abstract: A @entity0 B cell line, TKS-1, which was established from the peripheral blood of a @entity0 with @entity1 , was found to spontaneously produce a factor which enhances the activity of @entity4 ). This factor, designated B cell-derived growth-enhancing factor (BGEF), enhanced @entity4 -induced proliferation of peanut agglutinin nonagglutinated thymocytes. BGEF also enhanced @entity4 -induced production of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) by both thymocytes and a @entity0 T cell clone, HSB.2 C5B2. BGEF alone did not induce the production of @entity3 . BGEF failed to induce proliferation of the @entity3 -dependent T cell clone, and did not enhance its response to @entity3 . The activity of BGEF was not blocked by antisera against @entity0 @entity2 or @entity0 @entity4 . Gel filtration analysis revealed that BGEF has a m.w. of 60,000 to 65,000 in its native state. We concluded that BGEF differed from @entity4 and @entity3 , but is a novel factor produced by TKS-1 cells. In addition, we found that partially purified B cells from @entity0 with @entity1 produced factors which enhanced the activity of @entity4 .

title: Characterization of a B cell-derived growth-enhancing factor produced by a @entity0 B cell line established from a @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A @entity0 B cell line, TKS-1, which was established from the peripheral blood of a @entity0 with @entity1 , was found to spontaneously produce a factor which enhances the activity of @entity4 ). This factor, designated B cell-derived growth-enhancing factor (BGEF), enhanced @entity4 -induced proliferation of peanut agglutinin nonagglutinated thymocytes. BGEF also enhanced @entity4 -induced production of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) by both thymocytes and a @entity0 T cell clone, HSB.2 C5B2. BGEF alone did not induce the production of @entity3 . BGEF failed to induce proliferation of the @entity3 -dependent T cell clone, and did not enhance its response to @entity3 . The activity of BGEF was not blocked by antisera against @entity0 @entity2 or @entity0 @entity4 . Gel filtration analysis revealed that BGEF has a m.w. of 60,000 to 65,000 in its native state. We concluded that BGEF differed from @entity4 and @entity3 , but is a novel factor produced by TKS-1 cells. In addition, we found that partially purified B cells from @entity0 with @entity1 produced factors which enhanced the activity of @entity4 .

title: Characterization of a B cell-derived growth-enhancing factor produced by a XXXX B cell line established from a @entity0 with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A @entity0 B cell line, TKS-1, which was established from the peripheral blood of a @entity0 with @entity1 , was found to spontaneously produce a factor which enhances the activity of @entity4 ). This factor, designated B cell-derived growth-enhancing factor (BGEF), enhanced @entity4 -induced proliferation of peanut agglutinin nonagglutinated thymocytes. BGEF also enhanced @entity4 -induced production of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) by both thymocytes and a @entity0 T cell clone, HSB.2 C5B2. BGEF alone did not induce the production of @entity3 . BGEF failed to induce proliferation of the @entity3 -dependent T cell clone, and did not enhance its response to @entity3 . The activity of BGEF was not blocked by antisera against @entity0 @entity2 or @entity0 @entity4 . Gel filtration analysis revealed that BGEF has a m.w. of 60,000 to 65,000 in its native state. We concluded that BGEF differed from @entity4 and @entity3 , but is a novel factor produced by TKS-1 cells. In addition, we found that partially purified B cells from @entity0 with @entity1 produced factors which enhanced the activity of @entity4 .

title: Characterization of a B cell-derived growth-enhancing factor produced by a @entity0 B cell line established from a XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Traditionally, the method used mostly to identify antinuclear antibody (ANA) specificities is the counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique (CIE), in which a salt extract of @entity2 thymus powder (so-called extractable nuclear antigen or ENA) serves as the source of antigen. Recently, the immunoblotting technique (IBT) has been introduced in the serology of antinuclear antibodies. A nuclear extract of HeLa cells is generally used as antigen in this method. In this paper, we compared both methods using sera of @entity0 with active @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Only anti-Sm, anti-RNP, and Anti- @entity6 were taken into consideration, as the former technique only allowed the identification of these specificities. Within these restrictions, we found that, of 77 @entity0 with @entity3 , 21 had CIE-detectable antibodies in their circulation and 29 IBT-detectable antibodies. Anti-RNP and anti- @entity6 were detected more frequently with the CIE than with the IBT; anti-Sm, on the other hand, was detected more frequently with the IBT than with the CIE. Several significant correlations were found between incidences of measured antibody specificities and disease features. The presence of anti-RNP (both if measured with the IBT or with the CIE) was found to be negatively correlated with @entity4 . If measured with the IBT, the presence of anti-Sm correlated negatively with @entity5 , and the presence of anti- @entity6 correlated positively with @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Antinuclear antibodies in @entity0 with XXXX : a comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis and immunoblotting.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Traditionally, the method used mostly to identify antinuclear antibody (ANA) specificities is the counterimmunoelectrophoresis technique (CIE), in which a salt extract of @entity2 thymus powder (so-called extractable nuclear antigen or ENA) serves as the source of antigen. Recently, the immunoblotting technique (IBT) has been introduced in the serology of antinuclear antibodies. A nuclear extract of HeLa cells is generally used as antigen in this method. In this paper, we compared both methods using sera of @entity0 with active @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Only anti-Sm, anti-RNP, and Anti- @entity6 were taken into consideration, as the former technique only allowed the identification of these specificities. Within these restrictions, we found that, of 77 @entity0 with @entity3 , 21 had CIE-detectable antibodies in their circulation and 29 IBT-detectable antibodies. Anti-RNP and anti- @entity6 were detected more frequently with the CIE than with the IBT; anti-Sm, on the other hand, was detected more frequently with the IBT than with the CIE. Several significant correlations were found between incidences of measured antibody specificities and disease features. The presence of anti-RNP (both if measured with the IBT or with the CIE) was found to be negatively correlated with @entity4 . If measured with the IBT, the presence of anti-Sm correlated negatively with @entity5 , and the presence of anti- @entity6 correlated positively with @entity1 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Antinuclear antibodies in XXXX with @entity3 : a comparison of counterimmunoelectrophoresis and immunoblotting.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The prognostic value of left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) measured during maximal exercise testing early after @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was assessed in 75 @entity0 , aged 65 years or younger, a mean of 36 days after @entity3 . At follow-up for a mean 12 months (range 6 to 26), medical complications developed in 15 @entity0 : @entity1 in 5, @entity7 in 1, reinfarction in 2, @entity6 in 5, and severe @entity4 in 2. Seven other @entity0 underwent coronary artery bypass grafting for severe @entity5 . When LVEF less than 50% at rest was compared with LVEF of 50% or more, the 2-year life-table survival free of complications was 54 +/- 21% compared with 84 +/- 19% (p less than 0.05). When exercise LVEF less than 50% was compared with LVEF of 50% or more, the 2-year survival rate free of medical complication was 42 +/- 32% compared with 83 +/- 20% (p less than 0.05). LVEF change from rest to exercise was not related to prognosis. @entity0 with combined medical and surgical events tended to have lower rest and exercise LVEFs, but changes in LVEF during exercise were again unrelated to prognosis. Sixty-five @entity0 underwent coronary arteriography. After inferior @entity3 the mean LVEF was lower in those with multivessel than in those with 1-vessel @entity2 at rest (47 +/- 13% vs 59 +/- 7%, p less than 0.005) and during exercise (47 +/- 13% vs 59 +/- 9%, p less than 0.005); however, the change in LVEF during exercise was not related to coronary anatomy anatomy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Usefulness of ejection fraction response to exercise one month after XXXX in predicting coronary anatomy and prognosis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effects of transfer of @entity3 ( @entity3 )-expanded spleen cells after concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation into syngeneic Lewis @entity0 were studied. The recipient @entity0 were immunized with complete Freund's adjuvant for induction of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or @entity1 type II collagen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant for induction of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) on day 0. Each of 5 X 10(7) cultured cells without mitogenic stimulation, 2 X 10(7) Con A-stimulated cells, or 1 X 10(7) @entity3 -expanded cells cultured for 8 days (4 days X 2 culture cycles) after Con A stimulation was given on days 0 and 7. Both transfers of the cultured cells without stimulation and @entity3 -expanded cells markedly diminished the severity of @entity2 and @entity2 . On the contrary, transfer of Con A-stimulated cells led to no suppressive activity. In addition, transfer to @entity3 -expanded cells significantly lowered the titre of anti-type II collagen antibody compared to that of control @entity0 . The transfer of 1 X 10(7) @entity3 -expanded cells was optimal for suppressing @entity2 , in terms of cell number. This observation suggests that these cells were much more effective than were the unstimulated cultured cells, for which more than five times the number was required for the same suppressive activity. As far as the phenotypic proportion of helper (W3/13) and suppressor (OX-8) cells is concerned, we found no significant differences between the cultured cell groups and the freshly separated spleen cell group. The precise mechanism of these suppressive effects is the subject of further study. The transfer of @entity3 -expanded cells appears to have a potent immunomodulatory effect.

title: Transfer of spleen cells expanded by XXXX suppresses arthritis induced in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effects of transfer of @entity3 ( @entity3 )-expanded spleen cells after concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation into syngeneic Lewis @entity0 were studied. The recipient @entity0 were immunized with complete Freund's adjuvant for induction of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or @entity1 type II collagen in incomplete Freund's adjuvant for induction of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) on day 0. Each of 5 X 10(7) cultured cells without mitogenic stimulation, 2 X 10(7) Con A-stimulated cells, or 1 X 10(7) @entity3 -expanded cells cultured for 8 days (4 days X 2 culture cycles) after Con A stimulation was given on days 0 and 7. Both transfers of the cultured cells without stimulation and @entity3 -expanded cells markedly diminished the severity of @entity2 and @entity2 . On the contrary, transfer of Con A-stimulated cells led to no suppressive activity. In addition, transfer to @entity3 -expanded cells significantly lowered the titre of anti-type II collagen antibody compared to that of control @entity0 . The transfer of 1 X 10(7) @entity3 -expanded cells was optimal for suppressing @entity2 , in terms of cell number. This observation suggests that these cells were much more effective than were the unstimulated cultured cells, for which more than five times the number was required for the same suppressive activity. As far as the phenotypic proportion of helper (W3/13) and suppressor (OX-8) cells is concerned, we found no significant differences between the cultured cell groups and the freshly separated spleen cell group. The precise mechanism of these suppressive effects is the subject of further study. The transfer of @entity3 -expanded cells appears to have a potent immunomodulatory effect.

