abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intratumoral B lymphocytes are an integral part of the @entity1 microenvironment. Interrogation of the antibodies they express may improve our understanding of the host response to @entity2 and could be useful in elucidating novel molecular targets. We used two strategies to explore the repertoire of intratumoral B cell antibodies. First, we cloned VH and VL genes from single intratumoral B lymphocytes isolated from one @entity1 , expressed the genes as recombinant mAbs, and used the mAbs to identify the cognate tumor antigens. The Igs derived from intratumoral B cells demonstrated class switching, with a mean VH mutation frequency of 4  %. Although there was no evidence for clonal expansion, these data are consistent with antigen-driven somatic hypermutation. Individual recombinant antibodies were polyreactive, although one clone demonstrated preferential immunoreactivity with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We found that higher levels of @entity3 antibodies were more common in @entity2 @entity0 , but measurement of @entity3 antibody levels was not a sensitive test for detecting @entity2 . Second, in an effort to focus our recombinant antibody expression efforts on those B cells that displayed evidence of clonal expansion driven by antigen stimulation, we performed deep sequencing of the Ig genes of B cells collected from seven different @entity2 . Deep sequencing demonstrated somatic hypermutation but no dominant clones. These strategies may be useful for the study of B cell antibody expression, although identification of a dominant clone and unique therapeutic targets may require extensive investigation.

title: Interrogation of individual intratumoral B lymphocytes from @entity1 XXXX for molecular target discovery.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine cardiac hemodynamics during acute @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity2 venous function during acute @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in subjects with @entity3 compared with sedentary nondisabled controls. Nineteen paraplegic males (below T6) and nine age-, height-, and weight-matched control subjects participated. Heart rate, @entity0 volume, and cardiac output were assessed using the noninvasive @entity5 uptake method. Venous vascular function of the @entity2 was assessed using venous occlusion plethysmography. After supine measurements were collected, the table was moved to 10 degrees @entity1 followed by the three levels of @entity1 (10, 35, and 75 degrees ) in random order. Cardiac hemodynamics were similar between the groups at all positions. @entity2 circumference was significantly reduced in the paraplegic group compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Venous capacitance and compliance were significantly reduced in the paraplegic compared with control group at supine and @entity1 . Neither venous capacitance (P = 0.37) nor compliance (P = 0.19) increased from supine with 10 degrees @entity1 in the paraplegic group. A significant linear relationship was established between supine venous compliance and supine cardiac output in the control group (r = 0.80, P < 0.02) but not in the paraplegic group. The findings of reduced @entity2 circumference and similar venous capacitance at supine rest and 10 degrees @entity1 in the paraplegic group imply that structural changes may have limited @entity4 in individuals with chronic @entity3 . Furthermore, the lack of a relationship between supine venous compliance and supine cardiac output suggests that cardiac homeostasis does not rely on venous compliance in subjects with @entity3 .

title: Cardiac homeostasis is independent of XXXX venous compliance in subjects with @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine cardiac hemodynamics during acute @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity2 venous function during acute @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in subjects with @entity3 compared with sedentary nondisabled controls. Nineteen paraplegic males (below T6) and nine age-, height-, and weight-matched control subjects participated. Heart rate, @entity0 volume, and cardiac output were assessed using the noninvasive @entity5 uptake method. Venous vascular function of the @entity2 was assessed using venous occlusion plethysmography. After supine measurements were collected, the table was moved to 10 degrees @entity1 followed by the three levels of @entity1 (10, 35, and 75 degrees ) in random order. Cardiac hemodynamics were similar between the groups at all positions. @entity2 circumference was significantly reduced in the paraplegic group compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Venous capacitance and compliance were significantly reduced in the paraplegic compared with control group at supine and @entity1 . Neither venous capacitance (P = 0.37) nor compliance (P = 0.19) increased from supine with 10 degrees @entity1 in the paraplegic group. A significant linear relationship was established between supine venous compliance and supine cardiac output in the control group (r = 0.80, P < 0.02) but not in the paraplegic group. The findings of reduced @entity2 circumference and similar venous capacitance at supine rest and 10 degrees @entity1 in the paraplegic group imply that structural changes may have limited @entity4 in individuals with chronic @entity3 . Furthermore, the lack of a relationship between supine venous compliance and supine cardiac output suggests that cardiac homeostasis does not rely on venous compliance in subjects with @entity3 .

title: Cardiac homeostasis is independent of @entity2 venous compliance in subjects with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 -based drugs, Casiopeinas (Cas), exhibit antiproliferative and antineoplastic activities in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Unfortunately, the clinical use of these novel chemotherapeutics could be limited by the development of dose-dependent @entity3 . In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying Cas @entity3 and anticancer activity are not completely understood. Here, we explore the potential impact of Cas on the @entity1 energetics as the molecular mechanisms underlying Cas-induced @entity3 . To explore the properties on mitochondrial metabolism, we determined Cas effects on respiration, membrane potential, membrane permeability, and redox state in isolated @entity1 . The effect of Cas on the mitochondrial membrane potential (    m) was also evaluated in isolated cardiomyocytes by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Cas IIIEa, IIgly, and IIIia predominately inhibited maximal @entity6 - and @entity7 -linked mitochondrial respiration, increased the state-4 respiration rate and reduced membrane potential, suggesting that Cas also act as mitochondrial uncouplers. Interestingly, @entity0 inhibited Cas-induced mitochondrial depolarization, suggesting the involvement of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Similarly to isolated mitochondria, in isolated cardiomyocytes, Cas treatment decreased the     m and @entity0 treatment prevented mitochondrial depolarization. The production of @entity8 increased in Cas-treated mitochondria, which might also increase the oxidation of mitochondrial proteins such as @entity5 translocase. In accordance, an antioxidant scavenger (Tiron) significantly diminished Cas IIIia mitochondrial depolarization. Cas induces a prominent loss of membrane potential, associated with alterations in redox state, which increases mPTP opening, potentially due to @entity4 -dependent modifications of the pore, suggesting that direct or indirect inhibition of mPTP opening might reduce Cas-induced @entity3 .

title: Antineoplastic @entity2 coordinated complexes (Casiopeinas) uncouple oxidative phosphorylation and induce mitochondrial permeability transition in XXXX and cardiomyocytes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 -based drugs, Casiopeinas (Cas), exhibit antiproliferative and antineoplastic activities in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Unfortunately, the clinical use of these novel chemotherapeutics could be limited by the development of dose-dependent @entity3 . In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying Cas @entity3 and anticancer activity are not completely understood. Here, we explore the potential impact of Cas on the @entity1 energetics as the molecular mechanisms underlying Cas-induced @entity3 . To explore the properties on mitochondrial metabolism, we determined Cas effects on respiration, membrane potential, membrane permeability, and redox state in isolated @entity1 . The effect of Cas on the mitochondrial membrane potential (    m) was also evaluated in isolated cardiomyocytes by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Cas IIIEa, IIgly, and IIIia predominately inhibited maximal @entity6 - and @entity7 -linked mitochondrial respiration, increased the state-4 respiration rate and reduced membrane potential, suggesting that Cas also act as mitochondrial uncouplers. Interestingly, @entity0 inhibited Cas-induced mitochondrial depolarization, suggesting the involvement of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Similarly to isolated mitochondria, in isolated cardiomyocytes, Cas treatment decreased the     m and @entity0 treatment prevented mitochondrial depolarization. The production of @entity8 increased in Cas-treated mitochondria, which might also increase the oxidation of mitochondrial proteins such as @entity5 translocase. In accordance, an antioxidant scavenger (Tiron) significantly diminished Cas IIIia mitochondrial depolarization. Cas induces a prominent loss of membrane potential, associated with alterations in redox state, which increases mPTP opening, potentially due to @entity4 -dependent modifications of the pore, suggesting that direct or indirect inhibition of mPTP opening might reduce Cas-induced @entity3 .

title: Antineoplastic XXXX coordinated complexes (Casiopeinas) uncouple oxidative phosphorylation and induce mitochondrial permeability transition in @entity1 and cardiomyocytes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary genitourinary (GU) @entity3 is a @entity4 , which is poorly characterized. OBJECTIVE: To examine clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of @entity3 among @entity0 and @entity0 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Retrospective study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1973-2010) was used to identify @entity3 cases by @entity1 site and histology codes. We examined associations of @entity3 with demographic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics, as well as @entity2 ( @entity2 ). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: @entity2 was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox-proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% CI for factors associated with worse @entity2 . RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: A total of 1,586 histologically confirmed cases of @entity3 were identified with a median age of 66.1 years (IQR: 55-80). Incidence of @entity3 was 0.2cases/million among @entity0 and 1.80cases/million among @entity0 . Overall, 60.1% of @entity0 had localized disease at presentation and 90.5% of @entity0 had @entity1 -directed surgery. @entity0 with @entity3 had the worst 5- and 10-year @entity2 (39% and 29%, respectively). @entity0 with @entity3 had worse 5- and 10-year @entity2 compared to @entity0 with @entity3 . In multivariate analysis, decreased survival was associated with increasing age, distant stage, and lymph node involvement. Results are limited by the lack of standardized staging for @entity3 and the retrospective design of our study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity3 present with advanced stage and have a poor prognosis. @entity0 have worse @entity2 compared to @entity0 . @entity2 is negatively associated with advanced age at diagnosis, higher stage, and lymph node involvement. @entity0 SUMMARY: Clinicians and @entity0 must be aware of the poor disease-specific outcomes associated with @entity3 . Most importantly, @entity0 fare worse than @entity0 and @entity3 have worse outcomes compared to cutaneous @entity3 .

