abstract: In HL-60 cells, @entity3 (RA) and 9 cis-RA induce granulocytic differentiation, and @entity4 and @entity7 induce monocytic differentiation. To study the role of @entity0 resistance on the response to these agents, we investigated their effects in HL-60 cells, @entity0 -resistant HL-60R cells, and HL-60R+ cells in which @entity0 sensitivity has been restored. In HL-60 cells, @entity6 (ctsd) mRNA levels are increased by these agents and by cholera toxin after pretreatment with each agent. @entity4 , 9 cis-RA, and @entity7 increase @entity1 ( @entity1 ) mRNA expression, and pretreatment with these agents or RA potentiates the stimulation of @entity1 by @entity5 ( @entity2 ). Pretreatment of HL-60 cells with all of the agents confers inducibility of @entity8 (ctsl) mRNA by TPA in previously unresponsive cells. In HL-60R cells, none of the agents alone or in combination significantly enhances the expression of the ctsd, @entity1 , or ctsl mRNAs. @entity0 stimulation (either alone or in combination with the other agents) of the three mRNAs is partially restored in the HL-60R+ cells. @entity4 does not alter the expression of any of these mRNAs, and only the stimulation of @entity1 mRNA by @entity7 is recovered. Treatment with all of the agents inhibits proliferation and stimulates differentiation of the HL-60 cells. RA and @entity4 are unable to inhibit proliferation of the HL-60R cells, whereas only @entity4 fails to inhibit proliferation of the HL-60R+ cells. None of the agents induces differentiation in either the HL-60R or HL-60R+ cells. Therefore, the mutation of the RA receptor alpha is insufficient to account for the altered responses of the HL-60R cells, and there are likely defects in other signaling pathways in these cells. These cells may prove useful in examining the mechanism of cross-resistance between various differentiating agents.

title: Comparative responsiveness of HL-60, HL-60R, and HL-60R+ (LRARSN) cells to XXXX , @entity4 , 9 cis-retinoic acid, and @entity7 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In HL-60 cells, @entity3 (RA) and 9 cis-RA induce granulocytic differentiation, and @entity4 and @entity7 induce monocytic differentiation. To study the role of @entity0 resistance on the response to these agents, we investigated their effects in HL-60 cells, @entity0 -resistant HL-60R cells, and HL-60R+ cells in which @entity0 sensitivity has been restored. In HL-60 cells, @entity6 (ctsd) mRNA levels are increased by these agents and by cholera toxin after pretreatment with each agent. @entity4 , 9 cis-RA, and @entity7 increase @entity1 ( @entity1 ) mRNA expression, and pretreatment with these agents or RA potentiates the stimulation of @entity1 by @entity5 ( @entity2 ). Pretreatment of HL-60 cells with all of the agents confers inducibility of @entity8 (ctsl) mRNA by TPA in previously unresponsive cells. In HL-60R cells, none of the agents alone or in combination significantly enhances the expression of the ctsd, @entity1 , or ctsl mRNAs. @entity0 stimulation (either alone or in combination with the other agents) of the three mRNAs is partially restored in the HL-60R+ cells. @entity4 does not alter the expression of any of these mRNAs, and only the stimulation of @entity1 mRNA by @entity7 is recovered. Treatment with all of the agents inhibits proliferation and stimulates differentiation of the HL-60 cells. RA and @entity4 are unable to inhibit proliferation of the HL-60R cells, whereas only @entity4 fails to inhibit proliferation of the HL-60R+ cells. None of the agents induces differentiation in either the HL-60R or HL-60R+ cells. Therefore, the mutation of the RA receptor alpha is insufficient to account for the altered responses of the HL-60R cells, and there are likely defects in other signaling pathways in these cells. These cells may prove useful in examining the mechanism of cross-resistance between various differentiating agents.

title: Comparative responsiveness of HL-60, HL-60R, and HL-60R+ (LRARSN) cells to @entity3 , @entity4 , 9 cis-retinoic acid, and XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: To illustrate spontaneous resolution of macular epiretinal membranes and inactivation of retinal @entity5 exudation after @entity3 potentiated @entity6 laser treatment of bilateral @entity8 in a @entity0 with a de novo heterozygous deletion in Exon 2 of the @entity2 gene. METHODS: Interventional case report. RESULTS: A 23-year-old @entity0 with subjective @entity1 , @entity7 , and glare. On presentation, visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left eye with metamorphopsia. On the basis of bilateral @entity4 on clinical examination and characterization with multimodal imaging, a diagnosis of @entity2 was made. Genetic testing identified a de novo, disease-causing heterozygous deletion in Exon 2 of the @entity2 gene. The @entity0 underwent 4 sessions of @entity3 potentiated 532 nm @entity6 green laser treatment directed at @entity4 . No adverse sequelae of laser treatment were noted. Seven months after the initial presentation, the @entity0 's vision was 20/20 in both eyes with interval resolution of metamorphopsia. There was spontaneous resolution of a macular epiretinal membrane with normalization of the macular retinal microstructure. The @entity4 in both eyes appeared inactive, and no new lesions were noted. CONCLUSION: @entity3 potentiated @entity6 laser successfully treated bilateral @entity4 in our @entity0 with @entity2 . Additional studies to characterize the full clinical potential of @entity3 potentiated @entity6 laser therapy may be warranted.

title: SPONTANEOUS RESOLUTION OF MACULAR EPIRETINAL MEMBRANES AFTER XXXX POTENTIATED @entity6 LASER TREATMENT OF VON HIPPEL-LINDAU ASSOCIATED RETINAL HEMANGIOMAS: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To illustrate spontaneous resolution of macular epiretinal membranes and inactivation of retinal @entity5 exudation after @entity3 potentiated @entity6 laser treatment of bilateral @entity8 in a @entity0 with a de novo heterozygous deletion in Exon 2 of the @entity2 gene. METHODS: Interventional case report. RESULTS: A 23-year-old @entity0 with subjective @entity1 , @entity7 , and glare. On presentation, visual acuity was 20/20 in the right eye and 20/25 in the left eye with metamorphopsia. On the basis of bilateral @entity4 on clinical examination and characterization with multimodal imaging, a diagnosis of @entity2 was made. Genetic testing identified a de novo, disease-causing heterozygous deletion in Exon 2 of the @entity2 gene. The @entity0 underwent 4 sessions of @entity3 potentiated 532 nm @entity6 green laser treatment directed at @entity4 . No adverse sequelae of laser treatment were noted. Seven months after the initial presentation, the @entity0 's vision was 20/20 in both eyes with interval resolution of metamorphopsia. There was spontaneous resolution of a macular epiretinal membrane with normalization of the macular retinal microstructure. The @entity4 in both eyes appeared inactive, and no new lesions were noted. CONCLUSION: @entity3 potentiated @entity6 laser successfully treated bilateral @entity4 in our @entity0 with @entity2 . Additional studies to characterize the full clinical potential of @entity3 potentiated @entity6 laser therapy may be warranted.

title: SPONTANEOUS RESOLUTION OF MACULAR EPIRETINAL MEMBRANES AFTER @entity3 POTENTIATED XXXX LASER TREATMENT OF VON HIPPEL-LINDAU ASSOCIATED RETINAL HEMANGIOMAS: CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF LITERATURE.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Over 20years ago, our laboratory showed that @entity4 ( @entity4 ) signals through the @entity9 -associated @entity6 kinase @entity5 . We showed that @entity4 binding to its membrane-bound receptor enhances binding of @entity5 to the @entity9 , activates @entity5 , and stimulates @entity12 phosphorylation of both @entity5 and @entity9 . The activated @entity5 / @entity9 complex recruits a variety of signaling proteins, thereby initiating multiple signaling pathways and cellular responses. These proteins and pathways include: 1) Stat transcription factors implicated in the expression of multiple genes, including the gene encoding insulin-like growth factor 1; 2) Shc adapter proteins that lead to activation of the @entity11 -SOS-Ras-Raf- @entity8 - @entity3 pathway; 3) insulin receptor substrate proteins implicated in the @entity7 -3-kinase and @entity2 pathway; 4) signal regulatory protein a, a transmembrane scaffold protein that recruits proteins including the @entity6 phosphatase @entity10 ) @entity13 , a scaffold protein that can activate @entity5 and enhance @entity4 regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Our recent work has focused on the function of @entity13 . We have shown that SH2B1b is recruited to and phosphorylated by @entity5 in response to @entity4 . @entity13 localizes to the plasma membrane, cytoplasm and focal adhesions; it also cycles through the nucleus. @entity13 regulates the actin cytoskeleton and promotes @entity4 -dependent motility of RAW264.7 macrophages. Mutations in @entity13 have been found in @entity0 exhibiting severe early-onset @entity1 and insulin resistance. These mutations impair @entity13 enhancement of @entity4 -induced macrophage motility. As @entity13 is expressed ubiquitously and is also recruited to a variety of receptor @entity6 kinases, our results raise the possibility that effects of @entity13 on the actin cytoskeleton in various cell types, including neurons, may play a role in regulating body weight.

title: XXXX signaling pathways.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cannabis use during pregnancy has been associated with negative behavioral outcomes and psychopathology in offspring. However, there has been little research evaluating alterations in brain structure as a result of maternal @entity2 use. In this prospective study, we investigated the association between prenatal @entity2 exposure and brain morphology in young @entity0 . METHODS: We matched 96 @entity0 prenatally exposed to @entity1 only (without @entity2 ) with 113 unexposed control subjects on the basis of age and gender and subsequently selected 54 @entity0 exposed to prenatal @entity2 (mostly combined with @entity1 exposure). These @entity0 (aged 6 to 8 years) were part of a population-based study in the Netherlands, the Generation R Study, and were followed from pregnancy onward. We assessed brain volumetric measures and cortical thickness in magnetic resonance imaging scans using FreeSurfer. We performed vertex-wise analyses in FreeSurfer and linear regression analyses adjusting for relevant covariates using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. RESULTS: Prenatal @entity2 exposure was not associated with global brain volumes, such as total brain volume, gray matter volume, or white matter volume. However, prenatal @entity2 exposure was associated with differences in cortical thickness: compared with nonexposed control subjects, @entity2 -exposed @entity0 had thicker frontal cortices. Prenatal @entity1 exposure compared with nonexposed control subjects was associated with cortical thinning, primarily in the superior frontal and superior parietal cortices. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest an association between prenatal @entity2 exposure and cortical thickness in @entity0 . Further research is needed to explore the causal nature of this association.

