abstract: A prospective randomized controlled trial of 202 @entity0 was set up to examine the efficiency and safety of 40 mg of intravaginal @entity3 (PGF2 alpha) in a tylose gel to stimulate labour after artificial or spontaneous membrane rupture. The control group received a standard intravenous @entity1 regimen. The PGF2 alpha treated group had a significantly shorter length of labour (6.2 +/- 3.6 hours) compared to the @entity1 group (7.5 +/- 4.3 hours) (p less than 0.05). The analgesic requirements were significantly reduced in the PGF2 alpha treated @entity0 . In PGF2 alpha treated @entity0 46 of 105 required no @entity2 whereas 17 of 97 @entity1 treated @entity0 required no @entity2 (p less than 0.001). There were similar reductions for epidural (p less than 0.005) and @entity5 requirements (p less than 0.005). No differences were found between groups with regards mode of delivery. There were no adverse maternal side-effects associated with PGF2 alpha usage. A significant reduction (p less than 0.05) in the incidence of @entity4 requiring phototherapy occurred in the PGF2 alpha group. @entity3 appears to be a safe, efficient and better alternative to intravenous @entity1 to stimulate labour in the presence of ruptured membranes, allowing ambulation, a reduction in length of labour and less need for @entity2 and intravenous therapy.

title: A comparison of intravaginal PGF2 alpha and intravenous XXXX to stimulate labour after membrane rupture.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: A comprehensive understanding of the immune response induced by @entity3 Bacille Calmette-Gu  rin in activation of protective T cells against @entity1 is important to develop effective therapies to combat this disease. In this study, our experiments were designed to determine effects of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta on @entity4 -induced T-cell activation and survival. METHODS: Fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis was used for detection of apo-ptotic cells by three different methods: 1). scattered light change during early phase of apoptosis; 2). detection of hypodiploid DNA, or 3). terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase @entity2 nick end-labeling (TUNEL) technique. Quantification of positively stained population was based on samples stained with isotype control antibodies analyzed on a FACScan. RESULTS: @entity5 added at initiation of culture did not alter percentage of viable cells. By contrast, @entity5 added 72 h post-activation decreased percentage of viable cells. This effect was statistically significant (p <0.05). Furthermore, addition of anti- @entity5 MoAb together with @entity5 abolished the ability of this cytokine to decrease survival in post-activated @entity0 T cells. Role of @entity5 on post-activated @entity0 T cells was further confirmed by staining apoptotic nuclei with @entity6 , which detects late events of apoptosis, and by DNA fragmentation determined using TUNEL assay. Interestingly, @entity5 did not promote Fas-mediated killing. Finally, @entity5 increased apoptosis of CD4(+) T cells after mycobacterial stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated an important role for @entity5 in suppression of protective immune response against @entity4 by promoting elimination of post-activated T cells. Furthermore, results showed that @entity5 had no direct effect on @entity4 -induced up-regulation of Fas (CD95).

title: Transforming growth factor-beta decreases survival of XXXX -activated T cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Spermatogonia represent a new route to transgenesis in @entity1 and potentially in some commercially important domesticated animals. In addition, these cells are also a potential target for viral integration in @entity0 receiving somatic cell gene therapy. But the factors influencing retroviral transduction into spermatogonia are not well understood. Because retroviral transduction is affected in part by the proliferative status of the host cell, we developed an improved cell culture system in which spermatogonia survive and proliferate for several days. We used this system to test the ability of a variety of @entity1 and avian retroviruses to infect spermatogonia. We investigated the factors influencing retroviral transduction of spermatogonia, including the proliferative status of the infected cell, the type of viral envelope, the type of retroviral long terminal repeat, and the method of viral delivery. Here we show that many of the widely used retroviral vector systems can be used to successfully transduce spermatogonia at high efficiency. Moreover, we show that retroviral delivery of @entity3 , the major downregulator of @entity2 , promotes spermatogonial survival in culture, suggesting that @entity2 plays a role in regulating spermatogonial apoptosis induced by growth factor deprivation. These results further demonstrate the usefulness of this novel system of targeting substances of interest to the testis. These data have important implications for improving animal transgenesis and for understanding the risks associated with somatic cell gene therapy.

title: Determinants of retroviral-mediated gene delivery to XXXX spermatogonia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of intestinal disposition in the first-pass metabolism of @entity3 . A four-site perfused @entity0 intestinal model, @entity0 liver and intestinal microsomes, Caco-2 cell microsomes, and the Caco-2 cell culture model were used. In the four-site model, approximately 28% of perfused aglycones are absorbed (approximately 450 nmol/30 min). Both absorption and subsequent excretion of metabolites were rapid and site-dependent (p < 0.05). Maximal amounts of intestinal conjugates excreted per 30 min were 61 and 150 nmol for @entity2 and @entity5 , respectively. Maximal amounts of biliary conjugates excreted per 30 min were 50 and 30 nmol for @entity2 and @entity5 , respectively. Microsomes, prepared from Caco-2 cells, @entity0 intestine, and @entity0 liver, always glucuronidated @entity5 faster than @entity2 (p < 0.05). In addition, @entity0 jejunal microsomes glucuronidated both @entity3 faster (p < 0.05) than @entity0 intestinal microsomes prepared from other regions. When comparing glucuronidation in different organs, jejunal microsomes often but not always glucuronidated both @entity3 faster than liver microsomes. In the Caco-2 model, both @entity3 were rapidly absorbed and rapidly conjugated, and the conjugates were excreted apically and basolaterally. Similar to the four-site perfusion model, @entity5 conjugates were excreted much faster than @entity2 conjugates (>2.5 times for @entity4 , >4.5 times for @entity1 ; p < 0.05). In conclusion, intestinal disposition may be more important than hepatic disposition in the first-pass metabolism of @entity3 such as @entity5 . In conjunction with enterohepatic recycling, enteric recycling may be used to explain why @entity3 have poor systemic bioavailabilities.

title: Metabolism of XXXX via enteric recycling: role of intestinal disposition.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The technique of 31P saturation-transfer n.m.r. was used to determine the forward and the reverse rate constants of @entity4 phosphotransferase in superfused @entity2 cerebral tissues in vitro. The calculated forward rate constant of 0.22 +/- 0.03s-1 compared well with a previously reported value for @entity0 brain in vivo [Shoubridge, Briggs _ Radda (1982) FEBS Lett. 140, 288-292]. The reverse rate constant was found to be 0.55 +/- 0.10s-1. 3. By using concentrations of @entity3 and @entity5 estimated previously for this superfused preparation [Cox, Morris, Feeney _ Bachelard (1983) Biochem. J. 212, 365-370], forward and reverse flux rates were calculated to be 0.68 and 0.72 mumol X s-1 X g-1 respectively. The concordance of forward and reverse fluxes contrasts with the situation observed in vitro in other tissues, and suggests that the @entity4 phosphotransferase reaction is at equilibrium under the conditions used here. 4. Lowering the concentration of @entity1 in the superfusing medium from 10mM to 0.5mM had no significant effect on @entity5 concentration or on the forward ( @entity3 -generating) flux through @entity4 phosphotransferase. The results indicate that a normal @entity5 content in the presence of lowered @entity1 availability is reflected by an unchanged turnover rate.

title: 31P-saturation-transfer nuclear-magnetic-resonance measurements of XXXX turnover in @entity2 brain slices.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The technique of 31P saturation-transfer n.m.r. was used to determine the forward and the reverse rate constants of @entity4 phosphotransferase in superfused @entity2 cerebral tissues in vitro. The calculated forward rate constant of 0.22 +/- 0.03s-1 compared well with a previously reported value for @entity0 brain in vivo [Shoubridge, Briggs _ Radda (1982) FEBS Lett. 140, 288-292]. The reverse rate constant was found to be 0.55 +/- 0.10s-1. 3. By using concentrations of @entity3 and @entity5 estimated previously for this superfused preparation [Cox, Morris, Feeney _ Bachelard (1983) Biochem. J. 212, 365-370], forward and reverse flux rates were calculated to be 0.68 and 0.72 mumol X s-1 X g-1 respectively. The concordance of forward and reverse fluxes contrasts with the situation observed in vitro in other tissues, and suggests that the @entity4 phosphotransferase reaction is at equilibrium under the conditions used here. 4. Lowering the concentration of @entity1 in the superfusing medium from 10mM to 0.5mM had no significant effect on @entity5 concentration or on the forward ( @entity3 -generating) flux through @entity4 phosphotransferase. The results indicate that a normal @entity5 content in the presence of lowered @entity1 availability is reflected by an unchanged turnover rate.

title: 31P-saturation-transfer nuclear-magnetic-resonance measurements of @entity5 turnover in XXXX brain slices.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to find out how genetic and biochemical limitations influence psycho-social performance and to partially test the validity of justification theory. The ability to convert @entity3 to @entity1 was compared with intellectual and personality characteristics in @entity2 family members. Each of the tested @entity0 was given an oral dose of @entity3 , the Shipley-Hartford Intelligence Test, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Only those @entity0 with reading ability at the sixth grade level or higher were tested. Eighty-six @entity0 were tested: fifteen @entity5 , forty-three siblings, and twenty-eight parents. A comparison was made among parents, @entity5 , and the siblings. Siblings with the higher 2/3's of P2/T ratios were contrasted with those with the lowest 1/3 of ratios on measures of intelligence and psychopathology. Statistical analyses of the data reflected a trend in support of the justification theory. @entity5 had significantly lower intelligence than their sibs and parents. The @entity5 ' mean IQ was 95 (homozygotes born of heterozygotes), followed by the upper 2/3's sibling mean IQ of 105 (heterozygotes born of nonheterozygote mothers). The lower 1/3 siblings' mean IQ was 107 (nonheterozygotes born from heterozygote mothers), and finally, the parents' mean IQ was 109 (heterozygotes, among them 50% were born from nonheterozygote mothers). The latter three mean IQs are not significantly different from each other. The personality tests revealed a trend toward more abnormality in @entity5 than in their heterozygote siblings. The lowest rate of abnormality occurred in the nonheterozygote sibling group; that rate was significantly lower than in all other groups. The parents had the highest absolute rate of @entity4 , but statistically so compared to the low-ratio siblings.

