abstract: This review is based on results from our laboratory and those published by others, and is focused on the early stages of pathogenesis that can be studied mostly in animals. @entity9 is analysed on the examples of @entity7 - and @entity2 -induced lesions. @entity7 (50-100%) rapidly penetrates the mucosa, causes directly and/or indirectly (e.g., release of vasoactive products) endothelial damage in superficial and deep capillaries and venules. The @entity8 results in increased vascular permeability and decrease in blood flow leading to complete circulatory standstill in superficial capillaries 1-2 min after intragastric administration of concentrated @entity7 . The direct chemical damage to surface mucosal epithelium is then followed by @entity4 and @entity5 in 1-5 min (erosion or @entity6 ). Unionized @entity2 initiates a similar and complex yet slower progressing and less extensive erosion than @entity3 . @entity16 and @entity6 produced by @entity15 , @entity14 or @entity13 are preceded by excess acid in the proximal duodenum. This could be due to increased gastric acid output (1-4 hr), decreased @entity11 secretion or duodenal @entity12 (0.5-8 hr) preventing the proper mix of acid and base in duodenal bulb. @entity1 and desquamation of absorptive cells in duodenal villi are evident 2-4 hr, followed by villus amputation (4-8 hr), erosion and @entity6 (8-24 hr). The pathogenesis of @entity10 can thus be reconstructed from results obtained with animal models and from @entity0 studies. The results should serve as a basis to design protective drugs that are active on the basis of pathogenetic events.

title: Mechanisms of XXXX in the stomach and duodenum: time-sequence analysis of morphologic, functional, biochemical and histochemical studies.

answer: @entity10


abstract: Medical ulcer therapy focuses on enhancing mucosal defence mechanisms or reducing intraluminal acidity. In this Swedish multicenter, randomized double-blind study these two principles were compared in the treatment of acute duodenal @entity1 . @entity4 (Andapsin 1g X 4) or @entity2 (Tagamet 400mg X 2), together with antacid tablets (Novalucol), were supplied to @entity0 with acute @entity1 in the pyloric ring or duodenal bulb. Endoscopy was performed at inclusion, after four weeks and in some @entity0 also after eight weeks. Besides healing rate, symptoms and antacid intake, smoking and side effects were recorded on a special protocol. 371 @entity0 from 15 centers completed the trial. At inclusion the @entity0 groups did not differ in any essential aspect. At four weeks 71% of 177 @entity0 on @entity4 and 77% of 194 on @entity2 were healed. The corresponding figures for eight weeks were 86% (suc) and 92% (cim). The difference is not significant, the 95% confidence interval for the difference in @entity1 efficacy of @entity4 compared with @entity2 at eight weeks was -12% to +5%. Antacid intake and symptoms decreased rapidly and equally in both groups. Side effects related to the treatments were uncommon. It is concluded that @entity4 and @entity2 , representing two different principles in medical ulcer treatment, are both very effective and compare well in the short term treatment of @entity3 .

title: Treatment of XXXX --a Swedish multicenter study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Thoracotomy causes severe @entity2 , which is difficult to manage since the use of systemic analgesics often causes @entity4 . Cryoanalgesia of the intercostal nerves has been advocated as an effective means of local analgesia without serious side effects. A prospective randomised blind trial to investigate the efficacy of the technique was carried out. A total of 53 @entity0 undergoing thoracotomy were allocated to either the trial or a control group. At thoracotomy the surgeon was informed of the @entity0 's trial allocation. The trial group received one minute of direct cryotherapy to at least five intercostal nerves related to the incision. All @entity0 received @entity3 via the lumbar epidural route in a dose calculated according to their weight. A linear analogue assessment of @entity2 was made by the @entity0 as soon as they were sufficiently awake. An independent record of all postoperative analgesia was kept. After discharge from hospital further assessments were made at least six weeks after operation. Statistical analysis of the scores of @entity2 and analgesic consumption showed that there was no significant difference between the trial and the control group. There was, however, a suggestion of an increase in the long term morbidity, although these figures were not amenable to statistical analysis. Thus is has not been possible to demonstrate a role for cryoanalgesia in the control of post thoracotomy @entity1 .

title: Role of cryoanalgesia in the control of XXXX after thoracotomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: During amphibian metamorphosis dramatic changes occur in the morphogenesis and differentiation of the epidermis. Concurrently with these changes, the 63 kDa @entity2 gene is upregulated from low basal levels to high levels. What makes these processes unique is that they are controlled by @entity0 (T3) and can be duplicated in cultures of purified epidermal cells. Since there is a 2 day lag period between the addition of T3 and the upregulation of @entity2 gene expression and terminal differentiation, recent studies have focused on identifying the genes activated during the lag period. We assume that the transcription factors required for upregulation of the @entity2 gene are induced by T3 during the lag period, and therefore we have cloned the @entity2 gene so that promoter analyses can be conducted. S1 mapping assays have shown that the same transcription start sites are used during premetamorphosis when the @entity2 gene is basally expressed, during metamorphosis when it is T3-upregulated, and in the adult epidermis where it is expressed independently of T3. During the early part of the lag period @entity1 and @entity3 mRNA levels are upregulated in the epidermis by T3. The transcription factor @entity3 is expressed at high levels in the skin of premetamorphic larvae and induced about fivefold by T3 but is not induced in an epithelial cell line (XL-177). Since the @entity2 mRNA, @entity3 mRNA, and other genes induced during the lag period are expressed in premetamorphic larvae it appears that T3 functions by upregulating the expression of genes previously activated by a T3-independent process. This preprogramming may account for the tissue specificity of T3 action during metamorphosis.

title: Upregulation of XXXX in the skin of Xenopus laevis during thyroid hormone-induced metamorphosis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of isolated @entity4 secondary to corrosive ingestion. @entity0 AND METHODS: Retrospective chart review of eight @entity0 who developed @entity2 following corrosive ingestion and were treated in the Digestive and General Surgery Service of Yopougon Teaching Hospital in Abidjan from 1991 to 2009. RESULTS: Six @entity0 and two @entity0 (mean age of 34.3 [range 21 to 48 years]) had isolated @entity4 following accidental (n=2) or suicidal (n=6) acid ingestion. Two @entity0 sought hospital medical attention two days after ingestion, whereas six @entity0 came to hospital with a mean delay of 60.8 days (range 12 and 96 days). @entity0 sought medical attention for poor general status (n=6), postprandial @entity3 (n=4), early satiety (n=2) and @entity1 (n=2). Two @entity0 , who presented early to hospital, underwent upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy the day after admission and then received a feeding jejunostomy whereas the esogastroduodenal barium swallow and feeding jejunostomy were performed after a mean delay of 2 days (range 1 and 3 days) and 3 days (range 1 and 5 days), respectively. The findings at upper endoscopy and barium swallow were: microgastria (n=2), midgastric stricture (n=1), antropyloric stricture (n=4) and gastric body stricture (n=1). One @entity0 died preoperatively as the result of severe nutritional depletion. A follow-up endoscopy and barium swallow were performed respectively 21 and 35 days later. Definitive surgery was performed after a mean delay of 85 days (range 74 to 123 days) in the remaining seven @entity0 . @entity5 were managed by total gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy (n=2), partial gastrectomy with gastrojejunostomy (n=2) or simple gastrojejunostomy (n=3). During the mean follow-up period of 4 years (range 1 to 7 years), all @entity0 were free of symptoms. CONCLUSION: Isolated corrosive @entity2 is relatively rare. Surgery tailored according to the extent of @entity2 provides excellent results.

title: Isolated XXXX due to corrosive ingestion.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland in @entity2 requires, as a first step, their attachment to endothelial cells (EC) and subsequently, their interaction with thyrocytes and extracellular matrix proteins. A number of different ligand molecules have been identified to mediate the interaction between EC and leukocyte subpopulations. In this study, we examined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical techniques, the expression of integrin receptors and their counter-receptors by infiltrating lymphocytes and vascular endothelium in thyroid glands from @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). A high proportion of @entity5 intrathyroidal T lymphocytes expressed the @entity7 and @entity10 ( @entity8 ) activation antigens as well as an increased number of LFA-alpha L, VLA-alpha 1, -alpha 4, -alpha 5, and beta 1 integrin receptors, as compared with peripheral blood T lymphocytes from the same @entity0 . The expression of @entity3 was increased in EC from @entity5 and @entity4 thyroids. In addition, an up-regulated de novo expression of @entity6 was found in EC in @entity5 and @entity4 thyroids, with no reactivity in control thyroids. Dendritic cells in thyroid lymphoid follicles were also positive for @entity3 and @entity6 . In addition, most of intrathyroidal mononuclear cells expressed the @entity9 adhesion molecule. This enhanced expression of @entity3 and @entity6 by thyroid EC in @entity5 and @entity4 may reflect their ability to regulate leukocyte trafficking and activation by means of the expression of specific ligand molecules. Our data suggest that both the @entity1 / @entity3 , @entity9 and VLA-4/ @entity6 pathways could play a relevant role in localizing and perpetuating the autoimmune response in the thyroid gland in @entity2 .

title: Adhesion molecules from the @entity1 / XXXX ,3 and VLA-4/ @entity6 pathways on T lymphocytes and vascular endothelium in Graves' and @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland in @entity2 requires, as a first step, their attachment to endothelial cells (EC) and subsequently, their interaction with thyrocytes and extracellular matrix proteins. A number of different ligand molecules have been identified to mediate the interaction between EC and leukocyte subpopulations. In this study, we examined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical techniques, the expression of integrin receptors and their counter-receptors by infiltrating lymphocytes and vascular endothelium in thyroid glands from @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). A high proportion of @entity5 intrathyroidal T lymphocytes expressed the @entity7 and @entity10 ( @entity8 ) activation antigens as well as an increased number of LFA-alpha L, VLA-alpha 1, -alpha 4, -alpha 5, and beta 1 integrin receptors, as compared with peripheral blood T lymphocytes from the same @entity0 . The expression of @entity3 was increased in EC from @entity5 and @entity4 thyroids. In addition, an up-regulated de novo expression of @entity6 was found in EC in @entity5 and @entity4 thyroids, with no reactivity in control thyroids. Dendritic cells in thyroid lymphoid follicles were also positive for @entity3 and @entity6 . In addition, most of intrathyroidal mononuclear cells expressed the @entity9 adhesion molecule. This enhanced expression of @entity3 and @entity6 by thyroid EC in @entity5 and @entity4 may reflect their ability to regulate leukocyte trafficking and activation by means of the expression of specific ligand molecules. Our data suggest that both the @entity1 / @entity3 , @entity9 and VLA-4/ @entity6 pathways could play a relevant role in localizing and perpetuating the autoimmune response in the thyroid gland in @entity2 .

