abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate the effects and @entity2 of combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and local radiotherapy for @entity0 with unresectable @entity3 . METHODOLOGY: From June 1994 to June 1999, 28 @entity0 with unresectable @entity3 (the largest dimension of @entity1 ranged from 3 to 10 cm) were treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization followed by local irradiation. Response was assessed by computed tomography scan and ultrasound, together with serum @entity4 level in cases with increased baseline values. Complications associated with treatment were monitored. Cumulative survival was determined by Kaplan-Meier method from the first day of treatment. RESULTS: An objective response (reduction of @entity1 area greater than 50%) was achieved in 57.0% of the cases. In 63.0% of the cases with increased @entity4 values, @entity4 level underwent a marked reduction (more than 50%). The cumulative survival rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 81.9%, 42.4%, and 21.2%, respectively (median survival, 31 months, 95% CI: 27.8-34.2 months). The combination therapy was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that combined transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with local radiotherapy is an effective and safe treatment for unresectable @entity3 . Further study is required to compare the therapeutic efficacy of this regimen to transcatheter arterial chemoembolization or radiotherapy alone.

title: The long-term efficacy of combined chemoembolization and local irradiation in the treatment of XXXX with large @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the role of reactive @entity1 species (ROS) in the pathophysiology of @entity0 reproduction. DESIGN: Review of literature. SETTING: Fertility research center and obstetrics and gynecology department in a tertiary care facility. RESULT(S): ROS plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of many reproductive processes. In @entity4 . oxidative stress attacks the fluidity of the sperm plasma membrane and the integrity of DNA in the sperm nucleus. Reactive @entity1 species induced DNA damage may accelerate the process of germ cell apoptosis, leading to the decline in sperm counts associated with @entity4 . ROS mediated female fertility disorders share many pathogenic similarities with the ones on the male side. These similarities include a potential role in the pathophysiology of @entity2 and @entity3 . High follicular fluid ROS levels are associated with negative IVF outcomes, particularly in smokers. Moreover, oxidative stress may be responsible in hydrosalpingeal fluid mediated embryotoxicity as well as poor in vitro embryonic development. CONCLUSION(S): High levels of ROS are detrimental to the fertility potential both in natural and assisted conception states.

title: Role of reactive XXXX species in the pathophysiology of @entity0 reproduction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the role of reactive @entity1 species (ROS) in the pathophysiology of @entity0 reproduction. DESIGN: Review of literature. SETTING: Fertility research center and obstetrics and gynecology department in a tertiary care facility. RESULT(S): ROS plays an essential role in the pathogenesis of many reproductive processes. In @entity4 . oxidative stress attacks the fluidity of the sperm plasma membrane and the integrity of DNA in the sperm nucleus. Reactive @entity1 species induced DNA damage may accelerate the process of germ cell apoptosis, leading to the decline in sperm counts associated with @entity4 . ROS mediated female fertility disorders share many pathogenic similarities with the ones on the male side. These similarities include a potential role in the pathophysiology of @entity2 and @entity3 . High follicular fluid ROS levels are associated with negative IVF outcomes, particularly in smokers. Moreover, oxidative stress may be responsible in hydrosalpingeal fluid mediated embryotoxicity as well as poor in vitro embryonic development. CONCLUSION(S): High levels of ROS are detrimental to the fertility potential both in natural and assisted conception states.

title: Role of reactive @entity1 species in the pathophysiology of XXXX reproduction.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Objectives. The study was aimed to assess the association between low maternal serum @entity1 levels and @entity2 . Methods. It is a cross-sectional case-control study in which eligible @entity0 were pregnant @entity0 admitted in labour within the labour ward complex of a Lagos tertiary hospital. Relevant data were extracted from the case records of these @entity0 and blood samples were obtained from all participants and serum @entity1 levels measured. Results. The study showed that 36% of the study @entity0 had varying degrees of hypomagnesaemia. The relative risk indicates that @entity2 is 1.83 times higher among the @entity0 with low serum @entity1 (less than 1.6   mg/dL). The mean difference in serum @entity1 levels in both groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion. We can infer that low serum @entity1 (hypomagnesaemia) is associated with preterm onset of labour. We can, also from this finding, formulate a proposition that would help in preventing @entity2 and birth with the use of prophylactic oral @entity1 supplementation among @entity0 with higher risk for development of @entity2 .

title: A Study on the Association between Low Maternal Serum @entity1 Level and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Objectives. The study was aimed to assess the association between low maternal serum @entity1 levels and @entity2 . Methods. It is a cross-sectional case-control study in which eligible @entity0 were pregnant @entity0 admitted in labour within the labour ward complex of a Lagos tertiary hospital. Relevant data were extracted from the case records of these @entity0 and blood samples were obtained from all participants and serum @entity1 levels measured. Results. The study showed that 36% of the study @entity0 had varying degrees of hypomagnesaemia. The relative risk indicates that @entity2 is 1.83 times higher among the @entity0 with low serum @entity1 (less than 1.6   mg/dL). The mean difference in serum @entity1 levels in both groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion. We can infer that low serum @entity1 (hypomagnesaemia) is associated with preterm onset of labour. We can, also from this finding, formulate a proposition that would help in preventing @entity2 and birth with the use of prophylactic oral @entity1 supplementation among @entity0 with higher risk for development of @entity2 .

title: A Study on the Association between Low Maternal Serum XXXX Level and @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 is the most common cause of fatal @entity4 , @entity7 , and @entity5 . The prevention and treatment of this @entity2 have become a top priority for the medical-scientific community. The present polysaccharide-based vaccine used to immunize susceptible hosts is only approximately 60% effective and is ineffective in @entity0 younger than 2 years of age. The new conjugate vaccine, based on the engineered diphtheria toxin coupled to polysaccharide antigens. is approved only for use in @entity0 under 2 years of age to treat invasive disease. While @entity1 is the drug of choice to treat @entity2 secondary to @entity9 , increasing numbers of bacterial strains are resistant to @entity1 as well as to broad spectrum antibiotics such as @entity8 . Thus, there is a need to identify new strategies to prevent and treat diseases caused by to @entity9 . In this article, we summarize the utilization of the recently available @entity9 genomic information in order to identify and characterize novel proteins likely located on the surface of this Gram-positive pathogenic bacterium. Because only a limited number of surface proteins of @entity9 have been characterized to date, this information provides new insights into the pathogenesis of this organism as well as highlights possible avenues for its treatment and/or prevention in the future. The review is divided into two sections. First, we brietly summarize current information about known surface-exposed proteins of @entity9 . This is followed by the illustration of procedures for the identification of new putative surface-exposed proteins. These have signal peptides required for their extra-cytoplasmic transport and/or additional signature sequences. Some of these will be @entity9 virulence factors. The signature sequences we have chosen are those leading to protein binding to @entity6 present on the bacterial surface, attachment to peptidoglycan of the cell wall, or anchoring to lipids of the cytoplasmic membrane. All these signatures are indicative of binding of proteins to the surface of this organism. Secondly, we illustrate the application of bioinformatics and modeling tools to these selected proteins in order to provide information about their likely functions and preliminary three-dimensional structure models. The focal point of the analysis of these proteins, their sequences, and structures is the evaluation of their antigenic properties and possible roles in pathogenicity. The information obtained from the genome analysis will be instrumental in the development of a more effective prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents to prevent and to treat @entity2 due to @entity9 .

title: Analysis of structure and function of putative surface-exposed proteins encoded in the XXXX genome: a bioinformatics-based approach to vaccine and drug design.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnosis and treatment of the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) after @entity2 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 12 @entity0 suffered from @entity4 after @entity2 . The clinical features of these @entity0 were similar to those of common @entity3 . Most of the @entity3 were detected by routine examinations. Supplement of salt as the initial treatment was used in these @entity0 . If natremia did not rise or descended 2-3 days after treatment, @entity4 was considered or diagnosed. Treatment scheme should be adjusted to limit water and natrium instead of supplying salt. @entity1 and albumin were the first choice for dehydration therapy. RESULTS: 24-48 hours after limiting water and natrium, 12 @entity0 's natremia level was back to normal. Eight out of 12 @entity0 were corrected completely in 1 week, 1 in 14 days, and 1 in 3 months after injury. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of @entity4 is difficult before treatment though effective treatment can be obtained if we adopt correct strategy. In these @entity0 , the diagnosis of @entity4 is confirmed in the course of treatment.

title: Clinical analysis of the XXXX after @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the diagnosis and treatment of the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) after @entity2 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 12 @entity0 suffered from @entity4 after @entity2 . The clinical features of these @entity0 were similar to those of common @entity3 . Most of the @entity3 were detected by routine examinations. Supplement of salt as the initial treatment was used in these @entity0 . If natremia did not rise or descended 2-3 days after treatment, @entity4 was considered or diagnosed. Treatment scheme should be adjusted to limit water and natrium instead of supplying salt. @entity1 and albumin were the first choice for dehydration therapy. RESULTS: 24-48 hours after limiting water and natrium, 12 @entity0 's natremia level was back to normal. Eight out of 12 @entity0 were corrected completely in 1 week, 1 in 14 days, and 1 in 3 months after injury. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of @entity4 is difficult before treatment though effective treatment can be obtained if we adopt correct strategy. In these @entity0 , the diagnosis of @entity4 is confirmed in the course of treatment.

title: Clinical analysis of the @entity4 after XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: This report analyses an experience with 42 liver resections for metastatic @entity2 . METHODS: Forty-two @entity0 underwent curative resection for liver metastasis from @entity2 between January 2004 and December 2007, with a follow up period that ranged from 3 to 66 months. In this retrospective study, early postoperative 30 day mortality and morbidity in addition to the effects of @entity1 , type of resection, number and size of the @entity1 , synchronous or metachronous metastases, resection margin, sex, age and chemotherapy protocol on three year survival were analyzed retrospectively. Univariate analyses of survival were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis was evaluated using Cox regression method. The value of P<0.05 was accepted as significant. RESULTS: Early postoperative morbidity and mortality rates were 7.14% and 0%, respectively. Fourteen @entity0 died during the follow-up period of 3 to 66 months (mean, 40.40  12.87). Median survival was 56 months and three year survival rate was 71.30%. Recurrence occurred in 11 @entity0 (26.00%) after liver resection and additional surgery was performed for two of them. At univariate analysis, the number of @entity1 (<4), @entity1 size (<4 cm), type of resection and negative resection margins were significantly correlated with three year survival. Sex, age, @entity1 , synchronous or metachronous metastasis, recurrence and chemotherapy protocol were not predictive of long-term prognosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that @entity1 size>4 cm and presence of more than four @entity1 before surgery were associated with a 5.89 and 2.18-fold increased risk of @entity3 , respectively. CONCLUSION: Curative resection is one of the most important treatment options that can demonstrate long-term survival for @entity0 .

