abstract: RATIONALE: @entity0 studies and @entity1 models have provided evidence for @entity7 ( @entity7 )-based mechanisms as an underlying cause of @entity2 localized to the ascending aorta. In agreement with this associative evidence, we have published recently that @entity7 infusion induces aneurysmal pathology in the ascending aorta. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to define the role of @entity7 type 1a ( @entity4 (1a)) receptors and their cellular location in @entity7 -induced ascending @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Male @entity5 (-/-) @entity1 were fed a saturated fat-enriched diet for 1 week before osmotic mini-pump implantation and infused with either saline or @entity7 (1000 ng/kg per minute) for 28 days. Intimal surface areas of ascending aortas were measured to quantify ascending @entity3 . Whole body @entity4 (1a) receptor deficiency ablated @entity7 -induced ascending @entity3 (P<0.001). To determine the role of @entity4 (1a) receptors on leukocytes, @entity5 (-/-) @entity4 (1a) receptor(+/+) or @entity4 (1a) receptor(-/-) @entity1 were irradiated and repopulated with bone marrow-derived cells isolated from either @entity4 (1a) receptor(+/+) or @entity4 (1a) receptor(-/-) @entity1 . @entity4 (1a) receptors in bone marrow-derived cells had no effect on @entity7 -induced ascending @entity3 . To determine the role of @entity4 (1a) receptors on vascular wall cells, we developed @entity4 (1a) receptor floxed @entity1 with depletion on either smooth muscle or endothelial cells using Cre driven by either @entity8 or @entity6 , respectively. @entity4 (1a) receptor deletion in smooth muscle cells had no effect on ascending @entity3 . In contrast, endothelial-specific depletion attenuated this pathology. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 infusion promotes @entity2 in the ascending aorta via stimulation of @entity4 (1a) receptors that are expressed on endothelial cells.

title: Endothelial cell-specific deficiency of @entity7 type 1a receptors attenuates @entity7 -induced ascending XXXX in @entity5 -/- @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity0 studies and @entity1 models have provided evidence for @entity7 ( @entity7 )-based mechanisms as an underlying cause of @entity2 localized to the ascending aorta. In agreement with this associative evidence, we have published recently that @entity7 infusion induces aneurysmal pathology in the ascending aorta. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to define the role of @entity7 type 1a ( @entity4 (1a)) receptors and their cellular location in @entity7 -induced ascending @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Male @entity5 (-/-) @entity1 were fed a saturated fat-enriched diet for 1 week before osmotic mini-pump implantation and infused with either saline or @entity7 (1000 ng/kg per minute) for 28 days. Intimal surface areas of ascending aortas were measured to quantify ascending @entity3 . Whole body @entity4 (1a) receptor deficiency ablated @entity7 -induced ascending @entity3 (P<0.001). To determine the role of @entity4 (1a) receptors on leukocytes, @entity5 (-/-) @entity4 (1a) receptor(+/+) or @entity4 (1a) receptor(-/-) @entity1 were irradiated and repopulated with bone marrow-derived cells isolated from either @entity4 (1a) receptor(+/+) or @entity4 (1a) receptor(-/-) @entity1 . @entity4 (1a) receptors in bone marrow-derived cells had no effect on @entity7 -induced ascending @entity3 . To determine the role of @entity4 (1a) receptors on vascular wall cells, we developed @entity4 (1a) receptor floxed @entity1 with depletion on either smooth muscle or endothelial cells using Cre driven by either @entity8 or @entity6 , respectively. @entity4 (1a) receptor deletion in smooth muscle cells had no effect on ascending @entity3 . In contrast, endothelial-specific depletion attenuated this pathology. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 infusion promotes @entity2 in the ascending aorta via stimulation of @entity4 (1a) receptors that are expressed on endothelial cells.

title: Endothelial cell-specific deficiency of @entity7 type 1a receptors attenuates @entity7 -induced ascending @entity3 in XXXX -/- @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity0 studies and @entity1 models have provided evidence for @entity7 ( @entity7 )-based mechanisms as an underlying cause of @entity2 localized to the ascending aorta. In agreement with this associative evidence, we have published recently that @entity7 infusion induces aneurysmal pathology in the ascending aorta. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to define the role of @entity7 type 1a ( @entity4 (1a)) receptors and their cellular location in @entity7 -induced ascending @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Male @entity5 (-/-) @entity1 were fed a saturated fat-enriched diet for 1 week before osmotic mini-pump implantation and infused with either saline or @entity7 (1000 ng/kg per minute) for 28 days. Intimal surface areas of ascending aortas were measured to quantify ascending @entity3 . Whole body @entity4 (1a) receptor deficiency ablated @entity7 -induced ascending @entity3 (P<0.001). To determine the role of @entity4 (1a) receptors on leukocytes, @entity5 (-/-) @entity4 (1a) receptor(+/+) or @entity4 (1a) receptor(-/-) @entity1 were irradiated and repopulated with bone marrow-derived cells isolated from either @entity4 (1a) receptor(+/+) or @entity4 (1a) receptor(-/-) @entity1 . @entity4 (1a) receptors in bone marrow-derived cells had no effect on @entity7 -induced ascending @entity3 . To determine the role of @entity4 (1a) receptors on vascular wall cells, we developed @entity4 (1a) receptor floxed @entity1 with depletion on either smooth muscle or endothelial cells using Cre driven by either @entity8 or @entity6 , respectively. @entity4 (1a) receptor deletion in smooth muscle cells had no effect on ascending @entity3 . In contrast, endothelial-specific depletion attenuated this pathology. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 infusion promotes @entity2 in the ascending aorta via stimulation of @entity4 (1a) receptors that are expressed on endothelial cells.

title: Endothelial cell-specific deficiency of @entity7 type 1a receptors attenuates @entity7 -induced ascending @entity3 in @entity5 -/- XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the relationship between the size of @entity3 , pathologic classification, cell differentiation or location of @entity3 and lymph node @entity2 in @entity1 . METHODS: Three hundred and thirty-two @entity0 with @entity1 underwent pulmonectomy plus extensive dissection of hilar and mediastinal nodes. The law of lymph node @entity2 was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 3 280 lymph nodes were removed. Metastatic rates of N1 and N2 were 29.9% and 22.4% respectively. The total lymph node metastatic rates of T1, T2, and T3 diseases were 8.5%, 27.4% and 61.2% respectively ( P < 0.005). No lymphatic @entity2 was observed in well-differentiated @entity5 , however, the lymph node metastatic rates in moderate- and poor-differentiated @entity5 were 16.8% and 19.6% respectively. The lymph node metastatic rates were 27.5% and 71.6% in moderate- and poor-differentiated @entity4 respectively ( P < 0.005). The total lymph node metastatic rates in central and peripheral @entity5 were 19.6% and 11.7% respectively ( P < 0.005), while in @entity4 , the rates were 57.9% and 24.0% respectively ( P < 0.005). The N2 metastatic rates in central and peripheral @entity5 were 10.9% and 2.9% respectively ( P < 0.005), while in @entity4 , the rates were 47.5% and 17.8% respectively ( P < 0.005 ). Under the same T status, cell differentiation or location of @entity3 , the metastatic rate of @entity4 was much higher than that of @entity5 ( P < 0.005 ). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of lymph node @entity2 significantly correlate with size of @entity3 , pathological classification, cell differentiation and location of @entity3 .

title: [Clinical study on the metastatic patterns of lymph node in XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse @entity1 volume (TV) in clinically @entity2 @entity0 treated with neo-adjuvant combined @entity3 blockade ( @entity4 ) therapy prior to radical prostatectomy. @entity0 AND METHODS: Two hundred consecutive @entity0 treated between 1996 and 2000 were retrospectively analysed. Fifty @entity0 underwent radical prostatectomy alone and 45 were treated with @entity4 for 1-3 months, 83 for 4-6 months and 22 for more than 6 months before surgery. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the strongest independent prognosticator of organ-confined disease. RESULTS: No evidence of @entity1 was found in 11 specimens (5.6%). Regarding TV, 20 specimens showed less than 0.1cc, 33 between 0.1 and 0.49cc and 86 more than 0.5cc. Smaller TV was found in @entity4 -treated @entity0 . Significant correlation was observed between treatment duration and TV. In logistic regression analysis, only @entity4 duration and TV were significantly correlated with organ-confined disease. CONCLUSIONS: Prominent regressive features and lower TV were found after neo-adjuvant @entity4 . It seems that more prolonged treatment may lead to greater tumoural regression. Only @entity1 burden and length of @entity4 therapy were independent variables significantly correlated with pathologically @entity2 .

title: A longer duration of neo-adjuvant combined XXXX blockade prior to radical prostatectomy may lead to lower @entity1 volume of @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse @entity1 volume (TV) in clinically @entity2 @entity0 treated with neo-adjuvant combined @entity3 blockade ( @entity4 ) therapy prior to radical prostatectomy. @entity0 AND METHODS: Two hundred consecutive @entity0 treated between 1996 and 2000 were retrospectively analysed. Fifty @entity0 underwent radical prostatectomy alone and 45 were treated with @entity4 for 1-3 months, 83 for 4-6 months and 22 for more than 6 months before surgery. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the strongest independent prognosticator of organ-confined disease. RESULTS: No evidence of @entity1 was found in 11 specimens (5.6%). Regarding TV, 20 specimens showed less than 0.1cc, 33 between 0.1 and 0.49cc and 86 more than 0.5cc. Smaller TV was found in @entity4 -treated @entity0 . Significant correlation was observed between treatment duration and TV. In logistic regression analysis, only @entity4 duration and TV were significantly correlated with organ-confined disease. CONCLUSIONS: Prominent regressive features and lower TV were found after neo-adjuvant @entity4 . It seems that more prolonged treatment may lead to greater tumoural regression. Only @entity1 burden and length of @entity4 therapy were independent variables significantly correlated with pathologically @entity2 .

