abstract: @entity2 is by far the most common cause of hair loss. It affects approximately 50% of @entity0 by the age of 50 and 20 to 53% of @entity0 by the age 50. Although it is a medically benign condition, it is a significant psychosocial issue for many @entity0 . Various different treatment options are now available for @entity2 . The best treatment option for @entity0 with @entity2 @entity3 stage I and II is minoxidil 5% solution. If it is not effective after 1 year, antiandrogens can be tried, but there are no large studies showing their efficacy and they have considerable adverse effects. Also, for @entity0 with @entity2 that is unresponsive to treatment or with @entity3 stage III, hair transplantation can be offered if the occipital donor area is sufficient. For @entity0 , we always offer minoxidil or @entity1 therapy and leave the choice of therapy to the @entity0 . Some @entity0 may prefer a systemic agent, whereas others may favor a topical agent. If the condition is not stabilized after 1 year or if the @entity0 wants greater hair density, hair transplantation can be discussed. There have been tremendous advances in the treatment of hair loss in recent years and the future is very encouraging. As our knowledge of @entity2 pathophysiology increases, novel targeted treatments will potentially be developed.

title: Management of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 variants carrying non-macrophage-tropic @entity4 R5 envelopes (Envs) are predominantly transmitted and persist in immune tissue even in @entity3 @entity0 who have highly macrophage-tropic variants in the brain. Non-macrophage-tropic R5 Envs require high levels of @entity2 for @entity1 contrasting with macrophage-tropic Envs, which can efficiently mediate @entity1 of cells via low @entity2 . Here, we investigated whether non-macrophage-tropic R5 Envs from the acute stage of @entity1 (including transmitted/founder @entity5 ) mediated more efficient @entity1 of ectocervical explant cultures compared to non-macrophage-tropic and highly macrophage-tropic R5 Envs from late disease. RESULTS: We used @entity5 + pseudovirions that carried a GFP reporter gene to measure @entity1 of the first cells targeted in ectocervical explant cultures. In straight titrations of @entity5 + pseudovirus supernatants, mac-tropic R5 Envs from late disease mediated slightly higher infectivities for ectocervical explants although this was not significant. Surprisingly, explant @entity1 by several T/F/acute Envs was lower than for Envs from late disease. However, when infectivity for explants was corrected to account for differences in the overall infectivity of each @entity5 + pseudovirus (measured on highly permissive HeLa TZM-bl cells), non-mac-tropic early and late disease @entity5 + pseudoviruses mediated significantly higher @entity1 . This observation suggests that cervical tissue preferentially supports non-mac-tropic @entity5 + viruses compared to mac-tropic viruses. Finally, we show that T-cells were the main targets for @entity1 regardless of whether explants were stimulated with T-cell or monocyte/macrophage cytokines. There was no evidence of macrophage @entity1 even for pseudovirions carrying highly mac-tropic Envs from brain tissue or for the highly mac-tropic, laboratory strain, BaL, which targeted T-cells in the explant tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support ectocervical tissue as a favorable environment for non-mac-tropic @entity4 R5 variants and emphasize the role of T-cells as initial targets for @entity1 even for highly mac-tropic variants.

title: Infection of ectocervical tissue and universal targeting of T-cells mediated by primary non-macrophage-tropic and highly macrophage-tropic XXXX R5 envelopes.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Zuccagnia punctata @entity3 . (Fabaceae) and Larrea nitida @entity3 . (Zygophyllaceae) are indistinctly or jointly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of @entity0 . Although their @entity1 ( @entity7 ) extract have demonstrated moderate antifungal activities when tested on their own, antifungal properties of combinations of both plants have not been assessed previously. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to establish with statistical rigor whether Z. punctata (ZpE) and L. nitida @entity7 extract (LnE) interact synergistically against the clinically important fungi @entity4 and @entity5 and to characterize the most synergistic combinations. STUDY DESIGN: For synergism assessment, the statistical-based Boik's design was applied. Eight ZpE-LnE fixed-ratio mixtures were prepared from four different months of 1  year and tested against Candida strains. L   (Loewe index) of each mixture at different fractions affected (  ) allowed for the finding of the most synergistic combinations, which were characterized by HPLC fingerprint and by the quantitation of the selected marker compounds. METHODS: L   and confidence intervals were determined in vitro with the MixLow method, once the estimated parameters from the dose-response curves of independent extracts and mixtures, were obtained. Markers (four @entity2 for ZpE and three @entity6 for LnE) were quantified in each extract and their combinations, with a valid HPLC-UV method. The 3D-HPLC profiles of the most synergistic mixtures were obtained by HPLC-DAD. RESULTS: Three over four IC50ZpE/IC50LnE fixed-ratio mixtures displayed synergistic interactions at effect levels     >  0.5 against @entity4 . The dosis of the most synergistic (L    =  0.62) mixture was 65.96    g/ml (ZpE  =  28%; LnE  =  72%) containing 8 and 36% of @entity2 and @entity6 respectively. On the other hand, one over four IC50ZpE/IC50LnE mixtures displays synergistic interactions at     >  0.5 against @entity5 . The dosis of the most synergistic (L    =  0.67) mixture was 168.23    g/ml (ZpE  = 27%; LnE  =  73%) with 9.7 and 31.6% of @entity2 and @entity6 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Studies with the statistical-based MixLow method, allowed for the finding of the most ZpE-LnE synergistic mixtures, giving support to a proper joint use of both antifungal herbs in traditional medicine.

title: Synergistic mutual potentiation of antifungal activity of Zuccagnia punctata XXXX . and Larrea nitida @entity3 . extracts in clinical isolates of @entity4 and @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Zuccagnia punctata @entity3 . (Fabaceae) and Larrea nitida @entity3 . (Zygophyllaceae) are indistinctly or jointly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of @entity0 . Although their @entity1 ( @entity7 ) extract have demonstrated moderate antifungal activities when tested on their own, antifungal properties of combinations of both plants have not been assessed previously. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to establish with statistical rigor whether Z. punctata (ZpE) and L. nitida @entity7 extract (LnE) interact synergistically against the clinically important fungi @entity4 and @entity5 and to characterize the most synergistic combinations. STUDY DESIGN: For synergism assessment, the statistical-based Boik's design was applied. Eight ZpE-LnE fixed-ratio mixtures were prepared from four different months of 1  year and tested against Candida strains. L   (Loewe index) of each mixture at different fractions affected (  ) allowed for the finding of the most synergistic combinations, which were characterized by HPLC fingerprint and by the quantitation of the selected marker compounds. METHODS: L   and confidence intervals were determined in vitro with the MixLow method, once the estimated parameters from the dose-response curves of independent extracts and mixtures, were obtained. Markers (four @entity2 for ZpE and three @entity6 for LnE) were quantified in each extract and their combinations, with a valid HPLC-UV method. The 3D-HPLC profiles of the most synergistic mixtures were obtained by HPLC-DAD. RESULTS: Three over four IC50ZpE/IC50LnE fixed-ratio mixtures displayed synergistic interactions at effect levels     >  0.5 against @entity4 . The dosis of the most synergistic (L    =  0.62) mixture was 65.96    g/ml (ZpE  =  28%; LnE  =  72%) containing 8 and 36% of @entity2 and @entity6 respectively. On the other hand, one over four IC50ZpE/IC50LnE mixtures displays synergistic interactions at     >  0.5 against @entity5 . The dosis of the most synergistic (L    =  0.67) mixture was 168.23    g/ml (ZpE  = 27%; LnE  =  73%) with 9.7 and 31.6% of @entity2 and @entity6 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Studies with the statistical-based MixLow method, allowed for the finding of the most ZpE-LnE synergistic mixtures, giving support to a proper joint use of both antifungal herbs in traditional medicine.

title: Synergistic mutual potentiation of antifungal activity of Zuccagnia punctata @entity3 . and Larrea nitida XXXX . extracts in clinical isolates of @entity4 and @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Zuccagnia punctata @entity3 . (Fabaceae) and Larrea nitida @entity3 . (Zygophyllaceae) are indistinctly or jointly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of @entity0 . Although their @entity1 ( @entity7 ) extract have demonstrated moderate antifungal activities when tested on their own, antifungal properties of combinations of both plants have not been assessed previously. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to establish with statistical rigor whether Z. punctata (ZpE) and L. nitida @entity7 extract (LnE) interact synergistically against the clinically important fungi @entity4 and @entity5 and to characterize the most synergistic combinations. STUDY DESIGN: For synergism assessment, the statistical-based Boik's design was applied. Eight ZpE-LnE fixed-ratio mixtures were prepared from four different months of 1  year and tested against Candida strains. L   (Loewe index) of each mixture at different fractions affected (  ) allowed for the finding of the most synergistic combinations, which were characterized by HPLC fingerprint and by the quantitation of the selected marker compounds. METHODS: L   and confidence intervals were determined in vitro with the MixLow method, once the estimated parameters from the dose-response curves of independent extracts and mixtures, were obtained. Markers (four @entity2 for ZpE and three @entity6 for LnE) were quantified in each extract and their combinations, with a valid HPLC-UV method. The 3D-HPLC profiles of the most synergistic mixtures were obtained by HPLC-DAD. RESULTS: Three over four IC50ZpE/IC50LnE fixed-ratio mixtures displayed synergistic interactions at effect levels     >  0.5 against @entity4 . The dosis of the most synergistic (L    =  0.62) mixture was 65.96    g/ml (ZpE  =  28%; LnE  =  72%) containing 8 and 36% of @entity2 and @entity6 respectively. On the other hand, one over four IC50ZpE/IC50LnE mixtures displays synergistic interactions at     >  0.5 against @entity5 . The dosis of the most synergistic (L    =  0.67) mixture was 168.23    g/ml (ZpE  = 27%; LnE  =  73%) with 9.7 and 31.6% of @entity2 and @entity6 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Studies with the statistical-based MixLow method, allowed for the finding of the most ZpE-LnE synergistic mixtures, giving support to a proper joint use of both antifungal herbs in traditional medicine.

title: Synergistic mutual potentiation of antifungal activity of Zuccagnia punctata @entity3 . and Larrea nitida @entity3 . extracts in clinical isolates of XXXX and @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Zuccagnia punctata @entity3 . (Fabaceae) and Larrea nitida @entity3 . (Zygophyllaceae) are indistinctly or jointly used in traditional medicine for the treatment of @entity0 . Although their @entity1 ( @entity7 ) extract have demonstrated moderate antifungal activities when tested on their own, antifungal properties of combinations of both plants have not been assessed previously. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to establish with statistical rigor whether Z. punctata (ZpE) and L. nitida @entity7 extract (LnE) interact synergistically against the clinically important fungi @entity4 and @entity5 and to characterize the most synergistic combinations. STUDY DESIGN: For synergism assessment, the statistical-based Boik's design was applied. Eight ZpE-LnE fixed-ratio mixtures were prepared from four different months of 1  year and tested against Candida strains. L   (Loewe index) of each mixture at different fractions affected (  ) allowed for the finding of the most synergistic combinations, which were characterized by HPLC fingerprint and by the quantitation of the selected marker compounds. METHODS: L   and confidence intervals were determined in vitro with the MixLow method, once the estimated parameters from the dose-response curves of independent extracts and mixtures, were obtained. Markers (four @entity2 for ZpE and three @entity6 for LnE) were quantified in each extract and their combinations, with a valid HPLC-UV method. The 3D-HPLC profiles of the most synergistic mixtures were obtained by HPLC-DAD. RESULTS: Three over four IC50ZpE/IC50LnE fixed-ratio mixtures displayed synergistic interactions at effect levels     >  0.5 against @entity4 . The dosis of the most synergistic (L    =  0.62) mixture was 65.96    g/ml (ZpE  =  28%; LnE  =  72%) containing 8 and 36% of @entity2 and @entity6 respectively. On the other hand, one over four IC50ZpE/IC50LnE mixtures displays synergistic interactions at     >  0.5 against @entity5 . The dosis of the most synergistic (L    =  0.67) mixture was 168.23    g/ml (ZpE  = 27%; LnE  =  73%) with 9.7 and 31.6% of @entity2 and @entity6 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Studies with the statistical-based MixLow method, allowed for the finding of the most ZpE-LnE synergistic mixtures, giving support to a proper joint use of both antifungal herbs in traditional medicine.

title: Synergistic mutual potentiation of antifungal activity of Zuccagnia punctata @entity3 . and Larrea nitida @entity3 . extracts in clinical isolates of @entity4 and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Although in the last years several studies comparing male and female pathological gamblers have been published, most of them have been carried out using only samples of males. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in a sample of subjects diagnosed with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) attending three specialized outpatient units. Retrospective study was carried out of 96 @entity0 (49% female and 51% male), comparing the main socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioral data. Most subjects (94%) met the criteria for @entity3 . No significant differences between sexes were found in the severity of gambling behavior or the socio-demographic variables studied. Whereas slot machines were the main type of game for most subjects, a higher percentage of @entity0 were addicted to bingo (  2 (1, 4) = 5.19, p = .029 Cohen's d = 0.48) and had more than one type of game as a secondary addiction   2 (1, 4) = 7.63, p = .006; Cohen's d = 0.59) . @entity0 started gambling at a later age than @entity0 (t (94) = 2.95, p = .004; Cohen's d = 0.60), but developed a pattern of addiction faster ( t (94) = 2.95, p = .004; Cohen's d = -0.61) . @entity0 also had higher comorbidity with other @entity1 (  2 (1) = 7.28, p = .007; Cohen's d = 0.57), specifically with affective (  2 (1) = 11.31, p = .001; Cohen's d = 0.73) and @entity2 (  2 (1) = 4.71, p = .030; Cohen's d = 0.45). Our results indicate the existence of differences between @entity0 and @entity0 in the pattern of gambling behavior and in @entity1 comorbidity. These aspects should be considered in the design of treatment programs for pathological gamblers.

title: Male and Female Pathological Gamblers: Bet in a Different Way and Show Different XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Insomnia is not only a disease of sleep, it has also daily consequences: @entity6 , @entity3 , impaired daytime functioning. These complaints are regent reported by the @entity0 , however the objective tests assessing alertness in @entity1 are usually not impaired when compared with @entity2 . We wanted to appreciate more accurately the daily consequences of @entity1 , in terms of quality of life. 240 severe insomniacs (according to the DSM-IV criterias) and 391 @entity2 received a questionnaire on quality of life items. @entity5 and anxious @entity0 were excluded from this group. The questionnaire was built by a multidisciplinary group, based on @entity4 . It was primarily tested in a small sample and then proposed in the entire group. Insomniac's quality of life appeared to be significantly impaired in comparison with @entity2 . They experienced more @entity6 and more @entity2 during the daytime. They reported more @entity7 . They seemed to be more irritable and sensitive to the environment. At work they made more mistakes and had more sic leave. They also had poorer relationships with relatives and family than @entity2 .

title: [Diurnal consequence of XXXX : impact on quality of life].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECT: Positron emission tomography with @entity5 (MET-PET) provides information on the metabolism of @entity2 . The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of MET-PET in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: Since 1992, 85 @entity0 with a World Health Organization (WHO) classification-verified @entity2 underwent PET studies in which MET was injected before (74 cases) or after treatment (11 cases). Analysis of PET data was conducted by the same investigator using two scales: a qualitative visual grading scale and a quantitative scale (ratio between @entity1 uptake and normal brain uptake, classified on a seven-level scale). Uptake of MET was present in 98% of @entity2 . The investigator judged this uptake to be moderate to very high based on visual inspection (qualitative scale). For all grades of @entity2 , a visual grade of 3 was statistically associated with a shorter @entity0 survival period (p < 0.005). The @entity1 /normal brain uptake ratio was significantly influenced by the histological grade of the @entity1 . A statistically poor outcome was demonstrated when this ratio was higher than a threshold of 2.2 for a WHO Grade II @entity1 and 2.8 for WHO @entity1 . For @entity1 , @entity4 had a higher uptake of MET than @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Uptake of MET was present in 98% of the @entity2 studied. A high uptake is statistically associated with a poor survival time. The intensity of MET uptake represents a prognostic factor for WHO @entity1 considered separately.

title: Positron emission tomography with injection of methionine as a prognostic factor in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 morbidity remains high: 3 to 8 cases per 100,000 of population. Antibiotic therapy is ineffective. Its surgical treatment experience is relatively limited. AIM: To share the surgical treatment experience of 855 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) treated during 1982 to 2000 in the Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery AMS, Ukraine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 855 (75.4%) of 1128 hospitalized @entity0 with @entity2 were operated upon. Surgical interventions included removal of diseased tissues, heart chambers treatment with antiseptic solutions, wash out with normal saline solution, replacement or plastic procedure of valves. RESULTS: Heart abscesses were found in 132 (15.5%) @entity0 . Hospital mortality was after aortic valve replacement 12.6%; mitral valve replacement 9.7%; plastic procedure on mitral valve 0%; aortic and mitral valve replacement 30%; tricuspid valve replacement 15.4%; and plastic procedure on tricuspid valve 6.1%. Recurrences of infective process occurred in 51 (6.0%) @entity0 . Infections were observed more frequently in @entity0 with @entity1 : 10.6% versus 5.7% (p < 0.02). RESULTS: 716 (96.7%) @entity0 were studied 2 to 194 (87.4+/-39.4) months postoperatively. Tenth year postoperative survival was 62.1+/-27.7% including hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: (1) @entity2 has become one of the most frequent causes of acquired @entity1 in the postChernobyl nuclear power station catastrophe era. (2) @entity3 development in postoperative period is stipulated by the disease duration. (3) Presence of @entity1 favors recurrence of development of @entity4 . (4) Postoperative antibiotic therapy for more than 3 weeks does not help in prevention of recurrences.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX (18 years experience).

answer: @entity2


abstract: The germinal epithelium of the anterior region of the @entity1 testis is the site of spermatogenesis, whereas the nongerminal epithelium of the posterior region (seminal vesicle) may play a role in the regulation of seminal fluid composition. The available information indicates that @entity0 play a physiological role in the regulation of spermatogenesis and seminal fluid composition in vertebrates. However, the cellular distribution of @entity0 receptor (ER) gene expression in the teleost testis is poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the presence and cellular distribution of @entity2 and @entity3 transcripts in germinal and nongerminal epithelia of the mature testis of @entity1 . RT-PCR of whole-testis RNA extracts showed that @entity2 and @entity3 RNAs are present in the mature testis. In situ hybridization of histological sections of the germinal epithelium showed that primary spermatocytes contain little or no @entity2 or @entity3 RNA. However, both ER transcripts were present in secondary spermatocytes and spermatids and their levels were relatively high in mature sperm. The columnar epithelium of the seminal vesicle also contained @entity2 and @entity3 RNA. The ER RNAs in epithelial cells of the seminal vesicle were not evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm but seemed to concentrate in their apical region, near the nucleus. In conclusion, @entity2 and @entity3 genes are coexpressed in germinal and nongerminal epithelia of the mature testis of @entity1 and seem to be developmentally regulated in spermatocytes. These observations are consistent with the concept that @entity0 , via interaction with @entity2 and @entity3 , participate in the regulation of male gamete development and fertility.

title: Localization of @entity0 receptor alpha and beta RNA in germinal and nongerminal epithelia of the XXXX testis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The germinal epithelium of the anterior region of the @entity1 testis is the site of spermatogenesis, whereas the nongerminal epithelium of the posterior region (seminal vesicle) may play a role in the regulation of seminal fluid composition. The available information indicates that @entity0 play a physiological role in the regulation of spermatogenesis and seminal fluid composition in vertebrates. However, the cellular distribution of @entity0 receptor (ER) gene expression in the teleost testis is poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the presence and cellular distribution of @entity2 and @entity3 transcripts in germinal and nongerminal epithelia of the mature testis of @entity1 . RT-PCR of whole-testis RNA extracts showed that @entity2 and @entity3 RNAs are present in the mature testis. In situ hybridization of histological sections of the germinal epithelium showed that primary spermatocytes contain little or no @entity2 or @entity3 RNA. However, both ER transcripts were present in secondary spermatocytes and spermatids and their levels were relatively high in mature sperm. The columnar epithelium of the seminal vesicle also contained @entity2 and @entity3 RNA. The ER RNAs in epithelial cells of the seminal vesicle were not evenly distributed throughout the cytoplasm but seemed to concentrate in their apical region, near the nucleus. In conclusion, @entity2 and @entity3 genes are coexpressed in germinal and nongerminal epithelia of the mature testis of @entity1 and seem to be developmentally regulated in spermatocytes. These observations are consistent with the concept that @entity0 , via interaction with @entity2 and @entity3 , participate in the regulation of male gamete development and fertility.

title: Localization of XXXX receptor alpha and beta RNA in germinal and nongerminal epithelia of the @entity1 testis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Untargeted metabolomics has the potential to improve the predictivity of in vitro @entity2 models and therefore may aid the replacement of expensive and laborious animal models. Here we describe a long term repeat dose nephrotoxicity study conducted on the @entity0 renal proximal tubular epithelial cell line, RPTEC/TERT1, treated with 10 and 35  mol  liter(-1) of @entity7 , a metabolite of the anti- @entity1 drug @entity3 . Our study outlines the establishment of an automated and easy to use untargeted metabolomics workflow for HPLC-high resolution mass spectrometry data. Automated data analysis workflows based on open source software (OpenMS, KNIME) enabled a comprehensive and reproducible analysis of the complex and voluminous metabolomics data produced by the profiling approach. Time- and concentration-dependent responses were clearly evident in the metabolomic profiles. To obtain a more comprehensive picture of the mode of action, transcriptomics and proteomics data were also integrated. For @entity2 profiling of @entity7 , 428 and 317 metabolite features were detectable in positive and negative modes, respectively, after stringent removal of chemical noise and unstable signals. Changes upon treatment were explored using principal component analysis, and statistically significant differences were identified using linear models for microarray assays. The analysis revealed toxic effects only for the treatment with 35  mol  liter(-1) for 3 and 14 days. The most regulated metabolites were @entity4 and metabolites related to the oxidative stress response of the cells. These findings are corroborated by proteomics and transcriptomics data, which show, among other things, an activation of the @entity5 and @entity6 pathways.

title: Nephron XXXX Profiling via Untargeted Metabolome Analysis Employing a High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-based Experimental and Computational Pipeline.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop short forms of the STAI-Y trait and state scales and associated norms suitable for the screening of @entity1 in elderly populations. METHOD: This study was based on population-based cohorts of older @entity0 from two epidemiological French studies that each included one subscale of the STAI-Y, i.e. state and trait @entity1 scales. For both scales, the most discriminative items were retained and their factorial structure was examined using principal components analysis. Internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) was estimated and cut-offs and norms were computed. RESULTS: A 10-item STAI-Y version produced scores similar to those obtained with the full form of the STAI-Y. The factorial structure of the shortened form is comparable to that of the full scales. Results showed good internal consistency (alpha coefficients were 0.92 and 0.85 for short STAI-Y state and trait scales, respectively). Moreover, both short STAI-Y state and trait scales correctly classified 88% of the @entity0 using a cut-off point of 23. Norms for both short trait and state @entity1 scales are provided according to age, gender, educational level and @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Both shortened scales have similar factorial structure and internal consistency to the longer scales and classify anxious/non-anxious elderly with acceptable accuracy. The shorter form is likely to be more acceptable to elderly @entity0 through reduction of fatigue effects.

title: Short STAI-Y XXXX scales: validation and normative data for elderly subjects.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Using the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus, as a model @entity0 auditory system, we studied the effect of @entity2 by @entity1 on the responses of inferior collicular (IC) neurons to temporally patterned trains of sound pulses delivered at different pulse repetition rates (PRRs) under free-field stimulation conditions. All 66 neurons isolated from eight bats either discharged one to two impulses (phasic on responders, n = 41, 62%), three to eight impulses (phasic bursters, n = 19, 29%), or many impulses throughout the entire duration of the stimulus (tonic responders, n = 6, 9%). Whereas 50 neurons responded vigorously to frequency-modulated (FM) pulses, 16 responded poorly or not at all to FM pulses. @entity1 application increased the number of impulses of all 66 neurons in response to 4 ms pulses by 15-1,425%. The application also changed most phasic on responders into phasic bursters or tonic responders, resulting in 12 (18%) phasic on responders, 34 (52%) phasic bursters, and 20 (30%) tonic responders. Response latencies of these neurons were either shortened (n = 25, 38%) by 0.5-6.0 ms, lengthened (n = 9, 14%) by 0. 5-2.5 ms or not changed (n = 32, 48%) on @entity1 application. Each neuron had a highest response repetition rate beyond which the neuron failed to respond. @entity1 application increased the highest response repetition rates of 62 (94%) neurons studied. The application also increased the highest 100% pulse-locking repetition rates of 21 (32%) neurons and facilitated 27 (41%) neurons in response to more pulses at the same PRR than predrug conditions. According to average rate-based modulation transfer functions (average rate MTFs), all 66 neurons had low-pass filtering characteristics both before and after @entity1 application. According to total discharge rate-based modulation transfer functions (total rate MTFs), filtering characteristics of these neurons can be described as band-pass (n = 52, 79%), low-pass (n = 12, 18%), or high-pass (n = 2, 3%) before @entity1 application. @entity1 application changed the filtering characteristics of 14 (21%) neurons. According to synchronization coefficient-based modulation transfer functions, filtering characteristics of these neurons can be described as low-pass (n = 41, 62%), all-pass (n = 11, 17%), band-suppression (n = 7, 10.5%), and band-suppression-band-pass filters (n = 7, 10.5%). @entity1 application changed filtering characteristics of 19 (29%) neurons.

title: XXXX affects responses of bat inferior collicular neurons to temporally patterned sound pulses.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for the correction of @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 429 eyes with preoperative refraction of -2.00 to -28.00 diopters were treated with LASIK and followed up for more than 12 months. Based on the refraction, the @entity0 were divided into 3 groups: Group I, -2.00, to -8.00 diopters, 179 eyes; Groups II, -8.25 to -15.00 diopters, 137 eyes; Group III, -15.25 to -28.00 diopters, 113 eyes. The examinations included cycloplegic refractions, Goldman tonometry, corneal sensitivity, contrast sensitivity, specular microscopy, pachymetry and corneal topography. The parameters of LASIK were: the thickness of corneal cap was 130 or 160 microns, and the maximum diameter of ablation zone was 6.8 mm. After surgery, @entity2 was given to the @entity0 topically for 1 or 2 months. RESULTS: The vision and refractions tended to be normal 3 months after operation. The contrast sensitivity returned to normal 3 to 6 months after surgery. The endothelium did not show any changes. At 12 months, respectively 88.8%, 79.6% and 70.8% in the above groups were within +/- 1D, 73.7%, 65.0% and 46.0% were within +/- 0.5D; the uncorrected visual acuity was 0.5 or better in 96.6%, 81.8% and 54.9% of the @entity0 , 84.4%, 58.4% and 15.0% had vision of 1.0 or better. CONCLUSIONS: LASIK is effective and safe for the correction of mild, moderate and high @entity1 . However, it is more complicated than PRK and more dependent on the surgical skills.

title: [Laser in situ keratomileusis for correction of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Most factors known to function in mRNA turnover are not essential for cell viability. To identify essential factors, approximately 4000 temperature-sensitive @entity0 strains were screened for an increase in the level of the unstable @entity7 pre-mRNA. At the non-permissive temperature, five mutants exhibited decreased decay rates of the @entity7 pre-mRNA and mRNA, and the @entity6 , @entity8 and @entity5 mRNAs. Of these, the mutant ts1159 had the most extensive phenotype. Expression of the @entity9 gene (encoding eIF-5A) complemented the temperature-sensitive growth and mRNA decay phenotypes of ts1159. The @entity9 allele was rescued from these cells and shown to encode a @entity1 to @entity2 change within a predicted alpha-helical segment of the protein. ts1159 also exhibited an approximately 30% decrease in protein synthesis at the restrictive temperature. Measurement of @entity4 incorporation in wild-type cells incubated with increasing amounts of @entity3 demonstrated that a decrease in protein synthesis of this magnitude could not account for the full extent of the mRNA decay defects observed in ts1159. Interestingly, the ts1159 cells accumulated uncapped mRNAs at the non-permissive temperature. These results suggest that eIF-5A plays a role in mRNA turnover, perhaps acting downstream of decapping.

title: A single XXXX substitution in @entity0 eIF-5A results in mRNA stabilization.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Most factors known to function in mRNA turnover are not essential for cell viability. To identify essential factors, approximately 4000 temperature-sensitive @entity0 strains were screened for an increase in the level of the unstable @entity7 pre-mRNA. At the non-permissive temperature, five mutants exhibited decreased decay rates of the @entity7 pre-mRNA and mRNA, and the @entity6 , @entity8 and @entity5 mRNAs. Of these, the mutant ts1159 had the most extensive phenotype. Expression of the @entity9 gene (encoding eIF-5A) complemented the temperature-sensitive growth and mRNA decay phenotypes of ts1159. The @entity9 allele was rescued from these cells and shown to encode a @entity1 to @entity2 change within a predicted alpha-helical segment of the protein. ts1159 also exhibited an approximately 30% decrease in protein synthesis at the restrictive temperature. Measurement of @entity4 incorporation in wild-type cells incubated with increasing amounts of @entity3 demonstrated that a decrease in protein synthesis of this magnitude could not account for the full extent of the mRNA decay defects observed in ts1159. Interestingly, the ts1159 cells accumulated uncapped mRNAs at the non-permissive temperature. These results suggest that eIF-5A plays a role in mRNA turnover, perhaps acting downstream of decapping.

title: A single @entity4 substitution in XXXX eIF-5A results in mRNA stabilization.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of excimer laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for treatment of @entity3 . METHODS: 928 eyes of 678 myopic @entity0 who received LASIK were studied. The @entity0 were divided into 3 groups according to preoperative diopters (-2.00 - -6.00D, -6.10 - -10.00D _ -10.10 - -20.00D). The mean follow-up was 12 months (6 - 18 months) and the results were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: 12 months after surgery, in the first group the mean residual refraction was -0.24 +/- 0.50D in 86% and 92% of eyes were in the ranges of refraction +/- 0.50D and +/- 1.00D, the uncorrected visual acuities of 0.5 and 1.0 were in 99% and 86% of the eyes respectively. In the second group, the mean residual refraction was -0.47 +/- 0.64D, the refraction of 83% and 90% of eyes was in the ranges of +/- 0.50D and +/- 1.00D, and the uncorrected visual acuities in 95% and 79% of eyes were 0.5 and 1.0 respectively. In the third group, the mean residual refraction was -0.89 +/- 1.02D, the refraction of 36% and 62% of the eyes were in the ranges of +/- 0.50D and +/- 1.00D, and the uncorrected visual acuities in 68% and 45% of the eyes were 0.5 and 1.0 respectively. 47 eyes had been retreated with LASIK. 5 eyes lost two or more lines of the best corrected visual acuity due to irregular @entity1 , decentration and progressive @entity2 . CONCLUSION: The results indicate that LASIK can treat @entity3 in the range of -2.00 - -20.00 D effectively without vision threatening complications. Some modification of the surgical techniques and laser nomogram will help to improve predictability and stability of outcome.

title: [Excimer laser in situ keratomileusis for treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is well established that @entity2 @entity0 with left ventricular (LV) @entity5 have @entity1 . However, the impact of antihypertensive treatment and LV mass reduction on LV diastolic filling remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: Echocardiograms were recorded in 728 @entity2 @entity0 with ECG-verified @entity7 (Cornell voltage-duration or Sokolow-Lyon) at baseline and after 1 year of blinded treatment with either @entity8 or @entity6 -based regimen. @entity3 (BP) were reduced on average 23/11 mm Hg; isovolumic relaxation time and E/A ratio became more normal, and LV inflow deceleration time prolonged (all P<0.001). Directionally opposite changes in isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and deceleration time indicate improvement in active LV relaxation and passive chamber stiffness during early diastole. Prevalences of normal LV filling increased, abnormal relaxation and pseudonormalization decreased, and restrictive filling pattern remained unchanged (P<0.05). @entity0 with reduction in LV mass had smaller left atrial diameter, shortened IVRT, increased E/A ratio, and prolonged LV inflow deceleration time (all P<0.001). @entity0 without LV mass reduction had no change in diastolic filling parameters (P=NS). IVRT shortening was independently associated with reduction in LV mass. Increase in E/A ratio was independently associated with reduction in diastolic BP, and increase in the deceleration time was independently associated with reduced end-systolic relative wall thickness. CONCLUSIONS: Antihypertensive therapy resulting in LV mass or relative wall thickness regression is associated with significant improvement of diastolic filling parameters related to active relaxation and passive chamber stiffness compared with @entity0 without regression, independent of BP reduction; however, @entity4 remain common.

title: Change in diastolic left ventricular filling after one year of antihypertensive treatment: The @entity8 Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in XXXX (LIFE) Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is well established that @entity2 @entity0 with left ventricular (LV) @entity5 have @entity1 . However, the impact of antihypertensive treatment and LV mass reduction on LV diastolic filling remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: Echocardiograms were recorded in 728 @entity2 @entity0 with ECG-verified @entity7 (Cornell voltage-duration or Sokolow-Lyon) at baseline and after 1 year of blinded treatment with either @entity8 or @entity6 -based regimen. @entity3 (BP) were reduced on average 23/11 mm Hg; isovolumic relaxation time and E/A ratio became more normal, and LV inflow deceleration time prolonged (all P<0.001). Directionally opposite changes in isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and deceleration time indicate improvement in active LV relaxation and passive chamber stiffness during early diastole. Prevalences of normal LV filling increased, abnormal relaxation and pseudonormalization decreased, and restrictive filling pattern remained unchanged (P<0.05). @entity0 with reduction in LV mass had smaller left atrial diameter, shortened IVRT, increased E/A ratio, and prolonged LV inflow deceleration time (all P<0.001). @entity0 without LV mass reduction had no change in diastolic filling parameters (P=NS). IVRT shortening was independently associated with reduction in LV mass. Increase in E/A ratio was independently associated with reduction in diastolic BP, and increase in the deceleration time was independently associated with reduced end-systolic relative wall thickness. CONCLUSIONS: Antihypertensive therapy resulting in LV mass or relative wall thickness regression is associated with significant improvement of diastolic filling parameters related to active relaxation and passive chamber stiffness compared with @entity0 without regression, independent of BP reduction; however, @entity4 remain common.

title: Change in diastolic left ventricular filling after one year of antihypertensive treatment: The XXXX Intervention For Endpoint Reduction in @entity2 (LIFE) Study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 who are small at birth tend to have higher blood pressure in later life. However, it is not clear whether it is fetal growth restriction or the accelerated postnatal growth that often follows it that leads to higher blood pressure. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied blood pressure in 346 British @entity0 and @entity0 aged 22 years whose size had been measured at birth and for the first 10 years of life. Their childhood growth was characterized using a conditional method that, free from the effect of regression to the mean, estimated catch-up growth. @entity0 who had been small at birth but who gained weight rapidly during early childhood (1 to 5 years) had the highest adult blood pressures. Systolic pressure increased by 1.3 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.3 to 2.3) for every standard deviation score decrease in birth weight and, independently, increased by 1.6 mm Hg (95% CI, 0.6 to 2.7) for every standard deviation score increase in early childhood @entity3 . Adjustment for adult body mass index attenuated the effect of early childhood @entity3 but not of birth weight. Relationships were smaller for diastolic pressure. @entity3 in the first year of life did not influence adult blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Part of the risk of adult @entity2 is set in fetal life. Accelerated @entity3 in early childhood adds to this risk, which is partly mediated through the prediction of adult fatness. The primary prevention of @entity2 may depend on strategies that promote fetal growth and reduce childhood @entity1 .

title: Fetal, XXXX , and childhood growth and adult blood pressure: a longitudinal study from birth to 22 years of age.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 is a rare @entity0 with (immuno-) histological features of epithelial cells, surrounded by various amounts of osteofibrous tissue. Recent studies have indicated that cells with an epithelial phenotype are most probably the malignant element. There is still debate as to whether the fibrous part should be designed as a benign neoplastic element of a @entity0 or as a reactive non-neoplastic tissue next to an epithelioid @entity0 . The expression of @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and their respective receptors @entity4 and @entity1 , as well as the proliferation marker Ki-67, was studied in both constituents of @entity5 in serial sections of 25 cases by immunohistochemistry. Expression of @entity2 and its receptor was present in both constituents of @entity5 , but predominated in the epithelial component. Expression of @entity3 and its receptor was restricted to the epithelial component of @entity5 . Comparing @entity6 ( @entity6 )-like @entity5 with classic epithelial cell-rich @entity5 , the expression of @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity1 was more intense and in a higher percentage of cells in classic @entity5 . Proliferative activity was found nearly exclusively in the epithelial component. These data further substantiate the hypothesis that epithelial cells constitute the proliferating @entity0 cell population responsible for the malignant behaviour of @entity5 . The data indicate that during progression, the epithelial cells acquire expression of @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity1 , accompanied by a higher proliferative activity. Within the epithelial cell population, there exists an autocrine pathway of growth stimulation. Furthermore, these data point to an interaction between the epithelial and fibrous components, in which the epithelial cells additionally stimulate fibrous cell growth via a paracrine pathway involving @entity2 .

title: Expression of growth factors and their receptors in XXXX and the implication for its histogenesis.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The aim of the present study was to investigate which growth factors, receptors, and growth inhibiting factors are expressed in invasive @entity0 . Five (angiogenic) growth factors and their receptors: platelet-derived growth factor A chain (PDGF-AA) and PDGF receptor alpha (PDGF alpha R), PDGF-BB and @entity9 receptor, @entity3 ( @entity13 ) and its receptor @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and its receptors @entity2 receptor I ( @entity11 ) and @entity2 receptor II ( @entity4 ( @entity7 ) and ( @entity10 ) and their receptor couple transforming growth factor beta receptor I ( @entity12 ) and @entity8 ; and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were stained by standard immunohistochemistry on frozen sections in 45 cases of invasive @entity0 . Staining was scored as negative or positive in @entity1 epithelium, stroma, and blood vessels. @entity7 and @entity10 were expressed in the @entity1 cells in 67 per cent and 76 per cent of cases, respectively, whereas PDG beta R and @entity8 were expressed in 0 per cent and 2 per cent, respectively. The other factors showed variable expression in @entity1 cells. All factors were expressed in the stroma in most cases, except @entity11 , @entity4 / @entity4 , @entity10 , and @entity8 , which showed variable expression, and @entity5 , which showed no expression. The endothelium was in most cases positive for @entity6 , PDGF-AA, PDGF-BB, @entity2 , PDGF alpha R, @entity9 R, and @entity7 but @entity7 / was negative in most cases and @entity13 , @entity5 , @entity11 , @entity4 / @entity4 , @entity12 , and @entity8 were variably expressed. The most interesting possible auto/paracrine loops, as demonstrated on serial sections and by fluorescence double staining, were the @entity13 / @entity5 , @entity7 s/ @entity7 R, @entity2 / @entity11 , and the @entity2 / @entity4 combinations. In conclusion, growth factors, growth inhibiting factors, and their receptors are frequently expressed in invasive @entity0 . Indications for some possible auto- and paracrine loops have been found, which should encourage further study on the role of these factors in @entity0 proliferation and angiogenesis.

title: Expression of growth factors, growth inhibiting factors, and their receptors in invasive XXXX . I: An inventory in search of autocrine and paracrine loops.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Synthetic repair of large congenital diaphragmatic defects (>90%) invariably will lead to recurrence, progressive @entity3 , and @entity1 . Staged reconstruction with living, growing tissue can help avoid these complications. METHODS: Between November 1995 and December 1999, 5 @entity0 (median age, 25 months) with diaphragmatic agenesis underwent staged replacement with a @entity6 ( @entity6 ) flap. All required extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support at birth followed by synthetic patch ( @entity2 or @entity2 ) diaphragm closure. Clinical evidence of patch disproportion, including recurrence (n = 3), @entity3 (n = 3), radiographic findings (n = 2), and restrictive respiratory patterns (n = 1), provided indication for replacement. The procedure involves removal of the original patch via thoracotomy followed by transposition of a @entity6 flap (based on the paraspinous and intercostal perforating vessels) into the defect through the bed of the 10th rib. Two @entity0 underwent concomitant fundoplication. RESULTS: @entity6 flap was completed successfully in all 5 @entity0 . Median length of stay after the procedure was 8 days. With a mean follow-up of 28 months (15 to 64 months), there have been no recurrences and no complications related to the procedure. Respiratory status and @entity3 have improved. There was neither evidence of paradoxical chest wall movement nor obvious limitation of the ipsilateral upper extremity on physical examination. The @entity6 flaps have grown proportionately to the @entity0 and remained at a stable level on chest x-ray. CONCLUSIONS: Staged reconstruction with patch closure followed by definitive @entity6 flap repair is a safe and highly effective treatment option in @entity0 with diaphragmatic agenesis. A planned replacement should be considered in all @entity0 with severe @entity5 and patch closure before the development of @entity4 .

title: Staged reconstruction of large congenital diaphragmatic defects with synthetic patch followed by XXXX muscle.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate sex-related differences in outcome, defined as amputation rate and survival in @entity0 treated for @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Age, sex, and type of procedure for all @entity0 undergoing vascular interventions for @entity1 in Stockholm, Sweden, from 1970 to 1994, were obtained from the National Board of Health and Welfare. All @entity0 who underwent amputation after treatment were analyzed separately. Data on deceased @entity0 were extracted from the cause-of- @entity2 register. RESULTS: @entity0 had lower survival rates than @entity0 at 30 days @entity3 years after operation (89% vs 92%, 75% vs 80%, and 50% vs 55%; P <.001). In the multivariate analysis of risk factors for @entity2 during the whole study period, increasing age, calendar year (1980 to 1989), and male sex were significant risk factors (P <.001). The percentage of @entity0 who underwent amputation after treatment was comparable with the percentage of @entity0 who underwent amputation (11.4% vs 10.2%, P =.075). The multivariate analysis identified increased age and calendar year (1985 to 1994) as important risk factors for amputation (P <.001). Female sex was not found to increase the risk for amputation. @entity0 who underwent amputation were older than @entity0 with intact limbs (73 vs 68 years, P <.001). The highest percentage of @entity0 who underwent amputation was found among those treated with femorodistal bypass (20%, P =.001). CONCLUSIONS: Female sex is not an important risk factor for poor outcome after treatment for @entity1 , when their increased age has been accounted for. These results imply that we should continue to consider age and type of procedure when estimating outcome, and @entity0 should not be refused an intervention on a sex-related basis. We should possibly be more selective toward @entity0 considering their higher mortality rates.

title: Sex-related differences in outcome after vascular interventions for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We studied the pattern of type 1 @entity1 -associated autoantibodies during pregnancy and the transplacental transfer of these autoantibodies to the fetal circulation and searched for possible signs of prenatal induction of beta-cell autoimmunity in newborn @entity0 . The population comprised 208 mothers and their newborn @entity0 . Seventy-four of the mothers (36%) had type 1 @entity1 and 134 (64%) of the @entity0 had an affected father or sibling. Blood samples were obtained from the mother at the end of the first trimester and at delivery, and from the cord blood of the newborn @entity0 . Close to 40% of the mothers with type 1 @entity1 had antibodies to islet cells (ICA), 55% to @entity2 decarboxylase (GADA) and 54% to the @entity3 protein (IA-2A) in early pregnancy, whereas the corresponding frequencies in the nonaffected mothers were 5.2%, 5.2% and 3.0%. No significant changes could be seen in autoantibody levels during pregnancy, and there was a close correlation between the two maternal samples. One third of the @entity0 of mothers with type 1 @entity1 tested positive for ICA, 50% for GADA and 51% for IA-2A. Six percent of the @entity0 of nondiabetic mothers had ICA, 2.2% GADA and none had IA-2A. None of the @entity0 of the antibody negative mothers had antibodies in their cord blood. These observations indicate that the immunomodulatory effect of pregnancy on signs of beta-cell autoimmunity is weak, but if @entity1 -associated autoantibodies are present in the mother, most of them are transferred to the fetal circulation. Our data do not provide any support for fetal induction of beta-cell autoimmunity.

title: Disease-associated autoantibodies during pregnancy and at birth in families affected by type 1 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Accurate serological assays are desirable for the diagnosis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) types in the pediatric age group. The aim of this study was to test the diagnostic accuracy of modified assays for perinuclear (p) antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs) and anti- @entity4 cerevisiae antibodies (ASCAs) in @entity0 with pediatric @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and in those without @entity1 . METHODS: With observers blinded to patients' diagnoses, serum specimens were analyzed for @entity5 and IgG ASCAs and ANCAs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The perinuclear location of ANCAs visualized by indirect immunofluorescence was confirmed by its disappearance after administration of deoxyribonuclease. RESULTS: IgA and IgG ASCA titers were significantly greater and highly specific for @entity2 (95% for either, 100% if both positive). pANCA was 92% specific for @entity3 and absent in all non- @entity1 controls. The majority of @entity0 with @entity2 positive for pANCA had a @entity3 -like presentation. Disease location, duration, activity, complications, and treatment with immunosuppressive drugs did not have an impact on the ASCA or pANCA assay results. After resection, @entity3 @entity0 remained pANCA positive, in contrast to @entity0 with @entity2 , in whom ASCA titers decreased toward normal values postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: ASCA and pANCA assays are highly disease specific for @entity2 and @entity3 , respectively. These serological tests can assist clinicians in diagnosing and categorizing @entity0 with @entity1 and may be useful in making therapeutic decisions.

title: Diagnostic accuracy of serological assays in pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) have been demonstrated to be at least as safe and effective as unfractionated heparin (UFH) in the initial management of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). However, the effectiveness of using LMWH in the ambulatory management of @entity4 in a 'real-life' setting has yet to be evaluated. This multicentre retrospective study involving 697 @entity0 considers the outcome data of @entity0 under- going ambulatory @entity4 treatment with @entity5 (Innohep(R), Leo Pharmaceuticals, Risborough, Buckinghamshire, UK). During the 6 months following presentation, 17 (2.5%) @entity0 had confirmed @entity3 complications, of which 14 occurred subsequent to the initial LMWH treatment phase ('late'). There were no deaths in this group. Bleeding complications were reported in 23 (3.4%) @entity0 , with 13 of these being classified as 'late'. Of these, two events were considered major resulting in hospitalization and @entity1 . Hospitalization for all causes was 6.8% (45 @entity0 ) with 32 @entity0 being admitted for @entity3 or @entity2 complications. Overall mortality was 6.7%. These results compare favourably with published clinical trial data. This study demonstrates that ambulatory treatment of proven @entity4 with LMWH is both safe and effective.

title: The outcome of ambulatory XXXX management using a multidisciplinary approach.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: In isolated working @entity2 heart preparations using the conventional technique of cannulating the left atrium via the @entity3 is often insufficiently low (15-20 ml/min). This is a problem in @entity1 reperfusion studies where small absolute differences can be responsible for large relative changes comparing pre- and postischemic values. In an attempt to increase cardiac output, the left atrium was left intact in isolated working @entity2 hearts. The two techniques were compared for hemodynamic parameters and their similarity to the physiological condition. METHODS: The left atrium was cannulated either via the orifices of the pulmonary veins or via an incision in the atrial appendage with its subsequent ligation around the cannula (n = 45-46/group). After 20 min of pressure-volume work cardiac output, heart rate and @entity0 partial pressures were measured and myocardial @entity0 consumption and cardiac efficiency were calculated. RESULTS: Cardiac output was higher in hearts with intact atrial appendage (64 +/- 2 ml/min) than in hearts with ligated atrial appendage (33 +/- 1 ml/min). Myocardial @entity0 consumption (6.1 +/- 0.2 and 8.4 +/- 0.3 micromol/min, resp.) and cardiac efficiency (12.8 +/- 0.6% and 19.9 +/- 0.8%, resp.) were significantly higher in hearts with intact left atrial appendage. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated working @entity2 hearts with an intact left auricle exhibit higher values for important hemodynamic parameters compared to a preparation technique involving ligation of the left auricle.

title: Influence of intact left atrial appendage on hemodynamic parameters of isolated XXXX heart.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Plasma lipoprotein levels, including remnant-like particle (RLP) @entity1 and RLP @entity4 , were assessed in fasting (12 hours) and postprandial (PP) (4 hours after a fat-rich meal) states in 88 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 88 controls. All lipoproteins were assessed by direct methods. We hypothesized that @entity0 with @entity2 would have greater percent increases in their @entity3 levels, RLP @entity1 , and RLP @entity4 , in response to a fat-rich meal. In the fasting state, @entity4 , RLP @entity1 , RLP @entity4 , and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity1 levels were all significantly higher in cases versus controls by 51%, 35%, 39%, and 40%, respectively. These levels were 57%, 37%, 64%, and 37% higher in the PP state, respectively. Mean high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity1 values were 27% lower in cases in both the fasting and PP states. After eating, @entity4 , RLP @entity1 , and RLP @entity4 increased 64%, 71%, and 290% in controls, respectively, whereas in cases these levels increased by 71%, 94%, and 340%, respectively (all p <0.0001). Percent increases in the PP state were not significantly different in cases versus controls. Following the fat-rich meal, LDL and HDL @entity1 decreased by 5% and 4% in controls, and by 7% and 6% in @entity0 , with no significant difference in percent changes between groups. Fasting values correlated very highly with PP values for all parameters (all p <0.0001). Our data indicate that although @entity0 with @entity2 have higher fasting and PP levels of @entity4 , RLP @entity1 , and RLP @entity4 than controls, the response (percent increase) to a fat-rich meal is comparable in both groups. Thus, a feeding challenge is not essential for assessment of these lipoproteins. Moreover, it is not necessary to obtain a fasting sample to assess direct LDL and HDL @entity1 .

title: Comparison of fasting and postprandial plasma lipoproteins in subjects with and without XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The impact of different methods of indexation of left ventricular (LV) mass and systemic hemodynamic variables on prevalences and correlates of @entity3 in relation to level of @entity1 in populations remains unclear. We evaluated 1,672 @entity0 in the @entity4 Genetic Epidemiology Network Study to investigate the relations of @entity7 and level of @entity1 to LV mass and prevalences of @entity8 , @entity5 , and peripheral resistance detected using different indexations for body size. In our study population, 1,577 subjects were clinically healthy nondiabetic @entity4 and 95 were normotensive normal-weight nondiabetic reference subjects. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) did not differ between the reference group and the normal-weight @entity4 subjects, and increased with @entity7 . In @entity4 subjects, LV mass and cardiac output increased and total peripheral resistance decreased with @entity7 . Indexation of LV mass for @entity6 or body surface area (BSA) resulted in no difference or even lower prevalence of @entity8 in severely @entity1 compared with normal-weight @entity4 subjects. In contrast, indexation of LV mass for height(2.7) identified an increased prevalence of @entity8 with @entity7 and @entity1 . Absolute cardiac output increased and total peripheral resistance decreased with @entity7 . Prevalence of elevated cardiac output indexed for height(1.83) increased and for elevated total peripheral resistance-height(1.83) index decreased with greater @entity7 , whereas opposite trends were seen when cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were indexed for BSA or @entity6 . Thus, in @entity4 subjects, @entity6 increases with @entity7 and is directly related to LV mass, @entity2 volume, and cardiac output, and inversely related to total peripheral resistance. Indexations of LV mass and systemic hemodynamics for @entity6 or BSA obscured associations of @entity8 and abnormal cardiac and total peripheral resistance indexes with @entity7 , whereas LV mass/height(2,7), cardiac output/height(1.83), and total peripheral resistance-height(1.83) detected significant preclinical @entity3 with @entity1 .

title: Relation of various degrees of body mass index in @entity0 with systemic XXXX to left ventricular mass, cardiac output, and peripheral resistance (The @entity4 Genetic Epidemiology Network Study).

answer: @entity4


abstract: The impact of different methods of indexation of left ventricular (LV) mass and systemic hemodynamic variables on prevalences and correlates of @entity3 in relation to level of @entity1 in populations remains unclear. We evaluated 1,672 @entity0 in the @entity4 Genetic Epidemiology Network Study to investigate the relations of @entity7 and level of @entity1 to LV mass and prevalences of @entity8 , @entity5 , and peripheral resistance detected using different indexations for body size. In our study population, 1,577 subjects were clinically healthy nondiabetic @entity4 and 95 were normotensive normal-weight nondiabetic reference subjects. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) did not differ between the reference group and the normal-weight @entity4 subjects, and increased with @entity7 . In @entity4 subjects, LV mass and cardiac output increased and total peripheral resistance decreased with @entity7 . Indexation of LV mass for @entity6 or body surface area (BSA) resulted in no difference or even lower prevalence of @entity8 in severely @entity1 compared with normal-weight @entity4 subjects. In contrast, indexation of LV mass for height(2.7) identified an increased prevalence of @entity8 with @entity7 and @entity1 . Absolute cardiac output increased and total peripheral resistance decreased with @entity7 . Prevalence of elevated cardiac output indexed for height(1.83) increased and for elevated total peripheral resistance-height(1.83) index decreased with greater @entity7 , whereas opposite trends were seen when cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were indexed for BSA or @entity6 . Thus, in @entity4 subjects, @entity6 increases with @entity7 and is directly related to LV mass, @entity2 volume, and cardiac output, and inversely related to total peripheral resistance. Indexations of LV mass and systemic hemodynamics for @entity6 or BSA obscured associations of @entity8 and abnormal cardiac and total peripheral resistance indexes with @entity7 , whereas LV mass/height(2,7), cardiac output/height(1.83), and total peripheral resistance-height(1.83) detected significant preclinical @entity3 with @entity1 .

title: Relation of various degrees of body mass index in @entity0 with systemic @entity4 to left ventricular mass, cardiac output, and peripheral resistance (The XXXX Genetic Epidemiology Network Study).

answer: @entity4


abstract: The impact of different methods of indexation of left ventricular (LV) mass and systemic hemodynamic variables on prevalences and correlates of @entity3 in relation to level of @entity1 in populations remains unclear. We evaluated 1,672 @entity0 in the @entity4 Genetic Epidemiology Network Study to investigate the relations of @entity7 and level of @entity1 to LV mass and prevalences of @entity8 , @entity5 , and peripheral resistance detected using different indexations for body size. In our study population, 1,577 subjects were clinically healthy nondiabetic @entity4 and 95 were normotensive normal-weight nondiabetic reference subjects. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) did not differ between the reference group and the normal-weight @entity4 subjects, and increased with @entity7 . In @entity4 subjects, LV mass and cardiac output increased and total peripheral resistance decreased with @entity7 . Indexation of LV mass for @entity6 or body surface area (BSA) resulted in no difference or even lower prevalence of @entity8 in severely @entity1 compared with normal-weight @entity4 subjects. In contrast, indexation of LV mass for height(2.7) identified an increased prevalence of @entity8 with @entity7 and @entity1 . Absolute cardiac output increased and total peripheral resistance decreased with @entity7 . Prevalence of elevated cardiac output indexed for height(1.83) increased and for elevated total peripheral resistance-height(1.83) index decreased with greater @entity7 , whereas opposite trends were seen when cardiac output and total peripheral resistance were indexed for BSA or @entity6 . Thus, in @entity4 subjects, @entity6 increases with @entity7 and is directly related to LV mass, @entity2 volume, and cardiac output, and inversely related to total peripheral resistance. Indexations of LV mass and systemic hemodynamics for @entity6 or BSA obscured associations of @entity8 and abnormal cardiac and total peripheral resistance indexes with @entity7 , whereas LV mass/height(2,7), cardiac output/height(1.83), and total peripheral resistance-height(1.83) detected significant preclinical @entity3 with @entity1 .

title: Relation of various degrees of body mass index in XXXX with systemic @entity4 to left ventricular mass, cardiac output, and peripheral resistance (The @entity4 Genetic Epidemiology Network Study).

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between cone biopsy and pathologic findings at radical hysterectomy in @entity1 . METHODS: Fifty-four @entity0 diagnosed by cone biopsy with @entity1 and treated with radical hysterectomy comprised the study group. The association between the depth of invasion on conization, @entity2 , positive cone margins, positive endocervical curettage (ECC), and the depth of residual invasion in the radical hysterectomy specimen was examined using Pearson r and point biserial correlation. Independent predictors of the depth of residual invasion were determined by multiple regression. RESULTS: The depth of residual invasion correlated significantly with the depth of invasion (r =.374) and presence of @entity2 (r(pb)=.372) in the conization specimen, post-cone ECC status (r(pb) =.669), and age at diagnosis (r =.347). The same factors were jointly assessed using multiple regression (R(2) =.636, P<.001). Depth of invasion on conization, @entity2 , and ECC status were identified as independent predictors of the depth of residual invasion. @entity0 with deep (5 mm or greater) stromal invasion and @entity2 on conization had significantly higher rates of positive parametrial margins (22% compared with zero, P =.001) and adjuvant radiation (66.7% compared with 20%, P =.004) compared with all other @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Depth of invasion, presence of @entity2 , and age at diagnosis were independent predictors of the depth of residual invasion in the subsequent hysterectomy specimen. These factors should be considered in treatment planning. @entity0 with a combination of these factors may have increased risk for deep residual invasion, positive hysterectomy margins, and adjuvant radiation.

title: Cone biopsy and pathologic findings at radical hysterectomy in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the prognosis of @entity0 resuscitated from @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with a transient or correctable cause suspected as the cause of the @entity4 / @entity5 . BACKGROUND: @entity0 resuscitated from @entity4 / @entity5 in whom a transient or correctable cause has been identified are thought to be at low risk for recurrence and often receive no primary treatment for their @entity3 . METHODS: In the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) trial, @entity0 with a potentially transient or correctable cause of @entity4 / @entity5 were not eligible for randomization. The mortality of these @entity0 was compared with the mortality of @entity0 with a known high risk of recurrence of @entity4 / @entity5 in the AVID registry. RESULTS: Compared with @entity0 having high risk @entity4 / @entity5 , those with a transient or correctable cause for their presenting @entity4 / @entity5 were younger and had a higher left ventricular ejection fraction. These @entity0 were more often treated with revascularization as the primary therapy, more commonly received a beta-blocker, less often required therapy for @entity2 and less commonly received either an antiarrhythmic drug or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Nevertheless, subsequent mortality of @entity0 with a transient or correctable cause of @entity4 / @entity5 was no different or perhaps even worse than that of the primary @entity4 / @entity5 population. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 identified with a transient or correctable cause for their @entity4 / @entity5 remain at high risk for @entity1 . Further research is needed to define truly reversible causes of @entity4 / @entity5 . Meanwhile, these @entity0 may require more aggressive evaluation, treatment and follow-up than is currently practiced.

title: Life-threatening XXXX due to transient or correctable causes: high risk for @entity1 in follow-up.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the prognosis of @entity0 resuscitated from @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with a transient or correctable cause suspected as the cause of the @entity4 / @entity5 . BACKGROUND: @entity0 resuscitated from @entity4 / @entity5 in whom a transient or correctable cause has been identified are thought to be at low risk for recurrence and often receive no primary treatment for their @entity3 . METHODS: In the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) trial, @entity0 with a potentially transient or correctable cause of @entity4 / @entity5 were not eligible for randomization. The mortality of these @entity0 was compared with the mortality of @entity0 with a known high risk of recurrence of @entity4 / @entity5 in the AVID registry. RESULTS: Compared with @entity0 having high risk @entity4 / @entity5 , those with a transient or correctable cause for their presenting @entity4 / @entity5 were younger and had a higher left ventricular ejection fraction. These @entity0 were more often treated with revascularization as the primary therapy, more commonly received a beta-blocker, less often required therapy for @entity2 and less commonly received either an antiarrhythmic drug or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Nevertheless, subsequent mortality of @entity0 with a transient or correctable cause of @entity4 / @entity5 was no different or perhaps even worse than that of the primary @entity4 / @entity5 population. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 identified with a transient or correctable cause for their @entity4 / @entity5 remain at high risk for @entity1 . Further research is needed to define truly reversible causes of @entity4 / @entity5 . Meanwhile, these @entity0 may require more aggressive evaluation, treatment and follow-up than is currently practiced.

title: Life-threatening @entity3 due to transient or correctable causes: high risk for XXXX in follow-up.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that wall motion velocity during pre-ejection is proportional to the regional content of viable myocardium after reperfusion for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). BACKGROUND: Pre-ejection wall motion consists of short and fast inward and outward movement towards and away from the center of the left ventricle (LV) and is altered during regional @entity1 . This short-lived event can be accurately quantified by Doppler myocardial imaging (DMI). METHODS: Fourteen open-chest @entity4 underwent 60 to 120 min of left anterior descending @entity3 followed by 30 min of reperfusion. The DMI data were collected using a phased-array intracardiac catheter (LV cavity) from @entity1 and nonischemic myocardium encompassed within a plane passing through two epicardial bead markers. Peak tissue velocities during isovolumic contraction (IVC) (peak positive and peak negative), ejection (S) and early filling (E) were measured. The cardiac specimen was sliced through the epicardial markers in a plane approximating the ultrasound imaging plane. The @entity0 ( @entity0 ) (%) was measured by @entity5 staining. RESULTS: During @entity1 , positive IVC velocity was zero in @entity1 walls with @entity0 >20%. At reperfusion, positive IVC velocity correlated better with @entity0 (r = -0.94, p < 0.0001) than it did S (r = -0.70, p < 0.01) and E (r = -0.81, p < 0.01). Differential IVC (the difference between peak positive and peak negative velocity) highly correlated with @entity0 , during @entity1 (r = -0.78, p < 0.001) and during reperfusion (r = -0.93, p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Pre-ejection tissue velocity, as measured by intracardiac ultrasound, allows rapid estimation of the transmural extent of viable myocardium after reperfusion for @entity2 .

title: Intracardiac measurement of pre-ejection myocardial velocities estimates the transmural extent of viable myocardium early after reperfusion in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and body mass index and prostate volume, as a surrogate marker for @entity3 , in a community-based sample of black @entity0 . Epidemiologic studies examining the role of @entity2 and @entity4 suggest that increased levels of serum @entity2 and decreased levels of serum @entity4 are associated with an increased risk of @entity1 . Few studies have examined these factors with respect to @entity3 , and these have been limited to white @entity0 . METHODS: The study population consisted of a sample of 364 black @entity0 , 40 to 79 years of age, residing in Genesee County, Michigan. @entity0 with @entity1 or prior prostate surgery were excluded. All subjects completed a clinical examination, which included a complete urologic examination with transrectal ultrasonography, anthropometric measurements, and serum assays for @entity2 and @entity4 . RESULTS: Multivariable regression models demonstrated that prostate volume increased with increasing age (P <0.0001) and body mass index (P = 0.03). @entity4 rather than @entity2 was positively associated with increasing prostate volume (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest study describing the relationships between @entity2 , @entity4 , and body mass index and prostate volume, and the only study in black @entity0 . Although earlier studies demonstrated an association between @entity2 and @entity1 risk, our findings indicate that @entity4 is more relevant for prostate enlargement, suggesting that @entity2 and @entity4 may play different pathophysiologic roles in benign and malignant prostatic conditions.

title: Insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3, and body mass index: clinical correlates of prostate volume among Black XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to gather sources of validity evidence of the @entity2 Questionnaire (MDQ) in young adults for its use as a screening tool for @entity1 . The sample was composed of 1,002 @entity0 , 268 @entity0 (26.7%). The mean age of @entity0 was 21.1 years (SD=3.9). The results showed that between 3 and 59% of the sample reported some hypomanic experience. Gender differences were found in the total score of the MDQ. The analysis of the internal structure by exploratory factor analysis yielded 2 factors, called Energy-Activity and Disinhibition-Attention. This dimensional structure was replicated in the exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), and also had factorial equivalence by gender. @entity0 who met the cut-off points of the MDQ reported a worse perceived mental health status and more consummatory and anticipatory pleasure, compared to the low scores group. These findings indicate that the MDQ has adequate psychometric properties in non-clinical samples, and could be useful as a screening tool in psychopathology, with the possibility of optimizing strategies for early identification and prevention in individuals at high risk for @entity1 . Future studies should further explore the role of subclinical @entity1 and conduct longitudinal studies in samples of the general population.

title: Screening the risk of XXXX : Validity evidence of the @entity2 Questionnaire in adolescents and young adults.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to gather sources of validity evidence of the @entity2 Questionnaire (MDQ) in young adults for its use as a screening tool for @entity1 . The sample was composed of 1,002 @entity0 , 268 @entity0 (26.7%). The mean age of @entity0 was 21.1 years (SD=3.9). The results showed that between 3 and 59% of the sample reported some hypomanic experience. Gender differences were found in the total score of the MDQ. The analysis of the internal structure by exploratory factor analysis yielded 2 factors, called Energy-Activity and Disinhibition-Attention. This dimensional structure was replicated in the exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), and also had factorial equivalence by gender. @entity0 who met the cut-off points of the MDQ reported a worse perceived mental health status and more consummatory and anticipatory pleasure, compared to the low scores group. These findings indicate that the MDQ has adequate psychometric properties in non-clinical samples, and could be useful as a screening tool in psychopathology, with the possibility of optimizing strategies for early identification and prevention in individuals at high risk for @entity1 . Future studies should further explore the role of subclinical @entity1 and conduct longitudinal studies in samples of the general population.

title: Screening the risk of @entity1 : Validity evidence of the XXXX Questionnaire in adolescents and young adults.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 is an important factor affecting cardiac function. We evaluated the effect of a @entity5 ( @entity5 ) test on hemodynamics and left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in @entity0 with @entity4 , and compared the hemodynamic responses with a treadmill exercise test. Fifteen @entity0 were studied. Seven had old @entity2 with significant @entity6 (group I) and 8 had @entity3 with non-significant @entity6 (group II). The @entity5 test was performed as follows: after memorizing 6 random numeral digits, @entity0 repeated these numbers in reverse order for 5 min followed by serial subtraction of 1000 minus 17 for 5 min. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured every 1-5 min. Doppler mitral flow velocity (MFV) was recorded every 2-5 min. During the @entity5 test, BP, HR, and rate pressure product increased by 38.3%, 17.3%, and 62.1% on average, respectively. Early diastolic MFV decreased by 10.0% in group I and 3.3% in group 11. First third filling rate of MFV decreased by 32.3% in group I and 22.8% in group II. A/E ratio increased by 39.3% in group I and 25.8% in group II. These data indicate that the @entity5 test led to a deterioration in LV diastolic function. The @entity5 test induced LV @entity1 to a greater extent in @entity0 with significant @entity6 than in those without significant @entity6 . @entity4 may be induced by increased left ventricular afterload and/or vasoconstrictive reflex of coronary microcirculation.

title: Effect of mental stress on hemodynamics and left ventricular diastolic function in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity5 is an important factor affecting cardiac function. We evaluated the effect of a @entity5 ( @entity5 ) test on hemodynamics and left ventricular (LV) diastolic function in @entity0 with @entity4 , and compared the hemodynamic responses with a treadmill exercise test. Fifteen @entity0 were studied. Seven had old @entity2 with significant @entity6 (group I) and 8 had @entity3 with non-significant @entity6 (group II). The @entity5 test was performed as follows: after memorizing 6 random numeral digits, @entity0 repeated these numbers in reverse order for 5 min followed by serial subtraction of 1000 minus 17 for 5 min. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were measured every 1-5 min. Doppler mitral flow velocity (MFV) was recorded every 2-5 min. During the @entity5 test, BP, HR, and rate pressure product increased by 38.3%, 17.3%, and 62.1% on average, respectively. Early diastolic MFV decreased by 10.0% in group I and 3.3% in group 11. First third filling rate of MFV decreased by 32.3% in group I and 22.8% in group II. A/E ratio increased by 39.3% in group I and 25.8% in group II. These data indicate that the @entity5 test led to a deterioration in LV diastolic function. The @entity5 test induced LV @entity1 to a greater extent in @entity0 with significant @entity6 than in those without significant @entity6 . @entity4 may be induced by increased left ventricular afterload and/or vasoconstrictive reflex of coronary microcirculation.

title: Effect of mental stress on hemodynamics and left ventricular diastolic function in XXXX with @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a frequently observed occurrence in mapping populations generated from crosses involving divergent genotypes. In the present study, ten genetic linkage maps constructed from reciprocal F2 and BC1F1 mapping populations derived from the parents Dasanbyeo (indica) and Ilpumbyeo (japonica) were used to identify the distribution, effect, and magnitude of the genetic factors underlying the mechanisms of @entity1 between the two subspecies. RESULTS: @entity1 loci detected in the present study were affected by male function, female function, and zygotic selection. The most pronounced @entity1 loci were mapped to chromosome 3 (transmitted through male gametes), chromosome 5 (transmitted through male gametes), and chromosome 6 (transmitted through female gametes). The level of @entity1 in BC1F1 populations which defined by chi-square value independence multiple tests was relatively low in comparison to F2 populations. Dasanbyeo alleles were transmitted at a higher frequency in both F2 and BC1F1 populations, suggesting that indica alleles are strongly favored in inter-subspecific crosses in @entity0 . @entity1 loci in the present study corresponded to previously reported loci for reproductive barriers. In addition, new @entity1 loci were detected on chromosomes 2 and 12. CONCLUSION: The identification of the distribution of @entity1 and the effect of genetic factors causing @entity1 in genetic mapping populations provides an opportunity to survey the whole genome for new @entity1 loci and their relationships to reproductive barriers. This provides a basis for future research on the elucidation of the genetic mechanisms underlying @entity1 in @entity0 , and will be useful in molecular breeding programs.

title: Analysis of segregation distortion and its relationship to hybrid barriers in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: In 2012, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) discouraged @entity2 -based @entity1 screening. Previous USPSTF recommendations did not appreciably alter @entity1 screening. Therefore, we designed a trend analysis to determine the population-based impact of the 2012 recommendation. METHODS: The nationally representative National Health Interview Survey was used to estimate the proportion of @entity0 age 40 years and older who saw a physician and were screened for @entity1 in 2013. An externally validated 9-year mortality index was used to analyze screening rates based on remaining life expectancy. Screening rates from 2005, 2010, and 2013 were compared using logistic regression. RESULTS: @entity2 -based screening did not significantly change from 2010 to 2013 among 40- to 49-year-old @entity0 (from 12.5% to 11.2%; P = .4). Screening rates significantly declined in @entity0 age 50 to 59 years (from 33.2% to 24.8%; P < .01), age 60 to 74 years (from 51.2% to 43.6%; P < .01), and age 75 years or older (from 43.9% to 37.1%; P = .03). A large percentage of @entity0 were screened for @entity1 despite a high risk (> 52%) of 9-year mortality, including approximately one third of @entity0 older than age 75 years. Approximately 1.4 million @entity0 age 65 years or older with a high risk (> 52%) of 9-year mortality were screened in 2013. CONCLUSION: @entity1 screening significantly declined among @entity0 older than age 50 years after the 2012 USPSTF guideline discouraging @entity2 -based screening. A significant proportion of @entity0 continue to be screened despite a high risk of 9-year mortality, including one third of @entity0 age 75 years and older.

title: National XXXX Screening Rates After the 2012 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Discouraging Prostate-Specific Antigen-Based Screening.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Evaluation of insecticidal activity of flea products is generally based on counting live @entity7 in the animal's coat 24 and 48 hours following artificial @entity2 . This approach, however, does not allow to specify whether the @entity7 have had the opportunity to bite and take a bloodmeal prior to their @entity0 . To address this question, 30 @entity4 were alloted to six groups of five animals. Each cat was housed in a separate cage. At Day 0, each group of @entity4 received a single treatment as follows: Group 1: spot-on application of @entity6 : @entity4 < 4 kg: 40 mg/cat, @entity4 > or = 4 kg: 80 mg/cat (Advantage). Group 2: spot-on application of @entity1 : 50 mg/cat (Frontline spot-on). Group 3: spray application of @entity1 : 7.5 mg/kg b.w. (Frontline spray). Group 4: foam application of @entity3 40/60: 50 mg/kg b.w. (Defencat). Group 5: aerosol spray application of @entity8 + @entity5 : one second/kg b.w. (NuvanTop). Group 6: control group: @entity4 were left untreated. One hour after treatment, each cat was infested with 50 unengorged young adult @entity7 , Ctenocephalides felis, deposited along the dorsal midline. One hour later, each cat was carefully combed using a fine-toothed comb (13 teeth/cm). Collected @entity7 were swatted to deteci blood in their abdomen. To the manufacturers respective product use instructions and efficacy claims, reeinfestations were made at Days 3, 7, 14 in all groups; at Days 21 and 30 in Groups 1, 2, 4, 6; at Days 35 and 42 in Groups 3 and 6. The @entity4 were combed one hour after each reinfestation. The results indicate that the topical application of @entity6 or @entity1 does not prevent @entity7 from biting and feeding within the first hour after @entity2 prior to being killed while the topical application of @entity8 / @entity5 and @entity3 let to a better than 80% decrease of the number of engorged @entity7 for three and seven days post treatment, respectively.

title: Antifeeding effect of several insecticidal formulations against Ctenocephalides felis on XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Routine axillary dissection in @entity1 with @entity0 remains controversial. We previously reported a model for predicting @entity4 in @entity1 with @entity5 or T1b @entity0 that may guide the practice of selective nodal dissection. The objective of this study was to determine whether the prognosticators that predict nodal @entity2 also predict survival. STUDY DESIGN: This study is a retrospective review of 2,153 @entity1 with @entity0 (< or = 1 cm) diagnosed between January 1984 and December 1995. Cases were identified from a statewide @entity3 registry, the Hospital Association of Rhode Island, and the @entity3 registry at Baystate Medical Center in Massachusetts. The impact on survival of @entity1 age (< or = 40 versus > 40 years), nodal status (positive versus negative), @entity3 size ( @entity5 versus T1b), and @entity3 grade (1 versus 2 or 3) were analyzed. @entity0 -specific survival (BCSS) was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the proportional hazards regression method. RESULTS: There were 388 @entity1 with @entity3 0.5 cm or less ( @entity5 ) and 1,765 with @entity3 0.6-1.0 cm (T1b). Nodal status was known in 68% of cases (1,461 of 2,153), and @entity3 grade was recorded in 42% of cases (902 of 2,153). In univariate analysis, age, grade, and nodal status were significant in their association with BCSS. @entity3 size did not influence BCSS among @entity1 with small invasive @entity3 . @entity1 older than 40 years had superior survival compared with younger @entity1 (93% versus 78% at 5 years; p = 0.01). Similarly, @entity1 with low grade (1) @entity3 did better than those with higher grade (2 or 3) @entity3 (98% versus 88% at 5 years; p = 0.03). The 5-year BCSS was 96% versus 78% for node-negative versus node-positive disease, and the 10-year BCSS was 91% versus 62% (p = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, age and nodal status remained firmly associated with survival, although grade lost its significance. CONCLUSIONS: Small @entity3 size does not affect survival. Although risk profiles for @entity4 can be constructed to help guide the practice of selective axillary lymphadenectomy in @entity1 with small invasive @entity0 , these factors cannot serve as a surrogate to nodal status in establishing @entity1 prognosis. Nodal status remains the most powerful determinant of survival in @entity0 @entity1 , even those with very small @entity3 .

title: Prognostic analysis of survival in small XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Two classes of neurons with distinct responses to opioids have been identified in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), a region with a well-documented role in nociceptive modulation. 'On-cells' are directly inhibited by opioids, and opioids can thus gain access to the modulatory circuitry of the RVM by an action on these neurons. 'Off-cells' are likely to exert a net inhibitory effect on nociceptive processing, and are activated by opioids. Because the opioid activation of off-cells is indirect, it has been proposed that on-cells function as inhibitory interneurons, and that opioid-induced suppression of on-cell firing in turn activates off-cells via disinhibition. The aim of the present study was to test this possibility. We had previously shown that excitatory @entity1 (EAA) neurotransmission is crucial to the nocifensor reflex-related on-cell burst. We therefore infused the non-selective EAA receptor antagonist @entity2 (0.5-2 nmol, 200-500 nl) into the RVM while recording activity of on-, off- and neutral cells in lightly anesthetized @entity0 . @entity2 infusions produced a significant decrease in on-cell firing, with suppression of the on-cell burst. Off-cells nonetheless continued to display a tail flick-related pause in firing. Tail flick latency was used as an index of nociceptive responsiveness, and was unaffected by @entity2 infusions. These results demonstrate that a burst of on-cell firing is not required in order for the off-cell to exhibit a reflex-related pause in discharge, and do not support the proposed crucial role for on-cells as inhibitory interneurons within the RVM. In addition, preferential suppression of on-cell tiring was not associated with an increase in tail flick latency. This suggests that, under the conditions of these experiments, on-cell discharge is not a potent regulator of moment-to-moment variations in nociceptive responsiveness.

title: Analysis of excitatory XXXX transmission within the rostral ventromedial medulla: implications for circuitry.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 are @entity2 arisising from arachnoid cells and represent the commonest asymptomatic @entity2 . We analysed 69 @entity6 managed by the @entity2 Group of the Clinics Hospital of Medicine School of S  o Paulo University (September 1995 to September 1997). Age, sex, @entity1 degree, @entity2 site, surgical complications and mortality were studied. @entity1 degree was defined by radiological methods (CT and MRI). Forty-seven @entity0 were @entity0 and average age was 58 years. Type II of @entity1 degree was predominant (38.7%). Twenty-nine @entity0 had @entity5 and 40 presented @entity2 . Simpson I resection was obtained in 48 procedures, II in 18 and III in two surgical removals. Nine cases complicated (transitory deficits, 6; permanent @entity4 , 2). @entity3 occurred in two @entity0 . Morbity and mortality had relation with age, falx @entity2 and attempt of radical surgical removal. @entity1 degree did not modify mortality and morbidity rates.

title: [ XXXX . Diagnosis, surgical results and complications].

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 was noted in @entity0 reporting recent worsening of @entity4 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine if @entity5 -like depigmentation is a marker of rapidly progressing @entity4 . METHODS: Review of @entity0 records and images of @entity0 from a @entity4 registry resulted in 7 @entity0 with 12 images that fit inclusion criteria and were evaluated for percent depigmentation by 3 independent reviewers. The @entity1 Activity Score and the Koebner Phenomenon in Vitiligo Score in an additional cohort of @entity0 with @entity2 were compared with @entity0 who had @entity4 without @entity2 . RESULTS: The mean percentage of depigmentation at baseline was 19.2%, which increased to 43.9% in images obtained at a mean of 16  weeks of follow-up. @entity1 Activity Score and Koebner Phenomenon in Vitiligo Score were significantly higher in the @entity0 with @entity2 compared with those without @entity2 . A skin biopsy specimen of a @entity5 -like lesion in 1 @entity0 revealed an inflammatory infiltrate in the papillary dermis with @entity3 (+) T cells localized to the dermoepidermal junction. LIMITATIONS: Small, single-center retrospective review and lack of full-body photographs are limitations. CONCLUSIONS: A @entity5 -like pattern of depigmentation may be a negative prognostic indicator for @entity0 with rapidly progressing @entity4 . Further, prospective studies to evaluate this physical finding should be performed.

title: XXXX : A potential sign of rapidly progressing @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 was noted in @entity0 reporting recent worsening of @entity4 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to determine if @entity5 -like depigmentation is a marker of rapidly progressing @entity4 . METHODS: Review of @entity0 records and images of @entity0 from a @entity4 registry resulted in 7 @entity0 with 12 images that fit inclusion criteria and were evaluated for percent depigmentation by 3 independent reviewers. The @entity1 Activity Score and the Koebner Phenomenon in Vitiligo Score in an additional cohort of @entity0 with @entity2 were compared with @entity0 who had @entity4 without @entity2 . RESULTS: The mean percentage of depigmentation at baseline was 19.2%, which increased to 43.9% in images obtained at a mean of 16  weeks of follow-up. @entity1 Activity Score and Koebner Phenomenon in Vitiligo Score were significantly higher in the @entity0 with @entity2 compared with those without @entity2 . A skin biopsy specimen of a @entity5 -like lesion in 1 @entity0 revealed an inflammatory infiltrate in the papillary dermis with @entity3 (+) T cells localized to the dermoepidermal junction. LIMITATIONS: Small, single-center retrospective review and lack of full-body photographs are limitations. CONCLUSIONS: A @entity5 -like pattern of depigmentation may be a negative prognostic indicator for @entity0 with rapidly progressing @entity4 . Further, prospective studies to evaluate this physical finding should be performed.

title: @entity5 : A potential sign of rapidly progressing XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a systemic @entity3 that is clinically characterized by a heterogeneous constellation of symptoms and signs. Though an evanescent eruption is the classic cutaneous finding, recent literature has highlighted atypical rashes associated with Still disease. A second emerging concept in presentations of @entity6 is its association with @entity2 . This review focuses on these concepts: the clinical spectrum of atypical skin manifestations and @entity6 as a @entity5 phenomenon. PubMed-MEDLINE was screened for peer-reviewed articles describing atypical presentations of @entity6 and cases associated with @entity2 . Erythematous, brown or violaceous, persistent papules and plaques were the most common cutaneous finding (28/30 [93%]). Linear configurations were also rarely described. Of these @entity1 , 81% concurrently had the typical evanescent @entity4 . There were 31 @entity1 with associated @entity2 , most commonly @entity0 . The diagnosis of @entity2 did not precede or immediately follow a clinical presentation otherwise consistent with @entity6 in a considerable subset of @entity1 (42%). Understanding the cutaneous spectrum of @entity6 and heightened awareness for its delayed association with @entity2 may lead to improved recognition of cutaneous variants and reinforce the need for diagnostic evaluation and long-term follow-up for @entity2 in @entity1 with this clinical presentation.

title: Updates in adult-onset Still disease: Atypical cutaneous manifestations and associations with delayed XXXX .

answer: @entity2