abstract: Fried ground beef contains substances that inhibit mutagenesis in bacteria and the initiation of epidermal @entity2 in @entity1 by @entity7 ( @entity3 ). The inhibitors apparently act at least in part via inhibition of @entity9 activity. A highly purified fraction that inhibited @entity9 activity in vitro was isolated by HPLC and characterized by GC-MS, and by UV and proton NMR spectroscopy. The fraction contained four isomeric derivatives of @entity8 each containing a conjugated double-bond system (designated @entity10 ). Synthetically prepared @entity10 (containing all four isomers) was tested for anti-initiation activity in the two-stage @entity1 epidermal @entity2 system. Seven days, 3 days and 5 min prior to @entity3 application, @entity10 was applied at doses of 20, 20 and 10 mg respectively. Control @entity1 were treated similarly with @entity8 or solvent ( @entity6 ). One week after initiation, and twice weekly thereafter, all @entity1 were treated with @entity4 to effect @entity0 promotion. There was no difference in @entity0 incidence or yield between @entity8 -treated @entity1 and solvent-treated control @entity1 . By contrast, the @entity10 -treated @entity1 developed only about half as many @entity5 and exhibited a lower @entity0 incidence compared with the control @entity1 .

title: Anticarcinogens from fried ground beef: heat-altered derivatives of XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study was undertaken to assess the validity of vaginal fetal fibronectin assay as a screening test for spontaneous @entity1 in asymptomatic @entity0 who have undergone multifetal pregnancy reduction (MFPR). STUDY DESIGN: A historic cohort of 63 @entity0 who underwent MFPR between 10 and 14 weeks of gestation was identified. All @entity0 underwent serial vaginal fetal fibronectin sampling every 2 to 3 weeks from 22 weeks of gestation until delivery or 32 weeks of gestation. The fetal fibronectin concentration was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, with 50 ng/mL or greater indicating a positive result. Charts were reviewed for fetal fibronectin results and pregnancy outcome data. Groups were compared by use of Fisher exact test. RESULTS: There were 13 singleton and 50 twin gestations after MFPR. A median of 4 fetal fibronectin assays were performed per @entity0 . A total of 234 fetal fibronectin assays were performed with 222 (94.9%) negative results and 12 (5.1%) positive results. Overall, 41.3% of gestations were delivered spontaneously before 37 weeks; 7.9% were delivered before 34 weeks. The mean interval between tests was 17.8 days (+/-7.2 days). For delivery within 2 and 3 weeks of a single test, fetal fibronectin had a sensitivity of 66.7% and 50%, a specificity of 95.7% and 96.1%, a positive predictive value of 16.7% and 25%, and a negative predictive value of 99.5% and 98.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The fetal fibronectin test has similar validity to predict spontaneous @entity1 in these high-risk pregnancies as in previously published cohorts.

title: Vaginal fetal fibronectin as a predictor of spontaneous XXXX after multifetal pregnancy reduction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In this study of @entity5 , the authors have considered the pedunculated or sessile type of cephalocele and also small nonpedunculated scalp defects developing in the vertex midline. Parietal cephaloceles were found in 15 @entity0 (10 @entity0 and five @entity0 ), and accounted for 37.5% of all cephaloceles. They consisted of four @entity5 , six meningoceles, and five @entity5 . The clinical and morphological characteristics of parietal cephaloceles were investigated and compared with those arising at other locations. Parietal cephaloceles carried a much less favorable prognosis than those in the occipital region, regardless of the type of cephalocele; they were associated with @entity4 more frequently and were more severe than occipital cephaloceles. Grave @entity2 were found in 87% of @entity0 with parietal cephalocele, and only two @entity0 (neither of whom had any other @entity3 ) attained normal development. @entity1 were closely related to the site from which the cephalocele issued, and @entity3 was found in eight @entity0 with parietal cephalocele. Two types of @entity5 were found, each in a different location. The first type was an alopecic lesion occurring in the parietal midline; all five @entity0 with this type had @entity3 and none developed normally. The second type was a nodular lesion developing at the occipital midline, not associated with @entity4 ; all five @entity0 with this type showed normal development. The pathogenesis of @entity5 and their associated intracranial @entity3 are discussed.

title: Parietal cephalocele: clinical importance of its atretic form and associated XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined risk factors of smoking and the association between smoking and pregnancy-related and 6-month @entity0 mortality in rural Nepal, where 30% @entity0 reported smoking during pregnancy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of risk factors associated with smoking status and health consequences of smoking, using prospective data collected as part of a randomized community trial to examine the effect of maternal @entity5 or @entity6 supplementation on maternal mortality. SETTING: Rural, southeastern plains of Nepal. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 17 767 @entity0 contributed at least one pregnancy during 3.5 y of the study. Data on cigarette or bidi (rolled @entity3 ) smoking were collected using a 7-day recall, twice during pregnancy. Associations between smoking status and maternal diet, morbidity profile, household socioeconomic status and serum concentration of @entity5 , carotenoids and @entity8 were examined. Further, relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to estimate supplement effects on pregnancy-related mortality, stratified by smoking status during pregnancy. RESULTS: Smokers were more likely to be older, illiterate and poor compared to nonsmokers. Fruit and vegetable consumption among smokers and nonsmokers did not vary. However, smokers were more likely to consume meat/fish/eggs and less likely to consume milk than nonsmokers. They were also more likely to report symptoms of @entity7 , @entity1 , severe @entity2 and @entity4 during pregnancy relative to nonsmokers. Mortality per 100,000 pregnancies appeared to be higher among smokers than nonsmokers in the placebo group (915 vs 584, RR=1.57, 95% CI: 0.80-3.08). @entity6 supplementation reduced pregnancy-related mortality both among smokers (RR=0.31 95% CI: 0.11-0.89) and nonsmokers (RR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.19-0.89). Similar results obtained with @entity5 supplementation were not statistically significant. @entity0 mortality up to 6 months was approximately 30% higher among smokers compared to nonsmokers in the placebo group both before and after adjusting for confounding factors. Neither supplement given to @entity0 reduced @entity0 mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of maternal and @entity0 mortality in rural Nepal. @entity6 and to some extent @entity5 may reduce the risk of pregnancy-related mortality, but not @entity0 mortality, among both smokers and nonsmokers.

title: Cigarette smoking during pregnancy in rural Nepal. Risk factors and effects of XXXX and @entity5 supplementation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined risk factors of smoking and the association between smoking and pregnancy-related and 6-month @entity0 mortality in rural Nepal, where 30% @entity0 reported smoking during pregnancy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of risk factors associated with smoking status and health consequences of smoking, using prospective data collected as part of a randomized community trial to examine the effect of maternal @entity5 or @entity6 supplementation on maternal mortality. SETTING: Rural, southeastern plains of Nepal. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: A total of 17 767 @entity0 contributed at least one pregnancy during 3.5 y of the study. Data on cigarette or bidi (rolled @entity3 ) smoking were collected using a 7-day recall, twice during pregnancy. Associations between smoking status and maternal diet, morbidity profile, household socioeconomic status and serum concentration of @entity5 , carotenoids and @entity8 were examined. Further, relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to estimate supplement effects on pregnancy-related mortality, stratified by smoking status during pregnancy. RESULTS: Smokers were more likely to be older, illiterate and poor compared to nonsmokers. Fruit and vegetable consumption among smokers and nonsmokers did not vary. However, smokers were more likely to consume meat/fish/eggs and less likely to consume milk than nonsmokers. They were also more likely to report symptoms of @entity7 , @entity1 , severe @entity2 and @entity4 during pregnancy relative to nonsmokers. Mortality per 100,000 pregnancies appeared to be higher among smokers than nonsmokers in the placebo group (915 vs 584, RR=1.57, 95% CI: 0.80-3.08). @entity6 supplementation reduced pregnancy-related mortality both among smokers (RR=0.31 95% CI: 0.11-0.89) and nonsmokers (RR=0.41, 95% CI: 0.19-0.89). Similar results obtained with @entity5 supplementation were not statistically significant. @entity0 mortality up to 6 months was approximately 30% higher among smokers compared to nonsmokers in the placebo group both before and after adjusting for confounding factors. Neither supplement given to @entity0 reduced @entity0 mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarette smoking during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of maternal and @entity0 mortality in rural Nepal. @entity6 and to some extent @entity5 may reduce the risk of pregnancy-related mortality, but not @entity0 mortality, among both smokers and nonsmokers.

title: Cigarette smoking during pregnancy in rural Nepal. Risk factors and effects of @entity6 and XXXX supplementation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity4 is now recognized more frequently in the pediatric age group. Caval interruption is indicated most commonly for prophylaxis against life-threatening or recurrent @entity3 ( @entity3 ) when anticoagulation is ineffective or contraindicated. Greenfield vena caval filters have been utilized locally in 415 adult @entity0 with 97% long-term patency and 5% recurrent embolization. Its application in adolescents is reported herein. Standard adult (30-mm) vena caval filters were placed in ten @entity0 , ages 13 to 18. Four filters were required following @entity3 , six were used for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) when anticoagulation was contraindicated, and one was inserted prophylactically. In eight @entity0 , filter insertion was accomplished with local anesthesia, while two underwent filter placement under general anesthesia administered for other procedures. One filter was misplaced into the right renal vein, requiring a second filter insertion. All @entity0 have been followed from 1 to 11 years with yearly vascular duplex imaging and radionuclide venograms documenting caval patency without clinical @entity1 . This duplicates the adult experience in safety and efficacy. As recognition of @entity4 becomes more frequent in the pediatric age group, safe caval interruption may be necessary for those excluded from or not responsive to anticoagulation. This technique may be extended to smaller @entity0 with miniaturization of both filter and carrier.

title: Use of the Greenfield filter in adolescents for @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 is now recognized more frequently in the pediatric age group. Caval interruption is indicated most commonly for prophylaxis against life-threatening or recurrent @entity3 ( @entity3 ) when anticoagulation is ineffective or contraindicated. Greenfield vena caval filters have been utilized locally in 415 adult @entity0 with 97% long-term patency and 5% recurrent embolization. Its application in adolescents is reported herein. Standard adult (30-mm) vena caval filters were placed in ten @entity0 , ages 13 to 18. Four filters were required following @entity3 , six were used for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) when anticoagulation was contraindicated, and one was inserted prophylactically. In eight @entity0 , filter insertion was accomplished with local anesthesia, while two underwent filter placement under general anesthesia administered for other procedures. One filter was misplaced into the right renal vein, requiring a second filter insertion. All @entity0 have been followed from 1 to 11 years with yearly vascular duplex imaging and radionuclide venograms documenting caval patency without clinical @entity1 . This duplicates the adult experience in safety and efficacy. As recognition of @entity4 becomes more frequent in the pediatric age group, safe caval interruption may be necessary for those excluded from or not responsive to anticoagulation. This technique may be extended to smaller @entity0 with miniaturization of both filter and carrier.

