abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to elucidate the questions: 1) Why are some @entity0 declining an @entity1 ( @entity1 )-test? and 2) Do @entity0 who decline an @entity1 -test differ in background and in attitudes towards abortion issues from @entity0 who accept the test? Furthermore the study was aimed at clarifying some aspects of the decision process. DESIGN: Questionnaire study over a one-year period from October 1, 1988 to September 30, 1989. SETTING: Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, and the county hospitals of S  nderjylland, Denmark. SUBJECTS: 336 @entity0 who declined the @entity1 -test and 3331 @entity0 who had the test performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Main questions concerned reasons for declining @entity1 -testing, attitudes to abortion issues and how the decision was made. RESULTS: The main reasons for declining were found to be ethical/religious reasons or the view that the test was not reliable enough. The frequencies of @entity0 with a high school degree (46.4% versus 30.8%) and of @entity0 who had had a previous @entity2 (24.1% versus 14.8%) were both significantly higher in the declining group. Regarding abortion issues, @entity0 who declined the test were significantly more restrictive in their acceptance of abortion than @entity0 who had taken the @entity1 -test. 5.7% of the @entity0 who declined reported that they had perceived pressure to accept the offer to have the test. CONCLUSION: The study has clarified the questions as to who declines the @entity1 -test and why. It is discussed whether the @entity1 -programme and its consequences are, in fact, too difficult for some @entity0 to grasp and understand in detail. From the Health Service's point of view, it is noteworthy that a considerable number of @entity0 who declined the test offer might make a different choice if the @entity1 -programme were improved.

title: Declining an XXXX test in pregnancy, why and who?

answer: @entity1


abstract: The prevalence of @entity2 by sex, age and certain sociodemographic variables was investigated in a sample of elderly Finns (60 years or over) living in the semi-industrialized municipality of Aht  ri (n = 1529). The study was carried out in two phases. In the first phase, depressive symptoms were screened with the Zung Self-rating @entity2 Scale (ZSDS). In the second phase, @entity0 scoring greater than or equal to 40 points in the ZSDS and a random sample of @entity0 scoring less than 40 ZSDS points were examined by a general practitioner. The prevalence of @entity2 was determined on the basis of DSM-III criteria. The estimated prevalence for @entity0 was 22.4%, and for @entity0 29.7%. The estimated prevalence for different categories of @entity2 was as follows: @entity3 , @entity0 17.2% and @entity0 22.9%; major @entity2 , @entity0 2.6% and @entity0 4.5%; @entity2 , @entity0 2.2% and @entity0 2.5%; and cyclothymic disorder, @entity0 0.4% and @entity0 0%. No cases of @entity1 were found. A high risk of @entity2 was associated with female sex, widowhood and being in long-term institutional care or receiving home nursing and/or home help. The occurrence of @entity2 was not related to age, education or occupation.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in an elderly population in Finland.

answer: @entity2


abstract: There are marked variations in the manifestations of @entity5 in different populations. The ocular complications of this condition amongst the Afro-Caribbeans living in the United Kingdom have not previously been reported. We present the preliminary results of an ophthalmic screening programme at King's College Hospital, London. One hundred eyes of 50 @entity0 with @entity5 were assessed. Full ocular examination was performed including fundus @entity3 angiography. We have looked at the haematological and clinical profile of the @entity0 involved as well as the number of days spent in hospital during the year preceding the eye examination. The incidence of @entity4 was found to be significantly higher than grade I in @entity7 . This concurs with the results of the Jamaican screening and confirms that these @entity0 are at higher risk of @entity2 than those with @entity1 . Our results also agree with the Jamaican experience which suggest that visual morbidity is mostly due to complications of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). However, the findings in @entity0 without proliferative changes are different; in particular, @entity6 leading to disciforms are an important cause of @entity2 in Jamaica, but were not seen in any of the 98 eyes examined in this study. No correlation was found between the grade of @entity4 and age, sex, systemic complications and various haematological parameters except for the percentage of haemoglobin F, which was significantly higher in @entity0 with grade I (7.6) compared with grade II (4.2) @entity4 (p = 0.0127).

title: Screening for ophthalmic manifestations of XXXX in the United Kingdom.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Normal aging is characterized by detrimental changes in body composition, muscle strength, and somatotropic function. Reduction in muscle strength contributes to frailty and risk for @entity1 in the elderly. Although older adults increase muscle strength as a result of resistance exercise training, the strength gains quickly level off, with only modest increases thereafter despite continued training. To investigate whether age-related deficits in the somatotropic axis limit the degree to which muscle strength can improve with resistance training in older individuals, we conducted a double blind, placebo-controlled exercise trial. Eighteen healthy elderly @entity0 (65-82 yr) initially underwent progressive weight training for 14 weeks to invoke a trained state. Subjects were then randomized to receive either 0.02 mg/kg BW.day recombinant @entity0 GH (rhGH) or placebo, given sc, while undertaking a further 10 weeks of strength training. Sequential measurements were made of muscle strength (one repetition maximum), body composition (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry), and circulating levels of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 . For each exercise, strength increased for both groups (P = 0.0001) through 14 weeks of training, with little improvement thereafter. Increases in muscle strength ranged from 24-62% depending on the muscle group. Baseline plasma @entity2 concentrations were similar in both groups (mean +/- SEM, 106 +/- 9 micrograms/L), approximately half that observed in healthy young adults. In the rhGH group, @entity2 levels increased to 255 +/- 32 micrograms/L at week 15 and 218 +/- 21 micrograms/L at week 24 (P < 0.001). In the placebo group, @entity2 increased slightly to 119 +/- 6 micrograms/L at 24 weeks. @entity3 also increased in the rhGH group (P < 0.05). rhGH had no effect on muscle strength at any time, and no systematic difference in muscle strength was observed between groups throughout the study. Body weight did not change in either group, but lean body mass increased, and fat mass decreased (P < 0.05) in the rhGH group. Supplementation with rhGH does not augment the response to strength training in elderly @entity0 . These results suggest that deficits in GH secretion do not underlie the time-dependent leveling off of muscle strength seen with training in the elderly and provide no support for the popular view of GH as an ergogenic aid.

title: Effect of recombinant XXXX growth hormone on the muscle strength response to resistance exercise in elderly @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Normal aging is characterized by detrimental changes in body composition, muscle strength, and somatotropic function. Reduction in muscle strength contributes to frailty and risk for @entity1 in the elderly. Although older adults increase muscle strength as a result of resistance exercise training, the strength gains quickly level off, with only modest increases thereafter despite continued training. To investigate whether age-related deficits in the somatotropic axis limit the degree to which muscle strength can improve with resistance training in older individuals, we conducted a double blind, placebo-controlled exercise trial. Eighteen healthy elderly @entity0 (65-82 yr) initially underwent progressive weight training for 14 weeks to invoke a trained state. Subjects were then randomized to receive either 0.02 mg/kg BW.day recombinant @entity0 GH (rhGH) or placebo, given sc, while undertaking a further 10 weeks of strength training. Sequential measurements were made of muscle strength (one repetition maximum), body composition (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry), and circulating levels of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 . For each exercise, strength increased for both groups (P = 0.0001) through 14 weeks of training, with little improvement thereafter. Increases in muscle strength ranged from 24-62% depending on the muscle group. Baseline plasma @entity2 concentrations were similar in both groups (mean +/- SEM, 106 +/- 9 micrograms/L), approximately half that observed in healthy young adults. In the rhGH group, @entity2 levels increased to 255 +/- 32 micrograms/L at week 15 and 218 +/- 21 micrograms/L at week 24 (P < 0.001). In the placebo group, @entity2 increased slightly to 119 +/- 6 micrograms/L at 24 weeks. @entity3 also increased in the rhGH group (P < 0.05). rhGH had no effect on muscle strength at any time, and no systematic difference in muscle strength was observed between groups throughout the study. Body weight did not change in either group, but lean body mass increased, and fat mass decreased (P < 0.05) in the rhGH group. Supplementation with rhGH does not augment the response to strength training in elderly @entity0 . These results suggest that deficits in GH secretion do not underlie the time-dependent leveling off of muscle strength seen with training in the elderly and provide no support for the popular view of GH as an ergogenic aid.

title: Effect of recombinant @entity0 growth hormone on the muscle strength response to resistance exercise in elderly XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: An experimental study was undertaken to evaluate the relative efficacy of oxygenated versus unoxygenated cardioplegic solutions and to determine if the addition of certain metabolically active substrates to cardioplegic solutions had any effect on myocardial preservation. Sixty-one @entity3 were divided into seven groups of animals (5 to 15 animals per group). The impact of different cardioplegic vehicles, i.e., crystalloid versus the @entity0 -carrying vehicles, blood and Fluosol-DA, on preservation of high-energy @entity8 ( @entity1 and @entity4 ) was examined in the first three animal groups. The influence of Krebs cycle intermediates, i.e., @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity6 and @entity10 , on @entity1 and @entity4 preservation was evaluated in the other four animal groups. All hearts underwent 120 minutes of hypothermic @entity2 at 15 degrees C followed by 60 minutes of normothermic reperfusion. Higher @entity1 and @entity4 levels were maintained during arrest when oxygenated solutions were used as the cardioplegic vehicle and when any of the four intermediates were added to the crystalloid cardioplegic solution, especially @entity6 and fumarate. During reperfusion, however, @entity1 levels were uniformly lower than control whereas @entity4 levels rose to either control levels or higher in all groups. No significant intergroup difference could be identified during reperfusion. These findings lead to the conclusion that the presence of either @entity0 or certain Krebs cycle intermediates enhances the protective effect of @entity9 hypothermic cardioplegia on high-energy phosphates during the arrest period only. This enhancement is not maintained during the reperfusion period.

