abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is the leading cause of @entity1 @entity2 in Honduras. With the availability of a vaccine to prevent @entity3 ), the causative agent for @entity1 , the Honduran Secretary of Health undertook a cost-effectiveness analysis of introducing the HPV vaccine to support their national decision-making process. METHODS: A national multidisciplinary team conducted this analysis with the CERVIVAC model, developed by the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in collaboration with the Pan American Health Organization's ProVac Initiative. The cumulative costs and health benefits of introducing the HPV vaccine were assessed over the lifetime of one single cohort of 11-year-old @entity0 . We assumed a three-dose series with 95% vaccination coverage of the cohort using a mixture of school-based and facility-based delivery. To estimate national @entity1 cases and @entity2 , we used United Nations demographic projections and GLOBOCAN estimates based on registry data from El Salvador, Guatemala, and Nicaragua. Based on estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Division of Intensified Cooperation with Countries (ICO), we assumed that 70% of @entity1 would be due to vaccine types @entity4 and HPV18. We used a vaccine dose price of US  13.45 and evidence from the scientific literature to estimate vaccine effectiveness. National information was used to estimate health service utilization and costs of @entity1 treatment. All costs and health benefits were discounted at 3%. RESULTS: Upon fully vaccinating 86,906 11-year old @entity0 , 2250 (undiscounted) @entity1 cases and 1336 (undiscounted) @entity2 would be prevented over the lifetime of the cohort. After discounting future health benefits at 3% per year, the equivalent cases and @entity2 prevented were 421 and 170. HPV vaccination is estimated to cost around US  5 million per vaccinated cohort, but this would be offset by around US  1 million in avoided costs borne by the government to treat @entity1 . Furthermore, 4349 discounted disability adjusted life years (DALYs) could be avoided at a cost of US  926 per DALY avoided, making HPV vaccination in Honduras a highly cost-effective intervention. DISCUSSION: The net cost of HPV vaccination per DALY avoided is less than the WHO threshold for cost-effectiveness. However, at a cost of around US  5 million per vaccinated cohort, an important element to consider in this discussion is the budgetary implications that the introduction of the HPV vaccine would cause for the country. CONCLUSIONS: When comparing the costs and benefits of HPV vaccine introduction in Honduras, it is clear that this intervention would be highly cost-effective and that the intervention would greatly reduce @entity1 disease. For these reasons, it is in the country's best interest to explore financing opportunities that could support the vaccine's introduction.

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of the introduction of the XXXX vaccine in Honduras.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of @entity2 ( @entity5 ) or salpingectomy for ectopic pregnancy on the outcomes of subsequent @entity1 ( @entity1 )-embryo transfer (ET) cycles. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study (Canadian Task Force Classification II-3). SETTING: @entity3 center. @entity0 : All @entity0 undergoing fresh @entity1 -ET between January 2004 and July 2013 after treatment of an ectopic pregnancy with @entity5 or salpingectomy in the preceding @entity1 -ET cycle were analyzed for potential inclusion. INTERVENTION: @entity5 or laparoscopic salpingectomy for an ectopic pregnancy followed by a subsequent @entity1 -ET cycle. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total of 144 @entity0 with sonographically confirmed @entity4 were identified during the study period. Of these, 107 (74.3%) @entity0 were treated with @entity5 and 37 (25.7%) were treated with laparoscopic salpingectomy. Eighty-eight @entity0 (82.2%) in the @entity5 group and 22 @entity0 (59.4%) @entity0 in the salpingectomy group underwent a subsequent @entity1 -ET cycle. There were no significant differences in demographic data or baseline cycle characteristics between the 2 groups. No difference was observed in basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level before and after @entity5 or salpingectomy treatment. Indicators of ovarian responsiveness, including total days of stimulation, total dosage of gonadotropins, and number of mature oocytes before and after either treatment, were comparable in the 2 groups. The number of doses of @entity5 (1 vs > 1) did not correlate with changes in ovarian response. The pregnancy outcomes, specifically live birth, were equivalent in the 2 groups. Comparing post- @entity5 cycles and post-salpingectomy cycles, @entity0 in the latter group required higher doses of gonadotropins (+705 IU vs +221.5 IU; p < .01), although the number of mature oocytes remained similar in the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity4 with @entity5 or salpingectomy might not adversely affect ovarian reserve, ovarian responsiveness, or subsequent @entity1 cycle outcomes. However, in our study cohort, @entity0 treated with @entity5 , those s treated with laparoscopic salpingectomy required higher gonadotropin doses in a subsequent cycle to attain the same number of mature oocytes.

title: Effect of XXXX or Salpingectomy for Ectopic Pregnancy on Subsequent In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer Outcomes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This article reviews studies of the carcinogenicity of mineral fibers, notably @entity2 , and presents seven major recommendations for further research. Mineral fibers represent the greatest cause--after cigarette smoke--of @entity1 due to air pollutants. Past @entity2 exposure may currently account for 2000 @entity4 deaths per year and 4000 to 6000 @entity0 deaths per year. All major commercial types of @entity2 (crocidolite, amosite, and chrysotile) can cause each of the major @entity2 -related @entity3 . @entity0 in @entity2 -exposed individuals probably do not have a different distribution of histological types from that of @entity0 . Nonoccupational exposures are likely to be associated with @entity1 outcomes qualitatively similar to those associated with occupational exposures. Further investigations of fibers are needed to characterize the relationships among physicochemical properties, patterns of migration and clearance, dose, and adverse health effects. Transmission electron microscopy has been found to be the preferred method of analysis of environmental fibers. Relations among time factors (e.g., age at first exposure), dose, and risk for adverse health effects require analyses of existing and new epidemiologic studies of exposed cohorts. Concomitant exposure, behavioral factors, and host factors affecting susceptibility to @entity2 should be identified.

title: Contribution of environmental fibers to XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Premature @entity2 in @entity3 @entity0 may be due, in part, to increased growth of vascular cells. Therefore, the growth stimulating effect of serum and serum fractions from @entity0 with primary @entity4 (LDL- @entity1 : 7.5 +/- 1.7 mmol/l) and from healthy subjects on @entity0 arterial smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts has been investigated over 5-7 days in culture. @entity0 @entity3 sera increased the growth of both cell types up to a mean of 133% compared with normal sera (100%) (P less than 0.001). Removal of the dialyzable serum fraction (m.w. less than 3,500 daltons) reduced the growth effect of the @entity3 sera by 32% (P less than 0.001) and of the normal sera by 11% (P less than 0.01). Readdition of the @entity3 serum dialysate to its dialyzed serum restored completely the original growth effect. There was no significant difference in growth stimulation between the dialyzed @entity3 and normal sera excluding a major additional growth effect by LDL- @entity1 . The low molecular weight growth factor(s) of @entity3 serum (m.w. less than 3,500 daltons) showed a linear dependence of growth stimulation over a 20-fold concentration range. Increased amounts of this factor(s) might easily penetrate the arterial wall, thus contributing to atherogenesis.

title: Increased growth stimulation of @entity0 vascular cells by serum from @entity0 with primary XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Premature @entity2 in @entity3 @entity0 may be due, in part, to increased growth of vascular cells. Therefore, the growth stimulating effect of serum and serum fractions from @entity0 with primary @entity4 (LDL- @entity1 : 7.5 +/- 1.7 mmol/l) and from healthy subjects on @entity0 arterial smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts has been investigated over 5-7 days in culture. @entity0 @entity3 sera increased the growth of both cell types up to a mean of 133% compared with normal sera (100%) (P less than 0.001). Removal of the dialyzable serum fraction (m.w. less than 3,500 daltons) reduced the growth effect of the @entity3 sera by 32% (P less than 0.001) and of the normal sera by 11% (P less than 0.01). Readdition of the @entity3 serum dialysate to its dialyzed serum restored completely the original growth effect. There was no significant difference in growth stimulation between the dialyzed @entity3 and normal sera excluding a major additional growth effect by LDL- @entity1 . The low molecular weight growth factor(s) of @entity3 serum (m.w. less than 3,500 daltons) showed a linear dependence of growth stimulation over a 20-fold concentration range. Increased amounts of this factor(s) might easily penetrate the arterial wall, thus contributing to atherogenesis.

title: Increased growth stimulation of XXXX vascular cells by serum from @entity0 with primary @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Premature @entity2 in @entity3 @entity0 may be due, in part, to increased growth of vascular cells. Therefore, the growth stimulating effect of serum and serum fractions from @entity0 with primary @entity4 (LDL- @entity1 : 7.5 +/- 1.7 mmol/l) and from healthy subjects on @entity0 arterial smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts has been investigated over 5-7 days in culture. @entity0 @entity3 sera increased the growth of both cell types up to a mean of 133% compared with normal sera (100%) (P less than 0.001). Removal of the dialyzable serum fraction (m.w. less than 3,500 daltons) reduced the growth effect of the @entity3 sera by 32% (P less than 0.001) and of the normal sera by 11% (P less than 0.01). Readdition of the @entity3 serum dialysate to its dialyzed serum restored completely the original growth effect. There was no significant difference in growth stimulation between the dialyzed @entity3 and normal sera excluding a major additional growth effect by LDL- @entity1 . The low molecular weight growth factor(s) of @entity3 serum (m.w. less than 3,500 daltons) showed a linear dependence of growth stimulation over a 20-fold concentration range. Increased amounts of this factor(s) might easily penetrate the arterial wall, thus contributing to atherogenesis.

