abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine safety, benefits, outcomes, and costs of early versus late stabilization of spine @entity1 using data available in the current literature. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: There is currently a lack of consensus regarding the timing of surgical stabilization of the injured spine. This is limited by the reality that a randomized clinical trial to evaluate early versus late surgery is difficult to design and perform. METHODS: A computer-aided search using the keywords Spine or Spinal, @entity1 , @entity4 , and Surgery that included MEDLINE, EMBASE, HealthSTAR, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, ACP Journal Club, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, from January 1990 to July 2009 was done. RESULTS: Eleven articles directly comparing two cohorts that had early or late surgery were identified. All of the studies consistently demonstrated shorter hospital and intensive care unit length of stays, fewer days on mechanical ventilation and @entity2 in @entity0 who are treated with early surgical spine decompression and stabilization. These advantages are more marked in @entity0 with @entity3 . Consequently, costs associated with late surgery were higher compared with early surgery. CONCLUSION: There is evidence in the current literature to show that early surgical stabilization leads to shorter hospital stays, shorter intensive care unit stays, less days on mechanical ventilation and @entity2 . This effect is more evident in @entity0 who have more severe associated @entity1 as measured by ISS. This benefit is seen in @entity0 who have @entity4 as well as those who do not. There is some evidence that early stabilization does not increase the complication rates compared with late surgery.

title: Early versus late stabilization of spine XXXX : a systematic review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To testify the phenomenon that large amplitude action potential appears at the early stage of @entity5 , and to search for the mechanism through clinical and experimental studies. @entity0 (ANIMALS) AND METHODS: The action potentials of the orbicular ocular and oral muscles were recorded in 34 normal @entity0 by electromyogram instruments. The normal range of amplitude percentage was found out according to the normal distribution. One hundred @entity0 with @entity5 were also studied. The action potentials of facial muscles were recorded in 17 @entity2 before and after the facial nerve was compressed and the facial nerve was examined under electromicroscope before and after the compression. RESULTS: The amplitude percentage of the suffered side to the healthy side was more than 153 percent in 6 of the 100 @entity0 . Large amplitude action potential occured in 35 per cent @entity2 which were performed the experiment of @entity4 . Electromicroscopic examination revealed separation of the lammae of the @entity1 in the @entity2 which exhibited large amplitude action potential. CONCLUSION: The facial nerve exhibited a temporary over-excitability at the early stage of @entity3 in some @entity0 and @entity2 . If the injury was limited in the myelin sheath, the prognosis was relatively good.

title: Clinical and experimental studies of large amplitude action potential of the suffered facial muscles in intratemporal XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: A polygenic approach to disease prevention has become a realistic goal that has arisen from the sequencing of the @entity1 genome. Some believe it will be possible to identify individuals as susceptible by their genotype and to prevent disease by targeting interventions to those at risk. However, doubts have been expressed about the magnitude of these genetic effects, and hence the potential to apply them either to individuals or to populations. Published data suggest that the @entity0 not due to the known high penetrance genes is polygenic, which implies that the distribution of risk in the population is continuous. This model is likely to apply to other common @entity2 . The utility of a continuous distribution for identifying a high-risk group of the population for targeted preventive intervention depends on the spread of that risk distribution. For @entity0 , the data are compatible with a log-normal distribution of genetic risk in the population which is sufficiently wide to provide useful discrimination of high- and low-risk groups. Assuming all the susceptibility genes could be identified, the half of the population at highest risk would account for 88% of all cases. In contrast, if currently identified risk factors for @entity0 were used to stratify the population, the half of the population at highest risk would account for only 62% of all cases. These results suggest that in the future the construction and use of genetic risk profiles may provide significant improvements in the efficacy of population-based programmes of intervention for @entity2 and other diseases.

title: Genetic susceptibility, predicting risk and preventing XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: What is the relationship between @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of @entity3 , adherence to therapy, and healthcare costs among @entity0 with @entity1 ? METHODS: Employing a retrospective cohort design, this study assessed administrative claims data for commercially-insured @entity1 @entity0 who initiated @entity3 in 2006. Initiation was defined as a 90-day clean period without access to @entity3 . Five study cohorts were constructed based on the @entity2 of @entity3 , calculated from all prescriptions dispensed over the 12-month follow-up period: <30   mg, 30   mg, 31-59   mg, 60   mg, and >60   mg ( @entity3 starting dose: 30   mg/day; target dose: 60   mg/day). Medication possession ration (MPR) was used to assess @entity3 adherence, with MPR >= 0.8 as 'high' adherence. Multivariate regressions were applied to examine the association between @entity2 , @entity3 adherence, and healthcare costs (total, inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy), adjusting for differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between cohorts. RESULTS: Of the 4869 @entity0 with @entity1 , 3% had an @entity2 of <30   mg, 12% had 30   mg, 21% had 31-59   mg, 46% had 60   mg, and 18% had >60   mg. High adherence to @entity3 ranged from 16% to 41% across cohorts. Controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, @entity0 with an @entity2 of 31-59   mg or >60   mg were more likely to adhere to @entity3 therapy than those in the 60   mg cohort, while @entity0 in the <30   mg cohort were less likely to adhere to @entity3 (all p   <   0.05). Total costs were significantly higher for individuals in the 31-59   mg or >60   mg @entity2 cohorts ( 1834 and  5766) than those maintaining an @entity2 of 60   mg, as were outpatient ( 1167 and  2275) and pharmacy costs ( 502 and  2983) (all p   <   0.05). @entity0 with an @entity2 of 30   mg had significantly lower total (- 1770), inpatient (- 1524), and pharmacy (- 827) costs (all p   <   0.05) than those with an @entity2 of 60   mg. LIMITATIONS: This study is subject to selection bias because some confounders might be unobserved in the administrative claims database. Indirect costs or over-the-counter medication costs were also not available. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 @entity0 with an @entity2 of 60   mg of @entity3 had better adherence than @entity0 with an @entity2  <=30   mg. @entity3 @entity0 with an @entity2 of 30   mg (31-59 or >60   mg) had significantly lower (higher) healthcare costs than those maintaining an @entity2 of 60   mg.

title: Average daily dose, medication adherence, and healthcare costs among commercially-insured @entity0 with XXXX treated with @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: What is the relationship between @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of @entity3 , adherence to therapy, and healthcare costs among @entity0 with @entity1 ? METHODS: Employing a retrospective cohort design, this study assessed administrative claims data for commercially-insured @entity1 @entity0 who initiated @entity3 in 2006. Initiation was defined as a 90-day clean period without access to @entity3 . Five study cohorts were constructed based on the @entity2 of @entity3 , calculated from all prescriptions dispensed over the 12-month follow-up period: <30   mg, 30   mg, 31-59   mg, 60   mg, and >60   mg ( @entity3 starting dose: 30   mg/day; target dose: 60   mg/day). Medication possession ration (MPR) was used to assess @entity3 adherence, with MPR >= 0.8 as 'high' adherence. Multivariate regressions were applied to examine the association between @entity2 , @entity3 adherence, and healthcare costs (total, inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy), adjusting for differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between cohorts. RESULTS: Of the 4869 @entity0 with @entity1 , 3% had an @entity2 of <30   mg, 12% had 30   mg, 21% had 31-59   mg, 46% had 60   mg, and 18% had >60   mg. High adherence to @entity3 ranged from 16% to 41% across cohorts. Controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, @entity0 with an @entity2 of 31-59   mg or >60   mg were more likely to adhere to @entity3 therapy than those in the 60   mg cohort, while @entity0 in the <30   mg cohort were less likely to adhere to @entity3 (all p   <   0.05). Total costs were significantly higher for individuals in the 31-59   mg or >60   mg @entity2 cohorts ( 1834 and  5766) than those maintaining an @entity2 of 60   mg, as were outpatient ( 1167 and  2275) and pharmacy costs ( 502 and  2983) (all p   <   0.05). @entity0 with an @entity2 of 30   mg had significantly lower total (- 1770), inpatient (- 1524), and pharmacy (- 827) costs (all p   <   0.05) than those with an @entity2 of 60   mg. LIMITATIONS: This study is subject to selection bias because some confounders might be unobserved in the administrative claims database. Indirect costs or over-the-counter medication costs were also not available. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 @entity0 with an @entity2 of 60   mg of @entity3 had better adherence than @entity0 with an @entity2  <=30   mg. @entity3 @entity0 with an @entity2 of 30   mg (31-59 or >60   mg) had significantly lower (higher) healthcare costs than those maintaining an @entity2 of 60   mg.

title: Average daily dose, medication adherence, and healthcare costs among commercially-insured @entity0 with @entity1 treated with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: What is the relationship between @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of @entity3 , adherence to therapy, and healthcare costs among @entity0 with @entity1 ? METHODS: Employing a retrospective cohort design, this study assessed administrative claims data for commercially-insured @entity1 @entity0 who initiated @entity3 in 2006. Initiation was defined as a 90-day clean period without access to @entity3 . Five study cohorts were constructed based on the @entity2 of @entity3 , calculated from all prescriptions dispensed over the 12-month follow-up period: <30   mg, 30   mg, 31-59   mg, 60   mg, and >60   mg ( @entity3 starting dose: 30   mg/day; target dose: 60   mg/day). Medication possession ration (MPR) was used to assess @entity3 adherence, with MPR >= 0.8 as 'high' adherence. Multivariate regressions were applied to examine the association between @entity2 , @entity3 adherence, and healthcare costs (total, inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy), adjusting for differences in demographic and clinical characteristics between cohorts. RESULTS: Of the 4869 @entity0 with @entity1 , 3% had an @entity2 of <30   mg, 12% had 30   mg, 21% had 31-59   mg, 46% had 60   mg, and 18% had >60   mg. High adherence to @entity3 ranged from 16% to 41% across cohorts. Controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics, @entity0 with an @entity2 of 31-59   mg or >60   mg were more likely to adhere to @entity3 therapy than those in the 60   mg cohort, while @entity0 in the <30   mg cohort were less likely to adhere to @entity3 (all p   <   0.05). Total costs were significantly higher for individuals in the 31-59   mg or >60   mg @entity2 cohorts ( 1834 and  5766) than those maintaining an @entity2 of 60   mg, as were outpatient ( 1167 and  2275) and pharmacy costs ( 502 and  2983) (all p   <   0.05). @entity0 with an @entity2 of 30   mg had significantly lower total (- 1770), inpatient (- 1524), and pharmacy (- 827) costs (all p   <   0.05) than those with an @entity2 of 60   mg. LIMITATIONS: This study is subject to selection bias because some confounders might be unobserved in the administrative claims database. Indirect costs or over-the-counter medication costs were also not available. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 @entity0 with an @entity2 of 60   mg of @entity3 had better adherence than @entity0 with an @entity2  <=30   mg. @entity3 @entity0 with an @entity2 of 30   mg (31-59 or >60   mg) had significantly lower (higher) healthcare costs than those maintaining an @entity2 of 60   mg.

title: Average daily dose, medication adherence, and healthcare costs among commercially-insured XXXX with @entity1 treated with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared cost-effectiveness and potential lifetime benefits of using dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) for myocardial perfusion assessment instead of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for the workup of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A decision and simulation model was developed to estimate cost and health effects of using DECT myocardial perfusion imaging instead of SPECT for identifying @entity0 in need of invasive imaging and possible revascularization. The model was based on the performance indices of stress/rest DECT compared with stress/rest SPECT for detecting myocardial perfusion deficits in 50 @entity0 (mean age 61  10 years) with @entity1 . Stress/rest perfusion and delayed enhancement cardiac MRI served as reference standard. For DECT a reimbursement of US 1700 was assumed but costs of cardiac MRI were not included in the model. All other actual healthcare costs in these @entity0 were derived from MUSC's hospital billing system. RESULTS: Compared with cardiac MRI, DECT (versus SPECT) had 90% (85%) sensitivity and 71% (58%) specificity for identifying @entity0 with obstructive @entity1 . Compared with the no imaging and no treatment strategy, routine SPECT gained 13.49 quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of US 3557 (in 2010) per QALY. In comparison, DECT ICER was lower (US 3.191 per QALY, p=0.0002) and an additional 0.64 QALYs was obtained (total of 14.13 QALYs) if compared with the SPECT strategy as well as the no imaging and no treatment strategy. CONCLUSION: Using DECT as the first-line imaging test for myocardial perfusion for the workup of @entity0 with @entity1 has the potential to provide gains in QALYs, while lowering costs if compared to routine myocardial perfusion SPECT.

title: Cost-effectiveness of substituting dual-energy CT for SPECT in the assessment of myocardial perfusion for the workup of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 are a common complication and adversely affect neurological outcome. We tried to perform a trial aimed at preventing the development of @entity3 using levetiracetam. Levetiracetam is assumed to have anti-epileptogenic properties and might be suitable to prevent late @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: @entity1 @entity0 with a @entity5 and a modified Rankin score >=  3 or NIHSS >=  6 were treated with either levetiracetam 1500 mg daily divided in two doses or placebo during 12 weeks following @entity1 . Treatment was started within 7 days following @entity1 onset. RESULTS: Only 16 @entity0 were included in this trial. Problems during the execution of this prophylactic trial concerned the assessment of the occurrence of @entity2 , a very slow inclusion rate, the use of anticonvulsive co-medication, continuation of the trial medication after discharge, and the evaluation of possible side effects of the trial medication. DISCUSSION: Due to too few @entity0 , no conclusions could be drawn regarding the ability of @entity4 to prevent @entity3 . The problems encountered during execution of this trial seem to be inherent to performing a trial aimed at preventing the development of @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: A prophylactic trial in @entity1 @entity0 aimed at preventing @entity3 and @entity2 seems not feasible.

title: Early treatment after XXXX for the prevention of late @entity2 : a report on the problems performing a randomised placebo-controlled double-blind trial aimed at anti-epileptogenesis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 are a common complication and adversely affect neurological outcome. We tried to perform a trial aimed at preventing the development of @entity3 using levetiracetam. Levetiracetam is assumed to have anti-epileptogenic properties and might be suitable to prevent late @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: @entity1 @entity0 with a @entity5 and a modified Rankin score >=  3 or NIHSS >=  6 were treated with either levetiracetam 1500 mg daily divided in two doses or placebo during 12 weeks following @entity1 . Treatment was started within 7 days following @entity1 onset. RESULTS: Only 16 @entity0 were included in this trial. Problems during the execution of this prophylactic trial concerned the assessment of the occurrence of @entity2 , a very slow inclusion rate, the use of anticonvulsive co-medication, continuation of the trial medication after discharge, and the evaluation of possible side effects of the trial medication. DISCUSSION: Due to too few @entity0 , no conclusions could be drawn regarding the ability of @entity4 to prevent @entity3 . The problems encountered during execution of this trial seem to be inherent to performing a trial aimed at preventing the development of @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: A prophylactic trial in @entity1 @entity0 aimed at preventing @entity3 and @entity2 seems not feasible.

title: Early treatment after @entity1 for the prevention of late XXXX : a report on the problems performing a randomised placebo-controlled double-blind trial aimed at anti-epileptogenesis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined the association between rural residence and birth outcomes in older mothers, the effect of parity on this association, and the trend in adverse birth outcomes in relation to the distance to the nearest hospital with cesarean-section capacity. METHODS: A population-based retrospective cohort study, including all singleton births to 35+ year-old @entity0 in British Columbia (Canada), 1999-2003. We compared birth outcomes in @entity2 , and between 3 distance categories to a hospital (<50, 50-150, >150 km). Outcomes included labor induction, cesarean section, stillbirth, perinatal @entity1 , preterm birth (<37 weeks), small-for-gestational-age, large-for-gestational-age, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. We used multivariate regression to obtain adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). FINDINGS: Among the 29,698 subjects, 11.5% lived in rural areas; 5% lived within 50-150 km; and 1.1% lived >150 km from a hospital. Rural @entity0 were at lower risk of primary and repeat cesarean section (OR = 0.9, CI: 0.9-1.0; OR = 0.7, CI: 0.6-0.9) and small-for-gestational-age (OR = 0.8, CI: 0.7-0.9) births; they were at increased risk for perinatal @entity1 (OR = 1.5, CI: 1.1-2.1) and large-for-gestational-age (OR = 1.1, CI: 1.1-1.2) births. The association was stronger among multiparous versus primiparous @entity0 . No differences in emergency cesarean section, preterm birth, or neonatal intensive care admission were found, regardless of parity. Perinatal mortality increased with distance from hospital; OR = 1.5 (CI: 1.1-2.1) per distance category. CONCLUSIONS: Older @entity0 in @entity2 had a lower rate of cesarean section and increased risk of perinatal @entity1 . The risk of perinatal @entity1 increased with the distance to hospital. Further studies need to evaluate the contribution of underlying perinatal risks, access to care, and decision making regarding referral and transport.

title: Birth outcomes among older mothers in XXXX : a residence-based approach.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In plants, oxidative stress is one of the major causes of damage as a result of various environmental stresses. @entity1 is primarily because of the excessive accumulation of reactive @entity0 species (ROS). The amplification of @entity2 is further stimulated by the accumulation of @entity3 degradation products, i.e. @entity10 , arising from reactions of ROS with lipids and proteins. Previously, the isolation of dehydration-inducible genes encoding @entity4 dehydrogenases (ALDHs) was reported from the desiccation-tolerant plant Craterostigma plantagineum and @entity6 . ALDHs belong to a family of @entity7 -dependent enzymes with a broad substrate specificity that catalyze the oxidation of various @entity3 @entity10 to @entity13 . Analysis of transcript accumulation revealed that Ath- @entity15 is induced in response to @entity8 , heavy metals ( @entity14 and @entity11 ), and chemicals that induce oxidative stress ( @entity12 (MV) and @entity5 ). To investigate the physiological role and possible involvement of ALDHs in stress protection, we generated transgenic @entity6 plants overexpressing Ath- @entity15 . Transgenic lines show improved tolerance when exposed to dehydration, @entity8 , heavy metals ( @entity14 and @entity11 ), MV, and @entity5 . Tolerance of transgenic plants is correlated with decreased accumulation of lipid peroxidation-derived reactive @entity10 (as measured by @entity9 ) compared to wild-type plants. Increased activity of Ath- @entity15 appears to constitute a detoxification mechanism that limits @entity4 accumulation and oxidative stress, thus revealing a novel pathway of detoxification in plants. We suggest that Ath- @entity15 could be used to obtain plants with tolerance to diverse environmental stresses.

title: Overexpression of a stress-inducible XXXX dehydrogenase gene from @entity6 in transgenic plants improves stress tolerance.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In plants, oxidative stress is one of the major causes of damage as a result of various environmental stresses. @entity1 is primarily because of the excessive accumulation of reactive @entity0 species (ROS). The amplification of @entity2 is further stimulated by the accumulation of @entity3 degradation products, i.e. @entity10 , arising from reactions of ROS with lipids and proteins. Previously, the isolation of dehydration-inducible genes encoding @entity4 dehydrogenases (ALDHs) was reported from the desiccation-tolerant plant Craterostigma plantagineum and @entity6 . ALDHs belong to a family of @entity7 -dependent enzymes with a broad substrate specificity that catalyze the oxidation of various @entity3 @entity10 to @entity13 . Analysis of transcript accumulation revealed that Ath- @entity15 is induced in response to @entity8 , heavy metals ( @entity14 and @entity11 ), and chemicals that induce oxidative stress ( @entity12 (MV) and @entity5 ). To investigate the physiological role and possible involvement of ALDHs in stress protection, we generated transgenic @entity6 plants overexpressing Ath- @entity15 . Transgenic lines show improved tolerance when exposed to dehydration, @entity8 , heavy metals ( @entity14 and @entity11 ), MV, and @entity5 . Tolerance of transgenic plants is correlated with decreased accumulation of lipid peroxidation-derived reactive @entity10 (as measured by @entity9 ) compared to wild-type plants. Increased activity of Ath- @entity15 appears to constitute a detoxification mechanism that limits @entity4 accumulation and oxidative stress, thus revealing a novel pathway of detoxification in plants. We suggest that Ath- @entity15 could be used to obtain plants with tolerance to diverse environmental stresses.

title: Overexpression of a stress-inducible @entity4 dehydrogenase gene from XXXX in transgenic plants improves stress tolerance.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Plants respond to a reduction in the red/far-red ratio (R:FR) of light, caused by the proximity of other plants, by initiating morphological changes that improve light capture. In @entity0 , this response (shade avoidance syndrome, SAS) is controlled by phytochromes (particularly phyB), and is dependent on the @entity5 pathway of auxin biosynthesis. However, when grown in real canopies, we found that phyB mutants and mutants deficient in TAAI ( @entity5 ) still display robust SAS responses to increased planting density and leaf shading. The SAS morphology (leaf hyponasty and reduced lamina/petiole ratio) could be phenocopied by exposing plants to blue light attenuation. These responses to blue light attenuation required the UV-A/blue light photoreceptor @entity3 . Moreover, they were mediated through mechanisms that showed only limited overlap with the pathways recruited by phyB inactivation. In particular, pathways for polar auxin transport, auxin biosynthesis and gibberellin signaling that are involved in SAS responses to low R:FR were not required for the SAS responses to blue light depletion. By contrast, the @entity4 response appeared to be required for the full expression of the SAS phenotype under low blue light. The phyB and @entity3 inactivation pathways appeared to converge in their requirement for the basic/helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors @entity6 ( @entity1 and @entity2 ) to elicit the SAS phenotype. Our results suggest that blue light is an important control of SAS responses, and that @entity1 and @entity2 are critical hubs for a diverse array of signaling routes that control plant architecture in canopies.

