abstract: OBJECTIVES: In monochorionic twin pregnancy in which one twin is a nonviable fetus, selective feticide may be considered. We aimed to occlude the umbilical cord with a @entity1 for doing so. STUDY DESIGN: This was a multicenter experience in 10 consecutive @entity0 either with @entity3 and one fetus affected by a condition not compatible with normal extrauterine life or with acardiac twinning. RESULTS: There were no intraoperative problems, and the mean procedure time was 17.5 minutes. The flow was stopped in all 10 cases. Two cases were complicated by rupture of the fetal membranes within 2 days, and the pregnancies were terminated. The other 8 pregnancies resulted in the live birth of a healthy baby. The mean interval between procedure and birth was 15.1 weeks (range, 7-20 weeks). In one @entity0 emergency cesarean delivery for abruptio placentae was done at 26 weeks, 7 weeks after the procedure. The other 7 @entity0 were delivered beyond the 36th week of gestation. All 8 @entity0 are alive and well, with a mean follow-up of at least 1 year. CONCLUSION: @entity1 is a safe, effective, and simple procedure for @entity2 that is feasible through a single port and can be performed solely under ultrasonographic guidance.

title: XXXX of the umbilical cord in complicated monochorionic twin pregnancy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine the rate of prenatal diagnosis and surgical outcome of all cases of @entity5 reported to the Northern Region @entity1 Survey. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was conducted on maternal and @entity0 case notes of all cases of @entity5 in the Northern Region from 1985-1997, inclusive. RESULTS: A total of 176 cases of @entity5 was reported, and 158 diagnoses were confirmed after birth. Six cases were excluded because of incomplete data. Among the 32 @entity0 in whom @entity5 was suspected antenatally because of an absent stomach bubble and hydramnios, 14 (44%) had @entity5 confirmed postnatally. In 10 of the 18 @entity0 with false-positive diagnoses the stomach was subsequently seen. @entity5 should have been suspected prenatally in a further 38 @entity0 with @entity9 , 3 of whom also had an absent stomach bubble. There were 12 pregnancy terminations, 1 spontaneous abortion, and 19 perinatal @entity2 (including 9 @entity8 ). Among the @entity0 with @entity5 , 63.2% had associated anomalies (including 5.3% with @entity7 ), and 78.4% of these anomalies were missed prenatally. Among the live births 21.5% of the @entity0 had a birth weight below the 5th percentile. One hundred eight (90%) had @entity5 with a @entity10 , and overall 102 (85%) underwent a primary repair. Among the 120 @entity0 who underwent surgical treatment 11 subsequently died, and 6 of these @entity2 were related to @entity3 . Thirty-nine @entity0 (32.5%) had postoperative @entity4 , necessitating fundoplication in 21 cases. At 2-year follow-up 23 of 89 @entity0 had @entity6 , for which 7 still required a gastrostomy or jejunostomy. @entity0 in whom the condition was diagnosed prenatally were more likely to need prolonged mechanical ventilation, to have a longer hospital stay, and to have long-term gastrointestinal problems. CONCLUSIONS: Most cases of @entity5 are not suspected prenatally. Among fetuses with ultrasonographic features suggestive of @entity5 , 50% have the disorder confirmed postnatally. Overall perinatal and @entity0 mortality rate among those with @entity5 is high (21.6%), and a further 21% of affected @entity0 have significant morbidity after the age of 2 years.

title: XXXX in the Northern Region @entity1 Survey, 1985-1997: prenatal diagnosis and outcome.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to determine the rate of prenatal diagnosis and surgical outcome of all cases of @entity5 reported to the Northern Region @entity1 Survey. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was conducted on maternal and @entity0 case notes of all cases of @entity5 in the Northern Region from 1985-1997, inclusive. RESULTS: A total of 176 cases of @entity5 was reported, and 158 diagnoses were confirmed after birth. Six cases were excluded because of incomplete data. Among the 32 @entity0 in whom @entity5 was suspected antenatally because of an absent stomach bubble and hydramnios, 14 (44%) had @entity5 confirmed postnatally. In 10 of the 18 @entity0 with false-positive diagnoses the stomach was subsequently seen. @entity5 should have been suspected prenatally in a further 38 @entity0 with @entity9 , 3 of whom also had an absent stomach bubble. There were 12 pregnancy terminations, 1 spontaneous abortion, and 19 perinatal @entity2 (including 9 @entity8 ). Among the @entity0 with @entity5 , 63.2% had associated anomalies (including 5.3% with @entity7 ), and 78.4% of these anomalies were missed prenatally. Among the live births 21.5% of the @entity0 had a birth weight below the 5th percentile. One hundred eight (90%) had @entity5 with a @entity10 , and overall 102 (85%) underwent a primary repair. Among the 120 @entity0 who underwent surgical treatment 11 subsequently died, and 6 of these @entity2 were related to @entity3 . Thirty-nine @entity0 (32.5%) had postoperative @entity4 , necessitating fundoplication in 21 cases. At 2-year follow-up 23 of 89 @entity0 had @entity6 , for which 7 still required a gastrostomy or jejunostomy. @entity0 in whom the condition was diagnosed prenatally were more likely to need prolonged mechanical ventilation, to have a longer hospital stay, and to have long-term gastrointestinal problems. CONCLUSIONS: Most cases of @entity5 are not suspected prenatally. Among fetuses with ultrasonographic features suggestive of @entity5 , 50% have the disorder confirmed postnatally. Overall perinatal and @entity0 mortality rate among those with @entity5 is high (21.6%), and a further 21% of affected @entity0 have significant morbidity after the age of 2 years.

title: @entity5 in the Northern Region XXXX Survey, 1985-1997: prenatal diagnosis and outcome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. The effects of the K+ channel opener @entity5 and the @entity4 -containing @entity0 and @entity3 channel blocker @entity7 were tested in @entity1 cardiac Purkinje tissue. 2. Both drugs shortened action potential duration (APD). For @entity7 (0.1-1.0 mmol/L), the reductions in APD were statistically significant at the 25% level of repolarization (APD25) for 0.1 mmol/L (P < 0.05, n = 14) and 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L (P < 0.01, n = 6), at the 50% level of repolarization (APD50) for 0.1 mmol/L (P < 0.05, n = 14) and 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L (P < 0.01, n = 6) and at the 90% level of repolarization (APD90) for 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L (P < 0.01, n = 6). In contrast, @entity5 (0.05-0.1 mmol/L) significantly shortened APD at all levels of repolarizations, with the APD50 and APD90 reduced most significantly (P < 0.01, n = 6) for higher concentrations of the drug (0.07-0.1 mmol/L). Both drugs significantly reduced the force of contraction. 3. @entity5 (10 experiments) was more potent in suppressing @entity6 -induced @entity2 than @entity7 (three of seven experiments). @entity7 reduced APD even further in the presence of @entity5 . 4. Although @entity7 and @entity5 modulate different ion channels, it appears APD shortening may be a necessary, but insufficient, factor for the suppression of @entity6 -induced @entity2 .

title: Role of action potential shortening in the prevention of XXXX in @entity1 cardiac tissue.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. The effects of the K+ channel opener @entity5 and the @entity4 -containing @entity0 and @entity3 channel blocker @entity7 were tested in @entity1 cardiac Purkinje tissue. 2. Both drugs shortened action potential duration (APD). For @entity7 (0.1-1.0 mmol/L), the reductions in APD were statistically significant at the 25% level of repolarization (APD25) for 0.1 mmol/L (P < 0.05, n = 14) and 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L (P < 0.01, n = 6), at the 50% level of repolarization (APD50) for 0.1 mmol/L (P < 0.05, n = 14) and 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L (P < 0.01, n = 6) and at the 90% level of repolarization (APD90) for 0.5 and 1.0 mmol/L (P < 0.01, n = 6). In contrast, @entity5 (0.05-0.1 mmol/L) significantly shortened APD at all levels of repolarizations, with the APD50 and APD90 reduced most significantly (P < 0.01, n = 6) for higher concentrations of the drug (0.07-0.1 mmol/L). Both drugs significantly reduced the force of contraction. 3. @entity5 (10 experiments) was more potent in suppressing @entity6 -induced @entity2 than @entity7 (three of seven experiments). @entity7 reduced APD even further in the presence of @entity5 . 4. Although @entity7 and @entity5 modulate different ion channels, it appears APD shortening may be a necessary, but insufficient, factor for the suppression of @entity6 -induced @entity2 .

title: Role of action potential shortening in the prevention of @entity2 in XXXX cardiac tissue.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: to predict @entity7 content of the habitual diets of free-living subjects from urine and plasma concentrations of @entity7 . DESIGN: Ten type 2 @entity1 @entity0 (five male, five female), mean age 60 (s.e.m. 7) y and BMI 30.2 (s.e.m. 3.5) kg/m2 were treated in a random crossover design for a 2 week period on either a low @entity6 diet or on the same diet supplemented at one of two high @entity7 levels (total 77.3 or 110.4 mg/day) provided by supplements of 1500 ml tea daily and 400 g fried white onion in olive oil with and without @entity2 ketchup and herbs. SETTING: Glasgow Royal Infirmary, University of Glasgow, Scotland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fasting plasma concentration, urine concentration and 24 h excretion of @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity8 and @entity3 . RESULTS: Plasma @entity5 concentration (r=0.750, P=0.001), 24 h urine concentration (r=0.847, P=0.001) and 24 h urine excretion (r=0.728, P=<0.001) were all highly significantly related to dietary intake and gave similar estimates of intakes. Fasting plasma @entity7 concentrations on habitual diets ranged from 0 to 43.7 ng/ml mean. Regression equations were constricted: total @entity7 intake r=0.74, P<0.001 and @entity4 intake r=0.744, P<0. 001. From these equations, @entity5 intakes from habitual diets were estimated at 17-50, mean 35 mg/day. Of this, 91% was from @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Dietary @entity7 are absorbed and appear in plasma and urine as potential biomarkers in concentrations related quantitatively to intake. Estimation of dietary intake from plasma or urine concentrations appears possible. SPONSORSHIP: Rank Prize Funds and Rank Foundation of the Department of @entity0 Nutrition; Ministry of Health and Medical Education, IR Iran. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2000) 54, 143-149

title: Prediction of dietary XXXX consumption from fasting plasma concentration or urinary excretion.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In order to better assess the place of abdominopelvic irradiation after chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced @entity3 , the survival times in 25 @entity0 treated from 1976 to 1986 were examined. 2 stage IIc, 18 stage III and 4 stage IV were treated. Treatment included chemotherapy (with @entity5 in 16/25 cases) and a second-look laparotomy. 12 @entity0 had only microscopic @entity2 , 5 had macroscopic @entity1 less than 2 cm, and 8 @entity0 had no detectable @entity2 . A whole abdomen irradiation of 22.50 Gy with a pelvic boost to 45 Gy was also performed. Actuarial 3-year survival was 58% for the entire population. 10 loco-regional relapses were observed. The 3-year-actuarial survival was 71% for stage III @entity0 . Haematologic tolerance of irradiation was poor with only 17 @entity0 (68%) receiving the complete dose of irradiation. One late grade 3 intestinal complication was observed. These results and others previously published, suggest that abdominal irradiation is valuable in the treatment of advanced @entity3 for stage IIc or III @entity0 without macroscopic @entity4 after chemotherapy and second-look laparotomy.