title: Increased growth stimulation of @entity0 vascular cells by serum from XXXX with primary @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity0 with @entity2 experience @entity3 care towards the end of life (EOL) despite evidence of an association with poor outcomes such as @entity4 and overall dissatisfaction with care. PURPOSE: To investigate socio-demographic, clinical and community health care service factors associated with @entity2 care. METHODS: An analysis of pooled data from two mortality follow-back surveys was performed. Aggressive EOL care was defined as greater than or equal to one of the following indicators occurring during the last 3  months of life: greater than or equal to two emergency department visits, >= 30  days in hospital and @entity5 in hospital. RESULTS: Of the 681 included @entity0 , 50.1  % were @entity0 and mean age at @entity5 was 75  years. The majority of @entity0 (59.3 %,  95  % confidence interval (CI) 55.6-63.0  %) experienced at least one indicator of @entity3 EOL care: 29.7  % experienced greater than or equal to two @entity6 visits, 17.1  % spent >= 30  days in hospital and 37.9  % died in hospital. @entity0 with prostate or haematological @entity2 were more likely to experience @entity3 EOL care (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.36, 95  % CI 1.39-13.70, and 4.16, 95  % CI 1.38-12.47, respectively, reference group @entity1 ). @entity0 who received greater than five general practitioner (GP) home visits (AOR 0.37, 95  % CI 0.17-0.82, reference group no GP visits) or had contact with district nursing (AOR 0.48, 95  % CI 0.28-0.83, reference group no contact) or contact with community palliative care services (AOR 0.27, 95  % CI 0.15-0.49, reference group no contact) were less likely to experience @entity3 EOL care. No association was found between @entity3 EOL care and @entity0 ' age, gender, marital, financial or health status. CONCLUSIONS: Community health care services, in particular contact with community palliative care, are associated with a significant reduction in the odds of @entity2 @entity0 receiving @entity3 EOL care. Expansion of such services may help address the current capacity crises faced by many acute health care systems.

title: Factors associated with XXXX care.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cumulating evidence from epidemiologic studies implicates cardiovascular health and cerebrovascular function in several @entity3 in late life. We examined vascular risk factors with respect to a cerebrovascular measure of brain functioning in subjects in mid-life, which could represent a marker of brain changes in later life. Breath-hold functional MRI (fMRI) was performed in 541 @entity0 and @entity0 (mean age 50.4years) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Brain MRI sub-study. Cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) was quantified as percentage change in blood- @entity2 level dependent (BOLD) signal in activated voxels, which was mapped to a common brain template and log-transformed. Mean CVR was calculated for anatomic regions underlying the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) - a network implicated in @entity5 and other @entity3 - in addition to areas considered to be relatively spared in the disease (e.g. occipital lobe), which were utilized as reference regions. Mean CVR was significantly reduced in the posterior cingulate/precuneus (b=-0.063, 95% CI: -0.106, -0.020), anterior cingulate (b=-0.055, 95% CI: -0.101, -0.010), and medial frontal lobe (b=-0.050, 95% CI: -0.092, -0.008) relative to mean CVR in the occipital lobe, after adjustment for age, sex, race, education, and smoking status, in subjects with pre- @entity4 / @entity4 compared to normotensive subjects. By contrast, mean CVR was lower, but not significantly, in the inferior parietal lobe (b=-0.024, 95% CI: -0.062, 0.014) and the hippocampus (b=-0.006, 95% CI: -0.062, 0.050) relative to mean CVR in the occipital lobe. Similar results were observed in subjects with @entity1 and @entity7 compared to those without these conditions, though the differences were non-significant. Reduced CVR may represent diminished vascular functionality for the @entity8 for individuals with @entity6 / @entity4 in mid-life, and may serve as a preclinical marker for @entity3 in later life.

title: Vascular risk factors, cerebrovascular reactivity, and the XXXX network.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The authors described twins of ten-year-old @entity0 who developed @entity9 at the same time. The family history showed no abnormality. They were born in 1973 under the cesarean section for the early rupture of the membranes and weak @entity2 . The first case experienced tonic @entity4 , and abnormal findings on the EEG were pointed out on May, 1979. Seven months later, CT scan was performed in another hospital, which showed the findings of @entity5 . She experienced @entity6 attacks on January, 1980, and had the first admission. She was diagnosed as @entity3 . Right carotid angiography (CAG) was performed, which showed no abnormal findings. On August, 1983, she complained @entity1 ( @entity1 ) of @entity7 and sometimes loss of consciousness for 5 to 10 minutes. She had the second admission on September, 1984. Growing status and neuro-psychological findings were normal. The EEG seemed almost normal, but she complained a @entity1 on right upper extremity two minutes after the hyperventilation, so the examination was stopped. CT findings was the same as that performed in 1979. Bilateral CAG showed marked stenosis of the internal carotid arteries (ICA) at the siphon and basal moyamoya vessels. Vertebral angiography had no sterno -occlusive lesions. Left encephalo-duro-arterio-synangiosis (EDAS) was performed, and six weeks later, right EDAS. Postoperatively, @entity8 disappeared and she had a good clinical course. The second case had a similar history as described in case 1, except the @entity6 of @entity3 attacks. EEG abnormality was pointed out, and she also had the diagnosis of @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX in twins].

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: The ischial tuberosity, referred to as the "sit bone" by @entity0 with @entity2 , is surrounded by critical nerves. This research relates, for the first time, the involvement of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (PFCN), including its perineal and @entity1 to the symptom of "sitting @entity2 ." An experience with PFCN resection for treatment of @entity2 with sitting is reported. @entity0 AND METHODS: The computer records were searched from 2010 through August of 2013, identifying 17 @entity0 who had surgery on PFCN. Fifteen of these 17 were @entity0 . Mean age of 17 @entity0 was 54.6 years (range 30-74 years). Each @entity0 had @entity2 with sitting, and spent much of the day standing or lying down. Each had symptoms involving posterior thigh and buttock. Three @entity0 had bilateral problems. Each of 17 @entity0 in this series had resection of PFCN through an incision in the gluteal crease. Resection included @entity1 and perineal branch. RESULTS: Of 17 @entity0 , at a mean of 19.4 months (range 6 to 42 months) after surgery, the visual analog scale improved from a mean of 9.2 to a mean of 2.1 (P   <   0.0001). There were 7 excellent, 6 good, 3 fair, and 1 poor result, for 76% good to excellent result in terms of @entity2 relief and improvement in being able to sit. CONCLUSION: @entity2 with sitting can be due to @entity3 , a previously unreported etiology. Good to excellent results can be expected in 76% of carefully selected @entity0 .

title: @entity2 with sitting related to XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The ischial tuberosity, referred to as the "sit bone" by @entity0 with @entity2 , is surrounded by critical nerves. This research relates, for the first time, the involvement of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (PFCN), including its perineal and @entity1 to the symptom of "sitting @entity2 ." An experience with PFCN resection for treatment of @entity2 with sitting is reported. @entity0 AND METHODS: The computer records were searched from 2010 through August of 2013, identifying 17 @entity0 who had surgery on PFCN. Fifteen of these 17 were @entity0 . Mean age of 17 @entity0 was 54.6 years (range 30-74 years). Each @entity0 had @entity2 with sitting, and spent much of the day standing or lying down. Each had symptoms involving posterior thigh and buttock. Three @entity0 had bilateral problems. Each of 17 @entity0 in this series had resection of PFCN through an incision in the gluteal crease. Resection included @entity1 and perineal branch. RESULTS: Of 17 @entity0 , at a mean of 19.4 months (range 6 to 42 months) after surgery, the visual analog scale improved from a mean of 9.2 to a mean of 2.1 (P   <   0.0001). There were 7 excellent, 6 good, 3 fair, and 1 poor result, for 76% good to excellent result in terms of @entity2 relief and improvement in being able to sit. CONCLUSION: @entity2 with sitting can be due to @entity3 , a previously unreported etiology. Good to excellent results can be expected in 76% of carefully selected @entity0 .

title: XXXX with sitting related to @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 treated for @entity1 is a common and direct sequela of chemotherapy. Episodes of @entity4 can be life-threatening, and demand prompt recognition, assessment and treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics. While in the majority of episodes no @entity2 is identified, 10-20% are secondary to a @entity2 ( @entity2 ). A reduction in episodes of @entity2 could be achieved through robust infection prevention strategies, such as CVL care bundles. Alongside good antimicrobial stewardship, these strategies could reduce the risk of emergent, multi-drug resistant (MDR) @entity2 . Emerging bacterial pathogens in @entity2 include Viridans Group Streptococci (VGS) and Enterobacteriaceae such as @entity5 spp. which are known for their ability to carry MDR genes. There is also increased recognition of the role of invasive @entity3 (IFI) in @entity4 , in particular with Aspergillus spp. Novel diagnostics, including multiplex blood and respiratory polymerase chain reaction assays can identify @entity2 early in @entity4 , facilitating targeted therapy, and reducing unnecessary antimicrobial exposure. Given appropriate, and sensitive rapid diagnostics, potential also exists to safely inform the risk assessment of @entity0 with @entity4 , identifying those at low risk of complication, who could be treated in the out- @entity0 setting. Several clinical decision rules (CDR) have now been developed and validated in defined populations, for the risk assessment of @entity0 being treated for @entity1 . Future research is needed to develop a universal CDR to improve the management of @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: XXXX in @entity0 treated for @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 treated for @entity1 is a common and direct sequela of chemotherapy. Episodes of @entity4 can be life-threatening, and demand prompt recognition, assessment and treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics. While in the majority of episodes no @entity2 is identified, 10-20% are secondary to a @entity2 ( @entity2 ). A reduction in episodes of @entity2 could be achieved through robust infection prevention strategies, such as CVL care bundles. Alongside good antimicrobial stewardship, these strategies could reduce the risk of emergent, multi-drug resistant (MDR) @entity2 . Emerging bacterial pathogens in @entity2 include Viridans Group Streptococci (VGS) and Enterobacteriaceae such as @entity5 spp. which are known for their ability to carry MDR genes. There is also increased recognition of the role of invasive @entity3 (IFI) in @entity4 , in particular with Aspergillus spp. Novel diagnostics, including multiplex blood and respiratory polymerase chain reaction assays can identify @entity2 early in @entity4 , facilitating targeted therapy, and reducing unnecessary antimicrobial exposure. Given appropriate, and sensitive rapid diagnostics, potential also exists to safely inform the risk assessment of @entity0 with @entity4 , identifying those at low risk of complication, who could be treated in the out- @entity0 setting. Several clinical decision rules (CDR) have now been developed and validated in defined populations, for the risk assessment of @entity0 being treated for @entity1 . Future research is needed to develop a universal CDR to improve the management of @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: @entity4 in @entity0 treated for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 treated for @entity1 is a common and direct sequela of chemotherapy. Episodes of @entity4 can be life-threatening, and demand prompt recognition, assessment and treatment with broad spectrum antibiotics. While in the majority of episodes no @entity2 is identified, 10-20% are secondary to a @entity2 ( @entity2 ). A reduction in episodes of @entity2 could be achieved through robust infection prevention strategies, such as CVL care bundles. Alongside good antimicrobial stewardship, these strategies could reduce the risk of emergent, multi-drug resistant (MDR) @entity2 . Emerging bacterial pathogens in @entity2 include Viridans Group Streptococci (VGS) and Enterobacteriaceae such as @entity5 spp. which are known for their ability to carry MDR genes. There is also increased recognition of the role of invasive @entity3 (IFI) in @entity4 , in particular with Aspergillus spp. Novel diagnostics, including multiplex blood and respiratory polymerase chain reaction assays can identify @entity2 early in @entity4 , facilitating targeted therapy, and reducing unnecessary antimicrobial exposure. Given appropriate, and sensitive rapid diagnostics, potential also exists to safely inform the risk assessment of @entity0 with @entity4 , identifying those at low risk of complication, who could be treated in the out- @entity0 setting. Several clinical decision rules (CDR) have now been developed and validated in defined populations, for the risk assessment of @entity0 being treated for @entity1 . Future research is needed to develop a universal CDR to improve the management of @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: @entity4 in XXXX treated for @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Monoarthritis, defined as inflammation of a single joint, requires a thorough physical examination in @entity0 , as @entity3 may be lacking in 10% to 30% of cases and joint stiffness may be the only symptom. Joint aspiration is a crucial diagnostic tool that remains markedly underused. Joint aspiration may be unnecessary, however, when the family history or other investigations provide the diagnosis. Radiographs of the involved joint may supply information on the severity of the lesions. In doubtful cases and in @entity0 with @entity9 , B-mode and Doppler ultrasound or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may confirm the presence of @entity4 . Although suspected @entity11 is an emergency and occurs frequently, particularly before 2  years of age, acute monoarthritis is often a post-infectious manifestation and therefore associated with a good outcome. @entity8 should be sought, particularly when a lower limb joint is involved, as tick bites often go unnoticed. @entity2 is very often a manifestation of @entity10 ( @entity10 ), which exists as several variants. @entity10 is a specifically @entity7 , whereas the other patterns of @entity10 have corresponding forms in adults, despite a number of specific features due to their onset during childhood. Tests for antinuclear antibodies should be performed routinely in @entity0 with monoarthritis persisting longer than 3  weeks. A decline in general health or a fever should suggest @entity5 revealing @entity1 , which is a @entity6 in most cases. Finally, suggestive symptoms are often present in @entity0 with less common causes such as auto-inflammatory diseases and connective tissue diseases.

