abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the organ specificity of sine wave electrical stimulation of the bladder through assessment of the expression of @entity2 -immunoreactive (IR) cells in @entity0 spinal cord regions. METHODS: A total of 37 female @entity0 were divided into 8 groups: sham stimulation; 5, 250, and 2000 Hz stimulation with 1.5- or 2.0-mA intensity; and a group instilled with @entity1 in the bladder. Using a recently developed bladder sensory threshold device, sine wave electrical stimulation was applied for 90 minutes to the @entity0 bladder. The spinal cord was harvested after the @entity0 were killed. The @entity2 -IR cells in the spinal regions of the medial dorsal horn, lateral dorsal horn, dorsal commissure, and sacral parasympathetic nucleus were measured. The distributions of the @entity2 -IR neurons were compared. RESULTS: The maximal expression of @entity2 -IR cells, induced by 250- and 5-Hz stimulation of the bladder, was found at L6 of the spinal cord and was significantly greater than that in the control group (P<.01). Stimulation with 2000 Hz did not induce any @entity2 -IR cells. @entity2 -IR neurons were predominantly seen in the sacral parasympathetic nucleus region in response to 250-Hz stimulation and in the dorsal commissure region in response to 5-Hz stimulation. The number of positive neurons was similar to the number caused by @entity1 instillation. CONCLUSION: Frequency-specific sine wave electrical stimulation of the @entity0 bladder induced the expression of @entity2 -IR cells in a neuroselective manner. The bladder sensory threshold device could be used for exploration of the pathophysiology of diseases with disturbances of the afferent pathway of the bladder.

title: Efficacy of neuroselective and site-specific nociceptive stimuli of XXXX bladder.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Runway tests are considered indicative of underlying sociality in birds and their ability to make social discriminations and establish interactions among conspecifics. Herein, social reinstatement behavior in male juvenile @entity1 selected for a reduced ( @entity2 , low stress) or exaggerated ( @entity3 , high stress) adrenocortical response to brief mechanical restraint was evaluated. Individual males were given the choice to reinstate with either 2 (low density, LD) or 8 (high density, @entity0 ) unfamiliar randombred conspecifics placed in goal boxes at opposite ends of a two-choice runway (TCRW). Then, the same males were individually retested in a single goal box runway wherein they were exposed to a goal box containing either a LD or a @entity0 of males. In the TCRW, a higher (P < 0.01) number of @entity3 males started their ambulation toward the goal box containing the @entity0 as opposed to LD of conspecifics. The @entity3 males also spent more (P < 0.01) time in close proximity (within a 10-cm close zone; CZ) to the @entity0 (218 s) rather than LD (57 s) of conspecifics. In contrast, the @entity2 males did not differ in their initial direction of travel and they spent similar average amounts of times in the CZ of their stimulus LD (141 s) and @entity0 (124 s) conspecifics. Similar to the TCRW results, in the single goal box runway, @entity3 males spent more (P < 0.01) time in the CZ of @entity0 rather than LD conspecifics, whereas @entity2 quail spent similar amounts of time in the CZ of LD and @entity0 males. Considering that runways are novel (and therefore frightening) environments, our findings suggest that @entity3 quail may find better shelter (i.e., more comfort) in close proximity to a larger rather than smaller group of conspecifics, whereas @entity2 birds find groups of varying conspecific density equally attractive. The results suggest that @entity2 quail possess favorable social adaptive qualities because they appear to be better suited to cope with situations where the density of conspecifics is variable.

title: Effect of the density of conspecifics on runway social reinstatement behavior of male XXXX genetically selected for contrasting adrenocortical responsiveness to stress.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To establish a new, reliable vomit model of minks. METHODS: Adult male minks were randomly divided into 8 groups (n=6): @entity2 (7.5 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) group, @entity5 (40 mg/kg) intragastric injection (i.g.) group, @entity4 (1.6 mg/kg) subcutaneous injection (s.c.) group, and 18 Gy whole-body X-irradiation group, @entity6 injection group (2 mg/kg i.p.) 30 min later followed by @entity2 (7.5 mg/kg) i.p., normal saline (NS) i.p. injection control group, @entity3 injection group (4 mg/kg i.p.) 30 min later followed by @entity4 (1.6 mg/kg) s.c., NS i.g. control group. The frequency of @entity0 was calculated. After behavioral experiment, distribution of @entity1 in the ileum was detected by immunohistologic method. RESULTS: @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity5 and X-irradiation administered to minks evoked a profound emetic response in the animals. However, @entity0 were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with @entity6 and @entity3 in @entity2 and @entity5 groups (P=0.018). Immunohistologic result showed that @entity1 released from enterochromaffin cells (EC cells) was involved in @entity0 mechanism. CONCLUSION: @entity7 vomit model has a great value in studying the @entity0 mechanism and screening new antiemetic drugs.

title: Value of XXXX vomit model in study of anti-emetic drugs.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Natural selection defined our genotype as athletes who sleep 8-9 h each night. Physical activity and sleep exhibit positive synergy, whereby each optimizes quality of and capability for the other. Our sedentary, sleep-restricted lifestyle conflicts with our genotype to generate pathophysiologic phenotypes, especially @entity3 . Insufficient sleep is pandemic, and other @entity1 are increasingly common. @entity0 promotes @entity3 due to inactivity from sleepiness and to metabolic changes. Obesity is the primary risk factor for @entity2 , which commonly disrupts sleep. This represents one of many pathophysiologic vicious cycles involving inactivity, @entity1 , and @entity3 . Solutions include better education of the medical community, which remains surprisingly ignorant about these disease processes and therapeutic advantages of exercise and sleep repletion. Doctors commonly prescribe medications with @entity1 or weight-gain side effects instead of lifestyle modifications. Lifestyle improvements often provide superior treatment to medications and impose no side effects.

title: The role of @entity0 in physical inactivity and its relationship to XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Natural selection defined our genotype as athletes who sleep 8-9 h each night. Physical activity and sleep exhibit positive synergy, whereby each optimizes quality of and capability for the other. Our sedentary, sleep-restricted lifestyle conflicts with our genotype to generate pathophysiologic phenotypes, especially @entity3 . Insufficient sleep is pandemic, and other @entity1 are increasingly common. @entity0 promotes @entity3 due to inactivity from sleepiness and to metabolic changes. Obesity is the primary risk factor for @entity2 , which commonly disrupts sleep. This represents one of many pathophysiologic vicious cycles involving inactivity, @entity1 , and @entity3 . Solutions include better education of the medical community, which remains surprisingly ignorant about these disease processes and therapeutic advantages of exercise and sleep repletion. Doctors commonly prescribe medications with @entity1 or weight-gain side effects instead of lifestyle modifications. Lifestyle improvements often provide superior treatment to medications and impose no side effects.

title: The role of XXXX in physical inactivity and its relationship to @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: @entity1 has been identified as an important factor of elevated @entity3 aminotransferase (ALT), a surrogate of @entity4 . We investigated the relationship between @entity1 and @entity5 in the general Korean population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The study sample was comprised of 3098 Korean adults who had participated in the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. @entity1 was assessed using body mass index (BMI). Overweight (23< or =BMI<25) and @entity1 (BMI> or =25) were defined by the International @entity1 Task Force for Asian adults. ALT was measured by enzymatic methods. @entity5 was defined as an enzyme activity >40 IU/l for @entity0 and >31 IU/l for @entity0 . RESULTS: Among @entity0 , 246 (12.7%) @entity0 and 86 (7.4%) @entity0 displayed @entity5 . BMI was significantly higher in @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity5 than those with normal ALT (P<0.0001). The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) for @entity5 increased according to the degree of BMI in @entity0 (OR: 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25-2.93 in overweight vs OR: 5.01, 95% CI: 3.49-7.21 in @entity1 ; P<0.0001) and @entity0 (OR: 2.44, 95% CI: 1.24-4.82 vs OR: 3.94, 95% CI: 2.18-7.13; P<0.0001). This trend did not differ after adjustment for putative risk factors including @entity2 intake in @entity0 (OR: 1.56 vs OR: 3.47, P<0.0001) and @entity0 (OR: 1.55 vs OR: 3.10, P=0.0015). CONCLUSION: BMI is implicated as a strong risk factor of @entity5 in non-diabetic Korean adults.

title: Relationship between body mass index and XXXX aminotransferase concentration in non-diabetic Korean adults.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The bacteria @entity3 and @entity2 cause @entity0 in the grass grub, Costelytra zealandica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), an important pasture pest in New Zealand. Disease symptoms include rapid cessation of feeding and amber coloration of larvae. A 105-kb plasmid (designated pADAP) has consistently been found only in pathogenic isolates of both species. Investigations into the involvement of pADAP in @entity0 have been hindered by the lack of both a selectable marker on the plasmid and a reliable transposon delivery system. @entity1 -resistant transposon insertions into three cloned HindIII fragments (9.5, 9.6, and 10.6 kb) were isolated and introduced into pADAP by shuttle mutagenesis. Inserts into the 9.5-and 9.6-kb HindIII fragments on pADAP did not alter disease-causing ability. When plasmids with inserts into the 9.6-kb region were conjugated into plasmid-minus, nonpathogenic isolates of @entity3 and @entity2 , all of them became pathogenic. Transposon insertions into two regions of the 10.6-kb HindIII fragment continued to cause cessation of feeding but failed to produce amber coloration. Further analysis of a mutant from each amber-minus region (pADK-10 and pADK-13) demonstrated that the antifeeding effect was produced only at dosages higher than that of the wild-type strain. Complementation with the wild-type HindIII fragment restored full-blown disease properties for pADK-13, but not for pADK-10.

title: Genes Essential for Amber Disease in Grass Grubs Are Located on the Large Plasmid Found in XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The bacteria @entity3 and @entity2 cause @entity0 in the grass grub, Costelytra zealandica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), an important pasture pest in New Zealand. Disease symptoms include rapid cessation of feeding and amber coloration of larvae. A 105-kb plasmid (designated pADAP) has consistently been found only in pathogenic isolates of both species. Investigations into the involvement of pADAP in @entity0 have been hindered by the lack of both a selectable marker on the plasmid and a reliable transposon delivery system. @entity1 -resistant transposon insertions into three cloned HindIII fragments (9.5, 9.6, and 10.6 kb) were isolated and introduced into pADAP by shuttle mutagenesis. Inserts into the 9.5-and 9.6-kb HindIII fragments on pADAP did not alter disease-causing ability. When plasmids with inserts into the 9.6-kb region were conjugated into plasmid-minus, nonpathogenic isolates of @entity3 and @entity2 , all of them became pathogenic. Transposon insertions into two regions of the 10.6-kb HindIII fragment continued to cause cessation of feeding but failed to produce amber coloration. Further analysis of a mutant from each amber-minus region (pADK-10 and pADK-13) demonstrated that the antifeeding effect was produced only at dosages higher than that of the wild-type strain. Complementation with the wild-type HindIII fragment restored full-blown disease properties for pADK-13, but not for pADK-10.

