abstract: OBJECTIVE: Preoperative @entity5 has been reported to be a risk factor negatively impacting survival in @entity4 . We examined lung tissue from @entity4 @entity0 with @entity5 and demonstrated @entity3 of small pulmonary arteries to elucidate the mechanism underlying the poor outcome. METHODS: Ten @entity4 @entity0 with preoperative @entity5 between the ages of 2 days and 10 months were studied. As histological parameters, we assessed the size of small pulmonary arteries in relation to the size of accompanying bronchioles to identify small pulmonary artery underdevelopment. Other parameters, such as the radial alveolar count, which reflects @entity1 , intimal lesions, @entity6 , and the medial thickness of small pulmonary arteries and small pulmonary veins, were also examined. As a control group, we examined 24 autopsy cases with no congenital heart or @entity2 . RESULTS: When the radius of the accompanying bronchiole was 100 microm, the radius of small pulmonary artery in the control group was found to enlarge for the first 2 months and then remain stable at approximately 80 microm from 2 to 10 months. In @entity4 with preoperative @entity5 , the radius was significantly lower than in the control (47.0 +/- 21.8 microm versus 75.9 +/- 9.8 microm, P <.001), and the difference between dead and surviving @entity0 was significant at P <.001 (33.0 +/- 14.6 microm versus 68.2 +/- 9.2 microm). Examination of the alveoli yielded an radial alveolar count of 4.6 +/- 1.5 in the control group and 4.4 +/- 0.8 in the @entity4 @entity0 , and the difference was not significant (P =.71). CONCLUSIONS: The small pulmonary arteries of @entity4 @entity0 with preoperative @entity5 were underdeveloped compared with controls but their alveolae were not hypoplastic. These results suggested that the small @entity2 may be responsible for the poor outcome of these @entity0 .

title: @entity3 of the small pulmonary arteries in @entity4 with obstructed XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Preoperative @entity5 has been reported to be a risk factor negatively impacting survival in @entity4 . We examined lung tissue from @entity4 @entity0 with @entity5 and demonstrated @entity3 of small pulmonary arteries to elucidate the mechanism underlying the poor outcome. METHODS: Ten @entity4 @entity0 with preoperative @entity5 between the ages of 2 days and 10 months were studied. As histological parameters, we assessed the size of small pulmonary arteries in relation to the size of accompanying bronchioles to identify small pulmonary artery underdevelopment. Other parameters, such as the radial alveolar count, which reflects @entity1 , intimal lesions, @entity6 , and the medial thickness of small pulmonary arteries and small pulmonary veins, were also examined. As a control group, we examined 24 autopsy cases with no congenital heart or @entity2 . RESULTS: When the radius of the accompanying bronchiole was 100 microm, the radius of small pulmonary artery in the control group was found to enlarge for the first 2 months and then remain stable at approximately 80 microm from 2 to 10 months. In @entity4 with preoperative @entity5 , the radius was significantly lower than in the control (47.0 +/- 21.8 microm versus 75.9 +/- 9.8 microm, P <.001), and the difference between dead and surviving @entity0 was significant at P <.001 (33.0 +/- 14.6 microm versus 68.2 +/- 9.2 microm). Examination of the alveoli yielded an radial alveolar count of 4.6 +/- 1.5 in the control group and 4.4 +/- 0.8 in the @entity4 @entity0 , and the difference was not significant (P =.71). CONCLUSIONS: The small pulmonary arteries of @entity4 @entity0 with preoperative @entity5 were underdeveloped compared with controls but their alveolae were not hypoplastic. These results suggested that the small @entity2 may be responsible for the poor outcome of these @entity0 .

title: @entity3 of the small pulmonary arteries in XXXX with obstructed @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Preoperative @entity5 has been reported to be a risk factor negatively impacting survival in @entity4 . We examined lung tissue from @entity4 @entity0 with @entity5 and demonstrated @entity3 of small pulmonary arteries to elucidate the mechanism underlying the poor outcome. METHODS: Ten @entity4 @entity0 with preoperative @entity5 between the ages of 2 days and 10 months were studied. As histological parameters, we assessed the size of small pulmonary arteries in relation to the size of accompanying bronchioles to identify small pulmonary artery underdevelopment. Other parameters, such as the radial alveolar count, which reflects @entity1 , intimal lesions, @entity6 , and the medial thickness of small pulmonary arteries and small pulmonary veins, were also examined. As a control group, we examined 24 autopsy cases with no congenital heart or @entity2 . RESULTS: When the radius of the accompanying bronchiole was 100 microm, the radius of small pulmonary artery in the control group was found to enlarge for the first 2 months and then remain stable at approximately 80 microm from 2 to 10 months. In @entity4 with preoperative @entity5 , the radius was significantly lower than in the control (47.0 +/- 21.8 microm versus 75.9 +/- 9.8 microm, P <.001), and the difference between dead and surviving @entity0 was significant at P <.001 (33.0 +/- 14.6 microm versus 68.2 +/- 9.2 microm). Examination of the alveoli yielded an radial alveolar count of 4.6 +/- 1.5 in the control group and 4.4 +/- 0.8 in the @entity4 @entity0 , and the difference was not significant (P =.71). CONCLUSIONS: The small pulmonary arteries of @entity4 @entity0 with preoperative @entity5 were underdeveloped compared with controls but their alveolae were not hypoplastic. These results suggested that the small @entity2 may be responsible for the poor outcome of these @entity0 .

title: XXXX of the small pulmonary arteries in @entity4 with obstructed @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In a review of 2248 cystoscopic examinations conducted over 10 years, @entity2 were found in 172 @entity0 . In 128 of these the condition was associated with @entity5 . The @entity4 was the commonest site (52.3%). @entity3 occurred in 78.1%. Forty-nine @entity0 refused surgery and eight were found to have advanced inoperable @entity1 . Seventy-one @entity0 had a total cystectomy. There were no operative deaths but post-operative complications occurred in nine cases. Eight @entity0 died within 2 years but 21 were well and @entity1 -free at 5 years. It was concluded that there is a marked association between @entity5 and @entity2 . When the @entity1 is operable, cystectomy is the treatment of choice.

title: Bilharziasis in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Assuming that primary symptoms of @entity3 can best be distinguished from signs of adaptation through behavioral analyses on an individual basis, the present study provides a detailed analysis of the prehension movements of three adolescents with mild @entity2 of different etiology. We investigated the extent to which the hemiparetic @entity0 took their movement limitations into account when planning and performing sequences of prehension movements. We examined three indices of flexibility in grip planning in conjunction with an analysis of arm-joint coordination patterns as the movements unfolded. @entity0 were asked to repeatedly grasp a square object of which the position was gradually changed leftwards or rightwards. In half the trials the goal of the task was to lift the object, in the other half it had to be rotated back-and-forth. Trunk, arm, and hand movements were recorded with two synchronized 3-D motion-tracking systems. The movements of the hemiparetic @entity0 were compared with the average performance of 11 control @entity0 of which the collective data were taken to represent a typical control @entity0 . Whereas one hemiparetic @entity0 (GV) maintained a single grasping pattern throughout the experiment, the other two (CV and LC) only partially persevered in previously adopted grasping patterns. The shoulder contributed more and the wrist contributed less to this perseverance. No effects of task goal were found on grip selection. However, two hemiparetic @entity0 (CV and LC) did tune their hand displacement to the task that followed the grasps. Taken collectively, the results show that the hemiparetic @entity0 took their limitations into account when performing movements, but not when @entity1 .

title: A detailed analysis of the planning and execution of prehension movements by three adolescents with XXXX due to cerebral palsy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Xerosis is one of the characteristics of aged skin. Xerosis may be caused by a decrease in the stratum corneum free @entity2 which are natural moisturizing factors derived from @entity4 . In aged skin, @entity4 is immunohistochemically decreased compared with the levels in young skin. However, the differences in stratum corneum @entity2 between aged and young skin have not been analyzed quantitatively. Therefore, in this study we determined the stratum corneum @entity2 per 1000 stratum corneum cells in aged and young skin by high-performance liquid chromatography. The amount of @entity4 mRNA in the epidermis was also compared between aged and young skin using RT-PCR. The total amount of @entity2 in the stratum corneum was larger in aged @entity1 skin than in young skin. Only a few @entity2 were found in the stratum corneum of @entity3 @entity0 (control skin). The expression of @entity4 mRNA in aged skin was, however, similar to that in young skin. These findings suggest that the immunohistochemical decrease in @entity4 in aged skin may be caused by promotion of @entity4 proteolysis in the upper layers of the stratum spinulosum.

title: The content of free XXXX in the stratum corneum is increased in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Xerosis is one of the characteristics of aged skin. Xerosis may be caused by a decrease in the stratum corneum free @entity2 which are natural moisturizing factors derived from @entity4 . In aged skin, @entity4 is immunohistochemically decreased compared with the levels in young skin. However, the differences in stratum corneum @entity2 between aged and young skin have not been analyzed quantitatively. Therefore, in this study we determined the stratum corneum @entity2 per 1000 stratum corneum cells in aged and young skin by high-performance liquid chromatography. The amount of @entity4 mRNA in the epidermis was also compared between aged and young skin using RT-PCR. The total amount of @entity2 in the stratum corneum was larger in aged @entity1 skin than in young skin. Only a few @entity2 were found in the stratum corneum of @entity3 @entity0 (control skin). The expression of @entity4 mRNA in aged skin was, however, similar to that in young skin. These findings suggest that the immunohistochemical decrease in @entity4 in aged skin may be caused by promotion of @entity4 proteolysis in the upper layers of the stratum spinulosum.

title: The content of free @entity2 in the stratum corneum is increased in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCLs) as novel risk factors for @entity6 and transient @entity2 attacks (TIAs) has been a matter of debate. Prior cohort studies included only selected subjects, mostly @entity0 . We related serum concentrations of aCLs to incident first @entity6 / @entity8 among @entity0 and @entity0 in the Framingham Heart Study cohort and offspring. METHODS: There were a total of 2712 @entity0 (mean age, 59.3 years) and 2262 @entity0 (mean age, 58.3 years) free of @entity3 / @entity8 at the time of their baseline examinations. An enzyme immunoassay was used to measure aCLs. Optical density of the sample serum compared with the reference serum was defined as the aCL screening ratio (aCL SR). Analyses were based on sex-specific aCL SR quartiles and individual ratios. RESULTS: During the 11-year follow-up, 222 @entity6 /TIAs occurred. In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age, prior @entity4 , systolic blood pressure, @entity1 , smoking, @entity7 , and total and high-density lipoprotein @entity5 levels, an aCL SR of >0.4 (78% of sample) was significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity6 / @entity8 for @entity0 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 5.4; absolute risk, 3.2%, 95% CI, 2.2 to 4.3) but not in @entity0 (HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.7 to 2.4; absolute risk, 4.5%; 95% CI, 3.0 to 6.0). Similar results were obtained when the higher 3 aCL SR quartiles were compared with the lowest. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated serum concentrations of aCLs, independently of other cardiovascular risk factors, significantly predict the risk of future @entity6 and @entity8 in @entity0 but not in @entity0 .

