abstract: HYPOTHESIS: This study describes the rationale for, and tests the hypothesis that, a custom outrigger triflange ulnar component for revision @entity1 would decrease the contact stresses at the  bushings and overcome excessive bushing wear in active @entity0 who have bone and @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five consecutive revisions for failed Coonrad-Morrey total elbow arthroplasties were performed with the custom outrigger triflange ulnar component for @entity0 with accelerated bushing wear, ulnar component loosening, and deficient humeral condyles. The mean age at the time of surgery was 48 years (range, 32-64 years). Follow-up averaged 81 months (range, 65-124 months). The average number of previous operations was 2.4 (range, 2-3). RESULTS: The Mayo Elbow Performance Score improved from 40 (range, 15-65) preoperatively to 91 (range, 80-100) at the latest follow-up. There were two excellent and three good results. There was no radiographic or clinical evidence of bushing wear at 6.8 years of follow-up (range, 5.5-10.3 years). One @entity0 required further revision of the humeral component due to mechanical loosening, which had not been revised at the time of the index surgery. DISCUSSION: A custom outrigger triflange ulnar component is an effective alternative for revising loose Coonrad-Morrey ulnar components in active @entity0 with absent humeral epicondyles and accelerated bushing wear. CONCLUSION: It may be an alternative to revision with standard components until improved surgical designs addressing this problem become commercially available.

title: Custom triflange outrigger ulnar component in revision XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) plays an important role in mediating @entity2 . We examined the effect of @entity7 on the immune response to adenovirus vectors and graft function in islet transplant model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Syngeneic @entity3 ( @entity3 ) or @entity7 -deficient (KO) @entity1 islets transduced with adenovirus encoding b-gal were transplanted under the renal capsule. After transplant, blood @entity4 , @entity4 tolerance, graft cellular infiltration, transgene and chemokine/receptor expression, and systemic anti-adenoviral/-b-gal immune response were evaluated. RESULTS: @entity0 was reversed in 1 d in both @entity3 and KO untransduced recipients, while islets transduced with adenovirus failed to reverse @entity0 until 10  d post-transplant in @entity3 recipients or even longer (>15  d) in KO recipients (P < 0.05). A profound infiltration of @entity5 (+), CD8(+) cells and macrophages was observed in both @entity3 and KO transduced grafts at 25 d. Though transgene expression was significantly reduced, insulin and b-gal expression persisted over 3  mo. @entity4 tolerance was impaired in all grafts in KO recipients compared with untransduced grafts in @entity3 recipients at 25 d post-transplant, but was equivalent at 3 mo. Early expression of @entity6 mRNA was increased in transduced grafts in both @entity3 and KO recipients. No systemic antivector immunity was demonstrated in any recipient group. CONCLUSIONS: Transduction of islets with adenovirus causes significant @entity2 in islet grafts and impairs early graft function in @entity7 -deficient recipients, but long-term graft function is preserved. Thus, @entity7 absence does not prevent the local immune response to adenovirus transduction, and vector-associated graft dysfunction is not mediated by @entity7 .

title: XXXX deficiency does not prevent local immune responses to adenovirus vector in islet transplant recipients.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Conservative surgery followed by @entity3 -based chemotherapy is considered the standard approach for pure @entity1 (POD), except for correctly staged IA @entity0 . The aim of study was to evaluate the outcome of IA POD @entity0 with incomplete surgical staging in order to define the proper management. METHODS: Data concerning primary treatment and recurrence were reviewed for 26 @entity0 with stage IA POD treated in MITO (Multicenter Italian Trials in @entity1 ) centers. RESULTS: Median age was 22.5years. Primary surgery was fertility sparing for 17 @entity0 (65.4%) and radical surgery was performed in 9 @entity0 due to older age or @entity2 . Only five @entity0 (19.2%) had complete surgical staging; 38.5% had lymph node dissection, 46.2% had peritoneal biopsies and/or omentectomy and 65.4% had peritoneal washing. Seven @entity0 received adjuvant chemotherapy. Overall recurrence rate was 11.5%: all recurrences occurred in the group submitted to incomplete staging procedure. No @entity0 treated with adjuvant chemotherapy relapsed. One @entity0 had pelvic recurrence, one @entity0 relapsed in the abdomino-pelvic peritoneum and lymph nodes and the third @entity0 showed a peritoneum, lymph nodal and residual ovary relapse. All @entity0 with recurrence were cured by salvage therapy: 2 @entity0 were treated with surgery plus chemotherapy and one only with chemotherapy. After a median follow-up of 100months all @entity0 are alive without evidence of disease. Six @entity0 opted for conception and delivered healthy @entity0 , two with IVF with donor oocyte. CONCLUSIONS: IA POD prognosis is excellent. Conservative surgery with a complete surgical staging is the gold standard. @entity0 with incomplete staging could undergo surgical restaging or surveillance. Chemotherapy should be reserved to relapse with excellent chances of therapeutic success.

title: Is surgical restaging indicated in apparent stage IA pure XXXX ? The MITO group retrospective experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 hybridoma were raised against the @entity0 @entity5 cell line CL-187. One clone was found to secrete a monoclonal antibody (ND-1) that recognizes a large external antigen ( @entity8 ) on @entity0 @entity5 cells. With indirect immunofluorescence on @entity4 -fixed cells, more than 90% of the @entity0 @entity2 cell lines tested expressed @entity8 . Almost all of the 46 @entity0 noncolorectal and nonhuman cell lines tested did not express @entity8 , including @entity1 cell lines from other endodermally derived tissues. Staining of frozen sections from @entity0 @entity2 , @entity1 , normal adult, and normal fetal tissues showed expression of the antigen on @entity2 tissue, fetal colon, and fetal biliary epithelium. @entity8 can also be detected in the serum and ascites of @entity2 @entity0 . Double indirect immunofluorescence with rabbit @entity6 ( @entity6 ) antibody and ND-1 monoclonal antibody on a @entity0 @entity2 cell line showed that @entity8 is distinct from @entity6 . Physicochemical analysis of @entity8 showed that it has a large molecular weight, is resistant to extraction from the cell surface, and that @entity7 is an important component of the antigenic site. Because of the specificity for @entity2 tissue along with certain biochemical properties, @entity8 appears to be unique when compared with other @entity1 -associated antigens. Further research is needed to define the clinical usefulness of @entity8 in either the diagnosis or treatment of @entity2 .

title: Characterization of a new monoclonal antibody to a cell surface antigen on XXXX and fetal gut tissues.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Previous microarray analyses of the @entity2 hypothalamus led us to hypothesise that @entity1 could potentially inhibit the excitatory effects of @entity3 on luteinising hormone (LH). Post-spawning female @entity2 were pre-treated (-4.5 h) with either saline (C; control), @entity5 (S; D(1) -receptor antagonist) or @entity4 (L; D(2) -receptor antagonist), followed by an i.p. injection, at -0.5 h, of saline or the @entity3 agonist @entity0 (A, SA or LA). Blood, hypothalamus and telencephalon tissues were collected. Serum LH was not affected in the S, L, A, or LA groups relative to control as determined by radioimmunoassay. The SA group, however, showed a 289% (P<0.0005) increase in serum LH compared to either treatment alone or control. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction identified the mRNAs for ionotropic (Gria2a, Gria4) @entity3 receptor subunits, activin ba, @entity6 , and cGnRH-II as being significantly affected by some of the treatments. The same experiment conducted with sexually-regressed female fish showed a very different LH profile, indicating that this mechanism is seasonally-dependent. We also show that i.p. injection of 1  g/g @entity6 was able to increase LH levels by 167% in sexually regressed female fish relative to controls. Taken together, these results demonstrate that blockage of the D(1) receptor primes post-spawning @entity2 for @entity0 -stimulated LH release, and provides further insights into the central regulation of reproduction.

title: @entity1 D1 receptor blockage potentiates @entity0 -stimulated luteinising hormone release in the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Previous microarray analyses of the @entity2 hypothalamus led us to hypothesise that @entity1 could potentially inhibit the excitatory effects of @entity3 on luteinising hormone (LH). Post-spawning female @entity2 were pre-treated (-4.5 h) with either saline (C; control), @entity5 (S; D(1) -receptor antagonist) or @entity4 (L; D(2) -receptor antagonist), followed by an i.p. injection, at -0.5 h, of saline or the @entity3 agonist @entity0 (A, SA or LA). Blood, hypothalamus and telencephalon tissues were collected. Serum LH was not affected in the S, L, A, or LA groups relative to control as determined by radioimmunoassay. The SA group, however, showed a 289% (P<0.0005) increase in serum LH compared to either treatment alone or control. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction identified the mRNAs for ionotropic (Gria2a, Gria4) @entity3 receptor subunits, activin ba, @entity6 , and cGnRH-II as being significantly affected by some of the treatments. The same experiment conducted with sexually-regressed female fish showed a very different LH profile, indicating that this mechanism is seasonally-dependent. We also show that i.p. injection of 1  g/g @entity6 was able to increase LH levels by 167% in sexually regressed female fish relative to controls. Taken together, these results demonstrate that blockage of the D(1) receptor primes post-spawning @entity2 for @entity0 -stimulated LH release, and provides further insights into the central regulation of reproduction.

title: XXXX D1 receptor blockage potentiates @entity0 -stimulated luteinising hormone release in the @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Previous microarray analyses of the @entity2 hypothalamus led us to hypothesise that @entity1 could potentially inhibit the excitatory effects of @entity3 on luteinising hormone (LH). Post-spawning female @entity2 were pre-treated (-4.5 h) with either saline (C; control), @entity5 (S; D(1) -receptor antagonist) or @entity4 (L; D(2) -receptor antagonist), followed by an i.p. injection, at -0.5 h, of saline or the @entity3 agonist @entity0 (A, SA or LA). Blood, hypothalamus and telencephalon tissues were collected. Serum LH was not affected in the S, L, A, or LA groups relative to control as determined by radioimmunoassay. The SA group, however, showed a 289% (P<0.0005) increase in serum LH compared to either treatment alone or control. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction identified the mRNAs for ionotropic (Gria2a, Gria4) @entity3 receptor subunits, activin ba, @entity6 , and cGnRH-II as being significantly affected by some of the treatments. The same experiment conducted with sexually-regressed female fish showed a very different LH profile, indicating that this mechanism is seasonally-dependent. We also show that i.p. injection of 1  g/g @entity6 was able to increase LH levels by 167% in sexually regressed female fish relative to controls. Taken together, these results demonstrate that blockage of the D(1) receptor primes post-spawning @entity2 for @entity0 -stimulated LH release, and provides further insights into the central regulation of reproduction.

