abstract: UNASSIGNED: BackgroundStroke causes lasting disability and the burden of @entity1 is expected to increase substantially during the next decades. Optimal rehabilitation is therefore mandatory. Early supported discharge (ESD) has previously shown beneficial, but all major studies were carried out more than ten years ago. We wanted to implement and study the results of ESD in our community today with comparisons between ESD and treatment as usual, as well as between two different ESD models.MethodsPatients with acute @entity1 were included during a three year period (2008  11) in a randomised controlled study comparing two different ESD models to treatment as usual. The two ESD models differed by the location of treatment: either in a day unit or in the @entity0   homes. @entity0 in the ESD groups were followed by a multi-disciplinary ambulatory team in the @entity1 unit and discharged home as early as possible. The ESD models also comprised treatment by a multi-disciplinary community health team for up to five weeks and follow-up controls after 3 and 6 months. Primary outcome was modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at six months.ResultsThree-hundred-and-six @entity0 were included. mRS scores and change scores were non-significantly better in the two ESD groups at 3 and 6  months. Within-group improvement from baseline to 3  months was significant in the ESD 1 (p  =  0.042) and ESD 2 (p  =  0.001) groups, but not in the controls. More @entity0 in the pooled ESD groups were independent at 3 (p  =  0.086) and 6  months (p  =  0.122) compared to controls and there also was a significant difference in 3  month change score between them (p  =  0.049). There were no differences between the two ESD groups. Length of stay in the @entity1 unit was 11  days in all groups.ConclusionsPatients in the ESD groups tended to be more independent than controls at 3 and 6 months, but no clear statistically significant differences were found. The added effect of supported discharge and improved follow-up seems to be rather modest. The improved @entity1 treatment of today may necessitate larger @entity0 samples to demonstrate additional benefit of ESD.Clinical trial registrationUnique identifier: NCT00771771.

title: Early supported discharge after XXXX in Bergen (ESD Stroke Bergen): three and six months results of a randomised controlled trial comparing two early supported discharge schemes with treatment as usual.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Component-resolved diagnosis might improve the prediction of future allergy in young @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: We sought to investigate the association between IgE reactivity to the pathogenesis-related class 10 (PR-10) protein family and @entity1 to birch pollen (ARbp) from early childhood up to age 16 years. METHOD: Questionnaire data and sera obtained at 4, 8, and 16 years of age from the Barn/ @entity0 Allergi/Allergy Milieu Stockholm Epidemiologic (BAMSE) study birth cohort were used. Sera from 764 @entity0 were analyzed for IgE reactivity to 9 PR-10 allergen proteins at the 3 time points by using an allergen chip based on ISAC technology. ARbp was defined as upper airway symptoms during birch pollen exposure. RESULTS: IgE reactivity to @entity2 v 1 was found in 12%, 17%, and 25% of @entity0 at 4, 8, and 16 years of age. IgE reactivity of PR-10 proteins showed a hierarchic intrarelationship: @entity2 v 1  > @entity3 d 1  > Cor a 1.04  > Ara h 8  > Pru p 1  > @entity4 g 1  > Api g 1  > Act d 8  > Gly m 4. There was an increased risk of incidence and persistence of ARbp up to age 16 years with increasing levels of @entity2 v 1-specific IgE or increasing numbers of IgE-reactive PR-10 proteins at 4 years. @entity0 with severe ARbp at age 16 years had higher levels of @entity2 v 1-specific IgE at age 4 years compared with @entity0 with mild symptoms. CONCLUSION: ARbp at age 16 years can be predicted by analysis of IgE reactivity to PR-10 proteins in early childhood.

title: Early childhood IgE reactivity to pathogenesis-related class 10 proteins predicts XXXX in adolescence.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is comprised of several different cell types reflecting different clinicopathologic features. Pathologic criteria for distinguishing cell types have evolved, and therefore non-contemporary literature on @entity2 may have limited current relevance. A new dualistic model of pathogenesis that distinguishes type I (endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell and low grade @entity3 ) from @entity5 (high grade @entity3 and @entity6 ) @entity1 has become widely accepted. METHODS: A cohort of 562 @entity0 with invasive @entity2 from a large community hospital practice was reviewed. Cell type, FIGO stage, mortality and interpathologist diagnostic reproducibility were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity2 were @entity5 in 86% of cases while low stage @entity1 were most often type I. Only 1.7% of @entity1 were confirmed to be stage I with comprehensive surgical staging. @entity1 accounted for 85% of deaths, and @entity4 , 5% of deaths. Cell type-specific case-fatality ratios for @entity1 were 62% and 79% for high grade @entity3 and @entity6 , respectively. For type I @entity1 , case-fatality ratios were 38%, 36%, 27% and 13% for low grade serous, clear cell, endometrioid and @entity3 , respectively. The kappa value for diagnostic reproducibility among 3 gynecologic pathologists was 0.83. CONCLUSIONS: Current diagnostic criteria confirm that high grade @entity3 and @entity6 account for the vast majority (85%) of @entity2 deaths. Cell type designation is highly reproducible among gynecologic pathologists. @entity1 are rarely stage I (<2%) when comprehensively staged by a gynecologic oncologist.

title: Distribution and case-fatality ratios by cell-type for XXXX : A 22-year series of 562 @entity0 with uniform current histological classification.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is comprised of several different cell types reflecting different clinicopathologic features. Pathologic criteria for distinguishing cell types have evolved, and therefore non-contemporary literature on @entity2 may have limited current relevance. A new dualistic model of pathogenesis that distinguishes type I (endometrioid, mucinous, clear cell and low grade @entity3 ) from @entity5 (high grade @entity3 and @entity6 ) @entity1 has become widely accepted. METHODS: A cohort of 562 @entity0 with invasive @entity2 from a large community hospital practice was reviewed. Cell type, FIGO stage, mortality and interpathologist diagnostic reproducibility were analyzed. RESULTS: @entity2 were @entity5 in 86% of cases while low stage @entity1 were most often type I. Only 1.7% of @entity1 were confirmed to be stage I with comprehensive surgical staging. @entity1 accounted for 85% of deaths, and @entity4 , 5% of deaths. Cell type-specific case-fatality ratios for @entity1 were 62% and 79% for high grade @entity3 and @entity6 , respectively. For type I @entity1 , case-fatality ratios were 38%, 36%, 27% and 13% for low grade serous, clear cell, endometrioid and @entity3 , respectively. The kappa value for diagnostic reproducibility among 3 gynecologic pathologists was 0.83. CONCLUSIONS: Current diagnostic criteria confirm that high grade @entity3 and @entity6 account for the vast majority (85%) of @entity2 deaths. Cell type designation is highly reproducible among gynecologic pathologists. @entity1 are rarely stage I (<2%) when comprehensively staged by a gynecologic oncologist.

title: Distribution and case-fatality ratios by cell-type for @entity2 : A 22-year series of 562 XXXX with uniform current histological classification.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated @entity5 affects small vessels in the kidney (i.e., arterioles, glomerular or peritubular capillaries, or venules). Although crescentic @entity4 is a common histological finding, the incidence of peritubular capillaritis (PTC) or @entity7 is unclear. Moreover, the laboratory data that reflect the degree of @entity1 and distinguish between PTC and @entity7 have not yet been clarified. METHODS: We investigated laboratory data and histological findings from 11 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity8 (2 @entity0 and 9 @entity0 , mean age 70.3      3.3  years) whose renal biopsies were performed between 2009 and 2014. RESULTS: All @entity0 were positive for @entity6 ( @entity6 )-ANCA. PTC or @entity7 was detected in six @entity0 (54.5  %), respectively. The only significant positive relationship between laboratory data and histological findings observed was that between levels of urinary a1 microglobulin (u-a1MG) excretion and the percentage of @entity3 and @entity2 (r  =  0.67, p  =  0.035). No significant differences in laboratory data were found between @entity0 with or without @entity7 . However, the levels of u-a1MG excretion were significantly higher in @entity0 with PTC than in those without PTC (75.2      19.5 vs. 15.0      3.6  mg/dl, p  =  0.035). CONCLUSION: PTC or @entity7 occurs at a high rate independently of crescentic @entity4 in @entity8 @entity0 . The levels of u-a1MG excretion reflect the degrees of @entity3 and @entity2 . Moreover, high levels of u-a1MG excretion suggest that PTC is more likely than @entity7 in @entity8 @entity0 .

title: The level of urinary a1 microglobulin excretion is a useful marker of peritubular capillaritis in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody associated XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) can be difficult to detect using CT due to poor and heterogeneous contrast. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) allows @entity3 contrast optimization using noise-optimized monoenergetic extrapolations (MEIs) and @entity3 maps (IMs). Our aim was to assess whether MEI and IM could improve the delineation of @entity1 material within @entity3 -enhanced blood compared to single-energy CT (SECT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six vessel phantoms, including @entity0 @entity1 and contrast media-enhanced blood and one phantom without contrast, were placed in an attenuation phantom and scanned with @entity4 100/140  kV and SECT 120  kV. IM, virtual non-contrast images (VNC), mixed images, and MEI were calculated. Attenuation of thrombi and blood were measured. Contrast and contrast-to-noise-ratios (CNRs) were calculated and compared among IM, VNC, mixed images, MEI, and SECT using paired t tests. RESULTS: MEI40keV and IM showed significantly higher contrast and CNR than SE120kV from high to intermediate @entity3 concentrations (contrast:pMEI40keV   <   0.002,pIM   <   0.005;CNR:pMEI40keV   <   0.002,pIM   <   0.004). At low @entity3 concentrations, MEI190keV and VNC images showed significantly higher contrast and CNR than SE120kV with inverted contrasts (contrast:pMEI190keV   <   0.008,pVNC   <   0.002;CNR:pMEI190keV   <   0.003,pVNC   <   0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Noise-optimized MEI and IM provide significantly higher contrast and CNR in the delineation of @entity1 compared to SECT, which may facilitate the detection of @entity2 in difficult cases. KEY POINTS:     Poor contrast makes it difficult to detect @entity1 in CT.     Dual-energy-CT allows contrast optimization using monoenergetic extrapolations (MEI) and @entity3 maps (IM).     Noise-optimized-MEI and IM are significantly superior to single-energy-CT in delineation of @entity1 .     Noise-optimized-MEI and IM may facilitate the detection of deep vein @entity1 .

