abstract: Antral biopsies were obtained to detect @entity2 infection in 382 @entity0 referred for gastroscopy. One hundred and seventy four @entity0 (46%) were infected. Infection was strongly associated with histological @entity3 (p less than 0.001), but there was no association between histological antral @entity3 and the appearance of the gastric antrum during gastroscopy. Because it has been suggested that the lower relapse rate for duodenal @entity1 following colloidal @entity5 (CBS) is due to suppression of @entity2 we investigated different formulations and dosing of CBS for their efficacy in clearing @entity2 . Seventy four infected @entity0 were prospectively assigned to therapy with @entity4 (11 @entity0 ) or one of four regimens of CBS; one swallow tablet 4 times a day (11 @entity0 ); two swallow tablets twice daily (16 @entity0 ); two buffered swallow tablets twice daily (14 @entity0 ); or two chew tablets twice daily (22 @entity0 ). All @entity0 treated with @entity4 and one CBS swallow tablet 4 times a day were still infected after treatment. Infection was not detected in 16 @entity0 taking twice daily doses of CBS; 8 (50%), 3 (21%) and 5 (23%) @entity0 taking two standard, buffered or chew tabs twice daily respectively. Improvement of histological @entity3 was observed only in those @entity0 apparently cleared of @entity2 (p less than 0.01) and this was due to a decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Nine @entity0 apparently cleared of the infection were rebiopsied 44-137 days following treatment and 6 (66%) were found again to be infected. This study suggests that suppression of @entity2 may vary with the formulation and dosing of CBS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment of @entity2 @entity3 : a pilot study using @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and three formulations of colloidal @entity5 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity5


abstract: Antral biopsies were obtained to detect @entity2 infection in 382 @entity0 referred for gastroscopy. One hundred and seventy four @entity0 (46%) were infected. Infection was strongly associated with histological @entity3 (p less than 0.001), but there was no association between histological antral @entity3 and the appearance of the gastric antrum during gastroscopy. Because it has been suggested that the lower relapse rate for duodenal @entity1 following colloidal @entity5 (CBS) is due to suppression of @entity2 we investigated different formulations and dosing of CBS for their efficacy in clearing @entity2 . Seventy four infected @entity0 were prospectively assigned to therapy with @entity4 (11 @entity0 ) or one of four regimens of CBS; one swallow tablet 4 times a day (11 @entity0 ); two swallow tablets twice daily (16 @entity0 ); two buffered swallow tablets twice daily (14 @entity0 ); or two chew tablets twice daily (22 @entity0 ). All @entity0 treated with @entity4 and one CBS swallow tablet 4 times a day were still infected after treatment. Infection was not detected in 16 @entity0 taking twice daily doses of CBS; 8 (50%), 3 (21%) and 5 (23%) @entity0 taking two standard, buffered or chew tabs twice daily respectively. Improvement of histological @entity3 was observed only in those @entity0 apparently cleared of @entity2 (p less than 0.01) and this was due to a decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Nine @entity0 apparently cleared of the infection were rebiopsied 44-137 days following treatment and 6 (66%) were found again to be infected. This study suggests that suppression of @entity2 may vary with the formulation and dosing of CBS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment of @entity2 @entity3 : a pilot study using XXXX ( @entity4 ) and three formulations of colloidal @entity5 ( @entity5 ).

answer: @entity4


abstract: Antral biopsies were obtained to detect @entity2 infection in 382 @entity0 referred for gastroscopy. One hundred and seventy four @entity0 (46%) were infected. Infection was strongly associated with histological @entity3 (p less than 0.001), but there was no association between histological antral @entity3 and the appearance of the gastric antrum during gastroscopy. Because it has been suggested that the lower relapse rate for duodenal @entity1 following colloidal @entity5 (CBS) is due to suppression of @entity2 we investigated different formulations and dosing of CBS for their efficacy in clearing @entity2 . Seventy four infected @entity0 were prospectively assigned to therapy with @entity4 (11 @entity0 ) or one of four regimens of CBS; one swallow tablet 4 times a day (11 @entity0 ); two swallow tablets twice daily (16 @entity0 ); two buffered swallow tablets twice daily (14 @entity0 ); or two chew tablets twice daily (22 @entity0 ). All @entity0 treated with @entity4 and one CBS swallow tablet 4 times a day were still infected after treatment. Infection was not detected in 16 @entity0 taking twice daily doses of CBS; 8 (50%), 3 (21%) and 5 (23%) @entity0 taking two standard, buffered or chew tabs twice daily respectively. Improvement of histological @entity3 was observed only in those @entity0 apparently cleared of @entity2 (p less than 0.01) and this was due to a decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Nine @entity0 apparently cleared of the infection were rebiopsied 44-137 days following treatment and 6 (66%) were found again to be infected. This study suggests that suppression of @entity2 may vary with the formulation and dosing of CBS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment of @entity2 @entity3 : a pilot study using @entity4 ( XXXX ) and three formulations of colloidal @entity5 ( @entity5 ).

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 is a leading cause of @entity1 and one of the most common causes of @entity3 globally. The impact of @entity7 on host molecular processes that lead to detrimental pulmonary consequences is not fully understood. Here, we show that @entity7 induces toxic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in @entity0 alveolar epithelial cells, as indicated by @entity6 mutated kinase (ATM)-dependent phosphorylation of histone H2AX and colocalization with p53-binding protein ( @entity10 ). Furthermore, results show that DNA damage occurs in a bacterial contact-independent fashion and that @entity4 @entity8 oxidase (SpxB), which enables synthesis of @entity9 , plays a critical role in inducing DSBs. The extent of DNA damage correlates with the extent of apoptosis, and DNA damage precedes apoptosis, which is consistent with the time required for execution of apoptosis. Furthermore, addition of catalase, which neutralizes @entity9 , greatly suppresses @entity7 -induced DNA damage and apoptosis. Importantly, @entity7 induces DSBs in the lungs of animals with @entity5 , and @entity9 production by @entity7 in vivo contributes to its genotoxicity and virulence. One of the major DSBs repair pathways is nonhomologous end joining for which Ku70/80 is essential for repair. We find that deficiency of Ku80 causes an increase in the levels of DSBs and apoptosis, underscoring the importance of DNA repair in preventing @entity7 -induced genotoxicity. Taken together, this study shows that @entity7 -induced damage to the host cell genome exacerbates its @entity2 and pathogenesis, making DNA repair a potentially important susceptibility factor in @entity0 who suffer from @entity1 .

title: XXXX secretes hydrogen peroxide leading to DNA damage and apoptosis in lung cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: To our knowledge, there is no previous clinical description in the literature of @entity0 with @entity5 . We evaluated 20 @entity0 with this disorder who were a subgroup of a larger, prospective study of @entity5 , 13 @entity0 and seven @entity0 , with a mean age of 59 years. Eleven @entity0 had had one episode and nine had experienced multiple episodes. Fourteen @entity0 were recumbent before the urge to defecate, nine of these asleep. The diagnostic evaluation disclosed that two @entity0 had gastrointestinal tract problems, three had @entity3 , and one had transient @entity1 attacks. Three additional @entity0 had marked @entity4 . No identifiable cause for @entity5 was found in 11 @entity0 , but new medical problems were noted in four of those @entity0 . In follow-up at two years, @entity5 had recurred in ten @entity0 , but the majority of recurrences were unassociated with defecation. Seven @entity0 died during the follow-up period of underlying @entity2 . We conclude that @entity5 is not a single distinct clinical entity. Multiple pathologic abnormalities in association with physiologic changes during sleep and defecation may contribute to @entity5 . @entity0 with @entity5 undergo a careful evaluation for diagnosis of underlying illness causing @entity5 .

title: XXXX . A symptom with multiple etiologies.

answer: @entity5


abstract: From July 1980 to November 1985, 109 @entity0 with acute myelogenous and @entity1 who had reached a complete remission (CR) following induction treatment were assigned to a study comparing marrow transplantation with chemotherapy as a postremission treatment. Sixty-nine @entity0 did not have a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical donor, and therefore served as chemotherapy controls; 40 @entity0 had HLA-identical donors, and therefore were assigned to the transplant arm. Of these, 23 were transplanted in first remission and 17 were not. Ten of these 17 were subsequently transplanted in relapse. Initially, only @entity0 with poor prognosis determined by a predictive model were entered into the study. Subsequently, @entity0 with moderately poor prognosis were admitted. Comparing the chemotherapy group with the @entity0 transplanted in first CR, significant control of @entity2 relapse in transplanted @entity0 was seen in the subgroup with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (P less than .1), and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) (P less than .01), in the poor (P = .01) and intermediate subgroup (P = .01), and in the good-prognostic groups (P = .05). The survival was affected significantly in only the poor and intermediate subgroups. The use of predictive models might help to select @entity0 for whom bone marrow transplantation is appropriate in first remission and those for whom bone marrow transplantation can be left as the initial treatment of relapse. Predictive models could further be helpful in comparing studies performed at different transplant centers.

title: A comparison of marrow transplantation with chemotherapy for adults with XXXX of poor prognosis in first complete remission.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The authors present an in-depth clinical, radiographic, and pathologic analysis of a 62-year-old @entity0 with massive bone reabsorption around the proximal femur in a @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The @entity1 was revised 13 years after implantation. Thirty millimeters of calcar resorption was noted radiographically. Evidence of stem bending was present on examination of the femoral implant, and marked wear of the acetabular cup was noted. The pathologic evaluation of removed calcar bone and cement revealed a histiocytic mass invading the bone. Intracellular and extracellular @entity4 debris was noted within the invasive mass. Evidence of fragmented @entity3 cement was also present. The bone-cement interface in the excised calcar region contained segments that showed active bone remodelling around the cement without an interposed membrane. It is possible that this case of calcar resorption began with histiocytic activation and recruitment by @entity2 wear debris followed by active bone lysis. The process may be perpetuated by the fragmentation of cement, as motion occurred at the calcar bone-cement interface, and may represent an extreme example of a process occurring in cases of calcar resorption in general.

title: 14-year follow-up study of a XXXX with massive calcar resorption. A case report.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the risk factors for mortality in nonagenarians with @entity2 and clarity the relationships between risk factors and postoperative mortality. METHODS: For this retrospective study, a total of 197 @entity0 with consecutive isolated nonpathologic @entity1 undergoing hemiarthroplasty were recruited. There were 64 males and 133 females with an age range of 70 years or above. They were divided into three age groups: A, 70-79 years; B, 80-89 years; and C, >=  90 years. A retrospective chart review was conducted to compare these groups in terms of age, gender, nutritional status, blood albumin, total lymphocyte count, hemoglobin levels at admission, comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) rating of operative risk and time period between injury and surgery. RESULTS: Among them, 14 @entity0 died within 1 year. There was one in-hospital death and 13 @entity0 died during follow-ups. The mortality rates of groups A, B and C were (n = 3, 3.9%), (n = 5, 7.2%) and (n = 6, 24.0%). The ASA scores were III (n = 9) and IV (n = 4). And 13 @entity0 had a preoperative blood albumin level < 35 g/L while 11 @entity0 showed a preoperative lymphocyte count level < 1 500 cells/ml. The mortality rates were similar in groups A and B but were significantly lower than that of group C. CONCLUSION: The nonagenarians have a significantly higher mortality. And lower lymphocyte count, nonagenarian, > 2 comorbidities, high ASA score, low blood albumin level and low hemoglobin levels at admission are significant factors for assessing 1-year mortality in elders with @entity2 .

title: [Risk factors for mortality in nonagenarians with XXXX undergoing joint replacement].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies of @entity1 ( @entity2 ) were performed in neonates. 1. Serum concentrations and urinary excretion of @entity2 were investigated in 12 neonates ranging ages from 1 to 27 days (gestational age, 35-41 weeks; birth weight, 2,150-4,030 g) and 2 @entity0 ranging ages from 55 to 57 days (gestational age, 39-40 weeks; birth weight, 2,320-2,650 g). Each of the subjects was given a single intravenous dose of 20 mg/kg by one shot. Serum concentrations of @entity2 in the neonates were 24.9-53.7 micrograms/ml at 1/4 hour after intravenous injection, with an average of 40.6 +/- 7.6 micrograms/ml. Serum half-lives of @entity2 were 1.32-4.75 hours and averaged 2.60 +/- 1.06 hours. Serum concentrations ranged from 2.01 to 14.6 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after injection with an average of 7.70 +/- 3.89 micrograms/ml. In the 2 infants, serum concentrations were 42.0 and 46.2 micrograms/ml at 1/4 hour (average: 44.1 +/- 3.0 micrograms/ml), and 2.91 and 5.04 micrograms/ml at 6 hours after injection (average: 3.98 +/- 1.51 micrograms/ml). Half-lives were 1.54 hours in 1 @entity0 and 1.93 hours in the other (average: 1.74 +/- 0.28 hours). Furthermore, 6-hour urinary recovery rates were 28.5-71.7% (average: 49.3 +/- 12.8%) in the neonates and 42.1-55.5% (average: 48.8 +/- 9.5%) in the @entity0 . The above results suggest that the following 3 points are accepted; 1) peak serum concentrations (at 1/4 hour) in neonates were similar to those in @entity0 and older @entity0 irrespective of age (days after birth). 2) Serum half-lives of @entity2 in neonates shortly after birth were 4 or 5 times longer than those in older @entity0 , but decreased rapidly with the advance of day-ages. The half-life in neonates of 2 weeks of age or so became shorter to about twice the normal value in @entity0 . Furthermore, half-lives of the drug in those at an age of the first half of infancy were similar to those in older @entity0 . 3) The urinary excretion rates tended to be somewhat low with neonates soon after birth, but became very similar to those in @entity0 and older @entity0 at a relatively early stage.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Pharmacokinetic, bacteriological and clinical studies of XXXX in neonates].

answer: @entity1


abstract: In gene therapy for @entity5 , treatments during neonate and @entity0 stages are promising. Replication-incompetent adenovirus (Ad) vectors have been used in gene therapy studies of @entity2 ; however, the transduction properties of Ad vectors in neonates and @entity0 have not been fully examined. Accordingly, this study examined the properties of Ad vector-mediated transduction in neonatal @entity1 . A first-generation Ad vector containing a cytomegalovirus ( @entity4 ) promoter-driven luciferase expression cassette was administered to neonatal @entity1 on the second day of life via @entity3 . The highest Ad vector genome copy numbers and transgene expression were found in the neonatal liver. The neonatal heart exhibited the second highest levels of transgene expression among the organs examined. There was an approximately 1500-fold difference in the transgene expression levels between the adult liver and heart, while the neonatal liver exhibited only an approximately 30-fold higher level of transgene expression than the neonatal heart. A liver-specific promoter for firefly luciferase expression conferred a more than 100-fold higher luciferase expression in the liver relative to the other organs. No apparent hepatotoxicity was observed in neonatal @entity1 following Ad vector administration. These findings should provide valuable information for gene therapy using Ad vectors in neonates and @entity0 .

title: Evaluation of Transduction Properties of an Adenovirus Vector in Neonatal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A core-shell structured molecularly imprinted polymer on upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs@ @entity5 ) was synthesized for the fluorescence (FL) sensing of @entity6 ( @entity4 ). Hexagonal UCNPs were synthesized by the solvothermal method, then coated with a thin @entity2 shell and modified with @entity1 groups. Finally, surface polymerization was initiated among the @entity1 groups, the functional monomers and cross-linking agents by the initiator. The @entity5 synthesized by this procedure was anchored on the surface of UCNPs, possessed better site accessibility and lower transfer resistance for the target molecule compared to bulk imprinted materials. The obtained UCNPs@ @entity5 showed good binding capacity, fast response, high selectivity and specificity to the @entity4 . The FL intensity of the UCNPs@ @entity5 decreased sensitively with the increasing concentration of @entity4 in the range of 50-700 ng mL(-1), the detection limit was 34 ng mL(-1) (S/N = 3). The UCNPs@ @entity5 was successfully applied to the detection of @entity4 in @entity0 samples. Thanks to the unique near-infrared (NIR) excitation nature of UCNPs, the @entity0 meat only needed some simple extraction procedures before FL detection, no complex purifications were required. The average recoveries ranged from 96.01% to 98.90%, with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) below 4.5%. This work offers a novel sensing system that combined the advantages of upconverting nanotechnology and molecularly imprinted technology.

title: A core-shell-structured molecularly imprinted polymer on upconverting nanoparticles for selective and sensitive fluorescence sensing of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Twelve trials of adjuvant immunotherapy in @entity0 suffering from @entity2 have been analyzed and compared to results from experimental studies. The analysis presents evidence suggesting that the immune response to @entity1 cells exists in a state of balance; this appears to be regulated by the dose of antigen and the state of the cells used to immunize the @entity0 . The injection of high doses of live @entity1 cells produced a significantly prolonged duration of the first remission in in @entity2 @entity0 . Immunization with high doses of irradiated and dead cells induced some prolongation of the remission phase and survival time, although the percentage of survivors after 3 years was not increased in these groups as compared to non-immunized @entity0 . Immunization by the same route using a 100-fold lower amount of @entity1 cells afforded no protection against relapse of the disease during the maintenance phase. A few @entity0 even developed the relapse earlier than did @entity0 treated with chemotherapy alone. Our understanding of the immune responses to malignant cells has increased considerably during the past 2 decades due to various observations. The results obtained with active immunotherapy of the @entity2 @entity0 during the same period agree well with experience from laboratory studies. Thus the results confirm the potential of an immunological interaction between the @entity1 cells and the @entity0 . Consequently, it seems likely that the addition of immunotherapy to the treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 might be effective and the tool for maintaining the phase of remission by up-to-date immunological engineering.

title: Immunotherapy in XXXX ( @entity2 )--a tool for maintaining remission?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Twelve trials of adjuvant immunotherapy in @entity0 suffering from @entity2 have been analyzed and compared to results from experimental studies. The analysis presents evidence suggesting that the immune response to @entity1 cells exists in a state of balance; this appears to be regulated by the dose of antigen and the state of the cells used to immunize the @entity0 . The injection of high doses of live @entity1 cells produced a significantly prolonged duration of the first remission in in @entity2 @entity0 . Immunization with high doses of irradiated and dead cells induced some prolongation of the remission phase and survival time, although the percentage of survivors after 3 years was not increased in these groups as compared to non-immunized @entity0 . Immunization by the same route using a 100-fold lower amount of @entity1 cells afforded no protection against relapse of the disease during the maintenance phase. A few @entity0 even developed the relapse earlier than did @entity0 treated with chemotherapy alone. Our understanding of the immune responses to malignant cells has increased considerably during the past 2 decades due to various observations. The results obtained with active immunotherapy of the @entity2 @entity0 during the same period agree well with experience from laboratory studies. Thus the results confirm the potential of an immunological interaction between the @entity1 cells and the @entity0 . Consequently, it seems likely that the addition of immunotherapy to the treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 might be effective and the tool for maintaining the phase of remission by up-to-date immunological engineering.

title: Immunotherapy in @entity2 ( XXXX )--a tool for maintaining remission?

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Antidepressants may have an impact on the course of eye dryness. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of commonly used new antidepressants on eye wetting. Fifty-four @entity0 using new antidepressants and 57 controls were recruited. The Beck Depression Scale and Beck Anxiety Scale questionnaires were completed by the @entity0 , and drug use time and dosages were recorded. The Schirmer test was performed without prior instillation of topical anesthesia to the ocular surface, and the wetting result was recorded for each eye. @entity2 , @entity7 , and @entity4 were used by 27, 13, and 14 @entity0 , respectively. The Schirmer test results in the @entity0 were significantly lower than in the controls (P < 0.001). The @entity0 using selective @entity1 reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) displayed lower wetting measurements ( <=5 mm) compared with those using @entity1 - @entity6 reuptake inhibitors, which was independent of the duration of antidepressant usage (P < 0.05). Although SSRIs do not have anticholinergic adverse effects except @entity3 , we found that both SSRIs and @entity1 - @entity6 reuptake inhibitors increased the risk for eye dryness. The lower Schirmer test results of the SSRIs may be associated with a mechanism other than the anticholinergic system. An awareness of the drugs that contribute to @entity5 will allow ophthalmologists, optometrists, and other physicians to better manage @entity0 who have this problem.

title: XXXX Related to Commonly Used New Antidepressants.

