abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuronal mechanisms underlying @entity4 such as @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are still poorly understood. By selectively breeding @entity1 for high (HR), intermediate (IR), or low (LR) reactivity of the @entity5 , we recently established a new genetic animal model of extremes in stress reactivity (SR). Studies characterizing this SR @entity1 model on the behavioral, endocrine, and neurobiological levels revealed several similarities with key endophenotypes observed in @entity3 @entity0 . HR @entity1 were shown to have changes in rhythmicity and sleep measures such as @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and non-REM sleep (NREMS) as well as in slow wave activity, indicative of reduced sleep efficacy and increased @entity6 . In the present study we were interested in how far a detailed spectral analysis of several electroencephalogram (EEG) parameters, including relevant frequency bands, could reveal further alterations of sleep architecture in this animal model. Eight adult males of each of the three breeding lines were equipped with epidural EEG and intramuscular electromyogram (EMG) electrodes. After recovery, EEG and EMG recordings were performed for two days. RESULTS: Differences in the amount of @entity6 and wakefulness and in the number of transitions between vigilance states were found in HR @entity1 , when compared with IR and LR animals. Increased frequencies of transitions from NREMS to @entity6 and from @entity6 to wakefulness in HR animals were robust across the light-dark cycle. Detailed statistical analyses of spectral EEG parameters showed that especially during NREMS the power of the theta (6-9 Hz), alpha (10-15 Hz) and eta (16-22.75 Hz) bands was significantly different between the three breeding lines. Well defined distributions of significant power differences could be assigned to different times during the light and the dark phase. Especially during NREMS, group differences were robust and could be continuously monitored across the light-dark cycle. CONCLUSIONS: The HR @entity1 , i.e. those animals that have a genetic predisposition to @entity5 in response to stressors, showed disturbed patterns in sleep architecture, similar to what is known from @entity3 @entity0 . Significant alterations in several frequency bands of the EEG, which also seem to at least partly mimic clinical observations, suggest the SR @entity1 lines as a promising animal model for basic research of mechanisms underlying @entity2 in @entity3 .

title: Sleep disturbances in highly stress reactive @entity1 : modeling endophenotypes of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuronal mechanisms underlying @entity4 such as @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are still poorly understood. By selectively breeding @entity1 for high (HR), intermediate (IR), or low (LR) reactivity of the @entity5 , we recently established a new genetic animal model of extremes in stress reactivity (SR). Studies characterizing this SR @entity1 model on the behavioral, endocrine, and neurobiological levels revealed several similarities with key endophenotypes observed in @entity3 @entity0 . HR @entity1 were shown to have changes in rhythmicity and sleep measures such as @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and non-REM sleep (NREMS) as well as in slow wave activity, indicative of reduced sleep efficacy and increased @entity6 . In the present study we were interested in how far a detailed spectral analysis of several electroencephalogram (EEG) parameters, including relevant frequency bands, could reveal further alterations of sleep architecture in this animal model. Eight adult males of each of the three breeding lines were equipped with epidural EEG and intramuscular electromyogram (EMG) electrodes. After recovery, EEG and EMG recordings were performed for two days. RESULTS: Differences in the amount of @entity6 and wakefulness and in the number of transitions between vigilance states were found in HR @entity1 , when compared with IR and LR animals. Increased frequencies of transitions from NREMS to @entity6 and from @entity6 to wakefulness in HR animals were robust across the light-dark cycle. Detailed statistical analyses of spectral EEG parameters showed that especially during NREMS the power of the theta (6-9 Hz), alpha (10-15 Hz) and eta (16-22.75 Hz) bands was significantly different between the three breeding lines. Well defined distributions of significant power differences could be assigned to different times during the light and the dark phase. Especially during NREMS, group differences were robust and could be continuously monitored across the light-dark cycle. CONCLUSIONS: The HR @entity1 , i.e. those animals that have a genetic predisposition to @entity5 in response to stressors, showed disturbed patterns in sleep architecture, similar to what is known from @entity3 @entity0 . Significant alterations in several frequency bands of the EEG, which also seem to at least partly mimic clinical observations, suggest the SR @entity1 lines as a promising animal model for basic research of mechanisms underlying @entity2 in @entity3 .

title: Sleep disturbances in highly stress reactive XXXX : modeling endophenotypes of @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) @entity7 and @entity8 have become a standard of care for @entity5 ( @entity5 ). This study assessed safety and treatment patterns for these agents in a real-world clinical practice setting in Italy. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review was performed at a tertiary oncology center in Italy. The study included MKI-na  ve non-trial @entity0 >= 18 years old, with a histological diagnosis of @entity5 , and who received @entity7 or @entity8 as first MKI during 9/2005-7/2008. Data were collected on adverse events (AEs), treatment modifications (discontinuations, interruptions, dose changes), and reasons for these modifications. RESULTS: 145 @entity0 were included; 85 received @entity7 and 60 received @entity8 as first-line MKI. Median treatment duration was 6.6 ( @entity7 ) and 5.8 ( @entity8 ) months. 97.6% and 70.0% of @entity0 receiving @entity7 and @entity8 , respectively, experienced >= 1 AE; 27.1% and 31.7% had >= 1 grade 3/4 AE. The most common any grade AE for @entity7 was @entity4 / @entity6 (81.2%), followed by @entity1 / @entity9 (58.8%) and @entity3 (42.4%), while for @entity8 this was @entity4 / @entity6 (43.3%) followed by @entity10 (38.3%) and @entity2 (31.7%). Treatment discontinuation, interruption, and dose reduction due to AEs occurred in 11.8%, 23.5%, and 30.6%, respectively, of @entity0 receiving @entity7 , and 5.0%, 23.3%, and 36.7%, respectively, of @entity0 receiving @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective study, most @entity0 experienced >= 1 AE during first-line MKI treatment. AEs were reported frequently and resulted in treatment modifications in 40% of @entity0 receiving @entity7 and 45% of @entity0 receiving @entity8 . These results suggest a need for additional effective and more tolerable treatments for @entity5 .

title: Safety and treatment patterns of multikinase inhibitors in @entity0 with XXXX at a tertiary oncology center in Italy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) @entity7 and @entity8 have become a standard of care for @entity5 ( @entity5 ). This study assessed safety and treatment patterns for these agents in a real-world clinical practice setting in Italy. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review was performed at a tertiary oncology center in Italy. The study included MKI-na  ve non-trial @entity0 >= 18 years old, with a histological diagnosis of @entity5 , and who received @entity7 or @entity8 as first MKI during 9/2005-7/2008. Data were collected on adverse events (AEs), treatment modifications (discontinuations, interruptions, dose changes), and reasons for these modifications. RESULTS: 145 @entity0 were included; 85 received @entity7 and 60 received @entity8 as first-line MKI. Median treatment duration was 6.6 ( @entity7 ) and 5.8 ( @entity8 ) months. 97.6% and 70.0% of @entity0 receiving @entity7 and @entity8 , respectively, experienced >= 1 AE; 27.1% and 31.7% had >= 1 grade 3/4 AE. The most common any grade AE for @entity7 was @entity4 / @entity6 (81.2%), followed by @entity1 / @entity9 (58.8%) and @entity3 (42.4%), while for @entity8 this was @entity4 / @entity6 (43.3%) followed by @entity10 (38.3%) and @entity2 (31.7%). Treatment discontinuation, interruption, and dose reduction due to AEs occurred in 11.8%, 23.5%, and 30.6%, respectively, of @entity0 receiving @entity7 , and 5.0%, 23.3%, and 36.7%, respectively, of @entity0 receiving @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective study, most @entity0 experienced >= 1 AE during first-line MKI treatment. AEs were reported frequently and resulted in treatment modifications in 40% of @entity0 receiving @entity7 and 45% of @entity0 receiving @entity8 . These results suggest a need for additional effective and more tolerable treatments for @entity5 .

title: Safety and treatment patterns of multikinase inhibitors in XXXX with @entity5 at a tertiary oncology center in Italy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 ( @entity1 ) are environmental pollutants ubiquitously distributed. They are generated by incomplete combustion of organic materials such as wood or fossil fuels. Due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic effects and to their wide distribution in the environment, these pollutants pose many concerns to researchers and regulators. In our laboratories we investigated the effect of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) exposure in the marine diatom @entity5 , which has become an important model organism in aquatic toxicology studies. RESULTS: In order to investigate the mechanism of action of @entity1 , we exposed the diatoms for 24 h to 36.45  g/L of @entity3 which inhibits the growth by about 30%, and analysed the relative protein expression profile by a quantitative proteomics approach based on iTRAQ labels. The proteomics profile analysis showed that around 10% of the identified proteins were regulated and one fourth of them confirmed the gene expression changes seen by DNA microarray. Particularly interesting was the down regulation of the @entity4 transporter 1 (SIT1), an enzyme that is responsible for the uptake of @entity4 from the media into the diatom cells. Regulation of SIT1 upon @entity3 treatment was also confirmed at the gene expression level. CONCLUSIONS: The potential use of the regulated proteins found in this study as early indicators of environmental exposure to @entity1 is discussed. In particular, SIT1 is considered a promising biomarker and SIT1 expression changes were confirmed also when the diatoms were exposed to field samples, e.g. marine surface sediments contaminated by @entity1 .

title: Proteomic analysis of the marine diatom XXXX upon exposure to @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 ( @entity1 ) are environmental pollutants ubiquitously distributed. They are generated by incomplete combustion of organic materials such as wood or fossil fuels. Due to their carcinogenic, mutagenic effects and to their wide distribution in the environment, these pollutants pose many concerns to researchers and regulators. In our laboratories we investigated the effect of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) exposure in the marine diatom @entity5 , which has become an important model organism in aquatic toxicology studies. RESULTS: In order to investigate the mechanism of action of @entity1 , we exposed the diatoms for 24 h to 36.45  g/L of @entity3 which inhibits the growth by about 30%, and analysed the relative protein expression profile by a quantitative proteomics approach based on iTRAQ labels. The proteomics profile analysis showed that around 10% of the identified proteins were regulated and one fourth of them confirmed the gene expression changes seen by DNA microarray. Particularly interesting was the down regulation of the @entity4 transporter 1 (SIT1), an enzyme that is responsible for the uptake of @entity4 from the media into the diatom cells. Regulation of SIT1 upon @entity3 treatment was also confirmed at the gene expression level. CONCLUSIONS: The potential use of the regulated proteins found in this study as early indicators of environmental exposure to @entity1 is discussed. In particular, SIT1 is considered a promising biomarker and SIT1 expression changes were confirmed also when the diatoms were exposed to field samples, e.g. marine surface sediments contaminated by @entity1 .

