abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of combination therapies is needed to treat @entity6 in @entity0 with both elevated low-density lipoprotein @entity2 (LDL-C) and low high-density lipoprotein @entity2 (HDL-C). We conducted a study to assess the efficacy and safety of combination therapy with @entity5 plus extended-release (ER) @entity4 and @entity8 , aimed at lowering LDL-C and raising HDL-C, in subjects with @entity3 . METHODS: This 1-year study randomized 123 subjects with @entity3 to @entity7 alone, double therapy with @entity7 plus ER @entity4 , or triple therapy with @entity7 , plus ER @entity4 and @entity8 . Target LDL-C was  <=80 mg/dL for single and double therapy, and  <=60 mg/dL for triple therapy. Target HDL-C was an increase of >= 10 mg/dL for double and triple therapy. RESULTS: Single therapy, with mean @entity7 dose 30 mg/day, had a 47% reduction in LDL-C (P < 0.001) from 148    29 mg/dL to 77    15 mg/dL. With the addition of ER @entity4 , the double therapy had a 25% increase in HDL-C, from 42    11 mg/dL to 53    16 mg/dL (P < 0.001). The triple therapy decreased LDL-C by 57%, from 157    29 mg/dL to 66    18 mg/dL (P < 0.001), and increased HDL-C by 29%, from 40    9 mg/dL to 50    14 mg/dL (P < 0.001). Double and triple therapy required a lower @entity7 dose of 20 mg/day to reach the target LDL-C levels. On average, 75% and 67% of subjects reached the predefined LDL-C and HDL-C treatment targets. No related @entity1 or hepatotoxicity required stopping the therapy. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that combination therapy with @entity7 plus ER @entity4 and @entity8 can safely and effectively treat @entity6 in subjects with @entity3 .

title: Effects of adding extended-release @entity4 and @entity8 to statin therapy on lipid levels in subjects with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 is one of the most serious natural hazards faced by @entity0 society. Although plant leaves of Indigofera oblongifolia have been used for the treatment of @entity2 in Saudi Arabian society, there is no laboratory-based evidence for the effectiveness and safety of the plant. This study therefore was designed to investigate the antimalarial and spleen protective activity of I. oblongifolia leaf extract (IOLE) in @entity1 . Three doses (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg) of IOLE were used to treat @entity1 infected with @entity4 -parasitized erythrocytes. The suppressive effect produced by the 100 mg/kg dose on @entity3 was highly significant compared to the infected nontreated group. This dose was also able to repair the change in the thickness of the @entity1 spleen and significantly lower the number of apoptotic cells in the spleen. Moreover, I. oblongifolia also altered gene expression in the infected spleen. On day 7 postinfection, the mRNA expression of six genes - with immune response functions - was upregulated by more than twofold, while that of 24 other genes was downregulated. Among the differentially up- and downregulated genes under the effect of IOLE, we quantified the expression of @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity8 mRNAs. The expression data, determined by microarrays, were largely consistent with the expression analyses we performed with several arbitrarily selected genes using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Based on our results, I. oblongifolia exhibits antimalarial activity and could protect the spleen from @entity4 -induced injury.

title: The antiplasmodial and spleen protective role of crude Indigofera oblongifolia leaf extract traditionally used in the treatment of XXXX in Saudi Arabia.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) potently prevents @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity4 . @entity6 antagonists (VKA) have been the standard of care for long-term @entity5 for decades, but non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOAC) have recently been approved for this indication, and raised many questions, among them their influence on medication adherence. We assessed adherence to VKA and NOAC in secondary @entity2 prevention. METHODS: All @entity0 treated from October 2011 to September 2012 for @entity3 or transient @entity1 attack with a subsequent indication for @entity5 , at three academic hospitals were entered into a prospective registry, and baseline data and antithrombotic treatment at discharge were recorded. At the 1-year follow-up, we assessed the adherence to different @entity5 strategies and @entity0 ' adherence to their respective @entity5 . We noted @entity5 changes, reasons to change treatment, and factors that influence persistence to the prescribed @entity5 . RESULTS: In @entity0 discharged on @entity5 , we achieved a fatality corrected response rate of 73.3% (n=209). A total of 92% of these @entity0 received @entity5 at the 1-year follow-up. We observed good adherence to both VKA and NOAC (VKA, 80.9%; NOAC, 74.8%; P=0.243) with a statistically nonsignificant tendency toward a weaker adherence to @entity7 . Disability at 1-year follow-up was an independent predictor of lower adherence to any @entity5 after multivariate analysis, whereas the choice of @entity5 did not have a relevant influence. CONCLUSION: One-year adherence to @entity5 after @entity2 is strong (>90%) and @entity0 who switch therapy most commonly switch toward another @entity5 . The 1-year adherence rates to VKA and NOAC in secondary @entity2 prevention do not differ significantly between both therapeutic strategies.

title: Adherence to oral anticoagulant therapy in secondary XXXX prevention - impact of the novel oral anticoagulants.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Adherent-invasive @entity4 (AIEC) has been linked with the onset and perpetuation of @entity1 . The AIEC strain LF82 was originally isolated from an ileal biopsy from a @entity0 with @entity2 . The pathogenesis of LF82 results from its abnormal adherence to and subsequent invasion of the intestinal epithelium coupled with its ability to survive phagocytosis by macrophages once it has crossed the intestinal barrier. To gain further insight into AIEC pathogenesis we employed the @entity5 @entity5 as an in vivo @entity3 model. We demonstrate that AIEC strain LF82 forms a persistent @entity3 in @entity5 , thereby reducing the host lifespan significantly. This host killing phenotype was associated with massive bacterial colonization of the @entity5 intestine and damage to the intestinal epithelial surface. @entity5 killing was independent of known LF82 virulence determinants but was abolished by deletion of the LF82 hfq gene, which encodes an RNA chaperone involved in mediating posttranscriptional gene regulation by small non-coding RNAs. This finding reveals that important aspects of LF82 pathogenesis are controlled at the posttranscriptional level by riboregulation. The role of Hfq in LF82 virulence was independent of its function in regulating RpoS and RpoE activity. Further, LF82/\hfq mutants were non-motile, impaired in cell invasion and highly sensitive to various chemical stress conditions, reinforcing the multifaceted function of Hfq in mediating bacterial adaptation. This study highlights the usefulness of simple non- @entity0 @entity3 systems for the identification and analysis of bacterial virulence factors.

title: A role for the RNA chaperone Hfq in controlling adherent-invasive XXXX colonization and virulence.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 is a @entity3 whose principal symptoms are @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity5 and postural instability. Initially, drugs like L: -dopa or dopaminergic agonists are able to control these symptoms, but with the progress of the disease these drugs become less effective. Previous studies have reported that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can improve these motor symptoms. The objective of this study was to investigate the neural mechanisms through which 25 Hz rTMS may improve motor symptoms in @entity1 . In a double-blind placebo-controlled study, we evaluated the effects of 25 Hz. rTMS in 10 @entity1 @entity0 . Fifteen rTMS sessions were performed over the primary cortex on both hemispheres (one after the other) during a 12-week period. The @entity0 were studied using functional magnetic resonance imaging during performance of a simple tapping and a complex tapping @entity6 week before the administration of the first rTMS session and just after the last session. rTMS improved @entity5 , while functional magnetic resonance imaging showed different cortical patterns in prefrontal cortex when @entity0 performed the complex tapping test. Furthermore, the improvement in @entity5 is associated with caudate nucleus activity increases in simple tapping. Finally, we observed a relative change in functional connectivity between the prefrontal areas and the supplementary motor area after rTMS. These results show a potential beneficial effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on @entity5 in @entity1 which is substantiated by neural changes observed in functional magnetic resonance imaging.

title: Effects of rTMS on XXXX : a longitudinal fMRI study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Underlying @entity1 can cause @entity5 in some @entity0 . Mechanisms include the affection of the coagulation cascade, @entity1 @entity10 secretion, infections and nonbacterial @entity6 . The release of @entity3 factor and interleukins may cause @entity2 of the endothelial lining, creating a prothrombotic surface that triggers @entity8 events, including @entity4 . The aims of this study were to assess the occurrence of @entity1 in @entity0 who had recently suffered an @entity5 and to detect possible associations between @entity4 and @entity1 subtypes. METHODS: All @entity5 @entity0 registered in the @entity4 Research Registry (NORSTROKE) as part of the ongoing Bergen NORSTROKE study were included. Blood samples were obtained on admission. @entity4 etiology was determined by the Trial of @entity11 in Acute @entity4 Treatment (TOAST) criteria, and the severity of @entity4 was defined according to the National Institute of Health @entity4 Scale score. Information about @entity1 after @entity4 was obtained from @entity0 medical records and The Cancer Registry of Norway. RESULTS: From a total of 1,282 @entity5 @entity0 with no history of @entity1 , 55 (4.3%) @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity1 after @entity4 . The median time from @entity4 onset to @entity1 diagnosis was 14.0 months (interquartile range 6.2-24.5). Twenty-three (41.8%) @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity1 within 1 year and 13 (23.6%) within 6 months. The most common @entity1 (19.0%). By Cox regression analysis, @entity1 after @entity4 was associated with elevated D-dimer levels on admittance (p < 0.001), age (p = 0.01) and smoking (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Cancer-associated @entity4 is rare, and routine investigation for @entity1 seems unwarranted in acute @entity5 . However, in @entity4 @entity0 with elevated levels of @entity7 factors, @entity9 , higher age and a history of smoking, underlying @entity1 should be considered. Our study suggests that an unknown @entity4 etiology does not predict @entity1 .

title: Cancer-Associated XXXX : The Bergen NORSTROKE Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity0 presenting with persistent symptoms attributed to @entity1 ( @entity1 ) that are unresponsive to both medical and surgical therapies are commonly submitted to esophageal biopsies, the results of which show an abnormal presence of eosinophils. In this setting, @entity4 may be the correct diagnosis. The purpose of this report is to clarify the importance of esophageal @entity3 , regardless of whether associated with acid reflux, ie, as an independent symptomatic entity, when treating a @entity0 with refractory @entity1 . METHODS: Two @entity0 , aged 8 and 7 years, had the classic symptoms of @entity1 . They were treated with antacid without improvement of the @entity2 . Subsequent esophageal biopsy results showed marked @entity3 . From this moment on, @entity4 started to be considered the main diagnosis. RESULTS: Although @entity3 caused by @entity1 is very frequently found in esophageal biopsy, in case of refractory drug treatment and microscopic findings of a great number of eosinophils and mast cells, @entity4 must be considered. This disease is better treated with corticoids instead of antacid drugs. It explains the reason some @entity0 do not respond to antacid and surgical treatment and remain symptomatic with @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: In refractory cases of @entity1 , @entity4 must be considered before any surgical measure.