title: Use of the Greenfield filter in adolescents for XXXX and @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Soft tissue @entity2 may be acute or chronic and may be introduced by the haematogenous route, or by inoculation, including surgical @entity2 , or spread from other areas. The spectrum of infecting organism differs in @entity2 , in @entity3 or when foreign bodies, including prostheses, are present. @entity8 are usually more rapid than those due to fungi or atypical organisms. Inflammation usually begins as @entity9 , proceeding through @entity1 to cavitation and @entity6 formation, sometimes complicated by @entity4 . Imaging, apart from @entity12 in selected cases, is rarely helpful in the early stages, but early diagnosis of @entity11 and @entity1 is mandatory. When @entity2 is established, US, CT and @entity12 all have individual value in diagnosis, including biopsy, and in directing therapy, including percutaneous or surgical drainage or debridement. Both @entity12 and CT are best suited to monitoring progress. @entity10 presents as rapidly progressive, @entity5 , and early diagnosis is essential to prevent long-term morbidity. Ultrasound offers the best method of detecting @entity7 and @entity13 , but aspiration is usually required for diagnosis. In more advanced stages CT is valuable for revealing destructive changes, and @entity12 for documenting intra-articular changes and detecting @entity0 in surrounding bone.

title: Soft tissue and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 with advanced @entity2 , administration of effective osmolar agents may lead to @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity3 , and intravascular expansion. To our knowledge, osmolar effects of contrast agents in @entity0 with advanced @entity2 have not been previously elucidated. METHODS: This retrospective case series includes 5 @entity0 with advanced @entity2 who underwent diagnostic and/or therapeutic cardiac catheterization and developed @entity6 . Blood chemistry tests were performed before and after the procedure. @entity6 is defined as a plasma @entity5 concentration less than 135 mEq/L (mmol/L). RESULTS: Mean precontrast and postcontrast @entity5 levels were 138.6 mEq/L (mmol/L) and 122.6 mEq/L (mmol/L), respectively. Plasma @entity4 levels increased after contrast exposure. There was no difference in degree of @entity9 between @entity0 with and without @entity1 . Plasma @entity8 levels were noted to decrease after contrast exposure in 4 of 5 @entity0 , with the exception of a @entity0 undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. There was a strong correlation between dose of contrast administered and change in @entity5 level, with a correlation coefficient of 0.91. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that large volumes of contrast may result in hypertonic @entity6 through a dual effect of exogenous fluid dilution and translocation. The fluid translocated from intracellular to extracellular spaces may lead to a decrease in @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity8 levels. All @entity0 developed @entity9 , which may be caused by solvent drag and/or passive diffusion, in addition to impaired excretory capacity. @entity0 with advanced @entity2 exposed to large volumes of contrast should be monitored for osmolar-induced chemical changes so that timely postcontrast dialytic therapy can be instituted.

title: Contrast-induced translocational @entity6 and @entity9 in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 with advanced @entity2 , administration of effective osmolar agents may lead to @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity3 , and intravascular expansion. To our knowledge, osmolar effects of contrast agents in @entity0 with advanced @entity2 have not been previously elucidated. METHODS: This retrospective case series includes 5 @entity0 with advanced @entity2 who underwent diagnostic and/or therapeutic cardiac catheterization and developed @entity6 . Blood chemistry tests were performed before and after the procedure. @entity6 is defined as a plasma @entity5 concentration less than 135 mEq/L (mmol/L). RESULTS: Mean precontrast and postcontrast @entity5 levels were 138.6 mEq/L (mmol/L) and 122.6 mEq/L (mmol/L), respectively. Plasma @entity4 levels increased after contrast exposure. There was no difference in degree of @entity9 between @entity0 with and without @entity1 . Plasma @entity8 levels were noted to decrease after contrast exposure in 4 of 5 @entity0 , with the exception of a @entity0 undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. There was a strong correlation between dose of contrast administered and change in @entity5 level, with a correlation coefficient of 0.91. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that large volumes of contrast may result in hypertonic @entity6 through a dual effect of exogenous fluid dilution and translocation. The fluid translocated from intracellular to extracellular spaces may lead to a decrease in @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity8 levels. All @entity0 developed @entity9 , which may be caused by solvent drag and/or passive diffusion, in addition to impaired excretory capacity. @entity0 with advanced @entity2 exposed to large volumes of contrast should be monitored for osmolar-induced chemical changes so that timely postcontrast dialytic therapy can be instituted.

title: Contrast-induced translocational XXXX and @entity9 in advanced @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 with advanced @entity2 , administration of effective osmolar agents may lead to @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity3 , and intravascular expansion. To our knowledge, osmolar effects of contrast agents in @entity0 with advanced @entity2 have not been previously elucidated. METHODS: This retrospective case series includes 5 @entity0 with advanced @entity2 who underwent diagnostic and/or therapeutic cardiac catheterization and developed @entity6 . Blood chemistry tests were performed before and after the procedure. @entity6 is defined as a plasma @entity5 concentration less than 135 mEq/L (mmol/L). RESULTS: Mean precontrast and postcontrast @entity5 levels were 138.6 mEq/L (mmol/L) and 122.6 mEq/L (mmol/L), respectively. Plasma @entity4 levels increased after contrast exposure. There was no difference in degree of @entity9 between @entity0 with and without @entity1 . Plasma @entity8 levels were noted to decrease after contrast exposure in 4 of 5 @entity0 , with the exception of a @entity0 undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. There was a strong correlation between dose of contrast administered and change in @entity5 level, with a correlation coefficient of 0.91. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that large volumes of contrast may result in hypertonic @entity6 through a dual effect of exogenous fluid dilution and translocation. The fluid translocated from intracellular to extracellular spaces may lead to a decrease in @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity8 levels. All @entity0 developed @entity9 , which may be caused by solvent drag and/or passive diffusion, in addition to impaired excretory capacity. @entity0 with advanced @entity2 exposed to large volumes of contrast should be monitored for osmolar-induced chemical changes so that timely postcontrast dialytic therapy can be instituted.

title: Contrast-induced translocational @entity6 and XXXX in advanced @entity2 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is limited information on the prevalence of @entity3 in nonwhite populations. We conducted a population-based study on the prevalence of @entity3 in Alaska natives. METHODS: Clinical records from 1984 to July, 2000 were reviewed to identify Alaska natives with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity9 ( @entity9 ), @entity6 , @entity5 , and overlap syndromes of two of the above. @entity4 was defined as definite or probable, based on criteria established by the International @entity4 Group. The diagnosis of @entity9 was based on a positive antimitochondrial antibody of > or = 1: 40, biochemical evidence of @entity8 , and compatible liver biopsy. @entity5 was defined as @entity9 but without a positive antimitochondrial antibody. @entity6 was diagnosed on the basis of cholangiogram. RESULTS: Seventy-seven @entity0 with possible @entity3 were identified. Of these, 42 had definite and seven probable @entity4 . At presentation, 34.7% of @entity0 with @entity4 presented with acute @entity2 , and 65.3% were asymptomatic. @entity0 presenting with mild or no symptoms were more likely to have moderate to severe @entity1 on liver biopsy than those presenting with @entity7 . Eighteen @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity9 , five with @entity5 , five with overlap syndrome, and none with @entity6 . The combined point prevalence of @entity4 Alaska natives was 42.9/100,000 (95% CI = 31-57.7). The prevalence of @entity9 was 16/100,000 (95% CI = 12.9-25.4). CONCLUSIONS: This population-based study demonstrates that the prevalence rates of @entity4 and @entity9 in Alaska natives are comparable with reported rates in other populations.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in Alaska Natives.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Partial or complete @entity6 occurring after severe @entity4 is a difficult therapeutic problem. Diaphragm intraocular lenses were developed for the correction of @entity6 , but the safety and efficacy of implanting such lenses are not well established in traumatic cases because of very few reports, and the small number of cases studied. @entity0 AND METHODS: Six @entity0 , 4 @entity0 and 2 @entity0 with a mean age of 44 years, were treated for @entity6 using pars plana vitrectomy and transscleral fixation of a black diaphragm intraocular @entity3 . Total @entity6 was observed in 3 eyes and partial @entity6 in 3 eyes. Four eyes were aphakic and severe @entity3 subluxation was seen in 2 eyes. @entity1 coexisted in 2 @entity0 and @entity5 was present in 1 @entity0 . Follow-up time ranged between 4 and 39 months (mean, 23 months). RESULTS: Best-corrected visual acuity improved in 5 @entity0 and 1 remained unchanged. Good visual acuity (20/20 - 20/40) was achieved in all cases and all lenses were well-centered. No severe complications were noted. Three of 6 @entity0 required @entity2 topical medications pre- and postoperatively achieving good intraocular pressure control. CONCLUSION: The management of @entity6 using pars plana vitrectomy and implantation of scleral fixation black diaphragm intraocular lenses seem to be safe. Very good functional results and lack of severe complications are encouraging. Additional cases with a longer follow-up study are necessary to support our opinion.

title: Pars plana vitrectomy and transscleral fixation of black diaphragm intraocular XXXX for the management of @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Partial or complete @entity6 occurring after severe @entity4 is a difficult therapeutic problem. Diaphragm intraocular lenses were developed for the correction of @entity6 , but the safety and efficacy of implanting such lenses are not well established in traumatic cases because of very few reports, and the small number of cases studied. @entity0 AND METHODS: Six @entity0 , 4 @entity0 and 2 @entity0 with a mean age of 44 years, were treated for @entity6 using pars plana vitrectomy and transscleral fixation of a black diaphragm intraocular @entity3 . Total @entity6 was observed in 3 eyes and partial @entity6 in 3 eyes. Four eyes were aphakic and severe @entity3 subluxation was seen in 2 eyes. @entity1 coexisted in 2 @entity0 and @entity5 was present in 1 @entity0 . Follow-up time ranged between 4 and 39 months (mean, 23 months). RESULTS: Best-corrected visual acuity improved in 5 @entity0 and 1 remained unchanged. Good visual acuity (20/20 - 20/40) was achieved in all cases and all lenses were well-centered. No severe complications were noted. Three of 6 @entity0 required @entity2 topical medications pre- and postoperatively achieving good intraocular pressure control. CONCLUSION: The management of @entity6 using pars plana vitrectomy and implantation of scleral fixation black diaphragm intraocular lenses seem to be safe. Very good functional results and lack of severe complications are encouraging. Additional cases with a longer follow-up study are necessary to support our opinion.

