abstract: AIMS: Current smokers in the general population have a lower 2 h plasma @entity2 after an oral @entity2 tolerance test (OGTT) and a higher HbA1c than non-smokers, but the relationships between OGTT/HbA1c and smoking status have not been addressed in pregnancy. We analysed glycaemic measurements in @entity0 with @entity1 in relation to smoking status. METHODS: We performed a review of the prospectively collected database of the @entity1 . We included @entity0 with @entity1 and a singleton pregnancy who delivered between 1986 and 2006. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate @entity0 characteristics in relation to smoking status. RESULTS: A total of 2361 @entity0 met the inclusion criteria: 556 (23.5%) were active smokers, 266 (11.3%) quit during pregnancy and 1539 (65.2%) were non-smokers. Most baseline characteristics were similar across groups. Diagnostic OGTT was performed at a gestational age of [median (25th, 75(th) centiles)] 29 weeks (26, 33). @entity0 who smoked at the beginning of pregnancy had a higher 1-h plasma @entity2 than non-smokers [11.8 (11, 12.7), 11.6 (11, 12.6) and 11.5 (10.8, 12.5) mmol/l, for active smokers, those who quit during pregnancy and non-smokers, respectively, P < 0.001] and a lower 3-h plasma @entity2 [7.3 (5.9, 8.4), 7.6 (6.4, 8.7) and 8.0 (6.8, 9.0) mmol/l, respectively, P < 0.001]. HbA1c was higher in @entity0 who smoked at the beginning of pregnancy. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the independent association of smoking status with HbA1c and OGTT plasma @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity1 who smoke at the beginning of pregnancy, the shape of the OGTT is consistent with accelerated @entity2 absorption, and @entity3 c is higher than expected for glycaemic values.

title: Smoking affects the oral XXXX tolerance test profile and the relationship between @entity2 and @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: Current smokers in the general population have a lower 2 h plasma @entity2 after an oral @entity2 tolerance test (OGTT) and a higher HbA1c than non-smokers, but the relationships between OGTT/HbA1c and smoking status have not been addressed in pregnancy. We analysed glycaemic measurements in @entity0 with @entity1 in relation to smoking status. METHODS: We performed a review of the prospectively collected database of the @entity1 . We included @entity0 with @entity1 and a singleton pregnancy who delivered between 1986 and 2006. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to evaluate @entity0 characteristics in relation to smoking status. RESULTS: A total of 2361 @entity0 met the inclusion criteria: 556 (23.5%) were active smokers, 266 (11.3%) quit during pregnancy and 1539 (65.2%) were non-smokers. Most baseline characteristics were similar across groups. Diagnostic OGTT was performed at a gestational age of [median (25th, 75(th) centiles)] 29 weeks (26, 33). @entity0 who smoked at the beginning of pregnancy had a higher 1-h plasma @entity2 than non-smokers [11.8 (11, 12.7), 11.6 (11, 12.6) and 11.5 (10.8, 12.5) mmol/l, for active smokers, those who quit during pregnancy and non-smokers, respectively, P < 0.001] and a lower 3-h plasma @entity2 [7.3 (5.9, 8.4), 7.6 (6.4, 8.7) and 8.0 (6.8, 9.0) mmol/l, respectively, P < 0.001]. HbA1c was higher in @entity0 who smoked at the beginning of pregnancy. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the independent association of smoking status with HbA1c and OGTT plasma @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity1 who smoke at the beginning of pregnancy, the shape of the OGTT is consistent with accelerated @entity2 absorption, and @entity3 c is higher than expected for glycaemic values.

title: Smoking affects the oral @entity2 tolerance test profile and the relationship between XXXX and @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controversies on how to treat upper @entity5 have existed for several decades. With the application of minimally invasive techniques, surgical treatment to upper @entity5 tends to show more advantages and attract more @entity0 . Up to now, most hospitals adopted the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) as the way of minimally invasive surgery for upper @entity5 . But @entity7 to treat upper @entity5 has its drawbacks, such as demanding certain pulmonary function and severe @entity1 . In 2011, we developed the gasless laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy (LTE) to treat upper @entity5 , which showed some advantages. The aim of this article was to compare LTE with @entity7 in treating @entity5 and assess the value of LTE. METHODS: From 2009 to 2014, esophagectomy has been performed by the introduction of minimally invasive surgery in a total of 83 @entity0 with @entity5 . Among these @entity0 , LTE was performed in 27 cases (Group 1), while @entity7 was performed in the other 56 (Group 2). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was done in @entity0 of Group 1. RESULTS: There were no operation-related deaths and conversion to open procedure. There was no significant difference in postoperative complications, ventilation time, ICU stay, hospital stay, and @entity6 rates between the two groups. But LTE was associated with shorter operative time and less intraoperative @entity2 . In Group 2, 21 (37.5  %) @entity0 had @entity3 , while in Group 1, there were 6 (22.2  %) @entity0 having @entity4 at least one time. Results of 24-h pH monitoring and manometry showed that postoperative laryngo-pharyngeal reflux (PLPR) was more severe in Group 2 @entity0 than in Group 1; for Group 1, PLPR mainly occurred on sleep stage, while for Group 2, PLPR might exist all the day with short intervals and last longer at night. The median overall survival was 27.2  months after @entity7 and 30.8  months after LTE (P  =  0.962). There was no significant difference in survival at 2, 3 and 4  years between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with @entity7 , LTE is a more minimally invasive approach to effectively treat @entity0 with upper @entity5 . Laryngo-pharyngeal reflux after LTE was less severe than that after @entity7 , which might lower incidence of @entity4 . For the elderly @entity0 , LTE seems more suitable.

title: Pros and cons of the gasless laparoscopic transhiatal esophagectomy for upper XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Locally advanced @entity3 is treated with radiochemotherapy (RCT) before surgery. The response to RCT is heterogeneous and consensus regarding reliable predictors is lacking. Since the @entity4 pathway is implicated in radioprotection, we examined pretreatment biopsies from 52 @entity0 by immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated @entity4 (pERK). Immunostaining for pERK was considerably enhanced by use of alkaline demasking. Nuclear staining occurred in both @entity1 cells and stromal cells. Blind-coded sections were scored by 2 independent investigators. In @entity0 showing no @entity2 after RCT ( @entity5 ), staining for pERK in @entity1 , but not stromal, cell nuclei was significantly weaker than in @entity0 showing a poor RCT response ( @entity5 vs @entity6 : p = 0.0001). Nuclear staining for pERK predicted poor responders, as illustrated by receiver operating characteristic curves with an area under curve of 0.86 (p = 0.0007) and also predicted downstaging (area under curve: 0.76; p = 0.01). A number of controls documented the specificity of the optimized staining method and results were confirmed with another pERK antibody. Thus, staining for pERK in @entity1 cell nuclei can predict the response to RCT and may help spare poor responders this treatment. These results also raise the question whether inhibitors of @entity4 activation may serve as response modifiers of RCT.

title: Phospho-ERK1/2 levels in @entity1 cell nuclei predict responsiveness to radiochemotherapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Locally advanced @entity3 is treated with radiochemotherapy (RCT) before surgery. The response to RCT is heterogeneous and consensus regarding reliable predictors is lacking. Since the @entity4 pathway is implicated in radioprotection, we examined pretreatment biopsies from 52 @entity0 by immunohistochemistry for phosphorylated @entity4 (pERK). Immunostaining for pERK was considerably enhanced by use of alkaline demasking. Nuclear staining occurred in both @entity1 cells and stromal cells. Blind-coded sections were scored by 2 independent investigators. In @entity0 showing no @entity2 after RCT ( @entity5 ), staining for pERK in @entity1 , but not stromal, cell nuclei was significantly weaker than in @entity0 showing a poor RCT response ( @entity5 vs @entity6 : p = 0.0001). Nuclear staining for pERK predicted poor responders, as illustrated by receiver operating characteristic curves with an area under curve of 0.86 (p = 0.0007) and also predicted downstaging (area under curve: 0.76; p = 0.01). A number of controls documented the specificity of the optimized staining method and results were confirmed with another pERK antibody. Thus, staining for pERK in @entity1 cell nuclei can predict the response to RCT and may help spare poor responders this treatment. These results also raise the question whether inhibitors of @entity4 activation may serve as response modifiers of RCT.

title: Phospho-ERK1/2 levels in XXXX cell nuclei predict responsiveness to radiochemotherapy of @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The presence of a cervical cerclage at the time of preterm premature @entity1 potentially complicates this already difficult management problem. An analysis of 44 @entity0 presenting with preterm premature @entity1 was conducted. Twelve @entity0 were immediately delivered because of fetal distress, labor, or mature fetal pulmonary studies. Thirty-two @entity0 entered an expectant management protocol. The cervical cerclage was removed on admission to the study. These @entity0 were compared with 32 matched control subjects. There appears to be no difference in neonatal or maternal outcome between the study and control groups. The latency period from premature @entity1 until delivery was not affected by the presence or removal of the cerclage. There was no difference in infectious complications. These data suggest that the presence of a cervical cerclage at the time of preterm premature @entity1 does not increase the risk of delivery or infectious morbidity as long as the cerclage is removed early in the management protocol.

title: The role of cervical cerclage in the management of preterm premature XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We studied whether the biomechanical properties of brain play an important role in the development of early ischemic @entity4 in @entity2 with @entity3 . Brain tissue pressure, tissue compliance, and tissue resistance were measured from the gray matter in the core and the periphery of the middle cerebral artery territory for 6 hours after occlusion. Regional cerebral blood flow and water content were also measured from the same areas. Ventricular fluid pressure was recorded. Tissue pressure rose gradually in the core, where flow was 6 ml/100 g/min, over 4 hours and then stabilized. The pressure gradient measured between @entity0 tissue and ventricular fluid was 5.3 mm Hg. Tissue resistance increased 1 hour after occlusion when water content increased to 10 mg/g. Later, when water content increased by 40 mg/g, tissue resistance decreased and tissue compliance increased significantly. In the periphery, where flow was 17.6 ml/100 g/min, tissue pressure rose slightly while tissue compliance and tissue resistance did not change within 6 hours. Our data indicate that as @entity1 progresses, @entity0 fluid accumulates in highly compliant brain parenchyma, then migrates through highly conductive tissue into the cerebrospinal fluid spaces, driven by the hydrostatic pressure gradient between the @entity0 tissue and the cerebrospinal fluid.

