abstract: UNASSIGNED: The incidence of @entity0 is sharply increasing. @entity0 is a leading cause of @entity2 as well as a significant burden on society. The incidence of @entity0 has shown a higher than average increase and will become an important concern in the future. Therefore, an overall and accurate understanding of the incidence of @entity0 is essential. In this study, which was based on the Korea National @entity0 Incidence Database, annual incident cases, age-standardized incidence rates, @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and distribution by age group were examined in kidney, @entity3 , respectively. From 1999 to 2011, the total number of each type of @entity0 was as follows: @entity4 (32,600 cases, 25.5%), @entity1 (37,950 cases, 29.7%), and @entity3 (57,332 cases, 44.8%). The age-standardized incidence rates of @entity3 showed a significant increase with an @entity5 of 12.3% in males. @entity4 gradually increased with an @entity5 of 6.0% for both sexes and became the second most frequent @entity0 after 2008. @entity1 showed no significant change with an @entity5 of -0.2% for both sexes and has decreased slightly since 2007. The distribution of @entity4 according to age showed two peaks in the 50- to 54-year-old and 65- to 69-year-old age groups. @entity3 occurred mostly in the 70- to 74-year-old age group. The proportions of male to female were 2.5:1 in @entity4 and 5.6:1 in @entity1 . We have summarized the incidence trends of kidney, @entity3 and have provided useful information for screening and management of these @entity0 in the future.

title: Incidence of kidney, XXXX in Korea: An update.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 contributes to neurodegeneration in post-ischemic brain, @entity1 , and @entity5 . @entity0 in this inflammatory response include activation of microglia and astrocytes. We studied the role of microglia treated with amyloid-b peptide (Ab) on hemichannel activity of astrocytes subjected to @entity9 in high @entity7 . Reoxygenation after 3   h @entity9 in high @entity7 induced transient astroglial permeabilization via @entity8 hemichannels and reduction in intercellular communication via @entity8 cell-cell channels. Both responses were greater and longer lasting in astrocytes previously exposed for 24 h to conditioned medium from Ab-treated microglia (CM-Ab). The effects of CM-Ab were mimicked by @entity6 and @entity12 and were abrogated by neutralizing @entity6 with soluble receptor and @entity12 with a receptor antagonist. Astrocytes under basal conditions protected neurons against @entity9 , but exposure to CM-Ab made them toxic to neurons subjected to a sub-lethal @entity9 /reoxygenation episode, revealing the additive nature of the insults. Astrocytes exposed to CM-Ab induced permeabilization of cortical neurons through activation of neuronal @entity15 ( @entity15 ) hemichannels by @entity11 and @entity13 released through astroglial @entity8 hemichannels. In agreement, inhibition of @entity4 or P2X receptors only partially reduced the activation of neuronal @entity15 hemichannels and neuronal mortality, but simultaneous inhibition of both receptors completely prevented the @entity14 response. Therefore, we suggest that responses to @entity11 and @entity13 converge in activation of neuronal @entity15 hemichannels. Thus, we propose that blocking hemichannels expressed by astrocytes and/or neurons in the inflamed nervous system could represent a novel and alternative strategy to reduce @entity10 in various pathological states including @entity5 , @entity1 and @entity3 .

title: @entity11 and XXXX released via astroglial @entity8 hemichannels mediate neuronal death through activation of @entity15 hemichannels.

answer: @entity13


abstract: @entity2 contributes to neurodegeneration in post-ischemic brain, @entity1 , and @entity5 . @entity0 in this inflammatory response include activation of microglia and astrocytes. We studied the role of microglia treated with amyloid-b peptide (Ab) on hemichannel activity of astrocytes subjected to @entity9 in high @entity7 . Reoxygenation after 3   h @entity9 in high @entity7 induced transient astroglial permeabilization via @entity8 hemichannels and reduction in intercellular communication via @entity8 cell-cell channels. Both responses were greater and longer lasting in astrocytes previously exposed for 24 h to conditioned medium from Ab-treated microglia (CM-Ab). The effects of CM-Ab were mimicked by @entity6 and @entity12 and were abrogated by neutralizing @entity6 with soluble receptor and @entity12 with a receptor antagonist. Astrocytes under basal conditions protected neurons against @entity9 , but exposure to CM-Ab made them toxic to neurons subjected to a sub-lethal @entity9 /reoxygenation episode, revealing the additive nature of the insults. Astrocytes exposed to CM-Ab induced permeabilization of cortical neurons through activation of neuronal @entity15 ( @entity15 ) hemichannels by @entity11 and @entity13 released through astroglial @entity8 hemichannels. In agreement, inhibition of @entity4 or P2X receptors only partially reduced the activation of neuronal @entity15 hemichannels and neuronal mortality, but simultaneous inhibition of both receptors completely prevented the @entity14 response. Therefore, we suggest that responses to @entity11 and @entity13 converge in activation of neuronal @entity15 hemichannels. Thus, we propose that blocking hemichannels expressed by astrocytes and/or neurons in the inflamed nervous system could represent a novel and alternative strategy to reduce @entity10 in various pathological states including @entity5 , @entity1 and @entity3 .

title: @entity11 and @entity13 released via astroglial XXXX hemichannels mediate neuronal death through activation of @entity15 hemichannels.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity2 contributes to neurodegeneration in post-ischemic brain, @entity1 , and @entity5 . @entity0 in this inflammatory response include activation of microglia and astrocytes. We studied the role of microglia treated with amyloid-b peptide (Ab) on hemichannel activity of astrocytes subjected to @entity9 in high @entity7 . Reoxygenation after 3   h @entity9 in high @entity7 induced transient astroglial permeabilization via @entity8 hemichannels and reduction in intercellular communication via @entity8 cell-cell channels. Both responses were greater and longer lasting in astrocytes previously exposed for 24 h to conditioned medium from Ab-treated microglia (CM-Ab). The effects of CM-Ab were mimicked by @entity6 and @entity12 and were abrogated by neutralizing @entity6 with soluble receptor and @entity12 with a receptor antagonist. Astrocytes under basal conditions protected neurons against @entity9 , but exposure to CM-Ab made them toxic to neurons subjected to a sub-lethal @entity9 /reoxygenation episode, revealing the additive nature of the insults. Astrocytes exposed to CM-Ab induced permeabilization of cortical neurons through activation of neuronal @entity15 ( @entity15 ) hemichannels by @entity11 and @entity13 released through astroglial @entity8 hemichannels. In agreement, inhibition of @entity4 or P2X receptors only partially reduced the activation of neuronal @entity15 hemichannels and neuronal mortality, but simultaneous inhibition of both receptors completely prevented the @entity14 response. Therefore, we suggest that responses to @entity11 and @entity13 converge in activation of neuronal @entity15 hemichannels. Thus, we propose that blocking hemichannels expressed by astrocytes and/or neurons in the inflamed nervous system could represent a novel and alternative strategy to reduce @entity10 in various pathological states including @entity5 , @entity1 and @entity3 .

title: XXXX and @entity13 released via astroglial @entity8 hemichannels mediate neuronal death through activation of @entity15 hemichannels.

answer: @entity11


abstract: @entity2 contributes to neurodegeneration in post-ischemic brain, @entity1 , and @entity5 . @entity0 in this inflammatory response include activation of microglia and astrocytes. We studied the role of microglia treated with amyloid-b peptide (Ab) on hemichannel activity of astrocytes subjected to @entity9 in high @entity7 . Reoxygenation after 3   h @entity9 in high @entity7 induced transient astroglial permeabilization via @entity8 hemichannels and reduction in intercellular communication via @entity8 cell-cell channels. Both responses were greater and longer lasting in astrocytes previously exposed for 24 h to conditioned medium from Ab-treated microglia (CM-Ab). The effects of CM-Ab were mimicked by @entity6 and @entity12 and were abrogated by neutralizing @entity6 with soluble receptor and @entity12 with a receptor antagonist. Astrocytes under basal conditions protected neurons against @entity9 , but exposure to CM-Ab made them toxic to neurons subjected to a sub-lethal @entity9 /reoxygenation episode, revealing the additive nature of the insults. Astrocytes exposed to CM-Ab induced permeabilization of cortical neurons through activation of neuronal @entity15 ( @entity15 ) hemichannels by @entity11 and @entity13 released through astroglial @entity8 hemichannels. In agreement, inhibition of @entity4 or P2X receptors only partially reduced the activation of neuronal @entity15 hemichannels and neuronal mortality, but simultaneous inhibition of both receptors completely prevented the @entity14 response. Therefore, we suggest that responses to @entity11 and @entity13 converge in activation of neuronal @entity15 hemichannels. Thus, we propose that blocking hemichannels expressed by astrocytes and/or neurons in the inflamed nervous system could represent a novel and alternative strategy to reduce @entity10 in various pathological states including @entity5 , @entity1 and @entity3 .

title: @entity11 and @entity13 released via astroglial @entity8 hemichannels mediate neuronal death through activation of XXXX hemichannels.

answer: @entity15


abstract: OBJECTIVE. @entity1 is an important cause of acute blood pressure (BP) elevation. However, the role of anxiolysis in this situation is still controversial. In this study, the relationship of @entity1 with BP and the effect of anxiolytic treatment on BP were investigated. METHODS. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 with an initial systolic BP (SBP) >=  160 mmHg or diastolic BP (DBP) >=  100 mmHg but no end organ damage were approached for inclusion in the study. In those consenting to participate, @entity1 levels were measured using the State-Trait @entity1 Index (STAI) and Visual Analog Scale for @entity1 (VAS-A). @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive oral @entity3 0.5 mg or @entity4 25 mg. BP and @entity1 levels were measured at baseline and at 1 and 2 h after administration of the study medication. RESULTS. Of 133 @entity0 meeting inclusion criteria, 53 @entity0 agreed to participate. Of these, 27 @entity0 (50.9%) received @entity4 and 26 @entity0 (49.1%) received @entity3 . The majority of the @entity0 had a high-level trait (96.2%, n = 51) and state @entity1 (81.1%, n = 43). The mean SBP and VAS-A values of both @entity0 groups dropped significantly over the 2 h, with no significant difference between the two groups. A significant association between SBP and VAS-A scores was found (F((2,50)) = 6.27, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: A significant association exists between the level of BP and @entity1 in hypertensive @entity2 @entity0 . @entity3 is as effective as @entity4 in lowering BP in @entity2 @entity0 with an initial SBP > 160 mmHg.

