abstract: Metallothionein, a high @entity2 -containing protein, can bind with both essential and nonessential metals and thus play an important role as a metal storage protein and also in the detoxification of toxic metals. Although in the @entity0 fetus, levels of trace minerals and metallothionein are very high, their postnatal changes are not well documented. The purpose of the present investigation, therefore, was to quantify the accumulation of metallothionein in premature and full-term @entity0 during the first year of life and to identify factors affecting its accumulation. From 47 postmortem samples, it was determined that hepatic metallothionein levels were highest in newborn premature and full-term @entity0 falling to levels found in older @entity0 by 4.4 months of age. Hepatic @entity1 levels were also highest in the youngest @entity0 , falling with increasing postnatal age. There was a significant positive correlation between @entity1 and metallothionein at all ages. However, there was a negative correlation between hepatic metallothionein levels and cystathionase activity. Hepatic @entity3 and metallothionein levels were unrelated. The renal concentration of metallothionein, @entity1 , and @entity3 were significantly lower than corresponding hepatic levels. The fall in hepatic levels of @entity1 and metallothionein during the first months of life correspond to a period of negative @entity1 balance and low endogenous @entity2 production in the newborn. Thus metallothionein may play an important role as a storage depot for these two essential nutrients during this critical period of active growth.

title: Hepatic metallothionein as a source of @entity1 and XXXX during the first year of life.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The present study tries to evaluate the diagnosit value in @entity3 of @entity5 , of which the relationship with cellular kinetics is known, and @entity4 , of which catabolism follows a similar pathway. One hundred and fifty six @entity0 were studied: 53 with @entity2 (27 primary, 26 metastatic) and 103 with @entity2 of which 65 were cirrhotic and 38 non-cirrhotic. Erythrocyte @entity5 ( @entity8 and @entity7 ) and @entity4 levels were assayed. The results indicate the following. 1. @entity6 levels were significantly increased (a) in cirrhotic @entity0 , not only when compared with controls (p less than 10(-8)), but also when compared with the non-cirrhotic @entity0 (p less than 10(-7)); (b) in primary @entity3 (p less than 10(-3)). 2. @entity4 was significantly increased (a) in the @entity2 (p less than 10(-4)), but with no difference between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic @entity0 ; (b) in the secondary @entity1 @entity0 , @entity4 levels were lower than in primary @entity1 @entity0 (p less than 0.04). 3. There was no correlation, in all groups studied, between @entity6 and @entity4 levels. These results suggest the following practical implications. 1. For @entity2 , appreciably increased @entity6 levels may represent a further argument favoring a cirrhotic condition. 2. In diagnosing @entity3 , increased @entity6 levels would suggest a primary @entity3 ; low @entity4 levels are more in favor of a secondary malignant hepatic process.

title: Diagnostic value of erythrocyte-free XXXX and histaminemia in @entity3 and in liver cirrhosis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The present study tries to evaluate the diagnosit value in @entity3 of @entity5 , of which the relationship with cellular kinetics is known, and @entity4 , of which catabolism follows a similar pathway. One hundred and fifty six @entity0 were studied: 53 with @entity2 (27 primary, 26 metastatic) and 103 with @entity2 of which 65 were cirrhotic and 38 non-cirrhotic. Erythrocyte @entity5 ( @entity8 and @entity7 ) and @entity4 levels were assayed. The results indicate the following. 1. @entity6 levels were significantly increased (a) in cirrhotic @entity0 , not only when compared with controls (p less than 10(-8)), but also when compared with the non-cirrhotic @entity0 (p less than 10(-7)); (b) in primary @entity3 (p less than 10(-3)). 2. @entity4 was significantly increased (a) in the @entity2 (p less than 10(-4)), but with no difference between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic @entity0 ; (b) in the secondary @entity1 @entity0 , @entity4 levels were lower than in primary @entity1 @entity0 (p less than 0.04). 3. There was no correlation, in all groups studied, between @entity6 and @entity4 levels. These results suggest the following practical implications. 1. For @entity2 , appreciably increased @entity6 levels may represent a further argument favoring a cirrhotic condition. 2. In diagnosing @entity3 , increased @entity6 levels would suggest a primary @entity3 ; low @entity4 levels are more in favor of a secondary malignant hepatic process.

title: Diagnostic value of erythrocyte-free @entity5 and histaminemia in XXXX and in liver cirrhosis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In the treatment of @entity4 approaches vary depending upon whether the @entity5 in question is defined as a small cell or a @entity8 . @entity3 in the majority of cases must be seen as a @entity6 even with an early diagnosis. Because of this, chemotherapy is the dominant form of treatment. For @entity0 with limited disease radiotherapy and surgery are additionally recommended as potentially curative measures, and for those with @entity2 , surgery and radiotherapy may serve as palliative treatment. Chemotherapy generally consists of a combination of two or more cytostatic drugs. As a rule 4 to 6 treatment cycles are administered. Maintenance therapy appears to be of little value. In case of @entity1 relapse, new cytostatic combinations can be attempted or the cytostatic regimen which was originally successful can be reintroduced. Whether or not a @entity1 responds to a particular chemotherapy is apparent after the first cycle of treatment. When the @entity1 shows no @entity3 , the treatment regimen can immediately be changed. The question of possible intensification of induction chemotherapy has yet to be clarified by clinical trials. The data gathered thus far, however, suggest that there is no measurable improvement in survival rates when chemotherapy is intensified beyond standard practice. In the case of @entity8 , the disease is predominantly characterized by locally limited @entity1 growth, so that radiotherapy and surgery are initially the preferred forms of treatment. Systemic therapy in @entity8 has thus been mainly reserved for the stage of @entity1 dissemination (stage IV). For these @entity0 chemotherapy has proved generally to have a purely palliative effect which is of limited duration. Recent clinical trials indicate, however, that better results can be obtained when chemotherapy is applied in stage III. These encouraging results stem from a number of clinical studies, in which polychemotherapy containing @entity7 (with or without radiotherapy) was applied preoperatively to initially inoperable @entity1 @entity0 . It must be noted, however, that up until now these positive results have been achieved mainly in uncontrolled clinical investigations which must be confirmed by larger controlled trials.

title: [Drug therapy in XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Promoter and signal sequence coding regions from @entity3 were cloned in @entity0 using a bifunctional and signal sequence selection plasmid pGPB14 as a vector. The Sau3A digested chromosome DNA was ligated with BamHI digested pGPB14. The ligated mixture was used to transform @entity0 C600. @entity1 and @entity2 resistant clones were selected. Recombinant plasmids were isolated from double resistant transformants. Restriction analysis showed that inserts of various length had been cloned and these inserts rendered the @entity0 cells resistant to different concentrations of @entity1 . The recombinant plasmids were transformed and showed the same secretion function in @entity3 . The amount and localization of beta-lactamase were determined in transformed @entity0 and @entity3 . The results indicate that the beta-lactamase activities of @entity0 mainly in periplasm while the enzyme produced by @entity3 secreted extracellularly. 10 of the cloned fragments were sequenced by Sanger's dideoxy chain termination method. The sequencing data show that all fragments contain promoter, ribosome binding site and signal sequence coding region.

title: [Cloning and sequencing of promoter and signal sequence coding regions from XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Between 1970 and 1979, 372 @entity0 with @entity2 were treated with primary irradiation therapy, with salvage surgery for failures. The median age was 60 years and the male to female ratio was 2:1. The staging system used was the 1974 UICC TNM system. There were 47 T1 lesions (13%), 161 T2 lesions (43%), and 164 T3 lesions (44%). Regional nodes were not palpable in 173 (46%); 122 had N1 nodes (33%), 6 had N2 nodes (2%) and 71 had N3 nodes (19%). All @entity0 received external beam radiation which was supplemented in 68 @entity0 with a radioactive implant for disease into adjacent tongue. The overall survival for all @entity0 was 38% at 5 years and 54% when corrected for intercurrent disease. Local control was 87% for T1 lesions, 68% for T2 lesions and 50% for T3 lesions. Regional control was 96% for N0, 67% for N1 and 37% for N2-3. A detailed dose-time-volume analysis revealed that increasing volume improved local control in T1 and T2 lesions (77% had local control if the volume was greater than 80 cm2 versus 53% if the volume was less than 80 cm2, p = 0.014), except for T3 lesions. Increasing the dose in the range of 5000 to 6500 rad had no significant effect on primary control in any stage of disease. The addition of a radioactive implant did not increase local control if disease extended into the tongue (57% local control if implant, 52% if no implant). This study demonstrates the significance of adequate treatment volume in local control for @entity1 . No significant dose response was found and subsequent surgery was not compromised when a moderate dose of radiation was used.

title: XXXX : the effect of dose-time-volume factors on local control.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Several residues of the @entity0 @entity3 have been identified to be critical for the binding of peptide agonists and non-peptide antagonists. @entity1 substitutions in the first and second extracellular segments and the second transmembrane segment led to substantial reduction in peptide affinity without affecting the affinity of antagonist @entity2 . These effects are identical to those observed for homologous residues in the neurokinin-1 receptor, suggesting that these three regions are involved in high-affinity peptide binding to both receptor subtypes. On the other hand, some conserved residues in the fourth to seventh transmembrane segments are required for peptide binding to only one receptor subtype but not both. The conserved nature and location of these receptor residues suggest that the distance between bound peptide and helices 4-7 varies depending on the receptor subtype. It is likely that the conformational compatibility between a ligand and a given receptor determines the magnitude of binding affinity, and thus receptor subtype selectivity. While many single-residue substitutions did not affect the binding affinity of the antagonist @entity2 , two double mutants in the sixth and seventh transmembrane segments were found to reduce its affinity substantially. Therefore, receptor residues participate cooperatively in the binding of @entity2 . These results demonstrate the usefulness of combining single-residue substitutions in studying and confirming the role of receptor residues in ligand binding. Finally, the overlapping nature of agonist and antagonist binding sites is consistent with the observation that substitutions of some residues modify the binding affinities of both peptide agonists and non-peptide antagonists.

