abstract: Since endogenous 1:25 @entity6 (1:25VD) is principally involved with involution of secondary @entity8 post-renal transplant we correlated 1:25VD levels with intact @entity4 in 82 random @entity0 with a serum @entity7 of < 2 mg/dl and with normal hepatic function. All @entity0 studied were normocalcemic with normal @entity9 and received @entity5 , @entity2 and @entity3 . Of considerable interest, of the 42 @entity0 studied after 2 years post-transplant, there were 8 (19%) @entity0 with intact @entity4 of more than twice the upper limit of normal (normal 10-65 pg/ml) and other 15 (36%) with @entity4 levels above normal. Secondly, in no @entity0 did we see 1:25VD above normal (normal 15-60 pg/ml) despite levels of @entity4 of > 200 pg/ml. Of concern, 20% of 73 @entity0 had 1:25VD deficiency (< 15 pg/ml). This may not have been previously appreciated because of the number of @entity0 studied. Like previous investigators, we failed to understand why 1:25VD levels were relatively low. There was no correlation between 1:25VD and serum @entity7 . Of 25 @entity0 with a serum @entity7 of 1.4 or less, there were 10 @entity0 (40%) with 1:25VD of less than 20 pg/ml. Since persistently high @entity4 can contribute to @entity1 , which is not uncommon post-transplant, we treated 8 @entity0 with small doses of oral 1:25VD ( @entity10 ). In less than 6 months @entity4 levels returned to normal in 7 of the 8 @entity0 . The current studies clearly indicate that asymptomatic @entity8 is common even after 2 years post-renal transplant. Monitoring for @entity4 and 1:25VD will help prevent @entity1 post-transplant now that @entity10 is available.

title: XXXX associated with relatively low 1:25 @entity6 levels post-renal transplant can be successfully treated with oral @entity10 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Glucocorticoids have been an important part of maintenance immunosuppressive therapy following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). However, long-term daily glucocorticoid use is associated with a high incidence of unpleasant side effects. In an effort to minimize side effects while maintaining adequate immunosuppression, we have treated 48 adult @entity0 with low dose alternate-day @entity4 , 15 mg q.o.d. Pre-OLT diagnoses included @entity10 (16 @entity0 ), @entity11 (8 @entity0 ), sclerosing @entity5 (8 @entity0 ), cryptogenic @entity1 and/or non-A, @entity9 (11 @entity0 ), @entity7 (3 @entity0 ), and @entity2 and @entity8 (1 @entity0 each). Conversion to alternate-day @entity4 was attempted when @entity0 were clinically stable and the daily @entity4 dose was 15 mg. The average interval between OLT and beginning of the conversion to alternate-day @entity4 was 38 weeks. The mean time for conversion to alternate-day @entity4 was 35 weeks, but decreased as more experience was gained. The mean follow-up was 106 weeks. Cushingoid side effects diminished in all. In 47 of the 48 @entity0 , there were no clinical laboratory or histologic changes suggestive of rejection after the initiation of alternate-day @entity4 . A single episode of rejection occurred during the taper. This episode responded promptly to increased glucocorticoid therapy, and the @entity0 was easily converted to alternate-day @entity4 at a later date. There was no increase in concurrent immunosuppressives dosage after the conversion. Alternate-day @entity4 is effective and safe for chronic immunosuppression after OLT in @entity0 receiving @entity3 and @entity6 .

title: Alternate-day XXXX in the maintenance immunosuppressive therapy after orthotopic liver transplantation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To distinguish between the intestinal and diffuse types of @entity1 on brush cytology (BC). STUDY DESIGN: Brushing smears and biopsy samples obtained at endoscopic examination from 32 @entity0 with clinically or radiologically suspected @entity1 were included in the study. Cytologic smears were examined by 2 cytopathologists, using predetermined criteria to arrive at a consensus diagnosis. A meticulous attempt was made to distinguish between the 2 types of @entity1 . Cytologic diagnoses were correlated with the histologic diagnoses. RESULTS: Twenty-one cases (65.6%) were concordant between BC and endoscopic biopsy (EB) with respect to sub-typing. Two (6.2%) cases reported as 'poorly differentiated @entity2 ' on BC turned out to be 'diffuse type'. Three cases (9.4%) reported as 'diffuse type' on BC were 'intestinal type' on EB. Two of these discordant cases had intestinal metaplasia on BC, which should have suggested 'intestinal type' of @entity2 on BC. Three cases (9.4%) were false positive. On review, 2 of these false-positive cases showed cytologically convincing malignant cells, the third case was misinterpreted as diffuse type of @entity2 due to reactive glandular cells entangled in the mucoid background. Three (9.4%) EB were non-representative with only superficial mucosa; BC diagnosis in these 3 cases was intestinal type of @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Although, overlapping cytomorphology between the intestinal and diffuse types of @entity1 can cause diagnostic problem; with a meticulous cytomorphologic approach, it is possible to accurately distinguish between the 2 types in a considerable number of cases.

title: Distinction of intestinal and diffuse types of XXXX on brush cytology.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Periodontal diseases have long been postulated to contribute to @entity4 and, likewise, it has been proposed that @entity5 treatment may ameliorate certain @entity4 . @entity11 ( @entity9 ) are major secondary metabolites produced by oral anaerobic bacteria and, among the SCFAs, @entity7 (BA) in high amounts contribute to @entity5 development. Periodontal disease level- @entity7 (PDL-BA) is found among @entity0 suffering from @entity5 and has previously shown to induce oxidative stress, whereas, oxidative stress is correlated to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This would imply that PDL-BA may likewise stimulate ER stress, however, this was never elucidated. A better understanding of the correlation between PDL-BA and systemic ER stress stimulation could shed light on the possible systemic effects of PDL-BA-related @entity5 . Here, PDL-BA was injected into the @entity8 and the systemic blood obtained from the @entity2 jugular was collected at 0, 15, 60, and 180  min post-injection. Collected blood samples were purified and only the blood cytosol was used throughout this study. Subsequently, we measured blood cytosolic @entity10 , @entity3 , representative apoptotic and inflammatory caspases, and @entity6 amounts. We found that PDL-BA presence increased blood cytosolic @entity10 and @entity3 amounts. Moreover, we observed that blood cytosolic caspases and @entity6 were activated only at 60 and 180  min post-injection in the @entity2 @entity8 . This suggests that PDL-BA administered through the @entity8 may influence the systemic blood via ER stress stimulation and, moreover, prolonged PDL-BA retention in the @entity8 may play a significant role in ER stress-related caspase and @entity6 activation. In a @entity5 scenario, we propose that PDL-BA-related ER stress stimulation leading to the simultaneous activation of apoptosis and @entity1 may contribute to @entity5 pathogenesis.

title: Periodontal disease level- @entity7 amounts locally administered in the @entity2 XXXX induce ER stress in the systemic blood.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Periodontal diseases have long been postulated to contribute to @entity4 and, likewise, it has been proposed that @entity5 treatment may ameliorate certain @entity4 . @entity11 ( @entity9 ) are major secondary metabolites produced by oral anaerobic bacteria and, among the SCFAs, @entity7 (BA) in high amounts contribute to @entity5 development. Periodontal disease level- @entity7 (PDL-BA) is found among @entity0 suffering from @entity5 and has previously shown to induce oxidative stress, whereas, oxidative stress is correlated to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This would imply that PDL-BA may likewise stimulate ER stress, however, this was never elucidated. A better understanding of the correlation between PDL-BA and systemic ER stress stimulation could shed light on the possible systemic effects of PDL-BA-related @entity5 . Here, PDL-BA was injected into the @entity8 and the systemic blood obtained from the @entity2 jugular was collected at 0, 15, 60, and 180  min post-injection. Collected blood samples were purified and only the blood cytosol was used throughout this study. Subsequently, we measured blood cytosolic @entity10 , @entity3 , representative apoptotic and inflammatory caspases, and @entity6 amounts. We found that PDL-BA presence increased blood cytosolic @entity10 and @entity3 amounts. Moreover, we observed that blood cytosolic caspases and @entity6 were activated only at 60 and 180  min post-injection in the @entity2 @entity8 . This suggests that PDL-BA administered through the @entity8 may influence the systemic blood via ER stress stimulation and, moreover, prolonged PDL-BA retention in the @entity8 may play a significant role in ER stress-related caspase and @entity6 activation. In a @entity5 scenario, we propose that PDL-BA-related ER stress stimulation leading to the simultaneous activation of apoptosis and @entity1 may contribute to @entity5 pathogenesis.

title: Periodontal disease level- XXXX amounts locally administered in the @entity2 @entity8 induce ER stress in the systemic blood.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Periodontal diseases have long been postulated to contribute to @entity4 and, likewise, it has been proposed that @entity5 treatment may ameliorate certain @entity4 . @entity11 ( @entity9 ) are major secondary metabolites produced by oral anaerobic bacteria and, among the SCFAs, @entity7 (BA) in high amounts contribute to @entity5 development. Periodontal disease level- @entity7 (PDL-BA) is found among @entity0 suffering from @entity5 and has previously shown to induce oxidative stress, whereas, oxidative stress is correlated to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This would imply that PDL-BA may likewise stimulate ER stress, however, this was never elucidated. A better understanding of the correlation between PDL-BA and systemic ER stress stimulation could shed light on the possible systemic effects of PDL-BA-related @entity5 . Here, PDL-BA was injected into the @entity8 and the systemic blood obtained from the @entity2 jugular was collected at 0, 15, 60, and 180  min post-injection. Collected blood samples were purified and only the blood cytosol was used throughout this study. Subsequently, we measured blood cytosolic @entity10 , @entity3 , representative apoptotic and inflammatory caspases, and @entity6 amounts. We found that PDL-BA presence increased blood cytosolic @entity10 and @entity3 amounts. Moreover, we observed that blood cytosolic caspases and @entity6 were activated only at 60 and 180  min post-injection in the @entity2 @entity8 . This suggests that PDL-BA administered through the @entity8 may influence the systemic blood via ER stress stimulation and, moreover, prolonged PDL-BA retention in the @entity8 may play a significant role in ER stress-related caspase and @entity6 activation. In a @entity5 scenario, we propose that PDL-BA-related ER stress stimulation leading to the simultaneous activation of apoptosis and @entity1 may contribute to @entity5 pathogenesis.