title: Adhesion molecules from the XXXX / @entity3 ,3 and VLA-4/ @entity6 pathways on T lymphocytes and vascular endothelium in Graves' and @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland in @entity2 requires, as a first step, their attachment to endothelial cells (EC) and subsequently, their interaction with thyrocytes and extracellular matrix proteins. A number of different ligand molecules have been identified to mediate the interaction between EC and leukocyte subpopulations. In this study, we examined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical techniques, the expression of integrin receptors and their counter-receptors by infiltrating lymphocytes and vascular endothelium in thyroid glands from @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). A high proportion of @entity5 intrathyroidal T lymphocytes expressed the @entity7 and @entity10 ( @entity8 ) activation antigens as well as an increased number of LFA-alpha L, VLA-alpha 1, -alpha 4, -alpha 5, and beta 1 integrin receptors, as compared with peripheral blood T lymphocytes from the same @entity0 . The expression of @entity3 was increased in EC from @entity5 and @entity4 thyroids. In addition, an up-regulated de novo expression of @entity6 was found in EC in @entity5 and @entity4 thyroids, with no reactivity in control thyroids. Dendritic cells in thyroid lymphoid follicles were also positive for @entity3 and @entity6 . In addition, most of intrathyroidal mononuclear cells expressed the @entity9 adhesion molecule. This enhanced expression of @entity3 and @entity6 by thyroid EC in @entity5 and @entity4 may reflect their ability to regulate leukocyte trafficking and activation by means of the expression of specific ligand molecules. Our data suggest that both the @entity1 / @entity3 , @entity9 and VLA-4/ @entity6 pathways could play a relevant role in localizing and perpetuating the autoimmune response in the thyroid gland in @entity2 .

title: Adhesion molecules from the @entity1 / @entity3 ,3 and VLA-4/ @entity6 pathways on T lymphocytes and vascular endothelium in Graves' and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland in @entity2 requires, as a first step, their attachment to endothelial cells (EC) and subsequently, their interaction with thyrocytes and extracellular matrix proteins. A number of different ligand molecules have been identified to mediate the interaction between EC and leukocyte subpopulations. In this study, we examined by flow cytometry and immunohistochemical techniques, the expression of integrin receptors and their counter-receptors by infiltrating lymphocytes and vascular endothelium in thyroid glands from @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). A high proportion of @entity5 intrathyroidal T lymphocytes expressed the @entity7 and @entity10 ( @entity8 ) activation antigens as well as an increased number of LFA-alpha L, VLA-alpha 1, -alpha 4, -alpha 5, and beta 1 integrin receptors, as compared with peripheral blood T lymphocytes from the same @entity0 . The expression of @entity3 was increased in EC from @entity5 and @entity4 thyroids. In addition, an up-regulated de novo expression of @entity6 was found in EC in @entity5 and @entity4 thyroids, with no reactivity in control thyroids. Dendritic cells in thyroid lymphoid follicles were also positive for @entity3 and @entity6 . In addition, most of intrathyroidal mononuclear cells expressed the @entity9 adhesion molecule. This enhanced expression of @entity3 and @entity6 by thyroid EC in @entity5 and @entity4 may reflect their ability to regulate leukocyte trafficking and activation by means of the expression of specific ligand molecules. Our data suggest that both the @entity1 / @entity3 , @entity9 and VLA-4/ @entity6 pathways could play a relevant role in localizing and perpetuating the autoimmune response in the thyroid gland in @entity2 .

title: Adhesion molecules from the @entity1 / @entity3 ,3 and VLA-4/ XXXX pathways on T lymphocytes and vascular endothelium in Graves' and @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity3 is a devastating consequence of @entity4 that affects the majority of those who survive with moderate-to-severe injury, and many @entity0 with mild @entity5 . Disruption of key monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems, such as the dopaminergic system, may play a key role in the widespread @entity3 seen after traumatic @entity1 . Manifestations of injury to this system may include @entity3 and @entity2 . We used the Cambridge Gambling Task to characterize decision-making and risk-taking behaviour, outside of a learning context, in a cohort of 44 @entity0 at least six months post- @entity4 . These @entity0 were found to have broadly intact processing of risk adjustment and probability judgement, and to bet similar amounts to controls. However, a @entity0 preference for consistently early bets indicated a higher level of @entity2 . These behavioural measures were compared with imaging findings on diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Performance in specific domains of the Cambridge Gambling Task correlated inversely and specifically with the severity of diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities in regions that have been implicated in these cognitive processes. Thus, @entity2 was associated with increased apparent diffusion coefficient bilaterally in the orbitofrontal gyrus, insula and caudate; abnormal risk adjustment with increased apparent diffusion coefficient in the right thalamus and dorsal striatum and left caudate; and impaired performance on rational choice with increased apparent diffusion coefficient in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, and the superior frontal gyri, right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, the dorsal and ventral striatum, and left hippocampus. Importantly, performance in specific cognitive domains of the task did not correlate with diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities in areas not implicated in their performance. The ability to dissociate the location and extent of damage with performance on the various task components using diffusion tensor imaging allows important insights into the neuroanatomical basis of @entity2 following @entity4 . The ability to detect such damage in vivo may have important implications for @entity0 management, @entity0 selection for trials, and to help understand complex neurocognitive pathways.

title: Parcellating the neuroanatomical basis of @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 is a devastating consequence of @entity4 that affects the majority of those who survive with moderate-to-severe injury, and many @entity0 with mild @entity5 . Disruption of key monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems, such as the dopaminergic system, may play a key role in the widespread @entity3 seen after traumatic @entity1 . Manifestations of injury to this system may include @entity3 and @entity2 . We used the Cambridge Gambling Task to characterize decision-making and risk-taking behaviour, outside of a learning context, in a cohort of 44 @entity0 at least six months post- @entity4 . These @entity0 were found to have broadly intact processing of risk adjustment and probability judgement, and to bet similar amounts to controls. However, a @entity0 preference for consistently early bets indicated a higher level of @entity2 . These behavioural measures were compared with imaging findings on diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging. Performance in specific domains of the Cambridge Gambling Task correlated inversely and specifically with the severity of diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities in regions that have been implicated in these cognitive processes. Thus, @entity2 was associated with increased apparent diffusion coefficient bilaterally in the orbitofrontal gyrus, insula and caudate; abnormal risk adjustment with increased apparent diffusion coefficient in the right thalamus and dorsal striatum and left caudate; and impaired performance on rational choice with increased apparent diffusion coefficient in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, and the superior frontal gyri, right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, the dorsal and ventral striatum, and left hippocampus. Importantly, performance in specific cognitive domains of the task did not correlate with diffusion tensor imaging abnormalities in areas not implicated in their performance. The ability to dissociate the location and extent of damage with performance on the various task components using diffusion tensor imaging allows important insights into the neuroanatomical basis of @entity2 following @entity4 . The ability to detect such damage in vivo may have important implications for @entity0 management, @entity0 selection for trials, and to help understand complex neurocognitive pathways.

title: Parcellating the neuroanatomical basis of XXXX in @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND Embryologists currently face a challenge when counselling @entity0 regarding the stage and the number of embryos to transfer when no top-quality embryos (TQE) are available. METHODS The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of single blastocyst transfer (SBT) in comparison with the transfer of two cleavage-stage embryos in @entity0 under 36 years old. A total of 450 @entity0 under 36 years undergoing their first or second IVF treatment who had no TQE on Day 2 were included in this prospective study. Couples were assigned to either a SBT or a double cleavage-stage embryo transfer ( @entity2 ). The clinical end-points monitored were rates of implantation, delivery and multiple deliveries. RESULTS The rate of transfer was significantly lower for couples assigned to the SBT group compared with the @entity2 group (88 versus 100%, respectively, P < 0.001) while the delivery rate per oocyte retrieval was similar in both groups (26.7%). By contrast, the rate of multiple deliveries was significantly lower in the SBT group compared with the @entity2 group (3.3 versus 23.3%, respectively, P < 0.01). Blastocyst cryopreservation was twice as high in the SBT group compared with the @entity2 group (39 versus 18%, respectively, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings show the value of extended embryo culture for couples without TQE. In such situations, delaying embryo transfer in order to select a single blastocyst with the highest potential for implantation can reduce the number of @entity1 . Furthermore, our results demonstrate that extended culture allows blastocyst cryopreservation from embryos not available for Day 2 cryopreservation.

title: Treating XXXX under 36 years old without top-quality embryos on day 2: a prospective study comparing double embryo transfer with single blastocyst transfer.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical trials are critical for evaluating new @entity1 therapies, but few adult @entity0 participate in them. Physicians have an important role in facilitating @entity0 participation in clinical trials. We examined the characteristics of specialty physicians who participate in clinical trials by enrolling or referring @entity0 , the types of trials in which they participate, and factors associated with physicians who report greater involvement in clinical trials. METHODS: We analyzed data from the @entity1 Care Outcomes Research and Surveillance Consortium. The study included 1533 specialty physicians who cared for @entity2 @entity0 (496 medical oncologists, 228 radiation oncologists, and 809 surgeons) and completed a survey conducted during 2005-2006 (response rate = 61.0%). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize physicians' personal and practice characteristics, and regression models were used to examine associations between these characteristics and physician participation in clinical trials. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: A total of 87.8% of medical oncologists, 66.1% of radiation oncologists, and 35.0% of surgeons reported referring or enrolling one or more @entity0 in clinical trials during the previous 12 months. The mean number of @entity0 referred or enrolled by these physicians was 17.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 15.5 to 18.9) for medical oncologists, 9.5 (95% CI = 7.7 to 11.3) for radiation oncologists, and 12.2 (95% CI = 9.8 to 14.6) for surgeons (P < .001). Specialty type, involvement in teaching, and affiliation with a Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) and/or a National @entity1 Institute-designated @entity1 center were associated with physician trial participation and enrolling more @entity0 (all Ps < .05). Two-thirds of physicians with a CCOP or National @entity1 Institute-designated @entity1 center affiliation reported participating in trials. CONCLUSIONS: Features of specialty physicians' practice environments are associated with their trial participation, but many physicians at CCOPs and @entity1 centers do not participate.

