abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) managed nonoperatively is unknown. @entity0 AND METHODS: To determine the risk of @entity1 and survival, we retrospectively reviewed the clinical course and computed tomographic data of 57 @entity0 who were evaluated for degenerative, nondissecting @entity6 . Nonoperative management was decided initially for all @entity0 . Data of @entity2 expansion rate were available in 29 @entity0 who underwent 2 or more scans. Follow-up was complete in 52 (91%) @entity0 and averaged 37 months (range 1 to 82). RESULTS: Thirty-four of the 57 (60%) @entity0 died during follow-up, including 3 of 15 @entity0 who underwent subsequent repair of their @entity2 . Two- and 5-year survival rates for the entire group were 69% and 39%, with repair-free survival rates of 52% and 17%, respectively. Eight (14%) @entity5 , accounting for 24% (8/34) of the deaths. Two- and 4-year risks of @entity1 were 12% and 32%, respectively. The median expansion rate was 0.2 cm/y and was greater in @entity0 with @entity4 (P < 0.05). All @entity5 were > 5 cm in diameter. @entity2 with a diameter > 5 cm at diagnosis had a higher @entity1 rate than those with a diameter < or = 5 cm (P < 0.05). Expansion rate did not predict @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Mortality of @entity0 with @entity6 preselected for nonoperative management is high, with an overall survival rate of 39% and repair-free survival rate of only 17% at 5 years. Expansion rate of @entity6 (0.2 cm/y) is similar to that of @entity3 . Our data that support nonoperative management for @entity0 with @entity6 < 5 cm in diameter, but confirm the increase rate of @entity1 for @entity2 > 5 cm.

title: Outcome and expansion rate of 57 XXXX managed nonoperatively.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This review defines the recognized risk factors responsible for the development of @entity2 after surgical management of @entity3 . SOURCES OF DATA: We performed a literature search using Medline, Ovid, Cochrane and Google Scholar using the keywords: ' @entity3 ', 'meniscectomy', ' @entity1 ', 'complications' and 'risk factors'. Thirty-two published studies were identified. AREAS OF AGREEMENT: In the long term, @entity1 develops in the knee of @entity0 undergoing surgery for @entity3 . The Coleman methodology score showed great heterogeneity in terms of @entity0 characteristics and outcome assessment. Amount of meniscus removed, duration of pre-operative symptoms and lateral meniscectomy show strong statistical association to onset of @entity2 . AREAS OF CONTROVERSY: We did not find univocal findings defining the risk factors responsible for the development of post-operative @entity2 . GROWING POINTS: There is a need for standardized clinical and imaging validated scale to improve definition of post-operative @entity2 to allow easier and more reliable comparison of outcomes in different studies. AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH: Appropriately powered randomized controlled trials reporting clinical and imaging-related outcomes in @entity0 undergoing arthroscopic minimally invasive procedures and meniscal suturing should be performed. Comparing imaging findings of @entity0 undergoing arthroscopic partial and open meniscectomy, a lower incidence of knee osteoarthritic evolution was detected after arthroscopy. The amount of removed meniscus is the most important predictor factor for the development of @entity1 . Minimally invasive procedures seem to reduce the incidence of long-term osteoarthritic changes of the knee compared with more invasive open and or arthroscopic procedures.

title: Meniscectomy as a risk factor for XXXX : a systematic review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This experiment sought to compare two @entity2 ( @entity1 ) hollow-fiber membrane oxygenators: the Medos HILITE 2400 LT and the Maquet Quadrox-iD Pediatric in terms of transmembrane pressure gradients and hemodynamic energy preservation under both pulsatile and non-pulsatile conditions. METHODS: A simulated pediatric extracorporeal life support (ECLS) circuit was used to test these two oxygenators. The circuit consisted of a roller pump,    inch tubing for both arterial and venous lines, an oxygenator, and a venous reservoir served as a pseudo- @entity0 . Three pressure transducers were placed upstream and downstream of the oxygenator and the distal arterial line. The experimental system was primed with lactated Ringer's solution and packed @entity0 red blood cells to maintain a hematocrit of 40%.The total volume was 600 ml, including the 350 ml volume of the pseudo- @entity0 .The tests were performed at six flow rates (250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 1500 ml/min) and three distal arterial line pressures (MAP) (60, 80, 100 mmHg), under both pulsatile and non-pulsatile perfusion modes.The temperature was kept constant at 37  C for all tests. RESULTS: Both oxygenators had adequate performances in pressure drop and hemodynamic energy preservation. There were no significant differences between pre- and post-oxygenators for mean pressure (MP), energy equivalent pressure (EEP) and total hemodynamic energy (THE). During the pulsatile perfusion mode, the HILITE 2400 LT retained a greater percentage of surplus hemodynamic energy (SHE) across the oxygenator. CONCLUSIONS: Both the Quadrox-iD Pediatric and HILITE 2400LT PMP membrane oxygenators are suitable for pediatric ECLS therapy under both non-pulsatile and pulsatile perfusion. An optimized combination of flow rate and MAP should be achieved in order to deliver the maximal pulsatile energy in the extracorporeal circuit.

title: Evaluation of two pediatric XXXX membrane oxygenators with pulsatile and non-pulsatile perfusion.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Retrospective observations on subtalar fusions performed for isolated @entity1 in 11 feet were performed to determine whether a satisfactory result could be obtained without significant changes to the talonavicular and @entity9 . Preoperative diagnoses included five feet with @entity7 secondary to a calcaneal @entity4 , four feet with a @entity8 , one foot with a @entity5 of unknown cause, and one foot with an unstable @entity9 secondary to a peroneal @entity6 . The average follow-up period was 41.5 months (range, 23-103 months). The hindfoot was fused in a average of 6 degrees of valgus. The feet maintained approximately 50% of their transverse tarsal motion, compared with the contralateral side. No foot developed @entity10 of any tarsal joint. Three feet fused for @entity5 developed very mild talar beaking, and two feet fused for a @entity11 developed a mild progression or increase in talar beaking. Three feet demonstrated very minimal osteophyte formation at the calcaneocuboid joint. Functional and @entity3 ratings for @entity0 who had fusions for @entity8 or @entity5 were good to excellent. Minimal radiographic changes at the talonavicular and @entity9 secondary to increased stress brought about by the fusion did not seem to be clinically significant. @entity2 limited to the @entity9 , which includes @entity8 , is a satisfactory method of treatment.

title: Subtalar fusion for isolated XXXX . Preliminary report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A retrospective chart review of clinical assessments encompassing @entity2 diagnosis, addiction severity and psychosocial functioning of @entity6 -dependent pregnant or postpartum @entity0 during inpatient treatment was obtained. Predictive value of the elements of the assessment battery on aftercare compliance was determined. METHODS: The charts of forty-one @entity6 -dependent pregnant or postpartum @entity0 treated for substance abuse were reviewed for addiction severity and aftercare compliance. Thirty of these @entity0 were administered the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R ( @entity4 I and II) and screened for history of victimization during inpatient treatment. All @entity0 were divided into two groups, aftercare treatment compliers (TCs) and aftercare treatment noncompliers (TNCs). TCs were those @entity0 who attended at least one-half of the aftercare sessions. RESULTS: TCs had significantly lower scores on the @entity2 (p < or = .05) and employment (p < or = .01) subscales of the ASI, indicating lesser problem severity. The total composite mean ASI score, although not statistically significant, was also lower for TCs. Of the thirty subjects that were administered the @entity4 -I and II, sixty-seven percent had an @entity1 . TNCs were significantly more likely to have an @entity3 (p < or = 0.05). Eighty percent of subjects had at least one @entity1 . TNCs were also significantly more likely to have any @entity1 (p < or = 0.05), and to have Cluster B and @entity5 (p < or = 0.05). In addition, seventy-three percent of subjects reported victimization, with TNCs significantly more likely (p < or = 0.05) to have experienced childhood abuse. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample of pregnant @entity6 using @entity0 , the majority of @entity0 had current @entity1 as well as history of victimization. The results suggest that the ASI employment and @entity2 subscales may be predictive of aftercare compliance. The presence of certain @entity7 and/or @entity1 also appear to be predictors of poor compliance. Treatment of pregnant substance using @entity0 must be designed to address issues of victimization as well as @entity2 .

title: Addiction severity, psychopathology and treatment compliance in XXXX -dependent mothers.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate use of the axial anchor screw system in the treatment of condylar process @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Seven adult @entity0 with displaced condylar process @entity2 were treated using axial anchor screw fixation. Indications for surgery were severe dislocation of the condyle and occlusal changes. Clinical and radiologic examinations were performed 6 weeks, 6 months, and approximately 2 years postoperatively (range, 18 to 30 months). Clinical factors recorded were occlusion, range of mandibular movement, and findings on palpation of the temporomandibular joints. Ramus height and angulation between the mandibular ramus and the dislocated condyle were measured and compared with the contralateral side preoperatively and at the last follow-up. RESULTS: The postoperative course was uneventful in most @entity0 . All were free of @entity1 , and the occlusion and facial symmetry were normal. Radiographs generally showed excellent @entity2 reduction. Translation of the condyles on mouth opening was symmetrical. No signs of resorption or @entity3 were evident in most cases. However, some @entity0 had complications. These involved unsatisfactory reduction in one @entity0 causing @entity4 at the @entity2 line. In another @entity0 bone over the screw fractured and the condyle and the screw tilted in a medial direction. CONCLUSION: Treatment of condylar process @entity2 using the axial anchor screw system is ideal in certain cases. The complications and difficulties seen may be avoidable by appropriate @entity0 selection and techniques.

title: Surgical treatment of condylar process XXXX using axial anchor screw fixation: a preliminary follow-up study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: During induced @entity1 for cardiac surgery, @entity8 occurs and aerobic metabolism of @entity3 , @entity9 , and @entity5 is altered. Following reperfusion, stunned myocardium uses @entity0 and substrate inefficiently, leading to poor functional recovery. However, @entity7 may be used as anaplerotic metabolic substrates during and after @entity1 , utilizing transamination of @entity7 to form high-energy @entity12 via the @entity13 cycle. We investigated if loading hearts with a physiologic spectrum of @entity7 prior to @entity1 could increase postischemic myocardial recovery. Isolated perfused @entity2 hearts were subjected to 120 min of 34 degrees C @entity1 . Hearts received cardioplegia alone as controls or were loaded with a 0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, or 5% @entity4 perfusion prior to @entity1 . Following reperfusion, functional recovery revealed that hearts perfused with 0.05 and 0.1% @entity7 had improved contractility and compliance vs untreated controls. To determine if the mechanism of @entity4 loading in improving postischemic function was enhancement of high-energy @entity6 resynthesis, @entity10 and @entity11 were measured. While all preischemic values were equivalent, @entity4 -loaded hearts had significantly greater high energy nucleotides at end @entity1 and after reperfusion. These data demonstrate that metabolism, as well as function, is improved with @entity4 loading prior to @entity1 , which allowed for better internal reparative work during @entity1 and external contractile work after @entity1 . This strategy may have application in cardiac surgery.

