abstract: Nonspecific uptake of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies in normal tissues is a significant problem for @entity1 imaging. A potential means of decreasing nonspecific antibody binding is to "blockade" nonspecific antibody binding sites by predosing with cold, nonspecific isotype-matched antibody, before injecting specific antibody. Nontumor-specific murine monoclonal antibody LK2H10 ( @entity4 ) or Ab-1 ( @entity5 ) was given i.v. at doses of 0 to 3.5 mg to @entity2 with xenografts of @entity0 @entity3 . These @entity2 were then given i.v. 4 micrograms of 131I anti-high molecular weight antigen of @entity3 (HMWMAA) monoclonal antibody 763.24T ( @entity4 ) or 225.28S ( @entity5 ), respectively. These @entity2 were also given a tracer dose of 125I LK2H10 or Ab-1, respectively. Specific @entity1 uptake of anti-HMWMAA antibodies was see in all cases. No drop in @entity1 or nontumor uptake was demonstrated for either of the @entity1 -specific or nonspecific monoclonal antibodies due to nonspecific monoclonal antibody pretreatment. These data suggest that high doses of isotype-matched unlabeled nonspecific monoclonal antibody given before 131I @entity1 -specific monoclonal antibody, will not enhance @entity1 imaging.

title: High-dose, unlabeled, nonspecific antibody pretreatment: influence on specific antibody localization to @entity0 XXXX xenografts.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Nonspecific uptake of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies in normal tissues is a significant problem for @entity1 imaging. A potential means of decreasing nonspecific antibody binding is to "blockade" nonspecific antibody binding sites by predosing with cold, nonspecific isotype-matched antibody, before injecting specific antibody. Nontumor-specific murine monoclonal antibody LK2H10 ( @entity4 ) or Ab-1 ( @entity5 ) was given i.v. at doses of 0 to 3.5 mg to @entity2 with xenografts of @entity0 @entity3 . These @entity2 were then given i.v. 4 micrograms of 131I anti-high molecular weight antigen of @entity3 (HMWMAA) monoclonal antibody 763.24T ( @entity4 ) or 225.28S ( @entity5 ), respectively. These @entity2 were also given a tracer dose of 125I LK2H10 or Ab-1, respectively. Specific @entity1 uptake of anti-HMWMAA antibodies was see in all cases. No drop in @entity1 or nontumor uptake was demonstrated for either of the @entity1 -specific or nonspecific monoclonal antibodies due to nonspecific monoclonal antibody pretreatment. These data suggest that high doses of isotype-matched unlabeled nonspecific monoclonal antibody given before 131I @entity1 -specific monoclonal antibody, will not enhance @entity1 imaging.

title: High-dose, unlabeled, nonspecific antibody pretreatment: influence on specific antibody localization to XXXX @entity3 xenografts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity3 during pregnancy (LBPP) in an Australian population. DESIGN: A representative population-based survey of @entity0 aged 15 years and older. SETTING AND SAMPLE: Four thousand four hundred randomly selected South Australian households were visited by trained surveyors who interviewed 1531 @entity0 (69.7% response rate) using pre-tested questions. METHODS: The South Australian Health Omnibus survey was utilised. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic data were collected along with details of previous pregnancies, and degree of @entity2 during pregnancy treatment regimens, and persistence of @entity2 . RESULTS: Thirty-five and a half per cent of @entity0 recall having at least moderately severe @entity2 during pregnancy. @entity0 who reported such @entity2 were younger, were more likely to report ill health and be unemployed. Increasing parity was not associated with current @entity2 . The most commonly used treatments were bed rest, @entity1 killing medication, physiotherapy, and chiropractic treatment. Half of those with symptoms were untreated. Sixty-eight per cent of @entity0 who experienced moderate or worse @entity3 during pregnancy continued to experience recurring @entity3 with a self reported reduction in their health. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is commonly associated with an onset in pregnancy subjectively contributing to long-term morbidity The high prevalence may be an underestimate in view of the potential for recall bias in older @entity0 .

title: The prevalence of recalled XXXX during and after pregnancy: a South Australian population survey.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The biologic and clinical heterogeneity of the various subtypes of @entity3 is related to differences in morphologic, immunologic, and kinetic properties. Comprehensive studies characterizing these features in @entity2 have yet to be reported. We recently studied 27 effusion specimens from 26 @entity0 with clinically suspected or confirmed @entity1 . Wright-Giemsa- and Papanicolaou-stained cytologic preparations, @entity6 orange nucleic acid flow cytometry, and immunoperoxidase staining of cell suspensions using antibodies to a battery of T and B cell markers were evaluated and compared with prior histologic accessions. Specimens were classified by cytologic characteristics according to the International Working Formulation Scheme and by @entity6 orange nucleic acid flow cytometry using the parameters of DNA, RNA, and proliferative activity. Correlation of the cytometric and morphologic data demonstrated that with increasing cytologic grade of @entity1 , the proliferative activity increased progressively and distinguished between grades (P less than 0.01). Immunologic studies identified B cell phenotype in 16 specimens, T cell in three, and true @entity5 in one; one @entity1 had no cell markers (null cell). Six effusions proved to be inflammatory and reactive according to surface marker studies. Classification by cytologic characteristics showed good correlation with histologic classification performed previously. Immunologic study of cytologic specimens gave results identical to those achieved by frozen-section immunohistologic examination. Thus, immunologic and cytometric parameters can be readily performed on effusion specimens and @entity4 in the diagnosis and classification of @entity1 .

title: A morphologic, immunologic, and cytometric approach to the classification of XXXX in effusions.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine whether @entity5 or treatment of @entity3 affects the risk of @entity0 . Subjects aged 35-64 years were @entity1 in the National Institute of @entity1 Health and @entity1 Development @entity1 's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study, a population-based, case-control study of @entity0 that was carried out at five sites in the United States. In- @entity1 interviews were completed for 4575 @entity1 (cases) with @entity0 (2953 white and 1622 black) and 4682 control @entity1 (3021 white and 1661 black). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multiple logistic regression methods. Models included adjustment for age (5-year age groups), race ( @entity2 ), and site. A history of any @entity5 (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.9-1.2) was not associated with @entity0 risk. Only @entity1 with a history of @entity4 had an increased risk, but this was restricted to parous @entity1 (parous OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.5-8.1; nulliparous OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.04-5.1). @entity0 risk was not associated with treatment for @entity5 . There was no statistical interaction between @entity5 , thyroid treatments, and race, menopausal status, or parity. We found no association between @entity5 or their associated treatments and the risk of @entity0 .

title: Do @entity5 increase the risk of XXXX ?

answer: @entity0


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine whether @entity5 or treatment of @entity3 affects the risk of @entity0 . Subjects aged 35-64 years were @entity1 in the National Institute of @entity1 Health and @entity1 Development @entity1 's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study, a population-based, case-control study of @entity0 that was carried out at five sites in the United States. In- @entity1 interviews were completed for 4575 @entity1 (cases) with @entity0 (2953 white and 1622 black) and 4682 control @entity1 (3021 white and 1661 black). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multiple logistic regression methods. Models included adjustment for age (5-year age groups), race ( @entity2 ), and site. A history of any @entity5 (OR = 1.1, 95% CI = 0.9-1.2) was not associated with @entity0 risk. Only @entity1 with a history of @entity4 had an increased risk, but this was restricted to parous @entity1 (parous OR = 3.4, 95% CI = 1.5-8.1; nulliparous OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.04-5.1). @entity0 risk was not associated with treatment for @entity5 . There was no statistical interaction between @entity5 , thyroid treatments, and race, menopausal status, or parity. We found no association between @entity5 or their associated treatments and the risk of @entity0 .

title: Do XXXX increase the risk of @entity0 ?

answer: @entity5


abstract: The frequency at which the genes responsible for capsule biosynthesis occurred in field isolates of @entity3 was determined. Of the two genotypes detected (hasABC and hasC), the capsular genotype (hasABC) was more common. This genotype was present at a higher frequency in a population isolated from @entity1 cases than in a population isolated from @entity0 bedding. The virulence of a mutant strain of @entity3 (TRF0-6) that lacked the ability to produce a @entity2 capsule due to an insertion within its single copy of hasA (P. N. Ward, T. R. Field, W. G. F. Ditcham, E. Maguin, and J. A. Leigh, Infect. Immun. 69:392-399, 2001) was compared to that of the capsular parental strain (0140J). Strains TRF0-6 and 0140J infected all mammary gland quarters following experimental challenge. The wild type and the mutant induced overt signs of disease in four out of four and in six out of eight mammary gland quarters, respectively. Both the wild type and the hasA mutant were resistant to killing by @entity0 neutrophils following cultivation in @entity0 milk. The ability to withstand the bactericidal action of neutrophils following growth in milk was therefore independent of the capsule and coincided with the ability of supernatants from such cultures to prevent the bactericidal action of neutrophils. This investigation revealed that, in the absence of the capsule, @entity3 is able to withstand the bactericidal effect of @entity0 neutrophils and induce @entity1 in dairy @entity0 .

title: The hyaluronic acid capsule of XXXX is not required for the development of infection and clinical @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The frequency at which the genes responsible for capsule biosynthesis occurred in field isolates of @entity3 was determined. Of the two genotypes detected (hasABC and hasC), the capsular genotype (hasABC) was more common. This genotype was present at a higher frequency in a population isolated from @entity1 cases than in a population isolated from @entity0 bedding. The virulence of a mutant strain of @entity3 (TRF0-6) that lacked the ability to produce a @entity2 capsule due to an insertion within its single copy of hasA (P. N. Ward, T. R. Field, W. G. F. Ditcham, E. Maguin, and J. A. Leigh, Infect. Immun. 69:392-399, 2001) was compared to that of the capsular parental strain (0140J). Strains TRF0-6 and 0140J infected all mammary gland quarters following experimental challenge. The wild type and the mutant induced overt signs of disease in four out of four and in six out of eight mammary gland quarters, respectively. Both the wild type and the hasA mutant were resistant to killing by @entity0 neutrophils following cultivation in @entity0 milk. The ability to withstand the bactericidal action of neutrophils following growth in milk was therefore independent of the capsule and coincided with the ability of supernatants from such cultures to prevent the bactericidal action of neutrophils. This investigation revealed that, in the absence of the capsule, @entity3 is able to withstand the bactericidal effect of @entity0 neutrophils and induce @entity1 in dairy @entity0 .

title: The hyaluronic acid capsule of @entity3 is not required for the development of infection and clinical XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: T cells in the Peyer's patches (PP) of the @entity0 ileum are exposed to a myriad of dietary and bacterial Ags from the gut lumen. Recall proliferative responses to common dietary @entity7 are readily demonstrable by PP T cells from healthy individuals, and the cytokine response is dominated by @entity2 . Consistent with @entity3 skewing, PP cells spontaneously secrete IL-12p70, and IL-12p40 protein can be visualized underneath the PP dome epithelium. In this study, we have analyzed IL-12 signaling in PP and investigated whether IL-12 plays a functional role. CD3+ T lymphocytes isolated from PP and adjacent ileal mucosa spontaneously secrete @entity2 with negligible @entity4 or @entity1 . RNA transcripts for IL-12Rbeta2, the signaling component of the IL-12R, are present in purified CD4+ and CD8+ T PP lymphocytes. Active @entity5 , a transcription factor essential for IL-12-mediated @entity3 differentiation, is readily detectable in biopsies from PP and ileal mucosa and @entity5 -DNA binding activity is demonstrable by EMSA. Nuclear proteins from CD3+ T PP lymphocytes contain @entity5 and @entity6 , a transcription factor selectively expressed in @entity3 cells. Stimulation of freshly isolated PP cells with staphylococcal enterotoxin B dramatically enhanced the production of @entity2 , an effect which was largely inhibited by neutralizing anti-IL-12 Ab. These data show that IL-12 in @entity0 PP is likely to be responsible for the @entity3 -dominated cytokine response of the @entity0 mucosal immune system.

title: Activated XXXX and a functional role for IL-12 in @entity0 Peyer's patches.

answer: @entity5


abstract: T cells in the Peyer's patches (PP) of the @entity0 ileum are exposed to a myriad of dietary and bacterial Ags from the gut lumen. Recall proliferative responses to common dietary @entity7 are readily demonstrable by PP T cells from healthy individuals, and the cytokine response is dominated by @entity2 . Consistent with @entity3 skewing, PP cells spontaneously secrete IL-12p70, and IL-12p40 protein can be visualized underneath the PP dome epithelium. In this study, we have analyzed IL-12 signaling in PP and investigated whether IL-12 plays a functional role. CD3+ T lymphocytes isolated from PP and adjacent ileal mucosa spontaneously secrete @entity2 with negligible @entity4 or @entity1 . RNA transcripts for IL-12Rbeta2, the signaling component of the IL-12R, are present in purified CD4+ and CD8+ T PP lymphocytes. Active @entity5 , a transcription factor essential for IL-12-mediated @entity3 differentiation, is readily detectable in biopsies from PP and ileal mucosa and @entity5 -DNA binding activity is demonstrable by EMSA. Nuclear proteins from CD3+ T PP lymphocytes contain @entity5 and @entity6 , a transcription factor selectively expressed in @entity3 cells. Stimulation of freshly isolated PP cells with staphylococcal enterotoxin B dramatically enhanced the production of @entity2 , an effect which was largely inhibited by neutralizing anti-IL-12 Ab. These data show that IL-12 in @entity0 PP is likely to be responsible for the @entity3 -dominated cytokine response of the @entity0 mucosal immune system.

title: Activated @entity5 and a functional role for IL-12 in XXXX Peyer's patches.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the long-term recurrence rate and other complications after conventional and laparoscopic @entity2 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Reliable long-term follow-up of @entity0 with @entity2 treated by laparoscopic repair techniques is lacking. METHODS: The authors performed a randomized, multicenter trial in which 487 @entity0 with @entity2 were treated by totally extraperitoneal laparoscopic repair and 507 @entity0 were treated by conventional anterior @entity3 repair. @entity0 were followed and examined for recurrence and chronic @entity1 2, 3, and 5 years after surgery. Risk factors for recurrence and chronic @entity1 were assessed. RESULTS: @entity0 who underwent conventional repair had a high risk for recurrence compared to @entity0 who underwent laparoscopic repair. Risk factors for recurrence were operative time and type of conventional repair. Predictive independent risk factors for chronic @entity1 were conventional repair (Bassini repairs and non-bassini repairs), @entity1 before surgery, and perioperative lesion of the ilioinguinal nerve. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity2 who undergo laparoscopic repair have fewer recurrences and less chronic @entity1 than those who undergo conventional open repair. The Bassini repair produces unacceptably high recurrence rates.

title: Recurrences after conventional anterior and laparoscopic XXXX : a randomized comparison.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The epithelial cells of @entity2 may sometimes appear similar to those of @entity8 , but most are composed of cells that do not suggest any particular derivation. We report four cases of mucinous @entity2 in which the cells were entirely or almost entirely endocervical-like. The @entity0 ' ages were 34, 43, 44, and 50 years. Two @entity0 had @entity1 confined to the ovaries at initial staging; both also had synchronous @entity6 of the mucinous type. The two other @entity0 had @entity1 , both with invasive metastases in the pelvis and abdomen at initial staging. In one of the latter cases a @entity1 (MMBT) of the opposite ovary had been removed 5 years earlier, and in this case and two other cases the @entity2 had foci resembling @entity12 , suggesting that they may be an invasive counterpart to these @entity1 . The six @entity1 ranged from 4 to 19 cm; five were grossly cystic with papillary or solid areas, and one was entirely solid. They were composed of closely packed glands, cysts, and cysts containing complex papillae. There was abundant intraglandular and intracystic mucin. The epithelial cells were well differentiated with infrequent mitoses and most were tall with mucinous cytoplasm resembling normal endocervical glandular cells. In three @entity1 there also were round to polygonal cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm; endometrioid foci were present in three @entity1 and a squamous focus was present in one. One @entity1 had a focally infiltrative growth pattern with a desmoplastic stromal reaction; the remaining five @entity1 had an exclusively confluent (expansile) pattern of invasion. Endometriosis was present in residual ovarian tissue adjacent to four @entity1 in three @entity0 and had marked epithelial proliferation in three. All @entity0 were treated postoperatively with chemotherapy and were without clinical recurrence with follow-up intervals of 8 months, 1.2 years, 2.9 years, and 3.8 years. By immunohistochemical analysis the neoplastic epithelium was positive for @entity4 and @entity7 receptor proteins, @entity10 , and @entity11 , and negative or only focally positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity9 , a profile that differs from that of the @entity2 and is supportive of a mullerian derivation. As with MMBTs, there was a strong association with @entity3 , and these @entity1 likely arise from @entity3 , possibly through an MMBT precursor in some cases. To better understand their clinicopathologic features and pathogenesis, this uncommon variant should be separated from the usual type in future studies of @entity5 of the ovary.

title: Ovarian mucinous and mixed @entity5 of mullerian (endocervical-like) type: a clinicopathologic analysis of four cases of an uncommon variant associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The epithelial cells of @entity2 may sometimes appear similar to those of @entity8 , but most are composed of cells that do not suggest any particular derivation. We report four cases of mucinous @entity2 in which the cells were entirely or almost entirely endocervical-like. The @entity0 ' ages were 34, 43, 44, and 50 years. Two @entity0 had @entity1 confined to the ovaries at initial staging; both also had synchronous @entity6 of the mucinous type. The two other @entity0 had @entity1 , both with invasive metastases in the pelvis and abdomen at initial staging. In one of the latter cases a @entity1 (MMBT) of the opposite ovary had been removed 5 years earlier, and in this case and two other cases the @entity2 had foci resembling @entity12 , suggesting that they may be an invasive counterpart to these @entity1 . The six @entity1 ranged from 4 to 19 cm; five were grossly cystic with papillary or solid areas, and one was entirely solid. They were composed of closely packed glands, cysts, and cysts containing complex papillae. There was abundant intraglandular and intracystic mucin. The epithelial cells were well differentiated with infrequent mitoses and most were tall with mucinous cytoplasm resembling normal endocervical glandular cells. In three @entity1 there also were round to polygonal cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm; endometrioid foci were present in three @entity1 and a squamous focus was present in one. One @entity1 had a focally infiltrative growth pattern with a desmoplastic stromal reaction; the remaining five @entity1 had an exclusively confluent (expansile) pattern of invasion. Endometriosis was present in residual ovarian tissue adjacent to four @entity1 in three @entity0 and had marked epithelial proliferation in three. All @entity0 were treated postoperatively with chemotherapy and were without clinical recurrence with follow-up intervals of 8 months, 1.2 years, 2.9 years, and 3.8 years. By immunohistochemical analysis the neoplastic epithelium was positive for @entity4 and @entity7 receptor proteins, @entity10 , and @entity11 , and negative or only focally positive for carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity9 , a profile that differs from that of the @entity2 and is supportive of a mullerian derivation. As with MMBTs, there was a strong association with @entity3 , and these @entity1 likely arise from @entity3 , possibly through an MMBT precursor in some cases. To better understand their clinicopathologic features and pathogenesis, this uncommon variant should be separated from the usual type in future studies of @entity5 of the ovary.

title: Ovarian mucinous and mixed XXXX of mullerian (endocervical-like) type: a clinicopathologic analysis of four cases of an uncommon variant associated with @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The @entity0 prostate and seminal vesicles are both @entity2 -dependent sex accessory organs. Their growth behavior, response to hormone manipulation, susceptibility to benign and malignant processes and sex accessory functions, however, differ greatly. The growth behavior of most tissues correlates well with the cell turnover rate of that tissue. Therefore, we compared the cell turnover of normal @entity0 prostate and seminal vesicles. Immunohistochemical expression of @entity4 (proliferation), @entity3 and transforming growth factor ( @entity5 ) were examined in 20 different samples taken from histologically normal @entity0 prostatic and seminal vesicle tissue. For the quantification of apoptosis, the TUNEL technique was used. The apoptosis rates in normal prostatic tissue (0.73+/-0.60) were significantly greater (P=0.003) than those seen in seminal vesicles (0.02+/-0.01). The proliferation rates also differed significantly (P=0.002) between these tissues (prostate: 0.77+/-0.78; seminal vesicles: 0.02+/-0.02). Eighty percent of the prostate tissue stained for @entity3 , whereas only 55% of the seminal vesicle tissue showed staining for @entity3 . All seminal vesicles and 75% of the prostate samples stained for @entity5 . For both @entity2 -dependent tissues, apoptotic rates closely equaled proliferation rates. The cell turnover, however, was much higher in the prostate than in the seminal vesicles. @entity5 seems to be more important for the regulation of cell turnover in the seminal vesicles than @entity3 . These differences in the proliferative behavior may explain why disturbances of apoptotic regulation lead to a more extensive net cell gain in prostatic tissue compared to the seminal vesicles. This might help explain the vastly different incidence of benign and @entity1 in these organs.

title: Cell turnover in XXXX seminal vesicles and the prostate: an immunohistochemical study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A long-term prospective study of 100 @entity0 undergoing @entity2 was carried out in an attempt to delineate the natural history of these @entity0 and to assess the relative significance of preoperative factors as determinants of long-term outcome. Neurological findings were documented preoperatively and at 1 month, 1 year, and 5 to 10 years postoperatively. A questionnaire using subjective and objective data was given to @entity0 at 1 year and 5 to 10 years postoperatively. An 83% long-term follow-up result was obtained. At a minimum of 5 years postoperatively, 62% of @entity0 had complete relief of back @entity1 and 62% had complete relief of leg @entity1 ; 96% were pleased that they had submitted to surgery and 93% were able to return to work. Nine percent reported that their back @entity1 at 5 to 10 years was as severe as or worse than preoperatively and 11% reported that their leg @entity1 was as severe as or worse than preoperatively. The reoperation rate was 18%. Preoperative factors found to be significantly associated with outcome at 1 year postoperatively were not significantly associated with outcome at 5 to 10 years postoperatively. The results of @entity2 appear favorable as evaluated in this study. Preoperative factors useful as predictors of short-term outcome are much less reliable when considering the long-term results.

title: Long-term prospective study of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Physicians and @entity0 have variable and individual levels of comfort regarding when to begin salvage therapy for rising @entity3 ( @entity3 ) after definitive treatment of @entity2 . The decision to start salvage therapy is a multifactorial process for which few rigorous data or guidelines exist. A questionnaire survey of urologists of the Department of Defense (DoD) Center for @entity4 Research (CPDR) was undertaken to obtain current perspectives on when to begin salvage therapy for biochemical failure after definitive therapy. Variables of age, grade, @entity1 , nodal status, performance status, latency since prior therapy, @entity3 velocity, and ploidy were prioritized in four clinical situations; subsequent questions assessed consensus @entity3 cut-offs for beginning adjuvant therapy in 84 clinical scenarios. Consensus on @entity3 cut-off points was limited to postoperative radiotherapy (RT), where values of 1.0-1.5 were the mean cut-off points. CPDR urologists consider salvage prostatectomy post-RT only for @entity0 <70-y-old with node negative, grade 2-7 disease and excellent performance status. Ploidy was not generally considered useful in any scenario. Many variables in addition to @entity3 level are involved in the decision of when to commence adjuvant therapy for initial biochemical failure. These are strikingly interdependent, and few clear absolutes are evident from this questionnaire. This is a point of necessary further research and continued discussion among physicians caring for these @entity0 .

title: Initiation of salvage therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the perioperative outcome of @entity0 >or=13 years old undergoing surgery for @entity2 in a @entity0 's hospital by a dedicated congenital heart surgery and anesthesia team with procedure-matched younger control @entity0 . DESIGN: Retrospective medical record review study. From October 1997 to July 2000, medical records of all @entity0 >12 years old requiring cardiopulmonary bypass were reviewed. A control group of @entity0 <or=5 years old was reviewed, and 2 @entity0 were matched to each older @entity0 by diagnosis and surgical procedure. Data are reported as mean +/- SD. Older (study) @entity0 were compared with younger (control) @entity0 using t-test or chi square, with p <or= 0.05 significant. SETTING: Medical school-affiliated tertiary-care @entity0 's hospital. @entity0 : @entity0 undergoing congenital heart surgery. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The study group (older @entity0 ) comprised 85 @entity0 , and the control group (younger @entity0 ) comprised 170 @entity0 . There were no intraoperative deaths. All major complications-cardiopulmonary resuscitation, @entity1 , @entity3 with sternotomy, femoral cannulation for emergent bypass, and severe episodes of @entity4 on induction of anesthesia-occurred in older @entity0 undergoing repeat sternotomy. CONCLUSION: Mortality and major morbidity were low in both groups; however, all major intraoperative incidents occurred in older repeat sternotomy @entity0 , suggesting increased perioperative risk for adverse outcomes in these @entity0 .

title: Anesthetic and perioperative outcome of teenagers and adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: FtsA plays an essential role in @entity0 cell division and is nearly ubiquitous in eubacteria. Several evidences postulated the ability of FtsA to interact with other septation proteins and with itself. To investigate these binding properties, we screened a phage-display library with FtsA. The isolated peptides defined a degenerate consensus sequence, which in turn displayed a striking similarity with residues 126-133 of FtsA itself. This result suggested that residues 126-133 were involved in homodimerization of FtsA. The hypothesis was supported by the analysis of correlated mutations, which identified a mutual relationship between a group of @entity2 encompassing the @entity1 -binding site and a set of residues immediately downstream to @entity2 126-133. This information was used to assemble a model of a FtsA homodimer, whose accuracy was confirmed by probing multiple alternative docking solutions. Moreover, a prediction of residues responsible for protein-protein interaction validated the proposed model and confirmed once more the importance of residues 126-133 for homodimerization. To functionally characterize this region, we introduced a deletion in ftsA, where residues 126-133 were skipped. This mutant failed to complement conditional lethal alleles of ftsA, demonstrating that @entity2 126-133 play an essential role in @entity0 .

title: Phage-display and correlated mutations identify an essential region of subdomain 1C involved in homodimerization of XXXX FtsA.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) surgery is a controversial topic. We analyzed our long-term surgical results in a set of @entity0 who underwent @entity5 surgery in our unit from January 1995 through December 1996. We used a simple methodology based on 4 criteria: @entity3 , mouth opening, type of feeding and @entity0 satisfaction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed 21 operated @entity0 who had been managed by an orthodontist after surgery. The post-surgical follow-up was 4 years. @entity0 age at surgery ranged from 14 to 51 years; the sex ratio was 1/9 M/F. Seventeen @entity0 suffered a closed-lock, 2 had @entity1 . Fifteen @entity0 underwent bilateral @entity5 arthrotomy with joint fixation and, very often, mandibulo-condylar-plasty to counteract the bony compression inside the joint. We rated outcome as "very good" if four factors were found: resolution or improvement of @entity3 , more than 40 mm post-surgery mouth opening or at least 10 mm improvement for @entity0 with less than 40 mm post-surgical mouth opening, normal feeding, subjective satisfaction rated as very or quite good. Outcome was thus rated as very good (4 factors), quite good (3 factors), good (2 factors), poor (1 factor), failure (0 factors). RESULTS: Resolution of @entity3 was achieved in 55% of the @entity0 with an improvement in the others. All @entity0 recovered normal feeding. Mouth opening remained limited for two @entity0 . Subjective @entity0 satisfaction was very or quite good in 80% of the cases. Outcome was rated very good in 9 @entity0 , quite good in 7, and good in 5. There were no @entity0 with poor outcome or failure. Analysis of the good outcome group showed that 3 had experience a post-surgery @entity2 , one had not complied with rehabilitation therapy, and one suffered from undiagnosed rheumatoid @entity4 . CONCLUSION: According to the literature, @entity5 surgery is an effective means of treating @entity7 . We obtained good and stable outcome in @entity0 who participated in our postoperative follow-up. The @entity5 is a @entity6 susceptible to @entity2 .

title: [Retrospective study of two years of surgery for @entity5 XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) surgery is a controversial topic. We analyzed our long-term surgical results in a set of @entity0 who underwent @entity5 surgery in our unit from January 1995 through December 1996. We used a simple methodology based on 4 criteria: @entity3 , mouth opening, type of feeding and @entity0 satisfaction. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We reviewed 21 operated @entity0 who had been managed by an orthodontist after surgery. The post-surgical follow-up was 4 years. @entity0 age at surgery ranged from 14 to 51 years; the sex ratio was 1/9 M/F. Seventeen @entity0 suffered a closed-lock, 2 had @entity1 . Fifteen @entity0 underwent bilateral @entity5 arthrotomy with joint fixation and, very often, mandibulo-condylar-plasty to counteract the bony compression inside the joint. We rated outcome as "very good" if four factors were found: resolution or improvement of @entity3 , more than 40 mm post-surgery mouth opening or at least 10 mm improvement for @entity0 with less than 40 mm post-surgical mouth opening, normal feeding, subjective satisfaction rated as very or quite good. Outcome was thus rated as very good (4 factors), quite good (3 factors), good (2 factors), poor (1 factor), failure (0 factors). RESULTS: Resolution of @entity3 was achieved in 55% of the @entity0 with an improvement in the others. All @entity0 recovered normal feeding. Mouth opening remained limited for two @entity0 . Subjective @entity0 satisfaction was very or quite good in 80% of the cases. Outcome was rated very good in 9 @entity0 , quite good in 7, and good in 5. There were no @entity0 with poor outcome or failure. Analysis of the good outcome group showed that 3 had experience a post-surgery @entity2 , one had not complied with rehabilitation therapy, and one suffered from undiagnosed rheumatoid @entity4 . CONCLUSION: According to the literature, @entity5 surgery is an effective means of treating @entity7 . We obtained good and stable outcome in @entity0 who participated in our postoperative follow-up. The @entity5 is a @entity6 susceptible to @entity2 .

title: [Retrospective study of two years of surgery for XXXX @entity3 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity1 are a relatively rare complication of @entity3 . In contrast, @entity2 remains a major concern for @entity0 with long-standing UC. The best available evidence suggests that @entity0 with long-standing @entity4 are at similar risk for @entity2 as those @entity0 with long-standing UC. In @entity0 with UC, the magnitude of this increased risk appears to be greater in @entity0 with more extensive colonic involvement. It appears that the magnitude of this risk increases with increasing duration of disease, at least in UC. Whether this reflects the increased risk of @entity1 that occurs with the aging process or a separate phenomena distinct to UC is unclear. To date, the methods available to reduce the risk of @entity1 are less than optimal. Although surgical procedures eliminate the risk, the mental and physical sequelae of these procedures can be substantial. Surveillance with colonoscopic biopsies is likely effective in reducing although not eliminating the risk of @entity2 . Efforts to develop chemopreventative agents and improved surveillance methods remain areas of active investigation.

title: Colonic dysplasia and @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 are a relatively rare complication of @entity3 . In contrast, @entity2 remains a major concern for @entity0 with long-standing UC. The best available evidence suggests that @entity0 with long-standing @entity4 are at similar risk for @entity2 as those @entity0 with long-standing UC. In @entity0 with UC, the magnitude of this increased risk appears to be greater in @entity0 with more extensive colonic involvement. It appears that the magnitude of this risk increases with increasing duration of disease, at least in UC. Whether this reflects the increased risk of @entity1 that occurs with the aging process or a separate phenomena distinct to UC is unclear. To date, the methods available to reduce the risk of @entity1 are less than optimal. Although surgical procedures eliminate the risk, the mental and physical sequelae of these procedures can be substantial. Surveillance with colonoscopic biopsies is likely effective in reducing although not eliminating the risk of @entity2 . Efforts to develop chemopreventative agents and improved surveillance methods remain areas of active investigation.

title: Colonic dysplasia and XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: APD is not a label for a @entity1 entity but rather a description of functional deficits [3]. It is a complex and heterogeneous group of auditory-specific disorders usually associated with a range of listening and @entity5 [3,4]. Underlying APD is a deficit observed in one or more of the auditory processes responsible for generating the auditory evoked potentials and the following behaviors: around localization and lateralization; auditory discrimination; auditory pattern recognition; temporal aspects of audition, including temporal resolution, masking, integration, and ordering; auditory performance with competing acoustic signals; and auditory performance with degraded acoustic signals [2]. Comprehensive assessment is necessary for the accurate differential diagnosis of APD from other "look-alike" disorders, most notably @entity2 and language processing disorders. Speech-language pathologists, psychologists, educators, and physicians contribute to this more comprehensive assessment. The primary role of otolaryngologists is to evaluate and treat peripheral @entity3 , such as @entity4 . @entity0 with APDs may present to an otolaryngologist, thus requiring the physician to make appropriate referral for assessment and intervention. Currently, diagnosis of APD is based on the outcomes of behavioral tests, supplemented by electroacoustic measures and, to a lesser extent, by electrophysiologic measures [1]. Intervention for APD focuses on improving the quality of the acoustic signal and the listening environment, improving auditory skills, and enhancing utilization of metacognitive and language resources [2]. Additional controlled case studies and single-subject and group research designs are needed to ascertain systematically the relative efficacy of various treatment and management approaches.

title: Deciphering auditory processing disorders in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The authors have reviewed 22 cases of proximal disarticulations with the aim of assessing the therapeutic value, taking into account previous radio- and chemotherapy. The following criteria were especially examined: recurrences, survival, quality of life. There were 13/22 soft tissue @entity3 , 9/22 @entity2 . In 10 instances, the @entity1 was primary and treated for the first time whilst, in 12 cases, it was recurrence. Eighteen @entity0 had been previously treated by non radical surgery, 11 by radiotherapy and 10 by chemotherapy. For @entity1 , six @entity0 underwent an inter-scapulo-thoracic disarticulation and three an inter-scapulo-thoracic resection according to Tykhor-Lindberg. For lower limb @entity1 , seven @entity0 were submitted to inter-ilio-abdominal disarticulation, three to @entity4 and one to internal hemipelvectomy according to Eilber. Mean disease free interval has been 34.5 months and mean survival 38.5 months. Three out of 20 evaluable @entity0 (15%) recurred locally although most of them benefited from second surgery. Quality of life has been excellent in general despite the fact that only seven @entity0 accepted wearing a prosthesis. Karnofsky index ranged between 60 and 100%. No significant difference was seen, whether or not previous radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy had been administered.

title: Therapeutic value of scapular and pelvic girdle disarticulations in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 produce @entity0 in @entity2 embryos. Outgrowth of the frontonasal mass with accompanying cartilage differentiation and pattern formation is inhibited. In contrast, the development of the mandibular primordia that give rise to the lower beak proceeds normally. To investigate whether the upper beak defect is based on the inhibition of cartilage differentiation specifically in the frontonasal mass, the effects of @entity4 on chondrogenesis in micromass (high density) cultures of cells from facial primordia have been studied. When either 10(-6) M @entity3 or 10(-8) M (E)-4-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-napthalenyl-1- propenyl]benzoic acid ( @entity5 ; a stable @entity1 ) is added to the culture medium, cartilage differentiation is inhibited. Both frontonasal mass and mandible cultures are equally affected. The concentration of @entity5 found in both facial primordia in vivo, after a treatment that produces the defect, is also about 10(-8) M. This rules out preferential accumulation of the @entity1 by the frontonasal mass as an explanation for the defect. In fact, the concentration of @entity1 found in vivo, should, from the culture studies, be sufficient to markedly inhibit chondrogenesis in both the frontonasal mass and mandibles. The effects of exposure to @entity4 in the intact face appear to be different to those in culture. Furthermore, when cells from @entity1 -treated facial primordia are cultured in micromass, the extent and pattern of chondrogenesis in frontonasal mass cultures is identical to that of cells from untreated primordia. Cartilage differentiation in mandible cultures is slightly affected. These findings suggest that @entity4 do not produce the specific @entity0 by directly interfering with cartilage differentiation.

title: The effects of XXXX on cartilage differentiation in micromass cultures of @entity2 facial primordia and the relationship to a specific @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 produce @entity0 in @entity2 embryos. Outgrowth of the frontonasal mass with accompanying cartilage differentiation and pattern formation is inhibited. In contrast, the development of the mandibular primordia that give rise to the lower beak proceeds normally. To investigate whether the upper beak defect is based on the inhibition of cartilage differentiation specifically in the frontonasal mass, the effects of @entity4 on chondrogenesis in micromass (high density) cultures of cells from facial primordia have been studied. When either 10(-6) M @entity3 or 10(-8) M (E)-4-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-napthalenyl-1- propenyl]benzoic acid ( @entity5 ; a stable @entity1 ) is added to the culture medium, cartilage differentiation is inhibited. Both frontonasal mass and mandible cultures are equally affected. The concentration of @entity5 found in both facial primordia in vivo, after a treatment that produces the defect, is also about 10(-8) M. This rules out preferential accumulation of the @entity1 by the frontonasal mass as an explanation for the defect. In fact, the concentration of @entity1 found in vivo, should, from the culture studies, be sufficient to markedly inhibit chondrogenesis in both the frontonasal mass and mandibles. The effects of exposure to @entity4 in the intact face appear to be different to those in culture. Furthermore, when cells from @entity1 -treated facial primordia are cultured in micromass, the extent and pattern of chondrogenesis in frontonasal mass cultures is identical to that of cells from untreated primordia. Cartilage differentiation in mandible cultures is slightly affected. These findings suggest that @entity4 do not produce the specific @entity0 by directly interfering with cartilage differentiation.

title: The effects of @entity4 on cartilage differentiation in micromass cultures of XXXX facial primordia and the relationship to a specific @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 produce @entity0 in @entity2 embryos. Outgrowth of the frontonasal mass with accompanying cartilage differentiation and pattern formation is inhibited. In contrast, the development of the mandibular primordia that give rise to the lower beak proceeds normally. To investigate whether the upper beak defect is based on the inhibition of cartilage differentiation specifically in the frontonasal mass, the effects of @entity4 on chondrogenesis in micromass (high density) cultures of cells from facial primordia have been studied. When either 10(-6) M @entity3 or 10(-8) M (E)-4-[2-(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-napthalenyl-1- propenyl]benzoic acid ( @entity5 ; a stable @entity1 ) is added to the culture medium, cartilage differentiation is inhibited. Both frontonasal mass and mandible cultures are equally affected. The concentration of @entity5 found in both facial primordia in vivo, after a treatment that produces the defect, is also about 10(-8) M. This rules out preferential accumulation of the @entity1 by the frontonasal mass as an explanation for the defect. In fact, the concentration of @entity1 found in vivo, should, from the culture studies, be sufficient to markedly inhibit chondrogenesis in both the frontonasal mass and mandibles. The effects of exposure to @entity4 in the intact face appear to be different to those in culture. Furthermore, when cells from @entity1 -treated facial primordia are cultured in micromass, the extent and pattern of chondrogenesis in frontonasal mass cultures is identical to that of cells from untreated primordia. Cartilage differentiation in mandible cultures is slightly affected. These findings suggest that @entity4 do not produce the specific @entity0 by directly interfering with cartilage differentiation.

title: The effects of @entity4 on cartilage differentiation in micromass cultures of @entity2 facial primordia and the relationship to a specific XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a well described phenomenon in adult @entity0 with severe @entity2 . However, this entity is rarely reported in @entity0 with @entity3 . OBJECTIVE: To report our experience in a 13-year-old @entity0 who developed @entity5 as a complication of @entity3 and to investigate the prevalence of this complication of severe @entity2 . We sought to determine the frequency of @entity5 in such @entity0 and to review etiologies of @entity5 . METHODS: 1) Observations on the clinical and laboratory findings in an adolescent @entity0 with @entity3 who developed @entity5 were recorded. 2) The medical records of 100 @entity0 and adolescents with @entity3 admitted to an intensive care unit were reviewed for laboratory evidence of @entity5 . 3) We also reviewed our own previous experience of @entity3 with @entity4 . RESULTS: Among 100 @entity0 admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit for @entity3 , a single case of isolated @entity1 was identified. This proved to be attributable to @entity5 . When records of @entity0 with severe @entity4 were examined, no cases of @entity1 were found. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, @entity5 does occur in pediatric-aged @entity0 during @entity3 . It is important that this complication be recognized and treated because @entity1 may inhibit the effectiveness of bronchodilator therapy, produce electrolyte disturbances, and cause serious adverse effects on the @entity0 's cardiovascular system.

title: XXXX and @entity3 : how common in pediatrics?

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a well described phenomenon in adult @entity0 with severe @entity2 . However, this entity is rarely reported in @entity0 with @entity3 . OBJECTIVE: To report our experience in a 13-year-old @entity0 who developed @entity5 as a complication of @entity3 and to investigate the prevalence of this complication of severe @entity2 . We sought to determine the frequency of @entity5 in such @entity0 and to review etiologies of @entity5 . METHODS: 1) Observations on the clinical and laboratory findings in an adolescent @entity0 with @entity3 who developed @entity5 were recorded. 2) The medical records of 100 @entity0 and adolescents with @entity3 admitted to an intensive care unit were reviewed for laboratory evidence of @entity5 . 3) We also reviewed our own previous experience of @entity3 with @entity4 . RESULTS: Among 100 @entity0 admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit for @entity3 , a single case of isolated @entity1 was identified. This proved to be attributable to @entity5 . When records of @entity0 with severe @entity4 were examined, no cases of @entity1 were found. CONCLUSIONS: Although rare, @entity5 does occur in pediatric-aged @entity0 during @entity3 . It is important that this complication be recognized and treated because @entity1 may inhibit the effectiveness of bronchodilator therapy, produce electrolyte disturbances, and cause serious adverse effects on the @entity0 's cardiovascular system.

title: @entity5 and XXXX : how common in pediatrics?

answer: @entity3


abstract: We report the results of treatment in eight @entity0 who had posteromedial dislocation of the ankle without @entity1 . The ages of seven of the eight @entity0 ranged from twenty-three to thirty-six years. Four @entity0 had increased generalized @entity5 . One-half of the injuries were sustained during athletic competition. The mechanism of injury appeared to be forced inversion of the foot when it was maximally plantar flexed and axially loaded. Five of the eight @entity0 had an @entity3 , and four of the five @entity0 had an associated @entity2 . No @entity0 had an injury to the distal tibiofibular ligaments or to the syndesmosis. The three @entity0 who had a @entity4 achieved good long-term functional and roentgenographic results after closed reduction and immobilization. The @entity0 who had an @entity3 that was treated by anatomical repair of the disrupted lateral ligaments at the time of initial d  bridement also achieved good long-term functional and roentgenographic results. It does not appear to be necessary to repair the deltoid ligament. In one @entity0 who had an @entity4 and in whom the lateral ligaments were not repaired, moderate instability of the ankle resulted and degenerative changes developed in the joint.

title: Posteromedial dislocation of the ankle without XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We describe the results of an organ-sparing approach for the treatment of non-metastatic, invasive @entity3 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-three @entity0 (mean age 71 years; age range 47-87 years) with @entity3 of clinical stage T2-T3N0M0 and histologically proven muscle invasion were examined between 1992 and 1998. The median duration of follow-up was 30 months. The treatment protocol for intra-arterial chemotherapy consisted of @entity5 30 mg/m(2) and @entity4 50 mg/m(2) in 7 @entity0 and @entity4 50 mg/m(2) in 16 @entity0 , administered in three cycles via catheters inserted in the internal iliac arteries. Concomitantly, 41.4 Gy of radiotherapy was given to the lesser pelvis. Transurethral biopsy and urine cytology were performed after the completion of treatment; @entity0 were followed observationally if @entity2 was absent, and underwent radical cystectomy if it was present. RESULTS: At the end of treatment, 18 @entity0 (78%) showed a complete response (CR) and the bladder was spared in all cases. Radical cystectomy was performed for 4 non-CR cases, with the result that 2 cases had residual superficial @entity1 and the other 2 had muscle-invading @entity1 histologically. Among the @entity0 with a CR, 2 experienced intravesical recurrence. Overall, 2 @entity0 died of @entity1 , 5 died of other causes and 2 died during treatment. The 5-year disease-specific survival rate was 70.3% and the overall survival rate 46.4%. CONCLUSIONS: A bladder-sparing approach for the treatment of muscle-invading @entity3 which utilizes combined intra-arterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy may arrest the decline in quality of life induced by urinary diversion and yield equivalent therapeutic benefit to that of radical cystectomy.

title: An organ-sparing treatment using combined intra-arterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy for muscle-invading XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In @entity6 , large amounts of plasma proteins are lost in urine, causing a decrease in the plasma oncotic pressure. This leads to enhanced hepatic synthesis of albumin and other proteins, including lipoproteins, causing a secondary @entity2 . Essential @entity5 such as @entity7 (GLA) can prevent accumulation of @entity1 in the body, and spirulina has an appreciable amount of GLA. In this study 23 @entity0 (age 2 to 13 years) with @entity6 received either medication (group I) or medication plus 1 g/day Spirulina (group II). Height, weight, and serum levels of fasting blood sugar, @entity4 , total @entity1 (TC), and low- and high-density @entity1 fractions (LDL-C and HDL-C, respectively) were measured before and after the 2-month study period. Mean height and weight were normal compared with healthy, age-matched Indian @entity0 . Lipoprotein @entity1 levels were significantly increased at baseline. TC significantly decreased by 116.33 mg/dl, LDL-C by 94.14 mg/dl, and @entity4 by 67.72 mg/dl in group II; in control group I, these values fell by 69.87, 61.13, and 22.62 mg/dl, respectively. The LDL-C:HDL-C ratio also decreased significantly, by 1.66 in group II and 1.13 in group I. TC:HDL-C decreased by 1.96 in group II and 1.19 in group I. HDL-C:LDL-C also improved significantly in both the groups. It can be concluded that spray-dried Spirulina capsules, rich in antioxidants, GLA, @entity3 , and @entity5 , helped reduce the increased levels of lipids in @entity0 with @entity6 .

title: Hypocholesterolemic effect of spirulina in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: In @entity6 , large amounts of plasma proteins are lost in urine, causing a decrease in the plasma oncotic pressure. This leads to enhanced hepatic synthesis of albumin and other proteins, including lipoproteins, causing a secondary @entity2 . Essential @entity5 such as @entity7 (GLA) can prevent accumulation of @entity1 in the body, and spirulina has an appreciable amount of GLA. In this study 23 @entity0 (age 2 to 13 years) with @entity6 received either medication (group I) or medication plus 1 g/day Spirulina (group II). Height, weight, and serum levels of fasting blood sugar, @entity4 , total @entity1 (TC), and low- and high-density @entity1 fractions (LDL-C and HDL-C, respectively) were measured before and after the 2-month study period. Mean height and weight were normal compared with healthy, age-matched Indian @entity0 . Lipoprotein @entity1 levels were significantly increased at baseline. TC significantly decreased by 116.33 mg/dl, LDL-C by 94.14 mg/dl, and @entity4 by 67.72 mg/dl in group II; in control group I, these values fell by 69.87, 61.13, and 22.62 mg/dl, respectively. The LDL-C:HDL-C ratio also decreased significantly, by 1.66 in group II and 1.13 in group I. TC:HDL-C decreased by 1.96 in group II and 1.19 in group I. HDL-C:LDL-C also improved significantly in both the groups. It can be concluded that spray-dried Spirulina capsules, rich in antioxidants, GLA, @entity3 , and @entity5 , helped reduce the increased levels of lipids in @entity0 with @entity6 .

title: Hypocholesterolemic effect of spirulina in XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess surgical treatment of @entity7 associated with unstable degenerative spondylolisthesis. METHODS: In 86 @entity0 with @entity7 associated with unstable degenerative spondylolisthesis. (30 @entity0 and 56 @entity0 , aged from 30 to 77 years), 63 @entity0 complained of @entity4 with both lower @entity1 , 10 @entity0 @entity1 in one leg, and 13 @entity0 only @entity4 . Seventy-two of these @entity0 complained of @entity3 , with a walking distance ranging from 10 to 1 000 m. Thirty-two @entity0 had some changes in sensation, motion and reflexes of the foot. According to White' critera, all @entity0 showed dynamic instability of the lesion. Meyerding criteria showed degree 1 in 79 @entity0 , and degree 2 in 7. CT scan was made in 56 @entity0 , MRI in 24 and MRM in 6 before operation. Myelography was performed in 61 @entity0 , and CTM in 6. Stenosis and spondylolisthesis located between L(4) and L(5) in 49 @entity0 , between L(3) and L(4) in 6, between L(5) and S(1) in 25, between L(3) and L(4) and between L(4) and L(5) in 2, and from L(3) to S(1) in 4. The @entity0 with pathological spondylolisthesis were excluded. @entity5 of one leg was observed in 10 @entity0 , lateral recess of both legs in 22, and central canal stenosis in 54, of whom 12 @entity0 were associated with protrusion of the lumbar disc. Decompression and autograft with iliac bone and various internal fixation were performed in all @entity0 . RESULTS: The @entity0 were followed up from 8 months to 13 years, longer than 1 year (average 5.6 years) in 81 @entity0 . According to Amundsen et al, excellent results were obtained in 78 @entity0 , good in 5, and fair in 3. Spondylolisthesis was completely reduced in 70 @entity0 of degree 1 (89.9%), and in 6 @entity0 of degree 2 (85.7%). No @entity0 showed slippage aggravated. 74 @entity0 gained bone graft fusion within 3 months and 10 @entity0 within 6 months. Two @entity0 showed @entity6 during the follow-up. Complications included internal fixation breakage in 1 @entity0 , and delayed @entity2 in 1. CONCLUSIONS: Complete decompression and bone graft fusion are the key to treatment. Decompression and internal fixation improve the symptoms of @entity0 with @entity7 associated with spondylolisthesis. Transpedicle instrumentation can reduce spondylolisthesis and maintain the physical curve of the lumbar.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX associated with unstable degenerative spondylolisthesis].

answer: @entity7


abstract: In contrast to striated muscle, measurements on strips of smooth muscle cannot be uniquely interpreted in terms of an array of contractile units. Therefore scaling down to the single-cell level is necessary to gain detailed understanding of the contractile process in this type of muscle. The present study describes the development of a method for isolating contractile single smooth muscle cells from @entity0 urinary bladders. Contractile responses evoked by individual electrical stimulation were used as a measure of cell quality during development of the method. Responses were evaluated by measuring latency, contraction and relaxation times, as indicated by visible length changes, and stored on-line in a computer. Initial length, relative @entity1 and @entity1 speed were determined by measuring cell lengths in previously timed still video frames using a computer-controlled crosshair device. Increase of stimulus pulse duration resulted in improved responses, indicating that the observed @entity1 represented a physiological contractile response. Ultimately this method of evaluation was applied to two sets of cell preparations obtained by two different methods, one using only collagenase digestion, the other using mechanical manipulation as well. Both sets showed two main patterns of response to electrical stimulation: a pattern of contraction upon stimulation followed by enhanced contraction when stimulation was switched off (CK), and a pattern of contraction upon stimulation followed by relaxation when the stimulus was switched off (CR). The set of preparations containing the highest percentage of CR cells was found to be superior (i.e. greater initial length, shorter latency and contraction times, increased @entity1 and higher @entity1 speed). The method of isolation used for this set gives a high yield of contractile cells available for experimental use over a long span of time.

title: Isolation and individual electrical stimulation of single smooth-muscle cells from the urinary bladder of the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging is a new, noninvasive approach for imaging the cardiovascular system. Being a three-dimensional technique, NMR imaging has the capability of measuring volumes without the need for assumptions regarding ventricular geometry. In this study, the technique was validated in 19 excised @entity1 hearts, filled with @entity2 -rubber, imaged using a multislice spin-echo sequence. The volume of the cavity in each slice was calculated from the number of pixels outlined for each slice multiplied by the pixel volume. Ventricular volumes measured by NMR imaging were highly correlated with cast volumes measured by water displacement: right ventricle (RV):RVNMR = 1.05 RVcast - 1.62; r = 0.99, SEE = 0.96 ml; left ventricle (LV):LVNMR = 0.98 LVcast + 0.35, r = 0.98, SEE = 1.48 ml. After validation in casts, NMR imaging volumes were measured in eight living @entity1 using a multiphasic gated technique to obtain images at 5, 105, 205, 305 and 405 ms after the QRS complex. Cardiac output (CO) and @entity0 volume (SV) measured by NMR imaging were significantly correlated with thermodilution (TD) measurements (CONMR = 0.63 COTD + 0.51 liters/min; r = 0.78, SEE = 0.57 liters/min; SVNMR = 0.67 SVTD + 1.95 ml; SEE = 5.58 ml). Right and left @entity0 volumes were closely related (LVSVNMR = 0.9 RVSVNMR + 1.75; r = 0.94, SEE = 4.32 ml), with the slope and intercept of the regression line showing no difference from 1 and 0, respectively. However, volumes determined by NMR imaging underestimated the thermodilution measurements, presumably reflecting the inability to obtain a true systolic image with the present sampling rate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Measurement of ventricular volumes in the XXXX by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To determine the incidence of abnormal dispersion of QT intervals on an ECG the authors measured these intervals in long-term survivors after @entity9 treatment for childhood @entity1 and compared the incidence to the traditional markers, @entity7 . @entity7 (QTd) and @entity7 (QTcd) have been associated with serious @entity5 and @entity6 in many forms of @entity3 . The above intervals and shortening fraction (SF) on echocardiogram were determined in 64 late survivors who were 4-22 years post @entity9 therapy. They were divided into 2 groups: group I, 39 @entity0 with normal function with SF >or= 29%, and group II, 15 @entity0 with SF < 29%. An additional 10 @entity0 had died and had SF < 29% at the time of @entity2 . They were divided into 2 groups: group III, 5 @entity0 who died with @entity4 after a mean of 12 years from of therapy, and group IV, 5 @entity0 who had a @entity8 after a mean of 9 years from end of therapy. In group I @entity0 , the incidence of @entity7 was < 6%, whereas that of QTd and QTcd was > 38%. In group II @entity0 , the presence of @entity7 was < 16%, whereas that of QTd and QTcd was > 40%. The QTc (p =.01), QTd (p =.02), and QTcd (p =.01) were significantly higher and SF (<.01) significantly lower in group IV compared to those alive (group I and II @entity0 ) with no significant difference in age, number of years of follow-up, precordial radiation dose, or @entity9 dose between the two. The combination of QTcd > 110 ms and diminished SF < 29% was found to be associated with @entity6 . In summary, the long-term survivors of @entity9 therapy had a high incidence (>38%) of abnormally prolonged QT dispersion intervals, QTd and QTcd, even in those with normal QT and QTc on an ECG and normal shortening fraction on an echocardiogram.

title: Presence of prolonged dispersion of qt intervals in late survivors of childhood XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: The quick intraoperative parathyroid assay (qPTH) has been proposed as an effective tool in the surgical management of @entity7 . This assay may facilitate directed, unilateral exploration for @entity1 ; however, its role in the management of @entity1 remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the use of qPTH in parathyroid surgery, and to compare the results for @entity1 . METHODS: A prospective analysis of 63 consecutive @entity0 explored for @entity7 using the qPTH assay was performed. Preoperative localization studies including ultrasonography and sestamibi scan were routinely obtained. Blood samples for qPTH were routinely drawn prior to the @entity5 , prior to gland excision, as well as 5 and 10 minutes after gland excision. @entity0 with primary or secondary @entity6 had blood samples drawn relative to a 3-1/2 gland resection. Additional samples were drawn as needed for @entity0 with a double @entity4 . A qPTH decline of greater than or equal to 50% of the highest preincision or gland preexcision level was considered successful. Unilateral neck exploration was routinely performed unless @entity1 was identified. @entity0 were followed up postoperatively with serum @entity3 levels and an 8-month median follow-up was recorded. RESULTS: Forty-nine of 63 (78%) @entity0 were found to have a solitary @entity8 . The qPTH assay was successful in 48 (97%) @entity0 with @entity1 . Forty-four of these 48 @entity0 showed an appropriate assay decline 5 minutes after @entity4 excision. One @entity0 with a single @entity4 showed a delayed 50% decline in qPTH at 20 minutes. Fourteen (22%) @entity0 were found to have @entity1 : 6 @entity0 with @entity6 , 4 @entity0 with @entity6 secondary to @entity2 , and 4 @entity0 with double @entity4 . All @entity0 with @entity1 demonstrated a successful decrease in qPTH levels. All @entity0 with @entity6 secondary to @entity2 showed a successful assay decline 5 minutes after 3-1/2 gland resection. Eight of 14 (57%) @entity0 with @entity1 (4 double @entity4 , and 4 @entity6 ) were suspected to have solitary @entity4 preoperatively. Overall, 62 of 63 (98%) @entity0 showed an appropriate assay decline within 10 minutes after gland excision. Postoperatively, all @entity0 were normocalcemic with a median follow-up of 8 months. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that qPTH can accurately facilitate unilateral, directed neck exploration for uniglandular @entity9 , as well as guide the extent of gland resection for @entity1 . This assay reliably eliminates the most common cause of @entity2 , which is unrecognized @entity1 . The qPTH assay can reliably be used with similar accuracy for @entity0 with @entity1 as has been shown for uniglandular @entity9 .

title: Comparison of quick parathyroid assay for uniglandular and multiglandular XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity7 is a rare @entity2 . Clinical features such as prognostic information, survival, and treatment outcomes are unknown. We present the largest retrospective review to date. @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty-nine @entity0 with pathologically confirmed acinar neoplasms of the pancreas were identified between August 1981 and January 2001. Demographic data, @entity2 characteristics, and treatment information were obtained by chart review. Survival probabilities were estimated by using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared using the log-rank test. RESULTS: The median survival for all @entity0 was 19 months. On the basis of a univariate analysis, the @entity0 ' stage of disease correlated significantly with survival. The median survival of @entity0 with @entity3 was 38 months, versus 14 months for those presenting with @entity1 (P = 0.03). @entity0 who could be treated with surgery as first-line therapy had a longer survival time (36 months) compared with those who did not have surgery (14 months). Two of 18 @entity0 who received chemotherapy and three of eight @entity0 who received radiation had a major response. CONCLUSION: The survival curves suggest a more @entity4 @entity2 than @entity5 but one that is less @entity4 than @entity6 . Those @entity0 who present with @entity3 have a much better prognosis than those who present with @entity1 . There is a high recurrence rate after complete surgical resection, suggesting that micrometastases are present even in @entity3 and that adjuvant therapies may be indicated. Chemotherapy and radiation afford disappointing results, however, and novel therapies are needed.

title: Clinical characteristics and outcomes from an institutional series of acinar cell XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Between 1970 and 1982, 175 @entity0 with Stage IA, B, IIA, B, or IIIA @entity3 were treated with curative radiotherapy following surgical @entity1 . The @entity0 treated prior to 1975 received either regular extended or total nodal field treatments (Treatment Group 1, N = 65). Unsatisfactory results from this treatment program led to treatment modification in 1975. The modified protocols consisted of low-dose lung irradiation in @entity0 having large mediastinal masses and/or @entity2 , and low-dose liver irradiation for Stage IIIAS+ @entity0 (Treatment Group 2, N = 110). Recurrence-free survival rates improved significantly for various risk groups. Univariate analysis indicated that age, stage, symptoms, mediastinal mass size, number of sites involved, @entity2 , stage, and symptoms were significant risk factors in Treatment Group 1. In Treatment Group 2, only sex was a statistically significant risk factor. Stepwise Cox regression analysis for risk factors selected mediastinal mass size and stage as the most significant prognostic factors in Treatment Group 1. In Treatment Group 2, number of initial disease sites and sex were the most significant risk factors. The results of the study show significant improvement in recurrence-free survival rates in Treatment Group 2. It is concluded that these improvements are due to the modification in treatment.

title: XXXX : a reassessment of prognostic factors following modification of radiotherapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The integrity of the @entity4 is a major determinant of the host response to stress. Relative @entity3 has been implicated in poor outcome from systemic inflammatory states; however, whether low endogenous glucocorticoid levels are adaptive or pathologic remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the @entity2 response and determine the incidence of occult @entity3 after severe @entity1 . METHODS: Over an 18-month period, 22 severely injured @entity0 admitted to the surgical intensive care unit of our level 1 @entity1 center were prospectively identified and followed. Demographic and outcome data were tabulated. In addition, random serum @entity2 levels were obtained on days 0, 5, and 10 after injury. Relative @entity3 was defined as a random serum @entity2 level less than 18 microg/dL. RESULTS: Mean baseline @entity2 levels were elevated (35 +/- 3 microg/dL) and significantly declined over the next 10 days (day 5: 24 +/- 2 microg/dL; and day 10: 22 +/- 2 microg/dL; P <0.01). Thirteen of 22 (60%) @entity0 had random serum @entity2 levels less than 18 microg/dL. Only 1 of the 2 @entity0 who died had a serum @entity2 level less than 18 microg/dL. The mean @entity2 levels at baseline were higher in the 2 @entity0 who died compared with those who survived but this was not statistically significant (43.4 +/- 8.8 microg/dL versus 35.0 +/- 3.6 microg/dL, P = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS: Serum @entity2 levels increased immediately and gradually returned towards normal after severe @entity1 . Occult @entity3 was common (60%) in this small group of severely injured @entity0 . This did not, however, affect mortality in these @entity0 . Further study is needed to delineate the role of occult @entity3 after severe injury.

title: The adrenal response after severe XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 is a novel @entity4 -bonded @entity3 treatment for mild-to-moderate @entity1 . The study objective was to compare symptomatic remission rates with @entity5 and @entity3 while controlling for extent of disease and time since diagnosis in @entity0 with active, mild-to-moderate @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 173 @entity0 with sigmoidoscopically verified @entity1 were randomized to 8 wk of double-blind treatment with @entity5 6.75 g/day or @entity3 2.4 g/day. Both treatments provided 2.4 g/day of oral @entity3 . @entity0 maintained symptom diaries throughout the treatment period. RESULTS: Overall, 46% of @entity5 - and 44% of @entity3 -treated @entity0 achieved symptomatic remission. Higher response rates were noted in newly diagnosed @entity0 with < or = 40 cm of disease (68% vs 61%) than in recently relapsed @entity0 with >40 cm of disease (36% vs 25%). The median time to symptomatic remission was 12 days shorter with @entity5 (25 days) than with @entity3 (37 days). Significantly more @entity5 @entity0 showed sigmoidoscopic (p = 0.002), stool frequency (p = 0.006), @entity2 (p = 0.006), and physician's global assessment score (p = 0.013) improvement by 14 days than did @entity3 @entity0 . Similar proportions of @entity0 reported adverse events (54% vs 64%), which were most commonly related to the gastrointestinal and central and peripheral nervous systems. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is an effective and safe treatment for mild-to-moderate @entity1 . Improvement of symptoms occurs considerably earlier with @entity5 than with @entity3 .

title: @entity5 is superior to @entity3 in the time to improvement of signs and symptoms of acute mild-to-moderate XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 is a novel @entity4 -bonded @entity3 treatment for mild-to-moderate @entity1 . The study objective was to compare symptomatic remission rates with @entity5 and @entity3 while controlling for extent of disease and time since diagnosis in @entity0 with active, mild-to-moderate @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 173 @entity0 with sigmoidoscopically verified @entity1 were randomized to 8 wk of double-blind treatment with @entity5 6.75 g/day or @entity3 2.4 g/day. Both treatments provided 2.4 g/day of oral @entity3 . @entity0 maintained symptom diaries throughout the treatment period. RESULTS: Overall, 46% of @entity5 - and 44% of @entity3 -treated @entity0 achieved symptomatic remission. Higher response rates were noted in newly diagnosed @entity0 with < or = 40 cm of disease (68% vs 61%) than in recently relapsed @entity0 with >40 cm of disease (36% vs 25%). The median time to symptomatic remission was 12 days shorter with @entity5 (25 days) than with @entity3 (37 days). Significantly more @entity5 @entity0 showed sigmoidoscopic (p = 0.002), stool frequency (p = 0.006), @entity2 (p = 0.006), and physician's global assessment score (p = 0.013) improvement by 14 days than did @entity3 @entity0 . Similar proportions of @entity0 reported adverse events (54% vs 64%), which were most commonly related to the gastrointestinal and central and peripheral nervous systems. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is an effective and safe treatment for mild-to-moderate @entity1 . Improvement of symptoms occurs considerably earlier with @entity5 than with @entity3 .

title: XXXX is superior to @entity3 in the time to improvement of signs and symptoms of acute mild-to-moderate @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 is a novel @entity4 -bonded @entity3 treatment for mild-to-moderate @entity1 . The study objective was to compare symptomatic remission rates with @entity5 and @entity3 while controlling for extent of disease and time since diagnosis in @entity0 with active, mild-to-moderate @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 173 @entity0 with sigmoidoscopically verified @entity1 were randomized to 8 wk of double-blind treatment with @entity5 6.75 g/day or @entity3 2.4 g/day. Both treatments provided 2.4 g/day of oral @entity3 . @entity0 maintained symptom diaries throughout the treatment period. RESULTS: Overall, 46% of @entity5 - and 44% of @entity3 -treated @entity0 achieved symptomatic remission. Higher response rates were noted in newly diagnosed @entity0 with < or = 40 cm of disease (68% vs 61%) than in recently relapsed @entity0 with >40 cm of disease (36% vs 25%). The median time to symptomatic remission was 12 days shorter with @entity5 (25 days) than with @entity3 (37 days). Significantly more @entity5 @entity0 showed sigmoidoscopic (p = 0.002), stool frequency (p = 0.006), @entity2 (p = 0.006), and physician's global assessment score (p = 0.013) improvement by 14 days than did @entity3 @entity0 . Similar proportions of @entity0 reported adverse events (54% vs 64%), which were most commonly related to the gastrointestinal and central and peripheral nervous systems. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is an effective and safe treatment for mild-to-moderate @entity1 . Improvement of symptoms occurs considerably earlier with @entity5 than with @entity3 .

title: @entity5 is superior to XXXX in the time to improvement of signs and symptoms of acute mild-to-moderate @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A 32 years old female was admitted to hospital due to acute @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity7 and liquid stools. Physical examination was normal except for @entity2 on her left inferior abdominal quadrant without peritoneal irritation signs. An abdominal CAT-scan suggested @entity10 at celiac trunk, although the echo Doppler showed no alterations except for signs of @entity1 in the distal branch of the superior mesenteric artery. An exploratory laparotomy was performed disclosing a @entity0 of the distal ileum and cecum, diffuse @entity5 and @entity10 of the ileocecoapendiculocolic artery. No @entity11 were found in the arteries of medium size examined. A history of @entity9 for the @entity13 years as well as acrocyanosis, asymmetry of pulses and blood pressure in the superior extremities was ascertained after the surgery. A MRI angiogram showed multiple stenoses and irregularities at the celiac trunk, hepatic, superior mesenteric and fibular arteries. No abnormalities at the aortic arch and its main branches were documented. @entity4 due to Candida sp complicated her postoperative period. After recovery, @entity3 1 mg/kg/day was started and the anticoagulation continued. The @entity8 , @entity9 and superior limb acrocyanosis disappeared. This is an unusual case of type IV @entity12 with acute abdominal signs as the first manifestation.

title: [Intestinal XXXX as clinical presentation of @entity12 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: A 32 years old female was admitted to hospital due to acute @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity7 and liquid stools. Physical examination was normal except for @entity2 on her left inferior abdominal quadrant without peritoneal irritation signs. An abdominal CAT-scan suggested @entity10 at celiac trunk, although the echo Doppler showed no alterations except for signs of @entity1 in the distal branch of the superior mesenteric artery. An exploratory laparotomy was performed disclosing a @entity0 of the distal ileum and cecum, diffuse @entity5 and @entity10 of the ileocecoapendiculocolic artery. No @entity11 were found in the arteries of medium size examined. A history of @entity9 for the @entity13 years as well as acrocyanosis, asymmetry of pulses and blood pressure in the superior extremities was ascertained after the surgery. A MRI angiogram showed multiple stenoses and irregularities at the celiac trunk, hepatic, superior mesenteric and fibular arteries. No abnormalities at the aortic arch and its main branches were documented. @entity4 due to Candida sp complicated her postoperative period. After recovery, @entity3 1 mg/kg/day was started and the anticoagulation continued. The @entity8 , @entity9 and superior limb acrocyanosis disappeared. This is an unusual case of type IV @entity12 with acute abdominal signs as the first manifestation.

title: [Intestinal @entity0 as clinical presentation of XXXX ].

answer: @entity12


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Small intestinal @entity2 absorption is increased in animal models of @entity1 , but little data are available in @entity0 . Small intestinal motility is reported to be frequently abnormal in @entity0 with @entity1 and could potentially affect @entity2 absorption. Our aim was to evaluate small intestinal @entity2 absorption and duodenal motor responses to intraduodenal nutrients, in @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 and controls. METHODS: Eight type 1 @entity0 (two with @entity3 ) and nine controls were studied during euglycemia. A manometric catheter was positioned across the pylorus, and nutrient infused intraduodenally (90 kcal over 30 min), followed by a bolus of @entity4 ( @entity5 ). Blood was sampled to measure @entity2 and @entity5 concentrations. RESULTS: During nutrient infusion, the number of duodenal waves did not differ between @entity0 and controls. After the infusion, @entity0 with @entity1 had more propagated duodenal wave sequences (p < 0.05). The area under the plasma @entity5 curve did not differ between the groups but correlated with both the blood @entity2 concentration at the time of @entity5 administration (r = 0.64, p < 0.005) and the number of duodenal waves (r = 0.52, p < 0.05) and antegrade propagated duodenal sequences (r = 0.51, p < 0.05) preceding the @entity5 bolus. CONCLUSIONS: During euglycemia, duodenal motor responses to small intestinal nutrient are comparable in @entity0 with relatively uncomplicated type 1 @entity1 and healthy subjects, but duodenal motility after nutrient infusion is increased in @entity0 . Small intestinal @entity2 absorption is similar in @entity0 and controls, but may be dependent on the blood @entity2 concentration and duodenal motor activity.

title: Small intestinal @entity2 absorption and duodenal motility in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Small intestinal @entity2 absorption is increased in animal models of @entity1 , but little data are available in @entity0 . Small intestinal motility is reported to be frequently abnormal in @entity0 with @entity1 and could potentially affect @entity2 absorption. Our aim was to evaluate small intestinal @entity2 absorption and duodenal motor responses to intraduodenal nutrients, in @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 and controls. METHODS: Eight type 1 @entity0 (two with @entity3 ) and nine controls were studied during euglycemia. A manometric catheter was positioned across the pylorus, and nutrient infused intraduodenally (90 kcal over 30 min), followed by a bolus of @entity4 ( @entity5 ). Blood was sampled to measure @entity2 and @entity5 concentrations. RESULTS: During nutrient infusion, the number of duodenal waves did not differ between @entity0 and controls. After the infusion, @entity0 with @entity1 had more propagated duodenal wave sequences (p < 0.05). The area under the plasma @entity5 curve did not differ between the groups but correlated with both the blood @entity2 concentration at the time of @entity5 administration (r = 0.64, p < 0.005) and the number of duodenal waves (r = 0.52, p < 0.05) and antegrade propagated duodenal sequences (r = 0.51, p < 0.05) preceding the @entity5 bolus. CONCLUSIONS: During euglycemia, duodenal motor responses to small intestinal nutrient are comparable in @entity0 with relatively uncomplicated type 1 @entity1 and healthy subjects, but duodenal motility after nutrient infusion is increased in @entity0 . Small intestinal @entity2 absorption is similar in @entity0 and controls, but may be dependent on the blood @entity2 concentration and duodenal motor activity.

title: Small intestinal XXXX absorption and duodenal motility in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if calprotectin is predictive for outcome in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: Fifty six @entity3 in- @entity0 with variable disease duration were prospectively followed for five years. Clinical and laboratory data were collected to assess disease activity. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and radiographic scores (of hands and wrists) as described by Larsen were used as outcome measures. Plasma calprotectin levels were determined with ELISA technique. RESULTS: Significant correlations (r) were found cross-sectionally at follow-up between @entity4 concentration and other known parameters of disease activity and severity: @entity5 (r = 0.67). investigator's global assessment of disease activity (r = 0.57). Waaler titre (r = 0.50). @entity2 score (r = 0.48) and number of swollen joints (r = 0.48). Calprotectin at baseline was not identified as an independent predictor for @entity2 or radiographic progression in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: The results confirm calprotectin as a good measure of disease activity and @entity1 in @entity3 . However, the level of calprotectin at baseline was not predictive for radiographic damage or functional impairment five years later.

title: Leukocyte protein calprotectin and outcome in XXXX . A longitudinal study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A 14-year-old male survived for nearly 3 years following a @entity2 . During this period he remained unconscious and electroencephalogram recordings indicated a virtual absence of neocortical activity. Clinically there was some retention of brainstem function evidenced by spontaneous respiration, eye movements, cough and swallow reflex. He was in a persistent vegetative state until his death. We believe this to be one of the longest surviving cases to be recorded. Neuropathological findings correlated with the clinical picture, and demonstrated the selective vulnerability of various areas within the brain. The brain was reduced in weight to 880 g. There was extensive @entity0 affecting the cortex and basal ganglia and the cerebellum showed severe loss of Purkinje and granule cells. In certain nuclei of the thalamus there was @entity1 and @entity3 . There was relative sparing of the brain stem. The superimposed effects of @entity4 is demonstrated in various sites.

title: Long survival after XXXX : case report and neuropathological findings.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We assessed the importance of @entity3 and immunologic response to 14-valent pneumococcal vaccine in a randomized (saline placebo or vaccine) double-blind pilot study involving 103 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Antibody titers, the flora of the sputum, @entity5 or @entity1 , and @entity2 were monitored. The patients' antibody titers before immunization were higher than healthy control subjects. Titers rose normally in those vaccinated but declined more rapidly. Differences between the group receiving placebo and vaccine were not significant at 12 and 24 months. The incidence of @entity1 was high before and after vaccine (47/1,000 vs 41/1,000 @entity0 -years). Nonpneumococcal causes predominated (73 percent of @entity1 ; 83.4 percent of @entity1 ). Isolates from sputum were predominantly nonvaccine types (50 to 62.5 percent). Twenty-seven @entity0 died; @entity1 occurred in six (one pneumococcal in a vaccinated @entity0 ) as a terminal complication of other diseases. Thus, although @entity1 occurred frequently in these @entity0 with @entity4 and contributed to mortality in 22 percent (six) of the 27 @entity2 , the predominance of nonpneumococcal causes and the data on antibodies and sputum suggest that pneumococcal vaccine may not be as beneficial for @entity0 with @entity4 as was hoped. More observations are needed.

title: Pneumococcal infection and immunologic response to pneumococcal vaccine in XXXX . A pilot study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: To evaluate the result of mitral valve repair in @entity1 due to @entity7 with or without @entity3 , 11 @entity0 were followed noninvasively for 2.0 to 3.5 years and clinically for at least 5 years in a prospective study. The @entity0 were operated upon before ominous signs of @entity6 appeared, all @entity0 being in functional class III, with an ejection fraction of at least 0.50 and mean velocity of circumferential fibre shortening above 1.0. There was no operative mortality. No @entity4 occurred during follow-up. Ten of the 11 @entity0 were alive 5 years postoperatively. One @entity0 died 9 months after the initial repair shortly after reoperation for mitral and @entity5 . The other @entity0 all showed definite clinical improvement. Confirming the experience of others, the two @entity0 with ruptured chordae to the anterior mitral leaflet and the only @entity0 with a thick anterior mitral leaflet all had moderate @entity2 postoperatively. Complete repair of @entity7 is feasible and gives a good functional result of long duration. The results of this study support early mitral repair when complete restoration of ventricular size and function is still possible.

title: Conservative surgery for XXXX with regurgitation: clinical follow-up and noninvasive assessment.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Afibrinogenaemia usually induces a @entity2 tendency during infancy, whereas @entity6 increases susceptibility to @entity3 in @entity0 or adolescence. Mutations of these genes have been, therefore, established as independent risk factors for @entity5 . We describe the homozygous mutation of the @entity4 alpha chain gene and additional heterozygous mutation of the protein C gene in a male @entity0 who showed prolonged umbilical @entity2 after birth. On examination, the plasma @entity4 was undetectable, and the activity and antigen level of protein C were reduced. The @entity0 showed no @entity4 Aalpha chain as well as Bbeta and gamma chains by Western blotting. The sequencing analysis showed the homozygous deletion of 1238 bases from intron 3 at position 2008 to intron 4 at position 3245 in the @entity4 alpha chain gene. Both parents were heterozygous carriers of this mutation. In this @entity0 , an additional mutation was also detected in the protein C gene: the heterozygous deletion of exon 7 at position 6161-6163 or 6164-6166, resulting the deletion of one @entity1 (Lys150 or 151). His mother was also a carrier of this mutation. As the simultaneous mutation of the @entity4 alpha chain and protein C genes has not been previously reported, the influence of the interaction between these two mutations on the clinical manifestations of this @entity0 should be carefully monitored for a long period.

title: Identification of simultaneous mutation of XXXX alpha chain and protein C genes in a Japanese kindred.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We studied the histological condition of the urothelium surrounding @entity2 in 65 @entity0 who underwent partial resection of the bladder. These examinations showed that @entity4 were always present, i.e. a direct transition from @entity1 to normal urothelium was never observed. The histological alterations were divided into 10 classes and their relative positions were determined with respect to the primary @entity1 site. The extension of urothelial alterations around the @entity1 and the severity of the alterations were related to the grade of the primary @entity1 . @entity6 were usually found next to the @entity1 , whereas hardly altered urothelium was located more distant to the primary @entity1 site. We found three atypical types of @entity5 more frequently than simple types of @entity5 in the vicinity of high grade (G3) @entity3 . Total @entity5 of basal cells was more frequent than @entity5 . Furthermore, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) with a persisting layer of normal superficial cells tended to be relatively far from the primary @entity1 site, whereas @entity7 without normal superficial cells was usually next to the primary site. Two models for the pathogenesis of the urothelial alterations surrounding @entity2 are briefly discussed.

title: Urothelial histopathology surrounding XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In 681 @entity0 admitted to the coronary care unit (CCU) at Sahlgrenska hospital between 1 May 1983 and 31 May 1984, due to suspected @entity2 ( @entity2 ), the hospital mortality and morbidity were related to whether the @entity0 were transferred to hospital by ambulance or not. In the ambulance group @entity2 developed in 48% (during the first 3 days in hospital) compared with 41% in the non-ambulance group (P = 0.10). The overall mortality rate was 10.4% in the ambulance group versus 3.8% in the non-ambulance group (P = 0.001). Corresponding figures for @entity2 @entity0 were 19.3% versus 9.1% (P = 0.02). In all, @entity0 referred by ambulance had larger @entity4 according to maximum serum enzyme activity and a higher incidence of @entity3 . Similar findings were observed when @entity2 @entity0 were analysed separately. On the other hand, the incidence of @entity5 , requirement for @entity6 , and the course of @entity1 was fairly similar in the two groups. In a multivariate analysis, @entity4 size was the major independent predictor for early mortality rate. We conclude that @entity0 who call for an ambulance due to suspected @entity2 appear to have a different early mortality and morbidity pattern compared to those who do not. The most obvious observation was a higher early mortality. These @entity0 therefore might be the most suitable candidates for early intervention studies.

title: Mortality and morbidity in suspected XXXX in relation to ambulance transport.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Traditionally, the results of exercise @entity5 scintigraphy were interpreted by transient defect analysis using initial and delayed images. Recently, washout rate analysis has been used for the relative quantification of exercise @entity5 scintigraphy. A diffuse slow washout from all myocardial regions has been defined as the indicator of extensive @entity3 . However, slow washout has occasionally been observed in normal cases and in healthy @entity2 which are not supplied by a stenosed artery in @entity0 with single or @entity1 . We evaluate the factors influencing washout rate in 100 normal @entity0 and 63 @entity0 with @entity4 (33 cases of @entity1 and 30 cases of @entity1 ). The washout rates were calculated using circumferential profile analysis. In normal @entity0 , washout rate was closely related to peak heart rate (r = 0.72) and inversely related to lung @entity5 uptake (r = -0.56). A diffuse slow washout was observed in seven (7%) of 100 normal @entity0 , six (18%) of 33 cases of @entity1 and eight (24%) of 30 cases of @entity1 . The @entity0 with diffuse slow washout showed significantly higher lung @entity5 uptake values and lower peak heart rates than those without diffuse slow washout (P less than 0.01). Thus, this false positive slow washout should be considered in the interpretation of quantitative exercise @entity5 scintigraphy.

title: Quantitative assessment of XXXX myocardial washout rate: importance of peak heart rate and lung @entity5 uptake in defining normal values.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Traditionally, the results of exercise @entity5 scintigraphy were interpreted by transient defect analysis using initial and delayed images. Recently, washout rate analysis has been used for the relative quantification of exercise @entity5 scintigraphy. A diffuse slow washout from all myocardial regions has been defined as the indicator of extensive @entity3 . However, slow washout has occasionally been observed in normal cases and in healthy @entity2 which are not supplied by a stenosed artery in @entity0 with single or @entity1 . We evaluate the factors influencing washout rate in 100 normal @entity0 and 63 @entity0 with @entity4 (33 cases of @entity1 and 30 cases of @entity1 ). The washout rates were calculated using circumferential profile analysis. In normal @entity0 , washout rate was closely related to peak heart rate (r = 0.72) and inversely related to lung @entity5 uptake (r = -0.56). A diffuse slow washout was observed in seven (7%) of 100 normal @entity0 , six (18%) of 33 cases of @entity1 and eight (24%) of 30 cases of @entity1 . The @entity0 with diffuse slow washout showed significantly higher lung @entity5 uptake values and lower peak heart rates than those without diffuse slow washout (P less than 0.01). Thus, this false positive slow washout should be considered in the interpretation of quantitative exercise @entity5 scintigraphy.

title: Quantitative assessment of @entity5 myocardial washout rate: importance of peak heart rate and lung XXXX uptake in defining normal values.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: An elevation in intramucosal-arterial PCO2 gradient (DeltaPCO2) could be determined either by tissue @entity1 or by reduced blood flow. Our hypothesis was that in @entity1 with preserved blood flow, DeltaPCO2 should not be altered. METHODS: In 17 anesthetized and mechanically ventilated @entity3 , @entity0 delivery was reduced by decreasing flow ( @entity5 , @entity7 ) or arterial @entity0 saturation ( @entity1 , @entity6 ), or no intervention was made (sham). In the @entity7 group (n = 6), blood flow was lowered by stepwise @entity2 ; in the @entity6 group (n = 6), @entity4 was instilled intratracheally. We measured cardiac output, superior mesenteric blood flow, gases, hemoglobin, and @entity0 saturations in arterial blood, mixed venous blood, and mesenteric venous blood, and ileal intramucosal PCO2 by tonometry. Systemic and intestinal @entity0 transport and consumption were calculated, as was DeltaPCO2. After basal measurements, measurements were repeated at 30, 60, and 90 minutes. RESULTS: Both progressive @entity2 and @entity4 aspiration provoked critical reductions in systemic and intestinal @entity0 delivery and consumption. No changes occurred in the sham group. DeltaPCO2 increased in the @entity7 group (12 +/- 10 [mean +/- SD] versus 40 +/- 13 mmHg; P < 0.001), but remained unchanged in @entity6 and in the sham group (13 +/- 6 versus 10 +/- 13 mmHg and 8 +/- 5 versus 9 +/- 6 mmHg; not significant). DISCUSSION: In this experimental model of @entity1 with preserved blood flow, DeltaPCO2 was not modified during dependence of @entity0 uptake on @entity0 transport. These results suggest that DeltaPCO2 might be determined primarily by blood flow.

title: Intramucosal-arterial PCO2 gap fails to reflect intestinal dysoxia in XXXX .

answer: @entity1