title: Biomechanics of XXXX in acute cerebral ischemia in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We studied whether the biomechanical properties of brain play an important role in the development of early ischemic @entity4 in @entity2 with @entity3 . Brain tissue pressure, tissue compliance, and tissue resistance were measured from the gray matter in the core and the periphery of the middle cerebral artery territory for 6 hours after occlusion. Regional cerebral blood flow and water content were also measured from the same areas. Ventricular fluid pressure was recorded. Tissue pressure rose gradually in the core, where flow was 6 ml/100 g/min, over 4 hours and then stabilized. The pressure gradient measured between @entity0 tissue and ventricular fluid was 5.3 mm Hg. Tissue resistance increased 1 hour after occlusion when water content increased to 10 mg/g. Later, when water content increased by 40 mg/g, tissue resistance decreased and tissue compliance increased significantly. In the periphery, where flow was 17.6 ml/100 g/min, tissue pressure rose slightly while tissue compliance and tissue resistance did not change within 6 hours. Our data indicate that as @entity1 progresses, @entity0 fluid accumulates in highly compliant brain parenchyma, then migrates through highly conductive tissue into the cerebrospinal fluid spaces, driven by the hydrostatic pressure gradient between the @entity0 tissue and the cerebrospinal fluid.

title: Biomechanics of @entity4 in acute cerebral ischemia in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Twenty-four consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 nonunion in the metaphyseal-epiphyseal areas of long bones were surgically treated. Average time from injury to treatment of the nonunion was 10 months, and average follow-up time after surgical treatment was 29 months. Eight @entity0 with infected nonunions had initial debridement procedures; three of these @entity0 then had placement of external fixators and bone grafting. The remaining five @entity0 and 13 others were then treated by open reduction and internal fixation alone or with the addition of autogenous cancellous bone grafting. Single or double plates and screws were used. Arthrolysis, joint manipulation, and intensive postsurgical exercises were considered necessary to regain joint function. One @entity0 underwent a hemiarthroplasty, and two others underwent arthrodesis as the initial nonunion treatment. Twenty of the 21 @entity0 not treated by arthrodesis or arthroplasty healed their @entity2 in an average time of 7 months. Fifty-two percent of the @entity0 achieved good or excellent range of motion (ROM) of the contiguous joint, with 70% of the @entity0 reporting no @entity1 in this joint. These @entity2 have excellent intrinsic healing capability because they occur in anatomical regions with a normally abundant circulation. We recommend stable fixation, with the need for bone grafting only in defect nonunions, together with intra- and postoperative joint mobilization to obtain a satisfactory functional end result.

title: Treatment of nonunion of XXXX in the epiphyseal-metaphyseal region of long bones.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recently, rapid advances in bioinformatics analysis have expanded our understanding of the transcriptome to a genome-wide level. miRNA-mRNA-lncRNA interactions have been shown to play critical regulatory role in @entity3 biology. In this study, we discussed the use of an integrated systematic approach to explore new facets of the @entity5 receptor (ER)-regulated transcriptome. The identification of RNAs that are related to the expression status of the ER may be useful in clinical therapy and prognosis. We used a network modelling strategy. First, microarray expression profiling of mRNA, lncRNA and miRNA was performed in MCF-7 (ER-positive) and MDA-MB-231 cells (ER- negative). A co-expression network was then built using co-expression relationships of the differentially expressed mRNAs and lncRNAs. Finally, the selected miRNA-mRNA network was added to the network. The key miRNA-mRNA-lncRNA interaction can be inferred from the network. The mRNA and non-coding RNA expression profiles of the cells with different ER phenotypes were distinct. Among the aberrantly expressed miRNAs, the expression levels of @entity12 -3p, miR-19b-3p and miR-130a-3p were much lower in the MCF-7 cells, whereas that of @entity9 -3p was much higher. In a cluster of @entity8 , the expression levels of six of seven miRNAs were lower in the MCF-7 cells, in addition to @entity11 in the @entity10 -363 cluster. However, the levels of all the miRNAs in the @entity10 -25 cluster were higher in the MCF-7 cells. In the co-expression networking, @entity6 and @entity13 gene which is involved in the immune response and @entity2 , respectively, had a stronger correlation with ER. Among the aberrantly expressed lncRNAs, lncRNA- @entity7 was highly expressed in the MCF-7 cells. A statistical analysis revealed that there was a co-expression relationship between @entity4 and lncRNA- @entity7 . In addition, @entity12 and lncRNA- @entity7 are both located on the @entity1 chromosome 13q. We speculate that @entity12 might be co-expressed with lncRNA- @entity7 to co-regulate the expression of @entity4 , which influences the occurrence and development of @entity0 cells with different levels of ER expression. Our findings reveal that the status of ER is mainly due to the differences in the mRNA and ncRNA profile between the @entity0 cell lines, and highlight the importance of studying the miRNA-mRNA-lncRNA interactions to completely illustrate the intricate transcriptome.

title: Analysis of the miRNA-mRNA-lncRNA networks in ER+ and ER- XXXX cell lines.

answer: @entity0


abstract: At glutamatergic synapses, @entity1 receptors (NMDARs) are localized with other ionotropic @entity2 receptors [ @entity0 receptors (AMPARs) and @entity3 receptors] and with metabotropic @entity2 receptors. Targeting the necessary number of NMDARs to the proper sites at synapses is critical for normal glutamatergic neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Additional diversity of NMDAR responses arises from the complexity of subunit composition and variations in localization. Thus, the mechanisms of NMDAR trafficking and targeting must address the complex needs of neurons. For example, NMDARs must be transported to different subcellular sites because some receptors are localized to synaptic sites (pre- and postsynaptic) while others are localized extrasynaptically [1   4]. NMDAR subunit expression differs as a function of brain region and developmental age [5   7]. Subunit composition may determine subcellular localization, i.e., in adults, @entity5 -containing receptors are enriched at synapses while extrasynaptic receptors are predominantly @entity6 -containing complexes [1,2,4]. Furthermore, evidence indicates the incorporation of more than one type of NR2 subunit in each complex (tri-heteromeric @entity4 /NR2X/NR2Y) such as @entity4 / @entity5 / @entity6 receptors in hippocampal neuron synapses, @entity4 / @entity5 / @entity8 in cerebellar granule cell synapses, and @entity4 / @entity6 / @entity7 in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons [8]. Finally, different NMDARs may be expressed at different synapses within the same neuron [4]. Thus, the mechanisms of NMDAR trafficking must be varied and well regulated to meet the needs of neurons.

title: Trafficking and Targeting of XXXX Receptors

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Programs to change health behaviours have been identified as one way to reduce health inequalities experienced by disadvantaged groups. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a behaviour change programme to increase walking and reduce sedentary behaviour of adults with @entity2 . METHODS: We used a cluster randomised controlled design and recruited @entity0 over 18  years old and not regularly involved in physical activity from @entity2 community-based organisations. Assessments were carried out blind to allocation. Clusters of @entity0 were randomly allocated to the Walk Well program or a 12-week waiting list control. Walk Well consisted of three face-to-face physical activity consultations incorporating behaviour change techniques, written resources for @entity0 and carers, and an individualised, structured walking programme. The primary outcome measured with accelerometers was change in mean step count per day between baseline and 12  weeks. Secondary outcomes included percentage time per day sedentary and in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), body mass index (BMI), and subjective well being. RESULTS: One hundred two @entity0 in 50 clusters were randomised. 82 (80.4  %) @entity0 completed the primary outcome. 66.7  % of @entity0 lived in the most deprived quintile on the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation. At baseline, @entity0 walked 4780 (standard deviation 2432) steps per day, spent 65.5  % (standard deviation 10.9) of time sedentary and 59  % percent had a body mass in the @entity1 range. After the walking programme, the difference between mean counts of the Walk Well and control group was 69.5 steps per day [95  % confidence interval (CI) -1054 to 1193.3]. There were no significant between group differences in percentage time sedentary 1.6  % (95  % CI -2.984 to 6.102), percentage time in MVPA 0.3  % (95  % CI -0.7 to 1.3), BMI -0.2  kg/m(2) (95  % CI -0.8 to 0.4) or subjective well-being 0.3 (95  % CI -0.9 to 1.5). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first published trial of a walking program for adults with @entity2 . Positively changing physical activity and sedentary behaviours may require more intensive programmes or upstream approaches to address the multiple social disadvantages experienced by adults with @entity2 . Since @entity0 spent the majority of their time sedentary, home-based programmes to reduce sitting time may be a viable health improvement approach. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN50494254.

title: Effectiveness of a walking programme to support adults with XXXX to increase physical activity: walk well cluster-randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prognostication of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) relies largely on traditional clinical factors and biomarkers such as hormone or growth factor receptors. Due to their suboptimal specificities, it is challenging to accurately identify the subset of @entity1 who are likely to undergo recurrence and there remains a major need for markers of higher utility to guide therapeutic decisions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and have shown promise as potential prognostic markers in several @entity2 types including @entity0 . RESULTS: In our study, we sequenced miRNAs from 104 @entity0 samples and 11 apparently healthy normal (reduction mammoplasty) breast tissues. We used Case-control (CC) and Case-only (CO) statistical paradigm to identify prognostic markers. Cox-proportional hazards regression model was employed and risk score analysis was performed to identify miRNA signature independent of potential confounders. Representative miRNAs were validated using qRT-PCR. Gene targets for prognostic miRNAs were identified using in silico predictions and in-house @entity0 transcriptome dataset. Gene ontology terms were identified using DAVID bioinformatics v6.7. A total of 1,423 miRNAs were captured. In the CC approach, 126 miRNAs were retained with predetermined criteria for good read counts, from which 80 miRNAs were differentially expressed. Of these, four and two miRNAs were significant for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ), respectively. In the CO approach, from 147 miRNAs retained after filtering, 11 and 4 miRNAs were significant for @entity3 and @entity3 , respectively. In both the approaches, the risk scores were significant after adjusting for potential confounders. The miRNAs associated with @entity3 identified in our cohort were validated using an external dataset from The @entity2 (TCGA) project. Targets for the identified miRNAs were enriched for cell proliferation, invasion and migration. CONCLUSIONS: The study identified twelve non-redundant miRNAs associated with @entity3 and/or @entity3 . These signatures include those that were reported by others in @entity0 or other @entity2 . Importantly we report for the first time two new candidate miRNAs ( @entity4 and miR-660-5p) as promising prognostic markers. Independent validation of signatures (for @entity3 ) using an external dataset from TCGA further strengthened the study findings.

