abstract: One hundred consecutive @entity0 who underwent diagnostic laparoscopy for suspected @entity4 were evaluated to assess the appropriate clinical setting for laparoscopic appendectomy. The usefulness of diagnostic laparoscopy in the setting of acute @entity3 has been well documented. However, there is debate about the use of laparoscopy for definitive therapy. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the decision making process during diagnostic laparoscopy for suspected @entity4 . When pathology is identified other than in the appendix, the majority of @entity0 can be treated without converting to an open procedure. In @entity0 found to have no obvious pathology, incidental appendectomy can be performed laparoscopically. When @entity4 was identified, the majority of @entity0 could be treated safely without converting to an open technique. However, there were certain clinical situations that necessitated conversion to an open operation. Involvement of the cecum or perforation at the base of the appendix puts the @entity6 at risk for leak and @entity5 formation. Evaluation of the cecum by palpation for a mass should also be performed in this situation. Another situation in which conversion to an open technique is warranted is an @entity6 with adherent small bowel. The friability of bowel wall greatly increases the risk for @entity2 in this setting. Laparoscopy is a useful technique for the diagnosis and treatment of @entity3 even if the appendix is normal on inspection. Conversion to an open operation should be employed when @entity1 or perforation occurs at the base of the appendix and when bowel is found to be adherent to an @entity6 .

title: Diagnostic laparoscopy for suspected XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Although several studies have established the safety and efficacy of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) as compared to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), few studies have investigated the role of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) that incorporates ACDF and @entity3 techniques in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: This prospective study enrolled @entity0 with @entity1 who underwent @entity4 . Twenty consecutive @entity0 who underwent @entity4 were compared with @entity0 who underwent ACDF and @entity3 at the same level of surgery. @entity0 were followed up for more than 2  years. Intraoperative parameters, clinical features and outcome scores were recorded. Radiological assessments included overall range of motion (ROM), disc height (DHI), and changes in adjacent disc spaces. RESULTS: Duration of surgery was significantly shorter for ACDF compared with @entity4 and @entity3 (P  <  0.05). The VAS, SF-36, JOA, and @entity2 scores improved significantly after surgery in all the @entity0 without significant differences among the groups. Cervical ROM increased significantly in @entity3 and @entity4 groups as compared with ACDF-treated @entity0 (P  <  0.05). The mean DHI at the treated level was significantly restored after surgery in all the groups. The @entity4 group returned to work faster (30  days) when compared with both ACDF (62  days) and @entity3 (65  days) (P  <  0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity4 is an effective, reliable, and safe procedure for the treatment @entity1 . Such a surgical construct is comparable to ACDF and @entity3 in terms of safety and feasibility. However, large, randomized controlled trials are warranted.

title: Clinical and radiological features of XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Although several studies have established the safety and efficacy of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) as compared to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF), few studies have investigated the role of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) that incorporates ACDF and @entity3 techniques in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: This prospective study enrolled @entity0 with @entity1 who underwent @entity4 . Twenty consecutive @entity0 who underwent @entity4 were compared with @entity0 who underwent ACDF and @entity3 at the same level of surgery. @entity0 were followed up for more than 2  years. Intraoperative parameters, clinical features and outcome scores were recorded. Radiological assessments included overall range of motion (ROM), disc height (DHI), and changes in adjacent disc spaces. RESULTS: Duration of surgery was significantly shorter for ACDF compared with @entity4 and @entity3 (P  <  0.05). The VAS, SF-36, JOA, and @entity2 scores improved significantly after surgery in all the @entity0 without significant differences among the groups. Cervical ROM increased significantly in @entity3 and @entity4 groups as compared with ACDF-treated @entity0 (P  <  0.05). The mean DHI at the treated level was significantly restored after surgery in all the groups. The @entity4 group returned to work faster (30  days) when compared with both ACDF (62  days) and @entity3 (65  days) (P  <  0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity4 is an effective, reliable, and safe procedure for the treatment @entity1 . Such a surgical construct is comparable to ACDF and @entity3 in terms of safety and feasibility. However, large, randomized controlled trials are warranted.

title: Clinical and radiological features of @entity4 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors performed a prospective evaluation of staging laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasonography in predicting surgical resectability in @entity0 with @entity2 of the pancreatic head and periampullary region. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Pancreatic resection with curative intent is possible in a select minority of @entity0 who have @entity2 of the pancreatic head and periampullary region. @entity0 selection is important to plan appropriate therapy and avoid unnecessary laparotomy in @entity0 with unresectable disease. Laparoscopic ultrasonography is a novel technique that combines the proven benefits of staging laparoscopy with high resolution intraoperative ultrasound of the liver and pancreas, but which has yet to be evaluated critically in the staging of @entity4 . METHODS: A cohort of 40 consecutive @entity0 referred to a tertiary referral center and with a diagnosis of potentially resectable pancreatic or @entity1 underwent staging laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasonography. The diagnostic accuracy of staging laparoscopy alone and in conjunction with laparoscopic ultrasonography was evaluated in predicting @entity1 resectability (absence of peritoneal or liver metastases; absence of @entity1 ; @entity1 confined to pancreatic head or periampullary region). RESULTS: "Occult" metastatic lesions were demonstrated by staging laparoscopy in 14 @entity0 (35%). Laparoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated factors confirming unresectable @entity1 in 23 @entity0 (59%), provided staging information in addition to that of laparoscopy alone in 20 @entity0 (53%), and changed the decision @entity1 resectability in 10 @entity0 (25%). Staging laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasonography was more specific and accurate in predicting @entity1 resectability than laparoscopy alone (88% and 89% versus 50% and 65%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Staging laparoscopy is indispensable in the detection of "occult" intra-abdominal metastases. Laparoscopic ultrasonography improves the accuracy of @entity1 in @entity0 with potentially resectable @entity3 .

title: XXXX of the pancreatic head and periampullary region. @entity1 staging with laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors performed a prospective evaluation of staging laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasonography in predicting surgical resectability in @entity0 with @entity2 of the pancreatic head and periampullary region. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Pancreatic resection with curative intent is possible in a select minority of @entity0 who have @entity2 of the pancreatic head and periampullary region. @entity0 selection is important to plan appropriate therapy and avoid unnecessary laparotomy in @entity0 with unresectable disease. Laparoscopic ultrasonography is a novel technique that combines the proven benefits of staging laparoscopy with high resolution intraoperative ultrasound of the liver and pancreas, but which has yet to be evaluated critically in the staging of @entity4 . METHODS: A cohort of 40 consecutive @entity0 referred to a tertiary referral center and with a diagnosis of potentially resectable pancreatic or @entity1 underwent staging laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasonography. The diagnostic accuracy of staging laparoscopy alone and in conjunction with laparoscopic ultrasonography was evaluated in predicting @entity1 resectability (absence of peritoneal or liver metastases; absence of @entity1 ; @entity1 confined to pancreatic head or periampullary region). RESULTS: "Occult" metastatic lesions were demonstrated by staging laparoscopy in 14 @entity0 (35%). Laparoscopic ultrasonography demonstrated factors confirming unresectable @entity1 in 23 @entity0 (59%), provided staging information in addition to that of laparoscopy alone in 20 @entity0 (53%), and changed the decision @entity1 resectability in 10 @entity0 (25%). Staging laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasonography was more specific and accurate in predicting @entity1 resectability than laparoscopy alone (88% and 89% versus 50% and 65%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Staging laparoscopy is indispensable in the detection of "occult" intra-abdominal metastases. Laparoscopic ultrasonography improves the accuracy of @entity1 in @entity0 with potentially resectable @entity3 .

title: @entity2 of the pancreatic head and periampullary region. XXXX staging with laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Dietary measures, including calorie restriction and reduced fat intake, remain the mainstay of management in prevention of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). When this fails, drug therapy should be considered. Fibrates, a family of lipid lowering drugs, decrease plasma @entity4 and inhibit their synthesis. They are also reported to suppress @entity1 production in the liver. A disadvantage of @entity8 is the poor solubility of the principal ingredient, with subsequent incomplete absorption after oral administration. Micronized @entity8 , a new formulation chemically identical to the parent compound, has improved pharmacokinetic parameters which increase absorption, provide more stable plasma levels, and thus dosage can be decreased. The micronized formulation has been shown to be effective in reducing LDL @entity1 and @entity4 in @entity0 with types IIa and IV @entity3 , with increasing responsiveness to therapy in proportion to elevated baseline values of these parameters. This formulation has also been compared to @entity7 , an @entity6 reductase inhibitor. Results of a double-blind crossover study showed that both drugs reduced plasma @entity1 levels by similar amounts, and both produced similar increases in HDL @entity1 . The micronized formulation of @entity8 thus provides improved efficacy in the prevention of @entity2 . In comparison to the standard formulation, micronised @entity8 thus provides improved efficacy in the control of @entity5 and the prevention of @entity2 .

title: The fibrates in clinical practice: focus on micronised XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence, importance, and history of cardiac involvement in @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity5 . DESIGN: Prospective study; clinical examination, sector and Doppler echocardiography, standard and ambulatory electrocardiography. SETTING: A tertiary referral centre. @entity0 : 21 @entity0 with @entity5 aged 1 day to 16 years (mean 6.3 years); follow up investigations were available in 14 cases (10 retrospective, 4 prospective; mean follow up 4.3 years). RESULTS: @entity3 in the right ventricle (11) and left ventricle (14) as well as in the right atrium (1) were present in 14/21 @entity0 . Two of them had obstruction of the left ventricular inflow and outflow tract related to a @entity1 . In the remaining 7 @entity0 , echocardiography was normal in 4 and equivocal in 3 cases. The standard electrocardiogram (n = 20) showed @entity2 (2), @entity6 (1), @entity4 (2), and repolarisation disturbances (4) in 7/13 @entity0 with @entity7 but was normal in all @entity0 with a normal or equivocal echocardiogram. The ambulatory electrocardiogram (n = 19) showed frequent premature atrial (2) and polymorphous ventricular (2) contractions. The polymorphous ventricular contractions coexisted with @entity7 . No @entity4 that needed medical treatment were found. Follow up investigations showed return to a normal standard electrocardiogram in 3 @entity0 . @entity1 occurred in 6 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 , although often present in these @entity0 with @entity5 , caused neither major @entity4 nor haemodynamic obstruction except in the neonatal period. The indication for operation is limited to cases with life threatening obstruction or @entity4 refractory to medical treatment.