title: Proteomic analysis of the marine diatom @entity5 upon exposure to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate the outcome after ACL reconstruction between a group of @entity0 receiving a standardized, supervised, physiotherapy-guided rehabilitation programme and a group of @entity0 who followed an unsupervised, home-based rehabilitation programme. METHODS: Forty @entity0 with isolated anterior cruciate @entity1 were allocated to either a supervised physiotherapy intervention group or home-based exercise group. @entity0 were investigated by an independent examiner pre-operative, 3, 6, 9 and 12  months post-surgery using the following outcome measures: Lysholm Score and Tegner Activity Scale, functional hopping tests, and isometric and isokinetic strength assessments. RESULTS: Both groups improved significantly (P  =  0.01-0.04) following 12  months after surgery. The median Lysholm score increased from 57 (34-90) to 94 (90-100) in the supervised group and 60 (41-87) to 97 (95-100) in the unsupervised group. The median Tegner Activity Scale increased from 3 (2-8) to 6 (3-8) in the supervised group and 4 (2-8) to 5 (3-10) in the unsupervised group. The combined mean symmetry indices for the hopping tests improved from 77.3      18.7 to 86.8      11.1 (supervised) and from 78.1      30.5 to 88.3      10.9 (unsupervised). Isometric and isokinetic strength symmetry indices for knee extension improved from 68.9      23.5 to 82.8      11.9, respectively, 63.7  +  22.8 to 82.7  +  15.1 in the supervised group and from 73.6      20.5 to 76.5      17.9, respectively, 69.5      24.3 to 76.9      16.9 in the unsupervised group. Eccentric strength symmetry indices for knee extension improved from 67.9      27.7 to 87.8      6.8 in the supervised group and from 71.3      17.8 to 82.6      15.6 in the unsupervised group. CONCLUSION: This study could not demonstrate a benefit in a rehabilitation programme supervised by a physiotherapist in our population compared to an unsupervised cohort.

title: Physiotherapy-guided versus home-based, unsupervised rehabilitation in isolated anterior cruciate XXXX following surgical reconstruction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Macrophage death in advanced @entity4 leads to lesional @entity1 and likely promotes @entity5 , a precursor of acute vascular events. Macrophages in @entity6 accumulate large amounts of unesterified @entity3 , which is a potent inducer of macrophage apoptosis. We have shown recently that induction of apoptosis in cultured macrophages requires @entity3 trafficking to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Moreover, macrophages from @entity0 with a heterozygous mutation in the @entity3 -trafficking protein @entity9 have a selective defect in @entity3 trafficking to the ER and are protected from @entity3 -induced apoptosis. The goal of the present study was to test the importance of intracellular @entity3 trafficking in atherosclerotic lesional macrophage death by comparing lesion morphology in @entity9 +/+; @entity8 -/- and @entity9 +/-; @entity8 -/- @entity0 . Although @entity6 in @entity9 +/+; @entity8 -/- @entity0 had extensive acellular areas that were rich in unesterified @entity3 and macrophage debris, the lesions of @entity9 +/-; @entity8 -/- @entity0 were substantially more cellular and less @entity1 . Moreover, compared with @entity9 +/-; @entity8 -/- lesions, @entity9 +/+; @entity8 -/- lesions had a greater number of large, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated @entity7 nick end labeling)-positive areas surrounding @entity1 areas, indicative of macrophage apoptosis. These differences were observed despite similar total lesion area and similar plasma lipid levels in the two groups of @entity0 . These data provide in vivo evidence that intact intracellular @entity3 trafficking is important for macrophage apoptosis in advanced @entity4 and that the ER-based model of @entity3 -induced @entity2 is physiologically relevant. Moreover, by showing that lesional @entity1 can be diminished by a subtle defect in intracellular trafficking, these findings suggest therapeutic strategies to stabilize atherosclerotic plaques.

title: Niemann-Pick C heterozygosity confers resistance to lesional @entity1 and macrophage apoptosis in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Macrophage death in advanced @entity4 leads to lesional @entity1 and likely promotes @entity5 , a precursor of acute vascular events. Macrophages in @entity6 accumulate large amounts of unesterified @entity3 , which is a potent inducer of macrophage apoptosis. We have shown recently that induction of apoptosis in cultured macrophages requires @entity3 trafficking to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Moreover, macrophages from @entity0 with a heterozygous mutation in the @entity3 -trafficking protein @entity9 have a selective defect in @entity3 trafficking to the ER and are protected from @entity3 -induced apoptosis. The goal of the present study was to test the importance of intracellular @entity3 trafficking in atherosclerotic lesional macrophage death by comparing lesion morphology in @entity9 +/+; @entity8 -/- and @entity9 +/-; @entity8 -/- @entity0 . Although @entity6 in @entity9 +/+; @entity8 -/- @entity0 had extensive acellular areas that were rich in unesterified @entity3 and macrophage debris, the lesions of @entity9 +/-; @entity8 -/- @entity0 were substantially more cellular and less @entity1 . Moreover, compared with @entity9 +/-; @entity8 -/- lesions, @entity9 +/+; @entity8 -/- lesions had a greater number of large, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated @entity7 nick end labeling)-positive areas surrounding @entity1 areas, indicative of macrophage apoptosis. These differences were observed despite similar total lesion area and similar plasma lipid levels in the two groups of @entity0 . These data provide in vivo evidence that intact intracellular @entity3 trafficking is important for macrophage apoptosis in advanced @entity4 and that the ER-based model of @entity3 -induced @entity2 is physiologically relevant. Moreover, by showing that lesional @entity1 can be diminished by a subtle defect in intracellular trafficking, these findings suggest therapeutic strategies to stabilize atherosclerotic plaques.

title: Niemann-Pick C heterozygosity confers resistance to lesional XXXX and macrophage apoptosis in @entity0 @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Macrophage death in advanced @entity4 leads to lesional @entity1 and likely promotes @entity5 , a precursor of acute vascular events. Macrophages in @entity6 accumulate large amounts of unesterified @entity3 , which is a potent inducer of macrophage apoptosis. We have shown recently that induction of apoptosis in cultured macrophages requires @entity3 trafficking to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Moreover, macrophages from @entity0 with a heterozygous mutation in the @entity3 -trafficking protein @entity9 have a selective defect in @entity3 trafficking to the ER and are protected from @entity3 -induced apoptosis. The goal of the present study was to test the importance of intracellular @entity3 trafficking in atherosclerotic lesional macrophage death by comparing lesion morphology in @entity9 +/+; @entity8 -/- and @entity9 +/-; @entity8 -/- @entity0 . Although @entity6 in @entity9 +/+; @entity8 -/- @entity0 had extensive acellular areas that were rich in unesterified @entity3 and macrophage debris, the lesions of @entity9 +/-; @entity8 -/- @entity0 were substantially more cellular and less @entity1 . Moreover, compared with @entity9 +/-; @entity8 -/- lesions, @entity9 +/+; @entity8 -/- lesions had a greater number of large, TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated @entity7 nick end labeling)-positive areas surrounding @entity1 areas, indicative of macrophage apoptosis. These differences were observed despite similar total lesion area and similar plasma lipid levels in the two groups of @entity0 . These data provide in vivo evidence that intact intracellular @entity3 trafficking is important for macrophage apoptosis in advanced @entity4 and that the ER-based model of @entity3 -induced @entity2 is physiologically relevant. Moreover, by showing that lesional @entity1 can be diminished by a subtle defect in intracellular trafficking, these findings suggest therapeutic strategies to stabilize atherosclerotic plaques.

title: Niemann-Pick C heterozygosity confers resistance to lesional @entity1 and macrophage apoptosis in XXXX @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Strict glycemic control (SGC) is reported to have a beneficial effect on @entity2 / @entity0 (CINM) and the duration of mechanical ventilation. The methodology used to diagnose CINM differs substantially in studies on this topic. This may influence the reported treatment effect. We reviewed literature on the effect of SGC on CINM and duration of ventilation by conducting a OVID Medline systematic electronic search of literature describing effects of SGC on occurrence of CINM and the effect of SGC on the duration of mechanical ventilation. A beneficial effect of SGC on CINM, diagnosed by needle myography, was reported in three studies. One of these studies showed that the incidence of @entity3 or @entity1 to wean did not decrease by SGC, as the number of electrophysiological studies (EMG) ordered for these problems remained the same. Another study reported no improvement of muscle strength due to SGC. SGC reduced the duration of mechanical ventilation in three studies while six other studies did not report this beneficial effect. SGC seems to have a beneficial effect on CINM, but the reported risk reduction is likely to be an overestimation of the treatment effect due to the diagnostic methods used. Duration of mechanical ventilation may not be a reliable surrogate marker for CINM and a beneficial effect of SGC on this parameter has not been proven. We propose to use the recently developed diagnostic criteria for ICU-acquired @entity3 and @entity4 in future studies.

title: Is XXXX and duration of mechanical ventilation decreased by strict glucose control?

answer: @entity4


abstract: Thyroid nodules are a rare occurrence in @entity0 but represent an important clinical problem because of the possibility of @entity1 . We report the case of a 4-year-old @entity0 with @entity3 , who presented with a painless mass in the right anterior cervical region. Cervical ultrasound demonstrated a solid nodule (1.4 x 2.5 x 1.7 cm) in the right thyroid lobe. Thyroid function tests revealed @entity4 (free T4 1.0 ng/dl; TSH 57 mIU/l) with no detectable thyroid antibodies. A 99mTc thyroid scan showed a generalised slightly increased tracer retention (4.6%) with an enlarged right lobe, without distinct nodules. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy revealed normal follicular cells. The @entity0 was treated with @entity5 which resulted in a complete clinical and sonographical disappearance of the nodule. A CT scan of temporal bones revealed a bilaterally @entity7 with Mondini @entity2 . The combination of all these symptoms suggested the diagnosis of @entity8 ( @entity8 ), a disorder characterised by congenital @entity3 and a variable degree of thyromegaly due to mutations in the @entity6 /PDSgene. DNA analysis disclosed a so far unreported homozygous splice site mutation ( @entity9 ) in intron 8 of the @entity6 gene confirming this diagnosis. CONCLUSION: a solitary thyroid nodule may therefore be another presenting symptom of thyroid involvement in @entity8

title: Solitary thyroid nodule as presenting symptom of XXXX caused by a novel splice-site mutation in intron 8 of the @entity6 gene.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Thyroid nodules are a rare occurrence in @entity0 but represent an important clinical problem because of the possibility of @entity1 . We report the case of a 4-year-old @entity0 with @entity3 , who presented with a painless mass in the right anterior cervical region. Cervical ultrasound demonstrated a solid nodule (1.4 x 2.5 x 1.7 cm) in the right thyroid lobe. Thyroid function tests revealed @entity4 (free T4 1.0 ng/dl; TSH 57 mIU/l) with no detectable thyroid antibodies. A 99mTc thyroid scan showed a generalised slightly increased tracer retention (4.6%) with an enlarged right lobe, without distinct nodules. A fine-needle aspiration biopsy revealed normal follicular cells. The @entity0 was treated with @entity5 which resulted in a complete clinical and sonographical disappearance of the nodule. A CT scan of temporal bones revealed a bilaterally @entity7 with Mondini @entity2 . The combination of all these symptoms suggested the diagnosis of @entity8 ( @entity8 ), a disorder characterised by congenital @entity3 and a variable degree of thyromegaly due to mutations in the @entity6 /PDSgene. DNA analysis disclosed a so far unreported homozygous splice site mutation ( @entity9 ) in intron 8 of the @entity6 gene confirming this diagnosis. CONCLUSION: a solitary thyroid nodule may therefore be another presenting symptom of thyroid involvement in @entity8

title: Solitary thyroid nodule as presenting symptom of @entity8 caused by a novel splice-site mutation in intron 8 of the XXXX gene.

