abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical differential diagnosis between uterine @entity2 and @entity4 is difficult even with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, a considerable number of @entity0 have undergone hysterectomies due to an indication of "suspected @entity1 " based on @entity1 size alone. However, approximately 80% of these hysterectomies have been judged to have been recommended inappropriately. In such situations, reliable preoperative diagnostic tests are required. The authors have evaluated the accuracy of needle biopsy for @entity1 , a procedure that to the authors' knowledge has been performed infrequently. METHODS: Transcervical needle biopsy was performed in 435 @entity0 with @entity1 . The biopsy specimens were scored for degree of @entity1 according to the histopathologic criteria proposed by Bell et al. Histopathologic evaluation of surgical specimens and clinical outcome after 2 years of follow-up were used as the reference standards. RESULTS: Of 435 @entity0 , 7 had uterine @entity2 , 4 of which were scored as > or = 4 points and were diagnosed as " @entity2 " by needle biopsy alone. No @entity2 cases were included in the group of @entity0 with a score of 0. The cutoff score combining the highest sensitivity and specificity with respect to distinguishing @entity3 from uterine @entity4 was 2; sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 100%, 98.6%, 58%, and 100.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Transcervical needle biopsy using histopathologic scoring is a reliable diagnostic test for the differential diagnosis between uterine @entity2 and @entity4 . This diagnostic method, combined with MRI screening, could reduce the number of @entity0 currently undergoing unnecessary surgery.

title: Transcervical needle biopsy for the differential diagnosis between uterine @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical differential diagnosis between uterine @entity2 and @entity4 is difficult even with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Therefore, a considerable number of @entity0 have undergone hysterectomies due to an indication of "suspected @entity1 " based on @entity1 size alone. However, approximately 80% of these hysterectomies have been judged to have been recommended inappropriately. In such situations, reliable preoperative diagnostic tests are required. The authors have evaluated the accuracy of needle biopsy for @entity1 , a procedure that to the authors' knowledge has been performed infrequently. METHODS: Transcervical needle biopsy was performed in 435 @entity0 with @entity1 . The biopsy specimens were scored for degree of @entity1 according to the histopathologic criteria proposed by Bell et al. Histopathologic evaluation of surgical specimens and clinical outcome after 2 years of follow-up were used as the reference standards. RESULTS: Of 435 @entity0 , 7 had uterine @entity2 , 4 of which were scored as > or = 4 points and were diagnosed as " @entity2 " by needle biopsy alone. No @entity2 cases were included in the group of @entity0 with a score of 0. The cutoff score combining the highest sensitivity and specificity with respect to distinguishing @entity3 from uterine @entity4 was 2; sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 100%, 98.6%, 58%, and 100.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Transcervical needle biopsy using histopathologic scoring is a reliable diagnostic test for the differential diagnosis between uterine @entity2 and @entity4 . This diagnostic method, combined with MRI screening, could reduce the number of @entity0 currently undergoing unnecessary surgery.

title: Transcervical needle biopsy for the differential diagnosis between uterine XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: An increasing number of studies indicates that the strength and even direction of association between @entity0 and established risk factors differ according to the @entity1 's age when she develops the disease. This was studied in the setting of a population based @entity2 registry using a databank with information on age at menarche, parity, age at first birth, oral contraceptive (OC) use, lactation, height and weight. From a cohort of 80.219 @entity1 attending population-based cervical and @entity0 screening in Iceland, 1120 cases were identified, aged 26-90 years at diagnosis and 10,537 controls, individually matched to the cases on birth year and age when attending. Information given at last visit before diagnosis was used in the analysis, applying conditional logistic regression. Odds ratios and statistical strength of relationships varied according to age at diagnosis for age at first birth, number of births, duration of lactation, height and weight. The decreased risk associated with young age at first birth and increasing duration of breast feeding became less pronounced with advancing age at diagnosis. A reduced risk associated with an increasing number of births was not detected in @entity1 diagnosed under the age of 40. An increased risk associated with giving first birth after 30 years of age was mainly detected in @entity1 who had only given 1 birth and were diagnosed under the age of 40 (OR = 7.06 95% CI = 2.16-23.01). A positive association with height and especially with weight was confined to @entity1 diagnosed after the age of 55. The results confirm that age at diagnosis should be taken into account when studying the effects of @entity0 risk factors.

title: XXXX risk factors and age at diagnosis: an Icelandic cohort study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: There is increasing evidence that food-derived @entity10 have a beneficial effect for @entity1 . Our purpose was to determine the effect and mechanism of action of these compounds on @entity5 . We measured effects of @entity7 on @entity5 in a nude @entity2 model. We also investigated the effects of @entity7 , @entity11 , @entity9 and @entity4 on apoptosis and underlying signaling in @entity8 cells in vitro. @entity7 decreased primary @entity1 growth, increased apoptosis and prevented @entity0 in a model of @entity5 . In vitro @entity7 and @entity9 , but not @entity11 , markedly enhanced apoptosis, causing mitochondrial depolarization and cytochrome c release followed by @entity3 activation. In addition, the effect of a combination of @entity7 and @entity9 on mitochondrial cytochrome c release and @entity3 activity was greater than the expected additive response. The inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition prevented cytochrome c release, @entity3 activation and apoptosis caused by @entity10 . Nuclear factor-kappa B activity was inhibited by @entity7 and @entity9 , but not @entity4 , indicating that this transcription factor is not the only mediator of the @entity10 ' effects on apoptosis. The results suggest that food-derived @entity10 inhibit @entity5 growth and prevent @entity0 by inducing @entity6 , resulting in cytochrome c release, caspase activation and apoptosis.

title: Food-derived @entity10 inhibit XXXX growth through mitochondrial cytochrome C release and apoptosis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: There is increasing evidence that food-derived @entity10 have a beneficial effect for @entity1 . Our purpose was to determine the effect and mechanism of action of these compounds on @entity5 . We measured effects of @entity7 on @entity5 in a nude @entity2 model. We also investigated the effects of @entity7 , @entity11 , @entity9 and @entity4 on apoptosis and underlying signaling in @entity8 cells in vitro. @entity7 decreased primary @entity1 growth, increased apoptosis and prevented @entity0 in a model of @entity5 . In vitro @entity7 and @entity9 , but not @entity11 , markedly enhanced apoptosis, causing mitochondrial depolarization and cytochrome c release followed by @entity3 activation. In addition, the effect of a combination of @entity7 and @entity9 on mitochondrial cytochrome c release and @entity3 activity was greater than the expected additive response. The inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition prevented cytochrome c release, @entity3 activation and apoptosis caused by @entity10 . Nuclear factor-kappa B activity was inhibited by @entity7 and @entity9 , but not @entity4 , indicating that this transcription factor is not the only mediator of the @entity10 ' effects on apoptosis. The results suggest that food-derived @entity10 inhibit @entity5 growth and prevent @entity0 by inducing @entity6 , resulting in cytochrome c release, caspase activation and apoptosis.

title: Food-derived XXXX inhibit @entity5 growth through mitochondrial cytochrome C release and apoptosis.

answer: @entity10


abstract: Over-expression of @entity4 is associated with shortened survival of @entity0 with @entity5 . We demonstrated that @entity0 lung epithelial cells, overexpressing @entity4 , formed @entity1 in @entity2 only when high levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-alpha were produced (E6T cells). To define the role that @entity6 production played in induction of tumorigenicity, a non-tumorigenic @entity6 -negative clone of @entity4 overexpressing cells (E2 cells) was transfected with an expression vector for @entity6 (E2alpha cells). Transfected clones produced @entity6 at 11-25% of the level produced by the E6T cell line. Tumorigenic E6T cells transfected with a @entity6 antisense vector (E6TA cells) expressed only 6% of the @entity6 level of the parental cells. Clones of @entity7 , E6TA, E2 and E2alpha were inoculated into athymic @entity2 to measure tumorigenic potential. E6T cells formed @entity1 with a 70% efficiency. E2, E6TA and E2alpha cells failed to form @entity1 . The levels of @entity3 were similar in non-tumorigenic E2 and tumorigenic E6T cells but higher in E2alpha and E6TA cells, and @entity4 were greatly overexpressed in an E2alpha clone. In vitro, @entity4 co-immunoprecipitated with @entity3 in lysates of unstimulated @entity7 and E2alpha @entity6 -producing cells, indicating that the lower @entity6 levels were sufficient to induce in vitro heterodimerization. These studies suggest that induction of the tumorigenic phenotype depends on achieving a threshold level of @entity6 sufficient to activate downstream signalling by @entity4 containing active heterodimers.

title: The role of transforming growth factor alpha production and XXXX overexpression in induction of tumorigenicity of lung epithelial cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 (CsA) was introduced in recent years for the treatment of @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity1 resistance or in those with severe corticosteroid @entity2 . Our previous study on paediatric @entity0 showed that Neoral (a new microemulsion formulation) had better bioavailability than @entity7 capsules. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Neoral in @entity0 with @entity8 compared with conventional therapy, we performed an open randomized study on 40 @entity0 , ranging from 9 to 14 yr old, with class III-V @entity8 and heavy @entity5 . They were randomly assigned to either Neoral (5 mg/kg/day), administered q.12.h, or @entity4 (2 mg/kg/day) plus @entity6 (2 mg/kg/day) for 1 yr. Both groups showed a significant decrease in @entity5 (Neoral: 4.62 +/- 1.93 to 0.35 +/- 0.29 g/day, P < 0.05; @entity4 plus @entity6 : 4.52 +/- 1.86 to 0.62 +/- 0.21 g/day, P < 0.01). The CH50 haemolytic assay titre decreased after 1 yr of Neoral treatment (26.5 +/- 0.9 to 21.4 +/- 2.2 U/ml, P < 0.05). Serum C3 and anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibody levels also fell with Neoral (C3: 86.2 +/- 6.8 to 76.3 +/- 4.5 mg/dl; anti-ds DNA antibodies: 14.1 +/- 3.2 to 8.2 +/- 1.4 IU/ml, P < 0.05). The Neoral group had a significant increase in growth rate over the @entity4 plus @entity6 group (8.2 +/- 1.1 cm/yr vs 2.7 +/- 0.6 cm/yr, P < 0.01) with improvement of growth status. During the study period, @entity0 tolerated Neoral well with no significant changes in renal function, liver function or lipid profile. Our study implies that Neoral appears to be effective in suppressing @entity5 . Neoral should be regarded as being adjunctive therapy, perhaps with a @entity1 -sparing effect, in paediatric @entity8 . However, its long-term use awaits further studies.

title: Clinical efficacy of XXXX a neoral in the treatment of paediatric @entity8 with heavy @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 (CsA) was introduced in recent years for the treatment of @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity1 resistance or in those with severe corticosteroid @entity2 . Our previous study on paediatric @entity0 showed that Neoral (a new microemulsion formulation) had better bioavailability than @entity7 capsules. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Neoral in @entity0 with @entity8 compared with conventional therapy, we performed an open randomized study on 40 @entity0 , ranging from 9 to 14 yr old, with class III-V @entity8 and heavy @entity5 . They were randomly assigned to either Neoral (5 mg/kg/day), administered q.12.h, or @entity4 (2 mg/kg/day) plus @entity6 (2 mg/kg/day) for 1 yr. Both groups showed a significant decrease in @entity5 (Neoral: 4.62 +/- 1.93 to 0.35 +/- 0.29 g/day, P < 0.05; @entity4 plus @entity6 : 4.52 +/- 1.86 to 0.62 +/- 0.21 g/day, P < 0.01). The CH50 haemolytic assay titre decreased after 1 yr of Neoral treatment (26.5 +/- 0.9 to 21.4 +/- 2.2 U/ml, P < 0.05). Serum C3 and anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibody levels also fell with Neoral (C3: 86.2 +/- 6.8 to 76.3 +/- 4.5 mg/dl; anti-ds DNA antibodies: 14.1 +/- 3.2 to 8.2 +/- 1.4 IU/ml, P < 0.05). The Neoral group had a significant increase in growth rate over the @entity4 plus @entity6 group (8.2 +/- 1.1 cm/yr vs 2.7 +/- 0.6 cm/yr, P < 0.01) with improvement of growth status. During the study period, @entity0 tolerated Neoral well with no significant changes in renal function, liver function or lipid profile. Our study implies that Neoral appears to be effective in suppressing @entity5 . Neoral should be regarded as being adjunctive therapy, perhaps with a @entity1 -sparing effect, in paediatric @entity8 . However, its long-term use awaits further studies.

title: Clinical efficacy of @entity3 a neoral in the treatment of paediatric XXXX with heavy @entity5 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity3 (CsA) was introduced in recent years for the treatment of @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity1 resistance or in those with severe corticosteroid @entity2 . Our previous study on paediatric @entity0 showed that Neoral (a new microemulsion formulation) had better bioavailability than @entity7 capsules. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Neoral in @entity0 with @entity8 compared with conventional therapy, we performed an open randomized study on 40 @entity0 , ranging from 9 to 14 yr old, with class III-V @entity8 and heavy @entity5 . They were randomly assigned to either Neoral (5 mg/kg/day), administered q.12.h, or @entity4 (2 mg/kg/day) plus @entity6 (2 mg/kg/day) for 1 yr. Both groups showed a significant decrease in @entity5 (Neoral: 4.62 +/- 1.93 to 0.35 +/- 0.29 g/day, P < 0.05; @entity4 plus @entity6 : 4.52 +/- 1.86 to 0.62 +/- 0.21 g/day, P < 0.01). The CH50 haemolytic assay titre decreased after 1 yr of Neoral treatment (26.5 +/- 0.9 to 21.4 +/- 2.2 U/ml, P < 0.05). Serum C3 and anti-double-stranded (ds) DNA antibody levels also fell with Neoral (C3: 86.2 +/- 6.8 to 76.3 +/- 4.5 mg/dl; anti-ds DNA antibodies: 14.1 +/- 3.2 to 8.2 +/- 1.4 IU/ml, P < 0.05). The Neoral group had a significant increase in growth rate over the @entity4 plus @entity6 group (8.2 +/- 1.1 cm/yr vs 2.7 +/- 0.6 cm/yr, P < 0.01) with improvement of growth status. During the study period, @entity0 tolerated Neoral well with no significant changes in renal function, liver function or lipid profile. Our study implies that Neoral appears to be effective in suppressing @entity5 . Neoral should be regarded as being adjunctive therapy, perhaps with a @entity1 -sparing effect, in paediatric @entity8 . However, its long-term use awaits further studies.

title: Clinical efficacy of @entity3 a neoral in the treatment of paediatric @entity8 with heavy XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: MR angiography (MRA) provides a mechanism for non-invasively studying blood flow, thus providing a new opportunity to study the intracranial circulation in asymptomatic @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 . Although conventional angiography is the gold standard for the depiction of vascular anatomy, this is too invasive for an asymptomatic population. OBJECTIVE: To establish the range of appearances in asymptomatic @entity3 @entity0 and to correlate brain MRI results (either sub-clinical @entity1 ) with the MRA findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Brain MRI and MRA of the intracranial circulation was performed on 22 @entity0 (13 male and 9 female, median age 7.5 years, range 1.3-20 years). Fourteen were homozygous SS and eight were SC. The median haematocrit at the time of MRI was 25.9 (range 13.8-33.3). RESULTS: On MR imaging, four @entity0 had @entity2 in eight vascular territories (six anterior and two posterior). In 3/4 of anterior vascular territories with @entity2 , long ( >/= 6 mm) segments of abnormal signal were seen at the internal carotid artery bifurcation with associated reduced distal flow. Short focal areas of abnormal signal were commonly seen where vessels branched, bifurcated or curved and were not associated with @entity2 . These areas probably represent turbulence-related dephasing secondary to high velocity flow found in @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Long segments ( >/= 6 mm) of abnormal signal with reduced distal flow correlated with sub-clinical @entity2 .

title: MRA of the intracranial circulation in asymptomatic @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: MR angiography (MRA) provides a mechanism for non-invasively studying blood flow, thus providing a new opportunity to study the intracranial circulation in asymptomatic @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 . Although conventional angiography is the gold standard for the depiction of vascular anatomy, this is too invasive for an asymptomatic population. OBJECTIVE: To establish the range of appearances in asymptomatic @entity3 @entity0 and to correlate brain MRI results (either sub-clinical @entity1 ) with the MRA findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Brain MRI and MRA of the intracranial circulation was performed on 22 @entity0 (13 male and 9 female, median age 7.5 years, range 1.3-20 years). Fourteen were homozygous SS and eight were SC. The median haematocrit at the time of MRI was 25.9 (range 13.8-33.3). RESULTS: On MR imaging, four @entity0 had @entity2 in eight vascular territories (six anterior and two posterior). In 3/4 of anterior vascular territories with @entity2 , long ( >/= 6 mm) segments of abnormal signal were seen at the internal carotid artery bifurcation with associated reduced distal flow. Short focal areas of abnormal signal were commonly seen where vessels branched, bifurcated or curved and were not associated with @entity2 . These areas probably represent turbulence-related dephasing secondary to high velocity flow found in @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Long segments ( >/= 6 mm) of abnormal signal with reduced distal flow correlated with sub-clinical @entity2 .

title: MRA of the intracranial circulation in asymptomatic XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: Firearm-related @entity1 rank second only to motor vehicle-related @entity1 as a cause of @entity2 in Wisconsin. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the attributes of the Wisconsin Firearm-Related @entity3 . DESIGN: A structured surveillance system evaluation using predetermined criteria. SETTING: A passive surveillance system linking administrative data from existing state-funded inpatient hospitalization and mortality databases. @entity0 : State health department. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Attributes assessed included simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, sensitivity, predictive value positive, representativeness, timeliness, resources, and data quality. RESULTS: The use of two existing state databases simplifies data acquisition and linkage. However, hospital discharge and vital records databases are not sufficiently flexible to collect perpetrator and circumstance information. Acceptability is high because of state-mandated reporting to both databases. For firearm-related @entity1 requiring hospitalization, the system's predictive value positive is 97% when E codes are compared with data from chart reviews. The system is considered timely because annual data from the hospital discharge and vital records systems can be obtained, linked, analyzed, and reported by September of the subsequent year. The system is sustainable largely because existing software is used for annual evaluations, which requires less than 2 weeks of staff time. CONCLUSIONS: With minimal resources and time, the Wisconsin Firearm-Related @entity3 uses existing state government databases to describe and report the burden of firearm-related @entity1 . Additional information on circumstances, perpetrators, and weapons involved are available but additional resources are needed to integrate this information with existing data.

title: The Wisconsin Firearm-Related XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The experience and the technique of cholecystectomy from mini-approach with elements of open laparascopic technique (MSE) in 102 @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity3 is descubed. In 99 cases the operation was carried out for chronic @entity3 , in 3 cases--for acute @entity3 . The @entity0 were aged from 23 to 76 years (mean age 59.3 +/- 3.4 years). The average length of the incision in performing MSE made up 4.1 +/- 0.3 cm. Mean duration of the operation 42.4 +/- 5.3 min. In 5 cases (4.9%) intraoperative cholangiography was performed. The possibility to avoid the use of narcotic analgetics in postoperative period in @entity0 who underwent MSE is demonstrated. Postoperative period made up 3.8 days. Social and cost-effect aspects of different modes of surgical treatment of @entity0 with @entity5 are considered. The study of quality of life index makes it possible to come to conclusion about quicker return of the @entity0 who underwent MSE to their habitual social and intellectual activities, practically complete absence of the influence of negative factors of conventional treatment ( @entity2 , dyspepsial, @entity1 ) higher appreciation of their health conditions, well being, which manifests in higher quality of life in operated @entity0 .

title: [Cholecystectomy from mini-approach with the elements of open laparoscopic technique in surgical treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled @entity5 (FP) is a relatively new inhaled corticosteroid for the treatment of @entity3 . OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess efficacy and safety outcomes in studies that compared FP to placebo for treatment of @entity1 . 2. To explore the presence of a dose-response effect. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Trial Register (1999), reference lists of articles, contacted trialists and searched abstracts of major respiratory society meetings (1997-1999). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials in @entity0 and adults comparing FP to placebo in the treatment of @entity1 . Two reviewers independently assessed articles for inclusion and methodological quality. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: One reviewer extracted data. Quantitative analyses where undertaken using Review Manager 4.0.3 with MetaView 3.1. MAIN RESULTS: 28 studies were selected for inclusion (5788 subjects). Methodological quality was high. In non-oral @entity2 treated asthmatics with mild-moderate disease FP produced improvements from baseline compared to placebo: FEV1 Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) 0.31 litres (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27 to 0.36 litres); morning PEF WMD 29 /min (95% CI 24 to 33 L/min); symptom scores Standardised Mean Difference (SMD) 0.59 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.71); reduction in rescue @entity4 agonist use WMD 1.1 puffs/d (95% CI 0.9 to 1.4). Similar effects were seen for all doses up to 1000 mcg/d. A shallow dose response effect was apparent: eg change in morning PEF with FP 1000 mcg/d WMD 49 L/min (95% CI 41 to 58 L/min). High dose FP reduced the number of @entity0 dependent on prednisolone: FP 1000-1500 mcg/d Peto Odds Ratio 0.07 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.10). FP at all doses led to a greater likelihood of sore throat, hoarseness and @entity6 . REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Doses of FP in the range 100-1000 mcg/d are effective. Although there appears to be a dose-response effect, in most @entity0 with mild-moderate @entity3 improvements with low dose FP are only a little less than those with high doses. High dose FP appears to have worthwhile oral-corticosteroid reducing properties. FP use is accompanied by an increased likelihood of oropharyngeal side effects and this appears to be dose dependent.

title: Inhaled XXXX for @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhaled @entity5 (FP) is a relatively new inhaled corticosteroid for the treatment of @entity3 . OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess efficacy and safety outcomes in studies that compared FP to placebo for treatment of @entity1 . 2. To explore the presence of a dose-response effect. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Trial Register (1999), reference lists of articles, contacted trialists and searched abstracts of major respiratory society meetings (1997-1999). SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised trials in @entity0 and adults comparing FP to placebo in the treatment of @entity1 . Two reviewers independently assessed articles for inclusion and methodological quality. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: One reviewer extracted data. Quantitative analyses where undertaken using Review Manager 4.0.3 with MetaView 3.1. MAIN RESULTS: 28 studies were selected for inclusion (5788 subjects). Methodological quality was high. In non-oral @entity2 treated asthmatics with mild-moderate disease FP produced improvements from baseline compared to placebo: FEV1 Weighted Mean Difference (WMD) 0.31 litres (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.27 to 0.36 litres); morning PEF WMD 29 /min (95% CI 24 to 33 L/min); symptom scores Standardised Mean Difference (SMD) 0.59 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.71); reduction in rescue @entity4 agonist use WMD 1.1 puffs/d (95% CI 0.9 to 1.4). Similar effects were seen for all doses up to 1000 mcg/d. A shallow dose response effect was apparent: eg change in morning PEF with FP 1000 mcg/d WMD 49 L/min (95% CI 41 to 58 L/min). High dose FP reduced the number of @entity0 dependent on prednisolone: FP 1000-1500 mcg/d Peto Odds Ratio 0.07 (95% CI 0.05 to 0.10). FP at all doses led to a greater likelihood of sore throat, hoarseness and @entity6 . REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Doses of FP in the range 100-1000 mcg/d are effective. Although there appears to be a dose-response effect, in most @entity0 with mild-moderate @entity3 improvements with low dose FP are only a little less than those with high doses. High dose FP appears to have worthwhile oral-corticosteroid reducing properties. FP use is accompanied by an increased likelihood of oropharyngeal side effects and this appears to be dose dependent.

title: Inhaled @entity5 for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity1 are at increased risk from @entity2 . Dietary fish oils are known to reduce @entity4 levels, but their impact on @entity3 levels, glycemic control and vascular outcomes are not well known. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of fish oil supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes, @entity3 levels and glycemic control in @entity0 with @entity1 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We carried out a comprehensive search of the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, Embase, Lilacs, bibliographies of relevant papers and contacted experts for identifying additional trials. Date of last search: September 2000. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomized placebo-controlled trials in which fish oil supplementation was the only intervention in @entity0 with type 2 @entity1 were included. Authors were contacted for missing information. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three investigators performed data extraction and quality scoring independently with discrepancies resolved by consensus. MAIN RESULTS: Eighteen trials including 823 @entity0 followed for a mean of 12 weeks were included. Doses of fish oil used ranged from 3 to 18 g/day. No trials with vascular event or mortality endpoints were identified. The outcomes studied were glycemic control and lipid levels. Meta-analysis of pooled data demonstrated a statistically significant effect of fish oil in lowering @entity6 by 0.56 mmol/l (95% CI -0.71 to -0.40 mmol/l) and raising LDL @entity3 by 0.21 mmol/l (95% CI 0.02 to 0.41 mmol/l). No statistically significant effect was observed for fasting @entity5 , HbA1c, total or HDL @entity3 . The @entity4 lowering effect and the elevation in LDL @entity3 were most marked in those trials that recruited @entity0 with @entity7 and used higher doses of fish oil. No adverse effects of the intervention were reported. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Fish oil supplementation in type 2 @entity1 lowers @entity6 , may raise LDL @entity3 (especially in @entity8 @entity0 on higher doses of fish oil) and has no statistically significant effect on glycemic control. Trials with vascular event or mortality defined endpoints are needed.

title: Fish oil in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity1 are at increased risk from @entity2 . Dietary fish oils are known to reduce @entity4 levels, but their impact on @entity3 levels, glycemic control and vascular outcomes are not well known. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of fish oil supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes, @entity3 levels and glycemic control in @entity0 with @entity1 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We carried out a comprehensive search of the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline, Embase, Lilacs, bibliographies of relevant papers and contacted experts for identifying additional trials. Date of last search: September 2000. SELECTION CRITERIA: All randomized placebo-controlled trials in which fish oil supplementation was the only intervention in @entity0 with type 2 @entity1 were included. Authors were contacted for missing information. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Three investigators performed data extraction and quality scoring independently with discrepancies resolved by consensus. MAIN RESULTS: Eighteen trials including 823 @entity0 followed for a mean of 12 weeks were included. Doses of fish oil used ranged from 3 to 18 g/day. No trials with vascular event or mortality endpoints were identified. The outcomes studied were glycemic control and lipid levels. Meta-analysis of pooled data demonstrated a statistically significant effect of fish oil in lowering @entity6 by 0.56 mmol/l (95% CI -0.71 to -0.40 mmol/l) and raising LDL @entity3 by 0.21 mmol/l (95% CI 0.02 to 0.41 mmol/l). No statistically significant effect was observed for fasting @entity5 , HbA1c, total or HDL @entity3 . The @entity4 lowering effect and the elevation in LDL @entity3 were most marked in those trials that recruited @entity0 with @entity7 and used higher doses of fish oil. No adverse effects of the intervention were reported. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Fish oil supplementation in type 2 @entity1 lowers @entity6 , may raise LDL @entity3 (especially in @entity8 @entity0 on higher doses of fish oil) and has no statistically significant effect on glycemic control. Trials with vascular event or mortality defined endpoints are needed.

title: Fish oil in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 of the zygoma are rare. Historically, @entity4 have been misrepresented as " @entity5 ". The International Society for the Study of @entity1 (ISSVA) classification is a reasonable classification that leads to appropriate clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies. Collaboration between surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists is necessary for accurate diagnosis and management. PRESENTATION OF CASE: We present here a case of an IOVM in a 59-year-old @entity0 who was treated with a multidisciplinary approach. Superselective arteriography and @entity3 were effective for diagnosis as well as for prevention of large @entity2 during surgery. En-bloc resection of the zygoma was performed within hours after @entity3 and autologous calvarial bone graft was used for primary reconstruction. DISCUSSION: We performed a literature review consisting of reviewing 52 cases of IOVM of the zygoma discussing optimal material for reconstruction of the defect for @entity6 of the zygoma nationally and internationally. CONCLUSION: The combination of surgery and preoperative angiography makes it possible to prevent high risk of @entity2 . For primary reconstruction of the zygoma, use of autologous calvarial bone can maintain the volume and reconstruct the natural malar contour.

title: XXXX : A case report and literature review.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: In both adult @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity6 , the focus has shifted from ' @entity2 parameters' to more @entity0 centered disability outcomes. In @entity4 this resulted in the development of the Outcome Measures in Arthritis Clinical Trials (OMERACT), and in @entity6 the Pediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization (PRINTO) core set. This PRINTO-core set was established using a combination of statistical and consensus formation techniques. This core set contains a number of @entity0 centered disability measures. This review systematically searched the available literature and reports the available evidence of efficacy of @entity7 , with special focus on @entity0 centered disability measures in @entity8 ( @entity8 ). OBJECTIVES: To perform a systematic review on the effects of @entity7 on functional ability, range of motion, quality of life, overall well-being and @entity3 for @entity0 with @entity8 . SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (CCTR) and MEDLINE were searched up to March 2001, using the search strategy sensitive for randomised controlled trials, used by the Cochrane Collaboration. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials and controlled clinical trials comparing @entity7 against placebo or standard care in @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) were selected. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers (TT, JN) determined the studies to be included in this review and extracted the data of @entity0 centered disability measures. The data were pooled using standardized mean differences (SMD) for limited joint range score, number of joints with @entity1 . The number of joints with @entity3 on motion were evaluated using @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Physicians global assessment, parents global assessment and withdrawals due to efficacy and side effects were evaluated with pooled odds ratios (OR). MAIN RESULTS: Only two studies with a total 165 @entity8 @entity0 under 18 years of age were included in this review. For @entity8 @entity0 , @entity7 therapy had small to moderate effects on @entity0 centered disability outcomes. The effect on joint range of motion, number of joints with @entity3 and @entity1 and physician's and parent's assessment of disease activity showed a relative percentage improvement from 3 to 23% greater with @entity7 than with placebo. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence suggests that @entity7 does have minimal clinically significant effects (>20%) on @entity0 centered disability measures in @entity8 @entity0 .

title: Methotrexate for treating XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intracapillary foam cell infiltration with podocyte alterations is a characteristic pathology of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We investigated the possible role of podocyte injury in glomerular macrophage and foam cell infiltration in a podocyte-selective injury model (NEP25 @entity2 ) and @entity5 model [ @entity7 deficiency ( @entity7 (-/-)) @entity2 ] with @entity4 -induced @entity1 . Acute podocyte selective injury alone failed to induce glomerular macrophages in the NEP25 @entity2 . However, in the @entity4 -treated @entity5 @entity7 (-/-) @entity2 , glomerular macrophages/foam cells significantly increased and were accompanied by lipid deposition and the formation and ingestion of oxidized phospholipids (oxPLs). Glomerular macrophages significantly correlated with the amount of glomerular oxPL. The NEP25/ @entity7 (-/-) @entity2 exhibited severe @entity6 , glomerular lipid deposition, and @entity1 . Imaging mass spectrometry revealed that a major component of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, @entity8 16:0 and 18:0, was present only in the glomeruli of NEP25/ @entity7 (-/-) @entity2 . @entity8 16:0 stimulated mesangial cells and macrophages, and @entity8 18:0 stimulated glomerular endothelial cells to express adhesion molecules and chemokines, promoting macrophage adhesion and migration in  vitro. In @entity0 @entity3 , glomerular macrophage-derived foam cells contained oxPLs accompanied by the expression of chemokines in the tuft. In  conclusion, glomerular lipid modification represents a novel pathology by podocyte injury, promoting @entity3 . Podocyte injury-driven @entity8 de novo accelerated glomerular macrophage-derived foam cell infiltration via @entity8 -mediated expression of adhesion molecules and chemokines in  glomerular resident cells.

title: Podocyte Injury-Driven Lipid Peroxidation Accelerates the Infiltration of Glomerular Foam Cells in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Mild @entity6 protects the brain against experimental @entity1 , but the reasons are not well known. We examined whether the protective effects of mild @entity6 could be correlated with alterations in expression of @entity4 , an anti-apoptotic protein in a @entity0 model of transient global @entity1 . Following 10 min of forebrain @entity1 , hippocampal neurons were examined 72 h later for survival, expression of @entity4 family proteins and apoptosis. Intraischemic mild @entity6 was applied for 3 h (33 degrees C, isch-33) or normal body temperature was maintained (37 degrees C, isch-37). Survival of @entity3 neurons was significantly improved in the isch-33 group compared to the isch-37 group (90 vs. 53% survival; P<0.01). The proportion of @entity4 -positive cells among surviving @entity3 neurons in the isch-33 group was increased compared to that of sham and isch-37 groups (P<0.01). @entity5 expression in @entity3 was no different between sham and isch-33 groups, but was significantly decreased in isch-37 (P<0.05). TUNEL staining was positive in many isch-37 @entity3 neurons, but absent in isch-33. Utilizing electron microscopy, more cells meeting criteria for apoptosis were observed in the isch-37 than isch-33. These data suggest that mild @entity6 attenuates @entity2 , and that this protection may be related to increases in @entity4 .

title: Mild @entity6 increases XXXX protein expression following global cerebral ischemia.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Mild @entity6 protects the brain against experimental @entity1 , but the reasons are not well known. We examined whether the protective effects of mild @entity6 could be correlated with alterations in expression of @entity4 , an anti-apoptotic protein in a @entity0 model of transient global @entity1 . Following 10 min of forebrain @entity1 , hippocampal neurons were examined 72 h later for survival, expression of @entity4 family proteins and apoptosis. Intraischemic mild @entity6 was applied for 3 h (33 degrees C, isch-33) or normal body temperature was maintained (37 degrees C, isch-37). Survival of @entity3 neurons was significantly improved in the isch-33 group compared to the isch-37 group (90 vs. 53% survival; P<0.01). The proportion of @entity4 -positive cells among surviving @entity3 neurons in the isch-33 group was increased compared to that of sham and isch-37 groups (P<0.01). @entity5 expression in @entity3 was no different between sham and isch-33 groups, but was significantly decreased in isch-37 (P<0.05). TUNEL staining was positive in many isch-37 @entity3 neurons, but absent in isch-33. Utilizing electron microscopy, more cells meeting criteria for apoptosis were observed in the isch-37 than isch-33. These data suggest that mild @entity6 attenuates @entity2 , and that this protection may be related to increases in @entity4 .

title: Mild XXXX increases @entity4 protein expression following global cerebral ischemia.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The Unified @entity2 Rating Scale (UPDRS) is primarily composed of an investigator-derived objective rating of motor function and a @entity0 -derived assessment of activities of daily living (ADL). Using a stringent definition of placebo effect, we examined the frequency, temporal development, and stability of improvements during placebo treatment over 6 months in a large placebo-controlled trial of @entity3 and @entity4 in early @entity2 (DATATOP). One hundred ninety-nine subjects received placebo treatment in the randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled DATATOP study. We compared the baseline UPDRS motor section scores with follow-up scores at 4, 13, and 26 weeks. Placebo-associated improvement was defined as an improvement over baseline score in motor UPDRS of at least 50% or a change in at least two motor items at any one visit by two or more points. Seventeen percent of the 185 subjects who qualified for analysis met the placebo response criteria. The group prevalence of response was steady (7% to 10%) at any one visit without a marked predominance of an early study effect. Older subjects with more @entity1 at baseline were most likely to show a placebo-associated improvement. ADL scores were low throughout the study, and ADL improvements did not identify the subjects with objectively defined placebo-associated improvement. Prominent improvements in investigator-derived objective measures of @entity2 @entity1 occur during clinical trials, including one that was not aimed at showing improved short-term efficacy. Although the notion of placebo effect often implies @entity0 -based perceptions, we found subjective changes to be infrequent in placebo-treated @entity0 , suggesting that either: (1) the placebo effect was rater-driven; (2) the ADL questionnaire is insensitive to transient but objectively demonstrable motor changes; or (3) that the objective changes, albeit major, are within the realm of natural variation in the UPDRS motor scale from visit to visit.

title: Placebo-associated improvements in motor function: comparison of subjective and objective sections of the UPDRS in early XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We determined whether adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) would be associated with improved survival after lymph node dissection (LND) for @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) who have positive pelvic lymph nodes (PPLNs). METHODS: We retrospectively identified @entity0 across 4 centers with @entity2 who underwent LND from 1978 to 2013 and were found to have PPLNs. @entity0 who received chemotherapy before surgery or in the presence of recurrent disease were excluded. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of AC with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), which was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences in @entity3 were determined with the log-rank test. RESULTS: During the study period, 141 @entity0 who underwent LND for @entity1 had PPLNs, and 84 of them met inclusion criteria. Median number of PPLNs was 2 (interquartile range [IQR]: 4-7), with 10% of cases occurring bilaterally and 55% having pelvic extranodal extension. AC was used in 36 (43%) @entity0 . @entity0 who received AC were younger (P = 0.014), had less-aggressive @entity1 pathology (P<0.01), were less likely to receive adjuvant radiation (P<0.01), had less bilateral inguinal disease (P = 0.019), and had more inguinal extranodal extension (P = 0.042). Median follow-up was 12.1 months. Estimated median @entity3 was 21.7 months (IQR: 11.8-104) in @entity0 who received AC vs. 10.1 (IQR: 5.6-48.1) in those who did not (P = 0.048). AC was independently associated with improved @entity3 on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19-0.87; P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: AC is associated with improved @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 who have PPLNs after LND. Prospective studies are needed to demonstrate causality.

title: Adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with improved XXXX in pelvic node-positive @entity1 after lymph node dissection: A multi-institutional study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We determined whether adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) would be associated with improved survival after lymph node dissection (LND) for @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) who have positive pelvic lymph nodes (PPLNs). METHODS: We retrospectively identified @entity0 across 4 centers with @entity2 who underwent LND from 1978 to 2013 and were found to have PPLNs. @entity0 who received chemotherapy before surgery or in the presence of recurrent disease were excluded. Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of AC with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), which was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences in @entity3 were determined with the log-rank test. RESULTS: During the study period, 141 @entity0 who underwent LND for @entity1 had PPLNs, and 84 of them met inclusion criteria. Median number of PPLNs was 2 (interquartile range [IQR]: 4-7), with 10% of cases occurring bilaterally and 55% having pelvic extranodal extension. AC was used in 36 (43%) @entity0 . @entity0 who received AC were younger (P = 0.014), had less-aggressive @entity1 pathology (P<0.01), were less likely to receive adjuvant radiation (P<0.01), had less bilateral inguinal disease (P = 0.019), and had more inguinal extranodal extension (P = 0.042). Median follow-up was 12.1 months. Estimated median @entity3 was 21.7 months (IQR: 11.8-104) in @entity0 who received AC vs. 10.1 (IQR: 5.6-48.1) in those who did not (P = 0.048). AC was independently associated with improved @entity3 on multivariate analysis (hazard ratio: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.19-0.87; P = 0.021). CONCLUSIONS: AC is associated with improved @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 who have PPLNs after LND. Prospective studies are needed to demonstrate causality.

title: Adjuvant chemotherapy is associated with improved @entity3 in pelvic node-positive XXXX after lymph node dissection: A multi-institutional study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Ki-67 index is essential in the pathological reports for @entity2 . There are three methods to determine the Ki-67 index including eyeball estimation, manual counting, or automated digital imaging analysis. The goal of this study was to compare the three quantification methods with the clinical outcome to determine the best method for clinical practice. Ki-67 immunostaining was performed on 97 resected @entity2 . The three methods of quantification were employed: (1) an average of eyeball estimation by three pathologists; (2) manual counting of at least 500 @entity1 cells; and (3) digital imaging analysis quantitation by selecting 8-10 hot spot regions. All @entity1 were graded according to the 2010 WHO grading system. The three quantification methods for the Ki-67 index had almost perfect agreement. The concordance between manual counting and digital imaging analysis and between manual counting and average eyeball estimation were 0.97 and 0.88, respectively. The concordance among the three pathologists' eyeball estimation was 0.86. All three methods correlated with @entity0 ' survival using the 2010 WHO grading system. Eyeball estimation scores were significantly less than those of the other two methods and tended to downgrade more @entity1 to grade 1, but they had higher predictive ability for survival and recurrence. The WHO system using the mitotic rate could also separate @entity0 with different survival and even downgraded more @entity1 to grade 1. The results suggest the necessity of a consensus among pathologists for the method to determine the Ki-67 index and proper cutoff of the Ki-67 index for better clinical correlation.

title: Comparison of Three Ki-67 Index Quantification Methods and Clinical Significance in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To see if urinary angiotensinogen (uAGT)/ @entity3 and other urinary components of the RAS could be used to detect @entity1 in pregnancy, as @entity1 predisposes to @entity5 . METHODS: Plasma and urinary prorenin, @entity4 and AGT (iRAS) were measured by ELISA. Urinary active @entity2 levels were measured enzymatically (9 males, 10 non pregnant, 61 Australian Indigenous pregnant @entity0 ). RESULTS: No relationships between plasma RAS and iRAS were found. In non-pregnant females plasma AGT levels were inversely related to protein and albumin/ @entity3 (r=-0.72, P=0.019, n=10; r=-0.65, P=0.042, n=10). In pregnancy, plasma @entity4 levels were related to protein/ @entity3 (r=0.29, P=0.036, n=54). Urinary protein/ @entity3 was not related to iRAS activity (males and non-pregnant females) but in pregnancy was related to prorenin and active @entity2 / @entity3 (r=0.45, P=0.02, n=26 r=0.47, P<0.001, n=50). Urinary albumin/ @entity3 was related to uAGT and active @entity2 / @entity3 in pregnancy (r=0.39, P=0.005, n=51; r=0.37, P=0.008, n=51). uACE/ @entity3 and uAGT/ @entity3 were related (r=0.52, P<0.001, n=51). CONCLUSION: Excretion of components of the iRAS is independent of plasma levels. Not only is uAGT/ @entity3 related to albumin/ @entity3 but there are similar relationships with other iRAS components. Measurement of the iRAS in @entity0 pregnancy may detect early stage @entity1 , @entity6 in Indigenous Australians.

title: PP025. Measurement of the activity of the circulating and intrarenal XXXX -angiotensin system (iRAS) in pregnant and non-pregnant subjects.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to study inactivation of different pathogenic bacteria on agar model surface using @entity4 -UV photocatalysis (TUVP). METHODS AND RESULTS: A unified food surface model was simulated using Bacto(   ) agar, a routinely used microbial medium. The foodborne pathogenic bacteria @entity3 (as a surrogate for @entity0 O157:H7), @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity5 were inoculated onto the agar surface, followed by investigation of TUVP-assisted inactivation and morphological changes in bacterial cells. The TUVP process showed higher bacterial inactivation, particularly for Gram-negative bacteria, than UVC alone and a control (dark reaction). A TUVP treatment of 17.2 mW cm(-2) (30% lower than the UVC light intensity) reduced the microbial load on the agar surface by 4.5-6.0 log CFU cm(-2) . UVC treatment of 23.7 mW cm(-2) caused 3.0-5.3 log CFU cm(-2) reduction. CONCLUSIONS: The use of agar model surface is effective for investigation of bacterial disinfection and TUVP is a promising non-thermal technique. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The results showing effects of photocatalysis and other treatments for inactivation of bacterial pathogens on model surface can be useful for applying such processes for disinfection of fruit, vegetables and other similar surfaces. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Inactivation of pathogenic bacteria inoculated onto a Bacto(   ) agar model surface using XXXX -UVC photocatalysis, UVC and chlorine treatments.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: We sought to define normative @entity1 ( @entity1 ) values for @entity0 using common clinical test protocols for kinetic and static perimetry. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SUBJECTS: We recruited 154 @entity0 aged 5 to 15 years without any @entity2 that would affect the @entity1 (controls) from pediatric clinics at Moorfields Eye Hospital. METHODS: @entity0 performed perimetric assessments in a randomized order using Goldmann and Octopus kinetic perimetry, and Humphrey static perimetry (Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm [SITA] 24-2 FAST), in a single sitting, using standardized clinical protocols, with assessment by a single examiner. Unreliable results (assessed qualitatively) were excluded from the normative data analysis. Linear, piecewise, and quantile mixed-effects regression models were used. We developed a method to display age-specific normative isopters graphically on a @entity1 plot to aid interpretation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Summary measures and graphical plots describing normative @entity1 data for 3 common perimetric tests. RESULTS: Visual field area increased with age on testing with Goldmann isopters III4e, I4e, and I2e (linear regression; P < 0.001) and for Octopus isopters III4e and I4e (linear regression; P < 0.005). Visual field development occurs predominately in the inferotemporal field. Humphrey @entity3 ( @entity3 ) showed an increase of 0.3 decibels (dB; 95% CI, 0.21-0.40) @entity3 per year up to 12 years of age, when adult @entity3 values were reached and thereafter maintained. CONCLUSIONS: Visual field size and sensitivity increase with age in patterns that are specific to the perimetric approach used. These developmental changes should be accounted for when interpreting perimetric test results in @entity0 , particularly when monitoring change over time.

title: Study of Optimal Perimetric Testing In XXXX (OPTIC): Normative Visual Field Values in @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: We sought to define normative @entity1 ( @entity1 ) values for @entity0 using common clinical test protocols for kinetic and static perimetry. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SUBJECTS: We recruited 154 @entity0 aged 5 to 15 years without any @entity2 that would affect the @entity1 (controls) from pediatric clinics at Moorfields Eye Hospital. METHODS: @entity0 performed perimetric assessments in a randomized order using Goldmann and Octopus kinetic perimetry, and Humphrey static perimetry (Swedish Interactive Thresholding Algorithm [SITA] 24-2 FAST), in a single sitting, using standardized clinical protocols, with assessment by a single examiner. Unreliable results (assessed qualitatively) were excluded from the normative data analysis. Linear, piecewise, and quantile mixed-effects regression models were used. We developed a method to display age-specific normative isopters graphically on a @entity1 plot to aid interpretation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Summary measures and graphical plots describing normative @entity1 data for 3 common perimetric tests. RESULTS: Visual field area increased with age on testing with Goldmann isopters III4e, I4e, and I2e (linear regression; P < 0.001) and for Octopus isopters III4e and I4e (linear regression; P < 0.005). Visual field development occurs predominately in the inferotemporal field. Humphrey @entity3 ( @entity3 ) showed an increase of 0.3 decibels (dB; 95% CI, 0.21-0.40) @entity3 per year up to 12 years of age, when adult @entity3 values were reached and thereafter maintained. CONCLUSIONS: Visual field size and sensitivity increase with age in patterns that are specific to the perimetric approach used. These developmental changes should be accounted for when interpreting perimetric test results in @entity0 , particularly when monitoring change over time.

title: Study of Optimal Perimetric Testing In @entity0 (OPTIC): Normative Visual Field Values in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the imaging and clinical features of @entity8 and to describe the phenomenon of diurnal variation in the size of @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity6 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-eight @entity0 with @entity6 underwent chest and abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT). Thirteen @entity0 underwent CT in the morning and afternoon of the same day to assess diurnal variation in @entity8 size. RESULTS: Twenty-seven of 128 @entity0 (21%) had 54 @entity8 . The vast majority (96%) of these masses contained material of low attenuation at CT. Associated CT findings included enlarged abdominal lymph nodes, @entity5 , @entity4 , and dilatation of the thoracic duct. The prevalence of @entity8 was 15% in @entity0 who had mild @entity2 , 19% in @entity0 who had moderate disease, and 26% in @entity0 who had severe disease. Diurnal variation in size of masses was demonstrated in 12 of 13 @entity0 . Seven of the 27 @entity0 who had masses underwent biopsy; all seven were confirmed to have @entity8 . The most common symptoms associated with @entity8 were @entity7 , @entity3 , and @entity1 of the lower extremities. The majority of the @entity0 reported worsening of symptoms as the day progressed. CONCLUSION: @entity8 are common in @entity0 with @entity6 . Diurnal variation in size may explain worsening of symptoms during the day.

title: XXXX : CT of diurnal variation of lymphangioleiomyomas.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) requires later cranioplasty (CP) in survivors. However, if additional ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) placement due to shunt-dependent @entity2 is necessary, the optimal timing of both procedures still remains controversial. We therefore analyzed our computerized database concerning the optimal timing of CP and @entity1 . METHODS: From 2009-2014, 41 cranioplasty procedures with simultaneous or staged VPS placement were performed at the authors' institution. @entity0 were stratified into two groups according to the time from CP to VPS ("simultaneous" and "staged"). @entity0 characteristics, timing of CP and VPS, as well as procedure-related complications, were assessed and analyzed. RESULTS: Overall CP and VPS were performed simultaneously in 41% and in staged fashion in 59% of the @entity0 . The overall complication rate was 27%. @entity0 who underwent simultaneous CP and VPS suffered significantly more often from complications compared with @entity0 who underwent staged CP and VPS procedures (47% vs. 12%; P = 0.03). @entity0 with simultaneous CP and VPS had a significantly higher rate of infectious postoperative complications compared with @entity0 with staged procedures (P = 0.003). On multivariate analysis, simultaneous CP and VPS procedure was the only significant predictor of postoperative complication after CP and VPS (P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: We provide detailed data on surgical timing and complications for cranioplasty and ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement after DC. The present data suggest that @entity0 who undergo staged CP and VPS procedures might benefit from a lower complication rate. This might influence future surgical decision making regarding optimal timing of CP and VPS placement.

title: Cranioplasty and Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Placement after Decompressive Craniectomy: Staged Surgery Is Associated with Fewer XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the degree of utilisation, the accuracy and the effect of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity0 with nodular @entity2 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. SUBJECTS: Four hundred and twenty eight @entity0 with @entity2 who were treated surgically were reviewed. The @entity1 of 201 @entity0 were compared with the post-operative histopathological findings. RESULTS: Most of the @entity0 (69%) presented with nodular @entity2 (solitary and multinodular) and among this group 31.4% did not undergo @entity1 pre-operatively. In more than 76%, the @entity1 resulted in a definite cytologic diagnosis. A sensitivity of 71.4% and a specificity of 96.4% was achieved. CONCLUSION: If @entity1 were used routinely in the initial evaluation of @entity0 with thyroid nodules it could have an enormous effect on their management. It reduces the number of @entity0 going for thyroidectomy and eliminates the need for nuclear scans to screen @entity0 with thyroid nodules. Therefore, we recommend @entity1 to be part of the initial evaluation of all @entity0 with nodular @entity2 .

title: Role of XXXX in the management of thyroid nodules.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the frequency with which @entity0 with @entity1 present with uncomplicated @entity7 and to determine the impact of changing the threshold for early endoscopy from 45 to 55 yr, as has recently been recommended in European studies. METHODS: Three hundred forty-one @entity0 with @entity1 at two Milwaukee teaching hospitals were identified from electronic databases. Trained physician-investigators reviewed the charts using a specifically designed questionnaire. Staging of @entity1 was performed using the TNM classification to determine operability. Uncomplicated @entity7 was defined as @entity7 without alarm symptoms/signs ( @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity2 , early satiety, @entity5 , or @entity4 ). RESULTS: There were 341 @entity0 with @entity1 with a mean age of 68 yr (range = 22-94). Twenty-one @entity0 were younger than 45 and 65 were under 55. Uncomplicated @entity7 was the presenting symptom in five of 65 (7.7%) @entity0 younger than 55 and one of 21 (4.8%) @entity0 under 45 (p = 0.99). Five @entity0 55 or younger presented with uncomplicated @entity7 . All had advanced, inoperable disease (stage III or higher). CONCLUSIONS: 1) In a racially diverse United States population, upper @entity1 presenting without alarm symptoms is uncommon. 2) Raising the threshold for immediate endoscopy in uncomplicated @entity7 from age 45 to 55 increases the risk of missing an underlying @entity1 but may not affect outcome, as incurable disease was present at diagnosis within a few weeks of the onset of symptoms.

title: Upper @entity1 , uncomplicated XXXX , and the age threshold for early endoscopy.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the frequency with which @entity0 with @entity1 present with uncomplicated @entity7 and to determine the impact of changing the threshold for early endoscopy from 45 to 55 yr, as has recently been recommended in European studies. METHODS: Three hundred forty-one @entity0 with @entity1 at two Milwaukee teaching hospitals were identified from electronic databases. Trained physician-investigators reviewed the charts using a specifically designed questionnaire. Staging of @entity1 was performed using the TNM classification to determine operability. Uncomplicated @entity7 was defined as @entity7 without alarm symptoms/signs ( @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity2 , early satiety, @entity5 , or @entity4 ). RESULTS: There were 341 @entity0 with @entity1 with a mean age of 68 yr (range = 22-94). Twenty-one @entity0 were younger than 45 and 65 were under 55. Uncomplicated @entity7 was the presenting symptom in five of 65 (7.7%) @entity0 younger than 55 and one of 21 (4.8%) @entity0 under 45 (p = 0.99). Five @entity0 55 or younger presented with uncomplicated @entity7 . All had advanced, inoperable disease (stage III or higher). CONCLUSIONS: 1) In a racially diverse United States population, upper @entity1 presenting without alarm symptoms is uncommon. 2) Raising the threshold for immediate endoscopy in uncomplicated @entity7 from age 45 to 55 increases the risk of missing an underlying @entity1 but may not affect outcome, as incurable disease was present at diagnosis within a few weeks of the onset of symptoms.

title: Upper XXXX , uncomplicated @entity7 , and the age threshold for early endoscopy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the operation methods and clinical effects of transfer of the medial half of the coracoacromial ligament to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament in treating @entity5 . METHODS: From January 2006 to June 2012,26 @entity0 with acute @entity5 underwent surgery. Transfer of the medial half of the coracoacromial ligament to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament, additional clavical hoot plate and Kirschner wires fixation, were performed in all the @entity0 . Among the @entity0 , 18 @entity0 were male and 8 @entity0 were female, with an average age of 36.7 years old (ranged from 25 to 51 years). The duration from @entity2 was from 3 to 12 days with an average of 5 days. According to the Rockwood classification, 4 cases were grade III and 22 cases were grade V . Clinical manifestation included @entity1 , tenderness with snapping, limitation of shoulder joint motion. In preoperative bilateral shoulder joint X-rays, the injured coracoclavicular distance was (16.2    5.0) mm which was significantly wider than that of uninjured sides (7.6    1.0) mm. Clinical results were evaluated according to X-rays and Constant-Murley score. RESULTS: All incisions obtained primary healing after operation without complication of @entity4 , internal fixation breakage, redislocation. All the @entity0 were followed up from 12 to 30 months with an average of 18 months. Kirschner wires and internal fixation plate were removed at 1 month and 8-10 months after operation, respectively. At final follow-up, the motion of shoulder joint recovered to normal and a no @entity3 joint was obtained. According to Constant-Murley score, 24 cases got excellent results and 2 cases good. There was no significant difference after operation between the injured coracoclavicular distance and the uninjured contralateral side [(7.7    1.2) mm vs (7.6    1.0) mm), P > 0.05]. CONCLUSION: Transfer of the medial half of the coracoacromial ligament to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament, additional fixation using hook plate and Kirschner wires is the effective surgical method in treating complete acute @entity5 .

title: [Treatment of XXXX with transfer of the medial half of the coracoacromial ligament to reconstruct the coracoclavicular ligament].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of @entity6 resulting in @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective study of all cases requiring evisceration or enucleation due to microbial @entity4 at Wills Eye Hospital between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1995. Medical records were reviewed to determine the past medical and ophthalmic history, duration of symptoms and treatment prior to referral, and the size of the ulcer at time of presentation. Treatment, culture results, and clinical course were also analyzed. RESULTS: During the study period, 1.8% (17 of 965) of the @entity0 with @entity6 admitted to Wills Eye Hospital underwent evisceration or enucleation for microbial @entity4 . The median age of the @entity0 was 67 years (+/- 20.1 years). A majority of the @entity0 (82%, 14 of 17) had a history of preexisting @entity5 resulting in poor visual acuity. The median duration of symptoms prior to presentation to Wills Eye Hospital was 11.4 days (+/- 13.9 days). The average size of the corneal infiltrate was 40.8 @entity1 (+/- 38.7 @entity1 ). The most common pathogens were Pseudomonas (7 cases) and Streptococcus (3 cases). @entity0 required evisceration (14 cases) or enucleation (3 cases) due to uncontrolled @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 resulting in @entity3 occurred typically in @entity0 who were elderly with preexisting poor visual acuity, who presented with severe @entity2 due to virulent organisms or delayed treatment.

title: XXXX resulting in @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of @entity6 resulting in @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective study of all cases requiring evisceration or enucleation due to microbial @entity4 at Wills Eye Hospital between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1995. Medical records were reviewed to determine the past medical and ophthalmic history, duration of symptoms and treatment prior to referral, and the size of the ulcer at time of presentation. Treatment, culture results, and clinical course were also analyzed. RESULTS: During the study period, 1.8% (17 of 965) of the @entity0 with @entity6 admitted to Wills Eye Hospital underwent evisceration or enucleation for microbial @entity4 . The median age of the @entity0 was 67 years (+/- 20.1 years). A majority of the @entity0 (82%, 14 of 17) had a history of preexisting @entity5 resulting in poor visual acuity. The median duration of symptoms prior to presentation to Wills Eye Hospital was 11.4 days (+/- 13.9 days). The average size of the corneal infiltrate was 40.8 @entity1 (+/- 38.7 @entity1 ). The most common pathogens were Pseudomonas (7 cases) and Streptococcus (3 cases). @entity0 required evisceration (14 cases) or enucleation (3 cases) due to uncontrolled @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 resulting in @entity3 occurred typically in @entity0 who were elderly with preexisting poor visual acuity, who presented with severe @entity2 due to virulent organisms or delayed treatment.

title: @entity4 resulting in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Late-life @entity7 is associated with increased subcortical @entity3 . There is some evidence that they are associated with a poorer response to acute treatment. Neurological signs and @entity8 are further evidence of @entity6 , but they have not been studied in relation to therapy resistance. METHODS: A prospective study of 24 normal controls and 75 consecutive elderly (aged 65 to 85) @entity0 with DSM-III-R major @entity7 entered a naturalistic study of treatment. Assessment of response to monotherapy and then @entity9 augmentation or @entity10 created three outcome groups. Investigations included magnetic resonance brain imaging, neuropsychological and neurological examination. RESULTS: Response to monotherapy within 12 weeks was shown by 42.7%, a further 37.3% responded to @entity9 augmentation or @entity10 within 24 weeks and 20% had responded poorly to all treatments at 24 weeks. Subcortical hyperintensities were significantly increased in the more resistant @entity0 . These included confluent deep white matter, multiple (> 5) @entity2 and pontine @entity4 . Most of the @entity5 was restricted to the resistant groups and was of a subcortico-frontal type. @entity1 characterized the resistant groups. The combination of @entity2 , pyramidal tract signs and impairment of motor hand sequencing strongly predicted resistance to 12 weeks of antidepressant monotherapy with 89% sensitivity and 95% specificity. CONCLUSION: In late-life @entity7 a poor response to antidepressant monotherapy can be expected in those @entity0 with a @entity6 , @entity2 or if MRI T2-weighted lesions are present in both the basal ganglia and the pontine reticular formation.

title: Is subcortical disease associated with a poor response to antidepressants? Neurological, neuropsychological and neuroradiological findings in late-life XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Six months of daily @entity2 ratings for 94 individuals were tested for the influence of prevailing weather conditions during the spring, summer, and fall seasons. Intergroup differences were tested for study @entity0 who reported weather sensitivity and for those who did not. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relation between @entity1 ratings and prevailing weather conditions in a population with chronic or recurrent @entity2 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Weather conditions have been reported to influence @entity1 perception in some disease states, including @entity2 . Investigations of this relation in chronic or recurrent @entity2 have involved varied methodologies, and conflicting results have been reported. METHODS: The effects of eight weather variables reported to influence @entity3 were tested on daily @entity1 ratings. A post hoc weather sensitivity questionnaire was used to disperse 73 individuals into groups based on perceived weather sensitivity, and group differences were tested. RESULTS: Significant effects on @entity1 scores were found, most notably for temperature and vapor pressure. The magnitude of the effects were small compared with autocorrelation of an individual's own @entity1 scores. Significant differences were found between the group of individuals who were insensitive to weather conditions and that of individuals with perceived sensitivity to cold temperatures. No significant intergroup differences were found for damp, rainy conditions or changes in barometric pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Weather conditions may influence subjective reporting of @entity2 significantly. Although the effects are small in magnitude, they should be considered in clinical treatment of the @entity0 with chronic, nonspecific @entity2 . @entity1 scores may demonstrate greater interaction with certain weather conditions in individuals perceiving sensitivity to those conditions.

title: Meteorological conditions and self-report of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Intrinsic cervical @entity2 represents the serious and permanent complications that can occur if cervical epidural steroid injections are administered while the @entity0 is sedated. Two case reports are presented. OBJECTIVES: To draw attention to the dangerous consequences that can arise from sedating a @entity0 before administering a cervical epidural steroid injection. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Reported complications of cervical epidural steroid injections have been minor and infrequent. No reports of intrinsic cervical @entity2 could be found in a comprehensive English language literature search. METHODS: Two case reports of permanent intrinsic cervical @entity2 in @entity0 who had been administered cervical epidural steroid injections while under intravenous sedation are presented. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed before and after the administration of cervical epidural steroid injections. Each @entity0 had herniated nucleus pulposus before they received cervical epidural steroid injections and intrinsic @entity2 on postinjection magnetic resonance images. RESULTS: Both @entity0 developed @entity1 and neurologic symptoms within 24 hours of injection. To date, these symptoms appear to be permanent. However, @entity0 1 had @entity1 relief in her right arm and shoulder after undergoing a microdiscectomy, but @entity1 was still persistent in her left leg, and she has developed a positive Lhermitte's sign. CONCLUSION: These case reports indicate fluoroscopic guidance will not insure or prevent intrathecal perforation or spinal cord penetration during the administration of cervical epidural steroid injections. In addition, although intravenous sedations during cervical epidural steroid injections have been used numerous times without reported complications, it appears intravenous sedation in these two cases resulted in the inability of the @entity0 to experience the expected @entity1 and paresthesias at the time of spinal cord irritation. Therefore, the authors conclude that the @entity0 should be fully awake during the administration of cervical epidural steroid injections, with only local anesthetic in the skin used for analgesia.

title: Cervical epidural steroid injection with intrinsic XXXX . Two case reports.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the risk of @entity0 among workers of a Moscow (Russia) shoe factory exposed to @entity6 ( @entity7 ) ( @entity4 ). METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort mortality study among 5,185 shoe manufacturing workers employed between 1940 and 1976, and followed from 1979 through 1993. Exposure to @entity4 was assessed by linking the job history with industrial hygiene data. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMR) using the Moscow population as reference, and conducted an internal comparison analysis based on Poisson regression modeling. RESULTS: For the entire cohort, all-cause mortality was close to expectation and all- @entity0 mortality was increased. There was an increase in the mortality from @entity1 (SMR = 2.4, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-4.3), @entity2 (SMR = 1.8, CI = 0.9-3.4), and @entity3 (SMR = 1.9, CI = 1.0-3.3). Mortality from @entity1 and @entity3 was associated with various indicators of @entity4 exposure. A similar, although less consistent, pattern was found for @entity2 mortality; while for the remaining @entity0 , no association was suggested with @entity4 exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The association between @entity4 exposure and risk of @entity3 may be due to concomitant exposure to @entity5 . The results for @entity1 point towards a @entity4 .

title: @entity0 mortality among Moscow shoe workers exposed to XXXX (Russia).

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the risk of @entity0 among workers of a Moscow (Russia) shoe factory exposed to @entity6 ( @entity7 ) ( @entity4 ). METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort mortality study among 5,185 shoe manufacturing workers employed between 1940 and 1976, and followed from 1979 through 1993. Exposure to @entity4 was assessed by linking the job history with industrial hygiene data. We calculated standardized mortality ratios (SMR) using the Moscow population as reference, and conducted an internal comparison analysis based on Poisson regression modeling. RESULTS: For the entire cohort, all-cause mortality was close to expectation and all- @entity0 mortality was increased. There was an increase in the mortality from @entity1 (SMR = 2.4, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-4.3), @entity2 (SMR = 1.8, CI = 0.9-3.4), and @entity3 (SMR = 1.9, CI = 1.0-3.3). Mortality from @entity1 and @entity3 was associated with various indicators of @entity4 exposure. A similar, although less consistent, pattern was found for @entity2 mortality; while for the remaining @entity0 , no association was suggested with @entity4 exposure. CONCLUSIONS: The association between @entity4 exposure and risk of @entity3 may be due to concomitant exposure to @entity5 . The results for @entity1 point towards a @entity4 .

title: XXXX mortality among Moscow shoe workers exposed to @entity6 (Russia).

answer: @entity0


abstract: We report on six @entity0 with intratubular Sertoli cell proliferations (ISCPs), studied by routine histologic methods, electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry of anti-m  llerian hormone ( @entity4 ), @entity9 -subunit, @entity6 dehydrogenase ( @entity8 ), proliferative cellular nuclear antigen, and @entity5 , and carefully followed for extended periods with periodic clinical examinations, testicular ultrasonographies, and determinations of serum levels of @entity4 and inhibin B. @entity7 was found in four of six @entity0 , and @entity3 occurred in five of six @entity0 . One @entity0 had isosexual pseudoprecocity. ISCPs were observed as multiple foci of seminiferous tubules with large and proliferated Sertoli cells replacing germ cells and limited by the basement membrane. Mitotic figures, atypia, and/or interstitial invasion were not observed. Bilateral ISCPs were the only pathologic finding in three @entity0 ( @entity0 nos. 1-3) and were associated with a microscopic @entity1 that resembled a large-cell calcifying @entity10 (LCCSCT) in a fourth @entity0 ( @entity0 no. 4). In the two remaining @entity0 ( @entity0 nos. 5 and 6) ISCPs and LCCSCT were found in both testes. Ultrastructural examination showed large Sertoli cells, with round nuclei, sparse organelles, and some glycogen. @entity9 -subunit immunolocalization was positive in the five @entity0 in whom it was determined ( @entity0 nos. 2-6), @entity4 was positive in those ISCPs associated with @entity1 ( @entity0 nos. 4-6) and negative in isolated ISCPs ( @entity0 nos. 2 and 3); @entity8 and PCNA were variable, and @entity5 was negative in all ISCPs. @entity0 nos. 1-4 have been followed for 2-19 years. One of them is currently entering puberty, the other two have already completed puberty and have testes of normal size, and the remaining one is an adult with clinically normal testes and sperm production. None of these @entity0 had evidence of @entity1 development during follow-up as shown by serial ultrasonographies and serum levels of @entity4 and inhibin B. @entity0 nos. 5 and 6 who had bilateral ISCPs and LCCSCT were orchidectomized and evolved for 2-10 years after surgery without @entity1 recurrence. The prognostic significance of ISCPs, particularly when they are the only pathologic finding in a testicular biopsy, is a matter of controversy. Based on the long normal evolution, we recommend a conservative approach to therapy. The bilateral and multicentric character of ISCPs and their association with Sertoli @entity1 and @entity7 suggest that they represent either @entity2 with tumorigenic potential or the intraepithelial stage in the evolution of some testicular Sertoli cell @entity1 .

title: Sertoli cell proliferations of the infantile testis: an intratubular form of XXXX ?

answer: @entity10


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity3 is a leading cause of mortality in @entity1 @entity0 . @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is common in this population and predisposes to @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and subsequent mortality. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of electrocardiographic screening to detect @entity2 in @entity1 inpatients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : We built a decision analytic model based on a decision tree to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and utility of @entity2 screening from a health care perspective. @entity2 proportion parameters were derived from an in-hospital cross-sectional study. We performed experts' elicitation to estimate the risk of @entity4 , given extent of @entity2 . A @entity4 of 65% after @entity2 detection was based on positive drug dechallenge rate and through adequate treatment and electrolyte adjustments. The base-case model uncertainty was assessed with one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Finally, the @entity4 related mortality and @entity4 avoidance parameters were varied in a two-way sensitivity analysis to assess their effect on the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Costs, Quality Ajusted Life Year (QALY), ICER, and probability of cost effectiveness thresholds (  10 000,  25 000, and  50 000 per QALY). RESULTS: In the base-case scenario, the numbers of @entity0 needed to screen were 1128 and 2817 to avoid one @entity4 and one death, respectively. The ICER of systematic ECG screening was  8644 (95%CI, 3144-82 498) per QALY. The probability of cost-effectiveness was 96% at a willingness-to-pay of  50 000 for one QALY. In sensitivity analyses, results were sensitive to the case-fatality of @entity4 episodes and to the @entity4 following the diagnosis of @entity2 . CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: In @entity1 hospitals, performing systematic ECG screening at admission help reduce the number of @entity3 in a cost-effective fashion.

title: Electrocardiographic Screening for Prolonged QT Interval to Reduce XXXX in Psychiatric @entity0 : A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: IMPORTANCE: @entity3 is a leading cause of mortality in @entity1 @entity0 . @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is common in this population and predisposes to @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and subsequent mortality. OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost-effectiveness of electrocardiographic screening to detect @entity2 in @entity1 inpatients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : We built a decision analytic model based on a decision tree to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and utility of @entity2 screening from a health care perspective. @entity2 proportion parameters were derived from an in-hospital cross-sectional study. We performed experts' elicitation to estimate the risk of @entity4 , given extent of @entity2 . A @entity4 of 65% after @entity2 detection was based on positive drug dechallenge rate and through adequate treatment and electrolyte adjustments. The base-case model uncertainty was assessed with one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Finally, the @entity4 related mortality and @entity4 avoidance parameters were varied in a two-way sensitivity analysis to assess their effect on the Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Costs, Quality Ajusted Life Year (QALY), ICER, and probability of cost effectiveness thresholds (  10 000,  25 000, and  50 000 per QALY). RESULTS: In the base-case scenario, the numbers of @entity0 needed to screen were 1128 and 2817 to avoid one @entity4 and one death, respectively. The ICER of systematic ECG screening was  8644 (95%CI, 3144-82 498) per QALY. The probability of cost-effectiveness was 96% at a willingness-to-pay of  50 000 for one QALY. In sensitivity analyses, results were sensitive to the case-fatality of @entity4 episodes and to the @entity4 following the diagnosis of @entity2 . CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE: In @entity1 hospitals, performing systematic ECG screening at admission help reduce the number of @entity3 in a cost-effective fashion.

title: Electrocardiographic Screening for Prolonged QT Interval to Reduce @entity3 in Psychiatric XXXX : A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blood stream @entity3 (BSIs) are a common source of morbidity and @entity2 in hospitalized @entity0 . We hypothesized that the proportions of @entity4 from gram-positive and fungal pathogens have decreased over time, whereas rates of gram-negative @entity4 have increased as a result of better central venous catheter management. METHODS: All U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-defined BSIs in @entity0 treated on the general surgery and @entity1 services at our institution between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2009 were identified prospectively. These cases were analyzed on a yearly basis to compare rates of various @entity3 over time. The Cochran-Armitage test for trend was used to evaluate categorical data, whereas the Jonckheere-Terpstra test for ordered values was used to analyze continuous data. RESULTS: A total of 1,040 @entity0 had 1,441 episodes of BSI caused by 1,632 strains of bacteria or fungi. There was no difference over time in the proportion of BSI among overall @entity3 . Rates of BSI for gram-negative and fungal pathogens increased over time (p=0.03 and<0.0001, respectively), whereas rates of gram-positive BSI decreased (p<0.0001). Positive changes in anaerobic BSI approached statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Although our hypothesis was only partly true, over the last 12 y, our institution clearly has witnessed a shift in the types of organisms causing BSIs. There was a decrease in the rates of BSI caused by gram-positive pathogens with an associated increase in the rates of BSI of @entity3 by fungal and gram-negative pathogens. Interventions to reduce institutional rates of BSI should include targeted therapies based on historical institutional trends.

title: Temporal Trends in Blood Stream Infection Isolates from Surgical XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spider phobics show an exaggerated fear response when encountering spiders. This fear response is aggravated by negative and irrational beliefs about the feared object. Cognitive reappraisal can target these beliefs, and therefore has a fear regulating effect. The presented study investigated if neurofeedback derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) would facilitate @entity1 regulation by cognitive reappraisal, using @entity2 as a model of @entity1 . Feedback was provided based on activation in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right insula, as indicators of engagement and regulation success, respectively. METHODS: Eighteen female spider phobics participated in a randomized, controlled, single-blinded study. All @entity0 completed a training session in the MRI scanner. @entity0 assigned to the neurofeedback condition were instructed to shape their regulatory strategy based on the provided feedback. @entity0 assigned to the control condition were asked to adapt their strategy intuitively. RESULTS: Neurofeedback @entity0 exhibited lower @entity1 levels than the control group at the end of the training. In addition, only neurofeedback @entity0 achieved down-regulation of insula activation levels by cognitive reappraisal. Group differences became more pronounced over time, supporting learning as a mechanism behind this effect. Importantly, within the neurofeedback group, achieved changes in insula activation levels during training predicted long-term @entity1 reduction. CONCLUSIONS: The conducted study provides first evidence that fMRI neurofeedback has a facilitating effect on @entity1 regulation in @entity2 .

title: fMRI neurofeedback facilitates XXXX regulation in females with @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spider phobics show an exaggerated fear response when encountering spiders. This fear response is aggravated by negative and irrational beliefs about the feared object. Cognitive reappraisal can target these beliefs, and therefore has a fear regulating effect. The presented study investigated if neurofeedback derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) would facilitate @entity1 regulation by cognitive reappraisal, using @entity2 as a model of @entity1 . Feedback was provided based on activation in left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right insula, as indicators of engagement and regulation success, respectively. METHODS: Eighteen female spider phobics participated in a randomized, controlled, single-blinded study. All @entity0 completed a training session in the MRI scanner. @entity0 assigned to the neurofeedback condition were instructed to shape their regulatory strategy based on the provided feedback. @entity0 assigned to the control condition were asked to adapt their strategy intuitively. RESULTS: Neurofeedback @entity0 exhibited lower @entity1 levels than the control group at the end of the training. In addition, only neurofeedback @entity0 achieved down-regulation of insula activation levels by cognitive reappraisal. Group differences became more pronounced over time, supporting learning as a mechanism behind this effect. Importantly, within the neurofeedback group, achieved changes in insula activation levels during training predicted long-term @entity1 reduction. CONCLUSIONS: The conducted study provides first evidence that fMRI neurofeedback has a facilitating effect on @entity1 regulation in @entity2 .

title: fMRI neurofeedback facilitates @entity1 regulation in females with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inhibition of mitochondrial complex I activity is hypothesized to be one of the major mechanisms responsible for dopaminergic @entity4 in @entity3 . However, loss of complex I activity by  systemic deletion of the @entity7 gene, one of the subunits comprising complex I, does not cause dopaminergic @entity4 in culture. Here, we generated @entity0 with conditional @entity7 knockout in dopaminergic neurons ( @entity7 conditional knockout @entity0 [cKO]) to examine the effect of complex  I  inhibition on dopaminergic neuron function and survival during aging and on @entity6 ( @entity6 ) treatment in  vivo. @entity7 cKO @entity0 did not show enhanced dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta or @entity5 -dependent @entity1 over the 24-month life span. These @entity0 were just as susceptible to @entity6 as control @entity0 . However, compared with control @entity0 , @entity7 cKO @entity0 exhibited an age-dependent reduction of @entity5 in the striatum and increased a-synuclein phosphorylation in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. We also used an inducible @entity7 knockout @entity0 ( @entity7  inducible knockout) in which @entity7 is conditionally deleted in all cells in adult to examine the effect of adult onset, complex I inhibition on @entity6 sensitivity of dopaminergic neurons. The @entity7 inducible knockout @entity0 exhibited similar sensitivity to @entity6 as control littermates. These data suggest that mitochondrial complex I inhibition in dopaminergic neurons does contribute to @entity5 loss and the development of a-synuclein pathology. However, it is not sufficient to cause cell-autonomous dopaminergic @entity4 during the normal life span of @entity0 . Furthermore, mitochondrial complex I inhibition does not underlie @entity6 @entity2 in  vivo in either cell autonomous or nonautonomous manner. These results provide strong evidence that inhibition of mitochondrial complex I activity is not sufficient to cause dopaminergic @entity4 during aging nor does it contribute to @entity5 neuron @entity2 in the @entity6 model of @entity3 . These findings suggest the existence of alternative mechanisms of dopaminergic @entity4 independent  of mitochondrial complex I inhibition.

title: Genetic reduction of mitochondrial complex I function does not lead to loss of XXXX neurons in  vivo.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Aims. To optimize and verify the regulatory pathway of @entity4 in the pathogenesis of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) by intelligent algorithm. Methods. Bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the features of structural domain in @entity4 protein. Proteins with the same domains and similar functions to @entity4 were screened out for reference. The possible regulatory pathway of @entity4 was established by integrating the acting pathways of these proteins. Then, the similarity between the reference proteins and @entity4 protein was figured out by multiparameter weighted summation method. The calculation result was taken as the prior probability of the initial node in Bayesian network. Besides, the probability of occurrence in different pathways was calculated by conditional probability formula, and the one with the maximum probability was regarded as the most possible pathway of @entity4 . Finally, molecular biological experiments were conducted to prove it. Results. In Bayesian network of @entity4 , probability of the acting pathway "S100A11 > @entity2 > @entity1 > MAPK > @entity3 > Spindle protein > Centromere protein > Cell proliferation" was the biggest, and it was also validated by biological experiments. Conclusions. The possibly important role of @entity4 in the occurrence of @entity0 was verified by theoretical analysis and preliminary test, helping in studying the relationship between @entity4 and @entity0 .

title: Optimization and Corroboration of the Regulatory Pathway of p42.3 Protein in the Pathogenesis of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 are rare congenital lesions of the spine and are lined with entodermal epithelium. They result from anomalous endodermal-neuroectodermal adhesion in the 3rd week of embryonic life with persistence of canal of Kovalevsky. The nature of the eventual abnormality depends on the extent to which this adhesion subsequently disappears. Persistence of the entire tract results in the extreme form of combined anterior and posterior @entity5 with dorsal enteric @entity2 and persistence of only a part of the tract producing the isolated intraspinal cyst. The most common location is the cervico-dorsal region, and usually it lies ventral to the spinal cord. The lumbosacral location is uncommon. Associated @entity6 , @entity1 , bowel duplication, the presence of keratin markers and @entity4 -secreting cuboidal or columnar intestinal epithelium in their walls confirm their entodermal origin. @entity0 : We describe here three unusual cases of @entity3 in @entity0 aged 5-18 years who had already had symptoms for some time. One of these had a cyst sited predominantly in the sacral canal, another presented with a lumbar neurenteric cyst, and the third @entity0 had an intradural extramedullary thoracic lesion. Two of these @entity0 had associated anomalies, the one with lumbar cyst also having a lipomeningomyelocele and @entity5 while the other also had deformed vertebrae. All three @entity0 underwent laminectomy and gross excision of the cysts through a posterior approach. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of @entity3 was confirmed by demonstrating @entity4 -producing cuboidal or columnar epithelium lining the cystic cavity.

title: Intraspinal XXXX --report of three paediatric cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 are the most @entity1 of the CNS. Seventy to eighty percent are found in @entity0 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We report on 38 @entity0 under 18 who had @entity2 in the posterior fossa and were treated by a multidisciplinary team in our Neurosurgical Department from January 1974 to December 1997. We included all @entity0 in whom the histopathological diagnosis was @entity5 , regardless of @entity1 . The diagnostic methods used were pneumoventriculography, cranial X-rays, CT scan, and MRI. All @entity0 were treated surgically. Neither radiotherapy nor chemotherapy was indicated in @entity0 with pilocytic or @entity5 . A greater prevalence was observed in female (25/38; 66%) than in male (13/38; 34%) @entity0 . Histopathological results revealed 27 (71%) @entity5 , 8 (21%) diffuse @entity5 , 1 (2%) anaplastic @entity4 . These @entity1 were more frequently located in the right cerebellar hemisphere; @entity3 was the most frequent form of clinical presentation. Total @entity1 resection was obtained in 29 (83%) cases and subtotal resection in 9 (17%). In 6 (16%) cases, ventriculoperitoneal shunts were placed to control persistent @entity6 after @entity1 excision. CONCLUSION: The most frequent complication was @entity7 . The mortality rate was 8.5%.

title: XXXX : a 24-year experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Correction of @entity2 in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is performed to maintain adequate seating posture and facilitate comfort. Delaying surgery can predispose to greater morbidity as @entity4 exhibits progressive cardiorespiratory compromise. Early limited instrumentation may provide a solution to optimize @entity0 with this condition. PURPOSE: The aim was to assess outcomes for a cohort of @entity4 @entity0 who had posterior single-rod instrumentation and bilateral spinal fusion of their neuromuscular @entity2 . STUDY DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study. @entity0 SAMPLE: Forty-one consecutive @entity0 were included. OUTCOME MEASURES: Perioperative morbidity, seating outcomes, pulmonary function, deformity correction, and instrumentation integrity were assessed. METHODS: Clinical and radiographic review was performed. RESULTS: No perioperative @entity1 was encountered. Total surgical time was 96 minutes, mean @entity3 was 2.3l, mean intensive care unit stay was 41 hours, and overall length of stay was 11 days. Mean Cobb angle improved from 24.3   to 15.6  , pelvic obliquity improved from 7   preoperatively to 5   postoperatively. Three @entity0 had failure of fixation at a mean of 3.5 years. Forced vital capacity was 60% preoperatively and 56% at 1 year, forced expiratory volume/1 second was 67% and 62% at 1 year postoperatively. Seating and posture was satisfactory in all these @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The authors advocate early operative intervention using a limited instrumentation technique in @entity0 with @entity4 to maintain seating balance and minimize perioperative morbidity.

title: Early limited instrumentation of scoliosis in XXXX : is a single-rod construct sufficient?

answer: @entity4