answer: @entity5


abstract: It is well known that LH and @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) induce an @entity6 . The effect of LH/ @entity4 on luteal blood flow, however, is unknown. This work studies the effect of @entity4 on both @entity2 at different stages of pseudopregnancy in adult female @entity1 . Pseudopregnancy was induced by mating with sterile male @entity1 . The length of pseudopregnancy was 13 +/- 1 days and, during this time, blood flow was measured by the injection of radioactive microspheres during anesthesia. At autopsy, the corpora lutea were identified and extirpated under a stereomicroscope. These, and the remaining ovary, were then counted for radioactivity and the blood flow was calculated. @entity3 levels were determined in plasma and ovarian tissues. Furthermore, the responsiveness of @entity5 cyclase was tested in ovarian tissues at day 6 of pseudopregnancy. An intraarterial injection of @entity4 (50 IU) or vehicle (saline) was given 20 min before the blood flow determinations in anesthetized @entity1 . The luteal blood flow was not changed by @entity4 on days 2, 6, and 11 of pseudopregnancy, whereas in the remaining ovary the blood flow increased more than 2-fold, thereby resulting in redistribution of the blood flow. Ten micrograms of NIH-LH-B9, tested at day 6 of pseudopregnancy, mimicked the effect of @entity4 . At day 6 of pseudopregnancy, @entity4 (50 IU) was given ip to conscious @entity1 200 min and 24 h before blood flow determinations. At 200 min after @entity4 there was a more pronounced redistribution of ovarian blood flow with a 45% reduction in luteal blood flow and a 4-fold increase in flow through the remaining ovary. LH as well as @entity4 doubled the @entity3 content of the remaining ovary. In the corpora lutea an increased @entity3 content was seen after 200 min of @entity4 exposure. At 24 h after @entity4 injection, all parameters had returned to control levels except that @entity5 cyclase was nonresponsive. The increase in the total ovarian blood flow coincides with the increased steroidogenesis and these effects are likely due to release of metabolites and/or vasoactive substances. Despite this increase, the blood flow of the corpus luteum was not increased rendering vascular mechanisms unlikely as a part of the acute LH/ @entity4 effects on corpus luteum of pseudopregnancy.

title: Redistribution of ovarian blood flow after injection of XXXX chorionic gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone in the adult pseudopregnant @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: It is well known that LH and @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) induce an @entity6 . The effect of LH/ @entity4 on luteal blood flow, however, is unknown. This work studies the effect of @entity4 on both @entity2 at different stages of pseudopregnancy in adult female @entity1 . Pseudopregnancy was induced by mating with sterile male @entity1 . The length of pseudopregnancy was 13 +/- 1 days and, during this time, blood flow was measured by the injection of radioactive microspheres during anesthesia. At autopsy, the corpora lutea were identified and extirpated under a stereomicroscope. These, and the remaining ovary, were then counted for radioactivity and the blood flow was calculated. @entity3 levels were determined in plasma and ovarian tissues. Furthermore, the responsiveness of @entity5 cyclase was tested in ovarian tissues at day 6 of pseudopregnancy. An intraarterial injection of @entity4 (50 IU) or vehicle (saline) was given 20 min before the blood flow determinations in anesthetized @entity1 . The luteal blood flow was not changed by @entity4 on days 2, 6, and 11 of pseudopregnancy, whereas in the remaining ovary the blood flow increased more than 2-fold, thereby resulting in redistribution of the blood flow. Ten micrograms of NIH-LH-B9, tested at day 6 of pseudopregnancy, mimicked the effect of @entity4 . At day 6 of pseudopregnancy, @entity4 (50 IU) was given ip to conscious @entity1 200 min and 24 h before blood flow determinations. At 200 min after @entity4 there was a more pronounced redistribution of ovarian blood flow with a 45% reduction in luteal blood flow and a 4-fold increase in flow through the remaining ovary. LH as well as @entity4 doubled the @entity3 content of the remaining ovary. In the corpora lutea an increased @entity3 content was seen after 200 min of @entity4 exposure. At 24 h after @entity4 injection, all parameters had returned to control levels except that @entity5 cyclase was nonresponsive. The increase in the total ovarian blood flow coincides with the increased steroidogenesis and these effects are likely due to release of metabolites and/or vasoactive substances. Despite this increase, the blood flow of the corpus luteum was not increased rendering vascular mechanisms unlikely as a part of the acute LH/ @entity4 effects on corpus luteum of pseudopregnancy.

title: Redistribution of ovarian blood flow after injection of @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin and luteinizing hormone in the adult pseudopregnant XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Treatment and supervision of @entity1 @entity0 is part of specialist medicine. A possible change in the role of specialists and general practitioners in the care of these @entity0 was explored by a questionnaire mailed to all Dutch neurologists and a random sample of general practitioners. @entity0 were also asked their opinion. The real situation was studied in a group of @entity0 retrieved from the registers of general practitioners. Demographic, psychosocial, and @entity1 characteristics were sampled. Specialists tend not to want a change in their role; general practitioners desire a change. At present, @entity0 do not want a change, but in future a change might be acceptable to them. More @entity0 than expected were supervised by their general practitioner only. Their demographic and psychosocial characteristics did not differ from those in the population at large. @entity1 characteristics corresponded with those in other studies.

title: XXXX in general practice: the Dutch situation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Ring-necked @entity3 (Aythya collaris) were administered a single lead shot by gastric intubation. At weekly intervals over a 7-week period, the birds were weighed and blood samples obtained for measurement of hematocrit, free erythrocyte @entity4 (FEP), blood lead and @entity5 dehydratase (delta- @entity6 ) activity. The birds were fluoroscoped weekly to ensure that the pellets had been retained. Blood lead concentrations peaked 1 week after dosing at a concentration of 7.75 micrograms/ml and then fell to control levels by Week 4. FEP concentrations in the treated @entity3 also peaked 1 week after dosing at levels which were roughly 1200% of control concentrations. The return of FEP concentrations to normal paralleled blood lead. @entity6 activity was inhibited by approximately 85% by Week 1; however, there was a gradual but steady recovery of @entity6 activity through Week 7. Four of the treated birds died within 2 to 3 weeks of lead administration. Physical signs of @entity0 were maximal 7 to 10 days postdosing and included @entity2 , loss of body weight, impaction of the upper gastrointestinal tract, and bile green @entity1 . In surviving birds, overt signs of @entity0 declined with time and all birds appeared normal by Week 7.

title: Experimental XXXX in the ring-necked @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Ring-necked @entity3 (Aythya collaris) were administered a single lead shot by gastric intubation. At weekly intervals over a 7-week period, the birds were weighed and blood samples obtained for measurement of hematocrit, free erythrocyte @entity4 (FEP), blood lead and @entity5 dehydratase (delta- @entity6 ) activity. The birds were fluoroscoped weekly to ensure that the pellets had been retained. Blood lead concentrations peaked 1 week after dosing at a concentration of 7.75 micrograms/ml and then fell to control levels by Week 4. FEP concentrations in the treated @entity3 also peaked 1 week after dosing at levels which were roughly 1200% of control concentrations. The return of FEP concentrations to normal paralleled blood lead. @entity6 activity was inhibited by approximately 85% by Week 1; however, there was a gradual but steady recovery of @entity6 activity through Week 7. Four of the treated birds died within 2 to 3 weeks of lead administration. Physical signs of @entity0 were maximal 7 to 10 days postdosing and included @entity2 , loss of body weight, impaction of the upper gastrointestinal tract, and bile green @entity1 . In surviving birds, overt signs of @entity0 declined with time and all birds appeared normal by Week 7.

title: Experimental @entity0 in the ring-necked XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Intraocular pressure was artificially raised to 60--70 mmHg in 7 albino @entity3 for periods of 15 minutes to 4 hours. The corneal endothelium of these eyes was studied by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. A correlation between exposure time to elevated IOP, clinical signs observed by slit-lamp examination, and extent of @entity1 is clearly shown. In eyes exposed to high pressure for 15 and 30 minutes corneas remained transparent and only minimal changes could be detected by SEM, which consisted of small areas of cell with unevenness of their surface, occasional cellular @entity4 , and diminution of cilia and microvilli. After 1--2 hours of exposure small, solitary corneal opacifications appeared. In these eyes more severe morphological changes affecting larger areas were observed, with additional cellular blebbing, excariocytosis, cellular rupture, disintegration, and disappearance seen in SEM. Thin sections revealed swelling of mitochondria, disorganisation of endoplasmic reticulum, and the existence of myelin bodies. In eyes exposed for 3 and 4 hours to high IOP corneal haziness, implying stromal @entity0 , appeared. In these eyes the areas affected were larger, the extent of damage being more severe. Many areas were bare of endothelium, surrounded by scattered cellular debris, and showed cells with ballooning surfaces and multiple @entity4 . Even in severe cellular damage cellular junctions appeared intact. It is assumed that endothelial cells are more sensitive to IOP elevation than the cellular junctions and that @entity2 is responsible for the resultant corneal @entity0 .

title: Corneal endothelial changes under induced intraocular pressure elevation: a scanning and transmission electron microscopic study in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 is impaired in @entity1 , resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Neutrophils are the main leukocytes involved in the early phase of healing. As part of their anti-microbial defense, neutrophils form extracellular traps (NETs) by releasing decondensed chromatin lined with cytotoxic proteins. NETs, however, can also induce tissue damage. Here we show that neutrophils isolated from type 1 and type 2 @entity1 @entity0 and @entity2 were primed to produce NETs (a process termed NETosis). Expression of peptidylarginine deiminase 4 (PAD4, encoded by @entity7 in @entity2 ), an enzyme important in chromatin decondensation, was elevated in neutrophils from individuals with @entity1 . When subjected to excisional skin wounds, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity2 produced large quantities of NETs in wounds, but this was not observed in @entity7 (-/-) @entity2 . In @entity1 @entity2 , higher levels of citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit, a NET marker) were found in their wounds than in normoglycemic @entity2 and healing was delayed. @entity4 was accelerated in @entity7 (-/-) @entity2 as compared to @entity5 @entity2 , and it was not compromised by @entity1 . @entity6 , which disrupts NETs, accelerated wound healing in @entity1 and normoglycemic @entity5 @entity2 . Thus, NETs impair wound healing, particularly in @entity1 , in which neutrophils are more susceptible to NETosis. Inhibiting NETosis or cleaving NETs may improve wound healing and reduce NET-driven chronic @entity3 in @entity1 .

