abstract: PURPOSE: Pelvic lymphadenectomy is frequently performed simultaneously with radical prostatectomy to determine lymph node status and the most frequently recorded postoperative complication is the development of a symptomatic lymphocele. This study evaluated @entity2 as an adjunct treatment in preventing lymphoceles after extraperitoneal pelvic lymphadenectomy for @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 60 consecutive @entity0 who had undergone radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy were prospectively enrolled in this study. The @entity0 were randomly assigned to a standard technique with the use of clips and electrocoagulation plus TachoSil, or to standard technique only. All @entity0 underwent ultrasound examination on postoperative days 7, 14 and 28 to test for the development of symptomatic or asymptomatic lymphoceles. Drainage volume and duration were also recorded. RESULTS: The baseline characteristics of the 2 randomized groups were well matched. Those @entity0 in whom we used TachoSil showed a lower drainage volume with a mean total volume of 64 +/- 45 ml (range 0 to 110) vs 190 +/- 62.72 ml (range 70 to 270, p = 0.009), and had significantly fewer symptomatic and asymptomatic lymphoceles (5 vs 19, p = 0.001). Only 5 percutaneous surgical procedures to drain the lymphoceles proved necessary, 1 of which occurred in the group with TachoSil. CONCLUSIONS: TachoSil seems to provide a useful additional treatment option for reducing drainage volume and preventing lymphocele development after extraperitoneal radical retropubic prostatectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy.

title: The use of a surgical patch in the prevention of lymphoceles after extraperitoneal pelvic lymphadenectomy for XXXX : a randomized prospective pilot study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In an animal model for vulnerability to @entity3 , animals that exhibit greater motor activity in a novel environment (high responders; HR) are more sensitive to drugs of abuse and are more likely to self-administer these drugs compared to less reactive animals (low responders; LR). In the light of clinical evidence on comorbidity between @entity3 and @entity4 , we used this model to investigate whether individual differences in locomotor reactivity to novelty are related to @entity1 - and @entity2 -like responsiveness using male @entity0 . Animals were categorized as HR and LR based on motor responses to novelty during a 30-min session. @entity1 -like reactivity was then measured using the elevated plus-maze, the defensive withdrawal test and acoustic startle-induced ultrasonic vocalization test. @entity2 -like reactivity was measured by the forced swim test. HR @entity0 showed less @entity1 -like behavior in the elevated plus-maze and defensive withdrawal tests than LR, but the opposite was true in the acoustic startle-induced vocalization test. In response to a series of loud acoustic stimuli, HR @entity0 were faster to begin vocalizing and did so for a longer duration compared to LR. There were only minor differences between LR and HR @entity0 in the forced swim test. These data suggest that an HR/LR model can be used to study a link between vulnerability to @entity3 and @entity1 -like reactivity. The exact nature of this link depends upon the model of @entity1 used and may reflect the heterogeneous nature of @entity1 -like reactivity in the @entity0 .

title: Locomotor response to novelty as a predictor of reactivity to aversive stimuli in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE Cetuximab or panitumumab are effective in 10% to 20% unselected metastatic @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . @entity6 mutations account for approximately 30% to 40% @entity0 who are not responsive. The @entity4 - @entity8 kinase @entity5 is the principal effector of @entity6 . We hypothesized that, in @entity6 wild-type @entity0 , @entity5 mutations could have a predictive/prognostic value. @entity0 AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed objective @entity1 responses, time to progression, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and the mutational status of @entity6 and @entity5 in 113 @entity1 from cetuximab- or panitumumab-treated metastatic @entity2 @entity0 . The effect of the @entity5 @entity10 mutation on cetuximab or panitumumab response was also assessed using cellular models of @entity2 . Results @entity6 mutations were present in 30% of the @entity0 and were associated with resistance to cetuximab or panitumumab (P = .011). The @entity5 @entity10 mutation was detected in 11 of 79 @entity0 who had wild-type @entity6 . None of the @entity5 -mutated @entity0 responded to treatment, whereas none of the responders carried @entity5 mutations (P = .029). @entity5 -mutated @entity0 had significantly shorter progression-free survival (P = .011) and @entity7 (P < .0001) than wild-type @entity0 . In @entity2 cells, the introduction of @entity5 @entity10 allele impaired the therapeutic effect of cetuximab or panitumumab. Treatment with the @entity5 inhibitor @entity9 restored sensitivity to panitumumab or cetuximab of @entity2 cells carrying the @entity10 allele. CONCLUSION @entity5 wild-type is required for response to panitumumab or cetuximab and could be used to select @entity0 who are eligible for the treatment. Double-hit therapies aimed at simultaneous inhibition of @entity3 and @entity5 warrant exploration in @entity2 @entity0 carrying the @entity10 oncogenic mutation.

title: Wild-type @entity5 is required for response to panitumumab or cetuximab in metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE Cetuximab or panitumumab are effective in 10% to 20% unselected metastatic @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . @entity6 mutations account for approximately 30% to 40% @entity0 who are not responsive. The @entity4 - @entity8 kinase @entity5 is the principal effector of @entity6 . We hypothesized that, in @entity6 wild-type @entity0 , @entity5 mutations could have a predictive/prognostic value. @entity0 AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed objective @entity1 responses, time to progression, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and the mutational status of @entity6 and @entity5 in 113 @entity1 from cetuximab- or panitumumab-treated metastatic @entity2 @entity0 . The effect of the @entity5 @entity10 mutation on cetuximab or panitumumab response was also assessed using cellular models of @entity2 . Results @entity6 mutations were present in 30% of the @entity0 and were associated with resistance to cetuximab or panitumumab (P = .011). The @entity5 @entity10 mutation was detected in 11 of 79 @entity0 who had wild-type @entity6 . None of the @entity5 -mutated @entity0 responded to treatment, whereas none of the responders carried @entity5 mutations (P = .029). @entity5 -mutated @entity0 had significantly shorter progression-free survival (P = .011) and @entity7 (P < .0001) than wild-type @entity0 . In @entity2 cells, the introduction of @entity5 @entity10 allele impaired the therapeutic effect of cetuximab or panitumumab. Treatment with the @entity5 inhibitor @entity9 restored sensitivity to panitumumab or cetuximab of @entity2 cells carrying the @entity10 allele. CONCLUSION @entity5 wild-type is required for response to panitumumab or cetuximab and could be used to select @entity0 who are eligible for the treatment. Double-hit therapies aimed at simultaneous inhibition of @entity3 and @entity5 warrant exploration in @entity2 @entity0 carrying the @entity10 oncogenic mutation.

title: Wild-type XXXX is required for response to panitumumab or cetuximab in metastatic @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Some nodules cannot be visualized clearly on conventional sonography but can be visualized on CT. In the present study, we evaluated the usefulness of real-time percutaneous ablation therapy under virtual sonographic guidance for these nodules. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: In vitro experiments were performed with gelatin gel to evaluate the accuracy of virtual sonography. We also studied 50 @entity0 with 58 @entity1 nodules, of whom 18 @entity0 (21 nodules) underwent radiofrequency ablation by virtual sonography. This was the initial treatment for seven of these @entity0 and an additional treatment for 11 @entity0 . Thirty-two @entity0 (37 nodules) received radiofrequency ablation without virtual imaging. The @entity0 receiving standard radiofrequency ablation were retrospectively selected as the historical control group under the same conditions as the study group. RESULTS: The in vitro gelatin gel study revealed that all punctures had been performed accurately. In both the initial-treatment group and the additional-treatment group, the mean number of treatments with virtual sonography was significantly lower than that without virtual sonography (p = 0.003 for both groups). The rates of local recurrence and complications did not differ significantly between the two groups. CONCLUSION: In the treatment of nodules not depicted on sonography, radiofrequency ablation assisted by virtual sonography is an efficacious alternative.

title: Virtual sonographic radiofrequency ablation of XXXX visualized on CT but not on conventional sonography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To compare angioplasty ( @entity2 ), supervised exercise (SEP) and @entity2 + SEP in the treatment of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) due to femoropopliteal disease. METHODS: Over a 6-year period, 178 @entity0 (108 @entity0 ; median age, 70 years) with femoropopliteal lesions suitable for angioplasty were randomized to @entity2 , SEP, or @entity2 + SEP. @entity0 were assessed prior to and at 1 and 3 months post treatment. ISCVS outcome criteria (ankle pressures, treadmill walking distances) and quality of life (QoL) questionnaires (SF-36 and VascuQoL) were analyzed. RESULTS: All groups were well matched at baseline. Twenty-one @entity0 withdrew. Results are as follows: Intragroup analysis: All groups demonstrated significant clinical and QoL improvements (Friedman test, p < 0.05). SEP (60 @entity0 , 8 withdrew)-62.7% of @entity0 (n = 32) improved following treatment [20 mild, 9 moderate, 3 marked], 27.4% (n = 14) demonstrated no improvement, and 9.8% (n = 5) deteriorated. @entity2 (60 @entity0 , 3 withdrew)-66.6% @entity0 (n = 38) improved following treatment [19 mild, 10 moderate, 9 marked], 22.8% (n = 13) demonstrated no improvement, and 10.5% (n = 6) deteriorated. @entity2 + SEP (58 @entity0 , 10 withdrew)-81.6% of @entity0 (n = 40) improved following treatment [10 mild, 17 moderate, 3 marked], 14.2% (n = 7) demonstrated no improvement, and 4.0% (n = 2) deteriorated. Intergroup analysis: @entity2 + SEP produce a much greater improvement in clinical outcome measures than @entity2 or SEP alone, but there was no significant QoL advantage (Kruskal-Wallis test, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: SEP should be the primary treatment for the @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity2 should be supplemented by an SEP.

title: Early outcomes from a randomized, controlled trial of supervised exercise, angioplasty, and combined therapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Fermentation of @entity5 is of interest in enhancing the yield of @entity4 obtainable from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Such hydrolysates can contain both pentoses and hexoses, and while technology to convert hexoses to @entity4 is well established, the fermentation of pentoses had been problematical. To overcome the difficulty, @entity1 and fungi have been sought and identified in recent years that can convert @entity5 into @entity4 . However, operation of their cultures in the presence of the @entity6 to obtain rapid and efficient @entity4 production is somewhat more complex than in the archetype alcoholic fermentation, @entity1 on @entity2 . The complexity stems, in part, from the association of @entity4 accumulation in cultures where @entity5 is the sole @entity3 source with conditions that limit growth, by @entity0 in particular, although limitation by other nutrients might also be implicated. Aspects of screening for appropriate organisms and of the parameters that play a role in determining culture variables, especially those associated with @entity4 productivity, are reviewed. Performance with @entity5 as sole @entity3 source, in sugar mixtures, and in lignocellulosic hydrolysates is discussed. A model that involves biochemical considerations of @entity5 metabolism is presented that rationalizes the effects of @entity0 on cultures where @entity5 is the sole @entity3 source, notably effects of the specific rate of @entity0 use on the rate and extent of @entity4 accumulation. Alternate methods to direct fermentation of @entity5 have been developed that depend on its prior isomerization to @entity5 , followed by fermentation of the pentulose by certain @entity1 and fungi. Factors involved in the biochemistry, use, and performance of these methods, which with some organisms involves sensitivity to @entity0 , are reviewed.

title: Conversion of pentoses to @entity4 by XXXX and fungi.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Fermentation of @entity5 is of interest in enhancing the yield of @entity4 obtainable from lignocellulosic hydrolysates. Such hydrolysates can contain both pentoses and hexoses, and while technology to convert hexoses to @entity4 is well established, the fermentation of pentoses had been problematical. To overcome the difficulty, @entity1 and fungi have been sought and identified in recent years that can convert @entity5 into @entity4 . However, operation of their cultures in the presence of the @entity6 to obtain rapid and efficient @entity4 production is somewhat more complex than in the archetype alcoholic fermentation, @entity1 on @entity2 . The complexity stems, in part, from the association of @entity4 accumulation in cultures where @entity5 is the sole @entity3 source with conditions that limit growth, by @entity0 in particular, although limitation by other nutrients might also be implicated. Aspects of screening for appropriate organisms and of the parameters that play a role in determining culture variables, especially those associated with @entity4 productivity, are reviewed. Performance with @entity5 as sole @entity3 source, in sugar mixtures, and in lignocellulosic hydrolysates is discussed. A model that involves biochemical considerations of @entity5 metabolism is presented that rationalizes the effects of @entity0 on cultures where @entity5 is the sole @entity3 source, notably effects of the specific rate of @entity0 use on the rate and extent of @entity4 accumulation. Alternate methods to direct fermentation of @entity5 have been developed that depend on its prior isomerization to @entity5 , followed by fermentation of the pentulose by certain @entity1 and fungi. Factors involved in the biochemistry, use, and performance of these methods, which with some organisms involves sensitivity to @entity0 , are reviewed.

title: Conversion of pentoses to XXXX by @entity1 and fungi.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Recently, Datex-Ohmeda introduced the Entropy Moduletrade mark for measuring depth of anesthesia. Based on the Shannon entropy of the electroencephalogram, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and response entropy (RE) are computed. We investigated the dose-response relationship of @entity3 and RE during @entity2 anesthesia in comparison with the Bispectral Indextrade mark (BIS). Twenty @entity0 were studied without surgical stimulus. Anesthesia was induced by a constant @entity2 infusion of 2000 mg/h (451 +/- 77 microg x @entity1 ) x kg(-1)) via a large forearm vein. @entity2 was infused until substantial burst suppression occurred (more than 50%) or mean arterial blood pressure decreased to <60 mm Hg. Hereafter, infusions were stopped until recovery of BIS values up to 60 was reached. Subsequently, the constant @entity2 infusion of 2000 mg/h was restarted to increase depth of anesthesia and again decreased (infusion was stopped) within the BIS value range of 40-60. The coefficient of determination (R2) and the prediction probability (P(K)) were calculated to evaluate the performance of @entity3 , RE, and BIS to predict changing @entity2 effect-site concentrations. R2 values for @entity3 , RE, and BIS of 0.88 +/- 0.08, 0.89 +/- 0.07, and 0.92 +/- 0.06, respectively, were similar. The calculated P(K) values, however, revealed a significant difference between @entity3 and RE compared with BIS, with P(K) = 0.77 +/- 0.09, 0.76 +/- 0.10, and 0.84 +/- 0.06, respectively. BIS seems to show slight advantages in predicting @entity2 effect-site concentrations compared with @entity3 and RE, as measured by P(K) but not as measured by R2.

title: Spectral entropy and bispectral index as measures of the electroencephalographic effects of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Few controlled studies have addressed the issue of effective medical treatment for @entity6 ( @entity6 ). We herein assessed the effect of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on 52 @entity0 with @entity6 diagnosed by ultrasound (US) and confirmed by liver biopsy (40 @entity0 ). The @entity0 were randomized to receive either @entity2 (120 mg 3 times daily for 6 months) or placebo. All @entity0 participated in an identical behavioral weight loss program. All @entity0 underwent monthly evaluation by abdominal US; liver enzyme levels, lipid profiles, @entity7 levels, and anthropometric parameters were monitored, and all @entity0 underwent nutritional follow-up evaluation. Twenty-two @entity0 underwent a second liver biopsy examination at the end of the study. RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity0 were recruited and 44 (mean age, 47.7 y; mean body mass index, 33) completed the study. Serum @entity3 and @entity7 levels (P<.03) were significantly higher in the @entity2 group, which also presented a higher degree of @entity1 . Body mass index was reduced significantly in each group, with a nonsignificant difference between the groups. Serum @entity4 transaminase (ALT) levels decreased significantly in both groups, with an almost 2-fold reduction in the @entity2 group (48% vs 26.4%). There was a statistically significant @entity5 by US only in the @entity2 group (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 improves serum ALT levels and @entity5 on US in @entity6 @entity0 , beyond its effect on weight reduction.

title: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of @entity2 for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Few controlled studies have addressed the issue of effective medical treatment for @entity6 ( @entity6 ). We herein assessed the effect of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study on 52 @entity0 with @entity6 diagnosed by ultrasound (US) and confirmed by liver biopsy (40 @entity0 ). The @entity0 were randomized to receive either @entity2 (120 mg 3 times daily for 6 months) or placebo. All @entity0 participated in an identical behavioral weight loss program. All @entity0 underwent monthly evaluation by abdominal US; liver enzyme levels, lipid profiles, @entity7 levels, and anthropometric parameters were monitored, and all @entity0 underwent nutritional follow-up evaluation. Twenty-two @entity0 underwent a second liver biopsy examination at the end of the study. RESULTS: Fifty-two @entity0 were recruited and 44 (mean age, 47.7 y; mean body mass index, 33) completed the study. Serum @entity3 and @entity7 levels (P<.03) were significantly higher in the @entity2 group, which also presented a higher degree of @entity1 . Body mass index was reduced significantly in each group, with a nonsignificant difference between the groups. Serum @entity4 transaminase (ALT) levels decreased significantly in both groups, with an almost 2-fold reduction in the @entity2 group (48% vs 26.4%). There was a statistically significant @entity5 by US only in the @entity2 group (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 improves serum ALT levels and @entity5 on US in @entity6 @entity0 , beyond its effect on weight reduction.

title: A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial of XXXX for the treatment of @entity6 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: We determined the effects of @entity3 on transition and peripheral zone volume, and the clinical value of the transition zone index in @entity0 with @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 2,802 @entity0 50 years or older with diagnosed @entity2 , American Urological Association symptom index score 12 or greater, total prostate volume 30 cc or greater, prostate specific antigen 1.5 ng/ml or greater and 10 ng/ml or less, and peak urinary flow rate 15 ml per second or less were randomized to receive 0.5 mg @entity3 daily or placebo for 2 years. Total prostate and transition zone volume was measured with transrectal ultrasound at baseline and 4 times during the 2-year period. Peripheral zone volume (total prostate volume minus transition zone volume) and the transition zone index (transition zone volume/total prostate volume) were calculated. @entity0 were stratified into tertiles according to baseline total prostate and transition zone volume, and the transition zone index. RESULTS: At 24 months @entity3 significantly decreased total prostate volume from baseline (p <0.0001). There were similar decreases in transition and peripheral zone volume (approximately 25%). In @entity0 receiving placebo high baseline total prostate and transition zone volume, and transition zone index were associated with poor 2-year outcomes, ie a low peak urinary flow rate, high American Urological Association symptom index scores, and an increased frequency of acute urinary retention and @entity2 related surgery. Improvements in outcomes with @entity3 vs placebo were greatest in @entity0 with the highest baseline total prostate and transition zone volume, and transition zone index. In @entity0 with low (30 to less than 42 cc) and intermediate (42 to less than 58 cc) baseline total prostate volume the benefits of @entity3 therapy were only significant in the intermediate (0.4 to less than 0.55) and high (0.55 to less than 1.0) transition zone index tertiles. CONCLUSIONS: Total prostate and transition zone volume, and the transition zone index are directly related to @entity2 progression. The transition zone index may add value to transition zone volume alone for predicting outcomes. @entity3 decreased transition and peripheral zone volume equally, supporting a known therapeutic role in @entity2 and a possible preventive @entity1 .

title: The effect of XXXX on the peripheral and transition zones of the prostate and the value of the transition zone index in predicting treatment response.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Neonatal @entity4 is primarily responsible for the perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with @entity5 . Recently exogenous surfactant replacement therapy has been used to prevent or treat @entity7 . As part of a multicenter, preventive trial between February 1986 and December 1988 using @entity3 -lung surfactant extract, we treated 147 @entity0 with single dose @entity3 -lung surfactant extract. We analyzed this experience to evaluate the possibility that antenatal @entity2 may be additive (with @entity3 -lung surfactant extract) in reducing both the incidence and severity of @entity7 . Although a reduction in the incidence of @entity7 was observed among the 33 neonates exposed to antenatal @entity6 when compared with the 114 @entity0 given @entity3 -lung surfactant extract alone, the difference was not significant (37.7% vs. 24.2% p = 0.15). However, comparison of neonatal subsets previously shown to benefit most from @entity1 use revealed an additive effect between @entity3 -lung surfactant extract and @entity6 in reducing both the incidence and severity of @entity7 . Of the 99 singleton pregnancies, only 2 of 16 @entity0 treated with @entity3 -lung surfactant extract and @entity6 developed @entity7 , compared with the 33 of 83 @entity3 -lung surfactant extract cases (p less than 0.05). A similar reduction was observed in @entity0 between 28 and 32 weeks' gestation ( @entity3 -lung surfactant extract, 21 of 79 vs. @entity3 -lung surfactant extract and @entity6 , 0 of 24; p less than 0.05). A reduction in disease severity was observed in male offspring (moderate or severe @entity7 only; 22 of 63 vs. 2 of 22; p less than 0.05). Potential confounding variables (e.g., gestational age at birth, birth weight, exposure to tocolytics before delivery, fetal pH at birth) were similar in all comparisons. We conclude that an additive effect between @entity6 and @entity3 -lung surfactant extract is observed in selected cases. It may therefore be appropriate to maximize antenatal @entity1 use in centers where exogenous surfactant is available.

title: Impact of antenatal XXXX administration on @entity7 in surfactant-treated @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Neonatal @entity4 is primarily responsible for the perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with @entity5 . Recently exogenous surfactant replacement therapy has been used to prevent or treat @entity7 . As part of a multicenter, preventive trial between February 1986 and December 1988 using @entity3 -lung surfactant extract, we treated 147 @entity0 with single dose @entity3 -lung surfactant extract. We analyzed this experience to evaluate the possibility that antenatal @entity2 may be additive (with @entity3 -lung surfactant extract) in reducing both the incidence and severity of @entity7 . Although a reduction in the incidence of @entity7 was observed among the 33 neonates exposed to antenatal @entity6 when compared with the 114 @entity0 given @entity3 -lung surfactant extract alone, the difference was not significant (37.7% vs. 24.2% p = 0.15). However, comparison of neonatal subsets previously shown to benefit most from @entity1 use revealed an additive effect between @entity3 -lung surfactant extract and @entity6 in reducing both the incidence and severity of @entity7 . Of the 99 singleton pregnancies, only 2 of 16 @entity0 treated with @entity3 -lung surfactant extract and @entity6 developed @entity7 , compared with the 33 of 83 @entity3 -lung surfactant extract cases (p less than 0.05). A similar reduction was observed in @entity0 between 28 and 32 weeks' gestation ( @entity3 -lung surfactant extract, 21 of 79 vs. @entity3 -lung surfactant extract and @entity6 , 0 of 24; p less than 0.05). A reduction in disease severity was observed in male offspring (moderate or severe @entity7 only; 22 of 63 vs. 2 of 22; p less than 0.05). Potential confounding variables (e.g., gestational age at birth, birth weight, exposure to tocolytics before delivery, fetal pH at birth) were similar in all comparisons. We conclude that an additive effect between @entity6 and @entity3 -lung surfactant extract is observed in selected cases. It may therefore be appropriate to maximize antenatal @entity1 use in centers where exogenous surfactant is available.

title: Impact of antenatal @entity6 administration on XXXX in surfactant-treated @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Neonatal @entity4 is primarily responsible for the perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with @entity5 . Recently exogenous surfactant replacement therapy has been used to prevent or treat @entity7 . As part of a multicenter, preventive trial between February 1986 and December 1988 using @entity3 -lung surfactant extract, we treated 147 @entity0 with single dose @entity3 -lung surfactant extract. We analyzed this experience to evaluate the possibility that antenatal @entity2 may be additive (with @entity3 -lung surfactant extract) in reducing both the incidence and severity of @entity7 . Although a reduction in the incidence of @entity7 was observed among the 33 neonates exposed to antenatal @entity6 when compared with the 114 @entity0 given @entity3 -lung surfactant extract alone, the difference was not significant (37.7% vs. 24.2% p = 0.15). However, comparison of neonatal subsets previously shown to benefit most from @entity1 use revealed an additive effect between @entity3 -lung surfactant extract and @entity6 in reducing both the incidence and severity of @entity7 . Of the 99 singleton pregnancies, only 2 of 16 @entity0 treated with @entity3 -lung surfactant extract and @entity6 developed @entity7 , compared with the 33 of 83 @entity3 -lung surfactant extract cases (p less than 0.05). A similar reduction was observed in @entity0 between 28 and 32 weeks' gestation ( @entity3 -lung surfactant extract, 21 of 79 vs. @entity3 -lung surfactant extract and @entity6 , 0 of 24; p less than 0.05). A reduction in disease severity was observed in male offspring (moderate or severe @entity7 only; 22 of 63 vs. 2 of 22; p less than 0.05). Potential confounding variables (e.g., gestational age at birth, birth weight, exposure to tocolytics before delivery, fetal pH at birth) were similar in all comparisons. We conclude that an additive effect between @entity6 and @entity3 -lung surfactant extract is observed in selected cases. It may therefore be appropriate to maximize antenatal @entity1 use in centers where exogenous surfactant is available.

title: Impact of antenatal @entity6 administration on @entity7 in surfactant-treated XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) risk is determined both by partner numbers and partnership characteristics. Studies describing only recent partnership(s) overestimate long-term partnerships and underestimate the contribution of casual partnerships to @entity1 transmission in populations. We describe all heterosexual partnerships in the past year in terms of partnership type, age and geographical mixing and how these characteristics relate to condom use. METHODS: Probability sample survey of 11 161 @entity0 and @entity0 aged 16-44 resident in Britain, 1999-2001. Computer-assisted self-interviews asked respondents about partner numbers and detailed questions about their three most recent partnerships. We weight these data to represent partnerships for which detailed questions were not asked to present estimates for the population of partnerships. RESULTS: Of 15 488 heterosexuals partnerships, 39.1% (95% CI 36.6-41.7%) of @entity0 's partnerships were 'not (yet) regular' vs 20.0% (95% CI 18.2-21.9%) of @entity0 's partnerships. While condoms were used at last sex in 37.1% (95% CI 35.0-39.3%) of @entity0 's and 28.8% (95% CI 27.1-30.6%) of @entity0 's partnerships, and for 55.3% (95% CI 52.6-58.0%) of first sex with new partners, these proportions declined with age. When partnerships involved an age difference of 5+ years [26.2% (95% CI 23.0-29.6%) of @entity0 's and 36.5% (95% CI 33.0-40.1%) of @entity0 's partnerships], condoms were less commonly used at first sex than when partners were closer in age [44.1% (95% CI 39.1-48.4%) vs 60.8% (95% CI 57.3-64.2%)]. Sex occurred within 24 h in 23.4% (95% CI 19.7-27.5%) of @entity0 's and 10.7% (95% CI 8.3-13.6%) of @entity0 's partnerships. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial minority of partnerships in the population is casual. The proportion of partnerships not protected by condoms is high, especially for partnerships involving larger age differences and @entity0 in their 30s and 40s. Condom use with new partners needs to be promoted among all age-groups.

title: Who has sex with whom? Characteristics of heterosexual partnerships reported in a national probability survey and implications for XXXX risk.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity6 ( @entity7 ), a second generation alkylating drug, an effective cytotoxic agent as well as radiosensitizer for malignant @entity5 , has side effects like myelosuppression. @entity10 (LND) increases the effectiveness of several experimental multiple chemotherapy protocols, without increasing @entity4 and is effective in @entity5 @entity0 . The objective of the present studies was to investigate whether combining clinically relevant doses of LND and @entity7 could increase the proliferation and radiation response of malignant @entity0 @entity5 cells in vitro. METHODS: A malignant @entity0 @entity2 (U373MG) cell line was used in these studies. @entity7 (20, 40 or 60 microM) or LND (100, 150 or 200 microM), or the combination of both (20 and 100 microM, respectively) in 0.1 per cent @entity9 ( @entity9 ) were added three days after setting up cultures, in six well plates (5 x 10(4) cells/ well). The effects of continuous treatment for two days on proliferation response and @entity3 were studied after trypsinization; by cell counts and the uptake of @entity8 dye (0.5%). For the study of radiation (60Co-Gamma-rays, 2 Gy) response, drugs were removed 4 h after irradiation and cultures were grown further in drug free, normal growth medium for another 20 h or 44 h. RESULTS: Continuous presence of @entity7 or LND for two days significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration dependent manner. The frequencies of non viable cells increased significantly only at higher concentrations of LND. Combination of 20 microM @entity7 with 100 microM LND had additive effects on proliferation response, without affecting cell viability. Short-term drug treatments without irradiation did not induce micronuclei formation. Cell proliferation and viability were also not affected. However, post-irradiation presence of either of these drugs for 4 h significantly reduced the proliferation response, 24 and 48 h after treatments. It was further inhibited by the combination treatment. On the contrary, radiation induced micronuclei formation was enhanced by either of the drugs; which was significantly increased by the combined treatment, 24 h as well as 48 h after irradiation. No effects on cell viability were observed, immediately after these treatments as well as at later time points. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that combination of @entity7 and LND at clinically achievable, low plasma concentrations could inhibit @entity1 growth, and @entity10 could reduce the dose of @entity6 required for radiosensitization of @entity5 .

title: Optimizing radiotherapy of @entity5 by a combination of @entity6 _ XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity6 ( @entity7 ), a second generation alkylating drug, an effective cytotoxic agent as well as radiosensitizer for malignant @entity5 , has side effects like myelosuppression. @entity10 (LND) increases the effectiveness of several experimental multiple chemotherapy protocols, without increasing @entity4 and is effective in @entity5 @entity0 . The objective of the present studies was to investigate whether combining clinically relevant doses of LND and @entity7 could increase the proliferation and radiation response of malignant @entity0 @entity5 cells in vitro. METHODS: A malignant @entity0 @entity2 (U373MG) cell line was used in these studies. @entity7 (20, 40 or 60 microM) or LND (100, 150 or 200 microM), or the combination of both (20 and 100 microM, respectively) in 0.1 per cent @entity9 ( @entity9 ) were added three days after setting up cultures, in six well plates (5 x 10(4) cells/ well). The effects of continuous treatment for two days on proliferation response and @entity3 were studied after trypsinization; by cell counts and the uptake of @entity8 dye (0.5%). For the study of radiation (60Co-Gamma-rays, 2 Gy) response, drugs were removed 4 h after irradiation and cultures were grown further in drug free, normal growth medium for another 20 h or 44 h. RESULTS: Continuous presence of @entity7 or LND for two days significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration dependent manner. The frequencies of non viable cells increased significantly only at higher concentrations of LND. Combination of 20 microM @entity7 with 100 microM LND had additive effects on proliferation response, without affecting cell viability. Short-term drug treatments without irradiation did not induce micronuclei formation. Cell proliferation and viability were also not affected. However, post-irradiation presence of either of these drugs for 4 h significantly reduced the proliferation response, 24 and 48 h after treatments. It was further inhibited by the combination treatment. On the contrary, radiation induced micronuclei formation was enhanced by either of the drugs; which was significantly increased by the combined treatment, 24 h as well as 48 h after irradiation. No effects on cell viability were observed, immediately after these treatments as well as at later time points. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that combination of @entity7 and LND at clinically achievable, low plasma concentrations could inhibit @entity1 growth, and @entity10 could reduce the dose of @entity6 required for radiosensitization of @entity5 .

title: Optimizing radiotherapy of @entity5 by a combination of XXXX _ @entity10 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity6 ( @entity7 ), a second generation alkylating drug, an effective cytotoxic agent as well as radiosensitizer for malignant @entity5 , has side effects like myelosuppression. @entity10 (LND) increases the effectiveness of several experimental multiple chemotherapy protocols, without increasing @entity4 and is effective in @entity5 @entity0 . The objective of the present studies was to investigate whether combining clinically relevant doses of LND and @entity7 could increase the proliferation and radiation response of malignant @entity0 @entity5 cells in vitro. METHODS: A malignant @entity0 @entity2 (U373MG) cell line was used in these studies. @entity7 (20, 40 or 60 microM) or LND (100, 150 or 200 microM), or the combination of both (20 and 100 microM, respectively) in 0.1 per cent @entity9 ( @entity9 ) were added three days after setting up cultures, in six well plates (5 x 10(4) cells/ well). The effects of continuous treatment for two days on proliferation response and @entity3 were studied after trypsinization; by cell counts and the uptake of @entity8 dye (0.5%). For the study of radiation (60Co-Gamma-rays, 2 Gy) response, drugs were removed 4 h after irradiation and cultures were grown further in drug free, normal growth medium for another 20 h or 44 h. RESULTS: Continuous presence of @entity7 or LND for two days significantly inhibited cell proliferation in a concentration dependent manner. The frequencies of non viable cells increased significantly only at higher concentrations of LND. Combination of 20 microM @entity7 with 100 microM LND had additive effects on proliferation response, without affecting cell viability. Short-term drug treatments without irradiation did not induce micronuclei formation. Cell proliferation and viability were also not affected. However, post-irradiation presence of either of these drugs for 4 h significantly reduced the proliferation response, 24 and 48 h after treatments. It was further inhibited by the combination treatment. On the contrary, radiation induced micronuclei formation was enhanced by either of the drugs; which was significantly increased by the combined treatment, 24 h as well as 48 h after irradiation. No effects on cell viability were observed, immediately after these treatments as well as at later time points. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that combination of @entity7 and LND at clinically achievable, low plasma concentrations could inhibit @entity1 growth, and @entity10 could reduce the dose of @entity6 required for radiosensitization of @entity5 .

title: Optimizing radiotherapy of XXXX by a combination of @entity6 _ @entity10 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To report results in the European Society of Cataract _ Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS) multicenter study of the prophylaxis of @entity7 after @entity2 surgery. SETTING: Twenty-four ophthalmology units and eye clinics in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain, @entity3 , and the United Kingdom, with an administrative office in Ireland, coordinating center in England, and data management and statistical unit in Scotland. METHODS: This partially masked randomized placebo-controlled multinational clinical study to evaluate prospectively the prophylactic effect of intracameral @entity6 injection and/or perioperative @entity5 eyedrops on the incidence of @entity7 after phacoemulsification @entity2 surgery began in September 2003 and was terminated early in January 2006. The study used random allocation of @entity0 in a 2 x 2 factorial design. RESULTS: By the end of 2005, complete follow-up records had been received for 13 698 study @entity0 . Such a clear beneficial effect from the use of intracameral @entity6 had been observed that it was agreed it would be unethical to continue the study and to wait for the completion of all follow-up procedures before reporting this important result. If total reported cases of @entity7 are considered, the incidence rate observed in those treatment groups not receiving @entity6 prophylaxis (23 cases in 6862 @entity0 ) was almost 5 times as high (odds ratio [OR], 4.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.74-12.08; P = .002) as that in the groups receiving this treatment (5 cases in 6836 @entity0 ). If only cases proved to be due to @entity4 are considered, the rate was more than 5 times as high (OR, 5.32; 95% CI, 1.55-18.26; P = .008) in the treatment groups not receiving @entity6 . Although the use of perioperative @entity5 eyedrops as prophylaxis was also associated with a reduction in the observed incidence rate of @entity1 , this effect was smaller and was not statistically significant, whether total reported cases or only cases proven to be due to @entity4 are used in calculating the rates. As not all follow-up procedures are complete, it is possible that further cases of @entity7 may be reported; however, it is not expected that this will alter the main conclusion. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that successful completion of follow-up procedures in all @entity0 will increase the total number in the study to approximately 16,000. CONCLUSION: Intracameral @entity6 administered at the time of surgery significantly reduced the risk for developing @entity7 after @entity2 surgery.

title: ESCRS study of prophylaxis of XXXX after @entity2 surgery: Preliminary report of principal results from a European multicenter study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To report results in the European Society of Cataract _ Refractive Surgeons (ESCRS) multicenter study of the prophylaxis of @entity7 after @entity2 surgery. SETTING: Twenty-four ophthalmology units and eye clinics in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland, Portugal, Spain, @entity3 , and the United Kingdom, with an administrative office in Ireland, coordinating center in England, and data management and statistical unit in Scotland. METHODS: This partially masked randomized placebo-controlled multinational clinical study to evaluate prospectively the prophylactic effect of intracameral @entity6 injection and/or perioperative @entity5 eyedrops on the incidence of @entity7 after phacoemulsification @entity2 surgery began in September 2003 and was terminated early in January 2006. The study used random allocation of @entity0 in a 2 x 2 factorial design. RESULTS: By the end of 2005, complete follow-up records had been received for 13 698 study @entity0 . Such a clear beneficial effect from the use of intracameral @entity6 had been observed that it was agreed it would be unethical to continue the study and to wait for the completion of all follow-up procedures before reporting this important result. If total reported cases of @entity7 are considered, the incidence rate observed in those treatment groups not receiving @entity6 prophylaxis (23 cases in 6862 @entity0 ) was almost 5 times as high (odds ratio [OR], 4.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.74-12.08; P = .002) as that in the groups receiving this treatment (5 cases in 6836 @entity0 ). If only cases proved to be due to @entity4 are considered, the rate was more than 5 times as high (OR, 5.32; 95% CI, 1.55-18.26; P = .008) in the treatment groups not receiving @entity6 . Although the use of perioperative @entity5 eyedrops as prophylaxis was also associated with a reduction in the observed incidence rate of @entity1 , this effect was smaller and was not statistically significant, whether total reported cases or only cases proven to be due to @entity4 are used in calculating the rates. As not all follow-up procedures are complete, it is possible that further cases of @entity7 may be reported; however, it is not expected that this will alter the main conclusion. Nevertheless, it is anticipated that successful completion of follow-up procedures in all @entity0 will increase the total number in the study to approximately 16,000. CONCLUSION: Intracameral @entity6 administered at the time of surgery significantly reduced the risk for developing @entity7 after @entity2 surgery.

title: ESCRS study of prophylaxis of @entity1 after XXXX surgery: Preliminary report of principal results from a European multicenter study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Motor vehicle crashes remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Adolescents are disproportionately represented among victims. Several risk-reduction programs for teenage driving offenders have consequently been introduced. The efficacy of these interventions on subsequent driving behavior is unknown. We assessed the effectiveness of drive alive (DA), a 10-hour @entity1 center-based interactive program designed to reduce traffic violations in adolescents. METHODS: All subjects court-ordered to attend DA over a 2-year period were tracked. A random selection of teenagers with similar offenses in corresponding time periods served as controls. Driving records of both groups were obtained from the Bureau of Motor Vehicles. Comparisons were made at 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, and 30 months intervals using Fisher's exact test with 0.05 for statistical significance. RESULTS: Of 183 @entity0 , records were available for 176 (128 male, 48 females). There were 233 controls. Six months after DA completion, 50 of 176 (28%) @entity0 had at least one repeat offense versus 97 of 233 (42%) in controls (p = 0.0068). No differences were observed at 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, and 30 months. Similar 6 month reductions were seen in @entity0 referred for moving violations (28.6% vs. 42%, p = 0.0205) and substance abuse-related violations (15.4% vs. 33%, p = 0.0325). Similarly, no difference in new offenses was seen at 12 months and beyond. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in the DA program resulted in a lower rate of traffic violations in teenagers for a period lasting up till at least 6 months when compared with a control group. This effect is also seen in individuals referred for moving violations and @entity2 -related offenses. Further research on educational intervention programs in interactive settings such as @entity1 centers is needed.

title: The effect of a XXXX center-based intervention program on recidivism among adolescent driving offenders.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The study objectives were to assess the effect of age, to evaluate the impact of smoking, and to determine the effect of rural residence on @entity1 characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes for Kentucky's @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: The Kentucky Cancer Registry identified Kentucky residents diagnosed with @entity2 from 1995 to 2002. Data abstracted included demographics, @entity1 characteristics, treatment, and recurrence/survival status. RESULTS: Three thousand five hundred and sixty-two @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity2 . Mean age at diagnosis decreased significantly (P=0.0388) over the 7-year period. Smokers had higher grade, stage, and worse outcomes. Rural @entity0 more often lacked commercial insurance, underwent less comprehensive surgical evaluation, and had less multimodality treatment. Increasing age (P<0.0001), positive or unknown smoking status (P=0.0003), black race (P<0.0001), no commercial insurance (P<0.0001), increasing grade or advanced stage (P<0.0001), small size of treating hospital (P<0.0001), and unknown nodal status (P<0.0001) were negatively associated with disease-specific survival. Lymph node sampling was performed in only 38.6% of @entity0 . On multivariate analysis, age ( @entity3 .38 for 10 year increments; P<0.0001), smoking ( @entity3 .38; P=0.008), no commercial insurance or Medicaid ( @entity3 .87; P=0.0007), rural residence (RR 0.77; P=0.011), advanced stage and grade (RR 7.96, 3.96; P<0.0001), and no nodal evaluation or unknown nodal status ( @entity4 .32, 2.51; P<0.0001) significantly effected disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support a trend toward a younger age for @entity2 diagnosis, confirm the adverse impact of smoking and socioeconomic factors, and demonstrate an association between incomplete surgical staging and decreased survival.

title: XXXX in Kentucky: the impact of age, smoking status, and rural residence.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Selection of a feasible sequence and schedule of @entity6 in combination with @entity5 for evaluation in @entity1 (EOC). @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with stages III-IV EOC or primary @entity3 without prior chemotherapy were assigned to consecutive cohorts evaluating a "forward" ( @entity6 day 1, @entity5 days 1-3), "reverse" ( @entity6 day 3, @entity5 days 1-3), or "extended reverse" sequence ( @entity6 day 5, @entity5 days 1-5). @entity0 received 4 cycles @entity6 - @entity5 followed by 4 cycles @entity6 - @entity4 . Feasibility was defined according to the cumulative proportion of @entity0 with dose-limiting events (DLEs) during the first four cycles. RESULTS: Sixty-eight @entity0 were enrolled across 5 cohorts. The forward sequence demonstrated unacceptable hematologic DLEs at the lowest @entity5 dose (0.75 mg/m2/day x 3 days). The reverse sequence was feasible at 1.25 mg/m2/day x 3 days, with only 1/15 @entity0 experiencing a DLE within 4 cycles, and 14/15 @entity0 were able to receive 4 subsequent cycles of @entity6 - @entity4 . The extended reverse sequence was associated with excessive DLEs at 1.00 mg/m2/day x 5 days. Prophylactic hematopoietic growth factors were not required. CONCLUSION: Higher doses of @entity5 could be safely administered with reduced @entity2 over multiple cycles using the reverse sequence, which was selected for phase III evaluation. The relative efficacy of the forward and reverse sequence is unknown.

title: Sequence dependence of hematologic toxicity using XXXX and @entity5 for primary therapy of @entity1 : a phase I study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: Selection of a feasible sequence and schedule of @entity6 in combination with @entity5 for evaluation in @entity1 (EOC). @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with stages III-IV EOC or primary @entity3 without prior chemotherapy were assigned to consecutive cohorts evaluating a "forward" ( @entity6 day 1, @entity5 days 1-3), "reverse" ( @entity6 day 3, @entity5 days 1-3), or "extended reverse" sequence ( @entity6 day 5, @entity5 days 1-5). @entity0 received 4 cycles @entity6 - @entity5 followed by 4 cycles @entity6 - @entity4 . Feasibility was defined according to the cumulative proportion of @entity0 with dose-limiting events (DLEs) during the first four cycles. RESULTS: Sixty-eight @entity0 were enrolled across 5 cohorts. The forward sequence demonstrated unacceptable hematologic DLEs at the lowest @entity5 dose (0.75 mg/m2/day x 3 days). The reverse sequence was feasible at 1.25 mg/m2/day x 3 days, with only 1/15 @entity0 experiencing a DLE within 4 cycles, and 14/15 @entity0 were able to receive 4 subsequent cycles of @entity6 - @entity4 . The extended reverse sequence was associated with excessive DLEs at 1.00 mg/m2/day x 5 days. Prophylactic hematopoietic growth factors were not required. CONCLUSION: Higher doses of @entity5 could be safely administered with reduced @entity2 over multiple cycles using the reverse sequence, which was selected for phase III evaluation. The relative efficacy of the forward and reverse sequence is unknown.

title: Sequence dependence of hematologic toxicity using @entity6 and XXXX for primary therapy of @entity1 : a phase I study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: Selection of a feasible sequence and schedule of @entity6 in combination with @entity5 for evaluation in @entity1 (EOC). @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with stages III-IV EOC or primary @entity3 without prior chemotherapy were assigned to consecutive cohorts evaluating a "forward" ( @entity6 day 1, @entity5 days 1-3), "reverse" ( @entity6 day 3, @entity5 days 1-3), or "extended reverse" sequence ( @entity6 day 5, @entity5 days 1-5). @entity0 received 4 cycles @entity6 - @entity5 followed by 4 cycles @entity6 - @entity4 . Feasibility was defined according to the cumulative proportion of @entity0 with dose-limiting events (DLEs) during the first four cycles. RESULTS: Sixty-eight @entity0 were enrolled across 5 cohorts. The forward sequence demonstrated unacceptable hematologic DLEs at the lowest @entity5 dose (0.75 mg/m2/day x 3 days). The reverse sequence was feasible at 1.25 mg/m2/day x 3 days, with only 1/15 @entity0 experiencing a DLE within 4 cycles, and 14/15 @entity0 were able to receive 4 subsequent cycles of @entity6 - @entity4 . The extended reverse sequence was associated with excessive DLEs at 1.00 mg/m2/day x 5 days. Prophylactic hematopoietic growth factors were not required. CONCLUSION: Higher doses of @entity5 could be safely administered with reduced @entity2 over multiple cycles using the reverse sequence, which was selected for phase III evaluation. The relative efficacy of the forward and reverse sequence is unknown.

title: Sequence dependence of hematologic toxicity using @entity6 and @entity5 for primary therapy of XXXX : a phase I study of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the behavior of @entity0 microbubbles outside and inside Kupffer cells during diagnostic ultrasound (US) examination, and to determine the thresholds of the acoustic pressure of different kinds of behavior. METHODS: Acoustic behavior of @entity0 microbubbles inside and outside Kupffer cells in an acoustic field induced by a clinical US transducer and equipment was optically observed in vitro. The acoustic pressure was measured simultaneously by a calibrated hydrophone and an oscilloscope. RESULTS: The acoustic behavior of microbubbles was optically categorized as stabilization, oscillation, transposition, shrinkage, and destruction. The @entity1 ( @entity1 ) displayed on the US equipment correlated well with the acoustic pressure at the level of microbubbles measured hydrophonically. At a frame rate of 15 Hz with a frequency of 3.5 MHz and pulse repetition frequency of 3 KHz, the thresholds in term of @entity1 for free microbubbles to begin oscillation, reach @entity2 , transposition, shrinkage, and destruction were 0.21, 0.44, 0.53, 0.75, and 1.03, respectively. Although adherent and phagocytosed microbubbles showed more stability enduring insonation compared with free microbubbles, the thresholds of shrinkage and destruction were @entity1 1.03 and 1.18 for adherent microbubbles, and 1.18 and 1.37 for phagocytosed microbubbles, respectively. Neither oscillation nor transposition of microbubbles inside Kupffer cells was observed microscopically. No cell damage because of microbubbles destruction was found in the present study. CONCLUSION: @entity0 microbubbles outside and inside Kupffer cells respond to external US insonation with same parameters of a clinical contrast-enhanced US study according to the acoustic pressure. Free microbubbles behave as stabilization, oscillation, transposition, shrinkage, and destruction under insonation. The adherent and phagocytosed microbubbles are more stable under insonation than free microbubbles, but still respond showing shrinkage and destruction when @entity1 is over 1.03.

title: Optical microscopic findings of the behavior of XXXX microbubbles outside and inside Kupffer cells during diagnostic ultrasound examination.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: Progressive resistance exercises (PRE) are prescribed to reverse the deconditioning associated with @entity2 . The spine rehabilitation program has utilized 2 sets of progressive resistance exercises during each session, with increased resistance between sets, and with successive sessions. Exercise literature has challenged the need for multiple sets of resistance exercises, with a single set producing similar functional benefits. The authors studied whether completing 1 versus 2 sets of resistance exercises would affect strength, @entity1 and disability outcomes in subjects with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: The study randomly assigned subjects with @entity4 to perform either 1 set or 2 sets of progressive resistance exercises during otherwise identical spine rehabilitation programs. The @entity0 sample included 100 subjects (36 male @entity0 , 64 female @entity0 , mean age 46 years) with @entity2 referred to spine rehabilitation. Primary outcomes were back strength and progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation (PILE) at discharge. Secondary outcomes were @entity3 (0-100) and @entity1 scores (0-10). Exercises consisted of @entity2 , rotary torso, pull downs, and multi-hip; lifting of crates from floor-to-waist (lumbar) and waist-to-shoulder (cervical) heights. The maximum levels of exercises were determined using a four repetition to maximum protocol, and the PILE. RESULTS: At discharge, there was no significant difference in strength, disability or @entity1 measures between subjects completing 1 versus 2 sets of resistance exercises. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that there were no added benefits for completing a second set of resistance exercises during therapy sessions for @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Randomized trial comparing the effects of one set vs two sets of resistance exercises for outpatients with XXXX and @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: Progressive resistance exercises (PRE) are prescribed to reverse the deconditioning associated with @entity2 . The spine rehabilitation program has utilized 2 sets of progressive resistance exercises during each session, with increased resistance between sets, and with successive sessions. Exercise literature has challenged the need for multiple sets of resistance exercises, with a single set producing similar functional benefits. The authors studied whether completing 1 versus 2 sets of resistance exercises would affect strength, @entity1 and disability outcomes in subjects with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: The study randomly assigned subjects with @entity4 to perform either 1 set or 2 sets of progressive resistance exercises during otherwise identical spine rehabilitation programs. The @entity0 sample included 100 subjects (36 male @entity0 , 64 female @entity0 , mean age 46 years) with @entity2 referred to spine rehabilitation. Primary outcomes were back strength and progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation (PILE) at discharge. Secondary outcomes were @entity3 (0-100) and @entity1 scores (0-10). Exercises consisted of @entity2 , rotary torso, pull downs, and multi-hip; lifting of crates from floor-to-waist (lumbar) and waist-to-shoulder (cervical) heights. The maximum levels of exercises were determined using a four repetition to maximum protocol, and the PILE. RESULTS: At discharge, there was no significant difference in strength, disability or @entity1 measures between subjects completing 1 versus 2 sets of resistance exercises. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that there were no added benefits for completing a second set of resistance exercises during therapy sessions for @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Randomized trial comparing the effects of one set vs two sets of resistance exercises for outpatients with @entity4 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: T-cell subsets and their activation state were examined by double-label immunofluorescence of cryostat tissue sections of the colon from 21 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and 30 histologically normal controls. Expression of MHC class I (HLA-A, B, C) and class II (HLA-D) antigens was studied in parallel. In the normal colonic mucosa, the @entity2 : @entity3 ratio in the epithelial compartment approximated 1:1, and in the lamina propria, 2.55:1. Of the @entity3 + (cytotoxic/suppressor) subset, approximately half did not express the @entity7 "pan-T" marker in either compartment. Virtually no @entity4 + cells were observed, implying that the @entity2 + subset consisted of helper, rather than suppressor-inducer cells. Classical markers of T-cell activation (CD25, HLA-D) and proliferation were absent, and strong expression of the @entity6 "immunostimulation" marker was approximately equal in both @entity2 and @entity3 subsets. The epithelium was uniformly negative for class II antigens, but positive for class I. In @entity1 , there were no significant alterations in @entity2 : @entity3 ratios in either compartment, and there were no changes with respect to phenotype of the subsets. In 11 of 19 @entity0 (mainly with total @entity5 ), enterocytes were HLA-D+. In this HLA-D+ group, there was an increase in the percentage of @entity2 + cells coexpressing @entity6 ; this difference was significant (P less than 0.02) in the lamina propria. Increased expression of @entity6 was also found by the @entity8 + T cell subset (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Colonic mucosal T lymphocytes in XXXX : expression of @entity6 antigen in relation to MHC class II (HLA-D) antigens.

answer: @entity1


abstract: T-cell subsets and their activation state were examined by double-label immunofluorescence of cryostat tissue sections of the colon from 21 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and 30 histologically normal controls. Expression of MHC class I (HLA-A, B, C) and class II (HLA-D) antigens was studied in parallel. In the normal colonic mucosa, the @entity2 : @entity3 ratio in the epithelial compartment approximated 1:1, and in the lamina propria, 2.55:1. Of the @entity3 + (cytotoxic/suppressor) subset, approximately half did not express the @entity7 "pan-T" marker in either compartment. Virtually no @entity4 + cells were observed, implying that the @entity2 + subset consisted of helper, rather than suppressor-inducer cells. Classical markers of T-cell activation (CD25, HLA-D) and proliferation were absent, and strong expression of the @entity6 "immunostimulation" marker was approximately equal in both @entity2 and @entity3 subsets. The epithelium was uniformly negative for class II antigens, but positive for class I. In @entity1 , there were no significant alterations in @entity2 : @entity3 ratios in either compartment, and there were no changes with respect to phenotype of the subsets. In 11 of 19 @entity0 (mainly with total @entity5 ), enterocytes were HLA-D+. In this HLA-D+ group, there was an increase in the percentage of @entity2 + cells coexpressing @entity6 ; this difference was significant (P less than 0.02) in the lamina propria. Increased expression of @entity6 was also found by the @entity8 + T cell subset (P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Colonic mucosal T lymphocytes in @entity1 : expression of XXXX antigen in relation to MHC class II (HLA-D) antigens.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: We developed a methodology using vital statistics to estimate the impact of @entity2 on the mortality of an entire population, and applied it to France for the period 2000-2004. METHODS: Current definitions of @entity2 were reviewed and their components identified. We used the International Classification of Diseases with national vital statistics data for the French adult population and performed cross-classifications between various components: age, sex, I-code (site) and E-code (mechanism of @entity1 ). This methodology allowed identification of appropriate thresholds and categorization for each pertinent component. RESULTS: 2,625,743 death certificates were analyzed, 2.2% of which carried a mention of @entity1 . @entity0 represented 55% of all deaths from @entity1 . Both sexes showed a similar pattern of mortality rates for all @entity1 sites, the rate increased with age from the age of 70 years. The E-high-energy code (present in 12% of death certificates with @entity1 ) was found to be useful to rule-out @entity2 , and to correct the overestimation of mortality rates. Using this methodology, the crude number of deaths associated with @entity1 was estimated to be 57,753 and the number associated with @entity2 46,849 (1.85% and 1.78% of all deaths, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity2 have a significant impact on overall population mortality.

title: Using vital statistics to estimate the population-level impact of XXXX on mortality based on death certificates, with an application to France (2000-2004).

answer: @entity2


abstract: After exposure to @entity2 ( @entity3 ), cells of the @entity4 cell line, HL-60, differentiate into macrophage-like cells. Within 24 h the cells adhere to the surface of the culture flask and increase production of nonspecific esterases. The intracellular concentration of the @entity1 proteases increases two- to threefold within 4 days and continues to increase as the cells develop into mature macrophages. The acid hydrolases, lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase, were secreted by the differentiated cells. Both the intracellular and extracellular concentrations of these enzymes continued to increase as the cells matured. The fully differentiated cells readily phagocytized opsonized @entity0 cells. Phagocytosis had little effect on the secretion of acid hydrolases, while intracellular proteases increased significantly. The fully differentiated HL-60 cells resembled normal macrophages regarding all parameters studied. Viability of the differentiated cells exceeded 50% when cultured for 30 days. Therefore, these cells should prove to be a useful tool for the study of macrophage function with respect to microorganisms that are resistant to destruction by phagocytic cells.

title: Long-term culturing of XXXX -induced differentiated HL-60 cells results in increased levels of lytic enzymes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Thermal inactivation of @entity4 liver @entity0 dehydrogenase (LADH) exhibits the following biphasic kinetics A = Afast.e-Kfast.t + Aslow.e-Kslow.t Where A is the per cent residual activity at time t,Afast and Aslow are amplitudes (expressed as % of initial activity) and kfast and kslow first-order rate constants of the fast and slow phases, respectively. For apoenzyme, Afast = Aslow = 50% of the initial activity under all conditions of temperature and pH. On the addition of a substrate or coenzyme ligand, there is a ligand concentration-dependent increase in per cent Aslow and a decrease in kslow. At sufficiently high ligand concentration, the entire time-course of inactivation can be described as a single exponential decay. The variations of per cent Aslow and of kslow with ligand concentration are consistent with the existence of two binding sites of different ligand affinities. Inactivation of LADH by excess @entity3 also exhibits a similar biphasic kinetics with Afast = Aslow = 50% of the initial activity. Addition of @entity2 or @entity5 + brings about a concentration-dependent decrease in kfast and kslow without affecting amplitudes of the two phases. The @entity5 concentration-dependence of this decrease is consistent with a single dissociation constant for the coenzyme. Inactivation of @entity1 @entity0 dehydrogenase by heat or excess @entity3 can be represented as a single exponential decay of activity under all conditions of temperature and pH in the absence as well as presence of @entity2 or @entity5 +. Implications of these results for the molecular symmetry of the two oligomeric enzymes in solution are discussed.

title: Effect of substrates and coenzymes on the molecular symmetry-related properties of @entity4 liver and @entity1 XXXX dehydrogenases.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Thermal inactivation of @entity4 liver @entity0 dehydrogenase (LADH) exhibits the following biphasic kinetics A = Afast.e-Kfast.t + Aslow.e-Kslow.t Where A is the per cent residual activity at time t,Afast and Aslow are amplitudes (expressed as % of initial activity) and kfast and kslow first-order rate constants of the fast and slow phases, respectively. For apoenzyme, Afast = Aslow = 50% of the initial activity under all conditions of temperature and pH. On the addition of a substrate or coenzyme ligand, there is a ligand concentration-dependent increase in per cent Aslow and a decrease in kslow. At sufficiently high ligand concentration, the entire time-course of inactivation can be described as a single exponential decay. The variations of per cent Aslow and of kslow with ligand concentration are consistent with the existence of two binding sites of different ligand affinities. Inactivation of LADH by excess @entity3 also exhibits a similar biphasic kinetics with Afast = Aslow = 50% of the initial activity. Addition of @entity2 or @entity5 + brings about a concentration-dependent decrease in kfast and kslow without affecting amplitudes of the two phases. The @entity5 concentration-dependence of this decrease is consistent with a single dissociation constant for the coenzyme. Inactivation of @entity1 @entity0 dehydrogenase by heat or excess @entity3 can be represented as a single exponential decay of activity under all conditions of temperature and pH in the absence as well as presence of @entity2 or @entity5 +. Implications of these results for the molecular symmetry of the two oligomeric enzymes in solution are discussed.

title: Effect of substrates and coenzymes on the molecular symmetry-related properties of XXXX liver and @entity1 @entity0 dehydrogenases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Thermal inactivation of @entity4 liver @entity0 dehydrogenase (LADH) exhibits the following biphasic kinetics A = Afast.e-Kfast.t + Aslow.e-Kslow.t Where A is the per cent residual activity at time t,Afast and Aslow are amplitudes (expressed as % of initial activity) and kfast and kslow first-order rate constants of the fast and slow phases, respectively. For apoenzyme, Afast = Aslow = 50% of the initial activity under all conditions of temperature and pH. On the addition of a substrate or coenzyme ligand, there is a ligand concentration-dependent increase in per cent Aslow and a decrease in kslow. At sufficiently high ligand concentration, the entire time-course of inactivation can be described as a single exponential decay. The variations of per cent Aslow and of kslow with ligand concentration are consistent with the existence of two binding sites of different ligand affinities. Inactivation of LADH by excess @entity3 also exhibits a similar biphasic kinetics with Afast = Aslow = 50% of the initial activity. Addition of @entity2 or @entity5 + brings about a concentration-dependent decrease in kfast and kslow without affecting amplitudes of the two phases. The @entity5 concentration-dependence of this decrease is consistent with a single dissociation constant for the coenzyme. Inactivation of @entity1 @entity0 dehydrogenase by heat or excess @entity3 can be represented as a single exponential decay of activity under all conditions of temperature and pH in the absence as well as presence of @entity2 or @entity5 +. Implications of these results for the molecular symmetry of the two oligomeric enzymes in solution are discussed.

title: Effect of substrates and coenzymes on the molecular symmetry-related properties of @entity4 liver and XXXX @entity0 dehydrogenases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was a long-term Doppler echocardiographic assessment of mitral valve repair for anterior @entity4 using expanded @entity3 sutures. METHODS: Between April 1992 and December 2003, we performed mitral valve repair using expanded @entity3 sutures in 204 @entity0 (mean age, 54.6 years) with severe @entity1 ( @entity1 ) having anterior @entity4 . The cause of @entity2 was degenerative in 181 @entity0 (88.7%). Postoperative serial transthoracic echocardiographic studies were performed in all hospital survivors. Residual @entity1 flow detected by color Doppler echocardiography was classified according to the maximum regurgitant jet area. RESULTS: The 30-day mortality of 204 @entity0 was 1.4% (3 deaths). There were 12 late deaths and 14 reoperations in this series. Kaplan-Meier survival and freedom from reoperation at 12 years were 84.6% +/- 4.0% and 89.9% +/- 2.9%, respectively. Postoperative transthoracic echocardiographic assessment after discharge (mean follow-up, 4.2 +/- 3.0 years) showed less than mild regurgitation (maximum regurgitant jet area < 4.0 cm2) in 80.9% of the @entity0 . Overall, freedom from severe @entity1 (maximum regurgitant jet area > or = 7.0 cm2) estimates at 12 years were 88.1% +/- 3.1%. Freedom from severe @entity1 at 12 years for 114 @entity0 with no @entity1 (maximum regurgitant jet area = 0 cm2) on intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography and 77 @entity0 with @entity1 was 95.3% +/- 2.1% and 82.9% +/- 5.1%, respectively (p = 0.033). CONCLUSIONS: Twelve-year echocardiographic follow-up demonstrates good long-term results of chordal replacement with expanded @entity3 sutures for anterior @entity4 . To avoid recurrence of regurgitation, a significantly high level of competence of the valve is essential in the repair of anterior @entity4 .

title: Mitral valve repair for anterior leaflet prolapse with expanded XXXX sutures.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 are the most common and aggressive form of @entity3 . Current therapy consists of surgical resection, followed by radiation therapy and concomitant chemotherapy. Despite these treatments, the prognosis for @entity0 is poor. As such, investigative therapies including @entity1 vaccines have targeted this devastating condition. Recent clinical trials involving immunotherapy, specifically dendritic cell (DC) based vaccines, have shown promising results. Overall, these vaccines are well tolerated with few documented side effects. In many @entity0 receiving vaccines, @entity1 progression was delayed and the median overall survival of these @entity0 was prolonged. Despite these encouraging results, several factors have limited the efficacy of DC vaccines. Here we discuss the potential of DC vaccines as adjuvant therapy and current obstacles of generating highly pure and potent DC vaccines in the context of @entity2 . Taken together, the results from earlier clinical studies justify additional clinical trials aimed at improving the efficacy of DC vaccines.

title: Therapeutic vaccines for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: For oral @entity1 tolerance test (OGTT) in @entity0 , multiple blood samples need to be taken within a few hours from conscious @entity0 . Today, a number of essential parameters may be analysed on very small amounts of plasma, thus reducing the number of animals to be used. It is, however, crucial to obtain high-quality plasma or serum in order to avoid increased data variation and thereby increased group sizes. The aim of this study was to find the most valid and reproducible method for withdrawal of blood samples when performing OGTT. Four methods, i.e. amputation of the tail tip, lateral tail incision, puncture of the tail tip and periorbital puncture, were selected for testing at 21 degrees C and 30 degrees C after a pilot study. For each method, four blood samples were drawn from C57BL/6 @entity0 at 30 min intervals. The presence of clots was registered, haemolysis was monitored spectrophotometrically at 430 nm, and it was noted whether it was possible to achieve 30-50 microL blood. Furthermore, a small amount of extra blood was sampled before and after the four samplings for testing of whether the sampling induced a blood @entity1 change over the 90 min test period. All methods resulted in acceptable amounts of plasma. Clots were observed in a sparse number of samples with no significant differences between the methods. Periorbital puncture did not lead to any haemolysed samples at all, and lateral tail incision resulted in only a few haemolysed samples, while puncture or amputation of the tail tip induced haemolysis in a significant number of samples. All methods, except for puncture of the tail tip, influenced blood @entity1 . Periorbital puncture resulted in a dramatic increase in blood @entity1 of up to 3.5 mmol/L indicating that it is stressful. Although lateral tail incision also had some impact on blood @entity1 , it seems to be the method of choice for OGTT, as it is likely to produce a clot-free non-haemolysed sample, while periorbital sampling, although producing a high quality of sample, induces such a dramatic change in blood @entity1 that it should not be applied for OGTT in @entity0 .

title: Quality of plasma sampled by different methods for multiple blood sampling in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Evidence has accumulated showing that active @entity1 species participate in at least one stage of @entity0 promotion. Tumor promoters can induce various types of cells to undergo processes that result in formation of active @entity1 species. They stimulate polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) to undergo an oxidative burst that is characterized by rapid formation of .O2- and @entity3 . We find that in vitro formation of @entity3 by @entity0 promoter-activated PMNs correlates with their in vivo first-stage promoting activity. Moreover, two @entity6 derivatives are formed in DNA coincubated with @entity0 promoter-stimulated PMNs: @entity10 ( @entity11 ) and @entity12 (dTG). The amounts of @entity11 and dTG formed correlate with the first-stage @entity0 -promoting potencies of the agents used for PMN stimulation and with the amount of @entity3 generated. We find that @entity11 is also formed in the DNA of HeLa cells coincubated with @entity4 ( @entity5 )-activated PMNs, with the amount of @entity11 being proportional to that of @entity5 used. Even in the absence of PMNs, @entity11 is increasingly formed in cellular DNA with increased @entity5 concentration, although at much lower levels than in the presence of PMNs. When @entity2 liver microsomes are incubated with @entity7 ( @entity8 ), a complete carcinogen, @entity3 is also generated. Production of @entity3 increases linearly with increasing concentrations of @entity8 . Furthermore, @entity11 is formed in DNA exposed to @entity8 -treated microsomes, and its formation is inhibited by catalase. These results suggest that carcinogen-induced processes generating @entity3 are associated with the first-stage promoting @entity9 .

title: Oxidation of DNA bases by XXXX promoter-activated processes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The non-invasive faecal sampling and RIA was used to measure faecal equivalents of @entity3 (T), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity0 -17beta (E2) and @entity6 (P4) in juvenile and adult @entity9 males. Possible connections of diurnal and seasonal changes of sexual @entity2 levels and display activity were studied. Correlations were found between sexual @entity2 equivalent levels of faeces and display activity and agonistic behaviour in the different phases of annual cycle of adult males. In early display period increasing levels of @entity8 were measured, during main display period very high @entity4 dominance was observable against E2 and P4. During postnuptial moult strong T decrease and @entity7 and P4 increase were detected. Elevation of E2 was measured during wintering. In juveniles level of @entity7 was higher than level of T suggesting its importance in immature males. @entity5 was detected between reproductive period and postnuptial moult and @entity7 between reproduction and wintering, accompanying with E2 elevation. The inhibiting effect of inclement weather on gonad functions also was detected in our study. We suppose that the unexpected cold weather with strong wind depressed the levels of @entity8 both in juveniles and adults and the @entity1 was also detected.

title: Display activity and seasonality of faecal sexual steroids in male XXXX ( @entity9 L.).

answer: @entity9


abstract: The non-invasive faecal sampling and RIA was used to measure faecal equivalents of @entity3 (T), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity0 -17beta (E2) and @entity6 (P4) in juvenile and adult @entity9 males. Possible connections of diurnal and seasonal changes of sexual @entity2 levels and display activity were studied. Correlations were found between sexual @entity2 equivalent levels of faeces and display activity and agonistic behaviour in the different phases of annual cycle of adult males. In early display period increasing levels of @entity8 were measured, during main display period very high @entity4 dominance was observable against E2 and P4. During postnuptial moult strong T decrease and @entity7 and P4 increase were detected. Elevation of E2 was measured during wintering. In juveniles level of @entity7 was higher than level of T suggesting its importance in immature males. @entity5 was detected between reproductive period and postnuptial moult and @entity7 between reproduction and wintering, accompanying with E2 elevation. The inhibiting effect of inclement weather on gonad functions also was detected in our study. We suppose that the unexpected cold weather with strong wind depressed the levels of @entity8 both in juveniles and adults and the @entity1 was also detected.

title: Display activity and seasonality of faecal sexual steroids in male @entity9 ( XXXX L.).

answer: @entity9


abstract: The advantages of laparoscopic over open surgery have been documented in nonblinded settings. Our prospective, double-blind setting evaluated @entity1 scores 72 h after surgery by comparing @entity0 who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy or with laparotomy. Forty @entity0 referred for conservative myomectomy were included in the study. After stratification ( @entity3 size, number of @entity3 , and surgeon), @entity0 were randomized to either laparoscopy (n = 19) or laparotomy (n = 21) and received a standardized anesthesia and @entity0 -controlled analgesia for 24 h after surgery. Identical wound dressings were applied to blind the @entity0 and the observer to the surgical approach. The @entity2 scores were documented on a visual analog scale (VAS; 0 = no and 10 = unbearable @entity1 ) at 24, 48, and 72 h after surgery. As the primary outcome variable, we calculated the mean overall VAS-score at these time points. P < 0.05 (t-test and analysis of covariance) was considered statistically significant. There were no differences in @entity0 characteristics among the groups. The mean overall VAS score at 24, 48, and 72 h was statistically significantly lower in the laparoscopic group compared with the laparotomy group (2.28 +/- 1.38 versus 4.03 +/- 1.63; P < 0.01). Our data demonstrate, for the first time in a double-blind setting, that laparoscopic myomectomy reduces @entity2 for 72 h after surgery compared with laparotomy.

title: Laparoscopic versus open myomectomy: a double-blind study to evaluate XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine pediatricians' attitudes about the @entity3 ) vaccine and to compare their attitudes with those expressed by the general public. METHODS: Eight-hundred and fifty pediatricians from the American Academy of Pediatrics were surveyed, including general pediatricians (n = 450), and members of the sections of adolescent medicine (n = 200) and @entity2 (n = 200). Pediatricians were asked to answer four items that had been included on a Wall Street Journal (WSJ) poll of the general public shortly after the HPV vaccine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration. RESULTS: Of 752 eligible pediatricians, 373 (50%) responded. Compared to the general public, pediatricians were less likely to agree that routine Papanicolaou smears are a better strategy for preventing @entity1 than HPV vaccination (12% vs 45%, P < 0.001), that abstinence programs are a better strategy for preventing the spread of HPV (17% vs 44%, P < 0.001), and that HPV vaccination may encourage sexual activity (4% vs 27%, P < 0.001). Pediatricians were more likely to support HPV vaccination without parental permission (77% vs 47%, P < 0.001). There were no differences between pediatricians based on gender. General pediatricians were more likely than pediatricians affiliated with the sections of @entity2 and adolescent medicine to endorse abstinence programs over HPV vaccination (22% vs 16% and 8%, respectively, P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Pediatricians are much more supportive of HPV vaccination than the general public. Pediatricians should be aware of these differences when counseling @entity0 and their families.

title: Pediatricians are more supportive of the XXXX vaccine than the general public.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Aging and disease may make elderly @entity0 particularly susceptible to @entity2 during spinal anesthesia. We compared the hemodynamic effect of continuous spinal anesthesia (CSA) and small dose single injection spinal anesthesia (SA) regarding the incidence of @entity2 . Seventy-four @entity0 aged >75 yr undergoing surgical repair of @entity1 were randomized into 2 groups of 37 @entity0 each. Group CSA received a continuous spinal anesthetic with a titration of 2.5 mg boluses every 15 min of isobaric @entity3 , while group SA received a single injection spinal anesthetic with 7.5 mg of isobaric @entity3 . The overall variations in noninvasive automated arterial blood pressure were not statistically significantly different in the 2 groups at baseline and after CSA or SA (not significant). In the SA group, 68% of @entity0 experienced at least one episode of @entity2 ( @entity2 greater than 20% of baseline value) versus 31% of @entity0 in the CSA group (P = 0.005). In the SA group, 51% of @entity0 experienced at least one episode of severe @entity2 ( @entity2 more than 30% of baseline value) versus 8% of @entity0 in the CSA group (P < 0.0001). In the CSA group, 4.5 +/- 2 mg of @entity4 was injected versus 11 +/- 2 mg in the SA group (P = 0.005). In the CSA group, 5 mg (2.5-10) of anesthetic solution was required versus 7.5 mg in the SA group (P < 0.0001). We conclude that, in elderly @entity0 undergoing @entity1 repair, CSA provides fewer episodes of @entity2 and severe @entity2 compared with a single intrathecal injection of 7.5 mg @entity3 .

title: Spinal anesthesia using single injection small-dose @entity3 versus continuous catheter injection techniques for surgical repair of XXXX in elderly @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Aging and disease may make elderly @entity0 particularly susceptible to @entity2 during spinal anesthesia. We compared the hemodynamic effect of continuous spinal anesthesia (CSA) and small dose single injection spinal anesthesia (SA) regarding the incidence of @entity2 . Seventy-four @entity0 aged >75 yr undergoing surgical repair of @entity1 were randomized into 2 groups of 37 @entity0 each. Group CSA received a continuous spinal anesthetic with a titration of 2.5 mg boluses every 15 min of isobaric @entity3 , while group SA received a single injection spinal anesthetic with 7.5 mg of isobaric @entity3 . The overall variations in noninvasive automated arterial blood pressure were not statistically significantly different in the 2 groups at baseline and after CSA or SA (not significant). In the SA group, 68% of @entity0 experienced at least one episode of @entity2 ( @entity2 greater than 20% of baseline value) versus 31% of @entity0 in the CSA group (P = 0.005). In the SA group, 51% of @entity0 experienced at least one episode of severe @entity2 ( @entity2 more than 30% of baseline value) versus 8% of @entity0 in the CSA group (P < 0.0001). In the CSA group, 4.5 +/- 2 mg of @entity4 was injected versus 11 +/- 2 mg in the SA group (P = 0.005). In the CSA group, 5 mg (2.5-10) of anesthetic solution was required versus 7.5 mg in the SA group (P < 0.0001). We conclude that, in elderly @entity0 undergoing @entity1 repair, CSA provides fewer episodes of @entity2 and severe @entity2 compared with a single intrathecal injection of 7.5 mg @entity3 .

title: Spinal anesthesia using single injection small-dose XXXX versus continuous catheter injection techniques for surgical repair of @entity1 in elderly @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Aging and disease may make elderly @entity0 particularly susceptible to @entity2 during spinal anesthesia. We compared the hemodynamic effect of continuous spinal anesthesia (CSA) and small dose single injection spinal anesthesia (SA) regarding the incidence of @entity2 . Seventy-four @entity0 aged >75 yr undergoing surgical repair of @entity1 were randomized into 2 groups of 37 @entity0 each. Group CSA received a continuous spinal anesthetic with a titration of 2.5 mg boluses every 15 min of isobaric @entity3 , while group SA received a single injection spinal anesthetic with 7.5 mg of isobaric @entity3 . The overall variations in noninvasive automated arterial blood pressure were not statistically significantly different in the 2 groups at baseline and after CSA or SA (not significant). In the SA group, 68% of @entity0 experienced at least one episode of @entity2 ( @entity2 greater than 20% of baseline value) versus 31% of @entity0 in the CSA group (P = 0.005). In the SA group, 51% of @entity0 experienced at least one episode of severe @entity2 ( @entity2 more than 30% of baseline value) versus 8% of @entity0 in the CSA group (P < 0.0001). In the CSA group, 4.5 +/- 2 mg of @entity4 was injected versus 11 +/- 2 mg in the SA group (P = 0.005). In the CSA group, 5 mg (2.5-10) of anesthetic solution was required versus 7.5 mg in the SA group (P < 0.0001). We conclude that, in elderly @entity0 undergoing @entity1 repair, CSA provides fewer episodes of @entity2 and severe @entity2 compared with a single intrathecal injection of 7.5 mg @entity3 .

title: Spinal anesthesia using single injection small-dose @entity3 versus continuous catheter injection techniques for surgical repair of @entity1 in elderly XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules that regulate cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. MiRNAs are expressed in a developmentally regulated and tissue-specific manner. Aberrant expression may contribute to pathological processes such as @entity1 , and miRNA may therefore serve as biomarkers that may be useful in a clinical environment for diagnosis of @entity2 . Most miRNA profiling studies have used fresh tissue samples. However, in some types of @entity1 , including malignant @entity4 , fresh material is difficult to obtain from @entity1 , and most surgical specimens are @entity5 fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE). To explore whether FFPE material would be suitable for miRNA profiling in @entity3 , we compared miRNA expression patterns in FFPE versus fresh frozen samples, obtained from 15 @entity0 @entity6 . Out of microarray data, we identified 84 miRNAs that were expressed in both types of samples and represented an miRNA profile of @entity6 . Our results showed a high correlation in miRNA expression (Spearman r-value of 0.80) between paired FFPE and fresh frozen material. The data were further validated by quantitative RT-PCR. In conclusion, FFPE specimens of @entity3 are suitable as a source for miRNA microarray profiling.

title: MicroRNA expression in XXXX : the usefulness of @entity5 -fixed, paraffin-embedded material for miRNA microarray profiling.

answer: @entity6


abstract: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNA molecules that regulate cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. MiRNAs are expressed in a developmentally regulated and tissue-specific manner. Aberrant expression may contribute to pathological processes such as @entity1 , and miRNA may therefore serve as biomarkers that may be useful in a clinical environment for diagnosis of @entity2 . Most miRNA profiling studies have used fresh tissue samples. However, in some types of @entity1 , including malignant @entity4 , fresh material is difficult to obtain from @entity1 , and most surgical specimens are @entity5 fixed and paraffin embedded (FFPE). To explore whether FFPE material would be suitable for miRNA profiling in @entity3 , we compared miRNA expression patterns in FFPE versus fresh frozen samples, obtained from 15 @entity0 @entity6 . Out of microarray data, we identified 84 miRNAs that were expressed in both types of samples and represented an miRNA profile of @entity6 . Our results showed a high correlation in miRNA expression (Spearman r-value of 0.80) between paired FFPE and fresh frozen material. The data were further validated by quantitative RT-PCR. In conclusion, FFPE specimens of @entity3 are suitable as a source for miRNA microarray profiling.

title: MicroRNA expression in @entity6 : the usefulness of XXXX -fixed, paraffin-embedded material for miRNA microarray profiling.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Surgery is a definite treatment for @entity1 by resecting the @entity1 . Surgeon not only aims to cure the @entity0 but aims to relieve distressing symptoms as well. Unfortunately, @entity0 may suffer adverse consequences from such surgery. The operative dissection of the rectum may damage the pelvic autonomic nerves disturbing bladder and sexual function. The construction of a permanent colostomy following an abdominoperineal resection may be associated with one or more physical problems as well as clinically significant psychosocial problems as well. The advances in knowledge of @entity1 biology and the improvements of surgical techniques and devices result in an increasing number of sphincter saving procedures such as low anterior resection. Although avoiding permanent stoma is generally regarded as a favorable outcome measure, @entity0 undergoing sphincter-saving surgery may develop a number of unpleasant symptoms, typically fecal soiling and urgency, especially with low @entity2 . It is evident that the consequences of rectal surgery have an important bearing on quality of life. Although differences in definition exist, quality of life may be regarded as representing an individual's ability to carry out daily activities, as well as satisfaction with personal performance and with balance between disease control and adverse effects of treatment. In addition to traditional endpoints, such as survival and disease recurrences, assessing quality of life is necessary to provide a proper, comprehensive understanding of the outcome of surgery and other forms of treatment.

title: [The quality of life after XXXX surgery].

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of umbilical cord serum eyedrops for the treatment of severe @entity2 . METHODS: Fifty-five eyes of 31 @entity0 with severe @entity2 were treated with umbilical cord serum eyedrops. Symptom scoring, tear film break-up time (BUT), Schirmer test, corneal sensitivity test, and corneal @entity3 staining were performed before and 1 and 2 months after treatment, and conjunctival impression cytology was performed before and 2 months after treatment. The concentrations of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity1 , and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) in umbilical cord serum and normal peripheral blood serum were measured. RESULTS: Two months after treatment, significant improvement was observed in symptom score (from 3.07 +/- 0.54 to 0.96 +/- 0. 58), BUT (from 3.96 +/- 1.56 to 5.45 +/- 2.54 seconds), and keratoepitheliopathy score (from 4.87 +/- 3.22 to 1.71 +/- 1.84) (P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant change in Schirmer and corneal sensitivity tests. In impression cytology, the grade of @entity4 (from 2.35 +/- 0.72 to 1.44 +/- 0.69) and goblet cell density (from 80.91 +/- 31.53 to 154.68 +/- 43.06 cell/mm) improved significantly (P < 0.01). The mean concentrations of @entity5 , TGF-beta, and @entity1 were 0.48 +/- 0.09, 57.14 +/- 18.98, and 230.85 +/- 13.39 ng/mL in umbilical cord serum and 0.14 +/- 0.03, 31.30 +/- 12.86, and 372.34 +/- 22.32 ng/mL in peripheral blood serum, respectively. CONCLUSION: Umbilical cord serum contains essential tear components, and umbilical cord serum eyedrops are effective and safe for the treatment of severe @entity2 .

title: Application of umbilical cord serum eyedrops for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: We present a discussion of the management of @entity1 and the factors that influence the choice of surgical approach based on our experience and a review of the literature. METHODS: Data of 41 @entity0 with @entity1 treated between 1996 and 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: A total of 29 @entity0 and 12 @entity0 between 15 and 56 years of age (mean age 34) were included in the study. Twenty-one @entity0 had penetrating injuries and 20 @entity0 had @entity2 . The diagnosis was done preoperatively in 21 cases and intraoperatively in 20 cases. Thoracotomy was used in 23 cases, laparotomy in 11 cases, laparotomy-thoracotomy in 5 cases, sternotomy-laparotomy in 1 case, and sternotomy in 1 case. Emergency surgery was performed in 30 cases. Five cases were operated within 24 hours after admission to the emergency department. In 6 cases, surgery was performed 6 months to 4 years after the initial @entity1 . The mortality rate was 14.6 % and the operative morbidity was 2.4 %. CONCLUSION: A high index of suspect is vital for the diagnosis of @entity1 in an emergency setting. The type of approach is closely related to the associated injuries.

title: XXXX : a surgical challenge. Report of forty-one cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Radish (Raphanus sativus) is a food plant known worldwide. From antiquity it has been used in folk medicine as a natural drug against many toxicants. @entity5 (zen) is a non-steroidal estrogenic mycotoxin present in @entity2 and food mixture for farm animals and it is hepatotoxic, hematotoxic, immunotoxic, nephrotoxic and genotoxic. The objectives of the present study were to assess the biological activity of radish extract and to evaluate the protective role of radish extract against the @entity1 of zen in female Balb/c @entity0 . Animals were divided into seven groups and treated orally for 10 days as follows: a control, an olive oil group, groups treated with radish extract alone (5, 10 and 15 mg kg(-1) b.w.), a group treated with zen (40 mg kg(-1) b.w.) and a group treated with zen plus the lowest dose of radish extract. The results indicate that radish extract improved the antioxidant status and had no significant effects on hematological and biochemical parameters tested or histology of the liver and kidney. Treatment with zen results in a significant increase in @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity6 , BILT, BILD, CRE accompanied with significant changes in most of hematological parameters and the antioxidant enzyme activities, co-treatment of zen and the radish extract results in a significant reestablishment of hematological, serum biochemical parameters, and the histology of the liver and kidney. These findings suggest that radish extract is safe and can be overcome or, at least, significantly diminish zen effects.

title: Tunisian radish extract (Raphanus sativus) enhances the antioxidant status and protects against oxidative stress induced by XXXX in Balb/c @entity0 .

answer: @entity5