abstract: Putamen @entity2 and its long-term progress during disease course were recently shown in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Here we investigated retrospectively the time point of @entity2 onset in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). 68 @entity0 with @entity4 and 26 healthy controls (HC) were admitted to 3T MRI in a cross-sectional study. We quantitatively analyzed the putamen volume of individual @entity0 in relation to disease duration by correcting for age and intracranial volume (ICV). @entity0 's relative putamen volume (RPV), expressed in percent of ICV, was significantly reduced compared to HC. Based on the correlation between RPV and age, we computed the age-corrected RPV deviation (  RPV) from HC. @entity0 showed significantly negative   RPV. Interestingly, the age-corrected   RPV depended logarithmically on disease duration: Directly after first symptom manifestation, @entity0 already showed a reduced RPV followed by a further degressive @entity3 . This means that @entity2 progression was stronger in the first than in later years of disease. Putamen @entity2 starts directly after initial symptom manifestation or even years before, and progresses in a degressive manner. Due to its important role in neurological functions, early detection of putamen @entity2 seems necessary. High-resolution structural MRI allows monitoring of disease course.

title: Early and Degressive Putamen Atrophy in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a common bacterial pathogen in @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity4 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biofilm-producing ability for @entity1 -resistant (MRSP) and @entity1 -susceptible (MSSP) @entity5 isolates from healthy @entity0 . ANIMALS AND METHODS: Ninety-two isolates, consisting of 40 MRSPs and 52 MSSPs, were included in the study. Biofilm production was determined using a quantitative adherence assay in 96-well tissue culture plates and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting icaA and icaD genes. The prevalence of @entity1 -resistance in the isolated @entity5 was calculated using standard equations. The presence of @entity1 resistance (MR) and biofilm-producing ability between nasal- and ocular-origin @entity5 was compared using the chi-square (  (2)) test. The associations between the degree of biofilm production and the presence of @entity1 -resistance or sample origin were determined using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: All of the MRSP and MSSP isolates were able to produce biofilms, and 93.5% of the isolates were strong or moderate biofilm producers, regardless of the presence of @entity1 -resistance or source. @entity1 -resistance was more prevalent in nasal isolates. There was no association between the presence of icaA/icaD and biofilm production. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study indicate a high prevalence of biofilm-producing @entity5 in healthy @entity0 in South Korea, which may have a significant influence to @entity2 .

title: Emergence of biofilm-producing XXXX isolated from healthy @entity0 in South Korea.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a common bacterial pathogen in @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity4 . OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biofilm-producing ability for @entity1 -resistant (MRSP) and @entity1 -susceptible (MSSP) @entity5 isolates from healthy @entity0 . ANIMALS AND METHODS: Ninety-two isolates, consisting of 40 MRSPs and 52 MSSPs, were included in the study. Biofilm production was determined using a quantitative adherence assay in 96-well tissue culture plates and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting icaA and icaD genes. The prevalence of @entity1 -resistance in the isolated @entity5 was calculated using standard equations. The presence of @entity1 resistance (MR) and biofilm-producing ability between nasal- and ocular-origin @entity5 was compared using the chi-square (  (2)) test. The associations between the degree of biofilm production and the presence of @entity1 -resistance or sample origin were determined using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: All of the MRSP and MSSP isolates were able to produce biofilms, and 93.5% of the isolates were strong or moderate biofilm producers, regardless of the presence of @entity1 -resistance or source. @entity1 -resistance was more prevalent in nasal isolates. There was no association between the presence of icaA/icaD and biofilm production. CONCLUSIONS: Findings from this study indicate a high prevalence of biofilm-producing @entity5 in healthy @entity0 in South Korea, which may have a significant influence to @entity2 .

title: Emergence of biofilm-producing @entity5 isolated from healthy XXXX in South Korea.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the pattern of lymphatic @entity1 in middle @entity2 (ESCC) with different T staging and to investigate the clinical value of para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymphadenectomy. METHODS: Clinicopathological data of 717 @entity0 with middle thoracic ESCC undergoing Mckeown esophagectomy plus three-field lymph node dissection in Fujian Provincial Hospital from January 1999 to December 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Lymph node metastatic rates of different T stages were calculated. Clinical value of each station lymphadenectomy, especially the para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymphadenectomy, was evaluated by the efficacy index(EI, cross product of one station metastatic rate and 5-year survival of @entity0 with positive lymph nodes of above station). RESULTS: Rates of lymph node @entity1 were 29.0%(18/62), 61.1%(91/149) and 64.8%(328/506) in stage T1, T2 and T3 @entity0 respectively. Despite T staging, metastatic rates of right para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node(rRLN LN) were 21.0% (13/62), 28.9%(43/149) and 29.4%(149/506) in stage T1, T2 and T3 @entity0 respectively, which was the most common among all lymph node stations. Metastatic rates of left para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node(lRLN LN) were the second, with 8.1%(5/62), 17.4%(26/149) and 24.7%(125/506) in stage T1, T2, T3 @entity0 respectively. Follow-up period lasted more than 5 years. The 5-year survival rates of positive rRLN LN were 53.8%, 39.5% and 32.2% in stage T1, T2 and T3 @entity0 respectively, whose EI values were 11.3, 11.4 and 9.5 respectively. The 5-year survival rates of positive lRLN LN were 40.0%, 34.6% and 40.0% in stage T1, T2 and T3 @entity0 respectively, whose EI values were 3.2, 6.0 and 9.9 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph nodes are the common sites of @entity1 in middle @entity2 . Right para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymphadenectomy is of high clinical value despite the T staging. Left para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymphadenectomy has better efficacy in stage T2 and T3 @entity0 , but is limited in stage T1 @entity0 .

title: [Clinical value of para-recurrent laryngeal nerve lymphadenectomy for middle XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We aimed in this study to investigate whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), given as @entity3 ( @entity3 ), can interfere with @entity0 in subjects with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). In double-blind, sham-controlled experiments in five subjects with cervical or thoracic traumatic @entity2 , we evaluated the effects of a single session of inhibitory (continuous) @entity3 , excitatory (intermittent) @entity3 , or placebo @entity0 . The interventions targeted the contralateral primary motor cortex (M1), the primary sensory cortex (S1) and the @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Measurements were carried out at baseline (T0), 5min (T1) and 30min later (T2) after the intervention. Descriptive evaluation of results shows that @entity0 were not affected by rTMS applied over M1. Continuous (inhibitory) @entity3 over S1 induced a @entity0 , while continuous @entity3 over @entity1 induced a short-lasting @entity4 . Intermittent (excitatory) @entity3 over @entity1 induced a slight increase of @entity0 . Tests for significance confirm these observations, but must be interpreted with caution because of the small sample size. In conclusion, @entity0 may be associated to a hyperexcitability of @entity1 and to a lesser extent of S1, which can be normalized by inhibitory rTMS. Our preliminary findings provide further evidence that neuromodulatory techniques are able to reverse phantom sensations not only after limb amputation but also in other conditions characterized by deafferentation such as @entity2 .

title: Modulation of non-painful phantom sensation in subjects with XXXX by means of rTMS.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The hemodialysis unit at Columbia, South Carolina, opened in April, 1974. By June of 1977, 7 @entity0 had died from dialysis @entity1 , and 16 of the 51 surviving @entity0 showed @entity7 , fits, and @entity3 . @entity2 were seen in 22 @entity0 . Bone histomorphometry showed severe @entity6 with minimal, if any, @entity5 fibrosa, and serum alkaline phosphatase activity was normal. The mean serum @entity4 concentration in 33 random @entity0 was elevated at 83.5 microgram/liter (control group, 13.9 microgram/liter, P less than 0.001). The mean bone @entity4 concentration in 4 @entity0 who died from this syndrome was 307 ppm of bone ash (normal, less than 10 ppm). Dialysis fluid @entity4 was high at 140 microgram/liter. Purification of the dialysis fluid with a water softener, reverse osmosis and a deionizer and abandoning extra-strength Basaljel resulted in a notable clinical and EEG improvement. None of 81 new @entity0 who started hemodialysis between July of 1977 and July of 1979 after the change in treatment have developed any such symptoms. A syndrome of hemodialysis @entity1 accompanied by pathologic @entity2 is described. Recovery is possible. The syndrome was eradicated after purification of the dialysis fluid.

title: Hemodialysis @entity1 with XXXX and muscle weakness.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The hemodialysis unit at Columbia, South Carolina, opened in April, 1974. By June of 1977, 7 @entity0 had died from dialysis @entity1 , and 16 of the 51 surviving @entity0 showed @entity7 , fits, and @entity3 . @entity2 were seen in 22 @entity0 . Bone histomorphometry showed severe @entity6 with minimal, if any, @entity5 fibrosa, and serum alkaline phosphatase activity was normal. The mean serum @entity4 concentration in 33 random @entity0 was elevated at 83.5 microgram/liter (control group, 13.9 microgram/liter, P less than 0.001). The mean bone @entity4 concentration in 4 @entity0 who died from this syndrome was 307 ppm of bone ash (normal, less than 10 ppm). Dialysis fluid @entity4 was high at 140 microgram/liter. Purification of the dialysis fluid with a water softener, reverse osmosis and a deionizer and abandoning extra-strength Basaljel resulted in a notable clinical and EEG improvement. None of 81 new @entity0 who started hemodialysis between July of 1977 and July of 1979 after the change in treatment have developed any such symptoms. A syndrome of hemodialysis @entity1 accompanied by pathologic @entity2 is described. Recovery is possible. The syndrome was eradicated after purification of the dialysis fluid.

title: Hemodialysis XXXX with @entity2 and muscle weakness.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Arterial dilatation distal to a @entity3 has been known as poststenotic dilatation (PSD). This paper describes arterial constriction enough to produce PSD, time course of PSD, structural changes of the dilated segments and influence of @entity1 on the development of PSD. These problems were studied in 2 experimental protocols. In protocol I, 87 carotid arteries of 45 @entity0 were constricted by @entity2 clip of 0.65 to 2.0 mm in diameter. The arterial diameter was measured at the sites both proximal and distal to the constriction after 3 days to 8 weeks. In protocol II, 22 carotid arteries of 12 @entity0 with experimental one-or two-kidney Goldblatt @entity1 were constricted and the development of PSD was compared with age matched controls. Remarkable PSD developed in arteries with moderate @entity3 of 45 to 60% constriction. The degree of dilatation expressed as ratio of distal to proximal diameter reached about 1.5 at the end of the second week and remained unchanged thereafter. Destruction of the elastic fibers with intimal @entity4 was observed in the dilated segments even at the early stages of the PSD. Both mild and severe @entity3 failed to produce prominent PSD. In protocol II, the PSD averaged 1.18 +/- 0.05 (mean +/- SE) in @entity1 , and 1.32 +/- 0.03 in normotensive animals (p less than 0.05). The result suggests that chronic @entity1 decreases the distensibility of the arteries.

