abstract: Adverse effects and venous blood @entity10 concentrations were monitored over a period of 7 months in @entity0 with @entity2 treated with @entity6 ( @entity8 ). During the 1st, 4th, 12th, 20th, and 28th weeks of therapy, blood samples for analysis of @entity10 and anticonvulsants were taken immediately before the morning dose of @entity8 as well as 2 h after dosing. In all, 40 @entity0 completed the follow-up; 16 of these (Group 1) received @entity8 alone, while the remaining 24 (Group 2) were treated simultaneously with @entity8 and other anticonvulsants ( @entity1 , @entity9 , and/or @entity7 ). In Group 1 @entity0 , a slight though significant increase in @entity10 concentrations was found during long-term @entity8 treatment; this trend was even more pronounced in Group 2 @entity0 . The difference between postdose and predose @entity10 levels in Group 2 @entity0 was significant at each of the five follow-up examinations. In contrast, no such difference was demonstrated in @entity0 of Group 1. @entity8 concentrations were found to be consistently higher in Group 2 @entity0 than in Group 1. Twenty-three @entity0 complained of various long-term adverse effects, while the other 17 remained symptom-free. The adverse effects reported included drowsiness, @entity4 , @entity5 , hair loss, and @entity3 . Our data confirm the previously suggested hypothesis that changes in venous blood @entity10 are particularly evident in @entity0 taking @entity8 in combination with other antiepileptic drugs, such as @entity1 and @entity9 .

title: Long-term treatment with @entity6 : monitoring of venous XXXX concentrations and adverse effects.

answer: @entity10


abstract: It has already been known in ancient medicine that diseases with similar clinical picture can occur all at once at a certain place and under certain climatic conditions, and the Hippocratics dedicated a special book of their Hippocratic Scriptures to epidemics. The symptom complex of what is nowadays called "hospitalism", however, could only develop when the first hospitals were founded in early Christian cultures, which means social foundations, which were not at all hospitals like today, but social institutions for the old @entity0 , for pilgrims and--only in the third place--an asylum for poor, homeless, ill @entity0 . As well as in other places where large numbers of @entity0 are crowded together under poor hygienic conditions, e.g. in prisons or on overcrowded ships, in those overcrowded hospitals, which were called "Nosokomeion" in the Byzantine world and thus might well have been institutions where nursing of sick @entity0 was done, specific @entity1 occurred which were rarely found in individuals living in freedom or at their domiciles. Like all other epidemics, they were thought to be attributed to a miasma transported by the air and resulting from bad vapours, and it was for two milleniums that this remained the explanation for infectiosity. As in the hospitals before introduction of anti- and asepsis wound-healing per secundam, i.e. purulence, was regarded as normal and pus was called "Pus bonum and laudabile", which was thought to be the supposition for wound-healing and was the reason for the infernal stench which one could smell. One attributed the occurrence of miasma to this component. It was therefore attempted to combat the @entity3 by all means with desodorizing procedures, thus trying primarily to suppress the stench by frequent whitewashing of the rooms, spraying of vinegar, by burning powder and even using precious incense. On the other hand, various @entity2 could easily be brought into those overcrowded hospitals, where often three up to six @entity0 had to share one bed, so that still in 1865 no less a @entity0 than the famous Theodor Billroth (1829-1894) felt himself obliged to warn of the dangers of a stay in hospital. The danger of "hospitalism" or of " @entity3 " let the rich refrain from going into a hospital, until the progress in surgery, which was initiated by the introduction of @entity4 , allowed surgical treatment only to be effected in hospitals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX in changing times].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus persists in brain of the immature and adult @entity0 including @entity0 and it can be regulated by physiological and pathological events including nutritional status and @entity5 . The present study was designed to investigate the potential effects of @entity7 followed by @entity4 on hippocampal neurogenesis in the immature @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 pups were divided into 4 groups: malnourished (M), nourished (N), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The @entity1 pups of group M and group @entity5 were maintained on a starvation regimen from postnatal day 2 (P2) to @entity9 . The @entity3 of the @entity1 pups in group @entity5 and group @entity5 was elicited by unilateral microinfusion of @entity8 (KA) into the amygdula at @entity10 . @entity1 pups of the 4 groups were given @entity6 ( @entity6 ) intraperitoneally twice daily for 2 days beginning at P17. At P19, the @entity1 pups were killed and the brains were processed for @entity6 mitotic labeling combined with double-label immunohistochemistry using early neuron- or glia-specific markers TuJ1 (beta III tubulin) or @entity2 ( @entity2 ). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the latent time of @entity5 between group M and group N [(12.4 +/- 2.6) min vs. (12.1 +/- 2.9) min, P < 0.05]. Histological assessment did not reveal any evidence of hippocampal cell loss after @entity3 in either group. @entity6 -labeled cells were significantly higher in the @entity1 of group @entity5 (374 +/- 18) than group M (303 +/- 20), group @entity5 (312 +/- 24) than group N (269 +/- 18), respectively (P < 0.01). There was also significant difference between group M and group N, group @entity5 and group @entity5 , respectively (P < 0.01). No significant difference was seen between the @entity1 of group @entity5 and group M (P > 0.05). Approximately 60% of @entity6 -labeled cells coexpressed TuJ1, and 5% approximately 10% of those co-expressed @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Early @entity7 do not alter KA @entity5 susceptibility and the behavioral manifestations of @entity5 at @entity10 . Although @entity7 and @entity3 can increase the proliferation of newly developed cells in the immature @entity1 respectively, @entity7 followed by @entity3 further increases this proliferation. Furthermore, most of newly developed cells differentiate into early neurons.

title: [Malnutrition increases hippocampal neurogenesis in the immature @entity1 after XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus persists in brain of the immature and adult @entity0 including @entity0 and it can be regulated by physiological and pathological events including nutritional status and @entity5 . The present study was designed to investigate the potential effects of @entity7 followed by @entity4 on hippocampal neurogenesis in the immature @entity1 . METHODS: @entity1 pups were divided into 4 groups: malnourished (M), nourished (N), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The @entity1 pups of group M and group @entity5 were maintained on a starvation regimen from postnatal day 2 (P2) to @entity9 . The @entity3 of the @entity1 pups in group @entity5 and group @entity5 was elicited by unilateral microinfusion of @entity8 (KA) into the amygdula at @entity10 . @entity1 pups of the 4 groups were given @entity6 ( @entity6 ) intraperitoneally twice daily for 2 days beginning at P17. At P19, the @entity1 pups were killed and the brains were processed for @entity6 mitotic labeling combined with double-label immunohistochemistry using early neuron- or glia-specific markers TuJ1 (beta III tubulin) or @entity2 ( @entity2 ). RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the latent time of @entity5 between group M and group N [(12.4 +/- 2.6) min vs. (12.1 +/- 2.9) min, P < 0.05]. Histological assessment did not reveal any evidence of hippocampal cell loss after @entity3 in either group. @entity6 -labeled cells were significantly higher in the @entity1 of group @entity5 (374 +/- 18) than group M (303 +/- 20), group @entity5 (312 +/- 24) than group N (269 +/- 18), respectively (P < 0.01). There was also significant difference between group M and group N, group @entity5 and group @entity5 , respectively (P < 0.01). No significant difference was seen between the @entity1 of group @entity5 and group M (P > 0.05). Approximately 60% of @entity6 -labeled cells coexpressed TuJ1, and 5% approximately 10% of those co-expressed @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Early @entity7 do not alter KA @entity5 susceptibility and the behavioral manifestations of @entity5 at @entity10 . Although @entity7 and @entity3 can increase the proliferation of newly developed cells in the immature @entity1 respectively, @entity7 followed by @entity3 further increases this proliferation. Furthermore, most of newly developed cells differentiate into early neurons.

title: [Malnutrition increases hippocampal neurogenesis in the immature XXXX after @entity3 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survival is poor in @entity0 with acute @entity6 ( @entity6 ) who also have severe @entity1 . Less is known about the outcome of @entity6 in @entity0 with mild to moderate @entity3 . OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes after @entity6 in @entity0 with varying levels of @entity1 and in @entity0 without @entity3 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Academic medical center. @entity0 : 3106 total @entity0 admitted with @entity6 and @entity5 (n = 44), severe @entity3 ( @entity8 clearance < 0.59 mL/s [<35 mL/min]) (n = 391), moderate @entity1 ( @entity8 clearance > or = 0.59 mL/s [<35 mL/min] but < or =0.84 mL/s [< or =50 mL/min]) (n = 491), mild @entity7 ( @entity8 clearance > 0.84 mL/s [>50 mL/min] but < or =1.25 mL/s [< or =75 mL/min]) (n = 860), or no @entity1 (n = 1320). MEASUREMENTS: Clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and short- and long-term survival were compared after @entity0 were stratified by @entity8 clearance. RESULTS: In-hospital mortality rates were 2% in @entity0 with normal renal function, 6% in those with mild @entity3 , 14% in those with moderate @entity3 , 21% in those with severe @entity3 , and 30% in those with @entity5 (P < 0.001). Compared with @entity0 without @entity1 , similar adjusted trends were present for postdischarge @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity5 (hazard ratio, 5.4 [95% CI, 3.0 to 9.7]; P < 0.001), severe @entity3 (hazard ratio, 1.9 [CI, 1.2 to 3.0]; P = 0.006), moderate @entity1 (hazard ratio, 2.2 [CI, 1.5 to 3.3]; P < 0.001), and mild @entity7 (hazard ratio, 2.4 [CI, 1.7 to 3.3]; P < 0.001). @entity0 with @entity3 received adjunctive and reperfusion therapies less frequently than those with normal renal function (P < 0.001). @entity4 was less likely in @entity0 who received acute reperfusion therapy (odds ratio, 0.7 [CI, 0.6 to 0.9]), @entity2 (odds ratio, 0.7 [CI, 0.5 to 0.8]), and beta-blocker therapy (odds ratio, 0.7 [CI, 0.6 to 0.9]). CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity3 are at increased risk for @entity4 after @entity6 and receive less aggressive treatment than @entity0 with normal renal function.

