abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), estimation of @entity8 size from the early markers, @entity5 -binding protein (FABP) and @entity9 (MYO), usually assumes average (fixed) rate constants (FCR) for protein clearance from plasma. However, individual variation in FCR is large. @entity1 causes slower clearance of FABP and MYO from plasma and, hence, overestimation of @entity8 size in 20-25% of @entity0 . We investigated whether or not more accurate values of @entity8 size could be obtained with individually estimated clearance rates. METHODS: Concentrations of FABP and MYO and, for comparison, activities of the established cardiac markers, @entity6 kinase (CK) and @entity10 dehydrogenase (HBDH), were assayed in serial plasma samples from 138 @entity0 with @entity4 . Individual FCR values of FABP and MYO were estimated from plasma @entity7 concentrations, sex and age. RESULTS: Individual FCR values varied from 0.4 to 2.4 h-1. Use of these individual FCR values significantly improved the correlation between @entity8 size, as estimated from FABP or MYO on the one hand, and from CK and HBDH on the other. Approximately equal estimates of @entity8 size were obtained for all four marker proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Using individually estimated clearance rates, @entity2 no longer hampers calculation of @entity8 size from FABP and MYO, and reliable estimates of total @entity3 can be obtained within 24 h after first symptoms.

title: Measurement of @entity4 size from plasma XXXX -binding protein or @entity9 , using individually estimated clearance rates.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), estimation of @entity8 size from the early markers, @entity5 -binding protein (FABP) and @entity9 (MYO), usually assumes average (fixed) rate constants (FCR) for protein clearance from plasma. However, individual variation in FCR is large. @entity1 causes slower clearance of FABP and MYO from plasma and, hence, overestimation of @entity8 size in 20-25% of @entity0 . We investigated whether or not more accurate values of @entity8 size could be obtained with individually estimated clearance rates. METHODS: Concentrations of FABP and MYO and, for comparison, activities of the established cardiac markers, @entity6 kinase (CK) and @entity10 dehydrogenase (HBDH), were assayed in serial plasma samples from 138 @entity0 with @entity4 . Individual FCR values of FABP and MYO were estimated from plasma @entity7 concentrations, sex and age. RESULTS: Individual FCR values varied from 0.4 to 2.4 h-1. Use of these individual FCR values significantly improved the correlation between @entity8 size, as estimated from FABP or MYO on the one hand, and from CK and HBDH on the other. Approximately equal estimates of @entity8 size were obtained for all four marker proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Using individually estimated clearance rates, @entity2 no longer hampers calculation of @entity8 size from FABP and MYO, and reliable estimates of total @entity3 can be obtained within 24 h after first symptoms.

title: Measurement of @entity4 size from plasma @entity5 -binding protein or XXXX , using individually estimated clearance rates.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), estimation of @entity8 size from the early markers, @entity5 -binding protein (FABP) and @entity9 (MYO), usually assumes average (fixed) rate constants (FCR) for protein clearance from plasma. However, individual variation in FCR is large. @entity1 causes slower clearance of FABP and MYO from plasma and, hence, overestimation of @entity8 size in 20-25% of @entity0 . We investigated whether or not more accurate values of @entity8 size could be obtained with individually estimated clearance rates. METHODS: Concentrations of FABP and MYO and, for comparison, activities of the established cardiac markers, @entity6 kinase (CK) and @entity10 dehydrogenase (HBDH), were assayed in serial plasma samples from 138 @entity0 with @entity4 . Individual FCR values of FABP and MYO were estimated from plasma @entity7 concentrations, sex and age. RESULTS: Individual FCR values varied from 0.4 to 2.4 h-1. Use of these individual FCR values significantly improved the correlation between @entity8 size, as estimated from FABP or MYO on the one hand, and from CK and HBDH on the other. Approximately equal estimates of @entity8 size were obtained for all four marker proteins. CONCLUSIONS: Using individually estimated clearance rates, @entity2 no longer hampers calculation of @entity8 size from FABP and MYO, and reliable estimates of total @entity3 can be obtained within 24 h after first symptoms.

title: Measurement of XXXX size from plasma @entity5 -binding protein or @entity9 , using individually estimated clearance rates.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pegylated liposomal @entity5 has an enhanced efficacy and reduced @entity2 compared with free @entity5 . The efficacy and @entity2 of pegylated liposomal @entity5 was investigated in @entity0 with @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with histologically confirmed, locally advanced or metastatic @entity3 and a Karnofsky index > 60% were included in this prospective single-arm study. Exclusion criteria were @entity6 stage @entity0 -Pugh C, previous chemotherapy, or chemoembolization. Pegylated liposomal @entity5 was given in a dose of 30 mg/m2 every three weeks until progression of disease. After inclusion of five @entity0 the dose could be escalated to 40 mg/m2 in absence of @entity2 grade 3 and 4. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity0 were evaluable for response. No objective response was achieved. The median survival time was 140 days (95% confidence interval: 126-154 days). Treatment @entity2 grade > or = 3 comprised increased liver enzymes in @entity0 with preexisting grade 1 or 2 elevation (n = 6), hematologic @entity2 (n = 5), and @entity1 (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS: Pegylated liposomal @entity5 is not effective for treatment of advanced @entity3 . The favorable @entity2 profile was confirmed even in @entity0 with underlying @entity4 .

title: A phase II study of pegylated liposomal XXXX for treatment of advanced @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pegylated liposomal @entity5 has an enhanced efficacy and reduced @entity2 compared with free @entity5 . The efficacy and @entity2 of pegylated liposomal @entity5 was investigated in @entity0 with @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with histologically confirmed, locally advanced or metastatic @entity3 and a Karnofsky index > 60% were included in this prospective single-arm study. Exclusion criteria were @entity6 stage @entity0 -Pugh C, previous chemotherapy, or chemoembolization. Pegylated liposomal @entity5 was given in a dose of 30 mg/m2 every three weeks until progression of disease. After inclusion of five @entity0 the dose could be escalated to 40 mg/m2 in absence of @entity2 grade 3 and 4. RESULTS: Sixteen @entity0 were evaluable for response. No objective response was achieved. The median survival time was 140 days (95% confidence interval: 126-154 days). Treatment @entity2 grade > or = 3 comprised increased liver enzymes in @entity0 with preexisting grade 1 or 2 elevation (n = 6), hematologic @entity2 (n = 5), and @entity1 (n = 2). CONCLUSIONS: Pegylated liposomal @entity5 is not effective for treatment of advanced @entity3 . The favorable @entity2 profile was confirmed even in @entity0 with underlying @entity4 .

title: A phase II study of pegylated liposomal @entity5 for treatment of advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There is a paucity of long term studies on exercise training in elderly @entity0 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of one year of progressive resistance exercise (PRE) on dynamic muscular strength and the relations to @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in elderly @entity0 . METHODS: Forty four healthy sedentary @entity0 (mean age 68.8 years) volunteered for this study and were randomly assigned to either an exercise group or a control group. The exercise group were involved in three one hour sessions a week for 52 weeks of supervised PRE to strengthen the large muscle groups of the body, while the control group were instructed to continue their normal lifestyle. The exercise circuit included three sets of eight repetitions at 75% of one repetition maximum focused on the large muscle groups. @entity1 was measured by dual energy x ray absoptiometry (Lunar DPX) at the lumbar spine and at three sites in the proximal femur. Other selected parameters of physical fitness were also measured. RESULTS: Statistical analyses (analysis of covariance) showed significant strength gains (p < 0.01) in bilateral bench press (> 29%), bilateral leg press (> 19%), and unilateral biceps curl (> 20%). No significant difference between groups was evident in body weight, grip strength, flexibility, waist to hip ratio, or the sum of eight skinfolds. Significant relations (p < 0.05) were recorded between dynamic leg strength and the @entity1 of the femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and the lumbar spine. CONCLUSIONS: Significant strength changes, after one year of PRE, were evident in elderly @entity0 , and the muscle increases may parallel changes in @entity1 ; however, correlation coefficients were moderate.

title: Effects of one year of resistance training on the relation between muscular strength and bone density in elderly XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic repair of @entity3 is usually based on the open underlay procedure in which the mesh is placed intra-abdominally. To prevent complications such as adhesions, @entity2 and @entity1 formation we developed a new laparoscopic approach, placing the mesh in the preperitoneal space. METHODS: Our laparoscopic approach concerns a standardised procedure with introduction of three intra-abdominally placed trocars. The ventral abdominal wall is incised in a lengthwise manner approximately 5 cm from the umbilical defect, followed by development of the preperitoneal space, reposition of the umbilical peritoneal sac and placement and fixation of a Prolene mesh. The mesh is secured using transfascial Prolene sutures; the peritoneal defect is closed with a running Vicryl suture. Data on 17 @entity0 with primary @entity3 operated on between April 2002 and March 2006 are presented. RESULTS: The 11 @entity0 and 6 @entity0 had a mean age of 57.8 years (range 37-91 years) and a mean body mass index (BMI) of 30.6 kg/m(2) (range 23.7-37.9 kg/m(2)). Mean hernia size was 1.95 cm (range 1-3 cm), average mesh size was 110 cm(2) (range 100-150 cm(2)). Mean operating time was 85.6 min (range 60-120 min). Mean hospital stay was 2.2 days (range 1-3 days). No major complications were seen. No recurrences were observed during a mean follow-up of 36.2 months (range 13-62 months). CONCLUSIONS: The preperitoneal laparoscopic technique for umbilical hernia repair combines the advantages of a laparoscopic, minimally invasive, approach, avoiding the potential complications related to intra-abdominal mesh position.

title: Laparoscopic correction of XXXX using a transabdominal preperitoneal approach: results of a pilot study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A cohort of @entity0 operated at the National @entity1 Center Hospital in Tokyo for @entity2 , at or below the peritoneal reflection, was reviewed retrospectively. The purpose was to study the risk factors for local relapse and the patterns of local recurrence. Three hundred fifty-one @entity0 operated between 1993 and 2002 for @entity2 , at or below the peritoneal reflection, were analyzed. One hundred forty-five @entity0 , with preoperatively staged T1 or T2 @entity1 without suspected lymph nodes, underwent @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was performed in suspected T3 or T4 disease, or when positive lymph nodes were seen; 73 @entity0 received unilateral @entity4 and 133 @entity0 received bilateral @entity4 . Of the 351 @entity0 6.6% developed local recurrence after 5 years. @entity3 only resulted in 0.8% 5-year local recurrence. In lymph-node-positive @entity0 , 33% of the unilateral @entity4 group had local relapse, significantly more (p = 0.04) than in the bilateral @entity4 group with 14% local recurrence. Local recurrence in the lateral, presacral, perineal, and anastomotic subsites was lower in the bilateral @entity4 group as compared with in the unilateral @entity4 group. We conclude that, in selected @entity0 , surgery without @entity4 has a very low local recurrence rate. Bilateral @entity4 is more effective in reducing the chance of local recurrence than unilateral @entity4 . Either surgical approach, with or without @entity4 , requires reliable imaging during work-up.