title: [Radiotherapy after chemotherapy and second-look laparotomy in the treatment of advanced XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility and efficacy of a six-month, cell phone-based exercise persistence intervention for @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) following pulmonary rehabilitation. METHODS: @entity0 who completed a two-week run-in were randomly assigned to either MOBILE-Coached (n = 9) or MOBILE-Self-Monitored (n = 8). All @entity0 met with a nurse to develop an individualized exercise plan, were issued a pedometer and exercise booklet, and instructed to continue to log their daily exercise and symptoms. MOBILE-Coached also received weekly reinforcement text messages on their cell phones; reports of worsening symptoms were automatically flagged for follow-up. Usability and satisfaction were assessed. @entity0 completed incremental cycle and six minute walk (6MW) tests, wore an activity monitor for 14 days, and reported their health-related quality of life (HRQL) at baseline, three, and six months. RESULTS: The sample had a mean age of 68 +/-11 and forced expiratory volume in one second 18% predicted. @entity0 reported that logging their exercise and symptoms (FEV(1)) of 40 +/- was easy and that keeping track of their exercise helped them remain active. There were no differences between groups over time in maximal workload, 6MW distance, or HRQL (p > 0.05); however, MOBILE-Self-Monitored increased total steps/day whereas MOBILE-Coached logged fewer steps over six months (p =0.04). CONCLUSIONS: We showed that it is feasible to deliver a cell phone-based exercise persistence intervention to @entity0 with @entity1 post-rehabilitation and that the addition of @entity2 appeared to be no better than self-monitoring. The latter finding needs to be interpreted with caution since this was a purely exploratory study. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00373932).

title: Pilot study of a cell phone-based exercise persistence intervention post-rehabilitation for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A wide variety of histopathologic mimics of @entity5 have been recently described, which may cause overdiagnosis of @entity1 . To our knowledge, the frequency and causes of overdiagnosis of @entity5 have not been previously examined. Two pathologists evaluated the Mayo Clinic experience with small foci of stage T1a @entity1 diagnosed between 1960 and 1970 in an effort to identify cases that were overdiagnosed as @entity1 . Only cases with available diagnostic slides and blocks were re-evaluated, and immunohistochemical studies were obtained in select cases to confirm the amended diagnoses. Follow-up was obtained in all cases from @entity0 medical records. We identified a total of 31 @entity0 who were overdiagnosed with @entity5 from among a series of 150 cases initially diagnosed as well-differentiated stage T1a @entity1 (21% incidence). @entity0 ranged in age from 42 to 85 years, and the weight of the transurethral resections varied from 6 to 90 g. Findings misinterpreted as @entity1 included @entity8 (8 cases), @entity9 (8), @entity4 (5), sclerosing @entity10 (3), high-grade @entity12 (3), xanthogranulomatous @entity6 (2), florid cribriform @entity7 (1), and post- @entity7 (1). None of the @entity0 received additional treatment for @entity11 . Mean follow-up was 10.8 years; 14 @entity0 were alive with no evidence of disease, 14 died of @entity3 without recurrent @entity11 , and the status of 3 was unknown. We conclude that misinterpretation of @entity5 in transurethral resection specimens results from overdiagnosis of small microscopic foci of @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity12 , and @entity2 . The incidence of overdiagnosis three decades ago was 21% of small foci in transurethral resections, usually resulting from the presence of undescribed pathological entities. Long-term follow-up revealed no evidence of recurrent @entity11 .

title: Overdiagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The @entity2 sensitivities of the rate constant of @entity3 redevelopment (ktr; Brenner, B., and E. Eisenberg. 1986. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 83:3542-3546) and isometric force during steady-state activation were examined as functions of @entity4 light chain 2 (LC2) phosphorylation in skinned single fibers from @entity1 and @entity0 fast-twitch skeletal muscles. To measure ktr the fiber was activated with @entity2 and steady isometric @entity3 was allowed to develop; subsequently, the fiber was rapidly (less than 1 ms) released to a shorter length and then reextended by approximately 200 nm per half sarcomere. This maneuver resulted in the complete dissociation of cross-bridges from actin, so that the subsequent redevelopment of @entity3 was related to the rate of cross-bridge reattachment. The time course of @entity3 redevelopment, which was recorded under sarcomere length control, was best fit by a first-order exponential equation (i.e., @entity3 = C(1 - e-kt) to obtain the value of ktr. In control fibers, ktr increased sigmoidally with increases in [ @entity2 ]; maximum values of ktr were obtained at pCa 4.5 and were significantly greater in @entity0 superficial vastus lateralis fibers (26.1 +/- 1.2 s-1 at 15 degrees C) than in @entity1 psoas fibers (18.7 +/- 1.0 s-1). Phosphorylation of LC2 was accomplished by repeated @entity2 activations (pCa 4.5) of the fibers in solutions containing 6 microM calmodulin and 0.5 microM @entity4 light chain kinase, a protocol that resulted in an increase in LC2 phosphorylation from approximately 10% in the control fibers to greater than 80% after treatment. After phosphorylation, ktr was unchanged at maximum or very low levels of @entity2 activation. However, at intermediate levels of @entity2 activation, between pCa 5.5 and 6.2, there was a significant increase in ktr such that this portion of the ktr-pCa relationship was shifted to the left. The steady-state isometric @entity3 -pCa relationship, which in control fibers was left shifted with respect to the ktr-pCa relationship, was further left-shifted after LC2 phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of LC2 had no effect upon steady-state @entity3 during maximum @entity2 activation. In fibers from which troponin C was partially extracted to disrupt molecular cooperativity within the thin filament (Moss et al. 1985. Journal of General Physiology. 86:585-600), the effect of LC2 phosphorylation to increase the @entity2 sensitivity of steady-state isometric force was no longer evident, although the effect of phosphorylation to increase ktr was unaffected by this maneuver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Variations in cross-bridge attachment rate and @entity3 with phosphorylation of XXXX in mammalian skinned skeletal muscle fibers. Implications for twitch potentiation in intact muscle.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The @entity2 sensitivities of the rate constant of @entity3 redevelopment (ktr; Brenner, B., and E. Eisenberg. 1986. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 83:3542-3546) and isometric force during steady-state activation were examined as functions of @entity4 light chain 2 (LC2) phosphorylation in skinned single fibers from @entity1 and @entity0 fast-twitch skeletal muscles. To measure ktr the fiber was activated with @entity2 and steady isometric @entity3 was allowed to develop; subsequently, the fiber was rapidly (less than 1 ms) released to a shorter length and then reextended by approximately 200 nm per half sarcomere. This maneuver resulted in the complete dissociation of cross-bridges from actin, so that the subsequent redevelopment of @entity3 was related to the rate of cross-bridge reattachment. The time course of @entity3 redevelopment, which was recorded under sarcomere length control, was best fit by a first-order exponential equation (i.e., @entity3 = C(1 - e-kt) to obtain the value of ktr. In control fibers, ktr increased sigmoidally with increases in [ @entity2 ]; maximum values of ktr were obtained at pCa 4.5 and were significantly greater in @entity0 superficial vastus lateralis fibers (26.1 +/- 1.2 s-1 at 15 degrees C) than in @entity1 psoas fibers (18.7 +/- 1.0 s-1). Phosphorylation of LC2 was accomplished by repeated @entity2 activations (pCa 4.5) of the fibers in solutions containing 6 microM calmodulin and 0.5 microM @entity4 light chain kinase, a protocol that resulted in an increase in LC2 phosphorylation from approximately 10% in the control fibers to greater than 80% after treatment. After phosphorylation, ktr was unchanged at maximum or very low levels of @entity2 activation. However, at intermediate levels of @entity2 activation, between pCa 5.5 and 6.2, there was a significant increase in ktr such that this portion of the ktr-pCa relationship was shifted to the left. The steady-state isometric @entity3 -pCa relationship, which in control fibers was left shifted with respect to the ktr-pCa relationship, was further left-shifted after LC2 phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of LC2 had no effect upon steady-state @entity3 during maximum @entity2 activation. In fibers from which troponin C was partially extracted to disrupt molecular cooperativity within the thin filament (Moss et al. 1985. Journal of General Physiology. 86:585-600), the effect of LC2 phosphorylation to increase the @entity2 sensitivity of steady-state isometric force was no longer evident, although the effect of phosphorylation to increase ktr was unaffected by this maneuver.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Variations in cross-bridge attachment rate and XXXX with phosphorylation of @entity4 in mammalian skinned skeletal muscle fibers. Implications for twitch potentiation in intact muscle.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Connexin alpha 1, also referred to as @entity5 , has thus far been the only gap junction protein identified between the hormone-producing cells of pancreatic islets. To investigate whether loss of this connexin affects the development of endocrine pancreas and the differentiation of insulin-producing beta cells, we have taken advantage of a transgenic line in which the gene coding for connexin alpha 1 had been functionally deleted by homologous recombination. Analysis of pancreas at embryonal day 19.5 (E 19.5) after immunostaining for the four main types of islet hormones, showed that islet cell development was similar in homozygous @entity2 that completely lacked @entity5 , in @entity2 that were heterozygous for the transgene, and in age-matched controls with a genetic background similar to that of the transgenic animals. In particular, the three animal groups featured beta cells that had a similar insulin content and ultrastructural organization, including the presence of typical gap junction plaques on the membrane. However, quantitative analysis of freeze-fractured membranes showed that these plaques were less frequent in the @entity2 lacking @entity5 . This finding prompted us to revisit the connexin pattern of normal pancreatic beta cells. Using RT-PCR amplification and primers specific for nine of the @entity0 connexins, we have found that normal @entity3 and @entity2 pancreas contain six connexin transcripts, including one that codes for alpha 6 connexin, a protein also referred to as @entity6 . This transcript was also identified in isolated pancreatic islets, in @entity4 -purified suspensions of primary beta cells and in the insulin-producing cells of an experimental @entity1 . Using antibodies, we found that connexin alpha 6 is expressed by the latter cells, as well as by pancreatic fibroblasts and epithelial duct cells. The data show that pancreatic islets have a normal prenatal development in @entity2 that no longer express @entity5 . They further provide evidence that normal and tumoral insulin-producing cells natively coexpress connexins alpha 1 and alpha 6.

