abstract: The influence of the exocrine pancreatic secretions on development of small intestinal injury following localized @entity2 was studied. In male Holtzman @entity0 the excretory pancreatic ducts were occluded with metal hemostatic clips. An intraperitoneal injection of @entity3 was given 3 weeks later. Three or 48 h after the injection a 10 cm segment of small intestine was exteriorized through a midline abdominal incision and heated at 38.0 degrees C, 42.5 degrees C, or 43.5 degrees C for 45 min. Intestinal damage was assessed 24 h after @entity2 . The following four endpoints were used: histopathological injury score, the number of villi per intestinal circumference, the number of labelled epithelial cells in fixed areas of autoradiographic specimens, and incorporation of @entity3 as determined by liquid scintillation counting. The correlation of results among the four methods of assessment was highly significant. The autoradiography data showed better correlation with both morphological parameters than the results of liquid scintillation counting. There was significantly less damage in heated segments from pancreatic duct-occluded animals than in segments from sham-operated controls. @entity1 was assessed morphologically the protection conferred by @entity4 was equivalent to lowering the temperature of heating by 1 degree C. It is concluded that morphological criteria may be superior to endpoints based on @entity3 incorporation for assessment of @entity1 in @entity0 small intestine. Reducing the intraluminal pancreatic secretions appears to confer significant protection from small bowel injury after localized @entity2 .

title: Effects of exocrine pancreatic secretions on @entity1 of XXXX small intestine.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This review focuses on a specific cause of @entity1 known as @entity3 ( @entity8 : ) in broilers. Rapid increases in body weight impose excessive torque and shear stress on structurally immature epiphyseal and physeal cartilage, primarily in the proximal femora, proximal tibiae, and flexible thoracic vertebrae. Excessive mechanical stress creates @entity4 among the chondrocytes of susceptible growth plates. These wound sites are colonized by hematogenously distributed opportunistic bacteria, culminating in the gross @entity0 that are pathognomonic for terminal @entity8 . Lameness attributable to characteristic @entity8 lesions can be reproduced by rearing broilers on wire flooring to create persistent footing instability and physiological stress, without the need to inoculate the birds with pathogenic bacteria that presumably are present but quiescent within the bird's microbial communities or in the environment. Experiments using the wire-flooring model revealed innate differences in the susceptibility of broiler lines to @entity8 , and demonstrated that @entity8 incidences can be reduced by prophylactically providing probiotics in the feed, by prophylactically adding @entity7 to the drinking water, or by therapeutically adding the antibiotic @entity6 to the drinking water. Hatchery and @entity2 quality issues clearly influence the susceptibility of broilers to @entity8 . When broilers remain in a sitting posture for prolonged periods, the major arteries supplying their legs may be compressed. These episodes of inadequate blood flow may prevent chondrocyte maturation and trigger focal @entity0 , thereby making the epiphyseal and physeal cartilage highly susceptible to @entity5 and @entity8 . Much remains to be revealed regarding the pathogenesis of @entity8 . Further revelations will be facilitated by the availability of the now-validated wire-flooring models that consistently trigger high incidences of @entity8 in experimental flocks.

title: Bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis and XXXX in broilers: a review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Smoking is a risk factor for gastroduodenal ulcer and @entity3 . However, the pathophysiological mechanisms induced by acute cigarette smoking in the @entity0 gastric mucosa are poorly understood. AIM: To evaluate the effect of acute cigarette smoking, alone or with @entity2 , on the gastric permeability to @entity4 , a specific marker of @entity1 in the stomach. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty healthy volunteers (8 smokers/12 non-smokers) were studied. Each fasted subject ingested 500 ml of a 20% @entity4 solution and the amount of @entity4 excreted in a 5-hour urine collection was measured by gas chromatography Four @entity4 permeability tests were carried out: 1. basal, 2. while smoking 5 cigarettes, 3. after drinking 50 ml of a 40 degrees alcoholic beverage, 4. a combination of 2+3. RESULTS: @entity4 excretion increased after @entity2 ingestion (40.5 +/- 6.0 mg vs 143.1 +/- 28.9 mg, p = 0.002), but was not modified by acute cigarette smoking (34.4 +/- 5.9 mg). When @entity2 and cigarettes were simultaneously consumed, the increase in @entity2 -induced @entity4 excretion was significantly reduced (73.1 +/- 16.6 mg, p = 0.03). Basal @entity4 excretion was similar in smokers and non-smokers. However, in acute cigarette smoking, a decrease in @entity4 excretion was observed in smokers (p = 0.02) but not in non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that acute cigarette smoking may tighten the gastric mucosa in habitual smokers and this is associated with a smaller increase of gastric permeability induced by @entity2 .

title: Effect of acute cigarette smoking, alone or with XXXX , on gastric barrier function in healthy volunteers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. In this article we review the studies of @entity6 in a @entity1 model of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). 2. Intranigral administration of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) to @entity1 causes a partial lesion in the substantia nigra, compact part (SNc) and a specific loss of @entity5 and its metabolites in the striatum of @entity1 . 3. These animals present @entity7 but no sensorimotor impairments, thus modeling the early phase of @entity3 when @entity2 are observed but the motor symptoms of the disease are barely present. 4. The @entity2 observed in these animals affect memory tasks proposed to model habit learning (the cued version of the water maze task and the two-way active avoidance task) and working memory (a working memory version of the water maze), but spare long-term spatial memory (the spatial reference version of the Morris water maze). 5. The treatment of these animals with levodopa in a dose that restores the striatal level of @entity5 does not reverse these @entity6 , probably because this treatment promotes a high level of @entity5 in extrastriatal brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. 6. On the other hand, the @entity4 receptor antagonist, @entity9 , partly reverse the @entity6 effect of SNc lesion in these @entity1 . This effect may be due to @entity9 action on nigrostriatal neurons, since it induces @entity5 release and modulates the interaction between @entity4 and @entity5 receptor activity. 7. These results suggest that the MPTP SNc-lesioned @entity1 are a good model to study @entity6 related to @entity3 and that @entity9 and other selective A(2A) @entity4 receptor antagonists are promising drugs to treat this symptoms in @entity3 @entity0 .

title: The lesion of the @entity1 substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons as a model for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. In this article we review the studies of @entity6 in a @entity1 model of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). 2. Intranigral administration of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) to @entity1 causes a partial lesion in the substantia nigra, compact part (SNc) and a specific loss of @entity5 and its metabolites in the striatum of @entity1 . 3. These animals present @entity7 but no sensorimotor impairments, thus modeling the early phase of @entity3 when @entity2 are observed but the motor symptoms of the disease are barely present. 4. The @entity2 observed in these animals affect memory tasks proposed to model habit learning (the cued version of the water maze task and the two-way active avoidance task) and working memory (a working memory version of the water maze), but spare long-term spatial memory (the spatial reference version of the Morris water maze). 5. The treatment of these animals with levodopa in a dose that restores the striatal level of @entity5 does not reverse these @entity6 , probably because this treatment promotes a high level of @entity5 in extrastriatal brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. 6. On the other hand, the @entity4 receptor antagonist, @entity9 , partly reverse the @entity6 effect of SNc lesion in these @entity1 . This effect may be due to @entity9 action on nigrostriatal neurons, since it induces @entity5 release and modulates the interaction between @entity4 and @entity5 receptor activity. 7. These results suggest that the MPTP SNc-lesioned @entity1 are a good model to study @entity6 related to @entity3 and that @entity9 and other selective A(2A) @entity4 receptor antagonists are promising drugs to treat this symptoms in @entity3 @entity0 .

title: The lesion of the XXXX substantia nigra pars compacta dopaminergic neurons as a model for @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is an evolutionarily conserved molecular/biochemical reaction to thermal stress that is essential to the survival of eukaryotic organisms. Recessive Mutator transposon mutations at the @entity2 empty pericarp2 ( @entity3 ) locus led to dramatically increased expression of @entity1 genes, retarded embryo development, and early-stage abortion of embryogenesis. The developmental timing of @entity3 mutant embryo lethality was correlated with the initial competence of @entity2 kernels to invoke the @entity1 . Cloning and sequence analyses revealed that the @entity3 gene encoded a predicted protein with high similarity to HEAT SHOCK BINDING PROTEIN1, which was first described in animals as a negative regulator of the @entity1 . @entity3 is a loss-of-function mutation of an @entity1 -negative regulator in plants. Despite the recessive @entity3 phenotype, steady state levels of @entity3 transcripts were abundant in mutant kernels, and the predicted coding region was unaffected. These expression data suggest that @entity3 transcription is feedback regulated, whereas S1 nuclease mapping suggests that @entity3 mutant transcripts are 5' truncated and nontranslatable. In support of this model, immunoblot assays revealed that @entity3 protein did not accumulate in mutant kernels. These data support a model whereby an unattenuated @entity1 results in the early abortion of @entity3 mutant embryos. Furthermore, the @entity0 of @entity3 mutant kernels before the @entity1 suggests an additional role for @entity3 during embryo development distinct from the @entity1 .

title: Empty pericarp2 encodes a negative regulator of the @entity1 and is required for XXXX embryogenesis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is an evolutionarily conserved molecular/biochemical reaction to thermal stress that is essential to the survival of eukaryotic organisms. Recessive Mutator transposon mutations at the @entity2 empty pericarp2 ( @entity3 ) locus led to dramatically increased expression of @entity1 genes, retarded embryo development, and early-stage abortion of embryogenesis. The developmental timing of @entity3 mutant embryo lethality was correlated with the initial competence of @entity2 kernels to invoke the @entity1 . Cloning and sequence analyses revealed that the @entity3 gene encoded a predicted protein with high similarity to HEAT SHOCK BINDING PROTEIN1, which was first described in animals as a negative regulator of the @entity1 . @entity3 is a loss-of-function mutation of an @entity1 -negative regulator in plants. Despite the recessive @entity3 phenotype, steady state levels of @entity3 transcripts were abundant in mutant kernels, and the predicted coding region was unaffected. These expression data suggest that @entity3 transcription is feedback regulated, whereas S1 nuclease mapping suggests that @entity3 mutant transcripts are 5' truncated and nontranslatable. In support of this model, immunoblot assays revealed that @entity3 protein did not accumulate in mutant kernels. These data support a model whereby an unattenuated @entity1 results in the early abortion of @entity3 mutant embryos. Furthermore, the @entity0 of @entity3 mutant kernels before the @entity1 suggests an additional role for @entity3 during embryo development distinct from the @entity1 .