title: Patterns of local recurrence in XXXX : a single-center experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Long-term results after laparoscopic ileal pouch anal @entity2 (IPAA) have not been thoroughly evaluated. Our study prospectively compares short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic and open IPAA. METHODS: Between October 2002 and November 2007, 73 laparoscopic and 106 open IPAA @entity0 were enrolled. @entity0 - and disease-specific characteristics and short- and long-term outcomes were prospectively collected. RESULTS: There were no differences in demographics, treatment, indication, duration of surgery, and diversion between groups. Laparoscopic @entity0 had faster return of flatus (p = 0.008), faster assumption of a liquid diet (p < 0.001), and less @entity1 (p = 0.026). While complications were similar, the incidence of incisional @entity4 was lower in the laparoscopic group (p = 0.011). Mean follow-up was 24.8 months. Average number of bowel movements was 6.8 +/- 2.8/day for laparoscopy and 6.3 +/- 1.7 for open (p = 0.058). Overall, 68.4% of @entity0 were fully continent at 1 year, up to 83.7% long term without differences between groups. Other indicators of defecatory function and quality of life remain similar overtime. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic IPAA confers excellent functional results. Most @entity0 are fully continent and have an average of six bowel movements/day. When present, minor @entity3 improves over time. Laparoscopy mirrors the results of open IPAA and is a valuable alternative to open surgery.

title: Laparoscopic restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal XXXX : a comparative observational study on long-term functional results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 2D-STE (two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography) is a novel echocardiographic modality that enables angle-independent assessment of myocardial deformation indices. In the present study, we tested whether peak systolic epsilon(parallel) (longitudinal strain) values measured by 2D-STE could identify areas of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) as determined by CE MRI (contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging). Conventional echocardiographic apical long-axis recordings were performed in 38 @entity0 , 9 months after a first @entity2 . Peak systolic epsilon(parallel) measured by 2D-STE in 16 left ventricle segments was compared with segmental @entity3 mass and transmurality assessed by CE MRI. Segmental values were averaged to global and territorial values for assessment of global function and myocardial function in the coronary distribution areas. CE MRI identified transmural @entity3 in 27 @entity0 , and a mean @entity3 size of 36+/-25 g. Peak systolic epsilon( parallel) correlated with the @entity3 mass at the global level (r=0.84, P<0.001). A strain value of -15% identified @entity3 with 83% sensitivity and 93% specificity at the global level and 76% and 95% at the territorial level, and a strain value of -13% identified transmural @entity3 with 80% sensitivity and 83% specificity at the segmental level. Global @entity3 mass correlates with the wall motion score index (r=0.70, P<0.001), and left ventricular ejection fraction measured by MRI or echocardiography (r=-0.71 and -0.58, both P<0.001). In chronic @entity3 , peak systolic epsilon(parallel) measured by 2D-STE correlates with the @entity3 mass assessed by CE MRI at a global level, and separates infarcted from non-infarcted tissue. Global strain is an excellent predictor of @entity2 size in chronic @entity1 .

title: Global longitudinal strain measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography is closely related to @entity2 size in chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: 2D-STE (two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography) is a novel echocardiographic modality that enables angle-independent assessment of myocardial deformation indices. In the present study, we tested whether peak systolic epsilon(parallel) (longitudinal strain) values measured by 2D-STE could identify areas of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) as determined by CE MRI (contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging). Conventional echocardiographic apical long-axis recordings were performed in 38 @entity0 , 9 months after a first @entity2 . Peak systolic epsilon(parallel) measured by 2D-STE in 16 left ventricle segments was compared with segmental @entity3 mass and transmurality assessed by CE MRI. Segmental values were averaged to global and territorial values for assessment of global function and myocardial function in the coronary distribution areas. CE MRI identified transmural @entity3 in 27 @entity0 , and a mean @entity3 size of 36+/-25 g. Peak systolic epsilon( parallel) correlated with the @entity3 mass at the global level (r=0.84, P<0.001). A strain value of -15% identified @entity3 with 83% sensitivity and 93% specificity at the global level and 76% and 95% at the territorial level, and a strain value of -13% identified transmural @entity3 with 80% sensitivity and 83% specificity at the segmental level. Global @entity3 mass correlates with the wall motion score index (r=0.70, P<0.001), and left ventricular ejection fraction measured by MRI or echocardiography (r=-0.71 and -0.58, both P<0.001). In chronic @entity3 , peak systolic epsilon(parallel) measured by 2D-STE correlates with the @entity3 mass assessed by CE MRI at a global level, and separates infarcted from non-infarcted tissue. Global strain is an excellent predictor of @entity2 size in chronic @entity1 .

title: Global longitudinal strain measured by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography is closely related to XXXX size in chronic @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy without a split (AF) has been performed to improve the local control probability of early glottic @entity2 since 1990 in the authors' institution. Here, they report their experience treating early @entity1 @entity0 with AF in a single institution who have a long follow-up period. @entity0 AND METHODS: 131 T1 N0 M0 @entity1 were treated with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) from 1984 to 1989 and with AF since 1990. @entity3 consisted of five daily fractions of 2 Gy per week, to a total dose of 64 Gy. AF consisted of 1.72 Gy per fraction, two fractions per day, 5 days a week, to a total dose of 55 or 58.5 Gy. RESULTS: The 5-year local control probability for T1 @entity1 was 94% with 58.5 Gy and 87% with 55 Gy of AF, whereas it amounted to 80% with @entity3 . For T2 @entity1 , it was 56% with 58.5 Gy and 68% with 55 Gy of AF, whereas it amounted to 64% with @entity3 . The data of T2 should be evaluated with caution due to the small number of @entity0 . @entity0 with AF had more severe mucosal reactions but no severe late reactions. CONCLUSION: AF significantly improved the local control rates for T1 @entity1 .

title: Hyperfractionated accelerated radiotherapy for T1,2 XXXX . Consideration of time-dose factors.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the outcomes in our first 40 microelectrode-guided thalamotomies for parkinsonian @entity2 . METHODS: Twenty-four left-sided and 16 right-sided thalamotomies were performed between October 1984 and January 1996; the mean follow-up period was 35.8 months (range, 1-152 mo). The results were evaluated retrospectively and semiquantitatively by a disinterested observer (MNL) and correlated with the quality of the microelectrode recording and the number and size of radiofrequency lesions made. The first 20 and second 20 procedures were evaluated separately. RESULTS: At the last follow-up, the Unified @entity1 Rating Scale showed no or virtually no @entity2 in the upper limb in 75% of @entity0 or in the lower limb in 73% of @entity0 . No significant persistent complications were found. These results were achieved at the expense of having to repeat the procedure on 11 sides (in 5 because of technical problems and in 6 for no obvious reason). Total or nearly total abolition of @entity2 occurred after the first procedure in 40% of the first 20 operations and in 65% of the second 20. Eight of the first 20 procedures and 2 of the second 20 failed for technical reasons. Lesions were made larger in the second 20 procedures than in the first 20. With the use of an electrode with a 1.1 x 3-mm bare tip for 60 seconds, it seems that lesions had to be created at 60 degrees C or more to produce a successful result. CONCLUSION: Thalamotomy with microelectrode recording is an effective procedure with which to treat @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity1 and may involve fewer complications than conventional techniques. The procedure appears to involve a learning curve.

title: Microelectrode-guided thalamotomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 (NO) has complex effects on myocardial function particularly following ischaemia-reperfusion. The goal of this study was to examine the result of repetitive @entity2 on myocardial NO release and expression of inducible ( @entity5 ) and constitutive (eNOS) NO synthases. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity4 anaesthetised @entity3 underwent ten, 2-min episodes of circumflex @entity0 (n = 6) or acted as sham operated controls (n = 4). Measurements of segment shortening demonstrated a fall in function in the ischaemic territory to 52.5 +/- 7.3% (mean +/- S.E.M.) of baseline shortening 30 min after the stunning stimulus, recovering to 92 +/- 8.7% 5.5 h later. Function remained stable in sham controls. The change in venous-arterial [NO] between baseline and 6 h reperfusion was found to be significantly different between the two groups (0.2 +/- 0.7 in stunned vs. -4.3 +/- 1.6 microM in shams; P < 0.02). Western blotting and band optical density used to compare tissue from stunned territory (S), non-stunned territory (IC) and sham control animals (SC) demonstrated this was associated with an increase in the expression of both @entity5 (S: 93 +/- 13.4, IC: 37 +/- 2.4 and SC: 25 +/- 4 [arbitrary units], P < 0.01 and P = 0.031) and eNOS (S: 104 +/- 7.4, IC; 62.5 +/- 7.4 and SC; 75.7 +/- 0.6, P < 0.03 and P < 0.01) in stunned @entity2 . Immunocytochemistry localised @entity5 reactivity to vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes in stunned tissue and eNOS reactivity to endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: Recovery from repetitive @entity2 is associated with the increased expression of both @entity5 and eNOS and would be compatible with a protective role for both these enzymes. This finding has possible relevance for both the late window of ischaemic preconditioning and @entity2 .

title: Repetitive XXXX in @entity3 is associated with the increased expression of inducible and constitutive @entity1 synthases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 (NO) has complex effects on myocardial function particularly following ischaemia-reperfusion. The goal of this study was to examine the result of repetitive @entity2 on myocardial NO release and expression of inducible ( @entity5 ) and constitutive (eNOS) NO synthases. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity4 anaesthetised @entity3 underwent ten, 2-min episodes of circumflex @entity0 (n = 6) or acted as sham operated controls (n = 4). Measurements of segment shortening demonstrated a fall in function in the ischaemic territory to 52.5 +/- 7.3% (mean +/- S.E.M.) of baseline shortening 30 min after the stunning stimulus, recovering to 92 +/- 8.7% 5.5 h later. Function remained stable in sham controls. The change in venous-arterial [NO] between baseline and 6 h reperfusion was found to be significantly different between the two groups (0.2 +/- 0.7 in stunned vs. -4.3 +/- 1.6 microM in shams; P < 0.02). Western blotting and band optical density used to compare tissue from stunned territory (S), non-stunned territory (IC) and sham control animals (SC) demonstrated this was associated with an increase in the expression of both @entity5 (S: 93 +/- 13.4, IC: 37 +/- 2.4 and SC: 25 +/- 4 [arbitrary units], P < 0.01 and P = 0.031) and eNOS (S: 104 +/- 7.4, IC; 62.5 +/- 7.4 and SC; 75.7 +/- 0.6, P < 0.03 and P < 0.01) in stunned @entity2 . Immunocytochemistry localised @entity5 reactivity to vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes in stunned tissue and eNOS reactivity to endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: Recovery from repetitive @entity2 is associated with the increased expression of both @entity5 and eNOS and would be compatible with a protective role for both these enzymes. This finding has possible relevance for both the late window of ischaemic preconditioning and @entity2 .

