abstract: We carried out sonographic examination of 160 type I @entity1 measuring the renal volume, the parenchyma/renal pelvis index and the brightness of the parenchyma. @entity4 and @entity5 in the serum, @entity4 clearance and albumin excretion by urine were determined as functional parameters. In contrast to existing results, we were unable to find significant changes in kidney size or function in newly diagnosed @entity1 (duration of @entity1 up to 6 months). Both the @entity2 were unchanged compared to control @entity0 of the same age. It was only if @entity1 lasted from 6 months to 5 years, that the renal volume was 19% larger (192 +/- 37 cm3/1.73 m2) than that of recently diagnosed @entity0 (p less than 0.01). The index had increased by 15%, whereas the @entity4 clearance had increased by 18% to 121 +/- 27 ml/min as a result of increased perfusion. The renal volume decreased continuously over a five-year period of duration of @entity1 . Initially, microalbuminuria became manifest, followed some time later by a decrease in @entity4 clearance and a corresponding increase in @entity4 and @entity5 in serum. No change in parenchyma brightness was noted. @entity1 with moderate @entity3 ( @entity4 1.2 to 2 mg/dl) compared to @entity1 without insufficiency developed larger kidneys (207 cm3/1.73 m2; p less than 0.01). Only in case of severe insufficiency ( @entity4 greater than 2 mg/dl) did the kidneys did shrink significantly (121 cm3/1,73 m2, n = 8, p less than 0.01). The temporary enlargement of the kidneys could be a prognostically unfavourable sign pointing towards a developing @entity6 .

title: [Sonographic changes in the size of the kidneys in type I diabetes as a method of early detection of XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: Hyperactivity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is major characteristic of @entity1 secondary to substantia nigra lesions. Interruption of the STN-internal pallidum (GPi) pathway is a new stereotactic target for @entity0 . We have studied the antiparkinsonian efficacy of STN lesions in @entity6 -treated monkeys. Four @entity3 were made @entity0 by @entity6 (i.v. 0.15 +/- 1 mg/kg) administration over 3 months. Unilateral subthalamotomy ( @entity4 ) was performed by a standard stereotactic method. Severity was rated from 0 (normal) to V by fine manual motor tests. Three monkeys (severity state III/IV) showed marked improvement in spontaneous activity, facial expression and manual dexterity bilaterally but significantly greater in the limb contralateral to the lesion. Mild hemichorea was present in 2 and hemiballism in one. L-Dopa treatment (50 mg b.i.d.) enhanced the hemidyskinesias moderately. The therapeutic effect has persisted for over 8 months postsurgery. Monkey No.4 (severity stage V) showed @entity5 in the lower limb contralateral to the lesion but no improvement and died a few days later. Subthalamotomy improves @entity1 in moderately severe @entity0 monkeys. @entity2 might be a persistent complication.

title: Subthalamotomy improves XXXX -induced @entity1 in monkeys.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Hyperactivity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is major characteristic of @entity1 secondary to substantia nigra lesions. Interruption of the STN-internal pallidum (GPi) pathway is a new stereotactic target for @entity0 . We have studied the antiparkinsonian efficacy of STN lesions in @entity6 -treated monkeys. Four @entity3 were made @entity0 by @entity6 (i.v. 0.15 +/- 1 mg/kg) administration over 3 months. Unilateral subthalamotomy ( @entity4 ) was performed by a standard stereotactic method. Severity was rated from 0 (normal) to V by fine manual motor tests. Three monkeys (severity state III/IV) showed marked improvement in spontaneous activity, facial expression and manual dexterity bilaterally but significantly greater in the limb contralateral to the lesion. Mild hemichorea was present in 2 and hemiballism in one. L-Dopa treatment (50 mg b.i.d.) enhanced the hemidyskinesias moderately. The therapeutic effect has persisted for over 8 months postsurgery. Monkey No.4 (severity stage V) showed @entity5 in the lower limb contralateral to the lesion but no improvement and died a few days later. Subthalamotomy improves @entity1 in moderately severe @entity0 monkeys. @entity2 might be a persistent complication.

title: Subthalamotomy improves @entity6 -induced XXXX in monkeys.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 is a rare, chronic, destructive, ulcerating skin disease of uncertain etiology. It develops most frequently in @entity0 between 25-45 years of age and affects both sexes equally. CASE REPORT: We present a case of @entity6 in a young female @entity0 who sustained a burn injury of 40% total body surface area. She underwent four operations. She developed a wound @entity2 and @entity3 during her hospital stay. By the end of hospitalization, the papules followed with coalesce of @entity4 formed on the previously epithelized areas of her legs. The @entity0 complained of the intensive @entity1 localized on these surfaces. Since @entity6 was suspected, a dermatologist was included in treatment. Therapy was initiated ( @entity5 60 mg per day intravenously) with gradual reduction of the dosage. The @entity0 was discharged from hospital two weeks later with almost fully complete cicatrization and epithelization. CONCLUSION: @entity6 is still difficult to be diagnosed in the absence of specific and sensitive diagnostic methods; however, it is crucial to be suspected as early as possible and to start treatment immediately. Multidisciplinary approach is essential for ontimal results.

title: PYODERMA GANGRENOSUM IN BURNED XXXX - CASE REPORT.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: @entity3 antagonist treated @entity0 are exposed to a risk of @entity1 in case of @entity2 leading to a need for transfusion. In order to determine the incidence of adverse transfusion reactions in these @entity0 , the reports indicating a @entity3 antagonist treatment were analyzed. @entity0 AND METHODS: In the treated and transfused @entity0 population, the diagnosis following the adverse transfusion reactions, the incidence, the degree of severity, the blood component involved and its imputability were evaluated. RESULTS: From January 1st 2000 to December 31st 2014, 142 reports were notified in 141 @entity0 . @entity1 was observed in 102 cases (71.8%). @entity2 of anti- @entity3 was reported in 43 cases only (30.3%). The most frequent adverse transfusion reaction was the anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization (66 cases, 46.5%) followed by the febrile non-haemolytic reaction (37 cases, 26.1%). Most adverse reactions were non-severe (131 cases, 92.3%). The most involved blood component was the red blood cells concentrate (139 cases, 97.9%). The imputability of the blood product was certain in 39 cases only (27.5%). CONCLUSION: In @entity0 treated with @entity3 antagonists and transfused, the anti-erythrocyte alloimmunization was the most frequent adverse transfusion reaction. @entity2 of the @entity3 antagonists was notified in approximately a third of cases.

title: [Adverse transfusion reactions in recipients with anti- XXXX treatment].

answer: @entity3


abstract: A retrospective chart review was performed on @entity0 diagnosed as having @entity6 in @entity8   State, Brazil and who were followed from October 1981 to June 2009. Clinical and epidemiologic aspects were evaluated. In this work, 122 @entity0 were studied, of whom 85 (69.7%) were females and 37 (30.3%) were males. The disease duration ranged from five months to 50 years (8.9  8.1 years). Age at the first symptoms varied from 0 to 74 years (31.9  14.4 years). The first main symptoms and signs were @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity1 . Generalized @entity6 was the most common clinical presentation, but 5.1% (n=6) persisted as @entity6 . Thymectomy was performed in 42.6% (n=52) of @entity7 @entity0 . @entity2 was present in 10 patients. Serum @entity4 receptor (AChR) antibodies were present in 80% (n=20) of specimens tested. The data presented are similar to those of studies performed in other countries.

title: XXXX in @entity8  , Brazil: clinical and epidemiological aspects.

answer: @entity6


abstract: A retrospective chart review was performed on @entity0 diagnosed as having @entity6 in @entity8   State, Brazil and who were followed from October 1981 to June 2009. Clinical and epidemiologic aspects were evaluated. In this work, 122 @entity0 were studied, of whom 85 (69.7%) were females and 37 (30.3%) were males. The disease duration ranged from five months to 50 years (8.9  8.1 years). Age at the first symptoms varied from 0 to 74 years (31.9  14.4 years). The first main symptoms and signs were @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity1 . Generalized @entity6 was the most common clinical presentation, but 5.1% (n=6) persisted as @entity6 . Thymectomy was performed in 42.6% (n=52) of @entity7 @entity0 . @entity2 was present in 10 patients. Serum @entity4 receptor (AChR) antibodies were present in 80% (n=20) of specimens tested. The data presented are similar to those of studies performed in other countries.

title: @entity6 in XXXX  , Brazil: clinical and epidemiological aspects.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Serum lipids, lipoproteins, and more recently apolipoproteins and @entity7 [ @entity7 ] have been shown to be independent risk factors for @entity2 and its prognosis. However, the relationships between serum lipid levels and the extent of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) have not been consistently shown. Twenty-five hundred male and female @entity0 with suspected @entity4 were recruited from 18 European medical centers. The independent relations of total @entity1 , @entity5 , HDL @entity1 , LDL @entity1 , @entity6 , and @entity7 with the presence and extent of @entity3 , as assessed by coronary angiography, were investigated. All of the lipid measures showed strong relations P < .0001) with the presence of @entity3 , defined by the existence of at least one > or = 50% @entity8 . Total @entity1 , LDL @entity1 , apo B, @entity5 , and @entity7 were substantially higher and HDL @entity1 and @entity6 -I lower in @entity0 with @entity3 . The odds ratio of @entity3 , in the high-risk tertile of each lipid's distribution compared with the low-risk tertile, was in the range 1.5 to 2.3. Each of total @entity1 (or LDL @entity1 or apo B), HDL @entity1 (or @entity6 ), and @entity7 had an independent effect in predicting the presence of @entity3 . In addition, all lipids showed a strong association (P = .0006 for @entity5 , P < .0001 otherwise) with the extent of @entity3 as defined by the number of stenosed coronary vessels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Dose-response relationships of serum lipid measurements with the extent of XXXX . Strong, independent, and comprehensive. ECAT Angina Pectoris Study Group.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity1 is associated with increased @entity2 and mortality. We hypothesized that microvascular function may be @entity1 with @entity3 (OB-MetSnd) compared to @entity1 subjects without MetSnd (OB) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in OB-MetSnd (n=20, 12 @entity0 , BMI=36.5  1.1kg/m(2)), OB (n=25, 16 @entity0 , BMI=34.5  0.7kg/m(2)), and @entity5 (n=30, 22 @entity0 , BMI=22.8  0.3kg/m(2)) groups. @entity4 was evaluated by intravital video-microscopy at rest and after post-occlusive reactive @entity6 (PORH) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). OB-MetSnd subjects exhibited significant differences in the values of MetSnd components and in leptin and HOMA-IR levels compared to OB and @entity5 individuals. There were no differences in @entity4 among groups in resting conditions. The OB-MetSnd group failed to show a significant increase in the number of recruited capillaries during PORH and @entity6 compared to the @entity4 evaluated at rest. A negative correlation of @entity4 with waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure, and HOMA-IR was observed after PORH and @entity6 . When @entity1 subjects were analyzed according to their HOMA-IR quartiles, a significant decrease in @entity4 was observed during POHR (P=0.02). Our findings showed that @entity1 subjects have structural and functional alterations in skin microcirculation that are proportional to the increase in the degree of @entity7 . In addition, in OB-MetSnd subjects, the cutaneous capillaries at rest are already maximally recruited, indicating an absence of functional capillary reserve. This may be related to the insulin resistance observed in OB-MetSnd individuals.

title: Skin capillary density and microvascular reactivity in XXXX subjects with and without @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 is associated with increased @entity2 and mortality. We hypothesized that microvascular function may be @entity1 with @entity3 (OB-MetSnd) compared to @entity1 subjects without MetSnd (OB) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in OB-MetSnd (n=20, 12 @entity0 , BMI=36.5  1.1kg/m(2)), OB (n=25, 16 @entity0 , BMI=34.5  0.7kg/m(2)), and @entity5 (n=30, 22 @entity0 , BMI=22.8  0.3kg/m(2)) groups. @entity4 was evaluated by intravital video-microscopy at rest and after post-occlusive reactive @entity6 (PORH) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). OB-MetSnd subjects exhibited significant differences in the values of MetSnd components and in leptin and HOMA-IR levels compared to OB and @entity5 individuals. There were no differences in @entity4 among groups in resting conditions. The OB-MetSnd group failed to show a significant increase in the number of recruited capillaries during PORH and @entity6 compared to the @entity4 evaluated at rest. A negative correlation of @entity4 with waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure, and HOMA-IR was observed after PORH and @entity6 . When @entity1 subjects were analyzed according to their HOMA-IR quartiles, a significant decrease in @entity4 was observed during POHR (P=0.02). Our findings showed that @entity1 subjects have structural and functional alterations in skin microcirculation that are proportional to the increase in the degree of @entity7 . In addition, in OB-MetSnd subjects, the cutaneous capillaries at rest are already maximally recruited, indicating an absence of functional capillary reserve. This may be related to the insulin resistance observed in OB-MetSnd individuals.

title: Skin capillary density and microvascular reactivity in @entity1 subjects with and without XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Twenty-five @entity0 , aged between 15 and 45 years old, who were athletically active, presented with @entity3 ( @entity2 ). By use of ultrasonographic examination, new and precise information was obtained that benefited the diagnosis, choice of treatment, and monitoring of the evolution of @entity3 in our @entity0 . In 18 of the 25 @entity0 , only 1 knee was affected; in 7 of the @entity0 , both knees were affected, thus making a total of 32 @entity1 tendons. These 25 @entity0 were compared with a control group of 15 healthy, athletically active subjects between the ages of 25 and 35 years old. In all of the 32 @entity1 tendons, ultrasonographic anomalies were observed: thickening or swelling of the tendon (15 knees) appeared in acute cases; a heterogeneous structure of the tendon (24 knees); and thickening and irregularities of the tendinous envelope (8 knees). The 15 acute @entity0 all responded to classic conservative treatment including physical therapy and electrotherapy. Four of the remaining 10 @entity0 were treated successfully with various conservative treatments, including deep transverse friction massage with ice. The other six @entity0 were treated surgically, with tenolysis and "carding" of the patellar tendon. In one @entity0 , this procedure failed, and 12 months later a second operation was performed, in which the distal pole of the patella was resected and the patellar tendon reinserted into bone. Recovery was uneventful. Now, at least 2 years after treatment, all of the @entity0 consider themselves healed.

title: XXXX and ultrasonography.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate in @entity4 the focal macular photopic negative response and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography measurements of retinal thicknesses in the superior and inferior macula. DESIGN: Comparative case series. METHODS: We studied 63 eyes of 63 @entity0 with @entity4 and 41 normal eyes of 41 volunteers. Photopic negative responses were recorded using a spotlight (diameter of 15 degrees of circle), projected onto the whole or superior or inferior macula. Ganglion cell complex (nerve fiber + @entity5 cell + inner @entity2 ) thickness was measured using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: Mean photopic negative response amplitude over the entire macula was significantly (P < .001) decreased compared with that of controls in eyes with early (n = 24; to 62.1%), moderate (n = 21; to 57.2%), and severe (n = 18; to 49.3%) @entity4 , but not significantly different among eyes with various stages of @entity3 . Mean @entity5 cell complex thickness was significantly (P < .001) decreased compared with that of controls in eyes with early (86.0%), moderate (78.3%), and severe (71.2%) @entity3 , and thinning correlated positively with @entity3 severity (P < .001). Mean photopic negative response amplitude correlated significantly (P < .001) with @entity5 cell complex thickness over the whole, superior, and inferior macular areas (r = 0.57 to 0.74). In 16 eyes without @entity1 in the inferior hemifield, mean photopic negative response amplitude was 56.5% of normal (P < .001), and mean @entity5 cell complex thickness in the superior macula was 92.1% of normal (P = .004). CONCLUSIONS: Focal macular photopic negative response amplitude correlates with @entity5 cell complex thickness, but decreases more abruptly in early @entity3 compared with @entity5 cell complex thickness.

title: Hemispherical focal macular photopic negative response and macular inner retinal thickness in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A new @entity6 classification is being proposed by the International Association for the Study of @entity1 , American @entity5 Society and European Respiratory Society (IASLC/ATS/ERS). This proposal has not yet been tested in clinical datasets to determine whether it defines prognostically significant @entity6 . In all, 514 @entity0 who had pathological @entity2 of the lung classified according to the Union for International @entity2 Control/American Joint Committee on @entity2 7th Edition, and who had undergone a lobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection were retrospectively reviewed. Comprehensive histological subtyping was used to estimate the percentage of each histological subtype and to identify the predominant subtype. @entity2 were classified according to the proposed new IASLC/ATS/ERS @entity4 classification. Statistical analyses were made including Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. There were 323 females (63%) and 191 males (37%) with a median age of 69 years (33-89 years) and 298 stage IA and 216 stage IB @entity0 . Three overall prognostic groups were identified: low grade: @entity4 in situ (n=1) and minimally invasive @entity4 (n=8) had 100% 5-year disease-free survival; intermediate grade: non-mucinous lepidic predominant (n=29), papillary predominant (n=143) and acinar predominant (n=232) with 90, 83 and 84% 5-year disease-free survival, respectively; and high grade: invasive @entity7 (n=13), colloid predominant (n=9), solid predominant (n=67) and micropapillary predominant (n=12), with 75, 7170 and 67%, 5-year disease-free survival, respectively (P<0.001). Among the clinicopathological factors, stage 1B versus 1A (P<0.001), male sex (P<0.008), high histological grade (P<0.001), vascular invasion (P=0.002) and @entity3 (P<0.001) were poorer prognostic factors on univariate analysis. Both gross @entity2 size (P=0.04) and invasive @entity2 size adjusted by the percentage of lepidic growth (P<0.001) were significantly associated with disease-free survival with a slightly stronger association for the latter. Multivariate analysis showed the prognostic groups of the IASLC/ATS/ERS histological classification (P=0.038), male gender (P=0.007), @entity2 invasive size (P=0.026) and @entity3 (P=0.002) were significant poor prognostic factors. In summary, the proposed IASLC/ATS/ERS classification of @entity6 identifies histological categories with prognostic differences that may be helpful in identifying candidates for adjunctive therapy. The slightly stronger association with survival for invasive size versus gross size raises the need for further studies to determine whether this adjustment in measuring @entity2 size could impact TNM staging for small @entity4 .

title: Impact of proposed IASLC/ATS/ERS classification of XXXX : prognostic subgroups and implications for further revision of staging based on analysis of 514 stage I cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The effect of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor @entity4 was evaluated in two @entity0 @entity2 models involving: (a) the @entity3 C170HM2 and (b) the lung-invasive @entity1 AP5LV, both of which have been shown to express the M(r) 72,000 type IV collagenase. @entity4 at concentrations between 0.01 and 3.0 micrograms/ml had no direct cytotoxic effects on the in vitro growth of the cell lines. In the @entity3 model, @entity4 administered i.p. from day 10 to termination of the therapy (day 39) at 40 mg/kg reduced both the mean number of @entity3 (35% of vehicle-treated control; P < 0.05) and the cross-sectional area of the @entity1 (43% of vehicle-treated control; P < 0.05). In the lung-invasive @entity1 model, @entity4 administered daily (40 mg/kg i.p.) significantly reduced @entity1 weight within the lung (72% of vehicle-treated control; P < 0.05) but did not significantly affect nodule number. In the latter model, in which the take rate was unaffected, @entity1 cells were introduced into the lateral tail vein, and lung localization may have been a physical phenomenon not involving invasion. In the former model, @entity1 cells were introduced directly into the peritoneal cavity, and from there the cells adhered to and invaded the liver capsule. Because the take rate is significantly reduced, it may be that the matrix metalloproteinases are involved in this process. @entity4 may be a therapeutic modality for the treatment of @entity2 .

title: Inhibition of organ invasion by the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor XXXX ( @entity4 ) in two @entity0 colon carcinoma metastasis models.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effect of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor @entity4 was evaluated in two @entity0 @entity2 models involving: (a) the @entity3 C170HM2 and (b) the lung-invasive @entity1 AP5LV, both of which have been shown to express the M(r) 72,000 type IV collagenase. @entity4 at concentrations between 0.01 and 3.0 micrograms/ml had no direct cytotoxic effects on the in vitro growth of the cell lines. In the @entity3 model, @entity4 administered i.p. from day 10 to termination of the therapy (day 39) at 40 mg/kg reduced both the mean number of @entity3 (35% of vehicle-treated control; P < 0.05) and the cross-sectional area of the @entity1 (43% of vehicle-treated control; P < 0.05). In the lung-invasive @entity1 model, @entity4 administered daily (40 mg/kg i.p.) significantly reduced @entity1 weight within the lung (72% of vehicle-treated control; P < 0.05) but did not significantly affect nodule number. In the latter model, in which the take rate was unaffected, @entity1 cells were introduced into the lateral tail vein, and lung localization may have been a physical phenomenon not involving invasion. In the former model, @entity1 cells were introduced directly into the peritoneal cavity, and from there the cells adhered to and invaded the liver capsule. Because the take rate is significantly reduced, it may be that the matrix metalloproteinases are involved in this process. @entity4 may be a therapeutic modality for the treatment of @entity2 .

title: Inhibition of organ invasion by the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor @entity4 ( XXXX ) in two @entity0 colon carcinoma metastasis models.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effect of the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor @entity4 was evaluated in two @entity0 @entity2 models involving: (a) the @entity3 C170HM2 and (b) the lung-invasive @entity1 AP5LV, both of which have been shown to express the M(r) 72,000 type IV collagenase. @entity4 at concentrations between 0.01 and 3.0 micrograms/ml had no direct cytotoxic effects on the in vitro growth of the cell lines. In the @entity3 model, @entity4 administered i.p. from day 10 to termination of the therapy (day 39) at 40 mg/kg reduced both the mean number of @entity3 (35% of vehicle-treated control; P < 0.05) and the cross-sectional area of the @entity1 (43% of vehicle-treated control; P < 0.05). In the lung-invasive @entity1 model, @entity4 administered daily (40 mg/kg i.p.) significantly reduced @entity1 weight within the lung (72% of vehicle-treated control; P < 0.05) but did not significantly affect nodule number. In the latter model, in which the take rate was unaffected, @entity1 cells were introduced into the lateral tail vein, and lung localization may have been a physical phenomenon not involving invasion. In the former model, @entity1 cells were introduced directly into the peritoneal cavity, and from there the cells adhered to and invaded the liver capsule. Because the take rate is significantly reduced, it may be that the matrix metalloproteinases are involved in this process. @entity4 may be a therapeutic modality for the treatment of @entity2 .

title: Inhibition of organ invasion by the matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in two XXXX colon carcinoma metastasis models.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Age 45  years is used as a cutoff in the staging of well-differentiated @entity4 (WDTC) as it represents the median age of most datasets. The aim of this study was to determine a statistically optimized age threshold using a large dataset of @entity0 treated at a comprehensive @entity2 center. METHODS: Overall, 1807 @entity0 with a median follow-up of 109  months were included in the study. Recursive partitioning was used to determine which American Joint Committee on @entity2 (AJCC) variables were most predictive of disease-specific death, and whether a different cutoff for age would be found. From the resulting tree, a new age cutoff was picked and @entity0 were restaged using this new cutoff. RESULTS: The 10-year @entity3 ( @entity3 ) by Union for International @entity2 Control (AJCC/UICC) stage was 99.6, 100, 96, and 81  % for stages I-IV, respectively. Using recursive partitioning, the presence of distant @entity1 was the most powerful predictor of @entity3 . For M0 @entity0 , age was the next most powerful predictor, with a cutoff of 56  years. For M1 @entity0 , a cutoff at 54  years was most predictive. Having reviewed the analysis, age 55  years was selected as a more robust age cutoff than 45  years. The 10-year @entity3 by new stage (using age 55  years as the cutoff) was 99.2, 98, 100, and 74  % for stages I-IV, respectively. CONCLUSION: A change in age cutoff in the AJCC/UICC staging for WDTC to 55  years would improve the accuracy of the system and appropriately prevent low-risk @entity0 being overstaged and overtreated.

title: Defining a Valid Age Cutoff in Staging of Well-Differentiated XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells residing in the connective tissue of many organs and holding great potential for tissue repair. In culture, @entity0 MSCs (hMSCs) are capable of extensive proliferation without showing chromosomal aberrations. Large numbers of hMSCs can thus be acquired from small samples of easily obtainable tissues like fat and bone marrow. MSCs can contribute to regeneration indirectly by secretion of cytokines or directly by differentiation into specialized cell types. The latter mechanism requires their long-term acceptance by the recipient. Although MSCs do not elicit immune responses in vitro, animal studies have revealed that allogeneic and xenogeneic MSCs are rejected. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We aim to overcome MSC immune rejection through permanent down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins on the surface of these MHC class II-negative cells through the use of viral immune evasion proteins. Transduction of hMSCs with a retroviral vector encoding the @entity3 @entity4 protein resulted in strong inhibition of MHC class I surface expression. When transplanted into immunocompetent @entity1 , persistence of the @entity4 -expressing and HLA-ABC-negative hMSCs at levels resembling those found in immunodeficient (i.e., NOD/ @entity2 ) @entity1 could be attained provided that recipients' natural killer (NK) cells were depleted prior to cell transplantation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings demonstrate the potential utility of herpesviral immunoevasins to prevent rejection of xenogeneic MSCs. The observation that down-regulation of MHC class I surface expression renders hMSCs vulnerable to NK cell recognition and cytolysis implies that multiple viral immune evasion proteins are likely required to make hMSCs non-immunogenic and thereby universally transplantable.

title: Exploitation of herpesvirus immune evasion strategies to modify the immunogenicity of XXXX mesenchymal stem cell transplants.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Deregulated expression of the @entity2 ( @entity2 , B, and C) is thought to be involved in cell malignant transformation and genomic instability in several @entity0 types. Over the last decade, a number of small-molecule inhibitors of @entity2 have been developed, which have proved to efficiently restrain malignant cell growth and @entity5 . Regarding @entity1 ( @entity1 ), we previously showed the efficacy of a pan-Aurora kinase inhibitor ( @entity7 ) in impairing growth and survival of the @entity1 -derived cell line TT. In the present study, we sought to establish if one of the @entity2 might represent a preferential target for @entity1 therapy. The effects of selective inhibitors of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) and @entity6 ( @entity8 ) were analyzed on TT cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and ploidy. The two inhibitors reduced TT cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with IC50 of 19.0      2.4  nM for @entity3 and 401.6      44.1  nM for @entity8 . Immunofluorescence experiments confirmed that @entity8 inhibited phosphorylation of histone H3 (Ser10) by @entity6 , while it did not affect @entity2 autophosphorylation. @entity3 inhibited @entity2 autophosphorylation as expected, but at concentrations required to achieve the maximum antiproliferative effects it also abolished H3 (Ser10) phosphorylation. Cytofluorimetry experiments showed that both inhibitors induced accumulation of cells in G2/M phase and increased the subG0/G1 fraction and @entity4 . Finally, both inhibitors triggered apoptosis. We demonstrated that inhibition of either @entity2 or @entity6 has antiproliferative effects on TT cells, and thus it would be worthwhile to further investigate the therapeutical potential of Aurora kinase inhibitors in @entity1 treatment.

title: Preclinical testing of selective Aurora kinase inhibitors on a XXXX -derived cell line.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Our aim was to investigate the contribution of variations in intestinal muscle morphology or function to regional differences in motor properties in vivo. We quantitated intestinal muscle thickness and surface area along the @entity0 gut and compared the in vitro contractile properties of the jejunum and ileum. The thickness and cross-sectional surface area of both circular and longitudinal muscle demonstrated a parabolic distribution along the intestine, with the greatest values occurring in the proximal and distal regions. The terminal ileum had the greatest circular (885 +/- 194 microns) and longitudinal muscle (367 +/- 135 microns) thickness. Circular muscle was 2.5-3 times thicker than longitudinal muscle at all points. Passive @entity1 was similar in muscle strips from the mid-jejunum, mid-ileum, and terminal ileum (2.8 +/- 0.8, 2.5 +/- 0.4, and 2.3 +/- 0.8 vs 2.5 +/- 0.5, 1.9 +/- 0.5, and 2.8 +/- 1.0, longitudinal and circular, respectively). Active and total @entity1 , however, were significantly greater in longitudinal than circular muscle in mid-jejunum (active; 8.5 +/- 1.4 vs 5.6 +/- 1.2, P < 0.05 and total 11.3 +/- 1.7 vs 8.1 +/- 1.2) and in mid-ileum (active 9.5 +/- 1.6 vs 5.8 +/- 1.2 and total 12.0 +/- 1.6 vs 7.7 +/- 1.2). Values for each layer were similar in both sites. In contrast, in the terminal ileum, longitudinal and circular muscle strips demonstrated similar active (10.1 +/- 1.7 vs 9.0 +/- 2.7, NS) and total @entity1 (12.4 +/- 2.0 vs 11.9 +/- 3.4, NS). Dose-response curves to @entity2 (10(-8)-10(-2) M) were similar in all these regions. We conclude (1) there are regional variations in muscle mass but contractile properties are similar in jejunum and ileum; and (2) the unique motor properties of the terminal ileum may be related more to differences in muscle morphology and neural input than intrinsic function.

title: Regional variation in XXXX intestinal muscle mass and function.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Taking into account the wellknown frequency of @entity1 in @entity2 and the rare studies about their evolution, several questions can be raised: How do these different symptoms move? Are there specific characters of each of them? First, stability of negative symptoms evaluated by the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms ( @entity8 ) was studied among 57 @entity2 @entity0 at admission and at discharge. The course of negative symptoms was compared to that of @entity3 (Montgomery et Asberg Depression Rating Scale) and @entity6 symptoms (Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale). All the subscores of the @entity8 decreased significantly but 4 items belonging to the affective flattening subscale and one item belonging to the @entity5 subscale did not vary significantly, showing the necessity of taking into account the individual items of the @entity8 rather than the subscale scores to evaluate the course of negative symptoms. Changes in all the @entity8 subscores except the @entity5 and @entity7 subscores were associated with variations in scores of other scales. Correlations between the changes of negative symptoms and the changes of depressive symptoms showed the necessity to do more specific scales, for example, scales for @entity3 in @entity2 . Langlois-Th  ry et al. (1994) evaluated among 53 @entity2 @entity0 stabilized with neuroleptic treatment, depressive symptomatology with Echelle de Ralentissement D  pressif (ERD, Widl  cher, 1983) and MADRS, negative symptomatology (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) and @entity4 (ESRS), to determinate whether ERD composed of 3 subscores (motor, ideic and subjective) could be able to evaluate the depressive symptomatology, independently of the measures of negative and @entity6 symptomatology.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Depressive symptoms and negative symptoms during XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 chromosome, especially translocations, are rare events in @entity4 ( @entity4 ). In a series of 2270 @entity4 @entity0 analyzed between 1983 and 1994 (Center for @entity0 Genetics, Leuven), 9 cases were found with translocations involving the X chromosome. These aberrations were not restricted to specific FAB subtypes and were the sole anomalies in 3 cases. In the remaining 6 @entity0 , they were associated with other abnormalities, including 5q-, observed in three cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was retrospectively performed on 8 @entity0 and was shown to be a useful complement for the characterization of the translocations involving the X chromosome. In 3 cases, we could identify translocation partners and breakpoint regions only by using chromosome painting. No recurrent chromosome partners were observed. The breakpoints could be localized along the whole X chromosome. There was, however, a cluster in the Xq13 region involved in 4 of the 9 @entity0 . The previously reported association of @entity1 with @entity2 with @entity5 (RARS) was found in only one case. Despite the lack of characteristic translocations involving the X chromosome, the occurrence of such changes as the sole karyotypic anomaly suggests that they could play a role in the pathogenesis of some @entity4 .

title: Characterization by chromosome painting of balanced and unbalanced X chromosome translocations in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to analyze periprocedural and 1-year outcomes of peripheral endovascular intervention (PVI) for @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: We reviewed 1244 @entity0 undergoing 1414 PVIs for @entity1 ( @entity2 , 29%; tissue loss, 71%) within the Vascular Study Group of New England (VSGNE) from January 2010 to December 2011. Overall survival (OS), amputation-free survival (AFS), and freedom from major amputation at 1  year were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: The number of arteries treated during each procedure were 1 (49%), 2 (35%), 3 (12%), and >= 4 (5%). Target arterial segments and TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus classifications were aortoiliac, 27% (A, 48%; B, 28%; C, 12%; and D, 12%); femoral-popliteal, 48% (A, 29%; B, 34%; C, 20%; and D, 17%); and infrapopliteal, 25% (A, 17%; B, 14%; C, 25%; D, 44%). Technical success was 92%. Complications included access site @entity6 (5.0%), occlusion (0.3%), and distal embolization (2.4%). Mortality and major amputation rates were 2.8% and 2.2% at 30  days, respectively. Overall percutaneous or open reintervention rate was 8.0% during the first year. At 1-year, OS, AFS, and freedom from major amputation were 87%, 87%, and 94% for @entity0 with @entity2 and 80%, 71%, and 81% for @entity0 with tissue loss. Independent predictors of reduced 1-year OS (C index  = .74) included dialysis (HR, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.8-5.1; P  < .01), emergency procedure (HR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.0-6.2; P  = .05), age >80  years (HR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.7-2.8; P  < .01), not living at home preoperatively (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.4-2.8; P  < .01), @entity5 >1.8  mg/dL (HR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.3-2.8; P  < .01), @entity3 (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.3-2.2; P  < .01), and chronic b-blocker use (HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0-1.9; P  = .03), whereas independent preoperative ambulation (HR, 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6-0.9; P  = .014) was protective. Independent predictors of major amputation (C  index  = .69) at 1  year included dialysis (HR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.6-4.5; P  < .01), tissue loss (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.7; P  = .02), prior major contralateral amputation (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.1-3.5; P  = .02), non-Caucasian race (HR, 1.7; 95% CI, 1.0-2.9; P  = .045), and male gender (HR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.6; P  = .03), whereas smoking (HR, .60; 95% CI, 0.4-1.0; P  = .042) was protective. CONCLUSIONS: Survival and major amputation after PVI for @entity1 are associated with different @entity0 characteristics. @entity4 is a common predictor that portends especially poor outcomes. These data may facilitate efforts to improve @entity0 selection and, after further validation, enable risk-adjusted outcome reporting for @entity1 @entity0 undergoing PVI.

title: Determinants of survival and major amputation after peripheral endovascular intervention for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The adult subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle contains neural stem cells. In rodents, these cells generate neuroblasts that migrate as chains toward the olfactory bulb along the rostral migratory stream (RMS). The neural-stem-cell niche at the ventricular wall is conserved in various animal species, including primates. However, it is unclear how the SVZ and RMS organization in nonhuman primates relates to that of rodents and @entity0 . Here we studied the SVZ and RMS of the adult and neonatal @entity1 ( @entity1 ), a New World primate used widely in neuroscience, by electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical detection of cell-type-specific markers. The marmoset SVZ contained cells similar to type B, C, and A cells of the rodent SVZ in their marker expression and morphology. The adult marmoset SVZ had a three-layer organization, as in the @entity0 brain, with ependymal, hypocellular, and astrocyte-ribbon layers. However, the hypocellular layer was very thin or absent in the adult-anterior and neonatal SVZ. Anti-PSA-NCAM staining of the anterior SVZ in whole-mount ventricular wall preparations of adult marmosets revealed an extensive network of elongated cell aggregates similar to the neuroblast chains in rodents. Time-lapse recordings of marmoset SVZ explants cultured in Matrigel showed the neuroblasts migrating in chains, like rodent type A cells. These results suggest that some features of neurogenesis and neuronal migration in the SVZ are common to marmosets, @entity0 , and rodents. This basic description of the adult and neonatal marmoset SVZ will be useful for future studies on adult neurogenesis in primates.

title: Cellular composition and organization of the subventricular zone and rostral migratory stream in the adult and neonatal XXXX brain.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 595-nm pulsed dye laser has been used for the treatment of benign epidermal @entity1 (EPLs), but there is a risk of inducing undesirable purpura with treatment. OBJECTIVE: To compare a 607-nm laser with a commercially-available 595-nm laser for the treatment of EPLs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Monte-Carlo simulations were performed to characterize laser interaction with skin. Ten @entity0 with EPLs were treated with a 607-nm study prototype laser and the 595-nm pulsed dye laser twice at 2- to 4-week intervals on the left or right side on a randomized basis. Study endpoints included clearance rate of lesions, side effects immediately after treatment and at final follow-up, and @entity0 discomfort/ @entity2 . RESULTS: Monte-Carlo simulations show that the 607-nm is absorbed more specifically by melanin than the 595-nm wavelength. Both lasers were effective in treatment of EPLs. The average degree of improvement overall was 41.2% with the 607-nm laser and 40% with the 595-nm laser. @entity0 reported less discomfort/ @entity2 during treatment with the 607-nm laser. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the 607-nm laser is safe and at least as effective as the 595-nm laser in treatment of EPLs. There was less @entity0 discomfort/ @entity2 during treatment using the 607-nm laser.

title: Pulsed dye laser treatment of XXXX : a randomized clinical pilot study comparison of 607- and 595-nm wavelength lasers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have undertaken a prospective study of @entity1 due to coitus with the aim of evaluating their incidence, risk factors and anatomic lesions. Over a period of 39 months, 98 cases were found, giving a monthly incidence of 2.5. The @entity0 had a mean age of 25 years, were paucipara in more than 50%. Sexual abstience was found in 72 cases with a mean duration of 6 months. This injury occurred more often in gynecological period than in the postpartum (77 cases versus 22). During sexual intercourse the most harmful position was when the @entity0 was in dorsal decubitus with maximum flexion and abduction of the limbs. The @entity1 was located in the posterior cul de sac in 39 cases and was of 5 cm of length in 56%. Surgical suture was required in 92 out of 98 @entity0 , in combination with local and general antibiotics. CONCLUSION: @entity1 due to coitus are frequent in our practice and they create serious anatomic lesions. So there is a need to precise the etiopathogenicity ( @entity2 ?, infections ?, role of the male partner) and to evaluate the long term sequellas.

title: [ XXXX during coitus: 98 cases].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 36-year-old asymptomatic Chinese male with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) developed @entity2 1 year after the diagnosis of @entity1 . The @entity0 was treated initially as for @entity2 associated with @entity1 . However, over a 6-year period his @entity2 became progressively difficult to control and he developed severe symptomatic @entity7 . Subsequent investigations confirmed the presence of primary @entity5 . The initial computed tomographic scans of the adrenals did not reveal any definite @entity3 . The @entity0 subsequently underwent bilateral adrenal venous sampling, which suggested a left-sided source of @entity6 excess. A repeat computed tomography of the adrenals with fine cuts revealed a 6-mm diameter adenoma of the left adrenal gland. He underwent an uncomplicated left adrenalectomy. All antihypertensive and @entity4 supplements were stopped on the 5th postoperative day. Two and half years after the adrenalectomy he remains normotensive and normokalaemic without any medication. The case illustrates the importance of measuring serum @entity4 before initiation of any therapy and the need to consider secondary causes even if a primary association is known. It also reinforces the fact that when @entity2 becomes difficult to control, a secondary cause has to be searched actively. The association between @entity5 and @entity1 has been highlighted only recently. The association of @entity8 and @entity5 has been reported in the literature only once previously.

title: XXXX in disguise--a trap for the unwary.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of a slow-release @entity3 0.7-mg intravitreal implant for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) secondary to intermediate @entity5 and refractory to systemic @entity2 . METHODS: A retrospective study of the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), @entity1 , intraocular pressure (IOP), fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), @entity1 , and adverse reactions of five @entity0 ( @entity0 , mean age of 35 years) with @entity4 treated with a @entity3 implant. @entity0 were evaluated in seven visits until the 150th day after the implant. RESULTS: Four @entity0 had bilateral pars @entity6 and one had bilateral intermediate @entity5 associated with @entity7 . Six @entity3 devices were implanted, under topical anesthesia (one each in six eyes, five @entity0 ). The mean follow-up time was 5 months. The best-corrected visual acuity improved in all eyes that received an implant, with five having improvements of two or more lines. Optical coherence tomography showed thinning of the macula in all eyes treated, and we saw a correlation between the best-corrected visual acuity and retinal thinning. No serious adverse events occurred and no significant increase in intraocular pressure was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Slow-release @entity3 intravitreal implants can effectively treat @entity4 secondary to intermediate @entity5 and refractory to systemic @entity2 .

title: Treatment of @entity4 secondary to chronic non-infectious intermediate XXXX with an intraocular @entity3 implant.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of a slow-release @entity3 0.7-mg intravitreal implant for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) secondary to intermediate @entity5 and refractory to systemic @entity2 . METHODS: A retrospective study of the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), @entity1 , intraocular pressure (IOP), fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), @entity1 , and adverse reactions of five @entity0 ( @entity0 , mean age of 35 years) with @entity4 treated with a @entity3 implant. @entity0 were evaluated in seven visits until the 150th day after the implant. RESULTS: Four @entity0 had bilateral pars @entity6 and one had bilateral intermediate @entity5 associated with @entity7 . Six @entity3 devices were implanted, under topical anesthesia (one each in six eyes, five @entity0 ). The mean follow-up time was 5 months. The best-corrected visual acuity improved in all eyes that received an implant, with five having improvements of two or more lines. Optical coherence tomography showed thinning of the macula in all eyes treated, and we saw a correlation between the best-corrected visual acuity and retinal thinning. No serious adverse events occurred and no significant increase in intraocular pressure was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Slow-release @entity3 intravitreal implants can effectively treat @entity4 secondary to intermediate @entity5 and refractory to systemic @entity2 .

title: Treatment of @entity4 secondary to chronic non-infectious intermediate @entity5 with an intraocular XXXX implant.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of a slow-release @entity3 0.7-mg intravitreal implant for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) secondary to intermediate @entity5 and refractory to systemic @entity2 . METHODS: A retrospective study of the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), @entity1 , intraocular pressure (IOP), fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), @entity1 , and adverse reactions of five @entity0 ( @entity0 , mean age of 35 years) with @entity4 treated with a @entity3 implant. @entity0 were evaluated in seven visits until the 150th day after the implant. RESULTS: Four @entity0 had bilateral pars @entity6 and one had bilateral intermediate @entity5 associated with @entity7 . Six @entity3 devices were implanted, under topical anesthesia (one each in six eyes, five @entity0 ). The mean follow-up time was 5 months. The best-corrected visual acuity improved in all eyes that received an implant, with five having improvements of two or more lines. Optical coherence tomography showed thinning of the macula in all eyes treated, and we saw a correlation between the best-corrected visual acuity and retinal thinning. No serious adverse events occurred and no significant increase in intraocular pressure was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Slow-release @entity3 intravitreal implants can effectively treat @entity4 secondary to intermediate @entity5 and refractory to systemic @entity2 .

title: Treatment of XXXX secondary to chronic non-infectious intermediate @entity5 with an intraocular @entity3 implant.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 are a major complication following percutaneous cannulations of the femoral artery. Surgical repair has been the traditional treatment modality. Recent reports have introduced duplex-guided compression as a means of nonoperative management of these injuries. We proposed to determine if duplex-guided compression of @entity3 could be successfully performed, could be done without complication, and could maintain @entity1 on long-term follow-up. STUDY DESIGN: All @entity0 presenting with large groin @entity2 following invasive percutaneous femoral artery procedures over a seven-month period were studied using color-flow duplex analysis. Six @entity4 were discovered and successfully treated with duplex-guided compression. All @entity0 were then followed-up prospectively with both early and long-term repeat duplex analysis. RESULTS: All @entity0 were rescanned 72 hours later and the @entity4 remained @entity1 . Upon returning for long-term follow-up examination, @entity0 again had duplex confirmation of @entity1 , with a mean follow-up time of 21 months (range, five to 29 months). No complications attributable to this technique have been noted. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the clinical usefulness of duplex-guided compression in the evaluation and treatment of iatrogenic @entity3 .

title: Duplex-guided compression of iatrogenic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The correlation between in vitro activity, pharmacokinetic properties and effect in vivo of antibiotics has so far received relatively little attention, and the optimal dosing strategy for most antibiotics is still a matter of dispute. A review on this subject is presented based on observations from an experimental @entity1 model in @entity0 . The pneumococcus is particularly suitable as pathogen in experimental @entity1 models for antibiotic research, since it is clinically relevant, susceptible to a range of antibiotics, and naturally virulent to most laboratory animals without the need for potentiating factors. The course of @entity1 in animals is discussed in detail, including the parameters for measuring antibiotic effect in vivo. In screening models the most simple and relevant parameter is survival/death of the animal, which is usually incorporated in the determination of a 50% endpoint, e.g. the ED50 (50% effective dose). Among the variety of factors of potential influence upon the ED50, the importance of the bacterial growth kinetics in vivo is emphasized. Considering the correlation of pharmacokinetic properties with effect in vivo three parameters are considered important: The peak antibiotic concentration, the area under the drug concentration curve (AUC), and the time the antibiotic concentration remains above the minimal inhibitory concentration (time greater than MIC). For the @entity2 antibiotics evidence is accumulating that the time greater than MIC is the most important. Comparing 14 cephalosporins in the @entity0 -protection test with intraperitoneal inoculation of a pneumococcus type 3, the time greater than MIC calculated from the pharmacokinetic profiles of a 5 mg/ @entity0 dose for all the 14 cephalosporins showed a high correlation with the ED50. When studying the serum antibiotic concentrations at doses similar to the ED50's for various cephalosporins and penicillins, the time greater than MIC was the parameter that varied the least. Neither the peak drug concentrations nor the AUC's showed any correlation with effect in vivo. The role of the time greater than MIC in context with other factors such as extravascular penetration of antibiotics, serum protein binding and the post-antibiotic effect is discussed. Most other experimental studies concerning dosing strategy for the @entity2 antibiotics, including the few clinical studies available, confirm the importance of the time factor. The clinical implication for this group of antibiotics therefore is to strive for a constant, not necessarily high, concentration above the MIC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Correlation of in vitro activity and pharmacokinetic parameters with effect in vivo for antibiotics. Observations from experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We conducted a retrospective study of @entity0 treated in our department for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) between 1986 and 1993. The 495 @entity0 were between 12 and 81 years old (mean 28.2 years). Four hundred fifteen (83.8%) were @entity0 and 80 (16.2%) were @entity0 . @entity4 was in the right lung in 262 cases (52.9%) and in the left lung in 215 (43.5%). Both sides were affected in 18 cases (3.6%). The initial treatment was @entity2 ; small caliber drains were used in 85 and no associated complications were observed. On 185 occasions (37.3%), @entity0 required surgical repair as a result of air leaks, recurrence or acute @entity3 . There were postsurgical complications in 15 cases (8.1%) but no recurrences or @entity1 after surgery. We observed no significant differences in the number of recurrences after use of conventional drains or small caliber drains. Nor were there differences in mean time of hospital stay or complications after conventional surgery or video assisted surgery, a technique that has only recently been introduced. We conclude that @entity4 responds well to treatment with pleural drains and that small caliber catheters offer a good alternative for treating first episodes. Surgery is indicated when there is recurrence or when air leaks are persistent. At present, video assisted thoracoscopic surgery has successfully replaced axillary thoracotomy for most @entity0 .

title: [ XXXX . A retrospective study of 495 cases].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Despite the current trend toward monotherapy, polytherapy in @entity0 with @entity2 is still common. A drug combination is advantageous only if it achieves a higher efficacy: @entity1 ratio (therapeutic index) or if its antiepileptic spectrum is wider. Studies of brain concentrations of antiepileptic drugs have so far shown that a higher efficacy: @entity1 ratio is not achieved by most combinations. Problems are associated with drug combinations. First, numerous pharmacokinetic interactions are documented. These interactions, which can be associated with significant changes in blood levels at a given dose, make frequent measurements and dosage readjustments necessary. They can also alter the concentration of active metabolites or the free fraction of a drug. Second, @entity1 can be assumed to be at least partially cumulative, since reduction in polytherapy has been shown to be associated with a reduction in side effects. Third, the therapeutic range appears to depend on whether a drug is taken alone or in combination, so that polytherapy confuses the interpretation of serum drug measurements. Fourth, the presence of more than one drug will add to the difficulty in evaluating the efficacy or side effects of any single drug. Finally, a pharmacodynamic interaction between valproate and several other antiepileptics, particularly the barbiturates, can lead to a stuporous state. Transition from polytherapy to monotherapy is much more difficult to achieve than the opposite.

title: Problems of combination drug therapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to estimate the value of preoperative electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring in predicting postoperative @entity3 in @entity0 undergoing abdominal aortic surgery. DESIGN: A prospective open study. SETTING: University Hospital. MATERIALS: One hundred consecutive @entity0 were studied before aortic or aortofemoral surgery by ambulatory ECG monitoring for 24 hours. CHIEF OUTCOME MEASURES: An ischaemic episode by ECG criteria was defined as a > or = 1 mm horizontal or downsloping ST segment @entity4 measured 60 msec after the J point and persisting for at least 40 sec. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity0 had preoperative ambulatory ischaemia. Twenty @entity0 had postoperative @entity3 including three with fatal @entity5 , one with a nonfatal @entity7 , eight with @entity8 , three with @entity1 and five with @entity6 . Sixteen out of 24 (67%) @entity0 with ambulatory ischaemia had postoperative @entity3 (p < 0.01). Only four events occurred among 76 @entity0 without ischaemia (p < 0.005). The sensitivity of ambulatory ischaemia predicting @entity3 was 80% with a specificity of 90%, the predictive value of ischaemia was 67% and the predictive value of a negative result was 95%. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative ECG monitoring for @entity2 could non-invasively identify @entity0 at high risk for postoperative cardiac morbidity and mortality after vascular surgery.

title: Predicting of postoperative XXXX using ambulatory ECG monitoring prior to abdominal aortic surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Cytochemical assessments of the nuclear DNA contents in @entity2 of the breast can be used for both prognostic and diagnostic purposes. Two main techniques are currently being used, viz. flow cytometry (FCM) and microspectrophotometry (MSP). An account of their advantages and disadvantages is given. In addition, an old, rather crude, cytophotometric technique can be used for histopathological sections of @entity3 -embedded specimens. The principal sampling procedures are fine-needle aspiration biopsy and the so-called imprint technique, where the specimens are made from the cut surface of the freshly excised operation specimen. @entity3 -embedded histopathological material can also be used, applying a newly developed MSP procedure, where isolated nuclei from deparaffinized/disintegrated specimens are analyzed. Most important is that intact cell nuclei, representative for the whole tumour nodule, can be obtained. The simultaneous use of FCM and MSP is also of utmost importance for the reliability in the interpretation of the results. Then, a kind of "DNA malignancy grading" is obtained that in several investigations has proven itself to be an excellent prognosticating tool that can be used for making an adequate choice of therapy for the individual @entity0 . The diagnostic value of the results of the cytochemically assessed nuclear DNA distribution patterns is not so high as the prognostic one. Tumours with a diploid type of nuclear DNA content can be found both among benign and @entity1 . However, a @entity1 with an aneuploid DNA distribution pattern can almost certainly be considered highly malignant.

title: Diagnostic and prognostic impact of cytochemically assessed nuclear DNA contents in XXXX adenocarcinomas of the mammary gland.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that the @entity5 that occurs after a major burn is mediated by @entity0 -derived free radicals. This hypothesis is based on the fact that @entity4 dismutase and @entity14 , given with fluid resuscitation from @entity2 , provided significant cardioprotection. STUDY DESIGN: In this present study, @entity1 received either enteral @entity3 or @entity12 -enriched diets to determine if @entity10 oxidase mediates postburn defects in @entity5 and relaxation. @entity11 ( @entity11 ) were depleted to examine the contribution of @entity11 -derived factors to postburn @entity5 . @entity1 were divided into eight groups: groups 1 to 6 received regular chow, and groups 7 and 8 received @entity12 -enriched diets for 14 days before study. Groups 2, 4, 6, and 8 were given a third-degree burn comprising 43 +/- 2 percent total body surface area and were resuscitated with Ringer's lactated solution for 24 hours (4 mL/kg/percent burn). In group 2, burned @entity1 received fluid resuscitation alone; in group 4 (n = 10), @entity1 were given @entity3 , 10 mg/kg daily by gastric lavage for five days preburn, group 6 (n = 11) received @entity13 (0.75 mg/kg) four days preburn, and group 8 (n = 11) received @entity12 -enriched diets for 14 days before burn; sham burn controls included vehicle-treated (n = 10), @entity3 -treated (n = 8), @entity11 -depleted (n = 8), and @entity12 -fed @entity1 (n = 11) (groups 1, 3, 5, and 7, respectively). RESULTS: @entity2 produced mild @entity7 , @entity9 , @entity8 , and a significant decrease in left ventricular performance, despite aggressive fluid resuscitation (group 2). @entity3 , @entity12 -enriched diets, and @entity11 depletion partially attenuated burn-induced @entity5 and improved left ventricular responsiveness to increases in preload, coronary flow rate and exogenous @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity10 oxidase-derived @entity0 metabolites and @entity11 -derived mediators contribute to postburn @entity5 .

title: Role of XXXX oxidase and leukocytes in postburn @entity5 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that the @entity5 that occurs after a major burn is mediated by @entity0 -derived free radicals. This hypothesis is based on the fact that @entity4 dismutase and @entity14 , given with fluid resuscitation from @entity2 , provided significant cardioprotection. STUDY DESIGN: In this present study, @entity1 received either enteral @entity3 or @entity12 -enriched diets to determine if @entity10 oxidase mediates postburn defects in @entity5 and relaxation. @entity11 ( @entity11 ) were depleted to examine the contribution of @entity11 -derived factors to postburn @entity5 . @entity1 were divided into eight groups: groups 1 to 6 received regular chow, and groups 7 and 8 received @entity12 -enriched diets for 14 days before study. Groups 2, 4, 6, and 8 were given a third-degree burn comprising 43 +/- 2 percent total body surface area and were resuscitated with Ringer's lactated solution for 24 hours (4 mL/kg/percent burn). In group 2, burned @entity1 received fluid resuscitation alone; in group 4 (n = 10), @entity1 were given @entity3 , 10 mg/kg daily by gastric lavage for five days preburn, group 6 (n = 11) received @entity13 (0.75 mg/kg) four days preburn, and group 8 (n = 11) received @entity12 -enriched diets for 14 days before burn; sham burn controls included vehicle-treated (n = 10), @entity3 -treated (n = 8), @entity11 -depleted (n = 8), and @entity12 -fed @entity1 (n = 11) (groups 1, 3, 5, and 7, respectively). RESULTS: @entity2 produced mild @entity7 , @entity9 , @entity8 , and a significant decrease in left ventricular performance, despite aggressive fluid resuscitation (group 2). @entity3 , @entity12 -enriched diets, and @entity11 depletion partially attenuated burn-induced @entity5 and improved left ventricular responsiveness to increases in preload, coronary flow rate and exogenous @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that @entity10 oxidase-derived @entity0 metabolites and @entity11 -derived mediators contribute to postburn @entity5 .

title: Role of @entity10 oxidase and leukocytes in postburn XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The effects of antireflux surgery on @entity2 were studied. Fifty-six @entity0 (45 @entity0 and 11 @entity0 of median age 48.5 (range 20-78) years) with histologically confirmed @entity2 (greater than 3 cm in length) and gastro-oesophageal reflux underwent antireflux surgery. Symptoms were noted and @entity0 underwent manometry and pH recording before and after operation, and annual flexible endoscopy. Fundoplication resulted in a significant improvement in lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (median (interquartile range (i.q.r.)) 8 (5-14) mmHg before operation versus 17 (11-22) mmHg after operation, P < 0.001). Twenty-four of the 56 @entity0 had partial or complete regression of @entity2 (median (i.q.r.) length 8 (3-18) cm before versus 4 (0-10) cm after operation, P < 0.001) but nine showed progression (median (i.q.r.) length 6 (3-11) cm before versus 10 (6-15) cm after operation, P < 0.01) (median follow-up 5.5 (range 2.0-10.5) years). @entity1 developed in one @entity0 . The length of @entity2 was unchanged in 23 @entity0 . @entity3 was more likely to occur in @entity0 who underwent fundoplication with previous or concomitant vagotomy (chi 2 = 7.21, 1 d.f., P < 0.01) and in those with a good symptomatic result (chi 2 = 23.52, 1 d.f., P < 0.001).

title: @entity3 and progression of XXXX after antireflux surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of antireflux surgery on @entity2 were studied. Fifty-six @entity0 (45 @entity0 and 11 @entity0 of median age 48.5 (range 20-78) years) with histologically confirmed @entity2 (greater than 3 cm in length) and gastro-oesophageal reflux underwent antireflux surgery. Symptoms were noted and @entity0 underwent manometry and pH recording before and after operation, and annual flexible endoscopy. Fundoplication resulted in a significant improvement in lower oesophageal sphincter pressure (median (interquartile range (i.q.r.)) 8 (5-14) mmHg before operation versus 17 (11-22) mmHg after operation, P < 0.001). Twenty-four of the 56 @entity0 had partial or complete regression of @entity2 (median (i.q.r.) length 8 (3-18) cm before versus 4 (0-10) cm after operation, P < 0.001) but nine showed progression (median (i.q.r.) length 6 (3-11) cm before versus 10 (6-15) cm after operation, P < 0.01) (median follow-up 5.5 (range 2.0-10.5) years). @entity1 developed in one @entity0 . The length of @entity2 was unchanged in 23 @entity0 . @entity3 was more likely to occur in @entity0 who underwent fundoplication with previous or concomitant vagotomy (chi 2 = 7.21, 1 d.f., P < 0.01) and in those with a good symptomatic result (chi 2 = 23.52, 1 d.f., P < 0.001).

title: XXXX and progression of @entity2 after antireflux surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between @entity1 of the Alzheimer type (PDAT) and family history, medical history, cigarette smoking, and exposure to @entity3 . DESIGN: A case-control study in which 109 cases of clinically diagnosed PDAT and 109 controls matched for age and sex were compared for exposure to the risk factors. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using McNemar's test. SETTING: The northern health region of England. @entity0 : Cases comprised those under 65 years diagnosed as having @entity2 by specialist services, who met clinical algorithm criteria for @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Cases were confirmed at interview. MAIN RESULTS: Comparing cases with controls, (ORs) significantly greater than unity were obtained when there was a first degree relative with @entity2 (OR 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.05, 6.56), any relative with @entity2 (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.01, 4.55), and any relative aged less than 65 with @entity2 (OR 8.0, 95% CI 1.07, 348). Exposure to moderate levels of cigarette smoking (cumulative) was not significant; nor was exposure to @entity3 in drinking water, diet, and medicinal sources. CONCLUSION: In this study of modest statistical power, a family history of @entity2 was confirmed as a risk factor in PDAT. No significant relationship between exposure to @entity4 in water supplies, tea, and antacids was found. What is important, however, is the bioavailability of all dietary @entity4 , determined by the concentrations of dissolved @entity5 in water: this requires further investigation.

title: Risk factors in clinically diagnosed XXXX of the Alzheimer type: a case-control study in northern England.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of @entity1 in The Netherlands and to quantify the influence of methodological variables on the reported prevalences. DESIGN: A pooled analysis was performed based on reported age specific prevalences of @entity1 . A logistic model was used to estimate the probability of @entity1 . MAIN RESULTS: The age standardised prevalence of @entity1 varies more than fivefold between studies carried out in The Netherlands. The probability of having @entity1 was lower if blood pressure was measured at more than one point in time (Odds ratio 0.44 (OR) (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.38, 0.51) for @entity0 and 0.47 (0.41, 0.54) for @entity0 , and if the study was carried out more recently (OR 0.92 (0.91, 0.93) per year). The probability was higher if the study was carried out in a general practice (OR 1.14 (1.03, 1.27) for @entity0 and 1.52 (1.36, 1.69) for @entity0 ). The inclusion of treated @entity0 as @entity1 yields contradictory results for @entity0 and @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The strong variation in prevalence is explained by methodology and by a period effect indicating a decrease of the prevalence of @entity1 over time. Whether this decrease is true or caused by confounding due to unknown or unreported methodological variation over time is unknown. For future studies, a standardised method could reduce the influence of methodological variables and thereby the variation in reported prevalences.

title: Variation in reported prevalences of XXXX in The Netherlands: the impact of methodological variables.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 are @entity3 of the brain which, before the advent of modern imaging, and in particular MRI, were thought to be rare. They have a specific angiographic aspect called "caput Meduse" as it corresponds to the description of a large draining vein to which converge numerous radial veins located in the white matter. These @entity3 have characteristic histological features making it possible to differentiate them from other @entity3 , notably cavernomas. These lesions are less scanty than classically believed, being the most frequent @entity1 encountered in post-mortem examination series. The circumstances in which cerebral @entity7 are discovered vary considerably, and @entity0 can be the revealing sign. Some authors regard these @entity1 as "abnormalities" of white matter veins and not as pathological entities, since they derive from a change in development during embryogenesis, but this theory is not supported by any anatomical evidence. The same authors attribute the bleeding to an associated cavernoma. Whereas CT enables @entity7 and possible associated cavernomas to be detected, only repeated MRI explorations performed after the finding of @entity7 and @entity0 can permit, by analysis of signal changes, to confirm or invalidate the non-pathological theory of the @entity2 and its tendency to bleed. Apart from hemorrhages, since @entity4 is used MRI is the most reliable and least invasive means to diagnose @entity5 and to detect associated occult angiographic @entity1 . For this reason, nowadays only hemorrhages require an angiography in search of an @entity6 demanding prompt treatment. Moreover, MRI makes it possible to detect angiographically occult @entity1 .

title: [Modern imaging in cerebral XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: The results following carotid endarterectomy were prospectively evaluated in 134 @entity0 (145 sides) by repeat ultrasonic duplex scanning and clinical evaluation extending for a period of 4 years. There were 107 @entity0 and 27 @entity0 in the study group. The perioperative @entity2 rate was 1.3% and the mortality rate, 0.7%. There were 9 late deaths, of which two were @entity2 related (1.4%). Focal symptoms occurred in 12 @entity0 on the ipsilateral side, six of which were @entity2 (one lacunar). The remaining symptoms developed in the presence of moderate degrees of @entity4 (less than 50%). There were seven @entity0 who had transient @entity1 attacks (TIAs) referable to the operated side, but only two of these were associated with a recurrent high-grade @entity5 . During follow-up 32 (22%) @entity0 had recurrent high-grade @entity5 . Restenosis regressed in seven, giving a persistent rate of 17.1%. The incidence of @entity3 was significantly higher in @entity0 (p less than 0.01). By life-table analysis, @entity3 occurred early, the majority within 24 months. There was no consistent association between the development of symptoms and the occurrence of @entity3 . Therefore, it is concluded that there is no justification for reoperation based on the degree of narrowing observed to prevent subsequent TIAs and @entity2 .

title: Carotid endarterectomy. Relationship of outcome to early XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of in vivo imaging of @entity4 in @entity1 using high-frequency contrast-enhanced ultrasound (HF-CE-US) with 2D or 3D modes and to correlate the sonographic findings with histopathologic characteristics. METHODS: Fourteen 12-week-old C57BL6 @entity1 were inoculated into their right eyes with aliquots of 5   10(5)/2.5  L B16LS9 @entity2 cells and were randomly assigned to either of two groups. At 7 days after inoculation, @entity3 in group 1 (n = 8) were imaged using HF-CE-US to determine the 2D @entity0 size and relative blood volume; eyes in group 2 (n = 6) were imaged by 3D microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and the @entity0 volume was determined. @entity0 burden was quantified in enucleated eyes by image processing software, and microvascular density was determined by counting @entity5 factor-positive vascular channels. Ultrasound images were evaluated and compared with histopathologic findings. RESULTS: Using HF-CE-US, @entity2 were visualized as relatively hyperechoic regions. The intraobserver variability of sonographic measurements was 9.65%    7.89%, and the coefficient of variation for multiple measurements was 7.33%    5.71%. The correlation coefficient of sonographic volume or size and histologic area was 0.71 (P = 0.11) and 0.79 (P = 0.32). The relative blood volume within the @entity0 demonstrated sonographically correlated significantly with @entity0 vascularity (r = 0.83; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There was a positive linear correlation between @entity0 measurements and @entity0 burden in the @entity1 @entity2 model. Contrast-enhanced intensity corresponded with microvascular density and blood volume. HF-CE-US is a real-time, noninvasive, reliable method for in vivo evaluation of experimental intraocular @entity2 area and relative blood volume.

title: In vivo high-frequency, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of XXXX in @entity1 : imaging features and histopathologic correlations.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefulness of in vivo imaging of @entity4 in @entity1 using high-frequency contrast-enhanced ultrasound (HF-CE-US) with 2D or 3D modes and to correlate the sonographic findings with histopathologic characteristics. METHODS: Fourteen 12-week-old C57BL6 @entity1 were inoculated into their right eyes with aliquots of 5   10(5)/2.5  L B16LS9 @entity2 cells and were randomly assigned to either of two groups. At 7 days after inoculation, @entity3 in group 1 (n = 8) were imaged using HF-CE-US to determine the 2D @entity0 size and relative blood volume; eyes in group 2 (n = 6) were imaged by 3D microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and the @entity0 volume was determined. @entity0 burden was quantified in enucleated eyes by image processing software, and microvascular density was determined by counting @entity5 factor-positive vascular channels. Ultrasound images were evaluated and compared with histopathologic findings. RESULTS: Using HF-CE-US, @entity2 were visualized as relatively hyperechoic regions. The intraobserver variability of sonographic measurements was 9.65%    7.89%, and the coefficient of variation for multiple measurements was 7.33%    5.71%. The correlation coefficient of sonographic volume or size and histologic area was 0.71 (P = 0.11) and 0.79 (P = 0.32). The relative blood volume within the @entity0 demonstrated sonographically correlated significantly with @entity0 vascularity (r = 0.83; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: There was a positive linear correlation between @entity0 measurements and @entity0 burden in the @entity1 @entity2 model. Contrast-enhanced intensity corresponded with microvascular density and blood volume. HF-CE-US is a real-time, noninvasive, reliable method for in vivo evaluation of experimental intraocular @entity2 area and relative blood volume.

title: In vivo high-frequency, contrast-enhanced ultrasonography of @entity4 in XXXX : imaging features and histopathologic correlations.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity9 have recently been recognized as pancreatic or salivary gland lesions of IgG4-related @entity2 . These are frequently associated with elevated serum IgG4 levels. This study aimed to clarify clinical implications of serial changes of elevated serum IgG4 levels in IgG4-related @entity2 . METHODS: Serial changes of elevated serum IgG4 levels were examined in patients with IgG4-related @entity2 . @entity0 Serial changes of elevated serum IgG4 levels were examined in 44 @entity0 : @entity3 (n=24), @entity9 (n=8), @entity3 (n=5), @entity5 (n=1), @entity4 (n=1), @entity8 (n=1), @entity10 (n=1), @entity7 (n=1), idiopathic @entity3 (n=1), and @entity6 (n=1). RESULTS: The serum IgG4 levels decreased in all @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity9 after @entity1 therapy. The serum IgG4 levels were normalized in 46% of @entity3 @entity0 and 38% of @entity9 patients. The serum IgG4 levels were not normalized at remission in 3 of 4 relapsed @entity3 @entity0 , and re-elevation of serum IgG4 levels was detected in all relapsed patients. Elevated serum IgG4 levels decreased in 3 @entity0 with @entity3 after resection or chemotherapy, and decreased in @entity0 with @entity8 , @entity4 , and @entity7 after @entity1 therapy. CONCLUSION: Measurement of serial serum IgG4 levels is useful to determine the disease activity of IgG4-related @entity2 .

title: Serial changes of elevated serum IgG4 levels in IgG4-related XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Incidence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is rising more rapidly in the Western world than that of any other @entity1 . Despite advances in therapy, more than 50% of @entity0 have incurable disease at the time of presentation. This precludes curative treatment and makes palliative treatment a more realistic option for most of these @entity0 . @entity4 is the predominant symptom in more than 70% of @entity0 with @entity2 and although several management options have been developed in recent years to palliate this symptom, the optimum management is not established. @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are a well-established palliation modality for @entity4 in such @entity0 . Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is becoming a major issue in the evaluation of any therapeutic or palliative intervention. To date, only a few published studies can be found on Medline examining HRQoL in @entity0 with advanced @entity2 treated with @entity5 implantation. The aim of this study was to review the impact on HRQoL of @entity5 implantation as palliative treatment in @entity0 with @entity2 . All Medline articles regarding HRQoL in @entity0 with advanced @entity2 , particularly those related to @entity5 , were reviewed. In most studies, relief of @entity4 was the only aspect of HRQoL being measured and @entity5 implantation was compared with other palliative treatments such as brachytherapy and laser therapy. @entity5 insertion provides a @entity3 palliation of @entity4 compared to brachytherapy and no evidence was found to suggest that stent implantation is different to laser treatment in terms of improving @entity4 , recurrent @entity4 and better HRQoL, although @entity5 insertion has a better technical success rate and also reduces the number of repeat interventions.

title: Quality of life in @entity0 with esophageal stenting for the palliation of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Incidence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is rising more rapidly in the Western world than that of any other @entity1 . Despite advances in therapy, more than 50% of @entity0 have incurable disease at the time of presentation. This precludes curative treatment and makes palliative treatment a more realistic option for most of these @entity0 . @entity4 is the predominant symptom in more than 70% of @entity0 with @entity2 and although several management options have been developed in recent years to palliate this symptom, the optimum management is not established. @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are a well-established palliation modality for @entity4 in such @entity0 . Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is becoming a major issue in the evaluation of any therapeutic or palliative intervention. To date, only a few published studies can be found on Medline examining HRQoL in @entity0 with advanced @entity2 treated with @entity5 implantation. The aim of this study was to review the impact on HRQoL of @entity5 implantation as palliative treatment in @entity0 with @entity2 . All Medline articles regarding HRQoL in @entity0 with advanced @entity2 , particularly those related to @entity5 , were reviewed. In most studies, relief of @entity4 was the only aspect of HRQoL being measured and @entity5 implantation was compared with other palliative treatments such as brachytherapy and laser therapy. @entity5 insertion provides a @entity3 palliation of @entity4 compared to brachytherapy and no evidence was found to suggest that stent implantation is different to laser treatment in terms of improving @entity4 , recurrent @entity4 and better HRQoL, although @entity5 insertion has a better technical success rate and also reduces the number of repeat interventions.

title: Quality of life in XXXX with esophageal stenting for the palliation of @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We tested the short-term efficacy and feasibility of two stress education approaches toe the treatment of mild @entity1 in older African Americans. This was a randomized, controlled, single-blind trial with 3 months of follow-up in primary care, inner-city health center. Of 213 African American @entity0 and @entity0 screened, 127 individuals (aged 55 to 85 years with initial diastolic pressure of 90 to 109 mm Hg, systolic pressure of < or = 189 mm Hg, and final baseline blood pressure of < or = 179/104 mm Hg) were selected. Of these, 16 did not complete follow-up blood pressure measurements. Mental and physical stress reduction approaches (Transcendental Meditation and progressive @entity2 ) were compared with a lifestyle modification education control program and with each other. The primary outcome measures were changes in clinic diastolic and systolic pressures from baseline to final follow-up, measured by blinded observers. The secondary measures were linear blood pressure trends, changes in home blood pressure, and intervention compliance. Adjusted for significant baseline differences and compared with control, Transcendental Meditation reduced systolic pressure by 10.7 mm Hg (P < .0003) and diastolic pressure by 6.4 mm Hg (P <.00005). Progressive @entity2 lowered systolic pressure by 4.7 mm Hg (P = 0054) and diastolic pressure by 3.3 mm Hg (P <.02). The reductions in the Transcendental Meditation group were significantly greater than in the progressive @entity2 group for both systolic blood pressure (P = .02) and diastolic blood pressure (P = .03). Linear trend analysis confirmed these patterns.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A randomised controlled trial of stress reduction for XXXX in older African Americans.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is present in a majority of hemodialysis (HD) @entity0 and is among the strongest risk factors for cardiovascular events and mortality. Hemofiltration (HF), a purely convective dialysis treatment, has been associated with enhanced hemodynamic stability compared with HD, possibly as a result of a more physiologic removal of fluid and solutes. METHODS: In a randomized controlled study conducted at ten dialysis centers in Sweden and Denmark, incident @entity0 (HD <3 months) without clinical signs or history of @entity1 were randomized to treatment with either online, predilution HF or low-flux HD. The primary endpoint was change in @entity2 ( @entity2 ), as measured by two-dimensional M-mode and Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS: The analyses included 34 @entity0 (18 HF, 16 HD) followed for up to 2 years. At baseline, 65% of the @entity0 had @entity3 , but @entity2 did not differ between the study groups. In the HF group, @entity2 decreased by 22    48 g/m(2) during a mean treatment time of 19    7 months, while in the HD group the decrease was 15    57 g/m(2) during 16    7 months. As analyzed by MANOVA (mixed model), the difference in @entity2 over the whole period was statistically significant (p = 0.03) with a more favorable outcome in HF. Blood pressure and other study variables did not differ between the groups, but at baseline and throughout the study, HF @entity0 required heavier antihypertensive treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In incident dialysis @entity0 , long-term predilution HF, a purely convective dialysis treatment, is associated with a significantly more favorable development of @entity2 compared with regular low-flux HD. Considering the predictive strength of @entity2 as a risk factor, the quantitative difference between the treatments is of clinical importance.

title: XXXX in incident dialysis @entity0 randomized to treatment with hemofiltration or hemodialysis: results from the ProFil study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is present in a majority of hemodialysis (HD) @entity0 and is among the strongest risk factors for cardiovascular events and mortality. Hemofiltration (HF), a purely convective dialysis treatment, has been associated with enhanced hemodynamic stability compared with HD, possibly as a result of a more physiologic removal of fluid and solutes. METHODS: In a randomized controlled study conducted at ten dialysis centers in Sweden and Denmark, incident @entity0 (HD <3 months) without clinical signs or history of @entity1 were randomized to treatment with either online, predilution HF or low-flux HD. The primary endpoint was change in @entity2 ( @entity2 ), as measured by two-dimensional M-mode and Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS: The analyses included 34 @entity0 (18 HF, 16 HD) followed for up to 2 years. At baseline, 65% of the @entity0 had @entity3 , but @entity2 did not differ between the study groups. In the HF group, @entity2 decreased by 22    48 g/m(2) during a mean treatment time of 19    7 months, while in the HD group the decrease was 15    57 g/m(2) during 16    7 months. As analyzed by MANOVA (mixed model), the difference in @entity2 over the whole period was statistically significant (p = 0.03) with a more favorable outcome in HF. Blood pressure and other study variables did not differ between the groups, but at baseline and throughout the study, HF @entity0 required heavier antihypertensive treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In incident dialysis @entity0 , long-term predilution HF, a purely convective dialysis treatment, is associated with a significantly more favorable development of @entity2 compared with regular low-flux HD. Considering the predictive strength of @entity2 as a risk factor, the quantitative difference between the treatments is of clinical importance.

title: @entity3 in incident dialysis XXXX randomized to treatment with hemofiltration or hemodialysis: results from the ProFil study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the functional defects in two male @entity0 with progressive @entity3 and hybrid L-M cone pigment genes. METHODS: Clinical evaluation, standard electroretinography, and electrooculography were performed in two affected @entity0 and two family members. Measurements of spectral sensitivity and transient @entity4 were made in both @entity0 . RESULTS: In the @entity0 , visual acuity varied between 20/50 and 20/100. The electroretinogram showed reduced flicker responses. When light adapted, a-wave amplitudes were borderline, but b-wave amplitudes were reduced severely. Electroretinography with chromatic stimuli showed a difference between well-preserved responses to green and markedly reduced responses to red stimuli. Spectral sensitivity measurement revealed a lack of L (long-wavelength sensitive; red) cone function and normal function of the S (short-wavelength sensitive; blue) and M (middle-wavelength sensitive; green) cones. Transient @entity4 was abnormal, indicating a severe disturbance of cone-cone interaction. CONCLUSIONS: Progressive @entity3 with @entity1 of L cones exists in both @entity0 . The @entity3 may be caused by a rearrangement of the X-chromosome pigment gene array that is associated with the deletion of L-cone sequences and the formation of hybrid L-M cone pigment genes. It cannot be excluded, however, that both @entity0 have @entity2 and that @entity3 developed because of other causes.

title: Selective XXXX with protan genotype.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity7 is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes. We report on eight @entity0 in whom the clinical diagnosis was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence. The @entity0 ' age averaged 69 years; seven were female and one male. Initial symptoms were @entity5 of the oral mucous membranes in four @entity0 , @entity1 in three @entity0 , and in one @entity0 an ocular involvement was the first manifestation of the disease. Indirect immunofluorescence on @entity4 -split @entity0 skin revealed circulating IgG antibodies binding to the roof of the artificial blister in three @entity0 . Immunoblotting of epidermal and dermal extracts disclosed binding of IgG antibodies of one of these @entity0 to an epidermal 230-kD protein, whereas IgA-antibodies showed no specific binding. In four of five @entity0 with a strong ocular involvement IgA deposits were found by direct immunofluorescence. These studies were done on biopsies of perilesional skin or oral mucous membranes, and they were positive in one @entity0 even before the first @entity6 appeared. Therefore, finding of IgA deposits by direct immunofluorescence may be taken as a prognostic criterion allowing selection of the proper treatment. We treated six @entity0 with a @entity2 - @entity3 pulse therapy, while two @entity0 received dapsone orally. The involvement of skin and oral mucous membrane responded well to both regimens, whereas the @entity6 were progressive, except in one @entity0 . On the basis of our eight cases, we discuss both options and limitations in the treatment of cicatricial pemphigoid and review new aspects of the pathogenesis of this disease.

title: [ XXXX --a therapeutic problem].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Neural @entity2 -binding proteins (NCaPs) constitute a subfamily of 4-EF-hand proteins, and display a histological and structural dichotomy: the A-type NCaPs are selectively expressed by the retina and pineal organ and display two canonical EF-hands, whereas the B-type NCaPs are found in the entire brain and present three regular EF-hands. In this study, antisera were raised against the A-type NCaP @entity5 (26 kDa) and the B-type NCaPs @entity6 and @entity7 (22 kDa). Since the sequence identity among NCaPs is high, specific polyclonal antibodies were purified by double cross-immunoaffinity chromatography; both ELISA and immunoblot analyses determined that the resulting antibodies showed selectivity ratios inferior to 1/363 for the two other related NCaPs. Besides, the anti- @entity6 antibodies displayed some affinity toward @entity8 , and the antirecoverin antibodies recognized a 24 kDa protein, which is most likely visinin. Thus, immunohistochemical studies on the @entity4 , @entity1 and @entity3 retina revealed that anti- @entity5 antibodies recognized the vertebrate photoreceptors and a small number of @entity0 bipolar cells. Anti- @entity6 antibodies exclusively labelled the inner retina, i.e. the amacrine and ganglion cells. @entity7 was mainly present in the photoreceptor inner segments, the inner plexiform layer and the ganglion cells. @entity7 showed the highest species disparity. The retinal localization of @entity7 and @entity6 offered an important morphological basis for the understanding of their function. Furthermore, specific antibodies against the NCaPs may enable the identification of cell populations in more complex neural tissues, such as the brain.

title: Distribution pattern of three neural calcium-binding proteins (NCS-1, VILIP and XXXX ) in @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity1 retina.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Neural @entity2 -binding proteins (NCaPs) constitute a subfamily of 4-EF-hand proteins, and display a histological and structural dichotomy: the A-type NCaPs are selectively expressed by the retina and pineal organ and display two canonical EF-hands, whereas the B-type NCaPs are found in the entire brain and present three regular EF-hands. In this study, antisera were raised against the A-type NCaP @entity5 (26 kDa) and the B-type NCaPs @entity6 and @entity7 (22 kDa). Since the sequence identity among NCaPs is high, specific polyclonal antibodies were purified by double cross-immunoaffinity chromatography; both ELISA and immunoblot analyses determined that the resulting antibodies showed selectivity ratios inferior to 1/363 for the two other related NCaPs. Besides, the anti- @entity6 antibodies displayed some affinity toward @entity8 , and the antirecoverin antibodies recognized a 24 kDa protein, which is most likely visinin. Thus, immunohistochemical studies on the @entity4 , @entity1 and @entity3 retina revealed that anti- @entity5 antibodies recognized the vertebrate photoreceptors and a small number of @entity0 bipolar cells. Anti- @entity6 antibodies exclusively labelled the inner retina, i.e. the amacrine and ganglion cells. @entity7 was mainly present in the photoreceptor inner segments, the inner plexiform layer and the ganglion cells. @entity7 showed the highest species disparity. The retinal localization of @entity7 and @entity6 offered an important morphological basis for the understanding of their function. Furthermore, specific antibodies against the NCaPs may enable the identification of cell populations in more complex neural tissues, such as the brain.

title: Distribution pattern of three neural calcium-binding proteins (NCS-1, VILIP and @entity5 ) in @entity4 , XXXX and @entity1 retina.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Neural @entity2 -binding proteins (NCaPs) constitute a subfamily of 4-EF-hand proteins, and display a histological and structural dichotomy: the A-type NCaPs are selectively expressed by the retina and pineal organ and display two canonical EF-hands, whereas the B-type NCaPs are found in the entire brain and present three regular EF-hands. In this study, antisera were raised against the A-type NCaP @entity5 (26 kDa) and the B-type NCaPs @entity6 and @entity7 (22 kDa). Since the sequence identity among NCaPs is high, specific polyclonal antibodies were purified by double cross-immunoaffinity chromatography; both ELISA and immunoblot analyses determined that the resulting antibodies showed selectivity ratios inferior to 1/363 for the two other related NCaPs. Besides, the anti- @entity6 antibodies displayed some affinity toward @entity8 , and the antirecoverin antibodies recognized a 24 kDa protein, which is most likely visinin. Thus, immunohistochemical studies on the @entity4 , @entity1 and @entity3 retina revealed that anti- @entity5 antibodies recognized the vertebrate photoreceptors and a small number of @entity0 bipolar cells. Anti- @entity6 antibodies exclusively labelled the inner retina, i.e. the amacrine and ganglion cells. @entity7 was mainly present in the photoreceptor inner segments, the inner plexiform layer and the ganglion cells. @entity7 showed the highest species disparity. The retinal localization of @entity7 and @entity6 offered an important morphological basis for the understanding of their function. Furthermore, specific antibodies against the NCaPs may enable the identification of cell populations in more complex neural tissues, such as the brain.

title: Distribution pattern of three neural calcium-binding proteins (NCS-1, VILIP and @entity5 ) in XXXX , @entity3 and @entity1 retina.

answer: @entity4