title: Identification of residues involved in ligand binding to the XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: An adjunctive pharmacological strategy to thrombolytic therapy that is tailored to limit reperfusion injury after thrombolysis could further maximize the unquestioned benefit of restoring flow to @entity0 . @entity0 -reperfusion injury exhibits features characteristic of an acute inflammatory response, including the rapid activation and infiltration of neutrophils. The initial process of neutrophil migration from the circulation to injured tissue is modulated by a group of adhesion molecules called selectins. The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy of a selectin blocker ( @entity6 ) given as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy to interfere with the inflammatory response after @entity0 -reperfusion and subsequently reduce @entity2 size in the electrolytic @entity1 model. METHODS AND RESULTS: A fully occlusive thrombus was formed in the left circumflex coronary artery by electrolytic injury in 20 anesthetized open-chest @entity1 . After occlusion, an infusion of 1 mg/kg recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rTPA) was administered over 20 minutes with either a bolus of placebo or the selectin blocker @entity6 (40 mg/kg). At the onset of reperfusion, 20 micrograms/kg per minute rTPA was administered for 1 hour to prevent reocclusion. After 1 hour of reperfusion, @entity4 size, myocardial @entity5 activity, and reperfusion @entity3 were measured. In @entity6 -treated @entity1 , there was a significant 69% reduction in @entity4 size when expressed as a percentage of the area at risk (6.7 +/- 8.4% versus 21.8 +/- 13.6%; P = .008) and a marked reduction in @entity5 activity (0.014 +/- 0.009 versus 0.0370 +/- 0.025 U/min per gram; P = .02) compared with the placebo group. There was no difference between the groups in the occurrence of reperfusion @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Selectin blockade as an adjunct to rTPA-mediated thrombolysis significantly reduces @entity4 size and myocardial neutrophil infiltration well beyond thrombolysis alone in the electrolytic @entity1 model. These data suggest that selectin blockade is extremely effective at reducing @entity0 -reperfusion injury and @entity2 size in this model and that the neutrophil is a potent mediator of @entity0 -reperfusion injury.

title: Adjunctive selectin blockade successfully reduces XXXX size beyond thrombolysis in the electrolytic @entity1 coronary artery model.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: An adjunctive pharmacological strategy to thrombolytic therapy that is tailored to limit reperfusion injury after thrombolysis could further maximize the unquestioned benefit of restoring flow to @entity0 . @entity0 -reperfusion injury exhibits features characteristic of an acute inflammatory response, including the rapid activation and infiltration of neutrophils. The initial process of neutrophil migration from the circulation to injured tissue is modulated by a group of adhesion molecules called selectins. The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy of a selectin blocker ( @entity6 ) given as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy to interfere with the inflammatory response after @entity0 -reperfusion and subsequently reduce @entity2 size in the electrolytic @entity1 model. METHODS AND RESULTS: A fully occlusive thrombus was formed in the left circumflex coronary artery by electrolytic injury in 20 anesthetized open-chest @entity1 . After occlusion, an infusion of 1 mg/kg recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rTPA) was administered over 20 minutes with either a bolus of placebo or the selectin blocker @entity6 (40 mg/kg). At the onset of reperfusion, 20 micrograms/kg per minute rTPA was administered for 1 hour to prevent reocclusion. After 1 hour of reperfusion, @entity4 size, myocardial @entity5 activity, and reperfusion @entity3 were measured. In @entity6 -treated @entity1 , there was a significant 69% reduction in @entity4 size when expressed as a percentage of the area at risk (6.7 +/- 8.4% versus 21.8 +/- 13.6%; P = .008) and a marked reduction in @entity5 activity (0.014 +/- 0.009 versus 0.0370 +/- 0.025 U/min per gram; P = .02) compared with the placebo group. There was no difference between the groups in the occurrence of reperfusion @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Selectin blockade as an adjunct to rTPA-mediated thrombolysis significantly reduces @entity4 size and myocardial neutrophil infiltration well beyond thrombolysis alone in the electrolytic @entity1 model. These data suggest that selectin blockade is extremely effective at reducing @entity0 -reperfusion injury and @entity2 size in this model and that the neutrophil is a potent mediator of @entity0 -reperfusion injury.

title: Adjunctive selectin blockade successfully reduces @entity4 size beyond thrombolysis in the electrolytic XXXX coronary artery model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: From January 1, 1986 to December 31, 1987, 119 @entity0 among a total number of 2309 were recorded prospectively, who needed induction of labour for mixed indications (Group A), for a premature rupture of the membrane (Group B) or for medical indication (Group C). Independently of the ripe of cervix the results were significantly better in the multiparae than nulliparae respecting the success of induction, the duration of labour and the rate of Caesarean sections. 66.4% (n = 79) of all cases could be delivered within 24 hours after the first gel-application. Statistically significant differences in the partial collectives A, B, and C were seen only by unripe cervix (A = 60.0%, B = 71.4%, C = 30.0%). Repeated tries of inductions led to statistically significant more rates of Caesarean sections, fever during labour and prolonged course of labour. The rate of Caesarean sections and the fetal post-partum results comparing to the other remaining deliveries in 1986/87 were statistically not different. Side effects induced by @entity4 were only founded in two cases concerning @entity1 . Uterine hyperactivities with pathological CTG-patterns being resistant to treatment with beta-mimetics were found in one case. As severe complication the only case with particular @entity2 must be seen. Based on our experience the intracervical @entity3 -application for induction of labour is not disadvantageous for mother and fetus, if there are certain indications and fixed criteria.

title: [Clinical experiences with intracervical XXXX administration for labor induction].

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a potent inhibitor of Leydig cell function. @entity5 blocks @entity0 CG-induced @entity3 and @entity2 formation, as well as cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. @entity5 also decreases insulin-like growth factor-I ( @entity4 ) mRNA levels in Leydig cells. The effects of @entity4 are modified by IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs). In the present study, we evaluated the effects of @entity5 on IGFBP expression. Purified Leydig cells from adult @entity1 were cultured with 0.1% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum in Dulbecco's modified Eagles' medium/F12. Culture medium was changed to serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagles' medium/F12 after 24 h and @entity6 (0.1-10 ng/ml) was added. Treatment of Leydig cells with @entity6 (10 ng/ml) for 2, 4, and 6 h resulted in a progressive induction of @entity8 expression without affecting @entity9 or @entity10 mRNA levels. @entity6 in concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 ng/ml caused a 1.5-, 4-, and 6.5-fold induction of @entity8 expression, respectively, whereas @entity4 mRNA levels were decreased in a dose-dependent manner. @entity6 increased the average transcription rate of @entity8 by 3.3-fold. The t1/2 for @entity8 mRNA was 2.07 h and was not affected by the treatment with @entity6 (2.21 h). The immunoblot of cell-conditioned media showed that the basal level of @entity8 protein was low and @entity6 caused a dose-dependent increase in the production of @entity8 . These results indicate that @entity6 increases @entity8 levels by increasing the rate of transcription rather than by changing the stability of @entity8 mRNA. The addition of @entity7 markedly inhibited @entity6 -induced @entity8 mRNA levels. However, @entity6 was able to induce @entity8 mRNA levels even in the presence of @entity7 . This suggests that de novo protein synthesis may not be required for induction of @entity8 mRNA by @entity6 . In conclusion, @entity6 inhibits @entity4 but increases @entity8 expression in Leydig cells, and this may contribute to the inhibitory effects of @entity6 on Leydig cell steroidogenesis.

title: XXXX induces insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 gene expression and protein production by Leydig cells.

answer: @entity5


abstract: There exists a plethora of @entity1 kinases that play essential roles in regulation of eukaryotic proteins. Several dual specificity kinases that phosphorylate proteins on @entity3 , @entity0 , and @entity1 residues also play critical roles in eukaryotic phosphorylation cascades. In contrast, very few prokaryotic proteins have been shown to be phosphorylated on @entity1 residues, and the functions of the rare examples remain obscure. Furthermore, no dual specificity kinases have been described in prokaryotes. Our results indicate that PutA protein from the bacterium @entity5 autophosphorylates on several @entity3 , @entity0 , and @entity1 residues. PutA protein both represses the @entity2 utilization (put) operon and degrades @entity2 to @entity4 . These two opposing functions are regulated by the availability of @entity2 and the membrane sites needed for the @entity2 dehydrogenase activity of PutA protein. In addition, these functions are modulated by phosphorylation of PutA protein. The rate of dephosphorylation of PutA protein is determined by the availability of @entity2 and membranes. Dephosphorylated PutA protein has a higher DNA binding affinity than the phosphorylated protein and thus may prevent toxic overexpression of PutA protein in the absence of available membrane sites.

title: Protein phosphorylation on @entity0 , @entity3 , and XXXX residues modulates membrane-protein interactions and transcriptional regulation in @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: There exists a plethora of @entity1 kinases that play essential roles in regulation of eukaryotic proteins. Several dual specificity kinases that phosphorylate proteins on @entity3 , @entity0 , and @entity1 residues also play critical roles in eukaryotic phosphorylation cascades. In contrast, very few prokaryotic proteins have been shown to be phosphorylated on @entity1 residues, and the functions of the rare examples remain obscure. Furthermore, no dual specificity kinases have been described in prokaryotes. Our results indicate that PutA protein from the bacterium @entity5 autophosphorylates on several @entity3 , @entity0 , and @entity1 residues. PutA protein both represses the @entity2 utilization (put) operon and degrades @entity2 to @entity4 . These two opposing functions are regulated by the availability of @entity2 and the membrane sites needed for the @entity2 dehydrogenase activity of PutA protein. In addition, these functions are modulated by phosphorylation of PutA protein. The rate of dephosphorylation of PutA protein is determined by the availability of @entity2 and membranes. Dephosphorylated PutA protein has a higher DNA binding affinity than the phosphorylated protein and thus may prevent toxic overexpression of PutA protein in the absence of available membrane sites.

title: Protein phosphorylation on @entity0 , XXXX , and @entity1 residues modulates membrane-protein interactions and transcriptional regulation in @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: There exists a plethora of @entity1 kinases that play essential roles in regulation of eukaryotic proteins. Several dual specificity kinases that phosphorylate proteins on @entity3 , @entity0 , and @entity1 residues also play critical roles in eukaryotic phosphorylation cascades. In contrast, very few prokaryotic proteins have been shown to be phosphorylated on @entity1 residues, and the functions of the rare examples remain obscure. Furthermore, no dual specificity kinases have been described in prokaryotes. Our results indicate that PutA protein from the bacterium @entity5 autophosphorylates on several @entity3 , @entity0 , and @entity1 residues. PutA protein both represses the @entity2 utilization (put) operon and degrades @entity2 to @entity4 . These two opposing functions are regulated by the availability of @entity2 and the membrane sites needed for the @entity2 dehydrogenase activity of PutA protein. In addition, these functions are modulated by phosphorylation of PutA protein. The rate of dephosphorylation of PutA protein is determined by the availability of @entity2 and membranes. Dephosphorylated PutA protein has a higher DNA binding affinity than the phosphorylated protein and thus may prevent toxic overexpression of PutA protein in the absence of available membrane sites.

