abstract: @entity5 and @entity7 proteases are involved in @entity2 invasion and @entity1 . In the past few years we investigated the tissue levels of these proteases in @entity4 ( @entity4 ), gastric precancerous changes (CAG), @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and the plasma and serum levels of proteases in several @entity2 , using ELISA methods. Significantly higher antigen levels were found not only in @entity4 tissue but also in CAG with respect to the levels found normal tissue; with respect to CAG, @entity0 with @entity8 had higher levels than @entity0 without @entity8 . The same findings were obtained in @entity3 . In general protease levels correlated with the major histomorphological parameters, such as grading and histotype in @entity4 as well as in @entity3 . Tissue protease levels had a strong prognostic impact in @entity4 , in which @entity9 was singled out by multivariate analysis as the major prognostic factor, and @entity3 . The plasma levels of @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and the serum levels of @entity6 were significantly increased in @entity0 with @entity2 . In conclusions, @entity5 and @entity7 proteases may have a part not only in @entity4 and @entity3 invasion and @entity1 , but also in the progression of gastric precancerous changes into @entity2 . They are strong prognostic factors in @entity4 and @entity3 . These proteases may also have a role as @entity2 markers in the early diagnosis of @entity2 .

title: Proteases in gastrointestinal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The study was conducted to analyze the histology of the ovaries of adults @entity0 treated with @entity2 , and submitted or not to physical effort. The control group consisted of females submitted to physical effort and sedentary females, both of which received a physiological solution of 0.9% saline. Treated females, sedentary or not, received 6 mg/kg of body weight of @entity3 . The @entity1 and physiological solution were administered intraperitoneally, with a single injection per week for 4 consecutive weeks. The applied physical effort was swimming (20 minutes daily, 5 days/week, for the 4 weeks of treatment). Serial sections (5 mum) of ovaries were prepared for histological evaluation and follicular score. The weight of ovaries and hypophysis, the number of antral and atretic follicles, and the area of corpus luteum were all affected by the @entity2 . In the ovaries of the control groups, well-developed corpus luteum was observed. In the treated groups, the cortical stroma was occupied by ovarian interstitial tissue. The females treated with @entity2 presented estral acyclicity. The use of @entity3 , whether associated with physical effort or not, affected the morphological pattern of the ovaries.

title: Ovarian histology and follicular score in female @entity0 treated with XXXX and submitted to physical effort.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The study was conducted to analyze the histology of the ovaries of adults @entity0 treated with @entity2 , and submitted or not to physical effort. The control group consisted of females submitted to physical effort and sedentary females, both of which received a physiological solution of 0.9% saline. Treated females, sedentary or not, received 6 mg/kg of body weight of @entity3 . The @entity1 and physiological solution were administered intraperitoneally, with a single injection per week for 4 consecutive weeks. The applied physical effort was swimming (20 minutes daily, 5 days/week, for the 4 weeks of treatment). Serial sections (5 mum) of ovaries were prepared for histological evaluation and follicular score. The weight of ovaries and hypophysis, the number of antral and atretic follicles, and the area of corpus luteum were all affected by the @entity2 . In the ovaries of the control groups, well-developed corpus luteum was observed. In the treated groups, the cortical stroma was occupied by ovarian interstitial tissue. The females treated with @entity2 presented estral acyclicity. The use of @entity3 , whether associated with physical effort or not, affected the morphological pattern of the ovaries.

title: Ovarian histology and follicular score in female XXXX treated with @entity3 and submitted to physical effort.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Limited data exist on the associations between muscle performance and work ability measures in working age adults. AIMS: To evaluate how the results of simple muscle performance tests correlate with self-reported work ability and physical functioning in middle-aged @entity0 . METHODS: Muscle performance was measured with handgrip, sit-up, arch-up, squatting and lifting tests. The Physical Functioning scale and the Role Limitations due to Physical Health Problems scale of the RAND-36 health questionnaire were used to assess functioning and the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) questionnaire to assess perceived work ability in a subgroup of 51 subjects. RESULTS: A total of 104 @entity0 aged 45-55 years employed in physically active work participated. Muscle performance was weakly associated with @entity1 and functioning measures, accounting for 10% of the variance at most. Dynamic lifting test results for both arms correlated with @entity1 scores (right: r = 0.31, left: r = 0.34). Scores of the dynamic lifting test for both arms correlated with the Physical Functioning scores (right: r = 0.23, left: r = 0.28) and with the Role Limitations due to Physical Health Problems scores (right: r = 0.25, left: r = 0.28). Results of the squatting test were associated with the Physical Functioning scores (r = 0.24). CONCLUSIONS: The study failed to provide support for the use of muscle performance tests in work-related fitness evaluations in middle-aged @entity0 employed in physical jobs.

title: Muscle performance, work ability and physical functioning in middle-aged XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: * @entity4 and @entity2 are the prevalent @entity3 sources for growth and development of higher plants. Here, we report on the characterization of the @entity4 transporter (AMT) family in the perennial species @entity5 . * In silico analysis and expression analysis of AMT genes from poplar was performed. In addition, @entity6 ;2 and @entity6 ;6 function was studied in detail by heterologous expression in @entity0 . * The @entity5 genome contains 14 putative AMTs, which is more than twice the number of AMTs in @entity1 . In roots, the high-affinity @entity6 ;2 strongly increased upon mycorrhiza formation and might be partly responsible for the high-affinity @entity4 uptake component measured in poplar. Transcript level for the high-affinity @entity6 ;6 was strongly affected by the diurnal cycle. AMT3;1 was exclusively expressed in senescing poplar leaves. Remarkably AMT2;1 was highly expressed in leaves while AMT2;2 was mostly expressed in petioles. Specific expression of @entity6 ;5 in stamen and of @entity6 ;6 in female flower indicate that they have key functions in reproductive organ development in poplar. * The present study provides basic genomic and transcriptomic information for the poplar AMT family and will pave the way for deciphering the precise role of AMTs in poplar physiology.

title: The expanded family of XXXX transporters in the perennial poplar plant.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 have been treated with sclerotherapy without concomitant assessment or treatment of saphenous veins. OBJECTIVE: To clarify if ultrasound (US) mapping of saphenous veins is justifiable, this investigation determined prevalence of specific patterns of saphenous vein reflux in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: US mapping of the great and small saphenous veins (GSV, @entity3 ) was performed in 1,740 extremities of 910 consecutive @entity0 , mostly @entity0 (86%). A subgroup of 269 limbs of @entity0 with @entity2 (CEAP C1 class) was included in this study. Patterns of GSV and @entity3 reflux were classified as perijunctional, proximal, distal, segmental, multisegmental, and diffuse. RESULTS: Reflux was detected in 125 extremities (46%): 5% had reflux in both the GSV and the @entity3 , 39% had GSV reflux, and 2% had @entity3 reflux. The most common pattern of GSV reflux was segmental (73%, 87/119). Prevalence of reflux was significantly greater in GSV versus @entity3 (p < .001). GSV segmental plus distal reflux (40%, 108/269) was significantly more prevalent than saphenofemoral junction or near junction reflux (4%, 11/269; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: US mapping of the GSV in @entity0 with @entity2 is justifiable, even in asymptomatic extremities. Further research will determine if segmental reflux should be treated to avoid evolution to severe @entity1 .

title: Patterns of saphenous venous reflux in @entity0 presenting with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 have been treated with sclerotherapy without concomitant assessment or treatment of saphenous veins. OBJECTIVE: To clarify if ultrasound (US) mapping of saphenous veins is justifiable, this investigation determined prevalence of specific patterns of saphenous vein reflux in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: US mapping of the great and small saphenous veins (GSV, @entity3 ) was performed in 1,740 extremities of 910 consecutive @entity0 , mostly @entity0 (86%). A subgroup of 269 limbs of @entity0 with @entity2 (CEAP C1 class) was included in this study. Patterns of GSV and @entity3 reflux were classified as perijunctional, proximal, distal, segmental, multisegmental, and diffuse. RESULTS: Reflux was detected in 125 extremities (46%): 5% had reflux in both the GSV and the @entity3 , 39% had GSV reflux, and 2% had @entity3 reflux. The most common pattern of GSV reflux was segmental (73%, 87/119). Prevalence of reflux was significantly greater in GSV versus @entity3 (p < .001). GSV segmental plus distal reflux (40%, 108/269) was significantly more prevalent than saphenofemoral junction or near junction reflux (4%, 11/269; p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: US mapping of the GSV in @entity0 with @entity2 is justifiable, even in asymptomatic extremities. Further research will determine if segmental reflux should be treated to avoid evolution to severe @entity1 .

title: Patterns of saphenous venous reflux in XXXX presenting with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Precordial Thump (PT) is commonly used for cardiopulmonary resuscitations both in and out of hospitals. However, the support for its efficiency relies mainly on sporadic cases. In this current prospective large study, we tested the effectiveness and safety of PT in a wide range of malignant @entity3 . METHODS: The study included 80 @entity0 who underwent electrophysiological study and/or implantation of a cardiodefibrillator device. During these procedures, once a malignant @entity3 was induced, PT was used as the first treatment option. If the PT failed, other means were used to discontinue the @entity2 . RESULTS: Polymorphic @entity3 occurred in 32 (40%) @entity0 , @entity4 in 28 (35%) @entity0 , and 20 (25%) @entity0 had sustained monomorphic @entity3 . Except in one @entity0 with monomorphic @entity3 , the PT was unsuccessful in terminating any of the other @entity1 was eventually required in all other 79 (99%) @entity0 . The PT was not associated with any damage either to the sternal bone, ribs, or to the cardiodefibrillator device. CONCLUSIONS: PT is not effective in terminating malignant @entity3 and should be reserved to a situation in which a defibrillator is not available.