title: Loss of XXXX does not alter the prenatal differentiation of pancreatic beta cells and leads to the identification of another islet cell connexin.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of collagen film, collagen gel, @entity2 / @entity3 film, and fibrin glue to prevent @entity1 formation. DESIGN: Randomized trial using a @entity0 model of a standardized abdominal wound and cecal wound. SETTING: University research laboratory. ANIMAL(S): Sprague-Dawley female @entity0 . INTERVENTION(S): Resorbable barriers or no barrier (controls) were placed between an abdominal wall wound (1 cm x 2 cm) and a similarly sized cecal wound. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Adhesion formation between wounds was assessed and quantitated 7 days after surgery. RESULT(S): Without treatment, 34 of 35 untreated @entity0 (97%) developed @entity1 . Treatment with collagen gel (3 of 33 @entity0 ), collagen film (3 of 10 @entity0 ), or @entity2 / @entity3 film (2 of 10 @entity0 ) significantly reduced the incidence of @entity1 formation. Treatment with fibrin sealant resulted in 9 of 10 animals having adherent wounds 7 days after surgery. CONCLUSION(S): Resorbable barriers of collagen gel, collagen films and @entity2 / @entity3 film were effective in significantly reducing @entity1 formation. Fibrin sealant at 7 days had an incidence of @entity1 formation similar to that in untreated control animals.

title: Evaluation of resorbable barriers for preventing surgical XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In a prospective study in 49 @entity0 with @entity2 the correlation of pre- and post-operative staging by CT and endorectal ultrasound (EU) was compared according to TNM-classification. With CT the pre/postoperative results correlated in T1 in 9/10, in T2 in 10/16, in T3 in 13/15 and in T4 in 6/8 @entity0 . By EU identical results were found in all T1, in 10/12 T2, in 17/20 T3 and in 6/7 T4 stages. Overall, pre- and postoperative identical results were found by CT in 38 and by EU in 43/49 @entity0 . Overestimation of the @entity1 stage was similar with both methods: 5 by CT and 4 by EU. Underestimation of the stage was more often by CT in 5 than by EU in 2 cases. (CT: accuracy 77.5%, sensitivity 88.3%, specificity 94.4%; ES: accuracy 87.7% sensitivity 91.5%, specificity 97.8%). Criteria for interpretation are discussed. In early @entity1 stages the depth of @entity1 invasion can be better evaluated by EU. In late stages both methods give important information for surgical strategy.

title: [Preoperative staging of XXXX : endosonography versus computerized tomography].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-secreting @entity4 is an endocrine @entity2 located in the adrenal medulla in 85% of the cases. Extra-adrenal localizations account for the other 15%. A broad ligament localization related to an accessory adrenal gland is exceptional. CASE REPORT: A tumoral formation was observed during computed tomographic exploration of @entity3 in a 25-year-old @entity0 . The @entity2 had developed from an @entity5 included in the large ligament of the uterus. Pathology reported non-secreting @entity4 confirmed by immunolabeling. DISCUSSION: The broad ligament localization is exceptional for @entity4 and may mislead diagnosis. Resection is the only treatment. Recurrence and @entity1 have been reported to develop in some cases many years later, particularly after incomplete resection. Pathogenically, this @entity2 is remnant embryonic chromaffin tissue issuing from the parasympathetic nodes and developing in an @entity5 .

title: [Non-secreting @entity4 of the broad ligament revealed by XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-secreting @entity4 is an endocrine @entity2 located in the adrenal medulla in 85% of the cases. Extra-adrenal localizations account for the other 15%. A broad ligament localization related to an accessory adrenal gland is exceptional. CASE REPORT: A tumoral formation was observed during computed tomographic exploration of @entity3 in a 25-year-old @entity0 . The @entity2 had developed from an @entity5 included in the large ligament of the uterus. Pathology reported non-secreting @entity4 confirmed by immunolabeling. DISCUSSION: The broad ligament localization is exceptional for @entity4 and may mislead diagnosis. Resection is the only treatment. Recurrence and @entity1 have been reported to develop in some cases many years later, particularly after incomplete resection. Pathogenically, this @entity2 is remnant embryonic chromaffin tissue issuing from the parasympathetic nodes and developing in an @entity5 .

title: [Non-secreting XXXX of the broad ligament revealed by @entity3 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intraspinal @entity5 are exceptional formations which develop from incomplete @entity5 and the endodermis during the third week of gestation. Symptoms generally appear before the age of 40 years and are associated with spinal malformations. Most @entity5 lie in an extra-spinal position in the lower cervical and upper dorsal spine. We report a case involving the cauda equina with no associated spinal lesion. CASE REPORT: A 63-year-old @entity0 was admitted for low back @entity4 and right L3 radiculalgia triggered by exertion. @entity7 had developed over the preceding year. Physical examination found a @entity9 with @entity6 of the right para-anal area, an atonic anal sphincter and a globular bladder. Plain films showed a widened interpedicular space between L1 and L2 interpreted as the consequence of an expansive @entity2 . Saccoradiculography led to the diagnosis of an intradural lesion involving L1 and L2. At magnetic resonance imaging, the lesion's signal intensity was similar to cerebrospinal fluid on T1 and T2 sequences, deforming the cauda equina and displacing the nerve roots. Surgical resection of the cyst was incomplete due to adherences to several roots and was followed by persistent radiculalgia and @entity1 . DISCUSSION: This case demonstrates an exceptional cause of @entity8 . Fissuration or rupture of the cyst might explain symptom exacerbation following @entity3 . Magnetic resonance imagining can confirm the cystic nature of the intradural lesion and help guide surgery. Resection is often incomplete with the risk of long-term recurrence.

title: [Spinal neurenteric cyst revealed by a XXXX ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Liver resection is risky in @entity0 aged > or = 80 years. Because of short life expectancies and improved nonoperative modalities, the role of liver resection in octogenarians with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is unclear. METHODS: A retrospective review of the operative results of 260 @entity0 with @entity2 between 1991 and 1997 was performed. According to the age at the time of operation, these @entity0 were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 comprised 21 @entity0 aged > or = 80 years, and group 2 comprised the other 239 younger @entity0 . The backgrounds, pathologic features of the @entity1 , and operative results of the @entity0 were compared. RESULTS: Octogenarians had a higher incidence of associated medical diseases, a higher incidence of negative serum hepatitis B surface antigen, a lower @entity3 level, and a higher @entity4 retention rate. Although octogenarians had a longer postoperative hospital stay, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups regarding operative morbidity and mortality. The 5-year disease-free and actuarial survival rates for octogenarians and younger @entity0 were 50.6% and 35.3% (P = .15) and 40.9% and 59.3% (P = .46), respectively. CONCLUSION: Under meticulous preoperative assessments and postoperative care, liver resection for @entity2 is justified in selected octogenarians, with short- and long-term results comparable to those of younger @entity0 .

title: Liver resection for XXXX in octogenarians.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Recent studies have shown that cells in the intermediate zone (IZ) of the embryonic neocortex originate in the basal telencephalon and migrate tangentially in the cortical wall (;; ). We had previously observed growing cortical axons closely apposed to calbindin-positive, tangentially oriented cells in the IZ (), and it has been shown that neurites in the IZ express a @entity5 transporter (). To test if @entity5 released by corticofugal growth cones could influence the tangential IZ cells, we characterized the @entity5 receptors expressed by IZ cells using patch-clamp techniques, histochemical labeling, and immunostaining on slices of embryonic @entity0 forebrain. We show that tangential IZ cells express inwardly rectifying kainate responses, but not @entity2 responses, and accumulate @entity4 after @entity1 receptor activation. We conclude that IZ cells express @entity3 -permeable @entity1 receptors. This property correlates with our observation that the @entity6 subunit is not expressed in the IZ. @entity1 receptors are activated by a millimolar concentration of @entity5 . To know whether this high level of @entity5 could occur at the surface of IZ cells, we examined contacts made by corticofugal growth cones and calbindin-positive IZ cells using electron microscopy. We show vesicle-containing neurites tightly apposed to calbindin-positive IZ cells over remarkably long length. This suggests that @entity5 released by growing corticofugal axons could reach high concentrations close to @entity1 receptors of tangential IZ cells and efficiently activate them to control the intracellular @entity3 in embryonic IZ cells.

title: Intermediate zone cells express XXXX -permeable @entity1 receptors and establish close contact with growing axons.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Recent studies have shown that cells in the intermediate zone (IZ) of the embryonic neocortex originate in the basal telencephalon and migrate tangentially in the cortical wall (;; ). We had previously observed growing cortical axons closely apposed to calbindin-positive, tangentially oriented cells in the IZ (), and it has been shown that neurites in the IZ express a @entity5 transporter (). To test if @entity5 released by corticofugal growth cones could influence the tangential IZ cells, we characterized the @entity5 receptors expressed by IZ cells using patch-clamp techniques, histochemical labeling, and immunostaining on slices of embryonic @entity0 forebrain. We show that tangential IZ cells express inwardly rectifying kainate responses, but not @entity2 responses, and accumulate @entity4 after @entity1 receptor activation. We conclude that IZ cells express @entity3 -permeable @entity1 receptors. This property correlates with our observation that the @entity6 subunit is not expressed in the IZ. @entity1 receptors are activated by a millimolar concentration of @entity5 . To know whether this high level of @entity5 could occur at the surface of IZ cells, we examined contacts made by corticofugal growth cones and calbindin-positive IZ cells using electron microscopy. We show vesicle-containing neurites tightly apposed to calbindin-positive IZ cells over remarkably long length. This suggests that @entity5 released by growing corticofugal axons could reach high concentrations close to @entity1 receptors of tangential IZ cells and efficiently activate them to control the intracellular @entity3 in embryonic IZ cells.