title: Comparison of XXXX versus @entity4 in high blood pressure: a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE. @entity1 is an important cause of acute blood pressure (BP) elevation. However, the role of anxiolysis in this situation is still controversial. In this study, the relationship of @entity1 with BP and the effect of anxiolytic treatment on BP were investigated. METHODS. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 with an initial systolic BP (SBP) >=  160 mmHg or diastolic BP (DBP) >=  100 mmHg but no end organ damage were approached for inclusion in the study. In those consenting to participate, @entity1 levels were measured using the State-Trait @entity1 Index (STAI) and Visual Analog Scale for @entity1 (VAS-A). @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive oral @entity3 0.5 mg or @entity4 25 mg. BP and @entity1 levels were measured at baseline and at 1 and 2 h after administration of the study medication. RESULTS. Of 133 @entity0 meeting inclusion criteria, 53 @entity0 agreed to participate. Of these, 27 @entity0 (50.9%) received @entity4 and 26 @entity0 (49.1%) received @entity3 . The majority of the @entity0 had a high-level trait (96.2%, n = 51) and state @entity1 (81.1%, n = 43). The mean SBP and VAS-A values of both @entity0 groups dropped significantly over the 2 h, with no significant difference between the two groups. A significant association between SBP and VAS-A scores was found (F((2,50)) = 6.27, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: A significant association exists between the level of BP and @entity1 in hypertensive @entity2 @entity0 . @entity3 is as effective as @entity4 in lowering BP in @entity2 @entity0 with an initial SBP > 160 mmHg.

title: Comparison of @entity3 versus XXXX in high blood pressure: a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: With the steady increase in life expectancy, invasive @entity1 is now becoming more prominent among gynecologic @entity1 . Early, careful examinations and informed @entity0 can aid in early diagnosis. @entity3 in situ, verified by biopsy, is best treated with wide local excision. Invasive @entity3 should be treated with radical vulvectomy and bilateral groin node dissection. The major source of morbidity is wound breakdown. The use of modified incision techniques and sartorius muscle transplantation have significantly decreased these @entity4 . The clinical staging system for @entity3 is approved by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO). The disease usually spreads systematically from the vulva to superficial groin nodes, to deep groin nodes, and then to pelvic nodes. Survival rates of 84% for stage I disease can be achieved. Evidence of positive groin nodes indicates a poor prognosis. However, even @entity0 with @entity5 can be surgically cured by radical surgery. Five of ten @entity0 (50%) with stage IV disease were @entity2 at five years with exenterative surgery. Any @entity0 who is a reasonable medical risk, with a @entity6 that is resectable, should be treated surgically. Otherwise, the @entity0 not only die, but they die in abject misery.

title: Diagnosis and management of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Claudins play an important role in tumor @entity1 and in invasiveness of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We have evaluated the relationship between @entity3 and expression of the claudin genes in Chinese @entity0 with @entity3 . We measured @entity4 and @entity7 mRNA using quantitative PCR, and protein levels with immunohistochemistry in @entity2 tissues and adjacent normal tissue. @entity2 tissues had significantly higher levels of @entity4 , and significantly lower levels of @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity7 than did normal tissue. @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity7 expression levels were higher in @entity3 of the protruded type than in @entity3 of the infiltrative type. Expression of @entity7 correlated with lymph node @entity1 . Stage N0 @entity2 tissues had higher levels of @entity7 than did stages N1 and N2, suggesting that @entity7 expression was closely related to the extent of lymph node @entity1 . @entity4 protein was upregulated, but @entity7 protein was downregulated in @entity2 tissues when compared with expression in adjacent normal tissues. In conclusion, @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity7 were significantly downregulated, whereas @entity4 was significantly upregulated in @entity3 . The altered expression of claudin genes may play a role in the initiation and development of @entity3 .

title: Dysregulation of Claudin family genes in XXXX in a Chinese population.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The presence of several glycoconjugates in colonic mucosa of @entity0 with @entity1 was assessed through indirect immunofluorescent staining using a collection of 23 monoclonal antibodies directed against @entity0 @entity5 (anti-HCM MAbs). Intensity and distribution of staining by three anti-HCM MAbs were significantly altered in mucosa from @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (n = 14) when compared with normal tissue (n = 15) and with tissue from @entity0 with @entity2 as well as other @entity4 (n = 15). Staining by anti-HCM MAb 17, which binds to colonic mucin glycoprotein species IV and V, was absent or diminished in 86% of samples from @entity0 with active @entity3 in contrast to 14% of normal and disease control specimens. Reduction in anti-HCM MAb 17 staining was less marked in mucosal biopsy specimens from @entity0 with @entity3 lacking acute inflammatory activity (n = 8). In contrast to the apparent loss of the MAb 17-defined epitopes, staining with anti-HCM MAbs 10 and 22 was enhanced in @entity3 tissue compared with normal and disease controls. Increased staining with MAb 10 was present in 93% of samples from @entity3 @entity0 demonstrating active @entity4 . Increased MAb 10 staining was not apparent in noninvolved mucosa from @entity3 @entity0 , indicating that increased expression of the specified epitope is related to the acute inflammatory process. In contrast, indirect immunofluorescent staining with MAb 22 was apparent in both involved (78%) and uninvolved (67%) @entity3 mucosa in contrast to normal and disease controls (less than 12%). In addition, staining with several other anti-HCM MAbs (MAbs 3, 11, 15) was modestly and variably diminished (14%-28%) in @entity3 , @entity2 , and other @entity4 . These findings demonstrate the presence of alterations in mucosal content of specific glycoconjugate structures in association with @entity3 . Inflammatory processes may also result in broad changes in glycoconjugate determinants generally.

title: Alterations in mucosal content of colonic glycoconjugates in XXXX defined by monoclonal antibodies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is a major health problem for @entity1 around the world. Although advances in the field of molecular therapy have been achieved, the successful therapeutic management of @entity0 , particularly metastatic disease, remains a challenge for @entity1 and clinicians. One of the areas of current investigation is the circulating @entity3 cells (CTCs), which have a determinant role in the development of distant @entity2 . At the present, many of the available treatment strategies for metastatic disease are of limited benefit. However, the elucidation of the mechanisms of @entity3 progression and @entity2 may help to identify key molecules/components that may function as therapeutic targets in the future. In the present study, the functional analysis of CTCs revealed their ability to grow and proliferate to form colonies. Immunofluorescence staining of the CTCs' colonies exhibits elevated expression of cell growth and survival associated proteins such as, survivin, @entity12 and @entity9 . More importantly, the functional screening of the chemokine profile in @entity0 @entity1 ' sera revealed an HR-independent elevation of the chemokine @entity5 when compared to healthy controls. The analysis of chemokines @entity7 and @entity6 demonstrated an HR-dependent production pattern. The levels of both @entity7 and @entity6 were markedly high in HR+ @entity1 ' sera when compared to HR- @entity1 and healthy controls. The functional analysis of HR+ and HR- @entity0 derived cell lines when cultivated in media supplemented with @entity1 ' sera demonstrated the alteration of @entity3 progression and @entity2 related proteins. We noted the induction of survivin, @entity11 , @entity14 , @entity13 , @entity8 and @entity10 both at the protein and mRNA levels. The induction of those proteins was in keeping with @entity1 ' sera induced cell proliferation as measured by the @entity4 assay. In conclusion, our data emphasizes the role of chemokines, especially @entity5 , in @entity0 progression and @entity2 via the induction of signaling pathways, which mainly involve survivin, @entity11 , @entity14 and @entity10 .

title: Hormone receptor-independent @entity5 production is associated with the regulation of cellular factors linked to XXXX progression and @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is a major health problem for @entity1 around the world. Although advances in the field of molecular therapy have been achieved, the successful therapeutic management of @entity0 , particularly metastatic disease, remains a challenge for @entity1 and clinicians. One of the areas of current investigation is the circulating @entity3 cells (CTCs), which have a determinant role in the development of distant @entity2 . At the present, many of the available treatment strategies for metastatic disease are of limited benefit. However, the elucidation of the mechanisms of @entity3 progression and @entity2 may help to identify key molecules/components that may function as therapeutic targets in the future. In the present study, the functional analysis of CTCs revealed their ability to grow and proliferate to form colonies. Immunofluorescence staining of the CTCs' colonies exhibits elevated expression of cell growth and survival associated proteins such as, survivin, @entity12 and @entity9 . More importantly, the functional screening of the chemokine profile in @entity0 @entity1 ' sera revealed an HR-independent elevation of the chemokine @entity5 when compared to healthy controls. The analysis of chemokines @entity7 and @entity6 demonstrated an HR-dependent production pattern. The levels of both @entity7 and @entity6 were markedly high in HR+ @entity1 ' sera when compared to HR- @entity1 and healthy controls. The functional analysis of HR+ and HR- @entity0 derived cell lines when cultivated in media supplemented with @entity1 ' sera demonstrated the alteration of @entity3 progression and @entity2 related proteins. We noted the induction of survivin, @entity11 , @entity14 , @entity13 , @entity8 and @entity10 both at the protein and mRNA levels. The induction of those proteins was in keeping with @entity1 ' sera induced cell proliferation as measured by the @entity4 assay. In conclusion, our data emphasizes the role of chemokines, especially @entity5 , in @entity0 progression and @entity2 via the induction of signaling pathways, which mainly involve survivin, @entity11 , @entity14 and @entity10 .

title: Hormone receptor-independent XXXX production is associated with the regulation of cellular factors linked to @entity0 progression and @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is a major health problem for @entity1 around the world. Although advances in the field of molecular therapy have been achieved, the successful therapeutic management of @entity0 , particularly metastatic disease, remains a challenge for @entity1 and clinicians. One of the areas of current investigation is the circulating @entity3 cells (CTCs), which have a determinant role in the development of distant @entity2 . At the present, many of the available treatment strategies for metastatic disease are of limited benefit. However, the elucidation of the mechanisms of @entity3 progression and @entity2 may help to identify key molecules/components that may function as therapeutic targets in the future. In the present study, the functional analysis of CTCs revealed their ability to grow and proliferate to form colonies. Immunofluorescence staining of the CTCs' colonies exhibits elevated expression of cell growth and survival associated proteins such as, survivin, @entity12 and @entity9 . More importantly, the functional screening of the chemokine profile in @entity0 @entity1 ' sera revealed an HR-independent elevation of the chemokine @entity5 when compared to healthy controls. The analysis of chemokines @entity7 and @entity6 demonstrated an HR-dependent production pattern. The levels of both @entity7 and @entity6 were markedly high in HR+ @entity1 ' sera when compared to HR- @entity1 and healthy controls. The functional analysis of HR+ and HR- @entity0 derived cell lines when cultivated in media supplemented with @entity1 ' sera demonstrated the alteration of @entity3 progression and @entity2 related proteins. We noted the induction of survivin, @entity11 , @entity14 , @entity13 , @entity8 and @entity10 both at the protein and mRNA levels. The induction of those proteins was in keeping with @entity1 ' sera induced cell proliferation as measured by the @entity4 assay. In conclusion, our data emphasizes the role of chemokines, especially @entity5 , in @entity0 progression and @entity2 via the induction of signaling pathways, which mainly involve survivin, @entity11 , @entity14 and @entity10 .

title: Hormone receptor-independent @entity5 production is associated with the regulation of cellular factors linked to @entity0 progression and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complications with IV @entity0 -controlled analgesia include programming errors, invasive access, and @entity1 . This study evaluated an investigational @entity5 sublingual tablet system (SSTS) for the management of @entity3 after knee or hip arthroplasty. METHODS: This prospective, randomized, parallel-arm, double-blind study randomized postoperative @entity0 at 34   U.S. sites to receive SSTS 15  g (n = 315) or an identical placebo system (n = 104) and @entity3 scores were recorded for up to 72   h. Adult @entity0 with American Society of Anesthesiologists status 1 to 3 after primary total unilateral knee or hip replacement under general anesthesia or with spinal anesthesia that did not include intrathecal opioids were eligible. @entity0 were excluded if they were opioid tolerant. The primary endpoint was the time-weighted summed @entity3 intensity difference to baseline over 48   h. Secondary endpoints included total @entity3 relief, @entity0 and healthcare professional global assessments, and @entity0 and nurse ease-of-care questionnaires. RESULTS: Summed @entity3 intensity difference (standard error) was higher (better) in the SSTS group compared with placebo (76 [7] vs. -11 [11], difference 88 [95% CI, 66 to 109]; P < 0.001). In the SSTS group, more @entity0 and nurses responded "good" or "excellent" on the global assessments compared with placebo (P < 0.001). @entity0 and nurse ease-of-care ratings for the system were high in both groups. There was a higher incidence of @entity4 and @entity2 in the SSTS group. CONCLUSION: SSTS could be an effective @entity0 -controlled @entity3 management modality in @entity0 after major orthopedic surgery and is easy to use by both @entity0 and healthcare professionals.

title: XXXX Sublingual Tablet System for the Management of Postoperative Pain after Knee or Hip Arthroplasty: A Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Six @entity0 with severe @entity1 were treated with @entity2 intravenously. Four of the six @entity0 showed salutary responses and were successfully weaned from the NP with marked resolution of symptoms. No adverse side effects were observed. These four @entity0 and one additional @entity0 (who did not receive NP) were treated with @entity3 by mouth in addition to digoxin and diuretics daily. Two of these @entity0 are entirely symptom free, and additional @entity0 is moderately improved, and the fourth @entity0 has shown minimal symptomatic improvement. Despite the severity of their pretherapy symptoms, only one @entity0 has died while receiving oral vasodilator therapy. This preliminary study suggests that afterload reduction may be life-saving in @entity0 who are virtually moribund because of @entity1 . This improvement can be maintained with oral vasodilator therapy and continuation of classic anticongestive therapy. However, afterload reduction has no effect on the underlying disease. Confirmatory studies are essential before this experimental mode of therapy is accepted for routine use in @entity0 and @entity0 .

title: Vasodilator therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The detrimental effects of T-cell-secreted @entity7 (IFNy) on @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity1 in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) are well recognized. Recently, we demonstrated that IFNy-mediated damage to myelin also increases susceptibility to @entity4 ( @entity4 ; the likely basis of @entity6 ). However, before onset of @entity0 , induction of physiological levels of IFNy, like that produced by environmental enrichment (EE), protects against @entity1 and @entity3 . Accordingly, we focused on the potential for physiological levels of IFNy to protect against @entity4 . EE, which occurs with a moderate and phasic increase in proinflammatory cytokines, reduces @entity5 frequency. Thus, we applied phasic or pulsed IFNy to brain slice cultures to emulate EE. This treatment reduced @entity3 , increased @entity8 , a marker for myelin, and reduced susceptibility to @entity4 . Building on our research on exosomes in EE-based neuroprotection, we found that IFNy stimulation of slice cultures induced release of exosomes, likely from the microglia that produce the same protective effects as IFNy treatment when applied to naive cultures. Finally, nasal administration of IFNy to @entity2 recapitulated in vitro effects, reducing @entity3 , increasing myelin, and reducing @entity4 . These results support phasic IFNy signaling as a therapeutic target for prevention of @entity4 and, by extension, @entity5 .

title: Phasic Treatment with XXXX Stimulates Release of Exosomes that Protect Against Spreading Depression.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 62-year-old @entity0 presented at our hospital with a @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity5 that had persisted for 3 months. On admission, @entity5 , @entity2 , and mild @entity4 were all clearly evident, suggesting chronic @entity12 . Laboratory examination showed mild @entity11 as well as an increase in her erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum @entity10 levels. MRI showed multiple small hyperintense lesions on T2 weighted image and diffusion weighted image (DWI) in the cerebral cortex and white matter. Contrast-enhanced T1 weighted image showed the abnormal pial enhancement along the cerebral sulci. Systemic evaluations for infectious organisms, autoantibodies, and @entity1 were all negative. Her @entity5 and @entity3 continued. As a result of worsening MRI findings, a brain biopsy was carried out. Neuropathological analysis revealed neutrophilic infiltration in the subarachnoid space and multinucleated giant cells. However, there was no @entity9 on the histological sections. This pathological finding was reminiscent of @entity8 despite articular findings of @entity6 , as well as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-CCP antibody tests being negative. After oral @entity7 therapy, her @entity5 and inflammatory reactions by laboratory test diminished and her cognitive function improved remarkably.

title: XXXX responsive chronic @entity12 reminiscent of @entity8 : a case report.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 62-year-old @entity0 presented at our hospital with a @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity5 that had persisted for 3 months. On admission, @entity5 , @entity2 , and mild @entity4 were all clearly evident, suggesting chronic @entity12 . Laboratory examination showed mild @entity11 as well as an increase in her erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum @entity10 levels. MRI showed multiple small hyperintense lesions on T2 weighted image and diffusion weighted image (DWI) in the cerebral cortex and white matter. Contrast-enhanced T1 weighted image showed the abnormal pial enhancement along the cerebral sulci. Systemic evaluations for infectious organisms, autoantibodies, and @entity1 were all negative. Her @entity5 and @entity3 continued. As a result of worsening MRI findings, a brain biopsy was carried out. Neuropathological analysis revealed neutrophilic infiltration in the subarachnoid space and multinucleated giant cells. However, there was no @entity9 on the histological sections. This pathological finding was reminiscent of @entity8 despite articular findings of @entity6 , as well as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-CCP antibody tests being negative. After oral @entity7 therapy, her @entity5 and inflammatory reactions by laboratory test diminished and her cognitive function improved remarkably.

title: @entity7 responsive chronic @entity12 reminiscent of XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 62-year-old @entity0 presented at our hospital with a @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity5 that had persisted for 3 months. On admission, @entity5 , @entity2 , and mild @entity4 were all clearly evident, suggesting chronic @entity12 . Laboratory examination showed mild @entity11 as well as an increase in her erythrocyte sedimentation rate and serum @entity10 levels. MRI showed multiple small hyperintense lesions on T2 weighted image and diffusion weighted image (DWI) in the cerebral cortex and white matter. Contrast-enhanced T1 weighted image showed the abnormal pial enhancement along the cerebral sulci. Systemic evaluations for infectious organisms, autoantibodies, and @entity1 were all negative. Her @entity5 and @entity3 continued. As a result of worsening MRI findings, a brain biopsy was carried out. Neuropathological analysis revealed neutrophilic infiltration in the subarachnoid space and multinucleated giant cells. However, there was no @entity9 on the histological sections. This pathological finding was reminiscent of @entity8 despite articular findings of @entity6 , as well as rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-CCP antibody tests being negative. After oral @entity7 therapy, her @entity5 and inflammatory reactions by laboratory test diminished and her cognitive function improved remarkably.

title: @entity7 responsive chronic XXXX reminiscent of @entity8 : a case report.

answer: @entity12


abstract: Thirty-two @entity0 were operated upon for suspected @entity2 following penetrating wounds of the groin. This injury is not uncommon, the @entity0 survive to reach the hospital, and they require aggressive management. @entity3 was found in 23 of the @entity0 ; there were no deaths and only one amputation. Eighteen of the 23 who had @entity1 were in shock upon arrival at the hospital. Of those subsequently found to have no vessel damage, none was in shock. Pulses distal to the injury were noted in six of the 23 @entity0 . Arteriograms performed and interpreted by the surgery residents were helpful but not completely reliable. The repaired vessel must be covered adequately with viable tissue. The one amputation was in a @entity0 in whom there was insufficient tissue to cover the repaired vessel. We conclude that general surgeons should be capable of managing this @entity2 .

title: XXXX associated with penetrating wounds of the groin.

answer: @entity2


abstract: After a total mastectomy in cases of a high risk of loco-regional recurrence the postoperative irradiation of the chest wall is indicated in the following situations: @entity3 , @entity2 stage T3-T4, extended multifocal and multicentric @entity2 . After radical axillary surgery even in @entity1 with positive nodes irradiation is not necessary except in cases where all axillary nodes are involved or with invasion of the axillary tissue. The supra- and infraclavicular lymph drainage regions caudal to the operated area (clip) should be irradiated with 50 Gy providing both an enlarged or subtotal involvement can be diagnosed. The irradiation of the retrosternal lymph-drainage system with 45-50 Gy is indicated as follows: Medial or central @entity2 site, extensive involvement of the axillary nodes and advanced stages of the @entity2 (T2-T4). Axillary irradiation alone cannot serve as a substitute for surgery. After segmental mastectomy without postoperative radiotherapy a local failure rate of 30% is to be expected during a 5 year period. After surgery with adjuvant postoperative irradiation the local failure rate can be reduced to about 5%: 50-60 Gy should be applied. In case of an unfavourable histology an additional boost dose is recommended. The objective of @entity0 irradiation is to achieve freedom of loco-regional recurrence. The survival can be improved occasionally after local irradiation, theoretically improvement of survival can be achieved in 7-10% at the most.

title: [Current status of radiotherapy following ablative and breast-sparing treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transhepatic portal vein (PV) stenting has been shown to be one of the most important treatments for @entity0 with @entity4 caused by @entity1 . METHODS: Ten consecutive @entity0 with @entity4 caused by the recurrence of a perihilar @entity1 underwent transhepatic PV stenting. A self-expandable metallic stent was deployed at the @entity3 site. The @entity0 were retrospectively analyzed with regard to the procedure, complications, and survival after the stent placement. RESULTS: The median interval between the primary resection and the PV stenting was 22   months. The initial hepatic resection was a left trisectionectomy with caudate lobectomy in seven @entity0 , a left hepatectomy with caudate lobectomy in one @entity0 , a right anterior sectionectomy with caudate lobectomy following a left hepatectomy in one @entity0 and a partial liver resection in one @entity0 . The angle of the PV around the @entity3 was greater in the @entity0 with @entity4 located in the right posterior PV. Eight @entity0 with successful PV stent placement were able to receive anticancer treatment, with a median survival of 14   months. The remaining two @entity0 without successful PV stent placement survived less than 6   months. CONCLUSIONS: Portal vein stenting might offer relief from the symptoms associated with PV @entity2 and the opportunity for sustainable anticancer therapy in @entity0 with recurrent perihilar @entity1 .

title: Percutaneous transhepatic portal vein stenting for malignant XXXX secondary to recurrent perihilar @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transhepatic portal vein (PV) stenting has been shown to be one of the most important treatments for @entity0 with @entity4 caused by @entity1 . METHODS: Ten consecutive @entity0 with @entity4 caused by the recurrence of a perihilar @entity1 underwent transhepatic PV stenting. A self-expandable metallic stent was deployed at the @entity3 site. The @entity0 were retrospectively analyzed with regard to the procedure, complications, and survival after the stent placement. RESULTS: The median interval between the primary resection and the PV stenting was 22   months. The initial hepatic resection was a left trisectionectomy with caudate lobectomy in seven @entity0 , a left hepatectomy with caudate lobectomy in one @entity0 , a right anterior sectionectomy with caudate lobectomy following a left hepatectomy in one @entity0 and a partial liver resection in one @entity0 . The angle of the PV around the @entity3 was greater in the @entity0 with @entity4 located in the right posterior PV. Eight @entity0 with successful PV stent placement were able to receive anticancer treatment, with a median survival of 14   months. The remaining two @entity0 without successful PV stent placement survived less than 6   months. CONCLUSIONS: Portal vein stenting might offer relief from the symptoms associated with PV @entity2 and the opportunity for sustainable anticancer therapy in @entity0 with recurrent perihilar @entity1 .

title: Percutaneous transhepatic portal vein stenting for malignant @entity4 secondary to recurrent perihilar XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The advent of the biological therapies has led health expenditure in dermatology units. This study aims to evaluate, in our regular clinical practice, the patterns of use of etanercept and its influence on efficacy and safety outcomes, as well as the real costs associated with continuous and intermittent treatment regimens. METHODS: Observational, retrospective, non-interventionist, and multicenter study to analyze the experience of the treatment with etanercept in the management of moderate-to-severe @entity1 , given according to the daily clinical practice of the Dermatology Departments of the Complejo Hospitalario de Ja  n and the Hospital Universitario Virgen del Roc  o (Seville). RESULTS: 83.3% (n   =   45) of the 54 @entity0 included in our study received the continuous regimen of Etanercept, whereas 16.7% (n   =   9) were given the intermittent regimen. 94.4% (n   =   51) of the @entity0 studied began the Etanercept treatment at a dose of 50   mg/week. The mean @entity0 /year cost of the study population is    11   298.80 (95%CI    10   551.40-   12   046.20). Breaking down the first and the second year of treatment by regimen, in the continuous regimen the mean cost would be    12   294.15 and    12   327.05 in the first and the second year, respectively, and    10   302.07 and    4986.51 in the intermittent regimen. DISCUSSION: Etanercept is a biologic that had demonstrated its versatility over the years and permits the individualization of treatment in our @entity0 , thus having a direct impact on drug-related costs. This is well demonstrated in our series, where 94.4% of our @entity0 begin with the dose of 50   mg/d. Our study yields relatively higher figures in @entity0 on continuous therapy, with 77.1% of them maintaining PASI75 at week 24. CONCLUSIONS: We present our experience in regular clinical practice with etanercept, showing it to be an effective, safe, and versatile drug that permits @entity0 -tailored treatment, delivering a frankly satisfactory control of our @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Efficacy and cost of etanercept in long-term XXXX : Rational use in clinical practice.

answer: @entity1


abstract: An immunohistochemical study on neurofilaments (NF) in the central and peripheral nervous systems of @entity0 after repeated treatment with @entity2 was done by the avidin- @entity1 complex method using monoclonal anti-neurofilaments antibodies (68, 160 and 200 kD). @entity0 were given @entity2 (50 ml/kg) i.p. every day for 8 days. In the cerebrum, NF in perikarya of large nerve cells were weakly stained with all antibodies in both control and treated @entity0 , with no differences between the 2 groups. In the cerebellum, NF of the Purkinje cells were slightly stained with all 3 antibodies. In the treated @entity0 , a marked accumulation of NF in the distal part of the basket cell fibers was detected by 68 kD. In the molecular layer, some parallel fibers were also stained by 68 kD in the treated animals. In the spinal cord, all NF were stained, the staining being clearer in the lower part of the cord in the treated @entity0 . In the peripheral nerve of the treated @entity0 , many axons were segmentally swollen along the entire length of the nerve, especially, in the distal region. In muscle preparations of the treated @entity0 , some neuro-muscular junctions stained with 68 kD were also visible.

title: Immunochemical studies of XXXX -associated neuropathology.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The long-term efficacy of @entity4 as once-a-day monotherapy was studied in 19 @entity0 with stable @entity2 . After 2 weeks of single-blind placebo therapy and a 12-week parallel placebo-controlled, dose-response study, each @entity0 received open-label @entity4 . After a dose-titration period of 3 months, @entity0 received @entity4 (100 to 400 mg once a day, mean 290 mg) for 24 months. The response to treatment was assessed by @entity0 diaries and serial treadmill exercise testing 24 hours after dose administration, every 3 months. Only 2 @entity0 were released from the study due to therapeutic failure. Compared with placebo, 3 months of @entity4 therapy resulted in a significant reduction in the weekly frequency of angina from 10.3 +/- 9.1 to 1.8 +/- 3.5 (p less than 0.002) and @entity3 consumption from 5.0 +/- 5.4 to 1.4 +/- 2.3 (p less than 0.01). In addition, there was a simultaneous significant increase in the walking time to angina from 5.2 +/- 2.3 to 7.9 +/- 2.6 minutes (p less than 0.001) and total exercise time from 7.1 +/- 2.2 to 8.8 +/- 1.9 minutes (p less than 0.001). These favorable effects were sustained throughout the 24 months of the study. Although resting QTc interval was prolonged by 36 to 42 ms (p less than 0.001) during @entity4 therapy, @entity1 were not observed immediately before or during exercise testing and were not manifested by symptoms. Neurologic and gastrointestinal side effects of mild to moderate severity were observed, but none required discontinuation of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term XXXX monotherapy for @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The long-term efficacy of @entity4 as once-a-day monotherapy was studied in 19 @entity0 with stable @entity2 . After 2 weeks of single-blind placebo therapy and a 12-week parallel placebo-controlled, dose-response study, each @entity0 received open-label @entity4 . After a dose-titration period of 3 months, @entity0 received @entity4 (100 to 400 mg once a day, mean 290 mg) for 24 months. The response to treatment was assessed by @entity0 diaries and serial treadmill exercise testing 24 hours after dose administration, every 3 months. Only 2 @entity0 were released from the study due to therapeutic failure. Compared with placebo, 3 months of @entity4 therapy resulted in a significant reduction in the weekly frequency of angina from 10.3 +/- 9.1 to 1.8 +/- 3.5 (p less than 0.002) and @entity3 consumption from 5.0 +/- 5.4 to 1.4 +/- 2.3 (p less than 0.01). In addition, there was a simultaneous significant increase in the walking time to angina from 5.2 +/- 2.3 to 7.9 +/- 2.6 minutes (p less than 0.001) and total exercise time from 7.1 +/- 2.2 to 8.8 +/- 1.9 minutes (p less than 0.001). These favorable effects were sustained throughout the 24 months of the study. Although resting QTc interval was prolonged by 36 to 42 ms (p less than 0.001) during @entity4 therapy, @entity1 were not observed immediately before or during exercise testing and were not manifested by symptoms. Neurologic and gastrointestinal side effects of mild to moderate severity were observed, but none required discontinuation of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term @entity4 monotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Three fatal cases of @entity6 were studied. The first case occurred in an apparently healthy 58-year-old @entity0 , who presented with symptoms of @entity1 . The second case developed in a 75-year-old @entity0 with @entity8 and @entity3 . In the third @entity0 , an 83-year-old @entity0 , @entity7 with perforations were found at necropsy. A @entity4 was found in the first and third cases. @entity5 , alone or with an @entity9 , was the antibiotic used. Urgent valve replacement was performed in the first case. @entity10 was isolated from blood cultures in all three cases. A review of 41 other @entity0 with @entity6 showed a nonspecific clinical picture, but septic complications occurred in one-half of the cases. Thirty-nine @entity0 had at least one predisposing factor, which was underlying @entity2 in 25 cases. The mortality rate was 48%.

title: @entity6 due to XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: Three fatal cases of @entity6 were studied. The first case occurred in an apparently healthy 58-year-old @entity0 , who presented with symptoms of @entity1 . The second case developed in a 75-year-old @entity0 with @entity8 and @entity3 . In the third @entity0 , an 83-year-old @entity0 , @entity7 with perforations were found at necropsy. A @entity4 was found in the first and third cases. @entity5 , alone or with an @entity9 , was the antibiotic used. Urgent valve replacement was performed in the first case. @entity10 was isolated from blood cultures in all three cases. A review of 41 other @entity0 with @entity6 showed a nonspecific clinical picture, but septic complications occurred in one-half of the cases. Thirty-nine @entity0 had at least one predisposing factor, which was underlying @entity2 in 25 cases. The mortality rate was 48%.

title: XXXX due to @entity10 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: In order to evaluate the interaction between the opiate-like peptidergic pathways and the dopaminergic system in modulating prolactin ( @entity4 ) secretion, ten normal volunteers were studied according to a double-blind, cross-over, randomized experimental design. A group of five subjects was given a fixed dose of @entity2 (a selective antidopaminergic agent, 25 mg i.v.) plus either placebo or three different doses of @entity1 (a selective opioid antagonist, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mg i.v.) while a second group of five subjects received the same drugs in a 'reverse' protocol, i.e. a fixed dose of @entity1 (0.4 mg i.v.) plus either placebo or increasing doses of @entity2 (25, 50, 100 mg i.v.). In both groups, the drugs were injected simultaneously and blood samples for @entity4 determination were taken at various intervals during the 15 min preceding drug injections and then over the following 4 h. @entity1 (0.4 mg i.v.) per se did not induce any modification of plasma @entity4 levels, but reduced to a significant extent @entity2 -induced @entity3 (P less than 0.02). However, a higher dose of @entity1 (0.8 mg i.v.) did not cause significant changes in @entity2 -stimulated @entity4 levels. Increasing dosages of @entity2 (up to 100 mg i.v.) reversed the blunted response of @entity4 after @entity2 , 25 mg, in presence of @entity1 . Our data show that @entity1 , at a dose of 0.4 mg i.v. inactive per se on basal @entity4 levels, is able to blunt significantly @entity2 -induced @entity3 . This suggests that, in @entity0 , opioid peptides are able to influence @entity4 release after antidopaminergic stimuli.

title: XXXX inhibits @entity2 -induced @entity3 in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In order to evaluate the interaction between the opiate-like peptidergic pathways and the dopaminergic system in modulating prolactin ( @entity4 ) secretion, ten normal volunteers were studied according to a double-blind, cross-over, randomized experimental design. A group of five subjects was given a fixed dose of @entity2 (a selective antidopaminergic agent, 25 mg i.v.) plus either placebo or three different doses of @entity1 (a selective opioid antagonist, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mg i.v.) while a second group of five subjects received the same drugs in a 'reverse' protocol, i.e. a fixed dose of @entity1 (0.4 mg i.v.) plus either placebo or increasing doses of @entity2 (25, 50, 100 mg i.v.). In both groups, the drugs were injected simultaneously and blood samples for @entity4 determination were taken at various intervals during the 15 min preceding drug injections and then over the following 4 h. @entity1 (0.4 mg i.v.) per se did not induce any modification of plasma @entity4 levels, but reduced to a significant extent @entity2 -induced @entity3 (P less than 0.02). However, a higher dose of @entity1 (0.8 mg i.v.) did not cause significant changes in @entity2 -stimulated @entity4 levels. Increasing dosages of @entity2 (up to 100 mg i.v.) reversed the blunted response of @entity4 after @entity2 , 25 mg, in presence of @entity1 . Our data show that @entity1 , at a dose of 0.4 mg i.v. inactive per se on basal @entity4 levels, is able to blunt significantly @entity2 -induced @entity3 . This suggests that, in @entity0 , opioid peptides are able to influence @entity4 release after antidopaminergic stimuli.

title: @entity1 inhibits @entity2 -induced XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In order to evaluate the interaction between the opiate-like peptidergic pathways and the dopaminergic system in modulating prolactin ( @entity4 ) secretion, ten normal volunteers were studied according to a double-blind, cross-over, randomized experimental design. A group of five subjects was given a fixed dose of @entity2 (a selective antidopaminergic agent, 25 mg i.v.) plus either placebo or three different doses of @entity1 (a selective opioid antagonist, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mg i.v.) while a second group of five subjects received the same drugs in a 'reverse' protocol, i.e. a fixed dose of @entity1 (0.4 mg i.v.) plus either placebo or increasing doses of @entity2 (25, 50, 100 mg i.v.). In both groups, the drugs were injected simultaneously and blood samples for @entity4 determination were taken at various intervals during the 15 min preceding drug injections and then over the following 4 h. @entity1 (0.4 mg i.v.) per se did not induce any modification of plasma @entity4 levels, but reduced to a significant extent @entity2 -induced @entity3 (P less than 0.02). However, a higher dose of @entity1 (0.8 mg i.v.) did not cause significant changes in @entity2 -stimulated @entity4 levels. Increasing dosages of @entity2 (up to 100 mg i.v.) reversed the blunted response of @entity4 after @entity2 , 25 mg, in presence of @entity1 . Our data show that @entity1 , at a dose of 0.4 mg i.v. inactive per se on basal @entity4 levels, is able to blunt significantly @entity2 -induced @entity3 . This suggests that, in @entity0 , opioid peptides are able to influence @entity4 release after antidopaminergic stimuli.

title: @entity1 inhibits XXXX -induced @entity3 in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In order to evaluate the interaction between the opiate-like peptidergic pathways and the dopaminergic system in modulating prolactin ( @entity4 ) secretion, ten normal volunteers were studied according to a double-blind, cross-over, randomized experimental design. A group of five subjects was given a fixed dose of @entity2 (a selective antidopaminergic agent, 25 mg i.v.) plus either placebo or three different doses of @entity1 (a selective opioid antagonist, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 mg i.v.) while a second group of five subjects received the same drugs in a 'reverse' protocol, i.e. a fixed dose of @entity1 (0.4 mg i.v.) plus either placebo or increasing doses of @entity2 (25, 50, 100 mg i.v.). In both groups, the drugs were injected simultaneously and blood samples for @entity4 determination were taken at various intervals during the 15 min preceding drug injections and then over the following 4 h. @entity1 (0.4 mg i.v.) per se did not induce any modification of plasma @entity4 levels, but reduced to a significant extent @entity2 -induced @entity3 (P less than 0.02). However, a higher dose of @entity1 (0.8 mg i.v.) did not cause significant changes in @entity2 -stimulated @entity4 levels. Increasing dosages of @entity2 (up to 100 mg i.v.) reversed the blunted response of @entity4 after @entity2 , 25 mg, in presence of @entity1 . Our data show that @entity1 , at a dose of 0.4 mg i.v. inactive per se on basal @entity4 levels, is able to blunt significantly @entity2 -induced @entity3 . This suggests that, in @entity0 , opioid peptides are able to influence @entity4 release after antidopaminergic stimuli.

title: @entity1 inhibits @entity2 -induced @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 dehydrogenase from @entity6 is inactivated by trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase E, thermolysin, 4.0 M @entity3 , and by heating to 49 degrees C. It is protected, to varying degrees, against all these forms of inactivation by @entity5 , @entity4 +, and @entity2 +. When these ligands are present at 10 times their respective @entity1 concentrations, protection by @entity4 + or @entity5 is substantially greater than protection by @entity2 +. A detailed analysis was undertaken of the protective effects of these ligands, at varying concentrations, on proteolysis of @entity5 dehydrogenase by thermolysin. This study confirmed the above conclusion and permitted calculation of @entity1 values for @entity4 +, @entity2 +, and @entity5 that agree with such values determined by independent means. For @entity2 +, two @entity1 values, 6.1 microM and 8.0 mM, can be derived, associated with protection against thermolysin by low and high @entity2 + concentrations, respectively. The former value is in agreement with other determinations of @entity1 and the latter value appears to represent binding of @entity2 + to a second site which causes inhibition of catalysis. A Ki value of 10.5 mM for @entity2 + was derived from inhibition studies. The principal conclusion from these studies is that @entity4 + binding to @entity6 @entity5 dehydrogenase results in a larger global conformational change of the enzyme than does @entity2 + binding. Presumably, a substantially larger proportion of the free energy of binding of @entity4 +, compared to @entity2 +, is used to alter the enzyme's conformation, as reflected in a much higher @entity1 value. This may play an important role in enabling this dual @entity0 -specific dehydrogenase to accommodate either @entity4 + or @entity2 + at the same binding site.

title: @entity5 dehydrogenase from XXXX : ligand-induced conformational changes.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity5 dehydrogenase from @entity6 is inactivated by trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase E, thermolysin, 4.0 M @entity3 , and by heating to 49 degrees C. It is protected, to varying degrees, against all these forms of inactivation by @entity5 , @entity4 +, and @entity2 +. When these ligands are present at 10 times their respective @entity1 concentrations, protection by @entity4 + or @entity5 is substantially greater than protection by @entity2 +. A detailed analysis was undertaken of the protective effects of these ligands, at varying concentrations, on proteolysis of @entity5 dehydrogenase by thermolysin. This study confirmed the above conclusion and permitted calculation of @entity1 values for @entity4 +, @entity2 +, and @entity5 that agree with such values determined by independent means. For @entity2 +, two @entity1 values, 6.1 microM and 8.0 mM, can be derived, associated with protection against thermolysin by low and high @entity2 + concentrations, respectively. The former value is in agreement with other determinations of @entity1 and the latter value appears to represent binding of @entity2 + to a second site which causes inhibition of catalysis. A Ki value of 10.5 mM for @entity2 + was derived from inhibition studies. The principal conclusion from these studies is that @entity4 + binding to @entity6 @entity5 dehydrogenase results in a larger global conformational change of the enzyme than does @entity2 + binding. Presumably, a substantially larger proportion of the free energy of binding of @entity4 +, compared to @entity2 +, is used to alter the enzyme's conformation, as reflected in a much higher @entity1 value. This may play an important role in enabling this dual @entity0 -specific dehydrogenase to accommodate either @entity4 + or @entity2 + at the same binding site.

title: XXXX dehydrogenase from @entity6 : ligand-induced conformational changes.

answer: @entity5


abstract: A rare case of persistent primitive first cervical intersegmental artery (proatlantal artery II) is reported. A 58-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital with @entity5 and @entity4 . On admission he was stuporous with @entity3 and @entity4 . CT scan on admission showed low density areas in the right cerebellar hemisphere and ventricular part of the pons. Right retrograde brachiography revealed @entity2 , aplasia of the right vertebral artery and an abnormal vessel connecting the right external carotid artery and the right vertebral artery. This anastomotic vessel was thought to be a persistent primitive first cervical intersegmental artery (Proatlantal artery II). Left carotid angiography revealed the left posterior cerebral artery was visualized through the posterior communicating artery, leading from the internal carotid artery. Left retrograde brachial angiography showed that the left vertebral artery terminated just distal from the branching of the left posterior @entity6 . After admission the @entity4 deteriorated gradually and tracheotomy was done due to respiratory difficulties. The @entity0 was then transferred to the rehabilitation center on his 34th day in hospital with @entity1 .

title: [Persistent primitive first cervical intersegmental artery (proatlantal artery II) with XXXX --a case report].

answer: @entity2


abstract: A retrospective study was made of 106 locally and regionally advanced @entity4 of the trunk and extremity treated from 1949 to 1970. Forty-six of the @entity1 had a known cause, of which radiation exposure was the most common. In addition to axillary and inguinal nodal metastases, these @entity1 also manifested intransit, epitrochlear and popliteal lymphatic metastatic disease. Surgical treatment consisted of wide monobloc resection for the majority of the primary @entity1 , amputation being necessary for @entity1 fixed to skeletal or neurovascular structures. Clinically enlarged regional lymph nodes were subjected to biopsy, but elective regional node dissection did not offer therapeutic benefit. @entity0 with biopsy proved nodal metastases were treated by either radical nodal dissection or high exarticulation, with similar results. Actuarial five year survival rates after definitive surgical treatment were 71 per cent for @entity0 with regional node-negative and 57 per cent for those with regional node-positive @entity1 . Local and regional recurrences of @entity1 were frequent in @entity0 who had deep seated @entity1 of the trunk and postsacral region, or bulky nodal disease, despite pathologically negative resection margins. Uncontrolled recurrent @entity1 with @entity3 and compromise of vital organ function was the most common cause of @entity2 . Radiation therapy achieved partial regression of the @entity1 in eight @entity0 and complete regression in one of 15 @entity0 . A critical analysis is made of the various clinicopathologic factors which affect prognosis, and the possible means of improving the results of treatment are discussed.

title: Treatment of regionally advanced XXXX of the extremity and trunk.

answer: @entity4


abstract: CONTEXT: Pituitary surgery is the first line of treatment for @entity6 ; when surgery fails, bilateral adrenalectomy may be proposed, particularly for @entity0 with a desire for pregnancy. Little is known about the impact of pregnancy on corticotroph @entity1 progression after bilateral adrenalectomy. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the impact of pregnancy on corticotroph @entity1 progression after bilateral adrenalectomy in @entity6 and to assess maternal and pregnancy outcomes. DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective cohort study. SETTING: @entity0 who became pregnant after bilateral adrenalectomy were followed in a single center. @entity0 : Twenty pregnancies from 11 @entity0 with @entity6 were treated by bilateral adrenalectomy and no pituitary irradiation. MEASUREMENTS: Corticotroph @entity1 progression was assessed by serial pituitary magnetic resonance imaging and plasma @entity9 measurements before, during, and after pregnancy. Comparisons were performed using paired Wilcoxon rank tests. Data on maternal and neonatal outcomes were recorded by correspondence from @entity0 and obstetricians. RESULTS: Corticotroph @entity1 progression occurred in eight of 17 pregnancies, and @entity9 increased in eight of 10 pregnancies. However, rates of increase during or after pregnancy were not faster than those observed before pregnancy. @entity5 occurred in four pregnancies from two @entity0 , including gestational @entity3 in three and @entity2 in three. Among these four pregnancies, three had a favorable outcome, and one led to an in utero @entity4 after @entity8 , due to loss to follow-up. No other @entity7 were reported. CONCLUSION: Pregnancy does not accelerate corticotroph @entity1 progression after bilateral adrenalectomy. Pregnancy is manageable, provided the @entity0 can be followed closely.

title: Pregnancy does not accelerate corticotroph XXXX progression in Nelson's syndrome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A total of 38 cases of localized @entity2 originated in the thyroid gland were treated at the Department of Radiology, Osaka University Hospital from 1967 through 1986. There were 18 males and 20 females, and age ranged from 15 to 78, averaging 58 years. Fifteen cases were classified as clinical stage I and 23 as stage II. All cases were histologically confirmed, 15 by total or partial resection and 23 by open biopsy, and diffuse histiocytic was most common (18 cases) and diffuse lymphocytic, poorly differentiated was the next (15) after Rappaport classification. Those were further classified into intermediate grade after Working Formulation in 76% of the cases. In all @entity0 local were controlled by radiotherapy by 40-50 Gy in 5 to 6 weeks. Local lesion was assessed as uncontrolled in only one @entity0 at dose of 33 Gy, who was immunoblastic in histology, and with infiltration to local skin. No local relapse occurred after treatment. The relapse outside the treatment field was seen in 9 @entity0 , all of which occurred in the abdomen. Overall 5 year survival rate and relapse-free rate were 72% and 64%, respectively. Five-year survival rate for Stages I and II were 84% and 63%, respectively (Z = 0.7445, N.S.). Five-year survival rate for @entity1 with longer diameter less than 11 cm is 83%, whereas that with more than 12 cm is 61% (z = 0.7525, N.S.).

title: [Results of the treatment of localized XXXX originated in the thyroid gland].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The overall goal was to describe the importance of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) during development of the @entity0 embryo. An inhibitor of FGF receptor kinase activity ( @entity1 ) was used to examine whether FGF signaling is required for embryo development. Addition of 20  M @entity1 on Day 0 (Day of IVF) reduced (P = 0.04) the percentage of oocytes becoming blastocysts on Day 7 compared to controls (5.9    2.1 vs 16.9    2.4; average    SEM). Also, Day-8 blastocysts placed into individual culture drops of medium containing @entity1 tended to have decreased (P = 0.08) blastomere numbers at Day 11 (211.1    27.5 vs 297.8    25.0). A second series of studies determined if supplemental @entity2 enhances development in vitro. There was no effect of @entity2 on cleavage or blastocyst development rates when 5 or 100 ng/mL @entity2 was provided immediately after fertilization. Also, @entity2 supplementation beginning on Day 5 post-fertilization did not significantly affect blastocyst rates or the number of trophoblast and inner cell mass cells. However, addition of 500 ng/mL @entity2 at both Day 0 and Day 4 increased (P = 0.03) the percentage of oocytes that became blastocysts on Day 7 compared with controls (27.4    1.3 vs 19.7    1.3). In a final study, the thermal-protective ability of @entity2 was examined by adding @entity2 1 h before exposing Day 5 embryos to heat shock. Addition of @entity2 did not significantly influence embryo thermal-tolerance. In conclusion, FGF receptor activation was important for optimal blastocyst formation and @entity2 supplementation increased @entity0 blastocyst formation when provided at high concentrations.

title: Fibroblast growth factor requirements for in vitro development of XXXX embryos.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Multiple isoforms of @entity5 (Dp427, Dp260, Dp140, Dp71) are expressed differentially in the central nervous system (CNS) including the retinal layers. Disruption of these protein products is responsible for @entity2 , electroretinogram (ERG) @entity1 in @entity4 ( @entity4 ). We studied the ocular characteristics and neuropsychiatric profile of 16 @entity4 @entity0 . The ISCEV standard, full-field flash ERGs were assessed. Intellectual ability and behavioural disturbances were measured. All genotypes were associated with mildly abnormal photopic ERG a:b-wave amplitude ratios. In addition, we identified the following genotype/phenotype correlations: @entity0 with mutations upstream of exon 30 (ie, isolated Dp427 altered expression) showed normal scotopic a:b ratios, abnormal photopic oscillatory potential @entity6 and normal scotopic @entity6 . Conversely, all @entity0 with @entity4 mutations downstream of exon 30 showed profoundly 'negative' scotopic ERGs (a:b ratios >1). In these @entity0 , the involvement of Dp260 isoform resulted in the absence of slow rod pathway signalling in15   Hz scotopic flicker ERGs. These @entity0 had abnormal scotopic @entity6 and normal photopic @entity6 . Finally, @entity0 with mutations also affecting Dp71 were associated with more pronounced electronegative ERGs. When correlating ERGs to neurodevelopmental outcome, we found a positive correlation between negative scotopic ERGs and @entity3 , and the most severe findings were in @entity0 with Dp71 disruption. These findings suggest a strong association between @entity4 mutations affecting different @entity4 isoforms with characteristically abnormal scotopic ERGs and severe @entity3 . The role of the ERG as a potential biomarker for @entity5 function in the CNS and response to novel genetic therapies warrants further exploration.European Journal of @entity0 Genetics advance online publication, 17 June 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.135.

title: Ocular and neurodevelopmental features of @entity4 : a signature of XXXX function in the central nervous system.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Multiple isoforms of @entity5 (Dp427, Dp260, Dp140, Dp71) are expressed differentially in the central nervous system (CNS) including the retinal layers. Disruption of these protein products is responsible for @entity2 , electroretinogram (ERG) @entity1 in @entity4 ( @entity4 ). We studied the ocular characteristics and neuropsychiatric profile of 16 @entity4 @entity0 . The ISCEV standard, full-field flash ERGs were assessed. Intellectual ability and behavioural disturbances were measured. All genotypes were associated with mildly abnormal photopic ERG a:b-wave amplitude ratios. In addition, we identified the following genotype/phenotype correlations: @entity0 with mutations upstream of exon 30 (ie, isolated Dp427 altered expression) showed normal scotopic a:b ratios, abnormal photopic oscillatory potential @entity6 and normal scotopic @entity6 . Conversely, all @entity0 with @entity4 mutations downstream of exon 30 showed profoundly 'negative' scotopic ERGs (a:b ratios >1). In these @entity0 , the involvement of Dp260 isoform resulted in the absence of slow rod pathway signalling in15   Hz scotopic flicker ERGs. These @entity0 had abnormal scotopic @entity6 and normal photopic @entity6 . Finally, @entity0 with mutations also affecting Dp71 were associated with more pronounced electronegative ERGs. When correlating ERGs to neurodevelopmental outcome, we found a positive correlation between negative scotopic ERGs and @entity3 , and the most severe findings were in @entity0 with Dp71 disruption. These findings suggest a strong association between @entity4 mutations affecting different @entity4 isoforms with characteristically abnormal scotopic ERGs and severe @entity3 . The role of the ERG as a potential biomarker for @entity5 function in the CNS and response to novel genetic therapies warrants further exploration.European Journal of @entity0 Genetics advance online publication, 17 June 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.135.

title: Ocular and neurodevelopmental features of XXXX : a signature of @entity5 function in the central nervous system.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effect of @entity1 ( @entity2 ) on the electrical activity of @entity0 cardiac Purkinje fibers was studied using standard microelectrode techniques. Most fibers showed a definite sequence of changes when exposed to @entity2 . Initially, action potential duration (APD) increased markedly. After about 20 s, the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) started to become more negative and, at the same time, the rate of increase in APD slowed. Once the @entity5 stabilized at a more negative level, the APD usually resumed its rapid increase. @entity2 also increased the slope of diastolic depolarization and made the plateau voltage more positive. APD was increased by @entity2 concentrations as low as 10(-7) M, and it increased with concentrations up to 10(-5) M (the highest concentration tested). @entity2 -induced increases in APD depended on the stimulation frequency; 2-min exposures to 10(-6) M @entity2 increased APD by 76.8 +/- 14.7% at 6 min-1 and 17.7 +/- 4.2% at 60 min-1. @entity3 blocked all the effects of @entity2 . @entity4 did not prevent the @entity2 effects. It is concluded that @entity2 acts via muscarinic receptors. The changes in APD and @entity5 appear to be separate events, and it is difficult to see how the former effect may be explained by known actions of @entity2 .

title: @entity1 lengthens action potentials of XXXX cardiac Purkinje fibers.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effect of @entity1 ( @entity2 ) on the electrical activity of @entity0 cardiac Purkinje fibers was studied using standard microelectrode techniques. Most fibers showed a definite sequence of changes when exposed to @entity2 . Initially, action potential duration (APD) increased markedly. After about 20 s, the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) started to become more negative and, at the same time, the rate of increase in APD slowed. Once the @entity5 stabilized at a more negative level, the APD usually resumed its rapid increase. @entity2 also increased the slope of diastolic depolarization and made the plateau voltage more positive. APD was increased by @entity2 concentrations as low as 10(-7) M, and it increased with concentrations up to 10(-5) M (the highest concentration tested). @entity2 -induced increases in APD depended on the stimulation frequency; 2-min exposures to 10(-6) M @entity2 increased APD by 76.8 +/- 14.7% at 6 min-1 and 17.7 +/- 4.2% at 60 min-1. @entity3 blocked all the effects of @entity2 . @entity4 did not prevent the @entity2 effects. It is concluded that @entity2 acts via muscarinic receptors. The changes in APD and @entity5 appear to be separate events, and it is difficult to see how the former effect may be explained by known actions of @entity2 .

title: XXXX lengthens action potentials of @entity0 cardiac Purkinje fibers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In 21 @entity0 with @entity4 secondary to ruptured @entity3 , we performed serial neurological evaluations, transcranial Doppler examinations, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) determinations. We classified 8 @entity0 as having @entity6 (delayed @entity1 , appropriate reduction of CBF) and 13 @entity0 as having no @entity5 on the basis of this information. Transcranial Doppler flow velocities in the middle cerebral artery and the anterior cerebral artery were significantly elevated for the group with @entity6 on posthemorrhage Days 4 through 12. Elevation of transcranial Doppler velocities preceded clinical signs of @entity7 . The maximal transcranial Doppler flow velocities achieved were compared on the basis of the extent of clot on early computed tomographic (CT) scans. The mean anterior cerebral artery flow velocities were significantly different between CT Grades II and III. The initial transcranial Doppler flow velocities were compared on the basis of the @entity0 's Hunt and Hess grade upon admission. The flow velocities for Grade V @entity0 were significantly lower than those for Grade IV @entity0 . Transcranial Doppler flow velocities were compared with arteriographically observed anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery radii in 12 instances. The correlation was poor, but the data should be interpreted cautiously in view of the small number of arteriograms. We conclude that transcranial Doppler examination has considerable potential in the early diagnosis of delayed ischemic @entity2 (clinical @entity6 ) in @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Value of transcranial Doppler examination in the diagnosis of @entity6 after XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: In 21 @entity0 with @entity4 secondary to ruptured @entity3 , we performed serial neurological evaluations, transcranial Doppler examinations, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) determinations. We classified 8 @entity0 as having @entity6 (delayed @entity1 , appropriate reduction of CBF) and 13 @entity0 as having no @entity5 on the basis of this information. Transcranial Doppler flow velocities in the middle cerebral artery and the anterior cerebral artery were significantly elevated for the group with @entity6 on posthemorrhage Days 4 through 12. Elevation of transcranial Doppler velocities preceded clinical signs of @entity7 . The maximal transcranial Doppler flow velocities achieved were compared on the basis of the extent of clot on early computed tomographic (CT) scans. The mean anterior cerebral artery flow velocities were significantly different between CT Grades II and III. The initial transcranial Doppler flow velocities were compared on the basis of the @entity0 's Hunt and Hess grade upon admission. The flow velocities for Grade V @entity0 were significantly lower than those for Grade IV @entity0 . Transcranial Doppler flow velocities were compared with arteriographically observed anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery radii in 12 instances. The correlation was poor, but the data should be interpreted cautiously in view of the small number of arteriograms. We conclude that transcranial Doppler examination has considerable potential in the early diagnosis of delayed ischemic @entity2 (clinical @entity6 ) in @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Value of transcranial Doppler examination in the diagnosis of XXXX after @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The intragastric instillation of a liver meal at pH 7 elicited a prompt and significant rise in gastric vein glucagon levels in anesthetized @entity0 . This was reduced by truncal vagotomy and by @entity1 . The liver meal at pH 2 elicited significantly smaller rise in gastric vein glucagon levels that was not reduced by truncal vagotomy, but was abolished by @entity1 . Infusion of gastrin-17 (0.1 micrograms . kg-1 . h-1) failed to increase gastric vein glucagon levels above the control group. Gastric glucagon release was significantly increased by intestinal instillation of the liver meal at pH 7. This was reduced by truncal vagotomy and @entity1 infusion. Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) (1 microgram . kg-1 . h-1), but neither @entity2 -octapeptide (0.5 microgram . kg-1 . h-1) nor @entity3 (1 CU . kg-1 . h-1), elicited a significant rise in gastric vein glucagon levels. It is concluded that 1) gastric glucagon release is stimulated during the gastric and intestinal phase of a meal, 2) gastric glucagon release is stimulated by GIP, and 3) gastric glucagon release is modified by vagal and muscarinic cholinergic mechanisms, suggesting a neuroendocrine influence on its release.

title: Gastric glucagon release during gastric and intestinal phase of a meal in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 continues as the main cause of @entity2 after burns, @entity1 and @entity3 . This clinical syndrome represents the transition from a hypermetabolic response to injury to a setting of clinical organ failures and @entity2 . Risk factors include: perfusion deficits, persistent foci of dead or injured tissue, an uncontrolled focus of infection, the presence of the @entity6 , persistent @entity11 , and preexisting @entity4 . Once in the @entity7 , most treatment modalities become progressively ineffective, including: ventilation, antibiotics, nutrition, and surgery. The best treatment remains prevention with rapid control of the source and restoration of @entity0 transport. The response to injury involves alterations in physiology and in the metabolism of @entity10 , fat and @entity8 . These changes seem to reflect the modulation of the end-organs by the mediator systems activated in response to the stress stimulus. The transition from @entity11 to organ failure appears to reflect the clinical appearance of @entity9 . It is currently hypothesized that this @entity9 represents a state of regulatory dysfunction induced by the activated hepatic macrophage, the Kupffer cell. This same process may also influence metabolic failure in other organs where this cell-cell regulation can occur, e.g. kidney, lung. The activation of these macrophages is hypothesized to represent the final stage of a series of continuous stimulating events, eg. @entity5 , endotoxin, bacteria, and gut translocated toxins. The precise monokine(s) responsible are not yet completely characterized. Treatment consists of the modalities outlined above and the employment of aggressive metabolic (nutritional) support.

title: XXXX /organ failure: the role of the activated macrophage as a metabolic regulator.

answer: @entity11


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case report of a rare symptomatic, idiopathic, noncommunicating intradural @entity1 (IAC) of the proximal part of the S1 nerve root (NR). OBJECTIVE: To discuss the possible pathophysiology, clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) presentation, intraoperative findings, and follow-up of IAC of the proximal part of the S1 NR. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Rare variety of the Nabors's Type 3 spinal IAC. The etiopathogenesis are uncertain. Surgical NR decompression with extirpation of the cyst is the treatment of choice. METHODS: A 37-year-old @entity0 clinically presented as monoradiculopathy with a 9-month history of progressive, posture-dependent @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity5 in the right S1 dermatome, and mild @entity3 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a noncommunicating IAC of the proximal part of the S1 NR on the right side. Surgical exploration through the ipsilateral L5-S1 hemilaminectomy was performed with microsurgical arachnolysis of the compressed and stretched S1 NR fascicles that surrounded the cyst, during which the cyst spontaneously collapsed. The remnant of the cyst wall was extirpated and histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. RESULTS: After surgery an excellent clinical outcome was archived: the leg @entity2 was no longer present and the paraesthesia, @entity5 , and motor weakness were resolved within 3 months. At 12 months of follow-up, the @entity0 continues to be completely asymptomatic with no evidence of recurrence on MRI. CONCLUSION: A rare case of symptomatic, idiopathic, noncommunicating IAC of the proximal part of the S1 NR has been presented. Early recognition and treatment resulted in complete symptom resolution, with preservation of the full working capacity and good quality of life. @entity6 with progressive, posture-dependent @entity2 seem to be typical clinical findings for such a lesion. Attending physicians should always be mindful of this fact in the total clinical evaluation of such cases.

title: Symptomatic idiopathic noncommunicating intradural XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The efficacy of encircling endocardial ventriculotomy (EEV) with treatment of recurrent persistent post- @entity7 VT has been established. The relative simplicity of the operation has enables it to be easily integrated into the surgical therapeutic arsenal for the treatment of @entity2 and its complications. Several electrophysiological studies have clearly demonstrated the origin of reentry pathways in the border zone of the @entity1 so that peroperative mapping can be dispensed with except in special cases. Sixteen @entity0 with post- @entity7 @entity1 causing recurrent VT resistant to antiarrhythmic therapy for over 3 months were operated between January 1979 and June 1983. The average age was 51 years, range 36 to 70 years. The causal @entity3 dated from 3 months to 22 years; the site of @entity7 was anterior in 12 cases (anteroseptal 5 cases), posterior in 3 cases and circumferential in 1 case. Surgery was performed under cardiopulmonary bypass and comprised EEV in the border zone of the @entity1 without prior mapping studies. A myocardial revascularisation procedure was associated in 10 cases (aortocoronary saphenous vein bypass) with single grafts in 4 @entity0 . Thirteen @entity0 also underwent plicature of the @entity8 . There was one death in the immediate postoperative period due to a @entity6 (6.25%). The 15 survivors have been followed up for 1 to 45 months during which period 3 deaths occurred, on at the 2nd month due to @entity4 and 2 sudden deaths at the 5th and 22nd months. These 2 @entity0 had not had recurrences of their @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Recurrent post- XXXX ventricular tachycardias. Treatment combining circular ventriculotomy, myocardial revascularization and aneurysmal plication].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Among the different antigens, insects play an important role in the induction of @entity1 . We report on a 12-year-old @entity0 with family history of atopy, who developed symptoms of @entity3 and perennial @entity2 since the age of 5. @entity0 's symptomatology increased during pollination and kept close relationship to domestic antigens. A skin and inhalation test with an extract of domestic dust was positive. An investigation about potential allergens was initiated and the @entity0 mentioned that was a significant amount of cockroaches at his home. Skin tests, RAST and bronchial provocative tests with a cockroach extract gave positive results. Bronchial provocative tests with a cockroach extract gave immediate and late responses, as has been evidenced by different authors. Immunotherapy has been successfully employed, partly due to the difficulties inherent to an efficient way of preventing insect contact. Improvement of symptomatology correlates well with blocking antibody production and the reduction in white cell sensitivity to the antigenic system. Finally, the potential relevance of @entity1 in our country be underlined. Cockroach sensitivity should be considered in every @entity0 with perennial @entity2 , in which the usual allergens have been excluded.

title: Cockroach XXXX : case report and literature review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Due to their high X-ray attenuation, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) emerged as preclinical contrast agents by giving high vasculature contrast. For this reason, GNPs are regularly applied for computed tomography (CT) imaging of @entity1 but not for the visualization of @entity4 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and applicability of preclinical GNPs (AuroVist   ) of two different sizes (1.9 nm and 15 nm) for the detection of @entity4 -associated phagocytes in early-stage @entity0 . Both GNP variants were stable under in vitro conditions and achieved high micro-CT (mCT) contrast after embedment into agarose. Fifteen-nanometer GNPs were detected after uptake into macrophages via mCT imaging exhibiting higher X-ray contrast than cells treated with 1.9 nm GNPs and untreated ones. Both 1.9 nm and 15 nm GNPs exhibited good biocompatibility on @entity2 macrophages according to @entity5 and cellular dehydrogenase levels. Reactive @entity3 species levels produced by phagocytic cells decreased significantly (P <=0.05) after co-incubation with GNPs regardless of the size of the nanoparticle (NP) in comparison to untreated control cells. In vivo mCT studies of @entity4 imaging revealed that GNPs with a diameter of 15 nm accumulated within subcutaneous @entity0 2 hours after injection with a maximum signaling 8 hours postinjection and could be detected up to 48 hours within the @entity0 region. In contrast, 1.9 nm GNPs were not shown to accumulate at the site of the @entity4 region and were mostly excreted via the renal system 2-4 hours after injection. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that both GNP variants (1.9 nm and 15 nm) were stable and biocompatible under in vitro conditions. However, only 15 nm NPs have the potential as contrast agent for phagocyte labeling and applications in CT imaging of @entity4 on a cellular level.

title: Gold nanoparticles allow detection of early-stage XXXX in @entity2 via computed tomography imaging.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Due to their high X-ray attenuation, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) emerged as preclinical contrast agents by giving high vasculature contrast. For this reason, GNPs are regularly applied for computed tomography (CT) imaging of @entity1 but not for the visualization of @entity4 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and applicability of preclinical GNPs (AuroVist   ) of two different sizes (1.9 nm and 15 nm) for the detection of @entity4 -associated phagocytes in early-stage @entity0 . Both GNP variants were stable under in vitro conditions and achieved high micro-CT (mCT) contrast after embedment into agarose. Fifteen-nanometer GNPs were detected after uptake into macrophages via mCT imaging exhibiting higher X-ray contrast than cells treated with 1.9 nm GNPs and untreated ones. Both 1.9 nm and 15 nm GNPs exhibited good biocompatibility on @entity2 macrophages according to @entity5 and cellular dehydrogenase levels. Reactive @entity3 species levels produced by phagocytic cells decreased significantly (P <=0.05) after co-incubation with GNPs regardless of the size of the nanoparticle (NP) in comparison to untreated control cells. In vivo mCT studies of @entity4 imaging revealed that GNPs with a diameter of 15 nm accumulated within subcutaneous @entity0 2 hours after injection with a maximum signaling 8 hours postinjection and could be detected up to 48 hours within the @entity0 region. In contrast, 1.9 nm GNPs were not shown to accumulate at the site of the @entity4 region and were mostly excreted via the renal system 2-4 hours after injection. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that both GNP variants (1.9 nm and 15 nm) were stable and biocompatible under in vitro conditions. However, only 15 nm NPs have the potential as contrast agent for phagocyte labeling and applications in CT imaging of @entity4 on a cellular level.

title: Gold nanoparticles allow detection of early-stage @entity0 in XXXX via computed tomography imaging.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Eight adult @entity0 with @entity2 of the orbit are described. Only two of the @entity0 were known to have von @entity3 . The typical clinical history included the development of a mass in the superonasal quadrant of the orbit, which was palpable immediately beneath the skin of the lid. There was a definite tendency for the lesions to arise in, or grow along, the supraorbital nerve--including posteriorly through the superior orbital fissure to the @entity5 , and even as far posteriorly along the trigeminal rootlets to the pons. Delays in pathologic diagnosis, which beclouded the true nature of the process, led to multiple recurrences, eventuating in five known fatalities out of the eight @entity0 . In addition to intracranial extension, pulmonary @entity1 and regional cervical @entity1 were encountered. Once recognized for their diagnostic value, the histopathologic patterns are highly distinctive: biphasic populations of spindled and epithelioid cells; sheets of epithelioid cells or clusters demarcated by delicate reticulin fibers or thicker collagenous trabeculae; malignant plexiform patterns; and neurotubular patterns. Pure spindle cell populations were encountered only in the two @entity0 with @entity3 , and in each, either a pre-existent benign @entity4 or a coexistent plexiform @entity4 was found in the pathology specimens. The best management of this condition depends upon early clinical and pathological recognition, leading to radical surgery, which usually consists of orbital exenteration combined with intracranial extirpation of as much of the trigeminal nerve as possible. Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy after radical surgery might also be advisable.

title: XXXX of the orbit: a clinicopathologic study of eight cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rate of Unscheduled Return Visits (URVs) to the Emergency Department has been considered as a key indicator for evaluating the quality of the Emergency Department care for decades. A higher rate of URVs can have a negative impact on the quality of health care. Investigations of the reasons for these returns have indicated that many of these visits can be preventable. OBJECTIVES: Given that there are no clear findings about the frequency and reasons for 72 hours URVs to the @entity2 Unit (CPU), in the present study, we investigated the causes of 72 hours URVs to our CPU in order to find out the inadequacies, and propose preventive strategies. @entity0 AND METHODS: This research was a single-center retrospective case control study in the setting of CPU of Tehran Heart Center (a 460-bed, tertiary-care teaching hospital), Tehran, Iran. The medical records of the @entity0 who were presented to our CPU with the chief complaint of @entity2 between December 28(th), 2010 and February 28(th), 2011 were reviewed. Of the 6247 eligible @entity0 , forty-nine URVs that fulfilled our criteria were identified. The control group consisted of 196 @entity0 who did not return to the Emergency Department during our study period. RESULTS: @entity0 -related factors accounted for most 72 hours URVs (49%). Multivariable analysis revealed that in our CPU, leaving Against medical advice was the most important predictor for 72 hours URVs (P value < 0.001). Additionally, male sex, history of @entity1 , first-visit disposition to observation unit and age were the other factors associated with URVs. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that the most frequent reason for our URVs was @entity0 -related factors, where all cases had left the CPU Against Medical Advice (AMA) during their first attendance, we recommend that further appropriate strategies be devised to prevent leaving against medical advice.

title: Unscheduled Return Visits and Leaving the XXXX Unit Against Medical Advice.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In March 1978 an outbreak of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) occurred in Malta. The disease spread rapidly and by April 13, @entity6 had been found on 304 premises involving 25,100 @entity5 . A census carried out on April 15/16 showed that there were at least 1440 premises containing 70,700 @entity5 on the island. A slaughter policy was implemented and depopulation of known infected premises started on April 15. @entity5 which appeared normal on these premises were stored in freezers for subsequent processing for @entity0 consumption and by the end of June more than 4500 carcases were in cold store. The most consistent clinical signs were @entity2 , @entity3 and reluctance to move. @entity4 lymph nodes and petechial @entity4 in the kidneys were the predominant @entity1 . A serum survey, using the immunoelectroosmophoresis technique, was carried out on 2409 sera from 200 farms collected at the Government abattoir during a four-week period. Of these sera, 308 (12.8 per cent) from 65 (32.5 per cent) of the farms contained antibodies to @entity6 virus. By August the original @entity5 population had been reduced to one-third and a second census taken on August 15/16 showed that a total of 501 owners and 13,975 @entity5 remained. The decision was taken to slaughter all the remaining @entity5 and by the end of January 1979 there were no @entity5 in Malta. The outbreak cost an estimated 5 million pounds and provided the first occasion when any country had slaughtered all members of a species of domestic animal in order to eliminate a disease.

title: XXXX in Malta, 1978.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Frequency of @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity3 , especially @entity1 and its effects on life quality are dramatically increasing. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the relation between @entity4 and quality of life in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: This is a cross sectional survey. Subjects were selected from 330 eligible @entity0 referred to the only @entity1 clinic in Gorgan City during 6 months, using systematic random sampling. Beak @entity4 questionnaire and the brief questioner with 26 questions recommended by the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to measure @entity4 and quality of life, respectively. Data were analyzed through descriptive methods, Chi-square, Independent t test and linear regression model using SPSS16; moreover, P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: In total, 330 @entity0 with @entity1 (35.5 % male and 64.5% @entity0 ) were studied. The mean and standard deviation of their age and years involved with @entity1 were 50.6    9.0 and 5.4    4.5 years, respectively. Range of age was 25 - 75 years, as well. The prevalence of @entity4 in all @entity0 with @entity1 was 58.2% (124 mild, 56 medium, and 12 with severe @entity4 ). @entity2 was 13.9% more in @entity1 @entity0 with @entity4 (P value < 0.001) and physical activity in 24.7% of the cases was less with a meaningful difference (P value = 0.01). The mean and standard deviation of quality of life in @entity1 @entity0 with and without @entity4 was 50.7    14 and 60.5    13.3, respectively that was significant in two groups (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity4 is high in @entity0 with @entity1 and has a considerable impact on the consequences of @entity1 and quality of life too.

title: XXXX and Quality of Life in @entity0 With Type 2 Diabetes.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Frequency of @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity3 , especially @entity1 and its effects on life quality are dramatically increasing. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the relation between @entity4 and quality of life in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: This is a cross sectional survey. Subjects were selected from 330 eligible @entity0 referred to the only @entity1 clinic in Gorgan City during 6 months, using systematic random sampling. Beak @entity4 questionnaire and the brief questioner with 26 questions recommended by the World Health Organization (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to measure @entity4 and quality of life, respectively. Data were analyzed through descriptive methods, Chi-square, Independent t test and linear regression model using SPSS16; moreover, P value < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: In total, 330 @entity0 with @entity1 (35.5 % male and 64.5% @entity0 ) were studied. The mean and standard deviation of their age and years involved with @entity1 were 50.6    9.0 and 5.4    4.5 years, respectively. Range of age was 25 - 75 years, as well. The prevalence of @entity4 in all @entity0 with @entity1 was 58.2% (124 mild, 56 medium, and 12 with severe @entity4 ). @entity2 was 13.9% more in @entity1 @entity0 with @entity4 (P value < 0.001) and physical activity in 24.7% of the cases was less with a meaningful difference (P value = 0.01). The mean and standard deviation of quality of life in @entity1 @entity0 with and without @entity4 was 50.7    14 and 60.5    13.3, respectively that was significant in two groups (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity4 is high in @entity0 with @entity1 and has a considerable impact on the consequences of @entity1 and quality of life too.

title: @entity4 and Quality of Life in XXXX With Type 2 Diabetes.

answer: @entity0