title: Anticardiolipin antibodies and risk of @entity6 and transient XXXX attack: the Framingham cohort and offspring study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCLs) as novel risk factors for @entity6 and transient @entity2 attacks (TIAs) has been a matter of debate. Prior cohort studies included only selected subjects, mostly @entity0 . We related serum concentrations of aCLs to incident first @entity6 / @entity8 among @entity0 and @entity0 in the Framingham Heart Study cohort and offspring. METHODS: There were a total of 2712 @entity0 (mean age, 59.3 years) and 2262 @entity0 (mean age, 58.3 years) free of @entity3 / @entity8 at the time of their baseline examinations. An enzyme immunoassay was used to measure aCLs. Optical density of the sample serum compared with the reference serum was defined as the aCL screening ratio (aCL SR). Analyses were based on sex-specific aCL SR quartiles and individual ratios. RESULTS: During the 11-year follow-up, 222 @entity6 /TIAs occurred. In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for age, prior @entity4 , systolic blood pressure, @entity1 , smoking, @entity7 , and total and high-density lipoprotein @entity5 levels, an aCL SR of >0.4 (78% of sample) was significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity6 / @entity8 for @entity0 (hazard ratio [HR], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 5.4; absolute risk, 3.2%, 95% CI, 2.2 to 4.3) but not in @entity0 (HR, 1.3; 95% CI, 0.7 to 2.4; absolute risk, 4.5%; 95% CI, 3.0 to 6.0). Similar results were obtained when the higher 3 aCL SR quartiles were compared with the lowest. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated serum concentrations of aCLs, independently of other cardiovascular risk factors, significantly predict the risk of future @entity6 and @entity8 in @entity0 but not in @entity0 .

title: Anticardiolipin antibodies and risk of XXXX and transient @entity2 attack: the Framingham cohort and offspring study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: After oral administration of a single dose of @entity1 (300 mg), with and without a standard breakfast, to 12 healthy male volunteers in an open, randomized crossover study, concentrations of the unchanged drug were estimated at various times in serum and urine, over 28 hours and 48 hours, respectively. Each dose was followed by a wash-out period of 1 week. @entity1 concentrations were determined using @entity0 ( @entity0 ): parallel determinations using a microbiological assay were in close agreement. Maximum serum concentrations (Cmax) of @entity1 , after fasting and with breakfast, respectively, were 3.7 and 3.1 micrograms/ml ( @entity0 , median values). The corresponding areas under the serum concentration-time curves (AUC0-28) were 29.9 and 24.5 micrograms/ml. The lower values of Cmax and AUC0-28 found after food intake were statistically significant (p less than 0.05) but not clinically relevant when compared to the fasting values. Time to reach Cmax and terminal elimination half-life ( @entity2 ) were not significantly affected by food intake: @entity2 was calculated as 5.3 and 5.9 hours ( @entity0 , median values), fasting and with breakfast, respectively. Urinary recovery (after 48 hours: 72% and 74%, respectively) was also not significantly affected by food intake, and urinary concentrations of @entity1 remained far above 1 microgram/ml, i.e. above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) for most bacterial strains, for at least 48 hours after drug administration. General tolerability was good; no side-effects were reported.

title: The effect of food on the pharmacokinetics of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the amount of documentation and level of assessment provided by attending physicians and nursing staff in regard to @entity1 ( @entity1 ) experienced by hospitalized @entity0 with varied DSM-IV diagnoses regularly treated with antipsychotic medication. METHOD: We examined the medical records of 204 hospitalized @entity0 . All medical records were examined retrospectively from consecutive admissions beginning in January 1996. We identified demographics, length of hospitalization, diagnosis, and antipsychotic and adjunct medication. @entity1 were classified into @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). For each type of @entity1 , 2 independent raters rated the quality of assessment based on dimensions of severity, location, and laterality. RESULTS: The extent of interrater agreement was found to be 91.1%. @entity2 and @entity4 were more frequently assessed, compared with @entity3 and @entity5 . However, the medical records examined showed generally poor assessment and documentation of @entity1 . The percentage of medical records with "no description" for each @entity1 classification was as follows: @entity5 (89%), @entity2 (71%), @entity4 (67%), and @entity3 (94%). CONCLUSIONS: The major finding of this study was a high rate of failure to document the assessment and course of @entity1 . This finding suggests that clinicians do not recognize the importance of documenting these significant adverse events. This shortcoming can be corrected with increased awareness of @entity1 and increased training in their physical examination.

title: Assessing and monitoring antipsychotic-induced movement disorders in hospitalized XXXX : a cautionary study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study describes episodes of rapid destruction and repair of periodontal tissues occurring during the course of hamster @entity4 . The mandibular molar periodontia of 120 male @entity2 exposed to Keyes 2000 diet for periods ranging from 45 to 180 days were examined on undecalcified serial sections. The destructive phase of the episodes was characterized by the localized appearance of a large number of osteoclasts creating a cone-shaped defect. Bone resorption was associated with disorganization of the gingival tissues, including epithelial ulceration, and a dense PMN infiltration. The repair phase was observed in these cone-shaped defects by the use of fluorescent and corresponding stained sections. Bone formation was intense with woven bone filling the cervical aspect of the defect. Apically, bone formation was more regular and less rapid. A healthy band of connective tissue always separated the bone reaction from the infiltrated connective tissue. Despite its magnitude this repair did not restore the overall @entity0 . The burst episodes of activity were found far more frequently in animals with significant macroscopic @entity3 . They mobubly play a key-role in the progress of @entity1 in the hamster.

title: Destruction and repair of periodontal tissues during burst episodes of activity in hamster XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: To determine whether the daily rhythms of spike activity in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) were accompanied by changes in the behaviour of its inputs, we used conventional extracellular single cell recordings from cells in the SON of anaesthetized @entity0 while stimulating the contralateral optic nerve and the ipsilateral suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Neurones in the SON region were identified by antidromic activation and classified as @entity1 or vasopressin cells, on the basis of their spontaneous firing patterns. Approximately 27% of both @entity1 (29/108) and vasopressin (39/147) neurones were excited by stimulation of the optic nerve, and the majority of responses had a long latency (>20 ms). Very few @entity1 (3/108) and vasopressin cells (2/147) were inhibited by stimulation of the optic nerve. The pattern of the responses (excitatory, inhibitory or nonresponsive) of @entity1 and vasopressin cells to stimulation of the optic nerve was significantly related to the time of day (chi-square test; P = 0.012, @entity1 cells; P = 0.006, vasopressin cells). The proportion of @entity1 cells excited by stimulation of the optic nerve was highest at ZT 4-8 and lowest at ZT 20-24. For vasopressin cells, it was highest at ZT 12-16 and lowest at ZT 20-24. The proportion of excitatory, inhibitory and complex responses seen in @entity1 and vasopressin cells following stimulation of the SCN also changed and was significantly different at different times of day ( @entity1 cells: highest proportion of excitatory responses at ZT 12-16, P = 0.029; chi-square test; vasopressin cells: highest proportion of excitatory responses at ZT 0-4, P = 0.005; chi-square test). Thus, inputs to @entity1 and vasopressin neurones from the optic nerve and some outputs from the SCN changed during the light/dark cycle. Such changes may contribute to the generation of 24-h rhythms in activity of @entity1 and vasopressin neurones and release of the peptides.

title: Responses of cells in the XXXX supraoptic nucleus in vivo to stimulation of afferent pathways are different at different times of the light/dark cycle.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The systemic administration of high-dose recombinant @entity4 mediated significant reductions of established 3-day pulmonary micrometastases from both weakly immunogenic and @entity2 . However, when treatment with @entity4 was delayed for 10 days after the injection of @entity0 cells in an attempt to treat grossly visible pulmonary macrometastases, only those established from weakly @entity2 remained susceptible. Established 10-day pulmonary nodules from the @entity2 became refractory to @entity4 therapy. We utilized selective depletion of lymphocyte subsets in vivo by the systemic administration of specific monoclonal antibodies to cells bearing either the @entity3 or @entity5 marker or a heteroantiserum to cells bearing the ASGM-1 glycosphingolipid to identify lymphocytes involved in @entity4 -induced @entity0 regression. Cells with potent lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity against fresh @entity0 targets in vitro were identified in the lungs of @entity4 -treated @entity1 . By flow cytometry analysis, the majority of these effector cells were Thy-1+, @entity3 -, @entity5 -, ASGM-1+. Depletion in vivo of ASGM-1+ cells before the onset of @entity4 administration eliminated the successful therapy of 3-day pulmonary metastases from @entity2 , with concurrent elimination of LAK cell activity in the lungs. In @entity1 with 3-day pulmonary metastases from weakly @entity2 , both @entity5 + cells and ASGM-1+ cells were involved in @entity4 -mediated @entity0 regression, but @entity5 + cells appeared to be the more potent mediator in the response. @entity5 + cells were also involved in the elimination of grossly visible 10-day macrometastases from these weakly immunogenic @entity0 . Depletion of @entity3 + cells had no effect on @entity0 regression. Thus, although LAK effectors derived from ASGM-1+ precursors can eliminate pulmonary micrometastases regardless of @entity0 immunogenicity, @entity5 + cells are predominant effectors in the elimination of both pulmonary micro- and macrometastases from weakly @entity2 .

title: Identification of cellular mechanisms operational in vivo during the regression of established pulmonary metastases by the systemic administration of high-dose recombinant XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Aortic valve replacement (AVR) in @entity0 with a heavily calcified ascending aorta and aortic root, or with conditions that preclude a median sternotomy, poses a formidable challenge. A left ventricle apical-aortic conduit (AAC) is an alternative in these situations. Herein, the authors' experience with AAC in adult @entity0 with acquired @entity6 is reported. METHODS: Between 1995 and 2003, 13 @entity0 (mean age 71 years) underwent AAC for severe @entity6 (mean valve area 0.65 +/- 0.02 cm2). Indications for AAC were heavily calcified ascending aorta and aortic root (n = 5), patent retrosternal mammary grafts (n = 4), calcified ascending aorta and aortic root plus patent retrosternal mammary graft (n = 1), retrosternal colonic interposition (n = 1) and multiple previous sternotomies (n = 2). Seven @entity0 had previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The mean preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction was 50 +/- 4%. RESULTS: AAC were performed under cardiopulmonary bypass through a left thoracotomy (n = 10), median sternotomy (n = 2) or bilateral thoracotomy (n = 1). Hearts were kept beating (n = 5) or fibrillated (n = 7). @entity11 was used in one @entity0 . Composite Dacron conduits with biological (n = 6), mechanical (n = 4) or homograft (n = 2) valves were used. Distal anastomoses were performed in the descending thoracic aorta (n = 12) or in the left iliac artery (n = 1). Two @entity0 underwent simultaneous CABG. Three @entity0 died in-hospital from @entity3 (n = 1), intravascular @entity9 (n = 1) and @entity10 (n = 1). The mean hospital stay was 26 days. Complications included @entity12 requiring tracheostomy (n = 2), @entity2 (n = 1) and re-exploration for @entity7 (n = 2). At a mean follow up of 2.1 years, there have been four late deaths; causes of @entity4 were @entity8 (n = 2), @entity5 (n = 1) and @entity1 (n = 1). CONCLUSION: AAC provides an acceptable alternative to AVR in selected @entity0 who are at exceedingly high risk for the standard procedure.

