abstract: Most @entity0 become infected with @entity8 ). Typically, the immune system controls the @entity1 , but the virus persists and can reactivate in states of @entity4 . While substantial information is available on the contribution of @entity3 T cells and antibodies to anti-HCMV immunity, studies of the @entity5 , TH2, and TH17 subsets have been limited by the low frequency of HCMV-specific @entity2 T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). Using the enzyme-linked Immunospotr assay (ELISPOT) that excels in low frequency measurements, we have established these in a sizable cohort of healthy HCMV controllers. Cytokine recall responses were seen in all seropositive donors. Specifically, interferon (IFN)- and/or interleukin (IL)-17 were seen in isolation or with @entity7 in all test subjects. @entity7 recall did not occur in isolation. While the ratios of @entity5 , TH2, and TH17 cells exhibited substantial variations between different individuals these ratios and the frequencies were relatively stable when tested in samples drawn up to five years apart. IFN- and @entity6 co-expressing polyfunctional cells were seen in most subjects. Around half of the HCMV-specific @entity2 cells were in a reversible state of exhaustion. The data provided here established the @entity5 , TH2, and TH17 characteristic of the @entity2 cells that convey immune protection for successful immune surveillance against which reactivity can be compared when the immune surveillance of HCMV fails.

title: Characterization of the HCMV-Specific XXXX T Cell Responses that Are Associated with Protective Immunity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy of cranial Computed Tomography (CT) Scan in detecting @entity6 related to recurrent unprovoked @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of the findings in 120 @entity0 who had cranial CT scan for recurrent unprovoked @entity3 in the Department of Radiology of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital from August 2010 to September 2012. RESULTS: Of the 1,240 cranial CT scans performed during the period under review, only 120 (9.7%) cases had recurrent unprovoked @entity5 as indication for the procedure and were therefore included in the study. The @entity0 were 71 (59.2%) males and 49 (40.8%) females. The ages of @entity0 ranged from 1 month to 90 years. The mean age was 29.7+21.8 years. The highest prevalence of @entity3 (25.8%) occurred in the less than ten year age group. The commonest lesions found were @entity1 11 (9.2%), @entity4 11 (9.2%) and @entity2 (5.8%). Cranial CT Scans were normal in 76 (63.3%) @entity0 with recurrent unprovoked @entity3 . The most frequent @entity5 type was generalized tonic clonic (76.7%). CONCLUSION: The use of Cranial CT Scan as a diagnostic tool led to the detection of @entity6 in 36.7% of @entity0 with recurrent unprovoked @entity3 . The detection of @entity6 in these @entity0 would facilitate early and appropriate intervention.

title: Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Recurrent Unprovoked XXXX Disorders at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital (UPTH), Nigeria.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) comprise a unique network of capillary beds within the retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) and play a critical role in satisfying the nutritional requirements of @entity2 ganglion cell (RGC) axons. Understanding the topographical and morphological characteristics of these networks through in vivo techniques may improve our understanding about the role of @entity1 in RGC axonal health and disease. This study utilizes a novel, non-invasive and label-free optical imaging technique, speckle variance optical coherence tomography (svOCT), for quantitatively studying RPC networks in the @entity0 retina. Six different retinal eccentricities from 16 healthy eyes were imaged using svOCT. The same eccentricities were histologically imaged in 9 healthy donor eyes with a confocal scanning laser microscope. Donor eyes were subject to perfusion-based labeling techniques prior to retinal dissection, flat mounting and visualization with the microscope. Capillary density and diameter measurements from each eccentricity in svOCT and histological images were compared. Data from svOCT images were also analysed to determine if there was a correlation between RNFL thickness and RPC density. The results are as follows: (1) The morphological characteristics of RPC networks on svOCT images are comparable to histological images; (2) With the exception of the nasal peripapillary region, there were no significant differences in RPC density measurements between svOCT and histological images; (3) Capillary diameter measurements were significantly greater in svOCT images compared to histology; (4) There is a positive correlation between RPC density and RNFL thickness. The findings in this study suggest that svOCT is a reliable modality for analyzing RPC networks in the @entity0 retina. It may therefore be a valuable tool for aiding our understanding about vasculogenic mechanisms that are involved in RGC axonopathies. Further work is required to explore the reason for some of the quantitative differences between svOCT and histology.

title: Label-Free Density Measurements of Radial Peripapillary Capillaries in the XXXX Retina.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Social processes are key to navigating the world, and investigating their underlying mechanisms and cognitive architecture can aid in understanding disease states such as @entity0 , where social processes are highly impacted. Evidence suggests that social processes are impaired in individuals at ultra high-risk for the development of @entity1 (UHR). Understanding these phenomena in UHR youth may clarify disease etiology and social processes in a period that is characterized by significantly fewer confounds than @entity0 . Furthermore, understanding social processing deficits in this population will help explain these processes in healthy individuals. The current study examined resting state connectivity of the salience (SN) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in association with facial emotion recognition (FER), an integral aspect of social processes, as well as broader social functioning (SF) in UHR individuals and healthy controls. Consistent with the existing literature, UHR youth were impaired in FER and SF when compared with controls. In the UHR group, we found increased connectivity between the SN and the medial prefrontal cortex, an area of the @entity2 relative to controls. In UHR youth, the @entity2 exhibited both positive and negative correlations with the somatosensory cortex/cerebellum and precuneus, respectively, which was linked with better FER performance. For SF, results showed that sensory processing links with the SN might be important in allowing for better SF for both groups, but especially in controls where sensory processing is likely to be unimpaired. These findings clarify how social processing deficits may manifest in @entity1 , and underscore the importance of SN and @entity2 connectivity for social processing more generally.

title: Intrinsic Functional Connectivity in Salience and Default Mode Networks and Aberrant Social Processes in Youth at Ultra-High Risk for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hATMSCs) have great potential as a therapy for various diseases. However, emerging evidence shows that there are conflicting results concerning effects of hATMSCs on @entity1 progression. Our objective was to determine whether and how hATMSCs modulate @entity1 growth. After @entity1 cell lines were subcutaneously inoculated into BALB/c-nude and hairless severe combined immunodeficient @entity2 , hATMSCs were intratumorally injected into the @entity2 . The growth of the @entity1 was inhibited by hATMSCs, yet that of the @entity3 was significantly promoted by hATMSCs in the in vivo xenograft models. In vitro study using a co-culture system of @entity1 cells and hATMSCs was consistent with the in vivo experiments. To reveal the molecular events induced by hATMSCs in the xenograft models, global gene expression profiles of the A549 and @entity3 in the absence or presence of hATMSCs were determined. Significant numbers of genes involved in biological processes were altered in the hATMSC-treated @entity1 , whereas no biological process was regulated by treatment with hATMSCs in the @entity3 , reflecting the different effects of hATMSCs in the different types of @entity1 . Notably, histone cluster 1, H2aj and @entity5 were found to be expressed in direct or inverse proportion to @entity1 size in both xenograft models. In addition, nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) @entity4 was differentially phosphorylated by the hATMSCs dependent on the source of the @entity1 cells. In conclusion, the identified gene profiling and NF-kB signaling provide molecular evidence to explain the conflicting findings in @entity1  -MSC studies, although further study is needed to confirm these findings using various types of @entity1 .

title: Dual effects of XXXX adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in @entity0 lung adenocarcinoma A549 xenografts and colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 xenografts in @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hATMSCs) have great potential as a therapy for various diseases. However, emerging evidence shows that there are conflicting results concerning effects of hATMSCs on @entity1 progression. Our objective was to determine whether and how hATMSCs modulate @entity1 growth. After @entity1 cell lines were subcutaneously inoculated into BALB/c-nude and hairless severe combined immunodeficient @entity2 , hATMSCs were intratumorally injected into the @entity2 . The growth of the @entity1 was inhibited by hATMSCs, yet that of the @entity3 was significantly promoted by hATMSCs in the in vivo xenograft models. In vitro study using a co-culture system of @entity1 cells and hATMSCs was consistent with the in vivo experiments. To reveal the molecular events induced by hATMSCs in the xenograft models, global gene expression profiles of the A549 and @entity3 in the absence or presence of hATMSCs were determined. Significant numbers of genes involved in biological processes were altered in the hATMSC-treated @entity1 , whereas no biological process was regulated by treatment with hATMSCs in the @entity3 , reflecting the different effects of hATMSCs in the different types of @entity1 . Notably, histone cluster 1, H2aj and @entity5 were found to be expressed in direct or inverse proportion to @entity1 size in both xenograft models. In addition, nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) @entity4 was differentially phosphorylated by the hATMSCs dependent on the source of the @entity1 cells. In conclusion, the identified gene profiling and NF-kB signaling provide molecular evidence to explain the conflicting findings in @entity1  -MSC studies, although further study is needed to confirm these findings using various types of @entity1 .

title: Dual effects of @entity0 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in XXXX lung adenocarcinoma A549 xenografts and colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 xenografts in @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hATMSCs) have great potential as a therapy for various diseases. However, emerging evidence shows that there are conflicting results concerning effects of hATMSCs on @entity1 progression. Our objective was to determine whether and how hATMSCs modulate @entity1 growth. After @entity1 cell lines were subcutaneously inoculated into BALB/c-nude and hairless severe combined immunodeficient @entity2 , hATMSCs were intratumorally injected into the @entity2 . The growth of the @entity1 was inhibited by hATMSCs, yet that of the @entity3 was significantly promoted by hATMSCs in the in vivo xenograft models. In vitro study using a co-culture system of @entity1 cells and hATMSCs was consistent with the in vivo experiments. To reveal the molecular events induced by hATMSCs in the xenograft models, global gene expression profiles of the A549 and @entity3 in the absence or presence of hATMSCs were determined. Significant numbers of genes involved in biological processes were altered in the hATMSC-treated @entity1 , whereas no biological process was regulated by treatment with hATMSCs in the @entity3 , reflecting the different effects of hATMSCs in the different types of @entity1 . Notably, histone cluster 1, H2aj and @entity5 were found to be expressed in direct or inverse proportion to @entity1 size in both xenograft models. In addition, nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) @entity4 was differentially phosphorylated by the hATMSCs dependent on the source of the @entity1 cells. In conclusion, the identified gene profiling and NF-kB signaling provide molecular evidence to explain the conflicting findings in @entity1  -MSC studies, although further study is needed to confirm these findings using various types of @entity1 .