title: Managing monoarthritis in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study tested the hypothesis that @entity7 , a @entity5 entry blocking drug, will improve post- @entity2 neurologic outcome when administered after a period of complete @entity6 , and that the improvement in outcome is related to an increase in post- @entity2 cerebral blood flow (CBF). @entity6 was produced in 31 @entity3 by temporary ligation of the aorta and venae cavae. In six @entity3 , 10 min of complete @entity6 was followed by an infusion of @entity7 1.0 mg X kg-1 iv over 10 min. CBF and cerebral metabolic rate for @entity1 (CMRO2) were measured pre- @entity2 , and for 90 min post- @entity2 . The results from these six @entity3 were compared with results previously obtained from eight untreated @entity3 under similar, but not identical, conditions. The CBF measured post- @entity2 in the @entity3 administered @entity7 did not differ from the CBF measured post- @entity2 in the untreated @entity3 . Both groups showed an initial @entity4 post- @entity2 , followed by significant decreases in CBF from control values by 35 min post- @entity2 . The post- @entity2 CMRO2 also did not differ between @entity7 treated and untreated groups. In 25 @entity3 , 11 min of complete @entity6 was followed by an iv infusion of either @entity7 1.0 mg X kg-1 or saline placebo. The same iv infusions were repeated at 8 and 16 h post- @entity2 . Seven @entity3 were excluded from data analysis for failure to meet pre-established protocol criteria. @entity0 was evaluated in the remaining @entity3 at 48 h post- @entity2 by an observer blinded to the treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of XXXX on cerebral blood flow and neurologic outcome when administered after complete @entity6 in @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: This study tested the hypothesis that @entity7 , a @entity5 entry blocking drug, will improve post- @entity2 neurologic outcome when administered after a period of complete @entity6 , and that the improvement in outcome is related to an increase in post- @entity2 cerebral blood flow (CBF). @entity6 was produced in 31 @entity3 by temporary ligation of the aorta and venae cavae. In six @entity3 , 10 min of complete @entity6 was followed by an infusion of @entity7 1.0 mg X kg-1 iv over 10 min. CBF and cerebral metabolic rate for @entity1 (CMRO2) were measured pre- @entity2 , and for 90 min post- @entity2 . The results from these six @entity3 were compared with results previously obtained from eight untreated @entity3 under similar, but not identical, conditions. The CBF measured post- @entity2 in the @entity3 administered @entity7 did not differ from the CBF measured post- @entity2 in the untreated @entity3 . Both groups showed an initial @entity4 post- @entity2 , followed by significant decreases in CBF from control values by 35 min post- @entity2 . The post- @entity2 CMRO2 also did not differ between @entity7 treated and untreated groups. In 25 @entity3 , 11 min of complete @entity6 was followed by an iv infusion of either @entity7 1.0 mg X kg-1 or saline placebo. The same iv infusions were repeated at 8 and 16 h post- @entity2 . Seven @entity3 were excluded from data analysis for failure to meet pre-established protocol criteria. @entity0 was evaluated in the remaining @entity3 at 48 h post- @entity2 by an observer blinded to the treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of @entity7 on cerebral blood flow and neurologic outcome when administered after complete XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: This study tested the hypothesis that @entity7 , a @entity5 entry blocking drug, will improve post- @entity2 neurologic outcome when administered after a period of complete @entity6 , and that the improvement in outcome is related to an increase in post- @entity2 cerebral blood flow (CBF). @entity6 was produced in 31 @entity3 by temporary ligation of the aorta and venae cavae. In six @entity3 , 10 min of complete @entity6 was followed by an infusion of @entity7 1.0 mg X kg-1 iv over 10 min. CBF and cerebral metabolic rate for @entity1 (CMRO2) were measured pre- @entity2 , and for 90 min post- @entity2 . The results from these six @entity3 were compared with results previously obtained from eight untreated @entity3 under similar, but not identical, conditions. The CBF measured post- @entity2 in the @entity3 administered @entity7 did not differ from the CBF measured post- @entity2 in the untreated @entity3 . Both groups showed an initial @entity4 post- @entity2 , followed by significant decreases in CBF from control values by 35 min post- @entity2 . The post- @entity2 CMRO2 also did not differ between @entity7 treated and untreated groups. In 25 @entity3 , 11 min of complete @entity6 was followed by an iv infusion of either @entity7 1.0 mg X kg-1 or saline placebo. The same iv infusions were repeated at 8 and 16 h post- @entity2 . Seven @entity3 were excluded from data analysis for failure to meet pre-established protocol criteria. @entity0 was evaluated in the remaining @entity3 at 48 h post- @entity2 by an observer blinded to the treatment groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of @entity7 on cerebral blood flow and neurologic outcome when administered after complete @entity6 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 are rare, but have a high mortality rate in @entity0 and  adolescents. We sought to investigate mechanisms of injury and predictors of survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The Kids' Inpatient Database (1997-2009) was used to identify cases of @entity2 and @entity3 (International Classification of Diseases, ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 901.0, 902.0) occurring in @entity0 aged <20  y. Bivariate and risk-adjusted multivariate analyses were used to reveal associated diagnoses and procedures and to identify predictors of in-hospital mortality, respectively. Cases were limited to emergent or urgent admissions. RESULTS: A total of 468 cases were identified. Survival was 65% overall, 63% for @entity0 and 68% for @entity0 . The most common mechanism of injury was motor vehicle-related (77%), followed by other penetrating @entity1 (10%) and @entity1 (8%). On multivariate modeling, @entity0 (odds ratio, 0.15 [95% confidence interval, 0.05, 0.45]) and Hispanic @entity0 (0.17 [0.05, 0.60]) had lower associated mortality versus @entity0 and Caucasians, respectively. Self-pay @entity0 (6.47 [1.94, 21.6]) had higher mortality versus privately insured @entity0 . @entity0 in the fourth income quartile had lower mortality versus all income quartile @entity0 . @entity0 admitted to urban nonteaching hospitals (0.15 [0.04, 0.59]) had lower mortality versus those admitted to urban teaching hospitals. @entity0 with @entity4 (47.9 [12.3, 187]) or necessitating exploratory laparotomy (13.7 [2.06, 91.4]) had the highest associated mortality overall. Survival increased over the study period between 1997 and  2009. CONCLUSIONS: Motor vehicle-related @entity1 are the predominant mechanisms of @entity1 in the pediatric population. Gender, race, payer status, income quartile, and hospital type, along with associated procedures and diagnoses, are significant determinants of mortality on multivariate analysis.

title: Mechanism and mortality of pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are a variety of reported surgical techniques outcomes of chronic grade III posterolateral corner (PLC) @entity3 . It is unknown if outcomes differ among the various surgical treatments. PURPOSE: To systematically review the literature and report subjective and objective outcomes for surgical treatment strategies for chronic grade III @entity1 to determine the optimal surgical technique. STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature including Cochrane, PubMed, Medline, and Embase was performed. The following search terms were used: posterolateral corner knee, posterolateral knee, posterolateral instability, multiligament knee, and @entity2 . Inclusion criteria were outcome studies of surgical treatment for chronic @entity3 with a minimum 2-year follow-up, subjective outcomes, objective outcomes including varus stability, and subgroup data on @entity1 . Two investigators independently reviewed all abstracts. Accepted definitions of varus stability on examination or stress radiographs, and the need for revision surgery, were used to categorically define success and failure. RESULTS: Fifteen studies with a total of 456 @entity0 were included in this study. The 15 studies included 5 with level 3 evidence and 10 with level 4 evidence. The mean age of the @entity0 in each study ranged from 25.2 to 40 years, the reported mean time to surgery ranged from 5.5 to 52.8 months, and the mean follow-up duration ranged from 2 to 16.3 years. Mean postoperative Lysholm scores ranged from 65.5 to 91.8; mean postoperative International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores ranged from 62.6 to 86.0. Based on objective stability, there was an overall success rate of 90% and a 10% failure rate of PLC reconstruction. A variety of surgical techniques were reported. CONCLUSION: @entity4 were reconstructed in all studies, and while techniques varied, the surgical management of chronic @entity1 had a 90% success rate and a 10% failure rate according to the individual investigators' examination or stress radiographic assessment of objective outcomes. More than half of the 456 @entity0 had a combined posterior cruciate ligament-PLC injury. Surgical techniques included variations of fibular slings, capsular shifts, and anatomic-based techniques (fibular tunnel and tibial tunnel). Further research is needed to determine the optimal surgical technique for treating chronic grade III @entity1 .