title: Relationship between XXXX tolerance and psychological characteristics of @entity2 families.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The purpose of this study was to find out how genetic and biochemical limitations influence psycho-social performance and to partially test the validity of justification theory. The ability to convert @entity3 to @entity1 was compared with intellectual and personality characteristics in @entity2 family members. Each of the tested @entity0 was given an oral dose of @entity3 , the Shipley-Hartford Intelligence Test, and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Only those @entity0 with reading ability at the sixth grade level or higher were tested. Eighty-six @entity0 were tested: fifteen @entity5 , forty-three siblings, and twenty-eight parents. A comparison was made among parents, @entity5 , and the siblings. Siblings with the higher 2/3's of P2/T ratios were contrasted with those with the lowest 1/3 of ratios on measures of intelligence and psychopathology. Statistical analyses of the data reflected a trend in support of the justification theory. @entity5 had significantly lower intelligence than their sibs and parents. The @entity5 ' mean IQ was 95 (homozygotes born of heterozygotes), followed by the upper 2/3's sibling mean IQ of 105 (heterozygotes born of nonheterozygote mothers). The lower 1/3 siblings' mean IQ was 107 (nonheterozygotes born from heterozygote mothers), and finally, the parents' mean IQ was 109 (heterozygotes, among them 50% were born from nonheterozygote mothers). The latter three mean IQs are not significantly different from each other. The personality tests revealed a trend toward more abnormality in @entity5 than in their heterozygote siblings. The lowest rate of abnormality occurred in the nonheterozygote sibling group; that rate was significantly lower than in all other groups. The parents had the highest absolute rate of @entity4 , but statistically so compared to the low-ratio siblings.

title: Relationship between @entity3 tolerance and psychological characteristics of XXXX families.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of @entity5 and @entity2 following upper extremity placement of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) and venous ports. One hundred fifty-four @entity0 who underwent venography of the ipsilateral central veins prior to initial and subsequent venous access device insertion were retrospectively identified. All follow-up venograms were interpreted at the time of catheter placement by one interventional radiologist over a 5-year period and compared to the findings on initial venography. For @entity0 with @entity1 , hospital and home infusion service records and radiology reports were reviewed to determine catheter dwell time and potential alternative etiologies of @entity5 or @entity2 . The effect of catheter caliber and dwell time on development of @entity1 was evaluated. Venography performed prior to initial catheter placement showed that 150 @entity0 had normal central veins. Three @entity0 had @entity5 , and one had central @entity6 . Subsequent venograms (n = 154) at the time of additional venous access device placement demonstrated 8 @entity0 with occlusions and 10 with stenoses. Three of the 18 @entity0 with abnormal follow-up venograms were found to have potential alternative causes of @entity1 . Excluding these 3 @entity0 and the 4 @entity0 with abnormal initial venograms, a 7% incidence of @entity5 or @entity2 was found in @entity0 with prior indwelling catheters and normal initial venograms. Catheter caliber showed no effect on the subsequent development of @entity1 . @entity0 who developed new or worsened @entity5 or @entity2 had significantly (p = 0.03) longer catheter dwell times than @entity0 without @entity1 . New @entity5 or @entity2 occurred in 7% of @entity0 following upper arm placement of venous access devices. @entity0 with longer catheter dwell time were more likely to develop @entity1 . In order to preserve vascular access for dialysis fistulae and grafts and adhere to Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines, alternative venous access sites should be considered for @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity3 .

title: Incidence of XXXX and @entity2 following upper extremity PICC and port placement.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of @entity5 and @entity2 following upper extremity placement of peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) and venous ports. One hundred fifty-four @entity0 who underwent venography of the ipsilateral central veins prior to initial and subsequent venous access device insertion were retrospectively identified. All follow-up venograms were interpreted at the time of catheter placement by one interventional radiologist over a 5-year period and compared to the findings on initial venography. For @entity0 with @entity1 , hospital and home infusion service records and radiology reports were reviewed to determine catheter dwell time and potential alternative etiologies of @entity5 or @entity2 . The effect of catheter caliber and dwell time on development of @entity1 was evaluated. Venography performed prior to initial catheter placement showed that 150 @entity0 had normal central veins. Three @entity0 had @entity5 , and one had central @entity6 . Subsequent venograms (n = 154) at the time of additional venous access device placement demonstrated 8 @entity0 with occlusions and 10 with stenoses. Three of the 18 @entity0 with abnormal follow-up venograms were found to have potential alternative causes of @entity1 . Excluding these 3 @entity0 and the 4 @entity0 with abnormal initial venograms, a 7% incidence of @entity5 or @entity2 was found in @entity0 with prior indwelling catheters and normal initial venograms. Catheter caliber showed no effect on the subsequent development of @entity1 . @entity0 who developed new or worsened @entity5 or @entity2 had significantly (p = 0.03) longer catheter dwell times than @entity0 without @entity1 . New @entity5 or @entity2 occurred in 7% of @entity0 following upper arm placement of venous access devices. @entity0 with longer catheter dwell time were more likely to develop @entity1 . In order to preserve vascular access for dialysis fistulae and grafts and adhere to Dialysis Outcomes Quality Initiative guidelines, alternative venous access sites should be considered for @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity3 .

title: Incidence of @entity5 and XXXX following upper extremity PICC and port placement.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The immunosuppressant @entity1 used in organ transplantation is formulated as a conventional tablet for adults and a dispersible tablet that can be administered in water for pediatric use. As part of the pediatric clinical development program, the relative bioavailability and food effect for the dispersible tablet were evaluated in healthy adult subjects as a prelude to characterizing the steady-state pharmacokinetics in pediatric kidney allograft recipients. In a randomized, open-label, three-way crossover study, 24 healthy adults received single 1.5-mg oral doses of @entity1 as (1) six 0.25-mg dispersible tablets in water, (2) two 0.75-mg conventional tablets, and (3) six 0.25-mg dispersible tablets in water after a high-fat breakfast. Cmax and AUC were evaluated by standard bioequivalence testing to determine relative bioavailability and to quantify the effect of food. In a multicenter open-label efficacy/safety trial, pediatric renal allograft recipients received 0.8 mg/m2 (maximum 1.5 mg) bid @entity1 as dispersible tablets in water. Serial trough concentrations over the first week and a steady-state pharmacokinetic profile on day 7 posttransplant were collected in 19 @entity0 ranging from ages 2 to 16 years old. The bioavailability of @entity1 from the dispersible tablet was 10% lower relative to the conventional tablet, with a ratio (90% confidence interval) of 0.90 (0.76-1.07). After a high-fat meal, tmax was delayed by a median 2.5 hours, and Cmax was reduced by 50%. Overall absorption, however, was not affected by food inasmuch as the fed/fasting AUC ratio was 0.99 (0.83-1.17). In pediatric @entity0 , steady state was reached between days 3 and 5. The corresponding steady-state parameters were as follows: Cmin, 4.4 +/- 1.7 ng/ml; Cmax, 13.6 +/- 4.2 ng/ml; and AUC, 87 +/- 27 ng.h/ml. Steady-state concentration-time profiles in pediatric transplant @entity0 receiving the dispersible tablet were comparable to those of adult @entity0 receiving the conventional tablet when both were dosed to yield similar trough concentrations. If a pediatric @entity0 is converted from the @entity1 dispersible tablet to the conventional tablet, this should be based on a 1:1 milligram switch with subsequent therapeutic drug monitoring to further individualize the dose as needed. The dispersible tablet formulation should be taken consistently either with or without food to minimize fluctuations in exposure over time.

title: Clinical development of an XXXX pediatric formulation: relative bioavailability, food effect, and steady-state pharmacokinetics.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine epidemiology and mortality statistics for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in Hong Kong. Data from three sources were obtained and analyzed: (1) Hong Kong Hospital Authority discharge statistics for 1999 and 2000; (2) a survey on @entity3 in public hospitals conducted by the Working Group of Vascular Surgery; and (3) the Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Center aortic @entity2 database. The disease pattern, distribution, and operative mortality were determined. The annual incidence of @entity6 in Hong Kong is 13.7 per 100,000 population and 105 per 100,000 for those aged 65 and above. About 10% of the @entity4 that presented were ruptured. The mean age of the @entity6 @entity0 was 74 years, with 84% of them over age 65. The operative repair rate for @entity4 was low, being only 8% for intact @entity2 and 54% for ruptured ones. Overall, 45% of all @entity2 repairs were performed for a @entity1 . There is diverse practice between major vascular centers and smaller regional hospitals. The territory-wide operative mortality rates for intact and @entity5 were 10% (range 4-24%) and 70% (range 38--100%), respectively. There was no gender bias in the @entity1 and operative rates. The overall mortality was 17% for intact @entity4 and 78% for ruptured @entity4 . The average length of hospital stay was 19 days for elective @entity6 surgery and 13 days for ruptured @entity4 . The number of operations in high-volume centers is increasing with a concomitant decrease in operative mortality. There are no definitive data to indicate that the incidence of @entity4 is rising, but a trend toward an increasing number of operations in referral centers is noted. The low repair rates for intact @entity4 and the high proportion of repairs for @entity5 suggest that @entity4 are undertreated in Hong Kong.

title: Epidemiology and outcome of XXXX in Hong Kong.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Two experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that @entity1 (P4) acts to induce a preovulatory rise of luteinizing hormone (LH) by initiating a true positive feedback interaction between P4 and LH. In each experiment, ten hens were stereotaxically implanted with a third ventricle cannula. @entity4 ( @entity3 ), an inhibitor of steroidogenesis, was administered (200 mg iv) to hens at 10 and 6 hr (Experiment 1) and 10 and 7 hr (Experiment 2) before an expected C1 ovulation. A 20-micrograms injection of P4 (n = 5) or the vehicle (n = 5) was made intraventricularly at 6 hr (Experiment 1) or 7 hr (Experiment 2) before the expected ovulation. Blood samples were taken via @entity2 at regular intervals after the injection. In Experiment 1, four of five P4-treated hens ovulated, and no atretic follicles were found in any of the five P4-treated hens, including the one which did not ovulate. Ovulations were always accompanied by preovulatory LH peaks. By comparison, none of the vehicle-injected animals ovulated and in four of five hens the largest follicle was determined to be atretic. No ovulations occurred in Experiment 2 for either the P4- or vehicle-injected hens. @entity0 of the largest follicle occurred in all five hens in the P4-treated group and four of five hens of the vehicle-treated group. The difference in results between Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 can be explained assuming that the steroidogenesis-inhibiting action of the initial AGP injection in Experiment 1 (at 10 hr before ovulation) had diminished prior to the second AGP treatment (at 6 h before ovulation).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Evidence for a positive feedback interaction between XXXX and luteinizing hormone in the induction of ovulation in the hen, Gallus domesticus.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Stool specimens from a sample of schoolchildren at six schools in Kweneng District were examined for @entity4 , using the brine flotation method. @entity5 was the only hookworm identified. The western part of the District forms part of the Kalahari Desert, and in four villages here 90%, 88%, 88% and 86% of the @entity0 were infected. In two villages in the eastern non-desert part, only 13% and 9% were infected. @entity1 were light. There was no significant correlation between severity of @entity1 and @entity2 . In one school (228 pupils; 86% infected with hookworm), half the @entity0 were treated with @entity3 (0.1 ml/kg, maximum 5 ml) and the other half with placebo. Two weeks after treatment the prevalence of @entity1 were 28% and 75% respectively (p less than 0.001), and five months after treatment 51% and 69% (p less than 0.05). Measured over the five-month period there were no significant changes in haemoglobin and nutritional status (weight/height). Based on the results of the survey, a hookworm mass treatment programme was not recommended.