title: Noise-optimized virtual monoenergetic images and @entity3 maps for the detection of venous thrombosis in second-generation dual-energy CT ( XXXX ): an ex vivo phantom study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) can be difficult to detect using CT due to poor and heterogeneous contrast. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) allows @entity3 contrast optimization using noise-optimized monoenergetic extrapolations (MEIs) and @entity3 maps (IMs). Our aim was to assess whether MEI and IM could improve the delineation of @entity1 material within @entity3 -enhanced blood compared to single-energy CT (SECT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six vessel phantoms, including @entity0 @entity1 and contrast media-enhanced blood and one phantom without contrast, were placed in an attenuation phantom and scanned with @entity4 100/140  kV and SECT 120  kV. IM, virtual non-contrast images (VNC), mixed images, and MEI were calculated. Attenuation of thrombi and blood were measured. Contrast and contrast-to-noise-ratios (CNRs) were calculated and compared among IM, VNC, mixed images, MEI, and SECT using paired t tests. RESULTS: MEI40keV and IM showed significantly higher contrast and CNR than SE120kV from high to intermediate @entity3 concentrations (contrast:pMEI40keV   <   0.002,pIM   <   0.005;CNR:pMEI40keV   <   0.002,pIM   <   0.004). At low @entity3 concentrations, MEI190keV and VNC images showed significantly higher contrast and CNR than SE120kV with inverted contrasts (contrast:pMEI190keV   <   0.008,pVNC   <   0.002;CNR:pMEI190keV   <   0.003,pVNC   <   0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Noise-optimized MEI and IM provide significantly higher contrast and CNR in the delineation of @entity1 compared to SECT, which may facilitate the detection of @entity2 in difficult cases. KEY POINTS:     Poor contrast makes it difficult to detect @entity1 in CT.     Dual-energy-CT allows contrast optimization using monoenergetic extrapolations (MEI) and @entity3 maps (IM).     Noise-optimized-MEI and IM are significantly superior to single-energy-CT in delineation of @entity1 .     Noise-optimized-MEI and IM may facilitate the detection of deep vein @entity1 .

title: Noise-optimized virtual monoenergetic images and XXXX maps for the detection of venous thrombosis in second-generation dual-energy CT ( @entity4 ): an ex vivo phantom study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite the favorable prognosis of stage IA @entity4 ( @entity4 ), the disease recurs after complete surgical resection in 20%-30% of @entity0 . This study determined the prognostic value of various metabolic parameters of @entity3 PET/CT in surgically resected stage IA @entity4 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 248 @entity0 with stage IA @entity4 who underwent lobectomy and complete lymph node dissection after PET/CT. A region of interest was drawn on the @entity2 , and metabolic indices such as @entity1 volume, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were measured using an SUV cutoff of 2.5. RESULTS: The @entity0 included 134 @entity0 and 114 @entity0 , and the mean age was 63.03    10.01 y; 129 were stage T1a ( <=2 cm) and 119 were T1b (>2 cm). The median follow-up period was 36.6 mo. Recurrence took place in 15 @entity0 . The mean (  SD) SUVmax, @entity1 volume, and TLG were 4.55    3.75, 5.92    5.57, and 14.42    17.35, respectively. The cutoffs of SUVmax and TLG were 3.7 and 13.76, respectively. The 5-y @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was 95.1% in low-SUVmax @entity0 and 82.2% in high-SUVmax @entity0 (P = 0.02). The 5-y @entity5 was 93.7% in low-TLG @entity0 and 78.3% in high-TLG @entity0 (P = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, TLG was a risk factor for @entity5 (hazard ratio, 3.159; P = 0.040), but SUVmax showed marginal significance (P = 0.064). The concordance index of the TLG model was 0.676 (95% CI, 0.541-0.812). CONCLUSION: TLG was a significant prognostic factor for @entity5 in @entity0 with stage IA @entity4 .

title: Prognostic Value of Total Lesion Glycolysis by @entity3 PET/CT in Surgically Resected Stage IA XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Despite the favorable prognosis of stage IA @entity4 ( @entity4 ), the disease recurs after complete surgical resection in 20%-30% of @entity0 . This study determined the prognostic value of various metabolic parameters of @entity3 PET/CT in surgically resected stage IA @entity4 . METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 248 @entity0 with stage IA @entity4 who underwent lobectomy and complete lymph node dissection after PET/CT. A region of interest was drawn on the @entity2 , and metabolic indices such as @entity1 volume, maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were measured using an SUV cutoff of 2.5. RESULTS: The @entity0 included 134 @entity0 and 114 @entity0 , and the mean age was 63.03    10.01 y; 129 were stage T1a ( <=2 cm) and 119 were T1b (>2 cm). The median follow-up period was 36.6 mo. Recurrence took place in 15 @entity0 . The mean (  SD) SUVmax, @entity1 volume, and TLG were 4.55    3.75, 5.92    5.57, and 14.42    17.35, respectively. The cutoffs of SUVmax and TLG were 3.7 and 13.76, respectively. The 5-y @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was 95.1% in low-SUVmax @entity0 and 82.2% in high-SUVmax @entity0 (P = 0.02). The 5-y @entity5 was 93.7% in low-TLG @entity0 and 78.3% in high-TLG @entity0 (P = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, TLG was a risk factor for @entity5 (hazard ratio, 3.159; P = 0.040), but SUVmax showed marginal significance (P = 0.064). The concordance index of the TLG model was 0.676 (95% CI, 0.541-0.812). CONCLUSION: TLG was a significant prognostic factor for @entity5 in @entity0 with stage IA @entity4 .

title: Prognostic Value of Total Lesion Glycolysis by XXXX PET/CT in Surgically Resected Stage IA @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hypercapnia produces a profound effect on respiratory drive and upper airway function to maintain airway patency. Previous work has evaluated the effects of @entity2 on the sole arytenoid abductor, the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA), using indirect measures of function such as electromyography and direct nerve recording. Here we describe a novel method to evaluate laryngeal function in anesthetized animals and use this method to determine the effects of @entity2 on PCA function. Eight @entity0 were anesthetized and a laryngeal mask airway used in combination with high speed video endoscopy to evaluate laryngeal function. A stepwise increase in inspired partial pressure of @entity1 produced marked arytenoid abduction above 70mmHg ETCO2 (p<0.001). Glottic length increased above 80mmHg ETCO2 (p<0.02) and this lead to under representation of changes in glottic area if standard measures of glottic area (Normalized Glottic Gap Area, NGGA) were used. Use of a known scale to determine absolute glottic area demonstrated no plateau with increasing ETCO2 up to 120mmHg. Ventilatory parameters also continued to increase with no evidence of a maximal response. In a second anesthetic episode, repeated bursts of transient @entity2 for 60 seconds with an end tidal CO2 of 90mmHg produced a 43-55% increase in glottic area (p<0.001) at or shortly after the end of the hypercapnic burst. A laryngeal mask airway can be used in combination with video endoscopy to precisely determine changes in laryngeal function with high temporal resolution. Absolute glottic area more precisely represents PCA function than NGGA at moderate levels of @entity2 .

title: Effect of Inhaled XXXX on Laryngeal Abduction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 of the pancreas are increasingly recognized due to the widespread use of modern abdominal imaging technologies. The majority of these lesions display @entity8 . In contrast to @entity7 , it is well established that mucinous @entity1 of the pancreas exhibit a significant potential for @entity1 over time. Among mucinous @entity1 , the most frequently observed entity is @entity3 ( @entity5 ). IPMNs are characterized by cystic dilation of pancreatic ducts and the production of mucus and by an @entity4 sequence eventually culminating in invasive @entity2 in some @entity0 . Due to the high risk of harboring malignancy, there is international consensus that IPMNs with involvement of the main pancreatic duct should be recommended for surgical resection. To date, the indication for surgery of branch-duct IPMNs is controversially discussed because of the overall lower risk of @entity1 compared to main-duct IPMNs. Particularly for small and asymptomatic side-branch IPMNs, the indication for surgical resection remains challenging. In addition to the international consensus guidelines, a number of potential preoperative features predicting @entity1 have been discussed recently. Moreover, novel surgical pancreatic parenchyma-sparing techniques such as enucleations or segmental pancreatic resections have been reported in order to treat IPMNs. The present article aims to demonstrate the current scientific knowledge in this field and to highlight the current controversy.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: XXXX - where is the challenge?

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The ocular surface consists of the @entity2 , conjunctiva, and the limbus that is located in the transitional zone between the @entity2 and conjunctiva. The corneal epithelial cells are generated through the mitosis of corneal epithelial stem cells in the limbus. This study investigated a @entity1 @entity4 model prepared by the surgical @entity4 , which express cytokeratin 12 ( @entity8 ). After the surgery, @entity7 -expressing conjunctival epithelium migrated onto the corneal surface and completely covered the surface, leading to neovascularization and corneal opacification. However, at 24 and 48 weeks after the surgery, @entity8 -expressing @entity2 -like cells reappeared on the model ocular surface. These cells formed an island surrounded by invaded conjunctiva and were isolated from the limbus. Interestingly, in the 24-week model surface, a1(IV) and a2(IV) collagen chains, which are normally found in the basement membrane of the native limbus and conjunctiva, and not in the @entity2 , were continuously deposited throughout the entire basement membrane, including the basement membrane under @entity2 -like cells. By contrast, in the 48-week model surface, a1(IV) and a2(IV) collagen chains were absent from the basement membrane beneath the central part of @entity2 -like cells and were localized below the invaded conjunctiva and the transitional zone between @entity2 -like cells and the invaded conjunctiva, which had similar distribution to the native ocular basement membrane. Moreover, @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity3 , and a1(IV) and a2(IV) collagen chains, which are colocalized in the native limbus, were all present at the transitional zone of the 48-week model surface. Therefore, a limbus-like structure appeared to be reconstructed on the surface of the 48-week model as a stem cell niche. This study should aid in the understanding of @entity0 @entity4 , the correlation between the epithelial cell phenotype and the composition of the basement membrane, and the epithelial stem cell niche.Laboratory Investigation advance online publication, 22 December 2014; doi:10.1038/labinvest.2014.146.

title: Remodeling of epithelial cells and basement membranes in a XXXX model with long-term follow-up.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: This study investigated the overall and histology subtype-specific results of antiangiogenic agents combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone for the first-line treatment of advanced @entity9 ( @entity9 ). METHODS: Literature retrieval, trial selection, data collection, and statistical analysis were performed according to the Cochrane Handbook. The outcome measures were @entity1 response rate, @entity11 ( @entity11 ), @entity11 ( @entity11 ), and adverse effects. RESULTS: 13 randomized controlled trials comprising 5,451 @entity0 were included. The meta-analysis showed a higher response rate (risk ratio (RR) 0.63, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53-0.74) and a significantly prolonged @entity11 (hazard ratio (HR) 0.75, 95% CI 0.66-0.85) and @entity11 (HR 0.92, 95% CI 0.86-0.98) in the groups combining antiangiogenic agents with chemotherapy versus the chemotherapy alone groups. In the histology subgroup analysis, treatment with antiangiogenic agents plus chemotherapy significantly improved the RR, @entity11 , and @entity11 as compared with the chemotherapy groups in @entity0 with nonsquamous @entity9 , but not in those with squamous @entity9 . The risk of grade 3/4 @entity8 , @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity13 , @entity4 , @entity10 , @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity12 was significantly increased in the antiangiogenic agent combination groups as compared with the chemotherapy groups. CONCLUSION: The use of antiangiogenic agents in addition to chemotherapy is a valid option for the first-line treatment of advanced @entity9 . The benefit is restricted to @entity0 with @entity1 .    2014 S. Karger AG, Freiburg.

title: Antiangiogenic agents combined with chemotherapy in the first-line treatment of advanced XXXX : overall and histology subgroup-specific meta-analysis.