title: A Systematic Review of the Outcomes of Posterolateral Corner Knee Injuries, Part 2: Surgical Treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Intimal @entity1 (the presence of v-lesions) in kidney transplant biopsy specimens is believed to have major prognostic and diagnostic significance. We assessed the relationship of v-lesions to prognosis in 703 indication biopsy specimens and used microarray-based molecular tests to re-examine the relationship of v-lesions to rejection. v-Lesions were noted in 49 specimens (7%) and were usually mild (v1). The presence of v-lesions had no effect on graft survival compared with the absence of v-lesions. Pathologists using current conventions almost always interpreted v-lesions as reflecting T cell-mediated rejection (TCMR), either pure or mixed with antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR). The molecular scores questioned the conventional diagnoses in 29 of 49 specimens (59%), including ten that were conventional TCMR with no molecular rejection and nine that were conventional TCMR mixed with pure ABMR molecularly. The presence of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) meeting TCMR criteria allowed subclassification of v-lesion specimens into 21 @entity0 -v-lesion specimens and 28 isolated v-lesion specimens. Molecular TCMR scores were positive in 95% of @entity0 -v-lesion specimens but only 21% of isolated v-lesion specimens. Molecular ABMR scores were often positive in isolated v-lesion biopsies (46%). Time of biopsy after transplantation was critical for understanding isolated v-lesions: most early isolated v-lesion specimens had no molecular rejection and were DSA negative, whereas most isolated >1 year after transplantation had positive DSA and ABMR scores. Therefore, v-lesions in indication biopsy specimens do not affect prognosis and can reflect TCMR, ABMR, or no rejection. Time after transplantation, DSA, and accompanying @entity0 provide probabilistic basis for interpreting v-lesions.

title: Reassessing the Significance of Intimal XXXX in Kidney Transplant Biopsy Specimens.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Variations in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity7 management have not been well studied. The goals of this study were to assess variations in management, and emergency physicians' risk perception and disposition decision making. We conducted a prospective study of adults with @entity7 in six EDs in four cities over 32 months. We collected @entity0 characteristics, @entity2 management, disposition, physicians' prediction probabilities at index presentation and followed @entity0 for 30 days for serious outcomes: death, @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity5 , structural @entity1 , @entity6 , significant @entity3 , or procedural interventions. We used descriptive statistics, ROC curves, and regression analyses. We enrolled 3662 @entity0 : mean age 54.3 years, and 12.9 % were hospitalized. Follow-up data were available for 3365 @entity0 (91.9 %) and 345 @entity0 (10.3 %) suffered serious outcomes: 120 (3.6 %) after @entity2 disposition including 48 @entity0 outside the hospital. After accounting for differences in @entity0 case mix, the rates of @entity2 investigations and disposition were significantly different (p < 0.0001) across the four study cities; as were the rates of 30-day serious outcomes (p < 0.0001) and serious outcomes after @entity2 disposition (p = 0.0227). There was poor agreement between physician risk perception and both observed event rates and referral patterns (p < 0.0001). Only 76.7 % (95 % CI 68.1-83.6) of @entity0 with serious outcomes were appropriately referred. There are large and unexplained differences in @entity7 . Moreover, there is poor agreement between physician risk perception, disposition decision making, and serious outcomes after @entity2 disposition. A valid risk-stratification tool might help standardize @entity2 management and improve disposition decision making.

title: Emergency department management of XXXX : need for standardization and improved risk stratification.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We found for the first time that in @entity2 @entity0 , higher @entity7 serum level was associated with severe @entity6 ( @entity6 ). In addition, cortical bone microarchitecture (density and thickness) assessed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) at tibia was also independently associated with severe @entity6 . These results suggest that @entity7 may be involved in the association of @entity3 with @entity5 in hemodialysis @entity0 . INTRODUCTION: Severe @entity6 are predictive of high cardiovascular mortality in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . In @entity0 with @entity4 , a high aortic @entity6 score was associated with lower bone turnover on bone biopsies. Thus, we hypothesized that @entity7 , a Wnt pathway inhibitor mainly secreted by osteocytes and acting on osteoblasts to reduce bone formation, may be associated with @entity5 in @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: Fifty-three @entity2 @entity0 , aged 53  years [35-63] (median [Q1-Q3]) were included. Serum was sampled before the @entity2 session to assay @entity7 . Framingham score was computed and the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) score was assessed according to Kauppila method on lateral spine imaging using DEXA. Tibia bone status was evaluated by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). @entity0 were distributed into two groups according to their @entity6 score: @entity0 with mild or without @entity6 (score below 6) versus @entity0 with severe @entity6 (score of 6 and above). RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, after adjustment on age, dialysis duration and @entity1 , serum @entity7 and cortical thickness were independently associated with severe @entity6 (odds ratio (OR)   =   1.43 for each 0.1  ng/mL increase [95  % confidence interval (CI) 1.10-1.83]; p   =   0.006 and 0.16 for 1 SD increase [0.03-0.73]; p   =   0.018, respectively). A second cardiovascular model adjusted on Framingham score and the above mentioned confounders showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated @entity7 serum level and poorer tibia cortical bone structure by HR-pQCT were positively and independently associated with higher odds of severe @entity6 in @entity2 patients. Serum @entity7 may become a biomarker of @entity3 and vascular risk in @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Serum XXXX : the missing link in the bone-vessel cross-talk in hemodialysis @entity0 ?

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We found for the first time that in @entity2 @entity0 , higher @entity7 serum level was associated with severe @entity6 ( @entity6 ). In addition, cortical bone microarchitecture (density and thickness) assessed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) at tibia was also independently associated with severe @entity6 . These results suggest that @entity7 may be involved in the association of @entity3 with @entity5 in hemodialysis @entity0 . INTRODUCTION: Severe @entity6 are predictive of high cardiovascular mortality in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . In @entity0 with @entity4 , a high aortic @entity6 score was associated with lower bone turnover on bone biopsies. Thus, we hypothesized that @entity7 , a Wnt pathway inhibitor mainly secreted by osteocytes and acting on osteoblasts to reduce bone formation, may be associated with @entity5 in @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: Fifty-three @entity2 @entity0 , aged 53  years [35-63] (median [Q1-Q3]) were included. Serum was sampled before the @entity2 session to assay @entity7 . Framingham score was computed and the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) score was assessed according to Kauppila method on lateral spine imaging using DEXA. Tibia bone status was evaluated by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). @entity0 were distributed into two groups according to their @entity6 score: @entity0 with mild or without @entity6 (score below 6) versus @entity0 with severe @entity6 (score of 6 and above). RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, after adjustment on age, dialysis duration and @entity1 , serum @entity7 and cortical thickness were independently associated with severe @entity6 (odds ratio (OR)   =   1.43 for each 0.1  ng/mL increase [95  % confidence interval (CI) 1.10-1.83]; p   =   0.006 and 0.16 for 1 SD increase [0.03-0.73]; p   =   0.018, respectively). A second cardiovascular model adjusted on Framingham score and the above mentioned confounders showed similar results. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated @entity7 serum level and poorer tibia cortical bone structure by HR-pQCT were positively and independently associated with higher odds of severe @entity6 in @entity2 patients. Serum @entity7 may become a biomarker of @entity3 and vascular risk in @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Serum @entity7 : the missing link in the bone-vessel cross-talk in hemodialysis XXXX ?

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: To understand the spread of native populations of Lepidium latifolium growing in different altitudes in Ladakh region of Western Himalayas, photosynthetic and fluorescence characteristics were evaluated in relation to their micro-environment. Three sites representing @entity6 ( @entity6 ), moderately populated (MPS) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were selected. Results showed that the @entity2 had higher photosynthetic accumulation than MPS and @entity6 . The higher transpiration rate at @entity2 despite lower vapor pressure deficit and higher relative humidity suggest the regulation of its leaf temperature by evaporative cooling. Intrinsic soil parameters such as water holding capacity and nutrient availability also play crucial role in higher biomass here. The quantum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv /Fm , non-photochemical quenching (NPQ),   PSII ) and light curve at various PPFDs suggests better light harvesting potential and light compensation point at @entity2 than the other two sites. Concomitantly, plants at @entity6 had significantly higher lipid peroxidation, suggesting a stressful environment, and higher induction of antioxidative enzymes. Metabolic content of reduced @entity1 also suggests an efficient mechanism in @entity2 and MPS than @entity6 . High light intensities at MPS are managed by specialized contrive of carotenoid pigments and PsbS gene product. Large pool of @entity4 and @entity5 plays an important role in this response. It is suggested that L. latifolium is present as ' @entity0 ' that has inherent biochemical plasticity involving multiple processes in Western Himalayas. Its potential spread is linked to site-specific micro-environment, whereby, it prefers flat @entity3 with alluvial fills having high water availability, and has little or no altitudinal effect.

title: Physiological and biochemical plasticity of Lepidium latifolium as ' XXXX ' in Western Himalayas.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effect of a relaxing visual distraction alone on @entity0 @entity2 , @entity1 , and satisfaction during colonoscopy. METHODS: This study was designed as an endoscopist-blinded randomized controlled trial with 60 consecutively enrolled @entity0 who underwent elective colonoscopy at Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan. @entity0 were randomly assigned to two groups: group 1 watched a silent movie using a head-mounted display, while group 2 only wore the display. All of the colonoscopies were performed without sedation. We examined @entity2 , @entity1 , and the satisfaction of @entity0 before and after the procedure using questionnaires that included the Visual Analog Scale. @entity0 were also asked whether they would be willing to use the same method for a repeat procedure. RESULTS: A total of 60 @entity0 were allocated to two groups. Two @entity0 assigned to group 1 and one @entity0 assigned to group 2 were excluded after the randomization. Twenty-eight @entity0 in group 1 and 29 @entity0 in group 2 were entered into the final analysis. The groups were similar in terms of gender, age, history of prior colonoscopy, and pre-procedural @entity1 score. The two groups were comparable in terms of the cecal insertion rate, the time to reach the cecum, the time needed for the total procedure, and vital signs. The median @entity1 score during the colonoscopy did not differ significantly between the two groups (median scores, 20 vs 24). The median @entity2 score during the procedure was lower in group 1, but the difference was not significant (median scores, 24.5 vs 42). The @entity0 in group 1 reported significantly higher median post-procedural satisfaction levels, compared with the @entity0 in group 2 (median scores, 89 vs 72, P = 0.04). Nearly three-quarters of the @entity0 in group 1 wished to use the same method for repeat procedures, and the difference in rates between the two groups was statistically significant (75.0% vs 48.3%, P = 0.04). @entity0 with greater levels of @entity1 before the procedure tended to feel a @entity2 sensation. Among @entity0 with a pre-procedural @entity1 score of 50 or higher, the @entity1 score during the procedure was significantly lower in the group that received the visual distraction (median scores, 20 vs 68, P = 0.05); the @entity2 score during the colonoscopy was also lower (median scores, 23 vs 57, P = 0.04). No adverse effects arising from the visual distraction were recognized. CONCLUSION: Visual distraction alone improves satisfaction in @entity0 undergoing colonoscopy and decreases @entity1 and @entity2 during the procedure among @entity0 with a high pre-procedural @entity1 score.

title: Visual distraction alone for the improvement of colonoscopy-related XXXX and satisfaction.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Single neuronal activity was recorded extracellularly in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) in @entity0 anesthetized with @entity4 . @entity1 in a dose of 10 micrograms/kg had no significant effects on the SNC neurons. @entity5 (cumulative i.v. dose of 40 micrograms/kg, given as: 5, 5, 10 and 20 micrograms/kg) inhibited the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons, in a dose-dependent manner. @entity1 (cumulative i.v. dose of 10 micrograms/kg, as: 2.5, 2.5 and 5 micrograms/kg) reversed the effect of @entity2 . Complete reversal of the firing rate to @entity1 was observed with a dose of 10 micrograms/kg. In @entity0 pretreated with 10 micrograms/kg of @entity1 , there was a dramatic shift to the right of the @entity2 dose-response curve (cumulative i.v. dose of 800 micrograms/kg, as: 50, 50, 100, 200 and 400 micrograms/kg), and this inhibition was reversed by @entity1 (cumulative i.v. dose of 400 micrograms/kg, as: 50, 50, 100 and 200 micrograms/kg). @entity2 in doses of 40 micrograms/kg and 800 micrograms/kg elicited @entity3 behavior and stereotypy, respectively. @entity2 in a dose of 800 micrograms/kg elicited stereotypy in @entity0 treated 3 min before with 10 micrograms/kg of @entity1 . Therefore, electrophysiological determinations of events in the SNC dopaminergic neurons are given support by the behavior observed in these @entity0 .

title: Electrophysiological and behavioral assessments of dopamine autoreceptor activation to XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Single neuronal activity was recorded extracellularly in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) in @entity0 anesthetized with @entity4 . @entity1 in a dose of 10 micrograms/kg had no significant effects on the SNC neurons. @entity5 (cumulative i.v. dose of 40 micrograms/kg, given as: 5, 5, 10 and 20 micrograms/kg) inhibited the firing rate of dopaminergic neurons, in a dose-dependent manner. @entity1 (cumulative i.v. dose of 10 micrograms/kg, as: 2.5, 2.5 and 5 micrograms/kg) reversed the effect of @entity2 . Complete reversal of the firing rate to @entity1 was observed with a dose of 10 micrograms/kg. In @entity0 pretreated with 10 micrograms/kg of @entity1 , there was a dramatic shift to the right of the @entity2 dose-response curve (cumulative i.v. dose of 800 micrograms/kg, as: 50, 50, 100, 200 and 400 micrograms/kg), and this inhibition was reversed by @entity1 (cumulative i.v. dose of 400 micrograms/kg, as: 50, 50, 100 and 200 micrograms/kg). @entity2 in doses of 40 micrograms/kg and 800 micrograms/kg elicited @entity3 behavior and stereotypy, respectively. @entity2 in a dose of 800 micrograms/kg elicited stereotypy in @entity0 treated 3 min before with 10 micrograms/kg of @entity1 . Therefore, electrophysiological determinations of events in the SNC dopaminergic neurons are given support by the behavior observed in these @entity0 .

title: Electrophysiological and behavioral assessments of dopamine autoreceptor activation to @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The protective roles of metallothioneins (MT) against metal @entity2 suggest that MT may have a functional role in @entity3 resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of MT in specimens of @entity4 and compare it with clinical sensitivity to @entity3 based chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tissue blocks of primary GCT specimens obtained from 39 @entity0 were examined immunohistochemically for MT expression. Staining intensity was evaluated according to the percentage of MT positive cells and graded as [-], [+] and [++]. The staining characteristics were compared with the clinical response to chemotherapy. RESULTS: Of the 39 @entity1 , 3 evidenced no MT expression while 26 and 10 specimens showed [+] and [++] staining, respectively. Although @entity5 tend to stain weaker than @entity5 , the difference of staining between them was not significant (p = 0.19). Of the 39 @entity0 , 23 underwent @entity3 based chemotherapy. Of those, 6 progressed and 17 achieved complete remission. Of the non-responders, 5 showed [+] and 1 showed [++] staining. Six of the responders showed [+], 10 had [++] and 1 showed no staining. No association was found between MT staining and chemo-sensitivity (p = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS: MT expression in primary @entity4 did not differ between responding and non-responding @entity0 and therefore may not be useful in predicting response to chemotherapy.

title: Association of metallothionein expression and clinical response to XXXX based chemotherapy in testicular @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The protective roles of metallothioneins (MT) against metal @entity2 suggest that MT may have a functional role in @entity3 resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of MT in specimens of @entity4 and compare it with clinical sensitivity to @entity3 based chemotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Tissue blocks of primary GCT specimens obtained from 39 @entity0 were examined immunohistochemically for MT expression. Staining intensity was evaluated according to the percentage of MT positive cells and graded as [-], [+] and [++]. The staining characteristics were compared with the clinical response to chemotherapy. RESULTS: Of the 39 @entity1 , 3 evidenced no MT expression while 26 and 10 specimens showed [+] and [++] staining, respectively. Although @entity5 tend to stain weaker than @entity5 , the difference of staining between them was not significant (p = 0.19). Of the 39 @entity0 , 23 underwent @entity3 based chemotherapy. Of those, 6 progressed and 17 achieved complete remission. Of the non-responders, 5 showed [+] and 1 showed [++] staining. Six of the responders showed [+], 10 had [++] and 1 showed no staining. No association was found between MT staining and chemo-sensitivity (p = 0.53). CONCLUSIONS: MT expression in primary @entity4 did not differ between responding and non-responding @entity0 and therefore may not be useful in predicting response to chemotherapy.

title: Association of metallothionein expression and clinical response to @entity3 based chemotherapy in testicular XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 is an example for a @entity0 with an extremely tight interaction of @entity0 cells with cells from the @entity0 micro-environment. These so-called bystander cells are not inert but interact actively with the @entity0 cells. Some of these cells support @entity0 growth by delivery of co-stimulating and anti-apoptotic signals ("helper cells"). Other cells ("killer cells") are involved in the anti- @entity0 immune response which is obviously not efficient enough for @entity0 elimination. The activity of both helper cells and killer cells is regulated by additional cells in the stroma ("regulatory cells"). The dynamic behavior of such multi-component systems is difficult to predict. In the present paper we propose a model that can be used for simulation of essential features of this system. In this model, @entity0 growth depends on (i) presence of few @entity0 stem cells, (ii) co-stimulation of @entity0 cells by the @entity0 stroma, (iii) activity of regulatory cells that suppress killer cells without suppression of helper cells. The success of cytotoxic/cytostatic therapy in this model varies depending on the therapy-related @entity1 for each of the cell populations. The model also allows the analysis of immunotherapeutic interventions. Under certain conditions, paradox enhancement of @entity0 growth can occur after therapeutic intervention. The model might be useful for the design of new treatment strategies for @entity2 and other @entity0 with prominent @entity0 -stroma interaction.

title: A Multi-Component Model of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 (CI-2), a @entity2 proteinase inhibitor from @entity4 seeds, has been crystallized and its three-dimensional structure determined at 2.0-A resolution by the molecular replacement method. The structure has been refined by restrained-parameter least-squares methods to a crystallographic R factor (= sigma parallel Fo magnitude of-Fo parallel/sigma magnitude of Fo) o of 0.198. CI-2 is a member of the @entity1 inhibitor 1 family. It lacks the characteristic stabilizing @entity3 bonds of most other members of @entity2 proteinase inhibitor families. The body of CI-2 shows few conformational changes between the free inhibitor and the previously reported structure of CI-2 in complex with subtilisin Novo [McPhalen, C.A., Svendsen, I., Jonassen, I., _ James, M.N.G. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 7242-7246]. However, the reactive site loop has some significant conformational differences between the free inhibitor and its complexed form. The residues in this segment of polypeptide exhibit relatively large thermal motion parameters and some disorder in the uncomplexed form of the inhibitor. The reactive site bond is between Met-59I and @entity0 -60I in the consecutive sequential numbering of CI-2 (Met-60- @entity0 -61 according to the alignment of Svendsen et al. [Svendsen, I., Hejgaard, J., _ Chavan, J.K. (1984) Carlsberg Res. Commun. 49, 493-502]). The network of @entity5 bonds and electrostatic interactions stabilizing the conformation of the reactive site loop is much less extensive in the free than in the complexed inhibitor.

