abstract: PURPOSE: To review the clinical, neurophysiologic, and radiological data of @entity0 with @entity5 who had undergone evaluation and surgery in our @entity2 Program. METHODS: The medical and neurophysiologic records of 38 @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity5 were reviewed. Data underwent statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were 28 temporal and 10 extratemporal resections, with a mean age at @entity3 onset of 10.5 years and mean age at surgery of 22 years. @entity1 resections performed earlier were recorded. Twenty-nine @entity0 had auras and 20 had secondarily generalized @entity3 . All 28 @entity0 with temporal @entity1 had complex partial @entity3 . Preoperative MRI demonstrated the @entity1 in 36 of 36 @entity0 : 17 of 29 demonstrated @entity4 enhancement, and 17 of 36 had mass effect. Scalp interictal sharp waves were present in 32 @entity0 , and in 15 they were multiregional. In two @entity0 , scalp EEG @entity3 onset was from the hemisphere contralateral to the @entity1 . Postoperatively, 79% of @entity0 (30 of 38) were @entity3 -free (Engel's class I) at 6 months, 72% at 1 year (26 of 36), and 63% at 2 years (20 of 32). Excellent outcome was associated with a lower age at operation (p = 0.008), shorter duration of @entity2 (p = <0.01), absence of generalized @entity3 (p = <0.01), and no @entity2 on a postoperative EEG (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Good surgical outcome is expected in @entity0 with @entity5 despite years of medically resistant @entity3 . Good outcome may be achieved despite EEG findings that may conflict with @entity1 location, and is more likely when surgery is performed relatively soon after @entity2 onset.

title: @entity5 and XXXX : clinical and neurophysiologic features and predictors of outcome after surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: @entity0 with peripheral @entity3 require treatment to prevent major cardiovascular events and to relieve @entity5 . The walking performance of peripheral @entity3 @entity0 was used to evaluate the usefulness of @entity8 , a glycosaminoglycan containing fast moving heparin and dermatan @entity4 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A randomized, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed in 286 @entity0 with Leriche-Fontaine stage II peripheral @entity3 . @entity0 received placebo (n=143) or @entity8 (n=143) for 27 weeks. The primary end-point was the doubling of the @entity2 -free walking distance at the end of treatment, and this was achieved by 23.8% of @entity0 treated with @entity8 and 9.1% of those on placebo (P=0.001). The @entity2 -free walking distance increased on average (+/-SE) by 83.2+/-8.6 m (+64.7% from baseline) with @entity8 and 36.7+/-6.2 m (+29.9% from baseline) with placebo (P=0.001). The maximum walking distance increased by 142.3+/-15.8 m (+76.0% from baseline) and 54.5+/-8.4 m (+27.9% from baseline) (P<0.001), respectively. Results for @entity0 with @entity7 were similar to those for non- @entity1 @entity0 . Plasma @entity6 decreased with @entity8 , but increased with placebo. CONCLUSION: @entity8 improved the walking ability of peripheral @entity3 @entity0 to a significantly greater extent than placebo, with a concurrent significant decrease in @entity6 . The treatment was well tolerated.

title: @entity8 in the treatment of XXXX . Results of a randomized, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIMS: @entity0 with peripheral @entity3 require treatment to prevent major cardiovascular events and to relieve @entity5 . The walking performance of peripheral @entity3 @entity0 was used to evaluate the usefulness of @entity8 , a glycosaminoglycan containing fast moving heparin and dermatan @entity4 . METHODS AND RESULTS: A randomized, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was performed in 286 @entity0 with Leriche-Fontaine stage II peripheral @entity3 . @entity0 received placebo (n=143) or @entity8 (n=143) for 27 weeks. The primary end-point was the doubling of the @entity2 -free walking distance at the end of treatment, and this was achieved by 23.8% of @entity0 treated with @entity8 and 9.1% of those on placebo (P=0.001). The @entity2 -free walking distance increased on average (+/-SE) by 83.2+/-8.6 m (+64.7% from baseline) with @entity8 and 36.7+/-6.2 m (+29.9% from baseline) with placebo (P=0.001). The maximum walking distance increased by 142.3+/-15.8 m (+76.0% from baseline) and 54.5+/-8.4 m (+27.9% from baseline) (P<0.001), respectively. Results for @entity0 with @entity7 were similar to those for non- @entity1 @entity0 . Plasma @entity6 decreased with @entity8 , but increased with placebo. CONCLUSION: @entity8 improved the walking ability of peripheral @entity3 @entity0 to a significantly greater extent than placebo, with a concurrent significant decrease in @entity6 . The treatment was well tolerated.

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity5 . Results of a randomized, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: This is believed to be the first report on estimating @entity1 in @entity6 , based on the correlation between ABR and temporal bone pathology. ABR findings revealed @entity1 to be about 70 dB or more as result of peripheral @entity0 . A histological study of the temporal bones revealed almost all pathological findings in the conductive system, except for the @entity5 arachnoid in the internal auditory canal. In the @entity3 , @entity4 media, residual mesenchyme and deformity of ossicles were found. We explain the conductive component to be due to @entity4 media and poor ossicular connection. However, the etiology of the sensorineural component remains speculative. In @entity6 , @entity1 with @entity2 is often found at infantile age. Therefore, assessing the extent of @entity1 exactly was difficult, for example, the severity. the etiology and incidence of @entity0 . We emphasize the need for not only well-described pathological studies but also for more objective functional investigations, at least ABR.

title: ABR and temporal bone pathology in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) has been performed infrequently for @entity2 of the pancreas because of the perceived perioperative morbidity and the relatively protracted natural history of those @entity1 . To determine whether the improved safety of PD affects long-term outcome of @entity0 with @entity2 , we reviewed our experience. All consecutive @entity0 who underwent PD or total pancreatectomy for @entity2 between 1980 and 1995 were analyzed. Diagnoses were based on histologic findings and endocrine (biochemical) manifestations of the @entity1 . @entity0 were followed by outpatient clinic visits and mail correspondence. Clinical and pathologic factors were analyzed for prognostic risk. Survival and recurrence curves were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used for comparison (p <0.05 was significant). We identified 29 @entity0 who fulfilled the inclusion criteria with an even distribution by gender (14M:15F). Mean age of @entity0 was 56 years (SD +/- 14 years); mean @entity1 size was 4.4 cm (SD +/- 2.6 cm). Most @entity1 were nonfunctioning (n = 20); there were 4 @entity6 , @entity4 , and 2 @entity3 . Operating time was 316 minutes (SD +/- 75 minutes), median transfusion requirement was 0 units (mean 1.5 units). Standard Whipple resection was performed in 20 @entity0 ; the pylorus-preserving Whipple procedure, in 7; and total pancreatectomy, in 2. Regional lymph nodes were involved by @entity1 in 16 @entity0 . The complication rate was 31%, and operative mortality was 10% (n = 3). Length of hospital stay was 17 days (SD +/- 8.8 days). Overall survival was 81% and 70% at 5 and 10 years. Recurrence-free survival was 76% at 5 and 10 years. There was a trend toward greater recurrence-free survival for node-negative @entity0 (88% vs 65% at 5 years, p = 0.13), and overall survival was greater for node-negative @entity0 (100% vs 67% at 5 years, p = 0.04). Mean follow-up was 8.8 years. PD is an appropriate strategy for selected @entity5 , which offers extended survival with a low recurrence rate and control of endocrine symptoms.

title: Pancreaticoduodenectomy for XXXX of the head of the pancreas: long-term survival analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Agglutination and rosette formation are in vitro characteristics of @entity3 -infected erythrocytes, which have been associated with host protective immune responses and also with parasite virulence. The present study was carried out in an area of seasonal and unstable @entity2 transmission in eastern Sudan. Plasma samples were obtained before, during, and after the transmission season from a volunteer cohort of 64 individuals seven years of age and older. These plasmas were assayed for their ability to agglutinate cultured parasitized erythrocytes originally obtained from @entity4 samples taken from five of the cohort members. Our data show that the capacity of donor plasma samples to agglutinate parasitized cells depended largely on the time of sampling relative to the transmission season, at least within this epidemiologic setting. Thus, although less than half of the pretransmission season samples could agglutinate any of the five lines of cultured parasites, all post-transmission season samples could agglutinate at least one of the parasite lines, with 74% agglutinating two or more lines. This increase in the agglutination capacity of individual plasma samples after the transmission season occurred essentially regardless of whether an individual had experienced a clinical @entity2 attack during the transmission season. The study thus confirms the acquisition of agglutinating antibodies following episodes of clinical @entity2 , but also demonstrates that such acquisition can take place in the @entity0 , presumably as a consequence of subclinical @entity1 . This is the first demonstration of marked seasonal fluctuations in the capacity of individuals' sera to agglutinate parasitized red blood cells. Possible explanations for this effect include a decrease in the levels of agglutinating antibodies between seasons, or shifts in the antigens being recognized by such antibodies from one transmission season to the next. Finally, we showed the existence of marked seasonal fluctuation in the levels of agglutinating antibodies, either because levels of such antibodies are not sustained between seasons or because the antigens recognized change from one season to the next.

title: Seasonal variation in agglutination of XXXX -infected erythrocytes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Skin tests represent a major tool in the diagnosis of IgE mediated- @entity3 . The main indication is the measure of atopy during infancy and early childhood, as a predictive factor of the development of @entity2 . When @entity1 is present, skin testing can provide a diagnosis of @entity5 . Skin tests are easily done, without absolute contraindications. The epidemiological knowledge helps to choose the allergens to test. The skin-prick test method is well standardized and must be rigorous because of the hyporeactivity of the @entity0 skin. Results are always confounded with positive and negative control solutions. The interpretation of pricks tests must be careful, standing out a clinical @entity3 (when clinical allergic symptoms are presents) from a sensitization (atopy). The predictive value of a positive skin test is discussed: predisposition to @entity2 , association with severe @entity2 , predisposition to acute @entity6 during an @entity4 . A positive skin test to food allergen would predict a later pneumallergen sensitization.

title: [Allergen skin tests. Asthmatic XXXX and young @entity0 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Skin tests represent a major tool in the diagnosis of IgE mediated- @entity3 . The main indication is the measure of atopy during infancy and early childhood, as a predictive factor of the development of @entity2 . When @entity1 is present, skin testing can provide a diagnosis of @entity5 . Skin tests are easily done, without absolute contraindications. The epidemiological knowledge helps to choose the allergens to test. The skin-prick test method is well standardized and must be rigorous because of the hyporeactivity of the @entity0 skin. Results are always confounded with positive and negative control solutions. The interpretation of pricks tests must be careful, standing out a clinical @entity3 (when clinical allergic symptoms are presents) from a sensitization (atopy). The predictive value of a positive skin test is discussed: predisposition to @entity2 , association with severe @entity2 , predisposition to acute @entity6 during an @entity4 . A positive skin test to food allergen would predict a later pneumallergen sensitization.

