abstract: BACKGROUND: Median survival of @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) has been estimated to be 12 years. Cholangiography is the gold standard for diagnosis but is rarely used in estimating prognosis. AIMS: To assess the natural history of Dutch @entity6 @entity0 and to evaluate the prognostic value of a cholangiographic classification system. @entity0 : A total of 174 @entity0 with established @entity6 attending a university hospital and three teaching hospitals from 1970 to 1999. METHODS: Charts were reviewed for validity and time of diagnosis, concurrent @entity1 , interventions, liver transplantation, occurrence of @entity2 , and @entity3 . Follow up data were obtained from the charts and from the attending clinician or family physician. Median follow up was 76 months (range 1-300). The earliest available cholangiography was scored using a radiological classification system for the severity of @entity7 , developed in our institution. Survival curves were computed by the Kaplan-Meier method. Cholangiographic staging was used to construct a prognostic model, applying Cox proportional hazards analysis. RESULTS: The estimated median survival from time of diagnosis to @entity3 from @entity4 or liver transplantation was 18 years. @entity2 was found in 18 (10%) @entity0 . Fourteen @entity0 (8%) underwent liver transplantation. Cholangiographic scoring was inversely correlated with survival. A combination of intrahepatic and extrahepatic scoring, together with age at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, proved strongly predictive of survival. CONCLUSIONS: The observed survival was considerably better than reported in earlier series from Sweden, the UK, and the USA. Classification and staging of @entity5 has prognostic value.

title: Natural history of XXXX and prognostic value of cholangiography in a Dutch population.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Increasing evidence suggests a role for immunologic vaccination and therapy in the management of minimal residual @entity2 . We have previously demonstrated a synergistic effect of combining the Th1 stimulating cytokine IL-12 with the co-stimulatory molecule @entity4 in @entity1 @entity2 vaccination therapy. We reasoned that the efficacy of such treatment might be further improved by incorporating additional gene products which enhance the function of antigen presenting cells. Studies were therefore conducted with @entity1 @entity2 BM1 cells expressing @entity5 (membrane bound or soluble forms) or @entity3 and the IL-12 x @entity4 combination. Single agent and combined therapeutic approaches were explored. All gene-modified BM1 cells, except BM1/IL-12 x @entity4 , developed @entity0 when subcutaneously injected into BALB/c @entity1 . As prophylactic @entity0 vaccines, the combined use of gene-modified BM1/sFlt3L+ @entity3 +IL-12 x @entity4 was most effective, providing 100% protection against subsequent parental BM1 @entity0 challenge. By comparison, only partial protection was observed with any single gene-engineered @entity0 vaccine. Notably, IL-12 x @entity4 coexpressing BM1 cell vaccines were the most effective therapeutic vaccine in a minimal disease model. Such protective vaccination was achieved by stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation and enhancement of cytotoxic lymphocyte activity.

title: Improved therapeutic outcome following combination immunogene vaccination therapy in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Increasing evidence suggests a role for immunologic vaccination and therapy in the management of minimal residual @entity2 . We have previously demonstrated a synergistic effect of combining the Th1 stimulating cytokine IL-12 with the co-stimulatory molecule @entity4 in @entity1 @entity2 vaccination therapy. We reasoned that the efficacy of such treatment might be further improved by incorporating additional gene products which enhance the function of antigen presenting cells. Studies were therefore conducted with @entity1 @entity2 BM1 cells expressing @entity5 (membrane bound or soluble forms) or @entity3 and the IL-12 x @entity4 combination. Single agent and combined therapeutic approaches were explored. All gene-modified BM1 cells, except BM1/IL-12 x @entity4 , developed @entity0 when subcutaneously injected into BALB/c @entity1 . As prophylactic @entity0 vaccines, the combined use of gene-modified BM1/sFlt3L+ @entity3 +IL-12 x @entity4 was most effective, providing 100% protection against subsequent parental BM1 @entity0 challenge. By comparison, only partial protection was observed with any single gene-engineered @entity0 vaccine. Notably, IL-12 x @entity4 coexpressing BM1 cell vaccines were the most effective therapeutic vaccine in a minimal disease model. Such protective vaccination was achieved by stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation and enhancement of cytotoxic lymphocyte activity.

title: Improved therapeutic outcome following combination immunogene vaccination therapy in XXXX @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Interventions for prevention and treatment of @entity2 increases in physical activity and, more recently, reductions in physical inactivity (sedentary behaviour such as television viewing). However, the evidence base for such strategies is extremely limited. The main aim of the present review was to update the systematic review and critical appraisal of evidence in the light of the recent rapid expansion of research in this area. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) that targeted activity or inactivity, that followed up @entity0 or adolescents for at least 1 year and that included an objective weight-related outcome measure were included. Trials were appraised using previously published criteria (Harbour _ Miller, 2001), and literature search strategies described previously (Reilly et al. 2002) were updated to May 2002. A total of four new @entity1 , two new systematic reviews and one meta-analysis were identified. The evidence base has increased markedly since the completion of earlier reviews, although high-quality evidence is still lacking. The evidence on childhood @entity2 prevention is not encouraging, although promising targets for prevention are now clear, notably reduction in sedentary behaviour. There is stronger evidence that targeting activity and/or inactivity might be effective in paediatric @entity2 treatment, but doubts as to the generalisability of existing interventions, and the clinical relevance of the interventions is unclear. Further research in settings outside the USA is urgently needed, and two ongoing @entity1 in Scotland are summarised.

title: Physical activity interventions in the prevention and treatment of paediatric XXXX : systematic review and critical appraisal.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A retrospective analysis of 66 cases of @entity3 presenting as a solitary thyroid nodule (STN) from an endemic area is presented herein. The workup included TSH estimation and radionuclide scanning and @entity0 were divided into two groups. Group A included cases of STN @entity2 diagnosed histologically in @entity0 clinically presenting as a benign STN. Of all the @entity0 who presented with a benign STN, @entity1 was found more frequently in 'cold' nodules (13.5 per cent), than in nodules with a different presentation on scintiscanning (0-9.5 per cent). @entity1 occurred in 5 per cent of the females and in 19.5 per cent of the males. Group B included @entity0 with overt signs of @entity1 . In both groups, the clinical behaviour was determined by the stage at presentation according to TNM classification. TNM staging was found to be a good prognostic indicator, comparable to histopathology. Thus, locoregional recurrence and mortality were found to be higher in advanced T3 lesions and in Group B @entity0 . On the basis of these findings it is suggested that @entity3 may either be an earlier stage of the disease or that the @entity3 in the two groups may be separate disease entities.

title: XXXX in an endemic area presenting as solitary thyroid nodules.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Three @entity0 @entity3 cell lines, NU-GC-2, NU-GC-3 and NU-GC-4 were established in vitro from the @entity2 tissues obtained from 3 @entity0 during surgery. The pathological findings of the @entity3 of these cases revealed poorly differentiated @entity4 (and partial @entity7 in the case of NU-GC-4). NU-GC-2 and NU-GC-4 were originally obtained from metastatic paragastric lymph nodes and NU-GC-3 was obtained from a @entity1 in the brachial muscle. The cells of NU-GC-2 and NU-GC-3 are polygonal in shape and grow as a monolayer sheet. NU-GC-4 cells, however, are mainly spherical in shape with a few free floating cells. Electron microscopy revealed epithelial characteristics in all 3 cell lines. The average doubling time of NU-GC-2 was 36.1 hours, that of NU-GC-3 was 38.2 hours and that of NU-GC-4 was 29.9 hours. The modal chromosome number of NU-GC-2 was 62, that of NU-GC-3 was 58 and those of NU-GC-4 grown in in vitro and in vivo were 52-54 and 53, respectively. In vitro and in vivo lines of NU-GC-4 were established from the same @entity2 . These two cell lines are quite similar in morphology, but slightly different in karyotype. The in vitro sensitivity to anticancer agents was highest in NU-GC-4 and lowest in NU-GC-2. Of the anticancer agents, @entity6 and @entity5 were most effective on the cells of all 3 cell lines.

title: Characteristics of three @entity0 XXXX cell lines, NU-GC-2, NU-GC-3 and NU-GC-4.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Three @entity0 @entity3 cell lines, NU-GC-2, NU-GC-3 and NU-GC-4 were established in vitro from the @entity2 tissues obtained from 3 @entity0 during surgery. The pathological findings of the @entity3 of these cases revealed poorly differentiated @entity4 (and partial @entity7 in the case of NU-GC-4). NU-GC-2 and NU-GC-4 were originally obtained from metastatic paragastric lymph nodes and NU-GC-3 was obtained from a @entity1 in the brachial muscle. The cells of NU-GC-2 and NU-GC-3 are polygonal in shape and grow as a monolayer sheet. NU-GC-4 cells, however, are mainly spherical in shape with a few free floating cells. Electron microscopy revealed epithelial characteristics in all 3 cell lines. The average doubling time of NU-GC-2 was 36.1 hours, that of NU-GC-3 was 38.2 hours and that of NU-GC-4 was 29.9 hours. The modal chromosome number of NU-GC-2 was 62, that of NU-GC-3 was 58 and those of NU-GC-4 grown in in vitro and in vivo were 52-54 and 53, respectively. In vitro and in vivo lines of NU-GC-4 were established from the same @entity2 . These two cell lines are quite similar in morphology, but slightly different in karyotype. The in vitro sensitivity to anticancer agents was highest in NU-GC-4 and lowest in NU-GC-2. Of the anticancer agents, @entity6 and @entity5 were most effective on the cells of all 3 cell lines.

title: Characteristics of three XXXX @entity3 cell lines, NU-GC-2, NU-GC-3 and NU-GC-4.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Internal @entity4 follows @entity3 in about 10%. Progression is directly related to the degree of @entity3 . Several studies confirmed that @entity1 may occur without an increase of intracranial pressure or head circumference. Assessment and therapeutic consequences depend entirely on sonographic and clinical criteria. In our series, 40 of 135 neonates with @entity3 developed internal @entity4 . Therapy was necessary in 35 @entity0 , 11 died. @entity7 were the most frequent therapeutic approach in 70% of the @entity0 . 40% required a shunt, usually a ventriculo-peritoneal system. In this group the proportion of Grade III and IV @entity3 was high. In 25% external drainage for one week was necessary. 10% were treated with @entity6 and @entity5 . By this therapy shunt placement could be avoided in 9 @entity0 (69.2%), in the group with @entity3 . In addition it was possible to postpone shunting to the third month on the average. 25 @entity0 were followed-up. 40% were normal or had a mild @entity2 . 60% were seriously handicapped. Poor neurodevelopmental outcome was related directly to @entity3 Grade III and IV, therefore to @entity1 in the early phase. To prevent additional lesions it should be emphasized that in infantile @entity4 best long-term results have been obtained if the process was controlled early rather than later.

title: [Assessment and therapeutic possibilities in posthemorrhagic XXXX of the newborn @entity0 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Internal @entity4 follows @entity3 in about 10%. Progression is directly related to the degree of @entity3 . Several studies confirmed that @entity1 may occur without an increase of intracranial pressure or head circumference. Assessment and therapeutic consequences depend entirely on sonographic and clinical criteria. In our series, 40 of 135 neonates with @entity3 developed internal @entity4 . Therapy was necessary in 35 @entity0 , 11 died. @entity7 were the most frequent therapeutic approach in 70% of the @entity0 . 40% required a shunt, usually a ventriculo-peritoneal system. In this group the proportion of Grade III and IV @entity3 was high. In 25% external drainage for one week was necessary. 10% were treated with @entity6 and @entity5 . By this therapy shunt placement could be avoided in 9 @entity0 (69.2%), in the group with @entity3 . In addition it was possible to postpone shunting to the third month on the average. 25 @entity0 were followed-up. 40% were normal or had a mild @entity2 . 60% were seriously handicapped. Poor neurodevelopmental outcome was related directly to @entity3 Grade III and IV, therefore to @entity1 in the early phase. To prevent additional lesions it should be emphasized that in infantile @entity4 best long-term results have been obtained if the process was controlled early rather than later.

title: [Assessment and therapeutic possibilities in posthemorrhagic @entity4 of the newborn XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study was conducted to assess the protective effects of antegrade infusion of cardioplegic solution with simultaneously controlled coronary sinus occlusion on regionally ischemic myocardium after acute @entity4 and reperfusion. Twelve @entity1 were subjected to 1 hour of occlusion of the distal left anterior descending coronary artery. @entity1 in group I (n = 6) were subjected only to infusion of @entity2 crystalloid cardioplegic solution into the aortic root, whereas in group II (n = 6) a stitch was snared around the proximal coronary sinus for its subsequent occlusion during antegrade infusions of cardioplegic solution. All animals were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass. Five hundred milliliters of cardioplegic solution at 4 degrees to 8 degrees C was administered in three divided doses during the total cross-clamp period of 30 minutes. The occlusion of the left anterior descending artery was then released, and the animals were weaned from bypass and studied for an additional 4 hours. Coronary sinus pressure, myocardial temperature, regional function assessed by pairs of ultrasonic crystals, global function assessed by rate of rise of @entity3 , and the area at risk and area of @entity0 were determined. The heart was excised at the end of the experiment and stained. Animals treated by the technique of antegrade infusion combined with coronary sinus occlusion had more homogeneous myocardial cooling during cardioplegic infusions and better recovery of the first derivative of left ventricular pressure and regional segment shortening at 90 and 270 minutes of reperfusion than those treated with antegrade infusion alone (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively). The group treated by antegrade infusion of cardioplegic solution combined with coronary sinus occlusion had an area of @entity0 /area at risk ratio of 40.5% +/- 1.2%; the antegrade infusion group, 58.3% +/- 4.1% (p less than 0.01). These data suggest that antegrade infusion combined with coronary sinus occlusion may be an improved method of global and regional myocardial protection in the presence of an occluded coronary artery.

title: Effects of antegrade cardioplegic infusion with simultaneously controlled coronary sinus occlusion on preservation of regionally ischemic myocardium after acute XXXX and reperfusion.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Specific autoantibodies to vasoactive intestinal peptide were present in plasma from 29.6% healthy @entity0 subjects who habitually performed muscular exercise, compared to 2.3% healthy subjects who did not. Saturation analysis of @entity1 binding by the plasmas suggested the presence of 1 and 2 classes of autoantibodies in 5 and 3 high exercise subjects, respectively, distinguished by their equilibrium affinity constants (Ka). The mean Ka values for the high and low affinity autoantibody classes were, respectively, 1.3 x 10(8) M-1 and 0.8 x 10(7) M-1. These values are lower than the Ka range reported previously for tissue @entity1 receptors (G. Rosselin. Peptides 7, Suppl. 1, 89, 1986) but are larger than the inverse Michaelis constant (1/Km) for @entity1 -degrading proteases (T.N. Keltz, E. Straus, R.S. Yalow. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 92, 669, 1980). The autoantibodies may not interfere with @entity1 -receptor binding but are potential inhibitors of the proteolytic inactivation of @entity1 .

title: XXXX autoantibody to vasoactive intestinal peptide: increased incidence in muscular exercise.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: After sphincter-sparing core fistulectomy for @entity1 most surgeons advance a rectal mucosal flap to reinforce closure of the internal opening. Our own method having for many years been simple appositional closure the resulting series presented an opportunity for comparison. @entity0 AND METHODS: From November 1987 to January 2001, 44 @entity0 underwent 46 core fistulectomies with flap-less direct appositional closure in our unit. Records were kept prospectively. Twenty-six fistulae (in 28 @entity0 ) appeared healed at two to five months follow-up and the @entity0 had been discharged. A full review was mounted in May 2001, when 16 of the healed @entity0 could be contacted and questionnaires completed. Two @entity0 were excluded from the study. RESULTS: The procedure failed in 16 @entity0 initially and was found to have done so in two more at long-term follow-up (41% overall). Three @entity0 had died and five could not be traced. CONCLUSION: Simple appositional closure after core fistulectomy for @entity1 seems inferior to methods using flap reinforcement.

title: Direct appositional (no flap) closure of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to contribute to the evaluation of long-term external beam radiation treatment in @entity0 with subfoveal occult choroidal neovessels complicated with pigment epithelium detachment in age-related @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study of ten @entity0 with a mean age of 75 years and a mean follow-up of 18.7 months. External beam radiation of 14.4 Gy was administered with a daily dose of 1.8 Gy. The efficacy of the treatment was assessed based on visual acuity, the size of the membrane and the persistence or not of neovascular activity. RESULTS: We observed stabilization of visual acuity in 44% of the cases at 6 months but only in 20% at 19 and 30 months. The mean initial visual acuity was measured at 0.2 at presentation and 0.1 at the final evaluation. At the end of the study, 60% of @entity0 attained the level of @entity3 ; 90% of @entity0 developed a @entity4 , with persistence of neovascular activity in 27% of the cases. On @entity1 angiography, the size of pigment epithelium detachment increased more than one optic disc diameter in 20% of the cases at 1 year. On the other hand, no radiation complication was observed. DISCUSSION: The visual and anatomical results of our study are similar to the natural progression of occult neovascular membrane. External beam radiation at a dose of 14.4 Gy did not seem to provide a long-term benefit in the treatment of subfoveal occult neovessels associated with pigment epithelium detachment.

title: [External beam radiation in treatment of subfoveal vascularized pigment epithelium detachment in age-related XXXX . Long-term results of a pilot study].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: A proinflammatory state is recognized in @entity4 and the degree of immune activation corresponds to disease severity and prognosis. Training is known to improve symptoms in @entity4 but less is known about the effects of specific forms of training on the proinflammatory state. METHODS: Forty-six @entity0 with stable @entity4 underwent a home-based program of exercise training for 30 minutes a day, 5 days per week over a 6-week period. Twenty-four used a bicycle ergometer and 22 used an electrical muscle stimulator applied to quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscles. Tumour @entity1 factor-alpha ( @entity2 ), @entity2 soluble receptors 1 and 2, @entity3 , and @entity5 were measured before and after the training period. RESULTS: Significant improvements in markers of exercise performance were seen in both training groups. Soluble @entity2 receptor 2 levels decreased after training in the bike group only (2900 +/- 1069 pg/mL to 2625 +/- 821 pg/mL, P =.013). Trends towards a decrease in levels of @entity2 and soluble receptor 1 were also seen in the bike group only. No change in circulating inflammatory markers was observed after stimulator training. CONCLUSIONS: Physical training improves exercise capacity for @entity0 with @entity4 but degree of attenuation of the proinflammatory response may depend on the mode of training despite similar improvements in exercise capacity.

title: Change in circulating cytokines after 2 forms of exercise training in chronic stable XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) offers the lowest reported rates of local recurrence and the best survival results in @entity0 with @entity1 . However, the laparoscopic approach to resection for @entity2 remains controversial due to fears that oncologic principles will be compromised. We assessed the feasibility, safety and long-term outcome of @entity1 resections following the principles of @entity3 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the perioperative outcome and long-term results of laparoscopic @entity3 . METHODS: We reviewed the prospective database of 102 consecutive unselected @entity0 undergoing laparoscopic @entity3 for @entity1 between November 1991 and December 2000. Follow-up was done through office charts or direct @entity0 contact. Recurrence and survival curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Laparoscopic @entity3 was completed successfully in 99 @entity0 , whereas conversion to an open approach was required in three cases (3%). The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 27% and 2%, respectively, with an overall anastomotic leak rate of 17%. Of the 102 @entity0 , four were excluded from the oncologic evaluation because final pathology was not confirmatory (two had anal @entity4 and two had @entity6 with @entity5 ). In 90 of the 98 remaining @entity0 (91.8%), the resection was considered curative. The remainder had a palliative resection due to synchronous metastatic disease or locally advanced disease. Mean follow-up was 36 months (range, 6-96). There were no trocar site recurrences. The local recurrence rate was 6%, and the @entity1 -specific survival of all curatively resected @entity0 was 75% at 5 years. The overall survival rate of all curatively resected @entity0 was 65% at 5 years; mean survival time was 6.23 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.39-7.07). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic @entity3 is feasible and safe. The laparoscopic approach to the surgical treatment of operable @entity1 does not seem to entail any oncologic disadvantages.

title: Laparoscopic XXXX ( @entity3 ) for @entity1 surgery: long-term outcomes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) offers the lowest reported rates of local recurrence and the best survival results in @entity0 with @entity1 . However, the laparoscopic approach to resection for @entity2 remains controversial due to fears that oncologic principles will be compromised. We assessed the feasibility, safety and long-term outcome of @entity1 resections following the principles of @entity3 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the perioperative outcome and long-term results of laparoscopic @entity3 . METHODS: We reviewed the prospective database of 102 consecutive unselected @entity0 undergoing laparoscopic @entity3 for @entity1 between November 1991 and December 2000. Follow-up was done through office charts or direct @entity0 contact. Recurrence and survival curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Laparoscopic @entity3 was completed successfully in 99 @entity0 , whereas conversion to an open approach was required in three cases (3%). The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 27% and 2%, respectively, with an overall anastomotic leak rate of 17%. Of the 102 @entity0 , four were excluded from the oncologic evaluation because final pathology was not confirmatory (two had anal @entity4 and two had @entity6 with @entity5 ). In 90 of the 98 remaining @entity0 (91.8%), the resection was considered curative. The remainder had a palliative resection due to synchronous metastatic disease or locally advanced disease. Mean follow-up was 36 months (range, 6-96). There were no trocar site recurrences. The local recurrence rate was 6%, and the @entity1 -specific survival of all curatively resected @entity0 was 75% at 5 years. The overall survival rate of all curatively resected @entity0 was 65% at 5 years; mean survival time was 6.23 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.39-7.07). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic @entity3 is feasible and safe. The laparoscopic approach to the surgical treatment of operable @entity1 does not seem to entail any oncologic disadvantages.

title: Laparoscopic @entity3 ( XXXX ) for @entity1 surgery: long-term outcomes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) offers the lowest reported rates of local recurrence and the best survival results in @entity0 with @entity1 . However, the laparoscopic approach to resection for @entity2 remains controversial due to fears that oncologic principles will be compromised. We assessed the feasibility, safety and long-term outcome of @entity1 resections following the principles of @entity3 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the perioperative outcome and long-term results of laparoscopic @entity3 . METHODS: We reviewed the prospective database of 102 consecutive unselected @entity0 undergoing laparoscopic @entity3 for @entity1 between November 1991 and December 2000. Follow-up was done through office charts or direct @entity0 contact. Recurrence and survival curves were generated by the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Laparoscopic @entity3 was completed successfully in 99 @entity0 , whereas conversion to an open approach was required in three cases (3%). The overall morbidity and mortality rates were 27% and 2%, respectively, with an overall anastomotic leak rate of 17%. Of the 102 @entity0 , four were excluded from the oncologic evaluation because final pathology was not confirmatory (two had anal @entity4 and two had @entity6 with @entity5 ). In 90 of the 98 remaining @entity0 (91.8%), the resection was considered curative. The remainder had a palliative resection due to synchronous metastatic disease or locally advanced disease. Mean follow-up was 36 months (range, 6-96). There were no trocar site recurrences. The local recurrence rate was 6%, and the @entity1 -specific survival of all curatively resected @entity0 was 75% at 5 years. The overall survival rate of all curatively resected @entity0 was 65% at 5 years; mean survival time was 6.23 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.39-7.07). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic @entity3 is feasible and safe. The laparoscopic approach to the surgical treatment of operable @entity1 does not seem to entail any oncologic disadvantages.

title: Laparoscopic @entity3 ( @entity3 ) for XXXX surgery: long-term outcomes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Acute peripheral @entity3 is associated with great risk to the @entity0 's limb and life. Failure to restore adequate arterial flow in a timely fashion can result in the development of irreversible tissue @entity5 and the opportunity for limb salvage is lost. On the other hand, @entity0 with @entity1 are often elderly and frail, and early invasive open surgical procedures without adequate preoperative stabilization and preparation result in an unacceptably high risk of perioperative @entity4 and @entity2 . Percutaneous methods designed to remove the intraluminal thrombus offer an alternative to immediate open surgical revascularization. These less invasive techniques constitute an option that is better tolerated in medically compromised @entity0 . The causative lesion can be precisely identified and the patency of outflow vessels can be restored. The lesion can then be addressed on an elective basis in a well-prepared @entity0 , using percutaneous or open surgical techniques to effect a durable long-term solution. The treatment options include primary surgical revascularization, thrombolytic therapy, percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy, or a combination of any of the three. Clinicians who themselves have the skills to perform a wide assortment of interventions ranging from percutaneous therapies through open surgical revascularization are best able to arrive at the most rational option for treating a specific clinical scenario. This article is directed at providing the practicing surgeon with a basic fund of knowledge on the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies useful in treating @entity0 with peripheral @entity3 . Only in this manner can we expect to reduce the high rate of morbidity and mortality that remains associated with these events.

title: Endovascular techniques in the treatment of XXXX : thrombolytic agents, trials, and percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy techniques.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Reported studies show that the systemic form of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a clonal expansion of Langerhans cells (LC) associated with aberrant expression of several oncogenes or @entity1 -suppressor genes. @entity4 of the lung is a heterogenous group of lesions thought to be a reactive rather than @entity1 . The histogenesis of the @entity4 of the lung is uncertain, and to date there are no studies investigating its underlying molecular abnormalities. We performed comparative genotypic analysis by using allelic loss (LOH) of polymorphic microsatellite markers associated with @entity1 suppressor genes. Fourteen cases of @entity2 -fixed, @entity3 -embedded @entity4 of the lung were studied. Microdissection of a total of 26 nodules from 14 @entity0 and paired reference lung tissue was performed under stereomicroscopic visualization. To evaluate allelic loss, we used a panel of 11 polymorphic microsatellite markers that were situated at or near @entity1 suppressor genes on chromosomes 1p, 1q, 3p, 5p, 9p, 17p, and 22q. The PCR products were analyzed by using capillary electrophoresis to identify germline heterozygous alleles and LOH. Allelic loss at 1 or more @entity1 suppressor gene loci was identified in 19 of 24 nodules. The total fractional allelic loss (FAL) ranged from 6% (1q) to 41% (22q), with a mean of 22%. The FAL in individual cases ranged from 0 (7 nodules) to 57% (1 nodule). Fifteen discordant allelic losses at 1 to 3 chromosomal loci were identified in 8 @entity0 with multiple synchronous nodules. Our results show that LOH of @entity1 suppressor genes is present in the @entity4 of the lung, and they indicate that the putative @entity1 suppressor genes situated on chromosomes 9p and 22q may play a role in the development of a subset of the @entity4 of the lung.

title: Genotypic analysis of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are still frequent side-effects after general anaesthesia. These unpleasant symptoms for the @entity0 can be sufficiently reduced using a multimodal antiemetic approach. However, these efforts should be restricted to risk @entity0 for @entity1 . Thus, predictive models are required to identify these @entity0 before surgery. So far all risk scores to predict @entity1 are based on results of logistic regression analysis. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) can also be used for prediction since they can take into account complex and non-linear relationships between predictive variables and the dependent item. This study presents the development of an @entity2 to predict @entity1 and compares its performance with two established simplified risk scores (Apfel's and Koivuranta's scores). METHODS: The development of the @entity2 was based on data from 1,764 @entity0 undergoing elective surgical procedures under balanced anaesthesia. The @entity2 was trained with 1,364 datasets and a further 400 were used for supervising the learning process. One of the 49 ANNs showing the best predictive performance was compared with the established risk scores with respect to practicability, discrimination (by means of the area under a receiver operating characteristics curve) and calibration properties (by means of a weighted linear regression between the predicted and the actual incidences of @entity1 ). RESULTS: The @entity2 tested showed a statistically significant ( p<0.0001) and clinically relevant higher discriminating power (0.74; 95% confidence interval: 0.70-0.78) than the Apfel score (0.66; 95% CI: 0.61-0.71) or Koivuranta's score (0.69; 95% CI: 0.65-0.74). Furthermore, the agreement between the actual incidences of @entity1 and those predicted by the @entity2 was also better and near to an ideal fit, represented by the equation y=1.0x+0. The equations for the calibration curves were: KNN y=1.11x+0, Apfel y=0.71x+1, Koivuranta 0.86x-5. CONCLUSION: The improved predictive accuracy achieved by the @entity2 is clinically relevant. However, the disadvantages of this system prevail because a computer is required for risk calculation. Thus, we still recommend the use of one of the simplified risk scores for clinical practice.

title: [Prediction of XXXX using an artificial neural network].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are the most common @entity2 of the gastrointestinal tract. @entity3 express KIT and show gain-of-function KIT mutations. Most of these mutations affect the KIT juxtamembrane domain, but other KIT domains are mutated at a lower frequency. In this study, frequency of GCC TAT insertion mutation ( @entity5 ) in KIT exon 9 (extracellular domain) and its possible clinicopathologic significance was investigated. Screening of 520 @entity3 identified 26 cases with @entity5 KIT mutation and confirmed the previously reported low frequency of this type of KIT mutation among @entity3 of different locations. Of the 26 @entity1 with @entity5 KIT mutation studied, 21 originated from the small intestine, 1 from the colon, and 3 from the rectum. In 1 case, primary small intestinal versus colonic localization could not be clearly established because of @entity4 . No distinctive morphological features were identified for the cohort of @entity1 defined by @entity5 KIT mutations. Most of the @entity1 showed predominant spindle cell morphology, and a few cases had epithelioid or pleomorphic histological features. Following previously published criteria based on @entity1 size and mitotic rate, 22 of 26 (85%) @entity1 were classified as malignant or potentially malignant, and 4 (15%) were classified as probably benign. A malignant clinical course was documented in 18 of 19 @entity1 from the malignant category. The survival times of 11 @entity0 who died of disseminated @entity3 ranged from 1 month to 105 months (median survival time, 26 months). In contrast, 2 of 4 @entity3 assigned as probably @entity1 with follow-up information had long disease-free survival. @entity3 carrying @entity5 occur exclusively in the intestinal location, and a great majority of these @entity1 follow a malignant course.

title: KIT XXXX mutation defines a subset of predominantly @entity3 of intestinal origin.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are the most common @entity2 of the gastrointestinal tract. @entity3 express KIT and show gain-of-function KIT mutations. Most of these mutations affect the KIT juxtamembrane domain, but other KIT domains are mutated at a lower frequency. In this study, frequency of GCC TAT insertion mutation ( @entity5 ) in KIT exon 9 (extracellular domain) and its possible clinicopathologic significance was investigated. Screening of 520 @entity3 identified 26 cases with @entity5 KIT mutation and confirmed the previously reported low frequency of this type of KIT mutation among @entity3 of different locations. Of the 26 @entity1 with @entity5 KIT mutation studied, 21 originated from the small intestine, 1 from the colon, and 3 from the rectum. In 1 case, primary small intestinal versus colonic localization could not be clearly established because of @entity4 . No distinctive morphological features were identified for the cohort of @entity1 defined by @entity5 KIT mutations. Most of the @entity1 showed predominant spindle cell morphology, and a few cases had epithelioid or pleomorphic histological features. Following previously published criteria based on @entity1 size and mitotic rate, 22 of 26 (85%) @entity1 were classified as malignant or potentially malignant, and 4 (15%) were classified as probably benign. A malignant clinical course was documented in 18 of 19 @entity1 from the malignant category. The survival times of 11 @entity0 who died of disseminated @entity3 ranged from 1 month to 105 months (median survival time, 26 months). In contrast, 2 of 4 @entity3 assigned as probably @entity1 with follow-up information had long disease-free survival. @entity3 carrying @entity5 occur exclusively in the intestinal location, and a great majority of these @entity1 follow a malignant course.

title: KIT @entity5 mutation defines a subset of predominantly XXXX of intestinal origin.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Brain cells are continuously exposed to reactive @entity3 species generated by oxidative metabolism, and in certain pathological conditions defence mechanisms against @entity3 radicals may be weakened and/or overwhelmed. DNA is a potential target for oxidative damage, and genomic damage can contribute to neuropathogenesis. It is important, therefore, to identify tools for the quantitative analysis of DNA damage in models of @entity1 . The aim of this study was to compare the susceptibility of DNA to oxidative stress in cells freshly dissociated from the @entity2 brain, to that in cultured brain cells. Both primary cultures and a continuous cell line of astrocytes were considered. All cells were treated by @entity9 / @entity9 oxidase, a @entity5 generator or @entity6 , applied alone or in the presence of the @entity3 radical scavengers, @entity5 dismutase, @entity8 , or ascorbic acid. DNA damage, quantified with the Comet assay, was consistent in all the different cell preparations exposed to oxidative stress, and was attenuated in similar ways by @entity5 dismutase and @entity8 , scavengers of @entity5 anion and @entity6 , respectively. The results with @entity7 were more variable, presumably because this compound may switch from anti- to pro-oxidant status depending on its concentration and other experimental conditions. Overall, similar responses were found in freshly dissociated and cultured brain cells. These results suggest that the Comet assay can be directly applied to cells freshly dissociated from the brain of rodents, including models of @entity1 , such as @entity4 models and animals with targeted mutations that mimic @entity0 diseases.

title: XXXX -induced DNA damage in freshly isolated brain cells compared with cultured astrocytes in the Comet assay.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite advances in therapies for @entity0 , improvement in survival for @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic @entity0 has been difficult to establish. The objective of the current study was to determine whether the survival of @entity1 with recurrent @entity0 has improved from 1974 to 2000. METHODS: The authors analyzed the survival experience of 834 @entity1 who developed recurrent @entity0 between November 1974 and December 2000. All @entity1 had been treated previously with adjuvant @entity4 -based protocols. @entity1 were divided into five consecutive groups based on year of @entity0 recurrence, and survival was compared across the five groups. Because some prognostic variables were divided unevenly divided among the cohorts, a multivariate model was created to determine the association of year of recurrence and survival after accounting for other prognostic factors. RESULTS: In the unadjusted analysis, there was a statistically significant improvement in survival across the five groups, and the more recent cohorts had longer survival (P < 0.001). Other variables that predicted longer survival after @entity0 recurrence included smaller @entity2 size, lower stage of disease, fewer lymph nodes involved, longer disease-free interval, @entity3 receptor-positive @entity2 , and nonvisceral dominant site of disease recurrence. In the multivariate analysis, which adjusted for these prognostic factors, year of recurrence was associated with a trend toward improved survival, with a 1% reduction in risk for each increasing year. CONCLUSIONS: For these cohorts of @entity1 , the authors present data suggesting that the prognosis for @entity1 with recurrent @entity0 improved between 1974 and 2000.

title: Is XXXX survival improving?

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of the current study was to determine the @entity5 and objective response rates and the pharmacokinetics associated with a monthly x 3 one-hour infusion of @entity6 in 58 @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: A @entity5 response was defined as a > 50% reduction in the @entity5 level from baseline for at least 3 consecutive evaluations over a minimum of 6 weeks. The @entity6 dose was 2400 mg/m(2) taken intravenously on Day 1, 1620 mg/m(2) on Day 29, and 1292 mg/m(2) on Day 57. All @entity0 received 0.5 mg @entity3 twice daily. RESULTS: Among 56 evaluable @entity0 (median entry @entity5 level, 229.5 ng/mL), there were 21 @entity5 responders (37.5%). Among 27 @entity0 with measurable disease, there were 5 responders (4 partial and 1 complete). The median overall survival time was 15.3 months. @entity4 (14.1%) was the predominant @entity1 observed. @entity6 plasma levels remained high even 3 months after treatment was discontinued. Among the 12 evaluable @entity0 who previously had received chemotherapy, the @entity5 response rate was 42%; one response was observed among 4 @entity0 with measurable disease, and the median survival was 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Monthly bolus @entity6 was well tolerated, reduced @entity5 levels, and induced objective responses, even in @entity0 who previously had received chemotherapy.

title: A Phase II trial of XXXX monthly x 3 for @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of the current study was to determine the @entity5 and objective response rates and the pharmacokinetics associated with a monthly x 3 one-hour infusion of @entity6 in 58 @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: A @entity5 response was defined as a > 50% reduction in the @entity5 level from baseline for at least 3 consecutive evaluations over a minimum of 6 weeks. The @entity6 dose was 2400 mg/m(2) taken intravenously on Day 1, 1620 mg/m(2) on Day 29, and 1292 mg/m(2) on Day 57. All @entity0 received 0.5 mg @entity3 twice daily. RESULTS: Among 56 evaluable @entity0 (median entry @entity5 level, 229.5 ng/mL), there were 21 @entity5 responders (37.5%). Among 27 @entity0 with measurable disease, there were 5 responders (4 partial and 1 complete). The median overall survival time was 15.3 months. @entity4 (14.1%) was the predominant @entity1 observed. @entity6 plasma levels remained high even 3 months after treatment was discontinued. Among the 12 evaluable @entity0 who previously had received chemotherapy, the @entity5 response rate was 42%; one response was observed among 4 @entity0 with measurable disease, and the median survival was 12 months. CONCLUSIONS: Monthly bolus @entity6 was well tolerated, reduced @entity5 levels, and induced objective responses, even in @entity0 who previously had received chemotherapy.

title: A Phase II trial of @entity6 monthly x 3 for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Endogenous sex @entity4 seem to exert a major influence on plasma lipoprotein levels. During menopause, endogenous @entity1 (E2) levels decrease, and the low-density lipoprotein @entity2 concentration, which gradually increases with age, rises more rapidly, with mean plasma levels exceeding those of age-matched @entity0 . It is surprising that the reduction of endogenous E2 does not appear to influence high-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels. @entity0 who experience early menopause have a higher incidence of @entity5 than do premenopausal @entity0 of similar age; however, this risk is decreased in @entity0 treated with oral @entity3 . Oral administration of E2 increases plasma concentrations of @entity6 , E2, and high-density lipoprotein @entity2 , and decreases plasma concentrations of total and low-density lipoprotein @entity2 . This effect seems to be dose-dependent. Increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity2 concentration depends primarily on an @entity9 subfraction increase. It is interesting to speculate that the effects of oral @entity3 replacement on plasma lipoproteins might be important in reducing @entity5 risk. Sequential addition of progestogens attenuates the effects of @entity3 on plasma lipids and lipoproteins to some degree. However, the type and dose of the progestogen are important. Most progestogens derived from @entity8 , for example, reduce high-density lipoprotein @entity2 and, in higher doses, increase low-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels. In contrast, progestogens derived from @entity7 exert only minor effects on plasma lipoproteins. As with oral contraceptives, the net effect of @entity3 -progestogen replacement therapy on plasma lipoproteins depends on the dose and potency of the involved drugs.

title: The effects of XXXX on blood lipids and lipoproteins in postmenopausal @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Endogenous sex @entity4 seem to exert a major influence on plasma lipoprotein levels. During menopause, endogenous @entity1 (E2) levels decrease, and the low-density lipoprotein @entity2 concentration, which gradually increases with age, rises more rapidly, with mean plasma levels exceeding those of age-matched @entity0 . It is surprising that the reduction of endogenous E2 does not appear to influence high-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels. @entity0 who experience early menopause have a higher incidence of @entity5 than do premenopausal @entity0 of similar age; however, this risk is decreased in @entity0 treated with oral @entity3 . Oral administration of E2 increases plasma concentrations of @entity6 , E2, and high-density lipoprotein @entity2 , and decreases plasma concentrations of total and low-density lipoprotein @entity2 . This effect seems to be dose-dependent. Increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity2 concentration depends primarily on an @entity9 subfraction increase. It is interesting to speculate that the effects of oral @entity3 replacement on plasma lipoproteins might be important in reducing @entity5 risk. Sequential addition of progestogens attenuates the effects of @entity3 on plasma lipids and lipoproteins to some degree. However, the type and dose of the progestogen are important. Most progestogens derived from @entity8 , for example, reduce high-density lipoprotein @entity2 and, in higher doses, increase low-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels. In contrast, progestogens derived from @entity7 exert only minor effects on plasma lipoproteins. As with oral contraceptives, the net effect of @entity3 -progestogen replacement therapy on plasma lipoproteins depends on the dose and potency of the involved drugs.

title: The effects of @entity1 on blood lipids and lipoproteins in postmenopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Pediatric nonfunctioning @entity4 is a very rare @entity1 . A 4-year-old @entity0 was admitted complaining of @entity2 . Physical examination revealed an abdominal mass. There were no clinical or laboratory signs of hormonal abnormality. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a polylobular mass. Intravenous pyelography showed marked compression of the kidney by a @entity1 . The @entity1 was excised together with the right kidney. The histopathological diagnosis was @entity4 . Although there is a greater incidence of germ line @entity3 mutations with @entity4 , the @entity1 suppressor gene @entity3 was not mutated in our case. The @entity0 died 2 months after surgery from complications of chemotherapy.

title: Nonfunctioning XXXX in a @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Pediatric nonfunctioning @entity4 is a very rare @entity1 . A 4-year-old @entity0 was admitted complaining of @entity2 . Physical examination revealed an abdominal mass. There were no clinical or laboratory signs of hormonal abnormality. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed a polylobular mass. Intravenous pyelography showed marked compression of the kidney by a @entity1 . The @entity1 was excised together with the right kidney. The histopathological diagnosis was @entity4 . Although there is a greater incidence of germ line @entity3 mutations with @entity4 , the @entity1 suppressor gene @entity3 was not mutated in our case. The @entity0 died 2 months after surgery from complications of chemotherapy.

title: Nonfunctioning @entity4 in a XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: TYPE OF STUDY: Case report. SETTING: Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, 2nd Medical Faculty Charles University and Faculty Hospital Motol, Department of Hematology and blood transfusion, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, 1st Medical Faculty Charles University and General Faculty Hospital, Prague. METHODS: The authors present two cases of pregnant @entity0 with @entity7 . This rare hereditary trombocytopenia is characterized with the presence of megathrombocytes and typical basophilie inclusions (Dahli's inclusions) in granulocyte cytoplasma in blood count. Clinically, there are possible haemmorrhagic @entity6 in this anomaly [13]. The course of pregnancy was uncomplicated in both cases. The values of thrombocytes fluctuated between 22-34 x 10(9)/l and 17-27 x 10(9)/l respectively. The response on the @entity1 administration was minimal. The pregnancy was terminated with caesarean section in general anesthesia in both cases. The indication in the first case was, after the neonatologist consultation with hematologist on duty, the anomaly itself. In the second case it was primarily decided to conduct the labor vaginally. It was necessary to start the induction of labor for the development preeclamptic signs. This @entity5 induction was unsuccessful and therefor was the labor also terminated with s.c. Both delivered neonates were in @entity4 without clinical or lab signs of the disease. The neonate in the second case was of borderline trophicity. The s.c. were secured with transfusions of thrombocytes and carried out without any complications in both cases. The blood losses were 400 and 700 ml without necessity of erythrocyte transfusions. The postoperative course was also uncomplicated in both cases. Both @entity0 with their @entity0 were released from hospital on the 6th postoperative day. CONCLUSION: There are about 20 published papers of authors describing pregnancy with this rare anomaly. The efforts of haemmorrhage are very rare, the course of pregnancy is usually not disturbed [7, 8, 9, 11]. Some authors alert on possible higher risk intrauterine growth restriction [4]. The risk of @entity3 is from all available, data also small and there is no need of prenatal invasive investigation (cordocentesis) [11]. The mode of delivery depends only on the obstetrics and indications, vaginal labor is not associated with higher risk for the fetus [2, 3, 5, 6, 10]. The treatment with @entity2 or immunoglobulins in cases when the clinical symptomatology appear is only little effective, administration of thrombocytes transfusions are useful [8, 9]. When the anesthesia is necessary, general anesthesia is preferred because of higher risk of local haemmorrhage complications in cases of epidural or spinal analgesia [10, 14].

title: [The XXXX in pregnancy. 2 case reports].

answer: @entity7


abstract: This investigation examined the in vitro and ex vivo antimicrobial effects of a new dentifrice, Colgate Total Advanced Fresh, formulated with @entity7 /copolymer/ @entity3 , on oral bacteria, including those odorigenic bacteria implicated in bad breath. The effects of Colgate Total Advanced Fresh were compared to commercially available @entity2 dentifrices that served as controls. Three experimental approaches were undertaken for these studies. In the first approach, the dentifrice formulations were tested in vitro against 13 species of oral bacteria implicated in bad breath. The second approach examined the antimicrobial activity derived from dentifrice that was adsorbed to and released from @entity1 disks. In this approach, dentifrice-treated @entity1 disks were immersed in a suspension of bacteria, and reduction in bacterial viability from the release of bioactive agents from @entity1 was determined. The third approach examined the effect of treating bacteria immediately after their removal from the oral cavity of 11 adult @entity0 volunteers. This ex vivo study examined the viability of cultivable oral bacteria after dentifrice treatment for 2 minutes. Antimicrobial effects were determined by plating Colgate Total Advanced Fresh and control-dentifrice-treated samples on enriched media (for all cultivable oral bacteria) and indicator media (for @entity5 - @entity4 -producing organisms), respectively. Results indicated that the antimicrobial effects of Colgate Total Advanced Fresh were significantly greater than either of the other dentifrices for all 13 oral odorigenic bacterial strains tested in vitro (P < or = 0.05). In the second approach, Colgate Total Advanced Fresh-treated @entity1 disks were significantly more active in reducing bacterial growth than the other dentifrices tested (P < or = 0.05). Finally, ex vivo treatment of oral bacteria with Colgate Total Advanced Fresh demonstrated a 90.9% reduction of all oral cultivable bacteria and a 91.5% reduction of oral bacteria producing @entity6 compared with the control dentifrice. In conclusion, these results, taken together with the significant reductions in clinical malodor scores by Colgate Total Advanced Fresh demonstrated in organoleptic studies, strongly suggest that this dentifrice kills the bacteria that are implicated in the cause of bad breath.

title: The effects of a new therapeutic XXXX /copolymer/ @entity3 dentifrice on oral bacteria, including odorigenic species.

answer: @entity7


abstract: This investigation examined the in vitro and ex vivo antimicrobial effects of a new dentifrice, Colgate Total Advanced Fresh, formulated with @entity7 /copolymer/ @entity3 , on oral bacteria, including those odorigenic bacteria implicated in bad breath. The effects of Colgate Total Advanced Fresh were compared to commercially available @entity2 dentifrices that served as controls. Three experimental approaches were undertaken for these studies. In the first approach, the dentifrice formulations were tested in vitro against 13 species of oral bacteria implicated in bad breath. The second approach examined the antimicrobial activity derived from dentifrice that was adsorbed to and released from @entity1 disks. In this approach, dentifrice-treated @entity1 disks were immersed in a suspension of bacteria, and reduction in bacterial viability from the release of bioactive agents from @entity1 was determined. The third approach examined the effect of treating bacteria immediately after their removal from the oral cavity of 11 adult @entity0 volunteers. This ex vivo study examined the viability of cultivable oral bacteria after dentifrice treatment for 2 minutes. Antimicrobial effects were determined by plating Colgate Total Advanced Fresh and control-dentifrice-treated samples on enriched media (for all cultivable oral bacteria) and indicator media (for @entity5 - @entity4 -producing organisms), respectively. Results indicated that the antimicrobial effects of Colgate Total Advanced Fresh were significantly greater than either of the other dentifrices for all 13 oral odorigenic bacterial strains tested in vitro (P < or = 0.05). In the second approach, Colgate Total Advanced Fresh-treated @entity1 disks were significantly more active in reducing bacterial growth than the other dentifrices tested (P < or = 0.05). Finally, ex vivo treatment of oral bacteria with Colgate Total Advanced Fresh demonstrated a 90.9% reduction of all oral cultivable bacteria and a 91.5% reduction of oral bacteria producing @entity6 compared with the control dentifrice. In conclusion, these results, taken together with the significant reductions in clinical malodor scores by Colgate Total Advanced Fresh demonstrated in organoleptic studies, strongly suggest that this dentifrice kills the bacteria that are implicated in the cause of bad breath.

title: The effects of a new therapeutic @entity7 /copolymer/ XXXX dentifrice on oral bacteria, including odorigenic species.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 appears to be a heterogeneous group of @entity1 morphologically, in which growth pattern or grade is an important prognostic factor. In this report, 63 @entity0 whose slides were seen in consultation and/or who were treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) are described. Included are 32 MSKCC @entity0 from an earlier study (with additional follow-up for 15 who are alive) and 31 new cases. Twenty-five (40%) @entity0 had low-grade (Type I) lesions (including the only @entity0 in the series), 12 (19%) @entity0 had intermediate-grade (Type II) tumors, and 26 (41%) @entity0 had high-grade (Type III) @entity2 . Because prognosis is significantly related to the type of @entity2 , the lesion should be thoroughly studied microscopically to establish @entity1 type. Estimated probabilities of disease-free survival 5 years after initial treatment were as follows: Type I: 76%; Type II: 70%; and Type III: 15%. The median length of disease-free survival also was related to @entity1 type (Type I: greater than 15 years; Type II: greater than 12 years; and Type III: 15 months). Pretreatment duration of the lesion and @entity1 size were not significantly related to the risk of recurrence or to survival. Total mastectomy is recommended for most mammary @entity2 . Adjuvant chemotherapy was used in 31 of 63 (49%) @entity0 and, in this group, recurrences developed in 14 (45%) @entity0 . Among 32 (51%) @entity0 not treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, 18 (56%) had recurrences. Whereas the few long-term survivors with @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy, recurrences developed in most @entity0 with comparable lesions who were given this treatment. Because @entity2 has a poor prognosis, such treatment may be appropriate for these @entity0 . We were unable to demonstrate that adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved prognosis for @entity0 with @entity1 , although recurrences tended to be less frequent among treated @entity0 .

title: XXXX . The prognostic significance of @entity1 differentiation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 appears to be a heterogeneous group of @entity1 morphologically, in which growth pattern or grade is an important prognostic factor. In this report, 63 @entity0 whose slides were seen in consultation and/or who were treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) are described. Included are 32 MSKCC @entity0 from an earlier study (with additional follow-up for 15 who are alive) and 31 new cases. Twenty-five (40%) @entity0 had low-grade (Type I) lesions (including the only @entity0 in the series), 12 (19%) @entity0 had intermediate-grade (Type II) tumors, and 26 (41%) @entity0 had high-grade (Type III) @entity2 . Because prognosis is significantly related to the type of @entity2 , the lesion should be thoroughly studied microscopically to establish @entity1 type. Estimated probabilities of disease-free survival 5 years after initial treatment were as follows: Type I: 76%; Type II: 70%; and Type III: 15%. The median length of disease-free survival also was related to @entity1 type (Type I: greater than 15 years; Type II: greater than 12 years; and Type III: 15 months). Pretreatment duration of the lesion and @entity1 size were not significantly related to the risk of recurrence or to survival. Total mastectomy is recommended for most mammary @entity2 . Adjuvant chemotherapy was used in 31 of 63 (49%) @entity0 and, in this group, recurrences developed in 14 (45%) @entity0 . Among 32 (51%) @entity0 not treated with adjuvant chemotherapy, 18 (56%) had recurrences. Whereas the few long-term survivors with @entity1 received adjuvant chemotherapy, recurrences developed in most @entity0 with comparable lesions who were given this treatment. Because @entity2 has a poor prognosis, such treatment may be appropriate for these @entity0 . We were unable to demonstrate that adjuvant chemotherapy significantly improved prognosis for @entity0 with @entity1 , although recurrences tended to be less frequent among treated @entity0 .

title: @entity2 . The prognostic significance of XXXX differentiation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The majority of the most severe cases of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) are caused by defects in the beta-cell @entity2 ( @entity2 )-sensitive @entity3 channel and usually require pancreatectomy to control blood sugar levels. In contrast to the recent advances in understanding the pathophysiology and genetic bases of @entity5 , the histologic classification of this condition remains controversial. A recent proposal to classify the @entity5 pancreata into diffuse and focal forms has drawn much interest because of its relative simplicity and its good correlation with the @entity1 . We undertook a retrospective study to determine whether this classification scheme could be applied to 38 pancreata resected for @entity5 at our institution. We also obtained leukocyte genomic DNA from 29 cases and screened the exons of @entity7 and @entity8 genes for the presence of mutations. Nineteen cases (50.0%) were histologically classified as diffuse @entity5 and 14 cases (36.8%) were categorized as focal form. The mutational analysis revealed that 14 of the 16 diffuse cases analyzed had either homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations of @entity7 or @entity8 and 7 of 10 focal cases had only the paternally inherited mutations, consistent with the previous observations. Two @entity0 (5.3%) had normal pancreatic histology but had persistent @entity6 postoperatively, leaving the possibility of residual focal lesion. Three of 38 cases (7.9%) did not fit well into either diffuse or focal category. Two cases differed from the described pattern for the diffuse form in that the nuclear enlargement was confined to a single area of the pancreas. The other case had a focal lesion but beta-cell nuclear enlargement was present in nonadjacent areas. Mutations for typical diffuse or focal @entity5 were not identified in two of these three equivocal cases. We conclude from this study that nearly 90% of @entity5 cases can be classified into either a diffuse or a focal form. However, a small percentage of cases represented a diagnostic challenge.

title: Histopathology of XXXX : retrospective study with genotype correlations.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (which monitor spontaneous @entity2 release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum [SR]) and resting and twitch @entity3 were measured during intervals after stimulation in @entity0 and @entity1 papillary muscles. For 1 to 5 seconds after stimulation of @entity0 muscle bathed in 1.5 mM [ @entity2 ] (Cao), twitch and resting @entity3 are depressed and @entity4 are transiently abolished. @entity4 and resting @entity3 then recover simultaneously and monotonically but lag behind the restitution of twitch @entity3 . In the absence of further stimulation, @entity4 persist and the rested state twitch amplitude remains potentiated. When Cao is increased above 2.5 mM, the restitution of all parameters following stimulation is accelerated and becomes oscillatory; the lag of @entity4 and resting @entity3 restitution behind that of the twitch increases such that twitch amplitude increases, overshoots, and decreases to a nadir as @entity4 and resting @entity3 reach their initial maximum. In a given muscle, the maximum twitch amplitude occurs at approximately the same level of @entity4 ; when this level is exceeded, either transiently during monotonic or oscillatory recovery after stimulation in a given Cao or in the steady rested state by an increase in Cao, twitch @entity3 decreases. @entity6 (1 microM), @entity5 (10 mM), or replacement of Cao with @entity7 abolishes @entity4 and causes twitch amplitude to decay with rest. In contrast to @entity0 , twitch amplitude in @entity1 muscle bathed in physiological Cao decays with rest and @entity4 are nonmeasurable at any interval following stimulation. When Cao is increased to 20 mM during rest, @entity4 occur and the rest decay of the twitch is abolished. We interpret the parallel behavior of @entity4 and rest potentiation to indicate that in the presence of @entity4 , the average SR @entity2 load within the tissue is high. Depolarization of a tissue exhibiting @entity4 causes a large twitch but also a transient depletion of the average SR @entity2 load. That the restitution of @entity4 lags behind recovery of twitch amplitude suggests that the onset of spontaneous SR @entity2 release requires a delay following SR @entity2 replenishment. The simultaneous occurrence of spontaneous @entity2 release in a sufficient number of cells places an upper limit on twitch amplitude either during recovery following stimulation or at rest.

title: Spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release in @entity0 and XXXX cardiac muscle: relation to transient and rested-state twitch @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (which monitor spontaneous @entity2 release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum [SR]) and resting and twitch @entity3 were measured during intervals after stimulation in @entity0 and @entity1 papillary muscles. For 1 to 5 seconds after stimulation of @entity0 muscle bathed in 1.5 mM [ @entity2 ] (Cao), twitch and resting @entity3 are depressed and @entity4 are transiently abolished. @entity4 and resting @entity3 then recover simultaneously and monotonically but lag behind the restitution of twitch @entity3 . In the absence of further stimulation, @entity4 persist and the rested state twitch amplitude remains potentiated. When Cao is increased above 2.5 mM, the restitution of all parameters following stimulation is accelerated and becomes oscillatory; the lag of @entity4 and resting @entity3 restitution behind that of the twitch increases such that twitch amplitude increases, overshoots, and decreases to a nadir as @entity4 and resting @entity3 reach their initial maximum. In a given muscle, the maximum twitch amplitude occurs at approximately the same level of @entity4 ; when this level is exceeded, either transiently during monotonic or oscillatory recovery after stimulation in a given Cao or in the steady rested state by an increase in Cao, twitch @entity3 decreases. @entity6 (1 microM), @entity5 (10 mM), or replacement of Cao with @entity7 abolishes @entity4 and causes twitch amplitude to decay with rest. In contrast to @entity0 , twitch amplitude in @entity1 muscle bathed in physiological Cao decays with rest and @entity4 are nonmeasurable at any interval following stimulation. When Cao is increased to 20 mM during rest, @entity4 occur and the rest decay of the twitch is abolished. We interpret the parallel behavior of @entity4 and rest potentiation to indicate that in the presence of @entity4 , the average SR @entity2 load within the tissue is high. Depolarization of a tissue exhibiting @entity4 causes a large twitch but also a transient depletion of the average SR @entity2 load. That the restitution of @entity4 lags behind recovery of twitch amplitude suggests that the onset of spontaneous SR @entity2 release requires a delay following SR @entity2 replenishment. The simultaneous occurrence of spontaneous @entity2 release in a sufficient number of cells places an upper limit on twitch amplitude either during recovery following stimulation or at rest.

title: Spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release in @entity0 and @entity1 cardiac muscle: relation to transient and rested-state twitch XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (which monitor spontaneous @entity2 release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum [SR]) and resting and twitch @entity3 were measured during intervals after stimulation in @entity0 and @entity1 papillary muscles. For 1 to 5 seconds after stimulation of @entity0 muscle bathed in 1.5 mM [ @entity2 ] (Cao), twitch and resting @entity3 are depressed and @entity4 are transiently abolished. @entity4 and resting @entity3 then recover simultaneously and monotonically but lag behind the restitution of twitch @entity3 . In the absence of further stimulation, @entity4 persist and the rested state twitch amplitude remains potentiated. When Cao is increased above 2.5 mM, the restitution of all parameters following stimulation is accelerated and becomes oscillatory; the lag of @entity4 and resting @entity3 restitution behind that of the twitch increases such that twitch amplitude increases, overshoots, and decreases to a nadir as @entity4 and resting @entity3 reach their initial maximum. In a given muscle, the maximum twitch amplitude occurs at approximately the same level of @entity4 ; when this level is exceeded, either transiently during monotonic or oscillatory recovery after stimulation in a given Cao or in the steady rested state by an increase in Cao, twitch @entity3 decreases. @entity6 (1 microM), @entity5 (10 mM), or replacement of Cao with @entity7 abolishes @entity4 and causes twitch amplitude to decay with rest. In contrast to @entity0 , twitch amplitude in @entity1 muscle bathed in physiological Cao decays with rest and @entity4 are nonmeasurable at any interval following stimulation. When Cao is increased to 20 mM during rest, @entity4 occur and the rest decay of the twitch is abolished. We interpret the parallel behavior of @entity4 and rest potentiation to indicate that in the presence of @entity4 , the average SR @entity2 load within the tissue is high. Depolarization of a tissue exhibiting @entity4 causes a large twitch but also a transient depletion of the average SR @entity2 load. That the restitution of @entity4 lags behind recovery of twitch amplitude suggests that the onset of spontaneous SR @entity2 release requires a delay following SR @entity2 replenishment. The simultaneous occurrence of spontaneous @entity2 release in a sufficient number of cells places an upper limit on twitch amplitude either during recovery following stimulation or at rest.

title: Spontaneous sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release in XXXX and @entity1 cardiac muscle: relation to transient and rested-state twitch @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Limited information is available on the correlation of telomerase activity and the clinical and pathological characteristics, in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) was used to measure telomerase activity in frozen @entity5 specimens from partial/radical nephrectomies performed between 1987 and 1991. Presence of @entity2 tissue was verified by a pathologist using @entity7 and @entity8 stained sections. RNA was measured to ensure the presence of intact protein necessary for telomerase expression. Data on demographics, @entity2 type, and stage at presentation, local recurrence, distant @entity1 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was collected, and telomerase activity was correlated with each of these variables. Forty-nine of 67 @entity0 (73%) were telomerase positive (+ve). Gender and stage were the only variables that appeared to be associated with telomerase positivity. @entity2 were telomerase +ve in 12/21 females (57 %) vs. 37/46 males (80%) (P = 0.07). @entity2 were telomerase +ve in 85% of Stage IV, 76% of Stage III, and 70% of Stage I/II @entity0 (P = 0.12). Five-year survival was 0% for Stage IV, 57% for Stage III, and 77% for Stage I/II @entity0 (P < 0.001), @entity3 54% for stage III and 84% for Stage I/II @entity0 (P = 0.05). Telomerase activity, however, was not related to survival in either univariate or multivariate analysis. In @entity0 with telomerase +ve @entity2 5-year survival was 55%, and with @entity2 58% (P = 0.56). Stage was the only variable associated with @entity4 or @entity3 in clear cell @entity5 @entity0 . In @entity0 with @entity6 , there is a high incidence of telomerase positivity was found, within this limited sample, however, no correlation with survival was found.

title: @entity5 ( XXXX ) and telomerase activity: relationship to stage.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Limited information is available on the correlation of telomerase activity and the clinical and pathological characteristics, in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) was used to measure telomerase activity in frozen @entity5 specimens from partial/radical nephrectomies performed between 1987 and 1991. Presence of @entity2 tissue was verified by a pathologist using @entity7 and @entity8 stained sections. RNA was measured to ensure the presence of intact protein necessary for telomerase expression. Data on demographics, @entity2 type, and stage at presentation, local recurrence, distant @entity1 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was collected, and telomerase activity was correlated with each of these variables. Forty-nine of 67 @entity0 (73%) were telomerase positive (+ve). Gender and stage were the only variables that appeared to be associated with telomerase positivity. @entity2 were telomerase +ve in 12/21 females (57 %) vs. 37/46 males (80%) (P = 0.07). @entity2 were telomerase +ve in 85% of Stage IV, 76% of Stage III, and 70% of Stage I/II @entity0 (P = 0.12). Five-year survival was 0% for Stage IV, 57% for Stage III, and 77% for Stage I/II @entity0 (P < 0.001), @entity3 54% for stage III and 84% for Stage I/II @entity0 (P = 0.05). Telomerase activity, however, was not related to survival in either univariate or multivariate analysis. In @entity0 with telomerase +ve @entity2 5-year survival was 55%, and with @entity2 58% (P = 0.56). Stage was the only variable associated with @entity4 or @entity3 in clear cell @entity5 @entity0 . In @entity0 with @entity6 , there is a high incidence of telomerase positivity was found, within this limited sample, however, no correlation with survival was found.

title: XXXX ( @entity5 ) and telomerase activity: relationship to stage.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The available statin drugs have similar pharmacodynamic properties but are not equal in low-density lipoprotein @entity1 (LDL-C)-lowering efficacy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of @entity5 and @entity4 in lowering LDL-C. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind study of @entity0 aged >20 years with @entity2 conducted at 44 clinical sites across the United States. After a 6-week National @entity1 Education Program (NCEP) Step I diet lead-in period in @entity0 taking lipid-lowering drugs at screening, @entity0 were randomized to receive @entity5 10, 20, or 40 mg/d or @entity4 20 or 40 mg/d (the doses available at the time the study was conducted) for 6 weeks. @entity0 not taking lipid-lowering drugs at screening and who had been following the Step I diet for at least 6 weeks proceeded to the treatment phase. All @entity0 received instruction for a Step I diet, which they followed throughout the treatment phase. After the treatment period, total @entity1 (TC), high-density lipoprotein @entity1 (HDL-C), LDL-C, and @entity3 were measured, and TC:HDL-C and LDL-C:HDL-C ratios were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 838 @entity0 (476 @entity0 , 362 @entity0 ; mean [SD] age, 59 [12] years) were included in the study. @entity5 20 and 40 mg/d significantly reduced mean LDL-C compared with the same dosages of @entity4 . TC and the LDL-C:HDL-C ratio decreased more with @entity5 than with @entity4 at a given dose level. Approximately 50% of @entity0 treated with @entity5 20 and 40 mg/d compared with approximately 25% treated with @entity4 20 and 40 mg/d reached NCEP Adult Treatment Panel II LDL-C goals. CONCLUSION: In this small study population of @entity0 with @entity2 taking lipid-lowering drugs, short-term (6-week) treatment with @entity5 was more efficacious than @entity4 in lowering @entity1 levels and reaching LDL-C treatment goals.

title: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing the low-density lipoprotein @entity1 -lowering ability of XXXX 10, 20, and 40 mg/d with @entity4 20 and 40 mg/d.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The available statin drugs have similar pharmacodynamic properties but are not equal in low-density lipoprotein @entity1 (LDL-C)-lowering efficacy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of @entity5 and @entity4 in lowering LDL-C. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind study of @entity0 aged >20 years with @entity2 conducted at 44 clinical sites across the United States. After a 6-week National @entity1 Education Program (NCEP) Step I diet lead-in period in @entity0 taking lipid-lowering drugs at screening, @entity0 were randomized to receive @entity5 10, 20, or 40 mg/d or @entity4 20 or 40 mg/d (the doses available at the time the study was conducted) for 6 weeks. @entity0 not taking lipid-lowering drugs at screening and who had been following the Step I diet for at least 6 weeks proceeded to the treatment phase. All @entity0 received instruction for a Step I diet, which they followed throughout the treatment phase. After the treatment period, total @entity1 (TC), high-density lipoprotein @entity1 (HDL-C), LDL-C, and @entity3 were measured, and TC:HDL-C and LDL-C:HDL-C ratios were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 838 @entity0 (476 @entity0 , 362 @entity0 ; mean [SD] age, 59 [12] years) were included in the study. @entity5 20 and 40 mg/d significantly reduced mean LDL-C compared with the same dosages of @entity4 . TC and the LDL-C:HDL-C ratio decreased more with @entity5 than with @entity4 at a given dose level. Approximately 50% of @entity0 treated with @entity5 20 and 40 mg/d compared with approximately 25% treated with @entity4 20 and 40 mg/d reached NCEP Adult Treatment Panel II LDL-C goals. CONCLUSION: In this small study population of @entity0 with @entity2 taking lipid-lowering drugs, short-term (6-week) treatment with @entity5 was more efficacious than @entity4 in lowering @entity1 levels and reaching LDL-C treatment goals.

title: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing the low-density lipoprotein @entity1 -lowering ability of @entity5 10, 20, and 40 mg/d with XXXX 20 and 40 mg/d.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The available statin drugs have similar pharmacodynamic properties but are not equal in low-density lipoprotein @entity1 (LDL-C)-lowering efficacy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of @entity5 and @entity4 in lowering LDL-C. METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind study of @entity0 aged >20 years with @entity2 conducted at 44 clinical sites across the United States. After a 6-week National @entity1 Education Program (NCEP) Step I diet lead-in period in @entity0 taking lipid-lowering drugs at screening, @entity0 were randomized to receive @entity5 10, 20, or 40 mg/d or @entity4 20 or 40 mg/d (the doses available at the time the study was conducted) for 6 weeks. @entity0 not taking lipid-lowering drugs at screening and who had been following the Step I diet for at least 6 weeks proceeded to the treatment phase. All @entity0 received instruction for a Step I diet, which they followed throughout the treatment phase. After the treatment period, total @entity1 (TC), high-density lipoprotein @entity1 (HDL-C), LDL-C, and @entity3 were measured, and TC:HDL-C and LDL-C:HDL-C ratios were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 838 @entity0 (476 @entity0 , 362 @entity0 ; mean [SD] age, 59 [12] years) were included in the study. @entity5 20 and 40 mg/d significantly reduced mean LDL-C compared with the same dosages of @entity4 . TC and the LDL-C:HDL-C ratio decreased more with @entity5 than with @entity4 at a given dose level. Approximately 50% of @entity0 treated with @entity5 20 and 40 mg/d compared with approximately 25% treated with @entity4 20 and 40 mg/d reached NCEP Adult Treatment Panel II LDL-C goals. CONCLUSION: In this small study population of @entity0 with @entity2 taking lipid-lowering drugs, short-term (6-week) treatment with @entity5 was more efficacious than @entity4 in lowering @entity1 levels and reaching LDL-C treatment goals.

title: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial comparing the low-density lipoprotein XXXX -lowering ability of @entity5 10, 20, and 40 mg/d with @entity4 20 and 40 mg/d.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Laparoscopic assessment of the sentinel node (SN) in early @entity2 is both feasible and safe. The technique is described. The data concerning the 70 first assessed @entity0 are reported. Failure in identification of the SN occurred in 14 of the 139 attempted dissections. One only SN was detected in 121 dissections and two SN in four dissections. A systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy was carried out after removal of the SN. A metastatic involvement of the SN was put in evidence in 19 of the 129 retrieved SN. The other regional lymph nodes were. The data concerning the 70 first assessed @entity0 are reported. Failure in identification of the SN occurred in 14 of the 139 attempted dissections. One only SN was detected in 121 dissections and two SN in four dissections. A systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy was carried out after removal of the SN. A metastatic involvement of the SN was put in evidence in 19 of the 129 retrieved SN. The other regional lymph nodes were involved in 13 cases and not involved in six cases. In the 110 cases where the SN was not involved all the other regional nodes were free from @entity1 . At the condition larger series confirm the preliminary results the laparoscopic retrieval of the SN could change the strategy to be used in the management of early @entity2 : no systematic lymphadenectomy-radiotherapy for the SN+ @entity0 --vaginal radical hysterectomy for the SN- @entity0 . Another condition should be the SN is submitted to superstaging using immunochemical staining and/or molecular biology.

title: Laparoscopic assessment of the sentinel lymph nodes in early cervical XXXX . Technique--preliminary results and future developments.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Arterial repair for @entity8 and large @entity6 ( @entity6 ) may be superior to atrial correction, but the risk of either approach in early infancy has been high. The results of early correction were therefore assessed in 12 @entity0 with @entity8 and a large @entity6 who underwent arterial repair. @entity0 ranged in age from 3 to 90 days (median age, 19 days) and in weight from 2.5 to 3.7 kg. The @entity6 was infundibular in eight, inlet in three, and muscular in one. @entity4 were present in five @entity0 , including one @entity0 with a single left coronary artery. There was one early death (8%) in the only @entity0 with a pulmonary artery band. There were no late deaths. The 11 survivors have been followed up from 2 to 59 months (mean follow-up period, 20 months) and remain free of @entity1 . Catheterization (n = 5) and Doppler echocardiography in all @entity0 show no significant left @entity7 , @entity2 , or residual @entity6 . Catheterization documented normal pulmonary artery pressure and unobstructed coronary arteries. Only one @entity0 had significant @entity5 and underwent successful reoperation. These data indicate that arterial repair and @entity6 closure can be successfully performed in early infancy with low mortality and morbidity. Repair in this age group is advocated before changes of @entity3 occur.

title: Arterial repair for @entity8 and large XXXX in early infancy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Arterial repair for @entity8 and large @entity6 ( @entity6 ) may be superior to atrial correction, but the risk of either approach in early infancy has been high. The results of early correction were therefore assessed in 12 @entity0 with @entity8 and a large @entity6 who underwent arterial repair. @entity0 ranged in age from 3 to 90 days (median age, 19 days) and in weight from 2.5 to 3.7 kg. The @entity6 was infundibular in eight, inlet in three, and muscular in one. @entity4 were present in five @entity0 , including one @entity0 with a single left coronary artery. There was one early death (8%) in the only @entity0 with a pulmonary artery band. There were no late deaths. The 11 survivors have been followed up from 2 to 59 months (mean follow-up period, 20 months) and remain free of @entity1 . Catheterization (n = 5) and Doppler echocardiography in all @entity0 show no significant left @entity7 , @entity2 , or residual @entity6 . Catheterization documented normal pulmonary artery pressure and unobstructed coronary arteries. Only one @entity0 had significant @entity5 and underwent successful reoperation. These data indicate that arterial repair and @entity6 closure can be successfully performed in early infancy with low mortality and morbidity. Repair in this age group is advocated before changes of @entity3 occur.

title: Arterial repair for XXXX and large @entity6 in early infancy.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Weight gain is a common side effect of antipsychotic medications and is of particular concern with most of the newer "atypical" antipsychotics. It is, therefore, increasingly important to understand the impact of @entity1 and perceived weight problems on compliance with these medications. METHODS: A survey of treatment and health issues was mailed to local chapters of the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill (NAMI) and National Mental Health Association (NMHA), who distributed them to @entity0 with @entity2 . Noncompliance was defined as a self-report of missing any antipsychotic medication in the previous month. The primary independent variables were (1) body mass index (BMI; weight [kg]/height [m2])-categorized as normal (< 25, n = 73), overweight (25-30, n = 104), or @entity1 (> 30, n = 100)-and (2) subjective distress over @entity3 . Other independent variables included demographics, medication attitudes, and treatment satisfaction. RESULT: BMI status and subjective distress from @entity3 were predictors of noncompliance. Obese individuals were more than twice as likely as those with a normal BMI to report missing their medication (OR = 2.5; CI 1.1-5.5). A comprehensive model suggested that the primary mediator of noncompliance was distress over @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: There appears to be a significant, positive association between @entity1 and subjective distress from @entity3 and medication noncompliance, even when accounting for other possible confounding factors.

title: XXXX as a risk factor for antipsychotic noncompliance.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Renal blood flow falls in both kidneys following delivery of a clinical dose of shockwaves (SW) (2000 SW, 24 kV, Dornier HM3) to only one kidney. The role of @entity0 in this response was examined in a porcine model of renal denervation. Six-week-old @entity2 underwent unilateral renal denervation. Nerves along the renal artery of one kidney were identified, sectioned and painted with 10% @entity3 . Two weeks later the @entity2 were anesthetized and baseline renal function was determined using inulin and PAH clearances. Animals then had either sham-shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) (group 1), SWL to the innervated kidney (group 2) or SWL to the denervated kidney (group 3). Bilateral renal function was again measured 1 and 4 h after SWL. Both kidneys were then removed for analysis of @entity1 content to validate the denervation. Renal plasma (RPF) flow was significantly reduced in shocked innervated kidneys (group 2) and shocked denervated kidneys (group 3). RPF was not reduced in the unshocked denervated kidneys of group 2. These observations suggest that @entity0 play a pivotal role in modulating the vascular response of the contralateral unshocked kidney to SWL, but only a partial role, if any, in modulating that response in the shocked kidney.

title: XXXX mediate changes in contralateral renal blood flow after extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Proteins from @entity0 lenses of various ages were separated into three fractions based on their solubility; @entity2 ( @entity2 ), water-insoluble- @entity1 -soluble (WI-US) and water-insoluble- @entity1 -insoluble (WI-UI). The SDS-PAGE of these fractions showed increasing quantities of degraded polypeptides (mol. wt; Mr less than 18 kDa) with aging. On separation of degraded polypeptides from the rest of lens crystallins by gel-filtration chromatography under denaturing conditions, the polypeptides showed an age-related concentration increase in the @entity2 and WI-US fractions, which constituted 12-14% and 17-18% of the total proteins respectively. The degraded polypeptides from WI-US fractions of lenses from 50-yr-old donors exhibited five polypeptides ranging in Mr between 3- and 18 kDa. The degraded polypeptides isolated from @entity2 and WI-US fractions of lenses of various ages self-aggregated on storage to protein moieties with Mr ranging between 18- and greater than 1500 kDa. An antiserum was raised against degraded polypeptides isolated from WI-US protein fraction of 50-yr-old @entity0 lenses. During the Western blot analyses, the antiserum exhibited specific immuno-reaction with alpha-crystallin and 20-kDa gamma-crystallin species and with degraded polypeptides among various @entity0 lens crystallins tested. Similarly, when the self-aggregated degraded polypeptides of @entity2 and WI-US fractions were reacted with the antiserum, several polymeric proteins of increasing Mrs were observed. In addition, when the heavy molecular weight (HMW) proteins from @entity2 proteins and the total WI proteins of lenses of various ages were probed with the antiserum, several polymeric proteins, similar to the in vitro self-aggregated polymers of degraded polypeptides as previously described, were seen. Such polymers were in relatively lower quantities in the total @entity2 proteins of lenses of various ages. These results suggest an apparent age-related polymerization of degraded polypeptides into HMW proteins leading to their insolubilization.

title: Age-related increase in concentration and aggregation of degraded polypeptides in XXXX lenses.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: The objective of this study was to elucidate the incidence and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract dysfunctions (LUTS) in @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: Urinary questionnaire and urodynamic studies were done in 76 @entity0 with @entity6 . RESULTS: The @entity0 included 56 with cervical-thoracic (C1 to @entity5 ) and 20 with @entity1 . The @entity1 consisted of 12 epiconus/conus medullaris (below @entity5 ) and 8 cauda equina @entity1 . These @entity1 were further subdivided into intramedullary, intradural extramedullary, and dumbbell-type. More than 83% of the @entity0 had urinary symptoms. @entity0 with cervical-thoracic @entity1 commonly had voiding symptoms (75%). @entity3 (39%), and @entity7 on voiding (21%) were the main urodynamic features. @entity0 with epiconus/ @entity1 commonly had voiding symptoms as well (58%), but decreased urge to void (50%), detrusor-sphincter @entity4 (42%), and @entity7 on voiding (32%) were the main features. @entity0 with cauda equina @entity1 commonly had storage symptoms (88%), of which sensory urgency was most common (63%). Severe LUTS occurred in the epiconus/ @entity1 and in the @entity1 . These dysfunctions tended to appear late and rarely appeared as the initial symptom in the course of the disease. There was no significant relationship between @entity2 and LUTS. Urodynamics showed that @entity6 cause a variety of LUTS, depending on the location and the type of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 are commonly accompanied by LUTS. Clinical and urodynamic evaluation is crucial to diagnosis and management since there is little relationship between symptoms and findings.

title: Lower urinary tract dysfunctions in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIMS: The objective of this study was to elucidate the incidence and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract dysfunctions (LUTS) in @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: Urinary questionnaire and urodynamic studies were done in 76 @entity0 with @entity6 . RESULTS: The @entity0 included 56 with cervical-thoracic (C1 to @entity5 ) and 20 with @entity1 . The @entity1 consisted of 12 epiconus/conus medullaris (below @entity5 ) and 8 cauda equina @entity1 . These @entity1 were further subdivided into intramedullary, intradural extramedullary, and dumbbell-type. More than 83% of the @entity0 had urinary symptoms. @entity0 with cervical-thoracic @entity1 commonly had voiding symptoms (75%). @entity3 (39%), and @entity7 on voiding (21%) were the main urodynamic features. @entity0 with epiconus/ @entity1 commonly had voiding symptoms as well (58%), but decreased urge to void (50%), detrusor-sphincter @entity4 (42%), and @entity7 on voiding (32%) were the main features. @entity0 with cauda equina @entity1 commonly had storage symptoms (88%), of which sensory urgency was most common (63%). Severe LUTS occurred in the epiconus/ @entity1 and in the @entity1 . These dysfunctions tended to appear late and rarely appeared as the initial symptom in the course of the disease. There was no significant relationship between @entity2 and LUTS. Urodynamics showed that @entity6 cause a variety of LUTS, depending on the location and the type of the @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 are commonly accompanied by LUTS. Clinical and urodynamic evaluation is crucial to diagnosis and management since there is little relationship between symptoms and findings.

title: Lower urinary tract dysfunctions in XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of composite grinding dusts on @entity0 respiratory system. METHODS: @entity0 were administrated with grinding dusts by intratracheal injection. After 2 weeks, the total numbers of cells, the percentage of differential cell, the survival rate of cell, and the activity of @entity1 dehydrogenase(LDH) and alkaline phosphatase( @entity4 ) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were analyzed. RESULTS: Along with increasing concentration of grinding dusts, the total number of cells in lavage also increased, and was more than that in @entity2 group. Compared with control group, the percentage of neutrophil in lavage of @entity0 treated with grinding dust and @entity2 significantly increased and meanwhile that of macrophage significantly decreased[PMN: @entity2 group (33.83 +/- 4.54)%; grinding dusts group (26.50 +/- 3.99)%, (36.00 +/- 3.58)%, (38.00 +/- 2.10)% at 10, 25, 50 mg/ml respectively. Macrophages: @entity2 group (62.17 +/- 4.54)%; grinding dusts group (70.83 +/- 3.66)%, (60.83 +/- 2.14)%, (58.17 +/- 2.48)%] while those in control group were (2.83 +/- 0.75)%, (95.67 +/- 1.21)% respectively. The cell survival rate in lavage in control group was 80%, but that in grinding dust and @entity3 group significantly decreased(P < 0.01). The activity of LDH and @entity4 in all @entity0 treated with dusts obviously increased, and there was significant difference compared with control group(P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was significant difference between grinding dust group and @entity2 group, and between grinding dust group and @entity3 group respectively. CONCLUSION: Metal grinding dust is very harmful to @entity0 's lung cells and may cause fibrogenesis in the lungs.

title: [Changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of XXXX exposed to metal grinding dusts].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the toxicological effects of @entity6 ( @entity7 ) on @entity0 animal's nerve tissue. METHODS: 50 Kunming @entity1 were divided into 5 groups at random, the exposed groups(3 dose level groups), the vehicle control group and standard control group. Every group got 10 @entity1 . The exposed groups were treated by intraperitoneal injection with @entity7 dissolved in vegetable oil at 7.8, 3.2 and 1.3 mg/kg respectively, 4 times/week, for 10 weeks, the vehicle control group were given vegetable oil and the standard control group were not given any treatment. All the @entity1 were anesthetized with 0.02 mol/L @entity8 and infused with 1.33 mol/L @entity3 dissolved in PBS through heart after 10 weeks. Then the brain, spinal cord and sciatic nerve were removed. Slices of these tissues were made and morphological changes were observed by optical microscope and electron-microscope. Cell appoptosis was examined by TUNEL( @entity9 -mediated x- @entity4 nick end labeling) method. RESULTS: Morphological observations showed tissue injury in @entity7 exposed groups. There were focal @entity2 areas found in the high-dose group. The cell apoptosis rates in 3.2 and 1.3 mg/kg groups were 90.02%-94.22% and 62.45%-77.54% respectively, significantly higher than those of vehicle control group and standard control group(4.60%-5.57%). CONCLUSION: @entity7 is @entity5 . It could damage the nerve tissue as well as induce DNA breaks and cell apoptosis.

title: [Study on the morphological damage and cell apoptosis of nerve tissue in @entity1 exposed to XXXX ].

answer: @entity6