title: The mechanism of XXXX loading in improving postischemic myocardial recovery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We investigated the cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II (AII) and the influences of four angiotensin receptor antagonists: @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity7 in the pithed @entity0 preparation. AII (0.03-10 nmol/kg) elicited a dose-dependent increase in blood pressure (BP), left ventricular pressure (LVP), LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), dP/dtmax, and heart rate (HR). The maximal @entity1 effect of AII is comparable to that of @entity2 (NE), but its effects on LVEDP and HR are weaker than those of NE. On a molar base, AII is approximately 27 times more potent than NE. @entity3 (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) did not significantly influence the AII-induced increase in diastolic BP (DBP) and LVEDP, but it abolished AII-induced positive chronotropic effects over the entire dose range of angiotensin AII studied. @entity4 , but not @entity5 , shifted the dose-response curves for AII to the right in a parallel manner. @entity6 and @entity7 also caused rightward shifts of the AII dose-response curve. These experiments indicate that in @entity3 -treated pithed @entity0 AII causes vasoconstrictor effects in both resistance vessels and in the venous system, which are both mediated by AT1- but not by AT2-receptors. The AII-induced positive chronotropic effect is an indirect action mediated by the stimulation of postsynaptic beta 1-adrenoceptors. @entity6 and @entity7 , two new nonpeptide angiotensin receptor blockers that have affinity for both AT1- and AT2-receptors are also potent antagonists of the cardiovascular effects of AII in pithed @entity0 .

title: Hemodynamic effects of angiotensin II and the influence of angiotensin receptor antagonists in pithed XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Continuous wave (CW) Doppler ultrasound has facilitated accurate estimates of pressure gradient (PG) across a stenotic valve. However, the severity of @entity4 cannot be assessed using PG alone because it is dependent on actual flow across the valve. In this study, Doppler techniques were used to predict @entity5 (AVA) in adults with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Fifty-four adult @entity0 undergoing cardiac catheterization for suspected @entity3 were prospectively evaluated. There were 28 @entity0 and 26 @entity0 , who ranged in age from 25 to 68 years with a mean of 56 years. These Doppler ultrasound studies were performed using a 2 MHz transducer and an Aloka SSD-730. With CW Doppler ultrasound, the highest velocities of the aortic jet were recorded from an apical approach. Left ventricular outflow flows were recorded about 1.0-1.5 cm below the aortic annulus using high PRF. Doppler waveforms were analyzed for the @entity6 /ET ( @entity6 : acceleration time, ET: ejection time), and Doppler PG was calculated from the maximum velocity (V) of the aortic jet based on a modified Bernoulli equation (PG = 4V2), and aortic valve area was obtained using the continuity equation-(AVA = left ventricular outflow tract @entity1 volume divided by @entity3 jet velocity integral). These data were compared with hemodynamic data obtained from cardiac catheterization. The following results were obtained: 1. In eight @entity0 with substantial @entity2 , whose maximum catheter PG were from 20 to 45 mmHg, the @entity6 /ET was less than 0.30. The ratio of @entity6 /ET correlated with the peak velocity of the aortic jet (r = 0.88) and the maximum PG (r = 0.87) obtained from cardiac catheterization. 2. In 46 @entity0 with @entity3 , the maximum PG by CW Doppler showed an excellent correlation with maximum catheterization PG (r = 0.97, SEE 6 mmHg), and the mean PG as calculated by the two techniques also disclosed a good correlation (r = 0.97, SEE 5.4 mmHg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED @entity6 400 WORDS)

title: [Severity of XXXX assessed by Doppler techniques].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The pathogenesis of the two main killers in @entity3 , @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and @entity1 , differs. Prevention of @entity1 , about a third of which result from @entity8 , appears more immediately responsive to the level of blood pressure (BP). @entity9 reflects the end stage of a slow underlying @entity12 process of the coronary arteries and lowering BP can, at best, hope only to slow this process and make less likely the eventual @entity6 and resultant occlusive @entity10 and @entity11 . Practically all the randomised trials have confirmed that the treatment of all grades of @entity3 , down to a treated diastolic BP level of perhaps about 95 mmHg, reduces the incidence of fatal and non-fatal @entity1 by about 40-50%, though only two classes of antihypertensive agent i.e. diuretics (+/- other agents) and beta-blockers (+/- diuretics), have actually demonstrated this benefit. It is possible, in the elderly, that excessive lowering of systolic BP (SBP) (to below about 140 mmHg) might increase the number of deaths from @entity1 . Blood lipid changes which constitute coronary risk factors in untreated @entity3 @entity0 should not be regarded in the same light if beta-blocker induced. Animal data suggest that beta-blockers inhibit @entity13 induced @entity2 and modify @entity5 formation in the presence of stress and/or high @entity4 diets (in spite of blood lipid changes). Evidence in the moderate to severely @entity3 @entity0 also suggests that in spite of beta-blocker induced increases in blood @entity7 levels the incidence of deaths from @entity9 markedly decreases over a ten year period in those whose SBP is well controlled.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Why has the primary prevention of @entity9 in the treatment of XXXX been so elusive?

answer: @entity3


abstract: The pathogenesis of the two main killers in @entity3 , @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and @entity1 , differs. Prevention of @entity1 , about a third of which result from @entity8 , appears more immediately responsive to the level of blood pressure (BP). @entity9 reflects the end stage of a slow underlying @entity12 process of the coronary arteries and lowering BP can, at best, hope only to slow this process and make less likely the eventual @entity6 and resultant occlusive @entity10 and @entity11 . Practically all the randomised trials have confirmed that the treatment of all grades of @entity3 , down to a treated diastolic BP level of perhaps about 95 mmHg, reduces the incidence of fatal and non-fatal @entity1 by about 40-50%, though only two classes of antihypertensive agent i.e. diuretics (+/- other agents) and beta-blockers (+/- diuretics), have actually demonstrated this benefit. It is possible, in the elderly, that excessive lowering of systolic BP (SBP) (to below about 140 mmHg) might increase the number of deaths from @entity1 . Blood lipid changes which constitute coronary risk factors in untreated @entity3 @entity0 should not be regarded in the same light if beta-blocker induced. Animal data suggest that beta-blockers inhibit @entity13 induced @entity2 and modify @entity5 formation in the presence of stress and/or high @entity4 diets (in spite of blood lipid changes). Evidence in the moderate to severely @entity3 @entity0 also suggests that in spite of beta-blocker induced increases in blood @entity7 levels the incidence of deaths from @entity9 markedly decreases over a ten year period in those whose SBP is well controlled.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Why has the primary prevention of XXXX in the treatment of @entity3 been so elusive?

answer: @entity9


abstract: The effects of the level of energy intake (high E and low E) offered before and after calving on body condition score at calving, production performance, and energy status in the first 250 d of lactation were evaluated in a 2   2 factorial design experiment involving 80 Holstein-Friesian dairy animals (40 primiparous and 40 multiparous). From d 80 until d 21 precalving, primiparous animals were offered either high or low pasture allowances. Thereafter, these animals were housed and had ad libitum access to a high energy density diet (high E) or restricted access [6 kg of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) per d] to a low energy density diet (low E), respectively, until calving. From d 100 until d 42 precalving, multiparous animals were offered either ad libitum or restricted (10 kg of @entity0 /d) access to a late lactation diet, and thereafter, had ad libitum access to a high E diet or restricted access (7 kg of @entity0 complete diet/d) to a low E diet, respectively, until calving. The forage to concentrate (F:C) ratios ( @entity0 basis) of these high E and low E diets [d 42 (d 21 in primiparous animals) until calving] were 64:36 and 83:17, respectively. @entity1 offered high E and low E precalving diets were allocated to either a high E or low E postcalving diet [F:C ratio ( @entity0 basis) of 30:70 and 70:30, respectively] and remained on these diets until d 250 of lactation. Multiparous animals offered a high E diet precalving had a significantly higher body condition score at calving than those offered the low E diet precalving. This effect was not evident in primiparous animals. Precalving diet had no significant effect on plasma nonesterified @entity2 concentrations during the last 3 wk precalving in primi- or multiparous animals. Primiparous animals offered a high E diet precalving had significantly higher postcalving plasma concentrations of nonesterified @entity2 , suggesting greater mobilization of body reserves. Primi- and multiparous animals offered a high E diet postcalving had a significantly higher @entity0 intake, milk yield, and energy status postcalving compared with animals offered a low E diet postcalving. Milk yields of primiparous animals offered high E and low E diets postcalving were 29.7 and 24.8 kg/d, respectively, and milk yield of multiparous animals offered high E and low E diets postcalving were 33.5 and 28.2 kg/d, respectively. It is concluded that altering body condition score during the dry period is difficult but that specific dietary regimens applied precalving can have a significant influence on postcalving production and energy-related parameters.

title: Effect of precalving and postcalving dietary energy level on performance and blood metabolite concentrations of dairy XXXX throughout lactation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 genetic studies have demonstrated that polymorphisms in different complement proteins can increase the risk for developing @entity7 . There are three pathways of complement activation, classical ( @entity5 ), alternative (AP), and lectin (LP), which all activate a final common pathway. Proteins encoded by the @entity7 risk genes participate in the AP (CFB), @entity5 /LP (C2), or in the AP and final common pathway (C3). Here we tested which pathway is essential in @entity1 laser-induced @entity3 . @entity3 was analyzed using single complement pathway knockouts (i.e., eliminating one complement pathway at a time), followed by a double knockout in which only the AP is present, and the @entity5 and LP are disabled, using molecular, histological and electrophysiological outcomes. First, single-gene knockouts were analyzed and compared to wild type @entity1 ; @entity6 (-/-) (no @entity5 ), @entity9 (-/-) (no LP), and CFB(-/-) (no AP). Six days after the laser-induced lesion, @entity1 without a functional AP had reduced @entity3 progression (P<0.001) and preserved ERG amplitudes, whereas those without a functional @entity5 or LP were indistinguishable from the wild type controls (P>0.3). Second, AP-only @entity1 ( @entity6 (-/-) @entity9 (-/-)) were as protected from developing @entity3 as the CFB(-/-) @entity1 . The degree of pathology in each strain correlated with protein levels of the angiogenic and anti-angiogenic protein @entity4 and @entity8 , respectively, as well as levels of terminal pathway activation product C5a, and C9. The analysis of complement activation pathways in @entity1 laser-induced @entity3 allows for the following conclusions. Comparing the single pathway knockouts with those having only a functional AP showed: (1) that AP activation is necessary, but not alone sufficient for injury; and (2) that initial complement activation proceeds via both the LP and @entity5 . Thus, these data indicate an important role for the AP in the generation of complement-dependent @entity2 of @entity5 - and LP-initiated complement activation. Improving our understanding of the local regulation of this pathway in the eye is essential for developing improved treatment approaches for @entity7 .