title: Protein phosphorylation on XXXX , @entity3 , and @entity1 residues modulates membrane-protein interactions and transcriptional regulation in @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: There exists a plethora of @entity1 kinases that play essential roles in regulation of eukaryotic proteins. Several dual specificity kinases that phosphorylate proteins on @entity3 , @entity0 , and @entity1 residues also play critical roles in eukaryotic phosphorylation cascades. In contrast, very few prokaryotic proteins have been shown to be phosphorylated on @entity1 residues, and the functions of the rare examples remain obscure. Furthermore, no dual specificity kinases have been described in prokaryotes. Our results indicate that PutA protein from the bacterium @entity5 autophosphorylates on several @entity3 , @entity0 , and @entity1 residues. PutA protein both represses the @entity2 utilization (put) operon and degrades @entity2 to @entity4 . These two opposing functions are regulated by the availability of @entity2 and the membrane sites needed for the @entity2 dehydrogenase activity of PutA protein. In addition, these functions are modulated by phosphorylation of PutA protein. The rate of dephosphorylation of PutA protein is determined by the availability of @entity2 and membranes. Dephosphorylated PutA protein has a higher DNA binding affinity than the phosphorylated protein and thus may prevent toxic overexpression of PutA protein in the absence of available membrane sites.

title: Protein phosphorylation on @entity0 , @entity3 , and @entity1 residues modulates membrane-protein interactions and transcriptional regulation in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the visual outcomes of early intervention in the setting of fundus-obscuring @entity2 ( @entity2 ) presumed to be due to @entity8 . DESIGN: Retrospective comparative case series. METHODS: All eyes that presented with a fundus-obscuring @entity2 , defined as vision of 20/400 or worse and requiring a B-scan at presentation from 2003 to 2013, were evaluated. Eyes with any history of @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity1 , presentation greater than 2  weeks after onset of symptoms, or follow-up of less than 2  months were excluded. The main outcome measure studied was final best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) as dependent on the time to surgery. RESULTS: Ninety-two eyes met inclusion criteria with a mean follow-up of 490  days. Initial BCVA was logMAR 2.218 (Snellen equivalent 20/3000-20/4000, range 20/400-light perception); final BCVA was 0.318 (Snellen equivalent of 20/40-20/50, range 20/20-light perception, P < .001). Fifty-six @entity0 (60.8%) had either a @entity3 or a @entity7 . @entity0 who underwent surgery within 1  week had no significant improvement over all others; however, a significant improvement was found when comparing early vs delayed surgery groups (P  <  .05). There was a significantly increased risk of  developing a macula-off @entity7 in @entity0 who did not undergo surgery within 1  week of presentation. CONCLUSIONS: Early surgical intervention results in similar visual outcomes compared to a conservative approach. However, early intervention significantly reduces the incidence of severe @entity5 related to macula-involving @entity7 . This study highlights the importance of close follow-up given the high risk of @entity7 in fundus-obscuring @entity2 .

title: Early Vitrectomy for Spontaneous, Fundus-Obscuring XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The efficacy of @entity8 in providing objective @entity1 responses in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), has been recently questioned. Experience with non specific chemotherapy is limited. @entity1 responses have been reported with @entity3 administered as a single agent or in combination. Other reports however failed to show benefit from cytotoxic chemotherapy. The very low number of @entity0 included in each study, mostly of them previously treated with @entity8 , may account for these controversial results. The finding that multidrug resistance mediated by @entity4 / @entity4 can be reverted by @entity8 provides a rational basis for exploring the use of @entity8 in combination with chemotherapeutic agents. In a multicenter cooperative (SWOG) phase II study, a combination of @entity8 + @entity3 appeared active in advanced @entity5 , with 30% response rate in 37 eligible @entity0 . These results prompted us to evaluate the activity of a combination chemotherapy of Eto-poside, @entity2 and @entity3 (EAP) in association with @entity8 (4 g daily per os). Up to now we treated 6 @entity0 , obtaining 3 partial responses. Recently, new drugs as @entity6 and @entity7 have been show to have some activity in @entity0 with surgically unresectable @entity5 , suggesting the need for further investigation. In conclusion, cytotoxic drugs+ @entity8 and new adrenocorticolytic/cytotoxic agents, should be explored as first line treatments in @entity0 with advanced @entity5 . However, due to the extreme rarity of the disease, coordinated multicenter investigations should be highly encouraged.

title: Cytotoxic chemotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Influenza A/H5N1 actively circulated in Kamphaeng @entity4 (KPP), Thailand from 2004 to 2006. A prospective longitudinal cohort study of @entity3 in 800 adults conducted during 2008-2010 in KPP suggested that subclinical or mild @entity1 had occurred among this adult cohort. However, this study was conducted after the peak of H5N1 activity in KPP. Coincidentally, banked serum samples were available from a prospective longitudinal cohort study of primary school @entity0 who had undergone active surveillance for febrile illnesses from 2004 to 2007 and lived in the same district of KPP as the adult cohort. OBJECTIVES: We sought to investigate whether subclinical or mild @entity1 had occurred among KPP residents during the peak of H5N1 activity from 2004 to 2006. STUDY DESIGN: H5N1 microneutralization (MN) assay was performed on banked serum samples from a prospective longitudinal cohort study of primary school @entity0 who had undergone active surveillance for febrile illnesses in KPP. Annual blood samples collected from 2004 to 2006 from 251 @entity0 were selected based on the criteria that they lived in villages with documented @entity1 . RESULT: No H5N1 neutralizing antibodies were detected in 753 annual blood samples from 251 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: During 2004-2006, very few subclinical or mild @entity1 occurred in KPP. Elevated H5N1 MN titers found in the adult cohort in 2008 were likely due to cross-reactivity from other @entity2 virus subtypes highlighting the complexities in interpreting @entity2 serological data.

title: Absence of neutralizing antibodies against XXXX among @entity0 in Kamphaeng @entity4 , Thailand.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Influenza A/H5N1 actively circulated in Kamphaeng @entity4 (KPP), Thailand from 2004 to 2006. A prospective longitudinal cohort study of @entity3 in 800 adults conducted during 2008-2010 in KPP suggested that subclinical or mild @entity1 had occurred among this adult cohort. However, this study was conducted after the peak of H5N1 activity in KPP. Coincidentally, banked serum samples were available from a prospective longitudinal cohort study of primary school @entity0 who had undergone active surveillance for febrile illnesses from 2004 to 2007 and lived in the same district of KPP as the adult cohort. OBJECTIVES: We sought to investigate whether subclinical or mild @entity1 had occurred among KPP residents during the peak of H5N1 activity from 2004 to 2006. STUDY DESIGN: H5N1 microneutralization (MN) assay was performed on banked serum samples from a prospective longitudinal cohort study of primary school @entity0 who had undergone active surveillance for febrile illnesses in KPP. Annual blood samples collected from 2004 to 2006 from 251 @entity0 were selected based on the criteria that they lived in villages with documented @entity1 . RESULT: No H5N1 neutralizing antibodies were detected in 753 annual blood samples from 251 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: During 2004-2006, very few subclinical or mild @entity1 occurred in KPP. Elevated H5N1 MN titers found in the adult cohort in 2008 were likely due to cross-reactivity from other @entity2 virus subtypes highlighting the complexities in interpreting @entity2 serological data.

title: Absence of neutralizing antibodies against @entity3 among @entity0 in Kamphaeng XXXX , Thailand.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Influenza A/H5N1 actively circulated in Kamphaeng @entity4 (KPP), Thailand from 2004 to 2006. A prospective longitudinal cohort study of @entity3 in 800 adults conducted during 2008-2010 in KPP suggested that subclinical or mild @entity1 had occurred among this adult cohort. However, this study was conducted after the peak of H5N1 activity in KPP. Coincidentally, banked serum samples were available from a prospective longitudinal cohort study of primary school @entity0 who had undergone active surveillance for febrile illnesses from 2004 to 2007 and lived in the same district of KPP as the adult cohort. OBJECTIVES: We sought to investigate whether subclinical or mild @entity1 had occurred among KPP residents during the peak of H5N1 activity from 2004 to 2006. STUDY DESIGN: H5N1 microneutralization (MN) assay was performed on banked serum samples from a prospective longitudinal cohort study of primary school @entity0 who had undergone active surveillance for febrile illnesses in KPP. Annual blood samples collected from 2004 to 2006 from 251 @entity0 were selected based on the criteria that they lived in villages with documented @entity1 . RESULT: No H5N1 neutralizing antibodies were detected in 753 annual blood samples from 251 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: During 2004-2006, very few subclinical or mild @entity1 occurred in KPP. Elevated H5N1 MN titers found in the adult cohort in 2008 were likely due to cross-reactivity from other @entity2 virus subtypes highlighting the complexities in interpreting @entity2 serological data.

title: Absence of neutralizing antibodies against @entity3 among XXXX in Kamphaeng @entity4 , Thailand.

answer: @entity0


abstract: MOTIVATION: The @entity2 (TCGA) RNA-Sequencing data are used widely for research. TCGA provides 'Level 3' data, which have been processed using a pipeline specific to that resource. However, we have found using experimentally derived data that this pipeline produces gene-expression values that vary considerably across biological replicates. In addition, some RNA-Sequencing analysis tools require integer-based read counts, which are not provided with the Level 3 data. As an alternative, we have reprocessed the data for 9264 @entity2 and 741 normal samples across 24 @entity2 types using the Rsubread package. We have also collated corresponding clinical data for these samples. We provide these data as a community resource. RESULTS: We compared TCGA samples processed using either pipeline and found that the Rsubread pipeline produced fewer zero-expression genes and more consistent expression levels across replicate samples than the TCGA pipeline. Additionally, we used a genomic-signature approach to estimate @entity3 ( @entity3 ) activation status for 662 @entity0 samples and found that the Rsubread data resulted in stronger predictions of @entity3 pathway activity. Finally, we used data from both pipelines to classify 575 @entity1 samples based on histological type. This analysis identified various non-coding RNA that may influence @entity1 histology. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION: The RNA-Sequencing and clinical data can be downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (accession number GSE62944). Scripts and code that were used to process and analyze the data are available from https://github.com/srp33/TCGA_RNASeq_Clinical. CONTACT: stephen_piccolo@byu.edu or andreab@genetics.utah.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary material is available at Bioinformatics online.