title: Pars plana vitrectomy and transscleral fixation of black diaphragm intraocular @entity3 for the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the temporal relationship of microaneurysmal dosure following focal laser photocoagulation in @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: This prospective study included 25 eyes of 23 @entity2 @entity0 with clinically significant macular @entity1 . Ten to 20 well-defined microaneurysms were preselected and marked on an enlarged photograph of the prelaser fundus @entity3 angiogram. These preselected microaneurysms were focally lasered and followed up angiographically at 48 hours, 1 week, 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks after photocoagulation. Thereafter, the average time span between photocoagulation and the closure of the microaneurysms was determined. RESULTS: The mean number of preselected microaneurysms at baseline was 18.24 +/- 3.51, which remained the same at 48 hours. However, the mean microaneurysmal count decreased to 11.76 +/- 2.65 (35% reduction) at 1 week, 9.12 +/- 2.53 (50% reduction), 7.12 +/- 2.26 (61% reduction), and 4.56 +/- 1.32 (75% reduction) at 3, 6, and 12 weeks, respectively. The majority of the microaneurysms (35%) closed between 48 hours and 1 week. CONCLUSIONS: The microaneurysmal closure following focal laser photocoagulation is a delayed process. None of the preselected microaneurysms showed closure within 48 hours, and 75% of the preselected microaneurysms closed at the end of 12 weeks.

title: Retinal microaneurysmal closure following focal laser photocoagulation in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Both the prevalence and severity of @entity4 such as @entity3 have increased in recent years. Among the factors implicated in this "epidemic" are indoor and outdoor airborne pollutants. Urbanisation with its high levels of vehicle emissions and Westernised lifestyle parallels the @entity4 in most industrialised countries, and @entity0 who live in urban areas tend to be more affected by the disease than those of rural areas. In atopic subjects, exposure to air pollution increases airway responsiveness to aeroallergens. Pollen is a good model with which to study the interrelationship between air pollution and @entity4 . Biological aerosols carrying antigenic proteins, such as pollen grains or plant-derived paucimicronic components, can produce allergic symptoms. By adhering to the surface of these airborne allergenic agents, air pollutants could modify their antigenic properties. Several factors influence this interaction, i.e., type of air pollutant, plant species, nutrient balance, climatic factors, degree of airway sensitisation and hyperresponsiveness of exposed subjects. However, the @entity1 and the impaired mucociliary clearance induced by air pollution may facilitate the penetration and the access of inhaled allergens to the cells of the immune system, and so promote airway sensitisation. As a consequence, an enhanced immunoglobulin E-mediated response to aeroallergens and enhanced airway @entity2 favoured by air pollution could account for the increasing prevalence of allergic @entity4 in urban areas.

title: Outdoor air pollution, climatic changes and allergic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Antibiotics are often administrated prophylactically in spinal procedures to reduce the risk of infection of the disc space. It is still not known which antibiotics are able to penetrate the intervertebral disc effectively. In a prospective, randomised, double-blind clinical study, we examined the penetration of the intervertebral discs of two commonly used antibiotics, @entity3 and @entity1 . The @entity0 , randomised into two groups, received either 1.5 g of @entity3 or 5 mg/kg of @entity1 prophylactically two hours before their intervertebral discs were removed. A specimen of blood, from which serum antibiotic levels were determined, was obtained at the time of discectomy. Therapeutic levels of antibiotic were detectable in the intervertebral discs of the ten @entity0 who received @entity1 . Only two of the ten @entity0 (20%) who received @entity3 had a quantifiable level of antibiotic in their discs although therapeutic serum levels of @entity3 were found in all ten @entity0 . Our results show that @entity3 does not diffuse into @entity0 intervertebral discs as readily as @entity1 . It is possible that the charge due to ionisable groups on the antibiotics can influence the penetration of the antibiotics. We therefore recommend the use of @entity1 in a single prophylactic dose for all spinal procedures in order to reduce the risk of @entity2 .

title: Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery of the intervertebral disc. A comparison between XXXX and @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Antibiotics are often administrated prophylactically in spinal procedures to reduce the risk of infection of the disc space. It is still not known which antibiotics are able to penetrate the intervertebral disc effectively. In a prospective, randomised, double-blind clinical study, we examined the penetration of the intervertebral discs of two commonly used antibiotics, @entity3 and @entity1 . The @entity0 , randomised into two groups, received either 1.5 g of @entity3 or 5 mg/kg of @entity1 prophylactically two hours before their intervertebral discs were removed. A specimen of blood, from which serum antibiotic levels were determined, was obtained at the time of discectomy. Therapeutic levels of antibiotic were detectable in the intervertebral discs of the ten @entity0 who received @entity1 . Only two of the ten @entity0 (20%) who received @entity3 had a quantifiable level of antibiotic in their discs although therapeutic serum levels of @entity3 were found in all ten @entity0 . Our results show that @entity3 does not diffuse into @entity0 intervertebral discs as readily as @entity1 . It is possible that the charge due to ionisable groups on the antibiotics can influence the penetration of the antibiotics. We therefore recommend the use of @entity1 in a single prophylactic dose for all spinal procedures in order to reduce the risk of @entity2 .

title: Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery of the intervertebral disc. A comparison between @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We have studied, prospectively, 116 @entity0 with @entity1 associated with herniation of a lumbar disc who underwent microdiscectomy. They were studied during the first six months and at a mean of 6.4 years after surgery. Before operation, @entity2 was mild (grade 4) in 67% of @entity0 , severe (grade 3) in 21% and very severe (grade 2 or 1) in 12%. The muscle which most frequently had severe or very severe @entity2 was @entity3 longus, followed in order by triceps surae, extensor digitorum communis, tibialis anterior, and others. At the latest follow-up examination, 76% of @entity0 had complete recovery of strength. Persistent @entity2 was found in 16% of @entity0 who had had a mild preoperative deficit and in 39% of those with severe or very severe @entity2 . Muscle strength was graded 4 in all @entity0 with persistent @entity2 , except for four with a very severe preoperative deficit affecting the L5 or S1 nerve root. They showed no significant recovery. Excluding this last group, the degree of recovery of motor function was inversely related to the preoperative severity and duration of @entity2 . The @entity0 ' subjective functional capacity was not directly related to the degree of recovery except in those with persistent severe or very severe deficit.

title: XXXX after microdiscectomy for lumbar disc herniation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS OF THE STUDY: The authors' nine-year experience with @entity0 requiring mitral valve reoperations for @entity7 after previous mitral valve repair is reported. METHODS: Between June 1991 and June 2000, 1,275 mitral valve repairs were performed at the authors' institution. During this time, nine @entity0 with prior mitral valve repair presented with mitral valve (non-recurrent) @entity7 requiring surgical correction. Etiology at the initial mitral valve repair was @entity1 in four @entity0 (44%), floppy valve in one @entity0 (11%), @entity8 in one (11%), irradiation-induced degeneration in one (11%), and @entity7 in two cases (22%). Median @entity0 age was 61 years (range: 36-81 years). Median ejection fraction was 50% (range: 23-70%), and seven @entity0 (78%) presented urgently or emergently. The median time interval between the two procedures was 8.6 months (range: 28 days to 14.3 years). RESULTS: Certain risk factors were identified in these @entity0 , including @entity4 , prosthetic implants in the bloodstream, and subsequent invasive procedures. The mitral valve was re-repaired in one @entity0 (11%), while eight @entity0 (89%) required valve replacement. All required excision of the ring. Hospital mortality was 11% (n = 1). @entity3 included perioperative @entity6 in two cases (25%), low cardiac output in two (25%), and prolonged ventilatory support in four (50%). There was no perioperative @entity2 , and no late recurrence of @entity7 . CONCLUSION: The study findings suggest that the incidence of (non-recurrent) @entity7 after mitral valve repair requiring surgical intervention is infrequent. Attempts at re-repair may be successful only in selected @entity0 . Reoperation was accomplished with acceptable morbidity and mortality, and often required mitral valve replacement; however, late results indicated the absence of @entity5 .

title: Risk factors and management of XXXX after mitral valve repair.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after treatment for @entity0 is associated with increased risk of recurrence and mortality. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. @entity1 AND SETTING: Postmenopausal @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 and treated by five Sydney doctors between 1964 and 1999. OUTCOME MEASURES: Times from diagnosis to @entity2 recurrence or new @entity0 , to death from all causes and to death from primary @entity2 were compared between @entity1 who used HRT for menopausal symptoms after diagnosis and those who did not. Relative risks (RRs) were determined from @entity3 regression analyses, adjusted for @entity1 and @entity2 characteristics. RESULTS: 1122 @entity1 were followed up for 0-36 years (median, 6.08 years); 154 were lost to follow-up. 286 @entity1 used HRT for menopausal symptoms for up to 26 years (median, 1.75 years). Compared with non-users, HRT users had reduced risk of @entity2 recurrence (adjusted relative risk [RR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43-0.87), all-cause mortality (RR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.19-0.59) and death from primary @entity2 (RR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.22-0.72). Continuous combined HRT was associated with a reduced risk of death from primary @entity2 (RR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.12-0.88) and all-cause mortality (RR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.10-0.73). CONCLUSION: HRT use for menopausal symptoms by @entity1 treated for primary @entity0 is not associated with an increased risk of @entity0 recurrence or shortened life expectancy.

title: Hormone replacement therapy after a diagnosis of XXXX : @entity2 recurrence and mortality.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after treatment for @entity0 is associated with increased risk of recurrence and mortality. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. @entity1 AND SETTING: Postmenopausal @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 and treated by five Sydney doctors between 1964 and 1999. OUTCOME MEASURES: Times from diagnosis to @entity2 recurrence or new @entity0 , to death from all causes and to death from primary @entity2 were compared between @entity1 who used HRT for menopausal symptoms after diagnosis and those who did not. Relative risks (RRs) were determined from @entity3 regression analyses, adjusted for @entity1 and @entity2 characteristics. RESULTS: 1122 @entity1 were followed up for 0-36 years (median, 6.08 years); 154 were lost to follow-up. 286 @entity1 used HRT for menopausal symptoms for up to 26 years (median, 1.75 years). Compared with non-users, HRT users had reduced risk of @entity2 recurrence (adjusted relative risk [RR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.43-0.87), all-cause mortality (RR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.19-0.59) and death from primary @entity2 (RR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.22-0.72). Continuous combined HRT was associated with a reduced risk of death from primary @entity2 (RR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.12-0.88) and all-cause mortality (RR, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.10-0.73). CONCLUSION: HRT use for menopausal symptoms by @entity1 treated for primary @entity0 is not associated with an increased risk of @entity0 recurrence or shortened life expectancy.

