abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychological profile of @entity1 @entity0 is not well studied in Iran. We investigated the psychological status of Iranian @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and its relationship with disease activity and quality of life (QOL). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on adult @entity2 @entity0 . The Lichtiger Colitis Activity Index, Hospital @entity3 and @entity4 Scale, General Health Questionnaire-12, and WHOQOL-BREF, were completed by the @entity0 . RESULTS: From 120 studied @entity0 , 35 (29.2%), 48 (40.0%), and 46 (38.3%) had significant @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity5 , respectively. @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity5 were strongly correlated with disease activity (r = 0.357 to 0.439, P < 0.01). Disease activity was negatively correlated with all QOL dimensions (r = -0.245 to -0.550, P < 0.01). @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity5 were also negatively correlated with all QOL domains (r = -0.356 to -0.789, P < 0.01). In the regression models, @entity3 was independently associated with active disease (b = 4.150, P = 0.049). Furthermore, disease activity was associated with the physical health (b = -0.371, P < 0.001). For almost all of the QOL domains, @entity4 and @entity5 were independent predictors (b = -0.296 to -0.453, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity5 are highly frequent in @entity2 @entity0 of our society and are strongly associated with disease activity. @entity4 and @entity5 are important predictors of poor QOL in these @entity0 . Further prospective studies, as well as clinical trials, are warranted in this regard.

title: Psychological status in Iranian XXXX with @entity2 and its relation to disease activity and quality of life.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In this prospective randomized controlled study, we investigated the efficacy of obturator nerve block (ONB) on adductor muscle @entity6 and related short-term outcomes and complications in @entity0 who underwent transurethral resection of lateral wall-located @entity2 (TURBT). METHODS: Between July 2014 and February 2015, 70 @entity0 scheduled to undergo TUR of lateral bladder wall @entity1 were enrolled in the study. All @entity0 were preoperatively evaluated by cystoscopy and imaging tools and selected according to localized @entity1 on the lateral bladder wall. @entity0 were randomly allocated to Group SA (35 @entity0 who underwent only spinal anesthesia) and Group ONB (35 @entity0 who underwent spinal anesthesia combined with ONB by the nerve stimulator). An independent observer, blinded to the approach, evaluated the obturator signs, including adductor muscle contraction, @entity5 , and completeness of the resection during the TURBT procedure. RESULTS: The differences between groups regarding mean operation time, @entity1 size, and number were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Adductor muscle contraction was detected in 40% of @entity0 in Group SA and 11.4% in Group ONB. This difference was statistically significant (p = 0.021). @entity5 was detected in 2 @entity0 in Group SA, whereas no perforation was observed in Group ONB. There was no case of severe @entity4 in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: We found that ONB performed after spinal anesthesia was effective in preventing @entity7 due to adductor muscle @entity6 while performing TURBT. Our study limitations include its small sample size, since we only enrolled @entity0 with primary lateral wall-localized @entity2 . Also, we excluded @entity0 who underwent @entity3 .

title: Impact of nerve stimulator-guided obturator nerve block on the short-term outcomes and complications of transurethral resection of XXXX : A prospective randomized controlled study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: There have been few clinical studies on 10 mg @entity4 as a starting dosage for treatment of @entity3 in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 . This retrospective study aims to evaluate the efficacy of 10 mg dosage of @entity4 in clinical setting. METHODS: One hundred five enrolled @entity0 with high levels of low density lipoprotein @entity2 ( @entity5 , > 100 mg/dL) took 10 mg @entity4 . After 6 months, they were divided into 'Responder group' ( @entity5 < 100 mg/dL) and 'Non-responder group' ( @entity5 >=  100 mg/dL), and the response rate was calculated. Thereafter, we subdivided the 'Responder group' into Maintenance (10 mg), Reduced dosage (5 mg), and Discontinuance group (0 mg). The 'Non-Responder group' was subdivided into Maintenance (10 mg) and Double dosage group (20 mg). After consecutive 6 months, the response rates of each 10 mg Maintenance groups were compared to those of the other groups, respectively. RESULTS: Following the first 6 months, the response rate of 10 mg fixed dosage was 74.3%. In the 'Responder group', response rates of 10 mg, 5 mg and Discontinuance groups following 6 months were 52.6%, 53.1%, and 12.5%, respectively. In the 'Non-responder group', response rates of 10 mg and 20 mg groups were 28.6% and 50.0%. Baseline @entity5 levels and body mass index (BMI) of 'Responder group' were significantly lower than those of 'Non-responder group' (P = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity3 treatment with 10 mg, fixed dosage of @entity4 was effective in three quarters of the subjects during the first 6-month treatment; however, a significant number of @entity0 with high @entity5 levels and/or BMI require higher starting and maintenance dosage.

title: A retrospective study on the efficacy of a ten-milligram dosage of @entity4 for treatment of XXXX in @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: There have been few clinical studies on 10 mg @entity4 as a starting dosage for treatment of @entity3 in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 . This retrospective study aims to evaluate the efficacy of 10 mg dosage of @entity4 in clinical setting. METHODS: One hundred five enrolled @entity0 with high levels of low density lipoprotein @entity2 ( @entity5 , > 100 mg/dL) took 10 mg @entity4 . After 6 months, they were divided into 'Responder group' ( @entity5 < 100 mg/dL) and 'Non-responder group' ( @entity5 >=  100 mg/dL), and the response rate was calculated. Thereafter, we subdivided the 'Responder group' into Maintenance (10 mg), Reduced dosage (5 mg), and Discontinuance group (0 mg). The 'Non-Responder group' was subdivided into Maintenance (10 mg) and Double dosage group (20 mg). After consecutive 6 months, the response rates of each 10 mg Maintenance groups were compared to those of the other groups, respectively. RESULTS: Following the first 6 months, the response rate of 10 mg fixed dosage was 74.3%. In the 'Responder group', response rates of 10 mg, 5 mg and Discontinuance groups following 6 months were 52.6%, 53.1%, and 12.5%, respectively. In the 'Non-responder group', response rates of 10 mg and 20 mg groups were 28.6% and 50.0%. Baseline @entity5 levels and body mass index (BMI) of 'Responder group' were significantly lower than those of 'Non-responder group' (P = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity3 treatment with 10 mg, fixed dosage of @entity4 was effective in three quarters of the subjects during the first 6-month treatment; however, a significant number of @entity0 with high @entity5 levels and/or BMI require higher starting and maintenance dosage.

title: A retrospective study on the efficacy of a ten-milligram dosage of @entity4 for treatment of @entity3 in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: There have been few clinical studies on 10 mg @entity4 as a starting dosage for treatment of @entity3 in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 . This retrospective study aims to evaluate the efficacy of 10 mg dosage of @entity4 in clinical setting. METHODS: One hundred five enrolled @entity0 with high levels of low density lipoprotein @entity2 ( @entity5 , > 100 mg/dL) took 10 mg @entity4 . After 6 months, they were divided into 'Responder group' ( @entity5 < 100 mg/dL) and 'Non-responder group' ( @entity5 >=  100 mg/dL), and the response rate was calculated. Thereafter, we subdivided the 'Responder group' into Maintenance (10 mg), Reduced dosage (5 mg), and Discontinuance group (0 mg). The 'Non-Responder group' was subdivided into Maintenance (10 mg) and Double dosage group (20 mg). After consecutive 6 months, the response rates of each 10 mg Maintenance groups were compared to those of the other groups, respectively. RESULTS: Following the first 6 months, the response rate of 10 mg fixed dosage was 74.3%. In the 'Responder group', response rates of 10 mg, 5 mg and Discontinuance groups following 6 months were 52.6%, 53.1%, and 12.5%, respectively. In the 'Non-responder group', response rates of 10 mg and 20 mg groups were 28.6% and 50.0%. Baseline @entity5 levels and body mass index (BMI) of 'Responder group' were significantly lower than those of 'Non-responder group' (P = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity3 treatment with 10 mg, fixed dosage of @entity4 was effective in three quarters of the subjects during the first 6-month treatment; however, a significant number of @entity0 with high @entity5 levels and/or BMI require higher starting and maintenance dosage.

title: A retrospective study on the efficacy of a ten-milligram dosage of XXXX for treatment of @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: There have been few clinical studies on 10 mg @entity4 as a starting dosage for treatment of @entity3 in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 . This retrospective study aims to evaluate the efficacy of 10 mg dosage of @entity4 in clinical setting. METHODS: One hundred five enrolled @entity0 with high levels of low density lipoprotein @entity2 ( @entity5 , > 100 mg/dL) took 10 mg @entity4 . After 6 months, they were divided into 'Responder group' ( @entity5 < 100 mg/dL) and 'Non-responder group' ( @entity5 >=  100 mg/dL), and the response rate was calculated. Thereafter, we subdivided the 'Responder group' into Maintenance (10 mg), Reduced dosage (5 mg), and Discontinuance group (0 mg). The 'Non-Responder group' was subdivided into Maintenance (10 mg) and Double dosage group (20 mg). After consecutive 6 months, the response rates of each 10 mg Maintenance groups were compared to those of the other groups, respectively. RESULTS: Following the first 6 months, the response rate of 10 mg fixed dosage was 74.3%. In the 'Responder group', response rates of 10 mg, 5 mg and Discontinuance groups following 6 months were 52.6%, 53.1%, and 12.5%, respectively. In the 'Non-responder group', response rates of 10 mg and 20 mg groups were 28.6% and 50.0%. Baseline @entity5 levels and body mass index (BMI) of 'Responder group' were significantly lower than those of 'Non-responder group' (P = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity3 treatment with 10 mg, fixed dosage of @entity4 was effective in three quarters of the subjects during the first 6-month treatment; however, a significant number of @entity0 with high @entity5 levels and/or BMI require higher starting and maintenance dosage.

title: A retrospective study on the efficacy of a ten-milligram dosage of @entity4 for treatment of @entity3 in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 on dialysis maintain extremely low levels of physical activity. Prior studies have demonstrated a direct correlation between nutrition and physical activity but provide conflicting data on the link between @entity2 and physical activity. Using a cohort of @entity0 new to dialysis from the @entity3 ( @entity3 ), we examined associations of self-reported physical activity with laboratory markers of nutrition and @entity2 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Between June 2005 and June 2007, @entity3 collected data on self-reported physical activity, nutrition, and health-related quality of life from @entity0 starting dialysis in 296 facilities located throughout the United States. Baseline serum samples were collected from @entity0 in a nutrition sub-study of @entity3 . MEASURES: Serum albumin and prealbumin were measured as markers of nutrition, and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and a-1-acid glycoprotein as markers of @entity2 . Self-reported physical activity was characterized by the maximum activity score (MAS) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) of the @entity0 Activity Profile. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity0 in the analytic cohort (n = 201) was 61 years. The MAS and @entity5 were below the 10th and first percentile, respectively, in comparison with healthy 60 year-old norms. Both activity scores were directly correlated with albumin (r(2) = 0.3, P < .0001) and prealbumin (r(2) = 0.3, P < .0001), and inversely correlated with @entity4 ( @entity5 : r(2) = -0.2, P = .01; MAS: r(2) = -0.1, P = .08). In multivariate analyses adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, @entity1 status, and center, both activity scores were directly correlated with prealbumin and inversely correlated with @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 new to dialysis with laboratory-based evidence of @entity6 and/or @entity2 are likely to report lower levels of physical activity.

title: Association of self-reported physical activity with laboratory markers of nutrition and @entity2 : the XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 on dialysis maintain extremely low levels of physical activity. Prior studies have demonstrated a direct correlation between nutrition and physical activity but provide conflicting data on the link between @entity2 and physical activity. Using a cohort of @entity0 new to dialysis from the @entity3 ( @entity3 ), we examined associations of self-reported physical activity with laboratory markers of nutrition and @entity2 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Between June 2005 and June 2007, @entity3 collected data on self-reported physical activity, nutrition, and health-related quality of life from @entity0 starting dialysis in 296 facilities located throughout the United States. Baseline serum samples were collected from @entity0 in a nutrition sub-study of @entity3 . MEASURES: Serum albumin and prealbumin were measured as markers of nutrition, and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and a-1-acid glycoprotein as markers of @entity2 . Self-reported physical activity was characterized by the maximum activity score (MAS) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) of the @entity0 Activity Profile. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity0 in the analytic cohort (n = 201) was 61 years. The MAS and @entity5 were below the 10th and first percentile, respectively, in comparison with healthy 60 year-old norms. Both activity scores were directly correlated with albumin (r(2) = 0.3, P < .0001) and prealbumin (r(2) = 0.3, P < .0001), and inversely correlated with @entity4 ( @entity5 : r(2) = -0.2, P = .01; MAS: r(2) = -0.1, P = .08). In multivariate analyses adjusting for age, gender, race/ethnicity, @entity1 status, and center, both activity scores were directly correlated with prealbumin and inversely correlated with @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 new to dialysis with laboratory-based evidence of @entity6 and/or @entity2 are likely to report lower levels of physical activity.

title: Association of self-reported physical activity with laboratory markers of nutrition and XXXX : the @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cholecystectomy for symptomatic @entity3 is one of the common surgical procedures in the geriatric @entity0 . @entity2 wall thickness is expected due to acute @entity3 and in some other clinical conditions. Routine histopathological evaluation of cholecystectomy materials are required to confirm the diagnosis and document other pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate age-related histopathological gallbladder morphometric measurements. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 371 cholecystectomy materials was performed. Two groups were designed according to age (<65 and >= 65  years old, respectively). Age and gender analyses for histopathological gallbladder length, diameter and wall thickness were performed. In addition, pathologically confirmed acute @entity1 rates were evaluated in this case-control study. RESULTS: Gallbladder morphometric measurements and pathologically confirmed acute @entity1 rates were similar in males and females. @entity2 diameter was higher with acute inflammatory changes, but no differences were observed in gallbladder length and wall thickness. Gallbladder wall thickness and pathologically confirmed acute @entity1 rates were not comparable between the control and geriatric @entity0 (2.8      1.3 vs 2.6      1.2  mm, and 30/281 (10.7  %) vs 10/74 (13.5  %), respectively, p  >  0.05). However, higher gallbladder length and diameter were observed in geriatric group. CONCLUSION: Age is an independent factor on histopathological gallbladder length and diameter, but not for gallbladder wall thickness. In addition, pathologically confirmed acute @entity1 rate is not higher in geriatric @entity0 . Clinical significance of these findings merits further investigation.

title: XXXX morphometric measurements in geriatric @entity0 with symptomatic chronic @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cholecystectomy for symptomatic @entity3 is one of the common surgical procedures in the geriatric @entity0 . @entity2 wall thickness is expected due to acute @entity3 and in some other clinical conditions. Routine histopathological evaluation of cholecystectomy materials are required to confirm the diagnosis and document other pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate age-related histopathological gallbladder morphometric measurements. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 371 cholecystectomy materials was performed. Two groups were designed according to age (<65 and >= 65  years old, respectively). Age and gender analyses for histopathological gallbladder length, diameter and wall thickness were performed. In addition, pathologically confirmed acute @entity1 rates were evaluated in this case-control study. RESULTS: Gallbladder morphometric measurements and pathologically confirmed acute @entity1 rates were similar in males and females. @entity2 diameter was higher with acute inflammatory changes, but no differences were observed in gallbladder length and wall thickness. Gallbladder wall thickness and pathologically confirmed acute @entity1 rates were not comparable between the control and geriatric @entity0 (2.8      1.3 vs 2.6      1.2  mm, and 30/281 (10.7  %) vs 10/74 (13.5  %), respectively, p  >  0.05). However, higher gallbladder length and diameter were observed in geriatric group. CONCLUSION: Age is an independent factor on histopathological gallbladder length and diameter, but not for gallbladder wall thickness. In addition, pathologically confirmed acute @entity1 rate is not higher in geriatric @entity0 . Clinical significance of these findings merits further investigation.

title: @entity2 morphometric measurements in geriatric @entity0 with symptomatic chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cholecystectomy for symptomatic @entity3 is one of the common surgical procedures in the geriatric @entity0 . @entity2 wall thickness is expected due to acute @entity3 and in some other clinical conditions. Routine histopathological evaluation of cholecystectomy materials are required to confirm the diagnosis and document other pathologies. The aim of this study was to evaluate age-related histopathological gallbladder morphometric measurements. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 371 cholecystectomy materials was performed. Two groups were designed according to age (<65 and >= 65  years old, respectively). Age and gender analyses for histopathological gallbladder length, diameter and wall thickness were performed. In addition, pathologically confirmed acute @entity1 rates were evaluated in this case-control study. RESULTS: Gallbladder morphometric measurements and pathologically confirmed acute @entity1 rates were similar in males and females. @entity2 diameter was higher with acute inflammatory changes, but no differences were observed in gallbladder length and wall thickness. Gallbladder wall thickness and pathologically confirmed acute @entity1 rates were not comparable between the control and geriatric @entity0 (2.8      1.3 vs 2.6      1.2  mm, and 30/281 (10.7  %) vs 10/74 (13.5  %), respectively, p  >  0.05). However, higher gallbladder length and diameter were observed in geriatric group. CONCLUSION: Age is an independent factor on histopathological gallbladder length and diameter, but not for gallbladder wall thickness. In addition, pathologically confirmed acute @entity1 rate is not higher in geriatric @entity0 . Clinical significance of these findings merits further investigation.

title: @entity2 morphometric measurements in geriatric XXXX with symptomatic chronic @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To measure the magnitude and direction of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) rates of change in @entity3 @entity0 after intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction with trabeculectomy. DESIGN: Retrospective, comparative, longitudinal cohort study. @entity0 : @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: @entity0 who underwent trabeculectomy (Trab) with @entity5 (74 eyes of 64 @entity0 ) with  >= 4  reliable @entity1 measurements before and after trabeculectomy and at least 4 years of follow-up before and after surgery were included. Decay or improvement exponential models were used to calculate pointwise rates of perimetric change before and after surgery. A separate comparison (Comp) group with unoperated @entity3 (71 eyes of 65 @entity0 ) with similar baseline damage, number of @entity1 tests, and follow-up was used to address possible regression to the mean. Proportions of @entity1 locations decaying or improving before and after surgery in the Trab group, and during the first and second halves of follow-up in the Comp group, were calculated. A  multivariate analysis was used to explore variables associated with @entity1 improvement. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The rate of pointwise @entity1 change before and after surgery in the Trab group and Comp group. RESULTS: @entity0 in the Trab group were followed for 5.1  2.1 years (mean    standard deviation) before and 5.4  2.3 years after surgery, with 8.9  4.7 @entity1 tests before and 9.0  4.4 @entity1 tests after surgery. The mean rate of change for all @entity1 locations slowed from  -2.5  9.3%/year before surgery to  -0.10  13.1%/year after surgery (P  <  0.001). In the Trab group, 70% of locations decayed and 30% improved preoperatively; postoperatively, 56% decayed and 44% improved. The differences between the Trab and Comp groups were significant (P  <  0.0001, chi-square test). The magnitude of IOP reduction correlated with the excess number of @entity1 locations that exhibited long-term improvement postoperatively (P  = 0.009). In the Trab group, 57% of eyes had >= 10 improving @entity1 locations postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that trabeculectomy slows the rate of perimetric decay and provides evidence of sustained, long-term improvement of visual function in @entity3 . These findings suggest the possibility of reversal of @entity2 of @entity4 and their central projections.

title: Trabeculectomy Can Improve Long-Term Visual Function in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: to evaluate and indicate the procedure to be followed in the health unit, both for diagnosis and the treatment of acute exogenous intoxications by @entity8 or @entity2 . METHODS: a descriptive study based on retrospective analysis of the clinical history of @entity0 diagnosed with intoxication by @entity8 or @entity2 admitted at the emergency unit of the Hospital de Urg  ncias de Sergipe Governador Jo  o Alves (HUSE) between January and December of 2012. Some criteria were evaluated, such as: intoxicating agent; @entity0 's age and gender; place of event, cause, circumstances and severity of the intoxication; as well as signs and symptoms of the muscarinic, nicotinic and neurological effects. RESULTS: seventy @entity0 (average age: 25  19.97) formed the study's population. It was observed that 77.14% of them suffered @entity3 intoxication. However, @entity7 intoxications were more severe, with 68.75% of @entity0 presenting moderate to severe forms. Suicide attempt was the leading cause of @entity6 , with 62 cases (88.57% of total). @entity4 administration was an effective therapeutic approach for treating signs and symptoms, which included @entity5 (p=0.0006), @entity1 (p=0. 0029) and emesis (p lt0.0001). The use of activated charcoal was shown effective, both in combating the signs and symptoms presented by both @entity0 groups (p <0.0001). CONCLUSION: it is concluded that the use of @entity4 and activated @entity9 is highly effective to treat the signs and symptoms developed by @entity0 presenting acute exogenous intoxication by @entity8 or @entity2 .

title: Management of exogenous intoxication by XXXX and @entity2 at an emergency unit.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVES: to evaluate and indicate the procedure to be followed in the health unit, both for diagnosis and the treatment of acute exogenous intoxications by @entity8 or @entity2 . METHODS: a descriptive study based on retrospective analysis of the clinical history of @entity0 diagnosed with intoxication by @entity8 or @entity2 admitted at the emergency unit of the Hospital de Urg  ncias de Sergipe Governador Jo  o Alves (HUSE) between January and December of 2012. Some criteria were evaluated, such as: intoxicating agent; @entity0 's age and gender; place of event, cause, circumstances and severity of the intoxication; as well as signs and symptoms of the muscarinic, nicotinic and neurological effects. RESULTS: seventy @entity0 (average age: 25  19.97) formed the study's population. It was observed that 77.14% of them suffered @entity3 intoxication. However, @entity7 intoxications were more severe, with 68.75% of @entity0 presenting moderate to severe forms. Suicide attempt was the leading cause of @entity6 , with 62 cases (88.57% of total). @entity4 administration was an effective therapeutic approach for treating signs and symptoms, which included @entity5 (p=0.0006), @entity1 (p=0. 0029) and emesis (p lt0.0001). The use of activated charcoal was shown effective, both in combating the signs and symptoms presented by both @entity0 groups (p <0.0001). CONCLUSION: it is concluded that the use of @entity4 and activated @entity9 is highly effective to treat the signs and symptoms developed by @entity0 presenting acute exogenous intoxication by @entity8 or @entity2 .

title: Management of exogenous intoxication by @entity8 and XXXX at an emergency unit.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Surgical techniques for the management of @entity1 include cheilectomy, Keller resection arthroplasty, arthrodesis, Silastic implantation, phalangeal or metatarsal osteotomy, capsular arthroplasty, partial or total joint replacement, interposition arthroplasty. However, the optimal management is controversial. SOURCES OF DATA: We performed a comprehensive search of CINAHL, Embase, Medline and the Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials, from inception of the database to 2 November 2010. Sixty-nine articles published in peer reviewed journals were included in this comprehensive review. AREAS OF AGREEMENT: Cheilectomy and first metatarsal or phalangeal corrective osteotomy may provide better outcome for @entity0 with early and intermediate @entity1 (Stages I-II), while arthrodesis or arthroplasty are indicated to manage more severe conditions. The Coleman Methodology Score showed great heterogeneity in terms of study design, @entity0 characteristics, management methods and outcome assessment and generally low methodological quality. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY: Definitive conclusions on the use of these techniques for routine management of @entity0 with @entity1 are not possible. Given the limitations of the published literature, especially the extensive clinical heterogeneity, it is not possible to compare outcomes of @entity0 undergoing different surgical procedures and determine clear guidelines. GROWING POINTS: To assess whether benefits from surgery, validated and standardized measures should be used to compare the outcomes of @entity0 undergoing standard surgical procedures. RESEARCH: There is a need to perform appropriately powered randomized clinical trials of using standard diagnostic assessment, common and validated scoring system comparing reported outcomes and duration of follow-up >2 years.

title: Quantitative review of operative management of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity5 has not been well studied in @entity0 undergoing surgery for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate whether @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an important determinant of survival following surgery for @entity4 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : A total of 369 consecutive @entity0 underwent surgery for locoregional @entity4 from 2003 to 2008. @entity5 was defined as meeting one of the following criteria: body mass index <18.5 kg/m(2), albumin <3.5 g/dl, or preoperative @entity2 >=  5% of body weight. INTERVENTION: All @entity0 underwent radical or partial nephrectomy. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes were overall and disease-specific mortality. Covariates included age, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), @entity3 , @entity1 stage, Fuhrman grade, and lymph node status. Multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Mortality rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Eighty-five @entity0 (23%) were categorized as @entity5 . Three-year overall and disease-specific survival were 58.5% and 80.4% in the @entity5 cohort compared with 85.4% and 94.7% in controls, respectively (p<0.001). @entity5 remained a significant predictor of overall mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.41, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-4.18) and disease-specific mortality (HR: 2.76; 95% CI, 1.17-6.50) after correcting for age, CCI, @entity3 , stage, grade, and nodal status. This study is limited by its retrospective nature. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is associated with higher mortality in @entity0 undergoing surgery for locoregional @entity4 , independent of key clinical and pathologic factors. Given this mortality risk, it may be important to address nutritional status preoperatively and counsel @entity0 appropriately.

title: Preoperative nutritional status is an important predictor of survival in @entity0 undergoing surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of @entity5 has not been well studied in @entity0 undergoing surgery for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate whether @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an important determinant of survival following surgery for @entity4 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : A total of 369 consecutive @entity0 underwent surgery for locoregional @entity4 from 2003 to 2008. @entity5 was defined as meeting one of the following criteria: body mass index <18.5 kg/m(2), albumin <3.5 g/dl, or preoperative @entity2 >=  5% of body weight. INTERVENTION: All @entity0 underwent radical or partial nephrectomy. MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes were overall and disease-specific mortality. Covariates included age, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), @entity3 , @entity1 stage, Fuhrman grade, and lymph node status. Multivariate analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Mortality rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Eighty-five @entity0 (23%) were categorized as @entity5 . Three-year overall and disease-specific survival were 58.5% and 80.4% in the @entity5 cohort compared with 85.4% and 94.7% in controls, respectively (p<0.001). @entity5 remained a significant predictor of overall mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.41, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.40-4.18) and disease-specific mortality (HR: 2.76; 95% CI, 1.17-6.50) after correcting for age, CCI, @entity3 , stage, grade, and nodal status. This study is limited by its retrospective nature. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is associated with higher mortality in @entity0 undergoing surgery for locoregional @entity4 , independent of key clinical and pathologic factors. Given this mortality risk, it may be important to address nutritional status preoperatively and counsel @entity0 appropriately.

title: Preoperative nutritional status is an important predictor of survival in XXXX undergoing surgery for @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Hedgehog proteins exert critical roles in embryogenesis and require heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HS-PGs) for action. Indian hedgehog (Ihh) is produced by prehypertrophic chondrocytes in developing long bones and regulates chondrocyte proliferation and other events, but it is not known whether it requires HS-PGs for function. Because the HS-PG @entity3 is preferentially expressed by proliferating chondrocytes, we tested whether it mediates Ihh action. Primary @entity2 chondrocyte cultures were treated with recombinant Ihh (rIhh-N) in absence or presence of heparinase I or @entity3 neutralizing antibodies. While rIhh-N stimulated proliferation in control cultures, it failed to do so in heparinase- or antibody-treated cultures. In reciprocal gain-of-function studies, chondrocytes were made to overexpress @entity3 by an RCAS viral vector. Cells became more responsive to rIhh-N, but even this response was counteracted by heparinase or antibody treatment. To complement the in vitro data, RCAS viral particles were microinjected in day 4-5 @entity2 wing buds and effects of @entity3 misexpression were monitored over time. @entity3 misexpression led to widespread chondrocyte proliferation and, interestingly, broader expression and distribution of Ihh. In addition, the @entity3 misexpressing skeletal elements were short, remained @entity0 , lacked osteogenesis, and exhibited a markedly reduced expression of collagen X and osteopontin, products characteristic of @entity1 chondrocytes and bone cells. The data are the first to indicate that Ihh action in chondrocyte proliferation involves @entity3 and to identify a specific member of the syndecan family as mediator of hedgehog function.

title: Indian hedgehog and syndecans-3 coregulate chondrocyte proliferation and function during XXXX limb skeletogenesis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of the practice setting on diagnostic accuracy of fractional exhaled @entity3 (FENO) for diagnosing @entity2 ; and to develop prediction rules for diagnostic decision-making including clinical signs and symptoms (CSS). SETTING: @entity0 from 10 general practices and 1 private practice of 5 pneumologists in ambulatory care. @entity0 : 553 @entity0 , 57.9% female. Consecutive inclusion of diagnostic-naive @entity0 suspected of suffering from @entity4 . Exclusion criteria were @entity5 within the last 6   weeks. INTERVENTIONS: The index test was FENO measurement. Reference standard was the Tiffeneau ratio (forced expiratory volume in 1   s/vital capacity) or airway resistance as assessed by whole body plethysmography, with additional bronchoprovocation or bronchodilator testing. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Asthma as determined by pneumologists, who were blind to FENO measurement results. Prediction rules were derived from multiple logistic regression analysis. A freely available calculator that allows computing all combinations was developed. RESULTS: The practice setting only had minor influence on sensitivities of FENO cut-off points. In the final model (n=472), @entity6 , wheezing and previous medication were positively associated with @entity2 . Increasing age and recurrent @entity5 were negatively associated. The area under the curve (AUC) of FENO (AUC=0.650; 95% CI 0.599 to 0.701) increased significantly (p<0.0001) when combined with CSS (AUC=0.753; 95% CI 0.707 to 0.798). Presence of wheezing and @entity6 allowed ruling in @entity2 with FENO >30   ppb. Ruling out with FENO <16   ppb in @entity0 <43   years was only possible without @entity1 when recurrent @entity5 were present. CONCLUSIONS: FENO results should be interpreted in the context of CSS to enhance their diagnostic value in primary care. The final diagnostic model appears as a sound algorithm fitting well to the established diagnostic rules related to CSS of @entity2 . FENO appears more effective for ruling in @entity2 than for ruling it out.

