abstract: The innervation of the @entity0 adrenal gland and of @entity2 was studied in sections of cortical tissue (n=10), hyperplastic cortical tissue (n=3), and tissue from cortical @entity4 (n=5) and @entity3 (n=6). The presence and distribution of nerve structures containing neuronal markers indicating sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation were studied by immunohistochemistry and the co-existence and co-localization patterns of the different markers by immunofluorescence. The cortex and hyperplastic cortical tissue had a moderate to rich supply of nerve structures containing the typical neuronal markers: @entity8 ( @entity8 ), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), small vesicle synaptic protein type 2 ( @entity10 ), and nerves showing immunoreactivity to the adrenergic marker @entity5 hydroxylase (TH). All these immunoreactive nerves were located predominantly adjacent to blood vessels, but also among parenchymal cells. The cortex showed numerous nerve structures containing the neuropeptide substance @entity9 ), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal protein ( @entity7 ), but few nerves containing these peptides were seen in hyperplastic cortical tissue. Typical markers were occasionally observed in cortical @entity4 but were not found in @entity3 , except in a few cases where @entity8 and @entity6 were present, but only adjacent to @entity1 areas. Nerves containing NPY and @entity7 occurred in varying numbers in both @entity4 and @entity3 . NPY- and @entity7 -immunoreactive nerve structures were seen mostly alongside blood vessels. There were several types of co-existence. For instance, @entity6 / @entity7 -, TH/ @entity7 - and TH/NPY-immunoreactive nerve structures were often seen in the same trunk, but were only partly co-localized.

title: Innervation of @entity0 adrenal gland and adrenal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The innervation of the @entity0 adrenal gland and of @entity2 was studied in sections of cortical tissue (n=10), hyperplastic cortical tissue (n=3), and tissue from cortical @entity4 (n=5) and @entity3 (n=6). The presence and distribution of nerve structures containing neuronal markers indicating sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation were studied by immunohistochemistry and the co-existence and co-localization patterns of the different markers by immunofluorescence. The cortex and hyperplastic cortical tissue had a moderate to rich supply of nerve structures containing the typical neuronal markers: @entity8 ( @entity8 ), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), small vesicle synaptic protein type 2 ( @entity10 ), and nerves showing immunoreactivity to the adrenergic marker @entity5 hydroxylase (TH). All these immunoreactive nerves were located predominantly adjacent to blood vessels, but also among parenchymal cells. The cortex showed numerous nerve structures containing the neuropeptide substance @entity9 ), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and vasoactive intestinal protein ( @entity7 ), but few nerves containing these peptides were seen in hyperplastic cortical tissue. Typical markers were occasionally observed in cortical @entity4 but were not found in @entity3 , except in a few cases where @entity8 and @entity6 were present, but only adjacent to @entity1 areas. Nerves containing NPY and @entity7 occurred in varying numbers in both @entity4 and @entity3 . NPY- and @entity7 -immunoreactive nerve structures were seen mostly alongside blood vessels. There were several types of co-existence. For instance, @entity6 / @entity7 -, TH/ @entity7 - and TH/NPY-immunoreactive nerve structures were often seen in the same trunk, but were only partly co-localized.

title: Innervation of XXXX adrenal gland and adrenal @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: According to sociological and ecological models of abuse, typically nonabusive parents could behave abusively towards their @entity0 under certain circumstances. The purpose of this study was to examine factors that place parents at risk of abusing their @entity0 by predicting parents' use of discipline practices and attitudes that may bias parents towards abusive behaviors, which we refer to as abuse-proneness. METHOD: A telephone interview was administered by the Gallup Organization to a nationally representative sample of 1,000 parents. Using a set of theoretically relevant risk factors, multiple regression was used to predict variations in parental attitudes (i.e., attitudes towards physical discipline and attitudes that devalue @entity0 ) and parental discipline practices (i.e., physical discipline, nonphysical discipline, and @entity1 ). RESULTS: The findings confirmed the importance of examining elements of parental attitudes, history, personality characteristics, as well as religion and ideology in predicting @entity1 . @entity0 age also was an important predictor in all analyses except predicting parental attitudes that devalue @entity0 . The findings suggest also, however, that it may be unduly simplified to regard parents as somewhere on a continuum of nonpunitive to punitive disciplinarians. Social isolation was not a significant predictor in any of the analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Although many important theoretical predictors of @entity1 were confirmed, many questions arise regarding the diversity of discipline practices that parents use, and the relevance of @entity0 's age and social isolation in predicting @entity1 . Implications for practitioners and future research are discussed.

title: Predicting XXXX and discipline practices in a nationally representative sample.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish the magnitude of brachytherapy dose reduction required for stage IIB and III @entity1 @entity0 treated by external radiation and medium dose rate (MDR) brachytherapy at a dose rate of 220+/-10 cGy/h at point A. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In study-I, at the time of MDR brachytherapy application at a dose rate of 220+/-10 cGy/h at point A, @entity0 received either 3060 cGy, a 12.5% dose reduction (MDR-12.5), or 2450 cGy, a 30% dose reduction (MDR-30), to point A and they were compared to a group of previously treated LDR @entity0 who received 3500 cGy to point A at a dose rate of 55-65 cGy/h. Study-II was a prospective randomized trial and @entity0 received either 2450 cGy, a 30% dose reduction (MDR-II (30)) or 2800 cGy, a 20% dose reduction (MDR-II (20)), at point A. @entity0 were evaluated for local control of disease and morbidity. RESULTS: In study-I the 5-year actuarial local control rate in the MDR-30 and MDR-12.5 groups was 71.7+/-10% and 70.5+/-10%, respectively, compared to 63.4+/-10% in the LDR group. However, the actuarial morbidity (all grades) in the MDR-12.5 group was 58.5+/-14% as against 34.9+/-9% in the LDR group (P < 0.05). Similarly, the grade III and IV morbidity also in the MDR-12.5 group was 12.5+/-9% as against 5.3+/-5% in the LDR group (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference in morbidity was seen between the MDR-30 and LDR groups. In study-II the 3-year actuarial local control rate in the MDR-II (30) and MDR-II (20) groups was 66.6+/-10% and 74.8+/-9%, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the rectal BED received and the percentage of @entity0 developing rectal morbidity. Only 10% of @entity0 receiving a rectal BED of (100 < 120) Gy3 developed complication as against 62.5% of those receiving a rectal BED of (140 < 160) Gy3 (chi2 = 46.43; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: We suggest that at a dose rate of 220+/-10 cGy/h at point A the brachytherapy dose reduction factor should be around 30%, as suggested by radiobiological data, to keep the morbidity as low as possible without compromising the local control rates.

title: Dose rate correction in medium dose rate brachytherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity1 utilization pathway in @entity0 is regulated by the @entity5 transcriptional activator in response to the presence of the inducer @entity1 and the quality of the @entity2 source in the growth medium. @entity5 is constitutively bound to the promoters of its target genes, @entity6 and @entity7 , under all conditions studied but activates transcription to the maximum extent only in the absence of rich @entity2 sources and in the presence of @entity1 (i.e., when @entity1 serves as the sole source of @entity2 ). Changes in target gene expression therefore occur through changes in the activity of the DNA-bound regulator. In this report, we demonstrate by phosphatase treatment of immunoprecipitates of extracts metabolically labeled with @entity4 or (35)S that @entity5 is a phosphoprotein. Examination of @entity5 isolated from cells grown on a variety of @entity2 sources showed that it was differentially phosphorylated as a function of the quality of the @entity2 source: the poorer the @entity2 source, the slower the gel migration of the phosphoforms. The presence of the inducer does not detectably alter the phosphorylation profile. Activator-defective and activator-constitutive @entity5 mutants have been analyzed. One activator-defective mutant appears to be phosphorylated in a pattern similar to that of the wild type, thus separating its ability to be phosphorylated from its ability to activate transcription. Three activator-constitutive mutant proteins from cells grown on an @entity3 -containing medium have a phosphorylation profile similar to that of the wild-type protein in cells grown on @entity1 . These results demonstrate a correlation between the phosphorylation status of @entity5 and its ability to activate its target genes and suggest that there are two signals, @entity1 induction and quality of @entity2 source, impinging on @entity5 that act synergistically for maximum expression of the @entity1 utilization pathway.

title: The regulator of the @entity0 @entity1 utilization pathway is differentially phosphorylated in response to the quality of the XXXX source.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity1 utilization pathway in @entity0 is regulated by the @entity5 transcriptional activator in response to the presence of the inducer @entity1 and the quality of the @entity2 source in the growth medium. @entity5 is constitutively bound to the promoters of its target genes, @entity6 and @entity7 , under all conditions studied but activates transcription to the maximum extent only in the absence of rich @entity2 sources and in the presence of @entity1 (i.e., when @entity1 serves as the sole source of @entity2 ). Changes in target gene expression therefore occur through changes in the activity of the DNA-bound regulator. In this report, we demonstrate by phosphatase treatment of immunoprecipitates of extracts metabolically labeled with @entity4 or (35)S that @entity5 is a phosphoprotein. Examination of @entity5 isolated from cells grown on a variety of @entity2 sources showed that it was differentially phosphorylated as a function of the quality of the @entity2 source: the poorer the @entity2 source, the slower the gel migration of the phosphoforms. The presence of the inducer does not detectably alter the phosphorylation profile. Activator-defective and activator-constitutive @entity5 mutants have been analyzed. One activator-defective mutant appears to be phosphorylated in a pattern similar to that of the wild type, thus separating its ability to be phosphorylated from its ability to activate transcription. Three activator-constitutive mutant proteins from cells grown on an @entity3 -containing medium have a phosphorylation profile similar to that of the wild-type protein in cells grown on @entity1 . These results demonstrate a correlation between the phosphorylation status of @entity5 and its ability to activate its target genes and suggest that there are two signals, @entity1 induction and quality of @entity2 source, impinging on @entity5 that act synergistically for maximum expression of the @entity1 utilization pathway.