title: Next generation sequencing profiling identifies @entity4 and miR-660-5p as potential novel prognostic markers for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prognostication of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) relies largely on traditional clinical factors and biomarkers such as hormone or growth factor receptors. Due to their suboptimal specificities, it is challenging to accurately identify the subset of @entity1 who are likely to undergo recurrence and there remains a major need for markers of higher utility to guide therapeutic decisions. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression and have shown promise as potential prognostic markers in several @entity2 types including @entity0 . RESULTS: In our study, we sequenced miRNAs from 104 @entity0 samples and 11 apparently healthy normal (reduction mammoplasty) breast tissues. We used Case-control (CC) and Case-only (CO) statistical paradigm to identify prognostic markers. Cox-proportional hazards regression model was employed and risk score analysis was performed to identify miRNA signature independent of potential confounders. Representative miRNAs were validated using qRT-PCR. Gene targets for prognostic miRNAs were identified using in silico predictions and in-house @entity0 transcriptome dataset. Gene ontology terms were identified using DAVID bioinformatics v6.7. A total of 1,423 miRNAs were captured. In the CC approach, 126 miRNAs were retained with predetermined criteria for good read counts, from which 80 miRNAs were differentially expressed. Of these, four and two miRNAs were significant for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ), respectively. In the CO approach, from 147 miRNAs retained after filtering, 11 and 4 miRNAs were significant for @entity3 and @entity3 , respectively. In both the approaches, the risk scores were significant after adjusting for potential confounders. The miRNAs associated with @entity3 identified in our cohort were validated using an external dataset from The @entity2 (TCGA) project. Targets for the identified miRNAs were enriched for cell proliferation, invasion and migration. CONCLUSIONS: The study identified twelve non-redundant miRNAs associated with @entity3 and/or @entity3 . These signatures include those that were reported by others in @entity0 or other @entity2 . Importantly we report for the first time two new candidate miRNAs ( @entity4 and miR-660-5p) as promising prognostic markers. Independent validation of signatures (for @entity3 ) using an external dataset from TCGA further strengthened the study findings.

title: Next generation sequencing profiling identifies XXXX and miR-660-5p as potential novel prognostic markers for @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Forty-five @entity0 with advanced @entity6 ( @entity6 ), with progressive inoperable @entity1 were treated. Twenty-three @entity0 were of "limited" stage. Six @entity0 had received previous thoracic radiotherapy. @entity0 with central nervous system (CNS) metastases, Karnofsky scores of less than 30 or more than 70, and @entity0 over 70 years of age were excluded from the study. @entity4 (2.5 g/m2) was infused intravenously over 3 hours with the same Mesna dose. At the midpoint of the infusion, 3.5 g/m2 infosfamide was delivered as a bolus. Additional Mesna was administered over the next 8 hours. A maximum of four courses were given at three weekly intervals. One-hundred-thirty-eight courses were administered and 53% of @entity0 completed all four treatments. The response rate was 38%, with three (7%) complete responses. Seven additional @entity0 (15%) with stable disease symptomatically improved by two steps or more on the Karnofsky scale at the end of treatment. Median survival for all 45 @entity0 was 7 months, range less than 1 to 25 months. Sixteen courses were complicated by Grade 3 thrombocytopaenia and/or @entity8 (Grade 4 on six occasions, Grade 3 on seven occasions) on the blood count taken immediately before chemotherapy. Intravenous antibiotics were required on 14% of the total number of courses; and three @entity0 died of probable treatment related causes. Two episodes of severe @entity7 @entity2 occurred but recovery was complete, and four episodes of frank @entity5 also occurred. The Karnofsky score was more than 70 in 33% of @entity0 one month after the end of chemotherapy compared with 0% before treatment. Unlike many chemotherapeutic regimens for @entity6 , double alkylating agent treatment with @entity7 and @entity4 improved the performance status without major @entity3 in a selected @entity0 population. The overall survival, however, remains short and further alkylating agent combinations need to be considered in the future.

title: Double alkylating agent therapy with @entity7 and @entity4 for advanced XXXX . From the @entity1 Group.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Forty-five @entity0 with advanced @entity6 ( @entity6 ), with progressive inoperable @entity1 were treated. Twenty-three @entity0 were of "limited" stage. Six @entity0 had received previous thoracic radiotherapy. @entity0 with central nervous system (CNS) metastases, Karnofsky scores of less than 30 or more than 70, and @entity0 over 70 years of age were excluded from the study. @entity4 (2.5 g/m2) was infused intravenously over 3 hours with the same Mesna dose. At the midpoint of the infusion, 3.5 g/m2 infosfamide was delivered as a bolus. Additional Mesna was administered over the next 8 hours. A maximum of four courses were given at three weekly intervals. One-hundred-thirty-eight courses were administered and 53% of @entity0 completed all four treatments. The response rate was 38%, with three (7%) complete responses. Seven additional @entity0 (15%) with stable disease symptomatically improved by two steps or more on the Karnofsky scale at the end of treatment. Median survival for all 45 @entity0 was 7 months, range less than 1 to 25 months. Sixteen courses were complicated by Grade 3 thrombocytopaenia and/or @entity8 (Grade 4 on six occasions, Grade 3 on seven occasions) on the blood count taken immediately before chemotherapy. Intravenous antibiotics were required on 14% of the total number of courses; and three @entity0 died of probable treatment related causes. Two episodes of severe @entity7 @entity2 occurred but recovery was complete, and four episodes of frank @entity5 also occurred. The Karnofsky score was more than 70 in 33% of @entity0 one month after the end of chemotherapy compared with 0% before treatment. Unlike many chemotherapeutic regimens for @entity6 , double alkylating agent treatment with @entity7 and @entity4 improved the performance status without major @entity3 in a selected @entity0 population. The overall survival, however, remains short and further alkylating agent combinations need to be considered in the future.

title: Double alkylating agent therapy with XXXX and @entity4 for advanced @entity6 . From the @entity1 Group.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Forty-five @entity0 with advanced @entity6 ( @entity6 ), with progressive inoperable @entity1 were treated. Twenty-three @entity0 were of "limited" stage. Six @entity0 had received previous thoracic radiotherapy. @entity0 with central nervous system (CNS) metastases, Karnofsky scores of less than 30 or more than 70, and @entity0 over 70 years of age were excluded from the study. @entity4 (2.5 g/m2) was infused intravenously over 3 hours with the same Mesna dose. At the midpoint of the infusion, 3.5 g/m2 infosfamide was delivered as a bolus. Additional Mesna was administered over the next 8 hours. A maximum of four courses were given at three weekly intervals. One-hundred-thirty-eight courses were administered and 53% of @entity0 completed all four treatments. The response rate was 38%, with three (7%) complete responses. Seven additional @entity0 (15%) with stable disease symptomatically improved by two steps or more on the Karnofsky scale at the end of treatment. Median survival for all 45 @entity0 was 7 months, range less than 1 to 25 months. Sixteen courses were complicated by Grade 3 thrombocytopaenia and/or @entity8 (Grade 4 on six occasions, Grade 3 on seven occasions) on the blood count taken immediately before chemotherapy. Intravenous antibiotics were required on 14% of the total number of courses; and three @entity0 died of probable treatment related causes. Two episodes of severe @entity7 @entity2 occurred but recovery was complete, and four episodes of frank @entity5 also occurred. The Karnofsky score was more than 70 in 33% of @entity0 one month after the end of chemotherapy compared with 0% before treatment. Unlike many chemotherapeutic regimens for @entity6 , double alkylating agent treatment with @entity7 and @entity4 improved the performance status without major @entity3 in a selected @entity0 population. The overall survival, however, remains short and further alkylating agent combinations need to be considered in the future.

title: Double alkylating agent therapy with @entity7 and @entity4 for advanced @entity6 . From the XXXX Group.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Forty-five @entity0 with advanced @entity6 ( @entity6 ), with progressive inoperable @entity1 were treated. Twenty-three @entity0 were of "limited" stage. Six @entity0 had received previous thoracic radiotherapy. @entity0 with central nervous system (CNS) metastases, Karnofsky scores of less than 30 or more than 70, and @entity0 over 70 years of age were excluded from the study. @entity4 (2.5 g/m2) was infused intravenously over 3 hours with the same Mesna dose. At the midpoint of the infusion, 3.5 g/m2 infosfamide was delivered as a bolus. Additional Mesna was administered over the next 8 hours. A maximum of four courses were given at three weekly intervals. One-hundred-thirty-eight courses were administered and 53% of @entity0 completed all four treatments. The response rate was 38%, with three (7%) complete responses. Seven additional @entity0 (15%) with stable disease symptomatically improved by two steps or more on the Karnofsky scale at the end of treatment. Median survival for all 45 @entity0 was 7 months, range less than 1 to 25 months. Sixteen courses were complicated by Grade 3 thrombocytopaenia and/or @entity8 (Grade 4 on six occasions, Grade 3 on seven occasions) on the blood count taken immediately before chemotherapy. Intravenous antibiotics were required on 14% of the total number of courses; and three @entity0 died of probable treatment related causes. Two episodes of severe @entity7 @entity2 occurred but recovery was complete, and four episodes of frank @entity5 also occurred. The Karnofsky score was more than 70 in 33% of @entity0 one month after the end of chemotherapy compared with 0% before treatment. Unlike many chemotherapeutic regimens for @entity6 , double alkylating agent treatment with @entity7 and @entity4 improved the performance status without major @entity3 in a selected @entity0 population. The overall survival, however, remains short and further alkylating agent combinations need to be considered in the future.

title: Double alkylating agent therapy with @entity7 and XXXX for advanced @entity6 . From the @entity1 Group.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To perform a modification to the standard laryngoplasty procedure in vivo that would result in @entity1 of the cricoarytenoid (CA) joint, and determine the stability provided to the abducted arytenoid in vitro. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental study. ANIMALS: @entity0 (n=8). METHODS: @entity0 were assigned to either control laryngoplasty (n=3) or modified laryngoplasty (5) procedure. Endoscopic upper airway evaluations were used to measure right:left quotients 1 day and 3 months postoperatively to assess maintenance of abduction. @entity0 were euthanatized 3 months after surgery and larynges collected for measurement of translaryngeal impedance and histologic evaluation of @entity2 . Each specimen was exposed to increasing negative pressure with the sutures intact or cut while translaryngeal impedance was recorded. Data were analyzed using ANOVA with significance set at P<.05. RESULTS: Loss of left arytenoid cartilage abduction at 3 months was greater in the control laryngoplasty group. Overall, impedance was significantly lower for the modified laryngoplasty group compared with the control laryngoplasty group and lower with the sutures intact than cut. Histologic evaluation of the joints confirmed fibrous bridging of the left CA joints of the modified laryngoplasty group. CONCLUSIONS: A modified laryngoplasty approach promotes @entity1 joint and decreases the loss of abduction of the arytenoid.