title: @entity1 D1 receptor blockage potentiates XXXX -stimulated luteinising hormone release in the @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the follow-up results of double valve replacement (DVR) i.e. mitral valve replacement (MVR) and aortic valve replacement (AVR) vs. isolated MVR or AVR for @entity5 . STUDY DESIGN: An interventional qausi-experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Department of Cardiac Surgery, Punjab Institute of Cardiology, Lahore, from September 1994 till December 2007. METHODOLOGY: Prospective follow-up of 493 @entity0 with mechanical heart valves was carried out using clinical assessment, international normalized ratio and echocardiography. @entity0 were divided into three groups: group I having MVR, group II having AVR and group III having DVR. Survival, time and causes of mortality, and frequency of valve @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity2 was noted in the three groups and described as proportions. Actuarial survival was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: There were 493 with 287 (58.3%) in group I, 87 (17.6%) in group II and 119 (24.1%) in group III. Total follow-up was 2429.2 @entity0 (pt)-years. Of 77 (15.6%) deaths, 19 (3.8%) were in-hospital and 58 (11.8%) were late. In-hospital mortality was highest 4 (4.6%) in group II followed by 5 (4.2%) group III and 10 (3.5%) group I. Late deaths were 39 (13.4%) in group I, 9 (10.2%) in group II and 10 (8.3%) in group III. The total actuarial survival was 84.4% with survival of 83%, 85.1%, 87.4% in groups I, II and III respectively. On follow-up valve @entity3 occurred in 12 (0.49%/pt-years) @entity0 ; 9 (0.67%/pt-years) group I, 1 (0.22%/pt-years) in group II and 2 (0.31%/pt-years) in group III. Severe @entity2 occurred in 19 (0.78%/pt-years); 14 in (1.04%/pt-years) in group I, 3 (0.66%/pt-years) group II and 2 (0.31%/pt-years) in group III. @entity1 occurred in 34 (1.3%/pt-years); 26 (1.95%/pt-years) in group I and 4 in groups II (0.89%/pt-years) and III (0.62%/pt-years) each. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with @entity5 having combined mitral and @entity4 DVR should be performed whenever indicated as it has similar in-hospital mortality and better late survival as compared to isolated aortic or mitral valve replacement.

title: Outcome of double vs. single valve replacement for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: From March 26, 1954, to July 19, 1955, 45 @entity0 with major @entity2 not previously correctable underwent open repair utilizing cross-circulation between @entity0 and donor without donor deaths. All operations were carried out at normothermia with lowered flow rates based on azygos flow studies. Twenty-seven @entity0 , more than half of them @entity0 , had @entity7 closed. There were 8 hospital deaths, and there have been only 2 late deaths in 30 years. Fourteen (87.5%) of 16 who underwent recatheterization have closed defects. The 17 30-year-survivors are all in New York Heart Association Functional Class I. Five @entity0 4 months to 10 years old were operated on for @entity4 (complete form). All had intractable failure, and 4 had @entity1 . Two of the 3 hospital deaths were due to @entity5 . The long-term survivor, a 15-month-old @entity0 at the time of operation (severe @entity1 , 90/50 mm Hg), underwent repair 31 years ago and is now married with 3 @entity0 . Recatheterization disclosed normal pulmonary pressure (20/4 mm Hg), no shunts, and mild @entity3 . Ten cyanotic tetrads 13 months to 14 years old were operated on with 5 hospital deaths. Of the 3 late deaths, 1 was accidental at 17 years, 1 occurred suddenly at home 13 years after operation in infancy for @entity6 , and the third occurred at reoperation 10 years later. The 2 remaining @entity0 (1 the first @entity0 operated on) are in excellent health. The surgical methods used and the physiological advantages of cross-circulation (temporary placenta) that made these results possible at a time when surgical knowledge was primitive are described.

title: The first open-heart repairs of XXXX , atrioventricular communis, and tetralogy of Fallot using extracorporeal circulation by cross-circulation: a 30-year follow-up.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In order to understand the @entity0 's perspective in regards to meaningful surrogate clinical trial endpoints and the impact of treatment-related @entity2 , and quality of life, we surveyed @entity0 with gynecological @entity1 to ascertain their preferences. METHODS: A 28-question anonymous online survey was posted on the OCNA website (www.ovariancancer.org). Survey questions included demographic factors, @entity1 data, and @entity0 ' preference regarding side effects and therapy endpoints. Data was analyzed for frequency and percentage of each response. Student t-test, Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon rank sums were preformed. RESULTS: There were 1413 survey responses. @entity0 reported that for a new agent to be meaningful, the minimum extension of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) should be five or more months, 77% and 85% of the time, respectively. Most subjects (55%, n=612) were interested in an agent that would keep @entity1 growth relatively static without change in OS. Addressing the impact of adverse aspects from a hypothetical new agent as a function of response, there was significant migration (p<0.0001) to acceptance of greater @entity2 and cost under the scenario of a 5-6months @entity3 , despite three-fold higher @entity4 , as compared to a PFS gain of 3-4months/no @entity3 without @entity2 . Response patterns weren't altered by recurrence status. CONCLUSIONS: Herein, we show that magnitude of outcome is a desired effect, even given the prospect of significant @entity2 and cost. However, these preferences appear to differ between those with primary and recurrent disease.

title: Endpoints in clinical trials: What do XXXX consider important? A survey of the Ovarian Cancer National Alliance.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We do not know whether surgery during the active phase of @entity3 improves prognosis, as no randomized trial data exist. Several observational studies published recently have examined the influence of surgery on prognosis by performing a propensity score analysis. The aim of the present paper is to review these studies, in order to determine whether or not early surgery decreases mortality in adult @entity0 with @entity3 . Among nine published studies, 4199 @entity0 were included overall. The rate of surgery during the active phase of @entity3 ranged from 23 to 53%. Surgery was significantly beneficial in six studies (adjusted hazard ratios or odds ratios ranging from 0.27 to 0.47), neutral in two studies and without benefit in one study (hazard ratio 1.9; 95% confidence interval 1.1-3.2). Conflicting results appear to be related to differences in statistical methods. When using appropriate models, surgery is significantly associated with reduced long-term mortality. Results from these observational studies suggest that current surgical practices in @entity3 are beneficial in terms of long-term survival. However, we cannot conclude that surgery is beneficial and must be performed in all @entity0 with @entity3 . Surgery was associated with a favourable outcome in those @entity0 in whom @entity3 and @entity0 characteristics led the physicians to perform surgery. @entity0 who seem to benefit most from surgery are those who fulfil management guidelines (embolic event, @entity1 and/or @entity2 ).

title: Is early surgery beneficial in XXXX ? A systematic review.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Different @entity2 cell subpopulations coexisting within the same @entity2 exhibit varied susceptibilities to antineoplastic agents. @entity2 cell heterogeneity is now recognized as the principal cause of treatment failure in @entity2 , and is a formidable obstacle to effective therapy and to the development of drug delivery systems for selective targeting of antineoplastic agents to @entity2 cells. Recent insights into the genesis of @entity2 cell heterogeneity during progressive @entity2 growth reveal new complexities that raise challenging questions about the adequacy of certain approaches to the current therapy of @entity1 and impose challenging criteria for the development of improved therapeutic strategies. Many of the experimental approaches used in the search for new antineoplastic agents and targeted drug delivery systems ignore the pathogenesis of @entity1 and the problem of @entity2 cell heterogeneity. The adoption of more relevant assay systems is an urgent priority. These include the greater use of @entity1 models and the increased use of @entity0 @entity2 cells to replace rodent cell systems which have been of limited predictive value in identifying effective anticancer agents. In contrast to current strategies for the development of new antineoplastic drugs which seek to identify agents with activity against a broad range of histologically diverse @entity2 , greater success may be achieved by seeking agents active only against specific cell lineages. Many established @entity0 @entity2 cell lines may not be suitable for this purpose because of extensive phenotypic change produced by prolonged passage ex vivo. Development of histiotype-specific @entity0 @entity2 cell screens will require an extensive research effort to identify target cells that display demonstrable phenotypic relatedness to @entity2 cells in @entity3 . Major advances in the therapy of @entity1 are considered unlikely in the next few years, and progress will stem from improved use of existing agents in refined combination therapy protocols in which greater attention is given to the duration, frequency, and sequence of therapy with different agents to limit emergence of @entity2 cell variants resistant to one or more antineoplastic agents. Advances in molecular biology offer exciting prospects for the identification of new therapeutic targets in @entity0 @entity2 cells, for the induction of alterations in @entity2 cells that could serve as therapeutic targets, and for the elucidation of the mechanisms responsible for the rapid phenotypic diversification of @entity2 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Pathogenesis of XXXX : implications for current therapy and for the development of new therapeutic strategies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity8 is a new class 1 c antiarrhythmic drug. It slows conduction in the working myocardium and the specialized conduction system and may depress sinus node activity in @entity0 with pre-existing @entity6 . Its hemodynamic effects are minimal. The drug is completely absorbed and shows a half-life of 7-22 hours. Elimination is mainly through the kidneys. @entity8 is highly effective in the treatment of @entity5 , @entity2 . Side effects are mild and consist mostly of dizziness, @entity1 , and nervousness. They rarely require discontinuation of therapy. Proarrhythmic effects have been reported. Caution is required in @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity4 , and/or @entity7 .

title: XXXX : a new antiarrhythmic drug.