title: @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence, importance, and history of cardiac involvement in @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity5 . DESIGN: Prospective study; clinical examination, sector and Doppler echocardiography, standard and ambulatory electrocardiography. SETTING: A tertiary referral centre. @entity0 : 21 @entity0 with @entity5 aged 1 day to 16 years (mean 6.3 years); follow up investigations were available in 14 cases (10 retrospective, 4 prospective; mean follow up 4.3 years). RESULTS: @entity3 in the right ventricle (11) and left ventricle (14) as well as in the right atrium (1) were present in 14/21 @entity0 . Two of them had obstruction of the left ventricular inflow and outflow tract related to a @entity1 . In the remaining 7 @entity0 , echocardiography was normal in 4 and equivocal in 3 cases. The standard electrocardiogram (n = 20) showed @entity2 (2), @entity6 (1), @entity4 (2), and repolarisation disturbances (4) in 7/13 @entity0 with @entity7 but was normal in all @entity0 with a normal or equivocal echocardiogram. The ambulatory electrocardiogram (n = 19) showed frequent premature atrial (2) and polymorphous ventricular (2) contractions. The polymorphous ventricular contractions coexisted with @entity7 . No @entity4 that needed medical treatment were found. Follow up investigations showed return to a normal standard electrocardiogram in 3 @entity0 . @entity1 occurred in 6 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 , although often present in these @entity0 with @entity5 , caused neither major @entity4 nor haemodynamic obstruction except in the neonatal period. The indication for operation is limited to cases with life threatening obstruction or @entity4 refractory to medical treatment.

title: XXXX in @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The investigation of cortical gray matter (GM), deep GM nuclei, and @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) provides insights into the neurodegenerative process responsible for clinical progression of @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of magnetic resonance imaging measures of cortical, deep GM, and @entity5 and their effect on clinical disability. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Cross-sectional analysis of 26 @entity0 with @entity6 (mean age, 50.9 years; range, 31-65 years; including 14 @entity0 ) and 20 healthy control @entity0 (mean age, 51.1 years; range, 34-63 years; including 11 @entity0 ) enrolled at a single US institution. Clinical disability was measured with the Expanded Disability Status Scale, 9-Hole Peg Test, and 25-Foot Walking Test. We collected data from January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2013. Data analysis was performed from January 21 to April 10, 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Cortical lesion burden, @entity3 , spinal cord area and volume, and scores on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (score range, 0 to 10; higher scores indicate greater disability), 9-Hole Peg Test (measured in seconds; longer performance time indicates greater disability), and 25-Foot Walking Test (test covers 7.5 m; measured in seconds; longer performance time indicates greater disability). RESULTS: The 26 @entity0 with @entity6 showed significantly smaller mean (SD) brain and spinal cord volumes than the 20 control group @entity0 (normalized brain volume, 1377.81 [65.48] vs 1434.06 [53.67] cm3 [P = .003]; normalized white matter volume, 650.61 [46.38] vs 676.75 [37.02] cm3 [P = .045]; normalized gray matter volume, 727.20 [40.74] vs 757.31 [38.95] cm3 [P = .02]; normalized neocortical volume, 567.88 [85.55] vs 645.00 [42.84] cm3 [P =   .001]; normalized spinal cord volume for C2-C5, 72.71 [7.89] vs 82.70 [7.83] mm3 [P < .001]; and normalized spinal cord volume for C2-C3, 64.86 [7.78] vs 72.26 [7.79] mm3 [P =.002]). The amount of @entity3 , especially with respect to the thalamus, was correlated with the number and volume of @entity3 (mean [SD] thalamus volume, 8.89 [1.10] cm3; cortical lesion number, 12.6 [11.7]; cortical lesion volume, 0.65 [0.58] cm3; r = -0.52; P < .01). Thalamic @entity4 also showed an association with cortical lesion count in the frontal cortex (mean [SD] thalamus volume, 8.89 [1.1] cm3; cortical lesion count in the frontal lobe, 5.0 [5.7]; r = -0.60; P < .01). No association was identified between magnetic resonance imaging measures of the brain and @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, the neurodegenerative process occurring in @entity6 appeared to spread across connected structures in the brain while proceeding independently in the spinal cord. These results support the relevance of anatomical connectivity for the propagation of @entity2 in the PP phenotype.

title: Association of Deep Gray Matter Damage With Cortical and XXXX in Primary Progressive @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: IMPORTANCE: The investigation of cortical gray matter (GM), deep GM nuclei, and @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) provides insights into the neurodegenerative process responsible for clinical progression of @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of magnetic resonance imaging measures of cortical, deep GM, and @entity5 and their effect on clinical disability. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Cross-sectional analysis of 26 @entity0 with @entity6 (mean age, 50.9 years; range, 31-65 years; including 14 @entity0 ) and 20 healthy control @entity0 (mean age, 51.1 years; range, 34-63 years; including 11 @entity0 ) enrolled at a single US institution. Clinical disability was measured with the Expanded Disability Status Scale, 9-Hole Peg Test, and 25-Foot Walking Test. We collected data from January 1, 2012, through December 31, 2013. Data analysis was performed from January 21 to April 10, 2015. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Cortical lesion burden, @entity3 , spinal cord area and volume, and scores on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (score range, 0 to 10; higher scores indicate greater disability), 9-Hole Peg Test (measured in seconds; longer performance time indicates greater disability), and 25-Foot Walking Test (test covers 7.5 m; measured in seconds; longer performance time indicates greater disability). RESULTS: The 26 @entity0 with @entity6 showed significantly smaller mean (SD) brain and spinal cord volumes than the 20 control group @entity0 (normalized brain volume, 1377.81 [65.48] vs 1434.06 [53.67] cm3 [P = .003]; normalized white matter volume, 650.61 [46.38] vs 676.75 [37.02] cm3 [P = .045]; normalized gray matter volume, 727.20 [40.74] vs 757.31 [38.95] cm3 [P = .02]; normalized neocortical volume, 567.88 [85.55] vs 645.00 [42.84] cm3 [P =   .001]; normalized spinal cord volume for C2-C5, 72.71 [7.89] vs 82.70 [7.83] mm3 [P < .001]; and normalized spinal cord volume for C2-C3, 64.86 [7.78] vs 72.26 [7.79] mm3 [P =.002]). The amount of @entity3 , especially with respect to the thalamus, was correlated with the number and volume of @entity3 (mean [SD] thalamus volume, 8.89 [1.10] cm3; cortical lesion number, 12.6 [11.7]; cortical lesion volume, 0.65 [0.58] cm3; r = -0.52; P < .01). Thalamic @entity4 also showed an association with cortical lesion count in the frontal cortex (mean [SD] thalamus volume, 8.89 [1.1] cm3; cortical lesion count in the frontal lobe, 5.0 [5.7]; r = -0.60; P < .01). No association was identified between magnetic resonance imaging measures of the brain and @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, the neurodegenerative process occurring in @entity6 appeared to spread across connected structures in the brain while proceeding independently in the spinal cord. These results support the relevance of anatomical connectivity for the propagation of @entity2 in the PP phenotype.

title: Association of Deep Gray Matter Damage With Cortical and @entity5 in Primary Progressive XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Understanding the content of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) questionnaires can facilitate comparison and selection of the most appropriate tool in the assessment of @entity0 with @entity2 . The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), as part of the WHO-FIC, can be used as a standardised method for mapping and comparing HRQOL questionnaire content. The purpose of this study was to link the Bournemouth Questionnaire (BQ) to the ICF in order to assess and compare the content of the BQ to the brief ICF core sets for @entity2 . METHODS: The BQ was linked to the ICF following the rules described by Cieza and Stuki. Following the linking process, the results were further linked to the brief ICF core sets for @entity2 . RESULTS: The BQ covered 21 ICF categories within the domains of body functions and activities and participation. Only five meaningful concepts could not be linked to the ICF. The brief core sets for @entity2 contain 35 categories, identified as important concepts in back @entity1 @entity0 . The BQ covered 10 of the categories of the brief core sets. CONCLUSION: HRQOL tools provide valuable information about the health status of @entity0 . Content comparison based on ICF provides relevant information about the concepts covered and enables selection of the appropriate clinical tools. The BQ is easy to administer and is linked to a number of important concepts contained within the ICF and to concepts considered to be important in the assessment of @entity0 with LBP. Implications for Rehabilitation Selecting appropriate health-related quality of life (HRQOL) tools can prove difficult, with such a variety of them available, and each with varying content. ICF provides a standardised framework for the content assessment of HRQOL tools. Understanding the content of HRQOL tools can facilitate better tool selection and assist in the accurate assessment of @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Linking the Bournemouth Questionnaire for XXXX to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether English proficiency and/or the frequency of interpreter use impacts on health outcomes for @entity1 rehabilitation. METHOD: Study design: Retrospective case-control study. @entity0 : @entity0 admitted for @entity1 rehabilitation. A high English proficiency group comprised @entity0 with native or near native English proficiency (n   =   80), and a low English proficiency group comprised @entity0 who preferred a language other than English (n   =   80). OUTCOME MEASURES: Length of stay (LOS), discharge destination and Functional Independence Measure (FIM). RESULTS: The low English proficiency group showed a greater improvement in FIM from admission to discharge (p   =   0.04). No significant differences were found between groups in LOS, discharge destination and number of encounters with allied health professionals. Increased interpreter usage improved FIM efficiency but did not significantly alter other outcomes. CONCLUSION: English proficiency does not appear to impact on health outcomes in inpatient rehabilitation with a primarily in-house professional interpreter service. However, there is a need for a larger powered study to confirm these findings. Implications for rehabilitation @entity0 with low English proficiency undergoing @entity1 rehabilitation in a setting with a primarily in-house professional interpreter service, achieved similar outcomes to those with high English proficiency irrespective of frequency of interpreter usage. A non-significant increase of 4 days length of stay was observed in the low English proficiency group compared to the high English proficiency group. For @entity0 with low English proficiency, greater change in Functional Independence Measure efficiency scores was observed for those with higher levels of interpreter use relative to those with low interpreter use. Clinicians should optimise use of interpreters with @entity0 with low English proficiency when possible.

title: Does English proficiency impact on health outcomes for inpatients undergoing XXXX rehabilitation?