title: Transfer of spleen cells expanded by @entity3 suppresses arthritis induced in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The structure and the expression of 11 cellular oncogenes (protooncogenes) were analyzed in primary cells from 20 acute lymphocytic ( @entity3 ) and 31 @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity6 @entity0 . Neoplastic cells, obtained prior to initiation of therapy, were purified and classified, on the basis of both surface antigen pattern and morphology, into pre-B, B, and @entity8 . RNA was extracted and analyzed for expression of cellular oncogenes coding for nuclear proteins ( @entity2 , @entity12 , @entity5 ), the beta-chain of platelet-derived growth factor (c-sis), growth factor receptors or related proteins ( @entity9 , @entity7 , c-fes, c-erbB), or putative intermediate transducers of mitogenic signals (c-Ha-ras, @entity4 , c- @entity10 ). Quantitative analysis of total RNA was carried out by dot blot hybridization to specific cDNA or genomic probes. Number and size of transcripts were evaluated by blot hybridization of electrophoretically fractionated poly(A)+ RNA. Expression of @entity2 and @entity12 was detected in all @entity6 cells at variable levels and was characterized by well-defined patterns within @entity3 subtypes. Conversely, significant levels of @entity5 transcripts were detected only in myelomonocytic (M4) and @entity6 . Among the "src-family," c-fes was expressed more in @entity8 than @entity3 , and @entity7 was expressed at variable but not elevated levels in all @entity6 types. c-Ha-ras was uniformly expressed at low levels, as in non-neoplastic cells. @entity4 transcription was detected only in @entity11 ; @entity10 expression was barely demonstrable. The structure of these protooncogenes was not grossly modified, as evaluated by Southern analysis, except for @entity2 rearrangement in B @entity3 . These studies indicate that cellular oncogene expression in specific subtypes of @entity6 cells may relate to either the proliferative activity ( @entity2 , @entity12 ) or the differentiation state ( @entity5 ) of the cells, or possibly to expression of receptors for putative hemopoiesis-related growth factors (c-fes, @entity7 ). Our data provide a basis for in-depth analysis of protooncogene expression in normal and @entity1 .

title: Expression of cellular oncogenes in primary cells from @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The structure and the expression of 11 cellular oncogenes (protooncogenes) were analyzed in primary cells from 20 acute lymphocytic ( @entity3 ) and 31 @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity6 @entity0 . Neoplastic cells, obtained prior to initiation of therapy, were purified and classified, on the basis of both surface antigen pattern and morphology, into pre-B, B, and @entity8 . RNA was extracted and analyzed for expression of cellular oncogenes coding for nuclear proteins ( @entity2 , @entity12 , @entity5 ), the beta-chain of platelet-derived growth factor (c-sis), growth factor receptors or related proteins ( @entity9 , @entity7 , c-fes, c-erbB), or putative intermediate transducers of mitogenic signals (c-Ha-ras, @entity4 , c- @entity10 ). Quantitative analysis of total RNA was carried out by dot blot hybridization to specific cDNA or genomic probes. Number and size of transcripts were evaluated by blot hybridization of electrophoretically fractionated poly(A)+ RNA. Expression of @entity2 and @entity12 was detected in all @entity6 cells at variable levels and was characterized by well-defined patterns within @entity3 subtypes. Conversely, significant levels of @entity5 transcripts were detected only in myelomonocytic (M4) and @entity6 . Among the "src-family," c-fes was expressed more in @entity8 than @entity3 , and @entity7 was expressed at variable but not elevated levels in all @entity6 types. c-Ha-ras was uniformly expressed at low levels, as in non-neoplastic cells. @entity4 transcription was detected only in @entity11 ; @entity10 expression was barely demonstrable. The structure of these protooncogenes was not grossly modified, as evaluated by Southern analysis, except for @entity2 rearrangement in B @entity3 . These studies indicate that cellular oncogene expression in specific subtypes of @entity6 cells may relate to either the proliferative activity ( @entity2 , @entity12 ) or the differentiation state ( @entity5 ) of the cells, or possibly to expression of receptors for putative hemopoiesis-related growth factors (c-fes, @entity7 ). Our data provide a basis for in-depth analysis of protooncogene expression in normal and @entity1 .

title: Expression of cellular oncogenes in primary cells from XXXX @entity8 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Two methods are used to estimate ultrasound attenuation in liver. These were based on amplitude change and frequency change as a result of depth dependent attenuation. Evaluation of the two methods against a family of calibrated phantoms yielded correlation coefficients of 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. Liver attenuation in 26 control subjects was 0.50 and 0.52 dB/MHz/cm, respectively. Liver attenuation was estimated in 50 @entity0 who later underwent liver biopsy. Comparison with quantitative histologic results showed that the presence of fat alone accounted for the increased attenuation associated with @entity1 . Similar high attenuation values were found in @entity0 with @entity2 . @entity1 alone did not result in elevated liver attenuation. Cirrhotics without @entity2 had attenuation similar to that of the controls. Mechanisms of action are discussed.

title: Quantitative US attenuation in normal liver and in XXXX with diffuse liver disease: importance of fat.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preservation of @entity4 following @entity6 surgery is a high priority. Even those @entity0 with normal to near-normal function in the early postoperative period remain at risk for @entity5 ( @entity5 ). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and prognosis of @entity5 and to identify risk factors for its occurrence. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 489 @entity0 who underwent @entity6 resection at our institution between 2000 and 2014. Delayed @entity5 was defined as deterioration in facial function of at least 2 House-Brackmann (HB) grades between postoperative days 5 to 30. Only @entity0 with a HB grade of I to III by postoperative day 5 were eligible for study inclusion. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-one @entity0 with HB grade IV to VI @entity3 at postoperative day 5 were excluded from analysis. Of the remaining 368, 60 (16%) @entity0 developed @entity5 (mean 12 days postoperatively, range: 5-25 days). All @entity0 recovered function to HB grade I to II by a mean of 33 days (range: 7-86 days). @entity0 that developed @entity5 had higher rates of gross total resections (83% vs 71%, P = .05) and retrosigmoid approaches (72% vs 52%, P < .01). There was no difference in recovery time between @entity0 who received treatment with @entity2 , @entity2 with antivirals, or no treatment at all (P = .530). CONCLUSION: @entity0 with a gross total @entity1 resection or undergoing a retrosigmoid approach may be at higher risk of @entity5 . The prognosis is favorable, with @entity0 likely recovering to normal or near-normal facial function within 1 month of onset.

title: Incidence and Risk Factors of Delayed @entity5 After XXXX Resection.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preservation of @entity4 following @entity6 surgery is a high priority. Even those @entity0 with normal to near-normal function in the early postoperative period remain at risk for @entity5 ( @entity5 ). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and prognosis of @entity5 and to identify risk factors for its occurrence. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 489 @entity0 who underwent @entity6 resection at our institution between 2000 and 2014. Delayed @entity5 was defined as deterioration in facial function of at least 2 House-Brackmann (HB) grades between postoperative days 5 to 30. Only @entity0 with a HB grade of I to III by postoperative day 5 were eligible for study inclusion. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-one @entity0 with HB grade IV to VI @entity3 at postoperative day 5 were excluded from analysis. Of the remaining 368, 60 (16%) @entity0 developed @entity5 (mean 12 days postoperatively, range: 5-25 days). All @entity0 recovered function to HB grade I to II by a mean of 33 days (range: 7-86 days). @entity0 that developed @entity5 had higher rates of gross total resections (83% vs 71%, P = .05) and retrosigmoid approaches (72% vs 52%, P < .01). There was no difference in recovery time between @entity0 who received treatment with @entity2 , @entity2 with antivirals, or no treatment at all (P = .530). CONCLUSION: @entity0 with a gross total @entity1 resection or undergoing a retrosigmoid approach may be at higher risk of @entity5 . The prognosis is favorable, with @entity0 likely recovering to normal or near-normal facial function within 1 month of onset.

title: Incidence and Risk Factors of Delayed XXXX After @entity6 Resection.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the final changes in corneal wavefront aberration by limbal relaxing incisions (LRIs) after @entity1 surgery. METHODS: This prospective cumulative interventional nonrandomized case study included @entity1 and @entity2 @entity0 undergoing LRIs and phaco with intraocular lens implantation. LRIs were planned using Donnenfeld nomogram. The root mean square of corneal wave aberration for total Z(n,i)(1 <=n <=8), @entity2 Z(2,  1), coma Z(3-5-7,  1), trefoil Z(3-5-7,  2), spherical Z(4-6-8,0), and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) Z(3 <=n <=8) was examined before and 3 years after surgery (optical path difference-Scan II [OPD-Scan II)]. Uncorrected distance visual acuity and best-corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) for distance, keratometric cylinder, and variations in average corneal power were also analyzed. RESULTS: Sixty-four eyes of 48 @entity0 were included in the study. Age ranged from 42 to 92 years (70.6  8.4 years). After LRIs, uncorrected distance visual acuity and best-corrected distance visual acuity improved statistically (P<0.01). The keratometric cylinder value decreased by 40.1%, but analysis of KP90 and KP135 polar values did not show any decrease that could be statistically confirmed (P=0.22 and P=0.24). No significant changes were detected in root mean square of total (P=0.61) and HOAs (P=0.13) aberrations. LRIs did not induce alteration in central corneal power confirming a 1:1 coupling ratio. CONCLUSION: LRIs determined a nonsignificant alteration of corneal @entity3 . Therefore, LRIs can be still considered a qualitatively viable mean in those cases where toric intraocular lenses are contraindicated or not available. Yet, the authors raise the question of nonpersonalized nomograms, as in the present study, LRIs did not reach the preset target cylinder.

title: Long-term outcomes of limbal relaxing incisions during XXXX surgery: aberrometric analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess @entity4 prevalence and associated factors in schoolchildren aged 6-16. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of all @entity0 attending the first to eighth grades at two public schools in the urban region of a medium-sized town in Southern Brazil between April and December 2012. A questionnaire on socioeconomic and cultural matters was answered by parents, while the @entity0 answered a questionnaire on @entity4 -related symptoms. The @entity0 underwent a complete visual function examination, including measurement of visual acuity, refraction test, cover test, stereopsis, heterophoria assessment, near point of convergence, and accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio. RESULTS: @entity4 prevalence was 24.7% in a total sample of 964 @entity0 . Visual acuity of 20/25 or better in both eyes was found in 92.8% of the @entity0 . The stereopsis test was normal in 99.4% of them, and some kind of strabismus was found in 3.5%. About 37.8% had @entity2 , 71.6% had mild @entity3 , 13.6% had moderate @entity3 , and 6.1% were myopic. Near point of convergence was abnormal in 14.0% of the @entity0 , and the accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio was found to be altered in 17.1% of them. CONCLUSION: @entity0 and adolescents have expressive prevalence of @entity4 . The prevalence of visual function alterations does not differ from the general population, and, therefore, they are not prerequisites. It is very important that its mechanisms and risk factors be better defined. Health professionals need to be on the lookout for complaints of @entity1 because of its potential to influence learning and school performance.

