abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 (DA) storage and release are reduced in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in a wide range of species, from chicks to primates. @entity3 can be prevented by treatment with DA agonists such as @entity7 , and paradoxically by the @entity2 neurotoxin @entity6 . In this study, we increased the DA levels by direct intravitreal DA injections to learn if @entity3 can be suppressed in a @entity0 model. METHODS: Seven-day-old @entity0 were deprived of pattern vision by the suturing the right eyelids after natural eye opening. In the first group ( @entity4 , n=20), the right eye received @entity4 ( @entity4 ) alone. In the second group (DA- @entity4 , n=16), the deprived eye of 7-day-old @entity0 received four intravitreal injections of 20 microg @entity2 every 5 days. In the third group (saline- @entity4 , n=16), the deprived eye received saline injections with the same schedule. The contralateral eye remained untreated as a control. At the end of the 8-week deprivation period, the effects of DA on @entity5 , corneal curvature and ocular dimensions were assessed by streak retinoscopy, keratometry and A-scan ultrasonography, respectively. RESULTS: Eight weeks of @entity3 induced a myopic shift of -2.70+/-0.87 D (n=20) in treated eyes compared with @entity1 . The major structural correlate of the @entity3 appeared to be elongation of the vitreous chamber (0.7+/-0.3 mm, n=20) and axial elongation (0.9+/-0.3 mm, n=20), respectively. Repeated intravitreal injections of DA fully prevented the myopic shift (-0.06+/-0.37 D), elongation of the vitreous chamber (0.1+/-0.3 mm, n=16) and axial elongation (0.3+/-0.2 mm, n=16) due to lid suture, whereas saline injections had slight effect. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 by suturing eyelids is an effective technique to induce a significant myopic shift, vitreous chamber and axial elongation in @entity0 as a model of @entity3 development. These changes associated with @entity4 were retarded by intravitreal injections of DA.

title: Effects of direct intravitreal @entity2 injections on the development of lid-suture induced @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 (DA) storage and release are reduced in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in a wide range of species, from chicks to primates. @entity3 can be prevented by treatment with DA agonists such as @entity7 , and paradoxically by the @entity2 neurotoxin @entity6 . In this study, we increased the DA levels by direct intravitreal DA injections to learn if @entity3 can be suppressed in a @entity0 model. METHODS: Seven-day-old @entity0 were deprived of pattern vision by the suturing the right eyelids after natural eye opening. In the first group ( @entity4 , n=20), the right eye received @entity4 ( @entity4 ) alone. In the second group (DA- @entity4 , n=16), the deprived eye of 7-day-old @entity0 received four intravitreal injections of 20 microg @entity2 every 5 days. In the third group (saline- @entity4 , n=16), the deprived eye received saline injections with the same schedule. The contralateral eye remained untreated as a control. At the end of the 8-week deprivation period, the effects of DA on @entity5 , corneal curvature and ocular dimensions were assessed by streak retinoscopy, keratometry and A-scan ultrasonography, respectively. RESULTS: Eight weeks of @entity3 induced a myopic shift of -2.70+/-0.87 D (n=20) in treated eyes compared with @entity1 . The major structural correlate of the @entity3 appeared to be elongation of the vitreous chamber (0.7+/-0.3 mm, n=20) and axial elongation (0.9+/-0.3 mm, n=20), respectively. Repeated intravitreal injections of DA fully prevented the myopic shift (-0.06+/-0.37 D), elongation of the vitreous chamber (0.1+/-0.3 mm, n=16) and axial elongation (0.3+/-0.2 mm, n=16) due to lid suture, whereas saline injections had slight effect. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 by suturing eyelids is an effective technique to induce a significant myopic shift, vitreous chamber and axial elongation in @entity0 as a model of @entity3 development. These changes associated with @entity4 were retarded by intravitreal injections of DA.

title: Effects of direct intravitreal @entity2 injections on the development of lid-suture induced XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: most studies that analyze the influence of structure factors on clinical outcomes are retrospective, based on clinical-administrative databases, and mainly focusing on surgical volume. OBJECTIVE: to study variations in the process and outcomes of oncologic surgery for esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver @entity1 and rectum @entity2 in Catalonia, as well as the factors associated with these variations. @entity0 AND METHOD: a retrospective (2002) and prospective (2003-05) multicenter cohort study. Data forms were designed to collect @entity0 , process, and care outcome characteristics before surgery, at hospital discharge, and at 3 and 6 months after discharge. Main outcome measures were hospital and follow-up mortality, complications, re-interventions, and relapse rates. RESULTS: 49 hospitals (80%) participated in the retrospective phase, 44 of which (90%) also participated in the prospective phase: 3,038 @entity0 (98%) were included. No differences were observed in the profile of operated @entity0 according to hospital level of complexity, but clinical-pathological staging and other functional status variables could not be assessed because of over 20% of missing values. There was significant variability in the volume of interventions as well as in certain aspects of the healthcare process depending on type of @entity2 and center complexity. High rates of @entity3 mortality (18.2% at discharge, 27.3% at 6 months) and of complications and re-interventions for all @entity2 assessed, especially @entity2 (18.4% re-interventions at 6 months), were identified. CONCLUSIONS: the study of the variability identified will require adequate risk-adjustment and should take into account different structure factors. It is necessary that information included in medical records be improved.

title: Management and outcomes in digestive XXXX surgery: design and initial results of a multicenter cohort study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study employed various monitoring methods to assess the impact of repeated rounds of mass drug administration ( @entity2 ) on @entity5 in Papua New Guinea, which has the largest filariasis problem in the Pacific region. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Residents of rural villages near Madang were studied prior to and one year after each of three rounds of @entity2 with @entity6 plus @entity3 administered per World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The mean @entity2 compliance rate was 72.9%. Three rounds of @entity2 decreased microfilaremia rates (Mf, 1 ml night blood by filter) from 18.6% pre- @entity2 to 1.3% after the third @entity2 (a 94% decrease). Mf clearance rates in infected @entity0 were 71%, 90.7%, and 98.1% after 1, 2, and 3 rounds of @entity2 . Rates of filarial antigenemia assessed by card test (a marker for adult @entity1 ) decreased from 47.5% to 17.1% (a 64% decrease) after 3 rounds of @entity2 . The filarial antibody rate (IgG(4) antibodies to Bm14, an indicator of @entity1 status and/or exposure to mosquito-borne infective larvae) decreased from 59.3% to 25.1% (a 54.6% decrease). Mf, antigen, and antibody rates decreased more rapidly in @entity0 <11 years of age (by 100%, 84.2%, and 76.8%, respectively) relative to older individuals, perhaps reflecting their lighter infections and shorter durations of exposure/infection prior to @entity2 . Incidence rates for microfilaremia, filarial antigenemia, and antifilarial antibodies also decreased significantly after @entity2 . Filarial DNA rates in Anopheles punctulatus mosquitoes that had recently taken a blood meal decreased from 15.1% to 1.0% (a 92.3% decrease). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: @entity2 had dramatic effects on all filariasis parameters in the study area and also reduced incidence rates. Follow-up studies will be needed to determine whether residual infection rates in residents of these villages are sufficient to support sustained transmission by the An. punctulatus vector. @entity4 elimination should be feasible in Papua New Guinea if @entity2 can be effectively delivered to endemic populations.

title: The impact of repeated rounds of mass drug administration with @entity6 plus @entity3 on XXXX in Papua New Guinea.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study employed various monitoring methods to assess the impact of repeated rounds of mass drug administration ( @entity2 ) on @entity5 in Papua New Guinea, which has the largest filariasis problem in the Pacific region. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Residents of rural villages near Madang were studied prior to and one year after each of three rounds of @entity2 with @entity6 plus @entity3 administered per World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The mean @entity2 compliance rate was 72.9%. Three rounds of @entity2 decreased microfilaremia rates (Mf, 1 ml night blood by filter) from 18.6% pre- @entity2 to 1.3% after the third @entity2 (a 94% decrease). Mf clearance rates in infected @entity0 were 71%, 90.7%, and 98.1% after 1, 2, and 3 rounds of @entity2 . Rates of filarial antigenemia assessed by card test (a marker for adult @entity1 ) decreased from 47.5% to 17.1% (a 64% decrease) after 3 rounds of @entity2 . The filarial antibody rate (IgG(4) antibodies to Bm14, an indicator of @entity1 status and/or exposure to mosquito-borne infective larvae) decreased from 59.3% to 25.1% (a 54.6% decrease). Mf, antigen, and antibody rates decreased more rapidly in @entity0 <11 years of age (by 100%, 84.2%, and 76.8%, respectively) relative to older individuals, perhaps reflecting their lighter infections and shorter durations of exposure/infection prior to @entity2 . Incidence rates for microfilaremia, filarial antigenemia, and antifilarial antibodies also decreased significantly after @entity2 . Filarial DNA rates in Anopheles punctulatus mosquitoes that had recently taken a blood meal decreased from 15.1% to 1.0% (a 92.3% decrease). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: @entity2 had dramatic effects on all filariasis parameters in the study area and also reduced incidence rates. Follow-up studies will be needed to determine whether residual infection rates in residents of these villages are sufficient to support sustained transmission by the An. punctulatus vector. @entity4 elimination should be feasible in Papua New Guinea if @entity2 can be effectively delivered to endemic populations.

title: The impact of repeated rounds of mass drug administration with XXXX plus @entity3 on @entity5 in Papua New Guinea.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study employed various monitoring methods to assess the impact of repeated rounds of mass drug administration ( @entity2 ) on @entity5 in Papua New Guinea, which has the largest filariasis problem in the Pacific region. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Residents of rural villages near Madang were studied prior to and one year after each of three rounds of @entity2 with @entity6 plus @entity3 administered per World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. The mean @entity2 compliance rate was 72.9%. Three rounds of @entity2 decreased microfilaremia rates (Mf, 1 ml night blood by filter) from 18.6% pre- @entity2 to 1.3% after the third @entity2 (a 94% decrease). Mf clearance rates in infected @entity0 were 71%, 90.7%, and 98.1% after 1, 2, and 3 rounds of @entity2 . Rates of filarial antigenemia assessed by card test (a marker for adult @entity1 ) decreased from 47.5% to 17.1% (a 64% decrease) after 3 rounds of @entity2 . The filarial antibody rate (IgG(4) antibodies to Bm14, an indicator of @entity1 status and/or exposure to mosquito-borne infective larvae) decreased from 59.3% to 25.1% (a 54.6% decrease). Mf, antigen, and antibody rates decreased more rapidly in @entity0 <11 years of age (by 100%, 84.2%, and 76.8%, respectively) relative to older individuals, perhaps reflecting their lighter infections and shorter durations of exposure/infection prior to @entity2 . Incidence rates for microfilaremia, filarial antigenemia, and antifilarial antibodies also decreased significantly after @entity2 . Filarial DNA rates in Anopheles punctulatus mosquitoes that had recently taken a blood meal decreased from 15.1% to 1.0% (a 92.3% decrease). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: @entity2 had dramatic effects on all filariasis parameters in the study area and also reduced incidence rates. Follow-up studies will be needed to determine whether residual infection rates in residents of these villages are sufficient to support sustained transmission by the An. punctulatus vector. @entity4 elimination should be feasible in Papua New Guinea if @entity2 can be effectively delivered to endemic populations.