title: XXXX and phytochrome B control shade-avoidance responses in @entity0 via partially independent hormonal cascades.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Plants respond to a reduction in the red/far-red ratio (R:FR) of light, caused by the proximity of other plants, by initiating morphological changes that improve light capture. In @entity0 , this response (shade avoidance syndrome, SAS) is controlled by phytochromes (particularly phyB), and is dependent on the @entity5 pathway of auxin biosynthesis. However, when grown in real canopies, we found that phyB mutants and mutants deficient in TAAI ( @entity5 ) still display robust SAS responses to increased planting density and leaf shading. The SAS morphology (leaf hyponasty and reduced lamina/petiole ratio) could be phenocopied by exposing plants to blue light attenuation. These responses to blue light attenuation required the UV-A/blue light photoreceptor @entity3 . Moreover, they were mediated through mechanisms that showed only limited overlap with the pathways recruited by phyB inactivation. In particular, pathways for polar auxin transport, auxin biosynthesis and gibberellin signaling that are involved in SAS responses to low R:FR were not required for the SAS responses to blue light depletion. By contrast, the @entity4 response appeared to be required for the full expression of the SAS phenotype under low blue light. The phyB and @entity3 inactivation pathways appeared to converge in their requirement for the basic/helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors @entity6 ( @entity1 and @entity2 ) to elicit the SAS phenotype. Our results suggest that blue light is an important control of SAS responses, and that @entity1 and @entity2 are critical hubs for a diverse array of signaling routes that control plant architecture in canopies.

title: @entity3 and phytochrome B control shade-avoidance responses in XXXX via partially independent hormonal cascades.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In the current study, we investigated the nature and role of @entity6 variant isoforms involved in endothelial cell (EC) @entity0 cell @entity2 mediated by @entity5 -activated killer (LAK) cells. Treatment of @entity6 wild-type lymphocytes with @entity5 led to increased gene expression of @entity6 v6 and v7 variant isoforms and to significant induction of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). CD44v6-v7 knockout (KO) and CD44v7 KO @entity1 showed markedly reduced levels of @entity5 -induced @entity3 . The decreased @entity3 in CD44v6-v7 KO and CD44v7 KO @entity1 did not result from differential activation and expansion of CD8+ T cells, NK, and NK-T cells or from altered degree of perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in the lungs. LAK cells from CD44v7 KO @entity1 showed a significant decrease in their ability to adhere to and mediate lysis of EC but not lysis of @entity1 @entity0 cells in vitro. CD44v7-mediated lysis of EC by LAK cells was dependent on the activity of @entity7 3-kinase and @entity4 kinases. Interestingly, @entity5 -activated LAK cells expressing @entity6 hi but not @entity6 lo were responsible for EC lysis. Furthermore, lysis of EC targets could be blocked by addition of soluble or enzymatic cleavage of CD44v6-v7-binding glycosaminoglycans. Finally, anti-CD44v7 mAbs caused a significant reduction in the adherence to and killing of EC and led to suppression of @entity5 -induced @entity3 . Together, this study suggests that the expression of CD44v7 on LAK cells plays a specific role in EC injury and that it may be possible to reduce EC injury but not @entity0 cell killing by specifically targeting CD44v7.

title: Targeted deletion of CD44v7 exon leads to decreased endothelial cell injury but not @entity0 cell killing mediated by XXXX -activated cytolytic lymphocytes.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In the current study, we investigated the nature and role of @entity6 variant isoforms involved in endothelial cell (EC) @entity0 cell @entity2 mediated by @entity5 -activated killer (LAK) cells. Treatment of @entity6 wild-type lymphocytes with @entity5 led to increased gene expression of @entity6 v6 and v7 variant isoforms and to significant induction of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). CD44v6-v7 knockout (KO) and CD44v7 KO @entity1 showed markedly reduced levels of @entity5 -induced @entity3 . The decreased @entity3 in CD44v6-v7 KO and CD44v7 KO @entity1 did not result from differential activation and expansion of CD8+ T cells, NK, and NK-T cells or from altered degree of perivascular lymphocytic infiltration in the lungs. LAK cells from CD44v7 KO @entity1 showed a significant decrease in their ability to adhere to and mediate lysis of EC but not lysis of @entity1 @entity0 cells in vitro. CD44v7-mediated lysis of EC by LAK cells was dependent on the activity of @entity7 3-kinase and @entity4 kinases. Interestingly, @entity5 -activated LAK cells expressing @entity6 hi but not @entity6 lo were responsible for EC lysis. Furthermore, lysis of EC targets could be blocked by addition of soluble or enzymatic cleavage of CD44v6-v7-binding glycosaminoglycans. Finally, anti-CD44v7 mAbs caused a significant reduction in the adherence to and killing of EC and led to suppression of @entity5 -induced @entity3 . Together, this study suggests that the expression of CD44v7 on LAK cells plays a specific role in EC injury and that it may be possible to reduce EC injury but not @entity0 cell killing by specifically targeting CD44v7.

title: Targeted deletion of CD44v7 exon leads to decreased endothelial cell injury but not XXXX cell killing mediated by @entity5 -activated cytolytic lymphocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase ( @entity6 ) is a natural protease inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Recent studies revealed a novel function of @entity6 as a potent inhibitor of apoptosis in @entity0 cells. However, the mechanisms by which @entity6 exerts its anti-apoptotic effect are not understood. Here we show that @entity6 activates cell survival signaling pathways involving focal adhesion kinase, @entity7 3-kinase, and ERKs in @entity0 breast epithelial cells to @entity6 . @entity6 -activated cell survival signaling down-regulates caspase-mediated classical apoptotic pathways induced by a variety of stimuli including anoikis, @entity2 exposure, and growth factor withdrawal. Consistently, down-regulation of @entity6 expression greatly enhances apoptotic cell death. In a previous study, substitution of the second @entity1 residue @entity4 for @entity5 in @entity6 , which confers selective MMP inhibition, was shown to obliterate its anti-apoptotic activity in activated hepatic stellate cells suggesting that the anti-apoptotic activity of @entity6 is dependent on MMP inhibition. Here we show that the same mutant inhibits apoptosis of @entity0 breast epithelial cells, suggesting different mechanisms of @entity6 regulation of apoptosis depending on cell types. Neither @entity3 nor a synthetic MMP inhibitor protects breast epithelial cells from intrinsic apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, @entity6 enhances cell survival in the presence of the synthetic MMP inhibitor. Taken together, the present study unveils some of the mechanisms mediating the anti-apoptotic effects of @entity6 in @entity0 breast epithelial cells through @entity6 -specific signal transduction pathways.

title: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 protects @entity0 breast epithelial cells against intrinsic apoptotic cell death via the focal adhesion kinase/ XXXX 3-kinase and MAPK signaling pathway.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase ( @entity6 ) is a natural protease inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Recent studies revealed a novel function of @entity6 as a potent inhibitor of apoptosis in @entity0 cells. However, the mechanisms by which @entity6 exerts its anti-apoptotic effect are not understood. Here we show that @entity6 activates cell survival signaling pathways involving focal adhesion kinase, @entity7 3-kinase, and ERKs in @entity0 breast epithelial cells to @entity6 . @entity6 -activated cell survival signaling down-regulates caspase-mediated classical apoptotic pathways induced by a variety of stimuli including anoikis, @entity2 exposure, and growth factor withdrawal. Consistently, down-regulation of @entity6 expression greatly enhances apoptotic cell death. In a previous study, substitution of the second @entity1 residue @entity4 for @entity5 in @entity6 , which confers selective MMP inhibition, was shown to obliterate its anti-apoptotic activity in activated hepatic stellate cells suggesting that the anti-apoptotic activity of @entity6 is dependent on MMP inhibition. Here we show that the same mutant inhibits apoptosis of @entity0 breast epithelial cells, suggesting different mechanisms of @entity6 regulation of apoptosis depending on cell types. Neither @entity3 nor a synthetic MMP inhibitor protects breast epithelial cells from intrinsic apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, @entity6 enhances cell survival in the presence of the synthetic MMP inhibitor. Taken together, the present study unveils some of the mechanisms mediating the anti-apoptotic effects of @entity6 in @entity0 breast epithelial cells through @entity6 -specific signal transduction pathways.

title: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 protects XXXX breast epithelial cells against intrinsic apoptotic cell death via the focal adhesion kinase/ @entity7 3-kinase and MAPK signaling pathway.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is a major clinical problem but the underlying mechanisms and its pharmacological modulation need further investigation. This study on 15 volunteers evaluates if two experimental @entity4 models are sensitive to micro -receptor agonists and to an @entity6 ( @entity1 )-receptor antagonist. METHODS: In the left tibialis anterior, intramuscular electrical (IMES) @entity2 thresholds were determined for single (SPTmuscle) and five (RPTmuscle) repeated stimuli. Also @entity2 to suprathreshold stimulation at 150% of RPTmuscle, 10 s, was assessed on a visual analog scale (VAS) as AUCimes (area under the VAS curve). In the right TA muscle, @entity2 intensity on infusion of 0.5 ml of hypertonic saline, 5% (AUCsaline) and @entity2 distribution indicated as local and referred were evaluated. @entity2 variables were assessed before, during and after intravenous infusions of @entity7 (10 microg x kg-1 @entity5 , 10 min), @entity3 (target-controlled infusion, plasma concentration; 60 ng ml-1, 60 min) and @entity9 (10 microg x kg-1 @entity5 , 60 min). All data were normalized to baseline @entity2 values (before drug infusions were initiated) and compared with placebo ( @entity8 , 2 microg x kg-1 @entity5 , 10 min). RESULTS: SPTmuscle increased (log mean values +/- SD, mA) with @entity7 (0.11 +/- 0.17, P < 0.05), @entity3 (0.28 +/- 0.24, P < 0.001) and @entity9 (0.19 +/- 0.18, P < 0.01) as compared with placebo (-0.03 +/- 0.12). @entity3 and @entity9 also increased RPTmuscle (0.25 +/- 0.21, P < 0.01 and 0.21 +/- 0.19, P < 0.05, respectively) as compared with placebo (0.00 +/- 0.17). @entity2 to IMES (AUCimes) was reduced (median values [25th-75th percentiles], cm x s) by @entity3 and @entity9 (-19.7 [-14.6 - -29.6] and-12.8 [-8.3 - -27.8], P < 0.05, respectively) vs. placebo (-0.8 [1.6 - -12.3]). Similar drug effects were seen when @entity2 to infusion of hypertonic saline (AUCsaline) was assessed ( @entity3 :-388 [-99 - -677] and @entity9 :-326 [-227 - -573], P < 0.05 compared with placebo: 150 [449--240]). @entity9 also reduced the size of the @entity2 area (-58.4 [-21.2 - -176.1], < 0.05) as compared with placebo (-0.4 [70.6 - -13.4]). The frequency of @entity2 was also lower when @entity9 was given (3/13, P < 0.05) vs. placebo (9/14). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that experimental @entity4 induced in @entity0 by electrical stimulation and infusion of hypertonic saline is sensitive to pharmacological modulation similar to preclinical animal tests and clinical trials. The data suggest that these models can be valuable tools in analgesic drug development.

title: Pharmacological modulation of experimental phasic and tonic @entity4 by @entity7 , XXXX and @entity9 in healthy volunteers.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is a major clinical problem but the underlying mechanisms and its pharmacological modulation need further investigation. This study on 15 volunteers evaluates if two experimental @entity4 models are sensitive to micro -receptor agonists and to an @entity6 ( @entity1 )-receptor antagonist. METHODS: In the left tibialis anterior, intramuscular electrical (IMES) @entity2 thresholds were determined for single (SPTmuscle) and five (RPTmuscle) repeated stimuli. Also @entity2 to suprathreshold stimulation at 150% of RPTmuscle, 10 s, was assessed on a visual analog scale (VAS) as AUCimes (area under the VAS curve). In the right TA muscle, @entity2 intensity on infusion of 0.5 ml of hypertonic saline, 5% (AUCsaline) and @entity2 distribution indicated as local and referred were evaluated. @entity2 variables were assessed before, during and after intravenous infusions of @entity7 (10 microg x kg-1 @entity5 , 10 min), @entity3 (target-controlled infusion, plasma concentration; 60 ng ml-1, 60 min) and @entity9 (10 microg x kg-1 @entity5 , 60 min). All data were normalized to baseline @entity2 values (before drug infusions were initiated) and compared with placebo ( @entity8 , 2 microg x kg-1 @entity5 , 10 min). RESULTS: SPTmuscle increased (log mean values +/- SD, mA) with @entity7 (0.11 +/- 0.17, P < 0.05), @entity3 (0.28 +/- 0.24, P < 0.001) and @entity9 (0.19 +/- 0.18, P < 0.01) as compared with placebo (-0.03 +/- 0.12). @entity3 and @entity9 also increased RPTmuscle (0.25 +/- 0.21, P < 0.01 and 0.21 +/- 0.19, P < 0.05, respectively) as compared with placebo (0.00 +/- 0.17). @entity2 to IMES (AUCimes) was reduced (median values [25th-75th percentiles], cm x s) by @entity3 and @entity9 (-19.7 [-14.6 - -29.6] and-12.8 [-8.3 - -27.8], P < 0.05, respectively) vs. placebo (-0.8 [1.6 - -12.3]). Similar drug effects were seen when @entity2 to infusion of hypertonic saline (AUCsaline) was assessed ( @entity3 :-388 [-99 - -677] and @entity9 :-326 [-227 - -573], P < 0.05 compared with placebo: 150 [449--240]). @entity9 also reduced the size of the @entity2 area (-58.4 [-21.2 - -176.1], < 0.05) as compared with placebo (-0.4 [70.6 - -13.4]). The frequency of @entity2 was also lower when @entity9 was given (3/13, P < 0.05) vs. placebo (9/14). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that experimental @entity4 induced in @entity0 by electrical stimulation and infusion of hypertonic saline is sensitive to pharmacological modulation similar to preclinical animal tests and clinical trials. The data suggest that these models can be valuable tools in analgesic drug development.

title: Pharmacological modulation of experimental phasic and tonic XXXX by @entity7 , @entity3 and @entity9 in healthy volunteers.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is a major clinical problem but the underlying mechanisms and its pharmacological modulation need further investigation. This study on 15 volunteers evaluates if two experimental @entity4 models are sensitive to micro -receptor agonists and to an @entity6 ( @entity1 )-receptor antagonist. METHODS: In the left tibialis anterior, intramuscular electrical (IMES) @entity2 thresholds were determined for single (SPTmuscle) and five (RPTmuscle) repeated stimuli. Also @entity2 to suprathreshold stimulation at 150% of RPTmuscle, 10 s, was assessed on a visual analog scale (VAS) as AUCimes (area under the VAS curve). In the right TA muscle, @entity2 intensity on infusion of 0.5 ml of hypertonic saline, 5% (AUCsaline) and @entity2 distribution indicated as local and referred were evaluated. @entity2 variables were assessed before, during and after intravenous infusions of @entity7 (10 microg x kg-1 @entity5 , 10 min), @entity3 (target-controlled infusion, plasma concentration; 60 ng ml-1, 60 min) and @entity9 (10 microg x kg-1 @entity5 , 60 min). All data were normalized to baseline @entity2 values (before drug infusions were initiated) and compared with placebo ( @entity8 , 2 microg x kg-1 @entity5 , 10 min). RESULTS: SPTmuscle increased (log mean values +/- SD, mA) with @entity7 (0.11 +/- 0.17, P < 0.05), @entity3 (0.28 +/- 0.24, P < 0.001) and @entity9 (0.19 +/- 0.18, P < 0.01) as compared with placebo (-0.03 +/- 0.12). @entity3 and @entity9 also increased RPTmuscle (0.25 +/- 0.21, P < 0.01 and 0.21 +/- 0.19, P < 0.05, respectively) as compared with placebo (0.00 +/- 0.17). @entity2 to IMES (AUCimes) was reduced (median values [25th-75th percentiles], cm x s) by @entity3 and @entity9 (-19.7 [-14.6 - -29.6] and-12.8 [-8.3 - -27.8], P < 0.05, respectively) vs. placebo (-0.8 [1.6 - -12.3]). Similar drug effects were seen when @entity2 to infusion of hypertonic saline (AUCsaline) was assessed ( @entity3 :-388 [-99 - -677] and @entity9 :-326 [-227 - -573], P < 0.05 compared with placebo: 150 [449--240]). @entity9 also reduced the size of the @entity2 area (-58.4 [-21.2 - -176.1], < 0.05) as compared with placebo (-0.4 [70.6 - -13.4]). The frequency of @entity2 was also lower when @entity9 was given (3/13, P < 0.05) vs. placebo (9/14). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that experimental @entity4 induced in @entity0 by electrical stimulation and infusion of hypertonic saline is sensitive to pharmacological modulation similar to preclinical animal tests and clinical trials. The data suggest that these models can be valuable tools in analgesic drug development.

title: Pharmacological modulation of experimental phasic and tonic @entity4 by @entity7 , @entity3 and XXXX in healthy volunteers.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is a major clinical problem but the underlying mechanisms and its pharmacological modulation need further investigation. This study on 15 volunteers evaluates if two experimental @entity4 models are sensitive to micro -receptor agonists and to an @entity6 ( @entity1 )-receptor antagonist. METHODS: In the left tibialis anterior, intramuscular electrical (IMES) @entity2 thresholds were determined for single (SPTmuscle) and five (RPTmuscle) repeated stimuli. Also @entity2 to suprathreshold stimulation at 150% of RPTmuscle, 10 s, was assessed on a visual analog scale (VAS) as AUCimes (area under the VAS curve). In the right TA muscle, @entity2 intensity on infusion of 0.5 ml of hypertonic saline, 5% (AUCsaline) and @entity2 distribution indicated as local and referred were evaluated. @entity2 variables were assessed before, during and after intravenous infusions of @entity7 (10 microg x kg-1 @entity5 , 10 min), @entity3 (target-controlled infusion, plasma concentration; 60 ng ml-1, 60 min) and @entity9 (10 microg x kg-1 @entity5 , 60 min). All data were normalized to baseline @entity2 values (before drug infusions were initiated) and compared with placebo ( @entity8 , 2 microg x kg-1 @entity5 , 10 min). RESULTS: SPTmuscle increased (log mean values +/- SD, mA) with @entity7 (0.11 +/- 0.17, P < 0.05), @entity3 (0.28 +/- 0.24, P < 0.001) and @entity9 (0.19 +/- 0.18, P < 0.01) as compared with placebo (-0.03 +/- 0.12). @entity3 and @entity9 also increased RPTmuscle (0.25 +/- 0.21, P < 0.01 and 0.21 +/- 0.19, P < 0.05, respectively) as compared with placebo (0.00 +/- 0.17). @entity2 to IMES (AUCimes) was reduced (median values [25th-75th percentiles], cm x s) by @entity3 and @entity9 (-19.7 [-14.6 - -29.6] and-12.8 [-8.3 - -27.8], P < 0.05, respectively) vs. placebo (-0.8 [1.6 - -12.3]). Similar drug effects were seen when @entity2 to infusion of hypertonic saline (AUCsaline) was assessed ( @entity3 :-388 [-99 - -677] and @entity9 :-326 [-227 - -573], P < 0.05 compared with placebo: 150 [449--240]). @entity9 also reduced the size of the @entity2 area (-58.4 [-21.2 - -176.1], < 0.05) as compared with placebo (-0.4 [70.6 - -13.4]). The frequency of @entity2 was also lower when @entity9 was given (3/13, P < 0.05) vs. placebo (9/14). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates that experimental @entity4 induced in @entity0 by electrical stimulation and infusion of hypertonic saline is sensitive to pharmacological modulation similar to preclinical animal tests and clinical trials. The data suggest that these models can be valuable tools in analgesic drug development.

title: Pharmacological modulation of experimental phasic and tonic @entity4 by XXXX , @entity3 and @entity9 in healthy volunteers.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 often persists despite pharmacotherapy in @entity2 and represents an obstacle to its full remission. This study aimed to investigate the added value of brief behavioral therapy for @entity1 over treatment as usual ( @entity4 ) for @entity2 and @entity1 . METHOD: Thirty-seven outpatients (mean age of 50.5 years) were randomly assigned to @entity4 alone or @entity4 plus brief behavioral therapy for @entity1 , consisting of 4 weekly 1-hour individual sessions. The @entity1 Severity Index (ISI) scores (primary outcome), sleep parameters, and GRID-Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (GRID-HAMD) scores were assessed by blind raters and remission rates for both @entity2 were collected at 4- and 8-week follow-ups. The @entity0 were recruited from February 18, 2008, to April 9, 2009. RESULTS: Brief behavioral therapy for @entity1 plus @entity4 resulted in significantly lower ISI scores than @entity4 alone at 8 weeks (P < .0005). The sleep efficiency for the combination was also significantly better than that for @entity4 alone (P = .015). Significant differences were observed in favor of the combination group on both the @entity3 (P = .013) and the GRID-HAMD scores after removing the 3 sleep items (P = .008). The combination treatment produced higher rates of remission than @entity4 alone, both in terms of @entity1 (50% vs 0%), with a number needed to treat (NNT) of 2 (95% CI, 1-4), and in terms of @entity2 (50% vs 6%), with an NNT of 2 (95% CI, 1-5). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity2 and treatment @entity1 , adding brief behavioral therapy for @entity1 to usual clinical care produced statistically significant and clinically substantive added benefits. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00610259.

title: Brief behavioral therapy for refractory XXXX : an assessor-blind, randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The pontomesencephalic tegmentum (PMT) provides cholinergic input to the inferior colliculus (IC) and the @entity2 ( @entity2 ). PMT cells are often characterized as projecting to more than one target. The purpose of this study was to determine whether individual PMT cholinergic cells, (1) innervate the auditory pathways bilaterally via collateral projections to left and right auditory thalamus; or, (2) innervate multiple levels of the auditory pathways via collateral projections to the auditory thalamus and inferior colliculus. We used multiple retrograde tracers to identify individual PMT cells that project to more than one target. We combined the retrograde tracer studies with immunohistochemistry for @entity1 acetyltransferase to determine whether the projecting cells were cholinergic. We found that individual PMT cells send branching axonal projections to two or more auditory targets in the midbrain and thalamus. The collateral projection pattern that we observed most frequently was to the @entity0 . Cells projecting to both MGs were somewhat less common, followed by cells projecting to the contralateral IC and @entity0 . Both cholinergic and non-cholinergic cells contribute to each of these projection patterns. Less often, we found cells that project to one IC and both MGs; there was no evidence for non-cholinergic cells in this projection pattern. It is likely that collateral projections from PMT cells could have coordinated effects bilaterally and at multiple levels of the ascending auditory pathways.

title: Cholinergic cells in the tegmentum send branching projections to the inferior colliculus and the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnostic properties of @entity8 (PCT), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), total white blood cells count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and clinical evaluation to detect serious @entity9 (SBI) in @entity0 with @entity2 without source. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Paediatric emergency department of a tertiary care hospital. @entity0 : @entity0 aged 1-36 months with @entity2 and no identified source of @entity3 . INTERVENTION: Complete blood count, blood culture, urine analysis and culture. PCT and @entity7 were also measured and SBI probability evaluated clinically with a visual analogue scale before disclosing tests results. Outcome measure Area under the curves (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: Among the 328 @entity0 included in the study, 54 (16%) were diagnosed with an SBI: 48 @entity4 , 4 @entity1 , 1 @entity6 and 1 @entity5 . The AUC were similar for PCT (0.82; 95% CI 0.77 to 0.86), @entity7 (0.88; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.91), WBC (0.81; 95% CI 0.76 to 0.85) and ANC (0.80; 95% CI 0.75 to 0.84). The only statistically significant difference was between @entity7 and ANC (/\ AUC 0.08; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.16). It is important to note that all the surrogate markers were statistically superior to the clinical evaluation that had an AUC of only 0.59 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.65). CONCLUSION: The study data demonstrate that @entity7 , PCT, WBC and ANC had almost similar diagnostic properties and were superior to clinical evaluation in predicting SBI in @entity0 aged 1 month to 3 years.

title: Markers for XXXX in @entity0 with @entity2 without source.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnostic properties of @entity8 (PCT), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), total white blood cells count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and clinical evaluation to detect serious @entity9 (SBI) in @entity0 with @entity2 without source. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Paediatric emergency department of a tertiary care hospital. @entity0 : @entity0 aged 1-36 months with @entity2 and no identified source of @entity3 . INTERVENTION: Complete blood count, blood culture, urine analysis and culture. PCT and @entity7 were also measured and SBI probability evaluated clinically with a visual analogue scale before disclosing tests results. Outcome measure Area under the curves (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: Among the 328 @entity0 included in the study, 54 (16%) were diagnosed with an SBI: 48 @entity4 , 4 @entity1 , 1 @entity6 and 1 @entity5 . The AUC were similar for PCT (0.82; 95% CI 0.77 to 0.86), @entity7 (0.88; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.91), WBC (0.81; 95% CI 0.76 to 0.85) and ANC (0.80; 95% CI 0.75 to 0.84). The only statistically significant difference was between @entity7 and ANC (/\ AUC 0.08; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.16). It is important to note that all the surrogate markers were statistically superior to the clinical evaluation that had an AUC of only 0.59 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.65). CONCLUSION: The study data demonstrate that @entity7 , PCT, WBC and ANC had almost similar diagnostic properties and were superior to clinical evaluation in predicting SBI in @entity0 aged 1 month to 3 years.

title: Markers for @entity9 in @entity0 with XXXX without source.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the diagnostic properties of @entity8 (PCT), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), total white blood cells count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and clinical evaluation to detect serious @entity9 (SBI) in @entity0 with @entity2 without source. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Paediatric emergency department of a tertiary care hospital. @entity0 : @entity0 aged 1-36 months with @entity2 and no identified source of @entity3 . INTERVENTION: Complete blood count, blood culture, urine analysis and culture. PCT and @entity7 were also measured and SBI probability evaluated clinically with a visual analogue scale before disclosing tests results. Outcome measure Area under the curves (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: Among the 328 @entity0 included in the study, 54 (16%) were diagnosed with an SBI: 48 @entity4 , 4 @entity1 , 1 @entity6 and 1 @entity5 . The AUC were similar for PCT (0.82; 95% CI 0.77 to 0.86), @entity7 (0.88; 95% CI 0.84 to 0.91), WBC (0.81; 95% CI 0.76 to 0.85) and ANC (0.80; 95% CI 0.75 to 0.84). The only statistically significant difference was between @entity7 and ANC (/\ AUC 0.08; 95% CI 0.01 to 0.16). It is important to note that all the surrogate markers were statistically superior to the clinical evaluation that had an AUC of only 0.59 (95% CI 0.54 to 0.65). CONCLUSION: The study data demonstrate that @entity7 , PCT, WBC and ANC had almost similar diagnostic properties and were superior to clinical evaluation in predicting SBI in @entity0 aged 1 month to 3 years.

title: Markers for @entity9 in XXXX with @entity2 without source.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prognosis of @entity2 and disability. DATA SOURCES: EMBASE, CINAHL, Medline, AMED, PEDro, and CENTRAL were searched from inception to July 2009, limited to @entity0 studies. Reference lists of relevant systematic reviews were searched by hand. Search terms included: neck @entity1 , prognosis, inception, cohort, longitudinal, observational, or prospective study and randomized controlled trial. STUDY SELECTION: Eligible studies were longitudinal cohort studies and randomized controlled trials with a no treatment or minimal treatment arm that recruited an inception cohort of @entity2 and reported @entity1 or disability outcomes. Eligibility was determined by 2 authors independently. Seven of 20,085 references were included. DATA EXTRACTION: @entity1 and disability data were extracted independently by 2 authors. Risk of bias was assessed independently by 2 authors. DATA SYNTHESIS: Statistical pooling showed a weighted mean @entity1 score (0-100) of 64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 61-67) at onset and 35 (95% CI, 32-38) at 6.5 weeks. At 12 months, neck @entity1 severity remained high at 42 (95% CI, 39-45). Disability reduced from a pooled weighted mean score (0-100) at onset of 30 (95% CI, 28-32) to 17 (95% CI, 15-19) by 6.5 weeks, without further improvement at 12 months. Studies varied in length of follow-up, design, and sample size. CONCLUSIONS: This review provides Level I evidence that the prognosis of @entity2 is worse than currently recognized. This evidence can guide primary care clinicians when providing prognostic information to @entity0 . Further research to identify prognostic factors and long-term outcomes from inception cohorts would be valuable.

title: Prognosis of XXXX is poor: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: GOAL: To assess the natural history of @entity2 (SETs) of  <=30 mm in size and to determine their optimal management. BACKGROUND: Definitive guidelines have not been formulated for the management of small gastric SETs, owing to a lack of knowledge of their natural history and insufficient long-term follow-up. STUDY: We retrospectively reviewed the upper endoscopy and/or endoscopic ultrasound results of 989 @entity1 diagnosed as gastric SETs of  <=30 mm in size between July 1997 and October 2008 with a minimal follow-up of 3 months. A gastric SET was defined as a mass covered with normal appearing mucosa on upper endoscopy and a @entity1 located in the second, third, or fourth layer on endoscopic ultrasound. RESULTS: Of the 989 SETs in 948 @entity0 , 84 (8.5%) showed significant changes in size, and/or echogenicity, and/or morphology at a median 24 months (range, 3 to 123 mo). Estimated growth rates differed significantly by initial size (<10 mm, 0.14 mm/mo; 10 to 20 mm, 0.22 mm/mo; 20 to 30 mm, 0.31 mm/mo; P=0.003). Twenty-five @entity0 with @entity1 showing changes in size and/or echogenicity underwent surgical/endoscopic resection; of these, 19 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), of which 3 @entity0 were considered at high risk, 4 at intermediate risk, 10 at low risk, and 2 at very low risk. In a univariate analysis, @entity3 showed a significant change in @entity1 size during follow-up compared with other @entity1 (P=0.037). However, multivariate analysis did not show a statistical significance in size change between @entity3 and other @entity1 (hazard ratio 1.754; 95% CI, 0.575 to 5.291; P=0.326). CONCLUSIONS: Only 8.5% of gastric SETs of  <=30 mm in size showed significant changes at a median 24 months. SETs of 10 to 30 mm in size grew significantly more rapidly than SETs <10 mm.

title: Natural history of asymptomatic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Finding meaning in illness appears to give individuals purpose in life, which may motivate them to maintain a healthy lifestyle. Research to date has mainly used cross-sectional designs in the acute phase of recovery. This article describes a longitudinal exploratory study which explored @entity0 ' search for meaning in life across the first 5 years following @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Interviews were conducted between 2000 and 2007 on @entity0 with first @entity2 (n=70; mean=61.9 years; SD=12.1). The qualitative data underwent thematic analysis guided by the analysis framework of Burnard (1991). Finding meaning appeared to increase @entity0 ' awareness of their current holistic state of life, and to provide impetus for making lifestyle changes. In the immediate aftermath of @entity2 , @entity0 restructured and re-evaluated their attitudes towards self, life, religious beliefs and others. However, from the third year onwards, as time passed @entity0 lapsed in their behaviour, tending to become non-compliant with treatment and less aware or concerned about the risk of another @entity1 . Further education on the spiritual dimension in care may guide nurses and health professionals in order to promote @entity0 ' rehabilitation process and persevere with a long-term healthy lifestyle. Further longitudinal comparative research with mixed method approach on various groups of @entity0 is recommended to support these findings.

title: XXXX : a turning point in meaning in life over time.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of intravitreal inserts releasing 0.2  g/day (low dose) or 0.5  g/day (high dose) @entity5 (FA) in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). DESIGN: Two parallel, prospective, randomized, sham injection-controlled, double-masked, multicenter clinical trials. @entity0 : Subjects with persistent @entity4 despite at least 1 macular laser treatment were randomized 1:2:2 to sham injection (n = 185), low-dose insert (n = 375), or high-dose insert (n = 393). METHODS: Subjects received study drug or sham injection at baseline and after 6 weeks were eligible for rescue laser. Based on retreatment criteria, additional study drug or sham injections could be given after 1 year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the percentage of @entity0 with improvement from baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in Early Treatment @entity1 Trial (ETDRS) letter score of 15 or more at month 24. Secondary outcomes included other parameters of visual function and foveal thickness (FTH). RESULTS: The percentage of @entity0 with improvement from baseline ETDRS letter score of 15 or more at month 24 was 28.7 and 28.6 in the low- and high-dose insert groups, respectively, compared with 16.2 in the sham group (P = 0.002 for each). Benefit occurred for both doses compared with sham at 3 weeks and all subsequent time points. The mean improvement in BCVA letter score between baseline and month 24 was 4.4 and 5.4 in the low- and high-dose groups, respectively, compared with 1.7 in the sham group (P = 0.02 and P = 0.016). At all time points compared with sham, there was significantly more improvement in FTH. Subjects requiring @entity2 surgery were more frequent in the insert groups, and their visual benefit was similar to that of subjects who were pseudophakic at baseline. @entity3 requiring incisional surgery occurred in 3.7%, 7.6%, and 0.5% of the low-dose, high-dose, and sham groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both low- and high-dose FA inserts significantly improved BCVA in @entity0 with @entity4 over 2 years, and the risk-to-benefit ratio was superior for the low-dose insert. This is the first pharmacologic treatment that can be administered by an outpatient injection to provide substantial benefit in @entity0 with @entity4 for at least 2 years.

title: Long-term benefit of sustained-delivery @entity5 vitreous inserts for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of intravitreal inserts releasing 0.2  g/day (low dose) or 0.5  g/day (high dose) @entity5 (FA) in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). DESIGN: Two parallel, prospective, randomized, sham injection-controlled, double-masked, multicenter clinical trials. @entity0 : Subjects with persistent @entity4 despite at least 1 macular laser treatment were randomized 1:2:2 to sham injection (n = 185), low-dose insert (n = 375), or high-dose insert (n = 393). METHODS: Subjects received study drug or sham injection at baseline and after 6 weeks were eligible for rescue laser. Based on retreatment criteria, additional study drug or sham injections could be given after 1 year. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome was the percentage of @entity0 with improvement from baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in Early Treatment @entity1 Trial (ETDRS) letter score of 15 or more at month 24. Secondary outcomes included other parameters of visual function and foveal thickness (FTH). RESULTS: The percentage of @entity0 with improvement from baseline ETDRS letter score of 15 or more at month 24 was 28.7 and 28.6 in the low- and high-dose insert groups, respectively, compared with 16.2 in the sham group (P = 0.002 for each). Benefit occurred for both doses compared with sham at 3 weeks and all subsequent time points. The mean improvement in BCVA letter score between baseline and month 24 was 4.4 and 5.4 in the low- and high-dose groups, respectively, compared with 1.7 in the sham group (P = 0.02 and P = 0.016). At all time points compared with sham, there was significantly more improvement in FTH. Subjects requiring @entity2 surgery were more frequent in the insert groups, and their visual benefit was similar to that of subjects who were pseudophakic at baseline. @entity3 requiring incisional surgery occurred in 3.7%, 7.6%, and 0.5% of the low-dose, high-dose, and sham groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Both low- and high-dose FA inserts significantly improved BCVA in @entity0 with @entity4 over 2 years, and the risk-to-benefit ratio was superior for the low-dose insert. This is the first pharmacologic treatment that can be administered by an outpatient injection to provide substantial benefit in @entity0 with @entity4 for at least 2 years.

title: Long-term benefit of sustained-delivery XXXX vitreous inserts for @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Going abroad is considered to be a risk for acute complications in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Our objective was to describe the risk in our cohort of adult @entity6 @entity0 . Complications occurring during a trip were recorded from adults with @entity6 seen at a routine visit in a referral centre and during hospitalizations for acute complications. One hundred and eight @entity0 participated; mean age=26.8 (   SD 7.3; range 18-56) years. Eighty-two @entity0 travelled in the previous year, half of them in Africa. Among @entity0 going to endemic areas, 68% of @entity0 received chemoprophylaxis against @entity3 . Health problems occurred in 53 (65%) travellers: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) (68%), fever (19%), @entity2 (19%), broncho-pulmonary symptoms (11%), @entity1 (8%), @entity4 (6%), and cutaneous wound (4%). Sixteen @entity0 required hospitalization; no specific infection was diagnosed. The prevalence of @entity5 during the trip was higher than the frequency of @entity5 during the year before. @entity0 who developed severe complications were not the most symptomatic @entity0 from @entity6 . Our study showed that going abroad is associated with a large number of acute complications in adults with @entity6 . Complications were mostly @entity5 , and severity was unpredictable. Prevention should be improved.

title: The risk of going abroad in XXXX : a study of 148 adults.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity4 for Fish   ( @entity4 , OTC) is one of three approved drugs for therapeutic treatment of fish in the United States. Nothing is known, however, of the effects of this therapeutic on drug metabolizing enzymes in fish post-treatment. The main purpose of the study was to examine whether the fish CYP1A and @entity3 enzymes would cross-react with antibodies to known @entity0 @entity6 forms ( @entity1 and @entity3 ). Observational feeding studies of OTC effects were conducted in hybrid @entity7 , @entity2 and @entity5 . @entity4 was mixed into the feed to achieve a daily dose of 82.8 mg per kg body weight at a feeding rate of 1% body weight per day. Hepatic microsomes of each fish were prepared and Western blotting of @entity1 and CYP3A4 and enzyme assays of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 were performed prior to OTC treatment and on post-treatment days 1, 6, 11 and 21. Both goat anti-rat @entity1 and rabbit anti-human CYP3A4 showed good cross-reactivity with all three species in this study. All three species exhibited distinct perturbations in one or more of the variables examined on day 1 post-treatment. Immediately following the 10-day medication period, relative liver weight (RLW) of hybrid @entity7 was increased 44% and remained elevated through post-treatment day 21. Increased CYP3A4 enzyme activity and protein abundance were noted in @entity2 and @entity5 , respectively. This observational approach demonstrated species differences both in control activities and in the timing and extent of hepatic responses to OTC. The unique perturbations of hepatic CYP450 enzymes in different fish species to OTC treatment observed in this study may have relevance for the use of additional antibiotics or other therapeutics used in aquaculture.

title: Cross-sectional study of hepatic CYP1A and XXXX enzymes in hybrid @entity7 , @entity2 and @entity5 following @entity4 treatment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 for Fish   ( @entity4 , OTC) is one of three approved drugs for therapeutic treatment of fish in the United States. Nothing is known, however, of the effects of this therapeutic on drug metabolizing enzymes in fish post-treatment. The main purpose of the study was to examine whether the fish CYP1A and @entity3 enzymes would cross-react with antibodies to known @entity0 @entity6 forms ( @entity1 and @entity3 ). Observational feeding studies of OTC effects were conducted in hybrid @entity7 , @entity2 and @entity5 . @entity4 was mixed into the feed to achieve a daily dose of 82.8 mg per kg body weight at a feeding rate of 1% body weight per day. Hepatic microsomes of each fish were prepared and Western blotting of @entity1 and CYP3A4 and enzyme assays of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 were performed prior to OTC treatment and on post-treatment days 1, 6, 11 and 21. Both goat anti-rat @entity1 and rabbit anti-human CYP3A4 showed good cross-reactivity with all three species in this study. All three species exhibited distinct perturbations in one or more of the variables examined on day 1 post-treatment. Immediately following the 10-day medication period, relative liver weight (RLW) of hybrid @entity7 was increased 44% and remained elevated through post-treatment day 21. Increased CYP3A4 enzyme activity and protein abundance were noted in @entity2 and @entity5 , respectively. This observational approach demonstrated species differences both in control activities and in the timing and extent of hepatic responses to OTC. The unique perturbations of hepatic CYP450 enzymes in different fish species to OTC treatment observed in this study may have relevance for the use of additional antibiotics or other therapeutics used in aquaculture.

title: Cross-sectional study of hepatic CYP1A and @entity3 enzymes in hybrid @entity7 , @entity2 and @entity5 following XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 for Fish   ( @entity4 , OTC) is one of three approved drugs for therapeutic treatment of fish in the United States. Nothing is known, however, of the effects of this therapeutic on drug metabolizing enzymes in fish post-treatment. The main purpose of the study was to examine whether the fish CYP1A and @entity3 enzymes would cross-react with antibodies to known @entity0 @entity6 forms ( @entity1 and @entity3 ). Observational feeding studies of OTC effects were conducted in hybrid @entity7 , @entity2 and @entity5 . @entity4 was mixed into the feed to achieve a daily dose of 82.8 mg per kg body weight at a feeding rate of 1% body weight per day. Hepatic microsomes of each fish were prepared and Western blotting of @entity1 and CYP3A4 and enzyme assays of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 were performed prior to OTC treatment and on post-treatment days 1, 6, 11 and 21. Both goat anti-rat @entity1 and rabbit anti-human CYP3A4 showed good cross-reactivity with all three species in this study. All three species exhibited distinct perturbations in one or more of the variables examined on day 1 post-treatment. Immediately following the 10-day medication period, relative liver weight (RLW) of hybrid @entity7 was increased 44% and remained elevated through post-treatment day 21. Increased CYP3A4 enzyme activity and protein abundance were noted in @entity2 and @entity5 , respectively. This observational approach demonstrated species differences both in control activities and in the timing and extent of hepatic responses to OTC. The unique perturbations of hepatic CYP450 enzymes in different fish species to OTC treatment observed in this study may have relevance for the use of additional antibiotics or other therapeutics used in aquaculture.

title: Cross-sectional study of hepatic CYP1A and @entity3 enzymes in hybrid XXXX , @entity2 and @entity5 following @entity4 treatment.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity4 for Fish   ( @entity4 , OTC) is one of three approved drugs for therapeutic treatment of fish in the United States. Nothing is known, however, of the effects of this therapeutic on drug metabolizing enzymes in fish post-treatment. The main purpose of the study was to examine whether the fish CYP1A and @entity3 enzymes would cross-react with antibodies to known @entity0 @entity6 forms ( @entity1 and @entity3 ). Observational feeding studies of OTC effects were conducted in hybrid @entity7 , @entity2 and @entity5 . @entity4 was mixed into the feed to achieve a daily dose of 82.8 mg per kg body weight at a feeding rate of 1% body weight per day. Hepatic microsomes of each fish were prepared and Western blotting of @entity1 and CYP3A4 and enzyme assays of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 were performed prior to OTC treatment and on post-treatment days 1, 6, 11 and 21. Both goat anti-rat @entity1 and rabbit anti-human CYP3A4 showed good cross-reactivity with all three species in this study. All three species exhibited distinct perturbations in one or more of the variables examined on day 1 post-treatment. Immediately following the 10-day medication period, relative liver weight (RLW) of hybrid @entity7 was increased 44% and remained elevated through post-treatment day 21. Increased CYP3A4 enzyme activity and protein abundance were noted in @entity2 and @entity5 , respectively. This observational approach demonstrated species differences both in control activities and in the timing and extent of hepatic responses to OTC. The unique perturbations of hepatic CYP450 enzymes in different fish species to OTC treatment observed in this study may have relevance for the use of additional antibiotics or other therapeutics used in aquaculture.

title: Cross-sectional study of hepatic CYP1A and @entity3 enzymes in hybrid @entity7 , @entity2 and XXXX following @entity4 treatment.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity4 for Fish   ( @entity4 , OTC) is one of three approved drugs for therapeutic treatment of fish in the United States. Nothing is known, however, of the effects of this therapeutic on drug metabolizing enzymes in fish post-treatment. The main purpose of the study was to examine whether the fish CYP1A and @entity3 enzymes would cross-react with antibodies to known @entity0 @entity6 forms ( @entity1 and @entity3 ). Observational feeding studies of OTC effects were conducted in hybrid @entity7 , @entity2 and @entity5 . @entity4 was mixed into the feed to achieve a daily dose of 82.8 mg per kg body weight at a feeding rate of 1% body weight per day. Hepatic microsomes of each fish were prepared and Western blotting of @entity1 and CYP3A4 and enzyme assays of CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 were performed prior to OTC treatment and on post-treatment days 1, 6, 11 and 21. Both goat anti-rat @entity1 and rabbit anti-human CYP3A4 showed good cross-reactivity with all three species in this study. All three species exhibited distinct perturbations in one or more of the variables examined on day 1 post-treatment. Immediately following the 10-day medication period, relative liver weight (RLW) of hybrid @entity7 was increased 44% and remained elevated through post-treatment day 21. Increased CYP3A4 enzyme activity and protein abundance were noted in @entity2 and @entity5 , respectively. This observational approach demonstrated species differences both in control activities and in the timing and extent of hepatic responses to OTC. The unique perturbations of hepatic CYP450 enzymes in different fish species to OTC treatment observed in this study may have relevance for the use of additional antibiotics or other therapeutics used in aquaculture.

title: Cross-sectional study of hepatic CYP1A and @entity3 enzymes in hybrid @entity7 , XXXX and @entity5 following @entity4 treatment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe crowding can be treated with serial extraction (SE) in the mixed dentition or with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in the permanent dentition. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of orthodontic treatment in SE @entity0 and @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: Retrospective chart review identified 51 SE @entity0 and 49 @entity1 @entity0 treated with fixed appliances. Number of appointments, length of time, and estimated total chair time were determined prior to the placement of fixed appliances and during fixed appliance treatment. Peer assessment rating (PAR) scores were obtained at T1 (start of fixed appliances) and T2 (removal of fixed appliances) for both groups, and at T0 (prior to extraction of the first premolars) for the SE group. RESULTS: The mean T1 PAR score for SE @entity0 was significantly lower than @entity1 @entity0 (P  <0.001); mean T2 PAR scores were not significantly different (P  = 0.27). Active treatment time (T1 to T2) was significantly (P  <0.001) less for SE @entity0 than @entity1 @entity0 . Total time (T0 to T2) and total number of appointments were significantly greater for the SE group compared with the LPEgroup (P  <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: SE and LPEresulted in similar final occlusal outcomes. SEs might reduce active treatment time, but significant observation time precedes active treatment.

title: Efficiency of serial extraction and XXXX cases treated with fixed appliances.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the effects of a new aromatherapy intervention introduced within an acute @entity1 care setting in the UK. BACKGROUND: Aromatherapy is a popular complementary therapy within oncology settings and is known to help relieve @entity0 ' @entity3 . A new method of delivering aromatherapy to @entity0 was adopted by a complementary therapy service at a UK hospital; aromasticks are similar in design to the Vicks   Vapour Inhaler  , with the intention of helping @entity0 manage @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity2 . DESIGN: A retrospective service evaluation. METHOD: @entity0 referred to the complementary therapy service were, if appropriate, offered an aromastick. If the offer was accepted @entity0 ' details were captured on an evaluation form. One week later the @entity0 were followed up by a different therapist. Frequency of using the aromastick and perceived benefits were documented. A total of 160 @entity0 were included in this evaluation. RESULTS: 77% (n = 123) of all @entity0 reported deriving at least one benefit from the aromastick. In anxious @entity0 , 65% reported feeling more relaxed and 51% felt less stress. 47% of nauseous @entity0 said that the aromastick had settled their @entity4 and 55% of those experiencing @entity2 felt that aromastick helped them sleep. The results also suggest that the effects of the aromastick may be directly proportional to the frequency of their use. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Evidence demonstrating physiological changes associated with aroma inhalation plus the data presented in this paper highlight the potential for aromasticks within the clinical setting. Although the results of this evaluation of @entity0 perspectives are not controlled, the data does underline the worth of further investigation. Future research is needed to show that aromasticks represent a tool @entity0 can use to self-manage their own symptoms and help them retain an internal locus of control.

title: Aromasticks in XXXX care: an innovation not to be sniffed at.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is well established that @entity2 is associated with @entity1 , but whether these are static or progress over time remains controversial. METHODS: A systematic review of longitudinal volumetric studies using region-of-interest structural magnetic resonance imaging in @entity0 with @entity2 and healthy control subjects. The percentage change in volume between scans for each brain region of interest was obtained, and data were combined using random effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-seven studies were included in the meta-analysis, with 928 @entity0 and 867 control subjects, and 32 different brain regions of interest. Subjects with @entity2 showed significantly greater decreases over time in whole brain volume, whole brain gray matter, frontal gray and white matter, parietal white matter, and temporal white matter volume, as well as larger increases in lateral ventricular volume, than healthy control subjects. The time between baseline and follow-up magnetic resonance imaging scans ranged from 1 to 10 years. The differences between @entity0 and control subjects in annualized percentage volume change were -.07% for whole brain volume, -.59% for whole brain gray matter, -.32% for frontal white matter, -.32% for parietal white matter, -.39% for temporal white matter, and +.36% for bilateral lateral ventricles. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity2 is associated with progressive @entity1 , affecting both gray and white matter. We found no evidence to suggest progressive medial temporal lobe involvement but did find evidence that this may be partly explained by heterogeneity between studies in @entity0 age and illness duration. The causes and clinical correlates of these progressive brain changes should now be the focus of investigation.

title: Are there progressive brain changes in XXXX ? A meta-analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging studies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The symptoms of @entity1 in old @entity0 differ from those in younger @entity0 . Therefore, these @entity2 may be misinterpreted as symptoms of other "typical" diseases in old @entity0 . In an old @entity0 's home, we assessed whether a standardized questionnaire is able to reveal undiagnosed @entity1 in the elderly. Reported sudden falls, @entity3 , and cramps were the criteria for further diagnostic procedures. We found @entity1 in 11 of 389 study @entity0 . In four of them (1% of the total sample), the @entity1 was newly diagnosed; five more cases remained unclear. Therefore, the total number of @entity1 @entity0 might have been even higher. Most of the reported @entity4 (89%) were due to internal medical or other neurological or orthopaedic causes. Once these have been excluded, the diagnosis of @entity1 should be considered. The results of our pilot study suggest that @entity1 in old @entity0 's homes is often unrecognised. Early diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 in the elderly is important to improve prognosis and social consequences for affected @entity0 .

title: [Is XXXX in the elderly overlooked? An investigation in a home for the aged].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors hypothesized that in @entity0 with @entity3 with normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (HFNEF), the same fibrotic processes that affect the subendocardial layer of the left ventricle could also alter the subendocardial fibers of the left atrium. Consequently, these fibrotic alterations, together with chronically elevated LV filling pressures, would lead to both @entity2 of the left atrium (i.e., @entity2 and diastolic function) in @entity0 with HFNEF. METHODS: @entity0 with HFNEF and a control group consisting of asymptomatic @entity0 with LV @entity1 (LVDD) matched by age, gender, and LV ejection fraction were studied using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. RESULTS: A total of 420 @entity0 were included (119 with HFNEF and 301 with asymptomatic LVDD). @entity5 (LA late diastolic strain rate) and diastolic (LA systolic strain and strain rate) function was significantly more impaired in @entity0 with HFNEF (LA late diastolic strain rate, -1.17    0.63 s(-1); LA systolic strain, 19.9    7.3%; LA systolic strain rate, 1.17    0.46 s(-1)) compared with those with asymptomatic LVDD (-1.80    0.70 s(-1), 30.8    11.4%, and 1.67    0.59 s(-1), respectively) (all P values < .0001). On multiple regression analysis, @entity4 and diastolic strain rate were the most important independent predictors of @entity5 and diastolic function, in contrast to noninvasive LV filling pressures (i.e., mitral E/e' average septal-lateral ratio), which were modestly related to @entity5 and diastolic function. Furthermore, in @entity0 with HFNEF, the subendocardial function of both the left atrium and the left ventricle was significantly impaired in high proportions. In that regard, in @entity0 with HFNEF, the rate of @entity2 was 65.5% and 28.5%, whereas the prevalence of @entity4 was 81.5% and 58%, respectively. In addition, @entity0 with both @entity2 of the left atrium presented worse NYHA functional class as compared with those with normal LA longitudinal function. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity4 is common and possibly associated with the same fibrotic processes that affect the subendocardial fibers of the left ventricle and to a lesser extent with elevated LV filling pressures. Furthermore, these findings suggest that @entity2 could be related to reduced functional capacity during effort in @entity0 with HFNEF.

title: @entity4 in XXXX with normal left ventricular ejection fraction.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors hypothesized that in @entity0 with @entity3 with normal left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (HFNEF), the same fibrotic processes that affect the subendocardial layer of the left ventricle could also alter the subendocardial fibers of the left atrium. Consequently, these fibrotic alterations, together with chronically elevated LV filling pressures, would lead to both @entity2 of the left atrium (i.e., @entity2 and diastolic function) in @entity0 with HFNEF. METHODS: @entity0 with HFNEF and a control group consisting of asymptomatic @entity0 with LV @entity1 (LVDD) matched by age, gender, and LV ejection fraction were studied using two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography. RESULTS: A total of 420 @entity0 were included (119 with HFNEF and 301 with asymptomatic LVDD). @entity5 (LA late diastolic strain rate) and diastolic (LA systolic strain and strain rate) function was significantly more impaired in @entity0 with HFNEF (LA late diastolic strain rate, -1.17    0.63 s(-1); LA systolic strain, 19.9    7.3%; LA systolic strain rate, 1.17    0.46 s(-1)) compared with those with asymptomatic LVDD (-1.80    0.70 s(-1), 30.8    11.4%, and 1.67    0.59 s(-1), respectively) (all P values < .0001). On multiple regression analysis, @entity4 and diastolic strain rate were the most important independent predictors of @entity5 and diastolic function, in contrast to noninvasive LV filling pressures (i.e., mitral E/e' average septal-lateral ratio), which were modestly related to @entity5 and diastolic function. Furthermore, in @entity0 with HFNEF, the subendocardial function of both the left atrium and the left ventricle was significantly impaired in high proportions. In that regard, in @entity0 with HFNEF, the rate of @entity2 was 65.5% and 28.5%, whereas the prevalence of @entity4 was 81.5% and 58%, respectively. In addition, @entity0 with both @entity2 of the left atrium presented worse NYHA functional class as compared with those with normal LA longitudinal function. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity4 is common and possibly associated with the same fibrotic processes that affect the subendocardial fibers of the left ventricle and to a lesser extent with elevated LV filling pressures. Furthermore, these findings suggest that @entity2 could be related to reduced functional capacity during effort in @entity0 with HFNEF.

title: XXXX in @entity3 with normal left ventricular ejection fraction.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical features, management and prognostic factors associated with adverse clinical outcome in a series of @entity0 with acute community-acquired @entity8 admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). DESIGN AND SETTING: Descriptive, prospective study at two ICUs of a university hospital over a 6-year period. @entity0 : Sixty-four episodes in 62 adults with acute community-acquired @entity8 admitted to the ICU. RESULTS: Most of the @entity0 (95.3%) were admitted to the ICU presenting with @entity6 (the median value of Glasgow @entity5 Scale (GCS) was 11). Overall mortality rate was 10.9% (7 @entity0 ) and 11 (17.1%) developed adverse clinical outcome ( @entity2 or severe @entity1 ). The features associated with adverse clinical outcome were: age over 50 years, @entity3 or focal neurologic signs at admission, a GCS score of 10 or less and an APACHE II score more than 13 at admission to the ICU. Only the severity of the disease determined according to the APACHE II scale was independently associated with adverse clinical outcome after a multivariate analysis was performed (adjusted odds ratio =8.74; 95% CI =1.70-44.77; p=0.009). All @entity0 were empirically treated with third-generation cephalosporins and @entity4 was used in 40 cases (62.5%). Ten @entity0 (15.6%) received @entity7 , nine of them after a transcranial Doppler sonography recording had been performed. CONCLUSIONS: In adult @entity0 with acute community-acquired @entity8 admitted to the ICU, the overall severity of the disease within 24 h of admission may be the major indicator of adverse in-hospital clinical outcome.

title: Acute community-acquired XXXX in adults admitted to the intensive care unit: clinical manifestations, management and prognostic factors.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Non-complementing diploids (Ncd) displaying the parental phenotype can be selected from @entity0 ( @entity1 )-treated fused polyauxotrophic protoplasts of @entity2 . These bacteria carry the two parental genomes, but only one of them is phenotypically expressed, the other being replicated but not expressed. Cellular cloning and DNA-DNA in situ hybridization led to the discovery of non-complementing diploid cells which at first sight could have been considered as parental haploids. The new class of stabilized Ncd (10(-7) segregants) can be obtained either directly after the primary fusion event or from segregating Ncd after further growth. The totally inactive chromosome of a stable Ncd can be activated after @entity1 -induced self fusion. DNA-mediated transformation studies using crude stable Ncd lysates as DNA donors show low frequencies for the genetic markers from the 'silent' chromosome. Contrary to the unstable Ncd situation, however, these frequencies remain low even with purified donor DNA. The differences in the transformation properties of the non-expressed markers are correlated to Ncd clone stability. These facts suggest that chromosome inactivation in @entity1 -induced fusion involves at least a two-stage process. The first would be reversible and the second irreversible, thus preserving the inactive chromosome state.

title: Stabilized non-complementing diploids (Ncd) from fused protoplast products of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is one of the main drugs to treat @entity6 . @entity6 can lead to high morbidity, mortality, and costs of treatment in the world. In this study, an analysis was conducted using the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) database on the adverse events of @entity5 . OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to explore unknown associations among the adverse events of @entity5 , @entity0 demographics and adverse event outcomes. METHODS: A search of FDA AERS reports was performed and some statistics was highlighted. The most frequent adverse events and event outcomes of @entity5 were listed, age and gender specific distribution of adverse events are reported, then the apriori algorithm was applied to the dataset to obtain some association rules and objective measures were used to select interesting ones. Furthermore, the results were compared against classical data mining algorithms and discussed. RESULTS: The search resulted in 6 531 reports. The reports included within the dataset consist of 3 585 (55.8%) female and 2 884 (44.1%) male @entity0 . The mean age of @entity0 is 54.59 years. Preschool @entity0 , middle aged and aged groups have most adverse events reports in all groups. Pyrexia has the highest frequency with @entity5 , followed by @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity2 in this order and the most frequent adverse event outcome is hospitalization. Age and gender based differences in the events in @entity0 were found. In addition, some of the interesting associations obtained from the Apriori algorithm include not only @entity1 but specifically their manifestation in specific gender groups. CONCLUSIONS: The FDA AERS offers an important data resource to identify new or unknown adverse events of drugs in the biomedical domain. The results that were obtained in this study can provide valuable information for medical researchers and decision makers at the pharmaceutical research field.

title: Association Patterns in Open Data to Explore XXXX Adverse Events.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In a study of the factors surrounding the development of @entity1 clinical data and serial radiographs were analysed in 74 @entity0 and @entity0 (66 @entity0 and eight @entity0 ) without duplex kidney or obstruction. The development of new scars was seen radiologically in 87 kidneys (74 previously normal and 13 previously scarred). New @entity3 was extensive in 16 kidneys. Thirty four @entity0 were aged 5 or over when @entity3 occurred. @entity2 occurred in all the @entity0 . Diagnosis and effective treatment were delayed in 45 of them; 58 suffered further urinary infections between the baseline intravenous urogram and the first showing new @entity3 . @entity4 was seen in 67 of the @entity0 . Investigation and treatment varied widely, and few @entity0 received long term prophylaxis. Social problems interfered with the management of 22 @entity0 . Early diagnosis, prompt effective treatment, investigation, and long term supervision of @entity0 with @entity2 are essential if renal @entity3 is to be reduced; those over the age of 5 are still vulnerable.

title: Development of new XXXX : a collaborative study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A murine monoclonal antibody (anti-BL7) was raised by immunization of BALB/c @entity1 with a precursor B-cell line (Josh-7) which detects a heat-stable, nonimmunoprecipitable antigen. The expression of BL7 was investigated in peripheral blood and/or @entity2 cell suspensions stained by indirect immunofluorescence and analyzed by flow cytometry. Lymphoblasts from 43 of 43 cases of "null" @entity3 were BL7-. Five cases of @entity3 and 5 cases of @entity7 were also BL7-. All 63 cases of @entity4 were BL7+. Neoplastic cells in 22 of 28 cases of @entity8 in @entity6 phase were also BL7+. Expression of BL7 showed some correlation with Rappaport's histological classification. Four cases of @entity5 and @entity10 were BL7-. Twenty-three cases of @entity9 were also analyzed. Of these, only the acute promyelocytic (M3,4 cases) and acute myelomonocytic (M4, one case) varieties expressed BL7 on a small proportion (approximately 15%) of the @entity6 cells. All other subgroups were BL7-. The reactivity of anti-BL7 was compared to other B-cell antibodies on selected samples and was shown to be different from B1, B2, and the BA antibodies. Anti-BL7 is a unique monoclonal antibody useful in the study of @entity0 .

title: Distribution of a new B-cell-associated surface antigen (BL7) detected by a monoclonal antibody in human XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to develop a reliable and easy-to-use @entity3 ( @entity3 ) to predict lymph-node @entity1 (LNM) and determine the feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection for mucosa-confined @entity6 ( @entity6 ). BACKGROUND: Fewer LNM and better survival rates have been reported for early gastric @entity6 compared with other undifferentiated early @entity4 (EGCs). METHODS: Data from 1544 @entity0 with mucosa-confined @entity6 were reviewed. Stepwise logistic regression analysis determined the independent predictors of LNM. Risk scores were based on the final predictive factors for LNM, and performance was internally validated using a split-sample approach. External validation was also performed in an independent dataset (n = 208) to assess the discriminatory power of the @entity3 . RESULTS: The overall LNM incidence was 3.8% (57/1544). Three risk factors ( @entity2 size >= 1.7cm, @entity2 of elevated type, and @entity5 ) were significantly associated with LNM. These factors were incorporated into the @entity3 , and were assigned scores ranging from 0 to 4. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for predicting LNM after internal and external validation was 0.68 (95% confidence interval, 0.0793-0.2865) and 0.686 (95% confidence interval, 0.618-0.748), respectively. A score of 2 points was the optimal cut-off value for LNM prediction, and the overall diagnostic accuracy was 96%. LNM were found in 2.9% and 23.8% of the low and high-risk groups of the @entity3 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A @entity3 may help to predict LNM and evaluate endoscopic submucosal dissection feasibility in @entity0 with intramucosal SRC.

title: A Risk-prediction Model Based on Lymph-node @entity1 for Incorporation Into a Treatment Algorithm for Signet Ring Cell-type Intramucosal XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to develop a reliable and easy-to-use @entity3 ( @entity3 ) to predict lymph-node @entity1 (LNM) and determine the feasibility of endoscopic submucosal dissection for mucosa-confined @entity6 ( @entity6 ). BACKGROUND: Fewer LNM and better survival rates have been reported for early gastric @entity6 compared with other undifferentiated early @entity4 (EGCs). METHODS: Data from 1544 @entity0 with mucosa-confined @entity6 were reviewed. Stepwise logistic regression analysis determined the independent predictors of LNM. Risk scores were based on the final predictive factors for LNM, and performance was internally validated using a split-sample approach. External validation was also performed in an independent dataset (n = 208) to assess the discriminatory power of the @entity3 . RESULTS: The overall LNM incidence was 3.8% (57/1544). Three risk factors ( @entity2 size >= 1.7cm, @entity2 of elevated type, and @entity5 ) were significantly associated with LNM. These factors were incorporated into the @entity3 , and were assigned scores ranging from 0 to 4. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve for predicting LNM after internal and external validation was 0.68 (95% confidence interval, 0.0793-0.2865) and 0.686 (95% confidence interval, 0.618-0.748), respectively. A score of 2 points was the optimal cut-off value for LNM prediction, and the overall diagnostic accuracy was 96%. LNM were found in 2.9% and 23.8% of the low and high-risk groups of the @entity3 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: A @entity3 may help to predict LNM and evaluate endoscopic submucosal dissection feasibility in @entity0 with intramucosal SRC.

title: A Risk-prediction Model Based on Lymph-node XXXX for Incorporation Into a Treatment Algorithm for Signet Ring Cell-type Intramucosal @entity4 .

answer: @entity1