answer: @entity1


abstract: A group of 554 @entity0 was studied to determine and compare the complications of combined preoperative radiation therapy with surgery and combined surgery with postoperative radiation therapy when used for treatment of @entity2 and inferior hypopharynx. The complications recorded were @entity4 , slough, carotid blowout, glottic insufficiency, pharyngeal stricture, @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity5 , and margins of resection involved with @entity1 . The highest complication rates were in the partial laryngopharyngectomy-postoperative radiation group (63.6%) and in the supraglottic laryngectomy-postoperative radiation group (52.9%). Most of the increase in total complication rate was attributable to higher rates of glottic insufficiency and margins involved with @entity1 categories. The lowest complication rates were in the hemilaryngectomy with no radiation group (4.5%) and the total laryngectomy-postoperative radiation group (12.8%). The complication rate for the supraglottic laryngectomy-postoperative radiation group (52.9%) was significantly higher than for the preoperative radiation-supraglottic laryngectomy group (26.4%). Within the partial laryngopharyngectomy group, there was no significant difference in total complication rate between the use of preoperative (47.2%) or postoperative radiation (63.6%). Within the total laryngectomy group there was no significant difference between complication rates when either preoperative or postoperative radiation was employed. There was no significant difference in the rate of carotid blowout, @entity6 , @entity3 , slough, or @entity5 , between preoperative or postoperative radiation in any of the surgical groups. In general, @entity0 with conservation surgery seem to tolerate postoperative radiation without a prohibitive increase in complications.

title: Complications of combined radiation therapy and surgery for XXXX and inferior hypopharynx.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To study predictive factors for @entity4 (TACE) for @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: Between November 2009 and August 2010, of 254 @entity0 with @entity5 who presented to our multidisciplinary @entity5 clinic for evaluation, 102 (40%) were amenable for TACE. In this prospective study, there were 102 @entity0 with compensated @entity2 with @entity5 and @entity0 -Pugh Class A @entity2 who underwent TACE at the National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University, Egypt. We excluded all @entity0 with prior locoregional therapy, systemic therapy and/or surgical intervention. At baseline and at 1   month postprocedure, laboratory criteria, @entity1 criteria (size, number) and @entity0 -Pugh score were recorded. @entity0 were classified into group 1 (no @entity0 -Pugh point increase after TACE) and group 2 (one or more added @entity0 -Pugh points after TACE, defining @entity4 ). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors predictive of @entity4 . RESULTS: @entity0 were mostly males (82.4%) of mean age 58.4  8.1   years. The only significant changes in laboratory findings at 1   month after TACE were increased international normalised ratio, serum total @entity6 , @entity7 transaminase and aspartate transaminase and decreased serum albumin and a-fetoprotein (AFP). The statistically significant predictive factors for @entity4 using univariate analysis were found to be baseline lower serum albumin, higher serum a-fetoprotein, more @entity3 (BCLC) stage, larger @entity1 size and a greater number of @entity1 nodules; with logistic regression, multivariate analysis found that at baseline larger @entity1 size (p=0.004 at 95% CI), higher serum AFP (p=0.046 at 95% CI) and lower serum albumin (p=0.033 at 95% CI) predicted decompensation; BCLC stage, number of @entity1 nodules and pre-TACE @entity6 did not predict changes in liver function. CONCLUSIONS: Lower serum albumin and increased @entity1 burden (larger @entity1 size/more nodules and higher a-fetoprotein) at baseline may help predict post-TACE decompensation.

title: Predictors of XXXX after TACE for @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: To study predictive factors for @entity4 (TACE) for @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: Between November 2009 and August 2010, of 254 @entity0 with @entity5 who presented to our multidisciplinary @entity5 clinic for evaluation, 102 (40%) were amenable for TACE. In this prospective study, there were 102 @entity0 with compensated @entity2 with @entity5 and @entity0 -Pugh Class A @entity2 who underwent TACE at the National Liver Institute, Menoufiya University, Egypt. We excluded all @entity0 with prior locoregional therapy, systemic therapy and/or surgical intervention. At baseline and at 1   month postprocedure, laboratory criteria, @entity1 criteria (size, number) and @entity0 -Pugh score were recorded. @entity0 were classified into group 1 (no @entity0 -Pugh point increase after TACE) and group 2 (one or more added @entity0 -Pugh points after TACE, defining @entity4 ). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify factors predictive of @entity4 . RESULTS: @entity0 were mostly males (82.4%) of mean age 58.4  8.1   years. The only significant changes in laboratory findings at 1   month after TACE were increased international normalised ratio, serum total @entity6 , @entity7 transaminase and aspartate transaminase and decreased serum albumin and a-fetoprotein (AFP). The statistically significant predictive factors for @entity4 using univariate analysis were found to be baseline lower serum albumin, higher serum a-fetoprotein, more @entity3 (BCLC) stage, larger @entity1 size and a greater number of @entity1 nodules; with logistic regression, multivariate analysis found that at baseline larger @entity1 size (p=0.004 at 95% CI), higher serum AFP (p=0.046 at 95% CI) and lower serum albumin (p=0.033 at 95% CI) predicted decompensation; BCLC stage, number of @entity1 nodules and pre-TACE @entity6 did not predict changes in liver function. CONCLUSIONS: Lower serum albumin and increased @entity1 burden (larger @entity1 size/more nodules and higher a-fetoprotein) at baseline may help predict post-TACE decompensation.

title: Predictors of @entity4 after TACE for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) magnetic-resonance-angiography (MRA) identifies vessel pathology in @entity2 . At 7.0T, the clinical performance of @entity3 -MRA is constrained owing to radio frequency power deposition. We studied the diagnostic value of whole-brain MPRAGE-based MRA as an alternative imaging technique in comparison to the clinical standard 3.0T @entity3 -MRA. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity1 and/or @entity4 were included. @entity3 -MRA was performed at 3.0T and MPRAGE-MRA at 7.0T. Two radiologists rated the MRAs independently for overall quality and local arterial segment visualization. The identification of steno-occlusive pathology was reported for each protocol. RESULTS: In 18 @entity0 (9 females; 6 @entity0 with moya-moya) 7.0T MPRAGE-MRA provided better overall image quality and better distinction of small structures compared to 3.0T @entity3 -MRA. These findings were pronounced in the proximal segments of the anterior cerebral artery (A1), middle cerebral artery (M1, M2), posterior cerebral artery (P1) and the posterior communicating artery. Seven steno-occlusive findings were identified by both imaging protocols. CONCLUSIONS: For clinical studies using ultrahigh field MRI, 7.0T MPRAGE-MRA provides a suitable alternative to @entity3 -MRA imaging to identify brain vessel pathology and yields simultaneous structural brain imaging within clinically feasible acquisition times.

title: Ultrahigh-field MPRAGE Magnetic Resonance Angiography at 7.0T in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) magnetic-resonance-angiography (MRA) identifies vessel pathology in @entity2 . At 7.0T, the clinical performance of @entity3 -MRA is constrained owing to radio frequency power deposition. We studied the diagnostic value of whole-brain MPRAGE-based MRA as an alternative imaging technique in comparison to the clinical standard 3.0T @entity3 -MRA. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity1 and/or @entity4 were included. @entity3 -MRA was performed at 3.0T and MPRAGE-MRA at 7.0T. Two radiologists rated the MRAs independently for overall quality and local arterial segment visualization. The identification of steno-occlusive pathology was reported for each protocol. RESULTS: In 18 @entity0 (9 females; 6 @entity0 with moya-moya) 7.0T MPRAGE-MRA provided better overall image quality and better distinction of small structures compared to 3.0T @entity3 -MRA. These findings were pronounced in the proximal segments of the anterior cerebral artery (A1), middle cerebral artery (M1, M2), posterior cerebral artery (P1) and the posterior communicating artery. Seven steno-occlusive findings were identified by both imaging protocols. CONCLUSIONS: For clinical studies using ultrahigh field MRI, 7.0T MPRAGE-MRA provides a suitable alternative to @entity3 -MRA imaging to identify brain vessel pathology and yields simultaneous structural brain imaging within clinically feasible acquisition times.

title: Ultrahigh-field MPRAGE Magnetic Resonance Angiography at 7.0T in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A 28-year old male was admitted to Musashino Red Cross Hospital on June 21, 1975, because of symptoms of @entity9 and @entity3 . Thirteen months prior to admission he had a mild @entity5 , @entity8 of right arm, @entity1 , @entity7 and unsteady gait, but made a gradual recovery in about 40 days. A month prior to admission he had unsteady gate again wit @entity11 , @entity15 and lacrimation. Gait disturbance aggravated and he was admitted to another hospital, where he developed recent @entity13 and cloudiness of @entity12 . Spinal tap revealed initial pressure of 280 mm CSF. So a @entity2 possibly in the posterior fossa was suspected and the @entity0 was referred to the neurosurgical department of musashino Red Cross Hospital. On admission he was moderately disorientated and disturbed in recent memory. Wide based gait, horizontal and @entity6 were also noted. Angiography revealed rounding of the curve of the pericallosal artery but no space occupying lesions. External ventricular drainage was performed on July 25, 1975. After the operation, his orientation improved without change in @entity11 , @entity13 . Ventriculography showed @entity10 with cisternography revealed a block at the basal cisterns. PPDs was negative and typical sarcoid tubercles were found in the biopsy specimen of the cervical lymphnode. Kveim test was positive. But repeated chest roentgenogram failed to show @entity14 , or other changes consistent with @entity16 . @entity4 therapy resulted in marked symptomatic improvement.

title: [A case of CNS sarcoidosis -case report of XXXX due to mechanical obstruction secondary to sarcoid granulomata at the outlet of the fourth ventricle (author's transl)].

