abstract: BACKGROUND: In developing countries, @entity1 is commonly used but its use in Europe and the USA has decreased due to concerns over adverse effects. @entity3 is recommended as the drug of choice for partial onset @entity2 , and there is concern that it may worsen some generalized onset @entity2 types. We report a review using individual @entity0 data in which @entity3 and @entity1 are compared. OBJECTIVES: To review the effects of @entity3 compared to @entity1 monotherapy for @entity0 with partial onset @entity2 or generalized onset @entity2 . SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Controlled trials register (Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2002); MEDLINE; EMBASE; handsearching; contacting experts and original trial investigators; contacting manufacturers of @entity3 . SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized or quasi-randomized, blinded or unblinded controlled trials in @entity0 or adults with partial onset @entity2 or generalized onset @entity2 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Outcome measures were (i) time to withdrawal of allocated treatment, (ii) time to 12 month remission, and (iii) time to first @entity2 . Data were analysed using a stratified logrank analysis with results expressed as hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), where a HR>1 indicates an event is more likely on @entity1 . A test for interaction between treatment and @entity2 type (partial versus generalized onset) was also undertaken. MAIN RESULTS: Data are available for 684 @entity0 from four trials, representing 59% of the @entity0 recruited into the nine trials that met our inclusion criteria. The main overall results (HR 95% CI) adjusted for @entity2 type were, (i) time to withdrawal 1.63(1.23 to 2.15), (ii) time to 12 month remission 0.87(0.65 to 1.17), (iii) time to first @entity2 0.85(0.68 to 1.05). The review suggests that time to withdrawal is significantly improved with @entity3 compared to @entity1 . No overall difference between drugs is identified for the outcomes 'time to 12 month remission' and 'time to first @entity2 '. Statistical heterogeneity was not encountered. An interaction between treatment and @entity2 type, confirmed statistically, was identified for time to first @entity2 , where @entity1 was favoured for partial onset @entity2 and @entity3 for generalized onset @entity2 . REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: We found no overall difference between @entity3 and @entity1 for time to 12 month remission or time to first @entity2 , however, subgroup analyses for time to first @entity2 suggest an advantage with @entity1 for partial onset @entity2 and a clinical advantage with @entity3 for generalized onset @entity2 . @entity1 is significantly more likely to be withdrawn, indicating that it is less well tolerated than @entity3 .

title: XXXX versus @entity1 monotherapy for epilepsy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: In developing countries, @entity1 is commonly used but its use in Europe and the USA has decreased due to concerns over adverse effects. @entity3 is recommended as the drug of choice for partial onset @entity2 , and there is concern that it may worsen some generalized onset @entity2 types. We report a review using individual @entity0 data in which @entity3 and @entity1 are compared. OBJECTIVES: To review the effects of @entity3 compared to @entity1 monotherapy for @entity0 with partial onset @entity2 or generalized onset @entity2 . SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Controlled trials register (Cochrane Library Issue 2, 2002); MEDLINE; EMBASE; handsearching; contacting experts and original trial investigators; contacting manufacturers of @entity3 . SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized or quasi-randomized, blinded or unblinded controlled trials in @entity0 or adults with partial onset @entity2 or generalized onset @entity2 . DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Outcome measures were (i) time to withdrawal of allocated treatment, (ii) time to 12 month remission, and (iii) time to first @entity2 . Data were analysed using a stratified logrank analysis with results expressed as hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), where a HR>1 indicates an event is more likely on @entity1 . A test for interaction between treatment and @entity2 type (partial versus generalized onset) was also undertaken. MAIN RESULTS: Data are available for 684 @entity0 from four trials, representing 59% of the @entity0 recruited into the nine trials that met our inclusion criteria. The main overall results (HR 95% CI) adjusted for @entity2 type were, (i) time to withdrawal 1.63(1.23 to 2.15), (ii) time to 12 month remission 0.87(0.65 to 1.17), (iii) time to first @entity2 0.85(0.68 to 1.05). The review suggests that time to withdrawal is significantly improved with @entity3 compared to @entity1 . No overall difference between drugs is identified for the outcomes 'time to 12 month remission' and 'time to first @entity2 '. Statistical heterogeneity was not encountered. An interaction between treatment and @entity2 type, confirmed statistically, was identified for time to first @entity2 , where @entity1 was favoured for partial onset @entity2 and @entity3 for generalized onset @entity2 . REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: We found no overall difference between @entity3 and @entity1 for time to 12 month remission or time to first @entity2 , however, subgroup analyses for time to first @entity2 suggest an advantage with @entity1 for partial onset @entity2 and a clinical advantage with @entity3 for generalized onset @entity2 . @entity1 is significantly more likely to be withdrawn, indicating that it is less well tolerated than @entity3 .

title: @entity3 versus XXXX monotherapy for epilepsy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal replacement therapy (RRT) with dialysis and transplantation is the only means of sustaining life for @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Although transplantation is the treatment of choice, the number of donor kidneys are limited and transplants may fail. Hence many @entity0 require long-term or even life-long dialysis. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is an alternative to hospital or home haemodialysis for @entity0 with @entity3 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of @entity2 versus hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity3 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2002), the Cochrane Renal Group's Specialised Register (May 2002), MEDLINE (1966 - May 2002), EMBASE (1980 - May 2002), BIOSIS, CINHAL, SIGLE and NRR without language restriction. Reference lists of retrieved articles and conference proceedings were searched and known investigators and biomedical companies were contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) or quasi- @entity1 comparing @entity2 to hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity3 were to be included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers were to independently assess the methodological quality of studies. Data was to be abstracted from included studies onto a standard form by one reviewer and checked by another. Statistical analyses were to be performed using the random effects model and the results to be expressed as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). MAIN RESULTS: Despite extensive searching, no @entity1 or quasi- @entity1 were identified. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Data are not available to allow conclusions to be drawn about the relative effectiveness of @entity2 compared with hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity3 . Efforts should be made to start and complete adequately powered @entity1 , which compare the different dialysis modalities.

title: XXXX ( @entity2 ) versus hospital or home haemodialysis for @entity3 in adults.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal replacement therapy (RRT) with dialysis and transplantation is the only means of sustaining life for @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Although transplantation is the treatment of choice, the number of donor kidneys are limited and transplants may fail. Hence many @entity0 require long-term or even life-long dialysis. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is an alternative to hospital or home haemodialysis for @entity0 with @entity3 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of @entity2 versus hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity3 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2002), the Cochrane Renal Group's Specialised Register (May 2002), MEDLINE (1966 - May 2002), EMBASE (1980 - May 2002), BIOSIS, CINHAL, SIGLE and NRR without language restriction. Reference lists of retrieved articles and conference proceedings were searched and known investigators and biomedical companies were contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) or quasi- @entity1 comparing @entity2 to hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity3 were to be included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers were to independently assess the methodological quality of studies. Data was to be abstracted from included studies onto a standard form by one reviewer and checked by another. Statistical analyses were to be performed using the random effects model and the results to be expressed as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). MAIN RESULTS: Despite extensive searching, no @entity1 or quasi- @entity1 were identified. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Data are not available to allow conclusions to be drawn about the relative effectiveness of @entity2 compared with hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity3 . Efforts should be made to start and complete adequately powered @entity1 , which compare the different dialysis modalities.

title: @entity2 ( XXXX ) versus hospital or home haemodialysis for @entity3 in adults.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Renal replacement therapy (RRT) with dialysis and transplantation is the only means of sustaining life for @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Although transplantation is the treatment of choice, the number of donor kidneys are limited and transplants may fail. Hence many @entity0 require long-term or even life-long dialysis. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is an alternative to hospital or home haemodialysis for @entity0 with @entity3 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of @entity2 versus hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity3 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2002), the Cochrane Renal Group's Specialised Register (May 2002), MEDLINE (1966 - May 2002), EMBASE (1980 - May 2002), BIOSIS, CINHAL, SIGLE and NRR without language restriction. Reference lists of retrieved articles and conference proceedings were searched and known investigators and biomedical companies were contacted. SELECTION CRITERIA: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) or quasi- @entity1 comparing @entity2 to hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity3 were to be included. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers were to independently assess the methodological quality of studies. Data was to be abstracted from included studies onto a standard form by one reviewer and checked by another. Statistical analyses were to be performed using the random effects model and the results to be expressed as relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). MAIN RESULTS: Despite extensive searching, no @entity1 or quasi- @entity1 were identified. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Data are not available to allow conclusions to be drawn about the relative effectiveness of @entity2 compared with hospital or home haemodialysis for adults with @entity3 . Efforts should be made to start and complete adequately powered @entity1 , which compare the different dialysis modalities.

title: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) versus hospital or home haemodialysis for XXXX in adults.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We explored whether there are gender differences in cardiac remodeling and whether etiology influences organ and cellular remodeling in advanced @entity3 ( @entity3 ). BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown a survival benefit for @entity0 compared to @entity0 with symptomatic @entity3 . This observation may be related to gender differences in cardiac remodeling. METHODS: We studied hearts from 100 @entity0 (72 @entity0 and 28 @entity0 ) receiving cardiac transplantation at our institution. Cardiac morphology was assessed with echocardiography and direct measurement of cardiac mass. Cardiac myocyte volume, length, width, cross-sectional area, and contraction were measured using previously validated techniques. RESULTS: Among 50 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), we observed no gender-based differences in cardiac or cellular remodeling. In contrast, among 50 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), the heart weight index was significantly greater in @entity0 , and there was a strong trend toward an increased left ventricular (LV) mass index as well. These gender differences in cardiac and LV mass were paralleled by marked gender differences in myocyte volume, such that average myocyte volume was 36% greater in @entity0 than in @entity0 , in association with a 14% increase in resting cell length. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies demonstrate a multilevel gender difference in post- @entity5 remodeling, with @entity0 exhibiting @entity4 . Our studies further demonstrate that gender differences in cardiac remodeling in @entity2 are largely related to fundamental differences in cellular remodeling rather than simply differences in @entity5 size or expansion. Distinctions observed between @entity1 and idiopathic @entity2 suggest that gender may influence local myocardial responses to injury.

