abstract: A 25-year-old @entity0 delivered her first-born @entity0 weighing 3400 g by full-term normal delivery. Bloody stool developed 3 days after delivery. Colonoscopic examination revealed two linear @entity3 parallel to the anal column on the posterior side of the rectal ampulla about 5 cm from the anal ring. Coagulated blood was detected at the @entity3 bottom, suggesting the site of @entity2 . Bowel rest in the absence of oral intake resulted in the disappearance of bloody stool. Three days later colonoscopic examination revealed improvement in the @entity3 . There was no sign of @entity4 . A lateral pelvic radiograph showed that the apex of the coccyx was flexed anteriorly. The parturient canal may have physically pressed the rectum against the apex of the coccyx during delivery, causing @entity5 . Only a few studies have reported the complication of a rectal @entity3 due to injury during delivery. Furthermore, none of the previous studies has reported a rectal @entity3 caused by @entity1 .

title: XXXX caused by a @entity1 complicated by normal delivery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Data on specific abdominal surgery and @entity3 are infrequent and are usually included in the adrenalectomy reports. Current literature suggests the feasibility and reproducibility of the surgical adrenalectomies for @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 and functioning @entity1 including @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity3 . DISCUSSION: Medical treatment for @entity3 is feasible but follow-up or clinical situations force the @entity0 to undergo a surgical procedure. Laparoscopic surgery has become a gold standard nowadays in a broad spectrum of pathologies. Laparoscopic adrenalectomies are also standard procedures nowadays. However, despite the different characteristics and clinical disorders related to the laparoscopically removed @entity1 , the intraoperative and postoperative outcomes do not significantly differ in most cases between the different groups of @entity0 , techniques and types of @entity1 . @entity1 size, hormonal type and surgeon's experience could be different factors that predict @entity2 . Transabdominal and retroperitoneal approaches can be considered. Outcomes for @entity3 do not differ depending on the surgical approach. Novel technologies and approaches such as single-port surgery or robotic surgery have proven to be safe and feasible. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is a safe and feasible approach to adrenal pathology, providing the @entity0 with all the benefits of minimally invasive surgery. Single-port access and robotic surgery can be performed but more data are required to identify their correct role between the different surgical approaches. Factors such as surgeon's experience, @entity1 size and optimal technique can affect the outcomes of this surgery.

title: Past and present in abdominal surgery management for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We have used contrast two-dimensional echocardiography in the intraoperative evaluation of @entity2 in 35 @entity0 undergoing cardiac operations. All of them underwent previous cardiac catheterization in order to document the presence and severity of regurgitation. With the pericardium open, a catheter was introduced into the left ventricle (to document @entity2 ) or into the ascending aorta (to document @entity1 ). The two-dimensional echocardiographic probe was placed on the anterior surface of the right ventricle to obtain a basal image, equivalent to a conventional parasternal longitudinal view. @entity3 in water (5 ml) was rapidly hand-injected through the catheter, while echocardiograms were recorded on videotape. The observation of contrast medium (microbubbles) flowing in the retrograde direction through the incompetent valve was carefully evaluated with the same scoring system used in the hemodynamic laboratory. In 34 cases there was agreement between angiographic and echocardiographic evaluation of the presence and severity of @entity2 . Only one case was evaluated as mild @entity1 by angiography and moderate @entity1 by echocardiography. There were no false positives or false negatives in the study. In view of the high degree of correlation between contrast two-dimensional echocardiography and hemodynamic data, we suggest that our method is an important tool for the cardiac surgeon. In addition, the present approach overcame the disadvantages of the conventional intraoperative methods, most of which are performed in a nonbeating or fibrillating heart.

title: Intraoperative contrast two-dimensional echocardiography. Evaluation of the presence and severity of XXXX during cardiac operations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Previous studies found higher expression levels of DNA methyltransferase 1 in liver samples from smokers compared to those from non-smokers. In contrast, expression levels of DNA methyltransferase 3a and @entity4 were similar in smokers and non-smokers. This study extends these studies to establish a causal linkage to cigarette smoke exposure by examining whether DNA methyltransferase expression is modulated by cigarette smoke condensate. METHODS: These experiments were conducted in an in vitro system using HepG2 @entity0 liver cells. The dose range of cigarette smoke condensate was 0.1-120     g/mL. The duration of exposure was up to 72   h. RESULTS: In a 24-h exposure, DNA methyltransferase 1 expression was found to increase significantly in a dose-dependent manner (greater than threefold at 100     g/mL cigarette smoke condensate). Expression levels of DNA methyltransferase 3a and @entity4 were, however, not affected under these conditions. The effect of two cigarette constituents, @entity2 and @entity3 , on DNA methyltransferase 1 expression was also examined. @entity2 exposure significantly increased DNA methyltransferase 1 expression in a dose-dependent manner (greater than twofold at 50     M). However, under these conditions, @entity3 did not increase DNA methyltransferase 1 expression. CONCLUSION: These results clearly provide additional support of the modulating effect of cigarette smoke on DNA methyltransferase 1 expression. Given the potential of alterations in DNA methyltransferase expression to affect cellular function, this pathway may play a critical role in cigarette smoke-induced @entity1 .

title: Cigarette smoke condensate and individual constituents modulate DNA methyltransferase expression in XXXX liver cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The use of inhaled @entity4 is the standard maintenance therapy in asthma therapy and as adjunct therapy in moderate to severe @entity7 . A dose-related increase in @entity2 risk is associated with inhaled @entity3 use; there is an inverse relationship between bone mineral density and duration and cumulative dose of inhaled @entity3 . Adequate intake of @entity5 and @entity6 are cornerstones of @entity1 prevention. The objectives are to assess whether the proportion of @entity0 receiving inhaled @entity4 are taking @entity5 and @entity6 ; the association between long-term inhaled @entity3 use and abnormal bone mineral density or @entity2 ; and how many qualified @entity0 received bone mineral density scans. METHODS: @entity0 who filled a prescription for inhaled @entity4 at selected community pharmacies across Alberta were recruited for a survey of their @entity1 prevention activities. RESULTS: A total of 256 @entity0 from 12 community pharmacies were included. The average age was 60        17.4   years with 65% female. There were 21%, 51%, and 28% of @entity0 on high, medium, and low dose inhaled @entity4 , respectively. Only 17% of @entity0 >50   years old received recommended @entity5 and @entity6 supplementation and 87 (73%) of the qualified @entity0 received bone mineral density scan. CONCLUSION: @entity1 prevention in inhaled @entity3 users is currently poorly addressed. More promotion is needed to raise pharmacist awareness of the risks of inhaled @entity4 .

title: Self-reported XXXX prevention in inhaled @entity3 users in community pharmacy setting.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The use of inhaled @entity4 is the standard maintenance therapy in asthma therapy and as adjunct therapy in moderate to severe @entity7 . A dose-related increase in @entity2 risk is associated with inhaled @entity3 use; there is an inverse relationship between bone mineral density and duration and cumulative dose of inhaled @entity3 . Adequate intake of @entity5 and @entity6 are cornerstones of @entity1 prevention. The objectives are to assess whether the proportion of @entity0 receiving inhaled @entity4 are taking @entity5 and @entity6 ; the association between long-term inhaled @entity3 use and abnormal bone mineral density or @entity2 ; and how many qualified @entity0 received bone mineral density scans. METHODS: @entity0 who filled a prescription for inhaled @entity4 at selected community pharmacies across Alberta were recruited for a survey of their @entity1 prevention activities. RESULTS: A total of 256 @entity0 from 12 community pharmacies were included. The average age was 60        17.4   years with 65% female. There were 21%, 51%, and 28% of @entity0 on high, medium, and low dose inhaled @entity4 , respectively. Only 17% of @entity0 >50   years old received recommended @entity5 and @entity6 supplementation and 87 (73%) of the qualified @entity0 received bone mineral density scan. CONCLUSION: @entity1 prevention in inhaled @entity3 users is currently poorly addressed. More promotion is needed to raise pharmacist awareness of the risks of inhaled @entity4 .

title: Self-reported @entity1 prevention in inhaled XXXX users in community pharmacy setting.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Extracellular inorganic @entity6 (ePP(i)) is an important endogenous inhibitor of @entity2 , but it is not known whether systemic or local vascular PP(i) metabolism controls @entity3 . To determine the role of ePP(i) in vascular smooth muscle, we identified the pathways responsible for ePP(i) production and hydrolysis in @entity1 and @entity0 aortas and manipulated them to demonstrate their role in the @entity3 of isolated aortas in culture. @entity1 and @entity0 aortas contained mRNA for ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases ( @entity8 -3), the putative PP(i) transporter @entity9 , and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Synthesis of PP(i) from @entity5 in aortas was blocked by b,y- @entity4 - @entity5 , an inhibitor of NPPs. Aortas from @entity0 lacking @entity8 ( @entity8 (-/-)) did not synthesize PP(i) from @entity5 and exhibited increased @entity3 in culture. Although @entity9 -mediated transport of PP(i) could not be demonstrated in aortas, aortas from mutant ( @entity9 / @entity9 ) @entity0 calcified more in culture than did aortas from normal ( @entity9 / @entity9 ) @entity0 . Hydrolysis of PP(i) was reduced 25% by b,y- @entity4 - @entity5 and 50% by inhibition of @entity7 . Hydrolysis of PP(i) was increased in cells overexpressing @entity7 or NPP3 but not @entity8 and was not reduced in @entity8 (-/-) aortas. Overexpression of @entity7 increased @entity3 of cultured aortas. The results show that smooth muscle @entity8 and @entity7 control @entity2 through effects on synthesis and hydrolysis of ePP(i), indicating an important inhibitory role of locally produced PP(i). Smooth muscle @entity9 also affects @entity3 , but this may not be mediated through transport of PP(i). NPP3 is identified as an additional pyrophosphatase that could influence @entity2 .