title: Surgical treatment of liver metastases from XXXX : experience of a single institution.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: @entity2 is placing an increasing burden on society. This has led to calls for echocardiographic-based programmes to screen for @entity3 and other @entity0 . Echocardiography using new fully portable echocardiography devices would allow community-based cost-effective screening programmes once validated. This study was undertaken to evaluate this further in both high and low-risk subjects. METHODS AND RESULTS: 562 consecutive subjects attending a community-based @entity2 screening programme, some at high-risk and some at low-risk of @entity0 , underwent echocardiography by both portable and traditional echocardiography machines. An 'eyeball' estimate of left ventricular ejection fraction was made on the portable device and compared to a quantitative measure of ejection fraction on the traditional machine. Qualitative measures of @entity1 and quantitative measures of @entity4 were also compared. An estimate of ejection fraction was possible in 97% of cases using portable echocardiography. It gave a sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value in diagnosing @entity3 of 96%, 98% and 99.6%, respectively. Inter-observer variability gave a mean difference in ejection fraction of 2%, and 95% limits of agreement of -8% to +12%. All cases of moderate or severe @entity1 and 29 of 31 cases of significant @entity4 were correctly identified as abnormal on the portable device. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, echocardiography performed by experienced sonographers using these new fully portable devices is an accurate and reproducible technique for detecting @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity1 in both high-risk and low-risk members of the community. Its very high negative predictive values would allow their use in future community-based screening programmes.

title: Portable echocardiography: an innovative tool in screening for XXXX in the community.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have previously shown that @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 have both visceral and cutaneous @entity2 . The neural mechanisms of these forms of @entity2 were further characterized by comparing cortical processing of both @entity3 (35, 55mmHg) and cutaneous heat nociceptive stimuli (foot immersion in 45 and 47 degrees C water bath) in @entity1 @entity0 and in a group of healthy age/sex-matched controls. Our approach relied on functional magnetic resonance imaging neuroimaging analyses in which brain activation in age/sex-matched control subjects was subtracted from that found in @entity1 @entity0 . These analyses revealed that both @entity3 and cutaneous heat stimuli evoked greater neural activity in several brain regions of @entity1 @entity0 in comparison to age/sex-matched control subjects. These include those related to early stages of somatosensory processing (e.g. thalamus, somatosensory cortex) as well as those more related to cognitive and affective processing (insular, anterior cingulate, posterior cingulate, prefrontal cortex). Thus, our results support the hypothesis that @entity2 of @entity1 is manifested by increased somatosensory processing at all cortical levels. This was found to be the case not only for @entity2 but also for cutaneous @entity2 , a likely form of secondary @entity2 . Furthermore, visceral and @entity2 were accompanied by increased neural activity within the same brain structures. These results support the hypothesis that visceral and cutaneous @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 is related to increased afferent processing in pathways ascending to the brain rather than to selectively increased activity at higher cortical levels (e.g. limbic and frontal cortical areas).

title: Central representation of visceral and cutaneous hypersensitivity in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 is a very important regulator in a wide range of biological processes, including inflammatory reactions. To investigate the role of @entity0 in microglia, we examined the effect of @entity12 ( @entity11 ) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cytokine expression and signaling pathways in murine BV2 microglial cells. @entity11 strongly suppressed LPS-induced @entity1 expression, without affecting NO, @entity2 or @entity8 expression. In contrast, LPS-induced @entity4 or @entity3 expressions were dramatically increased by @entity11 . We further examined the effect of elevated @entity0 on signaling molecules such as MAP kinases ( @entity5 MAPK, @entity9 and @entity10 ), NF-kappaB and @entity6 , which are involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses. @entity11 decreased the LPS-induced phosphorylation of @entity5 MAPK, while it modestly enhanced the @entity9 activity. @entity10 phosphorylation was slightly reduced by @entity11 only at the later time point. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that the elevated @entity0 potentiated AP-1 binding activity by enhancing @entity6 binding. On the other hand, @entity11 repressed NF-kappaB-mediated transcription without affecting NF-kappaB binding. Treatment with @entity13 , a selective inhibitor of protein kinase A, completely reversed @entity0 -induced @entity3 and @entity4 upregulation but only partially reversed the @entity0 -induced repression of @entity1 . Thus, the effect of @entity11 in BV2 cells appears to be mediated through both protein kinase A-dependent and -independent pathways. Taken together, our results demonstrate that @entity0 modulates microglia activation in a diverse and complex manner.

title: Selective modulation of lipopolysaccharide-stimulated cytokine expression and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways by XXXX in BV2 microglial cells.

answer: @entity12


abstract: Yellow birch seedlings (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.) that had lost more than 90% of their stem hydraulic conductivity during ambient winter temperatures were exposed to 0 and 20 days of a simulated winter thaw followed by a 48-h freezing treatment at 0, -5, -10, -20 and -30 degrees C. After measuring @entity0 to shoots and roots, the seedlings were placed in a greenhouse where recovery of xylem conductivity and new growth were measured. Shoot xylem cavitation was measured as percent loss of hydraulic conductivity. @entity0 was assessed by electrolyte leakage (EL) and root @entity0 was assessed by EL and @entity2 reduction. Seedlings pretreated with thaw had higher stem water contents and suffered more freezing damage to roots and shoots (at -20 and -30 degrees C, respectively) than unthawed seedlings. After 3 weeks in a greenhouse, seedlings from the 0, -5 and -10 degrees C freezing treatments showed complete recovery of xylem conductivity, with substantially increased stem water contents. Poor recovery of hydraulic conductivity was observed only in seedlings that were subjected to freezing treatments at -20 and -30 degrees C, regardless of thaw treatment. Of these embolized seedlings, however, only those not previously thawed showed recovery of hydraulic conductivity or regained stem water content after 9 weeks in the greenhouse. Shoot dieback, bud burst and length of new shoots were significantly related to the extent of stem xylem cavitation and @entity0 . We conclude that (1) the simulated winter thaw predisposed yellow birch seedlings to freezing damage in shoots and roots by dehardening tissues and increasing their water content; (2) root freezing damage in turn affected the seedlings' ability to refill embolized stem xylem, resulting in considerable residual xylem @entity1 after spring refilling; (3) further recovery of stem xylem conductivity was attributable to growth of new vessels; (4) and the permanent @entity1 , together with root and shoot @entity0 , caused increased dieback, bud mortality and reduced growth of new shoots.

title: Effects of simulated thaw on xylem cavitation, XXXX , spring dieback and shoot growth in yellow birch.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 29-year-old @entity0 had an episode of @entity2 at the age of 17 while exercising after eating fried cuttlefish. For years thereafter, she experienced several episodes of @entity2 after eating seafood. At the age of 29, she ate grilled seafood, including cuttlefish for supper after taking @entity9 for lumbago. One hour later, she developed generalized @entity2 accompanied by @entity4 , @entity5 , swelling of the lips, and @entity7 while walking; she was taken to a hospital. She was then referred to us for further examination of the etiology of her anaphylactic reactions. The level of specific IgE measured using Immuno CAP was negative for all kinds of foods, including cuttlefish. However, a skin prick test was positive for raw and cooked cuttlefish. Provocation tests were performed on admission by combining the intake of cuttlefish and @entity3 under the suspicion of cuttlefish @entity6 enhanced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and exercise. As a result, she developed no symptoms except for slight itching of the oral mucosa after eating 20 g or 100 g of cuttlefish with or without concomitant administration of 0.5 g of @entity3 . Finally, generalized @entity2 appeared after challenge with cuttlefish and 1.5 g of @entity3 . She was diagnosed with food-dependent exercise-induced @entity8 (FDEIA) caused by cuttlefish. She has not developed @entity2 since she started to avoid eating cuttlefish. Our results indicated that in provocation tests for the diagnosis of FDEIA, @entity1 could not only be induced by food intake but could also be enhanced by @entity3 in a dose-dependent manner.

title: [Case of food-dependent exercise-induced @entity8 diagnosed by the provocation test with cuttlefish after the pretreatment with 1.5 g of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: A 29-year-old @entity0 had an episode of @entity2 at the age of 17 while exercising after eating fried cuttlefish. For years thereafter, she experienced several episodes of @entity2 after eating seafood. At the age of 29, she ate grilled seafood, including cuttlefish for supper after taking @entity9 for lumbago. One hour later, she developed generalized @entity2 accompanied by @entity4 , @entity5 , swelling of the lips, and @entity7 while walking; she was taken to a hospital. She was then referred to us for further examination of the etiology of her anaphylactic reactions. The level of specific IgE measured using Immuno CAP was negative for all kinds of foods, including cuttlefish. However, a skin prick test was positive for raw and cooked cuttlefish. Provocation tests were performed on admission by combining the intake of cuttlefish and @entity3 under the suspicion of cuttlefish @entity6 enhanced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and exercise. As a result, she developed no symptoms except for slight itching of the oral mucosa after eating 20 g or 100 g of cuttlefish with or without concomitant administration of 0.5 g of @entity3 . Finally, generalized @entity2 appeared after challenge with cuttlefish and 1.5 g of @entity3 . She was diagnosed with food-dependent exercise-induced @entity8 (FDEIA) caused by cuttlefish. She has not developed @entity2 since she started to avoid eating cuttlefish. Our results indicated that in provocation tests for the diagnosis of FDEIA, @entity1 could not only be induced by food intake but could also be enhanced by @entity3 in a dose-dependent manner.

title: [Case of food-dependent exercise-induced XXXX diagnosed by the provocation test with cuttlefish after the pretreatment with 1.5 g of @entity3 ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: Serum @entity4 is an important prognostic indicator in @entity0 on the liver transplant waiting-list, being a component of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) score. However, @entity4 is influenced by age, gender and race, and in this role may disadvantage some individuals. The @entity1 ( @entity1 ) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) takes into account these variables and may be a superior measure of renal function. Our aim was to examine whether the @entity1 4-variable, 5-variable and 6-variable eGFRs are superior to serum @entity4 in predicting 3-month waiting-list mortality in @entity0 with @entity5 . This was a retrospective single-centre study of 427 adults listed for first liver transplantation. The median listing @entity1 4-variable, 5-variable and 6-variable eGFR was 69, 71 and 73 ml/min/1.73 m(2) , respectively. The median listing serum @entity4 was 89  m. @entity1 4-variable (P = 0.002), 5-variable (P < 0.001) and 6-variable eGFR (P < 0.001), and serum @entity4 (P < 0.001), were all predictors of mortality on the transplant waiting-list. Of the three @entity1 equations, the 6-variable eGFR was the better prognostic indicator. The substitution of 6-variable eGFR for serum @entity4 did not improve the prognostic accuracy of the @entity5 (P = 0.825) and UK score for @entity0 with End-Stage @entity3 (P = 0.781) scores. In conclusion the @entity1 eGFR is comparable, but not superior to serum @entity4 , in predicting @entity2 within 3 months of listing for liver transplantation.

title: Is estimated glomerular filtration rate superior to serum XXXX in predicting mortality on the waiting list for liver transplantation?