title: Eosinophilic infiltration of the esophagus: gastroesophageal reflux versus XXXX in @entity0 --discussion on daily practice.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity0 presenting with persistent symptoms attributed to @entity1 ( @entity1 ) that are unresponsive to both medical and surgical therapies are commonly submitted to esophageal biopsies, the results of which show an abnormal presence of eosinophils. In this setting, @entity4 may be the correct diagnosis. The purpose of this report is to clarify the importance of esophageal @entity3 , regardless of whether associated with acid reflux, ie, as an independent symptomatic entity, when treating a @entity0 with refractory @entity1 . METHODS: Two @entity0 , aged 8 and 7 years, had the classic symptoms of @entity1 . They were treated with antacid without improvement of the @entity2 . Subsequent esophageal biopsy results showed marked @entity3 . From this moment on, @entity4 started to be considered the main diagnosis. RESULTS: Although @entity3 caused by @entity1 is very frequently found in esophageal biopsy, in case of refractory drug treatment and microscopic findings of a great number of eosinophils and mast cells, @entity4 must be considered. This disease is better treated with corticoids instead of antacid drugs. It explains the reason some @entity0 do not respond to antacid and surgical treatment and remain symptomatic with @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: In refractory cases of @entity1 , @entity4 must be considered before any surgical measure.

title: Eosinophilic infiltration of the esophagus: gastroesophageal reflux versus @entity4 in XXXX --discussion on daily practice.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, mechanical circulatory support has been beneficial as a bridge to cardiac transplantation, and anecdotal evidence suggests that @entity2 @entity0 fitted with mechanical assist devices experience direct cardiac benefits. Moreover, recent trials on limited numbers and subpopulations of @entity0 --notably the Randomized Evaluation of Mechanical Assistance for the Treatment of @entity2 (REMATCH)--support earlier observations of improved cardiac function and point towards the use of assist devices as destination therapy. Methods and results To investigate this phenomenon, on August 2-3, 2001, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened the working group, "Recovery from @entity2 with Circulatory Assist" in Bethesda, Maryland. The team included cardiac surgeons, cardiologists, and experts in experimental research. The goal was to prioritize recommendations to guide future programs in: (1). elucidating the mechanisms leading to reverse remodeling associated with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD); (2). exploring advanced treatments, including novel pharmacologies, tissue engineering, and cell therapies, to optimize recovery with LVAD therapy; and (3). identifying target genes, proteins, and cellular pathways to focus on for production of novel therapies for myocardial recovery and @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The working group also made research and clinical recommendations to eventually translate findings into improved therapeutic strategies and device design: (1). support collaborations among clinical and basic scientists with an emphasis on clinical/translational research that might eventually lead to clinical trials; (2). identify candidate @entity0 most likely to benefit from LVAD as a destination therapy; (3). explore potential biomarkers indicating when @entity0 could most successfully be weaned from devices; and (4). promote clinical and experimental study of mechanically assisted organs and the tissue derived from them.

title: Recovery from XXXX with circulatory assist: a working group of the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 among @entity0 treated during childhood for @entity1 are known to occur after some, but not all, types of anti- @entity1 therapy. This is the first study to evaluate proven fertility among adult male survivors of childhood @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In a retrospective cohort study, proven fertility (ever fathered a pregnancy) was evaluated by self-report among 213 @entity0 treated for @entity3 before age 18 on protocols of the @entity0 's @entity1 Group (CCG). Controls (N = 145) were drawn from among male siblings. Overall, with a proportional hazards analysis, proven fertility of male survivors was not different from that of controls (relative fertility (RF) = 0.95, 95% CI 0.63-1.43). However, married @entity0 treated before age 10 with high dose (24 cGy) cranial radiotherapy (RT), without spinal RT, had only 9% of the fertility of controls (Relative risk, RR = 0.09, 95% CI 0.01-0.82). High dose cranial RT at older ages was not associated with a statistically significant fertility deficit (RR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.25-1.28). In this first study of proven fertility among @entity0 treated for @entity4 , the majority of survivors showed no evidence of @entity2 compared to controls. However, @entity0 treated at a young age with high dose cranial RT may have impaired fertility. These results suggest that further investigation of @entity0 with these treatments is needed to confirm and extend these findings.

title: Fertility of long-term male survivors of XXXX diagnosed during childhood.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognostic factors and healing ranges of @entity0 treated for @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: In our study, 33 @entity0 treated for @entity3 were evaluated between March 1995 and October 2001 retrospectively. After the routine examinations, first audiograms were done. The audiograms were classified as @entity1 in low frequencies, high frequencies, and flat using the Shey and Rubin classification systems. All @entity0 were treated with the same standard regimen. The benefits of treatment were evaluated with the Siegel classification. RESULTS: Various amounts of hearing gains were obtained in 17 of 21 @entity0 treated in the first 5 days. No gain was obtained in 5 of 12 @entity0 , who re-presented after the first 5 days of @entity3 . There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p =.005). There was hearing gain in all nine @entity0 who had upward-sloping type of audiograms. Hearing gain was obtained in 8 of 12 downward-sloping type and 7 of 12 flat-type audiograms. There was a significant difference between the raising type group and the other groups (p =.04 and p =.014). Also, in 6 of 14 @entity0 with vertigo and in 4 of 12 with bilateral @entity2 ( @entity2 ), there was no gain. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of @entity3 is found to be better in @entity0 who present early and mild @entity2 and unilateral cases and worse in vertigo, bilaterally severe @entity2 , and childhood.

title: Retrospective analysis of our cases with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes of implantation of the Array((R)) multifocal @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (model SA-40N, @entity4 ) in the ciliary sulcus in second-eye @entity1 surgery complicated by @entity2 . SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral, United Kingdom. METHODS: This retrospective study comprised 15 @entity0 who had complicated second-eye @entity1 surgery with loss of posterior capsule support leading to sulcus implantation of an Array multifocal @entity3 . The @entity0 were recalled for assessment. Objective evaluation included uncorrected and corrected distance and near visual acuities, complications, and @entity3 centration. Subjective assessment was performed using a questionnaire that included the VF-14 index of visual function; the questions were related to satisfaction with vision, limitations from halos and glare, and the frequency of spectacle wear. RESULTS: Fourteen eyes (93%) had postoperative visual improvement. The best corrected distance acuity was 6/12 or better in 11 eyes (73%). The best corrected near acuity was J2 or better in 12 eyes (80%). The @entity3 was well centered in 11 eyes (73%) and slightly decentered in 4 eyes (27%). Subjectively, @entity0 indicated a high level of satisfaction with their distance and near vision. The VF-14 indicated high levels of visual function, with 73% of @entity0 having a score higher than 90 (out of 100). Seventy-three percent of @entity0 were not troubled by glare or halos, and 40% did not wear spectacles. CONCLUSION: Implantation of the Array multifocal @entity3 in the sulcus during complicated phacoemulsification led to good visual outcomes based on objective and subjective @entity0 measures.

title: Outcomes of sulcus implantation of Array multifocal intraocular lenses in second-eye @entity1 surgery complicated by XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes of implantation of the Array((R)) multifocal @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (model SA-40N, @entity4 ) in the ciliary sulcus in second-eye @entity1 surgery complicated by @entity2 . SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Arrowe Park Hospital, Wirral, United Kingdom. METHODS: This retrospective study comprised 15 @entity0 who had complicated second-eye @entity1 surgery with loss of posterior capsule support leading to sulcus implantation of an Array multifocal @entity3 . The @entity0 were recalled for assessment. Objective evaluation included uncorrected and corrected distance and near visual acuities, complications, and @entity3 centration. Subjective assessment was performed using a questionnaire that included the VF-14 index of visual function; the questions were related to satisfaction with vision, limitations from halos and glare, and the frequency of spectacle wear. RESULTS: Fourteen eyes (93%) had postoperative visual improvement. The best corrected distance acuity was 6/12 or better in 11 eyes (73%). The best corrected near acuity was J2 or better in 12 eyes (80%). The @entity3 was well centered in 11 eyes (73%) and slightly decentered in 4 eyes (27%). Subjectively, @entity0 indicated a high level of satisfaction with their distance and near vision. The VF-14 indicated high levels of visual function, with 73% of @entity0 having a score higher than 90 (out of 100). Seventy-three percent of @entity0 were not troubled by glare or halos, and 40% did not wear spectacles. CONCLUSION: Implantation of the Array multifocal @entity3 in the sulcus during complicated phacoemulsification led to good visual outcomes based on objective and subjective @entity0 measures.

title: Outcomes of sulcus implantation of Array multifocal intraocular lenses in second-eye XXXX surgery complicated by @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Aromatase @entity12 ( @entity10 ) was partially purified from @entity0 placental microsomes by hydrophobic affinity chromatography using @entity9 and ion-exchange chromatography on @entity11 -cellulose. The resulting preparation had a specific activity of 2 nmol/mg protein with respect to cytochrome @entity10 content and displayed a type I difference spectrum upon addition of the substrate @entity6 . When the @entity12 -enriched fractions were subjected to @entity8 - @entity7 gel electrophoresis and stained with Coomassie blue, there was an enrichment of two proteins having apparent molecular weights of 50,000 and 55,000. The bands containing these proteins were removed from unstained @entity7 gels and injected separately or together into three @entity2 . An aliquot of the serum or an immunoglobulin (IgG) fraction prepared from the serum of the @entity2 injected with the @entity13 band or with both the 50- and @entity13 bands inhibited aromatase activity of @entity0 placental microsomes by 80%; this IgG had no effect on 17 alpha-hydroxylase or 21-hydroxylase activities of @entity0 fetal adrenal microsomes. In contrast, the serum of the @entity2 injected with the 50-kDa band had little capacity to inhibit placental aromatase activity. By immunoblot analysis, it was found that the IgG from the serum of the @entity2 immunized with the @entity13 protein bound specifically to a protein of 55 kDa in @entity0 placental microsomes. Monoclonal antibodies were prepared from a hybridoma cell line derived from the spleen cells of @entity1 immunized against the @entity13 protein. The monoclonal IgG was covalently linked to a Sepharose 4B column and was used for immunoaffinity chromatography of @entity10 . The finding that @entity12 and the @entity13 protein were selectively retained by the affinity column and eluted with @entity4 (2 M) and @entity5 (0.2 M, pH 3.0) and that this fraction contained aromatase activity upon reconstitution with purified @entity3 - @entity12 reductase and phospholipid, is indicative that the @entity13 protein is indeed cytochrome @entity10 . These findings are also indicative that both the monoclonal and polyclonal IgGs are specific for @entity0 @entity10 .

title: Preparation and characterization of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against @entity0 aromatase @entity12 ( XXXX ), and their use in its purification.

answer: @entity10


abstract: Aromatase @entity12 ( @entity10 ) was partially purified from @entity0 placental microsomes by hydrophobic affinity chromatography using @entity9 and ion-exchange chromatography on @entity11 -cellulose. The resulting preparation had a specific activity of 2 nmol/mg protein with respect to cytochrome @entity10 content and displayed a type I difference spectrum upon addition of the substrate @entity6 . When the @entity12 -enriched fractions were subjected to @entity8 - @entity7 gel electrophoresis and stained with Coomassie blue, there was an enrichment of two proteins having apparent molecular weights of 50,000 and 55,000. The bands containing these proteins were removed from unstained @entity7 gels and injected separately or together into three @entity2 . An aliquot of the serum or an immunoglobulin (IgG) fraction prepared from the serum of the @entity2 injected with the @entity13 band or with both the 50- and @entity13 bands inhibited aromatase activity of @entity0 placental microsomes by 80%; this IgG had no effect on 17 alpha-hydroxylase or 21-hydroxylase activities of @entity0 fetal adrenal microsomes. In contrast, the serum of the @entity2 injected with the 50-kDa band had little capacity to inhibit placental aromatase activity. By immunoblot analysis, it was found that the IgG from the serum of the @entity2 immunized with the @entity13 protein bound specifically to a protein of 55 kDa in @entity0 placental microsomes. Monoclonal antibodies were prepared from a hybridoma cell line derived from the spleen cells of @entity1 immunized against the @entity13 protein. The monoclonal IgG was covalently linked to a Sepharose 4B column and was used for immunoaffinity chromatography of @entity10 . The finding that @entity12 and the @entity13 protein were selectively retained by the affinity column and eluted with @entity4 (2 M) and @entity5 (0.2 M, pH 3.0) and that this fraction contained aromatase activity upon reconstitution with purified @entity3 - @entity12 reductase and phospholipid, is indicative that the @entity13 protein is indeed cytochrome @entity10 . These findings are also indicative that both the monoclonal and polyclonal IgGs are specific for @entity0 @entity10 .

title: Preparation and characterization of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against @entity0 aromatase XXXX ( @entity10 ), and their use in its purification.

answer: @entity12


abstract: Aromatase @entity12 ( @entity10 ) was partially purified from @entity0 placental microsomes by hydrophobic affinity chromatography using @entity9 and ion-exchange chromatography on @entity11 -cellulose. The resulting preparation had a specific activity of 2 nmol/mg protein with respect to cytochrome @entity10 content and displayed a type I difference spectrum upon addition of the substrate @entity6 . When the @entity12 -enriched fractions were subjected to @entity8 - @entity7 gel electrophoresis and stained with Coomassie blue, there was an enrichment of two proteins having apparent molecular weights of 50,000 and 55,000. The bands containing these proteins were removed from unstained @entity7 gels and injected separately or together into three @entity2 . An aliquot of the serum or an immunoglobulin (IgG) fraction prepared from the serum of the @entity2 injected with the @entity13 band or with both the 50- and @entity13 bands inhibited aromatase activity of @entity0 placental microsomes by 80%; this IgG had no effect on 17 alpha-hydroxylase or 21-hydroxylase activities of @entity0 fetal adrenal microsomes. In contrast, the serum of the @entity2 injected with the 50-kDa band had little capacity to inhibit placental aromatase activity. By immunoblot analysis, it was found that the IgG from the serum of the @entity2 immunized with the @entity13 protein bound specifically to a protein of 55 kDa in @entity0 placental microsomes. Monoclonal antibodies were prepared from a hybridoma cell line derived from the spleen cells of @entity1 immunized against the @entity13 protein. The monoclonal IgG was covalently linked to a Sepharose 4B column and was used for immunoaffinity chromatography of @entity10 . The finding that @entity12 and the @entity13 protein were selectively retained by the affinity column and eluted with @entity4 (2 M) and @entity5 (0.2 M, pH 3.0) and that this fraction contained aromatase activity upon reconstitution with purified @entity3 - @entity12 reductase and phospholipid, is indicative that the @entity13 protein is indeed cytochrome @entity10 . These findings are also indicative that both the monoclonal and polyclonal IgGs are specific for @entity0 @entity10 .

title: Preparation and characterization of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies against XXXX aromatase @entity12 ( @entity10 ), and their use in its purification.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A comprehensive review of the literature from 1975 to 1995 was conducted. Reports were identified using the Cancerline and Medline databases. The chemical structure, @entity3 agonist and antagonist activity, and in vitro studies were reviewed and compared with those of tamoxifes. Also, the antitumor activity in cell lines and animal models was highlighted. The mechanisms of action, metabolism, route of administration, dose scheduling, antitumor activity, and side effects of each agent were reviewed and compared with those for @entity4 , where available. Several new antiestrogens are at various stages of development. They are divided into nonsteroidal and steroidal antiestrogens. Among the nonsteroidal antiestrogens are agents like @entity6 and @entity7 . Both produce response rates, and both have @entity2 profiles that are comparable to @entity4 . In addition, @entity6 can chemosensitize @entity3 receptor-negative @entity1 , reverse multidrug resistance, and affect @entity4 -resistant @entity1 . The short half-life of @entity7 results in minimal serum accumulation, and therefore it may be sequentially used with other systemic therapies to maximize cell kill. @entity5 , a steroidal antiestrogen, is well tolerated, active in @entity4 -resistant @entity1 , and has a potential role in the preoperative management of advanced @entity0 . Other potential benefits of these and other agents are discussed. Pure antiestrogens have documented antibreast cancer activity that is in some instances more potent than @entity4 . Some have activity in @entity3 receptor-negative or @entity4 -resistant @entity1 . Others may help to reverse chemotherapy resistance. In addition, the potential role of these antiestrogens in radioimaging and their effect on lipid metabolism is also being recognized.

title: New antiestrogens in XXXX : a review.

answer: @entity0


abstract: An immunohistochemical comparative analysis of P-170 glycoprotein and @entity3 was performed in 37 @entity0 @entity1 who underwent curative resection without preoperative chemotherapy. The antibodies utilized were C-219 and JSB-1 for @entity5 and DO-7 for @entity3 . Positive cytoplasmic and membrance positivity for @entity5 was found in 22 (59.45%) of the 37 @entity2 specimens. In comparing tissue immunoreactivity by the specific antibodies, 15 (40.54%) samples showed immunostaining for C-219, 12 (32.43%) for JSB-1, and 5 (23%) for both. @entity5 expression was not statistically related with the clinicopathological variables analyzed, that is, age, @entity4 stage, histologic type, lymph node involvement, @entity2 diameter, and hormone receptor status. @entity3 overexpression was observed in 22 (59.45%) of the 37 @entity2 samples analyzed. There was a significant correlation between @entity3 overexpression and @entity5 positive immunostaining (p = .007). @entity3 was also significantly correlated with @entity4 stage (p < .05) and lymph node involvement (p < .02). Our results demonstrated that the three distinct patterns of reactivity with the two antibodies result from the combined expression of each of the three @entity5 isoforms. An immunohistochemical analysis with different antibodies may be used to determine and correlate the expression pattern of @entity5 isoforms with response to chemotherapy.

title: P-170 Glycoprotein (MDR) and XXXX Expression in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: An immunohistochemical comparative analysis of P-170 glycoprotein and @entity3 was performed in 37 @entity0 @entity1 who underwent curative resection without preoperative chemotherapy. The antibodies utilized were C-219 and JSB-1 for @entity5 and DO-7 for @entity3 . Positive cytoplasmic and membrance positivity for @entity5 was found in 22 (59.45%) of the 37 @entity2 specimens. In comparing tissue immunoreactivity by the specific antibodies, 15 (40.54%) samples showed immunostaining for C-219, 12 (32.43%) for JSB-1, and 5 (23%) for both. @entity5 expression was not statistically related with the clinicopathological variables analyzed, that is, age, @entity4 stage, histologic type, lymph node involvement, @entity2 diameter, and hormone receptor status. @entity3 overexpression was observed in 22 (59.45%) of the 37 @entity2 samples analyzed. There was a significant correlation between @entity3 overexpression and @entity5 positive immunostaining (p = .007). @entity3 was also significantly correlated with @entity4 stage (p < .05) and lymph node involvement (p < .02). Our results demonstrated that the three distinct patterns of reactivity with the two antibodies result from the combined expression of each of the three @entity5 isoforms. An immunohistochemical analysis with different antibodies may be used to determine and correlate the expression pattern of @entity5 isoforms with response to chemotherapy.

title: P-170 Glycoprotein (MDR) and @entity3 Expression in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the first outbreak of a @entity6 caused by H1N1 virus in Mexico, several reports have described the need of intensive care or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) assistance in young and often healthy @entity0 . Here we describe our experience in H1N1-induced @entity4 using both ventilation strategy and ECMO assistance. METHODS: Following Italian Ministry of Health instructions, an Emergency Service was established at the Careggi Teaching Hospital (Florence, Italy) for the novel pandemic @entity5 . From Sept 09 to Jan 10, all @entity0 admitted to our Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of the Emergency Department with @entity4 due to @entity1 were studied. All ECMO treatments were veno-venous. @entity1 was confirmed by PCR assayed on pharyngeal swab, subglottic aspiration and bronchoalveolar lavage. Lung pathology was evaluated daily by lung ultrasound (LUS) examination. RESULTS: A total of 12 @entity0 were studied: 7 underwent ECMO treatment, and 5 responded to protective mechanical ventilation. Two @entity0 had @entity2 by @entity7 . One @entity0 was pregnant. In our series, PCR from bronchoalveolar lavage had a 100% sensitivity compared to 75% from pharyngeal swab samples. The routine use of LUS limited the number of chest X-ray examinations and decreased transportation to radiology for CT-scan, increasing @entity0 safety and avoiding the transitory disconnection from ventilator. No major complications occurred during ECMO treatments. In three cases, @entity3 from vascular access sites due to heparin infusion required blood transfusions. Overall mortality rate was 8.3%. CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, early ECMO assistance resulted safe and feasible, considering the life threatening condition, in H1N1-induced @entity4 . Lung ultrasound is an effective mean for daily assessment of @entity4 @entity0 .