title: Experimental production of poststenotic dilatation in the carotid arteries of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A clinicopathological study of @entity3 was carried out according to Lauren's classification, on 207 @entity0 , who underwent gastric resection at Department of Surgery II, Kyushu University, Faculty of Medicine from 1970 to 1972. Among them 93 cases (44.9%) were of @entity5 , 71 (34.3%) of @entity2 and 43 (20.8%) of other types. @entity5 , often showing the protuberant type, was more common in the aged and in @entity0 . Most had a low grade of penetration, while in some, the penetration was moderate to high grade and was associated with lymph node @entity1 , @entity4 , or liver @entity1 . Hematogenous recurrence was not infrequent. @entity2 was more common in younger subjects and @entity0 , and was often of the depressed type. The serosa was involved in most cases. High grade penetration was associated with lymphatic permeation. @entity1 via the bloodstream was infrequent. Recurrence was often due to peritoneal dissemination. A better prognosis was indicated in cases of @entity2 with no serosal involvement, while prognosis in cases of invasion of the serosa was worse for @entity2 than for @entity5 .

title: Clinicopathological analysis of the intestinal type and diffuse type of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Hematogenous spread of bacteria from the bowel due to bacterial translocation has been postulated in animal and @entity2 studies. This case presents a @entity0 with possible hematogenous bacterial spreading after acute laparotomy. CASE PRESENTATION: A 57-year old @entity0 was admitted with @entity5 . A computed tomography showed mechanical @entity7 . A laparotomy was performed showing no contamination, and no bowel resection was performed. The @entity0 was not given any antibiotics during this time. The @entity0 was re-admitted 24h after discharge with @entity4 , elevated white count and @entity5 . A computed tomography showed newly developed @entity6 . These were treated with antibiotics, and the @entity0 was discharged with follow-up ultrasound showing diminished abscesses. DISCUSSION: This case discusses the possible pathophysiology behind the development of @entity6 after @entity7 . CONCLUSION: Febrilia and @entity3 in upper right quadrant of the abdomen days after a simple operation for @entity7 could be caused by translocation of intestinal bacteria and subsequent formation of @entity1 .

title: XXXX after adhesiolysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: NUC-1, a positive regulatory protein of @entity5 , controls the expression of several unlinked target genes involved in @entity6 acquisition. The @entity2 -terminal end of the NUC-1 protein has sequence similarity to the helix-loop-helix family of transcription factors. Bacterially expressed and in vitro-synthesized proteins, which consist of the @entity2 -terminal portion of NUC-1, bind specifically to upstream sequences of two of its target genes, pho2+ and pho-4+. These upstream sequences contain the core sequence, CACGTG, a target for many helix-loop-helix proteins. A large loop region (47 @entity3 ) separates the helix I and helix II domains. Mutations and deletion within the loop region did not interfere with the in vitro or in vivo functions of the protein. Immediately @entity2 -proximal to the helix II domain, the NUC-1 protein contains an atypical zipper domain which is essential for function. This domain consists of a heptad repeat of @entity1 and @entity4 rather than @entity0 residues. Analysis of mutant NUC-1 proteins suggests that the helix II and the zipper domains are essential for the protein dimerization, whereas the basic and the helix I domains are involved in DNA binding. The helix I domain, even though likely to participate in dimer formation while NUC-1 is bound to DNA, is not essential for in vitro dimerization.

title: Analysis of the DNA-binding and dimerization activities of XXXX transcription factor NUC-1.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Adoptive immunotherapy with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can result in robust and durable antitumor responses. @entity0 -infiltrating CTLs produce IFNy and mediate antitumor activity, but they simultaneously induce counter-regulatory immunosuppressive mechanisms in the @entity0 by recruiting monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that limit their proliferation and effector function. Using a @entity1 model of adoptive immunotherapy for B16 @entity2 , we developed a strategy to augment CTL activity by downregulating immunosuppression by MDSCs. Intravenous injection of transgenic pmel-1 CTLs into @entity0 -bearing @entity1 , resulted in their infiltration into the @entity0 , but this was accompanied by the accumulation of large numbers of monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs). These cells hampered CTL function and reduced their numbers in the @entity0 . We determined that one mechanism responsible for this immunosuppression was the production of @entity3 (NO) by MDSCs in the @entity0 . Therefore, @entity1 were given the NO scavenger @entity4 ( @entity4 ) on the day after CTL transfer. This led to the restoration of impaired proliferative capacity and function of the CTLs, resulting in sustained suppression of @entity0 growth. Thus, we conclude that CTL therapy can be improved by counter-acting immunosuppression. Targeting NO, one mediator of the immunosuppressive activity of M-MDSCs, may be an appropriate strategy to restore impaired CTL function and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.

title: The @entity3 radical scavenger XXXX reduces the immunosuppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and potentiates the antitumor activity of adoptive cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunotherapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Adoptive immunotherapy with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can result in robust and durable antitumor responses. @entity0 -infiltrating CTLs produce IFNy and mediate antitumor activity, but they simultaneously induce counter-regulatory immunosuppressive mechanisms in the @entity0 by recruiting monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that limit their proliferation and effector function. Using a @entity1 model of adoptive immunotherapy for B16 @entity2 , we developed a strategy to augment CTL activity by downregulating immunosuppression by MDSCs. Intravenous injection of transgenic pmel-1 CTLs into @entity0 -bearing @entity1 , resulted in their infiltration into the @entity0 , but this was accompanied by the accumulation of large numbers of monocytic MDSCs (M-MDSCs). These cells hampered CTL function and reduced their numbers in the @entity0 . We determined that one mechanism responsible for this immunosuppression was the production of @entity3 (NO) by MDSCs in the @entity0 . Therefore, @entity1 were given the NO scavenger @entity4 ( @entity4 ) on the day after CTL transfer. This led to the restoration of impaired proliferative capacity and function of the CTLs, resulting in sustained suppression of @entity0 growth. Thus, we conclude that CTL therapy can be improved by counter-acting immunosuppression. Targeting NO, one mediator of the immunosuppressive activity of M-MDSCs, may be an appropriate strategy to restore impaired CTL function and improve the efficacy of immunotherapy.

title: The XXXX radical scavenger @entity4 reduces the immunosuppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells and potentiates the antitumor activity of adoptive cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunotherapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hydrocolonic ultrasonography--abdominal ultrasonography in conjunction with the retrograde instillation of water into the colon--has been advocated as an alternative to colonoscopy for detecting @entity2 . We conducted a prospective, blinded trial to evaluate the procedure further. METHODS: Fifty-two consecutive @entity0 (50 @entity0 and 2 @entity0 ; average age, 62 years) who were referred for colonoscopy underwent hydrocolonic ultrasonography followed by colonoscopy. The physicians performing colonoscopy were blinded to the ultrasound results. @entity0 who had a history of @entity4 or who had previously undergone flexible sigmoidoscopy or colonoscopy were excluded. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity0 had normal results on colonoscopy, 26 had @entity3 , 3 had @entity1 and @entity3 , and 1 had @entity1 alone. Twenty @entity0 had @entity3 less than 7 mm in diameter, eight had @entity3 7 mm or more in diameter, and one had a @entity3 of unknown size. Hydrocolonic ultrasonography did not detect any @entity1 and detected only one @entity3 > or = 7 mm and one @entity3 < 7 mm in diameter. The overall sensitivity of ultrasonography for identifying any @entity3 was 6.9 percent, and for identifying a @entity3 > or = 7 mm, it was 12.5 percent. Ultrasonography suggested the presence of five masses and five @entity3 that were not confirmed by colonoscopy. Six @entity0 had incomplete ultrasound studies because of discomfort or the inability to retain water. There were two complications: one @entity0 had two vasovagal episodes, and another had diaphoresis. CONCLUSIONS: Hydrocolonic ultrasonography was less useful than colonoscopy for detecting @entity2 . The usefulness of the technique in screening for @entity4 appears to be limited.

title: Hydrocolonic ultrasonography in the detection of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The assessment of the cost-effectiveness of helicopter medical crews for @entity0 with major @entity1 in the Dutch situation. DESIGN: A modelling approach, combining available information with plausible assumptions. SETTING: Institute for Medical Technology Assessment, Rotterdam. METHODS: First, a baseline scenario was developed, implementing information that was available in the literature and a few assumptions. The sensitivity of the cost-effectiveness for the various assumptions was evaluated in alternative scenarios. END-POINTS. The relation between the costs per life year gained and the expected increase in the number of @entity0 surviving an accident is established for the separate scenarios. RESULTS: In the baseline scenario the number of victims with a @entity1 score < or = 12 is estimated at 4500 per year, it is assumed that victims who die at the scene of the accident are unsalvageable and that hospital treatment costs Dfl. 27,000.--per @entity0 . As a result costs per life year saved are only under Dfl. 50,000.--when more than 29 @entity0 per year (9.23% gain in survival) are additionally saved. Sensitivity analysis shows that the cost-effectiveness depends highly on the expected gain in survival and on the estimate of the costs of hospital treatment. Both variables are surrounded with a lot of uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS: Relying on the information that is available at this moment, no definite conclusions can be drawn on the cost-effectiveness of this facility, because too many essential data are missing. Empirical research is necessary.

title: [Is the use of helicopters with a XXXX team in severely injured accident victims in The Netherlands cost effective? A modelling approach].