title: A longer duration of neo-adjuvant combined @entity3 blockade prior to radical prostatectomy may lead to lower @entity1 volume of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse @entity1 volume (TV) in clinically @entity2 @entity0 treated with neo-adjuvant combined @entity3 blockade ( @entity4 ) therapy prior to radical prostatectomy. @entity0 AND METHODS: Two hundred consecutive @entity0 treated between 1996 and 2000 were retrospectively analysed. Fifty @entity0 underwent radical prostatectomy alone and 45 were treated with @entity4 for 1-3 months, 83 for 4-6 months and 22 for more than 6 months before surgery. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the strongest independent prognosticator of organ-confined disease. RESULTS: No evidence of @entity1 was found in 11 specimens (5.6%). Regarding TV, 20 specimens showed less than 0.1cc, 33 between 0.1 and 0.49cc and 86 more than 0.5cc. Smaller TV was found in @entity4 -treated @entity0 . Significant correlation was observed between treatment duration and TV. In logistic regression analysis, only @entity4 duration and TV were significantly correlated with organ-confined disease. CONCLUSIONS: Prominent regressive features and lower TV were found after neo-adjuvant @entity4 . It seems that more prolonged treatment may lead to greater tumoural regression. Only @entity1 burden and length of @entity4 therapy were independent variables significantly correlated with pathologically @entity2 .

title: A longer duration of neo-adjuvant combined @entity3 blockade prior to radical prostatectomy may lead to lower XXXX volume of @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Many of the risk factors and pathogenesis of urothelial @entity6 are similar to the ones of the more common urothelial @entity4 . In addition, two endemic @entity2 and two @entity3 have been linked with the development of upper @entity1 . Multiple synchronous or metachronous lesions throughout urinary tract are rather common and should always be sought in the management of this entity. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice in early-stage @entity1 . The role of adjuvant radiation and chemoradiation for @entity6 remains to be redefined, given the advent of conformal approaches and intensity modulation. In non-surgical candidates, chemotherapy remains the mainstay. Metastatic urothelial renal @entity1 is usually treated with combination @entity7 -based chemotherapy. Definitive radiation therapy should be considered in @entity0 with locally advanced/unresectable disease, multiple comorbidities, and/or severely compromised performance status. Recently, the antifolate agent pemetrexed has demonstrated an overall response rate of circa 30% in @entity5 . New targeted agents, alone or in combination with cytotoxic drugs, are currently being tested in clinical trials and may lead to new and exciting avenues for the therapy of this disease.

title: Newer developments in the therapeutics of the transitional cell XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Recent studies suggest that preoperative left ventricular function may no longer be an important determinant of survival or functional results after operation for @entity1 because of improved operative techniques. To assess the effect of left ventricular function on prognosis in the current surgical era, we performed echocardiographic and radionuclide angiographic studies in 80 consecutive @entity0 undergoing valve replacement from 1976 to 1983. No @entity0 had associated @entity2 . For all @entity0 , 5 year survival was 83 +/- 5%, significantly better than the 62 +/- 9% 5 year survival in our @entity0 operated on from 1972 to 1976. Preoperative resting left ventricular ejection fraction (p less than .001), fractional shortening (p less than .001), and end-systolic dimension (p less than .01) were the most significant predictors of survival (univariate life-table analysis). Five year survival was 63 +/- 12% in @entity0 with subnormal ejection fraction (n = 50) compared with 96 +/- 3% in those with normal ejection fraction (n = 30). @entity0 with subnormal left ventricular ejection fraction and poor exercise tolerance or prolonged duration of @entity3 (greater than 18 months) comprised the high-risk subgroup (5 year survival 52 +/- 11%). @entity0 in this subgroup also had persistent @entity3 after operation, with greater left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions and reduced ejection fraction (both p less than .001) compared with @entity0 with normal preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction or a brief duration of @entity3 (less than 14 months). Cold hyperkalemic cardioplegia was used for myocardial preservation in 46 @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Survival and functional results after valve replacement for XXXX from 1976 to 1983: impact of preoperative left ventricular function.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We examined the interaction of complement component C3 with surface molecules on @entity0 . Five- to six-fold more C3 was bound to epimastigotes (Epi) than to metacyclic trypomastigotes (CMT) of strain M88. Epi and CMT were surface iodinated, then incubated in @entity6 serum, and detergent lysates were applied to anti-C3 antibody that had been coupled to @entity3 . We found that 9.20-10.24% of applied 125I-Epi protein bound to anti-C3- @entity3 , compared to 2.64% binding of 125I-CMT protein. @entity2 - @entity1 gel electrophoresis showed that C3 was attached to 125I-Epi protein by a covalent bond. Samples eluted from anti-C3- @entity3 with @entity4 revealed a single, major, 72 kD band, suggesting that C3b attaches almost exclusively to the 72 kD glycoprotein of Epi by a @entity4 -susceptible @entity5 bond. An antiserum was prepared from lysates of serum-treated Epi that had been affinity-purified on anti-C3- @entity3 . This antiserum immunoprecipitated a single 72 kD component (gp72) from surface-iodinated Epi, and specifically recognized only gp72 from Epi in immunoblots. In contrast to the results with Epi, gp72 on CMT was not found to be an efficient acceptor molecule for C3 deposition. The results are the first to evaluate the acceptor site for C3 deposition on a parasite, and they show that gp72 on Epi, but not gp72 on CMT, serves as the preferential acceptor for C3 during antibody-independent alternative complement pathway activation.

title: gp72, the 72 kilodalton glycoprotein, is the membrane acceptor site for C3 on XXXX epimastigotes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: @entity2 remains a major and lethal health problem. In Nepal, not much has been explored about its management. The aim of this study was to conduct a retrospective review of @entity2 @entity0 undergoing surgery or combined modality treatment at a @entity1 hospital in Nepal. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Resectable cases were treated primarily with surgery. Locally advanced cases with doubtful or obviously unresectability underwent preoperative chemo/radiation or chemoradiation followed by surgery. RESULTS: Among 900 @entity0 , 103 were treated with curative intent. Mean age of @entity0 was 54 years, and 100% of the @entity0 presented with complaint of @entity4 . Surgery as a single modality of treatment was done in 57% of cases, and the remaining underwent combined modality treatment. Transthoracic and transhiatal approaches were used in 95% and 5% of cases, respectively. Nodal sampling, two-field (2- @entity5 ), and three-field lymphadenectomy (3- @entity5 ) were done in 18%, 59%, and 20% of cases, respectively. A majority of @entity0 had pathological @entity1 (46.6%). In-hospitality mortality was 5%, and @entity3 rate was 14%. In 87% of @entity0 , R0 resection was achieved. Overall, 4-year survival was 20%. A R0 resection, early-stage disease and 3- @entity5 favored the survival advantage (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The mortality, complication, and survival results were in the acceptable range. R0 resection and radical nodal dissection should be standard practice.

title: Eight-year experience in XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To perform a randomized comparative study to investigate the clinical effects of extracorporeal magnetic innervation (ExMI) and functional electrical stimulation (FES) on @entity1 after retropubic radical prostatectomy. METHODS: Thirty-six @entity0 with @entity1 after radical prostatectomy were randomly assigned to three groups (12 @entity0 each in the FES, ExMI, and control groups). For FES, an anal electrode was used. Pulses of 20-Hz square waves at a 300-micros pulse duration were used for 15 minutes twice daily for 1 month. For ExMI, the Neocontrol system was used. The treatment sessions were for 20 minutes, twice a week for 2 months. The frequency of the pulse field was 10 Hz for 10 minutes, followed by a second treatment at 50 Hz for 10 minutes. For the control group, only pelvic floor muscle exercises were performed. Objective measures included bladder diaries, 24-hour pad weight testing, and a quality-of-life survey, at 1, 2, and 4 weeks and 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 months after removing the catheter. RESULTS: The leakage weight during the 24 hours after removing the catheter was 684, 698, and 664 g for the FES, ExMI, and control groups, respectively. At 1 month, it was 72, 83, and 175 g (FES versus control, P <0.05) and at 2 months was 54, 18, and 92 g (ExMI versus control, P <0.05) in the FES, ExMI, and control groups, respectively. Finally, 6 months later, the average 24-hour leakage weight was less than 10 g in all groups. Quality-of-life measures decreased after surgery, but gradually improved over time in all groups. No complications were noted in any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: ExMI and FES therapies offered earlier continence compared with the control group after radical prostatectomy. We consider ExMI and FES to be recommendable options for @entity0 who want quick improvement of postoperative @entity1 .

title: Comparative study of effects of extracorporeal magnetic innervation versus electrical stimulation for XXXX after radical prostatectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Methods are described to study cell surface and cytoplasmic antigens of cultured @entity0 @entity1 , fetal brain cells and fibroblasts using flow cytometry. This required harvesting the cultured cells with @entity5 or mild trypsin treatment and fixation in 4% @entity6 prior to staining for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and fibronectin using indirect immunofluorescence. At passage 10, 38% of fetal brain cells [CHII] were @entity3 -positive but at passage 14 only 3.5% expressed @entity3 . Two @entity2 and an @entity4 had 38.8%, 6.7% and 81.3% @entity3 -positive cells, respectively. Of the 10(4) cells studied, 91.6%, 79.1% and 40.8% were fibronectin-positive for @entity2 multiforme [12-18], @entity7 [12-10] and fetal brain [CHII] cells, respectively. Two fibroblast lines had 33.5% and 43.1% of the cells expressing fibronectin. The validity of these results was confirmed by staining for @entity3 and fibronectin using peroxidase-antiperoxidase and immunofluorescence microscopy. Using low angle forward light scatter to estimate cell size and gating techniques it was found that @entity3 -positive CHII and @entity4 cells were generally larger than @entity3 -negative cells of the same type. No correlation between cell size and fibronectin expression was found for @entity2 [12-18] cells. These results demonstrate the validity of the described methods and illustrate some specific applications and the potential value of flow cytometry to neurooncology.

title: Application of flow cytometry to analyses of cultured @entity0 XXXX and fetal brain cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Methods are described to study cell surface and cytoplasmic antigens of cultured @entity0 @entity1 , fetal brain cells and fibroblasts using flow cytometry. This required harvesting the cultured cells with @entity5 or mild trypsin treatment and fixation in 4% @entity6 prior to staining for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and fibronectin using indirect immunofluorescence. At passage 10, 38% of fetal brain cells [CHII] were @entity3 -positive but at passage 14 only 3.5% expressed @entity3 . Two @entity2 and an @entity4 had 38.8%, 6.7% and 81.3% @entity3 -positive cells, respectively. Of the 10(4) cells studied, 91.6%, 79.1% and 40.8% were fibronectin-positive for @entity2 multiforme [12-18], @entity7 [12-10] and fetal brain [CHII] cells, respectively. Two fibroblast lines had 33.5% and 43.1% of the cells expressing fibronectin. The validity of these results was confirmed by staining for @entity3 and fibronectin using peroxidase-antiperoxidase and immunofluorescence microscopy. Using low angle forward light scatter to estimate cell size and gating techniques it was found that @entity3 -positive CHII and @entity4 cells were generally larger than @entity3 -negative cells of the same type. No correlation between cell size and fibronectin expression was found for @entity2 [12-18] cells. These results demonstrate the validity of the described methods and illustrate some specific applications and the potential value of flow cytometry to neurooncology.