title: Repetitive @entity2 in XXXX is associated with the increased expression of inducible and constitutive @entity1 synthases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity1 (NO) has complex effects on myocardial function particularly following ischaemia-reperfusion. The goal of this study was to examine the result of repetitive @entity2 on myocardial NO release and expression of inducible ( @entity5 ) and constitutive (eNOS) NO synthases. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity4 anaesthetised @entity3 underwent ten, 2-min episodes of circumflex @entity0 (n = 6) or acted as sham operated controls (n = 4). Measurements of segment shortening demonstrated a fall in function in the ischaemic territory to 52.5 +/- 7.3% (mean +/- S.E.M.) of baseline shortening 30 min after the stunning stimulus, recovering to 92 +/- 8.7% 5.5 h later. Function remained stable in sham controls. The change in venous-arterial [NO] between baseline and 6 h reperfusion was found to be significantly different between the two groups (0.2 +/- 0.7 in stunned vs. -4.3 +/- 1.6 microM in shams; P < 0.02). Western blotting and band optical density used to compare tissue from stunned territory (S), non-stunned territory (IC) and sham control animals (SC) demonstrated this was associated with an increase in the expression of both @entity5 (S: 93 +/- 13.4, IC: 37 +/- 2.4 and SC: 25 +/- 4 [arbitrary units], P < 0.01 and P = 0.031) and eNOS (S: 104 +/- 7.4, IC; 62.5 +/- 7.4 and SC; 75.7 +/- 0.6, P < 0.03 and P < 0.01) in stunned @entity2 . Immunocytochemistry localised @entity5 reactivity to vascular smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes in stunned tissue and eNOS reactivity to endothelial cells. CONCLUSION: Recovery from repetitive @entity2 is associated with the increased expression of both @entity5 and eNOS and would be compatible with a protective role for both these enzymes. This finding has possible relevance for both the late window of ischaemic preconditioning and @entity2 .

title: Repetitive @entity2 in @entity3 is associated with the increased expression of inducible and constitutive XXXX synthases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The influence of different factors on prognosis after radical operations in 316 @entity0 with non-small cell peripheral @entity1 was studied. In N0, the 3-year survival of the @entity0 was 51.2%, 5-year--34.7%. In N1, the 3-year survival was 23.9%, in @entity4 .6%, glandular--10.2%, 5-year survival--12.3%. The reduction of survival in N2 is significant in glandular, and in @entity4 as well. In N2, the 3-year survival was 4.8%, 5-year survival was absent. It should be considered that in @entity0 with stage T3N2 peripheral @entity1 , there are subclinical metastases. The operation in this case is not a method for radical treatment. The influence of a @entity2 size on the prognosis is manifested in T3. Histologic structure in @entity3 influences prognosis only at the stage T2N1 (in @entity2 , the survival is significantly worse). The degree of @entity4 influences the prognosis. @entity2 spreading to the adjacent structures makes prognosis worse, but the surgical treatment in such a case is justified.

title: [Prognostic factors in operable XXXX of the lungs].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The relationship between @entity5 and @entity4 has been of longstanding interest to clinicians. Despite theoretical reasons to do so, virtually no studies have examined factors that discriminate @entity4 subjects with a history of @entity5 ( @entity6 /HMD) from @entity4 subjects without a history of @entity5 ( @entity6 ). This study examined demographic variables, patterns of comorbidity, measures of life functioning, personality traits, and early life experiences differentiating @entity6 /HMD (n = 83) from @entity6 (n = 214). Diagnoses were assigned using structured clinical interviews and a best-estimate procedure. The results suggest that subjects with @entity8 are more likely to have a life history of @entity5 than are subjects with other @entity4 . In addition, @entity6 /HMDs are more likely to receive a diagnosis of @entity0 or @entity3 , to have lower Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores, and to have sought treatment than PDs. On self-report measures of personality, @entity6 /HMDs endorse higher levels of trait @entity0 and affective lability (e.g., Harm Avoidance, @entity1 ) than do PDs. @entity6 /HMDs are also more likely to report childhood @entity2 than are PDs, and to describe their parents as using affectionless control. No differences were found between @entity7 as a function of @entity5 history. The discussion suggests a potential model in which early environmental stress interacts with constitutional vulnerabilities to put individuals at an increased risk for both mood and @entity0 as well as @entity4 .

title: Factors differentiating XXXX individuals with and without a history of @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The relationship between @entity5 and @entity4 has been of longstanding interest to clinicians. Despite theoretical reasons to do so, virtually no studies have examined factors that discriminate @entity4 subjects with a history of @entity5 ( @entity6 /HMD) from @entity4 subjects without a history of @entity5 ( @entity6 ). This study examined demographic variables, patterns of comorbidity, measures of life functioning, personality traits, and early life experiences differentiating @entity6 /HMD (n = 83) from @entity6 (n = 214). Diagnoses were assigned using structured clinical interviews and a best-estimate procedure. The results suggest that subjects with @entity8 are more likely to have a life history of @entity5 than are subjects with other @entity4 . In addition, @entity6 /HMDs are more likely to receive a diagnosis of @entity0 or @entity3 , to have lower Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores, and to have sought treatment than PDs. On self-report measures of personality, @entity6 /HMDs endorse higher levels of trait @entity0 and affective lability (e.g., Harm Avoidance, @entity1 ) than do PDs. @entity6 /HMDs are also more likely to report childhood @entity2 than are PDs, and to describe their parents as using affectionless control. No differences were found between @entity7 as a function of @entity5 history. The discussion suggests a potential model in which early environmental stress interacts with constitutional vulnerabilities to put individuals at an increased risk for both mood and @entity0 as well as @entity4 .

title: Factors differentiating @entity4 individuals with and without a history of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that a change from central venous catheters to a @entity3 or graft would improve short-term mortality risk in maintenance hemodialysis @entity0 . DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING _ @entity0 : All maintenance in-center hemodialysis @entity0 treated in Fresenius Medical Care, North America legacy facilities alive on January 1, 2007 with baseline laboratory data from December 2006. PREDICTOR: Access type ( @entity3 , catheter, or graft), determined on December 31, 2006, and monthly thereafter. Conversion from a catheter to a @entity3 or graft during the 4-month period from January 1 to April 30, 2007. OUTCOME: Mortality was tracked from May 1, 2007, to December 31, 2007. Standard and time-dependent Cox models were used to determine hazard risks (HRs) of @entity2 with and without adjustment for case-mix and laboratory values. RESULTS: At baseline, 79,545 @entity0 had 43% @entity3 , 29% catheters, and 27% grafts. Mean age was 62 +/- 15 years, 54% were @entity0 , 51% were white, and 53% had @entity1 . Compared with @entity3 , unadjusted HRs of @entity2 were higher for grafts (1.22) and catheters (1.76; P < 0.001). In adjusted models, overall risk for grafts was decreased to 1.05 (95% limits, 1.003-1.100; P < 0.05) and approached that for @entity3 consistently across multiple strata. Compared with @entity0 who continued using a catheter, those who converted to either a graft or @entity3 had an HR of 0.69, whereas those who converted from a graft or @entity3 to a catheter had increased HRs to 2.12 (both P < 0.001). Similar trends were observed in the subset of incident @entity0 (vintage < 90 days at study onset). LIMITATIONS: Observational design with residual confounding from unmeasured @entity0 , facility, and treatment-related factors. CONCLUSIONS: Catheters have the worst associated mortality risk. Changing from a catheter to a @entity3 or graft is associated with significantly improved survival. The risk for grafts approached that of @entity3 , providing an alternative to prolonged catheter exposure and potentially less hazardous "bridge" toward a @entity3 .

title: Change in vascular access and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objectives of this study were to systematically identify and summarize quality indicators of tight glycaemic control in critically ill @entity0 , and to inspect the applicability of their definitions. METHODS: We searched in MEDLINE for all studies evaluating a tight glycaemic control protocol and/or quality of @entity1 control that reported original data from a clinical trial or observational study on critically ill adult @entity0 . RESULTS: Forty-nine studies met the inclusion criteria; 30 different indicators were extracted and categorized into four nonorthogonal categories: blood @entity1 zones (for example, 'hypoglycaemia'); blood @entity1 levels (for example, 'mean blood @entity1 level'); time intervals (for example, 'time to occurrence of an event'); and protocol characteristics (for example, 'blood @entity1 sampling frequency'). Hypoglycaemia-related indicators were used in 43 out of 49 studies, acting as a proxy for safety, but they employed many different definitions. Blood @entity1 level summaries were used in 41 out of 49 studies, reported as means and/or medians during the study period or at a certain time point (for example, the morning blood @entity1 level or blood @entity1 level upon starting insulin therapy). Time spent in the predefined blood @entity1 level range, time needed to reach the defined blood @entity1 level target, hyperglycaemia-related indicators and protocol-related indicators were other frequently used indicators. Most indicators differ in their definitions even when they are meant to measure the same underlying concept. More importantly, many definitions are not precise, prohibiting their applicability and hence the reproducibility and comparability of research results. CONCLUSIONS: An unambiguous indicator reference subset is necessary. The result of this systematic review can be used as a starting point from which to develop a standard list of well defined indicators that are associated with clinical outcomes or that concur with clinicians' subjective views on the quality of the regulatory process.