title: Acute @entity6 and XXXX : a high-risk combination.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Survival is poor in @entity0 with acute @entity6 ( @entity6 ) who also have severe @entity1 . Less is known about the outcome of @entity6 in @entity0 with mild to moderate @entity3 . OBJECTIVE: To compare outcomes after @entity6 in @entity0 with varying levels of @entity1 and in @entity0 without @entity3 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Academic medical center. @entity0 : 3106 total @entity0 admitted with @entity6 and @entity5 (n = 44), severe @entity3 ( @entity8 clearance < 0.59 mL/s [<35 mL/min]) (n = 391), moderate @entity1 ( @entity8 clearance > or = 0.59 mL/s [<35 mL/min] but < or =0.84 mL/s [< or =50 mL/min]) (n = 491), mild @entity7 ( @entity8 clearance > 0.84 mL/s [>50 mL/min] but < or =1.25 mL/s [< or =75 mL/min]) (n = 860), or no @entity1 (n = 1320). MEASUREMENTS: Clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and short- and long-term survival were compared after @entity0 were stratified by @entity8 clearance. RESULTS: In-hospital mortality rates were 2% in @entity0 with normal renal function, 6% in those with mild @entity3 , 14% in those with moderate @entity3 , 21% in those with severe @entity3 , and 30% in those with @entity5 (P < 0.001). Compared with @entity0 without @entity1 , similar adjusted trends were present for postdischarge @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity5 (hazard ratio, 5.4 [95% CI, 3.0 to 9.7]; P < 0.001), severe @entity3 (hazard ratio, 1.9 [CI, 1.2 to 3.0]; P = 0.006), moderate @entity1 (hazard ratio, 2.2 [CI, 1.5 to 3.3]; P < 0.001), and mild @entity7 (hazard ratio, 2.4 [CI, 1.7 to 3.3]; P < 0.001). @entity0 with @entity3 received adjunctive and reperfusion therapies less frequently than those with normal renal function (P < 0.001). @entity4 was less likely in @entity0 who received acute reperfusion therapy (odds ratio, 0.7 [CI, 0.6 to 0.9]), @entity2 (odds ratio, 0.7 [CI, 0.5 to 0.8]), and beta-blocker therapy (odds ratio, 0.7 [CI, 0.6 to 0.9]). CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity3 are at increased risk for @entity4 after @entity6 and receive less aggressive treatment than @entity0 with normal renal function.

title: Acute XXXX and @entity1 : a high-risk combination.

answer: @entity6


abstract: We report a systematic histopathologic study of @entity6 at different times during promotion, correlating the results with those from cytogenetic analysis of the same @entity0 . @entity6 were induced in SENCAR @entity1 by two-stage carcinogenesis ( @entity10 and @entity7 ). Individual @entity0 were randomly sampled at different times during promotion, and histopathologic and cytogenetic studies were carried out on every @entity0 . Early during promotion (10 weeks), most @entity6 were well-differentiated @entity2 with mild or no cellular atypia. No @entity0 showed severe @entity11 changes. By 20 weeks of promotion, a dramatic drop had occurred in the number of lesions with no @entity5 . Most of the @entity0 presented moderate @entity5 , and some already showed severe @entity11 changes. At later stages (30-40 weeks), most of the @entity6 were classified as moderately or severely @entity6 , and several were considered to be @entity3 . This histopathologic evaluation was supported by nuclear measurements performed on @entity6 at different time points. @entity9 followed a similar trend. @entity6 seem to start as diploid lesions, but between 10 and 20 weeks of promotion, @entity4 cells can be observed in almost every @entity0 . In some cases the stem line was taken over by @entity8 clones. At 40 weeks of promotion, all @entity6 were @entity8 , most of them with @entity4 stem lines. A positive correlation was found between the histological and cytogenetic studies, with the most aggressive and @entity0 being the more @entity8 . These results support the idea that most, if not all, @entity6 are truly @entity2 in different stages of the potential progression toward @entity0 . @entity9 might play an important role in the sequence of events leading to @entity0 .

title: Progressive @entity5 and XXXX are hallmarks of @entity1 skin papillomas: relevance to @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: We report a systematic histopathologic study of @entity6 at different times during promotion, correlating the results with those from cytogenetic analysis of the same @entity0 . @entity6 were induced in SENCAR @entity1 by two-stage carcinogenesis ( @entity10 and @entity7 ). Individual @entity0 were randomly sampled at different times during promotion, and histopathologic and cytogenetic studies were carried out on every @entity0 . Early during promotion (10 weeks), most @entity6 were well-differentiated @entity2 with mild or no cellular atypia. No @entity0 showed severe @entity11 changes. By 20 weeks of promotion, a dramatic drop had occurred in the number of lesions with no @entity5 . Most of the @entity0 presented moderate @entity5 , and some already showed severe @entity11 changes. At later stages (30-40 weeks), most of the @entity6 were classified as moderately or severely @entity6 , and several were considered to be @entity3 . This histopathologic evaluation was supported by nuclear measurements performed on @entity6 at different time points. @entity9 followed a similar trend. @entity6 seem to start as diploid lesions, but between 10 and 20 weeks of promotion, @entity4 cells can be observed in almost every @entity0 . In some cases the stem line was taken over by @entity8 clones. At 40 weeks of promotion, all @entity6 were @entity8 , most of them with @entity4 stem lines. A positive correlation was found between the histological and cytogenetic studies, with the most aggressive and @entity0 being the more @entity8 . These results support the idea that most, if not all, @entity6 are truly @entity2 in different stages of the potential progression toward @entity0 . @entity9 might play an important role in the sequence of events leading to @entity0 .

title: Progressive XXXX and @entity8 are hallmarks of @entity1 skin papillomas: relevance to @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: We report a systematic histopathologic study of @entity6 at different times during promotion, correlating the results with those from cytogenetic analysis of the same @entity0 . @entity6 were induced in SENCAR @entity1 by two-stage carcinogenesis ( @entity10 and @entity7 ). Individual @entity0 were randomly sampled at different times during promotion, and histopathologic and cytogenetic studies were carried out on every @entity0 . Early during promotion (10 weeks), most @entity6 were well-differentiated @entity2 with mild or no cellular atypia. No @entity0 showed severe @entity11 changes. By 20 weeks of promotion, a dramatic drop had occurred in the number of lesions with no @entity5 . Most of the @entity0 presented moderate @entity5 , and some already showed severe @entity11 changes. At later stages (30-40 weeks), most of the @entity6 were classified as moderately or severely @entity6 , and several were considered to be @entity3 . This histopathologic evaluation was supported by nuclear measurements performed on @entity6 at different time points. @entity9 followed a similar trend. @entity6 seem to start as diploid lesions, but between 10 and 20 weeks of promotion, @entity4 cells can be observed in almost every @entity0 . In some cases the stem line was taken over by @entity8 clones. At 40 weeks of promotion, all @entity6 were @entity8 , most of them with @entity4 stem lines. A positive correlation was found between the histological and cytogenetic studies, with the most aggressive and @entity0 being the more @entity8 . These results support the idea that most, if not all, @entity6 are truly @entity2 in different stages of the potential progression toward @entity0 . @entity9 might play an important role in the sequence of events leading to @entity0 .

title: Progressive @entity5 and @entity8 are hallmarks of @entity1 skin papillomas: relevance to XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We report a systematic histopathologic study of @entity6 at different times during promotion, correlating the results with those from cytogenetic analysis of the same @entity0 . @entity6 were induced in SENCAR @entity1 by two-stage carcinogenesis ( @entity10 and @entity7 ). Individual @entity0 were randomly sampled at different times during promotion, and histopathologic and cytogenetic studies were carried out on every @entity0 . Early during promotion (10 weeks), most @entity6 were well-differentiated @entity2 with mild or no cellular atypia. No @entity0 showed severe @entity11 changes. By 20 weeks of promotion, a dramatic drop had occurred in the number of lesions with no @entity5 . Most of the @entity0 presented moderate @entity5 , and some already showed severe @entity11 changes. At later stages (30-40 weeks), most of the @entity6 were classified as moderately or severely @entity6 , and several were considered to be @entity3 . This histopathologic evaluation was supported by nuclear measurements performed on @entity6 at different time points. @entity9 followed a similar trend. @entity6 seem to start as diploid lesions, but between 10 and 20 weeks of promotion, @entity4 cells can be observed in almost every @entity0 . In some cases the stem line was taken over by @entity8 clones. At 40 weeks of promotion, all @entity6 were @entity8 , most of them with @entity4 stem lines. A positive correlation was found between the histological and cytogenetic studies, with the most aggressive and @entity0 being the more @entity8 . These results support the idea that most, if not all, @entity6 are truly @entity2 in different stages of the potential progression toward @entity0 . @entity9 might play an important role in the sequence of events leading to @entity0 .

title: Progressive @entity5 and @entity8 are hallmarks of XXXX skin papillomas: relevance to @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study investigated pharmacological manipulations of the cholinergic ( @entity1 ) and dopaminergic (DA) transmitter systems in monkeys with a long-term lead-induced @entity0 on delayed spatial alternation (DSA). Both @entity1 and DA have been found to be affected by developmental lead exposure and to be involved with performance on spatial learning and memory tasks. The lead-induced deficit in performance accuracy on DSA persisted throughout the 2 years of this experiment, which ended more than 8 years after the end of the postnatal lead exposure. Acute administration of agonists and antagonists of the @entity1 and DA systems did not elicit differential effects from the lead-exposed and control groups in terms of DSA per cent correct performance. The @entity1 antagonist, @entity3 , caused a dose-related decline in performance in both groups. Significant amelioration of the lead-induced DSA deficit was achieved by chronic treatment with the DA agonist, L-dopa. After withdrawal from L-dopa, the lead-related deficit reappeared. Improvement in performance of the lead-treated group was also seen after chronic @entity2 administration, but this effect was not significant. These data implicate DA mechanisms in the long-lasting cognitive effects of developmental lead exposure. The alleviation of the deficit with chronic administration of a DA precursor points to a possible line of treatment for the cognitive effects of developmental lead exposure.