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity3 , the main cause of @entity2 in @entity1 ( @entity1 ), is efficiently treated by bladder training with ultrasound control of the residual urine. However, the beneficial effects of bladder training in the hospital are often lost within a short time when the @entity0 returns to his home. Reexamination at home of 97 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity2 showed that the group which claimed to continue bladder training at home had significantly less residual urine at home than the group which did not continue bladder training at home. The residual urine decreased from 210 ml on average to almost normal while the @entity0 did bladder training in the hospital, but the volume nearly doubled within a short time at home. Thus, more decentralized rehabilitation by family members, volunteer personnel or local nurses is necessary. Decentralized symptomatic therapy is the most efficient treatment of @entity1 at present. Family members. volunteers, and local nurses, however, need training. Without these improvements in decentralized rehabilitation the hospital treatment of @entity1 is of little benefit because urinary tract infection quickly recurs at home. For efficient bladder training the @entity0 needs feedback regarding the residual urine; this can be provided with minimum risk by ultrasound sonocystography. In those rare cases in which bladder training does not work, intermittent catheterization must be carried out by the @entity0 or their families, volunteer personnel or a local nurse. A continuous indwelling catheter should not be used. antibiotic treatment should be applied only on the basis of a precise bacteriological diagnosis.

title: Treatment of neurogenic @entity3 in XXXX by ultrasound-controlled bladder training.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 , the main cause of @entity2 in @entity1 ( @entity1 ), is efficiently treated by bladder training with ultrasound control of the residual urine. However, the beneficial effects of bladder training in the hospital are often lost within a short time when the @entity0 returns to his home. Reexamination at home of 97 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity2 showed that the group which claimed to continue bladder training at home had significantly less residual urine at home than the group which did not continue bladder training at home. The residual urine decreased from 210 ml on average to almost normal while the @entity0 did bladder training in the hospital, but the volume nearly doubled within a short time at home. Thus, more decentralized rehabilitation by family members, volunteer personnel or local nurses is necessary. Decentralized symptomatic therapy is the most efficient treatment of @entity1 at present. Family members. volunteers, and local nurses, however, need training. Without these improvements in decentralized rehabilitation the hospital treatment of @entity1 is of little benefit because urinary tract infection quickly recurs at home. For efficient bladder training the @entity0 needs feedback regarding the residual urine; this can be provided with minimum risk by ultrasound sonocystography. In those rare cases in which bladder training does not work, intermittent catheterization must be carried out by the @entity0 or their families, volunteer personnel or a local nurse. A continuous indwelling catheter should not be used. antibiotic treatment should be applied only on the basis of a precise bacteriological diagnosis.

title: Treatment of neurogenic XXXX in @entity1 by ultrasound-controlled bladder training.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Active brain stimulation to abate @entity1 has shown mixed success. In spike-wave (SW) @entity2 , where the @entity2 and background state were proposed to coexist, single-pulse stimulations have been suggested to be able to terminate the @entity2 prematurely. However, several factors can impact success in such a bistable setting. The factors contributing to this have not been fully investigated on a theoretical and mechanistic basis. Our aim is to elucidate mechanisms that influence the success of single-pulse stimulation in noise-induced @entity2 . In this work, we study a neural population model of @entity2 that allows the reconstruction of the basin of attraction of the background activity as a four dimensional geometric object. For the deterministic (noise-free) case, we show how the success of response to stimuli depends on the amplitude and phase of the SW cycle, in addition to the direction of the stimulus in state space. In the case of spontaneous noise-induced @entity2 , the basin becomes probabilistic introducing some degree of uncertainty to the stimulation outcome while maintaining qualitative features of the noise-free case. Additionally, due to the different time scales involved in SW generation, there is substantial variation between SW cycles, implying that there may not be a fixed set of optimal stimulation parameters for @entity2 . In contrast, the model suggests an adaptive approach to find optimal stimulation parameters @entity0 -specifically, based on real-time estimation of the position in state space. We discuss how the modelling work can be exploited to rationally design a successful stimulation protocol for the abatement of @entity2 using real-time SW detection.

title: A computational study of stimulus driven XXXX abatement.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The compound MH-78 ((+/-)-1-(2,6-dimethylphenoxy)-3-{4-[2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl]-piperazin-1-yl}propan-2-ol dihydrochloride) contains structural elements that are typical for a1- and b-blockers. This study aimed to investigate the @entity2 activity as well as the in vitro and in vivo cardiovascular effects of a novel a1- and b-adrenoceptor antagonist (MH-78) and compare it with @entity4 and @entity5 . The procedures were performed on aortic rings of normotensive anesthetized @entity0 . MH-78 decreased the blood pressure and heart rate after intravenous and oral administration. MH-78 possesses both a1- and b-adrenoceptor blocking activity, which was confirmed in the in vivo study. In biofunctional assays, MH-78 displayed vasorelaxant activity due to a1-adrenoceptor antagonism and @entity1 channel blocking properties. Moreover, in endothelium-intact aortic rings, pretreatment with N  -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and @entity6 (ODQ) reduced the MH-78-induced vasorelaxation to a level that is characteristic for MH-78 affinity to a1-adrenoceptors. Our results demonstrated that MH-78 possesses a1- and b-adrenoceptor blocking properties and induces potent @entity2 and vasorelaxant effects. Moreover, it relaxes vascular smooth muscle not only due to a1-adrenoceptor blocking activity, but also via the endothelium-dependent @entity3 /soluble guanylyl cyclase/cyclic guanosine monophosphate signalling pathway.    2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: The XXXX /Soluble Cyclic Guanylase/Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Pathway Is Involved in the Cardiovascular Effects of a Novel a1- and b-Adrenoceptor Antagonist.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Stenting of the biliary tree is a common palliative procedure to relieve @entity8 in @entity7 . Although effective in relief of @entity3 and @entity6 , little information is available on predictive factors for survival post-procedure. This retrospective study sought to assess factors influencing post-procedure survival in @entity1 @entity0 after biliary stenting. METHODS: Case notes of all @entity0 from a regional academic @entity1 center, who underwent biliary stenting for @entity8 related to @entity1 during 2008 and 2009 were reviewed. We collected epidemiological, biochemical, treatment and survival data on all @entity0 . We used Kaplan-Meyer analysis to assess survival from day of first biliary stenting (adjusted for @entity1 types), and the @entity5 proportional hazards model for univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-four @entity0 were included in the final analysis. Most cases were related to @entity4 or @entity2 (89 and 46 cases respectively). Median survival for all @entity0 was 143 days. In multivariate analysis serum albumin >= 34 g/L at the time of procedure (hazard ratio 0.573; 95% confidence interval 0.424-0.773, P<0.001) and chemotherapy post-stent (hazard ratio 0.636; 95% confidence interval 0.455-0.889, P=0.008) were two independent prognostic factors predicting a better survival post-stenting. The 30 day mortality post-procedure in the 194 @entity0 was 12%. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that stenting of the biliary tree in cases of @entity1 allows durable @entity6 even in cases where further active chemotherapy treatment is not possible. However, the better outcome observed in @entity0 with albumin >= 34 g/L and those receiving chemotherapy post-stent requires further validation.

title: Biliary stenting in XXXX : an analysis of predictive factors for survival.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Objectives. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy and safety of S-1-based therapy (SBT) versus @entity8 -based therapy (FBT) for advanced @entity1 (ACRC). Methods. A meta-analysis of all eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed using RevMan 5.1.0 software. Results. A total of 1625 @entity0 from twelve RCTs including 820 @entity0 in the SBT group and 805 @entity0 in the FBT group were available for analysis. The meta-analysis of overall survival (hazards ratio HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.80-1.10), progression-free survival (HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.91-1.18), and overall response rate (odds ratio OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.00-1.53) showed no statistical significance between SBT group and FBT group. The statistically significant differences in the meta-analysis indicated less incidence of graded 3-4 @entity7 (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.35-0.68) and @entity3 /vomit (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.23-0.72) in the SBT group, and there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of grade 3-4 @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity2 , and treatment-related deaths between two groups. Conclusions. SBT had similar efficacy and better safety than FBT and was an attractive alternative to FBT for @entity0 of ACRC, but further investigations in different populations would be needed to confirm it.

title: Effectiveness and safety of s-1-based therapy compared with @entity8 -based therapy for advanced XXXX : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Objectives. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy and safety of S-1-based therapy (SBT) versus @entity8 -based therapy (FBT) for advanced @entity1 (ACRC). Methods. A meta-analysis of all eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed using RevMan 5.1.0 software. Results. A total of 1625 @entity0 from twelve RCTs including 820 @entity0 in the SBT group and 805 @entity0 in the FBT group were available for analysis. The meta-analysis of overall survival (hazards ratio HR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.80-1.10), progression-free survival (HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.91-1.18), and overall response rate (odds ratio OR = 1.23, 95% CI = 1.00-1.53) showed no statistical significance between SBT group and FBT group. The statistically significant differences in the meta-analysis indicated less incidence of graded 3-4 @entity7 (OR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.35-0.68) and @entity3 /vomit (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.23-0.72) in the SBT group, and there was no statistically significant difference in the incidence of grade 3-4 @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity2 , and treatment-related deaths between two groups. Conclusions. SBT had similar efficacy and better safety than FBT and was an attractive alternative to FBT for @entity0 of ACRC, but further investigations in different populations would be needed to confirm it.