title: XXXX in schoolchildren.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity8 , even small, cause irreparable lung damage. Recurrent @entity8 further increase the amount of non functional lung tissue and may result in incapacitating @entity9 or @entity3 . It is therefore mandatory that the disease be correctly diagnosed and adequately treated. As prevention is better than cure, every @entity0 presenting with clinical signs of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) should be correctly explored. The site and size of @entity6 must be visualized preferably with contrast venography with imaging of the veins of the limbs, iliac veins and vena cava. Risk factors such as @entity2 , immobilization etc. must be taken into account. Underlying disease such as @entity4 and @entity11 must be treated. Malignancy must be looked for as in a recent series of @entity0 with primary @entity7 which were studied, 15% presented with an up till then unknown @entity1 . In @entity0 presenting with recurrent @entity7 this percentage rose to 20%. When a @entity0 presents with @entity7 of the femoro-iliac vena cava @entity10 , aggressive treatment must be adopted. Fibrinolysis or if this is contra-indicated, thrombectomy will be used. A vena cava filter may be necessary and longterm anticoagulation is mandatory. The same rationale is applicable in cases of @entity5 whether it is a primary event or a recurrence.

title: Recurrent XXXX : importance, diagnosis, management and prevention.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obscure @entity2 (OGIB) is defined as persistent or recurrent @entity3 associated with negative findings on upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic evaluations. The diagnosis and management of @entity0 with OGIB is particularly challenging because of the length and complex loops of the small intestine. Capsule endoscopy (CE) is 1 diagnostic modality that is used to determine the etiology of @entity3 . OBJECTIVES: The objective of this analysis was to review the diagnostic accuracy, safety, and impact on health outcomes of CE in @entity0 with OGIB in comparison with other diagnostic modalities. DATA SOURCES: A literature search was performed using Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citations, Ovid Embase, the Wiley Cochrane Library, and the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination database, for studies published between 2007 and 2013. REVIEW METHODS: Data on diagnostic accuracy, safety, and impact on health outcomes were abstracted from included studies. Quality of evidence was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE). RESULTS: The search yielded 1,189 citations, and 24 studies were included. Eight studies reported diagnostic accuracy comparing CE with other diagnostic modalities. Capsule endoscopy has a higher sensitivity and lower specificity than magnetic resonance enteroclysis, computed tomography, and push enteroscopy. Capsule endoscopy has a good safety profile with few adverse events, although comparative safety data with other diagnostic modalities are limited. Capsule endoscopy is associated with no difference in @entity0 health-related outcomes such as rebleeding or follow-up treatment compared with push enteroscopy, small-bowel follow-through, and angiography. LIMITATIONS: There was significant heterogeneity in estimates of diagnostic accuracy, which prohibited a statistical summary of findings. The analysis was also limited by the fact that there is no established reference standard to which the diagnostic accuracy of CE can be compared. CONCLUSIONS: There is very-low-quality evidence that CE has a higher sensitivity but a lower specificity than other diagnostic modalities. Capsule endoscopy has few adverse events, with capsule retention being the most serious complication. Capsule endoscopy is perceived by @entity0 as less @entity1 and less burdensome compared with other modalities. There is low-quality evidence that @entity0 who undergo CE have similar rates of rebleeding, further therapeutic interventions, and hospitalization compared with other diagnostic modalities.

title: Capsule Endoscopy in the Assessment of Obscure XXXX : An Evidence-Based Analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Rigidity of the spine is common in adults but is rarely observed in @entity0 . The aim of this study was to report on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) among @entity0 in Oman. METHODS: Data on @entity0 diagnosed with @entity2 were collected consecutively at presentation between 1996 and 2014 at the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (SQUH) in Muscat, Oman. A diagnosis of @entity2 was based on the @entity0 's history, clinical examination, biochemical investigations, electrophysiological findings, neuro-imaging and muscle biopsy. Atrophy of the paraspinal muscles, particularly the erector spinae, was the diagnostic feature; this was noted using magnetic resonance imaging of the spine. @entity0 with disease onset in the paraspinal muscles were labelled as having primary @entity2 or @entity2 . Secondary @entity2 was classified as @entity2 due to the late involvement of other @entity1 . RESULTS: Over the 18-year period, 12 @entity0 were included in the study, with a male-to-female ratio of 9:3. A total of 10 @entity0 were found to have primary @entity2 or @entity2 while two had secondary @entity2 . Onset of the disease ranged from birth to 18 months of age. A family history was noted, with two siblings from one family and three siblings from another (n = 5). On examination, @entity0 with primary @entity2 had typical features of severe @entity2 at onset, with the rest of the neurological examination being normal. CONCLUSION: @entity2 is a rare disease with only 12 reported cases found at SQUH during the study period. Cases of primary @entity2 should be differentiated from the secondary type.

title: Rigid Spine Syndrome among XXXX in Oman.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Data on anesthesia management and outcomes associated with peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) performed exclusively in the endoscopy unit are limited. In this prospective study, we evaluated the safety of anesthesia management, and the feasibility and efficacy of POEM performed exclusively in the endoscopy unit. METHODS: A single-center prospective study of consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 treated with POEM in an endoscopy unit was performed. Safety of anesthesia management and POEM were determined by procedure-related adverse events. Feasibility was assessed by completion rate. Short-term efficacy was established by clinical success (Eckardt score  <=3) and by comparing Eckardt and @entity1 scores before and after POEM. RESULTS: @entity0 (n=52) underwent POEM under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation and positive pressure ventilation. Aspiration was prevented by keeping @entity0 on a clear liquid diet before the procedure without requiring a prior esophagogastroduodenoscopy for esophageal content clearance. POEM completion rate was 96% (50/52 @entity0 ). There was no post-POEM bleeding. Postprocedure leak was observed in one @entity0 (3%). Four @entity0 (7.7%) experienced @entity3 , three of them were treated uneventfully endoscopically and one required laparoscopic repair. Clinical success was achieved in 88% of @entity0 . There was a significant decrease in the mean Eckardt score (8.1 to 1.4) and @entity1 score (2.4 to 0.4) (P<0.0001) at the one month follow up after POEM. CONCLUSION: Anesthesia management of POEM is safe in the endoscopy unit and aspiration can be prevented without requiring prior esophagogastroduodenoscopy for esophageal content clearance. Overall, POEM performed by a gastroenterologist in the endoscopy unit was feasible and effective for the treatment of @entity2 .

title: Evaluation of anesthesia management, feasibility and efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for XXXX performed in the endoscopy unit.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the relationship between emotional social support and emotional well-being among Latina immigrants with @entity0 and test whether two culturally relevant coping strategies, @entity3 and acceptance, mediate this relationship. METHODS: One hundred fifty Spanish-speaking Latinas within 1  year of @entity0 diagnosis participating in a randomized trial of a stress management intervention were assessed in @entity1 at baseline and via telephone 6  months later. Survey measures included baseline emotional support, @entity3 , and acceptance and emotional well-being 6  months later. Generalized linear models estimated direct effects of emotional support on emotional well-being and indirect effects through @entity3 and acceptance. RESULTS: Mean age was 50.1 (SD   =   10.9) years; most @entity1 had low education and acculturation levels. Emotional support was negatively associated with @entity3 (r   =   -0.24, p   <   0.01) and positively associated with acceptance (r   =   0.30, p   <   0.001). Emotional support (r   =   0.23, p   =   0.005) and acceptance (r   =   0.28, p   =   0.001) were positively associated with emotional well-being, whereas @entity3 (r   =   -0.36, p   <   0.0001) was negatively associated with emotional well-being. In multivariable models, emotional support was associated with emotional well-being (b   =   0.88, 95% CI: 0.24, 1.52). This direct effect remained significant when additionally controlling for @entity3 (b   =   0.66, 95% CI: 0.03, 1.30) and acceptance (b   =   0.73, 95% CI: 0.09, 1.37) in separate models. There was a significant indirect effect of emotional support on emotional well-being through @entity3 (b   =   0.21, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.51) as well as a marginally significant effect through acceptance (b   =   0.15, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.43). CONCLUSIONS: Emotional support may increase well-being among Spanish-speaking Latina @entity2 survivors by reducing @entity2 @entity3 . Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Do coping strategies mediate the effects of emotional support on emotional well-being among Spanish-speaking Latina XXXX survivors?

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to study mechanisms of action of electrical stimulation of prelemniscal radiations (Raprl) in the treatment of @entity1 , using @entity7 ( @entity3 ) Positron Emission Tomography (PET/CT). Materialand Methods: Five @entity0 with @entity4 and predominant unilateral @entity2 , @entity5 and @entity6 underwent deep brain stimulation (DBS) in contralateral Raprl that improved symptoms from 82.4 to 94.5%. 18F-FDG PET studies were performed before electrode implantation and after DBS therapy. Changes in metabolic activity in PET were evaluated by the maximal standardized uptake value (MSUV) and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) for regions of interest (ROIs) ipsilateral and contralateral to the stimulation site. ROIs were derived from a preoperative probabilistic tractography and included primary motor, supplementary motor and orbitofrontal cortices: Raprl, ventrolateral thalamus, putamen and cerebellum. RESULTS: No significant MSUV changes occurred in ROIs contralateral to Raprl-DBS. In contrast, MSUV decreased ipsilateral to DBS in Raprl, the thalamus, and the primary and supplementary motor cortices. SPM analysis showed metabolic changes which were significantly different after DBS therapy in all ROIs ipsilateral to DBS compared to those in the contralateral side. CONCLUSION: Raprl-DBS decreases the metabolic activity of areas anatomically related to its fiber composition. Improvement of symptoms may result from a decrease in pathological overactivity of circuits related to the ROIs.

