abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide clinical, MRI, and histopathologic findings in a rare @entity3 with autosomal dominant inheritance, so-called @entity10 ( @entity10 ). BACKGROUND: Progressive @entity3 often constitute a diagnostic dilemma in both @entity0 and adults. In some cases, histopathologic examination of brain tissue is required for a classifying diagnosis. METHODS: Clinical history, MRI, and autopsy findings were reviewed in three @entity0 with @entity10 : a father, his daughter, and an unrelated @entity0 . RESULTS: Clinical history consisted of an adult-onset @entity1 with signs of @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 , and mild @entity2 . MRI findings included @entity5 and @entity9 white matter changes, most pronounced in the frontal and frontoparietal area with extension through the posterior limb of the internal capsule into the pyramidal tracts of the brainstem. Autopsy in two @entity0 revealed a @entity3 with frontoparietal and frontal preponderance and numerous neuroaxonal spheroids in the abnormal white matter. The pyramidal tracts were affected throughout the brainstem. CONCLUSION: Similar clinical and histopathologic findings have been reported in members of a Swedish pedigree. The homogeneity of the findings strongly suggests that @entity10 is a distinct disease entity. In the absence of a biochemical or genetic marker, a definitive diagnosis requires histopathologic confirmation in one of the affected family members. Neuroaxonal spheroids.

title: Autosomal dominant XXXX with neuroaxonal spheroids.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among @entity1 and factors associated with it. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey study of @entity0 who had survived one year or more after a @entity1 . Subjects consisted of @entity1 @entity0 attending the outpatient clinic of a rehabilitation centre. HRQOL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), functional status using the @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and mood using the Beck's @entity3 Inventory (BDI). RESULTS: A total of 100 @entity0 (63 @entity0 and 37 @entity0 , mean age 60.7 +/-10.8 years) were interviewed at an average of 22.2 +/-14.5 months post- @entity1 . The mean @entity5 was 88.9 +/-17.9, and the prevalence of @entity3 24%. 50 percent of @entity0 needed varying degrees of care for their activities of daily living. The SF-36 scores of the @entity0 were comparable to that of the general population except for the domain of physical function, which was much lower (23.9 versus 83.4). Age, sex, post- @entity1 duration, @entity5 score and side of @entity4 were not associated with HRQOL. @entity3 @entity0 however had significantly lower SF-36 scores across all domains except for that of physical function and @entity2 (p-value is less than 0.001). CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of @entity1 attending the rehabilitation clinic continue to face limitations in their physical activities. In addition, almost 30 percent of these survivors have @entity3 that affects their HRQOL adversely.

title: Health-related quality of life among XXXX attending a rehabilitation clinic.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of recombinant interferon beta (IFNbeta)-1a in the treatment of @entity3 . BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that IFNs affect the progression of @entity3 by interfering with putative immune mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. METHODS: @entity0 (n = 61) 40 to 70 years of age with a 6- to 24-month history of confirmed @entity3 with mild to moderate disability received IFNbeta-1a, 12 mIU (n = 31), or placebo (n = 30) subcutaneously three times a week for 6 months and were followed up for an additional 6 months. @entity0 were assessed after 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks. Medical Research Council scale, Norris scale, and bulbar scores as well as forced vital capacity were used to assess disability. Selected electrophysiologic measures (latency, amplitude, and duration of the compound muscle action potential) were also used. RESULTS: Twenty @entity0 randomized to IFNbeta-1a and 17 @entity0 given placebo completed the study. A total of 16 @entity0 receiving IFNbeta-1a became non-self-supporting compared with 16 on placebo (52% versus 53%). There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups for any of the measures of disease progression and disability. @entity1 were reported in six @entity0 treated with IFNbeta-1a and four @entity0 on placebo. Adverse events were reported more frequently with IFNbeta-1a (77% of @entity0 ) compared with placebo (57%), with @entity2 -like symptoms and local erythema being the commonest complaints. CONCLUSIONS: This pilot study suggests that IFNbeta-1a is not effective in the treatment of @entity3 .

title: A randomized controlled trial of recombinant interferon beta-1a in XXXX . Italian Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Study Group.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is accepted that @entity0 with @entity4 require urgent surgery. However the long term sequelae and late complications of its surgical therapy are less well understood. We hypothesised that the surgical corrected @entity2 have significant long term impact on the @entity0 quality of life. METHODS: Forty-six @entity0 with @entity2 were operated on at a tertiary referral centre over a fifteen year period. Their charts were retrospectively reviewed and the @entity0 were contacted. RESULTS: The study revealed two distinct groups, those without complications 25 (54%) and those without 21 (46%). In the acute post operative period four (9%) @entity0 had on going feeding difficulties and one (2%) developed chronic @entity1 . However 12 (26%) required readmission within the first six months after the initial operation. Eleven (24%) @entity0 were readmitted with acute @entity3 . Six (13%) @entity0 required multiple admissions due to @entity3 and six (13%) @entity0 underwent further surgery for adhesion related obstruction. There were four (9%) deaths in the study group, three due to other medical conditions and one following @entity3 . There was zero mortality immediately after the primary operation. There was no significant difference in the initial presentation, age and operative findings in those requiring further surgery and those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated that there is a significant long-term morbidity associated with @entity2 even after corrective surgery. Detailed education about the potential for @entity3 must be given to the parents of these @entity0 .

title: Long-term complications following XXXX and the Ladd's procedure: a 15 year review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dysfunction of regulatory T (Treg) cells has been detected in diverse inflammatory disorders, including @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity3 is critical for Treg cell growth, survival, and activity. We hypothesized that low-dose @entity3 could preferentially enhance Treg cells in vivo and suppress clinical manifestations of chronic @entity5 . METHODS: In this observational cohort study, @entity0 with chronic @entity5 that was refractory to glucocorticoid therapy received daily low-dose subcutaneous @entity3 (0.3 10(6), 1 10(6), or 3 10(6) IU per square meter of body-surface area) for 8 weeks. The end points were safety and clinical and immunologic response. After a 4-week hiatus, @entity0 with a response could receive @entity3 for an extended period. RESULTS: A total of 29 @entity0 were enrolled. None had progression of chronic @entity5 or relapse of a @entity4 . The maximum tolerated dose of @entity3 was 1 10(6) IU per square meter. The highest dose level induced unacceptable constitutional symptoms. Of the 23 @entity0 who could be evaluated for response, 12 had major responses involving multiple sites. The numbers of @entity2 + Treg cells were preferentially increased in all @entity0 , with a peak median value, at 4 weeks, that was more than eight times the baseline value (P<0.001), without affecting @entity2 + conventional T (Tcon) cells. The Treg:Tcon ratio increased to a median of more than five times the baseline value (P<0.001). The Treg cell count and Treg:Tcon ratio remained elevated at 8 weeks (P<0.001 for both comparisons with baseline values), then declined when the @entity0 were not receiving @entity3 . The increased numbers of Treg cells expressed the transcription factor @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and could inhibit autologous Tcon cells. Immunologic and clinical responses were sustained in @entity0 who received @entity3 for an extended period, permitting the glucocorticoid dose to be tapered by a mean of 60% (range, 25 to 100). CONCLUSIONS: Daily low-dose @entity3 was safely administered in @entity0 with active chronic @entity5 that was refractory to glucocorticoid therapy. Administration was associated with preferential, sustained Treg cell expansion in vivo and amelioration of the manifestations of chronic @entity5 in a substantial proportion of @entity0 . (Funded by a Dana-Farber Dunkin' Donuts Rising Star award and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00529035.).

title: @entity3 and regulatory T cells in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dysfunction of regulatory T (Treg) cells has been detected in diverse inflammatory disorders, including @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity3 is critical for Treg cell growth, survival, and activity. We hypothesized that low-dose @entity3 could preferentially enhance Treg cells in vivo and suppress clinical manifestations of chronic @entity5 . METHODS: In this observational cohort study, @entity0 with chronic @entity5 that was refractory to glucocorticoid therapy received daily low-dose subcutaneous @entity3 (0.3 10(6), 1 10(6), or 3 10(6) IU per square meter of body-surface area) for 8 weeks. The end points were safety and clinical and immunologic response. After a 4-week hiatus, @entity0 with a response could receive @entity3 for an extended period. RESULTS: A total of 29 @entity0 were enrolled. None had progression of chronic @entity5 or relapse of a @entity4 . The maximum tolerated dose of @entity3 was 1 10(6) IU per square meter. The highest dose level induced unacceptable constitutional symptoms. Of the 23 @entity0 who could be evaluated for response, 12 had major responses involving multiple sites. The numbers of @entity2 + Treg cells were preferentially increased in all @entity0 , with a peak median value, at 4 weeks, that was more than eight times the baseline value (P<0.001), without affecting @entity2 + conventional T (Tcon) cells. The Treg:Tcon ratio increased to a median of more than five times the baseline value (P<0.001). The Treg cell count and Treg:Tcon ratio remained elevated at 8 weeks (P<0.001 for both comparisons with baseline values), then declined when the @entity0 were not receiving @entity3 . The increased numbers of Treg cells expressed the transcription factor @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and could inhibit autologous Tcon cells. Immunologic and clinical responses were sustained in @entity0 who received @entity3 for an extended period, permitting the glucocorticoid dose to be tapered by a mean of 60% (range, 25 to 100). CONCLUSIONS: Daily low-dose @entity3 was safely administered in @entity0 with active chronic @entity5 that was refractory to glucocorticoid therapy. Administration was associated with preferential, sustained Treg cell expansion in vivo and amelioration of the manifestations of chronic @entity5 in a substantial proportion of @entity0 . (Funded by a Dana-Farber Dunkin' Donuts Rising Star award and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00529035.).