title: Gender differences in post- XXXX @entity4 in end-stage failing hearts.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We explored whether there are gender differences in cardiac remodeling and whether etiology influences organ and cellular remodeling in advanced @entity3 ( @entity3 ). BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown a survival benefit for @entity0 compared to @entity0 with symptomatic @entity3 . This observation may be related to gender differences in cardiac remodeling. METHODS: We studied hearts from 100 @entity0 (72 @entity0 and 28 @entity0 ) receiving cardiac transplantation at our institution. Cardiac morphology was assessed with echocardiography and direct measurement of cardiac mass. Cardiac myocyte volume, length, width, cross-sectional area, and contraction were measured using previously validated techniques. RESULTS: Among 50 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), we observed no gender-based differences in cardiac or cellular remodeling. In contrast, among 50 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), the heart weight index was significantly greater in @entity0 , and there was a strong trend toward an increased left ventricular (LV) mass index as well. These gender differences in cardiac and LV mass were paralleled by marked gender differences in myocyte volume, such that average myocyte volume was 36% greater in @entity0 than in @entity0 , in association with a 14% increase in resting cell length. CONCLUSIONS: Our studies demonstrate a multilevel gender difference in post- @entity5 remodeling, with @entity0 exhibiting @entity4 . Our studies further demonstrate that gender differences in cardiac remodeling in @entity2 are largely related to fundamental differences in cellular remodeling rather than simply differences in @entity5 size or expansion. Distinctions observed between @entity1 and idiopathic @entity2 suggest that gender may influence local myocardial responses to injury.

title: Gender differences in post- @entity5 XXXX in end-stage failing hearts.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies using transcript and metabolite profiles of wild-type and gene deletion mutants revealed that photorespiratory pathways are essential for the growth of @entity0 under atmospheric conditions. Pool size changes of primary metabolites, such as @entity6 and @entity12 , indicated a link to photorespiration. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The @entity10 labelling kinetics of primary metabolites were analysed in photoautotrophically grown cultures of @entity0 by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to demonstrate the link with photorespiration. Cells pre-acclimated to high @entity3 (5%, HC) or limited @entity3 (0.035%, LC) conditions were pulse-labelled under very high (2% w/w) @entity10 - @entity9 (VHC) conditions followed by treatment with ambient @entity13 at HC and LC conditions, respectively. The @entity10 enrichment, relative changes in pool size, and @entity10 flux of selected metabolites were evaluated. We demonstrate two major paths of @entity3 assimilation via Rubisco in @entity0 , i.e., from 3PGA via @entity11 to @entity1 , @entity8 and @entity5 or, to a lesser extent, from 3PGA via @entity7 to @entity4 . The results reveal evidence of @entity2 channelling from 3PGA to the PEP pool. Furthermore, @entity10 labelling of glycolate was observed under conditions thought to suppress photorespiration. Using the glycolate-accumulating /\glcD1 mutant, we demonstrate enhanced @entity10 partitioning into the glycolate pool under conditions favouring photorespiration and enhanced @entity10 partitioning into the @entity6 pool of the @entity6 -accumulating /\gcvT mutant. Under LC conditions, the photorespiratory mutants /\glcD1 and /\gcvT showed enhanced activity of the additional @entity2 -fixing PEP carboxylase pathway. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: With our approach of non-steady-state @entity10 labelling and analysis of metabolite pool sizes with respective @entity10 enrichments, we identify the use and modulation of major pathways of @entity2 assimilation in @entity0 in the presence of high and low inorganic @entity2 supplies.

title: Modulation of the major paths of @entity2 in photorespiratory mutants of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies using transcript and metabolite profiles of wild-type and gene deletion mutants revealed that photorespiratory pathways are essential for the growth of @entity0 under atmospheric conditions. Pool size changes of primary metabolites, such as @entity6 and @entity12 , indicated a link to photorespiration. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The @entity10 labelling kinetics of primary metabolites were analysed in photoautotrophically grown cultures of @entity0 by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to demonstrate the link with photorespiration. Cells pre-acclimated to high @entity3 (5%, HC) or limited @entity3 (0.035%, LC) conditions were pulse-labelled under very high (2% w/w) @entity10 - @entity9 (VHC) conditions followed by treatment with ambient @entity13 at HC and LC conditions, respectively. The @entity10 enrichment, relative changes in pool size, and @entity10 flux of selected metabolites were evaluated. We demonstrate two major paths of @entity3 assimilation via Rubisco in @entity0 , i.e., from 3PGA via @entity11 to @entity1 , @entity8 and @entity5 or, to a lesser extent, from 3PGA via @entity7 to @entity4 . The results reveal evidence of @entity2 channelling from 3PGA to the PEP pool. Furthermore, @entity10 labelling of glycolate was observed under conditions thought to suppress photorespiration. Using the glycolate-accumulating /\glcD1 mutant, we demonstrate enhanced @entity10 partitioning into the glycolate pool under conditions favouring photorespiration and enhanced @entity10 partitioning into the @entity6 pool of the @entity6 -accumulating /\gcvT mutant. Under LC conditions, the photorespiratory mutants /\glcD1 and /\gcvT showed enhanced activity of the additional @entity2 -fixing PEP carboxylase pathway. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: With our approach of non-steady-state @entity10 labelling and analysis of metabolite pool sizes with respective @entity10 enrichments, we identify the use and modulation of major pathways of @entity2 assimilation in @entity0 in the presence of high and low inorganic @entity2 supplies.

title: Modulation of the major paths of XXXX in photorespiratory mutants of @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The numbers of GABAergic neurons as determined by GAD immunocytochemistry and total neurons as determined from Nissl preparations were counted and classified at the light microscopic level in the inferior colliculus (IC) of the @entity1 -prone @entity0 (GEPR) and the non-epileptic Sprague-Dawley (SD) strain of @entity0 . GAD-positive neurons are abundant in the IC in all 3 subdivisions. Several sizes of multipolar neurons as well as medium-sized bipolar or fusiform neurons are GAD-positive. GAD-positive punctate structures that were interpreted to be axon terminals and transversely-sectioned dendrites and preterminal axons are abundant in the IC of both the GEPR and SD. A dramatic increase in the number of GAD-positive neurons occurs in the GEPR as compared to the SD. This increase is most evident in the middle of the rostrocaudal extent of the IC. Although the increase is statistically significant in all subdivisions of the IC, it is most pronounced in the central nucleus, especially the ventral lateral portion. Within the central nucleus, the increase in the number of GAD-positive neurons is due to a selective increase in the small (200%) and medium (90%) cell body size populations (10-15 micron and 15-25 micron in diameter, respectively). Concomitant with this increase in the number of GAD-positive neurons, an increase in total numbers of neurons occurs as determined from Nissl preparations. A 100% increase in the number of small neurons and a 30% increase in the number of medium-sized neurons occur in the GEPR as compared to the SD @entity0 . The proportion of GAD-positive neurons to total neurons is also increased in the GEPR. Approximately 25% of the neurons in the IC in SD @entity0 are GAD-positive, while about 35% of the neurons in the GEPR are GAD-positive. These data demonstrate an anatomical difference in the IC of the GEPR as compared to the SD which appears to be preferential for the GABAergic system.

title: Increased numbers of GABAergic neurons occur in the inferior colliculus of an audiogenic model of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In the oral cavity, @entity0 has been observed at various stages of oral @entity1 (OSCC). Such @entity0 could result from persistent mucosal or epithelial cell colonization by microorganisms. There is increasing evidence of the involvement of oral bacteria in @entity0 , warranting further studies on the association of bacteria with the progression of OSCC. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity and relative abundance of bacteria in the saliva of subjects with OSCC. Using 454 parallel DNA sequencing,    58,000 PCR amplicons that span the V4-V5 hypervariable region of rRNAs from five subjects were sequenced. Members of eight phyla (divisions) of bacteria were detected. The majority of classified sequences belonged to the phyla Firmicutes (45%) and Bacteroidetes (25%). Further, 52 different genera containing approximately 860 (16.51%) known species were identified and 1077 (67%) sequences belonging to various @entity2 or unclassified groups. The species diversity estimates obtained with abundance-based coverage estimators and Chao1 were greater than published analyses of other microbial profiles from the oral cavity. Fifteen unique phylotypes were present in all three OSCC subjects.

title: Microbial diversity in saliva of oral XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 mortality is frequently associated with @entity2 . @entity2 models have shown adrenoceptor (AR) stimulation induces cell migration which is inhibited by adrenoceptor antagonist drugs. We investigated adrenoceptor protein expression in clinical @entity0 and its association with disease progression and prognosis. Immunohistochemistry on tissue microarrays was used to characterise a1b, a2c and b(2)2 adrenoceptor protein expression in operable @entity0 . Associations with @entity3 -relevant biological markers and clinical outcome were statistically assessed. Strong a1b expression occurred in large high grade (P < 0.0001), @entity7 + (P < 0.0001) or basal-like ( @entity9 , P = 0.0005; @entity10 , P = 0.0001; @entity4 , P = 0.003) @entity3 , showing increased proliferation ( @entity8 , P = 0.002), decreased apoptosis ( @entity5 , P < 0.0001) and poor NPI membership (P = 0.001). a1b expression correlated with poor @entity3 -specific survival (LR = 7.628, P = 0.022) and @entity3 recurrence (LR = 6.128, P = 0.047). Strong a2c was over-expressed in high grade (P = 0.007), @entity12 + (P = 0.002) and @entity13 + (P < 0.0001) @entity3 with borderline increase in @entity4 , @entity6 and @entity8 proteins, and inverse association with hormonal ( @entity11 , P = 0.002) phenotype. In contrast, strong b(2) expression occurred in small-size, luminal-like (ER+, P < 0.001) @entity3 of low grade (P < 0.001) and lymph node stage (P = 0.027) that showed poor prognosis when hormonal treatment was withheld. Adrenoceptors were not found to be independent predictors of clinical outcome. Alpha1b and a2c AR is over-expressed in basal-like @entity0 of poor prognosis. Strong b(2) adrenoceptor expression is seen in @entity1 with a luminal (ER+) @entity3 phenotype and good prognosis, due to benefits derived from hormonal therapy. These findings suggest a possible role for targeted therapy using adrenoceptor antagonists.