title: Effectiveness and safety of s-1-based therapy compared with XXXX -based therapy for advanced @entity1 : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of intraocular delivery of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) using an encapsulated cell implant for the treatment of macular @entity2 type 2. DESIGN: An open-label safety trial conducted in 2 centers enrolling 7 @entity0 with macular @entity2 type 2. METHODS: The @entity0 's more severely affected eye (worse baseline visual acuity) received the high-dose implant of @entity1 . @entity0 were followed for a period of 36  months. The primary safety outcome was a change in the parameters of the electroretinogram (ERG). Secondary efficacy outcomes were changes in visual acuity, en face measurements of the optical coherence tomography of the disruption in the ellipsoid zone, and microperimetry when compared with baseline. RESULTS: The ERG findings demonstrated a reduction in the amplitude of the scotopic b-wave in 4 @entity0 3  months after implantation (month 3). All parameters returned to baseline values by month 12 and remained so at month 36 with no clinical impact on dark adaptation. There was no change in visual acuity compared with baseline. The area of the defect as measured functionally by microperimetry and structurally by the en face OCT imaging of the ellipsoid zone loss appeared unchanged from baseline. CONCLUSIONS: The intraocular delivery of @entity1 in the encapsulated cell implant appeared to be safe and well tolerated in eyes with macular @entity2 type 2. Further evaluation in a randomized controlled clinical trial is warranted to test for efficacy.

title: XXXX for macular @entity2 type 2: results from a phase 1 safety trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and tolerability of intraocular delivery of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) using an encapsulated cell implant for the treatment of macular @entity2 type 2. DESIGN: An open-label safety trial conducted in 2 centers enrolling 7 @entity0 with macular @entity2 type 2. METHODS: The @entity0 's more severely affected eye (worse baseline visual acuity) received the high-dose implant of @entity1 . @entity0 were followed for a period of 36  months. The primary safety outcome was a change in the parameters of the electroretinogram (ERG). Secondary efficacy outcomes were changes in visual acuity, en face measurements of the optical coherence tomography of the disruption in the ellipsoid zone, and microperimetry when compared with baseline. RESULTS: The ERG findings demonstrated a reduction in the amplitude of the scotopic b-wave in 4 @entity0 3  months after implantation (month 3). All parameters returned to baseline values by month 12 and remained so at month 36 with no clinical impact on dark adaptation. There was no change in visual acuity compared with baseline. The area of the defect as measured functionally by microperimetry and structurally by the en face OCT imaging of the ellipsoid zone loss appeared unchanged from baseline. CONCLUSIONS: The intraocular delivery of @entity1 in the encapsulated cell implant appeared to be safe and well tolerated in eyes with macular @entity2 type 2. Further evaluation in a randomized controlled clinical trial is warranted to test for efficacy.

title: @entity1 for macular XXXX type 2: results from a phase 1 safety trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Plasma @entity3 ( @entity4 ) is a modifiable, independent risk factor for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and is affected by both environmental and genetic factors. This study aimed to describe the gender- and age-specific distribution of Hcy concentration for 1117 subjects aged 10-66 years, a subset of a community-based rural Chinese twin cohort. In addition, we examined environmental and genetic contributions to variances in Hcy concentration by gender and age groups. We found that the distribution pattern for Hcy varied by both age and gender. Males had higher Hcy than females across all ages. Elevated Hcy was found in 43% of male adults and 13% of female adults. Moreover, nearly one fifth of @entity0 had elevated Hcy. Genetic factors could explain 52%, 36% and 69% of the variation in Hcy concentration among @entity0 , male adults and female adults, respectively. The @entity5 @entity6 variant was significantly associated with Hcy concentrations. Smokers with the TT genotype had the highest Hcy levels. Overall, our results indicate that elevated Hcy is prevalent in the @entity0 and adults in this rural Chinese population. The early identification of elevated Hcy will offer a window of opportunity for the primary prevention of @entity1 and @entity2 .

title: Distribution and Determinants of Plasma XXXX Levels in Rural Chinese Twins across the Lifespan.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) occurs in up to 20% of monochorionic pregnancies treated with laser for @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We aimed to determine independent factors associated with @entity2 , to improve outcome in future care. METHODS: A case control study was performed. Data on ultrasound, laser surgery and outcome of all twin pregnancies treated for @entity3 between 2007 and 2013 were retrieved from our monochorionic twin database. We analyzed cases of @entity2 of donor and recipient twins separately, and compared them with treated pregnancies with two live-births. RESULTS: Out of 273 @entity3 pregnancies treated with laser, @entity2 occurred in 30 donors (11%) and 27 recipients (10%). In 67% @entity2 occurred within a week after laser. In donors, absent/reversed end diastolic flow in the umbilical artery (OR 3, 95% CI 1.1-8) was the strongest predictor, followed by the presence of an arterio-arterial @entity0 (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.4-13.1) and estimated fetal weight discordance (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.0-1.1). In recipients, predictors were absent/reversed A-wave in the ductus venosus (OR 4.2, 95% CI 5.2-17) and the absence of recipient-to-donor arterio-venous anastomoses (OR 31, 95% CI 2.5-392.5). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings confirm earlier reports suggesting that @entity1 is associated with @entity2 after laser for @entity3 . The association with type of anastomoses on @entity2 is a new finding. We speculate that the type of anastomoses determines the degree of hemodynamic changes during laser therapy. Future strategies should aim to stabilize fetal circulation before laser, to decrease the vulnerability for acute pre- and afterload changes.

title: Prediction of single fetal demise after laser therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only curative treatment in @entity0 with higher risk @entity3 ( @entity3 ), but the choice of the optimal alternative stem cell source is still a subject of debate in @entity0 lacking an HLA-matched sibling donor. Here, we report on a large series of @entity0 with @entity3 (N  =  631) transplanted either with mobilized peripheral stem cells (PBs) from unrelated donors (n  =  502) or with umbilical cord blood transplant (UCB, n  =  129) as alternative grafts after reduced-intensity conditioning. Neutrophil engraftment was higher after PB (98% versus 78%, P  <  .0001). @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was similar after PB (31%) and UCB (29%), and chronic @entity2 incidence was higher after PB (41% versus 23%). Two-year nonrelapse mortality was lower after PB (31% versus 42% P  =  .03). There was a better @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and disease-free survival (DFS) after PB (49%      2% versus 30%      4%, P  <  .0001 and 44%      2% versus 28%      4%, P  <  .0001). Multivariate analysis confirmed the advantage of PB for treatment-related mortality, @entity1 , and DFS, whereas relative risk of chronic @entity2 was similar. A multivariate analysis comparing PB from a 10/10 HLA-matched donor, PB from a 9/10 HLA-matched donor, and UCB showed an advantage on treatment-related mortality, DFS, and @entity1 only in 10/10  PB. We conclude that in @entity3 @entity0 lacking an HLA-matched sibling donor, PB from a 10/10 HLA-matched unrelated donor is the preferred source of hematopoietic stem cells. HLA-mismatched unrelated donor or cord blood seem to give similar inferior results except for neutrophil engraftment, which is delayed after UCB.

title: Comparison of Unrelated Cord Blood and Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation in Adults with XXXX after Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Regimen: A Collaborative Study from Eurocord (Cord blood Committee of Cellular Therapy _ Immunobiology Working Party of EBMT) and Chronic Malignancies Working Party.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In vivo transcriptional analyses of microbial pathogens are often hampered by low proportions of pathogen biomass in host organs, hindering the coverage of full pathogen transcriptome. We aimed to address the transcriptome profiles of @entity4 , the most prevalent fungal pathogen in systemically infected immunocompromised @entity0 , during @entity3 in different hosts. We developed a strategy for high-resolution quantitative analysis of the @entity4 transcriptome directly from early and late stages of @entity3 in two different host models, @entity1 and the insect Galleria mellonella. Our results show that transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) libraries were enriched for fungal transcripts up to 1,600-fold using biotinylated bait probes to capture @entity4 sequences. This enrichment biased the read counts of only ~3% of the genes, which can be identified and removed based on a priori criteria. This allowed an unprecedented resolution of @entity4 transcriptome in vivo, with detection of over 86% of its genes. The transcriptional response of the fungus was surprisingly similar during @entity3 of the two hosts and at the two time points, although some host- and time point-specific genes could be identified. Genes that were highly induced during @entity3 were involved, for instance, in stress response, adhesion, @entity2 acquisition, and biofilm formation. Of the in vivo-regulated genes, 10% are still of unknown function, and their future study will be of great interest. The fungal RNA enrichment procedure used here will help a better characterization of the @entity4 response in infected hosts and may be applied to other microbial pathogens. IMPORTANCE: Understanding the mechanisms utilized by pathogens to infect and cause disease in their hosts is crucial for rational drug development. Transcriptomic studies may help investigations of these mechanisms by determining which genes are expressed specifically during @entity3 . This task has been difficult so far, since the proportion of microbial biomass in infected tissues is often extremely low, thus limiting the depth of sequencing and comprehensive transcriptome analysis. Here, we adapted a technology to capture and enrich @entity4 RNA, which was next used for deep RNA sequencing directly from infected tissues from two different host organisms. The high-resolution transcriptome revealed a large number of genes that were so far unknown to participate in @entity3 , which will likely constitute a focus of study in the future. More importantly, this method may be adapted to perform transcript profiling of any other microbes during host @entity3 or colonization.

title: RNA Enrichment Method for Quantitative Transcriptional Analysis of Pathogens In Vivo Applied to the Fungus XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate rates and type of definitive surgical interventions for @entity4 in Swedish @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) compared to the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This national prospective cohort study linked data from Swedish population and healthcare registries. Incidence rates and interventions for @entity4 during follow-up in @entity0 with @entity3 were compared to general population comparator (GPC) subjects. RESULTS: In total, 8572 @entity3 @entity0 were followed for 49,959 @entity0 -years and 39,639 matched GPCs were followed for 225,221 @entity0 -years. Mean age at study entry was 46 years [interquartile range (IQR) 36-56 years] and 65% were male. In @entity3 @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity4 during the study period, 29% (72/250) underwent similar intervention for @entity4 compared to 24% (114/466) GPCs (p = 0.21). The incidence rate ratio (RR) in overall @entity3 @entity0 was 2.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1-3.8] during a median follow-up of 6.2 years (IQR 3.2-8.6 years). With prior diagnosis of @entity4 , the RR for @entity3 @entity0 compared to GPCs was 3.7 (95% CI 1.8-7.7); without prior @entity4 the RR was 2.1 (95% CI 1.5-3.0). Increasing age [odds ratio (OR) 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03], prior @entity4 diagnosis (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.97-5.62) and @entity1 (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.03-3.91) were identified as predictors of intervention for @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity3 have an almost three-fold increased risk of surgical intervention for @entity2 , with similar management, compared to the general population.