title: Intermediate zone cells express @entity3 -permeable XXXX receptors and establish close contact with growing axons.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To investigate the effects of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) eradication therapy for treatment of peptic @entity2 on the incidence of @entity1 . METHODS: A multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted between November 2000 and December 2007 in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. The study included @entity0 with @entity3 -positive peptic @entity2 who decided themselves whether to receive @entity3 eradication (eradication group) or conventional antacid therapy (non-eradication group). Incidence of @entity1 in the two groups was determined based on the results of annual endoscopy and questionnaire surveys, as well as Yamagata Prefectural Cancer Registry data, and was compared between the two groups and by results of @entity3 therapy. RESULTS: A total of 4133 @entity0 aged between 13 and 91 years (mean 52.9 years) were registered, and 56 cases of @entity1 were identified over a mean follow-up of 5.6 years. The sex- and age-adjusted incidence ratio of @entity1 in the eradication group, as compared with the non-eradication group, was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.28-1.19) and ratios by follow-up period (< 1 year, 1-3 years, > 3 years) were 1.16 (0.27-5.00), 0.50 (0.17-1.49), and 0.34 (0.09-1.28), respectively. Longer follow-up tended to be associated with better prevention of @entity1 , although not to a significant extent. No significant difference in incidence of @entity1 was observed between @entity0 with successful eradication therapy (32/2451 @entity0 , 1.31%) and those with treatment failure (11/639 @entity0 , 1.72%). Among @entity0 with duodenal @entity2 , which is known to be more prevalent in younger individuals, the incidence of @entity1 was significantly less in those with successful eradication therapy (2/845 @entity0 , 0.24%) than in those with treatment failure (3/216 @entity0 , 1.39%). CONCLUSION: @entity3 eradication therapy for peptic @entity2 @entity0 with a mean age of 52.9 years at registration did not significantly decrease the incidence of @entity1 .

title: Does @entity3 eradication therapy for peptic XXXX prevent @entity1 ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To investigate the effects of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) eradication therapy for treatment of peptic @entity2 on the incidence of @entity1 . METHODS: A multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted between November 2000 and December 2007 in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. The study included @entity0 with @entity3 -positive peptic @entity2 who decided themselves whether to receive @entity3 eradication (eradication group) or conventional antacid therapy (non-eradication group). Incidence of @entity1 in the two groups was determined based on the results of annual endoscopy and questionnaire surveys, as well as Yamagata Prefectural Cancer Registry data, and was compared between the two groups and by results of @entity3 therapy. RESULTS: A total of 4133 @entity0 aged between 13 and 91 years (mean 52.9 years) were registered, and 56 cases of @entity1 were identified over a mean follow-up of 5.6 years. The sex- and age-adjusted incidence ratio of @entity1 in the eradication group, as compared with the non-eradication group, was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.28-1.19) and ratios by follow-up period (< 1 year, 1-3 years, > 3 years) were 1.16 (0.27-5.00), 0.50 (0.17-1.49), and 0.34 (0.09-1.28), respectively. Longer follow-up tended to be associated with better prevention of @entity1 , although not to a significant extent. No significant difference in incidence of @entity1 was observed between @entity0 with successful eradication therapy (32/2451 @entity0 , 1.31%) and those with treatment failure (11/639 @entity0 , 1.72%). Among @entity0 with duodenal @entity2 , which is known to be more prevalent in younger individuals, the incidence of @entity1 was significantly less in those with successful eradication therapy (2/845 @entity0 , 0.24%) than in those with treatment failure (3/216 @entity0 , 1.39%). CONCLUSION: @entity3 eradication therapy for peptic @entity2 @entity0 with a mean age of 52.9 years at registration did not significantly decrease the incidence of @entity1 .

title: Does XXXX eradication therapy for peptic @entity2 prevent @entity1 ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To investigate the effects of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) eradication therapy for treatment of peptic @entity2 on the incidence of @entity1 . METHODS: A multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted between November 2000 and December 2007 in Yamagata Prefecture, Japan. The study included @entity0 with @entity3 -positive peptic @entity2 who decided themselves whether to receive @entity3 eradication (eradication group) or conventional antacid therapy (non-eradication group). Incidence of @entity1 in the two groups was determined based on the results of annual endoscopy and questionnaire surveys, as well as Yamagata Prefectural Cancer Registry data, and was compared between the two groups and by results of @entity3 therapy. RESULTS: A total of 4133 @entity0 aged between 13 and 91 years (mean 52.9 years) were registered, and 56 cases of @entity1 were identified over a mean follow-up of 5.6 years. The sex- and age-adjusted incidence ratio of @entity1 in the eradication group, as compared with the non-eradication group, was 0.58 (95% CI: 0.28-1.19) and ratios by follow-up period (< 1 year, 1-3 years, > 3 years) were 1.16 (0.27-5.00), 0.50 (0.17-1.49), and 0.34 (0.09-1.28), respectively. Longer follow-up tended to be associated with better prevention of @entity1 , although not to a significant extent. No significant difference in incidence of @entity1 was observed between @entity0 with successful eradication therapy (32/2451 @entity0 , 1.31%) and those with treatment failure (11/639 @entity0 , 1.72%). Among @entity0 with duodenal @entity2 , which is known to be more prevalent in younger individuals, the incidence of @entity1 was significantly less in those with successful eradication therapy (2/845 @entity0 , 0.24%) than in those with treatment failure (3/216 @entity0 , 1.39%). CONCLUSION: @entity3 eradication therapy for peptic @entity2 @entity0 with a mean age of 52.9 years at registration did not significantly decrease the incidence of @entity1 .

title: Does @entity3 eradication therapy for peptic @entity2 prevent XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: We used fine-needle intrarenal manometry as a guide for detection of acute rejection superimposed on protracted oliguric @entity5 occurring in the postoperative course of @entity0 renal transplantation. We followed intrarenal pressure (IRP) in 31 @entity0 who received 32 renal transplants, 12 from living related donors and 20 from cadaveric donors. There were 19 rejection episodes and 10 episodes of transient @entity1 (CyA) nephrotoxicity. Nine @entity0 had posttransplant @entity3 . Levels of IRP (mmHg) in acute rejection were (mean +/- SD) 48.6 +/- 11.1, significantly higher (p less than 0.001) than the levels in CyA nephrotoxicity (28.2 +/- 5.21), @entity5 (24.5 +/- 5.5) and normal functioning grafts (26.4 +/- 6.63). Antirejection treatment was associated with return to normal of IRP after 10 days. Intrarenal manometry was performed routinely ever 2-3 days in @entity0 who had postoperative @entity3 . Increments in IRP were detected on the 7-10th postoperative day in 7 @entity0 who had 10-25 days of post-transplant @entity4 . Renal biopsy findings were compatible with acute rejection, and the @entity0 responded to intravenous bolus of @entity2 . We suggest that fine-needle intrarenal manometry is a reliable test for the detection of acute rejection in circumstances when traditional parameters of altered renal function cannot be evaluated.

title: Intrarenal manometry in the diagnosis of acute rejection superimposed on XXXX in renal transplantation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of data on the use of @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity7 and comorbid @entity2 . The authors describe their recent clinical experience using @entity8 in treatment-refractory @entity0 with @entity7 and severe @entity2 . METHOD: A retrospective review was performed on the records of all @entity0 admitted to a university-affiliated, specialized inpatient psychiatry service who were selected for @entity8 therapy from March 1994 through December 1997 (N = 33). @entity0 had DSM-IV diagnoses of @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity12 , or @entity6 NOS and were considered treatment resistant. All had deficits in functioning well beyond those expected for their degree of @entity1 and @entity11 . RESULTS: Of 33 initial @entity0 , 26 remained on @entity8 therapy for a follow-up duration of 5 to 48 months (mean = 24.8 months). Evaluation at follow-up revealed Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) scores from 1 to 4 with a mean +/- SD improvement of 2.0 +/- 0.8 (much improved). The mean +/- SD rating of the CGI-Efficacy Index was 5 +/- 2.6 (decided improvement and partial remission of symptoms with no interference from side effects). The 6 @entity0 who were not maintained on @entity8 therapy over the study period did not significantly differ from the @entity8 group in gender, race, age, side effects, or diagnosis. One @entity0 was lost to follow-up. Side effects were mild and transient with @entity9 being the most common (N = 10). There were no significant cardiovascular side effects and no @entity5 . No @entity0 discontinued treatment due to @entity10 . CONCLUSION: The current investigation lends support to the conclusion that @entity8 appears to be safe, efficacious, and well tolerated in individuals with @entity7 and comorbid @entity2 .

title: @entity8 treatment in a population of adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a paucity of data on the use of @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity7 and comorbid @entity2 . The authors describe their recent clinical experience using @entity8 in treatment-refractory @entity0 with @entity7 and severe @entity2 . METHOD: A retrospective review was performed on the records of all @entity0 admitted to a university-affiliated, specialized inpatient psychiatry service who were selected for @entity8 therapy from March 1994 through December 1997 (N = 33). @entity0 had DSM-IV diagnoses of @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity12 , or @entity6 NOS and were considered treatment resistant. All had deficits in functioning well beyond those expected for their degree of @entity1 and @entity11 . RESULTS: Of 33 initial @entity0 , 26 remained on @entity8 therapy for a follow-up duration of 5 to 48 months (mean = 24.8 months). Evaluation at follow-up revealed Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) scores from 1 to 4 with a mean +/- SD improvement of 2.0 +/- 0.8 (much improved). The mean +/- SD rating of the CGI-Efficacy Index was 5 +/- 2.6 (decided improvement and partial remission of symptoms with no interference from side effects). The 6 @entity0 who were not maintained on @entity8 therapy over the study period did not significantly differ from the @entity8 group in gender, race, age, side effects, or diagnosis. One @entity0 was lost to follow-up. Side effects were mild and transient with @entity9 being the most common (N = 10). There were no significant cardiovascular side effects and no @entity5 . No @entity0 discontinued treatment due to @entity10 . CONCLUSION: The current investigation lends support to the conclusion that @entity8 appears to be safe, efficacious, and well tolerated in individuals with @entity7 and comorbid @entity2 .

title: XXXX treatment in a population of adults with @entity7 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 affects an increasing percentage of the population as the incidence and prevalence of @entity1 increases. In some cases of the disease, @entity6 complications can be observed to the extent that they require acute and extensive surgery debridement, often across anatomical structures. Local treatment is always preceded by vascular examination, possibly limb revascularization. METHODS: After open necrectomy, which frees the @entity0 from infectious focus and @entity2 tissue, and which, in some cases, is the last resort to preserve the limb's length, there is, in the second period (after the acquisition of granulation tissue in the defect), a need to close the defect. It is possible to let small areas heal spontaneously through epithelialisation from the edges of the wound, however, @entity5 have to be close either operationally with secondary suture or with dermoepidermal skin-grafting. Secondary suture requires a local shift or additional resection of the bone to obtain sufficient material for wound closure. Skin graft respects the requirement to preserve the maximum of healthy tissue while not slowing down the closure of the wound in large defects. RESULTS: Autotransplantation of secondary wound with dermoepidermal skin-graft after the debridement of @entity2 tissue was performed in 16 @entity0 . The average age was 58 years, the average surface of skin-grafting was 100 cm2, the interval between transplantation and debridement was on average 21 days and from skin-grafting to the healing, of 62 days. 14 @entity0 were completely healed; one @entity0 suffers chronic @entity4 , and another one a smack chronic defect in the periphery of the graft. Transplants affecting the plant were localized outside the zone of the foot that bears the most of the body's weight. CONCLUSION: Local treatment of @entity3 in necrotizing @entity1 is important for managing the acute condition and preservation of limb function. It is appropriate to centralize the treatment to podiatric centers cooperating closely with the surgeon specializing on wound healing and @entity1 foot.

title: [Necrotizing XXXX in @entity1 and their solutions].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 affects an increasing percentage of the population as the incidence and prevalence of @entity1 increases. In some cases of the disease, @entity6 complications can be observed to the extent that they require acute and extensive surgery debridement, often across anatomical structures. Local treatment is always preceded by vascular examination, possibly limb revascularization. METHODS: After open necrectomy, which frees the @entity0 from infectious focus and @entity2 tissue, and which, in some cases, is the last resort to preserve the limb's length, there is, in the second period (after the acquisition of granulation tissue in the defect), a need to close the defect. It is possible to let small areas heal spontaneously through epithelialisation from the edges of the wound, however, @entity5 have to be close either operationally with secondary suture or with dermoepidermal skin-grafting. Secondary suture requires a local shift or additional resection of the bone to obtain sufficient material for wound closure. Skin graft respects the requirement to preserve the maximum of healthy tissue while not slowing down the closure of the wound in large defects. RESULTS: Autotransplantation of secondary wound with dermoepidermal skin-graft after the debridement of @entity2 tissue was performed in 16 @entity0 . The average age was 58 years, the average surface of skin-grafting was 100 cm2, the interval between transplantation and debridement was on average 21 days and from skin-grafting to the healing, of 62 days. 14 @entity0 were completely healed; one @entity0 suffers chronic @entity4 , and another one a smack chronic defect in the periphery of the graft. Transplants affecting the plant were localized outside the zone of the foot that bears the most of the body's weight. CONCLUSION: Local treatment of @entity3 in necrotizing @entity1 is important for managing the acute condition and preservation of limb function. It is appropriate to centralize the treatment to podiatric centers cooperating closely with the surgeon specializing on wound healing and @entity1 foot.

title: [Necrotizing @entity3 in XXXX and their solutions].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the negative predictive value of mammography and sonography in @entity0 with focal/ diffuse @entity2 with negative physical examination of the breasts. METHODS: A descriptive study, conducted at Radiology Department ofAga Khan University Hospital from 2006-2007 for a period of 2 years. A total of 207 @entity0 were referred for mammography and sonography because of focal or diffuse @entity2 . Complete follow-up was available only in 55 @entity0 . The outcome or gold standard was mammograms or ultrasound after an average follow-up period of 18 months with negative/benign findings or histopathology of the suspicious lesion or imaging which was the gold standard to determine the negative predictive value. RESULTS: Out of 55 @entity0 , 17 (31%) had negative findings, benign findings were reported in 34 @entity0 (62%), and 4 (7%) @entity0 were subjected to mammographically guided breast biopsy. All the biopsies were done on the basis of abnormal findings on mammograms. All of the 4 @entity0 had no evidence of @entity1 on subsequent histopathology. The negative predictive value of mammography and ultrasound in @entity0 with focal or diffuse @entity2 was 100%. CONCLUSION: Breast imaging using mammography and/or sonography in @entity0 who present with local or diffuse @entity2 is of significant value, to reassure the @entity0 as well as the clinician. However if imaging findings are suggestive of pathology a biopsy should not be delayed.

title: Negative predictive value of mammography and sonography in XXXX with negative physical findings.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 natural killer (NK) cells have receptors that bind to HLA class I molecules. Among these receptors, @entity6 and @entity1 bind to HLA-C. @entity6 belongs to the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity1 belongs to the killer activatory receptor (KAR). Previously, we obtained three recombinant @entity6 @entity3 or @entity1 KAR proteins, KAR-K1 ( @entity7 ), @entity3 -K6 ( @entity4 ), and @entity3 -K7 ( @entity6 ). In this study, we produced and characterized seven monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to the @entity6 @entity3 and @entity1 KAR proteins. The MAbs were classified in three groups according to their antigen-binding specificity: 5IB103 and 26ID707 were KAR-K1-specific; A809, 190IIC311, and 197IIC611 were @entity3 -K7-specific; while A210 and A803g bound to all three recombinant proteins. The MAbs reactive to @entity3 -K7 bound to the gamma3 domain among two immunoglobulin (Ig) domains of @entity3 -K7. Immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometric analysis with A803g showed reactivity to about 10% of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and 35% of purified natural killer cells. Double immunofluorescence staining with @entity5 and anti- @entity2 Ab showed that @entity2 and @entity6 or @entity1 were expressed on NK cells in a mutually exclusive way. We also investigated T-cell markers in A803g+ cells. A803g+ T cells were almost CD8+ cells. MAbs produced in this study can be utilized practically in the investigation of biological characteristics of @entity6 @entity3 and @entity1 KAR.

title: Monoclonal antibodies with various reactivity to XXXX killer inhibitory receptors.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Aging process and comorbidity have been held to influence the course and outcome of acute @entity3 in elderly @entity0 . The aim of the present study was to investigate this issue in a large series of @entity0 > or = 70 years of age suffering from acute @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A retrospectively study was carried out on 439 @entity0 with a first episode of AP. The @entity0 were divided into two age groups: < or = 69 years (n = 340) and > or = 70 years (n = 99). Differences in general characteristics, aetiological factors, blood tests and laboratory data, severity of the disease and outcome were evaluated. The presence of intercurrent diseases was also investigated in the two age groups. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed in the distribution of the various aetiological factors in the two age groups considered. The percentage of @entity0 with @entity1 forms of AP, Ranson prognostic score for severity, @entity2 , the number of @entity0 requiring surgical intervention or endoscopic sphincterotomy, as well as length of hospital stay were similar in the two groups. Considering the @entity0 suffering from @entity1 acute @entity3 , a significant increase (p = 0.01) in mortality was observed in > or = 70-year-old @entity0 (25.8 vs 7.8%). Associated diseases were significantly more frequent in advanced age (63.6 vs 41.4%; p = 0.0004), but comorbidity did not correlate with the presence of @entity1 , the need for surgery or endoscopic sphincterotomy, and with mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that advanced age and related comorbidity have only a limited influence on the course and outcome of acute @entity3 .

title: Influence of advanced age and related comorbidity on the course and outcome of acute XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: One hundred @entity0 were enrolled in a multicenter double-blind study to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the @entity2 Suppressor Unit, a cranial electrotherapy stimulator for the symptomatic treatment of @entity3 . Treatment consisted of extremely low level, high frequency current applied transcranially. @entity2 scores before and after 20 minute treatments of individual @entity1 as well as @entity0 and physician global evaluations were the primary efficacy variables. Following use of the active unit, @entity0 reported an average reduction in @entity2 intensity of approximately 35%. Placebo @entity0 reported a reduction of approximately 18%. The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.01). The active unit was rated as moderately or highly effective in 40% by physicians, and in 36% by @entity0 . Both physicians and @entity0 scored the placebo unit moderately or highly effective for only 16%. The difference in ordered outcomes was statistically significant (p = 0.004). Approximately 10% of @entity0 in each group reported at least one minor adverse experience. Cranial electrotherapy stimulation is distinct from TENS, and is safe and often effective in ameliorating the @entity2 intensity of @entity3 . It should be considered as an alternative to the chronic usage of analgesics.

title: Safety and effectiveness of cranial electrotherapy in the treatment of tension XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The roles of angiotensin (Ang) II as produced by two different enzymes, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and chymase, were investigated in a @entity0 experimental model where @entity2 was induced by balloon catheterization in the common carotid and femoral arteries. The animals received oral @entity6 (3 mg/kg) or @entity5 (10 mg/kg) twice a day for 5 weeks. After 1 week of active drug therapy, the common carotid and femoral arteries were unilaterally injured by balloon catheterization. In the common carotid arteries, both @entity4 and chymase activities were increased by the injury, with the increase in chymase activities being greater than that in @entity4 activities. In the femoral arteries, @entity4 , but not chymase, activities were significantly increased by the injury. Both @entity6 and @entity5 reduced blood pressure almost equally. @entity5 increased plasma @entity1 activity more strongly than did @entity6 , and significantly decreased vascular and plasma @entity4 activities. @entity6 significantly suppressed the formation of @entity2 in both the carotid and femoral arteries, while @entity5 significantly suppressed @entity2 in the femoral, but not in the carotid arteries. These results indicate that local Ang II production by @entity4 and chymase is involved in the @entity2 seen in injured intima, and the difference in the inhibitory action of @entity3 and @entity5 reflects the extent of contribution of each enzyme. The effect of the @entity4 inhibitor, @entity5 , depended on the activity of @entity4 , whereas that of the Ang II receptor antagonist, @entity3 , was independent of @entity4 activity.

title: Effect of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, @entity6 , on @entity0 XXXX after balloon injury.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The roles of angiotensin (Ang) II as produced by two different enzymes, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and chymase, were investigated in a @entity0 experimental model where @entity2 was induced by balloon catheterization in the common carotid and femoral arteries. The animals received oral @entity6 (3 mg/kg) or @entity5 (10 mg/kg) twice a day for 5 weeks. After 1 week of active drug therapy, the common carotid and femoral arteries were unilaterally injured by balloon catheterization. In the common carotid arteries, both @entity4 and chymase activities were increased by the injury, with the increase in chymase activities being greater than that in @entity4 activities. In the femoral arteries, @entity4 , but not chymase, activities were significantly increased by the injury. Both @entity6 and @entity5 reduced blood pressure almost equally. @entity5 increased plasma @entity1 activity more strongly than did @entity6 , and significantly decreased vascular and plasma @entity4 activities. @entity6 significantly suppressed the formation of @entity2 in both the carotid and femoral arteries, while @entity5 significantly suppressed @entity2 in the femoral, but not in the carotid arteries. These results indicate that local Ang II production by @entity4 and chymase is involved in the @entity2 seen in injured intima, and the difference in the inhibitory action of @entity3 and @entity5 reflects the extent of contribution of each enzyme. The effect of the @entity4 inhibitor, @entity5 , depended on the activity of @entity4 , whereas that of the Ang II receptor antagonist, @entity3 , was independent of @entity4 activity.

title: Effect of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, XXXX , on @entity0 @entity2 after balloon injury.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The roles of angiotensin (Ang) II as produced by two different enzymes, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and chymase, were investigated in a @entity0 experimental model where @entity2 was induced by balloon catheterization in the common carotid and femoral arteries. The animals received oral @entity6 (3 mg/kg) or @entity5 (10 mg/kg) twice a day for 5 weeks. After 1 week of active drug therapy, the common carotid and femoral arteries were unilaterally injured by balloon catheterization. In the common carotid arteries, both @entity4 and chymase activities were increased by the injury, with the increase in chymase activities being greater than that in @entity4 activities. In the femoral arteries, @entity4 , but not chymase, activities were significantly increased by the injury. Both @entity6 and @entity5 reduced blood pressure almost equally. @entity5 increased plasma @entity1 activity more strongly than did @entity6 , and significantly decreased vascular and plasma @entity4 activities. @entity6 significantly suppressed the formation of @entity2 in both the carotid and femoral arteries, while @entity5 significantly suppressed @entity2 in the femoral, but not in the carotid arteries. These results indicate that local Ang II production by @entity4 and chymase is involved in the @entity2 seen in injured intima, and the difference in the inhibitory action of @entity3 and @entity5 reflects the extent of contribution of each enzyme. The effect of the @entity4 inhibitor, @entity5 , depended on the activity of @entity4 , whereas that of the Ang II receptor antagonist, @entity3 , was independent of @entity4 activity.

title: Effect of an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, @entity6 , on XXXX @entity2 after balloon injury.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor- ( @entity8 ) dependent cell lines have been derived from the @entity1 hematopoietic cell line 32D with a selection strategy involving the culture of the cells in FBS-deprived medium supplemented only with pure recombinant @entity5 , @entity2 , or @entity8 . The cells retain the diploid karyotype of the original 32D clone, do not grow in the absence of exogenous growth factor, and do not induce @entity0 when injected into syngeneic recipients. The morphology of the @entity5 -dependent cell lines (32D Epo1, -2, and -3) was heterogeneous and evolved with passage. The percent of differentiated cells also was a function of the cell line investigated. @entity6 -positive cells ranged from 1-2% (32D Epo3) to 50-60% (32D Epo1). These erythroid cells expressed @entity4 and/or globin mRNA but not @entity7 . The @entity2 - and @entity8 -dependent cell lines had predominantly the morphology of undifferentiated myeloblasts or metamyelocytes, respectively. The @entity2 -dependent cell lines were sensitive to either @entity2 or @entity3 ( @entity3 ) but did not respond to @entity8 . The @entity8 -dependent cell lines grew to a limited extent in @entity3 but did not respond to @entity2 . These results indicate that the cell line 32D, originally described as predominantly a basophil/mast cell line, has retained the capacity to give rise to cells which proliferate and differentiate in response to @entity5 , @entity2 , and/or @entity8 . These cells represent the first nontransformed cell lines which can be maintained in growth factors other than @entity3 and which differentiate in the presence of physiologic signals. As such, they may represent a model to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the process of hematopoietic differentiation, as well as sensitive targets for bioassays of specific growth factors.

title: Selection of lineage-restricted cell lines immortalized at different stages of hematopoietic differentiation from the XXXX cell line 32D.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 -sensitive @entity5 channels play an important role in transducing @entity5 salt taste. Previous studies revealed that in rodent taste cells, the channel shares electrophysiological and pharmacological properties with the epithelial @entity5 channel, ENaC. Using subunit-specific antibodies directed against alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of @entity0 ENaC (rENaC), we observed cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for all three subunits in nearly all taste cells of @entity4 , and in about half of the taste cells in foliate and @entity4 . The intensity of labeling in cells of @entity4 was significantly lower than that of @entity4 , especially for beta and gamma subunits. Dual localization experiments showed that immunoreactivity for the taste cell-specific G protein, gustducin, occurs in a subset ofrENaC positive taste cells. @entity1 is known to increase the @entity7 sensitivity of the @entity6 taste response. In our study, increases in blood @entity1 levels enhanced the intensity of apical immunoreactivity for beta and gamma rENaC in taste cells of all papillae. In addition, whole cell recordings from isolated taste cells showed that in @entity4 , @entity1 increased the number of @entity7 -sensitive taste cells and enhanced the current amplitude. In vallate taste cells, which are normally unresponsive to @entity7 , @entity1 treatment induced an @entity7 sensitive current in about half of the cells. Immunoreactivity for rENaC subunits also was present in nonsensory epithelial cells, especially in the anterior portion of the tongue. In addition, immunoreactivity for all subunits, but especially beta and gamma, was associated with some nerve fibers innervating @entity3 . These extragustatory sites of rENaC expression may indicate a role for this channel in paracellular transduction of @entity2 ions.

title: Epithelial XXXX channel subunits in @entity0 taste cells: localization and regulation by @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity7 -sensitive @entity5 channels play an important role in transducing @entity5 salt taste. Previous studies revealed that in rodent taste cells, the channel shares electrophysiological and pharmacological properties with the epithelial @entity5 channel, ENaC. Using subunit-specific antibodies directed against alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of @entity0 ENaC (rENaC), we observed cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for all three subunits in nearly all taste cells of @entity4 , and in about half of the taste cells in foliate and @entity4 . The intensity of labeling in cells of @entity4 was significantly lower than that of @entity4 , especially for beta and gamma subunits. Dual localization experiments showed that immunoreactivity for the taste cell-specific G protein, gustducin, occurs in a subset ofrENaC positive taste cells. @entity1 is known to increase the @entity7 sensitivity of the @entity6 taste response. In our study, increases in blood @entity1 levels enhanced the intensity of apical immunoreactivity for beta and gamma rENaC in taste cells of all papillae. In addition, whole cell recordings from isolated taste cells showed that in @entity4 , @entity1 increased the number of @entity7 -sensitive taste cells and enhanced the current amplitude. In vallate taste cells, which are normally unresponsive to @entity7 , @entity1 treatment induced an @entity7 sensitive current in about half of the cells. Immunoreactivity for rENaC subunits also was present in nonsensory epithelial cells, especially in the anterior portion of the tongue. In addition, immunoreactivity for all subunits, but especially beta and gamma, was associated with some nerve fibers innervating @entity3 . These extragustatory sites of rENaC expression may indicate a role for this channel in paracellular transduction of @entity2 ions.

title: Epithelial @entity5 channel subunits in @entity0 taste cells: localization and regulation by XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 -sensitive @entity5 channels play an important role in transducing @entity5 salt taste. Previous studies revealed that in rodent taste cells, the channel shares electrophysiological and pharmacological properties with the epithelial @entity5 channel, ENaC. Using subunit-specific antibodies directed against alpha, beta, and gamma subunits of @entity0 ENaC (rENaC), we observed cytoplasmic immunoreactivity for all three subunits in nearly all taste cells of @entity4 , and in about half of the taste cells in foliate and @entity4 . The intensity of labeling in cells of @entity4 was significantly lower than that of @entity4 , especially for beta and gamma subunits. Dual localization experiments showed that immunoreactivity for the taste cell-specific G protein, gustducin, occurs in a subset ofrENaC positive taste cells. @entity1 is known to increase the @entity7 sensitivity of the @entity6 taste response. In our study, increases in blood @entity1 levels enhanced the intensity of apical immunoreactivity for beta and gamma rENaC in taste cells of all papillae. In addition, whole cell recordings from isolated taste cells showed that in @entity4 , @entity1 increased the number of @entity7 -sensitive taste cells and enhanced the current amplitude. In vallate taste cells, which are normally unresponsive to @entity7 , @entity1 treatment induced an @entity7 sensitive current in about half of the cells. Immunoreactivity for rENaC subunits also was present in nonsensory epithelial cells, especially in the anterior portion of the tongue. In addition, immunoreactivity for all subunits, but especially beta and gamma, was associated with some nerve fibers innervating @entity3 . These extragustatory sites of rENaC expression may indicate a role for this channel in paracellular transduction of @entity2 ions.

title: Epithelial @entity5 channel subunits in XXXX taste cells: localization and regulation by @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of osteotomy at the time of bladder neck reconstruction (BNR) for continence in classic @entity1 , in which closure of the pelvic ring and reconstitution of the pelvic diaphragm may affect eventual continence. @entity0 AND METHODS: The results of using osteotomy at the time of BNR in 29 @entity0 were reviewed. The mean bladder capacity before BNR was 76 mL. The indications for osteotomy were a wide pubic @entity5 and a soft intersymphyseal bar. After osteotomy, all @entity0 were maintained in external fixation and lower-extremity traction for 6-8 weeks. RESULTS: Complications of osteotomy were limited to a partial @entity2 (one @entity0 ) and delayed union of fragments (one @entity0 ). Complications of BNR included @entity4 (five @entity0 ) and @entity3 (six @entity0 ). Continence results were modest, with 11 of 29 @entity0 (38%) dry during the day (dry interval >3 h) and eight of 29 (28%) dry at night. Eight @entity0 had daytime dry intervals of approximately 3 h. The mean preoperative bladder capacity in @entity0 who were dry both day and night was 101 mL. CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative bladder capacity remains a key determinant for the attainment of continence after BNR in the reconstruction of classic @entity1 . Osteotomy allows pelvic closure and thus improves cosmesis of the mons and stabilizes the BNR in @entity0 with a soft intersymphyseal bar, but seems to have no effect on continence when performed at the time of bladder neck plasty.

title: Bladder neck reconstruction in classic XXXX : the role of osteotomy in the development of continence.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 eradication therapies do not achieve 100% success rates. Antibiotic resistant strains are among the major causes of failure. Current recommendations concerning the management of treatment failures are not fully clear. AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of a multi-step therapeutic strategy in a large group of infected @entity0 . METHODS: A total of 2606 @entity4 -positive @entity0 were administered @entity7 , @entity6 and a proton pump inhibitor for 1 week. @entity0 with continuing @entity2 were then given a second 1-week course of @entity1 , @entity6 and @entity8 . @entity0 still infected after the second course underwent upper @entity3 with @entity4 culture, and then received a 1-week quadruple proton pump inhibitor- @entity5 based scheme established on H. @entity4 antibiotic sensitivity. RESULTS: After the first step, eradication was achieved in 2063 out of 2413 @entity0 [86% per protocol analysis (PP); 79% intention-to-treat analysis (ITT)]. First-step failures (350 out of 2413; 14.5% PP) showed second-step eradication rates of 82% (271 out of 329 @entity0 , PP; 77% ITT). The specific quadruple therapy for second-step failures (58 out of 329, 18% PP) achieved 77% (30 out of 39 @entity0 , PP) or 52% (ITT) success. This algorithm led to overall eradication rates of 99% (PP) or 91% (ITT). CONCLUSIONS: This multi-step strategy succeeded in a high percentage of @entity4 infected @entity0 . Given the lack of precise guidelines on treatment failures, assessing @entity4 sensitivity to antibiotics only after failure of the second treatment could be suggested in clinical practice.