title: The impact of repeated rounds of mass drug administration with @entity6 plus XXXX on @entity5 in Papua New Guinea.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In the present work, we show that intracellular @entity4 is rarely found in the livers of acutely infected @entity0 , but @entity1 is commonly observed. The presence of numerous intrahepatic amastigotes in infected @entity2 )-deficient @entity0 corroborates the notion that the liver is protected by an efficient local immunity. The contribution of different cell populations was suggested by data showing that @entity5 - and CD8-deficient @entity0 were able to restrain liver parasite growth. Therefore, we have characterized the liver-infiltrating lymphocytes and determined the sources of @entity2 during acute @entity4 @entity3 . We observed that natural killer (NK) cells increased by day 7, while T and B cells increased by day 14. Among CD3+ cells, @entity5 +, CD8+, and @entity5 - CD8- cell populations were greatly expanded. A large fraction of CD3+ cells were positive for PanNK, a beta1 integrin expressed by NK and NK T cells. However, these lymphocytes were not classic NK T cells because they did not express @entity6 and showed no preferential usage of Vbeta8. Otherwise, liver NK T (CD3+ @entity6 +) cells were not increased in acutely infected @entity0 . The majority of PanNK+ @entity5 + and PanNK+ CD8+ cells expressed T-cell receptor alphabeta (TCRalphabeta), whereas PanNK+ @entity5 - CD8- cells were positive for TCRgammadelta. In fact, gammadelta T cells showed the most remarkable increase (40- to 100-fold) among liver lymphocytes. Most importantly, intracellular analysis revealed high levels of @entity2 production at day 7 by NK cells and at day 14 by @entity5 +, CD8+, and @entity5 - CD8- TCRgammadelta+ cells. We concluded that NK cells are a precocious source of @entity2 in the livers of acutely infected @entity0 , and, as the disease progresses, conventional @entity5 + and CD8+ T cells and gammadelta T cells, but not classic NK-T cells, may provide the @entity2 required for liver protection against @entity4 .

title: Contribution of NK, NK T, gamma delta T, and alpha beta T cells to the gamma interferon response required for liver protection against XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Prolonged survival of @entity0 with @entity5 after aortic root replacement has led to an increased number of @entity0 with aortic complications beyond the root. Elective replacement of the aortic root removes the most important predilection site for @entity3 , but the distal aorta remains at risk. Predictors for aortic growth and adverse events in the distal aorta include aortic diameter, aortic distensiblity, previous aortic root replacement, @entity1 and @entity2 . After @entity4 , the initial false lumen diameter is an independent predictor for late @entity3 formation. Although there are a few reports of short-term success after endovascular stent grafting of the descending thoracic aorta, stent grafting in @entity0 with @entity5 is not recommended unless intervention is clearly indicated and the risk of conventional open surgical repair is deemed prohibitive. Optimal long-term outcome demands lifelong radiographic follow-up and medical treatment with beta-blocker therapy. After @entity4 rigorous antihypertensive medication is of utmost importance. @entity6 , an angiotensin II type I receptor antagonist, might offer the first potential for primary prevention of clinical manifestations in @entity5 , but the results of clinical trials have to be awaited. (Neth Heart J 2008;16:382-6.).

title: The distal aorta in the XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fetal @entity4 is a well-documented entity which, in the absence of pharmacological intervention, may lead to @entity5 , fetal @entity1 and eventually fetal demise. The success rate of the implemented treatment is generally measured by survival and achievement of control of the @entity6 . We report on the occurrence of associated @entity2 in three @entity0 with fetal @entity4 . METHODS: We describe three @entity0 with a history of fetal @entity8 who developed cerebral complications in utero. RESULTS: Two @entity0 had cerebral @entity7 and one had @entity3 present at birth. They had developed severe @entity5 and fetal @entity1 secondary to fetal @entity4 , and there were no other obvious causes for the cerebral pathology. Two of these @entity0 were referred to us antenatally. Therapy was instituted and resulted in control of the @entity4 and resolution of @entity1 . The third @entity0 was referred to our clinic shortly after birth because of severe circulatory problems secondary to fetal @entity4 . CONCLUSION: From these observations, we believe that a fetus with @entity4 and subsequent @entity1 is at increased risk for the development of cerebral complications, due to the circulatory disturbances and sudden changes in heart rate which may lead to fluctuations in cerebral perfusion. This would imply that it is of the utmost importance to aim at immediate and complete control of the heart rate in the treatment of fetal @entity4 .

title: Neurological morbidity after fetal XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) represent a complex physical and emotional stressor. Consequent short- and/or long-term alterations on the circulating concentrations of stress hormones and adipo-cytokines may have potential health implications. Fifty-nine @entity0 and adolescents, aged 7-18 years, were evaluated within 24 h after hospitalization for a @entity1 , and 1 and 6 months later; 40 @entity0 served as controls. We examined longitudinally the effects of physical injury-associated (PI) group vs. emotional-only stress (ES) group on circulating @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 , leptin and @entity5 concentrations. Within 24 h after the accident, serum @entity4 concentration was greater than the controls in the PI but not the ES group (p = 0.02), while serum @entity3 concentration was greater in both @entity2 groups than in the controls (p = 0.004 for PI, p = 0.04 for ES). @entity5 concentration was lower in the PI than the ES (p = 0.031) and the control (p = 0.019) groups and this was mainly attributed to females. The @entity6 and leptin concentrations were similar in the three groups. At the 1 and 6 month evaluations, @entity4 and @entity3 concentrations in both @entity2 groups became normal. @entity5 concentration in females, however, remained low 1 and 6 months after the accident (p = 0.03 for month six). In conclusion, circulating @entity3 concentration was influenced equally by the physical and emotional stress shortly after the @entity2 . Physical but not emotional-only stress lowered the circulating @entity5 concentrations in females and this effect persisted for at least 6 months.

title: The immediate and long-term impact of physical and/or emotional stress from motor vehicle accidents on circulating stress hormones and adipo-cytokines in XXXX and adolescents.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of Molteno aqueous shunt as a primary surgical treatment in @entity1 . METHODS: Nonrandomized, interventional, retrospective clinical study. The @entity3 ( @entity3 ), survival rate and complications were analyzed in 30 @entity0 with @entity1 treated with Molteno implant. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 59.3 +/- 18.4 months. Preoperatively, the mean +/- SD @entity3 was 32.8 +/- 7.5 mmHg (range 20-48), and the mean number of medications was 3.1 +/- 0.6. The mean @entity3 decreased significantly (p < 0.001) to 17.7 and 15 mmHg at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. The mean number of medications decreased statistically significantly (p < 0.001) from the preoperative number 3.1 to 1.9 three months postoperatively. The number of medications continued to decrease significantly up to 3 years postoperatively. The qualified success rate (Kaplan-Meier estimate) was 97%, 93%, 90% and 85% at 1, 2, 3 and 4 years, respectively. Two @entity0 failed because of @entity5 , two @entity0 developed @entity4 and one @entity0 had @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Molteno aqueous shunt as the first @entity1 procedure decreased @entity3 effectively in @entity1 . Even after 4 years, the survival estimate was quite high. The @entity3 decreased continuously during the first year after the surgery, and the medication was slowly tapered even up to 3 years postoperatively. It is suggested that it may be possible to postpone further surgical intervention during the first postoperative year after Molteno implantation even if the @entity3 is not quite optimal.

title: Molteno aqueous shunt as a primary surgical intervention for XXXX : long-term results.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the various surgical treatment reserved for @entity1 , during open @entity5 mesh repair, is effective in reducing chronic @entity4 . BACKGROUND: Interest in chronic @entity2 following herniorrhaphy has escalated, in recent years, due both to treatment and legal implications. However, much debate still exists concerning which treatment to reserve for the 3 inguinal sensory nerves. METHODS: A multicentric prospective study involving 11 Italian institutions led to the recruitment of 973 cases of hernioplasty. All surgeons were asked to report whether or not each nerve had been identified and preserved or divided. The main endpoint of the study was the evaluation of moderate to severe @entity6 at 6 months and 1 year. RESULTS: Overall, the presence of @entity2 at the 6-month and 1-year follow-up was 9.7% and 4.1%, respectively. @entity2 was mild in 7.9% and moderate to severe in 2.1%, at 6 months, and mild in 3.6% and moderate to severe in 0.5%, at 1 year. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that lack of identification of nerves is significantly correlated with presence of @entity6 , the risk of developing @entity2 increasing with the number of nerves not detected. Likewise, division of nerves was clearly correlated with presence of @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that identification and preservation of nerves during open @entity3 reduce chronic incapacitating @entity2 and that, in the majority of @entity0 with @entity6 at 6 months, the @entity2 at 1 year is resolved only with conservative or medical treatment.

title: Influence of preservation versus division of ilioinguinal, iliohypogastric, and genital nerves during open mesh herniorrhaphy: prospective multicentric study of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to clarify the morphologic characteristics and subsequent repair process of coagulation @entity1 produced by pulsed @entity2 laser irradiation with relatively low fluence, and thereby to evaluate the clinical efficacy of this irradiation mode. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wounding of @entity0 gingiva to produce coagulation @entity1 was done with a @entity2 laser with a fluence of 326 J/cm(2). The structural characteristics of the wound and subsequent repair process were examined by means of histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. RESULTS: At 6 hours after irradiation, the cells in the laser wound appeared histologically intact but had lost the immunoreactivity to antibodies against Hsp47 and exhibited various ultrastructural signs of cell death. This wound area was lined by @entity5 -positive cells. At 1-day post-irradiation, the uptake of @entity3 rapidly increased in the adjacent epithelium and connective tissue. The re-epithelization commenced at 1 day and was completed by 7 days. The @entity1 tissue gradually became integrated within the newly formed connective tissue and the original contour of the gingiva was retained during the repair process. The repair process of the laser-induced wound progressed more rapidly than that of a scalpel-made wound. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that the coagulation @entity1 produced by the low fluence pulsed @entity2 laser does not disturb the repair process but promotes its steady progress and subsequent tissue remodeling. This laser mode will pave the way for more conservative and minimally invasive surgery for treating a wide variety of @entity4 .