title: Surgical interventions for @entity4 in XXXX and the general population.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate rates and type of definitive surgical interventions for @entity4 in Swedish @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) compared to the general population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This national prospective cohort study linked data from Swedish population and healthcare registries. Incidence rates and interventions for @entity4 during follow-up in @entity0 with @entity3 were compared to general population comparator (GPC) subjects. RESULTS: In total, 8572 @entity3 @entity0 were followed for 49,959 @entity0 -years and 39,639 matched GPCs were followed for 225,221 @entity0 -years. Mean age at study entry was 46 years [interquartile range (IQR) 36-56 years] and 65% were male. In @entity3 @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity4 during the study period, 29% (72/250) underwent similar intervention for @entity4 compared to 24% (114/466) GPCs (p = 0.21). The incidence rate ratio (RR) in overall @entity3 @entity0 was 2.9 [95% confidence interval (CI) 2.1-3.8] during a median follow-up of 6.2 years (IQR 3.2-8.6 years). With prior diagnosis of @entity4 , the RR for @entity3 @entity0 compared to GPCs was 3.7 (95% CI 1.8-7.7); without prior @entity4 the RR was 2.1 (95% CI 1.5-3.0). Increasing age [odds ratio (OR) 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03], prior @entity4 diagnosis (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.97-5.62) and @entity1 (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.03-3.91) were identified as predictors of intervention for @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity3 have an almost three-fold increased risk of surgical intervention for @entity2 , with similar management, compared to the general population.

title: Surgical interventions for XXXX in @entity3 and the general population.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify @entity0 factors and health care utilization patterns associated with dose escalation during the first year of long-term opioid therapy for @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study using electronic health record data. SETTING: University health system. SUBJECTS: Opioid na  ve adults with @entity2 who received a new outpatient opioid prescription between July 1, 2011 and June 30, 2012 and stayed on opioids for 1 year. METHODS: Mixed-effects regression was used to estimate @entity0 ' rate of opioid dose escalation. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and health care utilization for @entity0 with and without dose escalation were compared. RESULTS: Twenty-three (9%) of 246 @entity0 in the final cohort experienced dose escalation (defined as an increase in mean daily opioid dose of >= 30-mg morphine equivalents over 1 year). Compared with @entity0 without dose escalation, @entity0 with escalation had higher rates of substance use diagnoses (17% vs 1%, P   =   0.01) and more total outpatient encounters (51 vs 35, P   =   0.002) over 1 year. Differences in outpatient encounters were largely due to more non face-to-face encounters (e.g., telephone calls, emails) among @entity0 with dose escalation. Differences in age, race, concurrent benzodiazepine use, and mental health diagnoses between @entity0 with and without dose escalation were not statistically significant. Primary care clinicians prescribed 89% of opioid prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS: Dose escalation during the first year of long-term opioid therapy is associated with higher rates of substance use disorders and more frequent outpatient encounters, especially non face-to-face encounters.

title: Dose Escalation During the First Year of Long-Term Opioid Therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that completely edentulous @entity0 harbour fewer periodontopathic bacteria compared with dentate @entity0 , due to the removal of the subgingival periodontal environment. However, reappearance of certain microbes has been reported after the placement of implants in these @entity0 . AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether the periodontopathic bacteria @entity3 and @entity4 , as well as the non-periodontopathic bacterium, @entity2 , emerged in edentulous @entity0 6  months after placement of one-piece zirconia and titanium implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity0 were included in the study (titanium  =  13, zirconia  =  13). Microbial samples were collected from the tongue prior to implant placement and 6  months after implant placement from both the tongue and from around the implants. A qRT-PCR assay using SYBR green/ROX chemistry was used for the detection and quantification of rgp, @entity5 and karilysin single-copy gene of @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity2 , respectively. Positive controls used in the study were pure bacterial gDNA purified from cultures of @entity3 and @entity2 , a cloned sequence of the karilysin gene for @entity4 , a plaque sample positive for @entity3 and @entity4 , and nasal gDNA for @entity2 . RESULTS: The results show that prior to implant placement, all three bacterial species were below the lower limit of quantification in all edentulous @entity0 . The samples collected from the tongue and around the implants remained below the lower limit of quantification for each of the three species. However, all positive controls used in the study were detectable in the samples. qPCR standard curves showed correlation coefficients >0.97 and efficiencies >94.5% (slope range -3.19 to -3.46) for each of the SYBR green PCR assays. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the tested organisms did not emerge 6  months after implant placement irrespective of the nature of the implant biomaterial. A further follow-up of at least 2  years post-implantation of these @entity0 is suggested to determine whether there are any changes in the oral microbiota and whether such changes are associated with the development of @entity1 .

title: Analysis of XXXX , @entity4 and @entity2 levels in edentulous mouths prior to and 6  months after placement of one-piece zirconia and titanium implants.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that completely edentulous @entity0 harbour fewer periodontopathic bacteria compared with dentate @entity0 , due to the removal of the subgingival periodontal environment. However, reappearance of certain microbes has been reported after the placement of implants in these @entity0 . AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether the periodontopathic bacteria @entity3 and @entity4 , as well as the non-periodontopathic bacterium, @entity2 , emerged in edentulous @entity0 6  months after placement of one-piece zirconia and titanium implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity0 were included in the study (titanium  =  13, zirconia  =  13). Microbial samples were collected from the tongue prior to implant placement and 6  months after implant placement from both the tongue and from around the implants. A qRT-PCR assay using SYBR green/ROX chemistry was used for the detection and quantification of rgp, @entity5 and karilysin single-copy gene of @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity2 , respectively. Positive controls used in the study were pure bacterial gDNA purified from cultures of @entity3 and @entity2 , a cloned sequence of the karilysin gene for @entity4 , a plaque sample positive for @entity3 and @entity4 , and nasal gDNA for @entity2 . RESULTS: The results show that prior to implant placement, all three bacterial species were below the lower limit of quantification in all edentulous @entity0 . The samples collected from the tongue and around the implants remained below the lower limit of quantification for each of the three species. However, all positive controls used in the study were detectable in the samples. qPCR standard curves showed correlation coefficients >0.97 and efficiencies >94.5% (slope range -3.19 to -3.46) for each of the SYBR green PCR assays. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the tested organisms did not emerge 6  months after implant placement irrespective of the nature of the implant biomaterial. A further follow-up of at least 2  years post-implantation of these @entity0 is suggested to determine whether there are any changes in the oral microbiota and whether such changes are associated with the development of @entity1 .

title: Analysis of @entity3 , @entity4 and XXXX levels in edentulous mouths prior to and 6  months after placement of one-piece zirconia and titanium implants.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that completely edentulous @entity0 harbour fewer periodontopathic bacteria compared with dentate @entity0 , due to the removal of the subgingival periodontal environment. However, reappearance of certain microbes has been reported after the placement of implants in these @entity0 . AIM: The aim of this study was to determine whether the periodontopathic bacteria @entity3 and @entity4 , as well as the non-periodontopathic bacterium, @entity2 , emerged in edentulous @entity0 6  months after placement of one-piece zirconia and titanium implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity0 were included in the study (titanium  =  13, zirconia  =  13). Microbial samples were collected from the tongue prior to implant placement and 6  months after implant placement from both the tongue and from around the implants. A qRT-PCR assay using SYBR green/ROX chemistry was used for the detection and quantification of rgp, @entity5 and karilysin single-copy gene of @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity2 , respectively. Positive controls used in the study were pure bacterial gDNA purified from cultures of @entity3 and @entity2 , a cloned sequence of the karilysin gene for @entity4 , a plaque sample positive for @entity3 and @entity4 , and nasal gDNA for @entity2 . RESULTS: The results show that prior to implant placement, all three bacterial species were below the lower limit of quantification in all edentulous @entity0 . The samples collected from the tongue and around the implants remained below the lower limit of quantification for each of the three species. However, all positive controls used in the study were detectable in the samples. qPCR standard curves showed correlation coefficients >0.97 and efficiencies >94.5% (slope range -3.19 to -3.46) for each of the SYBR green PCR assays. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the tested organisms did not emerge 6  months after implant placement irrespective of the nature of the implant biomaterial. A further follow-up of at least 2  years post-implantation of these @entity0 is suggested to determine whether there are any changes in the oral microbiota and whether such changes are associated with the development of @entity1 .

title: Analysis of @entity3 , XXXX and @entity2 levels in edentulous mouths prior to and 6  months after placement of one-piece zirconia and titanium implants.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: During pregnancy, acetaminophen is one of the very few medications recommended by physicians to treat @entity7 or @entity6 . Recent insights from epidemiological studies suggest an association between prenatal acetaminophen medication and an increased risk for development of @entity9 in @entity0 later in life. The underlying pathogenesis of such association is still unknown. METHODS: We aimed to develop a @entity1 model to provide insights into the effect of prenatal acetaminophen on maternal, fetal and adult offspring's health. The toxic effect of acetaminophen was studied in @entity1 on 1) maternal liver; mirrored by biomarkers of @entity5 , centrilobular @entity3 , and infiltration of granulocytes; 2) fetal liver; reflected by the frequency of hematopoietic stem cells, and 3) postnatal health; evaluated by the severity of @entity4 airway @entity2 among offspring. RESULTS: We observed an increased susceptibility towards acetaminophen-induced @entity8 in pregnant @entity1 compared to virgins. Moreover, hematopoietic stem cell frequency in fetal liver declined in response to acetaminophen. Furthermore, a greater severity of airway @entity2 was observed in offspring of dams upon prenatal acetaminophen treatment, identified lung infiltration by leukocytes and eosinophil infiltration into the airways. CONCLUSION: Our newly developed @entity1 model on prenatal use of acetaminophen reflects findings from epidemiological studies in @entity0 . The availability of this model will allow improvement in our understanding of how acetaminophen-related hepatotoxicity is operational in pregnant individuals and how an increased risk for @entity4 in response to prenatal acetaminophen is mediated. Such insights, once available, may change the recommendations for prenatal acetaminophen use.

