abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is a common problem in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). It is unclear which pharmacologic treatment is the most effective and the least harmful. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of pharmacologic treatments for @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity2 Group's Trials Register (June 2010), reference lists of relevant articles and conference proceedings. Regulatory agencies were used as additional sources of information on adverse effects. SELECTION CRITERIA: Adequately and quasi-randomized controlled blinded or unblinded trials in @entity0 and adults with @entity2 . EXPERIMENTAL INTERVENTION: pharmacologic treatments for @entity3 without restrictions regarding dose, route of administration, frequency, or duration. Control intervention: placebo treatment or no treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two teams of reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information. We collected adverse effects from the trials.Information about study population, type of intervention, outcome measures, and study design were extracted from the selected studies. Trial quality was evaluated with the criteria: randomization, allocation concealment, blinding, handling of incomplete outcome data, freedom from selective reporting and freedom from other bias.The impact of missing data on the study results was explored with sensitivity analyses comparing the results from the analyses of study completers with those from best- and worst-case scenarios. MAIN RESULTS: Two trials (70 @entity0 ) were included. One trial (28 @entity0 ) compared treatment with @entity6 for five weeks to placebo. The other trial (42 @entity0 ) compared treatment with @entity5 for twelve weeks to placebo. Both trials had a significant number of @entity0 lost to follow-up or with missing outcome measurements.There was a trend towards efficacy of both treatments compared to placebo, but this difference was not statistically significant except for one outcome. Confidence intervals were wide in all analyses and our sensitivity analysis showed that the missing data may have had an important effect in both trials, with large differences between best-case and worst-case scenarios for all assessed outcomes.Both treatments were associated with adverse effects, with significantly more @entity0 treated with @entity5 suffering from @entity4 or @entity1 . Given the difference in trial duration and type of drug, we decided not to perform a meta-analysis. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity6 and @entity5 show a trend towards efficacy in @entity3 in @entity2 the short term, but both treatments were associated with adverse effects, with significantly more @entity0 treated with @entity5 suffering from @entity4 or @entity1 . Further clinical research on the treatment of @entity3 in @entity2 is clearly needed. Future trials should address the efficacy and tolerability in the long term and compare antidepressant treatments head-to-head.

title: Pharmacologic treatment of XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is a common problem in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). It is unclear which pharmacologic treatment is the most effective and the least harmful. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy and tolerability of pharmacologic treatments for @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity2 Group's Trials Register (June 2010), reference lists of relevant articles and conference proceedings. Regulatory agencies were used as additional sources of information on adverse effects. SELECTION CRITERIA: Adequately and quasi-randomized controlled blinded or unblinded trials in @entity0 and adults with @entity2 . EXPERIMENTAL INTERVENTION: pharmacologic treatments for @entity3 without restrictions regarding dose, route of administration, frequency, or duration. Control intervention: placebo treatment or no treatment. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two teams of reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. We contacted study authors for additional information. We collected adverse effects from the trials.Information about study population, type of intervention, outcome measures, and study design were extracted from the selected studies. Trial quality was evaluated with the criteria: randomization, allocation concealment, blinding, handling of incomplete outcome data, freedom from selective reporting and freedom from other bias.The impact of missing data on the study results was explored with sensitivity analyses comparing the results from the analyses of study completers with those from best- and worst-case scenarios. MAIN RESULTS: Two trials (70 @entity0 ) were included. One trial (28 @entity0 ) compared treatment with @entity6 for five weeks to placebo. The other trial (42 @entity0 ) compared treatment with @entity5 for twelve weeks to placebo. Both trials had a significant number of @entity0 lost to follow-up or with missing outcome measurements.There was a trend towards efficacy of both treatments compared to placebo, but this difference was not statistically significant except for one outcome. Confidence intervals were wide in all analyses and our sensitivity analysis showed that the missing data may have had an important effect in both trials, with large differences between best-case and worst-case scenarios for all assessed outcomes.Both treatments were associated with adverse effects, with significantly more @entity0 treated with @entity5 suffering from @entity4 or @entity1 . Given the difference in trial duration and type of drug, we decided not to perform a meta-analysis. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity6 and @entity5 show a trend towards efficacy in @entity3 in @entity2 the short term, but both treatments were associated with adverse effects, with significantly more @entity0 treated with @entity5 suffering from @entity4 or @entity1 . Further clinical research on the treatment of @entity3 in @entity2 is clearly needed. Future trials should address the efficacy and tolerability in the long term and compare antidepressant treatments head-to-head.

title: Pharmacologic treatment of @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Five healthy volunteers were dermally exposed for 1 h to 0.75-2.25 mumol @entity2 ( @entity0 ) dissolved in @entity1 , by use of a patch-test technique. Determination of @entity0 remaining in the patch units after exposure showed that a median of 28% (range 25-29%) was absorbed. By analysis of hydrolysed plasma, an initial accumulation of @entity0 could be shown, and then a decline. @entity0 was also detected in hydrolysed urine. The maximum rate of @entity0 excretion in urine was found 6-11 h after the onset of exposure. Within two subjects studied at three doses, the urinary excretion was proportional to the exposure. The elimination half-lives (elim-t1/2) in plasma and urine had medians of 13 and 7 h, respectively. In eight out of nine exposures, the elim-t1/2 was longer in plasma than in urine. Slow acetylation seemed to be associated with short elim-t1/2 in urine. The median of total @entity0 amount excreted in urine during 48 h, was 33 nmol for the five subjects exposed to 0.75 mumol, which corresponded to roughly 16% (range 2%-26%) of the absorbed dose while only a limited number of individuals were studied, the data still indicated that @entity0 in hydrolysed plasma or urine can be used for biological monitoring of occupational dermal exposure. However, the individual variation must be taken into account. Sampling should preferably be made several hours post shift. Urine is preferred before plasma at low exposures, because of its higher concentrations of @entity0 .

title: Biomonitoring of XXXX by measurement in hydrolysed urine and plasma after epicutaneous exposure in humans.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To add to the evidence base for safe and effective paediatric conscious sedation techniques in primary dental care. OBJECTIVE: To consider the safety and effectiveness of an alternative sedation technique for facilitating dental treatment in anxious @entity0 , thereby avoiding dental general anaesthetic. SETTING: Leagrave Dental Sedation Clinic. A primary care-based general and referral clinic for anxious @entity0 , special care dentistry and oral surgery. SUBJECTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective service evaluation of 114 selected anxious @entity0 requiring invasive dental treatment. Each @entity0 was administered 0.25 mg/kg intranasal @entity5 using a concentrated 40 mg/ml @entity5 (INM) in 2% @entity7 solution. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Successful completion of intended dental treatment with a @entity0 who is co-operative and who meets the UK accepted definition of conscious sedation. RESULTS: 57% of the @entity0 found the administration of the new formulation acceptable. Of the 114 @entity0 who received INM, 104 completed the treatment (91%). The 10 @entity0 who could not complete the treatment with INM were converted to intravenous sedation and treatment was completed successfully at the same appointment. During treatment there was no desaturation and only one @entity0 desaturated briefly in the recovery area. Parents rated the technique acceptable in 76% of cases and would have the procedure repeated in 83% of cases. Parents rated this technique as having 8.3 out of 10 with only 5 parents awarding a score of less than 7 out of 10. Side effects included @entity2 , sneezing, @entity1 , @entity6 with one @entity0 having post-operative @entity3 and @entity4 . CONCLUSION: In selected cases intranasal sedation provides a safe and effective alternative for dental GA in short invasive procedures limited to one or two quadrants in @entity0 . Other techniques, e.g., oral and intravenous sedation, appear to have a much higher acceptability of administration. This technique may be useful if inhalation sedation, oral sedation or intravenous sedation is considered and the @entity0 is still unco-operative, either as a technique on its own or to facilitate cannulation for intravenous sedation. It is recommended that this technique should only be used by dentists skilled in intravenous paediatric sedation with @entity5 with the appropriate staff training and equipment at their disposal.

title: The safety and efficacy of using a concentrated intranasal XXXX formulation for paediatric dental sedation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: 1. On storage of @entity0 liver mitochondria at 0 degrees , water content, total @entity1 content and leakage of protein all rose steadily over a 72hr. period. The initial ratio of intramitochondrial to extramitochondrial @entity1 concentration lay between 18 and 24. Initially this rose, but it then fell to 1.9 at the end of storage. The concentration gradient between internal and external @entity3 was relatively constant throughout the period. These processes were accentuated at 22 degrees and 40 degrees , the concentration gradient reaching 70mumoles/ml., water content rising to 8.3mg./mg. dry wt. and protein leakage reaching 42% of total mitochondrial protein. ;Swelling agents' produced no correlated changes in @entity1 production and swelling. 2. Added @entity4 was not concentrated within the pellet of whole or disrupted mitochondria. Endogenous @entity3 were distributed evenly between the pellet and the supernatant of disrupted mitochondria. It is concluded that @entity3 are produced within mitochondria and that adsorption and uptake from the medium do not contribute significantly to @entity3 in the pellet. 3. @entity2 , a lysosome protectant, increased @entity1 production by @entity0 liver mitochondria. Treatment with Triton X-100 and disruption by freezing and thawing showed that 56% of proteolytic activity was ;free' in whole mitochondria, whereas only 11% of acid phosphatase activity, a lysosomal enzyme, was ;free'. 4. ;Light' mitochondria contained 30% more neutral proteolytic activity but 300% more acid phosphatase activity than ;heavy' mitochondria. 5. Electron micrographs of mitochondrial preparations showed less than one particle in 500 that could be identified as a lysosome. Treatment with @entity6 disrupted the structure of roughly 50% of the mitochondria; the rest appeared to retain their membrane, cristae and ground substance. Freezing and thawing caused gross swelling and loss of ground substance and rupture of external membranes. 6. Of the recovered proteolytic activity, 81% at pH7.4 and 70% at pH5.8 were found in the high-speed supernatant of broken mitochondria. A further fivefold increase in specific activity was found in the first protein fraction obtained by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration. 7. Between 60 and 80% of proteolytic activity was found in the 40-60%-saturated @entity5 precipitate. Almost all of the soluble-fraction proteolytic activity could be recovered in a pH5.0 supernatant. 8. The results give no support to the view that mitochondrial neutral proteolytic activity reflects lysosomal content. 9. The possible role of intramitochondrial @entity1 production and the proteolysis of internal barriers in passive swelling of mitochondria is discussed.