title: [Allergen skin tests. Asthmatic @entity0 and young XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 is an early diverging eukaryote which causes @entity0 throughout the world. Different subgroups of Giardia have been defined based on several biochemical and genetic criteria. We have developed a method for stably introducing DNA into the nuclei of the parasite using @entity3 acetyltransferase (pac) as a dominant selectable marker. Transfected circular DNAs were maintained as episomes in the isolate WB, a representative of one Giardia subgroup. When input DNAs were linearized, integration was observed to occur by homologous recombination producing gene replacements in this isolate. In isolate @entity2 , which represents a different subgroup, both linear and circular transfected DNAs were integrated into the genome by homologous recombination. In @entity2 , linear DNA again produced gene replacements, while circular DNA produced duplicative integration events. The failure of @entity2 to replicate episomes may reflect differences in the structure or recognition of DNA replication origins between these subgroups. A plasmid shuttle vector was also developed for expression of other genes in @entity1 . Utilizing the green fluorescent protein as a reporter gene in the WB isolate, we show that gene expression from this vector correlated with plasmid copy number over a range of two orders of magnitude. Together these tools should greatly enhance our ability to study both the basic biology and the pathogenesis of this ubiquitous parasite.

title: Episomal and integrated maintenance of foreign DNA in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous estimates of incidence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) requiring renal replacement therapy have varied from 18 to 75 @entity0 per million per year, but have been beset by problems of definition. AIM: To investigate whether the '90-day rule' provides a more reliable, reproducible and robust estimate of the need for short-term dialysis. SETTING: District general hospital serving a population of 147 000. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. METHODS: @entity0 who received renal replacement therapy in Dumfries and Galloway between 01/01/94 and 31/12/2000 were divided into two groups: long-term dialysis (> or =90 days) and short-term dialysis (<90 days). RESULTS: Of 302 @entity0 , 193 received short-term dialysis, giving an incidence for short-term dialysis of 187 @entity0 episodes per million per year (95%CI 170-203). Use of a more conventional definition for @entity2 (including all @entity2 and @entity2 , but excluding @entity0 with @entity1 who present acutely) produced a similar estimate at 176 @entity0 per million per year (95%CI 160-193). DISCUSSION: The 90-day rule estimated the incidence of short-term dialysis/ @entity2 at nearly twice the incidence of @entity1 requiring dialysis, and more than twice the most recent estimate of the incidence of @entity2 in the UK. The main attraction of the 90-day rule is its simplicity. If the high level of short-term dialysis/ @entity2 found in our study is confirmed by other centres, there are significant resource implications for the provision of renal care.

title: High incidence of XXXX requiring short-term dialysis: a prospective observational study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Asthma is a process of @entity2 that may be worsened by the activation of neutrophils during acute exacerbations. OBJECTIVE: We investigated our hypothesis that changes in cellular activation may be detectable in peripheral blood (PB) during late-phase @entity3 and during clinical exacerbations. METHODS: Twenty-one stable @entity4 (9 on treatment with @entity8 -agonists only, 12 using inhaled corticosteroids) and 10 nonasthmatic volunteers were first compared using flow cytometry to measure @entity8 -integrin ( @entity9 / @entity6 ) expression. Production of reactive @entity1 species (ROS) was evaluated employing chemiluminescence. Next, 8 mild @entity4 were assessed using similar methods before and after allergen-induced late asthmatic reactions (LARs). Finally, 4 asthmatic subjects were evaluated over 3 months, and symptoms, peak expiratory flow (PEF) and ROS production were measured. Episodes of @entity7 (exacerbations) were identified and their association with ROS production was examined. RESULTS: No differences were detected in adhesion molecule expression and ROS production comparing the normal and asthmatic groups. However, after development of the LAR, significant reductions in @entity9 neutrophil expression (mean fluorescence intensity; MFI) were observed [before: 994 +/- 102 MFI (mean +/- SEM) versus after: 424 +/- 81 MFI; p < 0.01]. Furthermore, strong associations were found between decreases in @entity9 and the severity of the LAR (r = 0.9; p < 0.02). In the clinical study, ROS production was significantly lower during exacerbations (median 43%; p < 0.05). Again, this measurement was significantly associated with reductions in PEF (r = 0.5, p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with mild stable @entity3 , no differences in the activation of circulating neutrophils were detectable compared to nonasthmatic individuals. During episodes of @entity5 , in the laboratory and in clinical disease, neutrophil activation decreased in PB, conceivably because activated cells may be preferentially sequestered in the lung.

title: Reduced activation of peripheral blood neutrophils after late-phase asthmatic responses but not in mild stable XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Malignant pleural effusions can cause severe debilitating symptoms and impair the quality of life. Treatment is often palliative, usually consisting of sequential thoracenteses or tube thoracostomy with or without sclerotherapy. Large-bore thoracostomy tubes have traditionally been used for drainage and sclerotherapy. More recently, the use of small-bore catheters has been studied. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of small-bore catheter (Pleuracan) thoracostomy combined with talc sclerotherapy for palliative treatment of @entity7 . METHODS: Between May 1998 and March 2000, 24 consecutive @entity0 presenting at our inpatient clinic were studied. Follow-up radiography at the end of the 1st month (immediate response) and 3rd month (long-term follow-up) after talc pleurodesis was performed to assess the response rates. RESULTS: Of the 24 @entity0 included, 2 @entity0 did not show lung expansion after pleural drainage. Two @entity0 died within 30 days after talc pleurodesis and 1 did not undergo 30-day postpleurodesis radiography. The remaining 19 @entity0 made up the study group to assess the response rates (8 @entity0 , 11 @entity0 ). Overall response rates of talc pleurodesis via small-bore catheter were found to be 84.2% [complete response (CR): 68.4%, partial response (PR): 15.8%] at 30-day and 78.6% (CR: 57.2%, PR:2 1.4%) at 90-day follow-up, respectively. One @entity0 reported moderate @entity2 during catheter placement. Four @entity0 experienced mild to moderate @entity4 , @entity5 , or both within 4 h after instillation. Seven of the 22 @entity0 (31.8%) had a transient @entity3 (< or =39.0 degrees C) 6-24 h after talc instillation that lasted less than 24 h and was successfully treated with @entity6 . One @entity0 had significant @entity8 that resolved in 24 h. Four @entity0 died because of @entity1 progress (2 @entity0 in the 1st month and 2 @entity0 between 30 and 90 days). CONCLUSION: Pleurodesis can successfully be performed via a small-bore catheter in @entity0 with recurrent @entity7 . To validate the results of the study, a prospective randomized study, comparing this device (Pleuracan) and a 'standard' 16- to 24-french chest drain, should be performed.

title: The value of small-bore catheter thoracostomy in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the endovascular treatment of @entity1 and @entity3 . METHODS: Twelve @entity0 (mean age 59 years, range 47-75 years) with @entity1 (n = 10) or false @entity2 (n = 2) were treated. The lesion was asymptomatic in 11 @entity0 ; @entity4 was observed in one @entity0 . The lesion was juxta-ostial in one case, located on the intermediate segment of the splenic artery in four, near the splenic hilus in six, and affected the whole length of the artery in one @entity0 . In 10 cases, the maximum lesion diameter was greater than 2 cm; in one case 30% growth of an @entity2 18 mm in diameter had occurred in 6 months; in the last case, two distal @entity2 were associated (17 and 18 mm in diameter). In one case, stent-grafting was attempted; one detachable balloon occlusion was performed; the 10 other @entity0 were treated with coils. RESULTS: Endovascular treatment was possible in 11 @entity0 (92%) (one failure: stenting attempt). In four cases among 11, the initial treatment was not successful (residual perfusion of @entity2 ); surgical treatment was carried out in one case, and a second embolization in two. Thus in nine cases (75%) endovascular treatment was successful: complete and persistent exclusion of the @entity2 but with spleen perfusion persisting at the end of follow-up on CT scans (mean 13 months). An early and transient elevation of pancreatic enzymes was observed in four cases. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound and CT have made the diagnosis of @entity1 or false @entity2 more frequent. Endovascular treatment, the morbidity of which is low, is effective and spares the spleen.

title: @entity1 and XXXX with endovascular treatment in 12 @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the endovascular treatment of @entity1 and @entity3 . METHODS: Twelve @entity0 (mean age 59 years, range 47-75 years) with @entity1 (n = 10) or false @entity2 (n = 2) were treated. The lesion was asymptomatic in 11 @entity0 ; @entity4 was observed in one @entity0 . The lesion was juxta-ostial in one case, located on the intermediate segment of the splenic artery in four, near the splenic hilus in six, and affected the whole length of the artery in one @entity0 . In 10 cases, the maximum lesion diameter was greater than 2 cm; in one case 30% growth of an @entity2 18 mm in diameter had occurred in 6 months; in the last case, two distal @entity2 were associated (17 and 18 mm in diameter). In one case, stent-grafting was attempted; one detachable balloon occlusion was performed; the 10 other @entity0 were treated with coils. RESULTS: Endovascular treatment was possible in 11 @entity0 (92%) (one failure: stenting attempt). In four cases among 11, the initial treatment was not successful (residual perfusion of @entity2 ); surgical treatment was carried out in one case, and a second embolization in two. Thus in nine cases (75%) endovascular treatment was successful: complete and persistent exclusion of the @entity2 but with spleen perfusion persisting at the end of follow-up on CT scans (mean 13 months). An early and transient elevation of pancreatic enzymes was observed in four cases. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound and CT have made the diagnosis of @entity1 or false @entity2 more frequent. Endovascular treatment, the morbidity of which is low, is effective and spares the spleen.

