abstract: We infused experimentally @entity0 animals continuously with exogenous insulin for periods of up to 324 days. Direct intravenous infusions from a prototype of an implantable device were used to explore whether this route can achieve repetitive control of fasting glycaemia within normal limits, here defined as being between 60 and 120 mg/dl. Fasting plasma @entity1 levels were controlled by simply adjusting the rate of exogenous insulin delivery when the observed level was outside the range of 100-120 mg/dl. An analysis of the results obtained indicated that 73% (427/591) of the fasting plasma @entity1 levels were within these normal limits. Remarkably, only 1% (6/591) of them were below 60 mg/dl, the lowest being 42 mg/dl. Hyperglycaemia above 150 mg/dl was seen in 11% (67/591) of the observations. However, all (6/6) of the hypoglycaemic episodes and most, 87% (58/67), of the hyperglycaemic episodes were of an accountable nature secondary to mechanical failures, electrical failures, methodologic or other problems encountered episodically during the long course of these studies. Two parallel control groups of experimentally @entity0 animals received the same diet and were treated prospectively by daily subcutaneous injections for periods up to 224 days. The goal of this treatment was to attain metabolic control by either "conventional" or "intensified" injection methods. To these ends, fasting plasma @entity1 levels were measured on a daily basis (5 days/week) in both groups, and also at intervals postprandially in the intensively controlled group. These data were used to adjust insulin dosages. An analysis of the results indicated that only 24% (148/617) of the fasting plasma @entity1 levels were within the normal limits.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pumped intravenous insulin in experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Forty gay male couples participated in a questionnaire study comparing relationships that partners agreed were sexually open (N = 23) and relationships that partners agreed were sexually closed (N = 17). No significant differences were found in the quality of open versus closed relationships. Almost all @entity0 (93%) said they were in love with their partner. On scales assessing degree of love and liking for the partner, @entity0 in open and closed relationships were indistinguishable. Nor did the two types of relationships differ in measures of satisfaction and commitment. It appears that sexually open and closed relationships can be equally satisfying. It has been suggested that gay male relationships typically go through predictable stages in which an initial "honeymoon" of @entity1 is inevitably followed by a change to @entity2 . Only 20% of our couples followed this pattern, however. The remaining 80% showed diverse patterns such as continued exclusivity throughout the relationship or a change from initial @entity2 to @entity1 . @entity0 's reasons for having an open or closed relationship were diverse. Personal attitudes and values about the merits of exclusivity were an important factor. @entity0 in open relationships also emphasized the benefits of sexual variety and personal independence. @entity0 in closed relationships stressed their desire to avoid jealousy. Although partners' agreements about whether their relationship should be open or closed had a significant effect on their actual sexual behavior, some discrepancies were found. Most @entity0 in closed relationships had had at least one outside sexual liaison, although they reported having many fewer sex partners than @entity0 in open relationships.

title: XXXX in gay male couples.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: The mechanical characteristics of the @entity0 free @entity4 , in vivo, remains largely unknown. The present study evaluated the @entity2 of the medial gastrocnemius muscle during voluntary isometric contraction. METHODS: Ultrasonography-obtained @entity4 complex, electromyography of the gastrocnemius, soleus, and dorsiflexor muscles, and @entity3 were recorded during isometric plantarflexion (n = 5). Tendon cross-sectional area, moment arm and segment lengths (L(o)) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Tendon force was calculated from joint moments and tendon moment arm, and stress was obtained by dividing force by cross-sectional area. The difference between the free @entity4 complex deformation yielded separate distal aponeurosis deformation. Longitudinal aponeurosis and @entity5 were obtained from the deformations normalized to segment lengths. RESULTS: At a common tendon force of 2641 +/- 306 N, the respective deformation and Lo were 5.85 +/- 0.85 and 74 +/- 0.8 mm for the free tendon and 2.12 +/- 0.64 and 145 +/- 1.3 mm for the distal aponeurosis, P < 0.05. Longitudinal strain was 8.0 +/- 1.2% for the tendon and 1.4 +/- 0.4% for the aponeurosis, P < 0.01. Stiffness and stored energy was 759 +/- 132 N mm(-1) and 6.14 +/- 1.89 J, respectively, for the free tendon. @entity4 was 73 +/- 4 @entity1 , yielding a stress of 36.5 +/- 4.6 MPa and Young's modulus of 788 +/- 181 MPa. CONCLUSION: The free Achilles tendon demonstrates greater strain compared with that of the distal (deep) aponeurosis during voluntary isometric contraction, which suggests that separate functional roles may exist during in vivo force transmission.

title: Differential strain patterns of the XXXX gastrocnemius aponeurosis and free tendon, in vivo.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Non-Herlitz @entity6 (nH-JEB) is caused predominantly by mutations leading to premature stop codons on both alleles of the type XVII collagen gene ( @entity8 ). The analysis of mutations in this gene has provided a means of correlating genotype with phenotype of nH-JEB @entity0 . The phenotype of nH-JEB is characterized by generalized blistering of skin and mucous membranes with @entity5 and @entity7 . @entity3 is a distinct feature of nH-JEB @entity0 , but one that is not associated with the severity of the disease at other sites. @entity4 and pitting of the teeth are also characteristic for nH-JEB and can be used to facilitate the correct diagnosis in @entity0 with a blistering @entity2 . Analysis of the biological consequences of mutations in the @entity8 gene has shown that most @entity0 lack type XVII collagen mRNA due to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. @entity0 with these mutations can therefore be a target for corrective gene therapy using vectors coding for full-length type XVII collagen. Proof of principle for this approach has recently been demonstrated. The analysis of naturally occurring phenomena of gene correction in the @entity8 gene provides evidence for other mechanisms of gene correction in @entity1 . For example, exclusion of an exon carrying a mutation can lead to a milder phenotype of nH-JEB than predicted by the original mutation. In addition, we have gained data suggesting that @entity8 exons harbouring pathogenic mutations can also be repaired by trans-splicing, i.e. aligning corrected RNA sequences to introns in the vicinity of faulty exons in the @entity8 premtRNA.

title: Type XVII collagen gene mutations in XXXX and prospects for gene therapy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The weight, length, width and volume of ovaries were determined as well as the number of follicles visible on the surface in relation to the presence of @entity0 on the ovary in autumn period after @entity3 application. The ovaries of 43 @entity2 of the Tsigai breed were examined at the age of 2--4 years. The animals were divided into five groups. First group (I) was the control (n = 6). In the luteal phase of sexual cycle the animals of groups II to V were applied i. m. 125 micrograms of @entity3 in @entity3 inf. Spofa preparation. According to groups II (n = 8), III (n = 10), IV (n = 9), V (n = 10) the animals were killed at intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours (h) from the preparation application. The removed ovaries were fixed in 10% neutral @entity1 ; after a 48-hour fixation they were weighed and their length and width were measured. Tertiary follicles visible on the surface were counted and measured. In group I we demonstrated the significantly higher weight of ovaries with @entity0 ( @entity0 ) as compared with ovaries without @entity0 (P less than 0.001). The weight of ovaries with @entity0 dropped significantly within 48 hours after @entity3 application as compared with control (P less than 0.001) and the difference in the ovary weight according to @entity0 incidence disappeared almost completely. In comparison with groups III and IV, the weight of ovaries in ewes of group V increased statistically significantly (P less than 0.01) on 5th day from the @entity3 application. This finding is a result of development of new @entity0 after a passed ovulation. The alterations in length, width and volume of ovaries were not so significant as those in weight. The number of surface follicles was very variable and the changes were not significant. The changes in the average size of follicles larger than 1 mm and of the largest follicles have shown that both parameters achieved significantly higher values in ovaries of the control group with present @entity0 in comparison with ovaries without @entity0 . The reduction of surface follicles after @entity3 application seems to be connected with a possible operation on contractile structures of the external theca folliculi.

title: [Biometric parameters of ovaries in the Tsigai strain of XXXX and their changes after administration of @entity3 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The weight, length, width and volume of ovaries were determined as well as the number of follicles visible on the surface in relation to the presence of @entity0 on the ovary in autumn period after @entity3 application. The ovaries of 43 @entity2 of the Tsigai breed were examined at the age of 2--4 years. The animals were divided into five groups. First group (I) was the control (n = 6). In the luteal phase of sexual cycle the animals of groups II to V were applied i. m. 125 micrograms of @entity3 in @entity3 inf. Spofa preparation. According to groups II (n = 8), III (n = 10), IV (n = 9), V (n = 10) the animals were killed at intervals of 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours (h) from the preparation application. The removed ovaries were fixed in 10% neutral @entity1 ; after a 48-hour fixation they were weighed and their length and width were measured. Tertiary follicles visible on the surface were counted and measured. In group I we demonstrated the significantly higher weight of ovaries with @entity0 ( @entity0 ) as compared with ovaries without @entity0 (P less than 0.001). The weight of ovaries with @entity0 dropped significantly within 48 hours after @entity3 application as compared with control (P less than 0.001) and the difference in the ovary weight according to @entity0 incidence disappeared almost completely. In comparison with groups III and IV, the weight of ovaries in ewes of group V increased statistically significantly (P less than 0.01) on 5th day from the @entity3 application. This finding is a result of development of new @entity0 after a passed ovulation. The alterations in length, width and volume of ovaries were not so significant as those in weight. The number of surface follicles was very variable and the changes were not significant. The changes in the average size of follicles larger than 1 mm and of the largest follicles have shown that both parameters achieved significantly higher values in ovaries of the control group with present @entity0 in comparison with ovaries without @entity0 . The reduction of surface follicles after @entity3 application seems to be connected with a possible operation on contractile structures of the external theca folliculi.