title: Genes Essential for Amber Disease in Grass Grubs Are Located on the Large Plasmid Found in @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is an iminosugar recently introduced in therapeutic as potential alternative therapy in disorders found in several diseases such as @entity2 , Gaucher or @entity6 . A highly sensitive liquid-chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay was developed for the quantification of miglustat in @entity0 plasma and cerebrospinal fluid ( @entity4 ). The sample preparation consists in a simple protein precipitation with a mixture of @entity3 / @entity1 (75/25) which yields 100% recovery. The isocratic separation utilizes an Atlantis Hilic (3 microm, 150 mm x 2.1 mm) column, with a mobile phase of @entity3 /water/ @entity5 buffer (75/10/15, v/v/v) delivered at 230 microl/min. Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode was used with the transitions m/z 220-->158 for the miglustat and m/z 208-->m/z 146 for the @entity8 (internal standard). Good linearity was observed in a range from 125 to 2500 ng/ml and from 50 to 1000 ng/ml, for @entity4 , respectively. The within-run precision of the assay was less than 6%, and the between-run run precision was less than 6.5%, for six replicates at each of three concentrations and evaluated on three separated days for both @entity4 mediums. Assay accuracy was in the range of 98-106.5%. Stability of miglustat was reported under a variety of storage conditions. The miglustat concentrations in two @entity0 are presented to demonstrate the clinical interest of this new method.

title: Rapid quantification of miglustat in XXXX plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.

answer: @entity0


abstract: An estimated 60% of all adolescent pregnancies in low-income countries are unintended. The present study was carried out at the university hospital in Lusaka, Zambia over a four-month period in 2005. The aim was to explore experiences of @entity1 and to ascertain the @entity0 's contraceptive knowledge and use and their partner's involvement in the pregnancy/ @entity2 . Eighty-seven @entity0 aged 13-19 years admitted to hospital for @entity3 were interviewed. Of these @entity0 , 53 (61%) had had a spontaneous @entity2 and 34 (39%) had undergone an unsafe induced @entity2 . Significantly more @entity0 with an unsafe induced @entity2 were single, students, had completed more years in school and were in less stable relationships. @entity0 ' overall contraceptive knowledge and use was low and most pregnancies were unplanned. Partners played a decisive role in terminating pregnancy through unsafe induced @entity2 . Traditional healers, @entity0 themselves and health professionals were the main @entity2 providers. Young @entity0 's health risks due to unprotected sex and lack of contraceptive services should urgently be addressed. The existence of the @entity2 law and access to emergency contraception should be better publicized in Zambia.

title: Pregnancy loss: spontaneous and induced abortions among young XXXX in Lusaka, Zambia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammatory mechanisms and immune activation have been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of age-associated diseases, including @entity2 . PURPOSE: The evaluation of inflammatory markers in @entity0 with @entity3 , and to determine whether these markers can be used to differentiate between @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Twenty demented @entity0 (10 @entity2 and 10 @entity5 ) and 20 non-demented controls were subjected to clinical evaluation, MRI brain scans and laboratory tests, including @entity4 , @entity6 and serum protein electrophoresis. RESULTS: The results of this study revealed that serum levels of @entity4 and @entity6 were significantly elevated among @entity0 with both types of @entity3 compared to normal elderly subjects. Although the mean @entity4 level was higher in @entity0 with @entity2 compared to @entity0 with @entity5 , this difference was not significant. The cutoff value at which the serum level of @entity4 gave maximum sensitivity and specificity was 14.25 pg/ml. Moreover, a   - and a   -globulins were able to discriminate between @entity2 and @entity5 (being significantly higher in @entity2 ). CONCLUSION: @entity4 levels could be used to differentiate @entity3 from normal aging. Moreover, a   - and a   -globulins could differentiate between @entity2 and @entity5 . It can be concluded that @entity1 plays an important role in both types of @entity3 .

title: Role of XXXX and alpha-globulins in differentiating @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inflammatory mechanisms and immune activation have been hypothesized to play a role in the pathogenesis of age-associated diseases, including @entity2 . PURPOSE: The evaluation of inflammatory markers in @entity0 with @entity3 , and to determine whether these markers can be used to differentiate between @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Twenty demented @entity0 (10 @entity2 and 10 @entity5 ) and 20 non-demented controls were subjected to clinical evaluation, MRI brain scans and laboratory tests, including @entity4 , @entity6 and serum protein electrophoresis. RESULTS: The results of this study revealed that serum levels of @entity4 and @entity6 were significantly elevated among @entity0 with both types of @entity3 compared to normal elderly subjects. Although the mean @entity4 level was higher in @entity0 with @entity2 compared to @entity0 with @entity5 , this difference was not significant. The cutoff value at which the serum level of @entity4 gave maximum sensitivity and specificity was 14.25 pg/ml. Moreover, a   - and a   -globulins were able to discriminate between @entity2 and @entity5 (being significantly higher in @entity2 ). CONCLUSION: @entity4 levels could be used to differentiate @entity3 from normal aging. Moreover, a   - and a   -globulins could differentiate between @entity2 and @entity5 . It can be concluded that @entity1 plays an important role in both types of @entity3 .

title: Role of @entity4 and alpha-globulins in differentiating XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Along with purge and moisture control, @entity0 scavenging is a prominent active packaging technology employed by many food processors. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of an @entity0 scavenger system (OSS) on the shelf life of preservative-free tortillas stored at varying storage conditions. The shelf life of the tortillas was evaluated at @entity4 ( @entity4 ; 37   C, 75% relative humidity [rh]), @entity3 ( @entity3 ; 22   C, 57% rh), and refrigeration (R; 4   C, 42% rh) conditions. The OSS consisted of a multilayer, coextruded bag paired with an @entity0 scavenger sachet. A resealable bag made of low-density @entity2 /linear low-density @entity2 was used as a control. The diameter, thickness, CIELab color, water activity, pH, texture, and microbial growth within the sample tortillas were measured before and after exposure to the storage conditions. The results showed that the OSS had superiority when compared to the control. The weight and thickness under @entity3 remained unchanged, while lightness was superior to the control under R conditions. Under @entity4 , gradient remained constant, and force followed the same pattern under @entity3 and R conditions. At the same time, microbial growth as measured by aerobic plate count and @entity1 and molds showed no changes under both @entity4 and @entity3 conditions. Future studies will investigate the effect of a faster acting @entity0 scavenger on shelf life of this type of tortillas. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The results of this study show promise for the use of @entity0 scavenging technology in the packaging of natural and preservative-free tortillas.

title: Effect of an XXXX scavenger on the stability of preservative-free flour tortillas.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is still no general agreement as to which @entity0 suffering from attacks of @entity2 should undergo emergent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with subsequent endoscopic intervention (endoscopic papilotomy, stent placement etc.). Many authors have described large differences in @entity5 (PTC) serum levels in @entity0 suffering from @entity3 as opposed to @entity0 whose acute @entity3 is based on toxic etiology. Therefore, we have investigated the correlation of @entity5 serum levels with the presence of @entity1 in @entity0 undergoing ERCP examination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1.8.2004 to 31.3.2005, 97 @entity0 undergoing ERCP were enrolled into the study. Blood samples were taken from each @entity0 just before their ERCP examinations, and @entity6 serum levels were subsequently correlated to ERCP findings. RESULTS: ERCP examinations were completed in 90 out of 97 @entity0 . @entity4 were confirmed in 61 out of 90 @entity0 and the mean serum level of PTC was 0.078 ng/ml. In the remaining 29 @entity0 ERCP revealed normal findings and the mean @entity6 value was 0.069 ng/ml. There was no statistical correlation between @entity6 serum levels and the presence of @entity1 on ERCP findings. CONCLUSION: The measurement of @entity6 serum levels is of no help in the identification of @entity0 , who should undergo emergent ERCP due to @entity2 (Tab. 1, Fig. 1, Ref. 6).

title: The correlation of @entity5 serum levels with the presence of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is still no general agreement as to which @entity0 suffering from attacks of @entity2 should undergo emergent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with subsequent endoscopic intervention (endoscopic papilotomy, stent placement etc.). Many authors have described large differences in @entity5 (PTC) serum levels in @entity0 suffering from @entity3 as opposed to @entity0 whose acute @entity3 is based on toxic etiology. Therefore, we have investigated the correlation of @entity5 serum levels with the presence of @entity1 in @entity0 undergoing ERCP examination. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 1.8.2004 to 31.3.2005, 97 @entity0 undergoing ERCP were enrolled into the study. Blood samples were taken from each @entity0 just before their ERCP examinations, and @entity6 serum levels were subsequently correlated to ERCP findings. RESULTS: ERCP examinations were completed in 90 out of 97 @entity0 . @entity4 were confirmed in 61 out of 90 @entity0 and the mean serum level of PTC was 0.078 ng/ml. In the remaining 29 @entity0 ERCP revealed normal findings and the mean @entity6 value was 0.069 ng/ml. There was no statistical correlation between @entity6 serum levels and the presence of @entity1 on ERCP findings. CONCLUSION: The measurement of @entity6 serum levels is of no help in the identification of @entity0 , who should undergo emergent ERCP due to @entity2 (Tab. 1, Fig. 1, Ref. 6).

title: The correlation of XXXX serum levels with the presence of @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 are generally regarded as having a poor prognosis, and when female age exceeds 35 yrs such @entity0 face a particularly @entity4 outlook. This study reported on blastocyst transfer (BT) performed over a five-year interval in @entity0 seeking "second opinion" after multiple failed IVF cycles. Clinical features and reproductive outcomes were compared between two sets of poor-prognosis IVF @entity0 undergoing BT for the first time, the initial group underwent treatment in 2002 (n=66) and a second group presented five years later (n=392). The two clinical sets had no @entity0 in common. The 2002 group had an average of 3.5 (+/- 1.1) prior failed IVF cycles at baseline, and mean (+/- SD) @entity0 age was 36.4 (+/- 3.9) yrs. Average number of oocytes retrieved in this group was 10.4 (+/- 5.3) with a fertilisation rate of 58.8%. Although @entity2 resulted in no transfer for 19 @entity0 (28.8%), clinical pregnancy was achieved for 59.6% of transfers. Five years later, 392 @entity0 underwent BT, but this group had an average of 4.5 (+/- 2.3) prior failed IVF cycles. Mean (+/- SD) female age was 36.0 (+/- 3.9) yrs, and the average number of oocytes retrieved in this group was 9.1 (+/- 5.4); the fertilisation rate was 59.5%. No @entity3 were available for transfer in 99 cases (25.3%); clinical pregnancy was achieved for 50.0% of transfers. The number of @entity3 transferred was similar in the two groups (1.6 vs. 1.3; p=0.06); the twinning rate rose slightly from 8.2% to 15.1% (p=0.12) despite an increased utilisation of single embryo transfer in 2007 (19.7% vs. 22.2%; p=0.40). Comparisons from 2002 and 2007 found no important differences between the two @entity0 groups, except for a significantly higher rate of prior failed cycles in the 2007 group (p<0.001). This refractoriness was accompanied by a somewhat reduced blastocyst cryopreservation rate in 2007, compared to 2002 (27.6% vs. 29.5%; p=0.44). Clinical pregnancy rates are not adversely affected by application of BT in @entity0 with multiple prior unsuccessful IVF cycles. For these @entity0 , our data suggest that extended embryo culture and BT should be considered. Further controlled studies are needed to document more precisely the role of BT in this sub-set of refractory IVF @entity0 .

title: Blastocyst transfer for multiple prior XXXX : a five year descriptive study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aromatic anesthetics exhibit a wide range of @entity1 ( @entity0 ) receptor inhibitory potencies and immobilizing activities. We sought to characterize the molecular basis of @entity0 receptor inhibition using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA), and compare the results to those from an equivalent model for immobilizing activity. METHODS: Published potency data for 14 compounds were supplemented with new values for 2 additional agents. The anesthetics were divided into a training set (n = 12) used to formulate the activity models and a test set (n = 4) used to independently assess the models' predictive capability. The anesthetic structures were geometry optimized using ab initio quantum mechanics and aligned by field-fit minimization to provide the best correlation between the steric and electrostatic fields of the molecules and one or more lead structures. Orientations that yielded CoMFA models with the greatest predictive capability (assessed by leave-one-out cross-validation) were retained. RESULTS: The final CoMFA model for the inhibition of @entity2 / @entity3 @entity0 receptors explained 99.3% of the variance in the observed activities of the 12 training set agents (F(2,)(9) = 661.5, P < 0.0001). The model effectively predicted inhibitory potency for the training set (cross-validated r(2)(CV) = 0.944) and 4 excluded test set compounds (predictive r(2)( @entity4 ) = 0.966). The equivalent model for immobility in response to noxious stimuli explained 98.0% of the variance in the observed activities for the training set (F(2,)(9) = 219.2, P < 0.0001) and exhibited adequate predictive capability for both the training set (r(2)(CV) = 0.872) and test set (r(2)( @entity4 ) = 0.926) agents. Comparison of pharmacophoric maps showed that several key steric and electrostatic regions were common to both activity models, but differences were observed in the relative importance of these key regions with respect to the two aspects of anesthetic activity. CONCLUSIONS: The similarities in the pharmacophoric maps are consistent with @entity0 receptors contributing part of the immobilizing activity of volatile aromatic anesthetics.

title: A comparison of the molecular bases for XXXX -receptor inhibition versus immobilizing activities of volatile aromatic anesthetics.

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: Widespread mass screening of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is not recommended because the balance between benefits and harms is still not well established. The achieved mortality reduction comes with considerable harm such as unnecessary biopsies, overdiagnoses, and overtreatment. Therefore, @entity0 stratification with regard to @entity2 risk and @entity1 is necessary to identify those @entity0 who are at risk and may actually benefit from early detection. OBJECTIVE: This review critically examines the current evidence regarding risk-based @entity2 screening. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A search of the literature was performed using the Medline database. Further studies were selected based on manual searches of reference lists and review articles. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: @entity3 has been shown to be the single most significant predictive factor for identifying @entity0 at increased risk of developing @entity2 . Especially in @entity0 with no additional risk factors, @entity3 alone provides an appropriate marker up to 30 yr into the future. After assessment of an early @entity3 test, the screening frequency may be determined based on individualized risk. A limited list of additional factors such as age, comorbidity, prostate volume, family history, ethnicity, and previous biopsy status have been identified to modify risk and are important for consideration in routine practice. In @entity0 with a known @entity3 , risk calculators may hold the promise of identifying those who are at increased risk of having @entity2 and are therefore candidates for biopsy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 testing may serve as the foundation for a more risk-based assessment. However, the decision to undergo early @entity3 testing should be a shared one between the @entity0 and his physician based on information balancing its advantages and disadvantages.

title: Risk-based XXXX screening.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of lessons in the Alexander technique, massage therapy, and advice from a doctor to take exercise (exercise prescription) along with nurse delivered behavioural counselling for @entity0 with @entity2 . DESIGN: Factorial randomised trial. Setting 64 general practices in England. @entity0 : 579 @entity0 with chronic or recurrent @entity3 ; 144 were randomised to normal care, 147 to massage, 144 to six Alexander technique lessons, and 144 to 24 Alexander technique lessons; half of each of these groups were randomised to exercise prescription. INTERVENTIONS: Normal care (control), six sessions of massage, six or 24 lessons on the Alexander technique, and prescription for exercise from a doctor with nurse delivered behavioural counselling. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Roland Morris disability score (number of activities impaired by @entity1 ) and number of days in @entity1 . RESULTS: Exercise and lessons in the Alexander technique, but not massage, remained effective at one year (compared with control Roland disability score 8.1: massage -0.58, 95% confidence interval -1.94 to 0.77, six lessons -1.40, -2.77 to -0.03, 24 lessons -3.4, -4.76 to -2.03, and exercise -1.29, -2.25 to -0.34). Exercise after six lessons achieved 72% of the effect of 24 lessons alone (Roland disability score -2.98 and -4.14, respectively). Number of days with @entity2 in the past four weeks were lower after lessons (compared with control median 21 days: 24 lessons -18, six lessons -10, massage -7) and quality of life improved significantly. No significant harms were reported. CONCLUSIONS: One to one lessons in the Alexander technique from registered teachers have long term benefits for @entity0 with @entity2 . Six lessons followed by exercise prescription were nearly as effective as 24 lessons.

title: Randomised controlled trial of Alexander technique lessons, exercise, and massage (ATEAM) for chronic and recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Many studies have described the diversity of @entity3 in terms of its biological characteristics and clinical features. Moreover, much effort has been expended on the identification of prognostic factors because of unpredictable behaviors of @entity3 . However, with the exception of @entity2 size, published results have been inconsistent. We attempted to identify independent risk factors using survival analysis. Forty-one consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 were prospectively followed from January 1997 to March 2008. Overall and progression-free survival for age, sex, @entity2 size, @entity2 location, @entity1 at presentation, histologic subtype, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and resection margin were analyzed, and standard multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to evaluate potential prognostic factors. @entity2 size (>5 cm), nonlimb-based @entity2 , @entity1 at presentation, and a monophasic subtype were associated with poorer overall survival. Multivariate analysis showed @entity1 at presentation and monophasic @entity2 subtype affected overall survival. For the progression-free survival, monophasic subtype was found to be only 1 prognostic factor. The study confirmed that histologic subtype is the single most important independent prognostic factors of @entity3 regardless of @entity2 stage.

title: Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in skeletally immature @entity0 is controversial. The growth plate could be damaged if treated with the reconstruction techniques used to treat instability in adults. For this reason, many authors postpone surgical treatment until skeletal maturity, but the acceptable length of time that treatment can be postponed without causing irreversible damage to the articular cartilage in @entity0 with @entity2 is unknown. Until now, no studies have described the pathological findings and the evolution of the lesions of the articular cartilage during the growing period. For this reason, an experimental study on 16 6-month-old, skeletally immature @entity3 was performed. A complete @entity1 was achieved by removing the ligament. Two animals per group were sacrificed at intervals of 1, 3, 6, and 9 months postoperatively, and macroscopic and microscopic evaluations were performed. The presence of @entity2 and articular cartilage lesions with progressive aspects were histologically underlined. The hystological observations showed that the complete @entity1 causes irreversible articular cartilage alterations in growing @entity3 3 months after injury. These experimental data suggest that ACL reconstruction in growing @entity0 with @entity2 and instability should be indicated without waiting until skeletal maturity.

title: The effects of anterior cruciate ligament lesion on the articular cartilage of growing XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: MET (Met proto-oncogene) activation either by gene amplification or mutation is implicated in various types of @entity0 @entity2 . For @entity1 , @entity3 is reported to occur in a subset of @entity4 . Although somatic mutations of @entity8 are rare, all but one of those reported so far entail a splice mutation deleting the juxtamembrane domain for binding the c-Cbl E3-ligase; normally such binding leads to ubiquitination and receptor degradation, and loss of this domain leads to MET activation. The purpose of this study was to clarify in the role of MET activation in lung carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MET gene copy number was determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 187 of the @entity0 with @entity1 and the MET gene splice mutation deleting the juxtamembrane domain was examined by direct sequencing in 262. The results were correlated with various clinical and pathologic features including mutations of the @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity7 genes. RESULTS: All the instances of MET activation occurred in @entity0 with @entity4 . The prevalences of @entity3 and splice mutations were 1.4% (2 of 148) and 3.3% (7 of 211), respectively. We identified four different intronic mutations that disrupted a splice consensus sequence in genomic DNA. Activation of MET and mutations of the @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity7 genes had strict mutual exclusionary relationships. CONCLUSIONS: About 5% of @entity4 in this cohort of Japanese @entity0 were driven by activated MET by gene amplification or splice mutations. Such @entity0 would be candidates for targeted therapy against MET.

title: Activation of MET by gene amplification or by splice mutations deleting the juxtamembrane domain in primary XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of mild @entity4 is difficult to document, particularly, in young @entity0 with @entity1 . The usual method is to ask for subject recall using written 'diaries'. OBJECTIVE: In 2004, we investigated if new technology could be used to ascertain an accurate prevalence of mild @entity4 , particularly self-treated. We compared the use of 'text messaging' and computer-based interviewing with the standard diary method. @entity0 : Thirty-seven @entity0 , aged 7-18 yr, with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) for >1-yr duration. METHOD: Open comparison of three systems to collect the data on frequency of hypos (all severity): diary, mobile phone and computer-based interview (CBI), with qualitative analysis of @entity0 feedback. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-two hypos were found over 705 recorded days. All were graded mild or moderate and none severe. Calculated frequency was 5.2 hypos per month: 13.6% subjects had no recorded episode, 36.4% had 1-4, 31.8% 5-9 and 18.2% >10. Mean blood @entity2 level at the onset of @entity4 was 3.0 mmol/L (1.0-5.2). Response rate of occurrence of hypoglycemic episode recorded by three systems is as follows - diary: 24 (65%) of the 37 subjects reported episodes, mobile: 18 (95%) of 19 subjects and CBI: 16 (89%) of 18 subjects. Sixty-five percent of subjects preferred the mobile and 54% of subjects preferred CBI compared with the diary. Fifty-five percent and 30.8% of subjects found the mobile and the CBI, respectively, easiest to fit into their everyday life. CONCLUSIONS: Mobile phone text messaging and CBI are alternatives to written diaries as methods of data collection. Each has its own strengths and weaknesses, but both have the advantage of daily reminders, rapid response and quick data analysis. Using this technology, it was found that the frequency of @entity4 was higher (>3 times) than that previously recognized.

title: What is the frequency of symptomatic mild @entity4 in XXXX in the young?: assessment by novel mobile phone technology and computer-based interviewing.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of mild @entity4 is difficult to document, particularly, in young @entity0 with @entity1 . The usual method is to ask for subject recall using written 'diaries'. OBJECTIVE: In 2004, we investigated if new technology could be used to ascertain an accurate prevalence of mild @entity4 , particularly self-treated. We compared the use of 'text messaging' and computer-based interviewing with the standard diary method. @entity0 : Thirty-seven @entity0 , aged 7-18 yr, with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) for >1-yr duration. METHOD: Open comparison of three systems to collect the data on frequency of hypos (all severity): diary, mobile phone and computer-based interview (CBI), with qualitative analysis of @entity0 feedback. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-two hypos were found over 705 recorded days. All were graded mild or moderate and none severe. Calculated frequency was 5.2 hypos per month: 13.6% subjects had no recorded episode, 36.4% had 1-4, 31.8% 5-9 and 18.2% >10. Mean blood @entity2 level at the onset of @entity4 was 3.0 mmol/L (1.0-5.2). Response rate of occurrence of hypoglycemic episode recorded by three systems is as follows - diary: 24 (65%) of the 37 subjects reported episodes, mobile: 18 (95%) of 19 subjects and CBI: 16 (89%) of 18 subjects. Sixty-five percent of subjects preferred the mobile and 54% of subjects preferred CBI compared with the diary. Fifty-five percent and 30.8% of subjects found the mobile and the CBI, respectively, easiest to fit into their everyday life. CONCLUSIONS: Mobile phone text messaging and CBI are alternatives to written diaries as methods of data collection. Each has its own strengths and weaknesses, but both have the advantage of daily reminders, rapid response and quick data analysis. Using this technology, it was found that the frequency of @entity4 was higher (>3 times) than that previously recognized.

title: What is the frequency of symptomatic mild XXXX in @entity3 in the young?: assessment by novel mobile phone technology and computer-based interviewing.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combined modality treatment is the standard of care for @entity0 (pts) with unresectable @entity1 . Dose escalation of radiotherapy is one strategy used to improve locoregional control and survival, but it increases the risk of both early and late treatment related @entity3 . METHODS: From May 1996 to August 2004, a total of 112 @entity1 pts were treated on 4 phase I/II or phase II trials to assess the safety and feasibility of high-dose (60-90 Gy) thoracic conformal radiotherapy. @entity0 who received >/=66 Gy (n = 88) were included in an analysis of late complications. Late complications were defined as complications that developed or persisted >/=90 days postradiotherapy. The classic lung @entity3 of @entity6 and @entity2 were not included in this analysis. RESULTS: Of the 88 @entity0 included in this analysis of late complications, 21 @entity0 (24%) developed a late complication and a total of 28 late complications were observed. The late complications were: pulmonary (n = 5; @entity5 [n = 3] and fatal @entity4 [n = 2]), esophageal (n = 6), cardiac (n = 9), osseous (n = 6), and second @entity1 (n = 2). The median survival for all @entity0 enrolled on the 4 trials (with 95% confidence interval [CI]) was 24.7 months (18.1-30.4 months), and the 5-year overall survival (with 95% CI) was 24% (16-32%). Data to assess for radiographic evidence of local progression were available for 99 @entity0 , and the rate of local progression was 43% (95% CI 34-53%). CONCLUSIONS: High-dose thoracic conformal radiotherapy is feasible and results in promising survival outcomes. Late complications occur in a minority of @entity0 .

title: Late complications of high-dose (>/=66 Gy) thoracic conformal radiation therapy in combined modality trials in unresectable XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AIMS: We have previously characterized the in vitro growth of two cord blood-derived @entity0 cell populations in liquid cultures supplemented with recombinant cytokines. In the present study, we assessed the effects of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) on the growth of such cells. METHODS: @entity1 (+) @entity2 (+) Lin(-) and @entity1 (+) @entity2 (-) Lin(-) cells were obtained by negative selection, and cultured in the presence of marrow-derived MSC and/or early- and late-acting cytokines. Hematopoietic cell growth was assessed throughout a 30-day culture period. RESULTS: In the presence of MSC alone, both populations showed significant proliferation. Direct contact between MSC and @entity1 (+) cells was fundamental for optimal growth, especially for @entity1 (+) @entity2 (-) Lin(-) cells. In the presence of early-acting cytokines alone, cell growth was significantly higher than in cultures established with MSC but no cytokines. In cultures containing both MSC and early-acting cytokines, a further stimulation was observed only for @entity1 (+) @entity2 (-) Lin(-) cells. The cytokine cocktail containing both early- and late-acting cytokines was significantly more potent at inducing @entity0 cell growth than the early-acting cytokine cocktail. When cultures were supplemented with early- and late-acting cytokines, MSC had no further effect on the growth of @entity0 cells. CONCLUSIONS: MSC seem to play a key role, particularly on more primitive ( @entity1 (+) @entity2 (-) Lin(-)) cells, only in the absence of cytokines or the presence of early-acting cytokines. When both early- and late-acting cytokines are present in culture, MSC seem to be unnecessary for optimal development of @entity3 and @entity1 (+) cells.

title: Individual and combined effects of mesenchymal stromal cells and recombinant stimulatory cytokines on the in vitro growth of primitive XXXX cells from human umbilical cord blood.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We report three male @entity0 with aseptic @entity4 presenting with acute urinary retention. Viral antibody titers for herpes types I and II and the PCR studies were negative. The cerebrospinal fluid revealed elevated @entity8 . The serum antibodies against a panel of gangliosides, some of which are known to be associated with acquired @entity1 , were all negative. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies revealed spotty T2 high intensities in the basal ganglia, thalamus and brainstem in two @entity0 . In one @entity0 ,meningeal @entity7 enhancement of the conus and cauda equina of the spinal cord was recognized. On urodynamic studies, all @entity0 showed features of @entity5 with or without detrusor hyperactivity. They were treated conservatively without using @entity2 or immunoglobulins, and made a remarkable functional recovery with the disappearance of abnormal MRI findings.However, all three were left with @entity3 , and two continued to use self-intermittent catheterization at more than 3-year follow-up. There was no recurrence of symptoms. The underlying causes remain unclear, though they may represent a variant of acute disseminated @entity6 .

title: Aseptic meningo-radiculo-encephalitis presenting initially with urinary retention: a variant of acute disseminated XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: There are numerous examples of @entity0 pathogens which persist in environmental reservoirs while infectious outbreaks remain rare. In this manuscript, we consider the dynamics of @entity2 for which the primary mode of transmission is indirect and mediated by contact with a contaminated reservoir. We evaluate the realistic scenario in which the number of ingested pathogens must be above a critical threshold to cause @entity3 in susceptible individuals. This minimal infectious dose is a consequence of the clearance effect of the innate immune system. Infected individuals shed pathogens back into the aquatic reservoir, indirectly increasing the transmittability of the pathogen to the susceptible. Building upon prior works in the study of cholera dynamics, we introduce and analyze a family of reservoir mediated SIR models with a threshold pathogen density for @entity3 . Analyzing this family of models, we show that an outbreak can result from noninfinitesimal introductions of either infected individuals or additional pathogens in the reservoir. We devise two new measures of how likely it is that an environmentally persistent pathogen will cause an outbreak: (i) the minimum fraction of infected individuals; and (ii) the minimum fluctuation size of in-reservoir pathogens. We find an additional control parameter involving the shedding rate of infected individuals, which we term the pathogen enhancement ratio, which determines whether outbreaks lead to epidemics or @entity1 states. Thus, the ultimate outcome of disease is controlled by the strength of fluctuations and the global stability of a nonlinear dynamical system, as opposed to conventional analysis in which disease reflects the linear destabilization of a disease free equilibrium. Our model predicts that in the case of waterborne diseases, suppressing the pathogen density in aquatic reservoirs may be more effective than minimizing the number of infected individuals.

title: Dynamics of indirectly transmitted XXXX with immunological threshold.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Eyelash extensions are a beauty treatment in which individual synthetic extensions are applied, lash by lash, to natural eyelashes. The procedure is becoming popular worldwide because they seem more natural and last longer than other types of false eyelashes. However, partly because a bonding agent (glue) containing organic substances is applied near the eyes, consultations with ophthalmologic clinics and the National Consumer Affairs Center of Japan have increased annually. In the present study, we investigated @entity4 due to eyelash extensions. METHODS: @entity6 were retrospectively investigated in 107 @entity0 (age 21-52 years) who visited ophthalmologic clinics in Japan with complaints of eye symptoms resulting from eyelash extensions between March 2007 and March 2010. The @entity0 had no history of @entity5 . Of the @entity0 42 were 21 to 29 years of age, 44 were 30 to 39 years, 19 were 40 to 49 years, and 2 were 50 to 60 years. Three glues, the ingredients of which are not disclosed, were chemically analyzed for detection of more than 70 substances suspected to be ingredients. RESULTS: The @entity6 due to eyelash extensions included @entity8 due to invasion of glue or removing agents in 64 @entity0 , @entity1 due to glues in 42 @entity0 (4 of these @entity0 developed both @entity8 and @entity1 ), @entity7 due to eyelid-fixing tapes in 3 @entity0 , @entity1 due to eyelid-fixing tapes in 1 @entity0 , and @entity3 due to compression during removal of extensions in 1 @entity0 . In all 107 @entity0 , the symptoms were resolved by adequate treatments with eye drops and/or ointments. Ingredient analysis detected @entity2 in concentrations above the standard threshold level in all 3 glues. In addition, lead and @entity9 were also detected; however, concentrations of these particular compounds were low and therefore unlikely to cause disorders in @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Eyelash extension procedures may cause @entity6 , such as @entity8 and @entity1 ; indeed, all glues for eyelash extensions analyzed in the present study contained @entity2 , which can cause @entity8 . From the viewpoint of hygienics, it is necessary to disinfect devices, provide handling instructions for organic solvents, improve glue ingredients, and improve the ophthalmologic knowledge of the practitioners.

title: XXXX due to eyelash extensions.

answer: @entity6


abstract: CONTEXT: Pegvisomant is a specific GH receptor antagonist that is able to normalize serum @entity3 concentrations in most @entity0 with @entity5 . The impact of pegvisomant on insulin sensitivity and substrate metabolism is less well described. @entity0 AND METHODS: We assessed basal and insulin-stimulated (euglycemic clamp) substrate metabolism in seven @entity0 with active @entity5 before and after 4-wk pegvisomant treatment (15 mg/d) in an open design. RESULTS: After pegvisomant, @entity3 decreased, whereas GH increased ( @entity3 , 621 +/- 82 vs. 247 +/- 33 microg/liter, P = 0.02; GH, 5.3 +/- 1.5 vs. 10.8 +/- 3.3 microg/liter, P = 0.02). Basal serum insulin and plasma @entity2 levels decreased after treatment (insulin, 54 +/- 5.9 vs. 42 +/- 5.3 pmol/liter, P = 0.001; @entity2 , 5.7 +/- 0.1 vs. 5.3 +/- 0.0 mmol/liter, not significant), whereas @entity6 kinetics were unaltered. During the clamp, the @entity2 infusion rate increased after pegvisomant (3.1 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.4 +/- 0.6 mg/kg.min, P = 0.02), whereas the suppression of endogenous @entity2 production tended to increase (0.7 +/- 0.0 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.1 mg/kg.min, not significant). Total resting energy expenditure decreased after pegvisomant treatment (1703 +/- 109 vs. 1563 +/- 101 kcal/24 h, P = 0.03), but the rate of lipid oxidation did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Pegvisomant treatment for 4 wk improves peripheral and @entity1 in @entity5 . 2) This is associated with a decrease in resting energy expenditure, whereas free @entity4 metabolism is unaltered. 3) The data support the important direct effects of GH on @entity2 metabolism and add additional benefits to pegvisomant treatment for @entity5 .

title: The impact of pegvisomant treatment on substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: CONTEXT: Pegvisomant is a specific GH receptor antagonist that is able to normalize serum @entity3 concentrations in most @entity0 with @entity5 . The impact of pegvisomant on insulin sensitivity and substrate metabolism is less well described. @entity0 AND METHODS: We assessed basal and insulin-stimulated (euglycemic clamp) substrate metabolism in seven @entity0 with active @entity5 before and after 4-wk pegvisomant treatment (15 mg/d) in an open design. RESULTS: After pegvisomant, @entity3 decreased, whereas GH increased ( @entity3 , 621 +/- 82 vs. 247 +/- 33 microg/liter, P = 0.02; GH, 5.3 +/- 1.5 vs. 10.8 +/- 3.3 microg/liter, P = 0.02). Basal serum insulin and plasma @entity2 levels decreased after treatment (insulin, 54 +/- 5.9 vs. 42 +/- 5.3 pmol/liter, P = 0.001; @entity2 , 5.7 +/- 0.1 vs. 5.3 +/- 0.0 mmol/liter, not significant), whereas @entity6 kinetics were unaltered. During the clamp, the @entity2 infusion rate increased after pegvisomant (3.1 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.4 +/- 0.6 mg/kg.min, P = 0.02), whereas the suppression of endogenous @entity2 production tended to increase (0.7 +/- 0.0 vs. 0.5 +/- 0.1 mg/kg.min, not significant). Total resting energy expenditure decreased after pegvisomant treatment (1703 +/- 109 vs. 1563 +/- 101 kcal/24 h, P = 0.03), but the rate of lipid oxidation did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Pegvisomant treatment for 4 wk improves peripheral and @entity1 in @entity5 . 2) This is associated with a decrease in resting energy expenditure, whereas free @entity4 metabolism is unaltered. 3) The data support the important direct effects of GH on @entity2 metabolism and add additional benefits to pegvisomant treatment for @entity5 .

title: The impact of pegvisomant treatment on substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity in XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A method for assessing @entity1 drug sensitivity is described that is based on preparation of tissue slices and use of @entity7 chips equipped with electrochemical sensors (multisensor array). The @entity1 slices (200-300 microM thick) are prepared after surgery and incubated in a medium for recovery after slicing. The advantage, compared to other preparations, is that the original three-dimensional structure is retained. Multisensor arrays measure: (a) pericellular acidification (anaerobic metabolism) and (b) @entity2 consumption (respiration). The innovative aspect is that such measurements can be made online, as opposed to using a large battery of endpoint tests on cell vitality and proliferation. Electron microscopy of slices serves to determine cell density and structure and induction of apoptosis/ @entity3 . Slices of more than 200 @entity0 were used. Metabolic activity was inhibited by @entity5 , which reduces glycolysis, and @entity6 , which inhibits respiration. These changes are thus reflected in the curves of acidification and @entity2 consumption. In other experiments the cytostatic @entity4 , an anticytoskeletal agent, was used showing dose and time-dependent effects on acidification and @entity2 consumption. In conclusion, the method presented here, is able to provide information on drug sensitivity of a @entity1 , which aids in designing individualized therapy and is used for drug screening.

title: A new method to assess drug sensitivity on XXXX acute slices preparation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obese @entity0 have myocardial structural and functional alterations related to @entity4 resistance. HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of the study was to analyze the effects of @entity5 , an @entity4 sensitizer agent, on cardiac morphometry and functioning. METHODS: In 2 groups of sex- and age-matched, nondiabetic, @entity2 @entity0 (5 @entity0 and 7 @entity0 , age 19-51 y; group A: body mass index [BMI] 40.6 +/- 3.4 kg/m(2); group B: BMI 42.6 +/- 2.7 kg/m(2)), we evaluated the basal @entity4 sensitivity index (HOMA[IS]), body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis and 24-h blood pressure monitoring. Furthermore, all @entity0 underwent conventional 2-Dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography, and pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). After the baseline evaluation, all @entity0 were put on a hypocaloric diet (70% basal metabolic rate) plus placebo if they were in group A, or plus @entity5 (4 mg twice daily; Avandia [GlaxoSmithKline plc., Brentford, Middlesex, United Kingdom]) if they were in group B, for 6 mo. RESULTS: Significant decreases in body weight, total fat mass, BMI, and systolic blood pressure were registered in both groups. @entity5 administration appeared more efficient in improving HOMA(IS) (mean difference: 0.30 +/- 0.19 versus 0.11 +/- 0.21, p < 0.05). Left ventricular (LV) diastolic diameter (49.4 +/- 7.7 versus 52.3 +/- 5.4 mm, p < 0.05) and E wave (0.89 +/- 0.18 versus 0.99 +/- 0.20 m/sec, p < 0.05) increased in the @entity5 group due to a rise in preload and water content without peripheral @entity1 . The increase in systolic (Sa) wave velocity in both groups was probably a result of the general improvement in @entity4 metabolism and the decrease in blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the positive effect of @entity5 on @entity3 metabolism in @entity2 , nondiabetic @entity0 , but changes in @entity4 sensitivity did not explain the cardiac effects produced by further mechanisms.

title: Evaluation of @entity5 administration on cardiovascular function in severe XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obese @entity0 have myocardial structural and functional alterations related to @entity4 resistance. HYPOTHESIS: The purpose of the study was to analyze the effects of @entity5 , an @entity4 sensitizer agent, on cardiac morphometry and functioning. METHODS: In 2 groups of sex- and age-matched, nondiabetic, @entity2 @entity0 (5 @entity0 and 7 @entity0 , age 19-51 y; group A: body mass index [BMI] 40.6 +/- 3.4 kg/m(2); group B: BMI 42.6 +/- 2.7 kg/m(2)), we evaluated the basal @entity4 sensitivity index (HOMA[IS]), body composition by bioelectrical impedance analysis and 24-h blood pressure monitoring. Furthermore, all @entity0 underwent conventional 2-Dimensional and color Doppler echocardiography, and pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). After the baseline evaluation, all @entity0 were put on a hypocaloric diet (70% basal metabolic rate) plus placebo if they were in group A, or plus @entity5 (4 mg twice daily; Avandia [GlaxoSmithKline plc., Brentford, Middlesex, United Kingdom]) if they were in group B, for 6 mo. RESULTS: Significant decreases in body weight, total fat mass, BMI, and systolic blood pressure were registered in both groups. @entity5 administration appeared more efficient in improving HOMA(IS) (mean difference: 0.30 +/- 0.19 versus 0.11 +/- 0.21, p < 0.05). Left ventricular (LV) diastolic diameter (49.4 +/- 7.7 versus 52.3 +/- 5.4 mm, p < 0.05) and E wave (0.89 +/- 0.18 versus 0.99 +/- 0.20 m/sec, p < 0.05) increased in the @entity5 group due to a rise in preload and water content without peripheral @entity1 . The increase in systolic (Sa) wave velocity in both groups was probably a result of the general improvement in @entity4 metabolism and the decrease in blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed the positive effect of @entity5 on @entity3 metabolism in @entity2 , nondiabetic @entity0 , but changes in @entity4 sensitivity did not explain the cardiac effects produced by further mechanisms.

title: Evaluation of XXXX administration on cardiovascular function in severe @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The role of tissue expansion for coverage of soft-tissue defects of the face following @entity1 has been briefly described previously with good results but limited follow-up. Recent scientific evidence has arisen that @entity1 adversely affect the rheological properties of normal surrounding skin resulting in hyper-extensibility of dermal elements. In this context, we believe that long-term outcomes of tissue expansion for treatment of soft-tissue defects in @entity0 with craniofacial @entity2 would demonstrate suboptimal results because of loss of contour. Between June 1981 and June 2011, two @entity0 underwent five tissue expander placements during the course of treatment for craniofacial @entity2 at our institution. In both @entity0 , tissue expansion was used to recruit tissue for fascio-cutaneous flaps following radical excision of adjacent @entity1 . Three cervical expansions were performed for cheek and lateral face recontouring. One forehead expansion was used for nasal reconstruction and a second forehead expansion was performed for temporo-orbital recontouring. No perioperative complications occurred related to the tissue expander placement, expansions or radical excisions. Photographic follow-up of 15 years is available in each case. Cervical tissue expanded to provide cheek coverage demonstrated early loss of contour. Loss of lateral cheek contour resulted in increased morbidity from lateral and caudal displacement of the mid-face and orbital tissues requiring multiple revisional procedures. Tissue expansion of the forehead for both nasal reconstruction and temporo-orbital reconstruction demonstrated excellent long-lasting results.

title: Craniofacial XXXX and tissue expansion: long-term results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Porcine small intestinal submucosa (SIS) was shown to be an effective bioscaffold in enhancing the mechanical properties of healing @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are corresponding improvements in morphology and tissue compositions. Fourteen @entity0 were equally divided into two groups. In the SIS-treated group, a 6 mm gap was surgically created in the right @entity2 and a layer of SIS was sutured covering the gap. For the nontreated group, the gap-injured MCLs remained untreated. All the left MCLs were sham operated and used as controls. At 12 weeks, the status of collagen types I and V was evaluated with immunofluorescent staining. The collagen type V/I ratios were obtained using @entity1 -PAGE. Collagen fibril diameters were calculated from the transmission electron micrographs. The results revealed that in the SIS-treated group, the collagen fibers were more regularly aligned as were the cell nuclei. The collagen fibril diameters were 22.2% larger and the ratio of collagen type V/I was 28.4% lower than those for the nontreated group (p < 0.05). These improvements in the morphological characteristics and biochemical constituents of healing MCLs following SIS treatment are the likely reasons for improved mechanical properties.

title: Treatment with bioscaffold enhances the the fibril morphology and the collagen composition of healing medial collateral ligament in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity9 manifesting as a @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity6 . METHODS: We describe the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings in a @entity0 with an unusual clinical course of @entity9 . RESULTS: A 65-year-old @entity0 presented with a hoarse voice and an enlarging tender mass in the right side of the neck. On admission, thyroid function was consistent with @entity7 from @entity9 . Laboratory studies showed a corrected serum @entity2 concentration of 11.4 mg/dL, intact parathyroid hormone of 125 pg/mL, @entity11 of 12 ng/mL, and @entity4 of 1.8 mg/dL. Computed tomography of the neck without use of a contrast agent showed a heterogeneous mass in the right side of the neck in conjunction with deviation of the @entity3 from right to left but without invasion of the @entity3 . Thyroid ultrasonography disclosed a heterogeneous mass in the right thyroid lobe measuring 4.7 cm by 5.5 cm by 4.5 cm. Flexible laryngoscopy revealed right @entity8 . Treatment with a course of @entity1 yielded normalization of the serum @entity2 level, improvement in her voice, and a decrease in size of the @entity5 . Four months after initial presentation of the @entity0 , @entity10 levels became normal, she was clinically euthyroid, and she had a full recovery of her voice. Her serum @entity2 concentration was normal (9.8 mg/dL) in association with a near-normal parathyroid hormone level of 90 pg/mL. The @entity11 and @entity4 values were also normal. Repeated thyroid ultrasonography showed a smaller right thyroid lobe with a dominant nodule measuring 2.0 cm by 1.3 cm by 1.4 cm in the right upper pole. CONCLUSION: This case illustrates that @entity9 can have the unusual initial manifestations of a @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity6 . In similar @entity0 , a trial of corticosteroid therapy may be warranted in an effort to improve clinical symptoms and thus avoid unnecessary surgical treatment.

title: @entity9 manifesting as a @entity5 , XXXX , and @entity6 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity9 manifesting as a @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity6 . METHODS: We describe the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings in a @entity0 with an unusual clinical course of @entity9 . RESULTS: A 65-year-old @entity0 presented with a hoarse voice and an enlarging tender mass in the right side of the neck. On admission, thyroid function was consistent with @entity7 from @entity9 . Laboratory studies showed a corrected serum @entity2 concentration of 11.4 mg/dL, intact parathyroid hormone of 125 pg/mL, @entity11 of 12 ng/mL, and @entity4 of 1.8 mg/dL. Computed tomography of the neck without use of a contrast agent showed a heterogeneous mass in the right side of the neck in conjunction with deviation of the @entity3 from right to left but without invasion of the @entity3 . Thyroid ultrasonography disclosed a heterogeneous mass in the right thyroid lobe measuring 4.7 cm by 5.5 cm by 4.5 cm. Flexible laryngoscopy revealed right @entity8 . Treatment with a course of @entity1 yielded normalization of the serum @entity2 level, improvement in her voice, and a decrease in size of the @entity5 . Four months after initial presentation of the @entity0 , @entity10 levels became normal, she was clinically euthyroid, and she had a full recovery of her voice. Her serum @entity2 concentration was normal (9.8 mg/dL) in association with a near-normal parathyroid hormone level of 90 pg/mL. The @entity11 and @entity4 values were also normal. Repeated thyroid ultrasonography showed a smaller right thyroid lobe with a dominant nodule measuring 2.0 cm by 1.3 cm by 1.4 cm in the right upper pole. CONCLUSION: This case illustrates that @entity9 can have the unusual initial manifestations of a @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity6 . In similar @entity0 , a trial of corticosteroid therapy may be warranted in an effort to improve clinical symptoms and thus avoid unnecessary surgical treatment.

title: XXXX manifesting as a @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity6 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity9 manifesting as a @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity6 . METHODS: We describe the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings in a @entity0 with an unusual clinical course of @entity9 . RESULTS: A 65-year-old @entity0 presented with a hoarse voice and an enlarging tender mass in the right side of the neck. On admission, thyroid function was consistent with @entity7 from @entity9 . Laboratory studies showed a corrected serum @entity2 concentration of 11.4 mg/dL, intact parathyroid hormone of 125 pg/mL, @entity11 of 12 ng/mL, and @entity4 of 1.8 mg/dL. Computed tomography of the neck without use of a contrast agent showed a heterogeneous mass in the right side of the neck in conjunction with deviation of the @entity3 from right to left but without invasion of the @entity3 . Thyroid ultrasonography disclosed a heterogeneous mass in the right thyroid lobe measuring 4.7 cm by 5.5 cm by 4.5 cm. Flexible laryngoscopy revealed right @entity8 . Treatment with a course of @entity1 yielded normalization of the serum @entity2 level, improvement in her voice, and a decrease in size of the @entity5 . Four months after initial presentation of the @entity0 , @entity10 levels became normal, she was clinically euthyroid, and she had a full recovery of her voice. Her serum @entity2 concentration was normal (9.8 mg/dL) in association with a near-normal parathyroid hormone level of 90 pg/mL. The @entity11 and @entity4 values were also normal. Repeated thyroid ultrasonography showed a smaller right thyroid lobe with a dominant nodule measuring 2.0 cm by 1.3 cm by 1.4 cm in the right upper pole. CONCLUSION: This case illustrates that @entity9 can have the unusual initial manifestations of a @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity6 . In similar @entity0 , a trial of corticosteroid therapy may be warranted in an effort to improve clinical symptoms and thus avoid unnecessary surgical treatment.

title: @entity9 manifesting as a @entity5 , @entity8 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity9 manifesting as a @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity6 . METHODS: We describe the clinical, laboratory, and radiologic findings in a @entity0 with an unusual clinical course of @entity9 . RESULTS: A 65-year-old @entity0 presented with a hoarse voice and an enlarging tender mass in the right side of the neck. On admission, thyroid function was consistent with @entity7 from @entity9 . Laboratory studies showed a corrected serum @entity2 concentration of 11.4 mg/dL, intact parathyroid hormone of 125 pg/mL, @entity11 of 12 ng/mL, and @entity4 of 1.8 mg/dL. Computed tomography of the neck without use of a contrast agent showed a heterogeneous mass in the right side of the neck in conjunction with deviation of the @entity3 from right to left but without invasion of the @entity3 . Thyroid ultrasonography disclosed a heterogeneous mass in the right thyroid lobe measuring 4.7 cm by 5.5 cm by 4.5 cm. Flexible laryngoscopy revealed right @entity8 . Treatment with a course of @entity1 yielded normalization of the serum @entity2 level, improvement in her voice, and a decrease in size of the @entity5 . Four months after initial presentation of the @entity0 , @entity10 levels became normal, she was clinically euthyroid, and she had a full recovery of her voice. Her serum @entity2 concentration was normal (9.8 mg/dL) in association with a near-normal parathyroid hormone level of 90 pg/mL. The @entity11 and @entity4 values were also normal. Repeated thyroid ultrasonography showed a smaller right thyroid lobe with a dominant nodule measuring 2.0 cm by 1.3 cm by 1.4 cm in the right upper pole. CONCLUSION: This case illustrates that @entity9 can have the unusual initial manifestations of a @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity6 . In similar @entity0 , a trial of corticosteroid therapy may be warranted in an effort to improve clinical symptoms and thus avoid unnecessary surgical treatment.

title: @entity9 manifesting as a XXXX , @entity8 , and @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: Recently, cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway manipulation has been proposed as a new strategy to control cytokine production in @entity1 . We investigated whether hypercytokinemia can be controlled via this pathway in an animal model of @entity1 , with concomitant monitoring of autonomic nervous activity involving heart rate variability (HRV) analysis of electrocardiographic R-R intervals. METHODS: Sixty-eight adult male @entity0 were used (28 for examination of cytokine production and autonomic nervous activity; 40 for survival analysis). Each part of the study involved four animal groups, including two control groups without drug administration. @entity1 was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). @entity9 , a peripheral, non-selective cholinesterase inhibitor (0.01mg/kg), was administered subcutaneously 90 min after surgery. Continuous electrocardiograms were recorded for 5 min before and after surgery (at intervals of 5h) in CLP and sham-operated animals for HRV analysis. Blood samples were collected 20 h after surgery for serum cytokine and @entity7 assay. RESULTS: On HRV analysis, @entity9 inhibited reduction of total power and high-frequency components in CLP animals (P<0.05). @entity9 significantly inhibited cytokine induction ( @entity3 and @entity8 ) (P<0.01) as well as increase in serum levels of @entity5 and @entity4 (P<0.05). @entity9 did not significantly improve CLP animal survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: The cholinesterase inhibitor @entity9 inhibited induction of inflammatory cytokines and @entity6 as well as HRV suppression in a @entity0 CLP model, suggesting that an agent modulating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway can control excess cytokine production involved in the pathogenesis of severe @entity1 / @entity2 .

title: Effects of a peripheral cholinesterase inhibitor on cytokine production and autonomic nervous activity in a @entity0 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Recently, cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway manipulation has been proposed as a new strategy to control cytokine production in @entity1 . We investigated whether hypercytokinemia can be controlled via this pathway in an animal model of @entity1 , with concomitant monitoring of autonomic nervous activity involving heart rate variability (HRV) analysis of electrocardiographic R-R intervals. METHODS: Sixty-eight adult male @entity0 were used (28 for examination of cytokine production and autonomic nervous activity; 40 for survival analysis). Each part of the study involved four animal groups, including two control groups without drug administration. @entity1 was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). @entity9 , a peripheral, non-selective cholinesterase inhibitor (0.01mg/kg), was administered subcutaneously 90 min after surgery. Continuous electrocardiograms were recorded for 5 min before and after surgery (at intervals of 5h) in CLP and sham-operated animals for HRV analysis. Blood samples were collected 20 h after surgery for serum cytokine and @entity7 assay. RESULTS: On HRV analysis, @entity9 inhibited reduction of total power and high-frequency components in CLP animals (P<0.05). @entity9 significantly inhibited cytokine induction ( @entity3 and @entity8 ) (P<0.01) as well as increase in serum levels of @entity5 and @entity4 (P<0.05). @entity9 did not significantly improve CLP animal survival rate. CONCLUSIONS: The cholinesterase inhibitor @entity9 inhibited induction of inflammatory cytokines and @entity6 as well as HRV suppression in a @entity0 CLP model, suggesting that an agent modulating the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway can control excess cytokine production involved in the pathogenesis of severe @entity1 / @entity2 .

title: Effects of a peripheral cholinesterase inhibitor on cytokine production and autonomic nervous activity in a XXXX model of @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 allograft @entity1 (BKVAN) is a rising complication in kidney transplant recipients. Reducing immunosuppression has been the initial form of therapy in most cases, but is not always associated with improvement in graft function. Anti-viral therapy with low-dose @entity4 (0.25-0.42 mg/kg/dose) has been used successfully in some @entity0 , but dose-related nephrotoxicity has limited its use. We present our experience with 3 kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with BKVAN who received intermediate-dose @entity4 (0.75-1.0 mg/kg/dose) without probenecid, and without concomitant nephrotoxicity. Three female @entity0 , ages 8, 19 and 20 yr, presented with elevated serum @entity3 (SCr) values, @entity5 stain positive on renal biopsy and high plasma BK viral loads. As a result of viral loads being >2 million copies/ml in two @entity0 and a lack of response to reduction in immunosuppression in the third, we initiated therapy with low-dose @entity4 . Because of persistent positive BK stain and positive plasma viral load, we then administered intermediate-dose @entity4 , without probenecid, for several subsequent doses (seven to 15 infusions till date). All @entity0 tolerated the intermediate-dose @entity4 with no significant rise in SCr during the course of the infusions. The most recent SCr values in all three @entity0 were improved from those at the initial diagnosis of BKVAN. All three @entity0 showed a marked drop in BK viral loads when on intermediate-dose @entity4 , with complete clearing of @entity2 in two @entity0 . In our experience, intermediate-dose @entity4 without probenecid, used judiciously, is not associated with additional nephrotoxicity and may provide an additional alternative for treatment.

title: Intermediate-dose @entity4 without probenecid in the treatment of @entity5 allograft XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 allograft @entity1 (BKVAN) is a rising complication in kidney transplant recipients. Reducing immunosuppression has been the initial form of therapy in most cases, but is not always associated with improvement in graft function. Anti-viral therapy with low-dose @entity4 (0.25-0.42 mg/kg/dose) has been used successfully in some @entity0 , but dose-related nephrotoxicity has limited its use. We present our experience with 3 kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with BKVAN who received intermediate-dose @entity4 (0.75-1.0 mg/kg/dose) without probenecid, and without concomitant nephrotoxicity. Three female @entity0 , ages 8, 19 and 20 yr, presented with elevated serum @entity3 (SCr) values, @entity5 stain positive on renal biopsy and high plasma BK viral loads. As a result of viral loads being >2 million copies/ml in two @entity0 and a lack of response to reduction in immunosuppression in the third, we initiated therapy with low-dose @entity4 . Because of persistent positive BK stain and positive plasma viral load, we then administered intermediate-dose @entity4 , without probenecid, for several subsequent doses (seven to 15 infusions till date). All @entity0 tolerated the intermediate-dose @entity4 with no significant rise in SCr during the course of the infusions. The most recent SCr values in all three @entity0 were improved from those at the initial diagnosis of BKVAN. All three @entity0 showed a marked drop in BK viral loads when on intermediate-dose @entity4 , with complete clearing of @entity2 in two @entity0 . In our experience, intermediate-dose @entity4 without probenecid, used judiciously, is not associated with additional nephrotoxicity and may provide an additional alternative for treatment.

title: Intermediate-dose @entity4 without probenecid in the treatment of XXXX allograft @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 allograft @entity1 (BKVAN) is a rising complication in kidney transplant recipients. Reducing immunosuppression has been the initial form of therapy in most cases, but is not always associated with improvement in graft function. Anti-viral therapy with low-dose @entity4 (0.25-0.42 mg/kg/dose) has been used successfully in some @entity0 , but dose-related nephrotoxicity has limited its use. We present our experience with 3 kidney transplant recipients diagnosed with BKVAN who received intermediate-dose @entity4 (0.75-1.0 mg/kg/dose) without probenecid, and without concomitant nephrotoxicity. Three female @entity0 , ages 8, 19 and 20 yr, presented with elevated serum @entity3 (SCr) values, @entity5 stain positive on renal biopsy and high plasma BK viral loads. As a result of viral loads being >2 million copies/ml in two @entity0 and a lack of response to reduction in immunosuppression in the third, we initiated therapy with low-dose @entity4 . Because of persistent positive BK stain and positive plasma viral load, we then administered intermediate-dose @entity4 , without probenecid, for several subsequent doses (seven to 15 infusions till date). All @entity0 tolerated the intermediate-dose @entity4 with no significant rise in SCr during the course of the infusions. The most recent SCr values in all three @entity0 were improved from those at the initial diagnosis of BKVAN. All three @entity0 showed a marked drop in BK viral loads when on intermediate-dose @entity4 , with complete clearing of @entity2 in two @entity0 . In our experience, intermediate-dose @entity4 without probenecid, used judiciously, is not associated with additional nephrotoxicity and may provide an additional alternative for treatment.

title: Intermediate-dose XXXX without probenecid in the treatment of @entity5 allograft @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Haemodialysis @entity0 are at higher risk of developing active @entity2 . However, @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have limitations and the diagnostic usefulness of interferon-y-release assays (IGRAs) remains unclear in immunocompromised hosts including haemodialysis @entity0 . Haemodialysis @entity0 were enrolled from a dialysis centre in Korea, an intermediate TB-burden country with a high bacille Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) vaccination rate. The QuantiFERON-Gold TB In tube test (QFT) and the T-SPOT TB test (TSPOT) were performed, along with the @entity1 . We stratified @entity0 to low- and high-risk groups, according to the risk factors for @entity4 . Association between each of the three diagnostic @entity3 and the risk of @entity4 was analysed. One hundred and sixty-seven @entity0 were enrolled. The positive rates for the @entity1 , the QFT and TSPOT were 23.5, 45.9 and 60.4%, respectively. Previous BCG vaccination increased the @entity1 -positive rate in the low-risk group (OR 4.438), whereas it affected neither QFT nor TSPOT. The positive QFT rates were 41.2 and 62.5% in the low- and high-risk groups, respectively. The QFT was associated with the high-risk group (OR 2.578), whereas the @entity1 was not. The positive TSPOT rates were 58.9 and 65.7% in the low- and high-risk groups, respectively. The frequency of indeterminate results was higher for the QFT (12.6%) compared with the TSPOT (4.8%). In conclusion, the IGRAs can be useful for the diagnosis of @entity4 in haemodialysis @entity0 .

title: Validity of interferon-y-release assays for the diagnosis of XXXX in haemodialysis @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Haemodialysis @entity0 are at higher risk of developing active @entity2 . However, @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have limitations and the diagnostic usefulness of interferon-y-release assays (IGRAs) remains unclear in immunocompromised hosts including haemodialysis @entity0 . Haemodialysis @entity0 were enrolled from a dialysis centre in Korea, an intermediate TB-burden country with a high bacille Calmette-Gu  rin (BCG) vaccination rate. The QuantiFERON-Gold TB In tube test (QFT) and the T-SPOT TB test (TSPOT) were performed, along with the @entity1 . We stratified @entity0 to low- and high-risk groups, according to the risk factors for @entity4 . Association between each of the three diagnostic @entity3 and the risk of @entity4 was analysed. One hundred and sixty-seven @entity0 were enrolled. The positive rates for the @entity1 , the QFT and TSPOT were 23.5, 45.9 and 60.4%, respectively. Previous BCG vaccination increased the @entity1 -positive rate in the low-risk group (OR 4.438), whereas it affected neither QFT nor TSPOT. The positive QFT rates were 41.2 and 62.5% in the low- and high-risk groups, respectively. The QFT was associated with the high-risk group (OR 2.578), whereas the @entity1 was not. The positive TSPOT rates were 58.9 and 65.7% in the low- and high-risk groups, respectively. The frequency of indeterminate results was higher for the QFT (12.6%) compared with the TSPOT (4.8%). In conclusion, the IGRAs can be useful for the diagnosis of @entity4 in haemodialysis @entity0 .

title: Validity of interferon-y-release assays for the diagnosis of @entity4 in haemodialysis XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Understanding the effect of herpes zoster and zoster-related @entity2 should inform care to improve health-related quality of life in elderly @entity0 . A 12-month, longitudinal, prospective, multicenter observational study conducted in primary care in France enrolled @entity0 aged >=  50 years with @entity4 . @entity0 -reported zoster-related @entity2 was assessed by validated questionnaires (Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions [DN4], Zoster Brief @entity2 Inventory [ZBPI], and @entity1 Symptom Inventory [NPSI]) on days 0 and 15, and at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Health-related quality of life was assessed by the 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12) and the Hospital Anxiety and @entity3 scale on day 0 and at months 3, 6, and 12. Of 1358 @entity0 included, 1032 completed follow-up. Mean    standard deviation age was 67.7    10.7 (range, 50-95) years; 62.2% were @entity0 . Most @entity0 (94.1%) were prescribed antiviral drugs. The prevalence of zoster-related @entity2 on day 0 and at months 3, 6, 9, and 12 was 79.6%, 11.6%, 8.5%, 7.4%, and 6.0%, respectively. @entity0 with persistent @entity2 had lower scores on the physical and mental component summaries of the SF-12 and the ZBPI interference score than those without @entity2 . By logistic regression analysis, main predictive factors on day 0 for @entity6 at month 3 were age, male sex, ZBPI interference score, Physical Component Summary score of the SF-12, and @entity5 of @entity2 (DN4 score >=  4). Despite early diagnosis and treatment with antiviral agents, many @entity0 with herpes zoster experience persistent @entity2 and marked long-term reduction in health-related quality of life.

title: XXXX perspective on herpes zoster and its complications: an observational prospective study in @entity0 aged over 50 years in general practice.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Understanding the effect of herpes zoster and zoster-related @entity2 should inform care to improve health-related quality of life in elderly @entity0 . A 12-month, longitudinal, prospective, multicenter observational study conducted in primary care in France enrolled @entity0 aged >=  50 years with @entity4 . @entity0 -reported zoster-related @entity2 was assessed by validated questionnaires (Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions [DN4], Zoster Brief @entity2 Inventory [ZBPI], and @entity1 Symptom Inventory [NPSI]) on days 0 and 15, and at months 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12. Health-related quality of life was assessed by the 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12) and the Hospital Anxiety and @entity3 scale on day 0 and at months 3, 6, and 12. Of 1358 @entity0 included, 1032 completed follow-up. Mean    standard deviation age was 67.7    10.7 (range, 50-95) years; 62.2% were @entity0 . Most @entity0 (94.1%) were prescribed antiviral drugs. The prevalence of zoster-related @entity2 on day 0 and at months 3, 6, 9, and 12 was 79.6%, 11.6%, 8.5%, 7.4%, and 6.0%, respectively. @entity0 with persistent @entity2 had lower scores on the physical and mental component summaries of the SF-12 and the ZBPI interference score than those without @entity2 . By logistic regression analysis, main predictive factors on day 0 for @entity6 at month 3 were age, male sex, ZBPI interference score, Physical Component Summary score of the SF-12, and @entity5 of @entity2 (DN4 score >=  4). Despite early diagnosis and treatment with antiviral agents, many @entity0 with herpes zoster experience persistent @entity2 and marked long-term reduction in health-related quality of life.

title: @entity0 perspective on herpes zoster and its complications: an observational prospective study in XXXX aged over 50 years in general practice.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) results in @entity0 whose spouses had deployed during or after pregnancy vs. those whose spouses had not. STUDY DESIGN: A chart review of 6-week postpartum visits of @entity0 with active-duty spouses was conducted over 10 months. Associations between military deployments and EPDS score were examined by Student's t test, and rates of positive screens (with a cutoff of 12) between groups were compared by odds ratio (OR). Linear regression was used to calculate predictors of EPDS score. RESULTS: A total of 415 charts were analyzed. The average EPDS score of @entity0 whose partner did deploy during the pregnancy was 7.36 compared to 4.81 for those whose partners did not (p < 0.001). The percentage of positive screens for @entity0 whose partner deployed during the pregnancy was 25.27% compared with 10.94% for an OR of 2.75 (p < 0.001). Linear regression showed partner's deployment during pregnancy to be an independent predictor of EPDS score (p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: Deployment of a spouse during pregnancy may be a risk factor for @entity1 . Aggressive screening of this at-risk population is recommended.

title: Spousal military deployment as a risk factor for postpartum XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Most physicians believe that @entity0 who have @entity1 within 24 hours of the planned date of discharge should be kept in the hospital until the @entity1 resolves. A search of the literature revealed very few articles addressing this topic. The object of this study was to review a number of @entity0 discharges from the surgical service and to document the presence or absence of @entity1 within 24 hours of the time of discharge. The primary end point of the study was to determine the rate of readmission for both @entity0 discharged with @entity1 and those discharged without @entity1 . Secondary end points were to determine whether the readmission was related to the original discharge diagnosis or the presence of @entity1 at the time of discharge. The records of all adult @entity0 with a hospital length of stay of > or = 5 days discharged from the surgical and gynecology services from April through July of 2007 were reviewed. Deaths were excluded. The following data elements were recorded: primary discharge diagnosis; age; highest recorded temperature within 24 hours of discharge; date time and cause of readmission within 30 days; and outcome. Fever was defined as a temperature of > or = 100 degrees F. Data were entered into an Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, WA) spreadsheet, and statistical analysis was performed using chi2 and Fisher's exact tests using Primer of Biostatistics (McGraw-Hill, New York, NY). The records of 300 consecutive @entity0 were reviewed. Follow-up was available for 86.7 per cent of the @entity0 , 84.4 per cent of the febrile @entity0 , and 87.1 per cent of the nonfebrile @entity0 . A @entity1 of > or = 100 degrees within 24 hours of discharge was noted in 45 (15.0%) @entity0 . The mean @entity1 was 100.5 degrees, with a range of 100 degrees to 102.1 degrees. There were 38 readmissions. Of the 45 @entity0 with @entity1 , seven (15.6%) were readmitted. Of those seven, four readmissions were related to the previous admitting diagnosis. Of the @entity0 who were discharged without @entity1 , 31 (12.2%) were readmitted with 24 of those readmissions for diagnoses related to the first admission. The rate of readmission for @entity1 and nonfever @entity0 was not statistically significantly different (P = 0.697). Similarly, the rate of related versus nonrelated diagnoses in both the @entity1 and nonfever groups was not statistically significantly different (P = 0.351). The presence or absence of @entity1 within 24 hours of @entity0 discharge seems to have no impact on the rate of readmission within 30 days.

title: Does XXXX at the time of discharge have any impact on the incidence of readmission?

answer: @entity1


abstract: Traumatic experiences have dire consequences for the mental health of young @entity0 . Despite high rates of traumatic experiences in some African cities, there are no reports for Nigerian youth. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pattern of traumatic events and their association with @entity1 among youth in Southwest Nigeria. METHODS: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study of randomly selected youth in urban and rural schools in Southwest Nigeria. They completed self-reports on traumatic events and @entity1 using the Street @entity0 's Project Questionnaire and the Youth DISC Predictive Scale (DPS). RESULTS: Of the 1,768 responses (88.4% response rate) entered into the analysis, 34% reported experiencing a traumatic situation. Following interpretative phenomenological analysis, 13 themes emerged. Frequently occurring traumatic events were 'road traffic accidents' (33.0%), 'sickness' (17.1%), 'lost or trapped' (11.2%) and 'armed robbery attack' (9.7%). A bad dream was described by 3.7%. Traumatic experiences were commoner in males (36.2%) than in females (31.6%) (x2 = 4.2; p = .041). Experiencing a traumatic event was associated with @entity1 (X2 = 37.98; p < .001), especially when the event directly affected the youth as in @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: One-third of youth in Southwest Nigeria have described an experienced traumatic event. Road traffic accidents, armed robbery attacks, and communal disturbances depict the prevailing social environment, whereas 'bad dreams' revealed the influence of cultural beliefs. Policy makers must be aware of the social issues making an impact on the health of youth. Multi-agency interventions to improve the social environment and provide mental health services for traumatized young @entity0 are essential.

title: Traumatic events and XXXX among youth in Southwest Nigeria: a qualitative analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: At the Department of Radiation Oncology, Westmead Hospital, between 1980 and 2000, 60 @entity0 with @entity5 of anal canal or margin (including 15 with Stage IIIA or IIIB) were treated radically; 55 received chemoradiation (89% were prescribed @entity6 and @entity8 ). Five-year overall survival was 64% (95% confidence interval (CI): 48-79%), with a median survival of 9.75 years (median follow up 5.6 years, range 5 months to 22.5 years). Ten @entity0 have died of disease. At 2 years the local control rate was 86%, and colostomy-free survival was 83%. Relapse after 2 years was uncommon. @entity1 size was the main factor driving outcomes, especially survival. @entity0 with @entity1 (T > 4 cm) had a hazard ratio for survival of 5.7 (95% CI: 1.8-17). Fourteen (24%) @entity0 experienced treatment interruptions as a result of acute @entity3 , including one @entity4 from @entity7 . Seven (12%) @entity0 , in total, experienced one or more late toxicities, grade 3 or above, including four @entity0 (all postmenopausal) who developed a radiation-induced @entity2 . Most @entity0 with @entity1 can expect to retain a functional sphincter after chemoradiation/radiation. Further studies are in progress to determine the optimal chemoradiation protocol.

title: The bottom line: outcomes after conservation treatment in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is clinical evidence that very low and safe levels of amplitude-modulated electromagnetic fields administered via an intrabuccal spoon-shaped probe may elicit therapeutic responses in @entity1 with @entity2 . However, there is no known mechanism explaining the anti-proliferative effect of very low intensity electromagnetic fields. METHODS: To understand the mechanism of this novel approach, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) cells were exposed to 27.12 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic fields using in vitro exposure systems designed to replicate in vivo conditions. @entity2 cells were exposed to @entity2 -specific modulation frequencies, previously identified by biofeedback methods in @entity1 with a diagnosis of @entity2 . Control modulation frequencies consisted of randomly chosen modulation frequencies within the same 100 Hz-21 kHz range as @entity2 -specific frequencies. RESULTS: The growth of @entity3 and @entity0 cells was significantly decreased by @entity3 -specific and @entity0 -specific modulation frequencies, respectively. However, the same frequencies did not affect proliferation of nonmalignant hepatocytes or breast epithelial cells. Inhibition of @entity3 cell proliferation was associated with downregulation of @entity4 and @entity5 . Furthermore, @entity3 -specific modulation frequencies disrupted the mitotic spindle. CONCLUSION: These findings uncover a novel mechanism controlling the growth of @entity2 cells at specific modulation frequencies without affecting normal tissues, which may have broad implications in oncology.

title: XXXX cell proliferation is inhibited by specific modulation frequencies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are benign breast lesions that have been implicated as independent risk factors for @entity0 ( @entity0 ). METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of 9556 @entity1 who underwent biopsy between 1950-1986 and enrolled in the Nashville Breast Cohort was performed to investigate the association between @entity4 in a benign breast biopsy and the risk of @entity0 . The risk associated with @entity4 and coexistent @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was assessed adjusting for age at biopsy using a Cox hazards regression analysis with time-dependent covariates. RESULTS: @entity4 were identified in 880 @entity1 (9.2%). The average follow-up time was 20.4 years. Sixty-two @entity1 (7.0%) with @entity4 developed @entity0 compared with 5.5% of controls. The relative risk of @entity0 associated with @entity4 was 1.82 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.2-2.7) at 10 years. Restricting the analysis to @entity1 age > 49 years increased the risk to 2.14 (95% CI, 0.6-2.8). These risks decreased with increasing years of follow-up. Approximately 92% of @entity1 with @entity4 also had @entity2 , but @entity4 were present in only 1.3% of biopsies without @entity2 . Analyses stratifying relative risk with regard to @entity2 found @entity4 to minimally elevate the relative risk of subsequent @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 in the absence of @entity2 is uncommon. Although the presence of @entity4 in a benign breast biopsy mildly elevates the risk of @entity0 risk, the current analysis indicated that this risk can be largely attributed to the category of coexistent @entity2 . In @entity1 with both @entity4 and @entity3 , recommendations for interventions beyond biopsy should be based on the extent of @entity3 .

title: Interdependence of radial scar and proliferative disease with respect to XXXX risk in @entity1 with benign breast biopsies.

answer: @entity0