title: Psychopharmacological investigations of a lead-induced long-term XXXX in monkeys.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate various haematological parameters, individually and in combination, to formulate a @entity0 ( @entity0 , defined by Rodwell et al.), which can then be used to screen for @entity2 in neonates who are clinically suspected of @entity1 .1 METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 150 neonates (from birth to 3 days old) with clinically suspected @entity1 . Blood was collected by peripheral venepuncture in all neonates. A complete blood count, differential leucocyte count, total leucocyte count (TLC), total neutrophil count (TNC), immature neutrophil count, band form count and platelet count were performed. Immature total neutrophil count (I/T) and immature/mature neutrophil count (I/M) ratios were then obtained. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was measured semiquantitatively and blood culture and antibiotic sensitivity were performed in each case. The haematological parameters were compared individually and in combination (by @entity0 ) with @entity3 . RESULTS: Twenty-one (14%) neonates had blood culture proven @entity2 . On evaluation of various haematological parameters, TLC < 10 x 109/L, TNC < 8 x 109/L, I/M > 0.25, I/T > 0.14, band count > 15% and platelet count < 150 x 109 were found to have optimal sensitivities and negative predictive values (NPV). Using these values, an @entity0 was formulated. A haematological score > or = 3 had a sensitivity of 86% and NPV of 96%. @entity3 as a single test had a sensitivity of 76% and NPV of 96%. A combination of @entity3 with haematological parameters decreased the sensitivity and NPV of the @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: A haematological score can be obtained by a complete blood count and examination of peripheral blood smear, thus permitting an objective assessment of haematological changes that occur in a neonate suspected of @entity2 . @entity3 does not have any advantage over @entity0 , either as a single test or in combination.

title: Utility of haematological parameters and @entity3 in the detection of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate various haematological parameters, individually and in combination, to formulate a @entity0 ( @entity0 , defined by Rodwell et al.), which can then be used to screen for @entity2 in neonates who are clinically suspected of @entity1 .1 METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 150 neonates (from birth to 3 days old) with clinically suspected @entity1 . Blood was collected by peripheral venepuncture in all neonates. A complete blood count, differential leucocyte count, total leucocyte count (TLC), total neutrophil count (TNC), immature neutrophil count, band form count and platelet count were performed. Immature total neutrophil count (I/T) and immature/mature neutrophil count (I/M) ratios were then obtained. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was measured semiquantitatively and blood culture and antibiotic sensitivity were performed in each case. The haematological parameters were compared individually and in combination (by @entity0 ) with @entity3 . RESULTS: Twenty-one (14%) neonates had blood culture proven @entity2 . On evaluation of various haematological parameters, TLC < 10 x 109/L, TNC < 8 x 109/L, I/M > 0.25, I/T > 0.14, band count > 15% and platelet count < 150 x 109 were found to have optimal sensitivities and negative predictive values (NPV). Using these values, an @entity0 was formulated. A haematological score > or = 3 had a sensitivity of 86% and NPV of 96%. @entity3 as a single test had a sensitivity of 76% and NPV of 96%. A combination of @entity3 with haematological parameters decreased the sensitivity and NPV of the @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: A haematological score can be obtained by a complete blood count and examination of peripheral blood smear, thus permitting an objective assessment of haematological changes that occur in a neonate suspected of @entity2 . @entity3 does not have any advantage over @entity0 , either as a single test or in combination.

title: Utility of haematological parameters and XXXX in the detection of @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Mast cells may be recovered from @entity0 subjects by bronchoalveolar lavage. Such bronchoalveolar mast cells will release @entity1 in response to IgE-dependent challenge in a reaction that is dose-, time- and energy-dependent. They possess functional characteristics distinct from dispersed @entity0 lung mast cells. The percentage of mast cells within the bronchoalveolar cell population is critically dependent upon the underlying pathology. Greater numbers of mast cells may be recovered from the bronchoalveolar compartment of extrinsic @entity4 than from controls. In addition, bronchoalveolar mast cells from asthmatic subjects show an increased releasability of @entity1 in response to anti-IgE. Antigen challenge also leads to the release of @entity1 in vitro, demonstrating the potential for the antigen-specific initiation of bronchoconstriction in these subjects. Spontaneous release of @entity1 from bronchoalveolar mast cells of asthmatic subjects was also greater than in controls (up to 46%), a feature which may be related to non-immunological mechanisms of bronchoconstriction. Such non-immunological mechanisms have been further investigated utilising @entity6 as a model of hyperosmolar @entity1 release. @entity6 induced a dose-dependent release of @entity1 from bronchoalveolar mast cells of normal subjects, and this release was significantly inhibited by @entity9 . The @entity7 are putative major mediators of @entity0 @entity3 . After challenge with anti-IgE in vitro, dose-dependent release of @entity2 and @entity5 occurs from the bronchoalveolar cells of normal subjects. The release of @entity8 shows significant correlation with @entity1 release. Lying superficially, bronchoalveolar mast cells would be readily accessible to inhaled antigen. Mediator release from such cells may be relevant to the pathogenesis of @entity3 .

title: The function and properties of XXXX lung mast cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: To compare the quality of MR of urography with intravenous urography, sonography and scintigraphy of urinary tract, presentation of MR urography as a possible substitution of so far used examinations in preoperation @entity1 in upper urinary tract. METHODS: Static MR urography was used to examine 51 @entity0 at the age of one month to 18 years with dilation of upper urinary tract detected by sonography. In 12 of them a dynamic MR study of the kidneys was also performed. Magnetic urography was compared with elimination urography, sonography and dynamic kidney scintigraphy. The detection rate was evaluated within the framework of the complex preoperation examinations for different stages of urinary tract in @entity0 up to 2, 6, 12 and 18 years, respectively. RESULTS: In the total number of 36 kidneys, modified by @entity2 , magnetic urography was evaluated as more precise in 18 cases, elimination urography in eight and both examinations were considered equal in 10 cases. The imaging of megaureters by MR urography was more precise in 7 cases, elimination urography was at the same level six times and less precise in eight @entity0 . The results differed in individual age categories. Sonography imaging of the kidney was good as well as for the lower portion of ureter but insufficient for the middle portion. The same course of excretion curves in dynamic excretion urography and dynamic scintigraphy of the kidney was reached in 6 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: MR urography is capable to provide information on anatomy and function of the whole urinary tract in a single examination, being different from excretion urography by its ability of imaging and evaluating the hypofunctional part of the kidney. It represents a possibility to significantly reduce present examination which exerts a load upon the @entity0 .

title: [Magnetic resonance urography as an indicator for surgical XXXX of the upper urinary tract].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate healthcare utilization and referral patterns for @entity1 management services in a racially and ethnically diverse population. A study-specific mail survey was directed at African- (N=324) and Caucasian Americans (N=300) receiving @entity2 treatment at a tertiary care @entity1 center to address their healthcare access, referral, and utilization patterns. Overall, 46% (N=286) responded, with the majority of respondents being Caucasian Americans (57%) and @entity0 (68%). The majority (58%) reported asking their physicians to refer them to a @entity1 physician. African Americans were more likely to report that @entity2 was a major reason for financial problems. They made significantly more visits to the emergency room for @entity1 care. African Americans agreed more that ethnicity and culture affected access to healthcare and @entity1 management. They also tended to agree more than Caucasian Americans that @entity1 medication could not control @entity1 . These results demonstrate significant differences in healthcare utilization, access, and attitudes amongst African- and Caucasian Americans receiving @entity2 management. In light of the socioeconomic and health consequences of @entity2 , these results suggest the need for further studies addressing variability in @entity1 care access and utilization in diverse populations.

title: @entity0 attitudes regarding healthcare utilization and referral: a descriptive comparison in African- and Caucasian Americans with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate healthcare utilization and referral patterns for @entity1 management services in a racially and ethnically diverse population. A study-specific mail survey was directed at African- (N=324) and Caucasian Americans (N=300) receiving @entity2 treatment at a tertiary care @entity1 center to address their healthcare access, referral, and utilization patterns. Overall, 46% (N=286) responded, with the majority of respondents being Caucasian Americans (57%) and @entity0 (68%). The majority (58%) reported asking their physicians to refer them to a @entity1 physician. African Americans were more likely to report that @entity2 was a major reason for financial problems. They made significantly more visits to the emergency room for @entity1 care. African Americans agreed more that ethnicity and culture affected access to healthcare and @entity1 management. They also tended to agree more than Caucasian Americans that @entity1 medication could not control @entity1 . These results demonstrate significant differences in healthcare utilization, access, and attitudes amongst African- and Caucasian Americans receiving @entity2 management. In light of the socioeconomic and health consequences of @entity2 , these results suggest the need for further studies addressing variability in @entity1 care access and utilization in diverse populations.

title: XXXX attitudes regarding healthcare utilization and referral: a descriptive comparison in African- and Caucasian Americans with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Primary palmar @entity2 is a socially and occupationally debilitating disorder characterized by excessive sweating. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results, complications, and degree of satisfaction among @entity0 who underwent video-assisted bilateral thoracoscopic sympathectomy of the second and third ganglia (T2-T3) to treat primary palmar @entity2 at the Department of General and Thoracic Surgery of the Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena in Seville, Spain. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A study of 226 thoracoscopic sympathectomies was undertaken based on case histories and a prospective pre- and postoperative questionnaire survey. The sample was composed of 113 @entity0 (47 males and 66 females), ranging in age from 14 to 50 years, with primary @entity2 , in some cases severe. Bilateral video-assisted thoracoscopic T2-T3 sympathectomy was performed under general anesthesia in all cases. Follow up included a questionnaire on pre- and postoperative quality of life and degree of satisfaction. Descriptive statistics on the surgical procedure, quality of life, and postoperative changes were compiled and frequency analyzed. A nonparametric Wilcoxon test for paired variables was performed to contrast significant differences between pre- and postoperative quality of life related to @entity2 and its complications. RESULTS: The therapeutic success rate was 100%. Complications were seen in 14.2% of the cases and included hemothorax in two, hemopneumothorax in three, @entity1 in two, and minimal apical airspace in nine. Of the 106 @entity0 who were monitored over a period of 6 to 12 months through follow-up interviews and questionnaires, 67% developed @entity3 , 95% reported improvement in quality of life, and 4% experienced no change in quality of life, mainly because of the emergence of @entity3 . Of the @entity0 interviewed, 97.2% said that they would undergo the operation again. CONCLUSION: Video-assisted thoracoscopic sympathectomy for the treatment of primary palmar @entity2 is effective, with low rates of morbidity and no mortality. Despite the appearance of postoperative changes such as @entity3 , @entity0 satisfaction with the procedure is high and their quality of life improves.

title: [Thoracoscopic sympathectomy for palmar XXXX . Immediate results and postoperative quality of life].