title: Ineffectiveness of precordial thump for cardioversion of malignant XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Central vein leads are known to predispose to @entity1 . Although usually asymptomatic, obstruction may render electrode removal difficult. This study aimed at quantifying changes in venous calibers in a prospective fashion by intravenous contrast venography (ICV) before and after pacemaker (PM) or cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. METHODS: One hundred and fifty (mean age 67; 61% male) consecutive @entity0 were enrolled, and followed for 6 months. A successful ICV was done at baseline prior to implantation and at 6-month follow-up in 136 (91%) @entity0 . Minimum (D(min)) and maximum (D(max)) vessel diameters were obtained from both ICVs. A new @entity3 was defined as a 50% diameter reduction in a venous segment when compared to baseline. We implanted a total of 230 electrodes: 47 (34.6%) single lead, 84 (61.8%) 2-lead, and 5 (3.7%) 3-lead systems. RESULTS: At baseline ICV, 10 @entity0 (7%) were found to have @entity5 , including 8 @entity0 with obstructive lesions, 1 @entity0 with a persistent @entity7 , and 1 @entity0 with double axillary vein. At 6 months, a new obstructive @entity2 had developed in a total of 19 (14%) @entity0 , none of whom exhibited any local symptoms. Of these @entity0 14 (10%) had a @entity3 (mean D(min) 4.6 mm and diameter 38% of baseline), and 5 (3.6%) had a complete @entity1 . In most cases the new @entity3 developed in a location where the vessel was narrowest at baseline. Clinical predictors for the development of @entity3 were @entity4 at baseline and biventricular PM implantation. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first systematic study to quantify venous changes after PM or @entity6 implantation. Our study shows that @entity5 rendering PM implantation difficult are not infrequent. The incidence of new @entity1 was 14%. @entity4 and biventricular PM implantation were independent predictors of @entity1 .

title: XXXX after pacemaker implantation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A number of studies have suggested that intake of @entity4 during pregnancy and during the first months of life is associated with an increased risk of childhood @entity2 . We aimed to determine the association between @entity4 usage during pregnancy and the first 6 months of life, and childhood @entity3 (i.e. positive skin prick tests), @entity1 , and @entity2 , using a matched @entity0 -sibling study comparing @entity0 with @entity1 with their healthy siblings without any symptoms of @entity1 . @entity3 in @entity0 and their siblings was determined by skin prick tests. @entity0 having at least one positive skin prick test were considered to be @entity1 . Intake of @entity4 was assessed by standardized, interviewer-administered, questionnaire. Nineteen pairs of @entity1 @entity0 vs. non- @entity1 siblings were compared to determine the risk factors for @entity1 , while 15 pairs of @entity1 @entity0 vs. @entity1 siblings were compared to determine the risk factors for @entity2 . Moreover, 33 pairs of @entity1 @entity0 vs. non-asthmatic siblings (with and without @entity3 ) were compared to determine the risk factors for @entity2 . In addition, 17 @entity1 siblings (without @entity2 ) were compared with 19 non- @entity1 siblings (without @entity2 ) to determine the risk factors for @entity3 . Usage of @entity4 during pregnancy was associated with @entity1 (p = 0.03). Furthermore, usage of @entity4 between birth and 6 months of age, and between 4 and 6 months of age, was also found to be associated with @entity1 (p = 0.008 and p = 0.03 respectively). Usage of @entity4 during pregnancy and during the early months of life may play a role in the development of @entity1 and @entity1 in @entity0 . However, due to obvious ethical reasons, direct evidence for this association (i.e. a double-blind, prospective study) is not available.

title: A matched @entity0 -sibling study on the usage of XXXX and the subsequent development of @entity3 and @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A number of studies have suggested that intake of @entity4 during pregnancy and during the first months of life is associated with an increased risk of childhood @entity2 . We aimed to determine the association between @entity4 usage during pregnancy and the first 6 months of life, and childhood @entity3 (i.e. positive skin prick tests), @entity1 , and @entity2 , using a matched @entity0 -sibling study comparing @entity0 with @entity1 with their healthy siblings without any symptoms of @entity1 . @entity3 in @entity0 and their siblings was determined by skin prick tests. @entity0 having at least one positive skin prick test were considered to be @entity1 . Intake of @entity4 was assessed by standardized, interviewer-administered, questionnaire. Nineteen pairs of @entity1 @entity0 vs. non- @entity1 siblings were compared to determine the risk factors for @entity1 , while 15 pairs of @entity1 @entity0 vs. @entity1 siblings were compared to determine the risk factors for @entity2 . Moreover, 33 pairs of @entity1 @entity0 vs. non-asthmatic siblings (with and without @entity3 ) were compared to determine the risk factors for @entity2 . In addition, 17 @entity1 siblings (without @entity2 ) were compared with 19 non- @entity1 siblings (without @entity2 ) to determine the risk factors for @entity3 . Usage of @entity4 during pregnancy was associated with @entity1 (p = 0.03). Furthermore, usage of @entity4 between birth and 6 months of age, and between 4 and 6 months of age, was also found to be associated with @entity1 (p = 0.008 and p = 0.03 respectively). Usage of @entity4 during pregnancy and during the early months of life may play a role in the development of @entity1 and @entity1 in @entity0 . However, due to obvious ethical reasons, direct evidence for this association (i.e. a double-blind, prospective study) is not available.

title: A matched @entity0 -sibling study on the usage of @entity4 and the subsequent development of @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A number of studies have suggested that intake of @entity4 during pregnancy and during the first months of life is associated with an increased risk of childhood @entity2 . We aimed to determine the association between @entity4 usage during pregnancy and the first 6 months of life, and childhood @entity3 (i.e. positive skin prick tests), @entity1 , and @entity2 , using a matched @entity0 -sibling study comparing @entity0 with @entity1 with their healthy siblings without any symptoms of @entity1 . @entity3 in @entity0 and their siblings was determined by skin prick tests. @entity0 having at least one positive skin prick test were considered to be @entity1 . Intake of @entity4 was assessed by standardized, interviewer-administered, questionnaire. Nineteen pairs of @entity1 @entity0 vs. non- @entity1 siblings were compared to determine the risk factors for @entity1 , while 15 pairs of @entity1 @entity0 vs. @entity1 siblings were compared to determine the risk factors for @entity2 . Moreover, 33 pairs of @entity1 @entity0 vs. non-asthmatic siblings (with and without @entity3 ) were compared to determine the risk factors for @entity2 . In addition, 17 @entity1 siblings (without @entity2 ) were compared with 19 non- @entity1 siblings (without @entity2 ) to determine the risk factors for @entity3 . Usage of @entity4 during pregnancy was associated with @entity1 (p = 0.03). Furthermore, usage of @entity4 between birth and 6 months of age, and between 4 and 6 months of age, was also found to be associated with @entity1 (p = 0.008 and p = 0.03 respectively). Usage of @entity4 during pregnancy and during the early months of life may play a role in the development of @entity1 and @entity1 in @entity0 . However, due to obvious ethical reasons, direct evidence for this association (i.e. a double-blind, prospective study) is not available.

title: A matched @entity0 -sibling study on the usage of @entity4 and the subsequent development of XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A number of studies have suggested that intake of @entity4 during pregnancy and during the first months of life is associated with an increased risk of childhood @entity2 . We aimed to determine the association between @entity4 usage during pregnancy and the first 6 months of life, and childhood @entity3 (i.e. positive skin prick tests), @entity1 , and @entity2 , using a matched @entity0 -sibling study comparing @entity0 with @entity1 with their healthy siblings without any symptoms of @entity1 . @entity3 in @entity0 and their siblings was determined by skin prick tests. @entity0 having at least one positive skin prick test were considered to be @entity1 . Intake of @entity4 was assessed by standardized, interviewer-administered, questionnaire. Nineteen pairs of @entity1 @entity0 vs. non- @entity1 siblings were compared to determine the risk factors for @entity1 , while 15 pairs of @entity1 @entity0 vs. @entity1 siblings were compared to determine the risk factors for @entity2 . Moreover, 33 pairs of @entity1 @entity0 vs. non-asthmatic siblings (with and without @entity3 ) were compared to determine the risk factors for @entity2 . In addition, 17 @entity1 siblings (without @entity2 ) were compared with 19 non- @entity1 siblings (without @entity2 ) to determine the risk factors for @entity3 . Usage of @entity4 during pregnancy was associated with @entity1 (p = 0.03). Furthermore, usage of @entity4 between birth and 6 months of age, and between 4 and 6 months of age, was also found to be associated with @entity1 (p = 0.008 and p = 0.03 respectively). Usage of @entity4 during pregnancy and during the early months of life may play a role in the development of @entity1 and @entity1 in @entity0 . However, due to obvious ethical reasons, direct evidence for this association (i.e. a double-blind, prospective study) is not available.

title: A matched XXXX -sibling study on the usage of @entity4 and the subsequent development of @entity3 and @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy/safety of doubling the dose of low-, medium- and high-potency statins on lipids/lipoproteins versus @entity5 / @entity4 (EZE/SIMVA) 10/40 mg in @entity0 with a recent coronary event. METHODS: In this open-label study, @entity0 were stratified by baseline statin therapy (low, medium and high potency) and randomized equally to statin dose doubling or EZE/SIMVA 10/40 mg for 12 weeks. Primary analysis concerned change in low-density lipoprotein @entity1 for the whole population. Treatment-by-stratum interaction evaluated the consistency of treatment effect across statin potency strata. Post hoc analysis of between-group efficacy within strata was performed using ANCOVA. RESULTS: Within each stratum, EZE/SIMVA produced significantly greater reductions in low-density lipoprotein @entity1 , total @entity1 , @entity2 and non-high-density lipoprotein @entity1 (HDL-C) compared to statin doubling. Numerical trends toward smaller between-group reductions were observed with higher-potency statins and reached statistical significance for @entity2 and non-HDL-C. No significant between-group differences in HDL-C and C-reactive protein were observed within each stratum. EZE/SIMVA produced larger reductions in @entity3 versus low-potency statin, whereas it was similarly effective compared with intermediate-/high-potency statins. The safety/tolerability profiles of the treatments were similar across the strata. CONCLUSIONS: EZE/SIMVA 10/40 mg produced greater improvements in lipids with a similar safety profile compared to doubling the dose of low-, medium- and high-potency statins.