answer: @entity6


abstract: In this randomized double-blind crossover trial we compared the antiproteinuric effects of @entity6 and @entity7 in six @entity0 with @entity2 and underlying @entity1 . The primary endpoint was reduction in @entity2 during therapy. The study had two 8-week on-drug arms, with a 4-week washout period between. Baseline @entity2 was similar, @entity6 87 mg/m(2) per hour and @entity7 77 mg/m(2) per hour. The mean reduction in @entity2 with @entity6 was 48% (37%-57%) with a standard error of the mean of 3%; with @entity7 it was 31% (14%-52%) with a standard error of the mean of 7%. Although there was a significant reduction in @entity2 with the use of both drugs, the difference in reduction of @entity2 , 48% versus 31%, was not considered clinically significant. @entity3 remained below 4.5 mmol/l in all @entity0 . No @entity0 's @entity4 rose more than the standard deviation of our assay. Blood pressure (BP) control was acceptable in four of the six @entity0 ; two @entity0 had persistently elevated or increased BP on each drug. Side effects were minimal; none requiring withdrawal, one requiring dose reduction. Studies have shown that @entity5 inhibitors can reduce @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 . No studies to date have examined the reduction of @entity2 achieved by angiotensin receptor blockers. Our study, although small, suggests that angiotensin receptor blockers may reduce @entity2 as effectively, and as safely, as @entity5 inhibitors.

title: Antiproteinuric effects of XXXX and @entity7 : a pilot study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: In this randomized double-blind crossover trial we compared the antiproteinuric effects of @entity6 and @entity7 in six @entity0 with @entity2 and underlying @entity1 . The primary endpoint was reduction in @entity2 during therapy. The study had two 8-week on-drug arms, with a 4-week washout period between. Baseline @entity2 was similar, @entity6 87 mg/m(2) per hour and @entity7 77 mg/m(2) per hour. The mean reduction in @entity2 with @entity6 was 48% (37%-57%) with a standard error of the mean of 3%; with @entity7 it was 31% (14%-52%) with a standard error of the mean of 7%. Although there was a significant reduction in @entity2 with the use of both drugs, the difference in reduction of @entity2 , 48% versus 31%, was not considered clinically significant. @entity3 remained below 4.5 mmol/l in all @entity0 . No @entity0 's @entity4 rose more than the standard deviation of our assay. Blood pressure (BP) control was acceptable in four of the six @entity0 ; two @entity0 had persistently elevated or increased BP on each drug. Side effects were minimal; none requiring withdrawal, one requiring dose reduction. Studies have shown that @entity5 inhibitors can reduce @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 . No studies to date have examined the reduction of @entity2 achieved by angiotensin receptor blockers. Our study, although small, suggests that angiotensin receptor blockers may reduce @entity2 as effectively, and as safely, as @entity5 inhibitors.

title: Antiproteinuric effects of @entity6 and XXXX : a pilot study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) has been shown to promote the development of @entity1 @entity9 . @entity14 is 1 of the 4 @entity8 G-protein-coupled membrane receptors expressed by @entity1 keratinocytes. @entity14 mRNA levels were increased    2-fold after topical treatment with @entity5 ( @entity6 ) or exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, as well as increased    3- to 12-fold in @entity0 induced by @entity11 ( @entity2 ) initiation/ @entity6 promotion or by UV exposure. To determine the effect of @entity14 levels on @entity0 development, we generated BK5. @entity14 @entity1 that overexpress @entity14 in the basal layer of the epidermis. Skins of these @entity1 were histologically indistinguishable from @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity1 and had similar levels of proliferation after @entity6 treatment. Using a @entity2 / @entity6 carcinogenesis protocol, BK5. @entity14 @entity1 had a reduced @entity0 multiplicity compared to @entity3 @entity1 , likely due to the observed down-regulation of @entity12 ( @entity12 ). However, the BK5. @entity14 @entity1 had an    8-fold @entity7 to @entity4 conversion rate. When @entity2 / @entity13 was used, BK5. @entity14 @entity1 produced more @entity0 than @entity3 @entity1 , as well as a ninefold increase in @entity4 , indicating that the @entity0 response is dependent on the type of @entity0 promoter agent used. Additionally, although almost undetectable in @entity3 @entity1 , @entity10 ( @entity10 ) was expressed in the untreated epidermis of BK5. @entity14 @entity1 . While @entity6 highly induced @entity10 in @entity3 @entity1 , @entity10 expression in the BK5. @entity14 @entity1 did not change after @entity6 treatment; @entity8 levels were likewise affected. These data indicate that @entity14 is more important in @entity0 progression than in @entity0 promotion and that it indirectly regulates @entity10 expression.

title: Upregulation of the @entity14 receptor for XXXX promotes @entity9 progression.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) has been shown to promote the development of @entity1 @entity9 . @entity14 is 1 of the 4 @entity8 G-protein-coupled membrane receptors expressed by @entity1 keratinocytes. @entity14 mRNA levels were increased    2-fold after topical treatment with @entity5 ( @entity6 ) or exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, as well as increased    3- to 12-fold in @entity0 induced by @entity11 ( @entity2 ) initiation/ @entity6 promotion or by UV exposure. To determine the effect of @entity14 levels on @entity0 development, we generated BK5. @entity14 @entity1 that overexpress @entity14 in the basal layer of the epidermis. Skins of these @entity1 were histologically indistinguishable from @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity1 and had similar levels of proliferation after @entity6 treatment. Using a @entity2 / @entity6 carcinogenesis protocol, BK5. @entity14 @entity1 had a reduced @entity0 multiplicity compared to @entity3 @entity1 , likely due to the observed down-regulation of @entity12 ( @entity12 ). However, the BK5. @entity14 @entity1 had an    8-fold @entity7 to @entity4 conversion rate. When @entity2 / @entity13 was used, BK5. @entity14 @entity1 produced more @entity0 than @entity3 @entity1 , as well as a ninefold increase in @entity4 , indicating that the @entity0 response is dependent on the type of @entity0 promoter agent used. Additionally, although almost undetectable in @entity3 @entity1 , @entity10 ( @entity10 ) was expressed in the untreated epidermis of BK5. @entity14 @entity1 . While @entity6 highly induced @entity10 in @entity3 @entity1 , @entity10 expression in the BK5. @entity14 @entity1 did not change after @entity6 treatment; @entity8 levels were likewise affected. These data indicate that @entity14 is more important in @entity0 progression than in @entity0 promotion and that it indirectly regulates @entity10 expression.

title: Upregulation of the XXXX receptor for @entity8 promotes @entity9 progression.

answer: @entity14


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) has been shown to promote the development of @entity1 @entity9 . @entity14 is 1 of the 4 @entity8 G-protein-coupled membrane receptors expressed by @entity1 keratinocytes. @entity14 mRNA levels were increased    2-fold after topical treatment with @entity5 ( @entity6 ) or exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, as well as increased    3- to 12-fold in @entity0 induced by @entity11 ( @entity2 ) initiation/ @entity6 promotion or by UV exposure. To determine the effect of @entity14 levels on @entity0 development, we generated BK5. @entity14 @entity1 that overexpress @entity14 in the basal layer of the epidermis. Skins of these @entity1 were histologically indistinguishable from @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity1 and had similar levels of proliferation after @entity6 treatment. Using a @entity2 / @entity6 carcinogenesis protocol, BK5. @entity14 @entity1 had a reduced @entity0 multiplicity compared to @entity3 @entity1 , likely due to the observed down-regulation of @entity12 ( @entity12 ). However, the BK5. @entity14 @entity1 had an    8-fold @entity7 to @entity4 conversion rate. When @entity2 / @entity13 was used, BK5. @entity14 @entity1 produced more @entity0 than @entity3 @entity1 , as well as a ninefold increase in @entity4 , indicating that the @entity0 response is dependent on the type of @entity0 promoter agent used. Additionally, although almost undetectable in @entity3 @entity1 , @entity10 ( @entity10 ) was expressed in the untreated epidermis of BK5. @entity14 @entity1 . While @entity6 highly induced @entity10 in @entity3 @entity1 , @entity10 expression in the BK5. @entity14 @entity1 did not change after @entity6 treatment; @entity8 levels were likewise affected. These data indicate that @entity14 is more important in @entity0 progression than in @entity0 promotion and that it indirectly regulates @entity10 expression.