title: Remodeling of the @entity0 gingiva induced by XXXX laser coagulation mode.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to clarify the morphologic characteristics and subsequent repair process of coagulation @entity1 produced by pulsed @entity2 laser irradiation with relatively low fluence, and thereby to evaluate the clinical efficacy of this irradiation mode. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Wounding of @entity0 gingiva to produce coagulation @entity1 was done with a @entity2 laser with a fluence of 326 J/cm(2). The structural characteristics of the wound and subsequent repair process were examined by means of histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. RESULTS: At 6 hours after irradiation, the cells in the laser wound appeared histologically intact but had lost the immunoreactivity to antibodies against Hsp47 and exhibited various ultrastructural signs of cell death. This wound area was lined by @entity5 -positive cells. At 1-day post-irradiation, the uptake of @entity3 rapidly increased in the adjacent epithelium and connective tissue. The re-epithelization commenced at 1 day and was completed by 7 days. The @entity1 tissue gradually became integrated within the newly formed connective tissue and the original contour of the gingiva was retained during the repair process. The repair process of the laser-induced wound progressed more rapidly than that of a scalpel-made wound. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that the coagulation @entity1 produced by the low fluence pulsed @entity2 laser does not disturb the repair process but promotes its steady progress and subsequent tissue remodeling. This laser mode will pave the way for more conservative and minimally invasive surgery for treating a wide variety of @entity4 .

title: Remodeling of the XXXX gingiva induced by @entity2 laser coagulation mode.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: We have developed an exercise machine prototype for increasing exercise intensity by means of passively exercising lower limb muscles. The purpose of the present study was to compare the passive exercise intensity of our newly-developed machine with the intensities of different types of exercises. We also attempted to measure muscle activity to study how these forms of exercise affected individual parts of the body. METHODS: Subjects were 14 healthy @entity0 with the following demographics: age 30 years, height 171.5 cm, weight 68.3 kg. They performed 4 types of exercise: Passive weight-bearing lower limb exercise (PWLLE), Simulated @entity2 riding exercise (SHRE), Bicycle exercise, and Walking exercise, as described below at an interval of one week or longer. @entity1 uptake, blood pressure, heart rate, and electromyogram (EMG) were measured or recorded during exercise. At rest prior to exercise and immediately after the end of each exercise intensity, the oxygenated hemoglobin levels of the lower limb muscles were measured by near-infrared spectroscopy to calculate the rate of decline. This rate of decline was obtained immediately after exercise as well as at rest to calculate @entity1 consumption of the lower limb muscles as expressed as a ratio of a post-exercise rate of decline to a resting one. RESULTS: The heart rate and @entity1 uptake observed in PWLLE during maximal intensity were comparable to that of a 20-watt bicycle exercise or 2 km/hr walking exercise. Maximal intensity PWLLE was found to provoke muscle activity comparable to an 80-watt bicycle or 6 km/hr walking exercise. As was the case with the EMG results, during maximal intensity PWLLE, the rectus femoris muscle consumed @entity1 in amounts identical to that of an 80-watt bicycle or a 6 km/hr walking exercise. CONCLUSION: Passive weight-bearing lower limb exercise using our trial machine could provide approximately 3 MET of exercise and the thigh exhibited muscle activity equivalent to that of 80-watt bicycle or 6 km/hr walking exercise. Namely, given the same @entity1 uptake, PWLLE exceeded bicycle or walking exercise in muscle activity, thus PWLLE is believed to strengthen muscle power while reducing the load imposed on the cardiopulmonary system.

title: A study of passive weight-bearing lower limb exercise effects on local muscles and whole body oxidative metabolism: a comparison with simulated XXXX riding, bicycle, and walking exercise.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in adults is very rare, and surgical resection is the treatment of choice. We evaluated the clinical characteristics and feasibility and safety of video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) in adult @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: Retrospective analysis of nine consecutive adult @entity0 with @entity2 treated surgically between January 1995 and April 2006 at a single center. The clinical characteristics and surgical outcome were evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: The records of five @entity0 and four @entity0 were examined. The median age at diagnosis was 30.5 years (range 16-44 years). The most frequent symptoms were cough (n=4) and hemoptysis (n=2). Three @entity0 had recurrent @entity1 . Chest computed tomography (CT) was reviewed in all cases. The lesions were on the right side in six @entity0 and on the left in three. All @entity0 had lesions in a single lobe, except one @entity0 who had multi-lobar lesions. The @entity2 appeared as thin-walled multi-septated @entity3 in six @entity0 and as parenchymal consolidations in three @entity0 . Four @entity0 underwent VATS lobectomy and four underwent lobectomy through a conventional open thoracotomy. One @entity0 had open pneumonectomy. The median operating time (160 min in VATS lobectomy and 165 min in open lobectomy), median duration of chest tube drainage (4 days in VATS lobectomy and 6.5 days in open lobectomy), and postoperative complications (one @entity0 in each treatment group) were similar between the VATS and open lobectomy groups. The hospital stay was shorter in the VATS lobectomy group (median 5 days) than in the open lobectomy group (median 7.5 days). No postoperative or procedure-related mortality occurred. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 is rare in adults. @entity0 usually present with recurrent @entity1 and thin-walled multi-septated @entity3 . VATS is a feasible and safe technique to treat adult @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Clinical characteristics and feasibility of thoracoscopic approach for XXXX in adults.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To discuss the shortcomings of current staging systems and to suggest modifications according to new surgical methods and data. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective chart review. METHODS: The medical records of 36 @entity0 , all of whom underwent resection of juvenile @entity2 by external or endonasal approach between 1983 and 2002, were reviewed retrospectively. Follow-up period of @entity0 ranged from 3 to 7 years (mean, 4.5 years). @entity1 extent, sites and rate of persistent disease were analyzed and compared with the literature. RESULTS: Persistent or recurrent disease was found in 12 of the 36 @entity0 (33%). The primary @entity1 of these 12 cases invaded one or more anatomic region beside nasopharynx: the base of the pterygoid process in 9 cases (75%), the infratemporal fossa in 4 (33%), the pterygomaxillar fossa in 4 (33%), and the sphenoid sinus in 2 cases (17%). Involvement of the pterygoid process base was observed in only 3 of the 24 @entity0 without persistent disease, whereas it was found 10 out of 12 @entity0 with persistent disease. CONCLUSIONS: Advances in radiographic imaging, embolization, and surgical methods of treating @entity2 have changed the sites associated with a high risk for persistent disease or morbidity. These changes have made it necessary for the authors to devise more appropriate classifications and, subsequently, several new staging systems were gradually introduced. Recent technological advances, particularly angled endoscopes, have resulted in improved exposure. In the light of all these recent advances, data from our series, and the literature, we suggested a new classification for determining the risk of persistent disease, choosing the appropriate surgical method, and for maintaining uniformity.

title: Juvenile XXXX : a revised staging system.

answer: @entity2


abstract: According to the American Association for the Study of @entity3 guidelines, percutaneous @entity4 injection ( @entity5 ) is a safe and highly effective treatment for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and should be the standard against which any new therapy is compared. The primary purpose of this study was to identify survival benefit of any percutaneous ablation therapy as compared with @entity5 in the treatment of @entity0 with unresectable @entity2 . The secondary endpoints were @entity1 response, local @entity1 progression, and complications. Randomized controlled trials that compared pecutaneous ablative therapies with @entity5 were included. MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, CANCERLIT, and manual search from 1978 to July 2008 were used. To control the potential heterogeneity, the random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird was used for a meta-analysis. Egger's test was performed to test a potential publication bias. We identified seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs), but only four RCTs including 652 @entity0 that compared radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with @entity5 met the inclusion criteria to perform a meta-analysis assessing 3-year survival. A meta-analysis of the four RCTs demonstrated a significant improvement in 3-year survival favoring RFA over @entity5 (odds ratio 0.477, 95% confidence interval 0.340-0.670; P < 0.001). Heterogeneity among the four trials was not significant (Q = 4.586; P= 0.205). Egger's test revealed that the publication bias was not significant (P = 0.647). However, the number of @entity0 included in the analysis was insufficient for a robust meta-analysis of @entity1 response. The @entity1 progression or major complication was not unified among the trials included in the meta-analysis. CONCLUSION: RFA demonstrated significantly improved 3-year survival status for @entity0 with @entity2 , when compared to @entity5 .

title: Systematic review of randomized trials for XXXX treated with percutaneous ablation therapies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Posterior nose @entity1 is a frequent and challenging emergency. The authors report their experience using hot water irrigation as a non-invasive treatment option for @entity2 . Between January 2003 and January 2005 a group of 103 @entity0 were enrolled in this prospective study evaluating the effectiveness of a "hot water irrigation" technique to control acute posterior nose @entity1 . All @entity0 with @entity2 were included, whereas @entity2 was controlled using conventional methods. The @entity0 's nose was initially anaesthetized with topical Tetracain 4% (without vasoconstriction) and a modified @entity2 was introduced into the @entity1 nasal cavity obstructing the choana. The @entity1 nasal cavity was continuously irrigated using 500 ml of 50 degrees C hot water. In a total of 84 @entity0 (82%) the @entity1 was successfully and permanently stopped. Forty-seven of these @entity0 (56%) regularly took antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants. The method failed in 19 of 103 @entity0 (18%). In the group with unsuccessful irrigation, 11 @entity0 (58%) were receiving treatment with antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants. Their proportion was not different from the successfully treated group. The success rate of hot water irrigation as non-invasive treatment of @entity2 appears at least as effective as conventional methods. However it avoids painful packing, hospitalizations, or immediate surgery, and allows the @entity0 to breath normally through his open nasal cavities.

title: Non-invasive treatment of intractable XXXX with hot-water irrigation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of cervical laminectomy with posterior lateral mass fusion/fixation in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHOD: Twenty-five @entity0 treated for @entity4 by laminectomy and lateral mass fusion at the Division of Neurosurgery at The Ohio State University between 1989 and 1994 were studied retrospectively. Only @entity0 with longer than 2-year postoperative follow-up durations were included. At follow-up examination, each @entity0 completed an SF36 questionnaire, underwent a physical examination, underwent plain radiography showing the spinal curvature with plate and screw position, and underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine, which evaluated dural sac decompression and @entity2 . @entity0 -generated data were used for outcome measurements. RESULTS: The mean follow-up duration was 47.5 months. Good outcome was defined by the presence of three criteria: ability to walk unassisted (Grade IIIA or better), ability to write unassisted, and ability to manage buttons and/or zippers unassisted. The inability to meet these criteria was defined as a poor outcome. Two @entity0 (8%) experienced complications that resulted from the surgery. There was no instability or progression to significant @entity3 . Lesions that were hyperintense on magnetic resonance images did not correlate with outcome. Eighty percent of the @entity0 achieved good outcomes, and 76% had improved @entity2 scores. None of the @entity0 had late @entity1 . @entity0 with better neurological statuses at the time of surgery (Grade IIIA or better) were more likely to improve (P < 0.0001); the likelihood of a change in status for those starting with poorer grades (IIIB or worse) was not statistically significant (P < 0.08). CONCLUSION: Cervical laminectomy with posterior fusion/fixation proved useful in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity4 with straight or lordotic spines and multilevel compression. This therapy addresses the dynamic and compressive forces that are important in the pathogenesis of @entity4 , resulting in minimal complications and possible improvement in long-term outcomes.

title: Cervical spondylotic XXXX : functional and radiographic long-term outcome after laminectomy and posterior fusion.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: @entity1 can lead to @entity3 and can be complicated by @entity5 . We present a case report of a @entity0 who underwent endovascular recanalization and stenting of a thrombosed occipital sinus. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 13-year-old @entity0 with a history of chronic @entity1 refractory to anticoagulant therapy presented with acute onset of @entity8 and @entity6 . Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed @entity7 and @entity9 . Angiography delineated multiple dural arteriovenous fistulae and persistent occlusion of the posterior sagittal, occipital, and bilateral transverse dural sinuses with retrograde cortical venous drainage. INTERVENTION: After embolization of the dural arteriovenous fistulae, a transvenous approach was used to recanalize and perform balloon angioplasty of the right internal jugular vein and the occipital and left transverse sinuses, resulting in subsequent clinical improvement. The @entity0 's condition deteriorated 3 days later with reocclusion of both balloon-dilated sinuses. Repeat angioplasty and then deployment of an endovascular stent in the occipital sinus were performed, and reestablishment of venous outflow was achieved, resulting in a decrease of intracranial venous pressure from 41 to 14 mm Hg and neurological improvement. At the 3-month follow-up examination, the stented occipital sinus remained patent and served as the only conduit for extracranial venous outflow; the @entity0 remained neurologically intact at the 12-month follow-up examination. CONCLUSION: This is the first report of mechanical recanalization, balloon angioplasty, and stent deployment in the occipital sinus to provide sustained venous outflow for the treatment of @entity2 with retrograde cortical venous drainage in a @entity0 with dural pansinus @entity4 refractory to anticoagulant therapy.

title: Endovascular recanalization with balloon angioplasty and stenting of an occluded occipital sinus for treatment of XXXX : technical case report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Foot ulcers are a significant @entity1 and often precede lower extremity amputation. The most frequent underlying etiologies are @entity2 , @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity10 . Loss of protective sensation is the primary factor in foot ulceration in diabetics. Mechanical stresses resulting from @entity4 , @entity9 , and poor foot care/footwear are important in the causal pathway of both @entity3 . It was shown that the recurrence of @entity7 was common among Indian @entity1 @entity0 (52%). A lesser prevalence of @entity8 (13%) among Indians was noted when compared with those in Western countries (48%). Smoking increases the risk by reducing blood circulation in the legs and reducing sensation in the feet. Prompt and aggressive treatment of @entity11 can often prevent exacerbation of the problem and eliminate the potential for amputation. The aim of the therapy should be early intervention to allow prompt healing of the lesion and prevent recurrence once it is healed. Multidisciplinary management programs that focus on prevention, education, regular foot examinations, aggressive intervention, and optimal use of therapeutic footwear have demonstrated significant reductions in the history of lower extremity amputations.

title: The XXXX foot: perspectives from Chennai, South India.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze @entity0 characteristics and correlate between the site and severity of the @entity1 and ocular and/or @entity3 association in a cohort of @entity0 with @entity8 . DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: Medical records of 100 @entity0 with @entity8 were reviewed. Data were analyzed using a customized database software. RESULTS: The age range at presentation was 18 to 76 years (mean, 43; median, 44). Sixty-nine percent of the @entity0 were female. Thirty-two (32%) @entity0 had bilateral involvement. The @entity8 was nodular in 23 eyes (16%). Half of the @entity0 had a concurrent @entity6 . @entity3 was found in 36 @entity0 (36%). In two @entity0 , @entity8 preceded a systemic @entity2 ( @entity7 and @entity9 ). Ocular complications included @entity5 (11.4%), corneal involvement (15%), and @entity4 (7.8%). No significant correlation of the site and severity of @entity1 to the presence of associated @entity6 was found. The mean follow-up was 16.5 months. Twenty-eight @entity0 experienced recurrence of @entity8 during the follow-up. Half of the @entity0 required treatment with oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 is usually a benign, self-limited disease, but it should not be trivialized since it may be associated with @entity2 . A careful review of systems should be performed in all @entity0 presenting with @entity8 , and this should be repeated at least annually during the follow-up. A thorough eye examination is obviously essential to detect and treat @entity6 .

title: Severity of @entity8 and XXXX association.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze @entity0 characteristics and correlate between the site and severity of the @entity1 and ocular and/or @entity3 association in a cohort of @entity0 with @entity8 . DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: Medical records of 100 @entity0 with @entity8 were reviewed. Data were analyzed using a customized database software. RESULTS: The age range at presentation was 18 to 76 years (mean, 43; median, 44). Sixty-nine percent of the @entity0 were female. Thirty-two (32%) @entity0 had bilateral involvement. The @entity8 was nodular in 23 eyes (16%). Half of the @entity0 had a concurrent @entity6 . @entity3 was found in 36 @entity0 (36%). In two @entity0 , @entity8 preceded a systemic @entity2 ( @entity7 and @entity9 ). Ocular complications included @entity5 (11.4%), corneal involvement (15%), and @entity4 (7.8%). No significant correlation of the site and severity of @entity1 to the presence of associated @entity6 was found. The mean follow-up was 16.5 months. Twenty-eight @entity0 experienced recurrence of @entity8 during the follow-up. Half of the @entity0 required treatment with oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 is usually a benign, self-limited disease, but it should not be trivialized since it may be associated with @entity2 . A careful review of systems should be performed in all @entity0 presenting with @entity8 , and this should be repeated at least annually during the follow-up. A thorough eye examination is obviously essential to detect and treat @entity6 .

title: Severity of XXXX and @entity3 association.

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the frequency of @entity5 (CNS) from @entity2 and to evaluate whether CNS prophylaxis is appropriate for these @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Seventy-one @entity0 with biopsy-confirmed @entity2 were evaluated between 1989 and 1995. The @entity2 were subclassified histopathologically according to the new Revised @entity2 (REAL) criteria. Molecular genetic analysis of @entity1 cell DNA was done by Southern blot. @entity0 had a complete ophthalmologic evaluation and metastatic work-up and were then routinely followed up by an ophthalmologist and a medical oncologist. RESULTS: The 34 @entity0 and 37 @entity0 studied had a median age of 67 years (23 to 92). Ocular @entity2 were situated in the orbit in 54 @entity0 , in the conjunctiva in 14 @entity0 , and in the eyelid in 3 @entity0 . Bilateral involvement occurred in 11 @entity0 . The most common histologic diagnoses were (54 @entity0 , 76%) extra-nodal marginal @entity2 and @entity3 in 10 @entity0 (14%). Molecular genetic analysis performed in all @entity0 confirmed a monoclonal B-cell population in 55 @entity0 (77%), including a single rearrangement of the immunoglobulin heavy chain gene in 14 @entity0 , and more than two rearrangements in 41 @entity0 . No @entity0 had isolated T-cell gene rearrangements. @entity2 was diagnosed in 43 @entity0 (61%), 17 @entity0 (24%) were found to have concurrent @entity2 on metastatic work-up and 11 @entity0 (15%) had a previous diagnosis of @entity2 before the onset of their @entity1 . The median duration of follow-up was 20 months. Overall, 32 @entity0 (45%) had @entity1 , which remained localized to the orbit adnexa. Eleven @entity0 (15%) relapsed, but none had eye or central nervous system involvement nor required CNS-directed therapy. Although eight @entity0 died, only two died as a direct result of @entity2 . No @entity0 received CNS prophylaxis with either intrathecal chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. CONCLUSION: Ocular @entity2 are rare non-Hodgkin's @entity4 . Metastatic involvement of the eye or central nervous system is rare and CNS prophylaxis with radiotherapy or chemotherapy is unnecessary.

title: Is central nervous system prophylaxis necessary in ocular XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity3 species @entity5 has been described as a contaminant of surface waters of anthropogenic origin. Here, we undertake to identify the most sensitive biological receptor among several sentinel aquatic species used in eco-toxicological assessment and to understand @entity0 in terms of internal dose. Therefore, a screening of short-term effects using different aquatic organisms (bacterium @entity4 , fish @entity2 , crustacean Daphnia magna and green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus and Scenedesmus vacuolatus) was conducted. For most organisms tested, effects were not detectable even at very high @entity5 concentrations (up to 9.6mM) and thus the ecotoxic potential was found to be low in comparison to other @entity3 compounds. The only organisms showing a clear response were the unicellular green alga, e.g. S. vacuolatus with an EC(50) value of 1.12 mM (84 mg L(-1) As). A linear relationship between ambient and internal concentration was found for this organism with a slope of 1.63 x 10(-3). Therefore, the internal concentration which shows a significant effect, e.g. 20% of inhibition of reproduction, was found to occur at a relatively low internal dose of 0.98 microM. Moreover, no biotransformation products inside the algae could be detected using @entity3 speciation analysis with @entity1 , thus biological effects must be attributed to the untransformed compound. We conclude that the very low uptake observed for @entity5 may be interpreted as preventive against toxic effects for the organisms.