title: Extracellular XXXX metabolism and @entity3 in vascular smooth muscle.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Extracellular inorganic @entity6 (ePP(i)) is an important endogenous inhibitor of @entity2 , but it is not known whether systemic or local vascular PP(i) metabolism controls @entity3 . To determine the role of ePP(i) in vascular smooth muscle, we identified the pathways responsible for ePP(i) production and hydrolysis in @entity1 and @entity0 aortas and manipulated them to demonstrate their role in the @entity3 of isolated aortas in culture. @entity1 and @entity0 aortas contained mRNA for ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases ( @entity8 -3), the putative PP(i) transporter @entity9 , and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Synthesis of PP(i) from @entity5 in aortas was blocked by b,y- @entity4 - @entity5 , an inhibitor of NPPs. Aortas from @entity0 lacking @entity8 ( @entity8 (-/-)) did not synthesize PP(i) from @entity5 and exhibited increased @entity3 in culture. Although @entity9 -mediated transport of PP(i) could not be demonstrated in aortas, aortas from mutant ( @entity9 / @entity9 ) @entity0 calcified more in culture than did aortas from normal ( @entity9 / @entity9 ) @entity0 . Hydrolysis of PP(i) was reduced 25% by b,y- @entity4 - @entity5 and 50% by inhibition of @entity7 . Hydrolysis of PP(i) was increased in cells overexpressing @entity7 or NPP3 but not @entity8 and was not reduced in @entity8 (-/-) aortas. Overexpression of @entity7 increased @entity3 of cultured aortas. The results show that smooth muscle @entity8 and @entity7 control @entity2 through effects on synthesis and hydrolysis of ePP(i), indicating an important inhibitory role of locally produced PP(i). Smooth muscle @entity9 also affects @entity3 , but this may not be mediated through transport of PP(i). NPP3 is identified as an additional pyrophosphatase that could influence @entity2 .

title: Extracellular @entity6 metabolism and XXXX in vascular smooth muscle.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) of @entity1 , uterine motion can be larger than cervix motion, requiring a larger clinical target volume to planning target volume (CTV-to- @entity3 ) margin around the uterine fundus. This work simulates different motion models and margins to estimate the dosimetric consequences. A virtual study used image sets from ten @entity0 . Plans were created with uniform margins of 1 cm ( @entity3 (A)) and 2.4 cm ( @entity3 (C)), and a margin tapering from 2.4 cm at the fundus to 1 cm at the cervix ( @entity3 (B)). Three inter-fraction motion models (MM) were simulated. In @entity4 , all structures moved with normally distributed rigid body translations. In @entity2 , CTV motion was progressively magnified as one moved superiorly from the cervix to the fundus. In MM3, both CTV and normal tissue motion were magnified as in @entity2 , modeling the scenario where normal tissues move into the void left by the mobile uterus. Plans were evaluated using static and percentile DVHs. For a conventional margin ( @entity3 (A)), quasi-realistic uterine motion (MM3) reduces fundus dose by about 5 Gy and increases normal tissue volumes receiving 30-50 Gy by    5%. A tapered CTV-to- @entity3 margin can restore fundus and CTV doses, but will increase normal tissue volumes receiving 30-50 Gy by a further    5%.

title: The effect of uterine motion and uterine margins on target and normal tissue doses in intensity modulated radiation therapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 /adolescents with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) have an excellent prognosis but relapses still occur. While chromosomal aberrations and/or clonal immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements may indicate risk of failure, a more universal approach was developed to detect @entity1 ( @entity1 ). @entity0 /adolescents with intermediate-risk @entity3 were treated with French-British-American/Lymphome Malins de Burkitt 96 ( @entity2 modified chemotherapy and rituximab. Specimens from diagnosis, end of induction (EOI), and end of therapy (EOT) were assayed for @entity1 . Initial specimens were screened for IGHV family usage with primer pools followed by individual primers to identify @entity1 . Thirty-two diagnostic/staging specimens screened positive with primer pools and unique IGHV family primers were identified. Two @entity0 relapsed; first relapse (4 months from diagnosis) was @entity1 -positive at EOI, the second (36 months from diagnosis) was @entity1 -positive at EOT. At EOI, recurrent rates were similar between the @entity4 -positive and @entity4 -negative @entity0 (P = 0  40). At EOT, only 13/32 @entity0 had @entity4 data available with one relapse in the @entity4 -positive group and no recurrences in the @entity4 -negative group (P = 0  077). The study demonstrated molecular-disseminated disease in which IgIGHV primer pools could be used to assess @entity1 . This feasibility study supports future investigations to assess the validity and significance of @entity1 screening in a larger cohort of @entity0 with intermediate-risk mature @entity3 .

title: Minimal disease assessment in the treatment of @entity0 and adolescents with intermediate-risk (Stage III/IV) XXXX : a @entity0 's oncology group report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 /adolescents with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) have an excellent prognosis but relapses still occur. While chromosomal aberrations and/or clonal immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements may indicate risk of failure, a more universal approach was developed to detect @entity1 ( @entity1 ). @entity0 /adolescents with intermediate-risk @entity3 were treated with French-British-American/Lymphome Malins de Burkitt 96 ( @entity2 modified chemotherapy and rituximab. Specimens from diagnosis, end of induction (EOI), and end of therapy (EOT) were assayed for @entity1 . Initial specimens were screened for IGHV family usage with primer pools followed by individual primers to identify @entity1 . Thirty-two diagnostic/staging specimens screened positive with primer pools and unique IGHV family primers were identified. Two @entity0 relapsed; first relapse (4 months from diagnosis) was @entity1 -positive at EOI, the second (36 months from diagnosis) was @entity1 -positive at EOT. At EOI, recurrent rates were similar between the @entity4 -positive and @entity4 -negative @entity0 (P = 0  40). At EOT, only 13/32 @entity0 had @entity4 data available with one relapse in the @entity4 -positive group and no recurrences in the @entity4 -negative group (P = 0  077). The study demonstrated molecular-disseminated disease in which IgIGHV primer pools could be used to assess @entity1 . This feasibility study supports future investigations to assess the validity and significance of @entity1 screening in a larger cohort of @entity0 with intermediate-risk mature @entity3 .

title: Minimal disease assessment in the treatment of XXXX and adolescents with intermediate-risk (Stage III/IV) @entity3 : a @entity0 's oncology group report.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 /adolescents with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) have an excellent prognosis but relapses still occur. While chromosomal aberrations and/or clonal immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements may indicate risk of failure, a more universal approach was developed to detect @entity1 ( @entity1 ). @entity0 /adolescents with intermediate-risk @entity3 were treated with French-British-American/Lymphome Malins de Burkitt 96 ( @entity2 modified chemotherapy and rituximab. Specimens from diagnosis, end of induction (EOI), and end of therapy (EOT) were assayed for @entity1 . Initial specimens were screened for IGHV family usage with primer pools followed by individual primers to identify @entity1 . Thirty-two diagnostic/staging specimens screened positive with primer pools and unique IGHV family primers were identified. Two @entity0 relapsed; first relapse (4 months from diagnosis) was @entity1 -positive at EOI, the second (36 months from diagnosis) was @entity1 -positive at EOT. At EOI, recurrent rates were similar between the @entity4 -positive and @entity4 -negative @entity0 (P = 0  40). At EOT, only 13/32 @entity0 had @entity4 data available with one relapse in the @entity4 -positive group and no recurrences in the @entity4 -negative group (P = 0  077). The study demonstrated molecular-disseminated disease in which IgIGHV primer pools could be used to assess @entity1 . This feasibility study supports future investigations to assess the validity and significance of @entity1 screening in a larger cohort of @entity0 with intermediate-risk mature @entity3 .

title: Minimal disease assessment in the treatment of @entity0 and adolescents with intermediate-risk (Stage III/IV) @entity3 : a XXXX 's oncology group report.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The main aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term effects of daily eccentric exercises on functional @entity0 -free hand strength in subjects with long-term @entity1 . Forty-two subjects with @entity1 were randomly assigned either to a 6-week home exercise regimen receiving eccentric training for their wrist extensors and a forearm band or to a control group receiving a forearm band only. The main outcomes were @entity0 and wrist-extensor strength at mid- and end-intervention follow-ups, 3 and 6 weeks after inclusion, respectively. Secondary outcomes were a change in the proportion of cases with epicondylalgia and ratings of perceived @entity0 (VAS) at follow-up. Thirty-seven (88%) subjects completed both the mid- and the end-intervention follow-up. Exercise members had significantly higher @entity0 (P=0.025) and wrist-extensor strength (P<0.001) at the end of follow-up, although there was no such effect at mid-intervention. Regression analysis showed a reduction in the proportion of cases in the exercise group at the end of follow-up (P=0.035). However, no between-groups effect emerged for perceived @entity0 . These data suggest that the daily home eccentric exercise regimen is effective in increasing functional @entity0 -free grip strength and reducing cases suffering from @entity1 . However, no effect emerged for global perceived @entity0 during the last week.

title: Effects of eccentric training on hand strength in subjects with XXXX : a randomized-controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surface-Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) is a frequently used technique for @entity2 biomarker research. The specificity of biomarkers detected by SELDI can be influenced by concomitant @entity3 . This study aimed to increase detection accuracy using a two-stage analysis process. METHODS: Sera from 118 @entity1 @entity0 , 72 healthy individuals, and 31 @entity0 with @entity3 were randomly divided into training and testing groups by 3:2 ratio. In the training group, the traditional method of using SELDI profile analysis to directly distinguish @entity1 @entity0 from sera was used. The two-stage analysis of distinguishing the healthy @entity0 and non-healthy @entity0 (1st-stage) and then differentiating @entity2 @entity0 from @entity3 @entity0 (2nd-stage) to minimize the influence of @entity3 was validated in the test group. RESULTS: In the test group, the one-stage method had 87.2% sensitivity, 37.5% specificity, and 64.4% accuracy. The two-stage method had lower sensitivity (> 70.1%) but statistically higher specificity (80%) and accuracy (74.7%). The predominantly expressed protein peak at 11480 Da was the primary splitter regardless of one- or two-stage analysis. This peak was suspected to be @entity4 ( @entity4 ) due to the similar m/z countered around this area. This hypothesis was further tested using an @entity4 ELISA assay. CONCLUSIONS: Inflammatory disease can severely interfere with the detection accuracy of SELDI profiles for @entity1 . Using a two-stage training process will improve the specificity and accuracy of detecting @entity1 .