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the role of image-guided drainage in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 11 @entity0 with @entity3 treated either by ultrasonography (three @entity0 ) or computed tomography (CT)-guided drainage (eight @entity0 ). There were eight male and three female @entity0 in our study with ages ranging from 24 to 75 years, mean 56.3 years. All the @entity0 underwent plain radiography, ultrasonography and plain CT of the abdomen. Contrast-enhanced CT was performed in seven @entity0 . RESULTS: Seven of 11 @entity0 , were successfully treated with per cutaneous drainage. One @entity0 died within 24 h (case 2), due to @entity1 . Three @entity0 subsequently required nephrectomy. Replacement of the drainage catheter was required in one @entity0 . The catheter was kept in situ, for an average of 17 days. The catheter drained pus and gas in all @entity0 . The quantity of pus ranged from 300 to 2000 cm(3). All 10 @entity0 improved symptomatically within 24 h of drainage, with improved urine output and serum @entity2 levels within 48 h. CONCLUSION: CT-guided drainage of @entity3 has established itself as a safe, quick and life-saving palliative treatment of choice as opposed to conventional emergency nephrectomy. Excluding the @entity0 who died, the success rate of our study was 70%.

title: Imaging features and guided drainage in XXXX : a study of 11 cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Electrical stimulation of the inferior colliculus (IC) causes a behavioral activation together with autonomic responses similar to fear reactions to threatening situations. GABAergic mechanisms exert a tonic inhibitory control on the neural substrates of aversion in the IC insofar as local injections of @entity3 agonists or antagonists inhibit or mimic these defensive behaviors, respectively. Recently, we have shown that systemic injections of the @entity3 -A receptor agonist @entity5 unexpectedly enhanced the freezing and escape responses provoked by gradual increases in the intensity of the electrical stimulation of the IC. Taking into account that the neural circuits mediated by excitatory @entity4 (EAA) in the IC may be responsible for the integration of fear states, in the present study we examined whether the defensive behavior induced by local injections of @entity2 into the IC is influenced by prior treatment with systemic @entity5 and also whether this GABAergic control could be exerted by GABAergic fibers that project to the inferior colliculus from the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr). @entity0 were implanted with two guide-cannulae aimed at the IC and SNpr through which drug microinfusions with glass micropipette could be made with reduced @entity1 . One week after surgery, the animals received either @entity2 (7 nmol/0.2 microl) or saline into the IC and were placed into the middle of an enclosure where behavioral responses such as freezing, crossings, jumping, rearing, and turnings could be measured as an indirect index of unconditioned fear. These animals were pretreated either with saline or @entity5 (0.5 mg/kg, IP) or with brain injections of saline or @entity5 (1 nmol/0.2   l into SNpr). @entity2 applied into the IC produced a behavioral activation with significant increases in all behavioral measures. IP injections of @entity5 or into the SNpr enhanced the defense reaction caused by microinjections of @entity2 into the IC. These findings give support to the idea that unconditioned defensive responses generated in the IC may be mediated by @entity2 mechanisms. Additionally, a reduction of the inhibitory control exerted by nigrocollicular GABAergic neurons seems to be responsible for the unexpected pro-aversive action of systemic injections of @entity5 on the neural substrates of aversion mediated by @entity2 in the IC.

title: Defense reaction mediated by XXXX mechanisms in the inferior colliculus is modulated by GABAergic nigro-collicular pathways.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: Measurements of the tensile and bending strength of samples of vaginal tissue collected during corrective surgery of prolapse. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our measurements were conducted on two samples of vaginal tissue 2 cm x 2 cm collected during surgical correction of prolapse by vaginal route in 16 post-menopausal @entity0 . The samples were collected from posterior vaginal fundus, were orientated, and then fixed on a plate holding the edges and allowing the tissue to be stretched over an orifice of 1 cm. The tensile measurements were made using a suture passed over this distance of 1 cm in one of the two samples by recording the strength curve in order to evaluate the force at @entity2 of the collagen fibres. The second sample was prepared in the same way and a piston of 1 cm diameter was made to penetrate to determine the strength of breakage of the fibres. The pressure and tensile strength curves were recorded up to @entity2 of the sample, as was the value of the tissue elongation. RESULTS: There was a great variability in the measurements of maximum strength at @entity2 of the vaginal samples and in the elongation before @entity2 of the samples. The mean @entity2 values in tensile tests were 44 and 59 N in bending with extremes of 12 and 130 N. The values of elongation before @entity2 of a 10 mm sample were 23 mm in tensile tests and 11 mm in bending tests. There was a great variability of results from one @entity0 to another. There was no relation between the values observed and the @entity0 age. There was a statistical relation between the elongation values of the samples and the maximum force before @entity2 in both the tensile and bending tests. There was also a relation between the measurement of the maximum force at @entity2 in bending and in tensile tests although there was no such relation in terms of the values of elongation before @entity2 . DISCUSSION: There is no published reference concerning the strength at @entity2 or the tensile strength curves for @entity0 vaginal tissues. Vaginal tissues are however commonly used as a suspension component in the vast majority of operations for correcting prolapse or @entity1 . These suspensions are made by passing a suture through the thickness of the vaginal tissue. The results that we report do however show that these vaginal tissues are very variable in strength from one @entity0 to another. The same finding was made in terms of the elongation values for the vaginal tissue before @entity2 . The values in bending tests showed that the highest @entity2 force values and the greatest mean elongation before @entity2 were lower than in tensile tests. CONCLUSIONS: These findings could explain some failures of these surgical procedures, which are all based on the tensile strength properties. Finally these results could be included in modelling of the reaction of vaginal tissues to the pressure experienced within the vagina.

title: A biomechanical study of the strength of vaginal tissues. Results on 16 post-menopausal XXXX presenting with genital prolapse.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Neural stimulation is a promising new technology for the treatment of medically-intractable @entity3 . Vagus-nerve stimulation (VNS) is licensed in several countries as an adjunctive therapy. VNS is as effective as antiepileptic drug therapy, and serious complications are rare. Transcranial magnetic stimulation is simple, non-invasive, and widely used in neurophysiology. Therapeutic results in a few studies are equivocal at best. Deep brain stimulation, although experimental, has been applied to the cerebellum, caudate nucleus, centromedian thalamus, anterior thalamus, subthalamus, hippocampus, and neocortical @entity3 foci. Preliminary results are encouraging, but not conclusive. Electrode implantation in the brain for indications other than @entity3 has been associated with a 5% risk for @entity4 and 5% for @entity1 . A controlled study of anterior thalamic stimulation in @entity0 with intractable partial and secondarily generalised @entity3 has been started. Future investigations are likely to study extrathalamic sites of stimulation, and effects of stimulation contingent upon detection of or prediction of EEG patterns of @entity2 .

title: Brain stimulation for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Phosphorylation of endogenous and artificial protein substrates by protein kinase P is stimulated by @entity1 or @entity0 (D. J. Klemm, and L. Elias (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 7580-7585; L. Elias and A. Davis (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 7023-7028). Stimulation of protein kinase P activity required phospholipid vesicles rather than free phospholipid molecules. Protein kinase P activity increased as the @entity1 content of the vesicles was raised from 20 to 100%; no stimulation was detected below 20% @entity1 . This suggests that a vesicle surface rich in @entity1 is required for enzyme activation. Maximum activation of protein kinase P activity showed an optimum value with respect to phospholipid concentration, with both endogenous and artificial protein substrates. The phospholipid concentration at which optimal enzyme activity occurred shifted in response to the concentration of protein substrate, but not enzyme concentration. Therefore, the density of substrate molecules on the surface of phospholipid vesicles is a critical feature of protein kinase P stimulation. Binding of protein kinase P to vesicles was independent of micelle composition, but the binding of the artificial substrate, histone H2B, was specific for vesicles containing @entity1 or @entity0 , and increased as the content of @entity1 was increased. Thus, an important feature of protein kinase P activation appeared to be the specific binding of protein substrate to phospholipid vesicles.

title: XXXX -modulated protein kinase activity from human spleen. II. Interaction with phospholipid vesicles.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Myocardial metabolism was studied during rapid atrial pacing in 22 @entity0 with @entity4 and angiographically normal coronary arteries. @entity5 , non esterified @entity2 and @entity3 levels were measured in the coronary arteries and veins under basal conditions, at the peak of atrial pacing and during the recovery phase. A control group of 8 @entity0 had neither @entity1 , or @entity3 production during atrial pacing. A correlation was observed between the coronary arterio-venous difference and arterial @entity5 and non esterified @entity2 levels in the 22 @entity0 during the 3 periods of study. The control @entity0 did not differ significantly from the rest of the population. There was a correlation between the coronary arterio-venous difference and arterial @entity3 levels under basal conditions in all of the study and control groups. This correlation remained significant during atrial pacing and the recovery period only in the control group. It was possible to distinguish a group of 14 @entity0 (64 p. 100) (Group A) with a correlation coefficient of @entity3 production similar to the control group (+/- 2 standard deviations) during atrial pacing, from a second group of 8 @entity0 (36 p. 100) (Group B) with abnormal myocardial metabolism. The arterial @entity3 concentrations were similar in both groups in the 3 periods of study. A coefficient of @entity3 extraction less than 10 p. 100 was observed in 2 @entity0 in Group A and in 7 @entity0 in Group B (88 p. 100, p less than 0.01). One @entity0 in Group B had a coefficient of @entity3 extraction greater than 10 p. 100 (+ 13 p. 100).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Myocardial metabolism in XXXX with angiographically normal coronary arteries].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme was strongly inhibited by @entity2 . The X-ray crystal structures indicated a structural change between the metal-free and @entity2 -containing enzymes (Yang Z, Batra R, Floyd DL, Hung HC, Chang GG, Tong L. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2000;274:440-444). We characterized the reversible slow-binding mechanism and the structural interconversion between @entity1 - and @entity2 -containing @entity0 mitochondrial malic enzymes. When @entity2 was added, the activity of the @entity0 enzyme showed a downward curve over time, similar to that of the pigeon enzyme. The rate of the transformation (k(obs)) from the initial rate to the steady-state rate increased hyperbolically with the concentration of @entity2 , suggesting the involvement of an isomerization step. @entity2 had a much higher affinity for the isomerized form (K*(i,Lu (app)) = 4.8 microM) than that of the native form (K(i,Lu (app)) = 148 microM). When an excess of @entity1 was added to the @entity2 -inhibited enzyme, assays of the kinetic activity showed an upward trend, indicating reactivation. This result also indicated that the reactivation was a slow process. Fluorescence quenching experiments confirmed that the @entity2 -induced isomerization was completely reversible. The dynamic quenching constants for the metal-free, @entity1 -containing, and @entity2 -containing enzyme were 3.08, 3.07, and 3.8 M(-1), respectively. When the @entity2 -containing enzyme was treated with excess @entity1 , the dynamic quenching constant returned to the original value (3.09 M(-1)). These results indicated that binding of @entity1 did not induce any conformational change in the enzyme. The open form transformed to the closed form only after substrate binding. @entity2 , on the other hand, transformed the open form into a catalytically inactive form. Excess @entity1 could replace @entity2 in the metal binding site and convert the inactive form back into the open form. This reversible process was slow in both directions because of the same but opposite structural change involved.