title: Uptake and XXXX of @entity5 in aquatic organisms.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity3 species @entity5 has been described as a contaminant of surface waters of anthropogenic origin. Here, we undertake to identify the most sensitive biological receptor among several sentinel aquatic species used in eco-toxicological assessment and to understand @entity0 in terms of internal dose. Therefore, a screening of short-term effects using different aquatic organisms (bacterium @entity4 , fish @entity2 , crustacean Daphnia magna and green alga Desmodesmus subspicatus and Scenedesmus vacuolatus) was conducted. For most organisms tested, effects were not detectable even at very high @entity5 concentrations (up to 9.6mM) and thus the ecotoxic potential was found to be low in comparison to other @entity3 compounds. The only organisms showing a clear response were the unicellular green alga, e.g. S. vacuolatus with an EC(50) value of 1.12 mM (84 mg L(-1) As). A linear relationship between ambient and internal concentration was found for this organism with a slope of 1.63 x 10(-3). Therefore, the internal concentration which shows a significant effect, e.g. 20% of inhibition of reproduction, was found to occur at a relatively low internal dose of 0.98 microM. Moreover, no biotransformation products inside the algae could be detected using @entity3 speciation analysis with @entity1 , thus biological effects must be attributed to the untransformed compound. We conclude that the very low uptake observed for @entity5 may be interpreted as preventive against toxic effects for the organisms.

title: Uptake and @entity0 of XXXX in aquatic organisms.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Infection by @entity6 ) is associated with the development of @entity3 and may cause severe @entity1 in infected fetuses. Platelet-derived growth factor receptors alpha and beta ( @entity7 ) control important cellular processes associated with @entity4 and fetal development. In the present investigation, our goal was to determine whether infection by HCMV can influence the expression of @entity7 in @entity0 smooth muscle cells (SMCs). In connection with HCMV infection in vitro the levels of @entity7 at the cell surface and in the total cellular protein of SMCs were reduced in parallel with decreases in the levels of the corresponding mRNAs. These effects were dependent on immediate-early (IE) or early (E) HCMV gene products, since inhibition of late genes did not prevent HCMV from affecting the expression of @entity7 . The downregulation of @entity5 caused by HCMV was dose dependent. Furthermore, confocal microscopy revealed that the localization of @entity5 was altered in HCMV-infected cells, in which this protein colocalized with proteins associated with endosomes ( @entity9 ) and lysosomes ( @entity8 ), indicating entrance into pathways for protein degradation. Altogether these observations indicate that an IE and/or E HCMV protein(s) downregulates the expression of @entity7 in SMCs. This phenomenon may disrupt cellular processes of importance in connection with cellular differentiation, migration, and/or proliferation. These observations may explain why @entity2 with HCMV can cause fetal @entity1 .

title: XXXX downregulates expression of receptors for platelet-derived growth factor by smooth muscle cells.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the psychological wellbeing of sole mothers in Australia. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analyses of survey data from The Australian Longitudinal Study on @entity0 's Health. @entity0 : 9689 younger @entity0 (aged 22-27 years) surveyed in 2000 and 12 338 mid-age @entity0 (aged 47-52 years) surveyed in 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic characteristics and economic status; prevalence of suicidal thoughts, self-harm, and psychoactive medication use; @entity1 (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and @entity2 (the Mental Health Component Score of the Medical Outcome Short Form Health Survey [SF-36]). RESULTS: Among the younger @entity0 , sole mothers were more likely than other @entity0 to have experienced suicidal thoughts (odds ratio [OR], 2.18; 95% CI, 1.45-3.27) and self-harm (OR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.97-5.38). Among the younger and mid-age @entity0 , sole mothers were the group most likely to have used medication for @entity1 (ORs, 2.75 [95% CI, 1.76-4.30] and 2.29 [95% CI, 1.56-3.37], respectively). They were more than twice as likely to have experienced @entity1 , and had significantly poorer @entity2 (P < 0.001). After adjusting for economic status, only @entity1 and @entity2 remained significantly associated with sole motherhood, and the strength of these relationships was reduced. CONCLUSIONS: Economic status partly accounts for the relatively poorer @entity2 of sole mothers. Sole mothers are more likely than other @entity0 to experience debilitating @entity2 .

title: The XXXX of sole mothers in Australia.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation of a nurse-led preoperative @entity2 assessment and postoperative care clinic and to assess the safety, efficacy and outcomes. DESIGN, SETTING AND @entity0 : A prospective study involving 185 public @entity0 (221 eyes) referred to the Department of Ophthalmology at Flinders Medical Centre for @entity2 surgery. The study was conducted between February 2003 and August 2004. INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 were assessed in the nurse-led preoperative assessment clinic. Those deemed suitable for @entity2 surgery were also assessed by an ophthalmologist and underwent @entity2 surgery if appropriate. The nurse managed postoperative care. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Concordance between nurse practitioner and ophthalmologist assessments; waiting times for first clinic appointment and surgery; visual acuity and degree of @entity1 ; @entity0 satisfaction. RESULTS: 114 @entity0 (61.6%) were assigned to see the ophthalmologist for @entity2 surgery. Median waiting times fell from 115 days (range, 23-268 days) to 21 days (range, 9-43 days) for initial clinic appointment, and from 44 days (range, 5-148 days) to 29 days (range, 14-154 days) for surgery. All 114 @entity0 were listed for @entity2 surgery, and surgery had been performed on 121 eyes by the end of the study. After surgery, visual acuity improved by a mean of 0.45 logMAR (logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution) (SD, 0.24; range, 0.08-1.32). All @entity0 had improved visual ability and high levels of satisfaction. Three quality assurance evaluations demonstrated full concordance between nurse and ophthalmologist assessments. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a nurse-led @entity2 assessment clinic improved access to care for public @entity0 with @entity2 . The safety and efficacy of the program and its excellent visual and @entity0 -centred outcomes commend its adaptation and implementation to other ophthalmology departments.

title: The efficacy of a nurse-led preoperative XXXX assessment and postoperative care clinic.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Clinical acoustic voice-recording analysis is usually performed using classical perturbation measures, including jitter, shimmer, and noise-to-harmonic ratios (NHRs). However, restrictive mathematical limitations of these measures prevent analysis for severely @entity2 . Previous studies of alternative nonlinear random measures addressed wide varieties of vocal pathologies. Here, we analyze a single vocal pathology cohort, testing the performance of these alternative measures alongside classical measures. We present voice analysis pre- and postoperatively in 17 @entity0 with unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). The @entity0 underwent standard medialization thyroplasty surgery, and the voices were analyzed using jitter, shimmer, NHR, nonlinear recurrence period density entropy (RPDE), detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA), and correlation dimension. In addition, we similarly analyzed 11 healthy controls. Systematizing the preanalysis editing of the recordings, we found that the novel measures were more stable and, hence, reliable than the classical measures on healthy controls. RPDE and jitter are sensitive to improvements pre- to postoperation. Shimmer, NHR, and @entity4 showed no significant change (P>0.05). All measures detect statistically significant and clinically important differences between controls and @entity0 , both treated and untreated (P<0.001, area under curve [AUC]>0.7). Pre- to postoperation grade, roughness, breathiness, @entity1 , and strain (GRBAS) ratings show statistically significant and clinically important improvement in overall @entity3 grade (G) (AUC=0.946, P<0.001). Recalculating AUCs from other study data, we compare these results in terms of clinical importance. We conclude that, when preanalysis editing is systematized, nonlinear random measures may be useful for monitoring UVFP-treatment effectiveness, and there may be applications to other forms of @entity3 .

title: Objective XXXX quantification in vocal fold paralysis: comparing nonlinear with classical measures.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Xenon-CT is a quantitive technique for estimating cerebral blood flow. To investigate whether penumbra exists around @entity3 , regional cerebral blood flow (ICBF) was measured by Xenon-CT in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: Xenon-CT was performed on 15 @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity3 volume < 50 mL. rCBF was measured within 36 h of onset and an average of 13 days later by 27-pixel rings in perihematomal area and its enantiomorph in contralateral hemisphere. Penumbra was defined as rCBF 8-20 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity2 ). RESULTS: Average @entity4 volume was 13 +/- 7 mL (6.4-23.7 mL). First rCBF examination was conducted at 21.7 +/- 9.4 h (5-37 h), second rCBF examination was conducted at 13.4 +/- 1.8 days (11-18 days) after onset. Within 36h of onset, mean perihematomal rCBF was 28.4 +/- 7.8 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity2 ); contralateral region was 34.2 +/- 12.2 mL x 100 g(-l) x @entity2 ) (p = 0.11). Average 13 days after onset, mean rCBF close to @entity3 was 19.4 +/- 8.1 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity2 ); rCBF in contralateral region was 40.1 +/- 11.3 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity2 ) (p < 0.0001). rCBF in distal perihematomal region was 27.8 +/- 9.5 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity2 ); the difference was significant compared to contralateral region (p = 0.0003). One @entity0 's rCBF in area of @entity1 around @entity3 was less than 20 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity2 ) at first examination. At second examination, 6 @entity0 had same occurrence in region adjacent to @entity3 and 2 @entity0 experienced it in distal perihematomal region. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced perihematomal rCBF was shown after @entity4 ; this phenomenon lasted at least 14 days. A number of @entity4 @entity0 experienced penumbra around @entity3 .

title: Xenon-CT study of regional cerebral blood flow around XXXX in @entity0 with @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Xenon-CT is a quantitive technique for estimating cerebral blood flow. To investigate whether penumbra exists around @entity3 , regional cerebral blood flow (ICBF) was measured by Xenon-CT in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: Xenon-CT was performed on 15 @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity3 volume < 50 mL. rCBF was measured within 36 h of onset and an average of 13 days later by 27-pixel rings in perihematomal area and its enantiomorph in contralateral hemisphere. Penumbra was defined as rCBF 8-20 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity2 ). RESULTS: Average @entity4 volume was 13 +/- 7 mL (6.4-23.7 mL). First rCBF examination was conducted at 21.7 +/- 9.4 h (5-37 h), second rCBF examination was conducted at 13.4 +/- 1.8 days (11-18 days) after onset. Within 36h of onset, mean perihematomal rCBF was 28.4 +/- 7.8 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity2 ); contralateral region was 34.2 +/- 12.2 mL x 100 g(-l) x @entity2 ) (p = 0.11). Average 13 days after onset, mean rCBF close to @entity3 was 19.4 +/- 8.1 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity2 ); rCBF in contralateral region was 40.1 +/- 11.3 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity2 ) (p < 0.0001). rCBF in distal perihematomal region was 27.8 +/- 9.5 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity2 ); the difference was significant compared to contralateral region (p = 0.0003). One @entity0 's rCBF in area of @entity1 around @entity3 was less than 20 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity2 ) at first examination. At second examination, 6 @entity0 had same occurrence in region adjacent to @entity3 and 2 @entity0 experienced it in distal perihematomal region. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced perihematomal rCBF was shown after @entity4 ; this phenomenon lasted at least 14 days. A number of @entity4 @entity0 experienced penumbra around @entity3 .