title: Improving Detection Accuracy of XXXX Serum Proteomic Profiling via Two-Stage Training Process.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: National @entity1 Network practice guidelines indicate that pelvic lymph node dissection can be omitted at radical cystectomy in elderly @entity0 . We examined the pelvic lymph node dissection rate in @entity0 80 years old or older and the impact of pelvic lymph node dissection on @entity1 specific and overall mortality in these @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined the records of 11,183 @entity0 treated with radical cystectomy in 17 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results registries. We performed univariate and multivariate @entity2 regression analysis to test the effect of pelvic lymph node dissection on @entity1 specific and overall mortality. RESULTS: Overall pelvic lymph node dissection was omitted in 25% of @entity0 , including 24.2% younger than 80 years and 30.8% 80 years old or older (p <0.001). The 5-year rate of freedom from @entity1 specific mortality for pelvic lymph node dissection vs no pelvic lymph node dissection was 62.5% vs 59.9% in @entity0 younger than 80 years, and 50.0% vs 46.1% in those 80 years old or older (p = 0.01 and 0.005, respectively). The 5-year rate of freedom from overall mortality for the same categories was 48.8% vs 43.9% and 28.3% vs 24.7% (p <0.001 and 0.01, respectively). On multivariate analysis omitting pelvic lymph node dissection was associated with a 1.3-fold higher @entity1 specific rate at ages less than 80 and 80 years or greater (each p <0.001). Omitting pelvic lymph node dissection was also associated with a 1.3-fold higher overall mortality rate, including 1.3 at ages less than 80 years and 1.2-fold at ages 80 years or greater (each p  <=0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate that pelvic lymph node dissection was more often omitted in @entity0 80 years old or older than in those younger than 80 years. However, the protective effect of pelvic lymph node dissection on @entity1 specific and overall mortality was virtually the same in the 2 age categories. Thus, advanced age should not be a limiting factor for performing pelvic lymph node dissection at radical cystectomy.

title: The importance of pelvic lymph node dissection in the elderly population: implications for interpreting the 2010 National XXXX Network practice guidelines for bladder cancer treatment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Optimal care for most @entity0 with advanced @entity2 generally includes both surgery and chemotherapy. Little is known about the proportion of @entity0 in the US who receive combination care or the sequence in which this care is delivered. This study evaluated patterns of care, frequency of completion of recommended therapy and factors associated with sequencing of therapy. METHODS: Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End-Results data we identified a cohort of 8211 @entity0 aged 65 and above with stage III/IV epithelial @entity2 diagnosed between 1995 and 2005. Receipt of chemotherapy or surgery was identified using Medicare claims. Logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with sequencing of treatment and the receipt of surgery. RESULTS: 3241 (39.1%) had surgery and at least 6 cycles of chemotherapy in either order. Surgery was performed initially in 4827 (58.8%) @entity0 and 3658/4827 (75.8%) had subsequent chemotherapy. 2017 (24.6%) had primary chemotherapy and 649/2017 (32.2%) of these @entity0 had subsequent surgery. Advanced age, African American race, stage IV disease, non-married status and increasing medical comorbidity were all associated with the failure to receive both surgery and at least 6 cycles of chemotherapy (all p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity0 with advanced @entity2 in the Medicare population do not receive both combination therapy with surgery and at least 6 cycles of chemotherapy. A large proportion of @entity0 are receiving chemotherapy as primary treatment for advanced @entity2 , and the majority of these @entity0 do not have @entity1 -directed surgery.

title: Trends in treatment of XXXX in the Medicare population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Sperm membrane integrity (SMI) is thought to be an important measure of stallion sperm quality. The objective was to compare three methods for evaluating SMI: flow cytometry using @entity3 / @entity2 (PI) stain; an automated cell counting device using PI stain; and @entity1 -nigrosin stain. Raw @entity0 semen was subjected to various treatments containing 20 to 80% seminal plasma in extender, with differing sperm concentrations, to simulate spontaneous loss of SMI. The SMI was assessed immediately, and after 1 and 2 d of cooled storage. Agreement between methods was determined according to Bland-Altman methodology. @entity1 -nigrosin staining yielded higher (2%) overall mean values for SMI than did flow cytometry. Flow cytometry yielded higher (6%) overall mean values for SMI than did the automated cell counter. As percentage of membrane-damaged sperm increased, agreement of SMI measurement between methods decreased. When semen contained 50-79% membrane-intact sperm, the 95% limits of agreement between SMI determined by flow cytometry and @entity1 -nigrosin staining were greater (range = -26.9 to 24.3%; i.e., a 51.2% span) than for SMI determined by flow cytometry and the automated cell counter (range = -3.1 to 17.0%; 20.1% span). When sperm populations contained <50% membrane-intact sperm, the 95% limits of agreement between SMI determined by flow cytometry and @entity1 -nigrosin staining were greater (range = -35.9 to 19.0%; 54.9% span) than for SMI determined by flow cytometry and the automated cell counter (range = -11.6 to 28.7%; 40.3% span). We concluded that @entity1 -nigrosin staining assessments of percent membrane-intact sperm agreed less with flow cytometry when <80% of sperm had intact membranes, whereas automated cell counter assessments of percent membrane-intact sperm agreed less with flow cytometry when <30% of sperm had intact membranes.

title: Comparison of methods for assessing integrity of XXXX sperm membranes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Thirty evaluated @entity0 were randomized to either continuous radiation + @entity3 (16 @entity0 ), or split-course radiation + @entity3 (14 @entity0 ) for the treatment of residual, recurrent, or inoperable @entity2 or recto-sigmoid. Twenty-one of these @entity0 received maintenance @entity4 + @entity3 chemotherapy following radiation. Entry was terminated when late treatment reactions were seen in the precursor pilot study. Twenty-four of the @entity0 have died; the estimated median survival is 17 months in each of the treatment arms. Performance status was the only significant prognostic factor for survival. The rate of severe, acute reactions during the radiation treatment period was higher for the continuous-course than for the split-course regimen (69 vs. 21%, p = .01). The rates of severe late treatment reactions, 23% (7 of 30), and severe chemotherapy @entity1 , 48%, were similar for the two treatment programs. Late treatment reactions, primarily bowel complications, were seen from 3 to 23 months after radiation in 3 @entity0 treated with continuous course, and 4 @entity0 treated with split course. Ten of 21 @entity0 (48%) who received maintenance chemotherapy had severe or worse @entity1 . @entity1 was seen for 6 of 12 continuous-course, and 4 of 9 split-course @entity0 . Twenty-seven @entity0 have had disease progression, and the median length of disease control is 11 months.

title: Combination chemo-radiotherapy for residual, recurrent or inoperable XXXX : E.C.O.G. study (EST 3276).

answer: @entity2


abstract: Enzymes of @entity0 metabolism were assayed in crude cell extracts of Frankia strains HFPArI3 and HFPCcI2 as well as in isolated vesicle clusters from Alnus rubra root nodules. Activities of the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas pathway enzymes @entity11 , phosphofructokinase, and @entity4 kinase were found in Frankia strain HFPArI3 and @entity11 and @entity4 kinase were found in Frankia strain HFPCcI2 and in the vesicle clusters. An @entity1 +-linked @entity6 dehydrogenase and an @entity3 -linked @entity12 dehydrogenase were found in all of the extracts, although the role of these enzymes is unclear. No @entity1 +-linked @entity12 dehydrogenase was found. Both dehydrogenases were inhibited by @entity8 , and the apparent Km's for @entity6 and @entity12 were 6.86 X 10(-4) and 7.0 X 10(-5) M, respectively. In addition to the enzymes mentioned above, an @entity1 +-linked malic enzyme was detected in the pure cultures but not in the vesicle clusters. In contrast, however, the vesicle clusters had activity of an @entity3 -linked malic enzyme. The possibility that this enzyme resulted from contamination from plant mitochondria trapped in the vesicle clusters could not be discounted. None of the extracts showed activities of the Entner-Doudoroff enzymes or the @entity10 metabolism enzymes @entity10 dehydrogenase or gluconokinase. @entity7 - versus @entity9 -grown cultures of strain HFPArI3 showed similar activities of most enzymes except malic enzyme, which was higher in the cultures grown on the organic acid. @entity2 -fixing cultures of strain HFPArI3 showed higher specific activities of @entity6 and @entity12 dehydrogenases and phosphofructokinase than @entity5 -grown cultures.

title: Enzymes of XXXX metabolism in Frankia sp.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We evaluated the cases of twenty-three @entity0 with thirty-six congenital proximal radio-ulnar synostoses who had been followed between 1938 and 1984. None of the @entity0 had had any attempt at surgical correction or any ipsilateral @entity1 . Emphasis was placed on analyzing the natural history of the lesion in these @entity0 who had not been operated on, and on determining the effect of a fixed position of the forearm on function. Ten @entity0 had unilateral and thirteen, @entity2 . Their mean age when last examined was twenty-two years (range, three to fifty years). Eight @entity0 were female and fifteen, male. The forearms were fixed in an average of 30 degrees of pronation. The position of the forearm was not found to be related to subjective functional limitations, employment status, or the results of the hand-function test of Jebsen et al. Most @entity0 had few or no functional limitations, and were employed in jobs that demanded extensive use of the forearm. Contrary to the findings of other studies, we observed four distinct radiographic patterns based on the presence of an osseous @entity2 and the position of the radial head. However, we noted no relationship between any of these patterns and function. We concluded that operative treatment of @entity3 is rarely indicated, that less emphasis should be placed on the single factor of the position of the forearm, and that objective functional tests should be included in the assessment of these @entity0 .

title: Congenital proximal radio-ulnar XXXX . Natural history and functional assessment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is one of the commonest severe @entity1 , but specific treatments are lacking and the pathophysiology remains unclear. Affected individuals account for well over 250,000 births yearly, mostly in the Tropics, the USA, and the Caribbean, also in Northern Europe as well. Incidence in the UK amounts to around 12-15,000 individuals and is increasing, with approximately 300 @entity2 babies born each year as well as with arrival of new immigrants. About two thirds of @entity2 @entity0 are homozygous HbSS individuals. @entity0 heterozygous for HbS and HbC (HbSC) constitute about a third of @entity2 cases, making this the second most common form of @entity2 , with approximately 80,000 births per year worldwide. Disease in these @entity0 shows differences from that in homozygous HbSS individuals. Their red blood cells (RBCs), containing approximately equal amounts of HbS and HbC, are also likely to show differences in properties which may contribute to disease outcome. Nevertheless, little is known about the behaviour of RBCs from HbSC heterozygotes. This paper reviews what is known about @entity2 in HbSC individuals and will compare the properties of their RBCs with those from homozygous HbSS @entity0 . Important areas of similarity and potential differences will be emphasised.

title: The Properties of Red Blood Cells from XXXX Heterozygous for HbS and HbC (HbSC Genotype).