title: The localization of proteolytic activity in XXXX liver mitochondria and its relation to mitochondrial swelling and aging.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. Activated hepatic lipocytes are central to the pathogenesis of liver @entity2 as the principal source of both interstitial collagens and matrix-degrading metalloproteinases. In progressive @entity2 there is a failure to degrade interstitial collagens with a reported decrease in collagenase activity. In these studies we investigate expression of the potent collagenase inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and interstitial collagenase in end-stage @entity4 and activated @entity0 hepatic lipocytes in culture. 2. Messenger RNA transcripts for interstitial collagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in explanted @entity0 liver were quantified by ribonuclease protection assay and densitometric analysis. This indicated that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and interstitial collagenase expression in @entity4 were also coordinately up-regulated. 3. Using Northern analysis of RNA from @entity0 lipocytes in primary culture on plastic, mRNA for interstitial collagenase could not be detected in unstimulated cells but was present after stimulation with @entity1 factor alpha. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 mRNA was present in unstimulated lipocytes and up-regulated fivefold in response to @entity1 factor alpha. Using activity assay of serum-free conditioned media, interstitial collagenase could not be detected in unstimulated primary cultures, primary cultures stimulated with @entity1 factor alpha or @entity3 (n = 3 and n = 4 respectively) or in passaged lipocytes (n = 6). In contrast, free tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 activity was present in unstimulated and passaged cultures and this was increased in response to @entity1 factor alpha and transforming growth factor @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-I and interstitial collagenase expression in XXXX and activated @entity0 hepatic lipocytes.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. Activated hepatic lipocytes are central to the pathogenesis of liver @entity2 as the principal source of both interstitial collagens and matrix-degrading metalloproteinases. In progressive @entity2 there is a failure to degrade interstitial collagens with a reported decrease in collagenase activity. In these studies we investigate expression of the potent collagenase inhibitor, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1, and interstitial collagenase in end-stage @entity4 and activated @entity0 hepatic lipocytes in culture. 2. Messenger RNA transcripts for interstitial collagenase and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 in explanted @entity0 liver were quantified by ribonuclease protection assay and densitometric analysis. This indicated that tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 and interstitial collagenase expression in @entity4 were also coordinately up-regulated. 3. Using Northern analysis of RNA from @entity0 lipocytes in primary culture on plastic, mRNA for interstitial collagenase could not be detected in unstimulated cells but was present after stimulation with @entity1 factor alpha. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 mRNA was present in unstimulated lipocytes and up-regulated fivefold in response to @entity1 factor alpha. Using activity assay of serum-free conditioned media, interstitial collagenase could not be detected in unstimulated primary cultures, primary cultures stimulated with @entity1 factor alpha or @entity3 (n = 3 and n = 4 respectively) or in passaged lipocytes (n = 6). In contrast, free tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 activity was present in unstimulated and passaged cultures and this was increased in response to @entity1 factor alpha and transforming growth factor @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-I and interstitial collagenase expression in @entity4 and activated XXXX hepatic lipocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical enucleation is the treatment of choice in selected @entity0 with @entity11 . The video-thoracoscopic approach can potentially cause less @entity0 discomfort postoperatively and reduce the hospital stay and recovery period. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective evaluation of 66 @entity0 who underwent surgical therapy for @entity11 over a 27-year period was done. The main symptoms were @entity8 in 35 (53 percent) @entity0 , @entity5 , or both, in 11 (17 percent) @entity0 , and @entity4 in ten (15 percent) @entity0 . Associated @entity7 were found in 19 @entity0 (some @entity0 had @entity2 ): @entity6 in 15 (23 percent), @entity12 in four (6 percent), and @entity9 in three (5 percent). The operation consisted of @entity10 enucleation in 63 @entity0 , and esophageal resection in three. In six @entity0 , the enucleation was successfully performed by video-thoracoscopy combined with intraoperative esophagoscopy. The muscle layer of the esophagus was approximated in the majority of the @entity0 after @entity1 enucleation. RESULTS: There was no operative mortality. The incidence of intraoperative esophageal perforation was greater in @entity0 who had previously undergone endoscopic biopsy (p < 0.01). In one @entity0 , a pseudodiverticulum developed after thoracoscopic enucleation, requiring reoperation with approximation of the muscle layer for relief of @entity8 . The length of hospital stay was shorter in @entity0 undergoing the video-assisted operation (p < 0.05). The median follow-up period was 53 months (range, 12 to 248 months). No recurrence of @entity10 was observed. Overall, seven (11 percent) @entity0 complained of heartburn or @entity4 , or both, which was responsive to antisecretory drugs, but only three had such symptoms induced by the operation. In two @entity0 the symptoms appeared after combined treatment of an @entity12 , and in one @entity0 after simple @entity10 enucleation. CONCLUSIONS: Enucleation of @entity11 is a safe and effective operation. The video-thoracoscopic approach combined with intraoperative esophagoscopy allows performance of this procedure with the added advantage of shortening hospital stay. The muscle layer of the esophagus should be approximated to avoid decreasing the propulsive activity of the esophageal body. This may improve the long-term outcome of the operation by preserving the acid-clearing mechanism of the esophagus and reducing the incidence of @entity3 .

title: Surgical therapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: The pulmonary artery (PA) pressure and pulmonary resistance at rest have been noted to vary spontaneously in @entity0 with @entity1 . To evaluate this variation, in 12 @entity0 (8 @entity0 , 4 @entity0 , aged 43 +/- 13 years), hourly measurements were made for 6 consecutive hours of heart rate, systemic and PA pressures, cardiac output, systemic and pulmonary resistance. After these baseline measurements the @entity0 were tested with @entity3 and @entity2 therapy. Spontaneous variability in pulmonary pressures and resistances occurred in each @entity0 , with the amount of variation (coefficient of variation) in PA pressure averaging 8% and in total pulmonary resistance 13% over the 6 hours. The @entity0 with the most variability in mean PA pressure also had the most variability in cardiac output (r = 0.69, p = 0.02). Variability also correlated with the severity of the disease, as the @entity0 with the highest total pulmonary resistances also had the most variation for that factor (r = 0.91, p less than 0.01). The amount of variability did not correlate, however, with the acute response to either @entity3 or @entity2 administration. Based on the average coefficients of variation in these 12 @entity0 , estimates were obtained of the percent change needed for an observed change to be attributed to a drug effect with 95% confidence. From these estimates, it was projected that for a single @entity0 , a mean change in pulmonary resistance of 36% or a mean change in PA pressure of 22% would be required in order to attribute the changes to a drug effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Magnitude and implications of spontaneous hemodynamic variability in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The influence of dilution on apolipoprotein (apo) A-I-containing subpopulations was studied in @entity0 plasma. Agarose electrophoresis and two-dimensional agarose nondenaturing gradient @entity1 gel electrophoresis were used. Both in one- and two-dimensional electrophoresis, an increase of charge was observed that resulted in an increase of subpopulations with pre-alpha mobility. Dilution of plasma also resulted in a decrease in the size of apo A-I-containing pre- @entity2 subpopulations. The existence of smaller pre- @entity2 particles was confirmed by subjecting undiluted and 8x diluted plasma to 3% to 16% nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis for 4 hours. In addition to the generally observed pre- @entity2 subpopulations, smaller particles similar in size to the free apo A-I were detected even in the undiluted plasma. During dilution, the proportion of larger pre- @entity2 particles decreased while the smaller ones increased, and in 8x diluted plasma, almost all the pre- @entity2 was present in smaller sizes. Using 3% to 35% nondenaturing @entity1 gels run for 24 hours, no pre- @entity2 particles could be detected in 8x diluted plasma because the small pre- @entity2 electrophoresed out. These studies show that pre- @entity2 particles can be converted to smaller ones during dilution. It also was demonstrated that "free apo A-I-like" pre- @entity2 particles are present in undiluted plasma. The presence of these particles may have important physiological and pathophysiological functions.

title: Presence and formation of 'free apolipoprotein A-I-like' particles in XXXX plasma.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Thirty-two feet in 23 @entity0 treated for @entity3 by @entity1 have been evaluated. The age at operation ranged from 9 months to 8 years (mean 3.2 years). The follow-up ranged from 2.8 to 19.1 years (mean 9.2 years). In eight feet Green-Grice extraarticular subtalar arthrodesis was performed as part of a one-stage procedure. Eight of all operated feet required a second surgery 2.2 years after the first operation. In all the reoperated feet the Green-Grice arthrodesis was performed as well. Clinical examination found excellent results in five feet, good results in 12, fair results in nine, and poor results in six feet. The severe type of @entity2 , and less extensive surgical procedures contributed to worse clinical results. Poor clinical results were associated with persistent equinus of the hindfoot, abduction of the forefoot, restriction of supination and eversion, and weakness of push-off power. X-ray examination showed excellent results in three feet, good in nine, fair in 13, and poor in seven feet. Poor radiological results were observed in @entity0 operated on after the fourth year of age. In most of the feet the navicular remained dislocated dorsally, dorsally and medially, and dorsally and laterally toward the head of the talus. A divergence between a relatively good appearance of the operated foot and a worse radiographic image has been observed. The Green-Grice extraarticular subtalar arthrodesis combined with the @entity1 method led to overcorrection in seven feet.

title: @entity3 : a retrospective and critical review of 32 feet operated on by XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Thirty-two feet in 23 @entity0 treated for @entity3 by @entity1 have been evaluated. The age at operation ranged from 9 months to 8 years (mean 3.2 years). The follow-up ranged from 2.8 to 19.1 years (mean 9.2 years). In eight feet Green-Grice extraarticular subtalar arthrodesis was performed as part of a one-stage procedure. Eight of all operated feet required a second surgery 2.2 years after the first operation. In all the reoperated feet the Green-Grice arthrodesis was performed as well. Clinical examination found excellent results in five feet, good results in 12, fair results in nine, and poor results in six feet. The severe type of @entity2 , and less extensive surgical procedures contributed to worse clinical results. Poor clinical results were associated with persistent equinus of the hindfoot, abduction of the forefoot, restriction of supination and eversion, and weakness of push-off power. X-ray examination showed excellent results in three feet, good in nine, fair in 13, and poor in seven feet. Poor radiological results were observed in @entity0 operated on after the fourth year of age. In most of the feet the navicular remained dislocated dorsally, dorsally and medially, and dorsally and laterally toward the head of the talus. A divergence between a relatively good appearance of the operated foot and a worse radiographic image has been observed. The Green-Grice extraarticular subtalar arthrodesis combined with the @entity1 method led to overcorrection in seven feet.