title: Xenon-CT study of regional cerebral blood flow around @entity3 in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Xenon-CT is a quantitive technique for estimating cerebral blood flow. To investigate whether penumbra exists around @entity3 , regional cerebral blood flow (ICBF) was measured by Xenon-CT in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: Xenon-CT was performed on 15 @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity3 volume < 50 mL. rCBF was measured within 36 h of onset and an average of 13 days later by 27-pixel rings in perihematomal area and its enantiomorph in contralateral hemisphere. Penumbra was defined as rCBF 8-20 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity2 ). RESULTS: Average @entity4 volume was 13 +/- 7 mL (6.4-23.7 mL). First rCBF examination was conducted at 21.7 +/- 9.4 h (5-37 h), second rCBF examination was conducted at 13.4 +/- 1.8 days (11-18 days) after onset. Within 36h of onset, mean perihematomal rCBF was 28.4 +/- 7.8 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity2 ); contralateral region was 34.2 +/- 12.2 mL x 100 g(-l) x @entity2 ) (p = 0.11). Average 13 days after onset, mean rCBF close to @entity3 was 19.4 +/- 8.1 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity2 ); rCBF in contralateral region was 40.1 +/- 11.3 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity2 ) (p < 0.0001). rCBF in distal perihematomal region was 27.8 +/- 9.5 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity2 ); the difference was significant compared to contralateral region (p = 0.0003). One @entity0 's rCBF in area of @entity1 around @entity3 was less than 20 mL x 100 g(-1) x @entity2 ) at first examination. At second examination, 6 @entity0 had same occurrence in region adjacent to @entity3 and 2 @entity0 experienced it in distal perihematomal region. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced perihematomal rCBF was shown after @entity4 ; this phenomenon lasted at least 14 days. A number of @entity4 @entity0 experienced penumbra around @entity3 .

title: Xenon-CT study of regional cerebral blood flow around @entity3 in XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of visual inspection with @entity1 (VIA) as a screening test for early @entity2 in the Dakahlia Governorate in Egypt. METHODS: Diluted @entity1 (5%) was applied to the cervix during routine gynecologic examination. @entity0 with positive results were referred for colposcopy. Those with negative results were referred for colposcopy only when they had clinical indications. RESULTS: Among the 5,000 @entity0 who were screened using VIA, 409 were referred for colposcopy. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was diagnosed in 151 (60%) of the 253 @entity0 with positive screening results and in 4 of the 156 @entity0 with negative screening results. There were 39 @entity0 with high-grade and 116 with @entity3 . The sensitivity and negative predictive value of the VIA screening test was 97%. Its positive predictive value was 60% for all grades of @entity3 and 90% for high-grade @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Visual inspection with @entity1 , although associated with a relatively high rate of false-positive results, is a valuable test for the screening of @entity2 .

title: Screening for XXXX using visual inspection with @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the performance of visual inspection with @entity1 (VIA) as a screening test for early @entity2 in the Dakahlia Governorate in Egypt. METHODS: Diluted @entity1 (5%) was applied to the cervix during routine gynecologic examination. @entity0 with positive results were referred for colposcopy. Those with negative results were referred for colposcopy only when they had clinical indications. RESULTS: Among the 5,000 @entity0 who were screened using VIA, 409 were referred for colposcopy. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was diagnosed in 151 (60%) of the 253 @entity0 with positive screening results and in 4 of the 156 @entity0 with negative screening results. There were 39 @entity0 with high-grade and 116 with @entity3 . The sensitivity and negative predictive value of the VIA screening test was 97%. Its positive predictive value was 60% for all grades of @entity3 and 90% for high-grade @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Visual inspection with @entity1 , although associated with a relatively high rate of false-positive results, is a valuable test for the screening of @entity2 .

title: Screening for @entity2 using visual inspection with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 and @entity4 are proinflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of many infectious and noninfectious inflammatory diseases. To reduce @entity6 @entity1 , extracellular domains of the soluble (s) IL-1R are shed from cell membranes and prevent triggering of cell-bound receptors. We investigated to what extent @entity0 sIL-1RI can neutralize the @entity6 produced by @entity2 -stimulated macrophages. When @entity0 peritoneal macrophages were incubated with @entity2 , addition of sIL-1RI significantly inhibited the bioactivity of @entity6 . Stimulation of cells with sIL-1RI alone induced no bioactive @entity6 . When immunoreactive cytokine concentrations were measured with specific radioimmunoassays, sIL-1RI alone appeared to induce a significant release of @entity3 in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was independent of new protein synthesis. The production of @entity4 or @entity5 was not influenced by sIL-1RI. There was no interference of sIL-1RI with the @entity3 radioimmunoassay. In @entity0 , an i.v. injection of sIL-RI alone induced a rapid release of @entity3 , but not of @entity5 or @entity4 . Treatment of @entity0 with sIL-1RI improved the survival during a lethal infection with @entity7 . In conclusion, sIL-1RI induces a rapid release of @entity3 from cells, as well as into the systemic circulation. Although this @entity3 may be inactivated in circulation by the same sIL-1RI, this phenomenon probably has immunostimulatory effects at local levels where the sIL-1RI-induced @entity3 acts in a paracrine or autocrine manner.

title: Soluble @entity0 @entity6 receptor type I induces release of constitutive XXXX alpha.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity3 and @entity4 are proinflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of many infectious and noninfectious inflammatory diseases. To reduce @entity6 @entity1 , extracellular domains of the soluble (s) IL-1R are shed from cell membranes and prevent triggering of cell-bound receptors. We investigated to what extent @entity0 sIL-1RI can neutralize the @entity6 produced by @entity2 -stimulated macrophages. When @entity0 peritoneal macrophages were incubated with @entity2 , addition of sIL-1RI significantly inhibited the bioactivity of @entity6 . Stimulation of cells with sIL-1RI alone induced no bioactive @entity6 . When immunoreactive cytokine concentrations were measured with specific radioimmunoassays, sIL-1RI alone appeared to induce a significant release of @entity3 in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was independent of new protein synthesis. The production of @entity4 or @entity5 was not influenced by sIL-1RI. There was no interference of sIL-1RI with the @entity3 radioimmunoassay. In @entity0 , an i.v. injection of sIL-RI alone induced a rapid release of @entity3 , but not of @entity5 or @entity4 . Treatment of @entity0 with sIL-1RI improved the survival during a lethal infection with @entity7 . In conclusion, sIL-1RI induces a rapid release of @entity3 from cells, as well as into the systemic circulation. Although this @entity3 may be inactivated in circulation by the same sIL-1RI, this phenomenon probably has immunostimulatory effects at local levels where the sIL-1RI-induced @entity3 acts in a paracrine or autocrine manner.

title: Soluble @entity0 XXXX receptor type I induces release of constitutive @entity6 alpha.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity3 and @entity4 are proinflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of many infectious and noninfectious inflammatory diseases. To reduce @entity6 @entity1 , extracellular domains of the soluble (s) IL-1R are shed from cell membranes and prevent triggering of cell-bound receptors. We investigated to what extent @entity0 sIL-1RI can neutralize the @entity6 produced by @entity2 -stimulated macrophages. When @entity0 peritoneal macrophages were incubated with @entity2 , addition of sIL-1RI significantly inhibited the bioactivity of @entity6 . Stimulation of cells with sIL-1RI alone induced no bioactive @entity6 . When immunoreactive cytokine concentrations were measured with specific radioimmunoassays, sIL-1RI alone appeared to induce a significant release of @entity3 in a concentration-dependent manner. This effect was independent of new protein synthesis. The production of @entity4 or @entity5 was not influenced by sIL-1RI. There was no interference of sIL-1RI with the @entity3 radioimmunoassay. In @entity0 , an i.v. injection of sIL-RI alone induced a rapid release of @entity3 , but not of @entity5 or @entity4 . Treatment of @entity0 with sIL-1RI improved the survival during a lethal infection with @entity7 . In conclusion, sIL-1RI induces a rapid release of @entity3 from cells, as well as into the systemic circulation. Although this @entity3 may be inactivated in circulation by the same sIL-1RI, this phenomenon probably has immunostimulatory effects at local levels where the sIL-1RI-induced @entity3 acts in a paracrine or autocrine manner.

title: Soluble XXXX @entity6 receptor type I induces release of constitutive @entity6 alpha.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Pretreatment @entity4 (PSA) dynamics (PSA velocity and PSA doubling time) are widely advocated as useful prognostic markers in @entity3 . We aimed to assess the published evidence for the clinical utility of PSA dynamics in this population. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of studies published before March 2007 in which a PSA dynamic (velocity or doubling time) was calculated in @entity0 before definitive treatment, a subsequent event (such as biopsy or recurrence) was ascertained, and the association between the two was analyzed. Our principal end point was the type of analysis reported, particularly whether the predictive accuracy of a statistical model that included both absolute PSA level and a PSA dynamic was compared with that of a model that included only PSA. RESULTS: Eighty-seven articles were eligible for analysis. The most common end points were biopsy (42 articles), and either recurrence (14 articles) or @entity1 or death (14 articles) after definitive therapy. Although PSA dynamics were generally found to be associated with outcome, only one article compared predictive accuracy of models with and without a PSA dynamic: this reported that PSA velocity improved prediction slightly (from 0.81 to 0.83), but was subject to verification bias. No article used decision analytic methods to examine the clinical impact of PSA dynamics. CONCLUSION: There is little evidence that calculation of PSA velocity or doubling time in untreated @entity0 provides predictive information beyond that provided by absolute PSA level alone. We see no justification for the use of PSA dynamics in clinical decision making before treatment in @entity2 .