title: Is there a role for the left ventricle apical-aortic conduit for acquired XXXX ?

answer: @entity6


abstract: This is a clinical study of 193 adult cases of perforating @entity1 during a nine-year period of treatment. There were 77 females (39.9%) and 116 males (60.1%) with ages of 15 years and above. Throughout the study period, the yearly perforation frequency ranged from 10.0 to 23.1% (mean 16.7%) of all cases with proven @entity1 . Perforation was equally common in both sexes, females: 15.5%, males: 17.6% of the @entity1 cases. In elderly @entity0 (greater than or equal to 60 years of age) perforation was much more common; 37 out of 77 cases with proven @entity1 (48.1%). Compared to different ages ( @entity0 under and above 60 years of age), clinical and laboratory findings were found equal. Duration of symptoms showed no differences for younger and elderly @entity0 . Preoperative delay in the hospital of at least 6 hours occurred in 39.9% of all @entity0 , and was found equally common in @entity0 younger than 60 years (39.1%) and in those from 60 years and older (43.2%). There were no fatalities in the study group. Postoperative septical complications predominated over non-septical (32.6 versus 9.3%), and were equally common in both sexes and in @entity0 of different ages. The frequency of occurrence of septical complications was not significantly influenced by the duration of symptoms or by the duration of operation, furthermore, septical complications were equally frequent throughout the study period, although the use of antibiotics changed towards drugs more potent to cover anaerobic bacteria (28.1% infections for the period 1972-1976 versus 29.8% for the period 1977-1981).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX . A nine-year survey of treatment and results.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To evaluate the capacity of the peritoneal membrane to efficiently absorb complex nutritional solutions, five adult mongrel @entity0 were prepared with peritoneal and intravenous catheters. In duplicate studies each @entity0 's peritoneal catheter was rapidly infused with 1 liter of fluid containing 1.25% @entity2 , 5% fat emulsion, 2.5% mixed @entity5 , and 20 ml of standard electrolyte additive solution. Plasma and peritoneal fluid nutrient and electrolyte concentrations and osmolarities were measured initially, 1/2 hr, and hourly for 5 hr after infusion. Mean peritoneal fluid volume increase was 56 +/- 45 ml at 5 hr (P less than 0.05). Plasma osmolarity remained unchanged as peritoneal fluid osmolarity rapidly declined to plasma level over the initial 2 hr. Peritoneal fluid concentrations of @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity5 all fell precipitously during the first hour (P less than 0.01) while plasma concentrations rose in reciprocal fashion (P less than 0.01). Maximal rises above basal plasma concentrations all occurred at 1/2 hr and amounted to 42.7% for @entity2 , 39.7% for @entity4 , and 113.2% for @entity5 . Levels returned to normal or near normal by 5 hr. Net absorption of @entity2 was 91.7% of the total @entity2 load after 5 hr of intraperitoneal dwell time. @entity1 absorption was 65.1% and @entity6 absorption was 91.9%. Greater than 75% of total nutrient absorption occurred during the initial hour of dwell. It is estimated that both nonprotein energy and @entity3 requirements could be met with two to three intraperitoneal nutrient solution exchanges per day. Thus, provision of total nutritional needs may be possible with an intraperitoneal support system.

title: Intraperitoneal nutritional support: initial results in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Eleven @entity0 (7 @entity0 and 4 @entity0 ) suffered from reactive @entity6 following an @entity5 . Mean age at onset of disease was 9.7 years (range 3.3-14.5 years). Six @entity0 had a classical @entity10 and two a juvenile spondyloarthritis diagnosed earlier. In 10/11 @entity0 , onset of disease was within 5 weeks following a @entity5 . The @entity5 was confirmed in all 6 cases examined during the first three months after onset of disease. The @entity2 was predominantly oligoarticular and affected mostly the joints of the lower extremities and toes. Recurrent @entity3 and @entity7 occurred in most @entity0 . @entity4 was positive in 9 (82%). During a follow-up of 0.9 to 6.7 years, @entity2 relapsed in most of the @entity0 and 4 @entity0 had severe @entity2 , and 5 @entity12 . @entity11 and occular signs relapsed frequently, but there were no noticeable disabilities. Two other @entity0 had self-limited @entity7 and @entity9 following a @entity5 . This disease may represent the first stage of the broad clinical spectrum of the reactive @entity6 . In our outpatient clinic of paediatric rheumatology, 9% of 127 @entity0 had reactive @entity6 . They show close relationships to each other and to other @entity4 -associated @entity8 . The differentiation of this group of diseases from the @entity1 is possible and relevant.

title: [Spectrum of post-enteritic XXXX in childhood].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study @entity2 , @entity6 and @entity5 responses to specific stimuli in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: For the purpose of measuring @entity2 , ACTH, and @entity5 responses to insulin induced hypoglycaemia during attack-free periods, 14 @entity3 @entity0 , 11 @entity0 with @entity4 or Beh  et's disease as disease controls (DC), and a further 10 healthy control subjects (HC) were involved in this study. None of the subjects had ever received corticosteroids before this study. @entity2 and ACTH levels were measured by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: No attack was observed among @entity3 @entity0 during the test. No significant difference in the mean @entity2 values after insulin induced hypoglycaemia was observed between the groups involved at any stage of the test. The integral @entity2 response to hypoglycaemia expressed as the AUC (0-90 min) was found not to differ among the study groups (1827 +/- 115.6 in @entity3 ; 2196 +/- 205.4 in DC, p = 0.12; 1771 +/- 98.4 in HC, p = 0.9). The delta response of @entity2 to insulin induced hypoglycaemia wasfound to be statistically lower (-4 +/- 0.8 mg/dl vs. -1.9 +/- 0.7 microg/dl; p<0.03) only for the 0 to 30 min interval in @entity0 with @entity3 compared to HC respectively. Similar results, though of no statistical significance, were also found for the 0 to 45 min interval (1.17 +/- 2.2 microg/dl in @entity3 @entity0 vs. 3.3 +/- 2 microg/dl in HC; p = 0.6). The mean basal @entity5 level of @entity0 with @entity3 was remarkably higher than that in HC. Although the mean @entity5 level at 90 min for @entity3 cases with @entity2 levels under 12 microg/dl at 30 min was found to be higher than those with @entity2 levels over 12 microg/dl at 30 min, no significant difference was observed. CONCLUSION: An early blunted @entity2 response observed in a stressful situation in @entity3 @entity0 may well account for the curious relationship between stress and an @entity1 . Furthermore, the fact that the @entity5 level was relatively higher in @entity3 @entity0 with lower @entity2 levels might also highlight the importance of endogen @entity2 in the inflammatory feature of this disease.

title: Early blunted XXXX response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia in familial Mediterranian fever.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity14 is a @entity15 of varying severity. Its incidence is increasing, particularly in @entity0 with @entity11 undergoing high dose @entity10 chemotherapy. The onset is heralded by prodromal fever, @entity13 , @entity9 , and @entity5 during the phase of severe @entity8 . The symptoms may then localize to the right lower quadrant with an associated increase in systemic @entity2 . The diagnosis can be confirmed in these and other less specific cases by serial reexamination and abdominal radiographs, ultrasonography, computerized tomograms, or radionucleotide scans. The mainstay of management is complete bowel rest with nasogastric suction and total parenteral nutrition. Broad-spectrum combination antibiotics are essential, as is the avoidance of laxatives or antidiarrheal agents. Granulocyte support may be helpful. @entity0 with a history of nonspecific @entity4 or of true @entity14 , successfully managed nonoperatively, should have prophylactic bowel rest and total parenteral nutrition instituted at the beginning of further chemotherapy. @entity0 with ongoing severe systemic @entity3 who do not respond to chemotherapy and those with overt perforation, obstruction, @entity6 , or @entity7 formation require surgical intervention. All @entity1 material must be resected, usually by a right hemicolectomy, ileostomy, and @entity12 . Divided ileostomy for less severe cases may be useful. Failure to remove the @entity1 focus in these severely immunocompromised @entity0 is fatal. With adequate recognition of @entity14 and its precipitating factors, the incidence of complications can be reduced through prevention and timely surgical intervention. Although @entity14 developed in a quarter of our @entity11 @entity0 , use of this combined approach was successful in all cases.

title: XXXX : selective surgical management.

answer: @entity14


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although extracellular @entity9 have been shown to confer mitogenic effects in cultured @entity1 mesangial cells through activation of purinergic P2 receptors (P2Y receptors), thus far the in vivo relevance of these findings is unclear. Virtually all cells and in particular the dense granules of platelets contain high levels of @entity9 that are released upon cell injury or @entity8 . In experimental mesangial proliferative @entity3 in the rat (anti- @entity13 model), mesangiolysis and glomerular @entity8 are followed by a pronounced mesangial cell (MC) proliferative response leading to @entity0 . Therefore, we examined the role of extracellular @entity9 and their corresponding receptors in @entity2 -stimulated cultured mesangial cells and in @entity0 using the P2 receptor antagonist PPADS. METHODS: The effects of @entity14 on @entity2 - or fetal calf serum (FCS)-stimulated proliferation of cultured MC were measured by cell counting and @entity5 incorporation assay. After induction of the anti- @entity13 model, @entity1 received injections of the P2-receptor antagonist PPADS at different doses (15, 30, 60 mg/kg BW). Proliferating mesangial and non-mesangial cells, mesangial cell activation, matrix accumulation, influx of inflammatory cells, mesangiolysis, microaneurysm formation, and renal functional parameters were assessed during anti- @entity13 disease. P2Y-mRNA and protein expression was assessed using RT-PCR and real time PCR, Northern blot analysis, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In cultured mesangial cells, PPADS inhibited @entity2 , but not FCS-stimulated proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. In the anti- @entity13 model, PPADS specifically and dose-dependently reduced early (day 3), but not late (day 8), glomerular mesangial cell proliferation as well as phenotypic activation of the mesangium and slightly matrix expansion. While no consistent effect was obtained in regard to the degree of mesangiolysis, influx of inflammatory cells, @entity4 or blood pressure, PPADS treatment increased serum @entity6 and @entity7 in anti- @entity13 @entity1 . P2Y receptor expression ( @entity11 and @entity12 ) was detected in cultured MC and isolated glomeruli, and demonstrated a transient marked increase during anti- @entity13 disease. CONCLUSION: These data strongly suggest an in vivo role for extracellular @entity9 in mediating early MC proliferation after @entity10 .