title: Prenatal acetaminophen induces XXXX in dams, reduces fetal liver stem cells, and @entity2 in adult offspring.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: During pregnancy, acetaminophen is one of the very few medications recommended by physicians to treat @entity7 or @entity6 . Recent insights from epidemiological studies suggest an association between prenatal acetaminophen medication and an increased risk for development of @entity9 in @entity0 later in life. The underlying pathogenesis of such association is still unknown. METHODS: We aimed to develop a @entity1 model to provide insights into the effect of prenatal acetaminophen on maternal, fetal and adult offspring's health. The toxic effect of acetaminophen was studied in @entity1 on 1) maternal liver; mirrored by biomarkers of @entity5 , centrilobular @entity3 , and infiltration of granulocytes; 2) fetal liver; reflected by the frequency of hematopoietic stem cells, and 3) postnatal health; evaluated by the severity of @entity4 airway @entity2 among offspring. RESULTS: We observed an increased susceptibility towards acetaminophen-induced @entity8 in pregnant @entity1 compared to virgins. Moreover, hematopoietic stem cell frequency in fetal liver declined in response to acetaminophen. Furthermore, a greater severity of airway @entity2 was observed in offspring of dams upon prenatal acetaminophen treatment, identified lung infiltration by leukocytes and eosinophil infiltration into the airways. CONCLUSION: Our newly developed @entity1 model on prenatal use of acetaminophen reflects findings from epidemiological studies in @entity0 . The availability of this model will allow improvement in our understanding of how acetaminophen-related hepatotoxicity is operational in pregnant individuals and how an increased risk for @entity4 in response to prenatal acetaminophen is mediated. Such insights, once available, may change the recommendations for prenatal acetaminophen use.

title: Prenatal acetaminophen induces @entity5 in dams, reduces fetal liver stem cells, and XXXX in adult offspring.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and related risk factors are associated with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). This association is less well-defined in normal cognition (NC) or prodromal @entity6 (mild @entity4 , MCI). OBJECTIVE: Cross-sectionally and longitudinally relate a vascular risk index to cognitive outcomes among elders free of clinical @entity7 . METHODS: 3,117 MCI (74    8 years, 56% female) and 6,603 NC @entity0 (72    8 years, 68% female) were drawn from the National @entity6 Center. A composite measure of vascular risk was defined using the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) score (i.e., age, systolic blood pressure, anti- @entity5 medication, @entity1 , cigarette smoking, @entity3 history, @entity8 ). Ordinary linear regressions and generalized linear mixed models related baseline @entity2 to cross-sectional and longitudinal cognitive outcomes, separately for NC and MCI, adjusting for age, gender, race, education, and follow-up time (in longitudinal models). RESULTS: In NC @entity0 , increasing @entity2 was related to @entity4 , information processing speed, and sequencing abilities (p-values <0.0001) and a worse longitudinal trajectory on all cognitive measures (p-values <0.0001). In MCI, increasing @entity2 correlated with @entity9 (p = 0.004). In secondary models using an age-excluded @entity2 score, associations persisted in NC @entity0 for global cognition, naming, information processing speed, and sequencing abilities. CONCLUSIONS: An adverse vascular risk profile is associated with worse cognitive trajectory, especially global cognition, naming, and information processing speed, among NC elders. Future studies are needed to understand how effective management of @entity3 and related risk factors can modify @entity4 to identify the ideal timeframe for primary prevention implementation.

title: Adverse Vascular Risk is Related to XXXX in Older Adults.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Xenotransplantation has drawn increased attention in recent years as a potential solution to the scarcity of @entity0 source donor organs. Researchers have highlighted the need to characterize the influence of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) in xenotransplantation. Screening and analyzing the presence and subtype of PERV in donor source animal breeds could provide basic parameters to evaluate the biological safety of xenotransplantation from @entity1 to @entity0 . We bred a new miniature porcine herd (XENO-1) after decades of investigation, the herd was purpose bred to produce a potential donor animal source for xenotransplantation. To this end we studied the animals' PERV expression characteristics. METHODS: We randomly selected 37 animals of the herd, PCR and RT-PCR based on specific primers were utilized to determine their PERV viral subtype. High fidelity PCR and restriction enzyme digestion were employed for variants detection. To thoroughly understand the PERV expression pattern, quantitative PCR was applied to measure mRNA expression levels in different tissues, At last, transfection capacity was assessed using a in vitro co-culture system. RESULTS: Our results revealed that the XENO-1 herd was free of PERV-C and exhibited low levels of PERVs in different tissues compared to commercial @entity1 (landrace). The XENO-1 herd showed unique variants of A/B recombination. In addition, even though there were A/B variants in the XENO-1 herd, co-culturing revealed no evidence of PERV transmission from XENO-1 tissue to @entity0 cells. CONCLUSION: Overall, Our results displayed an unique PERV expression pattern in a new @entity1 herd and demonstrated its non-transfection capacity in vitro. Data in the research indicate that XENO-1 animals can serve as a better potential donor source for xenotransplantation.

title: Characterization of PERV in a new conserved XXXX herd as potential donor animals for xenotransplantation in China.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 , being defined as @entity3 of the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum, is uncommon. Here, we analyze findings on our @entity0 during a 10-year period and evaluate the role of retrograde urethrography. METHODS: From February 2002 to April 2012, 116 @entity0 were admitted with @entity4 at Ghaem Medical Center. @entity0 history and physical examination were taken at their admittance to detect probable @entity1 . Before surgery, retrograde urethrography was performed in all @entity0 . The size and site of the tunical @entity3 were recorded. Then the @entity3 of tunica albuginea was sutured with nonabsorbable (3-0 nylon) sutures and the ties were placed on the internal surface (continuous method). All @entity0 were followed up for 12 months. RESULTS: @entity0 ' mean age was (32.78  10.61) years and ranged (16-62) years. The mechanism of @entity1 was sexual intercourse in 103 @entity0 (89%) and masturbation in 13 @entity0 (11%). The most common site of injury found after exploration was right (55%) and lateral (74%) of the corpus cavernosum. The size of the tunical @entity3 was from 0.5 to 3.0 cm (mean 1.88  0.72). Three of the @entity0 had @entity2 . @entity1 was detected by retrograde urethrography in 4 @entity0 (3%) who had macroscopic @entity5 and urethrorrhagia. During 12 months follow-up, no complication was seen. CONCLUSION: There is no need to perform retrograde urethrography unless the @entity0 have gross @entity5 or urethrorrhagia. The key to success in treatment of @entity4 is to achieve a rapid diagnosis based on history and a physical examination, avoid unnecessary imaging tests and perform immediate surgery to reconstruct the site of injury.

title: @entity4 and its treatment: Is retrograde urethrograghy necessary for management of XXXX ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 , being defined as @entity3 of the tunica albuginea of the corpus cavernosum, is uncommon. Here, we analyze findings on our @entity0 during a 10-year period and evaluate the role of retrograde urethrography. METHODS: From February 2002 to April 2012, 116 @entity0 were admitted with @entity4 at Ghaem Medical Center. @entity0 history and physical examination were taken at their admittance to detect probable @entity1 . Before surgery, retrograde urethrography was performed in all @entity0 . The size and site of the tunical @entity3 were recorded. Then the @entity3 of tunica albuginea was sutured with nonabsorbable (3-0 nylon) sutures and the ties were placed on the internal surface (continuous method). All @entity0 were followed up for 12 months. RESULTS: @entity0 ' mean age was (32.78  10.61) years and ranged (16-62) years. The mechanism of @entity1 was sexual intercourse in 103 @entity0 (89%) and masturbation in 13 @entity0 (11%). The most common site of injury found after exploration was right (55%) and lateral (74%) of the corpus cavernosum. The size of the tunical @entity3 was from 0.5 to 3.0 cm (mean 1.88  0.72). Three of the @entity0 had @entity2 . @entity1 was detected by retrograde urethrography in 4 @entity0 (3%) who had macroscopic @entity5 and urethrorrhagia. During 12 months follow-up, no complication was seen. CONCLUSION: There is no need to perform retrograde urethrography unless the @entity0 have gross @entity5 or urethrorrhagia. The key to success in treatment of @entity4 is to achieve a rapid diagnosis based on history and a physical examination, avoid unnecessary imaging tests and perform immediate surgery to reconstruct the site of injury.

title: XXXX and its treatment: Is retrograde urethrograghy necessary for management of @entity4 ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Estimating the incidence of @entity5 is challenging because few population-based @entity1 registries record benign bone @entity1 . We compared two approaches, the indirect (relative index) estimation approach used in The Burden of @entity2 in the United States (BMUS) and a direct incidence rate approach (from registries that @entity4 ), to estimate @entity4 incidence in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, the U.K., Sweden, Australia, Canada, Japan, and the U.S. METHODS: @entity4 of bone incidence was calculated with use of the BMUS relative index of @entity4 to @entity3 in three scenarios (low, base case, and high) from case series. We compared the BMUS approach with the latest data from @entity1 registries in Australia (1972 to 1996), Japan (2006 to 2008), and Sweden (1993 to 2011) that @entity4 . United Nations population estimates were used to project results to 2013. RESULTS: The low scenario in the BMUS approach reflects data from Unni and Inwards; the incidence of @entity5 is 0.34 relative to @entity3 . As the incidence of @entity3 is 31.4% of the total incidence of @entity6 , the incidence of @entity4 is 0.11 times that of all @entity6 . The base scenario reflects the series by Mirra et al., with a @entity4 incidence of 0.47 relative to @entity3 (0.15 to all @entity6 ). The high scenario reflects the series by Ward, with an incidence of 0.84 relative to @entity3 (0.26 to all @entity6 ). Differences among the three series reflect referral to a national center of excellence compared with referral to a local oncology practice. Registry data indicated a @entity4 incidence rate per million per year of 1.33 in Australia, 1.03 in Japan, and 1.11 in Sweden in 2013. The estimated incidence rate per million in the ten countries in 2013 ranged from 1.03 (Japan) to 1.17 (Canada) with use of the registry-based approach and from 0.73 (Japan) for the low scenario) to 2.20 (Germany) for the base case with use of the BMUS approach. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 of bone affects approximately one @entity0 per million per year in the ten countries studied. Estimates derived with use of age-specific incidences from @entity1 registries were typically within the range of the low and base case BMUS scenarios. We recommend the registry-derived method for estimating the incidence of @entity4 .

title: Regional variation and challenges in estimating the incidence of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: A one-stage anterilateral decompression of the thoracolumbar spine with Harrington rod alignment and posterior fusion has proven to be an excellent approach to the management of unstable fractures between T-11 and @entity2 . Twenty-six cases are reported in which this tactic was used to decompress neural structures and stabilize the spine. Preoperative computed tomographic scanning and somatosensory evoked responses (SSERs) are useful adjuncts in the @entity0 's assessment. Intraoperative SSER studies have allowed monitoring to prevent an increase in the @entity0 's neural deficit during operation. Intraoperative myelography is used to provide objective confirmation of the adequacy of the decompression of the spinal subarachnoid space. Satisfactory stability was achieved in all 26 cases reported in this series. Eight of 11 @entity0 with partial @entity1 returned to essentially normal function within 6 months. None of the @entity0 who were neurologically intact (6 cases) or who had incomplete lesions (11 cases) was made worse by the operation. None of the 9 paraplegic @entity0 regained spinal cord function, although a dramatic improvement in the function of the @entity3 and @entity4 roots occurred in 1 case. This approach to the management of unstable thoracolumbar fractures is useful, carries with it a low complication rate, and should be a standard part of the neurosurgical and orthopedic armamentarium.