title: Application of flow cytometry to analyses of cultured XXXX @entity1 and fetal brain cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report the observed usage trend of herbal and vitamin supplements in a population of @entity0 visiting a @entity1 screening clinic and its relation to the Sexual Health Inventory for @entity0 score and the American Urological Association Symptom Score (AUA-SS). METHODS: @entity0 participating in the 2001 and 2002 @entity1 Awareness Week screening for @entity1 were given a self-administered questionnaire. The questions were designed to gather background health information and to determine the use of prescription medications for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), as well as the use of herbal and vitamin supplements. In addition, the AUA-SS and Sexual Health Inventory for @entity0 score were calculated for each @entity0 in the study. RESULTS: The number of questionnaires completed was 12,457. Of the completed questionnaires, 70% of the @entity0 reported the use of multivitamins, and 21% reported the use of herbal supplements. Ten percent of all @entity0 reported the use of prescription medications for LUTS (AUA-SS greater than 15). Of the @entity0 reporting the use of prescription medications, 19% were taking @entity3 , 17% @entity6 , 20% @entity4 , 23% @entity5 , and 22% other prescription medications. Moreover, the average AUA-SS was greater for the @entity0 taking herbs or supplements than for those who did not take herbs or supplements (P <0.001). Nonetheless, the Sexual Health Inventory for @entity0 score did not show a positive correlation between the intake of alternative medications and the severity of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: We observed that a substantial proportion of @entity0 with LUTS participating in a national @entity1 screening program were not taking prescription medications for these symptoms. Furthermore, we observed that @entity0 taking herbs or vitamin supplements tended to have higher AUA scores. Additional investigation is warranted into the reason some @entity0 are not receiving standard prescription medications for LUTS and whether reliance on alternative treatments is playing a role in this phenomenon.

title: Herbal and vitamin supplement use in a XXXX screening population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a leading cause of hospitalization and death of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). An evidence-based @entity2 / @entity1 guideline was established to standardize care throughout the institution in February 2008. However, by the summer of 2009 use of the guideline was inconsistent, and did not seem to have an impact on length of stay. As a result, an implementation program was developed. OBJECTIVE: This quality-improvement project evaluated the influence of the development and implementation of a clinical practice guideline for @entity0 with @entity1 with @entity2 or at risk for @entity2 on clinical outcomes. METHODS: Clinical outcomes of 139 @entity0 with @entity1 were evaluated before and after the development of the implementation program. Outcomes included average length of stay, number of exchange transfusions, average cost per @entity1 admission, and documentation of the clinical respiratory score and pulmonary interventions. RESULTS: Average length of stay decreased from 5.8 days before implementation of the guideline to 4.1 days after implementation (P = .033). No @entity0 required an exchange transfusion. Average cost per @entity1 admission decreased from  30 359 before guideline implementation to  22 368. Documentation of the clinical respiratory score increased from 31.0% before implementation to 75.5%, which is an improvement of 44.5% (P < .001). Documentation of incentive spirometry and positive expiratory pressure increased from 23.3% before implementation to 50.4%, which is an improvement of 27.1% (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a guideline for @entity0 with @entity1 with @entity2 or at risk for @entity2 improved outcomes for @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Improving care for @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a leading cause of hospitalization and death of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). An evidence-based @entity2 / @entity1 guideline was established to standardize care throughout the institution in February 2008. However, by the summer of 2009 use of the guideline was inconsistent, and did not seem to have an impact on length of stay. As a result, an implementation program was developed. OBJECTIVE: This quality-improvement project evaluated the influence of the development and implementation of a clinical practice guideline for @entity0 with @entity1 with @entity2 or at risk for @entity2 on clinical outcomes. METHODS: Clinical outcomes of 139 @entity0 with @entity1 were evaluated before and after the development of the implementation program. Outcomes included average length of stay, number of exchange transfusions, average cost per @entity1 admission, and documentation of the clinical respiratory score and pulmonary interventions. RESULTS: Average length of stay decreased from 5.8 days before implementation of the guideline to 4.1 days after implementation (P = .033). No @entity0 required an exchange transfusion. Average cost per @entity1 admission decreased from  30 359 before guideline implementation to  22 368. Documentation of the clinical respiratory score increased from 31.0% before implementation to 75.5%, which is an improvement of 44.5% (P < .001). Documentation of incentive spirometry and positive expiratory pressure increased from 23.3% before implementation to 50.4%, which is an improvement of 27.1% (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Implementation of a guideline for @entity0 with @entity1 with @entity2 or at risk for @entity2 improved outcomes for @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Improving care for XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In the sea urchin embryo, the skeleton of the larva is built from a population of mesenchymal cells known as the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs). These derive from the large micromeres that originate from the vegetal pole at fourth cleavage. At the blastula stage, the 32 cells of this lineage detach from the epithelium and ingress into the blastocoel by a process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We report that shortly before ingression, there is a transient and highly localized activation of the MAP-kinase @entity3 in the micromere lineage. We show that ingression of the PMCs requires the activity of @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity6 , and depends on the maternal Wnt/ @entity2 pathway. Dissociation experiments and injection of mRNA encoding a dominant-negative form of Ras indicated that this activation is probably cell autonomous. We identified the transcription factors @entity7 and @entity8 as putative targets of the phosphorylation by @entity3 . Both proteins contain a single consensus site for phosphorylation by the MAP kinase @entity3 . In addition, the @entity7 protein sequence contains a putative @entity3 docking site. Overexpression of @entity7 by injection of synthetic mRNA in the egg caused a dramatic increase in the number of cells becoming mesenchymal at the blastula stage. This effect could be largely inhibited by treating embryos with the @entity5 inhibitor @entity4 . Moreover, mutations in the consensus phosphorylation motif substituting @entity1 107 by an aspartic or an @entity0 residue resulted respectively in a constitutively active form of @entity7 that could not be inhibited by @entity4 or in an inactive form of @entity7 . These results show that the MAP kinase pathway, working through phosphorylation of @entity7 , is required for full specification of the PMCs and their subsequent transition from epithelial to mesenchymal state.

title: A XXXX / @entity5 / @entity3 signaling pathway is required for development of the sea urchin embryo micromere lineage through phosphorylation of the transcription factor Ets.

answer: @entity6


abstract: In the sea urchin embryo, the skeleton of the larva is built from a population of mesenchymal cells known as the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs). These derive from the large micromeres that originate from the vegetal pole at fourth cleavage. At the blastula stage, the 32 cells of this lineage detach from the epithelium and ingress into the blastocoel by a process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We report that shortly before ingression, there is a transient and highly localized activation of the MAP-kinase @entity3 in the micromere lineage. We show that ingression of the PMCs requires the activity of @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity6 , and depends on the maternal Wnt/ @entity2 pathway. Dissociation experiments and injection of mRNA encoding a dominant-negative form of Ras indicated that this activation is probably cell autonomous. We identified the transcription factors @entity7 and @entity8 as putative targets of the phosphorylation by @entity3 . Both proteins contain a single consensus site for phosphorylation by the MAP kinase @entity3 . In addition, the @entity7 protein sequence contains a putative @entity3 docking site. Overexpression of @entity7 by injection of synthetic mRNA in the egg caused a dramatic increase in the number of cells becoming mesenchymal at the blastula stage. This effect could be largely inhibited by treating embryos with the @entity5 inhibitor @entity4 . Moreover, mutations in the consensus phosphorylation motif substituting @entity1 107 by an aspartic or an @entity0 residue resulted respectively in a constitutively active form of @entity7 that could not be inhibited by @entity4 or in an inactive form of @entity7 . These results show that the MAP kinase pathway, working through phosphorylation of @entity7 , is required for full specification of the PMCs and their subsequent transition from epithelial to mesenchymal state.

title: A @entity6 / @entity5 / XXXX signaling pathway is required for development of the sea urchin embryo micromere lineage through phosphorylation of the transcription factor Ets.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In the sea urchin embryo, the skeleton of the larva is built from a population of mesenchymal cells known as the primary mesenchyme cells (PMCs). These derive from the large micromeres that originate from the vegetal pole at fourth cleavage. At the blastula stage, the 32 cells of this lineage detach from the epithelium and ingress into the blastocoel by a process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. We report that shortly before ingression, there is a transient and highly localized activation of the MAP-kinase @entity3 in the micromere lineage. We show that ingression of the PMCs requires the activity of @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity6 , and depends on the maternal Wnt/ @entity2 pathway. Dissociation experiments and injection of mRNA encoding a dominant-negative form of Ras indicated that this activation is probably cell autonomous. We identified the transcription factors @entity7 and @entity8 as putative targets of the phosphorylation by @entity3 . Both proteins contain a single consensus site for phosphorylation by the MAP kinase @entity3 . In addition, the @entity7 protein sequence contains a putative @entity3 docking site. Overexpression of @entity7 by injection of synthetic mRNA in the egg caused a dramatic increase in the number of cells becoming mesenchymal at the blastula stage. This effect could be largely inhibited by treating embryos with the @entity5 inhibitor @entity4 . Moreover, mutations in the consensus phosphorylation motif substituting @entity1 107 by an aspartic or an @entity0 residue resulted respectively in a constitutively active form of @entity7 that could not be inhibited by @entity4 or in an inactive form of @entity7 . These results show that the MAP kinase pathway, working through phosphorylation of @entity7 , is required for full specification of the PMCs and their subsequent transition from epithelial to mesenchymal state.

title: A @entity6 / XXXX / @entity3 signaling pathway is required for development of the sea urchin embryo micromere lineage through phosphorylation of the transcription factor Ets.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: A subset of @entity0 with mild @entity1 (mTBI) experience long-term difficulties. Preinjury stress has been hypothesised to play a role in long-term maintenance of symptoms. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive ability of preinjury stressful life events and post-traumatic stress symptoms to health-related quality of life and @entity2 after mTBI. METHODS: Within 2 weeks of injury, 186 @entity0 with mTBI who were admitted to an emergency centre completed an interview and questionnaires regarding preinjury functioning, including the Stressful Life Events Questionnaire and the @entity5 Checklist. Outcomes were assessed at 3 months after injury and included the @entity4 and @entity3 subscales of the Brief Symptom Inventory, and the physical and mental component scores of the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). The incidence and type of stressful life events were reported. Hierarchical regression analyses were used to determine the predictive utility of Stressful Life Events Questionnaire and @entity5 Checklist after controlling for age, injury severity (complicated versus uncomplicated mild) and preinjury @entity4 . RESULTS: Several potentially life-altering stressful events were endorsed by at least 25% of @entity0 as having been experienced prior to injury. The incidence of stressful life events was a significant predictor of all four outcome variables. History of post-traumatic stress symptoms was predictive of scores on the SF-36 mental health component. CONCLUSIONS: A history of stressful events may predispose @entity0 with mTBI to have poor outcomes. History of stress should be assessed during the early stages after mTBI to help identify those who could benefit from therapies to assist with adjustment and maximise recovery.

title: Predictive ability of preinjury stressful life events and post-traumatic stress symptoms for outcomes following mild XXXX : analysis in a prospective emergency room sample.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 is unresectable in 80% or more of @entity0 . @entity4 are the most common complications of the disease. These complications may be palliated effectively using minimally invasive techniques. Their combined application in a single setting is presented and discussed in this article. CASE REPORT: A 59-year-old @entity0 with a locally advanced @entity3 of the head of the pancreas presented @entity9 and intractable @entity2 requiring opiate analgesia. An attempt at endoscopic biliary stenting was unsuccessful, and a percutaneous biopsy was deemed unsafe. Preoperative magnetic resonance cholangiography showed cystic duct insertion abutting the upper limit of the biliary stricture. A laparoscopic Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy, prophylactic loop gastroenterostomy, and @entity1 biopsy were combined with a bilateral thoracoscopic splanchnotomy. RESULT: Surgery and subsequent recovery were uneventful, and the @entity0 was discharged from hospital on the fourth postoperative day off opiates. He remained free of @entity6 and severe @entity2 , until 6 months later, when he represented with @entity6 , @entity8 , and proximal small bowel obstruction secondary to multiple liver and peritoneal metastases. He underwent further palliative laparoscopic enteric bypass with resolution of the @entity7 , but died of the disease 10 days later. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic gastric and biliary bypass and bilateral thoracoscopic splanchnotomy may be safely combined to provide an effective comprehensive minimally invasive palliation of incurable @entity5 .

title: Concomitant laparoscopic gastric and biliary bypass and bilateral thoracoscopic splanchnotomy: the full package of minimally invasive palliation for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is a disfiguring @entity5 of the orofacial region often caused by antipsychotic drugs. A wide range of strategies has been used to help manage @entity6 and, for @entity0 who are unable to have their antipsychotic medication stopped or substantially changed, the @entity3 -channel blocking group of drugs ( @entity12 , @entity4 , @entity11 , @entity9 ) has been suggested as a useful adjunctive treatment. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of @entity3 -channel blocker drugs ( @entity12 , @entity4 , @entity11 , @entity9 ) for treatment of @entity10 induced @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity7 or other chronic mental illnesses. SEARCH STRATEGY: We updated previous searches of the Cochrane @entity1 Group Register (1982-2000), Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2000), Cochrane @entity1 Group's register of trials (November 2000), EMBASE (1980-2000), LILACS (1982-2000), MEDLINE (1966-2000), PsycLIT (1974-2000), and SCISEARCH by searching the Cochrane @entity1 Group Register (September 2003). We searched references of all identified studies for further trial citations and contacted authors of trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised clinical trials comparing @entity3 -channel blockers to placebo or no intervention for @entity0 with both @entity6 and @entity1 or serious @entity8 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were to have been independently extracted and analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of homogeneous dichotomous data were to have been calculated using a random effects model, and, where possible, the number needed to treat calculated. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were to have been calculated for continuous data. MAIN RESULTS: No trials were included. We excluded fourteen studies; eight were not randomised, one did not use @entity3 channel blockers and five small, randomised, studies reported no usable data. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The effects of @entity3 -channel blockers for antipsychotic induced @entity6 are unknown. Their use is experimental and should only be given in the context of well designed randomised studies.

title: @entity3 channel blockers for @entity10 induced XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is a disfiguring @entity5 of the orofacial region often caused by antipsychotic drugs. A wide range of strategies has been used to help manage @entity6 and, for @entity0 who are unable to have their antipsychotic medication stopped or substantially changed, the @entity3 -channel blocking group of drugs ( @entity12 , @entity4 , @entity11 , @entity9 ) has been suggested as a useful adjunctive treatment. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of @entity3 -channel blocker drugs ( @entity12 , @entity4 , @entity11 , @entity9 ) for treatment of @entity10 induced @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity7 or other chronic mental illnesses. SEARCH STRATEGY: We updated previous searches of the Cochrane @entity1 Group Register (1982-2000), Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2000), Cochrane @entity1 Group's register of trials (November 2000), EMBASE (1980-2000), LILACS (1982-2000), MEDLINE (1966-2000), PsycLIT (1974-2000), and SCISEARCH by searching the Cochrane @entity1 Group Register (September 2003). We searched references of all identified studies for further trial citations and contacted authors of trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised clinical trials comparing @entity3 -channel blockers to placebo or no intervention for @entity0 with both @entity6 and @entity1 or serious @entity8 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were to have been independently extracted and analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of homogeneous dichotomous data were to have been calculated using a random effects model, and, where possible, the number needed to treat calculated. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were to have been calculated for continuous data. MAIN RESULTS: No trials were included. We excluded fourteen studies; eight were not randomised, one did not use @entity3 channel blockers and five small, randomised, studies reported no usable data. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The effects of @entity3 -channel blockers for antipsychotic induced @entity6 are unknown. Their use is experimental and should only be given in the context of well designed randomised studies.

title: XXXX channel blockers for @entity10 induced @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is a disfiguring @entity5 of the orofacial region often caused by antipsychotic drugs. A wide range of strategies has been used to help manage @entity6 and, for @entity0 who are unable to have their antipsychotic medication stopped or substantially changed, the @entity3 -channel blocking group of drugs ( @entity12 , @entity4 , @entity11 , @entity9 ) has been suggested as a useful adjunctive treatment. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of @entity3 -channel blocker drugs ( @entity12 , @entity4 , @entity11 , @entity9 ) for treatment of @entity10 induced @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity7 or other chronic mental illnesses. SEARCH STRATEGY: We updated previous searches of the Cochrane @entity1 Group Register (1982-2000), Cochrane Library (Issue 4, 2000), Cochrane @entity1 Group's register of trials (November 2000), EMBASE (1980-2000), LILACS (1982-2000), MEDLINE (1966-2000), PsycLIT (1974-2000), and SCISEARCH by searching the Cochrane @entity1 Group Register (September 2003). We searched references of all identified studies for further trial citations and contacted authors of trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised clinical trials comparing @entity3 -channel blockers to placebo or no intervention for @entity0 with both @entity6 and @entity1 or serious @entity8 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were to have been independently extracted and analysed on an intention-to-treat basis. The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of homogeneous dichotomous data were to have been calculated using a random effects model, and, where possible, the number needed to treat calculated. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were to have been calculated for continuous data. MAIN RESULTS: No trials were included. We excluded fourteen studies; eight were not randomised, one did not use @entity3 channel blockers and five small, randomised, studies reported no usable data. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: The effects of @entity3 -channel blockers for antipsychotic induced @entity6 are unknown. Their use is experimental and should only be given in the context of well designed randomised studies.

title: @entity3 channel blockers for XXXX induced @entity6 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: Granulopoiesis-stimulating factors ( @entity4 and @entity7 ) are being used to prevent @entity6 and @entity2 in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity3 . The question whether @entity4 and @entity7 improve dose-intensity, @entity1 response and @entity5 in this @entity0 population has not been answered yet. Since the results from single studies are inconclusive a systematic review was required. OBJECTIVES: To undertake a systematic review in @entity0 with @entity3 to determine the effectiveness of @entity4 and @entity7 to prevent @entity6 , @entity6 , @entity2 , improve quality of life, adherence to the treatment protocol, @entity1 response, freedom from treatment failure (FFTF), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and to assess adverse events of @entity4 and @entity7 . SEARCH STRATEGY: Medline, Embase, CancerLit, the Cochrane Library and smaller databases, Internet-databases of ongoing trials, conference proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Society of Hematology were searched. We included full-text and abstract publications as well as unpublished data. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing prophylaxis with @entity4 or @entity7 versus placebo/no prophylaxis in adult @entity0 with @entity3 undergoing chemotherapy were included in this review. Both study arms had to receive identical chemotherapy and supportive care. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Eligibility and quality assessment, data extraction and analysis were done in duplicate. Authors were contacted to obtain missing data. MAIN RESULTS: We included 12 eligible studies with 1.823 randomised @entity0 . Compared with no prophylaxis, G-/ @entity7 significantly reduced the relative risk for severe @entity6 (RR 0.67 [95% CI 0.60-0.73]), @entity6 (RR 0.74 [95% CI 0.62-0.89]) and @entity2 (RR 0.74 [95% CI 0.64-0.85]). There was no evidence for G-/ @entity7 to decrease the number of @entity0 who required iv antibiotics (RR 0.82 [95%CI 0.57-1.18]), to reduce @entity2 related mortality (RR 1.37 [95% CI 0.66-2.82]), or to improve complete @entity1 response (RR 1.02 [95% CI 0.94-1.11]), FFTF (HR 1.11 [95% CI 0.91-1.35]) and @entity5 (HR 1.00 [95% CI 0.86-1.16]). One study evaluated quality of life parameters and did not find differences between the groups. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 and @entity7 , when given prophylactically in @entity0 with @entity3 undergoing conventional chemotherapy, reduce the risk of @entity6 , @entity6 and @entity2 . However, based on the currently available randomised trials in this clinical setting, there is no evidence for G-/ @entity7 to provide a significant advantage in terms of complete @entity1 response, FFTF and @entity5 .

title: Granulopoiesis-stimulating factors to prevent adverse effects in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is the most common hereditary cause of @entity4 . The complications associated with this disease may affect the performance of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes between @entity0 on @entity3 with @entity1 and without @entity1 .We extracted an incident cohort of adult (>= 20 years old) @entity0 on long-term @entity3 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. @entity0 with @entity1 were identified by specific diagnosis codes. We recorded baseline comorbidities, socioeconomic status, timing of referral to a nephrologist, prior hemodialysis history before @entity3 , and the type of @entity3 modalities. We compared the risk of @entity2 , technique failure, @entity3 , hospitalization, and outpatient visiting as well as overall medical expenditure between the @entity0 with @entity1 and a groups of @entity0 without @entity1 who were propensity-score matched (1:3). The analysis was carried out by various Cox regression models that considered competing risk and time-varying coefficients.We enrolled 139 @entity0 with @entity1 and 7739 @entity0 without @entity1 who started long-term @entity3 between 1999 and 2010. @entity0 with @entity1 were less comorbid and more often treated with automated @entity3 . In the propensity-score matched analysis, both overall survival and technique survival did not differ between the @entity0 and the result was similar for hospitalization and @entity3 after adjusting for the application of automated @entity3 . Furthermore, the overall annual medical expenditures were similar between the @entity0 with and without @entity1 . @entity3 @entity0 with @entity1 are comparable to @entity3 @entity0 without @entity1 in terms of risk of @entity2 , @entity3 , technique failure, and hospitalization in the present study. Furthermore, the medical expenses of the 2 groups after initiation of @entity3 are also indistinguishable.

title: Outcome Comparisons Between @entity0 on Peritoneal Dialysis With and Without XXXX : A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is the most common hereditary cause of @entity4 . The complications associated with this disease may affect the performance of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes between @entity0 on @entity3 with @entity1 and without @entity1 .We extracted an incident cohort of adult (>= 20 years old) @entity0 on long-term @entity3 from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. @entity0 with @entity1 were identified by specific diagnosis codes. We recorded baseline comorbidities, socioeconomic status, timing of referral to a nephrologist, prior hemodialysis history before @entity3 , and the type of @entity3 modalities. We compared the risk of @entity2 , technique failure, @entity3 , hospitalization, and outpatient visiting as well as overall medical expenditure between the @entity0 with @entity1 and a groups of @entity0 without @entity1 who were propensity-score matched (1:3). The analysis was carried out by various Cox regression models that considered competing risk and time-varying coefficients.We enrolled 139 @entity0 with @entity1 and 7739 @entity0 without @entity1 who started long-term @entity3 between 1999 and 2010. @entity0 with @entity1 were less comorbid and more often treated with automated @entity3 . In the propensity-score matched analysis, both overall survival and technique survival did not differ between the @entity0 and the result was similar for hospitalization and @entity3 after adjusting for the application of automated @entity3 . Furthermore, the overall annual medical expenditures were similar between the @entity0 with and without @entity1 . @entity3 @entity0 with @entity1 are comparable to @entity3 @entity0 without @entity1 in terms of risk of @entity2 , @entity3 , technique failure, and hospitalization in the present study. Furthermore, the medical expenses of the 2 groups after initiation of @entity3 are also indistinguishable.

title: Outcome Comparisons Between XXXX on Peritoneal Dialysis With and Without @entity1 : A Nationwide Matched Cohort Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To use computed tomography (CT) to diagnose the reasons for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in the case of an elderly male @entity0 . METHODS: This is a case study of an elderly male @entity0 who suffered acute, obvious abdominal @entity3 accompanied with stop of exhaust defecation following three days of @entity5 , @entity8 and @entity6 . The @entity0 also developed @entity7 , which gradually became severe. The @entity0 was admitted to the hospital where he underwent a physical examination and a CT scan. RESULTS: The CT results confirmed that the @entity0 was suffering from @entity2 caused by severe @entity5 . The CT scan showed obvious expansion and @entity10 in the enteric cavity and @entity9 in the intestinal wall. Also, the intrahepatic portal branches and small branches of veins in the mesentery were filled with a high density of gas. The combination of many factors led to @entity2 . Gastrointestinal mucosa and pressure accompanied with @entity4 were the main factors. The case report revealed that gas in the enteric cavity went into the submucosa, then into the small branches of veins in the mesentery, and finally into the intrahepatic portal vein system. CONCLUSIONS: Computed examination revealed the imaging features of @entity2 . Hepatic portal venous gas suggested the growth of enteric cavity pressure, the @entity1 , and @entity4 , providing references for clinical diagnosis.

title: Computed Tomography Identifies Hepatic Portal Venous Gas Caused by Severe XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIM: To explore the treatment experience of the perioperative nursing of @entity2 . METHODS: From June 2012 to December 2013, a total of 15 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity2 were retrospectively studied and sorted into the observation group in our hospital. Also, 12 @entity0 admitted between January 2010 and December 2012 was sorted into control group. Combined intravenous anesthesia and cardiopulmonary bypass were conducted on all the @entity0 . @entity0 in observation group underwent perioperative nursing, including preoperative nursing (evaluating disease conditions, improving pre-operative preparation and pre-operative discussion) and postoperative nursing (transferred into ICU, respiratory management, circulation system management, nutrition support nursing, using intravenous drugs). @entity0 in the control group were treated with common nursing. Clinical effects of both groups were compared. RESULTS: 14 out of 15 cases in the treatment group were cured and discharged from the hospital after a 6~12-month follow-up. All @entity0 had good prognosis, except one case quit the treatment and @entity1 . CONCLUSION: With the improvement in the skills of a repair operation, extracorporeal circulation and monitoring as well as nursing, the restenosis incident rate and morality rate were effectively reduced. Meanwhile, taking an initiative for comprehensive prevention nursing measures during peri-operation is an important guarantee to a successful operation and prognosis.

title: Clinical analysis of perioperative nursing of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 2014 Guidelines for the Management of @entity0 with @entity2 require to know the probability of success and operative mortality of Mitral Valve Repair (MVR) for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) at a given institution. AIM: To assess the probability of success, operative mortality and long-term results of MVR for @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: The database of the Cardiovascular Surgery Service was reviewed for the period December 1991 to December 2013. Long-term survival information was obtained from death certificate records of the Chilean Identification Service. RESULTS: One hundred forty seven @entity0 with @entity1 were identified, all operated by one author (RZ). In 28 (19%) the mitral valve was replaced, including three @entity0 in whom a MVR was intended without success. A successful MVR was performed in 119 @entity0 (81%). The probability of a successful MVR was 97.5% (119 of 122). Prolapsed posterior leaflet was present in 81% and annulus dilatation in 60% of cases. The most frequent surgical procedures were quadrilateral resection (83%) and chordal transfer (13%). A mitral annuloplasty was performed in 92% of cases. Operative mortality was 0.8%. At the end of a 9.9 (0 - 22.7) years follow-up, 87 @entity0 (73%) were alive and mean survival was 16.9 years. Survival rates at 5, 10, 15 and 20 years were 91%, 78%, 71% and 50%, respectively. Six @entity0 were re-operated, due to mitral @entity2 in three. Mean re-operation free survival was 21.4 years. Echocardiographic follow-up was 75% completed at an average of 64 months; 84% of cases had no or only 1+ @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, MVR for @entity1 had an operative mortality below 1% and a probability of success greater than 95%, with excellent long-term results.

title: [Mitral valve repair for XXXX : likelihood of success, early and-long term results at 20 years].

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have recently reported a systematic variation in integrated ultrasonic backscatter throughout the cardiac cycle in @entity1 hearts. This study was performed to determine whether the pattern of such variation is modified systematically by @entity0 . Measurements of integrated ultrasonic backscatter in selected regions of normal, @entity0 , and reperfused hearts were compared in view of known differences in systolic function of myocardium in each of these regions. Integrated ultrasonic backscatter (3-7 MHz) gated to the first derivative of left ventricular pressure was measured at the apex, midwall, and base in 10 @entity1 and at the apex before and during transient @entity0 and reperfusion in four @entity1 . Quantitative integrated ultrasonic backscatter was referenced to a steel reflector. Cyclic variation of integrated ultrasonic backscatter was greatest at the apex [peak to trough variation 5.5 +/- 0.9 dB (mean +/- SE)] with the maximum near end diastole (-52.9 +/- 0.9 dB) and minimum near end systole (-58.4 +/- 1.0 dB). Variation at the apex (5.5 +/- 0.9 dB) and the midwall (4.3 +/- 0.8 dB) was greater than at the base (0.5 +/- 1.0 dB) (P less than 0.01 for either region compared with base). Left anterior descending @entity2 for 10 minutes in four of 10 @entity1 reduced variation at the apex to 0.4 +/- 1.5 dB (P less than 0.02 compared with preocclusion). Reperfusion for 2 hours restored apical cyclic variation to 3.9 +/- 1.7 dB, i.e., to values not significantly different from those before occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of XXXX and reperfusion on cardiac cycle-dependent variation of myocardial ultrasonic backscatter.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The cardiac extracellular matrix consists of a three-dimensional structural network of interstitial collagens to which other matrix components are attached. The main physiological functions of this network are to retain tissue integrity and cardiac pump function. Collagen deposition is controlled and can be modulated by hormonal factors, growth factors, cytokines, regulatory proteins and/or hemodynamic factors. Increased collagen deposition is a prerequisite to prevent dilatation of the infarcted area. Excessive accumulation of collagen leads to @entity2 and ultimately contributes to @entity7 . An appropriate balance of extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation is required for normal morphogenesis and maintenance of tissue architecture. A disbalance in the extracellular matrix turnover either by decreased matrix synthesis and/or increased degradation leads to less than normal extracellular matrix in the myocardium which in its turn may lead to @entity3 or even @entity4 . Extracellular matrix degrading enzymes expressed after @entity6 belong to the families of @entity5 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and are secreted as latent proenzymes that have to be activated. It is crucial to keep the activity of these enzymes under tight control by either influencing the synthesis, activation or inhibition by tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs) or @entity8 . First studies using MMP inhibitors in experimental models of @entity6 seem to give attenuation of ventricular geometry but not always improvement of cardiac function. A central role in the activation of MMPs plays the plasminogen-plasmin system. Invasion of inflammatory cells and hitherto the rest of the wound healing cascade is inhibited in plasminogen or @entity9 deficient @entity1 , most likely by the inhibition of MMP activity. Regulating the balance of extracellular matrix remodeling either by extracellular matrix synthesis or degradation might be one of the possible prevention mechanisms for @entity7 . But also regeneration of the vascular and cardiomyocyte network might be potential new treatments for @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: Integration of concepts: cardiac extracellular matrix remodeling after XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 , as well as subsequent ocular complications such as @entity3 ( @entity3 ), are of fundametal socio-economic relevance. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal on longterm morphological and functional outcome in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) type 2 and chronic @entity3 without evident vitreomacular traction. METHOD: Forty eyes with attached posterior hyaloid were included in this prospective trial and randomized intraoperatively. Prior focal (n   =   31) or panretinal (n   =   25) laser coagulation was permitted. Group I (n   =   19 @entity0 ) underwent surgical induction of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), group II (n   =   20 @entity0 ) @entity4 and removal of the ILM. Eleven @entity0 with detached posterior hyaloid (group III) were not randomized, and ILM removal was performed. One eye had to be excluded from further analysis. Examinations included ETDRS best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), @entity2 angiography (FLA) and OCT at baseline, 3 and 6  months postoperatively. Main outcome measure was BCVA at 6  months, secondary was foveal thickness. RESULTS: Mean BCVA over 6  months remained unchanged in 85% of @entity0 of group II, and decreased in 53% of @entity0 of group I. Results were not statistically significant different [group I: mean decrease log MAR 95% CI (0.06; 0.32), group II: (-0.02; 0.11)]. OCT revealed a significantly greater reduction of foveal thickness following @entity4 with ILM removal [group I: mean change: 95% CI (-208.95   m; -78.05   m), group II: (-80.90   m: +59.17   m)]. CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy, @entity4 with or without ILM removal does not improve vision in @entity0 with @entity1 and cystoid @entity3 without evident vitreoretinal traction. ILM delamination shows improved morphological results, and appears to be beneficial in eyes with preexisting @entity4 .

