abstract: Post-transplant protocols for @entity2 ( @entity1 ) prophylaxis using high-dose intravenous @entity2 immune globulin (10,000 IU) with or without @entity3 are commonly reported. Our centre has previously reported a low-dose intramuscular (i.m.) protocol and @entity3 with excellent results. There have been, however, no pharmacokinetic studies of i.m. @entity2 immune globulin (HBIG) in this setting. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of i.m. HBIG in long-term post-liver-transplant recipients to determine a rational dosing protocol. Six stable liver transplant recipients receiving monthly i.m. HBIG injections for greater than one year were enrolled in this study. All @entity0 had no detectable @entity1 DNA levels. HBIG titers (anti-HBs) were measured predose, then three times weekly for four weeks and then twice weekly until the serum HBIG titers were 100 IU/L or less. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartment methods. The mean time to maximum concentration was 10.5 d (range 4-20 d) and the mean half-life was 20 d (range 13.5-23.5 d). Based on these pharmacokinetic parameters in stable long-term post-transplant @entity0 , a rational dosing protocol was developed that allows for more appropriate utility of HBIG and improved @entity0 convenience.

title: A study of the pharmacokinetic profile of low-dose @entity2 immune globulin in long-term liver transplant recipients for chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study evaluated the effectiveness of distal tarsal tunnel release with a @entity3 for chronic @entity1 in @entity0 who failed nonoperative management through a retrospective review of all @entity0 undergoing this procedure between 1994 and 1999. Distal tarsal tunnel release and a @entity3 were offered only to those @entity0 with disabling @entity1 and were performed under general anesthesia or @entity2 . Seventy-five @entity0 (80 heels), averaging 20 months of nonoperative treatment, were identified (group I). Postoperative outcome questionnaires (SF-36 and Foot Function Index [FFI]) were sent to these @entity0 and 44 (46 heels) responded (group II). In group I, 88% of @entity0 had a good to excellent result. Many continued with mild to moderate residual symptoms, which typically did not limit their activity. In group II, 91% of @entity0 were somewhat to very satisfied with their outcome. Visual analogue scale scores for @entity1 were reduced by a mean of 55. SF-36 scores, matched against a control group of @entity0 receiving just nonoperative treatment, showed a statistically significant improvement in all @entity1 and functioning subcategories. We conclude that a distal tarsal tunnel release with a @entity3 may successfully increase function and decrease @entity1 in @entity0 who fail nonoperative treatment.

title: Distal tarsal tunnel release with XXXX for chronic heel pain: an outcome analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this study was to describe cohort differences in health indicators among four birth cohorts of 70-year old @entity0 and @entity0 from G  teborg, Sweden, born in 1901/2, 1905/6, 1911/12, and 1922. With special reference to gender, education, and @entity2 , it is hypothesized that changes in health among elderly @entity0 and @entity0 may not be occurring in a uniform manner. The variables studied were: systolic and diastolic blood pressures, @entity7 , @entity4 , height, weight, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, physical inactivity, current smoking, and @entity5 consumption, plus selected prevalent diseases. Logistic and linear regression models were used to test for secular trends and effect modification by gender. Most trends in metabolic and lifestyle indicators varied in relation to gender as well as education. For instance, later-born male cohorts were more overweight than earlier-born groups while the later-born female cohorts had similar relative weights but a more centralized fat patterning. These cohort differences further varied by education where later-born @entity0 with less education and later-born @entity0 with higher education tended to be more overweight, compared to earlier-born cohorts. Finally, significant cohort differences in previously diagnosed @entity6 , @entity3 , and @entity1 at age 70 were observed in @entity0 only. Interaction terms revealed that the gender difference was statistically significant only in the case of @entity1 . In conclusion, secular trends in many @entity2 -related health indicators among 70-year old Swedish cohorts were dependent on both gender and socio-economic factors.

title: Cohort differences in XXXX -related health indicators among 70-year olds with special reference to gender and education.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to assess whether contrast-enhanced MR angiography is able to predict the degree of @entity2 within a clinically acceptable margin of error, thereby decreasing the need for angiography. In addition, we sought to assess whether adding ultrasound peak systolic velocity (PSV) as an additional regressor improves the accuracy of prediction. METHODS: A retrospective review of our institution's records for a 4-year period was conducted to identify all @entity0 who had undergone evaluation of their carotid arteries using digital subtraction angiography, contrast-enhanced MR angiography, and ultrasonography. All internal carotid artery stenoses ranging from 10% to 90% at carotid angiography were selected (n = 22). Measurements were then obtained based on the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial style by using the digital subtraction angiograms and contrast-enhanced MR angiograms in a blinded fashion. The correlation between digital subtraction angiography data and contrast-enhanced MR angiography data was assessed by conducting linear regression analysis. Multiple regression analysis was then conducted to determine whether the inclusion of ultrasound PSV as an additional regressor increased the accuracy of prediction. RESULTS: The correlation between the degree of @entity3 measured by digital subtraction angiography and that measured by contrast-enhanced MR angiography was r = 0.967. The 95% confidence interval for the line of means showed @entity1 , ranging as low as +/-2.8%. The 95% confidence interval for individual prediction of @entity3 based on a given contrast-enhanced MR angiographic measurement, however, was significantly larger, being no less than +/-13.6%. With the inclusion of PSV, the adjusted correlation was r = 0.965. CONCLUSION: A clear linear relationship exists between digital subtraction angiographic and contrast-enhanced MR angiographic measurements of @entity2 . Increasing severity of @entity3 as measured by contrast-enhanced MR angiography corresponds to increasing severity at angiography. Although the predictive value of contrast-enhanced MR angiography is excellent in the mean, it is less reliable for predicting the degree of @entity3 in the individual @entity0 , showing rather wide confidence intervals. Furthermore, the inclusion of PSV as an additional regressor does not improve the predictive accuracy beyond that of contrast-enhanced MR angiography alone.

title: Accuracy of contrast-enhanced MR angiography in predicting XXXX : linear regression analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe 34 cases of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) treated at Charing Cross Hospital over 25 years. STUDY DESIGN: Between 1975 and 2001, 1,685 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were treated; 34 of them had @entity3 (2%). The computer database clinical notes and the pathology reports were accessed to obtain data on this @entity0 group. The data were subsequently analyzed using Excel computer software. RESULTS: The mean age of the group was 33 years (95% CI 25-41). The antecedent pregnancy was a full-term, normal one in 18 cases (53%), a molar pregnancy in 7 (21%) and a missed abortion in 5 (15%). The mean interval from the last pregnancy to diagnosis was 3.4 years (95% CI 1.9-4.9). The range of serum hCG concentrations at diagnosis was 0-58,000, 79% with levels < 1,000 and 58% < 500. hCG was raised in all with active disease. The most frequent presenting complaint was @entity4 , in 27 cases (79%). At diagnosis, the disease was localized to the uterus in 15 (44%); there was pelvic involvement in 8 (24%) and lung secondaries in 10 (29%). All seven @entity1 were disease related (21%); all had lung secondaries and presented more than four years since the last pregnancy. Excluding the seven @entity1 , the primary treatment was surgery alone in 10 cases (37%) (8 hysterectomies and 2 dilatation and curettages); 4 had surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy; 5 had neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery; 1 had chemotherapy alone, and the disease recurred and was successfully rechallenged; and 5 had surgery between chemotherapy cycles. The most common regimens consisted of EMA/CO and EP/EMA. CONCLUSION: Risk factors for @entity1 include lung metastatic involvement (50%) and an antecedent pregnancy interval of four years or more (100%). In contrast, those with no extrapelvic disease or a pregnancy interval of less than four years had 100% survival. In two-thirds of @entity0 with disease limited to the uterus, surgery alone was curative. The WHO scoring system for @entity2 did not correlate with this outcome. @entity0 with @entity3 should be managed separately from those with other types of @entity2 , as the disease behavior is different.

title: Twenty-five years' clinical experience with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity8 is a @entity3 that occurs in both males and females and is associated with a variety of clinical and neuroradiologic signs. A gene called @entity7 ( @entity7 ) has recently been identified. We review the clinical and imaging findings from a series of pediatric @entity0 with @entity8 . Five @entity0 (three males and two females; age range = 4-18 years) were investigated. In our series, @entity8 can be the common denominator in different conditions. @entity8 can occur alone or be associated with cortical @entity3 . @entity2 was present in three of the five @entity0 and was resistant to drugs in one female. @entity4 was present in three of the five @entity0 . Two male @entity0 had normal intelligence, with no @entity1 ; @entity0 3 had @entity8 . The associated @entity3 were more severe in the female @entity0 and slight only in @entity0 1. The two females @entity5 rarely reported in association with @entity6 . We believe that other genes can be involved in @entity0 with atypical @entity8 . No mutations were detected in 6 of the 48 exons of the @entity7 gene, although this does not allow any definitive conclusions to be reached. We conclude that our series of @entity0 with @entity8 clearly highlights the complexity of the clinical, neurologic, and neuroradiologic characteristics associated with this @entity3 .

title: XXXX : report of a pediatric series.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The hollow fiber test has been developed for the preliminary in vivo assessment of @entity1 chemotherapeutic efficacy of selected natural products. Using this model, we have established growth conditions for HL-60, HUVEC, Ishikawa, KB, KB-V1, LNCaP, @entity5 , MCF-7, Mel2, @entity2 , and @entity0 cells implanted at the intraperitoneal (i.p.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) compartments of athymic @entity2 . Five cytotoxic natural product isolates (2-6) were tested in this model, along with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (1). Among the compounds tested, @entity4 (2) and @entity6 (3) were found to be active, indicating their potential to function as @entity1 chemotherapeutic agents. On the other hand, @entity7 (4), @entity8 (5), and @entity9 (6), all of which were significantly cytotoxic to cultured @entity0 cells, did not mediate significant responses with the hollow fiber model. In further xenograft studies using KB cells implanted at the subcutaneous site, compound 3 mediated a statistically significant response which was consistent with the response observed at the subcutaneous compartment in the hollow fiber tests. In sum, these studies illustrate the usefulness of the hollow fiber model in natural product drug discovery programs. Preliminary indications of potential therapeutic efficacy can be provided quickly at relatively low expense. Agents capable of mediating a response at the subcutaneous site would appear to warrant greatest attention.

