abstract: @entity12 are @entity8 -related compounds that have been found to prevent @entity2 in animals and @entity1 . In this review, we discuss the role of @entity12 and their receptors in the treatment and prevention of @entity0 . The @entity7 receptors are expressed in normal and malignant breast cells, and are critical for normal development. In breast cells, when bound by @entity7 hormones, these proteins regulate proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. The mechanism by which @entity12 inhibit breast cell growth has not been completely elucidated, however, @entity12 have been shown to affect multiple signal transduction pathways, including IGF-, @entity11 -, and @entity9 -dependent pathways. @entity12 have also been shown to suppress the growth and prevent the development of @entity0 in animals. These agents suppress tumorigenesis in carcinogen-treated @entity4 and in @entity3 , and inhibit the growth of transplanted @entity0 . These promising preclinical results have provided the rationale to test @entity12 in clinical trials for the treatment and prevention of @entity0 . Several @entity12 , including all trans @entity10 and @entity13 , have been shown to have modest activity in the treatment of @entity0 , and these agents are now in clinical trials in combination with cytotoxic agents and anti- @entity6 . Another @entity7 , 4-HPR, is currently being tested in a @entity1 @entity2 prevention trial. Preliminary results suggest that 4-HPR may suppress @entity0 development in premenopausal @entity1 . Future clinical trials will focus on testing new synthetic @entity12 that have reduced @entity5 and enhanced therapeutic and preventive efficacy.

title: Role of @entity7 receptors in the prevention and treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity12 are @entity8 -related compounds that have been found to prevent @entity2 in animals and @entity1 . In this review, we discuss the role of @entity12 and their receptors in the treatment and prevention of @entity0 . The @entity7 receptors are expressed in normal and malignant breast cells, and are critical for normal development. In breast cells, when bound by @entity7 hormones, these proteins regulate proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. The mechanism by which @entity12 inhibit breast cell growth has not been completely elucidated, however, @entity12 have been shown to affect multiple signal transduction pathways, including IGF-, @entity11 -, and @entity9 -dependent pathways. @entity12 have also been shown to suppress the growth and prevent the development of @entity0 in animals. These agents suppress tumorigenesis in carcinogen-treated @entity4 and in @entity3 , and inhibit the growth of transplanted @entity0 . These promising preclinical results have provided the rationale to test @entity12 in clinical trials for the treatment and prevention of @entity0 . Several @entity12 , including all trans @entity10 and @entity13 , have been shown to have modest activity in the treatment of @entity0 , and these agents are now in clinical trials in combination with cytotoxic agents and anti- @entity6 . Another @entity7 , 4-HPR, is currently being tested in a @entity1 @entity2 prevention trial. Preliminary results suggest that 4-HPR may suppress @entity0 development in premenopausal @entity1 . Future clinical trials will focus on testing new synthetic @entity12 that have reduced @entity5 and enhanced therapeutic and preventive efficacy.

title: Role of XXXX receptors in the prevention and treatment of @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim was to study the role of visual neglect in acute right hemisphere brain @entity3 as a predictor of poor functional outcome during the first year after @entity1 . In particular, we were interested in the additional value of neglect measures besides @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity2 and age. @entity0 AND METHODS: A consecutive series of 57 @entity0 with a neuroradiologically verified right hemisphere @entity3 was examined within 10 days of the @entity1 . Fifty @entity0 were followed up for 1 year. Neglect was measured with the Conventional and the Behavioural subtests of the Behavioural Inattention Test (BITC and BITB, respectively). The predictors were determined at the 10-day examination. Functional outcome was assessed 3, 6 and 12 months after the onset with the Frenchay Activities Index. RESULTS: Neglect in BITB was the best single predictor, which together with high age formed the best combination of predictors for poor functional outcome at each follow-up. @entity4 was also included in this prediction model at the 3-month follow-up, but @entity5 , BITC, or visuoconstructional and @entity6 showed no additional predictive value. However, neglect usually recovered soon. When @entity2 were assessed at the same time as the outcome, @entity4 rather than neglect was the strongest correlate of poor outcome. CONCLUSION: Neglect in @entity1 is an important predictor of poor functional recovery. Residual neglect, which could be compensated in the follow-up tests, may nevertheless restrict @entity0 ' real-life activities and hobbies.

title: Visual neglect as a predictor of functional outcome one year after XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Several biological characteristics of six diffuse-type variants and six compact-type variants of @entity1 were compared on the basis of morphology, phage type, certain cellular products, growth rate, and @entity0 virulence. All compact variants gave a positive test for clumping-factor reaction, coagulase, deoxyribonuclease, @entity4 fermentation, @entity3 , and pigmentation. Four of the six compact variants were phage typable and lacked capsules. None of the diffuse variants was phage-typable or possessed the clumping-factor reaction. Only one diffuse variant had hemolytic activity, and all of the diffuse strains were encapsulated. No differences between the compact and diffuse strains were noted with respect to @entity4 fermentation or deoxyribonuclease activity. Coagulase and acid phosphatase activities of the culture supernatant fluid were diminished in most of the diffuse strains. Less @entity2 content was found in cells of diffuse variants. Virulence in @entity0 was found to correlate with the capsule size, as the mortality rate was greatest for diffuse variants having the largest capsules. Growth rates of variants were generally not significantly different.

title: Comparison of Compact and Diffuse Variants of Strains of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this report is to review the surgical treatment of the @entity3 involved with @entity2 over a 25-year period and present our results with regard to changes in upper limb function. Surgical results were assessed by comparison of preoperative and postoperative levels of @entity3 functional use using a previously described 9-level scale. The effect of the following cofactors on surgical outcome were examined: type of @entity2 , age, voluntary control, @entity1 , sensibility, and type of surgical treatment. One hundred eighty operations representing 718 procedures in 134 @entity0 were reviewed. Surgical treatment was based on the following principles: soft tissue releases of deforming spastic muscles, tendon transfers to augment antagonistic activity, and joint stabilization. Surgical planning was tailored to each @entity0 's particular needs. Comparison of the preoperative and postoperative 9-level functional use scores showed an average improvement of 2.6 functional levels for all @entity0 . @entity0 with fair and good voluntary control had significantly greater improvement in functional use scores than those with poor voluntary control. No other statistically significant predictive cofactor was found. In selected @entity0 with @entity3 dysfunction secondary to @entity2 , surgical intervention improves function, as measured by the @entity3 functional use scale.

title: Upper extremity surgical treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intestinal transplantation has become an accepted therapy for @entity4 and other types of intestinal failure. In order to assess digestive capabilities and feeding practices in a group of 22 pediatric @entity0 after intestinal transplantation, we assessed mucosal disaccharidase activities and assimilation of total dietary lipid and @entity1 . Twelve of the @entity0 had undergone contemporaneous liver transplantation. METHODS: Mucosal biopsies were assayed for disaccharidase activities between 15 and 412 days after transplantation in 7 of the 22 when all were receiving some enteral nutrition and were free of rejection. Coefficients of lipid absorption were determined in those @entity0 receiving total enteral feeding (two-thirds polymeric/one-third elemental) between 43 and 1032 days after transplantation; oral @entity1 tolerance tests were done at about the same time. RESULTS: Activities of @entity2 , sucrase, maltase, and palatinase consistently exceeded reference ranges (P<0.05). Mean coefficient of lipid absorption equaled 86+/-12% and was not influenced by duration of time after transplantation. No @entity0 required dietary lipid restriction. No significant absorption of @entity1 was demonstrated until 160 days after transplantation. @entity1 absorption did correlate with length of time elapsed after surgery (r=0.64, P<0.0011). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this investigation show that, in the absence of histologic or clinical indications of allograft rejection, pediatric intestinal transplant recipients do not have primary @entity3 . Similarly, absorption of usual dietary lipid content is adequate once weaning from parenteral nutrition is complete. In contrast, early assimilation of @entity1 is poor. @entity1 absorption subsequently improves, but the mechanism is obscure.

title: Disaccharidase activities and fat assimilation in pediatric XXXX after intestinal transplantation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone @entity2 (BME) is a common cause of @entity1 . The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of the vasoactive drug iloprost in the treatment of BME of femoral head. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed 27 @entity0 (19 male, 8 female) with BME of the femoral head. Their mean age was 53.7 +/- 10.8 years. All @entity0 were treated with iloprost, a vasoactive drug that dilates arterioles and venules, reduces capillary permeability and suppresses @entity3 . The therapy comprised a series of five infusions with 20 to 50 mug iloprost over 6 h on 5 consecutive days each. Weight bearing was reduced for up to 3 weeks, depending on the severity of symptoms. @entity1 at rest as well as under stress was assessed with a semi quantitative scale from before and 4 months after therapy. MRI investigations were done before and repeated 4 months after therapy. RESULTS: At the clinical follow up of four months after therapy, the @entity1 level at rest had diminished by a mean of 58.3% (P < 0.0001). @entity1 under stress decreased by a mean of 41.9% (P < 0.0001). On MRI, 20 @entity0 had a significant reduction of BME size or complete normalization and 4 showed no change. Worsening of the MRI pattern was found in 3 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The authors conclude that the use of parenteral iloprost might be a viable method in the treatment of BME of femoral head.

title: Outcome of painful XXXX of the femoral head following treatment with parenteral iloprost.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spasticity is a major problem related to @entity4 . Use of intrathecal @entity5 with an implanted pump seems a very useful mode of therapy in @entity0 in whom oral antispasmodic agents are either not effective or produce intolerable side-effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity0 with mean age 50 years (range 32-72 years) had intrathecal @entity5 pump implanted for the severe @entity3 of spinal origin. One @entity0 died following implantation of pump due to natural causes and was not included in the study. The @entity0 were followed up for mean 22 months (range, one to five years). RESULTS: All 24 @entity0 showed improvement in their @entity6 following the procedure. Improvement was noted in @entity2 (12), @entity1 (20) and sphincter control (14). @entity0 had improvement in activities of daily living such as feeding ability (10), self care (10), indoor and outdoor mobility (19), and driving (4). One @entity0 had catheter leakage immediately after the surgery and required change of catheter. The radio telemetry allows very good adjustment of the dose according the individual @entity0 needs. CONCLUSION: Intrathecal @entity5 pump improves the symptoms of @entity6 and also the quality of life. It helps the @entity0 to live more independently. It is not an irreversible surgery for the @entity0 and hence it is very useful in the changing the dynamics in this group of @entity0 .