title: Metabolic enhancement of myocardial preservation during XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity11 antigen was originally described as a specific surface marker for @entity4 . Recent work established @entity11 as a member of the @entity1 @entity2 factor/nerve growth factor receptor superfamily whose ligand ( @entity9 ) has also been cloned and expressed; @entity9 is active as membrane-bound type II glycoprotein. Here, @entity9 mRNA expression was studied in a panel of 102 continuous @entity0 @entity3 cell lines and was found only in four @entity7 , one Burkit-type @entity5 and one @entity6 ( @entity6 ) cell line. The product of @entity9 mRNA is expressed as a membrane protein on the surface of these malignant B-cell lines. Treatment of these cell lines with soluble @entity12 , @entity10 or staphylococcus aureus Cowan antigen resulted in the enhancement of cell surface @entity9 protein expression. @entity9 mRNA was not detected in normal unstimulated peripheral blood (PB) monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, or T-cells, but was detected in primary granulocytes; exposure to activating reagents induced and upregulated @entity9 transcription in these different PB populations. While @entity8 and @entity9 surface protein expression on PB monocytes could be enhanced or induced by treatment with gamma-interferon, these cells remained negative for @entity11 , both at the mRNA and at the protein level. Similarly, PB monocyte-derived macrophages and granulocytes remained negative for @entity11 mRNA and protein expression, regardless of stimulation. Only activated T-cells expressed @entity11 mRNA and surface protein. @entity9 -transfected cells and cells constitutively expressing @entity9 delivered a similar stimulus for proliferation of the @entity11 + @entity4 ( @entity4 )-derived cell line HDLM-2, but inhibited proliferation of the @entity11 + large cell @entity3 cell line KARPAS-299. These data provide strong evidence for the involvement in growth regulation of recombinant and natural @entity9 through its interaction with the @entity11 receptor. Collectively, these data suggest that the @entity9 - @entity11 interaction has potent biological activity and might play a critical role in the immune response and pathogenesis of @entity4 and some @entity6 , in particular @entity7 .

title: Expression and regulation of @entity11 ligand and @entity11 in @entity0 XXXX cell lines.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The @entity11 antigen was originally described as a specific surface marker for @entity4 . Recent work established @entity11 as a member of the @entity1 @entity2 factor/nerve growth factor receptor superfamily whose ligand ( @entity9 ) has also been cloned and expressed; @entity9 is active as membrane-bound type II glycoprotein. Here, @entity9 mRNA expression was studied in a panel of 102 continuous @entity0 @entity3 cell lines and was found only in four @entity7 , one Burkit-type @entity5 and one @entity6 ( @entity6 ) cell line. The product of @entity9 mRNA is expressed as a membrane protein on the surface of these malignant B-cell lines. Treatment of these cell lines with soluble @entity12 , @entity10 or staphylococcus aureus Cowan antigen resulted in the enhancement of cell surface @entity9 protein expression. @entity9 mRNA was not detected in normal unstimulated peripheral blood (PB) monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, or T-cells, but was detected in primary granulocytes; exposure to activating reagents induced and upregulated @entity9 transcription in these different PB populations. While @entity8 and @entity9 surface protein expression on PB monocytes could be enhanced or induced by treatment with gamma-interferon, these cells remained negative for @entity11 , both at the mRNA and at the protein level. Similarly, PB monocyte-derived macrophages and granulocytes remained negative for @entity11 mRNA and protein expression, regardless of stimulation. Only activated T-cells expressed @entity11 mRNA and surface protein. @entity9 -transfected cells and cells constitutively expressing @entity9 delivered a similar stimulus for proliferation of the @entity11 + @entity4 ( @entity4 )-derived cell line HDLM-2, but inhibited proliferation of the @entity11 + large cell @entity3 cell line KARPAS-299. These data provide strong evidence for the involvement in growth regulation of recombinant and natural @entity9 through its interaction with the @entity11 receptor. Collectively, these data suggest that the @entity9 - @entity11 interaction has potent biological activity and might play a critical role in the immune response and pathogenesis of @entity4 and some @entity6 , in particular @entity7 .

title: Expression and regulation of XXXX ligand and @entity11 in @entity0 @entity3 cell lines.

answer: @entity11


abstract: The @entity11 antigen was originally described as a specific surface marker for @entity4 . Recent work established @entity11 as a member of the @entity1 @entity2 factor/nerve growth factor receptor superfamily whose ligand ( @entity9 ) has also been cloned and expressed; @entity9 is active as membrane-bound type II glycoprotein. Here, @entity9 mRNA expression was studied in a panel of 102 continuous @entity0 @entity3 cell lines and was found only in four @entity7 , one Burkit-type @entity5 and one @entity6 ( @entity6 ) cell line. The product of @entity9 mRNA is expressed as a membrane protein on the surface of these malignant B-cell lines. Treatment of these cell lines with soluble @entity12 , @entity10 or staphylococcus aureus Cowan antigen resulted in the enhancement of cell surface @entity9 protein expression. @entity9 mRNA was not detected in normal unstimulated peripheral blood (PB) monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, or T-cells, but was detected in primary granulocytes; exposure to activating reagents induced and upregulated @entity9 transcription in these different PB populations. While @entity8 and @entity9 surface protein expression on PB monocytes could be enhanced or induced by treatment with gamma-interferon, these cells remained negative for @entity11 , both at the mRNA and at the protein level. Similarly, PB monocyte-derived macrophages and granulocytes remained negative for @entity11 mRNA and protein expression, regardless of stimulation. Only activated T-cells expressed @entity11 mRNA and surface protein. @entity9 -transfected cells and cells constitutively expressing @entity9 delivered a similar stimulus for proliferation of the @entity11 + @entity4 ( @entity4 )-derived cell line HDLM-2, but inhibited proliferation of the @entity11 + large cell @entity3 cell line KARPAS-299. These data provide strong evidence for the involvement in growth regulation of recombinant and natural @entity9 through its interaction with the @entity11 receptor. Collectively, these data suggest that the @entity9 - @entity11 interaction has potent biological activity and might play a critical role in the immune response and pathogenesis of @entity4 and some @entity6 , in particular @entity7 .

title: Expression and regulation of @entity11 ligand and XXXX in @entity0 @entity3 cell lines.

answer: @entity11


abstract: The @entity11 antigen was originally described as a specific surface marker for @entity4 . Recent work established @entity11 as a member of the @entity1 @entity2 factor/nerve growth factor receptor superfamily whose ligand ( @entity9 ) has also been cloned and expressed; @entity9 is active as membrane-bound type II glycoprotein. Here, @entity9 mRNA expression was studied in a panel of 102 continuous @entity0 @entity3 cell lines and was found only in four @entity7 , one Burkit-type @entity5 and one @entity6 ( @entity6 ) cell line. The product of @entity9 mRNA is expressed as a membrane protein on the surface of these malignant B-cell lines. Treatment of these cell lines with soluble @entity12 , @entity10 or staphylococcus aureus Cowan antigen resulted in the enhancement of cell surface @entity9 protein expression. @entity9 mRNA was not detected in normal unstimulated peripheral blood (PB) monocytes, monocyte-derived macrophages, or T-cells, but was detected in primary granulocytes; exposure to activating reagents induced and upregulated @entity9 transcription in these different PB populations. While @entity8 and @entity9 surface protein expression on PB monocytes could be enhanced or induced by treatment with gamma-interferon, these cells remained negative for @entity11 , both at the mRNA and at the protein level. Similarly, PB monocyte-derived macrophages and granulocytes remained negative for @entity11 mRNA and protein expression, regardless of stimulation. Only activated T-cells expressed @entity11 mRNA and surface protein. @entity9 -transfected cells and cells constitutively expressing @entity9 delivered a similar stimulus for proliferation of the @entity11 + @entity4 ( @entity4 )-derived cell line HDLM-2, but inhibited proliferation of the @entity11 + large cell @entity3 cell line KARPAS-299. These data provide strong evidence for the involvement in growth regulation of recombinant and natural @entity9 through its interaction with the @entity11 receptor. Collectively, these data suggest that the @entity9 - @entity11 interaction has potent biological activity and might play a critical role in the immune response and pathogenesis of @entity4 and some @entity6 , in particular @entity7 .

title: Expression and regulation of @entity11 ligand and @entity11 in XXXX @entity3 cell lines.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Gram-negative @entity3 are a major cause of morbidity and mortality following liver transplantation. We therefore used selective bowel decontamination (SBD) to eliminate the endogenous source of gram-negative aerobic bacteria and Candida pathogens in an attempt to reduce the high incidence of @entity1 related to these organisms. Thirty consecutive @entity0 undergoing liver transplantation were treated with SBD starting 3 days prior to donor search and continuing for 21 days postliver transplantation. Selective bowel decontamination consisted of administering nonabsorbable antibiotics (Polymixin E, @entity2 , @entity4 ) and a low bacterial diet. Surveillance cultures of the throat and rectum were obtained to monitor efficacy of selective bowel decontamination. In addition, in the posttransplant period, tracheal, wound, blood, and bile cultures were obtained to screen for gram-negative @entity3 . Our baseline surveillance culture revealed that 29/30 (97%) of recipients were colonized with gram-negative aerobic bacteria and 16/30 (53%) with Candida. Three days after selective bowel decontamination was started, 26/30 (87%) were free of gram-negative bacteria, and 100% were free of Candida colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. There was a similar reduction in the oropharyngeal gram-negative aerobic bacteria and Candida colonization. In the first 30 days following liver transplantation, gram-negative infections were not diagnosed in any of our @entity0 . Following discontinuation of SBD, recolonization of the gastrointestinal tract with gram-negative aerobic bacteria and Candida occurred within 5 days in 26/28 (90%) and 11/28 (35%), respectively. Our study suggests that prophylactive administration of nonabsorbable antibiotics will markedly reduce gram-negative aerobic bacterial and Candida colonization and appears to reduce the high incidence of @entity1 related to these organisms in the early posttransplant period.

title: Selective bowel decontamination to decrease gram-negative aerobic bacterial and Candida colonization and prevent XXXX after orthotopic liver transplantation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity8 with dysproteinemia is a disorder characterized by a sudden onset of constitutional symptoms and @entity5 . @entity0 often have @entity6 , autoantibodies, @entity4 , @entity3 , or @entity7 . Diagnosis requires a lymph node biopsy that shows architectural effacement, absence of germinal centers, arborization of postcapillary venules, and a polymorphous infiltrate that includes immunoblasts. Early in the disease, activated T cells in blood and lymph nodes stimulate B cells to proliferate and produce antibody. However, late in the disease, immune suppression may result from increased suppressor function. Clonal rearrangements, which are seen in all @entity0 with regard to either the T-cell receptor beta-chain gene or immunoglobulin genes, have been followed by @entity2 in some @entity0 . Thus, this disorder stands partway between benign lymphoid proliferation and clonal lymphoid transformation. The prognosis of this disorder is poor; 75% of @entity0 die within 2 years or develop a @entity2 . The rest usually go into a sustained remission. Current treatment with corticosteroid and immunosuppressive agents is unsatisfactory, especially because of late immunosuppression and predisposition to @entity1 .

title: NIH conference. XXXX with dysproteinemia.

answer: @entity8


abstract: In spite of accumulating evidence for a modulation of sympathetic neurotransmission by endogenously produced @entity1 (NO), it remains unclear in which parts of the vascular system and at what level this interaction takes place. The aim of the present study was to investigate the distribution of endothelial and neuronal NO synthase (NOS) along the vascular tree of the heart at the light and electron microscopic level using @entity2 -diaphorase ( @entity2 -d) staining as a marker for NOS. In addition, the functional effects of exogenous NO on coronary vascular resistance and cardiac adrenergic nerves was studied using the isolated perfused @entity0 heart as a model. The intraaxonal @entity4 content of adrenergic nerve fibers was visualised and morphometrically assessed by applying @entity5 -induced histofluorescence. The expression of endothelial NOS in the heart was found to depend on the diameter of the blood vessel. Arteries > 100 microns always showed intense staining, whereas staining in smaller arteries and veins was considerably weaker. Smooth-muscle free vessels were essentially devoid of @entity2 -d activity. In @entity3 , neuronal NOS localised in autonomic nerve fibers along the entire vascular tree. Ultrastructurally, @entity2 -d staining revealed adjacent localisation of NOS-positive and -negative axons, suggesting and interaxonal modulation of adjacent autonomic nerve fibers by NO. In isolated perfused @entity0 hearts, the intracoronary application of 10(-8) M NO produced a marked decrease of coronary perfusion pressure, which was accompanied by a distinct increase in intraaxonal @entity4 levels of intramural adrenergic nerve fibers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX modulates sympathetic neurotransmission at the prejunctional level.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity2 can be cured by @entity4 -based chemotherapy in many cases. Thus, concern about possible late @entity3 of treatment is warranted. METHODS: In this investigation, the absolute number of natural killer (NK) cells according to their @entity7 + phenotype, NK cell activity, and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were investigated in 29 @entity0 with @entity9 or @entity10 ( @entity10 ) a median of 31 months (range, 5-73 months) after termination of chemotherapeutic treatment. RESULTS: No difference in the absolute number of NK cells, NK cell activity, and @entity3 was found between @entity0 with @entity2 after either standard polychemotherapy consisting of @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity4 ( @entity11 ) or monotherapy with @entity8 and healthy control subjects. When @entity0 were analyzed further using multivariate analysis, a significant (P < 0.05) detrimental influence of @entity11 polychemotherapy versus @entity8 monotherapy on NK cell activity was found. Moreover, NK cell activity also depended significantly (P < 0.05) on the time elapsed after chemotherapy was administered, but normalized with time. Because the absolute number of NK cells was not affected, is was assumed that polychemotherapy induced a functional defect. In a subanalysis of @entity0 with NSGCTs, @entity1 at diagnosis resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) and persistent stimulation of NK cell activity but not of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Cytostatic chemotherapy in @entity0 with @entity2 did not lead to compromised lytic effector cell function as assessed by NK cell activity and @entity3 . However, a short, time-dependent reduction was found that also depended on the intensity of chemotherapeutic treatment. This finding related to the observation of a long-lasting stimulus of NK cell activity by initial @entity1 in @entity0 with NSGCTs.

title: Natural killer cell activity in long-term survivors of XXXX . Influence of cytostatic therapy and initial stage of disease.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In vitro studies indicate that muscarinic cholinergic inhibition of beta-adrenergic cardiac responses may be modulated in part by @entity3 (NO). To evaluate the role of NO in parasympathetic inhibition of the beta-adrenergic contractile response in vivo, we assessed the inotropic response to @entity1 before and during bilateral vagus nerve stimulation in closed-chest @entity0 . @entity1 administration and vagal stimulation were repeated during intracoronary infusion of the NO synthase inhibitor @entity5 ( @entity5 , 10 mumol/min) and again following infusion of @entity2 (100 mg/kg). In eight @entity0 , intracoronary @entity1 infusion at rates of 25 and 50 micrograms/min increased peak +dP/dt by 131 +/- 24 and 168 +/- 22%, respectively (P < 0.0001). Vagal stimulation (2.5 Hz) attenuated the responses to @entity1 (25 and 50 micrograms/min) by 23 +/- 4 and 21 +/- 4%, respectively (P < 0.001). @entity5 reduced (by 44-62%; P < 0.001) and @entity2 restored vagal inhibition of the @entity1 -stimulated inotropic response. In a second group of nine @entity0 , @entity1 was administered systemically to assure a constant concentration in the coronary circulation. Vagal stimulation (2.5 Hz) attenuated the @entity1 -stimulated inotropic response (2.5 and 5.0 micrograms/kg per min) by 40 +/- 12% and 57 +/- 8%, respectively (P < 0.004). As with intracoronary @entity1 , @entity5 diminished and @entity2 restored vagal inhibition of the inotropic response to @entity1 . Intracoronary infusion of @entity4 (12 micrograms/min) abolished the vagal inhibitory effect, and intracoronary infusion of @entity6 (1 and 10 mM) caused a dose-dependent attenuation of the @entity1 -stimulated increase in +dP/dt. These data suggest that NO mediates, at least in part, vagal inhibition of the inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation by @entity1 , and thus may play a role in normal physiologic regulation of myocardial autonomic responses.

title: Role of XXXX in parasympathetic modulation of beta-adrenergic myocardial contractility in normal @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In vitro studies indicate that muscarinic cholinergic inhibition of beta-adrenergic cardiac responses may be modulated in part by @entity3 (NO). To evaluate the role of NO in parasympathetic inhibition of the beta-adrenergic contractile response in vivo, we assessed the inotropic response to @entity1 before and during bilateral vagus nerve stimulation in closed-chest @entity0 . @entity1 administration and vagal stimulation were repeated during intracoronary infusion of the NO synthase inhibitor @entity5 ( @entity5 , 10 mumol/min) and again following infusion of @entity2 (100 mg/kg). In eight @entity0 , intracoronary @entity1 infusion at rates of 25 and 50 micrograms/min increased peak +dP/dt by 131 +/- 24 and 168 +/- 22%, respectively (P < 0.0001). Vagal stimulation (2.5 Hz) attenuated the responses to @entity1 (25 and 50 micrograms/min) by 23 +/- 4 and 21 +/- 4%, respectively (P < 0.001). @entity5 reduced (by 44-62%; P < 0.001) and @entity2 restored vagal inhibition of the @entity1 -stimulated inotropic response. In a second group of nine @entity0 , @entity1 was administered systemically to assure a constant concentration in the coronary circulation. Vagal stimulation (2.5 Hz) attenuated the @entity1 -stimulated inotropic response (2.5 and 5.0 micrograms/kg per min) by 40 +/- 12% and 57 +/- 8%, respectively (P < 0.004). As with intracoronary @entity1 , @entity5 diminished and @entity2 restored vagal inhibition of the inotropic response to @entity1 . Intracoronary infusion of @entity4 (12 micrograms/min) abolished the vagal inhibitory effect, and intracoronary infusion of @entity6 (1 and 10 mM) caused a dose-dependent attenuation of the @entity1 -stimulated increase in +dP/dt. These data suggest that NO mediates, at least in part, vagal inhibition of the inotropic response to beta-adrenergic stimulation by @entity1 , and thus may play a role in normal physiologic regulation of myocardial autonomic responses.

title: Role of @entity3 in parasympathetic modulation of beta-adrenergic myocardial contractility in normal XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is a common cause of progressive @entity1 in East Asia. Good surgical results are expected for @entity0 who already show @entity1 . Surgical decompression using a posterior approach is commonly used to treat OLF. This study investigated the use of microendoscopic posterior decompression for the treatment of thoracic OLF. METHODS: Microendoscopic posterior decompression was performed on 9 @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 had a mean age of 59.8  years and single-level involvement, mostly at the T10-11 and T11-12 vertebrae. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were used to classify the OLF. A tubular retractor and endoscopic system were used for microendoscopic posterior decompression. Midline and unilateral paramedian approaches were performed in 2 and 7 @entity0 , respectively. Intraoperative motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of 7 @entity0 were monitored. Pre- and postoperative neurological status was evaluated using the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) score. RESULTS: Thoracic OLF for all @entity0 were classed as bilateral type with a round morphology. Improvement of MEPs at least one muscle area was recorded in all @entity0 following posterior decompression. A dural tear in one @entity0 was the only observed complication. The mean recovery rate was 44.9  %, as calculated from mJOA scores at a mean follow-up period of 20  months. CONCLUSIONS: Microendoscopic posterior decompression combined with MEP monitoring can be used to treat @entity0 with thoracic OLF. The optimal surgical indication is OLF at a single vertebral level and of a unilateral or bilateral nature, without comma and tram track signs, and a round morphology.

title: Microendoscopic posterior decompression for the treatment of XXXX caused by ossification of the ligamentum flavum: a technical report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To determine whether intracavernous injection of @entity4 can discriminate vascular versus psychogenic @entity2 80 mg. @entity4 were injected intracorporeally into 27 impotent @entity0 without any hormonal or @entity1 . The @entity0 also underwent dynamic cavernosography, the artificial erection test and selective internal iliac arteriography. In addition, 21 of the @entity0 underwent nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring. The response to intracavernous @entity4 injection was noted as positive (fully rigid erection), intermediate or negative (soft or absent erection). Among 14 @entity0 with severe @entity3 and/or severe venous leakage the response was negative in 11 and positive in none. Among the remaining 13 @entity0 (moderate or @entity3 ) the response was positive in 4 but negative in 4. Of 15 @entity0 with an abnormal nocturnal penile tumescence test the response to intracavernous @entity4 injection was negative in 12 and positive in none. However, of 6 @entity0 with a normal nocturnal penile tumescence test the response was positive in only 1. Over-all, the results of the intracavernous @entity4 injection test are correlated only fairly with those of the nocturnal penile tumescence test and the vascular investigations. This test could be useful to save some nocturnal penile tumescence tests in cases of suspected vascular @entity2 . However, the safety of this procedure must be confirmed in larger series. Indeed, 1 of our @entity0 suffered @entity5 after a second intracavernous @entity4 injection performed for a therapeutic purpose.