title: Primary genitourinary @entity3 : Epidemiology and XXXX in a large population-based cohort.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Primary genitourinary (GU) @entity3 is a @entity4 , which is poorly characterized. OBJECTIVE: To examine clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of @entity3 among @entity0 and @entity0 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Retrospective study using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (1973-2010) was used to identify @entity3 cases by @entity1 site and histology codes. We examined associations of @entity3 with demographic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics, as well as @entity2 ( @entity2 ). OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: @entity2 was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox-proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% CI for factors associated with worse @entity2 . RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: A total of 1,586 histologically confirmed cases of @entity3 were identified with a median age of 66.1 years (IQR: 55-80). Incidence of @entity3 was 0.2cases/million among @entity0 and 1.80cases/million among @entity0 . Overall, 60.1% of @entity0 had localized disease at presentation and 90.5% of @entity0 had @entity1 -directed surgery. @entity0 with @entity3 had the worst 5- and 10-year @entity2 (39% and 29%, respectively). @entity0 with @entity3 had worse 5- and 10-year @entity2 compared to @entity0 with @entity3 . In multivariate analysis, decreased survival was associated with increasing age, distant stage, and lymph node involvement. Results are limited by the lack of standardized staging for @entity3 and the retrospective design of our study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity3 present with advanced stage and have a poor prognosis. @entity0 have worse @entity2 compared to @entity0 . @entity2 is negatively associated with advanced age at diagnosis, higher stage, and lymph node involvement. @entity0 SUMMARY: Clinicians and @entity0 must be aware of the poor disease-specific outcomes associated with @entity3 . Most importantly, @entity0 fare worse than @entity0 and @entity3 have worse outcomes compared to cutaneous @entity3 .

title: Primary genitourinary XXXX : Epidemiology and @entity2 in a large population-based cohort.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Performance criteria have been established for in vitro blood @entity2 monitoring, particularly for the self-monitoring of blood @entity2 using @entity2 meters. Devices intended for use in the future, such as the continuous @entity2 monitoring system (CGMS), should satisfy similar criteria, particularly in @entity1 @entity0 under intensive therapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The analysis was conducted on 18 type 1 @entity1 @entity0 (not controlled, HbA(1c) >7.5%) treated by external pump using insulin analogs. Each @entity0 received a @entity2 sensor for 3 days during his/her hospitalization and was instructed in its operation. Medtronic criteria were used to determine the accuracy of the CGMS. In addition, the data were analyzed according to American @entity1 Association (ADA) criteria, Clarke Error Grid analysis, and method of residuals, with the @entity2 oxidase method using a Beckman analyzer used as the reference method. Specificity and sensitivity were evaluated from the viewpoint of accuracy in the detection of @entity3 . For nine @entity0 , two @entity2 sensors were simultaneously inserted into an abdominal site to determine the reproducibility of the system. RESULTS-Among the 33 @entity2 sensors inserted, 6 (18%) were nonfunctional. The mean duration of CGMS recording was 63 +/- 12 h. From all of the 692 sets of data that paired @entity2 readings and CGMS, the coefficients of correlation ranged from 0.87 to 0.92 and the mean absolute error ranged from 12.8 to 15.7%. The time experienced in @entity3 (<55 mg/dl) was reported at 86 +/- 62 min/day. Only 39% of the CGMS values satisfied the ADA precision criteria to within +/-10%, and 19% of these values satisfied the future ADA precision criteria of accuracy to within +/-5%. The means of difference method showed that the CGMS slightly underestimated the plasma @entity2 values (mean = -12 mg/dl). Error grid analysis showed only 77% of the @entity2 sensor values were in zone A, and 98.9% were in zones A and B. Two values fell in zone C and a single value fell in zone D. The sensitivity and specificity of the CGMS to detect @entity3 were 33 and 96%, respectively. A total of 6666 paired sensor values were recorded with a coefficient of correlation of 0.84 with a @entity4 .25%. CONCLUSIONS: CGMS could be useful in routine clinical practice to provide much more information on the @entity2 profile than intermittent self-monitoring of blood @entity2 (SMBG). However, CGMS cannot be used as a replacement for @entity2 meters because it does not satisfy the conventional performance goals set down for in vitro @entity2 measurements and could therefore lead to clinically incorrect treatment decisions.

title: Clinical performance of CGMS in type 1 XXXX @entity0 treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using insulin analogs.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Performance criteria have been established for in vitro blood @entity2 monitoring, particularly for the self-monitoring of blood @entity2 using @entity2 meters. Devices intended for use in the future, such as the continuous @entity2 monitoring system (CGMS), should satisfy similar criteria, particularly in @entity1 @entity0 under intensive therapy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The analysis was conducted on 18 type 1 @entity1 @entity0 (not controlled, HbA(1c) >7.5%) treated by external pump using insulin analogs. Each @entity0 received a @entity2 sensor for 3 days during his/her hospitalization and was instructed in its operation. Medtronic criteria were used to determine the accuracy of the CGMS. In addition, the data were analyzed according to American @entity1 Association (ADA) criteria, Clarke Error Grid analysis, and method of residuals, with the @entity2 oxidase method using a Beckman analyzer used as the reference method. Specificity and sensitivity were evaluated from the viewpoint of accuracy in the detection of @entity3 . For nine @entity0 , two @entity2 sensors were simultaneously inserted into an abdominal site to determine the reproducibility of the system. RESULTS-Among the 33 @entity2 sensors inserted, 6 (18%) were nonfunctional. The mean duration of CGMS recording was 63 +/- 12 h. From all of the 692 sets of data that paired @entity2 readings and CGMS, the coefficients of correlation ranged from 0.87 to 0.92 and the mean absolute error ranged from 12.8 to 15.7%. The time experienced in @entity3 (<55 mg/dl) was reported at 86 +/- 62 min/day. Only 39% of the CGMS values satisfied the ADA precision criteria to within +/-10%, and 19% of these values satisfied the future ADA precision criteria of accuracy to within +/-5%. The means of difference method showed that the CGMS slightly underestimated the plasma @entity2 values (mean = -12 mg/dl). Error grid analysis showed only 77% of the @entity2 sensor values were in zone A, and 98.9% were in zones A and B. Two values fell in zone C and a single value fell in zone D. The sensitivity and specificity of the CGMS to detect @entity3 were 33 and 96%, respectively. A total of 6666 paired sensor values were recorded with a coefficient of correlation of 0.84 with a @entity4 .25%. CONCLUSIONS: CGMS could be useful in routine clinical practice to provide much more information on the @entity2 profile than intermittent self-monitoring of blood @entity2 (SMBG). However, CGMS cannot be used as a replacement for @entity2 meters because it does not satisfy the conventional performance goals set down for in vitro @entity2 measurements and could therefore lead to clinically incorrect treatment decisions.

title: Clinical performance of CGMS in type 1 @entity1 XXXX treated by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using insulin analogs.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 differentially impacts glutamatergic signaling in downstream On and Off @entity2 . In rodent models, @entity3 leads to loss of glutamatergic signaling in On @entity2 , whereas Off @entity2 appear to retain @entity6 sensitivity, even after extensive photoreceptor loss. The localization and identity of the receptors that mediate these residual @entity6 responses in Off @entity2 have not been determined. Recent studies show that macaque and @entity1 Off @entity2 receive glutamatergic input primarily through @entity7 -type @entity6 receptors. Here, we studied the impact of @entity3 on @entity6 receptor and their associated proteins in Off and On @entity2 . We show that the @entity7 receptor subunit, @entity8 , persists in remodeled Off bipolar cell dendrites of the rd10 @entity1 retina. However, the pattern of expression is altered and the intensity of staining is reduced compared to wild-type retina. The @entity7 receptor auxiliary subunit, @entity10 , also remains in Off bipolar cell dendrites after extensive @entity3 . Similar preservation of @entity7 receptor subunits was evident in @entity0 retina in which photoreceptors had degenerated due to @entity4 . In contrast, @entity3 leads to loss of synaptic expression of @entity9 in @entity1 and @entity0 On @entity2 , but strong somatic expression remains. These findings demonstrate that Off @entity2 retain dendritic @entity6 receptors during @entity5 and could thus serve as a conduit for signal transmission from transplanted or optogenetically restored photoreceptors.

title: Alterations in @entity7 Receptor and XXXX Localization in Bipolar Cells after Retinal Photoreceptor Degeneration.

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity3 differentially impacts glutamatergic signaling in downstream On and Off @entity2 . In rodent models, @entity3 leads to loss of glutamatergic signaling in On @entity2 , whereas Off @entity2 appear to retain @entity6 sensitivity, even after extensive photoreceptor loss. The localization and identity of the receptors that mediate these residual @entity6 responses in Off @entity2 have not been determined. Recent studies show that macaque and @entity1 Off @entity2 receive glutamatergic input primarily through @entity7 -type @entity6 receptors. Here, we studied the impact of @entity3 on @entity6 receptor and their associated proteins in Off and On @entity2 . We show that the @entity7 receptor subunit, @entity8 , persists in remodeled Off bipolar cell dendrites of the rd10 @entity1 retina. However, the pattern of expression is altered and the intensity of staining is reduced compared to wild-type retina. The @entity7 receptor auxiliary subunit, @entity10 , also remains in Off bipolar cell dendrites after extensive @entity3 . Similar preservation of @entity7 receptor subunits was evident in @entity0 retina in which photoreceptors had degenerated due to @entity4 . In contrast, @entity3 leads to loss of synaptic expression of @entity9 in @entity1 and @entity0 On @entity2 , but strong somatic expression remains. These findings demonstrate that Off @entity2 retain dendritic @entity6 receptors during @entity5 and could thus serve as a conduit for signal transmission from transplanted or optogenetically restored photoreceptors.

title: Alterations in XXXX Receptor and @entity9 Localization in Bipolar Cells after Retinal Photoreceptor Degeneration.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Cortical neuroplasticity alterations are implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic @entity4 . However, the relationship between critical cortex excitability and @entity4 maintenance has not been fully elucidated. We recently demonstrated a top-down corticospinal descending @entity4 modulation pathway from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to the spinal dorsal horn that could directly regulate nociceptive transmission. Thus, we aimed to investigate possible corticotrigeminal connections that directly influence orofacial nociception in @entity1 . Infraorbital nerve chronic @entity2 (IoN-CCI) induced significant @entity3 as well as @entity4 such as @entity5 in @entity1 . By combining retrograde and anterograde tract tracing, we found powerful evidence that the trigeminal caudal subnucleus (Vc), especially the superficial laminae (I/II), received direct descending projections from granular and dysgranular parts of the @entity6 ( @entity6 ). @entity8 ( @entity8 ), an important signaling molecule involved in neuroplasticity, was significantly activated in the @entity6 following IoN-CCI. Moreover, in @entity6 slices from IoN-CCI @entity1 , @entity10 , an inhibitor of @entity8 activation, decreased both the amplitude and the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and reduced the paired-pulse ratio (PPR) of Vc-projecting neurons. Additionally, @entity10 also reduced the number of action potentials in the Vc-projecting neurons. Finally, intra- @entity6 infusion of @entity10 obviously decreased @entity9 expression in the Vc, accompanied by the alleviation of both nociceptive behavior and negative emotions. Thus, the corticotrigeminal descending pathway from the @entity6 to the Vc could directly regulate @entity4 , and @entity8 deactivation in the @entity6 could effectively alleviate @entity0 as well as @entity4 in IoN-CCI @entity1 , probably through this top-down pathway. These findings may help researchers and clinicians to better understand the underlying modulation mechanisms of orofacial @entity0 and indicate a novel mechanism of @entity8 inhibitor-induced @entity7 .

