abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 are frequent after surgery for @entity1 . @entity4 ( @entity4 ) improves local recurrence and survival rates, and does not hamper recognition and sparing of @entity6 . It is not known how laparoscopic rectal resection could change functional complication rates. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From a global series of 1,216 laparoscopic interventions for @entity2 , 35 cases of males less than 70  years old, undergoing rectal resection and @entity4 for a T1-3M0 medium and low @entity1 were selected. Urinary and sexual functions after the operations were retrospectively recorded by means of specific tools (International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and IIEF questionnaires, respectively). RESULTS: None of the @entity0 necessitated permanent or intermittent catheterization. More than half the @entity0 had no complaints about urinary functions; about one third had @entity8 ; 72% of the @entity0 had an IPSS less that 10, and no case of IPSS worse that 31 was recorded. Sexual desire was reduced and spontaneous erectile function was impaired in almost half the cases, while induced erections were possible in about 90% of cases; about 70% of @entity0 still had the possibility of penetration and a normal ejaculation and orgasm after the intervention. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The present series confirms previous data and contribute to the creation of a benchmark specifically related to the laparoscopic approach to which surgeons should face when informing the @entity0 before the operation. While severe @entity7 is rare, @entity5 remains a serious concern after rectal resection with @entity4 .

title: @entity3 after laparoscopic @entity4 for XXXX in males.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: We describe a method for the direct application of MR images to navigation-assisted @entity4 surgery as an alternative to CT-MRI fusion. METHOD: Six @entity0 with an orthopedic malignancy were employed for this method during navigation-assisted @entity1 resection. Tumor types included @entity2 (4), high-grade @entity3 (1), and @entity5 (1). Mean @entity0 age was 25.3  years (range 18-52  years). Mean duration of follow-up was 25.8  months (range 18-32  months). Resorbable pin placement and rapid 3-dimensional spoiled gradient echo sequences made the direct application of MR images to computer-assisted @entity4 surgery without CT-MR image fusion possible. A paired-point registration technique was employed for @entity0 -image registration in all @entity0 . RESULTS: It took 20  min on average to set up the navigation (range 15-25  min). The mean registration error was 0.98  mm (range 0.4-1.7  mm). On histologic examination, distances from @entity1 to resection margins were in accord with preoperative plans. No @entity0 had a local recurrence or distant metastasis at the last follow-up. CONCLUSION: Direct @entity0 -to-MRI registration is a very useful method for @entity4 surgery, permitting the application of MR images to intraoperative visualization without any additional costs or exposure of the @entity0 to radiation from the preoperative CT scan.

title: Direct application of MR images to computer-assisted XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The systematics of the Ostertagiinae is unsettled with no agreement on how many genera and species are present in @entity0 and @entity1 . Ten species of Ostertagiinae are commonly parasitic in @entity0 and @entity1 . The males can be identified on the basis of differences in morphology of spicules and genital cones but the females of most species cannot be identified. The species-level systematics have been complicated by the proposal that the ten species are polymorphs of only five species. The systematics at genus level has been complicated by the use of numerous genera for the ten species, at present most commonly Ostertagia, @entity4 and Marshallagia. This report (1) describes the current knowledge of the systematics and (2) provides diagnoses of the genera recommended for the ten species. The morphology of the ten species was studied to determine whether characteristics could be found to identify females or to further differentiate the males. Characters studied included the system of longitudinal and surface cuticular ridges (synlophe), the internal morphology of the esophagus and the orientation of rays of the copulatory bursa. The study of species morphology resulted in additional support for the polymorphism proposal. All minor species were found to be identical to their major species in characteristics of the synlophe, esophagus and rays of the copulatory bursa. Two recent classifications of the Ostertagiinae both recommended the use of the genus @entity4 for the species @entity4 and the two minor species that occur with it, T. trifurcata and T. davtiani. @entity4 is characterized by a copulatory bursa in which the five lateral rays are arranged 2-2-1 and a ventral swelling of the genital cone (proconus) is absent. One pair of species, @entity2 (major species) and Ostertagia occidentalis (minor species) should be included in the @entity3 . This genus has been characterized by an elongated bursa in which the posterior pair of lateral rays are much longer than the ventral pair. The remaining two pairs of species (O. ostertagi and its minor species O. lyrata, and O. leptospicularis and its minor species O. kolchida) and O. bisonis belong in the genus Ostertagia which is characterized by a 2-1-2 arrangement of the five lateral rays of the copulatory bursa and the presence of a proconus.

title: Systematics of the nematodes that cause ostertagiasis in @entity0 , XXXX and goats in North America.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The systematics of the Ostertagiinae is unsettled with no agreement on how many genera and species are present in @entity0 and @entity1 . Ten species of Ostertagiinae are commonly parasitic in @entity0 and @entity1 . The males can be identified on the basis of differences in morphology of spicules and genital cones but the females of most species cannot be identified. The species-level systematics have been complicated by the proposal that the ten species are polymorphs of only five species. The systematics at genus level has been complicated by the use of numerous genera for the ten species, at present most commonly Ostertagia, @entity4 and Marshallagia. This report (1) describes the current knowledge of the systematics and (2) provides diagnoses of the genera recommended for the ten species. The morphology of the ten species was studied to determine whether characteristics could be found to identify females or to further differentiate the males. Characters studied included the system of longitudinal and surface cuticular ridges (synlophe), the internal morphology of the esophagus and the orientation of rays of the copulatory bursa. The study of species morphology resulted in additional support for the polymorphism proposal. All minor species were found to be identical to their major species in characteristics of the synlophe, esophagus and rays of the copulatory bursa. Two recent classifications of the Ostertagiinae both recommended the use of the genus @entity4 for the species @entity4 and the two minor species that occur with it, T. trifurcata and T. davtiani. @entity4 is characterized by a copulatory bursa in which the five lateral rays are arranged 2-2-1 and a ventral swelling of the genital cone (proconus) is absent. One pair of species, @entity2 (major species) and Ostertagia occidentalis (minor species) should be included in the @entity3 . This genus has been characterized by an elongated bursa in which the posterior pair of lateral rays are much longer than the ventral pair. The remaining two pairs of species (O. ostertagi and its minor species O. lyrata, and O. leptospicularis and its minor species O. kolchida) and O. bisonis belong in the genus Ostertagia which is characterized by a 2-1-2 arrangement of the five lateral rays of the copulatory bursa and the presence of a proconus.

title: Systematics of the nematodes that cause ostertagiasis in XXXX , @entity1 and goats in North America.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 in young adults is an unsolved problem and neglected @entity2 presents more challenge to the orthopaedics surgeon if femoral head salvage is attempted. We reviewed the operative results of neglected @entity2 in young adults with fixation with dual fibular bone grafting Purpose of study was evaluation of epidemiological, clinical, functional, rehabilitative outcome and complications in such @entity0 . METHODS: Twentyeight @entity0 in age group 18-50 years were operated having @entity2 by dual fibular bone grafting in the Department of Orthopaedics, S.N. Medical College, Agra in (May 2005-February 2008) and divided into two groups. Group A: comprised of 8 @entity0 treated by dual fibular bone grafting alone and Group B: comprised of 18 @entity0 treated by dual fibular bone grafting with single cancellous hip screw. RESULTS: All the @entity0 of the present series were having neglected intracapsular @entity1 , neck femur which were treated by dual fibular bone grafting with or without cancellous hip screw fixation. Majority of the @entity0 had good to fair result according to Larson method with average time of union 16 weeks. All @entity0 had useful range of movement at hip. Satisfactory union was achieved in all @entity0 except two. CONCLUSION: Double bone grafting is a simple and cost effective modality of treatment for late @entity2 with good results. It is a stable and biological method of fixation with preservation of natural femoral head with fewer complications.

title: Evaluation of osteosynthesis with dual fibular bone grafting for neglected XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 has continued to be a worrying problem in endemic zones. An account is given in this paper of 25 years of experience in @entity4 treatment. Reported are 575 @entity0 on whom operations had been performed at the Surgical Clinic of Malaga University under the supervision of Professor Vara L  pez. Fifty-six per cent of these @entity0 were males and the remainder females. The disease was found to occur with regularity to all age groups. Cough, @entity1 , and geographic origin were characteristic phenomena of the disease and its anamnestic background. Diagnosis was confirmed by these parameters together with @entity3 , complement fixation reaction according to Weinberg, intracutaneous testing according to Casoni, and radiography. Surgical approaches were pericystectomy in 415 cases, cystectomy in 57 cases, segmentectomy in 64, lobectomy in 34, and pneumectomy in five cases. @entity2 occurred to seven per cent of the @entity0 , and the lethality rate amounted to 1.5 per cent. The absence of clinical information in publications is discussed together with lack of analyses of clinical situations, modes of treatment, and complications.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX of the lung based on 575 personal cases and a study of the literature].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Intracerebroventricular (ICVT) administration of @entity3 (EB) to ovariectomized female @entity0 decreased drinking and pressor responses to central injections of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity1 treatment does not have this effect in male @entity0 . As EB given ICVT reaches many brain areas, the site of action of EB was localized using crystalline implants of EB in the medial preoptic area or the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus. These areas were chosen as they have a high density of @entity1 receptors. Only medial preoptic area application of @entity1 decreased @entity2 -induced drinking. Angiotensin receptor binding was examined in homogenates from different brain regions to determine if the mechanism through which @entity1 decreases central responses to @entity2 involves altered receptor function. Systemic EB did not affect @entity2 receptor binding in several brain regions but binding was decreased in homogenates from the preoptic area and septum-thalamus blocks which encompassed structures (median preoptic nucleus, organum vasculosum, and subfornical organ) implicated in central actions of @entity2 . The sex specificity of the effect of @entity1 was dependent on @entity4 . Manipulation of the neonatal hormone environment, which alters this brain differentiation, also altered the characteristic responses of the two sexes to @entity1 . Neonatal androgenization of females, which causes masculinization and defeminization, resulted in animals which as adults no longer responded to EB with decreased drinking. On the other hand, preventing the development of a male brain by neonatal castration produced animals which as adults tended to decrease their drinking following @entity1 . In summary, this study found that EB acts in the preoptic area to depress @entity2 -induced responses by a site specific modulation of central @entity2 receptors. Alteration of early brain development changed the responses of the two sexes to @entity1 , perhaps by altering sexual differentiation of the preoptic area.

title: Angiotensin- XXXX central interaction: localization and mechanism.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In January 1977, the authors developed a protocol to test the advisability and feasibility of immediate simultaneous reconstruction in the treatment of primary @entity0 . Initial concerns included the morbidity of the procedure, the potential for compromise of cure and of adjuvant @entity2 therapy, and the aesthetic acceptability of immediate reconstruction both to the @entity1 and to the surgeon. All @entity1 were seen preoperatively by both the oncologic surgeon (T.G.F.) and the plastic and reconstructive surgeon, (R.B.N.), and underwent modified radical mastectomy and simultaneous reconstruction. The initial protocol included only those @entity1 with @entity2 1 cm or smaller, but over the last 25 cases the protocol has been expanded to include any @entity1 presenting with clinical Stage I @entity0 . To date, 70 such @entity1 (ages 27-63 years) have undergone immediate simultaneous reconstruction as part of their treatment. Twenty-five @entity1 had evidence of microscopic @entity3 (35.7%). All @entity1 were offered adjuvant therapy, and in no case was therapy delayed beyond 4 weeks postoperatively. Three @entity1 developed complications resulting in loss of implant (4.3%). All @entity1 have been followed at regular intervals, and no @entity1 has been lost to follow-up. In only one @entity1 was there a local recurrence without distant disease. Survival curves are consistent with the stage of the disease. The surgical techniques utilized and the methods of @entity1 selection are discussed. The authors conclude that this is a desirable and viable option in selected @entity1 with primary @entity0 , and that immediate simultaneous reconstruction can be done with an acceptable morbidity and without compromise of @entity2 therapy.

title: An objective analysis of immediate simultaneous reconstruction in the treatment of primary XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Tissue was taken from 16 @entity0 with @entity6 (10 nontoxic nodular colloid goiter, two @entity5 , one @entity5 , one @entity7 -induced @entity8 , 2 @entity8 ) and 18 @entity0 with @entity1 [seven papillary, five follicular, five undifferentiated (anaplastic), and one @entity3 ] and was xenotransplanted into the flanks of 124 syngeneic female BALB/c-nu/nu @entity2 6 weeks of age. Subsequently, without any further treatment, serum levels of @entity9 (TG), T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone were determined by radioimmunoassay at 4 or 5 weeks posttransplantation and at the end of the experimental time period of 4 months. All animals were autopsied. The grafts were examined by light microscopy and TG immunohistochemistry. Morphologically, the grafts of benign and @entity1 showed features overall identical to the original tissue. Conversely, nontoxic nodular colloid goiter and @entity8 grafts revealed a transformation to normofollicular structures. All benign thyroid grafts showed a stationary growth, as did most differentiated @entity4 . @entity1 take rates in differentiated and in @entity3 were 15%, and in @entity3 , 100%. In the @entity1 grafts, a correlation between resting phase (period until progressive @entity1 ) and survival time of the corresponding @entity0 was disclosed. All @entity0 whose @entity1 were not taken by @entity2 are still alive and show no signs of progressive @entity1 at 9 to 34 months after surgery. All but one @entity0 with @entity1 revealing positive @entity1 take died within 3 months (resting phase, 3 weeks) or one year (resting phase, 7 to 14 weeks) after surgery. Integrity of hormonal function in benign and malignant xenografts at 4 months posttransplantation could be shown by significantly higher T3 and T4 serum concentrations in animals with benign thyroid tissues (T3, 1.69 +/- 0.13 nmol/liter; T4, 45.69 +/- 2.09 nmol/liter; S.E.) as compared to controls without grafted tissue [T3, 1.29 +/- 0.10 nmol/liter (p less than 0.05); T4, 33.39 +/- 2.71 nmol/liter (p less than 0.05)] and by increased TG serum concentrations in animals receiving benign (TG, 2.70 +/- 1.39 ng/ml) or malignant (e.g., @entity3 , 34.44 +/- 13.83 ng/ml; controls, 0.30 +/- 0.02 ng/ml) thyroid tissue. Thus, we conclude that benign and malignant thyroid xenografts in the nude @entity2 maintain full morphological and, regarding T3, T4, and TG serum levels, functional integrity for at least 4 months after transplantation.

title: Growth and function of thirty-four XXXX benign and malignant thyroid xenografts in untreated @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Tissue was taken from 16 @entity0 with @entity6 (10 nontoxic nodular colloid goiter, two @entity5 , one @entity5 , one @entity7 -induced @entity8 , 2 @entity8 ) and 18 @entity0 with @entity1 [seven papillary, five follicular, five undifferentiated (anaplastic), and one @entity3 ] and was xenotransplanted into the flanks of 124 syngeneic female BALB/c-nu/nu @entity2 6 weeks of age. Subsequently, without any further treatment, serum levels of @entity9 (TG), T3, T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone were determined by radioimmunoassay at 4 or 5 weeks posttransplantation and at the end of the experimental time period of 4 months. All animals were autopsied. The grafts were examined by light microscopy and TG immunohistochemistry. Morphologically, the grafts of benign and @entity1 showed features overall identical to the original tissue. Conversely, nontoxic nodular colloid goiter and @entity8 grafts revealed a transformation to normofollicular structures. All benign thyroid grafts showed a stationary growth, as did most differentiated @entity4 . @entity1 take rates in differentiated and in @entity3 were 15%, and in @entity3 , 100%. In the @entity1 grafts, a correlation between resting phase (period until progressive @entity1 ) and survival time of the corresponding @entity0 was disclosed. All @entity0 whose @entity1 were not taken by @entity2 are still alive and show no signs of progressive @entity1 at 9 to 34 months after surgery. All but one @entity0 with @entity1 revealing positive @entity1 take died within 3 months (resting phase, 3 weeks) or one year (resting phase, 7 to 14 weeks) after surgery. Integrity of hormonal function in benign and malignant xenografts at 4 months posttransplantation could be shown by significantly higher T3 and T4 serum concentrations in animals with benign thyroid tissues (T3, 1.69 +/- 0.13 nmol/liter; T4, 45.69 +/- 2.09 nmol/liter; S.E.) as compared to controls without grafted tissue [T3, 1.29 +/- 0.10 nmol/liter (p less than 0.05); T4, 33.39 +/- 2.71 nmol/liter (p less than 0.05)] and by increased TG serum concentrations in animals receiving benign (TG, 2.70 +/- 1.39 ng/ml) or malignant (e.g., @entity3 , 34.44 +/- 13.83 ng/ml; controls, 0.30 +/- 0.02 ng/ml) thyroid tissue. Thus, we conclude that benign and malignant thyroid xenografts in the nude @entity2 maintain full morphological and, regarding T3, T4, and TG serum levels, functional integrity for at least 4 months after transplantation.

title: Growth and function of thirty-four @entity0 benign and malignant thyroid xenografts in untreated XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: This study examined the impact of caring for @entity0 with medical complexity (CMC) and high resource use on family quality of life (QoL). METHODS: Families of CMC enrolled in a complex care program completed the PedsQL Family Impact module (PedsQL FIM) and Healthcare Satisfaction module (PedsQL @entity1 ) at enrollment then 1 and 2 years after enrollment. Tertiary center resource utilization and staff care coordination time were collected for the two years. RESULTS: PedsQL FIM scores were low at enrollment and did not improve over time. Social Functioning, Worry, and Daily Activities were the lowest domains. PedsQL @entity1 scores were higher at enrollment, but also failed to improve over the two years. Changes in resource use were not associated with changes in PedsQL FIM or @entity1 scores. Staff care coordination time was highest for @entity0 with >=  10 hospital days per year. CONCLUSION: CMC families' low QoL did not appear to be related to healthcare satisfaction or a shift from inpatient to outpatient resource use. Less staff support for families of CMC who spent more time at home may have contributed to their continued low QoL. Further study is required to identify causes of and strategies for improving the low QoL of families of CMC.

title: Impact of caring for XXXX with medical complexity and high resource use on family quality of life.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We investigated the status of circulating kinins in @entity0 with severe @entity1 caused by drinking 1% @entity2 (saline) and treatment with @entity7 ( @entity6 , 25 mg/kg/wk s.c.) for 5 weeks. Saline-drinking @entity0 treated with @entity6 had a higher systolic blood pressure (210 +/- 4 mm Hg) than did @entity0 without @entity6 treatment drinking water (138 +/- 3 mm Hg) or saline (141 +/- 3 mm Hg). The concentration of kinins in the inferior vena cava plasma of @entity6 -salt @entity1 @entity0 did not differ from the venous plasma kinin concentration in normotensive @entity0 drinking water or saline. In contrast, the arterial plasma kinin concentration in @entity6 -salt @entity1 @entity0 (7.0 +/- 0.8 pg/ml) was lower (p less than 0.002) than that in water-drinking controls (14.0 +/- 2.2 pg/ml); it also was lower (p less than 0.005) in saline-drinking @entity0 (8.1 +/- 0.9 pg/ml) than in water-drinking controls. Infusion of @entity4 (20 micrograms/kg/min i.v.) increased arterial plasma kinins in all the groups. Nonetheless, the arterial plasma kinin concentration achieved during @entity4 infusion in @entity6 -salt @entity1 (1590 +/- 130 pg/ml) and in saline-drinking @entity0 (1540 +/- 100 pg/ml) was lower than that in water-drinking @entity0 (2140 +/- 210 pg/ml). On the other hand, during infusion of the @entity3 inhibitor @entity5 (80 micrograms/hr i.p.) for 3 days, neither @entity6 -salt @entity1 @entity0 nor saline-drinking normotensive @entity0 exhibited significant reduction of arterial plasma kinins relative to the level in water-drinking controls. These data indicate that high salt intake, irrespective of the level of blood pressure, causes the arterial plasma concentration of kinins to fall.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Plasma kinin concentration in @entity7 -salt XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We investigated the status of circulating kinins in @entity0 with severe @entity1 caused by drinking 1% @entity2 (saline) and treatment with @entity7 ( @entity6 , 25 mg/kg/wk s.c.) for 5 weeks. Saline-drinking @entity0 treated with @entity6 had a higher systolic blood pressure (210 +/- 4 mm Hg) than did @entity0 without @entity6 treatment drinking water (138 +/- 3 mm Hg) or saline (141 +/- 3 mm Hg). The concentration of kinins in the inferior vena cava plasma of @entity6 -salt @entity1 @entity0 did not differ from the venous plasma kinin concentration in normotensive @entity0 drinking water or saline. In contrast, the arterial plasma kinin concentration in @entity6 -salt @entity1 @entity0 (7.0 +/- 0.8 pg/ml) was lower (p less than 0.002) than that in water-drinking controls (14.0 +/- 2.2 pg/ml); it also was lower (p less than 0.005) in saline-drinking @entity0 (8.1 +/- 0.9 pg/ml) than in water-drinking controls. Infusion of @entity4 (20 micrograms/kg/min i.v.) increased arterial plasma kinins in all the groups. Nonetheless, the arterial plasma kinin concentration achieved during @entity4 infusion in @entity6 -salt @entity1 (1590 +/- 130 pg/ml) and in saline-drinking @entity0 (1540 +/- 100 pg/ml) was lower than that in water-drinking @entity0 (2140 +/- 210 pg/ml). On the other hand, during infusion of the @entity3 inhibitor @entity5 (80 micrograms/hr i.p.) for 3 days, neither @entity6 -salt @entity1 @entity0 nor saline-drinking normotensive @entity0 exhibited significant reduction of arterial plasma kinins relative to the level in water-drinking controls. These data indicate that high salt intake, irrespective of the level of blood pressure, causes the arterial plasma concentration of kinins to fall.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Plasma kinin concentration in XXXX -salt @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The role of the hepatic artery in tracer water exchange and regulation of permeation of small solutes during canalicular bile formation was studied in the @entity0 using a system that permitted perfusion of both hepatic artery and portal vein. Hepatic vein and biliary multiple indicator dilution curves were obtained after injection of indicators into either vessel. The main difference in hepatic venous dilution curves was a 3.1-fold longer t0 (time spent in nonexchanging vessels) and a 5% larger equivalent water space after injection into the hepatic artery. Biliary tracer recovery of water was markedly higher after arterial injection than after portal vein injection. Both @entity3 and @entity4 stimulated bile flow and increased biliary tracer recovery after injection into either vessel. The biliary recovery of @entity1 relative to that of water, which is a measure of biliary @entity1 permeation, was much lower when given into the hepatic artery than when given into the portal vein. During @entity3 infusion, it decreased by 33% in the hepatic artery but increased 36% in the portal vein. @entity4 , by contrast, did not affect permeation of @entity1 given into the portal vein. Our studies demonstrate marked exchange of tracer water in the biliary epithelium. @entity3 , but not @entity4 , increases permeation of @entity1 into bile in the portal vein bed while both @entity2 decrease it in the arterial bed.

title: Role of the hepatic artery in canalicular bile formation by the perfused XXXX liver. A multiple indicator dilution study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Twenty-six @entity0 with suspected or known @entity3 who had been studied by computed tomography were retrospectively reviewed. Eighteen @entity0 (20 joints) proved to have @entity5 . Computed tomography was advantageous in @entity0 with @entity5 of @entity3 , such as the hip and sacroiliac, where it demonstrated particular soft tissue swelling as early as 36 hours after the onset of symptoms. In three @entity0 , this finding on computed tomography was helpful in accurately localizing the disease process and facilitating a diagnostic closed needle aspiration biopsy procedure. Four @entity0 had a primary osseous focus of infection in an adjacent epiphyseal region that was documented by computed tomography. Computed tomography was superior to conventional radiology in revealing @entity1 in joints with curved and overlapping articular surfaces in five @entity0 , and resulted in alteration of their treatment. Fat-fluid levels within the suprapatellar bursae were noted in one @entity0 (two joints). Computed tomography is a valuable modality for evaluation of @entity0 with suspected @entity5 of @entity3 , particularly in the acute stage. Furthermore, it is helpful for evaluation of possible periarticular @entity2 formation and can serve as a guide for a percutaneous drainage procedure. Computed tomography can also be used when articular @entity1 or medullary extension of @entity4 is suspected but not fully documented by conventional radiography.

title: Computed tomography of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The tissue surrounding the anteroventral portion of the third ventricle (the AV3V region) is critical for control of @entity3 balance and cardiovascular regulation. Ablation of this brain area results in an acute natriuresis and an increase in blood pressure. The purposes of these experiments were to determine the mechanism of the natriuretic response and assess whether the natriuresis contributes to the decreased blood volume following AV3V ablation. @entity0 were instrumented with metal lesioning electrodes in the AV3V region and with catheters in the femoral artery and jugular vein. Following electrolytic lesioning or control procedures, blood pressure, heart rate, urine flow rate and urinary @entity3 excretion were monitored. In separate groups of animals, plasma and blood volume were measured by calculating dilution of 125I-labelled serum albumin and hematocrit. Results from these studies showed that ablation of the AV3V region resulted in a significant elevation in blood pressure (18 +/- 3 mm Hg), increase in @entity3 excretion (212 +/- 36 mu Eq/hour), and decrease in plasma volume (10.3 +/- 0.4 mL) compared with control-treated animals (2 +/- 4 mm Hg; 89 +/- 34 mu Eq/h, 12.0 +/- 0.5 mL). This natriuretic response was accompanied by an increased plasma @entity2 concentration. Further, prevention of the @entity1 response abolished the natriuresis. These data suggest that AV3V ablation produces an acute pressure-mediated natriuresis, resulting in decreases in plasma and blood volume.

title: Acute XXXX and natriuretic responses following preoptic hypothalamic lesions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We analyzed right ventricular (RV) regional wall motion by two-dimensional echocardiographic (2D echo) and multigated acquisition radionuclear (MUGA) studies in 104 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Sixty-eight @entity0 (65 percent) had 2D echo RV regional wall motion abnormalities ( @entity1 (RVD) group) while 36 @entity0 showed no 2-D echo RV regional wall motion abnormalities (no-RVD group). The RVD group had a higher incidence of @entity2 (p less than 0.05), Kusmaul's sign, (p less than 0.05) complete @entity4 (p less than 0.05), and in-hospital death (p less than 0.02). The RVD group had significantly higher 2-D echo RV end-systolic dimensions (p less than 0.005) and lower values of percentage of fractional shortening (%FS) (p less than 0.005) in the long and short axis of the RV four-chamber view than @entity0 in the no-RVD group and a control group of 20 @entity0 with normal hearts. There was no statistical significant difference in the 2-D echo RV end-diastolic dimensions among the three groups. @entity0 in the RVD group had a lower MUGA derived RV ejection fraction (EF) than @entity0 in the no-RVD and control groups (26.5 +/- 13.2 vs. 46.3 +/- 7 and vs. 50.6 +/- 4, respectively; p less than 0.05). RVD was diagnosed by both 2-D echo and MUGA in 60 of 104 @entity0 (57.7 percent) with a sensitivity for 2-D echo of 92 percent and 79 percent specificity (when compared to the MUGA study). The predictive value for a positive test was 88 percent and for a negative test 86 percent. The accuracy was 87.5 percent. Recognition of regional wall motion abnormalities by 2-D echo permits a prompt and accurate bedside identification of right @entity1 (RVD) within the first 72 hours of clinical onset. An enlarged RV 2D echo end-diastolic dimension was not a sensitive parameter for the diagnosis of this pathology, whereas an increased end-systolic RV diameter and decreased RV %FS were better indicators of @entity1 in @entity0 with acute inferoposterior wall @entity3 .

title: Right XXXX in @entity3 . An echocardiographic and isotopic study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We analyzed right ventricular (RV) regional wall motion by two-dimensional echocardiographic (2D echo) and multigated acquisition radionuclear (MUGA) studies in 104 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Sixty-eight @entity0 (65 percent) had 2D echo RV regional wall motion abnormalities ( @entity1 (RVD) group) while 36 @entity0 showed no 2-D echo RV regional wall motion abnormalities (no-RVD group). The RVD group had a higher incidence of @entity2 (p less than 0.05), Kusmaul's sign, (p less than 0.05) complete @entity4 (p less than 0.05), and in-hospital death (p less than 0.02). The RVD group had significantly higher 2-D echo RV end-systolic dimensions (p less than 0.005) and lower values of percentage of fractional shortening (%FS) (p less than 0.005) in the long and short axis of the RV four-chamber view than @entity0 in the no-RVD group and a control group of 20 @entity0 with normal hearts. There was no statistical significant difference in the 2-D echo RV end-diastolic dimensions among the three groups. @entity0 in the RVD group had a lower MUGA derived RV ejection fraction (EF) than @entity0 in the no-RVD and control groups (26.5 +/- 13.2 vs. 46.3 +/- 7 and vs. 50.6 +/- 4, respectively; p less than 0.05). RVD was diagnosed by both 2-D echo and MUGA in 60 of 104 @entity0 (57.7 percent) with a sensitivity for 2-D echo of 92 percent and 79 percent specificity (when compared to the MUGA study). The predictive value for a positive test was 88 percent and for a negative test 86 percent. The accuracy was 87.5 percent. Recognition of regional wall motion abnormalities by 2-D echo permits a prompt and accurate bedside identification of right @entity1 (RVD) within the first 72 hours of clinical onset. An enlarged RV 2D echo end-diastolic dimension was not a sensitive parameter for the diagnosis of this pathology, whereas an increased end-systolic RV diameter and decreased RV %FS were better indicators of @entity1 in @entity0 with acute inferoposterior wall @entity3 .

title: Right @entity1 in XXXX . An echocardiographic and isotopic study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The influence of @entity5 in the cephalic phase of postprandial thermogenesis was investigated in @entity0 . O2 consumption (VO2) and respiratory quotient (RQ) were continuously monitored 1 h before and 2 h after a 1,015-kcal meal during a control, an @entity3 , or a pancreatic-denervation experiment. A first phase (cephalic phase) in VO2 increase, lasting at least 50 min, followed by a second phase (digestive phase) were found in the control experiment. During both the @entity3 and pancreatic-denervation experiment, the first phase of @entity4 was inhibited by 52%. The second phase was completely abolished with @entity3 , whereas it remained comparable to the control in the case of pancreatic denervation. A peak increase for @entity5 time) was observed 2 min after the onset of feeding in control. It was followed after 25 min by a second increase related to changes in glycemia. Maximal rises of @entity1 (NE) and @entity2 corresponded to 215 and 120 pg/ml above basal values at 2 min in control experiment. During both @entity3 and pancreatic denervation the cephalic phase of @entity5 release was suppressed and the NE increase was inhibited by congruent to 65%. During the digestive phase pancreatic denervation caused an increase in plasma @entity5 comparable to that of the control, whereas @entity3 produced no such effect. It is suggested that the cephalic phase of postprandial thermogenesis is mediated through a causal relationship between @entity5 and NE release.

title: A role for XXXX in cephalic phase of postprandial thermogenesis in @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The influence of @entity5 in the cephalic phase of postprandial thermogenesis was investigated in @entity0 . O2 consumption (VO2) and respiratory quotient (RQ) were continuously monitored 1 h before and 2 h after a 1,015-kcal meal during a control, an @entity3 , or a pancreatic-denervation experiment. A first phase (cephalic phase) in VO2 increase, lasting at least 50 min, followed by a second phase (digestive phase) were found in the control experiment. During both the @entity3 and pancreatic-denervation experiment, the first phase of @entity4 was inhibited by 52%. The second phase was completely abolished with @entity3 , whereas it remained comparable to the control in the case of pancreatic denervation. A peak increase for @entity5 time) was observed 2 min after the onset of feeding in control. It was followed after 25 min by a second increase related to changes in glycemia. Maximal rises of @entity1 (NE) and @entity2 corresponded to 215 and 120 pg/ml above basal values at 2 min in control experiment. During both @entity3 and pancreatic denervation the cephalic phase of @entity5 release was suppressed and the NE increase was inhibited by congruent to 65%. During the digestive phase pancreatic denervation caused an increase in plasma @entity5 comparable to that of the control, whereas @entity3 produced no such effect. It is suggested that the cephalic phase of postprandial thermogenesis is mediated through a causal relationship between @entity5 and NE release.

title: A role for @entity5 in cephalic phase of postprandial thermogenesis in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Several investigations have shown that constant rate infusions of opioids are highly effective in the provision of @entity2 relief. However, such treatment require intravenous access, the availability of infusion pumps and adequate monitoring system. We have studied a transdermal @entity6 formulation (F-TTS, developed by ALZA Corporation, Palo Alto, USA) which should avoid these problems. METHODS: The study was performed in orthopaedic @entity0 scheduled for hip arthroplasty. 40 @entity0 were included consecutively in a double-blind parallel comparison of F-TTS (n = 20) and placebo (n = 20) patches. The patches were applied 0.5 hours prior to epidural anaesthesia and changed after 24 hours. F-TTS is designed to deliver @entity6 at the same rate of 75 micrograms/h. For 36 hours blood samples, @entity1 scores, respiratory patterns and vital signs were collected frequently. @entity0 could have supplemental @entity7 on demand (50 mg/2 h) if the @entity1 relief was inadequate. RESULTS: @entity6 blood concentrations increased (verum) during the 24 hours period (removal) and decreased slightly after that. At the end of the investigation (36 h) @entity6 concentration remained significantly elevated (about 60% of 24-hours value). F-TTS provided good @entity2 relief although 11 @entity0 (of 20) required supplemental @entity7 . @entity0 with F-TTS, however had very little @entity7 compared to @entity0 with placebo. Two @entity0 (one of each group) had to be eliminated from the study due to severe @entity5 or inadequate @entity7 requirement respectively. The incidence of other side effects such as @entity3 , @entity4 and micturition difficulties were similar in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX therapy by transdermal @entity6 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Several investigations have shown that constant rate infusions of opioids are highly effective in the provision of @entity2 relief. However, such treatment require intravenous access, the availability of infusion pumps and adequate monitoring system. We have studied a transdermal @entity6 formulation (F-TTS, developed by ALZA Corporation, Palo Alto, USA) which should avoid these problems. METHODS: The study was performed in orthopaedic @entity0 scheduled for hip arthroplasty. 40 @entity0 were included consecutively in a double-blind parallel comparison of F-TTS (n = 20) and placebo (n = 20) patches. The patches were applied 0.5 hours prior to epidural anaesthesia and changed after 24 hours. F-TTS is designed to deliver @entity6 at the same rate of 75 micrograms/h. For 36 hours blood samples, @entity1 scores, respiratory patterns and vital signs were collected frequently. @entity0 could have supplemental @entity7 on demand (50 mg/2 h) if the @entity1 relief was inadequate. RESULTS: @entity6 blood concentrations increased (verum) during the 24 hours period (removal) and decreased slightly after that. At the end of the investigation (36 h) @entity6 concentration remained significantly elevated (about 60% of 24-hours value). F-TTS provided good @entity2 relief although 11 @entity0 (of 20) required supplemental @entity7 . @entity0 with F-TTS, however had very little @entity7 compared to @entity0 with placebo. Two @entity0 (one of each group) had to be eliminated from the study due to severe @entity5 or inadequate @entity7 requirement respectively. The incidence of other side effects such as @entity3 , @entity4 and micturition difficulties were similar in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity2 therapy by transdermal XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: The microbiology, adverse-effect profiles, pharmacokinetics, published results of comparative clinical trials, and costs of @entity8 with enhanced antianaerobic activity are reviewed. @entity9 , @entity13 , @entity15 , and @entity10 have been used as single agents in the treatment or prophylaxis of anaerobic or mixed aerobic and anaerobic @entity3 , including intra-abdominal, female genital tract, and soft-tissue @entity3 . None of these agents is as active against @entity7 species as is @entity11 or @entity5 , but differences among the four cephalosporins do not appear to be clinically important. These agents differ somewhat in their activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The majority of adverse reactions to these agents are immunological; @entity14 -like reactions and alterations in normal hemostasis have also been observed with @entity15 and @entity10 . All of these agents are well absorbed after intramuscular injection and produce serum concentrations adequate to treat most @entity3 . Only @entity13 and @entity10 produce cerebrospinal fluid concentrations adequate for treatment of gram-negative @entity4 . The primary route of elimination is renal, and each agent requires dosage adjustments in @entity0 with @entity1 . Major differences exist among the elimination half-lives of the agents in @entity0 with normal renal function. The decision to use a cephalosporin for treatment of anaerobic @entity3 should be based on the results of clinical trials that have demonstrated the efficacy of the agent. Data are available to support the use of @entity9 , @entity13 , and @entity10 in the treatment of @entity6 ; @entity9 and @entity10 to prevent @entity2 to the abdomen; all four agents in the treatment of female @entity12 ; and all four agents for prophylactic use in surgical procedures that may involve enteric anaerobes, especially @entity7 . Cephalosporins with enhanced antianaerobic activity appear to have similar in vitro microbiological activity and have efficacy similar to that of combination regimens for the treatment and prophylaxis of @entity6 , @entity6 , and soft-tissue @entity3 .

title: Use of cephalosporins with enhanced anti-anaerobic activity for treatment and prevention of anaerobic and mixed XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Several factors influenced the formation of @entity3 B by @entity1 S-6. In the standard casein hydrolysate medium, toxin was not produced in detectable quantities during exponential growth; it was produced during the post-exponential phase when total protein synthesis was arithmetic. The rate of toxin synthesis was much greater than the rate of total protein synthesis. The appearance of @entity3 was inhibited by @entity2 ; thus, the presence of toxin was dependent on de novo protein synthesis. When low concentrations of @entity0 (<0.30%) were added to the casein hydrolysate medium, growth was diauxic; @entity0 was completely metabolized during the first growth period. During the second growth period, @entity3 was synthesized. In unbuffered casein hydrolysate medium containing excess @entity0 , toxin synthesis was completely repressed. The absence of toxin production under such conditions might be explained by the low (4.6) pH resulting from the acid end products of @entity0 metabolism. At pH <5.0, little or no toxin was produced. Toxin synthesis was initiated in the presence of @entity0 when the medium were buffered at any pH above 5.6. In such media, the differential rates of toxin synthesis, with respect to the rates of total protein synthesis, were lower than the differential rates in casein hydrolysate medium alone. Addition of @entity0 to a culture synthesizing toxin resulted in an immediate decrease in the differential rate without any change in pH. Thus, toxin synthesis appeared to be regulated by catabolite repression.

title: Regulation of staphylococcal XXXX B.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aetiopathogenesis of the @entity4 today is still unknown. Uncontested is the contribution of chronic @entity5 in the pathogenesis of @entity4 . For this, there are convincing evidences from clinical and experimental experiences including transplantation surgery. The quality of the metabolic adjustment of the diabetics from the first time of @entity1 manifestation is important to prevent the development of @entity4 . For this, an almost normoglycemic compensation of the @entity3 metabolism is mandatory. More problematically is the management of the @entity1 metabolism during chronic @entity2 . Considerable fluctuations of the blood @entity3 concentration are predominately in the daily profile. The intensive conventional metabolic therapy by multiple insuline injections under self control of the blood @entity3 level are indicated absolutely in those @entity0 . The therapeutic aim is a smoothing of the blood @entity3 fluctuation. With that it is possible--together with the elimination of hemodynamic risk factors--to delay effectively a progradient decline of the glomerulo-filtration rate and to improve the assumption to an invasive therapy.

title: [Problems of metabolic control in type I XXXX @entity0 with @entity2 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aetiopathogenesis of the @entity4 today is still unknown. Uncontested is the contribution of chronic @entity5 in the pathogenesis of @entity4 . For this, there are convincing evidences from clinical and experimental experiences including transplantation surgery. The quality of the metabolic adjustment of the diabetics from the first time of @entity1 manifestation is important to prevent the development of @entity4 . For this, an almost normoglycemic compensation of the @entity3 metabolism is mandatory. More problematically is the management of the @entity1 metabolism during chronic @entity2 . Considerable fluctuations of the blood @entity3 concentration are predominately in the daily profile. The intensive conventional metabolic therapy by multiple insuline injections under self control of the blood @entity3 level are indicated absolutely in those @entity0 . The therapeutic aim is a smoothing of the blood @entity3 fluctuation. With that it is possible--together with the elimination of hemodynamic risk factors--to delay effectively a progradient decline of the glomerulo-filtration rate and to improve the assumption to an invasive therapy.

title: [Problems of metabolic control in type I @entity1 @entity0 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aetiopathogenesis of the @entity4 today is still unknown. Uncontested is the contribution of chronic @entity5 in the pathogenesis of @entity4 . For this, there are convincing evidences from clinical and experimental experiences including transplantation surgery. The quality of the metabolic adjustment of the diabetics from the first time of @entity1 manifestation is important to prevent the development of @entity4 . For this, an almost normoglycemic compensation of the @entity3 metabolism is mandatory. More problematically is the management of the @entity1 metabolism during chronic @entity2 . Considerable fluctuations of the blood @entity3 concentration are predominately in the daily profile. The intensive conventional metabolic therapy by multiple insuline injections under self control of the blood @entity3 level are indicated absolutely in those @entity0 . The therapeutic aim is a smoothing of the blood @entity3 fluctuation. With that it is possible--together with the elimination of hemodynamic risk factors--to delay effectively a progradient decline of the glomerulo-filtration rate and to improve the assumption to an invasive therapy.

title: [Problems of metabolic control in type I @entity1 XXXX with @entity2 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Fifty-three @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were seen during the acute stage of the disease. HLA-Bw 35 was positive in 33 out of 39 tested @entity0 . At first presentation, all examined @entity0 (N = 23) had ultrasound abnormalities (generalized hypodensity, single or multiple hypodense areas). Serum T4 and/or T3 were increased in 24/52, free T4 in 11/23, and the TSH response to @entity1 was flat in 8/11 @entity0 . Six of 12 in whom volumetry was performed had goitres. Thirty-seven @entity0 were re-examined after a mean follow-up interval of 46.5 months. At this follow-up, serum T4, free T4 and T3 levels as well as the sonographically determined thyroid volume had decreased, but there was still abnormalities by ultrasound detected in 14/36 @entity0 ; 19.4% had focal sonolucent lesions, whereas the prevalence of such lesions was only 3.1% in asymptomatic controls. Three @entity0 were @entity2 at the follow-up, whereas all others were euthyroid. @entity0 with abnormal ultrasound findings were of the same age and had a similar thyroid size, but a slightly higher TSH and a significantly (P less than 0.02) lower free T4 than those with normal ultrasound findings. They also had a higher prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies in low titres. Serum thyroglobulin was elevated in more than half of the @entity0 during the acute phase, but only in 1 out of 11 @entity0 during follow-up. Thyroglobulin at the follow-up was not related to TSH, but there was a correlation with thyroid volume (r = 0.57).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The sonographical and functional sequelae of de Quervain's XXXX : long-term follow-up.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Management of early postneurosurgical @entity1 ( @entity1 ) requires parenteral vasopressin before intranasal administration of desmopressin-1 desamino-8 D @entity4 ( @entity5 ) can be initiated. We have evaluated in 15 neurosurgical @entity0 the effect and the tolerance of a 3-day regimen of dDAVP administered im every 12 h. @entity0 were randomly ascribed to one of 3 treatment groups: 1 microgram (N = 6), 2 micrograms (N = 5) or 4 micrograms (N = 4) were administered twice daily. dDAVP was effective whatever the dose, and @entity1 was corrected by the 6th h of treatment. Effects were maximal on diuresis and urinary osmolality from the 18th h onwards. The effects were sustained throughout the treatment period. Reversal to pretreatment status occurred 24 h after the last injection. Moreover, 72 h after the last injection, natremia and osmolality reached values significantly below pretherapeutic values. The tolerance was excellent: @entity2 which occurred in 11 @entity0 , either occasionally or throughout the treatment period, remained mild and never had clinical consequences. In conclusion, before initiation of intranasal dDAVP, a 3-day treatment by 1, 2 or 4 micrograms of dDAVP injected im twice daily in neurosurgical @entity0 corrected @entity1 . Mild @entity3 owing to a positive fluid balance was a side-effect which is also encountered in other therapeutic methods necessitating meticulous control of water intake.

title: Management of early postoperative XXXX with parenteral desmopressin.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Peptides of diverse structure stimulate grooming in rodents and other mammals. Peptide-induced grooming may be observed in several motivational contexts, with or without strong alternative response tendencies. @entity7 -like peptides elicit grooming route dependently in the @entity0 and hamster, independently of, or concomitantly with, changes in ingestive behaviors or resting. The pattern of body surfaces groomed after i.c.v. @entity9 is in proportion to the representation of body surfaces in somatosensory but not motor cortex of @entity0 . A @entity7 -like peptide may be a neurotransmitter in somatosensory afferent processing, and grooming after i.c.v. @entity9 may reflect a response to alteration of cutaneous sensation. @entity7 is a putative satiety signal in the control of feeding and @entity3 intake, but the satiation effects of systemic @entity9 can be dissociated from the grooming effect of central @entity9 . Thus, @entity7 may perform independent and site-specific functions in the control of behavior. Grooming produced by @entity9 is not affected by @entity4 , involves a different proportion of motor acts than is observed in normal or ACTH-induced grooming, and no cross-tolerance has been reported between ACTH and @entity9 in the @entity0 . These properties of @entity7 -induced grooming indicate multiple, separable mechanisms of peptide-induced grooming and scratching. @entity10 -like peptide-induced grooming is observed after central injection in the @entity0 and is unaccompanied by changes in feeding or resting. The well-documented satiety action of systemic @entity8 -like peptides is not accompanied by excessive grooming, so multiple, site-specific behavioral roles are also indicated for @entity8 -like peptides in control of behavior. @entity8 -8 exhibits short-term cross-tolerance with ACTH in elicitation of grooming, and central @entity8 -8 is co-localized with @entity6 and stimulates ACTH and @entity5 release in the @entity0 . Thus, @entity8 -8 may induce grooming by increasing @entity6 or ACTH activity. These properties of @entity8 -like peptide-induced grooming indicate convergent neuroendocrine mechanisms that may explain some, but not all, peptide-induced grooming syndromes. Further characterization of the qualitative topographic, neuropharmacological, and neuroanatomical differences and species specificities of peptide-induced excessive grooming should provide a basis for understanding how brains coordinate grooming. Knowledge of the processes of neuropeptide control of grooming may provide potential peptide-based controls of grooming-related clinical disorders such as @entity2 and @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX and ceruletide-induced grooming and inhibition of ingestion in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Peptides of diverse structure stimulate grooming in rodents and other mammals. Peptide-induced grooming may be observed in several motivational contexts, with or without strong alternative response tendencies. @entity7 -like peptides elicit grooming route dependently in the @entity0 and hamster, independently of, or concomitantly with, changes in ingestive behaviors or resting. The pattern of body surfaces groomed after i.c.v. @entity9 is in proportion to the representation of body surfaces in somatosensory but not motor cortex of @entity0 . A @entity7 -like peptide may be a neurotransmitter in somatosensory afferent processing, and grooming after i.c.v. @entity9 may reflect a response to alteration of cutaneous sensation. @entity7 is a putative satiety signal in the control of feeding and @entity3 intake, but the satiation effects of systemic @entity9 can be dissociated from the grooming effect of central @entity9 . Thus, @entity7 may perform independent and site-specific functions in the control of behavior. Grooming produced by @entity9 is not affected by @entity4 , involves a different proportion of motor acts than is observed in normal or ACTH-induced grooming, and no cross-tolerance has been reported between ACTH and @entity9 in the @entity0 . These properties of @entity7 -induced grooming indicate multiple, separable mechanisms of peptide-induced grooming and scratching. @entity10 -like peptide-induced grooming is observed after central injection in the @entity0 and is unaccompanied by changes in feeding or resting. The well-documented satiety action of systemic @entity8 -like peptides is not accompanied by excessive grooming, so multiple, site-specific behavioral roles are also indicated for @entity8 -like peptides in control of behavior. @entity8 -8 exhibits short-term cross-tolerance with ACTH in elicitation of grooming, and central @entity8 -8 is co-localized with @entity6 and stimulates ACTH and @entity5 release in the @entity0 . Thus, @entity8 -8 may induce grooming by increasing @entity6 or ACTH activity. These properties of @entity8 -like peptide-induced grooming indicate convergent neuroendocrine mechanisms that may explain some, but not all, peptide-induced grooming syndromes. Further characterization of the qualitative topographic, neuropharmacological, and neuroanatomical differences and species specificities of peptide-induced excessive grooming should provide a basis for understanding how brains coordinate grooming. Knowledge of the processes of neuropeptide control of grooming may provide potential peptide-based controls of grooming-related clinical disorders such as @entity2 and @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity7 and ceruletide-induced grooming and inhibition of ingestion in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of pediatric hospitalizations for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has declined after the widespread use of the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. The national incidence of outpatient visits for @entity1 , however, is not well established. Although no pediatric @entity1 treatment guidelines are available, current data support narrow-spectrum antibiotics as the first-line treatment for most @entity0 with @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence rates of outpatient @entity1 , examine time trends in antibiotics prescribed for @entity1 , and determine factors associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing for @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: The National Ambulatory and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Surveys (1994-2007) were used to identify @entity0 aged 1 to 18 years with @entity1 using a validated algorithm. We determined age group-specific rates of outpatient @entity1 and examined trends in antibiotic prescribing for @entity1 . Data from 2006-2007 were used to study factors associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing. RESULTS: Overall, annual @entity1 visit rates ranged from 16.9 to 22.4 per 1000 population, with the highest rates occurring in @entity0 aged 1 to 5 years (range: 32.3-49.6 per 1000). Ambulatory @entity1 visit rates did not change between 1994 and 2007. Antibiotics commonly prescribed for @entity1 included macrolides (34% of @entity0 overall), @entity2 (22% overall), and penicillins (14% overall). @entity3 use increased significantly between 2000 and 2007 (P = .002). Increasing age, a visit to a nonemergency department office, and obtaining a radiograph or complete blood count were associated with broad-spectrum antibiotic prescribing. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity1 has not changed significantly between 1994 and 2007, despite the introduction of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in 2000. Broad-spectrum antibiotics, particularly macrolides, were frequently prescribed despite evidence that they provide little benefit over penicillins.

title: Ambulatory visit rates and antibiotic prescribing for XXXX with pneumonia, 1994-2007.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Using the monoclonal antibody G2-09 raised against @entity1 glia maturation factor (GMF), we conducted a survey of GMF-like immunoreactivity in various cell types. Of all the normal and neoplastic cells tested, only extracts from astroblasts, @entity0 , Schwann cells and @entity2 , but not their conditioned media, possessed endogenous GMF-like immunoreactivity. The presence of immunoreactive GMF correlated well with GMF bioactivity. Using the same monoclonal antibody, the GMF-like factor in astroblasts and C6 @entity0 cells was characterized by immunofluorescence, immunoadsorption and immunoblotting. Immunofluorescence confirmed the intracellular location of GMF. Immunoadsorption completely eliminated the GMF-like bioactivity from the cell extracts. Immunoblotting identified a protein band having a mol. wt. of 14,000 Da. Thus, the evidence strongly supports the argument that the GMF-like factor in astroblasts and C6 cells is identical with GMF from the @entity1 brain. In order to explain the fact that astroblasts and C6 cells are both the source and targets of GMF, we propose the hypothesis that GMF functions as an injury signal, being released from the injured glia and serving as a stimulant for @entity3 in the neighboring intact glia.

title: Endogenous immunoreactive glia maturation factor-like molecule in astrocytes and XXXX cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: A hallmark of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) progression is the development of osteoblastic bone metastases, which respond poorly to available therapies. We previously reported that @entity6 (121)/rGel targets osteoclast precursors and @entity2 neovasculature. Here we tested the hypothesis that targeting nontumor cells expressing these receptors can inhibit @entity2 progression in a clinically relevant model of osteoblastic @entity5 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Cells from @entity7 @entity5 118b, a @entity5 xenograft obtained from a bone @entity1 in a @entity0 with castrate-resistant @entity5 , were injected into the femurs of @entity3 . Osteoblastic progression was monitored following systemic administration of @entity6 (121)/rGel. RESULTS: @entity6 (121)/rGel was cytotoxic in vitro to osteoblast precursor cells. This @entity4 was specific as @entity6 (121)/rGel internalization into osteoblasts was @entity6 (121) receptor driven. Furthermore, @entity6 (121)/rGel significantly inhibited @entity5 -induced bone formation in a @entity3 calvaria culture assay. In vivo, @entity6 (121)/rGel significantly inhibited the osteoblastic progression of @entity5 cells in the femurs of @entity3 . Microcomputed tomographic analysis revealed that @entity6 (121)/rGel restored the bone volume fraction of @entity2 -bearing femurs to values similar to those of the contralateral (non- @entity2 -bearing) femurs. @entity6 (121)/rGel significantly reduced the number of @entity2 -associated osteoclasts but did not change the numbers of peritumoral osteoblasts. Importantly, @entity6 (121)/rGel-treated @entity3 had significantly less @entity2 burden than control @entity3 . Our results thus indicate that @entity6 (121)/rGel inhibits osteoblastic @entity2 progression by targeting angiogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and bone formation. CONCLUSIONS: Targeting @entity6 receptor (VEGFR)-1- or @entity8 -expressing cells is effective in controlling the osteoblastic progression of @entity5 in bone. These findings provide the basis for an effective multitargeted approach for metastatic @entity5 .

title: XXXX osteoblastic progression with VEGF121/rGel, a single agent targeting osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and @entity2 neovasculature.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: A hallmark of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) progression is the development of osteoblastic bone metastases, which respond poorly to available therapies. We previously reported that @entity6 (121)/rGel targets osteoclast precursors and @entity2 neovasculature. Here we tested the hypothesis that targeting nontumor cells expressing these receptors can inhibit @entity2 progression in a clinically relevant model of osteoblastic @entity5 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Cells from @entity7 @entity5 118b, a @entity5 xenograft obtained from a bone @entity1 in a @entity0 with castrate-resistant @entity5 , were injected into the femurs of @entity3 . Osteoblastic progression was monitored following systemic administration of @entity6 (121)/rGel. RESULTS: @entity6 (121)/rGel was cytotoxic in vitro to osteoblast precursor cells. This @entity4 was specific as @entity6 (121)/rGel internalization into osteoblasts was @entity6 (121) receptor driven. Furthermore, @entity6 (121)/rGel significantly inhibited @entity5 -induced bone formation in a @entity3 calvaria culture assay. In vivo, @entity6 (121)/rGel significantly inhibited the osteoblastic progression of @entity5 cells in the femurs of @entity3 . Microcomputed tomographic analysis revealed that @entity6 (121)/rGel restored the bone volume fraction of @entity2 -bearing femurs to values similar to those of the contralateral (non- @entity2 -bearing) femurs. @entity6 (121)/rGel significantly reduced the number of @entity2 -associated osteoclasts but did not change the numbers of peritumoral osteoblasts. Importantly, @entity6 (121)/rGel-treated @entity3 had significantly less @entity2 burden than control @entity3 . Our results thus indicate that @entity6 (121)/rGel inhibits osteoblastic @entity2 progression by targeting angiogenesis, osteoclastogenesis, and bone formation. CONCLUSIONS: Targeting @entity6 receptor (VEGFR)-1- or @entity8 -expressing cells is effective in controlling the osteoblastic progression of @entity5 in bone. These findings provide the basis for an effective multitargeted approach for metastatic @entity5 .

title: @entity5 osteoblastic progression with VEGF121/rGel, a single agent targeting osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and XXXX neovasculature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The protective effect of high-titer anti-lipid A hyperimmune globulin with respect to the course of the disease and the mortality rate was studied in @entity0 with @entity2 verified by positive blood cultures. Six @entity0 were treated with anti-lipid A in an open study. Dramatic improvement in fever curves and clinical condition in some of the @entity0 encouraged us to start a randomized double blind study. So far, 17 @entity0 have entered the study, 16 of whom were evaluable. Immediately after a positive blood culture was found, @entity0 received either high doses of anti-lipid A or placebo (saline solution) on two subsequent days. Before and after each infusion blood samples were taken in order to assess serum bactericidal activity and anti-lipid A titers. Because of the still small numbers of @entity0 the results of both studies were summarized. In all @entity0 treated with anti-lipid A clear-cut increases in anti-lipid A titers were shown. @entity0 with repeated gram-negative @entity1 showed higher median anti-lipid A titers than @entity0 without such a history. The @entity0 treated with anti-lipid A immune globulin @entity4 a significantly milder course than the placebo group. The severe signs of @entity3 were reversed in seven of 15 patients on anti-lipid A compared to two of seven @entity0 treated with placebo. In the anti-lipid A-treated group, three of 15 @entity0 died, and in the placebo group two of seven. This difference is not statistically significant.

title: [Antibodies to lipoid A in the treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Megakaryocytopoiesis and granulopoiesis of marrow cells from W/Wv @entity0 were studied using a continuous liquid marrow culture system. Cells in the suspension phase were assayed weekly over a 16-week period for total nucleated cells, megakaryocytes, granulocytes, megakaryocytes and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (CFU-Ms, CFU-GMs), and spleen colony-forming cells (CFU-Ss). Without @entity1 supplementation, proliferation of megakaryocytes, granulocytes, and their progenitor cells was significantly less in W/Wv cultures than in +/+ cultures. These cells became undetectable in both W/Wv and +/+ cultures at seven to 11 weeks in culture, after which only monocytes and macrophages proliferated in the cultures. Treatment of cultures with @entity1 improved megakaryocytopoiesis and granulopoiesis in both W/Wv and +/+ cultures. Following an initial lag phase of three to four weeks, proliferation of megakaryocytes, granulocytes, and their progenitor cells in W/Wv cultures equalled that observed in +/+ cultures and was sustained for 16 to 24 weeks. This improvement was associated with a sustained reduction in monocytes and macrophages. Despite improvements in megakaryocytopoiesis and granulopoiesis, production of macroscopic and microscopic spleen colonies by cells from W/Wv cultures remained severely reduced or absent. Studies of DNA synthesis rates of fresh marrow cells indicated that significantly fewer CFU-Ms and CFU-GMs were in cycle in W/Wv @entity0 compared with +/+ @entity0 . However, in @entity1 -treated W/Wv cultures, DNA synthesis rates of CFU-Ms and CFU-GMs increased markedly and equalled those observed for +/+ cultures. These results suggest that the improvements in megakaryocytopoiesis and granulopoiesis in @entity1 -treated liquid cultures is associated with a reduction in monocytes and macrophages and that progenitor cells of W/Wv @entity0 have a proliferative defect that is correctable by @entity1 treatment in vitro.

title: Megakaryocytopoiesis and granulopoiesis of W/Wv XXXX studied in long-term bone marrow cultures.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effects of a 1-hr inhalation of submicrometer @entity2 ( @entity1 ) aerosols via nasal mask on tracheobronchial mucociliary particle clearance and respiratory mechanics were studied in ten subjects with asthmatic histories. A brief inhalation of monodisperse 3.9-micron 99mTc-tagged @entity3 aerosol preceded the 1-hr @entity1 (at 100, 300, and 1000 micrograms/m3) or a sham exposure. @entity0 retention of the gamma-tagged @entity3 was measured using external radiation detectors. Respiratory function was measured before, and 15 min and 3 hr after the @entity1 or sham exposure. After exposure to 1000 micrograms/m3 of @entity1 , the six subjects not on routine medication exhibited a transient slowing of mucociliary clearance and also decrements in sGaw, FEV1/FVC, MMEF, and V25 (P less than 0.05) in both sets of measurements. The four asthmatics on daily medication exhibited stepwise mucociliary clearance that was too variable to allow detection of any @entity1 effect on clearance. The 1000 micrograms/m3 of @entity1 did produce decrements in V25 (P less than 0.05), but the variability of the other respiratory parameters in this small group was too great to permit detection of changes. Mucociliary clearance rates in both groups in the sham exposure tests were significantly slower than those of healthy nonsmokers studied previously using the same protocols. The extent of mucociliary clearance slowing following the 1000 micrograms/m3 exposure in the nonmedicated subjects was similar to that in the healthy nonsmokers. This similar change, from a reduced baseline rate of clearance, together with the significant change in respiratory function, indicate that asymptomatic asthmatics may respond to @entity1 exposures with functional changes of greater potential health significance than do healthy nonsmokers.

title: Effects of submicrometer XXXX aerosols on mucociliary transport and respiratory mechanics in asymptomatic asthmatics.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The beneficial effects on @entity10 are related to a combination of coronary and non-coronary effects of the drugs. @entity0 with different forms of @entity2 may respond differently. For instance, in a @entity0 with @entity7 due to @entity9 , @entity10 will reverse or prevent @entity9 . In contrast, the @entity0 with severe @entity11 and reproducible @entity6 during exercise, may obtain relief because @entity10 decrease venous return, left ventricular size and left ventricular pressure, thus decreasing myocardial @entity1 demands. @entity10 can be used to treat @entity0 with @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity5 . In @entity0 with @entity6 , oral @entity8 preparations with sustained-release action have been shown to decrease the indices of myocardial @entity1 demand for up to 12 h. In @entity0 with @entity7 , intravenous @entity10 usually relieve symptoms in @entity0 refractory to oral therapy. In @entity0 with @entity5 , early administration with intravenous @entity10 may benefit @entity0 as suggested by randomized prospective trials. @entity8 tolerance and @entity8 dependence does not seem to be an important clinical problem. Perhaps this is related to the way the drug is given, i.e. intermittently. In some instances, however, when high doses are used or the drug is administered intravenously or by the transdermal route, constant levels of @entity12 may be attained and the @entity0 may develop tolerance. Although @entity10 are effective drugs, it is native to think that they will be used alone to manage the complex problems associated with @entity2 . Other than @entity4 and adverse effects of the drug, there seems to be no contraindication to the combination of @entity10 with @entity3 antagonists or beta blockers.

title: @entity8 therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The beneficial effects on @entity10 are related to a combination of coronary and non-coronary effects of the drugs. @entity0 with different forms of @entity2 may respond differently. For instance, in a @entity0 with @entity7 due to @entity9 , @entity10 will reverse or prevent @entity9 . In contrast, the @entity0 with severe @entity11 and reproducible @entity6 during exercise, may obtain relief because @entity10 decrease venous return, left ventricular size and left ventricular pressure, thus decreasing myocardial @entity1 demands. @entity10 can be used to treat @entity0 with @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity5 . In @entity0 with @entity6 , oral @entity8 preparations with sustained-release action have been shown to decrease the indices of myocardial @entity1 demand for up to 12 h. In @entity0 with @entity7 , intravenous @entity10 usually relieve symptoms in @entity0 refractory to oral therapy. In @entity0 with @entity5 , early administration with intravenous @entity10 may benefit @entity0 as suggested by randomized prospective trials. @entity8 tolerance and @entity8 dependence does not seem to be an important clinical problem. Perhaps this is related to the way the drug is given, i.e. intermittently. In some instances, however, when high doses are used or the drug is administered intravenously or by the transdermal route, constant levels of @entity12 may be attained and the @entity0 may develop tolerance. Although @entity10 are effective drugs, it is native to think that they will be used alone to manage the complex problems associated with @entity2 . Other than @entity4 and adverse effects of the drug, there seems to be no contraindication to the combination of @entity10 with @entity3 antagonists or beta blockers.

title: XXXX therapy for @entity2 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Stereo radiography and stereotopography were used to record simultaneously the three-dimensional spinal and back surface shape of 141 @entity0 with a clinical diagnosis of adolescent onset @entity4 . Radiography confirmed 80 @entity0 with single lateral curves (Cobb angle 5-87 degrees); 59 with double curves (Cobb angle 5-61 degrees), and two @entity0 with triple curves. Orientation of each vertebra was measured by the lateral deviation from the spinal axis and the @entity2 . For each curve detected, the Cobb angle, the maximum deviation, the maximum @entity2 , and the sagittal plane curvature was measured. Topographic data were used to generate a profile of a cross-section through the back of each vertebral level. This section was characterized by its @entity2 , deviation of its midpoint from the spinal axis, and area symmetry about the midpoint. Maximum values of these measurements in the region of each radiographic @entity3 curve were noted. Regression and correlation analysis showed (for each curve) a high correlation of apical vertebral lateral deviation with back surface @entity2 (r = 0.79) and with vertebral @entity2 (r = 0.79). The back surface rotation was less than @entity2 in magnitude, however, by a mean factor of 0.55. The measurement of the back surface asymmetry that gave the highest correlation with the @entity1 was the @entity2 . Relationships between skeletal and surface measures were similar for curves in thoracic and lumbar regions and for @entity0 with single and double curves. There is potential for clinical application of surface measurement techniques to prescription of orthoses and monitoring of changes due to progression or treatment.

title: XXXX and back surface asymmetry in @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Stereo radiography and stereotopography were used to record simultaneously the three-dimensional spinal and back surface shape of 141 @entity0 with a clinical diagnosis of adolescent onset @entity4 . Radiography confirmed 80 @entity0 with single lateral curves (Cobb angle 5-87 degrees); 59 with double curves (Cobb angle 5-61 degrees), and two @entity0 with triple curves. Orientation of each vertebra was measured by the lateral deviation from the spinal axis and the @entity2 . For each curve detected, the Cobb angle, the maximum deviation, the maximum @entity2 , and the sagittal plane curvature was measured. Topographic data were used to generate a profile of a cross-section through the back of each vertebral level. This section was characterized by its @entity2 , deviation of its midpoint from the spinal axis, and area symmetry about the midpoint. Maximum values of these measurements in the region of each radiographic @entity3 curve were noted. Regression and correlation analysis showed (for each curve) a high correlation of apical vertebral lateral deviation with back surface @entity2 (r = 0.79) and with vertebral @entity2 (r = 0.79). The back surface rotation was less than @entity2 in magnitude, however, by a mean factor of 0.55. The measurement of the back surface asymmetry that gave the highest correlation with the @entity1 was the @entity2 . Relationships between skeletal and surface measures were similar for curves in thoracic and lumbar regions and for @entity0 with single and double curves. There is potential for clinical application of surface measurement techniques to prescription of orthoses and monitoring of changes due to progression or treatment.

title: @entity1 and back surface asymmetry in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Although the etiologic importance of @entity3 in risk of upper aerodigestive @entity1 is unquestioned, quantification of subsite-specific risks is less well delineated. Risk estimates from this case-control study are derived from self-administered comprehensive risk factor questionnaires distributed to newly registered @entity0 at The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Hospital and @entity1 Institute, Houston. Cases included 185 white @entity0 with histologically confirmed @entity4 of the upper aerodigestive tract. An equal number of age-frequency and sex-frequency matched @entity0 was randomly selected from the same @entity0 population excluding only @entity0 with diagnoses of @entity4 of any site. A statistically significant dose-response relationship for three categories of cigarette pack-years was evident for both males (odds ratios [OR] = 1.8, 4.0, and 7.5) and females (OR = 1.5, 9.0, and 12.0). Highest risks were documented for @entity1 (OR = 15.1) and lingual cancer (OR = 14.5). There was interaction between @entity2 use and smoking among @entity0 , but no independent effect of @entity2 consumption among either gender. After 15 years of smoking abstinence, males no longer exhibited increased risk (OR = 1.0) whereas the risk for females after 15 years of cessation was 1.5. There were also significantly increased risks among @entity0 associated with snuff dipping, cigar, and pipe use (OR = 3.4, 2.8, and 1.8, respectively). The differences in the magnitude of the risk estimates and dose-response curves by subsite and by sex suggest a variable susceptibility to carcinogenic action.

title: XXXX of the upper aerodigestive tract. A case comparison analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: This study was designed to assess the time-dependent change in propensity to induction of malignant @entity2 after @entity1 . Instrumented conscious @entity0 were assessed during serial drug-free electrophysiologic studies over 26 +/- 9 days (range 17 to 35 days) after 2 hr occlusion-reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Of the 19 animals studied, 11 continued to have sustained @entity2 inducible (group I) over this time period. In the eight remaining animals, spontaneous loss in the ability to induce sustained @entity2 occurred (group II). @entity1 size in group I animals (18 +/- 8%) was significantly greater than that in group II @entity0 (12.5 +/- 5%; p less than .05). Even in group I animals, time-dependent changes occurred in the number of extrastimuli required to induce @entity2 and the frequency with which left ventricular stimulation was necessary. A differential pattern of time-dependent changes in electrophysiologic variables was observed when comparing group I and II animals. The conduction time to the @entity3 zone was prolonged during follow-up in group I animals, while in group II animals this variable was unchanged. Repolarization time recorded in the border zone remained unchanged in group I animals, but it was significantly shortened in group II animals. In addition, ventricular effective refractory period in the @entity3 zone shortened over time in group I animals but did not change in group II animals. In conclusion, time-dependent changes occur in electrophysiologic variables that are associated with a progressive decrease in propensity to induction of @entity2 after @entity1 . A critical determinant of whether propensity to @entity2 resolves over time is size of @entity1 .

title: Time-dependent change in electrophysiologic milieu after XXXX in conscious @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study was designed to assess the time-dependent change in propensity to induction of malignant @entity2 after @entity1 . Instrumented conscious @entity0 were assessed during serial drug-free electrophysiologic studies over 26 +/- 9 days (range 17 to 35 days) after 2 hr occlusion-reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Of the 19 animals studied, 11 continued to have sustained @entity2 inducible (group I) over this time period. In the eight remaining animals, spontaneous loss in the ability to induce sustained @entity2 occurred (group II). @entity1 size in group I animals (18 +/- 8%) was significantly greater than that in group II @entity0 (12.5 +/- 5%; p less than .05). Even in group I animals, time-dependent changes occurred in the number of extrastimuli required to induce @entity2 and the frequency with which left ventricular stimulation was necessary. A differential pattern of time-dependent changes in electrophysiologic variables was observed when comparing group I and II animals. The conduction time to the @entity3 zone was prolonged during follow-up in group I animals, while in group II animals this variable was unchanged. Repolarization time recorded in the border zone remained unchanged in group I animals, but it was significantly shortened in group II animals. In addition, ventricular effective refractory period in the @entity3 zone shortened over time in group I animals but did not change in group II animals. In conclusion, time-dependent changes occur in electrophysiologic variables that are associated with a progressive decrease in propensity to induction of @entity2 after @entity1 . A critical determinant of whether propensity to @entity2 resolves over time is size of @entity1 .

title: Time-dependent change in electrophysiologic milieu after @entity1 in conscious XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Clinical and morphologic factors that affected the distribution of disease are described in 100 cases of @entity0 at autopsy. In addition to the expected pattern of pelvic and abdominal peritoneal spread, extensive visceral parenchymal metastases were seen: liver parenchyma (45%), lung parenchyma (39%), small and large intestinal wall (52% and 55%), lymph nodes (70%), pancreas (21%), ureter (24%), bone (11%), and brain (6%). Liver parenchymal metastases replaced more than one third of the liver in 25% of cases, whereas lung metastases always involved less than one third of the lungs. When intestinal wall invasion was seen, @entity2 was present more often (71%) than when only intestinal serosa was involved (30%). Lymphatic invasion was predictive of lymph node, small intestinal wall, pancreatic, and liver as well as lung parenchymal metastases. Blood vessel invasion was predictive of pancreatic and ureteral metastases. Clinical stage I at diagnosis was associated with high incidences of liver parenchymal (56%), lymph node (56%), lung parenchymal (44%), large intestinal wall (33%), and bone (33%) metastases. Thus, @entity0 has parenchymal metastases similar to other @entity1 in addition to its peritoneal spread. Lymphatic and blood vessel invasion is predictive of such involvement. Intestinal wall invasion predicts @entity2 .

title: Distribution of disease at autopsy in 100 women with XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Forty-three @entity0 with @entity2 , inoperable @entity7 received two intravenous courses of @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity6 (CAP) chemotherapy over a 6-week period. This was followed by 5 weeks of combined chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) consisting of low weekly doses of CAP for 5 weeks plus 50 Gy continuous X ray therapy (XRT) to the primary @entity1 site. Chemotherapy was continued until disease progression occurred or until the total dose of @entity4 reached 450 mg/m2, whichever came first. CCRT improved the response rate [complete response (CR) plus partial responses (PR)] from 25% after two courses of CAP alone to 65% after CCRT. Previous response to two courses of CAP influences response subsequent to CAP plus XRT. A pretherapy weight loss of 6% or greater had a significant adverse effect on both response and survival time. The median survival time for all @entity0 was 50 weeks; @entity0 whose disease responded to treatment survived significantly longer than @entity0 with nonresponding disease. The median time until disease progression was 37 weeks. Twenty-seven @entity0 relapsed. The first sites of relapse were local in 30% of the @entity0 , distant in 56% of them, and both local and distant in 15%. Severe @entity8 occurred in 30% of the @entity0 and was dose-limiting. The administration of CCRT resulted in an improved response rate compared with the rates reported in previous studies of chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone. Further improvement of the CCRT program is needed to increase long-term survival time and to decrease esophageal @entity3 .

title: Combined chemoradiotherapy in @entity2 , inoperable XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Forty-three @entity0 with @entity2 , inoperable @entity7 received two intravenous courses of @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity6 (CAP) chemotherapy over a 6-week period. This was followed by 5 weeks of combined chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) consisting of low weekly doses of CAP for 5 weeks plus 50 Gy continuous X ray therapy (XRT) to the primary @entity1 site. Chemotherapy was continued until disease progression occurred or until the total dose of @entity4 reached 450 mg/m2, whichever came first. CCRT improved the response rate [complete response (CR) plus partial responses (PR)] from 25% after two courses of CAP alone to 65% after CCRT. Previous response to two courses of CAP influences response subsequent to CAP plus XRT. A pretherapy weight loss of 6% or greater had a significant adverse effect on both response and survival time. The median survival time for all @entity0 was 50 weeks; @entity0 whose disease responded to treatment survived significantly longer than @entity0 with nonresponding disease. The median time until disease progression was 37 weeks. Twenty-seven @entity0 relapsed. The first sites of relapse were local in 30% of the @entity0 , distant in 56% of them, and both local and distant in 15%. Severe @entity8 occurred in 30% of the @entity0 and was dose-limiting. The administration of CCRT resulted in an improved response rate compared with the rates reported in previous studies of chemotherapy or radiotherapy alone. Further improvement of the CCRT program is needed to increase long-term survival time and to decrease esophageal @entity3 .

title: Combined chemoradiotherapy in XXXX , inoperable @entity7 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Three kinds of cDNA clones were isolated from a cDNA library synthesized from female @entity0 liver mRNA by cross-hybridization with the @entity3 ) cDNA as a probe and sequenced. One clone appears to be the previously isolated @entity5 cDNA clone with an additional 5'-untranslated and coding sequence which are lacking in the previously reported clone (Gonzalez, F. J., Kimura, S., Song, B.-J., Pastewka, J., Gelboin, H. V., and Hardwick, J. P. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 10667-10672), though several @entity1 differences were seen. Another one is for @entity4 mRNA previously isolated, and the last has an almost identical @entity1 sequence to @entity4 (the same report cited above) except for one region of 159 base pairs where the sequence homology between the two is abruptly broken down. This nonhomologous region appears to correspond exactly to the entire eighth exon, estimated by comparison with the gene structure of the related P-450 ( @entity3 ). This replacement in @entity4 (ps) causes a frameshift in the open reading frame, resulting in the generation of a truncated form of P-450 with a strange replacement block and lacking the @entity2 -binding region. This observation suggests that the mRNA whose cDNA was cloned here was produced from a recombinant gene generated by gene conversion or from alternative splicing of a cryptic exon. Sex- and age-dependent expression of the mRNAs investigated by dot blot analysis revealed that normal- and pseudo-type PB-1 mRNA were expressed in both male and female @entity0 livers, though their age-dependent expression was different in male and female animals. In addition, both the mRNAs were specifically expressed in the female brain of 8 weeks, whereas practically no expression was observed in kidney and lung of both sexes.

title: Complementary DNA cloning of cytochrome P-450s related to XXXX from the complementary DNA library of female @entity0 livers. Predicted primary structures for @entity5 , PB-1, and PB-1-related protein with a bizarre replacement block and their mode of transcriptional expression.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Three kinds of cDNA clones were isolated from a cDNA library synthesized from female @entity0 liver mRNA by cross-hybridization with the @entity3 ) cDNA as a probe and sequenced. One clone appears to be the previously isolated @entity5 cDNA clone with an additional 5'-untranslated and coding sequence which are lacking in the previously reported clone (Gonzalez, F. J., Kimura, S., Song, B.-J., Pastewka, J., Gelboin, H. V., and Hardwick, J. P. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 10667-10672), though several @entity1 differences were seen. Another one is for @entity4 mRNA previously isolated, and the last has an almost identical @entity1 sequence to @entity4 (the same report cited above) except for one region of 159 base pairs where the sequence homology between the two is abruptly broken down. This nonhomologous region appears to correspond exactly to the entire eighth exon, estimated by comparison with the gene structure of the related P-450 ( @entity3 ). This replacement in @entity4 (ps) causes a frameshift in the open reading frame, resulting in the generation of a truncated form of P-450 with a strange replacement block and lacking the @entity2 -binding region. This observation suggests that the mRNA whose cDNA was cloned here was produced from a recombinant gene generated by gene conversion or from alternative splicing of a cryptic exon. Sex- and age-dependent expression of the mRNAs investigated by dot blot analysis revealed that normal- and pseudo-type PB-1 mRNA were expressed in both male and female @entity0 livers, though their age-dependent expression was different in male and female animals. In addition, both the mRNAs were specifically expressed in the female brain of 8 weeks, whereas practically no expression was observed in kidney and lung of both sexes.

title: Complementary DNA cloning of cytochrome P-450s related to @entity3 from the complementary DNA library of female @entity0 livers. Predicted primary structures for XXXX , PB-1, and PB-1-related protein with a bizarre replacement block and their mode of transcriptional expression.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Three kinds of cDNA clones were isolated from a cDNA library synthesized from female @entity0 liver mRNA by cross-hybridization with the @entity3 ) cDNA as a probe and sequenced. One clone appears to be the previously isolated @entity5 cDNA clone with an additional 5'-untranslated and coding sequence which are lacking in the previously reported clone (Gonzalez, F. J., Kimura, S., Song, B.-J., Pastewka, J., Gelboin, H. V., and Hardwick, J. P. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 10667-10672), though several @entity1 differences were seen. Another one is for @entity4 mRNA previously isolated, and the last has an almost identical @entity1 sequence to @entity4 (the same report cited above) except for one region of 159 base pairs where the sequence homology between the two is abruptly broken down. This nonhomologous region appears to correspond exactly to the entire eighth exon, estimated by comparison with the gene structure of the related P-450 ( @entity3 ). This replacement in @entity4 (ps) causes a frameshift in the open reading frame, resulting in the generation of a truncated form of P-450 with a strange replacement block and lacking the @entity2 -binding region. This observation suggests that the mRNA whose cDNA was cloned here was produced from a recombinant gene generated by gene conversion or from alternative splicing of a cryptic exon. Sex- and age-dependent expression of the mRNAs investigated by dot blot analysis revealed that normal- and pseudo-type PB-1 mRNA were expressed in both male and female @entity0 livers, though their age-dependent expression was different in male and female animals. In addition, both the mRNAs were specifically expressed in the female brain of 8 weeks, whereas practically no expression was observed in kidney and lung of both sexes.

title: Complementary DNA cloning of cytochrome P-450s related to @entity3 from the complementary DNA library of female XXXX livers. Predicted primary structures for @entity5 , PB-1, and PB-1-related protein with a bizarre replacement block and their mode of transcriptional expression.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Little evidence exists regarding the optimum frequency or duration of follow-up for @entity1 with @entity0 . The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a risk-stratified follow-up programme. METHODS: @entity1 treated surgically for primary @entity0 from January 2000 to September 2006 were recorded on a BASO database. Follow-up was stratified according to risk of relapse as determined by the Nottingham Prognostic Index (NPI). @entity1 were assigned to high, moderate or low risk groups. The date of recurrence, time from primary diagnosis and site of relapse were obtained from the database. Review of case notes was used to confirm the method of detection. RESULTS: 1303 @entity1 had surgery for primary @entity0 in the study period. Median follow-up was 40 months. Overall survival rate was 96.9% (90.4% high, 97.3% moderate, 99.5% low). Disease free survival was 94.1% (84.1% high, 94.7% moderate, 98.1% low). Seventy-seven recurrences were detected with 39 (51%) in the high risk group, 27 (35%) in the moderate risk group and 11 (14%) in the low risk group. Detection rate at a scheduled appointment was 0.27% overall (low risk 0.14%, moderate risk 0.27%, high risk 0.45%). CONCLUSIONS: NPI correlates with risk of recurrent disease. Scheduled follow-up yielded few recurrences, suggesting early discharge with open access to clinics could be a safe alternative. This type of follow-up may reduce demand on specialist clinics without significantly affecting @entity1 care or overall survival.

title: Risk stratification as a means of reducing the burden of follow-up after completion of initial treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 exhibit a range of @entity2 , including @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity0 ( @entity0 ), @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), trim loss (TRL) and others (OTH). These defects lower the carcass value and can result in significant economic loss to producers. We estimated the incidence, relationship with inbreeding coefficients and genetic parameters of @entity2 in Japanese Black @entity3 using 561   619 carcass records from Kagoshima, Japan during April 1988 through March 2011. The defect incidence ranged from 0.22% for TRL to 5.73% for @entity5 . The incidence of @entity1 and @entity5 increased from 1.21% to 6.57% and from 1.06% to 9.31%, respectively. The incidence of @entity0 peaked at 7.44% in 1999 and decreased thereafter. We observed a positive linear relationship between the defect incidence and the inbreeding coefficients in @entity1 , @entity5 and TRL (P < 0.01). The heritabilities estimated by univariate animal model with Gibbs sampling for @entity4 , @entity0 , @entity1 , @entity5 and TRL were 0.24, 0.06, 0.18, 0.05 and 0.02, respectively. The contribution of farm variance to phenotypic variance was negligible (0.01 to 0.04). Significant genetic correlations of TRL were estimated with @entity1 (0.63) and @entity5 (0.63). Our results suggest that genetic factors contribute to the incidence of @entity4 and @entity1 .

title: Estimation of genetic parameters for @entity2 of Japanese Black XXXX in Kagoshima.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 exhibit a range of @entity2 , including @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity0 ( @entity0 ), @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), trim loss (TRL) and others (OTH). These defects lower the carcass value and can result in significant economic loss to producers. We estimated the incidence, relationship with inbreeding coefficients and genetic parameters of @entity2 in Japanese Black @entity3 using 561   619 carcass records from Kagoshima, Japan during April 1988 through March 2011. The defect incidence ranged from 0.22% for TRL to 5.73% for @entity5 . The incidence of @entity1 and @entity5 increased from 1.21% to 6.57% and from 1.06% to 9.31%, respectively. The incidence of @entity0 peaked at 7.44% in 1999 and decreased thereafter. We observed a positive linear relationship between the defect incidence and the inbreeding coefficients in @entity1 , @entity5 and TRL (P < 0.01). The heritabilities estimated by univariate animal model with Gibbs sampling for @entity4 , @entity0 , @entity1 , @entity5 and TRL were 0.24, 0.06, 0.18, 0.05 and 0.02, respectively. The contribution of farm variance to phenotypic variance was negligible (0.01 to 0.04). Significant genetic correlations of TRL were estimated with @entity1 (0.63) and @entity5 (0.63). Our results suggest that genetic factors contribute to the incidence of @entity4 and @entity1 .

title: Estimation of genetic parameters for XXXX of Japanese Black @entity3 in Kagoshima.

answer: @entity2