title: Upregulation of the @entity14 receptor for @entity8 promotes XXXX progression.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare the procedural performance and the acute angiographic result on side-branch ostium obtained using 2 different drug-eluting stents (DES) to treat @entity0 with bifurcated @entity2 . BACKGROUND: Drug-eluting stents are routinely used in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) of bifurcated @entity2 . Different DES types have major technical differences that may influence the procedural and clinical performance in bifurcation PCI. METHODS: Consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 undergoing DES implantation using a systematic provisional-stenting strategy were randomized to @entity4 -eluting stent (SES) or @entity3 -eluting stent (EES) before intervention. The procedural details for PCI were prospectively recorded to assess the occurrence of any trouble in the side-branch (SB) management (primary end point). Post-PCI angiographic result (primary end point: minimal lumen diameter at SB ostium) was evaluated offline by 3-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis. Clinical outcome was prospectively recorded up to 18 months to assess the occurrence of target bifurcation failure. RESULTS: A total of 150 @entity0 were enrolled in the study (29% diabetics, 17% unprotected left main). The stent was successfully implanted according to randomization in all cases. Procedural performance was not significantly different between the 2 kinds of DES. Three-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis showed similar post-PCI results in the main vessel and better results in the SB with EES than with SES (minimal lumen diameter at SB ostium: 1.94    0.72 mm vs. 1.64    0.62 mm; p = 0.013). At 18 months, target bifurcation failure occurred in 7 (9.0%) of SES-treated @entity0 versus 8 (10.7%) of EES @entity0 (p = 0.57). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity1 treated by provisional stenting technique, EES compared with SES is associated with similar procedural performance and better 3-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis result in the SB. Both DES are associated with low rates of major adverse events and angiographic failure. ( @entity4 Versus @entity3 -Eluting Stent Randomized Assessment in Bifurcated Lesions and Clinical Significance of Residual Side-Branch Stenosis [SEA-SIDE]; NCT00697372).

title: Prospective randomized comparison of XXXX - or @entity3 -eluting stent to treat @entity1 by provisional approach.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare the procedural performance and the acute angiographic result on side-branch ostium obtained using 2 different drug-eluting stents (DES) to treat @entity0 with bifurcated @entity2 . BACKGROUND: Drug-eluting stents are routinely used in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) of bifurcated @entity2 . Different DES types have major technical differences that may influence the procedural and clinical performance in bifurcation PCI. METHODS: Consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 undergoing DES implantation using a systematic provisional-stenting strategy were randomized to @entity4 -eluting stent (SES) or @entity3 -eluting stent (EES) before intervention. The procedural details for PCI were prospectively recorded to assess the occurrence of any trouble in the side-branch (SB) management (primary end point). Post-PCI angiographic result (primary end point: minimal lumen diameter at SB ostium) was evaluated offline by 3-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis. Clinical outcome was prospectively recorded up to 18 months to assess the occurrence of target bifurcation failure. RESULTS: A total of 150 @entity0 were enrolled in the study (29% diabetics, 17% unprotected left main). The stent was successfully implanted according to randomization in all cases. Procedural performance was not significantly different between the 2 kinds of DES. Three-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis showed similar post-PCI results in the main vessel and better results in the SB with EES than with SES (minimal lumen diameter at SB ostium: 1.94    0.72 mm vs. 1.64    0.62 mm; p = 0.013). At 18 months, target bifurcation failure occurred in 7 (9.0%) of SES-treated @entity0 versus 8 (10.7%) of EES @entity0 (p = 0.57). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity1 treated by provisional stenting technique, EES compared with SES is associated with similar procedural performance and better 3-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis result in the SB. Both DES are associated with low rates of major adverse events and angiographic failure. ( @entity4 Versus @entity3 -Eluting Stent Randomized Assessment in Bifurcated Lesions and Clinical Significance of Residual Side-Branch Stenosis [SEA-SIDE]; NCT00697372).

title: Prospective randomized comparison of @entity4 - or XXXX -eluting stent to treat @entity1 by provisional approach.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare the procedural performance and the acute angiographic result on side-branch ostium obtained using 2 different drug-eluting stents (DES) to treat @entity0 with bifurcated @entity2 . BACKGROUND: Drug-eluting stents are routinely used in percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) of bifurcated @entity2 . Different DES types have major technical differences that may influence the procedural and clinical performance in bifurcation PCI. METHODS: Consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 undergoing DES implantation using a systematic provisional-stenting strategy were randomized to @entity4 -eluting stent (SES) or @entity3 -eluting stent (EES) before intervention. The procedural details for PCI were prospectively recorded to assess the occurrence of any trouble in the side-branch (SB) management (primary end point). Post-PCI angiographic result (primary end point: minimal lumen diameter at SB ostium) was evaluated offline by 3-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis. Clinical outcome was prospectively recorded up to 18 months to assess the occurrence of target bifurcation failure. RESULTS: A total of 150 @entity0 were enrolled in the study (29% diabetics, 17% unprotected left main). The stent was successfully implanted according to randomization in all cases. Procedural performance was not significantly different between the 2 kinds of DES. Three-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis showed similar post-PCI results in the main vessel and better results in the SB with EES than with SES (minimal lumen diameter at SB ostium: 1.94    0.72 mm vs. 1.64    0.62 mm; p = 0.013). At 18 months, target bifurcation failure occurred in 7 (9.0%) of SES-treated @entity0 versus 8 (10.7%) of EES @entity0 (p = 0.57). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity1 treated by provisional stenting technique, EES compared with SES is associated with similar procedural performance and better 3-dimensional reconstruction and quantitative coronary analysis result in the SB. Both DES are associated with low rates of major adverse events and angiographic failure. ( @entity4 Versus @entity3 -Eluting Stent Randomized Assessment in Bifurcated Lesions and Clinical Significance of Residual Side-Branch Stenosis [SEA-SIDE]; NCT00697372).

title: Prospective randomized comparison of @entity4 - or @entity3 -eluting stent to treat XXXX by provisional approach.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The time course of tissue distribution of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) has not been sufficiently characterized despite its therapeutic importance and an apparent disconnect between plasma pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes. The goals of this work were to develop and evaluate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to characterize the disposition properties of @entity5 administered as deoxycholate formulation in healthy @entity3 and to examine the utility of the PBPK model for interspecies scaling of @entity5 pharmacokinetics. @entity5 plasma and tissue concentration-time data, following single and multiple intravenous administration of @entity4   to @entity3 , from several publications were combined for construction of the model. Physiological parameters were fixed to literature values. Various structural models for single organs were evaluated, and the whole-body PBPK model included liver, spleen, kidney, lung, heart, gastrointestinal tract, plasma, and remainder compartments. The final model resulted in a good simultaneous description of both single and multiple dose data sets. Incorporation of three subcompartments for @entity1 was required for capturing a prolonged half-life in these organs. The predictive performance of the final PBPK model was assessed by evaluating its utility in predicting pharmacokinetics of @entity5 in @entity2 and @entity0 . Clearance and permeability-surface area terms were scaled with body weight. The model demonstrated good predictions of plasma @entity5 concentration-time profiles for both species. This modeling framework represents an important basis that may be further utilized for characterization of formulation- and disease-related factors in @entity5 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

title: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of XXXX disposition in @entity3 following administration of deoxycholate formulation ( @entity4  ): pooled analysis of published data.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The time course of tissue distribution of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) has not been sufficiently characterized despite its therapeutic importance and an apparent disconnect between plasma pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes. The goals of this work were to develop and evaluate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to characterize the disposition properties of @entity5 administered as deoxycholate formulation in healthy @entity3 and to examine the utility of the PBPK model for interspecies scaling of @entity5 pharmacokinetics. @entity5 plasma and tissue concentration-time data, following single and multiple intravenous administration of @entity4   to @entity3 , from several publications were combined for construction of the model. Physiological parameters were fixed to literature values. Various structural models for single organs were evaluated, and the whole-body PBPK model included liver, spleen, kidney, lung, heart, gastrointestinal tract, plasma, and remainder compartments. The final model resulted in a good simultaneous description of both single and multiple dose data sets. Incorporation of three subcompartments for @entity1 was required for capturing a prolonged half-life in these organs. The predictive performance of the final PBPK model was assessed by evaluating its utility in predicting pharmacokinetics of @entity5 in @entity2 and @entity0 . Clearance and permeability-surface area terms were scaled with body weight. The model demonstrated good predictions of plasma @entity5 concentration-time profiles for both species. This modeling framework represents an important basis that may be further utilized for characterization of formulation- and disease-related factors in @entity5 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

title: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of @entity4 disposition in @entity3 following administration of deoxycholate formulation ( XXXX  ): pooled analysis of published data.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The time course of tissue distribution of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) has not been sufficiently characterized despite its therapeutic importance and an apparent disconnect between plasma pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes. The goals of this work were to develop and evaluate a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model to characterize the disposition properties of @entity5 administered as deoxycholate formulation in healthy @entity3 and to examine the utility of the PBPK model for interspecies scaling of @entity5 pharmacokinetics. @entity5 plasma and tissue concentration-time data, following single and multiple intravenous administration of @entity4   to @entity3 , from several publications were combined for construction of the model. Physiological parameters were fixed to literature values. Various structural models for single organs were evaluated, and the whole-body PBPK model included liver, spleen, kidney, lung, heart, gastrointestinal tract, plasma, and remainder compartments. The final model resulted in a good simultaneous description of both single and multiple dose data sets. Incorporation of three subcompartments for @entity1 was required for capturing a prolonged half-life in these organs. The predictive performance of the final PBPK model was assessed by evaluating its utility in predicting pharmacokinetics of @entity5 in @entity2 and @entity0 . Clearance and permeability-surface area terms were scaled with body weight. The model demonstrated good predictions of plasma @entity5 concentration-time profiles for both species. This modeling framework represents an important basis that may be further utilized for characterization of formulation- and disease-related factors in @entity5 pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

title: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic model of @entity4 disposition in XXXX following administration of deoxycholate formulation ( @entity4  ): pooled analysis of published data.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the outcome and effectiveness of liver surgery for huge @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in the caudate lobe. METHODS: This study retrospectively examined 18 @entity0 who underwent surgical treatment for huge @entity2 in the caudate lobe. An isolated caudate lobectomy and an extended caudate lobectomy were each performed in nine @entity0 (50%). The @entity3 and treatments for recurrence were recorded. The survival curve was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The postoperative mortality and morbidity were nil and 33.3%, respectively. Fourteen @entity0 (77%) had @entity1 recurrence as of the last follow-up. The recurrence was treated in all @entity0 . Eleven @entity0 underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, a median of three times per @entity0 (range, 1-7); one of those @entity0 also received percutaneous @entity4 injection therapy and radiotherapy of recurrent nodules. One @entity0 was treated with systemic chemotherapy. One @entity0 underwent liver transplantation, and one underwent a repeated liver resection. The overall survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 83%, 47%, and 31%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Long-term survival can be achieved using an aggressive surgical approach in selected @entity0 with huge @entity2 in the caudate lobe.