title: XXXX : a retrospective and critical review of 32 feet operated on by @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a cause of considerable morbidity and mortality in the elderly population. A prospective assessment of acute @entity1 in three community-based long-stay homes is described. METHODS: A cohort study of @entity2 was performed in three community-based nursing homes, involving 572 residents over an 8-month period. @entity1 cases were enrolled on the basis of the acute onset of loose stools of > or = 24 hours, as well as one of the following: a rectal temperature of > or = 100 degrees F, dehydration, positive occult blood, > or = 48 hours duration, or as a part of any outbreak. Stool cultures for @entity4 were performed on all NH 1 @entity0 . RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity3 cases were ascertained, consistent with incidence rates of 14.6, 36.4, and 6.7 cases/100 @entity0 years in NH 1, @entity5 , and @entity6 , respectively. Requiring a Foley catheter (OR = 2.57; 95% CI, 0.93, 7.09) increased @entity1 risk. Six @entity4 enteritis cases and an episode attributable to Aeromonas/Pleisomonas species were diagnosed. One @entity4 @entity1 case was imported from hospital to NH 1. Ten of 12 fecal excretors resided in close geographic clusters in NH 1, where a majority of the latter were mobile and incontinent of stool. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 was a common disease in the study nursing homes, for which specific risk factors were identified. A predominant role for @entity4 in the taxonomy of nursing home @entity1 was suggested.

title: XXXX in three community-based nursing homes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This paper reviews the subject of @entity7 complex and presents data in eight cases of this condition, admitted to Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia over a period of 8.5 years. The average age at presentation was 53 months. @entity5 were the most common presenting feature. Male to female ratio was 3:1. Family history was present in four @entity0 . All of the @entity0 had one or more @entity3 . Six of them had retinal in six @entity0 . Two @entity0 had @entity2 . A high index of @entity8 . @entity1 were found in two @entity0 . @entity6 were detected in six @entity0 . Two @entity0 had @entity2 . A high index of suspicion and a detailed physical examination is required to diagnose this @entity4 .

title: XXXX complex: a review with a study of eight cases.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Guidelines recommended oral anticoagulant (OAC) for @entity2 @entity0 related to @entity3 ( @entity3 ). But, underprescription or underdose of @entity4 was observed worldwide. We aimed to explore if the use of antithrombotic therapy in nonvalvular @entity3 (NVAF) @entity2 @entity0 improved after novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) became available.Between January 2011 to December 2013, 360 acute @entity2 @entity0 related to NVAF were recruited. @entity0 were categorized into 2 groups based on the date (July 2012) of NOACs' availability. There were 184 @entity0 recruited before July 2012, and whereas 176 @entity0 after July 2012. Demographic data, interested factors, and the percentage of @entity0 on OAC were compared.One month after discharge, percentage of OAC utilization was significantly higher (29% versus 41%; P=0.022) as well as effective anticoagulation (22.2% versus 80.6%; P<0.001); @entity4 utilization was significantly less (28.3% versus 11%; P<0.001) after NOACs became available. Antiplatelet agent utilization was high in 2 groups (57% versus 52%; P=0.36). Age (odd ratios [OR] 0.947; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.912-0.984; P=0.005), Barthel index (OR 1.012; 95% CI 1.000-1.025; P=0.05), and NOACs' availability (OR 1.857; 95% CI 1.086-3.175; P=0.024) were the significant factors affecting the use of OAC.A higher percentage of NVAF @entity2 @entity0 returning for their 1-month follow-up were treated with NOACs than with @entity4 . The use of antithrombotic therapy improved after NOACs became available. But, the majority of the @entity0 were still received antiplatelet agent for @entity1 prevention.

title: Do NOACs Improve Antithrombotic Therapy in Secondary XXXX Prevention in Nonvalvular @entity3 ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Guidelines recommended oral anticoagulant (OAC) for @entity2 @entity0 related to @entity3 ( @entity3 ). But, underprescription or underdose of @entity4 was observed worldwide. We aimed to explore if the use of antithrombotic therapy in nonvalvular @entity3 (NVAF) @entity2 @entity0 improved after novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) became available.Between January 2011 to December 2013, 360 acute @entity2 @entity0 related to NVAF were recruited. @entity0 were categorized into 2 groups based on the date (July 2012) of NOACs' availability. There were 184 @entity0 recruited before July 2012, and whereas 176 @entity0 after July 2012. Demographic data, interested factors, and the percentage of @entity0 on OAC were compared.One month after discharge, percentage of OAC utilization was significantly higher (29% versus 41%; P=0.022) as well as effective anticoagulation (22.2% versus 80.6%; P<0.001); @entity4 utilization was significantly less (28.3% versus 11%; P<0.001) after NOACs became available. Antiplatelet agent utilization was high in 2 groups (57% versus 52%; P=0.36). Age (odd ratios [OR] 0.947; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 0.912-0.984; P=0.005), Barthel index (OR 1.012; 95% CI 1.000-1.025; P=0.05), and NOACs' availability (OR 1.857; 95% CI 1.086-3.175; P=0.024) were the significant factors affecting the use of OAC.A higher percentage of NVAF @entity2 @entity0 returning for their 1-month follow-up were treated with NOACs than with @entity4 . The use of antithrombotic therapy improved after NOACs became available. But, the majority of the @entity0 were still received antiplatelet agent for @entity1 prevention.

title: Do NOACs Improve Antithrombotic Therapy in Secondary @entity1 Prevention in Nonvalvular XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: A recently developed technique of immunoautoradiography on nitrocellulose transfers of serial frozen sections was used to determine @entity4 hydroxylase concentration in selected areas of the adult @entity0 brain following neonatal @entity5 destruction of nigrostriatal @entity3 neurons. Particular attention was paid to the neostriatum, known to be @entity2 -hyperinnervated under these conditions, and to the nucleus raphe dorsalis, containing the cell bodies of origin for these nerve terminals. The hippocampus was also investigated as a territory of structurally intact @entity2 innervation arising primarily from the nucleus raphe medianus. @entity4 hydroxylase protein was measured at successive transverse levels across the entire caudorostral extent of all these regions. Similar measurements of @entity1 hydroxylase protein across the substantia nigra and the neostriatum verified the disappearance of the nigrostriatal @entity3 neurons. The average @entity4 hydroxylase tissue concentration in the dorsal third of the @entity2 -hyperinnervated neostriatum was up by 36% above control, i.e. significantly less than the number of its @entity2 axon terminals or varicosities. This was therefore indicative of a lowering of the @entity4 hydroxylase protein content per @entity2 ending. Interestingly, a tight correlation between the respective level-by-level concentrations of @entity4 hydroxylase and @entity1 hydroxylase protein in the control neostriatum allowed the prediction the @entity4 hydroxylase concentration after @entity3 denervation with a @entity2 hyperinnervation. @entity4 hydroxylase concentration was also significantly reduced in both the nucleus raphe dorsalis and nucleus raphe medianus, notably at those raphe dorsalis levels known to give rise to the @entity2 hyperinnervation of neostriatum. It is hypothesized that the lower steady-state level of @entity4 hydroxylase inside the terminals and cell bodies of hyperinnervating @entity2 neurons was the result of a feedback inhibition of the synthesis of the enzyme by its end-product, presumably because of the increased amount of @entity2 in these terminals.

title: Changes in steady-state levels of @entity4 hydroxylase protein in adult @entity0 brain after neonatal XXXX lesion.

answer: @entity5


abstract: A recently developed technique of immunoautoradiography on nitrocellulose transfers of serial frozen sections was used to determine @entity4 hydroxylase concentration in selected areas of the adult @entity0 brain following neonatal @entity5 destruction of nigrostriatal @entity3 neurons. Particular attention was paid to the neostriatum, known to be @entity2 -hyperinnervated under these conditions, and to the nucleus raphe dorsalis, containing the cell bodies of origin for these nerve terminals. The hippocampus was also investigated as a territory of structurally intact @entity2 innervation arising primarily from the nucleus raphe medianus. @entity4 hydroxylase protein was measured at successive transverse levels across the entire caudorostral extent of all these regions. Similar measurements of @entity1 hydroxylase protein across the substantia nigra and the neostriatum verified the disappearance of the nigrostriatal @entity3 neurons. The average @entity4 hydroxylase tissue concentration in the dorsal third of the @entity2 -hyperinnervated neostriatum was up by 36% above control, i.e. significantly less than the number of its @entity2 axon terminals or varicosities. This was therefore indicative of a lowering of the @entity4 hydroxylase protein content per @entity2 ending. Interestingly, a tight correlation between the respective level-by-level concentrations of @entity4 hydroxylase and @entity1 hydroxylase protein in the control neostriatum allowed the prediction the @entity4 hydroxylase concentration after @entity3 denervation with a @entity2 hyperinnervation. @entity4 hydroxylase concentration was also significantly reduced in both the nucleus raphe dorsalis and nucleus raphe medianus, notably at those raphe dorsalis levels known to give rise to the @entity2 hyperinnervation of neostriatum. It is hypothesized that the lower steady-state level of @entity4 hydroxylase inside the terminals and cell bodies of hyperinnervating @entity2 neurons was the result of a feedback inhibition of the synthesis of the enzyme by its end-product, presumably because of the increased amount of @entity2 in these terminals.

title: Changes in steady-state levels of XXXX hydroxylase protein in adult @entity0 brain after neonatal @entity5 lesion.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A recently developed technique of immunoautoradiography on nitrocellulose transfers of serial frozen sections was used to determine @entity4 hydroxylase concentration in selected areas of the adult @entity0 brain following neonatal @entity5 destruction of nigrostriatal @entity3 neurons. Particular attention was paid to the neostriatum, known to be @entity2 -hyperinnervated under these conditions, and to the nucleus raphe dorsalis, containing the cell bodies of origin for these nerve terminals. The hippocampus was also investigated as a territory of structurally intact @entity2 innervation arising primarily from the nucleus raphe medianus. @entity4 hydroxylase protein was measured at successive transverse levels across the entire caudorostral extent of all these regions. Similar measurements of @entity1 hydroxylase protein across the substantia nigra and the neostriatum verified the disappearance of the nigrostriatal @entity3 neurons. The average @entity4 hydroxylase tissue concentration in the dorsal third of the @entity2 -hyperinnervated neostriatum was up by 36% above control, i.e. significantly less than the number of its @entity2 axon terminals or varicosities. This was therefore indicative of a lowering of the @entity4 hydroxylase protein content per @entity2 ending. Interestingly, a tight correlation between the respective level-by-level concentrations of @entity4 hydroxylase and @entity1 hydroxylase protein in the control neostriatum allowed the prediction the @entity4 hydroxylase concentration after @entity3 denervation with a @entity2 hyperinnervation. @entity4 hydroxylase concentration was also significantly reduced in both the nucleus raphe dorsalis and nucleus raphe medianus, notably at those raphe dorsalis levels known to give rise to the @entity2 hyperinnervation of neostriatum. It is hypothesized that the lower steady-state level of @entity4 hydroxylase inside the terminals and cell bodies of hyperinnervating @entity2 neurons was the result of a feedback inhibition of the synthesis of the enzyme by its end-product, presumably because of the increased amount of @entity2 in these terminals.