title: Efficacy of a multistep strategy for XXXX eradication.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess telomerase activity (involved in cell immortalization and detectable in most @entity1 but not in normal somatic tissues) as a marker in @entity1 diagnosis. @entity0 AND METHODS: Tissue telomerase activity was assayed by two different techniques, the telomeric repeat amplification protocol-polymerase chain reaction (TRAP-PCR) and a telomerase PCR-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. @entity6 and their adjacent normal tissues were assessed for telomerase activity in a group of 18 @entity0 , 14 of whom had @entity3 and four a nonspecific inflammatory lesion of the bladder. RESULTS: Eleven of the 14 @entity1 samples analysed were telomerase-positive and two of the three telomerase-negative @entity1 samples had a detectable 'telomerase inhibitor'. In the apparently normal tissues next to @entity2 , four of the 14 specimens were telomerase-positive. Interestingly, these lesions were always next to high-grade muscle-invasive @entity2 (pT2G3). Two of the four nonspecific @entity4 (one of @entity8 and one of severe @entity5 ), known to be @entity7 , were also telomerase-positive. CONCLUSION: These results strongly suggest that the reactivation of telomerase may be an early event in @entity6 , preceding morphological changes related to malignant transformation. Telomerase activity may therefore be useful both as an indicator of malignant potential in @entity7 , e.g. @entity8 and severe @entity5 , and as a prognostic marker of @entity2 relapse or progression.

title: Telomerase activity as a potential marker in preneoplastic XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The index case of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is presented in adult broodstock prawns @entity2 from the Flinders River in western Queensland, Australia, in mid-2007. Histological examination revealed extensive myonecrosis with massive infiltration of myonuclei and some haemocytes. Juveniles from the same broodstock but not from 3 other families displayed @entity3 . Low-grade chronic mortalities approaching 100% over 1 yr occurred. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were attempted for both @entity4 (MrNV) with 2 sets of primers and for the satellite virus, extrasmall virus (XSV). All 3 PCRs generated amplicons of the expected sizes. Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analyses of the 3 consensus sequences identified a 91% match with MrNV viral capsid protein gene, 96% match with MrNV RNA-directed RNA polymerase gene, and a 99% match with @entity2 XSV capsid protein gene. The clinical signs, @entity1 and RT-PCR amplicons could be reproduced in @entity2 inoculated with cell-free extracts fulfilling River's postulates. We conclude that this is an endemic strain of MrNV as the sequences are dissimilar to strains of MrNV circulating around Asia and the Americas. This case only poorly meets the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) case definition for @entity0 due to the age of the prawns involved and the nature of the inclusion bodies. Perhaps the OIE case definition needs broadening.

title: @entity4 disease ( XXXX ) in Australia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The index case of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is presented in adult broodstock prawns @entity2 from the Flinders River in western Queensland, Australia, in mid-2007. Histological examination revealed extensive myonecrosis with massive infiltration of myonuclei and some haemocytes. Juveniles from the same broodstock but not from 3 other families displayed @entity3 . Low-grade chronic mortalities approaching 100% over 1 yr occurred. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were attempted for both @entity4 (MrNV) with 2 sets of primers and for the satellite virus, extrasmall virus (XSV). All 3 PCRs generated amplicons of the expected sizes. Basic local alignment search tool (BLAST) analyses of the 3 consensus sequences identified a 91% match with MrNV viral capsid protein gene, 96% match with MrNV RNA-directed RNA polymerase gene, and a 99% match with @entity2 XSV capsid protein gene. The clinical signs, @entity1 and RT-PCR amplicons could be reproduced in @entity2 inoculated with cell-free extracts fulfilling River's postulates. We conclude that this is an endemic strain of MrNV as the sequences are dissimilar to strains of MrNV circulating around Asia and the Americas. This case only poorly meets the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) case definition for @entity0 due to the age of the prawns involved and the nature of the inclusion bodies. Perhaps the OIE case definition needs broadening.

title: XXXX disease ( @entity0 ) in Australia.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity8 is the commonest cause of @entity7 in the developed world. The quality of care of 152 @entity0 with @entity8 was assessed at the time of referral to a single nephrologist. The type II @entity1 (62%) were older than the type I @entity1 (38%) (mean 65 years vs. 48 years). The mean duration of @entity1 was 17 years. Significant @entity3 was present in 52%. There was @entity1 in 84% of the type I @entity1 and 53% of the type II @entity1 . Overall, 63% had @entity4 at referral (St Vincent Declaration criteria), untreated in 25%. ACE inhibitors were not prescribed in 48% when no contraindications to their use were present. Glycosylated haemoglobin was > 9.1% in 29%. Twenty were prescribed medications inappropriate to their renal function. Of @entity0 with @entity6 and serum @entity5 > 5.5 mmol/l, 82% were untreated; 82% of @entity0 with @entity9 were also untreated. At initial referral, many @entity0 ' care was sub-optimal. Referral was too late for adequate preparation for renal replacement therapy in 33%. Following a process of education and feedback of the results to referring practitioners, the timing of referral improved. We emphasize the need for closer co-operation between those managing @entity1 @entity0 with @entity2 to optimize their care.

title: The care of @entity0 with XXXX : audit, feedback, and improvement.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity8 is the commonest cause of @entity7 in the developed world. The quality of care of 152 @entity0 with @entity8 was assessed at the time of referral to a single nephrologist. The type II @entity1 (62%) were older than the type I @entity1 (38%) (mean 65 years vs. 48 years). The mean duration of @entity1 was 17 years. Significant @entity3 was present in 52%. There was @entity1 in 84% of the type I @entity1 and 53% of the type II @entity1 . Overall, 63% had @entity4 at referral (St Vincent Declaration criteria), untreated in 25%. ACE inhibitors were not prescribed in 48% when no contraindications to their use were present. Glycosylated haemoglobin was > 9.1% in 29%. Twenty were prescribed medications inappropriate to their renal function. Of @entity0 with @entity6 and serum @entity5 > 5.5 mmol/l, 82% were untreated; 82% of @entity0 with @entity9 were also untreated. At initial referral, many @entity0 ' care was sub-optimal. Referral was too late for adequate preparation for renal replacement therapy in 33%. Following a process of education and feedback of the results to referring practitioners, the timing of referral improved. We emphasize the need for closer co-operation between those managing @entity1 @entity0 with @entity2 to optimize their care.

title: The care of XXXX with @entity8 : audit, feedback, and improvement.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Recently, the material available for @entity2 repair (covered stents and application systems), real time medical imaging and operator experience have significantly improved. Hence, more and more @entity3 , well beyond the original indications, can now be treated by endovascular surgery. Since 1996 our group has implanted 55 endovascular systems in the clinical setting: 45/55 (80%) for classical indications and 11/55 (20%) for extended indications. In the latter group four different endoprosthetic systems were used according to either their performance and availability or the type of lesion to be treated. For the 11 @entity0 undergoing endovascular procedures with extended indications, 6/11 had @entity5 (55%) and 5/11 (45%) had aorto-iliac lesions requiring either progressive embolisation of the internal iliac arteries or suprarenal anchorage. For these extended indications hospital mortality was 0/11 (0%). One @entity0 died after hospital discharge. 1/11 @entity0 (9%) had to be converted to open surgery during the interval between iliac embolisation and endovascular repair. There has been no conversion to open surgery during or after the endovascular procedures. Two major endoleaks were detected (2/11: 18%). One has been corrected by an additional covered stent and endovascular repair is planned for the other one. Spontaneously regressive functional hypoperfusion has been observed in 4/5 @entity0 with progressive @entity4 . There was no irreversible @entity1 . Early results of @entity2 repair for extended indications are promising. Although the long-term outcome is unknown, it can already be said that traditional open surgery can be avoided for a considerable amount of time in an increasing number of @entity0 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX : the indications widen].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether early postoperative administration of @entity2 accelerates the spontaneous motor recovery process after elevation of the denervated @entity1 up to the neck. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Spontaneous motor recovery after gastric denervation is a slow process that progressively takes place over years. METHODS: @entity2 was administered as follows: continuous intravenous (i.v.) perfusion until postoperative day 10 in ten @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 at a dose of either 1 g (n = 5) or 2 g (n = 5) per day; oral intake at a dose of 1 g/day during 1.5 to 8 months after surgery in 11 @entity1 @entity0 , followed in 7 of them by discontinuation of the drug during 2 to 4 weeks. Gastric motility was assessed with intraluminal perfused catheters in these 21 @entity0 , in 23 @entity1 @entity0 not receiving @entity2 , and in 11 healthy volunteers. A motility index was established by dividing the sum of the areas under the curves of >9 mmHg contractions by the time of recording. RESULTS: The motility index after IV or oral administration of @entity2 at and after surgery was significantly higher than that without @entity2 (i.v., 1 g: p = 0.0090; i.v., 2 g: p = 0.0090; oral, 1 g: p = 0.0017). It was similar to that in healthy volunteers (i.v., 1 g: p = 0.2818; oral, 1 g: p = 0.7179) and to that in @entity1 @entity0 with >3 years of follow-up who never received @entity2 (i.v., 1 g: p = 0.2206; oral, 1 g: p = 0.8326). The motility index after discontinuation of the drug was similar or superior to that recorded under medication in four @entity0 who did not experience any modification of their alimentary comfort, whereas it dropped dramatically parallel to deterioration of the alimentary comfort in three @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Early postoperative contractility of the denervated @entity1 pulled up to the neck under either i.v. or oral @entity2 is similar to that recovered spontaneously beyond 3 years of follow-up. In some @entity0 , this booster effect persists after discontinuation of the drug.