title: Surgical treatment of huge XXXX in the caudate lobe.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In @entity0 with normal estimated renal function before robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN), there is still a risk for de Novo @entity6 ( @entity6 ). We assessed the role of dipstick spot @entity5 in risk stratifying @entity0 for @entity6 progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From our prospectively maintained, institutional review board-approved database of @entity0 undergoing RPN, we queried those with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) >60 and bilateral functional units. We assessed @entity5 through dipstick (trace or above) on voided urine in preoperative urologic appointment <3 weeks before RPN. Proteinuric @entity0 were compared with the remainder of the cohort with parametric comparisons for continuous and chi-squared analysis for categoric variables. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed assessing the risk of de Novo @entity6 stage III development, estimated by the @entity6 -EPI equation. RESULTS: We found 269 @entity0 with eGFR >60 preoperatively, of whom 57 (21%) had @entity5 preoperatively. In univariate analysis, these @entity0 were more likely to be @entity2 (p   =   0.023) and to be on an @entity7 converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin receptor blocker (p   =   0.001) but had similar age (p   =   0.13), body-mass index (p   =   0.09), and @entity1 size (p   =   0.56) with similar rates of @entity4 (p   =   0.07). At a median 16 months, controlling for confounding variables, preoperative @entity5 on urinary dipstick was associated with a 2.3* (95% confidence interval 1.03-4.95) increased risk of de Novo @entity6 stage III progression. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity5 preoperatively, despite a normal eGFR, likely have @entity3 . These @entity0 should be counseled preoperatively that they have a higher risk of @entity6 progression following RPN.

title: Association of Urine Dipstick XXXX and Postoperative Renal Function Following Robotic Partial Nephrectomy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A cell line (eelB) was developed from the outgrowth of adherent cells from brain explants of the @entity3 , @entity3 (Lesueur). EelB cells have been grown routinely in L-15 with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), undergone over 100 passages, and cryopreserved successfully. The cells from late-passage cultures (>45) were polygonal, formed @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on Matrigel, and stained immunocytochemically for @entity2 factor (vWF) and for three tight junction proteins, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), claudin 3, and claudin 5. These results suggest that eelB is an endothelial cell line, one of the few from fish and the first from the brain. Despite this, eelB did not respond to @entity0 ( @entity0 ) with the induction of CYP1A protein. The cells from early-passage cultures (<20) had more varied shapes and did not form @entity1 on Matrigel. Only cells from early-passage cultures formed in suspension three-dimensional aggregates that had some cells expressing alkaline phosphatase and nestin. These cells are thought to be neural stem cells and the aggregates neurospheres. The emergence of endothelial-like cells upon the continued subcultivation of cells from early-passage cultures that had neural stem cells has been described previously for mammals, but this is a first for teleosts. Remarkably, cells from all passage levels were stained strongly for senescence-associated b-galactosidase (SA b-Gal) activity.

title: Development of a cell line from the XXXX brain expressing endothelial cell properties.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We wanted to describe the computed tomography (CT) findings of @entity5 ( @entity3 ) and to correlate them with pathologic findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There were seven @entity0 (M:F = 3:4; mean age, 46.3 years; age range, 32 to 78 years) in whom @entity5 was eventually diagnosed. All of them underwent cross-sectional imaging with CT, a pathologic examination and a retrospective review. CT imaging evaluation was done in each case, including the findings of a mass versus nodule, wall thickening (uniform or irregular) and the enhancement patterns (homogeneous or heterogeneous). RESULTS: All the cases of @entity5 revealed the following three different CT findings: micronodular lesion of the gallbladder wall (n = 1), a thickened wall (n = 4) and a gallbladder mass (n = 2). There were three cases of homogeneous enhancement of the lesions, including homogeneous enhancement with nodular lesion, homogeneous uniform thickness enhancement and homogeneous thickness enhancement in one case each, and these cases pathology showed @entity3 with a little caseating @entity1 in one case and @entity3 with rich fibrous tissue, but little or no evident caseating @entity1 in two cases. Four cases of heterogeneous enhancement of the lesions, including heterogeneous uniform-thickness enhancement in two cases, heterogeneous enhancement with a local @entity2 in one case and heterogeneous enhancement with a mass that replaced the gallbladder in one case; in these cases, pathology showed @entity3 with marked caseation or liquefaction @entity1 in three cases and @entity3 by fibrous and @entity4 accompanied by caseating @entity1 in one case. Among the seven cases of @entity5 , six cases were accompanied by @entity5 , including abdominal lymph node @entity3 in five cases and hepatic @entity3 in four cases. CONCLUSION: Gallbladder @entity3 has various CT manifestations, and the enhanced CT findings are well matched with pathological features. An irregularly thickened gallbladder wall or a gallbladder wall mass with multiple-focus @entity1 or @entity4 accompanied by the typical CT findings of @entity5 should suggest the diagnosis of @entity5 .

title: XXXX : CT findings with histopathologic correlation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide @entity2 ( @entity2 ) prophylaxis according to national consensus guidelines while minimizing associated medication costs. METHODS: @entity0 admitted to our institution who were receiving @entity2 prophylaxis with the low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) enoxaparin were identified and evaluated for potential conversion to low-dose unfractionated heparin (LDUH). @entity0 admitted for general medical conditions were targeted for a potential conversion. Factors that excluded @entity0 from conversion were any surgical intervention or evidence of @entity1 . For all eligible @entity0 , the treating physician was contacted through written recommendations in an effort to achieve conversion to an LDUH regimen. RESULTS: Throughout a 10-month period, 463 @entity0 were identified as receiving enoxaparin for @entity2 prophylaxis. Of these, 112 (24%) were candidates for an LDUH regimen. A total of 88 pharmacy recommendations were provided, of which 59 (67%) were accepted. This conversion program resulted in the avoidance of 250 days of enoxaparin prophylaxis and 8495 US dollars of associated medication costs. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical pharmacy programs directed at converting @entity0 from a more costly LMWH regimen for @entity2 prophylaxis to an LDUH regimen can significantly reduce medication costs while adhering to consensus guidelines.

title: XXXX prophylaxis conversion in nonsurgical inpatients.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficiency of @entity4 -free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure in the treatment of female stress @entity3 (SUI). METHODS: Thirty-four cases with proven SUI and accompanied cystocele were undergone the TVT procedure and cystocele repair simultaneously. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity0 were operated under local anesthesia. Mean operation time was 26.9 minutes. Mean @entity1 was 29.8 ml. Thirty @entity0 (88%) were able to micturate spontaneously 12 hours after operation and their volumes of residual urine were all less than 100 ml. They were discharged on the next day. In the remaining 4 cases (12%) an in-dwelling catheter had to be used for 3 - 11 days. The overall hospital stay averaged was 2.9 days. @entity0 were followed up for 1 - 21 months (average 8.3 months). According to @entity0 self-assessment, 94% of them feel cured, 6% improved. @entity2 was rarely seen. CONCLUSION: TVT procedure is a mini-invasive, effective and safe surgery in the treatment of female SUI.

title: [Treatment of female stress XXXX with @entity4 -free vaginal tape procedure: a report of 34 cases].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficiency of @entity4 -free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure in the treatment of female stress @entity3 (SUI). METHODS: Thirty-four cases with proven SUI and accompanied cystocele were undergone the TVT procedure and cystocele repair simultaneously. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity0 were operated under local anesthesia. Mean operation time was 26.9 minutes. Mean @entity1 was 29.8 ml. Thirty @entity0 (88%) were able to micturate spontaneously 12 hours after operation and their volumes of residual urine were all less than 100 ml. They were discharged on the next day. In the remaining 4 cases (12%) an in-dwelling catheter had to be used for 3 - 11 days. The overall hospital stay averaged was 2.9 days. @entity0 were followed up for 1 - 21 months (average 8.3 months). According to @entity0 self-assessment, 94% of them feel cured, 6% improved. @entity2 was rarely seen. CONCLUSION: TVT procedure is a mini-invasive, effective and safe surgery in the treatment of female SUI.

title: [Treatment of female stress @entity3 with XXXX -free vaginal tape procedure: a report of 34 cases].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study reviewed the outcomes for @entity0 who underwent simultaneous bladder and ureter reconstructive surgery using the ileum after radical treatment for @entity1 . METHODS: The medical records of seven @entity0 who underwent augmentation ileocystoplasty with ileal ureter replacement between September 2006 and May 2013 were reviewed. Data on indications for surgery, underlying urologic comorbidities, type of ureteral replacement, @entity2 , and changes in renal function were obtained. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity0 was 56  years. The @entity1 was @entity1 in all the @entity0 , and the majority of the @entity0 (4/7, 57.1  %) were previously treated with radical hysterectomy plus radiotherapy. Ileal ureter replacement was performed on 11 renal units, and bilateral ileal ureter substitution was performed for four @entity0 , with the largest ureteral defect being 15  cm. The median length of the ileum used for augmentation and ureter substitution was 30  cm (range 15-40  cm), and the median hospital stay was 23  days (range 18-47  days). The overall rate of major complications (grade >= 3) was 57.1  % (4 of 7 @entity0 ). The median preoperative and immediate postoperative serum @entity4 levels were respectively 1.2  mg/dL and 0.9  mg/dL. During a mean follow-up duration of 38  months, none of the @entity0 experienced deterioration of renal function after surgery. CONCLUSION: Ileal ureter substitution combined with augmentation ileocystoplasty is a useful surgical technique for bridging long ureteral defects caused by @entity5 from surgery, radiotherapy, or both for @entity3 in contracted low-compliance bladders.

title: Ileal Augmentation Cystoplasty Combined with Ileal Ureter Replacement After Radical Treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Early surgical intervention is required for sudden onset, severe @entity2 ( @entity2 ) due to @entity3 in @entity0 with normal development younger than 1 year. The condition has been recognized as idiopathic. However, the surgical options in @entity0 are limited because of their size and somatic growth. We sought to examine the efficacy of mitral valve plasty by artificial chordal reconstruction for these @entity0 in mid-to-long term. From August 2005 through June 2012, 8 consecutive @entity0 aged 1-7 months underwent mitral valve plasty by chordal reconstruction using expanded @entity5 sutures for @entity2 , owing to leaflet prolapse. The geometric parameters of the diameter of the mitral annulus (D1), the long axis of the left ventricular (LV) chamber (D2), and the length of the papillary muscle including the reconstructed chordae (D3) were measured, as well as @entity2 grade (0-4) and LV end-diastolic dimension, at each time point. The parameters were compared with those in the control group that included @entity4 @entity0 without @entity1 and healthy @entity0 (n = 51). Mean follow-up period was 5.8 (2.8-9.6) years. Freedom from reoperation was 100%. @entity2 grades were 3.9    0.4 preoperatively, 2.4    0.9 at discharge, and 1.4    0.6 at the latest. Postoperative @entity2 was improved within 1 year in 5 of 6 @entity0 who had grade 2 or higher regurgitation. LV end-diastolic dimensions were 109% (% of normal), 113%, and 107% at discharge, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Geometric configuration indicated by the @entity6 ratio did not significantly change with time. The length of the papillary muscle including reconstructed chordae (D3) strongly correlated with body surface area (r(2) = 0.65), which seemed to be equivalent to that in the control group. In conclusion, postoperative mitral valve function and geometry was preserved. This procedure with a low morbidity should be an option for pediatric @entity0 with acute severe @entity2 .