title: The alternative pathway is required, but not alone sufficient, for retinal pathology in XXXX laser-induced choroidal neovascularization.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Three intrapelvic urethral @entity1 techniques were performed on 12 mature male @entity0 to compare the degree of @entity4 . The intrapelvic urethra was transected 1 cm caudal to the prostate, and @entity1 was performed using either suturing of the urethra over an indwelling catheter, suturing of the urethra without an indwelling catheter, or apposition of the urethra without sutures over an indwelling catheter. Postoperatively, the @entity0 were evaluated using clinical urination patterns, biochemical tests, radiography, and pathology. Three of four suture-catheter @entity0 and one of four catheter-only @entity0 had normal urinary patterns. Stricture (25-84%) with @entity3 or @entity2 tracts was visible on retrograde, positive contrast urethrograms of 3 of 12 intact @entity0 20 weeks after surgery, and on all 12 excised lower urinary tracts. Suture-catheter @entity0 subjectively had the least amount of @entity4 . All eight @entity0 (1 suture-catheter @entity0 , 4 suture-only @entity0 , and 3 catheter-only @entity0 ) with severe @entity4 (greater than 60% lumen diameter reduction) had histopathologic signs of chronic, inflammatory @entity7 , including four with chronic, ascending lymphocytic @entity5 . Hydroureter and @entity6 developed in two catheter-only @entity0 . Complete urethral transection resulted in some degree of @entity4 , regardless of technique used for @entity1 . Urethral @entity1 over an indwelling catheter appeared to result in a lesser degree of @entity4 and clinical and histopathologic derangement.

title: Intrapelvic urethral XXXX . A comparison of three techniques.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this systematic review was to ascertain the @entity3 and the associated risk factors. METHOD: Published literature was searched through several search engines from 1960 to the end of December 2013. The inclusion criteria included ' @entity4 ', 'pre- @entity1 ', 'malignant transformation', 'follow-up' and 'outcome'. Two reviewers extracted the data independently and also assessed the quality of evidence. RESULTS: The search strategy resulted in 1032 abstracts or full-text articles, of which 24 met the inclusion criteria. There was much variation in the definitions used by the various authors in their original reports to @entity3 or in the criteria used to recruit their @entity0 for follow-up. The estimated overall (mean) malignant transformation rate for the total population described in these 24 studies amounts to 3.5% (405/11423), with a wide range between 0.13% and 34.0%. Based on the evidence presented, the features that stand out as significant determinants contributing to malignant potential of OL include advanced age, female sex, @entity4 exceeding 200  mm(2) , non-homogeneous type (eg. erythroleukoplakia) and the higher grades of @entity2 . CONCLUSION: The review indicates that drawing meaningful evidence-based conclusions are difficult from retrospective studies of this nature. However, many of the determinants exposed in the review require further investigation by well-designed prospective studies.

title: XXXX : a systematic review of observational studies.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 112 @entity0 with idiopathic @entity7 have been referred from 1970 through 1989 at the Department of Pediatrics, University of Berne. One @entity0 remitted spontaneously without medication. Ninety-eight @entity0 responded to @entity4 : 15 had a single bout of @entity9 , 47 developed a tendency towards relapses and 36 @entity2 dependence. In 28 @entity0 with tendency towards relapses cure took place on either @entity4 alone or @entity4 plus @entity6 . In 18 @entity0 with @entity2 dependency cure took place on @entity4 alone or @entity4 plus @entity6 . Thirteen @entity0 failed to respond to @entity5 . The course of the disease was more benign in 68 @entity0 with @entity8 as compared with 14 @entity0 with focal and @entity1 . Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated mesangial IgM deposits in 14 out of 54 @entity0 , but this finding was not a marker for poor @entity2 response or progression to @entity3 . The course of the disease was especially unfavourable in @entity0 with persisting @entity9 on completion of the initial course of @entity2 therapy. In conclusion it appears appropriate to define the disease in terms of @entity2 responsiveness as @entity2 resistant @entity0 sometimes show normal glomeruli, @entity2 responsive sometimes have focal and @entity1 or mesangial IgM deposits, and decisions depend more on the @entity2 responsiveness than on the histological features.

title: Outcome of idiopathic XXXX . A 20 year experience.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Here we report a case of advanced @entity5 seen after total proctocolectomy for an early @entity8 associated with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). A 42-year-old @entity0 , diagnosed with @entity3 at the age of 21, had undergone total proctocolectomy at the age of 38 for an early ascending @entity8 . Three years later the @entity0 developed tarry stools and epigastric discomfort. Laboratory data showed @entity6 together with elevated serum @entity9 antibody. Gastric endoscopy showed thickening folds around a lesion in the stomach body. The pathological diagnosis was poorly differentiated @entity7 with @entity10 . Total gastrectomy was performed and the resected specimens showed a diffuse infiltrating @entity2 ( @entity5 ), 11  *  15  cm in size, with multiple lymph node @entity1 . Histopathological examination revealed diffuse infiltration of @entity2 cells throughout the gastric wall and invasion of the serosa. Results of cytology on abdominal lavage were positive for @entity2 cells. Likewise, immunohistochemical staining showed gastric mucin phenotype @entity2 cells positive for @entity9 . In conclusion, it is important to bear in mind that @entity0 with @entity3 , especially chronically active pancolitis, potentially bear the risk of @entity4 .

title: @entity5 following total proctocolectomy for XXXX associated with @entity3 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Here we report a case of advanced @entity5 seen after total proctocolectomy for an early @entity8 associated with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). A 42-year-old @entity0 , diagnosed with @entity3 at the age of 21, had undergone total proctocolectomy at the age of 38 for an early ascending @entity8 . Three years later the @entity0 developed tarry stools and epigastric discomfort. Laboratory data showed @entity6 together with elevated serum @entity9 antibody. Gastric endoscopy showed thickening folds around a lesion in the stomach body. The pathological diagnosis was poorly differentiated @entity7 with @entity10 . Total gastrectomy was performed and the resected specimens showed a diffuse infiltrating @entity2 ( @entity5 ), 11  *  15  cm in size, with multiple lymph node @entity1 . Histopathological examination revealed diffuse infiltration of @entity2 cells throughout the gastric wall and invasion of the serosa. Results of cytology on abdominal lavage were positive for @entity2 cells. Likewise, immunohistochemical staining showed gastric mucin phenotype @entity2 cells positive for @entity9 . In conclusion, it is important to bear in mind that @entity0 with @entity3 , especially chronically active pancolitis, potentially bear the risk of @entity4 .

title: @entity5 following total proctocolectomy for @entity8 associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Here we report a case of advanced @entity5 seen after total proctocolectomy for an early @entity8 associated with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). A 42-year-old @entity0 , diagnosed with @entity3 at the age of 21, had undergone total proctocolectomy at the age of 38 for an early ascending @entity8 . Three years later the @entity0 developed tarry stools and epigastric discomfort. Laboratory data showed @entity6 together with elevated serum @entity9 antibody. Gastric endoscopy showed thickening folds around a lesion in the stomach body. The pathological diagnosis was poorly differentiated @entity7 with @entity10 . Total gastrectomy was performed and the resected specimens showed a diffuse infiltrating @entity2 ( @entity5 ), 11  *  15  cm in size, with multiple lymph node @entity1 . Histopathological examination revealed diffuse infiltration of @entity2 cells throughout the gastric wall and invasion of the serosa. Results of cytology on abdominal lavage were positive for @entity2 cells. Likewise, immunohistochemical staining showed gastric mucin phenotype @entity2 cells positive for @entity9 . In conclusion, it is important to bear in mind that @entity0 with @entity3 , especially chronically active pancolitis, potentially bear the risk of @entity4 .

title: XXXX following total proctocolectomy for @entity8 associated with @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: A surgeon has many options available to @entity6 in the closure of abdominal wall defects in the elective setting. In the emergent setting, active @entity2 or contamination increases the likelihood of @entity2 of permanent prosthetic material and limits the surgical options. In such settings, we have used absorbable mesh (Dexon) as an adjunct to fascial closure until the acute complications resolve. To evaluate the effectiveness of this technique, we reviewed the outcome of such closures in 26 critically ill @entity0 . Between July 1987 and June 1993, 26 @entity0 were identified who had placement of absorbable mesh as part of an emergent laparotomy at a major urban @entity1 center. Through a retrospective chart review, the incidence of complications and outcome of the closure were tabulated. Seven @entity0 were initially operated on for @entity1 . Two of the @entity0 had mesh placement at their initial procedure secondary to @entity3 from @entity1 . The remainder of the @entity0 hd mesh placement during a subsequent laparotomy for complications related to their initial procedure. Indications for these laparotomies included combinations of wound @entity8 , @entity7 , @entity4 , and perforation. Mesh placement in @entity0 with @entity5 created effectively open abdominal wounds that allowed continued abdominal drainage, but required extensive wound care. Despite the absorbable nature of the mesh and often prolonged hospital stay in these ill @entity0 , none of them required reoperation for @entity8 , recurrence of @entity7 , or @entity2 of the mesh.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Use of absorbable mesh as an XXXX in abdominal wall closure in the emergent setting.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Monocyte/macrophages play an important role in the development of @entity2 . Electron microscopic evidence suggests that in the early stages, lipid laden monocytes leave the lesion to reenter the circulation. This reverse monocyte traffic ceases as the lesion develops. We hypothesize that monocyte/macrophages may not be able to exit the lesion and reenter the circulation because of the reduced expression of CD11/CD18 integrins. We have compared CD11b and CD18 expression of peripheral blood monocytes from normal @entity0 (NM  ) to @entity2 -derived macrophages (AthM  ) by anti-CD11b and anti-CD 18 antibody staining, followed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical staining. AthM   were isolated from aortic lesions of @entity0 fed 2 per cent @entity1 diet following balloon angioplasty. AthM   were separated into two regions based on their size and granularity by flow cytometry. All macrophages stained positively with RAM 11. Our results indicated that NM   showed a strong cell surface expression of CD11b and CD18. The less granular and smaller AthM   showed little anti-CD11b or anti-CD18 antibody staining, indicating very little CD11b or CD18 antibody staining, indicating very little CD11b or CD18 expression. The more granular and larger cells showed surface expression of both CD11b and CD18. With respect to CD18, over 90 per cent of NM   expressed CD18, only 37 per cent of the large granular AthM   and less than 1 per cent of the smaller, less granular AthM   stained positive for CD18. Immunohistochemical studies revealed strong surface expression of CD11b and CD18 on normal monocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Down regulation of CD11b and CD18 expression in XXXX -derived macrophages.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Twenty-two @entity0 and 16 @entity0 with a mean age of 67 years were treated for @entity4 by transanal excision. @entity0 presented with @entity6 (63%), change in bowel habits (11%), @entity3 (4%), or were asymptomatic and discovered on screening proctosigmoidoscopy (22%). The @entity1 were located from the anal verge to 8 cm proximally and ranged in size from 1 to 4 cm. Pathologic findings included @entity5 (92%), @entity8 (4%), and @entity9 (4%). Postoperative hospitalization averaged two days (0 to 29 days). One @entity0 died of a perioperative @entity7 for an operative mortality of 3 per cent. Morbidity was 7 per cent and included urinary retention and @entity2 . Postoperative radiation therapy was administered to 11 @entity0 with either undifferentiated @entity1 or invasion into the muscularis propria. Follow-up in these 38 @entity0 averaged 30 months. One @entity0 died of @entity4 , and two @entity0 developed local recurrence that was treated successfully by a low anterior resection or abdominoperineal resection. Transanal excision of @entity4 can be performed in properly selected @entity0 with good overall survival and local control.

title: Transanal excision of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors audit the introduction of laparoscopic splenectomy and laparoscopic intra-abdominal lymph node biopsy and compare outcomes with a parallel cohort of @entity0 undergoing open splenectomy. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Laparoscopic splenectomy was first reported in 1992. It was introduced into clinical practice at the Royal Brisbane Hospital in 1991. Between June 1991 and March 1994, 24 @entity0 have undergone laparoscopic splenectomies and 23 @entity0 have had laparoscopic intra-abdominal lymph node biopsies. METHODS: Laparoscopic splenectomy was performed using a four- or five-port technique. The splenic hilum was secured using a linear stapler cutter, and the spleen was removed after placing it in a laparoscopic bag. Lymph node biopsy was performed using a three- or four-port technique, depending on the site and size of the lymphadenopathy. RESULTS: Laparoscopic splenectomy was completed in 22 @entity0 (92%). Median hospital stay was 3 days (range 2-7 days) and morbidity occurred in two @entity0 (8%). Lymph node biopsy was completed laparoscopically in 21 of 23 @entity0 (91%), with morbidity in two cases (9%). Median hospital stay was 2 days (range 1-6 days), with a diagnostic accuracy of 90%. Comparison with open splenectomy revealed that the laparoscopic approach took significantly longer to perform (p = 0.0002), but resulted in a significantly shorter hospital stay (p = 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS: Both laparoscopic splenectomy and laparoscopic lymph node biopsy currently are used as the treatments of choice for @entity1 in our institution.

title: Laparoscopic splenectomy and lymph node biopsy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Chromaffin cells from the @entity1 adrenal medulla express alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive @entity3 receptors whose subunit composition is unknown. Northern blot analysis showed that the alpha 7 subunit, a main component of these alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive @entity3 receptors in avian and @entity0 brain, is expressed in chromaffin cells. The cDNA of this @entity1 alpha 7 subunit was cloned by polymerase chain reaction amplification of adrenal medulla RNA for detailed characterization of structure and function. The protein-coding region revealed 92% @entity2 sequence identity to @entity0 alpha 7 and 89% to @entity6 alpha 7 subunits. The alpha-bungarotoxin affinity of alpha 7 homomers expressed in @entity5 oocytes was similar to that observed previously with native chromaffin alpha-bungarotoxin-sensitive @entity3 receptors. Cross-linking and @entity4 gradient experiments suggested that, like the muscular and neuronal @entity3 receptors; the alpha 7 receptor has a pentameric structure. Upon activation with nicotinic agonists the alpha 7 receptor exhibited rapidly desensitizing cation currents that were blocked by nicotinic antagonists and showed inward rectification. The amplification of adrenal medulla RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction methods revealed an alternatively spliced isoform of the @entity1 alpha 7 subunit, where the exon that codes for the M2 transmembrane segment was skipped during mRNA processing. Oocyte expression of this isoform does not yield functional channels. However, this alternative mRNA exhibits dose-dependent inhibition of alpha 7 homomer expression when coinjected with the undeleted isoform.

title: alpha-Bungarotoxin-sensitive nicotinic receptors on XXXX chromaffin cells: molecular cloning, functional expression and alternative splicing of the alpha 7 subunit.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two @entity0 , now 5 1/2 and 6 years of age, presented as neonates with @entity9 , @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity4 . Fluctuations and episodic exacerbations of @entity3 necessitated respiratory support. Both @entity0 are developmentally delayed and cannot walk independently, although one @entity0 underwent bilateral tenotomies. Biochemical investigations and electromyography, including slow-rate, repetitive nerve stimulation, were normal. @entity5 receptor antibodies in serum were absent. Single-fiber electromyography with axonal stimulation revealed prolonged mean jitter in the tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum muscles, with more than 2 abnormal individual jitter values in each muscle. Muscle biopsy demonstrated normal pattern and morphology of muscle fibers; immunohistochemical staining for cholinesterase was positive. Electron microscopy revealed @entity10 : @entity2 , flattening of primary synaptic clefts, and paucity of side branches. These findings represent one of the @entity1 (i.e., @entity5 receptor deficiency or paucity of synaptic folds). Both @entity0 improved clinically on @entity11 therapy. Arthrogryposis congenital multiplex due to @entity12 , as diagnosed in our @entity0 , has been reported once before. The diagnosis can be established by clinical history, neurologic examination, and electrophysiologic and pathologic findings. Clinical improvement can be achieved with high-dose anticholinesterase therapy.

title: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita due to XXXX .

answer: @entity12


abstract: PROBLEM: Because shared allogeneic antigens are expressed on peripheral blood lymphocytes, as well as trophoblasts, it has been proposed that lymphocyte transfusions may appropriately sensitize recurrent spontaneous aborters (RSA) to trophoblast and lead to pregnancy conservation. The degree to which these responses are affected by this treatment, however, has not been defined. METHOD: @entity1 - @entity3 gel electrophoresis ( @entity1 -PAGE) and Western blot analyses were used to study the alloantibody responses in RSA @entity0 both before and after immunization with paternal leukocytes (MNC) against membrane proteins isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC), first trimester and full term chorionic villi (CV). RESULTS: A distinct set of antigens with apparent molecular weights of 32, 36, 41, 63, 65, and 85 kDa was identified in both MNC and trophoblast membranes by rabbit anti-trophoblast antisera. In addition, a 55 kDa protein was recognized by MNC membranes. Thirty-eight percent of primary RSA sera recognized this 55 kDa protein. After paternal MNC immunization, all primary RSA samples displayed increased reactivity or produced antibodies to this 55 kDa protein when compared with preimmunization sera. The protein was identified as @entity2 using a rabbit polyclonal anti- @entity2 antisera. In contrast, reactivity to the other antigens present in the membrane preparations decreased after paternal MNC immunization. CONCLUSION: Changes in immune reactivity in RSA @entity0 after paternal MNC immunization suggest that immunization alters serum immune reactivity to MNC and trophoblast shared antigens.

title: Alloantibody responses to antigens recognized by rabbit antitrophoblast antisera in trophoblast and mononuclear cell (MNC) membranes by primary aborting XXXX before and after paternal leukocyte immunization.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) based on acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging has been developed as a noninvasive bedside method for the assessment of liver stiffness. In this study, we examined the diagnostic performance of ARFI imaging in 103 @entity0 , focusing on the difference in @entity4 values between the @entity2 . METHODS: We evaluated @entity4 values of the right and left lobes in 79 @entity0 with chronic @entity2 who underwent histological examination of liver @entity1 and in 24 healthy volunteers. The diagnostic accuracy of @entity4 was compared with several serum markers, including hyaluronic acid, type 4 collagen, and @entity3 transaminase to platelet ratio index. RESULTS: The @entity4 values (meters per second) in the right and left lobes were 1.61    0.51 and 1.90    0.68, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The @entity4 values in both liver lobes were correlated significantly with histological @entity1 grades (P < 0.001). The standard deviations of the @entity4 values in the right lobe were significantly lower than those in the left lobe (P < 0.001). The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for the diagnosis of @entity1 (F >=  3) using @entity4 values in both liver lobes was superior to serum markers, especially in the right lobe. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 is an accurate and reliable tool for the assessment of liver @entity1 . @entity4 of the right lobe was more accurate for diagnosing liver @entity1 than in the left lobe.

title: New method for assessing liver XXXX based on acoustic radiation force impulse: a special reference to the difference between right and left liver.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Hybrid crosses were performed between SWR/J, a strain highly sensitive to @entity3 ( @entity4 ), and AKR/J, a strain highly resistant to the carcinogen. F1 and F2 and reciprocal backcrosses were tested to determine if proliferative characteristics such as high activity, wide compartment (PC), and a large S-phase population in the middle third of crypts were linked to susceptibility and inherited as a dominant autosomal trait as was reported for @entity4 @entity0 response. A blend of resistant and sensitive @entity0 and proliferative characteristics was observed in the F1 and F2 crosses. A @entity0 incidence of 43.7% in the F1 and 52% in the F2 was obtained rather than the respective 100% and 75% expected frequencies. One week after the sixth injection of @entity4 , the incidence of focal areas of atypism (FAA) in the backcross to resistance (BCR) and the backcross to sensitivity (BCS) was the same (4.1 per FAA-bearing animal). This suggested that the response to the carcinogen was similar in both groups up to this point. Yet 20 weeks later, the BCR had a 7.3% @entity0 incidence, far lower than the 50% incidence expected. The BCS had an incidence of 98.6%, not unlike SWR frequencies and close to the expected 100% @entity0 incidence. Proliferative characteristics in the backcrosses, however, did not revert to parental levels. Instead, the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or percentage of S-phase cells to total cells scored was significantly higher in the BCR than in the BCS (10.2% +/- 3.2% versus 8.1% +/- 2.2%, P less than 0.02). This study has shown that in crosses between these two strains (SWR/J and AKR/J), susceptibility to @entity4 -induced @entity0 is not inherited as a dominant trait. Neither are the proliferative characteristics of the colonic mucosa inherited in a simple Mendelian manner nor are the kinetic properties of the epithelial cells linked to @entity4 @entity0 susceptibility. It is suggested that the parental AKR/J strain may contribute a protective or resistant factor, that is, a repressor gene, which impedes the progression of carcinogen-induced foci of @entity1 .

title: Susceptibility to @entity3 -induced XXXX and epithelial cell proliferation characteristics of F1, F2, and reciprocal backcrosses derived from SWR/J and AKR/J parental mouse strains.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Hybrid crosses were performed between SWR/J, a strain highly sensitive to @entity3 ( @entity4 ), and AKR/J, a strain highly resistant to the carcinogen. F1 and F2 and reciprocal backcrosses were tested to determine if proliferative characteristics such as high activity, wide compartment (PC), and a large S-phase population in the middle third of crypts were linked to susceptibility and inherited as a dominant autosomal trait as was reported for @entity4 @entity0 response. A blend of resistant and sensitive @entity0 and proliferative characteristics was observed in the F1 and F2 crosses. A @entity0 incidence of 43.7% in the F1 and 52% in the F2 was obtained rather than the respective 100% and 75% expected frequencies. One week after the sixth injection of @entity4 , the incidence of focal areas of atypism (FAA) in the backcross to resistance (BCR) and the backcross to sensitivity (BCS) was the same (4.1 per FAA-bearing animal). This suggested that the response to the carcinogen was similar in both groups up to this point. Yet 20 weeks later, the BCR had a 7.3% @entity0 incidence, far lower than the 50% incidence expected. The BCS had an incidence of 98.6%, not unlike SWR frequencies and close to the expected 100% @entity0 incidence. Proliferative characteristics in the backcrosses, however, did not revert to parental levels. Instead, the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or percentage of S-phase cells to total cells scored was significantly higher in the BCR than in the BCS (10.2% +/- 3.2% versus 8.1% +/- 2.2%, P less than 0.02). This study has shown that in crosses between these two strains (SWR/J and AKR/J), susceptibility to @entity4 -induced @entity0 is not inherited as a dominant trait. Neither are the proliferative characteristics of the colonic mucosa inherited in a simple Mendelian manner nor are the kinetic properties of the epithelial cells linked to @entity4 @entity0 susceptibility. It is suggested that the parental AKR/J strain may contribute a protective or resistant factor, that is, a repressor gene, which impedes the progression of carcinogen-induced foci of @entity1 .

title: Susceptibility to XXXX -induced @entity1 and epithelial cell proliferation characteristics of F1, F2, and reciprocal backcrosses derived from SWR/J and AKR/J parental mouse strains.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The development of a pharyngocutaneous fistulae is a major complication after total laryngectomy. In Denmark radiotherapy is the primary treatment for all @entity2 . Based on the experience with conventional daily irradiation, a split-course radiation schedule was introduced in 1978. The charts of 106 consecutive @entity0 laryngectomized for recurrence in the years 1975 to 1984 were examined. Thirty-four @entity0 developed a @entity3 . An evaluation of the different radiotherapy schedules used during this period allowed a dose-response curve to be constructed. It showed a pronounced increase of fistulae with high doses of radiotherapy. Split-course radiotherapy caused a @entity4 and did not improve @entity1 control. Large field sizes increased the number of fistulae. High-dose fractions showed a surprisingly high incidence of late complications. Prophylactic @entity5 (introduced in 1980) resulted in a highly significant decrease in the frequency of postoperative fistulae. @entity0 in whom @entity3 formed were hospitalized for an average of 54 days, @entity0 without, for 22 days.

title: Pharyngo-cutaneous fistulae after laryngectomy. Influence of previous radiotherapy and prophylactic XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: 1. @entity1 , after purification by using high-density sucrose solutions, were extracted with @entity5 . The total hexokinase activity of the intact mitochondria was increased by 50-80% in the Triton extracts. 2. @entity5 was removed from mitochondrial extracts by a combination of @entity4 fractionation and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Mitochondrial hexokinase remained soluble after removal of extractant. 3. The behaviour of solubilized mitochondrial hexokinase was compared with soluble cytoplasmic hexokinase from the same samples of cerebral cortex on identical columns of @entity6 -cellulose. Two peaks were eluted from each source of hexokinase. The distribution between hexokinase peaks was similar for the two sources. Peak I (approx. 80% of the total hexokinase) from each was eluted at identical concentrations of @entity3 and slight differences were observed in the elution profiles for peak II. 4. The purified mitochondrial hexokinase showed the following kinetic properties: peak I, K(m)( @entity2 ) 0.60mm, K(m)( @entity0 ) 0.042mm; peak II, K(m)( @entity2 ) 0.66mm, K(m)( @entity0 ) 0.043mm. The purified cytoplasmic hexokinase Michaelis constants were: peak I, K(m)( @entity2 ) 0.56mm, K(m)( @entity0 ) 0.048mm; peak II, K(m)( @entity2 ) 0.68mm, K(m)( @entity0 ) 0.062mm. 5. Although no significant differences between mitochondrial and cytoplasmic hexokinases were noted in chromatographic behaviour or in the kinetic properties studied, the purified mitochondrial enzyme was activated slightly (approx. 20%) by @entity5 , in contrast with the cytoplasmic enzyme, which was not affected. 6. The results, taken to indicate basic similarity between mitochondrial and cytoplasmic hexokinases, are discussed in relation to the role of the two sources of enzyme in the metabolism of the tissue.

title: XXXX . Comparison of properties of solubilized mitochondrial and cytoplasmic activities.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 can be histologically classified into two groups, low-grade ( @entity5 ) and high-grade ( @entity5 ); however, their natural history is poorly understood. We have studied a large retrospective series aiming to confirm whether the histological groups confer different clinical features and behavior and to analyze the prognostic factors in these @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A series of 143 gastric B-cell @entity4 is reported. Eighty-four were @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and 59 were @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Median follow-up was 36 months. The clinical and analytical parameters of the 84 @entity5 @entity0 were compared with those of the 59 @entity5 @entity0 . In the @entity0 who had been operated on, the pathological features (macroscopical patterns, @entity1 size, involvement of resection margins, degree of parietal invasion and involvement of abdominal lymph nodes and adjacent viscera) of the @entity5 @entity0 were compared with those of the @entity5 @entity0 . The sites of relapses were studied. In the 132 treated and followed-up @entity0 the influence of the treatment and that of clinical, analytical and pathological features on survival were investigated with the Kaplan and Meier and log-rank tests. To identify the factors with independent influence on survival, a Cox model was fitted for the whole series and separately for 53 @entity5 @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity5 group differed from the @entity5 group by a significantly higher frequency of @entity2 at presentation, palpable abdominal mass, @entity3 , @entity6 , elevated serum LDH, higher incidence of stage III-IV and @entity1 /mass patterns in the endoscopy and in the gastrectomy specimen. The @entity1 was significantly larger in the @entity5 group than in the @entity5 and the deeper invasion of the gastric wall, the higher frequency of infiltration of the abdominal lymph nodes and the visceral extension were also significant in the @entity5 group. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 91% of the @entity0 of the @entity5 group, but was significantly lower, 70%, in the @entity5 group. Relapses occurred in the stomach and also in non-MALT sites. In 132 treated and followed-up patients, elevated serum LDH, absence of CR, @entity5 group and stage III-IV were associated with a worse survival. In the Cox multivariate model, stage was the only variable influencing survival, although stage was related to the histological grade. In the @entity5 group, stage was also an independent significant risk factor, whereas treatment with surgery, chemotherapy or both was not. In the 103 @entity0 treated with surgery, a worse survival was associated with the involvement of the resection borders, depth of the infiltration of the gastric wall, dissemination to distant abdominal nodes and adjacent organs, but not with the addition of chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Histological classification into @entity5 and @entity5 separates distinctive groups of @entity7 that show striking clinical and prognostic differences. Besides histological grade, stage is the most important prognostic feature.

title: Gastric B-cell mucosa-associated XXXX . Clinicopathological study and evaluation of the prognostic factors in 143 @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 can be histologically classified into two groups, low-grade ( @entity5 ) and high-grade ( @entity5 ); however, their natural history is poorly understood. We have studied a large retrospective series aiming to confirm whether the histological groups confer different clinical features and behavior and to analyze the prognostic factors in these @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A series of 143 gastric B-cell @entity4 is reported. Eighty-four were @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and 59 were @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Median follow-up was 36 months. The clinical and analytical parameters of the 84 @entity5 @entity0 were compared with those of the 59 @entity5 @entity0 . In the @entity0 who had been operated on, the pathological features (macroscopical patterns, @entity1 size, involvement of resection margins, degree of parietal invasion and involvement of abdominal lymph nodes and adjacent viscera) of the @entity5 @entity0 were compared with those of the @entity5 @entity0 . The sites of relapses were studied. In the 132 treated and followed-up @entity0 the influence of the treatment and that of clinical, analytical and pathological features on survival were investigated with the Kaplan and Meier and log-rank tests. To identify the factors with independent influence on survival, a Cox model was fitted for the whole series and separately for 53 @entity5 @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity5 group differed from the @entity5 group by a significantly higher frequency of @entity2 at presentation, palpable abdominal mass, @entity3 , @entity6 , elevated serum LDH, higher incidence of stage III-IV and @entity1 /mass patterns in the endoscopy and in the gastrectomy specimen. The @entity1 was significantly larger in the @entity5 group than in the @entity5 and the deeper invasion of the gastric wall, the higher frequency of infiltration of the abdominal lymph nodes and the visceral extension were also significant in the @entity5 group. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 91% of the @entity0 of the @entity5 group, but was significantly lower, 70%, in the @entity5 group. Relapses occurred in the stomach and also in non-MALT sites. In 132 treated and followed-up patients, elevated serum LDH, absence of CR, @entity5 group and stage III-IV were associated with a worse survival. In the Cox multivariate model, stage was the only variable influencing survival, although stage was related to the histological grade. In the @entity5 group, stage was also an independent significant risk factor, whereas treatment with surgery, chemotherapy or both was not. In the 103 @entity0 treated with surgery, a worse survival was associated with the involvement of the resection borders, depth of the infiltration of the gastric wall, dissemination to distant abdominal nodes and adjacent organs, but not with the addition of chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Histological classification into @entity5 and @entity5 separates distinctive groups of @entity7 that show striking clinical and prognostic differences. Besides histological grade, stage is the most important prognostic feature.

title: Gastric B-cell mucosa-associated @entity4 . Clinicopathological study and evaluation of the prognostic factors in 143 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Clinical and epidemiological features of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were studied in a series comprising all the 212 @entity2 @entity0 treated at Oulu University Central Hospital from 1964 to 1984. Altogether 294 @entity2 @entity0 and relatives were examined ophthalmologically by the author. The prevalence rate of @entity2 needing ophthalmic care was estimated to be 0.03% (75/260,000). The annual incidence was 0.0015% (75/260,000 per 20 years) and remained the same throughout the period studied. 62.7% (133) of the @entity0 were male and 37.3% (79) female. 73% were aged 24 years or younger at the onset of symptoms, the mean age of the males at the first examination being 26.5 +/- 8.2 years, and that of the females 30.6 +/- 13.7 years. Corneal transplantation was carried out on 65 of the 144 @entity0 coming from the area served by Oulu University Central Hospital. Familial @entity2 was found in 19 of the 101 families investigated in the north of Finland (19%) and in 5 of the 58 from the south (9%). The higher frequency of familial @entity2 in the north is probably due to the more pronounced effect of gene pooling in the larger families (mean family size 4.9 @entity0 as compared with 3.5 in the south). The inheritance was found to be attributable to a dominant autosomal mode in 24 out of 28 multiple-case families (85%), the disease being inherited from the mother in 15 cases and the father in 9. Data on the order of birth of keratoconic @entity0 were obtained from 159 families. 169 out of a total of 688 @entity0 were affected (25%). If families with only one @entity0 were excluded, then 47 of the 149 first @entity0 (32%) and 44 of the 149 second @entity0 (30%) had @entity2 . Thus the disease is characterized by incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. 122 HLA-A,B,C antigen typings were performed in 18 multiple-case families and the HLA genotypes expressed as haplotypes. In 15 families with more than one @entity0 affected, 27 keratoconic @entity0 were noted to share the mutual haplotype with the affected parent, whereas 3 had inherited the mutual haplotype from the healthy parent (p less than 0.001). The HLA haplotype could thus serve as a marker for @entity2 inside the family. Connective tissue symptoms and @entity1 were seen in 31 out of 46 @entity2 @entity0 (67%) and in 60 out of 122 first-degree relatives from the town of Oulu and its surroundings (49%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Clinical and epidemiological features of XXXX genetic and external factors in the pathogenesis of the disease.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the preoperative signs and symptoms with the histologic diagnosis and postoperative healing at 12 months for 178 @entity4 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 152 @entity0 who had undergone periapical surgery from 2005 to 2008 were studied. The study included @entity0 presenting with signs and symptoms before periapical surgery with a sufficient tissue sample (periapical lesion) for histologic analysis and a minimal follow-up of 12 months. The signs and symptoms present in the soft tissues at the initial examination were recorded. The histologic analysis established the diagnosis as @entity3 , cyst, or scar tissue. The postoperative healing at 12 months was evaluated according to the criteria of von @entity6 and Kurt. RESULTS: Of the 152 @entity0 , 147, with 178 @entity4 , were included in the present study. No significant relationship was found between the preoperative signs and symptoms, lesion type, and evolution. However, scar tissues were asymptomatic in 78.1%, and 36.4% of @entity3 were @entity2 . Of the 8 cysts, 50% were asymptomatic and 50% caused @entity2 . @entity1 created no soft tissue alterations in 68.7%. @entity3 had fistulized in 31.7%, and 75% of cysts had produced no alterations. The lesions with swelling had worse healing, and those with no soft tissue alterations had better postoperative healing. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic @entity4 ( @entity3 , @entity5 ) are usually asymptomatic and do not create soft tissue alterations. However, they can deteriorate, producing @entity2 and fistulization. Worse postoperative healing was observed for lesions with swelling, although the difference was not significant.

title: Symptoms before periapical surgery related to histologic diagnosis and postoperative healing at 12 months for 178 XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Continent catheterizable @entity7 require regular irrigations to reduce the risk of @entity2 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to compare the UTI rate, @entity0 friendliness, and costs of standard sterile irrigation versus irrigation with tap water. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Twenty-three @entity0 participated in a prospective randomized two-arm crossover single-center trial. Aseptic intermittent self-catheterization (ISC) combined with sterile @entity5 ( @entity3 ) 0.9% irrigation was compared with clean ISC and irrigation with tap water ( @entity4 ) during two study periods of 90 d each. INTERVENTION: @entity0 underwent daily pouch irrigations with @entity3 0.9% solution or tap water. MEASUREMENTS: Urine @entity6 dipstick tests were evaluated daily; urine culture (UC) and @entity0 friendliness were evaluated monthly. Costs were documented. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: A total of 3916 study days with @entity6 testing and irrigation were analyzed, 1876 (48%) in the @entity3 arm and 2040 (52%) in the @entity4 arm. In the @entity3 arm, 418 study days (22%) with @entity6 -positive dipsticks were recorded, 219 d (11%) in the @entity4 arm, significantly fewer (p=0.01). Of the 149 UCs, 96 (64%) were positive, 48 in each arm, revealing a total of 16 different germs. All @entity0 preferred the @entity4 method. Monthly costs were up to 20 times lower in the @entity4 arm. CONCLUSIONS: Pouch irrigation with sterile @entity3 0.9% solution and tap water had comparable rates of positive UC. Irrigation with tap water significantly lowered the incidence of @entity6 -positive study days and was substantially less costly and more @entity0 friendly than @entity3 irrigation. We therefore recommend the use of tap water (or bottled water) instead of sterile @entity3 0.9% solution for daily irrigation of continent catheterizable @entity7 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12610000618055, http://www.ANZCTR.org.au/ACTRN12610000618055.aspx.

title: Irrigation of continent catheterizable XXXX : tap water can replace sterile solutions because it is safe, easy, and economical.

answer: @entity7


abstract: To determine the potential role of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in cirrhotic @entity0 surviving a first episode of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), medical records of 79 @entity0 presenting with a first episode of @entity3 were reviewed. Of these @entity0 , 37 were selected as potential candidates for OLT using the following criteria: absence of @entity1 ; no severe organ failure other than the liver; age < or = 66 years; and survival after @entity3 > 60 days. Survival time was calculated from the day of @entity3 diagnosis. Prognostic value of clinical, biological and bacteriological data recorded at the time of @entity3 was determined using univariate and multivariate analysis (Cox's regression model). Survival rate of the potential candidates for OLT at 3 months, 1 year and 2 years was 94, 46 and 30% respectively. Serum @entity5 value (P = 0.001) and Pugh score (P = 0.005) were independently correlated with @entity2 . The 1 year survival rate was 80% for the 11 @entity0 with a Pugh score < 10, and 26% for the 26 @entity0 with a Pugh score > or = 10. Our results suggest that after @entity3 , OLT should be considered in @entity0 with severe @entity4 . Survival of @entity0 with a moderate @entity4 (i.e. Pugh score < 10) might be relatively high.

title: Survival after a first episode of XXXX . Prognosis of potential candidates for orthotopic liver transplantation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of @entity5 is associated with changes of several components of arterial wall. Vascular glycosaminoglycans contribute to the non-thrombogenic activity of blood vessels. We investigated whether modifications of glycosaminoglycans in @entity0 @entity5 affect their anticoagulant properties. METHODS: Glycosaminoglycans were extracted from @entity5 (n=11) derived from reconstitution surgeries, @entity0 abdominal aortas (n=9) from normal organ transplant donors and from preserved (n=10) and @entity4 (n=17) segments obtained from autopsy of an old @entity0 . Glycosaminoglycan composition, concentration and anticoagulant activity were determined. RESULTS: Glycosaminoglycans extracted from @entity1 have a more potent anticoagulant activity than those from normal arteries of young adults, mostly due to a relative enrichment of dermatan @entity3 , which potentiates heparin cofactor II inhibition of @entity2 . Arterial segments of aged @entity0 with severe @entity4 showed a glycosaminoglycan composition similar to @entity1 samples. Glycosaminoglycans extracted from these regions showed also a more potent heparin cofactor II-dependent anticoagulant activity than lesion-free areas due to the relative enrichment of dermatan @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The anticoagulant activity from @entity5 is preserved. No modifications particular to the @entity1 were dissociated from those observed in @entity4 .

title: The dermatan @entity3 -dependent anticoagulant pathway is mostly preserved in XXXX and in severe @entity4 while the heparan @entity3 pathway is disrupted.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of @entity5 is associated with changes of several components of arterial wall. Vascular glycosaminoglycans contribute to the non-thrombogenic activity of blood vessels. We investigated whether modifications of glycosaminoglycans in @entity0 @entity5 affect their anticoagulant properties. METHODS: Glycosaminoglycans were extracted from @entity5 (n=11) derived from reconstitution surgeries, @entity0 abdominal aortas (n=9) from normal organ transplant donors and from preserved (n=10) and @entity4 (n=17) segments obtained from autopsy of an old @entity0 . Glycosaminoglycan composition, concentration and anticoagulant activity were determined. RESULTS: Glycosaminoglycans extracted from @entity1 have a more potent anticoagulant activity than those from normal arteries of young adults, mostly due to a relative enrichment of dermatan @entity3 , which potentiates heparin cofactor II inhibition of @entity2 . Arterial segments of aged @entity0 with severe @entity4 showed a glycosaminoglycan composition similar to @entity1 samples. Glycosaminoglycans extracted from these regions showed also a more potent heparin cofactor II-dependent anticoagulant activity than lesion-free areas due to the relative enrichment of dermatan @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The anticoagulant activity from @entity5 is preserved. No modifications particular to the @entity1 were dissociated from those observed in @entity4 .

title: The dermatan XXXX -dependent anticoagulant pathway is mostly preserved in @entity1 and in severe @entity4 while the heparan @entity3 pathway is disrupted.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of @entity5 is associated with changes of several components of arterial wall. Vascular glycosaminoglycans contribute to the non-thrombogenic activity of blood vessels. We investigated whether modifications of glycosaminoglycans in @entity0 @entity5 affect their anticoagulant properties. METHODS: Glycosaminoglycans were extracted from @entity5 (n=11) derived from reconstitution surgeries, @entity0 abdominal aortas (n=9) from normal organ transplant donors and from preserved (n=10) and @entity4 (n=17) segments obtained from autopsy of an old @entity0 . Glycosaminoglycan composition, concentration and anticoagulant activity were determined. RESULTS: Glycosaminoglycans extracted from @entity1 have a more potent anticoagulant activity than those from normal arteries of young adults, mostly due to a relative enrichment of dermatan @entity3 , which potentiates heparin cofactor II inhibition of @entity2 . Arterial segments of aged @entity0 with severe @entity4 showed a glycosaminoglycan composition similar to @entity1 samples. Glycosaminoglycans extracted from these regions showed also a more potent heparin cofactor II-dependent anticoagulant activity than lesion-free areas due to the relative enrichment of dermatan @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The anticoagulant activity from @entity5 is preserved. No modifications particular to the @entity1 were dissociated from those observed in @entity4 .

title: The dermatan @entity3 -dependent anticoagulant pathway is mostly preserved in @entity1 and in severe @entity4 while the heparan XXXX pathway is disrupted.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of @entity5 is associated with changes of several components of arterial wall. Vascular glycosaminoglycans contribute to the non-thrombogenic activity of blood vessels. We investigated whether modifications of glycosaminoglycans in @entity0 @entity5 affect their anticoagulant properties. METHODS: Glycosaminoglycans were extracted from @entity5 (n=11) derived from reconstitution surgeries, @entity0 abdominal aortas (n=9) from normal organ transplant donors and from preserved (n=10) and @entity4 (n=17) segments obtained from autopsy of an old @entity0 . Glycosaminoglycan composition, concentration and anticoagulant activity were determined. RESULTS: Glycosaminoglycans extracted from @entity1 have a more potent anticoagulant activity than those from normal arteries of young adults, mostly due to a relative enrichment of dermatan @entity3 , which potentiates heparin cofactor II inhibition of @entity2 . Arterial segments of aged @entity0 with severe @entity4 showed a glycosaminoglycan composition similar to @entity1 samples. Glycosaminoglycans extracted from these regions showed also a more potent heparin cofactor II-dependent anticoagulant activity than lesion-free areas due to the relative enrichment of dermatan @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The anticoagulant activity from @entity5 is preserved. No modifications particular to the @entity1 were dissociated from those observed in @entity4 .

title: The dermatan @entity3 -dependent anticoagulant pathway is mostly preserved in @entity1 and in severe XXXX while the heparan @entity3 pathway is disrupted.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A group study was conducted to investigate the effect of intra-hepatic arterial administration of @entity5 in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Sixty-four @entity0 were entered into the study. There were 51 males and 13 females, with an age range from 32 to 79 years, the average being 59.1 years. Fifty-four @entity0 had associated @entity7 . @entity5 at a dose of 60-90 mg/m2 was infused as a bolus into the hepatic artery 1 to 4 times (average 1.8) at an interval of 3 weeks to 3 months. @entity1 size was properly evaluated in 53 @entity0 . There were 1 CR, 7 PR, 7 MR, 27 NC, and 11 @entity9 . Thus, the response rate (CR + PR) was 15.1%. Seventeen @entity0 are still alive 305 to 720 days (mean 505 days) after the initial treatment. The most common side effects of this drug were @entity3 , and @entity8 . @entity6 was negligible at the doses used in this study. A retrospective comparison of the present results with those for @entity0 treated by intra-arterial administration of @entity4 demonstrated that @entity5 is more effective than @entity4 in terms of survival rate. The current study indicates that @entity5 may be a promising alternative in the treatment of @entity2 . The appropriate dosage of the drug and the interval for infusion are to be elucidated. Also, the combination of @entity5 with other cytostatic drugs is open for study.

title: [Intra-arterial administration of XXXX in the treatment of @entity2 . @entity5 Study Group for @entity2 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: A group study was conducted to investigate the effect of intra-hepatic arterial administration of @entity5 in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Sixty-four @entity0 were entered into the study. There were 51 males and 13 females, with an age range from 32 to 79 years, the average being 59.1 years. Fifty-four @entity0 had associated @entity7 . @entity5 at a dose of 60-90 mg/m2 was infused as a bolus into the hepatic artery 1 to 4 times (average 1.8) at an interval of 3 weeks to 3 months. @entity1 size was properly evaluated in 53 @entity0 . There were 1 CR, 7 PR, 7 MR, 27 NC, and 11 @entity9 . Thus, the response rate (CR + PR) was 15.1%. Seventeen @entity0 are still alive 305 to 720 days (mean 505 days) after the initial treatment. The most common side effects of this drug were @entity3 , and @entity8 . @entity6 was negligible at the doses used in this study. A retrospective comparison of the present results with those for @entity0 treated by intra-arterial administration of @entity4 demonstrated that @entity5 is more effective than @entity4 in terms of survival rate. The current study indicates that @entity5 may be a promising alternative in the treatment of @entity2 . The appropriate dosage of the drug and the interval for infusion are to be elucidated. Also, the combination of @entity5 with other cytostatic drugs is open for study.

title: [Intra-arterial administration of @entity5 in the treatment of @entity2 . XXXX Study Group for @entity2 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: A group study was conducted to investigate the effect of intra-hepatic arterial administration of @entity5 in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Sixty-four @entity0 were entered into the study. There were 51 males and 13 females, with an age range from 32 to 79 years, the average being 59.1 years. Fifty-four @entity0 had associated @entity7 . @entity5 at a dose of 60-90 mg/m2 was infused as a bolus into the hepatic artery 1 to 4 times (average 1.8) at an interval of 3 weeks to 3 months. @entity1 size was properly evaluated in 53 @entity0 . There were 1 CR, 7 PR, 7 MR, 27 NC, and 11 @entity9 . Thus, the response rate (CR + PR) was 15.1%. Seventeen @entity0 are still alive 305 to 720 days (mean 505 days) after the initial treatment. The most common side effects of this drug were @entity3 , and @entity8 . @entity6 was negligible at the doses used in this study. A retrospective comparison of the present results with those for @entity0 treated by intra-arterial administration of @entity4 demonstrated that @entity5 is more effective than @entity4 in terms of survival rate. The current study indicates that @entity5 may be a promising alternative in the treatment of @entity2 . The appropriate dosage of the drug and the interval for infusion are to be elucidated. Also, the combination of @entity5 with other cytostatic drugs is open for study.

title: [Intra-arterial administration of @entity5 in the treatment of XXXX . @entity5 Study Group for @entity2 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: A group study was conducted to investigate the effect of intra-hepatic arterial administration of @entity5 in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Sixty-four @entity0 were entered into the study. There were 51 males and 13 females, with an age range from 32 to 79 years, the average being 59.1 years. Fifty-four @entity0 had associated @entity7 . @entity5 at a dose of 60-90 mg/m2 was infused as a bolus into the hepatic artery 1 to 4 times (average 1.8) at an interval of 3 weeks to 3 months. @entity1 size was properly evaluated in 53 @entity0 . There were 1 CR, 7 PR, 7 MR, 27 NC, and 11 @entity9 . Thus, the response rate (CR + PR) was 15.1%. Seventeen @entity0 are still alive 305 to 720 days (mean 505 days) after the initial treatment. The most common side effects of this drug were @entity3 , and @entity8 . @entity6 was negligible at the doses used in this study. A retrospective comparison of the present results with those for @entity0 treated by intra-arterial administration of @entity4 demonstrated that @entity5 is more effective than @entity4 in terms of survival rate. The current study indicates that @entity5 may be a promising alternative in the treatment of @entity2 . The appropriate dosage of the drug and the interval for infusion are to be elucidated. Also, the combination of @entity5 with other cytostatic drugs is open for study.

title: [Intra-arterial administration of @entity5 in the treatment of @entity2 . @entity5 Study Group for XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate whether the miscibility of a drug and coformer, as predicted by Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs), can indicate @entity1 and guide cocrystal screening. It was also our aim to evaluate various HSPs-based approaches in miscibility prediction. HSPs for @entity0 (the model drug) and over thirty coformers were calculated according to the group contribution method. Differences in the HSPs between @entity0 and each coformer were then calculated using three established approaches, and the miscibility was predicted. Subsequently, differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the experimental miscibility and @entity1 . The formation of cocrystals was also verified using liquid-assisted grinding. All except one of the drug-coformers that were predicted to be miscible were confirmed experimentally as miscible. All tested theoretical approaches were in agreement in predicting miscibility. All systems that formed cocrystals were miscible. Remarkably, two new cocrystals of @entity0 were discovered in this study. Though it may be necessary to test this approach in a wide range of different coformer and drug compound types for accurate generalizations, the trends with tested systems were clear and suggest that the drug and coformer should be miscible for @entity1 . Thus, predicting the miscibility of cocrystal components using solubility parameters can guide the selection of potential coformers prior to exhaustive cocrystal screening work.

title: Hansen solubility parameter as a tool to predict XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A multicenter randomized study was conducted to compare the effect of interferon-alpha ( @entity3 ) with that of @entity2 in newly diagnosed @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in chronic phase. From October 1988 to October 1991, 170 @entity0 were randomized to receive either @entity3 or @entity2 . Of 159 eligible @entity0 , 31 (38.8%) of 80 @entity0 in the @entity3 group and 43 (54.4%) of 79 @entity0 in the @entity2 group achieved complete hematologic remission, and 38.8% in the @entity3 group and 43.0% in the @entity2 group achieved partial hematologic remission. A complete cytogenetic response was induced in seven (8.8%) of 80 @entity0 treated with @entity3 and two (2.5%) of 79 @entity0 treated with @entity2 , and a partial cytogenetic response was 7.5% (6/80) and 2.5% (2/79), respectively. The difference in major (complete and partial) cytogenetic response between the two groups was significant (P = .046). At a median follow-up of 50 months, the predicted 5-year survival rate was 54% in the @entity3 group and 32% in the @entity2 group (P = .0290), and the predicted 5-year rate of remaining in chronic phase was 41% in the @entity3 group and 29% in the @entity2 group (P = .1165). As compared with the @entity0 with no cytogenetic response, the @entity0 with any cytogenetic response (complete, partial or minor) after the @entity3 or @entity2 treatment were significantly superior in the duration of chronic phase ( @entity3 group; P = .0017, @entity2 group; P = .0010) even after correction for the time to response using the landmark analysis. However, there was no significant difference in survival rate in the @entity3 group (P = .1065). There was no significant difference in survival rate (P = .3923) and the duration of chronic phase (P = .6258) between the @entity3 and the @entity2 group in the @entity0 with a cytogenetic response (complete, partial or minor). These results demonstrate that @entity3 treatment produces a significantly superior cytogenetic response and survival rate as compared with the @entity2 treatment, and unexpectedly, that @entity2 can also eliminate Philadelphia chromosome positive clone in a few @entity0 who showed prolonged survival rate and duration of chronic phase.