title: Periodontal disease level- @entity7 amounts locally administered in the XXXX @entity8 induce ER stress in the systemic blood.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In @entity0 , the cervical esophagus was divided 5 cm cranial to the thoracic inlet employing a stapler. The distal esophageal stump was attached to the external surface of the @entity2 . A @entity4 (2 1/2 revolutions) was made in a 3-cm long segment constituting the distal end of the proximal esophageal segment. This was twisted on a bias with the muscle edges approximated by interrupted stitches to cover the denuded submucosal layer. With moderate traction, this segment could be elongated to a length of 5 cm. A subcutaneous tunnel was created in the anterior chest to accommodate the reconstructed proximal esophageal segment (under slight traction), with its distal end forming a cutaneous esophagostomy. A gastrostomy was created using a Gauderer button (Bard Interventional Products, Billerica, MA) for feeding. After 3 weeks, the proximal esophageal segment was mobilized and removed from the subcutaneous tunnel. The distal esophageal segment was freed from the @entity2 and 5 to 8 cm of its proximal end was excised. The proximal (myotomized) esophagus was brought down to the stump of the remaining distal esophagus and an @entity1 formed in an end-to-end fashion. Oral feeding was reestablished within 1 week. Prolonged ingestion, observed soon after operation, gradually improved. During a period of 1 to 6 months after the operation, motility of the myotomized segment was tested by barium swallow and manometry. There was neither diverticulum formation nor @entity3 . Transit of contrast material in the myotomized segment was smooth and rapid. Manometry demonstrated preservation of motility in the myotomized segment of the esophagus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A staged approach to long gap esophageal atresia employing a XXXX and delayed reconstruction of the esophagus: an experimental study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECT: Postprocedural rebleeding is a significant source of morbidity following endovascular treatment of @entity4 . Previous large-scale reports include the @entity1 Rerupture After Treatment trial, the International @entity3 Trial, and the study on Early Rebleeding after Coiling of Ruptured @entity1 , which reported nonprocedural rebleeding rates within 30 days of treatment of 2.7%, 1.9%, and 1.4%, respectively. However, coiling of @entity1 is in a state of continual change due to advancing device design and evolving techniques. These studies included only @entity0 initially treated prior to 2004. In the present study the authors assess the most recent short-term results with endovascular treatment of @entity4 . METHODS: A multicenter retrospective chart review was conducted of @entity0 undergoing endovascular treatment for @entity4 between July 2004 and October 2009. The technique used, including the use of stent or balloon assistance, was evaluated. Demographic and clinical factors, such as sex, age, initial clinical presentation, @entity2 size, @entity2 location, and modified Raymond Classification following initial treatment, were also evaluated and compared between the groups in which rebleeding did and did not occur. RESULTS: A total of 469 @entity0 underwent endovascular treatment for a @entity4 ; nonprocedural rehemorrhage occurred within 30 days of the initial coiling in 4 cases (0.9%). Two @entity0 (50%) died after rehemorrhage. Stent-assisted coiling was used during the original treatment in 1 (25%) of the 4 @entity0 with a rerupture. However, no technical, clinical, or demographic factors were found to be statistically significant in association with rebleeding. CONCLUSIONS: Recent data suggest that the periprocedural rebleeding rate may be improving over time.

title: Rebleeding risk after treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Research stresses that adoptees are at high risk of @entity1 contact, but are they also more likely to be at risk of juvenile delinquency? The aim is to clarify whether the variable "adoptee" is an independent risk factor for criminal conviction and to highlight relationships between convictions and their relapses and @entity1 contacts. METHOD: A nationwide comparative register-based study, 1994-2004. The cohort is composed of 282,986 individuals aged 15-27, Danish and foreign born (immigrants); 1.3% are adoptees, included adopted stepchildren. RESULTS: The variable "adoptee" is not a risk factor for transnational adoptees and Danish  <=12 months at adoption, but Danish adoptees >12 months at adoption and adopted stepchildren have a 3-4 times higher risk than non-adoptees. However, "country of origin" has a negative impact on foreign-born adoptees and foreign-born non-adoptees. "Age at adoption", " @entity1 contact" and "not living with parents" (at time of inclusion) are risks of conviction and conviction relapse. @entity0 are at higher risk than @entity0 , but @entity0 ' @entity1 contact is highest. Stepchildren are an overlooked risk group. CONCLUSION: "Adoptee", as such, is not a risk factor for convictions, but it seems that it is the way adoption-related matters are handled. Gender-specific care for @entity0 and adolescents with new thinking in relation to @entity0 relinquishment, institutionalization and mental health care is important to ensure both @entity0 and @entity0 a youth free of crime.

title: Juvenile delinquency and XXXX contact among adoptees compared to non-adoptees in Denmark: a nationwide register-based comparative study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity4 is considered a possible etiological agent for @entity1 . The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the @entity5 clone and non- @entity5 genotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans in the @entity2 of @entity0 with @entity1 and controls among Sudanese high-school students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a previous study we examined a large representative sample of students attending high schools in Khartoum, Sudan. In this population, 17 @entity0 with @entity1 and 17 controls (14-19 years of age) consented to participate in the present study. The subjects underwent a clinical periodontal examination, and @entity3 were collected using paper points. The presence of the A. actinomycetemcomitans @entity5 clone and non- @entity5 genotypes were assessed using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and the PCR. RESULTS: The @entity5 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in the @entity2 of either the cases or the controls. Non- @entity5 types of A. actinomycetemcomitans were detected in the @entity2 of 12 (70.6%) @entity0 with @entity1 and from only one (5.9%) control subject, showing a significantly higher frequency of detection in cases than in controls (p = 0.0001). The odds ratio for the detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans in the @entity2 of the @entity0 with @entity1 was 38.4 (95% confidence interval: 4.0-373.0; p = 0.002). The PCR and LAMP methods showed identical results pertaining to the identification of non- @entity5 types of A. actinomycetemcomitans. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in the @entity2 of high school subjects in Sudan. The detection of non- @entity5 types of A. actinomycetemcomitans may be a useful marker of increased risk for development of @entity1 in young subjects.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in Sudanese @entity0 with @entity1 : a case-control study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity4 is considered a possible etiological agent for @entity1 . The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the @entity5 clone and non- @entity5 genotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans in the @entity2 of @entity0 with @entity1 and controls among Sudanese high-school students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a previous study we examined a large representative sample of students attending high schools in Khartoum, Sudan. In this population, 17 @entity0 with @entity1 and 17 controls (14-19 years of age) consented to participate in the present study. The subjects underwent a clinical periodontal examination, and @entity3 were collected using paper points. The presence of the A. actinomycetemcomitans @entity5 clone and non- @entity5 genotypes were assessed using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and the PCR. RESULTS: The @entity5 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in the @entity2 of either the cases or the controls. Non- @entity5 types of A. actinomycetemcomitans were detected in the @entity2 of 12 (70.6%) @entity0 with @entity1 and from only one (5.9%) control subject, showing a significantly higher frequency of detection in cases than in controls (p = 0.0001). The odds ratio for the detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans in the @entity2 of the @entity0 with @entity1 was 38.4 (95% confidence interval: 4.0-373.0; p = 0.002). The PCR and LAMP methods showed identical results pertaining to the identification of non- @entity5 types of A. actinomycetemcomitans. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in the @entity2 of high school subjects in Sudan. The detection of non- @entity5 types of A. actinomycetemcomitans may be a useful marker of increased risk for development of @entity1 in young subjects.

title: Prevalence of @entity4 in Sudanese @entity0 with XXXX : a case-control study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity4 is considered a possible etiological agent for @entity1 . The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the @entity5 clone and non- @entity5 genotypes of A. actinomycetemcomitans in the @entity2 of @entity0 with @entity1 and controls among Sudanese high-school students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a previous study we examined a large representative sample of students attending high schools in Khartoum, Sudan. In this population, 17 @entity0 with @entity1 and 17 controls (14-19 years of age) consented to participate in the present study. The subjects underwent a clinical periodontal examination, and @entity3 were collected using paper points. The presence of the A. actinomycetemcomitans @entity5 clone and non- @entity5 genotypes were assessed using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and the PCR. RESULTS: The @entity5 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in the @entity2 of either the cases or the controls. Non- @entity5 types of A. actinomycetemcomitans were detected in the @entity2 of 12 (70.6%) @entity0 with @entity1 and from only one (5.9%) control subject, showing a significantly higher frequency of detection in cases than in controls (p = 0.0001). The odds ratio for the detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans in the @entity2 of the @entity0 with @entity1 was 38.4 (95% confidence interval: 4.0-373.0; p = 0.002). The PCR and LAMP methods showed identical results pertaining to the identification of non- @entity5 types of A. actinomycetemcomitans. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity5 clone of A. actinomycetemcomitans was not detected in the @entity2 of high school subjects in Sudan. The detection of non- @entity5 types of A. actinomycetemcomitans may be a useful marker of increased risk for development of @entity1 in young subjects.

title: Prevalence of @entity4 in Sudanese XXXX with @entity1 : a case-control study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Fifty-four genotypes of @entity2 were crossed and evaluated in the field during the crop season in February 2012 under both normal and water stress conditions. To identify the major parameters responsible for variation among genotypes, single linkage cluster analysis and principle component analysis (PCA) were carried out. Thirteen characters were studied. The PCA showed that the first six components, with eigen values >1, contributed 82.30% of the variability among the genotypes under normal field irrigation conditions while other PCs (7-13) had eigen values less than 1. Under drought conditions, the first four PCs, with eigen values >1, contributed 64.79% of the variability among genotypes while the other PCs (5-13) had eigen values less than 1. In the absence of water stress, heritability ranged from 68% ( @entity0 content) to 99% (plant height) and genetic advance ranged between 158.43% for stomatal frequency and 0.87 for biological yield. Under drought conditions, the coefficient of variability (CV) was 1.43-7.79, whereas estimates of heritability ranged between 68% and 99% for @entity0 content and leaf area, respectively. The values of genetic advance ranged between 153.41 for stomatal frequency and 0.47 for @entity1 content. CV was 1.52-7.38 under drought conditions. The results indicated that the plant characters studied were under the control of additive genetic effects and suggested that selection should lead to fast genetic improvements. Clusters with superior agronomic types were identified and could be exploited for the transfer of desirable genes to improve the yield potential of the @entity2 crop.

title: Analysis of genetic traits for drought tolerance in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The suggestion that treating blood pressure to below a certain level may increase IHD mortality is controversial. We investigated the influence of treated blood pressure on mortality in the DHSS @entity1 Care Computer Project. Mortality was examined by quintiles of treated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in 2,145 @entity0 treated for a minimum period of one year and subsequently followed for an average of four years. One hundred and seventy five @entity0 died; 71 from IHD. In @entity0 and @entity0 all cause mortality increased with level of treated DBP. In @entity0 IHD mortality showed a U-shaped distribution with an age-adjusted rate of 15.2 per 1,000 @entity0 years in the lowest fifth (DBP less than 86 mmHg) comparable to that of 15.6 per 1,000 in the upper (DBP greater than or equal to 103 mmHg). A similar pattern could not be established in @entity0 due to very few IHD deaths. IHD mortality was further examined separately for @entity0 by prior history of IHD. An increase in IHD deaths in the lowest fifth of treated blood pressure was found for @entity0 both with and without a history of IHD. No similar pattern of IHD mortality was obtained for untreated @entity3 or treated systolic pressure. However, we cannot exclude the possibility that the risk of low treated DBP is secondary to @entity2 .

title: The relationship between a low treated blood pressure and IHD mortality: a report from the DHSS XXXX Care Computing Project (DHCCP).