title: Efficacy of Artificial Chordal Reconstruction for Idiopathic Severe @entity2 Due To XXXX in Infancy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Early surgical intervention is required for sudden onset, severe @entity2 ( @entity2 ) due to @entity3 in @entity0 with normal development younger than 1 year. The condition has been recognized as idiopathic. However, the surgical options in @entity0 are limited because of their size and somatic growth. We sought to examine the efficacy of mitral valve plasty by artificial chordal reconstruction for these @entity0 in mid-to-long term. From August 2005 through June 2012, 8 consecutive @entity0 aged 1-7 months underwent mitral valve plasty by chordal reconstruction using expanded @entity5 sutures for @entity2 , owing to leaflet prolapse. The geometric parameters of the diameter of the mitral annulus (D1), the long axis of the left ventricular (LV) chamber (D2), and the length of the papillary muscle including the reconstructed chordae (D3) were measured, as well as @entity2 grade (0-4) and LV end-diastolic dimension, at each time point. The parameters were compared with those in the control group that included @entity4 @entity0 without @entity1 and healthy @entity0 (n = 51). Mean follow-up period was 5.8 (2.8-9.6) years. Freedom from reoperation was 100%. @entity2 grades were 3.9    0.4 preoperatively, 2.4    0.9 at discharge, and 1.4    0.6 at the latest. Postoperative @entity2 was improved within 1 year in 5 of 6 @entity0 who had grade 2 or higher regurgitation. LV end-diastolic dimensions were 109% (% of normal), 113%, and 107% at discharge, 3, and 5 years, respectively. Geometric configuration indicated by the @entity6 ratio did not significantly change with time. The length of the papillary muscle including reconstructed chordae (D3) strongly correlated with body surface area (r(2) = 0.65), which seemed to be equivalent to that in the control group. In conclusion, postoperative mitral valve function and geometry was preserved. This procedure with a low morbidity should be an option for pediatric @entity0 with acute severe @entity2 .

title: Efficacy of Artificial Chordal Reconstruction for Idiopathic Severe XXXX Due To @entity3 in Infancy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This report from the European Prospective Randomised Study presents 8 year results on survival and 5 year results on @entity3 and employment status. The 768 recruited @entity0 were all @entity0 under age 65 with mild or moderate @entity4 , 50% or greater stenosis in at least two major coronary arteries, and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 50% or greater. One "surgical" @entity0 was lost to follow-up immediately after randomization and is therefore excluded from the statistical analysis. Thus 394 @entity0 allocated to surgery were compared with 373 @entity0 allocated to medical treatment, regardless of what subsequently happened to the @entity0 . The policy of early surgery improved survival significantly compared with the conventional medical treatment policy in the total population (89% to 80%, respectively; p = .0013) and in the subgroup with @entity1 (92% and 77%, respectively; p = .00015). Reclassification of vessel disease by greater than 75% instead of 50% or greater stenosis as the criterion was undertaken to facilitate comparison of these results with those of other studies, which apply 70% or greater stenosis as the criterion of significant disease. Of the 767 @entity0 , a cohort of 711 were identified as having greater than 75% obstruction in one, two, or three vessels. A significant improvement in survival with surgery was found in the total cohort (89% and 80%, respectively; p = .0022), the subgroup with @entity1 (91% and 73%, respectively; p = .0044), and that with @entity7 in which one of the diseased vessels was the proximal segment of the left anterior descending artery (LAD) (90% and 79%, respectively; p = .013). There was no significant difference in survival between the two treatments in @entity0 with @entity1 and those with @entity7 without @entity5 . Four noninvasive prognostic variables were independently predictive of the effect of surgery: resting electrocardiogram (in 767 @entity0 ), ST segment response to exercise (in 656), history and physical signs of @entity6 (in 722), and age (in 767). A reduction in @entity2 was entirely responsible for the improved survival with surgery. The incidence of @entity3 in the medical group (11%) was not significantly different from that in the surgical group (15%). Repeat angiography in 71 @entity0 showed 6% graft closure between 1 and 5 years of follow-up. Surgery did not influence the gradually increasing annual rate of retirement from work.

title: Survival, XXXX , and employment status in a prospective randomized study of coronary bypass surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial regulator of energy metabolic homeostasis and thus a major survival factor in a variety of metabolic stresses and also in the aging process. @entity1 is associated with a low-grade, @entity0 , primarily in adipose tissue. A low-level of @entity0 is also present in the aging process. There are emerging results indicating that AMPK signaling can inhibit the inflammatory responses induced by the nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) system. The NF-kB subunits are not direct phosphorylation targets of AMPK, but the inhibition of NF-kB signaling is mediated by several downstream targets of AMPK, e.g., @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity3 , and Forkhead box O (FoxO) factors. AMPK signaling seems to enhance energy metabolism while it can repress inflammatory responses linked to chronic stress, e.g., in nutritional overload and during the aging process. AMPK can inhibit endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stresses which are involved in @entity1 and the aging process. Interestingly, many target proteins of AMPK are so-called longevity factors, e.g., @entity4 , @entity3 , and FoxOs, which not only can increase the stress resistance and extend the lifespan of many organisms but also inhibit the inflammatory responses. The activation capacity of AMPK declines in metabolic stress and with aging which could augment the @entity1 and accelerate the aging process. We will review the AMPK pathways involved in the inhibition of NF-kB signaling and suppression of @entity0 . We also emphasize that the capacity of AMPK to repress inflammatory responses can have a significant impact on both healthspan and lifespan.

title: XXXX -activated protein kinase inhibits NF-kB signaling and @entity0 : impact on healthspan and lifespan.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 -activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a crucial regulator of energy metabolic homeostasis and thus a major survival factor in a variety of metabolic stresses and also in the aging process. @entity1 is associated with a low-grade, @entity0 , primarily in adipose tissue. A low-level of @entity0 is also present in the aging process. There are emerging results indicating that AMPK signaling can inhibit the inflammatory responses induced by the nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) system. The NF-kB subunits are not direct phosphorylation targets of AMPK, but the inhibition of NF-kB signaling is mediated by several downstream targets of AMPK, e.g., @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity3 , and Forkhead box O (FoxO) factors. AMPK signaling seems to enhance energy metabolism while it can repress inflammatory responses linked to chronic stress, e.g., in nutritional overload and during the aging process. AMPK can inhibit endoplasmic reticulum and oxidative stresses which are involved in @entity1 and the aging process. Interestingly, many target proteins of AMPK are so-called longevity factors, e.g., @entity4 , @entity3 , and FoxOs, which not only can increase the stress resistance and extend the lifespan of many organisms but also inhibit the inflammatory responses. The activation capacity of AMPK declines in metabolic stress and with aging which could augment the @entity1 and accelerate the aging process. We will review the AMPK pathways involved in the inhibition of NF-kB signaling and suppression of @entity0 . We also emphasize that the capacity of AMPK to repress inflammatory responses can have a significant impact on both healthspan and lifespan.