title: [Biometric parameters of ovaries in the Tsigai strain of @entity2 and their changes after administration of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: In spite of the improved quality of medical care for paraplegic @entity0 , @entity0 with @entity1 or @entity5 after severe @entity2 , the incidence of pressure sores has not diminished. Whilst superficial @entity4 usually heal with conservative treatment, deep established pressure sores rarely heal satisfactorily without surgical intervention. The various surgical procedures for closure of @entity6 with their classical localisation, i. e. sacral, trochanteric and ischial @entity4 , are critically discussed. The myocutaneous flaps offer a wide range of choices for coverage. Sometimes, however, it may be difficult to provide a good quality myocutaneous flap at one operation. In this paper 400 @entity0 with extensive bed sores operated upon during the last 20 years in the Clinic for Plastic Surgery in Cologne, applying the "slide-swing plasty" are reported. Some principles of the slide-swing plasty are to be respected: The flap should be tailored to the size and the shape of the @entity3 . Three basic forms of the method can be applied. The flap is placed to exploit the skin reserves surrounding the defect. The flap thickness should extend as far as the muscles. The advantages of this method are as follows: Extensive bed sores can be closed. Sometimes two or three @entity4 can be dealt within a single operation. Subsequent recurrences can be closed again using slide-swing plasty.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: In the past 13 years, 24 cases of @entity3 have been reported in the United States. Of these, 14 were @entity1 by Phocanema sp. and found in California and Alaska, and most were of the tissue non-invasive type. The remaining 10 cases were @entity1 by larvae of anisakis type I (L3 and L4). Of these 10 cases, 4 were found on the west coast, 5 were on the east coast and one was in Hawaii. In 3 of the 10 cases, the parasite invaded the digestive tract. A characteristic symptom of the throat named "tingling throat" was manifested in 16 of the 24 cases, and this symptom was found to be due to larvae of Phocanema in most cases. As a method for immunological diagnosis of @entity3 , the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) is being investigated as a cooperative study with Ishikura. As a result, IgE obtained from the sera of 4 @entity0 who had been parasitologically diagnosed as having the disease and one @entity0 in whom the parasite had not been confirmed but was clinically diagnosed as having the disease reacted strongly with anisakis larva antigens, and this reaction was able to be distinguished from the immune response to antigens of other Ascaris. On the other hand, when RAST was applied to @entity0 @entity2 @entity0 in Hawaii, they showed a strong response to the anisakis larva antigens. Because the causative factors of @entity0 @entity2 in Hawaii are few and the environmental conditions are also good (i.e., do not cause @entity2 ), their @entity2 is surmised to be helminth-associated @entity2 . In view of this background, as well, the results of RAST are interesting. When anisakis larva antigens were analyzed, a strong immunosuppressive effect was confirmed in the high molecular weight fraction (MW: greater than 10,000), while the presence of a substance having mutagenicity was confirmed in the low molecular weight fraction (MW: less than 10,000). In addition, in the sea near Hawaii, we discovered a novel species of Phocanema, which were named Terranova HA.

title: @entity0 and experimental XXXX in the United States.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In the past 13 years, 24 cases of @entity3 have been reported in the United States. Of these, 14 were @entity1 by Phocanema sp. and found in California and Alaska, and most were of the tissue non-invasive type. The remaining 10 cases were @entity1 by larvae of anisakis type I (L3 and L4). Of these 10 cases, 4 were found on the west coast, 5 were on the east coast and one was in Hawaii. In 3 of the 10 cases, the parasite invaded the digestive tract. A characteristic symptom of the throat named "tingling throat" was manifested in 16 of the 24 cases, and this symptom was found to be due to larvae of Phocanema in most cases. As a method for immunological diagnosis of @entity3 , the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) is being investigated as a cooperative study with Ishikura. As a result, IgE obtained from the sera of 4 @entity0 who had been parasitologically diagnosed as having the disease and one @entity0 in whom the parasite had not been confirmed but was clinically diagnosed as having the disease reacted strongly with anisakis larva antigens, and this reaction was able to be distinguished from the immune response to antigens of other Ascaris. On the other hand, when RAST was applied to @entity0 @entity2 @entity0 in Hawaii, they showed a strong response to the anisakis larva antigens. Because the causative factors of @entity0 @entity2 in Hawaii are few and the environmental conditions are also good (i.e., do not cause @entity2 ), their @entity2 is surmised to be helminth-associated @entity2 . In view of this background, as well, the results of RAST are interesting. When anisakis larva antigens were analyzed, a strong immunosuppressive effect was confirmed in the high molecular weight fraction (MW: greater than 10,000), while the presence of a substance having mutagenicity was confirmed in the low molecular weight fraction (MW: less than 10,000). In addition, in the sea near Hawaii, we discovered a novel species of Phocanema, which were named Terranova HA.

title: XXXX and experimental @entity3 in the United States.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study was undertaken to characterize blood gas, pH, and @entity2 changes during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in arterial and venous samples. Blood samples were withdrawn from the brachial artery, aortic arch, pulmonary artery, coronary sinus, and either the right or left cardiac ventricle of 24 anesthetized @entity0 . @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was induced electrically, and mechanical CPR was begun. Blood samples were withdrawn before CPR, at 2, 5, 7, and 9 minutes during CPR, and at 1, 3, 10, 30, and 60 minutes after defibrillation. Control arterial and venous samples indicated mild @entity1 . During CPR, there was a significant arteriovenous difference in pH, PCO2, and @entity4 . With ventilation onset, arterial pH increased 0.25 units, PCO2 decreased 22 mm Hg, and @entity4 increased 200 mm Hg. Venous blood gases exhibited gradual changes during the CPR period. With the re-establishment of circulation and spontaneous respirations, both the arterial and venous pH levels decreased to nearly 7.1, and PCO2 approached 40 mm Hg. @entity2 increased to 32 mg/dl during 9 minutes of CPR and did not significantly differ after defibrillation. Blood gases and pH returned to control values within an hour. This study suggests that arterial blood gases are sensitive to rapid changes occurring in the pulmonary capillary bed, while venous blood gases reflect changes occurring in the systemic capillary bed.

title: Venous and arterial blood gases during and after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The possibility was investigated to apply a commercially available automatic head-space sampler in trace analysis of @entity2 ( @entity3 , @entity2 ), in cereals. Samples of @entity0 and @entity1 flour were thermostatted in closed vials at 70 degrees C for 30 min. The top gas was then automatically introduced into a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector. Quantitation was performed using external standards (untreated samples spiked with solutions of EDB in @entity4 ). The relative standard deviation of the method was 3.4% for @entity0 and 4.5% for @entity1 flour, at a residue level of 0.008 mg/kg. The detection limit was 0.001 mg/kg (the official EC residue tolerance is 0.01 mg/kg). Preliminary experiments with other fumigants were carried out as well. The headspace technique in question has the following advantages over other methods for determining EDB residues in cereals: 1. No sample pre-treatment like extraction, steam distillation, purge and trap etc.; 2. Automated sample handling; 3. "Clean" chromatograms.

title: Automatic headspace sampling for determination of XXXX residues in cereals.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The feasibility of anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing @entity7 (MT), an extremely volatile and malodorous @entity1 compound, was investigated in lab-scale bioreactors. Inoculum biomass originating from full-scale anaerobic wastewater treatment facilities was used. Several sludges, tested for their ability to degrade MT, revealed the presence of organisms capable of metabolizing MT as their sole source of energy. Furthermore, batch tests were executed to gain a better understanding of the inhibition potential of MT. It was found that increasing MT concentrations affected acetotrophic organisms more dramatically than methylotrophic organisms. Continuous reactor experiments, using two lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors (R1 and R2), aimed to determine the maximal MT load and the effect of elevated @entity2 concentrations on MT conversion. Both reactors were operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of about 7 hours, a temperature of 30 degrees C, and a pH of between 7.3 and 7.6. At the highest influent MT concentration applied, 14 mM in R1, corresponding to a volumetric loading rate of about 50 mM MT per day, 87% of the organic @entity1 was recovered as @entity3 (12.2 mM) and the remainder as volatile organic @entity1 compounds (VOSCs). Upon decreasing the HRT to 3.5 to 4.0 h at a constant MT loading rate, the @entity2 concentration in the reactor decreased to 8 mM and MT conversion efficiency increased to values near 100%. MT conversion was apparently inhibited by the high @entity2 concentrations in the reactor. The specific MT degradation rate, as determined after 120 days of operation in R1, was 2.83 +/- 0.27 mmol MT g VSS(-1) day(-1). During biological desulfurization of liquid @entity5 phases, such as with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), the combined removal of @entity3 and MT is desired. In R2, the simultaneous addition of @entity6 and MT was therefore studied and the effect of elevated @entity2 concentrations was investigated. The addition of @entity6 resulted in enhanced disintegration of sludge granules, causing significant washout of biomass. Additional @entity0 , added to stimulate growth of methanogenic bacteria to promote granulation, was hardly converted at the termination of the experimental period.

title: Development of a novel process for the biological conversion of H2S and @entity7 to elemental XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The feasibility of anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing @entity7 (MT), an extremely volatile and malodorous @entity1 compound, was investigated in lab-scale bioreactors. Inoculum biomass originating from full-scale anaerobic wastewater treatment facilities was used. Several sludges, tested for their ability to degrade MT, revealed the presence of organisms capable of metabolizing MT as their sole source of energy. Furthermore, batch tests were executed to gain a better understanding of the inhibition potential of MT. It was found that increasing MT concentrations affected acetotrophic organisms more dramatically than methylotrophic organisms. Continuous reactor experiments, using two lab-scale upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactors (R1 and R2), aimed to determine the maximal MT load and the effect of elevated @entity2 concentrations on MT conversion. Both reactors were operated at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of about 7 hours, a temperature of 30 degrees C, and a pH of between 7.3 and 7.6. At the highest influent MT concentration applied, 14 mM in R1, corresponding to a volumetric loading rate of about 50 mM MT per day, 87% of the organic @entity1 was recovered as @entity3 (12.2 mM) and the remainder as volatile organic @entity1 compounds (VOSCs). Upon decreasing the HRT to 3.5 to 4.0 h at a constant MT loading rate, the @entity2 concentration in the reactor decreased to 8 mM and MT conversion efficiency increased to values near 100%. MT conversion was apparently inhibited by the high @entity2 concentrations in the reactor. The specific MT degradation rate, as determined after 120 days of operation in R1, was 2.83 +/- 0.27 mmol MT g VSS(-1) day(-1). During biological desulfurization of liquid @entity5 phases, such as with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), the combined removal of @entity3 and MT is desired. In R2, the simultaneous addition of @entity6 and MT was therefore studied and the effect of elevated @entity2 concentrations was investigated. The addition of @entity6 resulted in enhanced disintegration of sludge granules, causing significant washout of biomass. Additional @entity0 , added to stimulate growth of methanogenic bacteria to promote granulation, was hardly converted at the termination of the experimental period.

title: Development of a novel process for the biological conversion of H2S and XXXX to elemental @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The effects of arterial blood pressure and heart rate on @entity4 were studied in a @entity3 model of @entity8 . Systolic thickening of a region of myocardium supplied by a cannulated coronary artery was used as a measure of @entity0 shortage. A glass @entity5 in an external perfusion circuit that provided blood to the cannulated vessel was used to limit coronary flow. Mean arterial pressure was controlled by a blood reservoir and @entity6 infusion and stabilized at four levels: 60, 80, 100, and 120 mmHg. At each blood pressure level, heart rate was increased by ventricular pacing in steps from 50 to 150 beats/min. Systolic thickening was measured at each of the resulting 20 combinations of blood pressure and heart rate. Measurements were made before cannulation, to serve as an unstenosed control, and following cannulation in the presence of moderate and severe stenoses. In the presence of the severe @entity5 , @entity7 occurred when mean arterial pressure was decreased to 60 mmHg. At this pressure, dysfunction was most dramatic at rapid heart rates. In contrast, @entity2 to a mean arterial pressure of 120 mmHg was well tolerated in these nonfailing hearts. Importantly, no single value of either blood pressure or heart rate was found to be associated with @entity1 . The threshold for rate-induced @entity1 depended on the coexisting value of blood pressure and vice versa. @entity1 was absent if mean arterial pressure exceeded heart rate, that is, if the pressure-rate ratio exceeded one.

title: Hemodynamic determinants of ischemic myocardial dysfunction in the presence of XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The effects of arterial blood pressure and heart rate on @entity4 were studied in a @entity3 model of @entity8 . Systolic thickening of a region of myocardium supplied by a cannulated coronary artery was used as a measure of @entity0 shortage. A glass @entity5 in an external perfusion circuit that provided blood to the cannulated vessel was used to limit coronary flow. Mean arterial pressure was controlled by a blood reservoir and @entity6 infusion and stabilized at four levels: 60, 80, 100, and 120 mmHg. At each blood pressure level, heart rate was increased by ventricular pacing in steps from 50 to 150 beats/min. Systolic thickening was measured at each of the resulting 20 combinations of blood pressure and heart rate. Measurements were made before cannulation, to serve as an unstenosed control, and following cannulation in the presence of moderate and severe stenoses. In the presence of the severe @entity5 , @entity7 occurred when mean arterial pressure was decreased to 60 mmHg. At this pressure, dysfunction was most dramatic at rapid heart rates. In contrast, @entity2 to a mean arterial pressure of 120 mmHg was well tolerated in these nonfailing hearts. Importantly, no single value of either blood pressure or heart rate was found to be associated with @entity1 . The threshold for rate-induced @entity1 depended on the coexisting value of blood pressure and vice versa. @entity1 was absent if mean arterial pressure exceeded heart rate, that is, if the pressure-rate ratio exceeded one.

title: Hemodynamic determinants of ischemic myocardial dysfunction in the presence of @entity8 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Mechanisms involved in stimulation of the synthesis of malic enzyme by @entity4 and @entity1 and in inhibition of synthesis by glucagon have been investigated by assessing levels and rates of synthesis of malic enzyme mRNA in @entity0 embryo hepatocytes in culture. @entity4 alone had no effect on the level of malic enzyme mRNA, whereas @entity1 by itself caused a 7-fold increase. @entity4 plus @entity1 caused an 11-fold increase. Glucagon caused a 93% decrease in the accumulation of malic enzyme mRNA caused by @entity4 plus @entity1 . Although the relative changes in mRNA level are smaller in magnitude, they are qualitatively similar to the effects of these hormones on synthesis of malic enzyme, suggesting that control is exerted primarily at pretranslational steps. After addition of @entity1 , malic enzyme mRNA accumulated with sigmoidal kinetics, approaching a new steady state at 36-48 h after adding hormone. @entity3 , an inhibitor of protein synthesis, blocked the effect of @entity1 if added 30 min prior to the hormone and inhibited further accumulation of malic enzyme mRNA if added 24 h after @entity1 . However, @entity3 had no effect on the level of beta-tubulin mRNA (t1/2 = 3-5 h), suggesting that the effect of @entity1 on malic enzyme mRNA required synthesis of a peptide. @entity1 increased transcription of the malic enzyme gene by 2-fold and level of its mRNA by 11-14-fold, indicating regulation is primarily at a post-transcriptional step. Glucagon caused malic enzyme mRNA to decay with a half-life of 1.5 h, whereas alpha-amanitin or @entity2 , inhibitors of transcription, caused the mRNA to decay with a half-life of 8-11 h. The effect of glucagon was entirely post-transcriptional because the hormone had no effect on transcription. Taken together, these results suggest a model in which @entity1 regulates production of a peptide that stabilizes malic enzyme transcripts in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus. Glucagon may inhibit activity of the peptide induced by @entity1 .

title: Hormonal regulation of lipogenic enzymes in XXXX embryo hepatocytes in culture. Thyroid hormone and glucagon regulate malic enzyme mRNA level at post-transcriptional steps.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In September 1984, an outbreak of @entity5 O157:H7 @entity3 occurred in a nursing home. It was the first recognized outbreak of this organism in the United States since 1982, when two outbreaks led to its recognition as a pathogen. Thirty-four of 101 residents developed a @entity10 ; 14 were hospitalized with a severe illness characterized by crampy abdominal @entity1 , marked @entity8 , and grossly bloody @entity4 , and four died. The spectrum of illness associated with the @entity3 was broad and included the following: @entity9 , nonbloody @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity2 . Clinical, radiographic, and postmortem pathological findings suggested involvement of the cecum and right colon. No evidence of response to antimicrobial agents could be documented, and antidiarrheal agents may have aggravated the disease. This investigation implicated hamburger as the vehicle transmission. Seventeen of 19 residents with @entity6 , but only 28 of 67 healthy residents, had eaten hamburger on 13 September (P less than .001, Fisher's two-tailed exact test; relative risk [RR] = 7.7). Infection with @entity5 O157:H7 can cause a wide range of manifestations. In the elderly these can be particularly severe and may resemble @entity0 .

title: @entity5 O157:H7 XXXX in a nursing home: clinical, epidemiological, and pathological findings.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In September 1984, an outbreak of @entity5 O157:H7 @entity3 occurred in a nursing home. It was the first recognized outbreak of this organism in the United States since 1982, when two outbreaks led to its recognition as a pathogen. Thirty-four of 101 residents developed a @entity10 ; 14 were hospitalized with a severe illness characterized by crampy abdominal @entity1 , marked @entity8 , and grossly bloody @entity4 , and four died. The spectrum of illness associated with the @entity3 was broad and included the following: @entity9 , nonbloody @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity2 . Clinical, radiographic, and postmortem pathological findings suggested involvement of the cecum and right colon. No evidence of response to antimicrobial agents could be documented, and antidiarrheal agents may have aggravated the disease. This investigation implicated hamburger as the vehicle transmission. Seventeen of 19 residents with @entity6 , but only 28 of 67 healthy residents, had eaten hamburger on 13 September (P less than .001, Fisher's two-tailed exact test; relative risk [RR] = 7.7). Infection with @entity5 O157:H7 can cause a wide range of manifestations. In the elderly these can be particularly severe and may resemble @entity0 .

title: XXXX O157:H7 @entity4 in a nursing home: clinical, epidemiological, and pathological findings.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been shown that drugs comprise a group of non-peptide antigens that can be recognized by @entity0 T cells in the context of HLA class II and that this recognition is involved in @entity1 . Recent studies have demonstrated a MHC-restricted but processing- and metabolism-independent pathway for the presentation of allergenic drugs such as @entity6 and @entity2 ( @entity5 ) to drug-specific T cells. However, there is little information so far on the precise molecular mechanisms of this non-covalent drug presentation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the requirements for a specific peptide occupying the groove of the MHC class II molecule for the efficient presentation of non-covalently bound drugs to @entity3 + T cells. METHODS: We analysed the effect of coincubation or prepulse of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with different peptides on the proliferative responses of @entity5 -specific @entity3 + T cell clones. In a second series of experiments, we eluted HLA-bound peptides from the surface of @entity4 by mild acid treatment. Successful removal of peptides was tested directly using labelled peptides and functionally by monitoring activation and proliferation of peptide-specific T cell clones. Finally, the presentation of @entity5 to @entity5 -specific T cell clones before and after elution of MHC class II bound peptides was tested. RESULTS: We found that neither peptide coincubation nor peptide prepulse of @entity4 altered the proliferative response of @entity5 -specific T cells. @entity4 treated with the acid for a short time retained cell viability, MHC class II expression and antigen presenting cell function. However, defined peptides could be eluted from surface MHC class II molecules nearly quantitatively. Nevertheless, the chemically non-reactive drug @entity5 could still be presented to specific T cells independent of the presence of distinct self-peptides. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that small molecules like drugs can bind to a multitude of HLA-bound peptides or that, similar to superantigens, they might bind directly to HLA.

title: Non-covalent presentation of XXXX to @entity0 @entity3 + T cells is independent of distinct human leucocyte antigen-bound peptides.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been shown that drugs comprise a group of non-peptide antigens that can be recognized by @entity0 T cells in the context of HLA class II and that this recognition is involved in @entity1 . Recent studies have demonstrated a MHC-restricted but processing- and metabolism-independent pathway for the presentation of allergenic drugs such as @entity6 and @entity2 ( @entity5 ) to drug-specific T cells. However, there is little information so far on the precise molecular mechanisms of this non-covalent drug presentation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the requirements for a specific peptide occupying the groove of the MHC class II molecule for the efficient presentation of non-covalently bound drugs to @entity3 + T cells. METHODS: We analysed the effect of coincubation or prepulse of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with different peptides on the proliferative responses of @entity5 -specific @entity3 + T cell clones. In a second series of experiments, we eluted HLA-bound peptides from the surface of @entity4 by mild acid treatment. Successful removal of peptides was tested directly using labelled peptides and functionally by monitoring activation and proliferation of peptide-specific T cell clones. Finally, the presentation of @entity5 to @entity5 -specific T cell clones before and after elution of MHC class II bound peptides was tested. RESULTS: We found that neither peptide coincubation nor peptide prepulse of @entity4 altered the proliferative response of @entity5 -specific T cells. @entity4 treated with the acid for a short time retained cell viability, MHC class II expression and antigen presenting cell function. However, defined peptides could be eluted from surface MHC class II molecules nearly quantitatively. Nevertheless, the chemically non-reactive drug @entity5 could still be presented to specific T cells independent of the presence of distinct self-peptides. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that small molecules like drugs can bind to a multitude of HLA-bound peptides or that, similar to superantigens, they might bind directly to HLA.

title: Non-covalent presentation of @entity2 to @entity0 XXXX + T cells is independent of distinct human leucocyte antigen-bound peptides.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been shown that drugs comprise a group of non-peptide antigens that can be recognized by @entity0 T cells in the context of HLA class II and that this recognition is involved in @entity1 . Recent studies have demonstrated a MHC-restricted but processing- and metabolism-independent pathway for the presentation of allergenic drugs such as @entity6 and @entity2 ( @entity5 ) to drug-specific T cells. However, there is little information so far on the precise molecular mechanisms of this non-covalent drug presentation. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the requirements for a specific peptide occupying the groove of the MHC class II molecule for the efficient presentation of non-covalently bound drugs to @entity3 + T cells. METHODS: We analysed the effect of coincubation or prepulse of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with different peptides on the proliferative responses of @entity5 -specific @entity3 + T cell clones. In a second series of experiments, we eluted HLA-bound peptides from the surface of @entity4 by mild acid treatment. Successful removal of peptides was tested directly using labelled peptides and functionally by monitoring activation and proliferation of peptide-specific T cell clones. Finally, the presentation of @entity5 to @entity5 -specific T cell clones before and after elution of MHC class II bound peptides was tested. RESULTS: We found that neither peptide coincubation nor peptide prepulse of @entity4 altered the proliferative response of @entity5 -specific T cells. @entity4 treated with the acid for a short time retained cell viability, MHC class II expression and antigen presenting cell function. However, defined peptides could be eluted from surface MHC class II molecules nearly quantitatively. Nevertheless, the chemically non-reactive drug @entity5 could still be presented to specific T cells independent of the presence of distinct self-peptides. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that small molecules like drugs can bind to a multitude of HLA-bound peptides or that, similar to superantigens, they might bind directly to HLA.

title: Non-covalent presentation of @entity2 to XXXX @entity3 + T cells is independent of distinct human leucocyte antigen-bound peptides.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Platelet adhesion to monomeric collagen types I and III, which were purified from @entity0 umbilical arteries, was studied in a perfusion chamber under well defined flow conditions. For this purpose, glass coverslips were coated with 20-30 micrograms/cm2 of collagen types I and III by spraying a solution of these collagens with a retouching air brush. Platelet deposition increased with the time of perfusion. Adhesion to both collagen types was similar in the first 3 min, but @entity3 occurred on collagen type III after 3 min due to @entity2 formation. Adhesion at a shear rate of 800 s-1 was strongly impaired with plasma of a @entity0 with @entity5 or with fibronectin-free plasma. Addition of purified fibronectin to fibronectin-free plasma restored adhesion to the level obtained with normal plasma. Platelet deposition in normal plasma increased with increasing shear rates. Platelet deposition in VWD-plasma was normal at 490 s-1, but there was no increase at higher shear rates. Platelet deposition in fibronectin-free plasma was diminished at all shear rates studied from 490 to 1,300 s-1. Perfusion with a @entity0 albumin solution (HAS) to which purified @entity5 factor complex ( @entity4 - @entity6 ) and fibronectin had been added gave similar platelet deposition as with normal plasma. Preincubation of collagen with @entity4 - @entity6 and perfusion with HAS containing fibronectin, or, conversely, preincubation with fibronectin and perfusion with HAS containing @entity4 - @entity6 , also resulted in adhesion similar to that observed in normal plasma. Similar adhesion was also observed after preincubation with both @entity4 - @entity6 and fibronectin and subsequent perfusion with HAS alone. Sequential preincubations with first @entity4 - @entity6 and then fibronectin, or with first fibronectin and then @entity4 - @entity6 followed by perfusion with HAS, also gave a similar adhesion as observed with normal plasma. These data indicate that platelet adhesion to monomeric collagen types I and III is dependent on both @entity4 - @entity6 and fibronectin. @entity4 - @entity6 is only required at relatively high shear rates; fibronectin also at relatively low shear rates. Their complementary role in platelet adhesion suggests separate binding sites for @entity4 - @entity6 and fibronectin on collagen. Platelet deposition on performed fibrils of collagen types I and III was also studied. Initial adhesion expressed as percentage surface coverage was similar to that found with monomeric collagen, but @entity2 formation was much enhanced. Adhesion on fibrillar collagen at 800 s(-1) was @entity1 and fibronectin-free plasma, and was restored by addition of purified fibronectin to fibronectin-free plasma. When perfusions were performed with HAS, only addition of @entity4 - @entity6 was required for optimal adhesion to fibrillar collagen; addition of fibronectin had no effect. These data are in contrast to the studies with monomeric collagens described above, in which the addition of both @entity4 - @entity6 and fibronectin was required. These data are also in contrast to the observation that in plasma both @entity4 - @entity6 and fibronectin are required for optimal adhesion to fibrillar collagen.

title: XXXX factor and fibronectin in the interaction of platelets in flowing blood with monomeric and fibrillar @entity0 collagen types I and III.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Platelet adhesion to monomeric collagen types I and III, which were purified from @entity0 umbilical arteries, was studied in a perfusion chamber under well defined flow conditions. For this purpose, glass coverslips were coated with 20-30 micrograms/cm2 of collagen types I and III by spraying a solution of these collagens with a retouching air brush. Platelet deposition increased with the time of perfusion. Adhesion to both collagen types was similar in the first 3 min, but @entity3 occurred on collagen type III after 3 min due to @entity2 formation. Adhesion at a shear rate of 800 s-1 was strongly impaired with plasma of a @entity0 with @entity5 or with fibronectin-free plasma. Addition of purified fibronectin to fibronectin-free plasma restored adhesion to the level obtained with normal plasma. Platelet deposition in normal plasma increased with increasing shear rates. Platelet deposition in VWD-plasma was normal at 490 s-1, but there was no increase at higher shear rates. Platelet deposition in fibronectin-free plasma was diminished at all shear rates studied from 490 to 1,300 s-1. Perfusion with a @entity0 albumin solution (HAS) to which purified @entity5 factor complex ( @entity4 - @entity6 ) and fibronectin had been added gave similar platelet deposition as with normal plasma. Preincubation of collagen with @entity4 - @entity6 and perfusion with HAS containing fibronectin, or, conversely, preincubation with fibronectin and perfusion with HAS containing @entity4 - @entity6 , also resulted in adhesion similar to that observed in normal plasma. Similar adhesion was also observed after preincubation with both @entity4 - @entity6 and fibronectin and subsequent perfusion with HAS alone. Sequential preincubations with first @entity4 - @entity6 and then fibronectin, or with first fibronectin and then @entity4 - @entity6 followed by perfusion with HAS, also gave a similar adhesion as observed with normal plasma. These data indicate that platelet adhesion to monomeric collagen types I and III is dependent on both @entity4 - @entity6 and fibronectin. @entity4 - @entity6 is only required at relatively high shear rates; fibronectin also at relatively low shear rates. Their complementary role in platelet adhesion suggests separate binding sites for @entity4 - @entity6 and fibronectin on collagen. Platelet deposition on performed fibrils of collagen types I and III was also studied. Initial adhesion expressed as percentage surface coverage was similar to that found with monomeric collagen, but @entity2 formation was much enhanced. Adhesion on fibrillar collagen at 800 s(-1) was @entity1 and fibronectin-free plasma, and was restored by addition of purified fibronectin to fibronectin-free plasma. When perfusions were performed with HAS, only addition of @entity4 - @entity6 was required for optimal adhesion to fibrillar collagen; addition of fibronectin had no effect. These data are in contrast to the studies with monomeric collagens described above, in which the addition of both @entity4 - @entity6 and fibronectin was required. These data are also in contrast to the observation that in plasma both @entity4 - @entity6 and fibronectin are required for optimal adhesion to fibrillar collagen.

title: @entity5 factor and fibronectin in the interaction of platelets in flowing blood with monomeric and fibrillar XXXX collagen types I and III.

answer: @entity0


abstract: During @entity1 increased levels of lysoglycerophospholipids have been reported which may be deleterious to myocardial function. Phospholipases are presumed to be important in the regulation of this process. To further quantify and characterize the activity of heart phospholipases, we carried out a systematic analysis of @entity4 activity in @entity0 heart subcellular fractions isolated by the method of Palmer et al. (J. Biol. Chem. 1972. 262: 8731-8739). Neutral @entity4 was recovered predominately in the cytosolic (soluble) fraction which represented 46% of recovered activity, while the microsomal and subsarcolemmal mitochondrial fractions represented 15% and 12% of the total recovered activity, respectively. Cytosolic @entity4 differed from the two principal membrane-bound phospholipases A in its pH dependence and apparent Km for substrate. The cytosolic enzyme had a Km (apparent) for @entity3 of 0.07 mM versus 0.28-0.33 mM for the membrane-associated phospholipases A. Acid @entity4 activity had a subcellular distribution consistent with a lysosomal localization. @entity5 was found principally in the cytosolic, microsomal, and the subsarcolemmal and interfibrillar mitochondrial fractions where it represented 46, 17, 6.3, and 6.9% of the recovered activity, respectively. The positional specificity of the respective phospholipases was assessed. This analysis was complicated by the fact that in heart, @entity5 has an observed Vmax 3.6- to 4.5-fold greater than that of @entity4 in the various subcellular fractions. Equations were derived to obtain corrected values for the activity of phospholipases A1 and A2. Using this method we found that the cytosolic and lysosomal fractions contained phospholipase A1, while the mitochondrial fractions contained primarily phospholipase A2. In heart microsomes, the positional specificity of @entity4 could not be determined because @entity5 activity was very high and @entity2 did not accumulate.

title: Subcellular localization of the phospholipases A of XXXX heart: evidence for a cytosolic phospholipase A1.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 is a rare @entity0 with @entity14 and with limited effective treatment options for recurrent and metastatic cases. Recent clinical trials indicated a potential for anti-angiogenic, anti- @entity6 and immunotherapeutic approaches for @entity1 with @entity5 , which led us to investigate these and other targetable pathways in @entity0 . Thirty-six @entity3 (including 8 @entity2 with two cases having matched primary and @entity2 ) were profiled using gene sequencing, gene copy number analysis, whole genome expression, and protein expression. Whole genome expression analysis demonstrated consistent over-expression of genes involved in angiogenesis including @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity13 , @entity7 , and @entity16 . @entity6 protein overexpression was observed in 26/27 (96%) of cases with amplification of the @entity6 gene in 8/24 (33%) cases. Two @entity6 mutations were identified including EGFRvIII and a presumed pathogenic @entity17 mutation, respectively. The most common pathogenic mutations included @entity8 (50%) and @entity15 (15%). Cases with matched primary and @entity2 harbored identical mutations in both sites ( @entity15 / @entity10 and @entity11 gene mutations, respectively). Tumor expression of @entity12 immunoregulatory protein was observed in 3/22 (14%) of cases. Overexpression of molecular biomarkers of increased angiogenesis, @entity6 and immune checkpoints provides novel targeted therapy options in @entity3 of the breast.

title: Multiplatform molecular profiling identifies potentially targetable biomarkers in XXXX of the breast.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal, an epidemic of @entity4 resulted in 875 cases and 95 deaths during the 1st 6 months of 1983. The overall annual attack rate was 103 cases/100,000 population; the case fatality ratio was 11%. The highest age-specific attack rate (223/100,000) occurred among @entity0 under age 1 year. 3 times as many cases occurred in Kathmandu during December 1983 and January 1984 as in the same period a year previously. A mass vaccination campaign was initiated on February 8, 1984, and 330,000 doses of bivalent A/C meningococcal vaccine were administered, achieving approximately 65% coverage of the target population. A marked decline in the number of @entity2 cases occurred coincident with the initiation of the mass campaign. In 1985 @entity4 is occurring at a much lower rate than in 1984, but @entity3 among hikers now is being recognized. Over the January 1984-January 1985 period, 2 culture-confirmed and 4 clinically suspected cases of @entity3 were documented among tourists from western countries traveling in Nepal. @entity0 ranged in age from 16-40 years. 5 @entity0 had evidence of meningococcemia; the other had @entity2 alone. 2 @entity0 died, and all became ill during or shortly after hiking outside kathmandu. 3 @entity0 were from the US, 2 from Australia, and 1 from Switzerland. Tables present data on cases of specified @entity1 in the US.

title: XXXX : recommendations for travelers to Nepal.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 (NO) releasing drugs have helped @entity0 suffering from @entity4 for more than a century. In the 1970s NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase was identified as the target of NO. Since then, three different isoforms of the enzyme have been identified. All NO-releasing drugs act by binding of NO to the prosthetic @entity5 group common to all three isoforms. They thus act all as isoform-unspecific substances. This review addresses recently developed drugs that activate NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase independent of NO-release. They have great potential in the treatment of @entity4 , @entity1 and @entity2 . The molecular target has been validated by the successful clinical use of NO-releasing drugs for more than a century. At the same time the mode of action of these drugs is entirely new. The development of highly isoform-specific derivatives with distinct pharmacological profiles is now an open possibility with great potential.

title: Drugs that activate specific XXXX sensitive guanylyl cyclase isoforms independent of @entity3 release.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 (NO) releasing drugs have helped @entity0 suffering from @entity4 for more than a century. In the 1970s NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase was identified as the target of NO. Since then, three different isoforms of the enzyme have been identified. All NO-releasing drugs act by binding of NO to the prosthetic @entity5 group common to all three isoforms. They thus act all as isoform-unspecific substances. This review addresses recently developed drugs that activate NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase independent of NO-release. They have great potential in the treatment of @entity4 , @entity1 and @entity2 . The molecular target has been validated by the successful clinical use of NO-releasing drugs for more than a century. At the same time the mode of action of these drugs is entirely new. The development of highly isoform-specific derivatives with distinct pharmacological profiles is now an open possibility with great potential.

title: Drugs that activate specific @entity3 sensitive guanylyl cyclase isoforms independent of XXXX release.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Although many options exist for ligament reconstruction in @entity2 , the optimal treatment remains controversial. Allografts and autografts have both been used to reconstruct the cruciate ligaments. We present the results of reconstruction using artificial ligaments at H  pital du Sacr  -Coeur in Montr  al. METHODS: We reviewed the treatment of all @entity0 with @entity2 seen between June 1996 and October 1999. The Lysholm score, ACL-quality of life (QoL) questionnaire, physical examination and Telos instrumented laxity measurement were used to evaluate the results. RESULTS: Twenty @entity0 (21 knees) participated in the study. The mean (and standard deviation [SD]) Lysholm score was 71.7 (18). Results from the ACL-QoL questionnaire showed a @entity1 in QoL. Mean (and SD) range of motion and flexion were 118 degrees (10.9 degrees) and 2 degrees (2.9 degrees) respectively. Mean (and SD) radiologic laxity evaluated with Telos for the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments were 6.1 (5.7) mm and 7.3 (4.5) mm respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Knee reconstruction with artificial ligaments shows promise, but further studies are necessary before it can be recommended for widespread use. This is the first study to show specifically a severe impairment in QoL in this @entity0 population.

title: XXXX : experience at the H  pital du Sacr  -Coeur de Montr  al.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with @entity9 ( @entity9 ) have a lifelong increased risk of @entity4 , which may be associated with episodes of life-threatening @entity11 . Information concerning specific organisms causing @entity11 , the sites of @entity4 , and clinical predictors for mortality are necessary to provide optimal treatment. METHODS: A retrospective review of positive blood cultures collected over a 32-month period in chronic @entity9 @entity0 treated at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center @entity9 Unit. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-three episodes of @entity11 occurred in 63 @entity0 during 83 hospitalizations; 30 @entity0 had multiple episodes of @entity11 . There were 1,644 admissions during this period, yielding an incidence of @entity11 of 7.5% (5.8% after excluding positive cultures that were believed to be caused by contaminants). The @entity0 (31 with @entity6 and 32 with @entity10 ) had a mean age of 59 +/- 2 years, and a mean duration of injury of 23 +/- 2 years. Bladder management technique consisted of indwelling bladder catheter (n = 53), ileal conduit (n = 6), intermittent catheterization (n = 2), and spontaneous voiding (n = 2). Episodes of @entity11 were nosocomial in 89 out of 123 episodes. Multiple debilitating factors were present, including pressure @entity8 in 36 out of 63 @entity0 , chronic ventilator dependency in 5 out of 63 @entity0 , recent surgical procedures in 17 out of 63 @entity0 , underlying @entity1 in 5 out of 63 @entity0 , and evidence of @entity12 in 29 out of 63 patients (serum albumin concentration < 2.5 g/dL). Early mortality rate ( @entity3 within 30 days of @entity11 ) occurred in 8 out of 63 @entity0 (13%) and late mortality (> 1 month following a bacteremic episode) occurred in 10 additional @entity0 , such that total mortality was 1 8 out of 63 (29%). The sources of @entity11 were @entity5 (n = 39), presumed contaminant (n = 28), decubitus @entity8 (n = 21), intravascular catheter (n = 19), @entity2 (n = 5), and other (n = 11). Gram-negative rods accounted for 26 out of 39 episodes of @entity11 from a urinary source. @entity13 -resistant @entity7 , @entity13 -sensitive @entity7 , and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the predominant organisms when intravascular catheters or pressure @entity8 were the source of @entity11 . CONCLUSION: In this population, @entity11 predominantly was caused by hospital-associated organisms, and occurred mainly in malnourished @entity0 who required hospitalization for major underlying debilitating conditions, particularly pressure @entity8 . Chronic indwelling bladder catheters and chronic vascular catheter usage also were highly prevalent in @entity0 with bacteremic episodes. @entity14 was the strongest independent predictor for mortality.

title: XXXX in the chronic @entity9 population: risk factors for mortality.

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with @entity9 ( @entity9 ) have a lifelong increased risk of @entity4 , which may be associated with episodes of life-threatening @entity11 . Information concerning specific organisms causing @entity11 , the sites of @entity4 , and clinical predictors for mortality are necessary to provide optimal treatment. METHODS: A retrospective review of positive blood cultures collected over a 32-month period in chronic @entity9 @entity0 treated at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center @entity9 Unit. RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-three episodes of @entity11 occurred in 63 @entity0 during 83 hospitalizations; 30 @entity0 had multiple episodes of @entity11 . There were 1,644 admissions during this period, yielding an incidence of @entity11 of 7.5% (5.8% after excluding positive cultures that were believed to be caused by contaminants). The @entity0 (31 with @entity6 and 32 with @entity10 ) had a mean age of 59 +/- 2 years, and a mean duration of injury of 23 +/- 2 years. Bladder management technique consisted of indwelling bladder catheter (n = 53), ileal conduit (n = 6), intermittent catheterization (n = 2), and spontaneous voiding (n = 2). Episodes of @entity11 were nosocomial in 89 out of 123 episodes. Multiple debilitating factors were present, including pressure @entity8 in 36 out of 63 @entity0 , chronic ventilator dependency in 5 out of 63 @entity0 , recent surgical procedures in 17 out of 63 @entity0 , underlying @entity1 in 5 out of 63 @entity0 , and evidence of @entity12 in 29 out of 63 patients (serum albumin concentration < 2.5 g/dL). Early mortality rate ( @entity3 within 30 days of @entity11 ) occurred in 8 out of 63 @entity0 (13%) and late mortality (> 1 month following a bacteremic episode) occurred in 10 additional @entity0 , such that total mortality was 1 8 out of 63 (29%). The sources of @entity11 were @entity5 (n = 39), presumed contaminant (n = 28), decubitus @entity8 (n = 21), intravascular catheter (n = 19), @entity2 (n = 5), and other (n = 11). Gram-negative rods accounted for 26 out of 39 episodes of @entity11 from a urinary source. @entity13 -resistant @entity7 , @entity13 -sensitive @entity7 , and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the predominant organisms when intravascular catheters or pressure @entity8 were the source of @entity11 . CONCLUSION: In this population, @entity11 predominantly was caused by hospital-associated organisms, and occurred mainly in malnourished @entity0 who required hospitalization for major underlying debilitating conditions, particularly pressure @entity8 . Chronic indwelling bladder catheters and chronic vascular catheter usage also were highly prevalent in @entity0 with bacteremic episodes. @entity14 was the strongest independent predictor for mortality.

title: @entity11 in the chronic XXXX population: risk factors for mortality.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae @entity1 are an emerging problem in @entity0 . We sought to identify risk factors and describe outcomes associated with pediatric ESBL-producing @entity4 at 2 hospitals in Chicago, IL from 2008 to 2011. METHODS: A case-case-control study of @entity0 aged 0-17 years was conducted. Cases of @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity3 spp. ESBL-producing @entity4 (n = 30) were compared to uninfected controls and in parallel, cases of non-ESBL-producing @entity4 (n = 30) were compared to uninfected controls (n = 60). We then qualitatively compared these results. RESULTS: Median age of cases was 1.06 years; 62% of isolates were from urine, and 60% were @entity2 . By multivariable analysis, ESBL cases were 5.7 and 3.3 times more likely to have gastrointestinal (P = .001; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9-17.0) and neurologic (P = .001; 95% CI 1.1-3.7) comorbidities, respectively, than controls; non-ESBL cases were also more likely to have gastrointestinal comorbidities than controls (P = .014; odds ratio 3.6; 95% CI 1.2-10.1). Study period prevalence remained stable (1.7%). Most (60%) @entity1 occurred in the intensive care unit; however, 30% of @entity0 presented in the outpatient setting. Seventy-seven percent of isolates were multidrug resistant (ie, resistant to >= 3 antibiotic classes). Recurrence of @entity1 occurred in 17% of ESBL cases. Crude mortality rates (7%) did not differ between cases and controls. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity1 due to ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae was stable at 2 large tertiary-care medical centers over a 4-year period. Multidrug resistance in pediatric ESBL isolates is common. Risk factors for @entity1 due to ESBL-producing bacteria include neurologic medical conditions.

title: Extended-Spectrum b-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Infections in XXXX : A Two-Center Case-Case-Control Study of Risk Factors and Outcomes in Chicago, Illinois.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUNDS: Previous studies have shown that diffusion-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance (DW-CMR) is highly sensitive to replacement @entity1 of chronic @entity3 . Despite this sensitivity to @entity3 , DW-CMR has not been established as a method to detect @entity2 . We propose the application of a recently developed DW-CMR technique to detect @entity2 in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity0 and compare its performance with established CMR techniques. METHODS: @entity4 @entity0 (N   =   23) were recruited and scanned with the following protocol: standard morphological localizers, DW-CMR, extracellular volume (ECV) CMR, and late @entity6 enhanced (LGE) imaging for reference. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and ECV maps were segmented into 6 American Heart Association (AHA) segments. Positive regions for @entity2 were defined as: ADC   >   2.0   m(2)/ms and ECV   >   30  %. Fibrotic and non-fibrotic mean ADC and ECV values were compared as well as ADC-derived and ECV-derived @entity1 burden. In addition, @entity1  regional detection was compared between ADC and ECV calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity5 ), and negative predictive value (NPV) using ECV as the gold-standard reference. RESULTS: ADC (2.4        0.2   m(2)/ms) of fibrotic regions (ADC   >   2.0   m(2)/ms) was significantly (p   <   0.01) higher than ADC (1.5        0.2   m(2)/ms) of non-fibrotic regions. Similarly, ECV (35        4  %) of fibrotic regions (ECV   >   30  %) was significantly (p   <   0.01) higher than ECV (26        2  %) of non-fibrotic regions. In fibrotic regions defined by ECV, ADC (2.2        0.3   m(2)/ms) was again significantly (p   <   0.05) higher than ADC (1.6        0.3   m(2)/ms) of non-fibrotic regions. In fibrotic regions defined by ADC criterion, ECV (34        5  %) was significantly (p   <   0.01) higher than ECV (28        3  %) in non-fibrotic regions. ADC-derived and ECV-derived @entity1 burdens were in substantial agreement (intra-class correlation   =   0.83). Regional detection between ADC and ECV of diffuse @entity1 yielded substantial agreement (k   =   0.66) with high sensitivity, specificity, @entity5 , NPV, and accuracy (0.80, 0.85, 0.81, 0.85, and 0.83, respectively). CONCLUSION: DW-CMR is sensitive to @entity2 and is capable of characterizing the extent of @entity1 in @entity4 @entity0 .

title: Contrast-free detection of XXXX in @entity4 @entity0 with diffusion-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUNDS: Previous studies have shown that diffusion-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance (DW-CMR) is highly sensitive to replacement @entity1 of chronic @entity3 . Despite this sensitivity to @entity3 , DW-CMR has not been established as a method to detect @entity2 . We propose the application of a recently developed DW-CMR technique to detect @entity2 in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity0 and compare its performance with established CMR techniques. METHODS: @entity4 @entity0 (N   =   23) were recruited and scanned with the following protocol: standard morphological localizers, DW-CMR, extracellular volume (ECV) CMR, and late @entity6 enhanced (LGE) imaging for reference. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and ECV maps were segmented into 6 American Heart Association (AHA) segments. Positive regions for @entity2 were defined as: ADC   >   2.0   m(2)/ms and ECV   >   30  %. Fibrotic and non-fibrotic mean ADC and ECV values were compared as well as ADC-derived and ECV-derived @entity1 burden. In addition, @entity1  regional detection was compared between ADC and ECV calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity5 ), and negative predictive value (NPV) using ECV as the gold-standard reference. RESULTS: ADC (2.4        0.2   m(2)/ms) of fibrotic regions (ADC   >   2.0   m(2)/ms) was significantly (p   <   0.01) higher than ADC (1.5        0.2   m(2)/ms) of non-fibrotic regions. Similarly, ECV (35        4  %) of fibrotic regions (ECV   >   30  %) was significantly (p   <   0.01) higher than ECV (26        2  %) of non-fibrotic regions. In fibrotic regions defined by ECV, ADC (2.2        0.3   m(2)/ms) was again significantly (p   <   0.05) higher than ADC (1.6        0.3   m(2)/ms) of non-fibrotic regions. In fibrotic regions defined by ADC criterion, ECV (34        5  %) was significantly (p   <   0.01) higher than ECV (28        3  %) in non-fibrotic regions. ADC-derived and ECV-derived @entity1 burdens were in substantial agreement (intra-class correlation   =   0.83). Regional detection between ADC and ECV of diffuse @entity1 yielded substantial agreement (k   =   0.66) with high sensitivity, specificity, @entity5 , NPV, and accuracy (0.80, 0.85, 0.81, 0.85, and 0.83, respectively). CONCLUSION: DW-CMR is sensitive to @entity2 and is capable of characterizing the extent of @entity1 in @entity4 @entity0 .

title: Contrast-free detection of @entity2 in XXXX @entity0 with diffusion-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUNDS: Previous studies have shown that diffusion-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance (DW-CMR) is highly sensitive to replacement @entity1 of chronic @entity3 . Despite this sensitivity to @entity3 , DW-CMR has not been established as a method to detect @entity2 . We propose the application of a recently developed DW-CMR technique to detect @entity2 in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity0 and compare its performance with established CMR techniques. METHODS: @entity4 @entity0 (N   =   23) were recruited and scanned with the following protocol: standard morphological localizers, DW-CMR, extracellular volume (ECV) CMR, and late @entity6 enhanced (LGE) imaging for reference. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and ECV maps were segmented into 6 American Heart Association (AHA) segments. Positive regions for @entity2 were defined as: ADC   >   2.0   m(2)/ms and ECV   >   30  %. Fibrotic and non-fibrotic mean ADC and ECV values were compared as well as ADC-derived and ECV-derived @entity1 burden. In addition, @entity1  regional detection was compared between ADC and ECV calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity5 ), and negative predictive value (NPV) using ECV as the gold-standard reference. RESULTS: ADC (2.4        0.2   m(2)/ms) of fibrotic regions (ADC   >   2.0   m(2)/ms) was significantly (p   <   0.01) higher than ADC (1.5        0.2   m(2)/ms) of non-fibrotic regions. Similarly, ECV (35        4  %) of fibrotic regions (ECV   >   30  %) was significantly (p   <   0.01) higher than ECV (26        2  %) of non-fibrotic regions. In fibrotic regions defined by ECV, ADC (2.2        0.3   m(2)/ms) was again significantly (p   <   0.05) higher than ADC (1.6        0.3   m(2)/ms) of non-fibrotic regions. In fibrotic regions defined by ADC criterion, ECV (34        5  %) was significantly (p   <   0.01) higher than ECV (28        3  %) in non-fibrotic regions. ADC-derived and ECV-derived @entity1 burdens were in substantial agreement (intra-class correlation   =   0.83). Regional detection between ADC and ECV of diffuse @entity1 yielded substantial agreement (k   =   0.66) with high sensitivity, specificity, @entity5 , NPV, and accuracy (0.80, 0.85, 0.81, 0.85, and 0.83, respectively). CONCLUSION: DW-CMR is sensitive to @entity2 and is capable of characterizing the extent of @entity1 in @entity4 @entity0 .

title: Contrast-free detection of @entity2 in @entity4 XXXX with diffusion-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Psoriasis is a common @entity1 . It can occur at any age but usually develops between 15 and 35 years of age and may persist throughout a @entity0 's lifetime with periods of exacerbation and remission. The hyperproliferative state of the affected epidermis produces a turnover rate that is up to eight times greater than normal. Instead of being shed, the skin cells pile up, causing the visible lesions. Oral manifestations of @entity5 are rare clinical observations. Lesions have been reported on the lips, buccal mucosa, palate, @entity6 . We document a presentation of @entity5 showing a triad: @entity2 , @entity3 , and oral manifestations ( @entity4 being @entity0 's chief concern). Dental rehabilitation done was in the form of partial dentures. This was done to address the immediate concern of the @entity0 , that is, inability to chew properly. As put forth through this case report, a potential link between @entity5 and @entity4 has scope for further study.

title: Psoriatic triad in a @entity0 presenting with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Psoriasis is a common @entity1 . It can occur at any age but usually develops between 15 and 35 years of age and may persist throughout a @entity0 's lifetime with periods of exacerbation and remission. The hyperproliferative state of the affected epidermis produces a turnover rate that is up to eight times greater than normal. Instead of being shed, the skin cells pile up, causing the visible lesions. Oral manifestations of @entity5 are rare clinical observations. Lesions have been reported on the lips, buccal mucosa, palate, @entity6 . We document a presentation of @entity5 showing a triad: @entity2 , @entity3 , and oral manifestations ( @entity4 being @entity0 's chief concern). Dental rehabilitation done was in the form of partial dentures. This was done to address the immediate concern of the @entity0 , that is, inability to chew properly. As put forth through this case report, a potential link between @entity5 and @entity4 has scope for further study.

title: Psoriatic triad in a XXXX presenting with @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cardiovascular and @entity6 , such as @entity5 , insulin resistance, @entity10 or @entity3 are linked with chronic low-grade @entity4 and dysregulation of the renin- @entity12 system (RAS). Consequently, RAS inhibition by ACE inhibitors or angiotensin @entity11 ( @entity11 ) blockers is the evidence-based standard for cardiovascular risk reduction in high-risk @entity0 , including diabetics with @entity9 . In addition, RAS inhibition reduces the new onset of @entity1 . Yet, the high and increasing prevalence of @entity6 , and the high residual risk even in properly treated @entity0 , calls for additional means of pharmacological intervention. In the past decade, the stimulation of the angiotensin AT2 receptor (AT2R) has been shown to reduce @entity4 , improve @entity7 , enhance insulin sensitivity and increase adiponectin production. Therefore, a concept of dual @entity11 /AT2R modulation emerges as a putative means for risk @entity6 . The approach employing simultaneous RAS blockade ( @entity11 ) and RAS stimulation (AT2R) is distinct from previous attempts of double intervention in the RAS by dual blockade. Dual blockade abolishes the @entity11 -linked RAS almost completely with subsequent risk of @entity8 and @entity8 -related events, i.e. @entity2 . Such complications might be especially prominent in @entity0 with @entity2 or @entity0 with isolated systolic @entity5 and normal-to-low diastolic blood pressure values. In contrast to dual RAS blockade, the add-on of AT2R stimulation does not exert significant blood pressure effects, but it may complement and enhance the anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic/de-stiffening effects of the @entity11 blockade and improve the metabolic profile. Further studies will have to investigate these putative effects in particular for settings in which blood pressure reduction is not primarily desired.

title: Combined Angiotensin Receptor Modulation in the Management of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Formation of @entity4 following angioplastic procedures can lead to complications, including restenosis and accelerated @entity3 . The vessel wall media is a main source of neointimal cells. However, evidence suggests that there are additional cell sources, such as the adventitia. Here we investigate whether an extensive loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the media results in less @entity4 or if there is compensatory cell recruitment from the adventitia. METHODS: A balloon catheter was pulled through the @entity0 carotid artery 4 times ( @entity1 ) or 2 times ( @entity1 ). Adventitial cells were labeled with @entity5 or @entity7 . RESULTS: The @entity1 , but not the @entity1 , resulted in a complete loss of VSMCs in large parts of the media and significant leukocyte infiltration. The @entity1 resulted in less @entity6 compared with the @entity1 . The thinnest @entity6 was seen at the most injured parts of the media in the @entity1 group. Cell-tracking experiments showed that the media, but not the adventitia, served as a source of neointimal cells. CONCLUSION: An augmented @entity1 with extensive @entity2 in @entity0 reduced the degree of @entity4 . No compensatory recruitment of neointimal cells from the adventitia occurred.

title: Increased vascular injury reduces the degree of XXXX following angioplasty in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Formation of @entity4 following angioplastic procedures can lead to complications, including restenosis and accelerated @entity3 . The vessel wall media is a main source of neointimal cells. However, evidence suggests that there are additional cell sources, such as the adventitia. Here we investigate whether an extensive loss of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in the media results in less @entity4 or if there is compensatory cell recruitment from the adventitia. METHODS: A balloon catheter was pulled through the @entity0 carotid artery 4 times ( @entity1 ) or 2 times ( @entity1 ). Adventitial cells were labeled with @entity5 or @entity7 . RESULTS: The @entity1 , but not the @entity1 , resulted in a complete loss of VSMCs in large parts of the media and significant leukocyte infiltration. The @entity1 resulted in less @entity6 compared with the @entity1 . The thinnest @entity6 was seen at the most injured parts of the media in the @entity1 group. Cell-tracking experiments showed that the media, but not the adventitia, served as a source of neointimal cells. CONCLUSION: An augmented @entity1 with extensive @entity2 in @entity0 reduced the degree of @entity4 . No compensatory recruitment of neointimal cells from the adventitia occurred.

title: Increased vascular injury reduces the degree of @entity4 following angioplasty in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Superselective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy (SOAC) has recently been proposed as an alternative to intravenous chemoreduction for @entity8 . Preliminary results appear promising in terms of @entity1 control and eye conservation, but little is known regarding @entity9 and visual prognosis. In this study, we report on the vascular adverse effects observed in our initial cohort of 13 @entity0 . METHODS: The charts of 13 consecutive @entity0 with @entity8 who received a total of 30 injections (up to 3 injections of a single agent per @entity0 at 3-week interval) of melphalan (0.35 mg/kg) in the ophthalmic artery between November 2008 and June 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. RetCam fundus photography and @entity6 angiography were performed at presentation and before each injection. Vision was assessed at the latest visit. RESULTS: Enucleation and external beam radiotherapy could be avoided in all cases but one, with a mean follow-up of 7 months. Sectoral @entity3 leading to @entity11 was observed temporally in 2 eyes (15%) 3 weeks to 6 weeks after the beginning of @entity7 in 1 eye 2 weeks after injection. There was no @entity2 or other clinically significant systemic side effects except a perioperative transient @entity10 in one @entity0 . Vision ranged between 20/1600 and 20/32 depending on the status of the macula. CONCLUSION: Superselective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy was effective in all @entity0 with no @entity2 or other @entity4 . Unlike intravenous chemoreduction, SOAC is associated with potentially sight-threatening adverse effects, such as severe @entity11 secondary to subacute @entity5 , not to mention the risk of ophthalmic @entity3 , which was not observed in this series. Further analysis of the risks and benefits of SOAC will define its role within the therapeutic arsenal. Meanwhile, we suggest that SOAC should be given in one eye only and restricted to advanced cases of @entity8 , as an alternative to enucleation and/or external beam radiotherapy.

title: Occurrence of sectoral @entity3 and retinal arteriolar embolization after superselective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Superselective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy (SOAC) has recently been proposed as an alternative to intravenous chemoreduction for @entity8 . Preliminary results appear promising in terms of @entity1 control and eye conservation, but little is known regarding @entity9 and visual prognosis. In this study, we report on the vascular adverse effects observed in our initial cohort of 13 @entity0 . METHODS: The charts of 13 consecutive @entity0 with @entity8 who received a total of 30 injections (up to 3 injections of a single agent per @entity0 at 3-week interval) of melphalan (0.35 mg/kg) in the ophthalmic artery between November 2008 and June 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. RetCam fundus photography and @entity6 angiography were performed at presentation and before each injection. Vision was assessed at the latest visit. RESULTS: Enucleation and external beam radiotherapy could be avoided in all cases but one, with a mean follow-up of 7 months. Sectoral @entity3 leading to @entity11 was observed temporally in 2 eyes (15%) 3 weeks to 6 weeks after the beginning of @entity7 in 1 eye 2 weeks after injection. There was no @entity2 or other clinically significant systemic side effects except a perioperative transient @entity10 in one @entity0 . Vision ranged between 20/1600 and 20/32 depending on the status of the macula. CONCLUSION: Superselective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy was effective in all @entity0 with no @entity2 or other @entity4 . Unlike intravenous chemoreduction, SOAC is associated with potentially sight-threatening adverse effects, such as severe @entity11 secondary to subacute @entity5 , not to mention the risk of ophthalmic @entity3 , which was not observed in this series. Further analysis of the risks and benefits of SOAC will define its role within the therapeutic arsenal. Meanwhile, we suggest that SOAC should be given in one eye only and restricted to advanced cases of @entity8 , as an alternative to enucleation and/or external beam radiotherapy.

title: Occurrence of sectoral XXXX and retinal arteriolar embolization after superselective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy for @entity8 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to investigate whether contrast-enhanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ) permits assessment of remodeling in @entity1 . BACKGROUND: With sufficient image quality, @entity5 permits noninvasive visualization of the coronary arteries, but its ability to assess remodeling has not been evaluated. METHODS: Out of 102 @entity0 in whom @entity5 (16-slice scanner, intravenous contrast, 0.75-mm collimation, 420 ms rotation) was performed before invasive coronary angiography, 44 @entity0 with high-quality @entity5 data sets showing @entity2 in a proximal coronary artery segment were chosen for evaluation. In multiplanar reconstructions orthogonal to the coronary artery, the cross-sectional vessel area was measured for the respective lesion and for a reference segment proximal to the lesion. The " @entity6 Index" was calculated by dividing the vessel area in the lesion by the reference segment. Results were correlated to the presence of @entity3 (>50% diameter reduction) in invasive angiography. In a subset of 13 @entity0 , @entity5 measurements were verified by IVUS. RESULTS: Reference vessel area was not significantly different between nonstenotic versus stenotic lesions (20 +/- 8 mm(2), n = 23 vs. 22 +/- 8 mm(2), n = 21). The mean @entity6 Index was significantly higher in nonstenotic than in stenotic lesions (1.3 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.2, p < 0.001). In five stenotic lesions, "negative remodeling" ( @entity6 Index < or = 0.95) was observed. @entity4 and @entity6 Indices measured by @entity5 correlated closely to IVUS (r(2) = 0.77 and r(2) = 0.82, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Multidetector spiral CT may permit assessment of remodeling of @entity1 in selected data sets of sufficient quality.

title: Assessment of coronary remodeling in stenotic and nonstenotic XXXX by multidetector spiral computed tomography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The development of culture systems to support the initiation of growth of primordial follicles is important to the study of the factors that control the earliest stages of folliculogenesis. We investigated the effectiveness of five culture media, two supplements and three culture periods on the survival and growth of @entity2 primordial follicles after culturing ovarian cortex. The media were based on minimal essential minimum (MEM) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) added in the proportion of 0, 25, 50, 75 or 100%. The two supplements were none versus supplemented with insulin- @entity7 - @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity1 , @entity4 , and BSA. Pieces of @entity2 ovarian cortex were cultured in the media for 1, 3 or 5 days and representative samples were evaluated at day 0 as non-cultured controls. The replicates were the two ovaries of five mixed breed @entity2 . The number of primordial, intermediate, primary and secondary follicles at each period of culture and the number of degenerated follicles were evaluated. Mitotic activity of granulosa cells was studied by immunolocalization of @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The number of follicles in each stage and degenerated follicles were statistically analyzed by ANOVA using a factorial design and the significance of differences assessed using Tukey test. Chi-square test was used to compare the percentage of follicles with @entity8 positive granulosa cells. As the culture period progressed, the number of primordial follicles fell and there was a significant increase in the number of primary follicles. The fall in the number of primordial follicles was particularly marked after 1 day culture. No effect of media on the number of primordial and primary follicles was observed after culture, but MEM as well as supplements increased the number of intermediate follicles. @entity0 was kept at the same level after culture in the media tested, except for pure @entity6 that increased the number of degenerated follicles. In contrast, addition of supplements to culture media reduced follicular degeneration. In non-cultured tissue, @entity8 was expressed in granulosa cells of 31.6% of the growing follicles. This percentage had not significantly changed after 5 days culture in the various media, indicating the maintenance of proliferation activity of granulosa cells during culture. In conclusion, it is shown that @entity2 primordial follicles may be successfully activated after in vitro culture in all media tested. However, when pure @entity6 is used the follicular degeneration is enhanced, but the addition of supplements to culture media decrease follicular degeneration.