title: Evaluation of the potential XXXX chemotherapeutic efficacy of natural product isolates employing in vivo hollow fiber tests.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity0 gastrointestinal (GI) tract harbors a complex community of bacterial cells in the mucosa, lumen, and feces. Since most attention has been focused on bacteria present in feces, knowledge about the mucosa-associated bacterial communities in different parts of the colon is limited. In this study, the bacterial communities in feces and biopsy samples from the ascending, transverse, and descending colons of 10 individuals were analyzed by using a 16S rRNA approach. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that 10(5) to 10(6) bacteria were present in the biopsy samples. To visualize the diversity of the predominant and the @entity1 group community, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons was performed. DGGE analysis and similarity index comparisons demonstrated that the predominant mucosa-associated bacterial community was host specific and uniformly distributed along the colon but significantly different from the fecal community (P < 0.01). The @entity1 group-specific profiles were less complex than the profiles reflecting the predominant community. For 6 of the 10 individuals the community of @entity1 -like bacteria in the biopsy samples was similar to that in the feces. Amplicons having 99% sequence similarity to the 16S ribosomal DNA of @entity1 were detected in the biopsy samples of nine individuals. No significant differences were observed between healthy and diseased individuals. The observed host-specific DGGE profiles of the mucosa-associated bacterial community in the colon support the hypothesis that host-related factors are involved in the determination of the GI tract microbial community.

title: Mucosa-associated bacteria in the XXXX gastrointestinal tract are uniformly distributed along the colon and differ from the community recovered from feces.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10 -eluting stents (SES) have recently been proven to reduce restenosis and reintervention compared with bare stents. Safety and effectiveness of SES in acute @entity6 remain unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Since April 16, 2002, a policy of routine SES implantation has been instituted in our hospital, with no clinical or anatomic restrictions, as part of the RESEARCH ( @entity10 -Eluting Stent Evaluated At Rotterdam Cardiology Hospital) registry. During 6 months of enrollment, 96 @entity0 with ST-elevation acute @entity6 underwent percutaneous recanalization and SES implantation; these @entity0 comprise the study population. The incidence of major adverse @entity5 ( @entity3 , nonfatal @entity6 , reintervention) was evaluated. Six-month angiographic follow-up was scheduled per protocol. At baseline, @entity1 was present in 12.5% and multivessel disease in 46.9%. Primary angioplasty was performed in 89 @entity0 (92.7%). @entity8 location was anterior in 41 (42.7%) of the cases, and 12 @entity0 (12.5%) had @entity9 . Postprocedural TIMI-3 flow was achieved in 93.3% of the cases. In-hospital mortality was 6.2%. One @entity0 (1.1%) had reinfarction and @entity2 reintervention the first day as a result of distal dissection and acute vessel occlusion. During follow-up (mean follow-up of 218+/-75 days), 1 @entity0 died (1.1%), no @entity0 had recurrent @entity6 , and there were no additional reinterventions. No early or late stent @entity7 were documented. At angiographic follow-up (70%), late loss was -0.04+/-0.25, and no @entity0 presented @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: In this study, @entity10 -eluting stent implantation for @entity0 with ST-elevation acute @entity6 was safe without documented @entity4 at 6 months.

title: XXXX -eluting stent implantation in ST-elevation acute @entity6 : a clinical and angiographic study.

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10 -eluting stents (SES) have recently been proven to reduce restenosis and reintervention compared with bare stents. Safety and effectiveness of SES in acute @entity6 remain unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Since April 16, 2002, a policy of routine SES implantation has been instituted in our hospital, with no clinical or anatomic restrictions, as part of the RESEARCH ( @entity10 -Eluting Stent Evaluated At Rotterdam Cardiology Hospital) registry. During 6 months of enrollment, 96 @entity0 with ST-elevation acute @entity6 underwent percutaneous recanalization and SES implantation; these @entity0 comprise the study population. The incidence of major adverse @entity5 ( @entity3 , nonfatal @entity6 , reintervention) was evaluated. Six-month angiographic follow-up was scheduled per protocol. At baseline, @entity1 was present in 12.5% and multivessel disease in 46.9%. Primary angioplasty was performed in 89 @entity0 (92.7%). @entity8 location was anterior in 41 (42.7%) of the cases, and 12 @entity0 (12.5%) had @entity9 . Postprocedural TIMI-3 flow was achieved in 93.3% of the cases. In-hospital mortality was 6.2%. One @entity0 (1.1%) had reinfarction and @entity2 reintervention the first day as a result of distal dissection and acute vessel occlusion. During follow-up (mean follow-up of 218+/-75 days), 1 @entity0 died (1.1%), no @entity0 had recurrent @entity6 , and there were no additional reinterventions. No early or late stent @entity7 were documented. At angiographic follow-up (70%), late loss was -0.04+/-0.25, and no @entity0 presented @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: In this study, @entity10 -eluting stent implantation for @entity0 with ST-elevation acute @entity6 was safe without documented @entity4 at 6 months.

title: @entity10 -eluting stent implantation in ST-elevation acute XXXX : a clinical and angiographic study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Larger surgical caseload is associated with better @entity0 outcome for many complex procedures. We examined the volume-outcome relationship for @entity2 surgery using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, 1996-2000. Multivariate regression adjusted for @entity0 demographics, acuity measures, medical comorbidities, and endocrine status. A total of 5497 operations were performed at 538 hospitals by 825 surgeons. Outcome measured at hospital discharge was: death (0.6%), discharge to long-term care (0.9%), to short-term rehabilitation (2.1%), or directly home (96.2%). Outcomes were better after surgery at higher-volume hospitals (OR 0.74 for 5-fold-larger caseload, P = 0.007) or by higher-volume surgeons (OR 0.62, P = 0.02). A total of 5.4% of @entity0 were not discharged directly home from lowest-volume-quartile hospitals, compared with 2.6% at highest-volume-quartile hospitals. In-hospital mortality was lower with higher-volume hospitals (P = 0.03) and surgeons (P = 0.09). Mortality rates were 0.9% at lowest-caseload-quartile hospitals and 0.4% at highest-volume-quartile hospitals. @entity1 (26.5% of admissions) were less frequent with higher-volume hospitals (P = 0.03) or surgeons (P = 0.005). Length of stay was shorter with high-volume hospitals (P = 0.02) and surgeons (P < 0.001). Hospital charges were lower for high-volume hospitals, but not significantly. This analysis suggests that higher-volume hospitals and surgeons provide superior short-term outcomes after @entity2 surgery with shorter lengths of stay and a trend toward lower charges.

title: Transsphenoidal surgery for XXXX in the United States, 1996-2000: mortality, morbidity, and the effects of hospital and surgeon volume.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The reliable diagnosis of @entity1 depends on the measurement of @entity3 . The @entity3 assays in widespread use measure not only the hormone but also hormone fragments, thus limiting the clinical utility of the assays. A new immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) using an antigenic determinant at the extreme @entity5 -terminal of the @entity3 molecule detects only full-length @entity3 (1-84). We compared three @entity3 assays and determined the presence of @entity3 (1-84) and @entity3 fragments in serum and @entity6 of @entity0 with @entity1 . We studied 56 @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity3 levels were increased in 63% using the midmolecule RIA; in 73% in the "intact" IRMA; and in 96% in the @entity3 (1-84)-IRMA. The @entity3 (1-84)-IRMA correlated with the other assays (midmolecule RIA R = +0.736; P < 0.0001; "intact"-IRMA R = +0.951; P < 0.0001) and indices of disease activity (serum @entity2 R = +0.511, P < 0.0001; alkaline phosphatase R = +0.489, P = 0.001; and radius bone density R = -0.366, P < 0.01). In 21 consecutive @entity0 undergoing parathyroidectomy, 18 had @entity6 . Intact @entity3 was higher than @entity3 (1-84)-IRMA in both serum and glandular homogenates from these @entity0 . Similar proportions of @entity3 (1-84) and hormone fragments were found in both @entity4 [66 +/- 3% of "intact" @entity3 -reflected @entity3 (1-84) and sera (73 +/- 2% of "intact" @entity3 reflected @entity3 (1-84)]. We conclude that the @entity3 (1-84)-IRMA offers improved diagnostic sensitivity in @entity0 with @entity1 than other currently available assays. This study also provides evidence that both @entity3 (1-84) and @entity3 fragments are produced in @entity6 and that peripheral metabolism of hormone and fragment does not alter the proportion of bioactive hormone.

title: Clinical utility of an immunoradiometric assay for parathyroid hormone (1-84) in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Hormones and cytokines are known to act as regulatory messengers between the neuroendocrine and immune systems. The innate immune system identifies infectious agents by means of pattern-recognition receptors. These receptors recognize pathogen-specific macromolecules called pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Fungal cell wall glucans nonspecifically stimulate various aspects of innate immunity via interaction with membrane receptors on immune-competent cells. Glucans are also released into the systemic circulation of @entity0 with @entity1 . Recent evidence confirms the existence of glucan-specific receptors on cells outside the immune system. We hypothesized that glucans may directly interact with pituitary cells as an early signaling event in @entity1 . METHODS: We characterized the receptor-mediated interaction of glucan derived from @entity4 with pituitary cells using surface plasmon resonance. Prolactin levels were assayed by commercial ELISA. @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity5 mRNA levels were assessed by RT-PCR. RESULTS: A single glucan-specific binding site was identified on rodent somatomammotroph (K(D) = 3.9 microM) and @entity0 folliculostellate cell (K(D) = 3.6 microM) membranes. Coincubation of glucan with somatomammotroph cells for 72 h significantly (p < 0.01) increased prolactin accumulation by 56-62% over that observed in cells treated with media alone. Glucan also increased @entity3 and @entity5 gene expression in @entity0 folliculostellate cells. CONCLUSIONS: Pituitary cells directly recognize and respond to fungal cell wall glucans resulting in stimulation of pituitary cell @entity3 and @entity5 gene expression. In addition, glucan stimulates secretion of prolactin, a hormone that plays an important role in the response to infection.

title: Anterior pituitary cells express pattern recognition receptors for fungal glucans: implications for neuroendocrine immune involvement in response to XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The degree of @entity2 of Asians is less than that of Caucasians. It has been suggested that Japanese, categorized as having normal weight (BMI<25.0), as defined by WHO (2000), have a tendency toward increased incidences of @entity6 and @entity1 . Our objective was to analyze parameters constituting @entity2 in overweight Japanese and Mongolians with a body mass index (BMI) of 23.0-24.9, and to assess the suitability for Asians of the Regional Office for Western Pacific Region of WHO criteria pertaining to @entity2 (WPRO criteria, 2000). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study in a workplace setting. SUBJECTS: A total of 386 Japanese @entity0 and 363 Japanese @entity0 , and 102 Mongolian @entity0 and 155 Mongolian @entity0 . MEASUREMENTS: Anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist circumference, hip circumference and blood pressure) and metabolic measurements (plasma levels of total @entity3 , HDL @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity5 and insulin). RESULTS: Graded increases in BMI of Japanese and Mongolians were positively associated with body fat percent, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist/hip ratio. The Japanese were categorized as 22% overweight, 22% obese I, 3% obese II; the Mongolians rated as 18% overweight, 34% obese I, 19% obese II, based on the WPRO BMI criteria. The Mongolians had a higher prevalence of @entity2 and a higher body fat percent, but a lesser gradation of @entity6 , than did the BMI-matched Japanese groups. Overweight Japanese (BMI 23.0-24.9), in comparison to normal Japanese (BMI 18.5-22.9), had significant differences in systolic blood pressure, HDL- @entity3 and @entity4 in @entity0 , and in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL- @entity3 , @entity4 , insulin and Homoeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance in @entity0 . In contrast, the Mongolians showed no significant differences in metabolic parameters between overweight and normal subjects, except for diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION: Since the relationship between abdominal fat mass and BMI is ethnic-specific, a universal BMI cutoff point is inappropriate for Asian populations such as the Japanese and Mongolians. The present investigation suggests that, while the WPRO criteria are suitable for Japanese, the WHO criteria are more appropriate for Mongolians.