title: A randomized trial comparing interferon-alpha with @entity2 for newly diagnosed XXXX in chronic phase.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A multicenter randomized study was conducted to compare the effect of interferon-alpha ( @entity3 ) with that of @entity2 in newly diagnosed @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in chronic phase. From October 1988 to October 1991, 170 @entity0 were randomized to receive either @entity3 or @entity2 . Of 159 eligible @entity0 , 31 (38.8%) of 80 @entity0 in the @entity3 group and 43 (54.4%) of 79 @entity0 in the @entity2 group achieved complete hematologic remission, and 38.8% in the @entity3 group and 43.0% in the @entity2 group achieved partial hematologic remission. A complete cytogenetic response was induced in seven (8.8%) of 80 @entity0 treated with @entity3 and two (2.5%) of 79 @entity0 treated with @entity2 , and a partial cytogenetic response was 7.5% (6/80) and 2.5% (2/79), respectively. The difference in major (complete and partial) cytogenetic response between the two groups was significant (P = .046). At a median follow-up of 50 months, the predicted 5-year survival rate was 54% in the @entity3 group and 32% in the @entity2 group (P = .0290), and the predicted 5-year rate of remaining in chronic phase was 41% in the @entity3 group and 29% in the @entity2 group (P = .1165). As compared with the @entity0 with no cytogenetic response, the @entity0 with any cytogenetic response (complete, partial or minor) after the @entity3 or @entity2 treatment were significantly superior in the duration of chronic phase ( @entity3 group; P = .0017, @entity2 group; P = .0010) even after correction for the time to response using the landmark analysis. However, there was no significant difference in survival rate in the @entity3 group (P = .1065). There was no significant difference in survival rate (P = .3923) and the duration of chronic phase (P = .6258) between the @entity3 and the @entity2 group in the @entity0 with a cytogenetic response (complete, partial or minor). These results demonstrate that @entity3 treatment produces a significantly superior cytogenetic response and survival rate as compared with the @entity2 treatment, and unexpectedly, that @entity2 can also eliminate Philadelphia chromosome positive clone in a few @entity0 who showed prolonged survival rate and duration of chronic phase.

title: A randomized trial comparing interferon-alpha with XXXX for newly diagnosed @entity1 in chronic phase.

answer: @entity2


abstract: New factors that influence the viral response in @entity3 non-genotype 2/3 @entity0 must be identified in order to optimize anti-HCV treatment. This multicenter prospective study evaluates the influence of @entity3 variability and pharmacological parameters on the virological response of these @entity0 to pegylated interferon a2a (peg-IFN-a2a: 180   g/week) and @entity4 ( @entity5 ; 800-1,200 mg/day) for 48 weeks. @entity3 subtypes were identified by sequencing the NS5B region. Serum RBV and peg- @entity2 2a concentrations were measured at weeks 4 and 12. The 115 @entity0 (67 @entity0 ; median age = 49, range 31-76) included 64 who had never been treated and 27 co-infected with @entity1 . The mean baseline @entity3 RNA was 6.30    0.06 log IU/ml and the @entity3 genotypes were: G1 (n = 93) with 1a (n = 37) and 1b (n = 50), G4 (n = 20) and G5 (n = 2). Most @entity0 (79/108; 73%) had an early virological response. Independent predictors of an early virological response were interferon naive @entity0 (OR=    2.98, 95% CI: 1.15-7.72) and RBV of >2,200 ng/ml at week 12 (OR = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.31-8.90). Forty of 104 @entity0 (38%) had a sustained virological response. The only independent predictors of a sustained virological response were subtype 1b (OR = 6.82, 95% CI: 1.7-26.8), and @entity3 RNA <15 IU/ml at week 12 (OR = 25, 95% CI: 6.4-97.6). Thus a serum RBV concentration of >2,200 ng/ml was associated with an early virological response and @entity0 infected with @entity3 subtype 1b had a better chance of a sustained virological response than did those infected with subtype 1a.

title: Influence of XXXX genotype 1 subtypes on the virus response to PEG interferon alpha-2a plus @entity4 therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: New factors that influence the viral response in @entity3 non-genotype 2/3 @entity0 must be identified in order to optimize anti-HCV treatment. This multicenter prospective study evaluates the influence of @entity3 variability and pharmacological parameters on the virological response of these @entity0 to pegylated interferon a2a (peg-IFN-a2a: 180   g/week) and @entity4 ( @entity5 ; 800-1,200 mg/day) for 48 weeks. @entity3 subtypes were identified by sequencing the NS5B region. Serum RBV and peg- @entity2 2a concentrations were measured at weeks 4 and 12. The 115 @entity0 (67 @entity0 ; median age = 49, range 31-76) included 64 who had never been treated and 27 co-infected with @entity1 . The mean baseline @entity3 RNA was 6.30    0.06 log IU/ml and the @entity3 genotypes were: G1 (n = 93) with 1a (n = 37) and 1b (n = 50), G4 (n = 20) and G5 (n = 2). Most @entity0 (79/108; 73%) had an early virological response. Independent predictors of an early virological response were interferon naive @entity0 (OR=    2.98, 95% CI: 1.15-7.72) and RBV of >2,200 ng/ml at week 12 (OR = 3.41, 95% CI: 1.31-8.90). Forty of 104 @entity0 (38%) had a sustained virological response. The only independent predictors of a sustained virological response were subtype 1b (OR = 6.82, 95% CI: 1.7-26.8), and @entity3 RNA <15 IU/ml at week 12 (OR = 25, 95% CI: 6.4-97.6). Thus a serum RBV concentration of >2,200 ng/ml was associated with an early virological response and @entity0 infected with @entity3 subtype 1b had a better chance of a sustained virological response than did those infected with subtype 1a.

title: Influence of @entity3 genotype 1 subtypes on the virus response to PEG interferon alpha-2a plus XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The bone marrow of 11 @entity0 with @entity1 , who survived more than two years following combined-modality therapy, was subjected to morphologic, cytogenetic, and bone marrow culture studies. One @entity0 , after a prodrome of @entity2 and @entity3 , developed @entity7 60 months after the start of chemotherapy. Four months @entity4 developed, bone marrow culture studies showed a marked inability to form colonies. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated an abnormal clone of cells that included the deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5. No morphologic abnormalities were noted in the bone marrow of any other long-term survivor; however, the mean corpuscular volume of peripheral red blood cells was greater than normal in three of four @entity0 who remain alive and disease free. In one of these @entity0 marrow culture studies also failed to grow colonies. The other @entity0 showed a decreased ability to form multilineage colonies and colonies of the granulocyte-macrophage lineage in vitro compared with a control population. All @entity0 showed some degree of @entity5 on cytogenetic analysis; in two cases approximately 50% of cells were aneuploid. However, no @entity6 was detected in any @entity0 . Follow-up for the development of secondary @entity7 and other long-term complications continues in these @entity0 .

title: @entity4 and myelodysplasia in XXXX . Report of a case and results of morphologic, cytogenetic, and bone marrow culture studies in long-term survivors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The bone marrow of 11 @entity0 with @entity1 , who survived more than two years following combined-modality therapy, was subjected to morphologic, cytogenetic, and bone marrow culture studies. One @entity0 , after a prodrome of @entity2 and @entity3 , developed @entity7 60 months after the start of chemotherapy. Four months @entity4 developed, bone marrow culture studies showed a marked inability to form colonies. Cytogenetic studies demonstrated an abnormal clone of cells that included the deletion of the long arm of chromosome 5. No morphologic abnormalities were noted in the bone marrow of any other long-term survivor; however, the mean corpuscular volume of peripheral red blood cells was greater than normal in three of four @entity0 who remain alive and disease free. In one of these @entity0 marrow culture studies also failed to grow colonies. The other @entity0 showed a decreased ability to form multilineage colonies and colonies of the granulocyte-macrophage lineage in vitro compared with a control population. All @entity0 showed some degree of @entity5 on cytogenetic analysis; in two cases approximately 50% of cells were aneuploid. However, no @entity6 was detected in any @entity0 . Follow-up for the development of secondary @entity7 and other long-term complications continues in these @entity0 .

title: XXXX and myelodysplasia in @entity1 . Report of a case and results of morphologic, cytogenetic, and bone marrow culture studies in long-term survivors.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We demonstrate here that complex I-III of @entity0 heart mitochondrial membrane is inhibited by @entity1 derivatives. This inhibition is a @entity2 -dependent process. This lipid, specific to the inner mitochondrial membrane, has been shown previously to interact specifically with @entity1 in model membranes (Goormaghtigh, E., Chatelain, P., Caspers, J. and Ruysschaert, J.-M. (1980) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 597, 1-14) and in mitochondrial membranes (Cheneval, D., M  ller, M., Toni, R., Ruetz, S. and Carafoli, E. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 13003-13007). The differential scanning calorimetry data indicate that, in multilamellar liposomes, the formation of antibiotic- @entity2 complexes induces a clustering of @entity2 molecules. Conformational analysis of the antibiotic- @entity2 complexes suggests that plane-plane interactions between the antibiotics aromatic moieties stabilize this complex formation. Possible mechanisms of inactivation of complex I-III by @entity1 are proposed.

title: Mechanism of inhibition of mitochondrial enzymatic complex I-III by XXXX derivatives.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Postural @entity8 occurs more frequently than usually realized. The cause is multifactorial with certain predisposing anatomic and congenital factors that are not uncommon. An inciting event is required to cause a clinically significant syndrome. The event can be a specific traumatic episode or cumulative @entity1 leading to an adoption of a guarding posture, which results in a self-perpetuating cycle and brachial @entity6 . The diagnosis and management may be complicated by concurrent @entity6 , concurrent @entity7 , and associated inflammatory musculotendinous conditions. Diagnosis relies on the appreciation of a peculiar symptom complex of @entity2 and @entity4 . The important clinical signs are a supraclavicular Tinel's sign and a positive stress abduction test. Treatment includes exercises, @entity0 education, and behavior modification. However, misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate treatment, such as unnecessary carpal and cubital tunnel releases. Operative treatment is reserved for those severe cases that are resistant to extended and intense physical therapy. The preferred surgical technique involves an anterior, supraclavicular approach allowing for complete visualization and release of @entity6 . Awareness is the key to making the diagnosis, and successful treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach. It is generally accepted that @entity5 result in serious losses of function. Paresthesias and motor weakness cause immediate functional limitation, and place the hand at risk for @entity1 . The system has little regenerative capacity, and the chance for recovery is poor even under the best circumstances. Therefore the treatment of @entity3 can be difficult and frustrating.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Nerve injury complications. Management of neurogenic XXXX syndromes.

answer: @entity2