title: Hormone replacement therapy after a diagnosis of @entity0 : XXXX recurrence and mortality.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity7 of the nasal philtrum is described in four @entity2 . Two of the Saint Bernards were related. The lesions were solitary, well-circumscribed, linear @entity5 that were neither pruritic nor @entity1 . The age of the @entity2 at the time the owners first noticed the lesion ranged from 3 to 6 years. The @entity5 had been present for 0.5-5 years before diagnosis was pursued. Three of the @entity2 experienced repeated, mild episodes of @entity3 from the @entity5 . Two @entity2 also experienced a severe episode of @entity3 that required surgical intervention. Histopathological findings included a V-shaped @entity5 , @entity0 subjacent to the @entity5 and @entity6 bordering the @entity5 . The most remarkable pathological findings were present in the deep dermal arteries and arterioles subjacent to the @entity5 . The changes were characterized by subendothelial spindle cell proliferation with marked extracellular matrix deposition that stained blue with Alcian Blue ( @entity10 ) and Masson's trichrome (collagen) and resulted in intimal thickening, and stenosis of dermal arteries and arterioles. Immunohistochemical studies suggested that the proliferating spindle cells were of either myofibroblast or smooth muscle origin (actin and @entity9 positive). Anti-inflammatory therapy (glucocorticoids; @entity4 and @entity8 ; fish oil) may be beneficial for long-term control of this condition, however, long-term maintenance treatment appears to be necessary.

title: Dermal XXXX of the nasal philtrum in a Giant Schnauzer and three Saint Bernard @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 of the nasal philtrum is described in four @entity2 . Two of the Saint Bernards were related. The lesions were solitary, well-circumscribed, linear @entity5 that were neither pruritic nor @entity1 . The age of the @entity2 at the time the owners first noticed the lesion ranged from 3 to 6 years. The @entity5 had been present for 0.5-5 years before diagnosis was pursued. Three of the @entity2 experienced repeated, mild episodes of @entity3 from the @entity5 . Two @entity2 also experienced a severe episode of @entity3 that required surgical intervention. Histopathological findings included a V-shaped @entity5 , @entity0 subjacent to the @entity5 and @entity6 bordering the @entity5 . The most remarkable pathological findings were present in the deep dermal arteries and arterioles subjacent to the @entity5 . The changes were characterized by subendothelial spindle cell proliferation with marked extracellular matrix deposition that stained blue with Alcian Blue ( @entity10 ) and Masson's trichrome (collagen) and resulted in intimal thickening, and stenosis of dermal arteries and arterioles. Immunohistochemical studies suggested that the proliferating spindle cells were of either myofibroblast or smooth muscle origin (actin and @entity9 positive). Anti-inflammatory therapy (glucocorticoids; @entity4 and @entity8 ; fish oil) may be beneficial for long-term control of this condition, however, long-term maintenance treatment appears to be necessary.

title: Dermal @entity7 of the nasal philtrum in a Giant Schnauzer and three Saint Bernard XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of @entity7 , @entity4 and @entity1 on chemokine production by @entity0 chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts isolated from @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The expression of @entity4 mRNA by @entity2 chondrocytes was also assessed, as well as the presence and expression of @entity9 ( @entity9 ) in @entity2 chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts after stimulation with @entity7 , @entity4 and @entity1 . DESIGN: Synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes isolated from @entity0 with @entity2 were stimulated in vitro with @entity7 , @entity4 or @entity1 . Supernatants were collected and immunoassayed for the presence of @entity3 , @entity6 (CXC chemokines) and @entity5 , @entity8 (CC chemokines). The cells were used to detect the presence of @entity9 and the expression of @entity9 mRNA. Stimulated chondrocytes were also used to detect @entity4 production and mRNA expression. RESULTS: @entity7 upregulated the release of @entity3 and @entity6 both by synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes, and the release of @entity5 only by chondrocytes. @entity7 was a weaker stimulator than @entity4 and @entity1 , except for @entity6 release which was maximally upregulated by @entity4 , less by @entity7 and minimally by @entity1 . When compared to @entity4 , @entity7 was more active on chondrocytes than on fibroblasts. In chondrocytes the expression of @entity4 mRNA was enhanced by @entity7 and @entity1 , with a maximum level reached by @entity4 . @entity7 and @entity1 stimulated @entity4 release in few subjects. Neither @entity7 , @entity4 nor @entity1 modulated the presence of @entity9 and the expression of @entity9 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity7 could contribute to cartilage breakdown and synovial infiltration in @entity2 by inducing both the release of chemokines by chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts and, in a less extent, the synthesis of @entity4 by chondrocytes.

title: Contribution of interleukin 17 to @entity0 cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of @entity7 , @entity4 and @entity1 on chemokine production by @entity0 chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts isolated from @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The expression of @entity4 mRNA by @entity2 chondrocytes was also assessed, as well as the presence and expression of @entity9 ( @entity9 ) in @entity2 chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts after stimulation with @entity7 , @entity4 and @entity1 . DESIGN: Synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes isolated from @entity0 with @entity2 were stimulated in vitro with @entity7 , @entity4 or @entity1 . Supernatants were collected and immunoassayed for the presence of @entity3 , @entity6 (CXC chemokines) and @entity5 , @entity8 (CC chemokines). The cells were used to detect the presence of @entity9 and the expression of @entity9 mRNA. Stimulated chondrocytes were also used to detect @entity4 production and mRNA expression. RESULTS: @entity7 upregulated the release of @entity3 and @entity6 both by synovial fibroblasts and chondrocytes, and the release of @entity5 only by chondrocytes. @entity7 was a weaker stimulator than @entity4 and @entity1 , except for @entity6 release which was maximally upregulated by @entity4 , less by @entity7 and minimally by @entity1 . When compared to @entity4 , @entity7 was more active on chondrocytes than on fibroblasts. In chondrocytes the expression of @entity4 mRNA was enhanced by @entity7 and @entity1 , with a maximum level reached by @entity4 . @entity7 and @entity1 stimulated @entity4 release in few subjects. Neither @entity7 , @entity4 nor @entity1 modulated the presence of @entity9 and the expression of @entity9 mRNA. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity7 could contribute to cartilage breakdown and synovial infiltration in @entity2 by inducing both the release of chemokines by chondrocytes and synovial fibroblasts and, in a less extent, the synthesis of @entity4 by chondrocytes.

title: Contribution of interleukin 17 to XXXX cartilage degradation and synovial inflammation in @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: For the treatment of @entity0 , modifications of decision making related to pregnancy could be assessed through three questions. Why a decision had been chosen? In that case, the hypothesis is that decisions are based on the expected utility. The theory assumes weighting and computation of complete possibilities with their associated probabilities and values. However values exhibits a wide inter-individual variation range. Therefore the predictability of choice based on this model is indeed very low. Furthermore it is likely that the willingness of pregnancy after @entity0 contains besides classic constituents of appeals of motherhood, a specific meaning of recovery both of health and femininity. The second question: who is in charge of the decision? And under the paradigm of autonomy, @entity1 ' decision is, merely by itself, the right decision. The last question is how? For some situations for which foreseeing is quiet complex, the value of the process in itself is increased and could help the end-oriented or self-determined decision. Casuistic analysis could therefore improve @entity1 ' decisions. The issue is not only about decision but also related to @entity1 -physician relationship, about an issue that is not only a biomedical problem.

title: [ XXXX and pregnancy: decision making and the point of view of the mother].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 (NO) is involved in the modulation of inflammatory responses. In psoriatic skin, NO is highly produced by epidermal keratinocytes in response to interferon-gamma and tumor @entity1 factor-alpha. In this study, we investigated whether the NO donors, @entity10 ( @entity11 ) and @entity12 , could regulate chemokine production by @entity0 keratinocytes activated with interferon-gamma and tumor @entity1 factor-alpha. In addition, we studied the effects of the topical application of a @entity11 ointment on chemokine expression in lesional psoriatic skin. NO donors diminished in a dose-dependent manner and at both mRNA and protein levels the @entity2 , @entity7 , and @entity6 expression in keratinocytes cultured from healthy @entity0 and psoriatic @entity0 . In contrast, constitutive and induced @entity3 production was unchanged. @entity11 -treated psoriatic skin showed reduction of @entity2 , @entity7 , and @entity6 , but not @entity3 expression by keratinocytes. Moreover, the number of @entity8 (+) and CD3(+) cells infiltrating the epidermis and papillary dermis diminished significantly. NO donors also down-regulated @entity5 protein expression without affecting mRNA accumulation in vitro, and suppressed keratinocyte @entity5 in vivo. Finally, NO donors inhibited nuclear factor-kappa B and @entity9 , but not AP-1 activities in transiently transfected keratinocytes. These results define NO donors as negative regulators of chemokine production by keratinocytes.

title: XXXX donors suppress chemokine production by keratinocytes in vitro and in vivo.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Bacterial colonization of the oropharynx is the initial event in most @entity2 . To study the role of bacterial adherence in @entity2 caused by @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in winter, in vitro adherence assays of the organism to @entity0 oropharyngeal cells were carried out in winter, spring, summer and autumn. A total of 57 adults of both sexes were studied from January to December 1985. Forty eight @entity0 of 57 had chronic @entity1 and the remaining 9 @entity0 had other clinical entities and served as the control group. Predominance of @entity2 caused by @entity3 with high adherence rate was observed in winter. Adherence activity was moderate in spring and autumn and low in summer and accompanied by a similar incidence of @entity2 with this bacteria. In addition, similar results were found in @entity0 in whom investigations were done successively in the above four seasons. Bacterial adherence activity to cells however, was weak in winter in the control group. These results indicate that seasonal variation plays a significant role in the ability of @entity3 to adhere to oropharyngeal cells. This is an important pathogenic factor correlated with the incidence of @entity2 in these @entity0 .

title: Correlation between @entity3 adherence to oropharyngeal cells and seasonal incidence of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Bacterial colonization of the oropharynx is the initial event in most @entity2 . To study the role of bacterial adherence in @entity2 caused by @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in winter, in vitro adherence assays of the organism to @entity0 oropharyngeal cells were carried out in winter, spring, summer and autumn. A total of 57 adults of both sexes were studied from January to December 1985. Forty eight @entity0 of 57 had chronic @entity1 and the remaining 9 @entity0 had other clinical entities and served as the control group. Predominance of @entity2 caused by @entity3 with high adherence rate was observed in winter. Adherence activity was moderate in spring and autumn and low in summer and accompanied by a similar incidence of @entity2 with this bacteria. In addition, similar results were found in @entity0 in whom investigations were done successively in the above four seasons. Bacterial adherence activity to cells however, was weak in winter in the control group. These results indicate that seasonal variation plays a significant role in the ability of @entity3 to adhere to oropharyngeal cells. This is an important pathogenic factor correlated with the incidence of @entity2 in these @entity0 .