title: A population-based assessment of specialty physician involvement in XXXX clinical trials.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Three studies were conducted to determine the effect of preceding crop on wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) abundance in the @entity5 . In all three studies, samples of wireworm populations were taken from the soil by using oat, Avena sativa L., baits. Treatments were defined by the previous year's crop and were chosen to reflect common crop rotations in the region. Across all three studies, eight wireworm species were recovered from the baits: Conoderus amplicollis (Gyllenhal), Conoderus bellus (Say), Conoderus falli (Lane), Conoderus lividus (Degeer), Conoderus scissus (Schaeffer), Conoderus vespertinus (F.), Glyphonyx bimarginatus (Schaeffer), and @entity6 (Gyllenhal). The effect of @entity4 , @entity3 .; @entity2 , @entity2 .; fallow; @entity1 , Clycine max (L.) Merr.; sweet potato, Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.; and @entity0 (Nicotiana spp.) was evaluated in a small-plot replicated study. M. communis was the most frequently collected species in the small-plot study and was found in significantly higher numbers following @entity1 and @entity4 . The mean total number of wireworms per bait (all species) was highest following @entity1 . A second study conducted in late fall and early spring assessed the abundance of overwintering wireworm populations in commercial fields planted to @entity4 , @entity2 , peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), @entity1 , sweet potato, and @entity0 in the most recent previous growing season. C. lividus was the most abundant species, and the mean total number of wireworms was highest following @entity4 and @entity1 . A survey was conducted in commercial sweet potato in late spring and early summer in fields that had been planted to @entity4 , @entity2 , cucurbit ( @entity7 .), peanut, @entity1 , sweet potato, or @entity0 in the most recent previous growing season. C. vespertinus was the most abundant species, and the mean total number of wireworms per bait was highest following @entity4 .

title: Influence of preceding crop on wireworm (Coleoptera: Elateridae) abundance in the XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The keratin pattern in oral epithelia is related to the type of terminal differentiation observed morphologically (keratinization/nonkeratinization) and to the presence or absence of @entity5 . Furthermore, it has been suggested recently that inflammatory phenomena influence the keratin expression in @entity0 gingiva. The aim of the present study was to describe the keratin pattern in @entity6 , which are well known to be characterized by hyperkeratinization and severe inflammatory changes, in order to elucidate the role of @entity1 in keratin expression of oral epithelia. Tissue sections were stained with antikeratin antibodies directed to groups of keratins ( @entity3 and @entity8 ) and to single keratin proteins (Nos. 5, 8, 13, and 19). The keratin pattern in OLP lesions differed in some respects from that of @entity7 and frictional keratoses as characterized in previous studies. No consistent patterns for use in a diagnostic context were found. However, the changes in OLP lesions did not mimic those previously described in inflamed gingival specimens and in @entity4 . Thus, the results encourage further studies on the potential diagnostic use of keratin expression in @entity2 . Furthermore, the study suggests that the inflammatory reaction seen in OLP lesions does not influence keratin expression in a way comparable with the suggested influence of @entity1 in gingival specimens.

title: Keratin staining pattern in clinically normal and diseased oral mucosa of lichen planus XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have used indo-1-loaded @entity0 endothelial cells (EC) in monolayer culture and quantitative laser scanning fluorescence microscopy techniques to investigate the magnitude and duration of the change in cytoplasmic free @entity2 ([ @entity1 ]i) required for @entity4 -stimulated @entity5 factor ( @entity6 ) secretion in individual EC. Both alpha- @entity4 and a 14 @entity3 @entity4 receptor activating peptide stimulate an increase in EC [ @entity1 ]i that is agonist dose dependent. Low-dose agonist treatment generates asynchronous oscillations (i.e., repetitive spikes < 80 sec duration) in [ @entity1 ]i. Stimulation with higher agonist concentrations generates a prolonged single peak elevation in [ @entity1 ]i. Both the number of cells displaying prolonged [ @entity1 ]i peaks and the mean amplitude of the peaks increase as a function of agonist concentration. Higher doses of agonist also cause sustained elevations in [ @entity1 ]i that depend upon extracellular @entity1 . Oscillations in [ @entity1 ]i are not sufficient to stimulate significant @entity6 secretion, and sustained elevations in [ @entity1 ]i are not required for maximal secretion. Both the number of cells displaying prolonged peaks and the mean peak amplitude correlate with increasing levels of @entity6 secretion from the culture. We have used the expression of @entity7 , a secretory granule membrane protein, as a marker for measuring @entity4 -induced exocytosis in individual EC. Both the number of secreting cells and the amount of secretion per cell increase as a function of @entity4 concentration. The graded responses in [ @entity1 ]i amplitudes and the graded exocytotic response may be causally related.

title: Prolonged peak elevations in cytoplasmic free @entity2 ions, derived from intracellular stores, correlate with the extent of XXXX -stimulated exocytosis in single @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We have used indo-1-loaded @entity0 endothelial cells (EC) in monolayer culture and quantitative laser scanning fluorescence microscopy techniques to investigate the magnitude and duration of the change in cytoplasmic free @entity2 ([ @entity1 ]i) required for @entity4 -stimulated @entity5 factor ( @entity6 ) secretion in individual EC. Both alpha- @entity4 and a 14 @entity3 @entity4 receptor activating peptide stimulate an increase in EC [ @entity1 ]i that is agonist dose dependent. Low-dose agonist treatment generates asynchronous oscillations (i.e., repetitive spikes < 80 sec duration) in [ @entity1 ]i. Stimulation with higher agonist concentrations generates a prolonged single peak elevation in [ @entity1 ]i. Both the number of cells displaying prolonged [ @entity1 ]i peaks and the mean amplitude of the peaks increase as a function of agonist concentration. Higher doses of agonist also cause sustained elevations in [ @entity1 ]i that depend upon extracellular @entity1 . Oscillations in [ @entity1 ]i are not sufficient to stimulate significant @entity6 secretion, and sustained elevations in [ @entity1 ]i are not required for maximal secretion. Both the number of cells displaying prolonged peaks and the mean peak amplitude correlate with increasing levels of @entity6 secretion from the culture. We have used the expression of @entity7 , a secretory granule membrane protein, as a marker for measuring @entity4 -induced exocytosis in individual EC. Both the number of secreting cells and the amount of secretion per cell increase as a function of @entity4 concentration. The graded responses in [ @entity1 ]i amplitudes and the graded exocytotic response may be causally related.

title: Prolonged peak elevations in cytoplasmic free XXXX ions, derived from intracellular stores, correlate with the extent of @entity4 -stimulated exocytosis in single @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We have used indo-1-loaded @entity0 endothelial cells (EC) in monolayer culture and quantitative laser scanning fluorescence microscopy techniques to investigate the magnitude and duration of the change in cytoplasmic free @entity2 ([ @entity1 ]i) required for @entity4 -stimulated @entity5 factor ( @entity6 ) secretion in individual EC. Both alpha- @entity4 and a 14 @entity3 @entity4 receptor activating peptide stimulate an increase in EC [ @entity1 ]i that is agonist dose dependent. Low-dose agonist treatment generates asynchronous oscillations (i.e., repetitive spikes < 80 sec duration) in [ @entity1 ]i. Stimulation with higher agonist concentrations generates a prolonged single peak elevation in [ @entity1 ]i. Both the number of cells displaying prolonged [ @entity1 ]i peaks and the mean amplitude of the peaks increase as a function of agonist concentration. Higher doses of agonist also cause sustained elevations in [ @entity1 ]i that depend upon extracellular @entity1 . Oscillations in [ @entity1 ]i are not sufficient to stimulate significant @entity6 secretion, and sustained elevations in [ @entity1 ]i are not required for maximal secretion. Both the number of cells displaying prolonged peaks and the mean peak amplitude correlate with increasing levels of @entity6 secretion from the culture. We have used the expression of @entity7 , a secretory granule membrane protein, as a marker for measuring @entity4 -induced exocytosis in individual EC. Both the number of secreting cells and the amount of secretion per cell increase as a function of @entity4 concentration. The graded responses in [ @entity1 ]i amplitudes and the graded exocytotic response may be causally related.

title: Prolonged peak elevations in cytoplasmic free @entity2 ions, derived from intracellular stores, correlate with the extent of @entity4 -stimulated exocytosis in single XXXX umbilical vein endothelial cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Fifteen @entity0 less than 12 months of age with complete @entity4 underwent repair of the defect between January, 1981, and December, 1984. The average age at operation was 8 1/2 months and the average weight was 5.7 kg. Eight of 15 (53%) @entity0 had preoperative mild to moderate @entity3 . @entity2 was present in all @entity0 and 13 of 15 @entity0 had a pulmonary arterial resistance greater than 4 units (mean 8.8 units). Operative indication was based on @entity2 , @entity5 , and failure to thrive. @entity1 was utilized during operative repair to assess location of valve incision, level of attachment of valves to the patch, and cleft approximation. It was also used to check the competency of the mitral repair once complete. The average circulatory arrest time was 55.7 minutes. There were no operative deaths. There were two late deaths. We conclude that @entity1 is the key to the operation, and operative repair is safe in @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Repair of XXXX in infancy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Over a period of 12 1/2 years, 476 @entity0 underwent thoracotomy for @entity1 at two affiliated hospitals. Hospital mortality for all @entity0 was 5.25% and for those undergoing pulmonary resection, 5.67%. Hospital mortality is more indicative of true risk than is the 30 day mortality figure, which we regard as arbitrary and misleadingly low. Thirty-seven preoperative risk factors were analyzed for their effects on both morbidity and mortality, and 12 classes of postoperative complications were analyzed for their effect on mortality. All preoperative risk factors together accounted only for 12% of the risk of mortality (R2 by multiple regression analysis). Only three of these factors bore a significant association with mortality: @entity0 age 60 years or over (p less than 0.05), need for pneumonectomy (p less than 0.005), and premature ventricular contractions on the admission electrocardiogram (p less than 0.05). All the listed postoperative complications together accounted for only 28% of the risk of mortality. Of these complications, four showed a significant association with @entity4 : infectious complications ( @entity2 and @entity7 ) and @entity3 ( @entity6 and @entity5 ). In both analyses, the remainder of the risk of death must be attributed either to factors not considered or to purely random factors. It follows that much the greater part of the risk of death from surgical treatment of @entity1 could not be predicted from the preoperative status of the @entity0 .

title: Random versus predictable risks of mortality after thoracotomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Periportal and perivenous parenchymal cells were isolated by the @entity3 -pulse perfusion method. The @entity3 -pulse perfusion was shown to lead to selective lysis of the correct zone with a straight and sharp border of two to three cells. The mean ratios of @entity0 aminotransferase activity (a marker for periportal parenchymal cells) and @entity1 synthetase activity (a perivenous marker) of periportal to perivenous parenchymal cells were 1.76 and 0.025 respectively. Cells were incubated in vitro with 125I-asialo-orosomucoid (ASOR), 125I-trypsin-activated @entity4 ( @entity4 -T) or 125I-beta-migrating very-low-density lipoprotein (beta-VLDL), in order to determine the zonal distribution of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPr), the @entity2 ) and the lipoprotein-remnant receptor, respectively. Maximum binding capacity for 125I-ASOR on parenchymal cells showed a periportal/perivenous ratio of 0.70. The periportal/perivenous ratio of Bmax. values of binding of 125I- @entity4 -T to parenchymal cells was 1.51. The Bmax. values of binding of 125I-beta-VLDL, however, were about equal for both cell populations. It is concluded that the maximum binding capacity of the ASGPr on isolated periportal parenchymal cells is 0.70 times that of perivenous parenchymal cells. The 1.51-fold higher expression of the @entity2 on periportal cells, compared with perivenous parenchymal cells, indicates a zonal specialization for the uptake of the suggested multiple ligands. In contrast, the observed homogeneous distribution of the lipoprotein-remnant receptor is in accordance with the suggestion that lipoprotein remnants bind to a specific receptor, which is different from the @entity2 . The zonal heterogeneity in the expression of receptors suggests that receptor-dependent uptake pathways are under zonal control, leading to intrahepatic heterogeneity in the removal of ligands from the blood circulation.

title: Different zonal distribution of the asialoglycoprotein receptor, the XXXX receptor/low-density-lipoprotein receptor-related protein and the lipoprotein-remnant receptor of rat liver parenchymal cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 is a specific lesion of the synovial membrane of the @entity3 . In recent years it is frequently regarded as @entity1 . The problem of therapy of the diffuse form of the disease is yet to be solved. Recurrence rates after partial synovial capsulectomy remain high (33-46%) as well as after operation combined with radiation therapy. The authors summed up their experience in combined therapy of @entity2 . The method was used in 24 @entity0 with the diffuse form of the disease, ranging in age from 15 to 62. In 18 of 24 @entity0 the process affected the knee joint, in 6 @entity0 the articular bones were involved in the process. Partial synovial capsulectomy with subsequent development of recurrences was recorded in 14 @entity0 ' history. Total synovial capsulectomy was performed at the first stage; in knee joint involvement the operation was supplemented by meniscectomy. gamma-beam therapy followed operation in 3-4 weeks. Radiotherapy was necessitated by the fact that elements of the affected synovial sheath could not be completely removed even in total synovial capsulectomy. Irradiation was given from 2 fields, a single focal dose being 1.2-1.5 Gy, 5 fractions a week; a summary focal dose reached 16-20 Gy. A follow up period lasted from 6 mos to 6 yrs. Complete convalescence was noted in 23 @entity0 . Occupational rehabilitation was achieved in 21 @entity0 . In 2 @entity0 the functional outcome was considered to be satisfactory. The data obtained indicated to a high efficacy of combined therapy of the diffuse form of @entity2 and the appropriateness of the use of radiotherapy in the postoperative period.

title: [Combined treatment of the diffuse form of XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: In therapy study @entity2 -BFM 81 633 previously untreated @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) less than 18 years of age have been recruited from April 1, 1981 to September 30, 1983 and treated in 37 institutions throughout West-Germany and Austria. Here only therapy results of 611 @entity0 with non-B- @entity2 are presented. @entity0 with @entity2 of B-type are described elsewhere. In this fourth consecutive trial of the BFM study group three major questions have been asked: 1. Is it possible to assess the individual risk for relapse more accurately by the use of a risk factor rather than by the risk score which was the discriminator in studies @entity2 -BFM 76 and @entity2 -BFM 79? Does this risk factor discriminate more precisely @entity0 at the highest risk for relapse? Offers more intensive risk-adapted therapy to this @entity0 group a better chance for disease-free survival? 2. In @entity0 at a standard risk for relapse with a risk factor below 1.2--approximately 60% of @entity0 with non-B- @entity2 --can radiotherapy for prevention of @entity1 effectively be replaced by chemotherapy (intermediate dose @entity3 )? 3. It is possible to reduce duration of maintenance therapy by 6 months to a total duration of 18 months with no unfavorable effect? To assess the radiation problem in standard risk @entity0 and to evaluate the importance of duration of maintenance therapy two randomisations have been utilized. After a median duration of study @entity2 -BFM 81 of 4 1/2 years and 3 1/4 years after the study had been closed (date of evaluation January 1, 87) the answers are as follows: 1. For the majority of @entity0 risk-adapted therapy had a curative effect. The probability for event-free survival (EFS) in standard risk @entity0 in slightly above 70%, in medium risk @entity0 67%. In high-risk @entity0 risk-adapted therapy did not improve prognosis, the EFS being still in the order of 50%. A good assessment of the individual risk for relapse is possible by the newly introduced risk factor. This principle is superior to the risk score used in former studies @entity2 -BFM 76 and @entity2 -BFM 79 because a low risk group (risk factor below 0.8) could be identified including approximately 25% of all @entity0 with non-B @entity2 . Selection, quality, and timing of therapy elements remain the decisive prognostic factors, however. 2. Standard risk @entity0 with a risk factor below 0.8 can effectively be protected for CNS relapse by treatment with intermediate dose @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Treatment of @entity2 in childhood and adolescence: results of the multicenter therapy study XXXX -BFM 81].

answer: @entity2


abstract: In therapy study @entity2 -BFM 81 633 previously untreated @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) less than 18 years of age have been recruited from April 1, 1981 to September 30, 1983 and treated in 37 institutions throughout West-Germany and Austria. Here only therapy results of 611 @entity0 with non-B- @entity2 are presented. @entity0 with @entity2 of B-type are described elsewhere. In this fourth consecutive trial of the BFM study group three major questions have been asked: 1. Is it possible to assess the individual risk for relapse more accurately by the use of a risk factor rather than by the risk score which was the discriminator in studies @entity2 -BFM 76 and @entity2 -BFM 79? Does this risk factor discriminate more precisely @entity0 at the highest risk for relapse? Offers more intensive risk-adapted therapy to this @entity0 group a better chance for disease-free survival? 2. In @entity0 at a standard risk for relapse with a risk factor below 1.2--approximately 60% of @entity0 with non-B- @entity2 --can radiotherapy for prevention of @entity1 effectively be replaced by chemotherapy (intermediate dose @entity3 )? 3. It is possible to reduce duration of maintenance therapy by 6 months to a total duration of 18 months with no unfavorable effect? To assess the radiation problem in standard risk @entity0 and to evaluate the importance of duration of maintenance therapy two randomisations have been utilized. After a median duration of study @entity2 -BFM 81 of 4 1/2 years and 3 1/4 years after the study had been closed (date of evaluation January 1, 87) the answers are as follows: 1. For the majority of @entity0 risk-adapted therapy had a curative effect. The probability for event-free survival (EFS) in standard risk @entity0 in slightly above 70%, in medium risk @entity0 67%. In high-risk @entity0 risk-adapted therapy did not improve prognosis, the EFS being still in the order of 50%. A good assessment of the individual risk for relapse is possible by the newly introduced risk factor. This principle is superior to the risk score used in former studies @entity2 -BFM 76 and @entity2 -BFM 79 because a low risk group (risk factor below 0.8) could be identified including approximately 25% of all @entity0 with non-B @entity2 . Selection, quality, and timing of therapy elements remain the decisive prognostic factors, however. 2. Standard risk @entity0 with a risk factor below 0.8 can effectively be protected for CNS relapse by treatment with intermediate dose @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Treatment of XXXX in childhood and adolescence: results of the multicenter therapy study @entity2 -BFM 81].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Key discoveries in the past decade have revealed that the vascular endothelium is an important regulatory organ that is involved in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis in health and contributes significantly to the pathomechanism of several @entity0 . Occupying a strategically important location between circulating blood and tissues and having the ability to respond to changes in its physical, chemical, and humoral environment by the production of a host of biologically active substances, the normal endothelium modulates the tone of underlying vascular smooth muscle, maintains a nonadhesive luminal surface, and mediates hemostasis, cellular proliferation, and inflammatory and immune mechanisms in the vascular wall. Modulation of smooth-muscle tone is mediated by the synthesis release of endothelium-derived relaxing [PGI2, @entity8 (NO), and EDHF] and contracting factors ( @entity5 metabolites, @entity7 , and @entity6 ). Anticoagulant, fibrinolytic, and antithrombotic properties contribute to the maintenance of the fluidity of blood. Injury or activation (by cytokines) of endothelial cells disrupts these normal regulatory mechanisms and results in morphologic and functional alterations (phenotypic changes) commonly defined as @entity2 . Clinically, the "syndrome" of endothelial cell dysfunction can be described as generalized or localized vasospasm, @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity1 . Although its importance is clearly established, no drugs used today were originally targeted for the treatment of @entity2 . Recent studies, however, showed that some existing therapies (e.g., angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors) may protect the endothelium. Novel diagnostic techniques and innovative therapeutic strategies, based on the already known molecular mechanisms of @entity2 , are briefly outlined. Further knowledge of the pathobiology of the impaired endothelium will contribute to unraveling some of the remaining mysteries of many @entity0 and will enable us to design novel therapies to prevent and treat them.

title: The role of endothelium in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: To determine the factors associated with @entity4 @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in @entity1 ( @entity1 ), we performed echocardiography and gated cardiac scan on 217 nondiabetic dialysis and transplant @entity0 . The prevalence of @entity4 @entity5 (ejection fraction less than 55% and left ventricular end diastolic diameter greater than or equal to 5.5 cm) in dialysis @entity0 was 18% and in transplant @entity0 2%. The 26 @entity0 with @entity5 were compared to 52 controls without @entity5 , matched by age, sex and year of starting treatment for @entity1 , but not for current @entity1 therapy. Mean age was 55 +/- (SEM) 14 years; 73% of the @entity0 in both groups were males. Duration of treatment for @entity1 was 5.6 +/- 4.3 years in @entity0 , compared to 5.1 +/- 4.1 years in controls. Significant differences between @entity5 @entity0 and controls included current treatment (73% of cases were on hemodialysis and 8% were transplanted, compared to 48 and 42%; chi 2 = 9.9, p less than 0.01), high serum @entity6 , smoking and high serum alkaline phosphatase. There were no differences for current blood pressure, proportion on treatment for @entity2 , left ventricular wall thickness, symptomatic @entity3 , proportion with functioning vascular access, degree of @entity7 between dialyses, hemoglobin level or high transfusion requirement. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated the most significant and independent variables associated with @entity5 were high alkaline phosphatase (suggestive of @entity8 ), smoking and high serum @entity6 levels (reflecting degree of @entity9 ). Dialysis @entity0 with @entity5 (n = 23) were compared to dialysis @entity0 who had normal echocardiograms (n = 29).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity4 XXXX in end-stage renal disease.

answer: @entity5


abstract: To determine the factors associated with @entity4 @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in @entity1 ( @entity1 ), we performed echocardiography and gated cardiac scan on 217 nondiabetic dialysis and transplant @entity0 . The prevalence of @entity4 @entity5 (ejection fraction less than 55% and left ventricular end diastolic diameter greater than or equal to 5.5 cm) in dialysis @entity0 was 18% and in transplant @entity0 2%. The 26 @entity0 with @entity5 were compared to 52 controls without @entity5 , matched by age, sex and year of starting treatment for @entity1 , but not for current @entity1 therapy. Mean age was 55 +/- (SEM) 14 years; 73% of the @entity0 in both groups were males. Duration of treatment for @entity1 was 5.6 +/- 4.3 years in @entity0 , compared to 5.1 +/- 4.1 years in controls. Significant differences between @entity5 @entity0 and controls included current treatment (73% of cases were on hemodialysis and 8% were transplanted, compared to 48 and 42%; chi 2 = 9.9, p less than 0.01), high serum @entity6 , smoking and high serum alkaline phosphatase. There were no differences for current blood pressure, proportion on treatment for @entity2 , left ventricular wall thickness, symptomatic @entity3 , proportion with functioning vascular access, degree of @entity7 between dialyses, hemoglobin level or high transfusion requirement. Multiple logistic regression demonstrated the most significant and independent variables associated with @entity5 were high alkaline phosphatase (suggestive of @entity8 ), smoking and high serum @entity6 levels (reflecting degree of @entity9 ). Dialysis @entity0 with @entity5 (n = 23) were compared to dialysis @entity0 who had normal echocardiograms (n = 29).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX @entity5 in end-stage renal disease.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Cystic and keratinizing @entity6 have been observed in @entity2 exposed chronically to a number of particulates. A variety of diagnostic terms have been applied to these @entity4 but no consensus exists as to their most proper morphological classification. In an attempt to obtain a consensus for cystic keratinizing @entity4 produced in @entity2 by Kevlar para-aramid fibrils and @entity7 powder, a panel of medical and veterinary pathologists was invited to participate in a workshop addressing the morphology of the lesions and to reach a consensus on a suitable descriptive diagnostic term. All @entity0 agreed that the cystic keratinizing lesions were not malignant @entity1 . The majority was of the opinion that the lesions were not @entity1 . A minority (3/13) considered the lesions to be @entity1 . The panel considered that the most appropriate morphologic diagnosis for the lesions was "proliferative keratin cyst" ( @entity3 ). In addition, the panel agreed on the following descriptive text: "The lesions are cysts lined by a well-differentiated stratified squamous epithelium with a central keratin mass. Growth appears to have occurred by keratin accumulation and by peripheral extension of the metaplastic change into the adjacent alveolar spaces. The lesions are sharply demarcated except in those areas in which there has been extension of metaplasia into adjacent alveoli. The squamous epithelium has few @entity8 and @entity5 is absent."

title: "Proliferative keratin cyst," a lesion in the lungs of XXXX following chronic exposure to para-aramid fibrils.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Sarcopenia is an age-related @entity2 with @entity1 and loss in mass. Although the senescence-accelerated @entity0 P8 (SAMP8) was reported valid for muscular ageing research, there was no report on the details such as @entity4 onset time. Therefore, this study was to investigate the change of muscle mass, structure and functions during the development of @entity4 . Besides the average life span, muscle mass, structural and functional measurements were also studied. Male SAMP8 animals were examined at month 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, in which the right gastrocnemius was isolated and tested for ex vivo contractile properties and @entity3 while the contralateral one was harvested for muscle fiber cross-sectional area (FCSA) and typing assessments. Results showed that the peak of muscle mass appeared at month 7 and the onset of contractility decline was observed from month 8. Compared with month 8, most of the functional parameters at month 10 decreased significantly. Structurally, muscle fiber type IIA made up the largest proportion of the gastrocnemius, and the fiber size was found to peak at month 8. Based on the altered muscle mass, structural and functional outcomes, it was concluded that the onset of @entity4 in SAMP8 animals was at month 8. SAMP8 animals at month 8 should be at pre- @entity4 stage while month 10 at @entity4 stage. It is confirmed that SAMP8 @entity0 can be used in @entity4 research with established time line in this study.

title: Muscle mass, structural and functional investigations of senescence-accelerated XXXX P8 (SAMP8).

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The well-organized study to support that increased @entity3 and bile duct dilatation can occur after gastrectomy has not been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of @entity3 and the degree of common bile duct (CBD) dilatation in @entity0 undergoing subtotal gastrectomy, compared to those undergoing endoscopic treatment for @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 who diagnosed with @entity1 and received treatment at six academic referral centers were investigated for the incidence and time of @entity3 and the degree of @entity2 after treatment by analysis of 5-year follow-up CTs. The operation group underwent subtotal gastrectomy without vagotomy, while in the control group endoscopic treatment was administered for @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 802 @entity0 were enrolled in 5-year analysis (735 @entity0 in the operation group and 67 @entity0 in the control group). @entity3 occurred in 47 @entity0 (6.39%) in the operation group and 3 @entity0 (4.48%) in the control group (p=0.7909). The incidences of @entity3 were 4.28% in Billoth-I and 7.89% in Billoth-II (p=0.0487). The diameter of proximal CBD and distal CBD increased by 1.11 mm and 1.41 mm, respectively, in the operation group, compared to 0.4 mm and 0.38 mm, respectively, in the control group (p  0.05). @entity0 with increased @entity2 more than 5 mm showed statistically significant increases in alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltransferase. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity3 was not increased due to subtotal gastrectomy without vagotomy, but the incidence was higher after Billoth-II compared to Billoth-I. In addition, significant change in the CBD diameter was observed after subtotal gastrectomy.

title: Clinical Significance of Biliary Dilatation and XXXX after Subtotal Gastrectomy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Feline @entity4 are a diagnostic challenge. The objective of this retrospective, cross-sectional study was to determine whether computed tomography (CT) imaging characteristics of the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes (MRPLN), alone or in combination with CT imaging characteristics of the nasal passages, could aid in differentiation between @entity3 and @entity1 . @entity2 were recruited from record archives at two veterinary facilities during the period of 2008-2012. Selection criteria were presentation for chronic nasal discharge, contrast-enhanced CT of the head that included the MRPLN, and rhinoscopic nasal biopsy resulting in diagnosis of @entity3 or @entity1 . For each CT scan, two board-certified veterinary radiologists recorded MRPLN size, attenuation, heterogeneity, contrast-medium enhancement, margination, shape, presence of a lymph node hilus, perinodal fat, turbinate lysis, paranasal bone lysis, and nasal mass. Both readers were unaware of @entity0 information at the time of CT interpretation. Thirty-four @entity2 with @entity3 and 22 @entity2 with @entity1 were included. Computed tomographic characteristics significantly associated with @entity1 included abnormal MRPLN hilus (OR 5.1), paranasal bone lysis (OR 5.6), turbinate lysis (5.6), mass (OR 26.1), MRPLN height asymmetry (OR 4.5), and decreased MRPLN precontrast heterogeneity (OR 7.0). The combined features predictive of @entity1 were a nasal mass with abnormal hilus (OR 47.7); lysis of turbinates/paranasal bones with abnormal MRPLN hilus (OR 16.2). Findings supported the hypothesis that combining CT features of the nasal passages and MRPLN aided in differentiating @entity3 from @entity1 in @entity2 .

title: COMBINATION OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS OF MEDIAL RETROPHARYNGEAL LYMPH NODES AND NASAL PASSAGES AIDS DISCRIMINATION BETWEEN RHINITIS AND NEOPLASIA IN XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: To assess the effectiveness and safety of stentoplasty in @entity0 with @entity5 . A systematic search of databases including MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane library, between others, was conducted to June 9, 2014. Clinical trials and observational studies that included alive adults with @entity5 and the comparators were the intervention himself, vertebroplasty or balloon kyphoplasty were selected. Quality of evidence was graded according to the GRADE approach. Two review authors independently selected studies, assessed risk of bias and extracted data. Forty-two citations were identified during the search. After removing duplicates, five studies were included: two clinical trials and three observational studies. Stentoplasty, showed higher rate of adverse events related to material (P=0.043) and cuff pressure (P=0.014) in comparison to kyphoplasty. There was no difference between two procedures in terms of @entity4 , time of exposure to radiation or postoperative loss of cement. Stentoplasty in comparison to vertebroplasty, showed an improvement of restoration of vertebral height (P=0.042), @entity4 correction and volume of bone cement. No differences were found between two procedures in terms of @entity3 . Based on observational studies, stentoplasty improved vertebral height, @entity1 at 6 and 12months follow-up, and corrected the angle @entity2 in @entity0 with osteoporotic vertebral body. Stentoplasty was presented as a safe procedure in short-medium term, with a low complication rate, a @entity2 lower rates. Stentoplasty improves vertebral height, reduces the @entity1 and correct the vertebral angle in @entity0 with @entity5 with minimum adverse events. Stentoplasty is comparable to kyphoplasty in terms of correction of @entity4 , time of exposure to radiation and cement postoperative loss, and comparable to vertebroplasty in terms of restoration of vertebral height correction and bone cement volume. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II systematic review.

title: Stentoplasty effectiveness and safety for the treatment of XXXX : a systematic review.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity4 ) has weak thyroid-stimulating activity because of its homology with thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). In @entity5 ( @entity5 ), which is a severe complication of monochorionic twin pregnancies, a close association between maternal serum @entity4 concentration and @entity5 has been reported. And, @entity5 can be treated by fetoscopic laser coagulation of the communicating vessels. To clarify the relationship between maternal serum @entity4 and maternal thyroid function in @entity5 , the present study investigated the change in thyroid hormone and @entity4 levels after laser therapy. The protocol included collection of serial maternal blood samples in @entity5 before laser therapy, and at two and four weeks after laser therapy. For 131 cases of @entity5 , the following parameters were determined at each point: @entity4 , TSH, free @entity2 (fT3), and free @entity3 (fT4). The multiple of the median (MoM) of pre-operative @entity4 concentration in @entity5 was 5.39 MoM (interquartile range, 2.83 - 8.64). There was a moderate positive correlation between @entity4 and fT3 in @entity5 pre-operatively (R = 0.22, P = 0.030). fT4 was also positively correlated with @entity4 (R = 0.33, P < 0.001). Some cases showed very high concentration in fT3. When laser therapy for @entity5 was effective, the @entity4 concentration significantly decreased, and fT3 and fT4 decreased progressively in concert with the decrease in @entity4 . The relationship between @entity4 and thyroid function in @entity5 supports the finding of @entity5 as a novel etiology of @entity4 -mediated @entity1 during pregnancy.

title: Change of maternal thyroid function in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: In a retrospective study the histopathological findings of 127 laparoscopically operated unilocular anechoic smooth-walled @entity1 have been correlated with clinical characteristics (age, duration of observation, complaints, hormonal treatment), size by ultrasound, kind and colour of cysts content as well as cytological findings. The age of @entity0 differed from 16-61 years (mean +/- s: 36 +/- 16). The histopathologic findings yielded 15 (11.8%) functional cysts, 30 (23.6%) persistent corpus luteum cysts, 9 (7.1%) @entity3 , 7 (5.5%) cystic @entity2 , 9 (7.1%) undifferenciated cysts and 57 (44.9%) @entity6 . There were no differences between histopathologic diagnosis groups according to age and cysts size by ultrasound. Functional cysts with complaints (n = 6) may explain that the observation time in 60% of all functional cysts was smaller than 6 weeks, whereas persistent corpus luteum cysts, @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity6 had been observed for longer than 6 weeks in more than two thirds. Intraoperative evaluation of cysts content as " @entity5 "-like was suspicious of @entity3 , but was also present in cysts of other histopathological findings. By means of cytology, @entity3 (siderophages) was suspected in 44.4% and a @entity6 in 42.1% of all histopathologically verified cases. In all, the cytologic findings were useful for correct histopathological diagnosis in only 33.9% of all 127 cases. It is concluded that differential diagnosis of simple @entity1 is not possible by clinical characteristics, neither by ultrasound nor by cytological evaluation. @entity1 should be observed for at least two hormonal cycles. A hormonal treatment by combination preparations containing high doses of @entity4 is also recommended. In cases of persisting @entity1 laparoscopic removal is necessary.

title: [Histology and cytology of laparoscopically operated "simple XXXX "].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Between 1992 and 1993 surgery conserving the organ was undertaken in 215 @entity0 with uterine @entity3 . Only @entity3 of more than 2 cm in diameter were included. It was possible to conserve the organ in 207 cases (90%). Myomectomy by pelviscopy was performed in 131 cases. The procedure was successful in 117 cases (89%), secondary laparotomy had to be done in 14 of these @entity0 . On average the @entity3 removed by pelviscopy measured 5.2 cm in diameter. The S.E.M.M. (Serrated Edged Macro Morcellator) was used in the procedure. It did not take long to morecellate even larger @entity3 (the largest one removed by pelviscopy weighed 418 g) and to remove them by means of a 15 mm-trocar. An average of 2 @entity3 were removed per @entity0 (r: 1-5). The mean Hb drop amounted to 1.5 g%. Repeat pelviscopy had to be done in one @entity0 because of a secondary @entity2 , a laparotomy and hysterectomy for subilius had to be performed in one case on the 3rd postoperative day. An intestinal loop has adhered to the uterine wound dehiscence. No other complications were observed after pelviscopic myomectomy. A 41-year-old @entity0 wanting @entity0 suffered a late complication, namely a @entity1 in the 28 w of pregnancy. It is therefore imperative to inform @entity0 who are still in the reproductive phase about the possibility of an @entity1 after pelviscopic myomectomy.

title: [Pelviscopic XXXX enucleation: technique, limits, complications].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Fifteen percutaneous renal biopsies from @entity0 with @entity3 due to @entity5 ( @entity5 ), in almost all cases due to drugs, were studied by electron microscopy. Differential counting of interstitial cells showed an average of 69% lymphocytes (small and large) and 11% macrophages. Plasma cells and eosinophils were comparatively rare. The infiltrate resembled that of acute rejection, suggesting a cellular hypersensitivity reaction. Proximal and distal tubules were severely affected focally. Migration of lymphocytes through the tubular basement membrane of otherwise well-preserved tubules was considered to be the first phase. Other tubules showed extreme thinning of the tubular basement membrane, with still intact cellular walls. Rupture of the tubular basement membrane and @entity1 of tubular epithelial cells are probably late phenomena. The non-necrotic tubules displayed severe @entity6 and proximal as well as distal tubular basolateral infoldings. Focal tubular disintegration leading to @entity2 and/or backleak as well as decrease of proximal tubular @entity4 resorption leading to a decreased glomerular filtration (a mechanism probably also acting in ischemic @entity3 ) may all be factors responsible for the @entity3 in @entity5 .

title: Ultrastructure of the kidney in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The frequency of @entity0 grade I-III (grading system according to B  cking and Sommerkamp, 1980) and of clinical stages T0-T3 in 393 unselected @entity2 (227 punch biopsies and 166 transurethral resections) were investigated over a period of 2 years. @entity0 were represented most frequently in the whole material (54%) as well as in punch biopsies (62%). G @entity1 with a favorable prognosis make up 20% of the @entity0 in the whole material and only 10% in punch biopsies. In contrast, 54.9% of incidental @entity1 (T0) are G I @entity0 , 18.6% @entity0 with an unfavorable prognosis. The advanced clinical stages T2 and T3 predominate in the whole material with 62.4%, compared to stages T0 and T1 comprising 37.6%. Malignancy grade and clinical stage are clearly correlated in the whole material. In incidental @entity1 , there is also a correlation between @entity0 grade and histologic extension. The percentage of higher @entity0 grades G II and G III increases with age. This is true for incidental @entity1 as well. The findings emphasize the prognostic significance of the grading system.

title: [Malignancy grade and clinical stage T0-T3 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: A new fixed-dose combination drug, @entity11 (1 film-coated tablet contains 120 mg @entity10 , 2.5 mg @entity8 and 25 mg @entity9 ) was tested in a long-term study. 20 @entity0 with mild to moderate primary @entity1 were treated for 6 months. Items of investigation were: influence on low range serum @entity4 , influence on serum @entity7 concentration, blood pressure lowering effect, tolerance and side effects. Initial dosage of 1 tablet b.i.d. could be reduced to 1 tablet in the morning in 4 @entity0 . The mean serum @entity4 concentration rose from 3.79 +/- 0.3 mmol/l to 4.15 +/- 0.55 mmol/l (p less than 0.01) after 4 weeks, and to 4.26 +/- 0.37 mmol/l (p less than 0.001) after 6 months of treatment, all single values remaining within normal limits. The serum @entity7 concentration rose to a small, insignificant extent. @entity3 were lowered highly significantly from 177 +/- 12/103 +/- 7 mm Hg by 19/11 mm Hg. The mean values were within normal limits (less than 160/95 mm Hg) after treatment. Heart rate fell simultaneously by 11 beats per minute, on average (p less than 0.01). Atrioventricular conduction time was slightly prolonged in 2 cases. Serum levels of @entity6 , BUN and @entity5 rose slightly, but remained within the normal range during treatment. @entity2 and lipids were not influenced significantly. 1 @entity0 complained of transient gastrointestinal discomfort. Generally the drug was tolerated very well.

title: [ @entity4 -sparing effect of @entity9 in a 3-component combination preparation for the therapy of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A new fixed-dose combination drug, @entity11 (1 film-coated tablet contains 120 mg @entity10 , 2.5 mg @entity8 and 25 mg @entity9 ) was tested in a long-term study. 20 @entity0 with mild to moderate primary @entity1 were treated for 6 months. Items of investigation were: influence on low range serum @entity4 , influence on serum @entity7 concentration, blood pressure lowering effect, tolerance and side effects. Initial dosage of 1 tablet b.i.d. could be reduced to 1 tablet in the morning in 4 @entity0 . The mean serum @entity4 concentration rose from 3.79 +/- 0.3 mmol/l to 4.15 +/- 0.55 mmol/l (p less than 0.01) after 4 weeks, and to 4.26 +/- 0.37 mmol/l (p less than 0.001) after 6 months of treatment, all single values remaining within normal limits. The serum @entity7 concentration rose to a small, insignificant extent. @entity3 were lowered highly significantly from 177 +/- 12/103 +/- 7 mm Hg by 19/11 mm Hg. The mean values were within normal limits (less than 160/95 mm Hg) after treatment. Heart rate fell simultaneously by 11 beats per minute, on average (p less than 0.01). Atrioventricular conduction time was slightly prolonged in 2 cases. Serum levels of @entity6 , BUN and @entity5 rose slightly, but remained within the normal range during treatment. @entity2 and lipids were not influenced significantly. 1 @entity0 complained of transient gastrointestinal discomfort. Generally the drug was tolerated very well.

title: [ XXXX -sparing effect of @entity9 in a 3-component combination preparation for the therapy of @entity1 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: A new fixed-dose combination drug, @entity11 (1 film-coated tablet contains 120 mg @entity10 , 2.5 mg @entity8 and 25 mg @entity9 ) was tested in a long-term study. 20 @entity0 with mild to moderate primary @entity1 were treated for 6 months. Items of investigation were: influence on low range serum @entity4 , influence on serum @entity7 concentration, blood pressure lowering effect, tolerance and side effects. Initial dosage of 1 tablet b.i.d. could be reduced to 1 tablet in the morning in 4 @entity0 . The mean serum @entity4 concentration rose from 3.79 +/- 0.3 mmol/l to 4.15 +/- 0.55 mmol/l (p less than 0.01) after 4 weeks, and to 4.26 +/- 0.37 mmol/l (p less than 0.001) after 6 months of treatment, all single values remaining within normal limits. The serum @entity7 concentration rose to a small, insignificant extent. @entity3 were lowered highly significantly from 177 +/- 12/103 +/- 7 mm Hg by 19/11 mm Hg. The mean values were within normal limits (less than 160/95 mm Hg) after treatment. Heart rate fell simultaneously by 11 beats per minute, on average (p less than 0.01). Atrioventricular conduction time was slightly prolonged in 2 cases. Serum levels of @entity6 , BUN and @entity5 rose slightly, but remained within the normal range during treatment. @entity2 and lipids were not influenced significantly. 1 @entity0 complained of transient gastrointestinal discomfort. Generally the drug was tolerated very well.

title: [ @entity4 -sparing effect of XXXX in a 3-component combination preparation for the therapy of @entity1 ].

answer: @entity9


abstract: To characterize interventions resulting in 'physiological' growth of the heart, @entity0 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity0 and spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR) had @entity3 induced (0.05 mg.kg-1.day-1 @entity4 for 6 days) or were treated with a high dose of the @entity5 palmitoyltransferase-1 inhibitor, @entity6 (15 mg.kg-1.day-1 for 5 weeks). Etomoxir increased cardiac growth evenly, but @entity3 resulted in an over-proportional higher right ventricular weight. Both interventions increased the proportion of the myosin isozyme V1. The rate of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) @entity2 uptake was increased to a greater extent in @entity3 @entity0 than in etomoxir-treated @entity0 (P < 0.05). Left ventricular levels of immunoreactive phospholamban (semiquantitative ELISA) were moderately decreased (P < 0.05) in @entity3 @entity0 but not in etomoxir-treated @entity0 . The protein kinase A-catalyzed in vitro 32P-incorporation into the SR @entity2 pump modulator phospholamban was greatly reduced (P < 0.05) in @entity3 @entity0 , indicating an increased in vivo phosphorylation. Etomoxir did not affect phospholamban phosphorylation in WKY @entity0 . Thus, both a higher in vivo phospholamban phosphorylation state and a greater number of active @entity2 pumps contributed to an increased rate of SR @entity2 uptake in @entity3 . The etomoxir treatment primarily increased the number of active @entity2 pumps. A scheme is proposed focusing on long-term vs short-term regulation of the SR @entity2 pump/phospholamban system in diseased states.

title: Differential influences of XXXX palmitoyltransferase-1 inhibition and @entity3 on cardiac growth and sarcoplasmic reticulum phosphorylation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: To characterize interventions resulting in 'physiological' growth of the heart, @entity0 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity0 and spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR) had @entity3 induced (0.05 mg.kg-1.day-1 @entity4 for 6 days) or were treated with a high dose of the @entity5 palmitoyltransferase-1 inhibitor, @entity6 (15 mg.kg-1.day-1 for 5 weeks). Etomoxir increased cardiac growth evenly, but @entity3 resulted in an over-proportional higher right ventricular weight. Both interventions increased the proportion of the myosin isozyme V1. The rate of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) @entity2 uptake was increased to a greater extent in @entity3 @entity0 than in etomoxir-treated @entity0 (P < 0.05). Left ventricular levels of immunoreactive phospholamban (semiquantitative ELISA) were moderately decreased (P < 0.05) in @entity3 @entity0 but not in etomoxir-treated @entity0 . The protein kinase A-catalyzed in vitro 32P-incorporation into the SR @entity2 pump modulator phospholamban was greatly reduced (P < 0.05) in @entity3 @entity0 , indicating an increased in vivo phosphorylation. Etomoxir did not affect phospholamban phosphorylation in WKY @entity0 . Thus, both a higher in vivo phospholamban phosphorylation state and a greater number of active @entity2 pumps contributed to an increased rate of SR @entity2 uptake in @entity3 . The etomoxir treatment primarily increased the number of active @entity2 pumps. A scheme is proposed focusing on long-term vs short-term regulation of the SR @entity2 pump/phospholamban system in diseased states.

title: Differential influences of @entity5 palmitoyltransferase-1 inhibition and XXXX on cardiac growth and sarcoplasmic reticulum phosphorylation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Since 1987 a resurgence of @entity2 is occurring in the Netherlands in analogy to the situation in other industralised countries. So far this has not been associated with an increased incidence of @entity3 , which is still a rare complication of the disease. Four cases of intracranial @entity2 were recently diagnosed in our hospital. All @entity0 were from middle-class Dutch families with no identified risk for @entity2 . An extensive contact identification search could identify a contact in two @entity0 . Two @entity0 were in an advanced stage of disease before diagnosis. Skin tests were repeatedly negative in all cases which delayed treatment in two cases for almost 2 weeks. One @entity0 developing a cerebral tuberculous focus during therapy responded well to a second course of corticosteroids. Three @entity0 developed severe @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This report illustrates that suspicion of intracranial @entity2 is warranted in the case of an ill-defined @entity1 .

title: Intracranial XXXX in The Netherlands: four paediatric cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Recent anatomic work has shown that the capillary network of the fovea is multilaminar. We have identified the elements of this network that are visualized by @entity1 angiography and those that are missed. @entity1 angiograms of monkey retinas ( @entity3 ) with good visualization of individual capillaries were obtained by standard clinical techniques. Retinal whole mounts were prepared from the same animals. Anatomic drawings made from the whole mounts were used to identify which parts of the capillary network were visualized angiographically. Angiographic estimates of dimensions of the foveal avascular zone corresponded closely to the anatomy. Capillary visibility declined rapidly from near perfect visualization at the edge of the foveal avascular zone to less than 40% by 900 microns eccentricity. While all the widest capillary segments (diameter 6.1-7.0 microns) were visualized, only 43% of the modal group of capillary segments (diameter 4.1-4.5 microns) were detected. When a relatively homogeneous population of capillaries was analyzed (diameters limited to the narrow range of 4.0-5.0 microns), visualization declined monotonically with depth in the retina. Capillary segments in the nerve fiber plane were visualized more than four times as effectively as segments of comparable diameter in the deepest vascular plane. High quality angiograms accurately delineate the foveal avascular zone, but they visualize only a fraction of the adjacent multilaminar network. Therefore, current techniques may not detect the earliest nonperfusion of capillaries in @entity0 . Capillary visibility is a joint function of diameter and of @entity2 . The decline in visualization with @entity2 implies that light scattering in the retina degrades the angiographic image.

title: Comparison of XXXX angiography with microvascular anatomy of macaque retinas.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The use of polarised light in biomicroscopy allows discrimination of lenticular features which are not discernible using standard biomicroscopic techniques. However, just as is true of most brightness-dependent photographic methods testing the effect of filters, past uses of polarised light did not involve any control of illumination. The present study involved the use of polarised light in the photo-biomicroscopy of the anterior segment in @entity2 @entity0 , the consequential loss in illumination being mimicked with different neutral density filters. This served to distinguish between polarisation and attentuation. The @entity0 were refracted and their corrected @entity1 was recorded. A qualitative scale was drawn up ranking weights of @entity2 . Spearman's rank correlation was applied to the photographs obtained with conventional and polarised-light biomicroscopy in turn. Brightness control served to confirm that biomicroscopy with polarised light offers some advantages over conventional methods, and correlates with @entity1 better than is true of conventional biomicroscopy. The Spearman ranks derived from the results obtained with polarised light correlate significantly with the @entity0 's @entity1 . It is concluded that polarised light biomicroscopy, in conjunction with the standard examination, can improve the diagnosis of @entity2 and assist in relating it to a @entity0 's @entity1 .

title: Polarising light biomicroscopy and the relation between XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The use of polarised light in biomicroscopy allows discrimination of lenticular features which are not discernible using standard biomicroscopic techniques. However, just as is true of most brightness-dependent photographic methods testing the effect of filters, past uses of polarised light did not involve any control of illumination. The present study involved the use of polarised light in the photo-biomicroscopy of the anterior segment in @entity2 @entity0 , the consequential loss in illumination being mimicked with different neutral density filters. This served to distinguish between polarisation and attentuation. The @entity0 were refracted and their corrected @entity1 was recorded. A qualitative scale was drawn up ranking weights of @entity2 . Spearman's rank correlation was applied to the photographs obtained with conventional and polarised-light biomicroscopy in turn. Brightness control served to confirm that biomicroscopy with polarised light offers some advantages over conventional methods, and correlates with @entity1 better than is true of conventional biomicroscopy. The Spearman ranks derived from the results obtained with polarised light correlate significantly with the @entity0 's @entity1 . It is concluded that polarised light biomicroscopy, in conjunction with the standard examination, can improve the diagnosis of @entity2 and assist in relating it to a @entity0 's @entity1 .

title: Polarising light biomicroscopy and the relation between @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The occurrence of @entity7 , sweet and @entity8 craving, @entity9 in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) compared to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was evaluated. @entity1 is a progressive @entity4 with a high rate of misdiagnosis and therefore better diagnostic criteria for @entity1 are needed. Fourteen @entity0 meeting research criteria for @entity3 were compared to 14 with suspected @entity1 . All had cerebral perfusion measured with xenon-133 and imaged with HMPAO using brain-dedicated SPECT. The @entity1 group showed frontotemporal and @entity3 posterior temporoparietal hypoperfusion. The primary caregivers were queried regarding @entity7 , sweet/ @entity8 preference, @entity5 . Differences were compared with Fisher's exact test. The following was found in @entity1 versus @entity3 : @entity7 in @entity1 @entity0 amounted to 64% ( @entity3 7%), @entity8 craving was 79% (vs. 0%) and @entity2 64% (vs. 14%). The differences for these symptoms were statistically significant, whereas for the symptoms increased sexual drive (8 vs. 8%) and reduced sexual drive (54 vs. 23%) no significant difference could be found. In @entity1 the first symptoms were often dietary changes or hyposexuality. Compulsions were more bizarre and severely disabling in @entity1 than in @entity3 . Dietary changes, hyposexuality, and disabling @entity9 are prominent early symptoms in @entity1 but not @entity3 . The cause of these symptoms may be due to both frontal and subcortical @entity6 loss and dysfunction of the anterior temporal lobes.

title: Dietary changes, XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: The occurrence of @entity7 , sweet and @entity8 craving, @entity9 in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) compared to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was evaluated. @entity1 is a progressive @entity4 with a high rate of misdiagnosis and therefore better diagnostic criteria for @entity1 are needed. Fourteen @entity0 meeting research criteria for @entity3 were compared to 14 with suspected @entity1 . All had cerebral perfusion measured with xenon-133 and imaged with HMPAO using brain-dedicated SPECT. The @entity1 group showed frontotemporal and @entity3 posterior temporoparietal hypoperfusion. The primary caregivers were queried regarding @entity7 , sweet/ @entity8 preference, @entity5 . Differences were compared with Fisher's exact test. The following was found in @entity1 versus @entity3 : @entity7 in @entity1 @entity0 amounted to 64% ( @entity3 7%), @entity8 craving was 79% (vs. 0%) and @entity2 64% (vs. 14%). The differences for these symptoms were statistically significant, whereas for the symptoms increased sexual drive (8 vs. 8%) and reduced sexual drive (54 vs. 23%) no significant difference could be found. In @entity1 the first symptoms were often dietary changes or hyposexuality. Compulsions were more bizarre and severely disabling in @entity1 than in @entity3 . Dietary changes, hyposexuality, and disabling @entity9 are prominent early symptoms in @entity1 but not @entity3 . The cause of these symptoms may be due to both frontal and subcortical @entity6 loss and dysfunction of the anterior temporal lobes.

title: Dietary changes, @entity9 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A 70-year-old female with inverted @entity4 is presented. She was hospitalized because of asymptomatic macrohematuria. Excretory urography and retrograde pyelography demonstrated a filling defect with smooth contour at the mid-portion of the right ureter. Abdominal computer tomographic (CT) scan showed @entity1 (CT number 41) at the same portion as the filling defect. She was diagnosed as having an @entity0 and right nephroureterectomy was performed. The gross specimen contained a 24 X 12 mm, polypoid, pedunculated and smooth-surfaced @entity0 . Pathological diagnosis was @entity3 . However, microscopic examination revealed a malignant finding corresponding to transitional cell @entity2 grade 1. From the Japanese and foreign literature, 25 cases of @entity3 were collected and are reviewed. Clinical and pathological features are discussed.

title: [A case of inverted XXXX with malignant findings].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity2 ) is a rare cause of @entity2 . When compared to the West, the incidence of @entity2 was reported to be higher in the Orient, India and South Africa. From 1979 to 1993, 16 consecutive Chinese @entity0 (mean age 50 years) with @entity2 were retrospectively evaluated. The diagnosis in these @entity2 @entity0 was usually delayed with a mean lag time of 111 months. Most of the cases were detected by a delicate ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen. Segmental narrowing of the inferior vena cava in 11 @entity0 was the predominant type of @entity2 , while five experienced a membranous obstructive type. Only one of five surgery-treated @entity0 had a post-operation survival > 5 years, while five out of the nine @entity0 who received conservative treatment still survived after a 6-15 year follow up. Two @entity0 received percutaneous angioplasty (PTA). One survived 4 years and the other expired 5 years after the PTA. Two @entity0 (12%) developed a @entity1 in their disease course, and the incidence was lower than in previous reports from Japan and South Africa. The incidence of hepatitis B surface antigen in @entity2 did not increase in our @entity0 compared with the general population. In conclusion, the inferior vena cava should be carefully evaluated in an ultrasonographic examination of the abdomen to increase the diagnosis rate of @entity2 . Surgical intervention should be carefully justified according to the @entity0 's symptoms and signs, the types of obstructive lesions and the expertise of the surgeons.

title: XXXX in Taiwan.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recent research has shown significant variation in rates of computed tomography (CT) use among pediatric hospital @entity4 ( @entity4 ) for evaluation of head injured @entity0 . We examined the rates of CT use by individual @entity4 attending physicians for evaluation of head injured @entity0 in a pediatric hospital @entity4 . METHODS: We used an administrative database to identify @entity0 younger than 18 years evaluated for @entity5 from January 2011 through March 2013 at our @entity0 's hospital @entity4 , staffed by pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellowship trained physicians and pediatricians. We excluded encounters with @entity1 team activation or previous head CT performed elsewhere. We excluded physicians whose @entity0 volume was less than 1 standard deviation below the group mean. RESULTS: After exclusions, we evaluated 5340 encounters for @entity5 by 27 @entity4 attending physicians. For individual physicians, CT rates ranged from 12.4% to 37.3%, with a mean group rate of 28.4%. Individual PEM physician CT rates ranged from 18.9% to 37.3%, versus 12.4% to 31.8% for pediatricians. Of the 1518 encounters in which CT was done, 128 (8.4%) had a @entity2 on CT, and 125 (8.2%) had a simple skull @entity3 without @entity2 on CT. @entity0 factors associated with CT use included age younger than 2 years, higher triage acuity, arrival time of 10:00 PM to 6:00 AM, hospital admission, and evaluation by a PEM physician. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians at our pediatric hospital @entity4 varied in the use of CT for the evaluation of head-injured @entity0 .

title: Variation in Computed Tomography Use for Evaluation of XXXX in a Pediatric Emergency Department.

answer: @entity5


abstract: This study aims to investigate changes in frequency, risk, and patterns of lower @entity0 due to vehicle and occupant parameters as a function of vehicle model year. From the National Automotive Sampling System-Crashworthiness Data System, 10,988 observations were sampled and analyzed, representing 4.7 million belted drivers involved in frontal crashes for the years 1998-2010. A logistic regression model was developed to understand the association of sustaining knee and below knee lower @entity0 of moderate or greater severity with motor vehicle crash characteristics such as vehicle type and model years, toepan and instrument panel intrusions in addition to the occupant's age, gender, height and weight. Toepan intrusion greater than 2cm was significantly associated with an increased @entity0 (odds ratio: 9.10, 95% confidence interval 1.82-45.42). Females sustained a higher likelihood of distal lower @entity0 (OR: 6.83, 1.56-29.93) as compared to males. Increased mass of the driver was also found to have a positive association with injury (OR: 1.04, 1.02-1.06), while age and height were not associated with injury likelihood. Relative to passenger cars, vans exhibited a protective effect against sustaining @entity3 (OR: 0.24, 0.07-0.78), whereas no association was shown for light trucks (OR: 1.31, 0.69-2.49) or SUVs (OR: 0.76, 0.28-2.02). To examine whether current crash testing results are representative of real-world NASS-CDS findings, data from frontal offset crash tests performed by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) were examined. IIHS data indicated a decreasing trend in vehicle foot well and toepan intrusion, foot accelerations, tibia axial forces and tibia index in relation to increasing vehicle model year between the year 1995 and 2013. Over 90% of vehicles received the highest IIHS rating, with steady improvement from the upper and lower tibia index, tibia axial force and the resultant foot acceleration considering both left and right extremities. Passenger cars received the highest rating followed by SUVs and light trucks, while vans attained the lowest rating. These results demonstrate that while there has been steady improvement in vehicle crash test performance, below-knee lower @entity0 remain the most common @entity2 2+ @entity1 .

title: Analysis of crash parameters and driver characteristics associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: To find the best predictors of outcome for @entity0 undergoing intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) for @entity2 , we prospectively studied 30 consecutive @entity0 by examining hemodynamic parameters and cardiac @entity1 extraction ratios before the procedure. 1 hour after and then every 6 hours for 3 days. Complete hemodynamic data were obtained from the recordings of Swan-Ganz catheterization. Blood samples were drawn from the peripheral artery, central vein, pulmonary artery wedge position (PAW) and right atrium (RA) to quantify @entity1 levels. The simplified @entity1 extraction ratio was defined as the concentration of @entity1 in RA--the concentration of @entity1 in PAW/the concentration of @entity1 in PAW. The traditional systemic @entity1 production ratio was defined as the concentration of @entity1 in the central vein--the concentration of @entity1 in the peripheral artery/the concentration of @entity1 in the peripheral artery. Of the 30 @entity0 studied, 19 died of @entity2 , (group 1), while the surviving 11 @entity0 formed group 2. The @entity1 extraction ratios at each of the time periods after the procedure were all significantly different, while the differences in the systemic @entity1 production ratio and hemodynamic parameters, including the systemic arterial pressure, cardiac output, cardiac index and PAW pressure, became significant at varying times after IABP. In group 2, the @entity1 extraction ratios 1 hour after IABP and later were all significantly higher than at baseline. This trend was not seen in group 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Anaerobic metabolism in @entity0 undergoing intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: To find the best predictors of outcome for @entity0 undergoing intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) for @entity2 , we prospectively studied 30 consecutive @entity0 by examining hemodynamic parameters and cardiac @entity1 extraction ratios before the procedure. 1 hour after and then every 6 hours for 3 days. Complete hemodynamic data were obtained from the recordings of Swan-Ganz catheterization. Blood samples were drawn from the peripheral artery, central vein, pulmonary artery wedge position (PAW) and right atrium (RA) to quantify @entity1 levels. The simplified @entity1 extraction ratio was defined as the concentration of @entity1 in RA--the concentration of @entity1 in PAW/the concentration of @entity1 in PAW. The traditional systemic @entity1 production ratio was defined as the concentration of @entity1 in the central vein--the concentration of @entity1 in the peripheral artery/the concentration of @entity1 in the peripheral artery. Of the 30 @entity0 studied, 19 died of @entity2 , (group 1), while the surviving 11 @entity0 formed group 2. The @entity1 extraction ratios at each of the time periods after the procedure were all significantly different, while the differences in the systemic @entity1 production ratio and hemodynamic parameters, including the systemic arterial pressure, cardiac output, cardiac index and PAW pressure, became significant at varying times after IABP. In group 2, the @entity1 extraction ratios 1 hour after IABP and later were all significantly higher than at baseline. This trend was not seen in group 1.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Anaerobic metabolism in XXXX undergoing intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation for @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Although epidemiological studies in shift workers and flight attendants have associated chronic @entity8 ( @entity8 ) with @entity0 risk, causal evidence for this association is lacking. Several scenarios have been proposed to contribute to the shift work- @entity2 connection: (1) internal desynchronization, (2) light at night (resulting in @entity9 suppression), (3) sleep disruption, (4) lifestyle disturbances, and (5) decreased @entity6 levels due to lack of sunlight. The confounders inherent in @entity1 field studies are less problematic in animal studies, which are therefore a good approach to assess the causal relation between circadian disturbance and @entity2 . However, the experimental conditions of many of these animal studies were far from the reality of @entity1 shift workers. For example, some involved xenografts (addressing @entity2 growth rather than @entity2 ), chemically induced @entity2 models, or continuous bright light exposure, which can lead to suppression of circadian rhythmicity. Here, we have exposed @entity0 -prone @entity7 ( @entity10 /+)WAPCre conditional mutant @entity3 (in a FVB genetic background) to chronic @entity8 by subjecting them to a weekly alternating light-dark (LD) cycle throughout their life. Animals exposed to the weekly LD inversions showed a decrease in @entity2 suppression. In addition, these animals showed an increase in body weight. Importantly, this study provides the first experimental proof that @entity8 increases @entity0 development. Finally, our data suggest internal desynchronization and @entity4 as mechanisms linking shift work with @entity2 development and @entity5 .

title: Chronically Alternating Light Cycles Increase Breast Cancer Risk in XXXX .

answer: @entity3