title: Intrathecal XXXX : Its effect on symptoms and activities of daily living in severe @entity3 due to @entity4 : A pilot study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spasticity is a major problem related to @entity4 . Use of intrathecal @entity5 with an implanted pump seems a very useful mode of therapy in @entity0 in whom oral antispasmodic agents are either not effective or produce intolerable side-effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity0 with mean age 50 years (range 32-72 years) had intrathecal @entity5 pump implanted for the severe @entity3 of spinal origin. One @entity0 died following implantation of pump due to natural causes and was not included in the study. The @entity0 were followed up for mean 22 months (range, one to five years). RESULTS: All 24 @entity0 showed improvement in their @entity6 following the procedure. Improvement was noted in @entity2 (12), @entity1 (20) and sphincter control (14). @entity0 had improvement in activities of daily living such as feeding ability (10), self care (10), indoor and outdoor mobility (19), and driving (4). One @entity0 had catheter leakage immediately after the surgery and required change of catheter. The radio telemetry allows very good adjustment of the dose according the individual @entity0 needs. CONCLUSION: Intrathecal @entity5 pump improves the symptoms of @entity6 and also the quality of life. It helps the @entity0 to live more independently. It is not an irreversible surgery for the @entity0 and hence it is very useful in the changing the dynamics in this group of @entity0 .

title: Intrathecal @entity5 : Its effect on symptoms and activities of daily living in severe XXXX due to @entity4 : A pilot study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spasticity is a major problem related to @entity4 . Use of intrathecal @entity5 with an implanted pump seems a very useful mode of therapy in @entity0 in whom oral antispasmodic agents are either not effective or produce intolerable side-effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity0 with mean age 50 years (range 32-72 years) had intrathecal @entity5 pump implanted for the severe @entity3 of spinal origin. One @entity0 died following implantation of pump due to natural causes and was not included in the study. The @entity0 were followed up for mean 22 months (range, one to five years). RESULTS: All 24 @entity0 showed improvement in their @entity6 following the procedure. Improvement was noted in @entity2 (12), @entity1 (20) and sphincter control (14). @entity0 had improvement in activities of daily living such as feeding ability (10), self care (10), indoor and outdoor mobility (19), and driving (4). One @entity0 had catheter leakage immediately after the surgery and required change of catheter. The radio telemetry allows very good adjustment of the dose according the individual @entity0 needs. CONCLUSION: Intrathecal @entity5 pump improves the symptoms of @entity6 and also the quality of life. It helps the @entity0 to live more independently. It is not an irreversible surgery for the @entity0 and hence it is very useful in the changing the dynamics in this group of @entity0 .

title: Intrathecal @entity5 : Its effect on symptoms and activities of daily living in severe @entity3 due to XXXX : A pilot study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This paper describes @entity1 , which presented to us and were managed at a burn unit in Nigeria. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the etiologies of these injuries, the extent of the injuries as well as to suggest possible ways to prevent @entity1 in our environment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We carried out a retrospective review of chemical burns treated at our center. Our sources of information were the burn unit admission registers, case notes of the @entity0 and operation registers. The results were collated and then analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty eight @entity0 presented with @entity9 during the study period between January 2000 and December 2003, constituting 5.7% of all @entity0 with burns treated within that period. Seventeen (60.7%) of the @entity0 were males while 11 (29.3%) were females with a mean age of 20.6 years. The injuries were sustained from assault in 21 (75%), armed robbery attacks in five (17.8%) and suicide attempts in two (7.1%). The agents were usually unknown. Late presentation was observed in all the @entity0 . Raw eggs, palm oil, gentian violet and engine oil were the substances applied immediately after the injuries. Complications observed included @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity2 , @entity6 , ectropion, @entity6 , @entity8 , keloids and @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity9 are mainly due to assaults in Nigeria and are usually extensive and presented late. Education of the @entity0 and penalty for any offender will reduce the current spate of such injuries.

title: XXXX from assaults: An increasing trend in a developing country.

answer: @entity1


abstract: It is well known that hearing acuity decreases with age. The precise mechanism responsible for this phenomenon, called @entity3 , is unknown. One hypothesis advanced to explain this loss of acuity implicates chronic exposure to snoring noise. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether snoring is associated with @entity2 . We examined 219 @entity0 (63 @entity0 and 156 @entity0 ) referred to our @entity1 center. All of the @entity0 underwent nocturnal polysomnography with measurements of snoring, as well as standard audiometry (i.e., measurement of hearing thresholds at 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, 3 kHz, 4 kHz, 6 kHz, and 8 kHz). Snoring was quantified by measuring three parameters: snoring index (SI = number of snores/h of sleep), average nocturnal sound intensity (dBav), and maximum nocturnal sound intensity (dBmax). We used simple correlation analysis to investigate the relationship between snoring and hearing thresholds; multiple linear regression analysis to determine individual contributions of age, sex, and snoring to the variability in hearing thresholds; and comparison tests to determine whether mild snorers had less @entity2 than severe snorers. None of these statistical tests demonstrated that snoring was a significant determinant of hearing. We conclude that snoring is not associated with @entity2 and is therefore unlikely to account for @entity3 .

title: Does snoring contribute to XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: Forehead lumps which are commonly excised for cosmetic reasons, are done through a traditional open excision technique. In the Asian population, open excision commonly results in a @entity3 which tends not to fade with time and this can be a concern to some @entity0 . The aims of this paper are to describe an endoscopically assisted technique of surgery, with emphasis on the subperiosteal, single-portal approach; to review the outcome of the surgery, and to define the indications for its use. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We describe here a case series of ten @entity0 , in whom a minimally invasive technique was employed for the removal of a @entity2 via an endoscopic, single-portal, subperiosteal approach. RESULTS: The @entity0 ' age ranged from 26 to 54 years and the dimensions of the masses removed ranged from 1.0 x 0.5 cm to 3.0 x 3.0 cm. All were confirmed by histological examination to be @entity2 . The @entity0 were followed up for an average period of nine months. There were no residual masses or recurrences and no complications of @entity1 . All the @entity0 were very satisfied with their 'scar less' operations. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic excision of @entity2 through a single-port approach is both safe and reliable. It is indicated in @entity0 who are prone to scarring or who are concerned with a @entity4 .

title: Endoscopic resection of XXXX : A subperiosteal single-portal approach.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is increasing in prevalence, affecting millions of @entity0 worldwide. In addition to being associated with increased mortality, @entity2 is associated with a decreased quality of life. @entity2 associated sleep disturbances and increased @entity1 are especially important in @entity0 due to the accompanying behavioral and developmental difficulties. As diurnal spirometry is not a practical tool for the diagnosis and monitoring of @entity2 , self or parental reports are used. @entity0 underreport and underestimate their @entity2 symptoms and parents are not fully aware of their @entity0 's @entity2 indicators. In addition, there is the lack of physician familiarity regarding the assessment and treatment of @entity2 . Therefore, @entity2 is chronically underreported. The development of a non-invasive, objective, home-based diagnostic tool is crucial in diagnosing and monitoring @entity0 with @entity2 . The presence of wheeze during sleep has been successfully employed as a tool to measure @entity2 in @entity0 . This review discusses the increasing prevalence of @entity2 , current diagnostic tools and the consequences of undiagnosed @entity2 in @entity0 . In conclusion, this paper suggests that an automated wheeze detective device is an objective and practical tool to aid the diagnosis and monitoring of @entity2 .

title: An unidentified monster in the bed--assessing nocturnal asthma in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The mechanism underlying @entity2 of experimentally vascularized bone grafts was studied in 15-week-old @entity0 . The segmental ulna was grafted to the tibial defect with an external fixator. In experiment 1, 24 @entity0 were classified into four groups to evaluate conventional (non-vascularized), cuff (periosteum-encased, non-vascularized), and vascularized bone grafts, and vascularized segmental grafts with @entity1 . In experiment 2, 12 @entity0 were classified into two groups according to the presence of mechanical loading. This involved vascularized bone grafts with external fixators, and vascularized bone grafts with external fixators removed after bone union. The bone dynamics of the grafts were investigated by several methods, including roentgenographic analysis, histologic studies, and fluorochrome labeling. In experiment 1, a slight bone formation was recognized in the conventional bone graft, while irregular bone formation with creeping substitution was observed in the cuff graft. The vascularized bone graft showed significant @entity2 ; @entity2 of the vascularized bone with @entity1 was greater than that without @entity1 . In experiment 2, markedly circumferential bone formation was observed after removal of the external fixator, while slight new bone formation was observed during the late postoperative period in bone with an external fixator. These results suggest that @entity2 can be promoted by artificial @entity1 of the grafted bone, and that mechanical loading is an important factor for remodeling of grafted bone.

title: Experimental study of vascularized bone grafts: XXXX of the grafted bone.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reviewing our experience in the variety of pathological entities causing obstructive hydrocephalous, we evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic treatment, with particular attention to surgical technique, nuances, and pitfalls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We reviewed the cases of 57 consecutive @entity0 with obstructive @entity2 of various origins in the last 9 years. They were treated by endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV). A septostomy was also performed in ten cases. Operative videos were reassessed, and surgical nuances reconsidered. RESULTS: ETV was accomplished in all but three cases. The overall rate of good results (shunt-independent @entity0 with clinical remission or improvement) was 81.5% (44/54). From ten @entity0 with ETV failure, five were re-ETVed successfully, and five were shunted. @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity1 compressing the aqueduct received the greatest benefit from the ETV. There were no permanent morbidities or any mortality. Fundamentals of preoperative planning, postoperative evaluation, and technical pitfalls have been considered. CONCLUSION: ETV for obstructive @entity2 of various origins is safe and effective, and should be considered as a first-line treatment. Familiarity with the ventricular anatomy and its variations in @entity2 is key to success. Preoperative planning is mandatory. Awareness of potential pitfalls minimizes the risk.

title: Endoscopic third XXXX : surgical technique and pitfalls.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Holando-Argentina @entity1 (males and females) were experimentally infected with Tritrichomonas foetus var. Belfast (T. foetus) by introducing 10(7) protozoa into the preputial and vaginal cavities, in order to analyse the course of the immune response to @entity0 . Samples of serum, vaginal mucus and preputial secretion were taken periodically and assayed by means of microagglutination of living protozoa. The serum antibody titre, which averaged 32 before @entity0 and was equivalent to titres in a non-infected group, increased to 512 in the heifers 11 weeks later and to 128 in the bulls 4 months post- @entity0 . Agglutinating antibodies were not detected in the preputial cavity, but heifers showed antibodies in the vaginal mucus and became trichomoniasis free after 4 months. Conversely, genital secretions from the bulls gave rise to positive cultures during the whole period of experimentation. The intradermal sensitivity was checked using a soluble antigen from T. foetus. The diameter of the papula increased up to three times in heifers, while in bulls the results were no different than those from the non-infected group. Serum antibodies were of the IgG2 subclass, while those isolated from vaginal mucus were characterized as IgG1, an opsonizing antibody. Heifers were refractory to challenge @entity0 after 1 year. The poor immune response in bulls is consistent with their role as carriers of T. foetus.

title: The immune response in XXXX infected with Tritrichomonas foetus.