title: Ventilatory and ECMO treatment of H1N1-induced severe XXXX : results of an Italian referral ECMO center.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has been associated with inflammatory and infectious @entity2 . This study evaluates @entity5 concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid as a potential marker of @entity3 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: Between January 2003 and December 2007, BAL fluid samples obtained from critically ill @entity0 at the intensive care unit of the Maastricht University Medical Centre clinically suspected of having @entity4 were included. @entity0 were divided into two groups: (1) microbiologically confirmed @entity4 (the @entity4 group) and (2) microbiologically unconfirmed @entity4 (the @entity4 ). The concentration of @entity5 was measured by means of a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit, and retrospective analysis was performed. Areas under the curve of receiver operating characteristic curves were calculated for @entity5 concentrations. RESULTS: A total of 196 @entity0 (122 @entity0 , 74 @entity0 ) were included. A total of 79 (40%) of 196 cases of suspected @entity4 were microbiologically confirmed. The median @entity5 concentration in the @entity4 group was 3,019 ng/mL (range, 282 to 65,546 ng/mL) versus 2,504 ng/mL (range, 62 to 30,240 ng/mL) in the @entity4 (P = 0.03). There was no significant difference in @entity5 concentrations between @entity0 treated with or without @entity1 (P = 0.26) or antibiotic therapy (P = 0.9). The @entity5 concentration did not differ significantly between @entity0 with Gram-positive versus Gram-negative bacteria that caused the @entity4 (P = 0.06). However, @entity5 concentrations did differ significantly between the late-onset @entity4 group and the @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 concentration in BAL fluid yielded low diagnostic accuracy in confirming the presence of @entity4 .

title: Clara cell protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid: a predictor of XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of traditional Chinese medicine mask combined with skin care in the treatment of @entity2 after burns. METHODS: Forty-one @entity0 with @entity2 after burns hospitalized from January 2009 to June 2010 were enrolled and divided into treatment group (n = 26, odd number) and control group (n = 15, even number) according to the visiting order. After cleaning, massaging, and steam spraying to faces, @entity0 in treatment and control groups were respectively treated with traditional Chinese medicine mask developed by physicians in our hospital and common commercial beauty mask. Masks were removed when they became completely dry. The treatment was repeated every other day. Ten times made up a course of treatment. Three consecutive courses were carried out on each @entity0 . Before treatment and at the end of each course, the skin color differences were measured with Vancouver Pigmented Scar Scale; image gray scale value of pigmented skin was measured with image analysis technique. Satisfaction degree acknowledged by both @entity0 and physicians were recorded at the end of each course; adverse effects were recorded; and the overall efficacy between two groups was compared. Data were processed with chi-square test or t test. RESULTS: Skin color differences, image gray scale value of @entity0 in treatment group were close to those in control group before treatment (with t value respectively 0.800 and 0.694, P values all above 0.05). Skin color differences, image gray scale value, and satisfaction degree acknowledged by both @entity0 and physicians in treatment group were better than those in control group at the end of each course. At the end of the third course of treatment, the skin color differences in treatment and control groups scored 0.5    0.4 and 1.1    0.6, respectively, with image gray scale value of 55    5 and 66    6, respectively, which were statistically different from each other (with t value respectively 3.389 and 5.102, P values all below 0.01). The overall efficacy of the treatment group was 92.3%, which was much better than that of the control group (53.3%,   (2) = 6.31, P < 0.05). No @entity1 caused by the traditional Chinese medicine mask was observed during the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The traditional Chinese medicine mask combined with skin care is effective for the treatment of @entity2 after burns.

title: [Treatment of XXXX after burns with traditional Chinese medicine mask and skin care].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the immunization coverage and immune effects of @entity2 vaccine (HepB) among @entity0 who were immunized later than at birth in Guangzhou city. METHODS: A multistage randomized cluster sampling was used and the subjects were at age 20 to 59 years old, from the families of twelve districts in Guangzhou. Cross sectional analysis was carried out. Every study subject's HepB immunization history and main risk were investigated through questionnaire. Venous blood samples were collected and then tested for HBsAg and anti-HBs by means of ELISA. The immunization coverage rate of HepB, prevalence rates of HBsAg and anti-HBs among every age group were valuated by sampling weights. The protective efficacy of the @entity0 with immunization of HepB was assessed by case-control study. RESULTS: The overall immunization rate of HepB was 24.71% (95%CI: 20.86%-28.56%) in the 20-59 age group. HBsAg prevalence rate was 14.91% (95%CI: 12.73%-17.08%), and 8.52% in vaccinated group while 18.15% in the non-vaccinated group. Results from case-control study showed that HepB had good protective efficacy to @entity1 in @entity0 of 20-59 years old. The protective rate of HepB against @entity1 was 62.6%. CONCLUSION: Vaccinating HepB on @entity0 after the neonatal period also non-newborn could provide good immune effect to @entity1 .

title: [Study on the immunization coverage and effects of XXXX vaccine in the 20-59 years-old population in Guangzhou city].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The cell wall is essential for viability of fungi and is an effective drug target in pathogens such as @entity1 . The contribution of post-transcriptional gene regulators to cell wall integrity in @entity1 is unknown. We show that the @entity1 Ccr4-Pop2 mRNA deadenylase, a regulator of mRNA stability and translation, is required for cell wall integrity. The ccr4/pop2 mutants display reduced wall b-glucans and sensitivity to the echinocandin @entity3 . Moreover, the deadenylase mutants are compromised for filamentation and virulence. We demonstrate that defective cell walls in the ccr4/pop2 mutants are linked to dysfunctional mitochondria and phospholipid imbalance. To further understand mitochondrial function in cell wall integrity, we screened a @entity0 collection of mitochondrial mutants. We identify several mitochondrial proteins required for @entity3 tolerance and find a connection between mitochondrial phospholipid homeostasis and @entity3 sensitivity. We focus on the mitochondrial outer membrane SAM complex subunit Sam37, demonstrating that it is required for both trafficking of phospholipids between the ER and mitochondria and cell wall integrity. Moreover, in @entity1 also Sam37 is essential for @entity3 tolerance. Our study provides the basis for an integrative view of mitochondrial function in fungal cell wall biogenesis and resistance to @entity2 antifungal drugs.

title: Cell wall integrity is linked to mitochondria and phospholipid homeostasis in XXXX through the activity of the post-transcriptional regulator Ccr4-Pop2.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of 'erythroblast island (EI)' formation in the bone marrow of @entity0 with immun-related hemocytopenia ( @entity1 ). METHODS: The category of BM-auto antibody (au Ab) in 48 @entity0 with @entity1 was detected with FCM. The BM-au Ab in the 'EI' of these cases were explored with immuonhistofluorescence (IF). Clinical and laboratory characteristics of these cases were also analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: IgG could be detected in the 'EI' on the BM smear of 14 cases (29.17%), BM-au Ab mainly deposited at the edge/membranes between macrophage and erythroblasts rather than cyto plasm. Positive reaction were seen in all the cases with GlycoAIgG. The red blood cell count [(1.8    0.5)   10(12)/L] and hemoglobin level [(59.6    16.2)g/L] were significantly lower than that in the IF(-) group [(2.5    0.9)   10(12)/L and (83.4    25.0) g/L] (P < 0.05). The percentage of reticulocyte [(2.0    0.8)%], serum level of IBIL [(9.4    4.7)   mol/L], percentage of erythroblats in sternum BM (0.441    0.139) and response rate to therapy (85.7%) in IF(+) group were significantly higher than that in IF(-)group [(1.3    1.0)%, (6.6    6.7)  mol/L, 0.298    0.082, 61.3%, respectively] (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Macrophage was connected with erythroblasts through autologous IgG in the 'EI's of some @entity0 with @entity1 . 'EI' were the places where macrophages devoured and destroyed erythroblasts rather than erythroid development and differentiation. The pathogenetic mechanism of @entity1 might be associated with macrophages phagocytosing and destroying BM hematopoietic cells.

title: [Preliminary study of "erythroblast island" in the bone marrow of hematocytopenic XXXX with positive BMMNC-Coombs test.]

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the personal experiences of treating @entity3 ( @entity3 ) with gamma knife or cyberknife and evaluate the medium and long-term outcomes. METHODS: From June 1999 to December 2008, 20 @entity3 @entity0 were treated by radiosurgery (gamma knife or cyberknife). Among them, 11 had @entity2 after surgery and 9 were diagnosed by neuroradiology. All cases on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed well-defined and homogeneous hyperintensity on T2-weighted images. The mean maximum diameter of @entity1 was 38.7    9.3 mm (range: 23.0 - 60.6). The volume of @entity1 ranged between 4.1 - 52.6 cm(3) with a mean of (18.7    12.5) cm(3). The @entity1 margin dose irradiated by gamma knife ranged from 9 to 16 Gy (mean 12.3    2.3 Gy). The @entity1 margin dose irradiated by cyberknife was 20 - 21 Gy in 3 fractions. The mean follow-up period was (60    32) months (range: 12 - 120). RESULTS: Follow-up imaging showed @entity1 volume decreased over 90% (n = 5), @entity1 regressed over 50% in volume (n = 9) and no change in @entity1 volume (n = 1). One @entity0 with large @entity1 (irradiated 10 Gy) was operated by open surgery at 5 months after gamma knife. Four @entity1 decreased over 50% in volume after cyberknife. Neurologically, none of these @entity0 showed any deterioration. And 16 @entity0 demonstrated an obvious improvement after radiosurgery. At the last follow-up, there were no complications related to radiosurgery. CONCLUSION: Radiosurgery (Gamma knife or cyberknife) is a safe and effective modality for small- and medium-sized @entity3 . Fractionated Cyberknife proves to be an effective treatment for large or giant @entity3 . Thus radiosurgery will be an alternative option to surgery.

title: [Radiosurgery for XXXX : medium- and long-term results].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of @entity7 in @entity5 ( @entity5 ), explore the value of immunohistochemical staining of @entity7 in combination with other neural markers in diagnosis of @entity5 , and analyze the prognostic factors in @entity5 @entity0 . METHODS: 35 cases of @entity5 , of which 33 cases with complete clinical data, were included in this study. Immmunohistochemistry (The En Vision method) was applied to detect the expression of @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 , S-100, NF, @entity2 in the @entity1 tissues. The clinicopathological data of 33 cases were analyzed by Cox regression. RESULTS: The positive expression rate of @entity7 were 51.4% and that of @entity4 was 88.6%. The sensitivity of @entity7 combined with @entity4 was up to 100%. The positive rates of @entity2 , @entity6 , @entity3 , s-100 and NF were 91.4%, 48.6%, 45.7%, 22.9% and 0, respectively. Cox regression analysis showed that the impact of primary location and treatment modality were of statistical significance (P < 0.05), but the age, sex, stage or size of @entity1 did not (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemical detection of @entity7 and neural markers is a preferred method for clinical diagnosis of @entity5 . The main factors affecting the prognosis are the primary location of @entity5 and treatment modality.

title: [Expression of XXXX and analysis of prognostic factors in primitive neuroectodermal tumor].