title: Systematic review of pretreatment XXXX velocity and doubling time as predictors for @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Pretreatment @entity4 (PSA) dynamics (PSA velocity and PSA doubling time) are widely advocated as useful prognostic markers in @entity3 . We aimed to assess the published evidence for the clinical utility of PSA dynamics in this population. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of studies published before March 2007 in which a PSA dynamic (velocity or doubling time) was calculated in @entity0 before definitive treatment, a subsequent event (such as biopsy or recurrence) was ascertained, and the association between the two was analyzed. Our principal end point was the type of analysis reported, particularly whether the predictive accuracy of a statistical model that included both absolute PSA level and a PSA dynamic was compared with that of a model that included only PSA. RESULTS: Eighty-seven articles were eligible for analysis. The most common end points were biopsy (42 articles), and either recurrence (14 articles) or @entity1 or death (14 articles) after definitive therapy. Although PSA dynamics were generally found to be associated with outcome, only one article compared predictive accuracy of models with and without a PSA dynamic: this reported that PSA velocity improved prediction slightly (from 0.81 to 0.83), but was subject to verification bias. No article used decision analytic methods to examine the clinical impact of PSA dynamics. CONCLUSION: There is little evidence that calculation of PSA velocity or doubling time in untreated @entity0 provides predictive information beyond that provided by absolute PSA level alone. We see no justification for the use of PSA dynamics in clinical decision making before treatment in @entity2 .

title: Systematic review of pretreatment @entity4 velocity and doubling time as predictors for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the preoperative results of multifocal electroretinography (mfERG) in the fellow eyes of @entity0 with idiopathic unilateral macular hole and to evaluate the usefulness of this method in predicting the likelihood of macular hole formation in the fellow eye. METHODS: Over a period of 5 years, 80 eyes of 40 @entity0 (mean age, 64.9 years) with unilateral @entity1 were examined. The diagnosis of @entity1 was confirmed by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The fellow eyes were intact in all cases. All @entity0 underwent vitreoretinal surgery. Before the surgery, both eyes of the @entity0 were examined by mfERG. During the follow-up period, the 40 fellow eyes were also observed by OCT, and the changes in the vitreofoveal attachment were investigated. The preoperative response densities and ring ratios of mfERG were analyzed in both eyes, and discriminant analysis was used to calculate the best separator function. RESULTS: Preoperative mfERGs demonstrated significantly lower mean response densities in the central area of the 40 eyes with macular hole than in the fellow eyes. During the follow-up period, macular hole was diagnosed in 13 fellow eyes by OCT. The preoperative values of the mfERGs in these eyes were significantly lower than in the other 27 cases. The mfERG ring ratios were significantly lower in the fellow eyes in which macular holes developed than in those that remained intact. CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of ERG in the fellow eyes of @entity0 with macular hole seems clinically useful. The lower amplitude may forecast the propensity for subsequent development of a macular hole. @entity0 with low central ERG amplitude and lower ring ratios in the healthy fellow eyes should have stricter follow-up.

title: Role of multifocal electroretinography in the diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 containing @entity7 -positive neural proliferations in the lamina propria that lack ganglion cells have been variously referred to as " @entity8 " or " @entity9 ." However, these lesions have not been systematically examined, and whether they are associated with type 1 @entity11 ( @entity5 ) or other @entity2 is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical features of these lesions, in comparison to @entity1 from known @entity5 @entity0 . Morphologically similar lesions from 26 @entity0 (mean age, 62 y; range, 46 to 88 y; male/female ratio, 10/16) were retrieved from surgical pathology and consult files. Clinical and endoscopic data were obtained, and immunohistochemistry for @entity7 protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neurofilament protein (NFP), epithelial membrane antigen, @entity10 , @entity6 , smooth muscle actin, and KIT was performed. The findings were compared with those in mucosal biopsies of 5 submucosal @entity9 from @entity5 @entity0 . All 26 @entity4 were sessile, ranging from 1 to 6 mm in size (mean, 2.5 mm). Most arose in the distal colon (15 rectosigmoid, 7 descending, 2 transverse, and 2 ascending), and were incidentally found at screening colonoscopy. After a mean follow-up of 6.5 years (range, 3 mo to 17.5 y), none of the @entity0 developed other @entity4 , and none had evidence of @entity5 or other @entity2 . Histologically, the lamina propria of the @entity4 contained a diffuse cellular proliferation of uniform bland spindle cells with elongated, tapering nuclei, abundant, dense eosinophilic cytoplasm, and indistinct cell borders, entrapping adjacent crypts. No nuclear atypia, pleomorphism, mitotic activity, or associated ganglion cells were observed. All showed strong staining for @entity7 protein in essentially 100% of cells. NFP highlighted rare axons in 7 lesions. All other markers were negative. The 5 @entity9 showed similar histologic features, but were generally less uniformly cellular, showed some intralesional heterogeneity, and showed less extensive staining for @entity7 protein; all contained scattered NFP-positive axons. In summary, solitary colorectal @entity4 containing pure Schwann cell proliferations in the lamina propria are not associated with @entity5 . Distinguishing these lesions from @entity5 -associated @entity9 is difficult based on histologic features; the presence of an underlying submucosal nodule or mass should be excluded endoscopically, and immunohistochemistry should be performed. Although their nature is uncertain, we propose the interim designation "mucosal Schwann cell 'hamartoma'" to avoid @entity3 with the neural lesions that have significant associations with @entity2 .

title: Mucosal Schwann cell "hamartoma": clinicopathologic study of 26 neural XXXX and mucosal neuromas.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity7 ) is an anti-metabolite, widely used in the @entity0 chemotherapy and @entity4 . However, its long-term clinical use is restricted on account of its severe intestinal @entity2 . The present study was aimed to investigate the intestinal @entity2 of @entity7 and the possible protective effect of @entity11 (LA) on @entity1 . @entity7 -induced intestinal @entity2 was evaluated at the dose of 2.5mg/kg for short-term (5 days treatment) and 1mg/kg for long-term (5 days in a week for four consecutive weeks treatment) study. The possible protective effect of LA was evaluated in both short- as well as long-term study in a dose-dependent manner. @entity7 treatment induced @entity3 and mortality in @entity1 , indicating its severe @entity2 in the target organ of investigation, i.e., intestine. Further, the intestinal @entity2 of @entity7 was assessed by evaluating different parameters of oxidative stress, DNA damage, @entity2 as well as histological changes. Immunostaining for @entity10 revealed higher genotoxic assault in the intestinal cells due to @entity7 treatment. Pretreatment of @entity1 with LA led to significant decrease in the oxidative stress, DNA damage, cellular damage, inflammatory changes and apoptosis as determined by @entity5 level, @entity9 level, comet assay parameters, histological evaluation, immunostaining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity8 nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In the present investigation, we report that LA pretreatment ameliorates @entity7 -induced intestinal @entity2 in @entity1 as evident from the protection against oxidative stress, decrease in DNA damage and protection of cellular morphology as well as improvement in the stool consistency and animal survival rate.

title: Intervention of @entity11 ameliorates XXXX -induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity: A study in @entity1 intestine.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity7 ) is an anti-metabolite, widely used in the @entity0 chemotherapy and @entity4 . However, its long-term clinical use is restricted on account of its severe intestinal @entity2 . The present study was aimed to investigate the intestinal @entity2 of @entity7 and the possible protective effect of @entity11 (LA) on @entity1 . @entity7 -induced intestinal @entity2 was evaluated at the dose of 2.5mg/kg for short-term (5 days treatment) and 1mg/kg for long-term (5 days in a week for four consecutive weeks treatment) study. The possible protective effect of LA was evaluated in both short- as well as long-term study in a dose-dependent manner. @entity7 treatment induced @entity3 and mortality in @entity1 , indicating its severe @entity2 in the target organ of investigation, i.e., intestine. Further, the intestinal @entity2 of @entity7 was assessed by evaluating different parameters of oxidative stress, DNA damage, @entity2 as well as histological changes. Immunostaining for @entity10 revealed higher genotoxic assault in the intestinal cells due to @entity7 treatment. Pretreatment of @entity1 with LA led to significant decrease in the oxidative stress, DNA damage, cellular damage, inflammatory changes and apoptosis as determined by @entity5 level, @entity9 level, comet assay parameters, histological evaluation, immunostaining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity8 nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In the present investigation, we report that LA pretreatment ameliorates @entity7 -induced intestinal @entity2 in @entity1 as evident from the protection against oxidative stress, decrease in DNA damage and protection of cellular morphology as well as improvement in the stool consistency and animal survival rate.

title: Intervention of XXXX ameliorates @entity6 -induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity: A study in @entity1 intestine.

answer: @entity11


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity7 ) is an anti-metabolite, widely used in the @entity0 chemotherapy and @entity4 . However, its long-term clinical use is restricted on account of its severe intestinal @entity2 . The present study was aimed to investigate the intestinal @entity2 of @entity7 and the possible protective effect of @entity11 (LA) on @entity1 . @entity7 -induced intestinal @entity2 was evaluated at the dose of 2.5mg/kg for short-term (5 days treatment) and 1mg/kg for long-term (5 days in a week for four consecutive weeks treatment) study. The possible protective effect of LA was evaluated in both short- as well as long-term study in a dose-dependent manner. @entity7 treatment induced @entity3 and mortality in @entity1 , indicating its severe @entity2 in the target organ of investigation, i.e., intestine. Further, the intestinal @entity2 of @entity7 was assessed by evaluating different parameters of oxidative stress, DNA damage, @entity2 as well as histological changes. Immunostaining for @entity10 revealed higher genotoxic assault in the intestinal cells due to @entity7 treatment. Pretreatment of @entity1 with LA led to significant decrease in the oxidative stress, DNA damage, cellular damage, inflammatory changes and apoptosis as determined by @entity5 level, @entity9 level, comet assay parameters, histological evaluation, immunostaining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity8 nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay. In the present investigation, we report that LA pretreatment ameliorates @entity7 -induced intestinal @entity2 in @entity1 as evident from the protection against oxidative stress, decrease in DNA damage and protection of cellular morphology as well as improvement in the stool consistency and animal survival rate.

title: Intervention of @entity11 ameliorates @entity6 -induced oxidative stress and genotoxicity: A study in XXXX intestine.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a serious clinical event observed in 2% of @entity2 @entity0 . Studies regarding the effects of @entity3 volume (EHV) on prognosis are not sufficient. In this study, we applied the volume fraction approach of the stereological method to estimate the @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and investigated the relation between the @entity1 and prognosis. Fifty-nine @entity3 @entity0 (46 male and 13 female subjects, with average age of 21 years) admitted to the emergency clinic were included. The @entity1 was estimated on the printed films of cranial computed tomography scans. For this purpose, common point counting grids were superimposed over the scan frames. According to the clinical results, @entity0 were divided into three groups as complete recovery (43), disability (8) and exitus (8). The @entity1 was compared with the clinical results. @entity1 was determined as 4.6% in the @entity0 with recovery, 8.1% in disability, and 7.6% in exitus @entity0 . The @entity1 values were lowest in recovery @entity0 , and the difference between the recovery and the other two groups was statistically significant (p=0.007). However, there was no statistically significant difference in @entity1 between disability and exitus @entity0 (p>0.05). In conclusion, the @entity1 can be an important tool to determine prognosis, and it can be measured using the volume fraction approach of stereological methods as developed in the present study.

title: Prediction of prognosis in @entity0 with XXXX by a new stereological method.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a serious clinical event observed in 2% of @entity2 @entity0 . Studies regarding the effects of @entity3 volume (EHV) on prognosis are not sufficient. In this study, we applied the volume fraction approach of the stereological method to estimate the @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and investigated the relation between the @entity1 and prognosis. Fifty-nine @entity3 @entity0 (46 male and 13 female subjects, with average age of 21 years) admitted to the emergency clinic were included. The @entity1 was estimated on the printed films of cranial computed tomography scans. For this purpose, common point counting grids were superimposed over the scan frames. According to the clinical results, @entity0 were divided into three groups as complete recovery (43), disability (8) and exitus (8). The @entity1 was compared with the clinical results. @entity1 was determined as 4.6% in the @entity0 with recovery, 8.1% in disability, and 7.6% in exitus @entity0 . The @entity1 values were lowest in recovery @entity0 , and the difference between the recovery and the other two groups was statistically significant (p=0.007). However, there was no statistically significant difference in @entity1 between disability and exitus @entity0 (p>0.05). In conclusion, the @entity1 can be an important tool to determine prognosis, and it can be measured using the volume fraction approach of stereological methods as developed in the present study.

title: Prediction of prognosis in XXXX with @entity3 by a new stereological method.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 , such as @entity1 ( @entity1 ), are the leading cause of @entity2 in @entity6 @entity0 . @entity5 , due to its role in @entity4 oxidation, might help control the elevation in pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP). The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of @entity1 in @entity6 major @entity0 , identify clinical predictors for its development, and determine the potential effects of @entity5 . In total, 32 @entity0 with @entity6 major were recruited; 16 age- and sex-matched @entity0 constituted the control group. Cardiac evaluation was performed by using echocardiography. The @entity0 with @entity1 received 50 mg/kg/day @entity5 orally for 3 months and were then reevaluated. Based on PASP, the @entity0 were divided into group A without @entity1 and group B with @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity1 was 37.5%. The other echocardiographic measurements were not significantly different between groups A and B. PASP did not have any significant correlation with the following variables: age, total number of blood units received, splenic status, serum ferritin level, and ejection fraction. Following the administration of @entity5 , there was a significant decrease in the mean PASP from 33.96 +/- 7.85 to 24.11 +/- 7.61. All cardiac dimensions decreased following @entity5 , but the changes were not statistically significant. Even though @entity6 major resulted in an elevation in the PASP in only a fraction of the @entity0 , it seems to have an impact on the heart dimensions and function of all @entity0 . No clinical predictors were identified. Oral administration of @entity5 appears to significantly improve PASP.

title: @entity1 in XXXX major and the role of @entity5 therapy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity3 , such as @entity1 ( @entity1 ), are the leading cause of @entity2 in @entity6 @entity0 . @entity5 , due to its role in @entity4 oxidation, might help control the elevation in pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP). The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of @entity1 in @entity6 major @entity0 , identify clinical predictors for its development, and determine the potential effects of @entity5 . In total, 32 @entity0 with @entity6 major were recruited; 16 age- and sex-matched @entity0 constituted the control group. Cardiac evaluation was performed by using echocardiography. The @entity0 with @entity1 received 50 mg/kg/day @entity5 orally for 3 months and were then reevaluated. Based on PASP, the @entity0 were divided into group A without @entity1 and group B with @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity1 was 37.5%. The other echocardiographic measurements were not significantly different between groups A and B. PASP did not have any significant correlation with the following variables: age, total number of blood units received, splenic status, serum ferritin level, and ejection fraction. Following the administration of @entity5 , there was a significant decrease in the mean PASP from 33.96 +/- 7.85 to 24.11 +/- 7.61. All cardiac dimensions decreased following @entity5 , but the changes were not statistically significant. Even though @entity6 major resulted in an elevation in the PASP in only a fraction of the @entity0 , it seems to have an impact on the heart dimensions and function of all @entity0 . No clinical predictors were identified. Oral administration of @entity5 appears to significantly improve PASP.

title: XXXX in @entity6 major and the role of @entity5 therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 , such as @entity1 ( @entity1 ), are the leading cause of @entity2 in @entity6 @entity0 . @entity5 , due to its role in @entity4 oxidation, might help control the elevation in pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP). The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of @entity1 in @entity6 major @entity0 , identify clinical predictors for its development, and determine the potential effects of @entity5 . In total, 32 @entity0 with @entity6 major were recruited; 16 age- and sex-matched @entity0 constituted the control group. Cardiac evaluation was performed by using echocardiography. The @entity0 with @entity1 received 50 mg/kg/day @entity5 orally for 3 months and were then reevaluated. Based on PASP, the @entity0 were divided into group A without @entity1 and group B with @entity1 . The prevalence of @entity1 was 37.5%. The other echocardiographic measurements were not significantly different between groups A and B. PASP did not have any significant correlation with the following variables: age, total number of blood units received, splenic status, serum ferritin level, and ejection fraction. Following the administration of @entity5 , there was a significant decrease in the mean PASP from 33.96 +/- 7.85 to 24.11 +/- 7.61. All cardiac dimensions decreased following @entity5 , but the changes were not statistically significant. Even though @entity6 major resulted in an elevation in the PASP in only a fraction of the @entity0 , it seems to have an impact on the heart dimensions and function of all @entity0 . No clinical predictors were identified. Oral administration of @entity5 appears to significantly improve PASP.

title: @entity1 in @entity6 major and the role of XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine the relationship of the QTc interval with mortality and functional outcome after acute @entity2 , and determine whether a threshold cutoff is present beyond which risk of @entity1 increases. METHODS: The QTc interval was measured for all @entity0 presenting to the emergency department. The outcomes were mortality at 90 days and functional outcome at hospital discharge. The cutoffs were determined plotting martingale residuals. RESULTS: @entity0 with a @entity3 were more likely to die within 90 days compared with @entity0 without a prolonged interval (relative risk [RR] 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5-4.1; P < .001). The estimated survival at 90 days was 70.5% and 87.1%, respectively. This association retained statistical significance after adjusting for age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (RR 1.7; 95% CI 1.0-2.9; P = .043). @entity0 with a @entity3 were also more likely to have poor functional status compared with @entity0 without a prolonged interval (odds ratio 1.8; 95% CI 1.2-3.0; P = .006). This association was not statistically significant after adjusting for age and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (odds ratio 1.2; 95% CI 0.7-2.4). The identified threshold cutoffs for increased risk of @entity1 at 90 days were 440 milliseconds for @entity0 and 438 milliseconds for @entity0 . CONCLUSION: There appears to be an increased risk of @entity1 in @entity0 with acute @entity2 and a @entity3 at the time of emergency department presentation. Prognosis appears to be worse with QTc intervals longer than 440 milliseconds in @entity0 and longer than 438 milliseconds in @entity0 .

title: Prolonged QTc as a predictor of mortality in acute XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is a common disease in the United States associated with significant morbidity. Surgical treatment with cholecystectomy has been increasing with a significant cost to the health care system. Surgical management is not without risk. Cholecystectomy has also been associated with a significant morbidity and mortality in elderly @entity0 . Cholecystectomies are often performed unnecessarily in @entity3 @entity0 for nonspecific symptoms. Many @entity0 with nonspecific @entity1 , which may have a psychogenic component, continue to experience similar @entity1 after cholecystectomy. There are problems in determining the symptom status of @entity0 . @entity0 who believe surgery will relieve symptoms may maximize their symptoms, whereas @entity0 who are reluctant to undergo surgery may minimize their symptoms. Although cholecystectomy is the mainstay of @entity3 treatment, @entity4 therapy and, if available, ESWL and topical dissolution are nonsurgical treatment alternatives in selected @entity0 . In selected cases, in particular in the elderly and in other @entity0 at increased risk from surgery, nonsurgical management offers lower morbidity and mortality than does operative treatment. The decision for surgical versus nonsurgical management should be based on both objective selection criteria and @entity0 choice.

title: Nonsurgical management of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate self-reporting of adherence to cardiovascular medication using electronic pillboxes ( @entity2 [ @entity2 ]) as the gold standard comparator. In total, 78 individuals (52% @entity1 , 21% diabetics, 27% with @entity3 ) were recruited prospectively from an outpatient clinic setting in Switzerland. @entity0 completed two self-report measures (visual analogue scale [VAS] and a validated self-reporting questionnaire) at baseline and were asked to use @entity2 as their pillbox for the subsequent 10 weeks. @entity0 expressed their medication adherence behaviour on a VAS (0 mm="I never take any tablets"; 100 mm="I take all tablets as prescribed") and entered one of six numbers (from 1: perfect adherence to 6: non-adherence) on the questionnaire. Medication compliance was monitored for 75 d on average. Mean (+/-SD, range) scores for @entity2 with respect to timing adherence, correct dosing, and self-administration adherence were 79+/-25% (8-100%), 83+/-20% (24-100%), and 92+/-17% (54-118%), respectively. A majority of @entity0 (78.8%) over-reported their adherence to the VAS (93+/-7 mm, 73-100), and VAS scores correlated poorly with @entity2 recordings (Spearman's rho for timing adherence, correct dosing, self-administration adherence 0.29 [p=0.018], 0.24 [p=0.051], 0.26 [p=0.036], respectively). Similarly, we found no correlation between adherence as expressed in the questionnaire and @entity2 (regression coefficients <0.1). We conclude that a majority of @entity0 over-report adherence to cardiovascular medication if asked to complete a visual analogue scale and a validated questionnaire. Therefore, using self-reporting as the sole means of assessing medication compliance is insufficiently accurate to detect poor adherence. (Hypertens Res 2008; 31: 2037-2043).

title: XXXX ' self-reported adherence to cardiovascular medication using electronic monitors as comparators.

answer: @entity0