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: Surgery for the release of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity5 is a commonly performed procedure. Various interposition materials have been tried with varying success rates. However, none of these procedures attempt to recreate the architecture of the joint as the glenoid surface is usually left raw. AIMS: We aimed to use a vascularised cartilage flap and to line the raw surface of the bone to recreate the articular surface of the joint. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: There is a rich blood supply in the region of the helical root, based on branches from the Superficial Temporal Artery (STA), which enables the harvest of vascularised cartilage from the helical root for use in the @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two cases, one adult and the other a @entity0 , of unilateral @entity5 were operated upon using this additional technique. The adult @entity0 had a bony segment excised along with a vascularised cartilage flap for lining the glenoid. The @entity0 was managed with an interposition graft of costochondral cartilage following the release of the @entity5 , in addition to the vascularised cartilage flap for lining the glenoid. RESULTS: The @entity1 was good in both the cases with significant reduction in @entity2 . However, the long-term results of this procedure are yet to be ascertained. CONCLUSIONS: The vascularised cartilage flap as an additional interposition material in @entity3 surgery enables early and @entity4 with good short-term results. The potential applicability of this flap in various pathologies of the @entity3 is enormous.

title: Use of vascularised cartilage as an additional interposition in temporomandibular XXXX surgery: Rationale, advantages and potential benefits.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity14 (OC) was identified as a potent apoptosis inducer from an herbal plant, Garcinia yunnanensis, during our previous bioassay-guided drug screening. In this study, we investigated the signaling pathways through which OC activated apoptosis in HeLa cells. We also compared the IC(50) values of OC with that of @entity10 , @entity7 and @entity12 in @entity1 cell lines including @entity8 and @entity6 overexpressing cells. In addition, the in vivo antitumor effect of OC was studied in @entity2 model. Our results showed that OC induced a caspase-dependent apoptosis by triggering a series of events in HeLa cells including @entity5 translocation, @entity11 release, @entity4 activation, chromosome fragmentation followed by @entity13 activation, Bid cleavage and eventually cell death. Addition of a pan-caspase inhibitor or overexpression of an anti-apoptotic protein, @entity9 , prevented OC-induced cell death. Moreover, OC exhibited a wide anticancer spectrum in @entity1 cell lines with comparable IC(50) values, regardless of the expression levels of @entity8 and @entity6 . In contrast, the IC(50) values of three clinical anticancer drugs, @entity10 , @entity7 and @entity12 were significantly elevated in @entity8 and/or @entity6 overexpressing cells. Furthermore, OC showed a similar antitumor effect but lower general @entity3 than @entity10 against xenografted @entity0 @entity1 in @entity2 model. All these data suggested that OC is a promising apoptosis inducer with the potential to be developed into a clinical anticancer drug.

title: A new anticancer compound, @entity14 , inhibits XXXX growth and promotes apoptosis in HeLa cells through @entity5 activation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity14 (OC) was identified as a potent apoptosis inducer from an herbal plant, Garcinia yunnanensis, during our previous bioassay-guided drug screening. In this study, we investigated the signaling pathways through which OC activated apoptosis in HeLa cells. We also compared the IC(50) values of OC with that of @entity10 , @entity7 and @entity12 in @entity1 cell lines including @entity8 and @entity6 overexpressing cells. In addition, the in vivo antitumor effect of OC was studied in @entity2 model. Our results showed that OC induced a caspase-dependent apoptosis by triggering a series of events in HeLa cells including @entity5 translocation, @entity11 release, @entity4 activation, chromosome fragmentation followed by @entity13 activation, Bid cleavage and eventually cell death. Addition of a pan-caspase inhibitor or overexpression of an anti-apoptotic protein, @entity9 , prevented OC-induced cell death. Moreover, OC exhibited a wide anticancer spectrum in @entity1 cell lines with comparable IC(50) values, regardless of the expression levels of @entity8 and @entity6 . In contrast, the IC(50) values of three clinical anticancer drugs, @entity10 , @entity7 and @entity12 were significantly elevated in @entity8 and/or @entity6 overexpressing cells. Furthermore, OC showed a similar antitumor effect but lower general @entity3 than @entity10 against xenografted @entity0 @entity1 in @entity2 model. All these data suggested that OC is a promising apoptosis inducer with the potential to be developed into a clinical anticancer drug.

title: A new anticancer compound, XXXX , inhibits @entity1 growth and promotes apoptosis in HeLa cells through @entity5 activation.

answer: @entity14


abstract: @entity14 (OC) was identified as a potent apoptosis inducer from an herbal plant, Garcinia yunnanensis, during our previous bioassay-guided drug screening. In this study, we investigated the signaling pathways through which OC activated apoptosis in HeLa cells. We also compared the IC(50) values of OC with that of @entity10 , @entity7 and @entity12 in @entity1 cell lines including @entity8 and @entity6 overexpressing cells. In addition, the in vivo antitumor effect of OC was studied in @entity2 model. Our results showed that OC induced a caspase-dependent apoptosis by triggering a series of events in HeLa cells including @entity5 translocation, @entity11 release, @entity4 activation, chromosome fragmentation followed by @entity13 activation, Bid cleavage and eventually cell death. Addition of a pan-caspase inhibitor or overexpression of an anti-apoptotic protein, @entity9 , prevented OC-induced cell death. Moreover, OC exhibited a wide anticancer spectrum in @entity1 cell lines with comparable IC(50) values, regardless of the expression levels of @entity8 and @entity6 . In contrast, the IC(50) values of three clinical anticancer drugs, @entity10 , @entity7 and @entity12 were significantly elevated in @entity8 and/or @entity6 overexpressing cells. Furthermore, OC showed a similar antitumor effect but lower general @entity3 than @entity10 against xenografted @entity0 @entity1 in @entity2 model. All these data suggested that OC is a promising apoptosis inducer with the potential to be developed into a clinical anticancer drug.

title: A new anticancer compound, @entity14 , inhibits @entity1 growth and promotes apoptosis in HeLa cells through XXXX activation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity3 with @entity5 gene translocations are a complication of primary @entity1 treatment with DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors. How early translocations appear during primary @entity1 treatment has not been investigated. We tracked the leukemic clone with an @entity5 gene translocation during @entity2 therapy in a @entity0 who developed @entity4 . The karyotype of the leukemic clone showed del(11)(q23). We used panhandle PCR-based methods to isolate the breakpoint junction involving @entity5 and an unknown partner gene. Marrow DNA from @entity2 diagnosis and DNA and RNA from serial preleukemic marrows were examined for the translocation. The karyotypic del(11)(q23) was a cryptic t(11;17). @entity6 , a growth arrest-specific gene at chromosome band 17p13, was the partner gene of @entity5 . Two different @entity6 fusion transcripts were expressed. The translocation was already detectable by 1.5 months after the start of @entity2 treatment. The translocation was not detectable in the marrow at @entity2 diagnosis or in peripheral blood lymphocyte DNAs of six normal subjects. @entity6 is a new partner gene of @entity5 in treatment-related @entity4 . @entity5 gene translocations can be present early during anticancer treatment at low cumulative doses of DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors. Although @entity5 has many partner genes and most have not been characterized, panhandle PCR strategies afford new means for detecting @entity5 gene translocations early during therapy when the partner gene is unknown.

title: Detection of XXXX -associated @entity6 translocation early during chemotherapy with DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 with @entity5 gene translocations are a complication of primary @entity1 treatment with DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors. How early translocations appear during primary @entity1 treatment has not been investigated. We tracked the leukemic clone with an @entity5 gene translocation during @entity2 therapy in a @entity0 who developed @entity4 . The karyotype of the leukemic clone showed del(11)(q23). We used panhandle PCR-based methods to isolate the breakpoint junction involving @entity5 and an unknown partner gene. Marrow DNA from @entity2 diagnosis and DNA and RNA from serial preleukemic marrows were examined for the translocation. The karyotypic del(11)(q23) was a cryptic t(11;17). @entity6 , a growth arrest-specific gene at chromosome band 17p13, was the partner gene of @entity5 . Two different @entity6 fusion transcripts were expressed. The translocation was already detectable by 1.5 months after the start of @entity2 treatment. The translocation was not detectable in the marrow at @entity2 diagnosis or in peripheral blood lymphocyte DNAs of six normal subjects. @entity6 is a new partner gene of @entity5 in treatment-related @entity4 . @entity5 gene translocations can be present early during anticancer treatment at low cumulative doses of DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors. Although @entity5 has many partner genes and most have not been characterized, panhandle PCR strategies afford new means for detecting @entity5 gene translocations early during therapy when the partner gene is unknown.

title: Detection of @entity3 -associated XXXX translocation early during chemotherapy with DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors.

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIMS: To determine the @entity3 and efficacy of isolated hepatic perfusion with @entity1 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity4 ) and melphalan (Alkeran) under mild hyperthermic conditions. METHODS: A phase I trial was performed. Eleven @entity0 with unresectable metastatic @entity6 were pre-treated with 3 x 10(6) U leukocyte IFN daily 2 days before the perfusion. The liver was isolated and inflow catheters inserted in the hepatic artery and the portal vein. The hepatic veins were drained via a catheter in the retrohepatic caval vein. The venous blood flow from the lower extremities and the splanchnic circulation was bypassed to the axillar vein. The liver circuit was perfused with oxygenated blood and 30-200 microg @entity4 was added. At 39 degrees C in the liver circuit 0.5 mg/kg @entity11 was added and the perfusion was continued for 1 h. RESULTS: Six @entity0 underwent re-operation due to @entity7 . Two @entity0 died of @entity9 or @entity8 within the first post-operative month. Three of six @entity0 with liver metastases from @entity5 or @entity10 showed a partial response while no @entity0 with liver metastases from @entity2 showed any response. The mean survival time was 20 months, which is within the same range as seen in previous isolated hepatic perfusion (IHP) studies. CONCLUSIONS: IHP with this drug regimen is a method with a considerable @entity3 , though it is hard to distinguish between @entity3 from @entity4 and that from the perfusion procedure itself. The method was not effective in @entity0 with @entity2 , but the results in @entity5 and @entity10 @entity0 warrant further studies.

title: Isolated hepatic perfusion with extracorporeal oxygenation using hyperthermia, XXXX necrosis factor alpha and melphalan.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To report the use of laparoscopic Intraperitoneal Hyperthermic Chemotherapy (LIPHC) in the treatment of @entity2 . METHODS: From September 2001 to December 2003, 14 @entity1 between the age of 56 and 78years were treated. Ascites was from @entity6 (5 cases), @entity3 (3 cases), @entity4 (3 cases), @entity0 (2 cases) and peritoneal mesothelioma (1 case). The LIPHC was carried out at 42 degrees C for 90 min with 1.5% @entity7 solution as a carrier. Chemotherapy was @entity9 and @entity8 or @entity10 depending on the type of @entity2 . The drains were left in situ after surgery and removed when perfuse drainage ceased. RESULTS: Ascites was controlled in all the treated cases. A CT scan performed in follow-up showed a small, clinically undetectable, fluid accumulation in the pelvis of one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This method resulted in benefit for those peritoneal @entity5 @entity1 with debilitating @entity2 who were excluded from cytoreductive surgery. Proficiency in laparoscopic staging procedures and experience in the management of @entity5 and intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy (IPHC) are required for the success of the procedure.

title: Laparoscopic intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy for palliation of debilitating XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A 13-year-old Korean @entity0 is reported here as a case of mixed @entity2 . The @entity0 presented with perineal @entity3 . He had scrotal testis, epididymis, @entity4 on right side, and abdominal streak gonad, Fallopian tube on left side. He had also uterus and vagina. His chromosome was 46XY type. Among 59 reported cases in Japan, 12 had undergone plasty into male. All of them had @entity3 . In 51 cases, 17 had testes in scrotum. None of them had a @entity1 . So we decided to do plasty in male, and to follow up his testis quite carefully.

title: [Mixed XXXX with plasty in males].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies of chromosomal region 13q14 were performed to investigate the incidence and clinical importance of deletions in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Monoallelic deletions of the @entity2 -1 (rb-1) gene and the D13S319 locus were observed in 48 of 104 @entity0 (46.2%) and in 28 of 72 (38.9%) @entity0 , respectively, with newly diagnosed @entity3 . FISH studies found that 13q14 was deleted in all 17 @entity0 with karyotypic evidence of monosomy 13 or deletion of 13q but also in 9 of 19 @entity0 with apparently normal karyotypes. @entity0 with a 13q14 deletion were more likely to have @entity1 (P =.022), higher serum levels of @entity5 (P =.059), and a higher percentage of bone marrow plasma cells (P =.085) than @entity0 with a normal 13q14 status on FISH analysis. In @entity0 with a deletion of 13q14, @entity3 cell proliferation (Ki-67) was markedly increased (22.0% +/- 6.9% compared with 15.6% +/- 8.2% in @entity0 without the deletion; P =.0008). Evaluation of @entity4 incorporation in 5 @entity0 revealed that both rb-1-deleted and rb-1-normal @entity3 subpopulations were proliferative. The presence of a 13q14 deletion on FISH analysis was associated with a significantly lower rate of response to conventional-dose chemotherapy (40.8% compared with 78. 6%; P =.009) and a shorter overall survival (24.2 months compared with > 60 months; P <.005) than in @entity0 without the deletion. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors confirmed the independent predictive value of 13q14 deletions for shortened survival. In conclusion, deletions of 13q14 are frequently detected by interphase FISH in @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity3 , correlate with increased proliferative activity, and represent an independent adverse prognostic feature in @entity3 . (Blood. 2000;95:1925-1930)

title: Deletion of 13q14 remains an independent adverse prognostic variable in XXXX despite its frequent detection by interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 is a salient feature of @entity4 ; however, its causes and mechanisms are unclear The possibility that it could occur through an apoptotic process has been postulated and is consistent with the lack of @entity2 in prion disorders as supported by experimental studies. In order to test this hypothesis in @entity0 , we examined samples of frontal and temporal cerebral cortex, striatum, thalamus, and cerebellum from 16 @entity0 who died from @entity5 . They included 5 sporadic cases, 5 familial, 3 iatrogenic, and 3 cases with the new variant. These were compared with age and sex matched controls. Using in situ end labelling, we identified apoptotic neurons in all the cases of @entity5 . A single labelled neuron was found in the eldest control. Apoptotic neurons were mostly found in damaged regions and their presence and abundance seemed to correlate closely with @entity3 . This supports the view that apoptosis of neurons is a feature of @entity4 and may contribute to the @entity3 which is one of the main characteristics of these conditions. Neuronal apoptosis also correlated well with microglial activation, as demonstrated by the expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigens, and @entity1 , as identified by beta-amyloid protein precursor immunostaining. In contrast, we found no obvious relationship between the topography and severity of neuronal apoptosis and the type, topography, and abundance of @entity6 deposits as demonstrated by immunocytochemistry.

title: Neuronal apoptosis in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: To evaluate the role of intracellular @entity2 and particularly @entity1 -uptake in the initiation of lymphocyte mitogenesis, the effect of @entity5 , which blocks both L- and T-type @entity2 channels with a more selective blockade of T-type channels, on the proliferation of @entity0 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is compared with the effect of @entity3 , which blocks only the L-type @entity2 channel. The rate of @entity4 incorporation into control and concanavalin A-stimulated PBMCs in the presence or absence of the @entity2 channel blockers @entity5 or @entity3 (1, 10, or 50 microM), and of the intracellular @entity2 antagonist @entity8 ( @entity8 ; 1, 10, 25, or 50 microM) was assayed in the cells cultured for 3 days. The cellular cytotoxicity and the cell number in growing cultures also was determined in @entity5 - or @entity3 -treated control or stimulated cells. Restoration of the proliferative response in @entity5 - or @entity3 -treated cells was investigated by addition of exogenous @entity6 . @entity6 -receptor expression in the cells was monitored by using anti-activated T-cell antigen (Tac) antibody, and the @entity6 production in the cell supernatants of the cultures was determined by an enzyme-amplified sensitive immunoassay. @entity5 and @entity3 concentration-dependently reduced the cell number and the @entity4 incorporation or the de novo DNA synthesis in control and concanavalin A-stimulated @entity0 PBMCs. @entity5 exhibited a more pronounced inhibition of the proliferation of @entity0 PBMCs than did @entity3 . The inhibitory effect of @entity5 or @entity3 on DNA synthesis was dependent on the timing of treatment with the drugs. The inhibitory effect of @entity5 or @entity3 on the lymphoproliferative response was nearly abolished if the drugs were added 20 h after cell stimulation. A markedly reduced inhibitory effect was found when @entity5 or @entity3 was added 1-7 h after cell stimulation. However, regardless of time of addition, TMB-8 caused a persistent inhibition of the proliferation of @entity0 PBMCs. The inhibitory effect of @entity5 or @entity3 on the proliferation of @entity0 PBMCs is nearly abolished by addition of the @entity2 channel activator @entity7 . The proliferative response of @entity5 - or @entity3 -treated cells is restored by addition of exogenous @entity6 . The normal expression of @entity6 receptors was preserved, whereas the @entity6 production was blocked in the presence of @entity5 or @entity3 . Our data show that @entity5 has a more pronounced inhibitory effect on the proliferation of @entity0 PBMCs than @entity3 and that this inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis is dependent on the timing of treatment with both drugs.

title: XXXX -induced inhibition of proliferation of @entity0 peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

answer: @entity5


abstract: To evaluate the role of intracellular @entity2 and particularly @entity1 -uptake in the initiation of lymphocyte mitogenesis, the effect of @entity5 , which blocks both L- and T-type @entity2 channels with a more selective blockade of T-type channels, on the proliferation of @entity0 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is compared with the effect of @entity3 , which blocks only the L-type @entity2 channel. The rate of @entity4 incorporation into control and concanavalin A-stimulated PBMCs in the presence or absence of the @entity2 channel blockers @entity5 or @entity3 (1, 10, or 50 microM), and of the intracellular @entity2 antagonist @entity8 ( @entity8 ; 1, 10, 25, or 50 microM) was assayed in the cells cultured for 3 days. The cellular cytotoxicity and the cell number in growing cultures also was determined in @entity5 - or @entity3 -treated control or stimulated cells. Restoration of the proliferative response in @entity5 - or @entity3 -treated cells was investigated by addition of exogenous @entity6 . @entity6 -receptor expression in the cells was monitored by using anti-activated T-cell antigen (Tac) antibody, and the @entity6 production in the cell supernatants of the cultures was determined by an enzyme-amplified sensitive immunoassay. @entity5 and @entity3 concentration-dependently reduced the cell number and the @entity4 incorporation or the de novo DNA synthesis in control and concanavalin A-stimulated @entity0 PBMCs. @entity5 exhibited a more pronounced inhibition of the proliferation of @entity0 PBMCs than did @entity3 . The inhibitory effect of @entity5 or @entity3 on DNA synthesis was dependent on the timing of treatment with the drugs. The inhibitory effect of @entity5 or @entity3 on the lymphoproliferative response was nearly abolished if the drugs were added 20 h after cell stimulation. A markedly reduced inhibitory effect was found when @entity5 or @entity3 was added 1-7 h after cell stimulation. However, regardless of time of addition, TMB-8 caused a persistent inhibition of the proliferation of @entity0 PBMCs. The inhibitory effect of @entity5 or @entity3 on the proliferation of @entity0 PBMCs is nearly abolished by addition of the @entity2 channel activator @entity7 . The proliferative response of @entity5 - or @entity3 -treated cells is restored by addition of exogenous @entity6 . The normal expression of @entity6 receptors was preserved, whereas the @entity6 production was blocked in the presence of @entity5 or @entity3 . Our data show that @entity5 has a more pronounced inhibitory effect on the proliferation of @entity0 PBMCs than @entity3 and that this inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis is dependent on the timing of treatment with both drugs.