title: Is intracavernous injection of @entity4 a reliable screening test for vascular XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: To determine whether intracavernous injection of @entity4 can discriminate vascular versus psychogenic @entity2 80 mg. @entity4 were injected intracorporeally into 27 impotent @entity0 without any hormonal or @entity1 . The @entity0 also underwent dynamic cavernosography, the artificial erection test and selective internal iliac arteriography. In addition, 21 of the @entity0 underwent nocturnal penile tumescence monitoring. The response to intracavernous @entity4 injection was noted as positive (fully rigid erection), intermediate or negative (soft or absent erection). Among 14 @entity0 with severe @entity3 and/or severe venous leakage the response was negative in 11 and positive in none. Among the remaining 13 @entity0 (moderate or @entity3 ) the response was positive in 4 but negative in 4. Of 15 @entity0 with an abnormal nocturnal penile tumescence test the response to intracavernous @entity4 injection was negative in 12 and positive in none. However, of 6 @entity0 with a normal nocturnal penile tumescence test the response was positive in only 1. Over-all, the results of the intracavernous @entity4 injection test are correlated only fairly with those of the nocturnal penile tumescence test and the vascular investigations. This test could be useful to save some nocturnal penile tumescence tests in cases of suspected vascular @entity2 . However, the safety of this procedure must be confirmed in larger series. Indeed, 1 of our @entity0 suffered @entity5 after a second intracavernous @entity4 injection performed for a therapeutic purpose.

title: Is intracavernous injection of XXXX a reliable screening test for vascular @entity2 ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An important part of inpatient treatment for adolescents with @entity2 is to restore normal eating behaviour. Health-care professionals play a significant role in this process, but little is known about their interventions during @entity0 ' meals. The purpose of the present study was to describe nursing interventions aimed at restoring normal eating behaviour in @entity0 with @entity2 . The main research question was: 'Which interventions aimed at restoring normal eating behaviour do health-care professionals in a specialist @entity1 centre use during meal times for adolescents diagnosed with @entity2 ? The present study was a qualitative, descriptive study that used video recordings made during mealtimes. Thematic data analysis was applied. Four categories of interventions emerged from the data: (i) monitoring and instructing; (ii) encouraging and motivating; (iii) supporting and understanding; and (iv) educating. The data revealed a directive attitude aimed at promoting behavioural change, but always in combination with empathy and understanding. In the first stage of clinical treatment, health-care professionals focus primarily on changing @entity0 ' eating behaviour. However, they also address the psychosocial needs that become visible in @entity0 as they struggle to restore normal eating behaviour. The findings of the present study can be used to assist health-care professionals, and improve multidisciplinary guidelines and health-care professionals' training programmes.

title: Restoring normal eating behaviour in adolescents with XXXX : A video analysis of nursing interventions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Immunohistological analysis of experimental @entity6 in @entity0 was carried out to provide a baseline for the study of immunoregulatory mechanisms in chronic @entity5 . Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies in an avidin biotin immunoperoxidase technique, T cell subsets were identified and the pattern of Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens determined. Twenty third-year dental students took part in the study. Following the cessation of oral hygiene procedures, gingival biopsies were taken from each of five students at days 0, 4, 8 and 21 during the development of the inflammatory lesion. Each student had one biopsy which healed uneventfully. The T4:T8 ratio showed only slight variation over the time course of the lesion varying from 2.18:1 at day 0 to 2.48:1 at day 4. At all stages the T cells displayed both HLA-DR and HLA-DQ antigens, but less than 10% had detectable @entity4 receptors. The predominant macrophage population was acid phosphatase + ve, @entity3 triphosphatase -ve, HLA-DR+ and HLA-DQ+ antigens suggesting an activated phagocytic population. During the development of the lesion, the number of intraepithelial Langerhans cells (T6+) increased but there appeared to be a discrepancy between HLA-DR and HLA-DQ expression on these cells. Similarly, the keratinocytes expressed HLA-DR but failed to express HLA-DQ at any stage. These results suggest that the developing @entity2 is a well controlled lesion and follows a similar pattern to a controlled @entity1 ( @entity1 ) response.

title: Immunohistological analysis of experimental XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Immunohistological analysis of experimental @entity6 in @entity0 was carried out to provide a baseline for the study of immunoregulatory mechanisms in chronic @entity5 . Using a panel of monoclonal antibodies in an avidin biotin immunoperoxidase technique, T cell subsets were identified and the pattern of Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens determined. Twenty third-year dental students took part in the study. Following the cessation of oral hygiene procedures, gingival biopsies were taken from each of five students at days 0, 4, 8 and 21 during the development of the inflammatory lesion. Each student had one biopsy which healed uneventfully. The T4:T8 ratio showed only slight variation over the time course of the lesion varying from 2.18:1 at day 0 to 2.48:1 at day 4. At all stages the T cells displayed both HLA-DR and HLA-DQ antigens, but less than 10% had detectable @entity4 receptors. The predominant macrophage population was acid phosphatase + ve, @entity3 triphosphatase -ve, HLA-DR+ and HLA-DQ+ antigens suggesting an activated phagocytic population. During the development of the lesion, the number of intraepithelial Langerhans cells (T6+) increased but there appeared to be a discrepancy between HLA-DR and HLA-DQ expression on these cells. Similarly, the keratinocytes expressed HLA-DR but failed to express HLA-DQ at any stage. These results suggest that the developing @entity2 is a well controlled lesion and follows a similar pattern to a controlled @entity1 ( @entity1 ) response.

title: Immunohistological analysis of experimental @entity6 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This prospective longitudinal study aims to determine the risk factors of wandering-related adverse consequences in community-dwelling @entity0 with mild @entity2 . These adverse consequences include negative outcomes of wandering (falls, @entity1 , and injuries) and eloping behavior. METHODS: We recruited 143 dyads of @entity0 with mild @entity2 and their caregivers from a veteran's hospital and memory clinic in Florida. Wandering-related adverse consequences were measured using the Revised Algase Wandering Scale - Community Version. Variables such as personality (Big Five Inventory), behavioral response to stress, gait, and balance (Tinetti Gait and Balance), wayfinding ability (Wayfinding Effectiveness Scale), and neurocognitive abilities (attention, cognition, @entity3 , and executive functioning) were also measured. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the predictors of these wandering-related adverse consequences. RESULTS: A total of 49% of the study @entity0 had falls, @entity1 , and injuries due to wandering behavior, and 43.7% demonstrated eloping behaviors. Persistent walking (OR   =   2.6) and poor gait (OR   =   0.9) were significant predictors of negative outcomes of wandering, while persistent walking (OR   =   13.2) and passivity (OR   =   2.55) predicted eloping behavior. However, there were no correlations between wandering-related adverse consequences and @entity0 ' characteristics (age, gender, race, ethnicity, and education), health status (Charlson comorbidity index), or neurocognitive abilities. CONCLUSION: Our results highlight the importance of identifying at-risk individuals so that effective interventions can be developed to reduce or prevent the adverse consequences of wandering. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Risk assessment of wandering behavior in mild XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Ultrastructural changes of the perineurium in the distal segment of the @entity0 phrenic nerve after crush were studied at various intervals of up to 56 days. In the control, the perineurium of the phrenic nerves was composed of multilayered perineurial cells joined together by tight junctions forming concentric laminae surrounding the endoneurium which mainly contained myelinated fibers with a relatively small amount of unmyelinated fibers. In the experiment, perineurial cells showed prominent morphological changes from day 3 to day 6 with the presence of proteinaceous exudate between the cellular laminae of the perineurium. Some of the perineurial cells appeared @entity2 and often showed mitotic figures. Newly formed gaps between the perineurial cells forming the same lamina as well as between those of adjacent laminae were frequently observed. Intracellular microcavities in the perineurial cells associated with increased pinocytotic vesicles were also observed. In addition, debris-free macrophages were occasionally seen in the perineurium. At this stage, @entity1 , myelin breakdown and interstitial proteinaceous exudate, which were already noticed on day 2, were evident in the endoneurium, demonstrating the early stage of @entity4 . From day 7 on, however, mitotic figures of perineurial cells were not encountered. Perineurial cells of inner laminae contained lipid droplets which increased in number with time. Our observations strongly suggest that perineurial cells play an important role in the early stage of @entity3 .

title: Ultrastructural alterations of perineurial cells in the early stage of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Developments in the treatment of stage I testicular non-seminomatous germ cell @entity1 have aimed primarily at reducing morbidity since the introduction of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Surveillance after orchidectomy, i.e. follow-up alone with chemotherapy only for relapsed disease, was found to be logistically and psychologically taxing for @entity0 . Risk factors for relapse were, however, identified from analyses of @entity1 histology of the orchidectomy specimen. Between September 1988 and April 1992, 20 @entity0 with clinical stage I testicular non-seminomatous germ cell @entity1 and a relatively high risk of relapse were entered into a prospective study of adjuvant chemotherapy. The chemotherapy regimen consisted of 2 cycles of @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity4 . Each cycle of chemotherapy lasted 3 days. There have been no relapses at a median follow-up of 31 months (range 12-53 months). Acute and late @entity2 have been modest. We have found adjuvant chemotherapy to be effective after orchidectomy in @entity0 with stage I disease with adverse prognostic factors for relapse.

title: Adjuvant chemotherapy for stage I non-seminomatous XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The results of therapy with @entity9 were evaluated in 45 @entity0 with complex @entity8 that had been refractory to a mean of 3.8 antiarrhythmic drugs. The cardiac diagnoses were @entity5 (in 16 @entity0 ), @entity3 (in 7), @entity10 (in 7), @entity10 (in 7), idiopathic @entity8 (in 6), @entity4 (in 5), and @entity1 (in 4). The frequency of @entity8 was established after therapy with antiarrhythmic agents had been discontinued. @entity0 then received @entity9 during a dose-ranging protocol. An effective response was defined as a reduction in total @entity8 of 80% or more. During dose ranging, therapy failed in four @entity0 because of side effects, in eight because of a reduction in @entity8 of less than 80%, and in three because of an aggravation of the @entity6 . Thirty @entity0 had a reduction in total @entity8 of 80% or more. During a mean follow-up of 12.4 months, therapy failed in 1 @entity0 because of sustained @entity7 and in 7 because of intolerable side effects; 22 @entity0 continued to receive @entity9 . PR and QRS intervals were significantly prolonged (P = 0.001), but the corrected QT interval and the heart rate were unchanged. The mean trough plasma level of @entity9 associated with an effective response was 756 ng/ml, and that associated with intolerable side effects was 920 ng/ml. Thus, in @entity0 with refractory complex @entity8 , @entity9 was effective and well tolerated initially in 67% of @entity0 and during long-term administration in 49%, and @entity2 was minor in most @entity0 .

title: @entity9 for the treatment of refractory complex XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The results of therapy with @entity9 were evaluated in 45 @entity0 with complex @entity8 that had been refractory to a mean of 3.8 antiarrhythmic drugs. The cardiac diagnoses were @entity5 (in 16 @entity0 ), @entity3 (in 7), @entity10 (in 7), @entity10 (in 7), idiopathic @entity8 (in 6), @entity4 (in 5), and @entity1 (in 4). The frequency of @entity8 was established after therapy with antiarrhythmic agents had been discontinued. @entity0 then received @entity9 during a dose-ranging protocol. An effective response was defined as a reduction in total @entity8 of 80% or more. During dose ranging, therapy failed in four @entity0 because of side effects, in eight because of a reduction in @entity8 of less than 80%, and in three because of an aggravation of the @entity6 . Thirty @entity0 had a reduction in total @entity8 of 80% or more. During a mean follow-up of 12.4 months, therapy failed in 1 @entity0 because of sustained @entity7 and in 7 because of intolerable side effects; 22 @entity0 continued to receive @entity9 . PR and QRS intervals were significantly prolonged (P = 0.001), but the corrected QT interval and the heart rate were unchanged. The mean trough plasma level of @entity9 associated with an effective response was 756 ng/ml, and that associated with intolerable side effects was 920 ng/ml. Thus, in @entity0 with refractory complex @entity8 , @entity9 was effective and well tolerated initially in 67% of @entity0 and during long-term administration in 49%, and @entity2 was minor in most @entity0 .

title: XXXX for the treatment of refractory complex @entity8 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: We conducted a prospective longitudinal study to determine the clinical significance of endothelial adhesion molecule expression in endomyocardial biopsies from @entity0 cardiac allografts. Ten to 18 (mean 13) consecutive allograft biopsies were obtained from 20 serial @entity0 transplant recipients over a one-year period. A total of 267 biopsies was examined. The expression of endothelial adhesion molecules @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and @entity3 , as well as the presence of CD3+ T cell infiltrates was assessed by immunocytochemical staining of frozen sections. Separate specimens taken at the same time were analyzed histologically for @entity1 or rejection. @entity2 --and, to a lesser extent @entity4 --was expressed at low levels in normal biopsies. @entity3 was only expressed in 15% of histologically normal biopsy specimens. @entity1 noted in the immediate posttransplant period was associated with increased expression of all three adhesion molecules. @entity4 expression increased both with the degree of CD3+ T cell infiltrates (P < 0.001) and with the degree of rejection (P < 0.05). @entity2 increased over constitutive levels in association with diffuse CD3+ infiltrates (P < 0.001) and with rejection (P < 0.05). @entity3 was increased on occasional vessels in association with CD3+ infiltrates (P < 0.001), but was not associated with active rejection. Increases in @entity3 were most likely to occur in biopsies just prior to rejection episodes (odds ratio 3.3), and were least likely to occur in biopsies following rejection (odds ratio 0.3). @entity2 , but not @entity4 , was also elevated in prerejection specimens. @entity4 and @entity2 declined in postrejection specimens. These data suggest a dynamic pattern in the expression of endothelial cell adhesion molecules during the course of cardiac allograft rejection. This study also suggests that endothelial @entity3 expression may be a useful clinical marker of impending rejection. Finally, inducible @entity4 expression may be a helpful adjunct in the diagnosis of ongoing acute rejection, and decreases in its expression may be indicative of successful antirejection therapy.

title: Predictive value of inducible endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression for acute rejection of XXXX cardiac allografts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Carotid @entity12 is a well-established risk factor of @entity5 , contributing to up to 10%-20% of @entity4 or transient @entity3 attacks. Many clinical trials over the last 20 years have used measurements of @entity7 as a means to risk stratify @entity0 . However, with improvements in vascular imaging techniques such as CT angiography and MR angiography, ultrasonography, and PET/CT, it is now possible to risk stratify @entity0 , not just on the degree of @entity7 but also on how vulnerable the plaque is to @entity6 , resulting in @entity5 . These imaging techniques are ushering in an emerging paradigm shift that allows for risk stratifications based on the presence of imaging features such as @entity8 ( @entity8 ), plaque @entity10 , @entity11 , fibrous cap thickness, and presence of a lipid-rich @entity2 core (LRNC). It is important for the neurosurgeon to be aware of these new imaging techniques that allow for improved @entity0 risk stratification and outcomes. For example, a @entity0 with a low-grade @entity9 but an @entity10 may benefit more from a revascularization procedure than a @entity0 with a stable 70% asymptomatic @entity9 with a thick fibrous cap. This review summarizes the current state-of-the-art advances in carotid plaque imaging. Currently, MRI is the gold standard in carotid plaque imaging, with its high resolution and high sensitivity for identifying @entity8 , @entity10 , LRNC, and @entity1 . However, MRI is limited due to time constraints. CT also allows for high-resolution imaging and can accurately detect @entity10 and calcification, but cannot reliably differentiate LRNC from @entity8 . PET/CT is an effective technique to identify active @entity1 within the plaque, but it does not allow for assessment of anatomy, @entity10 , @entity8 , or LRNC. Ultrasonography, with the aid of contrast enhancement, is a cost-effective technique to assess plaque morphology and characteristics, but it is limited in sensitivity and specificity for detecting LRNC, @entity8 , and @entity10 compared with MRI. Also summarized is how these advanced imaging techniques are being used in clinical practice to risk stratify @entity0 with low- and high-grade @entity7 . For example, identification of @entity8 on MRI in @entity0 with low-grade @entity7 is a risk factor for failure of medical therapy, and studies have shown that such @entity0 may fair better with carotid endarterectomy (CEA). MR plaque imaging has also been found to be useful in identifying revascularization candidates who would be better candidates for CEA than carotid artery stenting (CAS), as high intraplaque signal on time of flight imaging is associated with vulnerable plaque and increased rates of adverse events in @entity0 undergoing CAS but not CEA.

title: Contemporary carotid imaging: from degree of XXXX to plaque vulnerability.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pathological complete response (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) identifies @entity1 with good prognosis. AIM: To assess if the clinico-pathological subtype, determined by classic immunohistochemical (IHC) markers, is able to predict pCR and prognosis in @entity0 @entity1 treated with NCT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred thirty three @entity0 @entity1 aged 24-80 years, were treated with NCT. Clinico-pathological subtype was defined based on classic IHC markers. pCR was defined as the absence of invasive neoplastic cells in the breast and lymph nodes, on final breast surgery. RESULTS: pCR was achieved in 8.2% of @entity1 , 3.5 and 19.5% in luminal and hormonal receptor (HR) negative @entity2 respectively (p < 0.01). Median follow-up was 72.6 months (3.5-190). @entity1 who achieved pCR had higher overall survival (OS) (p = 0.04). A univariate analysis revealed that size of the @entity2 , ratio of metastatic to examined lymph nodes and absence of HR were significant predictors of pCR. These findings were not replicated in the multivariate analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Clinico-pathological subtypes were independent prognostic factors for pCR and OS in @entity0 @entity1 in our cohort. These findings support using classic and cheap biomarkers as a predictive tool for NCT in @entity0 .

title: [Predictive value of conventional immuno-histochemical biomarkers in XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 use is the single most preventable cause of @entity2 . Its cessation is the most cost-effective strategy for reducing long-term @entity1 and mortality. Although both healthcare professionals and the general population are aware of the detrimental effects of smoking on health, more than 25% of Italians are current smokers. Recent surveys showed that almost 50% of smoker @entity0 relapse to smoke after having been discharged for @entity4 . Physicians who smoke may be a barrier for effective cessation interventions. Thus, it is important to assess cardiologists' attitude toward smoking habits and the implementation of smoking cessation programs. METHODS: The survey "Italian cardiologists and smoking habits" has been held in 2013 during the 44   National Congress of the Italian Association of Hospital Cardiologists (ANMCO) to assess cardiologists' smoking status, their level of knowledge about smoking cessation interventions and their involvement in the management of smoking cessation. Out of more than 1200 cardiologists attending the ANMCO congress, 610 subjects (aged 51    11 years) answered an anonymous 35-item questionnaire; they were asked to declare their smoking status (9.5% current smokers). RESULTS: Among doctors who attended the survey, 58% correctly indicated smoking as an addiction and 45% regularly advised their @entity0 to stop smoking. The majority of cardiologists (93%) reported a positive attitude toward smoking cessation strategies, 62% of them thought that cardiologists themselves should treat smoking dependence, though specific tools (70%) and education for the management of smoking cessation are lacking (66%). Two thirds of the entire sample of ANMCO cardiologists declared their willingness to participate in specialized educational programs. CONCLUSIONS: More than a half of Italian cardiologists are aware that smoking is an addiction. Although they feel themselves yet inadequate toward this approach, they are favorable to implement their own knowledge and skills toward smoking cessation.

title: [Italian cardiologists and XXXX smoking. A survey on the prevalence and knowledge of smoking and strategies for smoking cessation in a cohort of Italian cardiologists].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 and @entity8 and subtypes of @entity7 . These rare @entity2 are usually treated with surgical resection. However, there is controversy regarding the optimal surgical management for these @entity2 and little information is available on the efficacy of radiation and chemotherapy in the adjuvant or palliative setting. METHODS: The records of 32 @entity0 with @entity3 or @entity8 were reviewed. Survival data were obtained and @entity0 outcome was analyzed with respect to the type of treatment given. Four different staging systems were compared for their ability to predict survival. RESULTS: Thirty @entity0 with @entity6 and two @entity0 with @entity8 were followed after surgery. All 32 @entity0 were explored, and 21 curative and 11 palliative procedures were performed. Adjacent organs were included in 38% of resections. Only three @entity0 did not undergo gastric resection. Local recurrence developed in eight @entity0 after curative resection for a local control rate of 62%. Eight other @entity0 developed @entity1 for an overall recurrence rate of 76% after curative resection. Median survival of @entity0 undergoing curative resection was 40 months compared with 8 months for those having a palliative procedure. The estimated 5-year survival was 34% and 10%, respectively (p = 0.05). Twenty-five @entity0 with @entity5 received systemic, hepatic arterial, or intraperitoneal chemotherapy. Eighty percent of @entity0 received a regimen including @entity4 . Four partial and one complete response were noted. Seven @entity0 received postoperative radiation therapy. Fourteen @entity0 underwent debulking surgery of recurrent or persistent disease in conjunction with chemotherapy. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and debulking surgery did not result in statistically significant prolongation of survival. Seven @entity0 remain alive, two with liver metastases. Four different staging systems for @entity3 were compared, but none of them were found to be clearly superior in predicting survival. CONCLUSIONS: Curative gastric resection was achieved in 66% of @entity0 and resulted in a significant prolongation of survival as compared with @entity0 who had a palliative procedure. Wedge resection of @entity2 or partial gastric resection appears to be an acceptable surgical approach to these @entity2 as long as negative margins can be obtained. Chemotherapy, radiation therapy and debulking surgery did not result in significant prolongation of survival in the face of @entity5 . None of the staging systems for @entity3 currently in use is completely satisfactory. @entity2 grade and extent of disease seem to be the most important factors when determining prognosis or considering adjuvant therapy.