title: Pars plana vitrectomy for XXXX . Internal limiting membrane delamination vs posterior hyaloid removal. A prospective randomized trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that 12-lead ECG QRS scoring quantifies @entity1 and correlates with disease severity in @entity2 . DESIGN: @entity0 underwent 12-lead ECG for QRS scoring and cardiac magnetic resonance with late @entity9 enhancement (CMR-LGE) to assess @entity1 . SETTING: University of S  o Paulo Medical School, S  o Paulo, Brazil. @entity0 : 44 Seropositive @entity0 with @entity8 without a history of @entity4 and at low risk for @entity3 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Correlation between QRS score, CMR-LGE scar size and left ventricular ejection fraction. Relation between QRS score, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) class and history of @entity7 ( @entity7 ). RESULTS: QRS score correlated directly with CMR-LGE scar size (R=0.69, p<0.0001) and inversely with left ventricular ejection fraction (R=-0.54, p=0.0002), which remained significant in the subgroup with @entity10 . @entity0 with class II or III @entity5 had significantly higher QRS scores than those with class I @entity5 (5.1  3.4 vs 2.1  3.1 QRS points (p=0.002)) and @entity0 with a history of @entity7 had significantly higher QRS scores than those without a history of @entity7 (5.3  3.2% vs 2.6  3.4 QRS points (p=0.02)). A QRS score >= 2 points had particularly good sensitivity and specificity (95% and 83%, respectively) for prediction of large CMR-LGE, and a QRS score >= 7 points had particularly high specificity (92% and 89%, respectively) for predicting significant @entity6 and history of @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: The wide availability of 12-lead ECG makes it an attractive screening tool and may enhance clinical risk stratification of @entity0 at risk for more severe, symptomatic @entity2 .

title: ECG scar quantification correlates with cardiac magnetic resonance scar size and prognostic factors in XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The applause sign, originally reported as a specific sign of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), has recently been found in several @entity5 . Its nature is still uncertain. It has been interpreted as a motor perseveration or a form of @entity4 . The present study aims to: (a) verify the specificity of the applause sign for @entity5 , examining the presence of the applause sign in cortical @entity3 which should be error free and (b) clarify the nature of the applause sign (resulting or not from @entity4 ). METHODS: 77 subjects were included: 10 @entity7 , 15 @entity6 ( @entity6 ), 29 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 23 normal controls. The presence of @entity4 was an exclusion criterion. All @entity0 underwent a detailed neuropsychological examination, and cognitive performance was correlated to the applause sign. RESULTS: All @entity0 groups showed the applause sign and differed significantly from normal subjects who were error free. No difference was found when comparing @entity7 with @entity6 and @entity6 with @entity2 . @entity2 differed significantly from @entity7 but they were not error free (31% of @entity0 with @entity2 showed the applause sign). The only correlation with background neuropsychology was found for measures of executive functions. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of the applause sign in cortical @entity3 does not confirm the specificity of the applause sign for @entity5 . The applause sign should be interpreted as a sign of frontal @entity1 rather than a form of @entity4 , and can likely be detected in any kind of disease which involves frontal lobe structures to some extent.

title: Applause sign: is it really specific for @entity5 ? Evidence from cortical XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The applause sign, originally reported as a specific sign of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), has recently been found in several @entity5 . Its nature is still uncertain. It has been interpreted as a motor perseveration or a form of @entity4 . The present study aims to: (a) verify the specificity of the applause sign for @entity5 , examining the presence of the applause sign in cortical @entity3 which should be error free and (b) clarify the nature of the applause sign (resulting or not from @entity4 ). METHODS: 77 subjects were included: 10 @entity7 , 15 @entity6 ( @entity6 ), 29 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 23 normal controls. The presence of @entity4 was an exclusion criterion. All @entity0 underwent a detailed neuropsychological examination, and cognitive performance was correlated to the applause sign. RESULTS: All @entity0 groups showed the applause sign and differed significantly from normal subjects who were error free. No difference was found when comparing @entity7 with @entity6 and @entity6 with @entity2 . @entity2 differed significantly from @entity7 but they were not error free (31% of @entity0 with @entity2 showed the applause sign). The only correlation with background neuropsychology was found for measures of executive functions. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of the applause sign in cortical @entity3 does not confirm the specificity of the applause sign for @entity5 . The applause sign should be interpreted as a sign of frontal @entity1 rather than a form of @entity4 , and can likely be detected in any kind of disease which involves frontal lobe structures to some extent.

title: Applause sign: is it really specific for XXXX ? Evidence from cortical @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic indwelling catheters may induce histologic changes within the bladder, and these changes are sometimes pre-malignant. There are many documented cases of @entity6 associated with indwelling catheters, but only three cases of catheter-associated @entity4 have been reported. In this case report, we present radiographic findings of a case of mucinous @entity7 and suprapubic (SP) tract in a @entity9 @entity0 . CASE PRESENTATION: A 71-year-old male with a history of @entity8 presented with @entity5 and SP discharge after SP catheterization for 51  years. CT urography was performed and revealed an irregular, infiltrative, and heterogeneous mass arising from the anterior bladder at the level of the suprapubic catheter and extending along the SP tube tract. Cystoscopy and biopsy revealed an @entity3 with extensive associated mucin production and a background of @entity2 . Surgical therapy included cystoprostatectomy, abdominal wall resection, ileal conduit creation, and abdominal wall reconstruction. The final diagnosis was a high-grade, T2a/N0/M0 (Stage II) mucinous @entity7 . There has been no evidence of @entity1 recurrence over the previous 5  years. CONCLUSION: Few cases of @entity4 associated with long term indwelling catheter have been reported in the literature, and due to the rarity of this disease process, the prognosis with surgical therapy is not well known. The @entity0 described herein has been free of recurrence for the previous five years, suggesting that surgery is a viable management option for these @entity0 .

title: XXXX associated with long term suprapubic tube: a case report.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the capacity of human serum proteins to bind to @entity6 ( @entity5 ) particles of different polymorphs and sizes. METHODS: @entity5 particles were mixed with diluted human serum, purified human serum albumin (HSA) or purified human serum gamma-globulin (HGG) solutions. After incubation at 37  C for 1 h, the particles were sedimented by centrifugation, and proteins in the supernatant, as well as those bound to the particles, were analyzed. RESULTS: The total protein concentration in the supernatant was lowered by @entity5 , whereas the albumin/globulin ratio was elevated by the particles. Incubation with @entity5 also lowered the immunoglobulin, pre-albumin, @entity2 , ceruloplasmin and @entity1 -binding protein levels, but not ferritin levels, in the supernatant. After @entity4 - @entity3 gel electrophoresis ( @entity0 -PAGE), proteins in the supernatant, especially HGG, were observed to decrease, while those released from the particles (after adding 1% @entity0 and heating) increased, depending on the dose of @entity5 . Purified HGG and HSA were also bound to @entity5 , although the former appeared to have a higher affinity. All the proteins tested showed the highest binding potency to the amorphous particles (<50 nm) and the lowest to the rutile particles (<5,000 nm), while binding to anatase particles was intermediate. The affinity to the larger anatase was higher than that to smaller anatase particles in most cases. CONCLUSIONS: Human serum proteins, including the two major components, HSA and HGG, are bound by @entity5 particles. The polymorph of the particles seems to be important for determining the binding capacity of the particles and it may affect distribution of the particles in the body.

title: Binding of human serum proteins to XXXX particles in vitro.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: @entity11 ( @entity11 ) is a major contributor to the development of @entity2 and @entity3 due to the induction of cardiac structural and @entity8 . We used a model of @entity13 in C57Bl/6 @entity1 fed with a @entity11 to investigate the effects of @entity14 ( @entity14 ), a cytokine known for its beneficial effects in the heart, on cardiac anatomical and functional abnormalities associated with @entity2 and @entity5 2 @entity0 . METHODS: Groups of C57Bl/6 @entity1 were fed with standard diet (n   =   8) or @entity11 (n   =   16). After 36  weeks, @entity11 animals were divided into a group treated with @entity14   +   standard diet (n   =   8) and a vehicle control group + standard diet (n   =   8). Cardiac structure and function were assessed by electrocardiography, echocardiography and treadmill tests, in addition to the evaluation of body weight, fasting glicemia, insulin and @entity7 tolerance at different time points. Histological analyses were performed in the heart tissue. RESULTS: @entity11 consumption induced metabolic alterations characteristic of @entity5 2 @entity0 and @entity2 , as well as @entity6 and reduced exercise capacity. Upon returning to a standard diet, @entity2 @entity1 body weight returned to non- @entity2 levels. @entity14 administration accelerated the reduction in of body weight in @entity2 @entity1 . Additionally, @entity14 treatment reduced insulin levels, diminished heart @entity4 , increased exercise capacity and reversed cardiac alterations, including @entity10 , elevated QRS amplitude, @entity12 , increased septal wall thickness, @entity9 . CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that @entity14 administration caused beneficial effects on @entity2 -associated @entity6 .