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: To test the efficacy of an experimental Dual-Focus (DF) soft contact lens in reducing @entity6 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, paired-eye control, investigator-masked trial with cross-over. @entity0 : Forty @entity0 , 11-14 years old, with mean spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of -2.71    1.10 diopters (D). METHODS: Dual-Focus lenses had a central zone that corrected @entity4 and concentric treatment zones that created 2.00 D of simultaneous myopic retinal defocus during distance and near viewing. Control was a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) lens with the same parameters but without treatment zones. @entity0 wore a DF lens in 1 randomly assigned eye and an @entity1 lens in the fellow eye for 10 months (period 1). Lens assignment was then swapped between eyes, and lenses were worn for a further 10 months ( @entity5 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was change in SER measured by cycloplegic autorefraction over 10 months. Secondary outcome was a change in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) measured by partial coherence interferometry over 10 months. Accommodation wearing DF lenses was assessed using an open-field autorefractor. RESULTS: In period 1, the mean change in SER with DF lenses (-0.44    0.33 D) was less than with @entity1 lenses (-0.69    0.38 D; P < 0.001); mean increase in @entity2 was also less with DF lenses (0.11    0.09 mm) than with @entity1 lenses (0.22    0.10 mm; P < 0.001). In 70% of the @entity0 , @entity6 was reduced by 30% or more in the eye wearing the DF lens relative to that wearing the @entity1 lens. Similar reductions in @entity6 and @entity2 were also observed with DF lens wear during @entity5 . Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity with DF lenses were not significantly different than with @entity1 lenses. Accommodation to a target at 40 cm was driven through the central distance-correction zone of the DF lens. CONCLUSIONS: Dual-Focus lenses provided normal acuity and contrast sensitivity and allowed accommodation to near targets. @entity3 progression and eye elongation were reduced significantly in eyes wearing DF lenses. The data suggest that sustained myopic defocus, even when presented to the retina simultaneously with a clear image, can act to slow @entity6 without compromising visual function. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.

title: Effect of dual-focus soft contact lens wear on XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To test the efficacy of an experimental Dual-Focus (DF) soft contact lens in reducing @entity6 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, paired-eye control, investigator-masked trial with cross-over. @entity0 : Forty @entity0 , 11-14 years old, with mean spherical equivalent refraction (SER) of -2.71    1.10 diopters (D). METHODS: Dual-Focus lenses had a central zone that corrected @entity4 and concentric treatment zones that created 2.00 D of simultaneous myopic retinal defocus during distance and near viewing. Control was a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) lens with the same parameters but without treatment zones. @entity0 wore a DF lens in 1 randomly assigned eye and an @entity1 lens in the fellow eye for 10 months (period 1). Lens assignment was then swapped between eyes, and lenses were worn for a further 10 months ( @entity5 ). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome was change in SER measured by cycloplegic autorefraction over 10 months. Secondary outcome was a change in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) measured by partial coherence interferometry over 10 months. Accommodation wearing DF lenses was assessed using an open-field autorefractor. RESULTS: In period 1, the mean change in SER with DF lenses (-0.44    0.33 D) was less than with @entity1 lenses (-0.69    0.38 D; P < 0.001); mean increase in @entity2 was also less with DF lenses (0.11    0.09 mm) than with @entity1 lenses (0.22    0.10 mm; P < 0.001). In 70% of the @entity0 , @entity6 was reduced by 30% or more in the eye wearing the DF lens relative to that wearing the @entity1 lens. Similar reductions in @entity6 and @entity2 were also observed with DF lens wear during @entity5 . Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity with DF lenses were not significantly different than with @entity1 lenses. Accommodation to a target at 40 cm was driven through the central distance-correction zone of the DF lens. CONCLUSIONS: Dual-Focus lenses provided normal acuity and contrast sensitivity and allowed accommodation to near targets. @entity3 progression and eye elongation were reduced significantly in eyes wearing DF lenses. The data suggest that sustained myopic defocus, even when presented to the retina simultaneously with a clear image, can act to slow @entity6 without compromising visual function. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.

title: Effect of dual-focus soft contact lens wear on @entity6 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are relatively uncommon, they are clinically relevant because of the risk of @entity2 . Optimal management is a matter of debate and involves the use of percutaneous endovascular stenting, which has limitations, versus the  open surgical approach which can lead to significant morbidity. The present study reports the outcomes of robot-assisted surgery for @entity5 and its role in overcoming many of the limitations of laparoscopy. METHODS: A total of nine @entity0 with incidentally detected @entity3 underwent a surgery between September 2001 and November 2007. Six of these nine @entity0 underwent a robot-assisted @entity4 resection with vascular reconstruction. The remaining three cases included one robotic arterial ligation, one robotic partial splenectomy, and one laparoscopic splenectomy. RESULTS: The mean operating time was 212    61 minutes (range: 90-300), mean intraoperative @entity1 was 186.6    202.4 mL (range: 0-500), and mean hospital stay was 7.1    3.7 days (range: 3-14). The morbidity rate was 11.1% and no mortality was reported. Doppler-ultrasonography surveillance showed regular organ perfusion in all @entity0 with vascular reconstruction. CONCLUSION: Robot-assisted surgery for @entity5 represents one of the most advanced developments among minimally invasive procedures and can become an important option for the treatment of this disease.

title: Robot-assisted treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Although @entity10 ( @entity10 ) is a commonly encountered @entity1 during infancy, @entity10 -related @entity5 is rare. We present a @entity0 who developed @entity10 -related @entity5 during the neonatal period and showed marked improvement in @entity5 by regression of @entity10 . A 28-day-old @entity0 with TSH level of 77 mIU/mL on neonatal screening and diagnosed as @entity9 was started on @entity6 ( @entity7 ) (11  g/kg/day) therapy on the 21(th) day of life. On physical examination, the liver was palpable 5 cm below the right costal margin, and the thyroid gland was nonpalpable. Thyroid ultrasonography was normal. Although @entity7 dose was increased to 15  g/kg/day, TSH was not suppressed and free T3 level remained low. @entity2 was detected by abdominal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment was started with @entity3 2 mg/kg/day and alpha-interferon 3 million U/m(2)/3 times per week. @entity4 was thought to be due to type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase activity expressed by @entity10 . @entity7 therapy was changed to Bitiron   tablet, which includes both T4 and T3, and euthyroidism was attained within 1 month. Thyroid hormone requirement was reduced and treatment was discontinued after regression of the @entity10 . At the most recent visit, the @entity0 was 21 months old and off treatment. His growth and neurological development were normal for age and he was euthyroid. @entity10 should be considered in cases with @entity5 resistant to high-dose @entity8 replacement. The treatment of @entity10 in combination with T4 and T3 therapy results in euthyroidism.

title: @entity5 due to XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Although @entity10 ( @entity10 ) is a commonly encountered @entity1 during infancy, @entity10 -related @entity5 is rare. We present a @entity0 who developed @entity10 -related @entity5 during the neonatal period and showed marked improvement in @entity5 by regression of @entity10 . A 28-day-old @entity0 with TSH level of 77 mIU/mL on neonatal screening and diagnosed as @entity9 was started on @entity6 ( @entity7 ) (11  g/kg/day) therapy on the 21(th) day of life. On physical examination, the liver was palpable 5 cm below the right costal margin, and the thyroid gland was nonpalpable. Thyroid ultrasonography was normal. Although @entity7 dose was increased to 15  g/kg/day, TSH was not suppressed and free T3 level remained low. @entity2 was detected by abdominal ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment was started with @entity3 2 mg/kg/day and alpha-interferon 3 million U/m(2)/3 times per week. @entity4 was thought to be due to type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase activity expressed by @entity10 . @entity7 therapy was changed to Bitiron   tablet, which includes both T4 and T3, and euthyroidism was attained within 1 month. Thyroid hormone requirement was reduced and treatment was discontinued after regression of the @entity10 . At the most recent visit, the @entity0 was 21 months old and off treatment. His growth and neurological development were normal for age and he was euthyroid. @entity10 should be considered in cases with @entity5 resistant to high-dose @entity8 replacement. The treatment of @entity10 in combination with T4 and T3 therapy results in euthyroidism.

title: XXXX due to @entity1 : a case report.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin is effective therapy for multifocal @entity2 . The duration of this favorable response and its effect on disease progression are the subject of this report. Between March 1978 and July 1981, 47 @entity0 with diffuse, often symptomatic, @entity3 were treated with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin and followed every 3 to 4 months with cystoendoscopy, biopsy and urine cytology for 3 to 6 years. All @entity0 had had prior or concurrent superficial @entity1 controlled initially by transurethral resection and fulguration 2 to 3 weeks before bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment. Of the 47 @entity0 23 were entered into a randomized study, and received intravesical and percutaneous bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Another 24 @entity0 with @entity3 were treated with intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin alone. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (Pasteur strain) was given intravesically (120 mg. in 50 ml. saline) weekly for 6 weeks. Of the 47 @entity0 32 (68 per cent) are free of disease (negative urine cytology, cystoendoscopy and biopsy): 15 (65 per cent) after combined bacillus Calmette-Guerin for a median duration of 51 months (range 37 to 75 months) and 17 (71 per cent) after intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin alone for a median of 45 months (range 36 to 53 months). Of the 23 @entity0 in the randomized study 4 (17 per cent) have required cystectomy for local progression of disease compared to 17 of 26 controls (65 per cent) who were randomized to transurethral resection and fulguration alone. Cystectomy was performed 3 to 27 months after bacillus Calmette-Guerin treatment and in 3 @entity0 @entity1 was localized to the prostate gland (no @entity1 found within the bladder). These data indicate that intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin is capable of producing long-term remissions of @entity3 in high risk @entity0 and may prevent or delay progression of disease necessitating cystectomy.

title: Long-term effect of intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guerin on flat XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We report on 44 consecutive @entity0 who underwent 1-stage @entity4 repair based on a urethral splent ( @entity2 pleated stent). The severity of @entity4 ranged from subcoronal in 12 cases and distal in 23 to midshaft in 4 and penoscrotal in 5. In the first 15 @entity0 of this series the splent was used with a suprapubic tube. All @entity0 were able to void within the first 36 hours postoperatively. The next 29 @entity0 underwent repairs without the use of a bladder catheter, including 15 who had outpatient procedures. None of the 44 @entity0 has required subsequent catheterization or hospitalization. There have been 2 fistulas in this series. The urethral splent permits normal voiding through and drainage of the neourethra in a variety of @entity4 repairs. The splent expands and contracts with the degree of @entity1 and permits catheterization should this be necessary. The advantages of @entity4 repair without bladder drainage, such as short hospital stay, total ambulation, and decreased potential for @entity3 , can be realized with the use of a urethral splent.

title: XXXX repair without a bladder drainage catheter.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Interactions of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), F2 alpha (PGF2 alpha) and prostacyclin (PGI2) with @entity1 on the isometric contraction of @entity0 detrusor muscle strips were studied using two types of @entity1 antagonists of different mechanisms of action: @entity5 and @entity4 (NP). The effects of PGI2 on vesicourethral smooth muscle and their relationship with cholinergic, adrenergic receptors and nervous activity were also investigated. @entity3 and F2 alpha (3 X 10(-8) to 3 X 10(-5) M) caused dose-dependent contraction of the strips. Pretreatment of the strips with @entity5 (10(-7) to 10(-5)M) significantly inhibited PGs-induced contraction in a dose-dependent manner, whereas NP(10(-7) to 10(-5)M) failed to suppress the contraction. Relaxation of the preparations once contracted by @entity3 and F2 alpha (3 X 10(-6)M) was induced completely by addition of @entity5 (10(-5)M), and incompletely by NP(10(-5) to 10(-3)M). Washing of the strips with @entity1 -free solution containing 0.01 mM @entity8 completely eliminated spontaneous activity and diminished basal tension, but replenishment of @entity1 (0.5 to 10 mM) to the medium caused dose-related contraction and spontaneous activity of the strips. Addition of @entity3 and F2 alpha to the @entity1 -free medium enhanced @entity1 -induced contraction and spontaneous activity during @entity1 replenishment, which were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with @entity5 (10(-7) to 10(-5)M) in a dose-dependent manner, but not affected by NP (10(-7) to 10(-5)M). In @entity1 -free medium containing 0.1 mM @entity8 , @entity3 and F2 alpha caused a slight degree of tension increase of the strips dose-dependently at the higher concentration exceeding 3 X 10(-6)M. PGI2 (10(-9) to 3 X 10(-4)M) caused dose-dependent contraction of the strips from the bladder body, base and the urethra. The contractile action of PGI2 was greatest on the bladder body, less on the base and minimal on the urethra. The effect of PGI2 was less potent than those of @entity3 and F2 alpha. The PGI2-induced contraction was slow in onset, short lasting, and not affected by pretreatment with @entity9 , @entity2 , @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity10 and tetrodotoxin. The interactions of PGI2 with @entity1 were similar to those of @entity3 and F2 alpha.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The mode of action of XXXX , F2 alpha and prostacyclin on vesicourethral smooth muscle.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Ninety-six @entity0 with severe @entity2 who received a sex-mismatched, HLA-identical allogeneic sibling marrow transplant had sequential cytogenetic analyses performed to determine the incidence and implications of posttransplant mixed hematologic chimerism. Of the 96 @entity0 , 56 (58.3%) became mixed chimeras with coexisting host and donor cells detected in peripheral blood or marrow 14 days or later after transplant, and 40 @entity0 (41.7%) were complete chimeras with 100% donor-type hematopoietic cells. The incidence of mixed chimerism was independent of prior blood production transfusions and infusion of donor buffy coat. The rejection rate was significantly increased in the mixed chimeric group, particularly in @entity0 not receiving buffy coat (14 of 36 rejecting), although overall, the majority (69.7%) retained their first graft. Rejection was seen almost exclusively in @entity0 exposed to multiple transfusions before transplantation. If @entity0 who reject their first graft are censored, the overall incidence of grades II through IV acute @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was significantly reduced in those with mixed chimerism. Transfused @entity0 with mixed chimerism in particular were less likely to develop grades II through IV acute @entity1 . The incidence of chronic @entity1 was similar in the two groups and did not significantly influence survival. In this study, mixed chimerism persisted for up to 395 days posttransplant, either the first graft being rejected or, more commonly, hematopoiesis reverting to 100% donor-type cells. Mixed lymphohematopoietic chimerism may persist in @entity0 with @entity2 who have received matched allogeneic marrow transplants for significant periods before hematopoiesis reverts to donor cell type.

title: Mixed hematologic chimerism after allogeneic marrow transplantation for severe XXXX is associated with a higher risk of graft rejection and a lessened incidence of @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Ninety-six @entity0 with severe @entity2 who received a sex-mismatched, HLA-identical allogeneic sibling marrow transplant had sequential cytogenetic analyses performed to determine the incidence and implications of posttransplant mixed hematologic chimerism. Of the 96 @entity0 , 56 (58.3%) became mixed chimeras with coexisting host and donor cells detected in peripheral blood or marrow 14 days or later after transplant, and 40 @entity0 (41.7%) were complete chimeras with 100% donor-type hematopoietic cells. The incidence of mixed chimerism was independent of prior blood production transfusions and infusion of donor buffy coat. The rejection rate was significantly increased in the mixed chimeric group, particularly in @entity0 not receiving buffy coat (14 of 36 rejecting), although overall, the majority (69.7%) retained their first graft. Rejection was seen almost exclusively in @entity0 exposed to multiple transfusions before transplantation. If @entity0 who reject their first graft are censored, the overall incidence of grades II through IV acute @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was significantly reduced in those with mixed chimerism. Transfused @entity0 with mixed chimerism in particular were less likely to develop grades II through IV acute @entity1 . The incidence of chronic @entity1 was similar in the two groups and did not significantly influence survival. In this study, mixed chimerism persisted for up to 395 days posttransplant, either the first graft being rejected or, more commonly, hematopoiesis reverting to 100% donor-type cells. Mixed lymphohematopoietic chimerism may persist in @entity0 with @entity2 who have received matched allogeneic marrow transplants for significant periods before hematopoiesis reverts to donor cell type.

title: Mixed hematologic chimerism after allogeneic marrow transplantation for severe @entity2 is associated with a higher risk of graft rejection and a lessened incidence of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Many physicians believe that the @entity11 is invariably associated with @entity4 or undiagnosed @entity6 such as @entity7 , or both. Twenty one @entity0 referred by specialist physicians with unexplained somatic symptoms and unequivocal chronic @entity12 (resting end tidal Pco2 less than or equal to 4 kPa (30 mm Hg) on repeated occasions during prolonged measurement) were investigated. All but one complained of inability to take a satisfying breath. Standard lung function test results and chest radiographs were normal in all @entity0 , but @entity2 challenge showed bronchial hyper-reactivity in two of 20 @entity0 tested, and skin tests to common allergens were positive in three of 18. Ventilation-perfusion scanning was abnormal in a further three of 15 @entity0 studied, with unmatched perfusion defects in two and isolated ventilation defects in one. None of the 21 had @entity8 , severe @entity5 , or other relevant @entity1 . Ten of the 21 @entity0 were @entity10 and suffered from chronic @entity3 disturbance characterised by @entity4 , @entity9 , and phobic symptoms. The remainder had no detectable @entity3 but reported proportionately more somatic than @entity4 . Severe hyperventilation can occur in the absence of formal @entity3 or detectable respiratory or other @entity6 . Asthma and @entity7 must be specifically excluded.

title: Respiratory and XXXX in chronic symptomatic hyperventilation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The specific transcription of a cloned @entity0 @entity6 gene and a @entity7 gene by extracts from a homologous embryonic cell line showed lag periods of about 30 min before maximum rates were reached. This lag appeared to represent the time to form an active transcription complex. Thus, when extracts were incubated with template DNA for 30 min at 22 degrees C and stored in the cold, the subsequent transcription rate was linear with time and without a lag. After ultracentrifugation of a preincubated reaction mixture on a @entity1 step gradient consisting of 20, 30, 40, and 60% shelves, about 40% of the transcription activity in the extract was found in the 40% shelf. This fraction formed almost exclusively RNA I, the unprocessed tRNA gene transcript, and transcription required only addition of @entity4 . The rate of formation of RNA by the 40% @entity1 fraction was linear against time, with no lag, and linear with the quantity of fraction. The yield of activity isolated on the gradient was directly proportional to the quantity of cloned gene in the preincubation mixture. At a limiting concentration of the gene in the preincubation mixture, the turnover number of the isolated complex was approximately 50 transcripts/gene/h. @entity3 - @entity2 gel electrophoresis of fractions containing the complex still showed many bands, although the complex activity was greatly purified compared to the extract. From the sedimentation behavior of the isolated active transcription complex and from its stability and transcriptional properties, we conclude that the 40% @entity1 fraction contains an active transcription complex containing a cloned tRNA gene, @entity5 , and the accessory protein factors required for transcription.

title: Partial purification of stable transcription complexes with cloned tRNA genes of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Accidents and their sequelae are the main cause of @entity3 in Germany among @entity0 under 40 years of age. The cost in disability payments and lost work averages  40 000 per injury. The author describes the German system for @entity1 rescue. The aims of rescue care in Germany are to reduce the interval between injury and hospital admission and to bring the @entity0 to the right hospital, bypassing smaller hospitals if necessary. Ambulance rescue systems are of two types: the stationary, in which the physician travels with the ambulance, and the rendezvous, in which the physician and ambulance, travelling separately, meet at the accident site. At the beginning of the 1970s the air-rescue system was started and now comprises 32 stations and 25 BO-105 helicopters. The Hannover experience shows that of the initial diagnoses made at the accident site by helicopter rescue service, 51.9% of victims had @entity4 , 35.5% fractures of extremities, 17.0% thoracic @entity1 , 10.2% @entity2 . Because of @entity5 or unconsciousness with danger of aspiration, 12.0% of the @entity0 had to be intubated endotracheally. One hundred and twenty-two @entity0 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity3 were successfully resuscitated at the accident scene. A study comparing the efficiency of the helicopter and ambulance systems showed that as the severity of the injuries increases, the @entity3 rate is greater in the group rescued by ambulance. Of 22 accidents involving rescue helicopters, 7 (32%) resulted in at least one @entity3 . Between 1973 and 1983, 16 doctors, pilots or attendants were killed.

title: The German model for rescue of traumatized XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In a prospective study of @entity1 in 60 consecutive allograft recipients treated with @entity3 and @entity4 routine renal biopsies at one week and one month after transplantation, as well as for all episodes of @entity1 , were performed. The one year graft survival of this group was 88%. In a retrospective clinical analysis of these @entity0 35 episodes of dysfunction due to rejection, defined by a response to antirejection treatment alone, and 30 episodes due to @entity3 nephrotoxicity, defined by a response to reduction in @entity3 dose alone, were identified. The morphological findings from these biopsies were compared with 20 samples from routine biopsies taken from @entity0 with stable renal function. All @entity0 diagnosed as having rejection had a diffuse, interstitial mononuclear cell infiltrate (32 of 35) or @entity5 (19 of 35), or both. In contrast, focal mononuclear cell infiltrates were common in both @entity0 with nephrotoxicity and those with stable function (17 of 30 and 14 of 20, respectively). There were no important differences between biopsies from those with nephrotoxicity and those with stable function, except that @entity6 was considerably more common in the nephrotoxic @entity0 than in those with stable function. Many @entity0 with stable function were, in retrospect, in a state of stable mild nephrotoxicity. In our experience rejection should only be diagnosed when there is at least a diffuse interstitial infiltrate or an @entity5 . Focal mononuclear cell infiltrates do not denote rejection. The development of @entity2 in the absence of rejection is indicative of nephrotoxicity.