title: Prenatal Cannabis and XXXX Exposure in Relation to Brain Morphology: A Prospective Neuroimaging Study in Young @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cannabis use during pregnancy has been associated with negative behavioral outcomes and psychopathology in offspring. However, there has been little research evaluating alterations in brain structure as a result of maternal @entity2 use. In this prospective study, we investigated the association between prenatal @entity2 exposure and brain morphology in young @entity0 . METHODS: We matched 96 @entity0 prenatally exposed to @entity1 only (without @entity2 ) with 113 unexposed control subjects on the basis of age and gender and subsequently selected 54 @entity0 exposed to prenatal @entity2 (mostly combined with @entity1 exposure). These @entity0 (aged 6 to 8 years) were part of a population-based study in the Netherlands, the Generation R Study, and were followed from pregnancy onward. We assessed brain volumetric measures and cortical thickness in magnetic resonance imaging scans using FreeSurfer. We performed vertex-wise analyses in FreeSurfer and linear regression analyses adjusting for relevant covariates using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. RESULTS: Prenatal @entity2 exposure was not associated with global brain volumes, such as total brain volume, gray matter volume, or white matter volume. However, prenatal @entity2 exposure was associated with differences in cortical thickness: compared with nonexposed control subjects, @entity2 -exposed @entity0 had thicker frontal cortices. Prenatal @entity1 exposure compared with nonexposed control subjects was associated with cortical thinning, primarily in the superior frontal and superior parietal cortices. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest an association between prenatal @entity2 exposure and cortical thickness in @entity0 . Further research is needed to explore the causal nature of this association.

title: Prenatal Cannabis and @entity1 Exposure in Relation to Brain Morphology: A Prospective Neuroimaging Study in Young XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Microglial proliferation and activation are common events in the injured CNS. The mechanisms, however, by which activated microglia are eliminated following a pathological stimulus are still poorly understood. The present study has therefore examined microglial proliferation by 3H- @entity2 autoradiography and programmed cell death by terminal transferase-mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) and in situ end labeling (ISEL) of nuclear DNA fragments in two models of @entity3 , i.e. sciatic and @entity6 in the @entity0 . In these models, microglial activation and proliferation occur in CNS projection areas, i.e. in the ventral and dorsal gray matter of lumbar spinal cord and in the nucleus gracilis after sciatic nerve transection as well as in the axotomized hypoglossal nucleus. At these sites, microglial proliferation had a relatively sharp peak between days 2 and 3 post-lesion and then rapidly declined. DNA fragmentation was detected in lectin (GSI-B4)-positive microglia from day 6 after axotomy onward, reached an apparent peak at day 21 and was downregulated by day 60, i.e. the latest time point investigated. However, the expression of @entity4 and @entity5 .e. genes potentially controlling programmed cell death, was found to be unchanged during this period. Programmed cell death thus appears to be one mechanism by which activated microglia are gradually eliminated following CNS @entity1 state of microglial cell numbers is achieved in vivo. Expression of microglial growth factors may be instrumental in controlling these processes.

title: Microglial turnover in the injured CNS: activated microglia undergo delayed DNA fragmentation following XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: We used population pharmacokinetic-parameter estimates and designed a fixed dosing schedule to maintain plasma @entity11 concentrations between 100 and 300 micrograms/mL and then evaluated its performance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: On day 1, @entity0 received a 200-mg test dose and 1,000-mg/m2 loading dose. On days 2, 3, 4, and 5, @entity0 received 1-hour infusions of 400, 300, 250, and 200 mg/m2, respectively. Subsequent 1-hour infusions of 275 mg/m2 were given on days 8, 11, 15, 19, 22, 29, 36, 43, 50, 57, 67, and 78. Therapy was discontinued for dose-limiting @entity2 (DLT) or @entity1 ( @entity1 ). @entity0 were to be removed from the fixed dosing schedule if, after day 5, three consecutive peak plasma @entity11 concentrations were greater than 300 micrograms/mL. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity0 , including 40 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), received 700 infusions. Forty @entity0 were assessable for @entity2 ; 38 were assessable for response. Two @entity0 with preexisting @entity6 died early of @entity9 . Treatment was discontinued in five @entity0 due to DLT and in seven due to @entity1 . No @entity0 had treatment discontinued due to repeated peak plasma @entity11 concentrations > or = 300 micrograms/mL. The fixed dosing schedule was precise, unbiased, and well tolerated. DLT consisted of grade 4 nephrotoxicity (n = 2), @entity10 (n = 2), and @entity4 -induced @entity7 (n = 1). Three @entity0 , who received all 18 doses of @entity11 per protocol, developed severe, but not dose-limiting, malaise, fatigue, and lethargy. Twenty-four of 36 assessable @entity0 with elevated serum @entity8 levels had a > or = 50% reduction, lasting more than 4 weeks, and 18 had a > or = 75% reduction, lasting more than 4 weeks. Twelve of 23 (52%) symptomatic @entity5 @entity0 noted a subjective improvement in @entity3 . There were no measurable responses in four @entity0 with measurable disease. The estimated median survival time in 38 assessable @entity0 with @entity5 was 18.8 months. The estimated median time to progression in 35 @entity0 , for whom data were available, was 10.1 months. CONCLUSION: This easily implemented schedule allowed @entity11 to be administered safely as an intermittent bolus injection. @entity2 was manageable and reversible.

title: Development and validation of a pharmacokinetically based fixed dosing scheme for XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the outcomes, complications, and survivorship of @entity6 proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasty at a minimum of 5-year follow-up. METHODS: A review of 97 implants in 72 consecutive @entity0 from our joint arthroplasty database was undertaken. @entity0 demographics, complications, further surgery, and implant revision were recorded. Objective outcome was assessed by grip strength, range of motion, and radiological assessment of alignment, loosening, and subsidence. Subjective outcome was assessed by @entity0 Evaluation Measure; Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand score; and visual analog scores (0, best; 10, worst) for appearance, satisfaction, and @entity2 . RESULTS: Diagnosis was @entity4 in 60 joints, @entity3 in 12 joints, @entity5 in 11 joints, and @entity1 in 14 joints. The average follow-up was 118 months (range, 60-164 months). The mean arc of motion was 35   (range, 0   to 90  ). There was no difference in grip strength between operated and nonoperated side. Of the 97 implants, 36 required additional surgery, of which 14 were revised and 22 required reconstruction around a retained implant. The average @entity0 Evaluation Measure and Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores were 33 (range, 10-69) and 35 (range, 0-93), respectively. Mean visual analog scores for @entity2 , satisfaction, and appearance were 2 (range, 0-8), 7 (0-10), and 8 (0-10), respectively. All implants had a lucent line with nearly all classified as either Herren grade 2 or 3. Progressive loosening was seen in 48% of implants. Implant survival as assessed by Kaplan-Meier was 85% at both 5 and 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 relief and maintenance of preoperative arc of motion was achieved with no major deterioration over time. Most implant revisions were performed within 24 months of the index procedure. Currently progressive loosening was not translated into revision surgery. Implant revision rate was higher than with other prostheses. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic IV.

title: XXXX Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthroplasty: Minimum Five-Year Follow-Up.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: It has been suggested that oxidative stress is one of the pathomechanisms underlying @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and thus antioxidants such as @entity1 (UA) that could reduce oxidative stress might be beneficial in the prevention or treatment of this disease. The objective of this study was to prospectively investigate serum UA levels in Korean @entity2 @entity0 and to relate them to disease progression. METHODS: @entity2 @entity0 and healthy controls who were individually well-matched for sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) underwent blood testing for serum UA levels, and analyzed whether UA levels were correlated with the disease status of the @entity0 , as defined by the @entity2 Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R). RESULTS: The study included 136 @entity2 @entity0 and 136 matched controls. The UA level was lower in the @entity2 @entity0 (4.50  1.17 mg/dL, mean  SD) than in the controls (5.51  1.22 mg/dL; p<0.001). Among the @entity2 @entity0 , the level of UA acid was inversely correlated with the rate of disease progression (decrease in ALSFRS-R score). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that a better survival rate was more strongly correlated with top-tertile levels of serum UA than with bottom-tertile levels (log-rank test: p=0.035). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 @entity0 had lower serum UA levels than did healthy individuals. UA levels in @entity2 were negatively correlated with the rate of disease progression and positively associated with survival, suggesting that UA levels contribute to the progression of @entity2 . UA levels could be considered a biomarker of disease progression in the early phase in @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Prognostic Role of Serum Levels of XXXX in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity1 causes substantial morbidity and mortality in all age groups, current recommendations emphasize annual immunization for @entity0 at high risk for complications of @entity1 . We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of vaccination against @entity1 in healthy, working adults. METHODS: In the fall of 1994, we recruited working adults from 18 to 64 years of age from in and around the Minneapolis-St. Paul area and randomly assigned them to receive either @entity1 vaccine or placebo injections. The primary study outcomes included upper @entity2 , absenteeism from work because of upper @entity2 , and visits to physicians' offices for upper @entity2 . The economic benefits of vaccination were analyzed by estimating the direct and indirect costs associated with immunization and with upper @entity2 . RESULTS: We enrolled a total of 849 subjects. Baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups. During the follow-up period, consisting of the 1994-1995 @entity1 season (December 1, 1994, through March 31, 1995), those who received the vaccine reported 25 percent fewer episodes of upper @entity2 than those who received the placebo (105 vs. 140 episodes per 100 subjects, P < 0.001), 43 percent fewer days of sick leave from work due to upper @entity2 (70 vs. 122 days per 100 subjects, P = 0.001), and 44 percent fewer visits to physicians' offices for upper @entity2 (31 vs. 55 visits per 100 subjects, P = 0.004). The cost savings were estimated to be  46.85 per @entity0 vaccinated. CONCLUSIONS: Vaccination against @entity1 has substantial health-related and economic benefits for healthy, working adults.

title: The effectiveness of vaccination against XXXX in healthy, working adults.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This paper reports two cases of @entity6 in the elderly (over 70 years old). The first case is a 74-year-old @entity0 who was referred to us due to gait and @entity4 . She was first treated conservatively because she showed signs of @entity5 , but her @entity1 grew remarkably and rapidly after placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt and then was partially resected. After two shunt revisions, the @entity0 developed @entity2 , which became the main cause of her @entity3 . The second case was a 79-year-old female who was referred to us due to progressive @entity4 . She was operated on and her @entity1 was totally resected. A bilateral subduroperitoneal shunt was placed to @entity2 . Postoperatively, her visual field improved remarkably. When treating @entity6 in the elderly, it is advisable to choose a conservative approach if applicable. When a more radical therapeutic approach is taken, it should be borne in mind that preexisting @entity5 and @entity2 due to @entity7 often preclude the @entity0 's early recovery.

title: [Two operated cases of XXXX in @entity0 over 70 years old].

answer: @entity6


abstract: This paper reports two cases of @entity6 in the elderly (over 70 years old). The first case is a 74-year-old @entity0 who was referred to us due to gait and @entity4 . She was first treated conservatively because she showed signs of @entity5 , but her @entity1 grew remarkably and rapidly after placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt and then was partially resected. After two shunt revisions, the @entity0 developed @entity2 , which became the main cause of her @entity3 . The second case was a 79-year-old female who was referred to us due to progressive @entity4 . She was operated on and her @entity1 was totally resected. A bilateral subduroperitoneal shunt was placed to @entity2 . Postoperatively, her visual field improved remarkably. When treating @entity6 in the elderly, it is advisable to choose a conservative approach if applicable. When a more radical therapeutic approach is taken, it should be borne in mind that preexisting @entity5 and @entity2 due to @entity7 often preclude the @entity0 's early recovery.

title: [Two operated cases of @entity6 in XXXX over 70 years old].