title: Crystal and molecular structure of the @entity2 proteinase inhibitor CI-2 from XXXX seeds.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 (CI-2), a @entity2 proteinase inhibitor from @entity4 seeds, has been crystallized and its three-dimensional structure determined at 2.0-A resolution by the molecular replacement method. The structure has been refined by restrained-parameter least-squares methods to a crystallographic R factor (= sigma parallel Fo magnitude of-Fo parallel/sigma magnitude of Fo) o of 0.198. CI-2 is a member of the @entity1 inhibitor 1 family. It lacks the characteristic stabilizing @entity3 bonds of most other members of @entity2 proteinase inhibitor families. The body of CI-2 shows few conformational changes between the free inhibitor and the previously reported structure of CI-2 in complex with subtilisin Novo [McPhalen, C.A., Svendsen, I., Jonassen, I., _ James, M.N.G. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 7242-7246]. However, the reactive site loop has some significant conformational differences between the free inhibitor and its complexed form. The residues in this segment of polypeptide exhibit relatively large thermal motion parameters and some disorder in the uncomplexed form of the inhibitor. The reactive site bond is between Met-59I and @entity0 -60I in the consecutive sequential numbering of CI-2 (Met-60- @entity0 -61 according to the alignment of Svendsen et al. [Svendsen, I., Hejgaard, J., _ Chavan, J.K. (1984) Carlsberg Res. Commun. 49, 493-502]). The network of @entity5 bonds and electrostatic interactions stabilizing the conformation of the reactive site loop is much less extensive in the free than in the complexed inhibitor.

title: Crystal and molecular structure of the XXXX proteinase inhibitor CI-2 from @entity4 seeds.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The JAK2V617F mutation is present in the majority of @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). The impact of this mutation on disease phenotype in @entity8 and @entity7 is still a matter of discussion. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in clinical presentation and disease outcome between @entity8 and @entity7 @entity0 with and without the JAK2V617F mutation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this single-center study, a total of 184 consecutive Philadelphia-negative chronic @entity1 , 107 cases of @entity8 and 77 cases of @entity7 , were genotyped for JAK2V617F mutation using the @entity6 Ipsogen MutaScreen assay, which involves allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity8 @entity0 positive for JAK2V617F mutation had higher hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels, lower platelet counts, and more prevalent @entity3 at diagnosis compared to @entity0 negative for the JAK2V617F mutation, but rates of major @entity4 events, arterial @entity4 , and @entity2 were comparable between the groups. At presentation, @entity7 @entity0 with JAK2V617F mutation had significantly higher Hb and Hct levels and leukocyte counts than @entity0 without the mutation. Similar to the findings of @entity8 @entity0 , @entity5 rates were similar in @entity7 @entity0 with and without theJAK2V617F mutation. For @entity8 and @entity7 @entity0 , no difference was observed in rates of death with respect to JAK2V617F mutational status. Moreover, leukemic transformation rate was not different in our @entity7 @entity0 with and without @entity6 V617F mutation. CONCLUSION: We conclude that JAK2V617F-mutated @entity8 @entity0 express a @entity9 vera-like phenotype and JAK2V617F mutation in @entity7 @entity0 is associated with a more pronounced myeloproliferative phenotype.

title: Impact of JAK2V617F Mutational Status on Phenotypic Features in @entity8 and Primary XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The JAK2V617F mutation is present in the majority of @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). The impact of this mutation on disease phenotype in @entity8 and @entity7 is still a matter of discussion. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in clinical presentation and disease outcome between @entity8 and @entity7 @entity0 with and without the JAK2V617F mutation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this single-center study, a total of 184 consecutive Philadelphia-negative chronic @entity1 , 107 cases of @entity8 and 77 cases of @entity7 , were genotyped for JAK2V617F mutation using the @entity6 Ipsogen MutaScreen assay, which involves allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity8 @entity0 positive for JAK2V617F mutation had higher hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) levels, lower platelet counts, and more prevalent @entity3 at diagnosis compared to @entity0 negative for the JAK2V617F mutation, but rates of major @entity4 events, arterial @entity4 , and @entity2 were comparable between the groups. At presentation, @entity7 @entity0 with JAK2V617F mutation had significantly higher Hb and Hct levels and leukocyte counts than @entity0 without the mutation. Similar to the findings of @entity8 @entity0 , @entity5 rates were similar in @entity7 @entity0 with and without theJAK2V617F mutation. For @entity8 and @entity7 @entity0 , no difference was observed in rates of death with respect to JAK2V617F mutational status. Moreover, leukemic transformation rate was not different in our @entity7 @entity0 with and without @entity6 V617F mutation. CONCLUSION: We conclude that JAK2V617F-mutated @entity8 @entity0 express a @entity9 vera-like phenotype and JAK2V617F mutation in @entity7 @entity0 is associated with a more pronounced myeloproliferative phenotype.

title: Impact of JAK2V617F Mutational Status on Phenotypic Features in XXXX and Primary @entity7 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The effect of intra-aortic counterpulsation (IACP, 22-94 hr) on hemodynamics and cardiac energetics was evaluated in 10 @entity0 in @entity6 after @entity4 . The data clearly indicate that IACP improves myocardial oxygenation, enhances peripheral perfusion, and probably improves myocardial contractility in the severely diseased heart. Before treatment, decreases in cardiac index (mean value, 1.22 liter/min per m(2)), systolic ejection rate (67 ml/sec), and time-tension index per minute (1280 mm Hg.sec/min) were observed. Systemic vascular resistance varied widely. Low coronary blood flow (68 ml/min per 100 g) was associated with increased myocardial @entity1 extraction (79%), low coronary sinus @entity1 tension (20 mm Hg), and abnormal myocardial @entity5 - @entity7 metabolism. During 4-6 hr of IACP, systolic pressure and left ventricular outflow resistance decreased by 18% and 24%, respectively, while cardiac index improved by 38%. Diastolic arterial pressure rose 98%. Increase in coronary blood flow from an average of 68 to 91 ml/100 g per min (P < 0.001) was significantly correlated with rise in mean arterial pressure (r = 0.685). This correlation was best expressed in a third-order curve, which intercepts the point of no flow at a mean aortic pressure of 30 mm Hg. The flow-pressure curve is relatively flat above 65-70 mm Hg, but becomes steeper as mean aortic pressure falls below this point. Myocardial @entity1 consumption remained essentially unchanged during early IACP and tended to rise during the later stages. However, the relationship of cardiac work performed to @entity1 availability was markedly improved. Myocardial lactate production of 6% shifted to 15% extraction (P < 0.001). After termination of IACP, hemodynamics and myocardial perfusion and metabolism remained improved in the four @entity0 who could be reevaluated. Although the acute @entity6 state was reversed in all @entity0 , only one left the hospital. Extensive @entity2 limits the long-term survival of such @entity0 . Therefore early IACP seems desirable, when subtle evidence of pump failure after @entity4 occurs. Early use of IACP may prevent the development of severe @entity3 or may stabilize cardiac energetics in severe @entity6 facilitating subsequent surgical intervention.

title: The effects of intra-aortic counterpulsation on cardiac performance and metabolism in @entity6 associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effect of intra-aortic counterpulsation (IACP, 22-94 hr) on hemodynamics and cardiac energetics was evaluated in 10 @entity0 in @entity6 after @entity4 . The data clearly indicate that IACP improves myocardial oxygenation, enhances peripheral perfusion, and probably improves myocardial contractility in the severely diseased heart. Before treatment, decreases in cardiac index (mean value, 1.22 liter/min per m(2)), systolic ejection rate (67 ml/sec), and time-tension index per minute (1280 mm Hg.sec/min) were observed. Systemic vascular resistance varied widely. Low coronary blood flow (68 ml/min per 100 g) was associated with increased myocardial @entity1 extraction (79%), low coronary sinus @entity1 tension (20 mm Hg), and abnormal myocardial @entity5 - @entity7 metabolism. During 4-6 hr of IACP, systolic pressure and left ventricular outflow resistance decreased by 18% and 24%, respectively, while cardiac index improved by 38%. Diastolic arterial pressure rose 98%. Increase in coronary blood flow from an average of 68 to 91 ml/100 g per min (P < 0.001) was significantly correlated with rise in mean arterial pressure (r = 0.685). This correlation was best expressed in a third-order curve, which intercepts the point of no flow at a mean aortic pressure of 30 mm Hg. The flow-pressure curve is relatively flat above 65-70 mm Hg, but becomes steeper as mean aortic pressure falls below this point. Myocardial @entity1 consumption remained essentially unchanged during early IACP and tended to rise during the later stages. However, the relationship of cardiac work performed to @entity1 availability was markedly improved. Myocardial lactate production of 6% shifted to 15% extraction (P < 0.001). After termination of IACP, hemodynamics and myocardial perfusion and metabolism remained improved in the four @entity0 who could be reevaluated. Although the acute @entity6 state was reversed in all @entity0 , only one left the hospital. Extensive @entity2 limits the long-term survival of such @entity0 . Therefore early IACP seems desirable, when subtle evidence of pump failure after @entity4 occurs. Early use of IACP may prevent the development of severe @entity3 or may stabilize cardiac energetics in severe @entity6 facilitating subsequent surgical intervention.

title: The effects of intra-aortic counterpulsation on cardiac performance and metabolism in XXXX associated with @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: We studied the regional differences both of reactivity to various stimulants and of neurogenic responses elicited by transmural stimulation in the longitudinal and circular muscles of the truncal portal vein, mesenteric vein, splenic vein and gastric vein of the @entity3 portal tree. Strong spontaneous activity appeared in the longitudinal muscle of the truncal portal vein (96% of preparations tested). Weak spontaneous activity sometimes appeared in the circular muscle of the truncal portal vein (41%) and rarely in the longitudinal muscle of the mesenteric vein (12%). It did not appear in other segments. The splenic vein and the gastric vein showed similar patterns in the relationship between resting tension and response to @entity5 ; that is, the responsiveness of either longitudinal or circular muscle of these two veins increased and then decreased almost parallel as resting tension increased and reached a maximum under the same resting tension. The longitudinal muscle of both the truncal portal vein and the mesenteric vein was more responsive to @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity8 than the circular muscle; for example 2.02 and 1.44 times more responsive to @entity5 , respectively. On the other hand, the longitudinal muscle of the splenic vein and the gastric vein responded less well than the circular muscle; for example 0.36 and 0.16 times as responsive to @entity5 , respectively. @entity4 and @entity2 caused marked contractions which were comparable to those elicited by @entity5 in the longitudinal muscle of the truncal portal vein. @entity4 also elicited similar contractions in the longitudinal muscle of the mesenteric vein but the responses induced in preparations of other segments were small. 6 The longitudinal muscle of the truncal portal vein responded well even to low-frequency stimulation of 2 Hz, while the circular muscles of the truncal portal and splenic veins gave marked responses only to high-frequency stimulation of 10 or 20 Hz or more. These contractile responses were attenuated by @entity9 (10-6 M) or @entity7 (10-6 M). The longitudinal muscle of the splenic vein showed no significant response to stimuli of any frequency. 7 It seems that the portal tree receives not only adrenergic but also cholinergic innervation. In addition, the longitudinal muscle of the truncal portal vein may receive non-adrenergic, noncholinergic innervation as well. 8 The longitudinal muscle of the portal vein may be crucial to venous return in assisting movement of the blood it contains. If this is the case in @entity0 , then the regional differences in the portal tree demonstrated in this study may explain why varicose changes during portal @entity1 occur preferentially in the oesophagogastric region and rarely in other regions, as @entity6 may occur more readily in the regions of the gastric and splenic veins where the longitudinal muscle is not very active.