title: Alternative preprocessing of RNA-Sequencing data in The XXXX leads to improved analysis results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine fetal serum and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) levels of interleukin (IL)-3, @entity2 , @entity5 , stem cell factor, and @entity3 , and to explore the relationship between cytokines and hemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count (WBC), and platelet count in fetuses affected by Rh immunization. METHODS: Thirty-four consecutive Rh-immunized @entity0 in gestational weeks 19-33 were included. All @entity0 were investigated by funipuncture and 13 by amniocentesis. The levels of @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity5 , stem cell factor, and @entity3 were estimated using commercially available immunoassays. RESULTS: There was a significant correlation between @entity3 concentrations in fetal serum and @entity6 (r = 0.54, P < .05), whereas none of the other cytokines showed a positive correlation between these two compartments. Fetal serum contained higher concentrations of @entity4 , @entity5 , stem cell factor, and @entity3 compared with @entity6 . In contrast, the @entity2 level was significantly higher in @entity6 compared with fetal serum (P = .002). @entity3 and @entity4 levels were both negatively correlated with fetal hemoglobin concentrations (r = -0.75, P = .02, and r = -0.67, P = .045). The fetal WBC correlated significantly with the fetal serum concentration of @entity5 (r = 0.38, P = .04). CONCLUSION: @entity0 fetuses with @entity1 due to erythrocyte immunization exhibit an increased production of @entity3 and @entity4 . Other studied cytokines (such as @entity2 ) did not correlate with the degree of @entity1 . Among the studied cytokines, only @entity3 showed a positive correlation between fetal serum and @entity6 .

title: Cytokines in fetal blood and XXXX in Rh-immunized pregnancies.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity1 and its homologue, @entity2 , encode membrane-associated proteins that suppress programmed cell death of hematopoietic cell lines after growth factor withdrawal, and are expressed in hematopoietic precursor cells. To better understand the maintenance of long-term survival in the hematopoietic stem cell population, we evaluated the expression patterns of @entity1 and @entity2 in primitive hematopoietic precursor populations. Hematopoietic precursor cells expressing @entity3 ( @entity3 +) and lacking maturation-linked surface antigens (lin-) were isolated from adult @entity0 bone marrow using two-color immunofluorescence cell sorting and fractionated on the basis of forward light scatter characteristics into blast-sized and small to medium lymphocyte-sized cell populations. @entity1 expression was shown in 78% to 90% of @entity3 + lin- blast-sized cells versus less than 10% of small to medium lymphocyte-sized @entity3 + lin- cells by immunohistochemical analysis. Small to medium lymphocyte-sized @entity3 + lin- cells were further enriched for primitive precursors by selecting cells that lacked expression of @entity4 ( @entity3 + lin- @entity4 -). In parallel experiments, only 1% to 4% of @entity3 + lin- @entity4 - cells expressed @entity1 , whereas 45% to 56% of these cells generated colony-forming cells. In contrast, > or = 94% of cells in all bone marrow subpopulations studied expressed @entity2 protein. Both alternatively spliced @entity2 transcripts, @entity2 and bcl-xs, were present. Our data show that the most primitive hematopoietic precursors express @entity2 but not @entity1 . Thus, the functional @entity1 homologue, @entity2 , may be essential for the long-term survival of the hematopoietic stem cell population.

title: Primitive @entity0 hematopoietic precursors express @entity2 but not XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 and its homologue, @entity2 , encode membrane-associated proteins that suppress programmed cell death of hematopoietic cell lines after growth factor withdrawal, and are expressed in hematopoietic precursor cells. To better understand the maintenance of long-term survival in the hematopoietic stem cell population, we evaluated the expression patterns of @entity1 and @entity2 in primitive hematopoietic precursor populations. Hematopoietic precursor cells expressing @entity3 ( @entity3 +) and lacking maturation-linked surface antigens (lin-) were isolated from adult @entity0 bone marrow using two-color immunofluorescence cell sorting and fractionated on the basis of forward light scatter characteristics into blast-sized and small to medium lymphocyte-sized cell populations. @entity1 expression was shown in 78% to 90% of @entity3 + lin- blast-sized cells versus less than 10% of small to medium lymphocyte-sized @entity3 + lin- cells by immunohistochemical analysis. Small to medium lymphocyte-sized @entity3 + lin- cells were further enriched for primitive precursors by selecting cells that lacked expression of @entity4 ( @entity3 + lin- @entity4 -). In parallel experiments, only 1% to 4% of @entity3 + lin- @entity4 - cells expressed @entity1 , whereas 45% to 56% of these cells generated colony-forming cells. In contrast, > or = 94% of cells in all bone marrow subpopulations studied expressed @entity2 protein. Both alternatively spliced @entity2 transcripts, @entity2 and bcl-xs, were present. Our data show that the most primitive hematopoietic precursors express @entity2 but not @entity1 . Thus, the functional @entity1 homologue, @entity2 , may be essential for the long-term survival of the hematopoietic stem cell population.

title: Primitive @entity0 hematopoietic precursors express XXXX but not @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 and its homologue, @entity2 , encode membrane-associated proteins that suppress programmed cell death of hematopoietic cell lines after growth factor withdrawal, and are expressed in hematopoietic precursor cells. To better understand the maintenance of long-term survival in the hematopoietic stem cell population, we evaluated the expression patterns of @entity1 and @entity2 in primitive hematopoietic precursor populations. Hematopoietic precursor cells expressing @entity3 ( @entity3 +) and lacking maturation-linked surface antigens (lin-) were isolated from adult @entity0 bone marrow using two-color immunofluorescence cell sorting and fractionated on the basis of forward light scatter characteristics into blast-sized and small to medium lymphocyte-sized cell populations. @entity1 expression was shown in 78% to 90% of @entity3 + lin- blast-sized cells versus less than 10% of small to medium lymphocyte-sized @entity3 + lin- cells by immunohistochemical analysis. Small to medium lymphocyte-sized @entity3 + lin- cells were further enriched for primitive precursors by selecting cells that lacked expression of @entity4 ( @entity3 + lin- @entity4 -). In parallel experiments, only 1% to 4% of @entity3 + lin- @entity4 - cells expressed @entity1 , whereas 45% to 56% of these cells generated colony-forming cells. In contrast, > or = 94% of cells in all bone marrow subpopulations studied expressed @entity2 protein. Both alternatively spliced @entity2 transcripts, @entity2 and bcl-xs, were present. Our data show that the most primitive hematopoietic precursors express @entity2 but not @entity1 . Thus, the functional @entity1 homologue, @entity2 , may be essential for the long-term survival of the hematopoietic stem cell population.

title: Primitive XXXX hematopoietic precursors express @entity2 but not @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy and the safety of transtympanic @entity4 to treat sudden @entity5 as first and single drug method. Considering ethical implication of performing a mininvasive procedure on middle ear, we matched such proposed treatment with systemic @entity2 administration that represents the widest adopted protocol. Randomized prospective study was conducted. The inclusion criterion was a sudden @entity5 of at least 30  dB across three contiguous frequencies over a period of 24  h. Group A received transtympanic @entity1 injections; Group B received oral administration of @entity3 . 25 @entity0 were treated with transtympanic therapy whereas 21 underwent systemic treatment. The mean of initial PTA was 59  dB for the whole series: 65  dB for group A and 51  dB for group B. The recovery better than 10  dB was obtained in 80% of @entity0 of group A and in 17 81% of @entity0 of group B, with a total of 80.5%. The mean relative gain in PTA was 41.16% in the group A and 44.7% in the group B. In the frequencies tested (0.5, 1, 2, and 4  kHz) PTA improvements after transtympanic treatment were higher than after systemic treatment, but these differences were not statistically significant (P  =  0.61). Both transtympanic and systemic treatment had similar clinical recovery times. This prospective randomized clinical study showed good result in terms of hearing recovery, better than the expected results of the simple observation without treatment. We can consider transtympanic administration as a first line treatment, because of the statistical analysis confirmed similar results with systemic therapy, reducing possible side effects of systemic drug administration. The delay of treatment does not influence the outcome, allowing treating @entity0 within 10  days of onset.

title: Treatment of sudden XXXX with transtympanic injection of @entity3 as single therapy: a randomized clinical study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The aim of this study was to verify the efficacy and the safety of transtympanic @entity4 to treat sudden @entity5 as first and single drug method. Considering ethical implication of performing a mininvasive procedure on middle ear, we matched such proposed treatment with systemic @entity2 administration that represents the widest adopted protocol. Randomized prospective study was conducted. The inclusion criterion was a sudden @entity5 of at least 30  dB across three contiguous frequencies over a period of 24  h. Group A received transtympanic @entity1 injections; Group B received oral administration of @entity3 . 25 @entity0 were treated with transtympanic therapy whereas 21 underwent systemic treatment. The mean of initial PTA was 59  dB for the whole series: 65  dB for group A and 51  dB for group B. The recovery better than 10  dB was obtained in 80% of @entity0 of group A and in 17 81% of @entity0 of group B, with a total of 80.5%. The mean relative gain in PTA was 41.16% in the group A and 44.7% in the group B. In the frequencies tested (0.5, 1, 2, and 4  kHz) PTA improvements after transtympanic treatment were higher than after systemic treatment, but these differences were not statistically significant (P  =  0.61). Both transtympanic and systemic treatment had similar clinical recovery times. This prospective randomized clinical study showed good result in terms of hearing recovery, better than the expected results of the simple observation without treatment. We can consider transtympanic administration as a first line treatment, because of the statistical analysis confirmed similar results with systemic therapy, reducing possible side effects of systemic drug administration. The delay of treatment does not influence the outcome, allowing treating @entity0 within 10  days of onset.

title: Treatment of sudden @entity5 with transtympanic injection of XXXX as single therapy: a randomized clinical study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prior findings indicate that individuals scoring high on vital exhaustion show a dysfunctional stress response (DSR), that is, reduced @entity2 reactivity and habituation to @entity6 . The main aim of the present study was to examine whether a DSR may be a vulnerability factor in @entity1 ( @entity5 ). We examined whether a DSR is present during the early stages of ED, and still is present after recovery. Three groups were studied: 1. Former @entity5 @entity0 (n=14); 2. @entity0 who during the past 6month had experienced stress at work and had a Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire (SMBQ) score over 3.75, considered to indicate a pre-stage of @entity5 (n=17); 3. @entity0 who had not experienced stress at work during the past 6months and had a SMBQ score below 2.75 (n=20). The @entity0 were exposed twice to a virtual version of the Trier Social Stress Test (V-TSST), during which salivary @entity2 samples were collected. In addition, high frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV), heart rate (HR), t-wave amplitude (TWA), and a-amylase were assessed to examine stress reactivity and habituation in the autonomic nervous system (ANS). The initial analyses showed clear @entity4 and sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activations in both V-TSST sessions, together with habituation of @entity2 and heart rate in the second session, but without any significant group differences. However, the former @entity5 @entity0 showed considerable variation in self-reported signs of exhaustion (SMBQ). This led us to assign former @entity5 @entity0 with lower ratings into the low SMBQ group (LOWS) and those with higher ratings to the high SMBQ group (HIGHS). When repeating the analyses a different picture emerged; the HIGHS showed a lower @entity2 response to the V-TSST than did the LOWS. Both groups' @entity2 response habituated to the second V-TSST session. The ANS responses did not differ between the two groups. Thus, @entity0 in a pre-stage of @entity5 and unrecovered former @entity5 @entity0 showed signs of DSR, in contrast to healthy controls and recovered former @entity5 @entity0 . The results may be interpreted as indicating that DSR in the @entity3 is present early on in the stress process, but subsides after successful recovery.

title: Exhaustion-related changes in cardiovascular and XXXX reactivity to acute psychosocial stress.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A 28-year-old previously emmetropic @entity0 presented with a 2-day history of @entity2 . She had no history of corneal surgery or contact lens use. Snellen uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was 6/12 bilaterally. Bilateral anterior stromal infiltration of the central @entity3 was seen, with no overlying epithelial defect and intact sensation. There was a marked hyperopic shift, central @entity4 , and associated keratometric flattening. The @entity0 was started on topical corticosteroids. Over 12 weeks, the UDVA returned to 6/5 with emmetropization of the refractive status and thickening of the central @entity3 . The clinical findings in our @entity0 resemble those of central @entity1 (CTK) in post-refractive-surgery cases, suggesting a similar mechanism. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a @entity0 presenting with @entity1 in the absence of previous keratorefractive surgery or contact lens use. The pathophysiology of this condition remains elusive and requires further investigation. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Idiopathic stromal keratitis resembling central XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Several studies have reported that @entity6 was associated with a relatively high incidence of emergence @entity4 in @entity0 even in the absence of any surgical intervention. The aim of this study was to compare early @entity4 characteristics of oral @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity2 premedication in @entity0 who were given @entity6 anesthesia for esophageal dilatation. METHODS: Following Internal Review Board approval and parental informed consent, 100 ASA physical status I-II @entity0 (3-9  years old) who were scheduled to undergo general anesthesia for esophageal dilatation procedures were enrolled. The @entity0 were randomly assigned to four groups (n  =  25 in each). The premedications in the groups were saline (group P), @entity8 2.5   g/kg (group D), 0.5  mg/kg @entity2 (group MD), and @entity5 0.1  mg/kg (group ML), given orally. All premedication drugs were given with @entity3 2-2.5  mg/kg to be easily drinkable 40-45  min before anesthesia induction. Anesthesia was maintained with @entity6 2-4%, @entity7 50% in @entity1 . No supplemental analgesic agent was given, and an emergence @entity4 scale (EAS) was measured on admission to the PACU, then every 5 min, and recorded during the postoperative period: 1, awake and calm, cooperative; 2, crying, requires consoling; 3, irritable/restless, screaming, inconsolable; 4, combative, disoriented, thrashing. @entity0 with an @entity4 score of 3 or 4 were classified as agitated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among the four groups demographically. The emergence @entity4 scale was higher in the placebo group than in the others at 5, 10, and 15  min postoperatively (P  <  0.001). EA was similar among group D, group MD, and group ML. CONCLUSION: We found that oral @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity2 reduced the incidence of emergence @entity4 in @entity0 after @entity6 anesthesia.

title: Oral @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity2 for prevention of postoperative agitation in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Several studies have reported that @entity6 was associated with a relatively high incidence of emergence @entity4 in @entity0 even in the absence of any surgical intervention. The aim of this study was to compare early @entity4 characteristics of oral @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity2 premedication in @entity0 who were given @entity6 anesthesia for esophageal dilatation. METHODS: Following Internal Review Board approval and parental informed consent, 100 ASA physical status I-II @entity0 (3-9  years old) who were scheduled to undergo general anesthesia for esophageal dilatation procedures were enrolled. The @entity0 were randomly assigned to four groups (n  =  25 in each). The premedications in the groups were saline (group P), @entity8 2.5   g/kg (group D), 0.5  mg/kg @entity2 (group MD), and @entity5 0.1  mg/kg (group ML), given orally. All premedication drugs were given with @entity3 2-2.5  mg/kg to be easily drinkable 40-45  min before anesthesia induction. Anesthesia was maintained with @entity6 2-4%, @entity7 50% in @entity1 . No supplemental analgesic agent was given, and an emergence @entity4 scale (EAS) was measured on admission to the PACU, then every 5 min, and recorded during the postoperative period: 1, awake and calm, cooperative; 2, crying, requires consoling; 3, irritable/restless, screaming, inconsolable; 4, combative, disoriented, thrashing. @entity0 with an @entity4 score of 3 or 4 were classified as agitated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among the four groups demographically. The emergence @entity4 scale was higher in the placebo group than in the others at 5, 10, and 15  min postoperatively (P  <  0.001). EA was similar among group D, group MD, and group ML. CONCLUSION: We found that oral @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity2 reduced the incidence of emergence @entity4 in @entity0 after @entity6 anesthesia.

title: Oral @entity5 , XXXX , and @entity2 for prevention of postoperative agitation in @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: Several studies have reported that @entity6 was associated with a relatively high incidence of emergence @entity4 in @entity0 even in the absence of any surgical intervention. The aim of this study was to compare early @entity4 characteristics of oral @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity2 premedication in @entity0 who were given @entity6 anesthesia for esophageal dilatation. METHODS: Following Internal Review Board approval and parental informed consent, 100 ASA physical status I-II @entity0 (3-9  years old) who were scheduled to undergo general anesthesia for esophageal dilatation procedures were enrolled. The @entity0 were randomly assigned to four groups (n  =  25 in each). The premedications in the groups were saline (group P), @entity8 2.5   g/kg (group D), 0.5  mg/kg @entity2 (group MD), and @entity5 0.1  mg/kg (group ML), given orally. All premedication drugs were given with @entity3 2-2.5  mg/kg to be easily drinkable 40-45  min before anesthesia induction. Anesthesia was maintained with @entity6 2-4%, @entity7 50% in @entity1 . No supplemental analgesic agent was given, and an emergence @entity4 scale (EAS) was measured on admission to the PACU, then every 5 min, and recorded during the postoperative period: 1, awake and calm, cooperative; 2, crying, requires consoling; 3, irritable/restless, screaming, inconsolable; 4, combative, disoriented, thrashing. @entity0 with an @entity4 score of 3 or 4 were classified as agitated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among the four groups demographically. The emergence @entity4 scale was higher in the placebo group than in the others at 5, 10, and 15  min postoperatively (P  <  0.001). EA was similar among group D, group MD, and group ML. CONCLUSION: We found that oral @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity2 reduced the incidence of emergence @entity4 in @entity0 after @entity6 anesthesia.

title: Oral XXXX , @entity8 , and @entity2 for prevention of postoperative agitation in @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: Several studies have reported that @entity6 was associated with a relatively high incidence of emergence @entity4 in @entity0 even in the absence of any surgical intervention. The aim of this study was to compare early @entity4 characteristics of oral @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity2 premedication in @entity0 who were given @entity6 anesthesia for esophageal dilatation. METHODS: Following Internal Review Board approval and parental informed consent, 100 ASA physical status I-II @entity0 (3-9  years old) who were scheduled to undergo general anesthesia for esophageal dilatation procedures were enrolled. The @entity0 were randomly assigned to four groups (n  =  25 in each). The premedications in the groups were saline (group P), @entity8 2.5   g/kg (group D), 0.5  mg/kg @entity2 (group MD), and @entity5 0.1  mg/kg (group ML), given orally. All premedication drugs were given with @entity3 2-2.5  mg/kg to be easily drinkable 40-45  min before anesthesia induction. Anesthesia was maintained with @entity6 2-4%, @entity7 50% in @entity1 . No supplemental analgesic agent was given, and an emergence @entity4 scale (EAS) was measured on admission to the PACU, then every 5 min, and recorded during the postoperative period: 1, awake and calm, cooperative; 2, crying, requires consoling; 3, irritable/restless, screaming, inconsolable; 4, combative, disoriented, thrashing. @entity0 with an @entity4 score of 3 or 4 were classified as agitated. RESULTS: There were no significant differences among the four groups demographically. The emergence @entity4 scale was higher in the placebo group than in the others at 5, 10, and 15  min postoperatively (P  <  0.001). EA was similar among group D, group MD, and group ML. CONCLUSION: We found that oral @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity2 reduced the incidence of emergence @entity4 in @entity0 after @entity6 anesthesia.

title: Oral @entity5 , @entity8 , and XXXX for prevention of postoperative agitation in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of @entity2 ( @entity1 ) consumption by adult female C57B1/6 @entity0 on lymphocyte populations of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were determined by feeding @entity0 with the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet by a pair-feeding paradigm. Histological analysis of the MLNs of @entity1 -fed @entity0 showed a progressive loss of lymphocytes from the medullary regions at 3, 5, and 7 days after initiation of the @entity1 diet. The stromal cells in the medullary region also demonstrated a progressive alteration in stellate morphological features at times corresponding to those of loss of lymphocytes from this region. Microscopic evaluation of the follicle regions of MLNs obtained from @entity0 fed an @entity1 -containing diet showed no appreciable alterations in morphological characteristics. The number of tingible body macrophages in the germinal centers of the follicles, however, was increased after 3 days of @entity1 diet feeding and declined progressively after this time. Flow cytometric analysis of isolated lymphocytes showed a depletion of both T and B cell populations from the MLNs. In contrast to B cells, however, T cells were depleted through 7 days of @entity1 diet feeding. Total RNA isolated from the MLNs of @entity0 consuming the @entity1 -containing diet was progressively degraded. No degradation of DNA was observed. These study results establish that continuous consumption of dietary @entity1 adversely affects the cellularity of MLN, resulting in a progressive loss of lymphocytes that is associated with degradation of total RNA.