title: Corticotrigeminal Projections from the Insular Cortex to the Trigeminal Caudal Subnucleus Regulate Orofacial XXXX after Nerve Injury via @entity8 Activation in Insular Cortex Neurons.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Cortical neuroplasticity alterations are implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic @entity4 . However, the relationship between critical cortex excitability and @entity4 maintenance has not been fully elucidated. We recently demonstrated a top-down corticospinal descending @entity4 modulation pathway from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) to the spinal dorsal horn that could directly regulate nociceptive transmission. Thus, we aimed to investigate possible corticotrigeminal connections that directly influence orofacial nociception in @entity1 . Infraorbital nerve chronic @entity2 (IoN-CCI) induced significant @entity3 as well as @entity4 such as @entity5 in @entity1 . By combining retrograde and anterograde tract tracing, we found powerful evidence that the trigeminal caudal subnucleus (Vc), especially the superficial laminae (I/II), received direct descending projections from granular and dysgranular parts of the @entity6 ( @entity6 ). @entity8 ( @entity8 ), an important signaling molecule involved in neuroplasticity, was significantly activated in the @entity6 following IoN-CCI. Moreover, in @entity6 slices from IoN-CCI @entity1 , @entity10 , an inhibitor of @entity8 activation, decreased both the amplitude and the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) and reduced the paired-pulse ratio (PPR) of Vc-projecting neurons. Additionally, @entity10 also reduced the number of action potentials in the Vc-projecting neurons. Finally, intra- @entity6 infusion of @entity10 obviously decreased @entity9 expression in the Vc, accompanied by the alleviation of both nociceptive behavior and negative emotions. Thus, the corticotrigeminal descending pathway from the @entity6 to the Vc could directly regulate @entity4 , and @entity8 deactivation in the @entity6 could effectively alleviate @entity0 as well as @entity4 in IoN-CCI @entity1 , probably through this top-down pathway. These findings may help researchers and clinicians to better understand the underlying modulation mechanisms of orofacial @entity0 and indicate a novel mechanism of @entity8 inhibitor-induced @entity7 .

title: Corticotrigeminal Projections from the Insular Cortex to the Trigeminal Caudal Subnucleus Regulate Orofacial @entity4 after Nerve Injury via XXXX Activation in Insular Cortex Neurons.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) show @entity1 and production of language, and also @entity1 in perceiving auditory cues to rhythm [amplitude rise time (ART) and sound duration] and in tapping to a rhythmic beat. Here we explore potential links between language development and rhythm perception in 45 @entity0 with @entity3 and 50 age-matched controls. We administered three rhythmic tasks, a musical beat detection task, a tapping-to-music task, and a novel music/speech task, which varied rhythm and pitch cues independently or together in both speech and music. Via low-pass filtering, the music sounded as though it was played from a low-quality radio and the speech sounded as though it was muffled (heard "behind the door"). We report data for all of the @entity3 @entity0 (N = 45, IQ varying), as well as for two independent subgroupings with intact IQ. One subgroup, "Pure @entity3 ," had intact phonology and reading (N = 16), the other, " @entity3 PPR" (N = 15), had impaired phonology and reading. When IQ varied (all @entity3 @entity0 ), we found significant group differences in all the rhythmic tasks. For the Pure @entity3 group, there were @entity1 in the tapping task only. For @entity0 with @entity3 and poor phonology ( @entity3 PPR), group differences were found in all of the filtered speech/music AXB tasks. We conclude that difficulties with rhythmic cues in both speech and music are present in @entity0 with @entity2 , but that some rhythmic measures are more sensitive than others. The data are interpreted within a "prosodic phrasing" hypothesis, and we discuss the potential utility of rhythmic and musical interventions in remediating speech and language difficulties in @entity0 .

title: Awareness of Rhythm Patterns in Speech and Music in @entity0 with Specific XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) show @entity1 and production of language, and also @entity1 in perceiving auditory cues to rhythm [amplitude rise time (ART) and sound duration] and in tapping to a rhythmic beat. Here we explore potential links between language development and rhythm perception in 45 @entity0 with @entity3 and 50 age-matched controls. We administered three rhythmic tasks, a musical beat detection task, a tapping-to-music task, and a novel music/speech task, which varied rhythm and pitch cues independently or together in both speech and music. Via low-pass filtering, the music sounded as though it was played from a low-quality radio and the speech sounded as though it was muffled (heard "behind the door"). We report data for all of the @entity3 @entity0 (N = 45, IQ varying), as well as for two independent subgroupings with intact IQ. One subgroup, "Pure @entity3 ," had intact phonology and reading (N = 16), the other, " @entity3 PPR" (N = 15), had impaired phonology and reading. When IQ varied (all @entity3 @entity0 ), we found significant group differences in all the rhythmic tasks. For the Pure @entity3 group, there were @entity1 in the tapping task only. For @entity0 with @entity3 and poor phonology ( @entity3 PPR), group differences were found in all of the filtered speech/music AXB tasks. We conclude that difficulties with rhythmic cues in both speech and music are present in @entity0 with @entity2 , but that some rhythmic measures are more sensitive than others. The data are interpreted within a "prosodic phrasing" hypothesis, and we discuss the potential utility of rhythmic and musical interventions in remediating speech and language difficulties in @entity0 .

title: Awareness of Rhythm Patterns in Speech and Music in XXXX with Specific @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Chromosome doubling of microspore-derived plants is an important factor in the practical application of microspore culture technology because breeding programs require a large number of genetically stable, homozygous doubled haploid plants with a high level of fertility. In the present paper, 29 populations of microspore-derived plantlets from cabbage ( @entity1 . capitata) and broccoli ( @entity1 . italica) were used to study the ploidy level and spontaneous chromosome doubling of these populations, the artificial chromosome doubling induced by @entity0 , and the influence of tissue culture duration on the chromosomal ploidy of the microspore-derived regenerants. Spontaneous chromosome doubling occurred randomly and was genotype dependent. In the plant populations derived from microspores, there were haploids, diploids, and even a low frequency of polyploids and mixed-ploidy plantlets. The total spontaneous doubling in the 14 cabbage populations ranged from 0 to 76.9%, compared with 52.2 to 100% in the 15 broccoli populations. To improve the rate of chromosome doubling, an efficient and reliable artificial chromosome doubling protocol (i.e., the immersion of haploid plantlet roots in a @entity0 solution) was developed for cabbage and broccoli microspore-derived haploids. The optimal chromosome doubling of the haploids was obtained with a solution of 0.2% @entity0 for 9-12 h or 0.4% @entity0 for 3-9 h for cabbage and 0.05% @entity0 for 6-12 h for broccoli. This protocol produced chromosome doubling in over 50% of the haploid genotypes for most of the populations derived from cabbage and broccoli. Notably, after 1 or more years in tissue culture, the chromosomes of the haploids were doubled, and most of the haploids turned into doubled haploid or mixed-ploidy plants. This is the first report indicating that tissue culture duration can change the chromosomal ploidy of microspore-derived regenerants.

title: Chromosome Doubling of Microspore-Derived Plants from Cabbage ( XXXX . capitata L.) and Broccoli ( @entity1 . italica L.).

answer: @entity1


abstract: Chromosome doubling of microspore-derived plants is an important factor in the practical application of microspore culture technology because breeding programs require a large number of genetically stable, homozygous doubled haploid plants with a high level of fertility. In the present paper, 29 populations of microspore-derived plantlets from cabbage ( @entity1 . capitata) and broccoli ( @entity1 . italica) were used to study the ploidy level and spontaneous chromosome doubling of these populations, the artificial chromosome doubling induced by @entity0 , and the influence of tissue culture duration on the chromosomal ploidy of the microspore-derived regenerants. Spontaneous chromosome doubling occurred randomly and was genotype dependent. In the plant populations derived from microspores, there were haploids, diploids, and even a low frequency of polyploids and mixed-ploidy plantlets. The total spontaneous doubling in the 14 cabbage populations ranged from 0 to 76.9%, compared with 52.2 to 100% in the 15 broccoli populations. To improve the rate of chromosome doubling, an efficient and reliable artificial chromosome doubling protocol (i.e., the immersion of haploid plantlet roots in a @entity0 solution) was developed for cabbage and broccoli microspore-derived haploids. The optimal chromosome doubling of the haploids was obtained with a solution of 0.2% @entity0 for 9-12 h or 0.4% @entity0 for 3-9 h for cabbage and 0.05% @entity0 for 6-12 h for broccoli. This protocol produced chromosome doubling in over 50% of the haploid genotypes for most of the populations derived from cabbage and broccoli. Notably, after 1 or more years in tissue culture, the chromosomes of the haploids were doubled, and most of the haploids turned into doubled haploid or mixed-ploidy plants. This is the first report indicating that tissue culture duration can change the chromosomal ploidy of microspore-derived regenerants.

title: Chromosome Doubling of Microspore-Derived Plants from Cabbage ( @entity1 . capitata L.) and Broccoli ( XXXX . italica L.).

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Vitrectomy can be performed to release the anteroposterior and tangential vitreoretinal tractions that sometimes create @entity2 . The present study evaluates the efficacy of this treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 19 operated eyes in 15 @entity0 with @entity1 over 17 months. The group's mean age was 61.4 years. There were 11 @entity0 and 4 @entity0 , with 13 cases of noninsulinodependent and two cases of insulinodependent @entity1 . A vitrectomy was done by the same surgeon to detach posterior hyaloidal and inner limiting membranes. Two groups were defined and compared, one including @entity0 whose visual acuity had improved and the other, @entity0 with no improvement. We used Student's t test and Leven's test from SPSS. RESULTS: Improvement in visual acuity was observed in 57.8% of the eyes studied, stabilization was achieved in 26.3%, and regression was noted in 15.7%. @entity2 resolved in 68.42% of eyes. Furthermore, inner limiting membrane colored by @entity3 was removed. An angiographic improvement was noted in 68.42% of eyes. There was no significant difference between the two groups allowing a definition of success criteria. CONCLUSION: Vitrectomy for @entity2 is currently under study and seems effective given its encouraging results.

title: [ XXXX and vitrectomy. Preliminary results: about 19 cases].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is a @entity0 that lead to decreased factor VIII activity, occurs mainly in males. Decreased factor VIII activity leads to increased risk of @entity3 events. During neonatal period, diagnosis is made after @entity5 @entity3 complication or unexpected @entity3 after medical procedures. @entity3 during neonatal period is a rare, severe @entity3 with high mortality and usually related to traumatic labor or @entity4 . @entity3 result from @entity3 . We present a neonate with unremarkable family history and uneventful pregnancy with a vaginal delivery with no instrumentation, presenting with severe @entity3 at 52 hours of life. @entity1 support measures were implemented and @entity3 managed. The unexpected @entity3 lead to a coagulation study and the diagnosis of severe @entity2 . There were no known sequelae. This case shows a rare @entity2 presentation reflecting the importance of coagulation studies when faced with unexplained severe @entity3 .

title: Neonatal XXXX : A Rare Presentation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Complete, accurate and timely discharge summaries (TTOs) enable effective communication between hospital teams and GPs. It can prevent adverse events and reduce hospital readmission rates (1). If the discharge summary does not contain important information (e.g. follow-up arrangements, accurate discharge medication list), or if follow-up arrangements are not made, then @entity0 care and outcome can be adversely affected (2,3). An electronic Medication Input Wizard was developed to improve the quality and reduce the error rates of TTOs. The Wizard makes entering drug information faster; prompts for reasons medication changes; provides examples for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) prescribing; and prompts to refer @entity0 taking @entity2 to anticoagulation clinic. An on-line guide was developed which explains how to arrange investigations and appointments. Retrospective studies of TTOs were carried out before and after these interventions, analysing documentation of medication and completion of intended follow-up arrangements. A baseline audit found 65% of medication changes on TTOs were not clearly documented, and only 8% with changes documented reasons. 40% of prescriptions for CDs were incorrect delaying discharge by 4.9 hours per @entity0 . 80% of intended follow-ups actually happened. After intervention, TTOs written using the Wizard had 100% of medication changes documented, and 75% were documented with reasons. @entity1 errors decreased to 28% (76% of errors were done without using the Wizard). Follow-up arrangements that occurred increased to 86%. A survey showed 78% of Doctors reported the Wizard was faster than typing the details in separate textboxes, and 94% believed it was beneficial. Systems should be optimised to encourage better documentation of medication details and reduce prescribing errors. Guides that explain how to make follow-up arrangements should be accessible to Doctors, to make sure follow-ups are organised correctly.

title: Improving XXXX discharge process using electronic medication input tool and on-line guide to arranging follow-ups.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We compared the clinical outcomes of laparoscopic surgery with those of laparotomy in second-look operations for @entity1 . We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 35 @entity0 treated between January 2000 and December 2005. They were categorized into two groups: Laparoscopy versus laparotomy group. Among 35 @entity0 , 18 @entity0 (51.4%) were treated with laparoscopy, and 17 @entity0 (48.6%) were treated with laparotomy. There were no statistically significant differences except for hospital stay (laparoscopy vs. laparotomy five days vs. nine days, p < 0.05). Eight @entity0 (44.4%) in the laparoscopy group and six (35.3%) in the laparotomy group were found to be pathologically positive after the second look operation. There were two recurrences (20.0%) in the laparoscopy group and four (36.4%) in the laparotomy group pathologically negative in the second-look operation (p = 0.557). There were no differences in disease-free survival rates (p = 0.705) between the two groups. The second look operation is an ideal method for histologic comfirmation of recurrent or persistent @entity1 . Laparoscopic surgery seems a safe and accurate method for the second-look examination, and can also reduce @entity0 discomfort, hospital stay and morbidity associated with laparotomy.

title: Laparoscopic second look operation for XXXX : single center experiences.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Connexins are the protein constituents of gap junctions which mediate intercellular communication in most tissues. In arterioles gap junctions appear to be important for conduction of vasomotor responses along the vessel. Studies of the expression pattern of connexin isoforms in the microcirculation are sparse. We investigated the expression of the three major vascular connexins in mesenteric arterioles (diameter <50 micro m) from male @entity0 , since conducted vasomotor responses have been described in these vessels. The findings were compared with those obtained from upstream small resistance arteries. Indirect immunofluorescence techniques were used on whole mounts of mesenteric arterioles and on frozen sections of resistance arteries (diameter approximately 300 micro m). Mesenteric arterioles expressed @entity2 and @entity1 in the endothelial layer, and @entity3 was found in most but not all vessels. Connexins were not demonstrated in the media. In resistance arteries endothelial cells expressed @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity1 . Ultrastructural studies of mesenteric arterioles confirmed that gap junction plaques between endothelial cells are present, whereas myoendothelial, or smooth muscle cell gap junctions could not be demonstrated. The findings suggest that smooth muscle cells in mesenteric arterioles may not be well coupled and favour that conducted vasomotor responses in these vessels are propagated through the endothelial cell layer.

title: Expression of XXXX , 40 and 43 in @entity0 mesenteric arterioles and resistance arteries.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Connexins are the protein constituents of gap junctions which mediate intercellular communication in most tissues. In arterioles gap junctions appear to be important for conduction of vasomotor responses along the vessel. Studies of the expression pattern of connexin isoforms in the microcirculation are sparse. We investigated the expression of the three major vascular connexins in mesenteric arterioles (diameter <50 micro m) from male @entity0 , since conducted vasomotor responses have been described in these vessels. The findings were compared with those obtained from upstream small resistance arteries. Indirect immunofluorescence techniques were used on whole mounts of mesenteric arterioles and on frozen sections of resistance arteries (diameter approximately 300 micro m). Mesenteric arterioles expressed @entity2 and @entity1 in the endothelial layer, and @entity3 was found in most but not all vessels. Connexins were not demonstrated in the media. In resistance arteries endothelial cells expressed @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity1 . Ultrastructural studies of mesenteric arterioles confirmed that gap junction plaques between endothelial cells are present, whereas myoendothelial, or smooth muscle cell gap junctions could not be demonstrated. The findings suggest that smooth muscle cells in mesenteric arterioles may not be well coupled and favour that conducted vasomotor responses in these vessels are propagated through the endothelial cell layer.

title: Expression of @entity3 , 40 and 43 in XXXX mesenteric arterioles and resistance arteries.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The specific aim of our study was neither prognosis nor long-term evaluation but focus on determining incidence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in a large population of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on the coastline of Croatia (Dalmatia) within a certain range. We compared our data with those published previously in the literature. METHODS: Our study was focused on determining incidence of @entity2 occurrence in @entity0 with @entity1 in Dalmatia, Croatia by comparing these figures with data reported elsewhere and evaluating its importance in the process of diagnosing @entity1 . The duration of the study was 10 years (1991-2001). There were 421 @entity0 (344 @entity0 and 77 @entity0 ) with confirmed @entity1 diagnosis. Median follow-up time was 2 years (range: 1.4-3.5 years). RESULTS: Existence of @entity2 was established by clinical examination in 109 of 421 @entity0 ; incidence density was 17.3%. @entity2 occurred somewhat more frequently in @entity0 (32%) as compared to @entity0 (24%) without statistically significant difference. In 38% of @entity0 , @entity2 occurred simultaneously in several sites, more frequently in @entity0 (64%) than in @entity0 (30%) (odds ratio [OR] 2.13, p <0.05). Correlation of seropositivity and @entity2 appearance was very high: positive in 84% of @entity0 with nodules as compared to 58% of @entity0 without nodules (OR 1.45, p <0.05) with no statistically significant differences between sexes. CONCLUSIONS: Results obtained warrant the conclusion that @entity2 incidence in our @entity0 from Dalmatia is comparable with results of earlier Croatian studies as well as with Western European figures and Caucasian population data reported on other continents. @entity2 incidence differs significantly for Asian and Arabian populations, i.e., is less frequent, and for the U.S. population, where it is more frequent.

title: Incidence of XXXX in Dalmatia: similarities and differences among populations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In prenatal life the fetus can be exposed to more incentires which affect the mother. In case of both active and passive smoking by pregnant @entity0 many pernicious substances contained in @entity2 smoke can influence the foetus. The components of @entity2 smoke can contribute to various antenatal complications. The aim of present work was to assess if the data given by the @entity0 in anonymous questionnaire go along with the real exposure to components of smoke assessed on the basis of concentration of @entity3 metabolite- @entity4 in mother's serum and next to assess the risk of development of gestational @entity1 and hypotrophy. The biological material was extracted with means of liquid-liquid technique and next we performed laboratory determinations with means of liquid chro- matography with sectrophotometric detection, in which @entity5 is used as inner sample. The study was carried out on 106 @entity0 in perinatal period who give birth from single, full term pregnancy. On the basis of questionnaire data considering the concentration of @entity4 , the @entity0 were divided into three groups: I group--active smokers (n = 27), II group--passive smokers (n = 32), III group--not exposed to @entity2 smoke (n = 41). The average concentration of @entity4 in blood serum in the first group was 129.6 ng/ml, second group--5.1 ng/ ml, but in all @entity0 from the control group the concentration of @entity4 was below the detection level. Gestational @entity1 was diagnosed in 17 @entity0 (16%) and hypotrophy of the foetus was diagnosed in 15 @entity0 (14%). @entity2 smoking didn't influence the development of gestational @entity1 and hypotrophy showered it is more often observed in @entity0 exposed to components of @entity2 smoke during pregnancy.

title: [Effects of active and passive smoking during pregnancy on the development of gestational XXXX and fetal hypotrophy].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In vitro and in vivo studies of anesthetics have demonstrated serious @entity2 effects on the developing brain. However, the clinical relevance of these findings to @entity0 undergoing anesthesia remains unclear. Using data from a sibling birth cohort, we assessed the association between exposure to anesthesia in the setting of surgery in @entity0 younger than 3 years and the risk of developmental and @entity1 . METHODS: We constructed a retrospective cohort of 10,450 siblings who were born between 1999 and 2005 and who were enrolled in the New York State Medicaid program. The exposed group was 304 @entity0 without a history of developmental or @entity1 who underwent surgery when they were younger than 3 years. The unexposed group was 10,146 @entity0 who did not receive any surgical procedures when they were younger than 3 years. Exposed @entity0 were entered into analysis at the date of surgery. Unexposed @entity0 were entered into analysis at age 10 months (the mean age at which exposed @entity0 underwent surgery). Both exposed and unexposed @entity0 were followed until diagnosis with a developmental or @entity1 , loss to follow-up, or the end of 2005. The association of exposure to anesthesia with subsequent developmental and @entity1 was assessed with both proportional hazards modeling, and pair-matched analysis. RESULTS: The incidence of developmental and @entity1 was 128.2 diagnoses per 1000 @entity0 -years for the exposed cohort and 56.3 diagnoses per 1000 @entity0 -years for the unexposed cohort. With adjustment for sex and history of birth-related medical complications, and clustering by sibling status, the estimated hazard ratio of developmental or @entity1 associated with any exposure to anesthesia when they were younger than 3 years was 1.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.4, 1.8). The risk increased from 1.1 (95% CI: 0.8, 1.4) for 1 operation to 2.9 (94% CI: 2.5, 3.1) for 2 operations and 4.0 (95% CI: 3.5, 4.5) for >= 3 operations. The relative risk in a matched analysis of 138 sibling pairs was 0.9 (95% CI: 0.6, 1.4). CONCLUSION: The risk of being subsequently diagnosed with developmental and @entity1 in @entity0 who were enrolled in a state Medicaid program and who had surgery when they were younger than 3 years was 60% greater than that of a similar group of siblings who did not undergo surgery. More tightly matched pairwise analyses indicate that the extent to which the excess risk is causally attributable to anesthesia or mediated by unmeasured factors remains to be determined.

title: Early childhood exposure to anesthesia and risk of developmental and XXXX in a sibling birth cohort.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 target the @entity9 biosynthetic enzyme @entity10 14alpha-demethylase and are a widely applied class of antifungal agents because of their broad therapeutic window, wide spectrum of activity, and low @entity0 . Unfortunately, @entity7 are generally fungistatic and resistance to @entity3 is emerging in several fungal pathogens. We recently established that the protein phosphatase calcineurin allows survival of @entity4 during the membrane stress exerted by @entity7 . The calcineurin inhibitors @entity1 (CsA) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are dramatically synergistic with @entity7 , resulting in potent fungicidal activity, and mutant strains lacking calcineurin are markedly hypersensitive to @entity7 . Here we establish that drugs targeting other enzymes in the @entity9 biosynthetic pathway (terbinafine and @entity11 ) also exhibit dramatic synergistic antifungal activity against wild-type @entity4 when used in conjunction with CsA and @entity2 . Similarly, @entity4 mutant strains lacking calcineurin B are markedly hypersensitive to terbinafine and @entity11 . The @entity2 binding protein FKBP12 is required for @entity2 synergism with @entity9 biosynthesis inhibitors, and a calcineurin mutation that confers @entity2 resistance abolishes drug synergism. Additionally, we provide evidence of drug synergy between the nonimmunosuppressive @entity2 analog @entity12 and @entity11 or @entity8 against wild-type @entity4 . These drug combinations also exert synergistic effects against two other Candida species, @entity6 and C. krusei, which are known for intrinsic or rapidly acquired resistance to @entity7 . These studies demonstrate that the activity of non- @entity5 antifungal agents that target @entity9 biosynthesis can be enhanced by inhibition of the calcineurin signaling pathway, extending their spectrum of action and providing an alternative approach by which to overcome antifungal drug resistance.

title: XXXX biosynthesis inhibitors become fungicidal when combined with calcineurin inhibitors against @entity4 , @entity6 , and Candida krusei.

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity7 target the @entity9 biosynthetic enzyme @entity10 14alpha-demethylase and are a widely applied class of antifungal agents because of their broad therapeutic window, wide spectrum of activity, and low @entity0 . Unfortunately, @entity7 are generally fungistatic and resistance to @entity3 is emerging in several fungal pathogens. We recently established that the protein phosphatase calcineurin allows survival of @entity4 during the membrane stress exerted by @entity7 . The calcineurin inhibitors @entity1 (CsA) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are dramatically synergistic with @entity7 , resulting in potent fungicidal activity, and mutant strains lacking calcineurin are markedly hypersensitive to @entity7 . Here we establish that drugs targeting other enzymes in the @entity9 biosynthetic pathway (terbinafine and @entity11 ) also exhibit dramatic synergistic antifungal activity against wild-type @entity4 when used in conjunction with CsA and @entity2 . Similarly, @entity4 mutant strains lacking calcineurin B are markedly hypersensitive to terbinafine and @entity11 . The @entity2 binding protein FKBP12 is required for @entity2 synergism with @entity9 biosynthesis inhibitors, and a calcineurin mutation that confers @entity2 resistance abolishes drug synergism. Additionally, we provide evidence of drug synergy between the nonimmunosuppressive @entity2 analog @entity12 and @entity11 or @entity8 against wild-type @entity4 . These drug combinations also exert synergistic effects against two other Candida species, @entity6 and C. krusei, which are known for intrinsic or rapidly acquired resistance to @entity7 . These studies demonstrate that the activity of non- @entity5 antifungal agents that target @entity9 biosynthesis can be enhanced by inhibition of the calcineurin signaling pathway, extending their spectrum of action and providing an alternative approach by which to overcome antifungal drug resistance.

title: @entity9 biosynthesis inhibitors become fungicidal when combined with calcineurin inhibitors against XXXX , @entity6 , and Candida krusei.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity7 target the @entity9 biosynthetic enzyme @entity10 14alpha-demethylase and are a widely applied class of antifungal agents because of their broad therapeutic window, wide spectrum of activity, and low @entity0 . Unfortunately, @entity7 are generally fungistatic and resistance to @entity3 is emerging in several fungal pathogens. We recently established that the protein phosphatase calcineurin allows survival of @entity4 during the membrane stress exerted by @entity7 . The calcineurin inhibitors @entity1 (CsA) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are dramatically synergistic with @entity7 , resulting in potent fungicidal activity, and mutant strains lacking calcineurin are markedly hypersensitive to @entity7 . Here we establish that drugs targeting other enzymes in the @entity9 biosynthetic pathway (terbinafine and @entity11 ) also exhibit dramatic synergistic antifungal activity against wild-type @entity4 when used in conjunction with CsA and @entity2 . Similarly, @entity4 mutant strains lacking calcineurin B are markedly hypersensitive to terbinafine and @entity11 . The @entity2 binding protein FKBP12 is required for @entity2 synergism with @entity9 biosynthesis inhibitors, and a calcineurin mutation that confers @entity2 resistance abolishes drug synergism. Additionally, we provide evidence of drug synergy between the nonimmunosuppressive @entity2 analog @entity12 and @entity11 or @entity8 against wild-type @entity4 . These drug combinations also exert synergistic effects against two other Candida species, @entity6 and C. krusei, which are known for intrinsic or rapidly acquired resistance to @entity7 . These studies demonstrate that the activity of non- @entity5 antifungal agents that target @entity9 biosynthesis can be enhanced by inhibition of the calcineurin signaling pathway, extending their spectrum of action and providing an alternative approach by which to overcome antifungal drug resistance.

title: @entity9 biosynthesis inhibitors become fungicidal when combined with calcineurin inhibitors against @entity4 , XXXX , and Candida krusei.

answer: @entity6


abstract: In ruminants, interferon produced by the trophectoderm ( @entity6 ) is recognized as the embryonic signal responsible for maternal recognition of pregnancy. @entity6 is believed to act by down-regulating @entity0 receptors, thus preventing appearance of @entity2 receptors responsible for the release of @entity4 (PGF(2alpha)) by the endometrium. The present study was undertaken to determine in vitro the biological activities of different @entity6 isoforms and document putative alternate luteotrophic mechanisms. Endometrial cells in primary cultures were treated with five different rIFN-tau isoforms: two ovine isoforms (ro-4 and @entity7 ) and three @entity1 isoforms (rb-1a, rb-2b and rb-3b). Their effect was quantified by measurement of @entity3 and PGF(2alpha) production by ELISA and induction of cyclooxygenase ( @entity5 ) by Western and Northern analysis and correlated with antiviral activity previously reported. The overall pattern of response to the IFNs tested suggests that low concentrations (<1 microg/ml) reduced the production of both PGs and higher concentrations (>1 microg/ml) stimulated preferentially @entity3 ; however, exceptions were noted. Isoform rb-2b with high antiviral activity inhibited PG production in both cell types at all concentrations tested. IFNs rb-1a and @entity7 had similar antiviral activities, inhibiting PG at low concentrations and stimulating them at high concentrations. Isoform rb-3b stands out relative to the other IFNs tested because it induced a variable non-dose-dependent effect on PG production and low antiviral activity. An increase in @entity5 protein expression and messenger was correlated with increased PG production. The results showing two distinct responses to @entity6 depending on its concentration and/or isoform and the absence of correlation with antiviral activity suggest that complex transduction mechanisms are involved.

title: Influence of different isoforms of recombinant trophoblastic interferons on prostaglandin production in cultured XXXX endometrial cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) produce various cytokines. Also, there is a growing opinion that a large proportion of the useful effects of cell therapy may be attributable to the secretion of cytokines. Several reports suggested beneficial effects of hASCs on skin. These include antioxidant activity, accelerated wound healing, whitening effects, and antiaging. We investigated the effect of hASCs on skin Wnt signaling, which is associated with skin regeneration and differentiation. METHODS: Pieces of @entity0 skin were cocultured with hASCs, and 2 chambered transwell culture plates were used to prevent direct contact between hASCs and skin. In the control group, pieces of skin were cultured without hASCs. @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity2 mRNA expressions were quantitatively assessed using real-time polymerase chain reaction. The expression levels of @entity1 were compared using Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS: The @entity5 and @entity3 mRNA expression of cultured skin was positively influenced by the presence of hASCs in culture medium (P<0.05). The total @entity1 protein level in hASC-cocultured skin was higher than that of the control group. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the @entity1 -stained area of dermis was larger in the hASC-cocultured group than in the control group, and most of the positively stained cells in the dermis were fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the current study showed that hASCs promoted canonical Wnt signaling in organotypic skin culture through paracrine effects, and the increased Wnt signaling was mainly due to dermal fibroblasts.

title: Influence of XXXX adipose-derived stromal cells on Wnt signaling in organotypic skin culture.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate the postoperative @entity1 incidence on routine histopathologic examination of surgical specimens in @entity0 who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery with the preoperative diagnosis of unilateral or @entity3 . METHODS: @entity0 who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery with the preoperative diagnosis of unilateral or @entity3 between 2000 and 2009 were included in the study as the 2 separate groups. In both groups, @entity1 incidence that had been noticed on routine postoperative histopathologic examination was recorded retrospectively. @entity0 who had a preoperative diagnosis other than @entity3 , determined on biopsy, were excluded. RESULTS: Of 251 @entity0 included, 197 had the preoperative diagnosis of @entity3 , and 54 had @entity3 . No @entity1 was diagnosed on postoperative histopathologic examinations in @entity0 with preoperative @entity3 . Seven @entity0 (12.96%) with the preoperative diagnosis of @entity3 had @entity1 on postoperative histopathologic examinations. Two of these 7 @entity0 had @entity1 that were reported preoperatively by intranasal biopsy as @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of a @entity1 is an extremely rare situation, unless there are special findings of @entity1 in @entity0 with preoperative diagnosis of @entity3 . On the other hand, histopathologic examinations should be carried out in every case operated with preoperative diagnosis of @entity3 , as the @entity1 incidence is higher.

title: Unexpected XXXX incidence in surgically removed unilateral and bilateral nasal polyps.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In 2010 a population-based cohort study showed that there was decreased efficacy of the @entity0 drug @entity2 when used in combination with @entity3 , a commonly used SSRI antidepressant. The aim of this project was to identify @entity1 who may be affected by this co-prescription and suggest a change in medication. The project was conducted across two GP practices in Clevedon (The Riverside Practice _ The Green Practice), Bristol. The @entity1 were all from the active @entity1 register at each surgery. A search was conducted to find all those on @entity2 and @entity3 , using the EMIS computer system. These @entity1 would then be sent a letter to attend clinic. The new data would then be discussed with them before recommending a change of antidepressant (typically to @entity4 ). Three @entity1 were found to be on both medications. They were all called into clinic and changed from @entity3 to @entity4 . Furthermore a presentation was given to all GPs at the two surgeries alerting them to the new guidelines. A message was also set up to flash on the computer system whenever an attempt was made to co-prescribe the two drugs. All the @entity1 on @entity2 in these two practices are now receiving the optimum treatment. Furthermore interventions have been put in place to ensure that this remains the case in future. Another data collection should be conducted in one year. This project provides a good example of how this problem could be resolved at other GP surgeries.

title: Preventing the co-prescription of XXXX and @entity3 in General Practice.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In 2010 a population-based cohort study showed that there was decreased efficacy of the @entity0 drug @entity2 when used in combination with @entity3 , a commonly used SSRI antidepressant. The aim of this project was to identify @entity1 who may be affected by this co-prescription and suggest a change in medication. The project was conducted across two GP practices in Clevedon (The Riverside Practice _ The Green Practice), Bristol. The @entity1 were all from the active @entity1 register at each surgery. A search was conducted to find all those on @entity2 and @entity3 , using the EMIS computer system. These @entity1 would then be sent a letter to attend clinic. The new data would then be discussed with them before recommending a change of antidepressant (typically to @entity4 ). Three @entity1 were found to be on both medications. They were all called into clinic and changed from @entity3 to @entity4 . Furthermore a presentation was given to all GPs at the two surgeries alerting them to the new guidelines. A message was also set up to flash on the computer system whenever an attempt was made to co-prescribe the two drugs. All the @entity1 on @entity2 in these two practices are now receiving the optimum treatment. Furthermore interventions have been put in place to ensure that this remains the case in future. Another data collection should be conducted in one year. This project provides a good example of how this problem could be resolved at other GP surgeries.

title: Preventing the co-prescription of @entity2 and XXXX in General Practice.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is well known that conventional surgery leads to detrimental immune and catabolic responses, thus there is growing interest in the effect of minimally invasive techniques on postoperative endocrine and immune function. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the @entity5 (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 ( @entity2 )/ @entity7 ( @entity7 ) @entity6 and acute phase ( @entity3 , @entity3 , and @entity4 , @entity4 ) responses in @entity0 who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. DESIGN: Twenty-nine @entity0 (16 @entity0 , 13 @entity0 ; age: 58+8 years) with a history of uncomplicated symptomatic @entity8 participated in the study. Blood samples were collected prior to and at 24 hrs and 48 hrs after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Serum concentrations of @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity7 , and @entity3 were determined by standard sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while @entity4 was measured by nephelometry. ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey's post-hoc test were used to evaluate changes in serum measurements. RESULTS: The laparoscopic cholecystectomy resulted in a significant postoperative increase in circulating levels of @entity3 (p=0.031), which is the main cytokine responsible for inducing the acute @entity1 response, and of the acute phase protein @entity4 (p=0.005). A significant increase in @entity5 levels at 24 hrs (p=0.034) and decrease of @entity2 on both postoperative days were also found (p=0.045, 0.044), while no changes were documented in @entity7 levels. Significant correlations were revealed between postoperative levels of the acute phase proteins and growth @entity6 hormones (p<0.05 - 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that laparoscopic cholecystectomy induces acute phase endocrine and immune responses. These changes may represent a state of systemic @entity1 and @entity5 resistance, compatible with possible cytokine-induced anti-anabolic or catabolic effects even after this minimally invasive cholecystectomy.

title: The growth endocrine XXXX and @entity1 responses after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It is well known that conventional surgery leads to detrimental immune and catabolic responses, thus there is growing interest in the effect of minimally invasive techniques on postoperative endocrine and immune function. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the @entity5 (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 ( @entity2 )/ @entity7 ( @entity7 ) @entity6 and acute phase ( @entity3 , @entity3 , and @entity4 , @entity4 ) responses in @entity0 who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. DESIGN: Twenty-nine @entity0 (16 @entity0 , 13 @entity0 ; age: 58+8 years) with a history of uncomplicated symptomatic @entity8 participated in the study. Blood samples were collected prior to and at 24 hrs and 48 hrs after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Serum concentrations of @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity7 , and @entity3 were determined by standard sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while @entity4 was measured by nephelometry. ANOVA with repeated measures and Tukey's post-hoc test were used to evaluate changes in serum measurements. RESULTS: The laparoscopic cholecystectomy resulted in a significant postoperative increase in circulating levels of @entity3 (p=0.031), which is the main cytokine responsible for inducing the acute @entity1 response, and of the acute phase protein @entity4 (p=0.005). A significant increase in @entity5 levels at 24 hrs (p=0.034) and decrease of @entity2 on both postoperative days were also found (p=0.045, 0.044), while no changes were documented in @entity7 levels. Significant correlations were revealed between postoperative levels of the acute phase proteins and growth @entity6 hormones (p<0.05 - 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that laparoscopic cholecystectomy induces acute phase endocrine and immune responses. These changes may represent a state of systemic @entity1 and @entity5 resistance, compatible with possible cytokine-induced anti-anabolic or catabolic effects even after this minimally invasive cholecystectomy.

title: The growth endocrine @entity6 and XXXX responses after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the clinical efficacy of topical @entity2 ( @entity3 ) 0.04% for the treatment of @entity0 with @entity4 . Clinical efficacy was evaluated on the basis of reduction in lesion size and degree of pigmentation and histologic study. METHODS: Two @entity0 , one with primary acquired @entity4 with atypia and another with @entity1 , were treated with topical @entity3 0.04%. Before treatment, a biopsy was performed that confirmed the diagnosis and the absence of atypical melanocytes beyond the basal layer. In both @entity0 , @entity3 was administered with sponges, while one @entity0 additionally received @entity3 0.04% drops. Each treatment cycle lasted 14 days, with repetition after 3 months when necessary. Follow-up was weekly, then monthly, and then every 6 months up to 3 years. RESULTS: Treatment with topical @entity3 0.04% not only reduced the size and degree of pigmentation clinical lesions in both @entity0 but also eradicated atypical conjunctival melanocytes as observed in histologic studies. In the @entity0 with primary acquired @entity4 , adjunct cryotherapy was required, along with various cycles of @entity3 , to reduce the pigmented areas of skin of the internal canthus and caruncle. In the second case, only @entity3 was used. No severe adverse reactions to the treatment were observed. After 3 years of follow-up, no clinical relapse has been detected. CONCLUSION: Topical @entity3 0.04% is an option worth considering for the treatment of @entity4 , particularly as an adjunct to other forms of treatment.

title: Topical XXXX in the treatment of @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the clinical efficacy of topical @entity2 ( @entity3 ) 0.04% for the treatment of @entity0 with @entity4 . Clinical efficacy was evaluated on the basis of reduction in lesion size and degree of pigmentation and histologic study. METHODS: Two @entity0 , one with primary acquired @entity4 with atypia and another with @entity1 , were treated with topical @entity3 0.04%. Before treatment, a biopsy was performed that confirmed the diagnosis and the absence of atypical melanocytes beyond the basal layer. In both @entity0 , @entity3 was administered with sponges, while one @entity0 additionally received @entity3 0.04% drops. Each treatment cycle lasted 14 days, with repetition after 3 months when necessary. Follow-up was weekly, then monthly, and then every 6 months up to 3 years. RESULTS: Treatment with topical @entity3 0.04% not only reduced the size and degree of pigmentation clinical lesions in both @entity0 but also eradicated atypical conjunctival melanocytes as observed in histologic studies. In the @entity0 with primary acquired @entity4 , adjunct cryotherapy was required, along with various cycles of @entity3 , to reduce the pigmented areas of skin of the internal canthus and caruncle. In the second case, only @entity3 was used. No severe adverse reactions to the treatment were observed. After 3 years of follow-up, no clinical relapse has been detected. CONCLUSION: Topical @entity3 0.04% is an option worth considering for the treatment of @entity4 , particularly as an adjunct to other forms of treatment.

title: Topical @entity2 in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: This study investigated the dynamics associated with prolonged ensiling and aerobic deterioration of whole crop @entity3 (WCC) silages and total mixed ration (TMR) silages containing WCC (C-TMR silages) to clarify the differences that account for the enhanced aerobic stability of TMR silages. Laboratory-scale barrel silos were randomly opened after 7, 14, 28, and 56 d of ensiling and were subjected to analyses of fermentation quality, microbial and temperature dynamics during aerobic exposure. WCC and C-TMR silages were both well preserved and microorganisms were inhibited with prolonged ensiling, including @entity1 bacteria. @entity0 were inhibited to below the detection limit of 500 cfu/g fresh matter within 28 d of ensiling. Aerobic stability of both silages was enhanced with prolonged ensiling, whereas C-TMR silages were more aerobically stable than WCC silages for the same ensiling period. Besides the high moisture content, the weak aerobic stability of WCC silage is likely attributable to the higher @entity1 content and @entity0 count, which result from the high water-soluble @entity2 content in WCC. After silo opening, @entity0 were the first to propagate and the increase in @entity0 levels is greater than that of other microorganisms in silages before deterioration. Besides, increased levels of aerobic bacteria were also detected before heating of WCC silages. The temperature dynamics also indicated that @entity0 are closely associated with the onset of the aerobic deterioration of C-TMR silage, whereas for WCC silages, besides @entity0 , aerobic bacteria also function in the aerobic deterioration. Therefore, the inclusion of WCC might contribute to the survival of @entity0 during ensiling but not influence the role of @entity0 in deterioration of C-TMR silages.

title: Dynamics Associated with Prolonged Ensiling and Aerobic Deterioration of Total Mixed Ration Silage Containing Whole Crop XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 refers to nails that exhibit surface roughness, raggedness, and peeling. It is a common problem, with a higher prevalence among elderly @entity0 . The goal of this study was to determine if @entity1 cream 0.1% ameliorates the signs and symptoms of brittle nails. In this open-label, single-center trial, @entity0 applied @entity1 cream to the nails twice daily for 24 weeks. Signs and symptoms were rated by the investigators and by the @entity0 during treatment and 12 weeks after discontinuation. Twenty @entity0 were enrolled in the study; 1 @entity0 withdrew prior to the 4-week followup visit. Of the 18 @entity0 available for analysis (1 @entity0 was excluded because baseline photographs were not available) for the primary end point of improvement in the physician global improvement assessment (PGIA), all 18 @entity0 achieved improvement of the target nails at week 12 as well as 16 @entity0 (88.9%) at week 24. All 18 @entity0 had improvement in the PGIA score 12 weeks posttreatment at week 36. The physician global assessment (PGA) improved for 14 of 19 @entity0 (73.7%) at both weeks 12 and 24; at week 24, 4 of 19 @entity0 had achieved a @entity3 score of none. At week 36, 17 of 19 @entity0 (89.5%) agreed that their nails had improved overall. Only 1 @entity0 (5.3%) reported mild local irritation. This study demonstrated that @entity1 improves some of the changes noted in conjunction with @entity2 with minimal to no irritation.

title: Efficacy and safety study of XXXX cream 0.1% for the treatment of @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 refers to nails that exhibit surface roughness, raggedness, and peeling. It is a common problem, with a higher prevalence among elderly @entity0 . The goal of this study was to determine if @entity1 cream 0.1% ameliorates the signs and symptoms of brittle nails. In this open-label, single-center trial, @entity0 applied @entity1 cream to the nails twice daily for 24 weeks. Signs and symptoms were rated by the investigators and by the @entity0 during treatment and 12 weeks after discontinuation. Twenty @entity0 were enrolled in the study; 1 @entity0 withdrew prior to the 4-week followup visit. Of the 18 @entity0 available for analysis (1 @entity0 was excluded because baseline photographs were not available) for the primary end point of improvement in the physician global improvement assessment (PGIA), all 18 @entity0 achieved improvement of the target nails at week 12 as well as 16 @entity0 (88.9%) at week 24. All 18 @entity0 had improvement in the PGIA score 12 weeks posttreatment at week 36. The physician global assessment (PGA) improved for 14 of 19 @entity0 (73.7%) at both weeks 12 and 24; at week 24, 4 of 19 @entity0 had achieved a @entity3 score of none. At week 36, 17 of 19 @entity0 (89.5%) agreed that their nails had improved overall. Only 1 @entity0 (5.3%) reported mild local irritation. This study demonstrated that @entity1 improves some of the changes noted in conjunction with @entity2 with minimal to no irritation.

title: Efficacy and safety study of @entity1 cream 0.1% for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Changing socio-economic gradients in adult health over time have been documented, but little research has investigated temporal changes in @entity0 health gradients. Childhood hospitalizations for injury have fallen over the last two decades; whether the socio-economic gradient in childhood injury has changed is unknown. METHODS: Population-based hospital discharge data were used to calculate rates of hospitalization for injury from 1986/87 through 2005/06 for all @entity0 under 20 years of age in Manitoba (average yearly number of hospitalizations = 326,357). Information on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) came from area-level census data and was assigned by residential postal codes. Generalized linear models with generalized estimating equations were employed to describe the relation between @entity2 and injury rates and whether this relation changed over time. All-cause @entity1 were examined as well as @entity1 for motor vehicle collisions (MVCs), other @entity1 , self-inflicted @entity1 , assault, @entity4 , @entity1 caused by machinery, @entity3 and falls. RESULTS: Injury hospitalizations for @entity0 decreased steadily over the study period, from 1.07% to 0.51%. @entity2 significantly predicted @entity1 (p < 0.0001), @entity0 with lower @entity2 showing higher rates. A significant @entity2 by year interaction (p < 0.0001) indicated that the @entity2 gradient for @entity1 increased over time. Analysis by @entity1 found a significant @entity2 by year interaction for MVCs, self-inflicted @entity1 and falls; for MVCs and self-inflicted @entity1 the pattern (increasing @entity2 gradient) was similar to that of hospitalization for all-cause injury. The pattern for falls was inconsistent. CONCLUSION: Despite the overall drop in @entity1 over time, the @entity2 gradient in hospitalized injury rates has increased.

title: Socio-economic inequities in XXXX 's injury rates: has the gradient changed over time?

answer: @entity0


abstract: Twenty-one @entity0 suffering from different @entity8 (14 from @entity9 , 4 from @entity5 , one from Sj  gren's syndrome, one from systemic @entity12 , and one from @entity6 ) were treated with a combined immuno-suppressive regimen. @entity3 was given at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day together with @entity4 . In addition, the @entity5 @entity0 also received @entity11 . In all @entity0 a kidney biopsy was performed after a treatment period of 17 to 42 months (mean duration 21.7 months). The cumulative @entity3 dose at the time of biopsy varied from 1.071 to 4.587 mg/kg. @entity0 suffering from @entity9 and @entity5 were assessed according to a scoring system set up for this purpose. The combined therapy proved useful in these @entity0 as reflected in the diminution of the respective activity scores, improvement of kidney function, and diminution of @entity7 . Histological examination of the kidney biopsy specimens showed only minimal activity in @entity0 with @entity9 . No unequivocal signs of @entity1 could be detected. In the last group, the condition of the @entity0 with Sj  gren's syndrome was stabilized and the @entity0 with systemic @entity10 improved clinically. Neither @entity0 had signs of @entity1 . The @entity0 with @entity6 , in whom kidney biopsy was performed before and after treatment, showed improvement of kidney function, diminution of @entity7 , and diminution of inflammatory activity within the kidney, and no signs of @entity3 @entity2 .

title: Combined steroid- XXXX treatment of chronic @entity8 . Clinical results and assessment of nephrotoxicity by renal biopsy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Twenty-one @entity0 suffering from different @entity8 (14 from @entity9 , 4 from @entity5 , one from Sj  gren's syndrome, one from systemic @entity12 , and one from @entity6 ) were treated with a combined immuno-suppressive regimen. @entity3 was given at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day together with @entity4 . In addition, the @entity5 @entity0 also received @entity11 . In all @entity0 a kidney biopsy was performed after a treatment period of 17 to 42 months (mean duration 21.7 months). The cumulative @entity3 dose at the time of biopsy varied from 1.071 to 4.587 mg/kg. @entity0 suffering from @entity9 and @entity5 were assessed according to a scoring system set up for this purpose. The combined therapy proved useful in these @entity0 as reflected in the diminution of the respective activity scores, improvement of kidney function, and diminution of @entity7 . Histological examination of the kidney biopsy specimens showed only minimal activity in @entity0 with @entity9 . No unequivocal signs of @entity1 could be detected. In the last group, the condition of the @entity0 with Sj  gren's syndrome was stabilized and the @entity0 with systemic @entity10 improved clinically. Neither @entity0 had signs of @entity1 . The @entity0 with @entity6 , in whom kidney biopsy was performed before and after treatment, showed improvement of kidney function, diminution of @entity7 , and diminution of inflammatory activity within the kidney, and no signs of @entity3 @entity2 .

title: Combined steroid- @entity3 treatment of chronic XXXX . Clinical results and assessment of nephrotoxicity by renal biopsy.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of circulating @entity1 cells in the blood during surgery has not been elucidated in @entity4 ( @entity4 ). We evaluated the relationship between circulating @entity1 cells and clinicopathologic findings, compared with that of serum @entity3 ( @entity3 ) antigen and @entity2 ( @entity2 ), in @entity4 . METHODS: Blood samples from 54 consecutive @entity0 were obtained from the peripheral artery and the superior vena cava at three points in time: immediately before surgery, and before and after @entity1 resection. @entity2 -specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which can quantify circulating @entity1 cells in blood, was performed. The preoperative values of serum @entity3 antigen and @entity2 were also obtained for all @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity2 messenger RNA ( @entity2 mRNA) was detected in the blood of 31 out of 54 @entity0 (57.4%). @entity2 mRNA positivity was detected most frequently after @entity1 resection and correlated with nodal status and stage grouping. The incidence of total recurrence and blood-borne recurrence was significantly greater in @entity0 with @entity2 mRNA positivity than in those with @entity2 mRNA negativity (P =.036 and.0026, respectively). Preoperative serum levels of @entity3 antigen and @entity2 did not correlate with clinicopathologic findings and @entity1 recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 mRNA detected by RT-PCR was more predictive of @entity1 recurrence than serum @entity1 markers. Effective adjuvant therapy is recommended for @entity0 with @entity2 mRNA positive expression.

title: Clinical significance of circulating @entity1 cells in blood by molecular detection and XXXX markers in esophageal cancer.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of circulating @entity1 cells in the blood during surgery has not been elucidated in @entity4 ( @entity4 ). We evaluated the relationship between circulating @entity1 cells and clinicopathologic findings, compared with that of serum @entity3 ( @entity3 ) antigen and @entity2 ( @entity2 ), in @entity4 . METHODS: Blood samples from 54 consecutive @entity0 were obtained from the peripheral artery and the superior vena cava at three points in time: immediately before surgery, and before and after @entity1 resection. @entity2 -specific reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which can quantify circulating @entity1 cells in blood, was performed. The preoperative values of serum @entity3 antigen and @entity2 were also obtained for all @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity2 messenger RNA ( @entity2 mRNA) was detected in the blood of 31 out of 54 @entity0 (57.4%). @entity2 mRNA positivity was detected most frequently after @entity1 resection and correlated with nodal status and stage grouping. The incidence of total recurrence and blood-borne recurrence was significantly greater in @entity0 with @entity2 mRNA positivity than in those with @entity2 mRNA negativity (P =.036 and.0026, respectively). Preoperative serum levels of @entity3 antigen and @entity2 did not correlate with clinicopathologic findings and @entity1 recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 mRNA detected by RT-PCR was more predictive of @entity1 recurrence than serum @entity1 markers. Effective adjuvant therapy is recommended for @entity0 with @entity2 mRNA positive expression.

title: Clinical significance of circulating XXXX cells in blood by molecular detection and @entity1 markers in esophageal cancer.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Mutations in the transcription factor @entity1 give rise to @entity6 , a syndrome characterized by @entity3 and XY sex reversal. @entity1 is expressed at sites of chondrogenesis and in the developing testis, and, thus, it plays a role in two overtly different pathways of differentiation. Previous studies have identified the gene for type II collagen, @entity5 , as a target of @entity1 in @entity0 chondrocytes and implicated @entity8 as a @entity1 target in testis. Using differential expression analysis combined with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and whole-mount in situ hybridization, we have identified nonchondrocytic collagen transcript isoforms that are expressed in the early male @entity0 gonad. Male-specific, gonadal expression of nonchondrocytic @entity5 was first seen at 11.5 days postcoitum (dpc) and was undetectable by 13.5 dpc. This was accompanied by increasing expression of nonchondrocytic @entity7 , @entity9 , and @entity8 , first detected at 11.5 dpc. Expression was analyzed in testes that had been depleted of germ cells by the cytotoxic drug @entity4 . These studies showed @entity8 and @entity5 to be expressed in Sertoli cells within the developing testis cords. Nonchondrocytic type II collagen contains a @entity2 -rich domain that has been shown to bind members of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of signaling molecules. Thus, this interaction may play a role in the morphogenesis and differentiation of the testis.

title: Type II and type IX collagen transcript isoforms are expressed during XXXX testis development.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity0 placenta utilizes both active and passive mechanisms to evade rejection by the maternal immune system. We investigated the pattern of expression of the B7 family of immunomodulatory molecules @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) at the term maternal-fetal interface. Northern blot and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses showed that @entity3 mRNA is abundant in term placenta and that cytotrophoblasts are sources of this message. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that @entity3 is constitutively expressed by the syncytiotrophoblast and by extravillous cytotrophoblasts, both of which are juxtaposed to maternal blood and tissue. By contrast, placental stromal cells, including macrophages, lacked the protein. Expression of @entity3 protein was low in first-trimester placenta compared to second- and third-trimester tissue (P < 0.05) and was enhanced in cultured cytotrophoblasts by treatment with either @entity1 or epidermal growth factor (P < 0.05), suggesting that one or both of these mediators regulates @entity3 expression in the placenta. RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis of term placental tissue revealed different patterns of expression of the immunostimulatory protein, @entity2 . In contrast to @entity5 mRNA and protein were absent in cytotrophoblast cells but present in maternal macrophages and some fetal macrophages. The @entity4 mRNA and protein were absent at the maternal-fetal interface. These studies document expression of the B7 family proteins at the maternal-fetal interface and demonstrate that @entity3 is positioned such that it could facilitate protection of fetal cells against activated maternal leukocytes. Conversely, @entity2 was absent on trophoblasts and was appropriately localized to fetal and maternal macrophages, which may participate in antigen presentation.

title: B7 family molecules are favorably positioned at the XXXX maternal-fetal interface.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Rapid analysis of pathogenic bacteria is essential for food and water control to preserve the public health. Therefore, we report on a chemiluminescence (CL) flow-through DNA microarray assay for the rapid and sensitive quantification of the pathogenic bacteria @entity1 O157:H7, @entity8 , and @entity5 in water. Using the stopped polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy, the amount of amplified target DNA was strongly dependent on the applied cell concentration. The amplification was stopped at the logarithmic phase of the PCR to quantify the DNA products on the DNA microarray chip. The generation of single-stranded DNA sequences is essential for DNA hybridization assays on microarrays. Therefore, the DNA strands of the PCR products were separated by streptavidin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles. This was achieved by introducing a reverse primer labeled with @entity4 together with a @entity3 labeled forward primer for CL microarray imaging. A conjugate of an antidigoxigenin antibody and horseradish peroxidase recognized the @entity3 -labeled antistrands bound to the probes on the microarray surface and catalyzed the reaction of @entity6 and @entity0 . The generated light emission was recorded by a sensitive @entity7 ( @entity7 ) camera. The quantification was conducted by a flow-through CL microarray readout system. The DNA microarrays were based on an NHS-activated @entity2 -modified glass substrate. The DNA probes which have the same DNA sequence as the reverse primer were immobilized on this surface. The full assay was characterized by spiking experiments with heat-inactivated bacteria in water. The total assay time was 3.5 h, and the detection limits determined on CL microarrays were for @entity1 O157:H7, @entity8 , and @entity5 136, 500, and 1 cell/mL, respectively. The results of the DNA microarray assay were comparable to the SYBR green-based assays analyzed with a real-time PCR device. The advantage of the new microarray analysis method is seen in the ability of a high multiplex degree on DNA microarrays, the high specificity of DNA hybridization on DNA microarrays, and the possibility to get quantitative results on an automated CL flow-through microarray analysis system.

title: Sensitive quantification of XXXX O157:H7, @entity8 , and @entity5 by combining stopped polymerase chain reaction with chemiluminescence flow-through DNA microarray analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Rapid analysis of pathogenic bacteria is essential for food and water control to preserve the public health. Therefore, we report on a chemiluminescence (CL) flow-through DNA microarray assay for the rapid and sensitive quantification of the pathogenic bacteria @entity1 O157:H7, @entity8 , and @entity5 in water. Using the stopped polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy, the amount of amplified target DNA was strongly dependent on the applied cell concentration. The amplification was stopped at the logarithmic phase of the PCR to quantify the DNA products on the DNA microarray chip. The generation of single-stranded DNA sequences is essential for DNA hybridization assays on microarrays. Therefore, the DNA strands of the PCR products were separated by streptavidin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles. This was achieved by introducing a reverse primer labeled with @entity4 together with a @entity3 labeled forward primer for CL microarray imaging. A conjugate of an antidigoxigenin antibody and horseradish peroxidase recognized the @entity3 -labeled antistrands bound to the probes on the microarray surface and catalyzed the reaction of @entity6 and @entity0 . The generated light emission was recorded by a sensitive @entity7 ( @entity7 ) camera. The quantification was conducted by a flow-through CL microarray readout system. The DNA microarrays were based on an NHS-activated @entity2 -modified glass substrate. The DNA probes which have the same DNA sequence as the reverse primer were immobilized on this surface. The full assay was characterized by spiking experiments with heat-inactivated bacteria in water. The total assay time was 3.5 h, and the detection limits determined on CL microarrays were for @entity1 O157:H7, @entity8 , and @entity5 136, 500, and 1 cell/mL, respectively. The results of the DNA microarray assay were comparable to the SYBR green-based assays analyzed with a real-time PCR device. The advantage of the new microarray analysis method is seen in the ability of a high multiplex degree on DNA microarrays, the high specificity of DNA hybridization on DNA microarrays, and the possibility to get quantitative results on an automated CL flow-through microarray analysis system.

title: Sensitive quantification of @entity1 O157:H7, @entity8 , and XXXX by combining stopped polymerase chain reaction with chemiluminescence flow-through DNA microarray analysis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Rapid analysis of pathogenic bacteria is essential for food and water control to preserve the public health. Therefore, we report on a chemiluminescence (CL) flow-through DNA microarray assay for the rapid and sensitive quantification of the pathogenic bacteria @entity1 O157:H7, @entity8 , and @entity5 in water. Using the stopped polymerase chain reaction (PCR) strategy, the amount of amplified target DNA was strongly dependent on the applied cell concentration. The amplification was stopped at the logarithmic phase of the PCR to quantify the DNA products on the DNA microarray chip. The generation of single-stranded DNA sequences is essential for DNA hybridization assays on microarrays. Therefore, the DNA strands of the PCR products were separated by streptavidin-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles. This was achieved by introducing a reverse primer labeled with @entity4 together with a @entity3 labeled forward primer for CL microarray imaging. A conjugate of an antidigoxigenin antibody and horseradish peroxidase recognized the @entity3 -labeled antistrands bound to the probes on the microarray surface and catalyzed the reaction of @entity6 and @entity0 . The generated light emission was recorded by a sensitive @entity7 ( @entity7 ) camera. The quantification was conducted by a flow-through CL microarray readout system. The DNA microarrays were based on an NHS-activated @entity2 -modified glass substrate. The DNA probes which have the same DNA sequence as the reverse primer were immobilized on this surface. The full assay was characterized by spiking experiments with heat-inactivated bacteria in water. The total assay time was 3.5 h, and the detection limits determined on CL microarrays were for @entity1 O157:H7, @entity8 , and @entity5 136, 500, and 1 cell/mL, respectively. The results of the DNA microarray assay were comparable to the SYBR green-based assays analyzed with a real-time PCR device. The advantage of the new microarray analysis method is seen in the ability of a high multiplex degree on DNA microarrays, the high specificity of DNA hybridization on DNA microarrays, and the possibility to get quantitative results on an automated CL flow-through microarray analysis system.

title: Sensitive quantification of @entity1 O157:H7, XXXX , and @entity5 by combining stopped polymerase chain reaction with chemiluminescence flow-through DNA microarray analysis.

answer: @entity8