title: Empty pericarp2 encodes a negative regulator of the XXXX and is required for @entity2 embryogenesis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: After focal @entity6 , depending on its localization and extent, secondary @entity3 may occur that is remote from the initial lesion. In this study differences in secondary damage of the ventroposterior thalamic nucleus (VPN) and the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were investigated with the use of different @entity2 models. METHODS: Transient @entity5 ( @entity5 ) leads to cortical @entity4 , including parts of the basal ganglia such as the globus pallidus, and to @entity0 . @entity2 generates pure cortical @entity4 sparing the basal ganglia and with only minor @entity0 . @entity3 was quantified within the ipsilateral @entity7 and VPN 14 days after @entity2 . Glial reactions were studied with the use of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity5 resulted in delayed neuronal cell loss of the ipsilateral VPN and @entity7 . Glial activation occurred in both nuclei beginning after 24 hours. @entity2 resulted in delayed neuronal cell loss only within the VPN. Even 2 weeks after @entity2 , glial activation could only be seen within the VPN. CONCLUSIONS: Pure cortical @entity4 after @entity2 , without major @entity0 and without effects on the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia, only lead to secondary VPN damage that is possibly due to @entity8 . @entity5 , which results in @entity4 and which causes @entity0 , leads to secondary damage in the VPN and @entity7 . Thus, additional @entity1 may be due to loss of protective GABAergic input from the globus pallidus to the @entity7 or due to the extensive @entity0 . @entity8 is not possible because the @entity7 , in contrast to the VPN, has no efferents to the cortex.

title: Different mechanisms of secondary XXXX in thalamic nuclei after focal @entity6 in rats.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: After focal @entity6 , depending on its localization and extent, secondary @entity3 may occur that is remote from the initial lesion. In this study differences in secondary damage of the ventroposterior thalamic nucleus (VPN) and the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were investigated with the use of different @entity2 models. METHODS: Transient @entity5 ( @entity5 ) leads to cortical @entity4 , including parts of the basal ganglia such as the globus pallidus, and to @entity0 . @entity2 generates pure cortical @entity4 sparing the basal ganglia and with only minor @entity0 . @entity3 was quantified within the ipsilateral @entity7 and VPN 14 days after @entity2 . Glial reactions were studied with the use of immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: @entity5 resulted in delayed neuronal cell loss of the ipsilateral VPN and @entity7 . Glial activation occurred in both nuclei beginning after 24 hours. @entity2 resulted in delayed neuronal cell loss only within the VPN. Even 2 weeks after @entity2 , glial activation could only be seen within the VPN. CONCLUSIONS: Pure cortical @entity4 after @entity2 , without major @entity0 and without effects on the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia, only lead to secondary VPN damage that is possibly due to @entity8 . @entity5 , which results in @entity4 and which causes @entity0 , leads to secondary damage in the VPN and @entity7 . Thus, additional @entity1 may be due to loss of protective GABAergic input from the globus pallidus to the @entity7 or due to the extensive @entity0 . @entity8 is not possible because the @entity7 , in contrast to the VPN, has no efferents to the cortex.

title: Different mechanisms of secondary @entity3 in thalamic nuclei after focal XXXX in rats.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The aims of this study were to determine whether @entity0 @entity4 express @entity2 or Fas, whether @entity2 expression is associated with increased apoptotic induction, especially, @entity1 -infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) and whether apoptotic induction is associated with the @entity1 stage and histologic type. Early @entity4 (EGC) (n=38) and advanced @entity4 (AGC) (n=61) cases were analyzed in @entity0 who received gastric resection from 1997 to 1998. There were 38 diffuse type and 61 intestinal type cases. Immunohistochemical staining for Fas, @entity2 and @entity5 , TACS trade mark in situ apoptosis detection kit, and double staining with the observation under a confocal scanning laser microscope were employed. @entity2 was localized to neoplastic cells in 23 cases (61%) of EGC group and 40 cases (66%) of AGC group. The extent of @entity2 expression was variable, with both @entity2 -positive and -negative neoplastic regions occurring within @entity1 . TILs were detected by @entity5 , and apoptosis of TILs as detected by co-expression of @entity5 and TACS on serial histologic sections. TILs adjacent to @entity2 expressing @entity1 regions were decreased in number and TILs adjacent to @entity2 -negative @entity1 regions were increased in number; apoptotic induction of TIL showed the opposite pattern (p<0.05). Fas was expressed homogeneously throughout the @entity1 masses independent of the @entity1 stage. Fas expression in 39 cases (64%) was intestinal type and in 26 cases (68%), diffuse type. Labeling indices for tumoral apoptosis in EGC and AGC were 6.72% and 7.13%, respectively. Co-expression of @entity2 and Fas, which occurrs over large areas of the @entity1 , did not result in an enhanced rate of @entity1 cell apoptosis. In addition, @entity1 stage and other prognostic factors were not associated with Fas and @entity2 expressions, number of TIL and apoptotic induction. A statistically significant @entity3 concomitant with significantly increased TIL apoptosis adjacent to @entity2 -expressing regions of @entity4 were demonstrated. This finding suggests Fas-mediated apoptotic depletion of TIL in response to @entity2 expression in @entity1 , and provides evidence to support the Fas counterattack theory as a mechanism of immune escape in @entity4 . Furthermore, @entity4 cells of the intestinal and the diffuse type did not differ in their expression of the Fas-apoptotic system.

title: Fas-related apoptosis in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 ( @entity5 , @entity5 ) is a rare (~ 1/1500.000), @entity2 (affects @entity0 ) due to deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme @entity7 sulfatase (Xq.28). The complex clinical picture includes @entity6 with a tendency to @entity4 and disability. In our country, the specific diagnosis and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), are recently available in the Center for Genetic Pathology Cluj. OBJECTIVES: Assessment of clinical features, radiological and imaging of @entity6 in @entity5 and their evolution under ERT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 9 male @entity0 with a suggestive clinical picture of @entity5 ; the diagnosis was confirmed by enzymatic assay and the @entity0 were treated with ERT. @entity6 was assessed before treatment: a) clinical tests (joint goniometry, walking test) and b) radiology (X-rays of the hand and wrist, spine and pelvis), bone densitometry in five @entity0 . Clinical tests were repeated after therapy. RESULTS: @entity3 was present in all @entity0 . Joint mobility was reduced with quasi stationary trend after 12 months of treatment. The walking test was improved after treatment. Radiological assessment revealed: hand bones changes, delayed bone age, vertebral changes, pelvis changes, kipho-scoliosis and @entity1 of the femoral head in 100%, 88%, 88%, 55% and 11% respectively. Bone mineral density was normal in five of the nine @entity0 evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 with @entity4 is an essential component of the clinical picture of @entity5 . ERT allows an improvement/arrest of evolution (depending on disease severity and time of initiating therapy).

title: @entity6 in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 ( @entity5 , @entity5 ) is a rare (~ 1/1500.000), @entity2 (affects @entity0 ) due to deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme @entity7 sulfatase (Xq.28). The complex clinical picture includes @entity6 with a tendency to @entity4 and disability. In our country, the specific diagnosis and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), are recently available in the Center for Genetic Pathology Cluj. OBJECTIVES: Assessment of clinical features, radiological and imaging of @entity6 in @entity5 and their evolution under ERT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 9 male @entity0 with a suggestive clinical picture of @entity5 ; the diagnosis was confirmed by enzymatic assay and the @entity0 were treated with ERT. @entity6 was assessed before treatment: a) clinical tests (joint goniometry, walking test) and b) radiology (X-rays of the hand and wrist, spine and pelvis), bone densitometry in five @entity0 . Clinical tests were repeated after therapy. RESULTS: @entity3 was present in all @entity0 . Joint mobility was reduced with quasi stationary trend after 12 months of treatment. The walking test was improved after treatment. Radiological assessment revealed: hand bones changes, delayed bone age, vertebral changes, pelvis changes, kipho-scoliosis and @entity1 of the femoral head in 100%, 88%, 88%, 55% and 11% respectively. Bone mineral density was normal in five of the nine @entity0 evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 with @entity4 is an essential component of the clinical picture of @entity5 . ERT allows an improvement/arrest of evolution (depending on disease severity and time of initiating therapy).

title: XXXX in @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To record and analyse the injuries and conditions requiring referral to the @entity3 and Rehabilitation Centre over a three year period, with special reference to type and site of injury, aetiology, and outcome. METHODS: An ongoing prospective study in which data on the diagnosis, cause of injury, and treatment of all @entity0 referred to the Centre was coded and stored on a database. A total of seventeen variables were recorded. SUBJECTS: All @entity0 were trained, serving soldiers in the British Army referred via their General Practitioner to the Sports Injury and Rehabilitation Centre. RESULTS: A total of 3921 referrals were made over the three-year period. The most common specific condition seen was @entity2 (22.2%) followed by sprain of the ankle (15.1%). Lower limb conditions, both overuse and traumatic, accounted for over half (55.8%) of all referrals. Military training was the most common cause of all conditions (35.2%) followed by organised or personal sport (28.5%). In addition to medical treatment and physiotherapy, 30% of @entity0 required formal rehabilitation. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first full review of the data collected by the Sports Injury and Rehabilitation Centre. It defines the injury patterns for trained soldiers rather than military recruits. Low back @entity1 is identified as a major cause of morbidity in this population. The review serves as a benchmark in the planning of injury prevention strategies and the establishment of future rehabilitation services.

title: Sports and training injuries in British soldiers: the XXXX and Rehabilitation Centre.

answer: @entity3


abstract: From 1966 to 1986, a total of 55 @entity0 underwent a @entity4 (53 right and 2 left) for @entity1 . Preoperative radiotherapy was given in only 5 @entity0 . The overall operative death rate was 10.9%, but no @entity0 has died since 1975 (32 survivors). Seven @entity0 had a postoperative @entity3 (12.7%); 4 of these @entity0 had a @entity2 . Twenty-five @entity0 had postoperative radiotherapy, 5 of whom also had chemotherapy. The actuarial survival rate, after exclusion of the 6 operative deaths, was 38% at 3 years and 23% at 5 years. Survival was correlated to regional lymph node involvement. The actuarial survival rate among @entity0 with tumoral spread to bronchial lymph nodes was 43% at 3 years. Among the 13 @entity0 with only subcarinal involvement, the actuarial survival rate was 34% at 3 years. None of the 8 @entity0 with paratracheal lymph node involvement survived more than 30 months. These results indicate that @entity4 for @entity1 with extension to the carina is now fully justified considering the low operative mortality and the good results observed when lateral tracheal lymph nodes were not involved.

title: @entity4 for XXXX : report of 55 cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: From 1966 to 1986, a total of 55 @entity0 underwent a @entity4 (53 right and 2 left) for @entity1 . Preoperative radiotherapy was given in only 5 @entity0 . The overall operative death rate was 10.9%, but no @entity0 has died since 1975 (32 survivors). Seven @entity0 had a postoperative @entity3 (12.7%); 4 of these @entity0 had a @entity2 . Twenty-five @entity0 had postoperative radiotherapy, 5 of whom also had chemotherapy. The actuarial survival rate, after exclusion of the 6 operative deaths, was 38% at 3 years and 23% at 5 years. Survival was correlated to regional lymph node involvement. The actuarial survival rate among @entity0 with tumoral spread to bronchial lymph nodes was 43% at 3 years. Among the 13 @entity0 with only subcarinal involvement, the actuarial survival rate was 34% at 3 years. None of the 8 @entity0 with paratracheal lymph node involvement survived more than 30 months. These results indicate that @entity4 for @entity1 with extension to the carina is now fully justified considering the low operative mortality and the good results observed when lateral tracheal lymph nodes were not involved.

title: XXXX for @entity1 : report of 55 cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Anti- @entity11 -receptor ( @entity11 -R) @entity5 is a new autoimmune, often @entity3 that presents with complex neuropsychiatric symptoms. It was first described in 2007 by Dalmau et al. Our @entity0 presented with @entity2 , behavioral changes and then @entity7 with @entity9 . She was initially misdiagnosed to have @entity4 and was prescribed antipsychotics. She deteriorated and developed further @entity7 with @entity10 and @entity12 . Her blood investigations were positive for @entity13 IGM. Her CSF studies showed high white cell counts, predominantly lymphocytes, and high anti- @entity11 -R titre. Her brain MRI scans showed high @entity14 and FLAIR intensities in the grey and white matter of the left cerebellar hemisphere suggestive of acute disseminated @entity8 . She responded to treatment with antibiotics, multiple antiepileptics, @entity6 and needed five sessions of plasmapheresis. There was no underlying @entity1 on repeated scanning of the abdomen. She needed around one year for full recovery with intensive rehabilitation. The objective of this paper was to highlight the occurrence of this fairly new, challenging, easily missed, not-so-rare form of @entity5 often occurring in the absence of fever.

title: First Bahraini adolescent with anti-NMDAR-Ab XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Articular cartilage (AC) injuries and @entity2 are commonly noticed because of @entity1 or age-related degeneration. Many methods have been adopted for replacing or repairing the damaged tissue. Currently available AC repair methods, in several cases, fail to yield good-quality long-lasting results, perhaps because the reconstructed tissue lacks the cellular and matrix properties seen in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). PURPOSE: To reconstruct @entity3 tissue from 2-dimensional (2D) and 3-dimensional (3D) cultures of AC-derived @entity0 chondrocytes that would specifically exhibit the cellular and biochemical properties of the deep layer of @entity3 . STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive laboratory study. METHODS: Two-dimensional cultures of @entity0 AC-derived chondrocytes were established in classical medium (CM) and newly defined medium (NDM) and maintained for a period of 6 weeks. These cells were suspended in 2 mm-thick collagen I gels, placed in 24-well culture inserts, and further cultured up to 30 days. Properties of chondrocytes, grown in 2D cultures and the reconstructed 3D cartilage tissue, were studied by optical and scanning electron microscopic techniques, immunohistochemistry, and cartilage-specific gene expression profiling by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and were compared with those of the deep layer of native @entity0 AC. RESULTS: Two-dimensional chondrocyte cultures grown in NDM, in comparison with those grown in CM, showed more chondrocyte-specific gene activity and matrix properties. The NDM-grown chondrocytes in 3D cultures also showed better reproduction of deep layer properties of @entity3 , as confirmed by microscopic and gene expression analysis. The method used in this study can yield cartilage tissue up to approximately 1.6 cm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness that satisfies the very low cell density and matrix composition properties present in the deep layer of normal @entity3 . CONCLUSION: This study presents a novel and reproducible method for long-term culture of AC-derived chondrocytes and reconstruction of cartilage tissue with properties similar to the deep layer of @entity3 in vitro. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The @entity3 tissue obtained by the method described can be used to develop an implantable product for the replacement of damaged or malformed AC, especially in younger @entity0 where the lesions are caused by @entity1 or mechanical stress.

title: Reconstruction of Hyaline Cartilage Deep Layer Properties in 3-Dimensional Cultures of XXXX Articular Chondrocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are limited data on @entity1 sustained during @entity0 's lacrosse. As the sport gains popularity, practitioners will be more likely to treat lacrosse players. PURPOSE: To analyze data from the 2010 World Lacrosse Championships. STUDY DESIGN: Descriptive epidemiology study. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of @entity1 reported during the 2010 World Lacrosse Championships. An @entity1 was completed, and data were categorized into body part injured, diagnosis, mechanism, and time of injury. RESULTS: Over 9 days, 667 players from 29 countries competed in 105 games. A total of 150 @entity1 were sustained by 129 individuals aged 16 to 46 years. Five times more @entity1 occurred during games than in training (69.3% [n = 104] vs 13.3% [n = 20]; rate ratio [95% CI] = 5.2 [4.9-5.5]), resulting in 39.5 @entity1 per 1000 hours played. The most frequent mechanism was contact (53.3%; n = 80), including direct impact with another player (30%; n = 45), with a stick (16.7%; n = 25), or with a ball (5.3%; n = 8). Change of direction and/or speed were the most common noncontact mechanisms (27.3%; n = 41). The most frequently reported @entity1 were contusions (32.0%; n = 48), sprains (22.7%; n = 34), and strains (22.7%; n = 34). The lower limb was the most injured body part (50.7%; n = 76) compared with the upper limb (23.3%; n = 35; rate ratio [95% CI] = 2.2 [2.1-2.3]). The ankle was the most injured joint (14.0%; n = 21), followed by the shoulder (10.0%; n = 15). CONCLUSION: As participation expands, health professionals may become more responsible for treating lacrosse players. Players are susceptible to a range of @entity1 . Familiarity with the common injury patterns could help treatment and prevention. Despite differences in rules during international competition, this study corroborates reports from North America. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The epidemiology of @entity0 's lacrosse @entity1 needs to be documented and understood to effectively prevent @entity1 . The 2014 World Championships are to be held in Denver, Colorado (July 10-19, 2014), and it is important that practitioners treating players are aware of the differences in the international game. Publication of these data will allow for those planning lacrosse tournaments to do so more effectively.

title: Injuries in Elite XXXX 's Lacrosse: An Observational Study During the 2010 World Championships.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To gain more insight into the relationship between foveal and peripheral @entity4 in @entity0 , spheres, cylinders, and their axes were binocularly measured across the visual field in myopic, emmetropic, and hyperopic groups of young subjects. Both automated infrared photorefraction (the "PowerRefractor"; www. plusoptix.de) and a double-pass technique were used because the PowerRefractor provided extensive data from the central 44 deg of the visual field in a very convenient and fast way. Two-dimensional maps for the average cross cylinders and spherical equivalents, as well as for the axes of the power meridians of the cylinders, were created. A small amount of lower-field @entity3 was detected with a significant vertical gradient in spherical equivalents. In the central visual field there was little difference among the three refractive groups. The established double-pass technique provided complementary data also from the far periphery. At 45 deg eccentricity the double-pass technique revealed relatively more hyperopic spherical equivalents in myopic subjects than in emmetropic subjects [+/-2.73 +/- 2.85 D relative to the fovea, p < 0.01 (+/- standard deviation)] and more myopic spherical equivalents in hyperopic subjects (-3.84 +/- 2.86 D relative to the fovea, p < 0.01). Owing to the pronounced peripheral @entity2 , spherical equivalents (refractions with respect to the plane of the circle of least @entity1 ) became myopic relative to the fovea in all three groups. The finding of general peripheral @entity3 was unexpected. Its possible roles in foveal refractive development are discussed.

title: Peripheral XXXX in myopic, emmetropic, and hyperopic young subjects.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Prospectively follow pediatric @entity1 @entity0 to assess outcomes and rates of appendiceal perforations relative to duration of symptomatology and appendectomy timing. METHODS: Data were collected on the duration of symptomatology to diagnosis and from diagnosis to appendectomy. Symptomatology duration was evaluated in 24-hour increments, and diagnosis to appendectomy was evaluated in 3-hour intervals. Appendiceal perforation rates, hospital length of stay (LOS), and operating room (OR) times were evaluated. RESULTS: Data were analyzed on 230 @entity0 . Average age was 9.3 years (  3.2), 93 (40%) were female, and 64 (28%) appendectomies were perforated. Perforations had a mean 10 minutes longer OR time (63 vs 50 minutes, P < 0.001) and a 57% increase in hospital LOS (3 days' interquartile range, 1-5 vs 1 day's interquartile range, 1-3; P < 0.001). From diagnosis to appendectomy, those taken 0 to 3 hours, 4 to 6 hours, or longer than 6 hours after diagnosis had no statistically significant difference in hospital LOS or perforation rates and no clinically significant difference in OR times. Symptomatology greater than 48 hours had hospital LOS 55.7% greater and 4.9 times increased odds for perforation than those 0 to 23 hours (P < 0.05).We found no effect on perforation rates, hospital LOS, or OR time when symptomatology duration was compared independently with timing of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric @entity0 with @entity1 presenting with greater than 48 hours of symptomatology had 4.9 times increased odds of perforation and 56% greater hospital LOS than those presenting within 0 to 23 hours. We were unable to demonstrate a difference in perforation rates based on emergency department LOS before surgery.

title: Effects of Timing to Diagnosis and Appendectomy in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a high-resolution imaging technique with potential additive value in the evaluation of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). We aimed to assess the prognostic value of @entity6 in asymptomatic @entity0 with @entity2 compared to conventional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). METHODS: 116 @entity0 with asymptomatic @entity2 (Vmax>2.5m/s assessed by clinical screening TTE, LVEF>50%) were examined with TTE (Vivid e9) and @entity6 (Aquilion 320) on the same day. The treating physician was blinded for research protocol defined imaging results. Outcome was defined as indication for aortic valve replacement (AVR) determined by the treating physician or @entity3 . RESULTS: The mean age was 72 (8) years, 27% were @entity0 , mean AVA by TTE was 1.01 (0.30) cm(2). Median follow up time was 27 (IQR 19-44) months. Forty seven @entity0 (41%) developed indication for AVR. No @entity0 suffered a @entity3 . AVA and @entity4 were significant univariable predictors of AVR when measured by both TTE and @entity6 , whereas left ventricular mass was only significant measured by @entity6 . Significant @entity1 by @entity6 tended to predict future indication for AVR, but this did not reach statistical significance (HR: 1.79 (95% CI 0.96-3.44), p=0.08). CONCLUSION: @entity6 derived AVA can be of use as an alternative to TTE derived @entity5 in @entity0 with asymptomatic @entity2 to predict future clinical indication for AVR.

title: Prognostic value of multi-detector computed tomography in asymptomatic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 -induced prostatic development encompasses many individual processes such as ductal branching morphogenesis, cellular proliferation, and secretory cytodifferentiation. Previous studies of ductal morphogenesis (Y. Sugimura, G.R. Cunha, and A.A. Donjacour, 1986, Biol. Reprod. 34, 961-971) demonstrated that the majority (approximately 70%) of ductal @entity2 and branchpoints in the @entity0 prostate is generated before 15 days of age. Since circulating @entity1 levels are low during this neonatal period, it is possible that ductal branching morphogenesis may not require the continuous presence of @entity3 . To test this hypothesis @entity0 were castrated within 24 hr of birth, and prostates from these @entity0 were microdissected at various ages from 5 to 120 days of age to assess the number of ductal @entity2 and branchpoints; wet weight and DNA content were also determined. In intact males wet weight and DNA content increased rapidly between 15 and 60 days of age, after most of the prostatic ductal architecture had been laid down. Neonatal castration considerably reduced the number of @entity2 and branchpoints in both the ventral and dorsolateral prostate, yet both lobes still underwent significant branching morphogenesis in the absence of testes. The administration of anti- @entity3 to neonatal castrates did not suppress ductal branching to any greater extent than did neonatal castration alone. @entity1 replacement immediately following neonatal castration resulted in precocious attainment of the adult number of @entity2 and branchpoints, but caused only modest increases in wet weight. In contrast, when @entity1 replacement was delayed until adulthood, prostatic wet weight increased to normal adult levels, but the number of ductal @entity2 and branchpoints did not. These experiments show that neonatal prostatic ductal morphogenesis is sensitive to, but does not require, chronic @entity1 stimulation.

title: The effect of XXXX deprivation on branching morphogenesis in the @entity0 prostate.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 -induced prostatic development encompasses many individual processes such as ductal branching morphogenesis, cellular proliferation, and secretory cytodifferentiation. Previous studies of ductal morphogenesis (Y. Sugimura, G.R. Cunha, and A.A. Donjacour, 1986, Biol. Reprod. 34, 961-971) demonstrated that the majority (approximately 70%) of ductal @entity2 and branchpoints in the @entity0 prostate is generated before 15 days of age. Since circulating @entity1 levels are low during this neonatal period, it is possible that ductal branching morphogenesis may not require the continuous presence of @entity3 . To test this hypothesis @entity0 were castrated within 24 hr of birth, and prostates from these @entity0 were microdissected at various ages from 5 to 120 days of age to assess the number of ductal @entity2 and branchpoints; wet weight and DNA content were also determined. In intact males wet weight and DNA content increased rapidly between 15 and 60 days of age, after most of the prostatic ductal architecture had been laid down. Neonatal castration considerably reduced the number of @entity2 and branchpoints in both the ventral and dorsolateral prostate, yet both lobes still underwent significant branching morphogenesis in the absence of testes. The administration of anti- @entity3 to neonatal castrates did not suppress ductal branching to any greater extent than did neonatal castration alone. @entity1 replacement immediately following neonatal castration resulted in precocious attainment of the adult number of @entity2 and branchpoints, but caused only modest increases in wet weight. In contrast, when @entity1 replacement was delayed until adulthood, prostatic wet weight increased to normal adult levels, but the number of ductal @entity2 and branchpoints did not. These experiments show that neonatal prostatic ductal morphogenesis is sensitive to, but does not require, chronic @entity1 stimulation.

title: The effect of @entity1 deprivation on branching morphogenesis in the XXXX prostate.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In vivo voltammetry was used to measure the synaptic release of @entity1 striatal @entity4 and @entity3 after the administration of the @entity2 @entity7 to @entity5 -induced @entity0 @entity1 . @entity4 and @entity3 release from @entity1 striatum was studied at a short-term or acute (3-day) interval and a long-term or chronic (3- to 7-wk) interval after the induction of @entity0 . The study was also done in age-, sex-, and food-matched controls. The findings show that @entity7 decreased @entity4 release from @entity1 striatum in nondiabetic @entity1 . The decreased striatal @entity4 release, after @entity7 administration, was exacerbated in acutely @entity0 @entity1 and further exacerbated in chronically @entity0 @entity1 . By contrast, @entity1 striatal @entity3 release predictably increased after @entity7 injection in nondiabetic @entity1 . A further increased striatal @entity3 release was seen in acutely @entity0 @entity1 . Chronically @entity0 @entity1 , however, responded to @entity7 with a dramatic and significant decrease in striatal @entity3 release. The results show that in acutely @entity0 and normal @entity1 , @entity7 administration reduced striatal @entity4 and increased striatal @entity3 release, whereas in chronically @entity0 @entity1 , the release of both biogenic @entity6 was decreased. The findings indicate that the progression of @entity0 is associated with an impaired ability to release primary neurotransmitter biogenic @entity6 .

title: @entity0 -related changes in XXXX -induced release of striatal biogenic @entity6 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: In vivo voltammetry was used to measure the synaptic release of @entity1 striatal @entity4 and @entity3 after the administration of the @entity2 @entity7 to @entity5 -induced @entity0 @entity1 . @entity4 and @entity3 release from @entity1 striatum was studied at a short-term or acute (3-day) interval and a long-term or chronic (3- to 7-wk) interval after the induction of @entity0 . The study was also done in age-, sex-, and food-matched controls. The findings show that @entity7 decreased @entity4 release from @entity1 striatum in nondiabetic @entity1 . The decreased striatal @entity4 release, after @entity7 administration, was exacerbated in acutely @entity0 @entity1 and further exacerbated in chronically @entity0 @entity1 . By contrast, @entity1 striatal @entity3 release predictably increased after @entity7 injection in nondiabetic @entity1 . A further increased striatal @entity3 release was seen in acutely @entity0 @entity1 . Chronically @entity0 @entity1 , however, responded to @entity7 with a dramatic and significant decrease in striatal @entity3 release. The results show that in acutely @entity0 and normal @entity1 , @entity7 administration reduced striatal @entity4 and increased striatal @entity3 release, whereas in chronically @entity0 @entity1 , the release of both biogenic @entity6 was decreased. The findings indicate that the progression of @entity0 is associated with an impaired ability to release primary neurotransmitter biogenic @entity6 .

title: @entity0 -related changes in @entity7 -induced release of striatal biogenic XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: In vivo voltammetry was used to measure the synaptic release of @entity1 striatal @entity4 and @entity3 after the administration of the @entity2 @entity7 to @entity5 -induced @entity0 @entity1 . @entity4 and @entity3 release from @entity1 striatum was studied at a short-term or acute (3-day) interval and a long-term or chronic (3- to 7-wk) interval after the induction of @entity0 . The study was also done in age-, sex-, and food-matched controls. The findings show that @entity7 decreased @entity4 release from @entity1 striatum in nondiabetic @entity1 . The decreased striatal @entity4 release, after @entity7 administration, was exacerbated in acutely @entity0 @entity1 and further exacerbated in chronically @entity0 @entity1 . By contrast, @entity1 striatal @entity3 release predictably increased after @entity7 injection in nondiabetic @entity1 . A further increased striatal @entity3 release was seen in acutely @entity0 @entity1 . Chronically @entity0 @entity1 , however, responded to @entity7 with a dramatic and significant decrease in striatal @entity3 release. The results show that in acutely @entity0 and normal @entity1 , @entity7 administration reduced striatal @entity4 and increased striatal @entity3 release, whereas in chronically @entity0 @entity1 , the release of both biogenic @entity6 was decreased. The findings indicate that the progression of @entity0 is associated with an impaired ability to release primary neurotransmitter biogenic @entity6 .

title: XXXX -related changes in @entity7 -induced release of striatal biogenic @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 has emerged as an adjunct to other forms of @entity1 therapy. Interstitial microwave irradiation is an effective method of inducing localized brain @entity0 . One of the problems with this technique, however, is the overheating of tissue adjacent to the antenna. In this study, a cooling system for the interstitial microwave antenna was developed for the purpose of providing uniform and accurate heating by the elimination of overheating. The ability to generate more uniform hyperthermic fields was evaluated in normal monkey brains. Six monkeys under general anesthesia and controlled respiration underwent parietooccipital craniectomies 4 x 4 cm in size. The antenna cooling system was constructed of a @entity2 tube 5.0 mm in outer diameter. @entity2 -coated interstitial microwave antennae 1.5 mm in diameter were used. A single antenna or a square array (1.6 cm on a side) of 4 antennae was inserted into the brain with the coupled system to a depth of 2 cm. The brain tissue was heated by 2450-MHz microwave irradiation. Temperature distributions were mapped using nonperturbing thermocouples. These thermal profiles were compared with those generated without the cooling system. In the experiments with the single antenna, the antenna cooling system eliminated the overheating and rapid radial falloff in temperature, without a reduction of the hyperthermic field. In the four-antennae experiments using the cooling system, the thermal field was dramatically flattened with minimal reduction in size; however, the area maintained at a therapeutic temperature range (42-45 degrees C) was significantly enlarged by the cooling system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX for @entity1 : improved delivery with a new cooling system.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 has emerged as an adjunct to other forms of @entity1 therapy. Interstitial microwave irradiation is an effective method of inducing localized brain @entity0 . One of the problems with this technique, however, is the overheating of tissue adjacent to the antenna. In this study, a cooling system for the interstitial microwave antenna was developed for the purpose of providing uniform and accurate heating by the elimination of overheating. The ability to generate more uniform hyperthermic fields was evaluated in normal monkey brains. Six monkeys under general anesthesia and controlled respiration underwent parietooccipital craniectomies 4 x 4 cm in size. The antenna cooling system was constructed of a @entity2 tube 5.0 mm in outer diameter. @entity2 -coated interstitial microwave antennae 1.5 mm in diameter were used. A single antenna or a square array (1.6 cm on a side) of 4 antennae was inserted into the brain with the coupled system to a depth of 2 cm. The brain tissue was heated by 2450-MHz microwave irradiation. Temperature distributions were mapped using nonperturbing thermocouples. These thermal profiles were compared with those generated without the cooling system. In the experiments with the single antenna, the antenna cooling system eliminated the overheating and rapid radial falloff in temperature, without a reduction of the hyperthermic field. In the four-antennae experiments using the cooling system, the thermal field was dramatically flattened with minimal reduction in size; however, the area maintained at a therapeutic temperature range (42-45 degrees C) was significantly enlarged by the cooling system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity0 for XXXX : improved delivery with a new cooling system.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Previous studies by a French group (Fertil Steril 44:645-651, 1985) have shown that two- to eight-cell @entity0 embryos can survive slow freeze-thawing with @entity2 in a biological freezer. These embryos were assessed for morphological appearance by phase-contrast microscopy. We assessed the structure of 25 frozen-thawed one- to 12-cell embryos, obtained from our @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and GIFT programmes, by phase-contrast and electron microscopy, using the same method of cryopreservation. One-fourth of the embryos examined had all cells intact, and more than one-half the embryos had over 50% of their cells well preserved. Some of these embryos had unequal blastomeres and cytoplasmic fragments. Ultrastructural assessment revealed good preservation of fine structure in the intact blastomeres of all embryos and maintenance of cell-to-cell contacts. Most cytoplasmic organelles, cell membranes, and nuclei were well preserved compared to nonfrozen controls. The cells that were cryoinjured showed varying degrees of disorganization of the cell membrane, cytosol, and cellular membranes, including swelling and disruption of the nuclear envelope. Disruption of the zona was somewhat rare. Small cytoplasmic fragments were less prone to cryoinjury than blastomeres. The use of @entity2 for embryo cryopreservation seems to be feasible; frozen embryos with more than 50% cells intact have produced 10 pregnancies after embryo transfer (Fertil Steril 46:268-272, 1986). Replacement of 17 frozen embryos in seven @entity0 has resulted in a twin pregnancy in Singapore. However, the effects of freezing on the mitotic spindles of embryonic cells need to be investigated further.

title: Fine structure of early @entity0 embryos frozen with 1,2 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Previous studies by a French group (Fertil Steril 44:645-651, 1985) have shown that two- to eight-cell @entity0 embryos can survive slow freeze-thawing with @entity2 in a biological freezer. These embryos were assessed for morphological appearance by phase-contrast microscopy. We assessed the structure of 25 frozen-thawed one- to 12-cell embryos, obtained from our @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and GIFT programmes, by phase-contrast and electron microscopy, using the same method of cryopreservation. One-fourth of the embryos examined had all cells intact, and more than one-half the embryos had over 50% of their cells well preserved. Some of these embryos had unequal blastomeres and cytoplasmic fragments. Ultrastructural assessment revealed good preservation of fine structure in the intact blastomeres of all embryos and maintenance of cell-to-cell contacts. Most cytoplasmic organelles, cell membranes, and nuclei were well preserved compared to nonfrozen controls. The cells that were cryoinjured showed varying degrees of disorganization of the cell membrane, cytosol, and cellular membranes, including swelling and disruption of the nuclear envelope. Disruption of the zona was somewhat rare. Small cytoplasmic fragments were less prone to cryoinjury than blastomeres. The use of @entity2 for embryo cryopreservation seems to be feasible; frozen embryos with more than 50% cells intact have produced 10 pregnancies after embryo transfer (Fertil Steril 46:268-272, 1986). Replacement of 17 frozen embryos in seven @entity0 has resulted in a twin pregnancy in Singapore. However, the effects of freezing on the mitotic spindles of embryonic cells need to be investigated further.

title: Fine structure of early XXXX embryos frozen with 1,2 @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Sex reversed (Sxr), a duplication of the Y chromosomal @entity1 -determining factor in @entity0 , causes @entity1 development in XXSxr animals. No effects of Sxr on nongonadal organs are expected. However, we have previously shown that the epididymis of XXSxr pseudomale (sex-reversed) @entity0 lacks the Initial Segment. In the present study we examined the ultrastructure of the head of the epididymis of adult and 21-day old XXSxr pseudomale @entity0 . Epithelial cells of both adult and juvenile XXSxr animals contain numerous vesicles, some within mitochondria. The basal lamina is thickened and infolded. The periepithelial layer is abnormally thick, with distorted smooth muscle cells and fibrocytes that also contain lysosomelike vesicles, often in mitochondria, and excessively wide intercellular spaces. Normal collagen fibrils are infrequent; they are in part replaced by wisps of nondiscrete material, possibly immature collagen. Sxr is known to affect spermatogenesis and Sertoli cells. The abnormal conjugation of sex-determining genes in XXSxr appears also to subvert mesenchymal-epithelial development in both epididymis and @entity1 . We believe the most likely explanation of our data is that the XXSxr genotype is not @entity1 specific but also influences the epididymis directly.

title: Ultrastructural abnormalities of epididymal tissues in XXSxr pseudomale (sex-reversed) XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study examines the betel nut chewing practices, and the resulting oral clinical and histological features of 20 chewers who were without the diagnostic characteristics of @entity1 . All chewed pan; the average duration of the habit was 10.5 years and the average frequency 7.1 quids per day. Eleven complained of intermittent burning and soreness of the mouth and 12 depicted @entity3 . Only 2 subjects were free from symptoms or signs. Eighteen chewers revealed an abnormal epithelium with extensive @entity2 in 10 subjects and the rest demonstrated varying degrees of @entity2 with abnormal maturation of the epithelium. Seven of the latter showed atypia as well. @entity4 was present in 7 and pigment incontinence in 9. Varying degrees of @entity0 featured in 17 specimens and the lamina propria was dense and hyalinized in 9. No correlation was found between the histological features, the clinical features and the various aspects of the habit. It is concluded that chewing betel nut will lead to pathological changes in the mucosa, but that neither the frequency nor the duration of the habit are accurate predictors of the extent of these changes or when they are likely to occur.

title: The oral features of betel nut chewers without XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. We have devised an isolated innervated preparation of @entity1 @entity2 in which parasympathetic fibres can be stimulated either pre- or postganglionically. 2. Contractions induced by transmural stimulation of the tracheal smooth muscle and by stimulation of the proximal end of the vagus nerve were both inhibited by @entity4 and @entity8 indicating that @entity3 release from neural fibres was responsible for each contraction. 3. Only the contraction induced by stimulation of the vagus nerve was significantly inhibited by @entity9 indicating that this response was mediated by preganglionic stimulation. 4. The contractions induced by both pre- and postganglionic stimulation were potentiated by @entity7 (PGF2 alpha). The potentiation was short-lasting and could not be repeated in the same preparation. 5. In contrast @entity6 (PGD2) inhibited each form of stimulation-induced contraction in a dose-related manner. 6. In separate experiments PGF2 alpha also potentiated the contractile response to exogenous @entity3 in isolated non-innervated tracheal segments. This localizes the action of PGF2 alpha to the smooth muscle. 7. These effects of PGF2 alpha may be important in the @entity0 which accompanies @entity5 .

title: @entity7 alpha augments the response to parasympathetic fibre stimulation in an isolated innervated preparation of XXXX @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. We have devised an isolated innervated preparation of @entity1 @entity2 in which parasympathetic fibres can be stimulated either pre- or postganglionically. 2. Contractions induced by transmural stimulation of the tracheal smooth muscle and by stimulation of the proximal end of the vagus nerve were both inhibited by @entity4 and @entity8 indicating that @entity3 release from neural fibres was responsible for each contraction. 3. Only the contraction induced by stimulation of the vagus nerve was significantly inhibited by @entity9 indicating that this response was mediated by preganglionic stimulation. 4. The contractions induced by both pre- and postganglionic stimulation were potentiated by @entity7 (PGF2 alpha). The potentiation was short-lasting and could not be repeated in the same preparation. 5. In contrast @entity6 (PGD2) inhibited each form of stimulation-induced contraction in a dose-related manner. 6. In separate experiments PGF2 alpha also potentiated the contractile response to exogenous @entity3 in isolated non-innervated tracheal segments. This localizes the action of PGF2 alpha to the smooth muscle. 7. These effects of PGF2 alpha may be important in the @entity0 which accompanies @entity5 .

title: XXXX alpha augments the response to parasympathetic fibre stimulation in an isolated innervated preparation of @entity1 @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: 1. We have devised an isolated innervated preparation of @entity1 @entity2 in which parasympathetic fibres can be stimulated either pre- or postganglionically. 2. Contractions induced by transmural stimulation of the tracheal smooth muscle and by stimulation of the proximal end of the vagus nerve were both inhibited by @entity4 and @entity8 indicating that @entity3 release from neural fibres was responsible for each contraction. 3. Only the contraction induced by stimulation of the vagus nerve was significantly inhibited by @entity9 indicating that this response was mediated by preganglionic stimulation. 4. The contractions induced by both pre- and postganglionic stimulation were potentiated by @entity7 (PGF2 alpha). The potentiation was short-lasting and could not be repeated in the same preparation. 5. In contrast @entity6 (PGD2) inhibited each form of stimulation-induced contraction in a dose-related manner. 6. In separate experiments PGF2 alpha also potentiated the contractile response to exogenous @entity3 in isolated non-innervated tracheal segments. This localizes the action of PGF2 alpha to the smooth muscle. 7. These effects of PGF2 alpha may be important in the @entity0 which accompanies @entity5 .

title: @entity7 alpha augments the response to parasympathetic fibre stimulation in an isolated innervated preparation of @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Quantitative structural studies were performed in kidney biopsy specimens from 24 long-term Type 1 (insulin-dependent) @entity1 @entity0 with persistent @entity2 due to @entity4 . Ten @entity0 were receiving antihypertensive treatment, and among the remaining @entity0 the mean blood pressure was 142/91 mm Hg (SD = 11/9). The urinary albumin excretion rate showed a range from 100 to 5494 micrograms/min (geometric mean 688 micrograms/min.) Glomerular filtration rate also showed a wide range, from supranormal to markedly decreased values (128 to 28 ml.min-1. (1.73 m2)-1, mean 75). The filtration surface (interface between capillary and urinary space) per total number of @entity5 (open + occluded) was estimated by combined light-and electron microscopy. The percentage occluded glomeruli as well as structural quantities in the open glomeruli were taken into account in this estimate. A highly significant correlation was seen between glomerular filtration rate and filtration surface per nephron (r = 0.77, p less than 10(-4). The percentage occluded glomeruli contributed significantly to the variation in glomerular filtration rate (for this relationship tested separately r = -0.78, p less than 10(-5). The volume of open glomeruli was even larger than that seen in early @entity4 and tended to increase with the percentage of glomerular closure, indicating that a @entity3 might have taken place. In the open glomeruli the filtration surface constituted a smaller percent of total capillary surface (the remaining part facing the mesangial regions) than in early @entity1 @entity0 and control subjects. Our study has demonstrated that reduced glomerular filtration surface is closely associated with reduced glomerular filtration rate in Type 1 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: A strong correlation between glomerular filtration rate and filtration surface in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The concentrations of total @entity1 , phospholipids, @entity3 and lipoproteins were measured in 87 follicular fluids obtained from 35 @entity0 undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. The results were correlated with the levels of @entity2 in follicular fluid. Two different types of ovarian stimulation were used. High density lipoproteins were the dominant lipoproteins found in the preovulatory follicular fluid. Low density lipoproteins were absent or appeared in trace amounts. Significantly higher @entity3 and high density lipoprotein levels were found when stimulation with @entity0 menopausal gonadotropins and chorionic gonadotropin was applied, as compared to the @entity4 -menopausal gonadotropin-chorionic gonadotropin menstrual cycle. In both groups, extracorporal fertilization resulted in cleavage of oocytes and embryo transfer. No significant correlation between any follicular fluid lipid and @entity2 concentration was found. The lipids estimated in the follicular fluid appeared to have no influence on the oocyte fertilizability. The presence of @entity3 and high density lipoproteins in the follicular fluid may indicate follicular wall permeability under the treatment with menopausal gonadotropins.

title: Lipid and lipoprotein contents of XXXX follicular fluid.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study examined the involvement of the hormones @entity1 and @entity4 in sweat gland function during heat acclimatization. Two groups of male subjects (n = 8) were tested - one receiving a placebo (control), the other receiving @entity3 . Both groups performed cycle ergometer exercise at 50% of maximal @entity0 uptake over 10 consecutive days in an environmental chamber maintained at 39 degrees C and 30% relative humidity. Duration of exercise was 90 min on days 2-4 and 6-9, and 45 min on test days 1, 5 and 10. Electrolyte concentrations were determined by total body washdown. @entity4 increased (p less than 0.001) during exercise on day 1 in the control group but not on days 5 and 10. In contrast, @entity4 was suppressed by @entity3 and did not rise in response to exercise or heat exposure. Plasma @entity1 increased during exercise in both groups, showing no differences between groups. The @entity2 concentration in sweat decreased significantly (p less than 0.05) in the control group from day 1 to 10 but was unchanged in the treatment group. These data suggest that acclimatization-related changes in sweat gland function may be attenuated by increases in central dopaminergic activity and implicate @entity4 in control of sweat gland function.

title: Effects of XXXX on sweat gland function during heat acclimatization.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To describe the anal cushion lifting (ACL) method with preliminary clinical results. METHODS: Between January to September 2007, 127 @entity0 who received ACL method for @entity3 was investigated with informed consent. In this study, three surgeons who specialized in anorectal surgery performed the procedures. @entity0 with grade two or more severe @entity3 according to Goligher's classification were considered to be indicated for surgery. The @entity0 were given the choice to undergo either the ACL method or the ligation and excision method. ACL method is an original technique for managing @entity3 without excision. After dissecting the anal cushion from the internal sphincter muscle, the anal cushion was lifted to oral side and ligated at the proper position. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of @entity0 were recorded including complications after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 127 @entity0 were enrolled. Their median age was 42 (19-84) years, and 74.8% were female. In addition, more than 99% of the @entity0 had grade 3 or worse @entity3 . The median follow-up period was 26 (0-88) mo, and the median operative time was 15 (4-30) min. After surgery, analgesics were used for a median period of three days (0-21). @entity1 control was achieved using extra-oral analgesic drugs, although some @entity0 required intravenous injections of analgesic drugs. The median duration of the @entity0 ' postoperative hospital stay was 7 (2-13) d. A total of 10 complications (7.9%) occurred. Bleeding was observed in one @entity0 and was successfully controlled with manual compression. Urinary retention occurred in 6 @entity0 , but it disappeared spontaneously in all cases. Recurrent @entity3 developed in 3 @entity0 after 36, 47, and 61 mo, respectively. No @entity2 or persistent anal @entity1 occurred. CONCLUSION: We consider that the ACL method might be better than all other current methods for managing @entity3 .

title: Anal cushion lifting method is a novel radical management strategy for XXXX that does not involve excision or cause postoperative anal complications.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a @entity2 that causes significant morbidity in @entity0 . METHODS: The clinical features, presenting symptoms, and vascular beds involved are reviewed in the first 33 @entity0 aged <18  years who are enrolled in the United States Registry for @entity4 from five registry sites and compared with 999 adult @entity0 from 12 registry sites. RESULTS: Mean age at diagnosis was 8.4        4.8  years (16  days to 17  years). Compared with adults, @entity4 occurs in more males (42.4 vs 6  %, p   <   0.001). @entity0 with @entity4 have a stronger previous history of @entity3 (93.9 vs 69.9  %, p   =   0.002). @entity3 (100  %), @entity1 (55  %), and abdominal bruits (10.7  %) were the most common presenting signs and symptoms. @entity4 affects renal vasculature in almost all @entity0 (97 vs 69.7  %, p   =   0.003). The extra-cranial carotid vessels are less commonly involved in @entity0 (23.1 vs 73.3  %, p   <   0.001). The mesenteric arteries (38.9 vs 16.2  %, p   =   0.02) and aorta (26.3 vs 2.4  %, p   <   0.001) are more commonly involved in @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: In the United States Registry for @entity4 , @entity4 affects @entity0 from infancy throughout childhood. All @entity0 presented with @entity3 and many presented with @entity1 and abdominal bruits. In @entity0 , @entity4 most commonly affects the renal vasculature, but also frequently involves the mesenteric arteries and abdominal aorta; the carotid vessels are less frequently involved.

title: Differences between the pediatric and adult presentation of XXXX : results from the US Registry.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity7 is a physiological disturbance in the brain that follows a blow on the head. The cardinal symptom is a disturbance in @entity6 varying from a @entity3 to a dazed state. The phenomenon is self-limited and completely reversible. In cerebral contusion there is actual @entity5 . The symptoms that result vary according to the amount and location of the damage. A very small amount of damage in certain areas of the brain may be fatal, while extensive damage in other areas will be survived. Even when a @entity0 is unconscious after a @entity2 , certain simple neurologic tests can be done to determine with some accuracy the extent and location of @entity1 . When the @entity0 regains @entity6 , further bedside tests can be carried out to increase the accuracy of diagnosis. Careful observation of the @entity0 at frequent intervals is necessary to judicious application of appropriate treatment. The physician must be on the alert constantly for signs of @entity4 and should be ready to intervene surgically if necessary. In most cases of injury to the head, treatment consists of supplying to the @entity0 elements that are necessary to maintain physiologic conditions and of combating disorders arising from specific @entity5 .

title: Treatment of closed XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Sphenoidal evoked potentials (SpEPs) were recorded in 14 @entity0 with intractable @entity3 . Twelve @entity0 had electrographically proven unilateral @entity2 onset (five left, seven right). Two @entity0 had partial complex @entity2 and unilateral mesial temporal lobe lesions shown by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Thirteen @entity0 subsequently underwent temporal lobectomy. SpEPs were recorded using the P3 tonal oddball paradigm from sphenoidal electrodes referenced to scalp electrodes (i.e., T3, T4, C3, C4, Cz) and were subjected to spectral analysis for whole band (1-12.6 Hz) power. A significant relationship was found for side of @entity2 focus and reduced spectral power of the sphenoidal-temporal target SpEPs. In 10 of 14 @entity0 , SpEP spectral power was less from the "epileptogenic" than from the "nonepileptogenic" temporal lobe. Of the remaining 4 @entity0 , 2 had bilaterally equal spectral power, and 2 had lower SpEP power from the nonepileptogenic side. Postoperatively, all 13 @entity0 are @entity2 -free except for the 2 @entity0 with reduced SpEP power opposite to the ictal onset and 1 @entity0 with fluctuations in SpEP asymmetries. Spectral analysis of SpEPs appears to have utility in the assessment of @entity3 and thus in the preoperative evaluation for @entity1 surgery.

title: Spectral analysis of sphenoidal evoked potentials predicts XXXX focus.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The anaerobic threshold (AT) has been proposed as an index to assess the functional status of @entity0 with @entity5 . The focus of this report was to evaluate in post- @entity4 @entity0 the utility of the AT for (a) assessing the severity of exercise-induced left @entity2 , (b) determining the responses obtained from different treatments and (c) prescribing exercise training. We found that the AT level was lower in @entity0 with abnormal haemodynamic patterns during exercise. The AT was correlated to different degrees of exercise-induced left @entity2 . The @entity6 and @entity3 -antagonist effects have been evaluated in @entity0 with abnormal exercise haemodynamics. The resting and exertional results were in agreement with the vasodilator effects. Moreover, the time from onset of exercise to the appearance of the AT was significantly increased by the treatments. Thus, AT during pharmacological treatments may be a non-invasive useful parameter for assessing their haemodynamic effects. Finally, a 4-week intermittent training programme based on AT level was evaluated in @entity0 with abnormal resting and exertional haemodynamics. The results showed an improvement of the exercise @entity1 without negative effects on left ventricular function. Therefore, the AT seems to be useful when prescribing a rational and individualized training programme.

title: Does the study of anaerobic metabolism give quantitative information on left XXXX during exercise?

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify predictive ultrasound signs for unfavorable outcome in @entity2 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study among pregnant @entity0 with the prenatal diagnosis of @entity3 between 1998 and 2011 at the University of Wuerzburg, Germany. Analysis included prenatal ultrasound scans, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) records, and pediatric records. The collected variables included maternal and fetal demographics, as well as an analysis of predictors for unfavorable fetal outcome. Unfavorable outcome was defined by more than 2 postnatal surgical interventions, intestinal resections, and long time to oral feeding (>= 4  weeks). RESULTS: 35 cases of fetal @entity3 were diagnosed, whereby 23 cases met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated by prenatal ultrasound and postnatal outcome. Based on the postnatal situation, 15 @entity0 were classified in a good prognosis group and 8 @entity0 in a poor prognosis group. Fetuses with poor prognosis were presented later during pregnancy (21.1      6 vs. 26.9      5.3  weeks; p  <  0.01) and delivered at earlier gestational age (35.6      0.8 vs. 33.4      1.4  weeks; p  <  0.01) with lower birth weight (2074      306.3 vs. 2559      255.4  g; p  <  0.01). There were no differences in prenatal findings like growth restriction, amniotic fluid index, or Doppler results between good and poor prognosis group. However, early detected and long-lasting @entity1 was associated with poor prognosis. CONCLUSION: Late presentation and early gestational age at delivery are associated with poor prognosis in neonates with @entity3 . Furthermore, early onset as well as long duration of @entity1 is associated with poor fetal outcome, while other ultrasound characteristics are not able to predict poor prognosis of @entity3 .

title: Prenatal sonographic ultrasound predictors for the outcome in XXXX : a retrospective analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a severe, disabling and prevalent @entity1 without cure and with a variable, incomplete pharmacotherapeutic response. Prior to onset in adolescence or young adulthood a prodromal period of abnormal symptoms lasting weeks to years has been identified and operationalized as @entity3 ( @entity3 ) for @entity2 . However, only a minority of subjects prospectively identified with @entity3 convert to @entity2 , thereby limiting enthusiasm for early intervention(s). This study utilized objective resting electroencephalogram (EEG) quantification to determine whether @entity3 constitutes a cohesive entity and an evoked potential to assess @entity3 cortical auditory processing. METHODS: This study constitutes an EEG-based quantitative neurophysiological comparison between two unmedicated subject groups: 35 neurotypical controls (CON) and 22 @entity3 @entity0 . After artifact management, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) identified EEG spectral and spectral coherence factors described by associated loading patterns. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) determined factors' discrimination success between subjects in the CON and @entity3 groups. Loading patterns on DFA-selected factors described @entity3 -specific spectral and coherence differences when compared to controls. The frequency modulated auditory evoked response (FMAER) explored functional CON- @entity3 differences within the superior temporal gyri. RESULTS: Variable reduction by @entity4 identified 40 coherence-based factors explaining 77.8  % of the total variance and 40 spectral factors explaining 95.9  % of the variance. DFA demonstrated significant CON- @entity3 group difference (P <0.00001) and successful jackknifed subject classification (CON, 85.7  %; @entity3 , 86.4  % correct). The population distribution plotted along the canonical discriminant variable was clearly bimodal. Coherence factors delineated loading patterns of altered connectivity primarily involving the bilateral posterior temporal electrodes. However, FMAER analysis showed no CON- @entity3 group differences. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 subjects form a cohesive group, significantly separable from CON subjects by EEG-derived indices. Symptoms of @entity3 may relate to altered connectivity with the posterior temporal regions but not to primary auditory processing abnormalities within these regions.

title: Neurophysiological differences between @entity0 clinically at high risk for XXXX and neurotypical controls - first steps in development of a biomarker.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a severe, disabling and prevalent @entity1 without cure and with a variable, incomplete pharmacotherapeutic response. Prior to onset in adolescence or young adulthood a prodromal period of abnormal symptoms lasting weeks to years has been identified and operationalized as @entity3 ( @entity3 ) for @entity2 . However, only a minority of subjects prospectively identified with @entity3 convert to @entity2 , thereby limiting enthusiasm for early intervention(s). This study utilized objective resting electroencephalogram (EEG) quantification to determine whether @entity3 constitutes a cohesive entity and an evoked potential to assess @entity3 cortical auditory processing. METHODS: This study constitutes an EEG-based quantitative neurophysiological comparison between two unmedicated subject groups: 35 neurotypical controls (CON) and 22 @entity3 @entity0 . After artifact management, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) identified EEG spectral and spectral coherence factors described by associated loading patterns. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) determined factors' discrimination success between subjects in the CON and @entity3 groups. Loading patterns on DFA-selected factors described @entity3 -specific spectral and coherence differences when compared to controls. The frequency modulated auditory evoked response (FMAER) explored functional CON- @entity3 differences within the superior temporal gyri. RESULTS: Variable reduction by @entity4 identified 40 coherence-based factors explaining 77.8  % of the total variance and 40 spectral factors explaining 95.9  % of the variance. DFA demonstrated significant CON- @entity3 group difference (P <0.00001) and successful jackknifed subject classification (CON, 85.7  %; @entity3 , 86.4  % correct). The population distribution plotted along the canonical discriminant variable was clearly bimodal. Coherence factors delineated loading patterns of altered connectivity primarily involving the bilateral posterior temporal electrodes. However, FMAER analysis showed no CON- @entity3 group differences. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 subjects form a cohesive group, significantly separable from CON subjects by EEG-derived indices. Symptoms of @entity3 may relate to altered connectivity with the posterior temporal regions but not to primary auditory processing abnormalities within these regions.

title: Neurophysiological differences between XXXX clinically at high risk for @entity2 and neurotypical controls - first steps in development of a biomarker.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is the standard endocrine therapy for ER+ @entity0 ; however, many @entity1 still relapse after long-term therapy. @entity7 , a glycolytic inhibitor, has shown high selective anti- @entity3 activity in vitro, and in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible augmentation of the effect of @entity5 via reprograming @entity3 cell metabolism using @entity7 . METHODS: An in vitro screening of antitumor activity as well as the apoptotic, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic potentials of the combination therapy were carried out using different techniques on @entity0 cell lines MCF7and T47D. In addition the antitumor effect of the combined therapy was done on @entity4 @entity3 . RESULTS: Our results showed modulation in apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastatic potential by either drug alone; however, their combination has surpassed that of the individual one. Combination regimen enhanced activated @entity10 , as well as oxidative stress, signified by increased @entity8 and decreased @entity9 level. Additionally, the angiogenesis and @entity2 markers, including @entity6 inducing factor-1a, vascular endothelia growth factor, and metaloproteinases-2 and 9 were decreased after using the combination regimen. These results were further confirmed by the in vivo study, which depicted a decrease in the @entity3 volume and angiogenesis and an increase in oxidative stress as well. CONCLUSION: @entity7 could be a valuable compound when added with @entity5 in @entity0 treatment.

title: Targeting glycolysis by @entity7 improves @entity5 cytotoxicity of XXXX cell lines.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is the standard endocrine therapy for ER+ @entity0 ; however, many @entity1 still relapse after long-term therapy. @entity7 , a glycolytic inhibitor, has shown high selective anti- @entity3 activity in vitro, and in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible augmentation of the effect of @entity5 via reprograming @entity3 cell metabolism using @entity7 . METHODS: An in vitro screening of antitumor activity as well as the apoptotic, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic potentials of the combination therapy were carried out using different techniques on @entity0 cell lines MCF7and T47D. In addition the antitumor effect of the combined therapy was done on @entity4 @entity3 . RESULTS: Our results showed modulation in apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastatic potential by either drug alone; however, their combination has surpassed that of the individual one. Combination regimen enhanced activated @entity10 , as well as oxidative stress, signified by increased @entity8 and decreased @entity9 level. Additionally, the angiogenesis and @entity2 markers, including @entity6 inducing factor-1a, vascular endothelia growth factor, and metaloproteinases-2 and 9 were decreased after using the combination regimen. These results were further confirmed by the in vivo study, which depicted a decrease in the @entity3 volume and angiogenesis and an increase in oxidative stress as well. CONCLUSION: @entity7 could be a valuable compound when added with @entity5 in @entity0 treatment.

title: Targeting glycolysis by XXXX improves @entity5 cytotoxicity of @entity0 cell lines.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is the standard endocrine therapy for ER+ @entity0 ; however, many @entity1 still relapse after long-term therapy. @entity7 , a glycolytic inhibitor, has shown high selective anti- @entity3 activity in vitro, and in vivo. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible augmentation of the effect of @entity5 via reprograming @entity3 cell metabolism using @entity7 . METHODS: An in vitro screening of antitumor activity as well as the apoptotic, anti-metastatic, and anti-angiogenic potentials of the combination therapy were carried out using different techniques on @entity0 cell lines MCF7and T47D. In addition the antitumor effect of the combined therapy was done on @entity4 @entity3 . RESULTS: Our results showed modulation in apoptosis, angiogenesis and metastatic potential by either drug alone; however, their combination has surpassed that of the individual one. Combination regimen enhanced activated @entity10 , as well as oxidative stress, signified by increased @entity8 and decreased @entity9 level. Additionally, the angiogenesis and @entity2 markers, including @entity6 inducing factor-1a, vascular endothelia growth factor, and metaloproteinases-2 and 9 were decreased after using the combination regimen. These results were further confirmed by the in vivo study, which depicted a decrease in the @entity3 volume and angiogenesis and an increase in oxidative stress as well. CONCLUSION: @entity7 could be a valuable compound when added with @entity5 in @entity0 treatment.

title: Targeting glycolysis by @entity7 improves XXXX cytotoxicity of @entity0 cell lines.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Forty-six @entity0 with locally recurrent disease were re-irradiated with fast neutrons at Fermilab. All had received prior radical radiation therapy either with or without surgery. Six were palliative. Forty @entity0 treated with curative intent were analyzed for local response, survival, and complications. The overall response rate was 78% (31/40); 50% (20/40) had a complete local response. Ten of 16 @entity0 (63%) with @entity2 in the head and neck regions had complete response, whereas only nine of twenty @entity0 (45%) with @entity2 were complete responders. In a subset of 12 @entity0 with @entity1 , 10 had a complete response (83%). Two of these 10 @entity0 are alive beyond 5 years. Observed median survival for the forty @entity0 was 9.3 months, and for complete responders 14.4 months. Observed median survival for partial responders was only 7.5 months. Four of six @entity0 treated for palliation had significant subjective improvement. Significant morbidity, Grade III or greater (EORTC/RTOG scale), was seen in only 10 @entity0 (25%), and this was found to depend directly on the total dose delivered. We conclude that neutron beam therapy can be used as a therapeutic modality for @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 with an acceptable degree of morbidity.

title: Re-irradiation of locally recurrent XXXX with fast neutrons.

answer: @entity1


abstract: There are only infrequent complications from intermediate dose infradiaphragmatic radiation to the para-aortics or para-aortic and iliac nodal regions as given in @entity7 or @entity11 . Nonetheless, such complications can cause significant debility and may be lifelong. Treatment related factors associated with such complications should be identified and where possible, avoided. We have analyzed the records of 1,026 @entity0 treated nationwide in the Patterns of Care Outcome. Studies including the Hodgkin's national practice survey (387 @entity0 ), Hodgkin's large facility survey (253 @entity0 ), and @entity11 national practice survey (386 @entity0 ). There were 883 @entity0 who received infradiaphragmatic radiation to the para-aortics or para-aortic and iliac regions. Complications which occurred in these @entity0 included @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity8 , @entity3 , @entity10 , second @entity1 , and miscellaneous others. There were 139 complications of any severity and 35 major complications requiring hospitalization for management. The 3-year actuarial complication rates were 14% and 4% for any and major complications, respectively. There was a statistically significant increase in both any complications and major complications with dose (p less than .01). The most frequent complications were those related to @entity5 such as peptic ulceration, @entity6 , @entity4 , and @entity9 . Major bowel complications comprised 60% (21/35) of major complications and increased with dose from 1% for doses less than 3,500 cGy to 3% for doses greater than or equal to 3,500 cGy (p = .03). This study indicates that total dose is an important factor in determining complications, particularly @entity5 , in @entity0 receiving infradiaphragmatic radiation in @entity7 and @entity11 and that prior G.I. disease is associated with an increased risk of radiation related bowel complication. The radiotherapist should seek to optimize the therapeutic ratio in these diseases where gross disease can be controlled with 3500 cGy or less with few exceptions.

title: Complications from large field intermediate dose infradiaphragmatic radiation: an analysis of the patterns of care outcome studies for XXXX and @entity11 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: There are only infrequent complications from intermediate dose infradiaphragmatic radiation to the para-aortics or para-aortic and iliac nodal regions as given in @entity7 or @entity11 . Nonetheless, such complications can cause significant debility and may be lifelong. Treatment related factors associated with such complications should be identified and where possible, avoided. We have analyzed the records of 1,026 @entity0 treated nationwide in the Patterns of Care Outcome. Studies including the Hodgkin's national practice survey (387 @entity0 ), Hodgkin's large facility survey (253 @entity0 ), and @entity11 national practice survey (386 @entity0 ). There were 883 @entity0 who received infradiaphragmatic radiation to the para-aortics or para-aortic and iliac regions. Complications which occurred in these @entity0 included @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity8 , @entity3 , @entity10 , second @entity1 , and miscellaneous others. There were 139 complications of any severity and 35 major complications requiring hospitalization for management. The 3-year actuarial complication rates were 14% and 4% for any and major complications, respectively. There was a statistically significant increase in both any complications and major complications with dose (p less than .01). The most frequent complications were those related to @entity5 such as peptic ulceration, @entity6 , @entity4 , and @entity9 . Major bowel complications comprised 60% (21/35) of major complications and increased with dose from 1% for doses less than 3,500 cGy to 3% for doses greater than or equal to 3,500 cGy (p = .03). This study indicates that total dose is an important factor in determining complications, particularly @entity5 , in @entity0 receiving infradiaphragmatic radiation in @entity7 and @entity11 and that prior G.I. disease is associated with an increased risk of radiation related bowel complication. The radiotherapist should seek to optimize the therapeutic ratio in these diseases where gross disease can be controlled with 3500 cGy or less with few exceptions.

title: Complications from large field intermediate dose infradiaphragmatic radiation: an analysis of the patterns of care outcome studies for @entity7 and XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: There is general agreement that aggressive management and monitoring of the @entity0 with @entity5 with control of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) will improve @entity0 survival and eventual outcome. Conversely, there is little agreement on the value of surgical craniectomy for increasing intracranial volume and subsequently decreasing @entity1 in these same @entity0 . This study examines 115 @entity0 with severe closed @entity2 (Glasgow @entity3 Score 8 or less) seen at the North Carolina Baptist Hospital between July 1, 1983, and April 1, 1987. All 115 @entity0 were started on a regimen of head elevation, fluid restriction, chemoparalysis, and hyperventilation at PCO2 25-30 torr. Fifty-seven @entity0 failed to respond to that therapy and were given @entity4 . Twenty-seven of these still failed to respond; 24 were placed in a pentobarbital @entity3 therapy group and 3 underwent subtemporal decompression. Of the 24 @entity0 in pentobarbital @entity3 , 17 failed to respond, 7 of whom underwent subtemporal decompression and 10 of whom were not operated on. Of all 10 @entity0 undergoing subtemporal decompression, 7 (70%) responded with an average reduction in @entity1 of 34% (+/- 19.5% SD). Of the 10, 4 died (40%), in contrast with a mortality of 82.4% among @entity0 in pentobarbital @entity3 . These data strongly suggest that subtemporal decompression can be beneficial in @entity0 with medically intractable elevations of @entity1 .

title: Role of subtemporal decompression in severe XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between three @entity5 peptides and the incidence of radiographic and clinical @entity4 ( @entity3 ). DESIGN: @entity0 between 50 and 60 years, with a BMI >= 27  kg/m(2), free of knee @entity3 , were recruited. Using binary logistic regression, the association between baseline concentration of serum fibulin (Fib)3-1, @entity6 -2 and @entity6 -3 and incidence of clinical and radiographic knee @entity3 after 30 months of follow-up was evaluated. RESULTS: Baseline and follow-up measurements were available for 241 @entity0 with a mean age of 55.9      3.2 years and mean BMI of 31.7      3.6  kg/m(2). None of the concentrations of the three @entity6 epitopes were associated with the incidence of medial or lateral joint space narrowing (JSN) >= 1.0  mm or the incidence of Kellgren _ Lawrence (K_L) grade >= 2 after 30 months. All three @entity6 epitopes were associated with the incidence of the clinical and radiographic ACR-criteria and @entity6 -1 and @entity6 -3 also with chronic @entity2 at follow-up. When adjusted for the other @entity6 peptide concentrations, only @entity6 -1 was significantly associated to the incidence of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR)-criteria (OR 3.2 [1.2-8.7]) and chronic @entity2 at follow-up (OR 3.0 [1.2-7.7]). CONCLUSIONS: Baseline @entity5 concentrations are associated with the incidence of clinical knee @entity3 among middle-aged overweight and @entity1 @entity0 . Therewith, they meet the criteria of a prognostic biomarker according to the BIPED biomarker classification for @entity3 . Further validation of the @entity5 epitopes seems warranted in order to better distinguish subgroups of individuals at increased risk for knee @entity3 development.

title: XXXX fragments are prognostic biomarkers of @entity3 incidence in overweight and @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between three @entity5 peptides and the incidence of radiographic and clinical @entity4 ( @entity3 ). DESIGN: @entity0 between 50 and 60 years, with a BMI >= 27  kg/m(2), free of knee @entity3 , were recruited. Using binary logistic regression, the association between baseline concentration of serum fibulin (Fib)3-1, @entity6 -2 and @entity6 -3 and incidence of clinical and radiographic knee @entity3 after 30 months of follow-up was evaluated. RESULTS: Baseline and follow-up measurements were available for 241 @entity0 with a mean age of 55.9      3.2 years and mean BMI of 31.7      3.6  kg/m(2). None of the concentrations of the three @entity6 epitopes were associated with the incidence of medial or lateral joint space narrowing (JSN) >= 1.0  mm or the incidence of Kellgren _ Lawrence (K_L) grade >= 2 after 30 months. All three @entity6 epitopes were associated with the incidence of the clinical and radiographic ACR-criteria and @entity6 -1 and @entity6 -3 also with chronic @entity2 at follow-up. When adjusted for the other @entity6 peptide concentrations, only @entity6 -1 was significantly associated to the incidence of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR)-criteria (OR 3.2 [1.2-8.7]) and chronic @entity2 at follow-up (OR 3.0 [1.2-7.7]). CONCLUSIONS: Baseline @entity5 concentrations are associated with the incidence of clinical knee @entity3 among middle-aged overweight and @entity1 @entity0 . Therewith, they meet the criteria of a prognostic biomarker according to the BIPED biomarker classification for @entity3 . Further validation of the @entity5 epitopes seems warranted in order to better distinguish subgroups of individuals at increased risk for knee @entity3 development.

title: @entity5 fragments are prognostic biomarkers of XXXX incidence in overweight and @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between three @entity5 peptides and the incidence of radiographic and clinical @entity4 ( @entity3 ). DESIGN: @entity0 between 50 and 60 years, with a BMI >= 27  kg/m(2), free of knee @entity3 , were recruited. Using binary logistic regression, the association between baseline concentration of serum fibulin (Fib)3-1, @entity6 -2 and @entity6 -3 and incidence of clinical and radiographic knee @entity3 after 30 months of follow-up was evaluated. RESULTS: Baseline and follow-up measurements were available for 241 @entity0 with a mean age of 55.9      3.2 years and mean BMI of 31.7      3.6  kg/m(2). None of the concentrations of the three @entity6 epitopes were associated with the incidence of medial or lateral joint space narrowing (JSN) >= 1.0  mm or the incidence of Kellgren _ Lawrence (K_L) grade >= 2 after 30 months. All three @entity6 epitopes were associated with the incidence of the clinical and radiographic ACR-criteria and @entity6 -1 and @entity6 -3 also with chronic @entity2 at follow-up. When adjusted for the other @entity6 peptide concentrations, only @entity6 -1 was significantly associated to the incidence of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR)-criteria (OR 3.2 [1.2-8.7]) and chronic @entity2 at follow-up (OR 3.0 [1.2-7.7]). CONCLUSIONS: Baseline @entity5 concentrations are associated with the incidence of clinical knee @entity3 among middle-aged overweight and @entity1 @entity0 . Therewith, they meet the criteria of a prognostic biomarker according to the BIPED biomarker classification for @entity3 . Further validation of the @entity5 epitopes seems warranted in order to better distinguish subgroups of individuals at increased risk for knee @entity3 development.

title: @entity5 fragments are prognostic biomarkers of @entity3 incidence in overweight and XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1