title: Metabolic Changes Induced by Electrical Stimulation of Prelemniscal Radiations for the Treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is characterized by altered homeostasis of joint cartilage and bone, whose functional properties rely on chondrocytes and osteoblasts, belonging to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). WNT signaling acts as a hub integrating and crosstalking with other signaling pathways leading to the regulation of MSC functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the existence of a differential signaling between Healthy and @entity1 during osteogenesis. METHODS: MSCs of seven @entity3 @entity0 and six healthy controls were isolated, characterised and expanded. During in vitro osteogenesis, cells were recovered at days 1, 10 and 21. RNA and protein content was obtained. Expression of WNT pathway genes was evaluated using RT-qPCR. Functional studies were also performed to study the MSC osteogenic commitment and functional and post-traslational status of @entity5 and several receptor @entity6 kinases. RESULTS: Several genes were downregulated in @entity1 during osteogenesis in vitro. These included soluble Wnts, inhibitors, receptors, co-receptors, several kinases and transcription factors. Basal levels of @entity5 were higher in @entity1 , but @entity2 deposition and expression of osteogenic genes was similar between Healthy and @entity1 . Interestingly an increased phosphorylation of @entity7 /42 MAPK ( @entity4 ) signaling node was present in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our results point to the existence in @entity1 of alterations in expression of Wnt pathway components during in vitro osteogenesis that are partially compensated by post-translational mechanisms modulating the function of other pathways. We also point the relevance of other signaling pathways in @entity3 pathophysiology suggesting their role in the maintenance of joint homeostasis through modulation of MSC osteogenic potential.

title: Altered Expression of Wnt Signaling Pathway Components in Osteogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is characterized by altered homeostasis of joint cartilage and bone, whose functional properties rely on chondrocytes and osteoblasts, belonging to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). WNT signaling acts as a hub integrating and crosstalking with other signaling pathways leading to the regulation of MSC functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the existence of a differential signaling between Healthy and @entity1 during osteogenesis. METHODS: MSCs of seven @entity3 @entity0 and six healthy controls were isolated, characterised and expanded. During in vitro osteogenesis, cells were recovered at days 1, 10 and 21. RNA and protein content was obtained. Expression of WNT pathway genes was evaluated using RT-qPCR. Functional studies were also performed to study the MSC osteogenic commitment and functional and post-traslational status of @entity5 and several receptor @entity6 kinases. RESULTS: Several genes were downregulated in @entity1 during osteogenesis in vitro. These included soluble Wnts, inhibitors, receptors, co-receptors, several kinases and transcription factors. Basal levels of @entity5 were higher in @entity1 , but @entity2 deposition and expression of osteogenic genes was similar between Healthy and @entity1 . Interestingly an increased phosphorylation of @entity7 /42 MAPK ( @entity4 ) signaling node was present in @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our results point to the existence in @entity1 of alterations in expression of Wnt pathway components during in vitro osteogenesis that are partially compensated by post-translational mechanisms modulating the function of other pathways. We also point the relevance of other signaling pathways in @entity3 pathophysiology suggesting their role in the maintenance of joint homeostasis through modulation of MSC osteogenic potential.

title: Altered Expression of Wnt Signaling Pathway Components in Osteogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in @entity3 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Many countries instituted @entity2 monitoring systems in the wake of the @entity4 tragedy. Having these systems in place will shorten the time before an alarm is signaled, should a teratogen of the potency of @entity4 be introduced. However, with stronger laws and regulations for testing drugs for adverse reproductive outcomes, a tragedy on the scale of @entity4 from ingestion of prescribed drugs by pregnant @entity0 is unlikely. Prospective parents could be exposed at the critical times to new physical, infectious, or nondrug chemical agents teratogenically as potent as @entity4 . (Teratogenic agents whose widespread use antedates monitoring will not cause rate changes or clusters detectable by monitoring.) What seems more likely is that the introduction of "weakly" teratogenic agents, or the inadvertent use of new drugs that are teratogenic, like @entity6 , will be responsible for @entity2 . In neither of these situations are large numbers of cases likely to accumulate in short periods of time, particularly in the relatively small catchment areas (fewer than 50 to 100,000 births per year) of many monitoring programs. In addition to having to cope with this problem of rare outcomes, many monitoring systems have not been able to obtain complete ascertainment of CMs, at least not from single, rapidly reporting sources. Two remedies to these inadequacies are possible: Expand the catchment area. All births in the US, for instance, could be monitored if information on specific CMs was included on birth certificates, which were then transmitted to a central agency that could analyse the data rapidly. Alternatively, if different monitoring systems had comparable methods of ascertainment and diagnostic classifications, their data could be pooled with greater reliability than is currently possible. CMs in newborns are only one indicator of teratogenicity. At least 20% of all conceptions end in spontaneous @entity5 . A much higher proportion of abortuses have chromosome @entity1 , or both, than newborns. The time necessary for such outcomes to manifest after the introduction of a new teratogen could be considerably shorter than the time before significant increases of CMs occurred in liveborns and stillborns. Monitoring the spontaneous abortion rate or chromosomal and other @entity3 would be an important adjunct to monitoring newborns. However, since some teratogens may only cause CMs in newborns, the current approach to monitoring should not be abandoned. Moreover, the problems of ascertainment encountered in monitoring newborns are greater still in monitoring abortuses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Monitoring for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Twenty-one @entity0 with advanced @entity8 or @entity7 who had failed to be cured with standard therapy were the subjects of this clinical trial. The @entity0 received @entity9 (3 g/m2 at 12-hour intervals for six or eight doses), @entity6 (90 mg/kg once), and @entity3 (one 900-cGy fraction or five 250-cGy fractions). Bone marrow was aspirated and cryopreserved before treatment and reinfused after the completion of radiotherapy. Eighteen @entity0 (86%) had objective response and 12 (57%) achieved complete response. Three @entity0 remain in continuous complete remission for 566+, 604+, and 1035+ days after marrow infusion. Six complete responders had @entity1 recurrence. One of these @entity0 developed a @entity5 of another histology that was successfully treated with local radiotherapy and the @entity0 is currently well 1004+ days after marrow infusion. Another relapsing @entity0 responded to a brief course of salvage chemotherapy and is in remission at 1271+ days. Three of the complete responders died from infectious complications. This regimen was associated with significant @entity2 . Six @entity0 died from sepsis during the period of aplasia and three others died from @entity4 42-105 days after marrow infusion. Although this regimen demonstrated a high level of antitumor activity, the value of adding high-dose @entity9 to the combination of @entity6 and @entity3 remains unclear and would require a randomized clinical trial to demonstrate.

title: Trial of high-dose @entity9 , @entity6 , XXXX , and autologous marrow transplantation for @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Twenty-one @entity0 with advanced @entity8 or @entity7 who had failed to be cured with standard therapy were the subjects of this clinical trial. The @entity0 received @entity9 (3 g/m2 at 12-hour intervals for six or eight doses), @entity6 (90 mg/kg once), and @entity3 (one 900-cGy fraction or five 250-cGy fractions). Bone marrow was aspirated and cryopreserved before treatment and reinfused after the completion of radiotherapy. Eighteen @entity0 (86%) had objective response and 12 (57%) achieved complete response. Three @entity0 remain in continuous complete remission for 566+, 604+, and 1035+ days after marrow infusion. Six complete responders had @entity1 recurrence. One of these @entity0 developed a @entity5 of another histology that was successfully treated with local radiotherapy and the @entity0 is currently well 1004+ days after marrow infusion. Another relapsing @entity0 responded to a brief course of salvage chemotherapy and is in remission at 1271+ days. Three of the complete responders died from infectious complications. This regimen was associated with significant @entity2 . Six @entity0 died from sepsis during the period of aplasia and three others died from @entity4 42-105 days after marrow infusion. Although this regimen demonstrated a high level of antitumor activity, the value of adding high-dose @entity9 to the combination of @entity6 and @entity3 remains unclear and would require a randomized clinical trial to demonstrate.

title: Trial of high-dose @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity3 , and autologous marrow transplantation for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Twenty-one @entity0 with advanced @entity8 or @entity7 who had failed to be cured with standard therapy were the subjects of this clinical trial. The @entity0 received @entity9 (3 g/m2 at 12-hour intervals for six or eight doses), @entity6 (90 mg/kg once), and @entity3 (one 900-cGy fraction or five 250-cGy fractions). Bone marrow was aspirated and cryopreserved before treatment and reinfused after the completion of radiotherapy. Eighteen @entity0 (86%) had objective response and 12 (57%) achieved complete response. Three @entity0 remain in continuous complete remission for 566+, 604+, and 1035+ days after marrow infusion. Six complete responders had @entity1 recurrence. One of these @entity0 developed a @entity5 of another histology that was successfully treated with local radiotherapy and the @entity0 is currently well 1004+ days after marrow infusion. Another relapsing @entity0 responded to a brief course of salvage chemotherapy and is in remission at 1271+ days. Three of the complete responders died from infectious complications. This regimen was associated with significant @entity2 . Six @entity0 died from sepsis during the period of aplasia and three others died from @entity4 42-105 days after marrow infusion. Although this regimen demonstrated a high level of antitumor activity, the value of adding high-dose @entity9 to the combination of @entity6 and @entity3 remains unclear and would require a randomized clinical trial to demonstrate.

title: Trial of high-dose XXXX , @entity6 , @entity3 , and autologous marrow transplantation for @entity5 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Twenty-one @entity0 with advanced @entity8 or @entity7 who had failed to be cured with standard therapy were the subjects of this clinical trial. The @entity0 received @entity9 (3 g/m2 at 12-hour intervals for six or eight doses), @entity6 (90 mg/kg once), and @entity3 (one 900-cGy fraction or five 250-cGy fractions). Bone marrow was aspirated and cryopreserved before treatment and reinfused after the completion of radiotherapy. Eighteen @entity0 (86%) had objective response and 12 (57%) achieved complete response. Three @entity0 remain in continuous complete remission for 566+, 604+, and 1035+ days after marrow infusion. Six complete responders had @entity1 recurrence. One of these @entity0 developed a @entity5 of another histology that was successfully treated with local radiotherapy and the @entity0 is currently well 1004+ days after marrow infusion. Another relapsing @entity0 responded to a brief course of salvage chemotherapy and is in remission at 1271+ days. Three of the complete responders died from infectious complications. This regimen was associated with significant @entity2 . Six @entity0 died from sepsis during the period of aplasia and three others died from @entity4 42-105 days after marrow infusion. Although this regimen demonstrated a high level of antitumor activity, the value of adding high-dose @entity9 to the combination of @entity6 and @entity3 remains unclear and would require a randomized clinical trial to demonstrate.