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic appraisal of the published literature reviews related to the impact of @entity1 on everyday life. This theme was identified as the top priority area for research by @entity0 in the Macmillan Listening Study, which was the first UK-wide public consultation exercise to identify @entity0 ' priorities for @entity1 research. SEARCH STRATEGY: The top priority area was divided into ten sub-themes, and a modified systematic review was undertaken for each sub-theme using electronic searches. INCLUSION CRITERIA: Literature review papers were included if they were written in English, involved @entity0 diagnosed >= 18 years, any @entity1 types and published between 2000 and 2006. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Two thousand and two hundred and fifty-two potentially eligible papers were identified. Abstracts were read by the first author and selected for inclusion in the review. Twenty percentages of the papers were also read independently by other authors. Sixty-two review papers were finally selected. MAIN RESULTS: The systematic appraisal revealed that some sub-themes of the @entity0 -identified priority area (e.g., how to support family members of @entity1 @entity0 ) were under-researched, while other sub-themes (e.g., @entity2 and @entity3 experienced by @entity1 @entity0 ) had been explored to some extent. Certain areas of research interest to @entity0 were found to have been explored; however, their significance was limited by the quality of the research. CONCLUSION: The systematic appraisal highlights important areas for future research and the need for more effective dissemination of study findings to wider audiences, including service users. This study also indicates the need for further research to enhance the generalizability and/or significance of findings.

title: Impact of XXXX on everyday life: a systematic appraisal of the research evidence.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND:     Giving @entity0 and young @entity0 information about @entity1 and associated risk has been shown to be important to their identity, coping and decision making. Parents, however, find talking to their @entity0 difficult, and support from health professionals is often not available to them. OBJECTIVE:     To explore the role of support groups in family coping, and in assisting parents' communication about risk with @entity0 in families affected by an @entity1 . METHODS:     Semi-structured interviews analysed using grounded theory and informed by models focusing on aspects of family communication. @entity0 :     Affected and unaffected @entity0 and their parents, from families affected by one of six @entity1 , that represent different patterns of inheritance, and variations in age of onset, life expectancy and impact on families. RESULTS:     Parents often sought support they did not receive elsewhere from support groups. They identified benefits, but also potential disadvantages to this involvement. These related to the specific condition and also whether groups were run solely by parents or had professional input. Support groups rarely helped directly with family communication, but attendance often stimulated family discussion, and they provided information that improved parents' confidence in discussing the condition. CONCLUSIONS:     Support groups should be seen only as additional to the support offered by health and social care professionals. An increased understanding of the role of support groups in assisting families with @entity1 has been highlighted, but further work is needed to explore more fully how this may be made more sustainable and far-reaching.

title: The role of support groups in facilitating families in coping with a XXXX and in discussion of genetic risk information.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: Multidisciplinary care (MDC) is accepted as best practice in @entity1 treatment planning and care. Despite recognition of the importance of a team approach, limited data are available about the extent to which MDC has been implemented in Australia. The aim of the audit was to investigate the implementation of MDC for five main @entity1 types across Australia in line with best practice. METHODS: A sample of 155 hospitals was surveyed to investigate the status of MDC for @entity1 treatment planning in Australia across five @entity1 types (breast, gynecological, lung, prostate and colorectal). The survey investigated team structure, meetings, @entity0 consent, documentation of team recommendations and communication with the @entity0 . RESULTS: Two-thirds of hospitals surveyed did not have a multidisciplinary team. Of those with such a team; in one-third @entity0 were not informed their case would be discussed by the team, in half @entity0 consent was not sought for all cases discussed by the team, in one-quarter the team's recommended treatment plan was not noted in the @entity0 record. Less than 1% of teams reported routine attendance by the @entity1 -specific minimum core team. CONCLUSION: MDC is not being implemented in line with best practice or applied consistently across Australia. This audit has highlighted gaps in care delivery, despite national recommendations about MDC. Areas being neglected can affect the quality of care provided and may put clinicians at medico-legal risk. Recommendations to improve uptake and effectiveness of MDC are provided.

title: XXXX care in Australia: a national audit highlights gaps in care and medico-legal risk for clinicians.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the relationships between accident mechanisms as well as initial findings and the long-term course of @entity7 . A representative sample of 117 consecutive @entity0 referred by primary care physicians was followed-up over 12 months., @entity5 or dislocations of the cervical spine, @entity6 and pre-existing @entity2 were exclusion criteria. The interval between the accident and the baseline examination was 7.4 days (SD 4.2 days). Assessment included accident features (e.g. passenger position in the car, head restraint, head position, type of collision), initial symptoms (e.g. intensity and onset of @entity4 , symptoms of @entity3 , multiple symptom score), and signs (restricted neck movement, @entity3 ). At the 1-year examination, @entity0 were divided into an asymptomatic and a symptomatic group and were compared with respect to accident features and baseline findings. Twenty-four percent of @entity0 were still symptomatic after 1 year. Analysing accident mechanisms separately, rotated or inclined head position was the primary feature related to symptom persistence (P = 0.005). The symptomatic group scored higher at baseline on the multiple symptom rating (P = 0.004) and had a higher incidence of initial @entity1 (P = 0.004) and neurological symptoms (P = 0.008) together with a higher intensity of @entity1 (P = 0.0002) and neck @entity4 (P = 0.0009).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effect of accident mechanisms and initial findings on the long-term course of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity8 of the splenoportal axis not associated with @entity9 or @entity1 is a rare disease whose prevalence ranges from 0.7 to 3.7 per 100,000 inhabitants. However, this entity is the second most common cause of portal @entity3 . Prothrombotic factors are present as an underlying cause in up to 70% of @entity0 and local factors in 10-50%. The coexistence of several etiological factors is frequent. Clinical presentation may be acute or chronic (portal cavernomatosis). The acute phase can present as @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity6 , fever, rectorrhagia, @entity4 , and @entity2 . In this phase, early initiation of anticoagulation is essential to achieve portal vein recanalization and thus improve @entity0 prognosis. In the chronic phase, symptoms are due to @entity3 . In this phase, the aim of treatment is to treat or prevent the complications of portal @entity3 . Anticoagulation is reserved to @entity0 with a proven underlying thrombophilic factor.

title: [Treatment of non-cirrhotic, non-tumoural portal vein XXXX ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study presents and validates a detection and monitoring model for @entity1 based on automated frequent sampling of online cell count (OCC). Initially, data were filtered and adjusted for sensor drift and skewed distribution using ln-transformation. Acceptable data were passed on to a time-series model using double exponential smoothing to estimate level and trends at @entity0 level. The OCC levels and trends were converted to a continuous (0-1) scale, termed elevated @entity1 risk (EMR), where values close to zero indicate healthy @entity0 status and values close to 1 indicate high risk of @entity1 . Finally, a feedback loop was included to dynamically request a time to next sample, based on latest EMR values or errors in the raw data stream. The estimated EMR values were used to issue 2 types of alerts, new and (on-going) intramammary infection (IMI) alerts. The new alerts were issued when the EMR values exceeded a threshold, and the IMI alerts were issued for subsequent alerts. New alerts were only issued after the EMR had been below the threshold for at least 8 d. The detection model was evaluated using time-window analysis and commercial herd data (6 herds, 595,927 milkings) at different sampling intensities. Recorded treatments of @entity1 were used as gold standard. Significantly higher EMR values were detected in treated than in contemporary untreated @entity0 . The proportion of detected @entity1 cases using new alerts was between 28.0 and 43.1% and highest for a fixed sampling scheme aiming at 24 h between measurements. This was higher for IMI alerts, between 54.6 and 89.0%, and highest when all available measurements were used. The lowest false alert rate of 6.5 per 1,000 milkings was observed when all measurements were used. The results showed that a dynamic sampling scheme with a default value of 24 h between measurements gave only a small reduction in proportion of detected @entity1 treatments and remained at 88.5%. It was concluded that filtering of raw data combined with a time-series model was effective in detecting and monitoring @entity1 status in dairy @entity0 when based on IMI alerts, and by using a dynamically adjusting sampling scheme almost full performance was still obtainable. However, results were less desirable when based on new alerts most likely because of the used gold standard for @entity1 , which may not necessarily reflect the onset of and IMI case in contrast to a new alert.

title: Monitoring individual XXXX udder health in automated milking systems using online somatic cell counts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the ability of @entity4 scans to determine whether residual masses consist of viable @entity2 or @entity3 fibrous tissue after chemotherapy for @entity5 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 were enrolled and 27 were assessable. @entity0 receiving first-line or salvage chemotherapy had @entity4 scans performed during their first and last scheduled course of chemotherapy and results were compared with restaging computed tomographic (CT) scans and subsequent clinical outcome. RESULTS: Of 27 assessable @entity0 , 22 received first-line chemotherapy (group A) and five salvage chemotherapy (group B). Eight @entity0 were not @entity4 -avid before chemotherapy despite obvious clinical and radiographic evidence of @entity1 . Eighteen of 19 @entity4 -positive @entity0 had a persistent mass postchemotherapy on abdominal CT. Of 16 @entity0 in group A whose @entity2 were @entity4 -avid, all 16 had normalized @entity4 scans after chemotherapy. However, two of these 16 @entity0 recurred in their original disease site. In group B, there were three @entity0 with @entity4 -avid @entity2 and all three had normalized scans postchemotherapy. Two @entity0 who were not @entity4 -avid (one each in group A and B) also developed recurrent disease. Twenty-four of 27 @entity0 are alive with no evidence of active disease at a median follow-up time of 18 months, including 20 with more than 1 year of follow-up data. CONCLUSION: Eight of 27 @entity0 had false-negative @entity4 scans at the time of diagnosis. All nineteen @entity4 scans that were initially positive reverted to normal after chemotherapy. Two of 19 @entity0 ' follow-up @entity4 scans were false-negative. We therefore feel that @entity4 scans have minimal value in the prechemotherapy or postchemotherapy evaluation of @entity1 .