title: Morphological differentiation between rejection and XXXX nephrotoxicity in renal allografts.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The subcortical nuclear groups projecting to the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) were studied in pigmented @entity0 with the aid of the retrograde horseradish peroxidase (HRP) technique. Small iontophoretic injections of HRP were placed in the medial regions of the NRTP, an area that has been shown in several species to be involved in eye movements. Other large injections in the NRTP or small injections placed just outside the nucleus were used to clarify the projections to the NRTP. Results indicate that the NRTP receives afferents from visual relay nuclei, including the nucleus of optic tract, the superior colliculus, and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus; oculomotor-associated structures including the zona incerta, the H1 and H2 fields of Forel, the nucleus subparafasciculus, the interstitial nucleus of Cajal, the @entity2 of the ventral tegmental area of Tsai, the mesencephalic, pontine, and medullary reticular formations, the nucleus of the posterior commissure, and a portion of the periaqueductal gray termed the supra-oculomotor periaqueductal gray; cerebellar and pontomedullary nuclei, including the superior, lateral, and medial vestibular nuclei, the @entity1 , and NRTP interneurons, and nuclei related to limbic functions including the lateral habenula, the mammillary nuclei, the hypothalamic nuclei, the preoptic nuclei, and the nucleus of diagonal band of Broca. A surprisingly large number of afferents to the medial regions of the NRTP arise from visual- or eye-movement-related nuclei. The projection from the nucleus of the optic tract (NOT) confirms previous anatomical and physiological studies on the pathways involved in horizontal @entity3 , but the number of NOT afferents is small in relation to other areas potentially related to visuomotor pathways such as the zona incerta, ventral lateral geniculate nucleus, fields of Forel, perirubral area, and subparafasciculus. The NRTP may also relay information related to vertical visuomotor reflexes (e.g., vertical @entity3 ) given the strong projections from the medial terminal nucleus of the accessory optic system, @entity2 , supra-oculomotor periaqueductal gray, interstitial n. of Cajal, and midbrain reticular formation. The presence of significant NRTP projections from the superior colliculus and the mesencephalic and pontine reticular formations suggests that these nuclei may provide the pathways for the noted saccade-related activity of NRTP neurons. In addition, projections from the vestibular nuclei were found that provide the anatomical basis for head velocity signals recorded in NRTP neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Anatomical studies on the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis in the pigmented XXXX . II. Subcortical afferents demonstrated by the retrograde transport of horseradish peroxidase.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In vitro studies implicate a molecular link between inflammatory mononuclear cells and alterations in fibroblast growth and function. We have extended these observations in an experimental animal model in which we document the T cell-dependence of @entity3 that occurs after activation of the cell-mediated immune system by specific antigen. @entity6 were induced in the livers of susceptible @entity1 by the intraperitoneal injection of group A streptococcal cell walls (SCW). The development of @entity5 that are composed primarily of lymphocytes and macrophages was associated with the recruitment and proliferation of connective tissue cells. Furthermore, this expanded population of fibroblasts generated a collagenous structure consisting primarily of types I and III collagen around the @entity5 . The progression of these chronic inflammatory lesions leads to the formation of fibrotic nodules throughout the livers of the treated animals. Intact @entity5 , as well as mononuclear cells derived from the @entity5 , spontaneously elaborated a soluble factor(s) that stimulates fibroblast proliferation. Physicochemical analysis revealed that the primary @entity5 -derived peak of fibroblast growth activity corresponded to an apparent Mr of 40,000, which is consistent with a previously described T lymphocyte--derived @entity10 ( @entity10 ) in @entity7 and @entity0 . Furthermore, the @entity3 that occurs in the @entity5 is apparently T cell--dependent, since no @entity2 developed in SCW-injected athymic nude @entity1 nor in SCW-injected animals treated with the T cell inhibitor, @entity4 ( @entity8 ). Mononuclear cells from neither of these functionally T cell--deficient animals could generate @entity10 activity. These data show a role for T lymphocyte--derived cytokines in the development of @entity9 in SCW-injected @entity1 .

title: Bacterial cell wall-induced hepatic granulomas. An in vivo model of T cell-dependent XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: To compare the usefulness of the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with that of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and emergency surgery after failure of decompression (ESFD) in @entity0 with malignant @entity3 (MCO), and to evaluate post-decompression histopathologic changes. METHODS: From January 2010 to June 2015, 39 @entity0 with MCO received @entity4 , @entity5 , and ESFD. We evaluated the outcomes including success rates of placement, clinical outcomes after decompression, and histopathologic findings of the resected specimens. RESULTS: Technical success rates were 100% for @entity4 and 78.9% for @entity5 . Clinical success rates were 100% for @entity4 and 80.0% for @entity5 . @entity2 was significantly less frequent after @entity4 than after @entity5 (p   =   0.014). Histopathologic @entity1 grade was significantly lower for @entity4 than for @entity5 and ESFD (p   <   0.0001). There was no significant difference between @entity1 grade and duration of decompression in the @entity5 group (p   =   0.629), while all @entity0 with @entity4 were classified in a low @entity1 grade (grade 0-2). The rate of stoma creation was significantly higher in @entity0 with a high @entity1 grade (grade 3) than in those with a low @entity1 grade (grade 0-2) (p   =   0.003). There was no microscopic perforation in any group. CONCLUSION: Significantly greater resolution of histopathologic @entity1 was achieved after placement of @entity4 than after placement of @entity5 . These findings provide an indication of favorable clinical outcomes of @entity4 in comparison with @entity5 and ESFD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Self-expanding metallic stent improves histopathologic XXXX compared with @entity5 for malignant colorectal obstruction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To compare the usefulness of the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with that of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and emergency surgery after failure of decompression (ESFD) in @entity0 with malignant @entity3 (MCO), and to evaluate post-decompression histopathologic changes. METHODS: From January 2010 to June 2015, 39 @entity0 with MCO received @entity4 , @entity5 , and ESFD. We evaluated the outcomes including success rates of placement, clinical outcomes after decompression, and histopathologic findings of the resected specimens. RESULTS: Technical success rates were 100% for @entity4 and 78.9% for @entity5 . Clinical success rates were 100% for @entity4 and 80.0% for @entity5 . @entity2 was significantly less frequent after @entity4 than after @entity5 (p   =   0.014). Histopathologic @entity1 grade was significantly lower for @entity4 than for @entity5 and ESFD (p   <   0.0001). There was no significant difference between @entity1 grade and duration of decompression in the @entity5 group (p   =   0.629), while all @entity0 with @entity4 were classified in a low @entity1 grade (grade 0-2). The rate of stoma creation was significantly higher in @entity0 with a high @entity1 grade (grade 3) than in those with a low @entity1 grade (grade 0-2) (p   =   0.003). There was no microscopic perforation in any group. CONCLUSION: Significantly greater resolution of histopathologic @entity1 was achieved after placement of @entity4 than after placement of @entity5 . These findings provide an indication of favorable clinical outcomes of @entity4 in comparison with @entity5 and ESFD. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Self-expanding metallic stent improves histopathologic @entity1 compared with XXXX for malignant colorectal obstruction.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the application of BIOMED- 2 standardized immunoglobulin    Ig   gene rearrangement system in the diagnosis of @entity1   MM   , and the significance of clonality analysis by multiplex-PCR amplifications. METHODS: A total of 167 cases of MM bone marrow samples from 2009 to 2013, and 20 cases of reactive plasmacytosis used as the controls were included in this study. Multiplex-PCR amplifications were performed and the Ig gene rearrangements were analyzed using BIOMED-2 standardized clonality analysis system. RESULTS:  -  Of 167 MM cases, 107 showed @entity2 VH-JH rearrangement, 33 showed @entity2 DH-JH rearrangement, and 30% showed @entity2 DH-JH rearrangement in 60 @entity2 VH-JH rearrangement negative MM cases. The difference was statistically significant between @entity2 VH-JH rearrangement positive and negative cases   14.0% vs 30.0%, P=0.032   . The total positive rate of @entity2 VH-JH, @entity2 DH-JH and @entity0 was 94.6%. The 20 reactive plasmacytosis   RP   cases showed negative Ig gene rearrangement.  - Of 167 MM cases, 9   5.4%   showed clonal @entity2 rearrangement by agarose electrophoresis were confirmed as polyclonality by capillary electrophoresis.  -  Of 53 MM cases who have been detected by Ig gene rearrangement system and fluorescence in situ hybridization   FISH   for @entity2 simultaneously, 36 showed @entity2 rearrangement, 26 showed FISH @entity2 positive, and the difference was statistically significant    67.9% vs 49.1%, P=0.049   . CONCLUSION: Combined detection of @entity2 VH- JH, @entity2 DH- JH and @entity0 could improve the positive rate of MM clonality dramatically, and measurement of @entity2 DH-JH rearrangement was more important in the @entity2 VH- JH negative cases. Ig gene rearrangement system was a faster and more sensitive method than FISH @entity2 . Application of BIOMED- 2 standardized immunoglobulin    Ig    gene rearrangement system is of significance for MM diagnosis.