title: Alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor (AR) protein expression is associated with poor clinical outcome in XXXX : an immunohistochemical study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inguinal hernia recurrence after surgical repair is a major concern. The authors report their experience with open and laparoscopic repair of recurrent @entity1 . METHODS: After institutional review board approval, a retrospective review was performed with the charts of 197 @entity0 who had undergone surgical repair of recurrent @entity1 from January 2000 through August 2009, and the data for 172 @entity0 who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Surgical variables and clinical outcomes were compared using Student's t test, the Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square, and Fisher's exact test as appropriate. RESULTS: The review showed that 172 @entity0 had undergone either open mesh repair (n=61) or laparoscopic mesh repair (n=111) for recurrent @entity1 . @entity2 were experienced by 8 @entity0 in the open group and 17 @entity0 in laparoscopic group (p=0.70). Five @entity0 (8.2%) in the open group and four @entity0 (3.6%) in the laparoscopic group had re-recurrent @entity1 (p=0.28). Four @entity0 in the open group (9.5%) and no @entity0 in the laparoscopic group had recurrence during long-term follow-up evaluation (p=0.046). In the laparoscopic group, 76 @entity0 (68.5%) underwent total extraperitoneal (TEP) repair, and 35 @entity0 (31.5%) had transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) repair. @entity2 were experienced by 13 @entity0 in the TEP group and 4 @entity0 in the TAPP group (p=0.44). Two @entity0 (2.6%) in the TEP group and two @entity0 (5.7%) in the TAPP group had re-recurrent @entity1 (p=0.59). CONCLUSIONS: This retrospective review showed no statistical difference in the re-recurrence rate between the two techniques during short-term follow-up evaluation. However, the laparoscopic technique had a significantly lower re-recurrence rate than the open technique during long-term follow-up evaluation. Both procedures were comparable in terms of intra- and @entity2 . Among laparoscopic techniques, TEP and TAPP repair are acceptable methods for the repair of recurrent @entity1 . A multicenter prospective randomized control trial is needed to confirm the findings of this study.

title: A comparison of outcomes between open and laparoscopic surgical repair of recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Immunohistochemistry was performed for @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity2 on @entity3 -embedded tissue sections from 25 @entity0 who had surgically resected @entity1 . It was then correlated with the @entity0 ' clinical course in an attempt to determine the expression patterns and clinical significance of the CIP/KIP family of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in primary intestinal large @entity5 . @entity4 immunostaining was positive in 11 cases (44%) and @entity6 was positive in 8 cases (32%). All cases were @entity7 -negative. @entity2 immunostaining was positive in 14 cases (56%) and negative in 11 cases (44%). With respect to the relationship between @entity4 and @entity2 , seven cases were @entity2 +/ @entity4 -, seven cases were @entity2 +/ @entity4 +, seven cases were @entity2 -/p2l-, and four cases were @entity2 -/ @entity4 +. The expression patterns of @entity4 and @entity2 did not influence the @entity0 's clinical outcome. However, @entity6 -positive cases had a much higher percentage of @entity0 sustaining a continuous complete remission state (8/8, 100%) as compared to @entity6 -negative cases (10/17, 59%), although this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.057). These results suggest that @entity6 immunoreactivity may be associated with a better clinical outcome. However, further study with larger series are planned to determine the clinical significance of @entity6 overexpression in primary intestinal large @entity5 .

title: Expressions of the CIP/KIP family of CDK inhibitor proteins in primary intestinal large XXXX : correlation with clinical outcomes.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Fatigue has been associated with illness in veterans of the Gulf War; however, few studies have confirmed self-reported @entity1 by using clinical evaluation, and symptomatic veterans have not been evaluated with established criteria for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The authors describe the frequency and clinical characteristics of @entity2 in a sample of veterans residing in the northwestern United States. The sample was selected randomly from U.S. Department of Defense databases of troops deployed to southwest Asia during the Gulf War. The selected individuals were invited to participate in a clinical case-control study of unexplained illness. Of 799 survey respondents eligible for clinical evaluation, 178 had @entity1 symptoms. Of the 130 veterans who were evaluated clinically, 103 had unexplained @entity1 , and 44 veterans met the 1994 U.S. Centers for Disease Control criteria for @entity2 . In this population, the authors estimated a minimum prevalence of any unexplained @entity1 to be 5.1%, and of @entity2 to be 2.2%. The estimated prevalence was greater among females than among males. Cases were similar to healthy controls, as determined by laboratory tests and physical findings. In comparison to several clinical studies of @entity2 @entity0 , the authors of this study found a lower proportion of veterans who reported a sudden onset of symptoms (19%) vs. a gradual onset (50%). Although it has previously been suggested that veterans of the Gulf War suffer from higher rates of chronic @entity1 than the general population, the study results described herein--on the basis of clinical examination of a population-based sample of veterans-actually indicate that an increased rate may indeed exist. Gulf War veterans with unexplained @entity1 should be encouraged to seek treatment so that the impact of these symptoms on overall quality of life can be reduced.

title: Chronic XXXX in a population-based study of Gulf War veterans.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is occurring in food, and is also used in cosmetics. In order to perform a risk assessment for both oral and dermal exposure, we applied a physiologically based approach to model kinetics in @entity0 by simulating both routes of exposure. The concentration-time profile in liver revealed a higher peak concentration (C(max-hep)) for the oral when compared to the dermal route. The area under the concentration-time curve in the liver (AUC(hep)) was found the same for both routes if the same extent of absorption is assumed. Dose response information from published @entity1 studies were used to identify the metric relevant for liver @entity3 . Liver exposure levels resulting from doses and durations as outlined in the studies were simulated in a @entity1 model. We obtained 31 data pairs of C(max-hep) and AUC(hep). @entity2 was observed at doses which resulted in simulated C(max-hep) values exceeding a certain liver concentration whereas we could not identify a clear cut off value of AUC(hep). Our findings support the notion that liver @entity3 of @entity4 in @entity1 is related to C(max-hep) rather than to AUC(hep). If these findings can be transferred to the situation in @entity0 , the result demonstrates that route specific differences in organ peak concentrations have to be considered when performing route-to-route extrapolation.

title: Physiologically based toxicokinetic modelling as a tool to assess target organ XXXX in route-to-route extrapolation--the case of @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is occurring in food, and is also used in cosmetics. In order to perform a risk assessment for both oral and dermal exposure, we applied a physiologically based approach to model kinetics in @entity0 by simulating both routes of exposure. The concentration-time profile in liver revealed a higher peak concentration (C(max-hep)) for the oral when compared to the dermal route. The area under the concentration-time curve in the liver (AUC(hep)) was found the same for both routes if the same extent of absorption is assumed. Dose response information from published @entity1 studies were used to identify the metric relevant for liver @entity3 . Liver exposure levels resulting from doses and durations as outlined in the studies were simulated in a @entity1 model. We obtained 31 data pairs of C(max-hep) and AUC(hep). @entity2 was observed at doses which resulted in simulated C(max-hep) values exceeding a certain liver concentration whereas we could not identify a clear cut off value of AUC(hep). Our findings support the notion that liver @entity3 of @entity4 in @entity1 is related to C(max-hep) rather than to AUC(hep). If these findings can be transferred to the situation in @entity0 , the result demonstrates that route specific differences in organ peak concentrations have to be considered when performing route-to-route extrapolation.

title: Physiologically based toxicokinetic modelling as a tool to assess target organ @entity3 in route-to-route extrapolation--the case of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: In colectomized @entity0 with ileo stoma, the reflex modulation of small intestinal functions is disturbed, resulting in high enteric stoma outputs and malabsorption. @entity1 has a pivotal role in initiating motor and secretory reflexes involving activation of neuronal @entity1 (3) and smooth muscle muscarinic receptors. We aimed to evaluate the effect of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity4 and @entity3 on fasting and stimulated antro-duodeno-jejunal migrating motor complex (MMC) in colectomized @entity0 with ileo stoma compared with healthy subjects. Manometric recordings were obtained in a blinded, age- and gender-matched design. The effects of either standard meal or intravenous @entity1 (10 nmol/kg/min.) treatment with pre-treatment of saline (placebo) or @entity4 (250  g/kg) or @entity3 (10  g/kg) were compared. Adverse effects, blood pressure, heart rate and electrocardiographic data were also evaluated. @entity1 increased the frequency (threefold) and migration velocity (twofold) of @entity2 phase III in both experimental groups. @entity4 reduced @entity1 -induced frequency of MMC phase III in @entity0 (p < 0.05) but not in healthy subjects. @entity3 reduced @entity1 -induced frequency of MMC phase III in healthy subjects (p < 0.05). @entity4 did not alter fasting or postprandial MMC in either experimental group (p > 0.05). @entity3 did not change fasting MMC in healthy subjects (p > 0.05). We conclude that @entity1 is a stimulator of MMC phase III and that @entity4 reduces the @entity1 -induced MMC phase III without affecting fasting or postprandial properties in colectomized @entity0 with ileo stoma. Similar effects were observed for @entity1 and @entity3 in healthy subjects.

title: Migrating motor complex in colectomized ileo stoma XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Our objective was to identify activities that influence @entity1 and to determine if conditional probabilities exist among such variables. METHOD: Two hundred fifty-eight @entity0 were asked the following two questions: "When you have your @entity1 , which of the following makes it worse?" and "Which of the following reduces your @entity1 ?" RESULTS: Things that made @entity1 better included noise (31%) and relaxation (15%). Things that made @entity1 worse included being in a quiet place (48%), stress (36%), being in a noisy place (32%), and lack of sleep (27%). Almost 6% of @entity0 suggested coffee/tea and 4% said certain foods made their @entity1 worse. Conditional probabilities indicated that for those whose @entity1 is not worse in quiet, it is usually not reduced by noise. For those whose @entity1 is not worse in noise, it is usually not reduced in quiet. CONCLUSION: There are dramatic differences among @entity0 . Such differences need to be considered in planning treatments.

title: Differences Among XXXX That Make Their Tinnitus Worse or Better.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 has a wide clinical spectrum of manifestation. We report a novel method of managing focal isolated perforation in @entity5 by using diagnostic laparoscopy to localize the site of perforation and by making a microincision over the perforation to perform exteriorization or limited resection and primary @entity3 . METHODS: We included low-birth weight @entity0 presenting with sudden clinical deterioration and @entity4 . @entity0 with gross abdominal wall signs were excluded on the probability that they had extensive disease. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed using a 3.5-mm trocar and 1.9-mm telescope. A 1-cm incision was made over the site of perforation, and local surgical debridement was performed. RESULTS: There were 3 extremely low-birth weight @entity0 (580, 700, and 780 g) and 1 larger @entity0 (1.6 kg). In all cases, an isolated perforation was detected. None had @entity2 . The 3 smaller @entity0 had exteriorization and enterostomies. The larger @entity0 had resection and primary @entity3 . All @entity0 recovered uneventfully. CONCLUSION: Diagnostic laparoscopy can be safely performed in extremely low-birth weight @entity0 . It allows precise identification of the site of perforation to perform a limited microlaparotomy at this site, significantly reducing the surgical @entity1 . We report a novel method of managing this vexing problem.

title: Laparoscopic localization and microlaparotomy for focal isolated perforation in XXXX : an alternative approach to a challenging problem.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of goniotomy to treat primary @entity7 in an east African population. DESIGN: A retrospective series using case records. For @entity0 who underwent goniotomies in both eyes, only the first was analyzed. @entity0 : Forty-seven @entity0 undergoing goniotomy (47/80 operated eyes analyzed). Thirty-six @entity0 (77%) were male. Mean age was 19 months (range 1-204 months, standard deviation [SD] = 35). INTERVENTION: First goniotomy was performed from the temporal side. Repeat surgery, if necessary, was performed via nasal side approach and 100% @entity3 -soaked @entity5 -tipped swabs were used to clear the corneal epithelium when necessary for angle visualization. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity6 (IOP) <21 mmHg was considered success. Potential risk factors for failure were analyzed. Quantitative visual acuities were measured with Cardiff acuity cards and Lea tests in older @entity0 . RESULTS: A total of 36 of 47 @entity0 (77%) returned for follow-up. Mean follow-up interval was 12 months (range, 1-62 months; SD = 15). A total of 28 of 47 @entity0 (60%) had >3 months of follow-up, and 11 @entity0 had >1 year of follow-up. @entity2 (26%) required repeat goniotomy. Three of these required further trabeculectomy with @entity4 , 1 of which required eventual enucleation after failure to control IOP, enlargement, and @entity1 . A total of 11 of 28 @entity0 (39%) with >3 months follow-up required repeat surgery. A total of 24 of 28 @entity0 (86%) with follow-up intervals of at least 3 months achieved postoperative IOPs of <21 mmHg. Mean IOPs decreased (t = 6.1, P < 0.0005) from 23.4 mmHg (SD = 5.3 mmHg) to 14.4 mmHg (SD = 7.6 mmHg). Only 1 predictor of failure to achieve successful control of IOP was identified: female gender (relative risk = 5.3, 95% confidence interval, 1.1-26.3). Corneas were clear in 4 of 47 eyes (8.5%) preoperatively and 32 of 41 eyes (78%) postoperatively. Of 25 @entity0 with preoperative and postoperative acuities measured, 22 (88%) recorded improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary results of goniotomy in an African population with advanced disease and late presentation are reasonably encouraging. Overall results are comparable with historical drainage procedures, with the advantage of preserving conjunctiva. Further studies are justified.

title: Outcomes of goniotomy for primary XXXX in East Africa.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The insulinlike growth factor signaling axis (factors I and II and their receptor) has been implicated in hepatocarcinogenesis. Previous studies on insulinlike growth factor I receptor using resected @entity2 generated mixed results; however, the distribution and clinical significance of insulinlike growth factor I receptor b expression in @entity2 in the setting of liver transplantation have not been evaluated. Immunohistochemical staining for insulinlike growth factor I receptor b was performed in 72 liver explants from @entity0 with @entity2 undergoing liver transplantation. Expression of insulinlike growth factor I receptor b in hepatocytes was noted in 59.7% of @entity1 but only 6.9% of adjacent, nontumorous liver tissues (P < .001). Compared with subjects with @entity1 within Milan criteria, those who fell beyond had 3.1 times higher odds of having insulinlike growth factor I receptor b-positive @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 1.003-9.8). Poorly differentiated @entity2 had 10.3 times higher odds of insulinlike growth factor I receptor b positivity compared with well- or moderately differentiated @entity1 (95% confidence interval, 1.3-85.2). Subjects with @entity3 were less likely to have insulinlike growth factor I receptor b-positive @entity1 (P = .015). Finally, higher arteriolar insulinlike growth factor I receptor b scores in the @entity1 and adjacent liver were significantly associated with insulinlike growth factor I receptor b expression in @entity1 cells (P = .015 and .043 for intratumoral and adjacent arterioles, respectively) in a subset of 26 randomly chosen @entity2 . Our results suggest that synchronized up-regulation of the insulinlike growth factor I receptor axis in @entity1 cells and intratumoral and adjacent arterioles could represent a mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis and progression as manifest by poor differentiation and @entity1 beyond Milan criteria. Targeted therapies against insulinlike growth factor receptors may be justifiable in the treatment of @entity2 .

title: Insulin-like growth factor I receptor b expression in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite recent improvements in IOL design, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) remains a significant clinical problem after @entity1 surgery. The Perfect Capsule device (Milvella, Ltd., Epping, Australia) permits the introduction and subsequent removal of potentially toxic agents into the closed capsular bag. The present purpose was to detect the effectiveness of @entity5 ( @entity7 ) to cultured @entity0 lens cells and cells within the @entity0 capsular bag. METHODS: All experiments were carried out with 2 minutes exposure to @entity7 . Effect of @entity7 on FHL124 cells growth was tested by MTT. Changes in cell @entity2 levels induced by high concentration of @entity7 were measured by real-time fluorometric single-cell digital imaging techniques after @entity3 incorporation. In vitro @entity0 capsular bags were also tested after a sham surgery was performed using the Perfect Capsule device to form a closed system. @entity7 (10, 30, 100, 300, 1000   mol/L) were used with donor match-pairs treated with medium alone.(n = 3 in all cases).On-going observations were by phase-contrast microscopy. Cellular architecture was examined by fluorescence cytochemistry. RESULTS: @entity7 of 100   mol/L and above inhibited the growth of @entity6 124 cells in a dose-dependent manner with 2 minutes exposure (t = 5.217, P < 0.01, IC(50) is 130   mol/L) @entity7 depleted the @entity2 store and consequently lead to a loss of @entity2 signaling.Moreover, 1   10(4)   mol/L @entity7 had a moderate effect on the @entity2 influx pathway, inhibition on the amplitude and rapidity is (43.24    2.98)% (t = 3.134, P < 0.01) and (46.27    6.01)% (t = 3.521, P < 0.01), respectively. No cell left in the vitro @entity0 capsular bags after being treated with 1   10(4)   mol/L @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 can eliminate the @entity0 lens epithelium cells remained in the capsular bag in @entity1 surgery, which may help to prevent @entity4 . The application of @entity7 to cells within the capsular bag for a 2 minute window using the Perfect Capsule system predicts this compound will have therapeutic benefit to @entity0 in vivo.

title: [Prevention of @entity4 by combination of XXXX and perfect capsule].

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Despite recent improvements in IOL design, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) remains a significant clinical problem after @entity1 surgery. The Perfect Capsule device (Milvella, Ltd., Epping, Australia) permits the introduction and subsequent removal of potentially toxic agents into the closed capsular bag. The present purpose was to detect the effectiveness of @entity5 ( @entity7 ) to cultured @entity0 lens cells and cells within the @entity0 capsular bag. METHODS: All experiments were carried out with 2 minutes exposure to @entity7 . Effect of @entity7 on FHL124 cells growth was tested by MTT. Changes in cell @entity2 levels induced by high concentration of @entity7 were measured by real-time fluorometric single-cell digital imaging techniques after @entity3 incorporation. In vitro @entity0 capsular bags were also tested after a sham surgery was performed using the Perfect Capsule device to form a closed system. @entity7 (10, 30, 100, 300, 1000   mol/L) were used with donor match-pairs treated with medium alone.(n = 3 in all cases).On-going observations were by phase-contrast microscopy. Cellular architecture was examined by fluorescence cytochemistry. RESULTS: @entity7 of 100   mol/L and above inhibited the growth of @entity6 124 cells in a dose-dependent manner with 2 minutes exposure (t = 5.217, P < 0.01, IC(50) is 130   mol/L) @entity7 depleted the @entity2 store and consequently lead to a loss of @entity2 signaling.Moreover, 1   10(4)   mol/L @entity7 had a moderate effect on the @entity2 influx pathway, inhibition on the amplitude and rapidity is (43.24    2.98)% (t = 3.134, P < 0.01) and (46.27    6.01)% (t = 3.521, P < 0.01), respectively. No cell left in the vitro @entity0 capsular bags after being treated with 1   10(4)   mol/L @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 can eliminate the @entity0 lens epithelium cells remained in the capsular bag in @entity1 surgery, which may help to prevent @entity4 . The application of @entity7 to cells within the capsular bag for a 2 minute window using the Perfect Capsule system predicts this compound will have therapeutic benefit to @entity0 in vivo.

title: [Prevention of XXXX by combination of @entity5 and perfect capsule].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To make a clear distinction of @entity8 : craniopharyngioma (CR), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity4 (PA) and intrasellar @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: A total of 72 adult @entity0 underwent transsphenoidal approach for the removal of @entity8 . The authors conducted a study to (1) investigate preoperative clinical, biochemical and radiographic features of @entity0 with CR, @entity5 , PA and @entity2 ; (2) identify clinicopathological features of independently predicting recurrence in CR, PA and @entity5 in adults. These adult @entity0 included CR (n = 10), @entity5 (n = 27), cystic PA (n = 32) and 1 @entity0 with @entity2 (n = 1). RESULTS: The CR @entity0 presented with @entity7 in 80% of cases. According to the biochemical criteria, the percentage of @entity0 with a slight prolactin increase happened in PA (55.6%) and @entity5 (44.4%). Cystic PA had post-contrasting enhancement in cyst wall because of @entity1 tissue. Calcification detectable on computed tomographic scanning was present in 70% of CR @entity0 . It was a significantly greater proportion compared to other diseases. Typical @entity5 was located between anterior and posterior pituitary and the contents in @entity5 were variable. Mass effects vanished post-operatively in all kinds of lesions. Long-term hormone replacement therapy was administered more in CR @entity0 (60%) and @entity6 than other lesions. One PA @entity0 and 2 CR @entity0 had recurrence during a follow-up of 12 - 52 months (mean: 34). @entity5 and @entity2 had no recurrence. CONCLUSION: @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity4 and intrasellar @entity2 are a spectrum of diseases with different therapeutic strategies. An accurate diagnosis of these lesions is essential so as to determine the type of treatment to improve outcome.

title: [Therapeutic strategy for XXXX ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to explore the effectiveness and safety of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) for the management of @entity3 . METHODS: from May 2004 to February 2008, 32 @entity0 with @entity3 underwent @entity7 were reviewed. There were 12 males and 20 females with an average age of 18 years (range, 10 - 56 years). The operation techniques included multilevel @entity6 and residual intervertebral disc resection, followed by realignment and posterior correction with pedicle screws. The effectiveness was evaluated by preoperative and postoperative radiography and three-dimensional CT scan reconstruction at final follow-up. The intraoperative and postoperative complications of all @entity0 were recorded. RESULTS: a mean of 2.1 vertebrae were performed with @entity7 and a mean of 10.6 vertebral levels were instrumented and fused (range, 8 - 13 vertebrae). The mean duration of surgery was 270 minutes (range, 215 - 380 minutes). The average intraoperative @entity2 was 1560 ml (range, 900 - 4800 ml). Complications were encountered in 4 @entity0 . There were 2 cases with transient @entity1 , 1 case with @entity4 leak, 1 case with @entity5 . The average time of follow-up was 31 months (range, 24 - 48 months). The correction rate was 61% on the coronal plane (from 108   to 42  ), and the correction rate was 65% on the sagittal plane (from 82.0   to 28.7  ). All @entity0 had solid fusion at osteotomy site, and no instrumentational failure and loosening were found over the follow up. CONCLUSION: single stage posterior @entity7 is an effective option to manage @entity3 .

title: [Vertebral column decancellation for the management of XXXX : the effectiveness and safety analysis].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The vasculature of the @entity1 tongue is supplied by parasympathetic vasodilator nerve fibres of intrinsic origin. Here, we investigated first to what extent neuropeptides and the synthesizing enzymes of NO, CO and @entity2 are contained and colocalized within periarterial lingual vasodilator axons of intrinsic origin. Then it was determined whether perivascular innervation by these fibre types changes with vascular diameter, in particular in comparison with the sensory substance @entity5 )-positive and sympathetic noradrenergic vascular innervation. To this end, single, double and triple labelling histochemical techniques were performed on control tongues and tongues kept in short-term organotypic culture to induce @entity0 . Cell bodies of intrinsic microganglia and their periarterial axons contained, simultaneously, NO synthase, vasoactive intestinal peptide and the @entity2 -synthesizing enzyme @entity3 acetyltransferase. Additionally, @entity4 (NPY) was observed in a small percentage (12%) of neurons that increased to 39% after 36 h of organotypic culture. The CO synthesizing enzyme heme oxygenase-2 was detected only in perikarya but not in periarterial axons. Intrinsic vasodilator fibres were invariably present at arteries down to a luminal diameter of 150 microm, and reached 65% of section profiles of smallest arterioles, while noradrenergic and substance P-positive axons reached 80% of arteriolar profiles. These findings show that the intrinsic lingual vasodilator innervation of the @entity1 is far extending although slightly less developed than that by sensory and sympathetic axons, and differs both in this aspect and in patterns of colocalization from that reported for other organs, e.g. lung and pelvic organs.

title: Quantitative immunohistochemical investigation of the intrinsic vasodilator innervation of the XXXX lingual artery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim is to determine the clinical correlates of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) by examining its impact on cognition, functional status, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and caregiver burden. METHODS: The study involved 75 @entity0 with @entity1 and their caregivers. @entity0 and caregivers underwent a comprehensive evaluation including the Clinical @entity3 Rating, memory tests, and the Functional Assessment Questionnaire. Behavioral symptoms were assessed by the Neuropsychiatric Inventory, caregiver burden by the Zarit Burden Inventory, and insight by comparing self-report on the @entity5 @entity3 screening tool to informant collateral. @entity0 were asked about their perceptions of their memory, and answers were compared with informants' responses. @entity0 mood was assessed with the @entity4 Scale. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in @entity5 scores among @entity0 who retained versus lacked insight. Zarit Burden Inventory scores showed a significant rise as @entity0 insight declined; the burden appeared greater on spouse versus non-spouse caregivers. @entity0 with poor insight had significantly worse ratings in Clinical @entity3 Rating domains of personal care and judgment, while @entity0 who retained insight had significantly higher @entity4 and @entity2 . Insight impairment was associated with worse caregiver mood. CONCLUSIONS: Decreased @entity0 awareness for cognitive problems was significantly associated with higher caregiver burden, independent of neuropsychiatric symptoms, functional abilities, and cognition. Personal care, judgment, and problem-solving skills could contribute to caregiver burden. Increased awareness seemed a source of @entity0 @entity4 and @entity2 . The research highlights the need to focus on the needs of @entity1 caregivers and to incorporate psychosocial assessments of caregiver- @entity0 dyads into office visits.

title: Anosognosia increases caregiver burden in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We used the @entity0 placental conditioned medium stimulated single layer agar culture technique to study the in vitro growth of marrow cells from 62 adult @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Bone marrow cells were cultured from 50 @entity0 at the time of initial diagnosis, 19 @entity0 in early remission and 20 @entity0 during their full complete remission. @entity1 from untreated @entity0 exhibited heterogeneous growth patterns ranging from complete growth failure to excessive microcluster formation. We classified the growth patterns into 4 groups: (1) Gr I: normal growth, (2) Gr II: no growth, (3) Gr III: @entity2 , (4) Gr IV: excessive growth of microclusters. At presentation, none had Gr I growth; Gr II growth was observed in 23; Gr III in 14 and Gr IV in 13. A predominance of no growth were seen in M1 and M3 subtypes, while Gr IV growth was more commonly observed in M2 or M4 subtype. We were unable to correlate the culture findings with age or white cell count. The present results not only indicated that @entity3 at diagnosis was characterized by abnormal granulopoiesis but also demonstrated that leukemic progenitor cells were heterogeneous with different capacities to express their proliferating potential in vitro. Except few with @entity2 , the growth characteristics generally returned to normal with successful remission induction. Both Gr II and Gr IV growth patterns were not observed either in early remission or during full complete remission.

title: Marrow culture studies in adult XXXX at diagnosis and during complete remission.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Fibrinolysis may be impaired in @entity1 @entity0 . 20 @entity1 @entity0 and 10 control subjects were examined for @entity3 activity, @entity3 antigen, fast @entity3 inhibitor and other fibrinolytic and haemostatic parameters including antigenic and functional protein C. Both @entity0 and control groups were similar in age and smoking habits. All of these @entity0 had a @entity2 between 1-3 months before this study. Assays were evaluated before and after an exercise test. Prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, protein C, plasminogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin, @entity4 /fibrin degradation products and contact-activated fibrinolysis were similar before and after exercise in both groups. Fibrinolytic activity assayed by the euglobulin lysis time and fibrin-plate lysis methods was decreased in the @entity0 group as compared with the control group but the difference was not significant. In basal conditions, @entity3 activity was defective in 50% of the @entity1 @entity0 (p less than 0.01) and after exercise this percentage rose to 77% (p less than 0.01). However, @entity3 antigen in the @entity1 group was similar to that of the control group, both before and after exercise. The activity of the @entity3 inhibitor was persistently increased in @entity1 though this increase was not statistically significant. It is concluded that in @entity1 @entity0 there is a defective fibrinolytic activity probably due to an increase in @entity3 inhibitor.

title: Reduced fibrinolytic activity in XXXX in basal conditions and after exercise.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Studies on @entity1 angiogenesis and antiangiogenic therapies are commonly performed with @entity1 heterotransplants in @entity2 . To monitor therapeutic effects, improved noninvasive analyses of functional data are required, in addition to the assessment of @entity1 volume and histology. Here, we report on sequential monitoring of vascularization of @entity0 @entity4 growing as heterotransplants in @entity2 using MRI. Using a custom-developed animal coil in a conventional whole-body 1.5 T MRI scanner, dynamic T1w sequences were recorded after i.v. injection of @entity5 in @entity1 grown for 17, 21, 25, 29 and 33 days. Amplitude and the exchange rate constant (k(ep)) were calculated according to a 2-compartment model, discriminating intravascular and interstitial spaces, and correlated with @entity1 size and histology. High-resolution imaging of small heterotransplants from 100 to 1,000 mm(3) was achieved, clearly discriminating @entity3 . Preceding the development of @entity3 , which were hyperintense in T2w images and confirmed with histology, a local decrease of amplitude and k(ep) values was observed. Significantly higher amplitudes were found in @entity1 periphery than in central parts, correlating well with the vascular pattern obtained by immunocytochemistry. @entity1 size correlated negatively with amplitude, probably as a result of increasing necrotic areas, whereas the reason for the observed increase of k(ep) value with @entity1 size remains unclear. These data demonstrate that dynamic MRI is an excellent method for noninvasive assessment of @entity1 vascularization in small animals using a clinical whole-body scanner with little technical modifications. This technique provides functional data characterizing essential features of @entity1 biology and is thus appropriate for monitoring antiangiogenic therapies.

title: Dynamic T1-weighted monitoring of vascularization in XXXX carcinoma heterotransplants by magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the value of miniprobe sonography (MPS), spiral CT and MR imaging (MRI) in the @entity1 and regional lymph node staging of @entity2 . METHODS: Eight-six @entity0 (56 @entity0 and 30 @entity0 ; age range of 39-73 years, mean 62 years) with @entity2 were staged preoperatively with imaging modalities. Of them, 81 (94 %) had @entity4 , 4(5 %) @entity3 , and 1(1 %) adenoacanthoma. Eleven @entity0 (12 %) had @entity1 of the upper one third, 41 (48 %) of the mid-esophagus and 34 (40 %) of the distal one third. Forty-one were examined by spiral CT in whom 13 were co-examined by MPS, and forty-five by MRI in whom 18 were also co-examined by MPS. These imaging results were compared with the findings of the histopathologic examination for resected specimens. RESULTS: In staging the depth of @entity1 growth, MPS was significantly more accurate (84 %) than spiral CT and MRI (68 % and 60 %, respectively, P<0.05). The specificity and sensitivity were 82 % and 85 % for MPS; 60 % and 69 % for spiral CT; and 40 % and 63 % for MRI, respectively. In staging regional lymph nodes, spiral CT was more accurate (78 %) than MPS and MRI (71 % and 64 %, respectively), but the difference was not statistically significant. The specificity and sensitivity were 79 % and 77 % for spiral CT; 75 % and 68 % for MPS; and 68 % and 62 % for MRI, respectively. CONCLUSION: MPS is superior to spiral CT or MRI for T staging, especially in early @entity2 . However, the three modalities have the similar accuracy in N staging. Spiral CT or MRI is helpful for the detection of far-distance metastasis in @entity2 .

title: Preoperative XXXX : comparison of miniprobe ultrasonography, spiral CT and MRI.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficiency of @entity2 in closing tension-free incisions in out- @entity0 surgery compared with traditional suturing methods. @entity0 AND METHODS: A single, blind, clinical study was carried out on 60 @entity0 divided into two groups. Group 1 (n = 30) received one or two drops of @entity2 directly on the incision. Control (Group 2) (n = 32) received traditional nylon suturing. Both groups were evaluated after 21 days of incision closing. Statistical differences in baseline characteristics between study treatment groups were assessed with chi 2 and t tests. All p values are two-sided. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, gender, or incision length. Length of time for @entity1 to close was less in Group I, significant difference p < 0.0001. There was also a significant difference in aesthetics in Group I. There was no significant difference in any remaining variable, such as suture dehiscence and adequate border coaption. CONCLUSION: Our study showed @entity2 to be more efficient and advantageous in closing of incisions in out- @entity0 surgery than traditional suturing methods. Although we do not pretend to substitute these methods, we recommend the use of @entity2 in closing tension-free incisions in certain @entity0 following rules of usage and practiced by experts.

title: [ XXXX compared with traditional surgery in tension-free incision closure].

answer: @entity2


abstract: To determine the clinical significance of transient remote asynergy after the first @entity3 ( @entity3 ), 2-dimensional echocardiography was performed at rest and directly after dynamic exercise in 49 consecutive @entity0 within 3 weeks of @entity3 . In 43 @entity0 (88%), technically adequate 2-dimensional echocardiographic examinations were obtained. Asynergy was found in all @entity0 at rest. Immediately after exercise, new areas of asynergy, not adjacent to the infarcted area (i.e., transient remote asynergy), were present in 18 @entity0 . Of these @entity0 , 17 had multivessel @entity2 ( @entity2 ), compared with 5 of 25 @entity0 without transient remote asynergy. Sensitivity of transient remote asynergy for detecting multivessel @entity2 was 77% and specificity was 95%. Left ventricular ejection fraction at rest and after exercise was measured in 39 @entity0 (90%) and could only identify @entity0 with 3-vessel @entity2 . New @entity1 events, defined as reinfarction or recurrent @entity4 , within a mean of 12 weeks (range 8 to 16) after discharge, occurred in 16 @entity0 . Transient remote asynergy was present in 12 of these @entity0 (75%). It is concluded that exercise-induced transient remote asynergy early after @entity3 can identify @entity0 with multivessel @entity2 and a subgroup of @entity0 prone to early new @entity1 events. Left ventricular ejection fraction, however, is not only more laborious but also of lesser value in identifying @entity0 with multivessel @entity2 .

title: Usefulness of two-dimensional exercise echocardiography shortly after XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: An aqueous solution containing photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs), membrane scaffold proteins (MSPs), phospholipids, and single-walled @entity0 nanotubes (SWCNTs) solubilized with the surfactant @entity1 (SC) reversibly self-assembles into a highly ordered structure upon dialysis of the latter. The resulting structure is photoelectrochemically active and consists of 4-nm-thick lipid bilayer disks (nanodisks, NDs) arranged parallel to the surface of the SWCNT with the RC housed within the bilayer such that its hole injecting site faces the nanotube surface. The structure can be assembled and disassembled autonomously with the addition or removal of surfactant. We model the kinetic and thermodynamic forces that drive the dynamics of this reversible self-assembly process. The assembly is monitored using spectrofluorimetry during dialysis and subsequent surfactant addition and used to fit a kinetic model to determine the forward and reverse rate constants of @entity2 and @entity2 -SWCNT formation. The calculated @entity2 and @entity2 -SWCNT forward rate constants are 79 mM(-1) s(-1) and 5.4   10(2) mM(-1) s(-1), respectively, and the reverse rate constants are negligible over the dialysis time scale. We find that the reaction is not diffusion-controlled since the @entity2 -SWCNT reaction, which consists of entities with smaller diffusion coefficients, has a larger reaction rate constant. Using these rate parameters, we were able to develop a kinetic phase diagram for the formation of @entity2 -SWCNT complexes, which indicates an optimal dialysis rate of approximately 8   10(-4) s(-1). We also fit the model to cyclic @entity2 -SWCNT assembly and disassembly experiments and hence mimic the thermodynamic forces used in regeneration processes detailed previously. Such forces may form the basis of both synthetic and natural photoelectrochemical complexes capable of dynamic component replacement and repair.

title: Dynamic and reversible self-assembly of photoelectrochemical complexes based on lipid bilayer disks, photosynthetic reaction centers, and single-walled XXXX nanotubes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate efficacy and feasibility of chemo-radiotherapy in @entity0 with non-metastatic @entity12 . METHODS: TNM staged anal squamous-cell @entity1 @entity0 were treated with pelvic radiotherapy concomitant to continuous infusion @entity10 plus @entity7 for at least 2 cycles. In T3-T4 or any @entity1 or in "slow-responder" cases, 1-2 chemotherapy courses were subsequently administered. Tumour assessment was performed at baseline and 6-8 weeks after radiotherapy to evaluate response. RESULTS: 29 @entity0 were enrolled: 4 males, 25 females; median age 57 years; baseline T1/T2/T3/T4 2/12/7/8; N involvement 17. Median dose pelvic radiotherapy was 59.4 Gy (range: 54-74). In 5 @entity0 2 chemotherapy courses, in 12 @entity0 three and in 12 @entity0 four courses were performed. At first evaluation, 27 CR (93.1%; 95% CI: 78% - 98%) and 2 SD were observed. Main grade (G) 3 toxic events were @entity9 (8%), @entity4 (8%) and @entity14 (62%). Most frequent late events G3-G4 occurred in 14 @entity0 : @entity16 (5), @entity14 (4), @entity11 (2), @entity3 (9), lower extremity @entity8 (2), @entity15 (1), @entity6 (1) and tenesmus (1). Five @entity0 reported G1 leucopoenia. The rate of colostomy was 14%. After a median follow up of 42 months (range: 4-81), 20 @entity0 are still alive without relapse and 3 died due to @entity13 . The estimated 7-year DFS was 83.4% (C.I.: 68.3%-98.5%) and the estimated 7-year OS was 85.7% (C.I.: 70% - 100%). The 1-year and the estimated 7-year colostomy-free survivals were 85.9% (C.I.: 73.1% - 98.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent @entity7 plus @entity10 and radiotherapy is associated with favourable local control rates and acute @entity2 . Future investigations will be directed towards research into molecular biomarkers related to disease progression and resistance to chemo-radiotherapy and to the evaluation of new cytotoxic agents or targeted drugs, such as anti- @entity5 , concomitant to RT and to determining the role of intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

title: Concurrent XXXX , continuous infusion @entity10 and radiotherapy followed by tailored consolidation treatment in non metastatic anal squamous cell carcinoma.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate efficacy and feasibility of chemo-radiotherapy in @entity0 with non-metastatic @entity12 . METHODS: TNM staged anal squamous-cell @entity1 @entity0 were treated with pelvic radiotherapy concomitant to continuous infusion @entity10 plus @entity7 for at least 2 cycles. In T3-T4 or any @entity1 or in "slow-responder" cases, 1-2 chemotherapy courses were subsequently administered. Tumour assessment was performed at baseline and 6-8 weeks after radiotherapy to evaluate response. RESULTS: 29 @entity0 were enrolled: 4 males, 25 females; median age 57 years; baseline T1/T2/T3/T4 2/12/7/8; N involvement 17. Median dose pelvic radiotherapy was 59.4 Gy (range: 54-74). In 5 @entity0 2 chemotherapy courses, in 12 @entity0 three and in 12 @entity0 four courses were performed. At first evaluation, 27 CR (93.1%; 95% CI: 78% - 98%) and 2 SD were observed. Main grade (G) 3 toxic events were @entity9 (8%), @entity4 (8%) and @entity14 (62%). Most frequent late events G3-G4 occurred in 14 @entity0 : @entity16 (5), @entity14 (4), @entity11 (2), @entity3 (9), lower extremity @entity8 (2), @entity15 (1), @entity6 (1) and tenesmus (1). Five @entity0 reported G1 leucopoenia. The rate of colostomy was 14%. After a median follow up of 42 months (range: 4-81), 20 @entity0 are still alive without relapse and 3 died due to @entity13 . The estimated 7-year DFS was 83.4% (C.I.: 68.3%-98.5%) and the estimated 7-year OS was 85.7% (C.I.: 70% - 100%). The 1-year and the estimated 7-year colostomy-free survivals were 85.9% (C.I.: 73.1% - 98.7%). CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent @entity7 plus @entity10 and radiotherapy is associated with favourable local control rates and acute @entity2 . Future investigations will be directed towards research into molecular biomarkers related to disease progression and resistance to chemo-radiotherapy and to the evaluation of new cytotoxic agents or targeted drugs, such as anti- @entity5 , concomitant to RT and to determining the role of intensity-modulated radiotherapy.

title: Concurrent @entity7 , continuous infusion XXXX and radiotherapy followed by tailored consolidation treatment in non metastatic anal squamous cell carcinoma.

answer: @entity10


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bone matrix mineralization based on quantitative backscatter electron imaging remained unchanged during the first year of menopause in paired transiliac biopsy samples from healthy @entity0 . This suggests that the reported early perimenopausal reductions in @entity1 are caused by factors other than decreases in the degree of mineralization. INTRODUCTION: It is unknown whether perimenopausal loss of bone mass is associated with a drop in bone matrix mineralization. METHODS: For this purpose, we measured the bone mineralization density distribution (BMDD) by quantitative backscatter electron imaging (qBEI) in n   =   17 paired transiliac bone biopsy samples at premenopausal baseline and 12  months after last menses (obtained at average ages of 49        2 and 55        2  years, respectively) in healthy @entity0 . For interpretation of BMDD outcomes, previously measured @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and biochemical and histomorphometric markers of bone turnover were revisited for the present biopsy cohort. RESULTS: Menopause significantly decreased @entity1 at the lumbar spine (-4.5  %) and femoral neck (-3.8  %), increased the fasting urinary @entity3 / @entity4 ratio (+60  %, all p   <   0.01) and histomorphometric bone formation rate (+25  %, p   <   0.05), but affected neither cancellous nor cortical BMDD variables (paired comparison p   >   0.05). Mean @entity2 concentrations of cancellous (Cn.CaMean) and cortical bone (Ct.CaMean) were within normal range (p   >   0.05 compared to established reference data). Ct.CaMean was significantly correlated with Cn.CaMean before (R   =   0.81, p   <   0.001) and after menopause (R   =   0.80, p   <   0.001) and to cortical porosity of mineralized tissue (Ct.Po.) after menopause (R   =   -0.57, p   =   0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Surprisingly, the BMDD was found not affected by the changes in bone turnover rates in this cohort. This suggests that the substantial increase in bone formation rates took place shortly before the second biopsy, and the bone mineralization changes lag behind. We conclude that during the first year after the last menses, the degree of bone matrix mineralization is preserved and does not contribute to the observed reductions in @entity1 .

title: Bone matrix mineralization is preserved during early perimenopausal stage in healthy XXXX : a paired biopsy study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Two @entity0 -6 and 14 years old-with @entity6 are presented. Both developed a @entity5 from nodules located near to the foramen of Monro. They caused obstruction of the cerebrospinal fluid pathways. Signs of @entity4 were detected in both @entity0 , and one of them had also developed @entity3 . Cutaneous stigmata being characteristic for this entity were observed in both cases, but their mental development was unaffected. Diagnosis was based on computed tomography. Angiography did not reveal pathological vessels. The @entity1 were completely excised through transcallosal exposure in both cases. The @entity0 have been symptom-free during the follow-up time of 1 and 2 years. Although the incidence of malignant transformation of @entity6 is less than 15% the disease generally has a poor prognosis which can be ascribed to sudden increase of intracranial pressure caused by obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid pathways by paraventricular @entity1 . However, regular follow-up of paraventricular nodules and maintenance of patency of cerebrospinal fluid pathways by microsurgical methods in @entity0 suffering from mild @entity2 offers a better chance of survival.

title: Occlusive hydrocephalus complicating XXXX : report of two cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIM: Indications for sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) for @entity2 have expanded over the last decade. This report aims to determine the clinical outcome of the current use of SNS in the treatment of @entity2 . Its objective is also to review the most recent role of SNS in @entity0 with anal sphincter lesions. METHOD: The literature was searched using Medline and Cochrane databases. The search was restricted to publications in English. For the analysis, studies with <25 @entity0 were excluded. For SNS in @entity0 with @entity3 , all papers were included. RESULTS: Thirteen publications on the clinical outcome of SNS were included. Nine papers were identified reporting the application of SNS in @entity0 with a morphological @entity1 . The most common outcome measures of clinical efficacy were frequency of incontinence using the Cleveland Clinic Incontinence Score. All studies demonstrated highly improved function across all outcome measures and improvement was statistically significant in all. Outcomes remain stable at long-term follow up. In @entity0 with sphincteric gaps ranging from 17 to 180  , SNS was clinically effective at short-term follow up. The size of the gap appears to have no impact on outcome. CONCLUSION: SNS has evolved to become a clinical efficient therapy applicable across a wide spectrum of causes of @entity2 with reproducible results. SNS can be considered to be an essential part of the current surgical treatment algorithm for @entity2 .

title: Sacral nerve stimulation for XXXX : its role in the treatment algorithm.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The 13762A @entity2 mammary @entity5 is weakly immunogenic and spontaneously metastasizes to regional lymph nodes and lungs. A clone (18A) was isolated from the parental @entity1 , which grew for 3 weeks in normal F344 @entity2 , forming @entity1 up to 2-3 cm and some nodal @entity0 , and then completely regressed. Pretreatment of recipient @entity2 with 450 rad permitted progressive growth and @entity4 due to @entity0 . The behavior of 18A has been stable during a period of 120 days in continuous culture or for 6 in vivo passages in irradiated @entity2 . Regression of 18A was associated with intense @entity1 mononuclear leukocytic infiltration, whereas parental @entity1 of the same size recruited few leukocytes. @entity6 occurred when 18A cells were placed intradermally, sc, or im, but iv injections were not rejected. Parental @entity1 grew progressively at all sites. Regressor @entity2 were specifically immune to challenge with both 18A and parental @entity1 but not to an unrelated @entity3 (R3230AC). Irradiated 18A @entity1 cell vaccines protected recipients against challenge with parental @entity1 , but similar vaccines of irradiated parental @entity1 cells were ineffective. The systemic adoptive transfer of immune lymphocytes more strongly inhibited the growth of established (7 days) 18A than parental @entity1 . It was concluded that the parental 13762A @entity1 contained stable variants that were significantly more immunogenic and more susceptible to immune attack than the parental @entity1 . Such variant @entity1 lines may be useful in the study of the host response to @entity0 .

title: Increased immunogenicity of a spontaneous variant clone of the 13762A @entity2 mammary XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The 13762A @entity2 mammary @entity5 is weakly immunogenic and spontaneously metastasizes to regional lymph nodes and lungs. A clone (18A) was isolated from the parental @entity1 , which grew for 3 weeks in normal F344 @entity2 , forming @entity1 up to 2-3 cm and some nodal @entity0 , and then completely regressed. Pretreatment of recipient @entity2 with 450 rad permitted progressive growth and @entity4 due to @entity0 . The behavior of 18A has been stable during a period of 120 days in continuous culture or for 6 in vivo passages in irradiated @entity2 . Regression of 18A was associated with intense @entity1 mononuclear leukocytic infiltration, whereas parental @entity1 of the same size recruited few leukocytes. @entity6 occurred when 18A cells were placed intradermally, sc, or im, but iv injections were not rejected. Parental @entity1 grew progressively at all sites. Regressor @entity2 were specifically immune to challenge with both 18A and parental @entity1 but not to an unrelated @entity3 (R3230AC). Irradiated 18A @entity1 cell vaccines protected recipients against challenge with parental @entity1 , but similar vaccines of irradiated parental @entity1 cells were ineffective. The systemic adoptive transfer of immune lymphocytes more strongly inhibited the growth of established (7 days) 18A than parental @entity1 . It was concluded that the parental 13762A @entity1 contained stable variants that were significantly more immunogenic and more susceptible to immune attack than the parental @entity1 . Such variant @entity1 lines may be useful in the study of the host response to @entity0 .

title: Increased immunogenicity of a spontaneous variant clone of the 13762A XXXX mammary @entity5 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the effects of the crosslinking agent @entity4 (CA) on differentiation of @entity0 dental pulp cells (hDPCs) cultured in a collagen hydrogel, which may be useful as a scaffold for regenerative endodontic therapy. METHODOLOGY: The odontogenic potential of hDPCs exposed to CA was examined using @entity2 ( @entity2 ) activity, @entity3 staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction for odontogenic gene expression. The morphological features of hDPCs cultured in CA-treated collagen were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Determination of cell numbers for evaluating proliferation was assessed by optical and fluorescence microscopy. To assess the mechanical properties of collagen treated with CA, setting time, compressive strength, and surface roughness were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test compared with control (P = 0.05). RESULTS: CA per se did not increase @entity2 activity, @entity1 nodule formation, and expression of odontogenic-related markers (P > 0.05). On the contrary, the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs cultured in a collagen scaffold was promoted in the presence of CA (P < 0.05). The setting time was significantly shortened, and the compressive strength and surface roughness were increased by treatment with CA (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Crosslinking of collagen scaffolds by CA had beneficial effects with respect to attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of hDPCs. Consequently, the application of crosslinking agents such as CA may represent a new strategy for dentine-pulp complex regeneration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Behaviour of @entity0 dental pulp cells cultured in a collagen hydrogel scaffold crosslinked with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: To investigate the effects of the crosslinking agent @entity4 (CA) on differentiation of @entity0 dental pulp cells (hDPCs) cultured in a collagen hydrogel, which may be useful as a scaffold for regenerative endodontic therapy. METHODOLOGY: The odontogenic potential of hDPCs exposed to CA was examined using @entity2 ( @entity2 ) activity, @entity3 staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction for odontogenic gene expression. The morphological features of hDPCs cultured in CA-treated collagen were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. Determination of cell numbers for evaluating proliferation was assessed by optical and fluorescence microscopy. To assess the mechanical properties of collagen treated with CA, setting time, compressive strength, and surface roughness were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test compared with control (P = 0.05). RESULTS: CA per se did not increase @entity2 activity, @entity1 nodule formation, and expression of odontogenic-related markers (P > 0.05). On the contrary, the proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of hDPCs cultured in a collagen scaffold was promoted in the presence of CA (P < 0.05). The setting time was significantly shortened, and the compressive strength and surface roughness were increased by treatment with CA (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Crosslinking of collagen scaffolds by CA had beneficial effects with respect to attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of hDPCs. Consequently, the application of crosslinking agents such as CA may represent a new strategy for dentine-pulp complex regeneration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Behaviour of XXXX dental pulp cells cultured in a collagen hydrogel scaffold crosslinked with @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lower-limb function is severely impaired after sacral @entity1 . Nerve transfer is a useful reconstructive technique for @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effectiveness and safety of transferring the ipsilateral obturator nerve to the branch of the tibial nerve innervating the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle to recover knee and ankle flexion. METHODS: From 2007 to 2011, 5 @entity0 with sacral @entity1 underwent ipsilateral obturator nerve transfer as part of a strategy for surgical reconstruction of their plexuses. The mean @entity0 age was 31.4 years (range, 19-45 years), and the mean interval from injury to surgery was 5.8 months (range, 3-8 months). The anterior branch of the obturator nerve was coapted to the branch of the tibial nerve innervating the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle by autogenous nerve grafting. RESULTS: @entity0 follow-up ranged from 24 to 38 months. There were no complications related to the surgery. Three @entity0 recovered to Medical Research Council grade 3 or better in the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle. Thigh adduction function was not affected in any @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Knee and ankle flexion can be achieved by transferring the anterior branch of the obturator nerve to the branch of the tibial nerve innervating the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle, which is useful for balance. This procedure can be used as a new method for treating sacral @entity1 . ABBREVIATION: MRC, Medical Research Council.

title: Obturator Nerve Transfer to the Branch of the Tibial Nerve Innervating the Gastrocnemius Muscle for the Treatment of Sacral XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with symptomatic @entity6 are characterized by older age, male gender, white race, @entity3 , @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity5 . Whether these characteristics differ in @entity0 with asymptomatic @entity6 is unknown. METHODS: All potential kidney donors who underwent protocol computed tomography angiograms/urograms (2000-08) at the Mayo Clinic were identified. @entity1 , including @entity6 , were assessed radiographically. Comorbidities, including past symptomatic @entity6 , were abstracted from the medical record. Characteristics of @entity0 with and without radiographic stones were compared. Stone burden among @entity0 with and without past symptomatic stones was compared. RESULTS: Among 1957 potential kidney donors, 3% had past symptomatic stones and 11% had radiographic stones (10% had only asymptomatic radiographic stones). Asymptomatic stone formers were more likely to be of white race, have low urine volumes and have radiographic findings of renal parenchymal thinning, focal @entity1 , @entity10 and @entity1 . Asymptomatic stone formers were not characterized by older age, male gender, @entity3 , @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity1 , @entity8 , @entity7 or @entity9 . Among @entity0 with radiographic stones, those with past symptomatic stones had a slightly higher number of stones (mean 2.7 versus 2.4; P = 0.04), but a much greater diameter for the largest stone (mean 4.8 versus 1.6 mm; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Asymptomatic kidney stone formers have different demographic characteristics and many lack the comorbidities that have been described in @entity0 with symptomatic @entity6 . These findings suggest that different pathophysiologic mechanisms could be involved in asymptomatic stone formation versus symptomatic stone passage.