title: A systematic review on quality indicators for tight glycaemic control in critically ill XXXX : need for an unambiguous indicator reference subset.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare a new low-dose @entity1 induction regimen with the Fennerty regimen in elderly inpatients. DESIGN: Age-stratified, randomized prospective study. SUBJECTS: 120 age-stratified elderly inpatients. INTERVENTIONS: Each @entity0 was randomized to either the new induction regimen or to a modified Fennerty regimen. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES: Days to therapeutic International Normalized Ratio (INR >2); days in the therapeutic range (INR 2-3) during induction; number of @entity0 with INR >4.5; ability of day 4 INR to predict day 8 @entity1 dose. RESULTS: The mean time to therapeutic INR was longer for the new induction regimen than modified Fennerty regimen in @entity0 aged 65-75 years [4.6 (mean) +/- 1.6 (SD) days vs 3.8 +/- 0.8 days; P = 0.03] and in @entity0 aged >75 years (4.5 +/- 1.4 days vs 3.5 +/- 0.7 days; P = 0.003). @entity0 spent more time in the therapeutic INR range with the new induction regimen [3.0 +/- 1.3 days vs 2.7 +/- 1.3 days (P = 0.03) for those aged 65-75 years and 2.9 +/- 1.1 days vs 2.4 +/- 1.3 days (P = 0.04 for those aged >75 years]. Fewer @entity0 using the new regimen had INRs >4.5 in the first 8 days [1 (3%) vs 6 (20%) for 65-75 years (P < 0.05) and 1 (3%) vs 11 (37%) for >75 years (P < 0.01)]. The ability to predict the maintenance dose to within 1 mg was 55% for both regimens. CONCLUSION: The low-dose regimen has important clinical advantages over the Fennerty regimen for anticoagulating elderly inpatients.

title: A comparison of a low-dose XXXX induction regimen with the modified Fennerty regimen in elderly inpatients.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 @entity1 auxotrophic mutants have been isolated after UV irradiation of conidiospores. The mutants belong to two different complementation groups, trpA and trpB, which complement each other in heterokaryons. Neither of the mutations could be complemented with the cloned A. @entity2 trpC gene. To obtain A. @entity2 trpC mutants in a direct way, gene inactivation by cotransformation was performed. For this purpose an in-frame gene fusion between the A. @entity2 trpC and @entity0 lacZ genes was constructed and shown to be functionally expressed after introduction into A. @entity2 by cotransformation with the pyrA gene as selective marker. Among the beta-galactosidase expressing cotransformants, obtained with either circular or linearized vectors, no trpC mutants were detected, even after enrichment. Such mutants, however, could be obtained by cotransformation of A. @entity2 with specific fragments of the fusion gene. Biochemical analysis of the cotransformants indicated that in nearly all cases the fusion gene had replaced the wild-type trpC gene. Genetic analysis showed that the trpC mutation is not linked to any of the A. @entity2 loci described so far. The trpC mutants can be complemented by the cloned A. @entity2 trpC gene as well as by the A. nidulans trpC gene.

title: XXXX auxotrophic mutants in @entity3 : inactivation of the trpC gene by cotransformation mutagenesis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 @entity1 auxotrophic mutants have been isolated after UV irradiation of conidiospores. The mutants belong to two different complementation groups, trpA and trpB, which complement each other in heterokaryons. Neither of the mutations could be complemented with the cloned A. @entity2 trpC gene. To obtain A. @entity2 trpC mutants in a direct way, gene inactivation by cotransformation was performed. For this purpose an in-frame gene fusion between the A. @entity2 trpC and @entity0 lacZ genes was constructed and shown to be functionally expressed after introduction into A. @entity2 by cotransformation with the pyrA gene as selective marker. Among the beta-galactosidase expressing cotransformants, obtained with either circular or linearized vectors, no trpC mutants were detected, even after enrichment. Such mutants, however, could be obtained by cotransformation of A. @entity2 with specific fragments of the fusion gene. Biochemical analysis of the cotransformants indicated that in nearly all cases the fusion gene had replaced the wild-type trpC gene. Genetic analysis showed that the trpC mutation is not linked to any of the A. @entity2 loci described so far. The trpC mutants can be complemented by the cloned A. @entity2 trpC gene as well as by the A. nidulans trpC gene.

title: @entity1 auxotrophic mutants in XXXX : inactivation of the trpC gene by cotransformation mutagenesis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Data from pure breeds, as well as reciprocal crosses of German Angus (GA) and Simmental (SIM) beef @entity0 , were used to estimate genetic parameters and to evaluate the suitability for crossbreeding in terms of increasing productivity. Traits of interest were calving difficulty, birth weight (BWT), @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and ADG from birth to weaning. Data were collected over a period of 7 yr from 1997 and 1998 until 2003 and 2004, whereas crossbreeding was carried out in 2002 and 2003, and 2003 and 2004 only. Variance components and differences between breeds, individual heterosis, and maternal breed effects were analyzed based on 1,441 purebred and 329 crossbred records for BWT and 1,319 purebred and 316 crossbred records for @entity1 and ADG, respectively. Mean calving difficulty scores were greater in SIM than in GA (P < 0.001). For BWT, @entity1 , and ADG both reciprocal crosses fell between the purebreds, and for all 3 traits SIM showed greater average values compared with GA. The estimated heritabilities were 0.23 for BWT and 0.12 for @entity1 . Values for the maternal effect and the correlation between additive and maternal effect were 0.18 for BWT, 0.08 for @entity1 , 0.32 for BWT, and 0.50 for @entity1 , respectively. Individual heterosis was only significant for BWT (3.7%; P < 0.01). Superior mothering ability of SIM was implicated by greater @entity1 and ADG of SIM as dam against the reciprocal cross (P < 0.001). The results provide information about the extent of individual heterosis and maternal breed effects.

title: Estimation of genetic and crossbreeding parameters for preweaning traits in German Angus and Simmental beef XXXX and the reciprocal crosses.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Physicians in primary and secondary care are frequently confronted with @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). In order to solve their @entity0 ' problems and out of a fear of overlooking a serious disease, many physicians give their @entity0 full physical examinations and interventions, thereby incorrectly confirming the somatic nature of their condition. Preventing somatization could be achieved by examining the @entity0 's symptom presentation for clues to underlying psychosocial issues and by an appropriate physician response. METHODS: Ninety-seven videotaped medical visits from primary care @entity0 presenting @entity1 for the first time were analyzed. @entity0 ' presentations were categorized in: (1) symptoms only; (2) symptoms with a clue to an underlying concern; or (3) symptoms with an explicit concern. General practitioners' (GPs') responses to @entity0 ' presentation were classified into ignoring or more or less exploring responses. Exploring responses were further subdivided in non-directional explorations, clue explorations and medical explorations. RESULTS: Results show that most @entity0 presented their symptoms together with a reference to an underlying concern. Yet, most of them did so in an implicit way. GPs usually explored the concern presented by the @entity0 , but most often in a medical way only. CONCLUSION: To address the potential psychological basis of @entity0 ' @entity1 , GPs should pay more attention to the specific clues @entity0 present to them. Likewise, in order to receive full attention, @entity0 should try to present their concerns more explicitly.

title: General practitioners' responses to the initial presentation of XXXX : a quantitative analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine relationships among Bruch's membrane ultrastructure, @entity2 , and @entity1 with respect to zones of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) degeneration and @entity1 adjacent to the optic nerve head, as a function of age. DESIGN: @entity0 tissue study using clinicopathologic correlation. TISSUES: Eyes from @entity0 36 to 93 years of age lacking clinical evidence of @entity3 , @entity7 , severe @entity6 , age-related @entity5 , or other macular or peripapillary chorioretinal pathologic condition. METHODS: Sections through the retina-choroid complex at the temporal aspect of the optic nerve head were used for light microscopic histopathologic analysis (n = 17), electron microscopy (n = 9), carbonic anhydrase histochemical analysis (n = 7), and lipid histochemical analysis (n = 22). Retinal whole mounts were used for photoreceptor counts (n = 5). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We determined the width of @entity4 and @entity1 , the number of eyes with abnormalities of inner Bruch's membrane, and the number of rod and cone photoreceptors within 1 mm of the disc margin. We determined whether Bruch's membrane changes, @entity2 , and @entity1 were associated with @entity4 and @entity1 . RESULTS: All eyes had @entity4 , degeneration, or both. The zone of @entity4 @entity1 widened significantly after age 75. Thickening of inner Bruch's membrane and abnormalities of the @entity4 basal lamina were associated with degenerating and @entity4 . The @entity4 basal lamina was narrow, reduplicated, or thickened as a basal laminar deposit. All eyes exhibited @entity2 but not cones at the peripapillary termination of Bruch's membrane. Diminution of choriocapillaris coverage of Bruch's membrane was associated with @entity4 . @entity8 was associated with @entity4 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that peripapillary @entity9 is an age-related degeneration of the @entity4 -Bruch's membrane complex that resembles that found in the macula and periphery of normal eyes.

title: Peripapillary XXXX : Bruch's membrane changes and photoreceptor loss.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malnutrition is a significant problem in @entity0 with @entity2 . The goal of this study was to investigate the prognostic role of Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) in @entity0 with @entity2 treated in an integrative @entity1 treatment setting. METHODS: We evaluated a case series of 132 @entity2 @entity0 treated at Cancer Treatment Centers of America(R) from Jan 2001 to May 2006. SGA was used to assess nutritional status at baseline. Using SGA, @entity0 were classified as well nourished (SGA A), moderately malnourished (SGA B) or severely malnourished (SGA C). Kaplan Meier method was used to calculate survival. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to evaluate the prognostic effect of SGA independent of other factors. RESULTS: Of 132 @entity0 , 24 were newly diagnosed while 108 had received prior treatment. 15 had stage I disease at diagnosis, 8 stage II, 85 stage III and 17 stage IV. The median age at presentation was 54.4 years (range 25.5 - 82.5 years). 66 @entity0 were well-nourished (SGA A), 35 moderately malnourished (SGA B) and 31 severely malnourished (SGA C). Well nourished @entity0 had a median survival of 19.3 months (95% CI: 14.1 to 24.5), moderately malnourished 15.5 months (95% CI: 5.8 to 25.1), and severely malnourished 6.7 months (95% CI: 4.1 to 9.3); the difference being statistically significant (p = 0.0003). Multivariate Cox modeling, after adjusting for stage at diagnosis and prior treatment history found that moderately malnourished and severely malnourished status were associated with a relative risk of 2.1 (95% CI: 1.2 to 3.6, p = 0.008) and 3.4 (95% CI: 1.9 to 5.8, p < 0.001) respectively as compared to well nourished status. CONCLUSION: Univariate and multivariate survival analyses found that low SGA scores (i.e. well-nourished status) are associated with better survival outcomes. This study lends support to the role of aggressive nutritional intervention in improving @entity0 outcomes in @entity1 care.