title: @entity5 -induced inhibition of proliferation of XXXX peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is one of the most peculiar of @entity0 expressions and has become a cardinal symptom of @entity1 . The pathophysiology is unclear and the prevalence is unknown. Thoracoscopic sympathectomy may cure the symptom, but very few surgeons treat @entity0 with isolated @entity2 . The literature is limited, and there are few long-term follow-up studies. METHODS: A follow-up study by questionnaire in 180 consecutive @entity0 who underwent thoracoscopic sympathectomy for isolated @entity2 at two Danish university hospitals during a 6-year period. @entity0 routinely underwent T2 sympathectomy at the university hospital in Aarhus (n = 101) and T2-T3 sympathectomy at the university hospital in Odense (n = 79). RESULTS: The questionnaire was returned by 96% of the @entity0 after a median follow-up time of 20 months. Overall, 90% of the @entity0 had some effect from the operation, and the result was excellent or satisfactory in 75%. There was no significant difference between the two extents of sympathectomy. @entity3 occurred in 88% of all @entity0 and was significantly more frequent after T2-T3 sympathectomy (p = 0.02) Ten percent of our @entity0 regretted the operation because of side effects or no effect of the operation. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that thoracoscopic sympathectomy is an effective treatment for isolated @entity2 . The majority of @entity0 achieve an excellent or satisfactory long-term result. Our results suggest that a T2 sympathectomy is superior for @entity0 with isolated @entity2 because side effects are lower compared with a T2-T3 sympathectomy.

title: Thoracoscopic sympathectomy for isolated XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the initial clinical efficacy of a plugged, bullet-shaped, angled stent for managing @entity3 . DESCRIPTION: The stent consisted of two parts. The body part had a diameter of 18 approximately 25 mm and was 30 mm long in a tubular configuration covered with @entity1 at the lower part. The bronchial limb was a bullet-shaped configuration with a dead end, 11 approximately 14 mm in diameter, 10 approximately 30 mm long covered with @entity1 . The body part and the bronchial limb were connected at the angled portion without overlap with use of @entity2 wire and @entity1 . The stents were placed in 6 @entity0 under fluoroscopic guidance. EVALUATION: Stent placement was technically successful in all @entity0 without complications. Immediate closure of the @entity3 was achieved in all @entity0 after stent placement. Follow-up of 4 approximately 16 months, permanent closure of the @entity3 was achieved in 4 @entity0 (66.67%), and permanent closure of the @entity3 was achieved in 5 @entity0 (83.33%). No complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Closure of the @entity3 with the stent was a simple, safe, and effective procedure.

title: A novel approach: treatment of XXXX with a plugged, bullet-shaped, angled stent.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In 1996, 250 @entity0 living in the Dongting-Lake region of China were selected for a 2-year study. All had been or were infected with @entity2 . All were treated with @entity1 , although eggs of @entity3 were only detected in stool samples from 75 of the subjects. In 1998, 213 (85.5%) of these subjects, then with a mean (S.D.) age of 40.2 (14.2) years, provided stool samples for final assessment. Forty-nine (23%) of the 213 were found to be re-infected in 1998, with a geometric mean intensity of infection among the infected of 64.5 eggs/g faeces. The rate of re-infection was highest among those aged < 10 years, declining with increasing age, and higher in males than females (27.3% v. 8.3%; P < 0.005). The mean intensity of infection among the infected males was also higher than that among the infected females [72.4 (4.8) v. 17.8 (2.5) eggs/g; P < 0.005]. Water contact by the subjects was estimated from activity diaries, for 141 days over the 2-year study period, and expressed as skin exposure, in m2-min/day. The mean exposure of a group of subjects was calculated by detransforming the mean of the fourth-root-transformed (i.e. normalized) values for the exposures of each subject within the group. Overall, the 213 individuals had a mean exposure of 6.2 m2-min/day. Differences in occupation led to males having much higher mean water exposures than females (9.2 v. 1.1 m2-min/day). As there was an inverse association between age-specific exposure and age-specific re-infection intensity, the marked reduction seen in intensity of re-infection with increasing age is not attributable to decreasing exposure to water. Instead, the results of this 2-year cohort study provide evidence for age-dependent resistance to re-infection with @entity3 . The 213 subjects who were followed up were classified, according to epidemiological outcome at the end of the study and the data on water contact, as 'susceptible' (N = 49; 23%), 'insusceptible' (N = 29; 13.6%) or of 'uncertain status' (N = 135; 63.4%). Thus, 78 subjects who are potentially informative in terms of immunogenetics were identified. Further investigation of these individuals should help to shed some light on the role of immunogenetic status in @entity0 immunity to @entity2 .

title: A 2-year prospective study in China provides epidemiological evidence for resistance in @entity0 to re-infection with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In 1996, 250 @entity0 living in the Dongting-Lake region of China were selected for a 2-year study. All had been or were infected with @entity2 . All were treated with @entity1 , although eggs of @entity3 were only detected in stool samples from 75 of the subjects. In 1998, 213 (85.5%) of these subjects, then with a mean (S.D.) age of 40.2 (14.2) years, provided stool samples for final assessment. Forty-nine (23%) of the 213 were found to be re-infected in 1998, with a geometric mean intensity of infection among the infected of 64.5 eggs/g faeces. The rate of re-infection was highest among those aged < 10 years, declining with increasing age, and higher in males than females (27.3% v. 8.3%; P < 0.005). The mean intensity of infection among the infected males was also higher than that among the infected females [72.4 (4.8) v. 17.8 (2.5) eggs/g; P < 0.005]. Water contact by the subjects was estimated from activity diaries, for 141 days over the 2-year study period, and expressed as skin exposure, in m2-min/day. The mean exposure of a group of subjects was calculated by detransforming the mean of the fourth-root-transformed (i.e. normalized) values for the exposures of each subject within the group. Overall, the 213 individuals had a mean exposure of 6.2 m2-min/day. Differences in occupation led to males having much higher mean water exposures than females (9.2 v. 1.1 m2-min/day). As there was an inverse association between age-specific exposure and age-specific re-infection intensity, the marked reduction seen in intensity of re-infection with increasing age is not attributable to decreasing exposure to water. Instead, the results of this 2-year cohort study provide evidence for age-dependent resistance to re-infection with @entity3 . The 213 subjects who were followed up were classified, according to epidemiological outcome at the end of the study and the data on water contact, as 'susceptible' (N = 49; 23%), 'insusceptible' (N = 29; 13.6%) or of 'uncertain status' (N = 135; 63.4%). Thus, 78 subjects who are potentially informative in terms of immunogenetics were identified. Further investigation of these individuals should help to shed some light on the role of immunogenetic status in @entity0 immunity to @entity2 .

title: A 2-year prospective study in China provides epidemiological evidence for resistance in XXXX to re-infection with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: First, to determine the effects of @entity2 surgery on subjectively experienced @entity1 in a defined population, at a specific frequency of surgery. Secondly, to validate questionnaire data regarding the visual function of @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: A prospective population-based investigation of the subjective visual functional and visual acuity outcomes of @entity2 surgery over a 1 year time interval at one institution was conducted. All operated cases (n = 459) were grouped into three levels of @entity1 , according to the preoperative visual acuities of their better eyes. Subjective reading, TV watching, distance estimation and ability to orientate in unfamiliar surroundings, before and after surgery, were assessed using self-administered questionnaires. The subjective outcomes were related to the subjects' post-operative visual acuities. The statistical evaluations comprised analyses of variance, Yates'-corrected chi-squared tests, weighted kappa and correlation statistics. RESULTS: The pre-operative subjective @entity1 of the @entity0 were significantly correlated with the pre-operative visual acuities of the @entity0 ' better eyes. There was an improvement in subjective reading ability, distance estimation and ability to orientate in unfamiliar surroundings for most @entity0 at all three pre-operative visual acuity levels. After surgery there was a stronger correlation between the subjective functional improvement and the increase in visual acuity for the operated eye than for the better eye. CONCLUSIONS: An incidence of @entity2 surgery of 3.3 per 1000 population for the year the present study was conducted seems not to be an over-utilisation of resources. Irrespective of the visual acuity level before @entity2 surgery, the vast majority of @entity0 gain better subjective visual function and better acuity after surgery. It is possible to gain valid information from @entity2 surgery @entity0 using a short questionnaire.

title: Impact of XXXX surgery on visual acuity and subjective functional outcomes: a population-based study in Sweden.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Lysosomal membranes contain two highly glycosylated proteins, designated @entity2 and @entity1 , as major components. @entity2 and @entity1 are structurally related. To investigate the physiological role of @entity2 , we have generated @entity0 deficient for this protein. @entity2 -deficient @entity0 are viable and fertile. In @entity2 -deficient brain, a mild regional astrogliosis and altered immunoreactivity against @entity3 was observed. Histological and ultrastructural analyses of all other tissues did not reveal abnormalities. Lysosomal properties, such as enzyme activities, lysosomal pH, osmotic stability, density, shape, and subcellular distribution were not changed in comparison with controls. Western blot analyses of @entity2 -deficient and heterozygote tissues revealed an up-regulation of the @entity1 protein pointing to a compensatory effect of @entity1 in response to the @entity2 deficiency. The increase of @entity1 was neither correlated with an increase in the level of @entity1 mRNAs nor with increased half-life time of @entity1 . This findings suggest a translational regulation of @entity1 expression.

title: Normal lysosomal morphology and function in XXXX -deficient @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Lysosomal membranes contain two highly glycosylated proteins, designated @entity2 and @entity1 , as major components. @entity2 and @entity1 are structurally related. To investigate the physiological role of @entity2 , we have generated @entity0 deficient for this protein. @entity2 -deficient @entity0 are viable and fertile. In @entity2 -deficient brain, a mild regional astrogliosis and altered immunoreactivity against @entity3 was observed. Histological and ultrastructural analyses of all other tissues did not reveal abnormalities. Lysosomal properties, such as enzyme activities, lysosomal pH, osmotic stability, density, shape, and subcellular distribution were not changed in comparison with controls. Western blot analyses of @entity2 -deficient and heterozygote tissues revealed an up-regulation of the @entity1 protein pointing to a compensatory effect of @entity1 in response to the @entity2 deficiency. The increase of @entity1 was neither correlated with an increase in the level of @entity1 mRNAs nor with increased half-life time of @entity1 . This findings suggest a translational regulation of @entity1 expression.