title: XXXX and @entity3 with endovascular treatment in 12 @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the endovascular treatment of @entity1 and @entity3 . METHODS: Twelve @entity0 (mean age 59 years, range 47-75 years) with @entity1 (n = 10) or false @entity2 (n = 2) were treated. The lesion was asymptomatic in 11 @entity0 ; @entity4 was observed in one @entity0 . The lesion was juxta-ostial in one case, located on the intermediate segment of the splenic artery in four, near the splenic hilus in six, and affected the whole length of the artery in one @entity0 . In 10 cases, the maximum lesion diameter was greater than 2 cm; in one case 30% growth of an @entity2 18 mm in diameter had occurred in 6 months; in the last case, two distal @entity2 were associated (17 and 18 mm in diameter). In one case, stent-grafting was attempted; one detachable balloon occlusion was performed; the 10 other @entity0 were treated with coils. RESULTS: Endovascular treatment was possible in 11 @entity0 (92%) (one failure: stenting attempt). In four cases among 11, the initial treatment was not successful (residual perfusion of @entity2 ); surgical treatment was carried out in one case, and a second embolization in two. Thus in nine cases (75%) endovascular treatment was successful: complete and persistent exclusion of the @entity2 but with spleen perfusion persisting at the end of follow-up on CT scans (mean 13 months). An early and transient elevation of pancreatic enzymes was observed in four cases. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound and CT have made the diagnosis of @entity1 or false @entity2 more frequent. Endovascular treatment, the morbidity of which is low, is effective and spares the spleen.

title: @entity1 and @entity3 with endovascular treatment in 12 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study reviewed the local recurrence rate in @entity0 who had undergone total mesorectal excision and double-stapling low anterior resection for mid and @entity2 . It also aimed to identify risk factors for local recurrence through univariate and multivariate analyses. Consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 within 12 cm of the anal verge treated with total mesorectal excision and double-stapling low anterior resection from August 1993 to December 2000 were studied. The demographic data, operative details, @entity2 characteristics, and follow-up data were collected prospectively. Factors that might affect the local recurrence rate were analyzed with univariate and multivariate analyses. A total of 270 @entity0 were included in the study (156 @entity0 , 114 @entity0 ). The mean +/- SD age was 64.83 +/- 11.27 years. The mean +/- SD level of the @entity2 was 7.17 +/- 1.90 cm. All anastomoses were performed within 5 cm of the anal verge. During the mean follow-up of 35.5 months, 12 @entity0 developed local recurrence. The 5-year actuarial local recurrence rate was 7.3%. The presence of @entity1 and the resection margin of < or = 1 cm were found to be risk factors for local recurrence in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, the presence of @entity1 was the only independent factor for local recurrence. In the group of @entity0 with @entity1 , proximal @entity2 (6-12 cm from the anal verge) were shown to have a significantly lower local recurrence than those within 6.1 cm from the anal verge (4.2% vs. 37.8%; p <0.001). Low anterior resection performed with double stapling and total mesorectal excision achieved a local recurrence rate of 7.3%. The presence of @entity1 was the only independent risk factor for local recurrence. A high local recurrence rate was associated with @entity2 (? 6 cm from the anal verge) with @entity1 . Adjuvant therapy for local control should be considered for this subgroup of @entity0 .

title: Local recurrence following total mesorectal excision with double-stapling anastomosis for XXXX : analysis of risk factors.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A study of the objective evaluation of voice was made of 100 voices of healthy adults and 60 with disphonia (nodules and @entity1 ). A laryngostroboscopy and an acoustic analysis was made to everyone. A sustained vowel "a" was carried out and digitalized with Dr. Speech Science software. These parameters were estimated: fundamental frequency (Fo, according to gender), Jitter, Shimmer and glottic noise (NNE, HNR, SNR). In the healthy group Fo was 139.72 in @entity0 and 267.33 in @entity0 , jitter 0.24 and shimmer 2.10. In disphonic @entity0 (nodules) Fo was 126.96 in @entity0 and 240.72 in @entity0 , jitter 0.35 and shimmer 3.25. In disphonic @entity0 ( @entity1 ) Fo was 119.75 in @entity0 and 218.26 in @entity0 , jitter 0.50 and shimmer 4.34. These difference were statistically significant. Glottic Noise in healthy group was: NNE -13.62, HNR 24.07 and SNR 24.49; in disphonic @entity0 (nodules) was: NNE -10.65, HNR 25.21 and SNR 25.55; in disphonic @entity0 ( @entity1 ) was: NNE -8.24, HNR 29.63 and SNR 28.22. Only the difference in the NNE was statistically significant. We highlight the importance of objective evaluation of @entity2 .

title: [Objective study of the voice in a normal population and in dysphonia caused by nodules and vocal XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 are known to be associated with elevated compartment pressures, which may potentially result in a @entity2 . The Tibial Less Invasive Stabilization System (LISS PLT) is an internal fixator device that is designed for fixation of proximal tibia @entity1 . The technique includes submuscular placement of the implant along the lateral border of the tibia. Such placement of the Tibia LISS into the anterior leg compartment could increase compartment pressures, and therefore increase the risk of @entity2 . The objective of this prospective study is to determine whether submuscular placement of a tibia LISS fixator increases compartment pressures and what is the incidence of @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight consecutive proximal tibia @entity1 were fixed using the Tibia LISS (LISS PLT). Compartment pressures in all four leg compartments were measured pre- and postoperatively. Diastolic pressures were recorded and perfusion pressures calculated. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between pre- and postoperative compartment pressures. One @entity0 out of twenty-eight developed an impending @entity2 after placement of the LISS implant. CONCLUSIONS: Submuscular fixation of the tibia with the Less Invasive Stabilization System does not cause a significant rise in leg compartment pressures, nor is it associated with an increased incidence of @entity2 .

title: Compartment pressures after submuscular fixation of proximal tibia XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: One of the most important prognostic features of @entity2 is the involvement of regional lymph nodes. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is increasingly used to stage @entity2 in order to avoid lymph node dissection in @entity0 who clinically have no lymph node involvement. We present a prospective study of 27 @entity0 who underwent @entity3 from November 1999. Lymphoscintigraphy was done on the day of surgery, and @entity3 guided by blue dye and/or gamma probe performed. A sentinel node was identified in all 27 @entity0 , mean age 46 years. The mean Breslow thickness was 1.63mm. Excision of 1-3 sentinel nodes (mean 1.5) was performed. In 3/27 @entity0 @entity1 was detected in the sentinel node, 2 @entity0 had therapeutic lymph node dissections, and one had chemotherapy. There were no major complications. @entity3 is a valuable technique for staging @entity2 , however impact on overall survival requires longer follow up.

title: The value of sentinel node mapping for staging XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Assessment of access recirculation (AR) is crucial to dialysis efficiency and there is thus a need for a method yielding a highly accurate, fast, easy and economical measurement that can be applied in any busy dialysis clinic. Non- @entity1 based dilutional methods are more accurate than @entity1 based methods and avoid problems with cardiopulmonary recirculation, but they require expensive specialized devices, which limit their applicability. METHODS: We developed a simple dilutional method of AR which does not require any specific device, based on the determination of serum @entity0 [K+] in two samples. Briefly, a basal sample is drawn at the time of needle insertion (basal [K+]); needles are connected to blood lines and blood flow rate is quickly increased to 300 ml/mm; a second sample (arterial [K+]) is drawn from the arterial line port within 5 to 10 seconds, to avoid errors due to cardiopulmonary recirculation of the normal saline entering the blood stream. At this time, if recirculation is present, part of the normal saline will enter the arterial line and dilute the serum [K+]. The AR formula is: AR (%) = 100 x [1 - arterial K+/basal K+]. We compared our method with the two-needle @entity1 and ultrasound velocity dilution methods. RESULTS: AR values by the ultrasound method > 10% were hypothesized as gold standard for AR, against which values obtained with the @entity0 method were compared. The @entity0 based method showed: sensitivity (100%,); specificity (95%); predictive value, positive (91%); predictive value, negative (100%). In addition, the @entity0 based method appears to be more reliable than the two-needle @entity1 based method. CONCLUSION: Our method, similar to other dilutional methods, is not influenced by cardiopulmonary recirculation or veno-venous disequilibrium and is fast and accurate. Moreover it is very simple, economical, and can easily be performed in any dialysis unit.

title: XXXX -based dilutional method to measure hemodialysis access recirculation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity12 ( @entity11 ) is formed in @entity5 @entity0 receiving @entity10 therapy and is detected in the plasma and urine of these @entity0 . In this study, we have investigated the effects of @entity11 on @entity10 -induced @entity9 in cultured @entity2 @entity8 , PC12 cells. Exposure of PC12 cells up to 10 microM @entity11 or 20 microM @entity10 after 24 or 48 hr, neither affected the cell viability determined by @entity3 assay, nor induced apoptosis by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. However, at concentrations higher than 15 microM, @entity11 showed @entity4 through an apoptotic process. In addition, @entity11 at 5-15 microM for both incubation time points significantly enhanced @entity10 -induced @entity9 ( @entity10 concentration, 50 microM). Exposure of PC12 cells to @entity11 , @entity10 and @entity11 plus @entity10 for 48 hr resulted in a marked increase in the cell loss and percentage of apoptotic cells compared with exposure for 24hr. The enhancing effects of @entity11 on @entity10 -induced @entity9 were concentration- and treated-time-dependent. @entity11 , @entity10 and @entity11 plus @entity10 produced a significant increase in intracellular reactive @entity1 species generation and decrease in @entity6 levels, supporting the involvement of oxidative stress in @entity11 - and @entity10 -induced apoptosis. The antioxidant @entity7 strongly inhibited changes in apoptosis, decreases in cell viability and ROS generation induced by @entity11 associated with @entity10 . These results suggest that @entity11 aggravates @entity10 -induced oxidative neurotoxic and apoptotic effects in PC12 cells. Therefore, @entity5 @entity0 treated with @entity10 for long-term need to be monitored for the relationship between plasma concentration of @entity11 and the symptoms of @entity9 .

title: Aggravation of XXXX -induced @entity9 by @entity12 in PC12 cells.

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity12 ( @entity11 ) is formed in @entity5 @entity0 receiving @entity10 therapy and is detected in the plasma and urine of these @entity0 . In this study, we have investigated the effects of @entity11 on @entity10 -induced @entity9 in cultured @entity2 @entity8 , PC12 cells. Exposure of PC12 cells up to 10 microM @entity11 or 20 microM @entity10 after 24 or 48 hr, neither affected the cell viability determined by @entity3 assay, nor induced apoptosis by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. However, at concentrations higher than 15 microM, @entity11 showed @entity4 through an apoptotic process. In addition, @entity11 at 5-15 microM for both incubation time points significantly enhanced @entity10 -induced @entity9 ( @entity10 concentration, 50 microM). Exposure of PC12 cells to @entity11 , @entity10 and @entity11 plus @entity10 for 48 hr resulted in a marked increase in the cell loss and percentage of apoptotic cells compared with exposure for 24hr. The enhancing effects of @entity11 on @entity10 -induced @entity9 were concentration- and treated-time-dependent. @entity11 , @entity10 and @entity11 plus @entity10 produced a significant increase in intracellular reactive @entity1 species generation and decrease in @entity6 levels, supporting the involvement of oxidative stress in @entity11 - and @entity10 -induced apoptosis. The antioxidant @entity7 strongly inhibited changes in apoptosis, decreases in cell viability and ROS generation induced by @entity11 associated with @entity10 . These results suggest that @entity11 aggravates @entity10 -induced oxidative neurotoxic and apoptotic effects in PC12 cells. Therefore, @entity5 @entity0 treated with @entity10 for long-term need to be monitored for the relationship between plasma concentration of @entity11 and the symptoms of @entity9 .

title: Aggravation of @entity10 -induced @entity9 by XXXX in PC12 cells.

answer: @entity12


abstract: @entity12 ( @entity11 ) is formed in @entity5 @entity0 receiving @entity10 therapy and is detected in the plasma and urine of these @entity0 . In this study, we have investigated the effects of @entity11 on @entity10 -induced @entity9 in cultured @entity2 @entity8 , PC12 cells. Exposure of PC12 cells up to 10 microM @entity11 or 20 microM @entity10 after 24 or 48 hr, neither affected the cell viability determined by @entity3 assay, nor induced apoptosis by flow cytometry and TUNEL staining. However, at concentrations higher than 15 microM, @entity11 showed @entity4 through an apoptotic process. In addition, @entity11 at 5-15 microM for both incubation time points significantly enhanced @entity10 -induced @entity9 ( @entity10 concentration, 50 microM). Exposure of PC12 cells to @entity11 , @entity10 and @entity11 plus @entity10 for 48 hr resulted in a marked increase in the cell loss and percentage of apoptotic cells compared with exposure for 24hr. The enhancing effects of @entity11 on @entity10 -induced @entity9 were concentration- and treated-time-dependent. @entity11 , @entity10 and @entity11 plus @entity10 produced a significant increase in intracellular reactive @entity1 species generation and decrease in @entity6 levels, supporting the involvement of oxidative stress in @entity11 - and @entity10 -induced apoptosis. The antioxidant @entity7 strongly inhibited changes in apoptosis, decreases in cell viability and ROS generation induced by @entity11 associated with @entity10 . These results suggest that @entity11 aggravates @entity10 -induced oxidative neurotoxic and apoptotic effects in PC12 cells. Therefore, @entity5 @entity0 treated with @entity10 for long-term need to be monitored for the relationship between plasma concentration of @entity11 and the symptoms of @entity9 .

title: Aggravation of @entity10 -induced XXXX by @entity12 in PC12 cells.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to investigate whether the "warm-up" effect in @entity6 protects against @entity7 . BACKGROUND: After exercise, @entity0 with @entity3 demonstrate persistent @entity2 , which may represent stunning, as well as warm-up protection against @entity6 , which may represent @entity1 preconditioning. The effect of warm-up exercise on LV function during subsequent exercise has not been investigated. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 with multivessel @entity3 and preserved LV function performed two supine bicycle exercise tests 30 min apart. Equilibrium radionuclide angiography was performed before, during and up to 60 min after each test. Global LV ejection fraction and volume changes and regional ejection fraction for nine LV sectors were calculated for each acquisition. RESULTS: Onset of @entity5 or 1 mm ST @entity4 was delayed and occurred at a higher rate-pressure product during the second exercise test. Sectors whose regional ejection fraction fell during the first test showed persistent reduction at 15 min (68 +/- 20 vs. 73 +/- 20%, p < 0.0001). These sectors demonstrated increased function during the second test (71 +/- 20 vs. 63 +/- 20%, p = 0.0005). The reduction at 15 min and the increase during the second test were both in proportion to the reduction during the first test. Effects on global function were only apparent when the initial response to exercise was considered. CONCLUSIONS: The warm-up effect is accompanied by protection against @entity7 . The degree of stunning and protection after exercise is related to the severity of dysfunction during exercise, consistent with results from experimental models.

title: The warm-up effect protects against @entity7 in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to investigate whether the "warm-up" effect in @entity6 protects against @entity7 . BACKGROUND: After exercise, @entity0 with @entity3 demonstrate persistent @entity2 , which may represent stunning, as well as warm-up protection against @entity6 , which may represent @entity1 preconditioning. The effect of warm-up exercise on LV function during subsequent exercise has not been investigated. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 with multivessel @entity3 and preserved LV function performed two supine bicycle exercise tests 30 min apart. Equilibrium radionuclide angiography was performed before, during and up to 60 min after each test. Global LV ejection fraction and volume changes and regional ejection fraction for nine LV sectors were calculated for each acquisition. RESULTS: Onset of @entity5 or 1 mm ST @entity4 was delayed and occurred at a higher rate-pressure product during the second exercise test. Sectors whose regional ejection fraction fell during the first test showed persistent reduction at 15 min (68 +/- 20 vs. 73 +/- 20%, p < 0.0001). These sectors demonstrated increased function during the second test (71 +/- 20 vs. 63 +/- 20%, p = 0.0005). The reduction at 15 min and the increase during the second test were both in proportion to the reduction during the first test. Effects on global function were only apparent when the initial response to exercise was considered. CONCLUSIONS: The warm-up effect is accompanied by protection against @entity7 . The degree of stunning and protection after exercise is related to the severity of dysfunction during exercise, consistent with results from experimental models.

title: The warm-up effect protects against XXXX in @entity0 with @entity6 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to investigate whether the "warm-up" effect in @entity6 protects against @entity7 . BACKGROUND: After exercise, @entity0 with @entity3 demonstrate persistent @entity2 , which may represent stunning, as well as warm-up protection against @entity6 , which may represent @entity1 preconditioning. The effect of warm-up exercise on LV function during subsequent exercise has not been investigated. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 with multivessel @entity3 and preserved LV function performed two supine bicycle exercise tests 30 min apart. Equilibrium radionuclide angiography was performed before, during and up to 60 min after each test. Global LV ejection fraction and volume changes and regional ejection fraction for nine LV sectors were calculated for each acquisition. RESULTS: Onset of @entity5 or 1 mm ST @entity4 was delayed and occurred at a higher rate-pressure product during the second exercise test. Sectors whose regional ejection fraction fell during the first test showed persistent reduction at 15 min (68 +/- 20 vs. 73 +/- 20%, p < 0.0001). These sectors demonstrated increased function during the second test (71 +/- 20 vs. 63 +/- 20%, p = 0.0005). The reduction at 15 min and the increase during the second test were both in proportion to the reduction during the first test. Effects on global function were only apparent when the initial response to exercise was considered. CONCLUSIONS: The warm-up effect is accompanied by protection against @entity7 . The degree of stunning and protection after exercise is related to the severity of dysfunction during exercise, consistent with results from experimental models.

title: The warm-up effect protects against @entity7 in XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the causes and the prognosis of consecutive @entity0 resuscitated from @entity10 occurring in a general hospital. We assessed 28 females and 94 males (aged 13-82 years) who were resuscitated from @entity10 not attributable to acute @entity3 . @entity12 ( @entity12 ) was documented in 97. Non-cardiac causes were excluded. Non-invasive studies (24 h Holter monitoring, 2D echocardiogram, signal-averaged ECG, exercise testing, magnetic resonance imaging) and invasive studies (right and left ventricular angiography, coronary angiography and complete electrophysiologic study (EPS) were performed. RESULTS: An underlying @entity2 was found in 107 @entity0 (88%). @entity0 were followed for a period ranging from 6 months to 10 years (mean 4+/-5 years). Several causes for @entity10 were identified and treated specifically. The prognosis was variable. Among surviving @entity0 the following causes of @entity10 were found: @entity13 (n=2), rapid supraventricular @entity4 (n=6), acquired or @entity8 (n=7), complete @entity5 (n=3), proarrhythmic effect of an antiarrhythmic drug (n=5), @entity7 (normal coronary arteries) (n=5). Among ten @entity0 with @entity12 related to @entity2 two died suddenly. @entity9 ( @entity9 ) or @entity12 was the main cause leading to resuscitation after @entity10 (n=64). The risk of recurrence of arrest is confirmed in the present study particularly in @entity0 in whom @entity9 / @entity12 could not be suppressed by antiarrhythmic drug therapy (n=45) and in those where an @entity11 was not implanted (18 @entity1 (nine sudden @entity1 ( @entity14 's)). The cause of @entity10 was not elucidated in 20 @entity0 (16%). The prognosis of these @entity0 differed according to the documentation of @entity12 at the time of @entity10 : of those with documented @entity12 (n=12), six @entity0 died suddenly (one with an @entity11 ); of those without documented @entity12 (n=8), all are alive. CONCLUSION: To determine the precise cause of @entity10 was the first problem; the diagnosis of @entity10 clearly was erroneous in 8 of 122 @entity0 (6.5%). In other @entity0 , a @entity9 was identified as the cause for @entity10 in half of the population; the indication for an @entity11 is evident in this group. In 31% of @entity0 with proven @entity10 , another @entity6 requiring specific treatment was identified and @entity11 implantation was avoided; these @entity0 had a survival of 92% at 3 years. In @entity0 without an identified cause of @entity10 and negative EPS, the prognosis was unfavorable only in those with documented @entity12 .

title: Causes and prognosis of XXXX in a population admitted to a general hospital; a diagnostic and therapeutic problem.

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate if echocardiographic strain measurements could detect acute @entity4 , and to compare this new method with myocardial velocity measurements and wall motion score index. BACKGROUND: Tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE) is a promising method for assessing regional myocardial function. However, myocardial velocities measured by tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE) vary throughout the left ventricle (LV) because of tethering effects from adjacent tissue. Strain Doppler echocardiography (SDE) is a new tool for measuring regional myocardial deformation excluding the effect of adjacent myocardial tissue. METHODS: Seventeen @entity0 undergoing angioplasty of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) were studied. @entity5 was assessed by TDE and SDE from the apical four-chamber view before, during and after angioplasty from multiple myocardial segments simultaneously. RESULTS: Systolic strain values were uniformly distributed in the different nonischemic LV segments, whereas systolic velocities decreased from basis to apex. During @entity3 , strain measurement showed expansion in the apical septal segment in 16 of 17 @entity0 (7.5 +/- 6.5% vs. -17.7 +/- 7.2%, p < 0.001) and reduced compression in the mid-septal segment (p < 0.05) compared with baseline. Segments not supplied by LAD remained unchanged. Tissue Doppler echocardiography showed reduced velocities in all septal segments (p < 0.05) during angioplasty even though LAD does not supply the basal septal segment. Negative systolic velocities were present in 11 of 17 @entity0 . Wall motion score index increased during @entity1 (1.3 +/- 0.4, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The new SDE approach might be a more accurate marker than @entity6 for detecting systolic regional @entity2 induced by @entity3 .

title: Regional myocardial systolic function during acute XXXX assessed by strain Doppler echocardiography.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: After recalling the classical contra-indication of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) concerning @entity1 with a personal history of @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and arguments that may be opposed, the authors report the present results of a prospective study undertaken in the Center of @entity8 in Saint-Louis hospital in Paris since February 1992. @entity1 AND METHODS: By April 2001, 230 @entity1 had been included. A free interval of 2 years at least since the treatment of the primary @entity0 has been observed. The reasons for prescribing @entity4 were vasomotor troubles (flushes, nightly sweats) or a @entity7 , which were severe and not controlled by non-hormonal treatments. There was also an indication of a major @entity6 . In fact, many of these @entity1 had a premature, artificial, chemo-induced menopause. The @entity4 most often used was an estro-progestin association ( @entity5 + a @entity9 compound) given either continuously or with a 5-d interruption each month. The mean duration of treatment was 2.5 years. RESULTS: Results, concerning the improvement of menopause troubles, were remarkable in the great majority of troubles. @entity4 had to be stopped in 39 cases, reading as follows: 17 cases for relapses (seven local, six in the contro-lateral breast and four @entity2 (7%)). Also, 22 @entity1 (9%) interrupted their @entity4 for serious side-effects. A case-control study did not show any significant difference between with and without @entity4 @entity1 concerning the overall survival without relapse. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life of @entity1 was often substantially improved, and a deleterious effect on the @entity3 was not found. Our results are in agreement with the literature from other countries. However, one must be cautious. In such circumstances, @entity4 must be prescribed with the informed consent of the @entity1 and delivered in appropriate hospital and university centers. It is wished that large randomised prospective studies may be undertaken.

title: [Hormone replacement therapy in XXXX @entity1 : a study of 230 @entity1 , with a case-control study].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: After recalling the classical contra-indication of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) concerning @entity1 with a personal history of @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and arguments that may be opposed, the authors report the present results of a prospective study undertaken in the Center of @entity8 in Saint-Louis hospital in Paris since February 1992. @entity1 AND METHODS: By April 2001, 230 @entity1 had been included. A free interval of 2 years at least since the treatment of the primary @entity0 has been observed. The reasons for prescribing @entity4 were vasomotor troubles (flushes, nightly sweats) or a @entity7 , which were severe and not controlled by non-hormonal treatments. There was also an indication of a major @entity6 . In fact, many of these @entity1 had a premature, artificial, chemo-induced menopause. The @entity4 most often used was an estro-progestin association ( @entity5 + a @entity9 compound) given either continuously or with a 5-d interruption each month. The mean duration of treatment was 2.5 years. RESULTS: Results, concerning the improvement of menopause troubles, were remarkable in the great majority of troubles. @entity4 had to be stopped in 39 cases, reading as follows: 17 cases for relapses (seven local, six in the contro-lateral breast and four @entity2 (7%)). Also, 22 @entity1 (9%) interrupted their @entity4 for serious side-effects. A case-control study did not show any significant difference between with and without @entity4 @entity1 concerning the overall survival without relapse. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life of @entity1 was often substantially improved, and a deleterious effect on the @entity3 was not found. Our results are in agreement with the literature from other countries. However, one must be cautious. In such circumstances, @entity4 must be prescribed with the informed consent of the @entity1 and delivered in appropriate hospital and university centers. It is wished that large randomised prospective studies may be undertaken.

title: [Hormone replacement therapy in @entity0 XXXX : a study of 230 @entity1 , with a case-control study].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: After recalling the classical contra-indication of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) concerning @entity1 with a personal history of @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and arguments that may be opposed, the authors report the present results of a prospective study undertaken in the Center of @entity8 in Saint-Louis hospital in Paris since February 1992. @entity1 AND METHODS: By April 2001, 230 @entity1 had been included. A free interval of 2 years at least since the treatment of the primary @entity0 has been observed. The reasons for prescribing @entity4 were vasomotor troubles (flushes, nightly sweats) or a @entity7 , which were severe and not controlled by non-hormonal treatments. There was also an indication of a major @entity6 . In fact, many of these @entity1 had a premature, artificial, chemo-induced menopause. The @entity4 most often used was an estro-progestin association ( @entity5 + a @entity9 compound) given either continuously or with a 5-d interruption each month. The mean duration of treatment was 2.5 years. RESULTS: Results, concerning the improvement of menopause troubles, were remarkable in the great majority of troubles. @entity4 had to be stopped in 39 cases, reading as follows: 17 cases for relapses (seven local, six in the contro-lateral breast and four @entity2 (7%)). Also, 22 @entity1 (9%) interrupted their @entity4 for serious side-effects. A case-control study did not show any significant difference between with and without @entity4 @entity1 concerning the overall survival without relapse. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Quality of life of @entity1 was often substantially improved, and a deleterious effect on the @entity3 was not found. Our results are in agreement with the literature from other countries. However, one must be cautious. In such circumstances, @entity4 must be prescribed with the informed consent of the @entity1 and delivered in appropriate hospital and university centers. It is wished that large randomised prospective studies may be undertaken.

title: [Hormone replacement therapy in @entity0 @entity1 : a study of 230 XXXX , with a case-control study].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is often considered to be less frequent and less severe than @entity7 encountered in @entity0 receiving chemotherapy, although the issue has only been addressed in a few studies. It is possible that radiation oncologists undervalue the clinical relevance of @entity8 . If untreated, sickness produces an adverse effect on the @entity0 's quality of life and may cause interruption of the treatment with possible unfavorable effects on @entity1 control. A prospective observational trial on @entity8 has recently been published by the Italian Group for Antiemetic Research in Radiotherapy (IGARR). The study evidenced that the overall cumulative incidence of @entity3 and @entity2 occurred in about 40% of @entity0 undergoing radiotherapy, and that the irradiated site, radiation field size, and previous chemotherapy were significant risk factors. @entity0 submitted to abdominal radiotherapy were at major @entity3 and @entity2 (71%), followed by those treated on the thorax, brain, head and neck, and pelvis (49%, 40%, 40%%, and 39%, respectively). Few small randomized clinical trials have evaluated the efficacy of various antiemetic drugs in preventing @entity8 . Generally, @entity0 who entered these trials were those submitted to total body irradiation, half body irradiation or upper abdomen irradiation because of the greater risk of developing @entity7 . The few controlled trials published have shown that @entity6 receptor antagonists were effective in only about 50% of @entity0 , whereas @entity5 antagonists were more effective. Clinical practice guidelines for the use of antiemetics have recently been published by MASCC (Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer) and ASCO (American Society of Clinical Oncology). Unfortunately, their recommendations were quite different, when classifying radiation emetogenic risk categories and when giving indications for the use of antiemetic drugs. However, MASCC and ASCO recommendations both suggested a prophylaxis with a @entity5 antagonist and a corticosteroid for @entity0 submitted to high emetogenic radiotherapy. There is evidence about the effectiveness of oral @entity4 alone in fractionated upper abdomen radiotherapy and the use of a rescue antiemetic treatment as a possible alternative to the prophylaxis. Many questions remain open, and other prospective controlled trials on @entity8 are needed to answer them. Considering that radiotherapy to the abdomen, pelvis and thorax presents the most frequent problems in radiation oncology clinical practice, future trials on @entity8 should deal with these irradiated sites. The IGARR is carrying out a double-blind randomized clinical trial comparing prophylactic ondansetron plus @entity4 versus ondansetron and @entity4 given as a rescue treatment in @entity0 undergoing fractionated radiotherapy to the upper abdomen.

title: XXXX : a problem with many open questions.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the practice preferences among urologists treating @entity1 in the United States. METHODS: We surveyed 226 urologists using a specially designed survey instrument. The type of practice, number of urologists in group practice, annual volume of @entity0 with @entity1 , and those treated with intravesical therapy were assessed. We also obtained information on the American Urological Association section and year of graduation from urology residency training. RESULTS: Of the 226 contacted urologists, 105 (46%) returned a completed survey instrument. Seventeen percent were practicing in academic institutions and 63% were in independent community practice. Forty-five percent had graduated from urology training in or before 1985. Thirty-six percent were in small and 37% were in moderate-size groups. Thirty-five percent were treating a moderate number of @entity0 with @entity1 , and 44% were treating a large number of @entity0 annually. Thirty-two percent had a moderate number and 40% had a large number of @entity0 receiving intravesical therapy annually. Immunotherapy was preferred in @entity0 at high risk of recurrence. Intravesical chemotherapy was preferred by many for immunotherapy failure. The type of practice and year of graduation were the factors most frequently affecting treatment choice. CONCLUSIONS: Practice preferences for the management of @entity1 are in general agreement with the American Urological Association Bladder Cancer Guidelines Panel recommendations. However, 81% of surveyed urologists were still reluctant to refer @entity0 with high-grade Ta-T1 disease with failure after intravesical immunotherapy twice for more aggressive therapy such as cystectomy or radiotherapy.

title: Contemporary management of XXXX in the United States: a pattern of care analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Mutations of the TSH receptor leading to constitutive activation of the @entity2 cascade are responsible for the development of hot nodules, if arising in a somatic cell, and nonautoimmune @entity5 , when occurring in a germinal cell. An animal model of constitutive activation of the thyroid @entity2 cascade has been obtained by generating @entity1 expressing the @entity4 receptor (Tg-A2aR) under the control of the thyroglobulin promoter. These @entity1 develop huge @entity6 and die prematurely due to @entity5 induced @entity3 . To identify new genes involved in the tumorigenic pathway of the thyroid, we designed a protocol using microarray technology to study the differential expression, between normal and transgenic thyroid, of +/-13,000 genes. A total of 360 genes or expressed sequence tags showed a strong modulation with background corrected values of fluorescence superior to 2-fold change. The modulated genes were classified according to their proposed gene ontology functions. Approximately half of them were up-regulated. The function of the majority of these genes in thyroid physiology is still to be determined. Some of them, like @entity7 or @entity8 or 5, may play an important role in the development of thyroid nodules through paracrine mechanisms. This study demonstrates the feasibility of sequentially following the cascade of events leading to the formation of @entity0 such as hot thyroid nodule or hyperfunctional @entity6 .

title: Gene expression profile in thyroid of @entity1 overexpressing the XXXX receptor 2a.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Mutations of the TSH receptor leading to constitutive activation of the @entity2 cascade are responsible for the development of hot nodules, if arising in a somatic cell, and nonautoimmune @entity5 , when occurring in a germinal cell. An animal model of constitutive activation of the thyroid @entity2 cascade has been obtained by generating @entity1 expressing the @entity4 receptor (Tg-A2aR) under the control of the thyroglobulin promoter. These @entity1 develop huge @entity6 and die prematurely due to @entity5 induced @entity3 . To identify new genes involved in the tumorigenic pathway of the thyroid, we designed a protocol using microarray technology to study the differential expression, between normal and transgenic thyroid, of +/-13,000 genes. A total of 360 genes or expressed sequence tags showed a strong modulation with background corrected values of fluorescence superior to 2-fold change. The modulated genes were classified according to their proposed gene ontology functions. Approximately half of them were up-regulated. The function of the majority of these genes in thyroid physiology is still to be determined. Some of them, like @entity7 or @entity8 or 5, may play an important role in the development of thyroid nodules through paracrine mechanisms. This study demonstrates the feasibility of sequentially following the cascade of events leading to the formation of @entity0 such as hot thyroid nodule or hyperfunctional @entity6 .

title: Gene expression profile in thyroid of XXXX overexpressing the @entity4 receptor 2a.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In the phytopathogenic fungus @entity3 , pheromone-mediated cell fusion is a prerequisite for the generation of the infectious dikaryon. The pheromone signal elevates transcription of the pheromone genes and elicits formation of conjugation hyphae. @entity2 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling are involved in this process. The MAPK cascade is presumed to be composed of Ubc4 (MAPK kinase kinase), Fuz7 (MAPK kinase), and Ubc3/Kpp2 (MAPK). We isolated the kpp4 gene and found it to be allelic to ubc4. Epistasis analyses with constitutively active alleles of kpp4 and fuz7 substantiate that Kpp4, Fuz7, and Kpp2/Ubc3 are components of the same module. Moreover, we demonstrate that Fuz7 activates Kpp2 and shows interactions in vitro. Signaling via this cascade regulates expression of pheromone-responsive genes, presumably through acting on the transcription factor Prf1. Interestingly, the same cascade is needed for conjugation tube formation, and this process does not involve Prf1. In addition, fuz7 as well as kpp4 deletion strains are nonpathogenic, while kpp2 deletion mutants are only attenuated in pathogenesis. Here we show that strains expressing the unphosphorylatable allele kpp2( @entity4 / @entity5 ) are severely affected in @entity0 induction and @entity1 in early infection-related differentiation.

title: Mating and pathogenic development of the Smut fungus XXXX are regulated by one mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Spontaneous @entity4 is a major cause of @entity1 and disability, yet there is no convincing evidence of the benefit of any medical treatment and the role of surgery remains controversial. The international randomized @entity4 ( @entity4 ) provided an opportunity to assess the role of surgery within the centers taking part. METHODS: Screening logs were completed to record details of all @entity0 assessed by the department, whether they were included in the trial, the reasons if they were not included, and whether they underwent surgery. RESULTS: Logs were returned by 42 centers and cover 704 months. They include details on 1578 @entity0 with characteristics comparable to @entity4 inclusion criteria. Neurosurgeons were more likely to express clinical certainty about treatment for older @entity0 , @entity0 with a higher Glasgow @entity2 Score scale, and @entity0 in whom the @entity3 was located on the right or in the basal ganglia or thalamus. @entity0 for whom the neurosurgeon was certain about treatment were more likely to have the @entity3 removed if they were younger (62 versus 68 years of age), had a lower Glasgow @entity2 Scale score (10 versus 13), and had a lobar @entity3 (49% versus 40%). The operation rate varied between 74% in Lithuania and 2% in Hungary. CONCLUSIONS: The difference in operation rates could not be explained by differences in @entity0 characteristics alone. This finding demonstrates the need for further evidence to ensure that treatment for @entity4 is not governed by local custom.

title: International variations in surgical practice for spontaneous XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of specialist @entity2 ( @entity2 ) care of @entity2 @entity0 , there is still disagreement over how these units are best organized. We sought to clarify the role of continuous monitoring of physiological parameters in acute @entity3 . METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 268 first-ever @entity3 @entity0 admitted to our Cerebrovascular Department and allocated, according to the availability of beds, to the @entity2 or Cerebrovascular Unit (CU). Statistical analysis compared mortality and outcome at discharge, medical and @entity1 , and length of hospitalization in the 2 care settings. RESULTS: Two hundred sixty-eight @entity0 were enrolled. A good outcome at discharge, observed in 114 @entity2 @entity0 (85%) and 78 CU @entity0 (58%) (odds ratio, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.4 to 4.8; P<0.02), was found, on multivariate analysis, to be significantly related to type of care ( @entity2 versus CU). A significantly greater proportion of @entity2 @entity0 showed adverse changes in monitored parameters, which required acute medical treatment ( @entity2 : 64%; CU: 19%; P<0.0001). The mean duration of these complications was significantly shorter in the @entity2 @entity0 ( @entity2 : 1.0 day; CU: 2.4 days; P<0.02), and the outcome in @entity0 experiencing complications covered by the monitoring protocol was significantly better in the @entity2 (66%) than in the CU (35%) group (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Admission of @entity2 @entity0 to a monitoring @entity2 may positively influence their outcome at discharge. Confirmation of our findings in larger trials will indicate the need for a revision of the minimum requirements of SUs, with the addition of monitoring as a new requirement.

title: Role of monitoring in management of acute XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of specialist @entity2 ( @entity2 ) care of @entity2 @entity0 , there is still disagreement over how these units are best organized. We sought to clarify the role of continuous monitoring of physiological parameters in acute @entity3 . METHODS: We conducted a prospective study of 268 first-ever @entity3 @entity0 admitted to our Cerebrovascular Department and allocated, according to the availability of beds, to the @entity2 or Cerebrovascular Unit (CU). Statistical analysis compared mortality and outcome at discharge, medical and @entity1 , and length of hospitalization in the 2 care settings. RESULTS: Two hundred sixty-eight @entity0 were enrolled. A good outcome at discharge, observed in 114 @entity2 @entity0 (85%) and 78 CU @entity0 (58%) (odds ratio, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.4 to 4.8; P<0.02), was found, on multivariate analysis, to be significantly related to type of care ( @entity2 versus CU). A significantly greater proportion of @entity2 @entity0 showed adverse changes in monitored parameters, which required acute medical treatment ( @entity2 : 64%; CU: 19%; P<0.0001). The mean duration of these complications was significantly shorter in the @entity2 @entity0 ( @entity2 : 1.0 day; CU: 2.4 days; P<0.02), and the outcome in @entity0 experiencing complications covered by the monitoring protocol was significantly better in the @entity2 (66%) than in the CU (35%) group (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Admission of @entity2 @entity0 to a monitoring @entity2 may positively influence their outcome at discharge. Confirmation of our findings in larger trials will indicate the need for a revision of the minimum requirements of SUs, with the addition of monitoring as a new requirement.

title: Role of monitoring in management of acute @entity3 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 cell contamination of autologous peripheral blood stem cell samples (PBSC) and bone marrow (BM) is frequent. Enrichment of @entity5 + stem cells is a promising approach to purging @entity2 cells from autografts without damaging progenitor cells. @entity0 cells were seeded (10(-3)-10(-7)) into mononuclear cells from @entity3 -mobilised PBSC and BM harvests from @entity1 without @entity0 . @entity5 + cells were enriched from mixtures either by immunomagnetic separation (Isolex-50, and MiniMACS) or by @entity4 -streptavidin immunoaffinity columns (Ceprate-LC). @entity5 + cell fractions were determined by FACS, @entity2 cells were detected immunocytochemically with an anti-pancytokeratin antibody. The @entity5 + cells were enriched with a median purity of 92.2% (43.5-96.1) (n = 17) (Isolex-50), 96.5% (66.6-99.2) (n = 17) (MiniMACS) and 77.9% (31.4-93.6) (n = 15) (Ceprate-LC) from PBSC and BM harvests. The percentages of median recovery of @entity5 + cells were 30.8% (18.6-71.8) (Isolex-50), 69.9% (39.1-100) (MiniMACS) and 42.9% (23.7-100) (Ceprate-LC). The median @entity2 cell reductions in log steps were 3.7 (2.9-4.3) (n = 13) (Isolex-50), 3.5 (2.6-4.3) (n = 13) (MiniMACS) and 1.5 (0.9-2.9) (n = 17) (Ceprate-LC). Results were compared statistically by univariate analysis. Purity was significantly (P < 0.05) better after MiniMACS selection. Recovery rates were significantly different between all devices tested. @entity2 cell purging was superior after immunomagnetic separation (P < 0.001). @entity2 cell purging is a main objective of @entity5 + selection in the autologous setting. Our in vitro data clearly indicate that immunomagnetic separation is more efficient in the prevention of accidental reinfusion of contaminating @entity2 cells compared to immunoaffinity. However, it is not yet known if the same results can be obtained with fresh contaminating @entity2 cells.

title: Purging and haemopoietic progenitor cell selection by XXXX + cell separation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: This study analyzed the occlusions of 489 @entity0 at the onset of the mixed dentition period (mean age 5.1 years, range 4.0-7.8 years). These @entity0 participate in an ongoing clinical trial that is investigating the effects of orthodontic intervention in the early mixed dentition. The aim was to report the occlusal findings at the baseline. The frequencies of mesial step, flush terminal plane, and distal step were 19.1%, 47.8%, and 33.1%, respectively. The @entity1 relationship was Class I in 46.1%, Class II in 52.4%, and Class III in 1.5% of the sides examined. An asymmetrical @entity1 relationship was found in 30.1% of the @entity0 , significantly more often on the right side than on the left (P <.001). Overjet ranged from -2 to +10 mm with a mean of 2.9 mm. Overbite ranged from -5 to +8 mm with a mean of 2.8 mm. Excessive (> or =4 mm) overjet was found in 26.7% and overbite in 33.8% of the @entity0 ; in 15.5% of the @entity0 , both variables were 4 mm or more. Anterior crowding was detected in the maxillary arch in 11.6% and in the mandibular arch in 38.9% of the @entity0 . @entity0 showed mandibular crowding more often than @entity0 (P <.01). A posterior crossbite was found in 7.5% of the @entity0 , unilaterally in 6.4% and bilaterally in 1.1%. Scissors-bite was detected in 1.1% and an anterior crossbite in 2.2% of the @entity0 . The mean maximal opening was 40.3 mm. Joint sounds were registered in 5.2% of the @entity0 . The prevalence of @entity2 was between 67.7% and 92.7%, depending on the values of unacceptable parameters used for each occlusal characteristic.

title: Occurrence of XXXX and need of orthodontic treatment in early mixed dentition.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been implicated in ischaemic, excitotoxic and traumatic @entity2 in rodents. The naturally occurring @entity5 ( @entity5 ) markedly reduces @entity3 in these conditions. However, the effects of @entity5 on focal, @entity4 in the @entity0 , which is of major clinical relevance, have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to test the effects of @entity5 on cell death after @entity4 , and to investigate the therapeutic time window for @entity5 treatment. Ischaemia was induced by temporary (60 min) occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) in @entity0 , via surgical insertion (and subsequent removal) of a thread into the internal carotid artery. Damage was quantified at various times after MCAO to investigate the temporal progression of damage and establish an appropriate time to assess the effects of @entity5 on cell death. Cell death was complete 18-24 h after temporary MCAO. Intracerebroventricular injection of @entity5 (10 microg) at the time of MCAO and 60 min later reduced the lesion volume measured 24 h (57% reduction) or 48 h (52% reduction) after MCAO. Cell death was also significantly reduced when @entity5 (20 microg) was administered as a single injection, 1 h (47%), 2 h (57%) or 3 h (46%) after MCAO, when compared to vehicle. These data show that @entity5 markedly reduces cell death even when administration is delayed until 3 h after induction of reversible, focal @entity4 in the @entity0 , and support our proposal that @entity5 may be of therapeutic benefit in @entity1 .

title: Delayed administration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protects against XXXX in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) has been implicated in ischaemic, excitotoxic and traumatic @entity2 in rodents. The naturally occurring @entity5 ( @entity5 ) markedly reduces @entity3 in these conditions. However, the effects of @entity5 on focal, @entity4 in the @entity0 , which is of major clinical relevance, have not been reported. The objectives of this study were to test the effects of @entity5 on cell death after @entity4 , and to investigate the therapeutic time window for @entity5 treatment. Ischaemia was induced by temporary (60 min) occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) in @entity0 , via surgical insertion (and subsequent removal) of a thread into the internal carotid artery. Damage was quantified at various times after MCAO to investigate the temporal progression of damage and establish an appropriate time to assess the effects of @entity5 on cell death. Cell death was complete 18-24 h after temporary MCAO. Intracerebroventricular injection of @entity5 (10 microg) at the time of MCAO and 60 min later reduced the lesion volume measured 24 h (57% reduction) or 48 h (52% reduction) after MCAO. Cell death was also significantly reduced when @entity5 (20 microg) was administered as a single injection, 1 h (47%), 2 h (57%) or 3 h (46%) after MCAO, when compared to vehicle. These data show that @entity5 markedly reduces cell death even when administration is delayed until 3 h after induction of reversible, focal @entity4 in the @entity0 , and support our proposal that @entity5 may be of therapeutic benefit in @entity1 .

title: Delayed administration of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protects against @entity4 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity14 (MIM 181450) includes @entity15 , @entity3 , delayed @entity9 , and mammary and apocrine gland @entity1 . @entity12 (MIM 113300) presents with shortening of the metacarpals and phalanges in the ulnar ray in association with moderately @entity3 . We describe a three-generation family with variable expression of @entity13 , @entity11 , ulnar ray defects and @entity3 . The proband had @entity13 with missing IV-Vth fingers, fibular @entity1 on the right, bilateral @entity10 , @entity3 , a hypoplastic mid-face, an @entity5 and @entity7 . She had normal mammary tissue and normal sweating. The mother had @entity3 , @entity4 , a hypoplastic ulna and @entity1 of the IVth metacarpal ( @entity11 ) on the right without other associated @entity2 . The maternal grandfather had mild @entity8 and midphalangeal @entity11 of the @entity6 . His sister had mild @entity3 and shortening of the IVth metacarpal of the left hand. Two-point linkage analysis with microsatellite markers spanning the Ulnar-Mammary locus at 12q24.1 did not confirm linkage. The @entity0 may have a previously undescribed syndrome.

title: Ulnar/fibular ray defect and XXXX in a family: a possible new autosomal dominant syndrome.

answer: @entity11


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity7 consists of a @entity1 accompanied by @entity3 and hydrothorax. Elevated serum CA 125 levels in postmenopausal @entity0 with solid adnexal masses, @entity3 and @entity4 are highly suggestive for @entity1 . However, @entity0 with @entity7 can also have elevated serum CA 125 levels. The authors report a case of @entity7 with elevated CA 125 level. OBJECTIVE: This is a case report of @entity7 with elevated CA 125 level. CASE REPORT: A 65-year-old Brazilian @entity0 had presented progressive @entity5 , @entity2 and decline in general condition over the 7 months preceding admission to our service. In another hospital, the @entity0 had been submitted to thoracic drainage due to @entity4 . With recurrence of the @entity4 and increase in abdominal volume due to @entity3 and a pelvic mass, the @entity0 sought our service. Transvaginal ultrasound showed an extensive adnexal solid mass of 16.4 x 10.8 cm located in the pelvis without exact limits, and the serum CA 125 level was elevated. With a preoperative diagnosis of @entity1 , the @entity0 was submitted to exploratory laparotomy, which revealed @entity1 . The frozen section diagnosis was @entity6 . Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. The histology of the specimen confirmed the diagnosis of @entity6 . The @entity0 was asymptomatic with a normal serum CA 125 level 20 months after the operation.

title: XXXX with elevated CA 125: case report.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: An increased incidence of paediatric @entity2 was reported recently by our group. AIMS: To assess the incidence and characteristics of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in northern Stockholm between 1990 and 2001. METHODS: All records of individuals 0-15 years of age with suspected @entity1 in the population based catchment area of 180000 individuals were scrutinised using defined diagnostic criteria. @entity0 files were searched for relatives with @entity1 , and for concomitant @entity4 . RESULTS: A total of 152 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity1 , corresponding to an overall incidence (per 100000) of @entity1 of 7.4. The incidence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was 4.9, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) 2.2, and indeterminate @entity5 0.2. Between 1990 and 2001, there was a marked increase in the incidence of @entity2 while the incidence of @entity3 was almost unchanged, leading to a net increase in the overall occurrence of @entity1 . There was a male dominance of @entity2 . Fourteen per cent and 11% of @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity3 , respectively, had a first or second degree relative with @entity1 . Eighteen per cent and 10% of @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity3 , respectively, had a concomitant @entity4 . Ten @entity0 with @entity2 (10%) underwent surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of @entity2 has increased in northern Stockholm. The current incidence is higher than that reported from other areas. Our results suggest a shift in presentation and diagnosis from @entity3 towards @entity2 , but also a net increase in @entity1 . Concomitant @entity4 and family history are common in paediatric @entity1 .

title: Changing pattern of paediatric XXXX in northern Stockholm 1990-2001.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This paper has by objective to study the @entity1 's presence, presentation form and consequences in our environment. METHODS: A prospective study in hypothermic @entity0 assisted in the Medical Clinic Emergency Service of Santa @entity3 of S o Paulo, with 212 @entity0 with mild, moderate and serious @entity1 from 1987 to 2001, the most part of them constituted by chronic alcoholics and homeless. The results were analyzed in reference to sex, age group, central temperature, electrocardiogram, co-morbidity and mortality. RESULTS: The @entity1 prevailed in the male sex with 75.9%. As age group prevailed the age between 30 and 59 years. In 70.3% of the @entity0 the central temperature went lower than 32 C, and in 26.4% of these, the temperature was lower than 28 C. The association with infectious processes happened in 76.8% of the cases. The @entity0 with mild @entity1 answered better at therapeutics (96.8%) when compared with the moderate hypothermic (72.1%) and serious (87.5%) @entity0 . The Osborn's wave was present in 42.6% of the @entity0 . The general mortality was 38.2%. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 in Emergency Services from Tropical Country is an undeniable fact. The paramedic and medics should be alert and trained to recognize this disease of high morbidity and mortality. The mortality increases with the presence of associated diseases, particularly infectious processes, @entity2 .

title: [Accidental XXXX cases in a tropical country].

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Oxidative stress has been described as 'a disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. In @entity7 @entity0 , an increase in oxidative stress may occur because of the @entity4 , and may be exacerbated by dialysis. This review will focus on the emerging biochemical evidence of an increase in oxidative stress in @entity7 @entity0 , the relationship with renal replacement therapy, and the potential linkages to acute-phase @entity1 , @entity8 , and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in @entity7 @entity0 . RECENT FINDINGS: Many studies from multiple research laboratories around the world have recently utilized in-vivo biomarkers to describe increased oxidative stress in @entity7 @entity0 . An emerging literature suggests that there are links between an increase in oxidative stress, @entity6 , an increase in acute-phase @entity1 , and an accelerated risk of @entity2 in dialysis @entity0 . Additional @entity10 -associated @entity5 , including @entity9 , intravenous @entity3 exposure, and biocompatibility changes related to dialysis, may contribute to an increase in oxidative stress. Finally, two well-conducted pilot clinical randomized trials have suggested that antioxidant therapy may have efficacy in reducing cardiovascular events in @entity7 @entity0 . SUMMARY: The implications of the findings of a generalized increase in oxidative stress associated with @entity10 have led to the suggestion that antioxidative therapy may be efficacious in reducing @entity2 . Pilot studies have suggested potential efficacy for this approach. However, further large-scale randomized clinical trials will be required to establish a compelling, evidence-based approach to the use of antioxidants in @entity0 with @entity10 .

title: Oxidative stress in XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity0 protein Z is a @entity3 -dependent plasma glycoprotein, deficiency of which leads to a mild @entity1 tendency. Protein Z appears to assist hemostasis by binding thrombin and promoting its association with phospholipid vesicles. In this study, to characterize the gene for protein Z, its organization and structure were determined by a combination of PCR amplification of leukocyte DNA and isolation of phage clones from a @entity0 genomic library. The gene spanned about 14 kb and consisted of 9 exons including one alternative exon. It was of note that the gene organization was essentially identical to that of other @entity3 -dependent proteins, such as factors VII, IX, and X and protein C. The nucleotides in introns at exon/intron boundaries for eight regular exons were the consensus GT-AG sequences. In contrast, the sequence at an optional exon/intron junction was found to be GC rather than GT. The extra exon inserts a unique peptide consisting of 22 @entity2 in the prepro-leader sequence. A similar situation was previously observed in factor VII, but not in other @entity3 -dependent plasma proteins. We also assigned the gene for protein Z to chromosome 13 by PCR amplification of genomic DNAs from @entity0 /hamster cell hybrids. Fluorescence in situ hybridization, employing a genomic clone coding for @entity0 protein Z, further localized the gene to band q34, where the genes of three other @entity3 -dependent proteins are clustered. These genes may have evolved via duplication of an ancestral gene at this locus.

title: The gene for XXXX protein Z is localized to chromosome 13 at band q34 and is coded by eight regular exons and one alternative exon.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe laparoscopically assisted anorectovaginoplasty (LAARVP) for the repair of selected types of female @entity2 . METHODS: Five cases (case 1, @entity3 with a high rectum; case 2, rectovestibular @entity1 with double vagina; case 3, rectovestibular @entity1 with absent vagina; case 4, @entity1 with absent vagina; case 5, cloaca) were reviewed. RESULTS: @entity0 4 had undergone a posterior sagittal anorectoplasty without vaginoplasty at another hospital after misdiagnosis of @entity1 . Mean age at LAARVP was 15.4 months. At LAARVP, the @entity1 was divided in cases 1 through 4 and dissected as low as possible in case 5. In cases 3 and 4, the distal @entity1 was used to create the neovagina. In cases 1 through 3, the proximal rectum was mobilized and brought through the pelvic floor sphincter muscles using Georgeson's laparoscopically assisted colon pull-through technique through a minimal perineal incision. A posterior sagittal incision was required in cases 4 and 5. However, the initial laparoscopic approach was very helpful in both cases. Currently, all @entity0 are well after a mean follow-up period of 32.2 months. Mean current age is 4.0 years. @entity0 1 through 3 are continent, @entity0 4 is incontinent with soiling, and @entity0 5 is too young to be evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: LAARVP helps to achieve low dissection of the @entity1 , gives optimal view of the pelvic organs, provides accurate placement of the anorectal pull-through, and minimizes abdominal perineal scars.

title: Laparoscopically assisted anorectovaginoplasty for selected types of female XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several factors are implicated in transabdominal testicular descent, including insulinlike factor 3 ( @entity1 ) hormone and M  llerian-inhibiting substance (MIS). A transgene insertional mutation found on chromosome 5 in the @entity0 , known as @entity2 , causes deletion of a transmembrane G protein-coupled receptor gene, Great, which is highly expressed in the gubernaculum. The authors describe here a detailed analysis of the testicular descent and gubernacular development in @entity2 @entity0 to determine the role of the Great gene in this process. METHODS: Homozygous ( @entity2 / @entity2 ) mutant and wild-type heterozygous ( @entity2 /+) @entity0 were examined at birth (D 0) and at days 10 (D 10) and 30 (D 30) postnatally. Serial sagittal or coronal sections were analyzed for position of the gonads and cremaster sac development. RESULTS: Transabdominal testicular descent was absent at D 0 in @entity2 / @entity2 homozygous @entity0 with no swelling reaction in the gubernacula. By D 10 the cremaster sac was significantly thinner (P <.05) and contained less collagen in the mutants than in the wild-type controls. On D 30 the cremaster sacs of mutant males were similar in thickness to those in females. CONCLUSIONS: Disruption of the Great gene causes failure of the transabdominal phase of descent, identical to that seen in the @entity1 -deficient mutants, consistent with the recent data suggesting that Great gene encodes the @entity1 transmembrane receptor. No differences between D 30 mutant males and females were found in the gubernacula, suggesting that @entity1 /Great signaling regulates gubernacular development.

title: Transabdominal testicular descent is disrupted in XXXX with deletion of insulinlike factor 3 receptor.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Although of great importance to clinicians, hospitals, and health care systems, little is known about factors that influence treatment satisfaction after @entity7 ( @entity7 ). The objective of this study was to identify potentially modifiable factors associated with treatment satisfaction 7 months after @entity7 . METHODS: The study population included 1957 @entity0 with @entity7 who were enrolled in the multicenter, prospective Veterans' Health Administration Access to Cardiology Study. The primary outcome was treatment satisfaction 7 months after @entity7 as measured by the Seattle Angina Questionnaire. Multivariable regression models were developed to determine the association between treatment satisfaction and @entity0 characteristics, physician- @entity0 communication, and current angina frequency. RESULTS: @entity0 characteristics associated with reduced treatment satisfaction included a history of @entity2 , @entity6 , prior heart surgery, @entity4 , @entity1 , younger age, and a discharge diagnosis of @entity8 (as opposed to @entity3 ). After adjusting for @entity0 characteristics, @entity0 -reported inability to reach one or more of their physicians (OR, 2.40; 95% CI, 1.47 to 3.91), being given confusing information (OR, 3.48; 95% CI, 2.08 to 5.83), and poor overall communication with one or more of their physicians (OR, 4.94; 95% CI, 2.93 to 8.34) were all associated with reduced satisfaction. Finally, after adjustment for both @entity0 characteristics and physician communication, weekly (OR, 3.52; 95% CI, 2.28 to 5.45) and daily angina (OR, 3.88; 95% CI, 2.23 to 6.75) were associated with worse treatment satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Current @entity5 and aspects of physician communication are independently associated with treatment satisfaction after @entity7 . These results suggest that treatment satisfaction may be improved through better communication and better control of @entity5 .

title: Impact of angina burden and other factors on treatment satisfaction after XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In an attempt to find a more sensitive and specific non-invasive diagnostic assay for the detection of @entity3 cells, the authors assayed the exfoliated cells from @entity0 's voided urine and bladder washing fluids for the presence of telomerase, an enzyme that maintains a cell's chromosomal length, metalloproteinase-9 ( @entity4 ), which has been associated with @entity2 cell invasion and @entity1 . Their results were compared with both voided urine cytology (VUC) and bladder wash cytology (BWC) for the detection of @entity3 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors used preoperative voided morning urine samples from 110 subjects for telomerase, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and cytology. Bladder wash samples were obtained for telomerase and cytology. Of 110 cases 73 were histologically diagnosed as @entity3 , whereas the remaining 16 had benign @entity6 . A group of 21 healthy volunteers were also enrolled in this study. Cystoscopy was done for all @entity0 as the reference standard for the identification of @entity3 . Biopsy of any suspicious lesion was performed for histopathological examination. RESULTS: Receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curves were used to determine the optimal threshold values for telomerase activity in urine, bladder wash and @entity4 [0.05, 0.088 and 0.51 (ng/ml), respectively]. The levels and the positivity rates of telomerase activity and @entity4 were significantly higher in the malignant group compared to either the benign group or normal controls. @entity3 @entity0 with positive cytology revealed positive telomerase activity in urine, bladder wash, and @entity4 in 92%, 87% and 61%, respectively. Also, these positive rates were significantly higher in bilharzial @entity3 cases (88%, 89%, 69%, respectively) compared to non-bilharzial cases (50%, 62.5%, 50%). The overall sensitivity and specificity were 83% and 88.6%, 86.3% and 78.3% for telomerase activity in urine, and in bladder wash, respectively. 66.6% and 80% for @entity4 , 58.5% and 100% for voided urine cytology and 64.4% and 100% for bladder wash cytology. Combined sensitivity of VUC with the 2 biomarkers together was higher than either combined sensitivity of VUC with one of the biomarkers or than that of the biomarker alone. CONCLUSION: Urinary telomerase and @entity4 had superior sensitivities over VUC; moreover, combined use of these markers increased the sensitivity of cytology from 58.46% to 95%. The higher sensitivities of markers in bilharzial @entity3 than non-bilharzial type highlight their clinical utility in screening @entity0 with @entity5 .

title: Diagnostic value of urinary molecular markers in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has previously been shown that various inflammatory diseases, such as @entity1 , @entity4 , chronic @entity2 , and @entity3 , are in some circumstances genetically linked to the same chromosomal regions. Consequently, common genes underlying the pathogenetics of these diseases have been proposed. Chronic inflammatory disorders can be subdivided by their predominant immune response, either @entity5 or TH2. For example, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a @entity5 disease, and @entity4 is a TH2 disease. OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the polymorphism @entity9 within the @entity6 gene, a strong TH2 cytokine. We attempted to determine whether it is associated with these 2 diseases and whether this would reflect the @entity5 /TH2 paradigm. METHODS: @entity9 was typed in 4 different populations: asthmatic @entity0 , atopic @entity0 , @entity0 with @entity7 , and a control population. Statistical analysis was performed by using logistic and linear regression analysis of serum IgE levels and the Armitage trend test. RESULTS: The variant @entity8 110 was shown to be associated with increased total serum IgE levels in our atopic population (P =.006) and was weakly associated with @entity4 (P =.04). There was no association of the variant with @entity7 when compared with the control population. However, the variant Gln110 was significantly less frequent in @entity0 with @entity7 compared with its presence in @entity0 with @entity4 (P =.007). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to compare the same gene variant in @entity5 and TH2 chronic inflammatory diseases. The results suggest that the same gene variant might protect from one disease and make an individual susceptible to the other.

title: Association study of the XXXX variant @entity9 in atopic diseases and @entity7 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: It has previously been shown that various inflammatory diseases, such as @entity1 , @entity4 , chronic @entity2 , and @entity3 , are in some circumstances genetically linked to the same chromosomal regions. Consequently, common genes underlying the pathogenetics of these diseases have been proposed. Chronic inflammatory disorders can be subdivided by their predominant immune response, either @entity5 or TH2. For example, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a @entity5 disease, and @entity4 is a TH2 disease. OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the polymorphism @entity9 within the @entity6 gene, a strong TH2 cytokine. We attempted to determine whether it is associated with these 2 diseases and whether this would reflect the @entity5 /TH2 paradigm. METHODS: @entity9 was typed in 4 different populations: asthmatic @entity0 , atopic @entity0 , @entity0 with @entity7 , and a control population. Statistical analysis was performed by using logistic and linear regression analysis of serum IgE levels and the Armitage trend test. RESULTS: The variant @entity8 110 was shown to be associated with increased total serum IgE levels in our atopic population (P =.006) and was weakly associated with @entity4 (P =.04). There was no association of the variant with @entity7 when compared with the control population. However, the variant Gln110 was significantly less frequent in @entity0 with @entity7 compared with its presence in @entity0 with @entity4 (P =.007). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to compare the same gene variant in @entity5 and TH2 chronic inflammatory diseases. The results suggest that the same gene variant might protect from one disease and make an individual susceptible to the other.

title: Association study of the @entity6 variant @entity9 in atopic diseases and XXXX .

answer: @entity7