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study of clinical outcome in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) evaluated 148 @entity0 (93 @entity0 and 55 @entity0 ) diagnosed in Hordaland county, Norway, during the period 1970 to 1990. In addition to evaluation of clinical data, data were available on sex, age at diagnosis, time from appearance of symptoms to diagnosis, family history, EMG and spinal fluid. Sixty-nine cases were bulbar @entity2 and 79 were spinal @entity2 . Median survival from diagnosis was 16.5 months, 26.0 months in the spinal and 12.1 months in the bulbar form. The survival time decreased with increasing age at the start of disease. A brief interval from start of symptoms to diagnosis was also a poor prognostic factor. Cases with mainly spastic clinical appearance had longer survival than those with marked @entity1 . Sex, appearance of familial cases, increased protein level in the spinal fluid, or disease confirmed or not by EMG had no influence on the prognosis. The importance of the prognostic variables was assessed simultaneously using a proportional hazards model. To test the validity of the prognostic factors, a binary survival outcome was established and a predictive rule determined by logistic regression. The data were applied on 11 @entity2 cases collected outside Hordaland county. Only 1 out of 7 @entity0 with a predicted probability of living more than 1 year actually died within this time period. Two out of 4 @entity0 in the poor prognostic group were dead within a year from the time of diagnosis.

title: Prognostic factors and survival in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although different conservative treatment options have been proposed, there is a paucity of research on the management of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in runners. OBJECTIVE: To compare two treatment protocols for @entity2 ; @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and manual therapy (ManT). Both therapies were administered concurrently with an exercise rehabilitation programme. METHODS: The study was designed as a randomised controlled clinical trial. Twenty-four runners with @entity2 received 3 treatments at weekly intervals of either @entity1 (n= 11) or ManT (n= 13). In addition, all subjects followed an exercise programme for at least 4 weeks. Main outcome measures were established as mean differences (MD) in @entity0 during treadmill running. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in @entity0 reduction between the two interventions at 4 weeks (p= 0.796), and 8 weeks (p= 0.155) follow-up. Thus, both groups reported similar magnitude of reduced @entity0 during the intervention (p= 0.864). The shockwave therapy (SWT) group reported a 51% decrease in @entity0 at week 4 (p= 0.022), and a 75% decrease at week 8 (p= 0.004). The ManT group showed a 61% reduction in @entity0 at week 4 (p= 0.059), and a 56% reduction at week 8 (p= 0.067). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and ManT were equally effective in reducing @entity0 in subjects with @entity2 .

title: Radial extracorporeal shockwave therapy compared with manual therapy in runners with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Neurotransmitter release during @entity6 has been extensively studied and is thought to play a key role in excitotoxic @entity2 . The changes in neurotransmitter release and its metabolism may reflect changes in cellular metabolism during @entity1 . The purpose of this study is to assess alterations in extracellular @entity5 and @entity4 and their metabolites under varied degrees of @entity1 in @entity0 striatum to elucidate the pathophysiology of @entity6 . Twenty @entity0 were used to induce varied @entity1 by means of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion along with hemorrhagic @entity3 . Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the striatum was measured every 40 minutes by methods of @entity7 clearance and maintained within certain ranges for 6 hours. @entity5 , @entity4 , and their metabolites were measured every 20 minutes by in vivo microdialysis. Varying degrees of @entity1 were obtained, ranging from 9.4 to 81.3% of control CBF. The animals were divided into three groups according to CBF levels measured 20 minutes after the induction of @entity1 . In the mild @entity1 group (n = 5), CBF ranged from 65 to 88% of baseline levels and resulted in only a slight increase of @entity5 . In the moderate @entity1 group (n = 10), CBF ranged from 21 to 48% of baseline levels and resulted in transient increases of @entity5 (24-fold) and @entity4 (5-fold). In the severe @entity1 group (n = 5), CBF was below 14% of baseline levels and resulted in marked increases in @entity5 (462-fold) and @entity4 (225-fold). These alterations remained elevated for 3 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Evaluation of monoaminergic neurotransmitters in the @entity0 striatum during varied global XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Neurotransmitter release during @entity6 has been extensively studied and is thought to play a key role in excitotoxic @entity2 . The changes in neurotransmitter release and its metabolism may reflect changes in cellular metabolism during @entity1 . The purpose of this study is to assess alterations in extracellular @entity5 and @entity4 and their metabolites under varied degrees of @entity1 in @entity0 striatum to elucidate the pathophysiology of @entity6 . Twenty @entity0 were used to induce varied @entity1 by means of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion along with hemorrhagic @entity3 . Cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the striatum was measured every 40 minutes by methods of @entity7 clearance and maintained within certain ranges for 6 hours. @entity5 , @entity4 , and their metabolites were measured every 20 minutes by in vivo microdialysis. Varying degrees of @entity1 were obtained, ranging from 9.4 to 81.3% of control CBF. The animals were divided into three groups according to CBF levels measured 20 minutes after the induction of @entity1 . In the mild @entity1 group (n = 5), CBF ranged from 65 to 88% of baseline levels and resulted in only a slight increase of @entity5 . In the moderate @entity1 group (n = 10), CBF ranged from 21 to 48% of baseline levels and resulted in transient increases of @entity5 (24-fold) and @entity4 (5-fold). In the severe @entity1 group (n = 5), CBF was below 14% of baseline levels and resulted in marked increases in @entity5 (462-fold) and @entity4 (225-fold). These alterations remained elevated for 3 hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Evaluation of monoaminergic neurotransmitters in the XXXX striatum during varied global @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Historically, the incidence of genital and urinary tract (GU) injuries in major conflicts has been approximately 5%. To mitigate the risk of @entity2 to the external genitalia, the United States and United Kingdom issued protective overgarments and undergarments to troops deployed in support of Operation Enduring Freedom. These two systems combined constitute the @entity1 ( @entity3 ). Our hypothesis was that @entity3 use is associated with a reduction of @entity4 in subjects exposed to dismounted improvised explosive device @entity2 . METHODS: We identified two groups for comparison: those who were confirmed to have worn the @entity3 at time of injury (n = 58) and a historical control group who were confirmed as not wearing the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (n = 61). @entity0 with any level of lower extremity amputation from dismounted improvised explosive device blast mechanism were included. The primary outcome measure was presence of a @entity4 on admission. A univariate analysis assessing the strength of association with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals was performed between the @entity3 and @entity3 groups. RESULTS: Mean Injury Severity Score (ISS) was higher in the @entity3 versus the @entity3 group (26.1 vs. 19.3, p = 0.0012). Overall, 31% of the @entity0 in the @entity3 group sustained at least one @entity4 versus 62.3% in the @entity3 group. The odds ratio of sustaining a @entity4 in the @entity3 group as compared with the @entity3 group is 0.28 (31% vs. 62.3%; 95 % confidence interval, 0.62-0.12; p < 0.001). The most frequent injures were open scrotal/testes wounds, followed by open penis, and open bladder/urethra injuries. CONCLUSION: The use of the @entity3 is associated with a decreased odds ratio of @entity4 . Despite a 31% absolute reduction, future work should focus on improved efficiency. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic/epidemiologic study, level IV; therapeutic study, level V.

title: Effectiveness of the combat XXXX in the prevention of genital and urinary tract injuries: An observational study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemostatic dressings are advanced topical dressings designed to control @entity2 by enhancing clot formation. These dressings may be effective when used on injuries sustained in junctional zones. The Israeli Defense Forces Medical Corps (IDF-MC) chose to equip its medical personnel with the QuikClot Combat Gauze. There is a paucity of data describing clinical use and results of hemostatic dressing especially at the point of injury. The purpose of this article was to report the IDF-MC experience with prehospital use of the QuikClot Combat Gauze in junctional zones in a case series retrieved from the IDF @entity1 Registry. METHODS: All IDF @entity1 Registry documented cases of prehospital use of hemostatic dressings in the IDF-MC between January 2009 and September 2014 were retrieved. Data collection included injury mechanism, wound location, reported success of hemostatic dressing, tourniquet use, lifesaving interventions, mortality, and caregiver identity. RESULTS: A total of 122 @entity0 on whom 133 hemostatic dressings were applied were identified. Median age was 22 years. Of the @entity0 , 118 (96.7%) were male and 2 (1.6%) were female (missing, n = 2). Injury mechanism was penetrating in 104 (85.2%), blunt in 4 (3.3%), and combined in 14 (11.5%) @entity0 . Seven @entity0 (5.9%) died. Thirty-seven dressings (27.8%) were used for junctional @entity2 control (pelvis, shoulder, axilla, buttocks, groin, neck), and 92 dressings (72.1%) were placed in nonjunctional areas (missing, n = 4). Nonjunctional dressings included 63 (47.4%) applied to the extremities, 14 (10.5%) to the back, and 4 (3%) to the head. Hemostatic dressing application was reported as successful in 88.6% (31 of 35 available; missing, n = 2) of junctional @entity2 applications and in 91.9% (57 of 62 available; missing, n = 1) of extremity @entity2 applications. CONCLUSION: Hemostatic dressings seem to be an effective tool for junctional @entity2 control and should be considered as a second-line treatment for extremity @entity2 control at the point of injury. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, level V.

title: Prehospital use of hemostatic dressings by the Israel Defense Forces Medical Corps: A case series of 122 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The incidence, causes and complications of severe @entity9 ( @entity7 phosphokinase (CK) > or = 5000 U/l) were studied during a 7-year study period in a large university hospital population. This condition was present in 0.074% of all admitted @entity0 . The mortality in the study group (n = 93) was 32% and the incidence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) 51%. Ischaemia was the most frequent cause, and drugs, @entity2 and/or @entity5 were the second most common cause of severe @entity9 . @entity0 with @entity9 due to ischaemia were older, had @entity6 more often, and also had the highest mortality. Hyperkalaemia ( @entity8 > or = 5.5 mmol/l) occurred in 13% of the @entity0 , and all of them had or developed an @entity1 . Hypocalcaemia ( @entity4 < or = 2.00 mmol/l) was found in 41%. The incidence of @entity6 and electrolyte disturbances was higher in @entity0 with CK levels exceeding 15,000 U/l. Mortality was significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity6 . Plasma concentrations of @entity8 and @entity4 correlated better with the severity of @entity3 than with the maximal height of plasma CK.

title: Relationship between elevated XXXX phosphokinase and the clinical spectrum of @entity9 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The incidence, causes and complications of severe @entity9 ( @entity7 phosphokinase (CK) > or = 5000 U/l) were studied during a 7-year study period in a large university hospital population. This condition was present in 0.074% of all admitted @entity0 . The mortality in the study group (n = 93) was 32% and the incidence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) 51%. Ischaemia was the most frequent cause, and drugs, @entity2 and/or @entity5 were the second most common cause of severe @entity9 . @entity0 with @entity9 due to ischaemia were older, had @entity6 more often, and also had the highest mortality. Hyperkalaemia ( @entity8 > or = 5.5 mmol/l) occurred in 13% of the @entity0 , and all of them had or developed an @entity1 . Hypocalcaemia ( @entity4 < or = 2.00 mmol/l) was found in 41%. The incidence of @entity6 and electrolyte disturbances was higher in @entity0 with CK levels exceeding 15,000 U/l. Mortality was significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity6 . Plasma concentrations of @entity8 and @entity4 correlated better with the severity of @entity3 than with the maximal height of plasma CK.

title: Relationship between elevated @entity7 phosphokinase and the clinical spectrum of XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Natural stocks of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) have decreased drastically because of overfishing, habitat destruction, and changes in the ocean environment over the past few decades. However, to date, artificial mass production of glass eels is far from reality because of the lack of appropriate feed for the eel larvae. In this study, wild glass eel, leptocephali, preleptocephali, and embryos were collected to conduct RNA-seq. Approximately 279 million reads were generated and assembled into 224,043 transcripts. The transcript levels of genes coding for digestive enzymes and nutrient transporters were investigated to estimate the capacities for nutrient digestion and absorption during early development. The results showed that the transcript levels of protein digestion enzymes were higher than those of @entity3 and lipid digestion enzymes in the preleptocephali and leptocephali, and the transcript levels of @entity4 transporters were also higher than those of @entity1 and @entity2 transporters and the @entity0 transporter. In addition, the transcript levels of @entity1 and @entity2 transporters were significantly raising in the leptocephali. Moreover, the transcript levels of protein, @entity3 , and lipid digestion enzymes were balanced in the glass eel, but the transcript levels of @entity4 transporters were higher than those of @entity1 and @entity0 transporters. These findings implied that preleptocephali and leptocephali prefer high-protein food, and the nutritional requirements of @entity5 and lipids for the eel larvae vary with growth. An online database (http://molas.iis.sinica.edu.tw/jpeel/) that will provide the sequences and the annotated results of assembled transcripts was established for the eel research community.

title: De Novo Assembly of the Whole Transcriptome of the Wild Embryo, Preleptocephalus, Leptocephalus, and Glass Eel of XXXX and Deciphering the Digestive and Absorptive Capacities during Early Development.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 in adolescence is debilitating with high recurrence in adulthood, yet its pathophysiological mechanism remains enigmatic. To examine the interaction between emotion, cognition and treatment, functional brain responses to sad and happy distractors in an affective go/no-go task were explored before and after Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) in @entity1 female adolescents, and healthy @entity0 . METHODS: Eighty-two Depressed and 24 healthy female adolescents, aged 12-17 years, performed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) affective go/no-go task at baseline. @entity0 were instructed to withhold their responses upon seeing happy or sad words. Among these @entity0 , 13 @entity0 had CBT over approximately 30 weeks. These @entity0 and 20 matched controls then repeated the task. RESULTS: At baseline, increased activation in response to happy relative to neutral distractors was observed in the orbitofrontal cortex in @entity1 @entity0 which was normalised after CBT. No significant group differences were found behaviourally or in brain activation in response to sad distractors. Improvements in symptoms (mean: 9.31, 95% CI: 5.35-13.27) were related at trend-level to activation changes in orbitofrontal cortex. LIMITATIONS: In the follow-up section, a limited number of post-CBT @entity0 were recruited. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first fMRI study addressing the effect of CBT in adolescent @entity1 . Although a bias toward negative information is widely accepted as a hallmark of @entity1 , aberrant brain hyperactivity to positive distractors was found and normalised after CBT. Research, assessment and treatment focused on positive stimuli could be a future consideration. Moreover, a pathophysiological mechanism distinct from @entity1 may be suggested and awaits further exploration.

title: Aberrant brain responses to emotionally valent words is normalised after cognitive behavioural therapy in female XXXX adolescents.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity13 is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and, as such, it inevitably plays a role in the initiation and spread of @entity7 activity. It also plays a critical role in epileptogenesis. The process of "kindling" limbic @entity7 in rodents by repeated electrical stimulation is dependent on activation of @entity10 ( @entity5 ) receptors. The function of these receptors is enhanced in the hippocampus of kindled @entity1 and in the cerebral cortex of @entity0 with @entity12 . Microdialysis studies show an increase in the extracellular concentration of @entity13 and @entity8 before or during @entity7 onset, suggesting that either enhanced @entity9 release or impaired uptake contributes to @entity7 initiation. @entity13 antagonists selective for @entity5 or non- @entity5 receptors are potent anticonvulsants when given systemically in a wide variety of animal models of @entity6 . They are of limited efficacy against kindled @entity7 in @entity1 and (on the basis of preliminary evidence) in @entity0 with drug-refractory complex partial @entity7 . Cognitive side effects appear to be a significant problem with competitive, as well as noncompetitive, @entity5 antagonists. @entity13 receptor antagonists provide significant protection against @entity3 following global or focal @entity14 or acute @entity4 in rodent models. Anticonvulsant compounds of the @entity15 type, which act on @entity11 channels and reduce @entity2 -induced @entity13 release, are cerebroprotective in rodent @entity2 models and are free from the cognitive side effects of @entity5 -receptor antagonists.

title: The role of XXXX in @entity6 and other CNS disorders.

answer: @entity13


abstract: @entity13 is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and, as such, it inevitably plays a role in the initiation and spread of @entity7 activity. It also plays a critical role in epileptogenesis. The process of "kindling" limbic @entity7 in rodents by repeated electrical stimulation is dependent on activation of @entity10 ( @entity5 ) receptors. The function of these receptors is enhanced in the hippocampus of kindled @entity1 and in the cerebral cortex of @entity0 with @entity12 . Microdialysis studies show an increase in the extracellular concentration of @entity13 and @entity8 before or during @entity7 onset, suggesting that either enhanced @entity9 release or impaired uptake contributes to @entity7 initiation. @entity13 antagonists selective for @entity5 or non- @entity5 receptors are potent anticonvulsants when given systemically in a wide variety of animal models of @entity6 . They are of limited efficacy against kindled @entity7 in @entity1 and (on the basis of preliminary evidence) in @entity0 with drug-refractory complex partial @entity7 . Cognitive side effects appear to be a significant problem with competitive, as well as noncompetitive, @entity5 antagonists. @entity13 receptor antagonists provide significant protection against @entity3 following global or focal @entity14 or acute @entity4 in rodent models. Anticonvulsant compounds of the @entity15 type, which act on @entity11 channels and reduce @entity2 -induced @entity13 release, are cerebroprotective in rodent @entity2 models and are free from the cognitive side effects of @entity5 -receptor antagonists.

title: The role of @entity13 in XXXX and other CNS disorders.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of oral cytology to diagnose malignant and @entity1 at an early stage is considered crucial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnoses of the spatula and the cytobrush techniques compared with the gold standard histopathological findings, analysed according to different diagnostic criteria. METHODS: Cytological smears were obtained from 76 suspicious oral @entity4 lesions using two techniques: cytobrush plus cell collector and metal spatula. Subsequently, a surgical biopsy was performed on each lesion to achieve a histopathological diagnosis. Evaluation was conducted with respect to three different diagnostic criteria. RESULTS: The sensitivity for diagnosing @entity2 in clinically malignant cases was 89.58% and 60.42% for cytobrush and spatula techniques, respectively. Inclusion of severe @entity3 cases for 'high-risk' lesions increased the sensitivity up to 96.36% and 78.18% for two techniques, respectively. In @entity1 , malignant and severely @entity3 cells were diagnosed at a sensitivity of 88.89% in the cytobrush and 55.56% in the spatula techniques. Extending the criteria by defining malignant or any @entity3 findings as positive, sensitivity was increased to 98.02% and 89.11% for the spatula and the cytobrush techniques, respectively. Specificity for both techniques increased to 100%. The difference between the diagnoses of histopathology and the spatula cytology was statistically significant (P < 0.01), while no such difference was found with the cytobrush technique (P > 0.1). CONCLUSION: The cytobrush, unlike the spatula, is a useful screening instrument for early diagnosis of @entity1 and could therefore contribute to improved @entity0 prognosis.

title: Comparison of spatula and cytobrush cytological techniques in early detection of oral malignant and XXXX : a prospective and blinded study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 201Tl myocardial perfusion single photon emission tomography (SPET) with pharmacological coronary vasodilatation using @entity3 is now often used in the investigation of a @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). In this study, we present data from two groups of @entity0 . Group A (n = 40) experienced 201Tl SPET with @entity3 only as the pharmacological stress test, using an infusion rate of 140 micrograms kg-1 @entity4 . Group B @entity0 (n = 50) had the same test combined with low-level dynamic exercise. The side effects were noted for both groups and 201Tl SPET studies were acquired for stress and redistribution images. There was a lesser degree of non-cardiac side effects in @entity0 of group B. There was a significant difference in the haemodynamic parameters between the two groups. There was no significant difference in overall sensitivity (87% versus 90%) and specificity (84% versus 88%) in the detection of @entity1 between the two groups. In conclusion, addition of low-level dynamic exercise with @entity3 is to be preferred to @entity3 infusion alone, as this protocol is better tolerated and may enhance the detection of right @entity2 (sensitivity = 82% versus 90%, n.s.).

title: 201Tl myocardial perfusion SPET: XXXX alone or combined with dynamic exercise.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Involuntary @entity3 is a frequent complication of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and ultimately affects the majority of @entity0 . The deleterious effects of @entity3 on immune function and the physical and psychological sequelae of severe @entity3 are well recognized. @entity8 induces appetite stimulation and nonfluid @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity1 . In a pilot study, @entity8 produced nonfluid @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity5 . Two double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials of @entity8 for the treatment of @entity5 -related @entity4 and @entity7 have shown improvements in body weight with treatment. In a multicenter trial reported by Flynn et al. at the 7th International Conference on @entity5 (1992), 65 @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity3 of > 10% of ideal body weight were randomized to placebo or @entity8 800 mg/day. @entity8 -treated @entity0 had a significantly greater mean maximum @entity6 (p = 0.027) and appetite stimulation (p = 0.021) than did placebo-treated @entity0 . In a second, larger randomized placebo-controlled trial, 271 @entity0 with @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity7 were randomized to receive placebo or multiple doses of @entity8 at 100, 400 or 800 mg/day for 12 weeks. A maximum @entity6 of at least 5 lb (2.25 kg) was observed in 64.2% of @entity0 in the 800-mg @entity8 group compared with 21.4% in the placebo group (p < 0.0001). Mean maximum weight change from baseline to last evaluation was +8.3 lb in the 800-mg group and -1.1 lb in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Mean change in lean body mass from baseline to last evaluation was +2.5 lb in the 800-mg group versus -1.7 lb in the placebo group (p < 0.001). A significant improvement in appetite was seen in @entity0 receiving 800 mg @entity8 compared with @entity0 receiving placebo. No significant @entity2 was observed with @entity8 therapy. @entity8 is an effective treatment for some @entity0 with @entity5 -related @entity4 and @entity7 .

title: Randomized trials of @entity8 for XXXX -associated @entity4 and @entity7 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Involuntary @entity3 is a frequent complication of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and ultimately affects the majority of @entity0 . The deleterious effects of @entity3 on immune function and the physical and psychological sequelae of severe @entity3 are well recognized. @entity8 induces appetite stimulation and nonfluid @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity1 . In a pilot study, @entity8 produced nonfluid @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity5 . Two double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials of @entity8 for the treatment of @entity5 -related @entity4 and @entity7 have shown improvements in body weight with treatment. In a multicenter trial reported by Flynn et al. at the 7th International Conference on @entity5 (1992), 65 @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity3 of > 10% of ideal body weight were randomized to placebo or @entity8 800 mg/day. @entity8 -treated @entity0 had a significantly greater mean maximum @entity6 (p = 0.027) and appetite stimulation (p = 0.021) than did placebo-treated @entity0 . In a second, larger randomized placebo-controlled trial, 271 @entity0 with @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity7 were randomized to receive placebo or multiple doses of @entity8 at 100, 400 or 800 mg/day for 12 weeks. A maximum @entity6 of at least 5 lb (2.25 kg) was observed in 64.2% of @entity0 in the 800-mg @entity8 group compared with 21.4% in the placebo group (p < 0.0001). Mean maximum weight change from baseline to last evaluation was +8.3 lb in the 800-mg group and -1.1 lb in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Mean change in lean body mass from baseline to last evaluation was +2.5 lb in the 800-mg group versus -1.7 lb in the placebo group (p < 0.001). A significant improvement in appetite was seen in @entity0 receiving 800 mg @entity8 compared with @entity0 receiving placebo. No significant @entity2 was observed with @entity8 therapy. @entity8 is an effective treatment for some @entity0 with @entity5 -related @entity4 and @entity7 .

title: Randomized trials of @entity8 for @entity5 -associated @entity4 and XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Involuntary @entity3 is a frequent complication of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and ultimately affects the majority of @entity0 . The deleterious effects of @entity3 on immune function and the physical and psychological sequelae of severe @entity3 are well recognized. @entity8 induces appetite stimulation and nonfluid @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity1 . In a pilot study, @entity8 produced nonfluid @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity5 . Two double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials of @entity8 for the treatment of @entity5 -related @entity4 and @entity7 have shown improvements in body weight with treatment. In a multicenter trial reported by Flynn et al. at the 7th International Conference on @entity5 (1992), 65 @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity3 of > 10% of ideal body weight were randomized to placebo or @entity8 800 mg/day. @entity8 -treated @entity0 had a significantly greater mean maximum @entity6 (p = 0.027) and appetite stimulation (p = 0.021) than did placebo-treated @entity0 . In a second, larger randomized placebo-controlled trial, 271 @entity0 with @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity7 were randomized to receive placebo or multiple doses of @entity8 at 100, 400 or 800 mg/day for 12 weeks. A maximum @entity6 of at least 5 lb (2.25 kg) was observed in 64.2% of @entity0 in the 800-mg @entity8 group compared with 21.4% in the placebo group (p < 0.0001). Mean maximum weight change from baseline to last evaluation was +8.3 lb in the 800-mg group and -1.1 lb in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Mean change in lean body mass from baseline to last evaluation was +2.5 lb in the 800-mg group versus -1.7 lb in the placebo group (p < 0.001). A significant improvement in appetite was seen in @entity0 receiving 800 mg @entity8 compared with @entity0 receiving placebo. No significant @entity2 was observed with @entity8 therapy. @entity8 is an effective treatment for some @entity0 with @entity5 -related @entity4 and @entity7 .

title: Randomized trials of @entity8 for @entity5 -associated XXXX and @entity7 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Involuntary @entity3 is a frequent complication of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and ultimately affects the majority of @entity0 . The deleterious effects of @entity3 on immune function and the physical and psychological sequelae of severe @entity3 are well recognized. @entity8 induces appetite stimulation and nonfluid @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity1 . In a pilot study, @entity8 produced nonfluid @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity5 . Two double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trials of @entity8 for the treatment of @entity5 -related @entity4 and @entity7 have shown improvements in body weight with treatment. In a multicenter trial reported by Flynn et al. at the 7th International Conference on @entity5 (1992), 65 @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity3 of > 10% of ideal body weight were randomized to placebo or @entity8 800 mg/day. @entity8 -treated @entity0 had a significantly greater mean maximum @entity6 (p = 0.027) and appetite stimulation (p = 0.021) than did placebo-treated @entity0 . In a second, larger randomized placebo-controlled trial, 271 @entity0 with @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity7 were randomized to receive placebo or multiple doses of @entity8 at 100, 400 or 800 mg/day for 12 weeks. A maximum @entity6 of at least 5 lb (2.25 kg) was observed in 64.2% of @entity0 in the 800-mg @entity8 group compared with 21.4% in the placebo group (p < 0.0001). Mean maximum weight change from baseline to last evaluation was +8.3 lb in the 800-mg group and -1.1 lb in the placebo group (p < 0.001). Mean change in lean body mass from baseline to last evaluation was +2.5 lb in the 800-mg group versus -1.7 lb in the placebo group (p < 0.001). A significant improvement in appetite was seen in @entity0 receiving 800 mg @entity8 compared with @entity0 receiving placebo. No significant @entity2 was observed with @entity8 therapy. @entity8 is an effective treatment for some @entity0 with @entity5 -related @entity4 and @entity7 .

title: Randomized trials of XXXX for @entity5 -associated @entity4 and @entity7 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: Vascular @entity3 independently predicts @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and computed tomography (CT) is a useful tool to evaluate and quantify not only coronary but also @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Previous @entity5 progression reports were limited to dialysis and renal transplant @entity0 . This is the first study to evaluate @entity5 progression in a large multiethnic cohort without clinically evident @entity2 at entry. METHODS: Non-contrast-enhanced cardiac CTs were obtained in 5886 of 6814 Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity4 (MESA) @entity0 (mean age, 62  years; 48% males; 40% white, 27% black, 21% Hispanic, and 12% Chinese). Baseline and follow-up @entity5 scores were derived. RESULTS: Overall, 4308 (73%) @entity0 had no detectable baseline @entity5 . Mean follow-up duration was 2.4      0.8  years, during which 12% developed @entity5 . The overall incidence rate was 4.8%/year and was greater with age across gender and ethnic groups; @entity5 incidence was significantly lower in blacks than whites. After adjustment for follow-up duration, regression analyses showed age, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensives, and smoking were associated with incident @entity5 . A total of 1578 (27%) @entity0 had @entity5 at baseline with a positive association between average annual @entity5 change and baseline age. Although the overall median change was 32.9 (-1.4 to 112.2) Agatston units, 27% showed an annual score change of >= 100 and blacks showed the lowest median across ethnic groups; 22.7 (-3 to 86.8). Age, systolic blood pressure, lipid-lowering medication, @entity1 , and smoking were associated with @entity5 progression. CONCLUSIONS: In MESA, traditional CV risk factors were related to both @entity5 incidence and progression. Blacks had the lowest incidence and median change across ethnic groups, consistent with previous findings for coronary @entity3 .

title: Risk Factors for the Development and Progression of Thoracic Aorta Calcification: The Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: In an era of increased demands and constrained budgets, it is necessary to make the best use of all available resources. This is difficult when specialized vision care, such as @entity1 clinical assessment, is involved because of the heterogeneity of the @entity0 populations seen by such clinics. PURPOSE. This research attempts to discover if these diverse @entity0 populations can be identified and clustered into groups based upon similarity of clinical resources use. Specifically, the inquiry examines the potential for a @entity1 @entity0 resource utilization classification scheme at the @entity1 Clinic (LVC) in the Centre for Sight Enhancement (CSE), University of Waterloo. METHODS. From a sample of 99 @entity0 consulting the LVC in a 3-month period, retrospective data collection involved abstracting and coding medical records containing information detailing each @entity0 's demographic, diagnostic, therapeutic, and resource utilization characteristics. Cluster analysis using Hartigan's block clustering algorithm was then applied to the data. A replication study was completed using a sample of 99 @entity0 visiting the LVC 1 year later. RESULTS. @entity0 can be classified into five iso-resource groups, hereby termed @entity1 @entity0 resource groups (LVPRGs). The clusters represent a resource consistent and clinically coherent scheme for classifying @entity1 @entity0 based upon resource requirements. As a measure of repeatability, the groups reemerged in the replication study. CONCLUSIONS. If the groupings demonstrate robustness in a field test, clustering algorithms in general, and LVPRGs in specific, may offer useful tools to enhance resource utilization in the LVC setting.

title: XXXX resource usage prediction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the pharmacokinetic disposition of intravenous @entity3 and its metabolite @entity9 in neonates with the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and to evaluate the subsequent degree of @entity7 oxidase inhibition using serum @entity4 as a marker. METHODS: Pharmacokinetic data were evaluated in 12 stable preoperative neonates with @entity6 after a single intravenous @entity3 administration of 5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for elimination half-life, clearance, volume of distribution, and mean residence time. @entity7 oxidase inhibition, measured by serum @entity4 reduction, was also measured. RESULTS: Pharmacokinetic parameters revealed no statistically significant differences between a 5-mg/kg and 10-mg/kg dose of intravenous @entity3 on elimination half-life, clearance, volume of distribution, and mean residence time. Mean serum @entity4 levels were significantly reduced from baseline by 39.99 and 42.94%, respectively, in the 5- and 10-mg/kg treatment groups. DISCUSSION: The enzyme @entity7 oxidase plays a key biochemical role in the generation of toxic @entity0 -derived free radicals during @entity1 -reperfusion conditions. @entity3 and its active metabolite @entity9 inhibit @entity7 oxidase, and significantly reduce the conversion of @entity8 to @entity7 and @entity7 to @entity4 . @entity2 may be caused by toxic @entity0 free radicals produced by @entity1 -reperfusion injury such as could occur during the repair of @entity6 under hypothermic total @entity5 . We hypothesize that @entity3 may provide protection from cellular injury in this clinical context.

title: The pharmacokinetics of injectable XXXX in newborns with the @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the pharmacokinetic disposition of intravenous @entity3 and its metabolite @entity9 in neonates with the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and to evaluate the subsequent degree of @entity7 oxidase inhibition using serum @entity4 as a marker. METHODS: Pharmacokinetic data were evaluated in 12 stable preoperative neonates with @entity6 after a single intravenous @entity3 administration of 5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined for elimination half-life, clearance, volume of distribution, and mean residence time. @entity7 oxidase inhibition, measured by serum @entity4 reduction, was also measured. RESULTS: Pharmacokinetic parameters revealed no statistically significant differences between a 5-mg/kg and 10-mg/kg dose of intravenous @entity3 on elimination half-life, clearance, volume of distribution, and mean residence time. Mean serum @entity4 levels were significantly reduced from baseline by 39.99 and 42.94%, respectively, in the 5- and 10-mg/kg treatment groups. DISCUSSION: The enzyme @entity7 oxidase plays a key biochemical role in the generation of toxic @entity0 -derived free radicals during @entity1 -reperfusion conditions. @entity3 and its active metabolite @entity9 inhibit @entity7 oxidase, and significantly reduce the conversion of @entity8 to @entity7 and @entity7 to @entity4 . @entity2 may be caused by toxic @entity0 free radicals produced by @entity1 -reperfusion injury such as could occur during the repair of @entity6 under hypothermic total @entity5 . We hypothesize that @entity3 may provide protection from cellular injury in this clinical context.

title: The pharmacokinetics of injectable @entity3 in newborns with the XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the natural history of and risk factors for @entity5 in the first 6 years of life. METHODS: Parents of 747 healthy @entity0 followed from birth completed a questionnaire when the @entity0 was 6 years old. Data were obtained regarding physician-diagnosed @entity5 (PDAR), associated symptoms, and age at onset. Risk-factor data were taken from earlier questionnaires, and data regarding immunoglobulin E (IgE) and skin-test reactivity were obtained at age 6. RESULTS: By the age of 6, 42% of @entity0 had PDAR. @entity0 whose @entity6 began in the first year of life had more respiratory symptoms at age 6 and were more likely to have a diagnosis of @entity3 . Early introduction of foods or formula, heavy maternal cigarette smoking in the first year of life, and higher IgE, as well as @entity1 , were associated with early development of @entity6 . Risk factors for PDAR that remained significant in a multivariate model included maternal history of physician-diagnosed @entity4 (odds ratio: 2.2, 95% confidence interval: 1.35-3.54), @entity3 in the @entity0 (4.06, 2.06-7.99), and IgE greater than 100 IU/mL at age 6 (1.93, 1.18-3.17). The odds for atopic as opposed to nonatopic PDAR were significantly higher only among those with high IgE and those who had @entity2 . CONCLUSION: @entity5 developing in the first years of life is an early manifestation of an @entity7 , which may be triggered by early environmental mental exposures.

title: Epidemiology of physician-diagnosed XXXX in childhood.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage was performed on @entity1 @entity0 , who had obstruction of the bile duct, in order to determine the exact site and nature of the @entity2 . In the present series, six @entity0 were treated with external biliary drainage. Four of them received this treatment prior to radical surgery. In the remaining two cases the external drainage was a palliative procedure. In five @entity0 , the drainage catheter was internalized through the obstructed bile duct (internal biliary drainage). One of these @entity0 was subsequently treated with radical surgery. In two cases, the internal biliary drainage was palliative. In the two remaining cases, intraluminal selective irradiation was introduced via Iridium 192 flexible wires. Severe @entity3 occurred in one @entity0 , who was successfully treated by lithotomy and "T" tube drainage. We conclude that the simplicity and low cost of these drainage procedures recommend them as extremely useful for the diagnosis and treatment of obstructive @entity1 @entity0 .

title: [Transhepatic biliary drainage as a method in the diagnosis and treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The present study includes all @entity0 with a traumatic @entity1 in Sweden who became pregnant and delivered live @entity0 during 1980-1991. This group comprises six tetraplegic and 20 paraplegic @entity0 , all confined to a wheelchair. During the above mentioned period the @entity0 had delivered a total of 47 @entity0 . The study evaluated parental ability and quality of family life as regards interpersonal relationships, family relationships, social integration, recreational interests and demand for external assistance. An individual standardised interview was performed with all @entity0 . In addition a standardised questionnaire was sent to all spouses (n = 20) and to all @entity0 above 10 years of age (n = 10). All 26 @entity0 participated, 18 spouses completed and returned the questionnaires and all @entity0 took part in the study. We found an overall favourable outcome as regards the parameters evaluated. The families seem to live a rich and complete family life with very little demand for external help. They report a well functioning social network and seem socially integrated both as individuals and as families. To conclude, the study indicates that there is no reason to question females with an SCI in their roles as parents. The @entity1 per se, in females, thus does not preclude the possibility of having a family and caring for @entity0 adequately.

title: Motherhood after traumatic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Intracellular free @entity1 concentration ([ @entity1 ]i) was monitored using the fluorescence from the dye @entity3 -AM in single myometrial cells from pregnant @entity0 . @entity2 and @entity5 applied to the cell evoked an initial peak in [ @entity1 ]i followed by a smaller sustained rise which was rapidly terminated upon removal of @entity5 or persisted after @entity2 removal. A @entity1 channel blocker ( @entity11 ) and external @entity1 removal decreased both the transient and sustained rises in [ @entity1 ]i suggesting that @entity1 influx through L-type @entity1 channels participated in the global @entity1 response induced by @entity2 . However, the initial peak in [ @entity1 ]i produced by @entity2 was mainly due to @entity1 store release: it was abolished by inclusion of heparin [which blocks @entity4 (InsP3) receptors] in the pipette (whole-cell recording mode of patch-clamp) and external application of @entity6 (which blocks sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity1 -ATPases). In contrast, the transient @entity1 response induced by @entity2 was unaffected by @entity9 . Moreover, @entity8 failed to induce a rise in [ @entity1 ]i but reduced the @entity2 -induced transient @entity1 response. The later sustained rise in [ @entity1 ]i produced by @entity2 was due to the entry of @entity1 into the cell as it was suppressed in external @entity1 -free solution. The @entity1 entry pathway is permeable to @entity7 ions, in contrast to that described in various vascular and visceral smooth muscle cells. @entity2 -induced @entity1 release is blocked by the @entity2 antagonist @entity10 . The prolonged increase in [ @entity1 ]i after @entity2 removal is rapidly terminated by addition of the @entity2 antagonist suggesting that @entity2 dissociation from its receptor is very slow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX mobilizes calcium from a unique heparin-sensitive and @entity6 -sensitive store in single myometrial cells from pregnant @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Intracellular free @entity1 concentration ([ @entity1 ]i) was monitored using the fluorescence from the dye @entity3 -AM in single myometrial cells from pregnant @entity0 . @entity2 and @entity5 applied to the cell evoked an initial peak in [ @entity1 ]i followed by a smaller sustained rise which was rapidly terminated upon removal of @entity5 or persisted after @entity2 removal. A @entity1 channel blocker ( @entity11 ) and external @entity1 removal decreased both the transient and sustained rises in [ @entity1 ]i suggesting that @entity1 influx through L-type @entity1 channels participated in the global @entity1 response induced by @entity2 . However, the initial peak in [ @entity1 ]i produced by @entity2 was mainly due to @entity1 store release: it was abolished by inclusion of heparin [which blocks @entity4 (InsP3) receptors] in the pipette (whole-cell recording mode of patch-clamp) and external application of @entity6 (which blocks sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity1 -ATPases). In contrast, the transient @entity1 response induced by @entity2 was unaffected by @entity9 . Moreover, @entity8 failed to induce a rise in [ @entity1 ]i but reduced the @entity2 -induced transient @entity1 response. The later sustained rise in [ @entity1 ]i produced by @entity2 was due to the entry of @entity1 into the cell as it was suppressed in external @entity1 -free solution. The @entity1 entry pathway is permeable to @entity7 ions, in contrast to that described in various vascular and visceral smooth muscle cells. @entity2 -induced @entity1 release is blocked by the @entity2 antagonist @entity10 . The prolonged increase in [ @entity1 ]i after @entity2 removal is rapidly terminated by addition of the @entity2 antagonist suggesting that @entity2 dissociation from its receptor is very slow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity2 mobilizes calcium from a unique heparin-sensitive and XXXX -sensitive store in single myometrial cells from pregnant @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Intracellular free @entity1 concentration ([ @entity1 ]i) was monitored using the fluorescence from the dye @entity3 -AM in single myometrial cells from pregnant @entity0 . @entity2 and @entity5 applied to the cell evoked an initial peak in [ @entity1 ]i followed by a smaller sustained rise which was rapidly terminated upon removal of @entity5 or persisted after @entity2 removal. A @entity1 channel blocker ( @entity11 ) and external @entity1 removal decreased both the transient and sustained rises in [ @entity1 ]i suggesting that @entity1 influx through L-type @entity1 channels participated in the global @entity1 response induced by @entity2 . However, the initial peak in [ @entity1 ]i produced by @entity2 was mainly due to @entity1 store release: it was abolished by inclusion of heparin [which blocks @entity4 (InsP3) receptors] in the pipette (whole-cell recording mode of patch-clamp) and external application of @entity6 (which blocks sarcoplasmic reticulum @entity1 -ATPases). In contrast, the transient @entity1 response induced by @entity2 was unaffected by @entity9 . Moreover, @entity8 failed to induce a rise in [ @entity1 ]i but reduced the @entity2 -induced transient @entity1 response. The later sustained rise in [ @entity1 ]i produced by @entity2 was due to the entry of @entity1 into the cell as it was suppressed in external @entity1 -free solution. The @entity1 entry pathway is permeable to @entity7 ions, in contrast to that described in various vascular and visceral smooth muscle cells. @entity2 -induced @entity1 release is blocked by the @entity2 antagonist @entity10 . The prolonged increase in [ @entity1 ]i after @entity2 removal is rapidly terminated by addition of the @entity2 antagonist suggesting that @entity2 dissociation from its receptor is very slow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity2 mobilizes calcium from a unique heparin-sensitive and @entity6 -sensitive store in single myometrial cells from pregnant XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In 9 clinics 177 @entity0 (68 @entity0 and 109 @entity0 ) aged 23-69 years with @entity7 (TC above 6.5 mmol/L) were treated with @entity8 for 12 weeks. The treatment was started with 20 mg daily. The dose was doubled every 4 weeks, if the total serum @entity2 level did not fall below 5.2 mmol/L. For 4 weeks before treatment with @entity8 all @entity0 received placebo. After the first 4 weeks of therapy the mean TC level decreased significantly (from 8.09 mmol/L to 6.54 mmol/L) by 18.5%. In comparison with the results after placebo (the starting value), after the 8 weeks of the therapy the TC level reduction reached 22.4% and after 12 weeks 23.5%. The mean LDL @entity2 decreased by 26.1%, 30.8% and 32.9% after 4.8 and 12 weeks of @entity8 treatment respectively. An increase in HDL @entity2 by 5.9%, 6.0% and 7.6% and decrease in @entity5 level by 10.7%, 14.9% and 14.0% respectively was also observed. In 6 @entity0 on @entity8 treatment symptoms of acute @entity6 in 1 case, a @entity3 in 1 case and aggravation of @entity4 in 4 cases were noticed. These symptoms in the light of our knowledge of the mechanism of action of the drug used and of its side effects described in other trials, may be considered of independent on @entity8 . The treatment was discontinued in 5 cases (because of gastrointestinal intolerance in 2 @entity0 , of aggravation of @entity4 in 2 @entity0 and of @entity1 in the right hypochondrium in 1 @entity0 who himself decided to stop the therapy).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX in the treatment of @entity7 ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: In 9 clinics 177 @entity0 (68 @entity0 and 109 @entity0 ) aged 23-69 years with @entity7 (TC above 6.5 mmol/L) were treated with @entity8 for 12 weeks. The treatment was started with 20 mg daily. The dose was doubled every 4 weeks, if the total serum @entity2 level did not fall below 5.2 mmol/L. For 4 weeks before treatment with @entity8 all @entity0 received placebo. After the first 4 weeks of therapy the mean TC level decreased significantly (from 8.09 mmol/L to 6.54 mmol/L) by 18.5%. In comparison with the results after placebo (the starting value), after the 8 weeks of the therapy the TC level reduction reached 22.4% and after 12 weeks 23.5%. The mean LDL @entity2 decreased by 26.1%, 30.8% and 32.9% after 4.8 and 12 weeks of @entity8 treatment respectively. An increase in HDL @entity2 by 5.9%, 6.0% and 7.6% and decrease in @entity5 level by 10.7%, 14.9% and 14.0% respectively was also observed. In 6 @entity0 on @entity8 treatment symptoms of acute @entity6 in 1 case, a @entity3 in 1 case and aggravation of @entity4 in 4 cases were noticed. These symptoms in the light of our knowledge of the mechanism of action of the drug used and of its side effects described in other trials, may be considered of independent on @entity8 . The treatment was discontinued in 5 cases (because of gastrointestinal intolerance in 2 @entity0 , of aggravation of @entity4 in 2 @entity0 and of @entity1 in the right hypochondrium in 1 @entity0 who himself decided to stop the therapy).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity8 in the treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: With effective screening programmes, the global incidence of @entity0 has risen to 15%, representing 20 to 30% of the mammographically detected T0 @entity3 . Prognosis is generally good in these @entity3 , but treatment has in the past, paradoxically, relied on extensive surgery. We report our experience with conservative radiosurgery performed in such cases from 1980 to 1990. METHODS: There were 86 @entity1 with a mean age of 52 years. Initial TNM classification was T0 = 57, T1 = 17, T2 = 9 and Tx = 3. All underwent limited surgery (quadrantectomy: 17; lumpectomy: 69) and 49 had axillary dissection. All received breast irradiation with scar boost (46-50 Gy + 10-14 Gy with classical fractionation). Thirty one postmenopausal @entity1 received adjuvant @entity5 . The quality of the resection was good in 77 cases, doubtful or incomplete in 9. In one case axillary nodal involvement was found. The histological subtype was clearly identified in 63 cases. With a median follow-up of 58 months, 3 local relapses occurred (3.4%), at 27, 48 and 52 months respectively. One was in situ and two invasive. All were clinical lesions (2 T1 and 1 T2); two had incomplete or doubtful excision and all received less than 60 Gy on the @entity3 bed. All had mastectomy. Two are alive and well but one developed multiple @entity2 . Five other @entity1 had subsequent surgery for suspicion of local relapse but all had benign disease. One developed @entity4 20 months later. Two @entity1 died subsequently due to a second @entity3 . CONCLUSION: These results confirm the importance of the excision quality and suggests a possible dose-effect in the control of @entity6 by radiotherapy. The recent results of the B-17 NSBAP trial also conclude that the radiosurgical conservative treatment, for limited @entity6 , is a reasonable alternative to mastectomy.

title: [Conservative radiosurgical treatment in in situ ductal XXXX . Analysis of 86 cases].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Analysis of intermediate- and long-term results of surgical treatment of @entity1 is lacking. We therefore retrospectively studied 23 @entity0 with @entity1 (14 males, 9 females) who have been followed from 3 months to 8.1 years (mean 42.5 months) after operation. Age at first operation ranged from 2 to 56 months (mean 8.2 months), with 15 @entity0 operated on before 6 months and 8 after 7 months. Fronto-orbital remodeling and calvarial vault reshaping with floating forehead techniques were carried out in all @entity0 . Stabilization of bony segments was accomplished with microplates and screws in 7 @entity0 (30 percent), wires in 15 (65 percent), and absorbable sutures in 1. Complications included minor wound dehiscence (n = 1), @entity2 (n = 1), and @entity3 (n = 1). Postoperative photographic documentation of surgical results was available in 17 of the 23 @entity0 . Aesthetic outcome in these 17 @entity0 was graded (I = none or minor contour irregularities; II = moderate; and III = severe) by one of the authors (Cohen) and by a lay panel (n = 3) according to the degree of @entity4 . Judged by the surgeon, grade I results were present in 53 percent, grade II in 35 percent, and grade III in 12 percent. To date, total reoperation (reoperative fronto-orbital remodeling and calvarial vault reshaping) was necessary in 2 @entity0 (9 percent), one of whom had signs of @entity3 3 years after the original craniofacial procedure, while partial reoperation (temporal cranioplasty) was carried out (n = 2) or recommended (n = 3) in another 5 @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX : evaluation of aesthetic results.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In a clinical experiment, @entity0 with intractable capsular contracture were treated with intracapsular injections of @entity3 . One group consisted of 16 @entity0 with @entity2 that could not be released with closed compression. In this group, there was modest success, with correction of the problem without surgery in less than half. The second group consisted of 4 @entity0 who had each had at least three previous closed capsulotomies with recurrent contracture. In this group, all @entity2 were resolved without operation. There were four major complications and several minor complications. Major complications included three cases of major @entity1 requiring surgical correction. This problem appeared to have been eliminated by reduction of the dose. There was one implant puncture. The potential role of this method in clinical practice will require further study, but it appears to have its greatest utility in prevention of recurrent contracture.

title: Intracapsular injection of XXXX for intractable capsule contracture.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Two-hundred-sixty-two @entity2 were treated by electrocoagulation over a six-year period. Eighty-four percent of these lesions were @entity2 . The overall recurrence rate was 3% in a personal 2--9-year follow-up. Those lesions measuring 2--5 cm had a 4% recurrence rate. All operations were done on an ambulatory basis. One-third of the @entity0 were 70 years of age or older. This method has been found to be effective in the treatment of postradiation recurrences of @entity1 . Up to now such recurrences have defied attempts at cure. The technique is simple, safe, convenient, economical, and highly effective. It is believed that electrocoagulation and curettage should be considered the ideal therapy for those @entity1 in all locations in which surgical excision and primary closure cannot be done without plastic surgical intervention.

title: Electrocoagulation for XXXX : an old oncologic tool revisited.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Medium chain glycerides (MCGs) have been reported to enhance intestinal absorption of hydrophilic drugs. However, the mechanisms involved in absorption enhancement are not well understood. The effects of MCGs (CapMul @entity4 ) on physiological properties of @entity0 ileum and distal colon, including active ion transport, transepithelial resistance (Rt) and passive permeability, have been investigated in vitro. CapMul @entity4 inhibited active ion transport (measured as a decrease in short-circuit current, Isc) in both intestinal segments in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibition of Isc was rapidly reversible (within 100 min) upon removal of CapMul @entity4 . The data indicate that CapMul @entity4 preferentially affected ion transport by villus cells in the ileum and surface cells in the distal colon. Ion transport in crypt cells in both segments was not significantly altered. Rt of the ileum was not significantly affected by 5% CapMul @entity4 , while @entity1 transport was 6 fold enhanced. Treatment of distal colon with 1% CapMul @entity4 reduced Rt by 95%, while @entity1 transport was 100 fold enhanced. In a parallel experiment, mucosal(m)-to-serosal(s) transport of @entity3 , a @entity2 antibiotic, in the ileum was about 40% reduced in the presence of 5% CapMul @entity4 , whereas transport in the s-to-m direction was 2.5 fold enhanced. Treatment of the distal colon with 1% CapMul @entity4 resulted in 25 fold enhancement of @entity3 transport in either direction. These results suggest that absorption enhancement by MCGs results from an increased permeability of the intestine confined to the villus or surface epithelium.

title: Effect of medium-chain glycerides on physiological properties of XXXX intestinal epithelium in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Two @entity0 -materials with @entity3 are analyzed: a group of 22 @entity0 who, during the period 1971-1974, were treated with esophageal resection followed by esophagogastrostomy or colonic interpolation; a second group of 28 @entity0 from 1975-1978, who were treated in the same way, but also given either preoperative or postoperative radiation therapy, or both. Surgical mortality was about the same in the two groups: 25-32%. The group given radiation therapy had a one-year survival rate of 50%, as compared with 23% in the group treated solely with surgery. All 24 @entity0 given combined therapy, with all or part of the absorbed dose of 24-47 Gy given preoperatively, showed @entity2 in resected specimens. @entity2 was found in the periesophageal nodes in only six @entity0 (25%), however; @entity0 given no preoperative radiation therapy had @entity2 in 20 of 26 cases (77%; P less than 0.01). Celiac nodes were resected at laparotomy; when @entity2 was found, the celiac region was irradiated postoperatively. This finding does not appear to exclude long-term survival, as two @entity0 with @entity1 to the celiac nodes at operation are alive 16 and 20.5 months following surgery. Simple compared to troublesome dissection gives a better rate of survival. The spleen was unintentionally injured in 21 @entity0 at laparotomy and had to be removed. One-year survival was better in @entity0 with intact spleen, especially in those who also had radiation therapy. @entity0 with resected spleen succumbed from @entity1 more often than from mediastinal recurrence, as compared with the @entity0 with intact spleen.

title: Surgery alone or combined with radiation therapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We retrospectively studied an incidence and clinical features of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) from chest roentgenograms and clinical records of our 50 inpatients, comparing those in severely mentally and physically disabled @entity0 . Nine out of 50 (18%) @entity4 @entity0 experienced @entity6 , and their chest roentgenograms showed no evidence of underlying @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity1 . They were all asymptomatic. Clinical course was well, however, relapse occurred in 4 cases. The onset age was 20 or more in 7 @entity0 (78%), and the incidence of @entity6 in @entity0 aged 20 or more was 31%, which was 7.4 times higher than that of younger @entity0 . Body weight at the onset of @entity6 was all below 30 kg, tended to be lower than that of @entity6 negative cases. Some @entity0 experienced @entity6 after having lost their weight. @entity6 occurred much more frequently on the right side (right only, 7 cases; left only, 0; bilateral, 2 cases). @entity2 and artificial ventilation were not major risk factors. We examined chest roentgenograms of 41 severely mentally and physically disabled inpatients, age, sex, and body weight matched and found no @entity6 . We conclude that @entity6 is frequent and asymptomatic in @entity4 and the major risk factors of @entity6 are age (above 20 years old) and body weight (below 30 kg), while @entity2 , and artificial ventilation are not essential.

title: [Spontaneous pneumothorax in XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The eye is relatively impermeable to micro-organisms and other environmental elements. However, if corneal integrity is breached by trauma, a sight-threatening @entity8 can result. @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity4 are the most common bacterial pathogens associated with @entity3 of compromised corneas. Bacterial enzymes and toxins, as well as factors associated with the host immune response, can lead to tissue destruction during @entity3 . For successful therapy, an antibacterial agent must be active against the pathogen and must be able to overcome the permeability barrier of the @entity2 . Topical application of antibacterial agents adequately delivers drugs to the @entity2 . However, drug concentrations at the site of @entity3 are not always sufficient to rapidly kill infective organisms. Infections with antibiotic-resistant strains present an even greater therapeutic challenge. In addition, sterilisation of the @entity2 by antibacterial agents does not eliminate @entity1 and corneal scarring that accompany @entity3 . Steroidal and non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents limit corneal scarring during experimentally induced @entity7 . However, although promising, concomitant use of these drugs with antibacterial agents remains controversial. Two ocular drug delivery systems that provide high and sustained concentrations of drug to ocular tissues are corneal collagen shields and transcorneal iontophoresis. The collagen shield, originally designed as a bandage lens, prolongs drug contact with the @entity2 . Chemotherapeutic studies of experimental @entity7 demonstrate that shields hydrated with antibacterial agents reduce bacteria in the @entity2 as well as or better than frequent applications of fortified antibacterial drops. Transcorneal iontophoresis uses an electric current to drive charged drugs into the @entity2 . In experimentally induced @entity7 , transcorneal iontophoresis of antibacterial agents is superior to topically administered ocular drops for reducing the numbers of bacteria in the @entity2 . Although both drug delivery systems appear to be well tolerated and nontoxic in animal models, clinical trials in @entity0 are required to determine the usefulness of these drug delivery systems in clinical trials. Based on present experimental results, future therapy of @entity7 will involve efficient drug delivery devices, the use of new antibacterial agents or combinations of presently available antibacterial agents, and careful use of adjuvant anti-inflammatory agents.

title: Pharmacokinetic considerations in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The differential diagnosis of @entity1 reactions associated with anticonvulsants requires accuracy because of the many implications for @entity0 management. We tested an integrated Bayesian and biochemical diagnostic approach. METHODS: The @entity0 were analyzed clinically by two tests. One test, the Bayesian Adverse Reaction Diagnostic Instrument (BARDI), calculates the posterior probability of a drug being the cause based on epidemiologic and case data. The other, the lymphocyte @entity2 assay, is an in vitro rechallenge that determines the percentage of cell death attributable to a @entity2 . The setting for the study was an adverse drug reaction clinic at Sunnybrook Health Science Centre and the Hospital for Sick @entity0 , Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Fifty-one @entity0 who had @entity1 reactions after receiving aromatic anticonvulsants were tested. Four of these @entity0 had more than one reaction reported, with different anticonvulsants generating 56 distinct events. RESULTS: Compared to the lymphocyte @entity2 assay, BARDI had 94% sensitivity, 93% accuracy, and 50% specificity. When lymphocyte @entity2 assay data were incorporated into BARDI, agreement rose from 93% to 100%. BARDI also identified which drug was a more likely cause for 11 @entity0 receiving multiple anticonvulsants. CONCLUSION: These findings show that BARDI and the lymphocyte @entity2 assay have high concordance and, when used in an integrated approach, these tests can improve the diagnostic accuracy and enhance the management of @entity0 with @entity1 reactions.

title: Enhanced differential diagnosis of anticonvulsant XXXX reactions by an integrated Bayesian and biochemical approach.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The occurrence of significant @entity1 associated with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and the incidence of @entity3 in family members of @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 are poorly defined. We reviewed our experience in 143 @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 . Eleven (8 percent) of the 143 @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity3 had a history of either massive hemoptysis or of hemothorax which required hospitalization. One @entity0 died directly related to the @entity1 . There were four @entity0 and seven @entity0 . Three of the seven @entity0 experienced @entity1 during pregnancy. Seven of the 11 families participated in screening for @entity3 . Thirty-six (80 percent) of the 45 screened family members were found to have @entity2 . Thirteen (36 percent) of the 36 family members with @entity2 were proven to have @entity3 by pulmonary angiography. @entity1 due to spontaneous rupture of the PAVM is a potentially life-threatening complication that should be treated aggressively with transcatheter embolotherapy. It occurs more frequently than previously recognized in @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 . In addition, because of the increased incidence of @entity3 in family members of @entity0 with @entity2 and PAVM, screening of family members with @entity2 is recommended especially in @entity0 of childbearing age.

title: Life-threatening @entity1 with XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The occurrence of significant @entity1 associated with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and the incidence of @entity3 in family members of @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 are poorly defined. We reviewed our experience in 143 @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 . Eleven (8 percent) of the 143 @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity3 had a history of either massive hemoptysis or of hemothorax which required hospitalization. One @entity0 died directly related to the @entity1 . There were four @entity0 and seven @entity0 . Three of the seven @entity0 experienced @entity1 during pregnancy. Seven of the 11 families participated in screening for @entity3 . Thirty-six (80 percent) of the 45 screened family members were found to have @entity2 . Thirteen (36 percent) of the 36 family members with @entity2 were proven to have @entity3 by pulmonary angiography. @entity1 due to spontaneous rupture of the PAVM is a potentially life-threatening complication that should be treated aggressively with transcatheter embolotherapy. It occurs more frequently than previously recognized in @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 . In addition, because of the increased incidence of @entity3 in family members of @entity0 with @entity2 and PAVM, screening of family members with @entity2 is recommended especially in @entity0 of childbearing age.

title: Life-threatening XXXX with @entity3 and @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The occurrence of significant @entity1 associated with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and the incidence of @entity3 in family members of @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 are poorly defined. We reviewed our experience in 143 @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 . Eleven (8 percent) of the 143 @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity3 had a history of either massive hemoptysis or of hemothorax which required hospitalization. One @entity0 died directly related to the @entity1 . There were four @entity0 and seven @entity0 . Three of the seven @entity0 experienced @entity1 during pregnancy. Seven of the 11 families participated in screening for @entity3 . Thirty-six (80 percent) of the 45 screened family members were found to have @entity2 . Thirteen (36 percent) of the 36 family members with @entity2 were proven to have @entity3 by pulmonary angiography. @entity1 due to spontaneous rupture of the PAVM is a potentially life-threatening complication that should be treated aggressively with transcatheter embolotherapy. It occurs more frequently than previously recognized in @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 . In addition, because of the increased incidence of @entity3 in family members of @entity0 with @entity2 and PAVM, screening of family members with @entity2 is recommended especially in @entity0 of childbearing age.

title: Life-threatening @entity1 with @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Kinetic correlations between the @entity2 bond reduction in excess @entity8 and the induced conformational change were studied on two proteins, @entity0 @entity7 and @entity1 @entity6 , at 25 degrees C and pH 8.0-8.5 by measuring the absorbance of oxidized @entity8 at 310 nm and the ellipticity at 270 nm, respectively. With @entity7 , in the absence of @entity3 (Gdn x @entity5 ) or in dilute Gdn x @entity5 , the kinetics for the bond reduction and the conformational change were both of a biphasic type. The fast phase was complete within a few seconds and was associated with the reduction of some of the @entity2 bonds and with almost complete loss of the tertiary structure. The slow phase was associated with the reduction of other @entity2 bonds. In concentrated Gdn x @entity5 , the kinetics of both processes were observed as a single phase, the rate of which was similar to that of the slow phase in the absence of Gdn x @entity5 or in dilute Gdn x @entity5 . In all cases studied, the rate of the bond reduction was similar to that of the conformational change induced. By correcting the change in absorbance at 310 nm to a contribution from the protein due to the conformational change, the number of bonds which are reduced in the fast phase in the absence of Gdn x @entity5 was determined to be 1.0-1.1. It was shown, taking observations of others and theoretical results into account, that the bond reduced in the fast phase might be the one between @entity4 6 and @entity4 120. On the other hand, on of two bonds of @entity1 @entity6 in the native form was reduced in the fast phase without any loss of the tertiary structure, and the other was reduced in the slow phase. Considering the results of other researchers, it was concluded that the bond reduced in the fast phase of the inhibitor is a 136-145 bond.

title: Kinetic correlations between the XXXX bond reduction and the induced conformational change of proteins.

answer: @entity2