title: Survival and growth of XXXX primordial follicles after in vitro culture of ovarian cortical slices in media containing coconut water.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many potentially inappropriate drugs prescribed to older people have anticholinergic properties as adverse effects and are therefore potentially harmful. These effects typically include @entity6 , @entity8 , blurred vision, @entity7 and slowing of urination. It has been shown that drugs with anticholinergic properties (DAPs) are associated with @entity3 and @entity4 , may contribute to events such as falls, @entity5 and @entity1 , are associated with self-reported adverse effects and @entity3 , and may even be associated with mortality. However, studies of the prognostic implications of DAPs remain scarce. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of DAPs on hospitalization and mortality in older @entity0 with stable @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: This was a prospective study with a mean follow-up of 3.3 years involving two study groups: users (n   =   295) and non-users (n   =   105) of DAPs. The @entity0 were 400 community-dwelling older @entity0 (aged 75-90 years) with stable @entity2 participating in a secondary prevention study of @entity2 (DEBATE) in Helsinki, Finland. The use of DAPs was estimated using definitions from the previous scientific literature. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was used to estimate the burden of co-morbidity and the Mini-Mental State Examination test was used to assess cognitive function. The risks in the two study groups for hospital visits, number of days spent in hospital care and mortality were measured from 2000 to the end of 2003. RESULTS: The unadjusted follow-up mortality was 20.7% and 9.5% among the users and non-users of DAPs, respectively (p   =   0.010). However, the use of DAPs was not a significant predictor of mortality in multivariate analysis after adjustment for age, sex and CCI score (hazard ratio 1.57; 95% CI 0.78, 3.15). The mean        SD number of hospital days per @entity0 -year was higher in the DAP user group (14.9        32.5) than in the non-user group (5.2        12.3) [p   <   0.001]. In a bootstrap-type analysis of covariance adjusted for age, sex and CCI score, the use of DAPs predicted the number of days spent in hospital (p   =   0.011). CONCLUSIONS: The use of DAPs in older @entity0 with stable @entity2 was associated with an increased number of hospital days but not with mortality.

title: Association of anticholinergic drugs with hospitalization and mortality among older cardiovascular XXXX : A prospective study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The most important determinant of prognosis for @entity1 with @entity0 is the status of the axillary lymph nodes. @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has been performed for over a century to stage the @entity2 , achieve regional control, and perhaps improve survival. In accordance with tradition, @entity5 has been performed on all @entity1 with the diagnosis of @entity0 . In the early 1990s, this dogma was challenged because of the significant morbidity associated with @entity5 ( @entity3 , extremity @entity6 ) and the fact that greater than 50% of all @entity0 are node negative. A less morbid but highly accurate staging procedure, lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) was introduced. Currently, the de facto standard of care in @entity0 is to perform LM and SNB in @entity1 with small @entity2 and clinically negative axilla. While numerous methodological issues are being raised, the utility of LM and SNB identification continues to expand. In the current review we assess the application of this technique to locally advanced @entity0 (LABC) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. What role does SNB play in locally @entity4 ? Is LM and SNB accurate for @entity1 with @entity4 ? What influence do axillary metastases have on further treatment? What is the role of SNB in the planning for neoadjuvant @entity1 ? The skillful management of @entity1 with @entity0 lies in the delicate balance between maximizing the efficacy of treatment and minimizing its morbidity and failure.

title: Sentinel node in the era of neoadjuvant therapy and locally advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: This paper reports findings of a qualitative study whose focus is health services use among individuals with @entity2 . DESIGN: Qualitative research with an ethnographic orientation. SETTING: A low income @entity3 , Mexico. SUBJECTS: Twenty subjects selected through a theoretical sample. Measurements and main results. Open-ended interviews. The data were content-analyzed. Most @entity1 sufferers live with two or more @entity2 . Medical services use is combined with that of other healing systems. @entity0 also combine different types of health care services. Four health care use categories were found: frequent, occasional, periodical, and abandonment. Those who use health services frequently have oscillating or deteriorating illness trajectories, are supported by family members and are primarily @entity0 and elderly/retired @entity0 . Those who abandon health services have stable trajectories, they are their families primary providers, and cannot stop work to receive medical care; but some others have deteriorating illness trajectories and their symptoms do not ameliorate with consultations. CONCLUSIONS: Different factors explain patterns of health services utilization. Such patterns of use have serious implications in the health care reorganization.

title: [Health services utilization in Mexico: the perspective of individuals with XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Treatment of progression in high-risk @entity2 remains challenging despite improved survival. We retrospectively evaluated outcomes in @entity0 with a first progression that included soft-tissue masses. METHODS: We reviewed records of 903 consecutive @entity0 with high-risk @entity2 diagnosed between 2004 and 2014, and identified 42 whose first progression included soft-tissue masses. Data on demographics, disease characteristics, treatment, and survival were collected. Primary outcome was 5-year overall survival (OS) from time of first progression. Secondary outcomes were @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and progression-free survival (PFS) postprogression. We evaluated the prognostic significance of concomitant bone/bone marrow involvement, @entity3 status, and multifocality of soft tissue relapse. RESULTS: Median age at diagnosis was 3.0 (range: 1-10.7) years. Median time to first relapse or progression was 1.2 (range: 0.1-4.5) years after complete remission or minimal stable residual disease. Twelve (29%) @entity0 had concomitant bone or marrow involvement at progression/relapse. There were 11 (26%) @entity0 with International @entity2 Staging System stage 3 disease (all with @entity3 amplification), and 31 (74%) with stage 4 disease (12 with @entity3 amplification). Nine (21%) @entity0 had multifocal soft tissue progression. R1 resection was achieved in 41 @entity0 (95%), 38 (95%) of whom also received salvage radiation therapy. Five-year OS postprogression was 35% (95% CI: 19-51%), 5-year LDFS was 52% (95% CI: 32-72%), and 5-year PFS postprogression was 20% (95% CI: 6-34%). CONCLUSION: Among @entity0 with high-risk @entity2 who underwent aggressive treatment of a first soft-tissue recurrence, 5-year postprogression overall survival was 34%. Multifocality and @entity3 amplification were the predominant prognostic correlates for worse survival.

title: Salvage rates after progression of high-risk XXXX with a soft tissue mass.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To provide insight into professionals' opinions on @entity0 follow-up to facilitate implementation of new follow-up strategies. The study focuses on current practice, purpose and perceived effects, and preferred frequency and duration of follow-up. DESIGN: A 29-item questionnaire on professionals' demographics, current practice, opinion on the current guideline, preferences in frequency and duration of tailored follow-up, and the purpose and perceived effects of follow-up was sent to 633 Dutch professionals. RESULTS: The current national guideline is followed by 81% of respondents. All different specialists are involved in follow-up. Sixty-nine percent of respondents' report nurse practitioners to be involved in follow-up. When asked for tailored follow-up, professionals indicate more factors for increased follow-up (age<40 years, pT3-4 @entity3 , pN2-3, treatment related morbidity, and psychosocial support), than for reduced schedules (age >70 years and DCIS histology). Alternative forms of follow-up are not endorsed by >90% of respondents. Detection of a new primary @entity3 of the breast is considered the most important purpose of follow-up (98%), 57% still indicates detecting @entity2 as a goal. CONCLUSIONS: Professionals tend towards longer and more intensive follow-up than the current guideline for a large group of @entity1 . Limitations and developments in follow-up need to be considered to facilitate alternative follow-up strategies.

title: Professionals' opinion on follow-up in XXXX @entity1 ; perceived purpose and influence of @entity1 ' risk factors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To provide insight into professionals' opinions on @entity0 follow-up to facilitate implementation of new follow-up strategies. The study focuses on current practice, purpose and perceived effects, and preferred frequency and duration of follow-up. DESIGN: A 29-item questionnaire on professionals' demographics, current practice, opinion on the current guideline, preferences in frequency and duration of tailored follow-up, and the purpose and perceived effects of follow-up was sent to 633 Dutch professionals. RESULTS: The current national guideline is followed by 81% of respondents. All different specialists are involved in follow-up. Sixty-nine percent of respondents' report nurse practitioners to be involved in follow-up. When asked for tailored follow-up, professionals indicate more factors for increased follow-up (age<40 years, pT3-4 @entity3 , pN2-3, treatment related morbidity, and psychosocial support), than for reduced schedules (age >70 years and DCIS histology). Alternative forms of follow-up are not endorsed by >90% of respondents. Detection of a new primary @entity3 of the breast is considered the most important purpose of follow-up (98%), 57% still indicates detecting @entity2 as a goal. CONCLUSIONS: Professionals tend towards longer and more intensive follow-up than the current guideline for a large group of @entity1 . Limitations and developments in follow-up need to be considered to facilitate alternative follow-up strategies.

title: Professionals' opinion on follow-up in @entity0 XXXX ; perceived purpose and influence of @entity1 ' risk factors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To provide insight into professionals' opinions on @entity0 follow-up to facilitate implementation of new follow-up strategies. The study focuses on current practice, purpose and perceived effects, and preferred frequency and duration of follow-up. DESIGN: A 29-item questionnaire on professionals' demographics, current practice, opinion on the current guideline, preferences in frequency and duration of tailored follow-up, and the purpose and perceived effects of follow-up was sent to 633 Dutch professionals. RESULTS: The current national guideline is followed by 81% of respondents. All different specialists are involved in follow-up. Sixty-nine percent of respondents' report nurse practitioners to be involved in follow-up. When asked for tailored follow-up, professionals indicate more factors for increased follow-up (age<40 years, pT3-4 @entity3 , pN2-3, treatment related morbidity, and psychosocial support), than for reduced schedules (age >70 years and DCIS histology). Alternative forms of follow-up are not endorsed by >90% of respondents. Detection of a new primary @entity3 of the breast is considered the most important purpose of follow-up (98%), 57% still indicates detecting @entity2 as a goal. CONCLUSIONS: Professionals tend towards longer and more intensive follow-up than the current guideline for a large group of @entity1 . Limitations and developments in follow-up need to be considered to facilitate alternative follow-up strategies.

title: Professionals' opinion on follow-up in @entity0 @entity1 ; perceived purpose and influence of XXXX ' risk factors.

answer: @entity1