title: Changes in steady-state levels of @entity4 hydroxylase protein in adult XXXX brain after neonatal @entity5 lesion.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: We investigated the relationship between abnormal electroencephalogram (EEG) findings such as localized EEG paroxysmal abnormality (PA) and the perception of stigma to determine EEG factors associated with perceived stigma in childhood @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 comprised 40 @entity0 (21 @entity0 , 19 @entity0 ; mean age, 14.6years) with @entity1 at enrollment. The criteria for inclusion were as follows: 1) age of 12-18years, inclusive; 2) >= 6months after @entity1 onset; 3) the ability to read and speak Japanese; and 4) the presence of EEG PA. Fifteen healthy @entity2 -free @entity0 were included as a control group. @entity0 were asked to rate how often they felt or acted in the ways described in the items of the @entity0 Stigma Scale using a 5-point scale. Electroencephalogram paroxysms were classified based on the presence of spikes, sharp waves, or spike-wave complexes, whether focal or generalized. RESULTS: @entity0 showed significantly higher stigma scores than healthy subjects (p<0.01). A higher score reflects a greater perception of stigma. The average total scores of @entity0 presenting with EEG PA at generalized, frontal, RD, midtemporal, and occipital regions were 2.3, 4.0, 2.4, 3.2, and 2.2, respectively. The scores of all questions were higher in the frontal group than those in other regions (p<0.01). @entity0 presenting with frontal EEG PA perceived a greater stigma than @entity0 presenting with nonfrontal EEG PA (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: A relationship was identified between frontal EEG PA and a greater perception of stigma. Further studies are needed to confirm whether frontal EEG PA may function as a mediator of emotional responses such as perceived stigma in childhood @entity1 .

title: Correlation between perceived stigma and EEG paroxysmal abnormality in childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: From April 1969 through December 1980, 251 @entity0 with invasive, @entity2 of the cervix received radical radiation therapy consisting of a combination of external beam and intracavitary therapy designed to deliver 7000 to 8000 rad to Point A and 6000 to 6500 rad to the pelvic lymph nodes. The disease-free survival at 2, 5, and 10 years for @entity0 with @entity1 was 90%, 76%, and 76%, respectively, whereas for @entity0 with Stage IIB disease it was 77%, 62%, and 59%, respectively. The survival for the entire group at 2, 5, and 10 years was 80%, 65%, and 62%, respectively. Sixty-eight @entity0 had a recurrence within the irradiated volume, for a locoregional recurrence rate of 27% (68/251). In 49 @entity0 complications developed for an overall complication rate of 19.5% (49/251). An analysis of the complications and their degree of severity revealed a correlation with the dose of intracavitary plus external beam therapy given to Point A and to the rectum. The mean dose to Point A for @entity0 with and without complications were 7877 rad (standard error [SE] +/- 95) and 7593 rad (SE +/- 67), respectively. The mean rectal dose for @entity0 with and without intestinal complications were 6767 rad (SE +/- 157) and 6426 rad (SE +/- 78), respectively. The dose difference between @entity0 with and without complications was statistically significant for Point A (P = to 0.0163) but not for the rectal dose (P = to 0.0887). There was no correlation between the bladder dose and urinary complications. Other treatment methods as well as @entity0 and @entity1 parameters, are being currently analyzed to identify which factors, singly or in combination, may contribute to the development of treatment failures or complications.

title: Analysis of results of radiation therapy for XXXX of the cervix.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Endocrine therapy with @entity5 deprivation or with antiestrogens results in @entity2 regression in a subset of @entity1 with @entity0 . To better understand the mechanisms by which @entity5 and antiestrogens modulate @entity0 growth in vivo, we have studied the effects of endocrine manipulation on the development and growth of @entity2 derived from cultured @entity1 @entity0 cells in the athymic nude @entity3 . MCF-7 @entity0 cells were inoculated into 6-week-old female BALB/c athymic @entity3 . @entity2 growth did not occur in ovariectomized @entity3 . Cells remained viable, however, since @entity5 supplementation more than 30 days later resulted in @entity2 formation. Minimal @entity2 growth was observed in intact female @entity3 which have low circulating @entity5 levels. @entity2 development and growth in ovariectomized or intact @entity3 supplemented with @entity4 in the form of a s.c. pellet were dose dependent; growth rates increased with @entity5 doses ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 mg. Antiestrogen treatment with either @entity6 or @entity7 caused transient stimulation of @entity2 growth, followed by a prolonged stationary phase. Growth resumed with @entity5 supplementation. Treatment of @entity3 bearing established MCF-7 @entity2 with @entity5 withdrawal (removal of @entity5 pellet) resulted in cessation of @entity2 growth, but not in @entity2 regression. Growth inhibition was also observed with antiestrogens and was dose dependent. However, @entity2 regression did not occur, even in @entity3 treated with high doses of @entity6 (serum concentration of 1.0 microM) for as long as 60 days. @entity2 growth was restored in these @entity3 with @entity5 replenishment. @entity2 cells also remained viable histologically despite prolonged (1 month) @entity5 deprivation or antiestrogen therapy, although the mitotic index was markedly reduced. Similar observations were made with @entity3 inoculated with the hormone-responsive ZR75-1 @entity1 @entity0 cells, but not with hormone-independent MDA-231 cells which were not influenced by @entity5 or @entity8 treatment. In summary, development and growth of MCF-7 and ZR75-1 @entity2 in @entity3 are @entity5 dependent. @entity9 therapy by @entity5 deprivation or antiestrogen treatment inhibits @entity2 cell proliferation in @entity3 , but does not cause @entity2 regression or loss of cell viability.

title: Effect of @entity5 and antiestrogens on growth of XXXX @entity0 cells in athymic @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Endocrine therapy with @entity5 deprivation or with antiestrogens results in @entity2 regression in a subset of @entity1 with @entity0 . To better understand the mechanisms by which @entity5 and antiestrogens modulate @entity0 growth in vivo, we have studied the effects of endocrine manipulation on the development and growth of @entity2 derived from cultured @entity1 @entity0 cells in the athymic nude @entity3 . MCF-7 @entity0 cells were inoculated into 6-week-old female BALB/c athymic @entity3 . @entity2 growth did not occur in ovariectomized @entity3 . Cells remained viable, however, since @entity5 supplementation more than 30 days later resulted in @entity2 formation. Minimal @entity2 growth was observed in intact female @entity3 which have low circulating @entity5 levels. @entity2 development and growth in ovariectomized or intact @entity3 supplemented with @entity4 in the form of a s.c. pellet were dose dependent; growth rates increased with @entity5 doses ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 mg. Antiestrogen treatment with either @entity6 or @entity7 caused transient stimulation of @entity2 growth, followed by a prolonged stationary phase. Growth resumed with @entity5 supplementation. Treatment of @entity3 bearing established MCF-7 @entity2 with @entity5 withdrawal (removal of @entity5 pellet) resulted in cessation of @entity2 growth, but not in @entity2 regression. Growth inhibition was also observed with antiestrogens and was dose dependent. However, @entity2 regression did not occur, even in @entity3 treated with high doses of @entity6 (serum concentration of 1.0 microM) for as long as 60 days. @entity2 growth was restored in these @entity3 with @entity5 replenishment. @entity2 cells also remained viable histologically despite prolonged (1 month) @entity5 deprivation or antiestrogen therapy, although the mitotic index was markedly reduced. Similar observations were made with @entity3 inoculated with the hormone-responsive ZR75-1 @entity1 @entity0 cells, but not with hormone-independent MDA-231 cells which were not influenced by @entity5 or @entity8 treatment. In summary, development and growth of MCF-7 and ZR75-1 @entity2 in @entity3 are @entity5 dependent. @entity9 therapy by @entity5 deprivation or antiestrogen treatment inhibits @entity2 cell proliferation in @entity3 , but does not cause @entity2 regression or loss of cell viability.

title: Effect of XXXX and antiestrogens on growth of @entity1 @entity0 cells in athymic @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Endocrine therapy with @entity5 deprivation or with antiestrogens results in @entity2 regression in a subset of @entity1 with @entity0 . To better understand the mechanisms by which @entity5 and antiestrogens modulate @entity0 growth in vivo, we have studied the effects of endocrine manipulation on the development and growth of @entity2 derived from cultured @entity1 @entity0 cells in the athymic nude @entity3 . MCF-7 @entity0 cells were inoculated into 6-week-old female BALB/c athymic @entity3 . @entity2 growth did not occur in ovariectomized @entity3 . Cells remained viable, however, since @entity5 supplementation more than 30 days later resulted in @entity2 formation. Minimal @entity2 growth was observed in intact female @entity3 which have low circulating @entity5 levels. @entity2 development and growth in ovariectomized or intact @entity3 supplemented with @entity4 in the form of a s.c. pellet were dose dependent; growth rates increased with @entity5 doses ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 mg. Antiestrogen treatment with either @entity6 or @entity7 caused transient stimulation of @entity2 growth, followed by a prolonged stationary phase. Growth resumed with @entity5 supplementation. Treatment of @entity3 bearing established MCF-7 @entity2 with @entity5 withdrawal (removal of @entity5 pellet) resulted in cessation of @entity2 growth, but not in @entity2 regression. Growth inhibition was also observed with antiestrogens and was dose dependent. However, @entity2 regression did not occur, even in @entity3 treated with high doses of @entity6 (serum concentration of 1.0 microM) for as long as 60 days. @entity2 growth was restored in these @entity3 with @entity5 replenishment. @entity2 cells also remained viable histologically despite prolonged (1 month) @entity5 deprivation or antiestrogen therapy, although the mitotic index was markedly reduced. Similar observations were made with @entity3 inoculated with the hormone-responsive ZR75-1 @entity1 @entity0 cells, but not with hormone-independent MDA-231 cells which were not influenced by @entity5 or @entity8 treatment. In summary, development and growth of MCF-7 and ZR75-1 @entity2 in @entity3 are @entity5 dependent. @entity9 therapy by @entity5 deprivation or antiestrogen treatment inhibits @entity2 cell proliferation in @entity3 , but does not cause @entity2 regression or loss of cell viability.

title: Effect of @entity5 and antiestrogens on growth of @entity1 XXXX cells in athymic @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Endocrine therapy with @entity5 deprivation or with antiestrogens results in @entity2 regression in a subset of @entity1 with @entity0 . To better understand the mechanisms by which @entity5 and antiestrogens modulate @entity0 growth in vivo, we have studied the effects of endocrine manipulation on the development and growth of @entity2 derived from cultured @entity1 @entity0 cells in the athymic nude @entity3 . MCF-7 @entity0 cells were inoculated into 6-week-old female BALB/c athymic @entity3 . @entity2 growth did not occur in ovariectomized @entity3 . Cells remained viable, however, since @entity5 supplementation more than 30 days later resulted in @entity2 formation. Minimal @entity2 growth was observed in intact female @entity3 which have low circulating @entity5 levels. @entity2 development and growth in ovariectomized or intact @entity3 supplemented with @entity4 in the form of a s.c. pellet were dose dependent; growth rates increased with @entity5 doses ranging from 0.01 to 0.5 mg. Antiestrogen treatment with either @entity6 or @entity7 caused transient stimulation of @entity2 growth, followed by a prolonged stationary phase. Growth resumed with @entity5 supplementation. Treatment of @entity3 bearing established MCF-7 @entity2 with @entity5 withdrawal (removal of @entity5 pellet) resulted in cessation of @entity2 growth, but not in @entity2 regression. Growth inhibition was also observed with antiestrogens and was dose dependent. However, @entity2 regression did not occur, even in @entity3 treated with high doses of @entity6 (serum concentration of 1.0 microM) for as long as 60 days. @entity2 growth was restored in these @entity3 with @entity5 replenishment. @entity2 cells also remained viable histologically despite prolonged (1 month) @entity5 deprivation or antiestrogen therapy, although the mitotic index was markedly reduced. Similar observations were made with @entity3 inoculated with the hormone-responsive ZR75-1 @entity1 @entity0 cells, but not with hormone-independent MDA-231 cells which were not influenced by @entity5 or @entity8 treatment. In summary, development and growth of MCF-7 and ZR75-1 @entity2 in @entity3 are @entity5 dependent. @entity9 therapy by @entity5 deprivation or antiestrogen treatment inhibits @entity2 cell proliferation in @entity3 , but does not cause @entity2 regression or loss of cell viability.

title: Effect of @entity5 and antiestrogens on growth of @entity1 @entity0 cells in athymic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Freezing of gait ( @entity2 ) affects mobility and balance seriously. Few reports have investigated the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on @entity2 in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We investigated the efficacy of high-frequency rTMS for the treatment of @entity2 in @entity1 . METHODS: Seventeen @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 were recruited in a randomized, double-blinded, cross-over study. We applied high frequency rTMS (90% of resting motor threshold, 10Hz, 1,000 pulses) over the lower leg primary motor cortex of the dominant hemisphere (M1-LL) for five sessions in a week. We also administered alternative sham stimulation with a two-week wash out period. The primary outcomes were measured before, immediately after, and one week after the intervention using the Standing Start 180   Turn Test (SS-180) with video analysis and the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire ( @entity2 -Q). The secondary outcome measurements consisted of Timed Up and Go (TUG) tasks and the Unified @entity1 Rating Scale part III (UPDRS-III). Motor cortical excitability was also evaluated. RESULTS: There were significant improvements in the step required to complete the SS-180 and @entity2 -Q in the rTMS condition compared to the sham condition, and the effects continued for a week. The TUG and UPDRS-III also showed significant ameliorations over time in the rTMS condition. The MEP amplitude at 120% resting motor threshold and intracortical facilitation also increased after real rTMS condition. CONCLUSIONS: High frequency rTMS over the M1-LL may serve as an add-on therapy for improving @entity2 in @entity1 .

title: Efficacy of cumulative high-frequency rTMS on freezing of gait in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Several LPS-binding proteins have been identified on the surface of @entity0 granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)). We describe a plasma-membrane associated ca. 55-kDa @entity6 of @entity0 PMN that is indistinguishable from the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein ( @entity8 ). To detect LPS-binding proteins on the cell surface, PMN were biotinylated before detergent solubilization and incubation with LPS-coated beads. Several biotinylated proteins bound to LPS-coated beads but not to uncoated beads and were characterized after elution with detergent by @entity1 -PAGE and western blotting using streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase. The spectrum of biotinylated proteins binding to and eluting from LPS-coated beads increased as the number of beads incubated with PMN lysate increased. However, at all concentrations of beads a 55-kDa protein was a dominant component of the eluate. Binding of the 55-kDa protein to LPS-coated beads was inhibited by @entity3 , and both homologous and heterologous LPS, but not by peptidoglycan. Similar amounts of biotinylated 55-kDa @entity6 were detected on PMN from @entity0 with @entity7 who lacked membrane bound @entity5 , a known ca. 55-kDa plasma membrane-associated @entity6 , indicating that the recovered biotinylated protein is not @entity5 . Several pieces of evidence, however, do indicate that the 55-kDa surface protein is @entity8 : 1) flow cytometry of PMN after labeling with rabbit anti- @entity8 serum and @entity2 -labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG revealed immunoreactive surface molecules on resting PMN and, in increased amounts, on PMN stimulated with @entity4 or TNF; 2) This antiserum specifically and quantitatively inhibited binding of the biotinylated 55-kDa species to LPS-coated beads; 3) both @entity8 and the 55-kDa protein migrated as a doublet during @entity1 -PAGE and were both converted to single migrated species after N-glycosidase F treatment; 4) chemical cleavage of the biotinylated protein and native @entity8 with @entity9 yielded the same fragments. Thus, we have positively identified @entity8 as a @entity6 on the surface of PMN. The role of this potent antibacterial, endotoxin neutralizing protein on the surface of PMN remains to be established.

title: @entity0 granulocytes express a 55-kDa XXXX on the cell surface that is identical to the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Several LPS-binding proteins have been identified on the surface of @entity0 granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)). We describe a plasma-membrane associated ca. 55-kDa @entity6 of @entity0 PMN that is indistinguishable from the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein ( @entity8 ). To detect LPS-binding proteins on the cell surface, PMN were biotinylated before detergent solubilization and incubation with LPS-coated beads. Several biotinylated proteins bound to LPS-coated beads but not to uncoated beads and were characterized after elution with detergent by @entity1 -PAGE and western blotting using streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase. The spectrum of biotinylated proteins binding to and eluting from LPS-coated beads increased as the number of beads incubated with PMN lysate increased. However, at all concentrations of beads a 55-kDa protein was a dominant component of the eluate. Binding of the 55-kDa protein to LPS-coated beads was inhibited by @entity3 , and both homologous and heterologous LPS, but not by peptidoglycan. Similar amounts of biotinylated 55-kDa @entity6 were detected on PMN from @entity0 with @entity7 who lacked membrane bound @entity5 , a known ca. 55-kDa plasma membrane-associated @entity6 , indicating that the recovered biotinylated protein is not @entity5 . Several pieces of evidence, however, do indicate that the 55-kDa surface protein is @entity8 : 1) flow cytometry of PMN after labeling with rabbit anti- @entity8 serum and @entity2 -labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG revealed immunoreactive surface molecules on resting PMN and, in increased amounts, on PMN stimulated with @entity4 or TNF; 2) This antiserum specifically and quantitatively inhibited binding of the biotinylated 55-kDa species to LPS-coated beads; 3) both @entity8 and the 55-kDa protein migrated as a doublet during @entity1 -PAGE and were both converted to single migrated species after N-glycosidase F treatment; 4) chemical cleavage of the biotinylated protein and native @entity8 with @entity9 yielded the same fragments. Thus, we have positively identified @entity8 as a @entity6 on the surface of PMN. The role of this potent antibacterial, endotoxin neutralizing protein on the surface of PMN remains to be established.

title: XXXX granulocytes express a 55-kDa @entity6 on the cell surface that is identical to the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The economic stratification observed for many years among the population in Poland, increasing poverty rates, especially those being effects of the current economic crisis in the country, and the rising prices of medicines, are potential risk factors for medication non-adherence among @entity0 in the poorest class of the Polish population. Materials an method. The subjects were 2 groups of inhabitants of rural areas of Lublin Province in eastern Poland. The first consisted of 209 @entity0 aged 52-80 years who were surveyed in 2010, the second - 210 @entity0 aged 51-88 years, surveyed in 2013. All @entity0 were outpatients who attended the Endocrine Clinic in Poniatowa. The studies were conducted with the use of the standardized survey questionnaire. RESULTS: The problem of medication non-adherence among the surveyed was evident and has risen from 43.1% in 2010 to 54.8% in 2013. Both in 2010 and in 2013, the main reasons for this state of affairs were the financial problems of the surveyed @entity0 . During the period 2010-2013, both expenditure on medicine as well as the ratio " @entity0 ' expenditure on medicine/expenditure on food" had increased. In 2010, 25 respondents per 209 (12%) expressed the opinion that they had always had sufficient means to buy necessary medications, in 2013 - only 3 per 210 (1.5%). CONCLUSIONS: In 2013, most of surveyed @entity0 (54.8%) did not follow prescribed treatment plans (in 2010-43.1%). In most cases, medication non-adherence were the result of financial problems. Current regulations governing refunding of the costs of medicines may make effective ambulatory treatment of @entity1 impossible.

title: Realities of ambulatory multi-drug treatment of XXXX in rural areas of Lublin Province, eastern Poland - comparison of situations in 2010 and 2013.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Magnetic resonance imaging is a pictorial depiction of the patho-anatomy of a @entity2 . As different parts of the @entity0 in @entity3 concurrently undergo various biological processes i.e. osteoblastic new bone formation, cell death, @entity1 , bony destruction and revascularization etc., we hypothesized that the image seen in MRI could be used to assess the @entity0 behavior at that time. This study was done as a preliminary study with the aim to find whether the MRI pictures can have identifiable patterns and if present whether they can be linked to biological behavior. We could identify 2 distinct patterns in T2 weighted images which correlated well with serum alkaline phosphatase a serum marker and the duration of symptoms and so we are reporting our observations. MATERIAL AND METHOD: T2 weighted MRI pictures of 15 cases of @entity3 were studied for identifiable patterns in matrix. These patterns if found were to be linked to biological behavior in the form of serum alkaline phosphatase levels and duration of symptoms. RESULTS: We could identify 2 unique patterns named by us as Group 1 Heterogeneous type (4  cases) which had a raised serum alkaline phosphatase level and had a history at presentation of less than 3 months duration. In Group 2 homogenous type (5 cases) the serum alkaline phosphatase levels were low and the cases presented after 6 months. As we could not identify any logical pattern in rest of the cases we labeled them as miscellaneous. DISCUSSION: MRI patterns can be used as markers of disease activity as there are 2 clear poles correlating well with serum alkaline phosphatase levels (high or low). Intermediate patterns may be the natural biological behavior and waxing and waning of the @entity0 disease activity.

title: Correlation between MRI appearances and serum alkaline phosphatase levels in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgical correction was the treatment of choice for @entity2 until three decades ago, when balloon valvuloplasty was implemented. The natural history of surgically relieved @entity2 has been considered benign but is actually unknown, as is the need for re-intervention. The objective of this study was to investigate the morbidity and mortality of @entity0 with surgically treated @entity2 operated at Aarhus University Hospital between 1957 and 2000. RESULTS: The total study population included 80 @entity0 . In-hospital mortality was 2/80 (2.5%), and an additional four @entity0 died after hospital discharge; therefore, the long-term mortality was 5%. The maximum follow-up period was 57 years, with a median of 33 years. In all, 16 @entity0 (20%) required at least one re-intervention. Pulmonary valve replacement due to @entity1 was the most common re-intervention (67%). Freedom from re-intervention decreased >20 years after the initial repair. In addition, 45% of @entity0 had moderate/severe @entity1 , 38% had some degree of @entity4 , and 40% had some degree of @entity3 , which did not require re-intervention at the present stage. CONCLUSION: Surgical relief for @entity2 is efficient in relieving outflow obstruction; however, this efficiency is achieved at the cost of @entity1 , leading to @entity4 and @entity3 . When required, pulmonary valve replacement is performed most frequently >20 years after the initial surgery. Lifelong follow-up of @entity0 treated surgically for @entity2 is emphasised in this group of @entity0 , who might otherwise consider themselves cured.

title: Surgically treated XXXX : over 50 years of follow-up.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To investigate the prognostic power of intra-tumoural and gradient magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion metrics in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-six consecutive @entity0 with histologically confirmed @entity4 who had undergone preoperative diffusion tensor imaging at 3  T were included. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity7 gradient maps were computed. Regions of interest were analysed to determine the minimum @entity7 within the enhancing @entity2 (minMD). @entity7 gradients were calculated along the enhancing @entity2 boundary and subjected to histogram analysis. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were derived and survival analysis was undertaken. RESULTS: There were 31 deaths and 37 @entity0 progressed during the study period. Multivariate survival analysis, controlling for treatment and gender, showed that minMD values<6.1*10(-4)  mm(2)/s predicted shorter @entity6 (hazard ratio [HR]=2.82, 1.25-6.34; p=0.012) and @entity5 (HR=5.43, 1.96-15.05; p=0.001). Higher @entity7 gradient values of the @entity2 boundary predicted shorter survival: @entity7 gradient values >4.7*10(-5)  mm(2)/s (10(th) centile) had a significantly shorter @entity6 with a HR of 0.43 (0.19-0.96; p=0.04). Similarly, a value above 1.4*10(-4) mm(2)/s (75(th) centile) was a significant predictor for shorter @entity6 (HR=0.39, 0.17-0.89; p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Lower minMD and higher @entity7 gradient values for the 10(th) and 75(th) percentile of the @entity2 boundary demonstrated prognostic value in preoperative @entity4 . This suggests that MRI diffusion metrics indicative of higher focal cellularity and steeper transition from high cellular @entity2 edge to low cellular @entity1 define @entity3 subtypes with a poorer prognosis.

title: Magnetic resonance diffusion metrics indexing high focal cellularity and sharp transition at the @entity2 boundary predict poor outcome in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: To investigate the prognostic power of intra-tumoural and gradient magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diffusion metrics in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-six consecutive @entity0 with histologically confirmed @entity4 who had undergone preoperative diffusion tensor imaging at 3  T were included. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity7 gradient maps were computed. Regions of interest were analysed to determine the minimum @entity7 within the enhancing @entity2 (minMD). @entity7 gradients were calculated along the enhancing @entity2 boundary and subjected to histogram analysis. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were derived and survival analysis was undertaken. RESULTS: There were 31 deaths and 37 @entity0 progressed during the study period. Multivariate survival analysis, controlling for treatment and gender, showed that minMD values<6.1*10(-4)  mm(2)/s predicted shorter @entity6 (hazard ratio [HR]=2.82, 1.25-6.34; p=0.012) and @entity5 (HR=5.43, 1.96-15.05; p=0.001). Higher @entity7 gradient values of the @entity2 boundary predicted shorter survival: @entity7 gradient values >4.7*10(-5)  mm(2)/s (10(th) centile) had a significantly shorter @entity6 with a HR of 0.43 (0.19-0.96; p=0.04). Similarly, a value above 1.4*10(-4) mm(2)/s (75(th) centile) was a significant predictor for shorter @entity6 (HR=0.39, 0.17-0.89; p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Lower minMD and higher @entity7 gradient values for the 10(th) and 75(th) percentile of the @entity2 boundary demonstrated prognostic value in preoperative @entity4 . This suggests that MRI diffusion metrics indicative of higher focal cellularity and steeper transition from high cellular @entity2 edge to low cellular @entity1 define @entity3 subtypes with a poorer prognosis.

title: Magnetic resonance diffusion metrics indexing high focal cellularity and sharp transition at the XXXX boundary predict poor outcome in @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: SETTING: Gondar University Hospital (GUH) is a resource-limited tertiary care hospital in northern Ethiopia. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the aggregate effect of care standardization, institutional guidelines, and simulation-based training on pediatric mortality at a resource-limited hospital. DESIGN: Uncontrolled pre-post study. GUH in- @entity0 aged from 30 days to 14 years were included in the program evaluation (baseline 11 September-18 November 2010; intervention 19 September-9 December 2011). Interns attached to the GUH pediatrics department from 6 September to 9 December 2011 were included in the training evaluation. Institution-specific management guidelines were prepared for @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity8 , @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity3 . Approval for the protocols was obtained from each pediatric faculty member. Interns received a 3.5 h simulation-based training in triage, procedural skills, and protocol usage. Primary outcome was overall @entity1 (%); secondary outcomes were @entity1 within 24 h of admission (%) and median pre/post-training emergency management test scores (%). RESULTS: No difference in mortality (OR 0.72, 95%CI 0.40-1.29, P = 0.265) or first 24 h mortality (crude OR 0.97, 95%CI 0.37-2.55) was observed. Trainee examination scores improved from 33% to 74% (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Combining care standardization, management protocols, and simulation-based training did not reduce mortality among pediatric in- @entity0 . Focused, simulation-based training improved short-term test scores among interns.

title: Implementation of an in- XXXX pediatric mortality reduction intervention, Gondar University Hospital, Ethiopia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Thirty-six hands in thirty-two @entity0 had internal neurolysis of the median nerve and carpal tunnel release for severe @entity1 . Median-nerve function was evaluated in all hands using Weber two-point discrimination and electromyography. Thenar-muscle strength or bulk, or both, were recorded in thirty hands. Ten hands also had Semmes-Weinstein monofilament pressure-testing. The indication for neurolysis in these selected @entity0 was the presence of any one of the following: an increase in two-point-discrimination values, thenar-muscle atrophy, or denervation potentials in the thenar muscles. Twenty-two (76 per cent) of the twenty-nine hands that had had diminished two-point discrimination preoperatively regained normal sensibility. Seven (70 per cent) of ten hands that had had thenar-muscle weakness (grade 3 or less) preoperatively regained grade-4 or 5 strength. Nine (50 per cent) of eighteen hands that had had thenar-muscle atrophy regained normal muscle bulk. Seventy-six per cent of the @entity0 in this series recovered sensation and 70 per cent recovered muscle strength, and the procedure was well tolerated. Although no studies comparing the results of treatment of severe @entity1 with and without internal neurolysis have been reported, we think that neurolysis, if it is done by a surgeon who is skilled in microsurgery, is a safe and effective procedure for severe @entity1 .

title: Results of internal neurolysis of the median nerve for severe XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Syntaxin is a synapse-specific protein previously localized to the plasma membrane of axon terminals. Biochemical and molecular biological studies indicate a prominent role for @entity3 in synaptic vesicle docking and/or fusion, suggesting that these proteins are localized to active zone regions of most terminal varicosities in the central nervous system. We sought to test this hypothesis by examining the cellular and subcellular immunocytochemical localization of syntaxin 1 proteins in the striatum and frontal cortex of @entity0 . Using either a polyclonal anti-syntaxin antibody, or a monoclonal antibody directed against the identical protein, HPC-1, immunoperoxidase reaction product was localized to preterminal axons and terminal varicosities that made almost exclusively Type I (asymmetric) synapses on dendritic spines or distal shafts. Immunoreactive terminals forming Type II (symmetric) synapses were observed rarely and only in tissue that was pretreated by rapid freeze-thaw to enhance antibody penetration. From a semi-quantitative analysis, it was estimated that at least 48-62% of all vesicle-filled varicosities and 67-69% of all terminals forming Type I synapses were immunoreactive for syntaxin or HPC-1, respectively. Using a pre-embedding immunogold- @entity2 technique to provide a non-diffusible marker for subcellular localization, gold- @entity2 particles for syntaxin or HPC-1 were localized to the cytoplasmic surface of non-synaptic portions of the plasma membrane of preterminal axons and terminal varicosities. Enrichment of presynaptic active zone regions was not observed with immunogold- @entity2 staining. These findings suggest that syntaxin is primarily contained in a subpopulation of terminals that are associated with excitatory @entity1 transmitters, but appears not to be ubiquitously expressed in all terminal classes. The results further indicate that syntaxin is localized to non-synaptic regions of axon and terminal membranes, but may not be enriched in presynaptic active zones. The apparent inconsistency between the subcellular localization of syntaxin and its proposed role in vesicle exocytosis is discussed in terms of possible technical limitations and alternative functions for syntaxin.

title: Cellular and subcellular localization of syntaxin-like immunoreactivity in the XXXX striatum and cortex.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Heat-induced alterations in CHO-10B cell @entity5 (Ho342) permeability in vitro were analyzed by flow cytometry. Immediately after 45.5 degrees C heating, uptake was decreased in a dose-dependent manner with @entity0 . Kinetic analysis indicated that a treatment that reduced cell survival to approximately 10%, reduced the maximal velocity, Vmax, to 53% of control and increased the dissociation constant, Km, to 156% of control. Also, little change in Ho342 efflux was found to occur from control up to 90 min after heating. Upon incubation at 37 degrees C after the heat treatment from 1 to 24 hr (depending on the severity of the dose) diffuse heterogeneity of Ho342 staining developed which was not evident immediately after heating. The altered staining was not due to the presence of @entity2 staining cells. Membrane permeabilization and nuclei isolation studies indicated that the lesion responsible was most likely a plasma membrane event. Induction of the heterogenous staining was not inhibited by either @entity3 or @entity1 but was inhibited by incubation at 4 degrees C. An inverse correlation existed between Ho342 permeability and clonogenicity, with nearly a 10-fold difference in survival between the high and low fluorescence intensity sorted cells. Also, larger fractions of @entity4 and G2M-phase cells were found in the highly fluorescent sorted fractions. These results are discussed in terms of the putative molecular events that may be involved in hyperthermic modulation of Ho342 permeability.

title: FACS analysis of a hyperthermia-induced alteration in XXXX permeability and direct measurement of its relationship to cell survival.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study compared the effectiveness of joint mobilization combined with stretching exercises (JM_Str) vs @entity2 injection (SI) in the treatment of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: A total of 43 @entity0 (mean age, 45.5    8.5 years; range, 30-60 years; 23 females) with @entity3 were randomly assigned to receive either JM_Str (n = 22) or SIs (n = 21). JM_Str was applied 3 times per week for 3 weeks for a total of 9 visits. The SI group received 1 injection at baseline. The @entity0 ' functional scores were assessed using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), and @entity1 was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Outcomes of interest were captured at baseline and at 3-week, 6-week, 12-week, and 1-year follow-ups. The primary aim was examined using a mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pairwise comparisons were performed to examine differences between the baseline and follow-up periods using Bonferroni equality at an alpha level of 0.05. RESULTS: Age, sex, body mass index, and dorsiflexion range of motion did not significantly impact @entity1 relief or functional outcome (P > .05) at the 3-, 6- or 12-week follow-ups compared to baseline. Planned pairwise comparisons demonstrated significant improvements in @entity1 relief and functional outcomes in both groups (P < .05) at the 3-, 6-, and 12-week follow-ups compared to baseline. However, at the 12-week and 1-year follow-ups, @entity1 and functional outcomes were significantly improved in only the JM_Str group (P = .002). The overall group-by-time interaction was statistically significant for both FAAM (P = .001; F = 7.0) and VAS (P = .001; F = 8.3) scores. Between-group differences favored the SI group at the 3-week (P = .001, P = .001), 6-week (P = .002, P = .001), and 12-week (P = .008, P = .001) follow-ups for @entity1 relief and functional outcomes. However, no significant differences (P = .62, P = .57) were detected in the measured outcomes at the 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that while both groups achieved significant improvements at the 3-, 6-, and 12-week follow-ups, the SI group exhibited better outcomes at all 3 time points. The noted improvements continued in only the JM_Str group for a period of time ranging from 12 weeks to 1 year. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, comparative study.

title: Joint Mobilization and Stretching Exercise vs XXXX Injection in the Treatment of @entity3 : A Randomized Controlled Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study compared the effectiveness of joint mobilization combined with stretching exercises (JM_Str) vs @entity2 injection (SI) in the treatment of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: A total of 43 @entity0 (mean age, 45.5    8.5 years; range, 30-60 years; 23 females) with @entity3 were randomly assigned to receive either JM_Str (n = 22) or SIs (n = 21). JM_Str was applied 3 times per week for 3 weeks for a total of 9 visits. The SI group received 1 injection at baseline. The @entity0 ' functional scores were assessed using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), and @entity1 was evaluated using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Outcomes of interest were captured at baseline and at 3-week, 6-week, 12-week, and 1-year follow-ups. The primary aim was examined using a mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pairwise comparisons were performed to examine differences between the baseline and follow-up periods using Bonferroni equality at an alpha level of 0.05. RESULTS: Age, sex, body mass index, and dorsiflexion range of motion did not significantly impact @entity1 relief or functional outcome (P > .05) at the 3-, 6- or 12-week follow-ups compared to baseline. Planned pairwise comparisons demonstrated significant improvements in @entity1 relief and functional outcomes in both groups (P < .05) at the 3-, 6-, and 12-week follow-ups compared to baseline. However, at the 12-week and 1-year follow-ups, @entity1 and functional outcomes were significantly improved in only the JM_Str group (P = .002). The overall group-by-time interaction was statistically significant for both FAAM (P = .001; F = 7.0) and VAS (P = .001; F = 8.3) scores. Between-group differences favored the SI group at the 3-week (P = .001, P = .001), 6-week (P = .002, P = .001), and 12-week (P = .008, P = .001) follow-ups for @entity1 relief and functional outcomes. However, no significant differences (P = .62, P = .57) were detected in the measured outcomes at the 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrated that while both groups achieved significant improvements at the 3-, 6-, and 12-week follow-ups, the SI group exhibited better outcomes at all 3 time points. The noted improvements continued in only the JM_Str group for a period of time ranging from 12 weeks to 1 year. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II, comparative study.

title: Joint Mobilization and Stretching Exercise vs @entity2 Injection in the Treatment of XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Cardiac melanocyte-like cells (CMLCs) contribute to @entity6 when missing the melanin synthesis enzyme @entity9 (Dct). While scavenging reactive @entity1 species (ROS) in Dct-null @entity0 partially suppressed @entity6 , it remains unclear if CMLCs influence atrial ROS and structure or if the electrical response of CMLCs to ROS differs from that of atrial myocytes. This study is designed to determine if CMLCs contribute to overall atrial oxidative stress or structural remodeling, and if ROS affects the electrophysiology of CMLCs differently than atrial myocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis showed higher expression of the oxidative marker @entity7 in Dct-null atria versus Dct-heterozygous (Dct-het) atria. Exposing isolated CMLCs from Dct-het and Dct-null @entity0 to @entity4 increased @entity3 anion more in Dct-null CMLCs. Trichrome staining showed increased @entity2 in Dct-null atria, and treating Dct-null @entity0 with the ROS scavenger @entity8 reduced atrial @entity2 . Action potential recordings from atrial myocytes and isolated Dct-het and Dct-null CMLCs in response to @entity4 showed that the EC50 for action potential duration (APD) prolongation of Dct-null CMLCs was 8.2      1.7   mol/L versus 16.8      2.0   mol/L for Dct-het CMLCs, 19.9      2.1   mol/L for Dct-null atrial myocytes, and 20.5      1.9   mol/L for Dct-het atrial myocytes. However, APD90 was longer in CMLCs versus atrial myocytes in response to @entity4 . @entity4 also induced more afterdepolarizations in CMLCs compared to atrial myocytes. These studies suggest that Dct within CMLCs contributes to @entity5 and remodeling. ROS prolongs APD to a greater extent and induces afterdepolarizations more frequently in CMLCs than in atrial myocytes.

title: Cardiac melanocytes influence atrial reactive XXXX species involved with electrical and structural remodeling in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Cardiac melanocyte-like cells (CMLCs) contribute to @entity6 when missing the melanin synthesis enzyme @entity9 (Dct). While scavenging reactive @entity1 species (ROS) in Dct-null @entity0 partially suppressed @entity6 , it remains unclear if CMLCs influence atrial ROS and structure or if the electrical response of CMLCs to ROS differs from that of atrial myocytes. This study is designed to determine if CMLCs contribute to overall atrial oxidative stress or structural remodeling, and if ROS affects the electrophysiology of CMLCs differently than atrial myocytes. Immunohistochemical analysis showed higher expression of the oxidative marker @entity7 in Dct-null atria versus Dct-heterozygous (Dct-het) atria. Exposing isolated CMLCs from Dct-het and Dct-null @entity0 to @entity4 increased @entity3 anion more in Dct-null CMLCs. Trichrome staining showed increased @entity2 in Dct-null atria, and treating Dct-null @entity0 with the ROS scavenger @entity8 reduced atrial @entity2 . Action potential recordings from atrial myocytes and isolated Dct-het and Dct-null CMLCs in response to @entity4 showed that the EC50 for action potential duration (APD) prolongation of Dct-null CMLCs was 8.2      1.7   mol/L versus 16.8      2.0   mol/L for Dct-het CMLCs, 19.9      2.1   mol/L for Dct-null atrial myocytes, and 20.5      1.9   mol/L for Dct-het atrial myocytes. However, APD90 was longer in CMLCs versus atrial myocytes in response to @entity4 . @entity4 also induced more afterdepolarizations in CMLCs compared to atrial myocytes. These studies suggest that Dct within CMLCs contributes to @entity5 and remodeling. ROS prolongs APD to a greater extent and induces afterdepolarizations more frequently in CMLCs than in atrial myocytes.