title: XXXX enhances early postoperative contractility of the denervated @entity1 as an esophageal substitute.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether early postoperative administration of @entity2 accelerates the spontaneous motor recovery process after elevation of the denervated @entity1 up to the neck. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Spontaneous motor recovery after gastric denervation is a slow process that progressively takes place over years. METHODS: @entity2 was administered as follows: continuous intravenous (i.v.) perfusion until postoperative day 10 in ten @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 at a dose of either 1 g (n = 5) or 2 g (n = 5) per day; oral intake at a dose of 1 g/day during 1.5 to 8 months after surgery in 11 @entity1 @entity0 , followed in 7 of them by discontinuation of the drug during 2 to 4 weeks. Gastric motility was assessed with intraluminal perfused catheters in these 21 @entity0 , in 23 @entity1 @entity0 not receiving @entity2 , and in 11 healthy volunteers. A motility index was established by dividing the sum of the areas under the curves of >9 mmHg contractions by the time of recording. RESULTS: The motility index after IV or oral administration of @entity2 at and after surgery was significantly higher than that without @entity2 (i.v., 1 g: p = 0.0090; i.v., 2 g: p = 0.0090; oral, 1 g: p = 0.0017). It was similar to that in healthy volunteers (i.v., 1 g: p = 0.2818; oral, 1 g: p = 0.7179) and to that in @entity1 @entity0 with >3 years of follow-up who never received @entity2 (i.v., 1 g: p = 0.2206; oral, 1 g: p = 0.8326). The motility index after discontinuation of the drug was similar or superior to that recorded under medication in four @entity0 who did not experience any modification of their alimentary comfort, whereas it dropped dramatically parallel to deterioration of the alimentary comfort in three @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Early postoperative contractility of the denervated @entity1 pulled up to the neck under either i.v. or oral @entity2 is similar to that recovered spontaneously beyond 3 years of follow-up. In some @entity0 , this booster effect persists after discontinuation of the drug.

title: @entity2 enhances early postoperative contractility of the denervated XXXX as an esophageal substitute.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is an intraocular malignancy of the childhood. Tumor invasion and @entity1 are the cause of mortality. The objective was to determine the clinical characteristics, the appearance and site of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: descriptive, observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study was carried out. We reviewed 86 @entity0 with @entity4 . RESULTS: the average age was 24.5 months. There were 51.2 % @entity0 . 75.6 % had unilateral presentation and 24.4 % bilateral; two of these were trilateral The clinical manifestation were leukokoria, strabismus and @entity3 . We found @entity1 in 18 @entity0 (20 %), being the central nervous system (CNS) and bones frequently affected. The @entity1 odds ratio was 3.50 associated to @entity1 ; 6.25 for @entity0 with invasion to optical nerve with edge with @entity2 ; 3.75 for which they had @entity1 and optic nerve with free edge and 5.62 for @entity0 with @entity1 and optic nerve with surgical edge with @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and surgical edge with @entity2 showed a greater relative risk for development of @entity1 . The sites commonly affected were the CNS and bones.

title: [Clinical and metastatic characteristics in XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Aim of this study has been to evaluate retrospectively morbidity and mortality of 42 colon substitutions after resection for @entity3 . Colon substitution was the intervention of first choice in six @entity0 . In the other @entity0 the stomach was useless, because of previous gastric surgery (n = 14), of gastric involvement by the @entity1 (n = 21) or technical problem (n = 1). @entity0 have been separated in 2 groups: from 1969 to 1983 (group A, n = 22), and from 1983 to 1997 (group B, n = 20). Mortality and morbidity (all eventful postoperative course) have been collected for the 30 postoperative days. Total morbidity has been 57% as 77% in group A and 35% in group B (p < 0.05). Cervical and colo-colic leak have been the most common complications. Total mortality has been 14% as 22% in group A and 5% in group B (p < 0.1). In group A 3 @entity0 died from anastomosis leak (intrathoracic or intraabdominal) and 2 from medical complications. In group B 1 @entity0 died from unexplained @entity2 . Our results show significative decrease of morbidity and mortality in group B. These results can be compared to those of gastroplasty for @entity1 or coloplasty for benign disease. In @entity1 , if stomach can not be used as substitutes, colon substitution is the best alternative, which can be used without increase of mortality and morbidity.

title: [Coloplasty after esophagectomy in XXXX . A retrospective study of morbidity and mortality].

answer: @entity1


abstract: It is well established that a @entity1 's reproductive history influences her risk of @entity0 . We examined whether the effect of reproductive history was similar for different sub-types of @entity0 . The study was based on a population-based cohort of 1.5 million Danish @entity1 born between 1935 and 1978, with individual information on births. Between 1978 and 1994, 10,790 incident cases of @entity0 were identified in a nationwide @entity2 registry, including detailed information on receptor status, histology, laterality and location of the @entity2 . Overall, the incidence of @entity0 was 13% lower in parous compared with nulliparous @entity1 . This reduction was significantly stronger for mucinous than for @entity4 and for @entity2 located centrally than for those non-central in the breast. Overall, the incidence in parous @entity1 increased by 10% by each 5-year postponement of their first birth. For the incidence of @entity5 this increase was significantly stronger, and for @entity3 it tended to be stronger than for @entity4 . For the incidence of centrally located @entity2 the increase was stronger than for non-centrally located @entity2 . On average, there was a 10% decrease in @entity0 risk by each additional birth. This decrease was seen in most sub-types, but not for @entity5 of for centrally located @entity2 . According to our findings, lobular and @entity3 and centrally located @entity2 may have risk-factor profiles that differ from other types of @entity0 .

title: Reproductive risk factors for XXXX by receptor status, histology, laterality and location.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 (80 mg bd) was administered to nine subjects with type 2 (non insulin dependent) @entity0 inadequately controlled on diet only. Twenty-four hour @entity1 , insulin and @entity3 profiles were obtained before and after one week and four months of therapy. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp before and after four months of treatment. Twenty-four hour @entity1 levels were significantly lowered after one week and four months. Insulin secretion, as assessed by the areas under the insulin and @entity3 curves, was enhanced after one week. The increase was most noted during the day in response to meals. The enhancement was maintained after four months of treatment with the increase in the postabsorptive phase becoming significant. @entity1 utilisation rate was significantly increased at four months. It is concluded that both acute and prolonged @entity4 therapy directly or indirectly 1) enhances both meal stimulated and post absorptive insulin secretion and 2) @entity2 . The relative contribution of each to improved diabetic control has not been established.

title: The effects of long term XXXX administration on insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Diagnostic measurements and pharmacokinetic studies were performed in 17 @entity0 with various kinds of malignant, premalignant and benign lesions in the head and neck region by means of point monitoring laser-induced fluorescence. For marking different types of tissue, @entity3 (ALA)-induced @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was used. The ALA-induced @entity4 synthesis was monitored at different time intervals after oral administration of ALA in low doses, 5 and 15 mg/kg b.w. Besides the @entity2 -related signal the tissue endogenous fluorescence was also recorded. The fluorescence spectra were evaluated at two different wavelengths corresponding to the specific drug-related fluorescence peak and the endogenous tissue fluorescence emission at 635 and 490 nm, respectively. The evaluated fluorescence data were correlated to the histopathological tissue investigation. A fall-off in the overall fluorescence intensity at 490 nm was obtained for all the malignant and premalignant areas, as well as an increased red fluorescence. A ratio between the red and the blue/green fluorescence intensity was formed for each time interval after the ALA administration. The lower drug dose seems to be sufficient to obtain a useful demarcation ratio between normal and diseased tissue with a very low @entity4 fluorescence intensity in the normal tissue. A @entity4 fluorescence maximum seems to occur between 3 and 4 h in normal tissues, whereas @entity1 tissue shows a higher level for a longer period of time.

title: Fluorescence diagnostics and kinetic studies in the head and neck region utilizing low-dose XXXX sensitization.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several lines of evidence indicate that specific immunotherapy may act by modifying the patterns of cytokines produced by helper T cells. However, different protocols have been used and different results obtained. OBJECTIVES: To quantify the effect of specific immunotherapy on the @entity4 /TH2 T-cell cytokine pattern at the single cell level. METHODS: We examined the @entity1 / @entity7 ratio in peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from 12 subjects with house dust mite-sensitive @entity2 using a flow cytometric method of intracellular cytokine detection. Cytokine production was determined following stimulation with @entity8 myristate @entity3 / @entity5 , a policlonal activator. Subjects were examined at three occasions: before specific immunotherapy, after the 3-months dose increase phase and after 1 year of treatment. During the treatment year @entity0 kept a diary in which they recorded: (a) symptoms of @entity2 according to a 0-3 grading (0 = absent, 1 = mild, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe); (b) number of puffs (100 microg) per day of @entity6 required to control symptoms; and (c) peak expiratory flow. RESULTS: Specific immunotherapy improved clinical indices of disease activity including symptom scores and medication use during the treatment year, and had a marked effect in increasing the @entity1 / @entity7 ratio in peripheral blood CD4+ T cells already after the dose increase phase (5.47 +/- 1.5 vs 4.07 +/- 1.49%, P = 0.03) with and a further rise after 1 year's treatment (16.12 +/- 2.8 vs 4.07 +/- 1.49 and 16.12 +/- 2.8 vs 5.47 +/- 1.5%, P = 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). There were no significant changes in the @entity1 / @entity7 ratio in peripheral blood CD8+ T cells at the three times of the study. CONCLUSIONS: These data add to view that the efficacy of specific immunotherapy may be attributed to a modified cytokine secretion of CD4+ T cells.

title: T-cell cytokine pattern at three time points during specific immunotherapy for mite-sensitive XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the appearance, frequency, and clinical consequences of corneal endothelial involvement in @entity0 @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity3 as seen by in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). DESIGN: Prospective observational case series. @entity0 : A total of 285 @entity0 with @entity2 who visited the cornea department of the Rotterdam Eye Hospital between May 2005 and May 2008. The control groups comprised the unaffected fellow eyes of @entity0 with @entity2 , the eyes of 58 healthy volunteers, and the affected eyes of 62 @entity0 with inflammatory @entity4 other than @entity1 . METHODS: We examined the eyes of all @entity0 by IVCM and slit-lamp examination. For IVCM, corneas were scanned with Confoscan 3 or 4 (Nidek Technologies, Albignasego, Padova, Italy). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All IVCM examinations were qualitatively reviewed for signs of endothelial deviations characteristic of endotheliitis. Endothelial cell density (ECD) was evaluated on the first and last visits of @entity0 who were followed for more than 100 days. The differences in ECDs were calculated and converted to percent ECD change per year. RESULTS: Endothelial alterations characteristic of endotheliitis were detected by IVCM in 107 of 250 @entity0 with @entity2 (43%). These deviations consisted of pseudoguttata, enlarged intercellular gaps, infiltration of inflammatory cells into the endothelial layer, loss of defined cell boundaries, spot-like holes, and endothelial denudation. All of these signs disappeared with appropriate antiviral and anti-inflammatory treatment. However, the endothelium in eyes with endotheliitis-characteristic alterations showed a significant decrease in ECD (10.3% per year) compared with healthy fellow eyes. CONCLUSIONS: IVCM allows earlier detection of endothelial alterations in @entity0 with @entity2 compared with slit-lamp examination. Although endotheliitis-specific alterations appear to resolve, the corneal endothelium can become irreversibly damaged.

title: Endothelial involvement in XXXX : an in vivo confocal microscopy study.

answer: @entity2