title: Administration of XXXX accompanied with a balanced diet improves cardiac function alterations induced by high fat diet in @entity1 .

answer: @entity14


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: @entity11 ( @entity11 ) is a major contributor to the development of @entity2 and @entity3 due to the induction of cardiac structural and @entity8 . We used a model of @entity13 in C57Bl/6 @entity1 fed with a @entity11 to investigate the effects of @entity14 ( @entity14 ), a cytokine known for its beneficial effects in the heart, on cardiac anatomical and functional abnormalities associated with @entity2 and @entity5 2 @entity0 . METHODS: Groups of C57Bl/6 @entity1 were fed with standard diet (n   =   8) or @entity11 (n   =   16). After 36  weeks, @entity11 animals were divided into a group treated with @entity14   +   standard diet (n   =   8) and a vehicle control group + standard diet (n   =   8). Cardiac structure and function were assessed by electrocardiography, echocardiography and treadmill tests, in addition to the evaluation of body weight, fasting glicemia, insulin and @entity7 tolerance at different time points. Histological analyses were performed in the heart tissue. RESULTS: @entity11 consumption induced metabolic alterations characteristic of @entity5 2 @entity0 and @entity2 , as well as @entity6 and reduced exercise capacity. Upon returning to a standard diet, @entity2 @entity1 body weight returned to non- @entity2 levels. @entity14 administration accelerated the reduction in of body weight in @entity2 @entity1 . Additionally, @entity14 treatment reduced insulin levels, diminished heart @entity4 , increased exercise capacity and reversed cardiac alterations, including @entity10 , elevated QRS amplitude, @entity12 , increased septal wall thickness, @entity9 . CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that @entity14 administration caused beneficial effects on @entity2 -associated @entity6 .

title: Administration of @entity14 accompanied with a balanced diet improves cardiac function alterations induced by high fat diet in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of @entity3 ( @entity1 ) on the disc deformation at the adjacent level and at the level one above the adjacent level during end ranges of lumbar motion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: It has been reported that in @entity0 with @entity1 , the intervertebral discs adjacent to the diseased levels have a greater tendency to degenerate. Although altered biomechanics have been suggested to be the causative factors, few data have been reported on the deformation characteristics of the adjacent discs in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: Ten symptomatic @entity0 with discogenic @entity2 between L4 and S1 and with healthy discs at the cephalic segments were involved. Eight healthy subjects recruited in our previous studies were used as a reference comparison. The In Vivo kinematics of L3-L4 (the cephalic adjacent level to the degenerated discs) and L2-L3 (the level one above the adjacent level) lumbar discs of both groups were obtained using a combined magnetic resonance imaging and dual fluoroscopic imaging technique at functional postures. Deformation characteristics, in terms of areas of minimal deformation (defined as less than 5%), deformations at the center of the discs, and maximum tensile and shear deformations, were compared between the two groups at the two disc levels. RESULTS: In the @entity0 with @entity1 , there were significantly smaller areas of minimal disc deformation at L3-L4 and L2-L3 than the healthy subjects (18% compared with 45% of the total disc area, on average). Both L2-L3 and L3-L4 discs underwent larger tensile and shear deformations in all postures than the healthy subjects. The maximum tensile deformations were higher by up to 23% (of the local disc height in standing) and the maximum shear deformations were higher by approximately 25% to 40% (of the local disc height in standing) compared with those of the healthy subjects. CONCLUSION: Both the discs of the adjacent level and the level one above experienced higher tensile and shear deformations during end ranges of lumbar motion in the @entity0 with @entity1 before surgical treatments when compared with the healthy subjects. The larger disc deformations at the cephalic segments were otherwise not detectable using conventional magnetic resonance imaging techniques. Future studies should investigate the effect of surgical treatments, such as fusion or disc replacement, on the biomechanics of the adjacent segments during end ranges of lumbar motion.

title: How does XXXX affect the disc deformation at the cephalic levels in vivo?

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 polyomavirus (PV) @entity3 has recently been recognized as a cause of severe @entity1 . It occurs in immunosuppressed @entity0 after reactivation of the latent virus PV type BK ( @entity4 ) in the renal epithelium. @entity2 is defined as a morphologically manifest @entity1 with cytopathic signs accompanied by varying degrees of interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrates and functional impairment. It is also identified by the presence of cells containing viral inclusion bodies (decoy cells) in the urine. The authors report a case of BK PV @entity3 in a 36-year-old renal allograft recipient. Under light microscopy the chief diagnostic indicator was detection of intranuclear viral inclusions, which were found exclusively in tubular epithelial cells. Cells with viral changes were often enlarged with nuclear atypia and chromatin basophilia. Widespread interstitial plasma cell infiltrates associated with @entity5 were present. Intranuclear paracrystalline arrays of virus particles 35-38 nm in diameter were present as characteristic ultrastructural indicators. Urine samples revealed decoy cells with ground-glass-type intranuclear inclusions positive for @entity4 by electron microscopy.

title: XXXX @entity3 in a renal allograft recipient.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 polyomavirus (PV) @entity3 has recently been recognized as a cause of severe @entity1 . It occurs in immunosuppressed @entity0 after reactivation of the latent virus PV type BK ( @entity4 ) in the renal epithelium. @entity2 is defined as a morphologically manifest @entity1 with cytopathic signs accompanied by varying degrees of interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrates and functional impairment. It is also identified by the presence of cells containing viral inclusion bodies (decoy cells) in the urine. The authors report a case of BK PV @entity3 in a 36-year-old renal allograft recipient. Under light microscopy the chief diagnostic indicator was detection of intranuclear viral inclusions, which were found exclusively in tubular epithelial cells. Cells with viral changes were often enlarged with nuclear atypia and chromatin basophilia. Widespread interstitial plasma cell infiltrates associated with @entity5 were present. Intranuclear paracrystalline arrays of virus particles 35-38 nm in diameter were present as characteristic ultrastructural indicators. Urine samples revealed decoy cells with ground-glass-type intranuclear inclusions positive for @entity4 by electron microscopy.

title: @entity4 XXXX in a renal allograft recipient.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 of bone or Jaffe @entity6 is a genetic, non-inheritable disease of bone development, characterized by @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity5 , mainly observed in yo ung adults. The frequency is equal between sexes. Mutations in the gene coding the @entity12 , @entity12 complex, results in osteoblastic differentiation defects, and bone resorption. The disease can have a monostotic or polyostotic form, or be associated with caf  -au-lait skin spots and precocious puberty ( @entity10 ). The normal bone and bone marrow is replaced with abnormal benign intramedullary fibro-osseous tissue, and can involve any bone in the body. The vertebral involvement is rare. Radiological and pathological findings can be diagnostic. Biphosphonates and @entity8 , @entity9 and @entity13 supplements have been used in @entity2 treatment. @entity7 is a rare, but serious malignant complication. We report the case of a 68 year old @entity0 with a history of hypofisectomy, with a progressive @entity11 , without @entity1 . The bone scan, the ra di o graphs and the computed tomography findings revealed @entity15 , with vertebral and mandibular involvement. In this paper we compared @entity16 with @entity14 .

title: [ XXXX and @entity15 : case-report and differential diagnose with @entity14 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 of bone or Jaffe @entity6 is a genetic, non-inheritable disease of bone development, characterized by @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity5 , mainly observed in yo ung adults. The frequency is equal between sexes. Mutations in the gene coding the @entity12 , @entity12 complex, results in osteoblastic differentiation defects, and bone resorption. The disease can have a monostotic or polyostotic form, or be associated with caf  -au-lait skin spots and precocious puberty ( @entity10 ). The normal bone and bone marrow is replaced with abnormal benign intramedullary fibro-osseous tissue, and can involve any bone in the body. The vertebral involvement is rare. Radiological and pathological findings can be diagnostic. Biphosphonates and @entity8 , @entity9 and @entity13 supplements have been used in @entity2 treatment. @entity7 is a rare, but serious malignant complication. We report the case of a 68 year old @entity0 with a history of hypofisectomy, with a progressive @entity11 , without @entity1 . The bone scan, the ra di o graphs and the computed tomography findings revealed @entity15 , with vertebral and mandibular involvement. In this paper we compared @entity16 with @entity14 .

title: [ @entity2 and XXXX : case-report and differential diagnose with @entity14 ].

answer: @entity15


abstract: @entity2 of bone or Jaffe @entity6 is a genetic, non-inheritable disease of bone development, characterized by @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity5 , mainly observed in yo ung adults. The frequency is equal between sexes. Mutations in the gene coding the @entity12 , @entity12 complex, results in osteoblastic differentiation defects, and bone resorption. The disease can have a monostotic or polyostotic form, or be associated with caf  -au-lait skin spots and precocious puberty ( @entity10 ). The normal bone and bone marrow is replaced with abnormal benign intramedullary fibro-osseous tissue, and can involve any bone in the body. The vertebral involvement is rare. Radiological and pathological findings can be diagnostic. Biphosphonates and @entity8 , @entity9 and @entity13 supplements have been used in @entity2 treatment. @entity7 is a rare, but serious malignant complication. We report the case of a 68 year old @entity0 with a history of hypofisectomy, with a progressive @entity11 , without @entity1 . The bone scan, the ra di o graphs and the computed tomography findings revealed @entity15 , with vertebral and mandibular involvement. In this paper we compared @entity16 with @entity14 .

title: [ @entity2 and @entity15 : case-report and differential diagnose with XXXX ].