title: XXXX and regulatory T cells in @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the recognition of microbial molecular patterns of infectious and commensal bacteria and their expression in various tissues including the intestinal epithelium orchestration of the innate and adaptive immune defense mechanisms. Changes in the TLR signaling pathways due to host genetic predispositions may turn a physiological response into a pathological situation including failure of bacterial clearance and development of @entity1 . The aim of this study was to characterize the role of @entity5 or @entity4 deficiency in epithelial cell stress responses under noninflamed and inflamed conditions using TLR-deficient @entity0 and TLR(-/-) cross-bred @entity2 -deficient @entity0 as a model for genetically driven experimental @entity3 . Primary intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) were isolated from specific-pathogen-free wild-type, @entity5 -, @entity4 -, @entity2 , IL-10XTLR2- and IL-10XTLR4-deficient @entity0 at the age of 1, 8, and 16 weeks. Histopathological analysis showed absence of tissue pathology (score 0-12) in distal colon sections of @entity5 - and @entity4 -deficient @entity0 . In addition, @entity5 - but not @entity4 -deficient @entity0 cross-bred to the @entity2 -deficient background develop moderate @entity3 , suggesting different effects of these pattern recognition receptors in regulating disease mechanisms. Proteome analysis revealed significantly regulated proteins associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial stress responses in the epithelium. In contrast to @entity5 (-/-) and IL-10XTLR2(-/-) @entity0 , the induction of the ER-associated chaperone @entity6 was dissociated from the activation of proapoptotic caspase 3 cleavage in noninflamed @entity4 (-/-) and IL10XTLR4(-/-) @entity0 . These results suggest that ER-associated cellular stress responses play an important role in epithelial cells homeostasis leading to beneficial but also deleterious effects. We hypothesize that ER stress-associated processes in the absence of @entity5 and @entity4 differentially affect host responses and epithelial functions under conditions of genetically driven chronic intestinal @entity1 .

title: Loss of Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 leads to differential induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress and proapoptotic responses in the intestinal epithelium under conditions of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) have been found in about 10% of @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and have been associated with @entity6 manifestations (NPSLE), including @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of @entity10 in @entity0 with @entity7 , previous and further risk of @entity6 manifestations. METHODS: One hundred and nine consecutive @entity0 with previous diagnosis of @entity7 and without acute neurological manifestations were evaluated clinically and by transcranial Doppler monitoring (1 hour) from November 2002 to March 2003. The baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared between @entity0 with and without @entity10 . @entity0 were followed during a mean time of 4.5 years, to detect the appearance of NPSLE, including @entity3 and transient @entity2 attacks. RESULTS: @entity10 were detected in 16 @entity0 (14.7%; range: 3-64/h); at baseline, previous @entity6 manifestations were more frequent in @entity0 with @entity10 : 12/16 (75%) versus 46/92 (50%) (p=0.064), especially for @entity5 (p=0.036). @entity8 and @entity4 factors did not differ between groups at baseline and follow-up, neither the proportion of patients on antiplatelet agents. At follow-up, two @entity0 from the @entity10 positive group and six from the @entity10 negative group developed a new @entity6 manifestation (p=not significant). CONCLUSION: This study supports an association of @entity10 and a history of NPSLE, especially @entity5 . @entity10 were not associated with an increased risk of @entity9 and other neurological manifestations at follow-up.

title: The clinical significance of microembolic signals in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) have been found in about 10% of @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and have been associated with @entity6 manifestations (NPSLE), including @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency of @entity10 in @entity0 with @entity7 , previous and further risk of @entity6 manifestations. METHODS: One hundred and nine consecutive @entity0 with previous diagnosis of @entity7 and without acute neurological manifestations were evaluated clinically and by transcranial Doppler monitoring (1 hour) from November 2002 to March 2003. The baseline characteristics and outcomes were compared between @entity0 with and without @entity10 . @entity0 were followed during a mean time of 4.5 years, to detect the appearance of NPSLE, including @entity3 and transient @entity2 attacks. RESULTS: @entity10 were detected in 16 @entity0 (14.7%; range: 3-64/h); at baseline, previous @entity6 manifestations were more frequent in @entity0 with @entity10 : 12/16 (75%) versus 46/92 (50%) (p=0.064), especially for @entity5 (p=0.036). @entity8 and @entity4 factors did not differ between groups at baseline and follow-up, neither the proportion of patients on antiplatelet agents. At follow-up, two @entity0 from the @entity10 positive group and six from the @entity10 negative group developed a new @entity6 manifestation (p=not significant). CONCLUSION: This study supports an association of @entity10 and a history of NPSLE, especially @entity5 . @entity10 were not associated with an increased risk of @entity9 and other neurological manifestations at follow-up.

title: The clinical significance of microembolic signals in XXXX with @entity7 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to find out the situation of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in primary care. DESIGN: Cross-sectional multicentre study. SETTING: Four primary health care centres and a hospital in an urban area of Barcelona. @entity0 : From a registered population of 35,212 inhabitants older than 45 years, we studied all @entity0 (333) diagnosed with @entity5 in 2006 in primary care. MEASUREMENTS: A standardised questionnaire was used to record demographic, clinical and treatment data. RESULTS: There were 61.4% females. Mean age was 74.5 (standard deviation [SD]: 10) for @entity0 and 79 (SD: 9.8) for @entity0 . A total of 46% of @entity0 had @entity5 for <5 years. The comorbidity diagnosis and at the beginning of the study were: @entity2 65.4% and 73%, @entity1 33.6% and 40%, dyslipaemia 40% and 53%, @entity3 30% and 27%, and @entity4 23.7% and 27%, respectively. A total of 64% of @entity0 had registered New York Heart Association functional class (48% class II, 30% III and 6.6% IV). Blood pressure was controlled in 36% @entity0 and 20.5% @entity0 (P=0.002); 75.4% had an electrocardiogram, 57% X-ray; 58% of @entity0 and 46% of @entity0 (P=0.02) had echocardiography. The most prescribed drugs were diuretics 85.3%, the least, beta blockers 27%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity5 in primary care are elderly females with a lot of comorbidities. We must be concerned by the suboptimal use of basic investigations (electrocardiogram and X-ray) and beta blocker treatments.

title: [ XXXX : a view from primary care].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Most developmentally programmed cell death in metazoans is mediated by caspases. During @entity0 metamorphosis, obsolete tissues, including the midgut and salivary glands, are removed by programmed cell death [1]. The initiator @entity1 @entity2 and its activator @entity3 are required for the death of salivary glands, but not for midgut removal [2, 3]. In addition to caspases, complete removal of salivary glands requires autophagy [4]. However, the contribution of autophagy to midgut cell death has not been explored. Examination of combined mutants of the main initiator and effector caspases revealed that the canonical apoptotic pathway is not required for midgut cell death. Further analyses revealed that the @entity1 Decay is responsible for most of the @entity1 activity in dying midguts, yet inhibition of this activity has no effect on midgut removal. By contrast, midgut degradation was severely delayed by inhibition of autophagy, and this occurred without a decrease in @entity1 activity. Surprisingly, the combined inhibition of caspases and autophagy did not result in an additional delay in midgut removal. Together, our results indicate that autophagy, not caspases, is essential for midgut programmed cell death, providing the first in vivo evidence of @entity1 -independent programmed cell death that requires autophagy despite the presence of high @entity1 activity.

title: Autophagy, not apoptosis, is essential for midgut cell death in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the influence of culture and beliefs about @entity0 , and its implications on preventive health behaviour among South Asian @entity1 in the UK. METHODS: Using a qualitative approach, 24 South Asian @entity0 @entity1 and their significant others were interviewed. RESULTS: Most @entity1 were unfamiliar with the subject of @entity2 ; they expressed lack of knowledge of @entity2 as a disease and its symptoms. They identified a painless lump in the breast as sign of abnormality, but not @entity2 . They also did not know any non-lump breast symptoms. Over half participated in breast screening after encouragement from daughters or relatives. Most did not practise breast self-examination. Perceptions of @entity2 and health behaviour were influenced by cultural beliefs. Common themes were @entity2 is a taboo subject and @entity2 is a stigma. @entity1 also expressed misunderstandings about the cause of @entity2 . @entity2 in the family had ramifications on @entity1 ' s marriage prospects and may cause marital breakdown. Terminology used also caused communication problems with healthcare professionals and within the family: the use of ' chest' to substitute ' breast' changed the meaning of the message conveyed. CONCLUSIONS: Cultural beliefs and practices accentuate difficulties in understanding @entity0 , breast screening and breast self-examination, and can prevent South Asian @entity1 from adopting preventive health practices.

title: Culture, attitude and knowledge about @entity0 and preventive measures: a qualitative study of South Asian XXXX @entity1 in the UK.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the influence of culture and beliefs about @entity0 , and its implications on preventive health behaviour among South Asian @entity1 in the UK. METHODS: Using a qualitative approach, 24 South Asian @entity0 @entity1 and their significant others were interviewed. RESULTS: Most @entity1 were unfamiliar with the subject of @entity2 ; they expressed lack of knowledge of @entity2 as a disease and its symptoms. They identified a painless lump in the breast as sign of abnormality, but not @entity2 . They also did not know any non-lump breast symptoms. Over half participated in breast screening after encouragement from daughters or relatives. Most did not practise breast self-examination. Perceptions of @entity2 and health behaviour were influenced by cultural beliefs. Common themes were @entity2 is a taboo subject and @entity2 is a stigma. @entity1 also expressed misunderstandings about the cause of @entity2 . @entity2 in the family had ramifications on @entity1 ' s marriage prospects and may cause marital breakdown. Terminology used also caused communication problems with healthcare professionals and within the family: the use of ' chest' to substitute ' breast' changed the meaning of the message conveyed. CONCLUSIONS: Cultural beliefs and practices accentuate difficulties in understanding @entity0 , breast screening and breast self-examination, and can prevent South Asian @entity1 from adopting preventive health practices.

title: Culture, attitude and knowledge about XXXX and preventive measures: a qualitative study of South Asian @entity0 @entity1 in the UK.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the influence of culture and beliefs about @entity0 , and its implications on preventive health behaviour among South Asian @entity1 in the UK. METHODS: Using a qualitative approach, 24 South Asian @entity0 @entity1 and their significant others were interviewed. RESULTS: Most @entity1 were unfamiliar with the subject of @entity2 ; they expressed lack of knowledge of @entity2 as a disease and its symptoms. They identified a painless lump in the breast as sign of abnormality, but not @entity2 . They also did not know any non-lump breast symptoms. Over half participated in breast screening after encouragement from daughters or relatives. Most did not practise breast self-examination. Perceptions of @entity2 and health behaviour were influenced by cultural beliefs. Common themes were @entity2 is a taboo subject and @entity2 is a stigma. @entity1 also expressed misunderstandings about the cause of @entity2 . @entity2 in the family had ramifications on @entity1 ' s marriage prospects and may cause marital breakdown. Terminology used also caused communication problems with healthcare professionals and within the family: the use of ' chest' to substitute ' breast' changed the meaning of the message conveyed. CONCLUSIONS: Cultural beliefs and practices accentuate difficulties in understanding @entity0 , breast screening and breast self-examination, and can prevent South Asian @entity1 from adopting preventive health practices.

title: Culture, attitude and knowledge about @entity0 and preventive measures: a qualitative study of South Asian @entity0 XXXX in the UK.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess radiographic outcomes from @entity3 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING: One tertiary hospital in Western Australia. @entity0 : All @entity0 (184) between ages 21-85 years, presenting to @entity2 with @entity3 between 1 April 2006 to 31 July 2008. @entity1 were divided into two groups. Those with <or=15 degrees dorsal angulation were classified as 'minimally displaced' and those with >15 degrees dorsal angulation were classified as 'displaced'. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Radiographic analysis of the dorsal angle on post-reduction and 6 week post- @entity1 X-rays. A combined end-point of poor outcome, as defined by either poor radiological result and/or progression to surgery. RESULTS: In the group of @entity0 with displaced @entity1 , 69 of 114 (61%) went on to have an operation or a poor radiographic outcome versus 8 of 48 (17%) in the group with minimally displaced @entity1 , an absolute difference of 44% (95% CI 30-57%). @entity0 who had a minimally displaced @entity1 with an adequate reduction went on to have a satisfactory 6 week X-ray in 37 of 43 cases (86%; 95% CI 75-96%). @entity0 who had a displaced @entity1 and an adequate reduction had a satisfactory 6 week X-ray in 42 of 86 cases (49%; 95% CI 38-59%). @entity0 who had a displaced @entity1 and an inadequate reduction had a satisfactory 6 week X-ray in only 3 of 22 cases (14%; 95% CI 0-28%). CONCLUSION: The study highlights the importance of the initial 'on arrival' and 'post-reduction' X-rays in the @entity2 . @entity1 are more likely to go onto poor outcome, as are inadequately reduced @entity1 . Medical officers working in @entity2 should be aware of the importance of measuring the dorsal angle. They should be referring @entity0 with >15 degrees dorsal angulation to orthopaedics early. Reduction should not be accepted until the dorsal angle has been adequately corrected.

title: Emergency Department management of XXXX : a prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is strikingly variable by geographic area, which reflect different exposures to risk factors, including genetic predisposition. Previous studies of @entity3 @entity0 from several high-risk populations suggested that @entity4 might play a role in the etiology. This study was conducted to screen for mutations of @entity4 gene in @entity3 cases from a low-risk population. METHODS: Forty-seven @entity3 @entity0 from a low-risk area of Southeast China were screened for mutations in the entire coding region of the @entity4 gene by direct sequencing. RESULTS: No somatic mutations were observed in @entity1 . In total, 9 germline missense point mutations, each in one @entity0 , were identified in male sporadic @entity0 , with a mutation frequency of 19%. Of the 9 mutations, 7 were of heterozygous, while the remaining 2 were homozygous. Screening of an additional 94 healthy controls for the 9 mutations identified in @entity3 cases showed that there was only 2 (2%) positive individuals, each carrying one of the mutations. Thus the mutation frequency in @entity3 cases (19%) was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (OR = 10.9, 95% CI = 2.2-52.8, P = 0.003). No significant associations were observed for germline @entity4 mutations with age, sex, cigarette smoking, @entity2 drinking and family history of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This series of cases from a low-risk Chinese population presented the highest frequency of germline @entity4 mutations in @entity3 reported to date, highlighting possible etiology roles in this population.

title: Frequent germline mutation in the XXXX gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma @entity0 from a low-risk Chinese population.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is strikingly variable by geographic area, which reflect different exposures to risk factors, including genetic predisposition. Previous studies of @entity3 @entity0 from several high-risk populations suggested that @entity4 might play a role in the etiology. This study was conducted to screen for mutations of @entity4 gene in @entity3 cases from a low-risk population. METHODS: Forty-seven @entity3 @entity0 from a low-risk area of Southeast China were screened for mutations in the entire coding region of the @entity4 gene by direct sequencing. RESULTS: No somatic mutations were observed in @entity1 . In total, 9 germline missense point mutations, each in one @entity0 , were identified in male sporadic @entity0 , with a mutation frequency of 19%. Of the 9 mutations, 7 were of heterozygous, while the remaining 2 were homozygous. Screening of an additional 94 healthy controls for the 9 mutations identified in @entity3 cases showed that there was only 2 (2%) positive individuals, each carrying one of the mutations. Thus the mutation frequency in @entity3 cases (19%) was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (OR = 10.9, 95% CI = 2.2-52.8, P = 0.003). No significant associations were observed for germline @entity4 mutations with age, sex, cigarette smoking, @entity2 drinking and family history of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This series of cases from a low-risk Chinese population presented the highest frequency of germline @entity4 mutations in @entity3 reported to date, highlighting possible etiology roles in this population.

title: Frequent germline mutation in the @entity4 gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma XXXX from a low-risk Chinese population.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A variety of biomarkers have been used to monitor exposed populations to determine potential health hazards from their exposure to environmental toxic agents. However, the majority of these biomarkers have been focused onto the identification of biological damage from the exposure. Therefore, there is a need to develop functional biomarkers that can identify exposure-induced @entity0 . More importantly, these deficiencies should be positioned along pathways that are responsible for the development of specific diseases. One of such pathways belongs to the extensive and complex DNA-repair machinery. The machinery thus becomes a large target for damage from environmental toxic agents. The hypothesis is that damage to any component of a repair pathway will interfere with the pathway-specific repair activities. Therefore, when cells from exposed populations are challenged with a DNA-damaging agent in vitro, the in vivo exposure-induced @entity6 will be dramatically amplified and the deficiency will be detectable in a challenge assay as increased chromosome aberrations, micronuclei or un-repaired DNA strand breaks. The challenge assay has been used in different laboratories to show that a variety of exposed populations (with exposure to air pollutants, @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity7 , cigarette smoke, incense smoke, lead, @entity1 , pesticides, @entity2 or @entity5 but not to low concentrations of air pollutants or @entity7 ) expressed abnormal challenge response. The predicted health consequences of some of these studies have also been validated. Therefore, the challenge assay is a useful functional biomarker for population studies. Details of the challenge assay and its application will be presented in this review.

title: Challenge assay: A functional biomarker for exposure-induced DNA XXXX and for risk of cancer.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Currently available vaccines for the pandemic @entity4 (H1N1) 2009 produced in @entity5 eggs have serious impediments viz limited availability, risk of @entity1 and the possible selection of sub-populations differing from the naturally occurring virus, whereas the cell culture derived vaccines are time consuming and may not meet the demands of rapid global vaccination required to combat the present/future pandemic. Hemagglutinin (HA) based subunit vaccine for H1N1 requires the HA protein in glycosylated form, which is impossible with the commonly used bacterial expression platform. Additionally, bacterial derived protein requires extensive purification and refolding steps for vaccine applications. For these reasons an alternative heterologous system for rapid, easy and economical production of @entity7 protein in its glycosylated form is required. The HA gene of novel H1N1 A/California/04/2009 was engineered for expression in @entity6 as a soluble secreted protein. The full length HA- synthetic gene having a-secretory tag was integrated into @entity6 genome through homologous recombination. The resultant Pichia clones having multiple copy integrants of the transgene expressed full length HA protein in the culture supernatant. The Recombinant @entity3 derived H1N1 HA protein elicited neutralising antibodies both in @entity0 and @entity2 . The sera from immunised animals also exhibited Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) activity. Considering the safety, reliability and also economic potential of Pichia expression platform, our preliminary data indicates the feasibility of using this system as an alternative for large-scale production of recombinant @entity4 HA protein in the face of @entity4 pandemic threat.

title: @entity3 expressed recombinant Hemagglutinin protein of novel H1N1 elicits neutralising antibodies in XXXX and @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Currently available vaccines for the pandemic @entity4 (H1N1) 2009 produced in @entity5 eggs have serious impediments viz limited availability, risk of @entity1 and the possible selection of sub-populations differing from the naturally occurring virus, whereas the cell culture derived vaccines are time consuming and may not meet the demands of rapid global vaccination required to combat the present/future pandemic. Hemagglutinin (HA) based subunit vaccine for H1N1 requires the HA protein in glycosylated form, which is impossible with the commonly used bacterial expression platform. Additionally, bacterial derived protein requires extensive purification and refolding steps for vaccine applications. For these reasons an alternative heterologous system for rapid, easy and economical production of @entity7 protein in its glycosylated form is required. The HA gene of novel H1N1 A/California/04/2009 was engineered for expression in @entity6 as a soluble secreted protein. The full length HA- synthetic gene having a-secretory tag was integrated into @entity6 genome through homologous recombination. The resultant Pichia clones having multiple copy integrants of the transgene expressed full length HA protein in the culture supernatant. The Recombinant @entity3 derived H1N1 HA protein elicited neutralising antibodies both in @entity0 and @entity2 . The sera from immunised animals also exhibited Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) activity. Considering the safety, reliability and also economic potential of Pichia expression platform, our preliminary data indicates the feasibility of using this system as an alternative for large-scale production of recombinant @entity4 HA protein in the face of @entity4 pandemic threat.

title: XXXX expressed recombinant Hemagglutinin protein of novel H1N1 elicits neutralising antibodies in @entity2 and @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Currently available vaccines for the pandemic @entity4 (H1N1) 2009 produced in @entity5 eggs have serious impediments viz limited availability, risk of @entity1 and the possible selection of sub-populations differing from the naturally occurring virus, whereas the cell culture derived vaccines are time consuming and may not meet the demands of rapid global vaccination required to combat the present/future pandemic. Hemagglutinin (HA) based subunit vaccine for H1N1 requires the HA protein in glycosylated form, which is impossible with the commonly used bacterial expression platform. Additionally, bacterial derived protein requires extensive purification and refolding steps for vaccine applications. For these reasons an alternative heterologous system for rapid, easy and economical production of @entity7 protein in its glycosylated form is required. The HA gene of novel H1N1 A/California/04/2009 was engineered for expression in @entity6 as a soluble secreted protein. The full length HA- synthetic gene having a-secretory tag was integrated into @entity6 genome through homologous recombination. The resultant Pichia clones having multiple copy integrants of the transgene expressed full length HA protein in the culture supernatant. The Recombinant @entity3 derived H1N1 HA protein elicited neutralising antibodies both in @entity0 and @entity2 . The sera from immunised animals also exhibited Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) activity. Considering the safety, reliability and also economic potential of Pichia expression platform, our preliminary data indicates the feasibility of using this system as an alternative for large-scale production of recombinant @entity4 HA protein in the face of @entity4 pandemic threat.

title: @entity3 expressed recombinant Hemagglutinin protein of novel H1N1 elicits neutralising antibodies in @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the temporal chest radiographic findings of fat @entity6 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Twenty-nine @entity0 with clinically diagnosed fat @entity6 between 1988-1999 were retrospectively identified from the @entity3 Registry of Haborview Medical Center, University of Washington. In twenty-two @entity0 , complete medical records and serial chest radiographs were available. All images were reviewed by a dedicated thoracic radiologist. RESULTS: Two of 22 @entity0 had normal radiographs throughout hospitalization, while 20/22 developed abnormal chest radiographs. The radiographic findings were consistent with non-specific @entity7 in all abnormal cases. The time to appearance of evident @entity5 was < 24 hours of initial @entity3 in 10/20 (50%), between 24-48 hours in 4/20 (20%), between 48-72 hours in 5/20 (25%), and 1 @entity0 (1/20, 5%) developed an abnormal chest radiograph after 72 hours. Ten of 20 @entity0 (50%) with abnormal radiographs had complete resolution of the @entity1 pattern within 1 week of development of opacities, 3/20 (15%) cases showed complete radiographic resolution between 1-2 weeks, 2/20 (10%) cases showed complete radiographic resolution between 2-3 weeks, 1/20 (5%) showed complete radiographic resolution between 3-4 weeks, and 4/20 (20%) died without resolution of the radiographic finding. CONCLUSION: The chest radiographic appearance of fat @entity6 is non-specific. Normal radiographs can also be seen. Most @entity0 presenting with a normal initial radiograph develop radiographic evident @entity2 and most cases showed radiographic resolution within 2 weeks of hospitalization. Although chest imaging play a little role in the clinical management of fat @entity6 , understanding of temporal presentation and evolution of the otherwise non-specific @entity4 may help to avoid unnecessary evaluation in selected @entity0 .

title: Chest radiographic evolution in fat XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish a bioluminescent MDA-MB-231 cell line which can stably express luciferase and green fluorescent protein to allow bioluminescent imaging in nude @entity4 models bearing @entity1 triple-negative @entity0 xenografts. METHODS: The lentivirus carrying luc2, eGFP and neo fusion genes were packaged in 293T cells via @entity5 co-precipitation. @entity1 triple-negative @entity0 cell line MDA-MB-231 was infected by the lentivirus, and the positive cell clones were tested for eGFP and luc2 expressions by fluorescence microscopy and Xenogen IVIS200 bioluminescent imaging system, respectively. @entity6 assay, transwell invasion assay and wound healing assay were performed to evaluate the changes in the proliferation, invasion and migration abilities of the infected cells. The cells were then orthotopically implanted into the right second mammary fat pat of female BALB/c @entity4 . The @entity3 growth was monitored by the in vivo imaging system every week, and the @entity3 tissues were harvested to evaluate the in vivo stability and tumorigenicity of the modified cells using cryosection and HE staining. RESULTS: The lentivirus-infected MDA-MB-231cells could stably express luc2 and eGFP, and the luciferase activity reached 9689 phontons/s/per cell. No significant changes occurred in the biological activities of the lentivirus-infected MDA-MB-231 cells. We successfully established the nude @entity4 model bearing orthotopically implanted @entity1 triple-negative @entity0 cells. CONCLUSION: The modified MDA-MB-231 cell line can be detected sensitively at the primary implantation site and distant @entity2 site in @entity4 , which provides a convenient and sensitive platform for the research of metastatic mechanism and new antitumor drugs of @entity1 triple-negative @entity0 . The combination of eGFP and luc2 is superior to single reporter gene.

title: [Establishment of a bioluminescent MDA-MB-231 cell line for in vivo imaging of @entity1 triple-negative XXXX xenograft].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish a bioluminescent MDA-MB-231 cell line which can stably express luciferase and green fluorescent protein to allow bioluminescent imaging in nude @entity4 models bearing @entity1 triple-negative @entity0 xenografts. METHODS: The lentivirus carrying luc2, eGFP and neo fusion genes were packaged in 293T cells via @entity5 co-precipitation. @entity1 triple-negative @entity0 cell line MDA-MB-231 was infected by the lentivirus, and the positive cell clones were tested for eGFP and luc2 expressions by fluorescence microscopy and Xenogen IVIS200 bioluminescent imaging system, respectively. @entity6 assay, transwell invasion assay and wound healing assay were performed to evaluate the changes in the proliferation, invasion and migration abilities of the infected cells. The cells were then orthotopically implanted into the right second mammary fat pat of female BALB/c @entity4 . The @entity3 growth was monitored by the in vivo imaging system every week, and the @entity3 tissues were harvested to evaluate the in vivo stability and tumorigenicity of the modified cells using cryosection and HE staining. RESULTS: The lentivirus-infected MDA-MB-231cells could stably express luc2 and eGFP, and the luciferase activity reached 9689 phontons/s/per cell. No significant changes occurred in the biological activities of the lentivirus-infected MDA-MB-231 cells. We successfully established the nude @entity4 model bearing orthotopically implanted @entity1 triple-negative @entity0 cells. CONCLUSION: The modified MDA-MB-231 cell line can be detected sensitively at the primary implantation site and distant @entity2 site in @entity4 , which provides a convenient and sensitive platform for the research of metastatic mechanism and new antitumor drugs of @entity1 triple-negative @entity0 . The combination of eGFP and luc2 is superior to single reporter gene.

title: [Establishment of a bioluminescent MDA-MB-231 cell line for in vivo imaging of XXXX triple-negative @entity0 xenograft].

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Electrocardiographic (ECG) predictors of significant angiographic left main @entity3 (LMCS>50%) have been described in acute @entity1 using ST-segment elevation in lead aVR (aVR-STE). However, there is a paucity of data on its association with LMCS>50% in the setting of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: We investigated 210 consecutive, unselected, @entity0 from Sept. 2002-2006 with @entity2 due to acute @entity1 undergoing cardiac catheterization. Of those, 191 @entity0 with interpretable ECG tracings for aVR-STE analysis formed our study sample. aVR-STE was defined as ST-segment elevation>= 1mm in aVR while LMCS>50% on coronary angiogram was defined as any left main lesion that demonstrated >50% lumen narrowing or equivalent by direct visualization or quantitative coronary angiography analysis. RESULTS: There was 59% survival to discharge of this predominantly male cohort (median age 68  12years; 31% females). Fifty three (28%) cases had aVR-STE while 27 (14%) had LMCS>50%. Of those, 16 @entity0 who had aVR-STE also had LMCS>50% (sensitivity 59%, specificity 77%, positive predictive value 30%, negative predictive value 92% for predicting LMCS>50%). Multivariate analysis revealed that aVR-STE was the only significant predictor of LMCS>50% was (p=0.014; Odds Ratio=3.06; 95% Confidence Interval 1.26-7.47). CONCLUSION: In @entity2 due to acute @entity1 , aVR-STE>1mm proves to be an important predictor of LMCS>50%. Such data could be helpful in further risk stratification for optimal management during @entity2 .

title: The presence of ST-elevation in lead aVR predicts significant left main XXXX in cardiogenic shock resulting from @entity1 : the Manitoba cardiogenic shock registry.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Electrocardiographic (ECG) predictors of significant angiographic left main @entity3 (LMCS>50%) have been described in acute @entity1 using ST-segment elevation in lead aVR (aVR-STE). However, there is a paucity of data on its association with LMCS>50% in the setting of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: We investigated 210 consecutive, unselected, @entity0 from Sept. 2002-2006 with @entity2 due to acute @entity1 undergoing cardiac catheterization. Of those, 191 @entity0 with interpretable ECG tracings for aVR-STE analysis formed our study sample. aVR-STE was defined as ST-segment elevation>= 1mm in aVR while LMCS>50% on coronary angiogram was defined as any left main lesion that demonstrated >50% lumen narrowing or equivalent by direct visualization or quantitative coronary angiography analysis. RESULTS: There was 59% survival to discharge of this predominantly male cohort (median age 68  12years; 31% females). Fifty three (28%) cases had aVR-STE while 27 (14%) had LMCS>50%. Of those, 16 @entity0 who had aVR-STE also had LMCS>50% (sensitivity 59%, specificity 77%, positive predictive value 30%, negative predictive value 92% for predicting LMCS>50%). Multivariate analysis revealed that aVR-STE was the only significant predictor of LMCS>50% was (p=0.014; Odds Ratio=3.06; 95% Confidence Interval 1.26-7.47). CONCLUSION: In @entity2 due to acute @entity1 , aVR-STE>1mm proves to be an important predictor of LMCS>50%. Such data could be helpful in further risk stratification for optimal management during @entity2 .

title: The presence of ST-elevation in lead aVR predicts significant left main @entity3 in cardiogenic shock resulting from XXXX : the Manitoba cardiogenic shock registry.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown inconsistent results about the association between body mass index (BMI) and @entity2 . The aim of this study was to assess the association between BMI and @entity2 in @entity0 referred for endoscopy. METHODS: Consecutive @entity0 received a questionnaire about @entity2 prior to upper @entity2 . The association between BMI and @entity2 and related symptoms was determined by adjusted logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 1023 subjects were included, 303 (35%) subjects were overweight (BMI 25 to 30 kg/m2), an additional 118 (14%) subjects were @entity1 (BMI >30 kg/m2). Overall, 42% of the @entity0 experienced symptoms of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), 70% @entity6 and 55% lower abdominal symptoms. In @entity1 @entity0 the prevalence of @entity3 was higher (52%) compared with normal weight (44%) and overweight (44%) (ns). @entity3 was found in 13, 17 and 19% for normal weight, overweight and @entity1 , @entity5 in 7, 9 and 11% and @entity4 in 6, 7 and 8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: More than half the @entity0 undergoing upper gastrointestinal (GI ) endoscopy were overweight or @entity1 . In this @entity0 population, no relation between BMI and @entity2 and symptoms was found. However, a small but statistically insignificant trend was observed toward @entity1 for @entity0 with @entity3 -associated symptoms.