title: A modified laryngoplasty approach promoting XXXX of the cricoarytenoid joint.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A new operative technique of sequential map-guided subendocardial resection (SER) was used in 45 consecutive @entity0 for the treatment of sustained @entity6 due to @entity2 . This technique is characterized by map-guided SER or cryothermic ablation during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass, followed by repeated sequences of programmed stimulation to assess adequacy of resection. The @entity0 ' mean age was 59 +/- 10 years and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 34 +/- 12%. Twenty-five (56%) @entity0 had a history of @entity3 within the previous 2 months. After ventriculotomy, 34 @entity0 (76%) had inducible monomorphic @entity6 . These @entity0 underwent repeated sequences of @entity6 induction and mapping during normothermic bypass followed by successive SER or cryothermic ablation until sustained monomorphic @entity6 was no longer inducible. Twenty-seven @entity0 had a total of 60 discrete, mappable @entity4 induced and seven @entity0 had 10 discrete @entity4 that were too fast to accurately map. In the remaining 11 @entity0 , no @entity6 was inducible after ventriculotomy and SER, which included all visually identifiable @entity8 , was performed. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 102 +/- 27 min. Forty-one of 45 @entity0 (91%) survived to hospital discharge, and 35 of 41 @entity0 (85%) had no inducible @entity6 at postoperative electrophysiologic evaluation performed in the absence of all antiarrhythmic drugs. The remaining six @entity0 had no inducible @entity6 with drug therapy. All four operative nonsurvivors had refractory cardiac collapse preoperatively. Over 19 +/- 12 months of follow-up, there were four sudden @entity1 and no nonfatal recurrences of @entity6 . There were seven additional @entity1 . Actuarial cardiac survival was 0.57, and freedom from arrhythmic events was 0.76 at 42 months. Thus, in the absence of @entity7 , the technique of sequential map-guided SER achieves: (1) a high operative survival with acceptable perfusion times, (2) excellent long-term @entity5 control, and (3) survival comparable to that in @entity0 with similar left ventricular function and no history of @entity6 .

title: Surgical ablation of XXXX with sequential map-guided subendocardial resection: electrophysiologic assessment and long-term follow-up.

answer: @entity6


abstract: B-cell fate is orchestrated by a series of well-characterized developmental regulators. Here, we found that the onset of B-cell development was accompanied by large-scale changes in DNA @entity1 modifications associated with promoters, enhancers, and anchors. These changes were tightly linked to alterations in transcription factor occupancy and nascent RNA (eRNA) transcription. We found that the prepro-B to the pro-B-cell transition was associated with a global exchange of DNA @entity1 modifications for polycomb-mediated repression at CpG islands. Hypomethylated regions were found exclusively in the active/permissive compartment of the nucleus and were predominantly associated with regulatory elements or anchors that orchestrate the folding patterns of the genome. We identified superanchors, characterized by clusters of hypomethylated @entity3 ( @entity3 )-bound elements, which were predominantly located at boundaries that define topological associated domains. A particularly prominent hypomethylated superanchor was positioned down-stream of the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) locus. Analysis of global @entity0 -cross-linking studies indicated that the @entity2 locus superanchor interacts with the VH region repertoire across vast genomic distances. We propose that the @entity2 locus superanchor sequesters the VH and DHJH regions into a spatial confined geometric environment to promote rapid first-passage times. Collectively, these studies demonstrate how, in developing B cells, DNA @entity1 modifications associated with regulatory and architectural elements affect patterns of gene expression, folding patterns of the genome, and antigen receptor assembly.

title: New roles for DNA XXXX modification, eRNA, anchors, and superanchors in developing B cell progenitors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Bone mineral content (BMC), mineral homeostasis, and @entity1 control were evaluated in 31 Caucasian @entity4 -dependent @entity1 @entity0 (disease duration 18.3 +/- 7.7 yr, mean +/- SD) with normal kidney function. To evaluate bone mass, we performed radiogrammetry and single- and dual-photon absorptiometry. In @entity0 , a significantly lower mean BMC was found in the distal radius, at a mixed trabecular-cortical (P less than .01) and a cortical (P less than .05) site, as well as in the lumbar spine (P less than .02). In @entity1 @entity0 , mean BMC was significantly reduced at the trabecularcortical (P less than .01) and cortical (P less than .05) sites of the radius but not in the lumbar spine. When expressed as densities (i.e., BMC/width or lumbar BMC/area), only the BMC/width at the radius cortical area was significantly reduced in @entity0 (P less than .05). The results of the radiogrammetry showed a larger endosteal diameter in the @entity1 @entity0 , resulting in a significantly lower cortical thickness (P less than .05). @entity1 @entity0 did not show abnormalities on radiogrammetry. @entity1 @entity0 had diminished serum @entity2 and @entity5 concentrations (P less than .001), whereas serum parathyroid, @entity8 , and concentrations of both total and free @entity6 were normal. No correlation between parameters of @entity1 control ( @entity7 , @entity4 dose, and @entity3 ) or @entity2 -regulating hormones and BMC were found. These data confirm that, despite large overlap of individual values, mean bone mass at the peripheral skeleton is significantly decreased in @entity1 @entity0 . Moreover, we report that the BMC of the lumbar spine is significantly reduced in female @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Mineral metabolism and bone mass at peripheral and axial skeleton in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are increasingly being used for treatment of postoperative esophageal leak. This complication occurs in 4-27% of @entity0 after radical gastrectomy, and has a high mortality rate up to 60%.The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of @entity4 (Polyflex  ) for treatment of post-operative esophago-jejuno @entity1 leak after radical gastrectomy for @entity3 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: During one year period @entity0 who underwent a radical gastrectomy in our hospital for @entity3 and developed a postoperative @entity5 were prospectively included in the study after signing a consent form, and treated with @entity4 placement under endoscopic and fluoroscopic control for leak occlusion. RESULTS: Four @entity0 were included (3 @entity0 /1 @entity0 ). The mean interval between operation and @entity4 placement was 16 days (range: 4-34). @entity4 deployment was easily performed in all @entity0 with complete occlusion of esophageal lumen in three @entity0 . In the fourth @entity0 we needed to deploy a second coaxial stent to achieve a complete occlusion of the @entity2 . @entity4 migration did not happen in our series. One @entity0 had already developed a @entity6 by the time we placed the @entity4 and he died 3 days later. Extraction of the @entity4 was easily performed 4-8 weeks after deployment. CONCLUSION: We achieved a complete healing of the anastomotic @entity2 after radical gastrectomy in 3 out of 4 @entity0 , without major complications related to @entity4 . Placement of @entity4 is an appealing minimally invasive alternative to surgical repair for @entity0 with postoperative @entity5 .

title: Self-expanding plastic stents for the treatment of post-operative esophago-jejuno XXXX leak. A case series study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The treatment of @entity5 entails three methodologies, namely, medical management, @entity9 ( @entity9 ), as well as carotid endarterectomy (CEA). The North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) and European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST) have shown that symptomatic @entity5 greater than 70% is best treated with CEA. In asymptomatic @entity0 with @entity5 greater than 60%, CEA was more beneficial than treatment with @entity3 alone according to the Asymptomatic @entity8 (ACAS) and Asymptomatic Carotid @entity6 Trial (ACST) trials. When @entity9 is compared with CEA, the CREST resulted in similar rates of @entity2 and @entity4 rates regardless of symptoms. However, @entity9 not only increased adverse effects in @entity0 , it also amplified @entity2 rates and @entity4 in elderly @entity0 compared with CEA. @entity9 can maximize its utility in treating focal restenosis after CEA and @entity0 with overwhelming cardiac risk or prior neck irradiation. When performing CEA, using a patch was equated to a more durable result than primary closure, whereas eversion technique is a new methodology deserving a spotlight. Comparing the three major treatment strategies of @entity5 has intrinsic drawbacks, as most trials are outdated and they vary in their premises, definitions, and study designs. With the newly codified best medical management including antiplatelet therapies with @entity3 and @entity7 , @entity10 , antihypertensive agents, strict @entity1 control, smoking cessation, and life style change, the current trials may demonstrate that asymptomatic @entity5 is best treated with best medical therapy. The ongoing trials will illuminate and reshape the treatment paradigm for symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity5 .

title: Comparative Review of the Treatment Methodologies of Carotid XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIMS: The aims of the present study were to evaluate the feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) as curative treatment for node-negative @entity4 (EGC) and to consider further expansion of the curability criteria for submucosal invasive EGC. METHODS: A total of 977 EGC in 855 @entity0 treated by ESD were enrolled. They were divided into @entity2 (M); minimally @entity1 (<500  m from the muscularis mucosa) ( @entity5 ); and deeper @entity1 (>500  m from the muscularis mucosa) ( @entity6 ). The technical feasibility of ESD for @entity5 and M were compared, and the clinical prognosis of @entity5 was evaluated. Furthermore, the volume of @entity3 invading to the submucosal layer, which we called the SM volume index, was calculated virtually to analyze its correlation with @entity7 . RESULTS: There were no statistical differences in technical outcomes and complications between M and @entity5 . Curative resection rates were significantly better in M than in @entity5 (M, 92.6%; @entity5 , 63.8%). No local recurrences and distant @entity1 were found in 48 @entity5 @entity0 declared to have undergone curative resections. Most cases (72.0%) with successful ESD but non-curative resection exceeded 30mm in maximum size, and no local recurrences and @entity1 were found in these @entity0 . The SM volume index of these cases was comparatively small. CONCLUSION: The technical and theoretical validity of ESD for @entity5 was validated. The possibility of further expansion of the curability criteria for @entity1 was suggested by the evaluation of the SM volume index.