title: P2 receptor antagonist PPADS inhibits mesangial cell proliferation in experimental mesangial proliferative XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data about the relationship between @entity6 and @entity4 are sparse. We conducted a retrospective and longitudinal study in a large screened cohort to evaluate whether @entity3 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity2 , total @entity2 , and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity2 levels increase the risk of development of @entity4 and loss of renal function. METHODS: Post hoc analysis was performed for 4326 subjects who were free from @entity4 (dipstick 1+ or higher) at baseline (1997) with a follow-up period through 2000. Outcome measures were the development of @entity4 (1+ or higher) and change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Multiple logistic analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze baseline characteristics related to the outcome measures. RESULTS: During the observational period, 505 (11.7%) of subjects had one or more episodes of @entity4 (>/=1+). Adjusted relative risk of @entity5 for one or more incidences of @entity4 was 1.007 (95% CI 1.000 to 1.105, P = 0.04) in @entity0 and 1.032 (95% CI 1.004 to 1.061, P = 0.02) in @entity0 . Total @entity2 , HDL @entity2 , and LDL @entity2 were not significant predictors of @entity4 . The mean change in GFR between 1997 and 2000 was -6.3 (SD = 9.0) mL/min/1.73 m2 in @entity0 , and -7.8 (SD = 10.7) mL/min/1.73 m2 in @entity0 . HDL @entity2 (beta = 0.04, t = 3.7, P = 0.0002) in @entity0 and @entity5 (per 10 mg/dL, beta = -0.09, t = -2.2, P = 0.02) in @entity0 were correlated with the change in GFR. CONCLUSIONS: High @entity3 levels predicted a risk of developing @entity4 in both @entity0 and @entity0 , but not total @entity2 nor LDL @entity2 . High @entity3 in @entity0 and low HDL @entity2 in @entity0 predicted the decline of renal function. It remains to be determined whether prospective treatment of @entity6 will protect against @entity1 .

title: XXXX , but not total @entity2 or low-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels, predict development of @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data about the relationship between @entity6 and @entity4 are sparse. We conducted a retrospective and longitudinal study in a large screened cohort to evaluate whether @entity3 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity2 , total @entity2 , and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity2 levels increase the risk of development of @entity4 and loss of renal function. METHODS: Post hoc analysis was performed for 4326 subjects who were free from @entity4 (dipstick 1+ or higher) at baseline (1997) with a follow-up period through 2000. Outcome measures were the development of @entity4 (1+ or higher) and change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Multiple logistic analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze baseline characteristics related to the outcome measures. RESULTS: During the observational period, 505 (11.7%) of subjects had one or more episodes of @entity4 (>/=1+). Adjusted relative risk of @entity5 for one or more incidences of @entity4 was 1.007 (95% CI 1.000 to 1.105, P = 0.04) in @entity0 and 1.032 (95% CI 1.004 to 1.061, P = 0.02) in @entity0 . Total @entity2 , HDL @entity2 , and LDL @entity2 were not significant predictors of @entity4 . The mean change in GFR between 1997 and 2000 was -6.3 (SD = 9.0) mL/min/1.73 m2 in @entity0 , and -7.8 (SD = 10.7) mL/min/1.73 m2 in @entity0 . HDL @entity2 (beta = 0.04, t = 3.7, P = 0.0002) in @entity0 and @entity5 (per 10 mg/dL, beta = -0.09, t = -2.2, P = 0.02) in @entity0 were correlated with the change in GFR. CONCLUSIONS: High @entity3 levels predicted a risk of developing @entity4 in both @entity0 and @entity0 , but not total @entity2 nor LDL @entity2 . High @entity3 in @entity0 and low HDL @entity2 in @entity0 predicted the decline of renal function. It remains to be determined whether prospective treatment of @entity6 will protect against @entity1 .

title: @entity3 , but not total XXXX or low-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels, predict development of @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data about the relationship between @entity6 and @entity4 are sparse. We conducted a retrospective and longitudinal study in a large screened cohort to evaluate whether @entity3 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity2 , total @entity2 , and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity2 levels increase the risk of development of @entity4 and loss of renal function. METHODS: Post hoc analysis was performed for 4326 subjects who were free from @entity4 (dipstick 1+ or higher) at baseline (1997) with a follow-up period through 2000. Outcome measures were the development of @entity4 (1+ or higher) and change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Multiple logistic analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze baseline characteristics related to the outcome measures. RESULTS: During the observational period, 505 (11.7%) of subjects had one or more episodes of @entity4 (>/=1+). Adjusted relative risk of @entity5 for one or more incidences of @entity4 was 1.007 (95% CI 1.000 to 1.105, P = 0.04) in @entity0 and 1.032 (95% CI 1.004 to 1.061, P = 0.02) in @entity0 . Total @entity2 , HDL @entity2 , and LDL @entity2 were not significant predictors of @entity4 . The mean change in GFR between 1997 and 2000 was -6.3 (SD = 9.0) mL/min/1.73 m2 in @entity0 , and -7.8 (SD = 10.7) mL/min/1.73 m2 in @entity0 . HDL @entity2 (beta = 0.04, t = 3.7, P = 0.0002) in @entity0 and @entity5 (per 10 mg/dL, beta = -0.09, t = -2.2, P = 0.02) in @entity0 were correlated with the change in GFR. CONCLUSIONS: High @entity3 levels predicted a risk of developing @entity4 in both @entity0 and @entity0 , but not total @entity2 nor LDL @entity2 . High @entity3 in @entity0 and low HDL @entity2 in @entity0 predicted the decline of renal function. It remains to be determined whether prospective treatment of @entity6 will protect against @entity1 .

title: @entity3 , but not total @entity2 or low-density lipoprotein XXXX levels, predict development of @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological data about the relationship between @entity6 and @entity4 are sparse. We conducted a retrospective and longitudinal study in a large screened cohort to evaluate whether @entity3 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity2 , total @entity2 , and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity2 levels increase the risk of development of @entity4 and loss of renal function. METHODS: Post hoc analysis was performed for 4326 subjects who were free from @entity4 (dipstick 1+ or higher) at baseline (1997) with a follow-up period through 2000. Outcome measures were the development of @entity4 (1+ or higher) and change in glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Multiple logistic analysis and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze baseline characteristics related to the outcome measures. RESULTS: During the observational period, 505 (11.7%) of subjects had one or more episodes of @entity4 (>/=1+). Adjusted relative risk of @entity5 for one or more incidences of @entity4 was 1.007 (95% CI 1.000 to 1.105, P = 0.04) in @entity0 and 1.032 (95% CI 1.004 to 1.061, P = 0.02) in @entity0 . Total @entity2 , HDL @entity2 , and LDL @entity2 were not significant predictors of @entity4 . The mean change in GFR between 1997 and 2000 was -6.3 (SD = 9.0) mL/min/1.73 m2 in @entity0 , and -7.8 (SD = 10.7) mL/min/1.73 m2 in @entity0 . HDL @entity2 (beta = 0.04, t = 3.7, P = 0.0002) in @entity0 and @entity5 (per 10 mg/dL, beta = -0.09, t = -2.2, P = 0.02) in @entity0 were correlated with the change in GFR. CONCLUSIONS: High @entity3 levels predicted a risk of developing @entity4 in both @entity0 and @entity0 , but not total @entity2 nor LDL @entity2 . High @entity3 in @entity0 and low HDL @entity2 in @entity0 predicted the decline of renal function. It remains to be determined whether prospective treatment of @entity6 will protect against @entity1 .

title: @entity3 , but not total @entity2 or low-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels, predict development of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is related to left ventricular (LV) mass in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Furthermore, @entity5 reflects the severity of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity1 . We tested the diagnostic value of @entity5 for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and LV @entity1 in a large group of clinically stable hemodialysis @entity0 without @entity3 . RESULTS: @entity5 was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in @entity0 with @entity4 than in those with normal LV mass. In a multiple logistic regression model, adjusting for potential confounders (including @entity1 ), systolic pressure and @entity5 (both P = 0.003) were the strongest correlates of @entity4 . Similarly, @entity5 was significantly higher (P = 0.005) in @entity0 with @entity1 than in those with normal LV function and in a multiple logistic regression model @entity5 ranked as the second independent correlate of this alteration after male sex. Serum @entity5 had a high positive prediction value for the diagnosis of @entity4 (87%) but its negative prediction value was relatively low (44%). The positive predictive value of @entity5 for LV dysfunction was low (25%) while its negative predictive value was high (93%). A combined analysis including systolic pressure (for the diagnosis of @entity4 ) and sex (for the diagnosis of LV @entity1 ) augmented the diagnostic estimates to an important extent (95% positive prediction value for @entity4 and 98% negative prediction value for LV @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 has a fairly good diagnostic potential for the identification of @entity4 and for the exclusion of LV @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 without @entity3 . This marker may be useful for the screening of alterations in LV mass and function in clinically stable hemodialysis @entity0 .

title: Diagnostic value of troponin T for alterations in left ventricular mass and function in dialysis XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Enveloped viruses, e.g. @entity4 viruses may cause highly contagious airborne @entity1 . Their spread is difficult to control, also in hospitals. In the case of @entity3 and varicella immune prophylaxis and chemotherapy/chemoprophylaxis are possible. This is of particular significance, since varicella and zoster are of increasing importance for immunocompromized @entity0 . @entity2 is caused to a large extent by viruses. @entity6 play an important role in infancy, and are frequently acquired in the hospital. In a study on @entity5 of @entity0 in a hospital we were able to show that 30 percent of all @entity6 were of nosocomial origin. Admission of a rotavirus-excreting @entity0 (or personnel) may start a long chain of @entity6 on pediatric wards. Even careful hygienic measures in the hospital can hardly prevent the spread of @entity7 . @entity1 may be severe and lethal for newborns, as shown by us in a study on an outbreak of echovirus 11 disease on a maternity ward. We have recently obtained data on the "stickiness" of enteroviruses on @entity0 skin. This could explain essential features of the spread of enteroviruses in the population.