title: Results of aggressive treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Information derived from social media sources is being used to save lives and take vital life altering decisions. You @entity2 is one of the most widely used social media for seeking medical information. Quality of information available to @entity0 and medical professionals on YouTube with regards to @entity1 ( @entity1 ), a common urological condition, w.as assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: First 1 00 videos results on @entity1 were analysed by three independent observers and graded based on the quality of information provided using an indigenous grading system of five points ranging from not useful to Informative for the Medical Professional. Correlation of this score with rank, number of views and "likes" was performed. Source of videos was identified along with analysis of comments. RESULTS: A large proportion of videos (63%) was found to be irrelevant to the search, projected wrong facts or provided very basic    information about prostate and the disease. A small but significant number of videos contained useful and relevant information. Only a handful of videos were useful for the urologist and adequate to guide the @entity0 . A negative correlation between the quality of videos and their ranking on search was observed. CONCLUSIONS: YouTube offers very few high quality resources for @entity0 and physicians. There is a significant negative correlation between useful videos and higher ranks in search results, but no correlation with number of views and likes. The first video in such results should be issued by a governing body that serves as the gold standard for @entity0 and physicians.

title: [ XXXX related content on YouTube: unregulated and concerning].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Twenty-nine years experience with 346 @entity0 with invasive @entity1 is presented. More than 90 per cent had @entity2 . The primary mode of treatment was surgical. Two hundred and ninety-six @entity0 were treated primarily with surgical treatment, 120 underwent radical vulvectomy and bilateral groin and pelvic lymphadenectomy, 133 had radical vulvectomy with bilateral groin dissection and 390 receiving nonradical procedures. Thirteen @entity0 had radical operations plus pelvic exenteration for @entity3 . There were no intraoperative deaths, but 16 (5.4 per cent) died within 28 days of the operation. The uncorrected over-all five year survival rate was 66 per cent. In the presence of negative nodes, it was 83 per cent and with positive nodes, it was 38 per cent. Fifty per cent of those treated with exenteration are alive and disease-free at five years or more. Since one-third of the @entity0 presented with @entity3 (Stages III and IV), earlier diagnosis and prompt referral must be encouraged to improve surgical results.

title: Changing trends in the surgical treatment of invasive XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: To determine whether cerebral arteries in @entity3 have an altered capacity to synthesize the vasoactive substances @entity7 and @entity5 A2, we measured levels of these @entity2 metabolites using a primate model of @entity4 . Twenty-four @entity8 were assigned at random to one of three groups designated sham, clot, or clot-removal. All animals underwent base line cerebral angiography and bilateral dissection of the major cerebral arteries from the arachnoid. The clot and @entity6 had autologous @entity1 placed around the vessels to simulate @entity0 . The sham group had a similar volume of saline instilled into the subarachnoid space. Twenty-four hours later, the clot-removal group underwent a second craniotomy to remove the @entity1 . Seven days after the initial operation, angiography was repeated on all animals. The animals were then killed, and the cerebral arteries were removed. Basal levels of @entity7 and @entity5 in the cerebral vessels were measured after incubation in vitro by radioimmunoassay. No detectable leukotriene C4 release by these arteries was measurable using radioimmunoassay. Angiography revealed severe @entity4 in the clot group, but not in the clot-removal or sham groups. There were no statistical differences among the groups in @entity5 release, but @entity7 levels were significantly lower in the clot group than in the clot-removal group (P less than 0.05). It thus seems that, if an imbalance in constrictor and dilator eicosanoids occurs in association with @entity4 , this is more likely to arise from a relative lack of the vasodilator component @entity7 than from a surplus of the vasoconstrictor @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity4 on levels of XXXX and thromboxane A2 in cerebral arteries of the monkey.

answer: @entity7


abstract: To determine whether cerebral arteries in @entity3 have an altered capacity to synthesize the vasoactive substances @entity7 and @entity5 A2, we measured levels of these @entity2 metabolites using a primate model of @entity4 . Twenty-four @entity8 were assigned at random to one of three groups designated sham, clot, or clot-removal. All animals underwent base line cerebral angiography and bilateral dissection of the major cerebral arteries from the arachnoid. The clot and @entity6 had autologous @entity1 placed around the vessels to simulate @entity0 . The sham group had a similar volume of saline instilled into the subarachnoid space. Twenty-four hours later, the clot-removal group underwent a second craniotomy to remove the @entity1 . Seven days after the initial operation, angiography was repeated on all animals. The animals were then killed, and the cerebral arteries were removed. Basal levels of @entity7 and @entity5 in the cerebral vessels were measured after incubation in vitro by radioimmunoassay. No detectable leukotriene C4 release by these arteries was measurable using radioimmunoassay. Angiography revealed severe @entity4 in the clot group, but not in the clot-removal or sham groups. There were no statistical differences among the groups in @entity5 release, but @entity7 levels were significantly lower in the clot group than in the clot-removal group (P less than 0.05). It thus seems that, if an imbalance in constrictor and dilator eicosanoids occurs in association with @entity4 , this is more likely to arise from a relative lack of the vasodilator component @entity7 than from a surplus of the vasoconstrictor @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of XXXX on levels of @entity7 and thromboxane A2 in cerebral arteries of the monkey.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The increasing impact of diagnosing extracapsular spread by using imaging, especially in @entity0 with @entity2 , highlights the need to rigorously evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of imaging. Previous analysis suggested 62.5%-80.9% sensitivity and 60%-72.7% specificity. Our goals were to evaluate the accuracy of imaging in diagnosing extracapsular spread in a cohort of @entity0 with @entity3 (pathologic confirmation of extracapsular spread routinely available), as a proxy for @entity2 , and to independently assess the reliability of imaging features (radiographic lymph node @entity1 , irregular borders/stranding, gross invasion, and/or node size) in predicting pathologically proven extracapsular spread. MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred eleven consecutive @entity0 with untreated @entity3 and available preoperative imaging and subsequent lymph node dissection were studied. Two neuroradiologists blinded to pathologically proven extracapsular spread status and previous radiology reports independently reviewed all images to evaluate the largest suspicious lymph node along the expected drainage pathway. Radiologic results were correlated with pathologic results from the neck dissections. RESULTS: Of 111 @entity0 , 29 had radiographically determined extracapsular spread. Pathologic examination revealed that 28 of 111 (25%) had pathologically proven extracapsular spread. Imaging sensitivity and specificity for extracapsular spread were 68% and 88%, respectively. Radiographs were positive for lymph node @entity1 in 84% of the @entity0 in the pathology-proven extracapsular spread group and negative in only 7% of those in the pathologically proven extracapsular spread-negative group. On logistic regression analysis, @entity1 (P = .001), irregular borders (P = .055), and gross invasion (P = .068) were independently correlated with pathologically proven extracapsular spread. CONCLUSIONS: Although the specificity of cross-sectional imaging for extracapsular spread was high, the sensitivity was low. Combined logistic regression analysis found that the presence of @entity1 was the best radiologic predictor of pathologically proven extracapsular spread, and irregular borders and gross invasion were nearly independently significant.

title: Accuracy of Preoperative Imaging in Detecting Nodal Extracapsular Spread in Oral XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A population-based survey, using data from the Framingham study, assessed sex-specific patterns of @entity1 occurring over a 26-year period of time. Among subjects ages 35 to 84 years, @entity0 have about twice the total incidence of morbidity and mortality of @entity0 . The sex gap in morbidity tends to diminish during the later years of the age range, mainly because of a surge in growth of female morbidity after age 45 years, while by that age, the growth in the male rate begins to taper off. An approximate 10-year difference between the sexes persists in mortality rates throughout the life span. The relative health advantage that is possessed by @entity0 , however, is buffered by a case fatality rate from coronary attacks that exceeds the male rate (32% vs 27%). @entity1 manifestations differ between the sexes. @entity2 is more likely to be unrecognized in @entity0 than in @entity0 (34% vs 27%). @entity4 in @entity0 more frequently is uncomplicated (80%), whereas in @entity0 angina tends to evolve out of @entity5 (66%). Also, @entity3 comprises a greater proportion of male deaths than female deaths (50% vs 39%). Because @entity0 maintain a lesser probability of the disease than do @entity0 at any level of the major cardiovascular risk factors, distinctions in their risk factor profiles do not explain completely the observed disease patterns.

title: Patterns of XXXX morbidity and mortality in the sexes: a 26-year follow-up of the Framingham population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: In the context of @entity5 , lymph node target volume delineation for post-operative radiotherapy is currently built on the traditional system of dividing the stomach and 2-D treatment methods. Here, we have proposed a new delineation approach with irradiation indications for lymph node stations. Its safety and efficacy were evaluated in a phase II clinical trial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-four @entity5 @entity0 with D2 lymph node dissection received 2 cycles of FOLFOX4. They subsequently received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (45Gy at 1.8Gy per fraction, 5 fractions per week for 5weeks) with a @entity9 / @entity10 regimen, followed by 4 additional FOLFOX4 cycles. The target volume included the remnant stomach, @entity4 site, @entity1 bed, and regional lymph nodes selected through our new approach by taking gastric arteries as references. RESULTS: The most common grade 3-4 adverse event was @entity8 (14.8%). @entity8 , @entity7 , and @entity6 were common grade 1-2 @entity2 . No treatment-related @entity3 occurred during treatment. The 3-year overall, disease-free, and locoregional recurrence-free survival rates were 81.6%, 70.2%, and 91.1%, respectively. Eight @entity0 developed peritoneal or distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Using our new approach and irradiation indications, delineation of the target volume of post-operative lymph node stations was feasible and well tolerated after D2 resection in @entity0 with @entity5 .

title: A new approach to delineating lymph node target volumes for post-operative radiotherapy in XXXX : A phase II trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) could affect @entity1 ( @entity1 ); however, no prospective clinical studies have explored the issue. METHODS: We measured @entity3 with magnetic resonance imaging and total fat mass (FM) with air-displacement plethysmography in 31 @entity0 with @entity1 in remission and 19 matched control @entity0 . We assessed the @entity3 /FM ratio as index of @entity3 accumulation, measured cytokines, and monitored clinical features (duration of remission, disease behavior, and outcome) in @entity0 with @entity1 retrospectively and prospectively. We also tested whether ultrasound could provide a surrogate marker of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity1 had higher percentage of FM (37    10% versus 31    10%, P = 0.03), @entity3 (1885    1403 mL versus 941    988 mL, P = 0.02), and @entity3 /FM ratio (65    24 mL/kg versus 37    25 mL/kg, P = 0.004) than control @entity0 . In @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity3 /FM ratio was associated with leptin (P = 0.009) and @entity2 (P = 0.032) concentrations, and higher in short-term than in long-term remission (72.6    27.1 mL/kg versus 54.8    16.1 mL/kg, P = 0.079). @entity0 with @entity1 with stricturing/fistulizing disease had a higher @entity3 /FM ratio than @entity0 with nonstricturing/nonfistulizing behavior (79    0.15 mL/kg versus 63    28 mL/kg, P = 0.067). A higher baseline @entity3 /FM ratio was associated with an increased disease activity at follow-up (P = 0.029). The ultrasound-determined thickness between the abdominal wall and the aorta was strongly associated with @entity3 as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 accumulation could be a prospective risk factor for increased disease activity in @entity1 .

title: Visceral Adipose Tissue in @entity0 with XXXX Correlates with Disease Activity, Inflammatory Markers, and Outcome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) could affect @entity1 ( @entity1 ); however, no prospective clinical studies have explored the issue. METHODS: We measured @entity3 with magnetic resonance imaging and total fat mass (FM) with air-displacement plethysmography in 31 @entity0 with @entity1 in remission and 19 matched control @entity0 . We assessed the @entity3 /FM ratio as index of @entity3 accumulation, measured cytokines, and monitored clinical features (duration of remission, disease behavior, and outcome) in @entity0 with @entity1 retrospectively and prospectively. We also tested whether ultrasound could provide a surrogate marker of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity1 had higher percentage of FM (37    10% versus 31    10%, P = 0.03), @entity3 (1885    1403 mL versus 941    988 mL, P = 0.02), and @entity3 /FM ratio (65    24 mL/kg versus 37    25 mL/kg, P = 0.004) than control @entity0 . In @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity3 /FM ratio was associated with leptin (P = 0.009) and @entity2 (P = 0.032) concentrations, and higher in short-term than in long-term remission (72.6    27.1 mL/kg versus 54.8    16.1 mL/kg, P = 0.079). @entity0 with @entity1 with stricturing/fistulizing disease had a higher @entity3 /FM ratio than @entity0 with nonstricturing/nonfistulizing behavior (79    0.15 mL/kg versus 63    28 mL/kg, P = 0.067). A higher baseline @entity3 /FM ratio was associated with an increased disease activity at follow-up (P = 0.029). The ultrasound-determined thickness between the abdominal wall and the aorta was strongly associated with @entity3 as measured by magnetic resonance imaging (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 accumulation could be a prospective risk factor for increased disease activity in @entity1 .

title: Visceral Adipose Tissue in XXXX with @entity1 Correlates with Disease Activity, Inflammatory Markers, and Outcome.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is one of the most frequent complications of neuraxial anesthesia and @entity1 . The objective is to determine risk factors of @entity3 receiving a blood patch in the @entity2 population. METHODS: Between November 2009 and January 2013, 10914 @entity0 delivered in Port Royal maternity unit (Paris, France). The incidence of @entity3 receiving a blood patch was calculated among those who received neuraxial @entity1 or anesthesia for delivery. Then we performed a case-control study to identify risk factors for @entity3 receiving a blood patch by comparing @entity0 who experienced @entity3 receiving a blood patch with some @entity0 randomly selected by computer among those who delivered during the study period (4 controls for 1 case, univariate and multivariate analysis). RESULTS: Among the 10685 @entity0 who had neuraxial @entity1 or anesthesia, 0.4% had a @entity3 receiving a blood patch. In the univariate analysis, cervix dilatation >= 7 cm, lateral decubitus position during the neuraxial procedure and multiple punctures were significantly associated with @entity3 receiving a blood patch, whereas maternal Body Mass Index, age, mode of delivery, performance at night and level of needle insertion were not. In the multivariate analysis, cervix dilatation >= 7 cm and multiple punctures significantly increased the risk of @entity3 receiving a blood patch (odd ratios 6.5 [95% CI: 1.5-29.3] and 5.6 [95% CI: 2.2-14.0], respectively). Experience of the anesthesiologist was not associated with @entity3 in both univariate and multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity2 population, a cervix dilation >= 7 cm during labor and multiple punctures are independent risk factors for @entity3 receiving a blood patch.

title: Risk factors of post-dural puncture headache receiving a blood patch in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is one of the most frequent complications of neuraxial anesthesia and @entity1 . The objective is to determine risk factors of @entity3 receiving a blood patch in the @entity2 population. METHODS: Between November 2009 and January 2013, 10914 @entity0 delivered in Port Royal maternity unit (Paris, France). The incidence of @entity3 receiving a blood patch was calculated among those who received neuraxial @entity1 or anesthesia for delivery. Then we performed a case-control study to identify risk factors for @entity3 receiving a blood patch by comparing @entity0 who experienced @entity3 receiving a blood patch with some @entity0 randomly selected by computer among those who delivered during the study period (4 controls for 1 case, univariate and multivariate analysis). RESULTS: Among the 10685 @entity0 who had neuraxial @entity1 or anesthesia, 0.4% had a @entity3 receiving a blood patch. In the univariate analysis, cervix dilatation >= 7 cm, lateral decubitus position during the neuraxial procedure and multiple punctures were significantly associated with @entity3 receiving a blood patch, whereas maternal Body Mass Index, age, mode of delivery, performance at night and level of needle insertion were not. In the multivariate analysis, cervix dilatation >= 7 cm and multiple punctures significantly increased the risk of @entity3 receiving a blood patch (odd ratios 6.5 [95% CI: 1.5-29.3] and 5.6 [95% CI: 2.2-14.0], respectively). Experience of the anesthesiologist was not associated with @entity3 in both univariate and multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity2 population, a cervix dilation >= 7 cm during labor and multiple punctures are independent risk factors for @entity3 receiving a blood patch.

title: Risk factors of post-dural puncture headache receiving a blood patch in @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ), a prevalent @entity1 in @entity0 of reproductive age, is associated with increased risk of upper genital tract and @entity3 , and complications in pregnancy. Currently approved treatments include @entity2 , which requires once or twice daily intravaginal administration for 5 days or twice daily oral administration for 7 days. This phase 3 study determined the safety and efficacy of single-dose @entity2 vaginal gel (MVG) 1.3%. METHODS: In this double-blind, vehicle-controlled study, 651 @entity0 with clinical diagnosis of @entity4 were randomized 1:1 to receive MVG 1.3% or vehicle vaginal gel. Primary efficacy measure was clinical cure (normal discharge, negative "whiff test," and <20% clue cells) at day 21. Secondary measures included therapeutic cure (both clinical and bacteriological; day 21) and bacteriologic cure (Nugent score <4), clinical cure, and time to resolution of symptoms (day 7). RESULTS: A total of 487 @entity0 were included in the primary analysis. Clinical and therapeutic cure rates (day 21) were higher in @entity0 treated with MVG 1.3% compared with vehicle gel (37.2% vs. 26.6% [P = 0.010] and 16.8% vs. 7.2% [P = 0.001], respectively). Clinical and bacteriologic cure rates (day 7) were also higher in the MVG 1.3% group (46.0% vs. 20.0% [P < 0.001] and 32.7% vs. 6.3% [P < 0.001], respectively). The median time to resolution of symptoms was shorter in the MVG 1.3% (day 6) than vehicle group (not reached). No serious adverse events were reported, and incidence was similar across treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose MVG 1.3% was safe and superior to vehicle gel in producing cure among @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Vehicle-Controlled Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of @entity2 Vaginal Gel 1.3% in the Treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ), a prevalent @entity1 in @entity0 of reproductive age, is associated with increased risk of upper genital tract and @entity3 , and complications in pregnancy. Currently approved treatments include @entity2 , which requires once or twice daily intravaginal administration for 5 days or twice daily oral administration for 7 days. This phase 3 study determined the safety and efficacy of single-dose @entity2 vaginal gel (MVG) 1.3%. METHODS: In this double-blind, vehicle-controlled study, 651 @entity0 with clinical diagnosis of @entity4 were randomized 1:1 to receive MVG 1.3% or vehicle vaginal gel. Primary efficacy measure was clinical cure (normal discharge, negative "whiff test," and <20% clue cells) at day 21. Secondary measures included therapeutic cure (both clinical and bacteriological; day 21) and bacteriologic cure (Nugent score <4), clinical cure, and time to resolution of symptoms (day 7). RESULTS: A total of 487 @entity0 were included in the primary analysis. Clinical and therapeutic cure rates (day 21) were higher in @entity0 treated with MVG 1.3% compared with vehicle gel (37.2% vs. 26.6% [P = 0.010] and 16.8% vs. 7.2% [P = 0.001], respectively). Clinical and bacteriologic cure rates (day 7) were also higher in the MVG 1.3% group (46.0% vs. 20.0% [P < 0.001] and 32.7% vs. 6.3% [P < 0.001], respectively). The median time to resolution of symptoms was shorter in the MVG 1.3% (day 6) than vehicle group (not reached). No serious adverse events were reported, and incidence was similar across treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: Single-dose MVG 1.3% was safe and superior to vehicle gel in producing cure among @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Vehicle-Controlled Study Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of XXXX Vaginal Gel 1.3% in the Treatment of @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this literature review is to determine whether and to what extent current post-fracture @entity1 interventions utilize theories of health behaviour change and whether those that are theory-based are more successful in producing desired behaviour changes. Studies were identified by applying additional criteria to the final selection stage of a systematic review of non-surgical @entity1 interventions in the orthopaedic environment. We identified 42 primary studies targeted at @entity0 and improving post-fracture @entity1 care. As well as describing the studies (in terms of design, population, interventions, outcomes), we focused on theoretical framework and elements of behaviour change models. The 42 studies included in this review utilized a variety of post-fracture interventions; however, none of them reported using an underlying theoretical base. Only three studies drew on what we felt to be elements of a theoretical framework. The lack of theoretically based studies points to a currently under-utilized area of behaviour change research that could be applied to post-fracture interventions in order to make them more effective. Despite an abundance of literature supporting theories of behaviour change, post-fracture @entity1 interventions do not report utilizing these theories. Theories of behaviour change could be applied to post-fracture @entity1 interventions to explain why @entity0 initiate @entity1 management. Future research should explore the application of theories of health behaviour change to post-fracture interventions.

title: A review of XXXX -centred post-fracture interventions in the context of theories of health behaviour change.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: TURB is the standard approach to @entity2 but suffers from several disadvantages. Waterjet hydrodissection is a new technology for removing superficial @entity1 in the GI tract promising to preserve the histological structures of biopsy specimens with favorable long-term results as recent studies have shown. The aim of this study was to show the feasibility and applicability of waterjet hydrodissection for removing papillary superficial @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In five @entity0 diagnosed with superficial @entity2 , transurethral submucosal dissection was conducted using the T-type I-Jet HybridKnife (Erbe, Tuebingen). The resection edges were labeled by means of electrical coagulation with the HybridKnife. Subsequently, a submucosal fluid cushion specific to the tissue layer was formed by the waterjet implementation function of the HybridKnife, thereby elevating the tumorous tissue. The @entity1 was endoscopically extracted with a retrieval bag. Biopsy specimens of the @entity1 edges and base were subsequently collected. RESULTS: All @entity1 could be resected en bloc, and the lamina propria was intact in all specimens, allowing the pathologist to distinguish between superficial and invasive @entity1 . Pathological analysis confirmed R0 resection in all samples. CONCLUSION: These initial results prove the feasibility of waterjet hydrodissection for removing @entity2 . In contrast to conventional TURB, this new technique allows the pathologist to assess the entire lamina propria and the resection edges due to the en-bloc resection and to determine invasiveness as well as R0 versus R1 resection. These first results are promising, long-term oncological follow-up, and prospective randomized surveys investigating the recurrence rate have to be evaluated.

title: Waterjet hydrodissection: first experiences and short-term outcomes of a novel approach to XXXX resection.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In a controlled study a single segment @entity8 ( @entity8 ) block was compared with @entity4 for cesarean section. Thirty healthy parturients were randomly divided into two groups. In both groups a T4 block was aimed at. @entity6 was used to provide @entity5 in both groups. All @entity0 receiving @entity8 block had good to excellent @entity5 , while 11 @entity0 (74%) receiving @entity4 had similar @entity2 relief. This was reflected in the requirement for additional analgesics, sedatives or @entity7 anesthesia. The muscular relaxation was also better following @entity8 block. The total dose of @entity6 for a T4 block was three times larger in @entity0 receiving only @entity4 . The maternal and fetal blood @entity6 levels were correspondingly about three times higher in the epidural group. Additionally, the incidence of @entity3 was higher in @entity0 receiving @entity4 . Apgar scores, blood gases and neurobehavioural evaluation did not show any differences between the two groups of neonates. No postspinal @entity1 was noted. @entity8 block appears to combine the reliability of spinal block and the flexibility of @entity4 while minimizing their drawbacks.

title: Epidural versus XXXX block for cesarean section.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Tissue engineering is a field in progressive expansion and requires constant updates in methods and devices. One of the central fields is the development of biocompatible, biodegradable, and injectable scaffolds, such as collagen microcarriers. To enhance cell attachment and produce a cost-effective cell culture solution with local stimulation of cells, basic fibroblast growth factor ( @entity1 ) or transforming growth factor-b1 ( @entity3 ) was covalently immobilized on microcarriers either by @entity5 / @entity6 (EDC/NHS) or @entity4 /UV ( @entity2 /UV) light-mediated cross-linking. Collagen microcarriers cross-linked with @entity1 or @entity3 were used for expansion and chondrogenic differentiation of @entity0 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Evaluation methods included cell viability test, chondrogenic marker expression (aggrecan and collagen type I and type II), histological detection of proteoglycans, and immunohistochemical analysis. Cross-linking strengthened the collagen structure of the microcarriers and reduced collagenase-mediated degradation. MSCs effectively proliferated on microcarriers cross-linked with @entity1 , especially by EDC/NHS cross-linking. Chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs was induced by @entity3 cross-linked on microcarriers, promoting gene expression and protein accumulation of aggrecan and collagen type I and type II, as well as proteoglycans. Cross-linking by @entity2 /UV enhanced chondrogenesis more than any other group. In addition, cross-linking reduced scaffold shrinkage exerted by MSCs during chondrogenesis, a desirable feature for microcarriers if used as tissue defect filler. In conclusion, cross-linking of @entity1 or @entity3 to collagen microcarriers supported in vitro proliferation and chondrogenesis, respectively. If translated in vivo and in clinical practice, such approach might lead a step closer to development of a cost-effective and locally acting device for cell-based therapy.

title: Growth Factors Cross-Linked to Collagen Microcarriers Promote Expansion and Chondrogenic Differentiation of XXXX Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: RATIONALE: A major abnormality that characterizes the red cell "storage lesion" is increased @entity3 and reduced red cell lifespan after infusion. Low levels of @entity3 after transfusion of aged stored red cells disrupt @entity1 (NO) bioavailabity, via accelerated NO scavenging reaction with cell free plasma hemoglobin. The degree of @entity3 post-transfusion and effects on endothelial-dependent vasodilation responses to @entity2 have not been fully characterized in @entity0 . OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of blood aged to the limits of FDA approved storage time on the @entity0 microcirculation and endothelial function. METHODS: Eighteen healthy individuals donated 1 unit of leukopheresed red cells, divided and autologously transfused into the forearm brachial artery 5 and 42-days after blood donation. Blood samples were obtained from stored blood bag supernatants and the antecubital vein of the infusion arm. Forearm blood flow measurements were performed using strain gauge plethysmography during transfusion, followed by testing of endothelium-dependent blood flow with increasing doses of intra-arterial @entity2 . MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We demonstrate that stored, aged blood has higher levels of @entity4 and cell free plasma hemoglobin. Compared to 5-day blood, the transfusion of 42-day packed red cells decreases @entity2 -dependent forearm blood flows. Intravascular venous levels of @entity4 and cell free plasma hemoglobin increase immediately after red cell transfusion, with more significant increases observed after infusion of 42-day old blood. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that the transfusion of blood at the limits of FDA-approved storage has a significant effect on the forearm circulation and impairs endothelial function. Clinical trial registration available at www.clinicaltrials.gov, ID NCT01137656.

title: Effects of Aged Stored Autologous Red Blood Cells on XXXX Endothelial Function.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Corpora lutea were removed from regularly cycling dairy @entity1 , dissociated with collagenase and cultured for 8 or 10 days in Ham's F-12 medium. In Exp. 1 treatment with @entity7 , or an @entity7 - @entity8 - @entity6 combination (ITS), increased @entity3 production from basal levels on Day 4 of culture to 234% (P less than 0.01) above controls on Day 10. LH alone increased @entity3 production 45% above controls on Day 10 (P greater than 0.05). When LH was combined with @entity7 or ITS, @entity3 production was stimulated to an average of 1802% (P less than 0.01) above controls on Day 10 of culture. @entity8 or @entity6 without @entity7 did not allow LH to stimulate @entity3 synthesis. In Exp. II, LH alone or LH plus @entity2 or @entity0 - @entity5 increased @entity3 production from basal levels on Day 2 steadily to an average of 468% (P less than 0.01) above controls (no antibiotics) by Day 8 of culture. The addition of @entity4 , alone or in combination with the other antibiotics, inhibited all LH-stimulated @entity3 synthesis, but did not affect basal @entity3 levels. We conclude that @entity7 is essential for maximal steroidogenesis in a @entity1 luteal cell culture system, and that LH-stimulated @entity3 production is inhibited in the presence of @entity4 , but is not inhibited by @entity2 or @entity0 - @entity5 . The elimination of @entity4 , coupled with the addition of @entity7 to the cell culture system increased the responsiveness of the cells to LH. These culture conditions represent the first report in which LH increased total @entity3 production for 10 days, maintaining luteal function in a chemically-defined culture system.

title: Effects of antibiotics and medium supplements on steroidogenesis in cultured XXXX luteal cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Data are presented from 1,166 @entity0 with Dukes B and C @entity2 who were entered into the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) Protocol C-01 between November 1977 and February 1983. @entity0 were randomized to one of three therapeutic categories: 1) no further treatment following curative resection (394 @entity0 ); 2) postoperative chemotherapy consisting of @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity4 (379 @entity0 ); or 3) postoperative BCG (393 @entity0 ). The average time on study was 77.3 months. A comparison between @entity0 receiving postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy and those treated with surgery alone indicated that there was an overall improvement in disease-free survival (P = .02) and survival (P = .05) in favor of the chemotherapy-treated group. At 5 years of follow-up, @entity0 treated with surgery alone were at 1.29 times the risk of developing a treatment failure and at 1.31 times the likelihood of dying as were similar @entity0 treated with combination adjuvant chemotherapy. Comparison of the BCG-treated group with the group treated with surgery alone indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in disease-free survival (P = .09). There was, however, a survival advantage in favor of the BCG-treated group (P = .03). At 5 years of follow-up, @entity0 randomized to the surgery-alone arm were at 1.28 times the risk of dying as were similar @entity0 treated with BCG. Further investigation disclosed that this survival advantage in favor of BCG was a result of a diminution in deaths that were @entity1 related. When analyses were conducted on which events not related to @entity1 recurrence were eliminated, the survival difference between the BCG and control groups became nonsignificant (P = .40); the cumulative odds at 5 years decreased from 1.28 to 1.10. The findings from this study are the first from a randomized prospective clinical trial to demonstrate that a significant disease-free survival and survival benefit can be achieved with postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity0 with Dukes B and C @entity2 who have undergone curative resection.

title: Postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy or BCG for XXXX : results from NSABP protocol C-01.

answer: @entity2