title: @entity4 scans in the evaluation of residual masses after chemotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the ability of @entity4 scans to determine whether residual masses consist of viable @entity2 or @entity3 fibrous tissue after chemotherapy for @entity5 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 were enrolled and 27 were assessable. @entity0 receiving first-line or salvage chemotherapy had @entity4 scans performed during their first and last scheduled course of chemotherapy and results were compared with restaging computed tomographic (CT) scans and subsequent clinical outcome. RESULTS: Of 27 assessable @entity0 , 22 received first-line chemotherapy (group A) and five salvage chemotherapy (group B). Eight @entity0 were not @entity4 -avid before chemotherapy despite obvious clinical and radiographic evidence of @entity1 . Eighteen of 19 @entity4 -positive @entity0 had a persistent mass postchemotherapy on abdominal CT. Of 16 @entity0 in group A whose @entity2 were @entity4 -avid, all 16 had normalized @entity4 scans after chemotherapy. However, two of these 16 @entity0 recurred in their original disease site. In group B, there were three @entity0 with @entity4 -avid @entity2 and all three had normalized scans postchemotherapy. Two @entity0 who were not @entity4 -avid (one each in group A and B) also developed recurrent disease. Twenty-four of 27 @entity0 are alive with no evidence of active disease at a median follow-up time of 18 months, including 20 with more than 1 year of follow-up data. CONCLUSION: Eight of 27 @entity0 had false-negative @entity4 scans at the time of diagnosis. All nineteen @entity4 scans that were initially positive reverted to normal after chemotherapy. Two of 19 @entity0 ' follow-up @entity4 scans were false-negative. We therefore feel that @entity4 scans have minimal value in the prechemotherapy or postchemotherapy evaluation of @entity1 .

title: XXXX scans in the evaluation of residual masses after chemotherapy for @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Degenerative changes of @entity3 with lymphocytic infiltration into portal areas have been recognized as the characteristic histopathologic features in the liver with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Occasionally, lymphocytic infiltration into biliary ductal epithelium was noted and has been thought to be mostly the result of nonspecific @entity1 . However, this histological presentation looks quite similar to that of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) after bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or acute cellular rejection (ACR) after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx). According to this histological similarity, we presumed that the degeneration of @entity3 (DIBD) might have developed with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) as some part of an immunologic reaction, and focused on the DIBD with @entity7 in the @entity0 with @entity5 . Liver specimens obtained from 31 @entity0 with @entity5 at the time of primary Kasai operation and 3 @entity0 at the time of reoperation were reviewed histologically, and investigated DIBD with @entity7 . Nine @entity0 with @entity6 (CBD) and 5 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were added to this study as a control population. All @entity0 with @entity5 presented with DIBD with @entity7 . On the other hand, only 2 @entity0 with CBD presented with DIBD with @entity7 , and no @entity0 with @entity2 presented with DIBD with @entity7 . The DIBD with @entity7 is not limited to @entity0 with @entity5 , but it seems to be much more serious in this group. These findings may suggest that some sort of immunologic factors contribute to the persistent DIBD in the @entity0 with @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Degeneration of intrahepatic bile duct with lymphocyte infiltration into biliary epithelial cells in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether inhaled @entity5 can be discontinued in the stable phase of @entity6 or @entity7 ( @entity7 ) or if this therapy should be continued. DESIGN: Nonrandomized open uncontrolled 5-year trial. SETTING: Prospective study in general practice. @entity0 : Forty-eight @entity0 with steroid-dependent @entity6 or @entity7 who had shown a decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of at least 80 mL per year and at least one exacerbation per year during the first 2 years of bronchodilator treatment. Subjects were treated additionally with inhaled @entity4 for another 2 years and were finally given the option to stop using @entity4 . Sixteen @entity0 were willing to stop using @entity9 and were studied for another year. No recruitment bias took place in this consecutive sample in the fifth year of follow-up. Two of 16 @entity0 developed @entity2 and dropped out. INTERVENTIONS: Two years of bronchodilator treatment alone (400 micrograms of @entity10 or 40 micrograms of @entity11 four times daily), followed by 2 years of additional inhaled @entity3 treatment (400 micrograms of @entity9 two times daily), and finally 1 year of bronchodilator treatment alone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Decline in lung function (FEV1), change in @entity8 , indicated by a provocative concentration of @entity1 causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20), morning peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), diurnal PEFR, week-to-week variation of PEFR, bronchial symptoms, and exacerbations. RESULTS: The course of FEV1 during the year in which @entity9 was discontinued was not significantly different when compared with the 2-year period of @entity9 treatment. Neither did the course of PC20, morning PEFR, diurnal PEFR, symptom score, and exacerbation rate change. Only the week-to-week variation of the PEFR increased after discontinuing @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Discontinuing inhaled @entity4 is possible in some @entity0 with @entity6 or @entity7 after 2 years of regular treatment. This might indicate that for certain groups of @entity0 with mild @entity6 or @entity7 , periodic treatment schedules with inhaled @entity4 is the treatment policy for the future.

title: Periodic treatment regimens with inhaled XXXX in @entity6 or @entity7 . Is it possible?

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether inhaled @entity5 can be discontinued in the stable phase of @entity6 or @entity7 ( @entity7 ) or if this therapy should be continued. DESIGN: Nonrandomized open uncontrolled 5-year trial. SETTING: Prospective study in general practice. @entity0 : Forty-eight @entity0 with steroid-dependent @entity6 or @entity7 who had shown a decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of at least 80 mL per year and at least one exacerbation per year during the first 2 years of bronchodilator treatment. Subjects were treated additionally with inhaled @entity4 for another 2 years and were finally given the option to stop using @entity4 . Sixteen @entity0 were willing to stop using @entity9 and were studied for another year. No recruitment bias took place in this consecutive sample in the fifth year of follow-up. Two of 16 @entity0 developed @entity2 and dropped out. INTERVENTIONS: Two years of bronchodilator treatment alone (400 micrograms of @entity10 or 40 micrograms of @entity11 four times daily), followed by 2 years of additional inhaled @entity3 treatment (400 micrograms of @entity9 two times daily), and finally 1 year of bronchodilator treatment alone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Decline in lung function (FEV1), change in @entity8 , indicated by a provocative concentration of @entity1 causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20), morning peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), diurnal PEFR, week-to-week variation of PEFR, bronchial symptoms, and exacerbations. RESULTS: The course of FEV1 during the year in which @entity9 was discontinued was not significantly different when compared with the 2-year period of @entity9 treatment. Neither did the course of PC20, morning PEFR, diurnal PEFR, symptom score, and exacerbation rate change. Only the week-to-week variation of the PEFR increased after discontinuing @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Discontinuing inhaled @entity4 is possible in some @entity0 with @entity6 or @entity7 after 2 years of regular treatment. This might indicate that for certain groups of @entity0 with mild @entity6 or @entity7 , periodic treatment schedules with inhaled @entity4 is the treatment policy for the future.

title: Periodic treatment regimens with inhaled @entity4 in @entity6 or XXXX . Is it possible?

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether inhaled @entity5 can be discontinued in the stable phase of @entity6 or @entity7 ( @entity7 ) or if this therapy should be continued. DESIGN: Nonrandomized open uncontrolled 5-year trial. SETTING: Prospective study in general practice. @entity0 : Forty-eight @entity0 with steroid-dependent @entity6 or @entity7 who had shown a decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of at least 80 mL per year and at least one exacerbation per year during the first 2 years of bronchodilator treatment. Subjects were treated additionally with inhaled @entity4 for another 2 years and were finally given the option to stop using @entity4 . Sixteen @entity0 were willing to stop using @entity9 and were studied for another year. No recruitment bias took place in this consecutive sample in the fifth year of follow-up. Two of 16 @entity0 developed @entity2 and dropped out. INTERVENTIONS: Two years of bronchodilator treatment alone (400 micrograms of @entity10 or 40 micrograms of @entity11 four times daily), followed by 2 years of additional inhaled @entity3 treatment (400 micrograms of @entity9 two times daily), and finally 1 year of bronchodilator treatment alone. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Decline in lung function (FEV1), change in @entity8 , indicated by a provocative concentration of @entity1 causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20), morning peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), diurnal PEFR, week-to-week variation of PEFR, bronchial symptoms, and exacerbations. RESULTS: The course of FEV1 during the year in which @entity9 was discontinued was not significantly different when compared with the 2-year period of @entity9 treatment. Neither did the course of PC20, morning PEFR, diurnal PEFR, symptom score, and exacerbation rate change. Only the week-to-week variation of the PEFR increased after discontinuing @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Discontinuing inhaled @entity4 is possible in some @entity0 with @entity6 or @entity7 after 2 years of regular treatment. This might indicate that for certain groups of @entity0 with mild @entity6 or @entity7 , periodic treatment schedules with inhaled @entity4 is the treatment policy for the future.

title: Periodic treatment regimens with inhaled @entity4 in XXXX or @entity7 . Is it possible?