title: Clinical characteristics of potential kidney donors with asymptomatic XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Ten years ago it was widely expected that the genetic basis of @entity1 would be resolved by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), large-scale studies in which the entire genome is covered by genetic markers. However, the bulk of heritable variance remains unexplained. The authors consider several alternative research strategies. For instance, whereas it has been hypothesized that a @entity1 is associated primarily with common genetic variants, it is now plausible that multiple rare variants each have a potent effect on disease risk and that they could accumulate to become a substantial component of @entity1 risk. This idea has become more appealing since the discovery that copy number variants (CNVs) are a substantial source of @entity0 mutations and are associated with multiple common diseases. CNVs are structural genomic variants consisting of microinsertions, microdeletions, and transpositions in the @entity0 genome. It has been argued that numerous rare CNVs are plausible causes of a substantial proportion of @entity1 , and rare CNVs have been found to be potent risk factors in @entity2 and @entity3 . Another approach is to "parse the genome," i.e., reanalyze subsets of current GWAS data, since the noise inherent in genome-wide approaches may be hiding valid associations. Lastly, technological advances and declining costs may allow large-scale genome-wide sequencing that would comprehensively identify all genetic variants. Study groups even larger than the 10,000 subjects in current meta-analyses would be required, but the outcomes may lead to resolution of our current dilemma in common diseases: Where is the missing heritability?

title: After GWAS: searching for genetic risk for XXXX and bipolar disorder.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The definition of self and others can be regarded as embodying the two dimensions of autonomy and relatedness. Autonomy and relatedness are two basic @entity0 needs and cultural constructs at the same time. This implies that they may be differently defined yet remain equally important. The respective understanding of autonomy and relatedness is socialized during the everyday experiences of daily life routines from birth on. In this paper, two developmental pathways are portrayed that emphasize different conceptions of autonomy and relatedness that are adaptive in two different environmental contexts with very different affordances and constraints. Western middle-class @entity0 are socialized towards psychological autonomy, i.e. the primacy of own intentions, wishes, individual preferences and emotions affording a definition of relatedness as @entity1 construct. Non-Western subsistence farmer @entity0 are socialized towards hierarchical relatedness, i.e. positioning oneself into the hierarchical structure of a communal system affording a definition of autonomy as action oriented, based on responsibility and obligations. Infancy can be regarded as a cultural lens through which to study the different socialization agendas. Parenting strategies that aim at supporting these different socialization goals in German and @entity2 -American parents on the one hand and Nso farmers from North Western Cameroon on the other hand are described. It is concluded that different pathways need to be considered in order to understand @entity0 psychology from a global perspective.

title: XXXX as organizers of developmental pathways.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Residues comprising the @entity7 -binding sites of the a subunits of heterotrimeric (large) G-proteins ( @entity10 subunits), as well as the Ras-related (small) G-proteins, are highly conserved. This is especially the case for the @entity2 -binding loop (P-loop) where both @entity10 subunits and Ras-related G-proteins have a conserved @entity1 or @entity3 residue. Substitutions for this residue in Ras and related (small) G-proteins yield @entity0 -depleted, dominant-negative mutants. Here we have examined the consequences of changing the conserved @entity1 residue in the P-loop to @entity4 , within a chimeric @entity10 subunit (designated aT*) that is mainly comprised of the a subunit of the retinal G-protein transducin and a limited region from the a subunit of Gi1. The aT*( @entity11 ) mutant exhibits a significantly higher rate of intrinsic @entity5 - @entity6 exchange compared with wild-type aT*, with light-activated @entity9 (R*) causing only a moderate increase in the kinetics of @entity0 exchange on aT*( @entity11 ). The aT*( @entity11 ) mutant, when bound to either @entity5 or @entity6 , was able to significantly slow the rate of R*-catalyzed @entity5 - @entity6 exchange on wild-type aT*. Thus, @entity6 -bound aT*( @entity11 ), as well as the @entity5 -bound mutant, is capable of forming a stable complex with R*. aT*( @entity11 ) activated the @entity8 phosphodiesterase (PDE) with a dose-response similar to wild-type aT*. Activation of the PDE by aT*( @entity11 ) was unaffected if either R* or b1y1 alone was present, whereas it was inhibited when R* and the b1y1 subunit were added together. Overall, our studies suggest that the @entity11 substitution on aT* stabilizes an intermediate on the G-protein activation pathway consisting of an activated G-protein-coupled receptor, a @entity6 -bound @entity10 subunit, and the b1y1 complex.

title: A dominant-negative @entity10 mutant that traps a stable XXXX - @entity10 - @entity6 -betagamma complex.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Residues comprising the @entity7 -binding sites of the a subunits of heterotrimeric (large) G-proteins ( @entity10 subunits), as well as the Ras-related (small) G-proteins, are highly conserved. This is especially the case for the @entity2 -binding loop (P-loop) where both @entity10 subunits and Ras-related G-proteins have a conserved @entity1 or @entity3 residue. Substitutions for this residue in Ras and related (small) G-proteins yield @entity0 -depleted, dominant-negative mutants. Here we have examined the consequences of changing the conserved @entity1 residue in the P-loop to @entity4 , within a chimeric @entity10 subunit (designated aT*) that is mainly comprised of the a subunit of the retinal G-protein transducin and a limited region from the a subunit of Gi1. The aT*( @entity11 ) mutant exhibits a significantly higher rate of intrinsic @entity5 - @entity6 exchange compared with wild-type aT*, with light-activated @entity9 (R*) causing only a moderate increase in the kinetics of @entity0 exchange on aT*( @entity11 ). The aT*( @entity11 ) mutant, when bound to either @entity5 or @entity6 , was able to significantly slow the rate of R*-catalyzed @entity5 - @entity6 exchange on wild-type aT*. Thus, @entity6 -bound aT*( @entity11 ), as well as the @entity5 -bound mutant, is capable of forming a stable complex with R*. aT*( @entity11 ) activated the @entity8 phosphodiesterase (PDE) with a dose-response similar to wild-type aT*. Activation of the PDE by aT*( @entity11 ) was unaffected if either R* or b1y1 alone was present, whereas it was inhibited when R* and the b1y1 subunit were added together. Overall, our studies suggest that the @entity11 substitution on aT* stabilizes an intermediate on the G-protein activation pathway consisting of an activated G-protein-coupled receptor, a @entity6 -bound @entity10 subunit, and the b1y1 complex.

title: A dominant-negative @entity10 mutant that traps a stable @entity9 - @entity10 - XXXX -betagamma complex.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Residues comprising the @entity7 -binding sites of the a subunits of heterotrimeric (large) G-proteins ( @entity10 subunits), as well as the Ras-related (small) G-proteins, are highly conserved. This is especially the case for the @entity2 -binding loop (P-loop) where both @entity10 subunits and Ras-related G-proteins have a conserved @entity1 or @entity3 residue. Substitutions for this residue in Ras and related (small) G-proteins yield @entity0 -depleted, dominant-negative mutants. Here we have examined the consequences of changing the conserved @entity1 residue in the P-loop to @entity4 , within a chimeric @entity10 subunit (designated aT*) that is mainly comprised of the a subunit of the retinal G-protein transducin and a limited region from the a subunit of Gi1. The aT*( @entity11 ) mutant exhibits a significantly higher rate of intrinsic @entity5 - @entity6 exchange compared with wild-type aT*, with light-activated @entity9 (R*) causing only a moderate increase in the kinetics of @entity0 exchange on aT*( @entity11 ). The aT*( @entity11 ) mutant, when bound to either @entity5 or @entity6 , was able to significantly slow the rate of R*-catalyzed @entity5 - @entity6 exchange on wild-type aT*. Thus, @entity6 -bound aT*( @entity11 ), as well as the @entity5 -bound mutant, is capable of forming a stable complex with R*. aT*( @entity11 ) activated the @entity8 phosphodiesterase (PDE) with a dose-response similar to wild-type aT*. Activation of the PDE by aT*( @entity11 ) was unaffected if either R* or b1y1 alone was present, whereas it was inhibited when R* and the b1y1 subunit were added together. Overall, our studies suggest that the @entity11 substitution on aT* stabilizes an intermediate on the G-protein activation pathway consisting of an activated G-protein-coupled receptor, a @entity6 -bound @entity10 subunit, and the b1y1 complex.

title: A dominant-negative XXXX mutant that traps a stable @entity9 - @entity10 - @entity6 -betagamma complex.

answer: @entity10


abstract: Residues comprising the @entity7 -binding sites of the a subunits of heterotrimeric (large) G-proteins ( @entity10 subunits), as well as the Ras-related (small) G-proteins, are highly conserved. This is especially the case for the @entity2 -binding loop (P-loop) where both @entity10 subunits and Ras-related G-proteins have a conserved @entity1 or @entity3 residue. Substitutions for this residue in Ras and related (small) G-proteins yield @entity0 -depleted, dominant-negative mutants. Here we have examined the consequences of changing the conserved @entity1 residue in the P-loop to @entity4 , within a chimeric @entity10 subunit (designated aT*) that is mainly comprised of the a subunit of the retinal G-protein transducin and a limited region from the a subunit of Gi1. The aT*( @entity11 ) mutant exhibits a significantly higher rate of intrinsic @entity5 - @entity6 exchange compared with wild-type aT*, with light-activated @entity9 (R*) causing only a moderate increase in the kinetics of @entity0 exchange on aT*( @entity11 ). The aT*( @entity11 ) mutant, when bound to either @entity5 or @entity6 , was able to significantly slow the rate of R*-catalyzed @entity5 - @entity6 exchange on wild-type aT*. Thus, @entity6 -bound aT*( @entity11 ), as well as the @entity5 -bound mutant, is capable of forming a stable complex with R*. aT*( @entity11 ) activated the @entity8 phosphodiesterase (PDE) with a dose-response similar to wild-type aT*. Activation of the PDE by aT*( @entity11 ) was unaffected if either R* or b1y1 alone was present, whereas it was inhibited when R* and the b1y1 subunit were added together. Overall, our studies suggest that the @entity11 substitution on aT* stabilizes an intermediate on the G-protein activation pathway consisting of an activated G-protein-coupled receptor, a @entity6 -bound @entity10 subunit, and the b1y1 complex.

title: A dominant-negative @entity10 mutant that traps a stable @entity9 - XXXX - @entity6 -betagamma complex.

answer: @entity10