title: XXXX in Kweneng District, Botswana, A prevalence survey and a controlled treatment trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: High basal plasma levels of inflammatory molecules are associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular events. It has been suggested that also the dynamic response to an inflammatory trigger is important in determining cardiovascular risk. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of vaccination against @entity3 as an in vivo model to study the interindividual variation in the response to inflammatory triggers. METHODS: Ten healthy volunteers were vaccinated with 17D @entity3 vaccine. Blood samples were drawn each day, until Day 8 after vaccination. Automated blood cell counting was performed, and the plasma concentrations of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and @entity2 were determined. RESULTS: In most individuals, @entity1 levels peaked slightly (45% increase from basal values) around Day 7 after vaccination, preceded by an @entity0 (30%) peak around Day 5. @entity2 levels showed a significant increase (10%) from Day 2 after vaccination, with a further rise (17%) around Day 5. The monocyte fraction showed a significant 2-fold increase on Day 7 after vaccination. The lymphocyte fraction increased slightly towards Day 7 (not significant). CONCLUSION: Our findings show that @entity3 can be used as a model to study the response to mild stimulation of the inflammatory system.

title: XXXX as a model to study the response to stimulation of the inflammation system.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The distribution of the ratios of plasma high-density lipoprotein @entity1 (HDL-C) to total @entity1 (TC) and of HDL-C to low-density lipoprotein @entity1 (LDL-C) are presented for 6900 white and 495 black examinees greater than 4 years old. Measurements were obtained during the visit 2 survey of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) Program Prevalence Study, and correspond to a 15% random sample of 60,502 @entity0 screened during the LRC visit 1 survey. Age-specific means, medians, and selected percentiles are given by sex and by gonadal hormone use in white @entity0 . Apparent in these cross-sectional data was a consistent age-related decline in the ratio of HDL-C to TC for white male @entity0 , from a mean of 0.360 in the age group 5 to 9 to a mean of 0.211 in the age group 50 to 54. Thereafter the mean ratio increased slightly. In white @entity0 not using gonadal hormones the age-related decline in the ratio was only evident starting at the age group 35 to 39, from which it declines from 0.329 to 0.258 in the age group 55 to 59. White @entity0 using gonadal hormones showed very minor age-related changes in the HDL-C/TC ratio, varying around a mean of 0.300. The number of blacks examined was low and thus the racial comparisons must be interpreted with caution. For each gender, age-related trends were similar in black and white study @entity0 . Black @entity0 , however, had a higher percentage of TC carried as HDL-C than white @entity0 in all age groups examined. Black @entity0 had a higher percentage of TC in HDL-C than white @entity0 only below age 20; in the adult age range no appreciable differences were seen. Pearson correlation coefficients between the lipid, lipoprotein, and lipoprotein ratios are presented. The ratio HDL-C/TC correlated highly with the ratio HDL-C/LDL-C (greater than 0.92 for all groups) and the former may be a more conveniently determined surrogate for the latter. Although not exhaustive regarding the information it conveys about a lipid pattern, the ratio HDL-C/TC has the advantage of summarizing complex associations into a single numerical approximation.

title: The ratio of plasma high-density lipoprotein XXXX to total and low-density lipoprotein @entity1 : age-related changes and race and sex differences in selected North American populations. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The distribution of the ratios of plasma high-density lipoprotein @entity1 (HDL-C) to total @entity1 (TC) and of HDL-C to low-density lipoprotein @entity1 (LDL-C) are presented for 6900 white and 495 black examinees greater than 4 years old. Measurements were obtained during the visit 2 survey of the Lipid Research Clinics (LRC) Program Prevalence Study, and correspond to a 15% random sample of 60,502 @entity0 screened during the LRC visit 1 survey. Age-specific means, medians, and selected percentiles are given by sex and by gonadal hormone use in white @entity0 . Apparent in these cross-sectional data was a consistent age-related decline in the ratio of HDL-C to TC for white male @entity0 , from a mean of 0.360 in the age group 5 to 9 to a mean of 0.211 in the age group 50 to 54. Thereafter the mean ratio increased slightly. In white @entity0 not using gonadal hormones the age-related decline in the ratio was only evident starting at the age group 35 to 39, from which it declines from 0.329 to 0.258 in the age group 55 to 59. White @entity0 using gonadal hormones showed very minor age-related changes in the HDL-C/TC ratio, varying around a mean of 0.300. The number of blacks examined was low and thus the racial comparisons must be interpreted with caution. For each gender, age-related trends were similar in black and white study @entity0 . Black @entity0 , however, had a higher percentage of TC carried as HDL-C than white @entity0 in all age groups examined. Black @entity0 had a higher percentage of TC in HDL-C than white @entity0 only below age 20; in the adult age range no appreciable differences were seen. Pearson correlation coefficients between the lipid, lipoprotein, and lipoprotein ratios are presented. The ratio HDL-C/TC correlated highly with the ratio HDL-C/LDL-C (greater than 0.92 for all groups) and the former may be a more conveniently determined surrogate for the latter. Although not exhaustive regarding the information it conveys about a lipid pattern, the ratio HDL-C/TC has the advantage of summarizing complex associations into a single numerical approximation.

title: The ratio of plasma high-density lipoprotein @entity1 to total and low-density lipoprotein XXXX : age-related changes and race and sex differences in selected North American populations. The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Horseradish peroxidase was applied to lesions in the optic nerve of catfish ( @entity1 ). The retinae were processed to reveal HRP-labelled ganglion cells. The histochemical techniques employed allowed fine details of the dendritic arbor to be resolved. Flat-mounted retinae were examined and the following characteristics were noted in individual ganglion cells: Soma area, shape, and depth; number and diameter of major dendrites; shape, area, and depth(s) within the inner plexiform layer (ipl) of the dendritic arbor; origin of the axon (from the soma or a dendrite). On the basis of these characteristics, eleven classes of ganglion cells were delineated: four classes of giant cells (G1-G4) and seven classes of smaller cells (S1-S7). G1 cells had dendrites arborizing in the most distal sublamina of the ipl. G1 cells in the dorsal retina had nasotemporally elongated @entity0 . G2 cells had dendrites in the proximal portion of the ipl. G3 cells were almost completely confined to a band running between the nasal and temporal retinal poles, through the center of the retina. In this location, the cells had dorsoventrally elongated @entity0 , which were bistratified in the ipl. G4 cells were displaced into the inner nuclear layer. S1 and S4 cells had axons arising from their somata, and dendrites arborizing in the distal and the proximal ipl, respectively. S2 cells were typified by their unstratified @entity0 . Similarly, S3 cells were characterised by their bistratified arbors. S5 cells arborized in the most proximal ipl sublamina. S6 cells were small ganglion cells with their somata lying in the inner nuclear layer. S7 cells tended to have complex @entity0 , and their axons arose from dendrites.

title: The visual system of the XXXX ( @entity1 ). I. Retinal ganglion cell morphology.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Horseradish peroxidase was applied to lesions in the optic nerve of catfish ( @entity1 ). The retinae were processed to reveal HRP-labelled ganglion cells. The histochemical techniques employed allowed fine details of the dendritic arbor to be resolved. Flat-mounted retinae were examined and the following characteristics were noted in individual ganglion cells: Soma area, shape, and depth; number and diameter of major dendrites; shape, area, and depth(s) within the inner plexiform layer (ipl) of the dendritic arbor; origin of the axon (from the soma or a dendrite). On the basis of these characteristics, eleven classes of ganglion cells were delineated: four classes of giant cells (G1-G4) and seven classes of smaller cells (S1-S7). G1 cells had dendrites arborizing in the most distal sublamina of the ipl. G1 cells in the dorsal retina had nasotemporally elongated @entity0 . G2 cells had dendrites in the proximal portion of the ipl. G3 cells were almost completely confined to a band running between the nasal and temporal retinal poles, through the center of the retina. In this location, the cells had dorsoventrally elongated @entity0 , which were bistratified in the ipl. G4 cells were displaced into the inner nuclear layer. S1 and S4 cells had axons arising from their somata, and dendrites arborizing in the distal and the proximal ipl, respectively. S2 cells were typified by their unstratified @entity0 . Similarly, S3 cells were characterised by their bistratified arbors. S5 cells arborized in the most proximal ipl sublamina. S6 cells were small ganglion cells with their somata lying in the inner nuclear layer. S7 cells tended to have complex @entity0 , and their axons arose from dendrites.

title: The visual system of the @entity1 ( XXXX ). I. Retinal ganglion cell morphology.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A controversy exists in the literature over the ability of wing mesenchyme of somatopleural origin to form skeletal muscle. Experimental approaches used in such studies leave open the possibility of postoperative accessibility of the experimental wings to somitic cell invasion. In the present study wing somatopleural tissue was isolated from @entity1 stage-12 to -21 @entity0 embryos and grown either in organ culture (OC) or on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of host chicks, conditions under which postoperative entry of somitic cells is impossible. In the presence of axial and somitic tissues of the brachial region, the wing territories from all four stages underwent comparable growth and tissue differentiation. However, isolated wing regions showed a stage-dependency in the differentiation of skeletal muscle but not of other limb tissues. The incidence and amount of skeletal muscle was markedly reduced in @entity1 stage-12 and -15 isolated wing regions while myogenesis in @entity1 stage-18 and -21 wing buds was not affected by the absence of the somitic tissues. These results are consistent with reported stages of somitic cell migration into wings with the exception of @entity1 stage-12 explants which should have been muscleless if somitic cells are the sole source of wing myofibres. The possibility that somitic cells had been included in these explants was investigated by testing the myogenic potential of lateral plate tissue adjacent to the wing, altering the dissection procedure for isolating wing territories and using antibodies to skeletal muscle @entity2 and actin to detect myotubes. The results from this series of experiments illustrate the need for extraordinary care in the isolation of wing regions when investigating limb-somite relationships and suggest that the myogenic capacity attributed to wing somatopleural cells in the past can be accounted for by either postoperative entry of somitic cells into experimental wings or inadvertent inclusion of somitic cells in the primordia when dissected. Overall, the results show that somitic cells are the sole source of wing myofibres for, in their absence, somatopleural cells from all mesodermally-derived wing cell types except skeletal myofibres.

title: Myogenic differentiation in early XXXX wing mesenchyme in the absence of the brachial somites.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The long-term reproducibility and significance of inducible @entity4 were assessed in 21 survivors of a @entity2 . Programmed ventricular stimulation performed a mean of 12 +/- 2 days (range 8 to 18) after @entity7 provoked @entity8 in 2 @entity0 , sustained monomorphic @entity6 in 8 and nonsustained @entity6 in 11. @entity0 were restudied using the same protocol a mean of 8 +/- 2 months (range 4 to 11) after @entity7 . All @entity0 underwent programmed ventricular stimulation studies in the absence of antiarrhythmic drug treatment. @entity6 could be reinitiated in 16 @entity0 (76%): @entity8 in 2, sustained @entity6 in 5 (monomorphic in 4) and nonsustained @entity6 in 9. A preponderance of inferior @entity7 was observed among @entity0 with reinducible @entity3 (9 of 16 @entity0 versus 0 of 5 with noninducible @entity3 ) (p less than 0.05). No significant difference existed between @entity0 with and without reinducible @entity4 with respect to severity of @entity1 , degree of @entity5 , occurrence of @entity8 in the acute phase of @entity7 and @entity4 detected by 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) monitoring. There was no significant difference between @entity0 with and without a positive late study in stimulation thresholds, ventricular refractory periods, time interval between initial and repeat testing and use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents. During a mean follow-up period of 17 months (range 10 to 23) one @entity0 with inducible sustained monomorphic @entity6 at both studies died suddenly. The remaining @entity0 have survived follow-up without experiencing an arrhythmic event.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term reproducibility and significance of provokable XXXX after @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The long-term reproducibility and significance of inducible @entity4 were assessed in 21 survivors of a @entity2 . Programmed ventricular stimulation performed a mean of 12 +/- 2 days (range 8 to 18) after @entity7 provoked @entity8 in 2 @entity0 , sustained monomorphic @entity6 in 8 and nonsustained @entity6 in 11. @entity0 were restudied using the same protocol a mean of 8 +/- 2 months (range 4 to 11) after @entity7 . All @entity0 underwent programmed ventricular stimulation studies in the absence of antiarrhythmic drug treatment. @entity6 could be reinitiated in 16 @entity0 (76%): @entity8 in 2, sustained @entity6 in 5 (monomorphic in 4) and nonsustained @entity6 in 9. A preponderance of inferior @entity7 was observed among @entity0 with reinducible @entity3 (9 of 16 @entity0 versus 0 of 5 with noninducible @entity3 ) (p less than 0.05). No significant difference existed between @entity0 with and without reinducible @entity4 with respect to severity of @entity1 , degree of @entity5 , occurrence of @entity8 in the acute phase of @entity7 and @entity4 detected by 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiographic (Holter) monitoring. There was no significant difference between @entity0 with and without a positive late study in stimulation thresholds, ventricular refractory periods, time interval between initial and repeat testing and use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents. During a mean follow-up period of 17 months (range 10 to 23) one @entity0 with inducible sustained monomorphic @entity6 at both studies died suddenly. The remaining @entity0 have survived follow-up without experiencing an arrhythmic event.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term reproducibility and significance of provokable @entity4 after XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma @entity6 (CA) response to standing and mental stresses were studied in 14 normotensive subjects with normotensive parents (PNT group), 14 normotensive subjects with @entity1 parent(s) ( @entity7 group), and eight borderline @entity1 @entity0 (BHT group). Mean basal plasma @entity3 (NE) concentration in BHT group (302 +/- 94 pg/ml) and PHT group (289 +/- 167 pg/ml) were significantly higher than in PNT group (205 +/- 76 pg/ml). Significant differences in the mean basal plasma @entity4 (E) were found only between the PNT and BHT groups (22 +/- 12 vs 43 +/- 18 pg/ml, p less than 0.01). Both plasma NE and E increased significantly on standing in all groups. With @entity2 , plasma E increased significantly, though plasma NE did not change significantly in all three groups. The mean changes in blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma CA in response to standing and mental stresses were not different in the three groups. However, a higher incidence (50%) of high blood pressure responders (greater than or equal to 20 mmHg in systolic blood pressure) to @entity2 was found in the PHT group compared with PNT (14%) and @entity5 (12%). The high responders in the PHT group had significantly higher mean plasma E concentrations throughout the experiment. Also, their increases in plasma NE and E in response to @entity2 were higher than those of the low responders. The results indicate that genetic predisposition to @entity1 plays a significant role in determining plasma @entity6 levels and the responsiveness to stress, especially to @entity2 .

title: The adreno-sympathetic system, the genetic predisposition to XXXX , and stress.

answer: @entity1


abstract: During orthodontic therapy, @entity0 frequently complain about @entity1 and discomfort, especially during insertion of fixed appliances. Skeletal anchorage using an interdental microimplant is a new concept in orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences and changes in the level of @entity1 among @entity0 in relation to orthodontic microimplant treatments. Forty microimplants were applied to the maxilla as skeletal anchors in the orthodontic treatment. The visual analog scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the @entity0 ' perception of @entity1 during this new modality treatment. The premolar extraction VAS core was used as a baseline for the complete orthodontic procedure. The mean VAS score was 35.8 mm at 24 h after premolar extraction. The mean VAS score for insertion and removal of the microimplant 24 h after the operation was 12.3 and 7.8 mm, respectively. Three months after removal of the skeletal anchors, the VAS score had decreased to 3.2 mm and was the same as with the traditional orthodontic treatment. By using the repeated-measure @entity2 ( @entity2 ), we found that the score 1 day after microimplant placement was significantly less than that 1 day after first premolar extraction or that 1 day after fixed appliance insertion. This result indicates that interdental microimplant did not generate any greater @entity1 than other orthodontic procedures. Therefore, @entity0 were willing to adopt the new orthodontic treatment.

title: The perception of XXXX following interdental microimplant treatment for skeletal anchorage: a retrospective study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Local excision of malignant @entity1 remains controversial due to the lack of prospective studies. The principal aim of this paper is to analyze survival and recurrence of @entity0 with @entity1 who were operated by transanal endoscopic microsurgery with curative intention. METHODS: In 1997, we started a prospective protocol for @entity0 who had T1/T2 @entity1 : transanal local full-thickness excision was considered curative in T1 low risk (group A); @entity0 with T1 high-risk and T2 low-risk @entity1 received postoperative radiotherapy (group B). From 1997 to 2006, 88 @entity0 were enrolled. Sixty eight entered the study after the preoperative workup and 20 @entity0 with an initial diagnosis of @entity2 after postoperative definitive pathological assessment. RESULTS: After definitive histological findings, 54 @entity0 were to group A, 28 to group B, and 6 had immediate radical surgery. One @entity0 was lost for follow-up. At a mean follow-up of 71 months, 7 (4 from group A and 3 from group B) out of 81 @entity0 recurred. Five-year overall survival was of 94% and @entity1 -specific survival of 96%. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support that transanal endoscopic microsurgery is an adequate treatment for T1 low-risk @entity1 , and no additional measures are required. For T2 low-risk lesions, our study showed a higher local recurrence rate than that reported after radical surgery but a similar survival outcome.

title: Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for XXXX . Long-term oncologic results.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The influences of @entity3 (T3) or @entity1 (DA) administration on growth, feed conversion, and visceral weights in broiler chicks between the ages of 6 and 12 d posthatch were investigated. In Trial 1, six chicks at age 6 d were randomly administered one of the following treatments: 0.37, 0.74, 1.48, and 2.96 micromol T3/kg BW or 0.07, 0.14, 0.28, and 0.56 micromol DA/kg BW. Both T3 and DA were administered via intraperitoneal injections between the end of sternum and the ends of os pubis, with 0.9% saline as the excepient. In addition, two groups of six birds each were either not injected or injected with excepient only, as controls. Four replications were carried out with a total of 264 chicks. Heart weight as a percentage of feed-deprived body weight (FDBW) of the chicks injected with 2.96 micromol T3/kg BW was heavier than that of controls. Other variables measured were not significantly different between treatments. In trial 2, six chicks at age 6 d were randomly administered, one of the following treatments: 0.56, 1.12, 2.24, and 4.48 micromol T3/kg diet or 0.40, 0.80, 1.60, and 3.20 micromol DA/kg diet as well as a nonsupplemented control. Four replications were carried out with 216 chicks. The results in Trial 2 showed that the effects of T3 (X, micromol/kg diet) on body @entity2 (Y1, g) and feed consumption (Y2, g) were linear (Y1 = 310 - 21.5X, R2 = 0.868, P < 0.001 and Y2 = 398 - 22.3X, R2 = 0.765, P < 0.001, respectively). The feed conversion ratio, the weight of liver, the weights of various intestinal segments, the lengths of the duodenum, jejunum and the ileum, as well as weight per centimeter jejunal length, gizzard weight as percentage of FDBW, and the duodenal length per kilogram FDBW all had linear responses (P < 0.05) to the level of dietary supplementation of T3. The effect of dietary supplementation of T3 on the heart weight was quadratic (Y16 = 2.58 + 0.89X - 0.17 X2, R2 = 0.526, P < 0.01). Similarly, the weights of @entity0 and gizzard, the heart weight as a percentage of FDBW and the @entity0 weight as a percentage of FDBW all had second-order curve responses. Dietary DA supplementation exerted no effect on the variables measured except that the regression of the heart weight as a percentage of FDBW on dietary DA supplementation (X1, micromol/kg diet) existed, namely, Z1 = 0.64 + 0.24 X1 - 0.23 X1(2) + 0.05 X1(3) (R2 = 0.868, P < 0.05).

title: Administration of @entity3 and XXXX to broiler chicks increases growth, feed conversion and visceral organ mass.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The influences of @entity3 (T3) or @entity1 (DA) administration on growth, feed conversion, and visceral weights in broiler chicks between the ages of 6 and 12 d posthatch were investigated. In Trial 1, six chicks at age 6 d were randomly administered one of the following treatments: 0.37, 0.74, 1.48, and 2.96 micromol T3/kg BW or 0.07, 0.14, 0.28, and 0.56 micromol DA/kg BW. Both T3 and DA were administered via intraperitoneal injections between the end of sternum and the ends of os pubis, with 0.9% saline as the excepient. In addition, two groups of six birds each were either not injected or injected with excepient only, as controls. Four replications were carried out with a total of 264 chicks. Heart weight as a percentage of feed-deprived body weight (FDBW) of the chicks injected with 2.96 micromol T3/kg BW was heavier than that of controls. Other variables measured were not significantly different between treatments. In trial 2, six chicks at age 6 d were randomly administered, one of the following treatments: 0.56, 1.12, 2.24, and 4.48 micromol T3/kg diet or 0.40, 0.80, 1.60, and 3.20 micromol DA/kg diet as well as a nonsupplemented control. Four replications were carried out with 216 chicks. The results in Trial 2 showed that the effects of T3 (X, micromol/kg diet) on body @entity2 (Y1, g) and feed consumption (Y2, g) were linear (Y1 = 310 - 21.5X, R2 = 0.868, P < 0.001 and Y2 = 398 - 22.3X, R2 = 0.765, P < 0.001, respectively). The feed conversion ratio, the weight of liver, the weights of various intestinal segments, the lengths of the duodenum, jejunum and the ileum, as well as weight per centimeter jejunal length, gizzard weight as percentage of FDBW, and the duodenal length per kilogram FDBW all had linear responses (P < 0.05) to the level of dietary supplementation of T3. The effect of dietary supplementation of T3 on the heart weight was quadratic (Y16 = 2.58 + 0.89X - 0.17 X2, R2 = 0.526, P < 0.01). Similarly, the weights of @entity0 and gizzard, the heart weight as a percentage of FDBW and the @entity0 weight as a percentage of FDBW all had second-order curve responses. Dietary DA supplementation exerted no effect on the variables measured except that the regression of the heart weight as a percentage of FDBW on dietary DA supplementation (X1, micromol/kg diet) existed, namely, Z1 = 0.64 + 0.24 X1 - 0.23 X1(2) + 0.05 X1(3) (R2 = 0.868, P < 0.05).

title: Administration of XXXX and @entity1 to broiler chicks increases growth, feed conversion and visceral organ mass.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of APPEAR performed using a laparoscopic-assisted approach. METHODS: A laparoscopic-assisted APPEAR was performed with end-to-end @entity3 on October 12, 2010 for a @entity0 with @entity1 who received neoadjuvant chemoradiation. After total mesorectal excision was completed laparoscopically, a crescent-shape incision was then made in the middle perineum. The distal part of the rectum was dissected with electrocautery. An double-stapling end-to-end @entity3 was performed after transaction of the rectum. RESULTS: Total operative time was 195 minutes. The perineal approach cost 30 minutes. The estimated @entity2 was 50 ml. First stoma output with flatus was on postoperative day 3, and the @entity0 resumed liquid diet. The @entity0 was discharged on postoperative day 7. There were no complications including @entity5 , or @entity4 . CONCLUSION: The APPEAR procedure can be performed safely with the abdominal approach completed laparoscopically.

title: [Laparoscopic-assisted anterior perineal plane for ultra-low anterior resection of the XXXX (APPEAR)].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The clinical data, echocardiographic findings, operative anatomy and postoperative follow-up were assessed in 14 @entity0 who had surgery for membranous @entity8 between 1978 and 1985. The @entity0 ranged in age from 6 weeks to 13 years at the time of operation, and 8 of the 14 had associated mitral @entity3 . Other associated lesions included @entity7 (n = 7), @entity6 (n = 5), left superior vena cava (n = 6), @entity4 (n = 3) and @entity1 (n = 1). Twelve of the 14 @entity0 had successful removal of the supravalvular membrane, which was usually adherent to the valve, and 2 @entity0 with associated mitral @entity3 underwent mitral valve replacement. There were no operative deaths. Review of preoperative two-dimensional echocardiograms, which were available in 11 @entity0 , revealed two types of membranous @entity8 in 10 @entity0 . In four of these @entity0 , the membrane was only evident after repeated stop action viewing from a single subcostal or parasternal location. The membrane was never seen in one @entity0 . Eleven @entity0 had follow-up in excess of 1 year, and there was one late death. Eight of the remaining 10 @entity0 are asymptomatic, and 7 have no clinical evidence of residual @entity2 . Failure to recognize membranous @entity8 can result in undue delay of cardiac surgery with resultant @entity5 . @entity0 with evidence of left ventricular inflow obstruction should have extensive echocardiographic evaluation in an effort to detect membranous @entity8 , which may be amenable to surgical repair.

title: Membranous XXXX : a treatable form of congenital heart disease.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the surgical outcomes after transumbilical single-port access laparoscopic surgery for @entity2 . METHODS: @entity0 undergoing transumbilical single-port access laparoscopic radical resection for @entity2 at the Zhongshan Hospital of Xiamen University were included. RESULTS: Three @entity0 underwent transumbilical single-port access laparoscopic radical resection for sigmoid @entity4 and 1 for @entity1 between August 2010 and September 2010. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. No conversion was required. The mean operative time was 206 min and the mean estimated @entity3 was 75 ml. The mean number of harvested lymph nodes was 21. @entity0 were ambulatory in the same day of surgery or postoperative day 1. Length of hospital stay ranged from 7 to 10 days. CONCLUSIONS: Transumbilical single-port access laparoscopic surgery is safe for @entity2 . Long-term outcomes warrant further investigation.

title: [Transumbilical single-port access laparoscopic surgery for XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of the present study was to compare energy substrate fluxes through metabolic pathways leading to mitochondrial @entity9 synthesis and release in normal and diseased @entity2 hearts using 13C-substrates and mass isotopomer analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). This study was prompted by our previous finding of a modulated @entity9 release by perfused @entity2 hearts and by the possibility that a dysregulated myocardial @entity9 release represents a specific chronic alteration of energy metabolism in cardiac @entity0 . The 15-week-old spontaneously @entity5 @entity2 (SHR) was chosen as our @entity12 and the @entity2 -Kyoto (WKY) @entity2 as its matched control. Ex vivo work-performing hearts were perfused with a semi-recirculating buffer containing physiological concentrations of unlabeled ( @entity6 ) and @entity13 -labeled ([U-13C3]( @entity7 + @entity10 ) and/or [1-(13)C]oleate) substrates. In parallel to the continuous monitoring of indices of the heart's functional and physiological status, the following metabolic parameters were documented: (i) @entity9 release rates and @entity9 cycle intermediate tissue levels, (ii) the contribution of @entity8 as well as @entity10 decarboxylation and carboxylation to @entity9 synthesis, and (iii) @entity7 and @entity10 uptake and efflux rates. Working hearts from both @entity2 species showed a similar percent contribution of @entity11 for @entity9 synthesis through decarboxylation (70%) and carboxylation (10%). SHR hearts showed the following metabolic alterations: a higher @entity9 release rate, which was associated with a parallel increase in its tissue level, a lower contribution of oleate beta-oxidation to @entity9 synthesis, and an accelerated efflux rate of unlabeled @entity7 from glycolysis. These metabolic changes were not explained by differences in myocardial @entity1 consumption, cardiac performance or efficiency, nor correlated with indices of tissue @entity3 or @entity4 . This study demonstrates how the alliance between ex vivo semi-recirculating working perfused @entity2 hearts with 13C-substrates and mass isotopomer analysis by GCMS, can provide an unprecedented insight into the metabolic phenotype of normal and diseased @entity2 hearts. The clinical relevance of metabolic alterations herein documented in the SHR heart is suggested by its resemblance to those reported in cardiac @entity0 . Taken altogether, our results raise the possibility that the increased @entity9 release of diseased hearts results from an imbalance between @entity9 synthesis and utilization rates, which becomes more apparent underconditions of substrate abundance.

title: Metabolic phenotyping of the diseased XXXX heart using 13C-substrates and ex vivo perfusion in the working mode.

answer: @entity2


abstract: During a 14-year period, @entity2 of the anal sac apocrine glands was found in 52 pastel and 8 sapphire mink (Mustela vison) kept for studies on slow @entity3 . The pastel mink varied in age from 72 to 135 months (mean age 108 months), the sapphire mink from 63 to 100 months (mean age 81 months). All but one pastel mink were females. The @entity1 varied in size from masses that caused bulges in the perineum to those that were found only after microscopic examination of the anal sac glands. Although the @entity1 grew mainly by expansion with little local infiltration, 41 of the 60 @entity1 had metastasized to the regional lymph nodes and sometimes also to more distant sites. The striking propensity of the @entity2 to @entity0 while still small, even microscopic, often resulted in massive secondary growths, notably in the iliac lymph nodes. @entity4 did not accompany the @entity2 . Its varied microscopic appearance included solid, glandular, squamous cell, and spindle or round cell components. Combinations of them formed mixed or complex histologic patterns, no doubt largely attributable to neoplastic proliferation of myoepithelial cells and squamous metaplasia of the apocrine gland epithelium. Although its cause remains obscure, the @entity2 appeared to arise from small foci of hyperplastic apocrine glands, sometimes in relation to both anal sacs. The @entity1 is a common and distinctive expression of @entity1 in older ranch mink.

title: XXXX of the anal sac glands in ranch mink.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Blistering dermatitises are characterized by the presence of blisters that begin owing to acantholysis ( @entity3 ) such as @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or owing to @entity2 ( @entity3 ) such as @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Both diseases are autoimmune pathologies characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against specific adhesion molecules of the skin and mucous membranes. @entity5 , in which oral lesions are always present, has a progressive course that, if the disease is not treated, nearly always brings to death from sepsis within a few years. In @entity4 , oral lesions are rare and the disease, that is most frequent in older individuals, has a chronic course with spontaneous remissions. Systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are the mainstay of treatment of these two diseases. Although this therapy had reduced the mortality of the two pathologies it is associated with serious side effects. To reduce the corticosteroids dose and to improve the symptomatology in resistant therapy cases, we treated five @entity0 with several procedures of plasma exchange. Four @entity0 were affected by @entity4 and one by @entity5 . Their disease severity at onset of plasmapheresis ranged from mild to severe. One of 5 @entity0 suffered a plasmapheresis side effect. All @entity0 responded with complete remission of symptomatology and had a @entity1 dosage reduction until 70%. Plasmapheresis is an effective treatment for @entity5 and @entity4 @entity0 who have been unresponsive to conventional therapy, for those for whom conventional drugs are contraindicated, for those who show severe clinical manifestations and for those who need high doses of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants to keep the disease under control.

title: Plasmapheresis therapy in @entity5 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Blistering dermatitises are characterized by the presence of blisters that begin owing to acantholysis ( @entity3 ) such as @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or owing to @entity2 ( @entity3 ) such as @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Both diseases are autoimmune pathologies characterized by the presence of autoantibodies against specific adhesion molecules of the skin and mucous membranes. @entity5 , in which oral lesions are always present, has a progressive course that, if the disease is not treated, nearly always brings to death from sepsis within a few years. In @entity4 , oral lesions are rare and the disease, that is most frequent in older individuals, has a chronic course with spontaneous remissions. Systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressants are the mainstay of treatment of these two diseases. Although this therapy had reduced the mortality of the two pathologies it is associated with serious side effects. To reduce the corticosteroids dose and to improve the symptomatology in resistant therapy cases, we treated five @entity0 with several procedures of plasma exchange. Four @entity0 were affected by @entity4 and one by @entity5 . Their disease severity at onset of plasmapheresis ranged from mild to severe. One of 5 @entity0 suffered a plasmapheresis side effect. All @entity0 responded with complete remission of symptomatology and had a @entity1 dosage reduction until 70%. Plasmapheresis is an effective treatment for @entity5 and @entity4 @entity0 who have been unresponsive to conventional therapy, for those for whom conventional drugs are contraindicated, for those who show severe clinical manifestations and for those who need high doses of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants to keep the disease under control.

title: Plasmapheresis therapy in XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Neoplasms of the third ventricle are lesions arising within the ventricular cavity, often free but more often pedunculated. True third @entity1 are surgically removable. In a consecutive surgical series of 580 @entity1 the authors operated on 27 lesions of the third ventricle, 7 of which were @entity2 . The histological diagnosis was @entity6 in 5 cases and fibrillar @entity7 in 2 cases. The dominant clinical features were a slowly progressive or intermittently @entity4 , and @entity3 . CT and @entity5 contrastographic studies provided the essential diagnostic data for the therapeutic plan. CT scans at follow-up studies confirmed the successful removal of the lesions. A right trans-ventricular approach was employed in all cases. Depending on the size and position of the lesion, removal was performed through the foramen of Monro or through a sub-choroidal approach. In two @entity0 a ventriculo-atrial shunt was necessary in spite of @entity1 removal. No surgical mortality occurred and @entity0 are well at a follow-up time of from 2 to 6 years.

title: Third XXXX . Report of 7 cases with benign clinical behaviour.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effects of acute @entity2 with reperfusion on T1 (spin-lattice) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times in a @entity1 model and correlate these changes with bulk myocardial water content (% @entity3 ). In 15 @entity1 the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for either 40 minutes (n = 5), 1 hour (n = 5), or 2 hours (n = 5). In 15 additional @entity1 , matched occlusion periods were followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. T1 of tissue from normal and @entity0 myocardium was measured in vitro with a 2.5 kg NMR spectrometer. In the reperfusion animals, the 2-hour group showed significant increases in % @entity3 and T1 when the @entity0 segment of myocardium was evaluated (both p less than 0.01). All but one animal in the 1-hour (reperfusion) group showed increases in both % @entity3 or T1 in the @entity0 segment of myocardium when compared to control segments. The mean values from the @entity0 myocardium in the 1-hour group were significantly higher than the values from the matched control segment for % @entity3 (p less than 0.05) and T1 (p less than 0.05). In the group undergoing 40 minutes of @entity0 followed by 3 hours of reperfusion, neither % @entity3 nor T1 changed significantly. In the nonreperfused animals, neither T1 nor % @entity3 content increased significantly after 40 minutes. Significant increases were seen in the 1-hour (p less than 0.05) and 2-hour groups (without reperfusion) (p less than 0.01). In addition, the 2-hour occlusion followed by reperfusion animals had significantly greater T1 relaxation times and % @entity3 than control @entity0 animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of acute myocardial infarction in @entity1 : the effects of transient XXXX of varying duration and reperfusion on spin lattice relaxation times.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purposes of this study were to evaluate the effects of acute @entity2 with reperfusion on T1 (spin-lattice) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times in a @entity1 model and correlate these changes with bulk myocardial water content (% @entity3 ). In 15 @entity1 the left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded for either 40 minutes (n = 5), 1 hour (n = 5), or 2 hours (n = 5). In 15 additional @entity1 , matched occlusion periods were followed by 3 hours of reperfusion. T1 of tissue from normal and @entity0 myocardium was measured in vitro with a 2.5 kg NMR spectrometer. In the reperfusion animals, the 2-hour group showed significant increases in % @entity3 and T1 when the @entity0 segment of myocardium was evaluated (both p less than 0.01). All but one animal in the 1-hour (reperfusion) group showed increases in both % @entity3 or T1 in the @entity0 segment of myocardium when compared to control segments. The mean values from the @entity0 myocardium in the 1-hour group were significantly higher than the values from the matched control segment for % @entity3 (p less than 0.05) and T1 (p less than 0.05). In the group undergoing 40 minutes of @entity0 followed by 3 hours of reperfusion, neither % @entity3 nor T1 changed significantly. In the nonreperfused animals, neither T1 nor % @entity3 content increased significantly after 40 minutes. Significant increases were seen in the 1-hour (p less than 0.05) and 2-hour groups (without reperfusion) (p less than 0.01). In addition, the 2-hour occlusion followed by reperfusion animals had significantly greater T1 relaxation times and % @entity3 than control @entity0 animals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of acute myocardial infarction in XXXX : the effects of transient @entity0 of varying duration and reperfusion on spin lattice relaxation times.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Fourteen @entity0 with progressive @entity7 and multiple system @entity2 have been investigated by urodynamic, electromyographic and neurohistochemical means and the results compared with a series of age-matched controls. @entity4 of lower urinary tract function have been identified: (1) Involuntary detrusor contractions in response to @entity6 . It is suggested that these may be the result of a loss of inhibitory influences from the corpus striatum and substantia nigra. (2) Loss of the ability to initiate a @entity5 reflex. This may reflect the degeneration of neurons in pontine and medullary nuclei and in the sacral intermediolateral columns. In addition, these studies have demonstrated a significant reduction in the density of acetylcholinesterase-containing nerves in bladder muscle. (3) Profound @entity3 . This appears to be partly due to a loss of proximal urethral sphincter tone, which causes @entity6 . In addition, the function of the striated component of the urethral sphincter is impaired. Individual motor units recorded from this muscle were clearly abnormal when compared with controls and suggested that reinnervation had occurred. We suggest that this is the result of degeneration of a specific group of sacral anterior horn cells known as Onuf's nucleus. The evidence that these particular motor units are affected, while others are spared, poses fundamental questions about the nature of selective vulnerability in @entity1 .

title: XXXX in progressive @entity7 with multiple system @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Fourteen @entity0 with progressive @entity7 and multiple system @entity2 have been investigated by urodynamic, electromyographic and neurohistochemical means and the results compared with a series of age-matched controls. @entity4 of lower urinary tract function have been identified: (1) Involuntary detrusor contractions in response to @entity6 . It is suggested that these may be the result of a loss of inhibitory influences from the corpus striatum and substantia nigra. (2) Loss of the ability to initiate a @entity5 reflex. This may reflect the degeneration of neurons in pontine and medullary nuclei and in the sacral intermediolateral columns. In addition, these studies have demonstrated a significant reduction in the density of acetylcholinesterase-containing nerves in bladder muscle. (3) Profound @entity3 . This appears to be partly due to a loss of proximal urethral sphincter tone, which causes @entity6 . In addition, the function of the striated component of the urethral sphincter is impaired. Individual motor units recorded from this muscle were clearly abnormal when compared with controls and suggested that reinnervation had occurred. We suggest that this is the result of degeneration of a specific group of sacral anterior horn cells known as Onuf's nucleus. The evidence that these particular motor units are affected, while others are spared, poses fundamental questions about the nature of selective vulnerability in @entity1 .

title: @entity3 in progressive @entity7 with multiple system XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Fourteen @entity0 with progressive @entity7 and multiple system @entity2 have been investigated by urodynamic, electromyographic and neurohistochemical means and the results compared with a series of age-matched controls. @entity4 of lower urinary tract function have been identified: (1) Involuntary detrusor contractions in response to @entity6 . It is suggested that these may be the result of a loss of inhibitory influences from the corpus striatum and substantia nigra. (2) Loss of the ability to initiate a @entity5 reflex. This may reflect the degeneration of neurons in pontine and medullary nuclei and in the sacral intermediolateral columns. In addition, these studies have demonstrated a significant reduction in the density of acetylcholinesterase-containing nerves in bladder muscle. (3) Profound @entity3 . This appears to be partly due to a loss of proximal urethral sphincter tone, which causes @entity6 . In addition, the function of the striated component of the urethral sphincter is impaired. Individual motor units recorded from this muscle were clearly abnormal when compared with controls and suggested that reinnervation had occurred. We suggest that this is the result of degeneration of a specific group of sacral anterior horn cells known as Onuf's nucleus. The evidence that these particular motor units are affected, while others are spared, poses fundamental questions about the nature of selective vulnerability in @entity1 .

title: @entity3 in progressive XXXX with multiple system @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The incidence of @entity7 in pregnancy is low and the management of @entity7 during pregnancy is difficult. We have observed a total of 10 pregnancies in 8 @entity0 . Six of the @entity0 had @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and two of them had @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Three of the pregnancies were diagnosed when the @entity4 was in remission, six at the time of @entity4 diagnosis and one at the time of leukemic relapse. Six of the pregnancies were found in first trimester, three in the second and one early in the third. Three pregnancies ended with @entity5 , three with intrauterine @entity2 and three with medical termination. One of @entity5 and one intrauterine @entity2 developed during combination chemotherapy ( @entity8 , @entity6 ). Only 1 healthy baby survived from the 10 pregnancies and this @entity0 was the not exposed to chemotherapeutic agents. None of the cases had @entity9 . Five of eight pregnant @entity0 with @entity4 died because of the @entity1 .

title: Maternal and fetal outcomes in pregnancy complicated with XXXX : a single institutional experience with 10 pregnancies at 16 years.

answer: @entity7


abstract: We describe four @entity0 who developed @entity4 after an exposure to a pepper spray containing toxic carriers. Two of these @entity0 were exposed to a pepper gas containing 5% oleoresin capsicum (OC) as an irritant and 92% @entity5 or unknown amount of @entity3 as a carrier. One @entity0 was exposed to a mock (containing 92% @entity5 as a carrier) training pepper gas without OC. The fourth @entity0 was exposed to an unidentified Russian pepper gas spray. Two of the @entity0 were examined by in vivo confocal microscopy to demonstrate the depth and quality of the stromal damage. To test the @entity2 of the commercial tear spray, it was analyzed and test sprayed on a soft contact lens and into a plastic cup. Visual acuity was measured and the eyes were examined with a slit-lamp up to 5 months. Physical damage to a soft contact lens was visually acquired. All @entity0 showed a long-lasting, deep corneal and conjuctival erosion, which resolved partly with medical therapy during the following weeks/months. Confocal microscopy revealed @entity1 , and keratocyte activation reaching two-thirds of stroma for one @entity0 . The spray caused serious damage to both the soft contact lens and the plastic cup. The safety of the commercially available @entity6 should be assessed before marketing, and a list of acceptable ingredients created. The sprays should also have instructions on the use of the compound as well as on the first aid measures after the exposure. Solvents known to be toxic should not be used.

title: Toxic carriers in @entity6 may cause XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We describe four @entity0 who developed @entity4 after an exposure to a pepper spray containing toxic carriers. Two of these @entity0 were exposed to a pepper gas containing 5% oleoresin capsicum (OC) as an irritant and 92% @entity5 or unknown amount of @entity3 as a carrier. One @entity0 was exposed to a mock (containing 92% @entity5 as a carrier) training pepper gas without OC. The fourth @entity0 was exposed to an unidentified Russian pepper gas spray. Two of the @entity0 were examined by in vivo confocal microscopy to demonstrate the depth and quality of the stromal damage. To test the @entity2 of the commercial tear spray, it was analyzed and test sprayed on a soft contact lens and into a plastic cup. Visual acuity was measured and the eyes were examined with a slit-lamp up to 5 months. Physical damage to a soft contact lens was visually acquired. All @entity0 showed a long-lasting, deep corneal and conjuctival erosion, which resolved partly with medical therapy during the following weeks/months. Confocal microscopy revealed @entity1 , and keratocyte activation reaching two-thirds of stroma for one @entity0 . The spray caused serious damage to both the soft contact lens and the plastic cup. The safety of the commercially available @entity6 should be assessed before marketing, and a list of acceptable ingredients created. The sprays should also have instructions on the use of the compound as well as on the first aid measures after the exposure. Solvents known to be toxic should not be used.

title: Toxic carriers in XXXX may cause @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Open mitral reconstruction for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was performed in 120 @entity0 , 101 @entity0 and 19 @entity0 , aged 22 to 75 years (mean 49). Nine @entity0 were functional class II, 106 class III, 5 class IV; 13 only underwent noninvasive studies, including echocardiography, before surgery, while 107 had preoperative cardiac catheterization studies. The latter showed a mean valve area of 1.09 cm2 and a pulmonary artery wedge to left ventricular mean diastolic gradient of 14 mm Hg. Cardiopulmonary bypass was used in all @entity0 for open reconstruction under direct vision. Superior commissurotomy was done in 115 @entity0 , inferior in 114, papillary muscles were incised and chordae lengthened in 39 and @entity1 was excised from valve leaflets in 23. Suture or ring anuloplasty was not required in any @entity0 . The series was begun January 1972 and terminated in January 1984. Personal follow up was conducted in July 1984. There were no operative deaths in the 120 @entity0 . There were 5 late deaths, all from noncardiac causes. The mean follow-up time was 53 months. The actuarial probability of survival at 10 years was 95 +/- 2%. Thromboemboli occurred in 9 @entity0 ; the probability of freedom from thromboemboli at 10 years was 91 +/- 3% and the linearized rate was 1.8%/ @entity0 -year of follow-up. Reoperation was required in 9 @entity0 , an absolute incidence of 7.5% and an annual incidence of 1.7%/ @entity0 year. At 10 years the probability of freedom from reoperation was 84 +/- 5%.

title: Long-term results of open mitral valve reconstruction for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Forty-nine @entity0 with primary @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were subclassified according to French-American-British (FAB) Cooperative Group criteria. Eight @entity0 had acquired @entity1 (AISA), ten had @entity6 ( @entity6 ), 14 had @entity1 ( @entity1 ), nine had @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and five had @entity7 ( @entity7 ); three @entity0 could not be subclassified. The actuarial median survival for @entity0 with AISA or with @entity1 had not been reached at 60 months of follow-up. The median survival times for @entity0 with @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity7 were 25, 21, and 16 months, respectively. The percentages of @entity0 with each subtype who developed @entity5 were none in AISA, 20% in @entity6 , 7% in @entity1 , 56% in @entity7 , and 40% in @entity7 . @entity0 with @entity6 had a poor prognosis independent of transformation to @entity5 ( @entity5 ), whereas @entity0 with @entity7 and @entity7 had a high incidence of transformation and short survival times. @entity2 were present in bone marrow cells from 19 @entity0 at the time of diagnosis, and two others developed an abnormal karyotype at the time of leukemic transformation. The most frequent abnormalities, including initial and evolutionary changes, were trisomy 8 (9 @entity0 ), deletion of 5q (4 @entity0 ), and deletion of 20q (4 @entity0 ). The median survival times were 32 months for @entity0 with an abnormal karyotype, and 48 months for those with a normal karyotype (P = 0.2). Specific @entity2 were not associated with particular histologic subtypes; however, a high percentage of @entity0 with @entity7 and @entity7 had an abnormal clone (89% and 80%, respectively). The percentages of @entity0 with @entity3 were 13% for AISA, 20% for @entity6 , and 29% for @entity1 . The @entity4 transformed to @entity5 in 42% of @entity0 with an abnormal karyotype, compared to 10% of those with an initially normal karyotype (P less than .01). Among @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity7 , and @entity7 , the risk of leukemic transformation was confined to those with an abnormal karyotype (P less than .01). Thus, in the present study, morphology and karyotype combined were the best indicators of outcome in @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Prognostic implications of morphology and karyotype in primary XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Delivery of @entity4 through a @entity1 -lined i.v. administration set and through a @entity2 ( @entity2 ) set was compared. @entity4 was prepared in concentrations of 50 mg/500 mL and 100 mg/500 mL in 0.9% @entity3 injection and 5% @entity0 injection in glass containers. @entity4 concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography at 0 through 5 hours in samples collected simultaneously from the glass solution containers and from the distal ends of a @entity2 administration set and a @entity1 -lined (non- @entity2 ) set. Flow rates of 50 and 100 mL/hr were tested. For the non- @entity2 sets, @entity4 concentration in the infusate was not significantly different from concentration in the glass container at any sampling time. The overall percentage of @entity4 recovered was 100.7 +/- 6.8%. For the @entity2 sets, @entity4 concentration in the infusate was less than in the container at all sampling times, and the overall percentage of @entity4 recovered was 65.4 +/- 13.3% (significantly different from delivery for the non- @entity2 sets). Delivery through the non- @entity2 sets was not affected by flow rate, type of solution, or concentration of @entity4 . For infusion periods of up to five hours, delivery of @entity4 through @entity1 -lined i.v. administration sets was superior to delivery through @entity2 sets.

title: Effect of a @entity1 -lined administration set on the availability of XXXX injection.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Delivery of @entity4 through a @entity1 -lined i.v. administration set and through a @entity2 ( @entity2 ) set was compared. @entity4 was prepared in concentrations of 50 mg/500 mL and 100 mg/500 mL in 0.9% @entity3 injection and 5% @entity0 injection in glass containers. @entity4 concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography at 0 through 5 hours in samples collected simultaneously from the glass solution containers and from the distal ends of a @entity2 administration set and a @entity1 -lined (non- @entity2 ) set. Flow rates of 50 and 100 mL/hr were tested. For the non- @entity2 sets, @entity4 concentration in the infusate was not significantly different from concentration in the glass container at any sampling time. The overall percentage of @entity4 recovered was 100.7 +/- 6.8%. For the @entity2 sets, @entity4 concentration in the infusate was less than in the container at all sampling times, and the overall percentage of @entity4 recovered was 65.4 +/- 13.3% (significantly different from delivery for the non- @entity2 sets). Delivery through the non- @entity2 sets was not affected by flow rate, type of solution, or concentration of @entity4 . For infusion periods of up to five hours, delivery of @entity4 through @entity1 -lined i.v. administration sets was superior to delivery through @entity2 sets.

title: Effect of a XXXX -lined administration set on the availability of @entity4 injection.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Tumors of the pterygoid fossa are often regarded as unresectable because of their anatomic inaccessibility. The rapidly developing techniques of craniofacial surgery have advanced sufficiently to now allow safe ablative surgery in this area and yet preserve the functional status and cosmetic appearance of the @entity0 . A technique utilizing a bicoronal incision that is extended to the angle of the mandible on the involved side is described. This allows wide exposure of the bony structures at the lateral base of the skull while maintaining the integrity of the facial nerve within the cutaneous flap. Temporary removal of the zygomatic arch achieves direct access to and visualization of the contents of the temporal and pterygoid fossae. Skull, mandibular, and maxillary bone adjacent to @entity1 can easily and safely be resected to obtain complete @entity1 -free margins. Craniectomy bone is harvested and split into inner and outer tables to reconstruct the bony defects. This approach was successfully utilized in a 5-year-old @entity0 with a Group III @entity3 with @entity2 following combined chemo- and radiotherapy. He remains @entity1 -free at 15 months, postoperation. The technique can be adapted for a variety of mass lesions located at the anterior base of the skull, both intra- and extracranially. Morbidity and mortality should be minimal with an experienced craniofacial team.

title: XXXX of pterygoid fossa. Resection for cure utilizing an innervated facial flap and craniofacial reconstruction.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Certain yoga asanas if practiced regularly are known to have beneficial effects on @entity0 body. These yoga practices might be interacting with various, somato-neuro-endocrine mechanisms to have therapeutic effects. The present study done in twenty four @entity2 @entity0 of 30 to 60 year old, provides metabolic and clinical evidence of improvement in glycaemic control and pulmonary functions. These middle-aged subjects were type II diabetics on antihyperglycaemic and dietary regimen. Their baseline fasting and postprandial blood @entity1 and glycosylated Hb were monitored along with pulmonary function studies. The expert gave these @entity0 training in yoga asanas and were pursed 30-40 min/day for 40 days under guidance. These asanas consisted of 13 well known postures, done in a sequence. After 40 days of yoga asanas regimen, the parameters were repeated. The results indicate that there was significant decrease in fasting blood @entity1 levels (basal 190.08 +/- 90.8 in mg/dl to 141.5 +/- 79.8 in mg/dl). The postprandial blood @entity1 levels also decreased (276.54 +/- 101.0 in mg/dl to 201.75 +/- 104.1 in mg/dl), glycosylated hemoglobin showed a decrease (9.03 +/- 1.4% to 7.83 +/- 2.6%). The FEV1, FVC, PEFR, MVV increased significantly (1.81 +/- 0.4 lt to 2.08 +/- 0.4 lt, 2.20 +/- 0.6 lt to 2.37 +/- 0.5 lt, 3.30 +/- 1.0 lt/s to 4.43 +/- 1.4 lt/s and 64.59 +/- 25.7 lt min to 76.28 +/- 28.1 lt/min respectively). FEV1/FVC% improved (85 +/- 0.2% to 89 +/- 0.1%). These findings suggest that better glycaemic control and pulmonary functions can be obtained in @entity2 cases with yoga asanas and pranayama. The exact mechanism as to how these postures and controlled breathing, interact with somato-neuro-endocrine mechanism affecting metabolic and pulmonary functions remains to be worked out.

title: Study of yoga asanas in assessment of pulmonary function in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Certain yoga asanas if practiced regularly are known to have beneficial effects on @entity0 body. These yoga practices might be interacting with various, somato-neuro-endocrine mechanisms to have therapeutic effects. The present study done in twenty four @entity2 @entity0 of 30 to 60 year old, provides metabolic and clinical evidence of improvement in glycaemic control and pulmonary functions. These middle-aged subjects were type II diabetics on antihyperglycaemic and dietary regimen. Their baseline fasting and postprandial blood @entity1 and glycosylated Hb were monitored along with pulmonary function studies. The expert gave these @entity0 training in yoga asanas and were pursed 30-40 min/day for 40 days under guidance. These asanas consisted of 13 well known postures, done in a sequence. After 40 days of yoga asanas regimen, the parameters were repeated. The results indicate that there was significant decrease in fasting blood @entity1 levels (basal 190.08 +/- 90.8 in mg/dl to 141.5 +/- 79.8 in mg/dl). The postprandial blood @entity1 levels also decreased (276.54 +/- 101.0 in mg/dl to 201.75 +/- 104.1 in mg/dl), glycosylated hemoglobin showed a decrease (9.03 +/- 1.4% to 7.83 +/- 2.6%). The FEV1, FVC, PEFR, MVV increased significantly (1.81 +/- 0.4 lt to 2.08 +/- 0.4 lt, 2.20 +/- 0.6 lt to 2.37 +/- 0.5 lt, 3.30 +/- 1.0 lt/s to 4.43 +/- 1.4 lt/s and 64.59 +/- 25.7 lt min to 76.28 +/- 28.1 lt/min respectively). FEV1/FVC% improved (85 +/- 0.2% to 89 +/- 0.1%). These findings suggest that better glycaemic control and pulmonary functions can be obtained in @entity2 cases with yoga asanas and pranayama. The exact mechanism as to how these postures and controlled breathing, interact with somato-neuro-endocrine mechanism affecting metabolic and pulmonary functions remains to be worked out.

title: Study of yoga asanas in assessment of pulmonary function in @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The visual responses of single units in the lateral and dorsal terminal nuclei (LTN and @entity3 ) of the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were studied in adult @entity1 reared in total darkness. In the LTN of the normal cat equal numbers of cells prefer upward and downward vertical stimulus motion (previous results). While direction selectively continued to be a characteristic property of LTN and @entity3 units in dark-reared animals, the distribution of preferred and non-preferred directions of LTN cells was radically altered such that almost every LTN cell examined in the dark-reared cat preferred downward stimulus motion. In contrast, the distribution of preferred directions among @entity3 cells was largely unaffected by dark rearing. Both normal and dark-reared cat @entity3 cells responded best to stimuli moving horizontally toward the recorded hemisphere. The velocity preferences of @entity3 units of the dark-reared cat were, however, much slower than those of normal @entity3 units. LTN units responding to downward motion in dark-reared @entity1 showed similar velocity preferences to those downward direction-selective LTN units in normal animals. Unlike the highly binocular responses of @entity2 cells encountered in the normal cat, the ocular dominance distribution obtained from units in the LTN and @entity3 of the dark-reared cat is completely monocular, favoring the contralateral eye. Thus, dark rearing renders the distribution of preferred directions most affected in the LTN, velocity preference most affected in the @entity3 and ocular dominance strongly affected in both nuclei. The physiological response properties of the dark-reared cat presented in this report bear a close resemblance to those we have described in the @entity2 of acutely decorticated animals (previous results). Data obtained from the dark-reared cat support our earlier suggestion that the visual cortex is a major source of upward direction selectively, high-velocity tuning and ipsilateral eye input for @entity2 cells. Some of the functional consequences of these findings are discussed in relation to frontal eye placement and @entity0 .

title: Response properties of single units in the XXXX of the dark-reared cat.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A 13-year-old, female, seventh-grade student (the index @entity0 ) was found to have smear-positive, cavitary, @entity2 . Epidemiologic and contact investigation, involving skin testing over 900 @entity0 , revealed a 40 per cent tuberculin reactor rate for @entity0 in the junior high school she attended compared to a 2 per cent rate for control schools. Repeat skin testing of initial non-reactors identified an additional 3 per cent of infected school @entity0 . School teachers showed a seven-fold increase in the prevalence of positive skin-test reactions following the outbreak. Tuberculin-reactor rates for seventh graders were substantially higher than for eighth graders. The more classes shared with the index @entity0 , the higher the probability of being a reactor. Among students who shared no classes with the index @entity0 , the highest rates of tuberculin reactions were found for those who had entered a classroom immediately after the index @entity0 had left it. Evidence of transmission on the school bus and in the church choir was also suggested. Six secondary cases (three pulmonary) resulted from the outbreak. Identical phage types from the index and secondary @entity0 suggest who had left school during the term proved useful in determining when transmission began. The index case was found to be a missed contact of a previously identified case of @entity1 . Since household contacts are at high risk for developing active disease, there is a need for meticulous and complete investigation and preventive therapy for all such @entity0 , especially @entity0 .

title: Epidemiology of a XXXX outbreak in a South Carolina junior high school.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two hundred fourteen @entity0 with @entity2 who underwent curative resection for biopsy-proved or autopsy-proved local recurrences with a minimum of 2 years follow-up were evaluated. The only predictive variables for anastomotic recurrence were @entity1 margins. There were 49 Dukes' A lesions with no observed recurrences. There were also 83 Dukes' B lesions and 84 @entity3 with a total of 18 local recurrences in 214 cases or 8.4 percent (of Duke's B lesions or 6 percent and 14 of @entity3 or 17 percent). When proximal or distal margins were less than 5 cm there were seven total recurrences (three Dukes' B lesions and four @entity3 ). However, when margins were greater than 5 cm, 11 local recurrences were observed (1 Dukes' B and 10 @entity3 ). It appears that margins are not as important in preventing local recurrences of Dukes' A lesions as they are of both Dukes' B and C lesions. Although the numbers are small in this study, it appears that Dukes' B lesions can be satisfactorily resected with a very low incidence of local recurrence if their margins are 5 cm or greater, whereas if the resected margins are less than 5 cm, the incidence of local recurrences increases from 9 percent (1 of 11 lesions) to 43 percent (3 of 7 lesions), or almost a fivefold increase. Therefore, it appears that good surgical technique and adequate margins of greater than 5 cm are very important in reducing local recurrences of Dukes' B lesions. However, when margins are greater than 5 cm, this does not guarantee freedom from local recurrence of @entity3 . This may merely reflect the difference in the biologic characteristics among Dukes' A, B, and C lesions and the fact that limited resection, particularly in the rectosigmoid region, cannot possibly remove all intralymphatic disease, which is the presumed culprit in locally recurrent @entity3 .

title: Contributions of pathologic margins and Dukes' stage to local recurrence in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 induced @entity2 in 21 @entity0 . @entity1 was most often due to perforation of the colon and was located with almost equal frequency in the upper and lower abdomen. Four @entity0 died after single laparotomy for drainage. Seventeen were drained operatively more than once (average 3.4 operations) at mean intervals of 10 days. Sixteen of the 21 @entity0 (76 percent) died with @entity2 despite drainage. Organ function improved temporarily in only one @entity0 . Autopsy showed that pus had persisted or recurred in three @entity0 . No significant predictors of survival were identified, although the advantage appears to lie with the younger @entity0 in whom @entity2 develops relatively late after @entity1 (mean 13 days) and who needs ventilatory assistance for less than 1 week. The location, size, and bacteriologic characteristics of abscesses do not appear to influence outcome. This study shows that early and repeated drainage of intraabdominal pus will not reverse @entity2 in the majority of @entity0 .

title: Does drainage of intraabdominal pus reverse XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Suboptimal innate and immune mechanisms of host resistance during the peripartum period may contribute to increased incidence of @entity1 . To evaluate associations between antibody response to @entity2 and milk production during the peripartum period, 136 Holstein @entity0 and heifers from three herds with known antibody response profiles, were evaluated for projected 305-d milk, protein, and fat yield. Using a previously described index (Wagter et al., 2000), @entity0 were quantitatively classified based on their profile of antibody response to @entity2 into high, average, or low antibody response groups. The single-effect antibody response group contributed significantly to variation in fat and protein yield, but not milk yield. The interaction between antibody response and parity significantly contributed to the variation in milk, fat, and protein yields; therefore the effects of group were reported on a within-parity basis. Among first-parity @entity0 , low responders had a higher fat and protein yield than high or average antibody responder animals. Among older @entity0 (parity 3 or greater) milk yield was significantly higher for those in the high antibody response group compared with average and low response groups. However, no significant differences in fat or protein yields were observed between high and low antibody response groups. These results suggest the possibility to select @entity0 for enhanced immune response with no adverse effects on yield. That first-parity @entity0 with low antibody response produce more fat and protein may be offset by the fact that @entity1 occurrence was highest in this group in two out of three herds investigated. Selection for high immune response may prove beneficial to herd life by maintaining optimal yield, yet minimizing occurrence of disease.

title: The relationship between milk production and antibody response to XXXX during the peripartum period.

answer: @entity2