title: Endoscopic submucosal dissection for submucosal invasive XXXX and curability criteria.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We compared the ability of very high levels of nonfasting @entity1 and @entity3 to predict risk of @entity2 and total mortality. DESIGN: Prospective study from 1976 to 1978 until 2007. SETTING: Danish general population. @entity0 : Randomly selected population of 7581 @entity0 and 6391 @entity0 , of whom 768 and 1151 developed @entity2 and 4398 and 4416 died, respectively. Participation rate was 72%, and follow-up was 100% complete. Less than 2% of @entity0 were taking lipid-lowering therapy. RESULTS: Compared to @entity0 with @entity1 <5 mmol L(-1) , multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for @entity2 ranged from 1.3 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9-1.8] for a @entity1 level of 5.0-5.99 mmol L(-1) to 2.5 (95%CI: 1.6-4.0) for @entity1 >=  9 mmol L(-1) (trend: P < 0.0001). Compared with @entity0 with nonfasting @entity3 <1 mmol L(-1) , hazard ratios for @entity2 ranged from 1.5 (95%CI: 1.2-1.8) for @entity3 of 1.0-1.99 mmol L(-1) to 4.2 (95%CI: 2.5-7.2) for @entity3 >=  5 mmol L(-1) (p<0.0001). In @entity0 , corresponding hazard ratios ranged from 1.2 (95%CI: 1.0-1.5) to 5.3 (95%CI: 3.6-8.0) for @entity1 (P < 0.0001) and from 1.3 (95%CI: 1.0-1.6) to 2.1 (95%CI: 1.5-2.8) for @entity3 (P < 0.0001). Increasing @entity1 levels were not consistently associated with total mortality in @entity0 (trend: P = 0.39) or @entity0 (P = 0.02). By contrast, compared with @entity0 with @entity3 <1 mmol L(-1) , multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for total mortality ranged from 1.1 (95%CI: 1.0-1.2) for @entity3 of 1.0-1.99 mmol L(-1) to 2.0 (95%CI: 1.5-2.9) for @entity3 >= 5 mmol L(-1) (trend: P < 0.0001); corresponding hazard ratios in @entity0 ranged from 1.1 (95%CI: 1.0-1.2) to 1.5 (95%CI: 1.2-1.7) (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Stepwise increasing levels of nonfasting @entity1 and nonfasting @entity3 were similarly associated with stepwise increasing risk of @entity2 , with nonfasting @entity3 being the best predictor in @entity0 and nonfasting @entity1 the best predictor in @entity0 . Even more surprisingly, only increasing levels of nonfasting @entity3 were associated with total mortality, whereas increasing @entity1 levels were not.

title: Nonfasting @entity1 and XXXX and association with risk of @entity2 and total mortality: the Copenhagen City Heart Study with 31 years of follow-up.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We compared the ability of very high levels of nonfasting @entity1 and @entity3 to predict risk of @entity2 and total mortality. DESIGN: Prospective study from 1976 to 1978 until 2007. SETTING: Danish general population. @entity0 : Randomly selected population of 7581 @entity0 and 6391 @entity0 , of whom 768 and 1151 developed @entity2 and 4398 and 4416 died, respectively. Participation rate was 72%, and follow-up was 100% complete. Less than 2% of @entity0 were taking lipid-lowering therapy. RESULTS: Compared to @entity0 with @entity1 <5 mmol L(-1) , multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for @entity2 ranged from 1.3 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9-1.8] for a @entity1 level of 5.0-5.99 mmol L(-1) to 2.5 (95%CI: 1.6-4.0) for @entity1 >=  9 mmol L(-1) (trend: P < 0.0001). Compared with @entity0 with nonfasting @entity3 <1 mmol L(-1) , hazard ratios for @entity2 ranged from 1.5 (95%CI: 1.2-1.8) for @entity3 of 1.0-1.99 mmol L(-1) to 4.2 (95%CI: 2.5-7.2) for @entity3 >=  5 mmol L(-1) (p<0.0001). In @entity0 , corresponding hazard ratios ranged from 1.2 (95%CI: 1.0-1.5) to 5.3 (95%CI: 3.6-8.0) for @entity1 (P < 0.0001) and from 1.3 (95%CI: 1.0-1.6) to 2.1 (95%CI: 1.5-2.8) for @entity3 (P < 0.0001). Increasing @entity1 levels were not consistently associated with total mortality in @entity0 (trend: P = 0.39) or @entity0 (P = 0.02). By contrast, compared with @entity0 with @entity3 <1 mmol L(-1) , multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for total mortality ranged from 1.1 (95%CI: 1.0-1.2) for @entity3 of 1.0-1.99 mmol L(-1) to 2.0 (95%CI: 1.5-2.9) for @entity3 >= 5 mmol L(-1) (trend: P < 0.0001); corresponding hazard ratios in @entity0 ranged from 1.1 (95%CI: 1.0-1.2) to 1.5 (95%CI: 1.2-1.7) (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Stepwise increasing levels of nonfasting @entity1 and nonfasting @entity3 were similarly associated with stepwise increasing risk of @entity2 , with nonfasting @entity3 being the best predictor in @entity0 and nonfasting @entity1 the best predictor in @entity0 . Even more surprisingly, only increasing levels of nonfasting @entity3 were associated with total mortality, whereas increasing @entity1 levels were not.

title: Nonfasting XXXX and @entity3 and association with risk of @entity2 and total mortality: the Copenhagen City Heart Study with 31 years of follow-up.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We compared the ability of very high levels of nonfasting @entity1 and @entity3 to predict risk of @entity2 and total mortality. DESIGN: Prospective study from 1976 to 1978 until 2007. SETTING: Danish general population. @entity0 : Randomly selected population of 7581 @entity0 and 6391 @entity0 , of whom 768 and 1151 developed @entity2 and 4398 and 4416 died, respectively. Participation rate was 72%, and follow-up was 100% complete. Less than 2% of @entity0 were taking lipid-lowering therapy. RESULTS: Compared to @entity0 with @entity1 <5 mmol L(-1) , multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for @entity2 ranged from 1.3 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9-1.8] for a @entity1 level of 5.0-5.99 mmol L(-1) to 2.5 (95%CI: 1.6-4.0) for @entity1 >=  9 mmol L(-1) (trend: P < 0.0001). Compared with @entity0 with nonfasting @entity3 <1 mmol L(-1) , hazard ratios for @entity2 ranged from 1.5 (95%CI: 1.2-1.8) for @entity3 of 1.0-1.99 mmol L(-1) to 4.2 (95%CI: 2.5-7.2) for @entity3 >=  5 mmol L(-1) (p<0.0001). In @entity0 , corresponding hazard ratios ranged from 1.2 (95%CI: 1.0-1.5) to 5.3 (95%CI: 3.6-8.0) for @entity1 (P < 0.0001) and from 1.3 (95%CI: 1.0-1.6) to 2.1 (95%CI: 1.5-2.8) for @entity3 (P < 0.0001). Increasing @entity1 levels were not consistently associated with total mortality in @entity0 (trend: P = 0.39) or @entity0 (P = 0.02). By contrast, compared with @entity0 with @entity3 <1 mmol L(-1) , multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for total mortality ranged from 1.1 (95%CI: 1.0-1.2) for @entity3 of 1.0-1.99 mmol L(-1) to 2.0 (95%CI: 1.5-2.9) for @entity3 >= 5 mmol L(-1) (trend: P < 0.0001); corresponding hazard ratios in @entity0 ranged from 1.1 (95%CI: 1.0-1.2) to 1.5 (95%CI: 1.2-1.7) (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Stepwise increasing levels of nonfasting @entity1 and nonfasting @entity3 were similarly associated with stepwise increasing risk of @entity2 , with nonfasting @entity3 being the best predictor in @entity0 and nonfasting @entity1 the best predictor in @entity0 . Even more surprisingly, only increasing levels of nonfasting @entity3 were associated with total mortality, whereas increasing @entity1 levels were not.

title: Nonfasting @entity1 and @entity3 and association with risk of XXXX and total mortality: the Copenhagen City Heart Study with 31 years of follow-up.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We analyzed @entity0 who died on chronic dialysis because they stopped the treatment, although there was no technical dialysis complication or new medical complication. These @entity0 preferred @entity1 to the stress of dialysis. This occurred in 26/1766 (1.5%) @entity0 , and was responsible for 26/704 (4%) of all @entity1 . We compared these 26 @entity0 to 40 competent @entity0 who discontinued treatment when a medical complication arose. The @entity0 were similar in most respects (age, sex, diagnosis, duration of dialysis, living situation, and type of dialysis) and had the same number of medical complications when starting dialysis. However, the @entity0 who stopped dialysis were more often on home dialysis, 8/24 vs. 3/40 of the other @entity0 (p less than 0.05). Overall, stopping was three times more common in home than in center @entity0 (3.0% vs. 1.1%) (p less than 0.02). Relatives responding to a written interview felt that nurses and social workers but not physicians had been helpful in the difficult time surrounding the @entity0 's decision and @entity1 . This study indicates that particularly home dialysis @entity0 are at a high risk of discontinuing dialysis because of the stress of the dialysis procedure. A realistic introduction to and realization of their dialysis problems, better training and better psychological support, particularly from physicians, are necessary to eradicate this avoidable cause of @entity1 in chronic dialysis @entity0 .

title: XXXX . Withdrawal from chronic dialysis without medical reason.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have been considered reservoirs and vectors of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in the community. This study estimated the prevalence of @entity5 / @entity0 @entity2 virus (HIV) among @entity1 of various migration and residential status in Hong Kong and identified possible risk factors. METHODS: An outreach "Well- @entity0 " clinic was set up at Ziteng, a non-governmental organization working with @entity1 . Details of their lifestyle and health risk behavior were gathered before screening tests were performed, and the data were analyzed according to their place of origin. RESULTS: A total of 503 @entity1 were screened for @entity5 / @entity3 between 2005 and 2007. Syphilis, @entity6 , @entity4 , and @entity3 accounted for 1.8, 1.8, 4.6, and 0.2%, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, having >=  2 sexual partners (odds ratio [OR] 8.33, 95%CI: 2.17-33.46), residence status (OR 0.38, 95%CI: 0.17-0.89), and daily frequency of douching (OR 3.02, 95%CI: 1.23-7.35) were identified as significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides important insights on the screening and associated risk factors of @entity5 among @entity1 working in Hong Kong. The contextual factors identified reflect the social and geographical context in which these @entity0 are operating and how they protect their health using their own means. These findings encourage policymakers and health professionals to redirect their focus and resources to a more holistic approach to sexual health when planning and implementing effective @entity5 / @entity3 prevention programs.