title: [Application of BIOMED- 2 standardized Ig gene rearrangement system in XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Alveologenesis is the final step of lung maturation, which subdivides the alveolar region of the lung into smaller units called alveoli. Each of the nascent dividers serves as a new gas-exchange surface, and collectively they drastically increase the surface area for breathing. Disruption of alveologenesis results in simplification of alveoli, as is seen in premature @entity0 diagnosed with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), a prevalent @entity2 that is often associated with lifelong @entity4 . To date, a majority of studies of alveologenesis rely on two-dimensional (2D) analysis of tissue sections. Given that an overarching theme of alveologenesis is thinning and extension of the epithelium and mesenchyme to facilitate gas exchange, often only a small portion of a cell or a cellular structure is represented in a single 2D plane. Here, we use a three-dimensional (3D) approach to examine the structural architecture and cellular composition of myofibroblasts, alveolar type 2 cells, @entity8 and lipid droplets in normal as well as @entity5 -like @entity1 lung. We found that 2D finger-like septal crests, commonly used to depict growing alveolar septae, are often artifacts of sectioning through fully established alveolar walls. Instead, a more accurate representation of growing septae are 3D ridges that are lined by platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 )-expressing myofibroblasts, as well as the @entity8 fibers that they produce. Accordingly in 3D, both @entity6 and @entity8 were each found in connected networks underlying the 3D septal ridges rather than as isolated dots at the tip of 2D septal crests. Analysis through representative stages of alveologenesis revealed unappreciated dynamic changes in these patterns. @entity7 -expressing cells are only @entity6 -positive during the first phase of alveologenesis, but not in the second phase, suggesting that the two phases of septae formation may be driven by distinct mechanisms. Thin @entity8 fibers are already present in the alveolar region prior to alveologenesis, suggesting that during alveologenesis, there is not only new @entity8 deposition, but also extensive remodeling to transform thin and uniformly distributed fibers into thick cables that rim the nascent septae. Analysis of several genetic as well as @entity3 -induced models of @entity5 revealed that the myofibroblast organization is perturbed in all, regardless of whether the origin of defect is epithelial, mesenchymal, endothelial or environmental. Finally, analysis of relative position of @entity7 -positive cells and alveolar type 2 cells reveal that during alveologenesis, these two cell types are not always adjacent to one another. This result suggests that the niche and progenitor relationship afforded by their close juxtaposition in the adult lung may be a later acquired property. These insights revealed by 3D reconstruction of the septae set the foundation for future investigations of the mechanisms driving normal alveologenesis, as well as causes of alveolar simplification in @entity5 .

title: A three-dimensional study of alveologenesis in XXXX lung.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: T(H)17 cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and @entity1 . Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), a therapeutic preparation of polyclonal IgG that is increasingly used in the treatment of diverse autoimmune and @entity1 , might target T(H)17 cells to exert therapeutic effects. OBJECTIVE: We sought to examine whether IVIg interferes with the development and function of @entity0 T(H)17 cells. METHODS: T(H)17 cells were differentiated from naive @entity0 @entity2 (+) T cells in the presence of @entity6 and @entity10 . T(H)17 cells were amplified by stimulating memory @entity2 (+) T cells in the presence of @entity4 and @entity3 . The effect of IVIg was examined on the differentiation and amplification of T(H)17 cells, expression of the T(H)17 lineage-specific transcription factor @entity5 -related orphan receptor C, secretion of T(H)17 effector cytokines, and phosphorylation of @entity7 , a transcription factor that plays an important role in T(H)17 cell development and function. RESULTS: IVIg inhibits the differentiation and amplification of @entity0 T(H)17 cells, as well as the production of their effector cytokines @entity8 , @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity11 . The inhibitory effects of IVIg on T(H)17 cells are F(ab')(2) dependent and involve interference with the expression of @entity5 -related orphan receptor C and activation of @entity7 . Also, IVIg significantly enhanced forkhead box protein 3-positive regulatory T cells among the memory @entity2 (+) T cells. CONCLUSION: These results reveal a novel mechanism of action of IVIg in achieving a therapeutic effect in autoimmune and @entity1 , in which T(H)17 cells play a key modulatory role in sustaining the chronic inflammatory response. Our results also suggest a reciprocal regulation of T(H)17 and regulatory T-cell populations by IVIg.

title: Inhibition of differentiation, amplification, and function of XXXX TH17 cells by intravenous immunoglobulin.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a T-cell-mediated skin inflammatory reaction to cutaneous exposure to small sensitizing chemicals, haptens. Majority of @entity2 studies were conducted in @entity0 and there is paucity of data in other experimental animals. In the present study, characteristics of contact @entity2 reaction to @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were determined in Th1-prone Dark Agouti (DA) @entity1 by evaluating sensitization phase as a function of time-dependent changes in draining lymph nodes (DLN). Apart from basic indices of DLN activity (cellularity and proliferation), the production of cytokines relevant for @entity2 induction, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), interferon-y (IFN-y), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was analyzed. Anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity7 ( @entity7 ) production by DLN cells was determined as well. Highest production of @entity3 , IFN-y and @entity5 in sensitized animals was observed at day 3 after @entity4 application, with a decrease at day 5. Increased messages for IFN-y and @entity5 were noted at this time point. In contrast to inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was undetectable during the entire sensitization phase. Differential pattern ( @entity3 and IFN-y) and level (IFN-y and @entity5 ) of inflammatory cytokine production was noted in sensitized Th2-prone Albino Oxford (AO) @entity1 . Similarly to DA @entity1 , no changes in @entity6 were noted in AO @entity1 -dependent differences in inflammatory cytokine production seem to be based on anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Production of IFN-y concomitantly with undetectable @entity6 in both strains classify @entity1 @entity2 to @entity4 as Th1/type 1 reaction. Detection of @entity5 in sensitized DLN cells points to the involvement of T( @entity5 ) cells in @entity1 contact @entity2 .

title: Contact XXXX response to @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity1 : insight from sensitization phase.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a T-cell-mediated skin inflammatory reaction to cutaneous exposure to small sensitizing chemicals, haptens. Majority of @entity2 studies were conducted in @entity0 and there is paucity of data in other experimental animals. In the present study, characteristics of contact @entity2 reaction to @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were determined in Th1-prone Dark Agouti (DA) @entity1 by evaluating sensitization phase as a function of time-dependent changes in draining lymph nodes (DLN). Apart from basic indices of DLN activity (cellularity and proliferation), the production of cytokines relevant for @entity2 induction, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), interferon-y (IFN-y), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was analyzed. Anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity7 ( @entity7 ) production by DLN cells was determined as well. Highest production of @entity3 , IFN-y and @entity5 in sensitized animals was observed at day 3 after @entity4 application, with a decrease at day 5. Increased messages for IFN-y and @entity5 were noted at this time point. In contrast to inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was undetectable during the entire sensitization phase. Differential pattern ( @entity3 and IFN-y) and level (IFN-y and @entity5 ) of inflammatory cytokine production was noted in sensitized Th2-prone Albino Oxford (AO) @entity1 . Similarly to DA @entity1 , no changes in @entity6 were noted in AO @entity1 -dependent differences in inflammatory cytokine production seem to be based on anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Production of IFN-y concomitantly with undetectable @entity6 in both strains classify @entity1 @entity2 to @entity4 as Th1/type 1 reaction. Detection of @entity5 in sensitized DLN cells points to the involvement of T( @entity5 ) cells in @entity1 contact @entity2 .

title: Contact @entity2 response to XXXX ( @entity4 ) in @entity1 : insight from sensitization phase.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a T-cell-mediated skin inflammatory reaction to cutaneous exposure to small sensitizing chemicals, haptens. Majority of @entity2 studies were conducted in @entity0 and there is paucity of data in other experimental animals. In the present study, characteristics of contact @entity2 reaction to @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were determined in Th1-prone Dark Agouti (DA) @entity1 by evaluating sensitization phase as a function of time-dependent changes in draining lymph nodes (DLN). Apart from basic indices of DLN activity (cellularity and proliferation), the production of cytokines relevant for @entity2 induction, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), interferon-y (IFN-y), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was analyzed. Anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity7 ( @entity7 ) production by DLN cells was determined as well. Highest production of @entity3 , IFN-y and @entity5 in sensitized animals was observed at day 3 after @entity4 application, with a decrease at day 5. Increased messages for IFN-y and @entity5 were noted at this time point. In contrast to inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was undetectable during the entire sensitization phase. Differential pattern ( @entity3 and IFN-y) and level (IFN-y and @entity5 ) of inflammatory cytokine production was noted in sensitized Th2-prone Albino Oxford (AO) @entity1 . Similarly to DA @entity1 , no changes in @entity6 were noted in AO @entity1 -dependent differences in inflammatory cytokine production seem to be based on anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Production of IFN-y concomitantly with undetectable @entity6 in both strains classify @entity1 @entity2 to @entity4 as Th1/type 1 reaction. Detection of @entity5 in sensitized DLN cells points to the involvement of T( @entity5 ) cells in @entity1 contact @entity2 .

title: Contact @entity2 response to @entity4 ( XXXX ) in @entity1 : insight from sensitization phase.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a T-cell-mediated skin inflammatory reaction to cutaneous exposure to small sensitizing chemicals, haptens. Majority of @entity2 studies were conducted in @entity0 and there is paucity of data in other experimental animals. In the present study, characteristics of contact @entity2 reaction to @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were determined in Th1-prone Dark Agouti (DA) @entity1 by evaluating sensitization phase as a function of time-dependent changes in draining lymph nodes (DLN). Apart from basic indices of DLN activity (cellularity and proliferation), the production of cytokines relevant for @entity2 induction, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), interferon-y (IFN-y), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was analyzed. Anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity7 ( @entity7 ) production by DLN cells was determined as well. Highest production of @entity3 , IFN-y and @entity5 in sensitized animals was observed at day 3 after @entity4 application, with a decrease at day 5. Increased messages for IFN-y and @entity5 were noted at this time point. In contrast to inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was undetectable during the entire sensitization phase. Differential pattern ( @entity3 and IFN-y) and level (IFN-y and @entity5 ) of inflammatory cytokine production was noted in sensitized Th2-prone Albino Oxford (AO) @entity1 . Similarly to DA @entity1 , no changes in @entity6 were noted in AO @entity1 -dependent differences in inflammatory cytokine production seem to be based on anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Production of IFN-y concomitantly with undetectable @entity6 in both strains classify @entity1 @entity2 to @entity4 as Th1/type 1 reaction. Detection of @entity5 in sensitized DLN cells points to the involvement of T( @entity5 ) cells in @entity1 contact @entity2 .

title: Contact @entity2 response to @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in XXXX : insight from sensitization phase.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has been reported to be an important risk factor for @entity5 . @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is closely related with @entity2 ; however, its association with @entity4 had not been reported. The aim of the study was to investigate whether @entity4 is a risk factor for @entity8 , including @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and branch @entity8 (BRVO). This population-based study is based on the longitudinal data from Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The study cohort comprised 5344 @entity0 with diagnosis of @entity4 on hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis during the period from January 1996 to December 2011. For each @entity4 @entity0 , we selected 20 non- @entity4 @entity0 matched on age and sex. Each @entity4 @entity0 and his/her controls were followed from the initiation of renal dialysis until either the diagnosis of @entity8 or censorship. Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare the hazard of @entity8 between cohorts. Stratified Cox proportional hazard models were applied to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) adjusted by the comorbidities of @entity8 including @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity7 . After stratifying by @entity1 status, the statistics were applied again to examine the associations among the @entity1 cohort and non- @entity1 cohort.The 16-year @entity8 cumulative incidence for @entity4 cohort was 2-fold to the non- @entity4 (1.01% vs 0.46%). After matching with age, sex, @entity3 , and @entity6 , the adjusted HR was 1.46 (95% confidence interval=1.07-2.01, P value=0.018). By further excluding @entity0 with @entity1 , the adjusted HR escalated to 2.43 (95% confidence interval=1.54-3.83, P<0.001). In contrast, there was no significant risk of @entity4 on @entity8 in the @entity1 @entity0 (HR=1.03). We conclude that among the non- @entity1 @entity0 , @entity4 cases had significantly higher @entity8 rate than the non- @entity4 , which indicates that @entity4 maybe a potential risk factor for the development of @entity8 in nondiabetic @entity0 .

title: End Stage Renal Disease as a Potential Risk Factor for XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Cytokinins (CKs) are plant hormones affecting numerous developmental processes. @entity4 and its derivatives are the most important group of @entity2 CKs. Zeatin occurs as two isomers: while @entity3 (transZ) was found to be a bioactive substance, @entity5 (cisZ) was reported to have a weak biological impact. Even though cisZ derivatives are abundant in various plant materials their biological role is still unknown. The comprehensive screen of land plants presented here suggests that cisZ-type CKs occur ubiquitously in the plant kingdom but their abundance might correlate with a strategy of life rather than with evolutionary complexity. Changing levels of transZ and cisZ during @entity1 ontogenesis show that levels of the two zeatin isomers can differ significantly during the life span of the plant, with cisZ-type CKs prevalent in the developmental stages associated with limited growth. A survey of the bioassays employed illustrates mild activity of cisZ and its derivatives. No cis   trans isomerization, which would account for the effects of cisZ, was observed in @entity0 cells and oat leaves. Differences in uptake between the two isomers resulting in distinct bioactivity have not been detected. In contrast, cisZ and transZ have a different metabolic fate in oat and @entity0 . Analysis of a CK-degrading enzyme, cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase (CKX), reveals that @entity1 possesses two isoforms, @entity6 expressed in stages of active growth, and @entity7 , both of which have the highest affinity for the cisZ isomer. Based on the present results, the conceivable function of cisZ-type CKs as delicate regulators of CK responses in plants under growth-limiting conditions is hypothesized.

title: Distribution, biological activities, metabolism, and the conceivable function of XXXX -type cytokinins in plants.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 and @entity5 are clinically and genetically heterogeneous and often overlapping @entity1 . Mutations in @entity6 cause the @entity5 ( @entity6 ), but recent studies indicate that they are also one of the most common causes of @entity4 . In Quebec, a significant number of @entity0 affected with @entity4 and @entity2 remain without a molecular diagnosis. We performed whole-exome sequencing in three @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity0 affected with @entity7 and uncovered compound heterozygous variants in @entity6 in all three. Sanger sequencing of @entity6 exons and exon/intron boundaries was used to screen additional @entity0 . In total, we identified recessive variants in @entity6 in 22 @entity8 @entity0 belonging to 12 families (38.7% of the families screened), including two novel variants. The @entity9 variant was the most common in our cohort. Cerebellar features, including ataxia, were more pronounced than @entity2 in this cohort. These results strongly suggest that variants affecting the function of @entity6 are the fourth most common form of @entity3 in @entity8 @entity0 . Thus, we propose that @entity6 mutations explain a significant proportion of @entity8 @entity7 cases and that this gene should be considered in unresolved @entity0 .European Journal of @entity0 Genetics advance online publication, 2 December 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.240.

title: @entity6 mutations explain a significant proportion of XXXX @entity7 cases.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 and @entity5 are clinically and genetically heterogeneous and often overlapping @entity1 . Mutations in @entity6 cause the @entity5 ( @entity6 ), but recent studies indicate that they are also one of the most common causes of @entity4 . In Quebec, a significant number of @entity0 affected with @entity4 and @entity2 remain without a molecular diagnosis. We performed whole-exome sequencing in three @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity0 affected with @entity7 and uncovered compound heterozygous variants in @entity6 in all three. Sanger sequencing of @entity6 exons and exon/intron boundaries was used to screen additional @entity0 . In total, we identified recessive variants in @entity6 in 22 @entity8 @entity0 belonging to 12 families (38.7% of the families screened), including two novel variants. The @entity9 variant was the most common in our cohort. Cerebellar features, including ataxia, were more pronounced than @entity2 in this cohort. These results strongly suggest that variants affecting the function of @entity6 are the fourth most common form of @entity3 in @entity8 @entity0 . Thus, we propose that @entity6 mutations explain a significant proportion of @entity8 @entity7 cases and that this gene should be considered in unresolved @entity0 .European Journal of @entity0 Genetics advance online publication, 2 December 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.240.

title: @entity6 mutations explain a significant proportion of @entity8 XXXX cases.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 and @entity5 are clinically and genetically heterogeneous and often overlapping @entity1 . Mutations in @entity6 cause the @entity5 ( @entity6 ), but recent studies indicate that they are also one of the most common causes of @entity4 . In Quebec, a significant number of @entity0 affected with @entity4 and @entity2 remain without a molecular diagnosis. We performed whole-exome sequencing in three @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity0 affected with @entity7 and uncovered compound heterozygous variants in @entity6 in all three. Sanger sequencing of @entity6 exons and exon/intron boundaries was used to screen additional @entity0 . In total, we identified recessive variants in @entity6 in 22 @entity8 @entity0 belonging to 12 families (38.7% of the families screened), including two novel variants. The @entity9 variant was the most common in our cohort. Cerebellar features, including ataxia, were more pronounced than @entity2 in this cohort. These results strongly suggest that variants affecting the function of @entity6 are the fourth most common form of @entity3 in @entity8 @entity0 . Thus, we propose that @entity6 mutations explain a significant proportion of @entity8 @entity7 cases and that this gene should be considered in unresolved @entity0 .European Journal of @entity0 Genetics advance online publication, 2 December 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.240.

title: XXXX mutations explain a significant proportion of @entity8 @entity7 cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is a troublesome nonmotor symptom of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). This double-blind exploratory pilot study (NCT01744496) was the first to specifically investigate the effect of a @entity3 agonist on @entity2 -associated @entity1 as primary outcome. @entity0 with @entity2 (ie, receiving @entity5 ) and at least moderate @entity2 -associated @entity4 (>= 3 months, >= 4 points on 11-point @entity1 scale) were randomized to @entity6 (optimal/maximum dose  <=16 mg/24h) or placebo, and maintained for 12 weeks. Primary efficacy variable: change in @entity1 severity ( @entity1 scale) from baseline to end of maintenance. Secondary variables included percentage of responders (>= 2-point @entity1 scale reduction), King's @entity2 @entity1 Scale (KPPS) domains, and @entity2 Questionnaire (PDQ-8). Statistical analyses were exploratory. Of 68 randomized @entity0 , 60 ( @entity6 , 30; placebo, 30) were evaluable for efficacy. A numerical improvement in @entity1 was observed in favor of @entity6 ( @entity1 scale: least-squares mean [95%CI] treatment difference, -0.76 [-1.87 to 0.34]; P = .172), and proportion of responders was 18/30 (60%) @entity6 versus 14/30 (47%) placebo. An    2-fold numerical improvement in KPPS domain "fluctuation-related @entity1 " was observed with @entity6 versus placebo. @entity6 improved PDQ-8 versus placebo (-8.01 [-15.56 to -0.46]; P = .038). These results suggest @entity6 may improve @entity2 -associated @entity1 ; a large-scale confirmatory study is needed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: A Randomized Controlled Exploratory Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of @entity6 Transdermal Patch on @entity2 -Associated XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is a troublesome nonmotor symptom of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). This double-blind exploratory pilot study (NCT01744496) was the first to specifically investigate the effect of a @entity3 agonist on @entity2 -associated @entity1 as primary outcome. @entity0 with @entity2 (ie, receiving @entity5 ) and at least moderate @entity2 -associated @entity4 (>= 3 months, >= 4 points on 11-point @entity1 scale) were randomized to @entity6 (optimal/maximum dose  <=16 mg/24h) or placebo, and maintained for 12 weeks. Primary efficacy variable: change in @entity1 severity ( @entity1 scale) from baseline to end of maintenance. Secondary variables included percentage of responders (>= 2-point @entity1 scale reduction), King's @entity2 @entity1 Scale (KPPS) domains, and @entity2 Questionnaire (PDQ-8). Statistical analyses were exploratory. Of 68 randomized @entity0 , 60 ( @entity6 , 30; placebo, 30) were evaluable for efficacy. A numerical improvement in @entity1 was observed in favor of @entity6 ( @entity1 scale: least-squares mean [95%CI] treatment difference, -0.76 [-1.87 to 0.34]; P = .172), and proportion of responders was 18/30 (60%) @entity6 versus 14/30 (47%) placebo. An    2-fold numerical improvement in KPPS domain "fluctuation-related @entity1 " was observed with @entity6 versus placebo. @entity6 improved PDQ-8 versus placebo (-8.01 [-15.56 to -0.46]; P = .038). These results suggest @entity6 may improve @entity2 -associated @entity1 ; a large-scale confirmatory study is needed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: A Randomized Controlled Exploratory Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of @entity6 Transdermal Patch on XXXX -Associated @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is a troublesome nonmotor symptom of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). This double-blind exploratory pilot study (NCT01744496) was the first to specifically investigate the effect of a @entity3 agonist on @entity2 -associated @entity1 as primary outcome. @entity0 with @entity2 (ie, receiving @entity5 ) and at least moderate @entity2 -associated @entity4 (>= 3 months, >= 4 points on 11-point @entity1 scale) were randomized to @entity6 (optimal/maximum dose  <=16 mg/24h) or placebo, and maintained for 12 weeks. Primary efficacy variable: change in @entity1 severity ( @entity1 scale) from baseline to end of maintenance. Secondary variables included percentage of responders (>= 2-point @entity1 scale reduction), King's @entity2 @entity1 Scale (KPPS) domains, and @entity2 Questionnaire (PDQ-8). Statistical analyses were exploratory. Of 68 randomized @entity0 , 60 ( @entity6 , 30; placebo, 30) were evaluable for efficacy. A numerical improvement in @entity1 was observed in favor of @entity6 ( @entity1 scale: least-squares mean [95%CI] treatment difference, -0.76 [-1.87 to 0.34]; P = .172), and proportion of responders was 18/30 (60%) @entity6 versus 14/30 (47%) placebo. An    2-fold numerical improvement in KPPS domain "fluctuation-related @entity1 " was observed with @entity6 versus placebo. @entity6 improved PDQ-8 versus placebo (-8.01 [-15.56 to -0.46]; P = .038). These results suggest @entity6 may improve @entity2 -associated @entity1 ; a large-scale confirmatory study is needed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: A Randomized Controlled Exploratory Pilot Study to Evaluate the Effect of XXXX Transdermal Patch on @entity2 -Associated @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Reinforcement and error-based processes are essential for motor learning, with the cerebellum thought to be required only for the error-based mechanism. Here we examined learning and retention of a reaching skill under both processes. Control subjects learned similarly from reinforcement and error-based feedback, but showed much better retention under reinforcement. To apply reinforcement to cerebellar @entity0 , we developed a closed-loop reinforcement schedule in which task difficulty was controlled based on recent performance. This schedule produced substantial learning in cerebellar @entity0 and controls. Cerebellar @entity0 varied in their learning under reinforcement but fully retained what was learned. In contrast, they showed complete lack of retention in error-based learning. We developed a mechanistic model of the reinforcement task and found that learning depended on a balance between exploration variability and motor noise. While the cerebellar and control groups had similar exploration variability, the @entity0 had greater motor noise and hence learned less. Our results suggest that @entity1 indirectly impairs reinforcement learning by increasing motor noise, but does not interfere with the reinforcement mechanism itself. Therefore, reinforcement can be used to learn and retain novel skills, but optimal reinforcement learning requires a balance between exploration variability and motor noise.