title: Influence of the practice setting on diagnostic prediction rules using FENO measurement in combination with clinical signs and symptoms of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of non-surgical applications of diode laser (940 nm) on the cell proliferation and mRNA expressions of type I collagen and growth factors in @entity0 gingival fibroblasts (GF). Gingival fibroblasts were isolated from @entity0 gingival connective tissue of systemically healthy individuals. Cells were treated with different laser parameters as follows; (1) Infected pocket setting (power: 2 W, pulse interval: 1 ms, pulse length: 1 ms, 20 s/cm(2)); (2) Perio-pocket setting (power: 1.5 W, pulse interval: 20 ms, pulse length: 20 ms, 20 s/cm(2)); and (3) Biostimulation setting (power: 0.3 W in continuous wave, 20 s/cm(2)). Proliferation of GF was evaluated after different laser applications using a real-time cell analyzer. Total RNA was isolated on day 2 and cDNA synthesis was performed. Type I collagen, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), vascular endothelial growth factor ( @entity1 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) mRNA expressions were determined with quantitative RT-PCR. In a proliferation experiment, no significant differences were observed in the different laser applications when compared to the control group. Statistically significant increases in IGF, @entity1 , and @entity2 mRNA expressions were noted in the laser groups when compared to the untreated control group (p < 0.05). A significant increase in collagen type I mRNA expression was noted in only biostimulation set-up of diode laser (p < 0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that non-surgical laser applications modulate behavior of gingival fibroblasts inducing growth factors mRNA expressions and these applications can be used to improve periodontal wound healing.

title: Effects of different setting of diode laser on the mRNA expression of growth factors and type I collagen of XXXX gingival fibroblasts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery may have a profound effect on @entity0 ' health-related quality of life (QOL). To be optimally useful, trials that seek to guide clinical decision making should measure outcomes that are important to @entity0 and report the results in a clinically meaningful way. We sought to explore how researchers currently measure and interpret QOL in surgical trials, using @entity1 as a case study. METHOD: We performed a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of @entity1 surgery published between 1966 and 2009 that included at least one @entity0 -reported outcome (PRO). Investigators assessed trial eligibility and extracted data in duplicate using standardized forms, then resolved disagreements by consensus. RESULTS: Our search identified 87 RCTs of @entity1 surgery, of which 11 (13%) included at least one PRO. Ten RCTs measured one or more validated PROs, although six also included ad hoc measures. All manuscripts presented the results as raw scores and nine of the 11 trials identified a statistical difference between groups. All 11 manuscripts prominently reported the PRO results in the abstracts and conclusions, but only one discussed the clinical significance of the differences between groups. CONCLUSIONS: Most RCTs of @entity1 surgery do not include measures of QOL and those that do suffer from important limitations. RCTs would be more useful to surgeons and @entity0 if authors measured PROs and utilized existing approaches to present the results of PROs in ways that provide an intuitive sense of the magnitude of effects.

title: Measurement and interpretation of XXXX -reported outcomes in surgery: an opportunity for improvement.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of a new automated refractor (HRK-8000A) using the Hartmann-Shack sensor in eyes with previous corneal refractive surgery or intraocular lens (IOLs) implantation. SETTING: Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea. DESIGN: Retrospective nonrandomized clinical study. METHODS: @entity2 were evaluated after more than 1 month postoperatively. Subjective @entity2 were obtained by the same practitioner. @entity2 were obtained with the Hartmann-Shack sensor refractor and a conventional refractor (KR  8800). RESULTS: There were 121 eyes (121 @entity0 ) with previous corneal refractive surgery and 122 eyes (122 @entity0 ) with previous @entity1 surgery. The results of @entity2 measured by the Hartmann-Shack sensor refractor were more similar to subjective refraction than those measured by the conventional refractor in both groups. In both groups, the mean spherical equivalent (SE) for the subjective refraction showed better agreement with the automated refraction measured by  the Hartmann-Shack sensor refractor (limits of agreement [LoA], -0.66 to +0.65 diopters [D] and -0.47 to +0.41 D, respectively) than the automated refraction measured by the conventional refractor (LoA, -1.66 to +0.58 D and -1.34 to +0.60 D, respectively). In both groups, the Jackson cross-cylinder at axis 0 degrees and 45 degrees from the automated refraction by the Hartmann-Shack sensor refractor and conventional refractor showed similar agreement with the subjective refraction. CONCLUSION: The Hartmann-Shack sensor automated refractor gave reliable and valid objective refraction results in @entity0 who have had @entity1 or corneal refractive surgery. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Accuracy of an automated refractor using a  Hartmann-Shack sensor after corneal refractive surgery and XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complications of acute @entity2 treatment are considered to negatively influence outcome, but the relevance of these effects is largely unknown. PURPOSE: The Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) was used to determine level of disability in @entity0 with minimally invasive surgical @entity2 repair with a complicated postoperative course. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: The charts of 340 consecutive @entity0 treated for an acute @entity2 by minimally invasive surgical repair were reviewed. Complications were categorized as rerupture, severe @entity3 , @entity1 , and other. Level of disability was evaluated by the 10-item ATRS with a sum score of minimum 0 to maximum 100 points. RESULTS: A total of 211 @entity0 returned a completed questionnaire: mean follow-up was 6.2 years (range, 3-10 years). Mean ATRS for all 211 @entity0 was 84 (95% confidence interval: 82, 87). The mean ATRS for the 135 (64%) uncomplicated cases was 89 of 100 points, 71 points for the 17 (8%) @entity0 with a rerupture (95% confidence interval: 63, 79; P < .0001), 79 points for the 41 @entity0 (19%) with a @entity1 (95% confidence interval: 74, 85; P = .0008), and 75 points for the 17 @entity0 (8%) with another complication (95% confidence interval: 67, 83; P = .001). Of these other complications, 13 @entity0 (6%) suffered a wound-healing complication considered minor. Their average ATRS score was 80 points (95% confidence interval: 71, 88.7; P = .0445). One @entity0 suffered a severe @entity3 as well, scoring 28 of 100 points. Rerupture significantly increased the risk of quitting or changing sport participation on the long term. CONCLUSION: Long-term outcome after minimally invasive @entity2 repair is excellent. Rerupture and severe @entity3 are the most important complications with lasting negative effect on outcome. It justifies the use of rerupture as a relevant outcome measure in treatment evaluation.

title: Effect of complications after minimally invasive surgical repair of acute achilles tendon XXXX : report on 211 cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency (RF) ablation for hepatic metastases from @entity3 ( @entity3 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database was performed between February 2002 and November 2010 and identified 29 @entity0 with GISTs (18 male; age range, 35-77 y; median age, 61 y) who had undergone ultrasound-guided RF ablation for metastases detected in the liver. All @entity0 had been treated with @entity4 . Indications for RF ablation were @entity1 progression during medical therapy or the development of drug resistance after @entity1 control. The average number of target lesions per procedure was 2.3 (range, 1-8), and mean lesion diameter was 1.3 cm (range, 0.4-3.6 cm). RESULTS: For 69 lesions among 86 hepatic metastases, RF ablation was successfully performed according to the protocol currently in use. In 17 hepatic metastases in 13 @entity0 , RF ablation was not performed because of poor lesion visibility or possible thermal damage to adjacent organs. Major complications included @entity2 at the ablation site in one @entity0 and peritoneal seeding near the ablation tract in another @entity0 . Technical effectiveness was achieved for 66 of 69 lesions (95.6%). The median follow-up period was 33.1 months (range, 12.3-108.6 mo). Four of 66 lesions (6%) showed local recurrence at 3.2-10.5 months. Four @entity0 died of disease progression. The median overall survival period was 90.2 months (range, 12.3-108.6 mo). CONCLUSIONS: RF ablation appears to be a safe and effective treatment for hepatic metastases of @entity3 when medical therapy fails.

title: Safety and Efficacy of Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatic Metastases from Gastrointestinal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 (PP) has become an indispensable material in our daily lives. Annual worldwide production of PP is now more than 30000000 tons and is predicted to grow at an annual rate of about 6% during the first decade of the 21st century. Commercial production of PP began in 1957 with the use of @entity3 catalysts established by Ziegler and Natta. However, the low activities and low stereospecificities of the catalysts resulted in large amounts of catalyst residue and atactic PP in the product, necessitating steps for their removal in commercial production. As a means of finding appropriate catalysts, we developed @entity1 -supported @entity2 catalysts, which basic concept was introduction of organic compounds onto the inorganic crystal catalyst surface. This addition led to remarkable enhancements in stereospecificity with extremely high activity. Use of the new catalysts enlarged and simplified the PP production process by eliminating the steps previously required for removal of catalyst residue and atactic PP. In addition, it greatly improved the properties of the PP, enabling a much wider range of PP applications by replacing metal and engineering plastics with the highly stereoregular PP. Therefore, these catalysts helped the rapid establishment of the current PP industry and now play a major role in production. The latest @entity1 -supported @entity2 catalyst is providing precise control of the isotactic PP structure. Future expectations for this type of catalyst are to acquire a single-site nature and to contribute to the creation of a new class of hybrid materials.

title: Establishment of de facto standard catalysts in the XXXX industry.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To compare early versus delayed intravitreal @entity9 as an adjuvant in the treatment of presumed @entity2 after phacoemulsification. METHODS: @entity0 with presumed postcataract surgery @entity7 were included in this prospective, randomised, multicentre study. On admission, @entity0 received intravitreal @entity6 and @entity8 , and were randomly assigned to intravitreal @entity9 injection (early-IVB) group or no immediate injection (delayed-IVB) group. After 48   h, a second intravitreal antibiotic injection associated with intravitreal @entity9 was given to all @entity0 . In @entity0 with severe @entity7 or clinical deterioration, a prompt or delayed vitrectomy was performed. The primary outcome was the proportion of @entity0 achieving a visual acuity (VA) of 20/40 or better at 12   months. The secondary outcomes were the rate of delayed @entity3 ( @entity4 and @entity5 ). RESULTS: Ninety-seven eyes of 97 @entity0 were included, 45 in the early-IVB group and 52 in the delayed-IVB group. Overall, 62.9% of @entity0 achieved a VA >= 20/40 at 1   year. There was no statistically significant difference in the visual outcome between the two groups at 1   year, whatever their baseline VA or light perception or hand motion or more (p=0.55 and p=0.10, respectively). The rates of delayed vitrectomy, @entity4 and @entity5 bulbi were not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.42, p=0.37 and p=0.44, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Early intravitreal @entity9 had no clear advantage versus delayed injection in the management of presumed @entity1 .

title: Early versus delayed intravitreal XXXX as an adjuvant in the treatment of presumed @entity1 : a randomised trial.

answer: @entity9


abstract: AIM: To compare early versus delayed intravitreal @entity9 as an adjuvant in the treatment of presumed @entity2 after phacoemulsification. METHODS: @entity0 with presumed postcataract surgery @entity7 were included in this prospective, randomised, multicentre study. On admission, @entity0 received intravitreal @entity6 and @entity8 , and were randomly assigned to intravitreal @entity9 injection (early-IVB) group or no immediate injection (delayed-IVB) group. After 48   h, a second intravitreal antibiotic injection associated with intravitreal @entity9 was given to all @entity0 . In @entity0 with severe @entity7 or clinical deterioration, a prompt or delayed vitrectomy was performed. The primary outcome was the proportion of @entity0 achieving a visual acuity (VA) of 20/40 or better at 12   months. The secondary outcomes were the rate of delayed @entity3 ( @entity4 and @entity5 ). RESULTS: Ninety-seven eyes of 97 @entity0 were included, 45 in the early-IVB group and 52 in the delayed-IVB group. Overall, 62.9% of @entity0 achieved a VA >= 20/40 at 1   year. There was no statistically significant difference in the visual outcome between the two groups at 1   year, whatever their baseline VA or light perception or hand motion or more (p=0.55 and p=0.10, respectively). The rates of delayed vitrectomy, @entity4 and @entity5 bulbi were not significantly different between the two groups (p=0.42, p=0.37 and p=0.44, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Early intravitreal @entity9 had no clear advantage versus delayed injection in the management of presumed @entity1 .

title: Early versus delayed intravitreal @entity9 as an adjuvant in the treatment of presumed XXXX : a randomised trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare surgical outcomes of robotic radical hysterectomy (RRH) using 3 robotic arms with those of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in the treatment of @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 with stage @entity6 -IIB cervical @entity2 according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics underwent RRH between June 2006 and February 2009. @entity0 outcomes were compared with those of a historic cohort of 32 @entity0 who underwent @entity5 , who were matched for age, stage according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and type of radical surgery. RESULTS: All RRHs were completed robotically with no conversions to laparotomy. Robotic radical hysterectomy showed favorable outcomes over @entity5 in terms of the mean length of hospital stay (11.6 vs 16.9 days, P < 0.001) and the mean estimated @entity3 (220 vs 531 mL, P = 0.002). The mean operating time and the number of lymph node retrievals were comparable. There were no significant differences in the incidence of @entity4 between the 2 groups. The mean follow-up time was 15.3 months, and 2 @entity0 in the RRH group had recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy using 3 robotic arms is feasible and preferable over @entity5 for the treatment of @entity1 @entity0 . Prospective randomized trials should be completed to confirm the potential benefits associated with RRH.

title: A case-control study of robotic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy using 3 robotic arms compared with XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare surgical outcomes of robotic radical hysterectomy (RRH) using 3 robotic arms with those of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in the treatment of @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 with stage @entity6 -IIB cervical @entity2 according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics underwent RRH between June 2006 and February 2009. @entity0 outcomes were compared with those of a historic cohort of 32 @entity0 who underwent @entity5 , who were matched for age, stage according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics, and type of radical surgery. RESULTS: All RRHs were completed robotically with no conversions to laparotomy. Robotic radical hysterectomy showed favorable outcomes over @entity5 in terms of the mean length of hospital stay (11.6 vs 16.9 days, P < 0.001) and the mean estimated @entity3 (220 vs 531 mL, P = 0.002). The mean operating time and the number of lymph node retrievals were comparable. There were no significant differences in the incidence of @entity4 between the 2 groups. The mean follow-up time was 15.3 months, and 2 @entity0 in the RRH group had recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: Robotic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy using 3 robotic arms is feasible and preferable over @entity5 for the treatment of @entity1 @entity0 . Prospective randomized trials should be completed to confirm the potential benefits associated with RRH.

title: A case-control study of robotic radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy using 3 robotic arms compared with @entity5 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The survival for @entity0 with locally advanced, unresectable @entity3 receiving standard of care concomitant chemoradiation remains disappointingly low. A reduction in both local and distant recurrence is needed to improve @entity0 ' outcome. Performing molecular studies on serially collected @entity1 specimens may result in a better selection of therapeutic options. METHODS: We conducted a phase II single-institution trial of two cycles of induction chemotherapy with @entity2 and @entity5 followed by high-dose conformal radiation concomitant with weekly @entity4 and @entity5 in 39 @entity0 . The trial required a dedicated @entity1 biopsy before treatment initiation. In addition, @entity1 biopsies were requested, if safely feasible, before initiation of chemoradiation and 2 months after completion all therapy. RESULTS: Induction chemotherapy was well tolerated, and 38 @entity0 proceeded with chemoradiation. The mean delivered radiation dose was 70.2 Gy, 23 @entity0 received the full dose of 74 Gy, and 19 @entity0 completed all treatment on schedule without dose reductions or delays. Median overall and progression-free survivals were 22.7 and 14.3 months, respectively. A total of 82 procedures, including 46 transthoracic core needle biopsies, were performed. Thirteen @entity0 had all three serial @entity1 biopsies. Three of these procedures resulted in complications that required an intervention; all for the treatment of a biopsy-induced pneumothorax. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that induction @entity2 / @entity5 followed by concurrent @entity4 / @entity5 with conformal radiation to 74 Gy is safe and tolerable with promising efficacy. We demonstrated that dedicated and serial @entity1 collections are safe, feasible, and acceptable for @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Phase II trial of induction @entity2 and XXXX followed by conformal thoracic radiation to 74 Gy with weekly @entity4 and @entity5 in unresectable @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The survival for @entity0 with locally advanced, unresectable @entity3 receiving standard of care concomitant chemoradiation remains disappointingly low. A reduction in both local and distant recurrence is needed to improve @entity0 ' outcome. Performing molecular studies on serially collected @entity1 specimens may result in a better selection of therapeutic options. METHODS: We conducted a phase II single-institution trial of two cycles of induction chemotherapy with @entity2 and @entity5 followed by high-dose conformal radiation concomitant with weekly @entity4 and @entity5 in 39 @entity0 . The trial required a dedicated @entity1 biopsy before treatment initiation. In addition, @entity1 biopsies were requested, if safely feasible, before initiation of chemoradiation and 2 months after completion all therapy. RESULTS: Induction chemotherapy was well tolerated, and 38 @entity0 proceeded with chemoradiation. The mean delivered radiation dose was 70.2 Gy, 23 @entity0 received the full dose of 74 Gy, and 19 @entity0 completed all treatment on schedule without dose reductions or delays. Median overall and progression-free survivals were 22.7 and 14.3 months, respectively. A total of 82 procedures, including 46 transthoracic core needle biopsies, were performed. Thirteen @entity0 had all three serial @entity1 biopsies. Three of these procedures resulted in complications that required an intervention; all for the treatment of a biopsy-induced pneumothorax. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that induction @entity2 / @entity5 followed by concurrent @entity4 / @entity5 with conformal radiation to 74 Gy is safe and tolerable with promising efficacy. We demonstrated that dedicated and serial @entity1 collections are safe, feasible, and acceptable for @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Phase II trial of induction @entity2 and @entity5 followed by conformal thoracic radiation to 74 Gy with weekly @entity4 and XXXX in unresectable @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The survival for @entity0 with locally advanced, unresectable @entity3 receiving standard of care concomitant chemoradiation remains disappointingly low. A reduction in both local and distant recurrence is needed to improve @entity0 ' outcome. Performing molecular studies on serially collected @entity1 specimens may result in a better selection of therapeutic options. METHODS: We conducted a phase II single-institution trial of two cycles of induction chemotherapy with @entity2 and @entity5 followed by high-dose conformal radiation concomitant with weekly @entity4 and @entity5 in 39 @entity0 . The trial required a dedicated @entity1 biopsy before treatment initiation. In addition, @entity1 biopsies were requested, if safely feasible, before initiation of chemoradiation and 2 months after completion all therapy. RESULTS: Induction chemotherapy was well tolerated, and 38 @entity0 proceeded with chemoradiation. The mean delivered radiation dose was 70.2 Gy, 23 @entity0 received the full dose of 74 Gy, and 19 @entity0 completed all treatment on schedule without dose reductions or delays. Median overall and progression-free survivals were 22.7 and 14.3 months, respectively. A total of 82 procedures, including 46 transthoracic core needle biopsies, were performed. Thirteen @entity0 had all three serial @entity1 biopsies. Three of these procedures resulted in complications that required an intervention; all for the treatment of a biopsy-induced pneumothorax. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that induction @entity2 / @entity5 followed by concurrent @entity4 / @entity5 with conformal radiation to 74 Gy is safe and tolerable with promising efficacy. We demonstrated that dedicated and serial @entity1 collections are safe, feasible, and acceptable for @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Phase II trial of induction XXXX and @entity5 followed by conformal thoracic radiation to 74 Gy with weekly @entity4 and @entity5 in unresectable @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The survival for @entity0 with locally advanced, unresectable @entity3 receiving standard of care concomitant chemoradiation remains disappointingly low. A reduction in both local and distant recurrence is needed to improve @entity0 ' outcome. Performing molecular studies on serially collected @entity1 specimens may result in a better selection of therapeutic options. METHODS: We conducted a phase II single-institution trial of two cycles of induction chemotherapy with @entity2 and @entity5 followed by high-dose conformal radiation concomitant with weekly @entity4 and @entity5 in 39 @entity0 . The trial required a dedicated @entity1 biopsy before treatment initiation. In addition, @entity1 biopsies were requested, if safely feasible, before initiation of chemoradiation and 2 months after completion all therapy. RESULTS: Induction chemotherapy was well tolerated, and 38 @entity0 proceeded with chemoradiation. The mean delivered radiation dose was 70.2 Gy, 23 @entity0 received the full dose of 74 Gy, and 19 @entity0 completed all treatment on schedule without dose reductions or delays. Median overall and progression-free survivals were 22.7 and 14.3 months, respectively. A total of 82 procedures, including 46 transthoracic core needle biopsies, were performed. Thirteen @entity0 had all three serial @entity1 biopsies. Three of these procedures resulted in complications that required an intervention; all for the treatment of a biopsy-induced pneumothorax. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that induction @entity2 / @entity5 followed by concurrent @entity4 / @entity5 with conformal radiation to 74 Gy is safe and tolerable with promising efficacy. We demonstrated that dedicated and serial @entity1 collections are safe, feasible, and acceptable for @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Phase II trial of induction @entity2 and @entity5 followed by conformal thoracic radiation to 74 Gy with weekly @entity4 and @entity5 in unresectable XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The survival for @entity0 with locally advanced, unresectable @entity3 receiving standard of care concomitant chemoradiation remains disappointingly low. A reduction in both local and distant recurrence is needed to improve @entity0 ' outcome. Performing molecular studies on serially collected @entity1 specimens may result in a better selection of therapeutic options. METHODS: We conducted a phase II single-institution trial of two cycles of induction chemotherapy with @entity2 and @entity5 followed by high-dose conformal radiation concomitant with weekly @entity4 and @entity5 in 39 @entity0 . The trial required a dedicated @entity1 biopsy before treatment initiation. In addition, @entity1 biopsies were requested, if safely feasible, before initiation of chemoradiation and 2 months after completion all therapy. RESULTS: Induction chemotherapy was well tolerated, and 38 @entity0 proceeded with chemoradiation. The mean delivered radiation dose was 70.2 Gy, 23 @entity0 received the full dose of 74 Gy, and 19 @entity0 completed all treatment on schedule without dose reductions or delays. Median overall and progression-free survivals were 22.7 and 14.3 months, respectively. A total of 82 procedures, including 46 transthoracic core needle biopsies, were performed. Thirteen @entity0 had all three serial @entity1 biopsies. Three of these procedures resulted in complications that required an intervention; all for the treatment of a biopsy-induced pneumothorax. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that induction @entity2 / @entity5 followed by concurrent @entity4 / @entity5 with conformal radiation to 74 Gy is safe and tolerable with promising efficacy. We demonstrated that dedicated and serial @entity1 collections are safe, feasible, and acceptable for @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Phase II trial of induction @entity2 and @entity5 followed by conformal thoracic radiation to 74 Gy with weekly XXXX and @entity5 in unresectable @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine Reactive @entity1 Species (ROS) production in neat semen and spermatozoa suspension using chemiluminescence and to examine correlation between both methods. SUBJECT: Prospective laboratory study. SETTING: Department of Obstetric and Gynecology, University Hospital, Olomouc. METHODS: The study included fertile volunteers (FV, n = 17), @entity0 from infertile couples (NM, n = 19) and @entity0 with idiopathic @entity2 (NMI, n = 15). ROS levels were determined by the same method in neat and washed semen samples. RESULTS: The ROS production in neat semen was lower than that in spermatozoa suspension. There was no significant diference in ROS production between volunteers and males from infertile couples. There was a significant correlation between log ROS in neat semen and in spermatozoa suspension in studied groups (FV r = 0.85, p = 1.5 x 10(-5); NM r = 0.76, p < 2 x 10(-4); NMI r = 0.75, p < 1.5 x 10(-3)). CONCLUSIONS: Measurement of ROS in neat semen is simpler, faster and better reflecting the actual level of oxidative stress than the same measurement in spermatozoa suspension. The implementation of this method can complement the algorithm of diagnostics and treatment of @entity3 and be helpful in selection of patients for antioxidant or antibiotic treatment.

title: [Comparison of reactive XXXX species production in neat semen and washed spermatozoa].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Numerous organizations use performance measures to monitor the quality of care provided for a variety of clinical conditions. An appraisal of the evidence underlying such performance measures has never been reported. Our objective was to estimate the effects of interventions recommended by performance measures and to determine the quality of evidence from which those estimates derive, using the Joint Commission and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' performance measures for @entity0 ( @entity0 ) as examples. We performed systematic reviews of the literature to identify evidence related to the performance measures for @entity0 . Metaanalyses were then performed to estimate the absolute and relative effects of the interventions recommended by the performance measures. The Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation system was used to determine the quality of evidence. The estimated effects favored the interventions recommended by five of the six performance measures. These included pneumococcal vaccination (incidence of @entity2 : relative risk [RR], 0.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.75), blood cultures, antibiotic administration within 6 hours, use of a guideline-compliant antibiotic regimen, and @entity1 vaccination (incidence of symptomatic @entity1 : RR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.22-0.40). However, among these performance measures, only @entity1 vaccination was supported by high-quality evidence. One-step smoking cessation counseling was contradicted by moderate-quality evidence (smoking quit rate: RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.90-1.22). The evidence supporting performance measures is frequently not of high quality and occasionally contradictory.

title: An appraisal of the evidence underlying performance measures for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In @entity2 , although there is a lack of humoral responsiveness in vitro and in vivo, many @entity0 persistently have an increased number of B cells which continue to produce increased amounts of immunoglobulin. An objective, reproducible morphologic classification scheme for B cells was devised. Comparison of cell kinetic parameters in various disease states will require such a classification. Although not immunologically responsive to new stimuli, the marrow B cells in the @entity2 @entity0 were shown to be replicating and turning over. The latter may be due to either @entity1 in situ or to migration. Plasmacytic lymphocytes and lymphocytic plasma cells, morphologic transitions between lymphocytes and mature plasma cells, had the largest fractions in DNA synthesis. Because of their relative cell numbers, the lymphocytic plasma cells contained most of the cells in DNA synthesis. The position of plasmablasts in the sequential compartments is unclear. Only small numbers are dividing. Within a given morphologic category, large cells were more likely to be in DNA synthesis than smaller cells. These studies can serve as a basis for comparison with marrow B-cell proliferation in other disease states.

title: Cell replication in an immunologically(?) Stimulated cell population in XXXX bone marrow.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study introduces a newly designed transcatheter aortic valve system, the J-Valve system, and evaluates its application in @entity0 with predominant @entity1 without significant valve @entity3 . We also report the early results of one of the first series of transapical implantations of this device and aim to offer guidance on the technical aspects of the procedure. BACKGROUND: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has been widely used in high-risk @entity0 for surgical aortic valve replacement. However, the majority of the TAVR devices were designed for @entity2 with significant valve @entity3 . METHODS: Six @entity0 with native @entity1 without significant valve @entity3 (age, 61 to 83 years; mean age, 75.50    8.14 years) underwent transapical implantation of the J-Valve prosthesis (JieCheng Medical Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou, China), a self-expandable porcine valve, in the aortic position at our institution. All @entity0 were considered to be prohibitive or high risk for surgical valve replacement (logistic EuroSCORE [European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation], 22.15% to 44.44%; mean, 29.32    7.70%) after evaluation by an interdisciplinary heart team. Procedural and clinical outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: Implantations were successful in all @entity0 . During the follow-up period (from 31 days to 186 days, mean follow-up was 110.00    77.944 days), only 1 @entity0 had trivial prosthetic valve regurgitation, and none of these @entity0 had @entity4 of more than mild grade. There were no major post-operative complications or mortality during the follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Our study demonstrated the feasibility of transapical implantation of the J-Valve system in high-risk @entity0 with predominant @entity1 .

title: A New Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement System for Predominant XXXX Implantation of  the  J-Valve and Early Outcome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate the use of the Direct Flow Medical (DFM) transcatheter heart valve (Direct Flow Medical, Santa Rosa, California) for the treatment of noncalcific pure @entity1 ( @entity1 ). BACKGROUND: The treatment of noncalcific @entity1 has remained a relative contraindication with transcatheter heart valves due to challenges in anchoring devices in the absence of @entity2 , concerns of valve embolization, and the high risk of significant residual @entity3 . METHODS: The study population consisted of @entity0 treated for severe noncalcific pure @entity1 with transfemoral implantation of a DFM transcatheter heart valve at 6 European centers. The primary endpoint was the composite endpoint of device success and the secondary endpoint was the composite early safety endpoint (according to the VARC-2 criteria). RESULTS: Eleven high-risk (STS score 8.84    8.9, Logistic EuroSCORE 19.9    7.1) @entity0 (mean age 74.7    12.9 years) were included. Device success was achieved in all @entity0 . In 1 @entity0 , the initial valve prosthesis was retrieved after pull-through, and a second valve was successfully deployed. The early safety endpoint was reached in 91% of the @entity0 , with 1 @entity0 requiring surgical aortic valve replacement secondary to downward dislocation of the prosthesis that was successfully managed with surgical aortic valve replacement. DFM implantation resulted in excellent hemodynamics with none or trivial paravalvular regurgitation in 9 @entity0 and a transprosthetic gradient of 7.7    5.1 mm  Hg at  30-day follow up. All @entity0 derived symptomatic benefit following the procedure, with 72% in New York Heart Association functional class I or II. CONCLUSIONS: This study reports the feasibility of treating severe noncalcific @entity1 with the Direct Flow prosthesis via the transfemoral route.

title: Transfemoral Implantation of a Fully  Repositionable and Retrievable  Transcatheter Valve for Noncalcified Pure  XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The prevalence of overt @entity4 in @entity3 in the USA is about 3% treated @entity0 and about 2% in UK. Nevertheless up to 90% of @entity0 with @entity3 treated with commercial concentrates of factor VIII prepared from the blood of paid donors are seropositive to the @entity4 -associated virus LAV/HTLV III. Infection seems to have commenced in 1978 in USA and in 1980 in Europe. The accession rate to the symptomatic group is not known. Seropositivity is much lower in @entity0 treated with blood products derived from voluntarily donated blood but such @entity0 , even when seronegative, often show cellular @entity5 . An additional immunosuppressive agent in factor VIII concentrates may be responsible for this and could predispose to @entity2 . @entity4 , @entity5 and seropositivity are less common in @entity0 with @entity6 even when treated with factor IX concentrate derived from paid donors. The reasons for this @entity1 are not known. The diagnosis, social, family and counselling problems of infected @entity0 are surveyed and the prospects for effective anti-viral or immunotherapy assessed. Treatment policies using heat-treated factor concentrates and the impact of donor screening are reviewed. It is concluded that the outlook for uninfected haemophiliacs with regard to @entity4 is now good.

title: XXXX and @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The prevalence of overt @entity4 in @entity3 in the USA is about 3% treated @entity0 and about 2% in UK. Nevertheless up to 90% of @entity0 with @entity3 treated with commercial concentrates of factor VIII prepared from the blood of paid donors are seropositive to the @entity4 -associated virus LAV/HTLV III. Infection seems to have commenced in 1978 in USA and in 1980 in Europe. The accession rate to the symptomatic group is not known. Seropositivity is much lower in @entity0 treated with blood products derived from voluntarily donated blood but such @entity0 , even when seronegative, often show cellular @entity5 . An additional immunosuppressive agent in factor VIII concentrates may be responsible for this and could predispose to @entity2 . @entity4 , @entity5 and seropositivity are less common in @entity0 with @entity6 even when treated with factor IX concentrate derived from paid donors. The reasons for this @entity1 are not known. The diagnosis, social, family and counselling problems of infected @entity0 are surveyed and the prospects for effective anti-viral or immunotherapy assessed. Treatment policies using heat-treated factor concentrates and the impact of donor screening are reviewed. It is concluded that the outlook for uninfected haemophiliacs with regard to @entity4 is now good.

title: @entity4 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a reduced duration (12hours) of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) administration for @entity5 . METHODS: In a prospective randomized study, @entity0 with @entity5 (prepartum, intrapartum, or postpartum) attending Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh, India, between January 2012 and September 2013 were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were blood pressure of at least 140/90mm Hg after 20weeks, @entity2 (dipstick value>= +1), and @entity1 not attributed to other causes. @entity0 were assigned to control and study groups according to the time of enrollment (6-month blocks). All @entity0 received a @entity4 loading dose (4g, intravenously), followed by maintenance doses (1g/hour) for 12hours (study group) and 24hours (control group). The primary outcome was recurrent @entity1 after completion of @entity4 therapy. @entity0 with treatment failure were excluded from analyses. RESULTS: Analyses included 132 @entity0 in the study group and 72 @entity0 in the control group. No @entity1 recurred in either group after the completion of treatment. CONCLUSION: For @entity0 with @entity5 , 12hours of @entity3 could effectively prevent recurrent @entity1 .

title: Maternal outcomes after 12hours and 24hours of @entity3 therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a reduced duration (12hours) of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) administration for @entity5 . METHODS: In a prospective randomized study, @entity0 with @entity5 (prepartum, intrapartum, or postpartum) attending Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh, India, between January 2012 and September 2013 were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were blood pressure of at least 140/90mm Hg after 20weeks, @entity2 (dipstick value>= +1), and @entity1 not attributed to other causes. @entity0 were assigned to control and study groups according to the time of enrollment (6-month blocks). All @entity0 received a @entity4 loading dose (4g, intravenously), followed by maintenance doses (1g/hour) for 12hours (study group) and 24hours (control group). The primary outcome was recurrent @entity1 after completion of @entity4 therapy. @entity0 with treatment failure were excluded from analyses. RESULTS: Analyses included 132 @entity0 in the study group and 72 @entity0 in the control group. No @entity1 recurred in either group after the completion of treatment. CONCLUSION: For @entity0 with @entity5 , 12hours of @entity3 could effectively prevent recurrent @entity1 .

title: Maternal outcomes after 12hours and 24hours of XXXX therapy for @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Three widely used immunoassays for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) determination (RID. RIEP and LN--Behring) were compared. According to the @entity2 @entity1 dependent structural changes or ligand binding properties two buffer systems, @entity0 rich and @entity0 depleted, were used in all methods. In RID and RIEP mean values of studied samples were higher when @entity0 depleted buffer was used (r = 0.94 and r = 0.88, respectively). However, in LN mean values of studied samples were higher when @entity0 rich buffer was employed (r = 0.923). Comparison of RID and RIEP showed better correlation when @entity0 depleted buffer was used with r = 0.913 and regression equation y = 0.92 chi + 2.76. Comparison of RID with LN gave similar results as in the case of RIEP and LN. In both cases mean values of studied samples were much higher in LN. Best correlation between RID and LN was obtained when RID was run in @entity0 depleted buffer and LN performed in @entity0 rich buffer (r = 0.845, y = 1.25 chi + 18.4). When RIEP and LN were compared highest correlation was obtained when @entity0 rich buffer in both methods had been used (r = 0.84, y = 1.45 chi + 33.7). However, comparison of both methods run in @entity0 depleted buffer yielded better regression equation: y = 1.05 chi + 26.1 with r = 0.795.

title: Comparison of three immunoassays for XXXX determination.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 in childhood and adolescence represents a frequent @entity1 in this age group and its prognosis is predominantly unfavourable. The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcome and predictors of outpatients and inpatients with @entity3 and internalizing disorders. METHOD: We compared a 10 year follow-up history of in- and outpatients with @entity3 and internalizing disorders. The sample of @entity0 with @entity3 was divided into three groups ("I": F90.1; "E": F91.2, F92; "D": F91.1, F91.3). The outcome was defined as an improvement of psychosocial functioning (SGKJ). Statistical analysis consisted of Fisher exact test and logistical regression. RESULTS: Our findings showed the best results in @entity0 with the @entity2 10 diagnosis F90.1. Inpatient treatment was superior to outpatient treatment. Cooperation of parents and @entity0 , severeness of disease, psychosocial risk factors and pharmacotherapy were found to be the most important predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Effectiveness of an outpatient treatment of @entity0 and adolescents with @entity3 can be increased by training of parents, home treatment or pharmacotherapy.

title: [How effective are interventions in @entity0 and adolescents with XXXX ? A utilization study].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 in childhood and adolescence represents a frequent @entity1 in this age group and its prognosis is predominantly unfavourable. The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcome and predictors of outpatients and inpatients with @entity3 and internalizing disorders. METHOD: We compared a 10 year follow-up history of in- and outpatients with @entity3 and internalizing disorders. The sample of @entity0 with @entity3 was divided into three groups ("I": F90.1; "E": F91.2, F92; "D": F91.1, F91.3). The outcome was defined as an improvement of psychosocial functioning (SGKJ). Statistical analysis consisted of Fisher exact test and logistical regression. RESULTS: Our findings showed the best results in @entity0 with the @entity2 10 diagnosis F90.1. Inpatient treatment was superior to outpatient treatment. Cooperation of parents and @entity0 , severeness of disease, psychosocial risk factors and pharmacotherapy were found to be the most important predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Effectiveness of an outpatient treatment of @entity0 and adolescents with @entity3 can be increased by training of parents, home treatment or pharmacotherapy.

title: [How effective are interventions in XXXX and adolescents with @entity1 ? A utilization study].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: It has been claimed that @entity0 with @entity2 show @entity1 and a training of auditory perception is recommended as a therapy. this study addresses the question whether a causal connection between auditory perception and @entity2 can be proven empirically. METHOD: 27 dyslexic @entity0 with average intelligence and normal hearing and 31 controls were examined. The auditory perception ability was judged with non-linguistic (pitch, tone duration, sound discrimination tasks) and verbal (speech in noise, compressed speech) tasks. In addition auditory short-term memory, nonverbal IQ, spelling and language ability were assessed. RESULTS: Group differences were found in tone processing tasks, but not in sound discrimination or auditory verbal tasks. Despite significant main effects in tone processing tasks the individual values of the dyslexic @entity0 lay predominantly in the range of the controls. In addition, there was no correlation between tone processing and spelling ability. CONCLUSION: Dyslexic @entity0 do not show remarkable @entity1 . Auditory low level deficits can only be observed within a small subgroup. There is no evidence for @entity3 as a cause of @entity2 . The relevance of auditory processing training for treatment programmes for @entity2 should be questioned.

title: [Significance of XXXX for the pathogenesis of reading and spelling disorders].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Monitoring and management of intravascular volume status is of crucial importance in @entity9 @entity0 . @entity11 , induced by @entity5 or pathologic fluid shifts in the presence of systemic @entity1 , is frequently the cause for hemodynamic instability and @entity6 . This @entity8 leads to a reduction in biventricular cardiac preload. With respect to the Frank-Starling mechanism, this causes an alteration in left @entity2 . If this reduction in @entity2 volume cannot be compensated by an increase in heart rate, this finally results in a decline of cardiac output. In this clinical situation fluid loading is the treatment of choice. However, insufficient peripheral vascular resistance and thus reduced cardiac afterload as well as @entity3 also have to be taken in account to be causative for @entity6 . Potential hazards of fluid loading specifically in the latter situation include @entity10 , worsening of pulmonary gas exchange and @entity7 . Thus, prediction of fluid responsiveness, i.e. the prediction of the hemodynamic response to fluid loading is of utmost importance in @entity9 @entity0 . Several conventional parameters of systemic hemodynamic monitoring such as the @entity4 and PAOP, the estimation of the left ventricular end-diastolic area (LVEDA) by echocardiography and measurement of central blood volumes as the right-ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV) or the global end-diastolic volume (GEDV) by thermodilution are frequently used for preload monitoring. Further, functional preload parameters such as the left @entity2 (SW), describing the specific interactions of the heart and the lungs under mechanical ventilation, have been recently proposed to be useful for predicting fluid responsiveness. Thus, it is the aim of the present article to analyze these different concepts of hemodynamic monitoring regarding their usefulness and clinical applicability to predict fluid responsiveness at the bedside.

title: [Assessment of volume responsiveness in mechanically ventilated XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Forty-eight critically ill @entity0 in an intensive care unit were enrolled in a prospective study of stress @entity2 . The H2-receptor antagonists @entity3 and @entity4 were used, @entity0 being randomized on hospital number. Response was assessed by measuring gastric pH every 2 hours. The drugs were administered by intravenous infusion, and up to three dosage increments fo each of the drugs were titrated against the pH of the @entity1 . If one drug, in maximum dose, failed to maintain the pH above 4, the other drug was administered at maximum dose. If both drugs failed to achieve control of gastric pH, antacids were administered in an endeavor to ensure @entity0 safety. @entity3 was successful in maintaining the intragastric pH above 4, for the duration of the intensive care admission, in five of 28 @entity0 . @entity4 was successful in 10 of 20 @entity0 . The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.04). In @entity0 in whom @entity3 therapy failed, @entity4 provided adequate control of pH in four of 13. @entity3 controlled one of six @entity0 who had failed to improve with @entity4 therapy. Plasma concentrations of both drugs were well above established acid inhibitory concentrations. However, even with much lower plasma concentrations of @entity4 , similar amounts of both drugs were present in the gastric juice, suggesting a possible explanation for the greater efficacy of @entity4 . We conclude that, although @entity4 is more effective than @entity3 , neither of these drugs is adequate for stress @entity2 . If they ae used for this purpose in the critically ill @entity0 , regular monitoring of gastric pH is essential to allow detection of therapeutic failures.

title: Randomized, prospective trial of @entity3 and XXXX for control of intragastric pH in the critically ill.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Forty-eight critically ill @entity0 in an intensive care unit were enrolled in a prospective study of stress @entity2 . The H2-receptor antagonists @entity3 and @entity4 were used, @entity0 being randomized on hospital number. Response was assessed by measuring gastric pH every 2 hours. The drugs were administered by intravenous infusion, and up to three dosage increments fo each of the drugs were titrated against the pH of the @entity1 . If one drug, in maximum dose, failed to maintain the pH above 4, the other drug was administered at maximum dose. If both drugs failed to achieve control of gastric pH, antacids were administered in an endeavor to ensure @entity0 safety. @entity3 was successful in maintaining the intragastric pH above 4, for the duration of the intensive care admission, in five of 28 @entity0 . @entity4 was successful in 10 of 20 @entity0 . The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (p = 0.04). In @entity0 in whom @entity3 therapy failed, @entity4 provided adequate control of pH in four of 13. @entity3 controlled one of six @entity0 who had failed to improve with @entity4 therapy. Plasma concentrations of both drugs were well above established acid inhibitory concentrations. However, even with much lower plasma concentrations of @entity4 , similar amounts of both drugs were present in the gastric juice, suggesting a possible explanation for the greater efficacy of @entity4 . We conclude that, although @entity4 is more effective than @entity3 , neither of these drugs is adequate for stress @entity2 . If they ae used for this purpose in the critically ill @entity0 , regular monitoring of gastric pH is essential to allow detection of therapeutic failures.

title: Randomized, prospective trial of XXXX and @entity4 for control of intragastric pH in the critically ill.

answer: @entity3


abstract: For a long time, breast-conserving surgery has been a subject of great interest and debate. Many researchers have tried to find strict criteria in selecting the @entity1 who can benefit from such a treatment but this remains a goal to achieve in the future. In our surgical department, from 1984 to 2000, 1152 @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity0 . 741 @entity1 (64.1%) had @entity0 and 411 @entity1 (35.6%) were diagnosed in I and II stages. From the @entity1 with early @entity0 only 57 (14.1%) had benefited of conservative surgery combined with adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. All @entity1 received hormonotherapy. The surgical treatment consisted in a broad sectorectomy and axillary lymphadenectomy in all cases. We present the criteria for selecting @entity1 in our study. The @entity1 were followed for 2-5 years, with a mean period of 48 months and there were no significant differences between the trial with mamectomy and that with conservative surgery. There is presented a brief review of the literature in this field. Our conclusion is that the conservative surgery for @entity0 is a good method, which can be applied for selected @entity1 and with a good follow-up.

title: [The place of conservative surgery in the complex oncologic treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: TOPIC: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the benefit and harms associated with implantation of toric intraocular lenses (IOLs) during @entity1 surgery. Outcomes were postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA) and distance spectacle independence. Harms were evaluated as surgical complications and residual @entity2 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Postoperative @entity2 is an important cause of suboptimal UCDVA and need for distance spectacles. Toric IOLs may correct for preexisting corneal @entity2 at the time of surgery. METHODS: We performed a systematic literature search in the Embase, PubMed, and CENTRAL databases within the Cochrane Library. We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs) if they compared toric with non-toric IOL implantation (   relaxing incision) in @entity0 with regular corneal @entity2 and age-related @entity1 . We assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. We assessed the quality of evidence across studies using the GRADE profiler software (available at: www.gradeworkinggroup.org). RESULTS: We included 13 RCTs with 707 eyes randomized to toric IOLs and 706 eyes randomized to non-toric IOLs; 225 eyes had a relaxing incision. We found high-quality evidence that UCDVA was better in the toric IOL group (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] mean difference,  -0.07; 95% confidence interval [CI],  -0.10 to  -0.04) and provided greater spectacle independence (risk ratio [RR], 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36-0.71) and moderate quality evidence that toric IOL implantation was not associated with an increased risk of complications (RR, 1.73; 95% CI, 0.60-5.04). Residual @entity2 was lower in the toric IOL group than in the non-toric IOL plus relaxing incision group (mean difference, 0.37 diopter [D]; 95% CI,  -0.55 to  -0.19). CONCLUSIONS: We found that toric IOLs provided better UCDVA, greater spectacle independence, and lower  amounts of residual @entity2 than non-toric IOLs even when relaxing incisions were used.

title: Toric Intraocular Lenses in the Correction of Astigmatism During XXXX Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Alterations in cerebral monoamines following application of electroacupuncture were investigated using conscious @entity0 with and without application of restraining stress. The @entity2 and @entity1 levels were significantly decreased in the nucleus accumbens, caudate putamen, and lateral hypothalamus and increased in the dorsal raphe nucleus by restraining stress. On the other hand, application of electroacupuncture on the lumbar and hindlimb segments eliminated the above changes in @entity2 , while the changes in @entity1 were attenuated by lumbar and hindlimb electroacupuncture. However, the effects of hindlimb electroacupuncture were greater than those of lumbar electroacupuncture. These results clearly indicate that lumbar and hindlimb electroacupuncture stimulations have differential effects on brain monoaminergic neurons in @entity0 exposed to restraining stress. Moxa burning stimulation was applied to the lumbar and hindlimb segments of @entity0 without restraining stress. The @entity2 level was significantly increased in the midbrain substantia nigra-ventrotegmental area by hindlimb moxibusion. On the other hand, the @entity1 levels were significantly increased in the nucleus amygdala by lumber moxibusion and decreased in the nucleus accumbens by hindlimb moxibusion. The present results indicate that electroacupuncture applied to the lumbar and hindlimb segments has an antistress effect, while the application of moxibustion to the lumbar and hindlimb segments was likely to stimulate the functions of mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons. We suggest that functional alterations in cerebral dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons are involved in the clinical efficacy of electroacupuncture and moxibustion, especially because of their antistress and @entity3 actions.

title: Alterations in the function of cerebral dopaminergic and serotonergic systems following electroacupuncture and moxibustion applications: possible correlates with their antistress and XXXX actions.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The past several years can be considered a renaissance @entity3 in the treatment of @entity2 . Following a 30-year stretch in which oncologists barely put a dent in a very grim overall survival (OS) rate for these @entity0 , things have rapidly changed course with the recent approval of three new @entity2 drugs by the FDA. Both oncogene-targeted therapy and immune checkpoint blockade approaches have shown remarkable efficacy in a subset of @entity2 @entity0 and have clearly been game-changers in terms of clinical impact. However, most @entity0 still succumb to their disease, and thus, there remains an urgent need to improve upon current therapies. Fortunately, innovations in molecular medicine have led to many silent gains that have greatly increased our understanding of the nature of @entity1 biology as well as the complex interactions between @entity1 and the immune system. They have also allowed for the first time a detailed understanding of an individual @entity0 's @entity1 at the genomic and proteomic level. This information is now starting to be employed at all stages of @entity1 treatment, including diagnosis, choice of drug therapy, treatment monitoring, and analysis of resistance mechanisms upon recurrence. This new @entity3 of personalized medicine will foreseeably lead to paradigm shifts in immunotherapeutic treatment approaches such as individualized @entity1 vaccines and adoptive transfer of genetically modified T cells. Advances in xenograft technology will also allow for the testing of drug combinations using in vivo models, a truly necessary development as the number of new drugs needing to be tested is predicted to skyrocket in the coming years. This chapter will provide an overview of recent technological developments in @entity1 research, and how they are expected to impact future diagnosis, monitoring, and development of novel treatments for @entity2 .

title: Novel Treatments in Development for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In order to determine whether the @entity3 blockers @entity5 and/or @entity6 decrease @entity1 after @entity4 , all out-of-hospital @entity4 (290) occurring during a nine-month period in five participating hospitals were retrospectively studied. Twenty-nine @entity0 met the criteria for inclusion in this study. Each had an unwitnessed, out-of-hospital @entity4 and was comatose (no purposeful response to @entity2 ) 20 minutes after the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Eighteen @entity0 ( @entity3 blocker group) received @entity5 and/or @entity6 at some point after ROSC, while eleven @entity0 received standard ACLS therapy (control group). Age, arrest time, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) time, and cerebral ischemic time were comparable in the two groups. In the @entity3 blocker group, seven of 18 @entity0 regained consciousness, and six of these seven survived. All six survivors appeared neurologically normal upon discharge and at three and six months of follow-up. While no demonstrably adverse effects were seen after the administration of @entity6 , 56% of the @entity0 who received @entity5 had a significant drop in blood pressure. In the control group, three of 11 @entity0 regained consciousness and two of the three left the hospital alive. Both survivors were disabled--one severely and one moderately. Follow-up after three and six months revealed no significant improvement in their disability. Overall, six of 18 @entity0 experienced clinically complete neurological recovery in the @entity3 blocker group, while none of the 11 @entity0 in the control group made a complete neurological recovery (P = 0.06).

title: Neurological recovery after @entity4 : clinical feasibility trial of XXXX blockers.

answer: @entity3