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical experiences, efficacies and postoperative left ventricular remodeling changes of surgical ventricular reconstruction in the treatment of post- @entity2 . METHODS: The investigators reviewed retrospectively the clinical data, operative approaches and follow-up outcomes of consecutive 194 @entity0 with post- @entity2 , who underwent surgical ventricular reconstruction between January 1997 and December 2009. There were 54 cases in the linear group and 137 cases in the endoventricular patch plasty group. The changes of ventricular remodeling were measured by peri-operative and follow-up echocardiography. RESULTS: All @entity0 underwent surgery with a mean cardiopulmonary bypass duration of (103    35) min and aortic cross clamp duration of (62    26) min. There were 8 per-operative deaths with a mortality rate of 2.2%. Angina pectoris of other cases disappeared and heart function greatly improved. After operation, the ventricular remodeling results showed that in the linear group, there was not significant difference in the changes of ventricular remodeling of post-op 2 weeks, 6 months, 1 year and 5 years versus pre-operation. However, in the endoventricular patch group, the changes of ventricular remodeling of post-op 2 weeks and follow-up 6 months versus pre-operation were significantly reduced (P < 0.05). End-systolic volume (LVESV) reduced from (129    27) ml to (65    8) ml and end-systolic volume index (LVESVI) decreased from (104    14) ml/m(2) to (44    6) ml/m(2) and the subgroup of LVEF < 35% was the most significant in the changes of LVESV and LVESVI. But LVEF improved significantly at post-operation and follow-up (from preoperation 42%    11% to 52%    7% during follow-up). CONCLUSIONS: For @entity0 with @entity2 , left ventricular reconstruction is quite effective. The choice of operative approaches is determined by the size and range of @entity1 . Both string suture and endoventricular patch plasty technique can yield similarly satisfactory surgical outcomes. After operation, ventricular volume significantly decreases and cardiac function greatly improves.

title: [Surgical treatment of post- XXXX : clinical analysis].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Single oral doses of @entity1 were administered to eight healthy volunteers on two different occasions, once at 8.00 am and once at 10.00 pm, in a randomized crossover design with at least one week separating treatments. A fast was maintained for 12 hours prior to and for 2 hours after the morning dose and the subjects did not lie down for at least 12 hours after dosing. A standard dinner was eaten 3 hours prior to the evening dose, and a fast was maintained for 10 hours after dosing; the subjects laid down 2 hours after dosing for at least 6 hours. Blood was collected at specific times for 72 hours and the total volume of urine voided was collected through 72 hours. @entity1 concentrations in plasma and urine were measured by HPLC. @entity1 absorption was slower in 7 of the 8 volunteers following the evening dose relative to the morning dose. Mean +/- S.D. tmax for the evening dose was 2.6 +/- 0.5 hours compared to 1.7 +/- 0.8 for the morning dose. The corresponding mean +/- S.D. Cmax following the morning dose was 446 +/- 124 ng @entity0 compared to 402 +/- 114 ng @entity0 after the evening dose. The mean +/- S.D. AUC was 3328 +/- 1101 ng . h . @entity0 after the morning dose and 3561 +/- 1430 ng . h . @entity0 after the evening dose. The harmonic mean half-life was 7.4 hours after both treatments. These data indicated that the total amount of drug absorbed and the elimination rate constant of the drug had not varied between treatments.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of time of dosing on the disposition of oral XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Twenty-one @entity0 were rendered hydrocephalic by the intracisternal injection of @entity3 . After various intervals between 1 and 44 days the animals were anesthetized for the measurement of arterial (lingual), @entity4 . Following the recordings the animals were sacrificed by @entity1 infusion, the brains sectioned serially, and ventricular size measured. In general, the longer the period of incubation the larger the ventricles. There was no correlation between the degree of @entity2 and mean or pulsatile ventricular pressure. All animals with a pressure of less than 9 torr demonstrated non-linear transmission of the arterial wave into the CSF (which is the same as the pulse in the venous bed). All animals with a pressure greater than 12 torr had linear transmission of the wave. These findings in the hydrocephalic animals are the same as those found in nonhydrocephalic animals with similar pressures. It is concluded that the CSF pulse wave seen in hydrocephalic @entity0 is a result of how the cerebrovascular bed processes the cardiac pulse wave and is independent of the hydrocephalic process. There is no evidence that the pulse wave produces @entity2 .

title: The CSF pulse wave in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A prospective study was undertaken to determine the reproducibility of clinical staging based on digital rectal examination (DRE) in @entity1 . We evaluated 48 consecutive @entity0 diagnosed with localized @entity1 . Four urologists performed DRE and sorted the @entity0 according to the 1992 American Joint Committee on Cancer Classification for @entity1 . Both the percentage observed total agreement among each couple of two different observers and the interobserver variability (Kappa index) were analyzed. The percentage observed total agreement among observers in distinguishing five clinical subcategories (T1c, T2a, T2b, T2c, and T3a) ranged between 38-60% (mean 49%) and the Kappa index showed interobserver agreement was poor (overall Kappa = 0.3 1). All four examiners agreed in assigning the same subcategory in only 21 % of cases, and 90% of them were T I. If only categories are distinguished (T I, T2, or T3), the percentage observed total agreement rises to 60-71% (mean 66%) and the interexaminer agreement improves to good (overall Kappa = 0.4 1). Accurate pathologic staging was obtained in every @entity0 and the percentage observed agreement between every examiner and the pathologist was calculated, excluding cases interpreted as @entity2 . Regarding subcategories, clinicopathologic agreement ranges between 17-46%. If only categories T2 and9T3 are distinguished, agreement rises to 57-69%. In summary, the ability to reproduce clinical staging based on DRE among multiple examiners is disappointingly low and understandably correlates poorly with pathologic stage.

title: Interobserver consistency of digital rectal examination in clinical staging of localized XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We summarize some of the most important findings from research evaluating the hypothesized causes of specific @entity2 (' @entity5 ') over the past four decades. After outlining components of reading ability, we discuss manifest causes of reading difficulties, in terms of @entity4 that might lead to such difficulties. The evidence suggests that inadequate facility in word identification due, in most cases, to more @entity1 in alphabetic coding is the basic cause of difficulties in learning to read. We next discuss hypothesized deficiencies in reading-related cognitive abilities as underlying causes of @entity4 . The evidence in these areas suggests that, in most cases, phonological @entity3 associated with phonological coding deficits are the probable causes of the disorder rather than visual, semantic, or syntactic deficits, although reading difficulties in some @entity0 may be associated with general language deficits. Hypothesized deficits in general learning abilities (e.g., attention, association learning, cross-modal transfer etc.) and low-level sensory deficits have weak validity as causal factors in specific @entity2 . These inferences are, by and large, supported by research evaluating the biological foundations of @entity5 . Finally, evidence is presented in support of the idea that many poor readers are impaired because of inadequate instruction or other experiential factors. This does not mean that biological factors are not relevant, because the brain and environment interact to produce the neural networks that support reading acquisition. We conclude with a discussion of the clinical implications of the research findings, focusing on the need for enhanced instruction.

title: Specific @entity2 ( XXXX ): what have we learned in the past four decades?

answer: @entity5


abstract: We summarize some of the most important findings from research evaluating the hypothesized causes of specific @entity2 (' @entity5 ') over the past four decades. After outlining components of reading ability, we discuss manifest causes of reading difficulties, in terms of @entity4 that might lead to such difficulties. The evidence suggests that inadequate facility in word identification due, in most cases, to more @entity1 in alphabetic coding is the basic cause of difficulties in learning to read. We next discuss hypothesized deficiencies in reading-related cognitive abilities as underlying causes of @entity4 . The evidence in these areas suggests that, in most cases, phonological @entity3 associated with phonological coding deficits are the probable causes of the disorder rather than visual, semantic, or syntactic deficits, although reading difficulties in some @entity0 may be associated with general language deficits. Hypothesized deficits in general learning abilities (e.g., attention, association learning, cross-modal transfer etc.) and low-level sensory deficits have weak validity as causal factors in specific @entity2 . These inferences are, by and large, supported by research evaluating the biological foundations of @entity5 . Finally, evidence is presented in support of the idea that many poor readers are impaired because of inadequate instruction or other experiential factors. This does not mean that biological factors are not relevant, because the brain and environment interact to produce the neural networks that support reading acquisition. We conclude with a discussion of the clinical implications of the research findings, focusing on the need for enhanced instruction.

title: Specific XXXX ( @entity5 ): what have we learned in the past four decades?

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) based therapies are now widely used for the treatment of type 2 @entity0 . Developing our understanding of intestinal @entity8 release may facilitate the development of new therapeutics aimed at targeting the @entity8 producing L-cells. This study was undertaken to characterise the electrical activity of primary L-cells and the importance of voltage gated @entity7 and @entity2 channels for @entity8 secretion. Primary @entity1 L-cells were identified and purified using @entity1 expressing a fluorescent protein driven by the proglucagon promoter. Fluorescent L-cells were identified within primary colonic cultures for patch clamp recordings. @entity8 secretion was measured from primary colonic cultures. L-cells purified by flow cytometry were used to measure gene expression by microarray and quantitative RT-PCR. Electrical activity in L-cells was due to large voltage gated @entity7 currents, inhibition of which by @entity5 reduced both basal and @entity6 -stimulated @entity8 secretion. Voltage gated @entity2 channels were predominantly of the L-type, Q-type and T-type, by expression analysis, consistent with the finding that @entity8 release was blocked both by @entity3 and   -conotoxin MVIIC. We observed large voltage-dependent @entity4 currents, but only a small @entity9 sensitive current that might be attributable to @entity10 . @entity8 release from primary L-cells is linked to electrical activity and activation of L-type and Q-type @entity2 currents. The concept of an electrically excitable L-cell provides a basis for understanding how @entity8 release may be modulated by nutrient, hormonal and pharmaceutical stimuli.

title: Electrical activity-triggered glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion from primary XXXX L-cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Approximately 25% of childhood @entity1 carry the @entity5 / @entity4 fusion gene. Despite their excellent initial treatment response, up to 20% of @entity0 relapse. To gain insight into the relapse mechanisms, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphism arrays for DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs) in 18 matched diagnosis and @entity2 . CNAs were more abundant at relapse than at diagnosis (mean 12.5 vs 7.5 per case; P=.01) with 5.3 shared on average. Their patterns revealed a direct clonal relationship with exclusively new aberrations at relapse in only 21.4%, whereas 78.6% shared a common ancestor and subsequently acquired distinct CNA. Moreover, we identified recurrent, mainly nonoverlapping deletions associated with glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis targeting the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) (n=3), glucocorticoid receptor @entity3 (n=4), and components of the mismatch repair pathways (n=3). Fluorescence in situ hybridization screening of additional 24 relapsed and 72 nonrelapsed @entity5 / @entity4 -positive cases demonstrated that @entity6 deletions were significantly more common in relapse cases (16.6% vs 2.8%; P=.02). Unlike @entity6 deletions, which were always already present at diagnosis, @entity3 and mismatch repair aberrations prevailed at relapse. They were all associated with @entity2 , which poorly responded to treatment. These findings implicate glucocorticoid-associated drug resistance in @entity5 / @entity4 -positive relapse pathogenesis and therefore might help to guide future therapies.

title: XXXX / @entity4 -positive relapses evolve from an ancestral clone and frequently acquire deletions of genes implicated in glucocorticoid signaling.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Approximately 25% of childhood @entity1 carry the @entity5 / @entity4 fusion gene. Despite their excellent initial treatment response, up to 20% of @entity0 relapse. To gain insight into the relapse mechanisms, we analyzed single nucleotide polymorphism arrays for DNA copy number aberrations (CNAs) in 18 matched diagnosis and @entity2 . CNAs were more abundant at relapse than at diagnosis (mean 12.5 vs 7.5 per case; P=.01) with 5.3 shared on average. Their patterns revealed a direct clonal relationship with exclusively new aberrations at relapse in only 21.4%, whereas 78.6% shared a common ancestor and subsequently acquired distinct CNA. Moreover, we identified recurrent, mainly nonoverlapping deletions associated with glucocorticoid-mediated apoptosis targeting the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) (n=3), glucocorticoid receptor @entity3 (n=4), and components of the mismatch repair pathways (n=3). Fluorescence in situ hybridization screening of additional 24 relapsed and 72 nonrelapsed @entity5 / @entity4 -positive cases demonstrated that @entity6 deletions were significantly more common in relapse cases (16.6% vs 2.8%; P=.02). Unlike @entity6 deletions, which were always already present at diagnosis, @entity3 and mismatch repair aberrations prevailed at relapse. They were all associated with @entity2 , which poorly responded to treatment. These findings implicate glucocorticoid-associated drug resistance in @entity5 / @entity4 -positive relapse pathogenesis and therefore might help to guide future therapies.

title: @entity5 / XXXX -positive relapses evolve from an ancestral clone and frequently acquire deletions of genes implicated in glucocorticoid signaling.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Sera from 20 of 24 @entity0 with pernicious @entity4 reacted by immunoblotting with a 65-70 kD protein in @entity1 and rodent gastric mucosal cells enriched for 80-90% parietal cells, and in microsomal preparations derived from these cells. All 20 reactive sera were positive for parietal cell microsomal antibody demonstrated by immunofluorescence. Eighteen parietal cell microsomal antibody-positive sera from @entity0 with unconfirmed pernicious @entity4 also reacted with the same 65-70 kD protein. Serum reactivity with the same 65-70 kD protein was not seen with @entity1 and rodent liver cells or with microsomal preparations derived from these cells. Sera from 10 @entity0 with @entity6 , 10 with @entity5 and 10 with @entity2 and 22 healthy @entity0 did not react with the 65-70 kD protein. These results suggest that the 65-70 kD protein is probably the parietal cell microsomal autoantigen. A second antigen of 85-90 kD mol. wt. present only in @entity1 @entity3 also correlates with the presence of parietal cell microsomal antibody. However, the contribution of this second antigen to parietal cell microsomal antibody reactivity remains uncertain.

title: 65-70 kD protein identified by immunoblotting as the presumptive gastric microsomal autoantigen in pernicious XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Eighty-eight @entity0 with @entity3 , treated by first-line chemotherapy, achieved a complete clinical response and underwent second-look laparotomy to assess the true pathologic status of their disease. Persistent @entity1 was found in 50 @entity0 (57%). Thirty-two of these (36%) had obvious gross @entity1 , whereas, 16 (18%) had microscopic disease. Thirty-eight @entity0 (43%) had no pathologic evidence of persistent @entity3 . With a follow-up of 6 to 60 months, 30 of these @entity0 (79%) remain without evidence of recurrence. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed three covariates that were independently significant in predicting continued disease-free status. These included: the greatest diameter of the largest @entity2 left at the primary operation; histologic features of the @entity1 ; and the diameter of the largest @entity1 aggregate found at initial operation. A mathematical model based on the most significant covariates was designed to assess the relative risk of any @entity0 having persistent @entity1 at second-look laparotomy. A comparison of the predicted to actual outcome revealed a sensitivity of the model of 88%, a specificity of 71%, and an accuracy of 77%. Second-look laparotomy represents the basis on which potentially curative second-line salvage therapy can be initiated. With an increasing period of follow-up and with greater numbers of @entity0 , it can potentially document a complete pathologic response to first-line therapy administered with curative intent, and identify @entity0 for additional, adjunctive therapy, who are at risk of recurrence.

title: A critical reassessment of second-look laparotomy in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The response to initial treatment with @entity3 -containing combination chemotherapy as well as survival, were correlated with @entity1 differentiation (well, moderate or poorly differentiated) in 164 @entity0 with advanced, untreated @entity4 of the @entity2 . Thirty-three percent of the @entity1 were graded as poorly differentiated, 59% moderately differentiated, and 8% were well differentiated. The overall clinical response rates were nearly equal for the three grades of differentiation: 79% for well differentiated, 86% for moderately differentiated, and 89% for poorly differentiated. The complete response rate was somewhat higher for poorly differentiated @entity1 : 46% as compared to 32% and 29% for moderately and well differentiated respectively, but the differences were not statistically significant. The median survival for each morphologic group was 22, 16, and 12 months for well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated @entity1 , respectively (P = 0.097). For @entity0 achieving a complete clinical response to chemotherapy, there was a difference in survival when stratified according to degree of histologic differentiation. @entity0 who were complete responders and had well or moderately differentiated @entity1 attained 75% and 38% survival at 36 months, respectively, versus 19% for @entity0 with complete response and poorly differentiated @entity1 (P = 0.064). The degree of differentiation of previously untreated @entity5 of the @entity2 does not conclusively predict @entity1 response to combination chemotherapy, but may reflect differences in natural history. Survival is improved in @entity0 with differentiated @entity1 as compared to those with poorly differentiated @entity1 . Morphologic grading in @entity0 achieving a complete response reveals a decrease in survival for @entity0 with poorly differentiated @entity1 .

title: The impact of conventional morphologic analysis on response rates and survival in @entity0 with @entity2 treated initially with XXXX -containing combination chemotherapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The response to initial treatment with @entity3 -containing combination chemotherapy as well as survival, were correlated with @entity1 differentiation (well, moderate or poorly differentiated) in 164 @entity0 with advanced, untreated @entity4 of the @entity2 . Thirty-three percent of the @entity1 were graded as poorly differentiated, 59% moderately differentiated, and 8% were well differentiated. The overall clinical response rates were nearly equal for the three grades of differentiation: 79% for well differentiated, 86% for moderately differentiated, and 89% for poorly differentiated. The complete response rate was somewhat higher for poorly differentiated @entity1 : 46% as compared to 32% and 29% for moderately and well differentiated respectively, but the differences were not statistically significant. The median survival for each morphologic group was 22, 16, and 12 months for well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated @entity1 , respectively (P = 0.097). For @entity0 achieving a complete clinical response to chemotherapy, there was a difference in survival when stratified according to degree of histologic differentiation. @entity0 who were complete responders and had well or moderately differentiated @entity1 attained 75% and 38% survival at 36 months, respectively, versus 19% for @entity0 with complete response and poorly differentiated @entity1 (P = 0.064). The degree of differentiation of previously untreated @entity5 of the @entity2 does not conclusively predict @entity1 response to combination chemotherapy, but may reflect differences in natural history. Survival is improved in @entity0 with differentiated @entity1 as compared to those with poorly differentiated @entity1 . Morphologic grading in @entity0 achieving a complete response reveals a decrease in survival for @entity0 with poorly differentiated @entity1 .

title: The impact of conventional morphologic analysis on response rates and survival in @entity0 with XXXX treated initially with @entity3 -containing combination chemotherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The response to initial treatment with @entity3 -containing combination chemotherapy as well as survival, were correlated with @entity1 differentiation (well, moderate or poorly differentiated) in 164 @entity0 with advanced, untreated @entity4 of the @entity2 . Thirty-three percent of the @entity1 were graded as poorly differentiated, 59% moderately differentiated, and 8% were well differentiated. The overall clinical response rates were nearly equal for the three grades of differentiation: 79% for well differentiated, 86% for moderately differentiated, and 89% for poorly differentiated. The complete response rate was somewhat higher for poorly differentiated @entity1 : 46% as compared to 32% and 29% for moderately and well differentiated respectively, but the differences were not statistically significant. The median survival for each morphologic group was 22, 16, and 12 months for well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated @entity1 , respectively (P = 0.097). For @entity0 achieving a complete clinical response to chemotherapy, there was a difference in survival when stratified according to degree of histologic differentiation. @entity0 who were complete responders and had well or moderately differentiated @entity1 attained 75% and 38% survival at 36 months, respectively, versus 19% for @entity0 with complete response and poorly differentiated @entity1 (P = 0.064). The degree of differentiation of previously untreated @entity5 of the @entity2 does not conclusively predict @entity1 response to combination chemotherapy, but may reflect differences in natural history. Survival is improved in @entity0 with differentiated @entity1 as compared to those with poorly differentiated @entity1 . Morphologic grading in @entity0 achieving a complete response reveals a decrease in survival for @entity0 with poorly differentiated @entity1 .