title: Correlation between XXXX adherence to oropharyngeal cells and seasonal incidence of @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: To determine whether changes in ECGs correlated with abnormalities in echocardiograms in @entity0 with acute and convalescent @entity4 , we undertook a retrospective analysis of 44 @entity0 examined during the first 2 weeks of illness and followed for at least 6 months, 31 for longer than 1 year. We analyzed 360 ECGs, 282 echocardiograms, and clinical status. Results of echocardiography showed 18 @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity3 , and/or @entity2 (41%); 26 @entity0 had no abnormalities. All 18 of the former and all but 10 of the latter had abnormalities on serial ECGs that normalized on recovery. Thirty-four of 44 @entity0 (77%) had ECG abnormalities. These abnormalities were most prevalent in the first month: 68% appeared in the first week, about 50% in the second to fourth weeks, 16% at 2 months, and 10% at 3 months. The type of ECG change did not predict the type of echocardiographic abnormality, except that low voltage of QRS was found only with @entity3 . The most frequent early changes were in T waves, which were flattened in 28 (64%). Later 12 @entity0 had high, peaked, abnormal T waves. Prolonged PR interval occurred in 13 @entity0 , seven of whom had echocardiographic abnormalities. Of six with prolonged QT interval, four had abnormal echocardiograms. The possibility of having an abnormal echocardiogram increased with the number of ECG changes: from 0 risk with no change to 37% for one, 47% for two, 80% for three, and 100% for four changes in serial ECGs. Both ECGs and echocardiograms are important in early and subsequent evaluation of these @entity0 . Inasmuch as the ECGs showed abnormalities in 77% whereas echocardiograms showed changes in 41%, we believe that serial ECGs in comparison with prior tracings offer the more sensitive noninvasive indicator of pancarditis in young @entity0 during acute and convalescent @entity4 .

title: Correlation of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Recent analyses of the influence of renal function on the cardiovascular outcome in essential @entity1 @entity0 have confirmed the relevance of the kidney in cardiovascular prognosis even in the initial stages of @entity3 . The evaluation of renal function in clinical practice is based mainly on the finding of changes in serum @entity8 , but the estimation of @entity8 clearance or its determination after 24-hour urine collection is not usually performed. The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of mild @entity6 (MCRI) through the determination of @entity8 clearance in @entity0 with essential @entity1 to reinforce the need to consider using this parameter in daily clinical practice. We analyzed clinical and biochemical data from 2686 essential @entity1 @entity0 referred to our unit from 1979-1999. MCRI was defined as a serum @entity8 > or =1.5 mg/dL in @entity0 and > or =1.4 mg/dL in @entity0 , or a @entity8 clearance estimated by the Cockroft-Gault formula or by a 24-hour urine collection of <60 mL/min. A prevalence of MCRI was found in 7.6% according to serum @entity8 levels. This prevalence increased to 22.3% and 21.5% respectively when the diagnostic criteria for MCRI was the estimation of 24-hour @entity8 clearance in urine, or its estimation using the Cockroft-Gault formula. When classified by @entity8 clearance values, @entity0 with MCRI were characterized by older age, elevated systolic blood pressure, higher serum total @entity2 , low-density lipoprotein @entity2 , and @entity9 , lower levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity2 , higher serum @entity5 , fasting serum @entity4 , serum @entity7 , and higher levels of urinary albumin excretion. In summary, MCRI is more prevalent in essential @entity1 than previously thought, particularly if the estimated @entity8 clearance is used to define MCRI. The finding of an altered renal function is associated with a significant increase in cardiovascular risk. This fact reinforces the need to pay attention to any of the manifestations of renal damage observed in the usual clinical assessment of any @entity1 @entity0 .

title: How relevant and frequent is the presence of mild @entity3 in essential XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: Recent analyses of the influence of renal function on the cardiovascular outcome in essential @entity1 @entity0 have confirmed the relevance of the kidney in cardiovascular prognosis even in the initial stages of @entity3 . The evaluation of renal function in clinical practice is based mainly on the finding of changes in serum @entity8 , but the estimation of @entity8 clearance or its determination after 24-hour urine collection is not usually performed. The objective of this study was to analyze the prevalence of mild @entity6 (MCRI) through the determination of @entity8 clearance in @entity0 with essential @entity1 to reinforce the need to consider using this parameter in daily clinical practice. We analyzed clinical and biochemical data from 2686 essential @entity1 @entity0 referred to our unit from 1979-1999. MCRI was defined as a serum @entity8 > or =1.5 mg/dL in @entity0 and > or =1.4 mg/dL in @entity0 , or a @entity8 clearance estimated by the Cockroft-Gault formula or by a 24-hour urine collection of <60 mL/min. A prevalence of MCRI was found in 7.6% according to serum @entity8 levels. This prevalence increased to 22.3% and 21.5% respectively when the diagnostic criteria for MCRI was the estimation of 24-hour @entity8 clearance in urine, or its estimation using the Cockroft-Gault formula. When classified by @entity8 clearance values, @entity0 with MCRI were characterized by older age, elevated systolic blood pressure, higher serum total @entity2 , low-density lipoprotein @entity2 , and @entity9 , lower levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity2 , higher serum @entity5 , fasting serum @entity4 , serum @entity7 , and higher levels of urinary albumin excretion. In summary, MCRI is more prevalent in essential @entity1 than previously thought, particularly if the estimated @entity8 clearance is used to define MCRI. The finding of an altered renal function is associated with a significant increase in cardiovascular risk. This fact reinforces the need to pay attention to any of the manifestations of renal damage observed in the usual clinical assessment of any @entity1 @entity0 .

title: How relevant and frequent is the presence of mild XXXX in essential @entity1 ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the authors' experience with local excision of early @entity1 to assess the effectiveness of initial treatment and of salvage surgery. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Local excision for @entity1 is appealing for its low morbidity and excellent functional results. However, its use is limited by inability to assess regional lymph nodes and uncertainty of oncologic outcome. METHODS: @entity0 with T1 and T2 @entity3 of the rectum treated by local excision as definitive surgery between 1969 to 1996 at the authors' institution were reviewed. Pathology slides were reviewed. Among 125 assessable @entity0 , 74 were T1 and 51 were T2. Thirty-one @entity0 (25%) were selected to receive adjuvant radiation therapy. Fifteen of these 31 @entity0 received adjuvant radiation in combination with @entity4 chemotherapy. Median follow-up was 6.7 years. One hundred fifteen @entity0 (92%) were followed until @entity2 or for greater than 5 years, and 69 @entity0 (55%) were followed until @entity2 or for greater than 10 years. Recurrence was recorded as local, distant, and overall. Survival was disease-specific. RESULTS: Ten-year local recurrence and survival rates were 17% and 74% for T1 @entity1 and 26% and 72% for T2 @entity1 . Median time to relapse was 1.4 years (range 0.4-7.0) for local recurrence and 2.5 years (0.8-7.5) for distant recurrence. In @entity0 receiving radiotherapy, local recurrence was delayed (median 2.1 years vs. 1.1 years), but overall rates of local and overall recurrence and survival rates were similar to @entity0 not receiving radiotherapy. Among 26 @entity1 deaths, 8 (28%) occurred more than 5 years after local excision. On multivariate analysis, no clinical or pathologic features were predictive of local recurrence. Intratumoral vascular invasion was the only significant predictor of survival. Among 34 @entity0 who developed @entity1 recurrence, the pattern of first clinical recurrence was predominantly local: 50% local only, 18% local and distant, and 32% distant only. Among the 17 @entity0 with isolated local recurrence, 14 underwent salvage resection. Actuarial survival among these surgically salvaged @entity0 was 30% at 6 years after salvage. CONCLUSIONS The long-term risk of recurrence after local excision of T1 and T2 @entity1 is substantial. Two thirds of @entity0 with @entity1 recurrence have local failure, implicating inadequate resection in treatment failure. In this study, neither adjuvant radiotherapy nor salvage surgery was reliable in preventing or controlling local recurrence. The postoperative interval to @entity1 @entity2 is as long as 10 years, raising concern that @entity1 mortality may be higher than is generally appreciated. Additional treatment strategies are needed to improve the outcome of local excision.

title: Long-term results of local excision for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a rare condition characterized by abnormal proliferation of macrophages. Although the mortality rate in @entity0 diagnosed with primary @entity7 is high, little has been described about the nature of adverse events. This review evaluates unfavorable events in @entity0 with primary @entity7 to suggest methods of improving outcomes. METHODS: Charts of @entity0 who met diagnostic criteria for primary @entity7 at the Hospital for Sick @entity0 between January 1985 and June 2000 were retrospectively reviewed. The primary outcome measure was an adverse event, defined as death, the subsequent diagnosis of @entity1 , or @entity3 . RESULTS: Twenty @entity0 were diagnosed with primary @entity7 . The median age at diagnosis was 6.5 months (range 1-78 months). Nineteen @entity0 received chemotherapy and two underwent matched sibling donor bone marrow transplantation. Of the 20 @entity0 , 12 (60%) died. These @entity2 were attributed to progressive @entity7 in 4 cases and invasive infection in 8 cases. These infections consisted of disseminated @entity6 (n = 1), @entity4 (n = 1), and invasive @entity5 (n = 6). Eight @entity0 survived. Two were subsequently diagnosed with @entity1 . Two others were found to have significant @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The overall mortality rate was 60% in our series of 20 @entity0 with primary @entity7 ; 50% of @entity2 were directly attributable to invasive @entity5 . @entity3 and the diagnosis of @entity1 are important events in this cohort.