title: Normal lysosomal morphology and function in @entity2 -deficient XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of drug eluting stents (DES) in @entity0 with a successfully recanalized chronic total occlusion (CTO) has been associated with a significant decrease in the need for repeat revascularization, and a favorable short-term clinical outcome when compared with the use of bare metal stents (BMS). Our group, however, has previously reported similar rates of @entity1 revascularisation (TLR) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 3 years follow-up in @entity0 with a successfully opened CTO who were treated with either a @entity4 eluting stent (SES) or a BMS. The objective of this report was to evaluate the outcomes of these @entity0 at 5-years clinical follow-up. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 140 (BMS 64, SES 76) @entity0 with successfully opened CTOs were included. Seven @entity0 died in the BMS group whilst nine @entity0 died in the SES group (P = 0.90). @entity2 was the major component of all-cause mortality (11 noncardiac deaths vs. 5 cardiac). There were two and three @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the BMS and SES group, respectively (P = 1.0). The composite of @entity2 and @entity3 occurred in seven (10.9%) and eleven (14.5%) @entity0 in the BMS and SES group, respectively (P = 0.53). Clinically driven TLR was performed in eight @entity0 (12.5%) in the BMS group, and five (6.6%) in the SES group (P = 0.26). Non-TLR target vessel revascularization was performed in one @entity0 in the BMS group, and four in the SES group (P = 0.37). The 5-year device-oriented cumulative MACE rate was 15.6% and 11.8% in the BMS and SES group, respectively (P = 0.56). CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with a successfully treated CTO, clinical outcome after 5 years was similar between SES and BMS, however, clinically driven TLR was slightly higher in the BMS group.

title: Five-year clinical outcomes after coronary stenting of chronic total occlusion using XXXX -eluting stents: insights from the @entity4 -eluting stent evaluated at Rotterdam Cardiology Hospital-(Research) Registry.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of drug eluting stents (DES) in @entity0 with a successfully recanalized chronic total occlusion (CTO) has been associated with a significant decrease in the need for repeat revascularization, and a favorable short-term clinical outcome when compared with the use of bare metal stents (BMS). Our group, however, has previously reported similar rates of @entity1 revascularisation (TLR) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 3 years follow-up in @entity0 with a successfully opened CTO who were treated with either a @entity4 eluting stent (SES) or a BMS. The objective of this report was to evaluate the outcomes of these @entity0 at 5-years clinical follow-up. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 140 (BMS 64, SES 76) @entity0 with successfully opened CTOs were included. Seven @entity0 died in the BMS group whilst nine @entity0 died in the SES group (P = 0.90). @entity2 was the major component of all-cause mortality (11 noncardiac deaths vs. 5 cardiac). There were two and three @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the BMS and SES group, respectively (P = 1.0). The composite of @entity2 and @entity3 occurred in seven (10.9%) and eleven (14.5%) @entity0 in the BMS and SES group, respectively (P = 0.53). Clinically driven TLR was performed in eight @entity0 (12.5%) in the BMS group, and five (6.6%) in the SES group (P = 0.26). Non-TLR target vessel revascularization was performed in one @entity0 in the BMS group, and four in the SES group (P = 0.37). The 5-year device-oriented cumulative MACE rate was 15.6% and 11.8% in the BMS and SES group, respectively (P = 0.56). CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with a successfully treated CTO, clinical outcome after 5 years was similar between SES and BMS, however, clinically driven TLR was slightly higher in the BMS group.

title: Five-year clinical outcomes after coronary stenting of chronic total occlusion using @entity4 -eluting stents: insights from the XXXX -eluting stent evaluated at Rotterdam Cardiology Hospital-(Research) Registry.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11 ( @entity11 ) is a commonly encountered @entity12 with significant renal involvement and often presents as @entity4 . The aim of the present study is to analyze clinical spectrum of @entity9 ( @entity9 ) in @entity0 with @entity11 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed 26 (males 24; females 2) @entity0 of @entity11 who were referred for evaluation of @entity9 between July 1994 - June 2007. The referral diagnosis did not include @entity11 in majority 23 (88%) of the @entity0 . @entity11 was diagnosed by at least two of the four features; (1) @entity2 , (2) serum or urine monoclonal peak, (3) Bence Jones @entity8 and (4) more than 20% plama cells in marrow aspirate. RESULTS: @entity11 contributes 1.93% of total @entity9 cases (26/1342) over a period of thirteen years. Mean age of @entity0 was 59.3 +/- 7.4 years. The clinical manifestations of @entity11 included; @entity6 (100%), Bence Jones @entity8 (80%), "M" peak in serum electrophoresis (69%), @entity2 (62%), "M" peak in urine electrophoresis (54%), @entity3 (58%), @entity16 cells more than 20% in bone marrow aspirate (38%). Oliguric @entity9 was seen in 73% @entity0 . The precipitating factors of @entity9 identified were; @entity14 (31%); @entity5 (23%); volume depletion (19%); and NSAIDs in (15%). Dialysis support was needed in 77% of the @entity0 because of severe @entity4 at presentation with mean serum @entity10 of 9.05 +/- 2.84 mg%. Seventeen @entity0 completed chemotherapy, seven last to follow up and two @entity0 died. Ten (38.5%) @entity0 had complete recovery of renal function; three @entity0 had partial recovery and off dialysis and four @entity0 remained dialysis dependent. Remission of @entity11 was achieved in nine of seventeen @entity0 treated with chemotherapy Renal biopsy finding in nine @entity0 revealed-cast @entity1 in (4), @entity15 in (3), proliferative @entity7 in (1) and cast @entity1 with chronic @entity13 and @entity16 cell infiltration in one @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Acute reversible @entity4 is a common complication in @entity11 , @entity11 should be considered as cause a cause of unexplained @entity9 in middle aged and elderly @entity0 .

title: @entity11 --presenting as XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11 ( @entity11 ) is a commonly encountered @entity12 with significant renal involvement and often presents as @entity4 . The aim of the present study is to analyze clinical spectrum of @entity9 ( @entity9 ) in @entity0 with @entity11 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed 26 (males 24; females 2) @entity0 of @entity11 who were referred for evaluation of @entity9 between July 1994 - June 2007. The referral diagnosis did not include @entity11 in majority 23 (88%) of the @entity0 . @entity11 was diagnosed by at least two of the four features; (1) @entity2 , (2) serum or urine monoclonal peak, (3) Bence Jones @entity8 and (4) more than 20% plama cells in marrow aspirate. RESULTS: @entity11 contributes 1.93% of total @entity9 cases (26/1342) over a period of thirteen years. Mean age of @entity0 was 59.3 +/- 7.4 years. The clinical manifestations of @entity11 included; @entity6 (100%), Bence Jones @entity8 (80%), "M" peak in serum electrophoresis (69%), @entity2 (62%), "M" peak in urine electrophoresis (54%), @entity3 (58%), @entity16 cells more than 20% in bone marrow aspirate (38%). Oliguric @entity9 was seen in 73% @entity0 . The precipitating factors of @entity9 identified were; @entity14 (31%); @entity5 (23%); volume depletion (19%); and NSAIDs in (15%). Dialysis support was needed in 77% of the @entity0 because of severe @entity4 at presentation with mean serum @entity10 of 9.05 +/- 2.84 mg%. Seventeen @entity0 completed chemotherapy, seven last to follow up and two @entity0 died. Ten (38.5%) @entity0 had complete recovery of renal function; three @entity0 had partial recovery and off dialysis and four @entity0 remained dialysis dependent. Remission of @entity11 was achieved in nine of seventeen @entity0 treated with chemotherapy Renal biopsy finding in nine @entity0 revealed-cast @entity1 in (4), @entity15 in (3), proliferative @entity7 in (1) and cast @entity1 with chronic @entity13 and @entity16 cell infiltration in one @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Acute reversible @entity4 is a common complication in @entity11 , @entity11 should be considered as cause a cause of unexplained @entity9 in middle aged and elderly @entity0 .

title: XXXX --presenting as @entity9 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity13 ( @entity13 ) is a @entity3 characterized by @entity4 , @entity10 , and systemic @entity7 . Renal involvement is not regarded as a prominent feature, and its prevalence and severity vary widely in published reports that usually refer to small series of selected @entity0 . METHODS: We examined the prevalence, clinicopathologic features, and prognosis of @entity1 in 116 @entity0 with @entity13 . RESULTS: There were 48 @entity0 and 68 @entity0 with a mean age of 51.9 years (range, 18 to 86 years). Signs of @entity1 were present in 31 @entity0 (26.7%). Rapidly progressive @entity2 was documented in 16 @entity0 (13.8%); @entity9 , 14 @entity0 (12.1%); and chronic @entity1 , 1 @entity0 . There were 3 additional cases of @entity12 . Sixteen @entity0 underwent renal biopsy, which showed necrotizing crescentic @entity5 in 11 @entity0 . Other diagnoses were eosinophilic @entity11 , @entity5 , and focal @entity8 . Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) was positive in 21 of 28 @entity0 (75.0%) with @entity1 versus 19 of 74 @entity0 without (25.7%; P < 0.001). In particular, all @entity0 with necrotizing crescentic @entity5 were ANCA positive. After a median follow-up of 4.5 years, 10 @entity0 died (5 @entity0 with @entity1 ) and 7 @entity0 developed mild @entity6 . Five-year mortality rates were 11.7% (95% confidence interval, 3.9 to 33.3) in @entity0 with @entity1 and 2.7% (95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 10.7) in those without (P = 0.10). CONCLUSION: @entity1 are present in about one quarter of @entity0 with @entity13 . The prevailing picture is ANCA-associated necrotizing crescentic @entity5 ; however, other forms of @entity1 also may occur. Outcome and long-term follow-up usually are good.

title: Renal involvement in XXXX .

answer: @entity13


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical characteristic and surgical treatment of cervicothoracic spine @entity2 complicated with @entity3 . METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity0 with cervicothoracic @entity2 and @entity3 were retrospectively analyzed from January 1998 to January 2007. There were 29 males and 9 females with an average age of 36.4 years ranging from 18 to 58 years. All @entity0 suffered from @entity1 and limitation of motion on cervicothoracic junction. According to American @entity4 Association (ASIA) grades, 4 cases were in grade A, 13 cases in grade B, 10 cases in grade C, 7 cases in grade D and 4 cases in grade E. All @entity0 were treated with anterior decompressed, bone graft and Zephir plate fixation in cervicothoracic spine. RESULTS: All @entity0 were followed up for 1 to 10 years, the mean followed up time was 4.5 years. And all @entity0 got complete bone fusion within 4 to 6 months postoperatively. There were no pull-out and breakage of screws or plates. Spinal cord functional recovery improved on average 3.8 degree according AISA standard. Two @entity0 appeared transient hoarse voice after surgery, the symptoms were alleviated from 3 to 6 months after operation. Seven @entity0 were complicated with @entity5 preoperatively, and the symptoms were disappeared after operation. CONCLUSION: The clinical situation of cervicothoracic spine @entity2 with @entity3 is complicated. And anterior decompressed, bone graft and internal fixation performed on cervicothoracic spine @entity2 can achieve an efficient and safe clinical outcome.

title: [Characteristic and surgical treatment of cervicothoracic spine XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study describes the sensations and @entity1 reported by @entity0 with unilateral lower extremity amputations. @entity0 (n = 92) were recruited from two hospitals to complete the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire which included questions about amputation related sensations and @entity1 . Using a visual analog scale, @entity0 reported the frequency, intensity, and @entity3 and @entity3 . A survey of medication use for each category of sensations also was included. Statistical analyses revealed that @entity3 were common and more frequent than phantom limb @entity1 . Residual limb @entity1 and @entity2 were also common after amputation. Back @entity1 surprisingly was rated as more bothersome than phantom limb @entity1 or residual limb @entity1 . Back @entity1 was significantly more common in @entity0 with above knee amputations. These results support the importance of looking at @entity1 as a multidimensional rather than a unidimensional construct. They also suggest that @entity2 after lower extremity amputation may be an overlooked but very important @entity1 problem warranting additional clinical attention and study.

title: Phantom limb, XXXX after lower extremity amputations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The efficacy and safety of two polyvalent horse-derived antivenoms in Bothrops asper envenomings were tested in a randomized, double-blind, clinical trial performed in Colombia. Both antivenoms were manufactured from the same pool of hyperimmune plasma. Antivenom A was made of F(ab')2 fragments, generated by pepsin digestion and @entity8 precipitation, whereas antivenom B consisted of whole IgG molecules produced by @entity8 precipitation followed by ion-exchange chromatography. Besides the different nature of the active substance, antivenom B had higher protein concentration, slightly higher turbidity and aggregate content. No significant differences were observed in the efficacy of antivenoms. Both halted local and systemic @entity1 (P = 0.40) within 6-12 h of treatment in 100% of the cases, and @entity6 (P = 0.87) within 6-24 h in 84.7% of @entity0 , and within 48 h in all of them, in agreement with restoration of plasma fibrinogen concentration. Venom concentrations in serum dropped significantly (P < 0.001), to very low levels, 1 h after antivenom infusion. Nevertheless, eight @entity0 (11.1%), four for each antivenom, presented recurrence of venom antigenaemia at different times, from 6 to 96 h, with clinical significance ( @entity6 ) only in one group B @entity0 (2.9%). Serum @entity5 kinase (CK) activity was increased, as a consequence of local myonecrosis. There was no significant difference (P = 0.51) in the incidence of early adverse reactions to antivenom administration (28.9% for @entity0 of group A and 20.6% for @entity0 of group B), most of the reactions being mild, mainly cutaneous. The most frequent complications were @entity7 (16.7%), @entity2 formation (5.6%), @entity4 (8.3%), and @entity3 (5.6%). In conclusion, IgG and F(ab')2 antivenoms, prepared by @entity8 fractionation, presented similar efficacy and safety profiles for the treatment of B. asper envenomings in Colombia.

title: Comparative study of the efficacy and safety of two polyvalent, XXXX fractionated [IgG and F(ab')2] antivenoms, in Bothrops asper bites in Colombia.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The prevalence of antibodies to the 65 kDa isoform of @entity3 decarboxylase (GADA) was compared with that of islet cell antibodies ( @entity4 ) in 614 non- @entity1 Estonian @entity0 (314 males) aged 3-18 years representing the general population. GADA were analyzed with a radioligand assay, and @entity4 with a standard immunofluorescence method with a detection limit of 2.5 @entity1 Foundation (JDF) units. Fourteen subjects (2.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-3.5%) tested positive for GADA (median level 10.8 relative units [RU], range 7.7-154.2 RU), while 10 (1.6%, CI 0.6-2.6%) had @entity4 (median levels 34 JDF units, range 3-97 JDF units). Five subjects (0.8%, CI 0.1-1.5%; p = 0.03 vs GADA and 0.15 vs @entity4 ) were double positive. The individual with the second highest GADA level (129.3 RU) and the highest @entity4 level (97 JDF units) presented with type 1 @entity1 4 months later. A follow-up sample was obtained approximately 3-4 years after the first sampling in 14 subjects initially positive for @entity4 and/or GADA. Four of the nine initially @entity4 -positive @entity0 remained positive, but their levels decreased from a median of 42 to 18 JDF units (p = 0.06). Only two of the nine retested subjects initially positive for GADA remained positive in the second sample. These observations suggest that the prevalence of GADA in non- @entity1 @entity0 is of the same magnitude as that of @entity4 . Combined positivity for both GADA and @entity4 is less prevalent than single antibody specificities, indicating that double autoantibody positivity may have a higher predictive value for future type 1 @entity1 in the general population than either antibody separately. The evanescent character of @entity1 -associated autoantibodies in a proportion of the unaffected @entity0 implies that more subjects may experience self-restricted beta-cell damage than the number progressing to @entity2 .

title: XXXX decarboxylase and islet cell antibodies in healthy Estonian @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The prevalence of antibodies to the 65 kDa isoform of @entity3 decarboxylase (GADA) was compared with that of islet cell antibodies ( @entity4 ) in 614 non- @entity1 Estonian @entity0 (314 males) aged 3-18 years representing the general population. GADA were analyzed with a radioligand assay, and @entity4 with a standard immunofluorescence method with a detection limit of 2.5 @entity1 Foundation (JDF) units. Fourteen subjects (2.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1-3.5%) tested positive for GADA (median level 10.8 relative units [RU], range 7.7-154.2 RU), while 10 (1.6%, CI 0.6-2.6%) had @entity4 (median levels 34 JDF units, range 3-97 JDF units). Five subjects (0.8%, CI 0.1-1.5%; p = 0.03 vs GADA and 0.15 vs @entity4 ) were double positive. The individual with the second highest GADA level (129.3 RU) and the highest @entity4 level (97 JDF units) presented with type 1 @entity1 4 months later. A follow-up sample was obtained approximately 3-4 years after the first sampling in 14 subjects initially positive for @entity4 and/or GADA. Four of the nine initially @entity4 -positive @entity0 remained positive, but their levels decreased from a median of 42 to 18 JDF units (p = 0.06). Only two of the nine retested subjects initially positive for GADA remained positive in the second sample. These observations suggest that the prevalence of GADA in non- @entity1 @entity0 is of the same magnitude as that of @entity4 . Combined positivity for both GADA and @entity4 is less prevalent than single antibody specificities, indicating that double autoantibody positivity may have a higher predictive value for future type 1 @entity1 in the general population than either antibody separately. The evanescent character of @entity1 -associated autoantibodies in a proportion of the unaffected @entity0 implies that more subjects may experience self-restricted beta-cell damage than the number progressing to @entity2 .

title: @entity3 decarboxylase and islet cell antibodies in healthy Estonian XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mucus hyper-secretion is a feature of several airways diseases such as chronic rhinosinusitis, @entity2 , and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Since mucins are major components of mucus, the knowledge of their distribution and regulation in nasal tissues is likely to improve mucus hyper-secretion therapy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare @entity6 gene expression at epithelial and glandular levels, and to identify potential @entity6 expression patterns for specific upper airways pathologies. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for @entity5 , @entity10 , and @entity7 - @entity12 mucins was performed on healthy nasal mucosa (NM; n=12), bilateral @entity1 ( @entity1 ; n=38), @entity1 from @entity4 @entity0 (n=10), and antrochoanal (AC) @entity3 (n=11). @entity10 , @entity7 , @entity8 , and @entity11 mRNA expression were also analysed by in situ hybridization. RESULTS: @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity8 mucins were highly expressed in the epithelium and their expression pattern was similar in all @entity1 types, @entity5 and @entity7 being increased and @entity8 decreased compared with NM. @entity12 was highly detected at both epithelial and glandular levels with marked variability between groups. @entity9 was mainly detected in glands and the expression in all polyp types was higher than in NM. Moreover, @entity9 expression was higher in @entity1 epithelia from @entity4 @entity0 than in bilateral @entity1 and healthy NM. Although @entity10 expression was low, especially in AC @entity3 , it was detected in most samples. In NM, @entity11 and @entity13 were scarcely detected and @entity13 expression was restricted to glands. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity1 have a different pattern of @entity6 expression than healthy NM and that @entity3 (increased @entity9 ) and AC @entity3 (decreased @entity10 ) have a different @entity6 expression pattern than bilateral @entity1 .

title: XXXX genes have different expression patterns in healthy and diseased upper airway mucosa.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Diagnosis of @entity5 ( @entity3 ) is limited. Novel proteomic techno_logies can be utilized to discover changes in expression of pleural proteins that might have diagnostic value. The objective of this study was to detect protein profiles that could be used to identify @entity5 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) mass spectrometry (MS). Pleural effusions were collected from @entity0 with confirmed @entity3 (n = 41) and from @entity0 with effusions due to other causes ([n = 48] cancerous and non-cancerous). Samples were fractionated using anion exchange chromatography and bound to different types of ProteinChip array surfaces. All samples were also subjected to other commercially available immunoassays ( @entity0 epididymes protein 4 [ @entity4 ], @entity2 [ @entity2 ], @entity7 [ @entity7 ], and the @entity6 fragment [CYFRA 21-1]). Peak intensity data obtained by @entity1 were subjected to classification algorithms in order to identify potential classifier peaks. A protein peak at m/z 6614 was characterized as @entity8 . In this setting, the sensitivity and specificity of this potential biomarker was 76 % and 69 %, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for @entity8 was 0.755, thereby outperforming @entity2 , @entity4 , and CYFRA 21-1. @entity7 performed best with an AUC of 0.860 with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 74%. Our study validates the use of @entity7 as a diagnostic marker for @entity3 and furthermore suggests that @entity8 levels could be used in the future to discriminate @entity3 from other causes of exudates.

title: Protein profiling of pleural effusions to identify @entity5 using XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Diagnosis of @entity5 ( @entity3 ) is limited. Novel proteomic techno_logies can be utilized to discover changes in expression of pleural proteins that might have diagnostic value. The objective of this study was to detect protein profiles that could be used to identify @entity5 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) mass spectrometry (MS). Pleural effusions were collected from @entity0 with confirmed @entity3 (n = 41) and from @entity0 with effusions due to other causes ([n = 48] cancerous and non-cancerous). Samples were fractionated using anion exchange chromatography and bound to different types of ProteinChip array surfaces. All samples were also subjected to other commercially available immunoassays ( @entity0 epididymes protein 4 [ @entity4 ], @entity2 [ @entity2 ], @entity7 [ @entity7 ], and the @entity6 fragment [CYFRA 21-1]). Peak intensity data obtained by @entity1 were subjected to classification algorithms in order to identify potential classifier peaks. A protein peak at m/z 6614 was characterized as @entity8 . In this setting, the sensitivity and specificity of this potential biomarker was 76 % and 69 %, respectively. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for @entity8 was 0.755, thereby outperforming @entity2 , @entity4 , and CYFRA 21-1. @entity7 performed best with an AUC of 0.860 with a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 74%. Our study validates the use of @entity7 as a diagnostic marker for @entity3 and furthermore suggests that @entity8 levels could be used in the future to discriminate @entity3 from other causes of exudates.

title: Protein profiling of pleural effusions to identify XXXX using @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical, radiographic and microbiological status of implants after 10 years of functional load in @entity0 treated for partial @entity7 . METHOD: 15 @entity0 , each successfully treated with 2-6 implants ad modum Br  nemark placed in free-standing fixed prostheses, were included in the study. RESULTS: Clinical evaluation revealed similar degrees of @entity1 around teeth and implants. The @entity8 ( @entity8 ) was significantly greater around implants than around teeth. The mean marginal @entity2 during 10 years of functional load was comparable to that found at the time of the 5-year follow-up. 74% of the implants remained free of marginal @entity2 exceeding 1 mm. Marginal @entity2 exceeding 2 mm, was found at only 5 sites. No marked differences in bacteria were present between teeth and implants. @entity9 , @entity3 and P. micros were the commonest organisms detected around teeth and implants. The periodontal pathogens A. actinomycetemcomitans, @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity9 , were found at implants with a marginal @entity2 of more than 2 mm. CONCLUSION: Our study shows that the long-term results with implants in partially dentate @entity0 are similar to those seen in edentulous @entity0 and that no significant change occurred after 5-year follow-up over an additional period of 5 years.

title: Long-term evaluation of osseointegrated dental implants in the treatment of partly edentulous XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity3 is clinically important as it contributes to adequacy of dialysis, quality of life, and mortality. This study was conducted to determine the predictors of @entity2 in a national random sample of @entity0 initiating hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. The study controlled for baseline variables and included major predictors. The end point was loss of @entity2 , defined as a urine volume <200 ml/24 h at approximately 1 yr of follow-up. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and P values associated with each of the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment parameters were estimated using an "adjusted" univariate analysis. Significant variables (P < 0.05) were included in a multivariate logistic regression model. Predictors of @entity2 were female gender (AOR = 1.45; P < 0.001), non-white race (AOR = 1.57; P = <0.001), prior history of @entity1 (AOR = 1.82; P = 0.006), prior history of @entity5 (AOR = 1.32; P = 0.03), and time to follow-up (AOR = 1.06 per month; P = 0.03). @entity0 treated with peritoneal dialysis had a 65% lower risk of @entity2 than those on hemodialysis (AOR = 0.35; P < 0.001). Higher serum @entity4 (AOR = 0.81 per mg/dl; P = 0.05), use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (AOR = 0.68; P < 0.001). and use of a @entity4 channel blocker (AOR = 0.77; P = 0.01) were independently associated with decreased risk of @entity2 . The observations of demographic groups at risk and potentially modifiable factors and therapies have generated testable hypotheses regarding therapies that may preserve @entity2 among @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Predictors of loss of residual renal function among new dialysis XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine if comprehensive surgical @entity1 is a better predictor of outcome than incomplete @entity1 for @entity0 with stage I noninvasive or minimally invasive ( <=3 mm) @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Retrospective chart review was used to identify @entity0 undergoing hysterectomy at the Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1989 to 2010. Relevant clinical and pathologic data were extracted. @entity0 with noninvasive and minimally invasive ( <=3-mm myometrial invasion) @entity2 were identified. Stage was assigned based on the 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics @entity3 criteria. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: We identified 63 @entity0 with noninvasive or minimally invasive ( <=3 mm) @entity2 . Stages I, II, III, and IV disease were noted in 65% (41/63), 6% (4/63), 14% (9/63), and 14% (9/63) of the @entity0 , respectively. Lower stage was associated with a significantly improved disease-specific survival (P = 0.001). @entity1 , including total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, omentectomy, and peritoneal biopsies, was completed in 29% (12/41) of the @entity0 with stage I disease. There were no disease-specific deaths in the comprehensive @entity1 group. Compared with incomplete @entity1 , comprehensive @entity1 was associated with a significantly improved disease-specific survival (P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with stage I noninvasive and minimally invasive @entity2 on comprehensive @entity1 have an excellent prognosis. Adjuvant therapy may not benefit this @entity0 population.

title: Stage I noninvasive and minimally invasive XXXX : comprehensive @entity1 associated with improved survival.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine if comprehensive surgical @entity1 is a better predictor of outcome than incomplete @entity1 for @entity0 with stage I noninvasive or minimally invasive ( <=3 mm) @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Retrospective chart review was used to identify @entity0 undergoing hysterectomy at the Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1989 to 2010. Relevant clinical and pathologic data were extracted. @entity0 with noninvasive and minimally invasive ( <=3-mm myometrial invasion) @entity2 were identified. Stage was assigned based on the 2009 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics @entity3 criteria. Survival curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: We identified 63 @entity0 with noninvasive or minimally invasive ( <=3 mm) @entity2 . Stages I, II, III, and IV disease were noted in 65% (41/63), 6% (4/63), 14% (9/63), and 14% (9/63) of the @entity0 , respectively. Lower stage was associated with a significantly improved disease-specific survival (P = 0.001). @entity1 , including total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy, omentectomy, and peritoneal biopsies, was completed in 29% (12/41) of the @entity0 with stage I disease. There were no disease-specific deaths in the comprehensive @entity1 group. Compared with incomplete @entity1 , comprehensive @entity1 was associated with a significantly improved disease-specific survival (P = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with stage I noninvasive and minimally invasive @entity2 on comprehensive @entity1 have an excellent prognosis. Adjuvant therapy may not benefit this @entity0 population.

title: Stage I noninvasive and minimally invasive @entity2 : comprehensive XXXX associated with improved survival.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A hybrid operation is a joint procedure involving the interventional cardiologist and the cardiac surgeon concomitantly to optimize surgical management for complex @entity3 . We analyzed the feasibility and efficacy of this procedure in 20 @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: Data from 20 @entity0 who underwent intraoperative hybrid procedures from March to October 2005 were analyzed. Two groups were identified: (1) Balloon valvuloplasty group: @entity8 with intact @entity1 in neonate (n = 3) and severe @entity7 in @entity0 (n = 4); (2) Device closure group: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity0 (n = 7), adult @entity2 (n = 3) and multiple @entity9 ( @entity9 , n = 3). @entity5 under the guidance of echocardiography together with modified Blalock-Taussig shunt procedure and PDA ligation were applied to @entity0 in balloon valvuloplasty group. For @entity2 @entity0 , the occluder was placed via right atria after opening the chest either with median sternotomy (4 case) or with submaxillary minimally invasive incision (6 cases), PDA ligation was performed in 1 @entity0 and 2 coronary artery bypass surgeries were performed in 2 adult @entity2 @entity0 complicating CHD. For multiple @entity9 , perimembranous @entity9 was closed surgically and muscular @entity9 closed by occluder via tricuspid valve approach under cardiopulmonary bypass. RESULTS: All operations were successful and 1 @entity0 received another conventional valvuloplasty due to the @entity4 after @entity6 @entity0 's muscular @entity9 was closed by conventional procedure after unsuccessful device closure. No device-related complications were found during follow-up (1-6 months). CONCLUSION: Our results showed that intraoperative hybrid procedure was feasible and effective in selected @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: [Effects of intraoperative hybrid procedures for the treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinicopathologic features of primary @entity6 . METHODS: Eleven cases of primary @entity1 collected from Fuwai Hospital during the period from 1983 to 2005 were enrolled into the study. The @entity1 were stained with @entity2 and @entity3 and Weigert-Van Gieson stain. Immunohistochemistry was also carried out in selected examples. RESULTS: Primary @entity6 were uncommon and accounted for only 3% (11/426) of all primary @entity6 . Most of them (10/11) were benign and @entity1 was rarely encountered (1/11). The @entity1 subtypes included papillary fibroelastoma (4/11), cavernous @entity4 (4/11), @entity1 (1/11), @entity7 (1/11) and @entity5 (1/11). Of the 11 @entity1 studied, 4 involved the tricuspid valve, 4 involved the mitral valve, 2 involved the pulmonary valve and 1 involved the aortic valve. The diagnosis was established by preoperative echocardiography in 7 @entity0 . The remaining 4 cases were either misdiagnosed or undiagnosed. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative diagnosis of primary @entity6 can be difficult due to lack of detailed information related to this group of lesions. Although @entity6 carry a good prognosis, the clinical outcome may be disastrous as a result of hemodynamic disturbances. Intraoperative frozen section examination is advisable for guiding proper surgical management.

title: [Clinicopathologic studies of 11 cases of primary XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate retinal reperfusion, @entity2 , and compensation following radial optic neurotomy for @entity1 nonperfused central @entity5 . METHODS: Prospective, non-comparative, interventional case series of 13 @entity0 with @entity1 , nonperfused central @entity5 who underwent decompression surgery with a radial optic neurotomy and adjunctive intraocular @entity4 . @entity0 were followed for 1 year after surgery, and were analyzed in the preoperative and postoperative stages determining: visual acuity by ETDRS chart (LogMar) and retinal thickness with optical coherence tomography. Fluorescein angiography was performed at regular intervals to evaluate the capillary perfusion grade. Intraocular pressure was measured and fundus was examined. RESULTS: Visual acuity and retinal thickness improved in 10/13 (77%) @entity0 after surgery at 1-year follow-up. Adequate retinal reperfusion was achieved in ten of the 13 eyes. Acute reperfusion occurred in six eyes within 2 weeks of surgery and a shunt vessel at the optic disk developed in four eyes within 4 months. In the remaining three eyes, retinal reperfusion was not observed by @entity3 angiography. No complications were noted in any of the @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Surgical decompression promoted mechanical reperfusion of the occluded vessel in 10/13 (77%) cases. In 6/13 @entity0 (46%) reperfusion occurred within 2 weeks of surgery, and in 4/13 @entity0 (31%) collateral vessels formed within 4 months.

title: Venous retinal flow reperfusion mechanisms following radial optic neurotomy with adjunctive intraocular XXXX in central @entity5 .

answer: @entity4