title: Regional differences of reactivity to stimulants in the XXXX portal tree.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 and @entity2 impose a substantial burden of disease. This narrative review focuses on potential population-wide interventions that are likely to have an impact on these diseases. The developmental origins of adult disease commence in utero, with maternal nutrition being of particular interest. However, to date, trials of maternal allergen avoidance, dietary supplementation or probiotics have not shown consistent protective effects against @entity2 . Poor indoor air quality, especially from biomass fuels as well as second-hand @entity1 smoke, is a well-recognised risk factor for chronic @entity4 . This can be modified by cleaner fuels, cooking stoves or heaters, and improved ventilation. Although allergens are a risk factor for childhood @entity2 , the results of interventions to reduce exposures have been disappointing. Traffic-related air pollution is associated with an increased incidence of @entity2 in @entity0 . Primary prevention of the adverse effects of air pollution has focused on the development of ambient air quality guidelines, but enforcement remains a challenge in many countries. @entity5 may be induced by sensitisers or irritants in the workplace. Prevention involves eliminating the agent or reducing exposure as far as possible, which is more effective than respiratory protective equipment. Smoking cessation remains a key proven preventive strategy for chronic @entity4 . There is now an international framework for @entity1 control, and recent innovations include plain packaging of @entity1 . Chronic @entity4 can be substantially prevented by the above population-wide interventions.

title: Population-wide preventive interventions for reducing the burden of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to examine the possibility of Carthami-Semen (CS, Safflower seed) acupuncture point injection as a new promising treatment for @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: A total of 40 subjects with @entity1 were recruited and randomised to a CS acupuncture point injection group or a @entity2 ( @entity2 ) acupuncture point injection group. Acupuncture point injections were applied twice a week during 4 weeks to the bilateral Fengchi (GB20), Jianjing (GB21) and Taiyang (EX-HN5) acupoints with CS extract or @entity2 . OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was @entity0 -related quality of life (QoL), assessed using the @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Secondary outcome measures were the changes in the number of @entity0 -free days and health status as assessed with the Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36). RESULTS: @entity0 scores decreased by 14.9 points in the CS acupuncture point injection group compared with 7.9 points in the @entity2 acupuncture point injection group (p=0.013). @entity0 -free days increased by 32.6% in the CS acupuncture point injection group compared with 17.4% in the @entity2 acupuncture point injection group (p=0.045). There were significant increases in SF-36 scores compared with baseline in both groups, but the mean improvement was greater in the CS acupuncture point injection group. No serious adverse events (AEs) were reported. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the CS acupuncture point injection could be a new safe and promising treatment for @entity1 . A larger and long-term follow-up trial is needed to determine more definitely the efficacy of CS acupuncture point injection and to elucidate how long the effect lasts.

title: Carthami-Semen acupuncture point injection for XXXX : a pilot, randomised, double-blind, controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol integrates a number of perioperative interventions and techniques, aiming at decreasing the morbidity rate and the length of postoperative hospital stay after surgery. Although it has become a standard perioperative management for colorectal surgery, the feasibility of the ERAS protocol for gastric surgery remains unclear. METHODS: This single-center, prospective phase II study included @entity0 with @entity3 undergoing curative gastrectomy. The primary end point was the incidence of @entity2 . The secondary end points were the incidence of @entity4 , the incidence of @entity1 , the proportion of @entity0 starting oral feeding at postoperative day 2, the completion rate of the ERAS protocol, the length of postoperative hospital stay, the readmission rate within 30  days after discharge, and the mortality rate. RESULTS: From September 2013 to September 2014, 121 eligible @entity0 were enrolled in this study. The incidence of @entity2 was 10.7  % (90  % confidence interval, 6.47-16.54  %). @entity4 and @entity1 was observed in one and zero @entity0 , respectively. The median length of postoperative hospital stay was 8  days, and the completion rate of the ERAS protocol was 85.1  %. The readmission rate and the mortality rate were 0  %. CONCLUSIONS: The ERAS protocol can be safely used in @entity0 undergoing @entity3 surgery. The superiority of the ERAS protocol over non-ERAS perioperative management should be clarified.

title: A phase II study of an enhanced recovery after surgery protocol in XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Uncertainty exists about the long-term safety and efficacy outcomes of @entity8 -eluting stents (SESs) in unselected @entity0 . The present study was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the SES in treatment of @entity0 with @entity5 in an unselected population. Over a 2-year period, 1,504 consecutive @entity0 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with >= 1 SES were enrolled. The primary end point was the occurrence of @entity3 (TVF; a composite of @entity4 , @entity6 , or clinically driven target vessel revascularization). An independent clinical event committee adjudicated all adverse events up to 2-year follow-up. Dual antiplatelet therapy was recommended for >= 1 year throughout the study period. Mean age was 65    11 years; 75% were @entity0 , and 34% were @entity1 . SESs were implanted for off-label indications in 86% of cases. TVF rates were 3.3%, 6.9%, 11.5%, and 15.5% at 30-day, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year follow-ups, respectively. The 2-year cumulative rate of definite/probable stent @entity7 was 0.9%; 0.2% was very late @entity7 , occurring from 1 year to 2 years. @entity0 off dual antiplatelet therapy at 6 months had a significantly increased rate of subsequent death from noncardiac causes. @entity0 off dual antiplatelet therapy at 1 year had a significantly decreased rate of subsequent clinically driven @entity2 revascularization. In conclusion, use of SESs in unselected @entity0 with @entity5 was associated with a low TVF rate at 2 years with an acceptable incidence of stent @entity7 .

title: Two-year safety and effectiveness of XXXX -eluting stents (from a prospective registry).

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that portal-systemic shunts be avoided in alcoholic cirrhotics because survival rate is allegedly lower in alcoholics than in nonalcoholics. We examined this issue in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Two hundred eleven unselected, consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity3 esophageal varices were randomized to endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) (n = 106) or emergency portacaval shunt (EPCS) (105). Treatment was initiated within 8 h. EST failure was treated by rescue portacaval shunt (PCS). Ten-year follow-up was 96%. RESULTS: Results strongly favored EPCS over EST (P  < 0.001). Among EPCS @entity0 , 83% were alcoholic and 17% nonalcoholic. Outcomes were (1) permanent control of @entity3 100% versus 100%; (2) 5-y survival 71% versus 78%; (3) @entity1 14% versus 19%; (4) yearly charges  38,300 versus  43,000. CONCLUSIONS: EPCS results were similar in alcoholic and nonalcoholic cirrhotics. EPCS is an effective first line emergency treatment in all forms of @entity2 , including alcoholic.

title: Alcoholic versus nonalcoholic XXXX in a randomized controlled trial of emergency therapy of @entity3 varices.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been proposed that portal-systemic shunts be avoided in alcoholic cirrhotics because survival rate is allegedly lower in alcoholics than in nonalcoholics. We examined this issue in a randomized controlled trial. METHODS: Two hundred eleven unselected, consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity3 esophageal varices were randomized to endoscopic sclerotherapy (EST) (n = 106) or emergency portacaval shunt (EPCS) (105). Treatment was initiated within 8 h. EST failure was treated by rescue portacaval shunt (PCS). Ten-year follow-up was 96%. RESULTS: Results strongly favored EPCS over EST (P  < 0.001). Among EPCS @entity0 , 83% were alcoholic and 17% nonalcoholic. Outcomes were (1) permanent control of @entity3 100% versus 100%; (2) 5-y survival 71% versus 78%; (3) @entity1 14% versus 19%; (4) yearly charges  38,300 versus  43,000. CONCLUSIONS: EPCS results were similar in alcoholic and nonalcoholic cirrhotics. EPCS is an effective first line emergency treatment in all forms of @entity2 , including alcoholic.

title: Alcoholic versus nonalcoholic @entity2 in a randomized controlled trial of emergency therapy of XXXX varices.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this review, we discuss the way that insights from evolutionary theory and systems biology shed light on form and function in @entity0 reproductive systems. In the first part of the review, we contrast the rapid evolution seen in some reproductive genes with the generally conservative nature of development. We discuss directional selection and coevolution as potential drivers of rapid evolution in sperm and egg proteins. Such rapid change is very different from the highly conservative nature of later embryo development. However, it is not unique, as some regions of the sex chromosomes also show elevated rates of evolutionary change. To explain these contradictory trends, we argue that it is not reproductive functions per se that induce rapid evolution. Rather, it is the fact that biotic interactions, such as speciation events and sexual conflict, have no evolutionary endpoint and hence can drive continuous evolutionary changes. Returning to the question of sex chromosome evolution, we discuss the way that recent advances in evolutionary genomics and systems biology and, in particular, the development of a theory of gene balance provide a better understanding of the evolutionary patterns seen on these chromosomes. We end the review with a discussion of a surprising and incompletely understood phenomenon observed in early embryos: namely the Warburg effect, whereby @entity3 is fermented to @entity5 and @entity6 rather than respired to @entity4 . We argue that evolutionary insights, from both @entity2 and @entity1 cells, help to explain the Warburg effect, and that new metabolic modeling approaches are useful in assessing the potential sources of the effect.

