abstract: BACKGROUND: The best method for managing large bone defects during revision knee arthroplasty is unknown. Metaphyseal fixation using porous @entity7 cones has been proposed for severe @entity4 . Whether this approach achieves osseointegration with low complication rates is unclear. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We therefore asked: (1) What is the risk of @entity3 in revision knee arthroplasty with large bone defects reconstructed with porous @entity7 cones? (2) What is the rate of osseointegration with these cones? (3) What is the rate of loosening and reoperation? (4) Is knee function restored? METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 27 @entity0 who had 33 @entity7 cones (nine femoral, 24 tibial) implanted during 27 revision knee arthroplasties. There were 14 @entity0 and 13 @entity0 with a mean age of 64.6 years. Preoperative diagnosis was reimplantation for @entity3 in 13 knees, @entity5 in 10, and wear- @entity6 in four. @entity0 were evaluated clinically and radiographically using the score systems of the Knee Society and followed for a minimum of 2 years (mean, 3.3 years; range, 2-5.7 years). RESULTS: One knee with two cones was removed for @entity3 . All but one cone showed osseointegration. One knee was revised for femoral cone and component loosening. There was one reoperation for femoral shaft @entity2 and one for superficial dehiscence. The mean Knee Society @entity1 score improved from 40 points preoperatively to 79 points postoperatively. The mean function score improved from 19 points to 47 points. CONCLUSIONS: Our observations suggest metaphyseal fixation with @entity7 cones can be achieved. Longer-term followup is required to determine whether the fixation is durable.

title: Can XXXX cones provide fixation in complex revision knee arthroplasty?

answer: @entity7


abstract: Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) has been used to noninvasively provide 3D images of absolute @entity3 concentration ( @entity8 ) in small animals. These @entity3 images are well resolved both spatially (~1  mm) and in @entity8 (1-3  mmHg). EPRI preclinical images of @entity8 have demonstrated extremely promising results for various applications investigating @entity3 related physiologic and biologic processes as well as the dependence of various disease states on @entity8 , such as the role of @entity6 in @entity2 .Recent developments have been made that help to progress EPRI towards the eventual goal of @entity1 application. For example, a bimodal crossed-wire surface coil has been developed. Very preliminary tests demonstrated a 20  dB isolation between transmit and receive for this coil, with an anticipated additional 20  dB achievable. This could potentially be used to image local @entity8 in @entity1 subjects with superficial @entity2 with EPRI. Local excitation and detection will reduce the specific absorption rate limitations on images and eliminate any possible power deposition concerns. Additionally, a large 9  mT EPRI magnet has been constructed which can fit and provide static main and gradient fields for imaging local anatomy in an entire @entity1 . One potential obstacle that must be overcome in order to use EPRI to image @entity1 is the approved use of the requisite EPRI spin probe imaging agent ( @entity9 ). While nontoxic, EPRI @entity9 spin probes have been injected intravenously when imaging small animals, and require relatively high total body injection doses that would not be suitable for @entity1 imaging applications. Work has been done demonstrating the alternative use of intratumoral (IT) injections, which can reduce the amount of @entity9 required for imaging by a factor of 2000- relative to a whole body intravenous injection.The development of a large magnet that can accommodate @entity1 subjects, the design of a surface coil for imaging of superficial @entity8 , and the reduction of required spin probe using IT injections all are crucial steps towards the eventual use of EPRI to image @entity8 in @entity1 subjects. In the future this can help investigate the oxygenation status of superficial @entity2 (e.g., @entity0 ). The ability to image @entity8 in @entity1 has many other potential applications to diseases such as @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity4 .

title: Towards @entity1 XXXX Images with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI) has been used to noninvasively provide 3D images of absolute @entity3 concentration ( @entity8 ) in small animals. These @entity3 images are well resolved both spatially (~1  mm) and in @entity8 (1-3  mmHg). EPRI preclinical images of @entity8 have demonstrated extremely promising results for various applications investigating @entity3 related physiologic and biologic processes as well as the dependence of various disease states on @entity8 , such as the role of @entity6 in @entity2 .Recent developments have been made that help to progress EPRI towards the eventual goal of @entity1 application. For example, a bimodal crossed-wire surface coil has been developed. Very preliminary tests demonstrated a 20  dB isolation between transmit and receive for this coil, with an anticipated additional 20  dB achievable. This could potentially be used to image local @entity8 in @entity1 subjects with superficial @entity2 with EPRI. Local excitation and detection will reduce the specific absorption rate limitations on images and eliminate any possible power deposition concerns. Additionally, a large 9  mT EPRI magnet has been constructed which can fit and provide static main and gradient fields for imaging local anatomy in an entire @entity1 . One potential obstacle that must be overcome in order to use EPRI to image @entity1 is the approved use of the requisite EPRI spin probe imaging agent ( @entity9 ). While nontoxic, EPRI @entity9 spin probes have been injected intravenously when imaging small animals, and require relatively high total body injection doses that would not be suitable for @entity1 imaging applications. Work has been done demonstrating the alternative use of intratumoral (IT) injections, which can reduce the amount of @entity9 required for imaging by a factor of 2000- relative to a whole body intravenous injection.The development of a large magnet that can accommodate @entity1 subjects, the design of a surface coil for imaging of superficial @entity8 , and the reduction of required spin probe using IT injections all are crucial steps towards the eventual use of EPRI to image @entity8 in @entity1 subjects. In the future this can help investigate the oxygenation status of superficial @entity2 (e.g., @entity0 ). The ability to image @entity8 in @entity1 has many other potential applications to diseases such as @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity4 .

title: Towards XXXX @entity3 Images with Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Imaging.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Both the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) play important roles with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) progression and @entity1 . Notably, the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is an important chemokine involved in @entity2 pathology. However, the influence of @entity4 on @entity3 expression in @entity0 @entity2 cells remains unknown. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the modulation of @entity3 expression through @entity4 stimulation in @entity0 @entity2 SK-Hep-1 cells. SK-Hep-1 cells stimulation with @entity4 induced increases in the expression and secretion of @entity3 . By using specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA, we have demonstrated that the activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways are critical for @entity4 -induced @entity3 expression. Transcription factor ELISA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays suggest that @entity4 increase @entity5 - and AP-1-DNA-binding activities in SK-Hep-1 cells. Inhibition of @entity5 and AP-1 activations by specific siRNAs blocked the @entity4 -induced @entity3 promoter activity and expression. The effect of @entity4 on SK-Hep-1 signaling and @entity3 expression is mediated by @entity6 . In summary, our findings serve to elucidate the @entity4 / @entity6 downstream signaling, providing new insight into the function of @entity4 in @entity2 cells.

title: Urokinase induces @entity3 expression in @entity0 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Both the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) play important roles with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) progression and @entity1 . Notably, the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is an important chemokine involved in @entity2 pathology. However, the influence of @entity4 on @entity3 expression in @entity0 @entity2 cells remains unknown. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the modulation of @entity3 expression through @entity4 stimulation in @entity0 @entity2 SK-Hep-1 cells. SK-Hep-1 cells stimulation with @entity4 induced increases in the expression and secretion of @entity3 . By using specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA, we have demonstrated that the activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways are critical for @entity4 -induced @entity3 expression. Transcription factor ELISA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays suggest that @entity4 increase @entity5 - and AP-1-DNA-binding activities in SK-Hep-1 cells. Inhibition of @entity5 and AP-1 activations by specific siRNAs blocked the @entity4 -induced @entity3 promoter activity and expression. The effect of @entity4 on SK-Hep-1 signaling and @entity3 expression is mediated by @entity6 . In summary, our findings serve to elucidate the @entity4 / @entity6 downstream signaling, providing new insight into the function of @entity4 in @entity2 cells.

title: Urokinase induces XXXX expression in @entity0 @entity2 cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Both the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) play important roles with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) progression and @entity1 . Notably, the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is an important chemokine involved in @entity2 pathology. However, the influence of @entity4 on @entity3 expression in @entity0 @entity2 cells remains unknown. We investigated the mechanisms underlying the modulation of @entity3 expression through @entity4 stimulation in @entity0 @entity2 SK-Hep-1 cells. SK-Hep-1 cells stimulation with @entity4 induced increases in the expression and secretion of @entity3 . By using specific inhibitors and small interfering RNA, we have demonstrated that the activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) and c-Jun-NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) pathways are critical for @entity4 -induced @entity3 expression. Transcription factor ELISA and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays suggest that @entity4 increase @entity5 - and AP-1-DNA-binding activities in SK-Hep-1 cells. Inhibition of @entity5 and AP-1 activations by specific siRNAs blocked the @entity4 -induced @entity3 promoter activity and expression. The effect of @entity4 on SK-Hep-1 signaling and @entity3 expression is mediated by @entity6 . In summary, our findings serve to elucidate the @entity4 / @entity6 downstream signaling, providing new insight into the function of @entity4 in @entity2 cells.

title: Urokinase induces @entity3 expression in XXXX @entity2 cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Telomere length reflects biological age and is inversely associated with risk of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Ambient air pollution is associated with @entity1 , but its effect on telomere length is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether ambient black @entity2 (BC), a marker for traffic-related particles, is associated with telomere length in the Normative Aging Study (NAS). METHODS: Among 165 never-smoking @entity0 from the NAS, leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was measured repeatedly approximately every 3 years from 1999 through 2006 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). BC concentration at their residences during the year before each LTL measurement was estimated based on a spatiotemporal model calibrated with BC measurements from 82 locations within the study area. RESULTS: The median [interquartile range (IQR)] annual moving-average BC concentration was 0.32 (0.20-0.45) microg/m3. LTL, expressed as population-standardized ratio of telomere repeat to single-copy gene copy numbers, had a geometric mean (geometric SD) of 1.25 (1.42). We used linear mixed-effects models including random subject intercepts and adjusted for several potential confounders. We used inverse probability of response weighting to adjust for potential selection bias due to loss to follow-up. An IQR increase in annual BC (0.25 microg/m3) was associated with a 7.6% decrease (95% confidence interval, -12.8 to -2.1) in LTL. We found evidence of effect modification, with a stronger association among subjects > or = 75 years of age compared with younger @entity0 (p = 0.050) and statin medications appearing protective of the effects of BC on LTL (p = 0.050). CONCLUSIONS: Telomere @entity3 , linked to biological aging, may be associated with long-term exposures to airborne particles, particularly those rich in BC, which are primarily related to automobile traffic.