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (MR-DTI) is used increasingly to detect @entity1 ( @entity1 ) after @entity2 ( @entity2 ). PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: The primary objective was to investigate the changes in the diffusion properties of the corpus callosum in the acute phase and 6 months after @entity2 and to examine the correlation between DTI parameters and clinical outcome. RESEARCH DESIGN: Longitudinal prospective study. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: MR-DTI was performed in eight @entity0 with suspected @entity1 within 11 days and at 6 months post-injury. Six controls were also examined. Fractional anisotropy (FA), trace and parallel and perpendicular diffusivity of the corpus callosum were analysed. The main outcome was the extended Glasgow Outcome Scale score, assessed at 6 months. MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: A significant reduction in FA in the corpus callosum was seen in the acute phase in @entity0 compared with the healthy controls. There was no significant change in the parallel or perpendicular eigenvalues or trace. At 6 months, a significant reduction in FA and a significant increase in trace and perpendicular eigenvalues were noticed compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: The diffusion properties of the corpus callosum correlated with clinical outcome in this longitudinal investigation.

title: Longitudinal study of the diffusion tensor imaging properties of the corpus callosum in acute and chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with normal weight @entity1 (NWO) have a normal body mass index (BMI) but elevated body fat percentage (BF%), thereby increasing their risk of @entity2 . The purpose of this research was to determine the prevalence of NWO and its associated factors in a sample of young adults in Trinidad and Tobago (T_T). METHODS: A cross sectional study involving a convenience non-voluntary sample of @entity0 with a normal BMI of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 was conducted. The following information was collected: history, basic anthropometric measurements, including BF% via the Tanita Ironman Body Composition Analyzer (BC554), physical examination and basic blood investigations. @entity0 were divided into two groups; normal BF% (<23.1% males, <33.3% females) and elevated BF% (>= 23.1% males, >= 33.3% females). RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-six students participated, F:M (2.1:1), aged 18-28 years [Mean 21.33 (SD 2.5)], mean BMI 21.66 (SD 1.9). A response rate of 80.3%. The prevalence of NWO for this population was 19.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) 15.1-25.7]. Males 14.4% (95% CI 10.3-19.7) and females 5.5% (95% CI 3.1-9.5). Variables with a statistically significant association with NWO included gender, waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (BP), the ratio of total @entity3 (TC) to high density lipoprotein and in females, the presence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (p<0.05). Binary logistic regression revealed that predictors of NWO were male gender and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS: One in five of this young adult population was found to have NWO. Long-term studies are recommended to study the full implications of these findings.

title: Normal weight XXXX among young adults in Trinidad and Tobago: prevalence and associated factors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Personalized @entity2 treatments depend on the determination of a @entity1 's genetic status according to known genetic profiles for which targeted treatments exist. Such genetic profiles must be scientifically validated before they is applied to general @entity1 population. Reproducibility of findings that support such genetic profiles is a fundamental challenge in validation studies. The percentage of overlapping genes (POG) criterion and derivative methods produce unstable and misleading results. Furthermore, in a complex disease, comparisons between different @entity2 subtypes can produce high POG scores that do not capture the consistencies in the functions. RESULTS: We focused on the quality rather than the quantity of the overlapping genes. We defined the rank value of each gene according to importance or quality by PageRank on basis of a particular topological structure. Then, we used the p-value of the rank-sum of the overlapping genes (PRSOG) to evaluate the quality of reproducibility. Though the POG scores were low in different studies of the same disease, the PRSOG was statistically significant, which suggests that sets of differentially expressed genes might be highly reproducible. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluations of eight datasets from @entity0 and four other disorders indicate that quality-based PRSOG method performs better than a quantity-based method. Our analysis of the components of the sets of overlapping genes supports the utility of the PRSOG method.

title: A network-based method to evaluate quality of reproducibility of differential expression in XXXX genomics studies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Numerous studies have reported the existence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with self-renewal potential and a relevant role in drug resistance. However, pathways and modifications involved in the maintenance of such @entity2 subpopulations are still only partially understood. Sequencing-based approaches offer the opportunity for a detailed study of @entity2 including their transcriptome modulation. Using microarrays and RNA sequencing approaches, we compared the transcriptional profiles of parental MCF7 @entity0 cells with MCF7-derived @entity2 (i.e. MCFS). Data were explored using different bioinformatic approaches, and major findings were experimentally validated. The different analytical pipelines (Lifescope and Cufflinks based) yielded similar although not identical results. RNA sequencing data partially overlapped microarray results and displayed a higher dynamic range, although overall the two approaches concordantly predicted pathway modifications. Several biological functions were altered in @entity2 , ranging from production of inflammatory cytokines (i.e., @entity4 and @entity6 ) to proliferation and response to @entity3 hormones. More than 300 non-coding RNAs were defined as differentially expressed, and 2,471 potential splicing events were identified. A consensus signature of genes up-regulated in @entity2 was derived and was found to be significantly associated with insensitivity to @entity5 in a @entity0 @entity1 dataset. Overall, we obtained a detailed portrait of the transcriptome of a @entity0 @entity2 line, highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs and differential splicing, and identified a gene signature with a potential as a context-specific biomarker in @entity1 receiving endocrine treatment.

title: In-depth characterization of XXXX -promoting cell transcriptome by RNA sequencing and microarrays.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early detection and treatment of @entity1 cases are the hallmark of successful @entity1 control. We conducted a cross-sectional study at public primary health facilities in Kampala city, Uganda to quantify diagnostic delay among @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity0 , assess associated factors, and describe trajectories of @entity0 ' health care seeking. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Semi-structured interviews with new smear-positive @entity4 @entity0 (>=  15 years) registered for treatment. Between April 2007 and April 2008, 253 @entity0 were studied. The median total delay was 8 weeks (IQR 4-12), median @entity0 delay was 4 weeks (inter-quartile range [IQR] 1-8) and median health service delay was 4 weeks (IQR 2-8). Long total delay (>14 weeks) was observed for 61/253 (24.1%) of @entity0 , long health service delay (>6 weeks) for 71/242 (29.3%) and long @entity0 delay (>8 weeks) for 47/242 (19.4%). @entity0 who knew that @entity3 was curable were less likely to have long total delay (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 0.28; 95%CI 0.11-0.73) and long @entity0 delay (aOR 0.36; 95%CI 0.13-0.97). Being female (aOR 1.98; 95%CI 1.06-3.71), staying for more than 5 years at current residence (aOR 2.24 95%CI 1.18-4.27) and having been tested for @entity2 before (aOR 3.72; 95%CI 1.42-9.75) was associated with long health service delay. Health service delay contributed 50% of the total delay. Ninety-one percent (231) of @entity0 had visited one or more health care providers before they were diagnosed, for an average (median) of 4 visits (range 1-30). All but four @entity0 had systemic symptoms by the time the diagnosis of @entity3 was made. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Diagnostic delay among @entity1 @entity0 in Kampala is common and long. This reflects @entity0 waiting too long before seeking care and health services waiting until systemic symptoms are present before examining sputum smears; this results in missed opportunities for diagnosis.

title: Long delays and missed opportunities in diagnosing smear-positive XXXX in Kampala, Uganda: a cross-sectional study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to construct and validate a mathematical model, based on clinical and laboratory data, that could be useful in the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) to predict which @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) have an @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHOD: During a period of 12 months, we included all consecutive cases of @entity3 that came to the @entity2 of an urban hospital. These @entity0 made up the primary or model obtaining series. During the 12 following months, we selected a sample of @entity3 @entity0 who made up the secondary series. The mathematical predictive model was built using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: 623 @entity0 made up the primary series and 251 the secondary series. A score equal or higher than 4 indicated the best diagnosis accuracy (63.6%) with positive and negative predictive values of 65.1 and 40.0%, respectively. The discriminative power of the model was significant (p < 0.001) but it displayed little accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: Shock, positive tilt test, increased @entity5 , previous hematemesis, to be an usual @entity1 drinker, presence of sweating, and no previous treatment with antiulcer drugs were independent predictors for @entity4 . The diagnostic accuracy of the model does not not allow its systematic use in clinical practice. However, it may be helpful for the triage of @entity3 in the @entity2 .

title: [Clinical prediction of endoscopic signs in active or recent XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: Endothelial membrane hyperpolarization mediated by @entity7 and @entity8 channels has been demonstrated to initiate @entity4 ( @entity4 )-type vasodilations. Moreover, pharmacological potentiation of @entity7 / @entity8 channels has been suggested to improve @entity4 . Herein, we determined whether the @entity7 / @entity8 activator @entity9 and its derivative SKA-20 improve @entity2 in @entity7 -/- and @entity6 -/- @entity0 . METHODS: Membrane potentials were measured using patch-clamp electrophysiology on carotid artery (CA) endothelial cells (CAEC) from wild-type (wt) and @entity7 -/- @entity0 . Endothelium-dependent vasodilations were determined by pressure myography in CA. RESULTS: @entity9 (1  m) activated @entity7 and @entity8 channels and induced membrane hyperpolarization in CAEC of wt (/\MP -45 mV). These responses were significantly reduced in CAEC of @entity7 -/- (/\MP -8 mV). @entity9 (200 nm, 500 nm) and SKA-20 (300 nm) significantly enhanced @entity4 vasodilations in wt. SKA-20 also improved vasodilations during NO synthesis. In @entity7 -/-, the @entity1 were unchanged at 200 nm @entity9 , but were significantly improved at 500 nm. @entity4 vasodilations were slightly enhanced at 300 nm SKA-20, but vasodilations during NO synthesis were unchanged. @entity9 (500 nm) enhanced the impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation in @entity6 -/- @entity0 twofold. Pharmacological inhibition of the soluble @entity5 hydrolase by t-AUCB (1  m) in contrast did not increase @entity3 -induced @entity4 - or NO-mediated vasodilations in wt and @entity7 -/-. CONCLUSION: Normal and defective endothelium-dependent vasodilations in @entity0 carotid arteries can be improved by pharmacological enhancement of @entity7 / @entity8 functions. These findings further support the concept that pharmacological activation of endothelial @entity8 / @entity7 could offer a novel endothelium-specific antihypertensive strategy.

title: Improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilations by XXXX and SKA-20, activators of small- and intermediate-conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ -channels.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Rapid diagnostic identification of the @entity0 H5 influenza virus is a strategic cornerstone for outbreak prevention. We recently reported a method for direct detection of viral RNA from a highly pathogenic @entity0 H5 influenza strain (A/Hanoi/30408/2005(H5N1)), which necessarily was transcribed in vitro from non-viral sources. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the reaction conditions for in vitro transcription (IVT) of full-length influenza H5 RNA, which is needed for diagnostic RNA production, for the T7 and @entity2 phage promoter systems. Gel analysis of RNA transcribed from plasmids containing the H5 sequence between a 5' @entity2 promoter and 3' restriction site (BsmBI) showed that three sequence-verified bands at 1,776, 784, and 591 bases were consistently produced, whereas only one 1,776-base band was expected. These fragments were not observed in H1 or H3 influenza RNA transcribed under similar conditions. A reverse complement of the sequence produced only a single band at 1,776 bases, which suggested either self-cleavage or early termination. Aliquots of the IVT reaction were quenched with EDTA to track the generation of the bands over time, which maintained a constant concentration ratio. The H5 sequence was cloned with T7 and @entity2 RNA polymerase promoters to allow transcription in either direction with either polymerase. The T7 transcription product from purified, restricted plasmids in the @entity3 direction only produced the 1,776-base full-length sequence and the 784-base fragment, instead of the three bands generated by the @entity2 system, suggesting an early termination mechanism. Additionally, the T7 system produced a higher fraction of full-length @entity3 transcripts than the @entity2 system did under similar reaction conditions. By sequencing we identified a type II RNA hairpin loop terminator, which forms in a transcription direction-dependent fashion. Variation of the @entity1 concentration produced the greatest impact on termination profiles, where some reaction mixtures were unable to produce full-length transcripts. Optimized conditions are presented for the T7 and @entity2 phage polymerase systems to minimize these early termination events during in vitro transcription of H5 influenza @entity3 .

title: Early in vitro transcription termination in XXXX H5 influenza viral RNA synthesis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Olive ( @entity2 .) is one of the oldest agricultural tree crops worldwide and is an important source of oil with beneficial properties for @entity0 health. This emblematic tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin, which has conserved a very wide germplasm estimated in more than 1,200 cultivars, is a diploid species (2n = 2x = 46) that is present in two forms, namely wild ( @entity3 . sylvestris) and cultivated ( @entity3 . europaea). In spite of its economic and nutritional importance, there are few data about the genetic of olive if compared with other fruit crops. Available molecular data are especially related to the application of molecular markers to the analysis of genetic variability in @entity2 complex and to develop efficient molecular tools for the olive oil origin traceability. With regard to genomic research, in the last years efforts are made for the identification of expressed sequence tag, with particular interest in those sequences expressed during fruit development and in pollen allergens. Very recently the sequencing of chloroplast genome provided new information on the olive @entity1 sequence, opening the olive genomic era. In this article, we provide an overview of the most relevant results in olive molecular studies. A particular attention was given to DNA markers and their application that constitute the most part of published researches. The first important results in genome analysis were reported.

title: Molecular studies in olive ( XXXX .): overview on DNA markers applications and recent advances in genome analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Total intersphincteric resection (total ISR) is a surgical option for @entity0 with @entity1 of the lower rectum. However, @entity2 can develop after total ISR, which stretches from the anus to the lower rectum. Conventional anoplasty for anal stricture is often ineffective for them because the areas of stricture are long and the most proximal points of the strictures are too far for advancement flaps or rotation flaps to reach. We have developed a new surgical treatment method using a gluteal-fold flap (GFF) for anal stricture after total ISR. METHODS: From April 2004 through June 2007, hemilateral GFFs were transferred to treat anorectal strictures after total ISR in three @entity0 at the National @entity1 Center Hospital East, Chiba, Japan. Postoperative results and anal function were evaluated. RESULTS: In all three @entity0 , GFFs were successfully transferred, and good dilation of the @entity3 was achieved. Postoperative anal function was satisfactory. CONCLUSION: The GFF has a rich vascular supply and can be simply and reliably transferred. We believe that GFF transfer is an excellent option for treating anorectal strictures after total ISR.

title: New application of the gluteal-fold flap for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Endometriosis coexisting with a @entity3 is extraordinarily rare, although both these benign conditions are said to be common in @entity0 in the reproductive age group. There are only two previous case reports,which is evident from our literature review from January 1960 through January 2010. Acute abdomen is one of the greatest diagnostic challenges and easily ignored by the clinicians to exclude the possibility of @entity11 . A 35-year-old @entity0 was referred by the doctor in Family clinic. She experienced a three-day period of severe right lower @entity9 and intermittent @entity8 . Ultrasonography identified a bilocular, cystic, hypoechoic, and @entity1 , 7 cm   6 cm   6 cm in the right adnexal region. Laparoscopic cystectomy was performed under the impression of @entity2 with torsion or @entity10 . The frozen section was benign and appendiceal status was adequate. Histopathologic examination described an @entity2 composed of endometrial-type lining with stromacells ( @entity5 ) and benign @entity4 tissue with plenty of skin appendages and sebaceous glands. We report this unusual and interesting ovarian mass to remind physicians that the usage of the Endobag after cystectomy, the benefits on minimizing operative time, spilled opportunity, and @entity7 . Laparoscopic techniques for large ovarian masses might be considered. The experience of the surgeon is also very important to prevent misdiagnosis or complication. Further follow up is mandatory for this simultaneous finding of @entity3 with @entity6 as a separate pathology in single ovary of such a nature. It also presents a challenge to the clinicians and to the pathologists.

title: Endometriosis coexisting with XXXX in a single ovary: a case report.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Circulating monocyte- and neutrophil-platelet aggregates are sensitive markers of in vivo platelet activation. Socioeconomic status is inversely associated with risk of @entity2 . We assessed the impact of @entity4 on @entity3 in @entity0 from higher and lower socioeconomic status groups. METHODS: @entity0 were 37 healthy non-smoking @entity0 aged 30-59 years, divided by occupation into higher and lower social status groups. Blood was drawn at baseline, immediately following stressful behavioural tasks, and at 30 and 75 min post-stress, and aggregates were analysed using flow cytometry. Cardiovascular and subjective stress responses were also monitored. RESULTS: There were significant increases following stress in monocyte-, neutrophil-, lymphocyte- and total @entity3 (all P<0.05). The largest responses were in monocyte-platelet (21% increase) and neutrophil-platelet (16.7% increase) aggregates. Lower socioeconomic status @entity0 had greater numbers of @entity3 throughout, but the magnitude of stress responses did not vary with social status. The increase in monocyte- and @entity3 was associated with systolic blood pressure stress responsivity. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological stress induces platelet activation as indexed by @entity3 , and correlations with cardiovascular stress reactions suggest that sympathoadrenal responses may be responsible. Platelet activation may be a mechanism through which social position influences @entity1 risk.

title: The influence of XXXX and socioeconomic status on platelet activation in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Circulating monocyte- and neutrophil-platelet aggregates are sensitive markers of in vivo platelet activation. Socioeconomic status is inversely associated with risk of @entity2 . We assessed the impact of @entity4 on @entity3 in @entity0 from higher and lower socioeconomic status groups. METHODS: @entity0 were 37 healthy non-smoking @entity0 aged 30-59 years, divided by occupation into higher and lower social status groups. Blood was drawn at baseline, immediately following stressful behavioural tasks, and at 30 and 75 min post-stress, and aggregates were analysed using flow cytometry. Cardiovascular and subjective stress responses were also monitored. RESULTS: There were significant increases following stress in monocyte-, neutrophil-, lymphocyte- and total @entity3 (all P<0.05). The largest responses were in monocyte-platelet (21% increase) and neutrophil-platelet (16.7% increase) aggregates. Lower socioeconomic status @entity0 had greater numbers of @entity3 throughout, but the magnitude of stress responses did not vary with social status. The increase in monocyte- and @entity3 was associated with systolic blood pressure stress responsivity. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological stress induces platelet activation as indexed by @entity3 , and correlations with cardiovascular stress reactions suggest that sympathoadrenal responses may be responsible. Platelet activation may be a mechanism through which social position influences @entity1 risk.

title: The influence of @entity4 and socioeconomic status on platelet activation in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epiphora secondary to acquired @entity6 is a common ophthalmic problem in adults requiring surgical management. External dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is a reliable but difficult surgical technique for the treatment of @entity6 . PURPOSE: To evaluate the success rate and complications of modified external DCR in @entity0 with primary acquired @entity6 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This hospital based prospective interventional study included 56 @entity0 with primary acquired @entity6 . Diagnosis of @entity6 was made through irrigation of the nasolacrimal drainage system. All @entity0 were operated by modified technique of external DCR with @entity2 of the anterior lacrimal and nasal mucosal flaps only, whereas @entity1 were excised. @entity0 were followed up for a period of 6 months. During the follow up, success rate and complications if any were recorded. Success was defined objectively by a patent lacrimal passage on irrigation and subjectively by the absence of watering or discharge. RESULTS: The mean age of the study population was 39.23    10.66 years, and 78.6% of @entity0 were females (male to female ratio 1:3.7). The average operation time was 36.48    4.72 minutes. Objective and subjective success rates were 92.9% and 89.3%, respectively after a follow up period of 6 months. Intraoperatively, @entity4 occurred in 3 @entity0 (5.3%) and laceration of the nasal mucosa in 4 @entity0 (7.1%). @entity3 included significant lid swelling and periorbital ecchymosis in 3 @entity0 (5.3%), @entity5 in 2 @entity0 (3.6%) and @entity7 in 2 @entity0 (3.6%). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that modified external DCR with anterior flaps @entity2 only is a simple, safe, less time consuming surgical technique that is easy to perform, and the outcome is comparable to conventional DCR.

title: Modified External Dacryocystorhinostomy in Primary Acquired XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with advanced @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have demonstrable supportive and palliative care needs. Effective service configuration and delivery should be informed by the views of those with personal experience and knowledge and should be based on available evidence. This systematic literature review aimed to collate qualitative and quantitative evidence on: 1) @entity0 ' perceived needs and experiences of care provision; and 2) the perspectives and understanding of health professionals on care delivery. METHODS AND RESULTS: A systematic literature search using Medline, Embase, Cinahl, Psycinfo, and Amed identified 48 relevant studies. Data extraction and quality evaluation for included studies were conducted by 2 independent reviewers. Findings were grouped according to themes generated from the qualitative studies. Key findings were that advanced @entity1 @entity0 report little discussion with health professionals about their clinical status and sense a lack of timely support to accommodate their evolving needs. Health professionals report poor multidisciplinary communication and lack confidence both in diagnosing advanced @entity1 and in communicating a poor prognosis to those affected, affecting the provision of good-quality coordinated care. CONCLUSIONS: This review demonstrates the need for improvement in coordination of care and communication between @entity0 , their families, and health care professionals. However, although there is broad  agreement between the disciplines of cardiology and palliative care regarding the provision of therapies to reduce symptoms, improve function, and enhance quality of life, differences in views may arise, particularly regarding the maintenance of life-prolonging treatment as goals of care change.

title: Palliative care in advanced XXXX : an international review of the perspectives of recipients and health professionals on care provision.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the effectiveness and @entity2 of reirradiation (re- @entity3 ) for @entity1 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective data analysis was performed of 58 @entity0 who underwent re- @entity3 with curative intent. Re- @entity3 was given as definitive treatment in 53% of @entity0 , whereas salvage surgery preceded reirradiation in 47%. The median cumulative @entity3 dose was 119 Gy (range, 76-140). Concurrent chemotherapy was administered with re- @entity3 (CRT) in 57% of @entity0 . Event-free survival was defined as survival without recurrence and without serious @entity2 (>= Grade 3). RESULTS: Median follow-up was 57 months (range, 9-140). Locoregional (LR) control was 50% at 2 and 5 years. The 2-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 42% and 34%. The following factors were associated with improved OS: postoperative re- @entity3 (vs. primary re- @entity3 ), treatment with @entity3 only (vs. CRT) and interval >3 years between previous @entity3 and re- @entity3 . For @entity0 treated with postoperative re- @entity3 and definitive re- @entity3 , the 5-year OS was 49% and 20%, respectively. @entity0 treated with CRT had a 5-year OS of 13%. Serious (late) @entity2 >= Grade 3 was observed in 20 of 47 evaluable @entity0 (43%). Three cases of treatment-related @entity4 were recorded. The 2- and 5-year serious @entity2 -free interval was 59% and 55%, respectively. Associated with increased risk of serious @entity2 were CRT and higher re- @entity3 dose. The event-free survival rates at 2 and 5 years were 34% and 31%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Re- @entity3 in @entity1 is associated with poor survival rates of 13-20% in @entity0 with inoperable disease treated with primary (chemo-) re- @entity3 . For this subgroup, however, no other curative options are available. Long-term disease control and survival can be achieved in @entity0 who receive re- @entity3 as an adjunct to surgical resection. The rates of serious @entity2 after re- @entity3 are high, with an incidence of approximately 45% at 5 years. Approximately 1 in 3 @entity0 survived re- @entity3 without recurrence and severe complications.

title: Reirradiation for @entity1 : delicate balance between effectiveness and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the effectiveness and @entity2 of reirradiation (re- @entity3 ) for @entity1 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: A retrospective data analysis was performed of 58 @entity0 who underwent re- @entity3 with curative intent. Re- @entity3 was given as definitive treatment in 53% of @entity0 , whereas salvage surgery preceded reirradiation in 47%. The median cumulative @entity3 dose was 119 Gy (range, 76-140). Concurrent chemotherapy was administered with re- @entity3 (CRT) in 57% of @entity0 . Event-free survival was defined as survival without recurrence and without serious @entity2 (>= Grade 3). RESULTS: Median follow-up was 57 months (range, 9-140). Locoregional (LR) control was 50% at 2 and 5 years. The 2-year and 5-year overall survival (OS) was 42% and 34%. The following factors were associated with improved OS: postoperative re- @entity3 (vs. primary re- @entity3 ), treatment with @entity3 only (vs. CRT) and interval >3 years between previous @entity3 and re- @entity3 . For @entity0 treated with postoperative re- @entity3 and definitive re- @entity3 , the 5-year OS was 49% and 20%, respectively. @entity0 treated with CRT had a 5-year OS of 13%. Serious (late) @entity2 >= Grade 3 was observed in 20 of 47 evaluable @entity0 (43%). Three cases of treatment-related @entity4 were recorded. The 2- and 5-year serious @entity2 -free interval was 59% and 55%, respectively. Associated with increased risk of serious @entity2 were CRT and higher re- @entity3 dose. The event-free survival rates at 2 and 5 years were 34% and 31%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Re- @entity3 in @entity1 is associated with poor survival rates of 13-20% in @entity0 with inoperable disease treated with primary (chemo-) re- @entity3 . For this subgroup, however, no other curative options are available. Long-term disease control and survival can be achieved in @entity0 who receive re- @entity3 as an adjunct to surgical resection. The rates of serious @entity2 after re- @entity3 are high, with an incidence of approximately 45% at 5 years. Approximately 1 in 3 @entity0 survived re- @entity3 without recurrence and severe complications.

title: Reirradiation for XXXX : delicate balance between effectiveness and @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare inter- and intraobserver agreement at thoracic aortic angiography with that at intravascular ultrasonography (US) in the work-up of @entity0 suspected of having @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three blinded readers performed a retrospective review of 95 thoracic aortic angiograms and 23 intravascular US images obtained in @entity0 suspected of having traumatic @entity1 . Inter- and intraobserver agreement in the interpretation of the thoracic aortic angiograms and intravascular US images were determined by using Cohen kappa statistics. In addition, differences among demographic groups were evaluated by using bivariate analysis. RESULTS: Interobserver agreement was lowest in the interpretation of indeterminate angiograms (kappa = 0.55) and highest in the interpretation of determinate angiograms (kappa = 0.71). In contrast, interobserver agreement in the interpretation of intravascular US images was excellent. For all groups, intraobserver agreement in the interpretation of aortic angiograms was substantial and overall agreement was good (kappa = 0.88). Intraobserver agreement in the interpretation of intravascular US images was excellent (kappa = 1.00). Differences among demographic groups were not found to be significant. CONCLUSION: Intravascular US is an adjunct to aortic angiography and yields excellent overall inter- and intraobserver agreement. Subgroups of @entity0 who are suspected of having @entity1 and have indeterminate angiograms may benefit from undergoing intravascular US.

title: Assessment of inter- and intraobserver agreement between intravascular US and aortic angiography of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are chronic inflammatory illnesses marked by unpredictable disease flares, which occur spontaneously and/or in response to external triggers, especially personal health behaviors. Behavioral triggers of flare may be responsive to disease self-management programs. We report on interim findings of a randomized controlled trial of gut-directed hypnotherapy (HYP, n = 19) versus active attention control (CON, n = 17) for quiescent @entity2 ( @entity2 ). To date, 43 @entity0 have enrolled; after 5 discontinuations (1 in HYP) and 2 exclusions due to excessive missing data, 36 were included in this preliminary analysis. @entity4 was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of HYP in @entity2 . This was achieved, demonstrated by a reasonable recruitment rate at our outpatient tertiary care clinic (20%), high retention rate (88% total), and our representative @entity1 sample, which is reflected by an equal distribution of gender, an age range between 21 and 69, recruitment of ethnic minorities (   20%), and disease duration ranging from 1.5 to 35 years. @entity3 was to estimate effect sizes on key clinical outcomes for use in future trials. Effect sizes (group * time at 20 weeks) were small to medium for @entity1 self-efficacy (.34), Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) total score (.41), IBDQ bowel (.50), and systemic health (.48). Between-group effects were observed for the IBDQ bowel health subscale (HYP > CON; p = .05) at 20 weeks and the Short Form 12 Health Survey Version 2 (SF-12v2) physical component (HYP > CON; p < .05) at posttreatment and 20 weeks. This study supports future clinical trials testing gut-directed HYP as a relapse prevention tool for @entity1 .

title: The potential role of a self-management intervention for @entity2 : a brief report from the XXXX hypnotherapy trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are chronic inflammatory illnesses marked by unpredictable disease flares, which occur spontaneously and/or in response to external triggers, especially personal health behaviors. Behavioral triggers of flare may be responsive to disease self-management programs. We report on interim findings of a randomized controlled trial of gut-directed hypnotherapy (HYP, n = 19) versus active attention control (CON, n = 17) for quiescent @entity2 ( @entity2 ). To date, 43 @entity0 have enrolled; after 5 discontinuations (1 in HYP) and 2 exclusions due to excessive missing data, 36 were included in this preliminary analysis. @entity4 was to determine the feasibility and acceptability of HYP in @entity2 . This was achieved, demonstrated by a reasonable recruitment rate at our outpatient tertiary care clinic (20%), high retention rate (88% total), and our representative @entity1 sample, which is reflected by an equal distribution of gender, an age range between 21 and 69, recruitment of ethnic minorities (   20%), and disease duration ranging from 1.5 to 35 years. @entity3 was to estimate effect sizes on key clinical outcomes for use in future trials. Effect sizes (group * time at 20 weeks) were small to medium for @entity1 self-efficacy (.34), Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) total score (.41), IBDQ bowel (.50), and systemic health (.48). Between-group effects were observed for the IBDQ bowel health subscale (HYP > CON; p = .05) at 20 weeks and the Short Form 12 Health Survey Version 2 (SF-12v2) physical component (HYP > CON; p < .05) at posttreatment and 20 weeks. This study supports future clinical trials testing gut-directed HYP as a relapse prevention tool for @entity1 .

title: The potential role of a self-management intervention for XXXX : a brief report from the @entity2 hypnotherapy trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of @entity2 but conservative laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of severe @entity1 involving the rectum. DESIGN: Retrospective study (Canadian Task Force classification III). SETTING: Endosurgery unit of a tertiary referral center. @entity0 : One hundred sixty-nine @entity0 . INTERVENTION: Laparoscopy or laparotomy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The procedure was completed successfully laparoscopically in 145 (86%) and by laparotomy in 24 @entity0 (14%). The rate of preoperative symptoms was higher in 25 @entity0 who underwent bowel resection compared with those who had other bowel surgery. In addition to bowel surgery, excision of uterosacral ligaments, adhesiolysis, excision of @entity1 , and oophorectomy were the four most commonly performed procedures. At 35-month follow-up 61 @entity0 (36%) required further surgery for @entity3 . The average time between primary and repeat surgery was 16 months. This second operation was performed by laparoscopy in over three-fourths of the @entity0 . Overall recurrent @entity1 was found in 26 @entity0 (15%). Overall morbidity associated with all surgery was 12.4%. CONCLUSION: Surgery for @entity1 and bowel involves some of the most difficult dissections encountered, but it can be accomplished successfully with the low postoperative morbidity typical of laparoscopy.

title: Rectal surgery for XXXX --should we be @entity2 ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcome of @entity2 but conservative laparoscopic surgery in the treatment of severe @entity1 involving the rectum. DESIGN: Retrospective study (Canadian Task Force classification III). SETTING: Endosurgery unit of a tertiary referral center. @entity0 : One hundred sixty-nine @entity0 . INTERVENTION: Laparoscopy or laparotomy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The procedure was completed successfully laparoscopically in 145 (86%) and by laparotomy in 24 @entity0 (14%). The rate of preoperative symptoms was higher in 25 @entity0 who underwent bowel resection compared with those who had other bowel surgery. In addition to bowel surgery, excision of uterosacral ligaments, adhesiolysis, excision of @entity1 , and oophorectomy were the four most commonly performed procedures. At 35-month follow-up 61 @entity0 (36%) required further surgery for @entity3 . The average time between primary and repeat surgery was 16 months. This second operation was performed by laparoscopy in over three-fourths of the @entity0 . Overall recurrent @entity1 was found in 26 @entity0 (15%). Overall morbidity associated with all surgery was 12.4%. CONCLUSION: Surgery for @entity1 and bowel involves some of the most difficult dissections encountered, but it can be accomplished successfully with the low postoperative morbidity typical of laparoscopy.

title: Rectal surgery for @entity1 --should we be XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the capacity of chemical dissection of tissues using a mucolytic substance, Mesna, in improving laparoscopic excision of @entity2 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial (Canadian Task Force classification I). SETTING: University-affiliated training hospital. @entity0 : Forty-four @entity0 with symptomatic @entity1 . Intervention. Laparoscopic excision of @entity2 in 22 @entity0 with the aid of Mesna solution and in 22 with the aid of saline solution. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: In comparison with saline solution, Mesna as a chemical dissector resulted in significant reductions in operating time, in difficulty encountered by the surgeon to enucleate the cysts, and in less @entity4 . No differences were found in length of hospital stay, costs of surgeries, analgesic requirement, and @entity3 . Postoperatively, @entity0 treated with Mesna achieved more pregnancies than those treated with saline. CONCLUSION: Chemical dissection of tissues with Mesna proved to be a safe and suitable support in laparoscopic surgery for @entity1 .

title: Chemically assisted dissection of tissues in laparoscopic excision of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 is seen with increasing frequency in older @entity0 . This increase is due to the general aging of the population, improved survival of @entity0 with @entity3 , and the increasing use of catheters and other prosthetic devices with resulting higher incidence of @entity6 . In older @entity0 , @entity6 frequently develops in the absence of underlying structural @entity1 ; @entity7 and @entity5 are two important risk factors in this population. Infective organisms in older @entity0 are frequently enterococci and other gastrointestinal tract bacteria. A marked febrile response is uncommon whereas central nervous system symptoms are more common in older @entity0 . Transesophageal echocardiography can be performed safely and is a major diagnostic tool with sensitivity of more than 90% in detecting vegetations as small as 2-5 mm. Appropriately drawn blood cultures provide bacteriologic diagnosis in 80%-99% of patients. Prolonged antibiotic therapy may be required in many instances depending on the infective organism. Early surgical therapy is advisable for @entity0 who develop @entity4 as a result of severe @entity2 . Valve replacement surgery can be performed with acceptable mortality and morbidity even in very elderly @entity0 .

title: XXXX in the elderly: diagnosis and management.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a central player in the @entity1 response, and raised total @entity5 levels are considered as an indicator of @entity3 or potential development of @entity3 . A recent genome-wide scan in a German population-based cohort of adults identified the gene encoding the alpha chain of the high affinity receptor for @entity5 ( @entity2 ) as a susceptibility locus influencing total serum @entity5 levels. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the polymorphisms in the @entity2 gene are associated with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in a Han Chinese population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A population of 378 @entity0 with @entity4 and 288 healthy controls was studied. Precise phenotyping of @entity0 was accomplished by means of a questionnaire and clinical examination. Blood was drawn for DNA extraction and total serum @entity5 ( @entity5 ) measurement. A total of 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in @entity2 were selected and individually genotyped. None of the SNPs in the @entity2 showed an association with @entity4 . Similarly, the lack of association was also evident in subgroup analysis for the presence of different allergen sensitivities. None of the selected SNPs in @entity2 was associated with total @entity5 level. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity2 presents itself as a good candidate for contributing to total serum @entity5 , this study failed to find an association between SNPs in the @entity2 gene region and @entity5 level or @entity4 susceptibility.

title: SNPs in the XXXX gene region show no association with @entity4 in a Han Chinese population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a central player in the @entity1 response, and raised total @entity5 levels are considered as an indicator of @entity3 or potential development of @entity3 . A recent genome-wide scan in a German population-based cohort of adults identified the gene encoding the alpha chain of the high affinity receptor for @entity5 ( @entity2 ) as a susceptibility locus influencing total serum @entity5 levels. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the polymorphisms in the @entity2 gene are associated with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in a Han Chinese population. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: A population of 378 @entity0 with @entity4 and 288 healthy controls was studied. Precise phenotyping of @entity0 was accomplished by means of a questionnaire and clinical examination. Blood was drawn for DNA extraction and total serum @entity5 ( @entity5 ) measurement. A total of 16 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in @entity2 were selected and individually genotyped. None of the SNPs in the @entity2 showed an association with @entity4 . Similarly, the lack of association was also evident in subgroup analysis for the presence of different allergen sensitivities. None of the selected SNPs in @entity2 was associated with total @entity5 level. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity2 presents itself as a good candidate for contributing to total serum @entity5 , this study failed to find an association between SNPs in the @entity2 gene region and @entity5 level or @entity4 susceptibility.

title: SNPs in the @entity2 gene region show no association with XXXX in a Han Chinese population.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The binding component (C2II) of the binary @entity7 C2 toxin mediates transport of the actin @entity3 -ribosylating enzyme component (C2I) into the cytosol of target cells. C2II (80 kDa) is activated by trypsin cleavage, and proteolytically activated C2II (60 kDa) oligomerizes to heptamers in solution. Activated C2II forms channels in lipid bilayer membranes which are highly cation selective and voltage-gated. A role for this channel in C2I translocation across the cell membrane into the cytosol is discussed. @entity2 residues 303-331 of C2II contain a conserved pattern of alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues, which likely facilitates membrane insertion and channel formation by creating two antiparallel beta-strands. Some of the residues are in strategic positions within the putative C2II channel, in particular, @entity5 307 (E307) localized in its center and @entity6 316 (G316) localized on the trans side of the membrane. Here, single- @entity0 substitutions of these @entity4 and the double mutant @entity8 / @entity9 of C2II were analyzed in vivo and in artificial lipid bilayer experiments. The pH dependence of C2I transport across cellular membranes was altered, and a pH of <or=5.2 was needed for C2I translocation into target cells; otherwise, no change in C2II-promoted entry of C2I into Vero cells was observed. The channel properties of C2II were substantially changed by the mutations, as evidenced by reduced cation selectivity. Interestingly, the voltage dependence of wild-type C2II was completely lost for the @entity8 mutant, which means that E307 is responsible for voltage gating. @entity1 blocked the @entity8 mutant channel and intoxication of Vero cells by mutant C2II and C2I, indicating that @entity1 binding does not involve E307. Overall, the voltage gating and cation selectivity of the C2II channel do not play an important role in translocation of C2I into the cytosol.

title: Channel formation by the binding component of @entity7 C2 toxin: XXXX 307 of C2II affects channel properties in vitro and pH-dependent C2I translocation in vivo.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The binding component (C2II) of the binary @entity7 C2 toxin mediates transport of the actin @entity3 -ribosylating enzyme component (C2I) into the cytosol of target cells. C2II (80 kDa) is activated by trypsin cleavage, and proteolytically activated C2II (60 kDa) oligomerizes to heptamers in solution. Activated C2II forms channels in lipid bilayer membranes which are highly cation selective and voltage-gated. A role for this channel in C2I translocation across the cell membrane into the cytosol is discussed. @entity2 residues 303-331 of C2II contain a conserved pattern of alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues, which likely facilitates membrane insertion and channel formation by creating two antiparallel beta-strands. Some of the residues are in strategic positions within the putative C2II channel, in particular, @entity5 307 (E307) localized in its center and @entity6 316 (G316) localized on the trans side of the membrane. Here, single- @entity0 substitutions of these @entity4 and the double mutant @entity8 / @entity9 of C2II were analyzed in vivo and in artificial lipid bilayer experiments. The pH dependence of C2I transport across cellular membranes was altered, and a pH of <or=5.2 was needed for C2I translocation into target cells; otherwise, no change in C2II-promoted entry of C2I into Vero cells was observed. The channel properties of C2II were substantially changed by the mutations, as evidenced by reduced cation selectivity. Interestingly, the voltage dependence of wild-type C2II was completely lost for the @entity8 mutant, which means that E307 is responsible for voltage gating. @entity1 blocked the @entity8 mutant channel and intoxication of Vero cells by mutant C2II and C2I, indicating that @entity1 binding does not involve E307. Overall, the voltage gating and cation selectivity of the C2II channel do not play an important role in translocation of C2I into the cytosol.

title: Channel formation by the binding component of XXXX C2 toxin: @entity5 307 of C2II affects channel properties in vitro and pH-dependent C2I translocation in vivo.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity1 @entity0 , drug interactions may intensify adverse events or reduce antitumour effects. We assessed the prevalence of potential drug interactions (PDIs) among @entity1 @entity0 on i.v. treatment using an advanced screening method. @entity0 AND METHODS: Data on drugs used for comorbidities, anticancer agents, over-the-counter (OTC) drugs, and comorbidities were collected by means of a structured interview among the @entity0 and review of medical charts. PDIs were identified using electronic (Drug Interaction Facts software, version 4.0) and manual screening methods (peer-reviewed reports). RESULTS: In this study, 278 @entity0 were enrolled. We identified 348 PDIs. Of all @entity0 , 161 (58%) had at least one @entity8 . Of all PDIs, 34% was classified as major and 60% as moderate. @entity7 , @entity6 , antiepileptics, and @entity4 were frequently part of a @entity8 . Interactions that potentially cause @entity5 , @entity3 , and @entity2 were also common. In multivariate analysis, an increasing number of drugs [odds ratio (OR) = 1.4, confidence interval (CI) 1.23-1.52; P < 0.001] and the use of an OTC drug (OR = 0.56, CI 0.32-0.97; P = 0.045) were risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: PDIs are common in @entity0 treated for an (haemato-) oncological disease. Screening for potential interactions should take place routinely before administering chemotherapy.

title: Potential drug interactions in XXXX therapy: a prevalence study using an advanced screening method.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the utility of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in the detection of @entity1 in acute @entity5 and to determine the best cut-off point for @entity6 used for this purpose. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 157 @entity0 with acute @entity5 who underwent computed tomography (CT) with intravenous contrast material between 72 h and 8 days after the onset of symptoms and whose serum @entity6 values were determined by nephelometry 24 h or later after the onset of @entity2 . RESULTS: Ninety-four @entity0 were @entity0 and 63 were @entity0 , with a mean age of 61 years (range, 15-96 years). The cause of @entity5 was @entity7 in 53.5%, @entity3 in 20.4%, and idiopathic in 10.8%. Other causes were found in 15.3%. The mean (standard deviation) time elapsed between symptom onset and extraction to evaluate @entity6 was 3.21 (1.7) days. The @entity0 were divided into two groups according to the results of CT: 132 @entity0 with acute intersitial @entity5 and 25 @entity0 with @entity4 . The mean @entity6 concentrations were: 322 mg/l (range, 10.7-538) in @entity0 with @entity4 and 133 mg/l (range, 3-442) in those with acute @entity5 ; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve of @entity6 vs. the occurrence of @entity1 was 0.862 (95% CI, 0.778, 0.946). To evaluate the presence of @entity1 a cut-off level of 200 mg/l showed a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 75% while a cut-off level of 279 mg/l presented a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 88%. CONCLUSIONS: In acute @entity5 , a @entity6 value of less than or equal to 200 mg/l obtained at 72 h of symptom onset is useful for ruling out, with a high degree of probability, the presence of @entity1 . With higher values, additional investigations should be performed to determine the presence of @entity1 ; nevertheless, with values higher than 279 mg/l the risk of @entity1 markedly increases.

title: [Value of @entity6 level in the detection of @entity1 in acute XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the utility of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in the detection of @entity1 in acute @entity5 and to determine the best cut-off point for @entity6 used for this purpose. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 157 @entity0 with acute @entity5 who underwent computed tomography (CT) with intravenous contrast material between 72 h and 8 days after the onset of symptoms and whose serum @entity6 values were determined by nephelometry 24 h or later after the onset of @entity2 . RESULTS: Ninety-four @entity0 were @entity0 and 63 were @entity0 , with a mean age of 61 years (range, 15-96 years). The cause of @entity5 was @entity7 in 53.5%, @entity3 in 20.4%, and idiopathic in 10.8%. Other causes were found in 15.3%. The mean (standard deviation) time elapsed between symptom onset and extraction to evaluate @entity6 was 3.21 (1.7) days. The @entity0 were divided into two groups according to the results of CT: 132 @entity0 with acute intersitial @entity5 and 25 @entity0 with @entity4 . The mean @entity6 concentrations were: 322 mg/l (range, 10.7-538) in @entity0 with @entity4 and 133 mg/l (range, 3-442) in those with acute @entity5 ; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve of @entity6 vs. the occurrence of @entity1 was 0.862 (95% CI, 0.778, 0.946). To evaluate the presence of @entity1 a cut-off level of 200 mg/l showed a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 75% while a cut-off level of 279 mg/l presented a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 88%. CONCLUSIONS: In acute @entity5 , a @entity6 value of less than or equal to 200 mg/l obtained at 72 h of symptom onset is useful for ruling out, with a high degree of probability, the presence of @entity1 . With higher values, additional investigations should be performed to determine the presence of @entity1 ; nevertheless, with values higher than 279 mg/l the risk of @entity1 markedly increases.

title: [Value of XXXX level in the detection of @entity1 in acute @entity5 ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the utility of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in the detection of @entity1 in acute @entity5 and to determine the best cut-off point for @entity6 used for this purpose. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 157 @entity0 with acute @entity5 who underwent computed tomography (CT) with intravenous contrast material between 72 h and 8 days after the onset of symptoms and whose serum @entity6 values were determined by nephelometry 24 h or later after the onset of @entity2 . RESULTS: Ninety-four @entity0 were @entity0 and 63 were @entity0 , with a mean age of 61 years (range, 15-96 years). The cause of @entity5 was @entity7 in 53.5%, @entity3 in 20.4%, and idiopathic in 10.8%. Other causes were found in 15.3%. The mean (standard deviation) time elapsed between symptom onset and extraction to evaluate @entity6 was 3.21 (1.7) days. The @entity0 were divided into two groups according to the results of CT: 132 @entity0 with acute intersitial @entity5 and 25 @entity0 with @entity4 . The mean @entity6 concentrations were: 322 mg/l (range, 10.7-538) in @entity0 with @entity4 and 133 mg/l (range, 3-442) in those with acute @entity5 ; this difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve of @entity6 vs. the occurrence of @entity1 was 0.862 (95% CI, 0.778, 0.946). To evaluate the presence of @entity1 a cut-off level of 200 mg/l showed a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 75% while a cut-off level of 279 mg/l presented a sensitivity of 72% and a specificity of 88%. CONCLUSIONS: In acute @entity5 , a @entity6 value of less than or equal to 200 mg/l obtained at 72 h of symptom onset is useful for ruling out, with a high degree of probability, the presence of @entity1 . With higher values, additional investigations should be performed to determine the presence of @entity1 ; nevertheless, with values higher than 279 mg/l the risk of @entity1 markedly increases.

title: [Value of @entity6 level in the detection of XXXX in acute @entity5 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to investigate whether fast and slow components of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) from diffusion-weighted MR images could predict @entity2 progression in @entity0 managed by active surveillance. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Eighty-one @entity0 managed by active surveillance underwent diffusion-weighted MRI in addition to T2-weighted MRI using an endorectal technique. ADCs from @entity1 regions of interest were calculated using all b values (ADC(all)), b = 0-300 s/mm(2) (ADC(fast)), and b = 300-800 s/mm(2) (ADC(slow)). These parameters and @entity1 volumes were compared in those upgraded at subsequent biopsy (n = 14) versus those histologically stable (n = 41) and in evaluable @entity0 who progressed to radical treatment (n = 16) versus those who did not (n = 64). Cox's regression was used to analyze the effect of parameter mean on time to treatment. RESULTS: ADC(all), ADC(fast), and ADC(slow) in @entity0 upgraded on repeat biopsy were significantly lower than those who were stable (1,070    110 vs 1,356    357   10(-6)mm(2)/s, p < 0.001; 1,283    188 vs 1,526    397   10(-6)mm(2)/s, p = 0.004; 843    74 vs 1,105    285   10(-6) mm(2)/s, p < 0.001, respectively). @entity1 volume was significantly higher in the upgraded group (0.86    0.9 vs 0.26    0.25 cm(3), p = 0.02). The lower ADC(slow) in @entity0 who subsequently progressed to radical treatment approached significance (922    256 vs 1,054    235   10(-6) mm(2)/s, p = 0.053; hazard ratio, 0.991 for time to treatment). @entity1 volume was significantly higher in the treated group (0.86    0.85 cm(3) vs 0.32    0.33 cm(3), p = 0.02). ADC(slow) and @entity1 volume were significant but independent predictors of upgrade on biopsy (p = 0.01 and 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION: Both fast and slow diffusion components were significantly lower in @entity1 that were subsequently upgraded on histology. Both @entity1 volume and the true diffusion ADC(slow) were significant but independent predictors of histologic progression.

title: Apparent diffusion coefficient as a predictive biomarker of XXXX progression: value of fast and slow diffusion components.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In teleosts, the kidney is the major immune organ. From the kidney of fugu ( @entity1 ), we isolated a unique leukocyte population. This population shows properties similar to those of @entity0 plasmablasts. First, adherent cells expressing IgM protein on their surface were obtained from the fugu kidney. Flow cytometry (FCM) showed that these cells were mainly composed of two cell populations: IgM+ @entity2    cells and IgM+ @entity2 + cells. Further characterization of the IgM+ @entity2    population by RT-PCR demonstrated that the cells expressed secretory-type IgM as well as @entity3 and Blimp-1, developmental marker genes for the B cell lineage. Western blotting also showed that the cells secreted IgM protein. These results indicate that the IgM+ @entity2    cells are similar to cells at the plasmablast stage in mammals. This is the first report isolating plasmablast-like leukocytes in fish species. Our data also suggests that the teleosts kidney is a organ where B cells terminally differentiate into the plasma cells.

title: The plasmablast-like leukocyte in the kidney of fugu ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the alterations in various HPV-related biomarkers 6 months post-treatment and how these relate to various risk factors and individual characteristics; their role for the prediction of treatment failure was also evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">Prospective observational study. POPULATION: @entity0 planning to undergo treatment for @entity2 . INTERVENTION: A liquid-based cytology sample was taken pre-operatively. This was tested for HPV genotyping, Nucleic Acid Sequence Based Amplification, flow cytometric evaluation and @entity1 immunostaining. A repeat LBC sample was obtained 6 months post-treatment and was tested for the same biomarkers. OUTCOMES: The alterations of the biomarkers 6 months post-treatment were recorded. Their relation to individual characteristics and risk factors (age, smoking, sexual history, use of condom, @entity3 grade, excision margin status, crypt involvement) as well as their role for the prediction of residual/recurrent disease were assessed. ANALYSIS: The accuracy parameters (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value and the likelihood ratios) of each biomarker for the prediction of recurrent/residual @entity3 were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 190 @entity0 were recruited. All biomarkers had significantly higher negativity rates post-treatment compared to pre-treatment ones. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that consistent condom use post-treatment significantly reduces the high-risk HPV positivity rates in comparison to no use (OR=0.18; 95% CI: 0.09-0.38). Sensitivity and specificity for all high risk HPV DNA testing were 0.5/0.62, respectively; the relevant values for only type 16 or 18 DNA typing were 0.5/0.92, for NASBA 0.5/0.94, for flow 0.5/0.85 and for @entity1 0.25/0.93. CONCLUSION: @entity3 treatment reduces positivity for all HPV-related biomarkers. Consistent condom use significantly reduces high-risk HPV positivity rates. More cases of treatment failures are required in order to specify whether different combinations of HPV-related biomarkers could enhance the accuracy of follow up, possibly in the form of a Scoring System that could allow tailored post-treatment surveillance.

title: Alterations in human papillomavirus-related biomarkers after treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Vertebral defects were created in a validated 3D finite element model (FEM) to simulate destructive tubercular lesions of increasing severity. Forces in various parts of the spine were then calculated and correlated to @entity1 and growth modulation (GM) changes. OBJECTIVE: To understand the biomechanical basis of GM, which governs spinal growth and the progression of @entity5 in posttubercular kyphotic (PTK) deformities. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Hueter-Volkmann Law (HVL), chondral growth force response curve (CGFRC), and regional growth acceleratory phenomenon have all been proposed to explain the modulation of growth in limbs but have not been tested in vertebral end plates (VEP). We have previously documented various GM changes in posttubercular kyphotic. By simulating the @entity4 in a validated FEM, the mechanical basis of GM can be established. METHODS: Sixty-three @entity0 with @entity2 treated conservatively formed the clinical material. The progress of @entity3 changes in the fusion mass and the kyphotic curve was documented. Defects simulating lesions of four levels of severity (types A, B, C, and D) were created in a validated 3D FEM and subjected to load till restabilization occurred. The stresses at the end plates, discs, facet joints, and the points of contact were calculated. RESULTS: Regional growth acceleratory phenomenon and favorable growth changes were found in type A collapse where the facets were intact. With increasing destruction, the forces in the facet capsules increased beyond 30 MPa predicting facet dislocations in types B, C, and D collapse. As the contact stress on the VEP increased to 16.6 MPa (type B) and 40 MPa (type C), this was associated with growth suppression. Type D collapse involved @entity7 at multiple levels leading to "buckling collapse". Acceleratory growth was found both in @entity6 and compression phases proving that VEP growth followed principles of CGFRC rather than HVL. CONCLUSION: This is the first study in the current literature to demonstrate that spinal growth follows CGFRC rather than HVL. This observation opens a potential window of opportunity to treat @entity1 by mechanical GM.

title: Lumbar vertebral growth is governed by "chondral growth force response curve" rather than "Hueter-Volkmann law": a clinico-biomechanical study of growth modulation changes in childhood spinal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity6 is the major @entity7 affecting @entity3 . It is important for veterinary medicine, animal science and public health since it causes reproductive and economic losses in the herd, as well as damaging @entity0 health due to consumption of contaminated meat and milk, which can facilitate zoonotic transmission. Detection of @entity5 in ovine milk and lack of data in the literature describing differentiation between acute and chronic disease for this species stimulated the elaboration of the present research project. To achieve the aim of this study, the animals were allocated to two groups of 20 ewes each, of which group 1 was composed of animals with positive serology and group 2 with negative serology. Acute and chronic stages of the disease were differentiated by modified direct agglutination test (MAT), in which antigens were fixed with @entity2 (MAT-AF) and @entity4 (MAT-AM). The parasite was detected in milk by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the molecular identity of the amplified products was confirmed by sequencing. The serological results indicated that @entity3 had a @entity1 profile. @entity5 DNA was detected in seven milk samples from five seropositive @entity3 , and twice in milk of two @entity3 . Sequences of species shared 97-100% identity with @entity5 . These findings allowed the hypothesis that the peripartum period may also lead to the resurgence of tissue @entity5 tachyzoites cysts which can circulate again and be excreted in the milk. This study used @entity3 naturally infected with @entity5 as a prerequisite for further investigations on the possible participation of this species in toxoplasmosis epidemiology and as a potential transmission route related to consumption of milk from infected @entity3 .

title: Detection of XXXX DNA in the milk of naturally infected ewes.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Minimally invasive methods (MIMs) are now available for the management of visceral @entity1 and @entity3 (visceral @entity1 [VAA]). The purpose of this study was to review our 10-year experience with the MIM of treating VAA. METHODS: All @entity0 evaluated from June 1999 to June 2009 with VAAs were reviewed. Demographics, therapy, and results were analyzed. RESULTS: MIM was attempted in 185 @entity2 in 176 @entity0 . Initial intervention was successful in 98% ofaneurysms. Sixty-three (34%) @entity2 were located in the splenic artery, 56 (30%) in the hepatic, 28 (15%) in the gastroduodenal, 16 (8.6%) in the pancreaticoduodenal, six (3.2%) in the superior mesenteric, four (2.1%) in the gastric, four (2.1%) in the celiac, four (2.1%) in the gastroepiploic, two (1%) in the inferior mesenteric, and one (0.5%) in the middle colic artery. @entity3 were more common than true @entity2 (64% vs 36%). Bleeding was the indication for intervention in 86 @entity2 (46%). Initial treatment was successful in 177 @entity2 (98%). Reintervention was required in five (3%) @entity2 within 30 days. Coiling was used alone in 139 @entity2 (75%) and in combination with at least one other technique in 20 (11%) cases. Thirty-day aneurysm-related mortality was 3.4% (six deaths). Five additional deaths occurred during 30-day follow-up, although none was related to complications of the @entity2 (2.8%). CONCLUSIONS: MIM for visceral @entity1 can be used alone or in combination to effectively treat VAAs in elective or emergent conditions.

title: The minimally invasive management of visceral @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Minimally invasive methods (MIMs) are now available for the management of visceral @entity1 and @entity3 (visceral @entity1 [VAA]). The purpose of this study was to review our 10-year experience with the MIM of treating VAA. METHODS: All @entity0 evaluated from June 1999 to June 2009 with VAAs were reviewed. Demographics, therapy, and results were analyzed. RESULTS: MIM was attempted in 185 @entity2 in 176 @entity0 . Initial intervention was successful in 98% ofaneurysms. Sixty-three (34%) @entity2 were located in the splenic artery, 56 (30%) in the hepatic, 28 (15%) in the gastroduodenal, 16 (8.6%) in the pancreaticoduodenal, six (3.2%) in the superior mesenteric, four (2.1%) in the gastric, four (2.1%) in the celiac, four (2.1%) in the gastroepiploic, two (1%) in the inferior mesenteric, and one (0.5%) in the middle colic artery. @entity3 were more common than true @entity2 (64% vs 36%). Bleeding was the indication for intervention in 86 @entity2 (46%). Initial treatment was successful in 177 @entity2 (98%). Reintervention was required in five (3%) @entity2 within 30 days. Coiling was used alone in 139 @entity2 (75%) and in combination with at least one other technique in 20 (11%) cases. Thirty-day aneurysm-related mortality was 3.4% (six deaths). Five additional deaths occurred during 30-day follow-up, although none was related to complications of the @entity2 (2.8%). CONCLUSIONS: MIM for visceral @entity1 can be used alone or in combination to effectively treat VAAs in elective or emergent conditions.

title: The minimally invasive management of visceral XXXX and @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A new, simple, and specific protocol to discriminate between @entity0 and animal fecal pollution is described. The procedure is based on the detection of certain @entity5 species in the samples. Two 16S rRNA gene-targeted probes are described. One of these probes ( @entity4 ) has as its target a region of the 16S rRNA gene of @entity6 , a @entity5 species of exclusively @entity0 origin. The other probe (BAN) is based on the sequence of a region of 16S rRNA gene for several @entity5 species related with animal origins. The specificity of both probes was evaluated by using 24 @entity5 species, and their threshold detection limit was established by DNA-DNA hybridization. DNA-DNA hybridization with the @entity4 probe showed it to be specific for @entity6 , whereas that with the BAN probe showed it to be specific for @entity3 , @entity7 , B. coryneforme, B. cuniculi, @entity5 , B. magnum, B. minimum, and B. subtile. A simple and specific protocol was also developed for the detection of their target species in environmental samples (sewage and feces). DNA-DNA hybridization with the BAN probe was only positive for samples from @entity1 and @entity2 . Thus, this probe is not suitable for the identification of any animal fecal pollution. Whereas all samples with @entity0 fecal pollution showed a positive DNA-DNA hybridization result with the @entity4 probe, none of those with animal fecal pollution did. Therefore, this finding supports the potential use of this probe in detecting fecal pollution of @entity0 origin.

title: Use of XXXX as an indicator of the origin of fecal water pollution.

answer: @entity6