title: Trial of high-dose @entity9 , XXXX , @entity3 , and autologous marrow transplantation for @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare changes in signal intensity (SI) ratios of the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to pons and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on unenhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans between the first and last MRI using the linear @entity2 -based contrast agent @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was approved by the ethical committee of the University of Heidelberg (S-324/2014), and written informed consent was waived due to the retrospective character of the study. Fifty @entity0 who underwent at least 5 consecutive MRI examinations (plus an additional last MRI for reference) with the exclusive use of @entity5 were analyzed retrospectively. The difference of @entity4 -to-pons and @entity4 -to-CSF mean SI ratios was calculated on unenhanced T1-weighted images between the first and last examination. Results were compared with previously published data on @entity3 and gadoterate @entity1 . RESULTS: Signal intensity ratio differences for @entity4 -to-pons and @entity4 -to-CSF were significantly greater than 0 (pons: 0.0399    0.0307, P < 0.001; CSF: 0.1439    0.1524, P < 0.001). No control variable consistently predicted the SI ratio difference for the @entity4 -to-pons and the @entity4 -to-CSF ratio. Compared with previously published data, the difference in SI increase between @entity3 and @entity5 was not significant for the @entity4 -to-pons ratio (P = 0.906). In contrast, the @entity4 -to-CSF ratio difference was significantly lower (P < 0.001) for @entity5 . Dentate nucleus-to-pons (P < 0.001) and @entity4 -to-CSF (P = 0.017) ratio differences were both significantly higher for @entity5 than for gadoterate @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The present study found an increase in SI in the @entity4 after serial injections of @entity5 . Further studies are needed to clarify the potential of different linear @entity2 -based contrast agents to cause SI increase in the @entity4 .

title: Increased Signal Intensity in the Dentate Nucleus on Unenhanced T1-Weighted Images After XXXX Administration.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 -induced @entity3 almost exclusively occurs associated with antibiotic exposure. The organisms produce several exotoxins of which toxins A (enterotoxin) and B (cytotoxin) are of primary importance. It is assumed that preceding antibiotic therapy creates an ecological niche allowing massive proliferation of the organisms and production of their toxins. The clinical course varies from mild @entity2 to severe @entity6 . @entity0 over 40 years of age are primarily at risk, especially when suffering from severe underlying disease or abdominal surgery. The therapy includes discontinuation of the actual antibiotic treatment, substitution of fluid and electrolytes, and causal therapy with @entity4 . In contrast to adult @entity0 25-60% of healthy @entity0 excrete @entity5 and/or its toxins with their faeces. @entity1 by direct contact or contaminated tools and equipment is common in the hospital. The diagnosis includes: antibiotic history of the @entity0 , clinical diagnosis (endoscopy), isolation of the organisms and demonstration of toxin production, detection of @entity5 toxins in the @entity0 's stool. For isolation and identification appropriate methods are available. Cell culture tests for toxin detection are reliable but require experienced personnel. Immunological methods (ELISA, latex agglutination test) have been described but are not yet commercially available.

title: [ @entity5 -induced XXXX : pathogenesis, clinical course, epidemiology and laboratory diagnosis].

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity5 -induced @entity3 almost exclusively occurs associated with antibiotic exposure. The organisms produce several exotoxins of which toxins A (enterotoxin) and B (cytotoxin) are of primary importance. It is assumed that preceding antibiotic therapy creates an ecological niche allowing massive proliferation of the organisms and production of their toxins. The clinical course varies from mild @entity2 to severe @entity6 . @entity0 over 40 years of age are primarily at risk, especially when suffering from severe underlying disease or abdominal surgery. The therapy includes discontinuation of the actual antibiotic treatment, substitution of fluid and electrolytes, and causal therapy with @entity4 . In contrast to adult @entity0 25-60% of healthy @entity0 excrete @entity5 and/or its toxins with their faeces. @entity1 by direct contact or contaminated tools and equipment is common in the hospital. The diagnosis includes: antibiotic history of the @entity0 , clinical diagnosis (endoscopy), isolation of the organisms and demonstration of toxin production, detection of @entity5 toxins in the @entity0 's stool. For isolation and identification appropriate methods are available. Cell culture tests for toxin detection are reliable but require experienced personnel. Immunological methods (ELISA, latex agglutination test) have been described but are not yet commercially available.

title: [ XXXX -induced @entity3 : pathogenesis, clinical course, epidemiology and laboratory diagnosis].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Three rock hyraxes ( @entity8 ) maintained in a zoological collection had chronic @entity7 and @entity6 . In addition, all animals displayed signs of @entity3 due to footpad lesions that were histologically characterized as marked metastatic mineralization with @entity1 , reminiscent of @entity4 . Although the animals were managed with aggressive fluid therapy, calciuresis, and dietary modification, all were eventually humanely euthanized due to the severity of their footpad lesions and/or progression of @entity0 . Metastatic mineralization was also noted in other soft tissues among the three cases, including the stomach, colon, lung, vascular wall, ovary, and kidney. Varying degrees of @entity5 were confirmed on postmortem examination, and in the absence of other causes for @entity7 , metastatic mineralization was presumably the consequence @entity0 . The renal pathway is the primary mode of @entity2 excretion in the @entity8 . In @entity0 , @entity7 may develop secondary to decreased @entity2 excretion. Footpad mineralization is an uncommon sequel to @entity0 in domestic animals but has not been reported in rock hyraxes. A retrospective review of mortality data in this collection revealed a notable prevalence of @entity0 , including two additional animals with metastatic mineralization and @entity0 . Expanding knowledge of @entity0 will further guide preventative and clinical measures, including screening for metastatic mineralization and therapeutic trials for management of @entity7 and @entity2 mineral deposition in the footpads and other soft tissues.

title: HYPERCALCEMIA AND METASTATIC MINERALIZATION INVOLVING FOOTPADS IN ROCK HYRAXES ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Preterm @entity0 having @entity3 lungs often require respiratory support, potentially leading to @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Conventional @entity6 rodent models based on mechanical ventilation (MV) present outcome measured at the end of ventilation period. A reversible intubation and ventilation model in newborn @entity2 recently allowed discovering that different sets of genes modified their expression related to time after MV. In a newborn @entity2 model, the expression profile 48h after MV was analyzed with gene arrays to detect potentially interesting candidates with an impact on @entity6 development. METHODS: @entity2 pups were injected P4-5 with 2mg/kg @entity4 . One day later MV with 21% or 60% @entity1 was applied during 6 hours. Animals were sacrificed 48 hours after end of ventilation. Affymetrix gene arrays assessed the total gene expression profile in lung tissue. RESULTS: In fully treated animals ( @entity4 +MV+60%O2) vs controls, 271 genes changed expression significantly. All modified genes could be classified in six pathways: tissue remodeling/wound repair, immune system and inflammatory response, @entity5 , vasodilatation, and oxidative stress. Major alterations were found in the MMP and complement system. CONCLUSION: MMPs and complement factors play a central role in several of the pathways identified and may represent interesting targets for @entity6 -treatment/prevention.Pediatric Research (2015); doi:10.1038/pr.2015.155.

title: Gene expression profile in newborn XXXX lungs after two days of recovery of mechanical ventilation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This is the first report of an on-going Phase III protocol for @entity0 with locally-advanced, non-metastatic, measurable @entity1 . The study randomizes two arms: 6000 rad using 500 rad fractions once a week (1 X W) for 12 weeks with spinal cord (SC) protection at 3000 rad; and 6000 rad using 200 rad fractions daily (5 X W) for 6 weeks with SC protection at 4500 rad. Both arms use an initially large loco-regional field that is further reduced when @entity2 doses reach 3000 rad in (1 X W) arm and 5000 rad in (5 X W) arm. The protocol was activated April 1982; as of August 1984, it had accrued 100 @entity0 of whom 68 were evaluable [29 (1 X W) and 39 (5 X W)]. There have been no major differences in @entity2 responses or failure patterns between the (1 X W) and (5 X W) arms; response rates have been 69 and 64%; CR 31 and 20%; total incidence of local failures 20 and 23%; and overall incidence of distant failures 34 and 43%, respectively. The (1 X W) arm has been far better tolerated with 76% of its @entity0 free of any @entity5 and 97% without @entity4 , as compared to only 33 and 67% in the (5 X W), respectively. The (1 X W) arm has not conveyed loss in @entity2 control effectiveness, in-treatment progression, or higher incidence of distant spread. Subacute and chronic complications have been minimal with either treatment. No fatal or life-threatening @entity3 have occurred; the incidence of severe complications has been 7% in the (1 X W) arm and 8% in the (5 X W) arm. Nevertheless, the number of @entity0 alive and at risk greater than or equal to 12 months is still relatively small; definitive statements regarding very late toxic reactions cannot yet be made. Compared to their protocyptes [a (1 X W) Pilot Study and the 6000 rad/6 weeks arm of RTOG Protocol 73-01], results in the present protocol arms have not been different from what was expected. Once a week RT yields results that appear no different from those achieved with conventional RT in @entity1 .

title: A prospective randomized trial comparing once-a-week vs daily radiation therapy for locally-advanced, non-metastatic, XXXX : a preliminary report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Collagen immunotyping by indirect immunofluorescence was performed in order to investigate the sequential development of bone formation. @entity0 were obtained after subcutaneous injection of 3/A/1D-1 @entity4 cell line into 129/Sv @entity1 (Nicolas et al., 1980). Frozen sections of developing @entity0 were incubated with specific antibodies directed against Types I, II, III, IV, and IX collagens. On Day 9, the expression of @entity2 was correlated with the proliferation of mesenchymal cells. From Day 10, chondrogenesis was characterized by the occurrence of cartilaginous collagens, Types II and IX, in the cartilage matrix. Type IV collagen was also detected in focal areas and revealed vascular invasion of the @entity0 . On Day 13, osteogenesis was demonstrated by the presence of Type I collagen in the bone matrix coating the surfaces. Immunolocalization of Type III collagen on the hemopoietic elements corresponded with the bone remodeling. The sequential transitions of collagen types confirm the development of an endochondral @entity3 . These results suggest that 3/A/1D-1 @entity4 cell line constitutes a valuable system for in vitro study of endochondral bone formation and cell differentiation.