title: Dual effects of @entity0 adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in @entity0 lung adenocarcinoma A549 xenografts and colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 xenografts in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Flow diverter stents (FDSs) are increasingly used for the treatment of @entity1 . Initially developed for the management of giant and large @entity2 , their indications have progressively expanded. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of FDSs for the treatment of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among the 94 consecutive @entity0 treated for 100 @entity1 by means of FDSs in our institution from October 2010 to January 2015, eight @entity2 (8   %) in seven @entity0 were located on the @entity3 . Three @entity2 were located on the A1 segment, three @entity2 on the anterior communicating artery (ACom) and two on the A2-A3 junction. In three cases, FDS was used for angiographic recurrence after coiling. Five @entity0 were treated with a Pipeline embolization device, one with a NeuroEndograft and the last one with a Silk FDS. RESULTS: Treatment was feasible in all cases. No technical difficulty was reported. No acute or delayed clinical complication was recorded. Modified Rankin Scale was 0 for six @entity0 and one for one @entity0 . Mean angiographic follow-up was 9.7        3.9 months (range 6-15). Total exclusion was observed in five @entity2 (71.4   %) and neck remnant in two (28.6   %) cases. One @entity0 refused the control DSA. CONCLUSION: Our series shows the safety and effectiveness of FDSs for the treatment of @entity3 @entity2 .

title: Flow Diverter Stents for the Treatment of Anterior Cerebral XXXX : Safety and Effectiveness.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are highly aggressive @entity1 . Chemotherapy has improved prognosis significantly; however, early diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. Presently, the diagnosis of PCNSL depends on histopathology of @entity1 biopsies. We have previously demonstrated differential expression of microRNAs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from @entity0 with PCNSL. Based on promising findings about circulating U2 small nuclear RNA fragments (RNU2-1f) as novel blood-based biomarkers for @entity2 , we investigated RNU2-1f in the CSF of PCNSL @entity0 . METHODS: CSF was collected from @entity0 with PCNSL (n = 72) and control @entity0 with various @entity3 (n = 47). Sequential CSF samples were collected from 9 PCNSL @entity0 . RNU2-1f levels were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Measurement of RNU2-1f levels in CSF enabled the differentiation of @entity0 with PCNSL from controls with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.909 with a sensitivity of 68.1% and a specificity of 91.4%. The diagnostic accuracy was further improved by combined determination of RNU2-1f and @entity5 , resulting in AUC of 0.987 with a sensitivity of 91.7% and a specificity of 95.7%. In consecutive measurements of RNU2-1f, which were performed in 9 @entity0 at different stages of the disease course, RNU2-1f CSF levels paralleled the course of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that the measurement of RNU2-1f detected in CSF can be used as a diagnostic marker and also as a possible marker for treatment monitoring. These promising results need to be evaluated within a larger @entity0 cohort.

title: Circulating U2 small nuclear RNA fragments as a novel diagnostic biomarker for primary XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, de novo mutations in @entity12 have been identified in @entity0 with nonsyndromic @entity6 and @entity4 . Whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis of @entity0 with genetically unsolved @entity4 identified four @entity0 with @entity12 mutations, allowing us to investigate the phenotypic spectrum of @entity12 mutations. METHODS: Eighty-eight @entity0 with unclassified early onset @entity4 (EOEEs) with an age of onset <1  year were analyzed by WES. The effect of mutations on @entity11 ( @entity11 ) receptors was examined by mapping altered @entity9 onto three-dimensional models. RESULTS: We identified four de novo missense @entity12 mutations in 4 of 88 @entity0 with unclassified EOEEs. In these four @entity0 , initial symptoms appeared within 3  months of birth, including @entity1 movements in two @entity0 (2/4, 50%), and @entity5 in two @entity0 (2/4, 50%). @entity10 , severe @entity3 , and @entity6 were recognized in all four @entity0 . In addition, @entity10 resembling @entity8 and stereotypic hand movements were observed in two and three @entity0 , respectively. All the four @entity0 exhibited only nonspecific focal and @entity4 , and never showed suppression-burst or @entity7 during infancy. A de novo mosaic mutation ( @entity13 ) with a mutant allele frequency of 16% (in DNA of blood leukocytes) was detected in one @entity0 . Three mutations were located in the transmembrane domain (3/4, 75%), and one in the extracellular loop near transmembrane helix 1. All the mutations were predicted to impair the function of the @entity11 receptor. SIGNIFICANCE: Clinical features of de novo @entity12 mutations include @entity10 , @entity5 , and hand stereotypies, suggesting that @entity12 mutations cause @entity2 resulting in @entity5 and @entity6 .

title: @entity12 mutations cause @entity2 with XXXX , and @entity1 and stereotyped @entity6 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, de novo mutations in @entity12 have been identified in @entity0 with nonsyndromic @entity6 and @entity4 . Whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis of @entity0 with genetically unsolved @entity4 identified four @entity0 with @entity12 mutations, allowing us to investigate the phenotypic spectrum of @entity12 mutations. METHODS: Eighty-eight @entity0 with unclassified early onset @entity4 (EOEEs) with an age of onset <1  year were analyzed by WES. The effect of mutations on @entity11 ( @entity11 ) receptors was examined by mapping altered @entity9 onto three-dimensional models. RESULTS: We identified four de novo missense @entity12 mutations in 4 of 88 @entity0 with unclassified EOEEs. In these four @entity0 , initial symptoms appeared within 3  months of birth, including @entity1 movements in two @entity0 (2/4, 50%), and @entity5 in two @entity0 (2/4, 50%). @entity10 , severe @entity3 , and @entity6 were recognized in all four @entity0 . In addition, @entity10 resembling @entity8 and stereotypic hand movements were observed in two and three @entity0 , respectively. All the four @entity0 exhibited only nonspecific focal and @entity4 , and never showed suppression-burst or @entity7 during infancy. A de novo mosaic mutation ( @entity13 ) with a mutant allele frequency of 16% (in DNA of blood leukocytes) was detected in one @entity0 . Three mutations were located in the transmembrane domain (3/4, 75%), and one in the extracellular loop near transmembrane helix 1. All the mutations were predicted to impair the function of the @entity11 receptor. SIGNIFICANCE: Clinical features of de novo @entity12 mutations include @entity10 , @entity5 , and hand stereotypies, suggesting that @entity12 mutations cause @entity2 resulting in @entity5 and @entity6 .

title: XXXX mutations cause @entity2 with @entity4 , and @entity1 and stereotyped @entity6 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, de novo mutations in @entity12 have been identified in @entity0 with nonsyndromic @entity6 and @entity4 . Whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis of @entity0 with genetically unsolved @entity4 identified four @entity0 with @entity12 mutations, allowing us to investigate the phenotypic spectrum of @entity12 mutations. METHODS: Eighty-eight @entity0 with unclassified early onset @entity4 (EOEEs) with an age of onset <1  year were analyzed by WES. The effect of mutations on @entity11 ( @entity11 ) receptors was examined by mapping altered @entity9 onto three-dimensional models. RESULTS: We identified four de novo missense @entity12 mutations in 4 of 88 @entity0 with unclassified EOEEs. In these four @entity0 , initial symptoms appeared within 3  months of birth, including @entity1 movements in two @entity0 (2/4, 50%), and @entity5 in two @entity0 (2/4, 50%). @entity10 , severe @entity3 , and @entity6 were recognized in all four @entity0 . In addition, @entity10 resembling @entity8 and stereotypic hand movements were observed in two and three @entity0 , respectively. All the four @entity0 exhibited only nonspecific focal and @entity4 , and never showed suppression-burst or @entity7 during infancy. A de novo mosaic mutation ( @entity13 ) with a mutant allele frequency of 16% (in DNA of blood leukocytes) was detected in one @entity0 . Three mutations were located in the transmembrane domain (3/4, 75%), and one in the extracellular loop near transmembrane helix 1. All the mutations were predicted to impair the function of the @entity11 receptor. SIGNIFICANCE: Clinical features of de novo @entity12 mutations include @entity10 , @entity5 , and hand stereotypies, suggesting that @entity12 mutations cause @entity2 resulting in @entity5 and @entity6 .

title: @entity12 mutations cause XXXX with @entity4 , and @entity1 and stereotyped @entity6 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, de novo mutations in @entity12 have been identified in @entity0 with nonsyndromic @entity6 and @entity4 . Whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis of @entity0 with genetically unsolved @entity4 identified four @entity0 with @entity12 mutations, allowing us to investigate the phenotypic spectrum of @entity12 mutations. METHODS: Eighty-eight @entity0 with unclassified early onset @entity4 (EOEEs) with an age of onset <1  year were analyzed by WES. The effect of mutations on @entity11 ( @entity11 ) receptors was examined by mapping altered @entity9 onto three-dimensional models. RESULTS: We identified four de novo missense @entity12 mutations in 4 of 88 @entity0 with unclassified EOEEs. In these four @entity0 , initial symptoms appeared within 3  months of birth, including @entity1 movements in two @entity0 (2/4, 50%), and @entity5 in two @entity0 (2/4, 50%). @entity10 , severe @entity3 , and @entity6 were recognized in all four @entity0 . In addition, @entity10 resembling @entity8 and stereotypic hand movements were observed in two and three @entity0 , respectively. All the four @entity0 exhibited only nonspecific focal and @entity4 , and never showed suppression-burst or @entity7 during infancy. A de novo mosaic mutation ( @entity13 ) with a mutant allele frequency of 16% (in DNA of blood leukocytes) was detected in one @entity0 . Three mutations were located in the transmembrane domain (3/4, 75%), and one in the extracellular loop near transmembrane helix 1. All the mutations were predicted to impair the function of the @entity11 receptor. SIGNIFICANCE: Clinical features of de novo @entity12 mutations include @entity10 , @entity5 , and hand stereotypies, suggesting that @entity12 mutations cause @entity2 resulting in @entity5 and @entity6 .

title: @entity12 mutations cause @entity2 with @entity4 , and @entity1 and stereotyped XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently, de novo mutations in @entity12 have been identified in @entity0 with nonsyndromic @entity6 and @entity4 . Whole exome sequencing (WES) analysis of @entity0 with genetically unsolved @entity4 identified four @entity0 with @entity12 mutations, allowing us to investigate the phenotypic spectrum of @entity12 mutations. METHODS: Eighty-eight @entity0 with unclassified early onset @entity4 (EOEEs) with an age of onset <1  year were analyzed by WES. The effect of mutations on @entity11 ( @entity11 ) receptors was examined by mapping altered @entity9 onto three-dimensional models. RESULTS: We identified four de novo missense @entity12 mutations in 4 of 88 @entity0 with unclassified EOEEs. In these four @entity0 , initial symptoms appeared within 3  months of birth, including @entity1 movements in two @entity0 (2/4, 50%), and @entity5 in two @entity0 (2/4, 50%). @entity10 , severe @entity3 , and @entity6 were recognized in all four @entity0 . In addition, @entity10 resembling @entity8 and stereotypic hand movements were observed in two and three @entity0 , respectively. All the four @entity0 exhibited only nonspecific focal and @entity4 , and never showed suppression-burst or @entity7 during infancy. A de novo mosaic mutation ( @entity13 ) with a mutant allele frequency of 16% (in DNA of blood leukocytes) was detected in one @entity0 . Three mutations were located in the transmembrane domain (3/4, 75%), and one in the extracellular loop near transmembrane helix 1. All the mutations were predicted to impair the function of the @entity11 receptor. SIGNIFICANCE: Clinical features of de novo @entity12 mutations include @entity10 , @entity5 , and hand stereotypies, suggesting that @entity12 mutations cause @entity2 resulting in @entity5 and @entity6 .

title: @entity12 mutations cause @entity2 with @entity4 , and XXXX and stereotyped @entity6 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Chronic @entity5 is a recognized long-term complication following chemotherapy in a range of diseases. @entity5 adversely affects @entity0 ' quality of life. The objective of this study is to examine whether there is evidence of acute @entity5 . METHODS: This prospective study included @entity0 with secondary progressive @entity1 (SPMS-BMT, n = 14) and @entity4 (HM-BMT, n = 17) receiving chemotherapy as preconditioning for bone marrow transplant. The control groups included SPMS @entity0 matched for demographic and clinical data (SPMS-PL, n = 14) and healthy controls (n = 14). @entity2 was assessed at baseline and longitudinally (months 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 36), combining a clinical scale for disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]), a serum protein biomarker for @entity2 (neurofilaments, @entity6 -SMI35), and @entity3 measures (magnetic resonance imaging). RESULTS: Disability progression was significantly more acute and severe following chemotherapy compared to placebo. Immediately after starting chemotherapy, serum @entity6 -SMI35 levels increased in 79% (p < 0.0001) of SPMS-BMT @entity0 and 41% (p < 0.01) of HM-BMT @entity0 compared to 0% of SPMS-PL @entity0 or healthy controls. In SPMS-BMT serum @entity6 -SMI35 levels were > 100-fold higher 1 month after chemotherapy (29.73ng/ml) compared to baseline (0.28ng/ml, p < 0.0001). High serum @entity6 -SMI35 levels persisting for at least 3 months were associated with sustained disability progression on the EDSS (p < 0.05). @entity3 rates increased acutely in SPMS-BMT (-2.09) compared to SPMS-PL (-1.18, p < 0.05). INTERPRETATION: @entity5 is an unwanted acute side effect of aggressive chemotherapy.

title: Evidence for acute XXXX after chemotherapy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: large, long-term population data indicate an inverse association for adult height with @entity1 incidence and mortality, whereas the risk of @entity3 appears greater in taller individuals. However, it is unclear whether knowledge of an individual's stature is an important clinical factor to consider when assessing hospitalized @entity0 with @entity2 . We determined the relation of body height with clinical characteristics and discharge outcomes among @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: we analyzed prospectively collected data in 881 consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 admitted to a university hospital @entity1 service during a 5-year period starting September 2002. @entity1 subtyping was performed per modified Trial of @entity4 in Acute @entity1 Treatment (TOAST) criteria. @entity1 severity was assessed with the National Institutes of Health @entity1 Scale. All @entity0 were assessed at discharge using the modified Rankin scale. Mean adjusted height was compared using linear regression models with height as outcome, and @entity1 subtype, modified Rankin scale, and potential confounders as covariates. RESULTS: mean age was 67.4 years, 48% were @entity0 . Mean height was 169 cm (SD    11). In multivariable analysis, height decreased per year of age (P=0.003), those with a previous @entity1 were shorter than those without a previous @entity1 (P=0.04), and females were shorter than males (P<0.001). Height was not associated with @entity1 subtype or discharge outcomes in unadjusted or adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Body height at hospital admission has no relation to @entity2 subtype or discharge outcome. However, @entity0 with history of previous @entity1 were significantly shorter than those without a previous @entity1 , which may be because of greater @entity1 occurrence in shorter individuals or taller @entity0 with relatively larger @entity3 dying earlier.

title: Influence of height on the clinical characteristics and prognosis of @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: large, long-term population data indicate an inverse association for adult height with @entity1 incidence and mortality, whereas the risk of @entity3 appears greater in taller individuals. However, it is unclear whether knowledge of an individual's stature is an important clinical factor to consider when assessing hospitalized @entity0 with @entity2 . We determined the relation of body height with clinical characteristics and discharge outcomes among @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: we analyzed prospectively collected data in 881 consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 admitted to a university hospital @entity1 service during a 5-year period starting September 2002. @entity1 subtyping was performed per modified Trial of @entity4 in Acute @entity1 Treatment (TOAST) criteria. @entity1 severity was assessed with the National Institutes of Health @entity1 Scale. All @entity0 were assessed at discharge using the modified Rankin scale. Mean adjusted height was compared using linear regression models with height as outcome, and @entity1 subtype, modified Rankin scale, and potential confounders as covariates. RESULTS: mean age was 67.4 years, 48% were @entity0 . Mean height was 169 cm (SD    11). In multivariable analysis, height decreased per year of age (P=0.003), those with a previous @entity1 were shorter than those without a previous @entity1 (P=0.04), and females were shorter than males (P<0.001). Height was not associated with @entity1 subtype or discharge outcomes in unadjusted or adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Body height at hospital admission has no relation to @entity2 subtype or discharge outcome. However, @entity0 with history of previous @entity1 were significantly shorter than those without a previous @entity1 , which may be because of greater @entity1 occurrence in shorter individuals or taller @entity0 with relatively larger @entity3 dying earlier.

title: Influence of height on the clinical characteristics and prognosis of XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: generalized tonic clonic (GTC) @entity5 activity because of central nerve system oxygen @entity3 is a rare but recognized effect of HBOT (hyperbaric oxygen therapy). Almost all case reports and database analyses about the relationship between @entity5 activity and HBOT point out that GTC @entity5 and @entity4 are more likely to occur as a result of the treatment and there are only few reports demonstrating partial @entity5 . CASE REPORT: an 87-year-old male @entity0 was admitted to our clinic because of tonic-clonic contractions on his left arm. He was under HBOT because of a decubitis @entity6 . After repeated exposures to hyperbaric oxygen, he had contractions on his left arm. He was diagnosed as focal motor status. There was no evidence of acute @entity1 or @entity2 on brain magnetic resonance imaging. IV phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) 20 mg/kg was given over 30 minutes and continued orally with phenytoin at a dose of 300 mg/d. He had no subsequent @entity5 . CONCLUSION: GTC @entity5 or @entity4 as a result of GTC @entity5 are more common than focal @entity5 as neurologic complications of HBOT. Partial @entity5 as a neurologic complication of HBOT have rarely been reported and to our knowledge, this is the first case which is characterized by focal @entity4 induced by HBOT.

title: Focal XXXX induced by hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity7 / @entity5 , nasal type (ENKL), accounts for less than 3% of @entity4 in Japan. Based on the results of prospective clinical trials, ENKL treatment has dramatically improved during the last decade in Japan. The @entity4 Study Group of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) conducted a phase I/II study (JCOG0211) of concurrent chemoradiotherapy for newly-diagnosed, localized ENKL. The trial showed an excellent 5-year overall survival rate (70%) and acceptable @entity2 of @entity1 /3DeVIC. The NK-cell Tumor Study Group in Japan, together with Asian collaborators, conducted clinical trials ( @entity3 -PI _ PII) of @entity3 chemotherapy for @entity0 with newly-diagnosed stage IV, or relapsed/refractory ENKL. The overall response rate for 2 cycles of @entity3 in 38 evaluated @entity0 was 79%. The 2013 Japanese Society of Hematology guidelines recommend RT-2/3DeVIC for the treatment of newly-diagnosed ENKL of stage IE and contiguous stage IIE with cervical node involvement. For other ENKL, @entity3 or other @entity6 -containing chemotherapies are recommended. A large retrospective study evaluating the efficacy and @entity2 of these new treatments in clinical practice is currently underway in Japan. Close cooperation between radiation oncologists and international collaboration will be the key factors in developing better first-line treatments for ENKL.

title: Development of new treatments for extranodal NK/ XXXX in Japan.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In Germany about 300,000 to 400,000 @entity0 are suffering from Morbus @entity2 at present. It is one of the most common @entity1 both in Germany and in Europe as a whole. With the rising number of elderly @entity0 in our population, the number of @entity2 @entity0 will strongly increase as well in future. About 20% of these @entity0 are already in an advanced stage. This stage leaves its marks with motor and non-motor sequelae. With the minority of these @entity0 oral medication is ineffective. For these relatively rare cases an indication for an L-dopa-infusion therapy (duodopa pump), an @entity3 pump therapy or a deep brain stimulation may exist. The indication for one of these 3 therapy forms is given by the neurological clinic in agreement with the @entity0 and is only given in case of failure of oral medication. @entity4 therapy options are very expensive. In case of the deep brain stimulation, close cooperation between the neurologist and the neurosurgeon as well as with the @entity0 is necessary. Experts warn about a transplantation of stem cells because there are no clinical studies and only partial clinical improvement with severe side effects are known. The transplantation of stem cells for advanced Morbus @entity2 is not a medically necessary treatment at present.

title: [Therapy options in the case of advanced therapy resistant Morbus XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Newly developed extra-mammary @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are an issue of concern when considering the management of @entity0 survivors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of @entity2 and to evaluate the implications of @entity2 on the survival of @entity0 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 8204 @entity1 who underwent surgery at Severance Hospital between 1990 and 2012 were retrospectively selected. Clinicopathologic features and survival over follow-up periods of  <=5 and >5 years were investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 67.3 months, 962 @entity2 in 858 @entity1 (10.5%) were detected. Synchronous and metachronous @entity2 were identified in 23.8% and 79.0% of @entity1 , respectively. @entity4 was the most prevalent, and the second most common was @entity2 . At  <=5 years, @entity1 with @entity2 were older and demonstrated significantly worse survival despite a higher proportion of @entity1 with lower-stage @entity2 . Nevertheless, an increased risk of @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity2 did not reach statistical significance at >5 years. The causes of @entity3 in many of the @entity1 with @entity2 were not related to @entity0 . Stage-matched analysis revealed that the implications of @entity2 on survival were more evident in the early stages of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: @entity0 @entity1 with @entity2 showed worse survival, especially when early-stage disease was identified. Therefore, it is necessary to follow screening programs in @entity0 survivors and to establish guidelines for improving prognosis and quality of life.

title: Characteristics and Survival of XXXX @entity1 with Multiple Synchronous or Metachronous Primary Cancers.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Newly developed extra-mammary @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are an issue of concern when considering the management of @entity0 survivors. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of @entity2 and to evaluate the implications of @entity2 on the survival of @entity0 @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 8204 @entity1 who underwent surgery at Severance Hospital between 1990 and 2012 were retrospectively selected. Clinicopathologic features and survival over follow-up periods of  <=5 and >5 years were investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 67.3 months, 962 @entity2 in 858 @entity1 (10.5%) were detected. Synchronous and metachronous @entity2 were identified in 23.8% and 79.0% of @entity1 , respectively. @entity4 was the most prevalent, and the second most common was @entity2 . At  <=5 years, @entity1 with @entity2 were older and demonstrated significantly worse survival despite a higher proportion of @entity1 with lower-stage @entity2 . Nevertheless, an increased risk of @entity3 in @entity1 with @entity2 did not reach statistical significance at >5 years. The causes of @entity3 in many of the @entity1 with @entity2 were not related to @entity0 . Stage-matched analysis revealed that the implications of @entity2 on survival were more evident in the early stages of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: @entity0 @entity1 with @entity2 showed worse survival, especially when early-stage disease was identified. Therefore, it is necessary to follow screening programs in @entity0 survivors and to establish guidelines for improving prognosis and quality of life.

title: Characteristics and Survival of @entity0 XXXX with Multiple Synchronous or Metachronous Primary Cancers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: On behalf of the European Society of Paediatric Urology (ESPU), a prospective study was designed with the aim of defining the actual number of babies born with @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity4 in Europe over a 12-month period, and verifying the distribution of the @entity5 @entity0 born during the study period among the different paediatric urology centres in Europe. STUDY DESIGN: The study was structured with a chief investigator and one national investigator for each country enrolled in the study. The national investigators nominated one local investigator for each European centre of paediatric surgery/paediatric urology and urology where the @entity5 complex could potentially be treated. The local investigators were responsible for reporting babies treated in their institutions for @entity2 and/or @entity4 . During 2010, every 3 months, an electronic survey (Figure) was e-mailed to the local investigators asking them to report babies treated or referred for treatment during the previous 3 months. RESULTS: One-hundred and sixteen centres in 27 European counties were enrolled in the study. The overall response rate for the four online surveys was 79%. Two-hundred and thirty-eight babies were reported to be born with a condition within the bladder @entity6 complex (BEEC): 71 primary @entity4 (66 males), 146 classic @entity2 (97 males) of which two were female @entity2 variant, and 21 @entity5 (17 males). Two of 67 (3%) @entity3 , 24/146 (16.4%) @entity2 , and 6/21 (28%) @entity5 were antenatally diagnosed. @entity1 were reported in 2/71 (2.8%) @entity4 @entity0 , 8/146 (5.5%) @entity2 @entity0 , and 15/21 (71.4%) @entity5 @entity0 . One-hundred and forty-seven (62%) of the 238 babies born in Europe with a condition within the @entity5 spectrum during 2010 were transferred from other institutions for treatment (36 @entity3 , 97 @entity2 , and 14 @entity5 ). Only 12 centres treated six or more @entity5 and or @entity4 @entity0 during the study period; 52 treated between one and five @entity0 , of which 22 treated only one case in 12 months. DISCUSSION: This study provides a contemporary incidence of the BEEC in Europe. It demonstrates also that only a minority (19%) of the European centres involved in the treatment of @entity5 can be considered "high volume" @entity5 centres. CONCLUSION: There is a case for proposing a rationalisation of the treatment of this group of conditions in a small number of @entity5 units around Europe.

title: Prospective study on the incidence of @entity2 and XXXX in Europe.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: On behalf of the European Society of Paediatric Urology (ESPU), a prospective study was designed with the aim of defining the actual number of babies born with @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity4 in Europe over a 12-month period, and verifying the distribution of the @entity5 @entity0 born during the study period among the different paediatric urology centres in Europe. STUDY DESIGN: The study was structured with a chief investigator and one national investigator for each country enrolled in the study. The national investigators nominated one local investigator for each European centre of paediatric surgery/paediatric urology and urology where the @entity5 complex could potentially be treated. The local investigators were responsible for reporting babies treated in their institutions for @entity2 and/or @entity4 . During 2010, every 3 months, an electronic survey (Figure) was e-mailed to the local investigators asking them to report babies treated or referred for treatment during the previous 3 months. RESULTS: One-hundred and sixteen centres in 27 European counties were enrolled in the study. The overall response rate for the four online surveys was 79%. Two-hundred and thirty-eight babies were reported to be born with a condition within the bladder @entity6 complex (BEEC): 71 primary @entity4 (66 males), 146 classic @entity2 (97 males) of which two were female @entity2 variant, and 21 @entity5 (17 males). Two of 67 (3%) @entity3 , 24/146 (16.4%) @entity2 , and 6/21 (28%) @entity5 were antenatally diagnosed. @entity1 were reported in 2/71 (2.8%) @entity4 @entity0 , 8/146 (5.5%) @entity2 @entity0 , and 15/21 (71.4%) @entity5 @entity0 . One-hundred and forty-seven (62%) of the 238 babies born in Europe with a condition within the @entity5 spectrum during 2010 were transferred from other institutions for treatment (36 @entity3 , 97 @entity2 , and 14 @entity5 ). Only 12 centres treated six or more @entity5 and or @entity4 @entity0 during the study period; 52 treated between one and five @entity0 , of which 22 treated only one case in 12 months. DISCUSSION: This study provides a contemporary incidence of the BEEC in Europe. It demonstrates also that only a minority (19%) of the European centres involved in the treatment of @entity5 can be considered "high volume" @entity5 centres. CONCLUSION: There is a case for proposing a rationalisation of the treatment of this group of conditions in a small number of @entity5 units around Europe.

title: Prospective study on the incidence of XXXX and @entity4 in Europe.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Williams and Mikhael (1971) described idiopathic @entity6 (IU) as a self-limiting condition that affects @entity0 aged 5-15 years, with symptoms of urethrorrhagia, @entity5 and haematuria. However, a proportion of @entity0 will remain symptomatic for several years, and may develop @entity4 (Poch et  al., 2007; Palagiri et  al., 2003). There is no universally effective treatment for IU, although various strategies have been employed. OBJECTIVE: To review the presentation and long-term outcomes of @entity0 with IU, and present the efficacy of management strategies that have been utilised. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was performed of all @entity0 with IU. It was based on clinical and cystoscopic findings for presentation, medical history, management and clinical progress. RESULTS: Fifty-four @entity0 were included, with a median age of 11 years (range 5-15 years) at presentation. The median duration of symptoms was 18 months (range 2-132 months). The median follow-up was 18.5 months (range 1-120 months). Seven (13.0%) @entity0 had early @entity4 at initial cystourethroscopy, and one (1.9%) developed stricture during follow-up. Thirty-six @entity0 (66.7%) had previous circumcision and four (7.4%) had @entity2 . Eight (14.8%) had @entity3 repair. CONCLUSION: Whilst 50% of @entity0 with IU do not require any specific treatment, those with severe/unremitting symptoms may benefit from a trial of urethral @entity1 or short-term urethral catheterisation. The mechanisms of benefit from these modalities are unclear and they require further evaluation.

title: Management strategies for idiopathic XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In most animals, ageing is associated with a decline in immune function (immune senescence). However, different components of the immune system seem to age differentially, and many studies do not measure the ultimate fitness consequences of immune function after @entity0 . Previous work shows that immune function may be traded off with other fitness components such as reproduction. It is possible that age alters the nature of these trade-offs, particularly in conjunction with factors such as gender and mating that can also affect investment in immune function. We tested the impact of age, sex and mating on post- @entity0 survivorship in @entity2 flour beetles, as well as the components of baseline constitutive innate immunity and external (secreted) immune function in uninfected individuals. We also tested whether the reproductive ability of uninfected females is traded off with immune function (baseline innate and external immunity) and post- @entity0 survivorship across age groups. We found that age, sex and mating significantly affected immune components and @entity0 outcome, although the magnitude and nature of the impact varied in each case. We found that older beetles were more susceptible to @entity0 by the pathogen @entity3 even though major components of the constitutive innate immune defence (antibacterial and phenoloxidase activity) remained unchanged or improved with age. Thus, these aspects of innate immunity cannot explain the observed decline in post- @entity0 survival of older beetles. We did not find trade-offs between the reproductive ability of uninfected females and their immune function. In contrast to innate immunity, external immunity showed an overall decline with age but was also affected by sex and mating. Finally, we show that @entity1 alters external immunity via complex interactions between age, sex and mating status. Our work uncovers novel interactions between age, sex and mating that can determine the evolution and outcome of immunosenescence by affecting the time course of relative investment in different immune and fitness components.

title: Immunosenescence and the ability to survive XXXX in the @entity2 @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In most animals, ageing is associated with a decline in immune function (immune senescence). However, different components of the immune system seem to age differentially, and many studies do not measure the ultimate fitness consequences of immune function after @entity0 . Previous work shows that immune function may be traded off with other fitness components such as reproduction. It is possible that age alters the nature of these trade-offs, particularly in conjunction with factors such as gender and mating that can also affect investment in immune function. We tested the impact of age, sex and mating on post- @entity0 survivorship in @entity2 flour beetles, as well as the components of baseline constitutive innate immunity and external (secreted) immune function in uninfected individuals. We also tested whether the reproductive ability of uninfected females is traded off with immune function (baseline innate and external immunity) and post- @entity0 survivorship across age groups. We found that age, sex and mating significantly affected immune components and @entity0 outcome, although the magnitude and nature of the impact varied in each case. We found that older beetles were more susceptible to @entity0 by the pathogen @entity3 even though major components of the constitutive innate immune defence (antibacterial and phenoloxidase activity) remained unchanged or improved with age. Thus, these aspects of innate immunity cannot explain the observed decline in post- @entity0 survival of older beetles. We did not find trade-offs between the reproductive ability of uninfected females and their immune function. In contrast to innate immunity, external immunity showed an overall decline with age but was also affected by sex and mating. Finally, we show that @entity1 alters external immunity via complex interactions between age, sex and mating status. Our work uncovers novel interactions between age, sex and mating that can determine the evolution and outcome of immunosenescence by affecting the time course of relative investment in different immune and fitness components.

title: Immunosenescence and the ability to survive @entity1 in the XXXX @entity2 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In most animals, ageing is associated with a decline in immune function (immune senescence). However, different components of the immune system seem to age differentially, and many studies do not measure the ultimate fitness consequences of immune function after @entity0 . Previous work shows that immune function may be traded off with other fitness components such as reproduction. It is possible that age alters the nature of these trade-offs, particularly in conjunction with factors such as gender and mating that can also affect investment in immune function. We tested the impact of age, sex and mating on post- @entity0 survivorship in @entity2 flour beetles, as well as the components of baseline constitutive innate immunity and external (secreted) immune function in uninfected individuals. We also tested whether the reproductive ability of uninfected females is traded off with immune function (baseline innate and external immunity) and post- @entity0 survivorship across age groups. We found that age, sex and mating significantly affected immune components and @entity0 outcome, although the magnitude and nature of the impact varied in each case. We found that older beetles were more susceptible to @entity0 by the pathogen @entity3 even though major components of the constitutive innate immune defence (antibacterial and phenoloxidase activity) remained unchanged or improved with age. Thus, these aspects of innate immunity cannot explain the observed decline in post- @entity0 survival of older beetles. We did not find trade-offs between the reproductive ability of uninfected females and their immune function. In contrast to innate immunity, external immunity showed an overall decline with age but was also affected by sex and mating. Finally, we show that @entity1 alters external immunity via complex interactions between age, sex and mating status. Our work uncovers novel interactions between age, sex and mating that can determine the evolution and outcome of immunosenescence by affecting the time course of relative investment in different immune and fitness components.

title: Immunosenescence and the ability to survive @entity1 in the @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: We analyzed clinical data to evaluate the effectiveness of image-guided high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy (HDR-ISBT) for pelvic recurrence of uterine @entity1 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 2003 and 2011, 56 @entity0 were treated with HDR-ISBT with or without external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). The median followup time was 33 months (range, 1-109 months). Pre-ISBT treatments included radical hysterectomy for 35 @entity0 (Group A), radical hysterectomy with postoperative radiotherapy for 8 @entity0 (Group B), and radical radiotherapy for 13 @entity0 (Group C). We initiated MRI-assisted CT-based planning for the last 49 @entity0 . The median ISBT single fraction dose was 6  Gy. The median total doses were 30 and 54  Gy with and without EBRT (range, 30-50  Gy) for Group A, respectively and 48  Gy without EBRT for Groups B and C. RESULTS: The 3-year local control (LC) rates were 85%, 75%, and 46% for Groups A, B, and C, respectively (p  =  0.017). The 3-year LC rates were 84%, 73%, and 33% for clinical target volume at the time of HDR-ISBT of <10, 10-29, and >= 30  cc, respectively (p  =  0.005). The 3-year LC results tended to be higher for @entity0 whose D100 (clinical target volume) was equal or higher than 67.1  Gy (p  =  0.098). A total of 13 late complications of Grades 3-5 occurred in 11 @entity0 (20%). CONCLUSIONS: Our image-guided HDR-ISBT for pelvic recurrence of uterine @entity1 provided good treatment outcomes. The treatment results for @entity0 who underwent radical surgery with or without postoperative radiotherapy are better than those for @entity0 who underwent radical radiotherapy.

title: Treatment results of image-guided high-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy for pelvic recurrence of uterine XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although new-generation drug-eluting stents represent the standard of care among @entity0 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, there remains debate about differences in efficacy and the risk of stent @entity3 between the Resolute @entity5 -eluting stent (R-ZES) and the @entity4 -eluting stent (EES). The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the R-ZES compared with EES in @entity0 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic literature search of electronic resources was performed using specific search terms until September 2014. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed comparing clinical outcomes between @entity0 treated with R-ZES and EES up to maximum available follow-up. The primary efficacy end point was target-vessel revascularization. The primary safety end point was definite or probable stent @entity3 . Secondary safety end points were @entity1 and @entity2 . Five trials were identified, including a total of 9899 @entity0 . Compared with EES, R-ZES had similar risks of target-vessel revascularization (risk ratio [RR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-1.24; P=0.50), definite or probable stent @entity3 (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.86-1.85; P=0.24), @entity1 (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.79-1.30; P=0.91), and @entity2 (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.89-1.36; P=0.39). Moreover, R-ZES and EES had similar risks of late definite or probable very late stent @entity3 (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.53-2.11; P=0.87). No evidence of significant heterogeneity was observed across trials. CONCLUSIONS: R-ZES and EES provide similar safety and efficacy among @entity0 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

title: Safety and efficacy of resolute XXXX -eluting stents compared with @entity4 -eluting stents: a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although new-generation drug-eluting stents represent the standard of care among @entity0 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, there remains debate about differences in efficacy and the risk of stent @entity3 between the Resolute @entity5 -eluting stent (R-ZES) and the @entity4 -eluting stent (EES). The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the R-ZES compared with EES in @entity0 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic literature search of electronic resources was performed using specific search terms until September 2014. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed comparing clinical outcomes between @entity0 treated with R-ZES and EES up to maximum available follow-up. The primary efficacy end point was target-vessel revascularization. The primary safety end point was definite or probable stent @entity3 . Secondary safety end points were @entity1 and @entity2 . Five trials were identified, including a total of 9899 @entity0 . Compared with EES, R-ZES had similar risks of target-vessel revascularization (risk ratio [RR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.90-1.24; P=0.50), definite or probable stent @entity3 (RR, 1.26; 95% CI, 0.86-1.85; P=0.24), @entity1 (RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.79-1.30; P=0.91), and @entity2 (RR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.89-1.36; P=0.39). Moreover, R-ZES and EES had similar risks of late definite or probable very late stent @entity3 (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.53-2.11; P=0.87). No evidence of significant heterogeneity was observed across trials. CONCLUSIONS: R-ZES and EES provide similar safety and efficacy among @entity0 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

title: Safety and efficacy of resolute @entity5 -eluting stents compared with XXXX -eluting stents: a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Rest-activity circadian rhythm is strongly linked to an organism's entrainment. Sleep loss and prolonged @entity2 could affect the circadian system, inducing @entity4 . The Finnmarksl  pet is Europe's longest dogsled race. In this competition, lasting up to 7 days, @entity0 (mushers) are physically active most of the time, having little and fragmented rest. Therefore, the race provides an opportunity to investigate the effects of prolonged @entity1 . METHODS: Ten mushers, participating in the 500 km and 1,000 km categories, underwent continuous actigraph monitoring (5 days) before and after the race. During the competition, heart rate (HR) was recorded by an HR monitor. RESULTS: There was a reduction in the average activity values during the 24-hr cycle after the race. Although there were signs of a forward phase shift, these were weak and unstable. Nonparametric circadian rhythm analysis (NPCRA) showed reductions in interdaily stability (IS) and relative amplitude (RA). 1,000 km mushers also showed @entity1 . CONCLUSION: A period of 3 days of @entity3 (3-4 hr of total rest per day), in which subjects were engaged in a prolonged physical effort, was enough to significantly affect the rest-activity rhythm. A longer period (5 days) in such a condition induced even more accentuated alterations, with a disturbance in nocturnal sleep. Disrupted sleep is common among hospitalized @entity0 and those working long shifts. This study demonstrates changes in the structure of the rest-activity circadian rhythm that can result and may suggest opportunities for intervention.

title: Effects of XXXX and strenuous physical activity on the rest-activity circadian rhythm: a study on 500 km and 1,000 km dogsled racers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The combination of an irreparable tear of the rotator cuff and @entity2 joint may cause severe @entity1 , disability and loss of independence in the aged. Standard anatomical shoulder replacements depend on a functioning rotator cuff, and hence may fail in the presence of tears in the cuff. Many designs of non-anatomical constrained or semi-constrained prostheses have been developed for cuff tear @entity3 , but have proved unsatisfactory and were abandoned. The DePuy Delta III reverse prosthesis, designed by Grammont, medialises and stabilises the centre of rotation of the shoulder joint and has shown early promise. This study evaluated the mid-term clinical and radiological results of this arthroplasty in a consecutive series of 50 shoulders in 43 @entity0 with a @entity1 due to an irreparable cuff tear and @entity2 , performed over a period of seven years by a single surgeon. A follow-up of 98% was achieved, with a mean duration of 39 months (8 to 81). The mean age of the @entity0 at the time of surgery was 81 years (59 to 95). The female to male ratio was 5:1. During the seven years, six @entity0 died of natural causes. The clinical outcome was assessed using the American Shoulder and Elbow score, the Oxford Shoulder Score and the Short-form 36 score. A radiological review was performed using the Sirveaux score for scapular notching. The mean American Shoulder and Elbow score was 19 (95% confidence interval (CI) 14 to 23) pre-operatively, and 65 (95% CI 48 to 82) (paired t-test, p < 0.001) at final follow-up. The mean Oxford score was 44 (95% CI 40 to 51) pre-operatively and 23 (95% CI 18 to 28) (paired t-test, p < 0.001) at final follow-up. The mean maximum elevation improved from 55   pre-operatively to 105   at final follow-up. There were seven complications during the whole series, although only four @entity0 required further surgery.

title: The Delta III reverse shoulder replacement for cuff tear XXXX : a single-centre study of 50 consecutive procedures.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: It is difficult to confirm the location of an @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and to laparoscopically determine the appropriate resection line. We report a new technique for the resection of GISTs using the laparoscopic seromuscular dissection (LSD) technique, which can be preformed regardless of the @entity1 location. METHODS: Since 2009, 5 @entity0 have undergone LSD technique for the resection of an intraluminal @entity4 . The @entity1 location was confirmed endoscopically, and the exact resection line was marked laparoscopically. After 10% @entity3 was injected into the submucosal layer, LSD was performed circumferentially. The @entity1 was exteriorized into the abdominal cavity and dissected using a linear stapling device. RESULTS: The average operation time for this procedure was 134.4    18.6 min, and the mean estimated @entity2 was 10    8.9 ml. None of the 5 cases required open surgery. There was no @entity1 rupture or disruption or any other perioperative complications using this technique. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the LSD technique may be a safe and minimally invasive method for the resection of intraluminal GISTs, regardless of the @entity1 location.

title: A new method for XXXX resection using laparoscopic seromuscular dissection technique.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine changes in the bone marrow fat fraction (BMFF) in @entity1 after dietary intervention in comparison with changes in abdominal fat, liver fat, and serum lipids. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 (BMI 34.92        3.8 kg/m(2) ) @entity0 participated in a 4-week dietary intervention of 800 kcal/d plus additional vegetables. They underwent anthropometric and blood value measurements before and after the intervention. Abdominal 3T MRI was performed to measure changes in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume and single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure fat content changes in the liver and L5 vertebral body. RESULTS: The greatest relative change after dietary intervention was found in the liver (-40.3%), followed by VAT volume (-15.1%), serum lipids (-12.6 to -14.5%), and @entity2 volume (-8.5%). There were no statistically significant changes in BMFF after dietary intervention (P   =   0.39), but absolute changes in the BMFF were positively associated with @entity2 volume (r   =   0.489) and negatively associated with nonadipose tissue volume (r   =   -0.493) before dietary intervention. CONCLUSION: Bone marrow behaves differently compared to @entity2 volume, VAT volume, liver fat, and serum lipids after a 4-week dietary intervention in @entity1 and BMFF changes depend on abdominal tissue volumes before intervention. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: MR-detected changes in liver fat, abdominal fat, and vertebral bone marrow fat after a four-week calorie restriction in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine changes in the bone marrow fat fraction (BMFF) in @entity1 after dietary intervention in comparison with changes in abdominal fat, liver fat, and serum lipids. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity1 (BMI 34.92        3.8 kg/m(2) ) @entity0 participated in a 4-week dietary intervention of 800 kcal/d plus additional vegetables. They underwent anthropometric and blood value measurements before and after the intervention. Abdominal 3T MRI was performed to measure changes in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume and single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to measure fat content changes in the liver and L5 vertebral body. RESULTS: The greatest relative change after dietary intervention was found in the liver (-40.3%), followed by VAT volume (-15.1%), serum lipids (-12.6 to -14.5%), and @entity2 volume (-8.5%). There were no statistically significant changes in BMFF after dietary intervention (P   =   0.39), but absolute changes in the BMFF were positively associated with @entity2 volume (r   =   0.489) and negatively associated with nonadipose tissue volume (r   =   -0.493) before dietary intervention. CONCLUSION: Bone marrow behaves differently compared to @entity2 volume, VAT volume, liver fat, and serum lipids after a 4-week dietary intervention in @entity1 and BMFF changes depend on abdominal tissue volumes before intervention. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: MR-detected changes in liver fat, abdominal fat, and vertebral bone marrow fat after a four-week calorie restriction in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effect of chronic hyperestrogenism on gonadal function was studied in three @entity0 who had @entity3 -secreting Leydig cell tumors before unilateral orchidectomy and for 11-43 months after surgery. All three @entity0 had low plasma gonadotropin and @entity4 levels and increased @entity2 levels. Impairment of testicular steroidogenesis was also suggested by increased @entity5 to @entity7 and @entity7 to @entity6 ratios in both spermatic venous plasma and the medium of Leydig @entity1 cells from one @entity0 incubated in vitro. Before surgery, spermatogenesis was abnormal in two @entity0 . Testicular endocrine function and spermatogenesis did not return to normal after surgery. During the follow-up period, plasma gonadotropin levels were high in all three @entity0 , and @entity4 was low normal. @entity2 levels decreased to normal immediately after surgery and then returned to the upper normal limit. The response to hCG stimulation in one @entity0 was subnormal. We conclude that chronic hyperestrogenism produced hypothalamo-pituitary inhibition as well as direct steroidogenic blockade at the testicular level. Long term impairment of both endocrine and exocrine testicular functions may be secondary to slowly reversible (or irreversible) @entity3 -induced damage to tubular and Leydig cells.

title: Feminizing testicular Leydig cell XXXX : hormonal profile before and after unilateral orchidectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Peripheral blood and bone marrow were studied in 21 @entity0 with disseminated untreated @entity1 in an attempt to define abnormalities of erythropoiesis associated with the development of @entity2 . Haemoglobin concentration at or below 13 g/dl was present in 13 cases. Marrow morphology was normal in all cases except one, in which small numbers of @entity1 cells were found. Clonal assay of erythroid progenitors showed a significant decrease in the number of BFU-E (p = 0.03) and CFU-E (p = 0.01) compared with cultures from normal marrow (12 subjects). The growth of granulocyte and macrophage progenitors (GM-CFCs) was similar in @entity0 with @entity1 and normal subjects. When normal marrow was incubated in the presence of serum from @entity1 @entity0 , no inhibitory factors could be detected either for BFU-E or CFU-E growth. In all @entity0 circulating T8 numbers were significantly raised (p = 0.0002). Consequently, the median T4:T8 ratio in blood was 1.2, and this was significantly lower than the ratio of 1.7 found in 20 normal subjects (p = 0.036). In 18 @entity0 the bone marrow T4:T8 ratio of 1.1 was significantly lower than the ratio of 2.9 found in seven normal subjects (p = 0.04). Total blood white cell counts, neutrophils, and monocyte numbers were also increased (p = 0.0001; p = 0.0001; p = 0.002).

title: Reduced in vitro erythroid progenitor cell growth in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) describes the transfer of immune stimulation to the next generation. As stress and immunity are closely connected, we here address the question whether trans-generational effects on immunity and resistance can also be elicited by a nonpathogen stress treatment of parents. General stressors have been shown to induce immunity to pathogens within individuals. However, to our knowledge, it is as of yet unknown whether stress can also induce trans-generational effects on immunity and resistance. We exposed a parental generation (mothers, fathers, or both parents) of the @entity3 @entity3 , a species where @entity0 has been previously been demonstrated, to either a brief heat or @entity1 and examined offspring survival after @entity2 with the entomopathogen @entity4 . We also studied phenoloxidase activity, a key enzyme of the insect innate immune system that has previously been demonstrated to be up-regulated upon @entity0 . We quantified parental fecundity and offspring developmental time to evaluate whether trans-generational priming might have costs. Offspring resistance was found to be significantly increased when both parents received a @entity1 . Offspring phenoloxidase activity was also higher when mothers or both parents were cold-shocked. By contrast, parental @entity1 reduced offspring phenoloxidase activity. Moreover, parental cold or @entity1 delayed offspring development. In sum, we conclude that trans-generational priming for resistance could not only be elicited by pathogens or pathogen-derived components, but also by more general cues that are indicative of a stressful environment. The interaction between stress responses and the immune system might play an important role also for trans-generational effects.

title: A temperature shock can lead to trans-generational immune priming in the XXXX , @entity3 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) describes the transfer of immune stimulation to the next generation. As stress and immunity are closely connected, we here address the question whether trans-generational effects on immunity and resistance can also be elicited by a nonpathogen stress treatment of parents. General stressors have been shown to induce immunity to pathogens within individuals. However, to our knowledge, it is as of yet unknown whether stress can also induce trans-generational effects on immunity and resistance. We exposed a parental generation (mothers, fathers, or both parents) of the @entity3 @entity3 , a species where @entity0 has been previously been demonstrated, to either a brief heat or @entity1 and examined offspring survival after @entity2 with the entomopathogen @entity4 . We also studied phenoloxidase activity, a key enzyme of the insect innate immune system that has previously been demonstrated to be up-regulated upon @entity0 . We quantified parental fecundity and offspring developmental time to evaluate whether trans-generational priming might have costs. Offspring resistance was found to be significantly increased when both parents received a @entity1 . Offspring phenoloxidase activity was also higher when mothers or both parents were cold-shocked. By contrast, parental @entity1 reduced offspring phenoloxidase activity. Moreover, parental cold or @entity1 delayed offspring development. In sum, we conclude that trans-generational priming for resistance could not only be elicited by pathogens or pathogen-derived components, but also by more general cues that are indicative of a stressful environment. The interaction between stress responses and the immune system might play an important role also for trans-generational effects.

title: A temperature shock can lead to trans-generational immune priming in the @entity3 , XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 undergoing chronic hemodialysis are at risk of @entity1 and often develop @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Twenty-four-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is known to better predict @entity1 than casual blood pressure (BP) measurement. Given the BP variability attributed to interdialytic fluid overload, 44-h ABPM should @entity1 in pediatric hemodialysis @entity0 . METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 17 @entity0 (16.7    2.9 years) on chronic hemodialysis underwent 44-h interdialytic ABPM and routine echocardiogram. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was calculated by height-based equation; @entity3 was defined as an LVMI in the >= 95th percentile for height-age and gender. @entity2 was defined by the recommendations of the Fourth Report of the National High Blood Pressure Education Program for casual measurements, and by those of the American Heart Association for ABPM. RESULTS: Twenty-four percentage of @entity0 were @entity2 by casual post-dialytic systolic BP, whereas 59% were @entity2 by ABPM. Eighty-eight percentage of @entity0 had abnormal cardiac geometry: 53% had @entity3 . Thirty-five percentage (6 of 17) had masked @entity2 , including four with abnormal cardiac geometry, of which, three had @entity3 . LVMI correlated with ABPM, but not with casual measurements. Strongest correlations with an increased LVMI were with 44-h diastolic BP: at night (r = 0.53, P = 0.03) and total load (r = 0.57, P = 0.02). @entity3 was similarly associated with 44-h nighttime BP: systolic (P = 0.02), diastolic (P = 0.01) and mean arterial (P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Casual BP measurement underestimates @entity2 in pediatric hemodialysis @entity0 and does not correlate well with indicators of @entity1 . In contrast, 44-h interdialytic ABPM better characterizes @entity2 , with nighttime parameters most strongly predicting increased LVMI and @entity3 .

title: Forty-four-hour interdialytic ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and cardiovascular risk in pediatric hemodialysis XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the caries risk based on the salivary levels of @entity1 in @entity0 of 6-12 years of age group before and after consuming probiotic ice-cream containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 and @entity2 La-5. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A double blind, placebo controlled trial was carried out in 60 @entity0 aged between 6 to 12 years with zero decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT). They were randomly divided into two equal groups. Saliva sample were collected before the consumption of ice-cream and @entity1 count was calculated and recorded as baseline data. For the next seven days both the groups were given ice creams marked as A and B. Saliva samples were collected after ice-cream consumption at the end of study period and also after a washout period of 30 days and again after six months. Samples were inoculated and colonies were counted. RESULTS: On statistical evaluation by students paired t-test, probiotic ice-cream brought significant reduction in the @entity1 count after seven days of ice-cream ingestion (p<0.001) and also after 30 d of washout period (p<0.001). There was no significant reduction (p=0.076) by normal ice-cream consumption. After six months of the study period in both the groups the salivary levels of @entity1 was similar to the baseline. CONCLUSION: Probiotic ice-cream containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 and @entity2 La-5 can cause reduction in caries causative organism. The dosage of the probiotic organisms for the long term or synergetic effect on the oral health are still needed to be explored.

title: Effect of Probiotic Containing Ice-cream on Salivary Mutans Streptococci (SMS) Levels in XXXX of 6-12 Years of Age: A Randomized Controlled Double Blind Study with Six-months Follow Up.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although @entity4 (IM) in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) remains the best example of successful targeted therapy, majority of @entity0 with @entity2 suffer its @entity1 profile and develop chemoresistance to existing therapeutic agents. Thus, there is a need to develop novel alternative therapies for the treatment of @entity2 . Here, we investigated whether Korean red @entity5 extract (KRGE) could suppress the proliferation and induce chemosensitization in @entity0 @entity2 cells. Also, we used a human phospho-antibody array containing 46 antibodies against signaling molecules to examine a subset of phosphorylation events after treatment. Korean red @entity5 extract broadly suppressed the proliferation of five different cell lines, but KRGE was found to be the most potent inducer of apoptosis against KBM-5 cells. It also abrogated the expression of Bcl-2 ( @entity3 2), Bcl-xL ( @entity3 -extra large), survivin, inhibitors of apoptosis protein 1/2, COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2), cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor), as well as upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic gene products. Interestingly, KRGE also enhanced the cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of IM in KBM-5 cells. The combination treatment of KRGE and IM caused pronounced suppression of p38 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 phosphorylation and induced phosphorylation of p53 compared with the individual treatment. Our results demonstrate that KRGE can enhance the anticancer activity of IM and may have a substantial potential in the treatment of @entity2 . Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Korean Red XXXX Extract Enhances the Anticancer Effects of @entity4 Mesylate Through Abrogation p38 and STAT5 Activation in KBM-5 Cells.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although @entity4 (IM) in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) remains the best example of successful targeted therapy, majority of @entity0 with @entity2 suffer its @entity1 profile and develop chemoresistance to existing therapeutic agents. Thus, there is a need to develop novel alternative therapies for the treatment of @entity2 . Here, we investigated whether Korean red @entity5 extract (KRGE) could suppress the proliferation and induce chemosensitization in @entity0 @entity2 cells. Also, we used a human phospho-antibody array containing 46 antibodies against signaling molecules to examine a subset of phosphorylation events after treatment. Korean red @entity5 extract broadly suppressed the proliferation of five different cell lines, but KRGE was found to be the most potent inducer of apoptosis against KBM-5 cells. It also abrogated the expression of Bcl-2 ( @entity3 2), Bcl-xL ( @entity3 -extra large), survivin, inhibitors of apoptosis protein 1/2, COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2), cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor), as well as upregulated the expression of pro-apoptotic gene products. Interestingly, KRGE also enhanced the cytotoxic and apoptotic effect of IM in KBM-5 cells. The combination treatment of KRGE and IM caused pronounced suppression of p38 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 phosphorylation and induced phosphorylation of p53 compared with the individual treatment. Our results demonstrate that KRGE can enhance the anticancer activity of IM and may have a substantial potential in the treatment of @entity2 . Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Korean Red @entity5 Extract Enhances the Anticancer Effects of XXXX Mesylate Through Abrogation p38 and STAT5 Activation in KBM-5 Cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Photodamaged connective tissue in animal and @entity0 skin is characterized by excessive accumulations of elastic fibers, loss of mature collagen, concomitant overproduction of new collagen, and greatly increased levels of glycosaminoglycans. Formerly considered irreversible changes, we recently showed in hairless @entity1 , post irradiation, that a band of normal connective tissue was laid down subepidermally. The present studies focused on 2 aspects of this repair: whether repair would occur if animals were protected by sunscreens after dermal damage was induced and irradiation continued; whether @entity2 could enhance the repair process. To examine the first aspect, albino hairless @entity1 were irradiated with Westinghouse FS 20 sunlamps thrice weekly for 30 weeks. Sunscreens of high sun-protection factors were applied after 10 and 20 weeks. Not only was further damage prevented, but the damage incurred before sunscreen application was repaired. This appeared as subepidermal reconstruction zones containing normal, mature collagen and a network of fine elastic fibers. The second aspect was examined by applying 0.05% @entity2 , topically, to animals preirradiated for 10 weeks. In contrast to controls treated with vehicle, the reconstruction zone was significantly wider in @entity2 -treated @entity1 . The enhanced repair was dose-related.

title: Connective tissue photodamage in the hairless XXXX is partially reversible.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two studies were conducted to assess natural killer (NK) cell activity in @entity1 @entity0 and healthy Ethiopian controls. The first study tested 26 untreated @entity1 @entity0 across the spectrum of the disease. It was found that @entity2 and all untreated, nonreactional @entity0 had lower NK activity than healthy controls. However, @entity0 presenting with reversal reaction (RR) had NK activity within the normal range. Heterogeneity was particularly marked in the NK activity of borderline @entity0 . In the second study, NK cell activity was assessed in treated @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity0 . There were 30 @entity0 with a history of RR and 27 @entity4 @entity0 without such a history (NR). All @entity0 had had at least 3 years of @entity3 treatment and 6 months of multidrug therapy. There were 26 control subjects. NK activity was higher in controls than in @entity0 only at one effector:target (E:T) ratio tested, but NK cells from the @entity4 @entity0 group appeared to be more "aggressive" in that there was significantly (p less than 0.001) less reduction of activity with dilution of effector cells. There were no significant differences in NK activity between RR and NR @entity0 . The NK activity of NR @entity0 was positively correlated with the size of induration of the lepromin response. We conclude that higher NK activity in acute RR would appear to be a consequence rather than a cause of reversal reactions.

title: Natural killer (NK) cell activity and reversal reaction in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical trial costs may be reduced by identifying enriched subpopulations of @entity0 with favorable risk profiles for the events of interest. However, increased selectivity affects accrual rates, with uncertain impact on clinical trial cost. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) 8794 randomized trial of adjuvant radiotherapy for high-risk @entity2 . The primary endpoint was @entity1 ( @entity1 ), defined as time to @entity1 or death from any cause (competing mortality). We used competing risks regression models to identify an enriched subgroup at high risk for @entity1 and low risk for competing mortality. We applied a cost model to estimate the impact of enrichment on trial cost and duration. RESULTS: The treatment effect on @entity1 was similar in the enriched subgroup (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.23-0.76) compared to the whole cohort (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.30-0.81) while the effect on competing mortality was not significant in the subgroup or the whole cohort (HR 0.70; 95% CI 0.39-1.23, vs. HR 0.94; 95% CI, 0.68-1.31). Due to the higher incidence of @entity1 relative to competing mortality in the enriched subgroup, the treatment effect on @entity1 was greater in the subgroup compared to the whole cohort (HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.36-0.82, vs. HR 0.77; 95% CI, 0.58-1.01). Trial cost was 75% less in the subgroup compared to the whole cohort ( 1.7million vs.  6.8million), and the trial duration was 30% shorter (8.4 vs. 12.0years). CONCLUSION: Competing event enrichment can reduce clinical trial cost and duration, without sacrificing generalizability.

title: Competing events and costs of clinical trials: Analysis of a randomized XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Estrella lausannensis is a new member of the Chlamydiales order. Like other @entity2 it is able to replicate in amoebae and in fish cell lines. A preliminary study investigating the pathogenic potential of @entity2 found a correlation between antibody response to E. lausannensis and @entity1 in @entity0 . To further investigate the pathogenic potential of E. lausannensis, we determined its ability to grow in @entity0 macrophages and its intracellular trafficking. The replication in macrophages resulted in viable E. lausannensis; however, it caused a significant cytopathic effect. The intracellular trafficking of E. lausannensis was analyzed by determining the interaction of the Estrella-containing inclusions with various endocytic markers as well as host organelles. The E. lausannensis inclusion escaped the endocytic pathway rapidly avoiding maturation into phagolysosomes by preventing both @entity5 and @entity3 accumulation. Compared to @entity4 , another @entity2 , the recruitment of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum was minimal for E. lausannensis inclusions. E. lausannensis appears to use a distinct source of nutrients and energy compared to other members of the Chlamydiales order. In conclusion, we hypothesize that E. lausannensis has a restricted growth in @entity0 macrophages, due to its reduced capacity to control programmed cell death.

title: Trafficking of Estrella lausannensis in XXXX Macrophages.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared cost of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) vs. repeat biopsy in detection of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity0 with prior negative findings on biopsy. METHODS: A decision tree model compared the strategy of office-based transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy (TRUS) for @entity0 with prior negative findings on biopsy with a strategy of initial MP-MRI with TRUS performed only in cases of abnormal results on imaging. Study end points were cost, number of biopsies, and @entity1 detected. Cost was based on Medicare reimbursement. @entity3 were incorporated into analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed by varying model assumptions. RESULTS: The baseline model with 24% @entity2 found that the overall cost for 100 @entity0 was  90,400 and  87,700 for TRUS and MP-MRI arms, respectively. The MP-MRI arm resulted in 73 fewer biopsies per 100 @entity0 but detected 4 fewer @entity1 (16 vs. 20.4) than the TRUS arm did. A lower risk of @entity2 resulted in lower costs for the MP-MRI arm and a small difference in detected @entity1 . At lower @entity1 rates, MP-MRI is superior to TRUS over a wide range of sensitivity and specificity of MRI. A lower sensitivity of MP-MRI decreases the cost of the MP-MRI, as fewer biopsies are performed, but this also reduces the number of @entity1 detected. CONCLUSIONS: The use of MP-MRI to select @entity0 for repeat biopsy reduced the number of biopsies needed by 73% but resulted in a few @entity1 being missed at lower cost when compared with the TRUS arm. Further studies are required to determine whether @entity1 missed represent clinically significant @entity1 .

title: Decision analysis model comparing cost of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging vs. repeat biopsy for detection of XXXX in @entity0 with prior negative findings on biopsy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared cost of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MP-MRI) vs. repeat biopsy in detection of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity0 with prior negative findings on biopsy. METHODS: A decision tree model compared the strategy of office-based transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy (TRUS) for @entity0 with prior negative findings on biopsy with a strategy of initial MP-MRI with TRUS performed only in cases of abnormal results on imaging. Study end points were cost, number of biopsies, and @entity1 detected. Cost was based on Medicare reimbursement. @entity3 were incorporated into analysis. Sensitivity analyses were performed by varying model assumptions. RESULTS: The baseline model with 24% @entity2 found that the overall cost for 100 @entity0 was  90,400 and  87,700 for TRUS and MP-MRI arms, respectively. The MP-MRI arm resulted in 73 fewer biopsies per 100 @entity0 but detected 4 fewer @entity1 (16 vs. 20.4) than the TRUS arm did. A lower risk of @entity2 resulted in lower costs for the MP-MRI arm and a small difference in detected @entity1 . At lower @entity1 rates, MP-MRI is superior to TRUS over a wide range of sensitivity and specificity of MRI. A lower sensitivity of MP-MRI decreases the cost of the MP-MRI, as fewer biopsies are performed, but this also reduces the number of @entity1 detected. CONCLUSIONS: The use of MP-MRI to select @entity0 for repeat biopsy reduced the number of biopsies needed by 73% but resulted in a few @entity1 being missed at lower cost when compared with the TRUS arm. Further studies are required to determine whether @entity1 missed represent clinically significant @entity1 .

title: Decision analysis model comparing cost of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging vs. repeat biopsy for detection of @entity2 in XXXX with prior negative findings on biopsy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In France, @entity0 milk banks pasteurize milk for the mother's own hospitalized baby (personalized milk) and for donation. There is specific legislation regulating the activity of @entity0 milk banks with bacterial screening of donor milk before and after pasteurization. Milk should be tested for @entity1 and total aerobic flora. Any sample of milk positive for aerobic flora and/or @entity1 before and/or after pasteurization should be discarded. The real pathogenicity of the total aerobic flora is actually debated as well as the usefulness of systematic postpasteurization screening. The aim of this study was to quantify milk losses related to prepasteurization contamination by total aerobic flora in a regional milk bank, to identify losses due to contamination with @entity1 or aerobic flora, and to analyze differences between centers. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study conducted in the regional @entity0 milk bank of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais area in France. Data were collected from six major centers providing 80% of the milk collected between June 2011 and June 2012. Variables were the volumes of personalized milk collected by each center, volumes of contaminated milk, and the type of bacteria identified. RESULTS: During the study period, the regional @entity0 milk bank treated 4715 L (liters) of personalized milk and 508 L (10.8%) were discarded due to bacteriological screening. Among these 508 L, 43% were discarded because of a prepasteurization contamination with aerobic flora, 55% because of a prepasteurization contamination with @entity1 , and 2% because of other pathogenic bacteria. Postpasteurization tests were positive in 25 samples (0.5%). Only five of these 25 samples were positive before pasteurization and in all cases with @entity1 . A total of 218 L were destroyed because of prepasteurization contamination with total aerobic flora, while the postpasteurization culture was sterile. There was a great difference between centers in the percentage of discarded milk and the type of contamination. The percentage of discarded milk varied from 4 to 16% (P<0.001) and the percentage of prepasteurization positive samples with aerobic flora from 0 to 70% (P<0.001). Costing 80    /L in France, this represented an economic loss of    17,440. CONCLUSION: A significant volume of milk is discarded because of contamination with total aerobic flora found only in prepasteurization tests. Reassessment of the French regulations with regard to microbiological safety could save @entity0 milk to cover the needs of a larger group of preterm babies.

title: [Contamination of XXXX milk with aerobic flora: Evaluation of losses for a @entity0 milk bank].

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In France, @entity0 milk banks pasteurize milk for the mother's own hospitalized baby (personalized milk) and for donation. There is specific legislation regulating the activity of @entity0 milk banks with bacterial screening of donor milk before and after pasteurization. Milk should be tested for @entity1 and total aerobic flora. Any sample of milk positive for aerobic flora and/or @entity1 before and/or after pasteurization should be discarded. The real pathogenicity of the total aerobic flora is actually debated as well as the usefulness of systematic postpasteurization screening. The aim of this study was to quantify milk losses related to prepasteurization contamination by total aerobic flora in a regional milk bank, to identify losses due to contamination with @entity1 or aerobic flora, and to analyze differences between centers. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study conducted in the regional @entity0 milk bank of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais area in France. Data were collected from six major centers providing 80% of the milk collected between June 2011 and June 2012. Variables were the volumes of personalized milk collected by each center, volumes of contaminated milk, and the type of bacteria identified. RESULTS: During the study period, the regional @entity0 milk bank treated 4715 L (liters) of personalized milk and 508 L (10.8%) were discarded due to bacteriological screening. Among these 508 L, 43% were discarded because of a prepasteurization contamination with aerobic flora, 55% because of a prepasteurization contamination with @entity1 , and 2% because of other pathogenic bacteria. Postpasteurization tests were positive in 25 samples (0.5%). Only five of these 25 samples were positive before pasteurization and in all cases with @entity1 . A total of 218 L were destroyed because of prepasteurization contamination with total aerobic flora, while the postpasteurization culture was sterile. There was a great difference between centers in the percentage of discarded milk and the type of contamination. The percentage of discarded milk varied from 4 to 16% (P<0.001) and the percentage of prepasteurization positive samples with aerobic flora from 0 to 70% (P<0.001). Costing 80    /L in France, this represented an economic loss of    17,440. CONCLUSION: A significant volume of milk is discarded because of contamination with total aerobic flora found only in prepasteurization tests. Reassessment of the French regulations with regard to microbiological safety could save @entity0 milk to cover the needs of a larger group of preterm babies.

title: [Contamination of @entity0 milk with aerobic flora: Evaluation of losses for a XXXX milk bank].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Recent research on the visual system has focused on investigating the relationship among eye (ocular), orbital, and visual cortical anatomy in @entity0 . This issue is relevant in evolutionary and medical fields. In terms of evolution, only in modern @entity0 and @entity4 are the orbits positioned beneath the frontal lobes, with consequent structural constraints. In terms of medicine, such constraints can be associated with @entity2 , and patterns of integration among these features, and in association with the frontal lobes, are important to consider in reconstructive surgery. Further study is therefore necessary to establish how these variables are related, and to what extent ocular size is associated with orbital and cerebral cortical volumes. Relationships among these anatomical components were investigated using magnetic resonance images from a large sample of 83 individuals, which also included each subject's body height, age, sex, and uncorrected visual acuity score. Occipital and frontal gyri volumes were calculated using two different @entity5 tools in order to provide a better understanding of how the eye and orbit vary in relation to @entity2 which are not directly related to visual processing. Results indicated that ocular and orbital volumes were weakly correlated, and that eye volume explains only a small proportion of the variance in orbital volume. Ocular and orbital volumes were also found to be equally and, in most cases, more highly correlated with @entity1 than with occipital lobe gyri associated with V1, V2, and V3 of the visual cortex. Additionally, after accounting for age and sex variation, the relationship between @entity2 was no longer statistically significant, but remained significantly related to @entity1 . The relationship between orbital and visual cortical volumes remained significant for a number of occipital lobe gyri even after accounting for these cofactors, but was again found to be more highly correlated with the frontal cortex than with the occipital cortex. These results indicate that eye volume explains only a small amount of @entity3 and orbit are generally more structurally associated with the frontal lobes than they are functionally associated with the @entity2 . Results also demonstrate that these components of the visual system are highly complex and influenced by a multitude of factors in @entity0 .

title: Analysis of the volumetric relationship among XXXX ocular, orbital and fronto-occipital cortical morphology.

answer: @entity0