title: [Nosocomial virus XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the pleural and mediastinal effect of thoracentesis @entity3 -positive cytology in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) detected by @entity5 ray of @entity1 @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: The study was performed in @entity0 with @entity1 for whom @entity6 was evident in @entity5 ray films, who then underwent thoracentesis followed by video-assisted thoracoscopy (VAT) to evaluate direct @entity3 infiltration, mediastinal node involvement and the existence of @entity2 . @entity0 without contraindication underwent the procedure, even if @entity3 positive cytology was present. When @entity2 was found the treatment employed was talc pleurodesis and chemotherapy. Descriptive statistics were compiled and the validity of VAT for @entity2 diagnosis, of thoracentesis pleural cytology to detect infiltration of the @entity3 -adyacent pleura, @entity4 and @entity2 were calculated. Survival was also analyzed. RESULTS: @entity6 was present in 188 of 971 consecutive @entity1 @entity0 . Seventy two PEs were visible in the @entity5 ray films. Volume exceeded 425 mL. Tumor positive pleural cytology was detected in 29 cases (40%). Pleural @entity2 were found in 54 @entity0 , 23 of whom had @entity3 positive pleural cytology. In the other 6 @entity0 with positive cytology the @entity3 infiltrated the visceral pleura, completely in 5. In 4 of those 5, the mediastinal pleura was also involved. The @entity3 and diseased lymph nodes were removed from 11 @entity0 , 3 of them with tumoral pleural cytology. Visual pleural inspection by VAT had a sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 82%, positive predicted value ( @entity7 ) of 94% and negative predicted value (NPV) of 78% for the diagnosis of @entity2 . Thoracentesis cytology showed a sensitivity of 43%, specificity of 67%, @entity7 of 79% and NPV of 28% for @entity2 . For the evaluation of adjacent @entity8 , without @entity2 , the sensitivity of cytology was 40%, specificity 100%, @entity7 100% and NPV 25%. For mediastinal node invasion clinically evaluated, the sensitivity of cytology was 55%, specificity of 62%, @entity7 18% and NPV 90%. Survival after thoracotomy was 39% after 2 years, and the median survival time was 14.5 months. In the 11 resected @entity0 , survival was 53% at two years. The difference in survival between @entity0 treated by thoracotomy and those treated by talc pleurodesis after VAT was significant (p < 0.01). The 3 resected @entity0 with @entity3 -positive cytology survived 84, 39 and 25 months. CONCLUSIONS: Nineteen percent of @entity0 with @entity1 have @entity6 , of which 7% can be seen in @entity5 ray films. In such @entity0 the likelihood of @entity2 is 75%. Pleural @entity2 is not necessarily present when @entity6 cytology indicates that @entity3 is present. VAT can be considered the ideal technique for the assessment of direct pleural invasion by the @entity3 or of @entity2 .

title: [Thoracocentesis for the assessment of XXXX with @entity6 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the pleural and mediastinal effect of thoracentesis @entity3 -positive cytology in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) detected by @entity5 ray of @entity1 @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: The study was performed in @entity0 with @entity1 for whom @entity6 was evident in @entity5 ray films, who then underwent thoracentesis followed by video-assisted thoracoscopy (VAT) to evaluate direct @entity3 infiltration, mediastinal node involvement and the existence of @entity2 . @entity0 without contraindication underwent the procedure, even if @entity3 positive cytology was present. When @entity2 was found the treatment employed was talc pleurodesis and chemotherapy. Descriptive statistics were compiled and the validity of VAT for @entity2 diagnosis, of thoracentesis pleural cytology to detect infiltration of the @entity3 -adyacent pleura, @entity4 and @entity2 were calculated. Survival was also analyzed. RESULTS: @entity6 was present in 188 of 971 consecutive @entity1 @entity0 . Seventy two PEs were visible in the @entity5 ray films. Volume exceeded 425 mL. Tumor positive pleural cytology was detected in 29 cases (40%). Pleural @entity2 were found in 54 @entity0 , 23 of whom had @entity3 positive pleural cytology. In the other 6 @entity0 with positive cytology the @entity3 infiltrated the visceral pleura, completely in 5. In 4 of those 5, the mediastinal pleura was also involved. The @entity3 and diseased lymph nodes were removed from 11 @entity0 , 3 of them with tumoral pleural cytology. Visual pleural inspection by VAT had a sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 82%, positive predicted value ( @entity7 ) of 94% and negative predicted value (NPV) of 78% for the diagnosis of @entity2 . Thoracentesis cytology showed a sensitivity of 43%, specificity of 67%, @entity7 of 79% and NPV of 28% for @entity2 . For the evaluation of adjacent @entity8 , without @entity2 , the sensitivity of cytology was 40%, specificity 100%, @entity7 100% and NPV 25%. For mediastinal node invasion clinically evaluated, the sensitivity of cytology was 55%, specificity of 62%, @entity7 18% and NPV 90%. Survival after thoracotomy was 39% after 2 years, and the median survival time was 14.5 months. In the 11 resected @entity0 , survival was 53% at two years. The difference in survival between @entity0 treated by thoracotomy and those treated by talc pleurodesis after VAT was significant (p < 0.01). The 3 resected @entity0 with @entity3 -positive cytology survived 84, 39 and 25 months. CONCLUSIONS: Nineteen percent of @entity0 with @entity1 have @entity6 , of which 7% can be seen in @entity5 ray films. In such @entity0 the likelihood of @entity2 is 75%. Pleural @entity2 is not necessarily present when @entity6 cytology indicates that @entity3 is present. VAT can be considered the ideal technique for the assessment of direct pleural invasion by the @entity3 or of @entity2 .

title: [Thoracocentesis for the assessment of @entity1 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: The aim of the current study was to determine the ability of antigen-driven cloned helper cell independent cytotoxic T lymphocytes (HITc) to proliferate and to survive in vivo and to mediate @entity0 therapy. The HITc clone utilized (denoted 1.B6) was specifically cytolytic to @entity7 , a syngeneic Friend virus-induced @entity1 @entity3 . Activation in vitro (48 hr) with @entity7 induced secretion of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), expression of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and in vitro proliferation. These cells could be "rested" for several weeks without stimulation, which resulted in reduced expression of @entity6 ; however, restimulation with antigen resulted in reinduction of @entity6 and proliferation. The ability of cloned HITc to proliferate and to survive in vivo was examined in @entity2 (CY) pretreated donor @entity1 congenic for the @entity5 gene. Adoptively transferred cloned HITc could be found in large numbers, and were widely distributed in vivo 1 wk after transfer. In @entity0 therapy, 1.B6 cells when injected into a site of @entity0 (i.p.) and used as an adjunct to CY were effective against disseminated @entity7 . In this circumstance, cloned 1.B6 cells could be recovered from cured @entity1 125 days after transfer and were shown to specifically @entity0 and proliferate in vitro in response to @entity7 . Thus as an adjunct to CY, @entity0 -specific cloned HITc are capable of eradicating disseminated @entity3 , persisting long-term in vivo, and providing specific immunologic memory.

title: Antigen-driven T cell clones can proliferate in vivo, eradicate disseminated XXXX , and provide specific immunologic memory.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 with severe @entity1 complications and other side effects on conventional anticoagulants and strong indication for further anticoagulation were treated with a low molecular weight heparin fragment (Tedelparin). In this paper we report the experiences in 30 @entity0 , who were anticoagulated 1-11 months with this compound. All @entity0 injected themselves a dose ranging from 1 X 2,500 to 1 X 20,000 anti factor Xa units per day. Within 132 months of treatment one @entity0 with good compliance developed @entity2 . Four @entity0 had bad compliance. Two of them experienced rethrombosis 1 and 8 weeks after starting therapy. Severe @entity1 did not occur. Two @entity0 had one minor @entity1 complication each. Both @entity0 developed several times per year severe @entity1 with conventional anticoagulants. All excessive subcutaneous haematomas and indurations of the adipose tissue at the injection site of conventional heparin disappeared completely. Low molecular weight heparin can be regarded as an alternative anticoagulant in @entity0 with severe @entity1 and other complications on oral anticoagulants and conventional heparin.

title: [Ambulatory long-term prevention of XXXX with low-molecular weight heparin].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Causes and precipitating factors for @entity1 (NA) with @entity7 were sought in 43 @entity0 , focusing on a history of vaccination and desensitization. Mean age of @entity0 was 43.2 years. Diagnosis was based on histopathologic findings in 25 @entity0 , arteriography in 2, and clinical criteria in 16. History of allergic manifestations ( @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity5 , @entity2 ) was present in the family of 19 @entity0 . Forty-two @entity0 presented with @entity7 before development of NA and 23 of them were treated with @entity3 . Nineteen subjects gave a history of desensitization and 5 of vaccination in the 4 weeks preceding the disease. The main symptoms of NA were @entity7 in 43, fever in 25, weight loss in 31, @entity9 in 29, cutaneous signs in 25, digestive signs in 16 ( @entity6 , digestive bleeding, bowel perforation), @entity11 with @entity4 in 33. @entity8 was 8,212 +/- 6,214/mm3. Antigen HBs was found in 2 of 30 @entity0 . Prognosis of NA with @entity7 was good in 15 @entity0 who recovered completely from the disease. Seven @entity0 died and the other @entity0 improved but remained under treatment. The survival curve showed that 75% of @entity0 were alive after 60 months. Our findings suggest that different causes can be considered responsible for NA, and that, in cases of NA with @entity7 , there is reason to consider vaccination and desensitization as precipitating factors.

title: XXXX with @entity7 : causes and precipitating factors in 43 cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Causes and precipitating factors for @entity1 (NA) with @entity7 were sought in 43 @entity0 , focusing on a history of vaccination and desensitization. Mean age of @entity0 was 43.2 years. Diagnosis was based on histopathologic findings in 25 @entity0 , arteriography in 2, and clinical criteria in 16. History of allergic manifestations ( @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity5 , @entity2 ) was present in the family of 19 @entity0 . Forty-two @entity0 presented with @entity7 before development of NA and 23 of them were treated with @entity3 . Nineteen subjects gave a history of desensitization and 5 of vaccination in the 4 weeks preceding the disease. The main symptoms of NA were @entity7 in 43, fever in 25, weight loss in 31, @entity9 in 29, cutaneous signs in 25, digestive signs in 16 ( @entity6 , digestive bleeding, bowel perforation), @entity11 with @entity4 in 33. @entity8 was 8,212 +/- 6,214/mm3. Antigen HBs was found in 2 of 30 @entity0 . Prognosis of NA with @entity7 was good in 15 @entity0 who recovered completely from the disease. Seven @entity0 died and the other @entity0 improved but remained under treatment. The survival curve showed that 75% of @entity0 were alive after 60 months. Our findings suggest that different causes can be considered responsible for NA, and that, in cases of NA with @entity7 , there is reason to consider vaccination and desensitization as precipitating factors.

title: @entity1 with XXXX : causes and precipitating factors in 43 cases.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The prognostic significance of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) flow cytometry has been investigated for many solid @entity1 , but few data have been accumulated for @entity4 of the head and neck. To our knowledge, we report the largest number of @entity0 (69) with @entity2 to be studied by DNA flow cytometry. In the first part of this study, we reviewed 109 consecutive @entity0 with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal primary @entity3 which were treated at North Carolina Memorial Hospital during the period of 1981 to 1984. The final analysis comprised 139 DNA histograms (mean coefficient of variation: 8.02) on @entity5 -embedded specimens from 48 @entity0 . Of the 48 @entity0 with primary @entity3 , 24 had glottic, 18 had supraglottic, and 6 had @entity3 from the piriform sinus. @entity0 had follow-up for a minimum of 12 months, with a mean follow-up period of 23 months. Twenty-three of the 48 primary @entity3 (48%) were clearly aneuploid, and the remaining 52% were tetraploid (22%) or diploid (30%). We have concluded that @entity0 with clearly aneuploid primary @entity3 had significantly better prognoses than those with @entity1 (p = 0.008). High DNA amounts (greater than 40% of cells beyond the diploid peak, DNA G1G0) also correlated with a favorable prognosis when compared with low DNA amounts (p less than 0.01), and this remained significant when the clinical outcome was adjusted for staging of the primary site (T), nodal status, and stage of disease. Ploidy was the most significant prognostic variable for the laryngeal group of @entity0 . In the second part of the study, twenty-one @entity0 with oral @entity6 were studied in a similar fashion as the group with @entity3 . In this group, a low DNA amount, with 40% as the cutoff point, was associated with a favorable prognosis (p = 0.024), and this remained significant while controlling for T, nodal status, and stage of disease. Numbers were too small to permit evaluation of the impact of ploidy in this group, but there was a slight trend toward aneuploidy and @entity7 , correlating with a poor treatment outcome (p = 0.228). DNA amount was the most significant prognostic variable for the group of @entity0 with oral @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: DNA flow cytometry as a prognostic indicator in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The concomitant use of @entity3 and prolonged exposure to heat (CAH) is an increasingly common alternative to purely chemical means of reusing dialyzers. However, there are no data on the effects of reprocessing dialyzers with CAH beyond 15 uses. Increasing the number of reuses with CAH cannot be systematically undertaken unless its safety is documented. We hypothesized that discarding @entity5 dialyzers after the 25th rather than the 15th use would result in increased clearance of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) without clinically significant changes in small solute clearance or albumin loss. We studied 15 Fresenius F80B @entity5 dialyzers in five chronic hemodialysis @entity0 . Dialyzers were reprocessed using 1.5% @entity3 solution heated to 95 degrees C. Representative fractional collection and 10 minute timed collections of dialysate were performed at baseline and during uses 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 for each dialyzer. Dialysate-side @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity4 clearances were calculated, and total albumin was measured in dialysate. We used a mixed model to adjust for repeated measures (both within a given dialyzer and for the multiple dialyzers per @entity0 ). Of the 15 dialyzers studied, 3 (20%) failed before the 25th use. There was no significant change in @entity2 or @entity1 clearance with additional reuse (overall p values 0.20 and 0.60, respectively). A sustained increase in @entity4 clearance was observed after the fifth treatment compared with the first use (p < 0.001). Fractional collection showed that dialysate albumin loss increased significantly with additional reuses (p < 0.001) but did not increase significantly above baseline until treatment 25. Reprocessing of @entity5 dialyzers with CAH 25 times significantly increased albumin loss and @entity4 clearance but did not appear to affect @entity2 or @entity1 clearance. Increasing the maximum number of uses to 20 may permit cost savings compared with current practice without additional risk.

title: Extended reuse of @entity5 hemodialysis membranes using XXXX and heat.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The concomitant use of @entity3 and prolonged exposure to heat (CAH) is an increasingly common alternative to purely chemical means of reusing dialyzers. However, there are no data on the effects of reprocessing dialyzers with CAH beyond 15 uses. Increasing the number of reuses with CAH cannot be systematically undertaken unless its safety is documented. We hypothesized that discarding @entity5 dialyzers after the 25th rather than the 15th use would result in increased clearance of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) without clinically significant changes in small solute clearance or albumin loss. We studied 15 Fresenius F80B @entity5 dialyzers in five chronic hemodialysis @entity0 . Dialyzers were reprocessed using 1.5% @entity3 solution heated to 95 degrees C. Representative fractional collection and 10 minute timed collections of dialysate were performed at baseline and during uses 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 for each dialyzer. Dialysate-side @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity4 clearances were calculated, and total albumin was measured in dialysate. We used a mixed model to adjust for repeated measures (both within a given dialyzer and for the multiple dialyzers per @entity0 ). Of the 15 dialyzers studied, 3 (20%) failed before the 25th use. There was no significant change in @entity2 or @entity1 clearance with additional reuse (overall p values 0.20 and 0.60, respectively). A sustained increase in @entity4 clearance was observed after the fifth treatment compared with the first use (p < 0.001). Fractional collection showed that dialysate albumin loss increased significantly with additional reuses (p < 0.001) but did not increase significantly above baseline until treatment 25. Reprocessing of @entity5 dialyzers with CAH 25 times significantly increased albumin loss and @entity4 clearance but did not appear to affect @entity2 or @entity1 clearance. Increasing the maximum number of uses to 20 may permit cost savings compared with current practice without additional risk.

title: Extended reuse of XXXX hemodialysis membranes using @entity3 and heat.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of transcatheter reocclusion of persistent leaks following previously attempted transcatheter occlusion of persistent @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Tertiary pediatric cardiology centre. @entity0 : From February 1987 through October 1996, trans-catheter occlusion of a residual ductal shunt was attempted in 42 consecutive @entity0 at a median age of 5.0 years (range 1.6 years to 16.2 years). INTERVENTIONS: Fourty @entity0 had successful placement of a double umbrella occluder (n=27) or coils (n=13) across residual shunts. Complications included device embolization in two @entity0 and @entity3 in one @entity0 . OUTCOME MEASURES AND RESULTS: Mean z-score for left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) at initial echocardiography was +2.55 +/- 1.89 (P<0.0001 versus normal); z-score for left pulmonary artery ( @entity4 ) diameter was +2.00 +/- 1.52 (P<0.0001). Mean @entity4 to right pulmonary artery (RPA) diameter ratio was 1.05 +/- 0.18. At follow-up echocardiogram, a median of two years (range six months to 7.7 years) after the second procedure, a shunt was persistent in 3% of the @entity0 . Mean LVEDD and @entity4 diameter z-value, and mean @entity4 to RPA diameter had dropped significantly to +0.42 +/- 1.31, +0.07 +/- 1.15 and 0.86 +/- 0.14 (P<0.001), respectively. @entity4 flow acceleration was present in 25% of @entity0 . Three of nine @entity0 , in whom lung perfusion scan was performed, had left lung perfusion below 40%. Small weight and age at catheterization were significant risk factors for @entity4 flow disturbance. CONCLUSIONS: Repeat transcatheter occlusion is safe and successful in eliminating residual shunt across the @entity1 . Attention should, however, be addressed to the potential for @entity4 @entity2 and growth, and flow should be regularly assessed.

title: Transcatheter management of residual shunts after initial transcatheter closure of a patent XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Most studies of @entity0 vascular smooth muscle cell mechanics and pharmacology have relied upon data from intact tissue preparations. The purpose of this study was to determine how single @entity0 vascular smooth muscle cell pharmacological sensitivity to @entity1 and force development compared to the intact tissue from which it was derived. Thus, techniques were developed for isolating large numbers (5 X 10(5) cells/ml) of cells from @entity2 carotid arteries. Single cells were spindle-shaped with dimensions of 117 +/- 11 (SE) micron in length by 7 +/- 1 (SE) micron in diameter (n = 27). The effect of @entity1 concentration on cell length was studied in suspensions of freshly isolated cells. @entity1 concentration-response curves revealed that single smooth muscle cells shortened to @entity1 concentrations in a graded fashion, and that shortening was mediated through @entity1 H1 receptors. The threshold for 10% of maximum response occurred at 8.0 X 10(-11) M @entity1 . This threshold was at least three orders of magnitude lower than the threshold for 10% of maximum tension in the intact tissue under isometric conditions. In addition to cellular pharmacology, mechanical studies were performed by tying a single cell to an ultrasensitive force transducer. Active stresses of 0.5 +/- 0.1 X 10(5) N/m2 (n = 4) were measured in response to electrical stimulation for cells in low extracellular @entity3 (0.5 mM). These data suggest that @entity1 sensitivity and smooth muscle cell mechanics may best be determined in single cell studies that minimize diffusional barriers to agonist and avoid intercellular interactions that are present in the intact tissue.

title: Pharmacology and force development of single freshly isolated XXXX carotid artery smooth muscle cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A method was developed for the determination of @entity2 in urine. The sample was pumped through the donor channel of a membrane extraction unit with a micro-porous membrane, separating the donor channel from an identical acceptor channel purged with @entity0 . The analyte reached the acceptor channel by diffusion through the membrane and was then swept by the carrier to a solid sorbent tube, where it was trapped. The analyte was subsequently thermally desorbed and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). After optimization, the recovery was close to quantitative, or 95%. Purging the membrane unit with pure water in between the samples eliminated any memory effects. The linearity was good in the concentration range examined (20-4000 ng l(-1)), with a correlation coefficient of 0.9996. The repeatability at 50 ng l(-1) and 400 ng l(-1) was 1.4% and 1.2%, respectively. The limit of detection was 12 ng l(-1) and the limit of quantification 35 ng l(-1). This enables assessment of @entity2 exposures of occupationally exposed subjects, of smokers and the majority of the general population. The developed method can be easily automated.

title: A combination of micro-porous membrane liquid-gas extraction and solid-phase trapping for ultra trace determination of XXXX in urine.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Stent-grafts are ideally terminated within the common iliac artery (CIA). However, @entity5 may require @entity1 , with stent-graft extension to the external iliac artery. Alternatively, the diameter of the distal stent-graft may be increased, or flared, to allow exclusion of the @entity3 . This report details the authors' experience with this technique. Forty-one @entity0 received bifurcated stent-grafts (BSG): 20 received an AneuRx device, and 21 received a Zenith device. @entity5 (diameter 15-25 mm) was treated with a distal flare of 2-4 mm greater than the CIA diameter. @entity0 were followed up with computed tomography scan at 1, 6, and 12 months. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA within groups and unpaired two-tailed t test between groups. A p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Eight of 20 @entity0 (40%) (11 CIA) received an AneuRx device and 13/21 (62%) (17 CIA) received a Zenith device, with a distal flare. Values are (n) mean (mm) +/- SE. There were no deaths, endoleaks, migrations, or conversions to open repair. Follow-up mean was 24.7 and 20.6 (range 15-28) months for AneuRx and Zenith groups, respectively. In comparing initial and 12-month CIA diameters, AneuRx grafts 20 +/-0.8 vs 21.5 +/-1.0 were not significantly different, p = 0.2, nor was the same comparison for Zenith, 17 +/-0.5 vs 19.1 +/-0.4, significant, p = 0.57. At a mean follow-up of 12 months, distal flare of iliac limbs with either @entity4 affords a seal for @entity5 and/or @entity2 complicating EVAR.

title: A comparison of AneuRx aortic cuff and zenith distal flare exclusion of common iliac artery ectasia for XXXX repair.

answer: @entity2


abstract: At our hospital ultrasound (US) is used as an initial screening procedure in all @entity0 with abdominal symptoms. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of this policy on the detection of ileocecal @entity1 . We retrospectively studied all @entity0 with a new diagnosis of ileocecal @entity1 from our institute over the period 1990-2001. The final diagnosis was based on clinical follow-up and pathological, surgical, US, and other radiological findings. We noted who referred the @entity0 to the radiology department, what the initial clinical presumption was, and what the first imaging study was. US diagnoses were determined from the initial US report and US findings were registered from the images. There were a total of 47 @entity0 (20 @entity0 , 27 @entity0 ) with a mean age of 30 years and a median age of 27 years (range 14-75 years). In all @entity0 the initial imaging study was an abdominal US. Using US, a confident diagnosis of ileocecal @entity1 was made in 35 of the 47 @entity0 , @entity1 was suggested among the differential diagnosis in 10, and an incorrect diagnosis was made in 2 @entity0 . In 28 of 47 @entity0 , the referring physician did not consider @entity1 when requesting the initial US examination. In eight @entity0 with @entity2 -like symptoms, the US findings strongly influenced the decision to refrain from operation at that point in time. US, when used as a low-threshold diagnostic procedure, is a reliable and noninvasive means for making an early diagnosis of ileocecal @entity1 in @entity0 who present with atypical symptoms. It may prevent both unnecessary therapeutic delay as well as unnecessary surgery.

title: Detection of ileocecal XXXX using ultrasound as the primary imaging modality.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Since the advent of brainstem auditory evoked response audiometry and computerized tomography, small @entity4 are more frequently found. Often the @entity0 has serviceable hearing, which we would like to preserve during complete @entity1 removal. Since 1978, sixteen @entity0 with @entity4 have been operated upon through the retrosigmoid suboccipital approach, with the goal of hearing preservation. In 1983, we began using intraoperative direct eighth nerve monitoring, which produced a rapid assessment of cochlear nerve function during the excision of small @entity4 . The @entity1 varied in size from intracanalicular lesions to one lesion with a 3.0 cm protrusion medial to the porus acousticus. In eight of sixteen cases, intraoperative monitoring was used, and in four of the @entity0 hearing was preserved. In eight cases, intraoperative monitoring was not used, and hearing was preserved in only two @entity0 . The overall success rate--in @entity1 removal with hearing preservation--was 37%. Hearing was preserved in six of eight @entity0 who had @entity1 which measured less than 1.5 cm. In this group of cases, two of the @entity0 had a Class I good hearing result (PTA 0 to 30 dB and 70 to 100% discrimination), one @entity0 had Class III nonserviceable hearing, (PTA 65 to 75 dB and 25 to 45% discrimination), and three @entity0 had Class IV poor hearing, ( @entity3 80 to 100 dB and 0 to 20% discrimination). We found that continuous monitoring of direct eighth-nerve-evoked action potentials were extremely valuable and rapidly indicated reversible cochlear nerve @entity2 .

title: Hearing preservation after XXXX surgery with intraoperative direct eighth cranial nerve monitoring: Part II. A classification of results.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Cytologic reports were compared to final diagnoses for 1,157 gastroesophageal samples from an eight-year period in order to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic cytology and to determine the significance of a "suspicious" cytologic report. In the subgroup of @entity0 with @entity3 evaluated by paired endoscopic biopsy and cytology, the relative and combined sensitivities of the sampling methods were studied. Cytologic examination was reported as positive or suspicious in 85% of 229 cases of @entity1 . There were three false-positive diagnoses of @entity4 of the esophagus, representing 0.3% of all submitted samples. Suspicious cytologic reports were issued in 5% of all cases. The majority (63%) of @entity0 with a suspicious cytologic report had a final diagnosis of @entity1 , with @entity2 present in almost half of the cases. @entity3 was diagnosed in 168 of the @entity0 . Combined endoscopic biopsy and cytology was more sensitive (96%) than biopsy alone (90%) in making the initial diagnosis. Cytology may be of particular value in the diagnosis of @entity1 when the lesions are small and superficial or where stricture precludes adequate biopsy. Regardless of the biopsy findings, @entity0 with "suspicious" cytologic reports require careful reevaluation since a high percentage of those cases in our series were subsequently verified as having @entity1 .

title: The endoscopic diagnosis of XXXX . A cytologic review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a day service for @entity0 aged 18-55 years who had a @entity1 . DESIGN: A randomized cross-over study design was used, randomly allocating individuals to attend the service for six months followed by a period of no attendance for six months. SETTING: A day service pilot project was launched in Cardiff in July 1995 for @entity0 who were aged between 18 and 55 years and had a @entity1 . It met one day a week. SUBJECTS: Twenty-six @entity0 were recruited to the study between June 1998 and February 2000. Their mean age was 48 years (SD = 7). INTERVENTIONS: The service aimed to offer @entity0 the opportunity to identify and pursue meaningful and realistic opportunities within the community. A range of activities occurred at the service including creative activities and social outings. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Barthel ADL Index, Extended ADL Scale, Nottingham Leisure Questionnaire, Short Form 36, the Hospital Anxiety and @entity3 Scale, the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, the Role Checklist and the Semantic Differential Self Concept Scale were used to assess the outcomes from the service. RESULTS: Attending the service increased occupational performance and satisfaction with performance but there was no evidence that @entity3 and @entity2 were reduced or that quality of life and self-concept were improved. CONCLUSION: Although there were some gains from attending the service there were also many unmet needs. Further research is required to continue to identify how best to meet the needs of individuals post @entity1 under retirement age.

title: Evaluation of a pilot service designed to provide support following XXXX : a randomized cross-over design study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Several recent case reports have shown that @entity3 and @entity5 negatively affect glycemic control in @entity1 @entity0 . However, there have been no systematic studies to assess the prevalence of clinical or subclinical @entity2 among @entity1 @entity0 or to determine the impact of such disturbances on glycemic control. This study reports a survey of 202 adolescents, aged 12-18 yr, seen in the @entity1 , @entity0 's Hospital of Pittsburgh, who were asked to complete the Binge Eating Scale (BES) and the EAT-26 questionnaire. Responses of @entity1 @entity0 to the EAT-26 questionnaire were compared with those of a nondiabetic control group and were related to measures of glycemic control. @entity1 subjects scored higher on the total EAT-26 than nondiabetic control subjects, ordinarily indicative of more eating pathology. However, @entity1 subjects scored higher only on the dieting subscale of this questionnaire, probably reflecting adherence to the @entity1 dietary regimen. Subjects with @entity1 scored lower, or did not differ significantly, from nondiabetic control subjects on measures of oral control and @entity5 . Among @entity1 subjects, self-reported bulimic behaviors were related to poorer glycemic control. @entity0 with the highest scores on the BES had an average @entity4 of 13.1% compared with 11.8% for age- and sex-matched @entity0 at the 50th percentile, and 10.8% for @entity0 in the lowest 10th percentile. Further studies are needed to determine whether modification of these eating behaviors would improve glycemic control.

title: XXXX and glycemic control in adolescents with type I diabetes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The genetic variants in the Fcepsilon receptor I beta gene ( @entity6 ) and the T allele of the ( @entity8 ) polymorphism of @entity3 gene promoter were reported to be associated with @entity1 . But the data of the studies in different populations are contrasting with one another. METHODS: A group of 25 Italian nuclear families were studied. In each family at least two allergic subjects were present. The allergic @entity0 were 65 and the allergic relatives were 35. One hundred and three nonallergic unrelated controls included outpatiens with no history of @entity1 . The ( @entity8 ) promoter polymorphism of the @entity3 and the genetic variant @entity6 of @entity5 genes were analysed by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: A significant difference was observed in the genotype frequency at codon 237 of the @entity5 gene between allergic @entity0 and nonatopic control (P < 0.01) and in the allergic relatives (P < 0.001). In the @entity0 , the @entity6 polymorphism was also associated with elevated circulating levels of immunoglobulin E. The @entity4 allele of @entity3 promoter gene showed no association with @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the @entity6 polymorphism of the @entity5 gene was associated with @entity1 . Our results have not pointed out an association between the ( @entity8 ) promoter polymorphism of the @entity3 gene and @entity1 . These data suggest the potential role of the @entity7 gene in the development of the @entity2 .

title: Molecular analysis of sequence variants in the Fcepsilon receptor I beta gene and XXXX gene promoter in Italian atopic families.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: Polymorphous low-grade @entity3 ( @entity9 ) is the second most common type of @entity2 in minor salivary glands. Its origin in major salivary glands is considered exceedingly rare. Herein, we present three cases of de novo @entity9 arising in major salivary glands. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three cases of @entity9 were identified in a large series of primary @entity2 of major salivary glands. We investigated their clinicopathological profiles, including immunohistochemical features. The three @entity0 (two @entity0 and one @entity0 ) were 51, 65, and 79 years old. The @entity2 were 20-30 mm large; two were in the parotid gland and one in the submandibular gland. Histologically, all the @entity2 had a polymorphous architectural pattern showing predominantly solid, tubular, and cribriform features and @entity5 . Papillary areas were observed focally in two @entity2 and an 'Indian-file' array in one. The @entity2 cells had a bland cytological appearance and low mitotic count. Two @entity2 showed @entity1 . No preexisting @entity8 was identified. In all cases, @entity2 cells were positive for epithelial markers, @entity7 protein, and vimentin but negative for @entity4 . Proliferative activities assessed with the Ki67 labelling index were 4.3%, 7.1%, and 7.6%; no @entity6 overexpression was observed. Two @entity0 had local recurrence, but none had @entity1 or died of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: PLGAs arising in major salivary glands and those in minor salivary glands have similar clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics. It is important to recognize that @entity9 can occur ab initio in the major salivary glands, although it is extremely rare.

title: Polymorphous low-grade XXXX of the major salivary glands: report of three cases in an unusual location.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Past and ongoing studies indicate that the selectively bred P line of @entity0 satisfies virtually all the suggested criteria for an animal model of @entity3 . They attain pharmacologically active levels of BAC and develop tolerance and physical dependence with voluntary oral @entity4 ingestion, while in the free-feeding state. @entity4 is positively reinforcing to the @entity5 and consumption appears to be directed by the post-ingestive, pharmacological effects of @entity4 , as revealed by the intragastric self-administration studies. Some interesting differences between the P and the NP lines have been uncovered. They differ in the content of @entity2 in several brain regions and they respond differently to @entity4 . The @entity5 develop acute tolerance to sedative-hypnotic doses of @entity4 more rapidly than do the NP @entity0 , and they exhibit stimulation with low doses of @entity4 . These differences suggest hypotheses on mechanisms underlying @entity1 -seeking behavior which can now be tested experimentally. It should be emphasized, however, that the described findings are the product of but a single genetic experiment. Clearly, replication is needed, and we are currently doing this, using a better defined, heterogeneous stock of @entity0 . This one experiment, however, has demonstrated the feasibility of developing animal models of @entity3 and offers hope that the genetic and biological basis of @entity1 -seeking behavior can be explored in the laboratory. The screening and testing of pharmacological agents able to deter @entity1 -seeking behavior is an obvious practical application of this model.

title: Studies on an animal model of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To further assess, in a phase 3 study, treatment with @entity4 for @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in other geographical regions, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Finland, Poland, South Africa and Spain, as previous trials in North America and Europe provided evidence for the safety and efficacy of @entity4 as a pharmacological treatment for @entity3 in @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: The study included 458 @entity0 aged 27-79 years enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The @entity0 with predominantly @entity3 were identified using a validated clinical algorithm. They were randomly assigned to receive placebo (231) or @entity4 40 mg twice daily (227) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome variables included the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and the Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL) questionnaire. Van Elteren's test was used to analyse the percentage changes in @entity1 where the stratification variable was weekly baseline @entity1 ( @entity1 < 14 and > or = 14). Analysis of covariance was used to analyse I-QOL scores. RESULTS: The mean baseline @entity1 was 18.4/week; 55% of @entity0 had a baseline @entity1 of > or = 14. There was a significantly greater median decrease in @entity1 with @entity4 with placebo (54% vs 40%, P = 0.05), with comparable significant improvements in quality of life (I-QOL score increases of 10.3 vs 6.4, P = 0.007). The improvements with @entity4 were associated with significantly greater increases in voiding intervals than with placebo (20.4 vs 8.5 min, P < 0.001). The placebo response was 10.7% and 12.5% higher than those reported in two European and North American phase 3 trials. This may have been related to more @entity0 being na  ve for @entity1 management in the current trial. Discontinuation rates for adverse events were 1.7% for placebo and 17.2% for @entity4 (P < 0.001), with @entity2 being the most common reason for discontinuation (3.1%); it was the most common adverse event with @entity4 , but was mild or moderate in most (81%), did not worsen in any @entity0 and resolved within 7 days in 60% and within 1 month in 86% of continuing @entity0 ; 88% of @entity0 who experienced @entity2 while taking @entity4 completed the trial. CONCLUSIONS: These results show improvements in @entity1 and quality of life with @entity4 40 mg twice daily for 12 weeks that are in keeping with those reported in two other recently completed phase 3 trials in Europe and North America.

title: @entity4 vs placebo in the treatment of XXXX : a four-continent randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To further assess, in a phase 3 study, treatment with @entity4 for @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in other geographical regions, including Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Finland, Poland, South Africa and Spain, as previous trials in North America and Europe provided evidence for the safety and efficacy of @entity4 as a pharmacological treatment for @entity3 in @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: The study included 458 @entity0 aged 27-79 years enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The @entity0 with predominantly @entity3 were identified using a validated clinical algorithm. They were randomly assigned to receive placebo (231) or @entity4 40 mg twice daily (227) for 12 weeks. The primary outcome variables included the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and the Incontinence Quality of Life (I-QOL) questionnaire. Van Elteren's test was used to analyse the percentage changes in @entity1 where the stratification variable was weekly baseline @entity1 ( @entity1 < 14 and > or = 14). Analysis of covariance was used to analyse I-QOL scores. RESULTS: The mean baseline @entity1 was 18.4/week; 55% of @entity0 had a baseline @entity1 of > or = 14. There was a significantly greater median decrease in @entity1 with @entity4 with placebo (54% vs 40%, P = 0.05), with comparable significant improvements in quality of life (I-QOL score increases of 10.3 vs 6.4, P = 0.007). The improvements with @entity4 were associated with significantly greater increases in voiding intervals than with placebo (20.4 vs 8.5 min, P < 0.001). The placebo response was 10.7% and 12.5% higher than those reported in two European and North American phase 3 trials. This may have been related to more @entity0 being na  ve for @entity1 management in the current trial. Discontinuation rates for adverse events were 1.7% for placebo and 17.2% for @entity4 (P < 0.001), with @entity2 being the most common reason for discontinuation (3.1%); it was the most common adverse event with @entity4 , but was mild or moderate in most (81%), did not worsen in any @entity0 and resolved within 7 days in 60% and within 1 month in 86% of continuing @entity0 ; 88% of @entity0 who experienced @entity2 while taking @entity4 completed the trial. CONCLUSIONS: These results show improvements in @entity1 and quality of life with @entity4 40 mg twice daily for 12 weeks that are in keeping with those reported in two other recently completed phase 3 trials in Europe and North America.

title: XXXX vs placebo in the treatment of @entity3 : a four-continent randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 17 beta-Hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase, as well as @entity15 and @entity12 sulfatases, were found in the plasma membrane of microvilli of the fetal syncytiotrophoblast. Because of their location, these enzymes may influence feto-maternal transfer of @entity4 circulating as @entity13 , the utilization of sulfated @entity3 precursors and the proportion of @entity7 and @entity1 delivered towards fetal and maternal circulations. Microvillar vesicles isolated from @entity0 term placentas were @entity8 medium to obtain a membrane preparation. A fraction of the @entity1 17 beta-oxidoreductase ( @entity14 ) activity in the vesicle remained associated to the membrane after disruption and treatment with 2 M @entity6 . The membrane-associated activity was resistant to inhibition with trypsin and did not react with a polyclonal antibody which neutralized cytosolic @entity14 activity. The membrane-associated enzyme was solubilized with a @entity10 - @entity5 buffer solution and purified on Sephadex G-100. The estimated molecular weight of the solubilized enzyme (137 kDa) appears to correspond to a tetramer since it was found to be about twice the size of the cytosolic enzyme. Both enzymes focused in @entity9 gels at pH 5.2. The Km relative to E2 of the membrane-associated @entity14 (1.3 microM) differs from those of mitochondrial (0.43 microM), microsomal (0.69 microM) and cytosolic (11 microM) fractions. The cytosolic and the microvillar membrane associated @entity16 oxidoreductases also differ in their specificity for @entity11 and C19 @entity2 substrates and in their pH dependence patterns. Sulfatases acting on @entity15 and @entity12 in microvillar membranes were insensitive to trypsin and as resistant to washes with 2 M @entity6 as alkaline phosphatase. This data indicated that @entity2 sulfatases are also microvillar membrane associated enzymes of potential physiologic importance in the hydrolysis of @entity3 precursors.

title: XXXX metabolizing enzymes associated with the microvillar membrane of @entity0 placenta.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 17 beta-Hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase, as well as @entity15 and @entity12 sulfatases, were found in the plasma membrane of microvilli of the fetal syncytiotrophoblast. Because of their location, these enzymes may influence feto-maternal transfer of @entity4 circulating as @entity13 , the utilization of sulfated @entity3 precursors and the proportion of @entity7 and @entity1 delivered towards fetal and maternal circulations. Microvillar vesicles isolated from @entity0 term placentas were @entity8 medium to obtain a membrane preparation. A fraction of the @entity1 17 beta-oxidoreductase ( @entity14 ) activity in the vesicle remained associated to the membrane after disruption and treatment with 2 M @entity6 . The membrane-associated activity was resistant to inhibition with trypsin and did not react with a polyclonal antibody which neutralized cytosolic @entity14 activity. The membrane-associated enzyme was solubilized with a @entity10 - @entity5 buffer solution and purified on Sephadex G-100. The estimated molecular weight of the solubilized enzyme (137 kDa) appears to correspond to a tetramer since it was found to be about twice the size of the cytosolic enzyme. Both enzymes focused in @entity9 gels at pH 5.2. The Km relative to E2 of the membrane-associated @entity14 (1.3 microM) differs from those of mitochondrial (0.43 microM), microsomal (0.69 microM) and cytosolic (11 microM) fractions. The cytosolic and the microvillar membrane associated @entity16 oxidoreductases also differ in their specificity for @entity11 and C19 @entity2 substrates and in their pH dependence patterns. Sulfatases acting on @entity15 and @entity12 in microvillar membranes were insensitive to trypsin and as resistant to washes with 2 M @entity6 as alkaline phosphatase. This data indicated that @entity2 sulfatases are also microvillar membrane associated enzymes of potential physiologic importance in the hydrolysis of @entity3 precursors.

title: @entity2 metabolizing enzymes associated with the microvillar membrane of XXXX placenta.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Adverse effects and venous blood @entity10 concentrations were monitored over a period of 7 months in @entity0 with @entity2 treated with @entity6 ( @entity8 ). During the 1st, 4th, 12th, 20th, and 28th weeks of therapy, blood samples for analysis of @entity10 and anticonvulsants were taken immediately before the morning dose of @entity8 as well as 2 h after dosing. In all, 40 @entity0 completed the follow-up; 16 of these (Group 1) received @entity8 alone, while the remaining 24 (Group 2) were treated simultaneously with @entity8 and other anticonvulsants ( @entity1 , @entity9 , and/or @entity7 ). In Group 1 @entity0 , a slight though significant increase in @entity10 concentrations was found during long-term @entity8 treatment; this trend was even more pronounced in Group 2 @entity0 . The difference between postdose and predose @entity10 levels in Group 2 @entity0 was significant at each of the five follow-up examinations. In contrast, no such difference was demonstrated in @entity0 of Group 1. @entity8 concentrations were found to be consistently higher in Group 2 @entity0 than in Group 1. Twenty-three @entity0 complained of various long-term adverse effects, while the other 17 remained symptom-free. The adverse effects reported included drowsiness, @entity4 , @entity5 , hair loss, and @entity3 . Our data confirm the previously suggested hypothesis that changes in venous blood @entity10 are particularly evident in @entity0 taking @entity8 in combination with other antiepileptic drugs, such as @entity1 and @entity9 .

title: Long-term treatment with XXXX : monitoring of venous @entity10 concentrations and adverse effects.

answer: @entity6