title: Cardiac melanocytes influence atrial reactive @entity1 species involved with electrical and structural remodeling in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Previous studies tried to correlate prognosis and response to oral @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity4 to such factors as the age of the @entity0 , presence of vertigo, shape of the audiogram, or severity of the @entity3 . However, temporal bone histopathologic evidence shows that @entity4 may be caused by cochleitis or cochlear nerve @entity6 . Herein we report results of a retrospective study of 96 consecutive @entity0 with @entity4 who were evaluated with auditory brain stem responses and @entity5 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Results of the auditory brain stem response and magnetic resonance imaging were correlated with hearing outcome. Follow-up was available for 65 @entity0 : 14 with abnormal and 51 with normal auditory brain stem responses. The overall rate of hearing recovery or improvement was 65% in the normal auditory brain stem response group compared with 43% in the abnormal auditory brain stem response group (p = 0.07). Among the 38 @entity0 treated with a tapering course of oral @entity2 , the recovery or improvement rate was 83% for those with normal auditory brain stem responses and 56% for those with abnormal auditory brain stem responses (p < 0.05). Of the 27 @entity0 who did not receive @entity1 therapy, the improvement rate was 41% in those with normal auditory brain stem responses and 20% in those with abnormal auditory brain stem responses (p = 0.09). Magnetic resonance imaging with @entity5 was obtained on all 14 @entity0 with abnormal auditory brain stem responses but on none with normal auditory brain stem responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Significance of auditory brain stem response and XXXX -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Previous studies tried to correlate prognosis and response to oral @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity4 to such factors as the age of the @entity0 , presence of vertigo, shape of the audiogram, or severity of the @entity3 . However, temporal bone histopathologic evidence shows that @entity4 may be caused by cochleitis or cochlear nerve @entity6 . Herein we report results of a retrospective study of 96 consecutive @entity0 with @entity4 who were evaluated with auditory brain stem responses and @entity5 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Results of the auditory brain stem response and magnetic resonance imaging were correlated with hearing outcome. Follow-up was available for 65 @entity0 : 14 with abnormal and 51 with normal auditory brain stem responses. The overall rate of hearing recovery or improvement was 65% in the normal auditory brain stem response group compared with 43% in the abnormal auditory brain stem response group (p = 0.07). Among the 38 @entity0 treated with a tapering course of oral @entity2 , the recovery or improvement rate was 83% for those with normal auditory brain stem responses and 56% for those with abnormal auditory brain stem responses (p < 0.05). Of the 27 @entity0 who did not receive @entity1 therapy, the improvement rate was 41% in those with normal auditory brain stem responses and 20% in those with abnormal auditory brain stem responses (p = 0.09). Magnetic resonance imaging with @entity5 was obtained on all 14 @entity0 with abnormal auditory brain stem responses but on none with normal auditory brain stem responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Significance of auditory brain stem response and @entity5 -enhanced magnetic resonance imaging for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 in revascularized tissue can compromise tissue perfusion even though the microsurgical anastomoses remain patent. Circulating @entity5 stimulates peripheral vasoconstriction. Chemical @entity4 was induced by the intraarterial administration of @entity3 to denervated @entity0 hind limbs. Heel pad blood flow was assessed by laser-Doppler velocimetry. Mean blood flow was 463 +/- 106 in the denervated leg and 337 +/- 50 in the opposite (intact) leg (p less than 0.01). Flow in the denervated leg decreased 78 percent (463 +/- 106 to 100 +/- 23) within 5 minutes of @entity3 administration and did not return to normal for 30 minutes. @entity3 administration in the presence of 1 and 3 hours of @entity1 decreased flow at 5 minutes to 6.6 and 6.0 percent of normal, respectively (31 +/- 14, 28 +/- 14, control 100 +/- 23; p less than 0.001). Administration of intraarterial @entity3 distal to a femoral artery occluded for 1 and 5 minutes reduced flow following clamp release to 11.2 and 7.1 percent of normal 5 minutes after clamp release (52 +/- 9, 33 +/- 7, control 100 +/- 23; p less than 0.001). Comparison of the 1-minute and 5-minute groups to each other showed a significant flow decrease in the 5-minute group (p less than 0.007). This indicates that the observed decrease in flow was related both to the presence of a @entity2 and to the length of the occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Chemically induced @entity4 : the effect of XXXX , @entity2 , and adrenergic blockade.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 in revascularized tissue can compromise tissue perfusion even though the microsurgical anastomoses remain patent. Circulating @entity5 stimulates peripheral vasoconstriction. Chemical @entity4 was induced by the intraarterial administration of @entity3 to denervated @entity0 hind limbs. Heel pad blood flow was assessed by laser-Doppler velocimetry. Mean blood flow was 463 +/- 106 in the denervated leg and 337 +/- 50 in the opposite (intact) leg (p less than 0.01). Flow in the denervated leg decreased 78 percent (463 +/- 106 to 100 +/- 23) within 5 minutes of @entity3 administration and did not return to normal for 30 minutes. @entity3 administration in the presence of 1 and 3 hours of @entity1 decreased flow at 5 minutes to 6.6 and 6.0 percent of normal, respectively (31 +/- 14, 28 +/- 14, control 100 +/- 23; p less than 0.001). Administration of intraarterial @entity3 distal to a femoral artery occluded for 1 and 5 minutes reduced flow following clamp release to 11.2 and 7.1 percent of normal 5 minutes after clamp release (52 +/- 9, 33 +/- 7, control 100 +/- 23; p less than 0.001). Comparison of the 1-minute and 5-minute groups to each other showed a significant flow decrease in the 5-minute group (p less than 0.007). This indicates that the observed decrease in flow was related both to the presence of a @entity2 and to the length of the occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Chemically induced @entity4 : the effect of @entity1 , XXXX , and adrenergic blockade.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 in revascularized tissue can compromise tissue perfusion even though the microsurgical anastomoses remain patent. Circulating @entity5 stimulates peripheral vasoconstriction. Chemical @entity4 was induced by the intraarterial administration of @entity3 to denervated @entity0 hind limbs. Heel pad blood flow was assessed by laser-Doppler velocimetry. Mean blood flow was 463 +/- 106 in the denervated leg and 337 +/- 50 in the opposite (intact) leg (p less than 0.01). Flow in the denervated leg decreased 78 percent (463 +/- 106 to 100 +/- 23) within 5 minutes of @entity3 administration and did not return to normal for 30 minutes. @entity3 administration in the presence of 1 and 3 hours of @entity1 decreased flow at 5 minutes to 6.6 and 6.0 percent of normal, respectively (31 +/- 14, 28 +/- 14, control 100 +/- 23; p less than 0.001). Administration of intraarterial @entity3 distal to a femoral artery occluded for 1 and 5 minutes reduced flow following clamp release to 11.2 and 7.1 percent of normal 5 minutes after clamp release (52 +/- 9, 33 +/- 7, control 100 +/- 23; p less than 0.001). Comparison of the 1-minute and 5-minute groups to each other showed a significant flow decrease in the 5-minute group (p less than 0.007). This indicates that the observed decrease in flow was related both to the presence of a @entity2 and to the length of the occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Chemically induced XXXX : the effect of @entity1 , @entity2 , and adrenergic blockade.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Under the mandate of the Educational Committee of the European Association of Endoscopic Surgery (E.A.E.S.), three consensus development conferences (CDCs) were performed in order to assess the current status of the endoscopic surgical approaches for the treatment of @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity1 . Consensus panels for the different disease states (10-13 members each) selected by the education committee on the basis of members' clinical expertise, academic activity, community influence, and geographical location weighed the evidence on the basis of published results according to the criteria for technology assessment: feasibility, efficacy, effectiveness, economy. Draft statements were prepared, discussed by the panels, and presented at plenary sessions of the 2nd European Congress of the E.A.E.S. in Madrid September 15-17, 1994. Following discussions final consensus statements were formulated to provide specific answers for each topic to a minimum of the following questions: 1. What stage of technological development is the endoscopic surgical procedure at (in September 1994)? 2. Is endoscopic surgery safe and feasible? 3. Is it beneficial to the @entity0 ? 4. Who should undergo endoscopic surgery? 5. What are the training recommendations? Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the procedure of choice for symptomatic @entity5 . Laparoscopic appendectomy is presently at the efficacy stage of development, because most of the data on feasibility and safety originate from centers with special interest in endoscopic surgery: it is not yet the gold standard for @entity3 . @entity2 repair is presently a feasible alternative for conventional @entity2 repair if performed by experienced endoscopic surgeons. It appears to be efficacious in the short-term. The full text of the consensus panel's statements is given in this publication.

title: The E.A.E.S. Consensus Development Conferences on laparoscopic cholecystectomy, appendectomy, and XXXX repair. Consensus statements--September 1994. The Educational Committee of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We examined the relations between bronchial reactivity, baseline FEV1, and annual decline of height corrected FEV1 (delta FEV1/ht3) over 7.5 years in 227 @entity0 (117 smokers, 71 ex-smokers, and 39 non-smokers). @entity0 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity3 or receiving bronchodilator treatment were excluded. Bronchial reactivity was determined as the provocation concentration (PC20) of inhaled @entity2 sufficient to reduce FEV1 by 20%; subjects were divided into reactors (PC20 less than or equal to 16 mg/ml) and non-reactors (PC20 greater than 16 mg/ml). Thirty per cent of smokers, 24% of ex-smokers, and 5% of non-smokers were reactors. When smokers who were reactors were compared with non-reactors, the reactors showed a lower baseline FEV1 as percentage predicted in 1981-2 (85% v 108%), and a faster delta FEV1/ht3 (14.1 v 9.2 ml/y/m3). Baseline FEV1 correlated with PC20 in both smokers (rs = 0.51) and ex-smokers (rs = 0.61), and all 15 subjects with an FEV1 under 80% of the predicted value were reactors. In ex-smokers delta FEV1/ht3 was similar in reactors and non-reactors (m 9.0 v 7.4 ml/y/m3), despite significant differences in baseline FEV1. When analysis was confined to @entity0 with a baseline FEV1 over 80% predicted, the prevalence of reactors was significantly increased among smokers and slightly increased among ex-smokers compared with non-smokers, though the mean FEV1 was higher in the non-smokers. Bronchial reactivity was not increased in smokers aged 35 years or less. In smokers delta FEV1/ht3 was faster in those with a personal history of @entity4 ( @entity5 ), but was not related to a family history of @entity1 , total serum immunoglobulin E level, absolute blood eosinophil count, or skinprick test score. delta FEV1/ht3 was also faster in all subjects taking beta blocker drugs. Thus increased bronchial reactivity was associated with accelerated decline of FEV1 in smokers. Although the association could be a consequence of a lower lower baseline FEV1, a trend towards increased reactivity was found in smokers with normal baseline FEV1 and delta FEV1/ht3 was dissociated from increased reactivity in ex-smokers. These findings are compatible with the "Dutch hypothesis," but the association between allergic features and accelerated delta FEV1/ht3 was relatively weak, and increased reactivity may follow rather than precede the onset of smoking.

title: Bronchial reactivity to inhaled XXXX and annual rate of decline in FEV1 in male smokers and ex-smokers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 is common after repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TF) and may cause @entity4 . To explore the mechanisms, ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring and electrophysiologic studies were undertaken, without the use of provocative tests, in 22 @entity0 5 to 24 years (mean 13) after repair. His-Purkinje and right ventricular (RV) apical activation times were measured to assess conduction. Endocardial mapping of the right ventricle was performed, with additional recordings from the left ventricle in 10 @entity0 , to detect abnormalities of local depolarization and repolarization. Local RV electrograms were fractionated or delayed in 12 @entity0 (55%) at 1 or more RV sites (septum in 7 @entity0 , outflow in 7, free wall in 2 and apex 1 @entity0 ), reflecting disordered depolarization, but left ventricular recordings were normal in all. @entity3 out of hospital was more common (p less than 0.05) and more severe (p less than 0.01) in the @entity0 with @entity2 than in those with normal electrographic findings. In contrast, there was no association between @entity3 and conduction disturbances. Abnormalities of RV repolarization, consisting of low-frequency signals after the T wave, were observed in 17 @entity0 (77%), but were not associated with @entity3 . Thus, @entity3 during daily life was associated with fractionated depolarization at multiple sites in the right ventricle. This suggests that there are widespread areas of RV @entity1 that provide substrates for @entity5 .

title: XXXX of right ventricular depolarization after repair of tetralogy of Fallot: a basis for @entity3 .

answer: @entity2