title: The regulator of the @entity0 XXXX utilization pathway is differentially phosphorylated in response to the quality of the @entity2 source.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity1 utilization pathway in @entity0 is regulated by the @entity5 transcriptional activator in response to the presence of the inducer @entity1 and the quality of the @entity2 source in the growth medium. @entity5 is constitutively bound to the promoters of its target genes, @entity6 and @entity7 , under all conditions studied but activates transcription to the maximum extent only in the absence of rich @entity2 sources and in the presence of @entity1 (i.e., when @entity1 serves as the sole source of @entity2 ). Changes in target gene expression therefore occur through changes in the activity of the DNA-bound regulator. In this report, we demonstrate by phosphatase treatment of immunoprecipitates of extracts metabolically labeled with @entity4 or (35)S that @entity5 is a phosphoprotein. Examination of @entity5 isolated from cells grown on a variety of @entity2 sources showed that it was differentially phosphorylated as a function of the quality of the @entity2 source: the poorer the @entity2 source, the slower the gel migration of the phosphoforms. The presence of the inducer does not detectably alter the phosphorylation profile. Activator-defective and activator-constitutive @entity5 mutants have been analyzed. One activator-defective mutant appears to be phosphorylated in a pattern similar to that of the wild type, thus separating its ability to be phosphorylated from its ability to activate transcription. Three activator-constitutive mutant proteins from cells grown on an @entity3 -containing medium have a phosphorylation profile similar to that of the wild-type protein in cells grown on @entity1 . These results demonstrate a correlation between the phosphorylation status of @entity5 and its ability to activate its target genes and suggest that there are two signals, @entity1 induction and quality of @entity2 source, impinging on @entity5 that act synergistically for maximum expression of the @entity1 utilization pathway.

title: The regulator of the XXXX @entity1 utilization pathway is differentially phosphorylated in response to the quality of the @entity2 source.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Commercial enteral diets differ widely in nutrient composition. It is unknown whether the nutrient composition of the diets influences intestinal absorption. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different enteral diets providing 60% of energy as @entity2 , protein, or fat or 33.3% of energy from each nutrient on intestinal absorption in mini @entity1 . DESIGN: Kinetics of nutrient absorption were determined by perfusing a 150-cm jejunal segment. The kinetics of absorption were used to determine optimal relations between the absorption and recovery of each nutrient. From these data, the optimal nutrient composition of the diets providing complete absorption of the macronutrients in the shortest intestinal length was evaluated. Absorption of nutrients was further determined after oral administration of 4 corresponding meals. RESULTS: With all enteral diets, the absorption of nutrients displayed saturation kinetics. Absorption rates of @entity2 were significantly larger than those of fat and protein. Consequently, the amounts of nutrients remaining unabsorbed per unit length of jejunum differed among the macronutrients. After administration of various test meals, the length of the small intestine required for complete absorption of the nutrients depended on the composition of the meals. The shortest intestinal length for complete absorption was needed for a diet providing 48% of energy as @entity2 , 23% as protein, and 29% as fat. This composition closely matched the nutritional requirements. CONCLUSION: The nutrient composition of diets can optimize intestinal absorption. This may be especially important in @entity0 with @entity4 or @entity3 .

title: Composition of enteral diets and meals providing optimal absorption rates of nutrients in mini XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term effect and experience of Nuss procedure on 120 cases of @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: Thoracoscopy assisted Nuss procedure with different ways of anesthesia were applied to 120 cases of @entity0 with @entity3 , including 7 cases of recurrence after traditional surgical procedure (6 cases) and Nuss method (another one). The @entity0 ranged in age from 2.5 to 43 (mean 14.1) years and in Haller index from 2.91 to 29. Of the 120, 73 had symmetric and 47 had asymmetric @entity3 . The Nuss procedure is performed with general anesthesia and a convex steel bar is inserted under the sternum with thoracoscopy through small bilateral thoracic incisions. The steel bar is inserted with the convexity facing posteriorly, and when it is in position, the bar is turned over, thereby correcting the deformity. RESULTS: The operation was successfully accomplished without severe complications in all the 120 cases. The mean operative time was 58 minutes and the mean volume of @entity1 was 30 ml. 103 @entity0 had one bar inserted while the other 17 cases with more extremely diffuse @entity2 required 2 or even 3 bars to get a satisfactory correction. Such methods as modifications to the fixing points and the shape of the bar, partial osteotomy, were developed to deal with asymmetric ones. CONCLUSION: The Nuss procedure is a minimally invasive technique for correction of @entity3 . It can lead to a satisfactory outcome and surgical time is less.

title: [Thoracoscopy assisted Nuss procedure for XXXX correction].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of @entity1 gene on the random flap survival after pedicle division at different time in @entity0 . METHODS: The random-pattern flaps were formed on the back of the 120 SD @entity0 . PcDNAVEGF165 (gene) wrapped with liposome was injected into the flaps in experimental group (n = 40). The flaps in the two control groups were injected with PcDNA (n = 40) or saline (n = 40). 1, 3, 5, 7 days after injection, 10 @entity0 in each group were randomly selected to performed pedicle division. 7 days after pedicle division, the @entity0 were killed to measure the flap survival rate. The microvessels was studied by histologic examination. The expression of @entity1 was assessed by immunohistochemical staining. The flaps were also examined under the electron ultrastructure microscopy. RESULTS: 1) Flap survival rate after pedicle division in experimental group at 1 day, 3 days, 5 days, 7 days after injection, were (45.45 +/- 12.24)%, (82.95 +/- 3.81)%, (85.00 +/- 3.38)%, (85.96 +/- 3.25)%, respectively. The flap survival rates were significant different between experimental group and the control groups at 3, 5, 7 days after injection (P < 0.05), but not at 1 days after injection (P > 0.05). 2) The average microvascular diameter and number in experimental group were significantly higher than those in control groups (P < 0.05). 3) The expression of @entity1 in experimental group was significantly higher than that in the two control groups (P < 0.05). 4) Ultrastructure study showed more angiogenesis in experimental group. CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous injection of liposome-mediated @entity1 gene can increase the survival rate of flap with early pedicle division. It is a simple, efficient, economic, and the relatively safe gene therapy.

title: [Experimental study of the effect of liposome-mediated vascular endothelial growth factor gene on the flap survival in XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Peroxisome proliferators (PPs) act as @entity0 promoters in rodents. Their hepatocarcinogenicity requires the presence of the PP-activated receptor alpha ( @entity4 ); however, the exact role played by this transcription factor in the liver, more precisely in liver cell growth and differentiation, is not known. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of @entity4 in oval cells, which are considered to be closely related to liver stem cells, act as bipotential progenitors for the two main hepatic lineages, and have been implicated as playing a role in several models of @entity2 . We studied the @entity4 -mediated response of primary oval cells isolated from @entity1 fed a @entity3 -deficient @entity6 -supplemented diet (CDE diet, a regimen commonly used for the induction of oval cell proliferation in rodents) with or without cotreatment with @entity8 , a prototype @entity4 -activator. @entity4 was expressed at relatively low levels in primary oval cells from @entity1 fed the CDE diet alone. In vivo treatment with @entity8 for 2-6 weeks induced, in the oval cells, the expression of @entity4 as well as that of the @entity4 -responsive genes encoding fatty @entity5 oxidase and @entity9 . Moreover, the oval cell response to @entity8 was accompanied by an overall phenotypic modulation toward the hepatocyte lineage. In addition, the @entity4 activator induced, among the oval cells, a subpopulation of transitional cells showing features of maturing hepatocytes expressing the oncofetal marker, @entity7 . These results show that oval cells are responsive to PPs and strongly argue for a role of @entity4 in the differentiation/maturation of @entity1 oval cells. In the absence of the CDE diet regimen, 9-week treatment with @entity8 lead to the appearance of a population of large-sized cells somewhat similar to the transitional cells. However, these cells showed little expression of markers of mature hepatocytes, consistent with a block during their maturation process, i.e., they are resistant to @entity4 -mediated differentiation. Interestingly, the phenotype of these cells resembled that of the cells usually found in neoplastic foci induced by PPs. Our results, together with previous reports, suggest the involvement of oval cells in the hepatocarcinogenicity of PPs.

title: Differentiation of XXXX oval cells after activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha43.

answer: @entity1


abstract: During @entity0 pregnancy, maternal and fetal compartments of the @entity0 placenta produce and release @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Elevations of placental @entity3 are associated with @entity1 (including @entity2 ). The effects of elevated placental @entity3 on @entity0 fetal neurological development are not known. Pregnant @entity0 in the 31st and 32nd week of gestation consented to procedures for collection of blood and measurement of fetal heart rate (FHR) in response to a series of 40 vibro-acoustic stimuli (VAS). Measures of habituation and dishabituation were calculated from the FHR. All subjects were followed to delivery. Fetuses (N = 33) of @entity0 with highly elevated @entity3 were least responsive (p < .03) to stimulation after presentation of a novel (dishabituating) stimulus with control for parity, fetal gender, medical (antepartum) risk, and gestational length at term. In a larger sample (N = 156) a polynomial model predicted the pattern of FHR reactivity for the first 15 trials. Placental @entity3 concentration significantly predicted FHR reactivity after controlling for the effects of trial number, baseline FHR, inter-trial interval, and presence of uterine contractions. Increased maternal @entity3 levels were significantly related to the length of gestation after controlling for the effects of fetal gender, parity, and medical risk (p = .05). The relationship between length of gestation and FHR was not significant suggesting separate actions of @entity3 on these events. Elevated placental @entity3 appears to accelerate certain developmental events (gestational length) and may influence the fetal nervous system. The impaired fetal responses to novelty and increased arousal observed in this study suggest that neurological systems may be targets for placental @entity3 during sensitive developmental periods.

title: Corticotrophin-releasing hormone and fetal responses in XXXX pregnancy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In Brazil, abortion is only permitted to save the @entity0 's life or in cases of rape. The principal effect of legal restrictions is not to make induced abortion practice less prevalent but to force poor @entity0 to resort to abortions performed under unhygienic conditions or attempt self-induced abortion. Within this context, @entity1 , a synthetic analogue of @entity3 , was introduced in the country in 1986. Purchased over the counter in pharmacies, @entity1 has became a popular abortifacient method among Brazilian @entity0 . By 1990, about 70% of @entity0 hospitalized with abortion-related diagnoses reported use of the drug. In 1991, the Ministry of Health restricted the sale of @entity1 , and in some states its use was totally banned. While the proportion of abortions induced with @entity1 has decreased, the drug continues to be sold on the black market at an inflated value. Research indicates that @entity0 have acquired more experience with the drug over time, resulting in lower doses and more effective administration. Several studies show that the rate and severity of complications are significantly less among @entity0 who used @entity1 compared with @entity0 who used invasive methods. Research also suggests that about half of the @entity0 have @entity4 with @entity1 , but seek medical care as soon as they have @entity2 . The experience of Brazilian @entity0 with @entity1 is an example of how @entity0 when faced with unwanted pregnancy will resort to illegal abortion whatever the costs are to their health.

title: Commercial availability of XXXX and induced abortion in Brazil.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In creating and performing music, musicians can experience health problems from the high physical and psychological demands of their profession. @entity1 related to playing are @entity2 , chronic and disabling conditions which are prevalent among classical musicians. The widespread study of the prevalence, etiology, and management of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a recent development known as performing arts medicine. Despite the rapid development of this new field, it is unclear how musicians identify themselves as injured, and how they make decisions about what, if anything, to do about these disabling injuries. The aims of our study were two-fold. First, we aimed to provide musicians with the opportunity to define a PRMD in their own words. Second, we sought to understand the subjective meaning of the PRMD experience to musicians. Two key informants identified 30 study @entity0 in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. As a form of data triangulation, @entity0 included 27 musicians and three health professionals. Data were collected in semi-structured interviews which lasted, on average, 40 min. Data were transcribed, and were manually coded and analyzed. @entity0 defined a PRMD as @entity2 and other symptoms which are chronic, are beyond their control, and which interfere with their ability to play their instrument at their usual level. @entity0 distinguished between "normal", mild everyday aches and @entity2 , and a PRMD. Although a PRMD is not a medically serious or life-threatening illness, it is devastating to musicians physically, emotionally, socially, and financially. The overall theme of suffering captures the meaning of these problems which threaten the identity of the musician. The findings of this study are consistent with other studies of the experience of work-related @entity1 , and other illnesses.

title: The meaning of XXXX to classical musicians.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Researchers have sought to explain nonadherence to standard medical regimens by investigating a variety of sociodemographic variables, and, less often, by exploring variations between the health perspectives and life circumstances of the individual. While divergence between lay and professional perspectives on the etiology and treatment of @entity2 , such as @entity3 , may possibly account for the documented low rates of adherence to biomedical recommendations, health beliefs and activities are best understood as connected to an individual's personal history and circumstances. In order to evaluate the relationship between causal explanation of @entity3 and adherence, ethnographic interviews were conducted among 51 older (65+) @entity0 with @entity1 and their physicians. We chose to investigate adherence to dietary recommendations because it represents one of the most challenging lifestyle modifications and is particularly important to maintaining glycemic control. The interviews involved ethnomedical and food frequency intake questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Results reveal a stronger association between dietary adherence and etiological perspectives on @entity1 than any sociodemographic factors, including ethnicity, education and income or other health belief factors. Informants suggested five categories that they believed were responsible for the onset of their @entity3 ; poor past dietary practices (n = 22); familial tendency to have @entity1 (n = 10); improper bodily functioning (n = 10); personal risk factors (n = 6); and currently being overweight (n = 3). Analyses indicated that those who implicate former dietary practices, currently being overweight, or having improper bodily functions were more likely to follow a standard recommended diet for individuals with @entity1 . These findings also highlight the attempt by individuals with @entity3 to create 'stories' of meaning of their @entity1 by linking their current management strategies for @entity3 with past practices and history. In addition, our results question the utility of the 'biomedical/alternative' labels.

title: Stories of meaning: lay perspectives on the origin and management of XXXX among older @entity0 in the United States.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Researchers have sought to explain nonadherence to standard medical regimens by investigating a variety of sociodemographic variables, and, less often, by exploring variations between the health perspectives and life circumstances of the individual. While divergence between lay and professional perspectives on the etiology and treatment of @entity2 , such as @entity3 , may possibly account for the documented low rates of adherence to biomedical recommendations, health beliefs and activities are best understood as connected to an individual's personal history and circumstances. In order to evaluate the relationship between causal explanation of @entity3 and adherence, ethnographic interviews were conducted among 51 older (65+) @entity0 with @entity1 and their physicians. We chose to investigate adherence to dietary recommendations because it represents one of the most challenging lifestyle modifications and is particularly important to maintaining glycemic control. The interviews involved ethnomedical and food frequency intake questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Results reveal a stronger association between dietary adherence and etiological perspectives on @entity1 than any sociodemographic factors, including ethnicity, education and income or other health belief factors. Informants suggested five categories that they believed were responsible for the onset of their @entity3 ; poor past dietary practices (n = 22); familial tendency to have @entity1 (n = 10); improper bodily functioning (n = 10); personal risk factors (n = 6); and currently being overweight (n = 3). Analyses indicated that those who implicate former dietary practices, currently being overweight, or having improper bodily functions were more likely to follow a standard recommended diet for individuals with @entity1 . These findings also highlight the attempt by individuals with @entity3 to create 'stories' of meaning of their @entity1 by linking their current management strategies for @entity3 with past practices and history. In addition, our results question the utility of the 'biomedical/alternative' labels.

title: Stories of meaning: lay perspectives on the origin and management of @entity3 among older XXXX in the United States.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The authors developed an original procedure, modified fenestration with restorative spinoplasty (MFRS) for the treatment of @entity2 . The first step is to cut the spinous process in an L-shape, which is caudally reflected. This procedure allows easy access to the spinal canal, including lateral recesses, and makes it easy to perform a trumpet-style decompression of the nerve roots without violating the facet joints. After the decompression of neural tissues, the spinous process is anatomically restored (spinoplasty). The clinical outcomes at 2 years were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scale and @entity0 ' satisfaction. Radiological follow-up included radiographs and CT. Between January 2000 and December 2002, 109 @entity0 with @entity1 with or without mild spondylolisthesis underwent MFRS. Of these, 101 were followed up for at least 2 years (follow-up rate 93%). The average score on the self-administered JOA scale in 89 @entity0 without comorbidity causing gait disturbance improved from 13.3 preoperatively to 22.9 at 2 years' follow-up. Neurogenic intermittent @entity1 disappeared in all cases. The @entity0 ' assessment of treatment satisfaction was "satisfied" in 74 cases, "slightly satisfied" in 12, "slightly dissatisfied" in 2, and "dissatisfied" in 1 case. In 16 cases (18%), a minimum progression of slippage occurred, but no symptomatic instability or recurrent stenosis was observed. Computed tomography showed that the lateral part of the facet joints was well preserved, and the mean residual ratio was 80%. The MFRS technique produces an adequate and safe decompression of the spinal canal, even in @entity0 with @entity3 in whom conventional fenestration is technically demanding.

title: Modified fenestration with restorative spinoplasty for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe our collective experience in the magnetic resonance (MR) investigation of @entity0 with proven acute, subacute, and chronic @entity4 and to demonstrate the spectrum of appearances on T1- and T2-weighted as well as dynamic post- @entity3 spoiled gradient-echo imaging. All @entity0 with proven @entity4 who underwent MR examinations between June, 1992 and October, 1998 were included in the study. Fourteen @entity0 were included in the study: four with acute, three with subacute, three with chronic, and four with acute superimposed on either subacute (two) or chronic (two) @entity4 . MR imaging features were retrospectively evaluated to determine: a) liver morphology, b) pattern of signal intensity (SI) on T1-weighted images, c) pattern of SI on T2 weighted images, d) dynamic enhancement characteristics, e) presence or absence of visible @entity1 , and f) presence or absence of venous macroscopic collaterals. The MR findings were correlated with surgical, histopathological, and laboratory data to determine imaging characteristics related to the chronicity of the disease process. @entity1 or absence of hepatic venous flow was demonstrated in all @entity0 in the study. In the four @entity0 with acute @entity4 , the liver periphery was moderately low signal on T1 and moderately high signal on T2-weighted images relative to the central liver; both early and late @entity3 -enhanced images revealed diminished peripheral enhancement. In the three @entity0 with subacute @entity4 , the liver periphery was moderately low signal on T1, and moderately high signal on T2-weighted images, while early and late @entity3 -enhanced images revealed heterogenously increased enhancement within the liver periphery. In the three @entity0 with chronic @entity4 , the SI differences between peripheral and central liver were minimal on T1- and T2-weighted images, and enhancement differences were also minimal. Extensive bridging intrahepatic and capsular venous collaterals were visualized in chronic cases. In the four @entity0 with acute @entity4 superimposed on more @entity2 , a combination of @entity3 enhancement patterns was observed on MR images. Enhancement patterns between central and peripheral liver were different for acute, subacute, and chronic @entity4 , suggesting differentiation between these phases of the disease process. Application of this pattern approach permitted recognition of acute changes superimposed on more @entity2 .

title: @entity4 : spectrum of appearances of acute, subacute, and XXXX with magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to describe our collective experience in the magnetic resonance (MR) investigation of @entity0 with proven acute, subacute, and chronic @entity4 and to demonstrate the spectrum of appearances on T1- and T2-weighted as well as dynamic post- @entity3 spoiled gradient-echo imaging. All @entity0 with proven @entity4 who underwent MR examinations between June, 1992 and October, 1998 were included in the study. Fourteen @entity0 were included in the study: four with acute, three with subacute, three with chronic, and four with acute superimposed on either subacute (two) or chronic (two) @entity4 . MR imaging features were retrospectively evaluated to determine: a) liver morphology, b) pattern of signal intensity (SI) on T1-weighted images, c) pattern of SI on T2 weighted images, d) dynamic enhancement characteristics, e) presence or absence of visible @entity1 , and f) presence or absence of venous macroscopic collaterals. The MR findings were correlated with surgical, histopathological, and laboratory data to determine imaging characteristics related to the chronicity of the disease process. @entity1 or absence of hepatic venous flow was demonstrated in all @entity0 in the study. In the four @entity0 with acute @entity4 , the liver periphery was moderately low signal on T1 and moderately high signal on T2-weighted images relative to the central liver; both early and late @entity3 -enhanced images revealed diminished peripheral enhancement. In the three @entity0 with subacute @entity4 , the liver periphery was moderately low signal on T1, and moderately high signal on T2-weighted images, while early and late @entity3 -enhanced images revealed heterogenously increased enhancement within the liver periphery. In the three @entity0 with chronic @entity4 , the SI differences between peripheral and central liver were minimal on T1- and T2-weighted images, and enhancement differences were also minimal. Extensive bridging intrahepatic and capsular venous collaterals were visualized in chronic cases. In the four @entity0 with acute @entity4 superimposed on more @entity2 , a combination of @entity3 enhancement patterns was observed on MR images. Enhancement patterns between central and peripheral liver were different for acute, subacute, and chronic @entity4 , suggesting differentiation between these phases of the disease process. Application of this pattern approach permitted recognition of acute changes superimposed on more @entity2 .

title: XXXX : spectrum of appearances of acute, subacute, and @entity2 with magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Central nervous system transplantation currently is being investigated in numerous centers throughout the world. The concept of restoring lost neurological function by grafting neuronal or neuronal-like tissue into the CNS has the potential for revolutionizing the treatment of numerous @entity1 . @entity2 is the subject of the majority of CNS transplantation studies although the first @entity0 studies were disappointing. However, further refinements of technique and @entity0 selection, and animal research using a newly developed primate model of @entity3 , led to promising results reported from several centers. Despite this, numerous fundamental issues have yet to be resolved: (1) age of @entity0 ? (2) degree of disability of @entity0 ? (3) use of fetal or adrenal tissue? (4) caudate or putamen placement? and (5) open or stereotactic surgery? This report reviews the clinically significant results of nonhuman primate research and clinical studies, and addresses these unresolved issues.

title: Central nervous system grafting in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Considerable evidence has shown that the immunosuppressant drug @entity2 ( @entity3 ) may have neuroprotective properties which can be exploited in the treatment of @entity4 . The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular environment within the spinal cord following injury and determine whether @entity3 has an effect on altering cellular interactions to promote a growth-permissive environment. @entity3 was administered to a group of @entity0 4 days after they endured a moderate @entity1 . Functional recovery was assessed using the Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale at 3, 5 and 7 weeks post-injury. The @entity0 were sacrificed 3 and 7 weeks post-injury and the spinal cords were sectioned, stained using histological and immunohistochemical methods and analysed. Using stereology, the lesion size and cellular environment in the @entity3 -treated and control groups was examined. Little difference in lesion volume was observed between the two groups. An improvement in functional recovery was observed within @entity3 -treated animals at 3 weeks. Although we did not see significant reduction in tissue damage, there were some notable differences in the proportion of individual cells contributing to the lesion. @entity3 administration may be used as a technique to control the cell population of the lesion, making it more permissive to neuronal regeneration once the ideal environment for regeneration and the effects of @entity3 administration at different time points post-injury have been identified.

title: Effect of XXXX on functional recovery in the spinal cord following @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Considerable evidence has shown that the immunosuppressant drug @entity2 ( @entity3 ) may have neuroprotective properties which can be exploited in the treatment of @entity4 . The aim of this study was to investigate the cellular environment within the spinal cord following injury and determine whether @entity3 has an effect on altering cellular interactions to promote a growth-permissive environment. @entity3 was administered to a group of @entity0 4 days after they endured a moderate @entity1 . Functional recovery was assessed using the Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale at 3, 5 and 7 weeks post-injury. The @entity0 were sacrificed 3 and 7 weeks post-injury and the spinal cords were sectioned, stained using histological and immunohistochemical methods and analysed. Using stereology, the lesion size and cellular environment in the @entity3 -treated and control groups was examined. Little difference in lesion volume was observed between the two groups. An improvement in functional recovery was observed within @entity3 -treated animals at 3 weeks. Although we did not see significant reduction in tissue damage, there were some notable differences in the proportion of individual cells contributing to the lesion. @entity3 administration may be used as a technique to control the cell population of the lesion, making it more permissive to neuronal regeneration once the ideal environment for regeneration and the effects of @entity3 administration at different time points post-injury have been identified.

title: Effect of @entity2 on functional recovery in the spinal cord following XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether outer retinal changes occur in chronic, presumed @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: The outer retinas from 128 @entity0 eyes with a diagnosis of chronic @entity3 (presumably @entity2 in most cases) and 90 control eyes were examined histologically by 3 masked observers for photoreceptor swelling and loss. Retinas from 9 @entity4 with @entity3 induced experimentally by laser trabecular destruction were compared with 7 fellow (control) eyes. The mean pressure elevations in the eyes with laser trabecular destruction ranged from 26.6 to 53.6 mm Hg with durations varying from 7 to 33 weeks. RESULTS: @entity1 of the red- and green-sensitive cones was observed in a statistically significantly greater proportion of @entity0 eyes with presumed @entity2 compared with the control eyes. Patchy loss of red/green cones and rods was also found in some of the @entity5 . In a subset of the @entity0 eyes with end-stage disease, cone swelling was a variable finding. Although no photoreceptor loss was found in the 9 monkey eyes with experimental @entity3 , 8 had swelling of their red/green cones that was remarkably similar to that seen in the @entity0 eyes. @entity1 was not present in any of the control monkey eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The photoreceptors are affected by chronically elevated intraocular pressure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings may explain some of the @entity6 and the electrophysiological effects that have been observed in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: XXXX and loss of photoreceptors in chronic @entity0 and experimental @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether outer retinal changes occur in chronic, presumed @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: The outer retinas from 128 @entity0 eyes with a diagnosis of chronic @entity3 (presumably @entity2 in most cases) and 90 control eyes were examined histologically by 3 masked observers for photoreceptor swelling and loss. Retinas from 9 @entity4 with @entity3 induced experimentally by laser trabecular destruction were compared with 7 fellow (control) eyes. The mean pressure elevations in the eyes with laser trabecular destruction ranged from 26.6 to 53.6 mm Hg with durations varying from 7 to 33 weeks. RESULTS: @entity1 of the red- and green-sensitive cones was observed in a statistically significantly greater proportion of @entity0 eyes with presumed @entity2 compared with the control eyes. Patchy loss of red/green cones and rods was also found in some of the @entity5 . In a subset of the @entity0 eyes with end-stage disease, cone swelling was a variable finding. Although no photoreceptor loss was found in the 9 monkey eyes with experimental @entity3 , 8 had swelling of their red/green cones that was remarkably similar to that seen in the @entity0 eyes. @entity1 was not present in any of the control monkey eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The photoreceptors are affected by chronically elevated intraocular pressure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings may explain some of the @entity6 and the electrophysiological effects that have been observed in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: @entity1 and loss of photoreceptors in chronic @entity0 and experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether outer retinal changes occur in chronic, presumed @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: The outer retinas from 128 @entity0 eyes with a diagnosis of chronic @entity3 (presumably @entity2 in most cases) and 90 control eyes were examined histologically by 3 masked observers for photoreceptor swelling and loss. Retinas from 9 @entity4 with @entity3 induced experimentally by laser trabecular destruction were compared with 7 fellow (control) eyes. The mean pressure elevations in the eyes with laser trabecular destruction ranged from 26.6 to 53.6 mm Hg with durations varying from 7 to 33 weeks. RESULTS: @entity1 of the red- and green-sensitive cones was observed in a statistically significantly greater proportion of @entity0 eyes with presumed @entity2 compared with the control eyes. Patchy loss of red/green cones and rods was also found in some of the @entity5 . In a subset of the @entity0 eyes with end-stage disease, cone swelling was a variable finding. Although no photoreceptor loss was found in the 9 monkey eyes with experimental @entity3 , 8 had swelling of their red/green cones that was remarkably similar to that seen in the @entity0 eyes. @entity1 was not present in any of the control monkey eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The photoreceptors are affected by chronically elevated intraocular pressure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings may explain some of the @entity6 and the electrophysiological effects that have been observed in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: @entity1 and loss of photoreceptors in chronic XXXX and experimental @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: A double-blind, placebo-controlled phase III study was performed to assess whether basiliximab, a chimeric anti- @entity5 receptor monoclonal antibody, reduced the incidence of acute rejection episodes in renal allograft recipients. METHODS: A total of 348 @entity0 were randomized into two demographically matched, equally sized groups treated with either basiliximab or placebo. The dose of basiliximab-20-mg infusions on day 0 and day 4-was selected to block detection of @entity5 receptor on 97% of peripheral blood lymphocytes for 30-45 days. All @entity0 received immunosuppressive therapy with @entity2 microemulsion (Neoral) and @entity3 . An intent-to-treat analysis of 1-year data assessed the incidence of posttransplant acute rejection episodes, @entity0 and graft survival rates, and the safety and tolerability of basiliximab. RESULTS: Among the eligible 346 @entity0 equally divided into the two treatment groups, basiliximab reduced the proportion of @entity0 who experienced biopsy-confirmed acute rejection episodes by 28%: 61 (35.3%) basiliximab vs. 85 (49.1%) placebo (P=0.009). Graft losses occurred in 9 (5.2%) basiliximab-treated and 12 (6.9%) placebo-treated @entity0 . Five (2.9%) deaths in the basiliximab group and seven (4.0%) in the placebo group occurred. Compared with placebo, a higher fraction of basiliximab @entity0 produced urine in the operating room, and a significantly lower fraction had @entity1 in the first month (serum @entity4 > or =5 mg(dl) and between 1 and 12 months (serum @entity4 > or =3 mg/dl). During the first 12 months, 94 (54%) basiliximab-treated @entity0 experienced serious adverse events, compared with 106 (61%) who received placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic basiliximab therapy is well tolerated, has an adverse event profile comparable to placebo, and significantly reduces the number of acute rejection episodes in renal allograft @entity0 within the first year after transplantation.

title: Reduction of the occurrence of acute cellular rejection among renal allograft recipients treated with basiliximab, a chimeric anti- XXXX -receptor monoclonal antibody. United States Simulect Renal Study Group.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) occurs in chronically inflamed colorectal tissue and may evolve to @entity1 . In vitro data suggest that @entity7 ( @entity8 ) improves @entity3 . AIM: To analyse the changes in @entity3 in 156 distal colonic biopsies of 39 @entity0 with @entity2 that had been treated within a randomized, double-blind trial comparing @entity8 with @entity4 Nissle (EcN). METHODS: Two biopsies had been collected before and after 1 year of treatment. @entity3 testing was performed using a panel of eight markers, including 3 dinucleotide and 5 mononucleotide repeats. RESULTS: No @entity3 was observed with any of the mono-repeats, and among dinucleotide repeats, only D5S346 (maps to APC) and D17S250 ( @entity5 ) were consistently informative. Overall, 31/156 (20%) biopsies displayed @entity3 . After 1 year, 3/11 @entity0 displayed @entity3 improvement [change to @entity6 ( @entity6 ); 1 on @entity8 , 2 on EcN] at D5S346 and 4/11 showed @entity3 worsening (change from @entity6 to @entity3 ; all @entity8 ). For D17S250, the corresponding data were for 3/9 @entity0 (2 on @entity8 , 1 on EcN) and 2/9 (both on @entity8 ), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In the set of biopsies taken from @entity0 treated with 1.5 g @entity8 for 1 year, there was no improvement in the prevalence of @entity3 in the distal colon.

title: In vivo effects of @entity7 or XXXX Nissle 1917 on microsatellite instability in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) occurs in chronically inflamed colorectal tissue and may evolve to @entity1 . In vitro data suggest that @entity7 ( @entity8 ) improves @entity3 . AIM: To analyse the changes in @entity3 in 156 distal colonic biopsies of 39 @entity0 with @entity2 that had been treated within a randomized, double-blind trial comparing @entity8 with @entity4 Nissle (EcN). METHODS: Two biopsies had been collected before and after 1 year of treatment. @entity3 testing was performed using a panel of eight markers, including 3 dinucleotide and 5 mononucleotide repeats. RESULTS: No @entity3 was observed with any of the mono-repeats, and among dinucleotide repeats, only D5S346 (maps to APC) and D17S250 ( @entity5 ) were consistently informative. Overall, 31/156 (20%) biopsies displayed @entity3 . After 1 year, 3/11 @entity0 displayed @entity3 improvement [change to @entity6 ( @entity6 ); 1 on @entity8 , 2 on EcN] at D5S346 and 4/11 showed @entity3 worsening (change from @entity6 to @entity3 ; all @entity8 ). For D17S250, the corresponding data were for 3/9 @entity0 (2 on @entity8 , 1 on EcN) and 2/9 (both on @entity8 ), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In the set of biopsies taken from @entity0 treated with 1.5 g @entity8 for 1 year, there was no improvement in the prevalence of @entity3 in the distal colon.

title: In vivo effects of @entity7 or @entity4 Nissle 1917 on microsatellite instability in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) occurs in chronically inflamed colorectal tissue and may evolve to @entity1 . In vitro data suggest that @entity7 ( @entity8 ) improves @entity3 . AIM: To analyse the changes in @entity3 in 156 distal colonic biopsies of 39 @entity0 with @entity2 that had been treated within a randomized, double-blind trial comparing @entity8 with @entity4 Nissle (EcN). METHODS: Two biopsies had been collected before and after 1 year of treatment. @entity3 testing was performed using a panel of eight markers, including 3 dinucleotide and 5 mononucleotide repeats. RESULTS: No @entity3 was observed with any of the mono-repeats, and among dinucleotide repeats, only D5S346 (maps to APC) and D17S250 ( @entity5 ) were consistently informative. Overall, 31/156 (20%) biopsies displayed @entity3 . After 1 year, 3/11 @entity0 displayed @entity3 improvement [change to @entity6 ( @entity6 ); 1 on @entity8 , 2 on EcN] at D5S346 and 4/11 showed @entity3 worsening (change from @entity6 to @entity3 ; all @entity8 ). For D17S250, the corresponding data were for 3/9 @entity0 (2 on @entity8 , 1 on EcN) and 2/9 (both on @entity8 ), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In the set of biopsies taken from @entity0 treated with 1.5 g @entity8 for 1 year, there was no improvement in the prevalence of @entity3 in the distal colon.

title: In vivo effects of XXXX or @entity4 Nissle 1917 on microsatellite instability in @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The use of alternative promoters represents an important mechanism for the regulation of growth hormone receptor ( @entity1 ) gene expression. Two promoters have been isolated previously for the @entity1 gene: the P1 promoter that drives liver-specific expression, and the P2 promoter that drives ubiquitous expression. In the present study, we isolated a third @entity1 promoter termed P3. The P3 promoter was GC-rich and TATA-less. The P3 promoter was able to drive the expression of a luciferase reporter gene in cell lines Hep G2, PLC/PRF/5, and BHK-21. In vivo, the P3 promoter initiated transcription from two major sites in exon 1C of the @entity1 gene in many tissues. In the adult @entity0 liver, the P3-transcribed @entity1 mRNA represented only 10% of the total @entity1 mRNA pool. In non-hepatic tissues such as kidney, skeletal muscle, mammary gland, and uterus, P3-transcribed @entity1 mRNA represented 30-40% of the total @entity1 mRNA pool. Within the @entity0 @entity1 gene, the P3 promoter was located immediately downstream from the P2 promoter. In transfected cells, the P2 promoter served as an enhancer for the P3 promoter. Existence and co-regulation of two ubiquitous promoters may be a mechanism for achieving a high level of expression of the @entity1 gene in multiple tissues.

title: Isolation and characterization of a novel promoter for the XXXX growth hormone receptor gene.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A 42-year-old Japanese male, who had been suffering from @entity3 and @entity4 ( @entity2 , intraventricular conduction disturbance, @entity5 ), died after a clinical course of 2 years and 1 month. Macroscopic investigation revealed dilation of the left ventricle and thickening of the right ventricular wall. The unique finding in this case was a circumferential @entity0 in the median circular layer and outer oblique layer of the left ventricular wall. Biopsy and autopsy materials revealed @entity1 in the central zone of cardiac muscle fibers, and replacement with @entity7 blue-positive homogeneous material (17-35% of the area of one muscle fiber). Electron microscopy revealed abnormal accumulation of fine filamentous material (7.5-25 nm in diameter), which was immunohistochemically proved to be @entity6 -type intermediate filament. Moreover, sarcoplasmic reticulum-like material was detected in the degenerated area. At autopsy, degeneration was detected all over the heart. The ventricular muscle fibers were more severely affected than the atrial muscle fibers. The conduction system was also affected, in some parts more severely than the surrounding ordinary muscle fibers. The pathogenesis of this disorder remains to be clarified.

title: Cardiomyopathy characterized by abnormal accumulation of XXXX -type intermediate filaments in cardiac muscle fibers. A case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the result of radiofrequency (RF)-assisted @entity1 with closed surgical valvotomy and Blalock Taussig (BT) shunt as primary treatment in selected @entity0 with @entity3 and intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS). BACKGROUND: @entity0 with PA-IVS who have mild to moderate @entity2 of the right ventricle (RV) and patent infundibulum have the greatest potential for complete biventricular circulation. The use of RF or laser wires to perforate the atretic valve followed by @entity1 provides an alternative to surgery. METHODS: Between May 1990 and March 1998, 33 selected @entity0 underwent either percutaneous @entity1 (group 1, n = 21; two crossed over to group 2) or surgical valvotomy with concomitant BT shunt (group 2, n = 14). Second RV decompression by @entity1 or right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction were performed if necessary. @entity0 who remained cyanosed were subjected to transcatheter trial closure of the interatrial communication. Partial biventricular repair was offered to those with inadequate growth of the RV. RESULTS: The primary procedure was successful in 19 @entity0 in group 1. There was one in-hospital death and two late deaths. Of the remaining 16 survivors, 12 achieved complete biventricular circulation, 7 of whom required no further interventions. Two @entity0 required repeat @entity1 , 1 RVOT reconstruction and 2 transcatheter closure of interatrial communication. Two @entity0 underwent partial biventricular repair. In group 2, there were 3 in-hospital deaths after the primary procedure and 1 @entity0 died four months later. All survivors (n = 10) required a second RV decompression, 8 by @entity1 and 2 by RVOT reconstruction, after which, two @entity0 died. Of the final 8 survivors, 7 achieved complete biventricular circulation, 5 after coil occlusion of the BT shunt and 2 after closure of interatrial communication. CONCLUSIONS: Radiofrequency @entity1 is more efficacious and safe compared with closed pulmonary valvotomy and BT shunt in selected @entity0 with PA-IVS.

title: XXXX with intact ventricular septum percutaneous radiofrequency-assisted @entity1 versus surgical valvotomy and Blalock Taussig shunt.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the result of radiofrequency (RF)-assisted @entity1 with closed surgical valvotomy and Blalock Taussig (BT) shunt as primary treatment in selected @entity0 with @entity3 and intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS). BACKGROUND: @entity0 with PA-IVS who have mild to moderate @entity2 of the right ventricle (RV) and patent infundibulum have the greatest potential for complete biventricular circulation. The use of RF or laser wires to perforate the atretic valve followed by @entity1 provides an alternative to surgery. METHODS: Between May 1990 and March 1998, 33 selected @entity0 underwent either percutaneous @entity1 (group 1, n = 21; two crossed over to group 2) or surgical valvotomy with concomitant BT shunt (group 2, n = 14). Second RV decompression by @entity1 or right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) reconstruction were performed if necessary. @entity0 who remained cyanosed were subjected to transcatheter trial closure of the interatrial communication. Partial biventricular repair was offered to those with inadequate growth of the RV. RESULTS: The primary procedure was successful in 19 @entity0 in group 1. There was one in-hospital death and two late deaths. Of the remaining 16 survivors, 12 achieved complete biventricular circulation, 7 of whom required no further interventions. Two @entity0 required repeat @entity1 , 1 RVOT reconstruction and 2 transcatheter closure of interatrial communication. Two @entity0 underwent partial biventricular repair. In group 2, there were 3 in-hospital deaths after the primary procedure and 1 @entity0 died four months later. All survivors (n = 10) required a second RV decompression, 8 by @entity1 and 2 by RVOT reconstruction, after which, two @entity0 died. Of the final 8 survivors, 7 achieved complete biventricular circulation, 5 after coil occlusion of the BT shunt and 2 after closure of interatrial communication. CONCLUSIONS: Radiofrequency @entity1 is more efficacious and safe compared with closed pulmonary valvotomy and BT shunt in selected @entity0 with PA-IVS.

title: @entity3 with intact ventricular septum percutaneous radiofrequency-assisted XXXX versus surgical valvotomy and Blalock Taussig shunt.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In a phase II study, etanercept (recombinant @entity0 @entity1 necrosis factor receptor [p75]:Fc fusion protein) safely produced rapid, dose-dependent improvement in @entity2 over 3 months. OBJECTIVE: To confirm the benefit of etanercept therapy of longer duration and simplified dosing in @entity0 with @entity2 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial with blinded joint assessors. SETTING: 13 North American centers. @entity0 : 234 @entity0 with active @entity2 who had an inadequate response to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. INTERVENTION: Twice-weekly subcutaneous injections of etanercept, 10 or 25 mg, or placebo for 6 months. MEASUREMENTS: The primary end points were 20% and 50% improvement in disease activity according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) responses at 3 and 6 months. Other end points were 70% ACR responses at 3 and 6 months and other measures of disease activity at 3 and 6 months. RESULTS: Etanercept significantly reduced disease activity in a dose-related fashion. At 3 months, 62% of the @entity0 receiving 25 mg of etanercept and 23% of the placebo recipients achieved 20% ACR response (P < 0.001). At 6 months, 59% of the 25-mg group and 11% of the placebo group achieved a 20% ACR response (P < 0.001); 40% and 5%, respectively, achieved a 50% ACR response (P < 0.01). The respective mean percentage reduction in the number of @entity3 at 6 months was 56% and 47% in the 25-mg group and 6% and -7% in the placebo group (P < 0.05). Significantly more etanercept recipients achieved a 70% ACR response, minimal disease status (0 to 5 affected joints), and improved quality of life. Etanercept was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting toxic effects. CONCLUSIONS: Etanercept can safely provide rapid, significant, and sustained benefit in @entity0 with active @entity2 .

title: Etanercept therapy in XXXX . A randomized, controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This paper describes a technique of using Medpor porous high-density @entity3 implants for nasal reconstruction and chin augmentation. This biocompatible material has been used successfully during the last decade for various applications in the reconstruction of the facial skeleton. Among its most frequent uses are repair of the orbital floor and reconstruction of the burned ear, which became standard methods at many centers. Relatively little experience is, at present, on hand concerning the use of porous @entity3 in reconstruction of the nasal framework. Twenty-three consecutive, difficult nasal reconstructions were performed using this method since 1996. @entity0 were followed up for from 1 to 3 years (mean, 2 years). The results were durable and stable over the time. Eight @entity0 had @entity1 and 15 had catastrophe noses, mostly referrals, previously operated on from one to four times. My aesthetic goals were correction of the depressed nasal dorsum, creation of an acceptable nasal dorsum in the thick and/or twisted noses, and tip elevation. For nasal applications Medpor is available as a strut or sheet. Its body, once implanted, becomes rapidly vascularized and both soft tissue ingrowth and collagen deposition occur. This was confirmed by the microscopic investigation of biopsies. One @entity0 of Vietnamese origin had an aesthetically pleasing result, but her family refused to accept her westernized nose. This gave me a unique opportunity to study the whole Medpor implant 6 months after implantation. There were two complications, one small implant exposure and one @entity2 involving the nasal tip. Following revision and antibiotic treatment, both @entity0 healed without sequel. All reconstructions were successful in restoring nasal aesthetics and function. Four @entity0 underwent chin augmentations with an uneventful clinical course.

title: Porous XXXX implants for nasal reconstruction: clinical and histologic studies.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: This comparative and comprehensive study builds on a previous study comparing the @entity2 wave of impulsively violent delinquents and a non-impulsive non-delinquent group. The purpose was to investigate changes in @entity2 cognitive evoked potentials, especially the amplitude and latency at the Pz electrode site. MATERIAL/METHODS: The @entity2 parameters of perpetrators of various types of criminal offences and those of a control group matched for age, gender, and educational status were compared (N=80). There were 20 subjects with @entity1 @entity1 . The observed parameters were compared with the neuropsychophysiological correlates of a group of 20 subjects with deliberately (i.e. non-impulsive) violent behavior, a group of 20 delinquents sentenced for property crimes (theft), and 20 non-delinquent non-impulsive nonviolent @entity0 . To differentiate these groups, Eysenck's IVE questionnaire and a structured interview according to DSM IV criteria conducted by a certified forensic psychiatrist were used. RESULTS: The results showed a significantly lower @entity2 wave amplitude in the @entity1 individuals than in the other groups. No significant differences were found in terms of latency. The results confirm the results of previous studies. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest the possibility of a neuropsychophysiological correlate of @entity1 individuals behaving in a socially dangerous way. This opens a discussion on the subject of expert evaluation of criminal acts within the context of "uncontrolled affect".

title: Brain wave XXXX : a comparative study of various forms of criminal activity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unintentional injuries are the fifth leading cause of @entity1 in the general population, but even more of a concern in the population of @entity0 with @entity2 . The present study was conducted to investigate trends in choking resulting in @entity1 of @entity0 with @entity2 in residential care centers in Israel over the period of 1991-2004. MATERIAL/METHODS: Data for this study came from the Office @entity3 ( @entity3 ), Division for @entity4 (DMR), Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Services. Every case of @entity1 in residential centers is reported to the @entity3 , which has registered the place of residence, date of birth, age at @entity1 , sex, ethnic background, level of ID, cause of @entity1 , autopsy, and review committee, if this was established, in a data register since 1991. Data concerned with food choking were extracted from the mortality register for the 1991-2004 period. RESULTS: Over the study period (14 years) there was a total of 1019 cases of @entity1 with 27 (2.65%) caused by food choking. The average rate was 42.6 per 100,000 study population for food choking. CONCLUSIONS: The solution is prevention. In recent years the @entity3 together with other professionals have produced educational material and seminars on feeding and preventive measures. Not every case can be prevented, but it is important to identify risk factors, educate care givers, and ensure that food products that are common choking hazards are kept away from residents who are at risk.

title: Residential care centers for @entity0 with XXXX in Israel: trends in mortality from food choking during 1991-2004.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Unintentional injuries are the fifth leading cause of @entity1 in the general population, but even more of a concern in the population of @entity0 with @entity2 . The present study was conducted to investigate trends in choking resulting in @entity1 of @entity0 with @entity2 in residential care centers in Israel over the period of 1991-2004. MATERIAL/METHODS: Data for this study came from the Office @entity3 ( @entity3 ), Division for @entity4 (DMR), Ministry of Social Affairs and Social Services. Every case of @entity1 in residential centers is reported to the @entity3 , which has registered the place of residence, date of birth, age at @entity1 , sex, ethnic background, level of ID, cause of @entity1 , autopsy, and review committee, if this was established, in a data register since 1991. Data concerned with food choking were extracted from the mortality register for the 1991-2004 period. RESULTS: Over the study period (14 years) there was a total of 1019 cases of @entity1 with 27 (2.65%) caused by food choking. The average rate was 42.6 per 100,000 study population for food choking. CONCLUSIONS: The solution is prevention. In recent years the @entity3 together with other professionals have produced educational material and seminars on feeding and preventive measures. Not every case can be prevented, but it is important to identify risk factors, educate care givers, and ensure that food products that are common choking hazards are kept away from residents who are at risk.

title: Residential care centers for XXXX with @entity2 in Israel: trends in mortality from food choking during 1991-2004.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine @entity2 ( @entity2 ) frequency of @entity3 and reduced bone mass in @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and compare the data of the @entity6 @entity0 with matched @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity0 and healthy controls. Secondly, to study possible correlations between @entity2 , @entity1 variables in the @entity6 @entity0 . METHODS: Measures of @entity2 assessed by dual energy x ray absorptiometry were obtained from 75 @entity6 @entity0 aged </= 70 years, 75 @entity5 @entity0 matched for age, sex and disease duration, and from 75 healthy controls matched for age, sex and geographical area. Disease activity and accumulated organ damage were assessed in the @entity6 @entity0 . RESULTS: The @entity6 @entity0 had significantly lower @entity2 values at lumbar spine L2-L4 and hip, and higher frequency of @entity3 at all sites of measurement compared with matched healthy controls. The matched @entity6 and @entity5 @entity0 had similar @entity2 , prevalence of @entity3 and reduced bone mass. In the @entity6 @entity0 @entity2 was more strongly correlated with accumulated organ damage than with markers of disease activity or duration. In multivariate analyses @entity2 was at all sites predicted by age and body mass, at lumbar spine also by the current @entity4 dose. CONCLUSION: The study showed reduced @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity6 compared with matched healthy controls. Premenopausal @entity0 taking corticosteroids were especially affected. Furthermore, the @entity2 of matched @entity6 and @entity5 @entity0 was reduced to a similar extent.

title: Bone mineral density in XXXX : comparison with @entity5 and healthy controls.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine @entity2 ( @entity2 ) frequency of @entity3 and reduced bone mass in @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and compare the data of the @entity6 @entity0 with matched @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity0 and healthy controls. Secondly, to study possible correlations between @entity2 , @entity1 variables in the @entity6 @entity0 . METHODS: Measures of @entity2 assessed by dual energy x ray absorptiometry were obtained from 75 @entity6 @entity0 aged </= 70 years, 75 @entity5 @entity0 matched for age, sex and disease duration, and from 75 healthy controls matched for age, sex and geographical area. Disease activity and accumulated organ damage were assessed in the @entity6 @entity0 . RESULTS: The @entity6 @entity0 had significantly lower @entity2 values at lumbar spine L2-L4 and hip, and higher frequency of @entity3 at all sites of measurement compared with matched healthy controls. The matched @entity6 and @entity5 @entity0 had similar @entity2 , prevalence of @entity3 and reduced bone mass. In the @entity6 @entity0 @entity2 was more strongly correlated with accumulated organ damage than with markers of disease activity or duration. In multivariate analyses @entity2 was at all sites predicted by age and body mass, at lumbar spine also by the current @entity4 dose. CONCLUSION: The study showed reduced @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity6 compared with matched healthy controls. Premenopausal @entity0 taking corticosteroids were especially affected. Furthermore, the @entity2 of matched @entity6 and @entity5 @entity0 was reduced to a similar extent.

title: Bone mineral density in @entity6 : comparison with XXXX and healthy controls.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Toxic @entity7 is a severe reaction with skin involvement induced by different drugs and other agents. The mechanisms implicated in the induction of the reaction are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to study the involvement of T lymphocytes and other immunocompetent cells in the peripheral blood, blister fluid, and affected skin of 3 @entity0 who had a severe reaction after receiving anticonvulsant medication. METHODS: Quantification of T lymphocytes expressing the skin-homing receptor (cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen   @entity6 ) in peripheral blood, skin, and skin blister fluid and assessment of other adhesion molecules, activation markers, and inflammatory interleukins by flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and reverse transcription-PCR. RESULTS: An increase in CD3(+) @entity6 (+) cells paralleling the severity of the disease was observed in both peripheral blood and skin, tending to normalize as soon as @entity0 's conditions improved. @entity5 was detected in endothelial vessels in parallel with @entity6 expression on lymphocytes. An overexpression of @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity4 was also observed in PBMCs. The expression of the different markers changed over the course of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: These data show an increase in activated T cells expressing the skin-homing receptor in both tissue and peripheral blood accompanying clinical symptoms, with a recruitment of macrophages and an overexpression of cytokines. All these results suggest an important role for T cells in the production of @entity1 .

title: Anticonvulsant-induced XXXX : monitoring the immunologic response.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 crisis episodes are poorly treated in @entity4 , both in timeliness and appropriateness of care. Delayed treatment in Emergency Departments, unrelieved @entity1 , frequent admissions, and prolonged hospitalizations are common. We established a @entity3 ( @entity3 ) to determine if an alternative care delivery system could improve @entity1 relief and reduce unnecessary hospital admissions for @entity0 with uncomplicated @entity1 crises. Trained @entity3 staff delivered prompt titration for @entity1 relief based on each @entity0 's analgesic history and qualitative and quantitative assessments. Response to therapy and comorbidities commanded disposition. During the first 5 years of @entity3 operation there were 2554 visits; 60% of the @entity0 had severe @entity1 . During an average visit of 4.5 hours, 84% of the @entity0 were titrated to relief; 90% had @entity1 relief within 2 to 4 hours. Overall, 81% of the @entity0 were discharged home (70% initially and 90% to 94% in the last 3 years). During the first 5 years of the @entity3 , there were 2612 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) visits that averaged 13 hours each. The combined @entity2 and @entity3 admissions during this time represented a 40% decrease in the baseline @entity2 admission rate of 92%, (1 year pre- @entity3 ). @entity0 with uncomplicated @entity1 crisis were admitted 5 times less often from the @entity3 (8.3%) than from the @entity2 (42.7%). The length of stay (LOS) for inpatients followed by the @entity3 staff decreased by 1.5 days, while the LOS for @entity0 followed by non- @entity3 staff remained unchanged. Reduction of admissions and LOS represented a savings of approximately  1.7 million. We conclude that a dedicated facility provides the kingpin for effective and rapid @entity1 crisis management, reduces hospitalizations, and facilitates integration of the approach into other areas of care. (Blood. 2000;95:1130-1136)

title: Sickle cell anemia day hospital: an approach for the management of uncomplicated XXXX crises.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) has a great potential as a novel treatment for @entity3 ( @entity3 ). It has previously been demonstrated that a nonvirulent strain of @entity4 mutant (ST) can be used not only as a vehicle in oral genetic immunization via the intestinal mucosa, but also as an enhancer of interferon gamma- and @entity1 necrosis factor alpha-mediated immunity. After confirming that @entity0 @entity8 can up-regulate expression of Fas, @entity7 , and @entity6 molecules on @entity2 @entity3 cells in vitro, we transfected the @entity0 @entity8 gene into @entity4 mutant (ST40L), which was administrated orally to determine whether it was able to prevent the growth of @entity3 in @entity2 . Expression of @entity0 @entity8 was confirmed immunohistochemically with protein being detected in the Peyer's patches of @entity2 immunized with ST40L. Moreover, @entity0 soluble @entity8 had been detectable until 7 to 8 weeks after oral administration of ST40L. Although ST alone exhibited some protective effects, ST40L demonstrated a significantly greater protection against the development of @entity5 positive @entity3 compared with the control. In the surviving @entity2 that had been treated with ST40L, a small and hard nodule was formed at the injection site, which was found to be composed of infiltrating lymphocytes expressing Fas ligand. These results have the potential to be a simple, effective, and above all, safe immune-gene therapy against @entity3 . (Blood. 2000;95:1258-1263)

title: An oral XXXX ligand gene therapy against lymphoma using attenuated @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) has a great potential as a novel treatment for @entity3 ( @entity3 ). It has previously been demonstrated that a nonvirulent strain of @entity4 mutant (ST) can be used not only as a vehicle in oral genetic immunization via the intestinal mucosa, but also as an enhancer of interferon gamma- and @entity1 necrosis factor alpha-mediated immunity. After confirming that @entity0 @entity8 can up-regulate expression of Fas, @entity7 , and @entity6 molecules on @entity2 @entity3 cells in vitro, we transfected the @entity0 @entity8 gene into @entity4 mutant (ST40L), which was administrated orally to determine whether it was able to prevent the growth of @entity3 in @entity2 . Expression of @entity0 @entity8 was confirmed immunohistochemically with protein being detected in the Peyer's patches of @entity2 immunized with ST40L. Moreover, @entity0 soluble @entity8 had been detectable until 7 to 8 weeks after oral administration of ST40L. Although ST alone exhibited some protective effects, ST40L demonstrated a significantly greater protection against the development of @entity5 positive @entity3 compared with the control. In the surviving @entity2 that had been treated with ST40L, a small and hard nodule was formed at the injection site, which was found to be composed of infiltrating lymphocytes expressing Fas ligand. These results have the potential to be a simple, effective, and above all, safe immune-gene therapy against @entity3 . (Blood. 2000;95:1258-1263)

title: An oral @entity5 ligand gene therapy against lymphoma using attenuated XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A rapid method for screening potential dye ligands for use in affinity chromatography is described. Textile dyes were non-covalently coupled to a cross-linked polysaccharide Sepharose(R) matrix. @entity0 @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was used as the model protein for evaluating the screening system. A homogenate from @entity0 was used as the crude source of enzyme. Batchwise adsorption and elution were used to evaluate the individual dyes. The influence of pH and ionic strength in the binding and elution steps was evaluated. Batch isotherms were used to evaluate parameter characteristics. Experimental data obtained were fitted to Langmuir isotherms to determine the maximum binding capacity and the dissociation constant for each dye evaluated in this study. A dynamic binding capacity of 107.6 units of @entity1 /g of resin was determined for Procion Turquoise MXG dye by frontal analysis. Specific elution with @entity2 + and non-specific elution with 50 mM Tris/HCl buffer, pH 8.5, were tested when Procion Turquoise MXG was used, giving purification factors of 53.5 and 4.4 respectively. This screening technique is inexpensive and can be performed in a few hours. It was possible to predict the performance of different reactive dyes in this way, and the influence of pH and salt on the binding behaviour was demonstrated.

title: Rapid screening of textile dyes employed as affinity ligands to purify enzymes from XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Fibronectin is secreted from the cell as a soluble protein that must then polymerize to regulate cell function. To elucidate the process of fibronectin matrix assembly in @entity2 , we immunostained sections of balloon-injured @entity1 carotid artery for the fibronectin-binding alpha5beta1 integrin. Whereas alpha5beta1 integrin was not evident in the normal carotid artery, its expression was induced after a @entity3 . By 14 days, the alpha5beta1 integrin was localized exclusively to the less differentiated smooth muscle cells (SMCs) at the luminal surface of the @entity4 . Platelet-derived growth factor-BB, dominant in neointimal formation, selectively increased the expression of the alpha5beta1 integrin by @entity0 SMCs in culture. To track the assembly of fibronectin fibers, fluorescence-labeled soluble fibronectin protomers were added to cultured SMCs and to fresh segments of normal and balloon-injured @entity1 carotid arteries. Fibronectin fiber formation in cultured SMCs could be detected within 10 minutes, and was blocked by an RGD peptide, an anti-beta1 integrin antibody, and an anti-alpha5beta1 integrin antibody, but not by an anti-beta3 integrin antibody. En face confocal microscopy of arterial segments revealed that soluble fibronectin had polymerized on the alpha5beta1 integrin-expressing SMCs of the luminal surface of the injured @entity4 , but not on the alpha5beta1 integrin-negative neointimal SMCs below this or on the endothelial cells of uninjured arteries. Furthermore, in situ fibronectin assembly by the neointimal SMCs was inhibited by an RGD peptide and by an anti-beta1 integrin antibody. These studies indicate that a subpopulation of SMCs in the repairing artery wall orchestrates integrin-mediated fibronectin assembly.

title: alpha5beta1 integrin expression and luminal edge fibronectin matrix assembly by smooth muscle cells after XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to describe risk factors for @entity2 among twins born in South Carolina. STUDY DESIGN: South Carolina publicly accessible live birth and @entity0 death cohort files for live-born twins >500 g were reviewed for the years 1988 through 1993. @entity0 with @entity1 were deleted from the cohort before analysis. Risk factors for @entity2 were determined for the entire cohort and for the birth weight categories of 500 to 999 g, 1000 to 1499 g, 1500 to 2499 g, and >/=2500 g. Statistical comparisons were performed with the Mantel-Haenszel chi2 test and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Of 7833 live-born twins, 263 (3.4%) died during the neonatal period. The mean birth weight was 2357 +/- 650 g (range 500-5358 g) at a mean gestational age of 35.7 +/- 3.5 weeks. Overall neonatal mortality rates were significantly increased (P <.001) for twins whose mothers were nonwhite (4.2 vs 2.8%), were <20 years old (6.0 vs 3.2%), or received no prenatal care (14.7 vs 3.1%). After we controlled for population characteristics with multivariate techniques, analysis revealed birth weight <2500 g and residence in the most populous urban areas to be associated with increased neonatal mortality rates. After stratification into birth weight categories, race was no longer a significant variable; in fact, nonwhite twins had a survival advantage at birth weights <1500 g, but this was not significant. Maternal age <20 years was associated with a higher neonatal mortality rate for @entity0 with birth weights between 1500 and 2499 g. Absence of prenatal care significantly increased the neonatal mortality rate for twins >/=1500 g but not for those who were smaller. For @entity0 weighing 500 to 999 g neonatal mortality rates were significantly lower at hospitals with >/=2000 deliveries/y than at hospitals with lower delivery volumes (P =.005). CONCLUSIONS: Although the overall neonatal mortality rate for twins continues to improve, increased rates are still seen among blacks, teenagers, and @entity0 who receive no prenatal care. Twins between 500 and 999 g have significantly reduced neonatal mortality rates when delivered at hospitals with a high obstetric volume.

title: Risk factors for XXXX in twin gestations in the state of South Carolina.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Radical cystectomy remains the gold standard in treatment of muscle invasive @entity1 . Evolution of pathological guidelines has empowered centres to offer orthotopic substitution (OBS) to @entity0 undergoing radical cystectomy. We compared health-related quality of life (HRQoL) between @entity0 who underwent OBS or @entity2 ( @entity2 ) following radical cystectomy. @entity0 AND METHODS: A total of 57 @entity0 who underwent cystectomy were assessed pre-operatively using Karnofsky performance scale (KPS). Of these, 52 @entity0 (28 OBS and 24 @entity2 ) who responded to a postal questionnaire consisting of SF-36 and a functional index questionnaire were included. RESULTS: Median age of @entity0 was 70 years. Pre-operative KPS scores were similar. All eight HRQoL scales were favourable in both groups. OBS @entity0 had significantly better physical functioning. In the cohort, 42% of @entity0 with OBS and 25% of diversions could maintain an erection to varying degrees. Of the OBS @entity0 , 85% were continent with two @entity0 reporting reduced QoL with pad usage. Of @entity2 @entity0 , 63% felt less complete and 42% were embarrassed due to the stoma, with 58% apprehensive of stomal leakage. Of OBS @entity0 , 96% had significant relationships and a more active life-style. CONCLUSIONS: In a similar age-group population, there was no significant difference in most QoL indices but body image issues persist in @entity2 @entity0 . OBS @entity0 had significantly better physical function, continuing to have a more active lifestyle. They attained urethral voiding with good continence. A detailed discussion of long-term functional outcome would engender a realistic expectation allowing better adaptation.

title: Orthotopic neobladder versus XXXX after cystectomy--a quality-of-life based comparison.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between leukotriene expression in blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 with @entity1 (5-12 years) and ten healthy @entity0 (control group) were enrolled. The asthmatic @entity0 were subdivided into ICS well-controlled and ICS poorly-controlled groups based on their clinical symptoms and lung function. The level of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) mRNA in PMNL was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The level of @entity3 mRNA was expressed by the value of qCt, and the value of qCt was diversely correlated with the level of @entity3 mRNA expression. The concentration of urinary @entity2 (LTE4) was measured using ELISA. RESULTS: The expression of @entity3 mRNA in PMNL was significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity1 (qCt: 1.12+/-0.27) than that in the control group (qCt: 1.42+/-0.12; P< 0.05). The expression of @entity3 mRNA in PMNL in the ICS poorly-controlled group (qCt: 1.03+/-0.17) was significantly higher than that in the ICS well-controlled group (qCt: 1.24+/-0.33; P< 0.05) and the control group(1.42+/-0.12; P< 0.01). There was no significant difference in the level of urinary LTE4 among the the ICS poorly-controlled, the ICS well-controlled and the control groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 mRNA expression in PMNL in asthmatic @entity0 increases, and the @entity3 mRNA expression in the ICS poorly-controlled group is higher than that in the ICS well-controlled group. This suggests that an increased leukotriene expression might be associated with poorly-controlled @entity1 .

title: [Relationship between the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids and the leukotriene expression in @entity0 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between leukotriene expression in blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 with @entity1 (5-12 years) and ten healthy @entity0 (control group) were enrolled. The asthmatic @entity0 were subdivided into ICS well-controlled and ICS poorly-controlled groups based on their clinical symptoms and lung function. The level of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) mRNA in PMNL was detected by fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The level of @entity3 mRNA was expressed by the value of qCt, and the value of qCt was diversely correlated with the level of @entity3 mRNA expression. The concentration of urinary @entity2 (LTE4) was measured using ELISA. RESULTS: The expression of @entity3 mRNA in PMNL was significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity1 (qCt: 1.12+/-0.27) than that in the control group (qCt: 1.42+/-0.12; P< 0.05). The expression of @entity3 mRNA in PMNL in the ICS poorly-controlled group (qCt: 1.03+/-0.17) was significantly higher than that in the ICS well-controlled group (qCt: 1.24+/-0.33; P< 0.05) and the control group(1.42+/-0.12; P< 0.01). There was no significant difference in the level of urinary LTE4 among the the ICS poorly-controlled, the ICS well-controlled and the control groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 mRNA expression in PMNL in asthmatic @entity0 increases, and the @entity3 mRNA expression in the ICS poorly-controlled group is higher than that in the ICS well-controlled group. This suggests that an increased leukotriene expression might be associated with poorly-controlled @entity1 .

title: [Relationship between the efficacy of inhaled corticosteroids and the leukotriene expression in XXXX with @entity1 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Joint erosion is a prevalent feature of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) but not of many other chronic inflammatory arthritides (non- @entity3 ). Joint destruction is mediated by cytokines, primarily interleukin (IL)-1 and @entity1 @entity2 factor. Less erosive activity in @entity0 with non- @entity3 compared to @entity3 might be related to factors that inhibit production and/or function of IL-1. Release of @entity8 , and the two antagonists, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 from blood mononuclear cells were therefore quantitated by ELISA in 22 @entity0 with @entity3 , 11 with non- @entity3 and 15 healthy age-matched controls. Release of @entity8 was comparable between the three groups but only detectable in cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide; it decreased in @entity0 treated with @entity4 : 3.8 ng/10(6)monocytes (median) vs 11.7 (P=0.045). Release of @entity7 was in all but IgG-stimulated cultures comparable between groups. The ratio of @entity7 / @entity8 was elevated in LPS-stimulated cells from @entity3 @entity0 only: 2.0 versus 1.3 (P=0.02). In contrast, IgG-induced @entity7 release was significantly elevated only in non- @entity3 @entity0 : 95 ng/10(6)monocytes vs 40 (P=0.014), and the levels correlated positively to those of blood CRP (P=0.02). Though stimulated release of @entity6 was similar between the three groups, the levels were lower in @entity5 @entity0 , and controls (P=0. 05). In conclusion, increased IgG-stimulated @entity7 release and elevated @entity7 / @entity8 ratio may protect against actions of IL-1 in vivo, and decreased release of @entity6 might be related to features of @entity5 .

title: Production of XXXX , @entity7 and @entity6 by blood mononuclear cells in chronic @entity5 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Joint erosion is a prevalent feature of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) but not of many other chronic inflammatory arthritides (non- @entity3 ). Joint destruction is mediated by cytokines, primarily interleukin (IL)-1 and @entity1 @entity2 factor. Less erosive activity in @entity0 with non- @entity3 compared to @entity3 might be related to factors that inhibit production and/or function of IL-1. Release of @entity8 , and the two antagonists, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 from blood mononuclear cells were therefore quantitated by ELISA in 22 @entity0 with @entity3 , 11 with non- @entity3 and 15 healthy age-matched controls. Release of @entity8 was comparable between the three groups but only detectable in cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide; it decreased in @entity0 treated with @entity4 : 3.8 ng/10(6)monocytes (median) vs 11.7 (P=0.045). Release of @entity7 was in all but IgG-stimulated cultures comparable between groups. The ratio of @entity7 / @entity8 was elevated in LPS-stimulated cells from @entity3 @entity0 only: 2.0 versus 1.3 (P=0.02). In contrast, IgG-induced @entity7 release was significantly elevated only in non- @entity3 @entity0 : 95 ng/10(6)monocytes vs 40 (P=0.014), and the levels correlated positively to those of blood CRP (P=0.02). Though stimulated release of @entity6 was similar between the three groups, the levels were lower in @entity5 @entity0 , and controls (P=0. 05). In conclusion, increased IgG-stimulated @entity7 release and elevated @entity7 / @entity8 ratio may protect against actions of IL-1 in vivo, and decreased release of @entity6 might be related to features of @entity5 .

title: Production of @entity8 , @entity7 and @entity6 by blood mononuclear cells in chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Joint erosion is a prevalent feature of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) but not of many other chronic inflammatory arthritides (non- @entity3 ). Joint destruction is mediated by cytokines, primarily interleukin (IL)-1 and @entity1 @entity2 factor. Less erosive activity in @entity0 with non- @entity3 compared to @entity3 might be related to factors that inhibit production and/or function of IL-1. Release of @entity8 , and the two antagonists, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 from blood mononuclear cells were therefore quantitated by ELISA in 22 @entity0 with @entity3 , 11 with non- @entity3 and 15 healthy age-matched controls. Release of @entity8 was comparable between the three groups but only detectable in cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide; it decreased in @entity0 treated with @entity4 : 3.8 ng/10(6)monocytes (median) vs 11.7 (P=0.045). Release of @entity7 was in all but IgG-stimulated cultures comparable between groups. The ratio of @entity7 / @entity8 was elevated in LPS-stimulated cells from @entity3 @entity0 only: 2.0 versus 1.3 (P=0.02). In contrast, IgG-induced @entity7 release was significantly elevated only in non- @entity3 @entity0 : 95 ng/10(6)monocytes vs 40 (P=0.014), and the levels correlated positively to those of blood CRP (P=0.02). Though stimulated release of @entity6 was similar between the three groups, the levels were lower in @entity5 @entity0 , and controls (P=0. 05). In conclusion, increased IgG-stimulated @entity7 release and elevated @entity7 / @entity8 ratio may protect against actions of IL-1 in vivo, and decreased release of @entity6 might be related to features of @entity5 .

title: Production of @entity8 , @entity7 and XXXX by blood mononuclear cells in chronic @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Joint erosion is a prevalent feature of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) but not of many other chronic inflammatory arthritides (non- @entity3 ). Joint destruction is mediated by cytokines, primarily interleukin (IL)-1 and @entity1 @entity2 factor. Less erosive activity in @entity0 with non- @entity3 compared to @entity3 might be related to factors that inhibit production and/or function of IL-1. Release of @entity8 , and the two antagonists, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 from blood mononuclear cells were therefore quantitated by ELISA in 22 @entity0 with @entity3 , 11 with non- @entity3 and 15 healthy age-matched controls. Release of @entity8 was comparable between the three groups but only detectable in cultures stimulated with lipopolysaccharide; it decreased in @entity0 treated with @entity4 : 3.8 ng/10(6)monocytes (median) vs 11.7 (P=0.045). Release of @entity7 was in all but IgG-stimulated cultures comparable between groups. The ratio of @entity7 / @entity8 was elevated in LPS-stimulated cells from @entity3 @entity0 only: 2.0 versus 1.3 (P=0.02). In contrast, IgG-induced @entity7 release was significantly elevated only in non- @entity3 @entity0 : 95 ng/10(6)monocytes vs 40 (P=0.014), and the levels correlated positively to those of blood CRP (P=0.02). Though stimulated release of @entity6 was similar between the three groups, the levels were lower in @entity5 @entity0 , and controls (P=0. 05). In conclusion, increased IgG-stimulated @entity7 release and elevated @entity7 / @entity8 ratio may protect against actions of IL-1 in vivo, and decreased release of @entity6 might be related to features of @entity5 .

title: Production of @entity8 , XXXX and @entity6 by blood mononuclear cells in chronic @entity5 .

answer: @entity7