answer: @entity10


abstract: Two cases of @entity6 or @entity7 of the cerebellum are presented. This brings the total number of such cases reported in the literature to 42. Pathologically the disease is characterized by a circumscribed @entity1 consisting of thickening of the cortex with closely packed @entity8 cells in the granular layer and with large myelinated axons in the molecular layer. Purkinje cells are missing and the central white matter is greatly reduced. The first @entity0 , a @entity0 39 years of age, had in association to the @entity1 , a @entity10 brain (2320 g). He had suffered from @entity4 since he was 24-years-old and died with metastasizing @entity5 . An electron microscopic study of the @entity1 disclosed perikarya containing large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, cell processes filled with coated and dense core vesicles. In addition, there were numerous enlarged myelinated axons in the molecular layer. The second @entity0 , a @entity0 74 years of age, had a small area of @entity7 of the left cerebellar hemisphere measuring one centimeter in diameter. Specific symptoms were very scant in the first case and absent in the second one indicating a very slow evolution - if any - of the disease process. The etiology and pathogenesis remain unknown. However, the organoid structure of the lesion, the frequent association of @entity9 and other @entity2 , and the occurrence of familiar cases would favor the disease being basically a @entity3 .

title: XXXX ( @entity7 of the cerebellum). Report of two cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Two cases of @entity6 or @entity7 of the cerebellum are presented. This brings the total number of such cases reported in the literature to 42. Pathologically the disease is characterized by a circumscribed @entity1 consisting of thickening of the cortex with closely packed @entity8 cells in the granular layer and with large myelinated axons in the molecular layer. Purkinje cells are missing and the central white matter is greatly reduced. The first @entity0 , a @entity0 39 years of age, had in association to the @entity1 , a @entity10 brain (2320 g). He had suffered from @entity4 since he was 24-years-old and died with metastasizing @entity5 . An electron microscopic study of the @entity1 disclosed perikarya containing large amounts of rough endoplasmic reticulum, cell processes filled with coated and dense core vesicles. In addition, there were numerous enlarged myelinated axons in the molecular layer. The second @entity0 , a @entity0 74 years of age, had a small area of @entity7 of the left cerebellar hemisphere measuring one centimeter in diameter. Specific symptoms were very scant in the first case and absent in the second one indicating a very slow evolution - if any - of the disease process. The etiology and pathogenesis remain unknown. However, the organoid structure of the lesion, the frequent association of @entity9 and other @entity2 , and the occurrence of familiar cases would favor the disease being basically a @entity3 .

title: @entity6 ( XXXX of the cerebellum). Report of two cases.

answer: @entity7


abstract: We conducted a pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on @entity7 (CZOP), a new cephem antibiotic for injection. 1. Changes in serum levels of the agent after intravenous bolus injection at a dose of 20 mg/kg to 4 pediatric @entity0 (age: 5-10 years) were observed. The levels at 30 minutes after injection were 32.9-73.4 micrograms/ml average: 55.4 +/- 18.1 micrograms/ml), then the levels gradually decreased with half-lives of 1.67-2.24 hours (average: 1.85 +/- 0.27 hours) to 0.8-1.8 micrograms/ml (average: 1.2 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml) at 8 hours after injections. Urinary levels reached at the maximum as, 1,773-3,450 micrograms/ml (average: 2,693 +/- 698 micrograms/ml) within 0-2 hours or 2-4 hours after injection, and recovery rates from urine in the first 8 hours after injection were 55.4-91.1% (average: 71.6 +/- 16.8%). 2. Transition to cerebrospinal fluid was examined in cases with @entity3 and @entity9 . In the @entity3 case, the level in cerebrospinal fluid 1 hour after administration was 8.8 micrograms/ml in the second day after the start of 4 times a day intravenous bolus injections with 42.5 mg/kg at each dose; The ratio of the drug level in cerebrospinal fluid to that in serum was 24.0%. In the @entity9 , the levels in cerebrospinal fluid 1 hour after administrations were 1.1 micrograms/ml and 1.5 micrograms/ml in the second and the sixth days respectively, after the start of 4 times a day intravenous bolus injections with 50 mg/kg at each dose; the ratio of the levels in cerebrospinal fluid to those in sera were 0.93% and 2.41% respectively, at the second and the sixth day. 3. CZOP was clinically evaluated in 29 cases (ages: 2 months to 15 years) of pediatric @entity1 . The agent was administered 3-4 times daily with 17-50 mg/kg at each dose, continued for 5-13 days. Total doses were 1.95-24.05 g. Clinical efficacy was evaluated in a total of 28 cases (1 case of @entity3 , 2 cases of acute @entity8 , 20 cases of @entity4 , 3 cases of @entity2 , 1 case of purulent @entity6 in cervical part and 1 case of @entity5 in face); The efficacies were "excellent" in 22 cases and "good" in 6 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Pharmacokinetic and clinical evaluation of XXXX in the pediatric field].

answer: @entity7


abstract: The comparison of the in vitro-susceptibility of Candida isolates collected from the oral cavity of different groups of @entity0 to @entity2 ist reported. The isolates of @entity1 - @entity0 treated with @entity2 , @entity1 - @entity0 and dermatological @entity0 without @entity2 exposure were investigated. The in vitro-susceptibility of these isolates was determined by microdilution test and agar diffusion test. 88.7% of the 194 Candida isolates were susceptible in vitro, 6.7% less sensitive and 4.6% resistant to @entity2 . Comparing the susceptibility within the groups there was a higher number of isolates less sensitive (14.7%) and resistant (11.8%) to @entity2 in the group of @entity1 - @entity0 treated with @entity2 than in the other 2 groups without treatment. The less sensitive isolates were 4 @entity3 and 6 @entity4 . The resistant isolates were 2 @entity3 , 2 @entity4 and 4 C. krusei. In the group of @entity1 - @entity0 without @entity2 exposure there were only 2.7% of the isolates less sensitive (2 @entity4 ) and 1.4% resistant to @entity2 (1 @entity4 ). In dermatological @entity0 there were 2% of the isolates less sensitive (2 @entity4 ) and no resistant isolate. Resistance both in vivo and in vitro was found in 2 @entity0 .

title: [ XXXX sensitivity of Candida strains in vitro in the microdilution test and agar diffusion test].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Sixteen @entity0 with spontaneous @entity5 due to @entity1 are discussed. The total number of @entity0 with @entity1 treated in the period concerned was 594, so the incidence of @entity1 @entity3 was 2.7%. In most of the @entity0 we found metastatic @entity1 (n = 6) and @entity2 (n = 3). All @entity0 were acute admissions. Seven were @entity4 , seven were somnolent, and two @entity0 were alert. In ten @entity0 the @entity3 represented the first reliable clinical sign. In six @entity0 a @entity1 disease was known. Fourteen @entity0 were operated on. Six @entity0 died. Extensive neuro-radiological examination is very important, particularly since 30% of these acute intracerebral @entity3 occur in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: [Intracerebral hematoma as an acute manifestation of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Changes of FHR long term variability (LTV) were studied in four groups of @entity0 under different types of @entity2 . The LTV was evaluated according to our visual criteria in each episode of more than one minute of duration on baseline fetal heart rate level between contractions. In the balanced anesthesia group incidence of the episodes with LTV decreased significantly after the administration of @entity4 and @entity6 (64%-30%), further decreasing after the injection of @entity8 , but it increased to some degree within 20 min. before delivery. In the epidural group the change of LTV was mild, but the LTV decreased after each administration of 0.25% @entity3 (58%-44%-36%). It is also showed mild increase within 20 min. before delivery. @entity1 was persistently noted until the end of labor from 20-40 min. after the administration of @entity4 and @entity7 in the modified NLA group. The change in paracervical block group was quite different from the other groups. The incidence of episodes with LTV was increased after the injection of 1% @entity5 (35%-41%). There was no significant different of blood gas and acid-base balance among four types of @entity2 .

title: [FHR long term variability under various obstetrics XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of @entity3 were measured in 18 fasting adult subjects (9 male, 9 female) administered abuse doses of @entity5 (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in 500 ml orange juice. Six subjects were studied at each dose. Plasma @entity1 concentrations increased significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) over baseline values after ingestion of each dose. However, the increase was small in each case, and maximal levels observed were below those noted postprandially in formula-fed @entity0 . No significant changes (p greater than 0.05) were noted in erythrocyte @entity4 , or erythrocyte @entity1 concentrations after any dose. Plasma @entity2 concentrations increased significantly over fasting concentrations (p less than 0.01) from 15 min to 6 h after each dose, and the increase was proportional to dose. Mean (+/- SD) peak plasma @entity2 concentrations were 20.3 +/- 2.03, 35.1 +/- 11.3, and 48.7 +/- 15.5 mumol/dl, respectively, after @entity5 doses of 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg. Erythrocyte @entity2 concentrations showed similar changes. Although these @entity2 concentrations are considerably above the normal postprandial range (12 +/- 3 mumol/dl), they are below values associated with toxic findings. These data indicate little risk to normal subjects from excessive @entity1 or @entity2 levels after ingestion of single abuse loads of @entity5 .

title: Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of free XXXX in adult @entity0 administered abuse doses of @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of @entity3 were measured in 18 fasting adult subjects (9 male, 9 female) administered abuse doses of @entity5 (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in 500 ml orange juice. Six subjects were studied at each dose. Plasma @entity1 concentrations increased significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) over baseline values after ingestion of each dose. However, the increase was small in each case, and maximal levels observed were below those noted postprandially in formula-fed @entity0 . No significant changes (p greater than 0.05) were noted in erythrocyte @entity4 , or erythrocyte @entity1 concentrations after any dose. Plasma @entity2 concentrations increased significantly over fasting concentrations (p less than 0.01) from 15 min to 6 h after each dose, and the increase was proportional to dose. Mean (+/- SD) peak plasma @entity2 concentrations were 20.3 +/- 2.03, 35.1 +/- 11.3, and 48.7 +/- 15.5 mumol/dl, respectively, after @entity5 doses of 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg. Erythrocyte @entity2 concentrations showed similar changes. Although these @entity2 concentrations are considerably above the normal postprandial range (12 +/- 3 mumol/dl), they are below values associated with toxic findings. These data indicate little risk to normal subjects from excessive @entity1 or @entity2 levels after ingestion of single abuse loads of @entity5 .