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Alkaliphilic haloarchaea, a distinct physiological group from the closely related @entity2 , represent an underutilized resource for basic research and industrial applications. In contrast to the @entity2 , no reports on genomic manipulations in haloalkaliphiles have been published until now. Genomic manipulations via homologous recombination are useful for basic research. In this study, we demonstrate the possibility for this strategy in alkaliphilic haloarchaea for the first time. In a previous study, we developed a @entity1 -mediated transformation technique for alkaliphilic haloarchaea that was deployed in this study to deliver a gene disruption cassette into the model organism @entity4 . The gene encoding for the well-studied Natrialba extracellular protease was successfully disrupted by a recombination marker gene, demonstrating a proof of principle for the usability of homologous recombination for genomic manipulations in alkaliphilic haloarchaea. Since halo(alkali)philic Archaea are polyploid, a selection process was applied in order to obtain a mutant strain containing exclusively disrupted genes. The resulting strain exhibited no proteolytic activity measurable by an @entity3 -casein assay. Complementation was able to restore proteolytic activity. The expression pattern of the Natrialba extracellular protease was different in the @entity0 .

title: Genomic manipulations in alkaliphilic haloarchaea demonstrated by a gene disruption in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Outcome of JDM is highly heterogeneous. Our objective was to determine clinical and muscle biopsy features associated with poor outcome and response to treatment. METHODS: Clinical data and muscle biopsy were obtained from a monocentric cohort of 29 @entity0 . Clinical subgroups were defined by latent class model analysis of initial and follow-up parameters. Myopathological features were analysed using validated scores. @entity5 was determined on reconstructions of transversal sections and assessed in the different age groups to take into account variations of muscle capillarization during post-natal development. Regression models were used to identify initial predictors of therapeutic response. RESULTS: Two distinct homogeneous subgroups of @entity0 were identified according to clinical severity and pathological findings. The smallest group of @entity0 (7/29) presented with severe JDM. Compared with the other group (22/29), @entity0 had more severe @entity6 at disease onset, low remission rate at 12 months, frequent @entity1 or @entity4 and higher myopathological scores (capillary dropout, perifascicular @entity2 /regeneration, fibres with internal myonuclei and @entity3 subscores). Relevance of capillary dropout to JDM severity was substantiated by age-based analysis, confirming its major role in JDM pathophysiology. Most of these manifestations could be related to @entity7 (limb @entity1 , @entity4 , capillary dropout). Furthermore, Childhood @entity8 Assessment Scale <34 with either @entity4 or muscle endomysial @entity3 at disease onset were the best predictors of poor response to treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity7 is prominent in severe JDM. Simple criteria can be used at initial evaluation to identify @entity0 requiring a more intensive therapy.

title: XXXX -related clinical and pathological features are associated with severe juvenile dermatomyositis.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Gastric occult blood screening has been performed for 242296 @entity0 from 1986 to 1993. 30227 @entity0 had positive reactions to the occult blood reagent. Among them, 17915 @entity0 were asked to accept gastroscopy exam, and 638 @entity3 were found. The @entity1 detection rates were 3.56%. 4774 @entity0 were asked to accept screening twice and 203 @entity0 were asked to accept screening three times. After follow-up, the @entity1 detection rates were 2.11% for occult blood positive group if the screening was conducted once a year. The missing case was 0.77% for negative group and it was 0.05% in the same group if the screening was performed twice. Lastly, the missing case would be decreased to 0% when the @entity0 undergone the exam, for three times in continuity. Two thirds of @entity0 still belonged to the early-middle stage of @entity1 . The 5-year survival rates were 95.2%. The missing case of @entity1 would be reduced to 0% if the screening was conducted for three years in continuity. The @entity2 rates were deducted as well. It is certified that this method is the most effective and reliable way for reducing the @entity2 rate of @entity1 and screening of the upper digestive tract @entity1 .

title: Inspection for @entity3 at regular intervals is the optimum program for the screening of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Gastric occult blood screening has been performed for 242296 @entity0 from 1986 to 1993. 30227 @entity0 had positive reactions to the occult blood reagent. Among them, 17915 @entity0 were asked to accept gastroscopy exam, and 638 @entity3 were found. The @entity1 detection rates were 3.56%. 4774 @entity0 were asked to accept screening twice and 203 @entity0 were asked to accept screening three times. After follow-up, the @entity1 detection rates were 2.11% for occult blood positive group if the screening was conducted once a year. The missing case was 0.77% for negative group and it was 0.05% in the same group if the screening was performed twice. Lastly, the missing case would be decreased to 0% when the @entity0 undergone the exam, for three times in continuity. Two thirds of @entity0 still belonged to the early-middle stage of @entity1 . The 5-year survival rates were 95.2%. The missing case of @entity1 would be reduced to 0% if the screening was conducted for three years in continuity. The @entity2 rates were deducted as well. It is certified that this method is the most effective and reliable way for reducing the @entity2 rate of @entity1 and screening of the upper digestive tract @entity1 .

title: Inspection for XXXX at regular intervals is the optimum program for the screening of @entity3 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: From October 1987 to June 1993, 105 @entity0 with liver @entity3 including 71 @entity0 with @entity5 were admitted to the emergency unit of the H  pital Sud in Marseilles. Mean age was 32 +/- 15 years, ranging from 16 to 77 years. 77 were male and 28 were female. 83 cases presented with closed @entity3 , and there were 11 by knife wounds and 11 gun shot injuries. 22 @entity0 , including 10 with @entity5 , were not operated. Operation was decided immediately in 38 cases for @entity7 or during the following six hours because of unstable blood pressure after four units of blood transfusion. The absorbable perihepatic mesh was used by 3 surgeons and 3 others used classical procedures (sutures, packing). Global mortality was 15%. The morbidity (31%) was not different from other reports but was significantly lower when using the mesh (p = 0.002). This technique can achieve rapid and lasting hemostasis and bilistasis without any increase of @entity6 or @entity2 compared to conventional procedures, and without any alteration of laboratory parameters, as shown by specific laboratory tests and follow-up liver biopsies. The mesh also avoids compression of the adjacent organs, compared to packing, thereby avoiding respiratory and @entity1 and reoperation. It can be used in a septic context and in combination with all kinds of radiologic follow-up and percutaneous @entity4 and drainage.

title: [Current place of thr perihepatic absorbable mesh. Apropos of a series of 105 XXXX of the liver].

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE AND METHODS: We reviewed 64 orthopedic stabilization procedures in 60 consecutive @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 to previously unirradiated femurs, acetabula, and humeri with pathologic or impending pathologic @entity4 . Thirty-five @entity0 who received adjuvant postoperative radiation therapy were compared with 29 @entity0 who were treated with surgery alone. Many potential perioperative and @entity2 prognostic variables were evaluated. RESULTS: On univariate analysis, surgery plus radiation therapy and prefracture functional status were the only significant predictors of @entity0 who achieved normal use of the extremity (with or without @entity3 ) after surgery; on Cox multivariate analysis, only postoperative radiation therapy was significant (P = .02). Surgery-related factors such as use of @entity5 , location of @entity4 , and type of surgery were not associated with improved functional status. The estimated probability of achieving normal use of the extremity (with or without @entity3 ) any time was 53% for postoperative radiation therapy versus 11.5% for surgery alone (P < .01). Second orthopedic procedures to the same site were more frequent in the group that received surgery alone. The actuarial median survival duration of the surgery-alone group was 3.3 months, compared with 12.4 months for the postoperative radiation therapy group (P = .02). CONCLUSION: While this study is limited by possible unaccountable selection biases, only postoperative radiation therapy was associated with @entity0 regaining normal use of their extremity (with or without @entity3 ) and undergoing fewer reoperations to the same site. The improved overall survival associated with postoperative radiation therapy may represent selection bias.

title: Impact of postoperative radiation therapy and other perioperative factors on outcome after orthopedic stabilization of impending or pathologic fractures due to XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. In order to evaluate whether treatment with different antihypertensive drugs would affect plasma @entity9 levels, 118 mild to moderate essential @entity1 subjects, all males, aged 18 to 65 years, were randomly treated with @entity11 10 mg, @entity10 100 mg, @entity5 25 mg or @entity12 20 mg, all given once daily for 8 weeks. 2. Before and after 8 weeks' treatment, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), @entity9 , total @entity2 (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C, @entity8 (TG), plasma @entity3 , plasma @entity4 , serum @entity7 and serum @entity6 were evaluated. 3. All four medications significantly reduced BP values, although the BP lowering effect of @entity12 , @entity11 and @entity10 was significantly greater compared with that of @entity5 . 4. Plasma @entity9 levels were unaffected by @entity10 , @entity5 and @entity11 , whereas they were significantly decreased by @entity12 (-11.2%, P = 0.002). This @entity9 lowering effect was more evident in smokers (-17.7%) than in non smokers (-7.4%). 5. @entity10 and @entity11 did not significantly affect plasma lipids, @entity5 increased TC, LDL-C and TG and reduced HDL-C; @entity12 increased HDL-C and decreased TC and LDL-C. 6. @entity5 increased plasma @entity3 and @entity4 concentrations, which were unaffected by the other drugs. The diuretic also reduced serum @entity6 . 7. The results of this study indicate that @entity12 reduces levels of plasma @entity9 and confirm that different antihypertensive drugs may elicit different metabolic effects, which may variously influence the overall risk profile of the @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Effects of different antihypertensive drugs on plasma @entity9 in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. In order to evaluate whether treatment with different antihypertensive drugs would affect plasma @entity9 levels, 118 mild to moderate essential @entity1 subjects, all males, aged 18 to 65 years, were randomly treated with @entity11 10 mg, @entity10 100 mg, @entity5 25 mg or @entity12 20 mg, all given once daily for 8 weeks. 2. Before and after 8 weeks' treatment, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), @entity9 , total @entity2 (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C, @entity8 (TG), plasma @entity3 , plasma @entity4 , serum @entity7 and serum @entity6 were evaluated. 3. All four medications significantly reduced BP values, although the BP lowering effect of @entity12 , @entity11 and @entity10 was significantly greater compared with that of @entity5 . 4. Plasma @entity9 levels were unaffected by @entity10 , @entity5 and @entity11 , whereas they were significantly decreased by @entity12 (-11.2%, P = 0.002). This @entity9 lowering effect was more evident in smokers (-17.7%) than in non smokers (-7.4%). 5. @entity10 and @entity11 did not significantly affect plasma lipids, @entity5 increased TC, LDL-C and TG and reduced HDL-C; @entity12 increased HDL-C and decreased TC and LDL-C. 6. @entity5 increased plasma @entity3 and @entity4 concentrations, which were unaffected by the other drugs. The diuretic also reduced serum @entity6 . 7. The results of this study indicate that @entity12 reduces levels of plasma @entity9 and confirm that different antihypertensive drugs may elicit different metabolic effects, which may variously influence the overall risk profile of the @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Effects of different antihypertensive drugs on plasma XXXX in @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: 1. In order to evaluate whether treatment with different antihypertensive drugs would affect plasma @entity9 levels, 118 mild to moderate essential @entity1 subjects, all males, aged 18 to 65 years, were randomly treated with @entity11 10 mg, @entity10 100 mg, @entity5 25 mg or @entity12 20 mg, all given once daily for 8 weeks. 2. Before and after 8 weeks' treatment, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), @entity9 , total @entity2 (TC), HDL-C, LDL-C, @entity8 (TG), plasma @entity3 , plasma @entity4 , serum @entity7 and serum @entity6 were evaluated. 3. All four medications significantly reduced BP values, although the BP lowering effect of @entity12 , @entity11 and @entity10 was significantly greater compared with that of @entity5 . 4. Plasma @entity9 levels were unaffected by @entity10 , @entity5 and @entity11 , whereas they were significantly decreased by @entity12 (-11.2%, P = 0.002). This @entity9 lowering effect was more evident in smokers (-17.7%) than in non smokers (-7.4%). 5. @entity10 and @entity11 did not significantly affect plasma lipids, @entity5 increased TC, LDL-C and TG and reduced HDL-C; @entity12 increased HDL-C and decreased TC and LDL-C. 6. @entity5 increased plasma @entity3 and @entity4 concentrations, which were unaffected by the other drugs. The diuretic also reduced serum @entity6 . 7. The results of this study indicate that @entity12 reduces levels of plasma @entity9 and confirm that different antihypertensive drugs may elicit different metabolic effects, which may variously influence the overall risk profile of the @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Effects of different antihypertensive drugs on plasma @entity9 in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 are known to play a central role in processes such as growth and development. Virtually nothing is known about their importance in tooth development, an attractive and frequently used experimental model for studies of developmental processes. A @entity5 -depleted state was created in tooth cells in an organ culture system. First lower molar germs from 16-and 17.5-day old @entity0 fetuses were used. @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were used to deplete the cells from their @entity5 content. @entity5 interconversion and catabolism were prevented by @entity6 (AG). In day-16 germs cultured in serum-containing medium, @entity9 reduced the frequency of cycling cells as shown by @entity2 incorporation, and induced a delay of odontoblast differentiation of about 24 h. Under the same conditions, @entity3 induced an arrest of histo-morphogenesis, correlated to a significant decrease in the rate of cell proliferation. Addition of @entity4 prevented @entity9 - and @entity3 -induced delay of tooth differentiation. Interestingly, @entity3 did not delay the terminal differentiation of odontoblasts and ameloblasts in cultured day-17.5 molars; in these, cells at the tip of the cusps are only a few hours before their withdrawal from the cell cycle. In serum-deprived medium, dental cytodifferentiations did not occur. Addition of @entity7 or @entity8 to serum-free media, however, allowed for tooth morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation. Tooth explants in a serum-deprived medium reacted to @entity9 in a cytocidal fashion, whereas @entity3 showed only a mild @entity1 in some cell types. Addition of @entity7 to @entity9 -containing medium prevented its cytotoxic effect. Addition of @entity8 to @entity3 -containing medium not only prevented its mild @entity1 but also allowed for predentin secretion by differentiated odontoblasts. The results are discussed with regard to the well-established developmental events of tooth germs cultured in vitro and with respect to present knowledge of @entity5 metabolism and their involvement in cellular processes.

title: XXXX depletion-mediated effects on @entity0 odontogenesis are dependent on tooth developmental stage and culture conditions.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity4 are known to play a central role in processes such as growth and development. Virtually nothing is known about their importance in tooth development, an attractive and frequently used experimental model for studies of developmental processes. A @entity5 -depleted state was created in tooth cells in an organ culture system. First lower molar germs from 16-and 17.5-day old @entity0 fetuses were used. @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were used to deplete the cells from their @entity5 content. @entity5 interconversion and catabolism were prevented by @entity6 (AG). In day-16 germs cultured in serum-containing medium, @entity9 reduced the frequency of cycling cells as shown by @entity2 incorporation, and induced a delay of odontoblast differentiation of about 24 h. Under the same conditions, @entity3 induced an arrest of histo-morphogenesis, correlated to a significant decrease in the rate of cell proliferation. Addition of @entity4 prevented @entity9 - and @entity3 -induced delay of tooth differentiation. Interestingly, @entity3 did not delay the terminal differentiation of odontoblasts and ameloblasts in cultured day-17.5 molars; in these, cells at the tip of the cusps are only a few hours before their withdrawal from the cell cycle. In serum-deprived medium, dental cytodifferentiations did not occur. Addition of @entity7 or @entity8 to serum-free media, however, allowed for tooth morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation. Tooth explants in a serum-deprived medium reacted to @entity9 in a cytocidal fashion, whereas @entity3 showed only a mild @entity1 in some cell types. Addition of @entity7 to @entity9 -containing medium prevented its cytotoxic effect. Addition of @entity8 to @entity3 -containing medium not only prevented its mild @entity1 but also allowed for predentin secretion by differentiated odontoblasts. The results are discussed with regard to the well-established developmental events of tooth germs cultured in vitro and with respect to present knowledge of @entity5 metabolism and their involvement in cellular processes.

title: @entity5 depletion-mediated effects on XXXX odontogenesis are dependent on tooth developmental stage and culture conditions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Participation bias might affect the results and the representability of randomised controlled trials. We investigated the degree of socio-demographic and psychosocial participation bias in the Danish @entity1 Screening Trial (DLCST). METHODS: In DLCST the questionnaire COS-LC (Consequences of Screening in @entity1 ) was used to measure the psychosocial aspects of screening. To investigate a difference with a comparable representative sample from the Danish population, we sent out an inclusion questionnaire to 3999 Danes in the age from 50 to 70 years randomly selected from the Central National Register. Those who completed the inclusion questionnaire and met the inclusion criteria from DLCST received the COS-LC. Those who completed the COS-LC-and thus formed a population sample comparable to DLCST - were compared to the DLCST @entity0 on socio-demographics and psychosocial measures. RESULTS: Participation rates were high among the comparable population sample: 75.3% completed the inclusion questionnaire and 77.4% of those who were eligible completed the COS-LC. The analyses revealed differences between the DLCST @entity0 and the comparable population sample in the following socio-demographic aspects: social group, living alone, gender, age and geographical area. DLCST @entity0 reported less negative psychosocial aspects than the comparable population sample. CONCLUSION: The present study has shown substantial socio-demographic and psychosocial participation bias in DLCST.

title: Participation bias in a randomised trial of screening for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Classification of @entity1 has changed markedly in recent years and advances have been made in therapy. This study investigated the variations in treatment and survival of 1622 @entity0 in a population-based registry. A total of 1009 cases of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were classified according to the Kiel classification. Pathology review resulted in major diagnostic changes for 24% of cases. Of the @entity1 cases, 39% had not had full staging procedures. Younger @entity0 were more likely to have been treated with multiagent chemotherapy regimens, as were @entity0 with B symptoms. Median survival for @entity1 @entity0 was 12 months for high-grade @entity0 and more than 60 months for low-grade @entity0 . Significant factors affecting the survival of @entity1 @entity0 were performance status, whether treatment had followed a recognised protocol, whether treatment had been carried out at a specialist oncology centre (SOC), grade of disease, stage, gender and age. The same factors had a significant effect on survival of the @entity3 @entity0 , except for treatment at an SOC, which had a significant favourable effect on survival of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 only. Median survival for @entity0 with @entity4 was 43 months and 7 months for @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Treatment and survival of XXXX in the north-west of England: a population-based study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Piritrexim is a lipid-soluble drug which is as effective an inhibitor of @entity5 reductase as methotrexate. Phase I and II studies have indicated activity in some @entity1 types. Because of its lipophilicity we have conducted a phase II study in recurrent high-grade @entity2 (grades III and IV). Twenty-seven @entity0 were treated with 25 mg p.o. three times daily for five consecutive days, repeated weekly, with provision for dose escalation or reduction according to @entity3 . Five @entity0 received less than 4 weeks' treatment because of disease progression or @entity4 . Twenty-two @entity0 were evaluable for response. One complete and one partial response was seen (duration 262+ and 241+ weeks) and 13 @entity0 had static disease for a median duration of 13 weeks (range 7-35). The major @entity3 was myelosuppression. This response rate of 9% of evaluable @entity0 is much lower than that seen for some conventionally used drugs and we conclude that piritrexim is unlikely to be of value in the management of high-grade @entity2 .

title: A phase II study of oral piritrexim in recurrent high-grade (III, IV) XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Ultrasound-guided puncture is indispensable for the injection of local anesthetic in the interfascial space, the space between 2 muscle fasciae. Interfascial infiltration or block may be useful in treating @entity1 in the trapezius muscle. METHODS: (1) In 5 cadavers, we studied the diffusion of a physiological saline and latex solution in the interfascial space of the upper muscles of the back, and performed a histological study of the fasciae. (2) We performed an @entity2 in 25 @entity0 with @entity1 in the trapezius muscle. Depending on the trigger point location, the block was performed between the trapezius and the levator scapulae or between the trapezius and the rhomboideus major. RESULTS: In all cadavers, anatomical dissection showed the latex in the interfascial space. The histological study confirmed the presence of nerve structures in the fasciae and in the interfascial space itself. @entity1 was assessed in all @entity0 on a visual analog scale (VAS) before and after the injection (at rest and in motion). Preinjection: mean VAS 6.4 (at rest) and 7.6 (in motion). Postinjection: mean VAS 1 (at rest) and 1.6 (in motion). DISCUSSION: The anatomical, histological, and ultrasound findings in the cadaver study confirmed the diffusion of the solution in the interfascial space. Study in @entity0 confirms that the @entity2 in the back musculature can be as effective as in the abdominal musculature. The presence of nerve structures in this space, confirmed by the histological study, seems to explain the @entity1 relief reported by the @entity0 with this interfascial technique.

title: Is @entity2 with ultrasound-guided puncture useful in treatment of XXXX of the trapezius muscle?

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Ultrasound-guided puncture is indispensable for the injection of local anesthetic in the interfascial space, the space between 2 muscle fasciae. Interfascial infiltration or block may be useful in treating @entity1 in the trapezius muscle. METHODS: (1) In 5 cadavers, we studied the diffusion of a physiological saline and latex solution in the interfascial space of the upper muscles of the back, and performed a histological study of the fasciae. (2) We performed an @entity2 in 25 @entity0 with @entity1 in the trapezius muscle. Depending on the trigger point location, the block was performed between the trapezius and the levator scapulae or between the trapezius and the rhomboideus major. RESULTS: In all cadavers, anatomical dissection showed the latex in the interfascial space. The histological study confirmed the presence of nerve structures in the fasciae and in the interfascial space itself. @entity1 was assessed in all @entity0 on a visual analog scale (VAS) before and after the injection (at rest and in motion). Preinjection: mean VAS 6.4 (at rest) and 7.6 (in motion). Postinjection: mean VAS 1 (at rest) and 1.6 (in motion). DISCUSSION: The anatomical, histological, and ultrasound findings in the cadaver study confirmed the diffusion of the solution in the interfascial space. Study in @entity0 confirms that the @entity2 in the back musculature can be as effective as in the abdominal musculature. The presence of nerve structures in this space, confirmed by the histological study, seems to explain the @entity1 relief reported by the @entity0 with this interfascial technique.

title: Is XXXX with ultrasound-guided puncture useful in treatment of @entity1 of the trapezius muscle?

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 is a chemopreventive agent for @entity6 . Ion transport systems are often altered in @entity0 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to clarify the alterations of @entity4 -sensing receptor ( @entity8 ), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, in @entity2 . We analyzed the expression of @entity8 in @entity2 cell lines and in @entity1 and @entity5 tissues by RT-PCR and immunostaining. In addition, we analyzed methylation of the @entity8 promoter by using bisulfite sequence analysis and methylation-specific PCR. @entity8 mRNA and protein expression was significantly downregulated in most of the @entity1 cell lines. CpG islands were densely methylated in @entity1 cell lines with reduced @entity8 mRNA expression. Treatment with a demethylating agent, @entity11 , and/or a histone deacetylase inhibitor, @entity10 , restored @entity8 expression in the @entity1 cell lines. Disruption of @entity8 expression in @entity8 -unmethylated HCT-8 cells blocked the enhancing effect of @entity3 on the cytotoxic response to @entity7 . @entity8 expression was observed in normal colonic epithelial cells and was retained in most @entity5 tissues. @entity8 mRNA and protein expression was significantly downregulated in @entity1 tissues. There was an inverse relationship between @entity8 expression and degree of differentiation. Immunohistochemical @entity8 staining was reduced more predominantly in less-differentiated @entity1 tissues and/or in @entity1 cells at the invasive front, where nuclear/cytoplasmic @entity9 was often localized. @entity8 methylation was detected in 69% of @entity2 tissues and 90% of lymph node metastatic tissues and was significantly correlated with reduced @entity8 expression. @entity8 methylation was also detected in 32% of advanced @entity5 tissues but was detected in only 9% of @entity5 tissues and was not detected in hyperplastic polyp tissues. @entity8 methylation seems to occur at an early stage and progress in @entity2 . The results suggest that epigenetic inactivation of @entity8 has an important role in @entity2 .

title: Epigenetic inactivation of @entity4 -sensing receptor in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 is a chemopreventive agent for @entity6 . Ion transport systems are often altered in @entity0 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to clarify the alterations of @entity4 -sensing receptor ( @entity8 ), a member of the G protein-coupled receptor family, in @entity2 . We analyzed the expression of @entity8 in @entity2 cell lines and in @entity1 and @entity5 tissues by RT-PCR and immunostaining. In addition, we analyzed methylation of the @entity8 promoter by using bisulfite sequence analysis and methylation-specific PCR. @entity8 mRNA and protein expression was significantly downregulated in most of the @entity1 cell lines. CpG islands were densely methylated in @entity1 cell lines with reduced @entity8 mRNA expression. Treatment with a demethylating agent, @entity11 , and/or a histone deacetylase inhibitor, @entity10 , restored @entity8 expression in the @entity1 cell lines. Disruption of @entity8 expression in @entity8 -unmethylated HCT-8 cells blocked the enhancing effect of @entity3 on the cytotoxic response to @entity7 . @entity8 expression was observed in normal colonic epithelial cells and was retained in most @entity5 tissues. @entity8 mRNA and protein expression was significantly downregulated in @entity1 tissues. There was an inverse relationship between @entity8 expression and degree of differentiation. Immunohistochemical @entity8 staining was reduced more predominantly in less-differentiated @entity1 tissues and/or in @entity1 cells at the invasive front, where nuclear/cytoplasmic @entity9 was often localized. @entity8 methylation was detected in 69% of @entity2 tissues and 90% of lymph node metastatic tissues and was significantly correlated with reduced @entity8 expression. @entity8 methylation was also detected in 32% of advanced @entity5 tissues but was detected in only 9% of @entity5 tissues and was not detected in hyperplastic polyp tissues. @entity8 methylation seems to occur at an early stage and progress in @entity2 . The results suggest that epigenetic inactivation of @entity8 has an important role in @entity2 .

title: Epigenetic inactivation of XXXX -sensing receptor in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Individuals at the forefront of a range shift are likely to exhibit phenotypic traits that distinguish them from the population breeding within the historic range. Recent studies have examined morphological, physiological and behavioral phenotypes of individuals at the edge of their range. Several studies have found differences in the @entity1 activity in response to acute restraint stress in individuals at the range limits. @entity1 activation leads to elevations in glucocorticoids that regulate physiology and behavior. Here we compare the hormonal  profiles and morphometrics from Gambel' @entity0 -crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii) breeding at the northern limit of the population's range to those birds breeding within the historic population range. Birds breeding at the northern limit experienced a harsher environment with colder temperatures; however, we found no differences in arthropod prey biomass between the northern limit and more southern (historic) sites. Males at the northern limit had higher body condition scores (mass corrected for body size) compared to individuals within the historic range, but no differences were found in beak and tarsus lengths, wing chord, muscle profile or fat stores. In males during the pre-parental stage, before breeding commenced, @entity1 activity was elevated in birds at the northern limit of the range, but no differences were found during the parental or molt stages. Females showed no differences in @entity1 activity during the parental stage. This study suggests that "pioneering" individuals at the limits of their breeding range exhibit physiology and morphology that are distinct from individuals within the historic range.

title: Breeding on the leading edge of a northward range expansion: differences in morphology and the stress response in the arctic Gambel' XXXX -crowned sparrow.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The severity of @entity4 is correlated to the amount of necroses--pancreatic parenchymal necroses and fatty tissue necroses in the retroperitoneal spaces--the liberation of vasoactive and toxic substances and the bacterial contamination of necroses. The @entity1 pancreatits occurs in around 15 to 25% of all @entity0 with @entity4 ; a @entity2 has been observed in around 40% of @entity0 with @entity5 . Surgical treatment in @entity0 with @entity5 is indicated, if they develop a surgically acute abdomen, a @entity6 or a multisystem's organ failure syndrome despite ICU-treatment over at least 3 days. Bacterial contamination, proved by an ultrasound guided FNP of the @entity1 is a strong indicator for surgical management. Careful necrosectomy and a continuous local lavage of the lesser sac and the @entity1 are most effective. Conservation of vital pancreatic tissue is a major goal of surgical treatment. The continuous local postoperative closed lavage results in a continuous evacuation of vasoactive and toxic substances, bacteria, local active enzymes and debrid tissue. Among @entity0 with sterile pancreatic necroses only those with major necroses of more than 50% of the pancreas are candidates for surgical treatment. Hospital mortality after necrosectomy and local lavage figures in major leading series between 8 and 20%. Failure of surgical treatment of @entity5 is mostly due to continuing local and systemic @entity3 .

title: Necrosectomy and postoperative local lavage in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A temporal trend analysis was performed on antimicrobial resistance data collected over 4 consecutive years (2011-2014) in the official Belgian antimicrobial resistance monitoring programme. Commensal @entity2 strains were isolated from faecal samples of four livestock categories (veal @entity1 , young beef @entity1 , broiler @entity6 and slaughter @entity7 ) and the trends of resistance profiles were analysed. The resistance prevalence remained high (>50%) during the study period for @entity5 in veal @entity1 and @entity6 , for @entity8 and @entity3 in @entity6 , for @entity0 in veal @entity1 , @entity6 and @entity7 and for @entity4 in veal @entity1 . Using logistic regression and Generalized Estimating Equation and after p value adjustment for multiple testing (Linear step-up method), statistically significant decreasing temporal trends were observed for several of the 11 tested antimicrobials in several livestock categories: in veal @entity1 (10/11), in @entity6 (6/11) and in @entity7 (5/11). A significant increasing trend was observed for the prevalence of resistance to @entity8 in @entity6 . Multi-resistance, considered as the resistance to at least three antimicrobials of different antibiotic classes, was observed in the four livestock categories but was significantly decreasing in veal @entity1 , @entity6 and @entity7 . Overall, the prevalence of resistance and of multi-resistance was lowest in the beef @entity1 livestock category and highest in broiler @entity6 . These decreasing temporal trends of antimicrobial resistance might be due to a decrease of the total antimicrobial consumption for veterinary use in Belgium which was reported for the period between 2010 and 2013. The methodology and statistical tools developed in this study provide outputs which can detect shifts in resistance levels or resistance trends associated with particular antimicrobial classes and livestock categories. Such outputs can be used as objective evidence to evaluate the possible efficacy of measures taken by animal health authorities and stakeholders in the livestock sector to limit antimicrobial resistance occurrence.

title: A trend analysis of antimicrobial resistance in commensal XXXX from several livestock species in Belgium (2011-2014).

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The management of @entity0 with @entity4 is often multifaceted and multidisciplinary. The purpose of this study was to examine the results of @entity6 -32 intracavitary irradiation in the treatment of @entity0 with predominately @entity4 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty @entity0 with @entity4 underwent @entity6 -32 intracavitary irradiation at our center between 1981 and 1993. The median @entity0 age was 26 years (range, 3-70 years). Thirteen @entity0 had intracavitary irradiation as the primary surgery for their @entity1 , whereas 17 @entity0 had adjuvant intracavitary irradiation after microsurgical resection, fractionated radiotherapy, or both. @entity0 in the adjuvant treatment group were more likely to have preoperative anterior @entity7 (p = 0.008 Fischer exact test) and @entity5 (p = 0.003 Fischer exact test). The median follow-up was 37 months (mean, 46 months, range, 7-116 months). RESULTS: @entity6 -32 intracavitary irradiation resulted in cyst regression in 28 of 32 treated cysts (88%). Ten @entity0 (33%) have had @entity1 progression requiring further surgical intervention. Three @entity0 (10%) died: two of @entity1 progression, and one of unrelated causes. Visual acuity and fields improved or remained stable in 63% of the @entity0 . Fifteen @entity0 had residual anterior pituitary function before intracavitary irradiation and 10 (67%) retained their preoperative endocrine status. New-onset @entity5 occurred in 3 of 17 @entity0 (18%) who had normal posterior pituitary function preoperatively. Fourteen of 20 adult @entity0 (70%) continued to perform at their preoperative functional level; 3 of 5 pediatric @entity0 who were age appropriate at the time of treatment continued to develop normally. No difference was noted between primary and adjuvant treatment @entity0 with respect to cyst control, @entity3 , or endocrine preservation after @entity6 -32 intracavitary irradiation. CONCLUSION: The goals of @entity4 management should be @entity1 control with preservation of @entity2 . @entity6 -32 intracavitary irradiation is an important option that enhances the likelihood of achieving these goals in @entity0 with primarily @entity4 .

title: XXXX -32 intracavitary irradiation of @entity4 : current technique and long-term results.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: The management of @entity0 with @entity4 is often multifaceted and multidisciplinary. The purpose of this study was to examine the results of @entity6 -32 intracavitary irradiation in the treatment of @entity0 with predominately @entity4 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Thirty @entity0 with @entity4 underwent @entity6 -32 intracavitary irradiation at our center between 1981 and 1993. The median @entity0 age was 26 years (range, 3-70 years). Thirteen @entity0 had intracavitary irradiation as the primary surgery for their @entity1 , whereas 17 @entity0 had adjuvant intracavitary irradiation after microsurgical resection, fractionated radiotherapy, or both. @entity0 in the adjuvant treatment group were more likely to have preoperative anterior @entity7 (p = 0.008 Fischer exact test) and @entity5 (p = 0.003 Fischer exact test). The median follow-up was 37 months (mean, 46 months, range, 7-116 months). RESULTS: @entity6 -32 intracavitary irradiation resulted in cyst regression in 28 of 32 treated cysts (88%). Ten @entity0 (33%) have had @entity1 progression requiring further surgical intervention. Three @entity0 (10%) died: two of @entity1 progression, and one of unrelated causes. Visual acuity and fields improved or remained stable in 63% of the @entity0 . Fifteen @entity0 had residual anterior pituitary function before intracavitary irradiation and 10 (67%) retained their preoperative endocrine status. New-onset @entity5 occurred in 3 of 17 @entity0 (18%) who had normal posterior pituitary function preoperatively. Fourteen of 20 adult @entity0 (70%) continued to perform at their preoperative functional level; 3 of 5 pediatric @entity0 who were age appropriate at the time of treatment continued to develop normally. No difference was noted between primary and adjuvant treatment @entity0 with respect to cyst control, @entity3 , or endocrine preservation after @entity6 -32 intracavitary irradiation. CONCLUSION: The goals of @entity4 management should be @entity1 control with preservation of @entity2 . @entity6 -32 intracavitary irradiation is an important option that enhances the likelihood of achieving these goals in @entity0 with primarily @entity4 .

title: @entity6 -32 intracavitary irradiation of XXXX : current technique and long-term results.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The therapeutic effects of intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin-type A on @entity3 can largely be explained by its blocking action at the neuromuscular junction. Botulinum toxin-type A is also thought to have a central action on the functional organization of the central nervous system. This study assessed the action of botulinum toxin-type A on spinal motor networks by investigating post-activation @entity2 of the soleus H-reflex in post- @entity1 @entity0 . @entity2 , a presynaptic mechanism controlling the synaptic efficacy of Ia-motoneuron transmission, is involved in the pathophysiology of @entity3 . @entity0 : Eight @entity0 with chronic @entity1 presenting with lower limb @entity3 and requiring botulinum toxin-type A injection in the ankle extensor muscle. METHODS: @entity2 of soleus H-reflex assessed as frequency-related @entity2 of H-reflex was investigated before and 3, 6 and 12 weeks after botulinum toxin-type A injections in the triceps surae. @entity2 was quantified as the ratio between @entity4 -reflex amplitude at 0.5 and 0.1 Hz. RESULTS: @entity2 of soleus H-reflex, which is reduced on the paretic leg, was affected 3 weeks after botulinum toxin-type A injection. Depending on the residual motor capacity of the post- @entity1 @entity0 , post-activation @entity2 was either restored in @entity0 with preserved voluntary motor control or further reduced in @entity0 with no residual voluntary control. CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin treatment induces synaptic plasticity at the Ia-motoneuron synapse in post- @entity1 paretic @entity0 , which suggests that the effectiveness of botulinum toxin-type A in post- @entity1 rehabilitation might be partly due to its central effects.

title: Plastic changes in spinal synaptic transmission following botulinum toxin A in @entity0 with post- @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The therapeutic effects of intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin-type A on @entity3 can largely be explained by its blocking action at the neuromuscular junction. Botulinum toxin-type A is also thought to have a central action on the functional organization of the central nervous system. This study assessed the action of botulinum toxin-type A on spinal motor networks by investigating post-activation @entity2 of the soleus H-reflex in post- @entity1 @entity0 . @entity2 , a presynaptic mechanism controlling the synaptic efficacy of Ia-motoneuron transmission, is involved in the pathophysiology of @entity3 . @entity0 : Eight @entity0 with chronic @entity1 presenting with lower limb @entity3 and requiring botulinum toxin-type A injection in the ankle extensor muscle. METHODS: @entity2 of soleus H-reflex assessed as frequency-related @entity2 of H-reflex was investigated before and 3, 6 and 12 weeks after botulinum toxin-type A injections in the triceps surae. @entity2 was quantified as the ratio between @entity4 -reflex amplitude at 0.5 and 0.1 Hz. RESULTS: @entity2 of soleus H-reflex, which is reduced on the paretic leg, was affected 3 weeks after botulinum toxin-type A injection. Depending on the residual motor capacity of the post- @entity1 @entity0 , post-activation @entity2 was either restored in @entity0 with preserved voluntary motor control or further reduced in @entity0 with no residual voluntary control. CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin treatment induces synaptic plasticity at the Ia-motoneuron synapse in post- @entity1 paretic @entity0 , which suggests that the effectiveness of botulinum toxin-type A in post- @entity1 rehabilitation might be partly due to its central effects.

title: Plastic changes in spinal synaptic transmission following botulinum toxin A in @entity0 with post- XXXX @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The therapeutic effects of intramuscular injections of botulinum toxin-type A on @entity3 can largely be explained by its blocking action at the neuromuscular junction. Botulinum toxin-type A is also thought to have a central action on the functional organization of the central nervous system. This study assessed the action of botulinum toxin-type A on spinal motor networks by investigating post-activation @entity2 of the soleus H-reflex in post- @entity1 @entity0 . @entity2 , a presynaptic mechanism controlling the synaptic efficacy of Ia-motoneuron transmission, is involved in the pathophysiology of @entity3 . @entity0 : Eight @entity0 with chronic @entity1 presenting with lower limb @entity3 and requiring botulinum toxin-type A injection in the ankle extensor muscle. METHODS: @entity2 of soleus H-reflex assessed as frequency-related @entity2 of H-reflex was investigated before and 3, 6 and 12 weeks after botulinum toxin-type A injections in the triceps surae. @entity2 was quantified as the ratio between @entity4 -reflex amplitude at 0.5 and 0.1 Hz. RESULTS: @entity2 of soleus H-reflex, which is reduced on the paretic leg, was affected 3 weeks after botulinum toxin-type A injection. Depending on the residual motor capacity of the post- @entity1 @entity0 , post-activation @entity2 was either restored in @entity0 with preserved voluntary motor control or further reduced in @entity0 with no residual voluntary control. CONCLUSION: Botulinum toxin treatment induces synaptic plasticity at the Ia-motoneuron synapse in post- @entity1 paretic @entity0 , which suggests that the effectiveness of botulinum toxin-type A in post- @entity1 rehabilitation might be partly due to its central effects.

title: Plastic changes in spinal synaptic transmission following botulinum toxin A in XXXX with post- @entity1 @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: Because of low incidence rates, there have been few reports on the patterns of and risk factors for recurrence after curative resection of the ampulla of Vater (AoV) @entity2 . The aim of this study was to characterize patterns of recurrence and to evaluate risk factors affecting survival rates and recurrence after curative resection. METHODS: Medical records of 181 @entity0 who had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy with curative intent for AoV @entity3 between December 1994 and March 2010 at Samsung Medical Center were retrospectively reviewed. Factors influencing on overall survival rate, recurrence rates, and recurrence patterns were analyzed. RESULTS: Lymph node @entity1 and high preoperative serum @entity5 ( @entity5 ) level >5 ng/ml were identified as independent factors affecting overall survival (p=0.006, p<0.001, respectively). Among the 181 @entity0 , 69 developed local or distant recurrence within 3 years after curative resection. Lymph node @entity1 , preoperative serum @entity5 level >5 ng/ml, and total @entity4 level >1.5 mg/dl were identified as independent prognostic factors of recurrence after curative resection (p=0.008, p<0.001, p=0.003, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: AoV @entity3 has @entity2 , but still has a high recurrence rate, especially during the first three years after curative radical resection. Therefore, careful follow-up is needed during the first 3 years, especially for the higher risk group. Further study of adjuvant therapy to decrease recurrence after curative resection is now warranted.

title: XXXX of the ampulla of Vater: predictors of survival and recurrence after curative radical resection.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) has been widely used, but it has a potential risk of @entity2 spread along the catheter tract. We herein present a case of solitary PTBD tract @entity1 after curative resection of perihilar @entity3 . Initially, endoscopic nasobiliary drainage was done on a 65 year-old female @entity0 , but the @entity4 did not resolve. Thus a PTBD catheter was inserted into the right posterior duct. Right portal vein embolization was also performed. Curative surgery including right hepatectomy and bile duct resection was performed 16 days after PTBD. After 12 months, serum CA19-9 had increased gradually without any symptoms. Finally, a small right pleural @entity1 was found through strict @entity2 surveillance for 6 months. Chemoradiation therapy was performed, but there was no response to treatment. As the @entity2 progressed, she complained of severe @entity5 and finally died from @entity2 dissemination to the chest and bones 18 months after the first detection of PTBD tract recurrence and 36 months after surgery. No intra-abdominal recurrence was found until the terminal stage. This PTBD tract recurrence was attributed to the PTBD even though it was in place for only 16 days. Although such recurrence is rare, its risk should be taken into account during follow-up of @entity0 who have received PTBD before.

title: Solitary percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tract @entity1 after curative resection of perihilar XXXX : report of a case.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) has been widely used, but it has a potential risk of @entity2 spread along the catheter tract. We herein present a case of solitary PTBD tract @entity1 after curative resection of perihilar @entity3 . Initially, endoscopic nasobiliary drainage was done on a 65 year-old female @entity0 , but the @entity4 did not resolve. Thus a PTBD catheter was inserted into the right posterior duct. Right portal vein embolization was also performed. Curative surgery including right hepatectomy and bile duct resection was performed 16 days after PTBD. After 12 months, serum CA19-9 had increased gradually without any symptoms. Finally, a small right pleural @entity1 was found through strict @entity2 surveillance for 6 months. Chemoradiation therapy was performed, but there was no response to treatment. As the @entity2 progressed, she complained of severe @entity5 and finally died from @entity2 dissemination to the chest and bones 18 months after the first detection of PTBD tract recurrence and 36 months after surgery. No intra-abdominal recurrence was found until the terminal stage. This PTBD tract recurrence was attributed to the PTBD even though it was in place for only 16 days. Although such recurrence is rare, its risk should be taken into account during follow-up of @entity0 who have received PTBD before.

title: Solitary percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage tract XXXX after curative resection of perihilar @entity3 : report of a case.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Many years ago, it was proposed that the symptoms of heartburn correlated more closely with acid-induced @entity4 than with the presence of @entity1 . This concept, however, has not been evaluated by modern manometric techniques. We monitored intraesophageal pressures during acid perfusion (O.1N @entity6 ) in 17 reflux @entity0 with gross @entity3 and positive @entity2 response and 17 age-matched controls. Using a low-compliance infusion system, amplitude, duration, velocity, and the presence of simultaneous and repetitive contractions in the body of the esophagus were evaluated. Amplitude did not change in either group. Duration did increase significantly during acid perfusion in reflux @entity0 , but not in controls. Mean duration between groups, however, was similar before and during acid perfusion. No simultaneous contractions were observed, while three @entity0 and two controls had repetitive contractions. A significant decrease in velocity was observed in both groups during acid perfusion. These studies indicate that acid-induced @entity5 are neither a common accompaniment nor necessary for the production of acid-induced @entity2 in the esophagus.

title: Are XXXX produced during the intraesophageal acid perfusion test?

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: To assess the outcome of different treatments in @entity0 admitted for @entity3 in the United States. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample over an 8-year period (2003-2010). @entity0 admitted with a primary diagnosis of @entity3 were divided into 3 groups based on their treatment: (1) Group 1: @entity0 who underwent Heller myotomy during their hospital stay; (2) Group 2: @entity0 who underwent esophagectomy; and (3) Group 3: @entity0 not undergoing surgical treatment. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes included length of stay (LOS), discharge destination and total hospital charges. RESULTS: Among 27141 @entity0 admitted with @entity3 , nearly half (48.5%) underwent Heller myotomy, 2.5% underwent esophagectomy and 49.0% had endoscopic or other treatment. @entity0 in group 1 were younger, healthier, and had the lowest mortality when compared with the other two groups. Group 2 had the highest LOS and hospital charges among all groups. Group 3 had the highest mortality (1.2%, P < 0.001) and the lowest home discharge rate (78.8%) when compared to the other groups. The most frequently performed procedures among group 3 were esophageal dilatation (25.9%) and injection (13.3%). Among @entity0 who died in this group the most common associated morbidities included acute @entity4 , @entity1 and @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Surgery for @entity3 carries exceedingly low mortality in the modern era; however, in complicated @entity0 , even less invasive treatments are burdened by significant mortality and morbidity.

title: Hospitalization for XXXX in the United States.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the trend of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use in primary health care institutions located in A'Seeb, a province in the capital city of Oman, Muscat. Additionally, we evaluated the relationship between a physician's years of experience and the number of prescription issued, as well as the presence of risk factors and side effects in the @entity0 who received these prescriptions. METHOD: A clinical audit was conducted in four primary health care centers in the Muscat region over a one-week period in April 2014. The target population included @entity0 aged 18 years or over who attended one of the four health centers and were prescribed @entity1 . Overall, 272 @entity0 were recruited by systematic random sampling. The data were collected by two methods: direct face-to-face interviews and evaluations of the @entity0 's electronic medical file. The prescribing doctors were blind to the audit. The collected information included @entity0 demographics, past and current medical history of related comorbidities, NSAID type, dose, duration and indications for use, concomitant @entity3 or/and @entity2 prescriptions, and co-prescription of gastroprotective agents. RESULTS: In total, 15% of @entity0 received an NSAID prescription: females were issued more prescriptions than males. The percentage of @entity0 who received an NSAID prescription across the health centers ranged from 9% to 24%. The main reason for prescribing @entity1 was musculoskeletal problems. The most frequently prescribed NSAID was @entity4 . Sixteen percent of @entity0 who received an NSAID prescription had a risk factor related to its use. The mean and median duration of the NSAID prescriptions of all types were 5.6 and 5.0 days, respectively. Physicians with a greater number of years experience prescribed more @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the number of prescriptions of @entity1 among various institutes varied, which could reflect the level of awareness concerning NSAID risks among the prescribing doctors. @entity1 were prescribed for @entity0 with comorbidities and @entity0 with previously documented side effects without considering protective agents. Therefore, we suggest that the use of these medications is controlled, especially in high-risk populations.

title: XXXX ( @entity1 ) Use in Primary Health Care Centers in A'Seeb, Muscat: A Clinical Audit.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the trend of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use in primary health care institutions located in A'Seeb, a province in the capital city of Oman, Muscat. Additionally, we evaluated the relationship between a physician's years of experience and the number of prescription issued, as well as the presence of risk factors and side effects in the @entity0 who received these prescriptions. METHOD: A clinical audit was conducted in four primary health care centers in the Muscat region over a one-week period in April 2014. The target population included @entity0 aged 18 years or over who attended one of the four health centers and were prescribed @entity1 . Overall, 272 @entity0 were recruited by systematic random sampling. The data were collected by two methods: direct face-to-face interviews and evaluations of the @entity0 's electronic medical file. The prescribing doctors were blind to the audit. The collected information included @entity0 demographics, past and current medical history of related comorbidities, NSAID type, dose, duration and indications for use, concomitant @entity3 or/and @entity2 prescriptions, and co-prescription of gastroprotective agents. RESULTS: In total, 15% of @entity0 received an NSAID prescription: females were issued more prescriptions than males. The percentage of @entity0 who received an NSAID prescription across the health centers ranged from 9% to 24%. The main reason for prescribing @entity1 was musculoskeletal problems. The most frequently prescribed NSAID was @entity4 . Sixteen percent of @entity0 who received an NSAID prescription had a risk factor related to its use. The mean and median duration of the NSAID prescriptions of all types were 5.6 and 5.0 days, respectively. Physicians with a greater number of years experience prescribed more @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the number of prescriptions of @entity1 among various institutes varied, which could reflect the level of awareness concerning NSAID risks among the prescribing doctors. @entity1 were prescribed for @entity0 with comorbidities and @entity0 with previously documented side effects without considering protective agents. Therefore, we suggest that the use of these medications is controlled, especially in high-risk populations.

title: @entity1 ( XXXX ) Use in Primary Health Care Centers in A'Seeb, Muscat: A Clinical Audit.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We retrospectively studied the results from thoracenteses and needle biopsies of the pleura performed in 414 @entity0 with @entity3 between 1973 and 1982. The final causes of effusion were @entity1 in 281 @entity0 (67.9%) and nonmalignant disease in 133 (32.1%). The presence of @entity1 was established by cytologic study in 162 @entity0 (57.6%), by needle biopsy in 123 (43%), and by either cytologic analysis or biopsy in 182 (64.7%). In only 7.1% of the 281 @entity0 with @entity6 did biopsy reveal @entity1 when the results of cytologic study were negative for @entity1 . Nearly half of the @entity0 with @entity2 had @entity9 of the pleural fluid, but neither this finding nor the lymphocytic @entity8 noted on biopsy was diagnostic of @entity4 . Among the @entity0 with @entity7 , thoracotomy was necessary to confirm the diagnosis in 60.9%. In the @entity0 with nonmalignant diseases, with the exception of six with @entity5 , pleural biopsy was nondiagnostic even though the causes of @entity3 were apparent from the clinical features. The causes of @entity3 remained unknown in 82 @entity0 (19.8%). Pleural biopsy failed to provide adequate tissue in 55 @entity0 (13.3%). This study shows that cytologic analysis has a higher sensitivity (P less than 0.001) than needle biopsy for diagnosing @entity6 . The value of needle biopsy is limited in establishing the cause of @entity3 that results from either malignant or nonmalignant disease, with the exception of @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Comparison of needle biopsy with cytologic analysis for the evaluation of XXXX : analysis of 414 cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The alpha v beta 6 integrin was identified in cultured epithelial cells and functions as a fibronectin receptor. We have now used monoclonal antibodies to determine in vivo expression patterns of the beta 6 subunit in normal and pathological @entity0 or primate tissues, and during experimental wound healing or induced @entity4 . The results indicate that beta 6 expression is restricted to epithelia and is up-regulated in parallel with morphogenetic events, tumorigenesis, and epithelial repair. During development of the kidney, lung, and skin, we found that beta 6 is expressed by specific types of epithelial cells, whereas it is mostly undetectable in normal adult kidney, lung and skin. In contrast, we detected high-level expression in several types of @entity3 . For example, beta 6 is almost invariably neo-expressed in @entity5 derived from the oral mucosa, often focally localized at the infiltrating edges of @entity1 islands. Expression of beta 6 is also upregulated in migrating keratinocytes at the wound edge during experimental epidermal wound healing. Similarly, beta 6 expression is induced in type II alveolar epithelial cells during @entity4 caused by injection of live bacteria. We also observed beta 6 expression in adult lungs and kidneys at focal sites of subclinical @entity2 , as well as in a variety of clinical specimens from @entity0 with chronic or acute @entity2 of the lungs or kidneys. From these findings and earlier results, we hypothesize that alpha v beta 6 affects cell spreading, migration and growth during reorganization of epithelia in development, tissue repair, and @entity1 .

title: Expression of the beta 6 integrin subunit in development, XXXX and tissue repair suggests a role in epithelial remodeling.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We designed the present study to examine whether or not the inhibition of @entity9 modulates cerebral microcirculation in @entity3 and improves brain metabolism in @entity1 induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion in @entity2 @entity0 . Blood flow to the parietal cortex was determined by the H2 clearance method. @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity4 were estimated by enzymatic methods. @entity9 inhibitor (AChEI, @entity10 ), at 0.05, 0.1, or 0.5 mg/kg, was intravenously injected 10 min before either hemorrhagic @entity3 or @entity8 . The levels of @entity6 in the control were 29.3 +/- 8.1 (mean +/- SD) and 39.5 +/- 8.1 pmol/mg in the cortex and hippocampus, respectively, and they were significantly decreased by 15-19% after 60 min of @entity1 in the vehicle-treated @entity0 . AChEI preserved the levels to 93-98% of the control (p < 0.05 versus vehicle). The lower limit of autoregulation was 74 +/- 9% of the resting values. The administration of AChEI helped preserve blood flow and lowered the limit to 64 +/- 6% (p < 0.05 versus control). After 60 min of @entity1 , @entity5 increased 6.5-fold and @entity4 decreased to 64% of the control value. The administration of AChEI dose-dependently reduced the @entity5 level 1.9- to 3.9-fold and well preserved the @entity4 level to 94-97% of the control. The inhibition of @entity9 activity may preserve cerebral autoregulation during @entity3 and protect cerebral metabolism against ischemic insult.

title: Inhibition of @entity9 modulates the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow and @entity1 brain metabolism in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We designed the present study to examine whether or not the inhibition of @entity9 modulates cerebral microcirculation in @entity3 and improves brain metabolism in @entity1 induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion in @entity2 @entity0 . Blood flow to the parietal cortex was determined by the H2 clearance method. @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity4 were estimated by enzymatic methods. @entity9 inhibitor (AChEI, @entity10 ), at 0.05, 0.1, or 0.5 mg/kg, was intravenously injected 10 min before either hemorrhagic @entity3 or @entity8 . The levels of @entity6 in the control were 29.3 +/- 8.1 (mean +/- SD) and 39.5 +/- 8.1 pmol/mg in the cortex and hippocampus, respectively, and they were significantly decreased by 15-19% after 60 min of @entity1 in the vehicle-treated @entity0 . AChEI preserved the levels to 93-98% of the control (p < 0.05 versus vehicle). The lower limit of autoregulation was 74 +/- 9% of the resting values. The administration of AChEI helped preserve blood flow and lowered the limit to 64 +/- 6% (p < 0.05 versus control). After 60 min of @entity1 , @entity5 increased 6.5-fold and @entity4 decreased to 64% of the control value. The administration of AChEI dose-dependently reduced the @entity5 level 1.9- to 3.9-fold and well preserved the @entity4 level to 94-97% of the control. The inhibition of @entity9 activity may preserve cerebral autoregulation during @entity3 and protect cerebral metabolism against ischemic insult.

title: Inhibition of XXXX modulates the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow and @entity1 brain metabolism in @entity2 @entity0 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: We designed the present study to examine whether or not the inhibition of @entity9 modulates cerebral microcirculation in @entity3 and improves brain metabolism in @entity1 induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion in @entity2 @entity0 . Blood flow to the parietal cortex was determined by the H2 clearance method. @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity4 were estimated by enzymatic methods. @entity9 inhibitor (AChEI, @entity10 ), at 0.05, 0.1, or 0.5 mg/kg, was intravenously injected 10 min before either hemorrhagic @entity3 or @entity8 . The levels of @entity6 in the control were 29.3 +/- 8.1 (mean +/- SD) and 39.5 +/- 8.1 pmol/mg in the cortex and hippocampus, respectively, and they were significantly decreased by 15-19% after 60 min of @entity1 in the vehicle-treated @entity0 . AChEI preserved the levels to 93-98% of the control (p < 0.05 versus vehicle). The lower limit of autoregulation was 74 +/- 9% of the resting values. The administration of AChEI helped preserve blood flow and lowered the limit to 64 +/- 6% (p < 0.05 versus control). After 60 min of @entity1 , @entity5 increased 6.5-fold and @entity4 decreased to 64% of the control value. The administration of AChEI dose-dependently reduced the @entity5 level 1.9- to 3.9-fold and well preserved the @entity4 level to 94-97% of the control. The inhibition of @entity9 activity may preserve cerebral autoregulation during @entity3 and protect cerebral metabolism against ischemic insult.

title: Inhibition of @entity9 modulates the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow and XXXX brain metabolism in @entity2 @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We designed the present study to examine whether or not the inhibition of @entity9 modulates cerebral microcirculation in @entity3 and improves brain metabolism in @entity1 induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion in @entity2 @entity0 . Blood flow to the parietal cortex was determined by the H2 clearance method. @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity4 were estimated by enzymatic methods. @entity9 inhibitor (AChEI, @entity10 ), at 0.05, 0.1, or 0.5 mg/kg, was intravenously injected 10 min before either hemorrhagic @entity3 or @entity8 . The levels of @entity6 in the control were 29.3 +/- 8.1 (mean +/- SD) and 39.5 +/- 8.1 pmol/mg in the cortex and hippocampus, respectively, and they were significantly decreased by 15-19% after 60 min of @entity1 in the vehicle-treated @entity0 . AChEI preserved the levels to 93-98% of the control (p < 0.05 versus vehicle). The lower limit of autoregulation was 74 +/- 9% of the resting values. The administration of AChEI helped preserve blood flow and lowered the limit to 64 +/- 6% (p < 0.05 versus control). After 60 min of @entity1 , @entity5 increased 6.5-fold and @entity4 decreased to 64% of the control value. The administration of AChEI dose-dependently reduced the @entity5 level 1.9- to 3.9-fold and well preserved the @entity4 level to 94-97% of the control. The inhibition of @entity9 activity may preserve cerebral autoregulation during @entity3 and protect cerebral metabolism against ischemic insult.

title: Inhibition of @entity9 modulates the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow and @entity1 brain metabolism in @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have developed a method using flow cytometry to identify @entity7 -conjugated GH receptors ( @entity11 ) on IM-9 lymphocytes and circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets. Binding to IM-9 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells was concentration dependent and could be competitively blocked by the addition of unlabeled @entity0 GH, but not by the addition of @entity2 or @entity4 GH or @entity0 insulin or PRL. Using two-color flow cytometric analysis, @entity7 -conjugated @entity0 @entity11 were readily detected on more than 90% of B lymphocytes and monocytes, but only variably on T lymphocytes. B Lymphocytes and monocytes had approximately 6000 @entity11 /cell. Using two-color flow cytometry, we identified @entity11 on circulating B lymphocytes in subjects with @entity9 (n = 9), precocious puberty (n = 6), and @entity10 (n = 5) and in seven subjects with @entity3 , including @entity6 , @entity12 , @entity1 , @entity5 , and @entity8 . The percentage of B lymphocytes expressing @entity11 in subjects with @entity9 (mean +/- SD, 95 +/- 9%), precocious puberty (91 +/- 15%), and @entity10 (84 +/- 15%) was not different from that in normal volunteers (90 +/- 12%; n = 14). In 10 subjects, serum GH-binding protein levels were assayed simultaneously with B lymphocyte @entity11 . GH-binding protein was normal in all (mean, 1255 pmol/L; range, 773-1809). There was a good correlation between @entity11 expression on B lymphocytes and GH-binding protein levels (r = 0.75; P = 0.01). We postulate that @entity11 found on circulating B lymphocytes may contribute to the pool of receptors identified in serum as GH-binding proteins. Two-color flow cytometry appears to be an effective method for the detection of @entity11 on circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets. The evaluation of @entity11 on circulating B lymphocytes may prove to be a useful means of evaluating GH- @entity11 interactions in subjects with @entity6 .

title: Detection of XXXX growth hormone receptors on IM-9 cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cell subsets by flow cytometry: correlation with growth hormone-binding protein levels.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the results of removing physical restraints from elderly @entity0 with @entity2 living in nursing homes. This objective is part of a wider process of change in residential care. METHODS: Quasi-experimental study conducted in two residences from May 2010 to May 2012. Information was collected at 7 time points and longitudinal analyses were performed. After training staff, the physical restraints in El Puig centre were phased out, while in the Conarda centre, restraints were still applied to elderly @entity0 . The main variables studied were: falls, psychotropic medication prescriptions, different indicators of @entity1 , and degree of @entity3 (Norton, NPI, Mini-mental, Tinetti, Barthel). RESULTS: In the El Puig centre all the physical restraints were removed. A slight improvement was seen in the number of falls, and their consequences. The ANOVA showed significant improvements in the centre that removed restraints in prescribing psychotropic medications, @entity1 , and behavioural changes. DISCUSSION: It is shown that removing physical restraints do not cause negative effects as regards the number of falls, and also positively affects the welfare and independence of elderly @entity0 (through changes in behaviour and @entity1 ). Furthermore, it is demonstrated that this program must be accompanied by the reduction and control of medicines (withdrawal of the number of psychotropic prescriptions).

title: [Effects of a physical restraint removal program on older @entity0 with XXXX in residential care].

answer: @entity2