title: Metal-Induced reversible structural interconversion of XXXX mitochondrial NAD(P)+-dependent malic enzyme.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We studied the survival rate and state of recurrence of histologically curatively resected cases in the 1st (Method II) and the 2nd studies of the Cooperative Study Group of Surgical Adjuvant Chemotherapy for @entity1 . The administration of @entity2 combined with Futraful was most effective, but there was no difference of survival rate between the @entity0 in the 1st study given Futraful for 3 months and those in the 2nd study given the drug for 12 months. Irrespective of the kind of drug and term of administration, cases with stage I showing recurrence within 2 years after surgery accounted for ca. 50% of all stage I cases recurring within 5 years. In spite of histological malignancy, cases with stage II showing recurrence within 2 years after surgery accounted for ca. 65% of all stage II cases recurring within 5 years. As to the recurrent hazard rate for each recurrent type of case with stage III, all types showed a high peak between 0.5 and 1.5 years after surgery. The peritoneal metastatic hazard rate was the highest. The hazard rates for Groups B ( @entity2 + Futraful) and C (Futraful) were lower than those for Group A ( @entity2 ). The above findings suggest the importance of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, which is performed repeatedly and intensively for 2 years in order to prevent recurrence.

title: [The problems of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study was conducted to examine follicle growth and intra-ovarian oocyte release in @entity1 ovaries influenced by a local application of @entity3 formation inhibitors. While five @entity1 remained as unstimulated controls, twenty-seven mature @entity1 were hyperstimulated by pure follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) followed by @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at time 0. At the same time, 1 mg lonazolac (lonazolac group), @entity4 ( @entity4 group) or saline (so-called gonadotrophic stimulated controls) was applied into the vagina of each group. Both ovaries of each animal were evaluated morphometrically at 15, 20, 28 and 48 hr after hCG. The absolute numbers of smaller-sized preantral follicles were always higher in the gonadotrophic stimulated controls than in the unstimulated controls, the lonazolac, or the @entity4 group. The numbers of larger-sized preantral and antral follicles showed no differences. Unlike the gonadotrophic stimulated controls and the lonazolac group, the @entity4 group displayed an increase in its mature structures (large-sized antral and preovulatory follicles, follicle and luteinized cysts) from 20 to 28 hr after hCG. Call-Exner bodies underwent pseudomucification in preovulatory follicles. The absolute numbers of Call-Exner bodies were augmented by @entity4 . Maturation division of oocytes began to decrease in all three treated groups between 15 and 20 hr post hCG, but the height of intra-ovarian oocyte release (IOR) appeared at 28 hr. This coincided with a striking @entity2 formation. It is assumed that: 1) lonazolac and @entity4 inhibit early development of proliferating follicles; 2) lonazolac and @entity4 have no effects on the maturation division of the oocyte and of IOR; 3) IOR extends over a longer period after ovulation induction in contrast to the maturation division of the oocyte; and 4) @entity2 formation is related to IOR.

title: Effects of locally applied enzyme inhibitors of the arachidonic acid cascade on follicle growth and intra-ovarian oocyte release in hyperstimulated XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We identified a potential @entity4 ( @entity4 ) binding pleckstrin homology domain in the data bases and have cloned and expressed its full coding sequence ( @entity5 ). The protein bound @entity4 selectively in vitro. Strikingly, a substantial proportion of @entity5 became associated with an unidentified intracellular vesicle population in the context of low @entity4 levels produced by the addition of @entity1 or @entity0 . In addition, expression of platelet-derived growth factor-receptor mutants unable to activate type 1A @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or serum starvation in porcine aortic endothelial cells lead to redistribution of @entity5 to this vesicle population. Importantly, pleckstrin homology domain mutants of @entity5 that could not bind @entity4 were constitutively localized to this vesicle population. At increased @entity4 levels, @entity5 was redirected to a predominantly cytoplasmic distribution, presumably through a @entity2 -dependent block on its targeting to the vesicular compartment. Furthermore, at high, hormone-stimulated @entity4 levels, it became significantly plasma-membrane localized. The distribution of @entity5 is thus dramatically and uniquely sensitive to low levels of @entity4 indicating it can act as a sensor of both low and hormone-stimulated levels of @entity4 . In addition, @entity5 bound to the cytoskeletal adaptor, @entity3 , tightly and in a @entity2 -independent fashion, both in vitro and in vivo. This interaction could co-localize heterologously expressed @entity3 with GFP- @entity5 in the unidentified vesicles.

title: @entity5 is a phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate sensor that can bind the cytoskeletal adaptor, XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We identified a potential @entity4 ( @entity4 ) binding pleckstrin homology domain in the data bases and have cloned and expressed its full coding sequence ( @entity5 ). The protein bound @entity4 selectively in vitro. Strikingly, a substantial proportion of @entity5 became associated with an unidentified intracellular vesicle population in the context of low @entity4 levels produced by the addition of @entity1 or @entity0 . In addition, expression of platelet-derived growth factor-receptor mutants unable to activate type 1A @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or serum starvation in porcine aortic endothelial cells lead to redistribution of @entity5 to this vesicle population. Importantly, pleckstrin homology domain mutants of @entity5 that could not bind @entity4 were constitutively localized to this vesicle population. At increased @entity4 levels, @entity5 was redirected to a predominantly cytoplasmic distribution, presumably through a @entity2 -dependent block on its targeting to the vesicular compartment. Furthermore, at high, hormone-stimulated @entity4 levels, it became significantly plasma-membrane localized. The distribution of @entity5 is thus dramatically and uniquely sensitive to low levels of @entity4 indicating it can act as a sensor of both low and hormone-stimulated levels of @entity4 . In addition, @entity5 bound to the cytoskeletal adaptor, @entity3 , tightly and in a @entity2 -independent fashion, both in vitro and in vivo. This interaction could co-localize heterologously expressed @entity3 with GFP- @entity5 in the unidentified vesicles.

title: XXXX is a phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate sensor that can bind the cytoskeletal adaptor, @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: To distinguish their roles in early kernel development and stress, expression of soluble ( @entity3 ) and insoluble ( @entity4 ) acid invertases was analyzed in young ovaries of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) from 6 d before (-6 d) to 7 d after pollination (+7 d) and in response to perturbation by drought stress treatments. The @entity3 soluble invertase mRNA was more abundant than the @entity4 mRNA throughout pre- and early post-pollination development (peaking at +3 d). In contrast, @entity4 mRNAs increased only after pollination. Drought repression of the @entity3 soluble invertase also preceded changes in @entity4 , with soluble activity responding before pollination (-4 d). Distinct profiles of @entity3 and @entity4 mRNAs correlated with respective enzyme activities and indicated separate roles for these invertases during ovary development and stress. In addition, the drought-induced decrease and developmental changes of ovary @entity2 to @entity0 ratio correlated with activity of soluble but not insoluble invertase. Ovary abscisic acid levels were increased by severe drought only at -6 d and did not appear to directly affect @entity3 expression. In situ analysis showed localized activity and @entity3 mRNA for soluble invertase at sites of phloem-unloading and expanding maternal tissues (greatest in terminal vascular zones and nearby cells of pericarp, pedicel, and basal nucellus). This early pattern of maternal invertase localization is clearly distinct from the well-characterized association of insoluble invertase with the basal endosperm later in development. This localization, the shifts in endogenous @entity2 to @entity0 environment, and the distinct timing of soluble and insoluble invertase expression during development and stress collectively indicate a key role and critical sensitivity of the @entity3 soluble invertase gene during the early, abortion-susceptible phase of development.

title: Soluble invertase expression is an early target of drought stress during the critical, abortion-sensitive phase of young ovary development in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We evaluated the relationship between the acute phase and the development of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and the outcome of renal transplant in @entity0 with Shiga toxin-associated @entity4 ( @entity7 - @entity8 ). A 20-year retrospective study was performed of 66 renal transplants in 62 @entity0 with @entity7 - @entity8 compared with 189 renal allografts in 178 @entity0 with other diseases. Of 62 @entity0 , 61 had >7 days of @entity5 during the acute phase. @entity7 - @entity8 @entity0 survival was not different from controls (92% vs. 83% 15 years after renal transplantation). In the @entity1 (CsA) era, survival of grafts from living related (LRD) and cadaver (CD) donors in @entity7 - @entity8 and control @entity0 was 83% versus 70% ( P<0.03) and 77% versus 49% ( P<0.05) at 10 years. Graft survival in @entity7 - @entity8 and @entity3 /obstructive @entity6 @entity0 was 79% versus 76% ( P=NS), but it was different from that of other diseases (79% vs. 58%, P<0.001). There was no clinical or histopathological evidence of @entity7 - @entity8 recurrence. In conclusion, in @entity7 - @entity8 @entity0 the duration of the acute oliguric period was a good predictor for the progression to @entity2 . Use of CsA and the absence of recurrence of the disease influenced the excellent prognosis in @entity7 - @entity8 @entity0 after renal transplantation. The development of @entity2 in @entity7 - @entity8 could be mediated by non-immunological factors.

title: Shiga toxin-associated XXXX : absence of recurrence after renal transplantation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The time-dependent expression of ubiquitin (Ub) was examined in @entity1 @entity2 and 55 @entity0 @entity2 with different wound ages (groups I: 0-12 h, II: 1-5 days, III: 7-14 days and IV: 17-21 days). In @entity1 skin wound specimens, neutrophils, macrophages and fibroblasts showed intensive Ub-positive reactions in the nuclei. In the @entity0 wound specimens with wound ages between 4 h and 1 day, neutrophils with strong intranuclear positive reactions for Ub were observed. With increasing wound ages, the nuclei of macrophages and fibroblasts were more intensively stained with anti-Ub antibody. Morphometrically, the intranuclear Ub-positive ratios were very low in group I. The skin wound specimens in groups II and IV showed Ub-positive ratios of >10%, and all samples in group III had Ub-positive ratios of >20%. These results suggest that a ratio of >10% for Ub indicates a wound age of at least 1 day. In contrast, Ub-positive ratios of less than 10% indicate a wound age of <1 day. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the Ub-positive ratio between group III and the other three groups. Thus, Ub-positive ratios considerably exceeding 30%, possibly indicate a wound age of 7-14 days. From the viewpoint of a forensic pathology application, the present study showed that Ub is suitable as a marker of wound age determination.