title: Effective reinforcement learning XXXX requires a balance between exploration and motor noise.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 8325-4 was shown to produce alpha-, beta-, delta- and gamma-haemolysins by haemolytic assays and immunoblotting. Hybridization experiments indicated that a single copy of the alpha-haemolysin gene (hla) resides in the chromosome. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to inactivate the hla gene. This gene, which had previously been cloned in @entity2 , was inactivated in vitro by inserting a fragment carrying an @entity4 resistance marker. Shuttle plasmids were constructed and transformed into 8325-4 and non-haemolytic recombinants enriched by a plasmid incompatibility technique. A previously isolated Tn551 insertion defective in alpha-haemolysin was not located in hla. It had pleiotropic defects in expression of alpha-, beta- and delta-haemolysins. Expression of alpha-haemolysin from a plasmid-located hla gene was very low. In contrast, hla-erm mutants were deficient only in alpha-haemolysin and allowed high level expression of the plasmid-borne hla gene. The Tn551 insertion is probably located in a gene encoding a positive regulatory element required for expression of several exoproteins. An hla-erm mutant was less virulent than the otherwise isogenic 8325-4 hla+ strain in a @entity0 @entity1 model, confirming that alpha-haemolysin is an important virulence factor.

title: Inactivation of the alpha-haemolysin gene of XXXX 8325-4 by site-directed mutagenesis and studies on the expression of its haemolysins.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A 30 year old @entity0 admitted with a brain stem @entity3 presented with intellectual deterioration. A diagnosis of @entity6 (S.L.E.) was based on the presence of five A.R.A. criteria :photosensitivity, @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity2 , false positive syphilitic serology, antinuclear factors on immunofluorescence. A lupus type circulating anticoagulant (L.C.A.) was no longer detected after corticotherapy. This appears to be a case of the "hematologic" form of S.L.E. in which the presence of L.C.A. predisposes towards @entity1 , not only of veins--which is typical--but also of arteries. These may be isolated and reveal the underlying disease as in the present case. The L.C.A. is an antibody possessing antiphospholipid specificity which explains the anticoagulant action in vitro and the thrombogenic effect in vivo. Some authors consider this to be sufficient justification for administration of anticoagulants and/or antiplatelet agents, but corticotherapy may be effective.

title: [Brain stem XXXX , systemic lupus erythematosus and circulating lupus anticoagulant].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Concealing emotions at work can cause considerable psychological stress. While there is extensive research on the adverse health effects of concealing emotions and the association between @entity1 and stress, research has not yet investigated whether concealing emotions at work is associated with @entity3 . @entity3 is a common disease in many industrialized countries, and its prevalence is increasing. Thus, our aim was to determine the strength of this association using data from three years (2007-2009) of the 4th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. @entity0 (aged 20-64) were 8,345 individuals who were economically active and who had completed the questionnaire items on concealing emotions at work. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated for @entity3 using logistic regression models. Among all @entity0 , 3,140 subjects (37.6%) reported concealing their emotions at work: 1,661 @entity0 and 1,479 @entity0 . The OR (95% CIs) for @entity3 among those who concealed emotions at work versus those who did not was 1.318 (1.148-1.512). Stratified by sex, the OR (95% CIs) was 1.307 (1.078-1.585) among @entity0 and 1.346 (1.105-1.639) among @entity0 . Thus, individuals who concealed their emotions at work were significantly more likely to have a diagnosis of @entity2 in comparison to those who did not. Because concealing emotions at work has adverse health effects, labor policies that aim to reduce this practice are needed.

title: Concealing Emotions at Work Is Associated with XXXX in Korea.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare rebleeding rates following treatment of @entity1 with TIPS alone versus TIPS with variceal embolization in the covered stent-graft era. METHODS: In this retrospective study, 52 @entity0 (M:F 29:23, median age 52  years) with @entity2 and @entity1 underwent TIPS insertion between 2003 and 2008. Median @entity0 -Pugh and MELD scores were 8.5 and 13.5. Generally, 10-mm diameter TIPS were created using covered stent-grafts (Viatorr; W.L. Gore and Associates, Flagstaff, AZ). A total of 37 @entity0 underwent TIPS alone, while 15 @entity0 underwent TIPS with variceal embolization. The rates of rebleeding and survival were compared. RESULTS: All TIPS were technically successful. Median portosystemic pressure gradient reductions were 13 versus 11  mmHg in the embolization and non-embolization groups. There were no statistically significant differences in @entity0 -Pugh and MELD score, or portosystemic pressure gradients between each group. A trend toward increased rebleeding was present in the non-embolization group, where 8/37 (21.6%) @entity0 rebled while 1/15 (6.7%) @entity0 in the TIPS with embolization group rebled (P  =  0.159) during median follow-up periods of 199 and 252  days (P  =  0.374). Rebleeding approached statistical significance among @entity0 with @entity1 , where 8/32 (25%) versus 0/14 (0%) rebled in the non-embolization and embolization groups (P  =  0.055). A trend toward increased bleeding-related mortality was seen in the non-embolization group (P  =  0.120). CONCLUSIONS: TIPS alone showed a high incidence of rebleeding in this series, whereas TIPS with variceal embolization resulted in reduced recurrent @entity1 . The efficacy of embolization during TIPS performed for @entity1 versus TIPS alone should be further compared with larger prospective randomized trials.

title: Rebleeding rates following TIPS for XXXX in the Viatorr era: TIPS alone versus TIPS with variceal embolization.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a distinct clinical syndrome that is characterized by the acute onset of shoulder and arm @entity1 , @entity2 , and sensory loss. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics of @entity4 and to determine appropriate diagnostic modalities. METHODS: We reviewed the medical and radiologic records of 10 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity4 retrospectively. Neurophysiologic studies were performed in all @entity0 and magnetic resonance neurography was performed in the last three @entity0 . RESULTS: A total of 10 @entity0 were enrolled in our study. All @entity0 had clinical findings compatible with @entity4 . The most common clinical presentation was severe shoulder @entity1 and @entity2 in seven @entity0 (70%). Neurophysiologic study results were abnormal in all @entity0 . Brachial plexus magnetic resonance neurography showed that the affected brachial plexus showed a thickened and hyper-intense trunk. All @entity0 were managed conservatively with analgesics and physical therapy. The @entity1 and @entity3 of all @entity0 improved clinically within 6 months of the initiation of treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity4 is a rare disease but the symptoms of @entity4 can mimic those of other diseases. Neurophysiologic studies and magnetic resonance neurography are extremely useful tools for the diagnosis of @entity4 .

title: Neuroradiologic and neurophysiologic findings of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Expression of the Down syndrome critical region 1 ( @entity9 ) protein, an inhibitor of the @entity2 -dependent phosphatase @entity8 , is elevated in the brains of @entity0 with Down syndrome (DS) or @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Although increased levels of @entity9 were often observed to be deleterious to neuronal health, its beneficial effects against @entity3 neuropathology also have been reported, and the roles of @entity9 on the pathogenesis of @entity3 remain controversial. Here, we investigated the role of sarah ( @entity10 )/nebula, a @entity5 @entity9 ortholog, in amyloid-b42 (Ab42)-induced neurological phenotypes in @entity5 . We detected @entity10 expression in the mushroom bodies of the @entity5 brain, which are a center for learning and memory in flies. Moreover, similar to @entity0 with @entity3 , Ab42-expressing flies showed increased @entity10 levels in the brain, demonstrating that the expression pattern of @entity9 with regard to @entity3 pathogenesis is conserved in @entity5 . Interestingly, overexpression of @entity10 using the UAS-GAL4 system exacerbated the rough eye phenotype, decreased survival rates, and increased neuronal cell death in Ab42-expressing flies without modulating Ab42 expression. Moreover, neuronal overexpression of @entity10 in combination with Ab42 dramatically reduced both locomotor activity and the adult lifespan of Ab42-expressing flies, while flies with overexpression of @entity10 alone showed normal climbing ability albeit with a slightly reduced lifespan. Similarly, treatment with chemical inhibitors of @entity8 such as @entity7 and @entity4 , or knockdown of @entity8 expression by RNAi, exacerbated the Ab42-induced rough eye phenotype. Furthermore, @entity10 -overexpressing flies displayed significantly decreased mitochondrial DNA and @entity6 levels, as well as increased susceptibility to oxidative stress compared to that of control flies. Taken together, our results demonstrating that @entity10 overexpression augments Ab42 @entity1 in @entity5 suggest that @entity9 up-regulation or @entity8 down-regulation in the brain may exacerbate Ab42-associated neuropathogenesis in @entity3 or DS.

title: The XXXX inhibitor, Sarah/Nebula, exacerbates Ab42 phenotypes in a @entity5 model of @entity3 .

answer: @entity8