title: Adverse outcomes in primary XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Total occlusion of the contralateral internal carotid artery has often been considered to be a predictor of poor outcome after carotid endarterectomy (CEA) of @entity3 . Data from both the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial and the Asymptomatic @entity4 Study have suggested this to be true. However, each of these trials had relatively few @entity0 with @entity2 in the surgical arms of the studies. Recently, advocates of carotid angioplasty and stenting have suggested that this technique may be preferable in @entity0 with a @entity2 because of the perceived poor outcome with surgery. The purpose of this study was to review a large series of CEAs performed in @entity0 with @entity2 to see whether results differed from @entity0 with patent contralateral arteries and to determine whether the presence of preoperative symptoms was an important factor in outcome in these cases. @entity0 AND METHODS: A review was conducted of a prospectively compiled database of all primary CEAs performed at our institution from 1985 to 1999. Surgery was performed on 2420 @entity0 , of whom 338 (14.0%) had @entity2 . RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity2 were more likely to be symptomatic (65.7% versus 60.1%; P =.1), male (70.9% versus 58%; P <.001), and @entity1 (63.9% versus 58.4%; P =.07) with a positive smoking history (42.6% versus 31.4%; P <.001) than @entity0 with patent contralateral carotid artery. No significant difference was seen in the rates of perioperative neurologic events between @entity0 with @entity2 (3.0%) and those without (2.1%; P =.34). Among the total of 913 asymptomatic @entity0 , of whom 115 had @entity2 , no difference was seen in the rate of perioperative neurologic events (1.8% for @entity2 cases; 1.9% for cases without @entity2 ). Among the total of 1507 symptomatic @entity0 , of whom 223 had @entity2 , no significant difference was seen in the rate of perioperative neurologic events (3.7% for @entity2 cases; 2.2% for cases without @entity2 ; P =.2). CONCLUSION: The presence of @entity2 does not appear to increase the perioperative risk of CEA. Although the risk of CEA in symptomatic @entity0 with @entity2 may be slightly increased, this must be weighed against the risk with medical treatment alone. CEA can be performed safely in @entity0 with @entity2 , which should not necessarily be considered a high-risk condition for surgery in favor of angioplasty and stenting.

title: A reassessment of carotid endarterectomy in the face of contralateral carotid occlusion: surgical results in symptomatic and asymptomatic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In @entity3 @entity6 @entity1 free radicals may mediate injury. In addition, @entity4 appears to play a critical role in @entity9 radical formation and lipid peroxidation during reperfusion of @entity3 kidneys. To determine whether @entity4 may play a similar role in pigment (heme protein)-induced @entity6 , we studied the effects of the @entity4 chelator @entity10 in two experimental models of pigment-induced @entity6 , intramuscular @entity5 injection and intravenous hemoglobin infusion without and with concurrent @entity3 in the @entity2 . Intramuscular injection of 50% @entity5 (5 ml/kg) caused inulin clearance to fall to 0.13 +/- 0.03 (SE) ml/min (normal value, 1.0-1.2 ml/min). Continuous infusion of @entity10 beginning at the time of @entity5 injection significantly attenuated this @entity0 . @entity10 -treated animals had an inulin clearance of 0.37 +/- 0.06 ml/min (P less than 0.01). @entity5 injection was also associated with significant lipid peroxidation, measured as renal @entity7 content. @entity10 -treated @entity5 -injected @entity2 had renal @entity7 content not significantly different from control animals. In another model of @entity8 pigment-induced @entity0 , hemoglobin was infused to produce @entity11 . Inulin clearance 1 h after hemoglobin infusion was significantly reduced to 0.84 +/- 0.5 ml/min (P less than 0.025). Infusion of @entity10 after hemoglobin prevented the hemoglobin-induced decrease in inulin clearance. Thirty minutes of @entity0 followed by infusion of hemoglobin resulted in more severe @entity0 with inulin clearance of 0.54 +/- 0.08 ml/min. @entity10 infused at the time of reperfusion attenuated the fall in glomerular filtration rate after @entity3 and hemoglobin infusion:inulin clearance 1.04 +/- 0.07 (P less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Hemoglobin- and myoglobin-induced XXXX in @entity2 : role of @entity4 in nephrotoxicity.

answer: @entity6


abstract: In @entity3 @entity6 @entity1 free radicals may mediate injury. In addition, @entity4 appears to play a critical role in @entity9 radical formation and lipid peroxidation during reperfusion of @entity3 kidneys. To determine whether @entity4 may play a similar role in pigment (heme protein)-induced @entity6 , we studied the effects of the @entity4 chelator @entity10 in two experimental models of pigment-induced @entity6 , intramuscular @entity5 injection and intravenous hemoglobin infusion without and with concurrent @entity3 in the @entity2 . Intramuscular injection of 50% @entity5 (5 ml/kg) caused inulin clearance to fall to 0.13 +/- 0.03 (SE) ml/min (normal value, 1.0-1.2 ml/min). Continuous infusion of @entity10 beginning at the time of @entity5 injection significantly attenuated this @entity0 . @entity10 -treated animals had an inulin clearance of 0.37 +/- 0.06 ml/min (P less than 0.01). @entity5 injection was also associated with significant lipid peroxidation, measured as renal @entity7 content. @entity10 -treated @entity5 -injected @entity2 had renal @entity7 content not significantly different from control animals. In another model of @entity8 pigment-induced @entity0 , hemoglobin was infused to produce @entity11 . Inulin clearance 1 h after hemoglobin infusion was significantly reduced to 0.84 +/- 0.5 ml/min (P less than 0.025). Infusion of @entity10 after hemoglobin prevented the hemoglobin-induced decrease in inulin clearance. Thirty minutes of @entity0 followed by infusion of hemoglobin resulted in more severe @entity0 with inulin clearance of 0.54 +/- 0.08 ml/min. @entity10 infused at the time of reperfusion attenuated the fall in glomerular filtration rate after @entity3 and hemoglobin infusion:inulin clearance 1.04 +/- 0.07 (P less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Hemoglobin- and myoglobin-induced @entity6 in @entity2 : role of XXXX in nephrotoxicity.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In @entity3 @entity6 @entity1 free radicals may mediate injury. In addition, @entity4 appears to play a critical role in @entity9 radical formation and lipid peroxidation during reperfusion of @entity3 kidneys. To determine whether @entity4 may play a similar role in pigment (heme protein)-induced @entity6 , we studied the effects of the @entity4 chelator @entity10 in two experimental models of pigment-induced @entity6 , intramuscular @entity5 injection and intravenous hemoglobin infusion without and with concurrent @entity3 in the @entity2 . Intramuscular injection of 50% @entity5 (5 ml/kg) caused inulin clearance to fall to 0.13 +/- 0.03 (SE) ml/min (normal value, 1.0-1.2 ml/min). Continuous infusion of @entity10 beginning at the time of @entity5 injection significantly attenuated this @entity0 . @entity10 -treated animals had an inulin clearance of 0.37 +/- 0.06 ml/min (P less than 0.01). @entity5 injection was also associated with significant lipid peroxidation, measured as renal @entity7 content. @entity10 -treated @entity5 -injected @entity2 had renal @entity7 content not significantly different from control animals. In another model of @entity8 pigment-induced @entity0 , hemoglobin was infused to produce @entity11 . Inulin clearance 1 h after hemoglobin infusion was significantly reduced to 0.84 +/- 0.5 ml/min (P less than 0.025). Infusion of @entity10 after hemoglobin prevented the hemoglobin-induced decrease in inulin clearance. Thirty minutes of @entity0 followed by infusion of hemoglobin resulted in more severe @entity0 with inulin clearance of 0.54 +/- 0.08 ml/min. @entity10 infused at the time of reperfusion attenuated the fall in glomerular filtration rate after @entity3 and hemoglobin infusion:inulin clearance 1.04 +/- 0.07 (P less than 0.005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Hemoglobin- and myoglobin-induced @entity6 in XXXX : role of @entity4 in nephrotoxicity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Despite the success of chemotherapy in the treatment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), the complete surgical resection of the primary @entity3 and @entity1 is the most important factor for survival. METHODS: From 1989 to 1998, 141 @entity0 with @entity5 were treated in the German Cooperative Paediatric @entity3 Study @entity5 89 and @entity5 94. The study determines the results of surgical strategy, which adapts the procedure at the initial operation to the @entity2 extension in the liver and the occurrence of @entity1 . RESULTS: The median follow-up of the survivors was 72 months (range 24 - 132 months). 98/141 (78 %) @entity0 were alive and 31/141 (22 %) died. 12/141 (8.5 %) @entity0 had no surgical treatment. A complete resection of the primary @entity2 was achieved in 107/129 (83 %) cases. Forty-eight @entity0 were primary resected and eighty-one @entity0 were operated on after initial chemotherapy. In 36 cases, an @entity2 resection, in 90 cases an anatomical liver resection, was performed. Three @entity0 were transplanted. There was no perioperative @entity4 . 14/48 (30 %) @entity0 with primary @entity2 resection had microscopical or macroscopical @entity2 in the liver. Despite the larger number of advanced @entity5 in the primary chemotherapy group, an incomplete @entity2 resection was performed in only 15/78 (19 %) cases after liver resection (p < 0.044). 14/36 (38 %) cases with @entity2 resection and only 16/90 (18 %) cases with anatomical liver resection had @entity2 in the liver (p < 0.019). These results underline the necessity for preoperative chemotherapy in all @entity5 , which was accepted in the following study @entity5 99. @entity2 resection should be avoided because of the higher rate of incomplete @entity2 resections and local relapse compared to the group with anatomical @entity2 resection.

title: The influence of preoperative chemotherapy and surgical technique in the treatment of @entity5 --a report from the German Cooperative @entity3 Studies @entity5 89 and XXXX 94.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Despite the success of chemotherapy in the treatment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), the complete surgical resection of the primary @entity3 and @entity1 is the most important factor for survival. METHODS: From 1989 to 1998, 141 @entity0 with @entity5 were treated in the German Cooperative Paediatric @entity3 Study @entity5 89 and @entity5 94. The study determines the results of surgical strategy, which adapts the procedure at the initial operation to the @entity2 extension in the liver and the occurrence of @entity1 . RESULTS: The median follow-up of the survivors was 72 months (range 24 - 132 months). 98/141 (78 %) @entity0 were alive and 31/141 (22 %) died. 12/141 (8.5 %) @entity0 had no surgical treatment. A complete resection of the primary @entity2 was achieved in 107/129 (83 %) cases. Forty-eight @entity0 were primary resected and eighty-one @entity0 were operated on after initial chemotherapy. In 36 cases, an @entity2 resection, in 90 cases an anatomical liver resection, was performed. Three @entity0 were transplanted. There was no perioperative @entity4 . 14/48 (30 %) @entity0 with primary @entity2 resection had microscopical or macroscopical @entity2 in the liver. Despite the larger number of advanced @entity5 in the primary chemotherapy group, an incomplete @entity2 resection was performed in only 15/78 (19 %) cases after liver resection (p < 0.044). 14/36 (38 %) cases with @entity2 resection and only 16/90 (18 %) cases with anatomical liver resection had @entity2 in the liver (p < 0.019). These results underline the necessity for preoperative chemotherapy in all @entity5 , which was accepted in the following study @entity5 99. @entity2 resection should be avoided because of the higher rate of incomplete @entity2 resections and local relapse compared to the group with anatomical @entity2 resection.

title: The influence of preoperative chemotherapy and surgical technique in the treatment of XXXX --a report from the German Cooperative @entity3 Studies @entity5 89 and @entity5 94.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Despite the success of chemotherapy in the treatment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), the complete surgical resection of the primary @entity3 and @entity1 is the most important factor for survival. METHODS: From 1989 to 1998, 141 @entity0 with @entity5 were treated in the German Cooperative Paediatric @entity3 Study @entity5 89 and @entity5 94. The study determines the results of surgical strategy, which adapts the procedure at the initial operation to the @entity2 extension in the liver and the occurrence of @entity1 . RESULTS: The median follow-up of the survivors was 72 months (range 24 - 132 months). 98/141 (78 %) @entity0 were alive and 31/141 (22 %) died. 12/141 (8.5 %) @entity0 had no surgical treatment. A complete resection of the primary @entity2 was achieved in 107/129 (83 %) cases. Forty-eight @entity0 were primary resected and eighty-one @entity0 were operated on after initial chemotherapy. In 36 cases, an @entity2 resection, in 90 cases an anatomical liver resection, was performed. Three @entity0 were transplanted. There was no perioperative @entity4 . 14/48 (30 %) @entity0 with primary @entity2 resection had microscopical or macroscopical @entity2 in the liver. Despite the larger number of advanced @entity5 in the primary chemotherapy group, an incomplete @entity2 resection was performed in only 15/78 (19 %) cases after liver resection (p < 0.044). 14/36 (38 %) cases with @entity2 resection and only 16/90 (18 %) cases with anatomical liver resection had @entity2 in the liver (p < 0.019). These results underline the necessity for preoperative chemotherapy in all @entity5 , which was accepted in the following study @entity5 99. @entity2 resection should be avoided because of the higher rate of incomplete @entity2 resections and local relapse compared to the group with anatomical @entity2 resection.

title: The influence of preoperative chemotherapy and surgical technique in the treatment of @entity5 --a report from the German Cooperative @entity3 Studies XXXX 89 and @entity5 94.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Despite the success of chemotherapy in the treatment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), the complete surgical resection of the primary @entity3 and @entity1 is the most important factor for survival. METHODS: From 1989 to 1998, 141 @entity0 with @entity5 were treated in the German Cooperative Paediatric @entity3 Study @entity5 89 and @entity5 94. The study determines the results of surgical strategy, which adapts the procedure at the initial operation to the @entity2 extension in the liver and the occurrence of @entity1 . RESULTS: The median follow-up of the survivors was 72 months (range 24 - 132 months). 98/141 (78 %) @entity0 were alive and 31/141 (22 %) died. 12/141 (8.5 %) @entity0 had no surgical treatment. A complete resection of the primary @entity2 was achieved in 107/129 (83 %) cases. Forty-eight @entity0 were primary resected and eighty-one @entity0 were operated on after initial chemotherapy. In 36 cases, an @entity2 resection, in 90 cases an anatomical liver resection, was performed. Three @entity0 were transplanted. There was no perioperative @entity4 . 14/48 (30 %) @entity0 with primary @entity2 resection had microscopical or macroscopical @entity2 in the liver. Despite the larger number of advanced @entity5 in the primary chemotherapy group, an incomplete @entity2 resection was performed in only 15/78 (19 %) cases after liver resection (p < 0.044). 14/36 (38 %) cases with @entity2 resection and only 16/90 (18 %) cases with anatomical liver resection had @entity2 in the liver (p < 0.019). These results underline the necessity for preoperative chemotherapy in all @entity5 , which was accepted in the following study @entity5 99. @entity2 resection should be avoided because of the higher rate of incomplete @entity2 resections and local relapse compared to the group with anatomical @entity2 resection.

title: The influence of preoperative chemotherapy and surgical technique in the treatment of @entity5 --a report from the German Cooperative XXXX Studies @entity5 89 and @entity5 94.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Our primary objective was to compare use of @entity6 for @entity0 with and without @entity3 as a result of isolated lower extremity @entity1 , in the @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Our secondary objective was to compare the analgesic practices of emergency physicians (EPs) with that of physician assistants ( @entity7 ). We performed a prospective, blinded cohort study with the presence of @entity3 as the risk factor and provision of any @entity2 medication while in the @entity4 as the primary outcome. Included in the study were all @entity0 who presented to a 90,000 visit suburban teaching hospital with an isolated @entity1 who received a radiograph of the foot or ankle over a 9-week period. We excluded @entity0 without @entity1 , with @entity5 , admitted, or seen by one of the investigators. @entity0 admitted and those with @entity5 were excluded because these @entity0 had contacts with multiple physicians and it is unlikely they would be able to differentiate which physician prescribed medication and if they were emergency personnel. We defined @entity6 as any @entity2 medication at any dose. One investigator preformed follow-up interviews using a standardized questionnaire 3 days after the visit. @entity0 expressed their recollection of their degree of @entity2 using a verbal analog scale of 1 to 10. We report crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR). Of 516 consecutive @entity0 , 111 met exclusion criteria and 3 had incomplete data. Of the remaining 405, we contacted 384 (95%) in an average of 3 +/- 1 days. @entity0 with and without @entity3 recalled their initial degree of @entity2 similarly, with the mean initial @entity2 scores on the verbal analog scale of 6.6 +/- 2.5 versus 6.8 +/- 2.1 respectively. @entity0 with a @entity3 were more likely to @entity2 medication while in the @entity4 (23% v 15% P =.047, OR 1.75 (CI 95% 1.02, 2.99). EPs gave some form of @entity4 @entity6 to 29% of @entity0 , as compared with 10% of @entity0 seen by @entity7 (OR = 3.58 CI 95% 2.05, 6.24). EPs provided a prescription to 44% of @entity0 versus 21% of @entity0 seen by @entity7 (OR = 2.91 CI 95% 1.85, 4.57). Our estimated adjusted ORs for providing @entity6 in the @entity4 were: @entity3 = 2.0 (CI 95% 1.13, 3.58); EP: 3.52 (CI 95% 1.98, 2.99); and for every additional point on the verbal @entity2 scale: 1.28 (CI 95% 1.11, 1.48). @entity0 with @entity3 were more likely to @entity2 , despite reporting identical degree of @entity2 . EPs were more likely to provide @entity6 than @entity7 .

title: Painful discrimination: the differential use of XXXX in isolated lower limb injuries.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Right @entity8 due to @entity4 can be diagnosed by a right precordial electrogram or by first-pass radionuclide angiography (FPRNA). Prior FPRNA studies have shown that @entity3 after blunt @entity5 ( @entity2 ) is most often due to right @entity1 . We hypothesized that right @entity1 due to @entity4 and @entity2 should produce similar ECG changes due to myocyte disruption. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of the right precordial electrogram in suspected @entity3 . Thirty-five @entity0 with suspected @entity2 based on mechanism of injury/clinical findings and no history of clinical @entity3 were enrolled prospectively. All @entity0 had conventional ECG, right precordial electrogram, and FPRNA studies. Twenty @entity0 had normal cardiac scans (group 1); percentage of myocardial @entity6 kinase (CK-MB) was measured in 12 of these @entity0 and was less than 5% in 11. Fifteen @entity0 had abnormal cardiac scans (wall motion abnormality and/or decreased right ventricular ejection fraction) (mean, 34% +/- 7% [SD]; normal, greater than 40%) (group 2); percentage of CK-MB was measured in 13 of 15 @entity0 and was less than 5% in all 13. Conventional ECGs and right precordial electrograms in all @entity0 were analyzed for differences in heart rate, PR interval, QRS duration, @entity7 complex and ST segment. There were no significant differences between group 1 and group 2 @entity0 . No @entity0 with @entity2 diagnosed by FPRNA had elevated ST segments in V4R through V6R or a percentage CK-MB of more than 5%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Conventional and right precordial ECGs, @entity6 kinase, and radionuclide angiography in post-traumatic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Right @entity8 due to @entity4 can be diagnosed by a right precordial electrogram or by first-pass radionuclide angiography (FPRNA). Prior FPRNA studies have shown that @entity3 after blunt @entity5 ( @entity2 ) is most often due to right @entity1 . We hypothesized that right @entity1 due to @entity4 and @entity2 should produce similar ECG changes due to myocyte disruption. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of the right precordial electrogram in suspected @entity3 . Thirty-five @entity0 with suspected @entity2 based on mechanism of injury/clinical findings and no history of clinical @entity3 were enrolled prospectively. All @entity0 had conventional ECG, right precordial electrogram, and FPRNA studies. Twenty @entity0 had normal cardiac scans (group 1); percentage of myocardial @entity6 kinase (CK-MB) was measured in 12 of these @entity0 and was less than 5% in 11. Fifteen @entity0 had abnormal cardiac scans (wall motion abnormality and/or decreased right ventricular ejection fraction) (mean, 34% +/- 7% [SD]; normal, greater than 40%) (group 2); percentage of CK-MB was measured in 13 of 15 @entity0 and was less than 5% in all 13. Conventional ECGs and right precordial electrograms in all @entity0 were analyzed for differences in heart rate, PR interval, QRS duration, @entity7 complex and ST segment. There were no significant differences between group 1 and group 2 @entity0 . No @entity0 with @entity2 diagnosed by FPRNA had elevated ST segments in V4R through V6R or a percentage CK-MB of more than 5%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Conventional and right precordial ECGs, XXXX kinase, and radionuclide angiography in post-traumatic @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: In 1982 and 1983 a prospective study was carried out involving 274 adult @entity0 hospitalized with community-acquired @entity5 . The results of the bacteriological and serological diagnoses are presented here. Conventional and standardized bacteriological methods were used. All the serodiagnoses of LD were carried out with the 13 antigens produced by the "Centre National de R  f  rence" ( @entity8 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; L. micdadei; L. bozemanii, @entity12 , L. jordanis; L. gormanii; @entity13 1 and 2). Standardized criteria were used for the interpretation of results. Conventional methods were used for the other serodiagnoses. Because the laboratory results had been interpreted very rigorously, an etiological diagnosis was established only in 51% of @entity1 cases. Other reasons, such as the frequent prescription of antibiotics prior to hospitalization, may explain why no aetiology could be determined in 49% of cases. The microbial agents responsible were: @entity9 , @entity13 and @entity9 in 62% of cases; @entity3 , @entity11 , @entity7 and @entity6 in 21.6%; and viruses in 8.6%. 29 (10%) of the 274 @entity1 cases were caused by @entity13 , being second to @entity9 . The preponderance of @entity8 was striking (22 cases), 3 @entity13 strains were isolated ( @entity8 serogroup 1:2 strains, serogroup 6:1 strain). Three associated or successive infections were observed ( @entity4 , @entity10 , @entity2 ). As regards the other bacteria, implication of the strain isolated was based on its multiple occurrence in several samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Bacteriological and serological diagnosis of community-acquired XXXX , specially Legionnaire's disease. Multicentric prospective study of 274 hospitalized @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: In 1982 and 1983 a prospective study was carried out involving 274 adult @entity0 hospitalized with community-acquired @entity5 . The results of the bacteriological and serological diagnoses are presented here. Conventional and standardized bacteriological methods were used. All the serodiagnoses of LD were carried out with the 13 antigens produced by the "Centre National de R  f  rence" ( @entity8 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6; L. micdadei; L. bozemanii, @entity12 , L. jordanis; L. gormanii; @entity13 1 and 2). Standardized criteria were used for the interpretation of results. Conventional methods were used for the other serodiagnoses. Because the laboratory results had been interpreted very rigorously, an etiological diagnosis was established only in 51% of @entity1 cases. Other reasons, such as the frequent prescription of antibiotics prior to hospitalization, may explain why no aetiology could be determined in 49% of cases. The microbial agents responsible were: @entity9 , @entity13 and @entity9 in 62% of cases; @entity3 , @entity11 , @entity7 and @entity6 in 21.6%; and viruses in 8.6%. 29 (10%) of the 274 @entity1 cases were caused by @entity13 , being second to @entity9 . The preponderance of @entity8 was striking (22 cases), 3 @entity13 strains were isolated ( @entity8 serogroup 1:2 strains, serogroup 6:1 strain). Three associated or successive infections were observed ( @entity4 , @entity10 , @entity2 ). As regards the other bacteria, implication of the strain isolated was based on its multiple occurrence in several samples.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Bacteriological and serological diagnosis of community-acquired @entity5 , specially Legionnaire's disease. Multicentric prospective study of 274 hospitalized XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Cardiac looping, which begins with ventral bending and rightward rotation of the primitive heart tube, is an essential morphogenetic event that occurs early in vertebrate development. The biophysical mechanism that drives this process is unknown. It has been speculated that increased stiffness along the dorsal side of the ventricle combined with an intrinsic cardiac force causes the heart to bend. There is no experimental support for this hypothesis, however, since little is known about regional mechanical properties of the heart during looping. We directly measured diastolic stiffness of the @entity0 ( @entity0 ), outer curvature (OC), and dorsal-ventral sides of the stage 12 @entity1 heart by microindentation. The @entity0 of intact hearts was found to be significantly stiffer than either the OC or the sides. which were of similar stiffness. Isolated cardiac jelly, which is a thick, extracellular matrix compartment underlying the myocardium, was approximately an order of magnitude softer than intact hearts. The results of a computational model simulating the indentation experiments, combined with the stiffness measurements, suggests the regional variation in stiffness is due to the material properties of the myocardium. A second model shows that a relatively stiff @entity0 may facilitate bending of the heart tube during looping.

