abstract: BACKGROUND: We prospectively compared the diagnostic accuracies of PET/CT and @entity5 in @entity1 with suspected bone @entity2 from @entity0 . METHODS: This single-institution prospective study included consecutive @entity1 with suspected bone @entity2 from biopsy-proven @entity0 seen at Tokai University Hospital between September 2011 and March 2014. Inclusion criteria included suspicions for bone @entity2 (bone @entity4 , elevated alkaline phosphatase, elevated @entity3 markers, or suspected bone @entity2 by @entity5 ). Two nuclear medicine physicians evaluated PET/CT and @entity5 images. RESULTS: Thirty @entity1 were initially enrolled in this study. Two were excluded from the analyses because they declined to undergo imaging during follow-up. PET/CT successfully detected bone @entity2 in all 10 @entity1 finally diagnosed with the condition, whereas @entity5 identified 2. The two methods were not highly concordant in detecting osseous @entity2 . In 19 of 28 paired studies (68  %), 2 (10  %) were positive for @entity2 , and 17 (90  %) were negative. Nine occurrences (32  %) were discordant; of these, 2 were PET/CT positive and @entity5 negative; 5 were PET/CT positive and @entity5 equivocal; one was PET/CT negative and @entity5 equivocal, and one was PET/CT equivocal and @entity5 negative. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that PET/CT was superior to @entity5 for the diagnosis of bone @entity2 . On the basis of the results of previous studies as well as ours, PET/CT could replace @entity5 as the initial modality to detect bone @entity2 in @entity1 suspected for the condition.

title: Diagnostic performance of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT and bone scintigraphy in @entity0 XXXX with suspected bone @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted this randomized study comparing the activity and @entity2 of @entity6 and @entity1 (PG) and @entity6 and @entity8 (PC) combinations for the treatment of advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Chemotherapy-naive @entity0 were randomized to @entity6 200 mg/m(2) on day 1 plus either @entity8 at an area under the concentration-time curve of 6 on day 1 (group A) or @entity1 1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 (group B) every 3 weeks. A retrospective cost analysis was conducted using Student's t test to compare independent samples between groups. RESULTS: A total of 509 @entity0 (group A, 252 @entity0 ; group B, 257 @entity0 ) were enrolled; all characteristics were well balanced. The median survival time was 10.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.8 to 12 months) for group A and 9.8 months (95% CI, 8.0 to 11.7 months) for group B (P =.32). Respective 1-year survival rates were 41.7% and 41.4%. The response rate for group A was 28.0% (2% complete response [CR], 26% partial response [PR] [95% CI, 22% to 34%]), and the response rate for group B was 35.0% (5% CR, 30% PR) [95% CI, 29% to 41%]) (P =.12). @entity2 was mild. Grades 3/4 @entity7 , @entity4 , and @entity3 for groups A and B were seen in 15% and 15%, 2% and 1%, and 5% and 2%, respectively. The mean total cost (outpatient clinic visits plus chemotherapy drug fee) for group A ( @entity9 ; 7,612.64) versus group B ( @entity9 ; 7,484.77) was not statistically significant (P <.66). CONCLUSION: The PG combination is as equally active and well tolerated as the PC combination in @entity0 with advanced @entity5 .

title: @entity6 plus @entity8 versus @entity1 plus @entity6 in advanced XXXX : a phase III randomized trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted this randomized study comparing the activity and @entity2 of @entity6 and @entity1 (PG) and @entity6 and @entity8 (PC) combinations for the treatment of advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Chemotherapy-naive @entity0 were randomized to @entity6 200 mg/m(2) on day 1 plus either @entity8 at an area under the concentration-time curve of 6 on day 1 (group A) or @entity1 1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 (group B) every 3 weeks. A retrospective cost analysis was conducted using Student's t test to compare independent samples between groups. RESULTS: A total of 509 @entity0 (group A, 252 @entity0 ; group B, 257 @entity0 ) were enrolled; all characteristics were well balanced. The median survival time was 10.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.8 to 12 months) for group A and 9.8 months (95% CI, 8.0 to 11.7 months) for group B (P =.32). Respective 1-year survival rates were 41.7% and 41.4%. The response rate for group A was 28.0% (2% complete response [CR], 26% partial response [PR] [95% CI, 22% to 34%]), and the response rate for group B was 35.0% (5% CR, 30% PR) [95% CI, 29% to 41%]) (P =.12). @entity2 was mild. Grades 3/4 @entity7 , @entity4 , and @entity3 for groups A and B were seen in 15% and 15%, 2% and 1%, and 5% and 2%, respectively. The mean total cost (outpatient clinic visits plus chemotherapy drug fee) for group A ( @entity9 ; 7,612.64) versus group B ( @entity9 ; 7,484.77) was not statistically significant (P <.66). CONCLUSION: The PG combination is as equally active and well tolerated as the PC combination in @entity0 with advanced @entity5 .

title: @entity6 plus XXXX versus @entity1 plus @entity6 in advanced @entity5 : a phase III randomized trial.

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted this randomized study comparing the activity and @entity2 of @entity6 and @entity1 (PG) and @entity6 and @entity8 (PC) combinations for the treatment of advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Chemotherapy-naive @entity0 were randomized to @entity6 200 mg/m(2) on day 1 plus either @entity8 at an area under the concentration-time curve of 6 on day 1 (group A) or @entity1 1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 (group B) every 3 weeks. A retrospective cost analysis was conducted using Student's t test to compare independent samples between groups. RESULTS: A total of 509 @entity0 (group A, 252 @entity0 ; group B, 257 @entity0 ) were enrolled; all characteristics were well balanced. The median survival time was 10.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.8 to 12 months) for group A and 9.8 months (95% CI, 8.0 to 11.7 months) for group B (P =.32). Respective 1-year survival rates were 41.7% and 41.4%. The response rate for group A was 28.0% (2% complete response [CR], 26% partial response [PR] [95% CI, 22% to 34%]), and the response rate for group B was 35.0% (5% CR, 30% PR) [95% CI, 29% to 41%]) (P =.12). @entity2 was mild. Grades 3/4 @entity7 , @entity4 , and @entity3 for groups A and B were seen in 15% and 15%, 2% and 1%, and 5% and 2%, respectively. The mean total cost (outpatient clinic visits plus chemotherapy drug fee) for group A ( @entity9 ; 7,612.64) versus group B ( @entity9 ; 7,484.77) was not statistically significant (P <.66). CONCLUSION: The PG combination is as equally active and well tolerated as the PC combination in @entity0 with advanced @entity5 .

title: XXXX plus @entity8 versus @entity1 plus @entity6 in advanced @entity5 : a phase III randomized trial.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted this randomized study comparing the activity and @entity2 of @entity6 and @entity1 (PG) and @entity6 and @entity8 (PC) combinations for the treatment of advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Chemotherapy-naive @entity0 were randomized to @entity6 200 mg/m(2) on day 1 plus either @entity8 at an area under the concentration-time curve of 6 on day 1 (group A) or @entity1 1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 (group B) every 3 weeks. A retrospective cost analysis was conducted using Student's t test to compare independent samples between groups. RESULTS: A total of 509 @entity0 (group A, 252 @entity0 ; group B, 257 @entity0 ) were enrolled; all characteristics were well balanced. The median survival time was 10.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.8 to 12 months) for group A and 9.8 months (95% CI, 8.0 to 11.7 months) for group B (P =.32). Respective 1-year survival rates were 41.7% and 41.4%. The response rate for group A was 28.0% (2% complete response [CR], 26% partial response [PR] [95% CI, 22% to 34%]), and the response rate for group B was 35.0% (5% CR, 30% PR) [95% CI, 29% to 41%]) (P =.12). @entity2 was mild. Grades 3/4 @entity7 , @entity4 , and @entity3 for groups A and B were seen in 15% and 15%, 2% and 1%, and 5% and 2%, respectively. The mean total cost (outpatient clinic visits plus chemotherapy drug fee) for group A ( @entity9 ; 7,612.64) versus group B ( @entity9 ; 7,484.77) was not statistically significant (P <.66). CONCLUSION: The PG combination is as equally active and well tolerated as the PC combination in @entity0 with advanced @entity5 .

title: @entity6 plus @entity8 versus @entity1 plus XXXX in advanced @entity5 : a phase III randomized trial.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted this randomized study comparing the activity and @entity2 of @entity6 and @entity1 (PG) and @entity6 and @entity8 (PC) combinations for the treatment of advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Chemotherapy-naive @entity0 were randomized to @entity6 200 mg/m(2) on day 1 plus either @entity8 at an area under the concentration-time curve of 6 on day 1 (group A) or @entity1 1,000 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 8 (group B) every 3 weeks. A retrospective cost analysis was conducted using Student's t test to compare independent samples between groups. RESULTS: A total of 509 @entity0 (group A, 252 @entity0 ; group B, 257 @entity0 ) were enrolled; all characteristics were well balanced. The median survival time was 10.4 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.8 to 12 months) for group A and 9.8 months (95% CI, 8.0 to 11.7 months) for group B (P =.32). Respective 1-year survival rates were 41.7% and 41.4%. The response rate for group A was 28.0% (2% complete response [CR], 26% partial response [PR] [95% CI, 22% to 34%]), and the response rate for group B was 35.0% (5% CR, 30% PR) [95% CI, 29% to 41%]) (P =.12). @entity2 was mild. Grades 3/4 @entity7 , @entity4 , and @entity3 for groups A and B were seen in 15% and 15%, 2% and 1%, and 5% and 2%, respectively. The mean total cost (outpatient clinic visits plus chemotherapy drug fee) for group A ( @entity9 ; 7,612.64) versus group B ( @entity9 ; 7,484.77) was not statistically significant (P <.66). CONCLUSION: The PG combination is as equally active and well tolerated as the PC combination in @entity0 with advanced @entity5 .

title: @entity6 plus @entity8 versus XXXX plus @entity6 in advanced @entity5 : a phase III randomized trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine clinical practice guidelines for the use of @entity3 in the prevention and treatment of @entity1 in @entity5 and to determine their respective role relative to other conventional therapies for this condition. METHODS: An expert multidisciplinary Panel reviewed pertinent information from the published literature through January 2002. Values for levels of evidence and grade of recommendation were assigned by expert reviewers and approved by the Panel. Expert consensus was used if there were insufficient published data. The Panel addressed which @entity0 to treat and when to treat them in the course of their disease. Additionally, specific drug delivery issues, duration of therapy, initiation of treatment and management of treatment of @entity1 was reviewed and compared with other forms of therapy for @entity1 . Finally, the Panel discussed @entity0 and physician expectations associated with this therapy for bony metastases, as well as public policy implications related to the use of @entity3 . The guidelines underwent external review by selected physicians, by the Health Services Research Committee members, and by the ASCO Board of Directors. RESULTS: The available evidence involving randomized controlled trials is modest but supports that oral @entity8 , intravenous @entity7 , and intravenous @entity6 are superior to placebo in @entity2 . @entity4 has consistently been seen across all studies. No agent has shown a definitive survival benefit. Intravenous @entity6 has recently been shown to be as effective as intravenous @entity7 . Because there are no direct comparisons between @entity8 and @entity7 or @entity6 , the superiority of one agent cannot be definitively established. However, the panel recommends only intravenous @entity7 or @entity6 in light of the use of the time to first skeletal event as the primary end point and more complete assessment of bony complications in studies evaluating it. Additionally, @entity8 is not available in the United States. The choice between @entity7 and @entity6 will depend on choosing between the higher drug cost of @entity6 , with its shorter, more convenient infusion time (15 minutes), versus the less expensive drug, @entity7 , with its longer infusion time (2 hours). CONCLUSION: @entity3 provide a meaningful supportive benefit to @entity5 @entity0 with @entity1 . However, further research on @entity3 is warranted, including the following: (1) when to start and stop therapy, (2) how to integrate their use with other treatments for @entity1 , (3) how to evaluate their role in @entity5 @entity0 without lytic bone involvement, (4) how to distinguish between symptomatic and asymptomatic bony events, and (5) how to better determine their cost-benefit consequence.

title: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guidelines: the role of XXXX in @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine clinical practice guidelines for the use of @entity3 in the prevention and treatment of @entity1 in @entity5 and to determine their respective role relative to other conventional therapies for this condition. METHODS: An expert multidisciplinary Panel reviewed pertinent information from the published literature through January 2002. Values for levels of evidence and grade of recommendation were assigned by expert reviewers and approved by the Panel. Expert consensus was used if there were insufficient published data. The Panel addressed which @entity0 to treat and when to treat them in the course of their disease. Additionally, specific drug delivery issues, duration of therapy, initiation of treatment and management of treatment of @entity1 was reviewed and compared with other forms of therapy for @entity1 . Finally, the Panel discussed @entity0 and physician expectations associated with this therapy for bony metastases, as well as public policy implications related to the use of @entity3 . The guidelines underwent external review by selected physicians, by the Health Services Research Committee members, and by the ASCO Board of Directors. RESULTS: The available evidence involving randomized controlled trials is modest but supports that oral @entity8 , intravenous @entity7 , and intravenous @entity6 are superior to placebo in @entity2 . @entity4 has consistently been seen across all studies. No agent has shown a definitive survival benefit. Intravenous @entity6 has recently been shown to be as effective as intravenous @entity7 . Because there are no direct comparisons between @entity8 and @entity7 or @entity6 , the superiority of one agent cannot be definitively established. However, the panel recommends only intravenous @entity7 or @entity6 in light of the use of the time to first skeletal event as the primary end point and more complete assessment of bony complications in studies evaluating it. Additionally, @entity8 is not available in the United States. The choice between @entity7 and @entity6 will depend on choosing between the higher drug cost of @entity6 , with its shorter, more convenient infusion time (15 minutes), versus the less expensive drug, @entity7 , with its longer infusion time (2 hours). CONCLUSION: @entity3 provide a meaningful supportive benefit to @entity5 @entity0 with @entity1 . However, further research on @entity3 is warranted, including the following: (1) when to start and stop therapy, (2) how to integrate their use with other treatments for @entity1 , (3) how to evaluate their role in @entity5 @entity0 without lytic bone involvement, (4) how to distinguish between symptomatic and asymptomatic bony events, and (5) how to better determine their cost-benefit consequence.

title: American Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guidelines: the role of @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the increasing availability of nonpharmacological treatment options for @entity6 , drug therapy targeted at restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm, or aimed at symptomatic ventricular rate control remains the mainstay of therapy for the majority of @entity0 . METHOD: Available data suggest that these two treatment approaches yield similar responder rates with regard to symptomatic improvement. RESULTS: Detailed results from major prospective studies investigating the prognostic effects of different @entity6 treatment modalities are expected to become available soon. At present, however, the choice of the primary treatment strategy, i.e. rate control or rhythm control, still remains upon the clinical decision and expertise of the treating physician. Cardioversion by means of external biphasic shock delivery has shown to effectively convert @entity6 to sinus rhythm in more than 90% of @entity0 . Pharmacological cardioversion, in contrast, has a far lower success rate and may be followed by severe complications mandating in-hospital administration with the majority of drug regimens. For the maintenance of sinus rhythm, the proarrhythmic side effects of Class I antiarrhythmic drugs currently limit their use to those @entity0 without any structural @entity2 . Clinical investigation of newer "pure" Class III drugs have shown to excite considerable prolongation of ventricular repolarization duration resulting in a significant risk for torsade-de-pointes @entity4 . Betablockers are beneficial in many clinical situations associated with the occurrence of @entity6 , such as @entity5 , @entity1 and @entity3 . These substances, however, do not seem to improve cardioversion rates and their effect in maintaining sinus rhythm is only moderate. @entity0 with structural @entity2 in whom maintenance of sinus rhythm is strongly desired, therefore, are left to @entity7 therapy. The cardiac safety profile as well as the proven effectiveness are unsurpassed by any other available drug at present. This paper reviews major studies published during the last decade implementing recent guidelines regarding pharmacological rate control, cardioversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm and the approach towards @entity0 suffering from @entity6 .

title: [Pharmacological therapy of XXXX and atrial flutter].

answer: @entity6


abstract: A group of plant AtSH3Ps ( @entity2 SH3-containing proteins) involved in trafficking of clathrin-coated vesicles was identified from the GenBank database. These proteins contained predicted coiled-coil and Src homology 3 (SH3) domains that are similar to animal and @entity0 proteins involved in the formation, fission, and uncoating of clathrin-coated vesicles. Subcellular fractionation and immunolocalization studies confirmed the presence of AtSH3P1 in the endomembrane system. In particular, AtSH3P1 was localized on or adjacent to the plasma membrane and its associated vesicles, vesicles of the trans-Golgi network, and the partially coated reticulum. At all of these locations, AtSH3P1 colocalized with clathrin. Functionally, in vitro lipid binding assay demonstrated that AtSH3P1 bound to specific lipid groups known to accumulate at @entity1 or coated vesicles. In addition, immunohistochemical studies and actin binding assays indicated that AtSH3P1 also may regulate vesicle trafficking along the actin cytoskeleton. @entity0 complementation studies suggested that AtSH3Ps have similar functions to the @entity0 @entity4 protein involved in endocytosis and actin arrangement. A novel interaction between AtSH3P1 and an auxilin-like protein was identified by yeast two-hybrid screening, immunolocalization, and an in vitro binding assay. The interaction was mediated through the SH3 domain of AtSH3P1 and a @entity3 -rich domain of auxilin. The auxilin-like protein stimulated the uncoating of clathrin-coated vesicles by Hsc70, a reaction that appeared to be inhibited in the presence of AtSH3P1. Hence, AtSH3P1 may perform regulatory and/or scaffolding roles during the transition of fission and the uncoating of clathrin-coated vesicles.

title: Role of SH3 domain-containing proteins in clathrin-mediated vesicle trafficking in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: As the genomes of @entity0 species become sequenced and gene functions are ascribed, the use of differential gene expression (DGE) to evaluate organ function will become common in the experimental evaluation of new drug therapies. The ability to translate this technology into useful information for @entity0 exposures depends on tissue sampling that is impractical or generally not possible in @entity0 . The possibility that the DGE of nucleated cells, reticulocytes, or platelets in blood may present the necessary link with target organ @entity2 provides an opportunity to correlate preclinical with clinical outcomes. @entity5 is highly effective alone and more frequently in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of a variety of susceptible @entity1 . @entity5 -induced @entity3 was examined as an endpoint to measure the utility of DOE on whole blood as a predictor of @entity6 . Statistically significant gene changes were observed between relevant blood and cardiac gene profiles that corroborated the accepted mechanisms of @entity2 (oxidative stress, effects on @entity7 transport, DNA intercalation). There were, however, clear indications that other target organs (bone marrow and intestinal tract) were affected. The divergent expression of some genes between the blood and the heart on day 7 may also indicate the timing and mechanism of development of the @entity3 and confirm current therapeutic approaches for its prevention. The data demonstrate that whole blood gene expression particularly in relation to oxidative stress, in conjunction with standard hematology and clinical chemistry, may be useful in monitoring and predicting @entity4 secondary to @entity5 administration. Appendices A _ B, referenced in this paper, are not printed in this issue of Toxicologic Pathology. They are available as downloadable text files at http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal_issn=0192-6233. To access them, click on the issue link for 30(4), then select this article. A download option appears at the bottom of this abstract. In order to access the full article online, you must either have an individual subscription or a member subscription accessed through www.toxpath.org.

title: Correlation of simultaneous differential gene expression in the blood and heart with known mechanisms of @entity5 -induced XXXX in the rat.

answer: @entity3


abstract: As the genomes of @entity0 species become sequenced and gene functions are ascribed, the use of differential gene expression (DGE) to evaluate organ function will become common in the experimental evaluation of new drug therapies. The ability to translate this technology into useful information for @entity0 exposures depends on tissue sampling that is impractical or generally not possible in @entity0 . The possibility that the DGE of nucleated cells, reticulocytes, or platelets in blood may present the necessary link with target organ @entity2 provides an opportunity to correlate preclinical with clinical outcomes. @entity5 is highly effective alone and more frequently in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents in the treatment of a variety of susceptible @entity1 . @entity5 -induced @entity3 was examined as an endpoint to measure the utility of DOE on whole blood as a predictor of @entity6 . Statistically significant gene changes were observed between relevant blood and cardiac gene profiles that corroborated the accepted mechanisms of @entity2 (oxidative stress, effects on @entity7 transport, DNA intercalation). There were, however, clear indications that other target organs (bone marrow and intestinal tract) were affected. The divergent expression of some genes between the blood and the heart on day 7 may also indicate the timing and mechanism of development of the @entity3 and confirm current therapeutic approaches for its prevention. The data demonstrate that whole blood gene expression particularly in relation to oxidative stress, in conjunction with standard hematology and clinical chemistry, may be useful in monitoring and predicting @entity4 secondary to @entity5 administration. Appendices A _ B, referenced in this paper, are not printed in this issue of Toxicologic Pathology. They are available as downloadable text files at http://taylorandfrancis.metapress.com/openurl.asp?genre=journal_issn=0192-6233. To access them, click on the issue link for 30(4), then select this article. A download option appears at the bottom of this abstract. In order to access the full article online, you must either have an individual subscription or a member subscription accessed through www.toxpath.org.

title: Correlation of simultaneous differential gene expression in the blood and heart with known mechanisms of XXXX -induced @entity3 in the rat.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Acquired @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is uncommon, but serious mechanical complication of acute @entity3 with poor outcome and high mortality rate in surgically or medically treated @entity0 . CASE REPORT: We report a 58-year-old male @entity0 admitted to our hospital six days following acute @entity3 complicated by @entity6 with signs of @entity4 . Coronary angiography revealed @entity1 , with proximally occluded dominant right coronary artery. Transthoracic echo exam revealed @entity2 of a very thin inferior septum and the basal portion of the inferior left ventricular wall, with septal wall rupture. One of the @entity5 dimensions was 15 mm and left- to right shunt was calculated 2:1. Since the @entity0 was at too high risk for surgical closure, transcatheter closure of @entity5 was chosen as a better option. Under short intravenous sedation, 24 mm Am- platzer device was implanted percutaneously with transesophageal echo guidance. The post-procedural result revealed a small residual shunt, but it was followed by significant improvement of the @entity0 's clinical status. A 24h Holter ECG monitoring did not show cardiac rhythm or conduction disturbances. Coronary angiography was repeated ten days following the procedure, after hemodynamic stabilization of the @entity0 , with direct stenting of the circumflex artery and the intermediate artery. Ostial left descending artery lesion was left for further functional significance assessment. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous closure with a septal occluder device can be definitive primary treatment for anatomically suitable @entity0 or it can serve as a bridge to surgical treatment.

title: Challenges in treatment of postinfarction @entity5 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Acquired @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is uncommon, but serious mechanical complication of acute @entity3 with poor outcome and high mortality rate in surgically or medically treated @entity0 . CASE REPORT: We report a 58-year-old male @entity0 admitted to our hospital six days following acute @entity3 complicated by @entity6 with signs of @entity4 . Coronary angiography revealed @entity1 , with proximally occluded dominant right coronary artery. Transthoracic echo exam revealed @entity2 of a very thin inferior septum and the basal portion of the inferior left ventricular wall, with septal wall rupture. One of the @entity5 dimensions was 15 mm and left- to right shunt was calculated 2:1. Since the @entity0 was at too high risk for surgical closure, transcatheter closure of @entity5 was chosen as a better option. Under short intravenous sedation, 24 mm Am- platzer device was implanted percutaneously with transesophageal echo guidance. The post-procedural result revealed a small residual shunt, but it was followed by significant improvement of the @entity0 's clinical status. A 24h Holter ECG monitoring did not show cardiac rhythm or conduction disturbances. Coronary angiography was repeated ten days following the procedure, after hemodynamic stabilization of the @entity0 , with direct stenting of the circumflex artery and the intermediate artery. Ostial left descending artery lesion was left for further functional significance assessment. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous closure with a septal occluder device can be definitive primary treatment for anatomically suitable @entity0 or it can serve as a bridge to surgical treatment.

title: Challenges in treatment of postinfarction XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: LIGHT (the name of which is derived from "homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, competes with herpes simplex virus @entity4 for herpes simplex virus entry mediator, and expressed by T lymphocytes"), is a member of the @entity1 necrosis factor superfamily that is involved in various inflammatory diseases. OBJECTIVES: To assess serum LIGHT levels in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) before and after treatment and compare it with controls. To correlate serum LIGHT with the severity scoring of @entity3 (SCORAD) index. Another objective is to compare LIGHT levels between lesional skin in @entity0 with @entity3 and controls. METHODS: Twenty @entity0 with @entity3 and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum LIGHT levels were examined using an enzyme immunoassay technique. Serum total IgE levels, absolute eosinophil count, and eosinophil percentage were also done for both @entity0 and controls. The SCORAD index was done for every @entity0 before and after treatment. Skin LIGHT levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and compared with control skin. RESULTS: Serum LIGHT levels in @entity0 with @entity3 were significantly higher than that of healthy controls and correlated positively with SCORAD index. LIGHT concentrations decreased as the symptoms were improved by treatment. A significant correlation was found on comparing the LIGHT serum levels and other established markers of disease severity. LIGHT levels in lesional skin in these @entity0 were markedly higher than LIGHT levels in normal skin. CONCLUSION: LIGHT may play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity3 . This may presumably have possible future implications on the treatment of this @entity2 .

title: Role of the XXXX necrosis factor family member LIGHT in the pathogenesis of @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: LIGHT (the name of which is derived from "homologous to lymphotoxins, exhibits inducible expression, competes with herpes simplex virus @entity4 for herpes simplex virus entry mediator, and expressed by T lymphocytes"), is a member of the @entity1 necrosis factor superfamily that is involved in various inflammatory diseases. OBJECTIVES: To assess serum LIGHT levels in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) before and after treatment and compare it with controls. To correlate serum LIGHT with the severity scoring of @entity3 (SCORAD) index. Another objective is to compare LIGHT levels between lesional skin in @entity0 with @entity3 and controls. METHODS: Twenty @entity0 with @entity3 and 20 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Serum LIGHT levels were examined using an enzyme immunoassay technique. Serum total IgE levels, absolute eosinophil count, and eosinophil percentage were also done for both @entity0 and controls. The SCORAD index was done for every @entity0 before and after treatment. Skin LIGHT levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit and compared with control skin. RESULTS: Serum LIGHT levels in @entity0 with @entity3 were significantly higher than that of healthy controls and correlated positively with SCORAD index. LIGHT concentrations decreased as the symptoms were improved by treatment. A significant correlation was found on comparing the LIGHT serum levels and other established markers of disease severity. LIGHT levels in lesional skin in these @entity0 were markedly higher than LIGHT levels in normal skin. CONCLUSION: LIGHT may play an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity3 . This may presumably have possible future implications on the treatment of this @entity2 .

title: Role of the @entity1 necrosis factor family member LIGHT in the pathogenesis of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) imaging has shown to be a valuable imaging modality in the assessment of intra-axial @entity4 ; however, no data are available about the role of this technique in the clinically important postoperative stage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic potential of FLAIR MR imaging in @entity3 after surgical resection of @entity2 . Fifteen @entity0 with residual @entity2 were examined within the first 18 days after partial surgical resection of @entity2 . The imaging protocol included T1-weighted spin echo, T2- and proton-density-weighted fast spin echo, and FLAIR imaging with identical slice parameters. T1 and FLAIR were repeated after contrast media application. Detection and delineation of @entity3 were the primary parameters of the image analysis. Additionally, the influence of image artifacts on the image interpretation was assessed. On FLAIR images residual signal abnormalities at the border of the resection cavities were observed in all @entity0 , whereas T2- and T1-weighted images present residual abnormalities in 13 of 15 and 10 of 15 @entity0 , respectively. The FLAIR imaging was found to be superior to conventional imaging sequences in the delineation of these changes and comparable to contrast enhanced T1-weighted imaging in the delineation of residual enhancing lesions. Because of protein cell components and blood byproducts within the resection cavity, FLAIR imaging was unable to suppress the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 4 @entity0 . After the decomposition of proteins and blood, CSF could again be completely suppressed and residual or recurrent @entity1 were clearly identified. Our preliminary study has shown that FLAIR may be a valuable diagnostic modality in the early postoperative MR imaging after resection of @entity2 due to its better delineation of residual pathologic signal at the border of the resection cavity. It should therefore be integrated into the early and/or intraoperative MR imaging protocol.

title: Postoperative fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MR imaging of XXXX : initial results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of @entity1 on radio-frequency (RF) lesion size and on potential associated biliary and portal lesions. Radio-frequency lesions using a 1-cm exposed-tip cooled electrode were created in @entity4 liver. Liver perfusion was modified by arterial @entity3 (n=2), left portal clamping (n=2), and both (n=2). Two @entity4 were used as controls. Two weeks after, control portography was performed, animals were killed, and ex-vivo cholangiography was carried out. Pathological studies evaluated the lesion surface and associated portal and biliary damages. A mathematical regression model showed that portal occlusion increased by 43 mm2 (+40%) the surface of @entity0 , @entity1 by 135 mm2 (+126%), and associated occlusion by 466 mm2 (+435%). Biliary stenoses were found in 4 cases (two @entity1 , one portal occlusion, and one associated occlusion). One case of partial portal vein @entity2 was found in one case of portal occlusion and resolved at 2 weeks. Ischemic damages adjacent to @entity0 were found in cases of combined occlusions. The reduction of liver perfusion increases significantly the size of @entity0 but is associated with a risk of biliary, portal, or parenchymal complications.

title: Radio-frequency tissue ablation of the liver: effects of XXXX on lesion diameter and biliary and portal damages in a @entity4 model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of @entity1 on radio-frequency (RF) lesion size and on potential associated biliary and portal lesions. Radio-frequency lesions using a 1-cm exposed-tip cooled electrode were created in @entity4 liver. Liver perfusion was modified by arterial @entity3 (n=2), left portal clamping (n=2), and both (n=2). Two @entity4 were used as controls. Two weeks after, control portography was performed, animals were killed, and ex-vivo cholangiography was carried out. Pathological studies evaluated the lesion surface and associated portal and biliary damages. A mathematical regression model showed that portal occlusion increased by 43 mm2 (+40%) the surface of @entity0 , @entity1 by 135 mm2 (+126%), and associated occlusion by 466 mm2 (+435%). Biliary stenoses were found in 4 cases (two @entity1 , one portal occlusion, and one associated occlusion). One case of partial portal vein @entity2 was found in one case of portal occlusion and resolved at 2 weeks. Ischemic damages adjacent to @entity0 were found in cases of combined occlusions. The reduction of liver perfusion increases significantly the size of @entity0 but is associated with a risk of biliary, portal, or parenchymal complications.

title: Radio-frequency tissue ablation of the liver: effects of @entity1 on lesion diameter and biliary and portal damages in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The importance of a collaborative approach to @entity0 care in improving safety and outcomes has been highlighted by medical regulatory organisations. The World Health Organization has advocated that future health care professionals should be 'collaborative practice ready', and there is a global drive to incorporate interprofessional learning into health education. Interprofessional learning promotes the development of effective teamworking skills and improves the understanding of roles in the multidisciplinary team. This article outlines the development of a practice-based interprofessional learning initiative on a @entity1 unit. The World Health Organization has advocated that future health care professionals should be 'collaborative practice ready' METHODS: A half-day seminar was developed by King's College London in conjunction with an interprofessional clinical team from the @entity1 Unit at St Thomas' Hospital. Students were assigned discipline-specific supervisors who allocated them to care for a @entity0 within the confines of their usual professional role. They were asked to present the @entity0 to a mixed-discipline group of students within the seminar from the perspective of their individual disciplines. This was followed by supervisor-led group discussions concerning the care of the @entity0 and interprofessional working. RESULTS: Sixty-seven students from different disciplines participated in nine seminars over a 2-year period. Thematic analysis of @entity0 ' comments revealed an improvement in the students' awareness of: the varying roles and responsibilities of professionals; how differing disciplines share functions; and the importance of effective communication. All students stated that they would recommend the seminar to other students. DISCUSSION: Effective interprofessional learning programmes are imperative to promote collaborative practice amongst health care professionals. @entity1 units are ideal learning environments for practice-based interprofessional education.

title: Interprofessional learning on a XXXX unit.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The beneficial effect of platelet transfusion on haemostasis is well established, but there is emerging evidence that platelet transfusion induces an inflammatory response in vascular endothelial cells. BACKGROUND: We investigated haemostatic function and endothelial biomarkers before and after platelet transfusion in @entity0 with @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood was sampled before, 1 and 24   h after platelet transfusion. Primary and secondary haemostasis was evaluated by whole blood aggregometry (Multiplate) and thromboelastography (TEG). Endothelial biomarkers (sICAM-1, @entity3 , sThrombomodulin, sVE-Cadherin) and platelet activation biomarkers (sCD40L, TGF-beta) were investigated along with haematology/biochemistry analyses. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity0 were included. Despite continued low platelet counts, platelet transfusion normalised the median values of most TEG parameters and slightly increased @entity1 (all P   <   0  05). Endothelial biomarkers were not significantly affected by transfusion. The 1   h sCD40L level correlated positively with @entity3 and soluble thrombomodulin delta values, biomarkers of endothelial damage (both P   =   0  005). CONCLUSION: Platelet transfusion improved haemostasis, whereas post-transfusion increases in sCD40L were associated with endothelial damage, indicating that transfused platelets and platelet-derived pro-inflammatory mediators may have opposite effects on the endothelium.

title: Haemostatic function and biomarkers of endothelial damage before and after platelet transfusion in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The beneficial effect of platelet transfusion on haemostasis is well established, but there is emerging evidence that platelet transfusion induces an inflammatory response in vascular endothelial cells. BACKGROUND: We investigated haemostatic function and endothelial biomarkers before and after platelet transfusion in @entity0 with @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood was sampled before, 1 and 24   h after platelet transfusion. Primary and secondary haemostasis was evaluated by whole blood aggregometry (Multiplate) and thromboelastography (TEG). Endothelial biomarkers (sICAM-1, @entity3 , sThrombomodulin, sVE-Cadherin) and platelet activation biomarkers (sCD40L, TGF-beta) were investigated along with haematology/biochemistry analyses. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity0 were included. Despite continued low platelet counts, platelet transfusion normalised the median values of most TEG parameters and slightly increased @entity1 (all P   <   0  05). Endothelial biomarkers were not significantly affected by transfusion. The 1   h sCD40L level correlated positively with @entity3 and soluble thrombomodulin delta values, biomarkers of endothelial damage (both P   =   0  005). CONCLUSION: Platelet transfusion improved haemostasis, whereas post-transfusion increases in sCD40L were associated with endothelial damage, indicating that transfused platelets and platelet-derived pro-inflammatory mediators may have opposite effects on the endothelium.

title: Haemostatic function and biomarkers of endothelial damage before and after platelet transfusion in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A model is proposed which is based on the assumption that acne is due to @entity3 of functionally blocked pilosebaceous follicles by propionibacteria. @entity2 , which are first visible during the adrenarche in acne-prone individuals, do not contain propionibacteria. Comedogenesis appears to be independent of @entity5 and may be driven by high levels of bioactive interleukin-1 alpha derived from ductal hyperkeratinocytes. The stimulus which triggers interleukin-1 alpha production is unknown. @entity4 killed @entity6 failed to stimulate production of the cytokine by cultured @entity0 keratinocytes in vitro. @entity2 are thought to arise from microcomedones, but the initiating events are unknown. Evidence that propionibacteria are involved in the generation of inflammatory lesions is inconclusive. The cellular infiltrate is consistent with a type IV @entity1 response to one or more persistent lesional antigens, not necessarily bacterial. The potent adjuvant activity of @entity6 would up-regulate the immune response to any antigen which came into contact with the mononuclear cell infiltrate. Antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of acne, and their effects in selecting a predominantly resistant commensal population are well recognized. Although they reduce numbers of propionibacteria on the skin, other modes of action may contribute to or explain their therapeutic efficacy. At a time when there is global concern that antibiotic resistance rates in common bacterial pathogens may threaten our future ability to control @entity5 , practices which promote the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria must be fully justified. A thorough reappraisal of the role of propionibacteria in acne is overdue. It is likely that further experimental work is needed to confirm or refute that @entity6 is aptly named.

title: Is acne an XXXX of blocked pilosebaceous follicles? Implications for antimicrobial treatment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic @entity4 is a common condition with a major impact on health-related quality of life, work productivity and health care utilisation. The cause of the @entity2 is not always obvious as no pathology is seen in 40-60% of the cases. In the absence of pathology there is no established treatment. The @entity3 and parasympathetic ganglia in the uterosacral ligaments carry @entity2 from the uterus, cervix and other pelvic structures. Interruption of these nerve trunks by laparoscopic uterosacral nerve ablation (LUNA) may alleviate @entity2 . However, the balance of benefits and risks of this intervention have not been reliably assessed. LUNA has, nevertheless, been introduced into practice, although there remains controversy regarding indications for LUNA. Hence, there is an urgent need for a randomised controlled trial to confirm, or refute, any worthwhile effectiveness. The principal hypothesis is that, in @entity0 with chronic @entity4 in whom diagnostic laparoscopy reveals either no pathology or mild @entity1 (AFS score </= 5) LUNA alleviates @entity2 and improves life quality at 12 months. METHODS/DESIGN: The principal objective is to test the hypothesis that in @entity0 with chronic @entity4 in whom diagnostic laparoscopy reveals either no pathology or mild @entity1 (AFS score </= 5) LUNA alleviates @entity2 and improves life quality at 12 months. A multi-centre, prospective, randomised-controlled-trial will be carried out with blind assessment of outcomes in eligible consenting @entity0 randomised at diagnostic laparoscopy to LUNA (experimental group) or to no pelvic denervation (control group). Postal questionnaires including visual analogue scale for @entity2 (primary outcome), an index of sexual satisfaction and the EuroQoL 5D-EQ instrument (secondary outcomes) will be administered at 3, 6 and 12 months. The primary assessment of the effectiveness of LUNA will be from comparison of outcomes at the one-year follow-up, although the medium-term and longer-term risks and benefits of LUNA will also be evaluated.The sample size for this trial has been estimated as 420 @entity0 in total using the hypothesis that LUNA will alleviate @entity2 symptoms (i.e. reduce @entity2 scores on a VAS) more than no intervention at one-year following diagnostic laparoscopy and taking into consideration 20% loss to follow-up. The intention to treat analysis to address the principal research questions will be conducted using the one-year follow-up data.

title: A randomised controlled trial to assess the efficacy of Laparoscopic Uterosacral Nerve Ablation (LUNA) in the treatment of chronic XXXX : The trial protocol [ISRCTN41196151].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report on the long-term follow-up, clinically and serologically, of 98 @entity0 with @entity1 treated with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) over a 12 year period, focusing on the duration of the depletion. METHODS: A retrospective review of clinical and serological features of all @entity1 @entity0 treated with @entity2 from January 2000 until December 2012 in the Centre for Rheumatology, University College London Hospital. Clinical activity was assessed by the classic BILAG score at baseline and 6 and 12 months after the treatment. RESULTS: The period of depletion is extremely variable between @entity0 and within the same @entity0 on different occasions. The @entity0 were divided into two groups according to the duration of depletion and a defined threshold of 12 months was utilized. The group with longer duration of depletion was associated with a better outcome, with a decrease in BILAG score at 6 and 12 months. This group was also associated with @entity3 present at any time during the course of the @entity0 's disease. No other clinical or serological feature was associated with longer duration of @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Cycles of @entity2 that induce longer duration of @entity2 are associated with better outcome. @entity3 may help to predict longer duration of the depletion and better outcome, although the mechanism is unclear.

title: Longer duration of XXXX is associated with better outcome.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Evidence for abnormal brain function as measured with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and @entity1 have been observed in inter-episode @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 . We aimed to create a joint statistical model of white matter integrity and functional response measures in explaining differences in working memory and processing speed among @entity3 @entity0 . Medicated inter-episode @entity3 (n=26; age=45.2  10.1 years) and healthy comparison (HC; n=36; age=46.3  11.5 years) @entity0 completed 51-direction DTI and fMRI while performing a working memory task. @entity0 also completed a processing speed test. Tract-based spatial statistics identified common white matter tracts where fractional anisotropy was calculated from atlas-defined regions of interest. Brain responses within regions of interest activation clusters were also calculated. Least angle regression was used to fuse fMRI and DTI data to select the best joint neuroimaging predictors of cognitive performance for each group. While there was overlap between groups in which regions were most related to cognitive performance, some relationships differed between groups. For working memory accuracy, @entity3 -specific predictors included bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex from fMRI, splenium of the corpus callosum, left uncinate fasciculus, and bilateral superior longitudinal fasciculi from DTI. For processing speed, the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum and right superior @entity4 from DTI were significant predictors of cognitive performance selectively for @entity3 @entity0 . @entity3 @entity0 demonstrated unique brain-cognition relationships compared to HC. These findings are a first step in discovering how interactions of structural and functional @entity2 contribute to @entity1 in @entity3 . (JINS, 2015, 21, 330-341).

title: Fusing Functional MRI and Diffusion Tensor Imaging Measures of Brain Function and Structure to Predict Working Memory and Processing Speed Performance among Inter-episode Bipolar XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: @entity0 are potentially malignant and are associated with a higher risk of @entity0 . DESIGN: Retrospective review of all pathological reports containing @entity0 (1983-2000) and review of selected specimens. SETTING: Tertiary, referral, university-affiliated medical center. @entity1 : Ninety-five @entity1 with a breast specimen containing a @entity5 or @entity5 . @entity1 with overt @entity6 without @entity5 were excluded. INTERVENTION: All histopathological characteristics of the @entity5 and the surrounding tissue were noted. The incidence of malignant and other proliferative histopathological findings were analyzed, comparing solitary @entity4 cases to @entity5 cases. The Fisher exact test and chi2 test were applied for statistical analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Surgical @entity4 should include margins wide enough to secure removal of any proliferative tissue within or around the @entity5 and to enable thorough evaluation of the risk for future @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity5 were associated with @entity0 in 7 @entity1 (10%) in this series. An additional 9% (n = 6) presented with invasive or noninvasive @entity3 . @entity5 was noted in 6% of @entity1 (n = 4). The risk of associated @entity2 was not significantly different between solitary @entity4 and @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Increased risk of @entity0 is associated with all forms of @entity5 .

title: Are solitary XXXX entirely benign?

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of more than 12 months of oral @entity1 therapy in reducing recurrences of @entity2 . METHODS: We retrospectively compared @entity2 recurrence in 2 groups of @entity0 . In group 1, @entity0 used oral @entity1 for at least 12 months and then discontinued the treatment. In group 2, @entity0 received the treatment for at least 18 months. We compared recurrences when both groups were using @entity1 (period 1) and when only group 2 was receiving the drug ( @entity3 ). Statistical analysis was performed with the t test, chi2 test, and Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Group 1 had 18 @entity0 and a mean +/- SD follow-up of 45.2 +/- 22.2 months. Group 2 had 22 @entity0 and a mean +/- SD follow-up of 42.4 +/- 30.2 months. Six @entity0 (33%) in group 1 and 4 @entity0 (18%) in group 2 had recurrence in period 1 (P =.3). In @entity3 , 14 @entity0 (78%) in group 1 and 8 @entity0 (36%) in group 2 had recurrence (P =.01). Mean +/- SD recurrence-free survival in @entity3 was 15.3 +/- 5.5 months in group 1 and 37.3 +/- 6.3 months in group 2 (P =.001). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term oral @entity1 use seems to remain effective in decreasing the number of @entity2 recurrences beyond 12 months.

title: Long-term XXXX use to prevent recurrent ocular herpes simplex virus infection.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. Plasma concentrations of endothelin are increased in @entity0 with @entity4 as well as in @entity0 with liver @entity1 . However, the impact of these findings remains uncertain. 2. We thus analyzed the endothelin system in a @entity3 @entity5 model ( @entity7 7777) in vitro and in vivo. 3. Our study revealed that tissue concentrations of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and big- @entity6 , the precursor of @entity6 , were significantly elevated in @entity7 7777 as compared to normal liver. The ETA receptor density was significantly elevated, whereas the density of the ETB receptor was @entity7 7777. 4. We could also demonstrate that @entity5 cells secrete @entity6 . 5. Exogenously added @entity6 enhances @entity5 cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Endothelin receptor antagonists (ETA and combined ETA/ETB receptor antagonists) inhibit @entity2 cell growth in vitro. Since the combined ETA/ETB receptor antagonist was more effective in vitro, we used this compound also for in vivo studies and could demonstrate that a combined ETA/ETB receptor antagonist is able to reduce @entity5 growth in vivo. 6. In conclusion, the endothelin system is activated in @entity7 7777 and contributes to @entity5 growth. Since endothelin receptor antagonists are well-tolerated upcoming clinically used drugs without major side effects, our data might provide a new pharmacological approach to reduce @entity5 growth in vivo.

title: The endothelin system in XXXX -7777: an endothelin receptor antagonist inhibits growth in vitro and in vivo.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE To use whole genome sequencing to describe the likely origin of an outbreak of @entity2 in a neonatal unit. DESIGN Outbreak investigation. SETTING The neonatal intensive care unit service of a major obstetric tertiary referral center. @entity0 @entity0 admitted to the neonatal unit who developed @entity2 colonization or @entity1 . METHODS We undertook whole genome sequencing of @entity2 strains isolated from colonized @entity0 and from the neonatal unit environment. RESULTS Eighteen @entity0 were colonized with @entity2 . Isolates from 12 @entity0 and 7 environmental samples were sequenced. All but one of the clinical isolates clustered in ST253 and no differences were detected between unmapped reads. The environmental isolates revealed a variety of sequence types, indicating a large diverse bioburden within the unit, which was subsequently confirmed via enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus         polymerase chain reaction typing of post-outbreak isolates. One environmental isolate, obtained from a sink in the unit, clustered within ST253 and differed from the outbreak strain by 9 single-nucleotide polymorphisms only. This information allowed us to focus @entity1 control activities on this sink. CONCLUSIONS Whole genome sequencing can provide detailed information in a clinically relevant time frame to aid management of outbreaks in critical @entity0 management areas. The superior discriminatory power of this method makes it a powerful tool in @entity1 control. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0):1         7.

title: Whole Genome Sequencing in Real-Time Investigation and Management of a XXXX Outbreak on a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the expression of @entity5 and the localization of @entity2 and @entity4 during the early stages of corneal wound healing in @entity0 . METHODS. One eye each of 30 adult @entity0 was treated with excimer laser keratectomy; the other eye was untreated. Frozen sections of corneas obtained 6, 18, and 24 hours and 3 and 7 days after wounding were used to perform immunoconfocal microscopy and in situ hybridization. RESULTS: @entity1 was immunolocalized to the basement membrane zone and superficial stroma, and its mRNA was exclusively localized to basal epithelial cells migrating across the wound at 18 and 24 hours and 3 days after wounding. @entity2 was also immunolocalized to the basement membrane zone and superficial stroma at the same time points. @entity3 was immunolocalized to the epithelium and stroma of normal corneas and was predominant in the basal epithelium and superficial stroma at 3 and 7 days after wounding. In situ hybridization confirmed @entity3 expression by the epithelial cells and the stromal keratocytes. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 was immunolocalized to the epithelium in normal and wounded corneas. Intense @entity4 labeling of the basement membrane zone was noted 3 days after wounding. CONCLUSIONS: Unlike @entity3 , @entity1 is expressed exclusively by migrating basal epithelial cells after wounding. The matrix metalloproteinase-tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (MMP)/ @entity2 systems may play an important role in the early stages of corneal wound healing after excimer laser keratectomy.

title: Expression of XXXX , and TIMPs 1 and 2 during corneal wound healing.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domain of the type II IL-1 decoy receptor ( @entity7 ) generates soluble IL-1-binding proteins that prevent excessive bioactivity by binding free IL-1. In this study we report that an @entity2 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ), is required for @entity7 shedding. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate an association between endogenous membrane-associated @entity4 and a 47-kDa @entity7 , consistent with ectodomain cleavage of the membrane-bound receptor. A direct correlation exists between @entity4 protein expression and @entity7 shedding, as cell lines overexpressing @entity4 have increased @entity7 shedding and decreased membrane-associated @entity7 . Basal @entity7 shedding is absent from @entity4 knockout cell lines, demonstrating that @entity4 is required for constitutive @entity7 shedding. Similarly, @entity3 -mediated @entity7 shedding is almost entirely @entity4 -dependent. @entity4 expression also enhances @entity1 -induced @entity7 shedding. @entity4 did not alter levels of membrane-associated IL-1RI or @entity5 antagonist release from @entity4 cell lines, which suggests that the ability of @entity4 to promote shedding of @entity5 family members may be specific for @entity7 . Further, increased @entity7 shedding by @entity4 -overexpressing cells attenuates the biological activity of @entity0 . We conclude that the ability of @entity4 to enhance @entity7 shedding represents a new mechanism by which IL-1-induced cellular events can be modulated. As @entity4 also promotes the shedding of the structurally unrelated 55-kDa, type I TNF receptor and the @entity6 , we propose that @entity4 may play an important role in regulating innate immune and inflammatory responses by increasing cytokine receptor shedding.

title: Shedding of the type II IL-1 decoy receptor requires a multifunctional XXXX , @entity2 regulator of TNF receptor type 1 shedding.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Proteolytic cleavage of the extracellular domain of the type II IL-1 decoy receptor ( @entity7 ) generates soluble IL-1-binding proteins that prevent excessive bioactivity by binding free IL-1. In this study we report that an @entity2 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ), is required for @entity7 shedding. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate an association between endogenous membrane-associated @entity4 and a 47-kDa @entity7 , consistent with ectodomain cleavage of the membrane-bound receptor. A direct correlation exists between @entity4 protein expression and @entity7 shedding, as cell lines overexpressing @entity4 have increased @entity7 shedding and decreased membrane-associated @entity7 . Basal @entity7 shedding is absent from @entity4 knockout cell lines, demonstrating that @entity4 is required for constitutive @entity7 shedding. Similarly, @entity3 -mediated @entity7 shedding is almost entirely @entity4 -dependent. @entity4 expression also enhances @entity1 -induced @entity7 shedding. @entity4 did not alter levels of membrane-associated IL-1RI or @entity5 antagonist release from @entity4 cell lines, which suggests that the ability of @entity4 to promote shedding of @entity5 family members may be specific for @entity7 . Further, increased @entity7 shedding by @entity4 -overexpressing cells attenuates the biological activity of @entity0 . We conclude that the ability of @entity4 to enhance @entity7 shedding represents a new mechanism by which IL-1-induced cellular events can be modulated. As @entity4 also promotes the shedding of the structurally unrelated 55-kDa, type I TNF receptor and the @entity6 , we propose that @entity4 may play an important role in regulating innate immune and inflammatory responses by increasing cytokine receptor shedding.

title: Shedding of the type II IL-1 decoy receptor requires a multifunctional @entity2 , XXXX regulator of TNF receptor type 1 shedding.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OPINION STATEMENT: The addition of targeted therapy to a 5-FU chemotherapy backbone is now a standard of care in metastatic @entity2 . @entity3 ( @entity3 ) inhibitors have been demonstrated to improve progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in the first line for @entity0 with @entity1 that do not harbor @entity4 exon 2 mutations. Eligibility criteria for most clinical trials involving @entity3 inhibitors in recent years have used the absence of @entity4 exon 2 mutation as the sole criteria for entry, as this specific mutation has been consistently shown to be predictive of a poor response to @entity3 inhibitors. However, expanded analyses of first-line metastatic trials reveal that other RAS mutations, such as other @entity4 mutations in exons 3 and 4, along with @entity5 mutations, are predictive of poor responses to @entity3 inhibitors as well. Testing for a full panel of these RAS mutations should be done prior to initiating treatment with an @entity3 inhibitor. Further clinical trials are required to determine the predictive impact of each of these individual mutations. To date, they have been analyzed in the aggregate. The addition of targeted therapy, bevacizumab or an @entity3 inhibitor, to a chemotherapy backbone should be considered for all appropriate @entity0 . The relevant clinical trials that evaluated @entity0 without any RAS mutation and compared an @entity3 inhibitor to chemotherapy alone show a distinct advantage in overall survival and progression-free survival to the groups that received @entity3 inhibition. The largest trial that compared bevacizumab with an @entity3 inhibitor in the first line, CALGB/SWOG 80405, did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups, making the use of bevacizumab, cetuximab, or panitumumab reasonable in the first line.

title: RAS Mutations Beyond XXXX Exon 2: A Review and Discussion of Clinical Trial Data.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the reliability of strength testing techniques among centers investigating @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: The authors compared test reliability in manual muscle testing ( @entity1 ) and maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) scores among institutions and test validity by comparing change over time between @entity1 and MVIC. The authors examined 63 subjects at 3-month intervals for 12 months. At enrollment and at 6 months, two physical therapists each examined the subjects twice. @entity1 scores were calculated as modifications of the Medical Research Council scale. MVIC scores were generated as standardized megascores. Intraclass correlation coefficients and coefficients of variation compared reproducibility, and Pearson correlation coefficients compared change over time. The power of each measure to detect disease progression over time was assessed by estimating coefficients of variation for the average change. RESULTS: Reproducibility between MVIC and @entity1 was equivalent. Sensitivity to detect progressive weakness and power to detect this change, however, favored @entity1 , an effect largely accounted for by the number of muscles sampled. CONCLUSIONS: In multicentered trials, uniformly trained physical therapists reproducibly and accurately measure strength by both @entity1 and MVIC. The authors found @entity1 to be the preferred measure of global strength because of its better Pearson correlation coefficients, essentially equivalent reproducibility, and more favorable coefficient of variation.

title: A comparison of muscle strength testing techniques in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Several cytokines and growth factors modulate angiogenesis through a fine tuned paracrine or autocrine mode of action. Among them is plateled-derived endothelial cell growth factor ( @entity2 ), which is highly is expressed in @entity0 , and is angiogenic by stimulation of endothelial cell migration. Studies have shown that @entity2 is identical to the well known enzyme @entity1 phosphorylase (TP), which is involved in @entity1 metabolism and homeostasis. Interestingly, @entity2 plays an angiogenic role as a result of its TP enzyme activity. In light of these findings, @entity2 /TP should not be considered a true growth factor, and its @entity2 name is now actually a misnomer. Recently, TP activity was thought of as an interesting potential two-face target for controling @entity0 -dependent angiogenesis. In fact, on one hand, its high levels of expression in @entity0 compared to non-neoplastic regions, and its broad substrate specificity suggested that TP could be used as an enzymatic tool to locally activate anticancer @entity3 bases or base analogs. On the other hand, its enzyme-dependent angiogenic activity engendered the search for specific inhibitors to reduce TP-dependent angiogenesis. This review will describe TP, its activity, its possible mechanisms of action and its role in angiogenesis. Particular attention will be focused on the design and biological characterization of novel TP inhibitors which recently showed promising anticancer activity.

title: XXXX phosphorylase: a two-face Janus in anticancer chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 is a localized form of @entity4 in which only the extra-ocular muscles are clinically affected, namely the levator palpebrae superioris and orbicularis oculi. Two years after onset of the @entity5 , it became generalized in 44-53% of the @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: 1. To describe the clinical features, diagnostic characteristics and clinical course of seven @entity0 who fulfilled the criteria for diagnosis of @entity4 and in whom the condition did not become generalized: 2. Review recent papers on this. Material and methods. We studied seven @entity0 (two @entity0 and two @entity0 ) diagnosed as having @entity4 , and followed them up for at least three years. RESULTS: The average age was 56.5. The clinical findings were of ptosis of the eyelids and @entity3 . All seven @entity0 were treated with @entity6 . In six cases prednisone was also given and in one @entity0 thymectomy was done. There was a satisfactory result in all cases. CONCLUSIONS: The basic treatment of @entity4 is with anticholinesterases and @entity2 . Occasionally other immunosuppressives may be required. @entity1 seems to reduce the number of @entity0 who go on to develop the generalized form.

title: [ XXXX : clinical course and strategies for treatment].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In an animal model, we tested the hypothesis that intracerebral, extracellular @entity4 (NE) influences cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the presence of @entity6 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: A microdialysis (MD) probe was implanted into the cortices of @entity2 3 months after the creation of extracranial arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs; n = 19), carotid ligation (n = 10), and cervical vessel preparation (sham operations; n = 8). Ipsilateral regional cortical @entity1 saturation (microspectrophotometry) and regional cerebral blood flow (laser Doppler flowmetry) were scanned with simultaneous MD sampling for NE (high-performance liquid chromatography). Local CBF and cortical capillary @entity1 saturation (SO2) were recorded continuously with serial MD sampling after @entity3 for 100 minutes. The scanning protocol was repeated after 120 minutes. Values were compared by analysis of variance and Duncan's test (P < 0.05; values expressed as mean +/- standard deviation). RESULTS: NE was highest in sham-operated animals and lowest after carotid ligation as compared with before and after the creation of the AVFs (sham operations, 5.9 +/- 2.3 nmol/L; common carotid artery ligation, 2.4 +/- 1 nmol/L; before creation of AVF, 4.1 +/- 1.9 nmol/L; after creation of AVF, 4.1 +/- 2.3 nmol/L). Regional cortical @entity1 saturation differed significantly between all groups; regional cerebral blood flow was lower only in sham-operated animals (sham operations, 210 +/- 75 laser Doppler units [LDU], 71 +/- 13% SO2; common carotid artery ligation, 250 +/- 82 LDU, 62 +/- 19% SO2; before creation of AVF, 249 +/- 96 LDU, 65 +/- 14% SO2; after creation of AVF, 256 +/- 82 LDU, 74 +/- 10% SO2). After @entity3 , a sustained CBF increase for 100 minutes up to 40% above baseline (i.e., regional cerebral blood flow and regional cortical @entity1 saturation before occlusion) was observed. SO2 increased to 16% after 120 minutes. Peaks of NE concentrations occurred 40 minutes and 100 minutes after @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The model seems to be valid for the simulation of events that occur before and after the obliteration of @entity0 cerebral @entity5 in most cases, but not in those prone to hyperperfusion syndromes. The results provide evidence that cerebral sympathetic nervous system activity can be monitored by in vivo MD and that NE may play a role in CBF control before and after the obliteration of AVFs.

title: XXXX in the @entity2 cortex before and after occlusion of chronic arteriovenous fistulae: a microdialysis study in an animal model of @entity6 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In an animal model, we tested the hypothesis that intracerebral, extracellular @entity4 (NE) influences cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the presence of @entity6 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: A microdialysis (MD) probe was implanted into the cortices of @entity2 3 months after the creation of extracranial arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs; n = 19), carotid ligation (n = 10), and cervical vessel preparation (sham operations; n = 8). Ipsilateral regional cortical @entity1 saturation (microspectrophotometry) and regional cerebral blood flow (laser Doppler flowmetry) were scanned with simultaneous MD sampling for NE (high-performance liquid chromatography). Local CBF and cortical capillary @entity1 saturation (SO2) were recorded continuously with serial MD sampling after @entity3 for 100 minutes. The scanning protocol was repeated after 120 minutes. Values were compared by analysis of variance and Duncan's test (P < 0.05; values expressed as mean +/- standard deviation). RESULTS: NE was highest in sham-operated animals and lowest after carotid ligation as compared with before and after the creation of the AVFs (sham operations, 5.9 +/- 2.3 nmol/L; common carotid artery ligation, 2.4 +/- 1 nmol/L; before creation of AVF, 4.1 +/- 1.9 nmol/L; after creation of AVF, 4.1 +/- 2.3 nmol/L). Regional cortical @entity1 saturation differed significantly between all groups; regional cerebral blood flow was lower only in sham-operated animals (sham operations, 210 +/- 75 laser Doppler units [LDU], 71 +/- 13% SO2; common carotid artery ligation, 250 +/- 82 LDU, 62 +/- 19% SO2; before creation of AVF, 249 +/- 96 LDU, 65 +/- 14% SO2; after creation of AVF, 256 +/- 82 LDU, 74 +/- 10% SO2). After @entity3 , a sustained CBF increase for 100 minutes up to 40% above baseline (i.e., regional cerebral blood flow and regional cortical @entity1 saturation before occlusion) was observed. SO2 increased to 16% after 120 minutes. Peaks of NE concentrations occurred 40 minutes and 100 minutes after @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The model seems to be valid for the simulation of events that occur before and after the obliteration of @entity0 cerebral @entity5 in most cases, but not in those prone to hyperperfusion syndromes. The results provide evidence that cerebral sympathetic nervous system activity can be monitored by in vivo MD and that NE may play a role in CBF control before and after the obliteration of AVFs.

title: @entity4 in the @entity2 cortex before and after occlusion of chronic arteriovenous fistulae: a microdialysis study in an animal model of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In an animal model, we tested the hypothesis that intracerebral, extracellular @entity4 (NE) influences cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the presence of @entity6 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: A microdialysis (MD) probe was implanted into the cortices of @entity2 3 months after the creation of extracranial arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs; n = 19), carotid ligation (n = 10), and cervical vessel preparation (sham operations; n = 8). Ipsilateral regional cortical @entity1 saturation (microspectrophotometry) and regional cerebral blood flow (laser Doppler flowmetry) were scanned with simultaneous MD sampling for NE (high-performance liquid chromatography). Local CBF and cortical capillary @entity1 saturation (SO2) were recorded continuously with serial MD sampling after @entity3 for 100 minutes. The scanning protocol was repeated after 120 minutes. Values were compared by analysis of variance and Duncan's test (P < 0.05; values expressed as mean +/- standard deviation). RESULTS: NE was highest in sham-operated animals and lowest after carotid ligation as compared with before and after the creation of the AVFs (sham operations, 5.9 +/- 2.3 nmol/L; common carotid artery ligation, 2.4 +/- 1 nmol/L; before creation of AVF, 4.1 +/- 1.9 nmol/L; after creation of AVF, 4.1 +/- 2.3 nmol/L). Regional cortical @entity1 saturation differed significantly between all groups; regional cerebral blood flow was lower only in sham-operated animals (sham operations, 210 +/- 75 laser Doppler units [LDU], 71 +/- 13% SO2; common carotid artery ligation, 250 +/- 82 LDU, 62 +/- 19% SO2; before creation of AVF, 249 +/- 96 LDU, 65 +/- 14% SO2; after creation of AVF, 256 +/- 82 LDU, 74 +/- 10% SO2). After @entity3 , a sustained CBF increase for 100 minutes up to 40% above baseline (i.e., regional cerebral blood flow and regional cortical @entity1 saturation before occlusion) was observed. SO2 increased to 16% after 120 minutes. Peaks of NE concentrations occurred 40 minutes and 100 minutes after @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The model seems to be valid for the simulation of events that occur before and after the obliteration of @entity0 cerebral @entity5 in most cases, but not in those prone to hyperperfusion syndromes. The results provide evidence that cerebral sympathetic nervous system activity can be monitored by in vivo MD and that NE may play a role in CBF control before and after the obliteration of AVFs.

title: @entity4 in the XXXX cortex before and after occlusion of chronic arteriovenous fistulae: a microdialysis study in an animal model of @entity6 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A study about the frequency of respiratory and @entity1 in childhood was carried out in Rome, during the 2000-2001 school year. This survey represents the Italian contribution to the second phase of the International Study on Asthma and @entity4 in Childhood (ISAAC Phase Two). A properly filled in ISAAC Phase II questionnaire was returned by parents of 1,760 @entity0 attending the fifth grade in primary school (83.5% of the target). Prick tests were performed to provide an objective measure of atopy, defined as skin reactivity to one or more allergens. The presence of visible @entity6 was determined through skin examination. Lifetime prevalence for @entity3 , @entity7 and @entity2 was 12.4%, 13.2% and 15.1%, respectively. Period prevalence in the last 12 months was 7.0% for attacks of wheezing or whistling in the chest, 9.1% for @entity8 symptoms, and 9.5% for @entity6 . A total of 1.6% of the @entity0 under examination had a visible @entity6 . Of the @entity0 who performed prick test, 31.8% was skin positive at least to one of the adopted allergens. An international comparison with the results of other ISAAC Phase Two studies (conducted in Albania, Germany, Hong Kong, UK and Sweden) has shown that Rome and Hong Kong were the areas with the highest prevalence rate for atopy, but had comparatively low proportions of @entity5 subjects. This inconsistency suggests that factors other than atopy could be responsible for the geographic epidemiological distribution of @entity3 .

title: [Asthma and XXXX in childhood in Rome: Italian contribution to the ISAAC II].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The opening of the new Malpensa 2000 Airport worried @entity0 living in the neighbouring towns about possible effects of acoustic and air pollution on health status. For this reason, Varese Health Unit set up a study involving housewives and General Practitioners. This study has been carried out in 3 Areas: A Area, bordering the airport, B Area, at intermediate distance, and C Area, at long distance. On the whole, 932 housewives (18 to 64 years old) and 92 General Practitioners, were involved. The questionnaire, distributed to housewives between @entity7 st and November 30th 2000, was filled out in the doctor's surgery who furthermore added clinical data. Chi-square statistics were calculated to test the association between living area and personal data, behavioural and environmental characteristics, and @entity1 . To describe possible interrelationships between living Area and the answers supplied by housewives and General Practitioners the multiple correspondence multivariate analysis technique was applied. The housewives living next to the airport (A area) frequently report insomnia, nocturnal waking, @entity2 and @entity4 . The multivariate analysis has shown a relationship between recently increasing noise noted by the housewives, and the area where they live, as well as a noticeable coherence between the answers given by the housewives and those given by the General Practitioners, who reported higher frequencies of cephalgy, @entity5 , @entity2 , medical consultation, @entity6 's and sleeping @entity1 in A Area compared to C Area. The airport's presence seems to be associated with the onset of @entity3 in neighbouring population. Some of these disorders, in particular neuropsychological ones, are clinically confirmed by General Practitioners, and are consistent with different noise exposure levels.

title: [Epidemiologic study Salus domestica: evaluation of health damage in a sample of XXXX living near the Malpensa 2000 airport].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The establishment of "best clinical practices" founded upon evidence-based medicine has become an increasingly important priority. Frequently, management guidelines are derived from published research data and disseminated among practitioners to help optimize @entity0 care. The ultimate clinical impact of these guidelines in the "real world," however, is often clouded by an incomplete assessment of @entity0 outcomes throughout the continuum of health-care delivery models. In order to address this gap in clinical outcome assessment, we propose to establish the Connecticut Cardiovascular Consortium. The Consortium will consist of a collaborative partnership among all 31 Connecticut hospitals working in concert with Connecticut Office of Health Care Access (OHCA). The primary objective of the Consortium will be to assess, compare, and optimize clinical outcomes among Connecticut residents with @entity1 . As an initial goal for the Consortium, we further propose to undertake a prospective, observational study of Connecticut residents who present with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Recent advances in pharmacologic and mechanical reperfusion for @entity2 have resulted in a need to define the optimal use of these therapies in the community at large. The primary purpose of this study will be to determine the relative merits of different treatment patterns for @entity2 with regard to the use of fibrinolytic therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Particular emphasis will be placed on assessing the relative benefits of urgent mechanical revascularization performed at the state's seven tertiary facilities with PCI capability compared to all other treatment modalities. Successful completion of this unique collaborative endeavor is expected to have significant impact on improved @entity0 care and on current health-care policy for medical resource allocation. Moreover, continued collaboration of health-care providers within the Connecticut Cardiovascular Consortium infrastructure should serve as a useful mechanism for ongoing improvements in evidence-based cardiovascular medicine and clinical research in the state of Connecticut.

title: The Connecticut Cardiovascular Consortium: a unique, state-wide research collaboration to advance clinical outcomes in XXXX with heart disease.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) share genetic and environmental risk factors. Little is known about the temporal stability of these etiological factors in adulthood. METHOD: DSM-IV criteria for @entity1 and @entity0 were assessed using structured interviews in 2282 Norwegian twins in early adulthood and again approximately 10 years later. Longitudinal biometric models were used to analyze the number of endorsed criteria. RESULTS: The mean criterion count for @entity1 and @entity0 decreased 40% and 28%, respectively, from early to middle adulthood. Rank-order stability was 0.58 for @entity1 and 0.45 for @entity0 . The best-fitting longitudinal twin model included only genetic and individual-specific environmental factors. Genetic effects, both those shared by @entity1 and @entity0 , and those specific to each disorder remained completely stable. The unique environmental effects, however, changed substantially, with a correlation across time of 0.19 for the shared effects, and 0.39 and 0.15, respectively, for those specific to @entity1 and @entity0 . Genetic effects accounted for 71% and 72% of the stability over time for @entity1 and @entity0 , respectively. The genetic and environmental correlations between @entity1 and @entity0 were 0.73, and 0.43, respectively, at both time points. CONCLUSION: @entity1 and @entity0 traits were moderately stable from early to middle adulthood, mostly due to genetic risk factors which did not change over the 10-year assessment period. Environmental risk factors were mostly transient, and appear to be the main source of phenotypic change. Genetic liability factors were, to a large extent, shared by @entity1 and @entity0 .

title: A longitudinal twin study of borderline and XXXX traits in early to middle adulthood.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to investigate the evidence for positive predictive value ( @entity8 ) of alarm symptoms and combinations of symptoms for @entity4 , @entity0 and @entity2 in general practice. METHODS: This study is based on a literature search performed in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane database and at ClinicalTrials.gov in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The main outcome measure used was @entity8 . RESULTS: A total of 16 eligible studies were identified. The intervals in the brackets refer to the variation of the results in the studies. @entity4 : The @entity8 of " @entity7 " was high for @entity1 > 60 years (6.6-21.2%), but much lower in younger age groups. For "change in bowel habits" and "significant general symptoms", the @entity8 was 3.5-8.5%. @entity0 : "Palpable suspected @entity3 " was well supported (8.1-24%). No studies on the predictive value of "pitting of the skin", "papil-areola eczema/ulceration" and "suspect axillary lymph nodes" were found. @entity6 : One study showed a high @entity8 for positive rectal examination (12%). The value for "lower urinary tract symptoms" was low (1.0-3.0%). @entity8 for " @entity5 " and "haemospermia" were not found. @entity2 : For "haemoptysis" the @entity8 increased from 8.4 in @entity1 aged 55 years to 20.4 at the age of > 85 years. @entity8 for "cough", " @entity9 " were low (0.4-1.1%). Using a new algorithm that estimates the @entity8 of combinations of symptoms and risk factors, a higher @entity8 may be achieved. CONCLUSION: A few of the alarm symptoms show a high @entity8 , whereas the @entity8 for some symptoms currently remains unknown. To improve the GPs' diagnostic judgment, a new algorithm for calculating the @entity8 for combinations of symptoms and risk factors seems promising.

title: Predictive value of the official XXXX in general practice - a systematic review.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present our experience with four @entity2 treated by surgical excision and review the current literature. @entity2 are rare, benign @entity1 and infrequently present to the urologist. METHODS: From 1997 through 2002, the charts of 164 @entity0 with a diagnosis of benign retroperitoneal soft tissue mass were reviewed. Of those, four had a pathologic diagnosis of @entity2 . RESULTS: Three of the 4 @entity0 were @entity0 , with a median age of 54 years (range 46 to 80). The average @entity1 size was 13.7 cm (range 8.8 to 20). All @entity0 underwent magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, or ultrasonography, and 3 of the 4 @entity0 underwent a computed tomography-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (all were either inaccurate or inconclusive). All @entity0 underwent complete @entity1 excision with free margins of resection and tolerated surgery without any complications. None of the @entity0 have had any evidence of recurrence at a mean follow-up of 26 months (range 10 to 48). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 are difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Computed tomography-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy does not appear to provide an accurate preoperative diagnosis. The surgical approach should focus on complete excision of the mass. @entity0 undergoing complete surgical resection tend to do well without evidence of early recurrence.

title: XXXX : a case series and review of the literature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the oncologic adequacy of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy in @entity0 with pathologic Stage @entity3 , we analyzed the long-term results in those treated with laparoscopy and those undergoing open surgery. METHODS: The @entity2 of 263 @entity0 was confirmed to be Stage T1 by pathologic examination of the radical nephrectomy specimen between January 1992 and June 2002. Of the 263 @entity0 , 195 were treated laparoscopically and the remaining 68 by open surgery. The @entity0 follow-up lasted until July 31, 2002. RESULTS: The follow-up period of the laparoscopy group was 2 to 121 months (median 40). A total of 183 @entity0 survived, 5 died of @entity2 , 7 died without any recurrent disease, and 7 were lost to follow-up. Seeding of the port sites did not develop in any of the @entity0 . Ten @entity0 had metastatic or recurrent disease within 3 to 110 months, and 5 of these @entity0 died of @entity1 within 12 to 86 months. The 5-year disease-free and @entity0 survival rate was 91%, and 94%, respectively. The 68 @entity0 who underwent open surgery were followed up for 11 to 126 months (median 65). Of the 68 @entity0 , 56 survived without any recurrent disease, 4 survived with metastasis, 6 died of metastatic disease within 8 to 49 months, and 6 were lost to follow-up. The 5-year disease-free and @entity0 survival rate was 87% and 94%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is an alternative technique with comparable oncologic results to open nephrectomy in @entity0 with localized pathologic Stage @entity3 .

title: Long-term outcome of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for pathologic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A successful initial bladder closure is critical to the development of adequate bladder capacity and ultimate continence among @entity0 with @entity1 . Although secure pelvic fixation is essential to success, the various methods of pelvic and extremity immobilization and their impact on surgical outcome have not previously been examined. METHODS: A review of the approved @entity1 database at our institution identified 194 @entity0 for whom data were available regarding initial bladder closure and the method of pelvic immobilization. The records were reviewed with respect to age at bladder closure, use/type of osteotomy, method of pelvic immobilization, complications related to the immobilization technique, and surgical outcome. RESULTS: Of 194 @entity0 identified, initial exstrophy closure failed in 86. Of these 86 @entity0 , the initial closure failed in 80 at another hospital who were referred to our institution for additional treatment. Of the 114 initially closed at this institution, 6 failed. The success rates for initial and second closures were highest after osteotomy (75% versus 38% and 81.5% versus 27%, respectively), and when the @entity0 were immobilized with an external fixator and 6 to 8 weeks of modified Buck's traction with osteotomy (96%) or 4 to 6 weeks of modified Bryant's traction without osteotomy (61%). The spica cast and "mummy wrapping" immobilization techniques were less effective and were associated with significant complications. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that a successful exstrophy bladder closure depends on the proper use of the osteotomy and effective postoperative immobilization of the pelvis. Our best outcomes have been achieved using lower extremity traction (with or without external fixation of the pelvis).

title: Pelvic and extremity immobilization after XXXX closure: complications and impact on success.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 in @entity0 after surgical intervention for @entity3 has been attributed to failure of the pulmonary endothelium to provide adequate vasodilation. Although we have shown that the impaired vasodilatory component attributable to the @entity5 - @entity6 pathway is almost completely reversible, a nonrestorable component persists, implying an additional vasoconstrictive mechanism in @entity4 . In this study of @entity0 after surgical intervention for @entity3 , we measured @entity7 levels and used @entity8 , a selective endothelin-A receptor antagonist, together with inhaled @entity6 to discriminate dysfunctional pulmonary endothelial vasodilation from endothelin-mediated pulmonary vasoconstriction. METHODS: All @entity0 were examined early after surgical intervention in the intensive care unit. Pulmonary vascular resistance (with respiratory mass spectrometry), as well as arterial and venous @entity7 levels (measured by means of a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), were determined in 7 @entity0 (age range, 3.3-13.7 months; median age, 6.3 months) with intracardiac shunting defects at baseline and during ventilation with a fraction of inspired @entity1 of 0.65, with additional @entity8 (0.1 mg/kg infused over 20 minutes), and with inhaled @entity6 (20 ppm). RESULTS: Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased from 7.7 +/- 3.4 at baseline to 6.1 +/- 2.8 Woods units. m(-2) (P =.022) at a fraction of inspired @entity1 of 0.65 and to 4.7 +/- 2.7 Woods units. m(-2) (P =.013) during @entity8 infusion. Inhaled @entity6 had no further effect on pulmonary vascular resistance. Left atrial @entity7 levels (1.35-5.12 pg/mL; mean, 2.4 pg/mL) correlated significantly with the decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance in response to @entity8 infusion (r(2) = 0.89, P =.003). CONCLUSION: Postoperative elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance in @entity0 after surgical intervention for @entity3 is responsive to endothelin-A blockade with @entity8 . Increased levels of @entity7 predict the response to this therapy, which might become an important addition to the clinical armamentarium in @entity2 .

title: The endothelin antagonist @entity8 reduces pulmonary vascular resistance after surgical intervention for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 in @entity0 after surgical intervention for @entity3 has been attributed to failure of the pulmonary endothelium to provide adequate vasodilation. Although we have shown that the impaired vasodilatory component attributable to the @entity5 - @entity6 pathway is almost completely reversible, a nonrestorable component persists, implying an additional vasoconstrictive mechanism in @entity4 . In this study of @entity0 after surgical intervention for @entity3 , we measured @entity7 levels and used @entity8 , a selective endothelin-A receptor antagonist, together with inhaled @entity6 to discriminate dysfunctional pulmonary endothelial vasodilation from endothelin-mediated pulmonary vasoconstriction. METHODS: All @entity0 were examined early after surgical intervention in the intensive care unit. Pulmonary vascular resistance (with respiratory mass spectrometry), as well as arterial and venous @entity7 levels (measured by means of a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), were determined in 7 @entity0 (age range, 3.3-13.7 months; median age, 6.3 months) with intracardiac shunting defects at baseline and during ventilation with a fraction of inspired @entity1 of 0.65, with additional @entity8 (0.1 mg/kg infused over 20 minutes), and with inhaled @entity6 (20 ppm). RESULTS: Pulmonary vascular resistance decreased from 7.7 +/- 3.4 at baseline to 6.1 +/- 2.8 Woods units. m(-2) (P =.022) at a fraction of inspired @entity1 of 0.65 and to 4.7 +/- 2.7 Woods units. m(-2) (P =.013) during @entity8 infusion. Inhaled @entity6 had no further effect on pulmonary vascular resistance. Left atrial @entity7 levels (1.35-5.12 pg/mL; mean, 2.4 pg/mL) correlated significantly with the decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance in response to @entity8 infusion (r(2) = 0.89, P =.003). CONCLUSION: Postoperative elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance in @entity0 after surgical intervention for @entity3 is responsive to endothelin-A blockade with @entity8 . Increased levels of @entity7 predict the response to this therapy, which might become an important addition to the clinical armamentarium in @entity2 .

title: The endothelin antagonist XXXX reduces pulmonary vascular resistance after surgical intervention for @entity3 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: In this paper, we briefly review the relation between @entity1 and @entity2 ( @entity2 ), an association that has been recognized for more than a century. In particular we focus on @entity2 as predictor and prognostic factor for @entity1 and the antineoplastic potential of antithrombotic treatment. @entity1 may cause disturbances in the haemostatic system by numerous mechanisms that can lead to an increased risk of @entity2 . @entity0 with known @entity1 are at increased risk of @entity2 ; however, @entity2 may also be a predictor of subsequent @entity1 in the years afterwards. Furthermore, @entity1 @entity0 with @entity2 are more likely to have @entity3 and a worse prognosis than @entity1 @entity0 without a @entity2 episode. These findings may have implications for the clinical care of @entity0 with @entity2 in terms of screening for @entity1 . However, extensive @entity1 screening programs are not recommended in general for @entity0 with @entity2 . A wide range of antithrombotic drugs including heparin, oral anticoagulants, and platelet inhibitors have been examined in order to study the effect on the prevention and treatment of various @entity1 . These efforts have resulted in a considerable amount of useful data from animal models and a number of promising reports from retrospective analyses and small-scale trials linking antithrombotic treatment with an increased survival in @entity1 @entity0 and even a lower risk of primary @entity1 . However, the clinical implications of these findings must await properly designed and conducted randomized clinical trials.

title: XXXX : a multidisciplinary approach.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined the feasibility and effectiveness of bronchial arterial infusion (BAI) as induction chemotherapy before surgery for locally advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: Eighteen @entity0 with locally advanced @entity5 were given BAI consisting of @entity4 (CDDP) (50-100 mg/m(2)) as induction chemotherapy before surgery (induction BAI). Six @entity0 with clinical stage IIIA @entity1 had bulky N2 metastatic lymph nodes, and 12 @entity0 with clinical stage IIIB @entity1 had @entity2 . RESULTS: Of the 18 @entity0 , 12 (67%) showed a partial response to the BAI therapy. Standard pulmonary resection was performed in 5 @entity0 , pulmonary resection with the combined resection of adjacent organs was performed in 10 @entity0 , and pulmonary resection with carinal resection and reconstruction was performed in 3 @entity0 . Complete resection was possible in 14 @entity0 (78%). There were no serious BAI therapy-related complications or @entity3 . The 5-year survival rate of the 18 @entity0 was 35.7% and the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was 19.4 months. Survival was better when complete resection was achieved after the induction BAI, especially in @entity0 with stage IIIB (T4) disease. CONCLUSION: Based on our preliminary findings, BAI with CDDP as induction chemotherapy is feasible and may be an effective therapeutic modality for locally advanced @entity5 .

title: Feasibility of induction chemotherapy using bronchial arterial infusion for locally advanced XXXX : a pilot study.

answer: @entity5