title: XXXX and symptoms: does body mass index matter?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Reduced @entity5 (NO) production and bioactivity is a major contributor to @entity3 . Animal data suggest that improvements in endothelial function in response to aerobic exercise training may depend on the duration of the training program. However, no studies have examined changes in NO (as assessed by the major NO metabolites, @entity6 and @entity8 , NO(x)) after long-term training in @entity0 . In addition, aging may impair the ability of the vasculature to increase NO with exercise. Thus, we determined whether 24 weeks of aerobic exercise training increases plasma NO(x) levels in sedentary older adults. We also examined changes in forearm blood flow (FBF) at rest and during reactive @entity4 as a measure of vasomotor function. Plasma NO(x) levels were measured in 82 @entity0 and @entity0 using a modified Griess assay. FBF was assessed in a subset of individuals (n = 15) using venous occlusion plethysmography. After 24 weeks of exercise training, there were significant improvements in maximum @entity1 consumption, HDL @entity2 , @entity7 , and body fat. Changes in plasma NO(x) levels ranged from -14.83 to +16.69 micromol/L; however, the mean change overall was not significant (-0.33 + or - 6.30 micromol/L, p = 0.64). Changes in plasma NO(x) levels were not associated with age, gender, race, HDL @entity2 , @entity7 , body weight, body fat, or maximal @entity1 consumption. There were also no significant changes in basal FBF, peak FBF, hyperemic response, total hyperemic flow, or minimum forearm vascular resistance with exercise training. In conclusion, improvements in plasma NO(x) levels and FBF are not evident after long-term training in older adults.

title: Plasma @entity6 / XXXX levels are unchanged after long-term aerobic exercise training in older adults.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Reduced @entity5 (NO) production and bioactivity is a major contributor to @entity3 . Animal data suggest that improvements in endothelial function in response to aerobic exercise training may depend on the duration of the training program. However, no studies have examined changes in NO (as assessed by the major NO metabolites, @entity6 and @entity8 , NO(x)) after long-term training in @entity0 . In addition, aging may impair the ability of the vasculature to increase NO with exercise. Thus, we determined whether 24 weeks of aerobic exercise training increases plasma NO(x) levels in sedentary older adults. We also examined changes in forearm blood flow (FBF) at rest and during reactive @entity4 as a measure of vasomotor function. Plasma NO(x) levels were measured in 82 @entity0 and @entity0 using a modified Griess assay. FBF was assessed in a subset of individuals (n = 15) using venous occlusion plethysmography. After 24 weeks of exercise training, there were significant improvements in maximum @entity1 consumption, HDL @entity2 , @entity7 , and body fat. Changes in plasma NO(x) levels ranged from -14.83 to +16.69 micromol/L; however, the mean change overall was not significant (-0.33 + or - 6.30 micromol/L, p = 0.64). Changes in plasma NO(x) levels were not associated with age, gender, race, HDL @entity2 , @entity7 , body weight, body fat, or maximal @entity1 consumption. There were also no significant changes in basal FBF, peak FBF, hyperemic response, total hyperemic flow, or minimum forearm vascular resistance with exercise training. In conclusion, improvements in plasma NO(x) levels and FBF are not evident after long-term training in older adults.

title: Plasma XXXX / @entity8 levels are unchanged after long-term aerobic exercise training in older adults.

answer: @entity6


abstract: We experienced a very rare case of @entity2 in a 57-year-old @entity0 who came to our hospital complaining of a left subareolar mass and nipple discharge. The @entity0 had a history of chronic @entity1 , necessitating long-term treatment with @entity5 . His serum @entity3 levels were elevated. Mammography demonstrated a well defined mass with microcalcifications. Ultrasonography revealed a cyst with an intracystic component. The inner lesion of the mass enhanced on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. The carcinoembryonic antigen concentration of the cyst fluid was 400 ng/mL and no malignant cells were found by aspiration biopsy cytology. Excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. Pathological examination revealed the intracystic component to be @entity2 . There are ten reports of male @entity2 including ours. We report the second case of a @entity0 given long-term @entity4 therapy, which is known to increase serum @entity3 levels.

title: XXXX in the breast of a male given long-term @entity4 therapy: a case report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We experienced a very rare case of @entity2 in a 57-year-old @entity0 who came to our hospital complaining of a left subareolar mass and nipple discharge. The @entity0 had a history of chronic @entity1 , necessitating long-term treatment with @entity5 . His serum @entity3 levels were elevated. Mammography demonstrated a well defined mass with microcalcifications. Ultrasonography revealed a cyst with an intracystic component. The inner lesion of the mass enhanced on contrast-enhanced computed tomography. The carcinoembryonic antigen concentration of the cyst fluid was 400 ng/mL and no malignant cells were found by aspiration biopsy cytology. Excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. Pathological examination revealed the intracystic component to be @entity2 . There are ten reports of male @entity2 including ours. We report the second case of a @entity0 given long-term @entity4 therapy, which is known to increase serum @entity3 levels.

title: @entity2 in the breast of a male given long-term XXXX therapy: a case report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: To assess the characteristic features of @entity1 @entity0 treated for the first time with oral anti- @entity1 treatments. @entity0 and methods. All outpatients (adults and @entity0 ), who consulted for @entity1 attacks and for whom an oral anti- @entity1 treatment was necessary, as a first time prescription, were enrolled consecutively in this study from April 2001 up to January 2003. Data were available from a structured questionnaire delivered to all participating neurologists. RESULTS: Two hundred sixty neurologists included 2220 @entity0 (1162 males, 1057 females with a mean age of 41 years (from 1 month to 96 years). Forty-one percent of these @entity0 were referred by a general practitioner and 22 percent by emergency departments. Four hundred and thirty-seven @entity0 (19.7 percent) had only experienced a single @entity2 at treatment initiation. @entity0 were classified according to @entity4 (43.9 percent of @entity0 ), generalized @entity1 (46.4 percent of @entity0 ), or non-classified @entity1 (9.7 percent of @entity0 ). Sixty-six percent of @entity0 had a biological check-up. Ninety-three percent of @entity0 underwent an EEG and 80.7 per cent a CT scan or brain MRI. The high risk of recurrence was the main reason given by neurologists for instituting anti- @entity1 treatment. The reason for initiating treatment was syndromic diagnosis in 23.7 percent of @entity0 with multiple @entity2 . The most frequently prescribed drug was @entity3 (58.2 percent of @entity0 ) chosen because of its practical use and broad anti- @entity1 spectrum. CONCLUSION: This study provides a considerable amount of epidemiological and clinical information with a special emphasis on @entity1 , diagnostic assessment and factors that influence the initiation of treatment or not.

title: [Newly treated XXXX : a French observational study].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity9 is an endogenous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substance. The present study was implemented to investigate the protective effect of @entity11 (EP) against the development and progression of @entity8 in an in vivo and in vitro model. @entity0 @entity3 were prepared by injecting @entity10 (65 mg/kg). Those that developed @entity0 after 72 h were treated with EP (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. @entity0 @entity3 without @entity9 treatment and nondiabetic @entity3 were used for control. As an in vitro experiment, @entity3 mesangial cells cultured primarily from @entity3 were treated in high- @entity4 (HG; 50 mM) or normal- @entity4 (NG; 5 mM) conditions and with or without @entity9 . @entity9 -treated @entity0 @entity3 exhibited decreased @entity5 and attenuated @entity7 -dependent reactive @entity2 species generation. Immunohistochemistry showed reduced laminin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin deposition in the glomeruli compared with nontreated @entity0 @entity3 . Parallel changes were shown in tissue mRNA and protein expression levels of @entity6 , laminin, fibronectin, and type IV collagen in the kidney. Concordantly, protective effects were also exhibited in the mesangial cell culture system. These findings suggest that @entity9 protects against @entity1 via @entity7 oxidase inhibition. The present study established that activation of @entity7 oxidase plays a crucial role in @entity0 -induced oxidative stress, @entity1 , and ECM molecule expression. @entity9 exhibited a renoprotective effect in the progression of experimental @entity8 . Future research is warranted to investigate the protective mechanism of @entity9 more specifically in relation to @entity7 oxidase in @entity8 .

title: @entity11 ameliorates @entity5 and XXXX in the animal model of @entity8 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity9 is an endogenous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substance. The present study was implemented to investigate the protective effect of @entity11 (EP) against the development and progression of @entity8 in an in vivo and in vitro model. @entity0 @entity3 were prepared by injecting @entity10 (65 mg/kg). Those that developed @entity0 after 72 h were treated with EP (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. @entity0 @entity3 without @entity9 treatment and nondiabetic @entity3 were used for control. As an in vitro experiment, @entity3 mesangial cells cultured primarily from @entity3 were treated in high- @entity4 (HG; 50 mM) or normal- @entity4 (NG; 5 mM) conditions and with or without @entity9 . @entity9 -treated @entity0 @entity3 exhibited decreased @entity5 and attenuated @entity7 -dependent reactive @entity2 species generation. Immunohistochemistry showed reduced laminin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin deposition in the glomeruli compared with nontreated @entity0 @entity3 . Parallel changes were shown in tissue mRNA and protein expression levels of @entity6 , laminin, fibronectin, and type IV collagen in the kidney. Concordantly, protective effects were also exhibited in the mesangial cell culture system. These findings suggest that @entity9 protects against @entity1 via @entity7 oxidase inhibition. The present study established that activation of @entity7 oxidase plays a crucial role in @entity0 -induced oxidative stress, @entity1 , and ECM molecule expression. @entity9 exhibited a renoprotective effect in the progression of experimental @entity8 . Future research is warranted to investigate the protective mechanism of @entity9 more specifically in relation to @entity7 oxidase in @entity8 .

title: XXXX ameliorates @entity5 and @entity1 in the animal model of @entity8 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: @entity9 is an endogenous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substance. The present study was implemented to investigate the protective effect of @entity11 (EP) against the development and progression of @entity8 in an in vivo and in vitro model. @entity0 @entity3 were prepared by injecting @entity10 (65 mg/kg). Those that developed @entity0 after 72 h were treated with EP (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. @entity0 @entity3 without @entity9 treatment and nondiabetic @entity3 were used for control. As an in vitro experiment, @entity3 mesangial cells cultured primarily from @entity3 were treated in high- @entity4 (HG; 50 mM) or normal- @entity4 (NG; 5 mM) conditions and with or without @entity9 . @entity9 -treated @entity0 @entity3 exhibited decreased @entity5 and attenuated @entity7 -dependent reactive @entity2 species generation. Immunohistochemistry showed reduced laminin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin deposition in the glomeruli compared with nontreated @entity0 @entity3 . Parallel changes were shown in tissue mRNA and protein expression levels of @entity6 , laminin, fibronectin, and type IV collagen in the kidney. Concordantly, protective effects were also exhibited in the mesangial cell culture system. These findings suggest that @entity9 protects against @entity1 via @entity7 oxidase inhibition. The present study established that activation of @entity7 oxidase plays a crucial role in @entity0 -induced oxidative stress, @entity1 , and ECM molecule expression. @entity9 exhibited a renoprotective effect in the progression of experimental @entity8 . Future research is warranted to investigate the protective mechanism of @entity9 more specifically in relation to @entity7 oxidase in @entity8 .