title: Some assembly required: evolutionary and systems perspectives on the XXXX reproductive system.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the role of sonography in assessing @entity1 compared with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: A randomized prospective study was performed on 40 cases of @entity1 . Magnetic resonance imaging and sonography of the tongue were performed, @entity1 spreading to particular sites was recorded in all cases. Sonographic and @entity3 findings were correlated with histopathologic findings in 18 operable cases. In 22 inoperable cases, sonography was compared only with @entity3 . RESULTS: In operable @entity0 , sonography achieved sensitivity of 61.1%, whereas @entity3 achieved sensitivity of 94.4%. The difference was statistically significant (P < .05). The results for detection of individual site involvement on sonography and @entity3 were as follows: intrinsic muscles only, 0 and 6, respectively; tongue base, 5 and 5; genioglossus muscle, 34 and 34; mylohyoid muscle, 9 and 8; sublingual space, 12 and 14; sublingual neurovascular bundle, 12 and 12; submandibular gland, 3 and 3; spread across the lingual septum, 17 and 17; and @entity2 , 0 and 1. There was no significant difference (P > .05) between sonography and @entity3 in detecting involvement of the above-mentioned sites except for cases with only intrinsic muscles and @entity2 . @entity1 involving intrinsic tongue muscles only were not visualized on sonography. They all underwent surgery, resulting in reduced sensitivity of sonography in operable cases. CONCLUSIONS: Even though small @entity1 were difficult to visualize, sonography can play an important role in assessment of @entity1 extension in large growths, especially when @entity3 is unavailable, contraindicated, or unaffordable, and for posttreatment follow-up.

title: Evaluation of XXXX Using High-Resolution Sonography: Comparison With Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the results of end-to-side nerve transfer of the superficial radial nerve into the median nerve for restoration of sensation and @entity2 relief at the dorsal radial aspect of the hand in C5 and C6 root @entity1 . METHODS: Eight @entity0 with a mean age of 32 years, with @entity3 and @entity2 at the dorsal radial aspect of the hand due to upper @entity4 , had end-to-side nerve transfer of the superficial radial nerve into the ulnovolar part of the median nerve. Five @entity0 had S0 and 3 @entity0 had S1 sensory evaluation at the dorsal radial aspect of the affected hand. We evaluated @entity0 for @entity2 using a visual analog scale. We assessed sensory recovery with the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test and British Medical Research Score, respectively. The follow-up period ranged from 24 to 36 months (average, 28 mo). RESULTS: Six @entity0 had S2 and 2 @entity0 had S3. All @entity0 perceived at least one number lower of the Semmes-Weinstein filament in the dorsal radial aspect of the affected hand compared with the preoperative status. The best result was perception of the 3.61 filament in 2 @entity0 . No downgrading of the donor nerve was observed after surgery. All @entity0 had relief of @entity2 2 weeks after surgery, and the @entity2 decreased dramatically at the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: This method is a reliable, effective, and simple procedure. We recommend this sensory nerve transfer as an additional procedure to the combined motor nerve transfers to relieve @entity2 and restore sensation in the dorsal radial aspect of the hand in @entity0 who have C5 and C6 root @entity1 . TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

title: End-to-side radial sensory to median nerve transfer to restore sensation and relieve XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We used meta-analysis to synthesize current evidence regarding the effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) on road traffic accidents in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) as well as on their performance in driving simulator. The primary outcomes were real accidents, near miss accidents, and accident-related events in the driving simulator. Pooled odds ratios (ORs), incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) were appropriately calculated through fixed or random effects models after assessing between-study heterogeneity. Furthermore, risk differences (RDs) and numbers needed to treat (NNTs) were estimated for real and near miss accidents. Meta-regression analysis was performed to examine the effect of moderator variables and publication bias was also evaluated. Ten studies on real accidents (1221 @entity0 ), five studies on near miss accidents (769 @entity0 ) and six studies on the performance in driving simulator (110 @entity0 ) were included. A statistically significant reduction in real accidents (OR=0.21, 95% CI=0.12-0.35, random effects model; IRR=0.45, 95% CI=0.34-0.59, fixed effects model) and near miss accidents (OR=0.09, 95% CI=0.04-0.21, random effects model; IRR=0.23, 95% CI=0.08-0.67, random effects model) was observed. Likewise, a significant reduction in accident-related events was observed in the driving simulator ( @entity2 =-1.20, 95% CI=-1.75 to -0.64, random effects). The RD for real accidents was -0.22 (95% CI=-0.32 to -0.13, random effects), with NNT equal to five @entity0 (95% CI=3-8), whereas for near miss accidents the RD was -0.47 (95% CI=-0.69 to -0.25, random effects), with NNT equal to two @entity0 (95% CI=1-4). For near miss accidents, meta-regression analysis suggested that nCPAP seemed more effective among @entity0 entering the studies with higher baseline accident rates. In conclusion, all three meta-analyses demonstrated a sizeable protective effect of nCPAP on road traffic accidents, both in real life and virtual environment.

title: Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) treatment for XXXX , road traffic accidents and driving simulator performance: a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a recalcitrant @entity2 . @entity3 models of this disease could be used for discovery of more effective therapy for @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing @entity0 @entity4 @entity6 cell line was established with a lentiviral expression system. Subsequently, @entity3 were injected subcutaneously, intracardiac or intravenously, or orthotopically implanted with @entity6 -GFP cells. @entity2 growth and @entity1 were examined by fluorescence in vivo imaging or by open fluorescence imaging after autopsy. RESULTS: Four different @entity3 xenograft models of @entity5 expressing GFP were established. In the subcutaneous model, @entity2 growth was monitored in real-time by whole-body fluorescence imaging. No @entity1 was observed in the subcutaneous or surgical orthotopic implantation model. By 55 days after implantation, all @entity3 had developed @entity4 , but without detectable @entity1 . In contrast, experimental @entity1 occurred in the intracardiac and intravenous models. In the intravenous injection model, the lung was the sole organ of experimental @entity1 . In the intracardiac model, extensive experimental @entity1 occurred in the bone, brain and lung. CONCLUSION: The @entity3 xenograft models of @entity5 developed in the present study can provide a means of discovering more effective therapy of this recalcitrant type of @entity2 .

title: Comparison of GFP-Expressing Imageable @entity3 Models of @entity0 XXXX Established in Various Anatomical Sites.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a recalcitrant @entity2 . @entity3 models of this disease could be used for discovery of more effective therapy for @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing @entity0 @entity4 @entity6 cell line was established with a lentiviral expression system. Subsequently, @entity3 were injected subcutaneously, intracardiac or intravenously, or orthotopically implanted with @entity6 -GFP cells. @entity2 growth and @entity1 were examined by fluorescence in vivo imaging or by open fluorescence imaging after autopsy. RESULTS: Four different @entity3 xenograft models of @entity5 expressing GFP were established. In the subcutaneous model, @entity2 growth was monitored in real-time by whole-body fluorescence imaging. No @entity1 was observed in the subcutaneous or surgical orthotopic implantation model. By 55 days after implantation, all @entity3 had developed @entity4 , but without detectable @entity1 . In contrast, experimental @entity1 occurred in the intracardiac and intravenous models. In the intravenous injection model, the lung was the sole organ of experimental @entity1 . In the intracardiac model, extensive experimental @entity1 occurred in the bone, brain and lung. CONCLUSION: The @entity3 xenograft models of @entity5 developed in the present study can provide a means of discovering more effective therapy of this recalcitrant type of @entity2 .

title: Comparison of GFP-Expressing Imageable XXXX Models of @entity0 @entity5 Established in Various Anatomical Sites.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a recalcitrant @entity2 . @entity3 models of this disease could be used for discovery of more effective therapy for @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing @entity0 @entity4 @entity6 cell line was established with a lentiviral expression system. Subsequently, @entity3 were injected subcutaneously, intracardiac or intravenously, or orthotopically implanted with @entity6 -GFP cells. @entity2 growth and @entity1 were examined by fluorescence in vivo imaging or by open fluorescence imaging after autopsy. RESULTS: Four different @entity3 xenograft models of @entity5 expressing GFP were established. In the subcutaneous model, @entity2 growth was monitored in real-time by whole-body fluorescence imaging. No @entity1 was observed in the subcutaneous or surgical orthotopic implantation model. By 55 days after implantation, all @entity3 had developed @entity4 , but without detectable @entity1 . In contrast, experimental @entity1 occurred in the intracardiac and intravenous models. In the intravenous injection model, the lung was the sole organ of experimental @entity1 . In the intracardiac model, extensive experimental @entity1 occurred in the bone, brain and lung. CONCLUSION: The @entity3 xenograft models of @entity5 developed in the present study can provide a means of discovering more effective therapy of this recalcitrant type of @entity2 .

title: Comparison of GFP-Expressing Imageable @entity3 Models of XXXX @entity5 Established in Various Anatomical Sites.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Optimal @entity0 selection for lower extremity revascularization remains a clinical challenge among the @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The purpose of this study was to examine contemporary real world open and endovascular outcomes of @entity6 @entity0 to better facilitate @entity0 selection for intervention. METHODS: A regional multicenter registry was queried between 2003 and 2013 for @entity6 @entity0 (N  = 689) undergoing open surgical bypass (n  = 295) or endovascular intervention (n  = 394) for lower extremity revascularization. @entity0 demographics and comorbidities were recorded. The primary outcome was overall survival. Secondary outcomes included graft patency, freedom from major adverse limb events, and amputation-free survival (AFS). Multivariate analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for @entity3 and amputation. RESULTS: Among the 689 @entity6 @entity0 undergoing lower extremity revascularization, 66% were male, and 83% were white. Ninety percent of revascularizations were performed for @entity1 and 8% for @entity5 . Overall survival at 1, 2, and 5  years survival remained low at 60%, 43%, and 21%, respectively. Overall 1- and 2-year AFS was 40% and 17%. Mortality accounted for the primary mode of failure for both open bypass (78%) and endovascular interventions (80%) at two years. Survival, AFS, and freedom from major adverse limb event outcomes did not differ significantly between revascularization techniques. At 2  years, endovascular patency was higher than open bypass (76% vs 26%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28-0.71; P  = .02). Multivariate analysis identified age >= 80  years (hazard ratio [HR], 1.9; 95% CI,  1.4-2.5; P  < .01), indication of @entity2 or tissue loss (HR, 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3-2.6; P  < .01), preoperative wheelchair/bedridden status (HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.1-2.1; P  < .01), @entity4 (HR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2-1.9; P  < .01), and @entity7 (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.1-1.8; P  = .01) as independent predictors of @entity3 . The presence of three or more risk factors resulted in predicted 1-year mortality of 64%. CONCLUSIONS: Overall survival and AFS among @entity6 @entity0 remains poor, irrespective of revascularization strategy. Mortality remains the primary driver for these findings and justifies a prudent approach to @entity0 selection. Focus for improved results should emphasize predictors of survival to better identify those most likely to benefit from revascularization.

title: Outcomes of lower extremity revascularization among the XXXX .

answer: @entity6