title: XXXX -induced depletion of lymphocytes from the mesenteric lymph nodes of C57B1/6 @entity0 is associated with RNA but not DNA degradation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of @entity2 ( @entity1 ) consumption by adult female C57B1/6 @entity0 on lymphocyte populations of the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) were determined by feeding @entity0 with the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet by a pair-feeding paradigm. Histological analysis of the MLNs of @entity1 -fed @entity0 showed a progressive loss of lymphocytes from the medullary regions at 3, 5, and 7 days after initiation of the @entity1 diet. The stromal cells in the medullary region also demonstrated a progressive alteration in stellate morphological features at times corresponding to those of loss of lymphocytes from this region. Microscopic evaluation of the follicle regions of MLNs obtained from @entity0 fed an @entity1 -containing diet showed no appreciable alterations in morphological characteristics. The number of tingible body macrophages in the germinal centers of the follicles, however, was increased after 3 days of @entity1 diet feeding and declined progressively after this time. Flow cytometric analysis of isolated lymphocytes showed a depletion of both T and B cell populations from the MLNs. In contrast to B cells, however, T cells were depleted through 7 days of @entity1 diet feeding. Total RNA isolated from the MLNs of @entity0 consuming the @entity1 -containing diet was progressively degraded. No degradation of DNA was observed. These study results establish that continuous consumption of dietary @entity1 adversely affects the cellularity of MLN, resulting in a progressive loss of lymphocytes that is associated with degradation of total RNA.

title: @entity2 -induced depletion of lymphocytes from the mesenteric lymph nodes of C57B1/6 XXXX is associated with RNA but not DNA degradation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 mustard ( @entity8 , @entity4 ) is a potent cutaneous vesicant that causes gross blisters by separation of the epidermal-dermal junction (EDJ). The EDJ of the skin is a highly specialized and complex structure composed of several components and plays a major role in the integrity of the skin. The isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) was dosed with 0.2 mg/ml (n = 4), 5.0 mg/ml (n = 4), and 10.0 mg/ml (n = 5) @entity4 or @entity2 (n = 4) for 8 hr (dose-response study) and 10.0 mg/ml @entity4 or @entity2 for 1, 3, 5, and 8 hr (n = 4/treatment) (time-response study). Successful EDJ mapping was carried out in normal @entity3 skin (NPS), @entity2 -treated IPPSFs, and @entity4 -treated IPPSFs using the following antibodies: laminin, type IV collagen, fibronectin, GB3 ( @entity6 ), bullous pemphigoid (BP), and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Two mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies, L3d and 19-DEJ-1 (Uncein), did not cross-react with the EDJ of the pig. Antibody staining in NPS, ranging from very intense for laminin and type IV collagen to weak for fibronectin, was generally more discrete than in the IPPSF. No differences in staining were noted between the @entity2 and nonblistered areas of the @entity4 -treated IPPSFs. In @entity4 -blistered areas, BP stained only the epidermal hemidesmosomes, and laminin, fibronectin, and GB3 stained primarily the dermis with fragments attached to the basal pole of the stratum base cells, while type IV collagen and @entity7 stained only the dermis. Mapping of these epitopes determined that the precise plane of EDJ separation in the @entity4 -treated skin occurred beneath the hemidesmosomes within the upper portion of the lamina lucida. The conservation of @entity0 epitopes in the EDJ of the @entity3 further emphasizes the similarities between @entity0 skin and @entity3 skin. Therefore, @entity3 skin and the IPPSF may be used to study @entity4 -induced vesication and @entity5 .

title: Indirect immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy distribution of eight epidermal-dermal junction epitopes in the @entity3 and in isolated perfused skin treated with XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity1 mustard ( @entity8 , @entity4 ) is a potent cutaneous vesicant that causes gross blisters by separation of the epidermal-dermal junction (EDJ). The EDJ of the skin is a highly specialized and complex structure composed of several components and plays a major role in the integrity of the skin. The isolated perfused porcine skin flap (IPPSF) was dosed with 0.2 mg/ml (n = 4), 5.0 mg/ml (n = 4), and 10.0 mg/ml (n = 5) @entity4 or @entity2 (n = 4) for 8 hr (dose-response study) and 10.0 mg/ml @entity4 or @entity2 for 1, 3, 5, and 8 hr (n = 4/treatment) (time-response study). Successful EDJ mapping was carried out in normal @entity3 skin (NPS), @entity2 -treated IPPSFs, and @entity4 -treated IPPSFs using the following antibodies: laminin, type IV collagen, fibronectin, GB3 ( @entity6 ), bullous pemphigoid (BP), and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Two mouse anti-human monoclonal antibodies, L3d and 19-DEJ-1 (Uncein), did not cross-react with the EDJ of the pig. Antibody staining in NPS, ranging from very intense for laminin and type IV collagen to weak for fibronectin, was generally more discrete than in the IPPSF. No differences in staining were noted between the @entity2 and nonblistered areas of the @entity4 -treated IPPSFs. In @entity4 -blistered areas, BP stained only the epidermal hemidesmosomes, and laminin, fibronectin, and GB3 stained primarily the dermis with fragments attached to the basal pole of the stratum base cells, while type IV collagen and @entity7 stained only the dermis. Mapping of these epitopes determined that the precise plane of EDJ separation in the @entity4 -treated skin occurred beneath the hemidesmosomes within the upper portion of the lamina lucida. The conservation of @entity0 epitopes in the EDJ of the @entity3 further emphasizes the similarities between @entity0 skin and @entity3 skin. Therefore, @entity3 skin and the IPPSF may be used to study @entity4 -induced vesication and @entity5 .

title: Indirect immunohistochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy distribution of eight epidermal-dermal junction epitopes in the XXXX and in isolated perfused skin treated with @entity8 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The decision to perform surgical versus nonoperative palliation for unresectable @entity7 is influenced by a number of factors. In most cases, @entity0 symptoms clearly dictate the management. In @entity0 with symptoms of @entity11 at the time of presentation, surgery is the only option. In @entity0 with @entity10 , the options for management must be weighed against factors such as overall health status, projected survival, and procedure-related morbidity and mortality. A prospective multicenter trial recently analyzed factors influencing perioperative morbidity and mortality following both curative and palliative surgery for @entity7 . This analysis demonstrated that preoperative @entity3 , low Kanofsky's index, and liver @entity1 are significant risk factors in predicting perioperative morbidity and mortality in @entity0 undergoing palliative procedures for @entity7 . Another analysis focusing on @entity2 characteristics suggested that for @entity0 with Stage I and @entity4 (i.e., with no evidence of systemic @entity1 ), survival and the potential for late @entity11 . In summary, although @entity0 management must be individualized, most @entity0 with @entity7 in good medical health and with no evidence of @entity6 are most appropriately managed with surgical palliation. This option affords @entity0 the best chance of avoiding the late complications of recurrent @entity9 , @entity11 , and disabling @entity5 . @entity8 can generally be completed with an acceptable perioperative morbidity and mortality and a hospital stay of approximately 2 weeks. Finally, only surgical exploration can offer full opportunity for resection for cure.

title: XXXX of unresectable pancreatic carcinoma.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to report the 5-year outcomes of @entity5 -eluting stents (EES) and @entity4 -eluting stents (PES) in an all-comers population undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: The medium-term 1 and 2-year results of the prospective randomized COMPARE trial (A Trial of @entity5 -Eluting Stents and @entity4 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice) showed superior clinical outcomes with EES compared with PES in an all-comers PCI population. Whether this benefit is sustained over longer-term follow-up is unknown. Furthermore, systematic long-term follow-up data on these metallic drug eluting stents with durable polymers are scarce. METHODS: We randomly assigned 1,800 @entity0 undergoing PCI to EES or PES. The pre-specified composite primary endpoint was @entity1 , @entity2 ( @entity2 ), or target vessel revascularization (TVR). RESULTS: Follow-up at 5 years was completed in 1,791 (99.5%) @entity0 . Treatment with EES compared with PES led to a relative risk reduction of the primary endpoint by 27% (18.4% vs. 25.1%, p = 0.0005), driven by lower rates of @entity2 (7.0% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.001) and TVR (7.4% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.003), but not with mortality (9.0% vs. 10.3%, relative risk 0.88, p = 0.36). Moreover, @entity0 treated with EES compared with PES had lower rates of definite/probable stent @entity3 at 5 years (3.1% vs. 5.9%, p = 0.005). The hazard curves for TVR, @entity2 , and stent @entity3 diverge over the first 3 years and, subsequently, progress in parallel. CONCLUSIONS: The early- and medium-term superiority of EES over PES measured both by safety and efficacy endpoints is sustained at 5 years in this all-comer population. (A Trial of @entity5 -Eluting Stents and @entity4 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice [COMPARE]; NCT01016041).

title: Final 5-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial of XXXX - and @entity4 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice: The COMPARE Trial (A Trial of @entity5 -Eluting Stents and @entity4 Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice).

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to report the 5-year outcomes of @entity5 -eluting stents (EES) and @entity4 -eluting stents (PES) in an all-comers population undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: The medium-term 1 and 2-year results of the prospective randomized COMPARE trial (A Trial of @entity5 -Eluting Stents and @entity4 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice) showed superior clinical outcomes with EES compared with PES in an all-comers PCI population. Whether this benefit is sustained over longer-term follow-up is unknown. Furthermore, systematic long-term follow-up data on these metallic drug eluting stents with durable polymers are scarce. METHODS: We randomly assigned 1,800 @entity0 undergoing PCI to EES or PES. The pre-specified composite primary endpoint was @entity1 , @entity2 ( @entity2 ), or target vessel revascularization (TVR). RESULTS: Follow-up at 5 years was completed in 1,791 (99.5%) @entity0 . Treatment with EES compared with PES led to a relative risk reduction of the primary endpoint by 27% (18.4% vs. 25.1%, p = 0.0005), driven by lower rates of @entity2 (7.0% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.001) and TVR (7.4% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.003), but not with mortality (9.0% vs. 10.3%, relative risk 0.88, p = 0.36). Moreover, @entity0 treated with EES compared with PES had lower rates of definite/probable stent @entity3 at 5 years (3.1% vs. 5.9%, p = 0.005). The hazard curves for TVR, @entity2 , and stent @entity3 diverge over the first 3 years and, subsequently, progress in parallel. CONCLUSIONS: The early- and medium-term superiority of EES over PES measured both by safety and efficacy endpoints is sustained at 5 years in this all-comer population. (A Trial of @entity5 -Eluting Stents and @entity4 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice [COMPARE]; NCT01016041).

title: Final 5-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial of @entity5 - and @entity4 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice: The COMPARE Trial (A Trial of XXXX -Eluting Stents and @entity4 Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice).