title: Efficacy of XXXX / @entity4 10/40 mg compared to doubling the dose of low-, medium- and high-potency statin monotherapy in @entity0 with a recent coronary event.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy/safety of doubling the dose of low-, medium- and high-potency statins on lipids/lipoproteins versus @entity5 / @entity4 (EZE/SIMVA) 10/40 mg in @entity0 with a recent coronary event. METHODS: In this open-label study, @entity0 were stratified by baseline statin therapy (low, medium and high potency) and randomized equally to statin dose doubling or EZE/SIMVA 10/40 mg for 12 weeks. Primary analysis concerned change in low-density lipoprotein @entity1 for the whole population. Treatment-by-stratum interaction evaluated the consistency of treatment effect across statin potency strata. Post hoc analysis of between-group efficacy within strata was performed using ANCOVA. RESULTS: Within each stratum, EZE/SIMVA produced significantly greater reductions in low-density lipoprotein @entity1 , total @entity1 , @entity2 and non-high-density lipoprotein @entity1 (HDL-C) compared to statin doubling. Numerical trends toward smaller between-group reductions were observed with higher-potency statins and reached statistical significance for @entity2 and non-HDL-C. No significant between-group differences in HDL-C and C-reactive protein were observed within each stratum. EZE/SIMVA produced larger reductions in @entity3 versus low-potency statin, whereas it was similarly effective compared with intermediate-/high-potency statins. The safety/tolerability profiles of the treatments were similar across the strata. CONCLUSIONS: EZE/SIMVA 10/40 mg produced greater improvements in lipids with a similar safety profile compared to doubling the dose of low-, medium- and high-potency statins.

title: Efficacy of @entity5 / XXXX 10/40 mg compared to doubling the dose of low-, medium- and high-potency statin monotherapy in @entity0 with a recent coronary event.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy/safety of doubling the dose of low-, medium- and high-potency statins on lipids/lipoproteins versus @entity5 / @entity4 (EZE/SIMVA) 10/40 mg in @entity0 with a recent coronary event. METHODS: In this open-label study, @entity0 were stratified by baseline statin therapy (low, medium and high potency) and randomized equally to statin dose doubling or EZE/SIMVA 10/40 mg for 12 weeks. Primary analysis concerned change in low-density lipoprotein @entity1 for the whole population. Treatment-by-stratum interaction evaluated the consistency of treatment effect across statin potency strata. Post hoc analysis of between-group efficacy within strata was performed using ANCOVA. RESULTS: Within each stratum, EZE/SIMVA produced significantly greater reductions in low-density lipoprotein @entity1 , total @entity1 , @entity2 and non-high-density lipoprotein @entity1 (HDL-C) compared to statin doubling. Numerical trends toward smaller between-group reductions were observed with higher-potency statins and reached statistical significance for @entity2 and non-HDL-C. No significant between-group differences in HDL-C and C-reactive protein were observed within each stratum. EZE/SIMVA produced larger reductions in @entity3 versus low-potency statin, whereas it was similarly effective compared with intermediate-/high-potency statins. The safety/tolerability profiles of the treatments were similar across the strata. CONCLUSIONS: EZE/SIMVA 10/40 mg produced greater improvements in lipids with a similar safety profile compared to doubling the dose of low-, medium- and high-potency statins.

title: Efficacy of @entity5 / @entity4 10/40 mg compared to doubling the dose of low-, medium- and high-potency statin monotherapy in XXXX with a recent coronary event.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Major complications of @entity1 include lower leg and foot ulcers, which can result in amputation. Further study is needed to determine optimal treatments for these challenging wounds. Growth factor therapy and hyperbaric @entity2 (HBO) treatments are 2 advanced therapeutic modalities that hold promise. PURPOSE: This descriptive, retrospective review investigated healing rates of @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity3 managed by growth factor therapy and HBO as compared to standard wound care. DESIGN: Retrospective review of medical records. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: We reviewed medical records of 89 @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity4 treated at a major outpatient wound care program in the southwestern United States. METHODS: @entity0 were categorized according to 4 treatment modalities: (1) standard wound care, (2) growth factor therapy, (3) standard wound care plus HBO, and (4) growth factor therapy plus HBO. Wounds were measured at the start of the analysis and then weekly for a total of 8 weeks. The change in wound volume from the first to the eighth week was recorded. RESULTS: All @entity0 groups demonstrated healing with the @entity0 who received growth factor therapy alone and those who received growth factor therapy and the HBO treatments demonstrating the greatest decrease in wound volume over the 8 weeks. A 2-by-2 factorial analysis of covariance demonstrated that @entity0 who received HBO as part of their wound care regimen demonstrated significantly greater healing than @entity0 who received only standard wound care or growth factor therapy (P < .0001). Although the combination of hyperbaric and growth factor therapy did not show significant synergistic effects for wound healing in this study, it should be noted that the mean size of the wounds in this group was 2.8 times larger than the mean size of the wounds in the other groups. CONCLUSION: @entity0 managed in a state-of-the-art wound care center experienced progress toward wound healing, regardless of the treatment modality selected. Those who received HBO as part of their wound care regimen healed faster than those who received standard treatment or growth factor therapy.

title: The case for evidence in wound care: investigating advanced treatment modalities in healing chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the influence of parent-adolescent relationships and peer @entity1 and @entity1 among Asian American adolescents; in particular, cross-cultural and longitudinal examinations are missing from the extant research. OBJECTIVES: To test and compare a theoretical model examining the influence of family and peer factors on adolescent distress and risky behavior over time, using a nationally representative sample of Chinese, Filipino, and White adolescents. METHODS: Data were utilized from Waves I (1994) and II (1995) of the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health; the sample is composed of 194 Chinese, 345 Filipino, and 395 White adolescents and weighted to correct for design effects, yielding a nationally representative sample. Structural equation modeling was used to test the theoretical model for each ethnic group separately followed by multiple-group analyses. RESULTS: The measurement model was examined for each ethnic group, using both unweighted and weighted samples, and was deemed equivalent across groups. Tests of the theoretical model by ethnicity revealed that for each group, family bonds have significant negative effects on emotional distress and @entity1 . For Filipino and @entity0 , peer @entity1 influenced @entity1 . Multiple-group analyses of the theoretical model indicated that the three ethnic groups did not differ significantly from one another. DISCUSSION: Findings suggest that family bonds and peer behavior exert significant influences on psychological and behavioral outcomes in Asian American youth and that these influences appear to be similar with White adolescents. Future research should be directed toward incorporating variables known to contribute to the impact of distress and @entity1 in model testing and validating findings from this study.

title: Family and peer influences on adjustment among Chinese, Filipino, and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Changes in iris color have been noted anecdotally after @entity1 surgery in @entity0 , but they have not been studied systematically. The mechanism for these iris color changes has not previously been reported in the biomedical literature. METHODS: Photographs were taken of both eyes of 15 @entity0 and 11 @entity2 who had undergone unilateral @entity1 surgery. Masked examiners reviewed the photographs and compared the iris color of the eyes that were operated on with the eyes that were not operated on. Between 4 and 6 weeks postoperatively, the level of @entity3 in the @entity4 (n = 4) and vitreous humor (n = 2) was measured in both the operated and nonoperated eyes of 4 monkeys that had undergone a neonatal lensectomy during the first 5 days of life. RESULTS: Thirteen of 15 @entity0 had a darker iris color in the operated eye in relation to the nonoperated (control) eye. Four of 11 monkeys had a uniformly darker iris in the operated eye; the other 7 monkeys had regional darkening or patches of darker iris in the eye that was operated on. The @entity3 levels in neonatal monkeys were higher in the @entity4 and in the vitreous humor of the operated eye in relation to the nonoperated eye. CONCLUSION: In some @entity0 , @entity1 surgery is associated with a darkening of the iris color in the operated eye. We speculate that this darkening results from an exuberant prostaglandin release stimulated by the @entity1 surgery and may occur through the same or a similar mechanism by which latanoprost causes the darkening of iris color.

title: Heterochromia after pediatric XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is responsible for up to 45% of in-hospital trauma mortality. Computed tomography (CT) is central to acute @entity1 diagnostics, and millions of brain CT scans are conducted yearly worldwide. Though many studies have addressed individual predictors of outcome from findings on CT scans, few have done so from a multivariate perspective. As these parameters are interrelated in a complex manner, there is a need for a better understanding of them in this context. CT scans from 861 @entity1 @entity0 were reviewed according to an extensive protocol. An extended analysis of CT parameters with respect to outcome was performed using linear and non-linear methods. We identified complex interactions and mutual information in many of the parameters. Variables predicting @entity2 differ from those predicting unfavorable versus favorable outcomes (Glasgow Outcome Scale scores of 1-3 versus 4-5 [GOS]). The most important parameter for prediction of unfavorable outcome is the magnitude of midline shift. In fact, this parameter, as a continuous variable, is by itself a better predictor and is better calibrated than the Marshall CT score, even for predicting @entity2 . In addition, @entity4 volumes are nearly co-linear with midline shift and can be substituted for it. A score of traumatic subarachnoid/intraventricular blood components adds substantially to model calibration. A CT scoring system geared toward dichotomous GOS scores is suggested. CT parameters were found to add 6-10% additional estimated explained variance in the presence of the important clinical variables of age, Glasgow @entity3 Scale score, and pupillary response. Finally we present a practical clinical "rule of thumb" to help predict the probability of unfavorable outcome using clinical and CT variables.

title: Extended analysis of early computed tomography scans of traumatic brain injured XXXX and relations to outcome.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study was conducted in the context of a multicountry validation of indicators of diet quality and had the following objectives: 1) to determine how well dietary diversity scores (DDS) predict diet quality of @entity0 aged 6-23 mo in urban Madagascar; and 2) to assess whether the prediction was improved by changing the food groups included and by imposing a minimum amount restriction. Correlation and regression were used to describe the relationship between 4 diversity scores (2 based on 8 and 7 food groups, the latter excluding fats and oils, and 2 that imposed a 10-g minimum restriction on food groups) and the mean micronutrient density adequacy ( @entity1 ) of the diet. @entity1 , the dietary quality score used, was calculated as the mean individual micronutrient density adequacy for 9 or 10 "problem" nutrients (depending on age and breast-feeding status), each capped at 100%. We used sensitivity and specificity analysis to determine how well DDS predicted @entity1 below or above selected cut-offs. All scores were positively correlated with @entity1 . When the fats and oils group was omitted, correlations were 10-16% higher for breast-fed @entity0 and 19-28% higher for non-breast-fed @entity0 . Correlations were only slightly improved with the 10-g minimum. With the 7-food group score, a score of <or=2 best predicted low dietary quality ( @entity1 <50%), with 64% sensitivity, 82% specificity, and 22% misclassification. Imposing a 10-g minimum increased misclassification (30%). These results support the growing evidence of the usefulness of dietary diversity to predict dietary quality, and among @entity0 and young @entity0 more specifically.

title: Dietary diversity is a good predictor of the micronutrient density of the diet of 6- to 23-month-old XXXX in Madagascar.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Whether studies agree or disagree on the positive-negative dichotomy in @entity1 , the relevance of a third component, disorganization, remains a point of debate. Disorganization, as expressed by the scale for the assessment of negative symptoms and positive symptoms ( @entity4 -SAPS) and the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) principal-component analyses, could be considered as permanent and determinant a dimension as the positive and negative components. The aim of this study therefore was to determine whether this disorganization, with the negative and positive components, is stable and has the same composition in the acute and postacute phases of illness. This study was carried out in 57 @entity0 , broadly defined by at least one of four diagnostic criteria (American Psychiatric Association, Langfeldt, Carpenter and Schneider), established with a computerized checklist, and evaluated with @entity4 -SAPS and PANSS. Principal component analyses (PCA) of these scales were performed at admission and discharge from hospital. The PCA of @entity4 -SAPS displayed a 3-factor solution, regardless of the phase of illness (acute or postacute), showing that the negative, positive and disorganization components were stable. The PCA of PANSS yielded negative and positive components perfectly stable over time and a disorganization component whose composition varied between admission and discharge. At admission, this component included the conceptual disorganization item negatively correlated with one of @entity2 . At discharge, this disorganization component included two additional items, @entity3 preoccupation and mannerisms and one @entity2 component appeared. The instability of the PCA of PANSS could express the role played by the phase of illness; in an acute phase, this disorganization component was constituted by more "positive" items such as grandiosity, unusual thought content and active social avoidance whereas in the postacute phase, it included items that reflected more the chronicity of the illness, such as mannerisms and @entity3 preoccupation. Moreover, the depressive item appeared, in the postacute phase, in a specific @entity2 . This result could be due to the fact that @entity2 cannot be expressed when positive symptoms are very severe, which explains why no depressive components were shown during the acute phase.

title: Principal-component analyses of PANSS and XXXX -SAPS in @entity1 : their stability in an acute phase.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Whether studies agree or disagree on the positive-negative dichotomy in @entity1 , the relevance of a third component, disorganization, remains a point of debate. Disorganization, as expressed by the scale for the assessment of negative symptoms and positive symptoms ( @entity4 -SAPS) and the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) principal-component analyses, could be considered as permanent and determinant a dimension as the positive and negative components. The aim of this study therefore was to determine whether this disorganization, with the negative and positive components, is stable and has the same composition in the acute and postacute phases of illness. This study was carried out in 57 @entity0 , broadly defined by at least one of four diagnostic criteria (American Psychiatric Association, Langfeldt, Carpenter and Schneider), established with a computerized checklist, and evaluated with @entity4 -SAPS and PANSS. Principal component analyses (PCA) of these scales were performed at admission and discharge from hospital. The PCA of @entity4 -SAPS displayed a 3-factor solution, regardless of the phase of illness (acute or postacute), showing that the negative, positive and disorganization components were stable. The PCA of PANSS yielded negative and positive components perfectly stable over time and a disorganization component whose composition varied between admission and discharge. At admission, this component included the conceptual disorganization item negatively correlated with one of @entity2 . At discharge, this disorganization component included two additional items, @entity3 preoccupation and mannerisms and one @entity2 component appeared. The instability of the PCA of PANSS could express the role played by the phase of illness; in an acute phase, this disorganization component was constituted by more "positive" items such as grandiosity, unusual thought content and active social avoidance whereas in the postacute phase, it included items that reflected more the chronicity of the illness, such as mannerisms and @entity3 preoccupation. Moreover, the depressive item appeared, in the postacute phase, in a specific @entity2 . This result could be due to the fact that @entity2 cannot be expressed when positive symptoms are very severe, which explains why no depressive components were shown during the acute phase.

title: Principal-component analyses of PANSS and @entity4 -SAPS in XXXX : their stability in an acute phase.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This Special Theme issue presents a series of related papers describing fMRI data collected as part of a multi-site brain imaging consortium, the Functional Imaging Biomedical Informatics Research Network (FBIRN) on the same subject population ( approximately 125 @entity0 and approximately 125 controls), a larger sample than would have been possible from a single-site, and from a broader clinical and demographic range of @entity0 . Potkin et al observe cortical inefficiency during retrieval of items from memory but not during encoding of those items; Brown et al showed that the lawful relationship between memory retrieval time and neural activation is decoupled in @entity0 with @entity1 . Wible et al analyzed the same memory data and report activations of left auditory and parietal cortices are especially abnormal in @entity0 who tend to hallucinate. Using an auditory target detection task, Ford et al report abnormal activation of left primary auditory cortex in the hallucinators. A multivariate analysis of those auditory data by Kim et al found differences in connectivity in @entity0 and controls. These studies on the same @entity0 sample suggest that abnormal circuitry characterizes @entity1 performance in both auditory target detection and memory retrieval, and that @entity0 who hallucinate have reduced left auditory cortical activation on both tasks. Segall et al report anatomical differences between @entity0 and controls in the largest sample yet published. Finally, Potkin et al. identified six genes that influence DLPFC activation and have functions related to forebrain development and stress responses in @entity1 . These related publications indicate the power of multisite neuroimaging.

title: Widespread cortical dysfunction in XXXX : the FBIRN imaging consortium.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A genome-wide scan was performed to identify @entity3 ( @entity3 ) for short- and medium-chain @entity1 (expressed in wt/wt %). Milk samples were available from 1,905 @entity0 from 398 commercial herds in the Netherlands, and milk-fat composition was measured by gas chromatography. DNA was available from 7 of the paternal half-sib families: 849 @entity0 and their 7 sires. A genetic map was constructed comprising 1,341 SNP and 2,829 cM, with an average information content of 0.83. Multimarker interval mapping was used in an across-family regression on corrected phenotypes for the 7 half-sib families. Four @entity3 were found: on @entity0 autosome (BTA) 6, a @entity3 was identified for C6:0 and C8:0; on BTA14, a @entity3 was identified for fat percentage, all odd-chain @entity1 , and C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, and their unsaturation indices; on BTA19, a @entity3 affected C14:0; and on BTA26, a @entity3 was identified for the @entity2 and their unsaturation indices. The @entity3 explained 3 to 19% of phenotypic variance. Furthermore, 49 traits with suggestive evidence for linkage were found on 21 chromosomes. Additional analyses revealed that the @entity3 on BTA14 was most likely caused by a mutation in @entity4 , whereas the @entity3 on BTA26 was most likely caused by a mutation in the @entity5 gene. Quantitative trait loci that affect specific @entity1 might increase the understanding of physiological processes regarding fat synthesis and the position of the causal genes.

title: Genome-wide scan for XXXX milk-fat composition. I. Quantitative trait loci for short- and medium-chain fatty acids.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Heritable and genetic factors pertinent to @entity5 can be divided into three categories: inherited syndromes, @entity3 , and molecular genetics. @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity11 ( @entity11 ) are rare dominantly inherited syndromes characterized by hundreds to thousands of colonic @entity12 . @entity5 occurs at a young age in both diseases unless the colon is removed. @entity9 and @entity8 are @entity3 with a less dramatic, but definite, increased risk for @entity5 . These four @entity8 syndromes together account for less than 1% of cases of @entity5 . @entity2 is a dominantly inherited form of @entity5 characterized by an early age of onset and a predilection for proximal @entity1 . Multiple primary @entity1 are frequently observed and one or several @entity12 are often present in affected individuals; 4-6% of @entity5 cases occur in relationship to this syndrome. Genetic epidemiological studies have consistently shown that first-degree relatives of @entity0 with @entity5 have a twofold to threefold increased risk of having @entity5 . More recent studies have found a similar risk among relatives of those with @entity12 . Studies of @entity5 and @entity12 in pedigrees have further demonstrated that this familial clustering probably occurs on the basis of partially penetrant inherited susceptibilities. These inherited susceptibilities probably interact with environmental factors to give rise to @entity7 growth and finally @entity5 . Molecular studies have begun to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of @entity5 at the DNA level. The germinal mutation of @entity8 and @entity11 has been localized to the long arm of chromosome 5. Tissue samples from "random" @entity12 and @entity5 have shown frequent and specific acquired DNA sequence deletions on chromosomes 5, 17, and 18. Mutations and over-expression of the ras oncogene likewise have been observed in such tissues. The chromosome 5 defect in @entity7 and @entity1 tissues is probably at the same locus as the germinal mutation of @entity8 . There is evidence that this locus normally regulates expression of the @entity4 oncogene, which in turn probably has a regulatory function in DNA replication. The chromosome 17 deletion is a mutation of the gene for the transformation-associated protein, @entity6 . Appropriate screening starting at a relatively young age is necessary to prevent @entity10 . Screening is also indicated in close relatives of those with nonsyndromic or common @entity5 in view of the moderately increased risk for @entity5 in this group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Risk and surveillance of individuals with heritable factors for XXXX . WHO Collaborating Centre for the Prevention of @entity2 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Heritable and genetic factors pertinent to @entity5 can be divided into three categories: inherited syndromes, @entity3 , and molecular genetics. @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity11 ( @entity11 ) are rare dominantly inherited syndromes characterized by hundreds to thousands of colonic @entity12 . @entity5 occurs at a young age in both diseases unless the colon is removed. @entity9 and @entity8 are @entity3 with a less dramatic, but definite, increased risk for @entity5 . These four @entity8 syndromes together account for less than 1% of cases of @entity5 . @entity2 is a dominantly inherited form of @entity5 characterized by an early age of onset and a predilection for proximal @entity1 . Multiple primary @entity1 are frequently observed and one or several @entity12 are often present in affected individuals; 4-6% of @entity5 cases occur in relationship to this syndrome. Genetic epidemiological studies have consistently shown that first-degree relatives of @entity0 with @entity5 have a twofold to threefold increased risk of having @entity5 . More recent studies have found a similar risk among relatives of those with @entity12 . Studies of @entity5 and @entity12 in pedigrees have further demonstrated that this familial clustering probably occurs on the basis of partially penetrant inherited susceptibilities. These inherited susceptibilities probably interact with environmental factors to give rise to @entity7 growth and finally @entity5 . Molecular studies have begun to elucidate the genetic mechanisms of @entity5 at the DNA level. The germinal mutation of @entity8 and @entity11 has been localized to the long arm of chromosome 5. Tissue samples from "random" @entity12 and @entity5 have shown frequent and specific acquired DNA sequence deletions on chromosomes 5, 17, and 18. Mutations and over-expression of the ras oncogene likewise have been observed in such tissues. The chromosome 5 defect in @entity7 and @entity1 tissues is probably at the same locus as the germinal mutation of @entity8 . There is evidence that this locus normally regulates expression of the @entity4 oncogene, which in turn probably has a regulatory function in DNA replication. The chromosome 17 deletion is a mutation of the gene for the transformation-associated protein, @entity6 . Appropriate screening starting at a relatively young age is necessary to prevent @entity10 . Screening is also indicated in close relatives of those with nonsyndromic or common @entity5 in view of the moderately increased risk for @entity5 in this group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Risk and surveillance of individuals with heritable factors for @entity2 . WHO Collaborating Centre for the Prevention of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: It has been proposed that @entity6 is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). To dissect the underlying mechanisms, we performed a multiplexed proteomics study on liver mitochondria isolated from a spontaneous @entity0 @entity2 model before/after they were rendered @entity0 . Altogether, we identified 1091 mitochondrial proteins, 228 phosphoproteins, and 355 hydroxyproteins. Mitochondrial proteins were found to undergo expression changes in a highly correlated fashion during @entity5 development. For example, proteins involved in beta-oxidation, the @entity7 cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and other bioenergetic processes were coordinately up-regulated, indicating that liver cells confronted @entity5 by increasing energy expenditure and activating pathways that rid themselves of the constitutively increased flux of @entity4 and lipid. Notably, activation of oxidative phosphorylation was immediately related to the overproduction of reactive @entity1 species, which caused oxidative stress within the cells. Increased oxidative stress was also evidenced by our post-translational modification profiles such that mitochondrial proteins were more heavily hydroxylated during @entity5 development. Moreover, we observed a distinct @entity3 of antiapoptosis and antioxidative stress proteins that might reflect a higher apoptotic index under the @entity0 stage. We suggest that such changes in systematic metabolism were causally linked to the development of @entity5 . Comparing proteomics data against microarray data, we demonstrated that many @entity5 -related alterations were unidentifiable by either proteomics or genomics approaches alone, underscoring the importance of integrating different approaches. Our compendium could help to unveil pathogenic events in mitochondria leading to @entity5 and be useful for the discovery of diagnosis biomarker and therapeutic targets of @entity5 .

title: Proteome, phosphoproteome, and hydroxyproteome of liver mitochondria in XXXX @entity2 at early pathogenic stages.

answer: @entity0


abstract: It has been proposed that @entity6 is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). To dissect the underlying mechanisms, we performed a multiplexed proteomics study on liver mitochondria isolated from a spontaneous @entity0 @entity2 model before/after they were rendered @entity0 . Altogether, we identified 1091 mitochondrial proteins, 228 phosphoproteins, and 355 hydroxyproteins. Mitochondrial proteins were found to undergo expression changes in a highly correlated fashion during @entity5 development. For example, proteins involved in beta-oxidation, the @entity7 cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and other bioenergetic processes were coordinately up-regulated, indicating that liver cells confronted @entity5 by increasing energy expenditure and activating pathways that rid themselves of the constitutively increased flux of @entity4 and lipid. Notably, activation of oxidative phosphorylation was immediately related to the overproduction of reactive @entity1 species, which caused oxidative stress within the cells. Increased oxidative stress was also evidenced by our post-translational modification profiles such that mitochondrial proteins were more heavily hydroxylated during @entity5 development. Moreover, we observed a distinct @entity3 of antiapoptosis and antioxidative stress proteins that might reflect a higher apoptotic index under the @entity0 stage. We suggest that such changes in systematic metabolism were causally linked to the development of @entity5 . Comparing proteomics data against microarray data, we demonstrated that many @entity5 -related alterations were unidentifiable by either proteomics or genomics approaches alone, underscoring the importance of integrating different approaches. Our compendium could help to unveil pathogenic events in mitochondria leading to @entity5 and be useful for the discovery of diagnosis biomarker and therapeutic targets of @entity5 .

title: Proteome, phosphoproteome, and hydroxyproteome of liver mitochondria in @entity0 XXXX at early pathogenic stages.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of optic disc size is an important component of optic nerve head examination. Agreement between different methods of disc size measurements is not very good. PURPOSE: To assess the agreement between the disc size assessed by @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and stereobiomicroscopy with a 90 diopter (D) lens. To report the clinical (measured by biomicroscopy) disc diameters of small, average and large optic discs categorized by @entity1 disc areas. SETTING AND DESIGN: Observational study of subjects examined in the @entity0 clinic of a tertiary eye institute. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-five eyes of 75 @entity0 subjects were studied. Disc diameter was measured using stereobiomicroscopy and @entity1 . The agreement between the two sets of measurements was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Discs were classified into small (<1.6 mm(2)), average (1.6-2.6 mm(2)) and large (>2.6 mm(2)) depending on cutoffs provided by the manufacturers of @entity1 . The means (95% CI) of the corresponding vertical disc diameter in these groups were assessed. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: ICC, Bland and Altman plots. RESULTS: ICC for measurements of clinical and @entity1 horizontal disc diameter was 0.518 and for vertical disc diameter measurement was 0.487. The mean difference between the clinical and @entity1 measurements as analyzed by the Bland and Altman plot was 0.17 (95% CI, 0.13- 0.47) for horizontal and 0.22 (95% CI, 0.11- 0.54) for vertical disc diameter. Of the 75 eyes, 3 eyes had small discs, 54 average and 18 large discs. The mean clinical vertical disc diameter for small discs was 1.55 mm (95% CI, 1.2-1.7), for average discs was 1.91 mm (95% CI, 1.87-1.96) and for large discs was 2.15 mm (95% CI, 2.03-2.27). CONCLUSION: The agreement between clinical and @entity1 disc diameter measurements is moderate. Disc diameter measurement on stereobiomicroscopy can be used to categorize discs into small, average and large discs.

title: Clinical measurement and categorization of optic disc in XXXX patients.

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: Mammography is generally accepted as the best available @entity0 screening method; however, some @entity2 detectable on mammography images are missed. Computer-aided detection (CAD) systems for mammography are intended to reduce false negatives by marking suspicious areas of the mammograms for reviewers to consider. Although the prospect of improving the sensitivity of screening mammograms has led to the diffusion of CAD for mammography, little is known about its diagnostic accuracy. OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic performance of CAD for screening mammography in terms of sensitivity and specificity and incremental recall, biopsy, and @entity2 diagnosis rates. DATA SOURCES: Published literature identified by systematic literature searches of 17 databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, searched through 25 September 2008. STUDY SELECTION: A reviewer and an information specialist selected full-length English-language articles that enrolled asymptomatic @entity1 for routine @entity0 screening and provided data needed for our analyses using criteria established a priori. We identified 75 potentially relevant publications, of which 7 (9%) were included. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted and internal validity was assessed by a single review author, and forms were approved by the co-authors. RESULTS: Three studies (n = 347,324) reported sensitivity and specificity, or data to calculate them, and five studies (n = 51,162) reported data to calculate incremental rates of @entity2 diagnoses and recall and biopsy of @entity1 who did not have @entity0 . The pooled sensitivity was 86.0% (95% CI 84.2-87.6%) and specificity was 88.2% (95% CI 88.1-88.3%). Of the 100,000 @entity1 screened, CAD yielded an additional 50 (95% CI 30-80) correct @entity0 diagnoses, 1,190 (95% CI 1,090-1,290) recalls of healthy @entity1 , and 80 (95% CI 60-100) biopsies of healthy @entity1 . A total of 96% (95% CI 93.9-97.3%) of @entity1 recalled based upon CAD and 65.1% (95% CI 52.3-76.0%) of @entity1 biopsied based upon CAD were healthy. No studies reported @entity1 -oriented clinical outcomes.

title: Computer-aided detection mammography for XXXX screening: systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Brain functions can be affected by the availability of dietary precursors of neurotransmitters. The diet induced increase in @entity3 (TRP) availability has been shown to increase brain @entity1 ( @entity1 , @entity1 ) synthesis and various related behaviors. A prominent role of @entity1 in memory functions is widely acknowledged. Increased brain @entity1 concentration is shown to enhance cognitive function whereas decreased @entity1 metabolism in brain has been shown to impair memory. This study was designed to investigate the effects of single dose and repeated TRP administration on brain TRP, @entity1 and its metabolite @entity2 ( @entity4 ) levels and on memory functions in @entity0 . TRP at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight were orally administered to @entity0 . Assessment of memory in @entity0 was done using the water maze test (WM). Brain TRP, @entity1 and @entity4 levels were comparable to control after single TRP administration. Repeated administration of TRP for 6 weeks significantly increased brain TRP (P<0.05), @entity1 (P<0.01) and @entity4 (P<0.01) levels with respect to controls. Memory enhancement effect of TRP was not seen after single oral administration whereas repeated TRP intake significantly (P<0.01) enhanced memory functions of @entity0 as evidenced by the decreased latency time to reach the hidden platform in WM. Our results indicate that repeated but not single oral TRP administration is involved in the enhanced memory functions in @entity0 .

title: Comparative effects of single dose and repeated oral XXXX administration on indoleamine synthesis and memory functions in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Brain functions can be affected by the availability of dietary precursors of neurotransmitters. The diet induced increase in @entity3 (TRP) availability has been shown to increase brain @entity1 ( @entity1 , @entity1 ) synthesis and various related behaviors. A prominent role of @entity1 in memory functions is widely acknowledged. Increased brain @entity1 concentration is shown to enhance cognitive function whereas decreased @entity1 metabolism in brain has been shown to impair memory. This study was designed to investigate the effects of single dose and repeated TRP administration on brain TRP, @entity1 and its metabolite @entity2 ( @entity4 ) levels and on memory functions in @entity0 . TRP at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight were orally administered to @entity0 . Assessment of memory in @entity0 was done using the water maze test (WM). Brain TRP, @entity1 and @entity4 levels were comparable to control after single TRP administration. Repeated administration of TRP for 6 weeks significantly increased brain TRP (P<0.05), @entity1 (P<0.01) and @entity4 (P<0.01) levels with respect to controls. Memory enhancement effect of TRP was not seen after single oral administration whereas repeated TRP intake significantly (P<0.01) enhanced memory functions of @entity0 as evidenced by the decreased latency time to reach the hidden platform in WM. Our results indicate that repeated but not single oral TRP administration is involved in the enhanced memory functions in @entity0 .

title: Comparative effects of single dose and repeated oral @entity3 administration on indoleamine synthesis and memory functions in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the physical health, @entity3 , and @entity4 symptoms of homebound older adults in relation to a history of @entity1 exposure. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of cross-sectional data. SETTING: @entity0 were recruited by in-home aging services case managers. @entity0 : The sample consisted of 136 older adults receiving in-home services. MEASUREMENTS: @entity0 completed a research battery that included the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity2 , Fourth Edition ( @entity5 ), Modified Mini-Mental Status Examination, and Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18). Case managers provided standard assessments of health and functional status. Data were analyzed using t tests, chi tests, and logistic regression. RESULTS: Approximately half (49%) of the @entity0 reported experiencing a traumatic event. When compared with @entity0 who did not report a history of @entity1 , @entity1 -exposed @entity0 were on average 3 years younger, had one more chronic medical condition, were taking two more nonpsychotropic medications, and were more likely to report poor self-rated health. Furthermore, @entity1 -exposed @entity0 were more likely to experience clinically significant somatic and @entity3 on the BSI-18 and were more likely to meet criteria for a @entity3 diagnosis. After controlling for physical health and cognitive functioning, @entity1 exposure was still associated with @entity2 and higher levels of somatic and @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 -exposed @entity0 were younger but experienced worse physical and mental health than those without a @entity1 history. This suggests that @entity1 exposure across the lifespan could have a long-term negative impact on homebound older adults' health and quality of life.

title: XXXX history is associated with psychological distress and somatic symptoms in homebound older adults.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Obesity is a strong risk factor for the development and progression of @entity5 . Responses to exercise by @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are clinically relevant to reducing body weight and cardiovascular risk factors. This study aimed to clarify the aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacities and their possible relationships with other findings in @entity0 with @entity3 . Forty @entity0 (30 males, 10 females) and 40 controls (30 males, 10 females) were enrolled in this study. Questionnaires (excessive @entity2 , @entity2 , @entity1 , waking unrefreshed, and imbalance), overnight polysomnography, indirect laryngoscopy, and aerobic and anaerobic exercise tests were performed. @entity6 , subscapular, abdomen, and thigh skinfold thicknesses were measured. Subcutaneous abdominal fat (abdomen skinfold) was significantly higher in @entity3 @entity0 than in controls. Maximal anaerobic power and anaerobic capacity were not different significantly between the @entity0 and controls. We found that aerobic capacity was significantly lower in @entity3 @entity0 than in controls. Aerobic capacity was negatively correlated with upper-body subcutaneous fat (triceps and subscapular skinfolds) but not correlated with subcutaneous abdominal fat in @entity3 @entity0 . In multivariate analyses using all @entity0 , the @entity3 index remained a significant independent predictor of aerobic capacity after controlling for a variety of potential confounders including body mass index. Our data confirm that central @entity4 (subcutaneous abdominal fat) is prominent in @entity0 with @entity3 . Our results suggest that lower aerobic exercise capacity in @entity0 with @entity3 might be due to daily physical activity that is restricted by OSA itself. This study also suggests that the degree of subcutaneous abdominal fat cannot be used for predicting aerobic capacity level. We think that upper-body subcutaneous fat might be suitable for determining the physical fitness of @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacities in XXXX and associations with subcutaneous fat distributions.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Continued monitoring and reporting of outcomes in @entity1 @entity0 are important for providing an indicator of functional outcomes and surveillance and treatment for problems or recurrences. The purpose of this study is to report the 5-year outcomes of the updated cohort of 44 @entity0 with 65 idiopathic clubfeet treated with manipulation, casting, and Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A). METHODS: As part of the original study, the @entity0 underwent the corrective treatment phase of manipulation and casting followed with BTX-A injection and then the maintenance phase of bracing. The @entity0 were seen at regular intervals and a detailed clinical history was maintained for each @entity0 including ankle range of motion, recurrences, and interventions for recurrences. RESULTS: Mean values for range of motion at the 5-year visit were 22.3 and 17.1 degrees for dorsiflexion with the knee in flexion and extension, respectively. Overall, 48% (31 of 65 clubfeet) successfully responded to a single BTX-A injection and experienced no recurrence over the follow-up period. At least 1 repeat BTX-A injection was required in 34 clubfeet, for an overall recurrence rate of 52%. Surgery was required in 10 clubfeet, and the overall surgical rate was 15.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Idiopathic clubfeet treated with BTX-A continued to show good outcomes at 2 to 5-year follow-up. The experience with this cohort provides support for the effectiveness of BTX-A in the initial correction and continued management of idiopathic @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Levels III to IV. This is a prospective, nonexperimental clinical study investigating efficacy of an innovative treatment.

title: The use of botulinum type A toxin in the treatment of idiopathic XXXX : 5-year follow-up.

answer: @entity1


abstract: (1) The anticonvulsant effects of @entity4 were examined and compared with those of @entity2 in monolayer primary cultures of @entity0 nerve cells using conventional intracellular recordings. (2) @entity4 and @entity2 (each 10-100 microM) decreased spontaneous synaptic activity when action potential frequencies exceeded 6 Hz. Neurons firing action potentials at frequencies below 6 Hz (about 90% of all impaled cells), however, were not affected by the drugs. (3) @entity4 reduced the duration of @entity1 -elicited bursts and the firing rate of action potentials within a burst. In contrast, @entity2 lowered the frequency of the bursts without reducing intra-burst firing. The duration of the bursts was increased. (4) @entity4 , but not @entity2 , reduced the extent of sustained repetitive firing evoked by pulses of depolarizing current. (5) In the presence of @entity4 , the second of two electrically evoked action potentials increasingly failed to appear as the intervals between successive stimulating pulses were shortened. Such an effect was not seen when @entity2 was applied. Thus, both antispastic agents, @entity4 and @entity2 , reduce @entity3 of spinal cord neurons in culture, although their mechanisms of action are different.

title: XXXX reduces repetitive action potential firing in spinal cord nerve cell cultures.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and efficacy of pemetrexed and @entity1 in @entity0 with either biliary tract or @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with unresectable previously untreated @entity3 were eligible for participation. An initial phase I trial was performed to determine the MTD using an every-2-weeks schedule. The MTD was then used in the phase II portion of the trial. The primary end point for the phase II portion was 6-month survival with a planned accrual of 59 @entity0 . RESULTS: Overall, 63 eligible @entity0 were enrolled. The MTD was established as pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 IV over 10 min and @entity1 800 mg/m2 IV at 10 mg/m2 per minute on days 1 and 15 of an every-4-weeks schedule with @entity6 and @entity5 supplementation. Fifty-eight @entity0 were included in the phase II portion. Median age was 61 and median follow-up was 18.2 months. A median of three cycles of treatment was given. Six-month survival was 55% and the median survival was 6.6 months (95% confidence interval 5.4-8.7 months) with a median time to progression of 3.8 months (2.4-5.4). Forty-seven (81%) experienced at least one grade 3+ adverse event, and 28 @entity0 (48%) experienced at least one grade 4 adverse event, most of which were due to grade 4 @entity4 . CONCLUSION: The addition of pemetrexed to fixed-dose-rate @entity1 , in a biweekly schedule, did not enhance the activity of @entity1 in @entity0 with biliary tract or @entity2 .

title: Pemetrexed and @entity1 for biliary tract and XXXX : a North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) phase I and II Trial, N9943.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and efficacy of pemetrexed and @entity1 in @entity0 with either biliary tract or @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with unresectable previously untreated @entity3 were eligible for participation. An initial phase I trial was performed to determine the MTD using an every-2-weeks schedule. The MTD was then used in the phase II portion of the trial. The primary end point for the phase II portion was 6-month survival with a planned accrual of 59 @entity0 . RESULTS: Overall, 63 eligible @entity0 were enrolled. The MTD was established as pemetrexed 500 mg/m2 IV over 10 min and @entity1 800 mg/m2 IV at 10 mg/m2 per minute on days 1 and 15 of an every-4-weeks schedule with @entity6 and @entity5 supplementation. Fifty-eight @entity0 were included in the phase II portion. Median age was 61 and median follow-up was 18.2 months. A median of three cycles of treatment was given. Six-month survival was 55% and the median survival was 6.6 months (95% confidence interval 5.4-8.7 months) with a median time to progression of 3.8 months (2.4-5.4). Forty-seven (81%) experienced at least one grade 3+ adverse event, and 28 @entity0 (48%) experienced at least one grade 4 adverse event, most of which were due to grade 4 @entity4 . CONCLUSION: The addition of pemetrexed to fixed-dose-rate @entity1 , in a biweekly schedule, did not enhance the activity of @entity1 in @entity0 with biliary tract or @entity2 .

title: Pemetrexed and XXXX for biliary tract and @entity2 : a North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) phase I and II Trial, N9943.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 and @entity3 are frequently used in the treatment of @entity0 . However, oral and intravenous (IV) therapy with these drugs has suboptimal efficacy and is associated with serious extracardiac side effects. We hypothesized that intrapericardial ( @entity4 ) delivery produces antiarrhythmic effects at lower plasma drug concentrations than IV delivery. @entity1 (n = 27) were randomised into 5 groups receiving either @entity4 vehicle, @entity2 (IV or @entity4 ) or dl- @entity3 (IV or @entity4 ). Epicardial and endocardial atrial effective refractory period and atrial response to burst pacing (rapid atrial response, RAR) were assessed before and after 3 hours of drug infusion at 2 mg.kg.h. @entity4 delivery produced steeply decreasing drug concentrations from epicardium to endocardium in both atria and ventricles. Plasma drug concentrations were significantly lower in @entity4 than in IV groups. @entity4 @entity2 and @entity3 reduced epicardial RAR inducibility (-74% +/- 20% and -66% +/- 30%, respectively) compared with IV delivery (-11% +/- 17% and -17% +/- 28%, respectively; P < 0.05). Endocardial RAR inducibility was only reduced in the @entity4 @entity2 group (-70% +/- 17%, P < 0.05). In conclusion, @entity4 delivery of @entity2 and @entity3 increases atrial drug concentration and antiarrhythmic effects at reduced plasma drug concentrations. These potential benefits are particularly prominent for @entity4 delivered @entity2 .

title: Intrapericardial delivery of XXXX and @entity3 : atrial transmural drug distribution and electrophysiological effects.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 and @entity3 are frequently used in the treatment of @entity0 . However, oral and intravenous (IV) therapy with these drugs has suboptimal efficacy and is associated with serious extracardiac side effects. We hypothesized that intrapericardial ( @entity4 ) delivery produces antiarrhythmic effects at lower plasma drug concentrations than IV delivery. @entity1 (n = 27) were randomised into 5 groups receiving either @entity4 vehicle, @entity2 (IV or @entity4 ) or dl- @entity3 (IV or @entity4 ). Epicardial and endocardial atrial effective refractory period and atrial response to burst pacing (rapid atrial response, RAR) were assessed before and after 3 hours of drug infusion at 2 mg.kg.h. @entity4 delivery produced steeply decreasing drug concentrations from epicardium to endocardium in both atria and ventricles. Plasma drug concentrations were significantly lower in @entity4 than in IV groups. @entity4 @entity2 and @entity3 reduced epicardial RAR inducibility (-74% +/- 20% and -66% +/- 30%, respectively) compared with IV delivery (-11% +/- 17% and -17% +/- 28%, respectively; P < 0.05). Endocardial RAR inducibility was only reduced in the @entity4 @entity2 group (-70% +/- 17%, P < 0.05). In conclusion, @entity4 delivery of @entity2 and @entity3 increases atrial drug concentration and antiarrhythmic effects at reduced plasma drug concentrations. These potential benefits are particularly prominent for @entity4 delivered @entity2 .

title: Intrapericardial delivery of @entity2 and XXXX : atrial transmural drug distribution and electrophysiological effects.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to compare surgical and endovascular revascularization for chronic @entity3 (CMI). METHODS: Forty-nine @entity0 underwent surgical (SG) or endovascular (EG) treatment. Relief of symptoms was considered the primary endpoint; patency, morbidity, and mortality were secondary endpoints. For statistical analysis, significance was assumed if P values < or = 0.05. RESULTS: Twenty-six @entity0 (53%) underwent surgical revascularization; 23 @entity0 (47%), endovascular repair. Mean follow-up was 25 +/- 21 months (SG) versus 10 +/- 10 (EG) months (P = 0.07). Except for body mass indices (SG 18.9 +/- 2.7 versus EG 23.6 +/- 4.8; P = 0.001), preoperative data were comparable. Freedom from symptoms was 100% (SG) versus 90% (EG) after intervention (P = 0.194), and 89% (SG) versus 75% (EG) at the end of follow-up. Reocclusion or re- @entity1 occurred in 8% (SG) versus 25% (EG) (log-rank test: P = 0.003), and @entity3 developed in 0% (SG) versus 9% (EG) (P = 0.04). Reintervention for CMI was required in 0% (SG) versus 13% (EG) (P = 0.01). Surgical @entity0 experienced more early complications (42% versus EG 4%; P = 0.02) and longer hospital stays (11.6 +/- 10.9 days versus EG 1.3 +/- 0.5 days; P < 0.001). Overall mortality at the end of follow-up was 31% (SG) versus 4% (EG) (log-rank test: P = 0.08), including all @entity0 with combined open mesenteric and aortic reconstruction (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment has superior long-term patency and requires fewer reinterventions, but it is also more invasive with greater morbidity and mortality compared to endovascular treatment. Endovascular techniques may be preferable in @entity0 with significant co-morbidities, concomitant @entity2 , or indeterminate symptoms.

title: Surgical and interventional visceral revascularization for the treatment of chronic XXXX --when to prefer which?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Packing for complex @entity1 has been associated with an increased risk of @entity5 and @entity4 . The aim of the present study was to determine the optimum timing of pack removal and to assess whether the total duration of packing increases the incidence of these complications. METHODS: The study was based on a retrospective review of all @entity0 requiring liver packing over an 8-year period in a level 1 @entity2 center. RESULTS: Ninety-three (17%) of 534 @entity1 identified at laparotomy required perihepatic packing. Penetrating and blunt @entity2 occurred in 72 (77%) and 21 (23%), respectively. The mean total duration of packing was 2.4 days (range: 0.5-6.0 days). There was no association between the total duration of packing and the development of @entity3 (P = 0.284) or septic complications (P = 0.155). Early removal of packs at 24 h was associated with a higher rate of re-bleeding than removal of packs at 48 h (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: The total duration of liver packing does not result in an increase in septic complications or @entity4 . The first re-look laparotomy should only be performed after 48 h. An early re-look at 24 h is associated with re-bleeding and does not lead to early removal of liver packs.

title: Packing for control of hemorrhage in major liver XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This multicenter, prospective, open label, observational study evaluated practice patterns of physicians using @entity6 , a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and @entity5 for the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with or without @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Short-term recurrence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and safety were also evaluated. @entity0 with an objective diagnosis of @entity2 , with or without @entity3 , were invited by their physician to participate in this study. Treatment was given according to the approved U.S. package inserts for @entity6 (175 IU/kg SQ QD) and @entity5 and the clinical judgment of the prescribing physician. Baseline @entity0 history including demographic information and the results of tests to confirm the diagnosis of @entity2 , with or without @entity3 , were collected. Follow-up information included the treatment setting in which each dose of @entity6 was administered, medical training of the @entity0 administering @entity6 doses, timing of initiation of @entity5 with respect to that of @entity6 , length of overlap of @entity6 and @entity5 therapy, and adverse experiences. A total of 334 @entity0 were enrolled at 65 sites. @entity0 across a wide age (range 18-93 years old) and body weight (range 40-261 kg) were included. Overall, 27.3% of @entity0 had @entity1 , and 50% of the overall study population reported more than one @entity4 risk factor. Mean duration of @entity6 treatment was 7.61 days. Therapy at home was more common in suburban and rural settings than in urban settings. High proportions of @entity0 , even among the small group with concurrent @entity3 , were treated at home with self-injection. Severity of disease was the primary reason for hospitalization. Home treatment of @entity2 , with or without @entity3 , with self administration of @entity6 at 175 IU SQ once-daily was safe and resulted in an acceptably low rate of recurrent @entity4 and adverse events. Home therapy in the usual practice setting should achieve substantial overall cost savings in the treatment of @entity2 .

title: Community-based treatment of XXXX with a low-molecular-weight heparin and @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: This multicenter, prospective, open label, observational study evaluated practice patterns of physicians using @entity6 , a low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and @entity5 for the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with or without @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Short-term recurrence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and safety were also evaluated. @entity0 with an objective diagnosis of @entity2 , with or without @entity3 , were invited by their physician to participate in this study. Treatment was given according to the approved U.S. package inserts for @entity6 (175 IU/kg SQ QD) and @entity5 and the clinical judgment of the prescribing physician. Baseline @entity0 history including demographic information and the results of tests to confirm the diagnosis of @entity2 , with or without @entity3 , were collected. Follow-up information included the treatment setting in which each dose of @entity6 was administered, medical training of the @entity0 administering @entity6 doses, timing of initiation of @entity5 with respect to that of @entity6 , length of overlap of @entity6 and @entity5 therapy, and adverse experiences. A total of 334 @entity0 were enrolled at 65 sites. @entity0 across a wide age (range 18-93 years old) and body weight (range 40-261 kg) were included. Overall, 27.3% of @entity0 had @entity1 , and 50% of the overall study population reported more than one @entity4 risk factor. Mean duration of @entity6 treatment was 7.61 days. Therapy at home was more common in suburban and rural settings than in urban settings. High proportions of @entity0 , even among the small group with concurrent @entity3 , were treated at home with self-injection. Severity of disease was the primary reason for hospitalization. Home treatment of @entity2 , with or without @entity3 , with self administration of @entity6 at 175 IU SQ once-daily was safe and resulted in an acceptably low rate of recurrent @entity4 and adverse events. Home therapy in the usual practice setting should achieve substantial overall cost savings in the treatment of @entity2 .

title: Community-based treatment of @entity4 with a low-molecular-weight heparin and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the results of treatment in @entity0 with @entity3 of the pelvis. DESIGN: Retrospective. @entity0 AND METHODS: Sixty-five @entity0 with @entity4 registered in the files of the Netherlands Committee on Bone Tumours over 1957-1995 were reviewed. Complete information was obtained on 62 cases: 27 males and 35 females, median age was 31 years (range: 12-83). Distant @entity1 were present in 11 @entity0 (stage IIIB; 18%), while 50 @entity0 had @entity2 (81%) and 1 @entity0 stage @entity3 (2%). The results of treatment and survival were determined. RESULTS: Median survival was 14 months (2-177), the 5-year survival 15%. Distant @entity1 developed in 27 of 42 (64%) @entity0 with curatively treated @entity2 , with prolonged @entity1 -free survival after chemotherapy treatment (p < 0.0012). Survival in @entity0 with @entity4 was better after surgical resection of the primary @entity2 than after no operation (p < 0.0054); (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy gave no longer survival than surgery alone (p < 0.083). CONCLUSION: The prognosis of @entity4 was poor, despite modern multimodality treatment regimens, including surgical resection and chemotherapy.

title: [Poor prognosis of XXXX of pelvis; 39 years of registration by the Netherlands Commission on Bone Tumors].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown the efficacy, tolerability, and ease of administration of pemetrexed-an antifolate antineoplastic agent-in @entity0 with advanced @entity4 . We assessed pemetrexed as maintenance therapy in @entity0 with this disease. METHODS: This randomised double-blind study was undertaken in 83 centres in 20 countries. 663 @entity0 with stage IIIB or IV disease who had not progressed on four cycles of @entity3 -based chemotherapy were randomly assigned (2:1 ratio) to receive pemetrexed (500 mg/m(2), day 1) plus best supportive care (n=441) or placebo plus best supportive care (n=222) in 21-day cycles until disease progression. Treatment was randomised with the Simon and Pocock minimisation method. @entity0 and investigators were masked to treatment. All @entity0 received @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity2 . The primary endpoint of progression-free survival and the secondary endpoint of overall survival were analysed by intention to treat. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00102804. FINDINGS: All randomly assigned @entity0 were analysed. Pemetrexed significantly improved progression-free survival (4.3 months [95% CI 4.1-4.7] vs 2.6 months [1.7-2.8]; hazard ratio [HR] 0.50, 95% CI 0.42-0.61, p<0.0001) and overall survival (13.4 months [11.9-15.9] vs 10.6 months [8.7-12.0]; HR 0.79, 0.65-0.95, p=0.012) compared with placebo. Treatment discontinuations due to drug-related toxic effects were higher in the pemetrexed group than in the placebo group (21 [5%] vs three [1%]). Drug-related grade three or higher toxic effects were higher with pemetrexed than with placebo (70 [16%] vs nine [4%]; p<0.0001), specifically fatigue (22 [5%] vs one [1%], p=0.001) and @entity5 (13 [3%] vs 0, p=0.006). No pemetrexed-related @entity1 occurred. Relatively fewer @entity0 in the pemetrexed group than in the placebo group received systemic post-discontinuation therapy (227 [51%] vs 149 [67%]; p=0.0001). INTERPRETATION: Maintenance therapy with pemetrexed is well tolerated and offers improved progression-free and overall survival compared with placebo in @entity0 with advanced @entity4 . FUNDING: Eli Lilly.

title: Maintenance pemetrexed plus best supportive care versus placebo plus best supportive care for XXXX : a randomised, double-blind, phase 3 study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In @entity0 with @entity2 , the selective biopsy of the first draining lymph node, so-called the sentinel lymph node, allows to identify, with a low morbidity, the @entity0 with nodal @entity1 that require radical lymphadenectomy and adjuvant systemic chemotherapy. Herein, we report our initial experience in sentinel lymph node biopsy in 16 @entity0 with @entity2 . The sentinel lymph node was localised using preoperative lymphoscintigraphy and injection of dye blue. Intraoperatively, the dissection was guided with a gamma probe and by the recognition of the blue nodes. In the 16 cases the sentinel lymph node was localised. In 50% of the cases, multiple sentinel nodes were demonstrated at lymphoscintigraphy and found during surgery. A limited postoperative morbidity was observed in three cases. Three @entity0 presented nodal @entity1 and underwent further radical lymphadenectomy. We conclude that sentinel lymph node mapping is a feasible and reproductive procedure. The preoperative lymphoscintigraphy is essential to identify multiple sentinel nodes and guide surgical dissection. The impact of this approach on the overall survival of @entity0 with high-risk @entity2 has still to be demonstrated in studies with a long follow-up.

title: Sentinel lymph node mapping in the management of high risk XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Animal models are important in the study of the development and expression of focal @entity1 as well as in the preclinical evaluation of antiepileptic treatment. Many different models are available, including acute and chronic models for simple partial @entity1 and models for complex partial @entity1 . Work on models has revealed that the pathophysiology of @entity1 disorders includes several neurotransmitter and membrane channel alterations. In addition, epileptogenesis of @entity3 has been shown to involve the selective loss of neurons and axonal reorganization. Antiepileptic treatment still hinges on three general themes: modulation of voltage-dependent ion channels involved in spike propagation and burst generation, enhancement of @entity2 -mediated inhibition, and suppression of excitatory amino acidergic activity. Many antiepileptic drugs have proven efficacy against focal @entity1 in animal models as well as @entity0 . More recently developed antiepileptic drugs may prove to be superior in the alleviation of intractable partial @entity1 . The three general themes of antiepileptic drug action still dominate the development of antiepileptic treatment strategies. Too much emphasis on the classical models of @entity3 may hamper the development of innovative strategies. On the other hand, continued research on new and existing models may broaden our knowledge of the pathophysiological processes underlying @entity3 , and inspire new avenues in antiepileptic treatment development.

title: Animal models of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: There is still a considerable controversy about the usefulness of antiepileptic prophylaxis after @entity2 . Overall incidence of posttraumatic fits and @entity3 's is well known, but an individual decision on prophylaxis requires knowledge about the individual risk. We performed a prospective observational study on 612 @entity0 with @entity2 of every degree of severity. Follow-up by phone call included 96.2% of the study population after 6 month and 91.2% after 36 month, respectively. The overall incidence for early fits (within 7 days after @entity1 ), late fits (up to 36 month) and @entity3 (as defined by the International League Against @entity3 ) was 4.2%, 3.7% and 2.5%, respectively. These incidences increased according to the severity of the @entity1 , but the most powerful single predictor was @entity5 . There was no significant difference related to the @entity4 localisation. Development of @entity3 was much more common after late fits (48%) than after early fits (17%). These features established a hierarchy of risks for the development of @entity3 : no @entity5 /no fit: 1% (4/437), @entity5 /no fit: 8% (10/122), @entity5 /early fit: 16% (3/19), @entity5 /late fit: 53% (7/13). If prophylactic antiepileptic treatment is desired, but should be restricted to @entity0 at high risk. These are @entity0 with @entity5 --are a well defined high risk group--when their first fit is a late fit.

title: [Risk factors for posttraumatic fits and XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brain metastases reduce survival because therapeutic options are limited. This phase II study evaluated the efficacy of single-agent therapy with alternating weekly, dose-dense @entity6 in pretreated @entity1 with brain metastases prospectively stratified by primary @entity2 type. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had bidimensionally measurable brain metastases from histologically/cytologically confirmed @entity3 , @entity0 ( @entity0 ), or @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Prior chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) were allowed. @entity1 received @entity6 150 mg/m(2)/day (days 1-7 and 15-21 every 28- or 35-day cycle). RESULTS: In the intent-to-treat population (N = 157; 53 @entity3 , 51 @entity0 , and 53 @entity5 ), one @entity1 had complete response, nine (6%) had partial responses, and 31 (20%) had stable disease in the brain. Median progression-free survival was 56, 58, and 66 days for @entity3 , @entity0 , and @entity5 , respectively. Median overall survival was 100 days for @entity3 , 172 days for @entity5 , and not evaluable in the @entity0 group. @entity4 was the most common adverse event causing dose modification or treatment discontinuation. Grade 4 toxic effects were rare. CONCLUSIONS: This alternating weekly, dose-dense @entity6 regimen was well tolerated and clinically active in heavily pretreated @entity1 with brain metastases, particularly in @entity1 with @entity3 . Combining @entity6 with WBRT or other agents may improve clinical outcomes.

title: Dose-dense XXXX regimen for the treatment of brain metastases from @entity3 , @entity0 not amenable to surgery or radiosurgery: a multicenter phase II study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brain metastases reduce survival because therapeutic options are limited. This phase II study evaluated the efficacy of single-agent therapy with alternating weekly, dose-dense @entity6 in pretreated @entity1 with brain metastases prospectively stratified by primary @entity2 type. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had bidimensionally measurable brain metastases from histologically/cytologically confirmed @entity3 , @entity0 ( @entity0 ), or @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Prior chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) were allowed. @entity1 received @entity6 150 mg/m(2)/day (days 1-7 and 15-21 every 28- or 35-day cycle). RESULTS: In the intent-to-treat population (N = 157; 53 @entity3 , 51 @entity0 , and 53 @entity5 ), one @entity1 had complete response, nine (6%) had partial responses, and 31 (20%) had stable disease in the brain. Median progression-free survival was 56, 58, and 66 days for @entity3 , @entity0 , and @entity5 , respectively. Median overall survival was 100 days for @entity3 , 172 days for @entity5 , and not evaluable in the @entity0 group. @entity4 was the most common adverse event causing dose modification or treatment discontinuation. Grade 4 toxic effects were rare. CONCLUSIONS: This alternating weekly, dose-dense @entity6 regimen was well tolerated and clinically active in heavily pretreated @entity1 with brain metastases, particularly in @entity1 with @entity3 . Combining @entity6 with WBRT or other agents may improve clinical outcomes.

title: Dose-dense @entity6 regimen for the treatment of brain metastases from @entity3 , XXXX not amenable to surgery or radiosurgery: a multicenter phase II study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Brain metastases reduce survival because therapeutic options are limited. This phase II study evaluated the efficacy of single-agent therapy with alternating weekly, dose-dense @entity6 in pretreated @entity1 with brain metastases prospectively stratified by primary @entity2 type. METHODS: Eligible @entity1 had bidimensionally measurable brain metastases from histologically/cytologically confirmed @entity3 , @entity0 ( @entity0 ), or @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Prior chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) were allowed. @entity1 received @entity6 150 mg/m(2)/day (days 1-7 and 15-21 every 28- or 35-day cycle). RESULTS: In the intent-to-treat population (N = 157; 53 @entity3 , 51 @entity0 , and 53 @entity5 ), one @entity1 had complete response, nine (6%) had partial responses, and 31 (20%) had stable disease in the brain. Median progression-free survival was 56, 58, and 66 days for @entity3 , @entity0 , and @entity5 , respectively. Median overall survival was 100 days for @entity3 , 172 days for @entity5 , and not evaluable in the @entity0 group. @entity4 was the most common adverse event causing dose modification or treatment discontinuation. Grade 4 toxic effects were rare. CONCLUSIONS: This alternating weekly, dose-dense @entity6 regimen was well tolerated and clinically active in heavily pretreated @entity1 with brain metastases, particularly in @entity1 with @entity3 . Combining @entity6 with WBRT or other agents may improve clinical outcomes.

title: Dose-dense @entity6 regimen for the treatment of brain metastases from XXXX , @entity0 not amenable to surgery or radiosurgery: a multicenter phase II study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of @entity3 in T2-weighted (T2W) fast spin-echo (FSE) and T2*W gradient-echo (GRE) sequences for characterizing focal @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 68 @entity0 , 46 malignant and 22 benign focal @entity2 were evaluated. Precontrast (NCE) T2W FSE images and contrast-enhanced (CE) T2W FSE and T2*W GRE images were obtained on a 1.5T MR system. Based on signal intensity (SI) measurements in focal lesions and liver parenchyma, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated for all sequences. The percentage of SI loss (PSIL) in focal lesions after contrast agent (CA) application was calculated for the T2W FSE sequence. Qualitative analyses were performed to assess image quality and lesion conspicuity obtained with the CE-T2W FSE and CE-T2*W GRE sequences. RESULTS: The mean PSIL was higher in solid benign lesions than in @entity1 (39.6% vs. 3.2%, P<0.05). With a threshold PSIL of 25%, the sensitivity and specificity for characterizing @entity1 were 97.8% and 92.9%, respectively. The mean CNR of the @entity1 was higher in the CE-T2*W sequence than in the CE- and NCE-T2W FSE sequences (29.9 vs. 22.7 (P<0.01) vs. 12.8 (P<0.01)). CE-T2*W images showed a superior image quality and lesion conspicuity (P<0.05) compared to the CE-T2W FSE sequence. CONCLUSION: The PSIL can be an accurate tool for characterizing benign and @entity1 . The addition of a CE-T2*W GRE sequence is helpful for the detection and characterization of @entity1 .

title: Superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)-enhanced liver MRI with ferucarbotran: efficacy for characterization of focal XXXX .

answer: @entity2