title: Ubiquitin expression in XXXX and its application to forensic wound age determination.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity5 ( @entity2 ) is a local @entity0 with variable degrees of @entity1 . In rare cases pulmonary metastases can be observed. The lesion most frequently occurs in the epiphysis of long tubular bones of the knee region, predominantly affecting young adults after closure of the growth plate. The characteristic histological appearance of @entity2 displays a high number of osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells, which resulted in the classification "osteoclastoma" or " @entity4 ". Apart from the multinucleated giant cells, there are two mononuclear cell types in the @entity2 . The first one has a round morphology and resembles a monocyte. The second cell type is the spindle-shaped, fibroblast-like stromal cell. Cell culture experiments with @entity2 cells revealed the stromal cell to be the proliferating component of the @entity2 . The other two cell types, the monocyte and the multinucleated giant cell, were lost after a few cell culture passages. Furthermore, latest results from @entity2 reveal that the stromal cells secrete a variety of cytokines and differentiation factors, including @entity3 , @entity8 and @entity7 . These molecules are monocyte chemoattractants and are essential for osteoclast differentiation, suggesting that the stromal cell stimulates blood monocyte immigration into @entity0 tissue and enhances their fusion into osteoclast-like, multinucleated giant cells. The multinucleated giant cell itself demonstrates properties of a normal osteoclast that is able to resorb bone leading to extended @entity6 . This new model of @entity2 genesis supports the hypothesis that the stromal cell is the neoplastic component whilst the monocytes and the multinucleated giant cells are just a reactive component of this @entity0 . Taking this into consideration, the nomenclature of the " @entity4 " needs to be reconsidered.

title: [Histogenesis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: To document the acute @entity3 experienced by @entity1 receiving radiation therapy as part of breast-conservation therapy (BCT) for early @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of the medical records of 234 consecutive @entity1 managed with radiation therapy for BCT over a 2-year period. A policy of formal acute @entity3 documentation was present during this period with descriptive measures as well as the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) acute @entity3 scoring system. Cutaneous moist desquamation, peak RTOG score, breast @entity2 and chemotherapy dose intensity were end points assessed. @entity1 and treatment characteristics were investigated for their association with study end points using Chi-squared and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 223 (95%) of @entity1 had data available for analysis. All @entity1 were treated with tangential fields on megavoltage linear accelerators. Eighty-three (37.2%) @entity1 had systemic chemotherapy either delivered simultaneously in 58 and sequentially in 25. Moist desquamation occurred in 70 (31.4%) @entity1 ; principally in the inframammary fold only in 43 (19.3%). Only 12 (5.4%) had a confluent moist reaction. Two hundred and ten (94%) @entity1 had a peak RTOG skin grade of 2 or less. Breast @entity2 was evident at treatment end in 46 (20.5%). On univariate analysis, physical factors, such as @entity1 weight (P<0.001) and breast size (P<0.001), were significantly associated with moist desquamation, as were the volume of breast resected (P=0.02) and the use of chemotherapy (P=0.03). Only the physical factors remained significant on multivariate analysis. The presence of breast @entity2 was associated with surgical factors such as post-operative @entity2 (P<0.001). The use of concurrent chemoradiotherapy did not affect chemotherapy dose intensity, nor did the presence of moist desquamation increase the risk of febrile complications in chemotherapy-related @entity4 . CONCLUSION: This study confirms the relatively low incidence of significant acute @entity3 experienced by @entity1 during radiation therapy as part of BCT. These study data should assist surgeons and @entity1 in the decision-making process for BCT.

title: Impact of radiation therapy on acute XXXX in breast conservation therapy for early @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: To document the acute @entity3 experienced by @entity1 receiving radiation therapy as part of breast-conservation therapy (BCT) for early @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of the medical records of 234 consecutive @entity1 managed with radiation therapy for BCT over a 2-year period. A policy of formal acute @entity3 documentation was present during this period with descriptive measures as well as the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) acute @entity3 scoring system. Cutaneous moist desquamation, peak RTOG score, breast @entity2 and chemotherapy dose intensity were end points assessed. @entity1 and treatment characteristics were investigated for their association with study end points using Chi-squared and logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 223 (95%) of @entity1 had data available for analysis. All @entity1 were treated with tangential fields on megavoltage linear accelerators. Eighty-three (37.2%) @entity1 had systemic chemotherapy either delivered simultaneously in 58 and sequentially in 25. Moist desquamation occurred in 70 (31.4%) @entity1 ; principally in the inframammary fold only in 43 (19.3%). Only 12 (5.4%) had a confluent moist reaction. Two hundred and ten (94%) @entity1 had a peak RTOG skin grade of 2 or less. Breast @entity2 was evident at treatment end in 46 (20.5%). On univariate analysis, physical factors, such as @entity1 weight (P<0.001) and breast size (P<0.001), were significantly associated with moist desquamation, as were the volume of breast resected (P=0.02) and the use of chemotherapy (P=0.03). Only the physical factors remained significant on multivariate analysis. The presence of breast @entity2 was associated with surgical factors such as post-operative @entity2 (P<0.001). The use of concurrent chemoradiotherapy did not affect chemotherapy dose intensity, nor did the presence of moist desquamation increase the risk of febrile complications in chemotherapy-related @entity4 . CONCLUSION: This study confirms the relatively low incidence of significant acute @entity3 experienced by @entity1 during radiation therapy as part of BCT. These study data should assist surgeons and @entity1 in the decision-making process for BCT.

title: Impact of radiation therapy on acute @entity3 in breast conservation therapy for early XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A study was carried out to investigate the effects of ionic strength and monovalent cations on isometric, @entity1 -activated force and rigor responses in mechanically skinned muscle fibres. Three types of skeletal muscle fibres were used: @entity0 fast- and slow-twitch fibres and toad twitch fibres. The contractile apparatus of @entity0 slow-twitch fibres was affected differently from that of @entity0 fast-twitch and amphibian twitch fibres when changing the ionic strength (expressed either in terms of ionic equivalents as I or formally as @entity2 ) and [K+]. Thus, the apparent sensitivity to @entity1 decreased substantially more in slow-twitch fibres (by a factor of 20) than in the other fibre types (by a factor of 12) when I and [K+] were increased from 94 to 354 mM and from 56 to 316 mM respectively. Maximum @entity1 -activated force, however, declined only by a factor of 2.2 in slow-twitch fibres compared with 4.2 in the other fibre types, when I was increased from 154 to 354 mM. In slow-twitch fibres the force oscillations of myofibrillar origin were found to increase substantially in amplitude, duration and frequency at low values of I and almost disappeared at high ionic strength. At low values of I, it was also discovered that ca. 50% of the fast-twitch fibres responded with @entity3 when submaximally activated. The characteristics of these oscillations were different from those of slow-twitch fibres. Rigor force levels were found to decline markedly with increasing iota and [K+] in all fibre types. Unexpectedly, once rigor force was established in a certain ionic environment, the level of force was stable regardless of further changes in ionic strength and monovalent cation concentration. These results indicate that the rigor cross-bridges can be formed in different stable positions and that the probability of attachment in certain positions (rather than the total number of cross-bridges that can be formed) is influenced by the ionic conditions. Further experimental evidence provided in this study shows that the increase in [K+] is mainly responsible for the decrease of the @entity1 -sensitivity of the contractile apparatus and that ionic strength (expressed as I rather than @entity2 ) influences markedly the maximal @entity1 -activated force, the maximum steepness of the pCa-force relations and the oscillatory processes of myofibrillar origin.

title: Potassium and ionic strength effects on the isometric force of skinned twitch muscle fibres of the XXXX and toad.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effects of @entity6 (VCR) in combination with @entity3 ( @entity4 ) and other antitumor agents were evaluated by cell growth inhibition assay using a @entity0 @entity2 cell line (MOLT-3). The data were analyzed with the aid of an isobologram using the concept of an envelope of additivity (G. G. Steel and M. J. Peckman, Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., 5:85-91, 1979). Simultaneous exposure of VCR and @entity4 produced subadditive or mutually protective interactions. Sequential exposure to VCR first followed immediately by @entity4 produced similar interactions. When the interval of VCR exposure first and then @entity4 was increased from 0 to 3, 8, and 24 h, the inhibition of cell growth moved from protection and subadditivity to additivity only. The reversed order of exposure to the 2 drugs produced an entirely different picture. Thus, when the interval of @entity4 exposure first followed by VCR increased from 0 to 3, 8, and 24 h, the inhibitory effects of the combination changed progressively from the area of subadditivity to the area of supraadditivity. When these data were evaluated using median effect plot analyses (T-C. Chou and P. Talalay. In: New Avenues in Developmental @entity1 Chemotherapy, pp. 36-64. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, 1987), strongly synergistic interaction of this sequence at space intervals was confirmed. These data show that the synergistic effects were produced only when @entity4 was followed 8 or 24 h later by VCR. Other schedules were only additive or even antagonistic. Simultaneous exposure of VCR with @entity8 , @entity10 , or @entity5 also had subadditive and protective effects. VCR, followed by @entity8 with the interval of 24 h and vice versa, was again subadditive and protective. VCR, followed by @entity10 with the interval of 24 h and vice versa, was again subadditive or additive only. Simultaneous and continuous exposures of VCR with @entity9 or @entity7 were only marginally supraadditive.