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to report the 5-year outcomes of @entity5 -eluting stents (EES) and @entity4 -eluting stents (PES) in an all-comers population undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: The medium-term 1 and 2-year results of the prospective randomized COMPARE trial (A Trial of @entity5 -Eluting Stents and @entity4 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice) showed superior clinical outcomes with EES compared with PES in an all-comers PCI population. Whether this benefit is sustained over longer-term follow-up is unknown. Furthermore, systematic long-term follow-up data on these metallic drug eluting stents with durable polymers are scarce. METHODS: We randomly assigned 1,800 @entity0 undergoing PCI to EES or PES. The pre-specified composite primary endpoint was @entity1 , @entity2 ( @entity2 ), or target vessel revascularization (TVR). RESULTS: Follow-up at 5 years was completed in 1,791 (99.5%) @entity0 . Treatment with EES compared with PES led to a relative risk reduction of the primary endpoint by 27% (18.4% vs. 25.1%, p = 0.0005), driven by lower rates of @entity2 (7.0% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.001) and TVR (7.4% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.003), but not with mortality (9.0% vs. 10.3%, relative risk 0.88, p = 0.36). Moreover, @entity0 treated with EES compared with PES had lower rates of definite/probable stent @entity3 at 5 years (3.1% vs. 5.9%, p = 0.005). The hazard curves for TVR, @entity2 , and stent @entity3 diverge over the first 3 years and, subsequently, progress in parallel. CONCLUSIONS: The early- and medium-term superiority of EES over PES measured both by safety and efficacy endpoints is sustained at 5 years in this all-comer population. (A Trial of @entity5 -Eluting Stents and @entity4 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice [COMPARE]; NCT01016041).

title: Final 5-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial of @entity5 - and XXXX -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice: The COMPARE Trial (A Trial of @entity5 -Eluting Stents and @entity4 Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice).

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to report the 5-year outcomes of @entity5 -eluting stents (EES) and @entity4 -eluting stents (PES) in an all-comers population undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: The medium-term 1 and 2-year results of the prospective randomized COMPARE trial (A Trial of @entity5 -Eluting Stents and @entity4 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice) showed superior clinical outcomes with EES compared with PES in an all-comers PCI population. Whether this benefit is sustained over longer-term follow-up is unknown. Furthermore, systematic long-term follow-up data on these metallic drug eluting stents with durable polymers are scarce. METHODS: We randomly assigned 1,800 @entity0 undergoing PCI to EES or PES. The pre-specified composite primary endpoint was @entity1 , @entity2 ( @entity2 ), or target vessel revascularization (TVR). RESULTS: Follow-up at 5 years was completed in 1,791 (99.5%) @entity0 . Treatment with EES compared with PES led to a relative risk reduction of the primary endpoint by 27% (18.4% vs. 25.1%, p = 0.0005), driven by lower rates of @entity2 (7.0% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.001) and TVR (7.4% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.003), but not with mortality (9.0% vs. 10.3%, relative risk 0.88, p = 0.36). Moreover, @entity0 treated with EES compared with PES had lower rates of definite/probable stent @entity3 at 5 years (3.1% vs. 5.9%, p = 0.005). The hazard curves for TVR, @entity2 , and stent @entity3 diverge over the first 3 years and, subsequently, progress in parallel. CONCLUSIONS: The early- and medium-term superiority of EES over PES measured both by safety and efficacy endpoints is sustained at 5 years in this all-comer population. (A Trial of @entity5 -Eluting Stents and @entity4 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice [COMPARE]; NCT01016041).

title: Final 5-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial of @entity5 - and @entity4 -Eluting Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice: The COMPARE Trial (A Trial of @entity5 -Eluting Stents and XXXX Stents for Coronary Revascularization in Daily Practice).

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To study @entity0 diagnosed with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) based on conventional imaging techniques with phase-resolved Doppler optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect and localize blood flow in @entity3 ; and to compare these findings to conventional imaging, which are mostly invasive and give limited information concerning intra- and transretinal blood flow. DESIGN: Single-center, consecutive observational case series. METHODS: Twelve treatment-na  ve @entity0 diagnosed with @entity5 based on fundus examination, @entity2 angiography, and @entity6 angiography were included. Median age was 79 years (range 65-90). @entity0 were imaged with an experimental 1040  nm swept-source phase-resolved Doppler OCT instrument. Abnormal flow was defined as intraretinal neovascularization or @entity3 . RESULTS: In 11 @entity0 adequate phase-resolved Doppler OCT images were obtained showing @entity3 . In 4 @entity0 a @entity3 was found, 3 @entity0 showed intraretinal neovascularization connected with a @entity4 , 2 @entity0 showed only intraretinal neovascularization, and in 2 @entity0 flow was limited to the subretinal or sub-retinal pigment epithelial space. CONCLUSIONS: Phase-resolved Doppler OCT is able to detect and localize abnormal @entity3 . Blood flow was mostly confined to the intraretinal structures with or without a connecting @entity4 ; in one-third of @entity0 a @entity3 was detected. The potential of angiography with phase-resolved Doppler OCT to accurately distinguish between normal and pathologic blood flow in addition to structural OCT data without invasive procedures will help to further elucidate both @entity7 and  @entity1 like @entity5 .

title: Phase-resolved Doppler Optical Coherence Tomographic Features in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Of 104 @entity0 with @entity5 multiplex @entity6 treated between 1952 and 1982, 74 had significant knee @entity2 , instability, or recurvatum. The minimum follow-up period was two years. Nonoperative treatment modalities included physical therapy, bracing, and serial casting in 43 @entity0 (78 knees). Thirty-one other @entity0 (46 knees) had 62 operative procedures, including hamstring and posterior capsular release, epiphysiodesis, distal femoral or proximal @entity3 , arthrodesis, and @entity4 . Surgery was reserved for the more resistant causes and was recommended only as part of an overall treatment plan including the correction of foot and @entity1 . The average follow-up period for the surgically treated @entity0 was 11 years, with a range of two to 20 years. Recurrence of @entity1 was frequent, with no one procedure being clearly favored. Physiotherapy alone rarely resulted in clinically significant improvement unless accompanied by prolonged casting and bracing. The most useful surgical procedure in the growing @entity0 was posterior capsular release performed in conjunction with hamstring tenotomy. Contractures treated by osteotomies before the completion of growth had a high rate of recurrence.

title: The knee in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) mainly stimulates proliferation and maturation of myeloid progenitor cells. Although the signal transduction pathways triggered by @entity6 ( @entity6 ) have been extensively characterized, the roles of @entity6 signals in differentiation have remained to be elucidated. To examine the relationship between receptor expression and differentiation of hemopoietic cells, we used @entity1 (Tg- @entity1 ) that constitutively express @entity0 (h) @entity6 at almost all stages of hemopoietic cell development. Proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors in bone marrow cells from these Tg- @entity1 were analyzed by @entity5 colony formation assay. High affinity @entity6 interacts with @entity2 in a species-specific manner, therefore one can analyze the effects of hGMR signals on differentiation of @entity1 hemopoietic progenitors using @entity3 . Although @entity1 (m) @entity2 yielded only GM colonies, @entity3 supported various types of colonies including GM, eosinophil, mast cell, erythrocyte, megakaryocyte, blast cell, and mixed hemopoietic colonies. Thus, the effects of @entity3 on colony formation more closely resembled @entity4 than those of mGM-CSF. In addition, @entity3 generated a much larger number of blast cell colonies and mixed cell colonies than did @entity4 . @entity3 also generated erythrocyte colonies in the absence of @entity7 . Therefore, @entity2 apparently has the capacity to promote growth of cells of almost all hemopoietic cell lineages, if functional hGMR is present.

title: A XXXX @entity6 expressed in @entity1 stimulates proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors to all lineages in response to @entity0 @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) mainly stimulates proliferation and maturation of myeloid progenitor cells. Although the signal transduction pathways triggered by @entity6 ( @entity6 ) have been extensively characterized, the roles of @entity6 signals in differentiation have remained to be elucidated. To examine the relationship between receptor expression and differentiation of hemopoietic cells, we used @entity1 (Tg- @entity1 ) that constitutively express @entity0 (h) @entity6 at almost all stages of hemopoietic cell development. Proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors in bone marrow cells from these Tg- @entity1 were analyzed by @entity5 colony formation assay. High affinity @entity6 interacts with @entity2 in a species-specific manner, therefore one can analyze the effects of hGMR signals on differentiation of @entity1 hemopoietic progenitors using @entity3 . Although @entity1 (m) @entity2 yielded only GM colonies, @entity3 supported various types of colonies including GM, eosinophil, mast cell, erythrocyte, megakaryocyte, blast cell, and mixed hemopoietic colonies. Thus, the effects of @entity3 on colony formation more closely resembled @entity4 than those of mGM-CSF. In addition, @entity3 generated a much larger number of blast cell colonies and mixed cell colonies than did @entity4 . @entity3 also generated erythrocyte colonies in the absence of @entity7 . Therefore, @entity2 apparently has the capacity to promote growth of cells of almost all hemopoietic cell lineages, if functional hGMR is present.

title: A @entity0 @entity6 expressed in @entity1 stimulates proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors to all lineages in response to XXXX @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) mainly stimulates proliferation and maturation of myeloid progenitor cells. Although the signal transduction pathways triggered by @entity6 ( @entity6 ) have been extensively characterized, the roles of @entity6 signals in differentiation have remained to be elucidated. To examine the relationship between receptor expression and differentiation of hemopoietic cells, we used @entity1 (Tg- @entity1 ) that constitutively express @entity0 (h) @entity6 at almost all stages of hemopoietic cell development. Proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors in bone marrow cells from these Tg- @entity1 were analyzed by @entity5 colony formation assay. High affinity @entity6 interacts with @entity2 in a species-specific manner, therefore one can analyze the effects of hGMR signals on differentiation of @entity1 hemopoietic progenitors using @entity3 . Although @entity1 (m) @entity2 yielded only GM colonies, @entity3 supported various types of colonies including GM, eosinophil, mast cell, erythrocyte, megakaryocyte, blast cell, and mixed hemopoietic colonies. Thus, the effects of @entity3 on colony formation more closely resembled @entity4 than those of mGM-CSF. In addition, @entity3 generated a much larger number of blast cell colonies and mixed cell colonies than did @entity4 . @entity3 also generated erythrocyte colonies in the absence of @entity7 . Therefore, @entity2 apparently has the capacity to promote growth of cells of almost all hemopoietic cell lineages, if functional hGMR is present.

title: A @entity0 XXXX expressed in @entity1 stimulates proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors to all lineages in response to @entity0 @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) mainly stimulates proliferation and maturation of myeloid progenitor cells. Although the signal transduction pathways triggered by @entity6 ( @entity6 ) have been extensively characterized, the roles of @entity6 signals in differentiation have remained to be elucidated. To examine the relationship between receptor expression and differentiation of hemopoietic cells, we used @entity1 (Tg- @entity1 ) that constitutively express @entity0 (h) @entity6 at almost all stages of hemopoietic cell development. Proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors in bone marrow cells from these Tg- @entity1 were analyzed by @entity5 colony formation assay. High affinity @entity6 interacts with @entity2 in a species-specific manner, therefore one can analyze the effects of hGMR signals on differentiation of @entity1 hemopoietic progenitors using @entity3 . Although @entity1 (m) @entity2 yielded only GM colonies, @entity3 supported various types of colonies including GM, eosinophil, mast cell, erythrocyte, megakaryocyte, blast cell, and mixed hemopoietic colonies. Thus, the effects of @entity3 on colony formation more closely resembled @entity4 than those of mGM-CSF. In addition, @entity3 generated a much larger number of blast cell colonies and mixed cell colonies than did @entity4 . @entity3 also generated erythrocyte colonies in the absence of @entity7 . Therefore, @entity2 apparently has the capacity to promote growth of cells of almost all hemopoietic cell lineages, if functional hGMR is present.

title: A @entity0 @entity6 expressed in @entity1 stimulates proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors to all lineages in response to @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) mainly stimulates proliferation and maturation of myeloid progenitor cells. Although the signal transduction pathways triggered by @entity6 ( @entity6 ) have been extensively characterized, the roles of @entity6 signals in differentiation have remained to be elucidated. To examine the relationship between receptor expression and differentiation of hemopoietic cells, we used @entity1 (Tg- @entity1 ) that constitutively express @entity0 (h) @entity6 at almost all stages of hemopoietic cell development. Proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors in bone marrow cells from these Tg- @entity1 were analyzed by @entity5 colony formation assay. High affinity @entity6 interacts with @entity2 in a species-specific manner, therefore one can analyze the effects of hGMR signals on differentiation of @entity1 hemopoietic progenitors using @entity3 . Although @entity1 (m) @entity2 yielded only GM colonies, @entity3 supported various types of colonies including GM, eosinophil, mast cell, erythrocyte, megakaryocyte, blast cell, and mixed hemopoietic colonies. Thus, the effects of @entity3 on colony formation more closely resembled @entity4 than those of mGM-CSF. In addition, @entity3 generated a much larger number of blast cell colonies and mixed cell colonies than did @entity4 . @entity3 also generated erythrocyte colonies in the absence of @entity7 . Therefore, @entity2 apparently has the capacity to promote growth of cells of almost all hemopoietic cell lineages, if functional hGMR is present.

title: A @entity0 @entity6 expressed in XXXX stimulates proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitors to all lineages in response to @entity0 @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: As part of a larger study designed to characterize the early developmental stages of the Hormel-Hanford strain miniature @entity2 , the brain, kidney, liver, pancreas, and spleen from male animals were examined for changes in RNA, DNA, and protein contents from 1 to 196 d after birth. Distinct patterns were found for changes with age in macromolecular levels. Protein levels increased from d 1 to 56 in all organs except spleen, in which little change was noted. Gel electrophoresis showed little qualitative change in the liver protein profile during this period. A fat-free, non-nucleic acid, protein-containing fraction, insoluble in hot alkali, appeared in the brain after approximately 1 wk following birth. DNA concentrations decreased markedly from d 1 to d 196 for brain, kidney, and spleen but decreased more gradually for liver and pancreas. RNA levels declined slightly or remained the same in all organs except pancreas, where a large increase occurred from d 1 to weaning (56 d). Growth proceeded in all organs by increases in cell number ( @entity1 ), as evidenced by increases in total (level or concentration x organ weight) DNA, or by @entity0 , as evidenced by increases in the ratio of protein to DNA or by a combination of both processes. @entity0 growth was attained by d 56 and continued to sexual maturity in all organs except spleen. @entity3 growth continued to sexual maturity in all organs except brain.

title: Growth patterns in selected organs of the miniature XXXX as determined by gross macromolecular composition.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The electrical and motor activity of the terminal ileum after proctocolectomy and ileoanal reservoir was evaluated in seven @entity0 who had undergone surgery for @entity1 . Recordings were carried out with an intraluminal probe under fasting conditions, during stepwise distention of the pouch, in the postprandial state and after administration of @entity2 and @entity3 . Ileal sensitivity was also studied. Phase III of the interdigestive myoelectric motor complex, when detectable (four @entity0 ), was characterized by regular spike bursts superimposed on slow waves at a frequency of 9 cycles per minute. Two different types of motor patterns were observed: short phasic waves lasting 2 to 6 seconds and long tonic waves lasting up to 2 minutes. In most cases, the amplitude and frequency of the pressure events were higher in the efferent limb than in the reservoir. Electrical activity of the surrounding rectal muscle and striated sphincters was also recorded. When distended to the maximum tolerable volume, the reservoir showed spike bursts propagated aborally at a frequency of 15 per minute, leading to large propulsive waves. An overall increase of spike activity was observed after a meal, which did not affect the slow waves. @entity2 caused an irregular increase of electrical and motor activity, more evident in the efferent limb. @entity3 , used to test the functional integrity of the myenteric plexus, elicited strong propulsive contractions and urgency. Leakage did not occur frequently either at rest or under stimuli. Onset of sensation was elicited with volumes of 271 +/- 149 ml (Mean +/- SD) in the reservoir and 17 +/- 6 ml in the efferent loop of small bowel (P less than 0.001). IN CONCLUSION: 1) most of the electrical and motor properties of the terminal ileum are retained after surgery; 2) due to its large capacity, the reservoir acts as a storage organ; and 3) overall motility is reduced in the pouch when compared with the distal ileum and propulsion in the triple-loop system is opposed by the activity of the anal sphincters.

title: Myoelectric and motor activity of the terminal ileum after pelvic pouch for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 in @entity0 with nonislet cell @entity1 is often secondary to overexpression of @entity1 @entity8 . In these @entity0 the formation of serum complexes between IGFs, @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is impaired. An 87-yr-old @entity0 with nonislet cell @entity1 resulting from a localized fibrous @entity1 was treated for 97 days with graded doses of @entity4 (30, 10, and 5 mg/day) followed by GH (1, 4, 8, 4, and 2 U/day). Both @entity4 and GH alleviated the @entity7 , concomitantly with increases in @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity6 levels. Pretreatment serum @entity10 and @entity11 levels were greatly elevated, but as @entity2 normalized with treatment, only @entity10 decreased, showing an inverse correlation with @entity2 (r = 0.716). @entity9 gave a variable pattern not clearly related to blood @entity2 . Both treatments caused a redistribution of serum @entity5 from binary- to ternary-complexed forms. However, only @entity4 improved the ability of @entity5 to bind @entity6 in vitro. @entity4 also suppressed @entity8 , the effect being confined to pro- @entity8 forms. Compared with normal @entity8 , pro- @entity8 inhibited @entity6 binding to @entity5 in vitro. Although @entity4 and GH reverse @entity7 by different mechanisms, with only @entity4 suppressing @entity1 @entity8 secretion, both increase the formation of ternary IGF- @entity5 complexes. We conclude that the failure of serum @entity5 and @entity1 @entity8 to complex with @entity6 is a primary cause of @entity7 in nonislet cell @entity1 .

title: Regulation of the insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins by glucocorticoid and growth hormone in nonislet cell XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: One hundred consecutive cases treated by Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy (TUMT) since October 1991 were analysed to assess its efficacy and safety. Out of these, 28 were in urinary retention. @entity0 were selected based on Madsen Symptom Score (MSS), Uroflowmetry, Transrectal Ultrasound Scanning (TRUS) plus biopsy and flexible cystoscopy. In the non-retention group, symptomatic improvement was 81%; mean MSS dropped from 13.6 to 2.6 at one year. Objective improvement was less marked: mean peak urine flowrate (PFR) (+45%), mean residual volume (-63%) and mean prostatic volume (-15%). 8.3% had failed TUMT requiring TURP. In the retention group, 79% was able to void freely after TUMT. Fourteen percent underwent TURP. Based on given criteria, the overall response rate for MSS and PFR averaged 71% at 3 months, 72% at 6 months and 84% at 1 year. Sixty-seven percent of @entity0 who responded to a phone interview were satisfied with TUMT treatment. Minimal morbidity was encountered: temporary retention for non-retention group (24%), UTI (9%), haematuria (7%), @entity3 (2%) and @entity2 (1%). There was no treatment-related @entity1 . The results showed that TUMT is a viable alternative and safe treatment of @entity4 .

title: Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) for XXXX ( @entity4 )--our first 100 cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: One hundred consecutive cases treated by Transurethral Microwave Thermotherapy (TUMT) since October 1991 were analysed to assess its efficacy and safety. Out of these, 28 were in urinary retention. @entity0 were selected based on Madsen Symptom Score (MSS), Uroflowmetry, Transrectal Ultrasound Scanning (TRUS) plus biopsy and flexible cystoscopy. In the non-retention group, symptomatic improvement was 81%; mean MSS dropped from 13.6 to 2.6 at one year. Objective improvement was less marked: mean peak urine flowrate (PFR) (+45%), mean residual volume (-63%) and mean prostatic volume (-15%). 8.3% had failed TUMT requiring TURP. In the retention group, 79% was able to void freely after TUMT. Fourteen percent underwent TURP. Based on given criteria, the overall response rate for MSS and PFR averaged 71% at 3 months, 72% at 6 months and 84% at 1 year. Sixty-seven percent of @entity0 who responded to a phone interview were satisfied with TUMT treatment. Minimal morbidity was encountered: temporary retention for non-retention group (24%), UTI (9%), haematuria (7%), @entity3 (2%) and @entity2 (1%). There was no treatment-related @entity1 . The results showed that TUMT is a viable alternative and safe treatment of @entity4 .

title: Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) for @entity4 ( XXXX )--our first 100 cases.

answer: @entity4