title: Annual ambient black XXXX associated with shorter telomeres in elderly @entity0 : Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Telomere length reflects biological age and is inversely associated with risk of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Ambient air pollution is associated with @entity1 , but its effect on telomere length is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether ambient black @entity2 (BC), a marker for traffic-related particles, is associated with telomere length in the Normative Aging Study (NAS). METHODS: Among 165 never-smoking @entity0 from the NAS, leukocyte telomere length (LTL) was measured repeatedly approximately every 3 years from 1999 through 2006 using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). BC concentration at their residences during the year before each LTL measurement was estimated based on a spatiotemporal model calibrated with BC measurements from 82 locations within the study area. RESULTS: The median [interquartile range (IQR)] annual moving-average BC concentration was 0.32 (0.20-0.45) microg/m3. LTL, expressed as population-standardized ratio of telomere repeat to single-copy gene copy numbers, had a geometric mean (geometric SD) of 1.25 (1.42). We used linear mixed-effects models including random subject intercepts and adjusted for several potential confounders. We used inverse probability of response weighting to adjust for potential selection bias due to loss to follow-up. An IQR increase in annual BC (0.25 microg/m3) was associated with a 7.6% decrease (95% confidence interval, -12.8 to -2.1) in LTL. We found evidence of effect modification, with a stronger association among subjects > or = 75 years of age compared with younger @entity0 (p = 0.050) and statin medications appearing protective of the effects of BC on LTL (p = 0.050). CONCLUSIONS: Telomere @entity3 , linked to biological aging, may be associated with long-term exposures to airborne particles, particularly those rich in BC, which are primarily related to automobile traffic.

title: Annual ambient black @entity2 associated with shorter telomeres in elderly XXXX : Veterans Affairs Normative Aging Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the volumetric and geometric changes of parotids occurring during IMRT treatment for @entity2 . METHODS: The pre-treatment CBCT images of 10 @entity0 were obtained using kV-CBCT and transmitted back to TPS. The gross @entity1 volumes (GTVs) and volumes of parotids were manually drawn slice by slice on the CBCT images by the same @entity0 using image analysis software system Tomcon 3.0. For position changes, the center-of-mass (COM) were calculated using Pinnacle 8.0 software. Then the distance from the parotid to the atlas was assessed. RESULTS: The volumetric changes of GTVs and parotids were correlated with the days of treatment. The volumes of GTVs decreased with a mean total loss of 9.85 cm3 (5.10-21.40 cm3) and a median change rate of 0.20 cm3/d (0.10-0.46 cm3/d). The volumes of left parotids decreased with a median total loss of 5.70 cm3 (3.20-12.00 cm3) and a median change rate of 0.13 cm3/d (0.07-0.27 cm3/d). The volumes of right parotids decreased with a median total loss of 8.05 cm3 (3.00-13.40 cm3) and a median change rate of 0.18 cm3/d (0.06-0.29 cm3/d). The distance between the left parotid and the atlas decreased with a median total loss of 3.45 mm (0.70-7.60 mm) and a median change rate of 0.07 mm/d (0.01-0.11 mm/d). The distance between the right parotids and the atlas decreased with a median total loss of 2.60 mm (1.50-4.40 mm) and a median change rate of 0.05 mm/d (0.03-0.12 mm/d). CONCLUSION: Significant reductions of GTVs occur after the third or forth week of IMRT treatment for @entity2 , which indicates that a second plan of CT scanning or treatment replanning might be necessary after 3-4 weeks of treatment to minimize radiations to vital organs.

title: [Volumetric and geometric changes of parotids occurring during IMRT for XXXX ( @entity2 ) using daily CBCT].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the volumetric and geometric changes of parotids occurring during IMRT treatment for @entity2 . METHODS: The pre-treatment CBCT images of 10 @entity0 were obtained using kV-CBCT and transmitted back to TPS. The gross @entity1 volumes (GTVs) and volumes of parotids were manually drawn slice by slice on the CBCT images by the same @entity0 using image analysis software system Tomcon 3.0. For position changes, the center-of-mass (COM) were calculated using Pinnacle 8.0 software. Then the distance from the parotid to the atlas was assessed. RESULTS: The volumetric changes of GTVs and parotids were correlated with the days of treatment. The volumes of GTVs decreased with a mean total loss of 9.85 cm3 (5.10-21.40 cm3) and a median change rate of 0.20 cm3/d (0.10-0.46 cm3/d). The volumes of left parotids decreased with a median total loss of 5.70 cm3 (3.20-12.00 cm3) and a median change rate of 0.13 cm3/d (0.07-0.27 cm3/d). The volumes of right parotids decreased with a median total loss of 8.05 cm3 (3.00-13.40 cm3) and a median change rate of 0.18 cm3/d (0.06-0.29 cm3/d). The distance between the left parotid and the atlas decreased with a median total loss of 3.45 mm (0.70-7.60 mm) and a median change rate of 0.07 mm/d (0.01-0.11 mm/d). The distance between the right parotids and the atlas decreased with a median total loss of 2.60 mm (1.50-4.40 mm) and a median change rate of 0.05 mm/d (0.03-0.12 mm/d). CONCLUSION: Significant reductions of GTVs occur after the third or forth week of IMRT treatment for @entity2 , which indicates that a second plan of CT scanning or treatment replanning might be necessary after 3-4 weeks of treatment to minimize radiations to vital organs.

title: [Volumetric and geometric changes of parotids occurring during IMRT for @entity2 ( XXXX ) using daily CBCT].

answer: @entity2


abstract: We hypothesized that flexion extension (FE) films do not facilitate the diagnosis or treatment of @entity1 of the cervical spine after blunt @entity1 . From January 2000 to December 2008 we reviewed all @entity0 who underwent FE films and compared five-view plain films (5 view) and cervical spine CTC with FE in the diagnosis of @entity1 . There were 22,929 @entity0 with blunt @entity1 and of these, 271 @entity0 underwent 303 FE films. Average age was 39.6 years, Injury Severity Score was 10.8, Glasgow @entity2 Score was 14.1, lactate was 2.6 mmol/L, and hospital length of stay was 6 days. Compared with FE, 5 view and CTC had a sensitivity of 80 per cent (8 of 10), positive predictive value of 47.1 per cent (8 of 17), specificity of 96.55 per cent (252 of 261), and negative predictive value of 99.21 per cent (252 of 254). For purposes of analysis, incomplete and ambiguous FE films were listed as negative; however, 20.5 per cent (62 of 303) were incomplete and 9.2 per cent (28 of 303) were ambiguous. Management did not change for the 2 @entity0 with missed ligament injuries. The 303 studies cost  162,105.00 to obtain. FEs are often incomplete and unreliable making it difficult to use them to base management decisions. They do not facilitate treatment and may lead to increased cost and prolonged cervical collars.

title: Do flexion extension plain films facilitate treatment after XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: A two phase prospective study was carried out at a regional Level I @entity1 center over 1 year. Phase I involved collecting observational data to determine which @entity1 criteria could potentially be used to identify @entity0 that could be evaluated by a lower level @entity1 activation (category-3). A category-3 involved a smaller response team with priority access to imaging. Phase II involved implementing this third tier activation system and prospectively evaluating the outcomes related to resources and @entity0 care. A total of 3104 @entity0 were evaluated with 2076 @entity0 in phase I and 1037 in phase II. Three commonly identified activation criteria out of the 36 studied were not associated with admission. These criteria were pedestrian struck by vehicle, high speed vehicular crash, and Glasgow @entity2 Score 12-14. These criteria were then used as triggers for a category-3 activation in phase II. Comparisons of @entity0 with these three identified criteria between phase I and II demonstrated that significantly fewer @entity0 were admitted, charges were reduced, emergency department times were similar, and less @entity0 -power hours were needed in phase II. The utilization of a third tiered activation system resulted in a decrease utilization of many resources without sacrificing @entity0 care.

title: XXXX team activation can be tailored by prehospital criteria.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) exist and new ENMs are being developed. A challenge to nanotoxicology and environmental health and safety is evaluating @entity1 of ENMs before they become widely utilized. Cellular assays remain the predominant test platform yet these methods are limited by using discrete time endpoints and reliance on organic dyes, vulnerable to interference from ENMs. Label-free, continuous, rapid response systems with biologically meaningful endpoints are needed. We have developed a device to detect and monitor in real time responses of living cells to ENMs. The device, a living cell quartz crystal microbalance biosensor (QCMB), uses macrophages adherent to a @entity4 crystal. The communal response of macrophages to treatments is monitored continuously as changes in @entity5 frequency (/\f). We report the ability of this QCMB to distinguish benign from toxic exposures and reveal unique kinetic information about cellular responses to varying doses of single-walled @entity2 nanotubes (SWCNTs). RESULTS: We analyzed macrophage responses to additions of Zymosan A, @entity3 beads (PBs) (benign substances) or SWCNT (3-150  g/ml) in the QCMB over 18 hrs. In parallel, @entity1 was monitored over 24/48 hrs using conventional viability assays and histological stains to detect apoptosis. In the QCMB, a stable unchanging oscillation frequency occurred when cells alone, Zymosan A alone, PBs alone or SWCNTs without cells at the highest dose alone were used. With living cells in the QCMB, when Zymosan A, PBs or SWCNTs were added, a significant decrease in frequency occurred from 1-6 hrs. For SWCNTs, this /\f was dose-dependent. From 6-18 hrs, benign substances or low dose SWCNT (3-30  g/ml) treatments showed a reversal of the decrease of oscillation frequency, returning to or exceeding pre-treatment levels. Cell recovery was confirmed in conventional assays. The lag time to see the /\f reversal in QCMB plots was linearly SWCNT-dose dependent. Lastly, the frequency never reversed at high dose SWCNT (100-150  g/ml), and apoptosis/ @entity0 was documented in conventional 24 and 48 hr-assays. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the new QCMB detects and provides unique information about peak, sub-lethal and toxic exposures of living cells to ENMs before they are detected using conventional cell assays.

title: A living cell quartz crystal microbalance biosensor for continuous monitoring of cytotoxic responses of macrophages to single-walled XXXX nanotubes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a neurotrophin receptor that belongs to the @entity2 kinase receptor family. This family primarily consists of proto-oncogenes, and @entity4 has been involved in oncogenic translocations. However, its expression in @entity0 is often associated with good prognosis, suggesting it actually acts as a @entity0 suppressor. @entity4 has recently been demonstrated to be a dependence receptor, which regulates neuronal survival. @entity3 receptors share the ability to trigger apoptosis in the absence of their ligand, a feature that has been suggested to confer a @entity0 suppressor function to these receptors. A selective advantage for a @entity0 cell to survive in an environment with limited ligand availability would hence be either to lose the expression of the dependence receptor, or to gain expression of its ligand. AREAS COVERED: The role of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and its dependence receptor @entity4 in @entity1 , and its suitability as a therapeutic target. EXPERT OPINION: Autocrine production of @entity5 represents a selective advantage for @entity0 growth and dissemination, in a large fraction of aggressive @entity1 . Disruption of the @entity5 autocrine loop in malignant neuroblasts, triggers @entity1 cell death, and @entity1 metastasis in animal models. Thus, a novel way of targeting the @entity2 kinase receptor, is via the reactivation of its intrinsic ability to trigger cell death.

title: Targeting @entity5 and its dependence receptor XXXX kinase receptor C: a new antitumoral strategy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a neurotrophin receptor that belongs to the @entity2 kinase receptor family. This family primarily consists of proto-oncogenes, and @entity4 has been involved in oncogenic translocations. However, its expression in @entity0 is often associated with good prognosis, suggesting it actually acts as a @entity0 suppressor. @entity4 has recently been demonstrated to be a dependence receptor, which regulates neuronal survival. @entity3 receptors share the ability to trigger apoptosis in the absence of their ligand, a feature that has been suggested to confer a @entity0 suppressor function to these receptors. A selective advantage for a @entity0 cell to survive in an environment with limited ligand availability would hence be either to lose the expression of the dependence receptor, or to gain expression of its ligand. AREAS COVERED: The role of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and its dependence receptor @entity4 in @entity1 , and its suitability as a therapeutic target. EXPERT OPINION: Autocrine production of @entity5 represents a selective advantage for @entity0 growth and dissemination, in a large fraction of aggressive @entity1 . Disruption of the @entity5 autocrine loop in malignant neuroblasts, triggers @entity1 cell death, and @entity1 metastasis in animal models. Thus, a novel way of targeting the @entity2 kinase receptor, is via the reactivation of its intrinsic ability to trigger cell death.

title: Targeting XXXX and its dependence receptor @entity2 kinase receptor C: a new antitumoral strategy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Health care workers' ( @entity2 ) @entity3 vaccination attitude is known to be negative. The @entity4 had started in mid 2009 and made a peak in October-November in @entity1 . A national vaccination campaign began on November 2nd, 2009. Despite the diligent efforts of the Ministry of Health and NGOs, the attitudes of the media and politicians were mostly negative. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether @entity2 ' vaccination attitudes improved during the pandemic and to assess the related factors. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey was carried out at the largest university hospital of the Aegean Region- @entity1 . A self-administered questionnaire with 12 structured questions was applied to 807 @entity2 (sample coverage 91.3%) before the onset of the vaccination programme. Their final vaccination status was tracked one week afterwards, using immunization records. Factors influencing vaccination rates were analyzed using ANOVA, t-test, chi-square test and logistic regression. RESULTS: Among 807 @entity0 , 363 (45.3%) were doctors and 293 (36.6%) nurses. A total of 153 (19.0%) had been vaccinated against seasonal @entity3 in the 2008-2009 season. Regarding H1N1 vaccination, 143 (17.7%) were willing to be vaccinated vs. 357 (44.2%) unwilling. The number of indecisive @entity2 was 307 (38.0%) one week prior to vaccination. Only 53 (11.1%) stated that they would vaccinate their @entity0 . Possible side effects (78%, n = 519) and lack of comprehensive field evaluation before marketing (77%, n = 508) were the most common reasons underlying unwillingness or hesitation.Among the 749 staff whose vaccination status could be tracked, 228 (30.4%) actually received the H1N1 vaccine. Some of the 'decided' staff members had changed their mind one week later. Only 82 (60%) of those willing, 108 (37%) of those indecisive and 38 (12%) of those unwilling were vaccinated.Indecisive @entity2 were significantly younger (p = 0.017). Females, nurses, and @entity2 working in surgical departments were more likely to reject vaccination (p < 0.05). Doctors, @entity2 working in medical departments, and @entity2 previously vaccinated against seasonal @entity3 were more likely to accept vaccination (p < 0.05). Being younger than 50 and having been vaccinated in the previous season were important predictors of attitude towards pandemic @entity3 vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination rates increased substantially in comparison to the previous @entity3 season. However, vaccination rates could have been even higher since hesitation to be vaccinated increased dramatically within one week (only 60% of those willing and the minority of those indecisive were finally vaccinated). We speculate that this may be connected with negative media at the time.

title: Did the pandemic have an impact on XXXX vaccination attitude? A survey among health care workers.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We wanted to compare the dosimetric difference and treatment efficiency of RapidArc and fixed gantry intensity-modulated radiotherapy treatment (IMRT) for multiple liver @entity1 . Computed tomography datasets of 10 @entity0 were studied retrospectively. IMRT plans were generated using 5 fields and RapidArc using either 1 or 2 arcs. The dose distribution of planning target volume ( @entity2 ), organs at risk (OARs), and the normal tissue were compared. Monitor units and treatment time were scored to measure expected treatment efficiency. Both RapidArc and IMRT plans resulted in equivalent target coverage. There was no statistically significant difference for the maximum and the minimum dose of @entity2 . RapidArc plans achieved an improved conformity index compared with IMRT (RA1 = 1.68    0.27, RA2 = 1.61    0.25, IMRT = 1.80    0.37). For OARs, all techniques respected planning objectives. RapidArc plans had a lower dose in V(40) of small bowel than IMRT, but were higher in mean dose of kidneys. Concerning the V(5), V(10), and V(15) of healthy tissue, RapidArc plans were higher than IMRT. However, the V(20), V(25), and V(30) of healthy tissue in RapidArc plans were lower than IMRT. Monitor units per fraction of RapidArc plans were about 40% or 46% of IMRT. Compared with IMRT plans, treatment time of RapidArc plans were reduced by 60% or 70%. All techniques respected planning objectives. RapidArc showed statistical improvements in conformity index and healthy tissue sparing with uncompromised target coverage. This, in combination with fewer monitor units and short delivery time, can lead to clinically significant advances for the treatment of multiple liver @entity1 .

title: Dosimetric comparison of RapidArc with fixed gantry intensity-modulated radiotherapy treatment for multiple liver XXXX radiotherapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The presence of @entity2 , defined as weight 20 per cent or more above ideal body weight or increased body fat content, significantly increases risk of @entity3 , metabolic, and @entity5 . @entity2 is a major cause of shortened life expectancy. While @entity2 is not essential for the development of the @entity1 , a significant percentage of @entity0 with @entity1 are @entity2 . When evaluating these @entity0 who @entity1 , it is important to search diligently for medical problems that are commonly found among the @entity2 . While there is an increased incidence of @entity2 @entity0 among those who @entity1 , the exact reason for this is uncertain. The study of endorphins and enkephalins may expand our understanding of @entity2 , ventilatory regulation, and @entity1 . This may, in fact, enable us to understand better the interrelationship between @entity1 . The role that thyroid hormone, @entity4 , and @entity8 play in @entity1 has also been reviewed. @entity0 who @entity1 should not be treated with @entity4 . All @entity0 given @entity4 should be observed quite closely for the possible signs and @entity1 . @entity8 seems to be of some help in @entity0 who have @entity10 . Its effectiveness in @entity0 with @entity1 is less clear. The @entity10 as described by Burwell is relatively uncommon. Many of the manifestations of the @entity10 , however, are found in @entity0 with @entity1 . The recognition that the symptoms stem from underlying @entity1 offers great potential for therapy. @entity6 is valuable therapy for @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity7 , @entity1 , and @entity10 . @entity6 and weight maintenance, while difficult, are essential in @entity0 with @entity2 , @entity1 , and the @entity9 . @entity2 should be viewed as a medical problem deserving medical attention and long-term medical follow-up.

title: XXXX and hormonal factors in sleep and sleep apnea.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-risk percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), refractory @entity4 and in-lab @entity3 are all associated with significant mortality. Percutaneous left ventricular assist devices (pLVAD) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) have been used to support such @entity0 . However, the extent to which the use of these devices can improve outcomes in this @entity0 subset is not known. METHODS: We evaluated clinical features, efficacy and safety outcomes in a retrospective cohort of 39 @entity0 , treated either with pLVAD or @entity3 for support of high-risk PCI, @entity4 or in-lab @entity3 . The Tandem-Heart and a new versatile Multifunctional Percutaneous Heart ( @entity5 ) system, with both @entity3 and LVAD capability, were used and assessed. RESULTS: 19 @entity0 received the TandemHeart and 20 received the @entity5 system. The @entity5 system was used as a pLVAD in 12 and to provide @entity3 in 8 @entity0 . Procedural efficacy was 100%. Emergent institution of @entity3 , in the setting of @entity3 , was able to support 7 out of 8 @entity0 and resulted in a 50% survival to hospital discharge rate. Overall, in-hospital death and 30-day major adverse cardiac event rates were 28.2% and 35.9%, respectively. The risk of @entity1 and @entity2 was relatively small. CONCLUSIONS: pLVADs are effective in supporting @entity0 during high-risk cardiac (coronary and structural heart) interventions, with a low risk of device-related complications. Further, the expeditious use of @entity3 in the catheterization laboratory can improve survival in a selected subset of @entity0 with refractory @entity4 and @entity3 .