title: Collagen expression during XXXX cell line-induced endochondral @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Collagen immunotyping by indirect immunofluorescence was performed in order to investigate the sequential development of bone formation. @entity0 were obtained after subcutaneous injection of 3/A/1D-1 @entity4 cell line into 129/Sv @entity1 (Nicolas et al., 1980). Frozen sections of developing @entity0 were incubated with specific antibodies directed against Types I, II, III, IV, and IX collagens. On Day 9, the expression of @entity2 was correlated with the proliferation of mesenchymal cells. From Day 10, chondrogenesis was characterized by the occurrence of cartilaginous collagens, Types II and IX, in the cartilage matrix. Type IV collagen was also detected in focal areas and revealed vascular invasion of the @entity0 . On Day 13, osteogenesis was demonstrated by the presence of Type I collagen in the bone matrix coating the surfaces. Immunolocalization of Type III collagen on the hemopoietic elements corresponded with the bone remodeling. The sequential transitions of collagen types confirm the development of an endochondral @entity3 . These results suggest that 3/A/1D-1 @entity4 cell line constitutes a valuable system for in vitro study of endochondral bone formation and cell differentiation.

title: Collagen expression during @entity4 cell line-induced endochondral XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The immunosuppressant @entity5 ( @entity8 ) has shown usefulness in both animal and @entity0 transplantation. The present study investigated the effect of @entity8 in @entity0 to @entity2 skin xenografts. Recipient @entity2 received either a fresh split-thickness (0.020 in.) or full-thickness graft obtained from plastic surgery, or frozen cadaver skin. The graft bed of recipient Lewis @entity2 was prepared by full-thickness excision. Animals were maintained on @entity8 25 mg/kg/day X 50 days, followed by 12.5 mg/kg 2 X/week. Control animals received an equivalent volume of vehicle. All animals receiving split-thickness grafts and treated with @entity8 maintained their grafts significantly longer (up to 255 days) than controls. The 2 @entity8 -treated full-thickness grafts and the 10 vehicle-treated controls showed clinical and microscopic signs of rejection at a mean of 6.4 days. Histologic examination of successful grafts showed areas of viable epidermis with a negligible inflammatory infiltrate. There was some loss of normal polarity and occasional apoptotic pigmented basal cells. The dermis revealed moderate @entity3 , probably secondary to the surgical procedure. Graft viability was confirmed by autoradiography. Immunohistochemical staining for @entity7 protein revealed morphologic alteration of suprabasilar dendritic (Langerhans-indeterminate) cells, as well as their existence in xenografts at 12 weeks posttransplantation. @entity4 reflected by @entity6 and blood chemistries were felt to be dose-dependent. This in vivo model may provide a means for testing percutaneous drug penetration and pharmacokinetics in @entity0 skin, and for observing the immune component of explanted cutaneous @entity1 and dermatoses.

title: Prolonged viability of XXXX skin xenografts in @entity2 by @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The immunosuppressant @entity5 ( @entity8 ) has shown usefulness in both animal and @entity0 transplantation. The present study investigated the effect of @entity8 in @entity0 to @entity2 skin xenografts. Recipient @entity2 received either a fresh split-thickness (0.020 in.) or full-thickness graft obtained from plastic surgery, or frozen cadaver skin. The graft bed of recipient Lewis @entity2 was prepared by full-thickness excision. Animals were maintained on @entity8 25 mg/kg/day X 50 days, followed by 12.5 mg/kg 2 X/week. Control animals received an equivalent volume of vehicle. All animals receiving split-thickness grafts and treated with @entity8 maintained their grafts significantly longer (up to 255 days) than controls. The 2 @entity8 -treated full-thickness grafts and the 10 vehicle-treated controls showed clinical and microscopic signs of rejection at a mean of 6.4 days. Histologic examination of successful grafts showed areas of viable epidermis with a negligible inflammatory infiltrate. There was some loss of normal polarity and occasional apoptotic pigmented basal cells. The dermis revealed moderate @entity3 , probably secondary to the surgical procedure. Graft viability was confirmed by autoradiography. Immunohistochemical staining for @entity7 protein revealed morphologic alteration of suprabasilar dendritic (Langerhans-indeterminate) cells, as well as their existence in xenografts at 12 weeks posttransplantation. @entity4 reflected by @entity6 and blood chemistries were felt to be dose-dependent. This in vivo model may provide a means for testing percutaneous drug penetration and pharmacokinetics in @entity0 skin, and for observing the immune component of explanted cutaneous @entity1 and dermatoses.

title: Prolonged viability of @entity0 skin xenografts in @entity2 by XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The immunosuppressant @entity5 ( @entity8 ) has shown usefulness in both animal and @entity0 transplantation. The present study investigated the effect of @entity8 in @entity0 to @entity2 skin xenografts. Recipient @entity2 received either a fresh split-thickness (0.020 in.) or full-thickness graft obtained from plastic surgery, or frozen cadaver skin. The graft bed of recipient Lewis @entity2 was prepared by full-thickness excision. Animals were maintained on @entity8 25 mg/kg/day X 50 days, followed by 12.5 mg/kg 2 X/week. Control animals received an equivalent volume of vehicle. All animals receiving split-thickness grafts and treated with @entity8 maintained their grafts significantly longer (up to 255 days) than controls. The 2 @entity8 -treated full-thickness grafts and the 10 vehicle-treated controls showed clinical and microscopic signs of rejection at a mean of 6.4 days. Histologic examination of successful grafts showed areas of viable epidermis with a negligible inflammatory infiltrate. There was some loss of normal polarity and occasional apoptotic pigmented basal cells. The dermis revealed moderate @entity3 , probably secondary to the surgical procedure. Graft viability was confirmed by autoradiography. Immunohistochemical staining for @entity7 protein revealed morphologic alteration of suprabasilar dendritic (Langerhans-indeterminate) cells, as well as their existence in xenografts at 12 weeks posttransplantation. @entity4 reflected by @entity6 and blood chemistries were felt to be dose-dependent. This in vivo model may provide a means for testing percutaneous drug penetration and pharmacokinetics in @entity0 skin, and for observing the immune component of explanted cutaneous @entity1 and dermatoses.

title: Prolonged viability of @entity0 skin xenografts in XXXX by @entity5 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Between 1972 and 1974, @entity1 were entered into a National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) trial to evaluate @entity4 mustard ( @entity3 ) as an adjuvant to mastectomy in @entity1 with primary @entity0 and pathologically positive axillary nodes. Overall, findings through 10 years of observation indicate an 8% difference in disease-free survival (DFS) (P = .06) and a 5% difference in survival (P = .4). @entity1 less than or equal to 49 years of age who received @entity3 demonstrate a significant (P = .03) prolongation of DFS and a significant (P = .05) survival benefit compared with those who received a placebo. There is a 37% reduction in their mortality and a cumulative odds of survival of 1.67. In that age group, both those with one to three and greater than or equal to 4 positive nodes benefited, but the advantage was greater when there were fewer positive nodes. There was a significant (P = .009) reduction in mortality (64%) and a cumulative odds of survival of 3.25 in @entity1 less than or equal to 49 years old with one to three positive nodes. No advantage from @entity3 was observed in @entity1 greater than or equal to 50 years old. When @entity3 response is related to nuclear grade, a marker of @entity2 differentiation, there is a highly significant improvement in DFS (less than .001), distant DFS (.001), and survival (.004) through 10 years of observation for all @entity1 with @entity2 classified as nuclear grade poor (poorly differentiated), regardless of age and nodal status. Mortality was reduced by 32% and the cumulative odds of survival was 2.10 at 10 years. Of singular importance is the observation of a benefit in those greater than or equal to 50 years of age as well as in those less than or equal to 49 years of age with poorly differentiated @entity2 . There is a significant (P = .003) survival benefit for those in the older age group with a 37% reduction in mortality, and a cumulative odds of survival of 2.75. @entity1 in both age groups with well-differentiated @entity2 demonstrated no benefit from @entity3 . Those who are older seem to do less well following chemotherapy. We conclude that @entity2 differentiation is a better discriminant of response to chemotherapy than is age, and that both younger and older @entity1 are responsive to adjuvant chemotherapy when they have poorly differentiated @entity2 .

title: Ten-year results from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) clinical trial evaluating the use of @entity4 mustard ( @entity3 ) in the management of primary XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Between 1972 and 1974, @entity1 were entered into a National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) trial to evaluate @entity4 mustard ( @entity3 ) as an adjuvant to mastectomy in @entity1 with primary @entity0 and pathologically positive axillary nodes. Overall, findings through 10 years of observation indicate an 8% difference in disease-free survival (DFS) (P = .06) and a 5% difference in survival (P = .4). @entity1 less than or equal to 49 years of age who received @entity3 demonstrate a significant (P = .03) prolongation of DFS and a significant (P = .05) survival benefit compared with those who received a placebo. There is a 37% reduction in their mortality and a cumulative odds of survival of 1.67. In that age group, both those with one to three and greater than or equal to 4 positive nodes benefited, but the advantage was greater when there were fewer positive nodes. There was a significant (P = .009) reduction in mortality (64%) and a cumulative odds of survival of 3.25 in @entity1 less than or equal to 49 years old with one to three positive nodes. No advantage from @entity3 was observed in @entity1 greater than or equal to 50 years old. When @entity3 response is related to nuclear grade, a marker of @entity2 differentiation, there is a highly significant improvement in DFS (less than .001), distant DFS (.001), and survival (.004) through 10 years of observation for all @entity1 with @entity2 classified as nuclear grade poor (poorly differentiated), regardless of age and nodal status. Mortality was reduced by 32% and the cumulative odds of survival was 2.10 at 10 years. Of singular importance is the observation of a benefit in those greater than or equal to 50 years of age as well as in those less than or equal to 49 years of age with poorly differentiated @entity2 . There is a significant (P = .003) survival benefit for those in the older age group with a 37% reduction in mortality, and a cumulative odds of survival of 2.75. @entity1 in both age groups with well-differentiated @entity2 demonstrated no benefit from @entity3 . Those who are older seem to do less well following chemotherapy. We conclude that @entity2 differentiation is a better discriminant of response to chemotherapy than is age, and that both younger and older @entity1 are responsive to adjuvant chemotherapy when they have poorly differentiated @entity2 .

title: Ten-year results from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) clinical trial evaluating the use of @entity4 mustard ( XXXX ) in the management of primary @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Between 1972 and 1974, @entity1 were entered into a National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) trial to evaluate @entity4 mustard ( @entity3 ) as an adjuvant to mastectomy in @entity1 with primary @entity0 and pathologically positive axillary nodes. Overall, findings through 10 years of observation indicate an 8% difference in disease-free survival (DFS) (P = .06) and a 5% difference in survival (P = .4). @entity1 less than or equal to 49 years of age who received @entity3 demonstrate a significant (P = .03) prolongation of DFS and a significant (P = .05) survival benefit compared with those who received a placebo. There is a 37% reduction in their mortality and a cumulative odds of survival of 1.67. In that age group, both those with one to three and greater than or equal to 4 positive nodes benefited, but the advantage was greater when there were fewer positive nodes. There was a significant (P = .009) reduction in mortality (64%) and a cumulative odds of survival of 3.25 in @entity1 less than or equal to 49 years old with one to three positive nodes. No advantage from @entity3 was observed in @entity1 greater than or equal to 50 years old. When @entity3 response is related to nuclear grade, a marker of @entity2 differentiation, there is a highly significant improvement in DFS (less than .001), distant DFS (.001), and survival (.004) through 10 years of observation for all @entity1 with @entity2 classified as nuclear grade poor (poorly differentiated), regardless of age and nodal status. Mortality was reduced by 32% and the cumulative odds of survival was 2.10 at 10 years. Of singular importance is the observation of a benefit in those greater than or equal to 50 years of age as well as in those less than or equal to 49 years of age with poorly differentiated @entity2 . There is a significant (P = .003) survival benefit for those in the older age group with a 37% reduction in mortality, and a cumulative odds of survival of 2.75. @entity1 in both age groups with well-differentiated @entity2 demonstrated no benefit from @entity3 . Those who are older seem to do less well following chemotherapy. We conclude that @entity2 differentiation is a better discriminant of response to chemotherapy than is age, and that both younger and older @entity1 are responsive to adjuvant chemotherapy when they have poorly differentiated @entity2 .

title: Ten-year results from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) clinical trial evaluating the use of XXXX mustard ( @entity3 ) in the management of primary @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We aimed to explore the possible mechanism of @entity12 (miR-196a) inhibition and reversion of drug resistance to @entity4 ( @entity11 ) of the A549/ @entity5 ( @entity5 ) cell line. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect expression differences of miR-196a in the drug-resistant A549/ @entity11 NLCLC cell line and the parental A549 cell line, and expressions of miR-196a in the A549/ @entity11 NLCLC cell line transfected with miR-196a inhibitor (anti-miR-196a group) and the miR-196a negative control (miR-NC) group and blank group (without transfection). @entity7 ( @entity2 ) test was applied in examining the cell viability of A549/ @entity11 cell line before and after transfection. Clonogenic assay was used to detect cell proliferation ability. Flow cytometry was applied in detecting apoptosis rate of assayed @entity1 cell and @entity8 changes in cells. Western blot was applied in detecting proteins of drug-resistant related gene in A549/ @entity11 cell line. Significantly higher expression of miR-196a was detected in the drug-resistant A549/ @entity11 cell line than that in the parental A549 cell line (P   <   0.05). However, miR-196a expression in the anti-miR-196a group decreased obviously compared to that in the blank group and the miR-NC group (both P   <   0.05); The value of IC50 in the anti-miR-196a group showed remarkably lower than that in the blank group and the miR-NC group (both P   <   0.05); @entity8 absorbing ability in the anti-miR-196a group increased 2.51 times and 2.49 times respectively compared to that in the blank group and the miR-NC group (both P   <   0.05). No statistical differences in the apoptosis rate of A549/ @entity11 cell line in the early stage were found among the three groups (all P   >   0.05), but the late-stage apoptosis rate in the anti-miR-196a group was significantly higher than that in the blank group and the miR-NC group (both P   <   0.05); The expressions of @entity0 @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity9 ( @entity9 ), excision repair cross-complementation 1 ( @entity10 ), survivin, and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) decreased significantly while RhoE increased significantly in the anti-miR-196a group than the blank group and the miR-NC group (all P   <   0.05). Inhibition of miR-196a could reverse @entity4 resistance of A549/ @entity11 cell lines, which might relate with inhibition of drug efflux, down-regulation of drug-resistant protein expression, cell apoptosis, and cell proliferation suppression.

title: Inhibition of @entity12 might reverse XXXX resistance of A549/ @entity5 cell line.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We aimed to explore the possible mechanism of @entity12 (miR-196a) inhibition and reversion of drug resistance to @entity4 ( @entity11 ) of the A549/ @entity5 ( @entity5 ) cell line. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect expression differences of miR-196a in the drug-resistant A549/ @entity11 NLCLC cell line and the parental A549 cell line, and expressions of miR-196a in the A549/ @entity11 NLCLC cell line transfected with miR-196a inhibitor (anti-miR-196a group) and the miR-196a negative control (miR-NC) group and blank group (without transfection). @entity7 ( @entity2 ) test was applied in examining the cell viability of A549/ @entity11 cell line before and after transfection. Clonogenic assay was used to detect cell proliferation ability. Flow cytometry was applied in detecting apoptosis rate of assayed @entity1 cell and @entity8 changes in cells. Western blot was applied in detecting proteins of drug-resistant related gene in A549/ @entity11 cell line. Significantly higher expression of miR-196a was detected in the drug-resistant A549/ @entity11 cell line than that in the parental A549 cell line (P   <   0.05). However, miR-196a expression in the anti-miR-196a group decreased obviously compared to that in the blank group and the miR-NC group (both P   <   0.05); The value of IC50 in the anti-miR-196a group showed remarkably lower than that in the blank group and the miR-NC group (both P   <   0.05); @entity8 absorbing ability in the anti-miR-196a group increased 2.51 times and 2.49 times respectively compared to that in the blank group and the miR-NC group (both P   <   0.05). No statistical differences in the apoptosis rate of A549/ @entity11 cell line in the early stage were found among the three groups (all P   >   0.05), but the late-stage apoptosis rate in the anti-miR-196a group was significantly higher than that in the blank group and the miR-NC group (both P   <   0.05); The expressions of @entity0 @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity9 ( @entity9 ), excision repair cross-complementation 1 ( @entity10 ), survivin, and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) decreased significantly while RhoE increased significantly in the anti-miR-196a group than the blank group and the miR-NC group (all P   <   0.05). Inhibition of miR-196a could reverse @entity4 resistance of A549/ @entity11 cell lines, which might relate with inhibition of drug efflux, down-regulation of drug-resistant protein expression, cell apoptosis, and cell proliferation suppression.

title: Inhibition of @entity12 might reverse @entity4 resistance of A549/ XXXX cell line.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We aimed to explore the possible mechanism of @entity12 (miR-196a) inhibition and reversion of drug resistance to @entity4 ( @entity11 ) of the A549/ @entity5 ( @entity5 ) cell line. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect expression differences of miR-196a in the drug-resistant A549/ @entity11 NLCLC cell line and the parental A549 cell line, and expressions of miR-196a in the A549/ @entity11 NLCLC cell line transfected with miR-196a inhibitor (anti-miR-196a group) and the miR-196a negative control (miR-NC) group and blank group (without transfection). @entity7 ( @entity2 ) test was applied in examining the cell viability of A549/ @entity11 cell line before and after transfection. Clonogenic assay was used to detect cell proliferation ability. Flow cytometry was applied in detecting apoptosis rate of assayed @entity1 cell and @entity8 changes in cells. Western blot was applied in detecting proteins of drug-resistant related gene in A549/ @entity11 cell line. Significantly higher expression of miR-196a was detected in the drug-resistant A549/ @entity11 cell line than that in the parental A549 cell line (P   <   0.05). However, miR-196a expression in the anti-miR-196a group decreased obviously compared to that in the blank group and the miR-NC group (both P   <   0.05); The value of IC50 in the anti-miR-196a group showed remarkably lower than that in the blank group and the miR-NC group (both P   <   0.05); @entity8 absorbing ability in the anti-miR-196a group increased 2.51 times and 2.49 times respectively compared to that in the blank group and the miR-NC group (both P   <   0.05). No statistical differences in the apoptosis rate of A549/ @entity11 cell line in the early stage were found among the three groups (all P   >   0.05), but the late-stage apoptosis rate in the anti-miR-196a group was significantly higher than that in the blank group and the miR-NC group (both P   <   0.05); The expressions of @entity0 @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity9 ( @entity9 ), excision repair cross-complementation 1 ( @entity10 ), survivin, and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) decreased significantly while RhoE increased significantly in the anti-miR-196a group than the blank group and the miR-NC group (all P   <   0.05). Inhibition of miR-196a could reverse @entity4 resistance of A549/ @entity11 cell lines, which might relate with inhibition of drug efflux, down-regulation of drug-resistant protein expression, cell apoptosis, and cell proliferation suppression.

title: Inhibition of XXXX might reverse @entity4 resistance of A549/ @entity5 cell line.

answer: @entity12


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the BRAFV600E status is mandatory in @entity2 @entity0 (MMP). Molecular biology is currently the gold standard method for status assessment. OBJECTIVES: We assessed and compared the specificity, sensibility, cost-effectiveness and turnaround time (TAT) of immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular biology for detection of the BRAFV600E mutation in 188 MMP. METHODS: IHC, with the VE1 antibody, and pyrosequencing analysis were performed with @entity3 fixed @entity1 samples. RESULTS: The BRAFV600E mutation was detected by pyrosequencing in 91/188 (48%) @entity0 . IHC was strongly positive (3+) in all of these 91 cases. IHC was strongly positive in 9/188 (5%) cases in which the molecular testing failed due to non-amplifiable DNA. Weak or moderate staining was noted in 10/188 (5%) cases in which the molecular biology identified @entity4 wild-type @entity1 . The ratio of the global cost for IHC/molecular biology testing was 1 : 2.2. The average TAT was 48 h vs. 96 h, for IHC vs. molecular biology testing, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that VE1 IHC should be a substitute for molecular biology in the initial assessment of the BRAFV600E status in MPP. This methodology needs to be set up in pathology laboratories in accordance with quality control/quality assurance accreditation procedures. Under these strict conditions the question is to know if BRAFV600E-IHC can serve not only as a prescreening tool, but also as a stand-alone test (at least in cases displaying an unequivocally staining pattern) as well as an alternative predictive test for samples for which the molecular biology failed.

title: Why and how immunohistochemistry should now be used to screen for the BRAFV600E status in XXXX ? The experience of a single institution (LCEP, Nice, France).

answer: @entity2


abstract: Adaptively interacting with our environment requires extracting information that will allow us to successfully predict reward. This can be a challenge, particularly when there are many candidate cues, and when rewards are probabilistic. Recent work has demonstrated that visual attention is allocated to stimulus features that have been associated with reward on previous trials. The ventromedial frontal lobe ( @entity3 ) has been implicated in learning in dynamic environments of this kind, but the mechanism by which this region influences this process is not clear. Here, we hypothesized that the @entity3 plays a critical role in guiding attention to reward-predictive stimulus features based on feedback. We tested the effects of @entity1 in @entity0 subjects on a @entity2 in which subjects were primed to attend to task-irrelevant colors associated with different levels of reward, incidental to the search task. Consistent with previous work, we found that distractors had a greater influence on reaction time when they appeared in colors associated with high reward in the previous trial compared with colors associated with low reward in healthy control subjects and @entity0 with prefrontal damage sparing the @entity3 . However, this reward modulation of attentional priming was absent in @entity0 with @entity1 . Thus, an intact @entity3 is necessary for directing attention based on experience with cue-reward associations. We suggest that this region plays a role in selecting reward-predictive cues to facilitate future learning. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: There has been a swell of interest recently in the @entity3 ( @entity3 ), a brain region critical to associative learning. However, the underlying mechanism by which this region guides learning is not well understood. Here, we tested the effects of damage to this region in @entity0 on a task in which rewards were linked incidentally to visual features, resulting in trial-by-trial attentional priming. Controls and subjects with prefrontal damage sparing the @entity3 showed normal reward priming, but @entity3 -damaged @entity0 did not. This work sheds light on a potential mechanism through which this region influences behavior. We suggest that the @entity3 is necessary for directing attention to reward-predictive visual features based on feedback, facilitating future learning and decision-making.

title: Ventromedial Frontal Cortex Is Critical for Guiding Attention to Reward-Predictive Visual Features in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Many studies report sexual dimorphism in the fetal programming of @entity2 . We hypothesised that there would be differences in the age-related decline in renal function between male and female intrauterine-growth restricted @entity1 . Early life growth restriction was induced in @entity1 offspring by administering a low protein diet ( @entity5 ; 8.7% casein) to dams during pregnancy and lactation. Control dams were fed a normal protein diet (NPD; 20% casein). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and renal structure and function were assessed in 32 and 100 week old offspring. Mesenteric artery function was examined at 100 weeks using myography. At 3-days of age body weight was ~24% lower (P<0.0001) in @entity5 offspring; this difference was still apparent at 32 weeks but not at 100 weeks of age. MAP was not different between the male NPD and @entity5 groups at either age. However, MAP was greater in @entity5 females compared to NPD females at 100 weeks of age (~10 mmHg; P<0.001). Glomerular filtration rate declined with age in the NPD male, @entity5 male and @entity5 female offspring (~45%, all P<0.05) but not in NPD female offspring. Mesenteric arteries in the aged @entity5 females had reduced sensitivity to @entity4 donors compared with their NPD counterparts, suggesting that @entity3 may contribute to the increased risk of disease in aged females. In conclusion, females growth-restricted in early life, were no longer protected from an age-related decline in renal and arterial function and this was associated with increased arterial pressure without evidence of @entity0 .

title: Accelerated age-related decline in renal and vascular function in female XXXX following early life growth restriction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Postnatal skeletal muscle growth in @entity0 is generally ascribed to enlargement of existing muscle fibres rather than to cellular proliferation. Some evidence of muscle fibre division or splitting was provided in the nineteenth century. This evidence has more recently been supported by fibres obtained from regenerating muscle, and from muscle which has undergone stress-induced growth. Numerous investigators have reported indirect evidence for exercise-induced @entity1 and @entity2 . These findings are largely founded on secondary observations of fibre size or number differences expressed relative to muscle cross-sectional area. Since these observations in @entity0 are open to methodological criticism, researchers have developed 3 animal models to represent exercise-induced @entity0 muscle growth. These include @entity1 , stretch-induced @entity1 , and weight lifting in trained animals. The results and criticisms of the experiments which have used these models are discussed in this review. In studies of muscle cross-sectional area, errors are created by fibres terminating intrafascicularly. Longitudinal growth of such fibres result in an overestimation of fibre number, and with the use of penniform muscles where fibres do not run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the muscle, the error is compounded. It was concluded that @entity2 is not yet substantiated, and that new fibres, if present, may be the result of the development of satellite cells. Further experiments are required before a definitive answer can be provided. It is suggested that rigidly controlled exercise studies using contralateral control, fusiform muscles with analysis of individually teased muscle fibres be performed.

title: Exercise-induced skeletal muscle growth. @entity1 or XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Postnatal skeletal muscle growth in @entity0 is generally ascribed to enlargement of existing muscle fibres rather than to cellular proliferation. Some evidence of muscle fibre division or splitting was provided in the nineteenth century. This evidence has more recently been supported by fibres obtained from regenerating muscle, and from muscle which has undergone stress-induced growth. Numerous investigators have reported indirect evidence for exercise-induced @entity1 and @entity2 . These findings are largely founded on secondary observations of fibre size or number differences expressed relative to muscle cross-sectional area. Since these observations in @entity0 are open to methodological criticism, researchers have developed 3 animal models to represent exercise-induced @entity0 muscle growth. These include @entity1 , stretch-induced @entity1 , and weight lifting in trained animals. The results and criticisms of the experiments which have used these models are discussed in this review. In studies of muscle cross-sectional area, errors are created by fibres terminating intrafascicularly. Longitudinal growth of such fibres result in an overestimation of fibre number, and with the use of penniform muscles where fibres do not run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the muscle, the error is compounded. It was concluded that @entity2 is not yet substantiated, and that new fibres, if present, may be the result of the development of satellite cells. Further experiments are required before a definitive answer can be provided. It is suggested that rigidly controlled exercise studies using contralateral control, fusiform muscles with analysis of individually teased muscle fibres be performed.

title: Exercise-induced skeletal muscle growth. XXXX or @entity2 ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: Reported are eight @entity0 with @entity5 and two @entity0 with @entity7 who had near total distal pancreatectomy for disabling @entity2 and underwent simultaneous segmental pancreatic autotransplantation of the body and tail of the gland to the femoral area in an attempt to prevent or delay the onset of @entity1 . The median follow-up period was 31 months, and follow-up study in nine @entity0 ranged from 24 to 54 months. Patency of the grafts was determined by angiography and selected percutaneous venous assays for @entity6 . Islet cell function was determined by oral @entity3 tolerance tests, intravenous (I.V.) @entity3 tolerance tests, and I.V. glucagon stimulation studies. Segmental autotransplantation was technically successful in eight @entity0 , only one of whom required @entity6 (at 2 years after grafting). The other seven @entity0 with technically successful grafts have remained @entity6 independent, including two @entity0 who later underwent pyloric preserving pancreatoduodenectomy for completion pancreatectomy. Variable @entity2 relief was observed in @entity0 who underwent near total pancreatectomy, but @entity2 was unrelieved in those @entity0 who underwent limited distal resection. @entity0 with idiopathic @entity4 appear to have @entity2 relief and preservation of endocrine function than alcoholic @entity0 . Segmental pancreatic autotransplantation prevents or delays the onset of @entity1 and should be considered as an alternative for those @entity0 who require extensive pancreatic resection for chronic @entity4 .

title: Segmental pancreatic autotransplantation with pancreatic ductal occlusion after near total or total pancreatic resection for chronic XXXX . Results at 5- to 54-month follow-up evaluation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Persistent post-concussive symptoms are reported by 10-15% of individuals who suffer mild @entity0 (mTBI), but their basis is often uncertain. One such symptom is disequilibrium, a sensation of impaired balance during standing and walking. The hypothesis for this study was that this subjective symptom is associated with objective and measurable deficits in static and dynamic postural stability. An infrared motion tracking system was used to record body motion during quiet standing and in response to waist perturbations in fourteen veterans (age 22-40 years, 13 male) of the Operations Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Iraqi Freedom ( @entity3 ), who had a history of mTBI that occurred 7 months to 7 years prior to testing. We compared body sway between veterans with mTBI reporting persistent disequilibrium ( @entity1 , n=8) and those with no vestibular symptoms (n=6), as well as to a group of non-veterans with no balance symptoms (n=10). Static postural stability was reduced in @entity1 veterans in comparison to each of the other two groups (p<0.0002), most notably on a compliant surface with eyes closed. The @entity1 group also had decreased dynamic stability of the upper trunk (p<0.05) and enhanced @entity2 (p<0.02) following waist perturbations. Our findings support a physiological basis for persistent disequilibrium after mTBI and are consistent with impaired vestibular processing. Disruption of semicircular canal inputs is unlikely to be the cause, as head impulse responses were normal in all groups. The unexpected finding of dynamic @entity2 requires further study but may indicate enhanced instability in sensorimotor networks responsible for postural control.

title: Static and dynamic postural stability in veterans with combat-related mild XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 leads to an enhanced susceptibility to secondary infections due to development of immunosuppression. We have previously shown that dysfunctional dendritic cells (DCs) that characteristically secrete @entity3 differentiate from bone marrow (BM) during polymicrobial @entity1 and contribute to immunosuppression. METHODS: We investigated the origin of the altered DC differentiation in the BM during polymicrobial @entity1 induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in @entity0 . RESULTS: Analysis of the cellular composition of the BM revealed the appearance of @entity2 ( @entity4 +DC) in the BM 18 to 36h after CLP. Depletion of @entity4 +DC from BM after CLP prevented the differentiation of dysfunctional DC. The chemokine receptor @entity6 is relevant for the retention and attraction of leukocytes in/to the BM. @entity0 with a DC-specific knockout of @entity6 ( @entity7 ko) were generated with the Cre-loxP system. After CLP, @entity4 +DCs did not appear in the BM of @entity7 ko @entity0 and of @entity0 treated with the @entity6 inhibitor @entity5 but instead circulated in the blood. Adoptive transfer of peritoneal exudate cells from @entity7 ko @entity0 into the peritoneal cavity of wildtype @entity0 reduced the appearance of @entity4 +DC in the BM and prevented the differentiation of @entity3 secreting DCs. Tracking experiments showed that @entity4 +DCs that appeared in the BM after CLP did not originate from the peritoneal cavity. CONCLUSION: So far, unidentified cells in the peritoneal cavity are challenged in a @entity6 -dependent manner after CLP and indirectly induce the migration of @entity4 +DCs from blood into the BM where they favor the differentiation of dysfunctional DCs.

title: SEP-4: A NOVEL ROLE OF CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR XXXX IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNOSUPPRESSION DURING POLYMICROBIAL SEPSIS: IMPACT ON DENDRITIC CELL DIFFERENTIATION.

answer: @entity6