title: Effects of @entity6 in combination with XXXX and other antitumor agents in @entity0 @entity2 cells in culture.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effects of @entity6 (VCR) in combination with @entity3 ( @entity4 ) and other antitumor agents were evaluated by cell growth inhibition assay using a @entity0 @entity2 cell line (MOLT-3). The data were analyzed with the aid of an isobologram using the concept of an envelope of additivity (G. G. Steel and M. J. Peckman, Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., 5:85-91, 1979). Simultaneous exposure of VCR and @entity4 produced subadditive or mutually protective interactions. Sequential exposure to VCR first followed immediately by @entity4 produced similar interactions. When the interval of VCR exposure first and then @entity4 was increased from 0 to 3, 8, and 24 h, the inhibition of cell growth moved from protection and subadditivity to additivity only. The reversed order of exposure to the 2 drugs produced an entirely different picture. Thus, when the interval of @entity4 exposure first followed by VCR increased from 0 to 3, 8, and 24 h, the inhibitory effects of the combination changed progressively from the area of subadditivity to the area of supraadditivity. When these data were evaluated using median effect plot analyses (T-C. Chou and P. Talalay. In: New Avenues in Developmental @entity1 Chemotherapy, pp. 36-64. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, 1987), strongly synergistic interaction of this sequence at space intervals was confirmed. These data show that the synergistic effects were produced only when @entity4 was followed 8 or 24 h later by VCR. Other schedules were only additive or even antagonistic. Simultaneous exposure of VCR with @entity8 , @entity10 , or @entity5 also had subadditive and protective effects. VCR, followed by @entity8 with the interval of 24 h and vice versa, was again subadditive and protective. VCR, followed by @entity10 with the interval of 24 h and vice versa, was again subadditive or additive only. Simultaneous and continuous exposures of VCR with @entity9 or @entity7 were only marginally supraadditive.

title: Effects of @entity6 in combination with @entity3 and other antitumor agents in @entity0 XXXX cells in culture.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of @entity6 (VCR) in combination with @entity3 ( @entity4 ) and other antitumor agents were evaluated by cell growth inhibition assay using a @entity0 @entity2 cell line (MOLT-3). The data were analyzed with the aid of an isobologram using the concept of an envelope of additivity (G. G. Steel and M. J. Peckman, Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., 5:85-91, 1979). Simultaneous exposure of VCR and @entity4 produced subadditive or mutually protective interactions. Sequential exposure to VCR first followed immediately by @entity4 produced similar interactions. When the interval of VCR exposure first and then @entity4 was increased from 0 to 3, 8, and 24 h, the inhibition of cell growth moved from protection and subadditivity to additivity only. The reversed order of exposure to the 2 drugs produced an entirely different picture. Thus, when the interval of @entity4 exposure first followed by VCR increased from 0 to 3, 8, and 24 h, the inhibitory effects of the combination changed progressively from the area of subadditivity to the area of supraadditivity. When these data were evaluated using median effect plot analyses (T-C. Chou and P. Talalay. In: New Avenues in Developmental @entity1 Chemotherapy, pp. 36-64. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, 1987), strongly synergistic interaction of this sequence at space intervals was confirmed. These data show that the synergistic effects were produced only when @entity4 was followed 8 or 24 h later by VCR. Other schedules were only additive or even antagonistic. Simultaneous exposure of VCR with @entity8 , @entity10 , or @entity5 also had subadditive and protective effects. VCR, followed by @entity8 with the interval of 24 h and vice versa, was again subadditive and protective. VCR, followed by @entity10 with the interval of 24 h and vice versa, was again subadditive or additive only. Simultaneous and continuous exposures of VCR with @entity9 or @entity7 were only marginally supraadditive.

title: Effects of XXXX in combination with @entity3 and other antitumor agents in @entity0 @entity2 cells in culture.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The effects of @entity6 (VCR) in combination with @entity3 ( @entity4 ) and other antitumor agents were evaluated by cell growth inhibition assay using a @entity0 @entity2 cell line (MOLT-3). The data were analyzed with the aid of an isobologram using the concept of an envelope of additivity (G. G. Steel and M. J. Peckman, Int. J. Radiat. Oncol., 5:85-91, 1979). Simultaneous exposure of VCR and @entity4 produced subadditive or mutually protective interactions. Sequential exposure to VCR first followed immediately by @entity4 produced similar interactions. When the interval of VCR exposure first and then @entity4 was increased from 0 to 3, 8, and 24 h, the inhibition of cell growth moved from protection and subadditivity to additivity only. The reversed order of exposure to the 2 drugs produced an entirely different picture. Thus, when the interval of @entity4 exposure first followed by VCR increased from 0 to 3, 8, and 24 h, the inhibitory effects of the combination changed progressively from the area of subadditivity to the area of supraadditivity. When these data were evaluated using median effect plot analyses (T-C. Chou and P. Talalay. In: New Avenues in Developmental @entity1 Chemotherapy, pp. 36-64. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, 1987), strongly synergistic interaction of this sequence at space intervals was confirmed. These data show that the synergistic effects were produced only when @entity4 was followed 8 or 24 h later by VCR. Other schedules were only additive or even antagonistic. Simultaneous exposure of VCR with @entity8 , @entity10 , or @entity5 also had subadditive and protective effects. VCR, followed by @entity8 with the interval of 24 h and vice versa, was again subadditive and protective. VCR, followed by @entity10 with the interval of 24 h and vice versa, was again subadditive or additive only. Simultaneous and continuous exposures of VCR with @entity9 or @entity7 were only marginally supraadditive.

title: Effects of @entity6 in combination with @entity3 and other antitumor agents in XXXX @entity2 cells in culture.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity8 is a polysulfonated naphthylurea that inhibits the function of growth factors and growth factor receptors implicated in @entity2 progression, angiogenesis, and radioresistance. The safety and benefits of combining inhibitors of angiogenesis and growth factors with cytotoxic therapies in @entity0 with @entity1 of the central nervous system remain unclear. The objectives of this phase 2 study were to determine the safety of administering @entity8 with standard cranial radiotherapy (RT) and to estimate survival using this approach in @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Fifty-five @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity6 (Karnofsky performance status >or= 60) were enrolled in this multicenter phase 2 study. @entity0 received @entity8 by a conventional intermittent fixed-dosing regimen for 1 week prior to and during cranial RT (60 Gy in 30 fractions, weeks 2-7). @entity0 with stable or responsive disease at week 18 received an additional 4 weeks of @entity8 (weeks 19-22). The median survival for @entity8 -treated @entity0 was 11.6 months, with 1-year and 18-month survival rates of 49% (95% confidence interval [CI], 36%-62%) and 18% (95% CI, 8%-28%), respectively. Overall, 55% of the @entity0 (30/55) had greater than grade 2 @entity4 at least possibly related to @entity8 therapy. Two @entity0 died of possibly related neurologic events (i.e., @entity3 , @entity5 ). Otherwise, @entity4 were generally transient and self-limited. Administration of @entity8 using an intermittent fixed-dosing regimen during cranial RT was generally well tolerated. However, overall survival is not significantly improved when compared with the New Approaches to @entity7 Therapy @entity6 database or other comparable @entity0 populations.

title: XXXX and radiotherapy in newly diagnosed @entity6 : phase 2 NABTT CNS Consortium study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity8 is a polysulfonated naphthylurea that inhibits the function of growth factors and growth factor receptors implicated in @entity2 progression, angiogenesis, and radioresistance. The safety and benefits of combining inhibitors of angiogenesis and growth factors with cytotoxic therapies in @entity0 with @entity1 of the central nervous system remain unclear. The objectives of this phase 2 study were to determine the safety of administering @entity8 with standard cranial radiotherapy (RT) and to estimate survival using this approach in @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Fifty-five @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity6 (Karnofsky performance status >or= 60) were enrolled in this multicenter phase 2 study. @entity0 received @entity8 by a conventional intermittent fixed-dosing regimen for 1 week prior to and during cranial RT (60 Gy in 30 fractions, weeks 2-7). @entity0 with stable or responsive disease at week 18 received an additional 4 weeks of @entity8 (weeks 19-22). The median survival for @entity8 -treated @entity0 was 11.6 months, with 1-year and 18-month survival rates of 49% (95% confidence interval [CI], 36%-62%) and 18% (95% CI, 8%-28%), respectively. Overall, 55% of the @entity0 (30/55) had greater than grade 2 @entity4 at least possibly related to @entity8 therapy. Two @entity0 died of possibly related neurologic events (i.e., @entity3 , @entity5 ). Otherwise, @entity4 were generally transient and self-limited. Administration of @entity8 using an intermittent fixed-dosing regimen during cranial RT was generally well tolerated. However, overall survival is not significantly improved when compared with the New Approaches to @entity7 Therapy @entity6 database or other comparable @entity0 populations.

title: @entity8 and radiotherapy in newly diagnosed XXXX : phase 2 NABTT CNS Consortium study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The primary objective of this study was to determine the proportion of @entity0 exhibiting a radiographic response in a cohort of @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 who were treated with @entity7 . Secondary objectives were to determine progression-free survival, overall survival, and @entity2 . The trial was terminated after the first 18 @entity0 were enrolled in this multicenter, 2-stage, phase 2 study. Twelve @entity0 received concurrent enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs, and 6 did not. Each cycle consisted of a 90-min i.v. infusion of @entity7 every week for 4 consecutive weeks, followed by 2 weeks off. One @entity0 had a complete response, 5 @entity0 had stable disease, 5 @entity0 had radiographic progression, 6 @entity0 were removed from the study because of @entity2 , and 1 @entity0 refused further therapy and was removed from the study. The response rate in this study was 6% (1/18), and 28% (5/18) of these @entity0 progressed while receiving @entity7 . Dose-limiting @entity2 consisted of @entity4 in 5 @entity0 , @entity5 in 1 @entity0 , @entity3 in 1 @entity0 , and @entity6 in 1 @entity0 . @entity7 had minimal efficacy in this cohort of 18 @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 . @entity2 was significant but similar to that reported in other @entity0 populations.

title: Phase 2 study of weekly @entity7 in adults with recurrent XXXX : final report of NABTT 97-11.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The primary objective of this study was to determine the proportion of @entity0 exhibiting a radiographic response in a cohort of @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 who were treated with @entity7 . Secondary objectives were to determine progression-free survival, overall survival, and @entity2 . The trial was terminated after the first 18 @entity0 were enrolled in this multicenter, 2-stage, phase 2 study. Twelve @entity0 received concurrent enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs, and 6 did not. Each cycle consisted of a 90-min i.v. infusion of @entity7 every week for 4 consecutive weeks, followed by 2 weeks off. One @entity0 had a complete response, 5 @entity0 had stable disease, 5 @entity0 had radiographic progression, 6 @entity0 were removed from the study because of @entity2 , and 1 @entity0 refused further therapy and was removed from the study. The response rate in this study was 6% (1/18), and 28% (5/18) of these @entity0 progressed while receiving @entity7 . Dose-limiting @entity2 consisted of @entity4 in 5 @entity0 , @entity5 in 1 @entity0 , @entity3 in 1 @entity0 , and @entity6 in 1 @entity0 . @entity7 had minimal efficacy in this cohort of 18 @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 . @entity2 was significant but similar to that reported in other @entity0 populations.