title: Management of acute unstable thoracolumbar (T-11- XXXX ) fractures with and without @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A one-stage anterilateral decompression of the thoracolumbar spine with Harrington rod alignment and posterior fusion has proven to be an excellent approach to the management of unstable fractures between T-11 and @entity2 . Twenty-six cases are reported in which this tactic was used to decompress neural structures and stabilize the spine. Preoperative computed tomographic scanning and somatosensory evoked responses (SSERs) are useful adjuncts in the @entity0 's assessment. Intraoperative SSER studies have allowed monitoring to prevent an increase in the @entity0 's neural deficit during operation. Intraoperative myelography is used to provide objective confirmation of the adequacy of the decompression of the spinal subarachnoid space. Satisfactory stability was achieved in all 26 cases reported in this series. Eight of 11 @entity0 with partial @entity1 returned to essentially normal function within 6 months. None of the @entity0 who were neurologically intact (6 cases) or who had incomplete lesions (11 cases) was made worse by the operation. None of the 9 paraplegic @entity0 regained spinal cord function, although a dramatic improvement in the function of the @entity3 and @entity4 roots occurred in 1 case. This approach to the management of unstable thoracolumbar fractures is useful, carries with it a low complication rate, and should be a standard part of the neurosurgical and orthopedic armamentarium.

title: Management of acute unstable thoracolumbar (T-11- @entity2 ) fractures with and without XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Recently, there has been development of an antifreeze polyamino acid (carboxylated poly-l-lysine: @entity4 ) as new cryoprotectants (CPA). This compound counts as amphoteric macromolecular cationic and anionic substituents (polyampholyte) by chemically modifying @entity5 . In addition, @entity4 is highly safe and frequently used as a food additive in substitution for other CPA. Other common CPA have high @entity0 and caused physiological damage. In vitro-produced blastocysts were randomly assigned into 3 groups: (1) vitrified embryos with @entity4 vitrification solution [ @entity4 -vit-1: 15% @entity4 +15% @entity6 (EG); @entity4 -vit-2: 30% @entity4 +30% EG+0.5M @entity2 ], (2) vitrified embryos with Vajta et al. solution (Conv-vit-1: 7.5% @entity3 +7.5% EG; Conv-vit-2: 16.5% @entity3 +16.5% EG+0.5M @entity2 ), and (3) nonvitrified blastocysts (control). All embryos were frozen by droplet vitrification method. First, the @entity4 -vitrified embryos were exposed to 5, 10, and 15min in the @entity4 -vit-1 and then putted for 30 to about 60s in the @entity4 -vit-2. Then, we compared with each group regarding exposure time of Vit-1. Post-thaw survival rate of each exposure time did not significantly differ among the 3 groups (100 v. 100 v. 100%). However, hatching rate of the 10-min exposure group was higher than that of 5- and 15-min groups (75.0 v. 25.0 v. 66.7; P<0.05). Therefore, we confirmed that exposure time of Vit-1 was exposed for a minimum of 10min. The post-thawed survival rate of each vitrification method was not significantly different between @entity4 -vit and Conv-vit groups (97.7 v. 86.4%). The total cell numbers of blastocyst did not significantly differ among groups. However, the apoptotic cell numbers of blastocyst was significantly different between the control and Conv-vit groups (0.4  0.6 v. 4.4  3.9; P<0.05) but was not different in control v. @entity4 -vit (0.4  0.6 v. 2.1  2.4) and Conv-vit v. @entity4 -vit (4.4  3.9 v. 2.1  2.4). In conclusion, @entity4 -vit for @entity1 blastocyst could reduce @entity0 and osmotic shock and showed high efficiency on the quality of post-thawed @entity1 blastocysts compared with that of Conv-vit.

title: 52 effect of carboxylated poly-L-lysine on the post-thaw viability of in vitro-produced XXXX blastocyst.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The seminal plasma (SP) of camelids contains a protein identified as b Nerve Growth Factor with capacity of induced ovulation and develop a corpus luteum. A study was designed to evaluate the effect of application of SP on the interval of time from injection of stimulus to the ovulation and corpus luteum (CL) size (Experiment 1, n=24) and on the sensitivity of CL to the injection of @entity1 (196  g of tiaprost) (PG) at different periods from ovulation (Experiment 2, n=86). Exp. 1: Adult female @entity3 with presence of a follicle >= 7mm were assigned to the application of 1mL of SP via IM (T: n=12) or application of 50  g of @entity0 of busereline IM (T2: n=12). Exp. 2: @entity3 with presence of a follicle >= 7mm were induced to ovulation with 50  g of @entity0 of busereline or 1mL IM of SP. Animals were evaluated by ultrasound to confirm the ovulation and were assigned to the following treatment: T1 (n=8): SP+PG Day 4; T2 (n=8): @entity2 +PG Day 4; T3 (n=8): SP+PG Day 5; T4 (n=8): @entity2 +PG Day 5; T5 (n=8): SP+PG Day 6; T6 (n=8): @entity2 +PG Day 6; T7 (n=8): SP+PG Day 7; T8 (n=8): @entity2 +PG Day 7; T9 (n=8): SP+PG Day 8; T10 (n=8): @entity2 +PG Day 8 and T11 (n=6) (Control): Application of 1mL of saline solution. The animals were evaluated by ultrasound with an Aloka SSD500 (Aloka, Tokyo, Japan) and 7.5-MHz linear transducer each 2h (Exp. 1) and each 12h (Exp. 2) after of application of PG. In Exp. 1, the ovulation rate was 95.7% to T1 and T2 and an interval of time between injection of stimulus and ovulation was 27.4  2.5h and 26.8  1.8 to T1 and T2, respectively. In Exp. 2, luteolysis was 0.0%, 0.0%, 25.0%, 0.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, and 0.0% for the treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, and T11 respectively. The results suggest that no differences exist between in the ovulation rate and interval to the ovulation between the application of @entity2 or SP and that the CL was sensible at Day 5 to the @entity1 respect SP and with similar response to the sensibility of CL from Day 6 to Day 8.

title: 165 effect of injection of seminal plasma on ovulation rate, corpus luteum development, and sensitivity to XXXX in @entity3 ( @entity3 ).

answer: @entity1


abstract: The seminal plasma (SP) of camelids contains a protein identified as b Nerve Growth Factor with capacity of induced ovulation and develop a corpus luteum. A study was designed to evaluate the effect of application of SP on the interval of time from injection of stimulus to the ovulation and corpus luteum (CL) size (Experiment 1, n=24) and on the sensitivity of CL to the injection of @entity1 (196  g of tiaprost) (PG) at different periods from ovulation (Experiment 2, n=86). Exp. 1: Adult female @entity3 with presence of a follicle >= 7mm were assigned to the application of 1mL of SP via IM (T: n=12) or application of 50  g of @entity0 of busereline IM (T2: n=12). Exp. 2: @entity3 with presence of a follicle >= 7mm were induced to ovulation with 50  g of @entity0 of busereline or 1mL IM of SP. Animals were evaluated by ultrasound to confirm the ovulation and were assigned to the following treatment: T1 (n=8): SP+PG Day 4; T2 (n=8): @entity2 +PG Day 4; T3 (n=8): SP+PG Day 5; T4 (n=8): @entity2 +PG Day 5; T5 (n=8): SP+PG Day 6; T6 (n=8): @entity2 +PG Day 6; T7 (n=8): SP+PG Day 7; T8 (n=8): @entity2 +PG Day 7; T9 (n=8): SP+PG Day 8; T10 (n=8): @entity2 +PG Day 8 and T11 (n=6) (Control): Application of 1mL of saline solution. The animals were evaluated by ultrasound with an Aloka SSD500 (Aloka, Tokyo, Japan) and 7.5-MHz linear transducer each 2h (Exp. 1) and each 12h (Exp. 2) after of application of PG. In Exp. 1, the ovulation rate was 95.7% to T1 and T2 and an interval of time between injection of stimulus and ovulation was 27.4  2.5h and 26.8  1.8 to T1 and T2, respectively. In Exp. 2, luteolysis was 0.0%, 0.0%, 25.0%, 0.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, and 0.0% for the treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, and T11 respectively. The results suggest that no differences exist between in the ovulation rate and interval to the ovulation between the application of @entity2 or SP and that the CL was sensible at Day 5 to the @entity1 respect SP and with similar response to the sensibility of CL from Day 6 to Day 8.

title: 165 effect of injection of seminal plasma on ovulation rate, corpus luteum development, and sensitivity to @entity1 in XXXX ( @entity3 ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: The seminal plasma (SP) of camelids contains a protein identified as b Nerve Growth Factor with capacity of induced ovulation and develop a corpus luteum. A study was designed to evaluate the effect of application of SP on the interval of time from injection of stimulus to the ovulation and corpus luteum (CL) size (Experiment 1, n=24) and on the sensitivity of CL to the injection of @entity1 (196  g of tiaprost) (PG) at different periods from ovulation (Experiment 2, n=86). Exp. 1: Adult female @entity3 with presence of a follicle >= 7mm were assigned to the application of 1mL of SP via IM (T: n=12) or application of 50  g of @entity0 of busereline IM (T2: n=12). Exp. 2: @entity3 with presence of a follicle >= 7mm were induced to ovulation with 50  g of @entity0 of busereline or 1mL IM of SP. Animals were evaluated by ultrasound to confirm the ovulation and were assigned to the following treatment: T1 (n=8): SP+PG Day 4; T2 (n=8): @entity2 +PG Day 4; T3 (n=8): SP+PG Day 5; T4 (n=8): @entity2 +PG Day 5; T5 (n=8): SP+PG Day 6; T6 (n=8): @entity2 +PG Day 6; T7 (n=8): SP+PG Day 7; T8 (n=8): @entity2 +PG Day 7; T9 (n=8): SP+PG Day 8; T10 (n=8): @entity2 +PG Day 8 and T11 (n=6) (Control): Application of 1mL of saline solution. The animals were evaluated by ultrasound with an Aloka SSD500 (Aloka, Tokyo, Japan) and 7.5-MHz linear transducer each 2h (Exp. 1) and each 12h (Exp. 2) after of application of PG. In Exp. 1, the ovulation rate was 95.7% to T1 and T2 and an interval of time between injection of stimulus and ovulation was 27.4  2.5h and 26.8  1.8 to T1 and T2, respectively. In Exp. 2, luteolysis was 0.0%, 0.0%, 25.0%, 0.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 100.0%, and 0.0% for the treatments T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, and T11 respectively. The results suggest that no differences exist between in the ovulation rate and interval to the ovulation between the application of @entity2 or SP and that the CL was sensible at Day 5 to the @entity1 respect SP and with similar response to the sensibility of CL from Day 6 to Day 8.

title: 165 effect of injection of seminal plasma on ovulation rate, corpus luteum development, and sensitivity to @entity1 in @entity3 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: Several factors may influence transgenic animal production efficiency, and among them gene construction and the cell type used are of great importance. For a long time, fetal fibroblasts were largely used in generation of transgenic @entity0 production by nuclear transfer, however adult cells are very useful for cloning once the genotype of the donor nuclei is known, and derivation of such cells is technically simple, efficient, and reproducible. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of cell type on the percentage of GFP+ cells and fluorescence intensity, using two plasmids constructs encoding for green fluorescent protein (GFP). Transfections were performed in @entity0 fetal fibroblasts (FF), @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and cumulus cells (CC) transfected by use of Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) for the internalization of FUGW or pEGFPN2 plasmid. Forty-eight hours after transfection, the number and the fluorescence intensity (arbitrary units) of GFP(+) cells was measured by flow cytometry (FACSAria, FACSDiva Software, BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ). Non-transfected cells were used as controls. Means were compared by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (SNK; P<0.05). The FUGW plasmid promoted a higher rate of transfection and fluorescence intensity than pEGFPN2 in all cell types evaluated. When the FUGW plasmid was used, higher transfection rates were obtained with fetal fibroblasts (FF: 17.8  2.82; @entity1 : 10.66  0.65, CC: 3.9  1.97), while higher fluorescence intensity was observed in @entity1 (FF: 4542  497.09; @entity1 : 9367.5  3490.9, CC: 3496  2638.92). The pEGFPN2 plasmid showed percentage of transfected cells and fluorescence intensity significantly higher than the control only in cumulus cells (pEGFPN2 - FF: 4.9  0.14 and 206.47  755; @entity1 : 760 and 2.4  0.70  330.92; CC: 3.9  1.97, and 1418  36.06, respectively; control - FF: 0.15  0.07 and 249  6:36; @entity1 : 0.15  0.07 588  213.54, and CC 0.05  0 214  0.07, respectively). We conclude that the plasmid construction may influence the overall efficiency in transfected cells; however, the transfection percentage and fluorescence intensity is greatly influenced by the cell type. We suggest that transgenesis of a specific cell type may be enhanced by the proper choice of the expression vector.

title: 197 influence of plasmid construction and cell type on the generation of genetically modified cell lines in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate modulators ( @entity0 ) and @entity3 , in adipocytes, are important for the regulation of the lipolysis rate. The phosphodiesterases (PDE) control @entity3 and @entity0 levels by degradation. Different PDE isoforms are expressed in @entity1 oocytes and cumulus cells. Previously, we found that using an inhibitor of @entity6 ( @entity4 , SILD) increased @entity3 levels in @entity1 oocytes during in vitro maturation (IVM). In the current study we investigated if inhibition of @entity6 during maturation reduces the lipid content in IVF embryos. For this, oocytes were cultured for 24h in maturation medium with 10% FCS and 10(-7)M SILD (treatment I), 10% FCS (treatment II) and 0.4% BSA (control; N   160 COC/groups submit to IVF). After COC were in vitro fertilized, cleavage (Day 4) and blastocyst rates (Day 7) were measured. Blastocysts were stained with @entity5 (1 gmL(-1)) for lipid content quantification, by mean fluorescence intensity per  m(2), measured in the ImageJ program (fluorescence intensity, f.i.). Four replicates were transformed to log10 and subjected to statistical analysis using the SAS system (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) by ANOVA followed by Tukey test with a significance level of 5%. No difference in cleavage (Day 4) and blastocyst (Day 7) rates were observed in all groups (82 and 41.9%, respectively), showing that presence of FCS, SILD, or both in IVM medium did not affect embryo development. Treatment I had higher lipid content (40.35 f.i.) than treatment II (31.12 f.i.), which in turn was also superior to control (22.31 f.i.). According to the results, the presence of FCS in IVM media generates embryos with higher lipid content, and association of FCS and SIL further increased lipid content. Although inhibition of PDE5 increases @entity3 levels and leads to higher lipolysis, such an effect was not observed when SIL was used as the PDE5 inhibitor. Reasons for such findings are still unclear, but a possibility would be the activation of a negative feedback mechanism by the increased @entity3 generated by SIL, because this @entity2 activates PKG, which in turn inhibits @entity3 synthesis by guanylate cyclase. During development the lower @entity3 levels could reduce lipolysis, resulting in increased lipid accumulation in embryos. Further studies are needed to address this possibility.

title: 238 the role of phosphodiesterase (pde) 5a as mediator of lipolysis in XXXX oocytes and its effect on the development and lipid content of embryos produced in vitro.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an assisted reproductive technique that has been used with considerable success in @entity0 ; however, in the @entity2 species the efficiency of this technique is far from optimal. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of 4 chemical activation treatments, @entity8 (DMAP), @entity6 (CHX), @entity7 (ANY), and @entity4 ( @entity1 ) on the pronuclear formation and embryo development of @entity2 embryos generated by ICSI. Cumulus-oocyte complexes were aspirated from abattoir ovaries, selected, and matured in 400-  L drops of standard TCM-199 maturation medium for 22h at 38.5  C and 5% @entity3 . The ICSI was performed by a standard procedure. Injected oocytes were randomly distributed and activated by 5  M @entity5 for 5min (Io) followed by i) 5  gmL(-1) CHX for 5h (Io/CHX), ii) 3h window followed by a second Io treatment plus 1.9mM DMAP for 4h (2Io/DMAP), iii) 1  gmL(-1) ANY for 5h (Io/ANY), and iv) 3h window followed by 7% @entity4 (Io/ @entity1 ). Embryos were cultured in 50-  L drops of KSOM medium under mineral oil at 38.5  C and 5% @entity3 , 5% O2, and 90% N2. Cleavage was recorded at 72h and blastocyst rate at 192h. Pronuclear formation analysis was carried out at 18 hpa with Hoechst staining. An oocyte was considered fertilized when 2 polar bodies and 1 female and 1 male pronucleus (or a decondensed sperm head) could be observed. The data were transformed to arcsine, analysed by ANOVA, and means were compared using Tukey's test with Statgraphics Plus 2 Software. Results with a total of 431 injected oocytes (114, 104, 101, and 112 for DMAP, CHX, ANY, and @entity1 , respectively) showed differences in cleavage (P<0.01) in DMAP, CHX, and ANY treatments (86, 72, and 78%, respectively), relative to @entity1 (12%). Similarly, the rate of blastocysts/injected oocyte at 192h was higher with DMAP, CHX, and ANY (41, 20, and 32%, respectively), relative to @entity1 (4%). Sham-injected oocytes showed cleavage and blastocyst rates of 67, 43, 68, and 12% and 32, 11, 19, and 5%, for DMAP, CHX, ANY, and @entity1 , respectively. Despite the higher developmental rate observed with DMAP, pronuclear formation assessment revealed that fertilization rate was higher in CHX (87%) and ANY (75%) treatments relative to DMAP (35%). In conclusion, the results of the present study show that activation of @entity2 oocytes after ICSI is more efficient with DMAP and ANY, compared with CHX and @entity1 .

title: 320 effects of different activation regimens on pronuclear formation and pre-implantation developmental competence of in vitro-matured XXXX oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Low @entity1 status, i.e. circulating @entity3 (25OHD) levels <50  nmol/l, is independently associated with increased CVD risk. Medication use may influence 25OHD levels. We therefore investigated the association of circulating 25OHD with medication use in @entity0 scheduled for cardiac surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 11,256 @entity0 were included in this cross-sectional study. We compared 25OHD levels of medication users (18 groups of continuously used and 5 groups of intermittently used medications) with levels of non-users. Moreover, we assessed variables (medications, demographic and clinical parameters) that were independently associated with 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l. The prevalence of 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l was 65.7%. The use of statins and immunosuppressive agents was significantly associated with higher 25OHD levels and lower odds ratios of 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l. The use of ACE-inhibitors, @entity2 and antibiotics was associated with lower 25OHD levels and higher odds ratios of 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l. However, only use of antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents and @entity2 showed clinically relevant differences in 25OHD levels, i.e. differences of more than +4  nmol/l or -4  nmol/l, compared with respective non-users. These medications were prescribed either intermittently (antibiotics, @entity2 ) and/or infrequently (<2%; immunosuppressive agents, @entity2 ) and/or its causal relationship with circulating 25OHD is questionable (antibiotics). Female sex and blood drawing during wintertime were associated with the highest odds ratios of 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l. CONCLUSION: Data indicate that in @entity0 with high cardiovascular risk profile medication use does not substantially contribute to 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l.

title: Association between circulating XXXX levels and medication use in @entity0 scheduled for cardiac surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Low @entity1 status, i.e. circulating @entity3 (25OHD) levels <50  nmol/l, is independently associated with increased CVD risk. Medication use may influence 25OHD levels. We therefore investigated the association of circulating 25OHD with medication use in @entity0 scheduled for cardiac surgery. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 11,256 @entity0 were included in this cross-sectional study. We compared 25OHD levels of medication users (18 groups of continuously used and 5 groups of intermittently used medications) with levels of non-users. Moreover, we assessed variables (medications, demographic and clinical parameters) that were independently associated with 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l. The prevalence of 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l was 65.7%. The use of statins and immunosuppressive agents was significantly associated with higher 25OHD levels and lower odds ratios of 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l. The use of ACE-inhibitors, @entity2 and antibiotics was associated with lower 25OHD levels and higher odds ratios of 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l. However, only use of antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents and @entity2 showed clinically relevant differences in 25OHD levels, i.e. differences of more than +4  nmol/l or -4  nmol/l, compared with respective non-users. These medications were prescribed either intermittently (antibiotics, @entity2 ) and/or infrequently (<2%; immunosuppressive agents, @entity2 ) and/or its causal relationship with circulating 25OHD is questionable (antibiotics). Female sex and blood drawing during wintertime were associated with the highest odds ratios of 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l. CONCLUSION: Data indicate that in @entity0 with high cardiovascular risk profile medication use does not substantially contribute to 25OHD levels <50  nmol/l.

title: Association between circulating @entity3 levels and medication use in XXXX scheduled for cardiac surgery.

answer: @entity0