title: Can subjective global assessment of nutritional status predict survival in XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Among @entity3 , @entity6 ( @entity6 ) have traditionally been a distinct diagnostic category. Hurthle cell @entity4 are encapsulated follicular lesions with benign behavior. @entity5 exhibit unequivocal capsular and/or vascular invasion; they are @entity2 with a poor prognosis. Recently, Hurthle cell @entity8 ( @entity8 ) have been identified on morphological grounds. We hypothesize that a subset of @entity6 represent PTC with clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical features based on specific molecular events. @entity9 /PTC gene rearrangements give rise to novel oncogenes that are unique to PTC. We studied a group (n = 50) of @entity6 for @entity9 /PTC gene rearrangements. @entity1 were examined for papillary differentiation by light microscopic evaluation of nuclear features, by RT-PCR for @entity9 /PTC gene rearrangements, and by immunohistochemistry for @entity9 . Among 24 noninvasive @entity1 , 13 contained @entity11 for @entity9 / @entity7 , -2, or -3, and 9 of these were immunoreactive for @entity9 . Among 19 @entity5 , 15 had focal @entity10 with grooves and/or inclusions; expressed transcripts of @entity9 / @entity7 , -2, or-3; and exhibited @entity9 positivity. @entity1 with @entity9 /PTC gene rearrangements tended to have lymph node @entity0 rather than hematogenous spread. Our results indicate that a subset of @entity6 exhibit features of PTC that are attributable to specific gene rearrangements, resulting in expression of @entity9 /PTC oncogenes. These data support subclassification of @entity6 into three groups: Hurthle cell @entity4 , @entity5 , and Hurthle cell PTC.

title: Molecular basis off hurthle cell XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare 2 different nonradioactive assay methods with a conventional radioimmunoassay (RIA) measuring the concentration of serum @entity1 (T4) in horses. Serum was obtained from 85 adult standardbred @entity0 . The T4 concentration of each sample was analyzed by RIA, chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay (CEI), and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The correlation between the @entity2 method and RIA method was significantly greater (r = 0.89) than the correlation between the CEI and the reference method (r = 0.53). In addition, the precision of the @entity2 method was significantly greater than the CEI method; within-run percentage coefficients of variation were 4.5% and 15.9%, respectively, at mean T4 concentrations of 19-20 nmol/liter. On the basis of these findings, the @entity2 method was evaluated further. Both between-run precision and linearity were deemed adequate upon dilution by the @entity2 method. In addition, recovery of @entity1 added to equine serum was linear over 6 concentrations tested and averaged 79.6% with a manufacturer recommended data correction factor. An in-house correction factor was calculated by linear regression analysis of the RIA and @entity2 results from the original equine serum samples. Use of this correction factor improved the average recovery to 94.2% while maintaining excellent linearity (r2 = 0.9978). Although both nonradioactive methods of T4 analysis could likely substitute for the RIA reference method, the @entity2 method had the highest correlation and precision. The @entity2 technique also yielded adequately accurate results after correction of the data with an appropriate correction factor. Individually derived in-house correction factors may improve the accuracy of the @entity2 method to a greater extent than manufacturer suggested correction factors.

title: Correlation of two nonradioactive immunoassays to a radioimmunoassay technique for XXXX measurement in equine serum.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) accuracy can vary substantially depending on the dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced (DSC) acquisition and postprocessing methods, due to blood-brain barrier disruption and resulting T1-weighted leakage and T2- and/or T2*-weighted imaging (T2/T2*WI) residual effects. We set out to determine optimal DSC conditions that address these errors and maximize rCBV accuracy in differentiating posttreatment radiation effect (PTRE) and @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We recruited @entity0 with previously treated high-grade @entity2 undergoing image-guided re-resection of recurrent contrast-enhancing MR imaging lesions. Thirty-six surgical tissue samples were collected from 11 subjects. Preoperative 3T DSC used 6 sequential evenly timed acquisitions, each by using a 0.05-mmol/kg @entity3 bolus. Preload dosing (PLD) and baseline subtraction (BLS) techniques corrected T1-weighted leakage and T2/T2*WI residual effects, respectively. PLD amount and incubation time increased with each sequential acquisition. Corresponding tissue specimen stereotactic locations were coregistered to DSC to measure localized rCBV under varying PLD amounts, incubation times, and the presence of BLS. rCBV thresholds were determined to maximize test accuracy (average of sensitivity and specificity) in distinguishing @entity1 (n = 21) and PTRE (n = 15) samples under the varying conditions. Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) areas under the curve (AUCs) were statistically compared. RESULTS: The protocol that combined PLD (0.1-mmol/kg amount, 6-minute incubation time) and BLS correction methods maximized test AUC (0.99) and accuracy (95.2%) compared with uncorrected rCBV AUC (0.85) and accuracy (81.0%) measured without PLD and BLS (P = .01). CONCLUSIONS: Combining PLD and BLS correction methods for T1-weighted and T2/T2*WI errors, respectively, enables highly accurate differentiation of PTRE and @entity1 growth.

title: Optimized preload leakage-correction methods to improve the diagnostic accuracy of dynamic susceptibility-weighted contrast-enhanced perfusion MR imaging in posttreatment XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is a common condition with substantial health consequences. A recent randomized trial found that playing the didgeridoo improved both subjective and objective sleep measures. We undertook a cross-sectional survey of professional orchestra players to test the hypothesis that playing a wind instrument would be associated with a lower risk of @entity0 . METHODS: An anonymous internet-based survey of professional orchestra members assessed risk of @entity1 using the Berlin questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test the association between playing a wind instrument and having a high risk score on the Berlin questionnaire, both unadjusted and adjusted for age, body mass index, and gender. RESULTS: A total of 1,111 orchestra members responded, including 369 (33%) wind instrument players. Wind players were more often male and had a higher body mass index than non-wind players. Of all musicians, 348 (31%) had a high risk of @entity1 . Wind players were more likely than non-wind players to be at high risk in unadjusted analysis (Odds ratio=1.47, 95% CI 1.13, 1.91), though this association was not significant in adjusted analysis (Odds ratio=1.12 (0.82, 1.54)). CONCLUSION: Playing a wind instrument was not associated with a lower risk of @entity0 .

title: Risk of XXXX in orchestra members.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of dissecting epiciliary proliferative tissue in eyes that are hypotonous. DESIGN: Retrospective noncomparative case series. @entity0 : Eight @entity0 (nine eyes). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Normalization of intraocular pressure and preservation of vision. METHODS: A chart review was conducted to locate all surgical procedures performed primarily for @entity11 . Nine procedures on eight eyes of eight @entity0 seen in the vitreoretinal service of the Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute were identified and included in this study. Six of these eyes had undergone prior surgery for @entity8 in association with proliferative @entity9 , one had undergone surgery for @entity8 in the setting of a @entity5 , and two had undergone @entity2 surgery and coined the diagnoses of @entity7 ( @entity3 and @entity4 ). Dissection and removal of the epiciliary proliferative tissue and lens capsule was undertaken by two surgeons (EdJ and @entity12 ) using either a pars plana or limbal approach. The main outcome measures were intraocular pressure (IOP) and visual acuity after an average follow-up of 26 months (range, 9-48 months). RESULTS: In the immediate postoperative period, all @entity0 showed an increase in IOP (average increase of 6.3 mm Hg; range, 3-14 mmHg). This average increase in IOP decreased to 5.2 mmHg at 6 months and 4.2 mm Hg at 12 or more months of follow-up. The rate of the IOP decrease appeared to lessen with time, suggesting long-term stabilization. Visual acuity remained stable in all @entity0 , although the final level of vision was low. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical intervention for @entity11 with greater than 1 year follow-up continues to show elevated IOP in some @entity0 , despite the fact that the large initial increase in IOP is not sustained. No eye had @entity10 develop or became @entity1 . However, no eye had marked improvement in vision. Further study is needed to uncover the main contributing factors that result in @entity11 before IOP can be maintained for prolonged periods in more @entity6 and before these eyes can regain more vision.

title: The surgical management of XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: We recently reported that female @entity0 with @entity7 receiving controlled thyroid and @entity2 hormone substitution, but without GH replacement, had a more than 2-fold increase in cardiovascular mortality compared to the general population. In the present study we investigated the incidence of @entity1 as well as the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in 33 females with @entity7 for 6-46 yr (median, 18) compared to those in 33 control subjects recruited from the general population in the same geographical area and matched for sex, age, smoking habits, educational level, and residence location. The @entity0 were with a very high probability GH deficient, as 29 had subnormal serum insulin-like growth factor I levels, and the other 4 were GH deficient, as assessed by an insulin tolerance test. The incidence of @entity1 was significantly higher among the hypopituitary @entity0 (incidence ratio, 3.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-11.3), and the consumption of cardioactive drugs was also significantly higher (P = 0.002). Hypopituitary @entity0 had a lower degree of physical exercise during their spare time (P = 0.02), a higher waist/hip ratio (P = 0.01), lower high density lipoprotein @entity3 (P = 0.002), and higher low density/high density lipoprotein ratio (P = 0.009). Furthermore, the @entity0 had a significantly increased left atrium size (P = 0.05), but no difference was observed for other cardiac measures. In the patients, serum insulin-like growth factor I levels significantly correlated with left ventricular mass index (r = 0.48; P = 0.006), suggesting that GH has a strong impact on cardiac size. More episodes of @entity5 (P = 0.05), but no increased occurrence of extrasystolies, were encountered in the @entity0 during 24-h continuous electrocardiogram monitoring. Carotid artery intima-media thickness and plaque numbers did not differ between @entity0 and controls. In conclusion, hypopituitary females exhibit an increased incidence of @entity1 , higher cardioactive drug consumption, and an increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. The @entity1 could not be ascribed to inadequate @entity4 or thyroid hormone treatment, and @entity6 is probably an important contributing factor.