answer: @entity0


abstract: The growth of brown bullhead (BB) fish cells and other poikilothermic cell lines on four commercially available brands of microcarrier beads was evaluated. Three of the microcarriers carry a positive surface charge, while the fourth carries a negative surface charge. The four microcarriers vary in their capacity to support the growth of the BB cells and other poikilothermic cell lines tested. The @entity1 beads by Bio-Rad and the @entity0 beads by Nunc were found to best support the growth of the anchorage-dependent BB cells. Although the DEAE-dextran beads by Flow Laboratories were also found to be satisfactory, similar Cytodex 1 beads by Pharmacia, were found to support the growth of BB cells poorly. Both the @entity1 and @entity0 beads were found to be satisfactory for reuse after resterilization. In contrast, the DEAE-dextran beads were unsatisfactory since they sustained obvious mechanical damage. The BB growth rate and final cell density in microcarrier culture were dependent on the concentration of beads in culture and of the size of the initial cell inoculum. In terms of cell yield per milliliter of culture medium the microcarrier culture was superior to conventional stationary cultures. Microcarrier spinner cultures of BB cells consistently produced higher yields of @entity2 than conventional monolayers of the same cells. Two important advantages of the microcarrier system are its suitability for large scale as well as small scale production of both cells and virus.

title: Growth of brown bullhead (BB) and other fish cell lines on microcarriers and the production of XXXX ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: A 56-year-old male was admitted with symptoms of @entity8 , @entity3 and weight loss of 2 weeks duration. Examination revealed @entity6 which was confirmed by computed tomography (CT). CT images also revealed filling defects in the portal vein and intrahepatic branches consistent with @entity5 and @entity7 . Alkaline phosphatase was elevated at 688 units, all other investigations, including full blood count, coagulation screen and @entity1 markers, were normal. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography did not reveal any mass in the porta hepatis. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy were normal. Liver biopsy was normal and did not reveal any evidence of @entity4 . The raised alkaline phosphatase settled to reference range over a period of 3 weeks. @entity2 screen was negative. Contrast CT of the abdomen performed after 4 weeks displayed revascularisation of the previously thrombosed portal vein and intrahepatic branches. The @entity0 has remained asymptomatic since and we note spontaneous recanalisation of the previously occluded portal vein.

title: Spontaneous resolution of portal vein XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The cells in the dorsal column nuclei, lumbosacral spinal cord, lateral cervical nucleus, and nucleus z that project to the medial accessory portion of the inferior olive of @entity0 were identified with retrograde tracing techniques. Injections of @entity2 germ agglutinin complexed to horseradish @entity3 were made in the caudal portion of the medial accessory olive, either (1) involving no portion of the dorsal accessory olive or (2) involving in addition the caudal tip of the dorsal accessory olive. The tissue was processed with @entity4 . The locations of all relay neurons were compared with those of dorsal accessory olive projection neurons, as described in a previous study (Molinari, '84a). Localized populations of neurons gave rise to most of the projection to the medial accessory olive. These neurons were found in the peripheral portions of the dorsal column nuclei caudal to the obex and in the ventromedial ventral horn of the entire @entity1 . Few projection neurons were found in the lateral cervical nucleus and none in the nucleus z. Neurons in the peripheral dorsal column nuclei and ventromedial ventral horn were labeled by injections in either the medial or dorsal accessory olives. Following medial accessory olive injections, however, they constituted the only labeled somatosensory neurons, while following dorsal accessory olive injections they represented only a small fraction of the labeled neurons. Based on their locations, it is proposed that these neurons might be the source for both the medial and dorsal accessory olives of information signalling movement of the proximal limb. Such a proposal is consistent with functional descriptions of the medial and dorsal accessory olives and the cerebellar anterior lobe.

title: Ascending somatosensory projections to the medial accessory portion of the inferior olive: a retrograde study in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Bed quilts filled with silk waste were found to cause nightly attacks of @entity1 . The first symptoms appeared on an average after 7 mo of exposure at a mean @entity0 age of 30 yr. About 50% of the @entity0 could be classified as atopic. Extract of the filling material revealed positive scratch and RAST tests in most @entity0 . The bed quilts were advertised as being filled with pure wild silk (from @entity2 of the genus Antheraea feeding on oak leaves), but it was found that in most cases the filling also included waste of cultivated silk ( @entity2 ). The origin of the allergen was sought. Since textile products of silk are considered to be practically nonallergenic, some type of contaminant appeared the most likely candidate. No allergen was found in cocoons, chrysalis (pupa), or moths of Antheraea. However, some cocoons of @entity2 , usually in small amounts, and excretions of the @entity2 did contain allergen. High concentrations of allergen were found in an extract of living insects of the genus Anthrenus that was present in one batch of @entity2 cocoons. Thus, the silk waste appeared to be contaminated with material from the @entity2 and also with infesting insects, which together create a very potent allergen repertoire that after a short incubation time, in a considerable frequency, elicits a rise in asthmatic symptoms and high serum IgE antibody levels.

title: Nightly XXXX caused by allergens in silk-filled bed quilts: clinical and immunologic studies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 in older @entity0 have increasingly been recognized as a distinct @entity2 type and subset of these @entity0 are considered for surgical resection. This study compares histopathology and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially focusing the difference between the cortical grey matter and the subcortical white matter to understand the extensive @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity1 . We examined 22 @entity0 consisting of 11 @entity0 with @entity1 and 11 with partial @entity2 . Scalp video electroencephalography (EEG) showed interictal generalized @entity1 (9 @entity0 with @entity1 vs. 1 with partial @entity2 ) and ictal generalized @entity1 (10 vs. 3). We found @entity3 in a single lobe (6 vs. 7) and multiple lobes (2 vs. 1). Surgical resections were performed across multiple lobes (9 vs. 2), comparing within a single lobe (2 vs. 9), (p<0.001). Histopathology showed abnormal cortical organizations as FCD (2 vs. 5) and microdysgenesis (4 vs. 4), normal (4 vs. 1). Two @entity0 with @entity1 showed hyaline proteoplasmic astrocytopathy. There were heterotopic neurons (10 vs. 10), cluster of oligodendroglia (8 vs. 7), balloon cells (2 vs. 5) and blurred myelination (1 vs. 4), in the white matter. @entity2 -free outcomes were seen in seven @entity0 with @entity1 (64%) and four with partial @entity2 (36%). The multilobar epileptogenic zones existed in @entity0 with @entity1 , compared with the focal epileptogenic zone in @entity0 with partial @entity2 . There was no difference of MRI and histopathology findings in cortex and subcortical white matter between two groups.

title: Histopathology of cortex and white matter in pediatric @entity1 : comparison with those of partial XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 in older @entity0 have increasingly been recognized as a distinct @entity2 type and subset of these @entity0 are considered for surgical resection. This study compares histopathology and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), especially focusing the difference between the cortical grey matter and the subcortical white matter to understand the extensive @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity1 . We examined 22 @entity0 consisting of 11 @entity0 with @entity1 and 11 with partial @entity2 . Scalp video electroencephalography (EEG) showed interictal generalized @entity1 (9 @entity0 with @entity1 vs. 1 with partial @entity2 ) and ictal generalized @entity1 (10 vs. 3). We found @entity3 in a single lobe (6 vs. 7) and multiple lobes (2 vs. 1). Surgical resections were performed across multiple lobes (9 vs. 2), comparing within a single lobe (2 vs. 9), (p<0.001). Histopathology showed abnormal cortical organizations as FCD (2 vs. 5) and microdysgenesis (4 vs. 4), normal (4 vs. 1). Two @entity0 with @entity1 showed hyaline proteoplasmic astrocytopathy. There were heterotopic neurons (10 vs. 10), cluster of oligodendroglia (8 vs. 7), balloon cells (2 vs. 5) and blurred myelination (1 vs. 4), in the white matter. @entity2 -free outcomes were seen in seven @entity0 with @entity1 (64%) and four with partial @entity2 (36%). The multilobar epileptogenic zones existed in @entity0 with @entity1 , compared with the focal epileptogenic zone in @entity0 with partial @entity2 . There was no difference of MRI and histopathology findings in cortex and subcortical white matter between two groups.

title: Histopathology of cortex and white matter in pediatric XXXX : comparison with those of partial @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) represents the most aggressive @entity3 in the adult population. Despite recent research efforts, the prognosis of @entity1 with @entity4 has remained dismal. Lately, the knowledge of genetic information about gliomagenesis has increased; we even have a classification of the genetic expression of the @entity2 . The main problem is that at the moment we do not have any therapeutical resources to help us better treat these @entity2 , as we can do, with others @entity2 like @entity0 . We have also improved on diagnostic imaging, especially with the new MRI sequences; we can now better define the characteristics of the @entity2 area and the surrounding brain structures, allowing us to adjust resections. Thanks to the most advanced surgery techniques, such as neuronavigation, intraoperative control of the nervous function and the @entity2 volume, the neurosurgeon is able to complete @entity2 exeresis with less morbidity. These imaging techniques allow the radiation oncologist to better contour the irradiation target volume, the structures and the organs at risk, to diminish the irradiation of apparently healthy tissue. Nowadays, knowledge of brain stem cells provides new expectations for future treatments. Novel targeted agents such as bevacizumab, @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity8 , immunotherapy, cilengitide, talampanel, etc. are helping classical chemotherapeutic agents, like @entity6 , to achieve an increase in overall survival. The main objective is to improve median overall survival, which is currently between 9 and 12 months, with a good quality of life, measured by the ability to carry out daily life activities.

title: XXXX : changing expectations?

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We recently reported that adolescent and young adult offspring of parents with @entity2 (OBD), relative to control offspring, were more likely to engage in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The present prospective study aimed to determine the contribution of parents' personality and offspring behaviour problems in middle childhood to offspring @entity1 10  years later. We hypothesized that offspring externalizing problems in childhood would mediate the relationship between parents' personality traits of @entity3 and agreeableness and adolescent @entity1 . Furthermore, we expected these associations to be more robust among the OBD than controls. At baseline, 102 offspring (52 OBD and 50 controls) aged between 4 and 14  years were assessed along with their parents, who completed a self-report personality measure and @entity0 behavior rating. Behaviour ratings were also obtained from the @entity0 's teachers. Ten years later the offspring completed an interview assessing @entity1 . Mediation analyses using bootstrapping revealed that, after controlling for age and presence of an @entity4 , externalizing behaviors served as a pathway through which high parental @entity3 , low parental agreeableness, and low parental extraversion were related to @entity1 in offspring. Moderated mediation analyses revealed that the relationship between parental @entity3 and childhood externalizing problems was stronger for OBD than controls. These findings add to our previous results showing parents' personality contributes to intergenerational risk transfer through @entity1 in middle childhood. These results carry implications for optimal timing of preventative interventions in the OBD.

title: Sexual Risk Behaviors in the Adolescent Offspring of Parents with XXXX : Prospective Associations with Parents' Personality and Externalizing Behavior in Childhood.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Regional recurrence is common following surgery for @entity3 @entity2 (SCC). @entity1 depth >4.0 mm is commonly assigned as an indication for prophylactic neck dissection to improve regional control. Prophylactic neck dissection may detect extracapsular extension, a poor prognostic sign where adjuvant chemotherapy is indicated. The hypothesis in this study is that regional recurrence is a significant problem in 2.1- to 4.0-mm-depth @entity1 , and detection of extracapsular extension may be important in this group. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: Australian tertiary referral center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Review of all @entity0 with @entity3 oral tongue SCC treated surgically between January 1991 and January 2009 (n = 81). RESULTS: Twenty-nine prophylactic and 5 therapeutic neck dissections followed for a median 34 months (range, 4-132 months). @entity1 depths were 0 to 2.0 mm (n = 15), 2.1 to 4.0 mm (n = 18), 4.1 to 7.0 mm (n = 26), and >7.0 mm (n = 22). @entity1 2.1 to 4.0 mm depth had similar rates of occult nodes as 4.1 to 7.0 mm depth (25% vs 20%). Regional recurrence occurred in 31% overall, 44% in @entity1 2.1 to 4.0 mm, and 27% in @entity1 4.1 to 7.0 mm depth. Prophylactic neck dissection reduced regional recurrence (17% vs 43%, P = .02). @entity0 with pathologically negative necks had lower rates of regional recurrence than those with occult nodes (9% vs 50%, P < .01). Extracapsular extension increased regional recurrence (43% vs 7%, P = .02), including 25% of dissected necks with @entity1 depth 2.1 to 4.0 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Regional recurrence is a significant problem in 2.1- to 4.0-mm-depth @entity3 @entity1 . Prophylactic neck dissection may improve regional control in @entity0 with adequate primary resection margins and determine need for adjuvant therapies in 2.1- to 4.0-mm-depth @entity1 .

title: Prophylactic neck dissection in early XXXX 2.1 to 4.0 mm depth.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This was a pilot study to establish a protein difference between @entity3 fluid relative to oral saliva, in order to differentiate @entity0 with residual thyroglossal cyst from those with salivary fistula in the case of post-Sistrunk procedure incisional drainage. Past immunohistochemistry studies on archived tissue blocks from post-Sistrunk procedure @entity0 have shown @entity1 to have elevated concentrations in thyroglossal duct relative to salivary tissue; secretory @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was also chosen as a candidate protein based on previously published reports of its increased concentration in saliva relative to respiratory secretions. DESIGN: Diagnostic tests were assessed. Thyroglossal duct cyst fluid and oral saliva were obtained from 12 @entity0 . Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was then performed on the samples to identify the presence of @entity1 and @entity2 . SETTING: Tertiary care hospital. SUBJECTS: @entity0 fluid samples were taken immediately postoperatively for @entity0 undergoing Sistrunk procedure at one institution. Presence of @entity3 was confirmed in all cases by pathology. RESULTS: Seven of 12 @entity3 fluid samples were shown to have elevated absorbance with ELISA for @entity1 . In experiments for @entity2 , 10 of the 12 saliva samples had elevated absorbance compared with thyroglossal duct fluid samples obtained from the same @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 is an accurate identifier of saliva compared with thyroglossal duct fluid in secreted samples obtained from the same @entity0 .

title: XXXX defines secretions from salivary tissue in post-Sistrunk procedure drainage.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine a long term function of tibial tuberosity advancement (TTA) for treatment of @entity1 (CCL) in @entity0 , and to compare this to the long term function of previously reported @entity2 ( @entity2 ), extracapsular reconstruction (ECR), and a population of normal @entity0 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical trial. ANIMALS: @entity0 with unilateral ruptured CCL treated with TTA (n   =   14), @entity2 (n   =   15), and ECR (n   =   23), and normal adult @entity0 (control, n   =   80). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Force plate gait analysis was performed at 1 time point for the normal control group and preoperatively, and at 2 and 8 weeks and 6 and 12 months postoperatively for the treatment groups. Using serial force plates, symmetry indices (SI) were calculated between the operated and unoperated pelvic limbs for peak vertical force (PVF), contact time (CT), and vertical impulse (VI). Ground reaction forces (GRF) of the treatment and control group were compared using a general linear model. RESULTS: Walk SI for @entity0 with TTA were not significantly different from the control group at 12 months postoperatively. At the trot, neither TTA nor ECR achieved normal GRF. SI of the @entity2 group were not different from the normal control group by 6-12 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: At the walk, TTA achieves normal function by 12 months; however, at the trot TTA is indistinguishable from ECR. @entity2 resulted in operated limb function that was similar to the control population by 6-12 months postoperatively at the walk and the trot.

title: Long Term Functional Outcome of Tibial Tuberosity Advancement vs. Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy and Extracapsular Repair in a Heterogeneous Population of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Transplantation of @entity0 mesenchymal stem cells has been shown to reduce @entity7 size and improve functional outcome in animal models of @entity4 . Here, we report a study designed to assess feasibility and safety of transplantation of autologous @entity0 mesenchymal stem cells expanded in autologous human serum in @entity4 @entity0 . We report an unblinded study on 12 @entity0 with ischaemic grey matter, white matter and mixed lesions, in contrast to a prior study on autologous mesenchymal stem cells expanded in foetal calf serum that focused on grey matter lesions. Cells cultured in human serum expanded more rapidly than in foetal calf serum, reducing cell preparation time and risk of transmissible disorders such as @entity5 spongiform @entity10 . Autologous mesenchymal stem cells were delivered intravenously 36-133 days post- @entity4 . All @entity0 had magnetic resonance angiography to identify @entity6 , and magnetic resonance imaging prior to cell infusion and at intervals up to 1 year after. Magnetic resonance perfusion-imaging and 3D-tractography were carried out in some @entity0 . Neurological status was scored using the National Institutes of Health @entity4 Scale and modified Rankin scores. We did not observe any @entity9 , abnormal cell growths or @entity2 , and there was no evidence for @entity8 , systemic @entity1 in any of the @entity0 following stem cell infusion. The median daily rate of National Institutes of Health @entity4 Scale change was 0.36 during the first week post-infusion, compared with a median daily rate of change of 0.04 from the first day of testing to immediately before infusion. Daily rates of change in National Institutes of Health @entity4 Scale scores during longer post-infusion intervals that more closely matched the interval between initial scoring and cell infusion also showed an increase following cell infusion. Mean lesion volume as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging was reduced by >20% at 1 week post-cell infusion. While we would emphasize that the current study was unblinded, did not assess overall function or relative functional importance of different @entity3 , and does not exclude placebo effects or a contribution of recovery as a result of the natural history of @entity4 , our observations provide evidence supporting the feasibility and safety of delivery of a relatively large dose of autologous mesenchymal @entity0 stem cells, cultured in autologous human serum, into @entity0 subjects with @entity4 and support the need for additional blinded, placebo-controlled studies on autologous mesenchymal @entity0 stem cell infusion in @entity4 .

title: Intravenous administration of auto serum-expanded autologous mesenchymal stem cells in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Approximately one-third of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 have symptoms resistant to proton pump inhibitor (PPI). We used the high-resolution manometry (HRM) and multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH (MII-pH) monitoring to investigate potential predictors of PPI failure in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 . METHODS: One hundred and seventeen @entity1 @entity0 were included, within which there were 44 PPI failure @entity0 . The symptomatic questionnaire GerdQ, HRM and 24-hour MII-pH monitoring were performed before PPI therapy. PPI failure was defined as persistent reflux symptoms for more than 1 day during the last week on @entity2 (20 mg twice daily) for continuous 4 weeks. The predictors for PPI failure were investigated by multivariable logistic regression analysis. KEY RESULTS: Proton pump inhibitor failure @entity0 had lower body mass index (BMI) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) symptoms. PPI failure @entity0 had a higher percentage of type I esophagogastric junction (EGJ) morphology (p = 0.005), increased EGJ augmentation (p = 0.000), higher prevalence of @entity4 (p = 0.005) and a higher ratio of negative symptom index (SI, p = 0.000). Multivariable regression analysis showed that concomitance of @entity3 symptoms, EGJ augmentation and negative SI were independent risk factors for PPI failure in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS _ INFERENCES: Approximately half of PPI failure @entity0 were found to have @entity4 in HRM. The independent risk factors for PPI failure in @entity1 were concomitant @entity3 symptoms, increased EGJ augmentation and negative SI.

title: Predictors of proton pump inhibitor failure in XXXX : A study with impedance-pH monitoring and high-resolution manometry.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Previous studies revealed a close relationship between @entity2 length and recanalization rate after @entity5 ( @entity5 ). As a novel approach, we prospectively adjusted the order of sequence acquisition to obtain delayed @entity3 -enhanced T1 (dGE-T1) and thereby assess @entity2 length on dGE-T1 to evaluate its predictive value for recanalization after @entity5 . METHODS: We reviewed prospectively collected clinical and imaging data from acute @entity1 @entity0 with @entity4 who underwent multimodal magnetic resonance imaging before and 24 hours after @entity5 . Perfusion-weighted imaging was performed followed by conventional T1. We measured @entity2 length on dGE-T1 and examined its association with middle cerebral artery recanalization. RESULTS: Of the included 74 @entity0 , the median age was 66 years and 28 (37.8%) were @entity0 . @entity2 length was 8.18  4.56 mm on dGE-T1, which was an acceptable predictor for no recanalization (odds ratio, 1.196; 95% confidence interval, 1.015-1.409; P=0.033), with a receiver-operator characteristic of 0.732 (95% confidence interval, 0.619-0.845; P=0.001). The optimal cut-off point was identified at 6.77 mm, which yielded a sensitivity of 77.8%, a specificity of 57.9%, and an odds ratio of 4.81 (95% confidence interval, 1.742-13.292; P=0.002). Moreover, no one achieved recanalization after @entity5 when length of @entity2 exceeded 14 mm on dGE-T1. CONCLUSIONS: The dGE-T1, obtained by simply adjusting scanning order in multimodal magnetic resonance imaging protocol, is a useful tool for @entity2 length estimation and middle cerebral artery recanalization prediction after @entity5 .

title: XXXX Length Estimation on Delayed Gadolinium-Enhanced T1.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been shown to improve @entity1 , lung volumes (vital capacity [VC] and total lung capacity [TLC]), work capacity, and power output in @entity0 who are healthy; however, no data exist that demonstrate the effect of varying intensities of @entity1 to produce these outcomes. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of @entity1 at varying intensities on @entity1 , VC, TLC, work capacity, and power output in @entity0 who are healthy. DESIGN: This was a randomized controlled trial. SETTING: The study was conducted in a clinical laboratory. @entity0 : Forty @entity0 who were healthy (mean age=21.7 years) were randomly assigned to 4 groups of 10 individuals. INTERVENTIONS: Three of the groups completed an 8-week program of @entity1 set at 80%, 60%, and 40% of sustained maximum inspiratory effort. Training was performed 3 days per week, with 24 hours separating training sessions. A control group did not participate in any form of training. MEASUREMENTS: Baseline and posttraining measurements of body composition, VC, TLC, @entity1 (including maximum inspiratory pressure [MIP] and sustained maximum inspiratory pressure [SMIP]), work capacity (minutes of exercise), and power output were obtained. RESULTS: The @entity0 in the 80%, 60%, and 40% training groups demonstrated significant increases in MIP and SMIP, whereas those in the 80% and 60% training groups had increased work capacity and power output. Only the 80% group improved their VC and TLC. The control group demonstrated no change in any outcome measures. LIMITATIONS: This study may have been underpowered to demonstrate improved work capacity and power output in individuals who trained at 40% of sustained maximum inspiratory effort. CONCLUSION: High-intensity @entity1 set at 80% of maximal effort resulted in increased MIP and SMIP, lung volumes, work capacity, and power output in individuals who were healthy, whereas @entity1 at 60% of maximal effort increased work capacity and power output only. @entity1 intensities lower than 40% of maximal effort do not translate into quantitative functional outcomes.

title: Effect of inspiratory muscle training intensities on pulmonary function and work capacity in XXXX who are healthy: a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Recent studies show that leukotrienes ( @entity9 ) produce profound coronary artery constriction. Although @entity3 entry blockers are commonly used to remedy coronary vasospasm, their capacity to interfere with LT-mediated coronary constriction is unknown. Therefore, we compared effects of intracoronary LTD4 before and during treatment with @entity3 entry blockers in the in situ, blood-perfused hearts of @entity8 . Intravenous administration of @entity6 (0.1-1.6 mg/kg), @entity4 (10 or 100 micrograms/kg) or @entity7 (0.6-2.0 mg/kg) sufficient to increase base-line @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and decrease mean arterial pressure did not change decrement in @entity1 after LTD4. Infusion of @entity6 (0.01-0.04 mg/min) into the left anterior descending coronary artery raised pre-LTD4 @entity1 almost 2-fold without alteration in mean arterial pressure, heart rate or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Intracoronary boluses of LTD4 (0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 micrograms) during @entity6 infusion into the same vessel caused dose-dependent decreases in @entity1 identical to those observed when LTD4 was injected during control infusion. ECGs showed @entity5 during severe @entity2 after high dose intracoronary LTD4 (3.0 or 10.0 micrograms). When the same LTD4 doses were injected during intracoronary @entity6 , electrocardiographic changes did not occur despite similar decreases in @entity1 . The capacity of @entity6 to prevent LTD4-induced @entity0 may be caused by higher residual @entity1 after LTD4 even though the magnitude of LTD4-induced @entity1 decrement was unaltered. LTD4-induced coronary constriction seems to be mediated by a mechanism unrelated to @entity3 entry channels blocked by @entity6 , @entity4 or @entity7 .

title: Effects of @entity3 entry blockers on coronary constriction and XXXX due to leukotriene D4.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Recent studies show that leukotrienes ( @entity9 ) produce profound coronary artery constriction. Although @entity3 entry blockers are commonly used to remedy coronary vasospasm, their capacity to interfere with LT-mediated coronary constriction is unknown. Therefore, we compared effects of intracoronary LTD4 before and during treatment with @entity3 entry blockers in the in situ, blood-perfused hearts of @entity8 . Intravenous administration of @entity6 (0.1-1.6 mg/kg), @entity4 (10 or 100 micrograms/kg) or @entity7 (0.6-2.0 mg/kg) sufficient to increase base-line @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and decrease mean arterial pressure did not change decrement in @entity1 after LTD4. Infusion of @entity6 (0.01-0.04 mg/min) into the left anterior descending coronary artery raised pre-LTD4 @entity1 almost 2-fold without alteration in mean arterial pressure, heart rate or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Intracoronary boluses of LTD4 (0.3, 1.0 and 3.0 micrograms) during @entity6 infusion into the same vessel caused dose-dependent decreases in @entity1 identical to those observed when LTD4 was injected during control infusion. ECGs showed @entity5 during severe @entity2 after high dose intracoronary LTD4 (3.0 or 10.0 micrograms). When the same LTD4 doses were injected during intracoronary @entity6 , electrocardiographic changes did not occur despite similar decreases in @entity1 . The capacity of @entity6 to prevent LTD4-induced @entity0 may be caused by higher residual @entity1 after LTD4 even though the magnitude of LTD4-induced @entity1 decrement was unaltered. LTD4-induced coronary constriction seems to be mediated by a mechanism unrelated to @entity3 entry channels blocked by @entity6 , @entity4 or @entity7 .

title: Effects of XXXX entry blockers on coronary constriction and @entity5 due to leukotriene D4.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The neural mechanisms whereby a reward-associated stimulus gains reinforcing properties and comes to function as a conditioned reward (CR) are not understood. We propose that muscarinic @entity1 (mACh) receptor stimulation is necessary for this type of learning. Here we tested the hypothesis that mACh receptor antagonism, with @entity2 , would attenuate the acquisition by a food-related stimulus of the capacity to function as a CR. @entity0 were exposed to 5 pre-exposure sessions during which two levers were present, one producing a light and the other a tone when pressed. This was followed by 3 conditioning sessions in which the levers were absent and the @entity0 were presented with 30 light-food @entity3 delivered randomly. In the test session, the levers were present and presses on both levers were recorded. Different groups of @entity0 received intraperitoneal injections of @entity2 (0, 0.375, 0.75 and 1mg/kg) either prior to each conditioning session or prior to the test session. All groups showed significantly greater responding on the light lever in the test compared to the pre-exposure sessions, demonstrating the CR effect. In animals treated prior to conditioning the @entity2 groups pressed significantly less on the light lever than the vehicle group. In animals treated prior to the test the increased lever pressing for light was similar for all groups. These data suggest that @entity2 impaired the acquisition of CR but not its expression. The results support the hypothesis that mACh receptor stimulation is important for the acquisition by reward-associated stimuli of the ability to function as CRs.

title: Treatment with a muscarinic XXXX receptor antagonist impairs the acquisition of conditioned reward learning in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The neural mechanisms whereby a reward-associated stimulus gains reinforcing properties and comes to function as a conditioned reward (CR) are not understood. We propose that muscarinic @entity1 (mACh) receptor stimulation is necessary for this type of learning. Here we tested the hypothesis that mACh receptor antagonism, with @entity2 , would attenuate the acquisition by a food-related stimulus of the capacity to function as a CR. @entity0 were exposed to 5 pre-exposure sessions during which two levers were present, one producing a light and the other a tone when pressed. This was followed by 3 conditioning sessions in which the levers were absent and the @entity0 were presented with 30 light-food @entity3 delivered randomly. In the test session, the levers were present and presses on both levers were recorded. Different groups of @entity0 received intraperitoneal injections of @entity2 (0, 0.375, 0.75 and 1mg/kg) either prior to each conditioning session or prior to the test session. All groups showed significantly greater responding on the light lever in the test compared to the pre-exposure sessions, demonstrating the CR effect. In animals treated prior to conditioning the @entity2 groups pressed significantly less on the light lever than the vehicle group. In animals treated prior to the test the increased lever pressing for light was similar for all groups. These data suggest that @entity2 impaired the acquisition of CR but not its expression. The results support the hypothesis that mACh receptor stimulation is important for the acquisition by reward-associated stimuli of the ability to function as CRs.

title: Treatment with a muscarinic @entity1 receptor antagonist impairs the acquisition of conditioned reward learning in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate whether short-term, intensive lipid therapy leads to changes in microvascular characteristics, as measured by using dynamic contrast material-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained for this HIPAA-compatible study. Subjects with established @entity2 or @entity3 of 15% or greater determined by using ultrasonography and with levels of apolipoprotein B of 120 mg/dL (1.2 g/L) or greater were enrolled in an ongoing study (clinical trial NCT00715273). All received intensive lipid therapy to achieve targeted high- and low-density lipoprotein @entity1 levels and underwent serial serum monitoring including high-sensitivity @entity5 (HsCRP) level measurements. Carotid artery MR imaging examinations including morphologic and DCE MR images were obtained at baseline and 1 year after treatment. In subjects with advanced lesions (>2 mm thick), MR image analysis was performed, including measurement of lipid-rich necrotic core size and kinetic modeling of DCE MR images to assess changes in the transfer constant (K(trans)). The differences in K(trans) between baseline and 1-year follow-up were compared by using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, and associations were assessed by using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. RESULTS: Twenty-eight subjects with interpretable DCE MR imaging results at both baseline and 1-year follow-up were included. After 1 year of treatment, a significant reduction was found in mean K(trans) (0.085 min(-1)    0.037 [standard deviation] to 0.067 min(-1)    0.028, P = .02). Reduction in K(trans) was not significantly correlated with observed reductions in lipid-rich necrotic core size or reductions in HsCRP level. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that DCE MR imaging may be a useful imaging method for the assessment of the therapeutic response of the vasa vasorum in @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Carotid artery XXXX : effect of intensive lipid therapy on the vasa vasorum--evaluation by using dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: There is a gap in knowledge regarding the rates of utilization of palliative care services (PCS) and acute care services (ACS) among older @entity0 with @entity1 close to end of life. We analyzed the utilization of these services among older adults (65years and older) and compared them to those in younger adults (40-64years) with @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 567 veterans who died with @entity1 between 2002 and 2009 and utilized PCS and ACS prior to @entity2 was conducted after IRB approval. To assess PCS utilization, we studied the mean duration between day of hospice referral and time of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) and the mean length of stay with hospice (LoS). The frequency of emergency room visits (ERVLM), hospital admissions (HALM), and ICU admissions (ICULM) in the last month of life was used as a measure for ACS. The differences among older and younger @entity0 were compared using two sample t-tests. RESULTS: Older adults had earlier referral to PCS [mean @entity3 : 47.3 versus 34.5days, p=0.015], longer stay with hospice [mean LoS: 32.5 versus 20.2days, p=0.007], fewer hospital [HALM: 0.7 versus 0.9, p=0.043], and ICU admissions [ICULM: 0.1 versus 0.2, p=0.030] per @entity0 . The proportion of @entity0 utilizing ER visits [53.5 % versus 59.5%, p=0.173] and hospital admissions [58.6% versus 65.1%, p=0.13] in the last month of life was similar in both age groups with fewer older adults utilizing ICU care [13.2% versus 19.5%, p=0.047]. CONCLUSION: Older @entity0 with @entity1 are likely to be referred to PCS earlier than younger @entity0 and spend a longer duration with PCS prior to @entity2 . However, there continues to be significant utilization of ACS in all @entity0 with @entity1 . Better understanding of the goals of care in older adults with @entity1 and education of oncology providers regarding the need to utilize and integrate palliative care services earlier in the course of disease is imperative.

title: Utilization of palliative care and acute care services in older adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to determine the prevalent age, pattern of presentation, histopathology type, and outcome of management of @entity3 in our environment. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a 10-year retrospective study carried out at a teaching hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Records of @entity0 managed for @entity3 from January 1994 to December 2004 were reviewed. Only 13 cases with tissue diagnosis were included in this review. The age, sex, occupation, presentation, use of cigarette and @entity2 , investigations, histology, outcome of management, and duration of follow-up were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS: The @entity0 had a mean age of 69.9 years (range 38-88 years) and a male-to-female ratio of @entity1 . Histopathology was @entity8 in all. Symptoms included @entity12 in all, cough in 7 (53.8%), @entity5 in 7 (53.8%), and @entity13 in 6 (46.2%). Two @entity0 indulged in @entity2 and two were also regular cigarette smokers. All the @entity0 presented with stage IV disease and in respiratory distress necessitating emergency tracheostomy. Seven (53.8%) @entity0 had total laryngectomy plus postoperative radiotherapy while 2 (15.4%) had pharyngolaryngectomy, thyroidectomy, radical neck dissection plus postoperative radiotherapy and @entity10 supplement. Surgical complications included @entity4 in 2 (15.4%) @entity0 , @entity7 , @entity7 , and @entity11 with @entity9 in 1 @entity0 each. The fistulae were managed conservatively and prognosis was good despite late presentation. CONCLUSION: @entity3 mainly occurs in males. Presentation is late with @entity12 in our community. Soft-tissue neck x-ray is a useful diagnostic tool. Scarce radiotherapy centers, ignorance, local taboo, poverty, and poor recognition by primary healthcare providers have a negative impact on its management. @entity3 should be excluded when managing elderly @entity0 for @entity6 .

title: XXXX : experience in Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is one of the earliest and most common @entity2 in childhood, and a strong predictor of adult psychopathology. Despite significant progress in psychotherapy research on @entity3 , no randomized controlled trial has been conducted with a disorder-specific treatment program for young @entity0 suffering from @entity4 . METHODS: Forty-three @entity0 (ages 5-7) with @entity4 and their parents were assigned to either a 16-session disorder-specific @entity4 treatment program including parent training and classical cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) components, or to a 12-week waiting list group. Categorical and/or continuous data for @entity3 , @entity1 and quality of life were collected at baseline, after treatment/waiting list condition, and at a 4-week follow-up. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analyses indicate that 76.19% of @entity0 allocated to the treatment group definitively no longer fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for @entity4 at follow-up, compared to 13.64% in the waiting list group. Between 91 and 100% of @entity0 rated themselves or were rated by their father, mother or therapist as very much or much improved on the global success rating immediately after treatment. Results indicated large time by treatment condition interaction effect sizes (d = 0.98-1.41) across informants for reduction of distress/avoidance in separation situations after the test for the treatment condition. Further, parents reported significant improvements in @entity1 in the @entity0 ' @entity5 life domains and the @entity0 's quality of life. Treatment gains were maintained at the 4-week follow-up assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate the short-term efficacy of a disorder-specific treatment approach for @entity4 , and are among the first to indicate that CBT programs work with young @entity0 .

title: Disorder-specific cognitive-behavioral therapy for separation XXXX in young @entity0 : a randomized waiting-list-controlled trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is one of the earliest and most common @entity2 in childhood, and a strong predictor of adult psychopathology. Despite significant progress in psychotherapy research on @entity3 , no randomized controlled trial has been conducted with a disorder-specific treatment program for young @entity0 suffering from @entity4 . METHODS: Forty-three @entity0 (ages 5-7) with @entity4 and their parents were assigned to either a 16-session disorder-specific @entity4 treatment program including parent training and classical cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) components, or to a 12-week waiting list group. Categorical and/or continuous data for @entity3 , @entity1 and quality of life were collected at baseline, after treatment/waiting list condition, and at a 4-week follow-up. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analyses indicate that 76.19% of @entity0 allocated to the treatment group definitively no longer fulfilled DSM-IV criteria for @entity4 at follow-up, compared to 13.64% in the waiting list group. Between 91 and 100% of @entity0 rated themselves or were rated by their father, mother or therapist as very much or much improved on the global success rating immediately after treatment. Results indicated large time by treatment condition interaction effect sizes (d = 0.98-1.41) across informants for reduction of distress/avoidance in separation situations after the test for the treatment condition. Further, parents reported significant improvements in @entity1 in the @entity0 ' @entity5 life domains and the @entity0 's quality of life. Treatment gains were maintained at the 4-week follow-up assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate the short-term efficacy of a disorder-specific treatment approach for @entity4 , and are among the first to indicate that CBT programs work with young @entity0 .

title: Disorder-specific cognitive-behavioral therapy for separation @entity3 in young XXXX : a randomized waiting-list-controlled trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The growth inhibitory activity of @entity0 recombinant leucocyte A interferon ( @entity10 : alpha-interferon) against 23 @entity0 cultured cell lines derived from @entity7 and @entity2 was measured quantitatively by regrowth assay. Daudi cells were the most sensitive to it. Two T-cell lines ( @entity0 , HUT78), three B-cell lines (Raji, Ly16, A3/Kawakami), one @entity3 , non-B @entity4 ( @entity4 ) cell line (KOPN-1) and three myelomonocytoid cell lines (U937, @entity5 , @entity8 ) were moderately or slightly sensitive. Although the levels of sensitivity of these cell lines were different, cells could be killed by the recombinant alpha-interferon. Morphological changes in the sensitive cells treated with it were decreases in mitosis, pyknosis and fragmentation of the cells. Thirteen other cultured cell lines were not sensitive. The results indicated that the growth inhibitory activity of recombinant alpha-interferon is not always cell lineage-specific. There were only three cell lines whose sensitivity, expressed by the concentration required for 90% growth inhibition, was less than the several hundred units per milliliter that has usually been obtained as blood levels in clinical trials. These three included one of 10 T-cell lines and two of seven B-cell lines; none of six @entity3 , non-B @entity4 and myelomonocytoid cell lines were that sensitive. Among virus-associated cell lines, only @entity9 -associated B-cell lines were sensitive to the interferon; adult @entity6 virus-associated T-cell lines were not sensitive. It was demonstrated that recombinant alpha-interferon has a time-dependent, but not a concentration-dependent cytocidal action, indicating that optimal therapeutic schedules of recombinant alpha-interferon for @entity1 may be daily long-term treatment, not single or short-term large-dose therapy.

title: Time-dependent cytotoxic action of @entity0 recombinant alpha-interferon ( @entity10 ) in vitro and the sensitivity of various cultured XXXX and @entity2 cell lines to it.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The growth inhibitory activity of @entity0 recombinant leucocyte A interferon ( @entity10 : alpha-interferon) against 23 @entity0 cultured cell lines derived from @entity7 and @entity2 was measured quantitatively by regrowth assay. Daudi cells were the most sensitive to it. Two T-cell lines ( @entity0 , HUT78), three B-cell lines (Raji, Ly16, A3/Kawakami), one @entity3 , non-B @entity4 ( @entity4 ) cell line (KOPN-1) and three myelomonocytoid cell lines (U937, @entity5 , @entity8 ) were moderately or slightly sensitive. Although the levels of sensitivity of these cell lines were different, cells could be killed by the recombinant alpha-interferon. Morphological changes in the sensitive cells treated with it were decreases in mitosis, pyknosis and fragmentation of the cells. Thirteen other cultured cell lines were not sensitive. The results indicated that the growth inhibitory activity of recombinant alpha-interferon is not always cell lineage-specific. There were only three cell lines whose sensitivity, expressed by the concentration required for 90% growth inhibition, was less than the several hundred units per milliliter that has usually been obtained as blood levels in clinical trials. These three included one of 10 T-cell lines and two of seven B-cell lines; none of six @entity3 , non-B @entity4 and myelomonocytoid cell lines were that sensitive. Among virus-associated cell lines, only @entity9 -associated B-cell lines were sensitive to the interferon; adult @entity6 virus-associated T-cell lines were not sensitive. It was demonstrated that recombinant alpha-interferon has a time-dependent, but not a concentration-dependent cytocidal action, indicating that optimal therapeutic schedules of recombinant alpha-interferon for @entity1 may be daily long-term treatment, not single or short-term large-dose therapy.

title: Time-dependent cytotoxic action of @entity0 recombinant alpha-interferon ( XXXX ) in vitro and the sensitivity of various cultured @entity7 and @entity2 cell lines to it.

answer: @entity10


abstract: The growth inhibitory activity of @entity0 recombinant leucocyte A interferon ( @entity10 : alpha-interferon) against 23 @entity0 cultured cell lines derived from @entity7 and @entity2 was measured quantitatively by regrowth assay. Daudi cells were the most sensitive to it. Two T-cell lines ( @entity0 , HUT78), three B-cell lines (Raji, Ly16, A3/Kawakami), one @entity3 , non-B @entity4 ( @entity4 ) cell line (KOPN-1) and three myelomonocytoid cell lines (U937, @entity5 , @entity8 ) were moderately or slightly sensitive. Although the levels of sensitivity of these cell lines were different, cells could be killed by the recombinant alpha-interferon. Morphological changes in the sensitive cells treated with it were decreases in mitosis, pyknosis and fragmentation of the cells. Thirteen other cultured cell lines were not sensitive. The results indicated that the growth inhibitory activity of recombinant alpha-interferon is not always cell lineage-specific. There were only three cell lines whose sensitivity, expressed by the concentration required for 90% growth inhibition, was less than the several hundred units per milliliter that has usually been obtained as blood levels in clinical trials. These three included one of 10 T-cell lines and two of seven B-cell lines; none of six @entity3 , non-B @entity4 and myelomonocytoid cell lines were that sensitive. Among virus-associated cell lines, only @entity9 -associated B-cell lines were sensitive to the interferon; adult @entity6 virus-associated T-cell lines were not sensitive. It was demonstrated that recombinant alpha-interferon has a time-dependent, but not a concentration-dependent cytocidal action, indicating that optimal therapeutic schedules of recombinant alpha-interferon for @entity1 may be daily long-term treatment, not single or short-term large-dose therapy.

title: Time-dependent cytotoxic action of @entity0 recombinant alpha-interferon ( @entity10 ) in vitro and the sensitivity of various cultured @entity7 and XXXX cell lines to it.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The growth inhibitory activity of @entity0 recombinant leucocyte A interferon ( @entity10 : alpha-interferon) against 23 @entity0 cultured cell lines derived from @entity7 and @entity2 was measured quantitatively by regrowth assay. Daudi cells were the most sensitive to it. Two T-cell lines ( @entity0 , HUT78), three B-cell lines (Raji, Ly16, A3/Kawakami), one @entity3 , non-B @entity4 ( @entity4 ) cell line (KOPN-1) and three myelomonocytoid cell lines (U937, @entity5 , @entity8 ) were moderately or slightly sensitive. Although the levels of sensitivity of these cell lines were different, cells could be killed by the recombinant alpha-interferon. Morphological changes in the sensitive cells treated with it were decreases in mitosis, pyknosis and fragmentation of the cells. Thirteen other cultured cell lines were not sensitive. The results indicated that the growth inhibitory activity of recombinant alpha-interferon is not always cell lineage-specific. There were only three cell lines whose sensitivity, expressed by the concentration required for 90% growth inhibition, was less than the several hundred units per milliliter that has usually been obtained as blood levels in clinical trials. These three included one of 10 T-cell lines and two of seven B-cell lines; none of six @entity3 , non-B @entity4 and myelomonocytoid cell lines were that sensitive. Among virus-associated cell lines, only @entity9 -associated B-cell lines were sensitive to the interferon; adult @entity6 virus-associated T-cell lines were not sensitive. It was demonstrated that recombinant alpha-interferon has a time-dependent, but not a concentration-dependent cytocidal action, indicating that optimal therapeutic schedules of recombinant alpha-interferon for @entity1 may be daily long-term treatment, not single or short-term large-dose therapy.

title: Time-dependent cytotoxic action of XXXX recombinant alpha-interferon ( @entity10 ) in vitro and the sensitivity of various cultured @entity7 and @entity2 cell lines to it.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity12 is an inflammatory disease of @entity11 , associated with nonischemic @entity1 and degeneration of myocytes. Although the clinical course is rapid, @entity12 can lead to @entity7 with chambers dilatation and @entity2 . The pathophysiology of @entity12 in @entity0 is not completely understood. There are several etiological agents implicated, mainly viral agents. The clinical presentation is extremely various, with nonspecific systemic symptoms until @entity9 . The great variability of symptoms makes the diagnosis, therefore, extremely difficult. We report the case of a 40-year-old @entity0 who developed, after childbirth, @entity5 associated with neck and left arm @entity3 ; initially treated with @entity10 , without any benefit, the young @entity0 , after few days, died suddenly. The autopsy documented the presence of @entity6 . The microbiological tests performed 4 days after @entity4 were negative. The heart was normal in shape and volume; a section of the left ventricle wall showed subendocardial discromic areas histologically characterized by multifocal perivascular and interstitial inflammatory infiltrates. These infiltrates consisted mainly of neutrophils with eosinophil component associated with myocyte @entity1 and @entity8 interstitial infiltration.

title: Fulminant Peripartum XXXX associated with sudden cardiac death: a case report.

answer: @entity12


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 quality has been consistently related to the risk of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). However, limited information is available about the effect of @entity3 quality on biomarkers related to @entity4 . OBJECTIVE: We examined the associations of @entity3 quality measures (CQMs) including @entity3 intake; starch intake; glycemic index; glycemic load; total, cereal, fruit, and vegetable fiber intakes; and different combinations of these nutrients with plasma concentrations of @entity2 , C-reactive protein (CRP), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analysis of 2458 @entity1 -free @entity0 , ages 43-70 y, in the Nurses Health Study. CQMs were estimated from food-frequency questionnaires, and averages from 1984, 1986, and 1990 were used. Plasma biomarkers were collected in 1990. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the associations between CQMs and biomarkers. RESULTS: After age, body mass index, lifestyle, and dietary variables were adjusted, 1) total fiber intake was positively associated with @entity2 (P-trend = 0.004); 2) cereal fiber intake was positively associated with @entity2 and inversely associated with CRP, and fruit fiber intake was negatively associated with HbA1c concentrations (all P-trend < 0.03); 3) starch intake was inversely associated with @entity2 (P-trend = 0.02); 4) a higher glycemic index was associated with lower @entity2 and higher HbA1c (both P-trend < 0.05); 5) a higher @entity3 -to-total fiber intake ratio was associated with lower @entity2 (P-trend = 0.005); 6) a higher starch-to-total fiber intake ratio was associated with lower @entity2 and higher HbA1c (both P-trend < 0.05); and 7) a higher starch-to-cereal fiber intake ratio was associated with lower @entity2 (P-trend = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: A greater fiber intake and a lower starch-to-fiber intake ratio are favorably associated with @entity2 and HbA1c, but only cereal fiber intake was associated with CRP in @entity0 . Further research is warranted to understand the potential mechanism of these associations in early progression of @entity4 .

title: High Fiber and Low Starch Intakes Are Associated with Circulating Intermediate Biomarkers of Type 2 XXXX among @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 quality has been consistently related to the risk of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). However, limited information is available about the effect of @entity3 quality on biomarkers related to @entity4 . OBJECTIVE: We examined the associations of @entity3 quality measures (CQMs) including @entity3 intake; starch intake; glycemic index; glycemic load; total, cereal, fruit, and vegetable fiber intakes; and different combinations of these nutrients with plasma concentrations of @entity2 , C-reactive protein (CRP), and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analysis of 2458 @entity1 -free @entity0 , ages 43-70 y, in the Nurses Health Study. CQMs were estimated from food-frequency questionnaires, and averages from 1984, 1986, and 1990 were used. Plasma biomarkers were collected in 1990. Multiple linear regression models were used to assess the associations between CQMs and biomarkers. RESULTS: After age, body mass index, lifestyle, and dietary variables were adjusted, 1) total fiber intake was positively associated with @entity2 (P-trend = 0.004); 2) cereal fiber intake was positively associated with @entity2 and inversely associated with CRP, and fruit fiber intake was negatively associated with HbA1c concentrations (all P-trend < 0.03); 3) starch intake was inversely associated with @entity2 (P-trend = 0.02); 4) a higher glycemic index was associated with lower @entity2 and higher HbA1c (both P-trend < 0.05); 5) a higher @entity3 -to-total fiber intake ratio was associated with lower @entity2 (P-trend = 0.005); 6) a higher starch-to-total fiber intake ratio was associated with lower @entity2 and higher HbA1c (both P-trend < 0.05); and 7) a higher starch-to-cereal fiber intake ratio was associated with lower @entity2 (P-trend = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: A greater fiber intake and a lower starch-to-fiber intake ratio are favorably associated with @entity2 and HbA1c, but only cereal fiber intake was associated with CRP in @entity0 . Further research is warranted to understand the potential mechanism of these associations in early progression of @entity4 .

title: High Fiber and Low Starch Intakes Are Associated with Circulating Intermediate Biomarkers of Type 2 @entity1 among XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to compare @entity1 and risk factor profiles of two 70-year-old cohorts of Finns examined in 1991 and 2011 and to describe prevalence of statin use according to cardiovascular risk in the later cohort. METHODS: 1920-born cohort of community-dwelling 70-year-old @entity0 (n = 1032) participated in comprehensive health surveys, physical and laboratory examinations in the Turku Elderly Study (TUVA) during 1991-92. In 2011, identical examination pattern was performed, in a 1940-born cohort of 70-year-old @entity0 (n = 956) from the same area. Prevalence of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and risk factors in the two cohorts was compared. Further, each cohort was divided into three cardiovascular risk groups (high, moderate and low) based on their estimated risk. Prevalence of statin use was calculated among each risk group in the 1940 cohort. RESULTS: @entity2 (25 versus 11%) and @entity3 (9 versus 2%) were more common in the 1920 than 1940 cohort, respectively. Lipid profile was worse and blood pressure higher in the earlier cohort, whereas use of @entity4 and antihypertensives was more common in the later cohort. Forty-two per cent of the 1920 cohort and 29% of the 1940 cohort were estimated to have high cardiovascular risk. In the 1940 cohort, a total of 36% used @entity4 . Statin use was most common among high-risk @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: seventy-year olds examined in 2011 had less @entity1 morbidity than their counterparts 20 years earlier, and their cardiovascular risk factors were better controlled which is reflected in higher use of preventive medications, such as @entity4 and antihypertensives.

title: Cardiovascular risk profile and use of XXXX at the age of 70 years: a comparison of two Finnish birth cohorts born 20 years apart.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 and physician attributes influence medical decisions as non-medical factors. The current study examines the influence of @entity0 age and gender and physicians' gender and years of clinical experience on medical decision making in @entity0 with undiagnosed @entity3 . METHOD: A factorial experiment was conducted to estimate the influence of @entity0 and physician attributes. An identical physician @entity0 encounter with a @entity0 presenting with @entity2 symptoms was videotaped with varying @entity0 attributes. Professional actors played the " @entity0 ". A sample of 64 randomly chosen and stratified (gender and years of experience) primary care physicians was interviewed about the presented videos. RESULTS: Results show few significant differences in diagnostic decisions: Younger @entity0 were asked more frequently about psychosocial problems while with older @entity0 a @entity1 diagnosis was more often taken into consideration. Female physicians made an earlier second appointment date compared to male physicians. Physicians with more years of professional experience considered more often @entity2 as the diagnosis than physicians with less experience. CONCLUSION: Medical decision making in @entity0 with @entity3 is only marginally influenced by @entity0 ' and physicians' characteristics under study.

title: [Medical decision making in symptoms of XXXX in general practice].

answer: @entity2