title: Overweight Japanese with body mass indexes of 23.0-24.9 have higher risks for XXXX : a comparison of Japanese and Mongolians.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the @entity2 and spinal mobility on quality of life (QOL) in @entity0 with spinal @entity3 . A total of 157 postmenopausal @entity0 aged over 60 years with @entity3 were divided into five groups according to their @entity2 : @entity5 ( @entity5 , n=41), @entity5 ( @entity5 , n=33), whole @entity6 (WK, n=40), lower acute @entity6 (LAK, n=18), and normal posture (NP, n=25). QOL was evaluated using the Japanese @entity3 QOL Questionnaire (JOQOL) proposed by the Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research. This questionnaire contains six domains, with higher scores indicating higher levels of QOL. The number of @entity4 , @entity6 and @entity7 angles, and spinal range of motion (ROM) during maximum flexion and extension were also measured with radiographs. Total QOL scores in @entity5 , @entity5 , WK, and LAK groups were significantly lower than those in the NP group, and those in WK group were even lower compared with the other groups ( P<0.05). All the groups with @entity2 , but not the NP group, showed significant positive correlations between total QOL score and spinal ROM (0.521</= r</=0.747, P<0.05). Total QOL score showed a significant correlation with age, number of @entity4 , @entity7 angle, and spinal ROM in a total of 157 @entity0 . However, multiple regression analysis revealed that spinal ROM best correlated with total QOL score. We concluded that QOL in @entity0 with @entity3 was @entity1 , especially by whole @entity6 , and that spinal mobility has a strong effect on QOL in these @entity0 .

title: XXXX and spinal mobility on quality of life in @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of the study was to evaluate the @entity2 and spinal mobility on quality of life (QOL) in @entity0 with spinal @entity3 . A total of 157 postmenopausal @entity0 aged over 60 years with @entity3 were divided into five groups according to their @entity2 : @entity5 ( @entity5 , n=41), @entity5 ( @entity5 , n=33), whole @entity6 (WK, n=40), lower acute @entity6 (LAK, n=18), and normal posture (NP, n=25). QOL was evaluated using the Japanese @entity3 QOL Questionnaire (JOQOL) proposed by the Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research. This questionnaire contains six domains, with higher scores indicating higher levels of QOL. The number of @entity4 , @entity6 and @entity7 angles, and spinal range of motion (ROM) during maximum flexion and extension were also measured with radiographs. Total QOL scores in @entity5 , @entity5 , WK, and LAK groups were significantly lower than those in the NP group, and those in WK group were even lower compared with the other groups ( P<0.05). All the groups with @entity2 , but not the NP group, showed significant positive correlations between total QOL score and spinal ROM (0.521</= r</=0.747, P<0.05). Total QOL score showed a significant correlation with age, number of @entity4 , @entity7 angle, and spinal ROM in a total of 157 @entity0 . However, multiple regression analysis revealed that spinal ROM best correlated with total QOL score. We concluded that QOL in @entity0 with @entity3 was @entity1 , especially by whole @entity6 , and that spinal mobility has a strong effect on QOL in these @entity0 .

title: @entity2 and spinal mobility on quality of life in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A prospective study correlating high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), lung function tests (PFT) and bronchoalveolar lavage ( @entity6 ) cytology in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) associated with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Fifty-three @entity4 @entity0 with suspected @entity5 (19 @entity0 , 34 @entity0 ) underwent 71 HRCT (14 of 53 with sequential HRCT, mean follow-up 24.3 months). The HRCT evaluation by two observers on consensus included a semi-quantitative characterisation of lesion pattern and profusion on representative anatomical levels. Fifty-two HRCT were followed by PFT and @entity6 . Agreement or discordance of HRCT-, @entity6 findings were analysed with Pearson's correlation, kappa score and McNemar's test. @entity3 -fume exposure was estimated in pack years. Smoking/non-smoking groups were compared with Student's t test. In 49 of 53 @entity0 , HRCT was suggestive of @entity5 associated with @entity4 (66 of 71 HRCT). @entity2 were found in 40 of 53 @entity0 , in 15 of 40 presenting as mixed pattern with ground-glass opacities (GGO). Pure reticular patterns predominated in @entity0 with long duration of @entity5 (p>0.01). Pure GGO were not observed. Lesion profusion was highly variable and correlated moderately negative with diffusion capacity (mean 88.2% (SD +/- 20.9%); r=-0.54; p<0.001) and very weak with vital capacity and FEV1 (mean values 92.2% (SD +/- 18.3%); r=-0.27; p<0.05 and 89.8% (SD +/- 17.5%); r=-0.31; p<0.01). In @entity0 with GGO, @entity6 differentials tended towards neutrophilia (kappa=0.39; p=0.04; McNemar test p>0.2), but not towards lymphocytosis (kappa=0.10; p=0.23; McNemar test p>0.2). Differences in smoking history were not significant (p>0.1). The HRCT appears most appropriate for the detection and follow-up of @entity5 associated with @entity4 . The PFT and @entity6 correlate only partially with lesion profusion or grading on HRCT, but they contribute valuable information about dynamic lung function and differential diagnoses ( @entity1 , medication side effects).

title: Correlation between HRCT findings, pulmonary function tests and bronchoalveolar lavage cytology in @entity5 associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A prospective study correlating high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT), lung function tests (PFT) and bronchoalveolar lavage ( @entity6 ) cytology in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) associated with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Fifty-three @entity4 @entity0 with suspected @entity5 (19 @entity0 , 34 @entity0 ) underwent 71 HRCT (14 of 53 with sequential HRCT, mean follow-up 24.3 months). The HRCT evaluation by two observers on consensus included a semi-quantitative characterisation of lesion pattern and profusion on representative anatomical levels. Fifty-two HRCT were followed by PFT and @entity6 . Agreement or discordance of HRCT-, @entity6 findings were analysed with Pearson's correlation, kappa score and McNemar's test. @entity3 -fume exposure was estimated in pack years. Smoking/non-smoking groups were compared with Student's t test. In 49 of 53 @entity0 , HRCT was suggestive of @entity5 associated with @entity4 (66 of 71 HRCT). @entity2 were found in 40 of 53 @entity0 , in 15 of 40 presenting as mixed pattern with ground-glass opacities (GGO). Pure reticular patterns predominated in @entity0 with long duration of @entity5 (p>0.01). Pure GGO were not observed. Lesion profusion was highly variable and correlated moderately negative with diffusion capacity (mean 88.2% (SD +/- 20.9%); r=-0.54; p<0.001) and very weak with vital capacity and FEV1 (mean values 92.2% (SD +/- 18.3%); r=-0.27; p<0.05 and 89.8% (SD +/- 17.5%); r=-0.31; p<0.01). In @entity0 with GGO, @entity6 differentials tended towards neutrophilia (kappa=0.39; p=0.04; McNemar test p>0.2), but not towards lymphocytosis (kappa=0.10; p=0.23; McNemar test p>0.2). Differences in smoking history were not significant (p>0.1). The HRCT appears most appropriate for the detection and follow-up of @entity5 associated with @entity4 . The PFT and @entity6 correlate only partially with lesion profusion or grading on HRCT, but they contribute valuable information about dynamic lung function and differential diagnoses ( @entity1 , medication side effects).

title: Correlation between HRCT findings, pulmonary function tests and bronchoalveolar lavage cytology in XXXX associated with @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The authors report on their experience with a particular @entity1 cement in the pediatric population and review cases that elucidate potential limitations of its use in this population. In all @entity0 , the implant was used for recontouring and augmenting the cranial vault. Seven of 15 @entity0 had a direct communication between sinus mucosa and the implant at the time of surgery. Three of the seven @entity0 developed late postoperative inflammatory reactions of the surgical site with delamination of the implant. Each @entity0 required an aggressive irrigation and d  bridement with removal of the delaminated @entity1 . Pathologic findings showed evidence of a foreign body inflammatory reaction in the tissue, and mixed bacterial flora were identified in all specimens. No late problems with the cement were seen in @entity0 without a communication to the sinuses. Our findings suggest that the use of BoneSource, an essentially nonviable, nonvascularized implant, in areas exposed to bacterial contamination is contraindicated in the pediatric population. BoneSource and other similar @entity1 biomaterials do have a role as implants in the craniofacial skeleton. The indications and contraindications of these substances will need to be further defined for wide acceptance to occur.

title: A contraindication for the use of XXXX cement in the pediatric population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Several reconstructive procedures have been described for the complete defect of the distal radius that is created after a wide excision of @entity2 , including hemiarthroplasty using the vascularized fibular head and partial wrist arthrodesis between a vascularized fibula and the scapholunate portion of the proximal carpal row. The objectives of this study are to compare clinical and radiographic results between the partial wrist arthrodesis and the wrist arthroplasty, and to discuss which procedure is superior. Four @entity0 with @entity1 involving the distal end of the radius were treated with en bloc resection and reconstruction with a free vascularized fibular graft. The wrists in two @entity0 were reconstructed with an articular fibular head graft and the remaining two @entity0 underwent partial wrist arthrodesis using a fibular shaft transfer. There was radiographic evidence of bone union at the host-graft junctions in all cases. In the newly reconstructed wrist joint, there was palmar subluxation of the carpal bones and degenerative changes in both @entity0 . Local recurrence was seen in one @entity0 . According to the functional results described by Enneking et al., the mean functional score was 67 percent. The functional scores including wrist/forearm range of motion in the cases with partial wrist arthrodesis were superior to those with wrist arthroplasty. A partial wrist arthrodesis using a vascularized fibular shaft graft appears a more useful and reliable procedure for reconstruction of the wrist after excision of the @entity1 of the distal end of the radius than a wrist arthroplasty using the vascularized fibular head, although our study includes only a small number of @entity0 .

title: Vascularized fibular graft after excision of XXXX of the distal radius: wrist arthroplasty versus partial wrist arthrodesis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The paper presents a case of @entity0 suffered from @entity3 with @entity1 . Similar clinical and radiological course was observed in another two cases. The disease was chronic, recurrent and school @entity0 were affected. Normal temperature and increased blood sedimentation were observed. Enlarged of metaphysis, "marbled" structure of the bone with many little osteolitical focus and thickening of cortical bone were observed, too. This disease was progressive and the whole of the diaphysis was affected. Pus was never found during operation. The bone was @entity2 in some places, with thickened periosteum. Histopathological examination indicated @entity4 . Bacteriological examination was always negative. The treatment performed usually in acute @entity3 wasn't effective.

title: [ XXXX concomitant with @entity1 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The paper presents a case of @entity0 suffered from @entity3 with @entity1 . Similar clinical and radiological course was observed in another two cases. The disease was chronic, recurrent and school @entity0 were affected. Normal temperature and increased blood sedimentation were observed. Enlarged of metaphysis, "marbled" structure of the bone with many little osteolitical focus and thickening of cortical bone were observed, too. This disease was progressive and the whole of the diaphysis was affected. Pus was never found during operation. The bone was @entity2 in some places, with thickened periosteum. Histopathological examination indicated @entity4 . Bacteriological examination was always negative. The treatment performed usually in acute @entity3 wasn't effective.

title: [ @entity3 concomitant with XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: In order to analyze changes in @entity2 management in the hemodialysis @entity0 , a retrospective survey was performed in 1999 on a representative French sample of @entity0 in hemodialysis treated by @entity3 since 1992, 1994, 1996, and 1998 respectively. 368 @entity0 were enrolled in 97 centres. At treatment initiation, some @entity0 characteristics have significantly changed: the percentage of type 2 @entity1 @entity0 has increased marquedly from 4.5% in 1992 to 22.1% in 1998. The mean time lag between dialysis and @entity3 treatment initiation has decreased from 3.3 years to 0.9 on the 6-year period. Lastly, the mean hemoglobin level has increased from 73.7 to 78.5 g/l. No significant evolution in the @entity3 protocol was observed at the initiation as well as in the maintenance phase. An average percentage of 33.7% of @entity0 were treated in i.v. route at initiation with a mean posology of 105.2 IU/kg (respectively 91.4 in s.c.). In the first year of follow-up, the overall mean posology was 84 IU/kg. In conclusion, this survey suggests that @entity2 management has been optimized over the last 6 years follow-up, including an earlier initiation of @entity3 treatment and a higher target of hemoglobin while @entity3 needs were reduced in the same time.

title: [Evolution of medical practice in the care of XXXX amd the use of @entity3 in chronic renal insufficiency hemodialysis in the past six years].

answer: @entity2


abstract: In order to analyze changes in @entity2 management in the hemodialysis @entity0 , a retrospective survey was performed in 1999 on a representative French sample of @entity0 in hemodialysis treated by @entity3 since 1992, 1994, 1996, and 1998 respectively. 368 @entity0 were enrolled in 97 centres. At treatment initiation, some @entity0 characteristics have significantly changed: the percentage of type 2 @entity1 @entity0 has increased marquedly from 4.5% in 1992 to 22.1% in 1998. The mean time lag between dialysis and @entity3 treatment initiation has decreased from 3.3 years to 0.9 on the 6-year period. Lastly, the mean hemoglobin level has increased from 73.7 to 78.5 g/l. No significant evolution in the @entity3 protocol was observed at the initiation as well as in the maintenance phase. An average percentage of 33.7% of @entity0 were treated in i.v. route at initiation with a mean posology of 105.2 IU/kg (respectively 91.4 in s.c.). In the first year of follow-up, the overall mean posology was 84 IU/kg. In conclusion, this survey suggests that @entity2 management has been optimized over the last 6 years follow-up, including an earlier initiation of @entity3 treatment and a higher target of hemoglobin while @entity3 needs were reduced in the same time.

title: [Evolution of medical practice in the care of @entity2 amd the use of XXXX in chronic renal insufficiency hemodialysis in the past six years].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stereotactic large-core needle biopsy (SLCNB) is a minimally invasive method for histological diagnosis of nonpalpable @entity3 . We studied differences in @entity1 prevalence between a group of @entity0 referred through the national screening program and a non-screening group, and assessed whether the validity of SLCNB differed between these groups. METHODS: A group of non-selective, consecutive @entity0 presenting with a nonpalpable mammographic lesion, who participated in a recently conducted multicenter study regarding the accuracy of SLCNB in The Netherlands, were the basis for this study. Prevalence of @entity2 , predictive value of a benign diagnosis, sensitivity, and specificity rate of SLCNB were compared between the two groups. RESULTS: Of the 1029 lesions in 972 @entity0 included, 858 were evaluable. In 850/858 lesions (99.1%) the reason for referral was clear. The prevalence of @entity1 in the screening group (n = 511 lesions) was 64.0% (95%CI 59.8-68.2), versus 49.6% in the non-screening group (n = 339) (95%CI 44.2-54.9). Respective predictive values of a benign diagnosis on SLCNB were 97.0 versus 94.8% (non-significant). The sensitivity rates of SLCNB were 98.5% (screening; 95%CI 96.5-99.5) versus 95.2% (non-screening; 95%CI 90.8-97.9). Specificity rates were 97.8 (95%CI 94.5-99.4) and 99.4% (95%CI 96.8-100), respectively. CONCLUSION: Despite a significant difference in the prevalence of @entity2 , the accuracy of SLCNB did not show a statistically significant difference between both @entity0 groups. Therefore, SLCNB appears accurate in diagnosing nonpalpable @entity3 both in screening and non-screening @entity0 groups.

title: Stereotactic large core needle biopsy for all nonpalpable XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: Successful and long-standing eradication of @entity2 has remained difficult due to the propensity of these lesions to be extensive. Current treatments include excision, electrodesiccation, laser vaporization, and oral @entity5 , each often associated with unacceptable side effects or lesional recurrence. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of laser-assisted photodynamic therapy using topical @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and 595 nm pulsed dye laser (PDL) irradiation for the treatment of @entity2 . Ten @entity0 with @entity2 received 1 or 2 treatments at 6 week intervals with topical 20% @entity3 followed 1 hour later by 595 nm PDL irradiation. Matched lesions served as controls and were either treated with PDL alone or were left untreated. @entity0 were evaluated at regular intervals for 3 months. Results demonstrated that combination topical @entity3 and PDL treatment effected better clinical results than PDL treatment alone. No changes were observed in untreated control lesions. Side effects were mild and limited to transient @entity4 , @entity1 , and focal crusting. It is the conclusion of the authors that laser-assisted photodynamic therapy with topical @entity3 and PDL irradiation can achieve safe and effective improvement of @entity2 . Further study is warranted to determine the longevity of the clinical results observed.

title: Photodynamic therapy with topical aminolevulinic acid and pulsed dye laser irradiation for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity9 frequently causes secondary @entity11 through central suppression of gonadotropin secretion. @entity7 (> 1 cm diameter) are more common in males and may additionally cause more generalised @entity10 . Recovery of the thyrotropic and/or corticotropic axes is well described following selective adenomectomy, but remains poorly defined in relation to medical ( @entity5 -agonist) therapy of @entity7 . We therefore performed a retrospective examination of case records of male @entity0 who had received medical therapy alone for macroprolactinoma between 1980-2001 (n = 35) and in whom @entity1 shrinkage was documented by interval pituitary imaging (reported throughout by a single neuroradiologist). Mean prolactin level at baseline was 59,932 mU/L (median 31,400; range 3,215-332,000); mean period of follow up was 4.2 years (median 2.6; range: 1.0-15). Defects of the following axes were evident at diagnosis: LH/FSH- @entity3 (n = 27; 77%), TSH-T4 (n = 14; 41%-not including one case with pre-existing 1 @entity6 ), ACTH- @entity4 (n = 8; 23%). Overall, 14 @entity0 (40%) were @entity8 , seven (20%) in 2 axes and seven (20%) in 3 axes. Growth hormone secretory status was not systematically evaluated. In all but 6 @entity0 , prolactin levels fell to normal or near-normal levels (mean 764 mU/L; median 260; range: < 10-4,833). Of the @entity0 in whom adequate reassessment had been performed, thyrotroph function recovered in 4/9, corticotroph function in 4/6 and gonadotroph function in 16/26 cases. In four cases (11%) previously described, development of @entity2 as a result of the chiasmal traction syndrome necessitated a dose reduction in medical therapy to allow a degree of controlled @entity1 re-expansion. The prevalence at diagnosis of TSH and @entity12 in @entity0 with @entity7 was 41% and 23%, respectively. Among eight @entity0 with insufficiency of TSH and/or ACTH secretion who underwent complete interval reassessment over several years of treatment, recovery of at least one @entity8 occurred in six cases (75%). This study highlights the importance of screening ACTH- and/or TSH-deficient @entity0 during @entity5 agonist therapy in order to identify cases where @entity10 has resolved.

title: Medical therapy of @entity7 in males: I. Prevalence of XXXX at diagnosis. II. Proportion of cases exhibiting recovery of pituitary function.

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity9 frequently causes secondary @entity11 through central suppression of gonadotropin secretion. @entity7 (> 1 cm diameter) are more common in males and may additionally cause more generalised @entity10 . Recovery of the thyrotropic and/or corticotropic axes is well described following selective adenomectomy, but remains poorly defined in relation to medical ( @entity5 -agonist) therapy of @entity7 . We therefore performed a retrospective examination of case records of male @entity0 who had received medical therapy alone for macroprolactinoma between 1980-2001 (n = 35) and in whom @entity1 shrinkage was documented by interval pituitary imaging (reported throughout by a single neuroradiologist). Mean prolactin level at baseline was 59,932 mU/L (median 31,400; range 3,215-332,000); mean period of follow up was 4.2 years (median 2.6; range: 1.0-15). Defects of the following axes were evident at diagnosis: LH/FSH- @entity3 (n = 27; 77%), TSH-T4 (n = 14; 41%-not including one case with pre-existing 1 @entity6 ), ACTH- @entity4 (n = 8; 23%). Overall, 14 @entity0 (40%) were @entity8 , seven (20%) in 2 axes and seven (20%) in 3 axes. Growth hormone secretory status was not systematically evaluated. In all but 6 @entity0 , prolactin levels fell to normal or near-normal levels (mean 764 mU/L; median 260; range: < 10-4,833). Of the @entity0 in whom adequate reassessment had been performed, thyrotroph function recovered in 4/9, corticotroph function in 4/6 and gonadotroph function in 16/26 cases. In four cases (11%) previously described, development of @entity2 as a result of the chiasmal traction syndrome necessitated a dose reduction in medical therapy to allow a degree of controlled @entity1 re-expansion. The prevalence at diagnosis of TSH and @entity12 in @entity0 with @entity7 was 41% and 23%, respectively. Among eight @entity0 with insufficiency of TSH and/or ACTH secretion who underwent complete interval reassessment over several years of treatment, recovery of at least one @entity8 occurred in six cases (75%). This study highlights the importance of screening ACTH- and/or TSH-deficient @entity0 during @entity5 agonist therapy in order to identify cases where @entity10 has resolved.

title: Medical therapy of XXXX in males: I. Prevalence of @entity10 at diagnosis. II. Proportion of cases exhibiting recovery of pituitary function.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Conflicting data have emerged regarding the role of complement activation in the pathophysiology of @entity6 . On the basis of considerable evidence implicating inflammatory mediators in the progression of neonatal @entity5 , we evaluated the contribution of complement activation to cerebral @entity2 in the neonatal @entity1 . To elicit unilateral @entity2 , 7-d-old @entity1 underwent right carotid ligation followed by 1.5-2 hr of exposure to 8% @entity0 . Using immunoprecipitation and Western blot assays, we determined that HI induces local complement cascade activation as early as 8 hr post-HI; there was an eightfold increase in the activation fragment inactivated C3b at 16 hr. With immunofluorescence assays and confocal microscopy, both @entity7 were localized to injured neurons 16 and 24 hr post-HI. To investigate the contribution of systemic complement to @entity5 , we administered the complement-depleting agent cobra venom factor (CVF) 24 hr before HI lesioning and evaluated both acute HI-induced complement deposition and the extent of resulting tissue injury 5 d after lesioning. CVF depleted both systemic and brain C3 by the time of surgery and reduced @entity4 size. Analysis of lesioned, CVF-treated animals demonstrated minimal neuronal C3 deposition but no reduction in C9 deposition. C3-immunoreactive microglia were identified in injured areas. These results indicate that complement activation contributes to @entity2 in neonatal @entity1 brain, systemic administration of CVF does not eliminate complement deposition within injured brain, and microglia may represent an important local source of C3 after @entity3 .

title: Complement activation contributes to XXXX in neonatal @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Conflicting data have emerged regarding the role of complement activation in the pathophysiology of @entity6 . On the basis of considerable evidence implicating inflammatory mediators in the progression of neonatal @entity5 , we evaluated the contribution of complement activation to cerebral @entity2 in the neonatal @entity1 . To elicit unilateral @entity2 , 7-d-old @entity1 underwent right carotid ligation followed by 1.5-2 hr of exposure to 8% @entity0 . Using immunoprecipitation and Western blot assays, we determined that HI induces local complement cascade activation as early as 8 hr post-HI; there was an eightfold increase in the activation fragment inactivated C3b at 16 hr. With immunofluorescence assays and confocal microscopy, both @entity7 were localized to injured neurons 16 and 24 hr post-HI. To investigate the contribution of systemic complement to @entity5 , we administered the complement-depleting agent cobra venom factor (CVF) 24 hr before HI lesioning and evaluated both acute HI-induced complement deposition and the extent of resulting tissue injury 5 d after lesioning. CVF depleted both systemic and brain C3 by the time of surgery and reduced @entity4 size. Analysis of lesioned, CVF-treated animals demonstrated minimal neuronal C3 deposition but no reduction in C9 deposition. C3-immunoreactive microglia were identified in injured areas. These results indicate that complement activation contributes to @entity2 in neonatal @entity1 brain, systemic administration of CVF does not eliminate complement deposition within injured brain, and microglia may represent an important local source of C3 after @entity3 .

title: Complement activation contributes to @entity6 in neonatal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We investigated the changes in sexual function in male @entity0 with germ cell @entity1 continuously disease free after one or two courses of high-dose chemotherapy with hematopoietic stem cell support. A questionnaire was mailed to 35 @entity0 , and 30 @entity0 sent it back. Sexuality was considered a problem by 10 @entity0 (33%), but no @entity0 considered sexuality a major problem. Erection was more difficult to achieve in seven @entity0 (23%) and 10 @entity0 (33%) experienced increased difficulty in maintaining an erection. Eight @entity0 (27%) had the experience of less intensive and less frequent orgasm. In all, 13 @entity0 (43%) thought that both the disease and treatment had worsened their sexual capacity, but 20 @entity0 (67%) were satisfied with their sex life. Most of the @entity0 (63%) considered that insufficient information and counselling had been given by their physicians about the sexual sequelae of therapy. However, the amount of information about the disease and treatment was considered good by 77 and 80% of the @entity0 , respectively. This study shows that 27% of @entity0 were not content with their ability to attain sexual satisfaction due to the illness or its treatment. Communication is an important issue and better information tools could lead to improved compliance in these @entity0 .

title: Sexual functions after high-dose chemotherapy in survivors of germ cell XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is a very serious complication after cardiac surgery. To date, the optimal treatment of @entity4 is still controversial: the "closed wound" procedures and the "open wound" treatments are the two conventional modalities reported in the literature. METHODS: Between January 1995 and December 2000, 20 @entity0 , who had previously been submitted to cardiac surgery, were treated by a modification of the "open wound" treatment strategy for postoperative @entity4 . All @entity0 were scheduled for 2, 6, and 12-month clinical follow-up. The procedure performed consisted of three major steps: 1) early sternum reopening, followed by phase 2) including irrigation of the wound 3 times daily, and the final step 3) of delayed reconstructive surgery using the pectoralis major myocutaneous advancement flap closure technique. We prospectively analyzed the short- and long-term results of these procedures. RESULTS: The overall duration of hospitalization was 25 +/- 10 days; no @entity0 required intensive care unit permanency. Clinical success was achieved in all 20 cases (100%). No recurrences of local (such as @entity3 or abscesses) or @entity2 were noted, and no @entity0 required sternal reopening during follow-up. An optimal cosmetic result was obtained in all @entity0 and only 2 cases had persistent sternal @entity1 regressing at the 6-month follow-up control. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that for @entity0 with severe @entity4 , this treatment strategy is safe. The clinical and esthetic success rates are high, the recovery time rapid, and the rates of short- and long-term complications very low.

title: Treatment of XXXX using an open irrigation and delayed sternal reconstruction with a pectoralis major muscle flap.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 most commonly are identified as small, incidental microadenomas. They however may progress to macroadenoma forming intra and @entity1 which in about 1/3 of cases invade surrounding structures at the time of diagnosis. Mechanism of @entity2 remains still elusive. Because the value of karyotyping is limited by the technical problems related to cytogenetic methods, we studied the spectrum of chromosomal imbalances associated with @entity4 using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). Copy number aberrations on all 22 autosomes were evaluated by CGH using advanced computer software. In total, fifteen @entity0 were included in the study of 9 non-invasive, 4 invasive and two recurrent @entity3 . The mean age of the @entity0 were 48 years ranging from 36 to 68 years. @entity1 showed hormonal activity. The histogram of all 15 cases representing the DNA imbalances as an incidence curve along each chromosome showed losses particularly for chromosomes 1p, 2q, 4, 5, 6, 11q, 12q, 13q and 18q as well as overrepresentation on 9q, 16p, 17p, 19, 20q. Functioning @entity3 carried more imbalances than non-functioning, specifically deletions on chromosome 4 and 18q as well as overrepresentations of chromosomes 17 and 19. Invasive @entity3 carried more overrepresentations at 1p34 than non-invasive @entity1 . Recurrent @entity3 harbored more alterations than @entity1 , particularly DNA gains. The primary data is accessible at our CGH online @entity1 database at http://amba.charite.de/cgh. Reviewing the existing literature on the genetics of @entity4 and discussing our results in this context, we hope that our study will contribute to the knowledge of this @entity1 .

title: Genomic instability in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The differential diagnosis of @entity1 at the base of the skull comprises @entity10 , @entity7 , @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity12 , epidermoids, and @entity9 . About half of the @entity9 are @entity11 which are unique in a sense that medical therapy causes rapid @entity1 shrinkage and symptomatic improvement. We report on two @entity0 in which the diagnosis of an invasive @entity11 was masked by apparently low @entity14 levels caused by a high-dose hook effect in the chemiluminometric assay. The first case a 49 year old male with impairment of hearing on the left side was presented in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology. A massive invasively growing @entity1 was demonstrated on a cranial MRI. Endocrine tests revealed @entity15 . The @entity0 underwent debulking surgery, occipitocervical fusion because of destruction of the first cervical vertebra and subsequent irradiation. The histopathological diagnosis was invasive @entity11 . A repeat @entity14 (PRL) sample, which was assayed using serial dilutions, revealed a real PRL level of 89,700 ng/ml. @entity8 agonist therapy was initiated under which PRL levels declined in parallel with @entity1 size. The second case a 40 year old male was presented with acute @entity5 . Cranial MRI showed a large @entity1 at the base of the skull. Based on a transnasal biopsy, the preliminary diagnosis was a poorly differentiated @entity4 for which emergency irradiation was performed. Endocrine tests demonstrated partial @entity16 and moderate @entity13 . @entity6 was substituted and @entity8 agonist therapy was started because of moderate @entity13 . The final histopathological diagnosis was invasive @entity11 . A repeat PRL sample assayed in serial dilution demonstrated an apparent rise in PRL with a maximum value of 6,460 ng/ml. Under @entity8 agonist therapy, PRL declined to normal values, @entity1 size decreased and @entity3 disappeared. The apparently falsely low @entity14 levels in the initial work-up of both @entity0 were caused by a high-dose hook effect in the PRL assay. Serial dilutions of serum PRL samples is, therefore, mandatory in the diagnostic work-up of @entity0 with large invasive @entity1 at the base of the skull. This avoids unnecessary aggressive and dangerous treatment like surgery or radiotherapy in cases where pharmacological treatment may be the choice.

title: Falsely low serum XXXX in two cases of invasive @entity11 .

answer: @entity14


abstract: The differential diagnosis of @entity1 at the base of the skull comprises @entity10 , @entity7 , @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity12 , epidermoids, and @entity9 . About half of the @entity9 are @entity11 which are unique in a sense that medical therapy causes rapid @entity1 shrinkage and symptomatic improvement. We report on two @entity0 in which the diagnosis of an invasive @entity11 was masked by apparently low @entity14 levels caused by a high-dose hook effect in the chemiluminometric assay. The first case a 49 year old male with impairment of hearing on the left side was presented in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology. A massive invasively growing @entity1 was demonstrated on a cranial MRI. Endocrine tests revealed @entity15 . The @entity0 underwent debulking surgery, occipitocervical fusion because of destruction of the first cervical vertebra and subsequent irradiation. The histopathological diagnosis was invasive @entity11 . A repeat @entity14 (PRL) sample, which was assayed using serial dilutions, revealed a real PRL level of 89,700 ng/ml. @entity8 agonist therapy was initiated under which PRL levels declined in parallel with @entity1 size. The second case a 40 year old male was presented with acute @entity5 . Cranial MRI showed a large @entity1 at the base of the skull. Based on a transnasal biopsy, the preliminary diagnosis was a poorly differentiated @entity4 for which emergency irradiation was performed. Endocrine tests demonstrated partial @entity16 and moderate @entity13 . @entity6 was substituted and @entity8 agonist therapy was started because of moderate @entity13 . The final histopathological diagnosis was invasive @entity11 . A repeat PRL sample assayed in serial dilution demonstrated an apparent rise in PRL with a maximum value of 6,460 ng/ml. Under @entity8 agonist therapy, PRL declined to normal values, @entity1 size decreased and @entity3 disappeared. The apparently falsely low @entity14 levels in the initial work-up of both @entity0 were caused by a high-dose hook effect in the PRL assay. Serial dilutions of serum PRL samples is, therefore, mandatory in the diagnostic work-up of @entity0 with large invasive @entity1 at the base of the skull. This avoids unnecessary aggressive and dangerous treatment like surgery or radiotherapy in cases where pharmacological treatment may be the choice.

title: Falsely low serum @entity14 in two cases of invasive XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many changes and improvement have taken place in the management of head injured @entity0 in the last 20 years. There have been few recent studies analysing the overall outcomes including early complications of @entity4 . The aim of our study was, therefore, to examine the factors influencing the surgical outcome of @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: We reviewed case notes of 73 consecutive surgically treated @entity4 during the period from 1 January 1994 to 31 December 1998 admitted to the Walton Centre for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Liverpool. RESULTS: There was a male preponderance of 9:1. Alleged assault was the most common cause of @entity4 followed by road traffic accidents. @entity1 rate was 8.2%. More than 80% of @entity0 received prophylactic antibiotics. We failed to show any statistically significant association between the use of antibiotics and @entity3 . However, prevalence of infection was significantly associated with @entity2 , low GCS score and dural tear (P < 0.05). Prevalence of early @entity5 was 12.3%. No @entity0 received prophylactic anticonvulsants. There was no significant association between dural tear and prevalence of @entity5 . Mortality rate was 1.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Paediatric populations have better outcome; 7 out of 10 @entity0 in this series progressed to full recovery. Use of prophylactic antibiotics did not reduce the infection rate. Presence of dural tear was not associated with an increase risk of @entity5 .

title: A 5-year study of the outcome of surgically treated XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: In order to assess the current status of prenatal diagnosis of @entity1 requiring surgical management in the area of Lower Silesia, a retrospective study of medical charts of all neonates admitted to the Department of Paediatric Surgery in Wroc  aw between 1997 and 2000 was undertaken. 218 babies affected by anomalies detectable antenatally by conventional ultrasound scan were subjected to the further study. @entity2 and abdominal wall defects were the most common and were diagnosed in 63 and 38 @entity0 respectively. The incidence of other @entity1 ; @entity4 , oesophageal, duodenal and intestinal @entity3 , @entity6 and @entity8 was similar in each group. The suspicion of anatomical defect or its precise recognition was made antenatally in 52 pregnancies (23.8%). The highest rate of positive prenatal diagnosis was noted among babies with @entity4 (50%) and @entity8 (42.8%). In other groups this rate was significantly less. Critical analysis of postnatal management in studied cases revealed that the babies with @entity3 of gastrointestinal tract, @entity6 and abdominal wall defects were negatively affected by a lack of prenatal recognition of the defect. Moreover, in more than 40% of all analysed pregnancies presence of risk factors (positive family history, course of pregnancy, mother's age, @entity7 , @entity5 , previous abnormal pregnancies) were identified that should have prompted an obstetrician to a through diagnostic evaluation of the foetus. The obtained results clearly indicate the necessity for the elaboration of a new protocol of antenatal care of pregnant @entity0 in the Lower Silesia. In case of suspected anomaly amenable to operative correction within the first days of life, paediatric surgeon should be an active member of a specialist team responsible for care of mother and her baby.

title: [Prenatal diagnosis of XXXX requiring surgical management in the Lower Silesia--fact or fiction?].

answer: @entity1


abstract: On October 21, 1995, a 45-year-old @entity1 underwent mastectomy (Kodama's procedure), preserving the thoracic muscles, based on the diagnosis of @entity0 (T2aN1bM0). After surgery, she received 3 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (CAF) using @entity7 and other drugs. Thereafter she was orally treated with UFT for 2 years. She developed @entity3 recurrence in her liver 3 years after surgery. At that time, she was initially scheduled to undergo partial hepatectomy (including the @entity3 -affected area), but it was later judged that radical surgery was impossible due to the presence of @entity4 in both lobes of the liver. A reservoir was therefore installed in the hepatic artery. Ten days after reservoir installation, intra-arterial infusion of @entity5 (80 mg/m2), dissolved in 100 ml of physiological saline, was performed for one hour, using the installed reservoir. This treatment was administered once weekly for 3 consecutive weeks, followed by one week of rest. After 3 cycles of this regimen, the liver @entity2 had disappeared completely. At present, 2 years after the beginning of this therapy, the @entity1 remains in a state of CR (complete response). Grade 2 alopecia and grade 1 @entity6 were the only adverse reactions observed.

title: [A case of liver @entity2 of XXXX successfully treated with @entity5 infusion into the hepatic artery: an attempt of once weekly regimen].

answer: @entity0


abstract: On October 21, 1995, a 45-year-old @entity1 underwent mastectomy (Kodama's procedure), preserving the thoracic muscles, based on the diagnosis of @entity0 (T2aN1bM0). After surgery, she received 3 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (CAF) using @entity7 and other drugs. Thereafter she was orally treated with UFT for 2 years. She developed @entity3 recurrence in her liver 3 years after surgery. At that time, she was initially scheduled to undergo partial hepatectomy (including the @entity3 -affected area), but it was later judged that radical surgery was impossible due to the presence of @entity4 in both lobes of the liver. A reservoir was therefore installed in the hepatic artery. Ten days after reservoir installation, intra-arterial infusion of @entity5 (80 mg/m2), dissolved in 100 ml of physiological saline, was performed for one hour, using the installed reservoir. This treatment was administered once weekly for 3 consecutive weeks, followed by one week of rest. After 3 cycles of this regimen, the liver @entity2 had disappeared completely. At present, 2 years after the beginning of this therapy, the @entity1 remains in a state of CR (complete response). Grade 2 alopecia and grade 1 @entity6 were the only adverse reactions observed.

title: [A case of liver XXXX of @entity0 successfully treated with @entity5 infusion into the hepatic artery: an attempt of once weekly regimen].

answer: @entity2


abstract: On October 21, 1995, a 45-year-old @entity1 underwent mastectomy (Kodama's procedure), preserving the thoracic muscles, based on the diagnosis of @entity0 (T2aN1bM0). After surgery, she received 3 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy (CAF) using @entity7 and other drugs. Thereafter she was orally treated with UFT for 2 years. She developed @entity3 recurrence in her liver 3 years after surgery. At that time, she was initially scheduled to undergo partial hepatectomy (including the @entity3 -affected area), but it was later judged that radical surgery was impossible due to the presence of @entity4 in both lobes of the liver. A reservoir was therefore installed in the hepatic artery. Ten days after reservoir installation, intra-arterial infusion of @entity5 (80 mg/m2), dissolved in 100 ml of physiological saline, was performed for one hour, using the installed reservoir. This treatment was administered once weekly for 3 consecutive weeks, followed by one week of rest. After 3 cycles of this regimen, the liver @entity2 had disappeared completely. At present, 2 years after the beginning of this therapy, the @entity1 remains in a state of CR (complete response). Grade 2 alopecia and grade 1 @entity6 were the only adverse reactions observed.

title: [A case of liver @entity2 of @entity0 successfully treated with XXXX infusion into the hepatic artery: an attempt of once weekly regimen].

answer: @entity5


abstract: The precise cellular mechanism of @entity8 in @entity1 is still unknown. The aim of the study was to screen for new gene products in macrophages during particle contact. METHOD: In an established macrophage model @entity6 -cells ( @entity0 monocytic cells) were differentiated under the influence of @entity9 and @entity7 into macrophage-like cells (MLC). MLCs were incubated each with different concentrations of @entity3 particles, Lipopolysaccharids (LPS) and controls. Isolated RNA was transcribed into complementary radioactive 32P labeled cDNA. This probe was hybridised on an @entity0 cDNA expression array and analysed by autoradiography. To obtain a more reliable method quantifying mRNA, the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used. RESULTS: The arrays showed an upregulation of the following genes by particles: TNF-Rezeptor 2, @entity4 , Bone Morphogenic Protein 4 and HM 145. This was proven three times using RT-PCR and statistically significant in comparison to the controls. LPS induced the same upregulation except for HM145 whereas particles caused downregulation of this mRNA expression. CONCLUSION: Our results prove that the model of differentiated THP-1 cells treated with PE particles is a suitable system to analyse differential gene expression patterns, since the induction of the major positive control genes @entity2 and @entity5 were detected by this approach. @entity10 is known as signal protein which mediates ectopic bone formation and can also be interpreted as a contra regulatory gene. HM 145 belongs to the leukocyte chemotactic peptide receptor family. HM 145 seems to be one of the first genes that is enhanced along the septical pathway but less expressed by contact with particles. Analysis of HM 145 expression might help to diagnose septic versus aseptic loosening of prosthesis.

title: Detection of differentially expressed genes in XXXX using array-filter analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the clinical picture of @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity12 ( @entity12 ) and @entity1 . To analyze the pathogenesis of @entity3 . METHODS: Correlation of clinical picture, urinary findings, imaging reports and autopsy findings in two @entity0 with long-standing @entity12 who died with @entity3 . CASE SUMMARIES: Both subjects had sustained @entity8 in the last 2 weeks. One @entity0 had persistent @entity4 , normal urinalysis, normal renal sonogram, and scarce @entity9 with preservation of renal parenchymal architecture. He was thought to have ischemic @entity6 not directly linked to the @entity10 . The second @entity0 developed @entity2 one month prior to death, and had moderate @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity11 , grossly enlarged kidneys with hypoechoic masses, and extensive replacement of the renal parenchyma by @entity10 . This picture is typical of @entity3 secondary to lymphomatous replacement of the kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: The development of @entity3 in @entity12 with @entity1 may have varying clinical and imaging manifestations and pathogeneses. Potentially reversible pathogenic mechanisms should be systematically investigated, particularly if the overall clinical picture is not characteristic of @entity3 secondary to lymphomatous replacement of the parenchyma.

title: Oliguric XXXX in @entity12 with @entity10 in the kidneys.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the clinical picture of @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity12 ( @entity12 ) and @entity1 . To analyze the pathogenesis of @entity3 . METHODS: Correlation of clinical picture, urinary findings, imaging reports and autopsy findings in two @entity0 with long-standing @entity12 who died with @entity3 . CASE SUMMARIES: Both subjects had sustained @entity8 in the last 2 weeks. One @entity0 had persistent @entity4 , normal urinalysis, normal renal sonogram, and scarce @entity9 with preservation of renal parenchymal architecture. He was thought to have ischemic @entity6 not directly linked to the @entity10 . The second @entity0 developed @entity2 one month prior to death, and had moderate @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity11 , grossly enlarged kidneys with hypoechoic masses, and extensive replacement of the renal parenchyma by @entity10 . This picture is typical of @entity3 secondary to lymphomatous replacement of the kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: The development of @entity3 in @entity12 with @entity1 may have varying clinical and imaging manifestations and pathogeneses. Potentially reversible pathogenic mechanisms should be systematically investigated, particularly if the overall clinical picture is not characteristic of @entity3 secondary to lymphomatous replacement of the parenchyma.

title: Oliguric @entity6 in @entity12 with XXXX in the kidneys.

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the clinical picture of @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity12 ( @entity12 ) and @entity1 . To analyze the pathogenesis of @entity3 . METHODS: Correlation of clinical picture, urinary findings, imaging reports and autopsy findings in two @entity0 with long-standing @entity12 who died with @entity3 . CASE SUMMARIES: Both subjects had sustained @entity8 in the last 2 weeks. One @entity0 had persistent @entity4 , normal urinalysis, normal renal sonogram, and scarce @entity9 with preservation of renal parenchymal architecture. He was thought to have ischemic @entity6 not directly linked to the @entity10 . The second @entity0 developed @entity2 one month prior to death, and had moderate @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity11 , grossly enlarged kidneys with hypoechoic masses, and extensive replacement of the renal parenchyma by @entity10 . This picture is typical of @entity3 secondary to lymphomatous replacement of the kidneys. CONCLUSIONS: The development of @entity3 in @entity12 with @entity1 may have varying clinical and imaging manifestations and pathogeneses. Potentially reversible pathogenic mechanisms should be systematically investigated, particularly if the overall clinical picture is not characteristic of @entity3 secondary to lymphomatous replacement of the parenchyma.

title: Oliguric @entity6 in XXXX with @entity10 in the kidneys.

answer: @entity12


abstract: Tongue @entity4 rinsing are basic treatment measures for @entity7 , and as such are categorised as @entity1 ( @entity1 )-1. Although @entity1 -1 is used for treatment of physiologic @entity7 treatment, pseudo-, extra oral pathologic or halitophobic @entity0 must also be managed with @entity1 -1 as well as other treatments. Since the origin of physiological @entity7 is mainly the dorso-posterior region of the tongue, tongue cleaning is more effective than mouth rinsing. However, practitioners should always instruct their @entity0 on how to brush their tongues to prevent harmful effects. Another approach using a @entity3 mouthwash is most effective in reducing oral malodour. However, @entity3 should not be used routinely; therefore, @entity2 -containing mouthwashes have been recommended for use. @entity0 can also use chewing gum to reduce oral malodour. Surprisingly, however, it has been noted that sugarless chewing gum increased @entity8 , one of the principal components of oral malodour. @entity5 did not reduce the concentration of @entity6 mercaptan either, although these products are widely used for their ability to mask oral malodour. There is a need for the development of a novel food or chewing gum that could considerably reduce VSC levels in mouth air to complement @entity1 -1.

title: Tongue @entity4 rinsing as basic treatment measures for XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Tongue @entity4 rinsing are basic treatment measures for @entity7 , and as such are categorised as @entity1 ( @entity1 )-1. Although @entity1 -1 is used for treatment of physiologic @entity7 treatment, pseudo-, extra oral pathologic or halitophobic @entity0 must also be managed with @entity1 -1 as well as other treatments. Since the origin of physiological @entity7 is mainly the dorso-posterior region of the tongue, tongue cleaning is more effective than mouth rinsing. However, practitioners should always instruct their @entity0 on how to brush their tongues to prevent harmful effects. Another approach using a @entity3 mouthwash is most effective in reducing oral malodour. However, @entity3 should not be used routinely; therefore, @entity2 -containing mouthwashes have been recommended for use. @entity0 can also use chewing gum to reduce oral malodour. Surprisingly, however, it has been noted that sugarless chewing gum increased @entity8 , one of the principal components of oral malodour. @entity5 did not reduce the concentration of @entity6 mercaptan either, although these products are widely used for their ability to mask oral malodour. There is a need for the development of a novel food or chewing gum that could considerably reduce VSC levels in mouth air to complement @entity1 -1.

title: Tongue XXXX rinsing as basic treatment measures for @entity7 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity9 ( @entity9 )- @entity8 account for approximately 20% of all @entity7 in @entity0 . @entity5 is an @entity2 with predisposition to @entity1 . The most common @entity1 are @entity3 and @entity1 , including @entity6 , @entity4 , and @entity8 . To investigate the potential role of the @entity10 gene in the pathogenesis of @entity8 , 13 @entity1 were screened for @entity10 mutations and 9 for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the @entity10 locus and flanking regions. In none of the @entity1 were mutations identified. In five of them, the well-known polymorphisms @entity11 and @entity12 were identified and in all 22 @entity1 , the wild-type allele was preserved. The frequency of the polymorphisms was similar to that reported in our and other normal populations. The LOH of the 11q region (including the @entity10 gene), detected in 25% of informative cases, is consistent with the molecular and cytogenetic reports of deletion of chromosome 11 in 13%-41% of @entity8 . These results indicate that mutations in the @entity10 gene do not play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity8 in @entity0 . The LOH in the 11q region may suggest hidden unidentified @entity1 suppressor genes that may be involved in the malignant transformation.

title: @entity10 gene mutations are not involved in XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity9 ( @entity9 )- @entity8 account for approximately 20% of all @entity7 in @entity0 . @entity5 is an @entity2 with predisposition to @entity1 . The most common @entity1 are @entity3 and @entity1 , including @entity6 , @entity4 , and @entity8 . To investigate the potential role of the @entity10 gene in the pathogenesis of @entity8 , 13 @entity1 were screened for @entity10 mutations and 9 for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the @entity10 locus and flanking regions. In none of the @entity1 were mutations identified. In five of them, the well-known polymorphisms @entity11 and @entity12 were identified and in all 22 @entity1 , the wild-type allele was preserved. The frequency of the polymorphisms was similar to that reported in our and other normal populations. The LOH of the 11q region (including the @entity10 gene), detected in 25% of informative cases, is consistent with the molecular and cytogenetic reports of deletion of chromosome 11 in 13%-41% of @entity8 . These results indicate that mutations in the @entity10 gene do not play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity8 in @entity0 . The LOH in the 11q region may suggest hidden unidentified @entity1 suppressor genes that may be involved in the malignant transformation.

title: XXXX gene mutations are not involved in @entity8 in @entity0 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity9 ( @entity9 )- @entity8 account for approximately 20% of all @entity7 in @entity0 . @entity5 is an @entity2 with predisposition to @entity1 . The most common @entity1 are @entity3 and @entity1 , including @entity6 , @entity4 , and @entity8 . To investigate the potential role of the @entity10 gene in the pathogenesis of @entity8 , 13 @entity1 were screened for @entity10 mutations and 9 for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the @entity10 locus and flanking regions. In none of the @entity1 were mutations identified. In five of them, the well-known polymorphisms @entity11 and @entity12 were identified and in all 22 @entity1 , the wild-type allele was preserved. The frequency of the polymorphisms was similar to that reported in our and other normal populations. The LOH of the 11q region (including the @entity10 gene), detected in 25% of informative cases, is consistent with the molecular and cytogenetic reports of deletion of chromosome 11 in 13%-41% of @entity8 . These results indicate that mutations in the @entity10 gene do not play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity8 in @entity0 . The LOH in the 11q region may suggest hidden unidentified @entity1 suppressor genes that may be involved in the malignant transformation.

title: @entity10 gene mutations are not involved in @entity8 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 type 59 (HPV 59) is an oncogenic type related to HPV 18. HPV 59 was recently propagated in the athymic @entity0 xenograft system. A continuous keratinocyte cell line infected with HPV 59 was created from a foreskin xenograft grown in an athymic @entity0 . Cells were cultured beyond passage 50. The cells were highly pleomorphic, containing numerous abnormally shaped nuclei and mitotic figures. HPV 59 sequences were detected in the cells by DNA in situ hybridization in a diffuse nuclear distribution. Southern blots were consistent with an episomal state of HPV 59 DNA at approximately 50 copies per cell. Analysis of the cells using a PCR/reverse blot strip assay, which amplifies a portion of the L1 open reading frame, was strongly positive. Differentiation of cells in monolayers was induced by growth in F medium containing 2 mM @entity2 for 10 days. Cells were harvested as a single tissue-like sheet, and histologic analysis revealed a four-to-six cell-thick layer. Transcripts encoding involucrin, a cornified envelope protein, and the @entity3 viral transcripts were detected after several days of growth in F medium containing 2 mM @entity2 . The @entity4 proteins were detected by immunohistochemical analysis, and virus particles were seen in electron micrographs in a subset of differentiated cells. An extract of differentiated cells was prepared by vigorous sonication and was used to infect foreskin fragments. These fragments were implanted into athymic @entity0 . HPV 59 was detected in the foreskin xenografts removed 4 months later by DNA in situ hybridization and PCR/reverse blot assay. Thus, the complete viral growth cycle, including production on infectious virus, was demonstrated in the HPV 59 immortalized cells grown in a simple culture system.

title: XXXX type 59 immortalized keratinocytes express late viral proteins and infectious virus after calcium stimulation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Despite the success in clinical application, the exact mechanism of shock wave therapy remains unknown. We hypothesized that shock wave therapy induces the ingrowth of @entity6 and improves blood supply to the tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shock wave therapy on @entity6 at the @entity0 . Fifty New Zealand white @entity2 with body weight ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 kg were used in this study. The right limb (the study side) received shock wave therapy to the Achilles tendon near the insertion to bone. The left limb (the control side) received no shock wave therapy. Biopsies of the @entity0 were performed in 0, 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The number of neo-vessels was examined microscopically with @entity4 - @entity5 stain. Neovascularization was confirmed by the angiogenic markers including vessel endothelial growth factor ( @entity1 ) and endothelial @entity3 synthase (eNOS) expressions and endothelial cell proliferation determined by @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression examined microscopically with immunohistochemical stains. The results showed that shock wave therapy produced a significantly higher number of neo-vessels and angiogenesis-related markers including eNOS, @entity1 and @entity7 than the control without shock wave treatment. The eNOS and @entity1 began to rise in as early as one week and remained high for 8 weeks, then declined at 12 weeks; whereas the increases of @entity7 and neo-vessels began at 4 weeks and persisted for 12 weeks. In conclusion, shock wave therapy induces the ingrowth of @entity6 associated with early release of angiogenesis-related markers at the Achilles @entity0 in @entity2 . The @entity6 may play a role to improve blood supply and tissue regeneration at the @entity0 .

title: Shock wave therapy induces XXXX at the @entity0 . A study in @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Despite the success in clinical application, the exact mechanism of shock wave therapy remains unknown. We hypothesized that shock wave therapy induces the ingrowth of @entity6 and improves blood supply to the tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shock wave therapy on @entity6 at the @entity0 . Fifty New Zealand white @entity2 with body weight ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 kg were used in this study. The right limb (the study side) received shock wave therapy to the Achilles tendon near the insertion to bone. The left limb (the control side) received no shock wave therapy. Biopsies of the @entity0 were performed in 0, 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The number of neo-vessels was examined microscopically with @entity4 - @entity5 stain. Neovascularization was confirmed by the angiogenic markers including vessel endothelial growth factor ( @entity1 ) and endothelial @entity3 synthase (eNOS) expressions and endothelial cell proliferation determined by @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression examined microscopically with immunohistochemical stains. The results showed that shock wave therapy produced a significantly higher number of neo-vessels and angiogenesis-related markers including eNOS, @entity1 and @entity7 than the control without shock wave treatment. The eNOS and @entity1 began to rise in as early as one week and remained high for 8 weeks, then declined at 12 weeks; whereas the increases of @entity7 and neo-vessels began at 4 weeks and persisted for 12 weeks. In conclusion, shock wave therapy induces the ingrowth of @entity6 associated with early release of angiogenesis-related markers at the Achilles @entity0 in @entity2 . The @entity6 may play a role to improve blood supply and tissue regeneration at the @entity0 .

title: Shock wave therapy induces @entity6 at the @entity0 . A study in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Despite the success in clinical application, the exact mechanism of shock wave therapy remains unknown. We hypothesized that shock wave therapy induces the ingrowth of @entity6 and improves blood supply to the tissues. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of shock wave therapy on @entity6 at the @entity0 . Fifty New Zealand white @entity2 with body weight ranging from 2.5 to 3.5 kg were used in this study. The right limb (the study side) received shock wave therapy to the Achilles tendon near the insertion to bone. The left limb (the control side) received no shock wave therapy. Biopsies of the @entity0 were performed in 0, 1, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. The number of neo-vessels was examined microscopically with @entity4 - @entity5 stain. Neovascularization was confirmed by the angiogenic markers including vessel endothelial growth factor ( @entity1 ) and endothelial @entity3 synthase (eNOS) expressions and endothelial cell proliferation determined by @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression examined microscopically with immunohistochemical stains. The results showed that shock wave therapy produced a significantly higher number of neo-vessels and angiogenesis-related markers including eNOS, @entity1 and @entity7 than the control without shock wave treatment. The eNOS and @entity1 began to rise in as early as one week and remained high for 8 weeks, then declined at 12 weeks; whereas the increases of @entity7 and neo-vessels began at 4 weeks and persisted for 12 weeks. In conclusion, shock wave therapy induces the ingrowth of @entity6 associated with early release of angiogenesis-related markers at the Achilles @entity0 in @entity2 . The @entity6 may play a role to improve blood supply and tissue regeneration at the @entity0 .

title: Shock wave therapy induces @entity6 at the XXXX . A study in @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Safety studies done with neotame, a sweetener with intense taste, demonstrate that changes in bodyweight (BW) and BW gain (BWG) are due to @entity3 (FC) rather than @entity2 . When offered a choice, @entity1 preferred basal diet to diet with relatively low concentrations of neotame. When no choice was available, @entity1 ate less as concentrations increased, demonstrating @entity5 . Changes in dietary concentrations of neotame resulted in changes in FC. The maximum tolerable doses (MTDs) in @entity1 , @entity4 , and @entity0 were due to decreases in BWG secondary to poor palatability of diets when neotame concentrations exceeded approximately 35,000 ppm. Concentrations were increased as animals grew to maintain constant dosing on a "mg/kg bw/day" basis. Food conversion efficiency (FCE) was not changed in @entity1 during periods of active growth. The only consistent findings across safety studies were reductions in BW, BWG, and FC with no dose-response in @entity1 , @entity0 , and @entity4 . In definitive safety studies, there were no adverse findings related to neotame treatment from clinical observations, physical examinations, water consumption, or clinical pathology evaluations; nor was there morbidity, mortality, organ @entity2 , macroscopic or microscopic postmortem findings. Analysis of data from long-term studies in @entity1 support the conclusion that changes in FC alone can cause the observed changes in BWG in neotame studies when changes are scaled allometrically [Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. (2003)]. Consequently, BW parameters are not appropriate endpoints for setting no-observed-effect levels (NOELs) for neotame.

title: Food consumption and body weight changes with neotame, a new sweetener with intense taste: differentiating effects of palatability from XXXX in dietary safety studies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Respiratory long-term facilitation (LTF), a @entity2 -dependent, persistent augmentation of @entity4 after @entity1 , is enhanced by pretreatment of chronic intermittent @entity1 (CIH; 5 min 11-12% O2-5 min air, 12 h/night for 7 nights). The present study examined the effects of @entity5 ( @entity2 5-HT1,2,5,6,7 receptor antagonist), @entity6 (5-HT2 antagonist), or @entity3 (5-HT2,6,7 antagonist) on both ventilatory LTF and the CIH effect on ventilatory LTF in conscious male adult @entity0 to determine which specific receptor subtype(s) is involved. In untreated @entity0 (i.e., animals not exposed to CIH), LTF, induced by five episodes of 5-min poikilocapnic @entity1 (10% O2) separated by 5-min normoxic intervals, was measured twice by plethysmography. Thus the measurement was conducted 1-2 days before (as control) and approximately 1 h after systemic injection of @entity5 (1 mg/kg ip), @entity6 (1 mg/kg), or @entity3 (1.5 mg/kg). Resting ventilation, metabolic rate, and @entity1 ventilatory response (HVR) were unchanged, but LTF ( approximately 18% above baseline) was eliminated by each drug. In CIH-treated @entity0 , LTF was also measured twice, before and approximately 8 h after CIH. Vehicle, @entity5 , @entity6 , or @entity3 was injected approximately 1 h before the second measurement. Neither resting ventilation nor metabolic rate was changed after CIH and/or any drug. HVR was unchanged after @entity5 and @entity6 but reduced in four of seven @entity3 @entity0 . The CIH-enhanced LTF ( approximately 28%) was abolished by @entity5 and @entity3 but only attenuated by @entity6 (to approximately 10%). Collectively, these data suggest that ventilatory LTF requires 5-HT2 receptors and that the CIH effect on LTF requires non-5-HT2 @entity2 receptors, probably 5-HT6 and/or 5-HT7 subtype(s).

title: @entity2 receptor subtypes required for ventilatory long-term facilitation and its enhancement after chronic intermittent XXXX in awake @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Respiratory long-term facilitation (LTF), a @entity2 -dependent, persistent augmentation of @entity4 after @entity1 , is enhanced by pretreatment of chronic intermittent @entity1 (CIH; 5 min 11-12% O2-5 min air, 12 h/night for 7 nights). The present study examined the effects of @entity5 ( @entity2 5-HT1,2,5,6,7 receptor antagonist), @entity6 (5-HT2 antagonist), or @entity3 (5-HT2,6,7 antagonist) on both ventilatory LTF and the CIH effect on ventilatory LTF in conscious male adult @entity0 to determine which specific receptor subtype(s) is involved. In untreated @entity0 (i.e., animals not exposed to CIH), LTF, induced by five episodes of 5-min poikilocapnic @entity1 (10% O2) separated by 5-min normoxic intervals, was measured twice by plethysmography. Thus the measurement was conducted 1-2 days before (as control) and approximately 1 h after systemic injection of @entity5 (1 mg/kg ip), @entity6 (1 mg/kg), or @entity3 (1.5 mg/kg). Resting ventilation, metabolic rate, and @entity1 ventilatory response (HVR) were unchanged, but LTF ( approximately 18% above baseline) was eliminated by each drug. In CIH-treated @entity0 , LTF was also measured twice, before and approximately 8 h after CIH. Vehicle, @entity5 , @entity6 , or @entity3 was injected approximately 1 h before the second measurement. Neither resting ventilation nor metabolic rate was changed after CIH and/or any drug. HVR was unchanged after @entity5 and @entity6 but reduced in four of seven @entity3 @entity0 . The CIH-enhanced LTF ( approximately 28%) was abolished by @entity5 and @entity3 but only attenuated by @entity6 (to approximately 10%). Collectively, these data suggest that ventilatory LTF requires 5-HT2 receptors and that the CIH effect on LTF requires non-5-HT2 @entity2 receptors, probably 5-HT6 and/or 5-HT7 subtype(s).

title: XXXX receptor subtypes required for ventilatory long-term facilitation and its enhancement after chronic intermittent @entity1 in awake @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Respiratory long-term facilitation (LTF), a @entity2 -dependent, persistent augmentation of @entity4 after @entity1 , is enhanced by pretreatment of chronic intermittent @entity1 (CIH; 5 min 11-12% O2-5 min air, 12 h/night for 7 nights). The present study examined the effects of @entity5 ( @entity2 5-HT1,2,5,6,7 receptor antagonist), @entity6 (5-HT2 antagonist), or @entity3 (5-HT2,6,7 antagonist) on both ventilatory LTF and the CIH effect on ventilatory LTF in conscious male adult @entity0 to determine which specific receptor subtype(s) is involved. In untreated @entity0 (i.e., animals not exposed to CIH), LTF, induced by five episodes of 5-min poikilocapnic @entity1 (10% O2) separated by 5-min normoxic intervals, was measured twice by plethysmography. Thus the measurement was conducted 1-2 days before (as control) and approximately 1 h after systemic injection of @entity5 (1 mg/kg ip), @entity6 (1 mg/kg), or @entity3 (1.5 mg/kg). Resting ventilation, metabolic rate, and @entity1 ventilatory response (HVR) were unchanged, but LTF ( approximately 18% above baseline) was eliminated by each drug. In CIH-treated @entity0 , LTF was also measured twice, before and approximately 8 h after CIH. Vehicle, @entity5 , @entity6 , or @entity3 was injected approximately 1 h before the second measurement. Neither resting ventilation nor metabolic rate was changed after CIH and/or any drug. HVR was unchanged after @entity5 and @entity6 but reduced in four of seven @entity3 @entity0 . The CIH-enhanced LTF ( approximately 28%) was abolished by @entity5 and @entity3 but only attenuated by @entity6 (to approximately 10%). Collectively, these data suggest that ventilatory LTF requires 5-HT2 receptors and that the CIH effect on LTF requires non-5-HT2 @entity2 receptors, probably 5-HT6 and/or 5-HT7 subtype(s).

title: @entity2 receptor subtypes required for ventilatory long-term facilitation and its enhancement after chronic intermittent @entity1 in awake XXXX .

answer: @entity0