title: Hypopituitary females have a high incidence of XXXX and an increased prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rare variants of @entity2 pose a diagnostic challenge even to astute clinicians and @entity2 is one such form of disease with unique clinical and histopathological features. There are very few large series on this entity, mainly reported from India. OBJECTIVES: To study the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: We undertook this retrospective study including @entity0 registered with the @entity2 clinic of our tertiary care referral centre from January 1991 to December 2006. Data regarding demographic details, clinical features, treatment, complications and course following treatment were extracted from the records of the @entity2 clinic. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity2 among the registered @entity0 of our clinic was 1.8% (40 of 2150). There was a significant male preponderance with a male/female ratio of 5.7 : 1. The anatomical areas of involvement were thighs/buttocks (67.5%), arms (62.5%), back (52.5%), face (47.5%), forearms (47.5%) and legs (35%) in descending order of frequency. This variety of @entity2 was found most commonly in @entity0 with a primary diagnosis of @entity4 (40%). De novo histoid lesions, i.e. lesions of @entity2 developing without evidence of lesions of other types of @entity2 in the Ridley-Jopling classification, appeared in 12.5% of @entity0 only. Only three @entity0 had received antileprosy treatment before presentation. Episodes of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) had occurred in 40% of @entity0 , although only one @entity0 manifested @entity5 after the diagnosis of @entity2 . The disease responded satisfactorily to the respective World Health Organization multidrug therapy regimens in all except in one @entity0 who relapsed with @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: As the bacillary load is very high in these @entity0 , they can form a potential reservoir of the infection in the community especially in the postleprosy elimination era. Contrary to the earlier belief in the dapsone era, most of our @entity0 @entity1 without any history of inadequate or incomplete antileprosy therapy.

title: XXXX : a retrospective study of 40 cases from India.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A chimeric @entity0 model has been used to determine the effect of aging on the differentiation of CD8+ T cells and on the regeneration capacity of the mature peripheral T cell pool after radiation induced depletion. Bone marrow cells from @entity4 + @entity0 were transplanted into lethally irradiated young or aged @entity0 ( @entity4 +). After 6 weeks, splenic CD8+ T cells were subjected to phenotypic and functional examinations by flow cytometry. Both young and aged @entity0 were able to develop donor derived ( @entity4 +) CD8+ T cells. Although the absolute number of T cells was reduced in aged recipients, the ratio of @entity3 + to CD8+ T cells of donor-origin was the same in young @entity4 + control @entity0 as it was in both young and aged chimeric @entity0 , indicating that aging has no effect on the ratio of @entity3 + to CD8+ T cells produced by the thymus. However, the percentage of CD8+ cells in the total @entity4 + (host-origin) T cell population was significantly higher in young chimeric @entity0 than in age-matched @entity4 + control @entity0 (P < 0.01), suggesting that a significant over expansion of the @entity4 + CD8+ subset occurred in young @entity0 during regeneration. The @entity4 + CD8+ T cells that developed in young hosts were of a naive phenotype with a majority of cells expressing a low level of @entity5 . In contrast, the majority of those that developed in the aged host displayed a memory phenotype with a high percentage of cells being @entity5 hi. In addition, the production of @entity1 and @entity2 by @entity4 + CD8+ T cells was affected by the age of the host. A greater fraction of aged @entity4 + CD8+ T cells could be induced to produce either @entity2 or @entity1 than young CD8+ T cells. These results suggested that the aged microenvironment has a significant effect on newly developed CD8+ T cells and that the age of the microenvironment also influences the regeneration capacity of CD8+ T cells.

title: Aging affects the regeneration of the CD8+ T cell compartment in bone marrow transplanted XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ; ECyd), a @entity2 analog, has a potent cytotoxic activity against @entity0 cells. We have investigated the @entity0 induced by ECyd, focusing on its molecular mechanisms. In ECyd-treated cells, @entity4 is activated and involved in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) phosphorylation, followed by induction of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis. The mechanism of @entity1 phophorylation by @entity4 was unknown. To investigate the mechanism, we performed the identification of @entity4 -binding partners by proteomic approach using co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. We found that @entity4 was associated with a protein (we named it Protein-190). At the same time, we observed that Protein-190 was amply phosphorylated. Furthermore, the participation of Protein-190 in the ECyd-induced apoptosis was supported by a knockdown experiment using small interfering RNA (siRNA). Thus, the number of ECyd-induced apoptotic cells was drastically decreased when Protein-190 was knocked-down. These results indicated Protein-190 as a regulator in apoptosis, and provide the possibility for a new clinical target in @entity0 chemotherapy.

title: Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induced by XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: From 2000 to 2005, a total of 1,096 @entity3 were diagnosed either by isolation of virus from cell culture or by RT-PCR (5'non-coding region (NCR)). Typing of viruses (n = 674) was carried out by immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies, neutralization test or molecular methods. Seasons with high enterovirus activity were characterized by high prevalence of echovirus 30 (62.2% in 2000, 25.5% in 2001) and echovirus 13 (34.5% in 2001). In contrast, in the 2003 season, which had very low enterovirus activity, these types were rare. During this season, cell culture sensitivity ( @entity0 @entity2 cells and @entity0 @entity1 (HEL)) was exceptionally low. In order to determine the type of "non-cultivable" enteroviruses, purified RNA from selected stool samples was subjected to direct molecular typing. VP1/2A-specific fragments were amplified by RT-PCR, cloned and sequenced. The predominant virus identified was coxsackie A. Consequently, rhabdomyosarcom cells were introduced into the daily routine, which improved the isolation of enteroviruses. Echovirus 30 was again most commonly isolated during seasons 2004 and 2005 with increasing enterovirus activity. In conclusion, high prevalence of echovirus 30 and 13 is indicative of seasons with high enterovirus activity. The type of circulating enteroviruses may influence isolation of enterovirus from cell culture. RT-PCR (VP1/2A) combined with cloning and sequencing of amplicons is a useful tool for viral typing directly from stool samples. In cases of severe @entity3 , virological diagnosis should not solely rely on virus isolation from cell culture.

title: Epidemiologic aspects and laboratory features of XXXX in Western Germany, 2000-2005.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognosis of asymptomatic @entity4 . BACKGROUND: As opposed to symptomatic @entity4 , little information is available on the prognosis of asymptomatic @entity4 . METHOD: Thirty never-symptomatic and 81 symptomatic @entity0 with @entity4 underwent baseline assessment of 15 risk factors together with PET measurements of @entity1 extraction fraction (OEF). Every 6-month telephone contact recorded interval medical treatment and subsequent @entity2 occurrence during an average follow-up of 32 months. @entity0 , treating physicians, and an end point adjudicator were blinded to PET results. RESULTS: @entity3 occurred in 1 of 30 of never-symptomatic @entity0 (3.3%) and 15 of 81 of symptomatic @entity0 (18.5%; p = 0.03). No @entity2 in the carotid territory distal to the occluded vessel occurred in the never-symptomatic @entity0 . Multivariate analysis of baseline risk factors for all 111 @entity0 revealed that age, plasma @entity5 level, and PET findings of high OEF distal to the occluded carotid artery were the only independent predictors of subsequent @entity2 (p < 0.05). Previous ipsilateral hemispheric or retinal symptoms was not a significant predictive variable. The lower risk of @entity2 in never-symptomatic @entity0 was associated with a lower incidence of high OEF (4 of 30) as opposed to symptomatic @entity0 (39 of 81; p = 0.002), but there was no significant difference in age or @entity5 level. CONCLUSIONS: Never-symptomatic @entity4 carries a very low risk of subsequent @entity3 . This benign prognosis is associated with a low incidence of cerebral hemodynamic compromise in these @entity0 . These data support further the importance of hemodynamic factors in the pathogenesis of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Benign prognosis of never-symptomatic XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The evaluation of the @entity0 through a comprehensive history and physical examination is considered the cornerstone of medical diagnosis, but many studies suggest that physicians have inadequate physical examination skills. It is unknown whether these skills are reliable and whether they can be adequately acquired through training. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the clinician to detect the presence and discriminate the extent of clinical @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity4 in an @entity5 or hospitalized @entity0 . METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of a convenience sample of @entity0 presenting to the @entity5 or admitted to the hospital who had a rectal temperature measurement within 30 minutes prior to the observation, serum hematocrit measurement on the day of observation, or serum @entity3 measurement one day prior to the day of observation. Observers' (emergency medicine attending physicians', resident physicians', and rotating medical students') estimated serum hematocrit, rectal temperature, and serum @entity3 values were obtained after each observation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and mean absolute difference between actual and estimated values were calculated for each observer. RESULTS: The physicians detected the presence or absence of @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity4 in @entity0 with sensitivities and specificities of approximately 70%. Their predictions varied from the measured value on average by 6.0 +/- 4.6% for serum hematocrit, 1.3 + 1.1 degrees F for rectal temperature, and 3.4 +/- 5.3 mg/dL for serum @entity3 . Observer accuracy decreased when evaluating @entity0 with high and low measured values. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to correctly perform and interpret the physical examination appears to be independent of the observer level of training, @entity0 ethnicity, or @entity0 gender. The examination for pallor, warmth, and @entity4 is unreliable in predicting the corresponding laboratory or electronic measurement. Certain anemic, febrile, or @entity4 @entity0 may not be reliably detected solely by a focused physical examination.

title: Evaluation of the physician's ability to recognize the presence or absence of @entity2 , @entity1 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The evaluation of the @entity0 through a comprehensive history and physical examination is considered the cornerstone of medical diagnosis, but many studies suggest that physicians have inadequate physical examination skills. It is unknown whether these skills are reliable and whether they can be adequately acquired through training. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the clinician to detect the presence and discriminate the extent of clinical @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity4 in an @entity5 or hospitalized @entity0 . METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of a convenience sample of @entity0 presenting to the @entity5 or admitted to the hospital who had a rectal temperature measurement within 30 minutes prior to the observation, serum hematocrit measurement on the day of observation, or serum @entity3 measurement one day prior to the day of observation. Observers' (emergency medicine attending physicians', resident physicians', and rotating medical students') estimated serum hematocrit, rectal temperature, and serum @entity3 values were obtained after each observation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and mean absolute difference between actual and estimated values were calculated for each observer. RESULTS: The physicians detected the presence or absence of @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity4 in @entity0 with sensitivities and specificities of approximately 70%. Their predictions varied from the measured value on average by 6.0 +/- 4.6% for serum hematocrit, 1.3 + 1.1 degrees F for rectal temperature, and 3.4 +/- 5.3 mg/dL for serum @entity3 . Observer accuracy decreased when evaluating @entity0 with high and low measured values. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to correctly perform and interpret the physical examination appears to be independent of the observer level of training, @entity0 ethnicity, or @entity0 gender. The examination for pallor, warmth, and @entity4 is unreliable in predicting the corresponding laboratory or electronic measurement. Certain anemic, febrile, or @entity4 @entity0 may not be reliably detected solely by a focused physical examination.

title: Evaluation of the physician's ability to recognize the presence or absence of @entity2 , XXXX , and @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The evaluation of the @entity0 through a comprehensive history and physical examination is considered the cornerstone of medical diagnosis, but many studies suggest that physicians have inadequate physical examination skills. It is unknown whether these skills are reliable and whether they can be adequately acquired through training. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of the clinician to detect the presence and discriminate the extent of clinical @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity4 in an @entity5 or hospitalized @entity0 . METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of a convenience sample of @entity0 presenting to the @entity5 or admitted to the hospital who had a rectal temperature measurement within 30 minutes prior to the observation, serum hematocrit measurement on the day of observation, or serum @entity3 measurement one day prior to the day of observation. Observers' (emergency medicine attending physicians', resident physicians', and rotating medical students') estimated serum hematocrit, rectal temperature, and serum @entity3 values were obtained after each observation. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and mean absolute difference between actual and estimated values were calculated for each observer. RESULTS: The physicians detected the presence or absence of @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity4 in @entity0 with sensitivities and specificities of approximately 70%. Their predictions varied from the measured value on average by 6.0 +/- 4.6% for serum hematocrit, 1.3 + 1.1 degrees F for rectal temperature, and 3.4 +/- 5.3 mg/dL for serum @entity3 . Observer accuracy decreased when evaluating @entity0 with high and low measured values. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to correctly perform and interpret the physical examination appears to be independent of the observer level of training, @entity0 ethnicity, or @entity0 gender. The examination for pallor, warmth, and @entity4 is unreliable in predicting the corresponding laboratory or electronic measurement. Certain anemic, febrile, or @entity4 @entity0 may not be reliably detected solely by a focused physical examination.

title: Evaluation of the physician's ability to recognize the presence or absence of XXXX , @entity1 , and @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The dissociation constants for the binding of @entity1 cytochrome c2 and its @entity2 mutant to the cytochrome bc1 complex embedded in a phospholipid bilayer were measured by plasmon waveguide resonance spectroscopy in the presence and absence of the inhibitor @entity3 . The reduced form of cytochrome c2 strongly binds to reduced cytochrome bc1 (Kd = 0.02 microM) but binds much more weakly to the oxidized form (Kd = 3.1 microM). In contrast, oxidized cytochrome c2 binds to oxidized cytochrome bc1 in a biphasic fashion with Kd values of 0.11 and 0.58 microM. Such a biphasic interaction is consistent with binding to two separate sites or conformations of oxidized cytochrome c2 and/or cytochrome bc1. However, in the presence of @entity3 , we find that oxidized cytochrome c2 binds to oxidized cytochrome bc1 in a monophasic fashion with high affinity (Kd = 0.06 microM) and reduced cytochrome c2 binds less strongly (Kd = 0.11 microM) but approximately 30-fold more tightly than in the absence of @entity3 . Structural studies with cytochrome bc1, with and without the inhibitor @entity3 , have led to the proposal that the Rieske protein is mobile, moving between the cytochrome b and cytochrome c1 components during turnover. In one conformation, the Rieske protein binds near the heme of cytochrome c1, while the cytochrome c2 binding site is also near the cytochrome c1 heme but on the opposite side from the Rieske site, where cytochrome c2 cannot directly interact with Rieske. However, the inhibitor, @entity3 , freezes the Rieske protein @entity0 cluster in a conformation proximal to cytochrome b and distal to cytochrome c1. We conclude from this that the dual conformation of the Rieske protein is primarily responsible for biphasic binding of oxidized cytochrome c2 to cytochrome c1. This optimizes turnover by maximizing binding of the substrate, oxidized cytochrome c2, when the @entity0 cluster is proximal to cytochrome b and minimizing binding of the product, reduced cytochrome c2, when it is proximal to cytochrome c1.

title: Plasmon waveguide resonance spectroscopic evidence for differential binding of oxidized and reduced @entity1 cytochrome c2 to the cytochrome bc1 complex mediated by the conformation of the Rieske XXXX protein.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The dissociation constants for the binding of @entity1 cytochrome c2 and its @entity2 mutant to the cytochrome bc1 complex embedded in a phospholipid bilayer were measured by plasmon waveguide resonance spectroscopy in the presence and absence of the inhibitor @entity3 . The reduced form of cytochrome c2 strongly binds to reduced cytochrome bc1 (Kd = 0.02 microM) but binds much more weakly to the oxidized form (Kd = 3.1 microM). In contrast, oxidized cytochrome c2 binds to oxidized cytochrome bc1 in a biphasic fashion with Kd values of 0.11 and 0.58 microM. Such a biphasic interaction is consistent with binding to two separate sites or conformations of oxidized cytochrome c2 and/or cytochrome bc1. However, in the presence of @entity3 , we find that oxidized cytochrome c2 binds to oxidized cytochrome bc1 in a monophasic fashion with high affinity (Kd = 0.06 microM) and reduced cytochrome c2 binds less strongly (Kd = 0.11 microM) but approximately 30-fold more tightly than in the absence of @entity3 . Structural studies with cytochrome bc1, with and without the inhibitor @entity3 , have led to the proposal that the Rieske protein is mobile, moving between the cytochrome b and cytochrome c1 components during turnover. In one conformation, the Rieske protein binds near the heme of cytochrome c1, while the cytochrome c2 binding site is also near the cytochrome c1 heme but on the opposite side from the Rieske site, where cytochrome c2 cannot directly interact with Rieske. However, the inhibitor, @entity3 , freezes the Rieske protein @entity0 cluster in a conformation proximal to cytochrome b and distal to cytochrome c1. We conclude from this that the dual conformation of the Rieske protein is primarily responsible for biphasic binding of oxidized cytochrome c2 to cytochrome c1. This optimizes turnover by maximizing binding of the substrate, oxidized cytochrome c2, when the @entity0 cluster is proximal to cytochrome b and minimizing binding of the product, reduced cytochrome c2, when it is proximal to cytochrome c1.

title: Plasmon waveguide resonance spectroscopic evidence for differential binding of oxidized and reduced XXXX cytochrome c2 to the cytochrome bc1 complex mediated by the conformation of the Rieske @entity0 protein.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The implantation of a coronary artery (CA) is critical for the arterial switch operation (ASO) done to treat @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity2 are risk factors for both early and late mortality after surgery. In this study, the methodology and effects of ASO surgery with coronary arteries from a single sinus were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: From March 1999 to June 2006, 31 @entity0 were treated with ASO with coronary arteries from a single sinus in our hospital. They aged 11 hours 16 months (2.8 +/- 3.9 months) and weighted 2.3 7.8 Kg (3.1 +/- 2.5 Kg). 27 cases had @entity5 and a @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and 4 had @entity5 and an intact ventricular septum (IVS). During surgery, a CA button was implanted in the new proximal aorta with "trapdoor" technique or by inverting 90 degrees dorsally; pericardium or arterial augmentation was implanted at the base of the new major artery. The mortality rate after surgery was 25.8%. After 2-5 years of follow-up, 2 cases with residual shunting recovered spontaneously, 2 cases had residual pulmonary @entity1 (30-56 mmHg), and none of the @entity0 had any significant changes in @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The implantation of an abnormal coronary artery is practical and feasible; it can reduce both the occurrence of twisting and deforming in the coronary artery after implantation, as well as @entity3 after surgery. Thus, this could improve the surgical success and cure rates.

title: Arterial switch operation with coronary arteries from a single sinus in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: We evaluated our experience with axillary artery perfusion technique in @entity2 aortic dissection repair. METHODS: Between September 2000 and July 2006, 41 consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 aortic dissection underwent surgical repair. In 35 of 41 @entity0 (85.4%), arterial perfusion was performed through right axillary artery and in the remaining six @entity0 (14.6%), arterial perfusion site was femoral artery. Indication for femoral artery perfusion was @entity4 and ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation in one and @entity5 of right upper limb in five @entity0 . Mean age was 54.9 +/- 15.3 (16 to 90 years) and 28 were male. Unilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion (perfusate temperature 22 to 25 degrees C) through axillary artery was performed in all axillary artery perfused @entity0 and in three @entity0 who had femoral artery perfusion. RESULTS: Five @entity0 died postoperatively (hospital mortality 12.2%). All of them had evidence of single or multiple organ malperfusion preoperatively. We did not experience any new transient or permanent @entity1 after the procedure in the unilateral antegrade cerebral perfusion @entity0 . Complications related to axillary artery cannulation were observed in two @entity0 (5.3%). One @entity0 with femoral artery cannulation experienced femoral @entity3 , postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Right axillary artery cannulation for repair of @entity2 aortic dissection is a simple and safe procedure. In the case of @entity5 of right upper limb, femoral artery is still the choice of cannulation site.

title: Axillary artery perfusion in XXXX aortic dissection repair.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several kinds of radical surgery for the treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) have been devised. We have described preliminary efforts to treat @entity4 using a novel radical resection technique to expose the entire inferior vena cava (IVC) of the hepatic segment. METHODS: Sixty @entity0 with @entity4 were treated by radical resection, including 46 @entity0 and 14 @entity0 . @entity4 @entity0 ranged in age from 11 to 62 years, with 3 months to 11 years since the @entity4 diagnosis. The lesions included membrane occlusion of the IVC in 16 @entity0 , double membranes within the IVC in 2 @entity0 , double membranes within the IVC and the hepatic vein (HV) in 3 @entity0 , IVC membrane with distal @entity3 in 10 @entity0 , long segment @entity3 of the IVC in 5 @entity0 (organized @entity3 in 2 @entity0 , fresh @entity3 in 3 @entity0 ), occlusion of the outlet of the HVs due to mural @entity3 in 2 @entity0 , segmental occlusion of the IVC in 3 @entity0 , membranes within the HV with @entity5 due to protrusion of HV stent in 1 @entity0 , HV membranes in 11 @entity0 , extensive occlusion of HVs in 1 @entity0 , the whole IVC @entity1 thrombus with @entity1 thrombus of 2/3 right atrium resulting from a posterior peritoneum @entity1 in 1 @entity0 , @entity5 in 2 @entity0 , @entity5 with @entity1 thrombus into 1/2 right atrium in 1 @entity0 , IVC @entity3 extending into right atrium in 1 @entity0 , compression of supra-hepatic segment of IVC due to fiber trabs in 1 @entity0 . RESULTS: All lesions were successfully resected under direct supervision. Three procedures were performed under extracorporeal circulation, 52 @entity0 with catheterization of the right atrium, 4 @entity0 with a cell saver, and one @entity0 with auto-retrieval of blood. The retrieved blood was from 300 ml to 4000 ml. Transfusion of banked blood was from 400 ml to 2000 ml for 14 @entity0 . For the other @entity0 no transfusion of banked blood was required. One @entity0 died of @entity2 peri-operatively. Newly formed IVC membrane was found for one recurrent @entity0 whose IVC @entity3 was removed one year prior. Restenosis of the IVC was observed post-operatively without symptoms in one @entity0 . In the other @entity0 , no recurrent symptom was found during the follow-up periods. CONCLUSION: This novel surgery provides a clear visual field during the procedure and yields satisfactory short and long-term results.

