abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of @entity4 -resistant @entity5 (MRSP) in @entity0 , pets and the environment in households with a pet with a clinical @entity2 within the past year. Personnel and the environment at veterinary clinics were also screened. Nasal swabs ( @entity0 ), nasal and perineal swabs (pets) and environmental wipes were examined using selective culturing. Twenty households were enrolled; 10/20 index cases still had clinical signs of @entity2 at the start of the study and all were MRSP-positive. Of the remaining 10 index cases five were MRSP-positive in nasal and/or perineal samples. Five of 14 (36%) contact @entity1 and four of 13 (31%) contact @entity3 were found MRSP-positive. In the households with an index case with clinical signs of @entity2 6/7 (86%) contact animals were MRSP-positive. MRSP was cultured from 2/45 (4%) @entity0 nasal samples. Domestic contamination was widespread as positive samples were found in 70% of the households and 44% of all environmental samples were MRSP-positive. In all but one of these MRSP-positive households the index case was still MRSP positive. Among the personnel in veterinary clinics 4/141 (3%) were MRSP-positive. MRSP was cultured from 31/200 environmental samples in 7/13 clinics at the first sampling and in 3/6 clinics the environment remained MRSP-positive after cleaning and disinfection indicating that current cleaning procedures often were unable to eliminate MRSP. These results show that transmission of MRSP between infected or colonized @entity1 and @entity3 and healthy @entity0 does occur but is relatively uncommon, while transmission to contact pets occurs frequently, especially when the index case still has clinical signs of @entity2 .

title: Transmission of @entity4 -resistant @entity5 between infected @entity1 and XXXX and contact pets, @entity0 and the environment in households and veterinary clinics.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of @entity4 -resistant @entity5 (MRSP) in @entity0 , pets and the environment in households with a pet with a clinical @entity2 within the past year. Personnel and the environment at veterinary clinics were also screened. Nasal swabs ( @entity0 ), nasal and perineal swabs (pets) and environmental wipes were examined using selective culturing. Twenty households were enrolled; 10/20 index cases still had clinical signs of @entity2 at the start of the study and all were MRSP-positive. Of the remaining 10 index cases five were MRSP-positive in nasal and/or perineal samples. Five of 14 (36%) contact @entity1 and four of 13 (31%) contact @entity3 were found MRSP-positive. In the households with an index case with clinical signs of @entity2 6/7 (86%) contact animals were MRSP-positive. MRSP was cultured from 2/45 (4%) @entity0 nasal samples. Domestic contamination was widespread as positive samples were found in 70% of the households and 44% of all environmental samples were MRSP-positive. In all but one of these MRSP-positive households the index case was still MRSP positive. Among the personnel in veterinary clinics 4/141 (3%) were MRSP-positive. MRSP was cultured from 31/200 environmental samples in 7/13 clinics at the first sampling and in 3/6 clinics the environment remained MRSP-positive after cleaning and disinfection indicating that current cleaning procedures often were unable to eliminate MRSP. These results show that transmission of MRSP between infected or colonized @entity1 and @entity3 and healthy @entity0 does occur but is relatively uncommon, while transmission to contact pets occurs frequently, especially when the index case still has clinical signs of @entity2 .

title: Transmission of @entity4 -resistant @entity5 between infected XXXX and @entity3 and contact pets, @entity0 and the environment in households and veterinary clinics.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of @entity4 -resistant @entity5 (MRSP) in @entity0 , pets and the environment in households with a pet with a clinical @entity2 within the past year. Personnel and the environment at veterinary clinics were also screened. Nasal swabs ( @entity0 ), nasal and perineal swabs (pets) and environmental wipes were examined using selective culturing. Twenty households were enrolled; 10/20 index cases still had clinical signs of @entity2 at the start of the study and all were MRSP-positive. Of the remaining 10 index cases five were MRSP-positive in nasal and/or perineal samples. Five of 14 (36%) contact @entity1 and four of 13 (31%) contact @entity3 were found MRSP-positive. In the households with an index case with clinical signs of @entity2 6/7 (86%) contact animals were MRSP-positive. MRSP was cultured from 2/45 (4%) @entity0 nasal samples. Domestic contamination was widespread as positive samples were found in 70% of the households and 44% of all environmental samples were MRSP-positive. In all but one of these MRSP-positive households the index case was still MRSP positive. Among the personnel in veterinary clinics 4/141 (3%) were MRSP-positive. MRSP was cultured from 31/200 environmental samples in 7/13 clinics at the first sampling and in 3/6 clinics the environment remained MRSP-positive after cleaning and disinfection indicating that current cleaning procedures often were unable to eliminate MRSP. These results show that transmission of MRSP between infected or colonized @entity1 and @entity3 and healthy @entity0 does occur but is relatively uncommon, while transmission to contact pets occurs frequently, especially when the index case still has clinical signs of @entity2 .

title: Transmission of XXXX -resistant @entity5 between infected @entity1 and @entity3 and contact pets, @entity0 and the environment in households and veterinary clinics.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of @entity4 -resistant @entity5 (MRSP) in @entity0 , pets and the environment in households with a pet with a clinical @entity2 within the past year. Personnel and the environment at veterinary clinics were also screened. Nasal swabs ( @entity0 ), nasal and perineal swabs (pets) and environmental wipes were examined using selective culturing. Twenty households were enrolled; 10/20 index cases still had clinical signs of @entity2 at the start of the study and all were MRSP-positive. Of the remaining 10 index cases five were MRSP-positive in nasal and/or perineal samples. Five of 14 (36%) contact @entity1 and four of 13 (31%) contact @entity3 were found MRSP-positive. In the households with an index case with clinical signs of @entity2 6/7 (86%) contact animals were MRSP-positive. MRSP was cultured from 2/45 (4%) @entity0 nasal samples. Domestic contamination was widespread as positive samples were found in 70% of the households and 44% of all environmental samples were MRSP-positive. In all but one of these MRSP-positive households the index case was still MRSP positive. Among the personnel in veterinary clinics 4/141 (3%) were MRSP-positive. MRSP was cultured from 31/200 environmental samples in 7/13 clinics at the first sampling and in 3/6 clinics the environment remained MRSP-positive after cleaning and disinfection indicating that current cleaning procedures often were unable to eliminate MRSP. These results show that transmission of MRSP between infected or colonized @entity1 and @entity3 and healthy @entity0 does occur but is relatively uncommon, while transmission to contact pets occurs frequently, especially when the index case still has clinical signs of @entity2 .

title: Transmission of @entity4 -resistant @entity5 between infected @entity1 and @entity3 and contact pets, XXXX and the environment in households and veterinary clinics.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Because pleuropneumonectomy is associated with a high mortality rate, its indication for the treatment of Masaoka stage IVa @entity2 is debated. We reviewed retrospectively our single-center experience in order to determine if the benefits warrant the risk of such procedure. METHODS: Between 1970 and 2009, 17 @entity0 (12 @entity0 and 5 @entity0 ) with a mean age of 44 years (range, 25-62 years) underwent a pleuropneumonectomy for a Masaoka stage IVa @entity2 in our institution. Eight @entity0 had recurrent @entity2 after a mean postoperative period of 47    28 months, and nine @entity0 presented de novo with stage IVa disease. A multimodality treatment including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both was performed in 14 (82%) @entity0 . RESULTS: Eight @entity0 (47%) experienced a major @entity1 , including four broncho-pleural fistulae (23%). There were no operative deaths and the 30-day mortality was 17.6% (3/17). But two @entity0 died at 2 and 3 months, increasing the postoperative mortality to 29.4% (5/17). Complete resection was achieved in 11 (65%) @entity0 . By univariate analysis, @entity3 was the only risk factor for broncho-pleural fistulae. With a median survival of 76 months and median follow-up of 59 months (range, 1-262 months), 5-year and 10-year survivals were 60% and 30%, respectively. During follow-up, a recurrence occurred in two @entity0 at 26 and 87 months, respectively, which was treated medically without success. CONCLUSIONS: Pleuropneumonectomy for Masaoka stage IVa @entity2 is associated with a high morbid-mortality rate. However, included in a multimodality strategy and in highly selected @entity0 this procedure may provide good long-term survival.

title: Long-term outcome of pleuropneumonectomy for Masaoka stage IVa XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Urgency and urge @entity3 are common urinary symptoms among older @entity0 , both @entity0 and @entity0 . The aim of this population-based prospective cohort study was to examine the independent association of urgency and urge @entity3 with 10-year mortality in older @entity0 and @entity0 , and to describe the changes in these symptoms during those 10 years. METHODS: At baseline, 1052 @entity0 (524 @entity0 and 528 @entity0 ) aged 60-89, selected by random sampling and stratified by 5-year age group and sex, were interviewed for the Tampere Longitudinal Study on Ageing. In 10 years, 541 @entity0 had died, and 435 @entity0 (175 @entity0 and 260 @entity0 ) were re-interviewed. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the independent association of urgency and urge @entity3 in each gender with 10-year mortality, adjusted for age, @entity1 , activities of daily living (ADL) disability, socioeconomic status, smoking and @entity2 use. RESULTS: In 10 years, 86% of @entity0 and 54% of @entity0 who reported at least urgency at baseline had died. The respective figures for @entity0 and @entity0 without urgency were 57 and 38%. Adjusted for age, both urgency without @entity3 (Risk Ratio 1.87; 95% Confidence Interval 1.28-2.74) and urge @entity3 (RR 3.13; 95% CI 2.054.77) significantly predicted mortality in @entity0 , while only urge @entity3 was a statistically significant predictor in @entity0 ( @entity5 .63; 95% CI 1.03-2.57). After further adjusting for @entity1 and @entity4 , urge @entity3 lost its predictive power ( @entity5 .44; 95% CI 0.88-2.23) in @entity0 , while the significant predictive power of urgency alone and urge @entity3 in @entity0 persisted even after additional adjustment for socioeconomic status, smoking and @entity2 use ( @entity5 .80; 95% CI 1.20-2.71, and @entity5 .97; 95% CI 1.25-3.10, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Urgency and urge @entity3 are significant prognostic indicators of mortality especially in older @entity0 . This emphasizes the importance of evaluation and treatment of urinary symptoms as a part of comprehensive geriatric assessment and management.

title: Urgency and urge XXXX in an older population: ten-year changes and their association with mortality.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity3 ( @entity3 ) cells incubated in media containing @entity4 ( @entity5 ) would produce sufficient @entity7 ( @entity7 ) to cause lethal phototoxic effects when exposed to 635-nm light. SAMPLE POPULATION: @entity2 @entity3 cells (K9TCC). PROCEDURE: Cultured K9TCC cells were exposed to graded doses of @entity5 , and @entity7 concentrations were determined. Cells then were exposed to various doses of 635-nm light from a diode laser, and cell viability was assayed. RESULTS: Production of @entity7 was dependent on time and dose of @entity5 . The K9TCC cells incubated with @entity5 produced sufficient @entity7 to cause lethal phototoxic effects when exposed to 635-nm light. @entity6 effects were dependent on time and dose of @entity5 . Increasing laser power density and energy density decreased cell survival. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: @entity5 is an effective photosensitizer for in vitro photodynamic treatment of K9TCC cells. Further studies are warranted to assess the safety and efficacy of @entity5 as a photosensitizer for use in treating @entity2 with @entity3 . Impact for @entity0 Medicine-On the basis of this study, @entity2 with @entity3 may be useful in the development of protocols for @entity5 -based photodynamic therapy of @entity0 affected with @entity1 .

title: @entity6 effects of 635-nm light on @entity2 @entity3 cells incubated with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity3 ( @entity3 ) cells incubated in media containing @entity4 ( @entity5 ) would produce sufficient @entity7 ( @entity7 ) to cause lethal phototoxic effects when exposed to 635-nm light. SAMPLE POPULATION: @entity2 @entity3 cells (K9TCC). PROCEDURE: Cultured K9TCC cells were exposed to graded doses of @entity5 , and @entity7 concentrations were determined. Cells then were exposed to various doses of 635-nm light from a diode laser, and cell viability was assayed. RESULTS: Production of @entity7 was dependent on time and dose of @entity5 . The K9TCC cells incubated with @entity5 produced sufficient @entity7 to cause lethal phototoxic effects when exposed to 635-nm light. @entity6 effects were dependent on time and dose of @entity5 . Increasing laser power density and energy density decreased cell survival. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: @entity5 is an effective photosensitizer for in vitro photodynamic treatment of K9TCC cells. Further studies are warranted to assess the safety and efficacy of @entity5 as a photosensitizer for use in treating @entity2 with @entity3 . Impact for @entity0 Medicine-On the basis of this study, @entity2 with @entity3 may be useful in the development of protocols for @entity5 -based photodynamic therapy of @entity0 affected with @entity1 .

title: XXXX effects of 635-nm light on @entity2 @entity3 cells incubated with @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity3 ( @entity3 ) cells incubated in media containing @entity4 ( @entity5 ) would produce sufficient @entity7 ( @entity7 ) to cause lethal phototoxic effects when exposed to 635-nm light. SAMPLE POPULATION: @entity2 @entity3 cells (K9TCC). PROCEDURE: Cultured K9TCC cells were exposed to graded doses of @entity5 , and @entity7 concentrations were determined. Cells then were exposed to various doses of 635-nm light from a diode laser, and cell viability was assayed. RESULTS: Production of @entity7 was dependent on time and dose of @entity5 . The K9TCC cells incubated with @entity5 produced sufficient @entity7 to cause lethal phototoxic effects when exposed to 635-nm light. @entity6 effects were dependent on time and dose of @entity5 . Increasing laser power density and energy density decreased cell survival. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: @entity5 is an effective photosensitizer for in vitro photodynamic treatment of K9TCC cells. Further studies are warranted to assess the safety and efficacy of @entity5 as a photosensitizer for use in treating @entity2 with @entity3 . Impact for @entity0 Medicine-On the basis of this study, @entity2 with @entity3 may be useful in the development of protocols for @entity5 -based photodynamic therapy of @entity0 affected with @entity1 .

title: @entity6 effects of 635-nm light on @entity2 XXXX cells incubated with @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity3 ( @entity3 ) cells incubated in media containing @entity4 ( @entity5 ) would produce sufficient @entity7 ( @entity7 ) to cause lethal phototoxic effects when exposed to 635-nm light. SAMPLE POPULATION: @entity2 @entity3 cells (K9TCC). PROCEDURE: Cultured K9TCC cells were exposed to graded doses of @entity5 , and @entity7 concentrations were determined. Cells then were exposed to various doses of 635-nm light from a diode laser, and cell viability was assayed. RESULTS: Production of @entity7 was dependent on time and dose of @entity5 . The K9TCC cells incubated with @entity5 produced sufficient @entity7 to cause lethal phototoxic effects when exposed to 635-nm light. @entity6 effects were dependent on time and dose of @entity5 . Increasing laser power density and energy density decreased cell survival. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: @entity5 is an effective photosensitizer for in vitro photodynamic treatment of K9TCC cells. Further studies are warranted to assess the safety and efficacy of @entity5 as a photosensitizer for use in treating @entity2 with @entity3 . Impact for @entity0 Medicine-On the basis of this study, @entity2 with @entity3 may be useful in the development of protocols for @entity5 -based photodynamic therapy of @entity0 affected with @entity1 .

title: @entity6 effects of 635-nm light on XXXX @entity3 cells incubated with @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 species are prevalent airborne fungi. However, the prevalence of allergic sensitization to @entity4 antigens and the true impact of these ubiquitous fungi on @entity3 remain to be determined. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG antibodies against @entity4 ( @entity5 ch 13), the alkaline @entity1 protease major allergen of @entity4 , in @entity2 @entity0 of different age groups. METHODS: @entity5 ch 13 was purified from a culture medium of @entity4 . The reactivity of IgE and IgG antibodies to @entity5 ch 13 in the serum samples of 212 @entity2 @entity0 was analyzed by immunoblotting methods. RESULTS: Sixty-nine (33%) of the 212 sera analyzed showed IgE and/or IgG immunoblot reactivity to @entity5 ch 13. Significant differences in the prevalence of IgE and/or IgG antibody reactivity to @entity5 ch 13 were found among eight different age groups of 212 @entity2 @entity0 . The frequency of IgE-binding reactivity to @entity5 ch 13 increased significantly with the age of the @entity0 . It was 7% for the group less than 10 years old and 42% for the group older than 70 years old. In addition, a significant difference between the prevalence of IgE (7%) and IgG (33%) antibodies against @entity5 ch 13 in the group aged 10 or less was also found. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that IgE and IgG antibodies specific for @entity5 ch 13 were detected in approximately one-third of the 212 @entity2 @entity0 analyzed. Our results suggest that allergic sensitization to @entity5 ch 13, and possibly to other airborne @entity4 species, is more common in older @entity2 @entity0 .

title: The prevalence of IgE antibody reactivity against the alkaline @entity1 protease major allergen of XXXX increases with the age of @entity2 @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 species are prevalent airborne fungi. However, the prevalence of allergic sensitization to @entity4 antigens and the true impact of these ubiquitous fungi on @entity3 remain to be determined. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG antibodies against @entity4 ( @entity5 ch 13), the alkaline @entity1 protease major allergen of @entity4 , in @entity2 @entity0 of different age groups. METHODS: @entity5 ch 13 was purified from a culture medium of @entity4 . The reactivity of IgE and IgG antibodies to @entity5 ch 13 in the serum samples of 212 @entity2 @entity0 was analyzed by immunoblotting methods. RESULTS: Sixty-nine (33%) of the 212 sera analyzed showed IgE and/or IgG immunoblot reactivity to @entity5 ch 13. Significant differences in the prevalence of IgE and/or IgG antibody reactivity to @entity5 ch 13 were found among eight different age groups of 212 @entity2 @entity0 . The frequency of IgE-binding reactivity to @entity5 ch 13 increased significantly with the age of the @entity0 . It was 7% for the group less than 10 years old and 42% for the group older than 70 years old. In addition, a significant difference between the prevalence of IgE (7%) and IgG (33%) antibodies against @entity5 ch 13 in the group aged 10 or less was also found. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that IgE and IgG antibodies specific for @entity5 ch 13 were detected in approximately one-third of the 212 @entity2 @entity0 analyzed. Our results suggest that allergic sensitization to @entity5 ch 13, and possibly to other airborne @entity4 species, is more common in older @entity2 @entity0 .

title: The prevalence of IgE antibody reactivity against the alkaline XXXX protease major allergen of @entity4 increases with the age of @entity2 @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 species are prevalent airborne fungi. However, the prevalence of allergic sensitization to @entity4 antigens and the true impact of these ubiquitous fungi on @entity3 remain to be determined. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG antibodies against @entity4 ( @entity5 ch 13), the alkaline @entity1 protease major allergen of @entity4 , in @entity2 @entity0 of different age groups. METHODS: @entity5 ch 13 was purified from a culture medium of @entity4 . The reactivity of IgE and IgG antibodies to @entity5 ch 13 in the serum samples of 212 @entity2 @entity0 was analyzed by immunoblotting methods. RESULTS: Sixty-nine (33%) of the 212 sera analyzed showed IgE and/or IgG immunoblot reactivity to @entity5 ch 13. Significant differences in the prevalence of IgE and/or IgG antibody reactivity to @entity5 ch 13 were found among eight different age groups of 212 @entity2 @entity0 . The frequency of IgE-binding reactivity to @entity5 ch 13 increased significantly with the age of the @entity0 . It was 7% for the group less than 10 years old and 42% for the group older than 70 years old. In addition, a significant difference between the prevalence of IgE (7%) and IgG (33%) antibodies against @entity5 ch 13 in the group aged 10 or less was also found. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that IgE and IgG antibodies specific for @entity5 ch 13 were detected in approximately one-third of the 212 @entity2 @entity0 analyzed. Our results suggest that allergic sensitization to @entity5 ch 13, and possibly to other airborne @entity4 species, is more common in older @entity2 @entity0 .

title: The prevalence of IgE antibody reactivity against the alkaline @entity1 protease major allergen of @entity4 increases with the age of XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 species are prevalent airborne fungi. However, the prevalence of allergic sensitization to @entity4 antigens and the true impact of these ubiquitous fungi on @entity3 remain to be determined. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the prevalence of immunoglobulin (Ig)E and IgG antibodies against @entity4 ( @entity5 ch 13), the alkaline @entity1 protease major allergen of @entity4 , in @entity2 @entity0 of different age groups. METHODS: @entity5 ch 13 was purified from a culture medium of @entity4 . The reactivity of IgE and IgG antibodies to @entity5 ch 13 in the serum samples of 212 @entity2 @entity0 was analyzed by immunoblotting methods. RESULTS: Sixty-nine (33%) of the 212 sera analyzed showed IgE and/or IgG immunoblot reactivity to @entity5 ch 13. Significant differences in the prevalence of IgE and/or IgG antibody reactivity to @entity5 ch 13 were found among eight different age groups of 212 @entity2 @entity0 . The frequency of IgE-binding reactivity to @entity5 ch 13 increased significantly with the age of the @entity0 . It was 7% for the group less than 10 years old and 42% for the group older than 70 years old. In addition, a significant difference between the prevalence of IgE (7%) and IgG (33%) antibodies against @entity5 ch 13 in the group aged 10 or less was also found. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrates that IgE and IgG antibodies specific for @entity5 ch 13 were detected in approximately one-third of the 212 @entity2 @entity0 analyzed. Our results suggest that allergic sensitization to @entity5 ch 13, and possibly to other airborne @entity4 species, is more common in older @entity2 @entity0 .

title: The prevalence of IgE antibody reactivity against the alkaline @entity1 protease major allergen of @entity4 increases with the age of @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: When cultured in the presence of either @entity2 (RA) or @entity3 ( @entity3 ), aggregates of the P19 line of @entity0 @entity1 ( @entity1 ) cells differentiate and the spectrum of cell types formed depends on the drug dose. It is shown here the @entity1 cells rapidly lose their colony-forming ability when cultured as aggregates in the presence of @entity3 . This loss of plating efficiency (PE) also occurs rapidly following RA treatment. Loss of PE has been used as a quantitative procedure for assessing the rate of drug-induced differentiation. The relationship between drug dose and loss of PE is much steeper for @entity3 than for RA, suggesting that these two drugs affect different stages of the differentiation decision-making apparatus. Mutant @entity1 cell lines (D3 and RAC65) do not differentiate in the presence of drug-inducers ( @entity3 and RA, respectively). Neither @entity4 mutant has an altered ability to form gap junctions. When D3 and P19 cells were mixed within the same @entity3 -treated aggregates, the D3 cells remained undifferentiated and the P19 cells differentiated much less efficiently than if they were cultured in the absence of the D3 cells. When RAC65 and P19 cells were mixed in RA-treated aggregates, each cell responded to the drug as though the other were absent. Thus RA behaves as a cell-autonomous inducer of differentiation, whereas @entity3 -induced differentiation seems to be mediated by interactions between neighboring cells.

title: Cell-cell interaction can influence drug-induced differentiation of @entity0 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: When cultured in the presence of either @entity2 (RA) or @entity3 ( @entity3 ), aggregates of the P19 line of @entity0 @entity1 ( @entity1 ) cells differentiate and the spectrum of cell types formed depends on the drug dose. It is shown here the @entity1 cells rapidly lose their colony-forming ability when cultured as aggregates in the presence of @entity3 . This loss of plating efficiency (PE) also occurs rapidly following RA treatment. Loss of PE has been used as a quantitative procedure for assessing the rate of drug-induced differentiation. The relationship between drug dose and loss of PE is much steeper for @entity3 than for RA, suggesting that these two drugs affect different stages of the differentiation decision-making apparatus. Mutant @entity1 cell lines (D3 and RAC65) do not differentiate in the presence of drug-inducers ( @entity3 and RA, respectively). Neither @entity4 mutant has an altered ability to form gap junctions. When D3 and P19 cells were mixed within the same @entity3 -treated aggregates, the D3 cells remained undifferentiated and the P19 cells differentiated much less efficiently than if they were cultured in the absence of the D3 cells. When RAC65 and P19 cells were mixed in RA-treated aggregates, each cell responded to the drug as though the other were absent. Thus RA behaves as a cell-autonomous inducer of differentiation, whereas @entity3 -induced differentiation seems to be mediated by interactions between neighboring cells.

title: Cell-cell interaction can influence drug-induced differentiation of XXXX @entity1 cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Low levels of statin adherence have been documented in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), but whether coronary revascularization is associated with improved adherence rates has yet to be evaluated. We identified all Medicare beneficiaries enrolled in 2 statewide pharmacy assistance programs who were >= 65 years old, who had been hospitalized for @entity1 from 1995 through 2004, and who had been prescribed statin therapy within 90 days of discharge (n = 13,130). Statin adherence was measured based on the proportion of days covered with statin therapy after hospital discharge, and full adherence was defined as proportion of days covered >= 80%. Statin adherence was compared in @entity0 with @entity1 treated with medical therapy (n = 3,714), percutaneous coronary intervention (n = 6,309), or coronary artery bypass graft surgery (n = 3,107). Statin adherence significantly increased over the period of the study from 70.5% to 75.4% (p <0.0001). After hospitalization for @entity1 , @entity0 treated with percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass graft surgery had full adherence rates of 70.6% and 70.2%, respectively. Full adherence rates were significantly lower for @entity0 treated with coronary revascularization compared to @entity0 treated with medical therapy (79.4%, p <0.0001). Independent predictors of higher statin adherence included treatment with medical therapy, later year of hospital admission, white race, previous statin use, and use of other cardiac medications after @entity1 hospitalization (p <0.01 for all comparisons). In conclusion, in @entity0 receiving invasive coronary treatment, statin adherence remains suboptimal, despite strong evidence supporting their use. Given the health and economic consequences of nonadherence, these findings highlight the need for developing cost-effective strategies to improve medication adherence after coronary revascularization.

title: Adherence to statin therapy in elderly XXXX after hospitalization for coronary revascularization.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The psychometric properties of the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) have not been tested in @entity0 with @entity1 , despite its being the most frequently used instrument measuring @entity2 in this population. OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to assess the psychometric properties of the FSS using both traditional and modern test theory approaches in @entity0 with @entity1 . DESIGN AND SETTING: A total of 119 @entity0 admitted to two hospitals in Norway with their first @entity1 were recruited to a longitudinal study of poststroke @entity2 . Data on socio-demographics, @entity2 and other clinical variables were collected by face-to-face interviews using standardized questionnaires or by mailed questionnaires at four time points six months apart. A total of 428 responses on the FSS were analysed. The internal scale validity, @entity0 response validity, unidimensionality, and uniform differential item functioning were assessed by applications of a Rasch model and by Cronbach's alpha. Additionally, concurrent validity was assessed using bivariate correlation analysis. RESULTS: Items #1 and #2 in the original FSS demonstrated unacceptable high mean-square values. When these two items were removed, the psychometric properties in FSS-7 demonstrated better evidence of validity. No systematic differential item functioning of the items in FSS-7 was found in relation to any of the analysed variables. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with @entity1 , the FSS-7 showed better psychometric properties and had better potential to detect changes in @entity2 over time than the FSS-9 version, suggesting satisfactory grounds for removal of items #1 and #2 for its application.

title: Psychometric properties of the Fatigue Severity Scale-Rasch analyses of individual responses in a XXXX cohort.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 (UELS) is a rare @entity1 that typically occurs in @entity0 . The association of UELS with @entity1 other than @entity4 is exceedingly rare. The aim of the study was to report 3 cases of UELS, 2 of them being interesting because of their association with another @entity1 , vaginal @entity6 in a teenage @entity0 and @entity5 in a middle-aged @entity0 . Besides, one of our cases of UELS, in a 58-year-old @entity0 , is an extremely rare presentation of such a @entity1 in a middle-aged adult. The @entity0 's clinical features, therapy, and pathologic results were reviewed; immunohistochemical analysis and, in 2 cases, electron microscopy were performed. In this study, all 3 @entity0 were females aged 13, 13, and 58 years. Histopathologic evaluation of resected @entity2 confirmed the diagnosis of UELS in all of them. In 2 of the cases, metachronous occurrence of UELS with vaginal @entity6 in a teenage @entity0 and @entity5 in a middle-aged @entity0 is described. Careful clinical analysis, histologic studies, and immunohistochemistry are mandatory to distinguish UELS from other @entity3 with similar or overlapping features and to exclude the possibility of other @entity1 that may be considered in the differential diagnosis. The association of UELS with another @entity1 is exceedingly rare.

title: XXXX : synchronous and metachronous occurrence with @entity1 other than @entity4 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 (UELS) is a rare @entity1 that typically occurs in @entity0 . The association of UELS with @entity1 other than @entity4 is exceedingly rare. The aim of the study was to report 3 cases of UELS, 2 of them being interesting because of their association with another @entity1 , vaginal @entity6 in a teenage @entity0 and @entity5 in a middle-aged @entity0 . Besides, one of our cases of UELS, in a 58-year-old @entity0 , is an extremely rare presentation of such a @entity1 in a middle-aged adult. The @entity0 's clinical features, therapy, and pathologic results were reviewed; immunohistochemical analysis and, in 2 cases, electron microscopy were performed. In this study, all 3 @entity0 were females aged 13, 13, and 58 years. Histopathologic evaluation of resected @entity2 confirmed the diagnosis of UELS in all of them. In 2 of the cases, metachronous occurrence of UELS with vaginal @entity6 in a teenage @entity0 and @entity5 in a middle-aged @entity0 is described. Careful clinical analysis, histologic studies, and immunohistochemistry are mandatory to distinguish UELS from other @entity3 with similar or overlapping features and to exclude the possibility of other @entity1 that may be considered in the differential diagnosis. The association of UELS with another @entity1 is exceedingly rare.

title: @entity4 : synchronous and metachronous occurrence with @entity1 other than XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 (UELS) is a rare @entity1 that typically occurs in @entity0 . The association of UELS with @entity1 other than @entity4 is exceedingly rare. The aim of the study was to report 3 cases of UELS, 2 of them being interesting because of their association with another @entity1 , vaginal @entity6 in a teenage @entity0 and @entity5 in a middle-aged @entity0 . Besides, one of our cases of UELS, in a 58-year-old @entity0 , is an extremely rare presentation of such a @entity1 in a middle-aged adult. The @entity0 's clinical features, therapy, and pathologic results were reviewed; immunohistochemical analysis and, in 2 cases, electron microscopy were performed. In this study, all 3 @entity0 were females aged 13, 13, and 58 years. Histopathologic evaluation of resected @entity2 confirmed the diagnosis of UELS in all of them. In 2 of the cases, metachronous occurrence of UELS with vaginal @entity6 in a teenage @entity0 and @entity5 in a middle-aged @entity0 is described. Careful clinical analysis, histologic studies, and immunohistochemistry are mandatory to distinguish UELS from other @entity3 with similar or overlapping features and to exclude the possibility of other @entity1 that may be considered in the differential diagnosis. The association of UELS with another @entity1 is exceedingly rare.

title: @entity4 : synchronous and metachronous occurrence with XXXX other than @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECT: Balloon kyphoplasty has recently been shown to be effective in providing rapid @entity4 relief and enhancing health-related quality of life in @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 . When performed to treat lesions of the upper thoracic spine, kyphoplasty poses certain technical challenges because of the smaller size of the pedicle and vertebral bodies. Fluoroscopic visualization is also difficult due to interference of the shoulder. The authors' objective in the present study was to evaluate their approach and the results of balloon kyphoplasty in the upper thoracic spine in @entity0 with metastatic @entity3 . METHODS: Fourteen @entity0 underwent kyphoplasty via an extrapedicular approach to treat @entity1 in the upper (T1-5) thoracic spine. Electrodiagnostic monitoring (somatosensory and motor evoked potentials) was used in 5 cases. Three levels were treated in 7 cases, 2 levels in 2 cases, and 1 level in 5 cases. In 3 cases access was bilateral, whereas in 11 cases access was unilateral. The procedure took an average of 25 minutes per treated level, and the mean amount of cement applied was 3 ml per level. Four @entity0 were discharged from the hospital on the day of the procedure, and 10 @entity0 went home after 24 hours. RESULTS: All @entity0 exhibited marked improvement in mean visual analog scale scores (preoperative score 79 vs postoperative score 30, respectively) and @entity7 Index scores (83 vs 33, respectively). The mean kyphotic angle was 25.03   preoperatively, whereas the mean postoperative angle was 22.65   (p > 0.3). At latest follow-up, the mean kyphotic angle did not differ significantly from the postoperative kyphotic angle (26.3  , p > 0.1). No neurological @entity6 ( @entity9 ) were encountered in any of the @entity0 . @entity8 cement extravasations were observed in 3 (10%) of 30 treated vertebral bodies without any sequelae. By a mean follow-up of 16 months, no @entity0 had experienced an adjacent-level @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Balloon kyphoplasty of the upper thoracic spine via an extrapedicular approach is an efficient and safe minimally invasive procedure that may provide immediate and long-term @entity4 relief and improvement in functional ability. It is technically challenging and has the potential for serious complications. With a fundamental knowledge of anatomy, as well as an ability to interpret fluoroscopy images, one can feasibly and safely perform balloon kyphoplasty in the upper thoracic spine.

title: Balloon kyphoplasty in the treatment of XXXX of the upper thoracic spine.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mulesing is an important method of preventing flystrike of Merino @entity1 in Australia, but because there are important short-term welfare issues associated with mulesing, alternative methods of removing the skin folds for breech flystrike prevention are being investigated. OBJECTIVE: To examine the short-term systemic effects of mulesing and two proposed alternatives, compared with two control methods, for controlling breech flystrike. METHOD: The five treatment groups comprised 10 @entity1 each: (1) mulesing, (2) intradermal- @entity2 treatment, (3) clip application, (4) tail docking only and (5) no treatment. Changes in body weight, haematological and biochemical profiles, and concentrations of fibrinogen, @entity3 and serum amyloid A were measured repeatedly for 29 days post treatment. RESULTS: The mulesing and intradermal- @entity2 groups were the only treatment groups to lose weight during the first week, with greater weight loss in the mulesing group. The mulesing group had the most marked increases in all three acute-phase protein concentrations, closely followed by the intradermal- @entity2 group, with a mild increase observed for the clip group and even less for the tail-docked group. The mulesing group was the only group to develop mild @entity0 , transient hyperglycaemia and a persistent decreased albumin : globulin ratio. The neutrophil : lymphocyte ratio was above the upper reference limit for both the mulesing and intradermal- @entity2 groups. CONCLUSION: Mulesing had the greatest systemic effect in terms of the magnitude and duration of increased acute-phase protein concentrations and haematological, biochemical and body weight changes. The clips had a significantly reduced systemic effect compared with mulesing, with the intradermal- @entity2 treatment in between the two. Tail docking had a minimal systemic effect.

title: Assessment of the short-term systemic effect of and acute phase response to mulesing and other options for controlling breech flystrike in Merino XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cicatricial forms of @entity2 , including @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), may present with overlapping clinical features. In such cases, histopathological examination may provide key information for resolving the differential diagnosis. Optimally, microscopical analysis for @entity2 requires both vertical and horizontal sections, and this may necessitate multiple samples. Here, we present what we term the "HoVert" technique, which produces horizontal and vertical sections from a single biopsy. We hypothesize that the HoVert technique should be useful for differentiating @entity4 from @entity3 . METHODS: A @entity1 -fixed 4 mm punch scalp biopsy is transected approximately 1 mm below the skin surface to create an epidermal disc and a lower portion. The epidermal disc is bisected and embedded in conventional fashion to obtain vertical sections. The lower portion is serially sectioned and embedded to obtain horizontal sections. RESULTS: The HoVert technique yields vertical sections permitting visualization of the epidermis, the @entity0 . The technique also provides horizontal sections that permit analysis of follicle number, follicle type, perifollicular @entity0 and scarring. Evaluation of both vertical and horizontal sections from a single scalp biopsy maximizes the histopathological information obtained and enhances the diagnosis of @entity3 or @entity4 in specific cases. CONCLUSIONS: We believe that the HoVert technique represents a simple and diagnostically effective tool in differentiating @entity3 from @entity4 . It may also be applicable to the assessment of other forms of @entity2 .

title: The HoVert technique: a novel method for the sectioning of XXXX biopsies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Hemiparetic subjects present with @entity5 including @entity3 , @entity4 and an inability to isolate movement to one or a few joints. Voluntary attempts to move a single joint often result in excessive motion at adjacent joints. We investigated whether the inability to individuate joint movements is associated with @entity1 . Controls and hemiparetic subjects performed two different @entity5 and three individuated arm movements, all in the parasagittal plane. The @entity5 were a sagittal 'reach up' ( @entity7 ) and 'reach out' (shoulder flexion and elbow extension). Joint individuation was assessed by getting each subject to perform an isolated flexion-extension movement at each of the shoulder, elbow and wrist joints. In addition, we measured strength, muscle tone and sensation using standard clinical instruments. Hemiparetic subjects showed varying degrees of impairment when performing @entity5 and individuated joint movements. @entity2 (hand path curvature, velocity) were worse in the reach out versus the reach up condition. Typical joint individuation abnormalities were @entity6 that should have been held fixed during movement of the instructed joint. Hemiparetic subjects tended to produce concurrent flexion motions of shoulder and @entity6 when attempting any movement, one explanation for why they were better at the 'reach up' than the 'reach out' task. Hierarchical regression analysis showed that impaired joint individuation explained most of the variance in the reach path curvature and end point error; strength explained most of the variance in reaching velocity. Sensation also contributed significantly, but @entity4 and strength were not significant in the model. We conclude that the @entity0 reflects a fundamental motor control problem that largely explains some aspects of @entity0 of hemiparetic subjects.

title: How do strength, sensation, XXXX and joint individuation relate to the reaching deficits of people with chronic hemiparesis?

answer: @entity4


abstract: The @entity4 ( @entity4 ) gene is considered to be a gatekeeper in colorectal tumourigenesis. Inactivating mutations in @entity4 have been reported in 34-70% of sporadic @entity2 @entity0 , the majority of which occur in the mutation cluster region (MCR). In this study, @entity1 tissue from 665 incident @entity2 @entity0 , who originate from 120 852 @entity0 and @entity0 (55-69 years of age at baseline) participating in The Netherlands Cohort Study, was evaluated for the occurrence and type of @entity4 mutations with regard to age at diagnosis, gender, family history of @entity2 , Dukes' stage, @entity1 differentiation and sub-localization. Mutation analysis of the MCR, which spans codons 1286-1513, was performed on archival @entity3 samples using macrodissection, nested PCR and direct sequencing of purified PCR fragments. A large number of genetic aberrations (n = 978), including point mutations (n = 833), deletions (n = 126) and insertions (n = 19) was detected in the MCR in 72% of @entity0 (479/665). In particular, we observed a large number of missense mutations, more than reported previously. This may indicate involvement in colorectal carcinogenesis, although their significance for @entity4 functions is unclear. Truncating mutations were found in 37% of @entity0 (248/665). @entity0 with @entity1 relatively more frequently harboured @entity5 nonsense mutations and truncating frameshift mutations as compared with @entity0 with proximal and distal @entity1 (P = 0.009 and P = 0.045, respectively). Differences in occurrence of truncating mutations with regard to @entity1 sub-localization suggest a different aetiology of tumourigenesis in colon and rectum.

title: XXXX mutations in sporadic @entity2 from The Netherlands Cohort Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The @entity4 ( @entity4 ) gene is considered to be a gatekeeper in colorectal tumourigenesis. Inactivating mutations in @entity4 have been reported in 34-70% of sporadic @entity2 @entity0 , the majority of which occur in the mutation cluster region (MCR). In this study, @entity1 tissue from 665 incident @entity2 @entity0 , who originate from 120 852 @entity0 and @entity0 (55-69 years of age at baseline) participating in The Netherlands Cohort Study, was evaluated for the occurrence and type of @entity4 mutations with regard to age at diagnosis, gender, family history of @entity2 , Dukes' stage, @entity1 differentiation and sub-localization. Mutation analysis of the MCR, which spans codons 1286-1513, was performed on archival @entity3 samples using macrodissection, nested PCR and direct sequencing of purified PCR fragments. A large number of genetic aberrations (n = 978), including point mutations (n = 833), deletions (n = 126) and insertions (n = 19) was detected in the MCR in 72% of @entity0 (479/665). In particular, we observed a large number of missense mutations, more than reported previously. This may indicate involvement in colorectal carcinogenesis, although their significance for @entity4 functions is unclear. Truncating mutations were found in 37% of @entity0 (248/665). @entity0 with @entity1 relatively more frequently harboured @entity5 nonsense mutations and truncating frameshift mutations as compared with @entity0 with proximal and distal @entity1 (P = 0.009 and P = 0.045, respectively). Differences in occurrence of truncating mutations with regard to @entity1 sub-localization suggest a different aetiology of tumourigenesis in colon and rectum.

title: @entity4 mutations in sporadic XXXX from The Netherlands Cohort Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: For correction of @entity1 , @entity2 band plating has been proposed as a safe and minimally invasive technique. The purpose of this study was to assess the experiences and report the rate of correction obtained with this procedure in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of 47 @entity1 of the knee treated with medial hemiepiphysiodesis using a @entity2 band plate. The tibiofemoral angle (TFA) and the anatomic lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA) were assessed on anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of the lower extremity taken at multiple time intervals. The values were charted to determine the change in orientation of the joint surface over time. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the correction over time. A subanalysis was performed evaluating the effect of age and the number of plates utilized. RESULTS: A total of 47 deformities in 25 @entity0 were reviewed. The average time of follow-up from index surgery was 12.7  months, with an average correction of 0.96   every 3  months or 3.8   per year. The aLDFA corrected at a faster rate in knees with two plates per hemiepiphysiodesis than those with one plate, 4.2   and 3.3   per year, respectively (P  =  0.035). @entity0  <11 years of age and @entity0  <13 years of age corrected at a rate of 4.5  , while older @entity0 corrected at a rate of 3.4   per year (P  =  0.39). There were no complications or instrumentation breakages. CONCLUSION: Hemiepiphysiodesis with @entity2 band plating provides an effective and predictable correction of @entity3 . Two plates appear to provide a greater rate of correction. There is also a trend toward faster correction in younger @entity0 as well.

title: Early experience with medial femoral @entity2 band plating in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: For correction of @entity1 , @entity2 band plating has been proposed as a safe and minimally invasive technique. The purpose of this study was to assess the experiences and report the rate of correction obtained with this procedure in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: This study was a retrospective review of 47 @entity1 of the knee treated with medial hemiepiphysiodesis using a @entity2 band plate. The tibiofemoral angle (TFA) and the anatomic lateral distal femoral angle (aLDFA) were assessed on anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of the lower extremity taken at multiple time intervals. The values were charted to determine the change in orientation of the joint surface over time. Pearson's correlation was used to analyze the correction over time. A subanalysis was performed evaluating the effect of age and the number of plates utilized. RESULTS: A total of 47 deformities in 25 @entity0 were reviewed. The average time of follow-up from index surgery was 12.7  months, with an average correction of 0.96   every 3  months or 3.8   per year. The aLDFA corrected at a faster rate in knees with two plates per hemiepiphysiodesis than those with one plate, 4.2   and 3.3   per year, respectively (P  =  0.035). @entity0  <11 years of age and @entity0  <13 years of age corrected at a rate of 4.5  , while older @entity0 corrected at a rate of 3.4   per year (P  =  0.39). There were no complications or instrumentation breakages. CONCLUSION: Hemiepiphysiodesis with @entity2 band plating provides an effective and predictable correction of @entity3 . Two plates appear to provide a greater rate of correction. There is also a trend toward faster correction in younger @entity0 as well.

title: Early experience with medial femoral XXXX band plating in @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The shape of the dose-response curve may vary depending on whether one examines response at a population or a single cell level. Populations of cells may exhibit a graded response whereas single cell responses may have threshold or switch-like behavior. Studies in vivo and in vitro using primary hepatocyte cultures have shown that induction of @entity3 in the liver exhibits switch-like behavior in response to @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The goal of the present study was to determine if two liver cell lines (H4IIE @entity1 @entity2 and Hepa 1c1c7 @entity0 @entity2 ) also show switch-like behavior and develop experimental models for studying mechanisms of these switch-like responses. Both cell lines were analyzed via concentration-response and time-course studies using quantitative real-time PCR, revealing a sigmoidal concentration-response curve for @entity3 mRNA induction at the population level. To study @entity3 protein induction on a single cell level, flow cytometry was employed. In both cell lines the distribution of fluorescence increased with increasing concentrations of @entity4 . The switch behavior was more pronounced in the H4IIE cells than in the Hepa 1c1c7 cells, exhibiting a well-defined shift of induction from the "off" to the "on" state. The concentration-response curve at the single cell level appeared more switch-like with two populations of cells-basal levels and maximally induced. Immunocytochemistry studies of individual cells also support these conclusions. Our data support the hypothesis that @entity4 induces @entity3 in a switch-like fashion in H4IIE @entity1 @entity2 cells. These cells can now be used to study the mechanism of the biological switch.

title: Single cell analysis of switch-like induction of XXXX in liver cell lines.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Different preparations of chromatin isolated from mycelia of @entity3 were analyzed for DNA-associated RNA and proteins. The UV absorption spectra, the ultrastructure of chromatin, and the @entity1 composition of the acid-extractable proteins were studied. The protein:DNA ratios range from 1.5 to 2.8; the RNA:DNA ratios range from 0.5 to 1.24. UV absorption shows a macimum at 259 mmicro and a minimum at 238-239 mmicro. The E280/E260 ranges from 0.59 to 0.70. Electron microscopy reveals a fibrous structure with individual fibers of 120-150 A average diameter. Attempts were made to study the protein by @entity4 gel electrophoresis and @entity1 analysis. The results indicate that @entity3 chromatin does not contain basic proteins comparable to @entity0 thymus histone. The ratios of basic to acidic @entity2 range from 0.93 to 1.19. On electrophoresis, no bands are seen whose positions correspond to those of histones. Staining for basic proteins with fast green or eosin Y at pH 8.2 also shows a negative reaction, suggesting the absence of histones.

title: Isolation and characterization of chromatin from XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Operative treatment of displaced midshaft @entity2 reportedly decreases the risk of symptomatic malunion, nonunion, and residual shoulder disability. Plating these @entity2 , however, may trade these complications for hardware-related problems. Low-profile anatomically precontoured plates may reduce the rates of plate prominence and hardware removal. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: We compared the outcomes after precontoured and noncontoured superior plating of acute displaced midshaft @entity2 . Primary outcomes were rate of plate prominence, rate of hardware removal, and rate of complications. Secondary outcomes were @entity3 and @entity1 and function scores. @entity0 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 52 @entity0 with 52 acute, displaced midshaft @entity2 treated with either noncontoured or precontoured superior clavicle plate fixation. Fourteen @entity0 with noncontoured plates and 28 with precontoured plates were available for followup at a minimum of 1  year postoperatively. Postoperative assessment included @entity3 , radiographs, and subjective scores including visual analog scale for @entity1 , American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons questionnaire, and Simple Shoulder Test. RESULTS: @entity0 complained of prominent hardware in nine of 14 in the noncontoured group and nine of 28 in the precontoured group. Hardware removal rates were three of 14 in the noncontoured group and three of 28 in the precontoured group. Postoperative @entity3 and postoperative subjective scores were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Precontoured plating versus noncontoured plating of displaced midshaft @entity2 results in a lower rate of plate prominence in @entity0 who do not undergo hardware removal. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Precontoured plating of XXXX : decreased hardware-related complications?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dynamization involves a reduction in fixation construct stiffness during @entity2 , allowing increased interfragmentary movement of the @entity3 through physiologic weightbearing and @entity6 . Within some optimal range, interfragmentary movement stimulates healing, but this range likely varies across stages of @entity2 . QUESTIONS/PURPOSES: How does the time of dynamization affect the cartilage formation, bony bridging, and bone resorption in a @entity1 @entity3 -healing model? METHODS: Unilateral external fixators, stabilizing a 1-mm gap, were dynamized at 1 (D1 group, n = 10), 3 (D3 group, n = 11), or 4 (D4 group, n = 11) weeks postoperatively. Continuously 5 weeks stiff (S group, n = 10) and flexible (F group, n = 11) fixation were included for comparison. After 5 weeks, healing was evaluated by histomorphometric methods. RESULTS: @entity5 , indicated by less cartilage and a greater rate of bony bridging, was observed in the S group compared to the D1 or F group. In contrast, the D3 and D4 groups had less cartilage and more bridging compared to the S group. Also, the S group had less cortical resorption than the F and D1 groups. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest late dynamization at the onset of bony bridging led to enhanced healing, whereas dynamization at the early stage of cartilage differentiation @entity4 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although our observations from this small-animal study cannot be directly transferred to @entity0 , these data suggest, once bony bridging begins, dynamization may stimulate @entity2 and accelerate remodeling.

title: Temporal variation in fixation stiffness affects healing by differential cartilage formation in a XXXX osteotomy model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The distribution of proteoglycans in 21 temporal and two ulnar @entity6 was studied immunohistochemically. A history of @entity3 was elicited in six cases, and 16 of the lesions were pulsatile. The clinical diagnosis was @entity4 or cyst in 18 @entity0 , possible @entity7 in two @entity0 , @entity1 in one @entity0 , and unknown in the remaining @entity0 . Histologically, there was a prominent myxoid neointimal response in the walls of each interrupted artery. The remnant arterial segment was often inconspicuous. Prominent smooth muscle cell proliferation and granulation tissue response with @entity2 led to misdiagnosis of @entity1 or @entity5 , respectively, in 11 cases. Immunohistochemical staining for proteoglycans demonstrated abundant, diffuse @entity9 in interrupted wall segments. @entity8 was confined to collagenized and vascularized areas. In some portions of medial disruption, in which angiogenesis was prominent, decorin was expressed within endothelial cells of neocapillaries. These findings demonstrate that superficial @entity6 may be mistaken clinically and pathologically for unrelated entities. The immunohistochemical studies confirm that @entity9 is upregulated in areas of tensile stress. In addition, the presence of endothelial expression of decorin supports the concept of decorin's involvement in angiogenesis.

title: Superficial XXXX : clinicopathologic aspects and involvement of extracellular matrix proteoglycans.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if @entity1 ( @entity1 ) exhibits significant prognostic differences in Chinese versus white @entity0 . METHODS: From the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database for the time period 1988 to 2000, all cases of @entity1 were extracted and staging variables computed. To each case of @entity1 diagnosed in a Chinese @entity0 , a case of @entity1 in a white @entity0 was randomly matched for age at diagnosis, gender, grade, stage, and treatment modality. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was then conducted for the matched groups comparing overall survival and disease-specific survival both for the overall matched cohort and stage stratified cohorts. RESULTS: Among 1,520 cases of @entity1 , 338 were identified in Chinese @entity0 with staging information. Of these, 171 were successfully matched to white @entity0 . Average age at presentation was 51.5 years with a 3:1 male predominance. Overall survival was substantially better for Chinese @entity0 (mean survival, 94 months; median survival, 95 months) than for white @entity0 (81 months and 64 months, P =.037). Stratified for stage, overall survival was better for Chinese @entity0 for stage 3 but not stage 4 disease (P =.012 and P =.447, respectively). Disease-specific survival was not substantially different between Chinese @entity0 (mean survival, 116 months) and white @entity0 (mean survival 117 months, P =.99). No differences in disease-specific survival were identified for race when stratified by stage (all P >.05). CONCLUSIONS: Although overall survival is better for Chinese @entity0 with @entity1 compared with white @entity0 , disease-specific survival is similar between these racial groups. These data suggest that the biological behavior of @entity1 is relatively independent of race.

title: The impact of race on survival in XXXX : a matched analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To determine whether intracoronary streptokinase improves late regional wall motion or reduces @entity6 or @entity4 formation in @entity0 with @entity2 , two-dimensional echocardiography was performed at 8 +/- 3 weeks after @entity7 in 83 @entity0 randomized to streptokinase (n = 45) or standard therapy (n = 38) in the Western Washington Intracoronary Streptokinase Trial. Among the @entity0 treated with streptokinase, the average time to treatment was 4.7 +/- 2.5 hours after the onset of @entity3 , and 67% had successful reperfusion. Regional wall motion was assessed in nine left ventricular segments on a scale of 1 to 4 (normal, @entity9 , @entity8 and @entity5 ). @entity6 formation was interpreted as positive, equivocal or negative. All patients received anticoagulant therapy in the hospital and 52 received such therapy after hospital discharge. The mean (+/- SD) global (1.5 +/- 0.4 in both groups) and regional wall motion scores in the streptokinase-treated and control groups were not significantly different. The prevalence of @entity1 was 16% in both groups. @entity6 was identified in only five @entity0 (positive identification in four, and equivocal in one), all in the streptokinase-treated group (p = NS). There were also no differences between streptokinase and control treatment in any of the echocardiographic variables in subgroups of @entity0 with anterior @entity7 , @entity7 , no prior @entity7 or reperfusion with streptokinase. It is concluded that intracoronary streptokinase given relatively late in the course of @entity2 does not result in improved global or regional wall motion or a reduction in @entity6 or @entity1 formation in survivors studied 2 months after @entity2 .

title: Late effects of intracoronary streptokinase on regional wall motion, XXXX and @entity6 in @entity2 : results from the Western Washington Randomized Trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To determine whether intracoronary streptokinase improves late regional wall motion or reduces @entity6 or @entity4 formation in @entity0 with @entity2 , two-dimensional echocardiography was performed at 8 +/- 3 weeks after @entity7 in 83 @entity0 randomized to streptokinase (n = 45) or standard therapy (n = 38) in the Western Washington Intracoronary Streptokinase Trial. Among the @entity0 treated with streptokinase, the average time to treatment was 4.7 +/- 2.5 hours after the onset of @entity3 , and 67% had successful reperfusion. Regional wall motion was assessed in nine left ventricular segments on a scale of 1 to 4 (normal, @entity9 , @entity8 and @entity5 ). @entity6 formation was interpreted as positive, equivocal or negative. All patients received anticoagulant therapy in the hospital and 52 received such therapy after hospital discharge. The mean (+/- SD) global (1.5 +/- 0.4 in both groups) and regional wall motion scores in the streptokinase-treated and control groups were not significantly different. The prevalence of @entity1 was 16% in both groups. @entity6 was identified in only five @entity0 (positive identification in four, and equivocal in one), all in the streptokinase-treated group (p = NS). There were also no differences between streptokinase and control treatment in any of the echocardiographic variables in subgroups of @entity0 with anterior @entity7 , @entity7 , no prior @entity7 or reperfusion with streptokinase. It is concluded that intracoronary streptokinase given relatively late in the course of @entity2 does not result in improved global or regional wall motion or a reduction in @entity6 or @entity1 formation in survivors studied 2 months after @entity2 .

title: Late effects of intracoronary streptokinase on regional wall motion, @entity1 and XXXX in @entity2 : results from the Western Washington Randomized Trial.

answer: @entity6


abstract: To determine whether intracoronary streptokinase improves late regional wall motion or reduces @entity6 or @entity4 formation in @entity0 with @entity2 , two-dimensional echocardiography was performed at 8 +/- 3 weeks after @entity7 in 83 @entity0 randomized to streptokinase (n = 45) or standard therapy (n = 38) in the Western Washington Intracoronary Streptokinase Trial. Among the @entity0 treated with streptokinase, the average time to treatment was 4.7 +/- 2.5 hours after the onset of @entity3 , and 67% had successful reperfusion. Regional wall motion was assessed in nine left ventricular segments on a scale of 1 to 4 (normal, @entity9 , @entity8 and @entity5 ). @entity6 formation was interpreted as positive, equivocal or negative. All patients received anticoagulant therapy in the hospital and 52 received such therapy after hospital discharge. The mean (+/- SD) global (1.5 +/- 0.4 in both groups) and regional wall motion scores in the streptokinase-treated and control groups were not significantly different. The prevalence of @entity1 was 16% in both groups. @entity6 was identified in only five @entity0 (positive identification in four, and equivocal in one), all in the streptokinase-treated group (p = NS). There were also no differences between streptokinase and control treatment in any of the echocardiographic variables in subgroups of @entity0 with anterior @entity7 , @entity7 , no prior @entity7 or reperfusion with streptokinase. It is concluded that intracoronary streptokinase given relatively late in the course of @entity2 does not result in improved global or regional wall motion or a reduction in @entity6 or @entity1 formation in survivors studied 2 months after @entity2 .

title: Late effects of intracoronary streptokinase on regional wall motion, @entity1 and @entity6 in XXXX : results from the Western Washington Randomized Trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Two hundred and twelve cases of @entity14 due to different causes (excluding typhoid) were treated in 3 phases in the Department of Surgery, JIPMER Hospital, Pondicherry, during the periods 1966-78 (phase I), 1981-88 (phase II) and 1990-1998 (Phase III). Forty per cent of the @entity0 were in the second and third decades of life. Male-to-female ratio was 2.2:1. The majority of the perforations (52.8%) were due to non-specific causes. @entity1 (19.3%) and mechanical factors (12.7%) were the other principal aetiologies. @entity2 abdomen (92.3%), @entity10 (63.6%) and @entity3 (44.3%) were the principal presenting features. Abdominal guarding and @entity12 (89%) were the main physical signs. @entity8 was present in 66.8% of cases on plain X-ray abdomen. Widal and blood culture for @entity11 were negative in all. Laparotomy was done in most of the cases after adequate resuscitation. Simple closure of the perforation, wedge resection and resection @entity4 were the different procedures of management. Histology of the margin of perforation/excised gut gave added evidence of a non-typhoid etiology. Broad-spectrum antibiotics in different combinations with @entity9 were administered postoperatively. Mortality was 28.2% in Phase I, and 9.4% and 11.9% in phases II and III respectively. The lag period (advent of symptoms and hospitalization) showed definite relationship with mortality and morbidity. @entity13 , wound @entity15 , enterocutaneous @entity6 and @entity7 were the principal @entity5 .

title: Pattern of nontyphoid XXXX over three decades in Pondicherry.

answer: @entity14


abstract: A case of nevoid basal-cell @entity7 in a four years old @entity0 with preceding familiar history is reported. In her @entity7 father numerous basocellular, @entity3 , mandibular cysts, @entity4 , @entity5 ted and hiperkeratosis of the sole of the feet were described. Clinically, the @entity0 presented initial @entity11 together with macrocephalus, bossing forehead, @entity15 , @entity4 , retarded maturation, "keel" thorax, genu recurvatum, @entity13 , hammerfinger, pigmented @entity17 and @entity14 of the sole of the feet. Radiologically @entity16 of the skull suture with jagged image, endocranial @entity6 , signs of macrocephalus of the facial bones, @entity8 , @entity18 and fusion of the ribs was observed. The axial computed tomography showed calcification of the vermix cerebelosus and severe @entity9 suggesting the presence of an occupant mass. After total surgical removal of the mass, the histological examination revealed a @entity12 . The skin biopsy of a cutaneous nevic element showed a @entity10 . With the exception of an @entity2 and fusion of the vertebras non appreciable because of the age. With the exception of the @entity2 and the fusion of the vertebras, the @entity0 showed the same characteristics as those described in the classification of Gorlin. The importance of this paper communication lie on the preceding familiar history, infrequency, compromise of different systems, malignant tendency of the cutaneous lesions and frequent association with non cutaneous @entity1 .

title: [Basal cell XXXX syndrome. Presentation of 2 cases. 1 associated with @entity12 ].

answer: @entity17


abstract: A case of nevoid basal-cell @entity7 in a four years old @entity0 with preceding familiar history is reported. In her @entity7 father numerous basocellular, @entity3 , mandibular cysts, @entity4 , @entity5 ted and hiperkeratosis of the sole of the feet were described. Clinically, the @entity0 presented initial @entity11 together with macrocephalus, bossing forehead, @entity15 , @entity4 , retarded maturation, "keel" thorax, genu recurvatum, @entity13 , hammerfinger, pigmented @entity17 and @entity14 of the sole of the feet. Radiologically @entity16 of the skull suture with jagged image, endocranial @entity6 , signs of macrocephalus of the facial bones, @entity8 , @entity18 and fusion of the ribs was observed. The axial computed tomography showed calcification of the vermix cerebelosus and severe @entity9 suggesting the presence of an occupant mass. After total surgical removal of the mass, the histological examination revealed a @entity12 . The skin biopsy of a cutaneous nevic element showed a @entity10 . With the exception of an @entity2 and fusion of the vertebras non appreciable because of the age. With the exception of the @entity2 and the fusion of the vertebras, the @entity0 showed the same characteristics as those described in the classification of Gorlin. The importance of this paper communication lie on the preceding familiar history, infrequency, compromise of different systems, malignant tendency of the cutaneous lesions and frequent association with non cutaneous @entity1 .

title: [Basal cell @entity17 syndrome. Presentation of 2 cases. 1 associated with XXXX ].

answer: @entity12


abstract: The aim of this paper is to assess the health economic consequences of substituting @entity4 with the new, once-daily bronchodilator @entity2 in @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). This prospective cost-effectiveness analysis was performed alongside two 1-yr randomised, double-blind clinical trials in the Netherlands and Belgium. @entity0 had a diagnosis of @entity1 and a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) < or = 65% predicted normal. @entity0 were randomised to @entity2 (18 microg once daily) or @entity4 (2 puffs of 20 microg administered four times daily) in a ratio of 2:1. The mean number of exacerbations was reduced from 1.01 in the @entity4 group (n = 175) to 0.74 in the @entity2 group (n = 344). The percentages of @entity0 with a relevant improvement on the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were 34.6% and 51.2%, respectively. Compared to @entity4 , the number of hospital admissions, hospital days and unscheduled visits to healthcare providers was reduced by 46%, 42% and 36% respectively. Mean annual healthcare costs including the acquisition cost of the study drugs were 1721 @entity3 (SEM 160) in the @entity2 group and 1,541 @entity3 (SEM 163) in the @entity4 group (difference 180 @entity3 ). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were 667 @entity3 per exacerbation avoided and 1084 @entity3 per @entity0 with a relevant improvement on the SGRQ. Substituting @entity2 for @entity4 in @entity1 @entity0 offers improved health outcomes and is associated with increased costs of 180 @entity3 per @entity0 per year.

title: One-year cost-effectiveness of XXXX versus @entity4 to treat @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this paper is to assess the health economic consequences of substituting @entity4 with the new, once-daily bronchodilator @entity2 in @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). This prospective cost-effectiveness analysis was performed alongside two 1-yr randomised, double-blind clinical trials in the Netherlands and Belgium. @entity0 had a diagnosis of @entity1 and a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) < or = 65% predicted normal. @entity0 were randomised to @entity2 (18 microg once daily) or @entity4 (2 puffs of 20 microg administered four times daily) in a ratio of 2:1. The mean number of exacerbations was reduced from 1.01 in the @entity4 group (n = 175) to 0.74 in the @entity2 group (n = 344). The percentages of @entity0 with a relevant improvement on the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were 34.6% and 51.2%, respectively. Compared to @entity4 , the number of hospital admissions, hospital days and unscheduled visits to healthcare providers was reduced by 46%, 42% and 36% respectively. Mean annual healthcare costs including the acquisition cost of the study drugs were 1721 @entity3 (SEM 160) in the @entity2 group and 1,541 @entity3 (SEM 163) in the @entity4 group (difference 180 @entity3 ). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were 667 @entity3 per exacerbation avoided and 1084 @entity3 per @entity0 with a relevant improvement on the SGRQ. Substituting @entity2 for @entity4 in @entity1 @entity0 offers improved health outcomes and is associated with increased costs of 180 @entity3 per @entity0 per year.

title: One-year cost-effectiveness of @entity2 versus XXXX to treat @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The aim of this paper is to assess the health economic consequences of substituting @entity4 with the new, once-daily bronchodilator @entity2 in @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). This prospective cost-effectiveness analysis was performed alongside two 1-yr randomised, double-blind clinical trials in the Netherlands and Belgium. @entity0 had a diagnosis of @entity1 and a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) < or = 65% predicted normal. @entity0 were randomised to @entity2 (18 microg once daily) or @entity4 (2 puffs of 20 microg administered four times daily) in a ratio of 2:1. The mean number of exacerbations was reduced from 1.01 in the @entity4 group (n = 175) to 0.74 in the @entity2 group (n = 344). The percentages of @entity0 with a relevant improvement on the St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were 34.6% and 51.2%, respectively. Compared to @entity4 , the number of hospital admissions, hospital days and unscheduled visits to healthcare providers was reduced by 46%, 42% and 36% respectively. Mean annual healthcare costs including the acquisition cost of the study drugs were 1721 @entity3 (SEM 160) in the @entity2 group and 1,541 @entity3 (SEM 163) in the @entity4 group (difference 180 @entity3 ). Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were 667 @entity3 per exacerbation avoided and 1084 @entity3 per @entity0 with a relevant improvement on the SGRQ. Substituting @entity2 for @entity4 in @entity1 @entity0 offers improved health outcomes and is associated with increased costs of 180 @entity3 per @entity0 per year.

title: One-year cost-effectiveness of @entity2 versus @entity4 to treat XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our clinical impression derived from >95% follow-up of @entity0 was that our @entity5 rate was higher than the 1-10% reported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and risk factors for @entity5 in open bariatric surgery. METHODS: We queried our prospectively acquired bariatric surgery outcomes database, and retrospectively audited the charts of @entity0 operated from April 1 to March 31, 2003. Risk categories were obtained using the National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) definitions and stratification. Expected site-specific rates were adjusted for duration of operation, degree of wound contamination, and underlying disease condition. RESULTS: 269 @entity0 undergoing a standardized open Roux-en-Y gastric bypass were studied. The mean age (SD) was 39.5 (10.5) years and the mean BMI was 54.3 (9.9). Operating time averaged 63 (17) minutes, and length of stay was 4.1 (1.3) days. Based on NNIS categories 10.9 wound @entity2 were expected, but 54 were observed, for a rate of 20%. Bacterial isolates included @entity4 (39%), alpha-hemolytic strep (26%), Enterococcus (16%), @entity6 (9%), and multiple other bacteria at 10%. Epidural analgesia and delayed antibiotic prophylaxis administration (after the incision was made) increased the odds of developing a @entity5 , whereas gender, age, BMI, duration of surgery, and incidence of @entity1 had no effect. There was a high correlation between @entity5 and subsequent incisional @entity3 formation. CONCLUSION: The incidence of wound @entity2 following open bariatric surgery is high, and the current recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis are ineffective. As these @entity2 carry significant morbidity, effective methods to prevent them are needed.

title: Analysis of the incidence and risk factors for wound XXXX in open bariatric surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish @entity0 @entity2 multidrug-resistance cell line (HepG2/ADM) and to determine the effect of low-frequency pulse ultrasound (US) on MDR cells and investigate its mechanism. METHODS: Using gradual increase of @entity3 (ADM) concentrations in culture, an @entity3 -resistant @entity0 @entity2 cell sub line (HepG2/ADM) was established in vitro. HepG2/ADM cells were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group (HepG2/ADM only), the group ADM by 1.0 mug/ml @entity3 for 1 h, the group US by low-frequency pulse ultrasound for 10 min, and the group US by low-frequency pulse ultrasound and treated with @entity3 simultaneously at same time. A sonication at a frequency of 0.8 MHz, was delivered with an intensity level of 0.5W/cm2, with continuous exposure of 10 min was applied. The ability of US to induce the apoptosis of MDR was evaluated by analyses of fluorescence microscopy, DNA fragmentation assay and flow cytometry assay. RESULTS: HepG2/Adm was resistant to many anti- @entity1 agents, and its IC50 of ADM was 26 times higher than that of parent cell line HepG2. Significant over expressions of @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity5 and GSTs were detected. HepG2/ADM cells radiated by US had the typical characteristics of apoptosis. Compared with the control group (HepG2/ADM, 3.47%); the apoptosis rates were higher in US (12.23%). The therapeutic alliance of US with ADM for MDR cells, have a significant change in the ratio of apoptosis (18.81%, t=1.46 to 5.36, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: HepG2/ADM could have the biological characteristics of @entity0 multidrug-resistance cell line. The US sonication of 0.8 MHz could induce apoptosis of HepG2/ADM cell in vitro, and could act synergistically with @entity3 .

title: [Establishment of @entity0 XXXX multidrug-resistance cell line (HepG2/Adm) and study apoptosis induced by low-frequency pulse ultrasound exposure].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish @entity0 @entity2 multidrug-resistance cell line (HepG2/ADM) and to determine the effect of low-frequency pulse ultrasound (US) on MDR cells and investigate its mechanism. METHODS: Using gradual increase of @entity3 (ADM) concentrations in culture, an @entity3 -resistant @entity0 @entity2 cell sub line (HepG2/ADM) was established in vitro. HepG2/ADM cells were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into 4 groups: the control group (HepG2/ADM only), the group ADM by 1.0 mug/ml @entity3 for 1 h, the group US by low-frequency pulse ultrasound for 10 min, and the group US by low-frequency pulse ultrasound and treated with @entity3 simultaneously at same time. A sonication at a frequency of 0.8 MHz, was delivered with an intensity level of 0.5W/cm2, with continuous exposure of 10 min was applied. The ability of US to induce the apoptosis of MDR was evaluated by analyses of fluorescence microscopy, DNA fragmentation assay and flow cytometry assay. RESULTS: HepG2/Adm was resistant to many anti- @entity1 agents, and its IC50 of ADM was 26 times higher than that of parent cell line HepG2. Significant over expressions of @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity5 and GSTs were detected. HepG2/ADM cells radiated by US had the typical characteristics of apoptosis. Compared with the control group (HepG2/ADM, 3.47%); the apoptosis rates were higher in US (12.23%). The therapeutic alliance of US with ADM for MDR cells, have a significant change in the ratio of apoptosis (18.81%, t=1.46 to 5.36, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: HepG2/ADM could have the biological characteristics of @entity0 multidrug-resistance cell line. The US sonication of 0.8 MHz could induce apoptosis of HepG2/ADM cell in vitro, and could act synergistically with @entity3 .

title: [Establishment of XXXX @entity2 multidrug-resistance cell line (HepG2/Adm) and study apoptosis induced by low-frequency pulse ultrasound exposure].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a very common disorder. It is diagnosed by excluding other disorders, including psychopathology, and with use of a menstrual diary. Although the cause of @entity7 remains unknown, treatment is usually effective. For the majority of @entity0 , reassurance, dietary changes, and regular exercise are all that is necessary. If this is ineffective, @entity5 and, if indicated, @entity1 or @entity8 should be added to the regimen. If therapy still is not effective, a diuretic (preferably @entity3 [ @entity3 ]) or natural @entity2 should be added. This may also be done during the three to six months required for dietary therapy to achieve maximum effectiveness. Diuretics are less expensive, easier to use, and easier to obtain than natural @entity2 , which is not widely available. If oral contraceptives are desirable for the @entity0 , progestin-dominant pills may be tried instead of a diuretic or natural @entity2 . For those @entity0 whose symptoms are resistant to all of the aforementioned therapy, @entity6 ( @entity6 ) or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) can be added to the regimen; these drugs, however, should be prescribed only by practitioners experienced in their use.

title: XXXX . Tactics for intervention.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and characteristics of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) for noncompliance with treatment in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in Pontevedra. METHODS: We performed a descriptive analysis of @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity3 diagnosed between 1996 and 2002. A @entity0 was considered as having @entity3 if he or she was socially isolated ( @entity2 , intravenous drug use, prison inmate, @entity3 ) or was an immigrant. The prevalence, annual trend of @entity3 and @entity0 outcomes were calculated. The influence of direct observation of treatment administration on the outcome of @entity0 with @entity3 was also analyzed. RESULTS: Of 775 @entity0 with @entity1 , 156 (20.1%) had at least one @entity3 . Eighty-six @entity0 were alcoholic, 41 were intravenous drug users, 24 were immigrants, 11 were homeless, 11 showed @entity3 and 10 were prison inmates. The presence of @entity3 among @entity1 @entity0 showed no tendency to increase or decrease during the study period, except for the increasing number of immigrants (chi 2 for lineal tendency = 12.24; p = 0.005). Final outcomes were significantly better in @entity0 without @entity3 (90.4 vs 70.8% of satisfactory final outcomes; p < 0.001). Direct observation of treatment did not increase satisfactory outcomes in @entity0 with @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity3 have a significantly higher proportion of unsatisfactory final outcomes. The presence of @entity3 is relatively low in our environment. The number of immigrants from countries with a high prevalence of @entity1 shows an incipient tendency to increase. This finding should be taken into account to achieve better control of the disease.

title: [Social risk factors for noncompliance with XXXX treatment in Pontevedra [Spain]].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The symptomatic effect of @entity2 was examined in 27 @entity0 with non- @entity1 (NUD) by means of a multi-cross-over model (MCO model) for testing the symptomatic effect of drugs in individual @entity0 . None of the @entity0 showed an @entity1 at the time, but 20 @entity0 had evidence of previous @entity3 . The variant of the MCO model used included six treatment periods and three regular interchanges between @entity2 and placebo. Treatment periods lasted 2 or 4 days. The individual results were evaluated on the basis of the number of times (X score) @entity2 was associated with less symptoms than the preceding or following placebo. In general, @entity2 was associated with significantly (p less than 0.02) less symptoms than placebo. The X-score distribution was therefore skew in favour of high scores. Five @entity0 showed the maximal X score of 5. The chance of getting an X score of 5 when @entity2 is not better than placebo is about 9%. Accordingly, the risk of being wrong when defining these five @entity0 as @entity2 responders is 9%. The present study confirms that the MCO model may identify individual @entity2 responders among @entity0 with NUD.

title: The effect of @entity2 in non- XXXX . Experience with a multi-cross-over model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The symptomatic effect of @entity2 was examined in 27 @entity0 with non- @entity1 (NUD) by means of a multi-cross-over model (MCO model) for testing the symptomatic effect of drugs in individual @entity0 . None of the @entity0 showed an @entity1 at the time, but 20 @entity0 had evidence of previous @entity3 . The variant of the MCO model used included six treatment periods and three regular interchanges between @entity2 and placebo. Treatment periods lasted 2 or 4 days. The individual results were evaluated on the basis of the number of times (X score) @entity2 was associated with less symptoms than the preceding or following placebo. In general, @entity2 was associated with significantly (p less than 0.02) less symptoms than placebo. The X-score distribution was therefore skew in favour of high scores. Five @entity0 showed the maximal X score of 5. The chance of getting an X score of 5 when @entity2 is not better than placebo is about 9%. Accordingly, the risk of being wrong when defining these five @entity0 as @entity2 responders is 9%. The present study confirms that the MCO model may identify individual @entity2 responders among @entity0 with NUD.

title: The effect of XXXX in non- @entity1 . Experience with a multi-cross-over model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The most effective treatment for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) invading into the larynx and @entity6 is a complete surgical resection of the @entity1 , but currently employed techniques are less than ideal. We report a novel surgical technique, which we named Windmill resection and Tetris reconstruction, for @entity0 with @entity4 invading into the laryngeal lumen. We treated eight cases of @entity4 with invasion into the laryngeal lumen by Windmill resection and Tetris reconstruction. We analyzed complications, clinical data, and pathological findings for all @entity0 . @entity0 included one @entity0 and seven @entity0 (mean age 69        10  years). Histopathology of @entity4 indicated @entity1 in five @entity0 , poorly differentiated @entity1 in one @entity0 , @entity1 in one @entity0 , and @entity8 in one @entity0 . Unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy was confirmed preoperatively by laryngoscope in four @entity0 , and none had @entity12 . All @entity0 underwent Windmill resection and Tetris reconstruction along with total thyroidectomy (three @entity0 ), subtotal thyroidectomy (three @entity0 ), and lobectomy (two @entity0 ). Neck dissection was performed in all @entity0 . The average resected length of the larynx and @entity6 was 29        6  mm. Air leakage at the suture line occurred in three @entity0 ; two required further surgery, while the third was closed by insertion of a Penrose drain. @entity3 occurred in five @entity0 . Aspiration was observed in two @entity0 and resolved within 4  weeks. @entity2 , @entity7 , and @entity9 occurred in some @entity0 . No other complications, including @entity5 , @entity10 , or airway stenosis, occurred. There was no postoperative mortality and no recurrence at the anastomotic site. Two @entity0 underwent permanent tracheostomy due to permanent @entity12 . Two @entity0 , one with @entity1 and the other with poorly differentiated @entity1 , recurred 13 and 21  months after surgery, while @entity0 with @entity11 had no local recurrence. Importantly, laryngeal functions such as phonation and swallowing were preserved in all @entity0 . This novel surgical technique may be as effective as window resection of the larynx for local control of @entity4 and contributes to the quality of life of @entity0 by resulting in a less unsightly surgical wound.

title: A Novel Surgical Technique for XXXX with Intra-Cricotracheal Invasion: Windmill Resection and Tetris Reconstruction.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In the fifty years since Ogden @entity7 , more than 100 additional @entity2 have been described. These disorders may involve one or more components of the immune system, including T, B, and NK lymphocytes; phagocytic cells; and complement proteins. Most are recessive traits, some of which are caused by mutations in genes on the X chromosome, others in genes on autosomal chromosomes. Until the past decade, there was little insight into the fundamental problems underlying a majority of these conditions. Many of the primary @entity5 have now been mapped to specific chromosomal locations, and the fundamental biologic errors have been identified in more than 3 dozen. Within the past decade the molecular bases of 7 X-linked @entity5 have been reported: X-linked immunodeficiency with Hyper IgM, @entity3 , @entity7 , X-linked severe @entity2 , the @entity8 , nuclear factor kappaB essential modulator ( @entity6 or @entity6 ), and the @entity10 . The abnormal genes in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity9 had been identified several years earlier. In addition, there are now many @entity0 for which the molecular bases have been discovered. These new advances will be reviewed, with particular emphasis on the @entity1 of some of these diseases. In some cases there are unique features of @entity1 in specific defects. Infections obviously account for most of these complications, but the host reaction to infection often leads to characteristic findings that can be helpful diagnostically. Finally, advances in treatment of the underlying diseases as well as their infectious complications will be covered.

title: @entity1 of primary XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the fifty years since Ogden @entity7 , more than 100 additional @entity2 have been described. These disorders may involve one or more components of the immune system, including T, B, and NK lymphocytes; phagocytic cells; and complement proteins. Most are recessive traits, some of which are caused by mutations in genes on the X chromosome, others in genes on autosomal chromosomes. Until the past decade, there was little insight into the fundamental problems underlying a majority of these conditions. Many of the primary @entity5 have now been mapped to specific chromosomal locations, and the fundamental biologic errors have been identified in more than 3 dozen. Within the past decade the molecular bases of 7 X-linked @entity5 have been reported: X-linked immunodeficiency with Hyper IgM, @entity3 , @entity7 , X-linked severe @entity2 , the @entity8 , nuclear factor kappaB essential modulator ( @entity6 or @entity6 ), and the @entity10 . The abnormal genes in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity9 had been identified several years earlier. In addition, there are now many @entity0 for which the molecular bases have been discovered. These new advances will be reviewed, with particular emphasis on the @entity1 of some of these diseases. In some cases there are unique features of @entity1 in specific defects. Infections obviously account for most of these complications, but the host reaction to infection often leads to characteristic findings that can be helpful diagnostically. Finally, advances in treatment of the underlying diseases as well as their infectious complications will be covered.

title: XXXX of primary @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Despite advances in speciality care, mortality and morbidity remain the most important issues in the management of post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries. We analysed the peri-operative management of post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries to assess their outcomes. Of 150 @entity0 with post-cholecystectomy bile duct injuries, 13 @entity0 who presented with strictured hepaticojejunostomy were excluded from the analysis. The records of the remaining 137 @entity0 were analysed for type of presentation, management and follow-up. Of 137 injuries, 88 were open and 49 were laparoscopic. Various presentations include acute @entity6 (n   =   5), bile collection (n   =   45), external @entity7 (n   =   46) and stricture (n   =   41). After initial management, three @entity0 died ( @entity3 , n   =   2; @entity5 , n   =   1). Of 107 @entity0 who underwent definitive repair, three died (portal @entity2 , n   =   2; @entity3 , n   =   1). At median follow-up of 30  months, 100 @entity0 had good outcome (grade A, B), and only 4 had bad outcome (grade C, D) as per McDonald grading. @entity4 and @entity3 in the early phase and portal @entity2 and @entity1 in the late phase are the main causes of mortality in @entity0 sustaining @entity6 during cholecystectomy. Successful management in a specialist hepatobiliary centre can limit the morbidity in more than 90  % cases.

title: XXXX to Repair: an Analysis of Management and Outcome.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The World Health Organization's 2004 Global Burden of Disease report indicated 3.6 million years of productive, healthy life is lost worldwide as a result of @entity1 . Approximately 30-35% of @entity0 meet diagnostic criteria for @entity1 characterized by impairment resulting from problems of falling and staying asleep. AIMS: To evaluate the effect of Tagara (Valeriana wallichii DC.) and Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi DC.) in the management of Anidra. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 34 @entity0 were selected fulfilling the criteria for inclusion for @entity1 were randomly selected from Out @entity0 Department and In @entity0 Department of Manasa Roga and assigned into two groups, wherein 30 @entity0 completed the study (15 in each). Tagara Churna (powder of V. wallichii) and Jatamansi Churna (powder of N. jatamansi) in the dose of 4 gm with milk was administered three times a day for a period of 1 month. RESULTS: Tagara provided significant improvement in @entity1 (76.00%; P < 0.001), duration of sleep (55.17%; P < 0.001), disturbed sleep (69.58%; P < 0.001), and disturbances in routine work (73.95%; P < 0.001). Jatamansi provided improvement in @entity1 (61.34%; P < 0.001), duration of sleep (48.25%; P < 0.001), disturbed sleep (53.08%; P < 0.001), and disturbance in routine works (43.85%; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Both the groups showed good results, but Tagara group showed better results in comparison to Jatamansi group.

title: A comparative clinical study on the effect of Tagara (Valeriana wallichii DC.) and Jatamansi (Nardostachys jatamansi DC.) in the management of Anidra ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity1