abstract: OBJECTIVE: Attitude, together with knowledge, is important in determining behaviour. Doctors' attitudes affect the recognition and management of mental health. We detail the development of an instrument to measure general practitioner attitudes to the recognition and management of @entity2 and @entity1 . METHOD: A literature review and semistructured interviews with GPs identified constructs for inclusion into the questionnaire. Items were written and examined by a panel of psychiatrists, GPs and statisticians to establish face and content validity. The resulting 30 item questionnaire was given to a convenience sample of 63 GPs in Australia with an interest in mental health, and their responses analysed using exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS: Exploration of the data identified two factors. Factor 1 contained 12 items measuring professional comfort and competence with the care of mental health disorders (alpha = 0.82). @entity4 contained five items that assessed GP concerns about difficulties with the health care system in this area (alpha = 0.73). DISCUSSION: The factor analysis shows that @entity3 attitudes can be parsimoniously described by two factors, instead of the five that the literature suggests. The high values of Cronbach's alpha demonstrate that these two factors can be measured reliably. These were not the anticipated results, and can be taken to indicate that @entity3 attitudes to their roles in the recognition and management of @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity1 are less complex than might otherwise be imagined.

title: A questionnaire to measure general practitioners' attitudes to their role in the management of @entity0 with @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Attitude, together with knowledge, is important in determining behaviour. Doctors' attitudes affect the recognition and management of mental health. We detail the development of an instrument to measure general practitioner attitudes to the recognition and management of @entity2 and @entity1 . METHOD: A literature review and semistructured interviews with GPs identified constructs for inclusion into the questionnaire. Items were written and examined by a panel of psychiatrists, GPs and statisticians to establish face and content validity. The resulting 30 item questionnaire was given to a convenience sample of 63 GPs in Australia with an interest in mental health, and their responses analysed using exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS: Exploration of the data identified two factors. Factor 1 contained 12 items measuring professional comfort and competence with the care of mental health disorders (alpha = 0.82). @entity4 contained five items that assessed GP concerns about difficulties with the health care system in this area (alpha = 0.73). DISCUSSION: The factor analysis shows that @entity3 attitudes can be parsimoniously described by two factors, instead of the five that the literature suggests. The high values of Cronbach's alpha demonstrate that these two factors can be measured reliably. These were not the anticipated results, and can be taken to indicate that @entity3 attitudes to their roles in the recognition and management of @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity1 are less complex than might otherwise be imagined.

title: A questionnaire to measure general practitioners' attitudes to their role in the management of @entity0 with XXXX and @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Attitude, together with knowledge, is important in determining behaviour. Doctors' attitudes affect the recognition and management of mental health. We detail the development of an instrument to measure general practitioner attitudes to the recognition and management of @entity2 and @entity1 . METHOD: A literature review and semistructured interviews with GPs identified constructs for inclusion into the questionnaire. Items were written and examined by a panel of psychiatrists, GPs and statisticians to establish face and content validity. The resulting 30 item questionnaire was given to a convenience sample of 63 GPs in Australia with an interest in mental health, and their responses analysed using exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS: Exploration of the data identified two factors. Factor 1 contained 12 items measuring professional comfort and competence with the care of mental health disorders (alpha = 0.82). @entity4 contained five items that assessed GP concerns about difficulties with the health care system in this area (alpha = 0.73). DISCUSSION: The factor analysis shows that @entity3 attitudes can be parsimoniously described by two factors, instead of the five that the literature suggests. The high values of Cronbach's alpha demonstrate that these two factors can be measured reliably. These were not the anticipated results, and can be taken to indicate that @entity3 attitudes to their roles in the recognition and management of @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity1 are less complex than might otherwise be imagined.

title: A questionnaire to measure general practitioners' attitudes to their role in the management of XXXX with @entity2 and @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: National guidelines advocate use of multimodality therapy (MMT) for treatment of T4 @entity2 (T4GC). Prior studies demonstrate poor compliance with these guidelines. We sought to assess treatment trends and association between different treatment approaches and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in a large cohort of U.S. METHODS: @entity0 diagnosed with clinical T4 @entity2 were selected from the National Cancer Data Base (1998-2011). Temporal trends, risk factors associated with failure to receive treatment, and effect of treatments on @entity3 were assessed. RESULTS: Of 4369 @entity0 with T4GC, only 15 % (n = 652) received MMT. Treatment with MMT increased over time, and was utilized in 25 % of @entity0 after 2006. Older age, African American race, nonprivate insurance, proximal @entity1 location, and clinical node-negative disease were associated with failure to receive surgery; older age, female sex, poorly differentiated @entity1 grade, clinical node-negative disease, and prolonged postoperative length of stay were associated with failure to complete MMT in @entity0 who underwent surgical resection. Median @entity3 was longest in @entity0 receiving MMT (19.2 months), and was similarly poor in @entity0 undergoing surgical resection (9.0 months) or nonsurgical therapy (8.3 months; p < 0.001). Median @entity3 was longer in @entity0 receiving neoadjuvant therapy compared to @entity0 receiving adjuvant therapy (27.8 vs. 16.6 months; p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with neoadjuvant MMT is increasing and is associated with prolonged survival. Surgery alone and chemotherapy with or without radiotherapy without resection are associated with similarly poor outcomes. Appropriate treatment sequencing may facilitate delivery of MMT and improve outcomes in @entity0 with T4GC.

title: Multimodality Treatment of T4 XXXX in the United States: Utilization Trends and Impact on Survival.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Continuous @entity3 infusions (CMIs) treat @entity1 and @entity4 at the end of life (EOL). CMIs may be initiated at an empiric rate and/or are rapidly escalated without proper titration. OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to evaluate CMI patterns at the EOL. METHODS: This single-center, retrospective chart review evaluated adult @entity0 who died while receiving CMI at EOL. @entity0 demographics and opioid dosing information were extracted from an electronic medical record. Twenty-four hour IV @entity3 equivalent was calculated prior to CMI initiation and at the time of @entity2 . RESULTS: Of the 190 @entity0 charts, 63.2% (n=120) received no bolus doses prior to CMI initiation. Mean 24-hour IV @entity3 equivalent prior to CMI initiation was 49.3   mg (range: 0-1200   mg, SD 384.9) and at time of @entity2 was 267.1   mg (12.0-5193.2   mg, SD 442.2), representing an increase of +442%. Mean CMI starting rate was 3.3   mg/hour (0.4-30.0   mg/hour, SD 3.6) with titration at time of @entity2 to a mean of 7.7   mg/hour (0.4-70.0   mg/hour, SD 9.4), representing an increase of +130%. Mean number of CMI rate adjustments was 2.5 (0-5, SD 3.3); and number of bolus doses administered between titrations was 4.2 (0-27, SD 4.8). Mean time from CMI initiation to @entity2 was 15.5 hours (0.05-126.9 hours, SD 21.7). There was a negative association between rate of infusion increase per hour and total number of hours on CMI (r=-0.2, p=0.0062). CONCLUSIONS: Hospitalized @entity0 at EOL had a much higher 24-hour IV @entity3 equivalents and CMI rates at time of @entity2 compared to CMI initiation. Variability was observed in the number of CMI rate adjustments and the number of bolus doses administered.

title: Variable Patterns of Continuous XXXX Infusions at End of Life.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We present a @entity0 with @entity2 -induced @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and relatively acute @entity1 followed by rapid recovery after surgical decompression. @entity6 is a @entity3 characterized by @entity5 of epidural fat, most commonly associated with exogenous @entity4 use. To our knowledge, an analysis of the dynamics of @entity4 dose related to time to onset has never been performed, or of @entity0 presentation features with respect to @entity0 outcome. We retrospectively reviewed the literature for English language series and case reports of @entity6 associated with @entity2 use from 1975-2013. Data were compiled for 41 @entity0 regarding the prescribed dose of @entity2 and length of treatment, as well as the severity of symptoms on the Ranawat scale, time to onset, time to recovery, and degree of recovery of @entity1 . Fisher's exact test and analysis of variance were used for comparing proportions, and p values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. We found that the mean cumulative dose of @entity2 trended towards an association with a lack of recovery (p=0.06) and may be related to rate of recovery. Prescribed @entity2 dose varied inversely with the time before onset of @entity1 , but failed to reach statistical significance. Higher severity of presenting symptoms on the Ranawat scale were found to be associated with a higher likelihood of delayed recovery (p=0.035). @entity0 with symptoms lower on the Ranawat scale more frequently experienced complete neurologic recovery, though this did not reach significance. The acuity of @entity1 was not related to the time to recovery or ultimate degree of recovery. Severity of presentation on the Ranawat scale is associated with rate of recovery and may be related to degree of recovery in @entity6 @entity0 . Cumulative dose of @entity2 may be related to degree and rate of recovery. Prescribed dose of @entity2 may be related to time to onset of @entity1 . Acuity of @entity1 is not related to rate or degree of recovery.

title: Severity of presentation is associated with time to recovery in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: To explore the hospitalizations of @entity0 @entity1 undergoing mastectomy, and to provide a basis for management, clinical prevention and treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted an investigation by means of the retrospective survey and the medical records retrieval system, and made out the data of @entity1 suffered from @entity0 in a hospital in Guangzhou from 2004 to 2013, including age, medical payment methods, pathological type, treatment, treatment results, complications, hospitalization days, cost and so on. RESULTS: The average age of the inpatients was 50.14 years old. The main histologic types were @entity3 (88.06%). The main surgery was modified radical mastectomy (80.41%). The cure rate was 90.80% during the 10 years. The main medical payment method was self-paying (57.28%). The average hospital stay was 13.51 days, and average hospitalization cost was RMB 23,083.66 yuan, proportion of drug fees up to 39.70%. @entity2 rate was 0.79%. The self-paying group was with the highest proportion of drug fees (P<0.05), while the free medical service group was with the longest hospitalization days (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The payment methods significantly affected the proportion of drug fees and hospitalization days. The therapeutic effect was satisfactory with less complications and reasonable proportion of drug fees in our hospital.

title: XXXX Inpatients Undergoing Mastectomy from a Hospital in Guangzhou, China: A Retrospective Analysis 2004- 2013.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The finding of indolent, potentially inconsequential @entity2 (overdiagnosis) is inherent to @entity2 screening in general, and there is a growing body of literature about this concept in @entity1 screening. We report on indolent, potentially inconsequential @entity1 in the Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study (PLuSS) population screened for @entity1 with annual low-dose CT (LDCT). METHODS: We identified 93 subjects with screen-detected prevalence @entity2 in PLuSS. We defined indolent potentially inconsequential @entity2 as stage I prevalence @entity1 cases had volumetric doubling time (VDT) >400 days (when available) and standardized uptake value (SUVmax) on PET scan  <= 1 (when available). RESULTS: Approximately, 18.5% (n=17) of all 93 screen-detected prevalence @entity1 in PLuSS were indolent potentially inconsequential @entity2 . All such @entity2 except for one were @entity3 by histology. Median @entity2 size of such @entity2 at the time of final diagnosis was 10 mm (range 7-22 mm). Median doubling time was significantly longer in this group when compared to the rest of the prevalence stage 1 @entity2 (752 days versus 284.5 days). CONCLUSION: Although the precise definition may vary, the existence of indolent, potentially inconsequential @entity2 in @entity1 screening is real. Clinicians involved in managing @entity0 with LDCT detected slow growing nodules, especially with SUV <=1 on PET scan, should consider the possibility of indolent potentially inconsequential @entity2 in the longitudinal management of these nodules.

title: Indolent Potentially Inconsequential XXXX in the Pittsburgh Lung Screening Study (PLuSS).

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 is a @entity3 -inducing as well as pro-inflammatory molecule. The seemingly opposing consequences of Fas/ @entity1 interactions appear to be dependent on the context of the @entity0 or tissue microenvironment. The term 'contextual' has been coined to describe cellular and molecular events that may be opposing, yet are mediated by the engagement of the same receptor-ligand pair. Because Fas is one of the @entity3 -inducing receptors, its ligand is dangerous. Hence, the availability of @entity1 for cross-linking of the receptor has to be extremely carefully regulated. Different levels of control appear to exist, some involving cell membrane-associated MMPs and others depending on cytokines released from neighboring cells. In @entity0 , which shape their microenvironment to make it unwelcome to immune effector cells, @entity1 is used to kill infiltrating cells without damage to the @entity0 , which develops multiple means of hiding/inhibiting the @entity3 pathway. On the other hand, in situations provoking inflammatory responses such as allograft rejection, infection, and tissue @entity2 , @entity1 assumes the role of attractant for inflammatory cells. In these situations, @entity1 acts in conjunction with other cytokines, and its effects might be modified in the context of unfolding events. When put in the context of biologic interactions that take place at the @entity0 site, the Fas/ @entity1 pathway emerges as a molecular mechanism, which contributes to immune privilege and @entity0 escape, but which can also enhance anti- @entity0 inflammatory responses. @entity1 , like many cytokines, is pleiotropic. It is also worth bearing in mind that other molecular players, including the other known members of the @entity4 family, almost certainly participate in establishing immune privilege status of @entity0 . While a broad body of new information has contributed to clarifying the dual role of @entity1 in the @entity0 biology, much remains to be learned about molecular mechanisms that control its effects in the @entity0 and in normal tissues.

title: @entity0 -induced XXXX of immune cells: its mechanisms and consequences.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 is a @entity3 -inducing as well as pro-inflammatory molecule. The seemingly opposing consequences of Fas/ @entity1 interactions appear to be dependent on the context of the @entity0 or tissue microenvironment. The term 'contextual' has been coined to describe cellular and molecular events that may be opposing, yet are mediated by the engagement of the same receptor-ligand pair. Because Fas is one of the @entity3 -inducing receptors, its ligand is dangerous. Hence, the availability of @entity1 for cross-linking of the receptor has to be extremely carefully regulated. Different levels of control appear to exist, some involving cell membrane-associated MMPs and others depending on cytokines released from neighboring cells. In @entity0 , which shape their microenvironment to make it unwelcome to immune effector cells, @entity1 is used to kill infiltrating cells without damage to the @entity0 , which develops multiple means of hiding/inhibiting the @entity3 pathway. On the other hand, in situations provoking inflammatory responses such as allograft rejection, infection, and tissue @entity2 , @entity1 assumes the role of attractant for inflammatory cells. In these situations, @entity1 acts in conjunction with other cytokines, and its effects might be modified in the context of unfolding events. When put in the context of biologic interactions that take place at the @entity0 site, the Fas/ @entity1 pathway emerges as a molecular mechanism, which contributes to immune privilege and @entity0 escape, but which can also enhance anti- @entity0 inflammatory responses. @entity1 , like many cytokines, is pleiotropic. It is also worth bearing in mind that other molecular players, including the other known members of the @entity4 family, almost certainly participate in establishing immune privilege status of @entity0 . While a broad body of new information has contributed to clarifying the dual role of @entity1 in the @entity0 biology, much remains to be learned about molecular mechanisms that control its effects in the @entity0 and in normal tissues.

title: XXXX -induced @entity3 of immune cells: its mechanisms and consequences.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: High interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in @entity2 metastases may decrease the uptake and, thus, the effects of anti- @entity1 drugs. @entity5 , a selective inhibitor of PDGF receptors, and anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, respectively, increase drug uptake and/or decrease IFP in preclinical models of @entity3 . Drug-induced decrease in IFP in @entity0 metastases has not been objectively shown, but should be reflected by an increase in water-perfusable tissue fraction (PTF) or @entity1 ( @entity1 ) using [ @entity6 ]water PET/CT and kinetic modelling. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of @entity5 and anakinra on PTF and @entity1 in @entity2 metastases in @entity0 . METHODS: Nine @entity0 with documented progressive disease in spite of all established therapy underwent @entity6 -water PET/CT at baseline, and at 2 days and 6-7 days after start of oral administration of 400 mg/day @entity5 . After a washout period of one week the protocol was repeated with anakinra 100mg/day subcutaneously. Six @entity0 underwent a second baseline scan on the same day to assess reproducibility of PTF and @entity1 measurements. Volumes of interest (VOIs) were drawn over liver metastases and aorta. PTF and @entity1 were calculated using the standard single tissue compartment model. RESULTS: @entity5 administration during 6-7 days increased PTF from 0.62    0.12 to 0.69    0.13 compared to baseline and day 2 (P = 0.02, Wilcoxon test). No significant changes were found in @entity1 . PTF values were no longer significantly different from baseline one week after last @entity5 dosage. Anakinra induced no significant change in PTF or @entity1 . The repeatability coefficients of PTF and @entity1 in @entity4 were 22% and 28%, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity5 increases PTF of @entity2 metastases in @entity0 , and hence may increase delivery of anti- @entity1 drugs. @entity6 -water PET/CT and kinetic modelling provides novel insights into the microenvironment of @entity0 @entity1 .

title: The water-perfusable tissue fraction of XXXX metastases is increased by the selective PDGF-receptor inhibitor @entity5 but not the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra, a study using serial dynamic 15O-water PET.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: High interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in @entity2 metastases may decrease the uptake and, thus, the effects of anti- @entity1 drugs. @entity5 , a selective inhibitor of PDGF receptors, and anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, respectively, increase drug uptake and/or decrease IFP in preclinical models of @entity3 . Drug-induced decrease in IFP in @entity0 metastases has not been objectively shown, but should be reflected by an increase in water-perfusable tissue fraction (PTF) or @entity1 ( @entity1 ) using [ @entity6 ]water PET/CT and kinetic modelling. Hence, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of @entity5 and anakinra on PTF and @entity1 in @entity2 metastases in @entity0 . METHODS: Nine @entity0 with documented progressive disease in spite of all established therapy underwent @entity6 -water PET/CT at baseline, and at 2 days and 6-7 days after start of oral administration of 400 mg/day @entity5 . After a washout period of one week the protocol was repeated with anakinra 100mg/day subcutaneously. Six @entity0 underwent a second baseline scan on the same day to assess reproducibility of PTF and @entity1 measurements. Volumes of interest (VOIs) were drawn over liver metastases and aorta. PTF and @entity1 were calculated using the standard single tissue compartment model. RESULTS: @entity5 administration during 6-7 days increased PTF from 0.62    0.12 to 0.69    0.13 compared to baseline and day 2 (P = 0.02, Wilcoxon test). No significant changes were found in @entity1 . PTF values were no longer significantly different from baseline one week after last @entity5 dosage. Anakinra induced no significant change in PTF or @entity1 . The repeatability coefficients of PTF and @entity1 in @entity4 were 22% and 28%, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity5 increases PTF of @entity2 metastases in @entity0 , and hence may increase delivery of anti- @entity1 drugs. @entity6 -water PET/CT and kinetic modelling provides novel insights into the microenvironment of @entity0 @entity1 .

title: The water-perfusable tissue fraction of @entity2 metastases is increased by the selective PDGF-receptor inhibitor XXXX but not the IL-1 receptor antagonist anakinra, a study using serial dynamic 15O-water PET.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In the @entity3 -angiotensin system, @entity3 is known to cleave angiotensinogen to generate @entity4 , which is the precursor of @entity2 . @entity2 is a vasoactive peptide that plays an important role in blood pressure. On the other hand, the liver is the major organ responsible for the production of angiotensinogen in spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR). To test the hypothesis that a reduction of angiotensinogen mRNA in the liver by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) may affect both plasma angiotensinogen and @entity2 levels, as well as blood pressure, we intravenously injected antisense ODNs against @entity0 angiotensinogen coupled to asialoglycoprotein carrier molecules, which serve as an important regulator of liver gene expression, into SHR via the tail vein. The SHR used in the present study were studied at 20 weeks of age and were fed a standard diet throughout the experiment. Plasma angiotensinogen, @entity2 concentrations, and blood pressure all decreased from the next day until up to 5 days after the injection of antisense ODNs. These concentrations thereafter returned to baseline by 7 days after injection. A reduction in the level of hepatic angiotensinogen mRNA was also observed from the day after injection until 5 days after injection with antisense ODNs. However, in the SHR injected with sense ODNs, plasma angiotensinogen, @entity2 concentrations, and blood pressure, as well as hepatic angiotensinogen mRNA, did not significantly change throughout the experimental period. Although the exact role of angiotensinogen in @entity1 still remains to be clarified, these findings showed that intravenous injection with antisense ODNs against angiotensinogen coupled to asialoglycoprotein carrier molecules targeted to the liver could thus inhibit plasma angiotensinogen levels and, as a result, induce a decrease in blood pressure in SHR.

title: Intravenous injection with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against angiotensinogen decreases blood pressure in spontaneously XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In the @entity3 -angiotensin system, @entity3 is known to cleave angiotensinogen to generate @entity4 , which is the precursor of @entity2 . @entity2 is a vasoactive peptide that plays an important role in blood pressure. On the other hand, the liver is the major organ responsible for the production of angiotensinogen in spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR). To test the hypothesis that a reduction of angiotensinogen mRNA in the liver by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) may affect both plasma angiotensinogen and @entity2 levels, as well as blood pressure, we intravenously injected antisense ODNs against @entity0 angiotensinogen coupled to asialoglycoprotein carrier molecules, which serve as an important regulator of liver gene expression, into SHR via the tail vein. The SHR used in the present study were studied at 20 weeks of age and were fed a standard diet throughout the experiment. Plasma angiotensinogen, @entity2 concentrations, and blood pressure all decreased from the next day until up to 5 days after the injection of antisense ODNs. These concentrations thereafter returned to baseline by 7 days after injection. A reduction in the level of hepatic angiotensinogen mRNA was also observed from the day after injection until 5 days after injection with antisense ODNs. However, in the SHR injected with sense ODNs, plasma angiotensinogen, @entity2 concentrations, and blood pressure, as well as hepatic angiotensinogen mRNA, did not significantly change throughout the experimental period. Although the exact role of angiotensinogen in @entity1 still remains to be clarified, these findings showed that intravenous injection with antisense ODNs against angiotensinogen coupled to asialoglycoprotein carrier molecules targeted to the liver could thus inhibit plasma angiotensinogen levels and, as a result, induce a decrease in blood pressure in SHR.

title: Intravenous injection with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides against angiotensinogen decreases blood pressure in spontaneously @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: This report describes clinical, hemodynamic, and electrophysiologic characteristics of 18 consecutive survivors of @entity2 due to @entity7 ( @entity5 ) between 1986 and 1996. Long-term data in relation to the prescribed therapy are presented. The mean age of the 18 @entity0 was 48 +/- 14 years (median 49). Electrophysiologic studies showed a low inducibility of sustained @entity3 in 4 @entity0 (22%). Treatment consisted of class III agents, beta blockers, or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Two @entity0 were discharged without any therapy. Therapy control was undertaken either by serial drug testing or by the empirical approach. Serious complications of therapy occurred in 2 @entity0 : 1 @entity0 experienced a proarrhythmic effect of antiarrhythmic drug therapy, and the other @entity0 received multiple inadequate defibrillator discharges due to a defect in the transvenous lead. All but 1 @entity0 (94%) remained free of recurrences of @entity2 during a follow-up time of 45 +/- 29 months (median 41). One @entity0 died 2 weeks after surviving @entity4 due to intractable @entity5 while receiving @entity6 treatment. Therapy guided by electrophysiologic studies did not have any impact on survival. Adverse effects or noncompliance led to discontinuation of drug therapy in 7 @entity0 after a mean period of 31 +/- 30 months. Without any treatment 9 @entity0 remained without recurrences over 45 +/- 33 months. Because of the absence of risk factors for @entity1 recurrence and criteria to select therapy, randomized prospective studies are warranted to assess the optimal therapies in these young, ostensibly healthy @entity0 .

title: Late outcome of survivors of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The management of @entity0 with @entity10 remains controversial. Primary closure, interventional catheter techniques, and palliative surgery all may have a role, and specific management guidelines remain undefined. METHODS: We reviewed the records of all 33 @entity0 with @entity10 undergoing repair between January 1988 and October 1996. @entity1 was present in 21 @entity0 (group 1), and @entity6 was present in the remaining 12 (group 2). Closure was accomplished from a right atriotomy alone in most @entity0 , although an apical left ventriculotomy was used for apical defects. Among group 1 @entity0 , the mean age at repair was 5.9 +/- 0.9 months. Major associated anomalies included @entity9 (n = 6), straddling tricuspid valve (n = 1), and critical @entity4 (n = 1). Reoperation was performed in two @entity0 for residual @entity10 . Among group 2 @entity0 , the mean age at repair was 6.6 +/- 3.2 years. Major associated anomalies included @entity3 (n = 2), @entity6 (n = 4), @entity8 right ventricle with hypoplastic left ventricle (n = 1), and isolated @entity7 (n = 1). Three required reoperation for residual @entity10 . RESULTS: There were no early or late deaths, no episodes of @entity5 , and no significant residual @entity10 among group 1 @entity0 . All group 1 @entity0 remain free of significant residual cardiovascular conditions at a mean of 23.4 +/- 5.1 months. Among group 2 @entity0 , there was one early death in a @entity0 with @entity8 right ventricle and @entity7 . Complete @entity5 occurred in two @entity0 and one required late mitral valve replacement. There were no late deaths, seven remain alive without significant residual defects at a mean of 36.2 +/- 8.0 months, and two required transplantation for @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: Primary repair for @entity0 with @entity10 is associated with good late outcomes. The right atrial approach is satisfactory for most @entity2 , although limited apical left ventriculotomy was used for apical defects. Pulmonary artery banding should be limited to @entity0 with complex associated defects.

title: Techniques and results in the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECT: The goal of this paper is to present a critical review of the endoscopic procedures currently in use for the treatment of @entity3 . Endoscopic techniques and outcomes are discussed. METHODS: An extensive review of published articles on the subject of endoscopic carpal tunnel release surgery is presented, encompassing six endoscopic techniques used to treat @entity3 . Since the first report in 1987, 7091 @entity0 have undergone 8068 operations. The overall success rate has been 96.52%, with a complication rate of 2.67% and a failure rate of 2.61%. The mean time to return to work in @entity0 not receiving Workers' Compensation was 17.8 days, ranging between 10.8 and 22.3 days. The most common complications were transient paresthesias of the ulnar and median nerves. Other complications included superficial @entity1 , @entity5 , @entity4 , and incomplete transverse carpal ligament division. In many studies in which open and endoscopic techniques were compared, it was reported that @entity0 in the the latter group experienced significantly less @entity2 and returned to work and activities of daily living earlier. CONCLUSIONS: Success and complication rates of endoscopic carpal tunnel release surgery are similar to those for standard open procedures.

title: Endoscopic treatment of XXXX : a critical review.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is the most common cause of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in young adults, mainly ascribed to @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Assuming that @entity5 is the major cause of (pre-) @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 , its occurrence is essential for @entity4 risk stratification and primarily preventive @entity6 . However, evidence of @entity5 during @entity3 is often missing. As the differentiation of potential lethal causes for @entity3 such as @entity5 from more harmless reasons is crucial, @entity1 @entity0 were screened for @entity8 by using a simple orthostatic blood pressure test. METHODS: Over 15 months (IQR [9;20]) 100 @entity1 @entity0 (55.8  16.2 yrs, 61% male) were evaluated for (pre-) @entity3 and @entity5 (24h-ECGs, device-memories) within the last five years. Eighty @entity0 underwent an orthostatic blood pressure test. @entity7 models were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In older @entity0 (>40 yrs) a positive orthostatic test result increased the chance of (pre-) @entity3 by a factor of 63 (95%-CI [8.8; 447.9], p<0.001; 93% sensitivity, 95%-CI [76; 99]; 74% specificity, 95%-CI [58; 86]). No correlation with @entity5 was shown. A @entity2 also increased the chance of (pre-) @entity3 by a factor of 6.6 (95%-CI [2.0; 21.7]; p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The orthostatic blood pressure test is highly valuable for evaluation of @entity3 and @entity3 especially in older @entity1 @entity0 , suggesting that @entity3 might be more relevant than previously assumed. Considering the high complication rates due to @entity6 therapies, this test may provide useful information for the evaluation of @entity3 in individual risk stratification and may help to prevent unnecessary device implantations, especially in older @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Orthostatic Blood Pressure Test for Risk Stratification in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is the most common cause of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in young adults, mainly ascribed to @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Assuming that @entity5 is the major cause of (pre-) @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 , its occurrence is essential for @entity4 risk stratification and primarily preventive @entity6 . However, evidence of @entity5 during @entity3 is often missing. As the differentiation of potential lethal causes for @entity3 such as @entity5 from more harmless reasons is crucial, @entity1 @entity0 were screened for @entity8 by using a simple orthostatic blood pressure test. METHODS: Over 15 months (IQR [9;20]) 100 @entity1 @entity0 (55.8  16.2 yrs, 61% male) were evaluated for (pre-) @entity3 and @entity5 (24h-ECGs, device-memories) within the last five years. Eighty @entity0 underwent an orthostatic blood pressure test. @entity7 models were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: In older @entity0 (>40 yrs) a positive orthostatic test result increased the chance of (pre-) @entity3 by a factor of 63 (95%-CI [8.8; 447.9], p<0.001; 93% sensitivity, 95%-CI [76; 99]; 74% specificity, 95%-CI [58; 86]). No correlation with @entity5 was shown. A @entity2 also increased the chance of (pre-) @entity3 by a factor of 6.6 (95%-CI [2.0; 21.7]; p=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The orthostatic blood pressure test is highly valuable for evaluation of @entity3 and @entity3 especially in older @entity1 @entity0 , suggesting that @entity3 might be more relevant than previously assumed. Considering the high complication rates due to @entity6 therapies, this test may provide useful information for the evaluation of @entity3 in individual risk stratification and may help to prevent unnecessary device implantations, especially in older @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Orthostatic Blood Pressure Test for Risk Stratification in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The formation of intricately organized aortic and pulmonic valves from primitive endocardial cushions of the outflow tract is a remarkable accomplishment of embryonic development. While not always initially pathologic, @entity1 , including @entity3 , frequently progress to a disease state in adults requiring valve replacement surgery. Disrupted embryonic growth, differentiation, and patterning events that "trigger" SLV disease are coordinated by gene expression changes in endocardial, myocardial, and cushion mesenchymal cells. We explored roles of chromatin regulation in valve gene regulatory networks by conditional inactivation of the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) chromatin remodeling complex in the endocardial lineage. Endocardial @entity5 -deficient @entity0 embryos develop thickened and disorganized SLV cusps that frequently become bicuspid and @entity4 , including in surviving adults. These SLV disease-like phenotypes originate from @entity2 (EMT) in the proximal outflow tract (pOFT) cushions. The missing cells are replaced by compensating neural crest or other non-EMT-derived mesenchyme. However, these cells are incompetent to fully pattern the valve interstitium into distinct regions with specialized extracellular matrices. Transcriptomics reveal genes that may promote growth and patterning of SLVs and/or serve as disease-state biomarkers. Mechanistic studies of SLV disease genes should distinguish between disease origins and progression; the latter may reflect secondary responses to a disrupted developmental system.

title: Endocardial XXXX disruption illustrates the developmental origins of semilunar valve disease.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Stress and high-calorie diets increase the risk of developing @entity1 . @entity5 (GA) has been shown to improve dyslipidaemia in @entity0 fed on a high-calorie diet. This study aimed to examine the effects of GA on lipid metabolism in @entity0 exposed to short- or long-term stress and on a high-calorie diet. The parameters examined included serum lipid profiles, serum free @entity3 and @entity2 profiles in tissues, and expression of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), elongases and desaturases. Within the 14- or 28-day exposure groups, neither stress nor GA affected the lipid profile and serum free @entity3 . Stress did not affect @entity4 expression in both the 14- and 28-day exposure groups. However, GA-treated @entity0 from the former group had increased @entity4 expression only in the kidney while all other tissues from the latter group were unaffected. Stress increased @entity4 -y expression in the heart of the 28-day exposure group but its expression was unaffected in all tissues of the 14-day exposure group. GA elevated @entity4 -y expression in the kidney and the skeletal muscles. Neither stress nor GA affected @entity6 expressions in all tissues from the 14-day exposure group but its expressions were elevated in the QF of the stressed @entity0 and heart of the GA-treated @entity0 of the 28-day exposure group. As for the elongases and desaturases in the liver, stress down-regulated @entity8 in the long-term exposure group while up-regulated @entity7 in the short-term exposure group while hepatic desaturases were unaffected by stress. Neither elongase nor desaturase expressions in the liver were affected by GA. This research is the first report of GA on lipid metabolism under stress and high-calorie diet conditions and the results gives evidence for the role of GA in ameliorating MetS via site-specific regulation of lipid metabolism gene expressions and modification of @entity3 .

title: Modulation of lipid metabolism in XXXX -treated @entity0 fed on a high-calorie diet and exposed to short or long-term stress.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Stress and high-calorie diets increase the risk of developing @entity1 . @entity5 (GA) has been shown to improve dyslipidaemia in @entity0 fed on a high-calorie diet. This study aimed to examine the effects of GA on lipid metabolism in @entity0 exposed to short- or long-term stress and on a high-calorie diet. The parameters examined included serum lipid profiles, serum free @entity3 and @entity2 profiles in tissues, and expression of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), elongases and desaturases. Within the 14- or 28-day exposure groups, neither stress nor GA affected the lipid profile and serum free @entity3 . Stress did not affect @entity4 expression in both the 14- and 28-day exposure groups. However, GA-treated @entity0 from the former group had increased @entity4 expression only in the kidney while all other tissues from the latter group were unaffected. Stress increased @entity4 -y expression in the heart of the 28-day exposure group but its expression was unaffected in all tissues of the 14-day exposure group. GA elevated @entity4 -y expression in the kidney and the skeletal muscles. Neither stress nor GA affected @entity6 expressions in all tissues from the 14-day exposure group but its expressions were elevated in the QF of the stressed @entity0 and heart of the GA-treated @entity0 of the 28-day exposure group. As for the elongases and desaturases in the liver, stress down-regulated @entity8 in the long-term exposure group while up-regulated @entity7 in the short-term exposure group while hepatic desaturases were unaffected by stress. Neither elongase nor desaturase expressions in the liver were affected by GA. This research is the first report of GA on lipid metabolism under stress and high-calorie diet conditions and the results gives evidence for the role of GA in ameliorating MetS via site-specific regulation of lipid metabolism gene expressions and modification of @entity3 .

title: Modulation of lipid metabolism in @entity5 -treated XXXX fed on a high-calorie diet and exposed to short or long-term stress.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a clinical syndrome characterized by subtle abnormal morphology of the proximal femur and/or the acetabulum that leads to abnormal contact between the femoral neck and the acetabular rim during the hip range of motion. Traditionally, @entity3 has been managed safely and effectively with surgical @entity1 ; less invasive arthroscopic techniques are now being used to an increasing extent, trying to emulate the results of the open technique. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the radiographic results of arthroscopic acetabular rim trimming and femoral osteochondroplasty in @entity3 . This was a retrospective analysis of preoperative and postoperative plain radiographs of 80 @entity0 treated for @entity3 with arthroscopic surgery between April 2007 and December 2008. We evaluated 2 parameters: the Wiberg angle (center-edge angle) (normal, 25  -35  ), and the anterior/posterior relation of femoral head-neck offset (normal, 0.8-1). Of 80 hips, 10 (12.5%) were @entity4 , 17 (21.25%) were cam type, and 53 (66.25%) were mixed type. The preoperative Wiberg average was 39   (range, 25  -51  ), and the postoperative Wiberg average was 32   (range, 25  -42  ). The preoperative anterior/posterior femoral offset relation average was 0.42 (range, -0.38 to 1), and the postoperative anterior/posterior femoral offset relation average was 0.94 (range, 0.61-1.2). Our results show that it is possible to obtain an anatomical correction of the @entity2 with arthroscopic surgery in @entity3 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: level III.

title: Efficacy of XXXX Correction with Arthroscopic Surgery in Femoroacetabular Impingement.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We investigated the @entity3 of the fixed oil of Nigella sativa L seeds in @entity1 and @entity2 through determination of LD50 values and examination of possible biochemical, hematological and histopathological changes. The acute @entity3 of Nigella sativa fixed oil was investigated in @entity1 . LD50 values, obtained by single doses, orally and intraperitoneally administered in @entity1 , were 28.8 ml/kg body wt. p.o. [26.2-31.6] and 2.06 ml/kg body wt. i.p. [1.86-2.26], respectively. @entity3 was studied in @entity2 treated daily with an oral dose of 2 ml/kg body wt. for 12 weeks. Changes in key hepatic enzymes levels, including @entity7 -aminotransferase, @entity8 -aminotranferase, and gamma-glutamyltransferase and histopathological modifications (heart, @entity0 ) were not observed in @entity2 treated with Nigella sativa after 12 weeks of treatment. The serum @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity6 levels and the count of leukocytes and platelets decreased significantly, compared to control values, while hematocrit and hemoglobin levels increased significantly. A slowing of body @entity9 was also observed in Nigella sativa treated @entity2 , as compared to control animals. The low @entity3 of Nigella sativa fixed oil, evidenced by high LD50 values, key hepatic enzyme stability and organ integrity, suggests a wide margin of safety for therapeutic doses of Nigella sativa fixed oil, but the changes in hemoglobin metabolism and the fall in leukocyte and platelet count must be taken into consideration.

title: Acute and chronic XXXX of Nigella sativa fixed oil.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) @entity2 is a complication of increasing incidence. We present a protocol of an observational case control clinical trial "Positron Emission Tomography Combined With Computed Tomography (PET CT) in Suspected Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection, a Pilot Study - PET Guidance I" (NCT02196753). AIM: The aim of this observational clinical trial is to assess and standardize diagnostic algorithmsforCardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device (CIED) @entity2 (lead dependent @entity4 , generator pocket @entity2 , fever of unknown origin) with PET CT in Poland. METHODS AND RESULTS: Study group will consist of 20 pts with initial diagnosis of @entity3 paired with control group of 20 pts with implanted CIEDs who underwent PET CT due to other non infectious indications and have no data for infectious process in follow-up. All @entity0 included in the study will undergo standard diagnostic process. Conventional/standard diagnostic and therapeutic process will consist of: medical interview, physical examination, laboratory tests, blood cultures; imaging studies: echocardiography: transthoracic (TTE), and if there are no contraindications transesophageal, computed tomography scan for @entity5 if indicated; if there are abnormalities in other systems, decisions concerning further diagnostics will be made on physician discretion. Apart from standard diagnostic procedures @entity0 will undergo whole body PET CT scan to @entity2 or @entity1 . Diagnosis and therapeutic decision will be obtained from the Study Committee. Follow-up will be held within 6 months with control visits at 3 and 6 month. During each follow-up visit, all @entity0 will undergo laboratory tests, 2 blood cultures collected 1 hr apart, and echocardiography (TTE). In case of actual clinical suspicion of @entity4 or local generator pocket @entity2 all @entity0 will be referred for further diagnostics. Endpoints for the results assessment: Primary endpoints are to standardise PET CT in diagnostic process: sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity6 ), negative predictive value (NPV) of the diagnosis made by PET CT. Secondary endpoints are: assessment of usefulness of PET CT for detection of remote infective complications (metastatic abscesses, @entity5 ), incidence of particular localizations of @entity2 , influence of PET CT on therapeutic decision: confirmation or change of decision based on PET CT, safety and complications of diagnostic process of CIED related @entity2 with PET CT. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of positron emission computed tomography use for device-related @entity2 in a case control study may be conclusive and improve diagnostic pathway.

title: New diagnostic pathways urgently needed. Protocol of PET Guidance I pilot study: Positron Emission Tomography in suspected XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Epigenetics refers to the durable changes affecting the genome of an individual during development and aging, but which are not necessarily passed on to subsequent generations. Among the best studied of these epigenetic changes is the @entity2 of chromosome ends or telomeres. Telomeres are specialized structures, consisting of characteristic DNA repeat sequences and the complex of associated proteins, which cap and protect chromosome ends and serve to preserve genome integrity. In most somatic cells, progressive rounds of cell division are associated with telomere @entity2 . Such progressive @entity3 eventuates in loss of replicative capacity (cellular senescence). In order to protect the germline and the subpopulation of stem cells from senescence, mechanisms have evolved to prevent telomere @entity3 in these cellular compartments. The most common and best studied mechanism involves the activation of a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex, known as telomerase. Activity of telomerase circumvents loss of replicative capacity, by preserving telomere length and chromosome integrity. Hence the detailed mechanisms governing the expression and activity of telomerase have been intensively studied in development and differentiation. Early embryonic development and cellular differentiation are associated with a progressive diminution in telomerase activity. This decrease in activity is principally mediated at the level of the promoter for the gene encoding the catalytic unit of the telomerase complex. Unraveling the detailed mechanisms involved in the regulation of telomere length and telomerase activity will have important and far-reaching implications in understanding many aspects of @entity0 health and disease, ranging from accelerated aging syndromes to @entity1 pathogenesis, among others. Furthermore, insights gleaned from continuing research in this area will likely be applicable to the development of strategies to circumvent cellular senescence in regenerative medicine and stem cell therapeutics in the years to come.

title: Telomeres and telomerase in XXXX health and disease.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Thyroid hormone is a major regulator of Sertoli cell development, and the present study sought to determine the role of T3 in M  llerian-inhibiting substance ( @entity3 ) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. @entity3 , a Sertoli cell secretory protein that induces M  llerian duct regression and also may be critical for germ and Leydig cell development, is maximal perinatally, then decreases as Sertoli cells mature. The fall in @entity3 mRNA expression is delayed by @entity1 in vivo, indicating that T3 could regulate @entity3 mRNA. However, understanding of the hormonal regulation of @entity3 has been limited due partly to the lack of a primary Sertoli cell culture system in which sustained expression of @entity3 or its mRNA can be obtained. We have developed a Sertoli cell culture system for examining hormonal regulation of @entity3 mRNA. We then tested the effects of T3 and/or FSH treatment on @entity3 mRNA levels in this new system. Initial studies indicated that @entity3 mRNA production by 5-day-old @entity0 Sertoli cells was minimal in vitro. Therefore, Sertoli cells from 2-day-old @entity0 were cultured for 2 or 4 days. After 2 days in vitro, steady state @entity3 mRNA levels were decreased to 36% of the levels seen in freshly isolated Sertoli cells from 2-day-old @entity0 . However, by day 4 of culture, steady state @entity3 mRNA production had recovered to 67% of that seen in freshly isolated 2-day-old Sertoli cells, which closely paralleled the decrease seen in @entity3 production in vivo from days 2-6. @entity3 mRNA levels were decreased 53%, 64%, and 86% in cultures treated with 0.01, 0.1, and 1.0 nM T3 (P < 0.05), respectively. This decrease in Sertoli cell @entity3 mRNA did not reflect a nonspecific effect on cell viability and/or activity, as shown by a dose-responsive increase in @entity2 mRNA in these same cultures. FSH (2.5-100 ng/ml) also produced a dose-responsive decrease in @entity3 mRNA levels, and FSH and T3 together had an additive inhibitory effect on @entity3 mRNA levels, indicating that these hormones may act through distinct mechanisms. In summary, this is the first primary culture system in which sustained @entity3 mRNA production can be demonstrated, and it should prove useful for understanding the regulation of @entity3 in developing Sertoli cells. In addition, T3 and FSH are major regulators of the postnatal decrease in @entity3 production by the @entity0 Sertoli cell, and these hormones may act through separate pathways.

title: Thyroid hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone regulate M  llerian-inhibiting substance messenger ribonucleic acid expression in cultured neonatal XXXX Sertoli cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The properties of a new second-generation colonizable artificial @entity1 were evaluated in @entity0 . The prosthesis consisted of a peripheral rim of a translucent microporous @entity6 polymer (expanded @entity2 ) fused with the polymer of the central optic. The optic was made of medical-grade @entity5 coated with @entity4 . Its refractive power was 42.2 diopters and it measured 7.0 mm in diameter and 0.55 mm in thickness. The geometry of the optic was tested by high-frequency ultrasound and intraocular pressure and distensibility were measured in an artificial chamber. Prostheses were implanted in one eye of 13 @entity0 . The average follow-up was 6 months (range 3-9 months). Most of the eyes (11/13) were clinically stable after a 7 months follow up. Seven @entity0 had visual acuity improvements. Mean corrected final visual acuity was 20/200 (range, 20/30 to light perception). Five anatomical failures occured (two extrusions, two retroprosthetic membranes, one @entity3 ). The new optical core, junction, and surface properties of the polymers offer many advantages, quicker colonization of the supporting skirt, and an optical core with a geometry similar to that of a normal @entity0 @entity1 . Epithelial cells did not migrate over the interface and optical core. It seems that formation of an epithelium over the artificial device is essential for the long-term stability of the implant.

title: A second generation of artificial XXXX (Biokpro II).

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent chromosome 20q gain is implicated in progressive @entity2 and has been associated with clinical outcomes in multiple types of @entity2 ; however, its prognostic significance in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and the involved genes remain unclear. METHODS: Array comparative genomic hybridization and expression arrays were used to detect copy number alterations (CNAs) and expression levels, respectively. The associations between CNAs in 20q and outcomes were analyzed on 66 @entity0 , for which the follow-up period was 2.6-73.3  months. One hundred seventeen @entity2 were further investigated to identify target genes in the potentially outcome-related CNAs. RESULTS: Regional or whole 20q gain was detected in 24 (36.4  %) of the 66 @entity3 cases. The most recurrent gains were 20q11.21-12, 20q12-13.12, 20q13.12-13.33 and 20q13.33. Of the CNAs, 20q13.12-13.33 gain was significantly associated with reduced extrohepatic @entity1 -free and overall survival, as well as with elevated postoperative @entity4 level, @entity2 @entity6 and advanced @entity2 stage. Multivariate Cox analysis identified 20q13.12-13.33 gain as an independent prognostic marker for @entity1 (HR 3.73, 95  % CI 1.08-12.87) and @entity5 (HR 3.00, 95  % CI 1.26-7.13). A panel of 19 genes in 20q13.12-13.33 was significantly overexpressed in HCCs with gain compared to HCCs without. High expression (greater than median) for 5 of the 19 genes, @entity9 , @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity11 and @entity8 , correlated significantly with @entity6 , and high @entity10 expression also with advanced @entity2 stage. CONCLUSIONS: Gain at 20q13.12-13.33 is a prognostic marker of @entity1 and @entity5 , and @entity9 , @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity11 , and @entity8 are probable target genes which may be involved together in the unfavorable outcomes of @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Multiple genes identified as targets for 20q13.12-13.33 gain contributing to unfavorable clinical outcomes in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent chromosome 20q gain is implicated in progressive @entity2 and has been associated with clinical outcomes in multiple types of @entity2 ; however, its prognostic significance in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and the involved genes remain unclear. METHODS: Array comparative genomic hybridization and expression arrays were used to detect copy number alterations (CNAs) and expression levels, respectively. The associations between CNAs in 20q and outcomes were analyzed on 66 @entity0 , for which the follow-up period was 2.6-73.3  months. One hundred seventeen @entity2 were further investigated to identify target genes in the potentially outcome-related CNAs. RESULTS: Regional or whole 20q gain was detected in 24 (36.4  %) of the 66 @entity3 cases. The most recurrent gains were 20q11.21-12, 20q12-13.12, 20q13.12-13.33 and 20q13.33. Of the CNAs, 20q13.12-13.33 gain was significantly associated with reduced extrohepatic @entity1 -free and overall survival, as well as with elevated postoperative @entity4 level, @entity2 @entity6 and advanced @entity2 stage. Multivariate Cox analysis identified 20q13.12-13.33 gain as an independent prognostic marker for @entity1 (HR 3.73, 95  % CI 1.08-12.87) and @entity5 (HR 3.00, 95  % CI 1.26-7.13). A panel of 19 genes in 20q13.12-13.33 was significantly overexpressed in HCCs with gain compared to HCCs without. High expression (greater than median) for 5 of the 19 genes, @entity9 , @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity11 and @entity8 , correlated significantly with @entity6 , and high @entity10 expression also with advanced @entity2 stage. CONCLUSIONS: Gain at 20q13.12-13.33 is a prognostic marker of @entity1 and @entity5 , and @entity9 , @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity11 , and @entity8 are probable target genes which may be involved together in the unfavorable outcomes of @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Multiple genes identified as targets for 20q13.12-13.33 gain contributing to unfavorable clinical outcomes in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The adverse effects of @entity1 in hospital inpatients can be severe, resulting in morbidity and even mortality. This study examined the ability of surgical @entity0 in a district general hospital to undertake the seemingly minor but critically important task of taking on oral fluids using the conventional, hospital-supplied, water jug and glass. METHODS: Surgical @entity0 receiving oral fluids were interviewed on two occasions. A questionnaire assessed the @entity0 's capacity to use the water jug and recorded his or her experience. The @entity0 's ability to use jugs with varying volumes of water was then observed. RESULTS: Some @entity0 simply could not physically lift the conventional jug of water and often went thirsty; 42% of @entity0 could not reach the jug of water at the time of interview; 31% of @entity0 found the simple task of pouring a glass of water difficult, very difficult or impossible. CONCLUSION: @entity0 need their individual requirements to be assessed and their preferences addressed on admission to hospital, by means of a fluid-assessment chart. Alternative methods of hydration should also be considered. Education and training on the importance of hydration remain key. These small changes could improve @entity0 hydration and independence, thus preventing avoidable harm.

title: Prevention of XXXX in hospital inpatients.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The germ cells of metazoans follow a program of proliferation that is distinct from proliferation programs of somatic cells. Despite their developmental importance, the cell proliferation program in the metazoan primordial germ cells is not well characterized and the regulatory controls are not understood. In @entity0 , germ cell precursors (called pole cells) proliferate early in embryogenesis and then enter a prolonged quiescence. We found that polar nuclear divisions are asynchronous and lag behind somatic nuclear divisions during syncytial cycles 9 and 10. Thus, the polar division program deviates from the somatic division program when pole nuclei and somatic nuclei still share a common cytoplasm, earlier than previously thought. The lag in polar nuclear divisions is independent of grapes, which is required for lengthening somatic cell cycles 10-13. Mapping of the last S phase in pole cells and measurement of their DNA content indicate that pole cells become quiescent in G2 phase of the cell cycle. We were able to drive quiescent pole cells into mitosis by induction of either an activator of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) or a mutant form of @entity1 that cannot be inhibited by phosphorylation. In contrast, induction of wild-type @entity1 with a mitotic @entity2 did not induce mitosis in pole cells. We propose that inhibition of @entity1 by phosphorylation contributes to G2 arrest in pole cells during embryogenesis. Furthermore, pole cells enter G1 following induced mitoses, indicating that entry into both mitosis and S phase is blocked in quiescent pole cells. These studies represent the first molecular characterization of proliferation in embryonic germ cells of @entity0 .

title: The cell cycle program in germ cells of the XXXX embryo.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate @entity2 's long-term cost and impact on life expectancy. DESIGN: A 19-year individual follow-up study. Subjects were categorized according to their baseline (1972) diastolic blood pressure (DBP) level into three groups: normotensive (DBP < 95 mmHg), mildly @entity2 (DBP 95-104 mmHg), and severely @entity2 (DBP > 104 mmHg). By using their social security identification numbers, we linked the subjects to a set of national registers covering hospital admissions, use of major drugs, absence due to sickness, disability pensions, and @entity3 . SUBJECTS: A random population sample of 10 284 @entity0 and @entity0 aged 25-59 years from the provinces of Kuopio and North Karelia in eastern Finland. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The numbers of years of life and years of work lost, the cost of drugs and hospitalization, and the value of productivity lost due to disability and premature mortality. RESULTS: The difference in life expectancy between normotensive and severely @entity2 @entity0 was 2.7 years, of which 2.0 years was due to @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Among @entity0 the corresponding differences were 2.0 and 1.5 years. Severely @entity2 @entity0 lost 2.6 years of work more than did normotensive @entity0 , of which 1.7 years was due to @entity1 . Among @entity0 the differences were 2.2 and 1.3 years. The mean undiscounted total costs (USA dollars at 1992 prices) were  132 500 among normotensive,  146 500 among mildly @entity2 , and  219 300 among severely @entity2 @entity0 , of which @entity1 accounted for 28, 39, and 43%, respectively. More than 90% of the total costs were indirect productivity losses. Among @entity0 the total costs were lower for all DBP categories, as were the shares of @entity1 -related costs. The proportional increase in costs on going from the lowest to the highest DBP category was, however, somewhat larger among @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: On the population level, severe @entity2 leads to considerable losses in terms of years of life lost, years of work lost, and costs. However, the overall impact of mild @entity2 is much more limited.

title: Long-term cost and life-expectancy consequences of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the distributions of the genotypes and alleles of the @entity5 polymorphism of the @entity4 gene for @entity1 @entity0 and normotensive controls. DESIGN: A study of association of genetic polymorphisms. SETTING: An outpatient clinic run by a university department handling referrals from primary care. @entity0 : Two hundred and four subjects, 103 normal controls and 101 @entity0 with newly diagnosed or documented @entity1 . METHOD: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes, amplified by polymerase chain reaction and digested with the restriction enzyme Tth 111 I. @entity2 (M) and @entity3 (T) alleles were identified after electrophoresis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalences of @entity4 genotypes and alleles for @entity1 @entity0 and controls. RESULTS: MM, TM and TT genotypes occurred in 3, 24 and 73% of controls and 1, 22 and 77% of @entity1 @entity0 , respectively. The prevalences of the M and T alleles were 0.15 and 0.85 among controls and 0.12 and 0.88 among @entity1 @entity0 . The prevalences of the @entity4 genotypes and alleles for controls and @entity1 @entity0 did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings differed from previous reports and suggested that this polymorphism is not associated with @entity1 in this population.

title: XXXX polymorphism of the @entity4 gene and @entity1 in Chinese.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the distributions of the genotypes and alleles of the @entity5 polymorphism of the @entity4 gene for @entity1 @entity0 and normotensive controls. DESIGN: A study of association of genetic polymorphisms. SETTING: An outpatient clinic run by a university department handling referrals from primary care. @entity0 : Two hundred and four subjects, 103 normal controls and 101 @entity0 with newly diagnosed or documented @entity1 . METHOD: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes, amplified by polymerase chain reaction and digested with the restriction enzyme Tth 111 I. @entity2 (M) and @entity3 (T) alleles were identified after electrophoresis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalences of @entity4 genotypes and alleles for @entity1 @entity0 and controls. RESULTS: MM, TM and TT genotypes occurred in 3, 24 and 73% of controls and 1, 22 and 77% of @entity1 @entity0 , respectively. The prevalences of the M and T alleles were 0.15 and 0.85 among controls and 0.12 and 0.88 among @entity1 @entity0 . The prevalences of the @entity4 genotypes and alleles for controls and @entity1 @entity0 did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings differed from previous reports and suggested that this polymorphism is not associated with @entity1 in this population.

title: @entity5 polymorphism of the XXXX gene and @entity1 in Chinese.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the distributions of the genotypes and alleles of the @entity5 polymorphism of the @entity4 gene for @entity1 @entity0 and normotensive controls. DESIGN: A study of association of genetic polymorphisms. SETTING: An outpatient clinic run by a university department handling referrals from primary care. @entity0 : Two hundred and four subjects, 103 normal controls and 101 @entity0 with newly diagnosed or documented @entity1 . METHOD: Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes, amplified by polymerase chain reaction and digested with the restriction enzyme Tth 111 I. @entity2 (M) and @entity3 (T) alleles were identified after electrophoresis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalences of @entity4 genotypes and alleles for @entity1 @entity0 and controls. RESULTS: MM, TM and TT genotypes occurred in 3, 24 and 73% of controls and 1, 22 and 77% of @entity1 @entity0 , respectively. The prevalences of the M and T alleles were 0.15 and 0.85 among controls and 0.12 and 0.88 among @entity1 @entity0 . The prevalences of the @entity4 genotypes and alleles for controls and @entity1 @entity0 did not differ significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings differed from previous reports and suggested that this polymorphism is not associated with @entity1 in this population.

title: @entity5 polymorphism of the @entity4 gene and XXXX in Chinese.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: (1) To describe access to health care in the population of Dakar; (2) to analyze the influence of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics on access to health care; (3) and to describe the fraction of consultations accounted for by chronic non-communicable diseases. These data come from a 2009 survey of 600 individuals aged 20 years and over. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and information about access to health care were collected. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regressions were used for the statistical analyses. @entity0 , @entity0 with no schooling, and poor @entity0 were underrepresented among users of health care services. Moreover, the majority of Dakar residents who sought health care during the year preceding the survey went to see a doctor (as opposed to a traditional healer, pharmacist, nurse, midwife, or dentist). Finally, @entity1 accounted for the smallest fraction of reasons for medical consultations; they were mentioned most often by those aged 50 years or older who consult more than 5 times a year. Dakar residents have an access to health care similar to that of @entity0 in other African countries, but this conclusion hides major inequalities. Moreover, at the same time that Senegal is undergoing an epidemiological transition, chronic non-communicable diseases are not a major reason for consultations. The epidemiological projections made for Africa for the next 15 years indicate that the development of strategies to avert the development of these diseases in Senegal must be a priority objective.

title: Access to health care in Dakar (Senegal): frequency, type of provider, and non-communicable XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) determined at pretreatment is important in the prediction of prognosis in @entity1 . We investigated if the @entity3 used both at pretreatment and during concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) could predict the prognosis of @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: We collected @entity3 and clinicopathological data from the medical records of 91 @entity0 who underwent CCRT for @entity1 ; their GPSs at pretreatment and during CCRT were retrospectively analyzed for correlations with recurrence and survival. Statistical analyses were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test. Disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox's proportional hazard regression was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The median follow-up for all @entity0 who were alive at the time of last follow-up was 38.0 months (range, 1-108 months). The DFS and @entity2 rates of @entity0 with a high @entity3 during CCRT ( @entity3 1 + 2; 55 @entity0 ; 60.4%) were significantly shorter than those for @entity0 with a low @entity3 ( @entity3 0; 36 @entity0 ; 39.6%) (DFS, P < 0.001; @entity2 , P < 0.001). Furthermore, multivariate analyses showed that high @entity3 during CCRT was an independent prognostic factor of survival for @entity2 (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: During CCRT, a high @entity3 was revealed to be an important predictor of survival for @entity1 .

title: The Glasgow Prognostic Score Determined During Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Is an Independent Predictor of Survival for Cervical XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) presents with rapidly progressive @entity3 associated with several symptoms including pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar signs. In Japan, @entity0 with @entity5 gene mutations comprise 18.3% of @entity4 cases. In the present study, we report a 74-year-old @entity0 with a double mutation in the @entity5 gene. He showed @entity6 , gait disturbance, and @entity2 . High signal intensity was observed in the bilateral cortex on brain MRI in diffusion-weighted images. There were high total Tau protein and 14-3-3 protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. We diagnosed him as having @entity4 clinically, and analyzed the @entity5 gene, which revealed a @entity7 mutation and a @entity8 one, i.e., a compound heterozygous status. In our @entity0 , the disease has very slowly progressive (total disease course, 37 months). The @entity7 and @entity8 mutations are specific mutations to Japanese @entity4 @entity0 . For @entity0 with a double @entity5 gene mutation, only @entity7 and @entity8 have been known. @entity0 with a double mutation ( @entity7 / @entity8 ) in the @entity5 gene might show an @entity1 with a slow progression.

title: A case of @entity4 with a double mutation ( XXXX / @entity8 ) in the @entity5 gene.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) presents with rapidly progressive @entity3 associated with several symptoms including pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar signs. In Japan, @entity0 with @entity5 gene mutations comprise 18.3% of @entity4 cases. In the present study, we report a 74-year-old @entity0 with a double mutation in the @entity5 gene. He showed @entity6 , gait disturbance, and @entity2 . High signal intensity was observed in the bilateral cortex on brain MRI in diffusion-weighted images. There were high total Tau protein and 14-3-3 protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. We diagnosed him as having @entity4 clinically, and analyzed the @entity5 gene, which revealed a @entity7 mutation and a @entity8 one, i.e., a compound heterozygous status. In our @entity0 , the disease has very slowly progressive (total disease course, 37 months). The @entity7 and @entity8 mutations are specific mutations to Japanese @entity4 @entity0 . For @entity0 with a double @entity5 gene mutation, only @entity7 and @entity8 have been known. @entity0 with a double mutation ( @entity7 / @entity8 ) in the @entity5 gene might show an @entity1 with a slow progression.

title: A case of @entity4 with a double mutation ( @entity7 / @entity8 ) in the XXXX gene.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) presents with rapidly progressive @entity3 associated with several symptoms including pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar signs. In Japan, @entity0 with @entity5 gene mutations comprise 18.3% of @entity4 cases. In the present study, we report a 74-year-old @entity0 with a double mutation in the @entity5 gene. He showed @entity6 , gait disturbance, and @entity2 . High signal intensity was observed in the bilateral cortex on brain MRI in diffusion-weighted images. There were high total Tau protein and 14-3-3 protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. We diagnosed him as having @entity4 clinically, and analyzed the @entity5 gene, which revealed a @entity7 mutation and a @entity8 one, i.e., a compound heterozygous status. In our @entity0 , the disease has very slowly progressive (total disease course, 37 months). The @entity7 and @entity8 mutations are specific mutations to Japanese @entity4 @entity0 . For @entity0 with a double @entity5 gene mutation, only @entity7 and @entity8 have been known. @entity0 with a double mutation ( @entity7 / @entity8 ) in the @entity5 gene might show an @entity1 with a slow progression.

title: A case of XXXX with a double mutation ( @entity7 / @entity8 ) in the @entity5 gene.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) presents with rapidly progressive @entity3 associated with several symptoms including pyramidal, extrapyramidal, and cerebellar signs. In Japan, @entity0 with @entity5 gene mutations comprise 18.3% of @entity4 cases. In the present study, we report a 74-year-old @entity0 with a double mutation in the @entity5 gene. He showed @entity6 , gait disturbance, and @entity2 . High signal intensity was observed in the bilateral cortex on brain MRI in diffusion-weighted images. There were high total Tau protein and 14-3-3 protein levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. We diagnosed him as having @entity4 clinically, and analyzed the @entity5 gene, which revealed a @entity7 mutation and a @entity8 one, i.e., a compound heterozygous status. In our @entity0 , the disease has very slowly progressive (total disease course, 37 months). The @entity7 and @entity8 mutations are specific mutations to Japanese @entity4 @entity0 . For @entity0 with a double @entity5 gene mutation, only @entity7 and @entity8 have been known. @entity0 with a double mutation ( @entity7 / @entity8 ) in the @entity5 gene might show an @entity1 with a slow progression.

title: A case of @entity4 with a double mutation ( @entity7 / XXXX ) in the @entity5 gene.

answer: @entity8


abstract: To evaluate the case-finding strategy for @entity1 in Norway, a questionnaire concerning risk factors for @entity1 and history of osteodensitometry was mailed to a population-based cohort of 6000 @entity0 and 6000 @entity0 . Suboptimal examination rates among high risk and reallocation of scanning capacity to seemingly low-risk individuals was found. PURPOSE: In Norway, a case-finding strategy for @entity1 has been used. No data exist regarding the efficacy of this approach. The aim was to examine the prevalence of risk factors for @entity1 and factors related to the use of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in Norway. METHODS: Questionnaires regarding previous history of DXA, risk factors for @entity1 and @entity2 were sent to an age-stratified, nationwide cross-sectional sample of 6000 @entity0 and 6000 @entity0 aged 40-90  years, drawn from the Norwegian Civil Registration System. RESULTS: Valid responses (6029) were included. Twenty-two point three percent of @entity0 and 3.8  % of @entity0 had been examined by DXA. Suboptimal examination rates among high risk (e.g., current/previous glucocorticoid treatment or previous low-energy @entity2 ) and reallocation of scanning capacity to seemingly low-risk individuals was found. Of all DXA, 19.5  % were reported by @entity0 without any risk factor for @entity1 , similarly by 16.2  % of @entity0 . Distance to DXA facilities and current smoking were inversely related to probability of reporting a DXA. CONCLUSIONS: Suboptimal examination rates among high risk and reallocation of scanning capacity to seemingly low-risk individuals were found. Distance to DXA, current smoking, and male sex constituted possible barriers to the case-finding strategy employed. Cheap and more available diagnostic tools for @entity1 are needed, and risk stratification tools should be employed more extensively.

title: Risk factors for XXXX and factors related to the use of DXA in Norway.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity1 is occasionally detected on a chest computed tomography (CT) scan before cardiovascular surgery. PURPOSE: In this study, we examined clinical courses of @entity0 who had undergone the simultaneous resection of a @entity1 following cardiovascular surgery. METHODS: From 2008 to 2013, 18 @entity0 (13 @entity0 and 5 @entity0 ) with a median age of 69.8 years underwent the wedge pulmonary resection for a @entity1 through a median thoracotomy following cardiovascular surgery in our hospital. Cardiovascular surgeries consisted of off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in six @entity0 , aortic valve replacement and/or mitral valve plasty in 10 @entity0 , total arch replacement in 10 @entity0 and descending aorta replacement in 10 @entity0 . RESULTS: No complications associated with pulmonary resections were observed. Pathological examination revealed that 15 @entity0 (83.3%) were diagnosed with @entity1 including 13 @entity4 and two @entity5 , with the clinical stages of 1A in 13 @entity0 , 2A in one @entity0 and 2B in one @entity0 . Among them, five @entity0 received the radical pulmonary resection subsequently, whereas 10 @entity0 were unable to receive it due to their poor cardiopulmonary function. Kaplan-Meier analysis of @entity0 with @entity1 revealed that the 5-year survival rate and progression-free survival (PFS) rate after 3 years from the surgery were 46.2% and 73.8%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The simultaneous resection of @entity1 following cardiovascular surgery is safely performed, and is useful for the pathological diagnosis of the @entity2 . Further studies are warranted, however, this procedure may contribute to controlling the progression of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity3 with comorbidities.

title: Simultaneous resection of XXXX following cardiovascular surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Interstrand cross-links in cellular DNA are highly deleterious lesions that block transcription and replication. We recently characterized two new structural types of interstrand cross-links derived from the reaction of abasic (Ap) sites with either @entity0 or @entity2 residues in duplex DNA. Interestingly, these Ap-derived cross-links are forged by chemically reversible processes, in which the two strands of the duplex are joined by hemiaminal, @entity4 , or @entity1 linkages. Therefore, understanding the stability of Ap-derived cross-links may be critical in defining the potential biological consequences of these lesions. Here we employed @entity5 DNA polymerase, which can couple DNA synthesis and strand displacement, as a model system to examine whether dA-Ap cross-links can withstand DNA-processing enzymes. We first demonstrated that a chemically stable interstrand cross-link generated by @entity3 reduction of the dG-Ap cross-link completely blocked primer extension by   29 DNA polymerase at the last unmodified nucleobase preceding cross-link. We then showed that the nominally reversible dA-Ap cross-link behaved, for all practical purposes, like an irreversible, covalent DNA-DNA cross-link. The dA-Ap cross-link completely blocked progress of the   29 DNA polymerase at the last unmodified base before the cross-link. This suggests that Ap-derived cross-links have the power to block various DNA-processing enzymes in the cell. In addition, our results reveal   29 DNA polymerase as a tool for detecting the presence and mapping the location of interstrand cross-links (and possibly other lesions) embedded within regions of duplex DNA.

title: Characterization of Interstrand DNA-DNA Cross-Links Derived from Abasic Sites Using XXXX DNA Polymerase.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Ionizing radiation has been used to treat many @entity1 since the turn of the century. Modern radiotherapeutic techniques have led to increased cure rates and improved local regional control, but the potentially severe and debilitating adverse effects of radiation therapy have not been fully eliminated. Managing radiation-induced @entity2 often focuses on treating the symptoms as they manifest. However, preventing these complications is clearly more desirable. Radiation-induced @entity2 may be ameliorated in several ways. Dose fractionation was one of the earliest methods recognized to decrease radiation-induced @entity2 . Another early method was the use of physical shielding to reduce the area of exposure. Pharmacologic approaches to improving the therapeutic index of radiotherapy fall under two categories: radiosensitizers or radioprotectants. Radiosensitizers are compounds that enhance the sensitivity of @entity1 to the effects of radiation, but not normal tissue. Radioprotectants such as @entity3 function by reducing the effects of radiation on normal cells while maintaining @entity1 sensitivity. Clinical trials have demonstrated that @entity3 can reduce both acute and late radiation-induced @entity2 . The development of @entity3 has thus resulted in greater @entity1 control without sacrificing @entity0 well-being. Further investigations are necessary to ensure that @entity0 receive the optimum therapeutic benefit.

title: Radiation-induced XXXX : the role of radioprotectants.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The ventricular system carries and circulates cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and facilitates clearance of solutes and toxins from the brain. The functional units of the ventricles are ciliated epithelial cells termed ependymal cells, which line the ventricles and through ciliary action are capable of generating laminar flow of CSF at the ventricle surface. This monolayer of ependymal cells also provides barrier and filtration functions that promote exchange between brain interstitial fluids (ISF) and circulating CSF. Biochemical changes in the brain are thereby reflected in the composition of the CSF and destruction of the ependyma can disrupt the delicate balance of CSF and ISF exchange. In @entity0 there is a strong correlation between lateral ventricle expansion and aging. Age-associated @entity5 can occur even in the absence of @entity4 or obstruction of CSF flow. The exact cause and progression of @entity5 is often unknown; however, enlarged ventricles can show regional and, often, extensive loss of ependymal cell coverage with ventricle surface astrogliosis and associated periventricular @entity1 replacing the functional ependymal cell monolayer. Using MRI scans together with postmortem @entity0 brain tissue, we describe how to prepare, image and compile 3D renderings of lateral ventricle volumes, calculate lateral ventricle volumes, and characterize periventricular tissue through immunohistochemical analysis of en face lateral ventricle wall tissue preparations. Corresponding analyses of @entity2 brain tissue are also presented supporting the use of @entity2 models as a means to evaluate changes to the lateral ventricles and periventricular tissue found in @entity0 @entity3 . Together, these protocols allow investigations into the cause and effect of @entity5 and highlight techniques to study ventricular system health and its important barrier and filtration functions within the brain.

title: 3D Modeling of the Lateral Ventricles and Histological Characterization of Periventricular Tissue in XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The ventricular system carries and circulates cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and facilitates clearance of solutes and toxins from the brain. The functional units of the ventricles are ciliated epithelial cells termed ependymal cells, which line the ventricles and through ciliary action are capable of generating laminar flow of CSF at the ventricle surface. This monolayer of ependymal cells also provides barrier and filtration functions that promote exchange between brain interstitial fluids (ISF) and circulating CSF. Biochemical changes in the brain are thereby reflected in the composition of the CSF and destruction of the ependyma can disrupt the delicate balance of CSF and ISF exchange. In @entity0 there is a strong correlation between lateral ventricle expansion and aging. Age-associated @entity5 can occur even in the absence of @entity4 or obstruction of CSF flow. The exact cause and progression of @entity5 is often unknown; however, enlarged ventricles can show regional and, often, extensive loss of ependymal cell coverage with ventricle surface astrogliosis and associated periventricular @entity1 replacing the functional ependymal cell monolayer. Using MRI scans together with postmortem @entity0 brain tissue, we describe how to prepare, image and compile 3D renderings of lateral ventricle volumes, calculate lateral ventricle volumes, and characterize periventricular tissue through immunohistochemical analysis of en face lateral ventricle wall tissue preparations. Corresponding analyses of @entity2 brain tissue are also presented supporting the use of @entity2 models as a means to evaluate changes to the lateral ventricles and periventricular tissue found in @entity0 @entity3 . Together, these protocols allow investigations into the cause and effect of @entity5 and highlight techniques to study ventricular system health and its important barrier and filtration functions within the brain.

title: 3D Modeling of the Lateral Ventricles and Histological Characterization of Periventricular Tissue in @entity0 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Iloprost, a @entity5 , is chemically stable and it has been successfully used by intravenous infusion in severe @entity1 . Usually Iloprost is diluted in 0.9% @entity4 solution and infused intravenously for six hours each day for 28 days in hospital. METHODS: In the present study after the first three days of infusion with a traditional pump in hospital, a home pump has been utilised for the infusion of Iloprost at home. This device allows the continue infusion of Iloprost at a flow rate of 2 ml/h for six days, then the pump is filled with a new solution. The home pump consists of a protective shell in @entity6 (10 x 12 cm), 270 ml of volume, inside there is a balloon reservoir (3 membranes) which is filled with Iloprost. The structure of Iloprost does not change into the home pump as evidenced by HPLC studies and its continue infusion allows plasmatic high levels of its active isomers during the 28 days of therapy. In 30 @entity0 , 25 @entity0 and 5 @entity0 (mean age 61 years) with Fontaine stage IIB (6), III (5) and IV (19) POAD Iloprost has been infused with the home pump. The follow-up period was 1 to 16 months. RESULTS: The results have shown 4 major amputations and 1 death, in 9 @entity0 complete @entity2 relief and @entity3 , and in 6 @entity0 only improvement in relief of @entity2 and @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: All the @entity0 appreciated this system of infusion because they had a normal life; in addition it is less expensive because the @entity0 stay in hospital only 3 days.

title: [A new infusion method for a XXXX analogue].

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIM: To examine the incidence and natural history of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) associated with the shorter 2-3 week course of @entity2 , now more usual, for @entity3 . METHOD: Thirty one @entity0 , gestational age 23-34 (median 26) weeks, birthweight 500-2054 (median 815)g, received @entity2 , starting at 0.4-0.6 mg/kg/day, at a median of 11 days of age (range 2-34), weaning over a period of 2-3 weeks. Eighteen preterm neonates were studied as controls over a similar time period. Serial echocardiographic measurements of end diastolic interventricular septum (IVSd) and left ventricular posterior wall (LVPWd) thicknesses were taken before, and up to 48 days after, starting @entity2 . Maximum Doppler blood flow velocities from the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) were measured. RESULTS: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) occurred in 29 babies (94%). Median @entity4 of the IVSd in those receiving @entity2 was 67% and LVPWd 56% of baseline measurements, significantly greater than control @entity0 (p < 0.001). @entity5 appeared by a median of three days, peaking by a median of 10 days. All resolved by a median of 27 days. LVOT obstruction was not seen. There was no significant correlation with birthweight, gestation, blood pressure, or @entity1 tolerance. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 developed in almost all preterm neonates receiving a 2-3 week course of @entity2 , but was of little clinical importance and always resolved. Echocardiography is probably not required routinely in @entity0 receiving such short course @entity2 for @entity3 .

title: Cardiac effects of short course XXXX in preterm @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To examine the incidence and natural history of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) associated with the shorter 2-3 week course of @entity2 , now more usual, for @entity3 . METHOD: Thirty one @entity0 , gestational age 23-34 (median 26) weeks, birthweight 500-2054 (median 815)g, received @entity2 , starting at 0.4-0.6 mg/kg/day, at a median of 11 days of age (range 2-34), weaning over a period of 2-3 weeks. Eighteen preterm neonates were studied as controls over a similar time period. Serial echocardiographic measurements of end diastolic interventricular septum (IVSd) and left ventricular posterior wall (LVPWd) thicknesses were taken before, and up to 48 days after, starting @entity2 . Maximum Doppler blood flow velocities from the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) were measured. RESULTS: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) occurred in 29 babies (94%). Median @entity4 of the IVSd in those receiving @entity2 was 67% and LVPWd 56% of baseline measurements, significantly greater than control @entity0 (p < 0.001). @entity5 appeared by a median of three days, peaking by a median of 10 days. All resolved by a median of 27 days. LVOT obstruction was not seen. There was no significant correlation with birthweight, gestation, blood pressure, or @entity1 tolerance. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 developed in almost all preterm neonates receiving a 2-3 week course of @entity2 , but was of little clinical importance and always resolved. Echocardiography is probably not required routinely in @entity0 receiving such short course @entity2 for @entity3 .

title: Cardiac effects of short course @entity2 in preterm XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a well-recognised complication of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Little is known of its natural history, but a variety of joint involvement has been described, from large joint pauciarticular @entity6 to a @entity4 pattern polyarthropathy. AIMS: To classify the peripheral @entity6 according to pattern of articular involvement, and study their natural history and clinical associations. METHODS: The case notes of all @entity0 attending the @entity1 clinic were reviewed, and information on general disease characteristics, extraintestinal features, and @entity6 extracted. This was confirmed by direct @entity0 interview using questionnaires at routine follow up. @entity0 with recorded joint swelling or effusion were classified as type 1 (pauciarticular) if less than five joints were involved and type 2 (polyarticular) if five or more were involved. @entity0 without evidence of swelling were classified as @entity7 . RESULTS: In total, 976 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and 483 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were reviewed. Type 1 occurred in 3.6% of @entity0 with @entity3 (83% acute and self-limiting) and in 6.0% of those with @entity2 (79% self-limiting); 83% and 76%, respectively, were associated with relapsing @entity1 . Type 2 occurred in 2.5% of @entity0 with @entity3 and 4.0% of those with @entity2 ; 87% and 89%, respectively, caused persistent symptoms whereas only 29% and 42%, respectively, were associated with relapsing @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity5 without axial involvement can be subdivided into a pauciarticular, @entity6 , and a bilateral symmetrical polyarthropathy, each being distinguished by its articular distribution and natural history.

title: Peripheral @entity6 in XXXX : their articular distribution and natural history.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a well-recognised complication of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Little is known of its natural history, but a variety of joint involvement has been described, from large joint pauciarticular @entity6 to a @entity4 pattern polyarthropathy. AIMS: To classify the peripheral @entity6 according to pattern of articular involvement, and study their natural history and clinical associations. METHODS: The case notes of all @entity0 attending the @entity1 clinic were reviewed, and information on general disease characteristics, extraintestinal features, and @entity6 extracted. This was confirmed by direct @entity0 interview using questionnaires at routine follow up. @entity0 with recorded joint swelling or effusion were classified as type 1 (pauciarticular) if less than five joints were involved and type 2 (polyarticular) if five or more were involved. @entity0 without evidence of swelling were classified as @entity7 . RESULTS: In total, 976 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and 483 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were reviewed. Type 1 occurred in 3.6% of @entity0 with @entity3 (83% acute and self-limiting) and in 6.0% of those with @entity2 (79% self-limiting); 83% and 76%, respectively, were associated with relapsing @entity1 . Type 2 occurred in 2.5% of @entity0 with @entity3 and 4.0% of those with @entity2 ; 87% and 89%, respectively, caused persistent symptoms whereas only 29% and 42%, respectively, were associated with relapsing @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity5 without axial involvement can be subdivided into a pauciarticular, @entity6 , and a bilateral symmetrical polyarthropathy, each being distinguished by its articular distribution and natural history.

title: Peripheral XXXX in @entity1 : their articular distribution and natural history.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abusive @entity2 (AHT) is a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to better understand the trends centered on AHT @entity0 treated at Vanderbilt @entity0 's Hospital. A retrospective study of 139 @entity0 undergoing treatment and management for @entity1 due to abuse between January 2006 and April 2013 at Vanderbilt @entity0 's Hospital was conducted. Caucasian males made up 61% and the youngest sibling represented 86.3% of our cohort. The median age was 5 months with injuries occurring during summertime and on weekdays, 31 and 63%, respectively. Seventy-nine percent were diagnosed with @entity4 , and 42% had a Glasgow @entity3 Scale (GCS) of 8 or less. A total of 25 @entity0 , median age 8.6 months, died during our study period. The results of this study describe the AHT population at Vanderbilt @entity0 's Hospital. Future studies should prospectively assess this population to better understand social factors involved in AHT.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Identifying Characteristics in Abusive XXXX : A Single-Institution Experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     Recent treatment goals for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) focus on avoiding tracheostomy through modalities such as @entity2 ( @entity2 ). We primarily evaluated the efficacy of our straightforward @entity2 treatment protocol for resolution of @entity3 -associated @entity1 while secondarily analyzing @entity0 characteristics associated with success or failure of @entity2 . DESIGN:     A retrospective chart review before and after treatment. SETTING:     Tertiary institutional center and private practice setting. @entity0 :     All @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity3 and treated with @entity2 , according to the @entity2 treatment protocol, by a single surgeon with the same operative technique from 1999 to 2013. A sample size of n = 38 met the inclusion criteria. Data assessed included tracheostomy status (pre- @entity2 , post- @entity2 , or none), microlaryngoscopy and bronchoscopy (MLB) findings, multipositional airway study results, clinical resolution of @entity1 following @entity2 , and @entity0 characteristics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:     Resolution of @entity1 with avoidance of a tracheostomy. RESULTS:     Prior to referral for @entity2 , five @entity0 required urgent tracheostomy. Of @entity0 without a pre- @entity2 tracheostomy (n = 33), two @entity0 required tracheostomy post- @entity2 , while 94% avoided tracheostomy with clinical resolution of @entity1 (n = 31). On secondary analysis, anatomic abnormalities diagnosed by MLB were associated with a higher rate of tracheostomy (P = .037), confirming the utility of preoperative evaluation with MLB; otherwise, no @entity0 characteristics demonstrated significance in @entity0 selection. Follow-up ranged from 6 months to 10 years (mean = 6.45 years, median = 7.61 years). CONCLUSIONS:     Our treatment protocol demonstrates @entity2 is highly effective for resolving severe @entity1 related to @entity3 . Based on secondary analysis, our simplified protocol does not require amendment.

title: A Simple Mandibular Distraction Protocol to Avoid Tracheostomy in XXXX With Pierre Robin Sequence.

answer: @entity0