title: @entity11 ameliorates XXXX and @entity1 in the animal model of @entity8 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity9 is an endogenous antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substance. The present study was implemented to investigate the protective effect of @entity11 (EP) against the development and progression of @entity8 in an in vivo and in vitro model. @entity0 @entity3 were prepared by injecting @entity10 (65 mg/kg). Those that developed @entity0 after 72 h were treated with EP (40 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. @entity0 @entity3 without @entity9 treatment and nondiabetic @entity3 were used for control. As an in vitro experiment, @entity3 mesangial cells cultured primarily from @entity3 were treated in high- @entity4 (HG; 50 mM) or normal- @entity4 (NG; 5 mM) conditions and with or without @entity9 . @entity9 -treated @entity0 @entity3 exhibited decreased @entity5 and attenuated @entity7 -dependent reactive @entity2 species generation. Immunohistochemistry showed reduced laminin, type IV collagen, and fibronectin deposition in the glomeruli compared with nontreated @entity0 @entity3 . Parallel changes were shown in tissue mRNA and protein expression levels of @entity6 , laminin, fibronectin, and type IV collagen in the kidney. Concordantly, protective effects were also exhibited in the mesangial cell culture system. These findings suggest that @entity9 protects against @entity1 via @entity7 oxidase inhibition. The present study established that activation of @entity7 oxidase plays a crucial role in @entity0 -induced oxidative stress, @entity1 , and ECM molecule expression. @entity9 exhibited a renoprotective effect in the progression of experimental @entity8 . Future research is warranted to investigate the protective mechanism of @entity9 more specifically in relation to @entity7 oxidase in @entity8 .

title: @entity11 ameliorates @entity5 and @entity1 in the animal model of XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Percutaneous ablation using @entity5 is an attractive method because of its low morbidity and low number of sessions required to induce @entity2 . Moreover, the real-time fluoroscopy CT scan could improve the technique by improving distribution of the necrotizing agent within the @entity1 . AIM: To determine the feasibility and the long-term results of the @entity5 percutaneous injection under CT fluoroscopy guidance in a series of cirrhotic @entity0 with @entity3 in a single French center. METHODS: One hundred and two @entity0 with @entity3 were evaluated for treatment between 1999 and 2000. The selection criteria for fluoroscopy CT scan-directed percutaneous @entity5 ablation were: 1) one to three nodules<5 centimeters; 2) @entity0 -Pugh class<13; 3) prothrombin index > 40% and platelet count > 50000 per mm(3) and 4) contraindication to both resection and liver transplantation. Post treatment follow-up included ultrasonography, magnetic resonance and alphafetoprotein levels every 3 months. Recurrence and survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity0 (48%) could benefit from a curative treatment, most of them (37/49) being eligible for fluoroscopy CT scan-directed percutaneous @entity5 . The mean follow up was 24.4 +/- 2.7 months. @entity2 was achieved in 28 @entity0 (76%) after a mean of 1.6 sessions. In these 28 @entity0 , the recurrence rates were 34% and 48% and survival rates were 76% and 70%, at 24 and 36 months, respectively. No serious complications occurred during or after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous ablation using @entity5 using CT fluoroscopy guidance may be considered as a short term efficient, low risk treatment and can be applied even in @entity0 with @entity4 or severe @entity6 . However, the high rate of recurrence and the early occurrence of multifocal @entity3 underline the limits of this method as well as of all other percutaneous strategies.

title: @entity3 with XXXX percutaneous injection.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Percutaneous ablation using @entity5 is an attractive method because of its low morbidity and low number of sessions required to induce @entity2 . Moreover, the real-time fluoroscopy CT scan could improve the technique by improving distribution of the necrotizing agent within the @entity1 . AIM: To determine the feasibility and the long-term results of the @entity5 percutaneous injection under CT fluoroscopy guidance in a series of cirrhotic @entity0 with @entity3 in a single French center. METHODS: One hundred and two @entity0 with @entity3 were evaluated for treatment between 1999 and 2000. The selection criteria for fluoroscopy CT scan-directed percutaneous @entity5 ablation were: 1) one to three nodules<5 centimeters; 2) @entity0 -Pugh class<13; 3) prothrombin index > 40% and platelet count > 50000 per mm(3) and 4) contraindication to both resection and liver transplantation. Post treatment follow-up included ultrasonography, magnetic resonance and alphafetoprotein levels every 3 months. Recurrence and survival rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Forty-nine @entity0 (48%) could benefit from a curative treatment, most of them (37/49) being eligible for fluoroscopy CT scan-directed percutaneous @entity5 . The mean follow up was 24.4 +/- 2.7 months. @entity2 was achieved in 28 @entity0 (76%) after a mean of 1.6 sessions. In these 28 @entity0 , the recurrence rates were 34% and 48% and survival rates were 76% and 70%, at 24 and 36 months, respectively. No serious complications occurred during or after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous ablation using @entity5 using CT fluoroscopy guidance may be considered as a short term efficient, low risk treatment and can be applied even in @entity0 with @entity4 or severe @entity6 . However, the high rate of recurrence and the early occurrence of multifocal @entity3 underline the limits of this method as well as of all other percutaneous strategies.

title: XXXX with @entity5 percutaneous injection.

answer: @entity3


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity4 have been associated with @entity1 risk; however, this relationship and the joint occurrence of these conditions are not well studied in the African American population OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of @entity4 in African Americans with @entity1 and to evaluate their impact on the management and outcome of @entity1 . METHODS: Medical records of 114 African Americans who had participated in population-based case-control studies of @entity1 and who sought medical care at the Karmanos Cancer Center in Detroit, Michigan, were reviewed. The medical records of these @entity0 were reviewed for demographics, @entity2 , spirometry, treatment, and outcome. Computed tomographies (CT) of the chest about the time of the diagnosis of @entity1 were reviewed by a radiologist for evidence of @entity5 . @entity4 was diagnosed when there were changes consistent with @entity5 on CTs and/or airflow obstruction by spirometry. RESULTS: There were no differences by sex for age at @entity1 diagnosis (P = .78) and @entity2 histology (P = .43). The @entity0 were more likely to present at a later stage of @entity1 diagnosis compared with the @entity0 (P = .04), and the @entity0 were more likely to have surgery than the @entity0 (P = .03). Overall, 94% of the @entity0 and 78% of the @entity0 in this population had spirometry and/or CT evidence of @entity4 . The @entity0 were somewhat more likely to have @entity4 diagnosed by either CT or spirometry than were the @entity0 (P = .06), but the Global Obstructive Lung Disease Classification scores did not differ by sex among those with spirometry-diagnosed @entity4 (P = .34). Seventy-eight percent of individuals who did not report a previous diagnosis of @entity4 had clinical evidence of @entity4 , whereas 94% of individuals who reported a previous diagnosis of @entity4 also had clinical evidence of @entity4 (P = .03). Among individuals who had both spirometry and CT data available, 29% had CT evidence of @entity5 but normal spirometry. No differences in @entity4 diagnosis (P = .82) or @entity5 diagnosis (P = .51) were noted by @entity2 histology. Stage at diagnosis also did not differ by @entity4 or @entity5 diagnosis (P = .30 and P = .06, respectively), nor did treatment modality (P = .54 and P = .10, respectively). @entity0 with @entity1 and with @entity4 , diagnosed either via spirometry or CT, did not show an increased risk of @entity3 compared with @entity0 with @entity1 and without @entity4 after adjusting for age at diagnosis, sex, and stage (hazard ratio, 1.31 [95% CI, 0.68-2.53]). CONCLUSION: There is a high incidence of @entity4 , @entity5 in particular, in a selected group of African American @entity0 with @entity1 . A significant number of these @entity0 were not aware that they had @entity4 . There was no significant difference in the outcome of @entity1 in relation to the presence or absence of @entity4 .

title: The relationship between XXXX in African American @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: RATIONALE: @entity4 have been associated with @entity1 risk; however, this relationship and the joint occurrence of these conditions are not well studied in the African American population OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence of @entity4 in African Americans with @entity1 and to evaluate their impact on the management and outcome of @entity1 . METHODS: Medical records of 114 African Americans who had participated in population-based case-control studies of @entity1 and who sought medical care at the Karmanos Cancer Center in Detroit, Michigan, were reviewed. The medical records of these @entity0 were reviewed for demographics, @entity2 , spirometry, treatment, and outcome. Computed tomographies (CT) of the chest about the time of the diagnosis of @entity1 were reviewed by a radiologist for evidence of @entity5 . @entity4 was diagnosed when there were changes consistent with @entity5 on CTs and/or airflow obstruction by spirometry. RESULTS: There were no differences by sex for age at @entity1 diagnosis (P = .78) and @entity2 histology (P = .43). The @entity0 were more likely to present at a later stage of @entity1 diagnosis compared with the @entity0 (P = .04), and the @entity0 were more likely to have surgery than the @entity0 (P = .03). Overall, 94% of the @entity0 and 78% of the @entity0 in this population had spirometry and/or CT evidence of @entity4 . The @entity0 were somewhat more likely to have @entity4 diagnosed by either CT or spirometry than were the @entity0 (P = .06), but the Global Obstructive Lung Disease Classification scores did not differ by sex among those with spirometry-diagnosed @entity4 (P = .34). Seventy-eight percent of individuals who did not report a previous diagnosis of @entity4 had clinical evidence of @entity4 , whereas 94% of individuals who reported a previous diagnosis of @entity4 also had clinical evidence of @entity4 (P = .03). Among individuals who had both spirometry and CT data available, 29% had CT evidence of @entity5 but normal spirometry. No differences in @entity4 diagnosis (P = .82) or @entity5 diagnosis (P = .51) were noted by @entity2 histology. Stage at diagnosis also did not differ by @entity4 or @entity5 diagnosis (P = .30 and P = .06, respectively), nor did treatment modality (P = .54 and P = .10, respectively). @entity0 with @entity1 and with @entity4 , diagnosed either via spirometry or CT, did not show an increased risk of @entity3 compared with @entity0 with @entity1 and without @entity4 after adjusting for age at diagnosis, sex, and stage (hazard ratio, 1.31 [95% CI, 0.68-2.53]). CONCLUSION: There is a high incidence of @entity4 , @entity5 in particular, in a selected group of African American @entity0 with @entity1 . A significant number of these @entity0 were not aware that they had @entity4 . There was no significant difference in the outcome of @entity1 in relation to the presence or absence of @entity4 .

title: The relationship between @entity1 in African American XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: To evaluate the efficacy of adding cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT) to either a low- @entity3 (LC) diet or a low-fat (LF) diet in the treatment of @entity2 @entity0 , a randomised clinical intervention study was performed. A total of 105 healthy non-pregnant @entity1 @entity0 (average age and BMI of 45.4 (sd 10.4) years and 36 (sd 4.3) kg/m2) were randomly allocated to the CBT or control (C) groups; within each group, @entity0 were randomly selected to receive either the LC or LF diet during 6 months. The pre-planned primary trial end-point was the @entity2 . Differences between the groups were assessed using one-way ANOVA. There were three @entity0 (2.8 %) who dropped out, all of them in the CBT group. No differences in the anthropometric and laboratory characteristics at baseline were noted between @entity0 in the CBT (n 52) and control groups (n 50). Intention-to-treat analysis showed that @entity2 in the CBT-LC (90 (sd 12.3) to 82.1 (sd 12.1) kg) and @entity4 (89.4 (sd 10.0) to 85.8 (sd 9.8) kg) groups reached 8.7 and 4.0 %, respectively (P < 0.0001), and in the CBT-LF (87.9 (sd 11.4) to 79.4 (sd 11.8) kg) and @entity5 (88.8 (sd 14.5) to 85.3 (sd 14.3) kg) groups it was 9.7 and 3.9 %, respectively (P < 0.05). Weight loss was higher in the CBT-LF group than in the CBT-LC groups (P = 0.049). The present results showed that adding CBT to either the LF or LC diet produced significantly greater short-term @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 compared with diet alone. These finding support the efficacy of CBT in breaking previous dietary patterns and in developing healthier attitudes that reinforce a healthier lifestyle.

title: Adding cognitive behavioural treatment to either low- XXXX or low-fat diets: differential short-term effects.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) is a poor prognostic sign for @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The generation of @entity9 is largely regulated by @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and upregulation of @entity4 by @entity10 has been observed in several types of @entity3 cells. In this study, we demonstrate constitutively activated @entity10 in several @entity0 @entity1 cell lines and in @entity3 cells infiltrated in the pleurae of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity9 . The observations suggest that activated @entity10 plays a role in the pathogenesis of @entity1 . In PC14PE6/AS2 cells, a @entity10 -positive @entity0 @entity1 cell line, autocrine @entity6 activated @entity10 via JAKs, not via @entity5 kinase. PC14PE6/AS2 cells express higher @entity4 mRNA and protein than do @entity10 -negative PC14PE6/AS2/dnStat3 cells. In an animal model, PC14P6/AS2/dnStat3 cells produced no @entity9 and less lung @entity2 than did PC14P6/AS2 cells. PC14PE6/AS2 cells also expressed higher @entity4 protein, microvessel density, and vascular permeability in @entity3 than did PC14P6/AS2/dnStat3 cells. Therefore, we hypothesize that autocrine @entity6 activation of @entity10 in @entity1 may be involved in the formation of @entity9 by upregulating @entity4 . Higher levels of @entity6 and @entity4 were also found in the pleural fluids of @entity0 with @entity1 than in @entity0 with @entity7 . The autocrine @entity6 / @entity10 / @entity4 signaling pathway may also be activated in @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity9 . These findings provide novel targets for the management of @entity9 .

title: Autocrine @entity6 -induced @entity10 activation contributes to the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma and XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) is a poor prognostic sign for @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The generation of @entity9 is largely regulated by @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and upregulation of @entity4 by @entity10 has been observed in several types of @entity3 cells. In this study, we demonstrate constitutively activated @entity10 in several @entity0 @entity1 cell lines and in @entity3 cells infiltrated in the pleurae of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity9 . The observations suggest that activated @entity10 plays a role in the pathogenesis of @entity1 . In PC14PE6/AS2 cells, a @entity10 -positive @entity0 @entity1 cell line, autocrine @entity6 activated @entity10 via JAKs, not via @entity5 kinase. PC14PE6/AS2 cells express higher @entity4 mRNA and protein than do @entity10 -negative PC14PE6/AS2/dnStat3 cells. In an animal model, PC14P6/AS2/dnStat3 cells produced no @entity9 and less lung @entity2 than did PC14P6/AS2 cells. PC14PE6/AS2 cells also expressed higher @entity4 protein, microvessel density, and vascular permeability in @entity3 than did PC14P6/AS2/dnStat3 cells. Therefore, we hypothesize that autocrine @entity6 activation of @entity10 in @entity1 may be involved in the formation of @entity9 by upregulating @entity4 . Higher levels of @entity6 and @entity4 were also found in the pleural fluids of @entity0 with @entity1 than in @entity0 with @entity7 . The autocrine @entity6 / @entity10 / @entity4 signaling pathway may also be activated in @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity9 . These findings provide novel targets for the management of @entity9 .

title: Autocrine XXXX -induced @entity10 activation contributes to the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma and @entity9 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) is a poor prognostic sign for @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The generation of @entity9 is largely regulated by @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and upregulation of @entity4 by @entity10 has been observed in several types of @entity3 cells. In this study, we demonstrate constitutively activated @entity10 in several @entity0 @entity1 cell lines and in @entity3 cells infiltrated in the pleurae of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity9 . The observations suggest that activated @entity10 plays a role in the pathogenesis of @entity1 . In PC14PE6/AS2 cells, a @entity10 -positive @entity0 @entity1 cell line, autocrine @entity6 activated @entity10 via JAKs, not via @entity5 kinase. PC14PE6/AS2 cells express higher @entity4 mRNA and protein than do @entity10 -negative PC14PE6/AS2/dnStat3 cells. In an animal model, PC14P6/AS2/dnStat3 cells produced no @entity9 and less lung @entity2 than did PC14P6/AS2 cells. PC14PE6/AS2 cells also expressed higher @entity4 protein, microvessel density, and vascular permeability in @entity3 than did PC14P6/AS2/dnStat3 cells. Therefore, we hypothesize that autocrine @entity6 activation of @entity10 in @entity1 may be involved in the formation of @entity9 by upregulating @entity4 . Higher levels of @entity6 and @entity4 were also found in the pleural fluids of @entity0 with @entity1 than in @entity0 with @entity7 . The autocrine @entity6 / @entity10 / @entity4 signaling pathway may also be activated in @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity9 . These findings provide novel targets for the management of @entity9 .

title: Autocrine @entity6 -induced XXXX activation contributes to the pathogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma and @entity9 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity2 is a disease characterized by progressive @entity4 resulting in @entity3 , which affects approximately 68 million @entity0 worldwide. Risk factors include intraocular pressure (IOP), genetics, race, age, and vascular factors. Exercise is known to affect IOP and systemic cardiovascular factors and, therefore, may affect @entity2 pathophysiology. This review discusses the results of articles relevant to @entity2 , IOP, @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and exercise. Isometric and dynamic exercises have been studied with respect to effects on IOP and @entity1 . Isometric exercise results in an acute decrease in IOP, which correlates with @entity6 . Dynamic exercise results in a more pronounced but also short duration decrease in IOP. Physical fitness is associated with lower baseline IOP but diminished acute IOP-lowering response to exercise. Upon cessation of exercise, values return to pretrained levels within 1 month. In @entity2 @entity0 , these IOP-lowering effects are greater than in healthy subjects. In healthy subjects, @entity1 is unchanged during exercise due to vascular autoregulation. This autoregulation fails at ocular perfusion pressures greater than 70% above baseline. In conclusion exercise in @entity2 @entity0 results in acutely lowered IOP and lower baseline IOP. The effects of exercise on the prevention of @entity2 and @entity5 remain unknown. The role of exercise in @entity2 management should be investigated.

title: Effects of exercise on intraocular pressure and XXXX : a review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low dose @entity2 stress magnetic resonance imaging is valuable to assess viability in @entity0 with @entity1 . Analysis is usually qualitative with considerable operator dependency. The aim of the current study was to investigate the feasibility of cine images derived quantitative cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) myocardial feature tracking (FT) strain parameters to assess viability in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: 15 consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 referred for viability assessment were studied at 3T at rest and during low dose @entity2 stress (5 and 10 g/kg/min of @entity2 ). Subendocardial and subepicardial circumferential (Eccendo and Eccepi) and radial ( @entity3 ) strains were assessed using steady state free precession (SSFP) cine images orientated in 3 short axis slices covering 16 @entity1 . RESULTS: Dysfunctional segments without scar (n=75) improved in all three strain parameters: Eccendo (Rest: -10.5  6.9; 5 g: -12.1  6.9; 10 g: -14.1  9.2; p<0.05), Eccepi (Rest: -7  4.8; 5 g: -8.2  5.5; 10 g: -9.1  5.9; p<0.05) and @entity3 (Rest: 11.7  8.3; 5 g: 16  10.9; 10 g: 16.5  12.8; p<0.05). There was no response to @entity2 in dysfunctional segments with scar transmurality above 75% (n=6): Eccendo (Rest: -4.7  3.0; 5 g: -2.9  2.5; 10 g: -6.6  3.3; p=ns), Eccepi (Rest: -2.9  2.9; 5 g: -5.4  3.9; 10 g: -4.5  4.2; p=ns) and @entity3 (Rest:9.5  5; 5 g:5.4  6.2; 10 g:4.9  3.3; p=ns). Circumferential strain (Eccendo, Eccepi) improved in all segments up to a transmurality of 75% (n=60; p<0.05). @entity3 improved in segments <50% transmurality (n=45; p<0.05) and remained unchanged above 50% transmurality (n=21; p=ns). CONCLUSIONS: CMR-FT is a novel technique, which detects quantitative wall motion derived from SSFP cine imaging at rest and with low dose @entity2 stress. CMR-FT holds promise of quantitative assessment of viability in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance myocardial feature tracking for quantitative viability assessment in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of the present review is to describe recent approaches aimed at improving the treatment of @entity1 through @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Special emphasis will be given to the approach based on specific targeting of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-II antigen-presentation pathway. RECENT FINDINGS: It is well recognized that IgE-mediated @entity1 including @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity1 are increasing worldwide to a pandemic dimension. The only curative treatment remains allergen- @entity4 , which, however, requires a long treatment time of 3-5 years with up to 80 injections to confer protection. Recent findings strongly indicate that the treatment time and the number of injections could be drastically reduced by turning immunotherapy to a true vaccination. Direct injection of allergen extracts into the inguinal lymph nodes and targeting the @entity5 -presentation pathway by recombinant modular antigen-translocating vaccines have the potential to cure @entity1 in a very short time. SUMMARY: The mechanisms of @entity0 can be divided into four distinct stages: T cell activation, organ-selective homing, survival/reactivation and effector functions. On the basis of this new knowledge several novel concepts aimed at treating @entity1 have been developed. The area of allergen- @entity4 is experiencing exciting developments. Reciprocal regulation of effector and regulatory T cell subsets is being more and more used to develop novel strategies for immunomodulation.

title: Modular antigen-translocation as a novel vaccine strategy for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Some of the MAGE gene family that @entity1 -rejection antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes are expressed at the mRNA level in various @entity1 . However, these genes are silent in normal tissues, except in the testis and placenta. It is therefore important to understand how MAGE gene expression changes with malignant transformation of the testis. We investigated the expression of @entity5 genes at the mRNA level in @entity2 . METHODS: Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for MAGE genes was performed using 32 testicular germ cell @entity1 specimens. RESULTS: @entity5 mRNA was detected in 16 (72%), 15 (68%), 18 (82%), and 17 (77%) of 22 @entity0 with pure @entity3 or mixed type with @entity4 elements. @entity5 mRNA was found in 2 (20%), 5 (50%), 4 (40%), and 4 (40%) of 10 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The expression rate of @entity6 mRNA was significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity4 elements than that in those with @entity4 . MAGE expression did not correlate with disease progression. CONCLUSIONS: MAGE genes are more preserved in @entity3 than in @entity4 . This suggests that @entity3 has traits more similar to normal testis than does @entity4 .

title: Expression of MAGE genes in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: A consecutive series of @entity0 with @entity1 in the practice of one neurovascular surgeon was retrospectively reviewed to illustrate that one physician can become proficient in microneurosurgery as well as endovascular surgery and achieve favorable outcomes in both disciplines. This supports one model of training for cerebrovascular surgeons that includes the complimentary practice of open microneurovascular surgery with endovascular surgery. METHODS: The senior author ( @entity3 ) treated 351 @entity0 with 413 @entity2 between July 2001 and March 2007. Of these, 172 @entity0 (216 @entity2 ) were treated with open microneurosurgical techniques and 179 @entity0 (197 @entity2 ) were treated using endovascular techniques. RESULTS: Complete obliteration was attained in 94.3% of clipped @entity2 , and 61.9% and 65.9% of coiled @entity2 immediately and after at least 6 months of follow-up, respectively. At latest evaluation, 93% of endovascular @entity0 and 90% of microneurosurgical @entity0 had good clinical outcomes (GOS, 4 or 5; mean follow-up, 23 months; combines ruptured and unruptured cohorts). Procedure-related mortality included 1 surgical @entity0 and 2 endovascular @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Because the fields of microvascular and endovascular surgeries are both technically complex, there has been concern that hybrid cerebrovascular surgeons cannot perform each technique with the skill necessary to achieve good outcomes. When compared to clipping and coiling reviews in the neurosurgical literature, we illustrate that one hybrid neurovascular surgeon is capable of attaining great facility in both techniques and that this type of physician will represent one practice model of cerebrovascular specialist in the future. This has potential implications for the training of hybrid cerebrovascular surgeons.

title: The combined approach to XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 is the leading cause of @entity2 deaths worldwide. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is the largest subgroup of the disease and accounts for approximately 80% of @entity1 . Most @entity0 with @entity3 are diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic disease. The current treatment options for such @entity0 are associated with substantial limitations in efficacy and safety. Targeted therapies have provided some improvement in clinical outcomes. Recent efforts have focused on identifying specific markers that are predictive of response to treatment. A pretreatment detection of such markers could facilitate a more personalized and specific approach to therapy, whereby the most appropriate and efficacious treatment is selected for a specific subset of @entity0 . Such a tailored approach would maximize both the therapeutic index and cost-effectiveness of treatments. In addition, several novel agents are under development, which may have the potential for overcoming acquired resistance to existing treatments. This supplement will review the current and emerging treatments for @entity0 with advanced @entity3 and the molecular predictors of response that may facilitate the future clinical application of personalized medicine.

title: The role of genetic testing in the prediction of response to EGFR inhibitors in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In Sweden, morbidity in dairy @entity1 is monitored through a national disease recording system. This system gives valuable information for research as well as advisory work and genetic evaluation. Our main objective was to evaluate the completeness in the disease recording system. Farm copies of veterinary records (n=851) from 112 herds, from March 2003 to April 2004, were compared with the information registered in the recording system. The evaluation of completeness was performed at two stages: (i) in the raw data transferred from the Swedish Board of Agriculture (SBA) to the Swedish Dairy Association (for records, cases and diagnostic events) and (ii) in the @entity0 ( @entity0 ) at the Swedish Dairy Association (for diagnostic events). The evaluation was stratified by record type: manual and computerized records from state-employed veterinarians and private veterinarians, respectively. The completeness was high both for records (95-100%) and cases (90-99%) except manual records from private veterinarians (76% for records and 74% for cases). The overall completeness for diagnostic events was 75% in the @entity0 , with significant differences between record types. For all record types other than manual records from private veterinarians, the majority of diagnostic events lost disappeared after registration in the raw data from the SBA. The reasons for loss found suggest that there is potential for improvement. A multilevel logistic regression analysis showed that the completeness of diagnostic events in the @entity0 depended on region, diagnosis and veterinary employment. The random effect of veterinarian accounted for 35% of the modeled variation. Future studies are needed to assess how the differential misclassification affect estimates based on the data, and how to account for it.

title: Validation of a national disease recording system for dairy XXXX against veterinary practice records.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The periplasmic molecular chaperone @entity6 of @entity2 is a typical representative of a subfamily of specific chaperones involved in assembly of surface adhesins with a very simple structure. One characteristic feature of this @entity6 -like subfamily is possession of an extended, variable sequence (termed FGL) between the F1 and subunit binding G1 beta-strands. In contrast, @entity3 subfamily members, characterized by PapD, have a short F1-G1 loop and are involved in assembly of complex pili. To elucidate the structural and functional significance of the FGL sequence, a mutant @entity6 molecule (dCaf1M), in which the 27 @entity1 residues between the F1 and G1 beta-strands had been deleted, was constructed. Expression of the mutated @entity6 in @entity0 resulted in accumulation of high levels of dCaf1M. The far-UV circular dichroism spectra of the mutant and wild-type proteins were indistinguishable and exhibited practically the same temperature and pH dependencies. Thus, the FGL sequence of @entity6 clearly does not contribute significantly to the stability of the protein conformation. Preferential cleavage of @entity6 by trypsin at Lys-119 confirmed surface exposure of this part of the FGL sequence in the isolated chaperone and periplasmic chaperone-subunit complex. There was no evidence of surface-localized @entity5 subunit in the presence of the @entity4 outer membrane protein and dCaf1M. In contrast to @entity6 , dCaf1M was not able to form a stable complex with @entity5 nor could it protect the subunit from proteolytic degradation in vivo. This demonstration that the FGL sequence is required for stable chaperone-subunit interaction, but not for folding of a stable chaperone, provides a sound basis for future detailed molecular analyses of the FGL subfamily of chaperones.

title: Structural and functional significance of the FGL sequence of the periplasmic chaperone XXXX M of @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The periplasmic molecular chaperone @entity6 of @entity2 is a typical representative of a subfamily of specific chaperones involved in assembly of surface adhesins with a very simple structure. One characteristic feature of this @entity6 -like subfamily is possession of an extended, variable sequence (termed FGL) between the F1 and subunit binding G1 beta-strands. In contrast, @entity3 subfamily members, characterized by PapD, have a short F1-G1 loop and are involved in assembly of complex pili. To elucidate the structural and functional significance of the FGL sequence, a mutant @entity6 molecule (dCaf1M), in which the 27 @entity1 residues between the F1 and G1 beta-strands had been deleted, was constructed. Expression of the mutated @entity6 in @entity0 resulted in accumulation of high levels of dCaf1M. The far-UV circular dichroism spectra of the mutant and wild-type proteins were indistinguishable and exhibited practically the same temperature and pH dependencies. Thus, the FGL sequence of @entity6 clearly does not contribute significantly to the stability of the protein conformation. Preferential cleavage of @entity6 by trypsin at Lys-119 confirmed surface exposure of this part of the FGL sequence in the isolated chaperone and periplasmic chaperone-subunit complex. There was no evidence of surface-localized @entity5 subunit in the presence of the @entity4 outer membrane protein and dCaf1M. In contrast to @entity6 , dCaf1M was not able to form a stable complex with @entity5 nor could it protect the subunit from proteolytic degradation in vivo. This demonstration that the FGL sequence is required for stable chaperone-subunit interaction, but not for folding of a stable chaperone, provides a sound basis for future detailed molecular analyses of the FGL subfamily of chaperones.

title: Structural and functional significance of the FGL sequence of the periplasmic chaperone @entity5 M of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: During the autumn and winter of 2004 and 2005, an extensive outbreak of waterborne @entity2 occurred in Bergen, Norway. Over 1,500 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity2 . Analysis of water from the implicated source revealed low numbers of @entity1 , but the initial contamination event probably occurred up to 10 weeks previously. While sewage leakage from a residential area is now considered to be the probable source of contamination, during the episode waste from one particular septic tank was thought to be a possible source. Genotyping of cysts from the septic tank demonstrated that they were assemblage A cysts, although the sequences were not identical to any previously published sequences. For the beta-giardin gene, the closest published subgenotype was subgenotype A3; for the @entity3 gene, the closest published subgenotype was subgenotype A2. Genotyping of cysts from 21 @entity0 samples revealed that they were assemblage B cysts; thus, the septic tank was unlikely to be the contamination source. Sequencing of the beta-giardin and @entity3 genes from @entity0 samples and a comparison of the sequences gave complex results. For the beta-giardin gene, three isolates had sequences identical to subgenotype B3 sequences. However, other isolates had between one and four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). For the @entity3 gene, none of the sequences were identical to the sequence published for subgenotype B3, and the sequences had between one and three SNPs. One isolate, which was identical to subgenotype B3 at the beta-giardin gene, was more similar to subgenotype B2 at the @entity3 gene. Grouping the isolates on the basis of SNPs resulted in different groups for the two genes. The results are discussed in relation to @entity2 in Norway and to other Giardia genotyping studies.

title: Application of genotyping during an extensive outbreak of waterborne XXXX in Bergen, Norway, during autumn and winter 2004.

answer: @entity2