title: @entity2 -activated protein kinase inhibits NF-kB signaling and XXXX : impact on healthspan and lifespan.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study was devised to test the hypothesis that dyspnoea could be mediated by unmyelinated vagal sensory nerve endings (type J receptors) situated at alveolar level in the lung. A modified jet nebulizer was used to generate an aerosol of local anaesthetic in particles small enough to @entity1 . @entity4 (2% and 5%) produced aerosols with an arithmetic mean diameter (+/- SD) of 1.5 +/- 0.3 and 1.2 +/- 0.6 micron respectively, the mass median diameters being 1.7 (geometric standard deviation = 1.2) and 2.5 (geometric standard deviation = 1.7) micron respectively. In experimental animal models a vagally mediated tachypnoea may be induced acutely by pulmonary microembolism. This response is known to be mediated by unmyelinated pulmonary afferent nerves in the vagus. Local anaesthetic agents administered as small particles, but not as large particles, obtunded this response, which suggests that the aerosol was capable of penetration to alveolar level. Upon this background, a clinical study was designed to compare the effects of @entity4 with placebo both given as small-particle aerosols. Six @entity0 , including two with @entity1 and four with chronic @entity2 , were studied. Respiratory frequency was determined before and after the aerosol, and exercise tolerance and @entity3 were measured with a 6 min walking test and visual analogue scales. After @entity4 there was no clinical evidence of anaesthesia of the upper airways but bronchoconstriction occurred. While no overall effect of @entity4 on dyspnoea was apparent, individual @entity0 showed some evidence of benefit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of small-particle aerosols of local anaesthetic on dyspnoea in XXXX with respiratory disease.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The neuropeptide kisspeptin and its receptor play an essential role in reproduction as a potent modulator of the GnRH neuron. In addition to its reproductive function, kisspeptin signaling is also involved in extra-HPG axis systems, including @entity1 and @entity3 ( @entity4 ) secretion. In contrast to the accumulating information for kisspeptin neurons and kisspeptin fibers, the histological distribution and function of the kisspeptin receptor in the @entity0 brain are poorly characterized. Using in situ hybridization combined with immunofluorescence, this study aimed to determine the whole brain map of @entity5 mRNA (encoding the kisspeptin receptor), and to examine whether @entity1 or @entity4 neurons express @entity5 . Neurons with strong @entity5 expression were observed in several rostral brain areas including the olfactory bulb, medial septum, diagonal band of Broca, and throughout the preoptic area, with the most concentrated population around 0.5 mm rostral to the bregma. Co-immunofluorescence staining revealed that in these rostral brain areas, the vast majority of the @entity5 -expressing neurons co-expressed @entity2 . Moderate levels of @entity5 mRNA were also noted in the rostral periventricular area, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and throughout the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Relatively weak @entity5 expression was observed in the supraoptic nucleus, and supramammillary nuclei. Moderate to weak expression of @entity5 was also observed in several regions in the midbrain, including the periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe nucleus. We also examined whether @entity1 and @entity4 neurons in the PVN co-express @entity5 . Immunofluorescence revealed the co-expression of @entity5 in a subset of the @entity1 neurons, but not in the @entity4 neurons in the PVN. This study provides a fundamental anatomical basis for further examination of the kisspeptin signaling system in the extra-HPG axis as well as in reproductive function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Mapping of kisspeptin receptor mRNA in the whole @entity0 brain and its co-localization with XXXX in the paraventricular nucleus.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The neuropeptide kisspeptin and its receptor play an essential role in reproduction as a potent modulator of the GnRH neuron. In addition to its reproductive function, kisspeptin signaling is also involved in extra-HPG axis systems, including @entity1 and @entity3 ( @entity4 ) secretion. In contrast to the accumulating information for kisspeptin neurons and kisspeptin fibers, the histological distribution and function of the kisspeptin receptor in the @entity0 brain are poorly characterized. Using in situ hybridization combined with immunofluorescence, this study aimed to determine the whole brain map of @entity5 mRNA (encoding the kisspeptin receptor), and to examine whether @entity1 or @entity4 neurons express @entity5 . Neurons with strong @entity5 expression were observed in several rostral brain areas including the olfactory bulb, medial septum, diagonal band of Broca, and throughout the preoptic area, with the most concentrated population around 0.5 mm rostral to the bregma. Co-immunofluorescence staining revealed that in these rostral brain areas, the vast majority of the @entity5 -expressing neurons co-expressed @entity2 . Moderate levels of @entity5 mRNA were also noted in the rostral periventricular area, paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and throughout the arcuate nucleus (ARC). Relatively weak @entity5 expression was observed in the supraoptic nucleus, and supramammillary nuclei. Moderate to weak expression of @entity5 was also observed in several regions in the midbrain, including the periaqueductal gray and dorsal raphe nucleus. We also examined whether @entity1 and @entity4 neurons in the PVN co-express @entity5 . Immunofluorescence revealed the co-expression of @entity5 in a subset of the @entity1 neurons, but not in the @entity4 neurons in the PVN. This study provides a fundamental anatomical basis for further examination of the kisspeptin signaling system in the extra-HPG axis as well as in reproductive function. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Mapping of kisspeptin receptor mRNA in the whole XXXX brain and its co-localization with @entity1 in the paraventricular nucleus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study was conducted to determine whether in situ implantation of a dropped @entity1 is safe and whether the authors' method would reduce the incidence of @entity2 . The authors retrospectively reviewed 16 @entity0 with @entity7 , including 11 with @entity3 and 5 with Gustilo-Anderson type IIIB @entity3 who had a dropped @entity1 between January 2002 and January 2012. Mean @entity0 age was 35.4 years (range, 19-47 years). There were 10 femurs and 6 tibias. Average postoperative follow-up was 26.8 months (range, 12-60 months). The dropped traumatic segmental bone fragments were cleaned with 3% @entity4 , placed in separate sterile cups, and soaked in 1% iodophor for 30 minutes. Initial treatment included @entity6 , wound irrigation, in situ implantation of the dropped @entity1 , and temporary external fixation. Approximately 4 to 8 weeks later, after successful reconstruction of the soft tissue envelope, minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis was performed. Mean duration of treatment was 8 weeks (range, 6-14 weeks). All @entity0 had @entity3 union at final follow-up. Mean healing time was 21.8 weeks (range, 14-48 weeks). One @entity0 did not achieve primary union and required bone grafting. One @entity0 with a Gustilo-Anderson type IIIB @entity3 had @entity5 and removal of the dropped @entity1 and bone grafting. According to the Klemm and B  rner classification, 11 @entity0 had excellent results, 3 had good results, and 2 had poor results. With adequate soft tissue coverage, this method was acceptable for the management of @entity7 with @entity1 . [Orthopedics. 2016; 39(1):e14-e18.].

title: Reconstruction of Traumatic Bone Defect With In Situ Implantation of Dropped XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 7-year-old male Boxer with a 3.5-year history of @entity0 was presented with multiple poorly circumscribed nodules and maculae of the skin and tongue, and @entity7 . Cytologic and histopathologic examination of the @entity3 revealed @entity5 . Cells were CD3(+) and CD8(+) in flow cytometry. The CBC showed a moderate @entity4 with 16% atypical lymphocytes with irregularly cleaved nuclei. Flow cytometric phenotyping of peripheral blood showed an elevated proportion of the CD8(+) T-lymphocyte subpopulation, indicating a malignant population of T-cell origin, and the electropherogram of the PCR antigen receptor rearrangement produced a monoclonal peak for TCRy. Liver enzyme activities were markedly increased and abdominal ultrasound examination showed increased echogenicity of the liver and enlarged abdominal lymph nodes. Fine-needle aspirates of the liver confirmed infiltration with lymphocytes exhibiting the same morphology as the cells detected in skin and peripheral blood. Treatment was induced with @entity10 , @entity9 , and @entity1 . Partial clinical remission of the @entity3 was achieved within 10  days, and @entity8 resolved. Despite further treatment with @entity10 and @entity9 , the @entity2 relapsed within one  month and was euthanized. Presence of malignant lymphocytes in skin, peripheral blood, and liver indicate a rare variant of leukemic @entity6 , equivalent of S  zary syndrome in a @entity2 . This case report describes the use of flow cytometry as a complementary tool for lymphocyte characterization of @entity3 for the first time.

title: XXXX in a Boxer.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity5 is an inhabitant of aquatic systems and one of the causative agents of severe dehydrating @entity2 in @entity0 . It has also emerged as an important cause of different kinds of @entity1 responses, and in particular, @entity5 strains of the non-O1 non-O139 serogroups (NOVC) have been associated with such infections in @entity0 . We analyzed the potential of outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from the NOVC strain V:5/04 to induce @entity1 responses in @entity0 host cells. V:5/04 OMVs were taken up by @entity0 epithelial cells and induced @entity1 responses. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated gene knockdown revealed that the @entity1 potential of NOVC OMVs was partially mediated by the @entity4 -binding domain-, @entity3 -rich repeat-containing family member @entity7 . Physiochemical analysis of the content of these OMVs, in conjunction with @entity7 and @entity6 reporter assays in HEK293T cells, confirmed the presence of both @entity7 and @entity6 active peptidoglycan in the OMVs. Furthermore, we show that deletion of the quorum-sensing regulator HapR, which mimics an infective life style, specifically reduced the @entity1 potential of the V:5/04 OMVs and their ability to activate @entity7 and @entity6 . In conclusion, our study shows that NOVC OMVs elicit immune responses mediated by @entity7 and @entity6 in @entity0 host cells. Moreover, we provide evidence that the quorum-sensing machinery plays an important regulatory role in this process by attenuating the @entity1 potential of OMVs under infective conditions. This work thus identifies a new facet of how Vibrio affects host immune responses and defines a role for the quorum-sensing machinery in this process.

title: NOD-like receptor activation by outer membrane vesicles from XXXX non-O1 non-O139 strains is modulated by the quorum-sensing regulator HapR.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Activation of efferent renal sympathetic nerve activity (ERSNA) increases afferent @entity0 (ARNA), leading to decreases in ERSNA by activation of the renorenal reflexes in the overall goal of maintaining low ERSNA. The renorenal reflex responses to various stimuli are impaired in spontaneously @entity2 @entity1 (SHR). Because renal tissue density of a(2)-adrenoceptors (ARs) is increased in SHR, we examined whether the ERSNA-induced increases in ARNA are impaired in SHR and, if so, the role of a(2)-ARs. The ARNA responses to increases in ERSNA were impaired in SHR, 2390    460%  seconds, versus in @entity1 -Kyoto @entity1 , 6620    1690%  seconds. Renal pelvic release of substance P was not altered by 6250 pmol/L @entity3 (NE) in SHR but was increased by 250 pmol/L NE in @entity1 -Kyoto @entity1 , from 5.7    0.7 to 12.5  1.3 pg/min. Renal pelvic administration of the a(2)-AR antagonist @entity5 enhanced the ERSNA-induced increases in ARNA, 4170    900%  seconds, in SHR but not in @entity1 -Kyoto @entity1 . In the presence of @entity5 , 250 pmol/L NE increased substance P release, from 5.2    0.3 to 11.2    0.8 pg/min, in pelvises from SHR. Because @entity4 suppresses the activation of renal mechanosensory nerves in SHR, we examined whether @entity6 improved the ERSNA-induced ARNA responses. @entity6 had no effect on the ARNA responses or the NE-induced increases in substance P in SHR. However, @entity6 + @entity5 resulted in further enhancement of the @entity0 to increases in ERSNA and NE in SHR but not in WKY. We conclude that increased activation of renal a(2)-ARs and @entity4 type 1 receptors contributes to the impaired interaction between ERSNA and ARNA in SHR.

title: Impaired interaction between efferent and afferent XXXX in SHR involves increased activation of alpha2-adrenoceptors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity2 often present with @entity4 and concomitant poor prognosis. The best known serum biomarker, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is not recommended for screening because of its limited specificity and sensitivity. A number of other circulating proteins have been suggested to be diagnostically useful but individually none of these has proved to be of sufficient sensitivity or specificity to establish a role in routine clinical practice. Here, we test the hypothesis that combining several of these biomarkers will improve diagnostic efficacy. METHODS: To select the markers for our model we screened @entity3 and 26 other candidate biomarkers. Four candidates were selected and their concentrations determined in the serum of 239 @entity0 (106 @entity2 @entity0 and 133 non- @entity1 subjects). RESULTS: Class prediction models based on @entity3 , DR-70 and sCD26 produced a modest increase in detection accuracy over @entity3 alone, particularly for early stage @entity1 . The sensitivity and specificity required for a clinically useful test was not reached. CONCLUSION: It is unlikely that a biomarker panel comprised of the currently available serum markers will generate a clinically useful diagnostic test for @entity2 . Our findings reiterate the urgent need to discover novel biomarkers for the detection of @entity2 .

title: Assessment of novel combinations of biomarkers for the detection of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The nucleus accumbens is the most inferior part of the striatum and is mainly connected to the limbic system. It is neurochemically and immunohistochemically divided into a shell laterally and a core medially. As a functionally central structure between amygdala, basal ganglia, mesolimbic dopaminergic regions, mediodorsal thalamus and prefrontal cortex, the nucleus accumbens appears to play a modulative role in the flow of the information from the amygdaloid complex to these regions. @entity9 is a major neurotransmitter of the nucleus accumbens and this nucleus has a modulative function to the amygdala-basal ganglia-prefrontal cortex circuit. Together with the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, nucleus accumbens consists a part of the cerebral circuit which regulates functions associated with effort. It is anatomically located in a unique way to serve emotional and behavioral components of feelings. It is considered as a neural interface between motivation and action, having a key-role in food intake, sexual behavior, reward-motivated behavior, stress-related behavior and substance-dependence. It is involved in several cognitive, emotional and psychomotor functions, altered in some psychopathology. Moreover it is involved in some of the commonest and most severe @entity2 , such as @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity11 and other @entity3 , as well as in addiction, including drugs abuse, alcoholism and smoking. Nucleus accumbens has also a role in other @entity2 such as @entity5 , @entity1 and @entity10 . Because of its rich dopaminergic projections, this nucleus has been subject of many studies in animals as well as in @entity0 , connecting its malfunction with the disturbed reward process observed in @entity7 . Neuromodulation interventions targeting the nucleus accumbens are nowadays applied in strictly selected @entity0 suffering from @entity13 , @entity11 , @entity12 and addiction to drugs or @entity6 . Specifically, bilateral and unilateral (right) deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens has been applied in obsessive-compulsive @entity0 resulting into significant improvement of their symptoms and their quality of life. Nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation has been also associated with antidepressant and anxiolytic effect, as well as quality of life improvement in @entity0 suffering from severe resistant @entity7 . Finally, this minimally invasive stereotactic procedure has been proved beneficial for all phenotypic components of the @entity12 , with remarkable @entity8 's motor manifestations, including tics.

title: [The role of the nucleus accumbens in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Repairing complicated, recurrent @entity4 poses many challenges and frustrations for both the @entity0 and the surgeon. @entity0 with histories of multiple abdominal procedures, @entity1 , and previous @entity2 repair are at higher risk for recurrence. They must be dealt with through a more sophisticated approach than the @entity0 presenting with an initial @entity2 or even a simple recurrence. We describe our experience with 18 @entity0 using component separation technique paired with acellular porcine dermis. We specifically focus on the use of intraperitoneal biologic mesh paired with a synthetic overlay. There were no @entity2 recurrences during the follow-up period: average 14 months (range, 4-24 months, 100% follow-up). Complications included @entity3 , wound breakdown, and @entity1 ; several of these requiring reoperation. The successful management of complicated @entity2 has been revolutionized by new synthetic and bioprosthetic meshes. However, these products, when used alone in complex @entity2 @entity0 carry a higher recurrence rate. We have found that these meshes, used in conjunction with component separation technique, have had no recurrence to date, but are prone to complications.

title: XXXX using component separation technique paired with intraperitoneal acellular porcine dermis and synthetic mesh overlay.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To report long term efficacy and complications of retinectomy as an intraocular pressure lowering procedure for intractable @entity1 . METHODS: This was a consecutive interventional case series. In 44 consecutive eyes (39 @entity0 , 22 @entity0 and 17 @entity0 ) retinectomy was performed to lower the intraocular pressure (IOP) in @entity0 with uncontrolled IOP (>35 mm Hg for more than 4 months) despite conventional filtering surgery and drug treatment. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed and the peripheral retina was surgically excised to various degrees. The procedure was concluded by an intraocular gas tamponade of 20% @entity13 . Included were @entity0 with @entity9 (12 eyes), @entity1 (three eyes), @entity1 due to @entity11 (13 eyes), severe @entity8 (seven eyes), @entity4 (seven eyes), and @entity1 in @entity12 (two). RESULTS: All @entity0 underwent successful surgical retinectomy. All @entity0 were followed for 5 years. Mean postoperative IOP after 4 years was 15.7 (SD 9.4) mm Hg, representing a decrease of IOP by 61% compared to the preoperative level (41.2 (9.4) mm Hg). In 52.3% of eyes long term regulation of IOP could be achieved without complications. Retinectomy was least effective in @entity9 because of central @entity10 (CRVO). Eyes with @entity1 secondary to @entity4 showed a tendency towards low IOP levels with subsequent @entity7 bulbi. The initial visual acuity of all @entity0 was lower than 20/50 (mean 1.8 (0.8) logMAR) in the treated eye. Final visual acuity was 2.3 (0.6) logMAR. 21 out of 44 cases developed @entity2 ( @entity5 or proliferative @entity6 (PVR)) after surgery, requiring @entity3 tamponade in 11 eyes (52%) either for persistent low IOP or for PVR. Nine eyes developed @entity7 , seven of which were enucleated during the follow up. CONCLUSIONS: Long term results after retinectomy demonstrate its efficacy in otherwise intractable @entity1 . Efficacy and safety of retinectomy are dependent on the underlying disease.

title: Retinectomy for treatment of intractable XXXX : long term results.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Residual/progressive @entity1 (rAR, @entity5 ) after valve-sparing aortic root replacement (V-SARR) can lead to reoperations. We sought to characterize risk factors of mild rAR and @entity5 after V-SARR in a multicenter cohort. The effect of additional cusp repair on valve function was analyzed using propensity matching. METHODS: A total of 1,015 @entity0 after V-SARR were identified with (n  = 288, 28%) or without additional cusp/commissure repair (n  = 727, 72%) at four cardiac units in Germany. A total of 764 @entity0 fulfilling transthoracic echocardiography follow-up-criteria comprised the study cohort. Logistic regression was used for risk factor analysis with endpoints rAR, new onset @entity4 , and @entity5 . t tests and analyses of variance were used for between-group differences. The effects of additional cusp repair on valve function were studied comparing propensity-matched quintiles. RESULTS: The incidence of rAR was 29%, with influencing factors @entity2 size (p  = 0.07) and preoperative @entity3 (p  = 0.08). It was found more often among nonsyndromic @entity0 (34% vs. 14%; OR, 0.4; p < 0.001). Progression of rAR was detectable in 30% after a mean of 4.3 years. The progression rate of rAR    0.3 grades per @entity0 -year within the first 5 years. When quintiles identified by propensity score were compared, additional cusp repair was linked to new onset @entity4 (p  = 0.016) while it was not linked to rAR (p  = 0.14) or @entity5 (p  = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: The incidences of rAR and @entity5 are considerable after V-SARR. @entity0 should be operated on before large @entity2 are present. New onset @entity4 after an initially good functional result is more likely after an additional cusp repair, while rAR and @entity5 are not influenced by cusp repair.

title: Residual and Progressive XXXX After  Valve-Sparing Root Replacement: A Propensity-Matched Multi-Institutional Analysis in 764 @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Residual/progressive @entity1 (rAR, @entity5 ) after valve-sparing aortic root replacement (V-SARR) can lead to reoperations. We sought to characterize risk factors of mild rAR and @entity5 after V-SARR in a multicenter cohort. The effect of additional cusp repair on valve function was analyzed using propensity matching. METHODS: A total of 1,015 @entity0 after V-SARR were identified with (n  = 288, 28%) or without additional cusp/commissure repair (n  = 727, 72%) at four cardiac units in Germany. A total of 764 @entity0 fulfilling transthoracic echocardiography follow-up-criteria comprised the study cohort. Logistic regression was used for risk factor analysis with endpoints rAR, new onset @entity4 , and @entity5 . t tests and analyses of variance were used for between-group differences. The effects of additional cusp repair on valve function were studied comparing propensity-matched quintiles. RESULTS: The incidence of rAR was 29%, with influencing factors @entity2 size (p  = 0.07) and preoperative @entity3 (p  = 0.08). It was found more often among nonsyndromic @entity0 (34% vs. 14%; OR, 0.4; p < 0.001). Progression of rAR was detectable in 30% after a mean of 4.3 years. The progression rate of rAR    0.3 grades per @entity0 -year within the first 5 years. When quintiles identified by propensity score were compared, additional cusp repair was linked to new onset @entity4 (p  = 0.016) while it was not linked to rAR (p  = 0.14) or @entity5 (p  = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: The incidences of rAR and @entity5 are considerable after V-SARR. @entity0 should be operated on before large @entity2 are present. New onset @entity4 after an initially good functional result is more likely after an additional cusp repair, while rAR and @entity5 are not influenced by cusp repair.

title: Residual and Progressive @entity1 After  Valve-Sparing Root Replacement: A Propensity-Matched Multi-Institutional Analysis in 764 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: After 3 to 6 months of conservative management for insertional @entity2 , operative intervention might be warranted. Despite a success rate of 75% to 100% with surgery, no consensus has been reached on the amount of acceptable detachment of the Achilles tendon. The present case series reports on the results of a central splitting approach with 80% to 90% detachment of the Achilles insertion repaired with a double-row bridging suture device. A total of 14 @entity0 (16 heels) for whom nonoperative management for insertional @entity2 had previously failed were enrolled in the present study they had undergone surgical management. The @entity0 were followed up for a mean of 18 (range 11 to 25) months postoperatively and were evaluated using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hind Foot scoring system, 36-item Short Form Health Survey questionnaire, and pre- and postoperative visual analog @entity1 scale. The mean visual analog @entity1 scale core had decreased 5.84 (range 1 to 9) points postoperatively (p < .001). The mean postoperative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Hind Foot score was 87      19.7 (range 52 to 105) points. One @entity0 reported moderate @entity1 with no limitation of activities. The mean 36-item Short-Form Health Survey score for physical functioning was 77.7 (range 30 to 100) points postoperatively in 11 @entity0 . No @entity0 reported incisional discomfort. All 14 @entity0 (16 heels) reported being satisfied and had returned to their previous functional status. Thus, the central splitting Achilles approach with anchoring of the Achilles insertion using the double-row suture device is a safe and reasonable option in the operative treatment of insertional @entity2 .

title: Use of a Central Splitting Approach and Near Complete Detachment  for  Insertional XXXX Repaired  With an Achilles Bridging Suture.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of the surgical treatment for cervical vertigo with @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty-five @entity0 in Department of Orthopaedics, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, who received surgical treatment for @entity1 concomitant with cervical vertigo from 2004 to 2013 were reviewed retrospectively. The preoperative cervical curvature index (CCI), slip distance and intervertebral angle, as well as the pre-and-postoperative Cobb angle were measured. The pre-and-postoperative degree of vertigo was reported according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Committee on Hearing and Equilibrium standard. The therapeutic effect and mechanism for @entity0 with different imaging features and thus underwent various surgical approaches were analyzed. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 40.6 months. Cervical instability was found in 33 @entity0 . 29 of 35 (82.9%) @entity0 had a satisfied recovery from cervical vertigo. The difference in Cobb angle in pre- and postoperative neutral cervical X-ray images was positively associated with the improvement for the vertigo (Pearson's test, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Cervical instability may be the major cause of cervical vertigo in the context of @entity1 . Cervical sympathetic nerves may have played an important role in the cervical vertigo. Surgery may relieve the cervical vertigo accompanying the @entity1 .

title: [Therapeutic effect and mechanism of the surgical treatment for cervical vertigo with XXXX ].

answer: @entity1