answer: @entity14


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased risk of @entity3 has been described in @entity0 with @entity1 and has been attributed, in part, to the presence of @entity2 and bullae. OBJECTIVES: We assess the risk of pneumothorax and its relationship to the presence of @entity2 and bullae in @entity0 with @entity1 in the era of CT imaging. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed of all @entity0 13 years or older with @entity1 evaluated at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn., USA, from 1998 through 2008. One hundred and sixty-six @entity0 met the current diagnostic criteria for @entity1 and had chest imaging studies available for review. RESULTS: The median age was 40 years (range 14-71); 37% had a smoking history. Eight of 166 @entity0 (4.8%) had experienced 1 or more episodes of @entity3 , and 2 of these 8 @entity0 had 2 or more episodes. @entity2 or bullae were identified on radiologic imaging in 16 @entity0 (9.6%). Four of 16 (25%) @entity0 with @entity2 or bullae had a history of @entity3 compared to 4 of 150 @entity0 (2.7%) without @entity2 or bullae (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of @entity2 is relatively low in @entity0 with @entity1 but the risk of pneumothorax is significantly higher in those with radiologically detectable @entity2 or bullae. Chest CT scanning to identify @entity2 and bullae may allow risk stratification for pneumothorax in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Pneumothorax and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We have investigated the effect of using @entity2 ( @entity3 ) during peri-acetabular osteotomy (PAO) on peri-operative @entity1 and blood transfusion requirements. In addition we analysed whether the use of @entity3 was associated with an increased risk of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) following this procedure. A consecutive series of 96 PAOs, performed by a single surgeon, were reviewed. A total of 48 @entity0 received @entity3 and 48 did not. The @entity3 group received a continuous infusion of @entity3 at a rate of 10 mg/kg/h. The primary outcome measure was the requirement for blood transfusion. Secondary outcomes included @entity1 , the decrease in the level of haemoglobin in the blood, the length of hospital stay, and the complications of this treatment. The mean rate of transfusion was significantly lower in the @entity3 group (62.5% vs 12.5%, p  < 0.001). The mean @entity1 was also significantly reduced in the @entity3 group (1.9 L (standard deviation (sd) 0.9) vs 1.5 L (sd 0.7), p < 0.01). No post-operative episodes of @entity4 were identified in either group. The use of @entity3 reduced the @entity1 and the rate of transfusion after PAO significantly, without adverse effects such as an increased rate of @entity4 . Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1604-7.

title: XXXX reduces the @entity1 and blood transfusion requirements following peri-acetabular osteotomy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We have investigated the effect of using @entity2 ( @entity3 ) during peri-acetabular osteotomy (PAO) on peri-operative @entity1 and blood transfusion requirements. In addition we analysed whether the use of @entity3 was associated with an increased risk of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) following this procedure. A consecutive series of 96 PAOs, performed by a single surgeon, were reviewed. A total of 48 @entity0 received @entity3 and 48 did not. The @entity3 group received a continuous infusion of @entity3 at a rate of 10 mg/kg/h. The primary outcome measure was the requirement for blood transfusion. Secondary outcomes included @entity1 , the decrease in the level of haemoglobin in the blood, the length of hospital stay, and the complications of this treatment. The mean rate of transfusion was significantly lower in the @entity3 group (62.5% vs 12.5%, p  < 0.001). The mean @entity1 was also significantly reduced in the @entity3 group (1.9 L (standard deviation (sd) 0.9) vs 1.5 L (sd 0.7), p < 0.01). No post-operative episodes of @entity4 were identified in either group. The use of @entity3 reduced the @entity1 and the rate of transfusion after PAO significantly, without adverse effects such as an increased rate of @entity4 . Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1604-7.

title: @entity2 reduces the XXXX and blood transfusion requirements following peri-acetabular osteotomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity0 constitute a group of diseases in which misfolding of extracellular proteins plays a fundamental role. The aggregation of normally soluble proteins into insoluble unbranching fibrils is the basic underlying pathology in @entity0 . The process of amyloid formation generates toxic insoluble (in saline) protein aggregates that are deposited in tissues in the form of b- pleated sheets of fibrillary material. The @entity0 are considered to be part of the so-called protein storage diseases (protein thesauroses). In addition, due to the unusual protein folding associated with amyloid, this group of diseases has been referred to as conformational and @entity1 . For many years @entity0 was considered an extremely rare, somewhat @entity3 . However, in recent years its pathogenesis, particularly that of @entity2 , has been carefully dissected in the research laboratory using in vitro and, to a lesser extent, in vivo models. These have provided a molecular understanding of sequential events that take place in the renal mesangium leading to the formation of amyloid fibrils and eventual extrusion into the mesangial matrix, which itself becomes seriously damaged and, in due time, replaced by the fibrillary material. Amyloid, once considered to be an 'inert' substance, has been proven to be involved in crucial biological processes that result in the destruction and eventual replacement of normal renal constituents. Although there are more than two dozen recognized amyloid precursor proteins (and new ones being added to the list) that can be involved in the genesis of amyloid fibrils, the pathophysiologic mechanisms that occur in the renal mesangium are likely to be very similar, if not the same, regardless of the type of @entity0 . Likewise, the same is true of amyloid formation in the renal vasculature. Mesangial cells are essentially smooth muscle cells and the events that take place in the mesangium and vasculature (where smooth muscle cells and/or pericytes are present) in the entire body responsible for the formation of amyloid are the same. In the renal interstitium, fibroblasts likely participate in the formation of amyloid, following a similar sequence of events as smooth muscle cells. Although much of the information gathered has been from in vitro systems, an in vivo model of @entity2 has recently been designed to study renal amyloidogenesis. Crucial steps in the cascade of events that result in the formation of amyloid fibrils have been elucidated in the laboratory. The information that has been gathered regarding the pathogenesis of @entity0 has been translated to the clinical arena where implementation of new therapeutic approaches is beginning to occur. Additional molecular-based therapies will be implemented in the near future.

title: XXXX : current views on pathogenesis and impact on diagnosis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Revision of a cemented hemiarthroplasty of the hip may be a hazardous procedure with high rates of @entity3 . Removing well-fixed cement is time consuming and risks damaging already weak bone or perforating the femoral shaft. The cement-in-cement method avoids removal of intact cement and has shown good results when used for revision @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The use of this technique for the revision of a hemiarthroplasty to @entity4 has not been previously reported. A total of 28 consecutive hemiarthroplasties (in 28 @entity0 ) were revised to a @entity4 using an Exeter stem and the cement-in-cement technique. There were four @entity0 and 24 @entity0 ; their mean age was 80 years (35 to 93). Clinical and radiographic data, as well as operative notes, were collected prospectively and no @entity0 was lost to follow-up. Four @entity0 died within two years of surgery. The mean follow up of the remainder was 70 months (25 to 124). Intra-operatively there was one proximal perforation, one crack of the femoral calcar and one @entity1 . No femoral components have required subsequent revision for @entity5 or are radiologically loose. Four @entity0 with late complications (14%) have since undergone surgery (two for a peri-prosthetic fracture, and one each for @entity2 and recurrent dislocation) resulting in an overall major rate of complication of 35.7%. The cement-in-cement technique provides reliable femoral fixation in this elderly population and may reduce operating time and rates of complication. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1623-7.

title: Revision of hemiarthroplasty to XXXX using the cement-in-cement technique.

answer: @entity4


abstract: This study aimed to determine the long-term functional, clinical and radiological outcomes in @entity0 with Schatzker IV to VI @entity1 of the tibial plateau treated with an Ilizarov frame. Clinical, functional and radiological assessment was carried out at a minimum of one year post-operatively. A cohort of 105 @entity0 (62 @entity0 , 43 @entity0 ) with a mean age of 49 years (15 to 87) and a mean follow-up of 7.8 years (1 to 19) were reviewed. There were 18 type IV, 10 type V and 77 type VI @entity1 . All @entity1 united with a mean time to union of 20.1 weeks (10.6 to 42.3). No @entity0 developed a @entity2 . The median range of movement (ROM) of the knee was 110(o) and the median Iowa score was 85. Our study demonstrates good long-term functional outcome with no @entity2 ; spanning the knee had no detrimental effect on the ROM or functional outcome. High-energy @entity1 of the tibial plateau may be treated effectively with a fine wire Ilizarov fixator. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1693-7.

title: Ilizarov management of Schatzker IV to VI XXXX of the tibial plateau: 105 @entity1 at a mean follow-up of 7.8 years.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study aimed to determine the long-term functional, clinical and radiological outcomes in @entity0 with Schatzker IV to VI @entity1 of the tibial plateau treated with an Ilizarov frame. Clinical, functional and radiological assessment was carried out at a minimum of one year post-operatively. A cohort of 105 @entity0 (62 @entity0 , 43 @entity0 ) with a mean age of 49 years (15 to 87) and a mean follow-up of 7.8 years (1 to 19) were reviewed. There were 18 type IV, 10 type V and 77 type VI @entity1 . All @entity1 united with a mean time to union of 20.1 weeks (10.6 to 42.3). No @entity0 developed a @entity2 . The median range of movement (ROM) of the knee was 110(o) and the median Iowa score was 85. Our study demonstrates good long-term functional outcome with no @entity2 ; spanning the knee had no detrimental effect on the ROM or functional outcome. High-energy @entity1 of the tibial plateau may be treated effectively with a fine wire Ilizarov fixator. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1693-7.

title: Ilizarov management of Schatzker IV to VI @entity1 of the tibial plateau: 105 XXXX at a mean follow-up of 7.8 years.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the implementation of the @entity1 screening program in Lithuania in 2004, @entity1 incidence rates have stabilized during a 4-year period: in 2006 and 2007, 508 and 485 new cases, respectively, were diagnosed. @entity3 ) infection is one of the main risk factors for @entity1 and development of intraepithelial lesions. However, not only HPV, but also HPV type, is a very important factor for malignant transformation. Cervical intraepithelial lesions with @entity5 and 18 more frequently progress to @entity1 . To date, in Lithuania, studies only on HPV prevalence and risk factors have been carried out, and less attention has been paid to the identification of HPV types. The aim of this study was to identify the most common HPV types in @entity0 with various cytological lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 246 @entity0 with various cytological lesions ( @entity6 [ @entity6 ], low-grade squamous @entity2 [LSIL], and high-grade squamous @entity2 [HSIL]) were included into the study. All the @entity0 were screened for @entity4 followed by HPV typing for types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, and 59. Polymerase chain reaction was used. RESULTS: Less than half (45.5%) of @entity0 with cytological lesions were infected with HPV. The highest prevalence of HPV was detected in @entity0 with HSILs (62.1%) and CIN2 (86.7%). HPV typing revealed that the most frequent type was @entity5 (64.3%); HPV 18 and HPV 33 accounted for 5.4% and 4.5% of cases, respectively. Based on cytologic diagnosis, @entity5 was more frequently found in @entity0 with HSILs than @entity0 with @entity6 (77.8% vs. 50.0%). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity4 in @entity0 with cytological lesions was 45.5%. The highest prevalence of HPV was detected in @entity0 with HSILs (cytologic investigation) and CIN2 (histologic investigation). @entity5 is the most common type in @entity0 with various cervical intraepithelial lesions.

title: [Prevalence of XXXX types in cervical intraepithelial lesions].

answer: @entity3