title: The impact of conventional morphologic analysis on response rates and survival in XXXX with @entity2 treated initially with @entity3 -containing combination chemotherapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Targeted delivery of imaging agents and therapeutics to @entity2 would provide early detection and increased therapeutic efficacy against @entity2 . Here we have screened a phage-displayed peptide library to identify peptides that selectively bind to @entity1 cells. Evaluation of individual phage clones after screening revealed that a phage clone displaying the CSNIDARAC peptide bound to @entity0 @entity1 cells at higher extent than other phage clones. The synthetic CSNIDARAC peptide strongly bound to @entity0 cells and was efficiently internalized into the cells, while little binding of a control peptide was seen. It also preferentially bound to other @entity1 cell lines as compared to cells of different @entity2 types. In vivo imaging of @entity1 was achieved by homing of fluorescence dye-labeled CSNIDARAC peptide to the @entity2 after intravenous injection into @entity3 . Ex vivo imaging and microscopic analysis of isolated organs further demonstrated the targeting of CSNIDARAC peptide to @entity2 . The CSNIDARAC peptide-targeted and @entity4 -loaded liposomes inhibited the @entity2 growth more efficiently than untargeted liposomes or free @entity4 . In vivo imaging of fluorescence dye-labeled liposomes demonstrated selective homing of the CSNIDARAC-liposomes to @entity2 . In the same context, higher levels of @entity4 and apoptosis in @entity2 tissue were observed when treated with the targeted liposomes than untargeted liposomes or free @entity4 . These results suggest that the CSNIDARAC peptide is a promising targeting probe that is able to direct imaging agents and therapeutics to @entity1 .

title: A novel peptide probe for imaging and targeted delivery of liposomal @entity4 to XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Targeted delivery of imaging agents and therapeutics to @entity2 would provide early detection and increased therapeutic efficacy against @entity2 . Here we have screened a phage-displayed peptide library to identify peptides that selectively bind to @entity1 cells. Evaluation of individual phage clones after screening revealed that a phage clone displaying the CSNIDARAC peptide bound to @entity0 @entity1 cells at higher extent than other phage clones. The synthetic CSNIDARAC peptide strongly bound to @entity0 cells and was efficiently internalized into the cells, while little binding of a control peptide was seen. It also preferentially bound to other @entity1 cell lines as compared to cells of different @entity2 types. In vivo imaging of @entity1 was achieved by homing of fluorescence dye-labeled CSNIDARAC peptide to the @entity2 after intravenous injection into @entity3 . Ex vivo imaging and microscopic analysis of isolated organs further demonstrated the targeting of CSNIDARAC peptide to @entity2 . The CSNIDARAC peptide-targeted and @entity4 -loaded liposomes inhibited the @entity2 growth more efficiently than untargeted liposomes or free @entity4 . In vivo imaging of fluorescence dye-labeled liposomes demonstrated selective homing of the CSNIDARAC-liposomes to @entity2 . In the same context, higher levels of @entity4 and apoptosis in @entity2 tissue were observed when treated with the targeted liposomes than untargeted liposomes or free @entity4 . These results suggest that the CSNIDARAC peptide is a promising targeting probe that is able to direct imaging agents and therapeutics to @entity1 .

title: A novel peptide probe for imaging and targeted delivery of liposomal XXXX to @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to evaluate the role of computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous drainage in the management of solitary @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sonography and CT were used in the initial diagnosis of @entity3 in @entity0 with vague left upper @entity1 and/or fever. Solitary @entity3 of nine male @entity0 whose ages varied between 21 and 27 years (mean age: 24.7 years) were percutaneously drained under CT guidance. Puncture with 18-gauge Chiba needles and coaxial guidewire technique was used for insertion of six or eight French pigtail catheters. Antibiotics in accordance with the microbiological results were also given adjuvant to drainage. Follow-up examinations were performed by sonography, daily for the first week and weekly for the next 7 weeks, and by CT at the end of first, fourth and eighth weeks. RESULTS: All @entity0 tolerated the intervention well, except for one complicating with @entity5 and @entity2 , who underwent emergency splenectomy. The remaining eight @entity0 recovered within 4 weeks without any @entity4 sequela. A mean of 3.9 days was needed before removing the drainage catheter based on regression criteria. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: CT-guided percutaneous @entity3 may be proven effective and is superior to splenectomy in selected cases, as it preserves host immunity.

title: Computed tomography-guided percutaneous XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The present study was undertaken to verify whether induction of senescence could be sufficient to reverse drug resistance and, if so, to determine the underlying mechanism(s). Our findings indicated that cotreatment of drug-resistant @entity1 cells with @entity2 , at sublethal concentrations, in combination with the pan-caspase inhibitor, @entity6 , elicited a strong reduction of cell viability that occurred in a caspase-independent manner. This was accompanied by the appearance of a senescence phenotype, as evidenced by increased @entity3 / @entity3 expression and senescence-associated @entity4 activity. Experiments using specific inhibitors of major cellular proteases other than caspases have shown that inhibition of @entity5 , but not proteasome or @entity0 , was responsible for the senescence-initiated reversal of drug resistance. This phenomenon appeared to be general because it was valid for other drugs and drug-resistant cell lines. A nonchemical approach, through cell transfection with @entity5 small interfering RNA, also strongly reversed drug resistance. Further investigation of the underlying mechanism revealed that @entity5 inhibition resulted in the alteration of intracellular drug distribution. In addition, in vitro experiments have demonstrated that @entity3 / @entity3 is a substrate for @entity5 , suggesting that inhibition of this enzyme may result in @entity3 / @entity3 stabilization and its increased accumulation. All together, these findings suggest that @entity5 inhibition in drug-resistant cells facilitates induction of senescence and reversal of drug resistance. This may represent the basis for a novel function of @entity5 as a cell survival molecule responsible for initiation of resistance to chemotherapy.

title: Senescence-initiated reversal of drug resistance: specific role of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: CONTEXT: Some have argued that Canada's uniquely restrictive approach to private health insurance keeps the socioeconomic elite inside the public system so that their demands and influence elevate the standard of service for all Canadian citizens. The extent to which this theory is a valid representation of Canadian health care is unknown. OBJECTIVES: To explore how @entity0 with acute @entity1 from different socioeconomic backgrounds perceive their care in Canada's universal health care system and to correlate @entity0 ' backgrounds and perceptions with actual care received. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Prospective observational cohort study with follow-up telephone interviews of 2256 @entity0 30 days following acute @entity1 discharged from 53 hospitals across Ontario, Canada, between December 1999 and June 2002. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postdischarge use of cardiac specialty services; satisfaction with care; willingness to pay directly for faster service or more choice; and mortality according to income and education, adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, clinical factors, onsite angiography capacity at the admitting hospital, and rural-urban residence. RESULTS: Compared with @entity0 in lower socioeconomic strata, more affluent or better educated @entity0 were more likely to undergo coronary angiography (67.8% vs 52.8%; P<.001), receive cardiac rehabilitation (43.9% vs 25.6%; P<.001), or be followed up by a cardiologist (56.7% vs 47.8%; P<.001). Socioeconomic differences in cardiac care persisted after adjustment for confounders. Despite receiving more specialized services, @entity0 with higher socioeconomic status were more likely to be dissatisfied with their access to specialty care (adjusted RR, 2.02; 95% confidence interval, 1.20-3.32) and to favor out-of-pocket payments for quicker access to a wider selection of treatment options (30% vs 15% for @entity0 with household incomes of Can 60 000 dollars or higher vs less than Can 30 000 dollars, respectively; P<.001). After adjusting for baseline characteristics, socioeconomic status was not significantly associated with mortality at 1 year following hospitalization for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Compared with those with lower incomes or less education, upper middle-class Canadians gain preferential access to services within the publicly funded health care system yet remain more likely to favor supplemental coverage or direct purchase of services.

title: Socioeconomic status, service patterns, and perceptions of care among survivors of acute XXXX in Canada.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 in @entity0 is common and can lead to grave consequences if not addressed in a proper and timely manner. In the management of @entity1 , early identification of the causative infective agent is of obvious importance for treatment, as it allows selection of the appropriate antibiotics. However, such identification requires laboratory test results, which may not be immediately available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and usefulness of 13 markers in differentiating between viral and @entity5 in Han @entity0 (34 healthy controls and 78 @entity0 ). It was found that WBC counts were more accurate in diagnosis of the type of agent responsible for @entity2 than was the degree of expression of @entity4 . Among the 13 markers investigated, @entity4 was the best at discriminating between co-infected (bacterium and virus) and single-infected (bacterium or virus) @entity0 with @entity6 . @entity4 expression of less than 1.0256, excluded most @entity3 (the negative predictive value was greater than 89.7%). Diagnosed sole @entity7 clinically overlapped with @entity5 , but @entity5 was more often associated with higher white blood cell (WBC) counts (WBC >=  13,000 cells/mm(3)). When the two marker readouts-- @entity4 < 1.0256 and WBC >=  13,000 cells/mm(3)--were combined, the positive predictive value for @entity5 was 92.3%. These findings can help clinicians discriminate between @entity6 caused by virus, bacterium or both with a high specificity.

title: The diagnostic accuracy of XXXX protein and twelve other markers in discriminating @entity7 in Han @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 in @entity0 is common and can lead to grave consequences if not addressed in a proper and timely manner. In the management of @entity1 , early identification of the causative infective agent is of obvious importance for treatment, as it allows selection of the appropriate antibiotics. However, such identification requires laboratory test results, which may not be immediately available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and usefulness of 13 markers in differentiating between viral and @entity5 in Han @entity0 (34 healthy controls and 78 @entity0 ). It was found that WBC counts were more accurate in diagnosis of the type of agent responsible for @entity2 than was the degree of expression of @entity4 . Among the 13 markers investigated, @entity4 was the best at discriminating between co-infected (bacterium and virus) and single-infected (bacterium or virus) @entity0 with @entity6 . @entity4 expression of less than 1.0256, excluded most @entity3 (the negative predictive value was greater than 89.7%). Diagnosed sole @entity7 clinically overlapped with @entity5 , but @entity5 was more often associated with higher white blood cell (WBC) counts (WBC >=  13,000 cells/mm(3)). When the two marker readouts-- @entity4 < 1.0256 and WBC >=  13,000 cells/mm(3)--were combined, the positive predictive value for @entity5 was 92.3%. These findings can help clinicians discriminate between @entity6 caused by virus, bacterium or both with a high specificity.

title: The diagnostic accuracy of @entity4 protein and twelve other markers in discriminating XXXX in Han @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity1 in @entity0 is common and can lead to grave consequences if not addressed in a proper and timely manner. In the management of @entity1 , early identification of the causative infective agent is of obvious importance for treatment, as it allows selection of the appropriate antibiotics. However, such identification requires laboratory test results, which may not be immediately available. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and usefulness of 13 markers in differentiating between viral and @entity5 in Han @entity0 (34 healthy controls and 78 @entity0 ). It was found that WBC counts were more accurate in diagnosis of the type of agent responsible for @entity2 than was the degree of expression of @entity4 . Among the 13 markers investigated, @entity4 was the best at discriminating between co-infected (bacterium and virus) and single-infected (bacterium or virus) @entity0 with @entity6 . @entity4 expression of less than 1.0256, excluded most @entity3 (the negative predictive value was greater than 89.7%). Diagnosed sole @entity7 clinically overlapped with @entity5 , but @entity5 was more often associated with higher white blood cell (WBC) counts (WBC >=  13,000 cells/mm(3)). When the two marker readouts-- @entity4 < 1.0256 and WBC >=  13,000 cells/mm(3)--were combined, the positive predictive value for @entity5 was 92.3%. These findings can help clinicians discriminate between @entity6 caused by virus, bacterium or both with a high specificity.

title: The diagnostic accuracy of @entity4 protein and twelve other markers in discriminating @entity7 in Han XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: This study aims to analyse the association between ethnicity, elevated metabolic parameters and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in a multiethnic cohort of overweight to @entity1 @entity0 and adolescents. METHODS: For 1053 @entity0 , standard deviation of body mass index (BMI-SDS) was calculated and metabolic parameters (fasting blood @entity4 , fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment-IR, lipids, blood pressure) were measured. @entity2 was defined by WHO criteria. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Adjusted differences in BMI- @entity3 and metabolic parameters between different migration groups were assessed with linear regression models. The risk for @entity2 was calculated with multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: Forty-eight per cent of the @entity0 were German, 25% Turkish and 27% had another ethnicity. Concerning weight status, 23% are overweight, 31% @entity1 and 46% extremely @entity1 with higher rates among the immigrant population. Multivariable models indicate significant associations between elevated metabolic parameters and higher BMI-SDS values. Overall prevalence of @entity2 was 32.3%. @entity2 was detected significantly more often among Turkish @entity0 (40.4%) compared to Germans (27.3%; p=0.02). Logistic regression analysis showed a greater risk for @entity2 with older age (OR=1.09; p=0.003) and Turkish ethnicity (OR=1.62; p=0.02). CONCLUSION: Nearly all @entity0 had symptoms of @entity2 , and 40% had @entity2 showing that this highly health-threatening condition is quite common. Therefore, effective therapy and prevention efforts must be developed for this high risk group. More migration-specific research regarding insulin resistance, @entity2 and Type 2 @entity5 is needed.

title: Ethnicity and comorbidities in an overweight and XXXX multiethnic childhood cohort in Berlin.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Total elbow arthroplasty is a well-established treatment for the @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity5 . We present the results of what we believe to be the first prospective study of the Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis. METHODS: Between June 1982 and December 2000, 204 primary total elbow prostheses were inserted in 166 @entity0 who had @entity5 . No @entity0 was lost to follow-up. The mean duration of follow-up was 6.4 years. All @entity0 were examined preoperatively, at one and two years postoperatively, and at regular intervals thereafter. RESULTS: Six of the 204 elbows had @entity2 at rest at the time of the latest follow-up. Ten @entity0 (ten elbows) without previous @entity1 had development of paresthesias in the distribution of the ulnar nerve postoperatively. @entity0 who had @entity2 at rest or at night and those who had ulnar nerve symptoms preoperatively were found to have a significant chance of having the same complaints postoperatively. @entity2 at rest or at night and a decrease in function during the follow-up period were associated with humeral loosening. Twenty-four elbows had revision of the total elbow prosthesis because of loosening of the humeral component (ten), loosening after @entity3 (six), dislocation (four), @entity4 (two), restricted range of motion (one), or @entity3 of the middle part of the humeral shaft, proximal to the prosthesis (one). One prosthesis was removed because of humeral loosening, and eight were removed because of @entity4 . Another five prostheses were radiographically loose at the time of the latest follow-up. The rate of implant survival, according to the method of Kaplan-Meier, was 77.4% after ten years and 65.2% after eighteen years. CONCLUSIONS: Total elbow replacement is associated with a high complication rate and therefore may be warranted only for seriously disabled @entity0 . Currently, the results associated with the Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis are comparable with the results associated with other prostheses, but loosening of the humeral component remains a concern. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series [no, or historical, control group]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: Primary Souter-Strathclyde total elbow prosthesis in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIM: To explore success, the percentage of @entity0 who received definitive implants compared to all @entity0 screened, and efficacy, the percentage of @entity0 that had improved in at least 3 of the 5 parameters after 1 year. In addition, we determined if there was a statistically significant reduction in @entity2 and functional limiting. Finally, we wanted to investigate if the different paresthesia coverage has a different outcome after 1 year of @entity4 treatment. METHODS: We studied 170 @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity6 and @entity3 , who received @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in the last 4 years. We evaluated, at the beginning and after 1 year, the @entity0 with a questionnaire that assessed @entity2 , what kind of function, drug consumption, @entity0 's satisfaction and the improvement in the quality of life. RESULTS: This study showed a success of more than 50% and an efficacy of more than 69.9%, with no significant differences in 3 different @entity5 conditions. @entity2 and functional limiting presented a statistically significant reduction. Finally, we confirmed that there were no statistically significant differences between @entity0 with different paresthesia coverage. CONCLUSION: This prospective study confirmed that @entity4 had good success and efficacy in the treatment of several types of @entity5 . Finally, our study showed the importance of obtaining paresthesia in the affected area but it is not essential to cover the entire @entity2 area.

title: Prospective study of the success and efficacy of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Most individuals with no pre-existing @entity3 have a low risk of experiencing arterial @entity8 . Using the standard Prescrire methodology, we reviewed the literature on the risk-benefit balance of @entity5 in the primary prevention of cardiovascular events. In the general population, a meta-analysis in 95 456 @entity0 suggests that @entity5 has no effect on either total or cardiovascular mortality. @entity5 may slightly reduce the risk of @entity2 in @entity0 and @entity7 in @entity0 , but it increases the risk of @entity6 . It is unclear whether the benefits outweigh the risks. @entity5 does not reduce mortality in the elderly. in one trial, @entity5 reduced the risk of @entity2 and @entity7 in @entity0 aged 65 and over. However, the risk of @entity9 associated with @entity5 increases with age. Therefore, the risk-benefit balance of @entity5 in primary cardiovascular prevention in the elderly is uncertain. @entity5 is more beneficial in @entity0 with cardiovascular risk factors, but the @entity6 risk is sometimes higher too. In clinical trials, @entity5 did not reduce either total or cardiovascular mortality in @entity4 or @entity1 @entity0 . In contrast, it reduced the risk of @entity7 in @entity4 @entity0 and @entity1 @entity0 . @entity5 did not prevent cardiovascular events in smokers, and has not been assessed in @entity0 with hypercholesterolaemia. In practice, the risks outweigh the benefits when @entity5 is used to prevent a first thrombotic event in @entity0 at low risk. When the cardiovascular risk is higher than in the general population, for example in @entity0 with risk factors, the weak preventive effects of @entity5 on @entity7 and @entity2 may outweigh the small extra risk of @entity6 . The possible value of @entity5 for cardiovascular prevention should be discussed with each individual @entity0 . In general, it is preferable to recommend measures with a proven impact on mortality, such as dietary changes, smoking cessation, or drug therapy for @entity0 with risk factors.

title: XXXX and primary cardiovascular prevention. Uncertain balance between benefits and risks.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity8 usually presents late in the clinical course and has a poor prognosis. No effective systemic therapy is currently available. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and @entity1 of the ECF regimen ( @entity6 , @entity5 . and 24-h continuous infusion of @entity9 ) in advanced @entity8 . @entity0 AND METHOD: On day 1, @entity6 50 mg/m(2) and @entity5 60 mg/m(2) were administered i.v., repeated every 21 days. @entity9 (200 mg/m(2)/day was given continuous i.v. via an ambulatory infusion pump throughout the treatment course. A total of 24 @entity0 (15 @entity0 and nine @entity0 ) with advanced @entity8 between August 1996 and April 2002 were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: Of the 20 evaluable @entity0 , two had partial response (10%) and nine had stable disease (45%), including two minor response. Grade 3/4 @entity7 was observed in six @entity0 , while grade 3/4 @entity4 was seen in five @entity0 . There was no @entity2 or @entity3 during any of the cycles of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: ECF regimen is well-tolerated but is not an effective treatment for advanced @entity8 . Newer clinical trials with combination drugs should be developed.

title: XXXX , @entity5 , and protracted infusion of @entity9 (ECF) in advanced @entity8 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity8 usually presents late in the clinical course and has a poor prognosis. No effective systemic therapy is currently available. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and @entity1 of the ECF regimen ( @entity6 , @entity5 . and 24-h continuous infusion of @entity9 ) in advanced @entity8 . @entity0 AND METHOD: On day 1, @entity6 50 mg/m(2) and @entity5 60 mg/m(2) were administered i.v., repeated every 21 days. @entity9 (200 mg/m(2)/day was given continuous i.v. via an ambulatory infusion pump throughout the treatment course. A total of 24 @entity0 (15 @entity0 and nine @entity0 ) with advanced @entity8 between August 1996 and April 2002 were enrolled in this study. RESULTS: Of the 20 evaluable @entity0 , two had partial response (10%) and nine had stable disease (45%), including two minor response. Grade 3/4 @entity7 was observed in six @entity0 , while grade 3/4 @entity4 was seen in five @entity0 . There was no @entity2 or @entity3 during any of the cycles of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: ECF regimen is well-tolerated but is not an effective treatment for advanced @entity8 . Newer clinical trials with combination drugs should be developed.

title: @entity6 , @entity5 , and protracted infusion of @entity9 (ECF) in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity8