abstract: 1. The hypothesis tested in this study is that @entity6 depletes sarcoplasmic reticulum (s.r.) @entity1 loading in suspensions of single adult @entity0 cardiac myocytes by effecting @entity1 release into the myoplasm resulting in an increase in myoplasmic free [ @entity1 ] ([ @entity1 ]i). The latter was monitored by the fluorescent dye, @entity5 . 2. The competency of the technique to detect s.r. @entity1 release was tested by using @entity4 to induce @entity1 release. The addition of 5-10 mM- @entity4 to myocytes loaded with @entity5 and incubated in a medium containing 1 mM- @entity1 gives a large, transient increase in fluorescence, which is interpreted as indicating an increase in [ @entity1 ]i. If the chelating agent @entity3 is added to the cell suspension 1-5 min prior to the @entity4 , to a concentration sufficient to decrease extracellular @entity1 to 0.1-0.15 microM, then @entity4 again gives a large, transient increase in fluorescence, indicative of the fact that sarcolemmal @entity1 transport is not necessary for this response. The ionophore @entity2 also raises [ @entity1 ]i in a transient manner when added after EGTA. The addition of @entity4 prior to @entity2 largely diminishes the response to the latter; however, addition of @entity2 prior to @entity4 totally abolishes its effect to increase [ @entity1 ]i. This is taken to indicate that the intracellular store which is releasable by @entity4 --and which presumably reflects the s.r.--is also releasable by @entity2 : @entity2 , however, also gives access to another, minor intracellular pool. 3. The plant alkaloid, @entity6 , at concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-6) M, consistently causes a slow and prolonged increase in [ @entity1 ]i when added to cell suspensions incubated with 1 mM-extracellular @entity1 . Under conditions precluding net entry of @entity1 into the cell, viz. 0.1 microM-extracellular @entity1 , @entity6 causes a more limited, partially reversible, increase in [ @entity1 ]i. 4. When added prior to EGTA, @entity6 attenuates, or prevents, the subsequent response to @entity4 : efficacy depends upon the time of pre-incubation (1-10 min) and the concentration of @entity6 (10(-8) to 10(-6) M). When the response to @entity4 is largely prevented by @entity6 , the response to @entity2 is also severely attenuated, i.e. there is no evidence that @entity6 causes sequestration of @entity1 within an @entity2 -sensitive pool.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity6 releases calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum in calcium-tolerant XXXX cardiac myocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Platypnea-orthodeoxia is a relatively uncommon but striking clinical syndrome characterized by @entity6 and deoxygenation accompanying a change to sitting or standing from a recumbent position. @entity2 early after lung transplant can have multiple etiologies. We report a rare case of persistent @entity2 and platypnea-orthodeoxia after left single-lung transplantation, as a result of right-to-left interatrial shunt through a @entity9 , with subsequent resolution of @entity2 after percutaneous closure of the @entity9 . CASE PRESENTATION: Our 66-year-old Caucasian male @entity0 exhibited a persistent @entity9 . Persistent @entity9 produces an intermittent intra-atrial right-to-left shunt and occurs in approximately 25 % of the general population. Although the majority of @entity0 with @entity9 are asymptomatic, it is believed to act as a pathway for chemicals or thrombi that can result in a variety of clinical manifestations, including @entity1 , @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity8 , and @entity3 . Percutaneous closure of the @entity9 has been shown to be effective in the case of right-to-left shunting with normal pulmonary arterial pressure, but the indication remains controversial in other situations where pulmonary pressures are not normal. The most common causes of @entity2 immediately after lung transplant include: @entity4 , reperfusion injury, acute @entity5 , and acute rejection. We report a case of reopening of a @entity9 after left single-lung transplantation with normal pulmonary pressure. CONCLUSIONS: Our case demonstrates that an open @entity9 leading to massive right-to-left shunting is a possible complication after lung transplant, with significant morbidity, and that it can be treated successfully using a percutaneously placed occlusion device. Through this case report, we aim to improve pre-transplant procedures by demonstrating that a bubble contrast transesophageal echocardiogram can be performed pre-operatively to detect a @entity9 .

title: Persistent XXXX and platypnea-orthodeoxia after left single-lung transplantation: a case report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fractures resulting @entity5 challenge the orthopedic surgeon. Orthopedic surgeons in developed countries have the option of choosing vascularized bone transfers, bone transport, allogenic bone grafts, bone graft substitutes and several other means to treat such conditions. In developing countries where such facilities or expertise may not be readily available, the surgeon has to rely on other techniques of treatment. Non-vascularized fibula strut graft and cancellous bone grafting provides a reliable means of treating such conditions in developing countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over a period of six years all @entity0 @entity5 either from @entity2 or oncologic resection were included in the study. Data concerning the type of wound, size of gap and skin loss at @entity1 or @entity3 were obtained from clinical examination and radiographs. RESULT: Ten @entity0 satisfied the inclusion criteria for the study. The average length of the fibula strut is 7 cm, the longest being 15 cm and the shortest 3 cm long. The average defect length was 6.5 cm. Five @entity0 had Gustillo III B open @entity3 . One @entity0 had recurrent @entity6 of the distal radius and another had a polyostotic bone cyst of the femur, which was later confirmed to be @entity4 . Another had non-union of distal @entity3 with @entity7 . One other @entity0 had @entity2 to the femur and was initially managed by skeletal traction. The tenth @entity0 had a @entity8 . All @entity2 @entity0 had measurement of missing segment, tissue envelope assessment, neurological examination, and debridement under general anesthesia with @entity3 stabilization with external fixators or casts. Graft incorporation was 80% in all treated @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Autologous free, non-vascularized fibula and cancellous graft is a useful addition to the armamentarium of orthopedic surgeon in developing countries attempting to @entity5 , whether created by @entity2 or excision of @entity1 .

title: Use of non-vascularized autologous fibula strut graft in the treatment of segmental XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: In the United States, all @entity0 6 months through 18 years of age are recommended to be vaccinated against @entity1 annually. However, the existing pediatric immunization infrastructure does not have the capacity to vaccinate a high proportion of @entity0 each year. School-located @entity1 vaccination (SLIV) programs provide an opportunity to immunize large numbers of school-age @entity0 . We reviewed the medical literature in order to document the current U.S. experience to benefit future SLIV programs. Published reports or abstracts for 36 SLIV programs were identified, some of which spanned multiple years. The programs immunized between 70-128,228 students. While most programs vaccinated 40-50% of students, coverage ranged from 7-73%. Higher percentages of elementary students were vaccinated compared with middle and high school students. While many programs offered only intranasal vaccine, several programs have successfully used both the intranasal and injectable vaccines. Faculty and staff were immunized in some programs and uptake in this group varied considerably. Students were vaccinated quickly during school hours. Costs, where reported, ranged from approximately  20- 27 per dose delivered, including both vaccine and administration costs. The greatest need for future U.S. SLIV program implementation is the development of a financially sustainable model that can be replicated annually on a national scale.

title: Current experience with school-located XXXX vaccination programs in the United States: a review of the medical literature.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment-related @entity2 is the primary, noncancer cause of mortality in adult survivors of childhood @entity0 . Early detection of @entity5 may identify a high-risk subset of survivors for early intervention. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to determine the prevalence of @entity5 in adult survivors of childhood @entity0 . METHODS: Echocardiographic assessment included 3-dimensional (3D) left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal and circumferential @entity4 , and diastolic function, graded per American Society of Echocardiography guidelines in 1,820 adult (median age 31 years; range: 18 to 65 years) survivors of childhood @entity0 (median time from diagnosis 23 years; range: 10 to 48 years) exposed to @entity6 chemotherapy (n  = 1,050), chest-directed radiotherapy (n  = 306), or both (n  = 464). RESULTS: Only 5.8% of survivors had abnormal 3D LVEFs (<50%). However, 32.1% of survivors with normal 3D LVEFs had evidence of @entity5 by global longitudinal strain (28%), American Society of Echocardiography-graded diastolic assessment (8.7%), or both. @entity1 was associated with chest-directed radiotherapy at 1 to 19.9 Gy (rate ratio [RR]: 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14 to 1.66), 20 to 29.9 Gy (RR: 1.65; 95% CI:  1.31 to 2.08), and >30 Gy (RR: 2.39; 95% CI: 1.79 to 3.18) and @entity6 dose > 300 mg/m(2) (RR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.31 to  2.26). Survivors with @entity3 were twice as likely to have @entity1 (RR: 1.94; 95% CI: 1.66 to 2.28) and abnormal diastolic function (RR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.39 to 2.03) but not abnormal 3D LVEFs (RR:  1.07; 95% CI: 0.74 to 1.53). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and diastolic function are more prevalent than reduced 3D LVEF and are associated with treatment exposure. They may identify a subset of survivors at higher risk for poor clinical cardiac outcomes who may benefit from early medical intervention.

title: Comprehensive Echocardiographic Detection of Treatment-Related XXXX in Adult Survivors of  Childhood Cancer: Results From the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The project was a nurse-led implementation of a software application, designed to combine clinical and demographic records for a @entity1 education program, which would result in secure, long-term record storage. BACKGROUND/RATIONALE: Clinical information systems may be prohibitively expensive for small practices and require extensive training for implementation. A review of the literature suggests that the use of simple, practice-based registries offer an economical method of monitoring the outcomes of @entity1 @entity0 . PROJECT DESCRIPTION: The database was designed using a common software application, Microsoft Access. The theory used to guide implementation and staff training was Rogers' Diffusion of Innovations theory (1995). OUTCOMES: Outcomes after a 3-month period included incorporation of 100% of new clinical and demographic @entity0 records into the database and positive changes in staff attitudes regarding software applications used in @entity1 self-management training. These objectives were met while keeping project costs under budgeted amounts. CONCLUSIONS: As a function of the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) researcher role, there is a need for CNSs to identify innovative and economical methods of data collection. The success of this nurse-led project reinforces suggestions in the literature for less costly methods of data maintenance in small practice settings. Ongoing utilization and enhancement have resulted in the creation of a robust database that could aid in the research of multiple clinical issues. IMPLICATIONS: Clinical nurse specialists can use existing evidence to guide and improve both their own practice and outcomes for @entity0 and organizations. Further research regarding specific factors that predict efficient transition of informatics applications, how these factors vary according to practice settings, and the role of the CNS in implementation of such applications is needed.

title: Implementation of customized health information technology in XXXX self management programs.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare semiexperimentally the pulse oximetry values obtained from a finger on restrained or unrestrained sides of the body. BACKGROUND: The pulse oximeter provides a noninvasive measurement of the @entity1 saturation of hemoglobin in arterial blood. One of the procedures most frequently applied to @entity0 in intensive care units is the application of physical restraint. Circulation problems are the most important complication in @entity0 who are physically restrained. Evaluation of @entity1 saturation from body parts in which circulation is impeded or has deteriorated can cause false results. METHODS: The research sample consisted of 30 hospitalized @entity0 who participated in the study voluntarily and who were concordant with the inclusion criteria of the study. @entity0 information and @entity0 follow-up forms were used for data collection. Pulse oximetry values were measured simultaneously using OxiMax Nellcor finger sensors from fingers on the restrained and unrestrained sides of the body. Numeric and percentile distributions were used in evaluating the sociodemographic properties of @entity0 . RESULTS: A significant difference was found between the @entity1 saturation values obtained from a finger of an arm that had been physically restrained and a finger of an arm that had not been physically restrained. The mean @entity1 saturation value measured from a finger of an arm that had been physically restrained was found to be 93.40 (SD, 2.97), and the mean @entity1 saturation value measured from a finger of an arm that had not been physically restrained was found to be 95.53 (SD, 2.38). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that nurses should use a finger of an arm that is not physically restrained when evaluating @entity1 saturation values to evaluate them correctly.

title: Comparison of XXXX saturation values obtained from fingers on physically restrained or unrestrained sides of the body.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: @entity5 are the most common primary @entity7 , most frequently located near the cauda equina and conus medullaris. We believe that this is the first reported case of a low-grade, nonmyxopapillary (World Health Organization grade 2), intradural, extramedullary @entity5 involving a spinal nerve root. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: An 87-year-old @entity0 presented with a chief complaint of acute onset of severe right hip and lateral thigh @entity3 . She had baseline chronic @entity6 , which remained unchanged. Her physical examination was significant for 4/5 strength in her right hip flexion (possibly related to @entity3 ), and 5 beats of clonus bilaterally. She had no point tenderness at the level of her compression @entity4 . Computed tomography of the @entity0 's lumbar spine revealed a well-corticated, chronic compression @entity4 of the L3 vertebral body. Magnetic resonance images demonstrated an ovoid-shaped, 1.5 1-cm, well-circumscribed, intradural, extramedullary lesion at the conus medullaris. The @entity0 underwent an @entity8 laminectomy with intradural resection of the mass, which was found to be intricately involved with a single nerve root. The nerve root was coagulated and sectioned, and a gross total resection of the @entity1 was achieved. CONCLUSION: The @entity0 tolerated the procedure well, with no complications or any postoperative @entity2 . Her right-sided @entity3 immediately resolved after surgery. Her strength and ambulation were normal after surgery. No adjuvant radiotherapy was offered to the @entity0 . This case illustrates a unique @entity1 presentation and the successful surgical treatment of the condition.

title: XXXX near the conus medullaris with lumbar nerve root attachment: case report.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may be developmental or acquired. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of endoscopic neurosurgery in the management of intracranial CSF cysts. METHODS: In a 7-year period, 64 consecutive @entity0 underwent endoscopic neurosurgery for CSF cysts. Group 1 consisted of 13 @entity0 with acquired cysts; group 2 included 51 @entity0 with @entity2 . In all cases, the cyst walls were fenestrated through small burr holes with frameless guided operative endoscopes. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 6 years (mean, 3.4 years). RESULTS: There were no mortality and no permanent morbidity, apart from a @entity0 (1.6%) who remained neurologically intact but required ventriculoperitoneal shunting because of @entity3 . The planned fenestrations could be performed in all @entity0 except 2, owing to thick, opaque cyst walls. In group 1, 6 @entity0 fully recovered and remained intact throughout the follow-up, whereas 7 improved but had various degrees of @entity1 that were related to their initial diseases. Radiological results were excellent in all cases. In group 2, there were 7 asymptomatic @entity0 who remained unchanged and 44 "symptomatic" @entity0 : 40 (91%) clinically improved, 4 (9%) remained unchanged, and none worsened. Cyst size decreased in 37 @entity0 (74%) and remained unchanged in 13 (26%). CONCLUSION: In this series, @entity0 of different ages, harboring cysts of various sizes and locations, could be satisfactorily treated with endoscopic neurosurgery.

title: XXXX containing cerebrospinal fluid-like fluid: results of endoscopic neurosurgery in a series of 64 consecutive cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 -reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major factor leading to @entity7 or graft loss after intestinal surgery or transplantation. This study investigated the cytoprotective effects and putative mechanisms of interleukin (IL)-13 after intestinal I/R injury in the @entity0 . METHODS: @entity0 warm intestinal I/R injury induced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 100 min with tissue analysis at 4 and 24 hr after reperfusion. Treated animals received intravenous recombinant @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity11 antibody, whereas controls received saline. RESULTS: @entity11 administration markedly prolonged animal survival (100% vs. 50% in saline controls) and resulted in near normal histopathological architecture. @entity11 treatment also significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity. @entity0 conditioned with @entity11 had a markedly @entity3 @entity8 expression and increased the expression of @entity10 , antioxidant hemeoxygenase-1, and antiapoptotic A20, @entity5 / @entity13 , compared with that of controls. Unlike in controls, the expression of mRNA coding for @entity9 /interferon-y, and @entity12 / @entity6 remained @entity3 , whereas that of @entity4 / @entity1 reciprocally increased in the @entity0 treated with @entity11 . Administration of anti- @entity4 antibody alone or in combination with @entity11 resulted in outcomes similar to that seen in controls. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates for the first time that @entity4 plays a protective role in intestinal warm I/R injury and a critical role in the regulation of @entity10 and @entity8 signaling. The administration of @entity4 exerts cytoprotective effects in this model by regulating innate and adaptive immunity while the removal of @entity4 using antibody therapy abrogates this effect.

title: XXXX protects @entity0 intestine from @entity2 and reperfusion injury through regulation of innate and adaptive immunity.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 -reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major factor leading to @entity7 or graft loss after intestinal surgery or transplantation. This study investigated the cytoprotective effects and putative mechanisms of interleukin (IL)-13 after intestinal I/R injury in the @entity0 . METHODS: @entity0 warm intestinal I/R injury induced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 100 min with tissue analysis at 4 and 24 hr after reperfusion. Treated animals received intravenous recombinant @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity11 antibody, whereas controls received saline. RESULTS: @entity11 administration markedly prolonged animal survival (100% vs. 50% in saline controls) and resulted in near normal histopathological architecture. @entity11 treatment also significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity. @entity0 conditioned with @entity11 had a markedly @entity3 @entity8 expression and increased the expression of @entity10 , antioxidant hemeoxygenase-1, and antiapoptotic A20, @entity5 / @entity13 , compared with that of controls. Unlike in controls, the expression of mRNA coding for @entity9 /interferon-y, and @entity12 / @entity6 remained @entity3 , whereas that of @entity4 / @entity1 reciprocally increased in the @entity0 treated with @entity11 . Administration of anti- @entity4 antibody alone or in combination with @entity11 resulted in outcomes similar to that seen in controls. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates for the first time that @entity4 plays a protective role in intestinal warm I/R injury and a critical role in the regulation of @entity10 and @entity8 signaling. The administration of @entity4 exerts cytoprotective effects in this model by regulating innate and adaptive immunity while the removal of @entity4 using antibody therapy abrogates this effect.

title: @entity4 protects @entity0 intestine from XXXX and reperfusion injury through regulation of innate and adaptive immunity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 -reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major factor leading to @entity7 or graft loss after intestinal surgery or transplantation. This study investigated the cytoprotective effects and putative mechanisms of interleukin (IL)-13 after intestinal I/R injury in the @entity0 . METHODS: @entity0 warm intestinal I/R injury induced by clamping the superior mesenteric artery for 100 min with tissue analysis at 4 and 24 hr after reperfusion. Treated animals received intravenous recombinant @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity11 antibody, whereas controls received saline. RESULTS: @entity11 administration markedly prolonged animal survival (100% vs. 50% in saline controls) and resulted in near normal histopathological architecture. @entity11 treatment also significantly decreased myeloperoxidase activity. @entity0 conditioned with @entity11 had a markedly @entity3 @entity8 expression and increased the expression of @entity10 , antioxidant hemeoxygenase-1, and antiapoptotic A20, @entity5 / @entity13 , compared with that of controls. Unlike in controls, the expression of mRNA coding for @entity9 /interferon-y, and @entity12 / @entity6 remained @entity3 , whereas that of @entity4 / @entity1 reciprocally increased in the @entity0 treated with @entity11 . Administration of anti- @entity4 antibody alone or in combination with @entity11 resulted in outcomes similar to that seen in controls. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates for the first time that @entity4 plays a protective role in intestinal warm I/R injury and a critical role in the regulation of @entity10 and @entity8 signaling. The administration of @entity4 exerts cytoprotective effects in this model by regulating innate and adaptive immunity while the removal of @entity4 using antibody therapy abrogates this effect.

title: @entity4 protects XXXX intestine from @entity2 and reperfusion injury through regulation of innate and adaptive immunity.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Genetic insulin receptoropathies are a rare cause of severe insulin resistance. We identified the @entity4 missense mutation in the @entity3 @entity3 gene, previously reported in a Yemeni kindred, in four unrelated @entity0 with Somali ancestry. We aimed to investigate a possible genetic founder effect, and to study the mechanism of loss of function of the mutant receptor. METHODS: Biochemical profiling and DNA haplotype analysis of affected @entity0 were performed. @entity3 expression in lymphoblastoid cells from a homozygous @entity4 @entity3 @entity0 , and in cells heterologously expressing the mutant receptor, was examined. Insulin binding, insulin-stimulated receptor autophosphorylation, and cooperativity and pH dependency of insulin dissociation were also assessed. RESULTS: All @entity0 had biochemical profiles pathognomonic of insulin receptoropathy, while haplotype analysis revealed the putative shared region around the @entity3 mutant to be no larger than 28 kb. An @entity1 proreceptor to b subunit ratio was seen in @entity0 -derived cells. Steady state insulin binding and insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation of the mutant receptor was normal; however it exhibited @entity2 rates with preserved cooperativity, a difference accentuated at low pH. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The @entity4 @entity3 appears to have arisen around the Horn of Africa, and should be sought first in severely insulin resistant @entity0 with ancestry from this region. Despite collectively compelling genetic, clinical and biochemical evidence for its pathogenicity, loss of function in conventional in vitro assays is subtle, suggesting mildly impaired receptor recycling only.

title: Founder effect in the Horn of Africa for an XXXX mutation that may impair receptor recycling.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genomic disorders resulting from deletion or duplication of genomic segments are known to be an important cause of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). In our previous study, we identified a unique individual with a de novo 17q25.3 deletion from a study of 714 individuals with CVM. METHODS: To understand the contribution of this locus to cardiac @entity4 , we reviewed the data on 60,000 samples submitted for array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) studies to Medical Genetics Laboratories at Baylor College of Medicine, and ascertained seven individuals with segmental aneusomy of 17q25. We validated our findings by studying another individual with a de novo submicroscopic deletion of this region from Cytogenetics Laboratory at Cincinnati @entity0 's Hospital. Using bioinformatic analyses including protein-protein interaction network, @entity0 tissue expression patterns, haploinsufficiency scores, and other annotation systems, including a training set of 251 genes known to be linked to @entity0 @entity3 , we constructed a pathogenicity score for cardiac phenotype for each of the 57 genes within the terminal 2.0  Mb of 17q25.3. RESULTS: We found relatively high penetrance of @entity1 (~60  %) with five deletions and three duplications, observed in eight unrelated individuals. Distinct cardiac phenotypes were present in four of these subjects with non-recurrent de novo deletions (range 0.08  Mb-1.4  Mb) in the subtelomeric region of 17q25.3. These included @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Amongst the three individuals with variable size duplications of this region, one had @entity8 ( @entity8 ) at 8  months of age. CONCLUSION: The distinct cardiac lesions observed in the affected @entity0 and the bioinformatics analyses suggest that multiple genes may be plausible drivers of the cardiac phenotype within this gene-rich critical interval of 17q25.3.

title: De novo deletions and duplications of 17q25.3 cause susceptibility to XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Locking head systems are an additional option in the surgical treatment of metacarpal @entity1 . In this clinic 2.0  mm @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are used, which provide the possibility of functional postoperative treatment even for complex and @entity4 . For simple @entity1 and good bone quality the @entity3 system is used as a compression or neutralization plate. Depending on the type and localization of the @entity1 , different osteosynthesis techniques are used in order to achieve a functional postoperative treatment in as many @entity0 as possible. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between July 2009 and December 2010 a total of 49 @entity0 were enrolled in a prospective trial. All @entity0 underwent surgical treatment with a 2.0  mm @entity3 system. Postoperative functionality of the hand was restored without immobilization. Clinical and radiological examinations were performed after 6 and 12 weeks and after 6 and 12 months with documentation of the range of motion (ROM), grip strength, fingertip to palm distance and the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score. RESULTS: After 6 months a good functional result was achieved in all @entity0 with no cases of @entity2 . Radiographs showed a completely consolidated bone healing. CONCLUSION: After osteosynthesis with 2.0  mm LCPs all types of metacarpal @entity1 can be treated without immobilization.

title: [Osteosynthesis of metacarpal XXXX with 2.0  mm @entity3 system and functional postoperative treatment].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Locking head systems are an additional option in the surgical treatment of metacarpal @entity1 . In this clinic 2.0  mm @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are used, which provide the possibility of functional postoperative treatment even for complex and @entity4 . For simple @entity1 and good bone quality the @entity3 system is used as a compression or neutralization plate. Depending on the type and localization of the @entity1 , different osteosynthesis techniques are used in order to achieve a functional postoperative treatment in as many @entity0 as possible. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between July 2009 and December 2010 a total of 49 @entity0 were enrolled in a prospective trial. All @entity0 underwent surgical treatment with a 2.0  mm @entity3 system. Postoperative functionality of the hand was restored without immobilization. Clinical and radiological examinations were performed after 6 and 12 weeks and after 6 and 12 months with documentation of the range of motion (ROM), grip strength, fingertip to palm distance and the disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score. RESULTS: After 6 months a good functional result was achieved in all @entity0 with no cases of @entity2 . Radiographs showed a completely consolidated bone healing. CONCLUSION: After osteosynthesis with 2.0  mm LCPs all types of metacarpal @entity1 can be treated without immobilization.

title: [Osteosynthesis of metacarpal @entity1 with 2.0  mm XXXX system and functional postoperative treatment].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many @entity0 treated on @entity1 surgery wards are geriatric @entity1 @entity0 . To improve treatment of these often multimorbid @entity0 , various interdisciplinary treatment concepts have been established in Germany between @entity1 surgeons and geriatricians. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the dissemination and the impact of the different orthogeriatric treatment concepts for geriatric @entity1 in Germany. Material and methods In March and April 2014 an electronic questionnaire for assessing the interdisciplinary treatment of geriatric @entity1 @entity0 was sent to 691 medical directors of @entity1 surgery departments in Germany. RESULTS: A total of 259 (37   %) fully answered questionnaires could be analyzed. The analysis revealed that 70   % of all responding @entity1 surgery departments had an orthogeriatric treatment cooperation. Most of them  reported having @entity0 discharge agreements to geriatric rehabilitation facilities  (59  %). Geriatric counseling services were reported by 39   % while 24   % reported having regular interdisciplinary visits and orthogeriatric wards were available in 13   %. The need for orthogeriatric services was considered to be high by 79   % of the @entity0 and benefits especially for the @entity0 were expected. These expectations were largely fulfilled. More than 70   % of respondents planned to intensify the orthogeriatric cooperation. In this context difficulties were seen in the lack of personnel resources, especially in a lack of geriatricians. CONCLUSION: The results of this survey underline the impact and the positive experiences in orthogeriatric services. Solutions have to be found to address the emerging problem of capacity constraints.

title: [Interdisciplinary treatment in geriatric traumatology from the XXXX surgeons' perspective : Results of a survey in Germany].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are at increased risk of @entity7 due to frequent hand washing and use of @entity2 gel. This has increased the incidence of occupational @entity0 . AIMS: To evaluate @entity5 in @entity1 in our hospital by means of a survey which also examined trends of exposure and the utility of patch testing. METHODS: @entity1 diagnosed with @entity5 in our contact @entity5 clinic from January 2011 to July 2012 were included. Information was collected retrospectively from medical notes, computer records and the database of the British @entity4 Society. RESULTS: A total of 69 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity5 , with a prevalence of ~4%. The majority were female and the clinical areas in which they worked were diverse. About 98% (68) had @entity7 , and hand washing was the commonest cause of symptoms. About 75% (51) had @entity7 exclusively. Patch test was positive in 42% with the commonest reaction to @entity6 , followed by @entity3 . Associated atopy was found in less than half of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Irritant @entity5 is prevalent in @entity1 in this setting. Patch testing is useful to identify any additional allergic element in such cases.

title: Irritant XXXX in health care workers.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pressurized probing and irrigation is the method of choice for @entity4 after conservative therapeutic strategies have failed. The aim of this study was to evaluate age @entity1 and success rates of different therapeutic options. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study of @entity0 with @entity4 was performed. All @entity0 treated during the period between May 2009 and June 2010 were included. Surgical success was defined as the absence of @entity3 and mucous discharge for a postoperative follow-up of 3 months. Odds ratios (OR) and 95   % confidence intervals (CI) of different variables were estimated using logistic regression. RESULTS: A total of 111 @entity0 (137 eyes) underwent treatment for @entity4 . The mean age of the @entity0 was 7.7 months (range 1-30 months). The success rate of probing under local anesthesia was 85.5   % (n   =   100). Probing under general anesthesia without intubation of the lacrimal pathway was successful in 28.6   % (n   =   2). Treatment under general anesthesia with intubation of the lacrimal pathway had a success rate of 94.2   %. If the primary treatment was complicated the OR was 1.9 (95   % CI: 0.7-5.1), for males the OR was 1.7 (95   % CI: 0.8-3.5) and in cases of a positive family history the OR was 1.5 (95   % CI: 0.7-3.3). With every increasing month of age the risk not to be treated successfully increased (OR: 1.3, 95   % CI: 1.2-1.5). CONCLUSION: Syringing under local anesthesia is an effective therapy. The highest success rates were found at the ages of 1-6 months. Therapy with additional @entity2 tube intubation was highly successful.

title: [Treatment of XXXX : A prospective clinical cohort study].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our long-term goal is to develop a nonsurgical method of @entity1 for the purpose of permanent contraception. We have previously demonstrated that transcervical administration of 5% @entity4 foam (PF) can create @entity1 in macaques but that multiple treatments are required. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of various regimens of PF with and without @entity6 ( @entity7 ) (to control ovarian cycle phase) in the @entity3 . STUDY DESIGN: Adult cycling female @entity5 were evaluated for tubal patency by hysterosalpingography and then received a transcervical infusion of PF with (+) or without (-) an intramuscular injection of @entity7 (3.5 mg/kg). Two concentrations of PF were compared: 1% [(+) @entity7 , n=5; (-) @entity7 , n=3] and 5% [(+) @entity7 , n=4; (-) @entity7 , n=3]. Controls received (+) @entity7 (n=2) or (-) @entity7 , (n=3) only. The reproductive tracts were removed 1-3 months after treatment for examination. RESULTS: No @entity1 was observed in negative controls (  @entity7 ). Histologic complete @entity1 was observed in 3/8 of females treated with 1% PF and in 6/7 treated with 5% PF. Histologic evaluation suggested that 1% PF is associated with @entity2 (more than 2-3 months), while 5% treatment eliminates the epithelial lining, at least focally, and resolves into complete occlusion within 1-2 months. This pattern of complete occlusion was seen in all 4 females that received 5% PF (+ @entity7 ) and in 2/3 that received 5% PF (- @entity7 ). CONCLUSION: In a @entity3 model of transcervical permanent contraception, a single treatment with 5% PF resulted in complete @entity1 more reliably (85%) than 1% PF (38%). Cotreatment with @entity7 may improve treatment results with 5% PF but requires additional study. IMPLICATIONS: A finding that a single transcervical treatment with 5% PF can occlude the fallopian tubes of @entity3 supports further study of this approach as a novel strategy for permanent contraception for @entity0 .

title: Characterization of @entity1 after transcervical XXXX foam (PF) infusion in @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our long-term goal is to develop a nonsurgical method of @entity1 for the purpose of permanent contraception. We have previously demonstrated that transcervical administration of 5% @entity4 foam (PF) can create @entity1 in macaques but that multiple treatments are required. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of various regimens of PF with and without @entity6 ( @entity7 ) (to control ovarian cycle phase) in the @entity3 . STUDY DESIGN: Adult cycling female @entity5 were evaluated for tubal patency by hysterosalpingography and then received a transcervical infusion of PF with (+) or without (-) an intramuscular injection of @entity7 (3.5 mg/kg). Two concentrations of PF were compared: 1% [(+) @entity7 , n=5; (-) @entity7 , n=3] and 5% [(+) @entity7 , n=4; (-) @entity7 , n=3]. Controls received (+) @entity7 (n=2) or (-) @entity7 , (n=3) only. The reproductive tracts were removed 1-3 months after treatment for examination. RESULTS: No @entity1 was observed in negative controls (  @entity7 ). Histologic complete @entity1 was observed in 3/8 of females treated with 1% PF and in 6/7 treated with 5% PF. Histologic evaluation suggested that 1% PF is associated with @entity2 (more than 2-3 months), while 5% treatment eliminates the epithelial lining, at least focally, and resolves into complete occlusion within 1-2 months. This pattern of complete occlusion was seen in all 4 females that received 5% PF (+ @entity7 ) and in 2/3 that received 5% PF (- @entity7 ). CONCLUSION: In a @entity3 model of transcervical permanent contraception, a single treatment with 5% PF resulted in complete @entity1 more reliably (85%) than 1% PF (38%). Cotreatment with @entity7 may improve treatment results with 5% PF but requires additional study. IMPLICATIONS: A finding that a single transcervical treatment with 5% PF can occlude the fallopian tubes of @entity3 supports further study of this approach as a novel strategy for permanent contraception for @entity0 .

title: Characterization of @entity1 after transcervical @entity4 foam (PF) infusion in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our long-term goal is to develop a nonsurgical method of @entity1 for the purpose of permanent contraception. We have previously demonstrated that transcervical administration of 5% @entity4 foam (PF) can create @entity1 in macaques but that multiple treatments are required. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of various regimens of PF with and without @entity6 ( @entity7 ) (to control ovarian cycle phase) in the @entity3 . STUDY DESIGN: Adult cycling female @entity5 were evaluated for tubal patency by hysterosalpingography and then received a transcervical infusion of PF with (+) or without (-) an intramuscular injection of @entity7 (3.5 mg/kg). Two concentrations of PF were compared: 1% [(+) @entity7 , n=5; (-) @entity7 , n=3] and 5% [(+) @entity7 , n=4; (-) @entity7 , n=3]. Controls received (+) @entity7 (n=2) or (-) @entity7 , (n=3) only. The reproductive tracts were removed 1-3 months after treatment for examination. RESULTS: No @entity1 was observed in negative controls (  @entity7 ). Histologic complete @entity1 was observed in 3/8 of females treated with 1% PF and in 6/7 treated with 5% PF. Histologic evaluation suggested that 1% PF is associated with @entity2 (more than 2-3 months), while 5% treatment eliminates the epithelial lining, at least focally, and resolves into complete occlusion within 1-2 months. This pattern of complete occlusion was seen in all 4 females that received 5% PF (+ @entity7 ) and in 2/3 that received 5% PF (- @entity7 ). CONCLUSION: In a @entity3 model of transcervical permanent contraception, a single treatment with 5% PF resulted in complete @entity1 more reliably (85%) than 1% PF (38%). Cotreatment with @entity7 may improve treatment results with 5% PF but requires additional study. IMPLICATIONS: A finding that a single transcervical treatment with 5% PF can occlude the fallopian tubes of @entity3 supports further study of this approach as a novel strategy for permanent contraception for @entity0 .

title: Characterization of XXXX after transcervical @entity4 foam (PF) infusion in @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 must be treated by pericardial drainage as soon as possible. We recently encountered a rare case of traumatic @entity6 in which the pericardial fluid disappeared spontaneously immediately before the planned drainage. This case is reported in this paper. The @entity0 was a 22-year-old male who was transported to our hospital after he sustained injuries in a traffic accident. The @entity0 was diagnosed to have a facial @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity3 (suspected), injury to the spinal cord at the L3-L4 level, @entity1 . After TAE was performed to deal with the @entity5 from the injured pelvis, the @entity0 was immediately hospitalized. About 6 hours after the injury, pericardial fluid accumulation began to be noted, and about 18 hours after the injury, the @entity0 went into shock, responding poorly to fluid resuscitation and treatment with pressor agents. At this time, a diagnosis of @entity6 was made and emergency operation was arranged for. However, just before this could be executed, the @entity0 's blood pressure showed a sharp rise, accompanied by disappearance of the pericardial fluid. He continued to show steady improvement and could eventually be discharged from the hospital.

title: A case of traumatic XXXX showing sudden spontaneous disappearance of the pericardial fluid.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether nephrology management improves over time achievement of blood pressure (BP) goal (<130/<80 mm Hg) in nondialysis CKD is still ill-defined. This historical cohort analysis evaluated the relationship between 1-year nephrology management and BP control in 275 incident CKD @entity0 in an @entity2 . METHODS: Comparative analysis between referral and month-12 visit. RESULTS: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 42.1    15.5 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and median @entity5 0.20 g/24 hours. From baseline to month-12 visit, BP decreased from 148    23 / 81    12 mm Hg to 136    18 / 76    11 mm Hg, with BP goal prevalence increasing from 13.8% to 33.8%. We stratified @entity0 into at-goal and not-at-goal on the basis of month-12 BP levels. Regression analysis identified @entity1 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.96; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.07-3.56) and basal systolic BP (OR=1.12; 95% CI, 1.03-1.21) as independent predictors of not-at-goal BP. The decrease in systolic/diastolic BP was smaller in not-at-goal versus at-goal @entity0 (-7/3 mm Hg vs. -21/9 mm Hg); in not-at-goal reduction was, however, significant versus baseline (p<0.001) and coupled with a similar decline in @entity5 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Sustained nephrology management improves @entity3 control in CKD, but achievement of @entity4 remains suboptimal, with high systolic BP and @entity1 being the main problems. Further studies are needed to verify the clinical significance of BP and @entity5 changes in @entity0 whose BP remains above target levels.

title: XXXX management in chronic kidney disease: translating guidelines into daily practice.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Following @entity7 microglia accumulate within the spinal cord and adopt a proinflammatory phenotype a process which contributes to the development of @entity0 . We have recently shown that @entity8 , a growth factor released following nerve injury, activates @entity6 , 3, and 4 receptors on microglia and stimulates proliferation, survival and chemotaxis of these cells. Here we studied the intracellular signaling pathways downstream of @entity8 - @entity3 activation in microglial cells. We found that @entity8 in vitro induced phosphorylation of @entity5 and @entity4 without activating p38MAPK. Using specific kinase inhibitors we found that the mitogenic effect of @entity8 on microglia was dependant on @entity9 / @entity5 pathway, the chemotactic effect was dependant on PI3K/ @entity4 signaling and survival was dependant on both pathways. Intrathecal treatment with @entity8 was associated with microgliosis and development of mechanical and @entity2 related @entity1 which was dependant on @entity5 phosphorylation in microglia. Spinal nerve ligation results in a robust microgliosis and sustained @entity5 phosphorylation within these cells. This pathway is downstream of @entity8 / @entity3 signaling since its blockade resulted in a significant reduction in microglial @entity5 phosphorylation. Inhibition of the @entity9 / @entity5 pathway resulted in decreased spinal microgliosis and in reduced mechanical and @entity1 after @entity7 . We conclude that @entity8 released after nerve injury activates microglial @entity3 receptors which consequently stimulates the @entity9 / @entity5 pathway that drives microglial proliferation and contributes to the development of @entity0 .

title: Following nerve injury @entity8 drives microglial proliferation and @entity0 via the XXXX /ERK pathway.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Following @entity7 microglia accumulate within the spinal cord and adopt a proinflammatory phenotype a process which contributes to the development of @entity0 . We have recently shown that @entity8 , a growth factor released following nerve injury, activates @entity6 , 3, and 4 receptors on microglia and stimulates proliferation, survival and chemotaxis of these cells. Here we studied the intracellular signaling pathways downstream of @entity8 - @entity3 activation in microglial cells. We found that @entity8 in vitro induced phosphorylation of @entity5 and @entity4 without activating p38MAPK. Using specific kinase inhibitors we found that the mitogenic effect of @entity8 on microglia was dependant on @entity9 / @entity5 pathway, the chemotactic effect was dependant on PI3K/ @entity4 signaling and survival was dependant on both pathways. Intrathecal treatment with @entity8 was associated with microgliosis and development of mechanical and @entity2 related @entity1 which was dependant on @entity5 phosphorylation in microglia. Spinal nerve ligation results in a robust microgliosis and sustained @entity5 phosphorylation within these cells. This pathway is downstream of @entity8 / @entity3 signaling since its blockade resulted in a significant reduction in microglial @entity5 phosphorylation. Inhibition of the @entity9 / @entity5 pathway resulted in decreased spinal microgliosis and in reduced mechanical and @entity1 after @entity7 . We conclude that @entity8 released after nerve injury activates microglial @entity3 receptors which consequently stimulates the @entity9 / @entity5 pathway that drives microglial proliferation and contributes to the development of @entity0 .

title: Following nerve injury @entity8 drives microglial proliferation and XXXX via the @entity9 /ERK pathway.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Following @entity7 microglia accumulate within the spinal cord and adopt a proinflammatory phenotype a process which contributes to the development of @entity0 . We have recently shown that @entity8 , a growth factor released following nerve injury, activates @entity6 , 3, and 4 receptors on microglia and stimulates proliferation, survival and chemotaxis of these cells. Here we studied the intracellular signaling pathways downstream of @entity8 - @entity3 activation in microglial cells. We found that @entity8 in vitro induced phosphorylation of @entity5 and @entity4 without activating p38MAPK. Using specific kinase inhibitors we found that the mitogenic effect of @entity8 on microglia was dependant on @entity9 / @entity5 pathway, the chemotactic effect was dependant on PI3K/ @entity4 signaling and survival was dependant on both pathways. Intrathecal treatment with @entity8 was associated with microgliosis and development of mechanical and @entity2 related @entity1 which was dependant on @entity5 phosphorylation in microglia. Spinal nerve ligation results in a robust microgliosis and sustained @entity5 phosphorylation within these cells. This pathway is downstream of @entity8 / @entity3 signaling since its blockade resulted in a significant reduction in microglial @entity5 phosphorylation. Inhibition of the @entity9 / @entity5 pathway resulted in decreased spinal microgliosis and in reduced mechanical and @entity1 after @entity7 . We conclude that @entity8 released after nerve injury activates microglial @entity3 receptors which consequently stimulates the @entity9 / @entity5 pathway that drives microglial proliferation and contributes to the development of @entity0 .

title: Following nerve injury XXXX drives microglial proliferation and @entity0 via the @entity9 /ERK pathway.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most widely used therapeutic agents for many important @entity5 . A large body of evidence indicates that the anti-inflammatory effects as well as the toxic side effects of NSAIDs can be attributed to their ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. The most frequent side effect leading to discontinuation of NSAID therapy is upper @entity3 . This is a major problem for rheumatologists and their @entity0 since alternatives to NSAIDs are not readily available. The mechanism of upper @entity3 associated with NSAIDs can be attributed to their common ability to inhibit gastric @entity6 synthesis, which suggests that gastrointestinal side effects often may not be avoided by substituting another NSAID, a prediction borne out by many @entity0 with @entity5 . However, there is some evidence that some @entity0 may differ in their susceptibility to gastrointestinal and other toxic effects, though this concept has not been rigorously studied in clinical trials. Thus, although changing the specific NSAID may prevent @entity3 in some @entity0 , many are intolerant to all NSAIDs. @entity0 who benefit from a specific NSAID, but in whom @entity3 develops, have limited options. Another NSAID may be substituted but at the risk of losing therapeutic efficacy and/or of continuing @entity2 . Alternatively, the side effects may be controlled while continuing therapy with the NSAID by one of several measures, including the use of antacids or a @entity1 (H2)-receptor antagonist, such as @entity7 . The use of enteric-coated salicylates or nonacetylated salicylates may also provide satisfactory alternatives. However, @entity0 who have experienced major @entity3 , such as @entity4 or active peptic ulcers, should usually avoid NSAID therapy.

title: Management of @entity3 of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during the therapy of XXXX . The rheumatologist's perspective.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most widely used therapeutic agents for many important @entity5 . A large body of evidence indicates that the anti-inflammatory effects as well as the toxic side effects of NSAIDs can be attributed to their ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. The most frequent side effect leading to discontinuation of NSAID therapy is upper @entity3 . This is a major problem for rheumatologists and their @entity0 since alternatives to NSAIDs are not readily available. The mechanism of upper @entity3 associated with NSAIDs can be attributed to their common ability to inhibit gastric @entity6 synthesis, which suggests that gastrointestinal side effects often may not be avoided by substituting another NSAID, a prediction borne out by many @entity0 with @entity5 . However, there is some evidence that some @entity0 may differ in their susceptibility to gastrointestinal and other toxic effects, though this concept has not been rigorously studied in clinical trials. Thus, although changing the specific NSAID may prevent @entity3 in some @entity0 , many are intolerant to all NSAIDs. @entity0 who benefit from a specific NSAID, but in whom @entity3 develops, have limited options. Another NSAID may be substituted but at the risk of losing therapeutic efficacy and/or of continuing @entity2 . Alternatively, the side effects may be controlled while continuing therapy with the NSAID by one of several measures, including the use of antacids or a @entity1 (H2)-receptor antagonist, such as @entity7 . The use of enteric-coated salicylates or nonacetylated salicylates may also provide satisfactory alternatives. However, @entity0 who have experienced major @entity3 , such as @entity4 or active peptic ulcers, should usually avoid NSAID therapy.

title: Management of XXXX of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during the therapy of @entity5 . The rheumatologist's perspective.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Infections linked in time and space with @entity4 (serovar 0 : 9, biotype 2, lysotype X3) were observed in 6 cases within one university hospital. After a hospital epidemic in Finland in 1973 (involving 7 @entity0 ) this is the 2nd such observation. The spread was demonstrated in two areas. The probable source of @entity1 of one @entity0 group (n = 3) was a 48-year-old dialysis @entity0 admitted with a febrile condition without enteritic symptoms. Pathogens could be demonstrated in his faeces by direct culture, in two contact @entity0 cultivation was possible only with cold enrichment. Blood cultures of the first @entity0 were negative. At about the same time 3 further infections with @entity4 of the same characteristics were observed in hospital personnel from different units. Frequent exchange of staff and @entity0 among affected wards increases likelihood of @entity2 . A dialysis nurse with @entity3 was the possible link between @entity0 and personnel. Transference of @entity1 from one @entity0 to another can be assumed in the above cases.

title: [Spread of XXXX @entity1 within a hospital (author's transl)].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Infections linked in time and space with @entity4 (serovar 0 : 9, biotype 2, lysotype X3) were observed in 6 cases within one university hospital. After a hospital epidemic in Finland in 1973 (involving 7 @entity0 ) this is the 2nd such observation. The spread was demonstrated in two areas. The probable source of @entity1 of one @entity0 group (n = 3) was a 48-year-old dialysis @entity0 admitted with a febrile condition without enteritic symptoms. Pathogens could be demonstrated in his faeces by direct culture, in two contact @entity0 cultivation was possible only with cold enrichment. Blood cultures of the first @entity0 were negative. At about the same time 3 further infections with @entity4 of the same characteristics were observed in hospital personnel from different units. Frequent exchange of staff and @entity0 among affected wards increases likelihood of @entity2 . A dialysis nurse with @entity3 was the possible link between @entity0 and personnel. Transference of @entity1 from one @entity0 to another can be assumed in the above cases.

title: [Spread of @entity4 XXXX within a hospital (author's transl)].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The organization and fine structure of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) from male @entity0 submandibular glands have been examined in controls and in animals injected with adrenergic and cholinergic secretagogues. Control submandibular glands exhibited a single population of @entity1 cells with numerous homogeneous granules filling the apical two-thirds of the cytoplasm. A zone of transition cells, exhibiting characteristics of both @entity1 and striated duct cells, was found between the agranular intercalated duct and @entity1 segments. These transition cells possessed apical granules of variable size as well as prominent basal striations. Dramatic changes in the morphology of @entity1 cells followed administration of the alpha-adrenergic agent, @entity3 . The extensive degranulation involved formation of "secretory pools" of fused granules and release of secretory material into the lumen. The appearance of numerous smooth vesicles near luminal membranes suggested extensive membrane retrieval. Intracellular membrane-limited aggregates of membrane fragments suggested that much of the retrieved membrane was destined for degradation. Rough endoplasmic reticulum was highly dilated but there was no indication of increased size or activity of the Golgi complex. Ultrastructural evidence indicated that the secretory responses to @entity4 , @entity5 -adrenergic agent, and to @entity2 , a cholinergic agent, were much more modest, but it is clear that some secretory response to these agents does occur. The other cell types of the duct and tubule system did not exhibit comparable morphological changes in response to the agents used.

title: Ultrastructure of the secretory response of male XXXX submandibular gland granular tubules.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 kinetics were studied after a single, oral, 20-mg capsule was taken by 12 young (six @entity0 , six @entity0 ) and 13 elderly (seven @entity0 , six @entity0 ) healthy subjects. Plasma samples were drawn for 216 hr after dosing. Plasma protein binding was studied in vitro by equilibrium dialysis and @entity1 concentrations were measured by HPLC with ultraviolet detection. The apparent volume of distribution was smaller in elderly @entity0 (7.8 +/- 0.4 l) than in young @entity0 (11.3 +/- 0.3 l) and elderly @entity0 (10.8 +/- 0.8 l). There were no such differences when the apparent volume of distribution was normalized for total body weight. There was a strong correlation between total body weight and apparent volume of distribution in all subjects (r = 0.83). Plasma protein binding of @entity1 ranged from 98.90% to 99.54% bound and was not affected by age or sex. @entity1 body clearance in elderly @entity0 (0.026 +/- 0.002 ml/min/kg) was approximately 33% lower than in young @entity0 (0.039 +/- 0.003 ml/min/kg). This difference was reflected in different t1/2s of 61.7 and 44.9 hr. Predicted steady-state plasma @entity1 concentrations were 5.7 micrograms/ml in young @entity0 , 5.4 micrograms/ml in young @entity0 , 5.7 micrograms/ml in elderly @entity0 , and 9.3 micrograms/ml in elderly @entity0 . The high value in elderly @entity0 results from the lower @entity1 body clearance and total body weight. Our data suggest that healthy elderly @entity0 eliminate @entity1 at a slower rate than healthy young @entity0 . The clinical significance of these data needs to be assessed in @entity0 .

title: Effects of age and sex on XXXX disposition.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To report our experience in the management of iatrogenic @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: During a 6-year period, 5 @entity0 were treated urgently for SAP. RESULTS: Two @entity0 presented with @entity3 , 2 with @entity4 , whereas 1 had unremitting severe @entity1 . Three @entity0 underwent preoperative computed tomography angiography and 2 digital subtraction angiography. Three @entity0 were treated with an open surgical procedure, whereas 2 were managed by endovascular means. A combined supraclavicular and/or infraclavicular approach was used in 2 @entity0 , whereas a midsternotomy was mandatory to achieve proximal control in one. A combined transfemoral and/or brachial approach was used in both @entity0 treated endovascular. No perioperative @entity2 or procedure-related complications occurred. All symptoms were relieved, whereas the median hospital stay was 8 days. During a mean follow-up period of 20.4    10 months, none of the @entity0 needed any reintervention. CONCLUSIONS: Iatrogenic @entity5 constitute a clinical entity that may need surgical treatment, especially in the presence of symptoms. In relatively stable @entity0 with no major compression issues, stenting could be considered as an adequate therapy for these situations. Open surgical repair should be considered when there is significant compression of adjacent structures or failure of the endovascular approach.

title: Management of iatrogenic XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although several echo-Doppler methods were proposed to optimize atrioventricular (AV) delay in @entity0 with sequential ventricular pacing, "echo-guided" AV optimization has not been widely adopted clinically. A combination of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and pulmonary venous flow (PVF) measurements may be beneficial to further optimize AV delay to achieve better cardiac function. The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and usefulness of AV delay optimization by combined use of @entity2 and PVF. METHODS: A total of 32 @entity0 after sequential ventricular pacemaker implantation were enrolled and studied. The optimal AV delay was defined as the timing to minimize the duration between PVF reversal (a) wave and the duration of the "A" wave of @entity2 . @entity1 volume was measured at the "optimized" AV delay (AVDOPT) and was compared with that obtained at shorter (AVDOPT  -  50  ms) and longer (AVDOPT  +  50  ms) AV delays. RESULTS: AV optimization was feasible in 27 of 32 @entity0 (87  %). @entity1 volume at AVDOPT was significantly higher than that at shorter or longer AV delay (63      18  ml vs. 57      15  ml vs. 56      16  ml, P  =  0.001). CONCLUSIONS: AV delay optimization using @entity2 and PV flow was feasible. Usefulness of this method requires further investigation with a larger study population.

title: Feasibility of a novel atrioventricular delay optimization method using transmitral and pulmonary venous flow in XXXX with sequential ventricular pacing or cardiac resynchronization therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Amorphous @entity6 nanoparticles (SiNP) are being investigated for their potential use in various industrial and medical fields. Therefore, the assessment of their possible pathophysiological effect on circulating cells such as platelets is essential. We recently showed that intraperitoneal administration of SiNP causes proinflammatory and prothrombotic responses in vivo. However, little is known about the interaction of amorphous SiNP with platelets in vitro. Presently, we investigated the in vitro effects of SiNP (1, 5 and 25  g/ml) on @entity5 , oxidative stress and intracellular @entity2 in @entity0 platelets. Incubation of platelets with SiNP caused a significant and dose-dependent @entity5 . Similarly, the activity of @entity3 dehydrogenase (as a marker of cell membrane integrity) was significantly increased by SiNP. Total antioxidant activity and lipid platelets vulnerability to in vitro peroxidation (measured by @entity4 production) were significantly increased after SiNP exposure. Additionally, SiNP exposure significantly increased the cytosolic @entity2 concentration. In conclusion, our in vitro data show that incubation of platelets with SiNP caused @entity5 , oxidative stress and increased intracellular @entity2 . This finding provides evidence on the @entity1 of SiNP on platelet physiology.

title: In vitro @entity5 and oxidative stress caused by amorphous XXXX nanoparticles.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Amorphous @entity6 nanoparticles (SiNP) are being investigated for their potential use in various industrial and medical fields. Therefore, the assessment of their possible pathophysiological effect on circulating cells such as platelets is essential. We recently showed that intraperitoneal administration of SiNP causes proinflammatory and prothrombotic responses in vivo. However, little is known about the interaction of amorphous SiNP with platelets in vitro. Presently, we investigated the in vitro effects of SiNP (1, 5 and 25  g/ml) on @entity5 , oxidative stress and intracellular @entity2 in @entity0 platelets. Incubation of platelets with SiNP caused a significant and dose-dependent @entity5 . Similarly, the activity of @entity3 dehydrogenase (as a marker of cell membrane integrity) was significantly increased by SiNP. Total antioxidant activity and lipid platelets vulnerability to in vitro peroxidation (measured by @entity4 production) were significantly increased after SiNP exposure. Additionally, SiNP exposure significantly increased the cytosolic @entity2 concentration. In conclusion, our in vitro data show that incubation of platelets with SiNP caused @entity5 , oxidative stress and increased intracellular @entity2 . This finding provides evidence on the @entity1 of SiNP on platelet physiology.

title: In vitro XXXX and oxidative stress caused by amorphous @entity6 nanoparticles.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously reported on the efficacy of endocytoscopic classification (EC-C). However, the correlation of the endocytoscopic vascular (EC-V) pattern with diagnoses was unclear. OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the EC-V pattern for @entity2 . DESIGN: Retrospective. SETTING: A university hospital. @entity0 : @entity0 who underwent endocytoscopy between January 2010 and March  2013. INTERVENTION: We evaluated 198 consecutive lesions according to the EC-V pattern (EC-V1, obscure surface microvessels; EC-V2, clearly observed surface microvessels of a uniform caliber and arrangement; and EC-V3, dilated surface microvessels of a nonhomogeneous caliber or arrangement). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: The diagnostic accuracy for predicting @entity3 and @entity1 were compared between the EC-V pattern and other modalities (narrow-band imaging, pit pattern, and EC-C). RESULTS: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the EC-V1 pattern for diagnosing @entity3 were 95.5%, 99.4%, and 99.0%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the EC-V3 pattern for diagnosing @entity1 were 74.6%, 97.2%, and 88.6%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy of the EC-V pattern for predicting @entity3 was comparable to the other modalities. For predicting @entity1 , the EC-V pattern was comparable to narrow-band imaging and pit pattern, although EC-C was slightly more accurate (P  = .04). In the substudy, the diagnosis time by using the EC-V pattern was shorter than that with the EC-C pattern (P  < .001). LIMITATIONS: A single-center, retrospective study. CONCLUSIONS: The EC-V pattern saved more time than the EC-C pattern and had a diagnostic ability comparable to that of other optical biopsy modalities.

title: Endocytoscopic microvasculature evaluation is a reliable new diagnostic method for XXXX (with video).

answer: @entity2


abstract: The international classification of @entity0 ( @entity1 -8) presented by the WHO has not been accepted in all countries and where it is used, local adjustments are made and sometimes parallel classification models are used. The diagnostic system has also been criticized as lacking in exactness and consistency and the reliability between diagnosticians has been shown to be low. As a consequence, international communication is made difficult and research is hampered. This problem is particularly relevant in the field of biological research. In fact, it can be suspected that most inconsistencies as regards results obtained in different places might depend upon an inconsistent use of the current diagnostic labels. A possible solution of this problem can be the use of a multiaspect classification model. Such a multiaspect model (MACM) including four variables - symptomatology, severity, course and supposed etiopathogenesis - has been tested for several years at Ume  . MACM is shown to be easly to communicate both in undergraduate training and in ternational communication. The reliability between diagnosticians is found to range from 56 to 82% as compared to 22-36% as concerns @entity1 -8. It is also shown that fairly homogeneous groups, both regarding course, supposed etiopathogenesis and biological basis, can be formed and that MACM seems to bear temporal stability. Computer programming of MACM diagnoses is as possible as with @entity1 -8 diagnoses. Furthermore, when Macm is used in clinical routine work, much more information valid in administrative routines is stored than what is possible when @entity1 -8 is used.

title: Multi-aspects classification of XXXX (MACM). A solution to the present confusion in the international classification @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The international classification of @entity0 ( @entity1 -8) presented by the WHO has not been accepted in all countries and where it is used, local adjustments are made and sometimes parallel classification models are used. The diagnostic system has also been criticized as lacking in exactness and consistency and the reliability between diagnosticians has been shown to be low. As a consequence, international communication is made difficult and research is hampered. This problem is particularly relevant in the field of biological research. In fact, it can be suspected that most inconsistencies as regards results obtained in different places might depend upon an inconsistent use of the current diagnostic labels. A possible solution of this problem can be the use of a multiaspect classification model. Such a multiaspect model (MACM) including four variables - symptomatology, severity, course and supposed etiopathogenesis - has been tested for several years at Ume  . MACM is shown to be easly to communicate both in undergraduate training and in ternational communication. The reliability between diagnosticians is found to range from 56 to 82% as compared to 22-36% as concerns @entity1 -8. It is also shown that fairly homogeneous groups, both regarding course, supposed etiopathogenesis and biological basis, can be formed and that MACM seems to bear temporal stability. Computer programming of MACM diagnoses is as possible as with @entity1 -8 diagnoses. Furthermore, when Macm is used in clinical routine work, much more information valid in administrative routines is stored than what is possible when @entity1 -8 is used.

title: Multi-aspects classification of @entity0 (MACM). A solution to the present confusion in the international classification XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Exenatide extended-release (exenatide ER) [ @entity9 (  )] is a @entity6 agonist, approved for the treatment of @entity1 . It is injected subcutaneously by @entity0 once weekly, with no dose titration required. This article updates an earlier review of exenatide ER in the management of type 2 @entity1 , focusing on recently published data. In randomized, controlled trials, adjunctive exenatide ER 2 mg once weekly for 24-30 weeks significantly improved glycaemic control and reduced bodyweight in @entity0 with inadequately controlled type 2 @entity1 despite diet plus exercise and/or @entity4 ( @entity4 ). These beneficial effects of exenatide ER were maintained after up to 6 years of treatment. In @entity0 receiving one or more @entity4 , addition of exenatide ER provided better glycaemic control than an immediate-release formulation of exenatide (exenatide twice daily), @entity8 , @entity7 , insulin glargine or insulin detemir, and was slightly less effective than liraglutide. In @entity0 treated with diet plus exercise alone, adjunctive exenatide ER was noninferior to @entity5 and superior to @entity8 , but was not noninferior to @entity7 . Exenatide ER was generally well tolerated, with a low inherent risk of hypoglycaemia. The most common adverse events were mild to moderate @entity3 , injection-site reactions and @entity2 . Thus, exenatide ER is a useful treatment option in the management of type 2 @entity1 . It offers a convenient, once-weekly regimen and can be administered by @entity0 via a pen injection system or syringes and needles.

title: Exenatide Extended-Release: An Updated Review of Its Use in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of level 3 @entity1 centres (TC) in inclusive @entity1 systems has not been well defined. The absence of nationally recognised inter-facility transfer criteria for inclusive systems has often left individual level 3 TCs to decide upon their own what their spectrum of care is and particularly which severely injured @entity0 to admit for definitive care. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study in which the principal objective was to compare the characteristics and outcomes of severely injured (injury severity score>15) adult @entity0 (>= 18 years) who received definitive care at level 3 centres with severely injured adult @entity0 who were transferred to level 1-2 TCs during the same time period. Data were derived from the National @entity1 Data Bank (2010-2011). First, we utilised hierarchical logistic regression models to evaluate the risk-adjusted mortality of @entity0 admitted at level 3 TCs compared to those who were transferred to level 1-2 TCs. Subgroup analysis was carried out for @entity0 with isolated @entity2 (iTBI). Finally, we explored the extent of variation in risk-adjusted mortality across level 3 TCs. RESULTS: We identified 6433 severely injured @entity0 who received definitive care across 150 level 3 TCs and 41,165 severely injured @entity0 transferred to level 1-2 centres. @entity0 who received definitive care at level 3 TCs had a lower comorbidity burden and different injury profiles compared to those transferred to level 1-2 centres. There was no difference in crude mortality (10% vs. 11%, standardised difference 0.04); however, after risk-adjustment, the odds of @entity3 for @entity0 who received definitive care at level 3 TCs were 1.24-fold higher (95%CI 1.08-1.43) when compared to those transferred to level 1-2 centres. A trend towards a higher likelihood of @entity3 at level 3 centres was observed when analysis was limited to @entity0 with iTBI. Risk-adjusted mortality across level 3 TCs was with few exceptions, homogeneous (<10% of level 3 TCs were outliers with higher/lower mortality). CONCLUSIONS: Level 3 @entity1 centres are providing definitive care for a subset of severely injured @entity0 . Our findings suggest that the outcomes of severely injured @entity0 admitted at level 3 centres might be worse compared to those transferred to level 1-2 centres; a finding independent of performance outliers. Further work is required to elucidate the determinants of admission after severe injury at level 3 @entity1 centres.

title: Definitive care in level 3 XXXX centres after severe injury: A comparison of clinical characteristics and outcomes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The association of @entity2 (C.p.) colonization of the upper gastrointestinal tract with five predefined anamnestic variables, seven symptoms of @entity3 , and various blindly evaluated histological criteria, was prospectively investigated in a consecutive series of 149 @entity0 submitted to upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy. Colonization was determined by biopsy urease tests and histological searches. Significant differences (P less than 0.05) between C.p.-positive and C.p.-negative @entity0 were found for smoker status and the frequency of therapy with @entity1 drugs (positive association with C.p.) and antibiotics (negative association), but not for any other of the anamnestic data or symptoms. These data were further submitted to stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses. Concerning histological findings, C.p. colonization was significantly associated with the degree of antrum and body @entity4 (P less than 0.01), and also with lymphocellular infiltration in antrum and body biopsies and neutrophil cellular grading in gastric antra. We conclude that C.p. colonization of the upper gastrointestinal tract is associated with gastritic change of the antrum and, albeit to a lesser extent, of the body mucosa. However, a specific pattern of symptoms to predict C.p. colonization could not be established.

title: XXXX : prospective analysis of clinical and histological factors associated with colonization of the upper gastrointestinal tract.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The relationships between nerve @entity6 levels and both nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity5 -induced @entity0 @entity1 were examined in two studies. In the first study, sciatic NCV and @entity3 of the tail nerve, assessed by measuring the time to disappearance of the nerve action potential after the tail was rendered @entity2 , were measured in nondiabetic @entity1 , untreated @entity0 @entity1 , and @entity0 @entity1 given Statil, an @entity4 reductase inhibitor (ARI). Sciatic NCV was lower in the untreated @entity0 animals than in control animals (P less than .05), and @entity3 of the tail nerve was greater (P less than .001). Treatment with the ARI completely prevented the slowing of NCV but had no significant effect on the increase in @entity3 . In the second study, similar groups of @entity1 were treated with either @entity8 , insulin, or @entity7 . Sciatic NCV was lower in the untreated @entity0 @entity1 than in the nondiabetic @entity1 (P less than .001). In @entity0 @entity1 treated with the ARI and in those treated with insulin, NCV was greater than in the untreated @entity0 @entity1 (P less than .05 and P less than .001, respectively) and was not significantly different from the nondiabetic @entity1 . NCV in the @entity7 -treated @entity1 was not significantly different from that in the untreated @entity0 @entity1 . @entity3 was assessed by measuring the decline in sciatic nerve action potential amplitude at minute intervals after death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of @entity4 reductase inhibition on nerve conduction velocity and XXXX in experimental @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The relationships between nerve @entity6 levels and both nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity5 -induced @entity0 @entity1 were examined in two studies. In the first study, sciatic NCV and @entity3 of the tail nerve, assessed by measuring the time to disappearance of the nerve action potential after the tail was rendered @entity2 , were measured in nondiabetic @entity1 , untreated @entity0 @entity1 , and @entity0 @entity1 given Statil, an @entity4 reductase inhibitor (ARI). Sciatic NCV was lower in the untreated @entity0 animals than in control animals (P less than .05), and @entity3 of the tail nerve was greater (P less than .001). Treatment with the ARI completely prevented the slowing of NCV but had no significant effect on the increase in @entity3 . In the second study, similar groups of @entity1 were treated with either @entity8 , insulin, or @entity7 . Sciatic NCV was lower in the untreated @entity0 @entity1 than in the nondiabetic @entity1 (P less than .001). In @entity0 @entity1 treated with the ARI and in those treated with insulin, NCV was greater than in the untreated @entity0 @entity1 (P less than .05 and P less than .001, respectively) and was not significantly different from the nondiabetic @entity1 . NCV in the @entity7 -treated @entity1 was not significantly different from that in the untreated @entity0 @entity1 . @entity3 was assessed by measuring the decline in sciatic nerve action potential amplitude at minute intervals after death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of XXXX reductase inhibition on nerve conduction velocity and @entity3 in experimental @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The relationships between nerve @entity6 levels and both nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity5 -induced @entity0 @entity1 were examined in two studies. In the first study, sciatic NCV and @entity3 of the tail nerve, assessed by measuring the time to disappearance of the nerve action potential after the tail was rendered @entity2 , were measured in nondiabetic @entity1 , untreated @entity0 @entity1 , and @entity0 @entity1 given Statil, an @entity4 reductase inhibitor (ARI). Sciatic NCV was lower in the untreated @entity0 animals than in control animals (P less than .05), and @entity3 of the tail nerve was greater (P less than .001). Treatment with the ARI completely prevented the slowing of NCV but had no significant effect on the increase in @entity3 . In the second study, similar groups of @entity1 were treated with either @entity8 , insulin, or @entity7 . Sciatic NCV was lower in the untreated @entity0 @entity1 than in the nondiabetic @entity1 (P less than .001). In @entity0 @entity1 treated with the ARI and in those treated with insulin, NCV was greater than in the untreated @entity0 @entity1 (P less than .05 and P less than .001, respectively) and was not significantly different from the nondiabetic @entity1 . NCV in the @entity7 -treated @entity1 was not significantly different from that in the untreated @entity0 @entity1 . @entity3 was assessed by measuring the decline in sciatic nerve action potential amplitude at minute intervals after death.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of @entity4 reductase inhibition on nerve conduction velocity and @entity3 in experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: To date there is no agreement as to what is the optimal concentration for @entity1 -based contrast agents (GBCAs). PURPOSE: To assess whether diagnostic performance differences exist between 0.5   M and 1.0   M GBCAs used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A PubMed literature search identified 21 clinical studies published between 2005 and 2013 which evaluated the diagnostic efficacy of both types of GBCAs. Study design, type of procedure, GBCA administration mode, imaging performances, impact on @entity0 management, study limitations, and biases were analyzed. No statistical test was performed on pooled data. RESULTS: Sixteen comparative and five non-comparative studies were analyzed, involving 2183 @entity0 who underwent MRI procedures for various indications. In 67% of the studies, 0.5   M and 1.0   M GBCAs were injected at equimolar @entity1 amounts per kg body weight. Only 33% applied the same molar flow rate for delivery of the GBCAs. No significant differences between GBCAs were reported for 23 out of 27 qualitative endpoints (mainly image quality, lesion, and vessel visualization) and 29 out of 40 quantitative endpoints. Three out of four studies with non-equimolar delivery rates showed better contrast-to-noise and signal-to-noise ratios for 1.0   M @entity2 , without showing an impact on diagnostic performance. Methodological biases were identified in several studies impairing the interpretation of comparisons. CONCLUSION: Imaging differences between 0.5   M and 1.0   M GBCAs were essentially observed under non-equimolar delivery rates. However, they did not result into greater diagnostic efficacy when performed under equimolar conditions.

title: Effects of XXXX -based contrast agent concentrations (0.5   M or 1.0   M) on the diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging examinations: systematic review of the literature.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: Evidence from @entity1 ( @entity1 ) evaluating possible benefits of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) for acute @entity3 has shown conflicting results. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to systematically examine clinical outcomes in @entity1 comparing the use of intravenous (IV) fibrinolysis alone to IV fibrinolysis plus @entity2 , for the treatment of acute @entity3 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We selected English language @entity1 , comparing @entity2 plus IV tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) (if eligible) with IV tPA alone in eligible @entity0 for the treatment of acute @entity3 . The primary endpoint was good functional outcome [modified Rankin Scale (mRS) of 0-2]. Other major endpoints of interest were all-cause mortality and symptomatic @entity5 (sICH). The meta-analysis included 8 @entity1 that randomized 2423 @entity0 with large-vessel, anterior-circulation @entity3 . @entity2 significantly improved the rate of functional independence (90-day mRS of 0-2) when compared with IV fibrinolysis [odds ratio (OR) 1.73, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.18-2.53, number needed to treat (NNT) = 9.3]. The all-cause mortality was lower with @entity2 compared with the control group; however, the result did not reach statistical significance (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.68-1.15). The rate of sICH was not higher with @entity2 (OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.73-1.56). Analyses from only the recent trials (reported in 2014-15) showed further benefit (OR of mRS 0-2: 2.42, 95% CI 1.91-3.08, NNT = 5) with similar safety results. CONCLUSION: In centres with advanced systems of @entity3 care, @entity2 significantly improved functional outcomes (without compromising safety) in @entity0 with acute @entity3 due to anterior circulation, large @entity4 , compared with standard therapy.