title: XXXX among female sex workers in Hong Kong: the role of migration status.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Central nervous system (CNS) @entity3 was identified in 96 @entity0 treated for @entity5 at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1975 and 1981. During the same period, 68 other @entity0 with @entity5 but no @entity7 received prophylactic CNS chemotherapy. In the 156 total @entity0 , the @entity3 were diffuse in 96 percent, and 67 percent were stage IV at diagnosis. CNS involvement was present at initial diagnosis in 27 percent, at relapse in 26 percent, and during the course of progressive @entity2 in 47 percent. CNS involvement was asymptomatic in 10 percent. Cytologic study of the cerebrospinal fluid was the most sensitive and specific laboratory test, but often (22 percent) more than one lumbar puncture was required to identify malignant cells. @entity1 was treated in 85 @entity0 , 46 by intracerebroventricular cannulae; 81 percent improved. Although median survival after the diagnosis of @entity7 was four months, there were seven long-term disease-free survivors and the @entity7 contributed to death in only 14 percent. In 52 percent of treated @entity0 , there was no @entity1 at autopsy. CNS prophylaxis was with @entity4 or @entity6 , usually by lumbar puncture; an intraventricular cannula was used in seven @entity0 . Although this group of high-risk @entity0 with @entity5 had a high systemic response rate and the median projected survival was greater than five years, @entity1 developed in eight @entity0 (12 percent). In five, @entity1 occurred as an apparently isolated relapse site. The role of CNS chemoprophylaxis in high-risk @entity0 with @entity5 is still uncertain.

title: XXXX from @entity5 : treatment and prophylaxis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Central nervous system (CNS) @entity3 was identified in 96 @entity0 treated for @entity5 at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1975 and 1981. During the same period, 68 other @entity0 with @entity5 but no @entity7 received prophylactic CNS chemotherapy. In the 156 total @entity0 , the @entity3 were diffuse in 96 percent, and 67 percent were stage IV at diagnosis. CNS involvement was present at initial diagnosis in 27 percent, at relapse in 26 percent, and during the course of progressive @entity2 in 47 percent. CNS involvement was asymptomatic in 10 percent. Cytologic study of the cerebrospinal fluid was the most sensitive and specific laboratory test, but often (22 percent) more than one lumbar puncture was required to identify malignant cells. @entity1 was treated in 85 @entity0 , 46 by intracerebroventricular cannulae; 81 percent improved. Although median survival after the diagnosis of @entity7 was four months, there were seven long-term disease-free survivors and the @entity7 contributed to death in only 14 percent. In 52 percent of treated @entity0 , there was no @entity1 at autopsy. CNS prophylaxis was with @entity4 or @entity6 , usually by lumbar puncture; an intraventricular cannula was used in seven @entity0 . Although this group of high-risk @entity0 with @entity5 had a high systemic response rate and the median projected survival was greater than five years, @entity1 developed in eight @entity0 (12 percent). In five, @entity1 occurred as an apparently isolated relapse site. The role of CNS chemoprophylaxis in high-risk @entity0 with @entity5 is still uncertain.

title: @entity1 from XXXX : treatment and prophylaxis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: A 4-year-old, neutered female Cocker Spaniel was presented to the veterinary clinic for protrusion of the left third eyelid. When the third eyelids from both eyes were everted, lobulated masses were present on the bulbar surface. The left third eyelid had a larger protrusion. There was no apparent associated ocular or systemic involvement. The @entity0 of left third eyelid was removed and referred for histological examination. Histologically, there were proliferations of lymphoid follicles surrounded by lymphoid cells forming a marginal zone. Those lymphoid cells occasionally infiltrated into conjunctival epithelium. A few apoptotic bodies with karyopyknotic and karyorrhexic nuclei were observed in the germinal center of lymphoid follicles. Mitotic figures were rare. On immunohistochemistry, @entity0 cells expressed @entity4 but not CD3. A diagnosis of extranodal marginal zone @entity3 ( @entity2 ) of the third eyelid was established based on the histological and immunophenotypical features. At the 1-year follow-up, there was no evidence of recurrence of the mass at the area of excision of the left third eyelid and the remaining @entity0 of the right third eyelid was still a similar size. The @entity1 still showed no significant findings, except those of the @entity0 , and no evidence of systemic involvement. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported case of @entity2 of the third eyelid in a @entity1 .

title: Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the third eyelid conjunctiva in a XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Cases of severe pregnancy-induced @entity1 or @entity3 were studied in forty-five @entity0 by catheterization of the right side of the heart to define the presenting hemodynamic profile associated with this disorder. These @entity0 could not be easily categorized into one specific hemodynamic pattern. Most @entity0 had high-normal to elevated systemic vascular resistance indices (mean 2726 +/- 120 dynes.sec.cm-5.m2). The mean cardiac index was 4.14 +/- 0.13 L.min-1.m2. The severity of @entity1 was largely attributable to a disproportionate rise in the systolic component (mean 193 +/- 3 mm Hg) compared with diastolic blood pressure (mean 110 +/- 3 mm Hg). @entity0 with @entity3 had significantly lower arterial blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance indices when compared with those of the rest of the study group. Analysis of Starling curves indicated that all @entity0 had normal or @entity2 . A modest correlation was observed between central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (r = 0.59). This disparity most likely results from the maintenance of normal to high cardiac output in the presence of an increased left ventricular afterload. The majority of @entity0 with severe pregnancy-induced @entity1 do have normal to high cardiac indices and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures accompanied by normal or @entity2 . This is true despite the presence of severe @entity1 .

title: Hemodynamic profile of severe pregnancy-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effect of the @entity0 channel blocker @entity1 (5 microM) or @entity3 (5 microM) on force production and resting membrane potential (Em) was studied in the hamster diaphragm muscle. The @entity0 channel blockers decreased force at high frequencies of stimulation and decreased Em by 3 +/- 1 mV. The interaction of @entity2 and the @entity0 channel blockers was also studied. When given simultaneously, the @entity0 channel blockers prevented the increase in force at high frequencies with @entity2 at 1 mM and at all frequencies with @entity2 at 0.55 mM. There was no change in Em when @entity2 and @entity0 channel blockers were given together. Similar results were obtained by removing external @entity0 . The decrease in force produced by @entity1 was not reversed by subsequent addition of @entity2 . @entity2 did reverse the decrease in force produced by @entity3 . @entity1 reversed the increase in force at high frequencies produced by @entity2 . @entity3 reversed the force increase at low frequencies as well. These studies suggest that extracellular @entity0 is important in skeletal muscle contractility especially at high frequencies. Extracellular @entity0 is also important for the potentiation of force and the hyperpolarization of the Em produced by @entity2 . The mechanism by which extracellular @entity0 contributes to these actions of @entity2 is not known.

title: Interaction of XXXX , @entity1 , and @entity3 on hamster diaphragm muscle force in vitro.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effect of the @entity0 channel blocker @entity1 (5 microM) or @entity3 (5 microM) on force production and resting membrane potential (Em) was studied in the hamster diaphragm muscle. The @entity0 channel blockers decreased force at high frequencies of stimulation and decreased Em by 3 +/- 1 mV. The interaction of @entity2 and the @entity0 channel blockers was also studied. When given simultaneously, the @entity0 channel blockers prevented the increase in force at high frequencies with @entity2 at 1 mM and at all frequencies with @entity2 at 0.55 mM. There was no change in Em when @entity2 and @entity0 channel blockers were given together. Similar results were obtained by removing external @entity0 . The decrease in force produced by @entity1 was not reversed by subsequent addition of @entity2 . @entity2 did reverse the decrease in force produced by @entity3 . @entity1 reversed the increase in force at high frequencies produced by @entity2 . @entity3 reversed the force increase at low frequencies as well. These studies suggest that extracellular @entity0 is important in skeletal muscle contractility especially at high frequencies. Extracellular @entity0 is also important for the potentiation of force and the hyperpolarization of the Em produced by @entity2 . The mechanism by which extracellular @entity0 contributes to these actions of @entity2 is not known.

title: Interaction of @entity2 , XXXX , and @entity3 on hamster diaphragm muscle force in vitro.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effect of the @entity0 channel blocker @entity1 (5 microM) or @entity3 (5 microM) on force production and resting membrane potential (Em) was studied in the hamster diaphragm muscle. The @entity0 channel blockers decreased force at high frequencies of stimulation and decreased Em by 3 +/- 1 mV. The interaction of @entity2 and the @entity0 channel blockers was also studied. When given simultaneously, the @entity0 channel blockers prevented the increase in force at high frequencies with @entity2 at 1 mM and at all frequencies with @entity2 at 0.55 mM. There was no change in Em when @entity2 and @entity0 channel blockers were given together. Similar results were obtained by removing external @entity0 . The decrease in force produced by @entity1 was not reversed by subsequent addition of @entity2 . @entity2 did reverse the decrease in force produced by @entity3 . @entity1 reversed the increase in force at high frequencies produced by @entity2 . @entity3 reversed the force increase at low frequencies as well. These studies suggest that extracellular @entity0 is important in skeletal muscle contractility especially at high frequencies. Extracellular @entity0 is also important for the potentiation of force and the hyperpolarization of the Em produced by @entity2 . The mechanism by which extracellular @entity0 contributes to these actions of @entity2 is not known.

title: Interaction of @entity2 , @entity1 , and XXXX on hamster diaphragm muscle force in vitro.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Recent studies have shown that @entity0 -derived free radicals are responsible for a major portion of @entity1 -reperfusion injury in the stomach. The @entity0 radicals are produced during reperfusion when @entity0 delivery to the tissue increases. In the present study we investigate the effect on @entity4 of regulating the rate of reintroduction of @entity0 to the stomach after @entity1 . Local @entity1 was achieved by reducing celiac artery pressure to 30 mm Hg for 1 h. @entity1 was assessed by measuring the loss of 51Cr-labeled red blood cells across the gastric mucosa. Mucosal @entity2 was negligible before and during the @entity1 period but increased to 0.178 ml.min.-1.100 g-1 during reperfusion. When blood flow to the stomach was gradually returned to normal after @entity1 by increasing celiac artery pressure by 10 mmHg every 10 min, the mucosal @entity2 was reduced to 0.013 ml.min.-1.100 g-1. If the stomach was vascularly perfused with low @entity5 (34 mmHg) blood for 1 h after @entity1 before being returned to normal arterial perfusion, the mucosal @entity2 was also reduced to 0.063 ml.min.-1.100 g-1. When the stomach was made hypoxemic for 1 h rather than ischemic by perfusing the vasculature with low @entity5 (29 mmHg) blood then reperfused with normoxic blood, there was @entity3 (0.014 ml.min.-1.100 g-1). The data indicate that gastric @entity3 after @entity1 is reduced if the tissue is returned slowly to a normal @entity5 . These findings support the concept that reperfusion injury is due largely to the production of @entity0 radicals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Gradual reintroduction of XXXX reduces reperfusion injury in cat stomach.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the clinical picture of @entity7 in a large cohort of @entity0 (6500) in Iran, over a period of 35 years, and compare them with other large series from around the world. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity7 from all over Iran were seen in the Behcet's Disease Research Unit by a multidisciplinary team (rheumatologists, dermatologists, and ophthalmologists). Diagnosis was based on 'expert opinion'. Data were collected on a standardized data sheet (105 items), and stored in an electronic database. Data were updated at each follow-up. RESULTS: Male to female ratio was 1.22 :    .00. The mean age at onset was 26 years    11.3. The frequency of symptoms were: oral aphthosis 97.3%, genital aphthosis 64.6%, skin manifestations 64.9% ( @entity15 54.5%, @entity14 22.5%, other lesions 7%), pathergy phenomenon 52.5%, ophthalmologic manifes-tations 56.8% (anterior @entity5 41.2%, posterior @entity5 44.9%, @entity11 32.1%), joint manifestations 37.4% ( @entity12 17.2%, monoarticular @entity3 7.6%, @entity13 16.8%, @entity6 2%), neurological manifestations 3.8% (central manifestations 3.5%, @entity10 multiplex 0.3%), gastrointestinal manifestations 7.4%, vascular involvement 8.3% ( @entity8 5.7%, superficial @entity8 2.2%, large vein @entity4 1.1%, arterial @entity4 0.154%, @entity2 0.5%), @entity9 4.7%, cardiac involvement 0.6%, and @entity1 .9%. Sedimentation rate was normal in 46.5% of @entity0 . Abnormal urine sediment was detected in 12.2%. HLA-B5 was present in 53.3% and HLA-B51 in 47.9% of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity7 is mainly seen in young @entity0 . The most frequent symptoms are mucocutaneous, ocular and joint manifestations. Comparison with large series did not show major differences.

title: XXXX in Iran: analysis of 6500 cases.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Compared to in vivo development, in vitro culture of @entity0 embryos results in @entity4 . To study the potential of reversibility of @entity4 we investigated ultrastructurally day 3 @entity1 embryos after 1 day in vitro, and cultured embryos that were transferred after culture into recipient @entity1 for 1 day. Morphology was compared with ultrastructure of noncultured controls. The noncultured embryos were compacted morulae; the characteristic ultrastructure is described in detail. After 1 day in culture, morulae had developed into early blastocysts. However, unlike the results in vivo, expansion of the blastocysts did not occur and some of the cultured embryos developed trophoblast herniations. In all cultured embryos morphological signs of @entity3 were seen with swollen mitochondria, with a dense, granular appearance of the cytoplasm, and with an increase in number of lysosomes. Transfer of cultured blastocysts into uteri of day 3 pseudopregnant recipients resulted in ultrastructurally intact and expanded blastocysts. Transfer into uteri of day 4 pseudopregnant recipients and into uteri of nonpregnant recipients, however, did not yield reversibility of the unphysiological features suffered during the previous time in culture. Although blastocysts were well expanded, distinct signs of @entity2 were present, proceeding from loss of complete blastomeres to structural changes such as large lamellar structures, dilation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complexes, and clumping of mitochondria. We conclude that @entity4 during in vitro culture is accompanied by distinct morphological changes. As soon as 24 hr after transfer, these changes can be reversed. This compensation, however, is achieved only if embryos are transferred into recipients that are adapted to the embryo's developmental stage, which is not identical to the embryo's chronological age. Our findings demonstrate that the period of 24 hr of in vitro development matches only a few hours of in vivo development.

title: Development of preimplantation XXXX embryos after in-vitro culture and embryo transfer: an electron microscopic study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 was observed in 29 of 448 @entity0 with thalassaemia major attending seven Italian centres. Twelve @entity0 , at onset of clinical @entity1 , presented with an asymptomatic @entity7 , 13 with @entity5 , and four with @entity5 . All were diagnosed after 1979, at a mean age of 17 years. Mean age at diagnosis of @entity1 was lower in @entity0 born in the last two decades. In these @entity0 transfusions were started at a younger age and pre-transfusion haemoglobin concentration, serum ferritin concentration, incidence of @entity4 , and the presence of a family history of @entity1 were higher than in @entity0 born previously. Although 27 (93%) cases had @entity2 chelating treatment the mean serum ferritin concentration was 5600 micrograms/l; 25 (92%) of these @entity0 had signs of @entity4 . The determination of C peptide in 10 @entity0 showed a wide variation in pancreatic beta cell function, and insulin requirements ranged between 0.15 and 1.72 U/kg body weight. Metabolic control was generally poor. The onset of @entity1 was followed in most @entity0 by the appearance of other @entity3 , or both. Fourteen @entity0 died within three years of presenting with overt @entity1 . Haemosiderosis, @entity4 , and genetic factors seemed to be crucial in @entity1 development. Thalassaemic @entity0 developing clinical @entity1 are at high risk for other complications and should be strictly monitored, especially for @entity6 .

title: Insulin dependent XXXX in thalassaemia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Anaerobes can obtain the entire cell's ATP by glycolysis and remove resulting reducing power by fermentation. There is a delicate balance in redox status to obtain a maximal growth of these cells, and the conditions to change redox fluxes can induce kinds of changes in metabolism. The fundamental knowledge on sensing redox status and coupling redox signals with fermentation pathways is essential for the metabolic engineering to control redox fluxes at the molecular level. A redox sensing protein (RSP) was isolated by DNA affinity chromatography, and corresponding gene was mined from genomic sequences of Thermoanaerobacter spp. The RSP shares up to 41% identity with the regulatory proteins which sense @entity2 and control the expression of @entity2 dehydrogenase in aerobic microorganisms. The operator sites for RSP were located in all the operons for @entity1 fermentation rather than in that of @entity2 dehydrogenase. The typical operator was identified as a palindromic sequence, -ATTGTTANNNNNNTAACAAT-. @entity2 caused a transition of RSP from an a-helix rich to b-sheet rich conformation. In an in vitro transcription system of T. ethanolicus, RSP repressed the transcription of an @entity0 dehydrogenase, whereas the repression was reversed by adding @entity2 . Base substitutes in the repeats of the palindrome reduced the affinity between RSP and the operator, and thus delicate regulation could be achieved. This study reveals for the first time a repressor/operator system that couples a redox signal with a fermentation pathway, and the results presented here provide valuable insights for the design of metabolic engineering.

title: The mechanism for regulating XXXX fermentation by redox levels in Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The robotic surgical system is reported to overcome some technical difficulties in traditional laparoscopic hysterectomy. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and surgical outcomes of a robotic surgery program for @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 with @entity3 with the intention to receive treatment using robot-assisted laparoscopic staging surgery were recruited in a university hospital from July 2007 to August 2008. All of these surgeries were performed with the da Vinci system. RESULTS: Six @entity0 (mean age, 47.5   1.4 years; mean body mass index, 26.2   3.5 kg/m(2)) were enrolled and completed robot-assisted laparoscopic staging surgery. The robot docking time was 45.0   13.6 minutes and the robot-assisted operation time was 200.3   30.0 minutes. The mean estimated @entity1 was 180.0   147.6 mL. The mean number of lymph nodes retrieved was 23.2   7.4. No laparoconversion and no intraoperative or @entity2 occurred. All @entity0 were alive and free of disease up to the date of this report, at a median follow-up of 6.5 months (range, 5-17 months). CONCLUSION: Robot-assisted laparoscopic staging surgery is a feasible treatment and helps overcome the technical limitations in conventional laparoscopy for @entity3 .

title: Robot-assisted laparoscopic staging surgery for XXXX --a preliminary report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of @entity2 ) on the sexual lives of @entity0 and their partners. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty oncogenic or high-risk HPV infected cases were collected via purposive sampling. At a tertiary medical center in Taipei, 20 @entity0 underwent a 2-hour in-depth interview. The content of each interview was analyzed qualitatively regarding (1) effect of @entity3 on a couple's relationship; (2) effect of @entity3 on sexual life; (3) partner support and social support; (4) myths about love and marriage; and (5) sexual myths. RESULTS: The better a couple's relationship, the less these @entity0 struggled to confront the issue ( @entity3 ). Most @entity0 urged partners to have check-ups and advised friends about Pap smear tests. Couple relationships were generally not affected by @entity3 , unlike their sexual lifestyles. Most @entity0 fulfilled the traditional Chinese female role of maintaining the relationship. However, due to the physical and psychosocial discomfort of treatment and fear of @entity1 , some had no desire for sex, while others lessened their sex frequency. Most @entity0 received very little support from their partner, family, and friends. The relationship quality was affected by marital and sexual myths held by @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Cervical @entity3 has a negative effect on @entity0 's sexual relationships. Thus, more attention from health care providers is required.

title: The effect of XXXX on a couple's relationship: a qualitative study in Taiwan.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pregnancies with extremely preterm @entity2 of membranes (EPPROM), especially before 20 weeks of gestation, are usually considered to be a termination of pregnancy. By improvement of obstetric and neonatal care, we can prolong the pregnancy across the threshold of survival by aggressive tocolysis. CASE REPORT: Using intrauterine insemination, a 32-year-old @entity0 became pregnant with twins (first pregnancy). @entity6 occured since 9 weeks of gestation and EPPROM of the upper twin was noted at 18 weeks. Massive @entity5 and vigorous uterine contractions occurred at 22 weeks. Poor control of @entity4 occurred using @entity7 and @entity3 . Atosiban was applied to calm uterine activities. After discontinuation of atosiban at 30 weeks, the uterine contractions became severe again and an emergency cesarean section was performed to deliver two live, premature babies weighing 1,518 g and 830 g, respectively. Twin A was healthy, weighing 2,030 g at 35 days after birth and subsequently discharged. The smaller twin B was dependent on continuous positive airway pressure and died of @entity1 120 days after birth. CONCLUSION: Comparing to other tocolytic agents, Atosiban has few side effects and assisted in prolonging a pregnancy involving twins that experienced EPPROM.

title: Use of atosiban in a twin pregnancy with extremely preterm XXXX in the membrane of one twin: a case report and literature review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The benefits and burdens of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in end-of-life care are unclear. We carried out a literature review on the use of @entity5 and @entity6 in the last days of life of @entity1 @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We systematically searched for papers in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo and EMBASE. All English papers published between January 1998 and July 2009 that contained data on frequencies or effects of @entity5 or @entity6 in @entity1 @entity0 in the last days of life were included. RESULTS: Reported percentages of @entity0 receiving @entity5 or @entity6 in the last week of life varied from 3% to 53% and from 12% to 88%, respectively. Five studies reported on the effects of @entity6 : two found positive effects (less chronic @entity2 , less physical dehydration signs), two found negative effects (more @entity3 , more intestinal drainage) and four found also no effects on terminal @entity4 , thirst, chronic @entity2 and fluid overload. No study reported on the sole effect of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Providing @entity5 or @entity6 to @entity1 @entity0 who are in the last week of life is a frequent practice. The effects on comfort, symptoms and length of survival seem limited. Further research will contribute to better understanding of this important topic in end-of-life care.

title: Artificial nutrition and hydration in the last week of life in XXXX @entity0 . A systematic literature review of practices and effects.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The benefits and burdens of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in end-of-life care are unclear. We carried out a literature review on the use of @entity5 and @entity6 in the last days of life of @entity1 @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We systematically searched for papers in PubMed, CINAHL, PsycInfo and EMBASE. All English papers published between January 1998 and July 2009 that contained data on frequencies or effects of @entity5 or @entity6 in @entity1 @entity0 in the last days of life were included. RESULTS: Reported percentages of @entity0 receiving @entity5 or @entity6 in the last week of life varied from 3% to 53% and from 12% to 88%, respectively. Five studies reported on the effects of @entity6 : two found positive effects (less chronic @entity2 , less physical dehydration signs), two found negative effects (more @entity3 , more intestinal drainage) and four found also no effects on terminal @entity4 , thirst, chronic @entity2 and fluid overload. No study reported on the sole effect of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Providing @entity5 or @entity6 to @entity1 @entity0 who are in the last week of life is a frequent practice. The effects on comfort, symptoms and length of survival seem limited. Further research will contribute to better understanding of this important topic in end-of-life care.

title: Artificial nutrition and hydration in the last week of life in @entity1 XXXX . A systematic literature review of practices and effects.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Data from nine US population-based @entity1 registries participating in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program from 1973 through 1982 were analyzed to examine demographic characteristics related to the occurrence of the two major types of @entity1 . The overall annual incidence rate per 100,000 @entity0 was 2.6 for @entity4 and 0.4 for @entity3 . The sex ratio for @entity3 varied from one age group to the next and was highest in the 50- to 59-year-old group. It was relatively the same for @entity4 . The male-to-female ratio was higher for @entity3 (seven in whites and 10 in blacks) than for @entity4 (three and four, respectively). The highest sex-specific ratio for @entity3 occurred in the lower third of the esophagus. Blacks had a fourfold to fivefold higher rate of @entity4 than whites, but the rate of @entity3 in blacks was 30% of the rate in whites. The incidence of @entity4 in black @entity0 and @entity0 increased by approximately 30% between 1973 and 1982, and the rate of @entity3 among white @entity0 increased 74%. Nearly half of the @entity4 occurred in the middle of the esophagus, whereas the majority (79%) of the @entity3 arose in the lower third. These data suggest that the two major histologic types of @entity2 may be of different etiologic origin.

title: Incidence of XXXX in the US by histologic type.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is accentuated antagonism between sympathetic and vagal effects on ventricular refractory periods (VRPs) in @entity0 . The effects of 0.04 mg/kg of @entity3 on the right ventricular effective and functional refractory periods were determined in the setting of beta-adrenergic blockade by @entity1 (0.15 mg/kg loading dose, then 0.1 mg/min continuous infusion, group 1) and in the setting of beta-adrenergic stimulation by 25 or 50 ng/kg/min @entity2 (groups 2 and 3, respectively). Groups 4 to 6 served as control groups. In group 4, VRPs were determined on three occasions separated by 10 min each in the absence of drug. VRPs also were determined on two occasions after infusion of @entity1 (group 5) or 25 ng/kg/min of @entity2 (group 6). Groups 1 to 4 consisted of 10 subjects each, and groups 5 and 6 consisted of five subjects each. VRPs were determined with the use of basic drive cycle lengths of 600, 500, 400, and 350 msec. Because of @entity4 , sufficient data for comparison of groups 1 to 3 were available only at drive cycle lengths of 400 and 350 msec. @entity3 significantly shortened the VRPs in groups 1 to 3, but the magnitude of @entity3 's effects in group 3 (5.3% to 5.8% shortening at drive cycle length of 350 msec) was significantly greater than in group 1 (2.6% to 3.0% shortening, p less than .05) Data from the control groups demonstrated that there was no effect of time on measurement of VRPs either in the drug-free state or in the presence of @entity1 or @entity2 . The results of this study indicate that cholinergic tone lengthens VRPs in the absence of background sympathetic activity and that this lengthening of VRPs may become accentuated during beta-adrenergic stimulation.

title: Accentuated antagonism between beta-adrenergic and vagal effects on ventricular refractoriness in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Basal lamina at the interface between colonic epithelial cells and the lamina propria was exposed by incubating colonic specimens in 1% @entity4 solutions. Examination of this epithelial-stromal interface by @entity3 ( @entity3 ) showed a smooth, slightly undulating basal lamina covering crypts and luminal surfaces. The basal lamina on the luminal surfaces had numerous round or ovoid fenestrations, most measuring 2.5-4.0 microns. These were continuous with channels in the collagen fiber network of the lamina propria. Except very near the surface, no fenestrations were found in the basal lamina lining the crypts. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of serial thin sections of @entity1 without the epithelial cells removed showed only a few actual basal lamina fenestrations. Rarely, epithelial cell processes extended into the lamina propria through the basal lamina. Most of the fenestrations seen by @entity3 appeared to correspond spatially by @entity2 to foci of close contact between the basal lamina and underlying fibroblastic cell processes. At these sites the basal lamina and fibroblastic cell process might be removed along with the overlying epithelial cells during processing with @entity4 . These data support functional differences in epithelial-stromal interaction between cell populations lining the luminal surface and those making up the crypt lining and pericryptal fibroblast sheath. The @entity2 findings demonstrate that the @entity0 colonic basal lamina is not absolutely continuous and that the development of basal lamina fenestrations and epithelial cell processes extending into the lamina propria is not pathognomonic of neoplastic transformation and stromal invasion.

title: Basal lamina fenestrations in the XXXX colon: transmission and scanning electron microscope study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This is a preliminary report on Cotrel-Dubousset (CD) instrumentation for the surgical management of @entity2 . From September 1985 through April 1986, 37 @entity0 were treated at the authors' hospital, by posterior spinal fusion with CD instrumentation. Twelve @entity0 had surgical treatment of @entity1 or had revision surgery. The remaining 25 @entity0 , with no prior surgery, were diagnosed as having juvenile or adolescent @entity3 . After operation, this group of @entity0 was routinely noted to have significant improvement in @entity1 . This is associated with the rotational correction achieved with CD instrumentation and contrasts with the minimal @entity1 correction with Harrington instrumentation documented by some workers. In this series, no rib resections have been necessary in conjunction with CD instrumentation. No postoperative external immobilization was used. Ambulation began on the second postoperative day, and @entity0 were discharged five to seven days after operation. Gradual resumption of normal activities was allowed at six weeks, and full activities, other than contact sports, after three months.

title: Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation in XXXX . A preliminary report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The efficacy of low-dose, locally administered streptokinase (SK) combined with full therapeutic systemic doses of heparin was investigated. Seven @entity0 with angiographically proven massive @entity3 were treated. Streptokinase, 10,000-20,000 units/hour, was administered directly into the left or right pulmonary artery for 9 to 24 hours. Heparin was administered concurrently. The number of unperfused segments of the infused lung shown on the lung scan decreased from 5 +/- 2 to 2 +/- 1 after 12-24 hours (p less than .01). No change was shown in the contralateral lung. The angiographic index of severity score in the infused lung decreased from 16 +/- 1 to 9 +/- 4 (p less than .01). The partial pressure of @entity1 in arterial blood improved within four hours. In spite of the low doses of streptokinase, however, two major @entity2 episodes occurred that required blood transfusion. In conclusion, low dose intrapulmonary streptokinase, combined with intravenous heparin, may provide a therapeutic option in @entity0 with life-threatening massive @entity3 in whom full dose lytic therapy may be hazardous, although even low dose lytic therapy was associated with risk.

title: Treatment of massive XXXX . The use of low doses of intrapulmonary arterial streptokinase combined with full doses of systemic heparin.

answer: @entity3


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity3 /chronic @entity4 ( @entity5 /CPPS) is common, but trial evidence is conflicting and therapeutic options are controversial. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review and network meta-analysis comparing mean symptom scores and treatment response among a-blockers, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, other active drugs (phytotherapy, glycosaminoglycans, @entity2 , and neuromodulators), and placebo. DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE from 1949 and EMBASE from 1974 to November 16, 2010, using the PubMed and Ovid search engines. STUDY SELECTION: Randomized controlled trials comparing drug treatments in @entity5 /CPPS @entity0 . DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers independently extracted mean symptom scores, quality-of-life measures, and response to treatment between treatment groups. Standardized mean difference and random-effects methods were applied for pooling continuous and dichotomous outcomes, respectively. A longitudinal mixed regression model was used for network meta-analysis to indirectly compare treatment effects. DATA SYNTHESIS: Twenty-three of 262 studies identified were eligible. Compared with placebo, a-blockers were associated with significant improvement in symptoms with standardized mean differences in total symptom, @entity1 , voiding, and quality-of-life scores of -1.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], -2.8 to -0.6), -1.1 (95% CI, -1.8 to -0.3), -1.4 (95% CI, -2.3 to -0.5), and -1.0 (95% CI, -1.8 to -0.2), respectively. @entity0 receiving a-blockers or anti-inflammatory medications had a higher chance of favorable response compared with placebo, with pooled RRs of 1.6 (95% CI, 1.1-2.3) and 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2-2.6), respectively. Contour-enhanced funnel plots suggested the presence of publication bias for smaller studies of a-blocker therapies. The network meta-analysis suggested benefits of antibiotics in decreasing total symptom scores (-9.8; 95% CI, -15.1 to -4.6), @entity1 scores (-4.4; 95% CI, -7.0 to -1.9), voiding scores (-2.8; 95% CI, -4.1 to -1.6), and quality-of-life scores (-1.9; 95% CI, -3.6 to -0.2) compared with placebo. Combining a-blockers and antibiotics yielded the greatest benefits compared with placebo, with corresponding decreases of -13.8 (95% CI, -17.5 to -10.2) for total symptom scores, -5.7 (95% CI, -7.8 to -3.6) for @entity1 scores, -3.7 (95% CI, -5.2 to -2.1) for voiding, and -2.8 (95% CI, -4.7 to -0.9) for quality-of-life scores. CONCLUSIONS: a-Blockers, antibiotics, and combinations of these therapies appear to achieve the greatest improvement in clinical symptom scores compared with placebo. Anti-inflammatory therapies have a lesser but measurable benefit on selected outcomes. However, beneficial effects of a-blockers may be overestimated because of publication bias.

title: Management of chronic @entity3 /chronic XXXX : a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

answer: @entity4