title: Radical surgery for XXXX through exposure of the entire inferior vena cava of the hepatic segment.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although cytological methods for breast oncology have been used in recent decades, intra-operative frozen section has been playing a vital role in making therapeutic decisions. We analyzed a large series of frozen section diagnoses for Chinese cases of breast lesion within the last 15 years. The experience was expected to increase the diagnostic accuracy of cases with @entity10 . METHODS: The data from consecutive 13243 cases of @entity10 diagnosed with intra-operative frozen sections between 1988 to 2002 were compared with @entity4 sections in a case by case manner. The causes of false negative and positive diagnoses as well as delayed diagnoses were analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred and seventeen cases (0.9%) were falsely diagnosed, with one false positive case and 116 false negative cases. The diagnosis of 47 cases (0.4%) was delayed. The proportion of several lesions had the features of the @entity0 ' ages. Six types (false invasion, peri- @entity6 , @entity14 , florid @entity12 , @entity9 @entity12 , and granulose cell @entity1 ) of lesions may lead to false positive, and four types (morphological changes responding chemotherapy, well differentiated @entity8 , @entity5 , and @entity3 ) to a false negative. Gross and microscopic findings may be inconsistent in two types of lesions ( @entity11 and florid @entity12 ) microscopic and clinical findings in three types ( @entity7 mammary, duct @entity13 , and fat @entity2 ), and three types (abundant fat or sclerous tissues; borderline lesions and changes of post-chemotherapy) were likely wrongly classified. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-operative frozen section can accurately identify @entity10 in many instances, leading to fewer errors on account of more diagnostic experience and understanding of diagnostic limitations.

title: Intra-operative frozen section diagnosis of XXXX : a retrospective analysis of 13,243 Chinese @entity0 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although cytological methods for breast oncology have been used in recent decades, intra-operative frozen section has been playing a vital role in making therapeutic decisions. We analyzed a large series of frozen section diagnoses for Chinese cases of breast lesion within the last 15 years. The experience was expected to increase the diagnostic accuracy of cases with @entity10 . METHODS: The data from consecutive 13243 cases of @entity10 diagnosed with intra-operative frozen sections between 1988 to 2002 were compared with @entity4 sections in a case by case manner. The causes of false negative and positive diagnoses as well as delayed diagnoses were analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred and seventeen cases (0.9%) were falsely diagnosed, with one false positive case and 116 false negative cases. The diagnosis of 47 cases (0.4%) was delayed. The proportion of several lesions had the features of the @entity0 ' ages. Six types (false invasion, peri- @entity6 , @entity14 , florid @entity12 , @entity9 @entity12 , and granulose cell @entity1 ) of lesions may lead to false positive, and four types (morphological changes responding chemotherapy, well differentiated @entity8 , @entity5 , and @entity3 ) to a false negative. Gross and microscopic findings may be inconsistent in two types of lesions ( @entity11 and florid @entity12 ) microscopic and clinical findings in three types ( @entity7 mammary, duct @entity13 , and fat @entity2 ), and three types (abundant fat or sclerous tissues; borderline lesions and changes of post-chemotherapy) were likely wrongly classified. CONCLUSIONS: Intra-operative frozen section can accurately identify @entity10 in many instances, leading to fewer errors on account of more diagnostic experience and understanding of diagnostic limitations.

title: Intra-operative frozen section diagnosis of @entity10 : a retrospective analysis of 13,243 Chinese XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The product of @entity11 suppressor gene ( @entity13 ), a nuclear transcription factor, regulates the expression of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF) systems, both of which are implicated in breast tumorigenesis and are known to facilitate angiogenesis. In the present study, @entity13 allelic integrity was examined by Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) studies in infiltrating @entity0 (n=60), @entity10 ( @entity10 ) (n=10) and @entity7 (n=5) @entity1 , to determine its possible association with @entity3 progression. METHODS: LOH at the @entity13 locus (11p13) as determined by PCR-RFLP for Hinf1 restriction site and was subsequently examined for its association with intratumoral expression of various growth factors i.e. @entity8 , @entity12 , @entity9 and angiogenesis ( @entity4 and Intratumoral micro-vessel density) in @entity0 . RESULTS: Six of 22 (27.2%) genetically heterozygous of infiltrating @entity0 and 1 of 4 @entity10 cases showed loss of one allele at @entity13 locus. Histologically, the @entity3 with LOH at @entity13 were @entity10 ( @entity10 ) and were of grade II and III. There was no correlation in the appearance of LOH at @entity13 locus with age, @entity3 stage, menopausal status, chemotherapy status and lymph node @entity2 . The expression of factor @entity12 and its receptor, @entity9 was significantly higher in @entity6 having LOH at @entity13 locus. A positive correlation was observed between the @entity8 , @entity4 expression and IMD scores in infiltrating @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: The current study indicates that the high frequency of loss of allelic integrity at @entity11 suppressor gene-1 locus in high-graded @entity0 is associated with @entity5 of the @entity3 .

title: High frequency of loss of allelic integrity at @entity11 suppressor gene-1 locus in advanced @entity0 associated with @entity5 of the XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The product of @entity11 suppressor gene ( @entity13 ), a nuclear transcription factor, regulates the expression of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF) systems, both of which are implicated in breast tumorigenesis and are known to facilitate angiogenesis. In the present study, @entity13 allelic integrity was examined by Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) studies in infiltrating @entity0 (n=60), @entity10 ( @entity10 ) (n=10) and @entity7 (n=5) @entity1 , to determine its possible association with @entity3 progression. METHODS: LOH at the @entity13 locus (11p13) as determined by PCR-RFLP for Hinf1 restriction site and was subsequently examined for its association with intratumoral expression of various growth factors i.e. @entity8 , @entity12 , @entity9 and angiogenesis ( @entity4 and Intratumoral micro-vessel density) in @entity0 . RESULTS: Six of 22 (27.2%) genetically heterozygous of infiltrating @entity0 and 1 of 4 @entity10 cases showed loss of one allele at @entity13 locus. Histologically, the @entity3 with LOH at @entity13 were @entity10 ( @entity10 ) and were of grade II and III. There was no correlation in the appearance of LOH at @entity13 locus with age, @entity3 stage, menopausal status, chemotherapy status and lymph node @entity2 . The expression of factor @entity12 and its receptor, @entity9 was significantly higher in @entity6 having LOH at @entity13 locus. A positive correlation was observed between the @entity8 , @entity4 expression and IMD scores in infiltrating @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: The current study indicates that the high frequency of loss of allelic integrity at @entity11 suppressor gene-1 locus in high-graded @entity0 is associated with @entity5 of the @entity3 .

title: High frequency of loss of allelic integrity at @entity11 suppressor gene-1 locus in advanced XXXX associated with @entity5 of the @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The product of @entity11 suppressor gene ( @entity13 ), a nuclear transcription factor, regulates the expression of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF) systems, both of which are implicated in breast tumorigenesis and are known to facilitate angiogenesis. In the present study, @entity13 allelic integrity was examined by Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) studies in infiltrating @entity0 (n=60), @entity10 ( @entity10 ) (n=10) and @entity7 (n=5) @entity1 , to determine its possible association with @entity3 progression. METHODS: LOH at the @entity13 locus (11p13) as determined by PCR-RFLP for Hinf1 restriction site and was subsequently examined for its association with intratumoral expression of various growth factors i.e. @entity8 , @entity12 , @entity9 and angiogenesis ( @entity4 and Intratumoral micro-vessel density) in @entity0 . RESULTS: Six of 22 (27.2%) genetically heterozygous of infiltrating @entity0 and 1 of 4 @entity10 cases showed loss of one allele at @entity13 locus. Histologically, the @entity3 with LOH at @entity13 were @entity10 ( @entity10 ) and were of grade II and III. There was no correlation in the appearance of LOH at @entity13 locus with age, @entity3 stage, menopausal status, chemotherapy status and lymph node @entity2 . The expression of factor @entity12 and its receptor, @entity9 was significantly higher in @entity6 having LOH at @entity13 locus. A positive correlation was observed between the @entity8 , @entity4 expression and IMD scores in infiltrating @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: The current study indicates that the high frequency of loss of allelic integrity at @entity11 suppressor gene-1 locus in high-graded @entity0 is associated with @entity5 of the @entity3 .

title: High frequency of loss of allelic integrity at @entity11 suppressor gene-1 locus in advanced @entity0 associated with XXXX of the @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The product of @entity11 suppressor gene ( @entity13 ), a nuclear transcription factor, regulates the expression of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF) systems, both of which are implicated in breast tumorigenesis and are known to facilitate angiogenesis. In the present study, @entity13 allelic integrity was examined by Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) studies in infiltrating @entity0 (n=60), @entity10 ( @entity10 ) (n=10) and @entity7 (n=5) @entity1 , to determine its possible association with @entity3 progression. METHODS: LOH at the @entity13 locus (11p13) as determined by PCR-RFLP for Hinf1 restriction site and was subsequently examined for its association with intratumoral expression of various growth factors i.e. @entity8 , @entity12 , @entity9 and angiogenesis ( @entity4 and Intratumoral micro-vessel density) in @entity0 . RESULTS: Six of 22 (27.2%) genetically heterozygous of infiltrating @entity0 and 1 of 4 @entity10 cases showed loss of one allele at @entity13 locus. Histologically, the @entity3 with LOH at @entity13 were @entity10 ( @entity10 ) and were of grade II and III. There was no correlation in the appearance of LOH at @entity13 locus with age, @entity3 stage, menopausal status, chemotherapy status and lymph node @entity2 . The expression of factor @entity12 and its receptor, @entity9 was significantly higher in @entity6 having LOH at @entity13 locus. A positive correlation was observed between the @entity8 , @entity4 expression and IMD scores in infiltrating @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: The current study indicates that the high frequency of loss of allelic integrity at @entity11 suppressor gene-1 locus in high-graded @entity0 is associated with @entity5 of the @entity3 .

title: High frequency of loss of allelic integrity at XXXX suppressor gene-1 locus in advanced @entity0 associated with @entity5 of the @entity3 .

answer: @entity11