title: Endovascular therapy for acute XXXX : a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with uncomplicated type B aortic dissections who are managed medically are at risk of aortic @entity2 over time. However, the effect of improvement in antihypertensive medications and stricter blood pressure control is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine the rate of @entity2 in a contemporary cohort of @entity0 with medically treated type B dissection. METHODS: Included were all @entity0 with acute uncomplicated type B aortic dissection who were initially managed medically between March 1999 and March 2011 and had follow-up axial imaging studies. Maximum aortic growth was calculated by comparing the initial imaging study to the most current scan or imaging obtained just before any aortic-related intervention. An increase of >= 5  mm was the threshold considered as aortic growth. Predictors of aortic @entity2 were determined using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: We identified 200 @entity0 (61% @entity0 ) with medically managed acute type B dissections receiving multiple imaging studies. @entity0 were an average age of 63.4  years, and 75.5% had a history of @entity1 . Mean follow-up was 5.3  years (range, 0.1-14.7  years). Mean time between the initial and final imaging studies was 3.2  years (range, 0.1-12.9  years). At 5  years, only 51% were free from aortic growth. Fifty-six @entity0 (28%) required operative intervention (50 open, 6 endovascular repair) for @entity2 , and the actuarial 5-year freedom from intervention was 76%. After excluding five @entity0 (2.5%) with early rapid degeneration requiring intervention within the first 2  weeks, the mean rate of aortic growth was 12.3  mm/y for the total aortic diameter, 3.8  mm/y for the true lumen diameter, and 8.6  mm/y for the false lumen diameter. Only aortic diameter at index presentation >3.5  cm was a risk factor for future growth (odds ratio, 2.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.34-4.81; P  < .01). Complete @entity3 of the false lumen was protective against growth (odds ratio, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.42; P  < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Although medical management of uncomplicated acute, type B aortic dissections has been the standard of care, at 5  years, a significant number of @entity0 will require operative intervention for @entity2 . Further studies of early intervention (eg, thoracic endovascular aortic repair) for type B aortic dissection to prevent late @entity2 formation are needed.

title: XXXX after medical management of type B aortic dissections.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 represents a life-threatening disorder necessitating recruitment of defence mechanisms for survival. Herein, the @entity3 is essential. However, the relevance of a relative insufficiency of the @entity3 in @entity4 , which is diagnosed by a suppressed @entity2 response to exogenous @entity5 ( @entity5 ) irrespective of the plasma @entity2 concentration, is controversial. Findings from several studies have provided insights that clarify at least part of this controversy. Rather than an activated @entity3 , @entity5 -independent regulators have been reported to contribute to increased @entity2 availability during @entity4 . One of these regulators is reduced @entity2 breakdown, mediated by suppressed expression and activity of @entity2 metabolising enzymes in the liver and kidneys. This downstream mechanism increases concentrations of plasma @entity2 , but the ensuing feedback-inhibited @entity5 release, when sustained for more than 1 week, has been shown to negatively affect adrenocortical integrity and function. Reduced adrenocortical @entity5 signalling could explain reduced @entity2 responses to exogenous @entity5 . Whether such reduced @entity2 responses in the presence of raised plasma (free) @entity2 identifies @entity1 needing treatment is unlikely. Additionally, reduced @entity2 breakdown affects the optimum dose of @entity2 treatment during @entity4 . Identification of @entity0 with an insufficient @entity3 response and the optimum treatment for this disorder clearly need more well designed preclinical and clinical studies.

title: New insights into the controversy of adrenal function during XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The relationship between @entity3 and @entity2 's effects on social behavior within established groups of squirrel monkeys was studied. Consistent behavioral differences between dominant and subordinate monkeys were quantitatively measured using computer assisted, continuous measurement techniques. Blood samples collected during the mating season revealed plasma @entity3 measures of 202.9 +/- 13.4 ng/ml in dominant monkeys and 28 +/- 6.2 ng/ml in subordinate monkeys. @entity2 (0.1-1.0 g/kg, PO) produced a dose-related decrease of @entity3 levels in dominant monkeys. Concurrently, @entity2 produced biphasic effects on the behavior of dominant but not subordinate monkeys; low doses (0.1, 0.3 g/kg) increased the frequency of threats, grasps, and displacements. Subordinate monkeys were not affected at any dose. During the non-mating season, plasma levels of @entity3 fell to 55.2 +/- 23.7 ng/ml in dominant monkeys and 7.3 +/- 1.7 ng/ml in subordinate monkeys. Plasma @entity3 and the social behavior of both dominant and subordinate monkeys were unaffected by @entity2 . These findings provide further evidence of a specific association between @entity2 , @entity3 and aggression in the non- @entity0 primate. High levels of @entity3 that are evident during the mating season of dominant, male squirrel monkeys may activate @entity2 sensitive brain substrates of @entity1 .

title: Androgen dependency of XXXX effects on @entity1 : a seasonal rhythm in high-ranking squirrel monkeys.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The relationship between @entity3 and @entity2 's effects on social behavior within established groups of squirrel monkeys was studied. Consistent behavioral differences between dominant and subordinate monkeys were quantitatively measured using computer assisted, continuous measurement techniques. Blood samples collected during the mating season revealed plasma @entity3 measures of 202.9 +/- 13.4 ng/ml in dominant monkeys and 28 +/- 6.2 ng/ml in subordinate monkeys. @entity2 (0.1-1.0 g/kg, PO) produced a dose-related decrease of @entity3 levels in dominant monkeys. Concurrently, @entity2 produced biphasic effects on the behavior of dominant but not subordinate monkeys; low doses (0.1, 0.3 g/kg) increased the frequency of threats, grasps, and displacements. Subordinate monkeys were not affected at any dose. During the non-mating season, plasma levels of @entity3 fell to 55.2 +/- 23.7 ng/ml in dominant monkeys and 7.3 +/- 1.7 ng/ml in subordinate monkeys. Plasma @entity3 and the social behavior of both dominant and subordinate monkeys were unaffected by @entity2 . These findings provide further evidence of a specific association between @entity2 , @entity3 and aggression in the non- @entity0 primate. High levels of @entity3 that are evident during the mating season of dominant, male squirrel monkeys may activate @entity2 sensitive brain substrates of @entity1 .

title: Androgen dependency of @entity2 effects on XXXX : a seasonal rhythm in high-ranking squirrel monkeys.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Eighty-seven @entity0 with the clinical syndrome of @entity4 were examined by M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography. @entity0 were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of echocardiographically detected vegetative lesions. Group 1 consisted of 47 @entity0 with one or more @entity1 . Group 2 consisted of 40 @entity0 without evidence of @entity1 . Group 1 @entity0 had a higher rate of complications: emboli, @entity3 and the need for surgical intervention. Analysis of morphologic characteristics of the @entity1 in group 1 was of no predictive @entity2 in individual @entity0 . Two-thirds of the @entity1 persisted unaltered well beyond the period of bacteriologic cure without significant complications. No characteristic alteration of the @entity1 predicted the efficacy of medical therapy. Although the detection of @entity1 by echocardiography in @entity0 with the clinical syndrome of @entity4 clearly identifies a subgroup at risk for complications, decisions regarding clinical management made solely on the basis of the presence or absence of vegetative lesions are hazardous. Management of such @entity0 must continue to be based on the clinical integration of multiple factors.

title: Echocardiographic documentation of vegetative lesions in XXXX : clinical implications.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) induce the formation of @entity6 @entity3 and intestinal ulcers in experimental animals. The damage can be prevented by prior local administration of @entity9 , indicating that @entity9 have protective properties on the @entity2 . The protective effect was studied in @entity0 by measuring the fecal @entity1 during @entity10 treatment of 18 @entity0 with @entity7 with and without concomitant oral supplementation with 1 mg @entity8 three times daily. The study had a randomized double-blind crossover design using 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes as marker of @entity4 . @entity10 increased the daily fecal @entity1 from 1.0 +/- 0.3 to 2.8 +/- 0.6 ml (P less than 0.005). When oral @entity8 was taken concomitantly, the @entity1 was reduced to 1.1 +/- 0.2 ml daily (P less than 0.01), i.e., to the control level. Side effects of @entity8 were negligible, and the beneficial effect of @entity10 on joint status and symptoms was not interfered with. No changes were recorded in repeated blood tests except for a slightly reduced hemoglobin and a small but statistically significant reduction of serum- @entity5 during @entity10 treatment, an effect hitherto not described in normocalcemic @entity0 subjects. A protective effect on the @entity2 by oral @entity8 has by the present study been demonstrated also in @entity0 . The protection is unrelated to the @entity3 acid secretion, which is not inhibited by oral @entity8 . The finding may have clinical application, as gastrointestinal side effects and @entity6 are common reasons for discontinuation of NSAID in @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: Protective effect of @entity8 in the gastrointestinal tract during XXXX treatment of @entity7 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) induce the formation of @entity6 @entity3 and intestinal ulcers in experimental animals. The damage can be prevented by prior local administration of @entity9 , indicating that @entity9 have protective properties on the @entity2 . The protective effect was studied in @entity0 by measuring the fecal @entity1 during @entity10 treatment of 18 @entity0 with @entity7 with and without concomitant oral supplementation with 1 mg @entity8 three times daily. The study had a randomized double-blind crossover design using 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes as marker of @entity4 . @entity10 increased the daily fecal @entity1 from 1.0 +/- 0.3 to 2.8 +/- 0.6 ml (P less than 0.005). When oral @entity8 was taken concomitantly, the @entity1 was reduced to 1.1 +/- 0.2 ml daily (P less than 0.01), i.e., to the control level. Side effects of @entity8 were negligible, and the beneficial effect of @entity10 on joint status and symptoms was not interfered with. No changes were recorded in repeated blood tests except for a slightly reduced hemoglobin and a small but statistically significant reduction of serum- @entity5 during @entity10 treatment, an effect hitherto not described in normocalcemic @entity0 subjects. A protective effect on the @entity2 by oral @entity8 has by the present study been demonstrated also in @entity0 . The protection is unrelated to the @entity3 acid secretion, which is not inhibited by oral @entity8 . The finding may have clinical application, as gastrointestinal side effects and @entity6 are common reasons for discontinuation of NSAID in @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: Protective effect of XXXX in the gastrointestinal tract during @entity10 treatment of @entity7 .

answer: @entity8