title: Efficacy and safety of percutaneous life support during high-risk percutaneous coronary intervention, refractory XXXX and in-laboratory cardiopulmonary arrest.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to emphasize the importance of a subclassification in the @entity2 staging system of @entity1 . BACKGROUND: The clinical significance of the mesorectal extension of @entity1 is unclear. @entity0 AND METHODS: Data from 463 consecutive @entity0 with stage IIa disease (T3N0) undergoing curative surgery at 28 institutes were analyzed. The measurement of the distance of the mesorectal extension (DME) was histologically evaluated. Risk factors for recurrence, for the optimal cutoff point of the DME, independent prognostic factors, and for survivals were studied using receiver operating characteristic curve and logistic and Cox regression analyses. Survivals were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: A value of 4 mm was determined as the optimal cutoff point. The @entity0 were subdivided into 2 groups: DME  <= 4 mm and DME > 4 mm at the optimal cutoff point. DME > 4 mm had the greatest impact on recurrence-free survival [P = 0.00023, hazard ratio (HR): 2.26, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.465-3.492, L/U ratio: 0.420] and was an independent adverse prognostic factor (P = 0.00323, HR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.254-3.091). The distant metastasis rate in DME > 4 mm was higher 16.7% than that in DME  <= 4 mm (P = 0.00177, OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.430-4.761). The incidence of local recurrence was not influenced by DME. The recurrence-free 5-year survival rate in DME  <= 4 mm was significantly better than that in DME > 4 mm (86.6% vs 71.3%, P = 0.00015, HR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.286-0.683). The @entity1 -specific survival rate in DME  <= 4 mm was also significantly better than that in DME > 4 mm (91.3% vs 82.2%, P = 0.000664, HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.325-0.843). CONCLUSIONS: A subclassification according to mesorectal extension based on a 4-mm cutoff point is needed for the @entity2 staging system. However, further prospective study is necessary to prove reproducibility and validity of the cutoff point.

title: Clinical significance of the mesorectal extension of XXXX : a Japanese multi-institutional study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Few motor therapies increase active movement in the severely impaired arm of individuals with @entity1 . Existing robotic devices to address this need are large and expensive. This case study describes the application and reports outcomes associated with a repetitive task-specific training (RTP) program incorporating a portable robotic device. We assessed outcomes related to affected arm impairment, ability to perform valued activities, satisfaction with movement performance, and quality of life in a @entity0 with @entity1 exhibiting severe arm @entity2 . CASE DESCRIPTION: The @entity0 was a 53-year-old @entity0 , 30 months after @entity1 . At the time of enrollment, he exhibited some active shoulder and elbow flexion, but no active elbow extension, and no active movement at any joint below the elbow. INTERVENTION: The @entity0 engaged in RTP incorporating a portable, electromyography-triggered neurorobotic device in 1-hour sessions, 3 days/week for 8 weeks using the affected arm. OUTCOMES: The upper extremity section of the Fugl-Meyer Impairment scale (FM), the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM), and the @entity1 Impact Scale (SIS) were administered before and after training. After intervention, the subject exhibited reduced affected arm impairment (+2 points on the FM), increased ability to perform valued activities, increased satisfaction with performance of these activities (indicated by score increases of +2 and +1.8 points on the COPM Performance and Satisfaction scales, respectively), improved strength, performance of activities of daily living, hand function, participation, and physical function (as indicated by increases in respective SIS scores). DISCUSSION: The RTP incorporating the neurorobotic device appears promising. To our knowledge, this is the first study documenting a portable robotic-based RTP strategy in a @entity0 exhibiting this severity of @entity2 .

title: Portable neurorobotics for the severely affected arm in XXXX : a case study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Subclinical @entity1 ( @entity1 ) may be associated with both adipose and skeletal muscle tissues in the abdomen. Accordingly, we examined whether subcutaneous, intermuscular, and visceral adipose tissue, as well as abdominal lean muscle, were associated with the presence and extent of @entity3 in multiple vascular beds. Three hundred and ninety four @entity0 (58.1% @entity0 ) underwent electron beam computed tomography (EBCT) scans as part of routine health maintenance screening. The coronary and carotid @entity2 scores were analyzed at the time of the scan, whereas the other @entity2 scores, as well as the body composition analyses, were analyzed retrospectively. Mean age was 55.2    11.1 years and BMI was 26.9    4.2. The prevalence of any @entity4 in the carotids, coronaries, thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, and iliacs was 30.1, 60.1, 39.8, 55.7, and 56.8%, respectively. Compared to those with @entity4 in different vascular beds, those without @entity3 generally had significantly more lean muscle and less adipose tissue. In separate multivariable logistic models, a 1 s.d. increment in the ratio of abdominal and visceral fat to total area of each corresponding compartments was significantly associated with an increased odds for the presence of thoracic aortic @entity2 (odds ratio (OR) = 1.6, 1.5, respectively; P = 0.01 for both). Conversely, increases in abdominal lean muscle were associated with significantly decreased odds of @entity5 (OR = 0.34; P  <= 0.01). A similar pattern of associations existed among the other vascular beds. Also, the association between lean muscle and @entity3 was independent of visceral adipose tissue. In conclusion, adipose tissue was positively and lean body mass inversely associated with prevalent @entity4 .

title: The association between abdominal body composition and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Disorders that affect the testes can range from painless and benign to debilitating and life threatening. Despite the availability of literature on the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of benign @entity2 (BTD), very little is known about @entity0 's awareness of these conditions. The aim of this review was to extract and analyze evidence from studies that explored males' awareness of BTD. Four e-databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, and PubMed) were thoroughly searched and four articles met the review inclusion criteria. The quality of the included studies was appraised and data were extracted and cross-checked using a standardized data extraction table. It was determined that @entity0 lacked education about testicular self-examination and scrotal signs and symptoms which contributed to their lack of awareness of BTD. Help seeking in the event of @entity3 was suboptimal which is alarming given the acuteness of some BTD such as @entity4 . Individuals who are at risk for health disparities were underrepresented in the reviewed literature. Findings from this review highlight the need to address barriers to BTD knowledge and help seeking. This could be achieved through making use of past interventions that succeeded in increasing @entity0 's awareness of @entity1 such as university campaigns and mass media. From a practical standpoint, clinicians must be encouraged to educate young @entity0 about BTD. This could be attained through tailoring creative educational interventions that are sensitive to the needs of individuals who are at risk for health disparities.

title: Males' Awareness of XXXX : An Integrative Review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is an important cause of acute @entity4 in adults, and there is no effective treatment. We studied early changes following experimental @entity6 and tested the benefit of a potential treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We induced experimental @entity6 in adult @entity0 and tested the effects of short-term (daily for 3 days) and long-term (every other day for 3 weeks) aB-crystallin (aBC) treatment using histological and serial intracranial flash visual evoked potential recordings. RESULTS: One day after experimental @entity6 , there was swelling at the optic nerve (ON) head and increased expression of aBC, a small @entity5 protein important in @entity2 and @entity1 . This upregulation coincided with microglial and astrocytic activation. Our hypothesis was that aBC may be part of the endogenous protective mechanism against injury, thus we tested the effects of aBC on experimental @entity6 . Daily intraveneous or intravitreal aBC injections did not improve visual evoked potential amplitude or latency at days 1-2. However, aBC treatment decreased swelling and dampened the microglial and astrocytic activation on day 3. Longer treatment with intravenous aBC led to acceleration of visual evoked potential latency over 3 weeks, without improving amplitude. This latency acceleration did not correlate with @entity3 cell survival but did correlate with complete rescue of the ON oligodendrocytes, which are important for myelination. CONCLUSIONS: We identified aBC as an early marker following experimental @entity6 . Treatment with aBC enhanced this endogenous, post- @entity2 response by decreasing microglial activation and promoting ON oligodendrocyte survival.

title: Functional rescue of experimental XXXX optic neuropathy with aB-crystallin.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) by pharmaceutical or surgical means has long been the standard treatment for @entity1 . A number of excellent drugs are available that are effective in reducing IOP. These drugs are typically applied as eye drops. However, @entity0 adherence can be poor, thus reducing the clinical efficacy of the drugs. Several novel delivery systems designed to address the issue of adherence and to ensure consistent reduction of IOP are currently under development. These delivery systems include contact lenses-releasing @entity1 medications, injectables such as biodegradable micro- and nanoparticles, and surgically implanted systems. These new technologies are aimed at increasing clinical efficacy by offering multiple delivery options and are capable of managing IOP for several months. There is also a desire to have complementary neuroprotective approaches for those who continue to show progression, despite IOP reduction. Many potential neuroprotective agents are not suitable for traditional oral or drop formulations. Their potential is dependent on developing suitable delivery systems that can provide the drugs in a sustained, local manner to the retina and optic nerve. Drug delivery systems have the potential to improve @entity0 adherence, reduce side effects, increase efficacy, and ultimately, preserve sight for @entity1 @entity0 . In this review, we discuss benefits and limitations of the current systems of delivery and application, as well as those on the horizon.

title: Novel drug delivery systems for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a rare malignancy of the skin. though many @entity0 with @entity3 die of disseminated @entity1 , little is known regarding the value of systemic chemotherapy for this disease. We reviewed the records of 20 @entity0 with metastatic @entity3 who were treated with chemotherapy at Memorial Hospital between 1968 and 1983. A large variety of drugs were given. Although only a few @entity0 were treated with any given regimen, metastatic @entity3 appears to be poorly responsive to a wide variety of chemotherapeutic regimens. Five major responses were observed in 30 chemotherapy trials performed in 17 @entity0 with measurable/evaluable disease. No @entity0 responded to single agent therapy alone. In this small group of @entity0 , @entity3 appears to be a relatively chemotherapy resistant @entity2 . Larger, group-wide or inter-group trials are needed to prospectively evaluate the use of chemotherapy in this disease. @entity4 and @entity5 , the two drugs used most commonly in those combinations where responses were seen, appear to be reasonable choices for initial treatment of @entity0 with @entity1 . Our review does not provide data to support the empiric use of chemotherapy in an adjuvant setting.

title: Chemotherapy of metastatic XXXX . A retrospective review.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In order to evaluate the influence of serum insulin levels on serum lipoprotein composition, 62 randomly selected healthy males were studied. All of them had a normal @entity3 tolerance. The Insulin Response to a bolus of intravenous @entity3 (0.50 g/kg) was significantly correlated with VLDL- @entity2 (p less than 0.01), @entity5 (p less than 0.01) and with the "Atherogenic Index" (Formula: see text) (p less than 0.01). Moreover, stratifing the all population in quartiles according to the Insulin Response distribution, the highest quartile had a significant increase in Total and VLDL- @entity1 levels (p less than 0.02), as well as in Total (p less than 0.02), VLDL (p less than 0.02) and LDL (p less than 0.01) @entity2 , in comparison with the lowest quartile. The Atherogenic Index was also significantly elevated in the high Insulin Response group (p less than 0.005). The influence of serum insulin on lipoprotein metabolism was also evaluated by a stepwise multiple regression analysis. Body weight, Insulin Response and Exogenous @entity2 removal were independently correlated with VLDL- @entity2 concentration (r = 0.58, p less than 0.001). VLDL @entity1 concentration and fasting serum insulin levels were inversely correlated with HDL- @entity1 (r = 0.49, p less than 0.001). In conclusion, in absence of any metabolic derangement, high insulin levels are associated with @entity0 . Insulin might act as a risk factor for @entity4 through its influence on serum lipoproteins.

title: Relationship between insulin response to intravenous XXXX and plasma lipoproteins in healthy men.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The action of a @entity3 extract (r  kan, Tanakan, G.B.E.) in promoting blood flow has been demonstrated in several animal and @entity0 pharmacological studies. The aim of this present study was to estimate the action of the substance on the central nervous system in order to be able to assess its potential use as a therapeutic agent in geriatric @entity0 with @entity2 . Quantitative pharmaco-EEG is the method of choice for studying the vigilance-promoting effects of a drug. It is incomparable for confirming the findings of behavioural and psychometric studies. 60 volunteers of either sex participated in the double-blind trial. They were aged 57-77 years and showed @entity1 corresponding to their age. They were randomly divided into three experimental groups: 20 subjects received 3 X 40 mg/day G.B.E., 20 received 5 mg @entity4 and 20 received a placebo of similar appearance. The subjects underwent an extensive series of examinations before and 4, 8 and 12 weeks after the start of medication. Analysis of the EEG results for the whole group revealed no significant advantage of G.B.E. over the two reference substances with regard to vigilance. However, a subclassification of the subjects showed that the vigilance of those @entity0 with a more unfavourable initial situation measured in the resting EEG could be clearly improved by chronic G.B.E. medication. This increase in vigilance was reflected at the behavioural level by an improvement of reaction times in the G.B.E. group by comparison with the reference substances.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Study of the long-term action of a XXXX extract on vigilance and mental performance as determined by means of quantitative pharmaco-EEG and psychometric measurements.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Motor coordination problems are frequent in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). We performed a genome-wide association study to identify genes contributing to motor coordination problems, hypothesizing that the presence of such problems in @entity0 with @entity2 may identify a sample of reduced genetic heterogeneity. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity2 from the International Multicentre @entity2 Genetic (IMAGE) study were evaluated with the Parental Account of @entity0 's Symptoms. Genetic association testing was performed in PLINK on 890 probands with genome-wide genotyping data. Bioinformatics enrichment-analysis was performed on highly ranked findings. Further characterization of the findings was conducted in 313 Dutch IMAGE @entity0 using the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q). RESULTS: Although none of the findings reached genome-wide significance, bioinformatics analysis of the top-ranked findings revealed enrichment of genes for @entity4 and @entity3 . Genes involved in neurite outgrowth and muscle function were also enriched. Among the highest ranked genes were @entity6 , involved in @entity5 , and @entity7 , causing motor coordination problems in @entity1 . Further characterization of these findings using DCD-Q subscales found nominal association for 15 SNPs. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide clues about the aetiology of motor coordination problems, but replication studies in independent samples are necessary.

title: Genome-wide association study of motor coordination problems in XXXX identifies genes for brain and muscle function.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emergency @entity5 surgery, in contrast to elective @entity5 surgery, is associated with appreciable mortality. @entity5 is the second most common cause of @entity6 after adhesions, and the leading cause of bowel strangulation. METHODS: Information on @entity0 who died within 30  days of groin @entity5 surgery was retrieved from the Swedish @entity5 Register, from the Cause-of-Death Register, and from hospital notes. RESULTS: Of 103,710 groin @entity5 operations between 1992 and 2004, 292 @entity0 died within 30  days of surgery. Hospital notes and cause of @entity2 were retrieved for 242 cases (82%). In 5 of these @entity0 , the @entity5 operation was done in addition to more urgent surgery and therefore excluded from further analyses; 152 @entity0 were admitted as emergency cases and 55 of these @entity0 underwent bowel resection. A total of 107 @entity0 had signs of @entity6 when admitted. For 37% of these @entity0 , physical examination of the groin was not documented. @entity0 with @entity6 without a note on a palpable groin lump were more likely to undergo imaging investigation preoperatively (P  <  0.001) and they had an increased time to surgery compared to @entity0 with a palpable lump. @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity7 were significantly less likely to undergo a groin examination compared to other @entity0 . Local anaesthesia was used in 7% of all @entity0 who died postoperatively, and in 3% of emergency cases. @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity1 were more common as causes of @entity2 after emergency surgery than after elective surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Groin examination of @entity0 presenting with @entity6 is of utmost importance in order to minimise delay to @entity5 surgery.

title: Mortality after groin @entity5 surgery: delay of treatment and cause of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Emergency @entity5 surgery, in contrast to elective @entity5 surgery, is associated with appreciable mortality. @entity5 is the second most common cause of @entity6 after adhesions, and the leading cause of bowel strangulation. METHODS: Information on @entity0 who died within 30  days of groin @entity5 surgery was retrieved from the Swedish @entity5 Register, from the Cause-of-Death Register, and from hospital notes. RESULTS: Of 103,710 groin @entity5 operations between 1992 and 2004, 292 @entity0 died within 30  days of surgery. Hospital notes and cause of @entity2 were retrieved for 242 cases (82%). In 5 of these @entity0 , the @entity5 operation was done in addition to more urgent surgery and therefore excluded from further analyses; 152 @entity0 were admitted as emergency cases and 55 of these @entity0 underwent bowel resection. A total of 107 @entity0 had signs of @entity6 when admitted. For 37% of these @entity0 , physical examination of the groin was not documented. @entity0 with @entity6 without a note on a palpable groin lump were more likely to undergo imaging investigation preoperatively (P  <  0.001) and they had an increased time to surgery compared to @entity0 with a palpable lump. @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity7 were significantly less likely to undergo a groin examination compared to other @entity0 . Local anaesthesia was used in 7% of all @entity0 who died postoperatively, and in 3% of emergency cases. @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity1 were more common as causes of @entity2 after emergency surgery than after elective surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Groin examination of @entity0 presenting with @entity6 is of utmost importance in order to minimise delay to @entity5 surgery.

title: Mortality after groin XXXX surgery: delay of treatment and cause of @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acquisition of @entity4 or @entity7 mutation (IDHmut) is among the earliest genetic events that take place in the development of most @entity2 ( @entity2 ). IDHmut has been associated with longer overall @entity0 survival. However, its impact on @entity1 to be defined. A collection of 210 archived adult @entity2 previously stratified by IDHmut, @entity6 methylation (MGMTmet), 1p/19q combined loss of heterozygosity (1p19qloh) and @entity5 immunopositivity (TP53pos) status was analyzed. We used multistate models to assess MT-free survival, considering one initial, one transient (MT), and one absorbing state ( @entity3 ). Missing explanatory variables were multiply imputed. Overall, although associated with a lower risk of @entity3 (HRDEATH  =  0.35, P  =  0.0023), IDHmut had a non-significantly higher risk of MT (HRMT  =  1.84; P  =  0.1683) compared to @entity4 wild type (IDHwt). The double combination of IDHmut and MGMTmet and the triple combination of IDHmut, MGMTmet and 1p/19qloh, despite significantly lower hazards for @entity3 (HRDEATH versus IDHwt: 0.35, P  =  0.0194 and 0.15, P  =  0.0008, respectively), had non-significantly different hazards for MT. Conversely, the triple combination of IDHmut/MGMTmet/ @entity5 pos, with a non-significantly different hazard for @entity3 , had a significantly higher hazard for MT than IDHwt (HRMT versus IDHwt: 2.83; P  =  0.0452). Although IDHmut status is associated with longer overall @entity0 survival, all IDHmut/MGMTmet subsets consistently showed higher risks of MT than of @entity3 , compared to IDHwt @entity2 . This supports the findings that molecular events relevant to @entity4 mutations impact early @entity2 development prior to malignant transformation.

title: XXXX mutation is associated with higher risk of malignant transformation in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acquisition of @entity4 or @entity7 mutation (IDHmut) is among the earliest genetic events that take place in the development of most @entity2 ( @entity2 ). IDHmut has been associated with longer overall @entity0 survival. However, its impact on @entity1 to be defined. A collection of 210 archived adult @entity2 previously stratified by IDHmut, @entity6 methylation (MGMTmet), 1p/19q combined loss of heterozygosity (1p19qloh) and @entity5 immunopositivity (TP53pos) status was analyzed. We used multistate models to assess MT-free survival, considering one initial, one transient (MT), and one absorbing state ( @entity3 ). Missing explanatory variables were multiply imputed. Overall, although associated with a lower risk of @entity3 (HRDEATH  =  0.35, P  =  0.0023), IDHmut had a non-significantly higher risk of MT (HRMT  =  1.84; P  =  0.1683) compared to @entity4 wild type (IDHwt). The double combination of IDHmut and MGMTmet and the triple combination of IDHmut, MGMTmet and 1p/19qloh, despite significantly lower hazards for @entity3 (HRDEATH versus IDHwt: 0.35, P  =  0.0194 and 0.15, P  =  0.0008, respectively), had non-significantly different hazards for MT. Conversely, the triple combination of IDHmut/MGMTmet/ @entity5 pos, with a non-significantly different hazard for @entity3 , had a significantly higher hazard for MT than IDHwt (HRMT versus IDHwt: 2.83; P  =  0.0452). Although IDHmut status is associated with longer overall @entity0 survival, all IDHmut/MGMTmet subsets consistently showed higher risks of MT than of @entity3 , compared to IDHwt @entity2 . This supports the findings that molecular events relevant to @entity4 mutations impact early @entity2 development prior to malignant transformation.

title: @entity4 mutation is associated with higher risk of malignant transformation in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of @entity2 on embryonic development in @entity1 , because intrafollicular oocyte development may be delayed during assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatment in @entity0 . DESIGN: Experimental @entity1 study. SETTING: University hospital. ANIMAL(S): Female C57Bl/6 @entity1 . INTERVENTION(S): @entity4 is used as a GnRH-antagonist in ART treatments. To assess the effect of @entity2 on embryonic development, @entity4 was applied concomitantly with follicle stimulation by pregnant mare serum gonadotropin. Ovulation was induced by hCG. Controls were stimulated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin without delaying ovulation. @entity3 was assessed from the number of tertiary follicles, ruptured follicles, and corpora lutea in @entity1 ovaries after @entity4 treatment. Number and weight of embryos and placentas, as well as number of resorption sites and dead embryos, was determined on day 17.5 of pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Inhibition of ovulation, embryonic development. RESULT(S): @entity4 inhibited ovulation in @entity1 , as shown by an increase in number of tertiary follicles concomitant with a significant inhibition of follicle rupture and corpora lutea formation. @entity2 caused by @entity4 treatment led to a significant increase in resorption sites and a significant decrease in embryonic weight of offspring. CONCLUSION(S): Preovulatory oocyte overripeness might have an effect on fertility and embryonic development during ART treatment.

title: Hormone-induced XXXX affects early embryonic development.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Seasonal @entity1 has become a serious public health problem worldwide and vaccination is recognized as the most effective preventative measure. Healthcare workers can be the vectors of @entity1 outbreaks. Data suggest that nurses' vaccination remains suboptimal worldwide. OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship among nurses' knowledge, risk perception and their vaccination behaviours and the reasons for vaccination uptake. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. SETTING: @entity0 were recruited from the nurses enrolled on continuing professional education courses at a large university in London. @entity0 : A sample of 522 nurses returned completed questionnaires (response rate 77.7%). Most of the respondents were @entity0 , worked in hospitals and had direct @entity0 contact. The mean years qualified as a nurse were 11.9    8.75 years. METHODS: The survey instrument examined nurses' knowledge about @entity1 and vaccination, risk perception towards @entity1 and pandemics, vaccination behaviours and reasons for vaccination acceptance or refusal. The survey also collected data regarding gender, age, highest educational qualification, work place, clinical specialty, qualified years as a nurse, and whether they had direct @entity0 contact. RESULTS: The @entity1 vaccination rate among the respondents was 36% with about 41% never vaccinated. Nurses with a high knowledge level were more likely to get vaccinated compared to those with a low knowledge level (p<0.001). Vaccination rates between the high risk perception and low risk perception groups were different (p=0.019). Sentinel knowledge items were associated with nurses' vaccination status. Several risk perception items including personal vulnerability to @entity1 or H1N1, mortality risk of H1N1, and the likelihood of transmitting @entity1 to @entity0 were also predictors of vaccination uptake. Vaccinated nurses were more likely to recommend vaccination to their @entity0 (p<0.001). The most frequent reason for vaccination refusal was concern about the side-effects of the vaccination while self-protection was the most frequent reason for vaccination uptake. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed a relationship between knowledge, risk perception and vaccination behaviours among nurses. The identified sentinel items of knowledge and risk perception could inform future vaccination campaigns. The clinical specialty of nurses and the importance of accessibility to vaccination as predictors of vaccine uptake require further exploration.

title: Nurses' knowledge and risk perception towards seasonal XXXX and vaccination and their vaccination behaviours: a cross-sectional survey.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Common scab, a globally important @entity1 disease, is caused by @entity0 of tubers with pathogenic Streptomyces spp. Previously, disease-resistant @entity1 somaclones were obtained through cell selections against the pathogen's toxin, known to be essential for disease. Further testing revealed that these clones had broad-spectrum resistance to diverse tuber-invading pathogens, and that resistance was restricted to tuber tissues. The mechanism of enhanced disease resistance was not known. Tuber periderm tissues from disease-resistant clones and their susceptible parent were examined histologically following challenge with the pathogen and its purified toxin. Relative expression of genes associated with tuber suberin biosynthesis and innate defense pathways within these tissues were also examined. The disease-resistant somaclones reacted to both pathogen and toxin by producing more phellem cell layers in the tuber periderm, and accumulating greater suberin @entity2 in these tissues. Furthermore, they had greater expression of genes associated with suberin biosynthesis. In contrast, signaling genes associated with innate defense responses were not differentially expressed between resistant and susceptible clones. The resistance phenotype is due to induction of increased periderm cell layers and suberization of the tuber periderm preventing @entity0 . The somaclones provide a valuable resource for further examination of suberization responses and its genetic control.

title: Toughing It Out-Disease-Resistant XXXX Mutants Have Enhanced Tuber Skin Defenses.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Approximately 20-50% of @entity0 regain weight 3-5 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. @entity3 and dilation of the gastrojejunostomy and gastric pouch have been reported in these @entity0 . Traditional revision surgery after RYGB has greater morbidity and mortality compared with the index bariatric procedure. We studied our initial results with revision of @entity1 surgery using an endoscopic platform in a community hospital setting. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of @entity0 who had undergone this endoscopic revisional procedure secondary to significant weight regain with or without @entity3 . All @entity0 underwent revision of the gastrojejunostomy and/or closure of the @entity3 using this minimally invasive approach. RESULTS: A total of 37 consecutive @entity0 (36 @entity0 ) with a mean age of 45 years and mean weight regain of 15.1    10.0 kg were included in the present study. The mean interval between RYGB and revision was 5.2 years (range 1-11). The mean preoperative and postoperative stomal size was 21.5 and 10 mm, respectively. Anchors were successfully placed in all @entity0 . The mean follow-up period was 4.69 months (range 2-10). The mean percentage of excess body @entity2 was 23.5%    66.4%. No immediate complications developed. Two @entity0 underwent endoscopic dilation of the stoma because of persistent meal intolerance. Three @entity3 were successfully closed. CONCLUSION: Revision of gastrojejunostomy after RYGB can be safely undertaken using this endoscopic platform. The short-term follow-up results showed clinically significant @entity2 . Long-term follow-up is needed. Closure of @entity3 can also be achieved using this procedure.

title: Endolumenal revision @entity1 surgery results in XXXX and closure of @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Approximately 20-50% of @entity0 regain weight 3-5 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. @entity3 and dilation of the gastrojejunostomy and gastric pouch have been reported in these @entity0 . Traditional revision surgery after RYGB has greater morbidity and mortality compared with the index bariatric procedure. We studied our initial results with revision of @entity1 surgery using an endoscopic platform in a community hospital setting. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of @entity0 who had undergone this endoscopic revisional procedure secondary to significant weight regain with or without @entity3 . All @entity0 underwent revision of the gastrojejunostomy and/or closure of the @entity3 using this minimally invasive approach. RESULTS: A total of 37 consecutive @entity0 (36 @entity0 ) with a mean age of 45 years and mean weight regain of 15.1    10.0 kg were included in the present study. The mean interval between RYGB and revision was 5.2 years (range 1-11). The mean preoperative and postoperative stomal size was 21.5 and 10 mm, respectively. Anchors were successfully placed in all @entity0 . The mean follow-up period was 4.69 months (range 2-10). The mean percentage of excess body @entity2 was 23.5%    66.4%. No immediate complications developed. Two @entity0 underwent endoscopic dilation of the stoma because of persistent meal intolerance. Three @entity3 were successfully closed. CONCLUSION: Revision of gastrojejunostomy after RYGB can be safely undertaken using this endoscopic platform. The short-term follow-up results showed clinically significant @entity2 . Long-term follow-up is needed. Closure of @entity3 can also be achieved using this procedure.

title: Endolumenal revision XXXX surgery results in @entity2 and closure of @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Approximately 20-50% of @entity0 regain weight 3-5 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. @entity3 and dilation of the gastrojejunostomy and gastric pouch have been reported in these @entity0 . Traditional revision surgery after RYGB has greater morbidity and mortality compared with the index bariatric procedure. We studied our initial results with revision of @entity1 surgery using an endoscopic platform in a community hospital setting. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of @entity0 who had undergone this endoscopic revisional procedure secondary to significant weight regain with or without @entity3 . All @entity0 underwent revision of the gastrojejunostomy and/or closure of the @entity3 using this minimally invasive approach. RESULTS: A total of 37 consecutive @entity0 (36 @entity0 ) with a mean age of 45 years and mean weight regain of 15.1    10.0 kg were included in the present study. The mean interval between RYGB and revision was 5.2 years (range 1-11). The mean preoperative and postoperative stomal size was 21.5 and 10 mm, respectively. Anchors were successfully placed in all @entity0 . The mean follow-up period was 4.69 months (range 2-10). The mean percentage of excess body @entity2 was 23.5%    66.4%. No immediate complications developed. Two @entity0 underwent endoscopic dilation of the stoma because of persistent meal intolerance. Three @entity3 were successfully closed. CONCLUSION: Revision of gastrojejunostomy after RYGB can be safely undertaken using this endoscopic platform. The short-term follow-up results showed clinically significant @entity2 . Long-term follow-up is needed. Closure of @entity3 can also be achieved using this procedure.

title: Endolumenal revision @entity1 surgery results in @entity2 and closure of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To characterize the site and clinical implications of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper @entity5 . METHODS: @entity0 who underwent radical nephroureterectomy for upper @entity5 between 2000 and 2011 at 12 institutions participating in the Tohoku Urological Evidence-Based Medicine Study Group were included in the present study. Those who underwent prior or simultaneous radical cystectomy were excluded. The site of intravesical recurrence was investigated, and the survival curves after radical nephroureterectomy were analyzed retrospectively using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analyses of factors predicting survival were carried out. RESULTS: A total of 534 @entity0 were eligible for the present study. With a median follow up of 47  months, 205 @entity0 (38.4%) had intravesical recurrence. The intravesical recurrence-free survival rates at 1, 2, and 5  years were 74.6%, 62.5% and 56.3%, respectively. In a subset of 137 @entity0 with intravesical recurrence who did not have @entity1 before or at the diagnosis of upper @entity5 , the most frequent site of intravesical recurrence was around the cystotomy (52.6%), followed by at the posterior wall (39.4%) and at the @entity2 (35.8%). A total of 36 @entity0 (17.6%) developed @entity1 after radical nephroureterectomy. On multivariate analyses for the subset of @entity0 with non-muscle invasive ( <= @entity3 ) upper @entity5 , intravesical recurrence was an independent predictor of cancer-specific survival (HR 4.27, P  =  0.016) and overall survival (HR 3.00, P  =  0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Most intravesical recurrences occur around the site of bladder @entity4 within 1  year after radical nephroureterectomy, providing important insight into the mechanism of intravesical recurrence. Intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy had an impact on oncological outcomes of @entity0 with non-muscle invasive upper @entity5 .

title: Clinical implications of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) is closely related to increased cardiovascular mortality. AIM: Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between MINS and interarm systolic blood pressure difference (IASBPD) - which has previously been shown to correlate with the frequency of cardiovascular events and arterial arteriosclerotic processes. METHODS: This observational, single-center cohort study included 240 consecutive noncardiac surgery @entity0 aged >= 45 years. Simultaneous blood pressure recordings were taken preoperatively and IASBPD was calculated. @entity0 electrocardiography recordings and high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hscTnT) levels were obtained for a period of 3 days postoperatively. RESULTS: Postoperatively, 27 @entity0 (11.3%) were found to have MINS when hscTnT >= 14 ng/L was taken as a cut-off value. IASBPD >10 mmHg was found in 44 @entity0 (18.3%). When IASBPD was accepted to be a continuous variable, there was a higher IASBPD value in the MINS group (9.4  5.0 vs. 4.5  3.8, p<0.000). When @entity0 were grouped as those having IASBPD>10 mmHg and those not, exaggerate IASBPD was found to be more frequent in @entity0 developing MINS (16 (59.3%) vs. 28 (13.1%) respectively, p<0.000). Multiple logistic regression analysis found IASBPD>10 mmHg to be independently associated with the development of MINS (OR: 30.82 (CI: 9.14-103.98), p<0.000). ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal IASBPD cut-off value for predicting MINS was 11.5 mmHg, with a sensitivity of 61.0% and specificity of 89.1% (AUC = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.71-0.87). CONCLUSIONS: Increased IASBPD is closely related to development of MINS. The preoperative measurement of blood pressure from both arms may be an important and easy to use clinical tool in determining cardiovascular risk.

title: Interarm systolic blood pressure difference is associated with XXXX after noncardiac surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since gamma interferon release assays (IGRAs) cannot differentiate between active @entity1 and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), development of rapid and specific diagnosis tools are essential for discriminating between active @entity1 ( @entity1 ) from @entity4 . Both IGRAs are based on Mycobacterium @entity1 -specific antigens, namely, early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) and 10kDa culture filtrate (CFP-10). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential value of @entity3 secretion by whole blood cells after stimulation with rESAT-6 and rCFP-10 for discriminating between active and @entity4 . METHODS: @entity3 and @entity2 were measured after blood stimulation of 90 cases (30 with active @entity1 , 30 with @entity4 and 30 healthy controls) with recombinant ESAT-6 and CFP-10. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to determine the best @entity3 and @entity2 result thresholds in discriminating between cases with active or @entity4 , and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were recorded. RESULTS: The @entity2 release assay demonstrated a good sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity 83-84% and specificity 92%) for diagnosis of @entity1 . The discrimination performance of @entity3 assay (assessed by the area under ROC curve) between @entity4 and @entity0 with active @entity1 were 0.75 and 0.8 following stimulation with rESAT-6 and rCFP-10, respectively. Maximum discrimination was reached at a cut-off of 11.6pg/mL for @entity3 after stimulation with recombinant rESAT-6 with 72% sensitivity and 79% specificity and 10.7pg/mL for @entity3 following stimulation with rCFP-10 with 75% sensitivity and 79% specificity, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that rESAT-6 and rCFP-10 can provide a sensitive and specific diagnosis of @entity1 . In addition, it was shown that @entity3 may be serving as a marker for discriminating @entity4 and active @entity1 .

title: Improving T-cell assays for diagnosis of XXXX : Confirmation of the potential role of testing @entity3 release in Iranian @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since gamma interferon release assays (IGRAs) cannot differentiate between active @entity1 and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), development of rapid and specific diagnosis tools are essential for discriminating between active @entity1 ( @entity1 ) from @entity4 . Both IGRAs are based on Mycobacterium @entity1 -specific antigens, namely, early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) and 10kDa culture filtrate (CFP-10). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential value of @entity3 secretion by whole blood cells after stimulation with rESAT-6 and rCFP-10 for discriminating between active and @entity4 . METHODS: @entity3 and @entity2 were measured after blood stimulation of 90 cases (30 with active @entity1 , 30 with @entity4 and 30 healthy controls) with recombinant ESAT-6 and CFP-10. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to determine the best @entity3 and @entity2 result thresholds in discriminating between cases with active or @entity4 , and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were recorded. RESULTS: The @entity2 release assay demonstrated a good sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity 83-84% and specificity 92%) for diagnosis of @entity1 . The discrimination performance of @entity3 assay (assessed by the area under ROC curve) between @entity4 and @entity0 with active @entity1 were 0.75 and 0.8 following stimulation with rESAT-6 and rCFP-10, respectively. Maximum discrimination was reached at a cut-off of 11.6pg/mL for @entity3 after stimulation with recombinant rESAT-6 with 72% sensitivity and 79% specificity and 10.7pg/mL for @entity3 following stimulation with rCFP-10 with 75% sensitivity and 79% specificity, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that rESAT-6 and rCFP-10 can provide a sensitive and specific diagnosis of @entity1 . In addition, it was shown that @entity3 may be serving as a marker for discriminating @entity4 and active @entity1 .

title: Improving T-cell assays for diagnosis of @entity4 : Confirmation of the potential role of testing XXXX release in Iranian @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since gamma interferon release assays (IGRAs) cannot differentiate between active @entity1 and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), development of rapid and specific diagnosis tools are essential for discriminating between active @entity1 ( @entity1 ) from @entity4 . Both IGRAs are based on Mycobacterium @entity1 -specific antigens, namely, early secretory antigenic target 6 (ESAT-6) and 10kDa culture filtrate (CFP-10). The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential value of @entity3 secretion by whole blood cells after stimulation with rESAT-6 and rCFP-10 for discriminating between active and @entity4 . METHODS: @entity3 and @entity2 were measured after blood stimulation of 90 cases (30 with active @entity1 , 30 with @entity4 and 30 healthy controls) with recombinant ESAT-6 and CFP-10. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to determine the best @entity3 and @entity2 result thresholds in discriminating between cases with active or @entity4 , and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were recorded. RESULTS: The @entity2 release assay demonstrated a good sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity 83-84% and specificity 92%) for diagnosis of @entity1 . The discrimination performance of @entity3 assay (assessed by the area under ROC curve) between @entity4 and @entity0 with active @entity1 were 0.75 and 0.8 following stimulation with rESAT-6 and rCFP-10, respectively. Maximum discrimination was reached at a cut-off of 11.6pg/mL for @entity3 after stimulation with recombinant rESAT-6 with 72% sensitivity and 79% specificity and 10.7pg/mL for @entity3 following stimulation with rCFP-10 with 75% sensitivity and 79% specificity, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that rESAT-6 and rCFP-10 can provide a sensitive and specific diagnosis of @entity1 . In addition, it was shown that @entity3 may be serving as a marker for discriminating @entity4 and active @entity1 .

title: Improving T-cell assays for diagnosis of @entity4 : Confirmation of the potential role of testing @entity3 release in Iranian XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to summarize the current evidence for the genetic basis of stress @entity2 (SUI). RECENT FINDINGS: Based on epidemiologic data, there appears to be a genetic predisposition for the development of SUI. One thought is that there are abnormalities in expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins leading to alterations in the composition of the ECM. Several studies have identified candidate genes encoding ECM proteins as well as inducers/inhibitors of these proteins, which are thought to lead to the development of SUI. Also, there is increasing evidence to suggest expression of these candidate genes may be influenced by the presence or absence of @entity1 and @entity3 . Pelvic organ prolapse is closely related to SUI, and the genes thought to be involved in the development of @entity4 may also be linked to the development of SUI. SUMMARY: There is increasing evidence to support a genetic basis for the development of SUI, but some of the evidence is contradictory. Several candidate genes have been identified and these may lead to alterations in the composition of the ECM, ultimately predisposing some @entity0 to develop SUI. Future studies are needed to identify other candidate genes that may be involved in SUI and to study the influence of @entity1 and @entity3 on ECM proteins thought to be involved in SUI. The identification of genes involved in the development of SUI could lead to new therapies for the treatment of SUI.

title: Genetic influences on stress XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Inhibins, dimeric peptide hormones composed of an a-subunit and 1 of 2 possible b subunits (bA or bB), exhibit substantial roles in @entity0 reproduction and in @entity5 . However, it is still unclear whether normal and cancerous cervical tissues as well as @entity1 cell lines express the inhibin-bA and -bB subunits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Normal @entity0 uterine cervical tissue was obtained from 4 premenopausal nonpregnant @entity0 . In addition, a total of 32 specimens of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of different stages were obtained ( @entity4 1 = 10, @entity4 2 = 9, and @entity4 3 = 13). Moreover, 30 @entity1 samples of well-differentiated (grade 1; n = 10), moderate differentiated (grade 2; n = 10), and poorly differentiated (grade 3; n = 10) grading were analyzed. RESULTS: An immunohistochemical staining reaction for inhibin-bA and -bB subunits could be observed in normal and malignant cervical tissue as well as in @entity1 cell lines. Regarding inhibin-bA significant differences were observed between normal tissue and @entity4 1 and @entity4 3. Moreover, the immunohistochemical staining reaction for inhibin-bA was significantly higher in @entity4 3 compared with that in cervical @entity3 grades 1 and 2. The inhibin-bB expression was higher in @entity4 and @entity1 compared with that in normal cervical tissue. Inhibin-bB was significantly higher in @entity4 2 and @entity4 3 compared with @entity1 tissues of histological grade 1. In addition, a significant increase of the staining intensity was observed between @entity1 grades 1 and 2 as well as grade 3. CONCLUSIONS: Both inhibin-b subunits demonstrated a differential expression in @entity4 and @entity1 , suggesting important roles in cervical @entity2 . Inhibin-bA might be important during progression of @entity4 , whereas the inhibin-bB subunit could exert a substantial function during differentiation of cervical @entity3 . Moreover, the synthesis of this subunit in cervical @entity3 cell lines also allows the use of this cell line to elucidates their functions in @entity1 pathogenesis.

title: Immunolabeling of the inhibin-bA and -bB subunit in normal and malignant @entity0 cervical tissue and XXXX cell lines.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Inhibins, dimeric peptide hormones composed of an a-subunit and 1 of 2 possible b subunits (bA or bB), exhibit substantial roles in @entity0 reproduction and in @entity5 . However, it is still unclear whether normal and cancerous cervical tissues as well as @entity1 cell lines express the inhibin-bA and -bB subunits. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Normal @entity0 uterine cervical tissue was obtained from 4 premenopausal nonpregnant @entity0 . In addition, a total of 32 specimens of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of different stages were obtained ( @entity4 1 = 10, @entity4 2 = 9, and @entity4 3 = 13). Moreover, 30 @entity1 samples of well-differentiated (grade 1; n = 10), moderate differentiated (grade 2; n = 10), and poorly differentiated (grade 3; n = 10) grading were analyzed. RESULTS: An immunohistochemical staining reaction for inhibin-bA and -bB subunits could be observed in normal and malignant cervical tissue as well as in @entity1 cell lines. Regarding inhibin-bA significant differences were observed between normal tissue and @entity4 1 and @entity4 3. Moreover, the immunohistochemical staining reaction for inhibin-bA was significantly higher in @entity4 3 compared with that in cervical @entity3 grades 1 and 2. The inhibin-bB expression was higher in @entity4 and @entity1 compared with that in normal cervical tissue. Inhibin-bB was significantly higher in @entity4 2 and @entity4 3 compared with @entity1 tissues of histological grade 1. In addition, a significant increase of the staining intensity was observed between @entity1 grades 1 and 2 as well as grade 3. CONCLUSIONS: Both inhibin-b subunits demonstrated a differential expression in @entity4 and @entity1 , suggesting important roles in cervical @entity2 . Inhibin-bA might be important during progression of @entity4 , whereas the inhibin-bB subunit could exert a substantial function during differentiation of cervical @entity3 . Moreover, the synthesis of this subunit in cervical @entity3 cell lines also allows the use of this cell line to elucidates their functions in @entity1 pathogenesis.

title: Immunolabeling of the inhibin-bA and -bB subunit in normal and malignant XXXX cervical tissue and @entity1 cell lines.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effectiveness and the safety of systemic and intralesional @entity1 therapy for problematic proliferating haemangioma. METHOD: 233 @entity0 with haemangioma were identified from our @entity4 database 1996-2007. 46 (36%) out of 129 @entity0 with proliferating haemangioma required intervention. 24 of these @entity0 received @entity1 therapy. Indications for @entity1 therapy, the response and side effects of treatment and the need for other treatment were recorded. Intralesional @entity8 up to 4 mg/kg/injection was preferred for small, localised non-periorbital lesions in 5 @entity0 and oral @entity5 2.0-2.5 mg/kg/day was used for larger lesions, especially around the periorbital region in 19 @entity0 . RESULTS: Accelerated regression of the haemangioma was observed in four of the five @entity0 who received intralesional @entity8 and there was no complication. Overall, the haemangioma in 17 (89%) of the 19 @entity0 responded to high dose oral @entity5 with accelerated regression noted in 10 (53%) @entity0 . Rebound growth was observed in 5 @entity0 during dose tapering, requiring dose increment in three @entity0 and debulking surgery in one @entity0 . Three @entity0 developed @entity6 during treatment but this normalised 3-10 months following cessation of @entity1 therapy. Other side effects included mild @entity3 (n=2), @entity2 (n=2), increased appetite (n=3). CONCLUSION: Intralesional and systemic @entity1 are relatively safe and effective in treating problematic proliferating haemangioma. Systemic @entity1 therapy is associated with few short-term side effects. A multidisciplinary management is essential. @entity7 is likely to replace @entity1 as the first-line treatment for problematic proliferating haemangioma.

title: XXXX therapy for problematic proliferating haemangioma.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although no definite risk factors have emerged for the different @entity6 , a viral cause has been postulated. Several studies have detected SV40 DNA sequences in @entity1 tissues obtained from @entity10 @entity0 . A link between SV40 and @entity10 is biologically plausible because SV40 causes @entity6 in laboratory rodents. METHODS: We investigated 266 Egyptian cases of different @entity6 , for the presence of SV40 DNA using multiplex nested PCR technique. These cases consisted of 158 @entity10 ( @entity10 ), 54 @entity3 ( @entity11 ), 26 @entity4 ( @entity4 ), 13 @entity12 ( @entity12 ), 8 @entity5 ( @entity5 ), 7 @entity8 ( @entity8 ), in addition to 34 subjects of control group. RESULTS: Our results have shown that SV40 DNA sequences were found in 53.8% of @entity10 @entity0 , 29.6% of @entity3 @entity0 , and 40.7% of different types of @entity7 cases. Frequency of SV40 DNA sequences was higher in @entity10 @entity0 compared to the other @entity1 cases. Also, frequency of SV40 DNA sequences was significantly higher (p<0.05) in @entity10 @entity0 than in the control group. Regarding the different histological types of @entity10 , SV40 DNA sequences were detected frequently in diffuse large @entity9 and in @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that SV40 DNA virus is significantly associated with @entity10 and might have a role in the development of these @entity6 . Polyomavirus SV40 may act as a cofactor in the pathogenesis of these @entity1 and this could lead to new diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive approaches.

title: Presence of simian virus 40 DNA sequences in egyptian XXXX with lymphoproliferative disorders.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the three types of urinary diversion namely Ileal Conduit, MAINZ Pouch II and Ileal Neobladder in terms of @entity0 preference, post-operative hospital stay, early and late complications, continence rates, quality of life and @entity0 satisfaction. METHOD: From January 2003 to October 2007, 30 @entity0 (28 males and 2 females) of muscle invasive @entity1 (mean age 57.7 years) were operated upon by radical cysto- prostatectomy or anterior pelvic exenteration and urinary diversion was performed by Ileal conduit, Mainz pouch II or @entity2 . The @entity0 preference for the type of diversion was determined pre-operatively after discussing all the three types of urinary diversions. Post-operative hospital stay, early and late complications, continence rates, quality of life and @entity0 satisfaction with the type of diversion were evaluated on follow up. RESULTS: 60% of the @entity0 's preferred @entity2 , 10% preferred Ileal conduit and 10% preferred Mainz pouch II as their 1st choice diversion; 20% left the decision to the operating surgeon. The mean post-operative hospital stay was 15.0 days in Ileal conduit group, 17.8 days in Mainz pouch II group and 19.7 days in @entity2 group. The mean follow up was 27.7 months. Early complications (within 1 month of surgery) were observed in 46.2% of @entity0 in Ileal conduit group, 38.5% in Mainz pouch II group and 50.0% in @entity2 group. Late complications (after 1 month of surgery) were seen in 61.5% of @entity0 in Ileal conduit group, 46.2% in Mainz pouch II group and 50.0% in @entity2 group. In Mainz pouch II group 92.3% of the @entity0 achieved daytime continence and 84.6% achieved night time continence 3 to 6 months after surgery. In @entity2 group, 75.0% @entity0 achieved day time continence and 50.0% achieved night time continence 3 to 6 months after surgery. @entity0 satisfaction and overall quality of life was described 'Good' by majority of @entity0 in Ileal conduit group and 'Very Good' by majority of @entity0 in Mainz pouch II group and @entity2 group. CONCLUSION: There are inherited advantages and disadvantages to each form of urinary diversion and @entity0 selection is important to identify the most appropriate method of diversion for an individual.

title: Comparative study of various forms of urinary diversion after radical cystectomy in muscle invasive XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: An extensive list of side effects and problems are associated with the administration of l-dopa ( @entity8 ) during treatment of @entity1 . These problems can preclude achieving an optimal response with l-dopa treatment. PURPOSE: To present a case study outlining a novel approach for the treatment of @entity1 that allows for management of problems associated with l-dopa administration and discusses the scientific basis for this treatment. @entity0 AND METHODS: The case study was selected from a database containing 254 @entity1 @entity0 treated in developing and refining this novel approach to its current state. The spectrum of @entity0 comprising this database range from newly diagnosed, with no previous treatment, to those who were diagnosed more than 20 years before and had virtually exhausted all medical treatment options. @entity1 is associated with depletion of @entity3 hydroxylase, @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity6 . Exacerbating this is the fact that administration of l-dopa may deplete @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity4 , and @entity11 . The properly balanced administration of l-dopa in conjunction with @entity7 , @entity9 , @entity2 , and cofactors under the guidance of organic cation transporter functional status determination (herein referred to as "OCT assay interpretation") of urinary @entity4 and @entity5 , is at the heart of this novel treatment protocol. RESULTS: When @entity7 and l-dopa are administered in proper balance along with @entity9 , @entity2 , and cofactors under the guidance of OCT assay interpretation, the long list of problems that can interfere with optimum administration of l-dopa becomes controllable and manageable or does not occur at all. @entity0 treatment then becomes more effective by allowing the implementation of the optimal dosing levels of l-dopa needed for the relief of symptoms without the dosing value barriers imposed by side effects and adverse reactions seen in the past.

title: Amino acid management of XXXX : a case study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Shallow upper buccal sulcus, vertical @entity3 ( @entity1 ), and limited mobility of the median part of the upper lip are among the most common @entity1 following surgical @entity5 . They are often encountered together as a triad of @entity2 with a common etiology. To date, there has been no surgical procedure to correct these 3 associated deformities in 1 stage. PURPOSE: In this article, we describe the triad above-mentioned 3 associated @entity2 as a single clinical entity, namely the @entity4 . Moreover, a new procedure for simultaneous correction of these 3 @entity2 in 1 stage is presented. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Over 4 years, this new technique was used in 9 @entity0 , 7 males and 2 females, with the @entity4 following bilateral @entity5 repair. The @entity0 were aged from 1 to 3 years. RESULTS: All @entity0 healed uneventfully. A mean follow-up of 18 months revealed a well-contoured upper lip with a sufficient depth of the upper buccal sulcus, an adequate oral sphincter function, and mobility in all @entity0 . The scars placed on the mucosal surface were almost invisible. CONCLUSIONS: Our technique seems to be useful for 1-stage correction of all 3 components of the @entity4 including shallow upper buccal sulcus, vertical @entity3 of the median part of vermilion, and limited upper lip mobility following surgical repair of the bilateral @entity5 .

title: Correction of tethered upper @entity4 following bilateral XXXX repair.

answer: @entity5