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: An increasing number of elderly @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 are being referred for minimally invasive myotomy. Little data are available about the operative outcomes in this population. The objective of this study was to review our experience with this procedure in an elderly population. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of 51 consecutive @entity0 , 65 years of age or older, diagnosed with @entity1 who underwent a minimally invasive myotomy at our institution. Prior therapies, perioperative outcomes, and postoperative interventions were also analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 51 @entity0 , 28 (55%) had undergone prior endoscopic therapy, and 2 @entity0 (7%) had a prior myotomy. Mean duration of symptoms was 10.9 years (range, 0.5 to 50). No perioperative mortality occurred, and the median hospital stay was 3 days. Two @entity0 (3.8%) had complications, including a @entity2 and one atelectasia. Eleven @entity0 (21%) required additional therapy postoperatively. Symptom improvement was described in all @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic Heller myotomy can safely be performed in elderly @entity0 , providing significant symptom relief. No evidence suggests that surgery should not be considered a first-line treatment. Advanced age does not appear to adversely affect outcomes of laparoscopic Heller myotomy.

title: Outcomes of minimally invasive myotomy for the treatment of XXXX in the elderly.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report the case of a 68-year-old female @entity0 affected by @entity1 and a synchronous metastatic lesion measuring 8 cm in diameter in the left hepatic lobe. After a laparoscopic ultrasonography exploration of the liver to detect possible occult metastases, a simultaneous colorectal resection and a left hepatic lobectomy including a partial resection of segment IV were performed. Five ports were used for the entire procedure. The resected specimens were extracted through a Pfannenstiel incision. The procedure was completed laparoscopically. Total operative time was 455 minutes with negligible intraoperative @entity2 . The postoperative hospital stay was 12 days. At 4-month follow-up, the @entity0 recovered completely. A computed tomography scan performed at this time showed no signs of recurrent disease. This report confirms the feasibility of the laparoscopic approach to simultaneous hepatic and colorectal resections in @entity1 . The known advantages of the miniinvasive approach could make such complex procedures more endurable.

title: Simultaneous laparoscopic anterior resection and left XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The growth factor neuregulin (NRG) is one of the most promising candidates in protein therapy as potential treatment for @entity1 ( @entity1 ). In the last few years, biomaterial based delivery systems, such as polymeric microparticles (MPs) made of @entity3 and @entity2 ( @entity3 and @entity5 MPs), have improved the efficacy of protein therapy in preclinical studies. However, no cardiac treatment based on MPs has yet been commercialized since this is a relatively new field and total characterization of polymeric MPs remains mandatory before they reach the clinical arena. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the in vivo release, bioactivity and biodegradation of @entity3 and @entity5 MPs loaded with biotinylated NRG in a @entity0 model of @entity1 . The effect of PEGylation in the clearance of the particles from the cardiac tissue was also evaluated. Interestingly, MPs were detected in the cardiac tissue for up to 12weeks after administration. In vivo release analysis showed that bNRG was released in a controlled manner throughout the twelve week study. Moreover, the biological cardiomyocyte receptor ( @entity4 ) for NRG was detected in its activated form only in those animals treated with bNRG loaded MPs. On the other hand, the PEGylation strategy was effective in diminishing phagocytosis of these MPs compared to noncoated MPs in the long term (12weeks after injection). Taking all this together, we report new evidence in favor of the use of polymeric @entity3 and @entity5 MPs as delivery systems for treating @entity1 , which could be soon included in clinical trials.

title: Tracking the in vivo release of bioactive NRG from XXXX and @entity5 microparticles in infarcted hearts.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The growth factor neuregulin (NRG) is one of the most promising candidates in protein therapy as potential treatment for @entity1 ( @entity1 ). In the last few years, biomaterial based delivery systems, such as polymeric microparticles (MPs) made of @entity3 and @entity2 ( @entity3 and @entity5 MPs), have improved the efficacy of protein therapy in preclinical studies. However, no cardiac treatment based on MPs has yet been commercialized since this is a relatively new field and total characterization of polymeric MPs remains mandatory before they reach the clinical arena. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize the in vivo release, bioactivity and biodegradation of @entity3 and @entity5 MPs loaded with biotinylated NRG in a @entity0 model of @entity1 . The effect of PEGylation in the clearance of the particles from the cardiac tissue was also evaluated. Interestingly, MPs were detected in the cardiac tissue for up to 12weeks after administration. In vivo release analysis showed that bNRG was released in a controlled manner throughout the twelve week study. Moreover, the biological cardiomyocyte receptor ( @entity4 ) for NRG was detected in its activated form only in those animals treated with bNRG loaded MPs. On the other hand, the PEGylation strategy was effective in diminishing phagocytosis of these MPs compared to noncoated MPs in the long term (12weeks after injection). Taking all this together, we report new evidence in favor of the use of polymeric @entity3 and @entity5 MPs as delivery systems for treating @entity1 , which could be soon included in clinical trials.

title: Tracking the in vivo release of bioactive NRG from @entity3 and XXXX microparticles in infarcted hearts.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) therapy is an effective agent in early chronic phase (ECP) @entity1 ( @entity1 ), achieving hematologic control in the majority and major cytogenetic response (MCR) (reduction in Ph' +ve metaphases to < 35%) in a substantial minority. Currently no pretreatment markers exist to ascertain likelihood of meaningful response. The site of breakpoint in M-bcr and relationship to prognosis is controversial. Studies have been hampered by variation in definition of breakpoint and difference in treatment protocols. In this study of ECP @entity1 @entity0 , Southern analysis and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to determine breakpoint location. @entity0 received alpha-IFN (9 x 10(6) units/day) and dose-adjusted @entity2 (HU) to maintain granulocyte count between 1.0-2.0 x 10(9)/l for 6 months or more. Twelve of 31 @entity0 entered on the study achieved a MCR. The Sokal index did not predict for cytogenetic response to alpha-IFN. Eight of 11 @entity0 with 5' breakpoint achieved MCR compared to only four of 20 @entity0 with 3' breakpoint (P = 0.007). These results suggest site of M-bcr rearrangement may be predictive of response to alpha-IFN therapy. If verified by further study, this may allow more appropriate use of alpha-IFN with respect to other modalities such as allogeneic transplant.

title: Cytogenetic response to alpha-interferon is predicted in early chronic phase XXXX by M-bcr breakpoint location.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Reports on the outcome of treatment in @entity1 in Asian (non-Caucasian) adults have been few, and published results compare very unfavourably with results of treatment from 'Western' centres. Seventy-four newly diagnosed Malaysian @entity0 with @entity1 between the ages of 15 and 69 were treated from 1986 to 1990. The clinical features and prognostic factors were similar to those reported in 'Western' series. The chemotherapy protocol utilized was adapted from the one used by Hoelzer et al in the multicentre German study. The complete remission rate was 73%. The probability of continuous complete remission at 5 years was 29% with a median duration of remission of 15 months. This compares with Hoelzer's initial results of 77% CR rate and 35% CCR at 5 years. @entity0 with an initial white cell count of less than 30 x 10(9)/l at presentation were found to have a significantly better disease-free survival than those with a count of more than 30 x 10(9)/l (35 vs 22%, P = 0.026, univariate analysis). There was no difference in @entity2 -free survival according to age, sex, ethnic group, or immunophenotype. These results show that the use of moderately intensive chemotherapy protocols in Asian (non-Caucasian) @entity0 achieves similar results to those used in Caucasians. We also showed that the difficulties in 'curing' approximately 70% of adult @entity0 with @entity1 are universal.

title: Outcome of treatment in adult XXXX in an Asian population: comparison with previous multicentre German study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We performed a retrospective study of 107 consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity10 ) seen by the craniofacial team at the Hospital for Sick @entity0 between 1986 and 1992. There were 51 @entity0 with @entity10 , 33 with @entity12 , 8 with @entity13 , 11 with @entity12 , and 4 with @entity5 . Six @entity0 developed @entity7 ( @entity7 ) after initial suture release and decompression ( @entity12 , three @entity0 ; @entity13 , one @entity0 ; @entity12 , two @entity0 ). Raised @entity7 was considered in those @entity0 who returned with a bulging fontanelle, @entity2 , intermittent @entity1 , @entity4 , and @entity6 . The diagnosis of raised @entity7 was based on @entity9 (four @entity0 ), progressive @entity11 (one @entity0 ), and @entity7 monitoring (one @entity0 ). No @entity0 in this group had @entity8 requiring cerebrospinal fluid diversion. Once raised @entity7 was detected in these @entity0 , a second operation was immediately performed to reduce the @entity7 with the intention of expanding the volume of the cranial cavity. The second procedures included: anterior cranial vault and upper orbital reshaping (four @entity0 ), posterior cranial vault reshaping (one @entity0 ), and total cranial vault reshaping (one @entity0 ). There were no perioperative complications in these @entity0 , although one @entity0 showed subsequent recurrence of raised @entity7 requiring further cranial vault re-expansion. At follow-up, ranging from 3 to 7 years, all six @entity0 were asymptomatic without evidence of raised @entity7 . In our series, raised @entity7 occurred in 6% of the @entity0 with a @entity10 after initial suture release and decompression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The detection and management of @entity7 after initial suture release and decompression for XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: We performed a retrospective study of 107 consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity10 ) seen by the craniofacial team at the Hospital for Sick @entity0 between 1986 and 1992. There were 51 @entity0 with @entity10 , 33 with @entity12 , 8 with @entity13 , 11 with @entity12 , and 4 with @entity5 . Six @entity0 developed @entity7 ( @entity7 ) after initial suture release and decompression ( @entity12 , three @entity0 ; @entity13 , one @entity0 ; @entity12 , two @entity0 ). Raised @entity7 was considered in those @entity0 who returned with a bulging fontanelle, @entity2 , intermittent @entity1 , @entity4 , and @entity6 . The diagnosis of raised @entity7 was based on @entity9 (four @entity0 ), progressive @entity11 (one @entity0 ), and @entity7 monitoring (one @entity0 ). No @entity0 in this group had @entity8 requiring cerebrospinal fluid diversion. Once raised @entity7 was detected in these @entity0 , a second operation was immediately performed to reduce the @entity7 with the intention of expanding the volume of the cranial cavity. The second procedures included: anterior cranial vault and upper orbital reshaping (four @entity0 ), posterior cranial vault reshaping (one @entity0 ), and total cranial vault reshaping (one @entity0 ). There were no perioperative complications in these @entity0 , although one @entity0 showed subsequent recurrence of raised @entity7 requiring further cranial vault re-expansion. At follow-up, ranging from 3 to 7 years, all six @entity0 were asymptomatic without evidence of raised @entity7 . In our series, raised @entity7 occurred in 6% of the @entity0 with a @entity10 after initial suture release and decompression.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The detection and management of XXXX after initial suture release and decompression for @entity10 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: By means of high-gain ECG and signal-averaging techniques, we tried to determine the prevalence and prognostic significance of ventricular late potentials (VLPs) in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). No VLPs were detected in normal subjects (n = 25) or in @entity0 with @entity5 with sustained @entity4 (VT/VF) (n = 10). Among 92 @entity2 @entity0 , VLPs were apparent in 35% (32 of 92) at the beginning of the study. The prevalence of VLPs increased to 48% (19 of 40) in the presence of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and to 82% (14 of 17) in the presence of a history of previous sustained VT/VF. To determine the prognostic significance of VLPs, a prospective analysis was conducted during a mean of 7.4 months (range 1 to 22 months). During the follow-up period, 11 @entity0 (12%) presented with an episode of sustained VT/VF, and six of them died from documented VT/VF. Three other @entity0 died from @entity3 . An episode of sustained VT/VF occurred in 31% (10 of 32) of the @entity0 with VLPs vs 2% (1 of 58) of the @entity0 without VLPs (p less than 0.001), and six @entity0 with VLPs died from sustained VT/VF vs none in the group of @entity0 without VLPs (p less than 0.01). This VLP-related increase in arrhythmic risk was still present in the particular subgroup of @entity0 with a history of previous sustained VT/VF (n = 17) and in @entity0 with @entity1 (n = 40). The risk of developing sustained VT/VF was also influenced by the length of the VLP and by a low mean ejection fraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Prognostic significance of ventricular late potentials in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Both @entity3 undergo @entity4 . Detection of @entity5 mRNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been described as an extremely sensitive way of detecting circulating viable @entity2 cells in the peripheral venous blood, and this technique may be of value in the early detection of dissemination. Also, it has been suggested that surgical manipulation of the eye, such as occurs during enucleation, can provoke @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether @entity5 mRNA is detectable in the peripheral blood of @entity0 with uveal and cutaneous @entity2 and in @entity0 with @entity3 undergoing surgical procedures on the eye harbouring the @entity1 . Venous blood samples from 36 @entity0 diagnosed as having active @entity3 and from six @entity0 with advanced metastatic cutaneous @entity2 were analysed. In addition, blood samples were spiked with known numbers of cells from three cell lines and four primary @entity3 . The reported sensitivity of the technique was confirmed, with an ability to detect down to one cell per ml of blood. All 51 blood samples from the 36 @entity0 with @entity3 were negative, and this included 20 perioperative blood samples. The test was also negative for the six @entity0 with advanced cutaneous @entity2 . There were two positives among 31 control samples analysed. This study demonstrates that there are far fewer circulating viable melanocytes than has been previously supposed in @entity0 with @entity2 and that the RT-PCR is of no clinical value in detecting metastatic @entity2 . There was no evidence for surgery causing a bolus of @entity2 cells to enter the peripheral circulation.

title: The detection of XXXX cells in peripheral blood by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 and surgery are commonly practiced in stricturing @entity1 . Nonetheless, there are still scant data directly comparing these 2 strategies. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the short- and long-term outcomes of @entity2 versus surgical resection in symptomatic @entity1 . DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study. SETTINGS: The study was conducted at a single tertiary center. @entity0 : Seventy-nine @entity0 were identified, 40 in the surgical group and 39 in the @entity2 group (mean age 42.8        13.9 versus 38.5        12.2 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcomes of all @entity0 referred for @entity2 were compared with @entity0 referred to surgery because of stricturing disease between the years 2006 and 2013. The primary outcome was the need for reintervention (either @entity2 or surgery) for symptomatic @entity1 during follow-up. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity0 who required any reintervention during follow-up was significantly lower in the surgical group versus the @entity2 group (OR = 5.62 (95% CI, 1.66-19.01); p = 0.005). The need for surgery/resurgery during follow-up was also significantly lower in the surgically treated group (OR = 3.53 (95% CI, 1.01-12.29); p = 0.047). Reintervention-free survival and surgery-free survival were both significantly shorter in the endoscopically treated group in a Kaplan-Mayer analysis. The rate of major complications was similar in the endoscopically and surgically treated groups (7.6% versus 7.5%; p = 0.7). LIMITATIONS: The small cohort and the retrospective data collection were limitations of this study. CONCLUSIONS: In our cohort of @entity0 with fibrostenotic @entity1 , a direct comparison showed reduced need for reinterventions with a similar rate of immediate major complications after surgery compared with @entity2 .

title: Clinical Outcomes of Surgery Versus Endoscopic Balloon Dilation for Stricturing XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conscious external anal sphincter contraction is mediated by the pudendal nerve. @entity1 is, therefore, believed to result in @entity3 . Until urge sensation is experienced, fecal continence is maintained by unconscious external anal sphincter contraction, which is regulated by the anal-external sphincter continence reflex. The innervation of unconscious contraction is yet unknown. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine whether unconscious contraction is mediated by the pudendal nerve and whether age influences unconscious contraction. DESIGN: This was a retrospective comparative study. SETTINGS: The study was conducted in a tertiary care center. @entity0 : Seventy adult @entity0 experiencing defecation problems who underwent anorectal function tests were included in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Conscious and unconscious contractions were compared between @entity0 with and without @entity1 . Conscious contraction was defined by maximum anal sphincter contractility, unconscious contraction by pressure in the anal canal at maximum tolerable or retainable sensation during the balloon retention test. RESULTS: Unconscious contraction did not differ significantly between @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity1 @entity0 , whereas conscious contraction was significantly lower in @entity0 with @entity1 . Multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated that unconscious contraction, in contrast to conscious contraction, was not predicted significantly by age and anal electrosensitivity at 2   cm, which represents @entity1 . @entity0 with @entity1 were significantly older than @entity0 with @entity1 . LIMITATIONS: The pudendal nerve motor latency and EMG tests were not performed. CONCLUSIONS: The pudendal nerve does not mediate unconscious external anal sphincter contraction. @entity1 alone, therefore, results in urge @entity2 rather than in complete @entity3 . Unconscious contraction appears not to be influenced by age. Therefore, most of the elderly @entity0 experience urge @entity2 rather than complete @entity3 .

title: XXXX Alone Results in Urge Incontinence Rather Than in Complete @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conscious external anal sphincter contraction is mediated by the pudendal nerve. @entity1 is, therefore, believed to result in @entity3 . Until urge sensation is experienced, fecal continence is maintained by unconscious external anal sphincter contraction, which is regulated by the anal-external sphincter continence reflex. The innervation of unconscious contraction is yet unknown. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine whether unconscious contraction is mediated by the pudendal nerve and whether age influences unconscious contraction. DESIGN: This was a retrospective comparative study. SETTINGS: The study was conducted in a tertiary care center. @entity0 : Seventy adult @entity0 experiencing defecation problems who underwent anorectal function tests were included in this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Conscious and unconscious contractions were compared between @entity0 with and without @entity1 . Conscious contraction was defined by maximum anal sphincter contractility, unconscious contraction by pressure in the anal canal at maximum tolerable or retainable sensation during the balloon retention test. RESULTS: Unconscious contraction did not differ significantly between @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity1 @entity0 , whereas conscious contraction was significantly lower in @entity0 with @entity1 . Multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated that unconscious contraction, in contrast to conscious contraction, was not predicted significantly by age and anal electrosensitivity at 2   cm, which represents @entity1 . @entity0 with @entity1 were significantly older than @entity0 with @entity1 . LIMITATIONS: The pudendal nerve motor latency and EMG tests were not performed. CONCLUSIONS: The pudendal nerve does not mediate unconscious external anal sphincter contraction. @entity1 alone, therefore, results in urge @entity2 rather than in complete @entity3 . Unconscious contraction appears not to be influenced by age. Therefore, most of the elderly @entity0 experience urge @entity2 rather than complete @entity3 .

title: @entity1 Alone Results in Urge Incontinence Rather Than in Complete XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Introduction. Medication lists and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) including "brown bag reviews" (BBR) are important instruments for medication safety. The aim of this study was to explore whether @entity0 ' use of a medication list is associated with their beliefs about their medicine and their memory of @entity1 . Methods. Baseline data of 344 @entity0 enrolled into the "Polypharmacy in Multimorbid @entity0 study" were analysed. Linear regression models were calculated for the "specific necessity subscale" (SNS) and the "specific concerns subscale" ( @entity2 ) of the German "Beliefs About Medicine Questionnaire," including self-developed variables assessing @entity0 ' use of a medication list, their memory of @entity1 , and sociodemographic data. Results. 62.8% (n = 216) remembered an appointment for @entity1 and 32.0% (n = 110) BBR. The SNS correlated positively with regular receipt of a medication list (b = 0.286, p < 0.01) and negatively with memory of a BBR (b = -0.268; p < 0.01). The @entity2 correlated positively with memory of a BBR (b = 0.160, p = 0.02) and negatively with the comprehensiveness of the mediation list (b = -0.224; p < 0.01). Conclusions. A comprehensive medication list may reduce @entity0 ' concerns and increase the perceived necessity of their medication. A potential negative impact of BBR on @entity0 ' beliefs about their medicine should be considered and quality standards for @entity1 developed.

title: Medication Lists and Brown Bag Reviews: Potential Positive and Negative Impacts on XXXX Beliefs about Their Medicine.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Objectives. A symptomatic @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a severe complication after open partial nephrectomy (OPN). The aim of our study was to assess incidence and risk factors for @entity2 formation. Furthermore, we present our management strategy. @entity0 and Methods. Clinical records of consecutive @entity0 undergoing OPN were assessed for surgical outcome and @entity3 . Renal masses were risk stratified for @entity1 complexity according to the PADUA score. Uni- and multivariate analysis for symptomatic RPAs were performed using the t-tests and logistic regression. Results. We identified 233 @entity0 treated with OPN. Symptomatic RPAs were observed in 13 (5.6%) @entity0 , on average 14 (4-42) days after surgery. Uni- and multivariate analysis identified @entity1 complexity to be an independent predictor for symptomatic RPAs (p = 0.004). There was a significant correlation between RPAs and transfusion and the duration of stay (p < 0.001 and p = 0.021). Symptomatic RPAs were diagnosed with CT scans and successfully treated with @entity4 . Discussion. Symptomatic RPAs are not uncommon after OPN for high-risk renal masses. A high nephrometry score is a predictor for this severe complication and may enable a risk-stratified followup. RPAs can successfully be located by CT angiography, which enables targeted angiographic treatment.

title: Open Partial Nephrectomy for High-Risk Renal Masses Is Associated with XXXX : Assessment of a Severe Procedure-Related Complication.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity0 with pathological T3N0 stage urothelial @entity2 show a range of outcomes after radical cystectomy. Given that nomograms have included heterogeneous groups of @entity0 , we focused on and stratified @entity0 with pT3N0 urothelial @entity2 after radical cystectomy into prognostically different risk groups to facilitate the development of adjuvant therapy trials for those at high risk. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study comprised a total of 578 @entity0 from 9 centers worldwide with pT3N0 urothelial @entity2 who underwent radical cystectomy without perioperative chemotherapy. We evaluated the effect of @entity3 substage at radical cystectomy, age, grade, @entity1 , margin status and number of lymph nodes removed on recurrence-free survival using Cox regression analysis. A weighted prognostic model was devised. RESULTS: Median followup was 39.4 months (IQR 64). On multivariate analysis @entity3 substage at radical cystectomy (pT3b vs pT3a HR 2.056, p <0.0001), @entity1 (positive vs negative HR 2.004, p <0.0001) and margin status (positive vs negative HR 2.503, p = 0.002) were associated with recurrence-free survival (concordance index 0.66) in the context of generally adequate lymph node dissection, that is with a median of 17 removed. Three risk groups were devised based on weighted variables with a 5-year recurrence-free survival rate of 79% (95% CI 70-84), 57% (95% CI 50-64) and 37% (95% CI 26-48) in the low, intermediate and high risk groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: We constructed a user friendly prognostic risk model for @entity0 with pT3N0 urothelial @entity2 treated with radical cystectomy based on @entity3 substage at radical cystectomy, @entity1 and margin status. These data warrant validation and may enable tailored monitoring and selection of appropriate @entity0 for adjuvant therapy trials.

title: Prognostic risk stratification of pathological stage T3N0 XXXX after radical cystectomy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Survivin a multifunctional protein that controls cell division, inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of angiogenesis. It is expressed in most @entity1 @entity2 , but is absent in normal and differentiated tissues. The purpose of this article is to overview the expression of survivin, effect of its expression in response to treatment, correlation with other markers and newer advancement in targeting survivin. METHODS: A detailed search of Medline was carried out using the following search strategy: "((survivin) OR ((apoptosis) AND (inhibitor OR inhibitors))) AND ((breast) AND ( @entity2 OR @entity2 ))". Abstract of all articles thus identified were reviewed to identify the relevant studies, full articles of studies thus identified were then obtained and reviewed. All relevant data was extracted and tabulated. RESULTS: Survivin expression by Immunohistochemistry was identified in 65.3% (55.2-90.0%) of the @entity0 @entity1 among the identified studies while survivin mRNA by RT-PCR was identified in 93.6% (90-97%). Survivin expression has been reported to be associated with over expression of @entity5 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 )/ @entity6 . CONCLUSION: Survivin is over expressed in majority of @entity0 . The over expression of survivin is found to correlate with @entity5 and @entity4 expression. Survivin expression has been found to confer resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. Targeting survivin in experimental models improves survival. More studies are needed on the role of survivin in multi drug resistance (MDR) in the presence of @entity8 / @entity7 / @entity6 and the impact of survivin over expression in triple negative @entity0 .

title: Survivin expression and targeting in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Malassezia is a unique lipophilic genus in class Malasseziomycetes in Ustilaginomycotina, (Basidiomycota, fungi) that otherwise consists almost exclusively of plant pathogens. Malassezia are typically isolated from warm-blooded animals, are dominant members of the @entity0 skin mycobiome and are associated with common @entity1 . To characterize the genetic basis of the unique phenotypes of Malassezia spp., we sequenced the genomes of all 14 accepted species and used comparative genomics against a broad panel of fungal genomes to comprehensively identify distinct features that define the Malassezia gene repertoire: gene gain and loss; selection signatures; and lineage-specific gene family expansions. Our analysis revealed key gene gain events (64) with a single gene conserved across all Malassezia but absent in all other sequenced Basidiomycota. These likely horizontally transferred genes provide intriguing gain-of-function events and prime candidates to explain the emergence of Malassezia. A larger set of genes (741) were lost, with enrichment for glycosyl hydrolases and @entity2 metabolism, concordant with adaptation to skin's @entity2 -deficient environment. Gene family analysis revealed extensive turnover and underlined the importance of secretory lipases, phospholipases, aspartyl proteases, and other peptidases. Combining genomic analysis with a re-evaluation of culture characteristics, we establish the likely lipid-dependence of all Malassezia. Our phylogenetic analysis sheds new light on the relationship between Malassezia and other members of Ustilaginomycotina, as well as phylogenetic lineages within the genus. Overall, our study provides a unique genomic resource for understanding Malassezia niche-specificity and potential virulence, as well as their abundance and distribution in the environment and on @entity0 skin.

title: Genus-Wide Comparative Genomics of Malassezia Delineates Its Phylogeny, Physiology, and Niche Adaptation on XXXX Skin.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of the Lidopat   5% skin patch in relieving rib @entity2 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: From June 2009 to May 2011, 44 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity3 were enrolled in this study and randomized in a double-blind method into 2 groups. The experimental group (group E: 27 @entity0 ) used a Lidopat   5% skin patch at the @entity1 site and took an oral analgesic drug for @entity2 relief. The placebo group (group P: 17 @entity0 ) used a placebo vehicle patch and an oral analgesic drug. RESULTS: The mean age, weight and hospital stay of @entity0 were 56.8    13.8 years, 67.4    12.6 kg and 6.34    1.3 days, respectively. In the first 4 days, there were no significant differences in @entity2 scores between the groups (p > 0.05). After the 5th day, the average @entity2 score was significantly less in group E (mean 1.5) than in group P (mean 3.10; p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the number of @entity3 between groups (p = 0.904). The use of @entity4 and the length of hospital stay (6.0 vs. 6.9 days) were both significantly less in group E (p = 0.043 and 0.009, respectively). CONCLUSION: In this study, the use of the Lidopat   5% skin patch in @entity0 with @entity3 alleviated @entity2 and shortened the hospital stay, and a lower dose of @entity2 -relieving medication was used.

title: Lidocaine Skin Patch (Lidopat   5%) Is Effective in the Treatment of XXXX : A Prospective Double-Blinded and Vehicle-Controlled Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effect of six individual strains of the dominant microflora in solid substrate fermenting @entity2 on cyanogen levels was examined. Six out of eight batches of disinfected @entity2 root pieces were incubated for 72 h after inoculation with either of the fungi Geotrichum candidum, Mucor racemosus, Neurospora sitophila, @entity1 and Rhizopus stolonifer, or a Bacillus sp., isolated from on-farm fermented @entity2 flours from Uganda. One non-inoculated batch was incubated as a reference. Levels of initial and final moisture and cyanogens were assayed. The experiment was done in quadruplicate. Incubation of disinfected root pieces reduced cyanogenic @entity3 levels significantly to 62.7% (SD 2.8) of the initial value. Microbial growth resulted in significant additional reduction of the cyanogenic @entity3 levels to 29.8% (SD 18.9) of the levels which were obtained after non-inoculated incubation. Among the tested strains, N. sitophila reduced cyanogenic @entity3 levels most effectively, followed by R. stolonifer and @entity1 . Of all fermented samples, both Rhizopus spp. showed highest proportion of residual cyanogens in the @entity4 form. Flours showed similar patterns of cyanogens as the batches they were prepared from. Cyanogenic @entity3 level reduction was significantly correlated (r = 0.86) with the extent of root softening. It is concluded that both incubation and microbial activity are instrumental in reducing the potential @entity0 of @entity2 during the solid substrate fermentation and that effectiveness varies considerably between the species of microorganisms applied.

title: Contribution of selected fungi to the reduction of cyanogen levels during solid substrate fermentation of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS OF THE STUDY: Controversy surrounds on the effect of khat, a widely chewed herb for its stimulant effect on sexuality. This study investigated the effect of fresh Catha edulis F. (Khat) extract, synthetic @entity5 and vehicle on reproductive parameters, including sexual motivation and performance, serum @entity1 and @entity2 levels, epididymal sperm count, and histoarchitecture of testis in male @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of fresh Catha edulis Forsk (Khat, Celastraceae) extract, synthetic @entity5 and vehicle on reproductive parameters, including sexual motivation and performance, serum @entity1 and @entity2 levels, epididymal sperm count, and histoarchitecture of testis in male @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 were treated with either @entity4 (3%, v/v) in water, khat extract (100mg/kg, K100; 200mg/kg, K200; and 300mg/kg, K300 doses) or @entity5 (5mg/kg, CAT5) intragastrically for four weeks and subjected to a battery of behavioral tests. Three days following the last administration, blood was drawn for hormonal analysis and the animals were sacrificed for sperm count and morphologic-pathology studies. RESULTS: K100 significantly decreased mount latency (ML) (p<0.05) and intromission latency (IL) (p<0.01) compared to controls. K200 whilst significantly reduced IL (p<0.01) and intromission frequency (IF) (p<0.01), increased postejaculatory latency (PEL) (p<0.01). K300 significantly reduced IF (p<0.01) and ejaculatory latency (EL) (p<0.01), but increased @entity3 ( @entity3 ), IL, PEL, and ML (p<0.01, in all cases). With CAT5, @entity3 (p<0.05) and IL (p<0.01) were significantly greater but EL and IF were lower (p<0.05, in both cases) than controls. Serum levels of @entity1 were doubled in K100 (p<0.01), but a significant decrease was recorded in both K200 (18%, p<0.01) and K300 (50%, p<0.01) @entity0 . Whereas K100 did not have any effect on @entity2 levels, K200 and K300 significantly increased by 83% (p<0.05) and 164.5% (p<0.01), respectively. CAT5 affected neither serum @entity1 nor @entity2 levels. Khat extract demonstrated a dose-dependent decline in epididymal sperm count: 50% with K100 (p<0.05), 78% with K200 (p<0.01) and 89% with K300 (p<0.01). CAT5 did not, however, produce any significant change in sperm count. Khat extract and @entity5 did not produce any discernible damage on testis. CONCLUSION: Mild dose of khat improves sexual motivation, without much effect on performance. With increasing dose, however, both motivation and performance are reduced. Although @entity1 levels correlated well with motivation, there was dissociation with sperm count, indicating optimum level might be required for normal spermatogenesis.

title: Reproductive parameters are differentially altered following subchronic administration of Catha edulis F. (Khat) extract and XXXX in male @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIMS OF THE STUDY: Controversy surrounds on the effect of khat, a widely chewed herb for its stimulant effect on sexuality. This study investigated the effect of fresh Catha edulis F. (Khat) extract, synthetic @entity5 and vehicle on reproductive parameters, including sexual motivation and performance, serum @entity1 and @entity2 levels, epididymal sperm count, and histoarchitecture of testis in male @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effect of fresh Catha edulis Forsk (Khat, Celastraceae) extract, synthetic @entity5 and vehicle on reproductive parameters, including sexual motivation and performance, serum @entity1 and @entity2 levels, epididymal sperm count, and histoarchitecture of testis in male @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 were treated with either @entity4 (3%, v/v) in water, khat extract (100mg/kg, K100; 200mg/kg, K200; and 300mg/kg, K300 doses) or @entity5 (5mg/kg, CAT5) intragastrically for four weeks and subjected to a battery of behavioral tests. Three days following the last administration, blood was drawn for hormonal analysis and the animals were sacrificed for sperm count and morphologic-pathology studies. RESULTS: K100 significantly decreased mount latency (ML) (p<0.05) and intromission latency (IL) (p<0.01) compared to controls. K200 whilst significantly reduced IL (p<0.01) and intromission frequency (IF) (p<0.01), increased postejaculatory latency (PEL) (p<0.01). K300 significantly reduced IF (p<0.01) and ejaculatory latency (EL) (p<0.01), but increased @entity3 ( @entity3 ), IL, PEL, and ML (p<0.01, in all cases). With CAT5, @entity3 (p<0.05) and IL (p<0.01) were significantly greater but EL and IF were lower (p<0.05, in both cases) than controls. Serum levels of @entity1 were doubled in K100 (p<0.01), but a significant decrease was recorded in both K200 (18%, p<0.01) and K300 (50%, p<0.01) @entity0 . Whereas K100 did not have any effect on @entity2 levels, K200 and K300 significantly increased by 83% (p<0.05) and 164.5% (p<0.01), respectively. CAT5 affected neither serum @entity1 nor @entity2 levels. Khat extract demonstrated a dose-dependent decline in epididymal sperm count: 50% with K100 (p<0.05), 78% with K200 (p<0.01) and 89% with K300 (p<0.01). CAT5 did not, however, produce any significant change in sperm count. Khat extract and @entity5 did not produce any discernible damage on testis. CONCLUSION: Mild dose of khat improves sexual motivation, without much effect on performance. With increasing dose, however, both motivation and performance are reduced. Although @entity1 levels correlated well with motivation, there was dissociation with sperm count, indicating optimum level might be required for normal spermatogenesis.

title: Reproductive parameters are differentially altered following subchronic administration of Catha edulis F. (Khat) extract and @entity5 in male XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of @entity3 ingestion on performance and estimated energy system contribution during simulated taekwondo combat and on post-exercise parasympathetic reactivation. METHODS: Ten taekwondo athletes completed two experimental sessions separated by at least 48 hours. Athletes consumed a capsule containing either @entity3 (5 mg   kg-1) or placebo (cellulose) one hour before the combat simulation (3 rounds of 2 min separated by 1 min passive recovery), in a double-blind, randomized, repeated-measures crossover design. All simulated combat was filmed to quantify the time spent fighting in each round. @entity1 concentration and rating of perceived exertion were measured before and after each round, while heart rate (HR) and the estimated contribution of the oxidative (WAER), @entity0 -PCr (WPCR), and glycolytic (W[La-]) systems were calculated during the combat simulation. Furthermore, parasympathetic reactivation after the combat simulation was evaluated through 1) taking absolute difference between the final HR observed at the end of third round and the HR recorded 60-s after (HRR60s), 2) taking the time constant of HR decay obtained by fitting the 6-min post-exercise HRR into a first-order exponential decay curve (HRR  ), or by 3) analyzing the first 30-s via logarithmic regression analysis (T30). RESULTS: @entity3 ingestion increased estimated glycolytic energy contribution in relation to placebo (12.5    1.7 kJ and 8.9    1.2 kJ, P = 0.04). However, @entity3 did not improve performance as measured by attack number (CAF: 26. 7    1.9; @entity2 : 27.3    2.1, P = 0.48) or attack time (CAF: 33.8    1.9 s; @entity2 : 36.6    4.5 s, P = 0.58). Similarly, RPE (CAF: 11.7    0.4 a.u.; @entity2 : 11.5    0.3 a.u., P = 0.62), HR (CAF: 170    3.5 bpm; @entity2 : 174.2 bpm, P = 0.12), oxidative (CAF: 109.3    4.5 kJ; @entity2 : 107.9 kJ, P = 0.61) and @entity0 -PCr energy contributions (CAF: 45.3    3.4 kJ; @entity2 : 46.8    3.6 kJ, P = 0.72) during the combat simulation were unaffected. Furthermore, T30 (CAF: 869.1    323.2 s; @entity2 : 735.5    232.2 s, P = 0.58), HRR60s (CAF: 34    8 bpm; @entity2 : 38    9 bpm, P = 0.44), HRR   (CAF: 182.9    40.5 s, @entity2 : 160.3    62.2 s, P = 0.23) and HRRamp (CAF: 70.2    17.4 bpm; @entity2 : 79.2    17.4 bpm, P = 0.16) were not affected by @entity3 ingestion. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 ingestion increased the estimated glycolytic contribution during taekwondo combat simulation, but this did not result in any changes in performance, perceived exertion or parasympathetic reactivation.

title: XXXX Ingestion Increases Estimated Glycolytic Metabolism during Taekwondo Combat Simulation but Does Not Improve Performance or Parasympathetic Reactivation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Measurements of the colligative properties of @entity4 and their derivatives have shown that bases form transient aggregates in solution [Ts'o (1967) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89, 3612-3622]. Aggregation of @entity3 cannot be measured by osmometry due to the presence of counterions. Sedimentation measurements are difficult to obtain and have been complicated by differences in pH [Ferguson et al. (1974) Biophys. Chem. 1, 325-337]. Raman studies of oligonucleotides have shown that the intensities due to base vibrational modes depend on the extent of base stacking, but this dependence has not been quantitated. We have measured this dependence by relating changes in the Raman spectra of @entity3 and @entity4 with previous measurements of colligative properties. Visible Raman spectra of @entity0 , @entity2 , and @entity1 , taken over a range of concentrations from 1 to 1000 mM, show that the peak intensity ratio (I1305 + I1380)/I1340 varies linearly with the log of the concentration for all three bases. This concentration-dependent change correlates with published molal osmotic coefficient data for functionally similar bases with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. In contrast, UV resonance Raman spectra of the same bases show changes that vary linearly with concentration.

title: Raman spectroscopic measurement of base stacking in solutions of @entity1 , XXXX , @entity0 , and oligoadenylates.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Measurements of the colligative properties of @entity4 and their derivatives have shown that bases form transient aggregates in solution [Ts'o (1967) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89, 3612-3622]. Aggregation of @entity3 cannot be measured by osmometry due to the presence of counterions. Sedimentation measurements are difficult to obtain and have been complicated by differences in pH [Ferguson et al. (1974) Biophys. Chem. 1, 325-337]. Raman studies of oligonucleotides have shown that the intensities due to base vibrational modes depend on the extent of base stacking, but this dependence has not been quantitated. We have measured this dependence by relating changes in the Raman spectra of @entity3 and @entity4 with previous measurements of colligative properties. Visible Raman spectra of @entity0 , @entity2 , and @entity1 , taken over a range of concentrations from 1 to 1000 mM, show that the peak intensity ratio (I1305 + I1380)/I1340 varies linearly with the log of the concentration for all three bases. This concentration-dependent change correlates with published molal osmotic coefficient data for functionally similar bases with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. In contrast, UV resonance Raman spectra of the same bases show changes that vary linearly with concentration.

title: Raman spectroscopic measurement of base stacking in solutions of @entity1 , @entity2 , XXXX , and oligoadenylates.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Measurements of the colligative properties of @entity4 and their derivatives have shown that bases form transient aggregates in solution [Ts'o (1967) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 89, 3612-3622]. Aggregation of @entity3 cannot be measured by osmometry due to the presence of counterions. Sedimentation measurements are difficult to obtain and have been complicated by differences in pH [Ferguson et al. (1974) Biophys. Chem. 1, 325-337]. Raman studies of oligonucleotides have shown that the intensities due to base vibrational modes depend on the extent of base stacking, but this dependence has not been quantitated. We have measured this dependence by relating changes in the Raman spectra of @entity3 and @entity4 with previous measurements of colligative properties. Visible Raman spectra of @entity0 , @entity2 , and @entity1 , taken over a range of concentrations from 1 to 1000 mM, show that the peak intensity ratio (I1305 + I1380)/I1340 varies linearly with the log of the concentration for all three bases. This concentration-dependent change correlates with published molal osmotic coefficient data for functionally similar bases with a correlation coefficient of 0.99. In contrast, UV resonance Raman spectra of the same bases show changes that vary linearly with concentration.

title: Raman spectroscopic measurement of base stacking in solutions of XXXX , @entity2 , @entity0 , and oligoadenylates.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Paris classification (PC) of paediatric @entity1 (PIBD) categorises disease extent and therefore impacts on treatment decisions Histological (microscopic) disease extent is not incorporated and endoscopic (macroscopic) findings may underrepresent disease extent when compared to histological findings; this study compares disease extent at presentation. METHODS: Data were obtained of @entity0 below 17 years of age diagnosed with IBD from 2010-13 at University Hospital Southampton. Data are presented as percentage of @entity0 undergoing endoscopy. PC was performed alongside a modified PC by histological disease location. RESULTS: 172 @entity0 were identified (median age at diagnosis 13.5, 115 male); @entity2 ( @entity2 )- 107, @entity3 ( @entity3 )- 50, @entity1 Unclassified (IBDU)- 15; 159 had undergone upper GI endoscopy, 163 had undergone lower GI endoscopy. @entity4 was more extensive at all points for @entity2 , @entity3 and IBDU. @entity2 ; @entity5 in 49% of @entity0 compared to histological disease in 71.3%. Comparing PC; a 10% increase in L3 disease (ileocolonic), a 24% increase in L3+L4a disease (ileocolonic plus upper gastrointestinal (GI)) and a 27% increase in all upper GI involvement if histological disease extent was used. @entity3 ; the most common disease location was the rectum (endoscopic- 91.5% vs histological- 93.6%) and descending colon (endoscopic- 89.4% vs histological-95.7%). Comparing PC; a 19% increase in @entity4 (pancolitis) if histological disease extent was used. CONCLUSION: This data confirms that histological disease extent is greater than endoscopic disease extent. This should be considered when the PC is used. Further study is needed to elucidate which classification would better predict disease outcome.

title: Endoscopic Versus XXXX extent at Presentation of Paediatric @entity1 .

answer: @entity4