title: XXXX primes neutrophils to undergo NETosis, which impairs wound healing.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In neuro-oncology, the biology of neural stem cells (NSCs) has been pursued in two ways: as @entity1 -initiating cells (TICs) and as a potential cell-based vehicle for gene therapy. NSCs as well as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to possess @entity1 tropism capacities. However, there is little data on the migratory capacity of MSCs toward @entity8 -initiating cells (BTICs). This study focuses on the ability of @entity0 adipose tissue derived MSCs (hAT-MSCs) to target BTICs and their crosstalk in the microenvironment. BTICs were isolated from three different types of @entity8 . The migration capacities of hAT-MSCs toward BTICs were examined using an in vitro migration assay and in vivo bioluminescence imaging analysis. To investigate the crosstalk between hAT-MSCs and BTICs, we analyzed the mRNA expression patterns of cyto-chemokine receptors by RT-qPCR and the protein level of their ligands in co-cultured medium. The candidate cyto-chemokine receptors were selectively inhibited using siRNAs. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that hAT-MSCs possess migratory abilities to target BTICs isolated from @entity11 , atypical @entity13 ( @entity7 /RT) and @entity4 . Different types of cyto-chemokines are involved in the crosstalk between hAT-MSCs and BTICs ( @entity11 and @entity7 /RT: @entity2 / @entity9 , @entity12 / @entity14 , @entity15 / @entity5 and IL8R/ @entity6 ; @entity4 : @entity2 / @entity9 , @entity15 / @entity5 , IL8R/ @entity6 and @entity10 / @entity3 ). Our findings demonstrated the migratory ability of hAT-MSCs for BTICs, implying the potential use of MSCs as a delivery vehicle for gene therapy. This study also confirmed the expression of hAT-MSCs cytokine receptors and the BTIC ligands that play roles in their crosstalk.

title: @entity0 Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Target XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In neuro-oncology, the biology of neural stem cells (NSCs) has been pursued in two ways: as @entity1 -initiating cells (TICs) and as a potential cell-based vehicle for gene therapy. NSCs as well as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to possess @entity1 tropism capacities. However, there is little data on the migratory capacity of MSCs toward @entity8 -initiating cells (BTICs). This study focuses on the ability of @entity0 adipose tissue derived MSCs (hAT-MSCs) to target BTICs and their crosstalk in the microenvironment. BTICs were isolated from three different types of @entity8 . The migration capacities of hAT-MSCs toward BTICs were examined using an in vitro migration assay and in vivo bioluminescence imaging analysis. To investigate the crosstalk between hAT-MSCs and BTICs, we analyzed the mRNA expression patterns of cyto-chemokine receptors by RT-qPCR and the protein level of their ligands in co-cultured medium. The candidate cyto-chemokine receptors were selectively inhibited using siRNAs. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that hAT-MSCs possess migratory abilities to target BTICs isolated from @entity11 , atypical @entity13 ( @entity7 /RT) and @entity4 . Different types of cyto-chemokines are involved in the crosstalk between hAT-MSCs and BTICs ( @entity11 and @entity7 /RT: @entity2 / @entity9 , @entity12 / @entity14 , @entity15 / @entity5 and IL8R/ @entity6 ; @entity4 : @entity2 / @entity9 , @entity15 / @entity5 , IL8R/ @entity6 and @entity10 / @entity3 ). Our findings demonstrated the migratory ability of hAT-MSCs for BTICs, implying the potential use of MSCs as a delivery vehicle for gene therapy. This study also confirmed the expression of hAT-MSCs cytokine receptors and the BTIC ligands that play roles in their crosstalk.

title: XXXX Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Target @entity8 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PRL and GH are stored in @entity0 pituitary secretory granules in part as intermolecular @entity4 -linked multimers (as many as 50 monomers/oligomer). In vitro incubation of granules with reduced @entity5 ( @entity6 ) results in the production of monomeric hormones and increased hormone release. We tested the hypothesis that increases in intragranular osmolality due to conversion of oligomers to lower mol wt forms are key to granule rupture. Hormone release was measured after granule incubations in medium made hyperosmotic by the addition of @entity8 or @entity1 . PRL release at pH 7.8 with 0.7 M @entity8 was reduced to 43.5% of the control value, whereas GH release ranged from 70-100% of the control value. Augmented release stimulated by 2 mM @entity6 was also diminished by @entity8 , to 17.9% (PRL) and 75.6% (GH) of control values. The IC50 for @entity8 inhibition of PRL release was 0.62 M; this shifted to 0.38 M in the presence of 2 mM @entity6 . @entity8 also blunted the granule response to @entity6 at all other @entity6 concentrations tested and decreased stimulated release at pH 9 as well as at 7.8. Interference with the ability to maintain an osmotic gradient, a maneuver accomplished by partial disruption of granule membranes with 0.5% @entity7 treatment, reduced or abolished the @entity8 inhibition. Molecular sizing of granule fractions on Superose-6 (Pharmacia) indicated that PRL monomers remaining in the pelletable granule fraction increased with @entity8 about 2-fold under both basal and @entity6 -stimulated conditions. These data support the concept that @entity2 :disulfide equilibria may be important in PRL and GH storage and secretion by their influence on intragranular osmolality. In exocytosis in vivo, osmotically mediated granule rupture may be triggered by @entity3 during granule:plasma membrane fusion.

title: Osmotic pressure regulation of prolactin and growth hormone release from XXXX secretory granules.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 is one of the most common problems leading to prolonged hospitalization of the newborn. Therefore, an effective low-risk, low-cost therapy reducing hospitalization is highly desirable. Plain dried agar, an extract of seaweed, is low cost and low risk; it can bind @entity1 in the gut, decreasing its enterohepatic circulation, thereby decreasing serum levels. Because of conflicting conclusions in the studies of agar's effectiveness in the prevention and treatment of @entity2 , a meta-analysis of their methodologies was done. Criteria for assessing prospective controlled therapeutic trials of agar were established in six areas: hypothesis and clinical outcome, @entity0 selection, treatment group allocation, therapeutic maneuver, use of cotherapies, and data analysis. Nine prospective clinical trials of agar therapy were evaluated using these six criteria. The seven studies with negative conclusions regarding agar's efficacy failed to meet the criteria in several categories: @entity0 selection, therapeutic maneuver, use of cotherapies, or data analysis. All of the studies, including the positive studies, were at risk for biased treatment allocation. Although the pooled data analysis suggests that prophylactic agar treatment is associated with reduced peak serum @entity1 levels, this observation must be interpreted cautiously in light of heterogenous @entity0 populations and the methodologic problems described. Based on this meta-analysis, agar therapy for @entity2 can neither be recommended nor rejected. The methodologic analysis gives clear guidance for future research concerning the effectiveness of agar in treating @entity2 and provides a model for meta-analysis of other prospective trials in pediatrics.

title: Decreased neonatal serum XXXX with plain agar: a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To evaluate a technique of canal wall up mastoidectomy for limited attic @entity1 and to study practical considerations during surgery. Any @entity0 undergoing surgery for attic @entity1 was thoroughly examined during surgery and decision for doing this canal wall up (CWU) surgery will be taken on operating table. The @entity0 were regularly followed up and microscopic, oto endoscopic and audiological assessments done at regular intervals. Revision surgery was done only if there were signs of recidivism or if ossiculoplasty was planned for second stage or placement of a prosthesis later was considered. Out of 100 @entity1 surgeries, 22 cases found suitable for the CWU technique. Only 1 out of 22 @entity0 required revision surgery due to recurrence. Rest of the @entity0 maintained healthy middle ear for more than a year. Prevention of medialisation of attic cartilage piece was found to be very important consideration. The CWU technique is a reliable method of management for limited attic @entity1 . Selection of subjects should be very meticulous.

title: Atticotomy, Attic Reconstruction, Tympanoplasty with or Without Ossiculoplasty, Canal Plasty and Cortical Mastoidectomy as Part of Intact Canal Wall Technique for Attic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. Simultaneous recordings of membrane potential and edge movement were obtained in spontaneously beating @entity2 embryonic myocardial cell aggregates, which are known to behave as an isopotential syncytium.2. The time course of edge movement was similar in different aggregates, and in different regions of the same aggregate.3. Peak amplitude was increased by 10(-6)m-ouabain, and by rapid reduction of the external @entity1 concentration.4. Peak amplitude was decreased during single premature action potentials, but sustained rapid pacing produced an ascending staircase.5. Depolarizing current pulses increased both the amplitude and duration of the contraction, and caused potentiation of the next spontaneous beat. Edge displacement during a series of pulses was a monotonic function of membrane potential.6. Edge movement between action potentials (diastolic movement) was well fitted by an exponential with a mean time constant of 69 msec. Diastolic edge movement was due to a weak, slowly decaying contractile force, which was demonstrated in cells grown on a linear-elastic nylon bristle.7. The time course of diastolic edge movement remained constant, or nearly constant, during variations in peak amplitude that resulted from prematurity of the action potential, exposure to 10(-6)m-ouabain, spontaneous mechanical alternans, or prolongation of the action potential by current pulses.8. In contrast, reduction of the external @entity1 concentration produced marked, selective slowing of the diastolic edge movement. Similar slowing occurred during cooling and during staircase. Diastolic edge movement was selectively accelerated when the preceding interbeat interval was prolonged by a hyperpolarizing current pulse.9. The above observations are consistent with the hypothesis that edge displacement is a monotonic function of contractile force.10. The slow relaxation between action potentials probably reflects removal of intracellular @entity0 across the surface membrane in exchange for @entity1 . Changes in the rate of @entity0 removal may play a role in the regulation of contractility in this tissue.

title: The mechanical activity of XXXX embryonic myocardial cell aggregates.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A randomized, controlled trial was performed to determine whether infiltration of fascia with @entity3 , a long-acting local anesthetic, at the time of closure after elective laparotomy, is effective in preventing @entity1 . At the Toronto General Hospital 415 @entity0 undergoing elective laparotomy were randomly allocated to receive @entity3 0.25% (2 ml/cm incision), infiltrated into the fascia evenly along both sides of the incision before wound closure (202 @entity0 ), or to have closure without infiltration (213 @entity0 ). Chest x-ray (CXR) films of all @entity0 were obtained preoperatively and on the second postoperative day. Pulmonary function studies were performed preoperatively and for the first two consecutive days postoperatively. CXR films were scored by a blinded observer. Postoperatively, 64% of the treatment group and 56% of the control group had evidence of @entity2 on CXR films (p = NS, chi 2 test). Both groups had similar decrements in vital capacity and expiratory reserve volume on the first and second postoperative days. There was no significant difference in the amount of analgesic taken in the first 24 hours, although the time to first analgesic was significantly longer in the treatment group (2.2 vs 1.3 hours, p less than 0.055). We conclude that infiltration of the fascia with 0.25% @entity3 at a dose of 2 ml/cm of incision is not effective in preventing @entity2 . It does not reduce use of an analgesic although it may delay its initial requirement.

title: A randomized, controlled trial to determine the effectiveness of fascial infiltration of XXXX in preventing respiratory complications after elective abdominal surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In @entity0 anesthetized by @entity2 , bipolar stimulating and recording electrodes were implanted on the gastric serosal surface and pacing effect of stimuli of rectangular current on the basic electric rhythm (BER) was examined. For judgement of pacing, the appearance of a compensatory pause after off-stimulation was a useful criterion. When BER was recorded at the oral side of stimulation, antiperistaltic one was added. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was 6.0 +/- 0.6 (SD) cycles/min. The relation between stimulus interval (x) and BER interval (y) was represented by y = x in the stimuli below @entity1 . In the stimulus frequency until 2 times of @entity1 above @entity1 , it was replaced by y = 2x. Phase lag between BERs of two separated points was increased as the stimulus frequency was increased up to @entity1 . This tendency was observed similarly within 2 times of @entity1 above @entity1 . Using a gastrointestinal fiberscope, electric stimulation was delivered from the gastric mucosal side, while BER was recorded from the serosal side in 5 @entity0 and was recorded with electrodes through the endoscope in 2 @entity0 . Pacing was possible, too. These results may indicate that pacing and recording of the BER using gastrointestinal fiberscope are applicable clinically.

title: [Studies of pacing the XXXX stomach with electric stimulation for its possible clinical application (author's transl)].