title: Phase 2 study of weekly XXXX in adults with recurrent @entity1 : final report of NABTT 97-11.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Records of levels of school achievement in long-term survivors of childhood @entity3 were obtained for 23 @entity0 who had received 2,400-rad cranial irradiation and intrathecal @entity4 and standard chemotherapeutic agents 8 to 10 years previously. The @entity0 had been evaluated with standardized tests of intelligence at the time of diagnosis and periodically thereafter. Declines in IQ and @entity1 have been previously described. School placements, educational histories, attendance records, learning strengths and weaknesses, social/emotional adjustments, and grade level achievements in reading and mathematics as measured by standardized achievement tests are reported here. @entity0 achieved less than the expected levels in both reading and mathematics given both pretreatment and most recent IQ scores. Neither sex nor initial IQ were related to achievement scores. @entity0 experienced difficulty with attention/concentration, memory, sequencing, and comprehension when performing school tasks. Individual @entity0 showed @entity2 , but results of this study suggest that there are patterns of specific @entity5 rather than global retardation. A small number of @entity0 achieved greater than expected levels, indicating that individualized instruction, tutoring, and parental support may reduce some @entity5 . Early educational intervention is recommended for similarly treated @entity0 .

title: Educational late effects in long-term survivors of childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this survey was to determine the prevalence of @entity2 in @entity0 aged 4-13 yr from two schools, one (S1) having a higher socioeconomic status than the other (S2). In all, 846 @entity0 were examined, 463 from S1 and 383 from S2, of whom 555 were @entity0 and 291 were @entity0 . There were 359 @entity0 and 104 @entity0 in S1; 196 @entity0 and 187 @entity0 in S2. Fifteen different lesion types were discerned. The most frequent ones were recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) (92 cases); fissured @entity3 (54); herpes labialis (44); @entity3 (30); @entity4 (25); smooth tongue (22); and @entity1 (17). An outstanding finding was the contrasting distribution of certain lesion types in the two schools. RAU was observed in 19% of the @entity0 from S1, making up 50% of all lesions detected. However, in S2 only 2% exhibited RAU, making up less than 4% of observed lesions. On the other hand, herpes labialis was seen in 1% of S1 and 10% of S2 @entity0 , regardless of age or sex. @entity1 was found in 3.2% in S1 and 0.5% in S2; fissured @entity3 in 2.9% in S1 and 12.8% in S2; and @entity3 in 1.1% in S1 and 6.5% in S2. Therefore, there were no statistical differences between the schools in the ratio of total lesions observed to @entity0 examined, but a significant difference was apparent when individual lesions were taken into account.

title: Influence of socioeconomic status on XXXX prevalence in schoolchildren.

answer: @entity2


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Interpectoral nodes can be the initial site of recurrent @entity0 . DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Comprehensive breast center, located in a university-based tertiary care center. @entity1 : All @entity1 undergoing operations for @entity0 at our breast center from 1995 to 2002 were reviewed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity1 with interpectoral node recurrence as the initial site of recurrent @entity0 were identified. RESULTS: During the 8-year period, 4097 @entity1 underwent surgical management for @entity0 . During this time, 4 @entity1 (0.1%) had recurrence at the interpectoral nodes. Three of the 4 @entity1 were node-negative at the original operation. All lesions were mammographically occult. Preoperative needle biopsy was effective in the confirmation of malignancy. All 4 underwent excision without complications. CONCLUSIONS: Recurrence at the interpectoral nodes can be the initial site of surgical failure. These nodes may represent the site of primary drainage in a percentage of @entity1 . The sentinel node identification technique, therefore, should diminish the number of @entity1 affected by recurrence at this site. In @entity1 with a palpable mass in the infraclavicular location, however, a high index of suspicion should be maintained. Workup should include additional breast imaging and needle biopsy prior to operation.

title: Interpectoral nodes as the initial site of recurrence in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Almost 3 million Americans have abused heroin. The most effective treatment for this concerning epidemic is opioid replacement therapy. Although, from a historical perspective, acceptance of this therapy has been slow, growing evidence supports its efficacy. There are 3 approved medications for opioid maintenance therapy: @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity4 . Each has unique characteristics that determine its suitability for an individual @entity0 . @entity3 have been reported with @entity2 and @entity7 , but not with @entity4 . Due to concerns about cardiac risk, @entity7 use has declined and the product may ultimately be discontinued. These recent safety concerns, specifics about opioid detoxification and maintenance, and new federal initiatives were studied. @entity5 has a role in both preventing acute withdrawal and maintaining long-term abstinence. Although only a minority of eligible @entity0 are engaged in treatment, opioid maintenance therapy appears to offer the greatest public health benefits. There is growing interest in expanding treatment into primary care, allowing opioid addiction to be managed like other @entity1 . This model has gained wide acceptance in Europe and is now being implemented in the United States. The recent Drug Addiction Treatment Act enables qualified physicians to treat opioid-dependent @entity0 with @entity4 in an office-based setting. Mainstreaming opioid addiction treatment has many advantages; its success will depend on resolution of ethical and delivery system issues as well as improved and expanded training of physicians in addiction medicine.

title: Treating XXXX . Growing implications for primary care.

answer: @entity5


abstract: FSH, LH, @entity1 and @entity2 were serially assayed during 8 cycles of six subjects using six subdermal implants releasing @entity4 (NORPLANT) for a period of 2 to 6 years. All 8 cycles studied had a very low LH peak and a low or nonexistent FSH peak as compared to 8 control cycles. The mean LH peak for NORPLANT users was 33.9 mIU/ml as compared to 142 mIU/ml in the control group; and FSH was 13.0 mIU/ml as compared to 31.3 mIU/ml in controls. A subsequent rise in @entity2 was observed in the 8 cycles studied, but the mean mid-luteal levels were significantly lower than in controls (9.0 ng/ml vs. 15.6 ng/ml). No differences were observed in the @entity1 curve. Two of the subjects using NORPLANT had a laparotomy performed on days 17 and 20 of the cycle, for surgical sterilization purposes. A distinctive corpus luteum with a stigma was observed. Our results indicate that @entity0 under prolonged use of @entity4 do not have normal endocrine cycles, even though they may ovulate. It is doubtful however, that these ovulatory cycles can be fertile under the abnormal endocrine conditions found in our subjects. In addition to the possible effect of @entity3 , the normal maturation of the oocyte may be impaired.

title: Abnormal endocrine profile among XXXX with confirmed or presumed ovulation during long-term Norplant use.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Liver metastases from @entity2 easily invade the Glisson's triad and sometimes have @entity1 growth. This behavior is by no means rare, and causes the cut end of the Glisson's triad to be positive for @entity1 . We report here a 72-year-old Japanese @entity0 with a medical history of ascending @entity6 in whom enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a low-density mass in the caudate lobe of the liver and dilatation of the peripheral intrahepatic bile duct. He underwent right hemihepatectomy and caudate lobectomy. The resected specimen showed a polypoid @entity1 in the bile duct lumen, with minimal @entity3 ; the @entity1 was similar to @entity4 . Histological findings proved it to be well-differentiated @entity5 . Immunochemically, the @entity1 cells were positive for @entity7 , but negative for @entity8 , and we finally diagnosed him with intrabiliary polypoid growth of liver metastasis from @entity6 . For complete surgical resection, it is very important to diagnose @entity1 growth. However, we could not diagnose it preoperatively in spite of the CT detecting an @entity1 , because the CT revealed no extrabiliary @entity3 . We have to pay attention to the fact that CT rarely demonstrates only intrabiliary growth without @entity1 .

title: Intrabiliary polypoid growth of liver metastasis from XXXX with minimal @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Liver metastases from @entity2 easily invade the Glisson's triad and sometimes have @entity1 growth. This behavior is by no means rare, and causes the cut end of the Glisson's triad to be positive for @entity1 . We report here a 72-year-old Japanese @entity0 with a medical history of ascending @entity6 in whom enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed a low-density mass in the caudate lobe of the liver and dilatation of the peripheral intrahepatic bile duct. He underwent right hemihepatectomy and caudate lobectomy. The resected specimen showed a polypoid @entity1 in the bile duct lumen, with minimal @entity3 ; the @entity1 was similar to @entity4 . Histological findings proved it to be well-differentiated @entity5 . Immunochemically, the @entity1 cells were positive for @entity7 , but negative for @entity8 , and we finally diagnosed him with intrabiliary polypoid growth of liver metastasis from @entity6 . For complete surgical resection, it is very important to diagnose @entity1 growth. However, we could not diagnose it preoperatively in spite of the CT detecting an @entity1 , because the CT revealed no extrabiliary @entity3 . We have to pay attention to the fact that CT rarely demonstrates only intrabiliary growth without @entity1 .

title: Intrabiliary polypoid growth of liver metastasis from @entity6 with minimal XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The efficacy, safety and effect of a single, 1-g dose of @entity7 on the return of vaginal flora were compared to those of the standard regimen of three 2-g doses of @entity4 for prophylaxis in 99 randomized @entity0 undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. Thirty-four were studied in Dallas and 65 in Los Angeles. Surgical procedures were comparable for all the antibiotic groups, although proportionately more simple hysterectomies were performed in Dallas. The @entity0 received a @entity5 vaginal preparation immediately before surgery; vaginal packs, when used, contained no antimicrobial agents. Primary prophylactic failure (operative site @entity1 ) occurred in 1 of 52 (1.9%) and 4 of 47 (8.5%) of the @entity7 - and @entity4 -treated @entity0 , respectively, for a nonsignificant difference. All five primary prophylactic failures occurred in the Los Angeles @entity0 . One @entity0 in each antibiotic group developed a @entity2 and was classified as a secondary prophylactic failure. Febrile morbidity, length of hospital stay and incidence of adverse effects did not differ by antibiotic. The enterococcus was commonly found in the postoperative vaginal flora and was of no value in predicting @entity1 . Enterobacter species and @entity3 were isolated more commonly in @entity0 who received @entity4 . Diphtheroids, @entity6 and Peptostreptococcus species were isolated more commonly in @entity0 treated with @entity7 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Efficacy and safety of single-dose XXXX vs. multiple-dose @entity4 in preventing @entity1 after vaginal hysterectomy.

answer: @entity7