title: Mechanical asymmetry in the embryonic XXXX heart during looping.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Thirteen @entity0 with metastatic @entity8 were treated with two different chemotherapy regimens. Six @entity0 were treated with three antitumor drugs, UFT, @entity9 (Group A) and the other seven @entity0 were treated with two antitumor drugs, @entity9 (Group B). Initial response to each therapy was compared with the changes in @entity2 size on CT scan and clinical state before and after treatment. Five cases in Group A demonstrated complete remission and one case revealed partial response on CT scan. The @entity3 on CT scan at one month in one case of partial response also completely disappeared after three months. It was thought that there might have been an effect of UFT in this case. Four cases in Group B showed complete remission and three cases revealed partial response on CT scan. However, the CT findings in the three cases of partial response were unchanged on follow-up CT scan. Clinical state evaluated by Karnofsky scale did not deteriorate in Group A, while three cases showed a deteriorated Karnofsky scale in Group B. As side effects, there were mild myelosuppression, @entity6 and @entity7 in both Groups, which did not persist for a long time. The cause of @entity5 in both Groups was mainly recurrence of the @entity4 or @entity1 to other organs. It was thought that the effect in Group A was better than that in Group B as a result of these findings. The tissue concentration of @entity9 was measured in six @entity0 , and the mean value was 0.558 micrograms/g at 15 min. This concentration was thought high enough to kill @entity2 cells.

title: [The effect of combined chemotherapy with UFT, cis-platinum and aclarubicin in metastatic XXXX ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: The effects of pineal peptides (mol. mass 1-4 kDa) intranasal infusions on some parameters of milk-ejection reflex were investigated. Peptides were extracted from dairy- @entity1 pineal glands. Pineal peptides increase body weight, levels of water intake, plasma prolactin concentration and milk yield in @entity0 when infusing daily in dose 1 microgram/kg from the third day of lactation. On 9th and 12th days of lactation during 1-hour nursing seance the significantly greater number of reflective milk ejections were found. When 1 hour before the peptides infusion @entity0 were intraperitoneally injected by rabbit antiserum to @entity2 (200 microliters at dilution of 1:20) the effects of pineal peptides were significantly less expressive or were absent at all. Using enzymimmunoassay it was demonstrated that there were greater increasing of @entity2 content in pineal gland in suckling-induced @entity2 release from neurohypophysial system in the chronic pineal peptides-treated female @entity0 compared with control. This effect was absent when @entity0 were injected by @entity2 antibodies. These data suggest that pineal peptides can participate in forming of reflect @entity2 release pattern. This pattern is initiated by suckling and is limited by @entity2 content in blood.

title: [Pineal peptides in the regulation of milk-ejection reflex in lactating XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: We report a case of adult @entity9 ( @entity9 ) associated with group A @entity3 . A 37-year-old male had suffered from high fever, @entity7 , @entity4 , and @entity6 following pharyngalgia. He was admitted to the hospital because of cutaneous @entity5 and @entity0 making the general condition rapidly poor. A serological streptococcal test showed a marked increase in antistreptlysin-O (ASO) and a positive reaction to C polysaccharide, suggesting fulminant @entity3 . Various antibiotics including @entity1 agents were administered. However improvement and exacerbation were repeatedly noted. In the hospital course @entity8 and subcutaneous nodes in upper extremities developed. Biopsy specimen of subcutaneous nodes revealed @entity0 . Administration of a @entity2 achieved complete response, and the symptoms, inflammatory reaction, and ASO level improved. While the dose of the @entity2 was tapered gradually, recurrence was noted. However, increasing the dose finally resulted in relief. During the 2-year follow-up, there was a correlation between the ASO level and inflammatory reaction.

title: [A case of adult @entity9 associated with fulminant group A XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: We report a case of adult @entity9 ( @entity9 ) associated with group A @entity3 . A 37-year-old male had suffered from high fever, @entity7 , @entity4 , and @entity6 following pharyngalgia. He was admitted to the hospital because of cutaneous @entity5 and @entity0 making the general condition rapidly poor. A serological streptococcal test showed a marked increase in antistreptlysin-O (ASO) and a positive reaction to C polysaccharide, suggesting fulminant @entity3 . Various antibiotics including @entity1 agents were administered. However improvement and exacerbation were repeatedly noted. In the hospital course @entity8 and subcutaneous nodes in upper extremities developed. Biopsy specimen of subcutaneous nodes revealed @entity0 . Administration of a @entity2 achieved complete response, and the symptoms, inflammatory reaction, and ASO level improved. While the dose of the @entity2 was tapered gradually, recurrence was noted. However, increasing the dose finally resulted in relief. During the 2-year follow-up, there was a correlation between the ASO level and inflammatory reaction.

title: [A case of adult XXXX associated with fulminant group A @entity3 ].

answer: @entity9


abstract: A case of multiple superficial temporal artery (STA) @entity8 following craniotomy is reported and a review of the literature is made. The @entity0 was a 17-year-old male who was hospitalized as he developed @entity5 4 hours after @entity1 to the left temporal region. He had been diagnosed as @entity3 one year prior to the injury. CT scan showed right parietal @entity7 with mass effect when he was submitted to emergency craniotomy. At surgery a linear scalp incision was made over the left temporal area after high factor @entity4 concentrates (con- @entity4 ), 2,000 units, were administered. His postoperative course was uneventful and @entity5 improved substantially, however two pulsatile masses along the incision scar over the scalp were noticed some 40 days after the @entity6 removal. There was another pulsating mass in the left wrist where an arterial cannulation was made at the time of craniotomy. Selective angiograms showed two left STA @entity8 was also demonstrated. The left STA was embolized with Gelfoam pieces through catheterization after administration of con- @entity4 , and the @entity2 was surgically resected. There was no evidence of recurrence of these lesions during the follow-up period of eight months. Among over 130 cases of @entity8 reported, there was no case with @entity3 and also no such a case described which developed after craniotomy on reviewing the literature. And it was proved that con- @entity4 has enabled a @entity0 to tolerate embolization procedure through catheterization.

title: [A case of multiple superficial temporal artery XXXX following craniotomy].

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine which @entity0 suspected of having @entity1 benefit from preoperative imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 462 consecutive @entity0 who underwent appendectomy for clinically suspected @entity1 and underwent preoperative evaluation at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. @entity0 were divided into four groups: @entity0 (n = 166), @entity0 (n = 46), @entity0 (n = 178), and @entity0 (n = 72). Preoperative computed tomography (CT) or ultrasonography (US), requested by the referring clinician, was performed in 313 of the 462 @entity0 . Unnecessary, or negative, appendectomy and perforation rates were calculated for each group for preoperative evaluation with CT, with US, and with neither CT nor US. In addition, the sensitivity and positive predictive value of CT and US were calculated for diagnosing @entity2 . RESULTS: In @entity0 , the negative appendectomy rate was significantly lower for those who underwent preoperative CT (7% [six of 85 @entity0 ], P =.005) or US (8% [four of 49 @entity0 ], P =.019), as compared with 28% [nine of 32 @entity0 ] for those who underwent no preoperative imaging (P >.35 for all groups). The negative appendectomy rates for @entity0 , @entity0 , and @entity0 were not significantly affected by preoperative imaging. The sensitivity of CT and US for diagnosing @entity1 exceeded 93% and 77%, respectively, in all groups. The positive predictive values for both CT and US were greater than 92% in all groups. CONCLUSION: @entity0 suspected of having @entity2 benefit the most from preoperative CT or US, with a statistically significantly lower negative appendectomy rate than @entity0 who undergo no preoperative imaging. Therefore, we propose that preoperative imaging be considered part of the routine evaluation of @entity0 suspected of having @entity1 .

title: Imaging for suspected XXXX : negative appendectomy and perforation rates.

answer: @entity2