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1 @entity0 have impaired humoral and cellular immunity, and are more susceptible to @entity2 ; their immunological response is expected to be less effective than that of healthy @entity0 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the immune response to @entity3 vaccine in terminally ill @entity1 @entity0 in a home palliative care unit. METHODS: During the fall of 2000-2001, 2005-2006, and 2006-2007, terminally ill @entity1 @entity0 treated by our home palliative care unit were vaccinated against @entity3 with Vaxigrip(  ). Blood samples were taken before and four weeks after vaccination. Influenza immunological response parameters accepted in the literature were calculated. RESULTS: Eighteen terminal @entity1 @entity0 were vaccinated against @entity3 strains predicted for that year; 13 completed the study. The other five @entity0 died within less than a month from the time of vaccination. The serum protection rate increased from 15.4% before to 61.5% after vaccination, and the serum response rate was 53.8% for all the three strains of vaccination. Mean-fold increase was 24.9 for @entity3 , 15.4 for @entity3 , and 2.8 for @entity3 B. Geometric mean titer was increased for @entity3 from 8.3 before vaccination to 159.4 after vaccination; for @entity3 from 5.2 to 124.3, and for @entity3 B from 5.7 to 44.6. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that @entity3 vaccination is probably effective and can be offered to terminally ill @entity1 @entity0 with a life expectancy of about three months in a home care palliative care unit.

title: Influenza vaccination for terminally ill XXXX @entity0 receiving palliative care: a preliminary report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1 @entity0 have impaired humoral and cellular immunity, and are more susceptible to @entity2 ; their immunological response is expected to be less effective than that of healthy @entity0 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the immune response to @entity3 vaccine in terminally ill @entity1 @entity0 in a home palliative care unit. METHODS: During the fall of 2000-2001, 2005-2006, and 2006-2007, terminally ill @entity1 @entity0 treated by our home palliative care unit were vaccinated against @entity3 with Vaxigrip(  ). Blood samples were taken before and four weeks after vaccination. Influenza immunological response parameters accepted in the literature were calculated. RESULTS: Eighteen terminal @entity1 @entity0 were vaccinated against @entity3 strains predicted for that year; 13 completed the study. The other five @entity0 died within less than a month from the time of vaccination. The serum protection rate increased from 15.4% before to 61.5% after vaccination, and the serum response rate was 53.8% for all the three strains of vaccination. Mean-fold increase was 24.9 for @entity3 , 15.4 for @entity3 , and 2.8 for @entity3 B. Geometric mean titer was increased for @entity3 from 8.3 before vaccination to 159.4 after vaccination; for @entity3 from 5.2 to 124.3, and for @entity3 B from 5.7 to 44.6. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that @entity3 vaccination is probably effective and can be offered to terminally ill @entity1 @entity0 with a life expectancy of about three months in a home care palliative care unit.

title: Influenza vaccination for terminally ill @entity1 XXXX receiving palliative care: a preliminary report.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) histocompatibility is not considered when placing donor allografts for lung transplantation. We previously reported that fewer individual Class I ( @entity2 ) antigen mismatches (MM) correlated with improved survival in lung transplant recipients. In this study we evaluated whether the effects of total HLA, Class I and Class II MM were more important determinants of: (1) recipient survival; (2) development of @entity3 ( @entity3 ); and (3) freedom from @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: All adult primary cadaveric lung recipients transplanted between April 1, 1994, and June 30, 2004 entered in the @entity4 database were included (n = 9,791). Groups were created based on the total number of HLA, Class I and Class II MM. Recipient survival, freedom from @entity1 and freedom from @entity3 were compared. Univariate data were computed using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards method. RESULTS: Univariate analysis identified significantly improved survival in recipients with fewer total HLA (p < 0.001) and Class I MM (p = 0.005). The incidence of @entity3 was significantly lower in @entity0 with fewer total Class I MM (p = 0.036). @entity1 was influenced only by Class II MM (p = 0.005). By multivariate analysis, total HLA, Class I and Class II MM impacted recipient survival. Total HLA and Class I MM correlated with development of @entity3 . Class II MM correlated with development of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: HLA MM are important determinants of lung transplant survival, @entity3 and @entity1 . These data suggest that donor-recipient HLA MM may warrant consideration when allocating organs for lung transplantation.

title: HLA mismatches influence lung transplant recipient survival, XXXX and rejection: implications for donor lung allocation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the height of the pandemic influenza H1N1/09 outbreak in Australia in 2009. The objectives of the study were to evaluate public perceptions about transmission and prevention of the disease, to understand their concerns and preparedness to cope with the disease, and to investigate drivers influencing their behaviour. A questionnaire was designed and administered to 510 customers visiting 15 butcher shops in the Greater Sydney region between 26th June and 2nd August 2009. Data were analysed to estimate the proportion of @entity0 with certain perceptions and to evaluate the influence of these perceptions on two binary outcome variables: (1) whether or not @entity0 believed that avoiding pork would protect them from contracting H1N1/09, and (2) whether or not they actually made some changes to pork consumption after the outbreak. A majority of the respondents had perceptions based on fact about transmission and prevention of H1N1/09. As many as 96.8% of the respondents believed that washing their hands frequently was likely to protect them from contracting H1N1/09. Similarly, most believed that they could contract H1N1/09 by travelling on public transport with a sick @entity0 present (94.1%), by shaking hands with a sick @entity0 (89.2%), or by attending a community gathering (73.7%). @entity0 were more likely than @entity0 to have factual perceptions about protective behaviours. Misconceptions regarding transmission of the disease were evident, with 21.7% believing that avoiding eating pork could protect them against H1N1/09, 11.1% believing that they could contract H1N1/09 by drinking tap water, 22.8% by handling uncooked pork meat and 15.6% by eating cooked pork. Approximately one third of respondents believed that working in a @entity1 farm or an abattoir increased their likelihood of contracting H1N1/09 (36.9% and 32.3%, respectively). Younger @entity0 (<35 years old) were more likely to have these misconceptions than older @entity0 . Reduction in consumption of pork, ham or bacon was significantly associated with misconceptions regarding the risk of contracting H1N1/09 from eating @entity1 meat products. It is recommended that in the event of a future disease emergency, communication activities providing factual information and targeting younger @entity0 should be used.

title: Public perceptions of the transmission of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 from XXXX and pork products in Australia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the cross-sectional radiological appearances and to review the clinical presentation and outcome of @entity0 with @entity6 (IVC @entity7 ). These are rare aggressive @entity3 that present late with non-specific symptoms and have a poor prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2002 to December 2008, the radiological images of 23 sequential @entity0 with pathologically proven IVC @entity7 were independently reviewed by two experienced radiologists. The clinical presentation, treatment including surgical details, and outcome were recorded. RESULTS: There were 19 females and four males with a mean age of 53 years. CT typically demonstrated a large, lobulate, non-calcified heterogeneous mass with peripheral enhancement. T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images demonstrated a mass with a low signal intensity and T2-weighted MRI images demonstrated a mass with a high signal intensity. Clinical presentation included leg @entity2 , back and @entity4 with almost 50% of @entity0 presenting with @entity1 . Eleven @entity0 underwent ablative surgery. The mean survival time of all @entity0 in the study was 34 months and that of the 11 post-surgical @entity0 was 56 months. CONCLUSION: There are a variety of diagnostic features on both computed tomography (CT) and MRI which aid the diagnosis of this @entity5 . CT is vital in determining the location of the @entity3 within the IVC and MRI accurately depicts its extent and the potential for surgical resectability, which offers the only chance of survival.

title: XXXX : diagnostic features on cross-sectional imaging.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity4 is associated with a variety of @entity1 . Although the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of influenza A H1N1 were reviewed in depth, only brief descriptions of @entity1 exist. We describe the @entity1 of @entity0 hospitalized with @entity2 . We undertook a retrospective study of all hospitalized @entity0 with laboratory-confirmed @entity2 accompanied by @entity1 during a 4-month winter period. Their demographics and clinical characteristics of neurologic presentations were reviewed. Fourteen of 74 @entity0 (19%) with laboratory-confirmed @entity2 presented with @entity1 . Eleven (11/14, 79%) were previously healthy, and three exhibited chronic conditions. Ten (10/14, 71%) presented with @entity3 : six were febrile, and four were nonfebrile. Other complications included @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity8 , and @entity5 . Only the @entity0 with @entity7 required a course of rehabilitation. @entity1 associated with influenza A H1N1 in our @entity0 were relatively mild. @entity3 (febrile or nonfebrile) were the most common. However, the possibility of @entity2 should be borne in mind when diagnosing @entity0 with neurologic signs during the influenza A H1N1 season.

title: Pediatric Neurologic Complications Associated With XXXX A H1N1.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs are used to modify or alter the @entity3 process. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs do not demonstrate the characteristic analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory actions of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, since weeks or months of treatment are required before clinical benefit is observed. Although they have not been proved to delay, prevent, or reverse articular damage, therapy with disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, when successful, is associated with @entity2 and improved function. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and cytotoxic agents should not be considered as routine treatment for @entity0 with @entity3 . Before disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy is implemented, an optimal basic program of physical therapy, rest, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be implemented, and it must be documented that the @entity0 still has sufficient disease to justify the costs, risks, and benefits of these treatments. Drugs that are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are preferred over nonapproved drugs. @entity8 , parenteral gold salts, oral gold, @entity7 , and the cytotoxic drug @entity4 are the FDA-approved disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs for use in @entity3 . Many, not all, rheumatologists would employ @entity8 as the first-choice disease-modifying antirheumatic drug in @entity0 who have early, mild, and nonerosive disease; treatment should be continued for six months before being abandoned for lack of efficacy, and appropriate ophthalmologic examination every four to six months is indicated. An alternative would be auranofin, whose efficacy approaches that of parenteral gold, yet may be safer. For @entity0 who have severe active @entity3 , especially with erosive changes, parenteral gold salts are usually a first choice. @entity7 is also effective in controlling the signs and symptoms of @entity3 , but serious @entity1 may occur. @entity4 might be considered a competitor to @entity7 , although the FDA approval restricts its use to @entity0 who have failed gold therapy. Two cytotoxic drugs that are not FDA approved are @entity6 and @entity5 . @entity6 can be very effective, but its side effects, particularly pulmonary and hepatic, must be carefully monitored. @entity5 is generally considered too toxic for use in @entity0 with @entity3 , although it may be helpful in @entity0 with @entity9 or @entity0 who have failed all other therapies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Role of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs versus cytotoxic agents in the therapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PET with [methyl-(11)C]-choline ( @entity13 ) can be useful for detecting well-differentiated @entity1 ( @entity1 ) that is not 18F-FDG-avid. This study was designed to examine the relationship between @entity5 metabolism and @entity5 tracer uptake in @entity1 for PET with @entity13 . METHODS: Dynamic PET scans of @entity13 were acquired using the woodchuck models of @entity1 . After imaging, [methyl-(14)C]-choline was injected, and metabolites from both @entity1 tissue samples and the surrounding hepatic tissues were extracted and analyzed by radio-high-performance liquid chromatography. The enzymatic activities of @entity5 kinase and @entity5 - @entity2 cytidylyltransferase were assayed for correlation with the imaging and metabolism data. RESULTS: PET with @entity13 showed an @entity1 detection rate of 9 of 10. The @entity0 -to-liver ratio for the 9 detected @entity9 was 1.89  0.55. @entity3 - @entity4 staining confirmed that all spots with high tracer uptake were well-differentiated @entity9 . Variation of radioactivity distribution within @entity9 indicated a heterogeneous uptake of @entity5 . The activities of both @entity5 kinase and @entity7 cytidylyltransferase were found to be significantly higher in @entity1 than in the surrounding hepatic tissues. The major metabolites of @entity13 were @entity7 in @entity1 and @entity11 and @entity5 in the surrounding hepatic tissues at 12 min after injection; in @entity1 , @entity7 rapidly converted to @entity6 at 30 min after injection. CONCLUSION: @entity9 display enhanced uptake of radiolabeled @entity5 despite a moderate degree of physiologic uptake in the surrounding hepatic tissues. Initially, increased radiolabeled @entity5 uptake in @entity9 is associated with the transport and phosphorylation of @entity5 ; as time passes, the increased uptake of radiolabeled @entity5 reflects increased @entity6 synthesis derived from radiolabeled @entity10 ( @entity12 - @entity5 ) in @entity9 . In contrast, the surrounding hepatic tissues exhibit extensive oxidation of radiolabeled @entity5 via the @entity8 methylation pathway, a major contributor to the observed physiologic uptake.

title: Imaging lipid synthesis in XXXX with [methyl-11c]choline: correlation with in vivo metabolic studies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In @entity0 embryo, the adenohypophysis shows close morphological relationships with @entity1 and nasal presumptive territories. However, we do not know how long the adenohypophysis depends on its surrounding tissues for its development and differentiation nor do we know anything about factors and mechanisms invovled. This study was undertaken to investigate whether any interactions between these neighbouring tissues influence adenohypophyseal cell growth and differentiation. The ablation of the presumptive hypothalamus and @entity2 results in the failure of @entity1 and infundibular process development. However, the adenohypophysis was present, although it was drastically modified. Moreover, gonadotrophs and corticotrophs can be detected in the developing adenohypophyseal tissue. After the ablation of nasal presumptive territory, from where GnRH neurons originate, the adenohypophyseal length and the number of gonadatrophs and corticotrophs are not significantly altered when compared to control embryos. These results suggest that the presumptive hypothalamus and @entity2 are committed during open neural stage. At the following stages, these territories may act to promote the future adenohypophysis development and morphogenesis. However, it seems that pituitary cells are committed from the very early embryonic stages, but interactions between the presumptive adenohypophysis and adjacent territories before the open neural stage cannot be ruled out.

title: Interactions between adenohypophyseal, XXXX and nasal presumptive territories during early neurulation process.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The technique of flow cytometric DNA histogram analysis (FCM) shows there to be two distinct cell populations (diploid vs aneuploid) in the poorly differentiated R3327-G @entity1 prostatic @entity3 . The following study compares @entity0 weight measurements with several FCM computer-based methods designed to determine rapidly the proliferative status of @entity0 . Hypophysectomy, bilateral adrenalectomy, orchiectomy, sham operations, or @entity4 treatments were initiated when the @entity0 were palpable (day 21) and continued until the @entity0 were excised (day 52). Hypophysectomy, orchiectomy, adrenalectomy, and @entity4 treatments all resulted in significant inhibition by @entity0 weight. Quantitation of the percentage of mid-S phase aneuploid cells by summation gave the best correlation with @entity0 weight. @entity0 grown in hypophysectomized, orchiectomized, adrenalectomized, or @entity4 -treated animals showed a significant reduction in the proportion of mid-S phase cells as compared with controls. The calculation of the percentage of all aneuploid cells was significantly reduced in hypophysectomy, orchiectomy, and @entity4 -treated animals. However, @entity0 grown in adrenalectomized animals were not significantly different from controls by this method. Adrenalectomy was found to be the least effective form of therapy, and this was reflected in all of the parameters measured. These data show that FCM analysis may be useful in the quantitation of @entity2 response to therapy.

title: Flow cytometric analysis of the response of the R3327-G @entity1 prostatic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The technique of flow cytometric DNA histogram analysis (FCM) shows there to be two distinct cell populations (diploid vs aneuploid) in the poorly differentiated R3327-G @entity1 prostatic @entity3 . The following study compares @entity0 weight measurements with several FCM computer-based methods designed to determine rapidly the proliferative status of @entity0 . Hypophysectomy, bilateral adrenalectomy, orchiectomy, sham operations, or @entity4 treatments were initiated when the @entity0 were palpable (day 21) and continued until the @entity0 were excised (day 52). Hypophysectomy, orchiectomy, adrenalectomy, and @entity4 treatments all resulted in significant inhibition by @entity0 weight. Quantitation of the percentage of mid-S phase aneuploid cells by summation gave the best correlation with @entity0 weight. @entity0 grown in hypophysectomized, orchiectomized, adrenalectomized, or @entity4 -treated animals showed a significant reduction in the proportion of mid-S phase cells as compared with controls. The calculation of the percentage of all aneuploid cells was significantly reduced in hypophysectomy, orchiectomy, and @entity4 -treated animals. However, @entity0 grown in adrenalectomized animals were not significantly different from controls by this method. Adrenalectomy was found to be the least effective form of therapy, and this was reflected in all of the parameters measured. These data show that FCM analysis may be useful in the quantitation of @entity2 response to therapy.

title: Flow cytometric analysis of the response of the R3327-G XXXX prostatic @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Perfluorochemical (PFC) emulsion as a perfusate of liver preservation prior to transplantation was evaluated in continuous hypothermic perfusion for 24 hours followed by orthotopic transplantation in inbred male Lewis @entity1 . Three different contents of PFC emulsion that is, 20% (original @entity5 ), 10% and 0% PFC solution were prepared as a perfusate. Isolated liver was stored for up to 24 hours using a continuous non-pulsatile perfusion technique of closed circuit with each perfusate. Gas content, GOT, @entity4 , LDH, @entity3 and @entity2 of the perfusate were measured. @entity0 consumption of perfused liver was higher in PFC emulsion than non PFC perfusate. Biochemical analysis of perfusate suggested that liver was preserved best in 10% PFC emulsion. Histological findings, especially, acid phosphatase staining, showed better result in PFC groups. One week survival rates after liver graft were 4/6 (66.7%) in 10% PFC solution, 1/6 (16.7%) in 20% and 0/6 (0%) in 0% solution. In spite of the highest @entity0 consumption of perfused liver in early phase, 20% PFC emulsion did not bring the good preservation of perfused liver because of impaired circulation due to higher viscosity in low temperature. Ten percent PFC solution is considered the best in hypothermic preservation of the liver.

title: [Perfluorochemical emulsion as a perfusate in 24-hour liver preservation prior to transplantation in the XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The author reviewed artificial cells and their applications in hemoperfusion for @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity2 , removal of @entity4 and @entity0 , and metabolic assists. Other areas reviewed included artificial cells containing enzymes, multienzymes, immunosorbents, cell cultures and other areas. Artificial cells can be formed as membrane coated adsorbent or microencapsulated adsorbent, enzymes and cells. The large surface to volume relationship and the ultrathin membrane of artificial cells allows the rapid equilibration of metabolites. Artificial cells containing enzymes, ion exchange resin and activated charcoal have been used for hemoperfusion. The microencapsulated or membrane coated absorbents, enzymes, cells, immunosorbents and other material are prevented from releasing unwanted material into the circulation and prevented from adverse effects on blood cells. Because of the problem of charcoal in releasing emboli and depleting platelets we first developed coated activated charcoal hemoperfusion for clinical application. This has been used extensively in clinical studies. The artificial cell approach has also been applied to a number of other hemoperfusion approaches. The lack of space only allows this paper to summarize some of the approaches originated from this research centre.

title: Hemoperfusion based on artificial cells for XXXX and @entity0 removal, immunosorption, @entity2 , uremia, @entity3 and metabolic assists.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The author reviewed artificial cells and their applications in hemoperfusion for @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity2 , removal of @entity4 and @entity0 , and metabolic assists. Other areas reviewed included artificial cells containing enzymes, multienzymes, immunosorbents, cell cultures and other areas. Artificial cells can be formed as membrane coated adsorbent or microencapsulated adsorbent, enzymes and cells. The large surface to volume relationship and the ultrathin membrane of artificial cells allows the rapid equilibration of metabolites. Artificial cells containing enzymes, ion exchange resin and activated charcoal have been used for hemoperfusion. The microencapsulated or membrane coated absorbents, enzymes, cells, immunosorbents and other material are prevented from releasing unwanted material into the circulation and prevented from adverse effects on blood cells. Because of the problem of charcoal in releasing emboli and depleting platelets we first developed coated activated charcoal hemoperfusion for clinical application. This has been used extensively in clinical studies. The artificial cell approach has also been applied to a number of other hemoperfusion approaches. The lack of space only allows this paper to summarize some of the approaches originated from this research centre.

title: Hemoperfusion based on artificial cells for @entity4 and @entity0 removal, immunosorption, @entity2 , uremia, XXXX and metabolic assists.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The author reviewed artificial cells and their applications in hemoperfusion for @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity2 , removal of @entity4 and @entity0 , and metabolic assists. Other areas reviewed included artificial cells containing enzymes, multienzymes, immunosorbents, cell cultures and other areas. Artificial cells can be formed as membrane coated adsorbent or microencapsulated adsorbent, enzymes and cells. The large surface to volume relationship and the ultrathin membrane of artificial cells allows the rapid equilibration of metabolites. Artificial cells containing enzymes, ion exchange resin and activated charcoal have been used for hemoperfusion. The microencapsulated or membrane coated absorbents, enzymes, cells, immunosorbents and other material are prevented from releasing unwanted material into the circulation and prevented from adverse effects on blood cells. Because of the problem of charcoal in releasing emboli and depleting platelets we first developed coated activated charcoal hemoperfusion for clinical application. This has been used extensively in clinical studies. The artificial cell approach has also been applied to a number of other hemoperfusion approaches. The lack of space only allows this paper to summarize some of the approaches originated from this research centre.

title: Hemoperfusion based on artificial cells for @entity4 and XXXX removal, immunosorption, @entity2 , uremia, @entity3 and metabolic assists.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The author reviewed artificial cells and their applications in hemoperfusion for @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity2 , removal of @entity4 and @entity0 , and metabolic assists. Other areas reviewed included artificial cells containing enzymes, multienzymes, immunosorbents, cell cultures and other areas. Artificial cells can be formed as membrane coated adsorbent or microencapsulated adsorbent, enzymes and cells. The large surface to volume relationship and the ultrathin membrane of artificial cells allows the rapid equilibration of metabolites. Artificial cells containing enzymes, ion exchange resin and activated charcoal have been used for hemoperfusion. The microencapsulated or membrane coated absorbents, enzymes, cells, immunosorbents and other material are prevented from releasing unwanted material into the circulation and prevented from adverse effects on blood cells. Because of the problem of charcoal in releasing emboli and depleting platelets we first developed coated activated charcoal hemoperfusion for clinical application. This has been used extensively in clinical studies. The artificial cell approach has also been applied to a number of other hemoperfusion approaches. The lack of space only allows this paper to summarize some of the approaches originated from this research centre.

title: Hemoperfusion based on artificial cells for @entity4 and @entity0 removal, immunosorption, XXXX , uremia, @entity3 and metabolic assists.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Recent data indicate that interstitial macrophages are not functionally homogeneous, but are heterogeneous with several subpopulations that differ both morphologically and functionally. Furthermore, interstitial macrophages are believed to be precursor to alveolar macrophages, which have recently been shown to be heterogeneous in their ability to synthesize and release prostaglandins. Considering the apparent importance of @entity3 synthesis and release in inflammatory and immune responses, the current study was undertaken to determine if interstitial macrophage subpopulations differ in their ability to synthesize and release @entity3 (PG) E, PGI2, and @entity1 (Tx) A2 after stimulation by @entity0 ionophore @entity4 , zymosan, or aggregated IgG. Interstitial macrophages were harvested and separated into 18 density-defined fractions. Density-defined interstitial macrophages (DD-IM) showed marked heterogeneity in @entity3 synthesis and release. Maximal PGE synthesis and release was seen as a single broad peak after @entity0 ionophore @entity4 and zymosan stimulation. In contrast, no peak in PGE synthesis was seen after aggregated IgG stimulation. PGI2 synthesis also was seen as a single broad peak generated by the lower density interstitial macrophage subpopulations after all stimuli. Similarly, TxA2 synthesis and release was maximal from a broad range of various DD-IM after @entity0 ionophore @entity4 , zymosan, and aggregated IgG stimulation. Furthermore, the synthesis and release of TxA2 correlated with the presence of zymosan and IgG receptors on DD-IM. The results demonstrate that DD-IM are heterogeneous in ability to synthesize and release @entity2 , which are dependent on the stimuli.

title: XXXX synthesis and release by subpopulations of rat interstitial macrophages.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Thirty cases of @entity9 are reported, 16 @entity0 and 14 @entity0 aged 49.3 +/- 14 years at the onset of their illness. The presenting symptoms were oto-rhino-laryngeal in 22 cases and pulmonary in 16 cases. @entity1 was initial in only 1 case. The complete picture comprised oto-rhino-laryngeal (29 cases), pulmonary (26 cases), renal (27 cases), articular (16 cases), muco-cutaneous (19 cases), ocular (15 cases), neurological (13 cases), and muscular (10 cases) involvement. An increased sedimentation rate, @entity6 , @entity5 and @entity7 were common findings. The treatment comprised @entity3 therapy associated with immunosuppressor drugs (28 cases) and plasma exchanges (8 cases). External radiotherapy was used in 5 @entity0 , including 3 with @entity2 , but was not effective. The probability of survival after the initial symptoms was 84 p. 100 at 1 year, 69 p. 100 at 3 years and 59 p. 100 at 5 and 10 years. Eight @entity0 died; infection and @entity4 were the principal causes. Late relapse occurred in 3 @entity0 justifying long-term follow-up and the necessity of using the term "cure" with reserve. The clinical and therapeutic aspects are described in the light of the authors' experience and a review of the literature. The concept of localised form of the disease and bordeline forms with @entity11 , @entity10 , Churg and Strauss syndrome and @entity8 are also discussed.

title: [ XXXX . Clinical aspects, nosologic problems. Review of the literature apropos of 30 cases].

answer: @entity9


abstract: We describe the effect of administration of repeated doses of @entity4 in a newborn @entity0 with @entity1 due to transient @entity2 . Pretreatment (day 3) serum T4 and @entity3 concentrations were 49 micrograms/dl and 590 ng/dl, respectively. With 24 h after the first dose of ipodate, serum @entity3 fell by 40%, and it subsequently ranged from 209-278 ng/dl throughout the 39-day ipodate treatment period. Serum T4 also decreased after ipodate administration to 69% and 41% of the pretreatment value after 72 h and 7 days of treatment, respectively; values thereafter during treatment ranged from 19-22 micrograms/dl. These plateau values are in the upper range of normal for the neonatal period. Rapid clinical improvement occurred as the hyperiodothyroninemia abated. Serum @entity3 concentrations increased from 468-672 ng/dl to greater than 1400 ng/dl 24 h after each ipodate dose. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin was present in maternal and cord sera, and the half-life of serum thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin in the @entity0 was approximately 12 days. Antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies were present in the @entity0 at 10 days of age, and the titers decreased progressively thereafter; the half-life for the antimicrosomal antibody titer was 3 weeks. The data suggest that @entity4 can be useful for treatment of @entity1 due to @entity2 .

title: Treatment of XXXX due to @entity2 with @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We describe the effect of administration of repeated doses of @entity4 in a newborn @entity0 with @entity1 due to transient @entity2 . Pretreatment (day 3) serum T4 and @entity3 concentrations were 49 micrograms/dl and 590 ng/dl, respectively. With 24 h after the first dose of ipodate, serum @entity3 fell by 40%, and it subsequently ranged from 209-278 ng/dl throughout the 39-day ipodate treatment period. Serum T4 also decreased after ipodate administration to 69% and 41% of the pretreatment value after 72 h and 7 days of treatment, respectively; values thereafter during treatment ranged from 19-22 micrograms/dl. These plateau values are in the upper range of normal for the neonatal period. Rapid clinical improvement occurred as the hyperiodothyroninemia abated. Serum @entity3 concentrations increased from 468-672 ng/dl to greater than 1400 ng/dl 24 h after each ipodate dose. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin was present in maternal and cord sera, and the half-life of serum thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin in the @entity0 was approximately 12 days. Antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies were present in the @entity0 at 10 days of age, and the titers decreased progressively thereafter; the half-life for the antimicrosomal antibody titer was 3 weeks. The data suggest that @entity4 can be useful for treatment of @entity1 due to @entity2 .

title: Treatment of @entity1 due to @entity2 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We describe the effect of administration of repeated doses of @entity4 in a newborn @entity0 with @entity1 due to transient @entity2 . Pretreatment (day 3) serum T4 and @entity3 concentrations were 49 micrograms/dl and 590 ng/dl, respectively. With 24 h after the first dose of ipodate, serum @entity3 fell by 40%, and it subsequently ranged from 209-278 ng/dl throughout the 39-day ipodate treatment period. Serum T4 also decreased after ipodate administration to 69% and 41% of the pretreatment value after 72 h and 7 days of treatment, respectively; values thereafter during treatment ranged from 19-22 micrograms/dl. These plateau values are in the upper range of normal for the neonatal period. Rapid clinical improvement occurred as the hyperiodothyroninemia abated. Serum @entity3 concentrations increased from 468-672 ng/dl to greater than 1400 ng/dl 24 h after each ipodate dose. Thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin was present in maternal and cord sera, and the half-life of serum thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin in the @entity0 was approximately 12 days. Antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibodies were present in the @entity0 at 10 days of age, and the titers decreased progressively thereafter; the half-life for the antimicrosomal antibody titer was 3 weeks. The data suggest that @entity4 can be useful for treatment of @entity1 due to @entity2 .

title: Treatment of @entity1 due to XXXX with @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We used a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay to determine the age-specific rates of acquisition of antibody to @entity2 in populations living in an inner city area of Baltimore, Md., on an Apache Indian reservation in Arizona, in a rural area of Panama, and in an urban area of Peru (Lima). Antibody to @entity2 was found in a portion of the adults living in all of the study areas. Similar prevalence rates and quantitative levels of antibody were found in the adults living in Arizona (44%), Panama (48%), and Peru (46%). However, a significantly lower (P less than 0.05) percentage of the adults living in Baltimore (18%) displayed serological evidence of @entity1 . Different patterns of age-associated acquisition of antibody were noted in the study populations. In the United States, @entity0 living in Baltimore had low levels of seropositivity throughout childhood, whereas @entity0 living on the Arizona Indian reservation showed a progressive acquisition of antibody early in childhood, with adult levels achieved by 8 years of age. In Latin America, @entity0 living in Panama attained adult levels of seropositivity between 9 and 20 years of age, whereas @entity0 in Peru displayed adult levels of seropositivity in the first 6 months of life. Our findings documented the widespread occurrence of @entity2 infections in diverse populations. @entity0 living in different areas and under different environmental conditions displayed widely differing rates of acquisition of antibody to @entity2 , possibly resulting from different levels of sanitation, water contamination, and @entity0 -to- @entity0 contact. Our studies indicate that quantitative solid-phase immunoassays can be used to study the epidemiology of @entity1 such as those caused by @entity2 .

title: Age-related rate of seropositivity of antibody to XXXX in four diverse populations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Ten newborn @entity0 , all belonging to one family, suffered from severe @entity5 . Four babies died shortly before or after birth, six recovered (one spontaneously, 5 after one or more exchange transfusions). In 5 out of 8 @entity0 a mixed @entity4 was observed in the immediate postnatal period, with elevated levels of indirect- as well as direct-reacting @entity3 . After the neonatal period, a slight @entity8 , @entity2 persisted, without icterus but with decreased osmotic fragility of the erytrocytes and with target cells in the blood smear. The same hematological picture was observed in one of the parents of each affected baby. All anemic adults belong to one large family; therefore, a dominant mode of inheritance is most likely. Although the hematological findings are suggestive for @entity6 normal HbF and @entity7 levels were observed. In vitro incorporation of radioactive @entity1 into globin chains in reticulocytes demonstrated defective synthesis of beta chains in the affected adults; in two affected @entity0 the same technique showed defective gamma-chain synthesis as well. Analysis of the hemoglobin genes proved that the affected family members are suffering from heterozygous gamma-delta- @entity6 , as originally described by Kan et al. (1972).

title: [ XXXX in one family: gamma-delta-beta thalassemia].

answer: @entity5


abstract: The nutritional status, parasite prevalence and immediate @entity1 to Ascaris and @entity5 antigens were determined for 185 schoolchildren living in two ujamaa villages in Northern Tanzania. In the lowland village of Kwamsisi the parasite ova found were @entity5 (53.8%), Ascaris (26.0%) and hookworm (24.7%). 57.5% of the @entity0 examined were regarded as malnourished, being less than 80% of their expected weight for age. In the mountain village of Ubiri the parasite prevalence rates were 15.2% for @entity5 , 1.6% for @entity3 , 65.2% Ascaris and 24.1% hookworm. @entity4 was found in 81.9% of the @entity0 and in 41.2% of the @entity0 . This sex difference is considered to be due to the physiological effects of living in a hilly environment. Correlation between @entity4 and @entity2 of Ascaris, hookworm and @entity5 gave a chi-square value of 5.972 (p = 0.02). All other statistical comparisons between parasite prevalence and nutritional status were insignificant. Immediate @entity1 tests proved unreliable with 23.3% false negatives (negative skin test with parasite ova found). The serum IgE levels were extremely high with a mean of 3174 units per ml suggesting that the immune mechanisms were not retarded by undernutrition.

title: A preliminary survey of XXXX and helminthiasis among schoolchildren in one mountain and one lowland ujamaa village in Northern Tanzania.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The positively acting regulatory gene amdR of @entity1 coordinately regulates the expression of four unlinked structural genes involved in @entity2 (amdS), omega @entity0 (gatA and gabA), and @entity3 (lamA) catabolism. By the use of DNA-mediated transformation of A. nidulans, the amdR regulatory gene was cloned from a genomic cosmid library. Southern blot analysis of DNA from various loss-of-function amdR mutants revealed the presence of four detectable DNA rearrangements, including a deletion, an insertion, and a translocation. No detectable DNA rearrangements were found in several constitutive amdRc mutants. Analysis of the fate of amdR-bearing plasmids in transformants showed that 10 to 20% of the transformation events were homologous integrations or gene conversions, and this phenomenon was exploited in developing a strategy by which amdRc and amdR- alleles can be readily cloned and analyzed. Examination of the transcription of amdR by Northern blot (RNA blot) analysis revealed the presence of two mRNAs (2.7 and 1.8 kilobases) which were constitutively synthesized at a very low level. In addition, amdR transcription did not appear to depend on the presence of a functional amdR product nor was it altered in amdRc mutants. The dosage effects of multiple copies of amdR in transformants were examined, and it was shown that such transformants exhibited stronger growth than did the wild type on @entity2 and @entity4 media, indicating increased expression of the amdS and lamA genes, respectively. These results were used to formulate a model for amdR-mediated regulation of gene expression in which the low constitutive level of amdR product sets the upper limits of basal and induced transcription of the structural genes. Multiple copies of 5' sequences from the amdS gene can result in reduced growth on substrates whose utilization is dependent on amdR-controlled genes. This has been attributed to titration of limiting amdR gene product. Strong support for this proposal was obtained by showing that multiple copies of the amdR gene can reverse this phenomenon (antititration).

title: Cloning and analysis of the positively acting regulatory gene amdR from XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Bronchoalveolar macrophages (BAM) protect the adult lung from low level microbial contamination. The antimicrobial activity of @entity0 newborn BAM is unknown. BAM were isolated from effluents of suctioned, intubated newborns and from bronchoalveolar lavage of healthy, nonsmoking adult volunteers. An in vitro cytologic slide assay was developed and used to ascertain: 1) inhibition of intracellular filamentation of @entity3 (active @entity2 growth) and 2) killing + digestion of ingested @entity3 . The ability to restrict intracellular @entity2 filamentation was markedly different for @entity0 newborn versus adult BAM. Adult BAM were five times more effective in restricting intracellular filamentation of Candida compared to newborn cells (p less than 0.01). Nonfilamented ingested @entity2 were also handled differently by newborn and adult macrophages. Nonfilamented @entity2 were killed and digested by adult BAM at a rate that was 2.5 times above that noted in neonatal lung macrophages (p less than 0.005). However, no differences were found in the total number of killed + digested Candida within @entity0 newborn and adult BAM [adult = 32.4 +/- 10.5% (n = 5), newborn less than 1200 g = 39.6 +/- 16.8% (n = 8), and newborn greater than 1200 g = 30.2 +/- 11.1% (n = 16), mean +/- S.D.]. Neonatal BAM were able to destroy @entity3 at a level equivalent to adult cells because these newborn phagocytes allowed intracellular Candida to enter a state of active growth, thereby rendering the @entity2 more susceptible to killing and digestion. The anti-Candida activity noted in lung macrophages recovered from normal 1-day-old and adult @entity1 was similar to that seen in @entity0 BAM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity0 and XXXX newborn lung macrophages have reduced anti-Candida activity.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Bronchoalveolar macrophages (BAM) protect the adult lung from low level microbial contamination. The antimicrobial activity of @entity0 newborn BAM is unknown. BAM were isolated from effluents of suctioned, intubated newborns and from bronchoalveolar lavage of healthy, nonsmoking adult volunteers. An in vitro cytologic slide assay was developed and used to ascertain: 1) inhibition of intracellular filamentation of @entity3 (active @entity2 growth) and 2) killing + digestion of ingested @entity3 . The ability to restrict intracellular @entity2 filamentation was markedly different for @entity0 newborn versus adult BAM. Adult BAM were five times more effective in restricting intracellular filamentation of Candida compared to newborn cells (p less than 0.01). Nonfilamented ingested @entity2 were also handled differently by newborn and adult macrophages. Nonfilamented @entity2 were killed and digested by adult BAM at a rate that was 2.5 times above that noted in neonatal lung macrophages (p less than 0.005). However, no differences were found in the total number of killed + digested Candida within @entity0 newborn and adult BAM [adult = 32.4 +/- 10.5% (n = 5), newborn less than 1200 g = 39.6 +/- 16.8% (n = 8), and newborn greater than 1200 g = 30.2 +/- 11.1% (n = 16), mean +/- S.D.]. Neonatal BAM were able to destroy @entity3 at a level equivalent to adult cells because these newborn phagocytes allowed intracellular Candida to enter a state of active growth, thereby rendering the @entity2 more susceptible to killing and digestion. The anti-Candida activity noted in lung macrophages recovered from normal 1-day-old and adult @entity1 was similar to that seen in @entity0 BAM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX and @entity1 newborn lung macrophages have reduced anti-Candida activity.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Muscle membrane injury is a predictable consequence of extreme exertion. The risk is compounded if an untrained individual performs eccentric exercise in a hot environment, or there is any preceding @entity1 , drug ingestion or an underlying @entity2 . Once the integrity of the membrane is breached, a constellation of physiological changes follows. Cell contents leak out and extracellular components leak in. @entity6 and @entity3 ensue. @entity9 is but one substance that is liberated into the bloodstream. When @entity8 , hypovolaemia and @entity4 are added to the @entity9 load, the kidney may respond by ceasing its excretory and metabolic functions. This is the most serious consequence of @entity10 , and may be life threatening. The clinical setting, in combination with laboratory features of a grossly elevated @entity5 kinase, @entity11 positive urine and granular casts provides a rapid and accurate means of diagnosis in most cases. Management principles include aggressive fluid replacement, early use of cation exchange resins and dialysis for electrolyte control, plus fasciotomy for relief of @entity7 and limb preservation. Following this protocol, the prognosis is excellent. Prior conditioning clearly reduces the incidence of exercise-related @entity0 . Future research should concentrate on the rate at which training loads can be safely increased.

title: XXXX , myoglobinuria and exercise.

answer: @entity10


abstract: In this paper a review of the epidemiology of both traumatic and @entity4 is presented with special emphasis on the role of biomechanics. Biomechanical analysis of @entity1 and the specific sports has increased in sophistication to such a degree we have a much better understanding of both aetiology and management. Particularly in the area of @entity4 this biomechanical data can also be utilised in prevention. This paper discusses acute @entity1 with emphasis on @entity3 . A detailed examination of @entity3 during skiing is explored. In addition, cervical @entity1 in gridiron football and rugby are outlined. @entity4 occurring during running are next discussed. Aetiological factors including @entity0 and inflexibility, footwear, running gait and lower extremity @entity2 are considered. @entity4 in swimming, dance, gymnastics and throwing sports are briefly discussed. Biochemical analysis is felt to be important in developing strategies that lead to rule changes, alteration of training techniques and improvement in equipment and footwear.

title: The role of biomechanics in the epidemiology of XXXX .

answer: @entity1