title: Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of free @entity3 in adult @entity0 administered abuse doses of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of @entity3 were measured in 18 fasting adult subjects (9 male, 9 female) administered abuse doses of @entity5 (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) dissolved in 500 ml orange juice. Six subjects were studied at each dose. Plasma @entity1 concentrations increased significantly (p less than or equal to 0.05) over baseline values after ingestion of each dose. However, the increase was small in each case, and maximal levels observed were below those noted postprandially in formula-fed @entity0 . No significant changes (p greater than 0.05) were noted in erythrocyte @entity4 , or erythrocyte @entity1 concentrations after any dose. Plasma @entity2 concentrations increased significantly over fasting concentrations (p less than 0.01) from 15 min to 6 h after each dose, and the increase was proportional to dose. Mean (+/- SD) peak plasma @entity2 concentrations were 20.3 +/- 2.03, 35.1 +/- 11.3, and 48.7 +/- 15.5 mumol/dl, respectively, after @entity5 doses of 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg. Erythrocyte @entity2 concentrations showed similar changes. Although these @entity2 concentrations are considerably above the normal postprandial range (12 +/- 3 mumol/dl), they are below values associated with toxic findings. These data indicate little risk to normal subjects from excessive @entity1 or @entity2 levels after ingestion of single abuse loads of @entity5 .

title: Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of free @entity3 in adult XXXX administered abuse doses of @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A method of quantifying the risk of complication following penetrating @entity4 is described. A @entity1 index score was calculated by assigning a risk factor (1-5) to each organ injured and then multiplying this by a severity of injury estimate (1-5). The sum of the individual organ scores comprised the final penetrating @entity1 index (P.A.T.I.). A consecutive series from 1975 to 1979 of 108 @entity5 wounds and 114 gunshot wounds to the abdomen requiring laparotomy were analyzed by this scheme. Only @entity0 surviving 24 hours postoperatively were evaluated. Gunshot wounds resulted in P.A.T.I. scores greater than 25 in 39 (34%) of the @entity0 . This was associated with a 46% complication rate and contrasted to a 7% incidence when the P.A.T.I. was equal to or less than 25. Following abdominal stab wounds six (6%) of the @entity0 had P.A.T.I. scores exceeding 25. Complications developed in 50% of this group compared to 5% when the P.A.T.I. was less than 25. Using the P.A.T.I., we conclude that gunshot victims are more likely to need @entity1 center treatment than those with stab wounds. The P.A.T.I. also might facilitate cost analysis of @entity1 care. The ability to assess effects of @entity0 age, sex, amount of @entity2 , duration of @entity3 , and metabolic response to injury might further enhance the therapeutic implications in both penetrating and blunt @entity4 .

title: Penetrating XXXX index.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Texture patterns of hepatic @entity1 are one of the important biomarkers to diagnose and classify @entity3 from initial to end stage on computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) images. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of @entity5 using texture features has become popular in recent research advances. To date, however, properly selecting effective texture features and image parameters is still mostly undetermined and not well-defined. In this study, different types of datasets acquired from CT and MR images are investigated to select the optimal parameters and features for the proper classification of @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 149 @entity0 were scanned by multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) and 218 @entity0 were scanned using 1.5T and 3T superconducting MR scanners for an abdominal examination. All cases were verified by needle biopsies as the gold standard of our experiment, ranging from 0 (no @entity1 ) to 5 ( @entity1 ). For each case, at least four sequenced phase images are acquired by CT or MR scanners: pre-contrast, arterial, portal venous and equilibrium phase. For both imaging modalities, 15 texture features calculated from gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) are extracted within an ROI in liver as one set of input vectors. Each combination of these input subsets is checked by using support vector machine (SVM) with leave-one-case-out method to differentiate @entity1 into two groups: non- @entity1 or @entity1 . In addition, 10 ROIs in the liver are manually selected in a disperse manner by experienced radiologist from each sequenced image and each of the 15 features are averaged across the 10 ROIs for each case to reduce the validation time. The number of input items is selected from the various combinations of 15 features, from which the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is calculated by counting the percentage of correct answers on each combination of features aggregated to determine a liver stage score and then compared to the gold standard. RESULTS: According to the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) calculated from each combination, the optimal number of texture features to classify liver @entity1 degree ranges from 4 to 7, no matter which modality was utilized. The overall performance calculated by the average sum of maximum @entity4 value of all 15 features is 66.83% in CT images, while 68.14%, and 71.98% in MR images, respectively; among the 15 texture features, mean gray value and entropy are the most commonly used features in all 3 imaging datasets. The correlation feature has the lowest @entity4 value and was removed as an effective feature in all datasets. @entity4 value tends to increase with the injection of contrast agency, and both CT and MR images reach the highest @entity4 performance during the equilibrium phase. CONCLUSIONS: Comparing the accuracy of classification with two imaging modalities, the MR images have an advantage over CT images with regards to @entity4 performance of the 15 selected texture features, while 3T MRI is better than 1.5T MRI to classify liver @entity1 . Finally, the texture analysis is more effective during equilibrium phase than in any of the other phased images.

title: Effective staging of XXXX by the selected texture features of liver: Which one is better, CT or MR imaging?

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Methods currently used to analyse @entity4 caused by @entity1 such as @entity5 and metastatic @entity0 vary from basic 2-D X-ray analysis to 2-D images of micro-CT datasets analysed with non-specialised image software such as ImageJ. However, these methods have significant limitations. They do not capture 3-D data, they are time-consuming and they often suffer from inter-user variability. We therefore sought to develop a rapid and reproducible method to analyse 3-D @entity4 in @entity2 with @entity6 . To this end, we have developed Osteolytica, an image analysis software method featuring an easy to use, step-by-step interface to measure @entity3 . Osteolytica utilises novel graphics card acceleration (parallel computing) and 3-D rendering to provide rapid reconstruction and analysis of @entity4 . To evaluate the use of Osteolytica we analysed tibial micro-CT datasets from @entity2 models of @entity6 and compared the results to those obtained using a standard ImageJ analysis method. Firstly, to assess inter-user variability we deployed four independent researchers to analyse tibial datasets from the U266-NSG @entity2 model of @entity5 . Using ImageJ, inter-user variability between the bones was substantial (  19.6%), in contrast to using Osteolytica, which demonstrated minimal variability (  0.5%). Secondly, tibial datasets from U266-bearing NSG @entity2 or BALB/c @entity2 injected with the metastatic @entity0 cell line 4T1 were compared to tibial datasets from aged and sex-matched @entity1 control @entity2 . Analyses by both Osteolytica and ImageJ showed significant @entity3 area in tumour-bearing @entity2 compared to control @entity2 . These results confirm that Osteolytica performs as well as the current 2-D ImageJ osteolytic lesion analysis method. However, Osteolytica is advantageous in that it analyses over the entirety of the bone volume (as opposed to selected 2-D images), it is a more rapid method and it has less user variability.

title: Osteolytica: An automated image analysis software package that rapidly measures XXXX in in vivo models with greater reproducibility compared to other commonly used methods.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess whether @entity2 ( @entity2 ) slows the progression of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in older @entity0 . DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a 52-week randomized controlled trial of @entity2 , the Brain Power Study. SETTING: Community center and research center. @entity0 : Of 155 community-dwelling @entity0 aged 65 to 75 enrolled in the Brain Power Study, 54 who had evidence of @entity1 on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline were included in this secondary analysis. INTERVENTION: @entity0 were randomized to once-weekly @entity2 (1* @entity2 ), twice-weekly @entity2 (2* @entity2 ), or twice-weekly balance and tone (BAT). Assessors were blinded to @entity0 assignments. MEASUREMENTS: WML volume was measured using MRI at baseline and trial completion. RESULTS: At trial completion, the 2* @entity2 group had significantly lower WML volume than the BAT group (P  =  .03). There was no significant difference between the BAT group and the 1* @entity2 group at trial completion (P  =  .77). Among @entity0 in the two @entity2 groups, reduced WML progression over 12  months was significantly associated with maintenance of gait speed (correlation coefficient (r)  =  -0.31, P  =  .049) but not with executive functions (r  =  0.30; P  =  .06). CONCLUSION: Engaging in progressive @entity2 may reduce WML progression.

title: Resistance Training and White Matter Lesion Progression in Older XXXX : Exploratory Analysis of a 12-Month Randomized Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Ranging behavior is an important element of how nonhuman primates obtain sufficient resources to ensure biological maintenance and reproductive success. As most primates live in permanent social groups, group members must balance the benefits of group living with the costs of intragroup competition for resources. One way to mitigate the cost of intragroup feeding competition is to increase foraging-related travel, thereby increasing the number of patches visited. As a result we might expect home range size to increase as a function of group size. On the other hand, for perennially territorial species, ranging behavior may be constrained by the ranging requirements of territorial defense or by the location of neighboring territories, which would result in long-term stability in the size and location of a group's home range. In this study, we examined changes in range-use characteristics in one well-habituated group of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) during three study periods over a 10-year span. Group size changed from five members, two adults, two juveniles, and one @entity0 , in 1994, to two adults in 2002, and to three adults and one sub-adult in 2004. Despite inter-annual changes in core area use we found that home range location was highly stable across years. Nevertheless, home range size was larger and daily path length significantly longer in 2002 relative to 1994 when a dependent @entity0 was present in the group. The percentage of time adults spent resting was also significantly greater in 1994 when the @entity0 was present. These findings highlight the importance of considering group composition, in addition to group size, when evaluating the determinants of ranging behavior. We also consider the influence of individual and shared knowledge on home range stability.

title: Long-term home range use in XXXX ( @entity1 ) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Ranging behavior is an important element of how nonhuman primates obtain sufficient resources to ensure biological maintenance and reproductive success. As most primates live in permanent social groups, group members must balance the benefits of group living with the costs of intragroup competition for resources. One way to mitigate the cost of intragroup feeding competition is to increase foraging-related travel, thereby increasing the number of patches visited. As a result we might expect home range size to increase as a function of group size. On the other hand, for perennially territorial species, ranging behavior may be constrained by the ranging requirements of territorial defense or by the location of neighboring territories, which would result in long-term stability in the size and location of a group's home range. In this study, we examined changes in range-use characteristics in one well-habituated group of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) during three study periods over a 10-year span. Group size changed from five members, two adults, two juveniles, and one @entity0 , in 1994, to two adults in 2002, and to three adults and one sub-adult in 2004. Despite inter-annual changes in core area use we found that home range location was highly stable across years. Nevertheless, home range size was larger and daily path length significantly longer in 2002 relative to 1994 when a dependent @entity0 was present in the group. The percentage of time adults spent resting was also significantly greater in 1994 when the @entity0 was present. These findings highlight the importance of considering group composition, in addition to group size, when evaluating the determinants of ranging behavior. We also consider the influence of individual and shared knowledge on home range stability.

title: Long-term home range use in @entity1 ( XXXX ) in Khao Yai National Park, Thailand.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Renal function in 31 @entity0 with mild to moderate @entity3 (NYHA Classes II-III) was studied before and during treatment with @entity4 -inhibitors. Maximal treatment doses were based on randomization: @entity5 3 x 12.5 mg or @entity6 or @entity7 , both 1 x 10 mg. Before therapy and at the end of titration phase (after 6 days) glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow were determined from inulin and PAH clearance (steady-state method). In the total study group the median arterial pressure significantly decreased from 94 mmHg to 84 mmHg (p < 0.01), whereas glomerular filtration rate was only moderately, however, significantly reduced from 103 ml/min to 97 ml/min (median values, p < 0.01). Renal blood flow, however, increased from 372 ml/min to 403 ml/min (p < 0.01). Changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFRd) were significantly dependent on those of renal blood flow (GFRd = 0.07 RPFd - 9.2; p < 0.05). All three @entity4 -inhibitors showed similar changes in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow. Ten of the @entity0 had additionally received cyclooxygenase inhibitors. With respect to severity of @entity3 and renal function these @entity0 did not differ from the remaining 21 @entity0 of the group. In both groups, a decrease of glomerular filtration rate was found, however, in those @entity0 who had received @entity2 there was no @entity1 . CONCLUSION: A small, however significant decrease of glomerular filtration rate is already seen in @entity0 with mild to moderate @entity3 treated with @entity4 -inhibitors. Increase of renal blood flow counteracts the decrease of glomerular filtration rate. During concomitant application of @entity2 the @entity1 remains absent.

title: [Therapy with @entity4 inhibitors in chronic XXXX and limited kidney function].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Renal function in 31 @entity0 with mild to moderate @entity3 (NYHA Classes II-III) was studied before and during treatment with @entity4 -inhibitors. Maximal treatment doses were based on randomization: @entity5 3 x 12.5 mg or @entity6 or @entity7 , both 1 x 10 mg. Before therapy and at the end of titration phase (after 6 days) glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow were determined from inulin and PAH clearance (steady-state method). In the total study group the median arterial pressure significantly decreased from 94 mmHg to 84 mmHg (p < 0.01), whereas glomerular filtration rate was only moderately, however, significantly reduced from 103 ml/min to 97 ml/min (median values, p < 0.01). Renal blood flow, however, increased from 372 ml/min to 403 ml/min (p < 0.01). Changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFRd) were significantly dependent on those of renal blood flow (GFRd = 0.07 RPFd - 9.2; p < 0.05). All three @entity4 -inhibitors showed similar changes in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow. Ten of the @entity0 had additionally received cyclooxygenase inhibitors. With respect to severity of @entity3 and renal function these @entity0 did not differ from the remaining 21 @entity0 of the group. In both groups, a decrease of glomerular filtration rate was found, however, in those @entity0 who had received @entity2 there was no @entity1 . CONCLUSION: A small, however significant decrease of glomerular filtration rate is already seen in @entity0 with mild to moderate @entity3 treated with @entity4 -inhibitors. Increase of renal blood flow counteracts the decrease of glomerular filtration rate. During concomitant application of @entity2 the @entity1 remains absent.

title: [Therapy with XXXX inhibitors in chronic @entity3 and limited kidney function].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Scientific methods and models are interdependent. That the techniques one uses determine which findings one gets, is evident. But equally important is the influence of our a priori expectations; they may cause us to choose inadvertently those methods that are most likely to yield results that appear to confirm an already preconceived picture of reality. The conceptual models and methods of @entity0 cytogenetics are to a large extent inherited from @entity4 and @entity3 cytogenetics. We illustrate how this may bias the generation and interpretation of new findings, especially when @entity1 are investigated. These @entity1 much more often harbor cytogenetically unrelated clones than do hematologic or @entity2 . @entity1 cytogenetics is therefore extremely susceptible to selection differences, making the results heavily dependent on which sample is processed, how it is disaggregated, how and for how long the cells are cultured, and on how the analysis is performed and the results presented. This calls for more efforts to be directed toward establishing also the phenotypic nature of those cells that are being karyotyped. As one cannot yet quality-grade most clonal chromosome changes in any reliable manner, meaning that one cannot determine to what extent each aberration or each clone contributes to the @entity0 , statements about the "true" karyotypes of @entity0 parenchymas should be viewed with suspicion. A complete @entity1 karyotype may be much more complex than extrapolations from the analysis of a few cells may lead one to believe.

title: Interrelationship between methodological choices and conceptual models in XXXX cytogenetics.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Tumorigenesis is a multistep genetic process requiring several somatic mutations for @entity0 . These mutations appear to be sequential, random, and independent events. However, we find linked, nonrandom ras mutations occurring during @entity7 -induced @entity2 months after exposure to the carcinogen had ceased. The carcinogen had been topically applied to the oral cavity of CBA @entity1 for 4 to 16 weeks. @entity5 developed after 24 weeks, and @entity3 in situ and @entity4 developed after 28 weeks. @entity9 mutations were detected in 13 of 25 tissue specimens (10 of 14 invasive @entity3 in situ, 1 of 5 @entity8 tissue, and 0 of 2 normal tissues). Approximately one-half of the @entity0 had G to A point mutations at codon 12 of the cellular @entity9 proto-oncogene on @entity1 chromosome 7. None had codon 11, 13, or 61 mutations. Loss of heterozygosity occurred in 5 of 14 invasive @entity0 . @entity4 consistently lost the wild-type allele, whereas @entity6 and small @entity0 were heterozygous for ras. This suggests a causal relationship between carcinogen treatment, @entity9 activation, and initiation of @entity2 . The wild-type allele in @entity1 chromosome 7 is lost with the progression of @entity2 long after exposure to the carcinogen. Thus, loss of heterozygosity of the ras gene appears to occur without multiple carcinogen-induced mutations, i.e., as a result of a cascade of events induced by an earlier ras mutation.

title: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) point mutations are induced by @entity7 in @entity1 oral squamous epithelia, XXXX and loss of heterozygosity occur without additional exposure.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Tumorigenesis is a multistep genetic process requiring several somatic mutations for @entity0 . These mutations appear to be sequential, random, and independent events. However, we find linked, nonrandom ras mutations occurring during @entity7 -induced @entity2 months after exposure to the carcinogen had ceased. The carcinogen had been topically applied to the oral cavity of CBA @entity1 for 4 to 16 weeks. @entity5 developed after 24 weeks, and @entity3 in situ and @entity4 developed after 28 weeks. @entity9 mutations were detected in 13 of 25 tissue specimens (10 of 14 invasive @entity3 in situ, 1 of 5 @entity8 tissue, and 0 of 2 normal tissues). Approximately one-half of the @entity0 had G to A point mutations at codon 12 of the cellular @entity9 proto-oncogene on @entity1 chromosome 7. None had codon 11, 13, or 61 mutations. Loss of heterozygosity occurred in 5 of 14 invasive @entity0 . @entity4 consistently lost the wild-type allele, whereas @entity6 and small @entity0 were heterozygous for ras. This suggests a causal relationship between carcinogen treatment, @entity9 activation, and initiation of @entity2 . The wild-type allele in @entity1 chromosome 7 is lost with the progression of @entity2 long after exposure to the carcinogen. Thus, loss of heterozygosity of the ras gene appears to occur without multiple carcinogen-induced mutations, i.e., as a result of a cascade of events induced by an earlier ras mutation.

title: XXXX ( @entity9 ) point mutations are induced by @entity7 in @entity1 oral squamous epithelia, @entity4 and loss of heterozygosity occur without additional exposure.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Tumorigenesis is a multistep genetic process requiring several somatic mutations for @entity0 . These mutations appear to be sequential, random, and independent events. However, we find linked, nonrandom ras mutations occurring during @entity7 -induced @entity2 months after exposure to the carcinogen had ceased. The carcinogen had been topically applied to the oral cavity of CBA @entity1 for 4 to 16 weeks. @entity5 developed after 24 weeks, and @entity3 in situ and @entity4 developed after 28 weeks. @entity9 mutations were detected in 13 of 25 tissue specimens (10 of 14 invasive @entity3 in situ, 1 of 5 @entity8 tissue, and 0 of 2 normal tissues). Approximately one-half of the @entity0 had G to A point mutations at codon 12 of the cellular @entity9 proto-oncogene on @entity1 chromosome 7. None had codon 11, 13, or 61 mutations. Loss of heterozygosity occurred in 5 of 14 invasive @entity0 . @entity4 consistently lost the wild-type allele, whereas @entity6 and small @entity0 were heterozygous for ras. This suggests a causal relationship between carcinogen treatment, @entity9 activation, and initiation of @entity2 . The wild-type allele in @entity1 chromosome 7 is lost with the progression of @entity2 long after exposure to the carcinogen. Thus, loss of heterozygosity of the ras gene appears to occur without multiple carcinogen-induced mutations, i.e., as a result of a cascade of events induced by an earlier ras mutation.

title: @entity9 ( XXXX ) point mutations are induced by @entity7 in @entity1 oral squamous epithelia, @entity4 and loss of heterozygosity occur without additional exposure.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Tumorigenesis is a multistep genetic process requiring several somatic mutations for @entity0 . These mutations appear to be sequential, random, and independent events. However, we find linked, nonrandom ras mutations occurring during @entity7 -induced @entity2 months after exposure to the carcinogen had ceased. The carcinogen had been topically applied to the oral cavity of CBA @entity1 for 4 to 16 weeks. @entity5 developed after 24 weeks, and @entity3 in situ and @entity4 developed after 28 weeks. @entity9 mutations were detected in 13 of 25 tissue specimens (10 of 14 invasive @entity3 in situ, 1 of 5 @entity8 tissue, and 0 of 2 normal tissues). Approximately one-half of the @entity0 had G to A point mutations at codon 12 of the cellular @entity9 proto-oncogene on @entity1 chromosome 7. None had codon 11, 13, or 61 mutations. Loss of heterozygosity occurred in 5 of 14 invasive @entity0 . @entity4 consistently lost the wild-type allele, whereas @entity6 and small @entity0 were heterozygous for ras. This suggests a causal relationship between carcinogen treatment, @entity9 activation, and initiation of @entity2 . The wild-type allele in @entity1 chromosome 7 is lost with the progression of @entity2 long after exposure to the carcinogen. Thus, loss of heterozygosity of the ras gene appears to occur without multiple carcinogen-induced mutations, i.e., as a result of a cascade of events induced by an earlier ras mutation.

title: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) point mutations are induced by XXXX in @entity1 oral squamous epithelia, @entity4 and loss of heterozygosity occur without additional exposure.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Tumorigenesis is a multistep genetic process requiring several somatic mutations for @entity0 . These mutations appear to be sequential, random, and independent events. However, we find linked, nonrandom ras mutations occurring during @entity7 -induced @entity2 months after exposure to the carcinogen had ceased. The carcinogen had been topically applied to the oral cavity of CBA @entity1 for 4 to 16 weeks. @entity5 developed after 24 weeks, and @entity3 in situ and @entity4 developed after 28 weeks. @entity9 mutations were detected in 13 of 25 tissue specimens (10 of 14 invasive @entity3 in situ, 1 of 5 @entity8 tissue, and 0 of 2 normal tissues). Approximately one-half of the @entity0 had G to A point mutations at codon 12 of the cellular @entity9 proto-oncogene on @entity1 chromosome 7. None had codon 11, 13, or 61 mutations. Loss of heterozygosity occurred in 5 of 14 invasive @entity0 . @entity4 consistently lost the wild-type allele, whereas @entity6 and small @entity0 were heterozygous for ras. This suggests a causal relationship between carcinogen treatment, @entity9 activation, and initiation of @entity2 . The wild-type allele in @entity1 chromosome 7 is lost with the progression of @entity2 long after exposure to the carcinogen. Thus, loss of heterozygosity of the ras gene appears to occur without multiple carcinogen-induced mutations, i.e., as a result of a cascade of events induced by an earlier ras mutation.

title: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) point mutations are induced by @entity7 in XXXX oral squamous epithelia, @entity4 and loss of heterozygosity occur without additional exposure.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Fifty-nine @entity0 operated on for @entity1 during the years 1954 to 1977 were studied. The observation time was from 1 to 24 years, mean 10 years. The operative mortality was 1.7%, and alter deaths from the disease and its complications 3.4%. The general state of health at the final follow-up observation was good for the large majority of the @entity0 . Ony four @entity0 (7%) had marked symptoms that affected the working capacity. Forty-four percent of the @entity0 had one or more recurrences. The average yearly recurrence rate was 6.1% in the first 10 years of observation. In the next 10 years this rate diminished to 2.2%. The recurrence rates were much lower (14%) when the margins of the resected intestine were free of the disease than when microscopic signs of the disease were present (66%). To obtain a free margin, rather wide resection and peroperative frozen-section evaluation of resection margins are recommended. Eleven out of 12 @entity0 with shunt operations had to be operated on again.

title: XXXX : long-term results of surgical treatment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 in @entity0 is the most common @entity1 . A precise diagnosis can sometimes be impossible to establish clinically. Radiologic imaging plays a major role in the evaluation of @entity1 . However conventional imaging techniques, such as plain radiographs of the foot, are of very little help in this age group because of the lack of ossification of the tarsal bones. US presents a significant advantage because it permits the visualization of @entity2 . This leads to the detailed assessment of @entity3 in @entity0 . Furthermore, US can also be used as a dynamic imaging modality. Different scanning views are beneficial to evaluate the complete anatomy of the foot; depending on the suspected clinical diagnosis, some planes are more informative to display the pathological features of a @entity1 . We describe the US findings of five of the most common @entity3 referred to our pediatric orthopedic clinic (clubfoot, simple metatarsus adductus, skewfoot, and oblique and @entity4 ). For @entity1 we propose a specific imaging protocol based on US to provide an accurate diagnosis. US is a complementary tool to the clinical examination for determining the diagnosis and the severity of the @entity1 and also for monitoring the efficacy of treatment. Radiologists investigating @entity3 in @entity0 should consider using US for the detailed assessment of the foot in this age group.

title: Ultrasound evaluation of XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 in @entity0 is the most common @entity1 . A precise diagnosis can sometimes be impossible to establish clinically. Radiologic imaging plays a major role in the evaluation of @entity1 . However conventional imaging techniques, such as plain radiographs of the foot, are of very little help in this age group because of the lack of ossification of the tarsal bones. US presents a significant advantage because it permits the visualization of @entity2 . This leads to the detailed assessment of @entity3 in @entity0 . Furthermore, US can also be used as a dynamic imaging modality. Different scanning views are beneficial to evaluate the complete anatomy of the foot; depending on the suspected clinical diagnosis, some planes are more informative to display the pathological features of a @entity1 . We describe the US findings of five of the most common @entity3 referred to our pediatric orthopedic clinic (clubfoot, simple metatarsus adductus, skewfoot, and oblique and @entity4 ). For @entity1 we propose a specific imaging protocol based on US to provide an accurate diagnosis. US is a complementary tool to the clinical examination for determining the diagnosis and the severity of the @entity1 and also for monitoring the efficacy of treatment. Radiologists investigating @entity3 in @entity0 should consider using US for the detailed assessment of the foot in this age group.

title: Ultrasound evaluation of @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Trefoil factor 1 ( @entity8 ) belongs to a family of secreted peptides that are mainly expressed in the gastrointestinal tract. Notably, @entity8 has been suggested to operate as a neuropeptide, however, its specific cellular expression, regulation and function remain largely unknown. We have previously shown that @entity8 is expressed in developing and adult @entity0 ventral mesencephalic @entity2 hydroxylase-immunoreactive (TH-ir) dopaminergic neurons. Here, we investigated the expression of @entity8 in @entity0 ventral mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons (embryonic day 14) grown in culture for 5, 7 or 10days in the absence (controls) or presence of either @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity1 or the combination. No @entity8 -ir cells were identified at day 5 and only a few at day 7, whereas TH was markedly expressed at both time points. At day 10, several @entity8 -ir cells were detected, and their numbers were significantly increased after the addition of @entity5 (2.2-fold) or @entity1 (4.1-fold) compared to controls. Furthermore, the combination of @entity5 and @entity1 had an additive effect and increased the number of @entity8 -ir cells by 5.6-fold compared to controls. @entity8 expression was restricted to neuronal cells, and the percentage of TH/ @entity8 co-expressing cells was increased to the same extent in @entity5 and @entity1 -treated cultures (4-fold) as compared to controls. Interestingly, the combination of @entity5 and @entity1 resulted in a significantly increased co-expression (8-fold) of TH/ @entity8 , which could indicate that @entity5 and @entity1 targeted different subpopulations of TH/ @entity8 neurons. Short-term treatment with @entity1 resulted in an increased number of @entity8 -ir cells, and this effect was significantly reduced by the @entity7 inhibitor @entity3 or the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) inhibitor @entity4 , suggesting that @entity1 induced @entity8 expression through diverse signaling pathways. In conclusion, distinct populations of cultured dopaminergic neurons express @entity8 , and their numbers can be increased by factors known to influence survival and differentiation of dopaminergic cells.

title: Effects of XXXX on Trefoil factor 1 expression in cultured ventral mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The establishment of neural precursor cells in @entity0 depends on cell-cell interactions and lateral inhibition. Scabrous ( @entity2 ) is involved in this process by preventing an excess of cells from adopting a neural precursor fate. Specifically in eye development, @entity2 protein function has been implicated in the spacing pattern that is essential for the ordered appearance of the ommatidial array. During this process @entity2 expression is restricted to neurogenic groups of cells and later to the neural precursors. We report that ectopic @entity2 expression in the morphogenetic furrow results in a rough eye phenotype with oversized and fused ommatidia. These defects in @entity1 are due to the generation of too many ommatidial preclusters in the morphogenetic furrow. Strikingly, @entity2 loss-of-function mutants have an almost identical phenotype. Our results suggest that @entity2 plays a positive role in establishing the spacing pattern within the furrow and that the quantitative difference in @entity2 expression between neighboring groups of cells is a determining factor in this process. Ectopic expression of @entity2 also represses endogenous @entity2 expression in the furrow, suggesting that @entity2 is involved in a feedback loop affecting its own transcription. Interestingly, @entity2 shares homology to a group of extracellular matrix proteins that have been implicated in neuronal differentiation. We present a model for @entity2 function based on its phenotypic and molecular features.

title: Confrontation of scabrous expressing and non-expressing cells is essential for normal ommatidial spacing in the XXXX eye.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Cough is an important symptom of many @entity4 . We determined the frequency and diurnal variation of cough in normal subjects and in @entity0 with @entity2 or with persistent cough of unknown cause. We used a portable, solid-state, multiple-channel recorder to record cough sounds over a 24 h period. The audio-signal was recorded from a unidirectional microphone strapped over the chest wall, and electromyographic (EMG) signals from the lower respiratory muscles were simultaneously registered with surface electrodes. The recorded digital data were examined on an IBM-compatible computer, and the typical signals induced by cough (as assessed by voluntary or experimentally-induced cough) were counted. In 12 normal subjects, only 0-16 coughs were recorded over 24 h. In 21 stable @entity3 with a history of chronic cough (" @entity2 ") the median number was 282 (ranges: 45-1,577), and in 14 @entity0 with the predominant symptom of daily dry coughs ("chronic coughers") the median number was 794 (64-3,639). In both groups of @entity0 , there was a diurnal variation of coughs, such that the least numbers occurred between 2 and 5 a.m. (< 3% of total). In the @entity2 group, there was no significant correlation between forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) (% predicted) or diurnal variation of peak expiratory flow and cough frequency. In the chronic coughers, there was a significant correlation between daytime cough numbers and daytime cough symptoms scores but not for the night-time values. Our data show that cough frequency is not determined by the severity of @entity2 in relatively stable @entity3 on inhaled @entity1 , and is reduced during sleep in both @entity3 and chronic cough @entity0 . This portable cough recorder may be useful in the assessment of drug therapy for chronic cough.

title: Coughing frequency in XXXX with persistent cough: assessment using a 24 hour ambulatory recorder.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Demonstration of central @entity2 (CB) with normal peripheral bronchi is an essential requirement for the diagnosis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Although the results of bronchography remain the gold standard for demonstration of central @entity2 they are not always diagnostic. Moreover, it is an unpleasant invasive procedure which may be difficult to perform in a @entity0 of @entity3 with acute severe @entity1 . In an attempt to find a safe and effective alternative to demonstrate central @entity2 computed tomography (CT) of the thorax was evaluated against bronchography. Twenty one @entity0 with @entity3 underwent computed tomography of the thorax followed by bronchography. Of the 378 bronchopulmonary segments available for analysis, 42 had to be excluded because of consolidation or non-filling of the contrast dye, leaving 336 segments for evaluation. CB was identified on CT in all 21 @entity0 . Detailed analysis of the visualized segments revealed that computed tomography (using 8 mm contiguous scans) identified 146 of the 212 segments showing central @entity2 on bronchography (sensitivity 70%) and 114 of the 124, read as normal on bronchography (specificity 92%). Supplemental 4 mm scans, used in 8 out of 21 @entity0 improved the overall sensitivity of computed tomography to 83%, whilst the specificity remained unchanged at 92%. Thus, computed tomography of the thorax, being more acceptable to the @entity0 , has the potential of being the investigation of choice for the demonstration of central @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Central XXXX in @entity3 : comparative evaluation of computed tomography of the thorax with bronchography.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Demonstration of central @entity2 (CB) with normal peripheral bronchi is an essential requirement for the diagnosis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Although the results of bronchography remain the gold standard for demonstration of central @entity2 they are not always diagnostic. Moreover, it is an unpleasant invasive procedure which may be difficult to perform in a @entity0 of @entity3 with acute severe @entity1 . In an attempt to find a safe and effective alternative to demonstrate central @entity2 computed tomography (CT) of the thorax was evaluated against bronchography. Twenty one @entity0 with @entity3 underwent computed tomography of the thorax followed by bronchography. Of the 378 bronchopulmonary segments available for analysis, 42 had to be excluded because of consolidation or non-filling of the contrast dye, leaving 336 segments for evaluation. CB was identified on CT in all 21 @entity0 . Detailed analysis of the visualized segments revealed that computed tomography (using 8 mm contiguous scans) identified 146 of the 212 segments showing central @entity2 on bronchography (sensitivity 70%) and 114 of the 124, read as normal on bronchography (specificity 92%). Supplemental 4 mm scans, used in 8 out of 21 @entity0 improved the overall sensitivity of computed tomography to 83%, whilst the specificity remained unchanged at 92%. Thus, computed tomography of the thorax, being more acceptable to the @entity0 , has the potential of being the investigation of choice for the demonstration of central @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Central @entity2 in XXXX : comparative evaluation of computed tomography of the thorax with bronchography.

answer: @entity3


abstract: During @entity8 , neutrophils generate reactive @entity1 metabolites and release lysosomal enzymes into the extracellular medium. We have investigated the possibility that these enzyme are inactivated by the @entity1 compounds. Phagocytosing neutrophils from 12 @entity0 with @entity3 , which do not generate these @entity1 metabolites, released two to three times more activity of lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase than did normal neutrophils. This difference proved to be due to a decrease of approximately 20% of the total activity of these enzymes in normal neutrophils, but not in neutrophils of @entity0 with @entity3 . This inactivation of enzymes took place during @entity8 of opsonized zymosan particles as well as during stimulation of normal cells with @entity7 . The inactivation was not due to formation of inhibitors. The lysosomal enzymes were not activated when the neutrophils were stimulated under anaerobic conditions. Addition of @entity5 , @entity2 dismutase, or albumin gave no protection against the oxidative damage; reduced @entity4 gave partial protection. The oxidative inactivation was more pronounced in the presence of @entity6 . Measurement of the activity and the amount of protein of acid alpha-glucosidase in the cells showed that the specific activity of this enzyme decreased by approximately 50% during 30 min of @entity8 . This indicates that the inactivation of the lysosomal enzymes takes place in the phagolysosomes, before the enzymes have leaked into the extracellular medium.

title: Phagocytosing XXXX neutrophils inactivate their own granular enzymes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Primary @entity2 is rare, with ovary more commonly involved secondarily in generalized disease. Primary @entity2 presents as mass in the ovary with chronic symptoms; an acute presentation has not been described previously. A 75-year-old female presented with acute abdomen and features of peritonism. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated large mass in left ovary along with infiltration of adjacent sigmoid colon causing perforation and @entity4 . Few jejunal loops were also involved. Intraoperatively, there was left ovarian mass infiltrating the sigmoid colon with perforation and @entity3 . Distal jejunal loops were adherent to the @entity0 . The involved sigmoid colon was resected with total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy and resection of adherent jejunal loops. Histopathology revealed ovarian tissue with @entity1 composed of small-to medium-sized round cells exhibiting nuclear irregularity and scanty cytoplasm, forming discohesive sheets with the @entity0 infiltrating the retroperitoneal remnant tissue and resected bowel. This case highlights an unusual presentation of primary @entity2 .

title: High-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of ovary presenting as XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: An improvement in clinical parameters along with regeneration is the desired outcome of periodontal therapy. The aim of this study was to analyze and contrast the efficaciousness of combined open @entity1 debridement (OFD) and subepithelial connective tissue graft (SECTG) to OFD in the management of periodontal @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Totally, 20 paired sites exhibiting @entity0 were subjected to surgical treatment adopting the split mouth design. The defects were divided randomly for treatment with OFD and SECTG (test) or OFD alone (control). The clinical effectiveness of the two arms of treatment was evaluated at 6 months and 12 months post-operatively by assessing clinical and radiographic parameters. The measurements carried out included @entity2 ( @entity2 ), relative attachment level (RAL), gingival marginal level, radiographic bone level (BL). RESULTS: The mean reduction in @entity2 at 0-12 months was 3.20    0.82 mm and RAL gain of 3.10    1.51 mm was observed, the OFD and SECTG (test) group; corresponding observations for OFD (control) were 2.10    0.63 mm and 1.90    0.57 mm. However, BL changes did not follow the pattern of clinical improvement on the radiographic assessment of either treatment group. Post-operative evaluation was made. Improvement in different clinical parameters was statistically significant (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity0 with a combination of OFD and SECTG led to significantly better clinical results compared to OFD alone.

title: A 12 Months Clinical and Radiographic Study to Assess the Efficacy of Open XXXX Debridement and Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft in Management of Supracrestal Defects.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity11 ) is a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with the effects of antioxidation, anti- @entity0 and anti- @entity2 that has been shown to induce damage in liver. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of @entity11 on @entity13 ( @entity9 )-induced @entity3 in @entity1 . Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity1 were divided into four groups: control, @entity11 , @entity9 and @entity11 + @entity9 treated groups. @entity1 were administrated @entity9 together with or without @entity11 for a week and sacrificed 24 h after the last intragastric administration of @entity11 . Histopathological analysis was carried out. The liver function, the indices of oxidative stress including @entity5 ( @entity7 ), @entity4 dismutase (SOD), and @entity8 ( @entity12 ) in liver tissues, and pro-inflammatory cytokines expressions were examined. The mRNA level of @entity10 p65 in liver was also determined. @entity11 significantly attenuated @entity9 -induced @entity3 . The serum transaminase and @entity7 levels were reduced while the levels of SOD and @entity12 were increased, as compared with the @entity9 -treated group. @entity11 also remarkably suppressed the secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the @entity10 ( @entity10 ) activation induced by @entity9 . In addition, the histopathological analysis showed that the range and degree of liver tissue lesions were improved obviously in @entity11 treated group. @entity6 could ameliorate the effects of @entity13 -induced @entity3 in @entity1 by inhibiting oxidative stress, expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and @entity10 activation.

title: Protective effects of @entity6 on XXXX induced by @entity13 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity11 ) is a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with the effects of antioxidation, anti- @entity0 and anti- @entity2 that has been shown to induce damage in liver. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of @entity11 on @entity13 ( @entity9 )-induced @entity3 in @entity1 . Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity1 were divided into four groups: control, @entity11 , @entity9 and @entity11 + @entity9 treated groups. @entity1 were administrated @entity9 together with or without @entity11 for a week and sacrificed 24 h after the last intragastric administration of @entity11 . Histopathological analysis was carried out. The liver function, the indices of oxidative stress including @entity5 ( @entity7 ), @entity4 dismutase (SOD), and @entity8 ( @entity12 ) in liver tissues, and pro-inflammatory cytokines expressions were examined. The mRNA level of @entity10 p65 in liver was also determined. @entity11 significantly attenuated @entity9 -induced @entity3 . The serum transaminase and @entity7 levels were reduced while the levels of SOD and @entity12 were increased, as compared with the @entity9 -treated group. @entity11 also remarkably suppressed the secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the @entity10 ( @entity10 ) activation induced by @entity9 . In addition, the histopathological analysis showed that the range and degree of liver tissue lesions were improved obviously in @entity11 treated group. @entity6 could ameliorate the effects of @entity13 -induced @entity3 in @entity1 by inhibiting oxidative stress, expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and @entity10 activation.

title: Protective effects of @entity6 on @entity3 induced by XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity13


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity11 ) is a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor with the effects of antioxidation, anti- @entity0 and anti- @entity2 that has been shown to induce damage in liver. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects and possible mechanisms of @entity11 on @entity13 ( @entity9 )-induced @entity3 in @entity1 . Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity1 were divided into four groups: control, @entity11 , @entity9 and @entity11 + @entity9 treated groups. @entity1 were administrated @entity9 together with or without @entity11 for a week and sacrificed 24 h after the last intragastric administration of @entity11 . Histopathological analysis was carried out. The liver function, the indices of oxidative stress including @entity5 ( @entity7 ), @entity4 dismutase (SOD), and @entity8 ( @entity12 ) in liver tissues, and pro-inflammatory cytokines expressions were examined. The mRNA level of @entity10 p65 in liver was also determined. @entity11 significantly attenuated @entity9 -induced @entity3 . The serum transaminase and @entity7 levels were reduced while the levels of SOD and @entity12 were increased, as compared with the @entity9 -treated group. @entity11 also remarkably suppressed the secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the @entity10 ( @entity10 ) activation induced by @entity9 . In addition, the histopathological analysis showed that the range and degree of liver tissue lesions were improved obviously in @entity11 treated group. @entity6 could ameliorate the effects of @entity13 -induced @entity3 in @entity1 by inhibiting oxidative stress, expressions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and @entity10 activation.

title: Protective effects of XXXX on @entity3 induced by @entity13 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity6