abstract: A radiation exposure of 1500 R to the Walker 256 @entity1 @entity0 was found to sensitize this @entity0 to the effect of a sublethal dose of endotoxin (Sarratia marcescens lipopolysaccharide) given 2 days later so that complete or almost complete destruction of the @entity0 resulted. Histological. study showed rapidly developing massive @entity2 of @entity0 tissue. Tracer experiments with 131I-labeled antibody to @entity1 fibrin indicated an absence of blood circulation in the treated @entity0 . These results suggest that the lesion may be secondary to @entity3 occurring in the vascular bed of the @entity0 . Apparently identical lesions were also produced by @entity4 and @entity5 , alone or in combination. It is known that even untreated @entity0 are often the site of fibrin deposition. Presumably radiation, by @entity0 cells, enhances the release of coagulation-producing substances into the vascular bed. It is postulated that the effect of subsequent treatment with the drugs listed above is produced by circulatory stasis induced in the @entity0 . This may be associated with Hageman factor activation or release of platelet factor 3.

title: Endotoxin, @entity4 , and XXXX effects on the radiation-sensitized walker 256 @entity1 carcinosarcoma.

answer: @entity5


abstract: A radiation exposure of 1500 R to the Walker 256 @entity1 @entity0 was found to sensitize this @entity0 to the effect of a sublethal dose of endotoxin (Sarratia marcescens lipopolysaccharide) given 2 days later so that complete or almost complete destruction of the @entity0 resulted. Histological. study showed rapidly developing massive @entity2 of @entity0 tissue. Tracer experiments with 131I-labeled antibody to @entity1 fibrin indicated an absence of blood circulation in the treated @entity0 . These results suggest that the lesion may be secondary to @entity3 occurring in the vascular bed of the @entity0 . Apparently identical lesions were also produced by @entity4 and @entity5 , alone or in combination. It is known that even untreated @entity0 are often the site of fibrin deposition. Presumably radiation, by @entity0 cells, enhances the release of coagulation-producing substances into the vascular bed. It is postulated that the effect of subsequent treatment with the drugs listed above is produced by circulatory stasis induced in the @entity0 . This may be associated with Hageman factor activation or release of platelet factor 3.

title: Endotoxin, @entity4 , and @entity5 effects on the radiation-sensitized walker 256 XXXX carcinosarcoma.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dermoscopy is a useful tool for dermatologists to study @entity2 . Its possible usefulness in the assessment of capillary nailfold morphological changes (capillaroscopy) has recently been advocated. OBJECTIVES: To assess the practical utility of digital epiluminescence microscopy as a capillaroscopic instrument in @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). To compare the sensitivity and specificity rates obtained by epiluminescence microscopy with those previously reported with conventional capillaroscopic devices. METHODS: Fifty-six consecutive @entity0 with primary @entity8 ( @entity9 ; n = 5) or secondary @entity8 (SRP; n = 51) (11 @entity0 and 45 @entity0 in total) were included in the study. A control group of 10 healthy subjects was also evaluated. Twenty-six @entity0 (46%) had @entity5 ( @entity5 ), 12 (21%) presystemic @entity7 (pre- @entity5 ), one (2%) @entity5 , one (2%) mixed connective tissue disease, two (4%) Sj  gren syndrome, two (4%) an @entity10 , one (2%) @entity3 and six (11%) other connective tissue diseases. Capillary nailfold changes were studied using a nonportable digital epiluminescence device (magnification x 30). Following a systematized protocol, capillary nailfold morphology, density and distribution were evaluated. Several capillaroscopic patterns were identified (normal, sclerodermic, nonspecific, nondiagnostic) as previously defined. A possible relationship between capillary nailfold changes and the intensity of @entity8 or the presence of associated @entity6 was assessed. RESULTS: The sclerodermic pattern showed a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 90.9% in @entity5 . A typical capillaroscopic @entity5 pattern was observed in 73% of cases of limited @entity5 and in 82% of cases of diffuse @entity5 . @entity0 with Sj  gren syndrome and @entity5 showed a nonspecific capillaroscopic pattern. All @entity0 with @entity9 presented a normal capillaroscopic pattern. A normal capillaroscopic pattern was also observed in 11 of 12 @entity0 with pre- @entity5 . In one of two @entity0 presenting severe @entity11 and in all @entity0 showing hand @entity1 (three of 56), capillaroscopic changes could not be evaluated. Avascular areas correlated significantly with severe @entity8 (P < 0.002), bone resorption (P < 0.007) and diffuse @entity5 (P < 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 seems to be a useful and reliable technique in the evaluation of capillary nailfold morphological changes. This technical variation allows the identification of specific capillaroscopic patterns associated with connective tissue diseases. It also permits us to differentiate @entity9 from SRP. The results obtained with this technique are similar to those previously reported using standard capillaroscopy devices.

title: Assessment of nailfold capillaroscopy by x 30 digital epiluminescence (dermoscopy) in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dermoscopy is a useful tool for dermatologists to study @entity2 . Its possible usefulness in the assessment of capillary nailfold morphological changes (capillaroscopy) has recently been advocated. OBJECTIVES: To assess the practical utility of digital epiluminescence microscopy as a capillaroscopic instrument in @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ). To compare the sensitivity and specificity rates obtained by epiluminescence microscopy with those previously reported with conventional capillaroscopic devices. METHODS: Fifty-six consecutive @entity0 with primary @entity8 ( @entity9 ; n = 5) or secondary @entity8 (SRP; n = 51) (11 @entity0 and 45 @entity0 in total) were included in the study. A control group of 10 healthy subjects was also evaluated. Twenty-six @entity0 (46%) had @entity5 ( @entity5 ), 12 (21%) presystemic @entity7 (pre- @entity5 ), one (2%) @entity5 , one (2%) mixed connective tissue disease, two (4%) Sj  gren syndrome, two (4%) an @entity10 , one (2%) @entity3 and six (11%) other connective tissue diseases. Capillary nailfold changes were studied using a nonportable digital epiluminescence device (magnification x 30). Following a systematized protocol, capillary nailfold morphology, density and distribution were evaluated. Several capillaroscopic patterns were identified (normal, sclerodermic, nonspecific, nondiagnostic) as previously defined. A possible relationship between capillary nailfold changes and the intensity of @entity8 or the presence of associated @entity6 was assessed. RESULTS: The sclerodermic pattern showed a sensitivity of 76.9% and a specificity of 90.9% in @entity5 . A typical capillaroscopic @entity5 pattern was observed in 73% of cases of limited @entity5 and in 82% of cases of diffuse @entity5 . @entity0 with Sj  gren syndrome and @entity5 showed a nonspecific capillaroscopic pattern. All @entity0 with @entity9 presented a normal capillaroscopic pattern. A normal capillaroscopic pattern was also observed in 11 of 12 @entity0 with pre- @entity5 . In one of two @entity0 presenting severe @entity11 and in all @entity0 showing hand @entity1 (three of 56), capillaroscopic changes could not be evaluated. Avascular areas correlated significantly with severe @entity8 (P < 0.002), bone resorption (P < 0.007) and diffuse @entity5 (P < 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 seems to be a useful and reliable technique in the evaluation of capillary nailfold morphological changes. This technical variation allows the identification of specific capillaroscopic patterns associated with connective tissue diseases. It also permits us to differentiate @entity9 from SRP. The results obtained with this technique are similar to those previously reported using standard capillaroscopy devices.

title: Assessment of nailfold capillaroscopy by x 30 digital epiluminescence (dermoscopy) in XXXX with @entity8 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The authors herein show their own experience in the treatment of @entity1 . Aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and the safety of the "early" laparoscopic approach to the mild to moderate @entity1 . The authors studied sixty cases of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with intraoperative colangiography for @entity1 (M/F 1:1.2; mean age 59.6 yrs, range 29.79). The @entity0 were divided in two groups on the basis of the severity of the @entity2 , defined through Ranson's score and Balthazar classification. The mortality rate was nil. Intraoperative morbidity rate was 6.6% in the group I (3/45), and 13.3% in the group II (2/15). Postoperative morbidity rate was 6.7% (3/45) in the group I and 40% in the group II (6/15). The authors show an original diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for the treatment of @entity1 . Early laparoscopic cholecystectomy with I.O.C. is proposed as the gold standard treatment for mild to moderate @entity1 . This approach appears to be effective and safe in their experience. In case of severe @entity1 , further investigations are mandatory to evaluate the role of laparoscopic approach.

title: [Acute XXXX . Role of laparoscopy after 30 years of traditional surgery experience].

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: We report the indications, technique and outcome of a large series of @entity0 who underwent bladder neck transection for intractable @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed demographics, operative details, complications and outcomes of 76 @entity0 (47 males, 29 females) who underwent bladder neck closure at our institution between 1996 and 2006. Mean @entity0 age at the time of the procedure was 12 years, 10 months. The most common diagnosis was @entity2 . Of the @entity0 31 had undergone prior bladder neck reconstruction (30) or sling repair (1). All @entity0 underwent concomitant augmentation and creation of a catheterizable stoma. RESULTS: A total of 50 @entity0 had more than 12 months of followup (mean 44, range 12 to 128). Continence was achieved initially in 86% of the @entity0 (43 of 50). Of the 7 primary failures 2 leaked via the urethra and 5 via the stoma. Six of these @entity0 achieved dryness with revision, for a final continence rate of 98%. A single renal unit suffered significant loss of function during this period. New, nonobstructive @entity3 developed in 8 additional renal units. Stones developed in 30% of the @entity0 . There were no spontaneous @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Bladder neck transection in combination with enterocystoplasty and creation of a continent catheterizable stoma is an effective approach to incontinent cases with severely damaged bladder outlets and poor quality bladders in which other reconstructive approaches either have failed or are deemed likely to fail. Specific concerns regarding the risk of poor renal outcomes and perforation seem unwarranted at present.

title: Bladder neck transection for intractable pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two kinds of @entity3 with and without the presence of @entity2 (flexible @entity3 and conventional @entity3 ) were prepared, using @entity1 as model drug. When applied onto the excised abdominal skin of @entity0 non-occlusively, the enhancing effects of @entity3 on the penetration of @entity1 were assessed by an in vitro permeation technique. The effect of @entity2 micelles was also studied. In vivo study was carried out by topical application of @entity3 onto the @entity0 skin and drug serum concentration was detected. Results showed that after 8 h of administration, flexible @entity3 transported 1.16 microg of @entity1 through per cm(2) @entity0 skin and amounted to 1.88 microg 24 h later. The residual amount in the skin was 1.78+/-0.51 microg/cm(2). However, flexible @entity3 failed to transport measurable amount of drug through pre-hydrated skin while deposited 2.39+/-0.26 microg/cm(2) into the skin. Conventional @entity3 failed to transfer @entity1 into the receiver while accumulated 0. 72+/-0.19 microg/cm(2) of drug in the skin. Furthermore, 1 and 40% @entity2 micelles precluded the transport of @entity1 . In vivo studies indicated that with the application of flexible @entity3 , serum drug concentration of 53.43+/-9.24 ng/ml was detected 2 h later. After the stratum corneum of @entity0 skin has been destroyed by shaving, flexible @entity3 transferred large amount of drug into blood, up to 187.32+/-53.21 ng/ml after 1 h of application. Conventional @entity3 failed to deliver measurable amount of drug into the blood under normal skin condition. In conclusion, flexible @entity3 is better than conventional @entity3 as the carrier for transdermal delivery of @entity1 . Penetration and fusion have been suggested to be two major functional mechanisms. Hydration is detrimental to the enhancement effect. Stratum corneum constitutes main barrier to the transport of lipophilic @entity1 .

title: Lecithin vesicular carriers for transdermal delivery of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Seventy-five @entity0 older than 60 years of age underwent surgical resection of @entity3 during a 10-year period at a single institution. All @entity0 had a computed tomographic scan preoperatively, and all were followed for at least 3 months postoperatively. There were 50 @entity0 61 to 70 years of age (Group A), and 25 @entity0 older than 70 years (Group B). Sixteen @entity0 (21%) were asymptomatic, and no @entity0 was severely disabled preoperatively. Operative morbidity and mortality and outcome at 3 months were assessed and correlated with age, preoperative @entity2 , and @entity1 size and location. Operative mortality was 6.6% (6% in Group A; 8% in Group B). Perioperative morbidity (including medical and surgical complications and worsening in @entity2 ) was 48% (46% in Group A; 52% in Group B). Neurological status 3 months after surgery was improved by at least one grade as compared to before surgery in 40% of @entity0 (38% in Group A; 44% in Group B), unchanged in 29% (34% in Group A; 20% in Group B), and worsened in 31% (28% in Group A; 36% in Group B). While nearly half of the @entity0 were asymptomatic 3 months after surgery, 11 @entity0 (15%) had died or remained seriously disabled. Outcome at 3 months correlated significantly with low neurological grade preoperatively and with a @entity1 location over the cortical convexity. There was no significant correlation with age or @entity1 size. We conclude that resection of @entity3 is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the elderly.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in the aged: surgical outcome in the era of computed tomography.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Spontaneous spinal CSF leaks are best known as a cause of @entity2 , but may also be the cause of @entity7 . The authors encountered a unique case of a spontaneous spinal CSF leak causing @entity7 2 days after craniotomy for clipping of an unruptured @entity5 . This 44-year-old @entity0 with @entity1 underwent an uneventful craniotomy for an @entity4 . No intraoperative spinal CSF drainage was used. Two days after surgery the @entity0 became @entity7 with a left @entity9 . Computed tomography scanning revealed a right extraceberal @entity8 and loss of gray-white matter differentiation. The @entity8 was evacuated and a diagnosis of hemodialysis disequilibrium syndrome was made. Continuous hemodialysis and hyperosmolar therapy were instituted without any improvement. The CT scans were then reinterpreted as showing sagging of the brain, and the @entity0 was placed in the Trendelenburg position which resulted in prompt improvement in her level of consciousness. A CT myelogram demonstrated an upper thoracic CSF leak that eventually required surgical correction. The @entity0 made a complete neurological recovery. @entity3 after craniotomy may be caused by brain sagging caused by a spontaneous spinal CSF leak, similar to @entity6 due to intraoperative lumbar CSF drainage.

title: Spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak as a cause of XXXX after craniotomy for clipping of an unruptured @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Spontaneous spinal CSF leaks are best known as a cause of @entity2 , but may also be the cause of @entity7 . The authors encountered a unique case of a spontaneous spinal CSF leak causing @entity7 2 days after craniotomy for clipping of an unruptured @entity5 . This 44-year-old @entity0 with @entity1 underwent an uneventful craniotomy for an @entity4 . No intraoperative spinal CSF drainage was used. Two days after surgery the @entity0 became @entity7 with a left @entity9 . Computed tomography scanning revealed a right extraceberal @entity8 and loss of gray-white matter differentiation. The @entity8 was evacuated and a diagnosis of hemodialysis disequilibrium syndrome was made. Continuous hemodialysis and hyperosmolar therapy were instituted without any improvement. The CT scans were then reinterpreted as showing sagging of the brain, and the @entity0 was placed in the Trendelenburg position which resulted in prompt improvement in her level of consciousness. A CT myelogram demonstrated an upper thoracic CSF leak that eventually required surgical correction. The @entity0 made a complete neurological recovery. @entity3 after craniotomy may be caused by brain sagging caused by a spontaneous spinal CSF leak, similar to @entity6 due to intraoperative lumbar CSF drainage.

title: Spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak as a cause of @entity7 after craniotomy for clipping of an unruptured XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Spontaneous and evoked field potentials and cellular discharges were studied in the subcortically denervated hippocampus of the freely moving @entity0 . The fimbria fornix, the ventral hippocampal commissure, and the supracallosal afferent fibers were removed by aspiration, and recordings were made 3-5 months after the lesion. Two types of spontaneous interictal spikes were observed. Type 1 interictal spike had identical depth distribution to physiological sharp waves but they were shorter in duration (less than 40 ms), larger in amplitude (greater than 2.5 mV) and population spikes were riding on the main deflection. Type 2 interictal spikes were negative in the stratum oriens and positive in the pyramidal layer and stratum radiatum of both @entity4 and @entity6 . The amplitude of both types of interictal spikes could exceed 6 mV. We suggest that interictal spikes were initiated randomly in different subpopulations of the @entity5 -3 region and the location of the initiating population burst determined the polarity and amplitude of the extracellular interictal spike. Repetitive stimulation of the perforant path (5 Hz, 6 s) evoked markedly uniform afterdischarges in both intact and fimbria fornix-deprived @entity0 . The threshold of afterdischarges was significantly lower, the @entity3 spread to the contralateral hippocampus was slower, and secondary afterdischarges lasted significantly longer in the lesioned @entity0 . We suggest that under physiological conditions the electrical stability of the hippocampus is ensured by the feed-forward inhibitory action of subcortical afferents. Removal of tonic inhibitory influences and/or sprouting of local axon collaterals allows extreme synchronization and reverberation of information in the @entity1 . The presence of interictal spikes and increased susceptibility to @entity3 for several months after the lesion offers the fimbria-fornix-deprived hippocampus a useful chronic preparation to study the mechanisms of @entity2 .

title: Neuronal activity in the subcortically denervated hippocampus: a chronic model for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To measure the prevalence of somatisation (multiple somatic symptoms and @entity4 ) among Australian general practice attendees, its recognition by general practitioners, and its relationship with symptoms of @entity3 and @entity2 . DESIGN, SETTING AND @entity0 : Self-reported questionnaires completed by 10 507 consecutive @entity0 aged > or =18 years attending 340 GPs enrolled in a 6-hour national mental health program of continuing professional development who accepted invitations to participate; audit form completed by GPs for each @entity0 during the period March 2004 to December 2006. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Somatic symptom severity (measured with the 15-item @entity0 Health Questionnaire [PHQ-15]); @entity4 (measured with the Whiteley Index [Whiteley-7]; @entity3 and @entity2 (measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress scale [K10]); prevalence of "somatisers" (defined by medium to severe somatic symptom severity and @entity4 ); GP recognition of somatisation (determined by their responses on audit forms to questions on whether @entity0 's complaints were most likely to have a physical or psychological explanation). RESULTS: 18.5% of @entity0 were classified as somatisers and 9.5% as probable cases of @entity3 or @entity2 . While 29.6% of somatisers had high @entity2 or @entity3 scores, 57.9% of @entity0 with @entity2 or @entity3 were also somatisers. Sex and age asserted significant but weak effects on psychometric scores. GPs identified somatic complaints as "mostly explained by a @entity1 " in 25.1% of somatisers. CONCLUSIONS: Somatisation is common in general practice, and more prevalent than @entity3 or @entity2 . While a minority of somatisers have significant @entity2 and @entity3 , most @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 have a significant degree of somatisation. Recognition of @entity3 and @entity2 can be hindered by a somatic presentation and attribution. On the other hand, managing somatisation does not just involve recognising @entity3 and @entity2 , but also dealing with the health anxieties that underpin @entity4 .

title: Somatic symptoms, XXXX and psychological distress: a study of somatisation in Australian general practice.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study a community outbreak of @entity1 in a marginal population and the public health response in order to bring it under control. DESIGN: Descriptive study of the outbreak that occurred in February-June, 2004. An epidemiological survey was conducted to detect prior cases and active vigilance was set up. Case and susceptibility definitions were established. SETTING: A gypsy population in Madrid, Spain. They had basic provision of sewerage, water supply and waste disposal. @entity0 : A population of 550 in census; estimated population, 800. 70% were under 40 and 55% were illiterate. INTERVENTIONS: Control measures were: a) health education activities to strengthen habits of hygiene, and b) immunisation of susceptible individuals. A total of 646 @entity0 were vaccinated, with the active help of staff from the Institute of Rehousing and Integration into Society. RESULTS: The outbreak affected 26 @entity0 , with an average age of 8 (95% CI, 6.2-9.8), similar distribution by sex and 3.3% attack rate. Fourteen cases were students at state schools, not all in the same classes. There were 7 pairs of siblings among the cases. The diagnosis was conformed by serology in 17 cases. Five needed hospital admission. CONCLUSIONS: The epidemic curve suggested @entity0 - @entity0 transmission. All those affected were under 20 years old. Vaccination was seen to be effective in controlling the outbreak. Interventions were assisted by intermediaries in order to respect the gypsies' cultural context and were well accepted.

title: [Community outbreak of XXXX in a marginal population. Vaccination for its control and acceptance of the measure].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 is the first available oral direct @entity4 inhibitor anticoagulant. Absorption of the prodrug, @entity8 and its conversion to @entity6 is rapid (peak plasma concentrations are reached 4-6 hours following surgery, and a further 2 hours later). Its oral bioavailability is low, but shows reduced interindividual variability. @entity6 specifically and reversibly inhibits @entity4 , the key enzyme in the coagulation cascade. Studies both in healthy volunteers and in @entity0 undergoing major orthopaedic surgery show a predictable pk/pd profile that allows for fixed-dose regimens. The anticoagulant effect correlates adequately with the plasma concentrations of the drug, demonstrating effective anticoagulation combined with a low risk of @entity3 . @entity6 is mainly eliminated by @entity1 (a fact which affects the dosage in elderly and in moderate-severe @entity2 @entity0 ), and no hepatic metabolism by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes has been observed, showing a good interaction profile. @entity5 will probably be the first available oral @entity7 ( @entity7 ) direct inhibitor anticoagulant drug. It produces a reversible and predictable inhibition of @entity7 activity with potential to inhibit clot-bound @entity7 . Its pharmacokinetic characteristics include rapid absorption, high oral availability, high plasma protein binding and a half-life of aprox. 8 hours. Rivaroxaban elimination is mainly renal, but also through faecal matter and by hepatic metabolism. Although the drug has demonstrated moderate potential to interact with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, it does not inhibit or induce any major CYP450 enzyme.

title: [Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the new oral anticoagulants @entity6 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity6 is the first available oral direct @entity4 inhibitor anticoagulant. Absorption of the prodrug, @entity8 and its conversion to @entity6 is rapid (peak plasma concentrations are reached 4-6 hours following surgery, and a further 2 hours later). Its oral bioavailability is low, but shows reduced interindividual variability. @entity6 specifically and reversibly inhibits @entity4 , the key enzyme in the coagulation cascade. Studies both in healthy volunteers and in @entity0 undergoing major orthopaedic surgery show a predictable pk/pd profile that allows for fixed-dose regimens. The anticoagulant effect correlates adequately with the plasma concentrations of the drug, demonstrating effective anticoagulation combined with a low risk of @entity3 . @entity6 is mainly eliminated by @entity1 (a fact which affects the dosage in elderly and in moderate-severe @entity2 @entity0 ), and no hepatic metabolism by cytochrome P450 isoenzymes has been observed, showing a good interaction profile. @entity5 will probably be the first available oral @entity7 ( @entity7 ) direct inhibitor anticoagulant drug. It produces a reversible and predictable inhibition of @entity7 activity with potential to inhibit clot-bound @entity7 . Its pharmacokinetic characteristics include rapid absorption, high oral availability, high plasma protein binding and a half-life of aprox. 8 hours. Rivaroxaban elimination is mainly renal, but also through faecal matter and by hepatic metabolism. Although the drug has demonstrated moderate potential to interact with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, it does not inhibit or induce any major CYP450 enzyme.

title: [Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the new oral anticoagulants XXXX and @entity5 ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 who suffer @entity1 ( @entity1 ) at birth are at increased risk of @entity3 . In this at-risk population, reliable, inexpensive and early identification of those @entity0 who are likely to require formal developmental assessment and intervention is needed. AIM: To evaluate the ability of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) to detect developmentally delayed @entity0 in an Australian population of @entity0 who suffered @entity1 at birth. METHODS: Fifty-five @entity0 who survived @entity1 were followed until 12-14 months of age. Test characteristics were calculated to examine the ability of the ASQ to appropriately identify developmentally delayed @entity0 against this study's 'gold standard': the Bayley Scales of @entity0 Development II. RESULTS: Comparing the ASQ with the Bayley Scales of @entity0 Development II, the questionnaire had the following test characteristics: sensitivity 92%, specificity 95%, positive predictive value 92%, negative predictive value 95% when used to detect severe @entity2 ; and sensitivity 67%, specificity 93%, positive predictive value 92%, negative predictive value 68% when used to detect both severe and mild @entity2 . However, the ASQ used at standard cut-offs failed to detect any of the @entity0 with mild delay. CONCLUSIONS: The ASQ is extremely effective for the detection of severe @entity2 in @entity0 who have suffered @entity1 at birth. Its capacity to identify those with milder delay is limited. The ability of the test to detect only those with severe @entity2 means that the ASQ is of little value as a screening tool in this population.

title: Use of the Ages and Stages Questionnaire to predict outcome after XXXX in the neonate.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The clinicopathologic features and the results of diagnostic studies were reviewed in five @entity0 with primary @entity6 . The major clinical complaints were @entity4 and proptosis; visual function was typically well maintained. In three cases, computed tomographic (CT) scans @entity2 with a central fat density rimmed by a variably radiodense pseudocapsule, leading to the erroneous clinical impression that the lesions were cystic in character. Ultrasonography ruled out a truly @entity1 by demonstrating internal acoustic interfaces. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in one case showed hyperintense signals in T-1-weighted images, suggesting the presence of fat within the lesional tissue. In the other two cases, CT scans showed reticulated densities accentuating the septa of the orbital fat in the absence of clear-cut circumscription. A potentially useful feature pointing to a @entity1 was bowing of an involved extraocular muscle, which is usually straightened and splinted in either @entity7 or @entity8 . Histopathologically, two lesions were well-differentiated @entity5 and three were @entity3 , all featuring univacuolar signet ring lipoblasts. Scattered bizarre hyperchromatic mesenchymal cells without prominent lipidization were present in the lesions. None of the @entity0 has experienced regional or distant metastases with follow-ups from onset of 1 to 7 years (mean, 5.2 years); three required orbital exenteration after local recurrence; and two who refused exenteration received only orbital radiotherapy.

title: XXXX of the orbit. Problems in the diagnosis and management of five cases.

answer: @entity5


abstract: There are three main mechanisms of neuronal cell death which may act separately or cooperatively to cause @entity0 . This lethal triplet of metabolic compromise, excitotoxicity, and oxidative stress causes neuronal cell death that is both necrotic and apoptotic in nature. Aspects of each of these three mechanisms are believed to play a role in the @entity0 that occurs in both @entity1 . Strategies to rescue or protect injured neurons usually involve promoting neuronal growth and function or interfering with @entity2 processes. Considerable research has been done on testing a large array of neuroprotective agents using animal models which mimic these disorders. Some of these approaches have progressed to the clinical arena. Here, we review neuroprotective strategies which have been found to successfully ameliorate the @entity0 associated with @entity1 . First, we will give an overview of the mechanisms of cell death and the background of @entity1 . Then we will elaborate on a range of neuroprotective strategies, including neurotrophic factors, anti-excitotoxins, antioxidants, bioenergetic supplements, anti-apoptotics, immunosuppressants, and cell transplantation techniques. Most of these approaches hold promise as potential therapies in the treatment of these disorders.

title: Neuroprotective strategies for basal ganglia degeneration: XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We applied K-means cluster analysis to test the hypothesis that muscle-specific factors known to modulate protein synthesis and satellite cell activity would be differentially expressed during progressive resistance training (PRT, 16 wk) in 66 @entity0 subjects experiencing extreme, modest, and failed myofiber @entity2 . Muscle mRNA expression of IGF-I isoform Ea (IGF-IEa), mechanogrowth factor ( @entity1 , IGF-IEc), myogenin, and @entity3 were assessed in muscle biopsies collected at baseline (T1) and 24 h after the first (T2) and last (T3) loading bouts from previously untrained subjects clustered as extreme responders (Xtr, n=17), modest responders (Mod, n=32), and nonresponders (Non, n=17) based on mean myofiber @entity2 . Myofiber growth averaged 2,475 microm2 in Xtr, 1,111 microm2 in Mod, and -16 microm2 in Non. Main training effects revealed increases in all transcripts (46-83%, P<0.005). For the entire cohort, IGF-IEa, @entity1 , and myogenin mRNAs were upregulated by T2 (P<0.05), while @entity3 did not increase significantly until T3 (P<0.001). Within clusters, @entity1 and myogenin upregulation was robust in Xtr (126% and 65%) and Mod (73% and 41%) vs. no changes in Non. While significant in all clusters by T3, IGF-IEa increased most in Xtr (105%) and least in Non (44%). Although @entity3 expression increased overall, no changes within clusters were detected. We reveal for the first time that @entity1 and myogenin transcripts are differentially expressed in subjects experiencing varying degrees of PRT-mediated myofiber @entity2 . The data strongly suggest the load-mediated induction of these genes may initiate important actions necessary to promote myofiber growth during PRT, while the role of @entity3 is less clear.

title: Cluster analysis tests the importance of myogenic gene expression during myofiber XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We applied K-means cluster analysis to test the hypothesis that muscle-specific factors known to modulate protein synthesis and satellite cell activity would be differentially expressed during progressive resistance training (PRT, 16 wk) in 66 @entity0 subjects experiencing extreme, modest, and failed myofiber @entity2 . Muscle mRNA expression of IGF-I isoform Ea (IGF-IEa), mechanogrowth factor ( @entity1 , IGF-IEc), myogenin, and @entity3 were assessed in muscle biopsies collected at baseline (T1) and 24 h after the first (T2) and last (T3) loading bouts from previously untrained subjects clustered as extreme responders (Xtr, n=17), modest responders (Mod, n=32), and nonresponders (Non, n=17) based on mean myofiber @entity2 . Myofiber growth averaged 2,475 microm2 in Xtr, 1,111 microm2 in Mod, and -16 microm2 in Non. Main training effects revealed increases in all transcripts (46-83%, P<0.005). For the entire cohort, IGF-IEa, @entity1 , and myogenin mRNAs were upregulated by T2 (P<0.05), while @entity3 did not increase significantly until T3 (P<0.001). Within clusters, @entity1 and myogenin upregulation was robust in Xtr (126% and 65%) and Mod (73% and 41%) vs. no changes in Non. While significant in all clusters by T3, IGF-IEa increased most in Xtr (105%) and least in Non (44%). Although @entity3 expression increased overall, no changes within clusters were detected. We reveal for the first time that @entity1 and myogenin transcripts are differentially expressed in subjects experiencing varying degrees of PRT-mediated myofiber @entity2 . The data strongly suggest the load-mediated induction of these genes may initiate important actions necessary to promote myofiber growth during PRT, while the role of @entity3 is less clear.

title: Cluster analysis tests the importance of myogenic gene expression during myofiber @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 is a common @entity2 , variably affecting structures derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches. Correction of the @entity1 in @entity0 has been advocated to improve growth potential and reduce @entity1 . However, contrary reports have suggested that @entity4 does not increase with growth; therefore, skeletal correction can be postponed, even until adolescence. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that @entity4 is progressive. This is a retrospective evaluation of 67 @entity0 with untreated @entity3 . The @entity0 were categorized as: group I (mandible type I, IIa), n = 38, and group II (mandible type IIb, III), n = 29. Pretreatment posterior-anterior cephalometric radiographs were used to analyze asymmetry by measuring the angle between the true horizontal and the following planes: piriform rim, maxillary occlusal plane, and intergonial angle. Angular measurements were averaged for @entity0 in the deciduous (<6 years), mixed (> or =6<13 years), and permanent dentition (> or =13 years). In group I, angle piriform rim, maxillary occlusal plane, and intergonial angle increased from 7.0, 4.3, and 4.4 to 8.4, 6.6, and 6.1 degrees, respectively [mean age, 4.1 (deciduous) to 8.6 (mixed) to 21.0 (permanent) years]. In group II, angle piriform rim, maxillary occlusal plane, and intergonial angle increased from 9.5, 6.2, and 5.3 to 11.7, 7.6, and 8.0 degrees, respectively [mean age, 3.4 (deciduous) to 8.0 (mixed) years]. These data demonstrate that @entity3 is progressive and underscores the importance of early surgical correction of mandibular asymmetry in this disorder.

title: Progression of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Angiogenesis is an important part in @entity1 progression and intratumoral microvessel density (MVD) has proven a prognostic factor in several solid @entity1 . However, its value in @entity3 is still unclear, especially in small biopsy samples. We evaluated the prognostic potential of MVD in a large, homogeneous @entity3 and its correlation with other pathologic parameters. METHODS: We used a tissue microarray ( @entity5 ) containing samples of 3,261 prostatectomy specimens from @entity0 with @entity3 . MVD was determined by counting vessels in a blinded fashion after immunohistochemical staining with an antibody against @entity4 . The results were compared with pre- and postoperative clinical and pathological parameters and clinical follow-up data. RESULTS: MVD was higher in @entity5 spots containing @entity1 as compared to benign tissue (P < 0.001). There was no significant correlation of MVD with preoperative parameters, but with pathological T-classification and Gleason score (P < 0.001, each) of the prostatectomy specimens. Furthermore, a higher MVD correlated with @entity1 location in the peripheral zone (P = 0.01). Follow-up data were available for 1,521 @entity0 . In a univariable analysis, an MVD of >=  36 per spot was a significant predictor of PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy (P = 0.03). However, it failed to provide an independent prognostic factor when combined with standard predictors in a multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS: MVD in @entity3 is closely related to other factors contributing to @entity2 . However, the implementation of this parameter into routinely performed pathological reports does not seem to be warranted.

title: Prognostic value of microvessel density in XXXX : a tissue microarray study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: NORE1A ( @entity5 ) and RASSF1A are newly described Ras effectors with @entity0 suppressor functions. Both molecules are frequently inactivated in various @entity0 . In this study, we aimed to explore the potential involvement of NORE1A and RASSF1A in @entity3 and @entity2 tumorigenesis. A panel of 54 primary @entity0 was analysed for NORE1A and RASSF1A mRNA expression by TaqMan quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, NORE1A and RASSF1A promoter methylation was assessed by combined @entity4 restriction endonuclease assay and methylation-sensitive Pyrosequencing respectively. The anti-tumorigenic role of NORE1A was functionally investigated in Nore1A-transfected PC12 @entity1 @entity3 cells by fluorescent inhibition of caspase activity and soft agar assays. Significantly suppressed NORE1A and RASSF1A mRNA levels were detected in primary @entity0 compared with normal adrenal medulla (P<0.001). Methylation of the NORE1A promoter was not observed in primary @entity0 . On the other hand, 9% (5/54) of the primary @entity0 examined showed RASSF1A promoter methylation greater than 20% as detected by Pyrosequencing. Methylation of the RASSF1A promoter was significantly associated with malignant behaviour (P<0.05). Transient expression of Nore1a resulted in enhanced apoptosis and impaired colony formation in soft agar. Our study provides evidence that NORE1A and RASSF1A are frequently suppressed in @entity3 and @entity2 . Silencing of NORE1A contributes to the transformed phenotype in these @entity0 .

title: The Ras effectors NORE1A and RASSF1A are frequently inactivated in @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: NORE1A ( @entity5 ) and RASSF1A are newly described Ras effectors with @entity0 suppressor functions. Both molecules are frequently inactivated in various @entity0 . In this study, we aimed to explore the potential involvement of NORE1A and RASSF1A in @entity3 and @entity2 tumorigenesis. A panel of 54 primary @entity0 was analysed for NORE1A and RASSF1A mRNA expression by TaqMan quantitative RT-PCR. Furthermore, NORE1A and RASSF1A promoter methylation was assessed by combined @entity4 restriction endonuclease assay and methylation-sensitive Pyrosequencing respectively. The anti-tumorigenic role of NORE1A was functionally investigated in Nore1A-transfected PC12 @entity1 @entity3 cells by fluorescent inhibition of caspase activity and soft agar assays. Significantly suppressed NORE1A and RASSF1A mRNA levels were detected in primary @entity0 compared with normal adrenal medulla (P<0.001). Methylation of the NORE1A promoter was not observed in primary @entity0 . On the other hand, 9% (5/54) of the primary @entity0 examined showed RASSF1A promoter methylation greater than 20% as detected by Pyrosequencing. Methylation of the RASSF1A promoter was significantly associated with malignant behaviour (P<0.05). Transient expression of Nore1a resulted in enhanced apoptosis and impaired colony formation in soft agar. Our study provides evidence that NORE1A and RASSF1A are frequently suppressed in @entity3 and @entity2 . Silencing of NORE1A contributes to the transformed phenotype in these @entity0 .

title: The Ras effectors NORE1A and RASSF1A are frequently inactivated in XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity5 is a common chronic, relapsing, @entity4 with a predilection for the flexural areas and occurs in @entity0 with a personal or family history of atopy. The aim of this study is to describe the profile of @entity5 seen at the National Skin Centre in Singapore. A retrospective chart review was conducted of all the @entity0 with @entity5 seen during the first six months of 1994. There were 492 @entity0 whose ages ranged from one month to 74 years with an equal sex ratio. The prevalence was 2%. The onset of the disease occurred before the age of 10 years in 61.2% of @entity0 . In 13.6% of the @entity0 , the onset was after the age of 21 years. Two hundred and fifty-four @entity0 (52%) had "pure" @entity5 without concomitant @entity10 . Two hundred and thirty-eight @entity0 (48%) suffered from a "mixed" type, with 23% having @entity12 , 12% having @entity7 and 13% having both @entity7 and @entity12 . Two hundred and thirty-one @entity0 (47%) had at least one first-degree family member with atropy: @entity5 (17%), @entity7 (15%) and @entity12 (15%). Most of the @entity0 , 416 (84.5%), had subacute @entity6 at presentation. @entity16 was present in 38 @entity0 (8%) and @entity17 in 13 @entity0 (3%). The most common infective complication was @entity13 (impetiginized @entity6 , @entity18 , @entity14 ) present in 95 @entity0 (19%) followed by @entity11 ( @entity19 , viral warts and molluscum contagiosum) in 17 @entity0 (3%). @entity8 were noted in 43 @entity0 (9%) based on the history given. The most common was @entity1 ( @entity2 and @entity9 ) in 28 @entity0 followed by @entity15 in 11 @entity0 . Common aggravating factors reported include heat, sweating, stress, thick clothing and grass intolerance. Most @entity0 could be controlled with a fairly simple regimen of moisturizers, topical @entity3 and antibiotics for acute flares. Short courses of systemic @entity3 were used in 78 @entity0 (16%). Three @entity0 were treated with phototherapy, Two on UVAB and one on PUVA. The pattern of @entity5 in Singapore is similar to that reported in the Western literature except for a lower prevalence and a significant proportion of adult onset @entity5 .

title: The epidemiology of XXXX at a tertiary referral skin center in Singapore.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Most studies that have examined minimally invasive, encapsulated, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) have contained only a few metastatic @entity2 . We studied 34 @entity0 with a single, minimally invasive, metastatic @entity3 or HC and compared them with 38 @entity0 with similar, nonmetastatic FCs or @entity4 . The numbers of incomplete capsular penetration ( @entity2 into but not through the capsule), complete capsular penetration ( @entity2 through the capsule), and vascular invasion foci were quantified. The median number (three), range, and distribution of complete capsular penetration and vascular invasion foci were similar in the nonmetastatic and metastatic @entity3 . All of the metastatic FCs and @entity4 had at least one vascular invasion or complete capsular penetration focus. Sixty-two percent of the metastatic @entity3 had two to four complete capsular penetration foci, and 60% had two to four vascular invasion foci. Two metastatic @entity2 had incomplete capsular penetration but had one and two vascular invasion foci, respectively. One @entity2 had no vascular invasion but had four complete capsular penetration foci. No metastatic @entity2 had incomplete capsular penetration only. There were no differences in the number of vascular invasion or complete capsular penetration foci between metastatic and nonmetastatic FCs and @entity4 and between metastatic FCs and @entity4 . Most metastatic @entity2 had vascular space invasion and complete capsular penetration. The number of complete capsular penetration or vascular invasion foci was not associated with the initial site of @entity1 or the interval between the surgery and the @entity1 .

title: Metastatic minimally invasive (encapsulated) follicular and Hurthle cell thyroid carcinoma: a study of 34 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The morphogenesis of hepatocytes after @entity6 to recovery through liver cell regeneration has not been fully understood. Sequential biopsies were performed on the native liver of a 22-year-old @entity0 who underwent @entity4 transplantation 1 month after fulminant @entity3 . Auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation was successful, and the biopsy samples permitted us to examine the regenerating process of hepatocytes after massive @entity1 . At the time of @entity4 transplantation (postoperative day 0), 95% of hepatocytes were lost and a few ductules were found in the portal areas. The ductules stained with @entity5 . At postoperative day 7, the ductules began to increase in size and number and became dilated over a period of 1 month, when individual hepatocytes with clear cytoplasm appeared from the ductules. As the differentiation of hepatocytes increased, the expression of @entity5 was found to decrease. From 2 to 3 months, all of the ductules were transformed into hepatocytes, and they began to form round cell clusters. From 3 to 6 months, the round cell clusters became organized into trabecula with @entity2 . From 6 to 12 months, a lobular architecture was established, and by 14 months, the necrotic liver was fully recovered to normal. This study by examination of sequential biopsies demonstrates the progression of the regenerating process from total @entity3 to complete recovery.

title: Sequential observation of liver cell regeneration after @entity6 in XXXX transplantation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The morphogenesis of hepatocytes after @entity6 to recovery through liver cell regeneration has not been fully understood. Sequential biopsies were performed on the native liver of a 22-year-old @entity0 who underwent @entity4 transplantation 1 month after fulminant @entity3 . Auxiliary partial orthotopic liver transplantation was successful, and the biopsy samples permitted us to examine the regenerating process of hepatocytes after massive @entity1 . At the time of @entity4 transplantation (postoperative day 0), 95% of hepatocytes were lost and a few ductules were found in the portal areas. The ductules stained with @entity5 . At postoperative day 7, the ductules began to increase in size and number and became dilated over a period of 1 month, when individual hepatocytes with clear cytoplasm appeared from the ductules. As the differentiation of hepatocytes increased, the expression of @entity5 was found to decrease. From 2 to 3 months, all of the ductules were transformed into hepatocytes, and they began to form round cell clusters. From 3 to 6 months, the round cell clusters became organized into trabecula with @entity2 . From 6 to 12 months, a lobular architecture was established, and by 14 months, the necrotic liver was fully recovered to normal. This study by examination of sequential biopsies demonstrates the progression of the regenerating process from total @entity3 to complete recovery.

title: Sequential observation of liver cell regeneration after XXXX in @entity4 transplantation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Since 1995, the European Association of Pathologists and the Society for Hematopathology have been developing a new World Health Organization (WHO) classification of @entity3 . The classification includes lymphoid, myeloid, histiocytic, and mast cell @entity1 . The WHO project involves 10 committees of pathologists, who have developed lists and definitions of disease entities. A Clinical Advisory Committee of international hematologists and oncologists was formed to ensure that the classification will be useful to clinicians. A meeting was held in November 1997 to discuss clinical issues related to the classification. The WHO has adopted the Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms, published in 1994 by the International @entity2 Study Group, as the classification of @entity2 . This approach to classification is based on the principle that a classification is a list of "real" disease entities, which are defined by a combination of morphology, immunophenotype, genetic features, and clinical features. The relative importance of each of these features varies among diseases, and there is no one "gold standard." The WHO classification has applied the principles of the Revised European-American Classification of Lymphoid Neoplasms to myeloid and histiocytic @entity1 . The classification of myeloid @entity1 recognizes distinct entities defined by a combination of morphology and cytogenetic abnormalities. The Clinical Advisory Committee meeting, which was organized around a series of clinical questions, was able to reach a consensus on most of the questions posed. The questions and the consensus are discussed in detail in this article. Among other things, the Clinical Advisory Committee concluded that clinical grouping of @entity2 was neither necessary nor desirable. @entity0 treatment is determined by the specific @entity2 , with the addition of grade within the @entity1 type, if applicable, and clinical prognostic factors such as the international prognostic index. The experience of developing the WHO classification has produced a new and exciting degree of cooperation and communication between oncologists and pathologists from around the world. This should facilitate progress in the understanding and treatment of @entity3 .

title: The World Health Organization classification of XXXX report of the Clinical Advisory Committee Meeting, Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is relatively resistant to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Response and survival of treatment with @entity4 -alpha ( @entity3 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were evaluated in @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty-one @entity0 with confirmed @entity2 were included in this study. Fifteen of 31 @entity0 received injection of @entity3 and @entity1 three times a week. @entity1 was infused subcutaneously by microinfusion pump. Sixteen received @entity3 alone more than three times a week. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 20.0% in the @entity3 and @entity1 group, and 12.5% in the @entity3 alone group. Long lasting stabilization of the disease (more than; 12 months) was seen in 92.3% of CR, PR or SD in the @entity3 and @entity1 group, as compared with 71.4% in the @entity3 alone group. Both groups differed significantly in survival rate from the first treatment with IFN (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A long lasting stabilization of the disease can be expected in @entity0 who were treated with our regimen of @entity3 and @entity1 .

title: Subcutaneous administration of interferon alpha and gamma in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is relatively resistant to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Response and survival of treatment with @entity4 -alpha ( @entity3 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were evaluated in @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty-one @entity0 with confirmed @entity2 were included in this study. Fifteen of 31 @entity0 received injection of @entity3 and @entity1 three times a week. @entity1 was infused subcutaneously by microinfusion pump. Sixteen received @entity3 alone more than three times a week. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 20.0% in the @entity3 and @entity1 group, and 12.5% in the @entity3 alone group. Long lasting stabilization of the disease (more than; 12 months) was seen in 92.3% of CR, PR or SD in the @entity3 and @entity1 group, as compared with 71.4% in the @entity3 alone group. Both groups differed significantly in survival rate from the first treatment with IFN (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A long lasting stabilization of the disease can be expected in @entity0 who were treated with our regimen of @entity3 and @entity1 .

title: Subcutaneous administration of interferon alpha and gamma in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological and clinical evidence suggests that an increased intake of long-chain n-3 @entity7 protects against mortality from @entity2 . We aimed to test the hypothesis that long-term use of @entity9 ( @entity10 ) is effective for prevention of major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic @entity0 in Japan who consume a large amount of fish. METHODS: 18 645 @entity0 with a total @entity1 of 6.5 mmol/L or greater were recruited from local physicians throughout Japan between 1996 and 1999. @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive either 1800 mg of @entity10 daily with @entity8 ( @entity10 group; n=9326) or statin only (controls; n=9319) with a 5-year follow-up. The primary endpoint was any major coronary event, including @entity5 , fatal and non-fatal @entity3 , and other non-fatal events including unstable @entity4 , angioplasty, stenting, or coronary artery bypass grafting. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00231738. FINDINGS: At mean follow-up of 4.6 years, we detected the primary endpoint in 262 (2.8%) @entity0 in the @entity10 group and 324 (3.5%) in controls-a 19% relative reduction in major coronary events (p=0.011). Post-treatment LDL @entity1 concentrations decreased 25%, from 4.7 mmol/L in both groups. Serum LDL @entity1 was not a significant factor in a reduction of risk for major coronary events. @entity6 and non-fatal coronary events were also significantly reduced in the @entity10 group. @entity5 and coronary death did not differ between groups. In @entity0 with a history of @entity2 who were given @entity10 treatment, major coronary events were reduced by 19% (secondary prevention subgroup: 158 [8.7%] in the @entity10 group vs 197 [10.7%] in the control group; p=0.048). In @entity0 with no history of @entity2 , @entity10 treatment reduced major coronary events by 18%, but this finding was not significant (104 [1.4%] in the @entity10 group vs 127 [1.7%] in the control group; p=0.132). INTERPRETATION: @entity10 is a promising treatment for prevention of major coronary events, and especially non-fatal coronary events, in Japanese hypercholesterolaemic @entity0 .

title: Effects of XXXX on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic @entity0 (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological and clinical evidence suggests that an increased intake of long-chain n-3 @entity7 protects against mortality from @entity2 . We aimed to test the hypothesis that long-term use of @entity9 ( @entity10 ) is effective for prevention of major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic @entity0 in Japan who consume a large amount of fish. METHODS: 18 645 @entity0 with a total @entity1 of 6.5 mmol/L or greater were recruited from local physicians throughout Japan between 1996 and 1999. @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive either 1800 mg of @entity10 daily with @entity8 ( @entity10 group; n=9326) or statin only (controls; n=9319) with a 5-year follow-up. The primary endpoint was any major coronary event, including @entity5 , fatal and non-fatal @entity3 , and other non-fatal events including unstable @entity4 , angioplasty, stenting, or coronary artery bypass grafting. Analysis was by intention-to-treat. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00231738. FINDINGS: At mean follow-up of 4.6 years, we detected the primary endpoint in 262 (2.8%) @entity0 in the @entity10 group and 324 (3.5%) in controls-a 19% relative reduction in major coronary events (p=0.011). Post-treatment LDL @entity1 concentrations decreased 25%, from 4.7 mmol/L in both groups. Serum LDL @entity1 was not a significant factor in a reduction of risk for major coronary events. @entity6 and non-fatal coronary events were also significantly reduced in the @entity10 group. @entity5 and coronary death did not differ between groups. In @entity0 with a history of @entity2 who were given @entity10 treatment, major coronary events were reduced by 19% (secondary prevention subgroup: 158 [8.7%] in the @entity10 group vs 197 [10.7%] in the control group; p=0.048). In @entity0 with no history of @entity2 , @entity10 treatment reduced major coronary events by 18%, but this finding was not significant (104 [1.4%] in the @entity10 group vs 127 [1.7%] in the control group; p=0.132). INTERPRETATION: @entity10 is a promising treatment for prevention of major coronary events, and especially non-fatal coronary events, in Japanese hypercholesterolaemic @entity0 .

title: Effects of @entity9 on major coronary events in hypercholesterolaemic XXXX (JELIS): a randomised open-label, blinded endpoint analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To report results of extraocular muscle surgery for superior oblique @entity3 when medical treatment fails. METHODS: A retrospective review of 14 consecutive @entity0 undergoing superior oblique tenectomy and inferior oblique myectomy between 1976 and 2008. RESULTS: The mean age of onset of symptoms was 35.4 +/- 12.6 years (range, 16-59.5), with a mean duration of oscillopsia of 5 +/- 4 years (range, 1.5-17) prior to surgery. Medical treatment was unsuccessful in all 14. Preoperatively, 2 had a small @entity4 that was consistent with an ipsilateral fourth (trochlear) nerve @entity2 ; 12 had no manifest tropia. Postoperatively, all had complete elimination of oscillopsia, and 12 of 14 were free of @entity1 in the primary position at 6 meters and 1/3 meter. The only 2 with @entity1 in the primary position after surgery were the 2 with a manifest @entity4 preoperatively. Of the remaining 12 @entity0 , 5 had a @entity4 of the affected eye limited to downgaze after surgery (mean of 6.2(Delta) +/- 1.6(Delta)). Of the 5, 3 needed contralateral inferior rectus surgery, and 1 required prism for downgaze. The mean follow-up was 4.1 +/- 2.4 years (range, 0.5-10). At the final visit, none had oscillopsia or uncontrolled @entity1 , but 3 (21%) needed prisms. CONCLUSIONS: Superior oblique tenectomy and inferior oblique myectomy effectively eliminate oscillopsia associated with superior oblique @entity3 but result in @entity1 in downgaze in approximately 36% of @entity0 , which may cause symptoms in @entity0 who require a bifocal for near work.

title: Results of extraocular muscle surgery for superior oblique XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Chromosomal rearrangements abound in nature and can be studied in detail in organisms with polytene chromosomes. In @entity1 and in Anopheline mosquitoes most speciation processes seem to be associated with the establishment of chromosomal rearrangements, particularly of paracentric inversions. It is not known what triggers inversions in natural populations. In the laboratory inversions are commonly generated by X-rays, mutagens or after the activity of certain transposable elements (TEs). The @entity3 complex is comprised of six sibling species, each one characterized by the presence of fixed paracentric inversions on their chromosomes. Two of these, An. gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis, are the most important vectors of @entity0 @entity2 and are structured into sub-populations, each carrying a characteristic set of polymorphic chromosomal inversions. We have cloned the breakpoints of the naturally occurring polymorphic inversion In(2R)d' of An. arabiensis. Analysis of the surrounding sequences demonstrated that adjacent to the distal breakpoint lies a transposable element that we called Odysseus. Characteristics of Odysseus' terminal region and its cytological distribution in different strains as well as within the same strain indicate that Odysseus is an actively transposing element. The presence of Odysseus at the junction of the naturally occurring inversion In(2R)d' suggests that the inversion may be the result of the TEs activity. Cytological evidence from @entity1 has also implicated the hobo transposable element in the generation of certain Hawaiian endemic inversions. This picture supports the hypothesis of the important role of TEs in generating natural inversions.

title: Are chromosomal inversions induced by transposable elements? A paradigm from the @entity2 mosquito XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Chromosomal rearrangements abound in nature and can be studied in detail in organisms with polytene chromosomes. In @entity1 and in Anopheline mosquitoes most speciation processes seem to be associated with the establishment of chromosomal rearrangements, particularly of paracentric inversions. It is not known what triggers inversions in natural populations. In the laboratory inversions are commonly generated by X-rays, mutagens or after the activity of certain transposable elements (TEs). The @entity3 complex is comprised of six sibling species, each one characterized by the presence of fixed paracentric inversions on their chromosomes. Two of these, An. gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis, are the most important vectors of @entity0 @entity2 and are structured into sub-populations, each carrying a characteristic set of polymorphic chromosomal inversions. We have cloned the breakpoints of the naturally occurring polymorphic inversion In(2R)d' of An. arabiensis. Analysis of the surrounding sequences demonstrated that adjacent to the distal breakpoint lies a transposable element that we called Odysseus. Characteristics of Odysseus' terminal region and its cytological distribution in different strains as well as within the same strain indicate that Odysseus is an actively transposing element. The presence of Odysseus at the junction of the naturally occurring inversion In(2R)d' suggests that the inversion may be the result of the TEs activity. Cytological evidence from @entity1 has also implicated the hobo transposable element in the generation of certain Hawaiian endemic inversions. This picture supports the hypothesis of the important role of TEs in generating natural inversions.

title: Are chromosomal inversions induced by transposable elements? A paradigm from the XXXX mosquito @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is a symptomatic add-on treatment for @entity0 with medically @entity1 . It consists of continuous electrical stimulation of the left vagus nerve by means of a helical electrode and an implantable, programmable pulse generator. Currently, over 50,000 @entity0 are treated with VNS worldwide. AIM: This uncontrolled, open-label retrospective study evaluates long-term outcome in @entity0 treated with VNS for @entity1 in seven different @entity1 centres in Belgium. METHODS: For the purpose of this study, a minimum of essential inclusion criteria were defined to collect relevant data. This limited the results to basic findings with regards to efficacy on the long term. Inclusion criteria were a follow-up of at least 12 months and a documented @entity2 diary before implantation and at maximum follow-up. Primary outcome measures were the reduction in mean monthly @entity2 frequency and the percentage of @entity0 with a @entity2 reduction of at least 50% (responder rate). RESULTS: About 138 @entity0 (67M/71F) had a mean age of 30 years (range 4-59) at time of implantation and a mean post-implantation follow-up of 44 months (range 12-120). The mean number of AEDs before implantation was 3 (range 1-5). About 117/138 @entity0 had @entity3 , 21 @entity0 had symptomatic generalised @entity1 . About 117/138 @entity0 were older than 16 years, 21 @entity0 were 16 or younger. At maximum follow-up, mean stimulation output current was 1.84mA (range 0-3.25). Mean number of AEDs at maximum follow-up remained unchanged. The overall reduction in mean monthly @entity2 frequency was 51%. Mean @entity2 frequency before implantation was 41 @entity2 /month (SD=61; range 1-300), mean @entity2 frequency after implantation at maximum follow-up was 7 @entity2 /month (SD=25; range 0-120). Responder rate was 59%. 13% of @entity0 had a @entity2 frequency decrease between 30% and 50%. About 28% had a @entity2 frequency decrease of<30%. @entity2 freedom was obtained in 12/138 @entity0 (9%). CONCLUSIONS: The long-term experience with VNS in Belgium confirms that VNS is an efficacious adjunctive antiepileptic treatment for @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Vagus nerve stimulation for XXXX : a Belgian multicenter study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 exerts its mutagenic effects via induction of @entity8 ( @entity9 )-DNA adducts. Such helix-distorting adducts are not always successfully repaired prior to DNA replication, which may result in a blocked replication fork. To alleviate this stall, cells utilize DNA damage tolerance systems involving either @entity1 avoidance or error-prone translesion synthesis. Studies in @entity4 suggest the modification of @entity6 by @entity5 63-linked poly-ubiquitin (K63-polyUb) chains as a key mediator of the @entity1 avoidance pathway. Recently, we extended this observation to @entity0 cells, showing the occurrence of poly-ubiquitination of @entity6 in UV-irradiated @entity0 cells. In the present study, we hypothesized that disrupting the formation of K63-polyUb chains inhibits damage avoidance and favors error-prone repair involving low-fidelity polymerases (e.g. POLeta), causing increased @entity9 -induced mutagenicity. To test this hypothesis, we generated A549 cells expressing either a mutant ubiquitin ( @entity11 -Ub) which blocks further ubiquitination through K63, or the wild type ubiquitin (WT-Ub). We show that @entity6 is poly-ubiquitinated in these cells upon @entity9 -exposure and that disruption of K63-polyUb chain formation has no effect on @entity9 -induced @entity3 . In contrast, significantly higher frequencies of @entity9 -induced HPRT mutations were observed in @entity11 -Ub expressing cells, of which the majority (74%) was @entity10 transversion. @entity9 treatment caused an enhanced recruitment of POLeta to the replication machinery of the @entity11 -Ub expressing cells, where it co-localized with @entity6 . Suppression of POLeta expression by using siRNA resulted in a 50% reduction of @entity9 -induced mutations in the @entity11 cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that formation of K63-polyUb chains protects @entity9 -exposed @entity0 cells against translesion synthesis-mediated mutagenesis. These findings indicate that K63-polyubiquitination guards against @entity2 by preventing mutagenesis and thus contributing to genomic stability.

title: Formation of @entity5 63-linked poly-ubiquitin chains protects @entity0 lung cells against XXXX -induced mutagenicity.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity7 exerts its mutagenic effects via induction of @entity8 ( @entity9 )-DNA adducts. Such helix-distorting adducts are not always successfully repaired prior to DNA replication, which may result in a blocked replication fork. To alleviate this stall, cells utilize DNA damage tolerance systems involving either @entity1 avoidance or error-prone translesion synthesis. Studies in @entity4 suggest the modification of @entity6 by @entity5 63-linked poly-ubiquitin (K63-polyUb) chains as a key mediator of the @entity1 avoidance pathway. Recently, we extended this observation to @entity0 cells, showing the occurrence of poly-ubiquitination of @entity6 in UV-irradiated @entity0 cells. In the present study, we hypothesized that disrupting the formation of K63-polyUb chains inhibits damage avoidance and favors error-prone repair involving low-fidelity polymerases (e.g. POLeta), causing increased @entity9 -induced mutagenicity. To test this hypothesis, we generated A549 cells expressing either a mutant ubiquitin ( @entity11 -Ub) which blocks further ubiquitination through K63, or the wild type ubiquitin (WT-Ub). We show that @entity6 is poly-ubiquitinated in these cells upon @entity9 -exposure and that disruption of K63-polyUb chain formation has no effect on @entity9 -induced @entity3 . In contrast, significantly higher frequencies of @entity9 -induced HPRT mutations were observed in @entity11 -Ub expressing cells, of which the majority (74%) was @entity10 transversion. @entity9 treatment caused an enhanced recruitment of POLeta to the replication machinery of the @entity11 -Ub expressing cells, where it co-localized with @entity6 . Suppression of POLeta expression by using siRNA resulted in a 50% reduction of @entity9 -induced mutations in the @entity11 cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that formation of K63-polyUb chains protects @entity9 -exposed @entity0 cells against translesion synthesis-mediated mutagenesis. These findings indicate that K63-polyubiquitination guards against @entity2 by preventing mutagenesis and thus contributing to genomic stability.

title: Formation of XXXX 63-linked poly-ubiquitin chains protects @entity0 lung cells against @entity8 -induced mutagenicity.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity7 exerts its mutagenic effects via induction of @entity8 ( @entity9 )-DNA adducts. Such helix-distorting adducts are not always successfully repaired prior to DNA replication, which may result in a blocked replication fork. To alleviate this stall, cells utilize DNA damage tolerance systems involving either @entity1 avoidance or error-prone translesion synthesis. Studies in @entity4 suggest the modification of @entity6 by @entity5 63-linked poly-ubiquitin (K63-polyUb) chains as a key mediator of the @entity1 avoidance pathway. Recently, we extended this observation to @entity0 cells, showing the occurrence of poly-ubiquitination of @entity6 in UV-irradiated @entity0 cells. In the present study, we hypothesized that disrupting the formation of K63-polyUb chains inhibits damage avoidance and favors error-prone repair involving low-fidelity polymerases (e.g. POLeta), causing increased @entity9 -induced mutagenicity. To test this hypothesis, we generated A549 cells expressing either a mutant ubiquitin ( @entity11 -Ub) which blocks further ubiquitination through K63, or the wild type ubiquitin (WT-Ub). We show that @entity6 is poly-ubiquitinated in these cells upon @entity9 -exposure and that disruption of K63-polyUb chain formation has no effect on @entity9 -induced @entity3 . In contrast, significantly higher frequencies of @entity9 -induced HPRT mutations were observed in @entity11 -Ub expressing cells, of which the majority (74%) was @entity10 transversion. @entity9 treatment caused an enhanced recruitment of POLeta to the replication machinery of the @entity11 -Ub expressing cells, where it co-localized with @entity6 . Suppression of POLeta expression by using siRNA resulted in a 50% reduction of @entity9 -induced mutations in the @entity11 cells. In conclusion, we demonstrated that formation of K63-polyUb chains protects @entity9 -exposed @entity0 cells against translesion synthesis-mediated mutagenesis. These findings indicate that K63-polyubiquitination guards against @entity2 by preventing mutagenesis and thus contributing to genomic stability.

title: Formation of @entity5 63-linked poly-ubiquitin chains protects XXXX lung cells against @entity8 -induced mutagenicity.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In staphylococci, @entity1 ( @entity1 ) resistance (MR) is mediated by the acquisition of the mecA gene, which is carried on the size and composition variable staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). MR has been extensively studied in @entity0 , but little is known about MR coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS). Here, we describe the diversity of SCCmec structures in MR-CoNS from outpatients living in countries with contrasting environments: Algeria, Mali, Moldova, and Cambodia. Their MR-CoNS nasal carriage rates were 29, 17, 11, and 31%, respectively. Ninety-six MR-CoNS strains, comprising 75 (78%) @entity2 strains, 19 (20%) @entity3 strains, 1 (1%) @entity0 hominis strain, and 1 (1%) @entity0 cohnii strain, were analyzed. Eighteen different SCCmec types were observed, with 28 identified as type IV (29%), 25 as type V (26%), and 1 as type III (1%). Fifteen strains (44%) were untypeable for their SCCmec. Thirty-four percent of MR-CoNS strains contained multiple ccr copies. Type IV and V SCCmec were preferentially associated with @entity2 and @entity3 , respectively. MR-CoNS constitute a widespread and highly diversified MR reservoir in the community.

title: Diversity of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec structures in @entity1 -resistant XXXX and @entity3 strains among outpatients from four countries.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In staphylococci, @entity1 ( @entity1 ) resistance (MR) is mediated by the acquisition of the mecA gene, which is carried on the size and composition variable staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). MR has been extensively studied in @entity0 , but little is known about MR coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS). Here, we describe the diversity of SCCmec structures in MR-CoNS from outpatients living in countries with contrasting environments: Algeria, Mali, Moldova, and Cambodia. Their MR-CoNS nasal carriage rates were 29, 17, 11, and 31%, respectively. Ninety-six MR-CoNS strains, comprising 75 (78%) @entity2 strains, 19 (20%) @entity3 strains, 1 (1%) @entity0 hominis strain, and 1 (1%) @entity0 cohnii strain, were analyzed. Eighteen different SCCmec types were observed, with 28 identified as type IV (29%), 25 as type V (26%), and 1 as type III (1%). Fifteen strains (44%) were untypeable for their SCCmec. Thirty-four percent of MR-CoNS strains contained multiple ccr copies. Type IV and V SCCmec were preferentially associated with @entity2 and @entity3 , respectively. MR-CoNS constitute a widespread and highly diversified MR reservoir in the community.

title: Diversity of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec structures in XXXX -resistant @entity2 and @entity3 strains among outpatients from four countries.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In staphylococci, @entity1 ( @entity1 ) resistance (MR) is mediated by the acquisition of the mecA gene, which is carried on the size and composition variable staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). MR has been extensively studied in @entity0 , but little is known about MR coagulase-negative staphylococci (MR-CoNS). Here, we describe the diversity of SCCmec structures in MR-CoNS from outpatients living in countries with contrasting environments: Algeria, Mali, Moldova, and Cambodia. Their MR-CoNS nasal carriage rates were 29, 17, 11, and 31%, respectively. Ninety-six MR-CoNS strains, comprising 75 (78%) @entity2 strains, 19 (20%) @entity3 strains, 1 (1%) @entity0 hominis strain, and 1 (1%) @entity0 cohnii strain, were analyzed. Eighteen different SCCmec types were observed, with 28 identified as type IV (29%), 25 as type V (26%), and 1 as type III (1%). Fifteen strains (44%) were untypeable for their SCCmec. Thirty-four percent of MR-CoNS strains contained multiple ccr copies. Type IV and V SCCmec were preferentially associated with @entity2 and @entity3 , respectively. MR-CoNS constitute a widespread and highly diversified MR reservoir in the community.

title: Diversity of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec structures in @entity1 -resistant @entity2 and XXXX strains among outpatients from four countries.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumour-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can be activated in vivo by vaccination with dendritic cells (DCs). However, clinical responses to DC-based vaccination have only been observed in a minority of @entity0 with solid @entity1 . Combination with other treatment modalities such as chemotherapy may overcome immunoresistance of @entity1 cells. It has been shown previously that @entity3 sensitises @entity0 @entity6 cells against CTL-mediated lysis. Here, a @entity2 @entity6 model was used to investigate whether combination with @entity3 increases therapeutic efficacy of DC-based vaccination. METHODS: Bone marrow-derived DCs from C57BL/6 @entity2 were loaded with UV-irradiated, syngeneic Panc02 @entity4 cells and were administered subcutaneously. For prophylactic vaccination, @entity2 were vaccinated three times at weekly intervals prior to @entity1 challenge with Panc02 cells. Therapeutic vaccination was started when @entity1 formed a palpable @entity7 . @entity3 was administered intraperitoneally twice weekly. RESULTS: Prophylactic DC-based vaccination completely prevented @entity1 development and induced immunological memory as well as @entity1 antigen-specific CTLs. In the subcutaneous @entity1 model, therapeutic DC-based vaccination was equally effective as @entity3 (14% vs 17% survival at day 58 after @entity1 challenge; controls, 0%). Combination of the two strategies significantly increased survival of @entity1 -bearing @entity2 (50% at day 58 after @entity1 challenge). DC-based vaccination also prevented @entity5 from pulmonary metastatisation after intravenous injection of Panc02 cells. CONCLUSION: DC-based immunotherapy may not only be successfully combined with @entity3 for the treatment of advanced @entity6 , but may also be effective in preventing local recurrence or metastatisation in @entity1 -free @entity0 .

title: Dendritic cell-based vaccination combined with XXXX increases survival in a @entity2 @entity6 model.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumour-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can be activated in vivo by vaccination with dendritic cells (DCs). However, clinical responses to DC-based vaccination have only been observed in a minority of @entity0 with solid @entity1 . Combination with other treatment modalities such as chemotherapy may overcome immunoresistance of @entity1 cells. It has been shown previously that @entity3 sensitises @entity0 @entity6 cells against CTL-mediated lysis. Here, a @entity2 @entity6 model was used to investigate whether combination with @entity3 increases therapeutic efficacy of DC-based vaccination. METHODS: Bone marrow-derived DCs from C57BL/6 @entity2 were loaded with UV-irradiated, syngeneic Panc02 @entity4 cells and were administered subcutaneously. For prophylactic vaccination, @entity2 were vaccinated three times at weekly intervals prior to @entity1 challenge with Panc02 cells. Therapeutic vaccination was started when @entity1 formed a palpable @entity7 . @entity3 was administered intraperitoneally twice weekly. RESULTS: Prophylactic DC-based vaccination completely prevented @entity1 development and induced immunological memory as well as @entity1 antigen-specific CTLs. In the subcutaneous @entity1 model, therapeutic DC-based vaccination was equally effective as @entity3 (14% vs 17% survival at day 58 after @entity1 challenge; controls, 0%). Combination of the two strategies significantly increased survival of @entity1 -bearing @entity2 (50% at day 58 after @entity1 challenge). DC-based vaccination also prevented @entity5 from pulmonary metastatisation after intravenous injection of Panc02 cells. CONCLUSION: DC-based immunotherapy may not only be successfully combined with @entity3 for the treatment of advanced @entity6 , but may also be effective in preventing local recurrence or metastatisation in @entity1 -free @entity0 .

title: Dendritic cell-based vaccination combined with @entity3 increases survival in a @entity2 XXXX model.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tumour-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can be activated in vivo by vaccination with dendritic cells (DCs). However, clinical responses to DC-based vaccination have only been observed in a minority of @entity0 with solid @entity1 . Combination with other treatment modalities such as chemotherapy may overcome immunoresistance of @entity1 cells. It has been shown previously that @entity3 sensitises @entity0 @entity6 cells against CTL-mediated lysis. Here, a @entity2 @entity6 model was used to investigate whether combination with @entity3 increases therapeutic efficacy of DC-based vaccination. METHODS: Bone marrow-derived DCs from C57BL/6 @entity2 were loaded with UV-irradiated, syngeneic Panc02 @entity4 cells and were administered subcutaneously. For prophylactic vaccination, @entity2 were vaccinated three times at weekly intervals prior to @entity1 challenge with Panc02 cells. Therapeutic vaccination was started when @entity1 formed a palpable @entity7 . @entity3 was administered intraperitoneally twice weekly. RESULTS: Prophylactic DC-based vaccination completely prevented @entity1 development and induced immunological memory as well as @entity1 antigen-specific CTLs. In the subcutaneous @entity1 model, therapeutic DC-based vaccination was equally effective as @entity3 (14% vs 17% survival at day 58 after @entity1 challenge; controls, 0%). Combination of the two strategies significantly increased survival of @entity1 -bearing @entity2 (50% at day 58 after @entity1 challenge). DC-based vaccination also prevented @entity5 from pulmonary metastatisation after intravenous injection of Panc02 cells. CONCLUSION: DC-based immunotherapy may not only be successfully combined with @entity3 for the treatment of advanced @entity6 , but may also be effective in preventing local recurrence or metastatisation in @entity1 -free @entity0 .

title: Dendritic cell-based vaccination combined with @entity3 increases survival in a XXXX @entity6 model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PROBLEM: To determine if @entity2 produced by autologous endometrial coculture (AECC) was associated with outcome in @entity0 with a history of multiple @entity1 ( @entity1 ) failures. METHOD OF STUDY: The conditioned media (CM) from AECC cells exposed or non-exposed to @entity0 embryos was analyzed for IL-1. RESULTS: Embryos grown on AECC demonstrated a significant improvement in number of blastomeres and fragmentation (frag) when compared to embryos grown in conventional media without ECC (6.4 +/- 1.3 vs. 5.5 +/- 1.2 blastomeres and 14.6 +/- 9.3%, vs. 18.4 +/- 9.8% frag; P< 0.008 and 0.003, respectively). When @entity2 and @entity4 were undetectable in the CM, the embryos grown in ECC were of improved quality as compared to the embryos grown only in conventional media. Conversely, @entity3 levels in the CM were positively associated with embryo quality. Exposure or non-exposure to an embryo did not result in differing levels of @entity2 , @entity4 , or @entity3 in the CM. @entity4 levels were negatively associated with clinical pregnancy outcome (3.3 pg/mL (pregnant, n = 12) vs. 27.1 pg/mL (not pregnant, n = 17); P = 0.008, Mann Whitney U-test). @entity2 and @entity3 levels were not associated with outcome. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated a significant improvement in blastomere number and frag with ECC. The presence of @entity4 in the CM was negatively associated with embryonic development and clinical pregnancy. The presence of @entity2 in the CM was negatively associated with embryonic development and the presence of @entity3 in the CM was positively associated with embryonic development. Whether @entity4 itself interferes with successful outcome after embryo transfer or if it is a marker for undetected @entity5 in the biopsy specimens remains to be determined.

title: @entity2 levels in the supernatant of conditioned media of embryos grown in autologous endometrial coculture: correlation with outcome after XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PROBLEM: To determine if @entity2 produced by autologous endometrial coculture (AECC) was associated with outcome in @entity0 with a history of multiple @entity1 ( @entity1 ) failures. METHOD OF STUDY: The conditioned media (CM) from AECC cells exposed or non-exposed to @entity0 embryos was analyzed for IL-1. RESULTS: Embryos grown on AECC demonstrated a significant improvement in number of blastomeres and fragmentation (frag) when compared to embryos grown in conventional media without ECC (6.4 +/- 1.3 vs. 5.5 +/- 1.2 blastomeres and 14.6 +/- 9.3%, vs. 18.4 +/- 9.8% frag; P< 0.008 and 0.003, respectively). When @entity2 and @entity4 were undetectable in the CM, the embryos grown in ECC were of improved quality as compared to the embryos grown only in conventional media. Conversely, @entity3 levels in the CM were positively associated with embryo quality. Exposure or non-exposure to an embryo did not result in differing levels of @entity2 , @entity4 , or @entity3 in the CM. @entity4 levels were negatively associated with clinical pregnancy outcome (3.3 pg/mL (pregnant, n = 12) vs. 27.1 pg/mL (not pregnant, n = 17); P = 0.008, Mann Whitney U-test). @entity2 and @entity3 levels were not associated with outcome. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated a significant improvement in blastomere number and frag with ECC. The presence of @entity4 in the CM was negatively associated with embryonic development and clinical pregnancy. The presence of @entity2 in the CM was negatively associated with embryonic development and the presence of @entity3 in the CM was positively associated with embryonic development. Whether @entity4 itself interferes with successful outcome after embryo transfer or if it is a marker for undetected @entity5 in the biopsy specimens remains to be determined.

title: XXXX levels in the supernatant of conditioned media of embryos grown in autologous endometrial coculture: correlation with outcome after @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dark @entity6 (DC) is one of the richest sources of @entity5 . Since DC has been demonstrated to have beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, our study examined its effect on platelet reactivity, @entity1 , and lipid levels in healthy subjects. METHODS: In 28 healthy volunteers, we analyzed the effect of one week of DC (providing 700 mg of @entity5 /day). The primary outcome was to determine the effects of DC consumption on platelet activity measured by flow cytometry ( @entity3 [ @entity3 ]- and @entity4 [AA]-induced total and activated glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa as well as P-selectin expression). In addition to this, we measured the effect of DC on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), high-density lipid @entity2 (HDL) and low-density lipid @entity2 (LDL) levels. RESULTS: Following seven days of regular DC ingestion, LDL fell by 6% (120 +/- 38 vs 112 +/- 37 mg/dL, P < 0.018) and HDL rose by 9% (66 +/- 23 vs 72 +/- 26 mg/dL, P < 0.0019). @entity3 - and AA-induced activated GPIIb/IIIa expression was reduced by DC [27.3 +/- 27.8 vs 17.4 +/- 20.5 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), P < 0.006; and 9.2 +/- 6.5 vs. 6.1 +/- 2.2 MFI, P < 0.005, respectively]. DC reduced hsCRP levels in @entity0 (1.8 +/- 2.1 vs. 1.4 +/- 1.7 mg/dL, P < 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: One week of DC ingestion improved lipid profiles and decreased platelet reactivity within the total group while reducing @entity1 only in @entity0 . Regular dark @entity6 ingestion may have cardioprotective properties. Further long-term research is warranted to evaluate the effect of @entity5 on cardiovascular health and to determine whether DC's beneficial effects are related to @entity5 or some yet unknown component. This research is based on a larger study which was presented at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions 2007.

title: Dark XXXX effect on platelet activity, C-reactive protein and lipid profile: a pilot study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Natural Killer cells (NK) are an important part of non-specific cellular-mediated and antitumoral immunity. The goal of this review is to recapitulate data published over NK activity during the perioperative period and the influence of anaesthesia, @entity3 and modulation of sympathetic system. DATA SOURCES: Pubmed/Medline database. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Keywords-based selection, without limit of date: fundamental studies, randomized controlled trials and non-randomized comparative studies. DATA SYNTHESIS: In @entity0 as in animal studies, an important correlation exists between NK activity and prognosis linked to the development of @entity1 . The great depression of this @entity2 during the perioperative period could be able to compromise host defenses. The influence of anaesthetics and analgesics is important. The effects of the opioids, the agonists and the antagonists of the sympathetic nervous system, the @entity4 , the NSAIDs, the @entity5 , the hypnotics and the locoregional anaesthesia are systematically reviewed. The limits of experimental model presented are covered. CONCLUSION: The effects of anaesthetic/analgesic drugs and techniques, the consequences of sympathomodulation on NK activity are numerous and sometimes opposite. It is important for the anaesthesiologist to keep in mind that the long term consequences of his techniques on the @entity0 ' outcome must be clarified.

title: [Could anaesthesia, XXXX and sympathetic modulation affect neoplasic recurrence after surgery? A systematic review centred over the modulation of natural killer cells activity].

answer: @entity3


abstract: To explore the therapeutic effects of adenovirus vector mediated transfer of the ICOSIg gene on immuno-inflammation-mediated cardiac remodeling in an experimental @entity3 (EAM) model, pAdeno-ICOSIg was constructed and transfected into HEK 293 cells to produce the ICOSIg adenovirus. Ad- @entity4 -GFP was used as a control. EAM was induced in Lewis @entity0 by injection of porcine cardiac myosin. The immunized @entity0 were divided into two groups. The inducible co-stimulatory molecule ( @entity9 ) group received the adenovirus containing ICOSIg on day 14; the green fluorescent protein (GFP) group received the adenovirus containing GFP as the control adenovirus and 15 normal @entity0 (Control group) consisted of the normal controls that were not immunized. On day 28, all @entity0 were euthanized after echocardiography and histopathologically examined for @entity2 . Western blotting was performed to detect @entity9 , @entity10 ( @entity10 ), @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity8 and real-time RT-PCR was performed to detect B7-1, B7-2 and interleukin (IL)-17 expression. ELISPOT was applied to detect Th1 and Th2 cytokine production. Collagen concentration and collagen cross-linking were determined as markers of @entity2 . It was found that blockade with ICOSIg exerted antifibrotic effects on cardiac remodeling in EAM. On day 28, cardiac function and inflammatory @entity1 improved significantly in the @entity9 group compared to the GFP group. The expression of @entity9 , the @entity10 , @entity11 was statistically significantly lower in the @entity9 and Control groups compared to the GFP group. ICOSIg significantly augmented Th2 cytokine production and diminished Th1 and Th17 cytokine production. This blockade of the @entity9 co-stimulatory pathway with ICOSIg alleviated autoimmune inflammation-mediated cardiac remodeling and improved cardiac function. Regulation of the Th1/Th2/Th17 balance may be one of the underlying mechanisms responsible for this effect.

title: Adenovirus-mediated ICOSIg gene transfer alleviates cardiac remodeling in experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 is an extremely common symptom, affecting nearly three-quarters of the population sometime in their life. Given that disc herniation is thought to be an extension of progressive @entity5 that attends the normal aging process, seeking an effective therapy that staves off @entity5 has been considered a logical attempt to @entity3 . The most apparent cellular and biochemical changes attributable to degeneration include a decrease in cell density in the disc that is accompanied by a reduction in synthesis of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix components. With this in mind, one therapeutic strategy would be to replace, regenerate, or augment the intervertebral disc cell population, with a goal of correcting @entity6 and restoring normal segment biomechanics. Biological restoration through the use of autologous disc chondrocyte transplantation offers a potential to achieve functional integration of disc metabolism and mechanics. We designed an animal study using the @entity2 as our model to investigate this hypothesis by transplantation of autologous disc-derived chondrocytes into degenerated intervertebral discs. As a result we demonstrated that disc cells remained viable after transplantation; transplanted disc cells produced an extracellular matrix that contained components similar to normal intervertebral disc tissue; a statistically significant correlation between transplanting cells and retention of disc height could displayed. Following these results the @entity7 Disc Randomized Trial was initiated to embrace a representative @entity0 group with persistent symptoms that had not responded to conservative treatment where an indication for surgical treatment was given. In the interim analyses we evaluated that @entity0 who received autologous disc cell transplantation had greater @entity1 reduction at 2 years compared with @entity0 who did not receive cells following their discectomy surgery and discs in @entity0 that received cells demonstrated a significant difference as a group in the fluid content of their treated disc when compared to control. Autologous disc-derived cell transplantation is technically feasible and biologically relevant to repairing disc damage and retarding @entity5 . Adipose tissue provides an alternative source of regenerative cells with little donor site morbidity. These regenerative cells are able to differentiate into a nucleus pulposus-like phenotype when exposed to environmental factors similar to disc, and offer the inherent advantage of availability without the need for transporting, culturing, and expanding the cells. In an effort to develop a clinical option for cell placement and assess the response of the cells to the post-surgical milieu, adipose-derived cells were collected, concentrated, and transplanted under fluoroscopic guidance directly into a surgically damaged disc using our @entity2 model. This study provides evidence that cells harvested from adipose tissue might offer a reliable source of regenerative potential capable of bio-restitution.

title: Cell transplantation in lumbar spine XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is difficult to differentiate early compensated @entity1 from @entity4 solely by clinical features. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of @entity2 measurement (LSM) for detection of early compensated @entity3 in @entity7 ( @entity7 ). METHODS: Ninety-one consecutive @entity7 @entity0 who underwent liver biopsy (LB) and LSM were recruited. All @entity0 did not fulfill the clinical criteria for @entity1 . The cutoff of LSM for @entity1 was 10.3 kPa. RESULTS: All @entity0 were divided into either group A ( @entity1 ) or group B ( @entity7 ) according to LB result. The median LSM values of groups A and B were 11.8 and 7.6 kPa, respectively (P < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of LSM in predicting @entity1 were 0.59, 0.78, 0.68, and 0.72, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of LSM was 0.803, whereas the AUROCs of @entity6 to @entity5 aminotransferase ratio (AAR) and @entity6 aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) were 0.488 and 0.723, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: LSM showed an acceptable diagnostic accuracy for detecting early compensated @entity1 in @entity7 .

title: Usefulness of FibroScan for detection of early compensated @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is difficult to differentiate early compensated @entity1 from @entity4 solely by clinical features. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of @entity2 measurement (LSM) for detection of early compensated @entity3 in @entity7 ( @entity7 ). METHODS: Ninety-one consecutive @entity7 @entity0 who underwent liver biopsy (LB) and LSM were recruited. All @entity0 did not fulfill the clinical criteria for @entity1 . The cutoff of LSM for @entity1 was 10.3 kPa. RESULTS: All @entity0 were divided into either group A ( @entity1 ) or group B ( @entity7 ) according to LB result. The median LSM values of groups A and B were 11.8 and 7.6 kPa, respectively (P < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of LSM in predicting @entity1 were 0.59, 0.78, 0.68, and 0.72, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of LSM was 0.803, whereas the AUROCs of @entity6 to @entity5 aminotransferase ratio (AAR) and @entity6 aminotransferase to platelet ratio index (APRI) were 0.488 and 0.723, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: LSM showed an acceptable diagnostic accuracy for detecting early compensated @entity1 in @entity7 .

title: Usefulness of FibroScan for detection of early compensated XXXX in @entity7 .

answer: @entity3