abstract: Radiation-induced @entity1 in the developing brain is @entity2 -dependent. However, genetic studies indicate that the signalling pathways that couple irradiation to @entity2 expression can vary between different developing neural populations [Herzog et al. (1998) Science, 280, 1089-1091]. Here we establish that signalling downstream of @entity2 also exhibits brain region-specific differences that are associated with the relative vulnerability of some cell populations to radiation-induced killing in the @entity0 . Following gamma-irradiation, @entity2 and @entity5 , but not @entity3 , protein levels increased in the developing cerebellum. In contrast, neither @entity5 nor @entity3 protein levels were elevated in the @entity4 following irradiation, despite increased @entity2 expression. In the @entity4 , @entity2 expression was associated with cells destined to die, whereas in the cerebellum, @entity2 was expressed in both radiation-sensitive and radiation-resistant neuroblasts of the external granule cell layer. Although @entity5 mRNA was expressed in all @entity2 -positive neuroblasts after irradiation, p21WAF1/ @entity5 protein was only detected in radiation-resistant neuroblasts of the cerebellum. Thus, @entity5 was subject to post-transcriptional regulation with p21WAF1/ @entity5 protein only accumulating in cells destined to survive irradiation. Nevertheless, @entity5 function was not essential for radiation resistance, as postmitotic neuroblasts in the external granule cell layer were spared in p21WAF1/ @entity5 knockout @entity0 .

title: Differential post-transcriptional regulation of p21WAF1/ XXXX levels in the developing nervous system following gamma-irradiation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity7 /lacunes, @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are considered various manifestations of @entity12 ( @entity12 ). Since the exact mechanisms of these manifestations differ, their associated risk factors differ. High blood pressure is the most consistent risk factor for all of these manifestations. However, a "J curve" phenomenon in terms of blood pressure probably exists for @entity1 . The association between @entity5 levels and @entity7 /lacunes or @entity1 was less consistent and sometimes conflicting; a low @entity5 level probably increases the risk of CMBs. @entity11 appears to be associated with @entity1 . It is noteworthy that the risk factors profile may also differ between different lacunar patterns and CMBs located at different parts of the brain. Thrombolysis, antihypertensives, and @entity13 are used to treat @entity0 with symptomatic @entity7 , just as in those with other @entity2 subtypes. However, it should be remembered that @entity6 risks increase in @entity0 with extensive @entity1 and CMBs after thrombolysis therapy. According to the Secondary Prevention of Small Subcortical Strokes trial results, a blood pressure reduction to <130 mmHg is recommended in @entity0 with symptomatic @entity7 . However, an excessive blood pressure decrease may induce @entity3 in older @entity0 with extensive @entity1 . Dual antiplatelet therapy ( @entity4 plus @entity8 ) should be avoided because of the excessive risk of @entity9 . Although no particular antiplatelet is recommended, drugs such as @entity10 or triflusal may have advantages for @entity0 with @entity12 since they are associated with less frequent @entity6 complications than @entity4 .

title: Prevention and Management of XXXX .

answer: @entity12


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is the most common @entity1 and is associated with major complications. Ongoing research is focused on new pacing devices for alternative treatment of this disease. The objective of an @entity2 registry is to store prospectively all relevant data covering clinical information, quality of life and device parameters and by this means provide a platform for long-term follow-up. For statistical analysis, categorical and numerical items are required, thus a high-granular data structure must be defined and implemented in the clinical setting. Facing the limits of formalization, we developed an XML-based documentation scheme consisting of 619 items in eight tables and implemented it with state-of-the-art Intranet technology. At present detailed information on 88 @entity0 is recorded. The pacing device generates per @entity0 and follow-up visit a file consisting of approximately 400-500 parameters provided on a floppy disk, which are transferred by means of a specific interface into the database. Success factors for integration of a complex research database into the routine workflow of a busy university hospital are interfaces between data sources to enable non-redundant data entry, intensive fine tuning by iterative software engineering and benefit for the clinical users in form of clinical reports and @entity0 -specific summaries. Data quality must be assured by plausibility checks. To get an overview of this complex dataset we developed a dedicated visualization tool. Due to the high number of items a large @entity0 collective must be recruited for statistical evaluation. Interinstitutional cooperation is required for a consensus on common minimal documentation schemes to enable pooling of data.

title: Complexity of biomedical data models in cardiology: the Intranet-based XXXX registry.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to characterize prooxidant-antioxidant balance in @entity0 with different clinical types of @entity2 . Sixty previously untreated, pregnant @entity0 aged 16-38 years were included into this study. The gestational age ranged from 8 to 12 weeks. @entity0 were divided into three groups of 20 subjects each. The first group consisted of @entity0 with inevitable @entity4 . The second group included @entity0 with threatened @entity4 in whom pregnancy was maintained until term. The control group consisted of @entity0 with uncomplicated pregnancy. In all the @entity0 venous blood was collected immediately after the diagnosis was settled and before the treatment was commenced. Two biochemical markers of oxidative stress were quantified, namely: lipid @entity3 (LP) using spectrophotometric TBARS method and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) by means of the commercially available kits ( @entity1 : Randox Laboratories Ltd., U.K.). The obtained results indicate that @entity2 is accompanied by a profound disruption of the prooxidant-antioxidant homeostasis towards oxidative stress.

title: [The antioxidant-prooxidant balance in pregnancy complicated by XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Pregnancy induced @entity2 is believed to be a state of neutrophil overactivity, however all previous studies were done on isolated cells. DESIGN: To study neutrophil activity in whole blood of @entity7 @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Neutrophil activity was estimated without isolation, in peripheral whole blood of 23 @entity7 @entity0 and 26 normal pregnant controls. The chemiluminescence test was performed without any stimulation and upon stimulation of neutrophils with @entity8 , OZ and @entity6 , before and after pre-activation with @entity3 . The results were corrected according to the haemoglobin concentration and (%) of neutrophils. The percentage of whole blood neutrophils indicating expression of selectins @entity5 , @entity10 , integrin @entity4 and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of these molecules were studied on flow-cytometry. RESULTS: The study revealed that neutrophil chemiluminescence was not significantly higher in @entity7 @entity0 and after correction coefficient used it was even lower in @entity7 @entity0 . @entity3 preactivation had no influence on chemiluminescence results. Expression of @entity10 expressed as MFI value was significantly increased while that of @entity4 , expressed as (%) of positive cells and MFI value--decreased in @entity7 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Changes of neutrophil @entity10 and @entity9 expression indicate increased activity of these cells in @entity7 @entity0 , however low production of reactive @entity1 species estimated by corrected chemiluminescence test especially after @entity3 pre-activation, indicates that this form of their reactivity is rather "exhausted" during @entity7 .

title: [Parameters of peripheral whole blood neutrophil activity in @entity0 with pregnancy induced XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Pregnancy induced @entity2 is believed to be a state of neutrophil overactivity, however all previous studies were done on isolated cells. DESIGN: To study neutrophil activity in whole blood of @entity7 @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Neutrophil activity was estimated without isolation, in peripheral whole blood of 23 @entity7 @entity0 and 26 normal pregnant controls. The chemiluminescence test was performed without any stimulation and upon stimulation of neutrophils with @entity8 , OZ and @entity6 , before and after pre-activation with @entity3 . The results were corrected according to the haemoglobin concentration and (%) of neutrophils. The percentage of whole blood neutrophils indicating expression of selectins @entity5 , @entity10 , integrin @entity4 and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of these molecules were studied on flow-cytometry. RESULTS: The study revealed that neutrophil chemiluminescence was not significantly higher in @entity7 @entity0 and after correction coefficient used it was even lower in @entity7 @entity0 . @entity3 preactivation had no influence on chemiluminescence results. Expression of @entity10 expressed as MFI value was significantly increased while that of @entity4 , expressed as (%) of positive cells and MFI value--decreased in @entity7 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Changes of neutrophil @entity10 and @entity9 expression indicate increased activity of these cells in @entity7 @entity0 , however low production of reactive @entity1 species estimated by corrected chemiluminescence test especially after @entity3 pre-activation, indicates that this form of their reactivity is rather "exhausted" during @entity7 .

title: [Parameters of peripheral whole blood neutrophil activity in XXXX with pregnancy induced @entity2 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important in barrier homeostasis, but their role in airborne @entity1 is not fully understood. The aim was to evaluate baseline and allergen-induced expression of TLR proteins in nasal epithelium during @entity2 . Nineteen otherwise healthy non-smoking volunteers both @entity0 to birch pollen and non- @entity0 controls were enrolled. We took nasal biopsies before and after off-seasonal intranasal birch pollen or diluent challenge. The expression of epithelial @entity5 -7, @entity4 -10, and @entity3 proteins was immunohistochemically evaluated from the nasal biopsies. The @entity5 -3 and @entity7 -10 mRNAs were observed by RNA-microarray. Baseline epithelial expression of TLR proteins was wide and identical in controls and atopics. After off-seasonal intranasal birch pollen challenge, a negative change in the expression score of @entity5 and @entity6 proteins was detected in the atopic group. TLR mRNA expression was not affected by birch pollen challenge. Nasal epithelium seems to express all known TLRs. The mechanisms by which @entity5 , and @entity6 proteins could affect pollen allergen transport need further studies.

title: Expression of Toll-like receptors in nasal epithelium in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: We conducted a randomized trial to investigate whether systematic nodal dissection (SND) is superior to @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in surgical treatment of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: The @entity0 resectable clinical Stage I-IIIA @entity3 were randomly assigned to lung resection combined with SND or lung resection combined with @entity4 . After postoperative pathological re-staging, eligible cases were followed up until 30 November 2000. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis. COX proportional hazards model was used for prognostic analysis. RESULTS: Of the 532 @entity0 who were enrolled in the study, 268 @entity0 were assigned to lung resection combined with SND and 264 were assigned to lung resection combined with @entity4 . After surgical restaging only 471 cases were eligible for follow-up. The median survival was 59 months in the group given SND and 34 months in the group given @entity4 (P=0.0000 by the log rank test). There was significant difference in survival in Stage I (5-year survival 82.16 vs. 57.49%) and Stage IIIA (26.98 vs. 6.18%) by the log rank test and Breslow test. There was no significant yet marginal difference in survival by log rank test (10-year survival 32.04 vs. 26.92%, P=0.0523) but significant difference in survival by Breslow test (5-year survival 50.42 vs. 34.05%, P=0.0284) in Stage II. Types of mediastinal lymph node dissection, pTNM stage, @entity2 size and number of lymph node @entity1 were four factors that influenced long-term survival rate by multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: As compared with @entity4 , lobectomy (pneumonectomy) combined with SND can improve survival in resectable @entity3 .

title: A randomized trial of systematic nodal dissection in resectable XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The split-course concurrent thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) and full-dose chemotherapy for unresectable @entity1 ( @entity5 ) has produced promising results by comparison with the sequential approach. Instead of split-course radiation, we conducted a phase II study to investigate the feasibility of continuous concurrent TRT and chemotherapy. Twenty-two @entity0 with unresectable @entity5 were enrolled onto a phase II study of continuous concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Treatment consisted of two courses of @entity3 (80 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 29), @entity8 (3 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, 29 and 36), and @entity4 (8 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 29). TRT began on day 2 at a dose of 60 Gy (2 Gy per fraction and 5 fractions per week for a total of 30 fractions). Of 22 @entity0 assessable for response, none achieved a CR and 17 (77.3%) achieved a PR with an overall response rate of 77.3% (95% confidence interval, 54.6-92.2%). Grade 3 or 4 @entity6 was observed in 5/13 (81.8%) @entity0 . Six @entity0 (27.3%) experienced > or = grade 3 @entity2 . @entity7 was relatively mild. The overall median survival time was 19.0 months and the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 84.8 and 34.5%, respectively. It was possible to administer two courses of chemotherapy in 18 @entity0 (81.8%) as planned. Nineteen (86.4%) of the 22 @entity0 received the planned 60 Gy radiation. It seems to be difficult to administer the planned treatment without any interruption for the majority of @entity0 . However, in the selected @entity0 who completed the 60 Gy TRT, nearly half of the @entity0 completed TRT without interruption. This combination regimen is considered to be feasible on condition that the stopping rule of the treatment is followed. We recommend administering radiotherapy continuously as far as possible.

title: A phase II study of continuous concurrent thoracic radiotherapy in combination with @entity4 , @entity8 and XXXX in unresectable @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The split-course concurrent thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) and full-dose chemotherapy for unresectable @entity1 ( @entity5 ) has produced promising results by comparison with the sequential approach. Instead of split-course radiation, we conducted a phase II study to investigate the feasibility of continuous concurrent TRT and chemotherapy. Twenty-two @entity0 with unresectable @entity5 were enrolled onto a phase II study of continuous concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Treatment consisted of two courses of @entity3 (80 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 29), @entity8 (3 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, 29 and 36), and @entity4 (8 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 29). TRT began on day 2 at a dose of 60 Gy (2 Gy per fraction and 5 fractions per week for a total of 30 fractions). Of 22 @entity0 assessable for response, none achieved a CR and 17 (77.3%) achieved a PR with an overall response rate of 77.3% (95% confidence interval, 54.6-92.2%). Grade 3 or 4 @entity6 was observed in 5/13 (81.8%) @entity0 . Six @entity0 (27.3%) experienced > or = grade 3 @entity2 . @entity7 was relatively mild. The overall median survival time was 19.0 months and the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 84.8 and 34.5%, respectively. It was possible to administer two courses of chemotherapy in 18 @entity0 (81.8%) as planned. Nineteen (86.4%) of the 22 @entity0 received the planned 60 Gy radiation. It seems to be difficult to administer the planned treatment without any interruption for the majority of @entity0 . However, in the selected @entity0 who completed the 60 Gy TRT, nearly half of the @entity0 completed TRT without interruption. This combination regimen is considered to be feasible on condition that the stopping rule of the treatment is followed. We recommend administering radiotherapy continuously as far as possible.

title: A phase II study of continuous concurrent thoracic radiotherapy in combination with XXXX , @entity8 and @entity3 in unresectable @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The split-course concurrent thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) and full-dose chemotherapy for unresectable @entity1 ( @entity5 ) has produced promising results by comparison with the sequential approach. Instead of split-course radiation, we conducted a phase II study to investigate the feasibility of continuous concurrent TRT and chemotherapy. Twenty-two @entity0 with unresectable @entity5 were enrolled onto a phase II study of continuous concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Treatment consisted of two courses of @entity3 (80 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 29), @entity8 (3 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, 29 and 36), and @entity4 (8 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 29). TRT began on day 2 at a dose of 60 Gy (2 Gy per fraction and 5 fractions per week for a total of 30 fractions). Of 22 @entity0 assessable for response, none achieved a CR and 17 (77.3%) achieved a PR with an overall response rate of 77.3% (95% confidence interval, 54.6-92.2%). Grade 3 or 4 @entity6 was observed in 5/13 (81.8%) @entity0 . Six @entity0 (27.3%) experienced > or = grade 3 @entity2 . @entity7 was relatively mild. The overall median survival time was 19.0 months and the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 84.8 and 34.5%, respectively. It was possible to administer two courses of chemotherapy in 18 @entity0 (81.8%) as planned. Nineteen (86.4%) of the 22 @entity0 received the planned 60 Gy radiation. It seems to be difficult to administer the planned treatment without any interruption for the majority of @entity0 . However, in the selected @entity0 who completed the 60 Gy TRT, nearly half of the @entity0 completed TRT without interruption. This combination regimen is considered to be feasible on condition that the stopping rule of the treatment is followed. We recommend administering radiotherapy continuously as far as possible.

title: A phase II study of continuous concurrent thoracic radiotherapy in combination with @entity4 , XXXX and @entity3 in unresectable @entity1 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The split-course concurrent thoracic radiation therapy (TRT) and full-dose chemotherapy for unresectable @entity1 ( @entity5 ) has produced promising results by comparison with the sequential approach. Instead of split-course radiation, we conducted a phase II study to investigate the feasibility of continuous concurrent TRT and chemotherapy. Twenty-two @entity0 with unresectable @entity5 were enrolled onto a phase II study of continuous concurrent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Treatment consisted of two courses of @entity3 (80 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 29), @entity8 (3 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, 29 and 36), and @entity4 (8 mg/m(2) on days 1 and 29). TRT began on day 2 at a dose of 60 Gy (2 Gy per fraction and 5 fractions per week for a total of 30 fractions). Of 22 @entity0 assessable for response, none achieved a CR and 17 (77.3%) achieved a PR with an overall response rate of 77.3% (95% confidence interval, 54.6-92.2%). Grade 3 or 4 @entity6 was observed in 5/13 (81.8%) @entity0 . Six @entity0 (27.3%) experienced > or = grade 3 @entity2 . @entity7 was relatively mild. The overall median survival time was 19.0 months and the 1- and 2-year survival rates were 84.8 and 34.5%, respectively. It was possible to administer two courses of chemotherapy in 18 @entity0 (81.8%) as planned. Nineteen (86.4%) of the 22 @entity0 received the planned 60 Gy radiation. It seems to be difficult to administer the planned treatment without any interruption for the majority of @entity0 . However, in the selected @entity0 who completed the 60 Gy TRT, nearly half of the @entity0 completed TRT without interruption. This combination regimen is considered to be feasible on condition that the stopping rule of the treatment is followed. We recommend administering radiotherapy continuously as far as possible.

title: A phase II study of continuous concurrent thoracic radiotherapy in combination with @entity4 , @entity8 and @entity3 in unresectable XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Interstitial triplications in conjunction with @entity9 ( @entity9 ) have been rarely reported. Here we report on a @entity0 with de novo triplication at 11q13.4-q14.3 and @entity9 for 11q14.3-qter. Chromosomal analysis showed a karyotype of 46, XYqh+, der (11), and normal parental karyotypes. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array detected an 18.7   Mb copy number gain consistent with tetrasomy for 11q13.4-q14.3 (chr11:71,002,347 bp-89,725,167 bp, hg19) and absence of heterozygosity for a 45   Mb stretch on 11q and consistent with @entity9 at 11q14.3-qter (chr11:89,843,477 bp-134,930,689 bp, hg19) in our @entity0 . FISH analysis using two probes on both sides of the tetrasomic region showed an inverted 11q13.4-q14.3 region between two direct oriented 11q13.4-q14.3 segments (11q13.4-q14.3::11q14.3-q13.4::11q13.4-qter). Previously reported features of duplication overlapping 11q13-q14 showed clinical variability. Our @entity0 presented with some of those frequently described features, such as @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity7 but without @entity5 . Moreover, our @entity0 had in addition a @entity1 ( @entity2 and partial absence of @entity8 ) which has not been reported. To our knowledge, this is the sixth @entity0 reported an intrachromosomal triplication together with @entity9 . Interstitial 11q duplication overlapping 11q13-q14 is associated with @entity6 / @entity4 , @entity7 , and @entity3 but also other malformations.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: De novo 11q13.4q14.3 tetrasomy with XXXX for 11q14.3qter.

answer: @entity9


abstract: UNASSIGNED: When a phenotype of interest is associated with an external/internal covariate, covariate inclusion in quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses can diminish residual variation and subsequently enhance the ability of QTL detection. In the in vitro synthesis of @entity6 ( @entity5 ), the main fragrance compound in @entity0 , the thermal processing during the Maillard-type reaction between @entity1 and @entity2 reduction produces a @entity4 . Hence, for the first time, we included the @entity1 @entity3 , an important precursor of @entity5 , as a covariate in our QTL mapping analyses to precisely explore the genetic factors affecting natural variation for @entity0 scent. Consequently, two QTLs were traced on chromosomes 4 and 8. They explained from 20% to 49% of the total aroma phenotypic variance. Additionally, by saturating the interval harboring the major QTL using gene-based primers, a putative allele of fgr (major genetic determinant of fragrance) was mapped in the QTL on the 8th chromosome in the interval RM223-SCU015RM (1.63 cM). These loci supported previous studies of different accessions. Such QTLs can be widely used by breeders in crop improvement programs and for further fine mapping. Moreover, no previous studies and findings were found on simultaneous assessment of the relationship among @entity5 , @entity1 and fragrance QTLs. Therefore, our findings can help further our understanding of the metabolomic and genetic basis of @entity5 biosynthesis in aromatic @entity0 .

title: Application of an Effective Statistical Technique for an Accurate and Powerful Mining of Quantitative Trait Loci for XXXX Aroma Trait.

answer: @entity0


abstract: It is not known whether @entity3 results in a systemic acute phase response (APR) or whether an APR influences outcome after an insult to the CNS. The present study sought to establish whether @entity8 elicits a systemic or local APR. The expression of @entity9 ( @entity9 ) mRNA in liver and brain tissues was measured by Taqman reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction after an excitotoxic lesion in the striatum or challenge with a proinflammatory cytokine. @entity7 ( @entity4 )-induced @entity2 did not elicit a systemic APR. In contrast, proinflammatory challenge with @entity0 recombinant @entity5 (mrIL-1beta) resulted in a significant hepatic @entity9 mRNA expression within 6 hours. Thus, an inflammatory challenge that results in a @entity6 leads to a hepatic APR, whereas @entity3 alone, with no evidence of a @entity6 , does not produce an APR. This is surprising because @entity4 leads to an increase in endogenous @entity5 synthesis. This suggests that the brain has an endogenous antiinflammatory mechanism, which protects against the spread of @entity1 after an acute injury. In the brain, both @entity2 and proinflammatory challenge resulted in a profound parenchymal upregulation of @entity9 mRNA after 6 and 12 hours in the injected hemisphere. These results suggest that the local APR may play a role as an antiinflammatory mechanism. These findings indicate a potentially pivotal role for peripheral and local @entity9 production on outcome after @entity8 .

title: The systemic and local acute phase response following XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Detection of @entity6 remains problematic in neonates. Near-infrared spectroscopy, a noninvasive bedside technology has potential, although thresholds for @entity6 have not been defined. This study determined @entity2 -ischemic thresholds for cerebral @entity0 saturation ( @entity7 ) in terms of EEG, brain @entity3 , and @entity5 concentrations, and compared these values with CBF and sagittal sinus @entity0 saturation (SVO2). Sixty anesthetized piglets were equipped with near-infrared spectroscopy, EEG, laser-Doppler flowmetry, and a sagittal sinus catheter. After baseline, @entity7 levels of less than 20%, 20% to 29%, 30% to 39%, 40% to 49%, 50% to 59%, 60% to 79%, or 80% or greater were recorded for 30 minutes of normoxic normocapnia, hypercapnic @entity4 , or bilateral @entity1 with or without arterial @entity2 . Brain @entity3 and @entity5 concentrations were measured biochemically. Logistic and linear regression determined the @entity7 , CBF, and SVO2 thresholds for abnormal EEG, @entity3 , and @entity5 findings. Baseline @entity7 was 68 + 5%. The @entity7 thresholds for increased @entity5 , minor and major EEG change, and decreased @entity3 were 44 +/- 1%, 42 +/- 5%, 37 +/- 1%, and 33 +/- 1%. The @entity7 correlated linearly with SVO2 (r = 0.98) and CBF (r = 0.89), with corresponding SVO2 thresholds of 23%, 20%, 13%, and 8%, and CBF thresholds (% baseline) of 56%, 52%, 42%, and 36%. Thus, @entity6 near-infrared spectroscopy thresholds for functional impairment are @entity7 33% to 44%, a range that is well below baseline @entity7 of 68%, suggesting a buffer between normal and dysfunction that also exists for CBF and SVO2.

title: Near-infrared spectroscopy cerebral @entity0 saturation thresholds for XXXX -ischemia in piglets.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Detection of @entity6 remains problematic in neonates. Near-infrared spectroscopy, a noninvasive bedside technology has potential, although thresholds for @entity6 have not been defined. This study determined @entity2 -ischemic thresholds for cerebral @entity0 saturation ( @entity7 ) in terms of EEG, brain @entity3 , and @entity5 concentrations, and compared these values with CBF and sagittal sinus @entity0 saturation (SVO2). Sixty anesthetized piglets were equipped with near-infrared spectroscopy, EEG, laser-Doppler flowmetry, and a sagittal sinus catheter. After baseline, @entity7 levels of less than 20%, 20% to 29%, 30% to 39%, 40% to 49%, 50% to 59%, 60% to 79%, or 80% or greater were recorded for 30 minutes of normoxic normocapnia, hypercapnic @entity4 , or bilateral @entity1 with or without arterial @entity2 . Brain @entity3 and @entity5 concentrations were measured biochemically. Logistic and linear regression determined the @entity7 , CBF, and SVO2 thresholds for abnormal EEG, @entity3 , and @entity5 findings. Baseline @entity7 was 68 + 5%. The @entity7 thresholds for increased @entity5 , minor and major EEG change, and decreased @entity3 were 44 +/- 1%, 42 +/- 5%, 37 +/- 1%, and 33 +/- 1%. The @entity7 correlated linearly with SVO2 (r = 0.98) and CBF (r = 0.89), with corresponding SVO2 thresholds of 23%, 20%, 13%, and 8%, and CBF thresholds (% baseline) of 56%, 52%, 42%, and 36%. Thus, @entity6 near-infrared spectroscopy thresholds for functional impairment are @entity7 33% to 44%, a range that is well below baseline @entity7 of 68%, suggesting a buffer between normal and dysfunction that also exists for CBF and SVO2.

title: Near-infrared spectroscopy cerebral XXXX saturation thresholds for @entity2 -ischemia in piglets.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study sought to determine the relationship between Youth Self Report (YSR) scores for @entity2 , YSR scores for social competence, and metabolic control in @entity0 and adolescents with Type 1 @entity1 . Using a cross sectional design, 234 individuals between 11 and 18 years old were given the YSR at regular clinic appointments; glycosylated hemoglobin (GHb) was also measured. More than 50% of subjects showed GHb levels above 9%; the normal GHb level is 4.2% to 5.8%. Individuals reporting a greater number of @entity2 , though not in the pathological range on the @entity2 , delinquent behaviors, and attention problems subscales of the YSR, were more than twice as likely to have GHb levels above 9%. Using logistic regression the externalizing scale ( @entity2 and delinquent behaviors combined) predicted elevated GHb at 2.41, p =.003. Youth in this study were middle-class and were receiving subspecialty care. Yet, over half of them had GHb levels above the recommended 9%. The psychological health of youth should be monitored at regular intervals. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether @entity2 , delinquent behaviors, and attention problems in @entity0 and adolescents with Type 1 @entity1 result later in @entity3 and elevated levels of GHb in these same individuals or whether these elevations are transient. Interviews could be supplemented with instruments such as the YSR and care given for those with a higher number of self-reported problems.

title: Psychosocial factors associated with levels of metabolic control in youth with type 1 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if corneal epithelial thickness increases in association with @entity2 induced by wearing soft contact lenses during eye closure. DESIGN: Experimental study. METHODS: One eye (randomly selected) of twenty noncontact lens wearers (10 males and 10 females, age 35.6 +/- 9.6 years) was patched during 3 hours of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) wear and the contralateral eye acted as a control. Corneal and epithelial thickness of both eyes was measured before and after @entity3 wear using optical coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS: Immediately after contact lens @entity1 was increased significantly by 13.8 +/- 2.3% (mean +/- SD) compared with baseline (P <.0001, paired t test) and after 100 minutes was still 4.5 +/- 2.3% thicker than baseline (P <.0001, paired t test). The control eyes showed no change in total corneal thickness (P >.05, paired t test). Immediately after contact lens removal, corneal epithelial thickness was increased by 1.7 +/- 4.8%, but this change was not statistically significant (P >.05, paired t test). Following contact lens removal, epithelial thickness changed significantly (Repeated measure analysis of variance [Re-ANOVA]: F((7,133)) = 4.91, p(H-F) < 0.001) over the next 100 minutes with thinning recorded at 60, 80, and 100 minutes (P <.05, paired t test). There was no significant change over time in epithelial thickness of the control eyes (Re-ANOVA: F(4, 76) = 0.91, p(H-F) = 0.464). CONCLUSION: OCT demonstrated that corneal epithelial thickness does not increase in response to @entity0 from @entity3 wear and eye closure, in contrast to a significant @entity1 .

title: The measurement of corneal epithelial thickness in response to XXXX using optical coherence tomography.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite current interest in the biology and diagnostic applications of cell-free DNA in plasma and serum, the cellular origin of this DNA is poorly understood. We used a sex-mismatched bone marrow transplantation model to study the relative contribution of @entity1 and nonhematopoietic cells to circulating DNA. METHODS: We studied 22 sex-mismatched bone marrow transplantation @entity0 . Paired buffy coat and plasma samples were obtained from all 22 patients. Matching serum samples were also obtained from seven of them. Plasma DNA, serum DNA, and buffy coat were quantified by real-time PCR of the @entity3 and @entity2 gene DNA. To investigate the effects of blood drawing and other preanalytical variables on plasma DNA concentrations, blood samples were also collected from 14 individuals who had not received transplants. The effects of blood sampling by syringe and needle, centrifugation, and time delay in blood processing were studied. RESULTS: The median percentage of Y-chromosome DNA in the plasma in female @entity0 receiving bone marrow from male donors (59.5%) differed significantly (P <0.001) from that in the male @entity0 receiving bone marrow from female donors (6.9%). This indicated that plasma DNA in the bone marrow transplantation recipients was predominantly of donor origin. Compared with paired plasma samples, serum samples had a median 14-fold higher DNA concentration, with the additional DNA being of donor origin. Control experiments indicated that none of the three tested preanalytical variables contributed to a significant change in cell-free DNA concentration. CONCLUSIONS: After bone marrow transplantation, the DNA in plasma and serum is predominantly @entity1 in origin. Apart from the biological implications of this observation, this finding suggests that plasma and serum can be used as alternative materials for the study of postbone marrow transplantation chimerism.

title: Predominant XXXX origin of cell-free DNA in plasma and serum after sex-mismatched bone marrow transplantation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 is one of the most common and worrisome complications of post-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). This study aimed at evaluating the safety, effectiveness of utilization of the absorbable hemostatic gauze cover renal tract for @entity3 of post-PCNL. The prospective study including 188 @entity0 with upper urinary tract calculi was carried out in the department of Urology at Linyi @entity0 's Hospital from November 2011 to September 2013. All @entity0 underwent PCNL procedures and they were divided into two groups randomly before the procedure. Group A (n=91) was indwelled a 16F catheter as nephrostomy tube at the end of the surgery, Group B (n=97) was indwelled a 14F catheter covered with absorbable hemostatic gauze for hemostasis. @entity2 was estimated based on the mass of hemoglobin in the draining liquid and urine during postoperative duration by HiCN method. The average @entity2 was 25.76  23.99 g for Group A, and 14.25  6.87 g for Group B, respectively, with statistical difference by comparison (P<0.05). The delta hemoglobin was 16.24  10.98 mmol/L for Group A, and 10.71  5.57 mmol/L for Group B, respectively, also with statistical difference by comparison (P<0.05). Nephrostomy channel applications of absorbable hemostatic gauze after PCNL can significantly reduce @entity1 . Utilizing the absorbable hemostatic gauze for post-PCNL @entity3 is safe, effective and feasible.

title: Improved nephrostomy tube can reduce percutaneous XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The immunotoxin, ricin-mAb 35, composed of ricin conjugated to a monoclonal antibody against the nicotinic @entity2 receptor of skeletal muscle, has been proposed as a potential new agent for treatment of focal @entity3 . It has been demonstrated that direct injection of ricin-mAb 35 into @entity0 extraocular muscle (EOM) results in significant @entity1 within 1 week. In this study, the long-term myopathic effects of ricin-mAb 35 on extraocular muscle were investigated. METHODS: @entity0 superior rectus muscles were injected with ricin-mAb 35 at a dose of 0.2 microg/kg, with the contralateral superior rectus muscle serving as the control. After 56 days, 105 days, and 1 year, the superior rectus muscles were removed and prepared for light or electron microscopy. Postinjection changes in muscle fiber morphometry and ultrastructure were examined. Immunohistochemical markers were used to identify inflammatory cellular infiltrate and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) isoform expression. RESULTS: Despite evidence of ongoing regeneration, treated muscles continued to show a decrease in both myofiber number and in total cross-sectional area 56 and 105 days after injection. Individual myofiber cross-sectional areas were markedly heterogeneous at 56 days. Myofiber number and muscle cross-sectional area returned to normal 1 year after injection, but pronounced heterogeneity of myofiber size remained. The most significant changes in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) isoform expression occurred in the orbital layer, where, at 56 and 105 days, there were increased numbers of fast and neonatal myofibers and decreased numbers of slow myofibers. In the global layer, after both 105 days and 1 year, there was a decrease in myofibers that were positive for slow, neonatal, and developmental @entity4 expression. CONCLUSIONS: EOM injection with ricin-mAb 35 results in a sustained decrease in muscle mass at 105 days after injection, with subtler morphometric changes persisting even to 1 year. Changes in muscle force development as a result of ricin-mAb 35 injection are currently under investigation. This novel immunotoxin may be useful in the treatment of strabismus if these studies show sustained weakness in treated muscles.

title: Long-term effects of ricin-mAb 35 on extraocular muscles of XXXX : potential treatment for strabismus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ), a malignancy-associated secreted phosphoprotein, is a prognostic plasma biomarker for survival in metastatic @entity0 @entity1 . We evaluated the role of @entity2 in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 in predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and association with survival. Fifty-three @entity1 with non-metastatic @entity0 were enrolled in this study and monitored serially for plasma @entity2 levels by ELISA during neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to surgery. For fifty @entity1 who had baseline @entity2 levels available for analysis, the median baseline @entity2 level was 63.6 ng/ml. Median @entity1 follow up was 45 months and thirteen @entity1 died from metastatic disease. @entity1 with baseline @entity2 levels >=  63.6 ng/ml were significantly more likely to die of their disease than those with baseline @entity2 < 63.6 ng/mL (Hazard Ratio = 3.4; 95% confidence interval 1.4-11.3; P = 0.011), and overall, baseline @entity2 level was significantly associated with survival (P = 0.002). There was little support for value of serial @entity2 determination in monitoring response to therapy in this @entity1 population. Although the percentage of @entity1 with baseline @entity2 levels < 63.6 ng/ml was higher in @entity1 with pathological complete response than in those with no response, the difference was not statistically significant (64% and 14%, respectively (P = 0.066)). Thus, baseline plasma @entity2 level is a prognostic biomarker in this group of @entity0 @entity1 , and could also be helpful in identifying @entity0 @entity1 who will respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Our results call for validation of our findings in large prospective trial data sets.

title: Role of plasma @entity2 as a biomarker in locally advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ), a malignancy-associated secreted phosphoprotein, is a prognostic plasma biomarker for survival in metastatic @entity0 @entity1 . We evaluated the role of @entity2 in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) @entity1 in predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and association with survival. Fifty-three @entity1 with non-metastatic @entity0 were enrolled in this study and monitored serially for plasma @entity2 levels by ELISA during neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to surgery. For fifty @entity1 who had baseline @entity2 levels available for analysis, the median baseline @entity2 level was 63.6 ng/ml. Median @entity1 follow up was 45 months and thirteen @entity1 died from metastatic disease. @entity1 with baseline @entity2 levels >=  63.6 ng/ml were significantly more likely to die of their disease than those with baseline @entity2 < 63.6 ng/mL (Hazard Ratio = 3.4; 95% confidence interval 1.4-11.3; P = 0.011), and overall, baseline @entity2 level was significantly associated with survival (P = 0.002). There was little support for value of serial @entity2 determination in monitoring response to therapy in this @entity1 population. Although the percentage of @entity1 with baseline @entity2 levels < 63.6 ng/ml was higher in @entity1 with pathological complete response than in those with no response, the difference was not statistically significant (64% and 14%, respectively (P = 0.066)). Thus, baseline plasma @entity2 level is a prognostic biomarker in this group of @entity0 @entity1 , and could also be helpful in identifying @entity0 @entity1 who will respond to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Our results call for validation of our findings in large prospective trial data sets.

title: Role of plasma XXXX as a biomarker in locally advanced @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare T2-weighted breath-hold single-shot fast @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity4 -enhanced spoiled gradient-echo (GRE) MR imaging with contrast material administered orally and rectally for evaluating @entity0 with @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity0 with @entity2 received 2% @entity5 and water enema. The abdomen and pelvis were imaged with transverse and coronal single-shot fast @entity6 and @entity4 -enhanced spoiled GRE MR imaging. Two radiologists reviewed the two types of images for @entity1 . The extent, severity, and conspicuity of the disease were determined. Proof of @entity1 at MR imaging was compared with that at endoscopy, barium study, and surgery. Statistical analysis was performed with the McNemar test. RESULTS: Twenty-five of 28 @entity0 had proven abnormal bowel segments. The per- @entity0 sensitivity of @entity4 -enhanced spoiled GRE MR imaging for the two radiologists was 100% and 96% versus 60% and 60% (P <.05) with single-shot fast @entity6 MR imaging. @entity4 -enhanced spoiled GRE MR images depicted more segments (54 and 52 of 61 segments; sensitivity, 89% and 85%, respectively) of the diseased bowel than did single-shot fast @entity6 MR images (31 and 32 of 61 segments; sensitivity, 51% and 52%, respectively; P <.001). Severity of @entity2 was correctly depicted at @entity4 -enhanced spoiled GRE imaging in 93% of @entity0 versus in 43% of @entity0 at single-shot fast @entity6 imaging. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with @entity2 , @entity4 -enhanced fat-suppressed spoiled GRE MR imaging better depicted the extent and severity of @entity3 compared with single-shot fast @entity6 imaging.

title: @entity2 with endoscopic correlation: single-shot fast @entity6 and XXXX -enhanced fat-suppressed spoiled gradient-echo MR imaging.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare T2-weighted breath-hold single-shot fast @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity4 -enhanced spoiled gradient-echo (GRE) MR imaging with contrast material administered orally and rectally for evaluating @entity0 with @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity0 with @entity2 received 2% @entity5 and water enema. The abdomen and pelvis were imaged with transverse and coronal single-shot fast @entity6 and @entity4 -enhanced spoiled GRE MR imaging. Two radiologists reviewed the two types of images for @entity1 . The extent, severity, and conspicuity of the disease were determined. Proof of @entity1 at MR imaging was compared with that at endoscopy, barium study, and surgery. Statistical analysis was performed with the McNemar test. RESULTS: Twenty-five of 28 @entity0 had proven abnormal bowel segments. The per- @entity0 sensitivity of @entity4 -enhanced spoiled GRE MR imaging for the two radiologists was 100% and 96% versus 60% and 60% (P <.05) with single-shot fast @entity6 MR imaging. @entity4 -enhanced spoiled GRE MR images depicted more segments (54 and 52 of 61 segments; sensitivity, 89% and 85%, respectively) of the diseased bowel than did single-shot fast @entity6 MR images (31 and 32 of 61 segments; sensitivity, 51% and 52%, respectively; P <.001). Severity of @entity2 was correctly depicted at @entity4 -enhanced spoiled GRE imaging in 93% of @entity0 versus in 43% of @entity0 at single-shot fast @entity6 imaging. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with @entity2 , @entity4 -enhanced fat-suppressed spoiled GRE MR imaging better depicted the extent and severity of @entity3 compared with single-shot fast @entity6 imaging.

title: @entity2 with endoscopic correlation: single-shot fast XXXX and @entity4 -enhanced fat-suppressed spoiled gradient-echo MR imaging.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare T2-weighted breath-hold single-shot fast @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity4 -enhanced spoiled gradient-echo (GRE) MR imaging with contrast material administered orally and rectally for evaluating @entity0 with @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity0 with @entity2 received 2% @entity5 and water enema. The abdomen and pelvis were imaged with transverse and coronal single-shot fast @entity6 and @entity4 -enhanced spoiled GRE MR imaging. Two radiologists reviewed the two types of images for @entity1 . The extent, severity, and conspicuity of the disease were determined. Proof of @entity1 at MR imaging was compared with that at endoscopy, barium study, and surgery. Statistical analysis was performed with the McNemar test. RESULTS: Twenty-five of 28 @entity0 had proven abnormal bowel segments. The per- @entity0 sensitivity of @entity4 -enhanced spoiled GRE MR imaging for the two radiologists was 100% and 96% versus 60% and 60% (P <.05) with single-shot fast @entity6 MR imaging. @entity4 -enhanced spoiled GRE MR images depicted more segments (54 and 52 of 61 segments; sensitivity, 89% and 85%, respectively) of the diseased bowel than did single-shot fast @entity6 MR images (31 and 32 of 61 segments; sensitivity, 51% and 52%, respectively; P <.001). Severity of @entity2 was correctly depicted at @entity4 -enhanced spoiled GRE imaging in 93% of @entity0 versus in 43% of @entity0 at single-shot fast @entity6 imaging. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with @entity2 , @entity4 -enhanced fat-suppressed spoiled GRE MR imaging better depicted the extent and severity of @entity3 compared with single-shot fast @entity6 imaging.

title: XXXX with endoscopic correlation: single-shot fast @entity6 and @entity4 -enhanced fat-suppressed spoiled gradient-echo MR imaging.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although inhaled @entity2 have an established role in the treatment of @entity3 , studies have tended to concentrate on non-smokers and little is known about the possible effect of cigarette smoking on the efficacy of treatment with inhaled @entity1 in @entity3 . A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of active cigarette smoking on responses to treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in @entity0 with mild @entity3 . METHODS: The effect of treatment with inhaled @entity5 (1000 microg daily) or placebo for 3 weeks was studied in a double blind, prospective, randomised, placebo controlled study of 38 steroid na  ve adult @entity4 @entity0 (21 non-smokers). Efficacy was assessed using morning and evening peak expiratory flow (PEF) readings, spirometric parameters, @entity6 , and sputum eosinophil counts. Comparison was made between responses to treatment in non-smoking and smoking @entity4 @entity0 . RESULTS: There was a significantly greater increase in mean morning PEF in non-smokers than in smokers following inhaled @entity5 (27 l/min v -5 l/min). Non-smokers had a statistically significant increase in mean morning PEF (27 l/min), mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (0.17 l), and geometric mean PC20 (2.6 doubling doses), and a significant decrease in the proportion of sputum eosinophils (-1.75%) after @entity5 compared with placebo. No significant changes were observed in the smoking @entity4 @entity0 for any of these parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Active cigarette smoking impairs the efficacy of short term inhaled corticosteroid treatment in mild @entity3 . This finding has important implications for the management of @entity0 with mild @entity3 who smoke.

title: Influence of cigarette smoking on inhaled corticosteroid treatment in mild XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In 1938, S  zary and Bouvrain reported a new form of disseminated @entity4 , characterized by an erythrodermia, and by the presence in the blood of cells with a cerebriform nucleus. It was shown later that this disease was related to the proliferation of a subpopulation of @entity2 + T lymphocytes. With the aim to develop new therapeutic strategies for these @entity4 , we tried to evidence and to characterize the @entity1 -specific immune responses in these @entity5 . We have isolated several T cell clones from lymphocytes infiltrating a @entity0 MHC class II negative @entity5 . We describe here two of these clones, TC5 and TC7, with respectively a @entity2 + @entity3 + and @entity2 + @entity3 - phenotype. Both clones mediated a specific MHC class I-restricted cytotoxic activity toward the fresh @entity1 cells, and @entity1 cell lines previously established with @entity6 and @entity7 from the skin and from the blood. Analysis of the T-cell receptor V beta gene expression revealed that the @entity1 cells, that were shown to have a trisomy 7 by fluorescent in situ hybridization, expressed V beta 7/J beta 2.3, V beta 13/J beta 2.5 and V beta 22/J beta 2.5 rearrangements. Phenotypic analysis using specific anti-V beta monoclonal antibodies indicated that only V beta 13 could be detected on the cell membrane of the @entity1 cells. Analysis of the TCR V beta gene expression of the clones showed that TC5 and TC7 expressed a unique TCR-V beta transcript, corresponding respectively to V beta 5/J beta 2.3 and V beta 17/J beta 2.7 gene segments. To determine whether these reactive T lymphocytes were present in vivo, we used specific primers corresponding to TC5 and TC7-V beta TCR transcripts. The results demonstrated that both cytotoxic T cell clones were present at the lesional skin site and amplified in vitro. @entity8 was found in the @entity0 peripheral blood invaded by tumoral cells, whereas TC5 was not, indicating that the repertoire of the reactional lymphocytes differs in the blood and at the @entity1 site. These results demonstrate for the first time the presence of reactive T lymphocytes with @entity2 or double positive phenotype infiltrating a CTCL. These findings raise new perspectives for the treatment of @entity5 .

title: [ XXXX of the S  zary and Bouvrain type. Progress in physiopathologic and therapeutic outlook].

answer: @entity4


abstract: 2,683 cardiothoracic operations were carried out over a 3-year period. @entity0 requiring haemofiltration after surgery had a much greater mortality than those not haemofiltered. Of the 1,177 cardiothoracic intensive care unit (ICU) @entity0 , 91 required haemofiltration for @entity2 ( @entity2 ; 7.7%). Of the 1,506 cardiothoracic high-dependency unit @entity0 13 were transferred to the renal unit for dialysis (0.86%). Mortality for cardiothoracic @entity0 overall was 14.4% and for those who required haemofiltration 58.7%. 74 of these haemofiltered @entity0 had normal renal function preoperatively; mortality 61%. 15 @entity0 had pre-existing @entity1 ; mortality 53.3%. 15 @entity0 were on dialysis prior to surgery; mortality 60%. Age was not a predictor of requirement for renal replacement therapy or of mortality. Operation type was a risk factor for @entity2 : of @entity0 having a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) 2.4% were filtered (mortality 37.8%), of @entity0 having valve replacements 14.2% were haemofiltered (mortality 60.9%), and of the @entity0 having redo-CABGs or redo-valve replacements 12.3% required haemofiltration (mortality 100%).

title: XXXX after cardiothoracic surgery: a review of three years experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: T cells that can respond to self-antigens are present in the peripheral immune repertoire of all healthy individuals. Recently we have found that unmanipulated SJL @entity0 that are highly susceptible to @entity2 also maintain a very high frequency of T cells responding to an encephalitogenic epitope of a myelin antigen proteolipid protein ( @entity3 ) 139-151 in the peripheral repertoire. This is not due to lack of expression of myelin antigens in the thymus resulting in escape of @entity3 139-151 reactive cells from central tolerance, but is due to expression of a splice variant of @entity3 named @entity3 , which lacks the residues 116-150. In spite of this high frequency, the @entity3 139-151 reactive cells remain undifferentiated in the periphery and do not induce spontaneous @entity2 . In contrast, SJL TCR @entity0 expressing a receptor derived from a pathogenic T cell clone do develop spontaneous disease. This may be because in normal @entity0 , autoreactive cells are kept in check by an alternate @entity3 139-151 reactive nonpathogenic repertoire, which maintains a balance that keeps them healthy. If this is the case, selective activation of one repertoire or the other may alter susceptibility to @entity1 . Since T cells are generally cross-reactive, besides responding to nonself-antigens, they also maintain significant responses to self-antigens. Based on the @entity3 139-151 system, we propose a model in which activation with foreign antigens can result in the generation of pathogenic memory T cells that mediate autoimmunity. We also outline circumstances under which activation of self-reactive T cells with foreign antigens can generate selective tolerance and thus generate protective/regulatory memory against self while still maintaining significant responses against foreign antigens. This provides a mechanism by which the fidelity and specificity of the immune system against foreign antigens is improved without increasing the potential for developing an @entity1 .

title: T cell response in XXXX ( @entity2 ): role of self and cross-reactive antigens in shaping, tuning, and regulating the autopathogenic T cell repertoire.

answer: @entity2


abstract: T cells that can respond to self-antigens are present in the peripheral immune repertoire of all healthy individuals. Recently we have found that unmanipulated SJL @entity0 that are highly susceptible to @entity2 also maintain a very high frequency of T cells responding to an encephalitogenic epitope of a myelin antigen proteolipid protein ( @entity3 ) 139-151 in the peripheral repertoire. This is not due to lack of expression of myelin antigens in the thymus resulting in escape of @entity3 139-151 reactive cells from central tolerance, but is due to expression of a splice variant of @entity3 named @entity3 , which lacks the residues 116-150. In spite of this high frequency, the @entity3 139-151 reactive cells remain undifferentiated in the periphery and do not induce spontaneous @entity2 . In contrast, SJL TCR @entity0 expressing a receptor derived from a pathogenic T cell clone do develop spontaneous disease. This may be because in normal @entity0 , autoreactive cells are kept in check by an alternate @entity3 139-151 reactive nonpathogenic repertoire, which maintains a balance that keeps them healthy. If this is the case, selective activation of one repertoire or the other may alter susceptibility to @entity1 . Since T cells are generally cross-reactive, besides responding to nonself-antigens, they also maintain significant responses to self-antigens. Based on the @entity3 139-151 system, we propose a model in which activation with foreign antigens can result in the generation of pathogenic memory T cells that mediate autoimmunity. We also outline circumstances under which activation of self-reactive T cells with foreign antigens can generate selective tolerance and thus generate protective/regulatory memory against self while still maintaining significant responses against foreign antigens. This provides a mechanism by which the fidelity and specificity of the immune system against foreign antigens is improved without increasing the potential for developing an @entity1 .

title: T cell response in @entity2 ( XXXX ): role of self and cross-reactive antigens in shaping, tuning, and regulating the autopathogenic T cell repertoire.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Acid-base balance has been studied in 21 @entity0 with @entity1 . A low plasma @entity7 concentration was found in nine @entity0 , accompanied in each case by a base deficit of more than 3 mEq/litre, indicating a @entity3 . Three @entity0 had a low blood pH. Hyperlactataemia appeared to be a major cause of the @entity3 . This was not accompanied by a raised blood @entity6 concentration. The hyperlactataemia could not be accounted for on the basis of hyperventilation, intravenous infusion of @entity2 , or arterial hypoxaemia. Before blood transfusion it was most pronounced in @entity0 who were clinically shocked, suggesting that it may have resulted from poor tissue perfusion and anaerobic glycolysis. Blood transfusion resulted in a rise in lactate concentration in seven @entity0 who were not clinically shocked, and failed to reverse a severe uncompensated @entity3 in a @entity0 who was clinically shocked. These effects of blood transfusion are probably due to the fact that red blood cells in stored bank blood, with added acid- @entity5 - @entity2 solution, metabolize the @entity2 anaerobically to @entity4 . Monitoring of acid-base balance is recommended in @entity0 with @entity1 who are clinically shocked. A @entity3 can then be corrected with intravenous @entity8 .

title: Acid-base balance in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a case of @entity5 caused by Verticillium species. METHODS: A 50-year-old @entity0 developed @entity3 , redness, and an infiltrate in his left eye and had no history of @entity2 . The @entity4 showed superficial, white, stromal infiltrates and epithelial ulceration with a dendritic margin. The clinical features suggested @entity6 , and the @entity0 was treated with topical antiviral medication. Two weeks later, his condition deteriorated. Examination of the left eye showed stromal infiltrates with a feathery margin and epithelial ulceration with its covering white exudates. Corneal scrapings were taken for direct microscopic examination and culture. RESULTS: Corneal scraping showed the presence of fungal filaments. The fungus was identified as Verticillium species. Topical @entity8 and systemic @entity9 were started after discontinuing the antiviral treatment. Clinically, the @entity1 subsided during the 3 weeks after treatment. CONCLUSION: This is a rare case of @entity7 caused by Verticillium species. Rare species of @entity5 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity7 refractive to conventional medical treatment.

title: XXXX caused by Verticillium species.

answer: @entity7


abstract: A 44-year-old female British travel guide suddenly had @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity3 develop during her stay in South India. Four days later she was transported to our hospital. At admission she had a high temperature, impaired respiration, and @entity7 . Clinical examination revealed bilateral @entity11 , @entity4 , and @entity9 . Two days later the @entity0 showed a generalized macular rash with a conspicuous sparing of small islands of normal skin. Hemorrhagic erythema on the palms and soles as well as focal petechiae on the hard palate and scleral and conjunctival bleeding were also observed. @entity8 and @entity1 developed 1 week after the illness started. Laboratory investigations revealed highly elevated levels of hepatic enzymes, severe @entity12 , decreased platelet counts, and @entity10 values. The presumptive clinical diagnosis of @entity13 was supported by serologic testing that disclosed sustained high titers of hemagglutination inhibition antibodies. Symptomatic therapy with substitution of volume and albumin, blood transfusions, and administration of antipyretics resulted in complete recovery within 6 weeks.

title: XXXX in a British travel guide.

answer: @entity13


abstract: RATIONALE: Animal and @entity0 evidence implicate the central noradrenergic system in the process of memory modulation for emotional material. Blockade of the beta-adrenergic system in @entity0 has been shown to result in decreased recall and recognition memory performance, relative to placebo, for the emotional elements of a series of slides accompanied by a narrative. Stimulation of the noradrenergic system with @entity2 has also been shown to result in increased recall and recognition performance relative to placebo for the same stimulus materials. OBJECTIVES: The present study tested the hypothesis that stimulating the central noradrenergic system using the new @entity1 re-uptake inhibitor @entity3 would result in a dose-dependent enhancement of memory for emotional material in @entity0 . METHODS: The central noradrenergic system was manipulated using @entity3 in a double-blind, randomised between-group, placebo-controlled design with 36 healthy adult subjects in each of three groups (placebo, 4 and 8 mg @entity3 ). Free recall and recognition memory performance were assessed in a 'surprise' memory test following a 7-day interval. RESULTS: We found no memory enhancing effect of @entity3 . In contrast we observed a dose-dependent effect on memory opposite to the predicted direction. There were no significant differences between groups in self-rated stress and arousal scores or self-rated emotional reactions to the stimuli. All groups showed the expected increased memory performance for the middle 'emotive' phase of the story. CONCLUSION: Selective stimulation of the central noradrenergic system at encoding did not result in enhanced long-term memory for emotional material in @entity0 .

title: The effects of noradrenergic re-uptake inhibition on memory encoding in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences of clinical effects on primary @entity1 between acupuncture combined with auricular point sticking and western medicine. METHODS: Ninety @entity0 with primary @entity1 were randomly divided into a medication group and a combination group, 45 cases in each group. In the medication group, @entity5 tablets were treated with oral administration, 12.5 mg each time, twice a day; in the combination group, acupuncture and auricular point sticking were used, and acupuncture was applied at Renying (ST 9), Fengchi (GB 20) and Baihui (GV 20), while auricular point sticking was adopted at Shenmen (TF4), @entity4 (CO15), Jiangyagou and Jiaogan (AH6a), once a day for continuous 4 weeks. After treatment, the changes of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) level, @entity2 level and syndrome scores were observed and the clinical efficacy was assessed in the two groups. RESULTS: After 4 weeks' treatment, the 24 h ambulatory blood pressure was both improved compared with that before treatment in the two groups (P<0.01, P<0.05). The reducing of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure in the combination group was superior to that in the medication group (P<0.05). There were reducing tendencies about coefficients of variation (CVs) of the two groups, and in the combination group, the CVs of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure and systolic pressure acquired more obvious reducing range compared with the medication group (both P<0.05). Serum @entity3 level and plasma @entity2 level of the @entity0 in the two groups after treatment were both decreased (both P<0.05) and the reducing of @entity3 level and @entity2 level of the combination group was more obvious than that of the medication group (both P<0.05). The syndrome scores of the two groups after treatment were both remarkably decreased (both P<0.05), and the reducing of the syndrome scores of the combination group was more marked than that of the medication group (P<0.05). The total effective rate of the combination group was 95.6% (43/45), which was superior to 71.1% (32/45) of the medication group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Acupuncture combined with auricular point sticking for primary @entity1 has reliable effect. It is better than captopril for the improvement of 24 h ambulatory blood pressure, AngII level and @entity2 level, and can improve dizzy, palpitation and other clinical symptoms.

title: [Primary XXXX treated with acupuncture combined with auricular point sticking: a randomized controlled trial].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are insuring an increasing number of Americans, there are concerns that cost-reduction strategies may limit access to medical care or jeopardize its quality. This study was conducted to examine the influence of insurance payer status on the process of care and resource utilization among @entity0 hospitalized for @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Administrative information on all 1995 New York State hospital discharges assigned ICD-9-CM codes indicative of @entity3 in the principal diagnosis position were obtained from the Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database. The following were compared among @entity0 with @entity2 , indemnity, Medicaid fee-for-service, and Medicare fee-for-service insurance coverage: demographics, comorbid illness, process of care, length of stay, hospital charges, mortality rate, and @entity3 readmission rate. A total of 43,157 @entity0 were identified ( @entity2 , 1322; indemnity, 4350; Medicaid, 3878; Medicare, 33 607). Noninvasive procedures were used with similar frequency, whereas greater use of invasive techniques was observed among @entity2 and indemnity @entity0 . After adjustment for @entity0 characteristics and hospital type and location, @entity2 care was associated with shorter length of stay and lower hospital charges, the latter partially explained by fewer hospital days. Medicaid @entity0 had the longest length of stay, greatest hospital charges, and highest @entity3 readmission rate. The adjusted risk of @entity1 during the index hospitalization did not vary among insurance groups. CONCLUSIONS: Though insuring only a small proportion of New Yorkers hospitalized for @entity3 , managed care plans provide similar access to clinical services while generating fewer charges. Whether these observed differences in short-term outcomes derive from @entity0 mix or quality of care is uncertain and deserves wider prospective study.

title: Managed care for XXXX : influence of payer status on process of care, resource utilization, and short-term outcomes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The B7: @entity3 / @entity4 interaction plays a major role in T cell responses. Immune intervention targeted at this interaction has demonstrated a vast potential in enhancing @entity0 immunity and blocking autoimmunity and transplant rejection. However, the structural basis for this interaction is unclear. While we and others have performed site-directed mutagenesis to define @entity1 involved in binding @entity3 and @entity4 , these residues are localized in different regions, and it is unlikely for all of them to be directly involved. In addition, the effect of the mutations on the overall conformation of B7 has not been systematically evaluated. In this study, we have carried out site-directed mutagenesis to define the @entity1 within @entity2 IgV-like domain which participate B7: @entity3 / @entity4 interaction. Four anti- @entity2 mAbs that recognize three independent antigenic epitopes on @entity2 were used to monitor the effect of mutations on the overall conformation of @entity2 . Of the five mutations in the IgV domain that we have produced, @entity5 appears to interfere with cell surface expression and/or overall conformation of @entity2 . while four others do not significantly affect the overall conformation and cell surface expression of @entity2 . Among them, @entity6 and Y91 > A eliminated @entity2 binding to both CD28Ig and CTLA4Ig; our previously reported mutants @entity7 and W88 > A selectively affect the @entity2 binding to either CD28Ig or CTLA4Ig. Structural modeling of @entity2 based on the structure of immunoglobulin revealed that these four and other previously identified critical @entity1 in both IgV- and IgC-like domains can form a localized structure.

title: Identification of conserved XXXX in murine B7-1IgV domain critical for @entity4 / @entity3 :B7 interaction by site-directed mutagenesis: a novel structural model of the binding site.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The B7: @entity3 / @entity4 interaction plays a major role in T cell responses. Immune intervention targeted at this interaction has demonstrated a vast potential in enhancing @entity0 immunity and blocking autoimmunity and transplant rejection. However, the structural basis for this interaction is unclear. While we and others have performed site-directed mutagenesis to define @entity1 involved in binding @entity3 and @entity4 , these residues are localized in different regions, and it is unlikely for all of them to be directly involved. In addition, the effect of the mutations on the overall conformation of B7 has not been systematically evaluated. In this study, we have carried out site-directed mutagenesis to define the @entity1 within @entity2 IgV-like domain which participate B7: @entity3 / @entity4 interaction. Four anti- @entity2 mAbs that recognize three independent antigenic epitopes on @entity2 were used to monitor the effect of mutations on the overall conformation of @entity2 . Of the five mutations in the IgV domain that we have produced, @entity5 appears to interfere with cell surface expression and/or overall conformation of @entity2 . while four others do not significantly affect the overall conformation and cell surface expression of @entity2 . Among them, @entity6 and Y91 > A eliminated @entity2 binding to both CD28Ig and CTLA4Ig; our previously reported mutants @entity7 and W88 > A selectively affect the @entity2 binding to either CD28Ig or CTLA4Ig. Structural modeling of @entity2 based on the structure of immunoglobulin revealed that these four and other previously identified critical @entity1 in both IgV- and IgC-like domains can form a localized structure.

title: Identification of conserved @entity1 in murine B7-1IgV domain critical for @entity4 / XXXX :B7 interaction by site-directed mutagenesis: a novel structural model of the binding site.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The B7: @entity3 / @entity4 interaction plays a major role in T cell responses. Immune intervention targeted at this interaction has demonstrated a vast potential in enhancing @entity0 immunity and blocking autoimmunity and transplant rejection. However, the structural basis for this interaction is unclear. While we and others have performed site-directed mutagenesis to define @entity1 involved in binding @entity3 and @entity4 , these residues are localized in different regions, and it is unlikely for all of them to be directly involved. In addition, the effect of the mutations on the overall conformation of B7 has not been systematically evaluated. In this study, we have carried out site-directed mutagenesis to define the @entity1 within @entity2 IgV-like domain which participate B7: @entity3 / @entity4 interaction. Four anti- @entity2 mAbs that recognize three independent antigenic epitopes on @entity2 were used to monitor the effect of mutations on the overall conformation of @entity2 . Of the five mutations in the IgV domain that we have produced, @entity5 appears to interfere with cell surface expression and/or overall conformation of @entity2 . while four others do not significantly affect the overall conformation and cell surface expression of @entity2 . Among them, @entity6 and Y91 > A eliminated @entity2 binding to both CD28Ig and CTLA4Ig; our previously reported mutants @entity7 and W88 > A selectively affect the @entity2 binding to either CD28Ig or CTLA4Ig. Structural modeling of @entity2 based on the structure of immunoglobulin revealed that these four and other previously identified critical @entity1 in both IgV- and IgC-like domains can form a localized structure.

title: Identification of conserved @entity1 in murine B7-1IgV domain critical for XXXX / @entity3 :B7 interaction by site-directed mutagenesis: a novel structural model of the binding site.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We describe a 67-year-old female demonstrating symptomatic @entity9 ( @entity9 ) with @entity3 and @entity2 initially diagnosed in 2009. Although a partial response was achieved after @entity11 and @entity6 treatment, @entity9 recurred in 2012. Therefore, treatment with @entity12 , @entity7 , and @entity6 was commenced. Coagulation tests conducted prior to the chemotherapy were normal. @entity12 was discontinued after 10 days due to exacerbation of @entity1 . Simultaneously, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was prolonged to 89.5 seconds. The mixing test showed an inhibitor pattern, with factor @entity8 at 2% and factor @entity8 inhibitor at 4.85 BU/ml. A diagnosis of acquired @entity4 was made, and treatment with @entity5 was started, after which APTT improved to 36.4 seconds and factor @entity8 inhibitor decreased to 1.09 BU/ml. The factor @entity8 inhibitor level again increased concomitantly with restarting @entity12 , which was, therefore, discontinued, while immunosuppressive therapy was administered with the addition of @entity7 . Factor @entity8 inhibitor gradually disappeared from the @entity0 's blood over the next four months. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of @entity12 as a possible cause of acquired @entity4 . Our experience indicates that we need to pay attention to acquired @entity4 after initiating @entity12 therapy in @entity0 with @entity10 .

title: Development of acquired @entity4 during treatment of @entity9 with XXXX .

answer: @entity12


abstract: We describe a 67-year-old female demonstrating symptomatic @entity9 ( @entity9 ) with @entity3 and @entity2 initially diagnosed in 2009. Although a partial response was achieved after @entity11 and @entity6 treatment, @entity9 recurred in 2012. Therefore, treatment with @entity12 , @entity7 , and @entity6 was commenced. Coagulation tests conducted prior to the chemotherapy were normal. @entity12 was discontinued after 10 days due to exacerbation of @entity1 . Simultaneously, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was prolonged to 89.5 seconds. The mixing test showed an inhibitor pattern, with factor @entity8 at 2% and factor @entity8 inhibitor at 4.85 BU/ml. A diagnosis of acquired @entity4 was made, and treatment with @entity5 was started, after which APTT improved to 36.4 seconds and factor @entity8 inhibitor decreased to 1.09 BU/ml. The factor @entity8 inhibitor level again increased concomitantly with restarting @entity12 , which was, therefore, discontinued, while immunosuppressive therapy was administered with the addition of @entity7 . Factor @entity8 inhibitor gradually disappeared from the @entity0 's blood over the next four months. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of @entity12 as a possible cause of acquired @entity4 . Our experience indicates that we need to pay attention to acquired @entity4 after initiating @entity12 therapy in @entity0 with @entity10 .

title: Development of acquired @entity4 during treatment of XXXX with @entity12 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: We describe a 67-year-old female demonstrating symptomatic @entity9 ( @entity9 ) with @entity3 and @entity2 initially diagnosed in 2009. Although a partial response was achieved after @entity11 and @entity6 treatment, @entity9 recurred in 2012. Therefore, treatment with @entity12 , @entity7 , and @entity6 was commenced. Coagulation tests conducted prior to the chemotherapy were normal. @entity12 was discontinued after 10 days due to exacerbation of @entity1 . Simultaneously, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) was prolonged to 89.5 seconds. The mixing test showed an inhibitor pattern, with factor @entity8 at 2% and factor @entity8 inhibitor at 4.85 BU/ml. A diagnosis of acquired @entity4 was made, and treatment with @entity5 was started, after which APTT improved to 36.4 seconds and factor @entity8 inhibitor decreased to 1.09 BU/ml. The factor @entity8 inhibitor level again increased concomitantly with restarting @entity12 , which was, therefore, discontinued, while immunosuppressive therapy was administered with the addition of @entity7 . Factor @entity8 inhibitor gradually disappeared from the @entity0 's blood over the next four months. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first description of @entity12 as a possible cause of acquired @entity4 . Our experience indicates that we need to pay attention to acquired @entity4 after initiating @entity12 therapy in @entity0 with @entity10 .

title: Development of acquired XXXX during treatment of @entity9 with @entity12 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is a serious health problem. Although it has been widely investigated, treatment of @entity2 currently remains as a challenging clinical problem. Over production of @entity8 has been demonstrated to cause tissue damage and @entity3 . In this study, the effect of @entity16 (MB), a well-known inhibitor of @entity8 synthesis, was investigated in @entity11 (AA)-induced @entity13 model in @entity4 . Eighty male @entity4 randomized into 4 groups (control, control MB, @entity13 , @entity13 + MB). AA was applied to groups 3 and 4. MB was added into group 2 and 4. Three days later, animals were sacrificed and 8 cm distal colonic segment resected and the specimens are examined using macroscopical, histological, and biochemical methods. The results of the macroscopic and microscopic examination showed that in group 4 the @entity1 and @entity3 score significantly lower than group 3. Increased intestinal permeability in @entity11 -administered group was significantly reversed by MB application. @entity12 activity and @entity9 levels increased significantly, while @entity6 dismutase and catalase activities were suppressed after AA-administration. These biochemical parameters were reversed in MB-treated group. Administration of @entity11 resulted in increased levels of @entity0 @entity5 factor-a, @entity14 , @entity7 , total @entity15 / @entity10 levels and @entity8 synthase activity. These biochemical alterations were significantly reversed by MB application also. In conclusion, our results indicate that MB decreases the level of @entity8 and decreases @entity3 in @entity11 -induced @entity13 .

title: @entity16 inhibits the inflammatory process of the @entity11 -induced XXXX in the @entity4 colonic mucosa.

answer: @entity13


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is a serious health problem. Although it has been widely investigated, treatment of @entity2 currently remains as a challenging clinical problem. Over production of @entity8 has been demonstrated to cause tissue damage and @entity3 . In this study, the effect of @entity16 (MB), a well-known inhibitor of @entity8 synthesis, was investigated in @entity11 (AA)-induced @entity13 model in @entity4 . Eighty male @entity4 randomized into 4 groups (control, control MB, @entity13 , @entity13 + MB). AA was applied to groups 3 and 4. MB was added into group 2 and 4. Three days later, animals were sacrificed and 8 cm distal colonic segment resected and the specimens are examined using macroscopical, histological, and biochemical methods. The results of the macroscopic and microscopic examination showed that in group 4 the @entity1 and @entity3 score significantly lower than group 3. Increased intestinal permeability in @entity11 -administered group was significantly reversed by MB application. @entity12 activity and @entity9 levels increased significantly, while @entity6 dismutase and catalase activities were suppressed after AA-administration. These biochemical parameters were reversed in MB-treated group. Administration of @entity11 resulted in increased levels of @entity0 @entity5 factor-a, @entity14 , @entity7 , total @entity15 / @entity10 levels and @entity8 synthase activity. These biochemical alterations were significantly reversed by MB application also. In conclusion, our results indicate that MB decreases the level of @entity8 and decreases @entity3 in @entity11 -induced @entity13 .

title: XXXX inhibits the inflammatory process of the @entity11 -induced @entity13 in the @entity4 colonic mucosa.

answer: @entity16


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is a serious health problem. Although it has been widely investigated, treatment of @entity2 currently remains as a challenging clinical problem. Over production of @entity8 has been demonstrated to cause tissue damage and @entity3 . In this study, the effect of @entity16 (MB), a well-known inhibitor of @entity8 synthesis, was investigated in @entity11 (AA)-induced @entity13 model in @entity4 . Eighty male @entity4 randomized into 4 groups (control, control MB, @entity13 , @entity13 + MB). AA was applied to groups 3 and 4. MB was added into group 2 and 4. Three days later, animals were sacrificed and 8 cm distal colonic segment resected and the specimens are examined using macroscopical, histological, and biochemical methods. The results of the macroscopic and microscopic examination showed that in group 4 the @entity1 and @entity3 score significantly lower than group 3. Increased intestinal permeability in @entity11 -administered group was significantly reversed by MB application. @entity12 activity and @entity9 levels increased significantly, while @entity6 dismutase and catalase activities were suppressed after AA-administration. These biochemical parameters were reversed in MB-treated group. Administration of @entity11 resulted in increased levels of @entity0 @entity5 factor-a, @entity14 , @entity7 , total @entity15 / @entity10 levels and @entity8 synthase activity. These biochemical alterations were significantly reversed by MB application also. In conclusion, our results indicate that MB decreases the level of @entity8 and decreases @entity3 in @entity11 -induced @entity13 .

title: @entity16 inhibits the inflammatory process of the XXXX -induced @entity13 in the @entity4 colonic mucosa.

answer: @entity11


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is a serious health problem. Although it has been widely investigated, treatment of @entity2 currently remains as a challenging clinical problem. Over production of @entity8 has been demonstrated to cause tissue damage and @entity3 . In this study, the effect of @entity16 (MB), a well-known inhibitor of @entity8 synthesis, was investigated in @entity11 (AA)-induced @entity13 model in @entity4 . Eighty male @entity4 randomized into 4 groups (control, control MB, @entity13 , @entity13 + MB). AA was applied to groups 3 and 4. MB was added into group 2 and 4. Three days later, animals were sacrificed and 8 cm distal colonic segment resected and the specimens are examined using macroscopical, histological, and biochemical methods. The results of the macroscopic and microscopic examination showed that in group 4 the @entity1 and @entity3 score significantly lower than group 3. Increased intestinal permeability in @entity11 -administered group was significantly reversed by MB application. @entity12 activity and @entity9 levels increased significantly, while @entity6 dismutase and catalase activities were suppressed after AA-administration. These biochemical parameters were reversed in MB-treated group. Administration of @entity11 resulted in increased levels of @entity0 @entity5 factor-a, @entity14 , @entity7 , total @entity15 / @entity10 levels and @entity8 synthase activity. These biochemical alterations were significantly reversed by MB application also. In conclusion, our results indicate that MB decreases the level of @entity8 and decreases @entity3 in @entity11 -induced @entity13 .

title: @entity16 inhibits the inflammatory process of the @entity11 -induced @entity13 in the XXXX colonic mucosa.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 fluctuation has been recognized as a residual risk apart from @entity4 for the development of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). This study aimed to investigate the association between @entity1 fluctuation and coronary plaque morphology in @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: This prospective study enrolled 72 consecutive @entity2 @entity0 receiving adequate lipid-lowering therapy. They were divided into 3 tertiles according to the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), which represents @entity1 fluctuation, measured by continuous @entity1 monitoring (tertile 1; <49.1, tertile 2; 49.1   ~   85.3, tertile 3; >85.3). Morphological feature of plaques were evaluated by optical coherence tomography. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) (mean lipid arc   *   length), fibrous cap thickness (FCT), and the prevalence of thin-cap @entity3 (TCFA) were assessed in both culprit and non-culprit lesions. RESULTS: In total, 166 lesions were evaluated. @entity6 was stepwisely increased according to the tertile of MAGE (1958        974 [tertile 1] vs. 2653        1400 [tertile 2] vs. 4362        1858 [tertile 3], p <0.001), whereas FCT was the thinnest in the tertile 3 (157.3        73.0   m vs. 104.0        64.1   m vs. 83.1        34.7   m, p <0.001, respectively). The tertile 3 had the highest prevalence of TCFA. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that MAGE had the strongest effect on @entity6 and FCT (standardized coefficient b   =   0.527 and -0.392, respectively, both P <0.001). Multiple logistic analysis identified MAGE as the only independent predictor of the presence of TCFA (odds ratio 1.034; P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 fluctuation and @entity5 may impact the formation of lipid-rich plaques and thinning of fibrous cap in @entity2 @entity0 with lipid-lowering therapy.

title: Association between daily XXXX fluctuation and coronary plaque properties in @entity0 receiving adequate lipid-lowering therapy assessed by continuous @entity1 monitoring and optical coherence tomography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 fluctuation has been recognized as a residual risk apart from @entity4 for the development of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). This study aimed to investigate the association between @entity1 fluctuation and coronary plaque morphology in @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: This prospective study enrolled 72 consecutive @entity2 @entity0 receiving adequate lipid-lowering therapy. They were divided into 3 tertiles according to the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), which represents @entity1 fluctuation, measured by continuous @entity1 monitoring (tertile 1; <49.1, tertile 2; 49.1   ~   85.3, tertile 3; >85.3). Morphological feature of plaques were evaluated by optical coherence tomography. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) (mean lipid arc   *   length), fibrous cap thickness (FCT), and the prevalence of thin-cap @entity3 (TCFA) were assessed in both culprit and non-culprit lesions. RESULTS: In total, 166 lesions were evaluated. @entity6 was stepwisely increased according to the tertile of MAGE (1958        974 [tertile 1] vs. 2653        1400 [tertile 2] vs. 4362        1858 [tertile 3], p <0.001), whereas FCT was the thinnest in the tertile 3 (157.3        73.0   m vs. 104.0        64.1   m vs. 83.1        34.7   m, p <0.001, respectively). The tertile 3 had the highest prevalence of TCFA. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that MAGE had the strongest effect on @entity6 and FCT (standardized coefficient b   =   0.527 and -0.392, respectively, both P <0.001). Multiple logistic analysis identified MAGE as the only independent predictor of the presence of TCFA (odds ratio 1.034; P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 fluctuation and @entity5 may impact the formation of lipid-rich plaques and thinning of fibrous cap in @entity2 @entity0 with lipid-lowering therapy.

title: Association between daily @entity1 fluctuation and coronary plaque properties in @entity0 receiving adequate lipid-lowering therapy assessed by continuous XXXX monitoring and optical coherence tomography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 fluctuation has been recognized as a residual risk apart from @entity4 for the development of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). This study aimed to investigate the association between @entity1 fluctuation and coronary plaque morphology in @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: This prospective study enrolled 72 consecutive @entity2 @entity0 receiving adequate lipid-lowering therapy. They were divided into 3 tertiles according to the mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), which represents @entity1 fluctuation, measured by continuous @entity1 monitoring (tertile 1; <49.1, tertile 2; 49.1   ~   85.3, tertile 3; >85.3). Morphological feature of plaques were evaluated by optical coherence tomography. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) (mean lipid arc   *   length), fibrous cap thickness (FCT), and the prevalence of thin-cap @entity3 (TCFA) were assessed in both culprit and non-culprit lesions. RESULTS: In total, 166 lesions were evaluated. @entity6 was stepwisely increased according to the tertile of MAGE (1958        974 [tertile 1] vs. 2653        1400 [tertile 2] vs. 4362        1858 [tertile 3], p <0.001), whereas FCT was the thinnest in the tertile 3 (157.3        73.0   m vs. 104.0        64.1   m vs. 83.1        34.7   m, p <0.001, respectively). The tertile 3 had the highest prevalence of TCFA. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that MAGE had the strongest effect on @entity6 and FCT (standardized coefficient b   =   0.527 and -0.392, respectively, both P <0.001). Multiple logistic analysis identified MAGE as the only independent predictor of the presence of TCFA (odds ratio 1.034; P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 fluctuation and @entity5 may impact the formation of lipid-rich plaques and thinning of fibrous cap in @entity2 @entity0 with lipid-lowering therapy.

title: Association between daily @entity1 fluctuation and coronary plaque properties in XXXX receiving adequate lipid-lowering therapy assessed by continuous @entity1 monitoring and optical coherence tomography.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Falls in the elderly leading to closed @entity4 represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in that population, but are not well-characterized. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of fall, outcome, and additional risk factors in elderly @entity0 who require cranial computed tomography (CT) scan after a fall. We conducted a retrospective case series of @entity0 age 60 years and older with closed @entity4 secondary to falling who underwent CT scan in the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Data were gathered from @entity3 and hospital records. The setting was an urban Level I @entity1 center. Our series consisted of 189 @entity0 , of whom 31 (16%) had an abnormal head CT scan and four (2%) required neurosurgery. @entity2 (38%) and @entity5 (33%) were the most common lesions seen on CT scan. Falls from standing (76%) were more common than falls on stairs (19%) or from height (5%), but the latter two were more likely to result in an abnormal CT scan (stairs 42%, height 40%). An abnormal neurologic examination was associated with a higher risk of the need for neurosurgery (risk ratio 11.5). We conclude that among elderly @entity0 who fall and present to an @entity3 with evidence of closed @entity4 , a significant percentage will have abnormal CT scans but only a small minority will require neurosurgery. While falls from standing are more common, falls on stairs or from height are associated with a higher risk of having an abnormal CT scan. A focal neurologic examination is a strong predictor of the need for neurosurgical intervention.

title: Elderly @entity0 with closed XXXX after a fall: mechanisms and outcomes.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Falls in the elderly leading to closed @entity4 represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in that population, but are not well-characterized. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of fall, outcome, and additional risk factors in elderly @entity0 who require cranial computed tomography (CT) scan after a fall. We conducted a retrospective case series of @entity0 age 60 years and older with closed @entity4 secondary to falling who underwent CT scan in the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Data were gathered from @entity3 and hospital records. The setting was an urban Level I @entity1 center. Our series consisted of 189 @entity0 , of whom 31 (16%) had an abnormal head CT scan and four (2%) required neurosurgery. @entity2 (38%) and @entity5 (33%) were the most common lesions seen on CT scan. Falls from standing (76%) were more common than falls on stairs (19%) or from height (5%), but the latter two were more likely to result in an abnormal CT scan (stairs 42%, height 40%). An abnormal neurologic examination was associated with a higher risk of the need for neurosurgery (risk ratio 11.5). We conclude that among elderly @entity0 who fall and present to an @entity3 with evidence of closed @entity4 , a significant percentage will have abnormal CT scans but only a small minority will require neurosurgery. While falls from standing are more common, falls on stairs or from height are associated with a higher risk of having an abnormal CT scan. A focal neurologic examination is a strong predictor of the need for neurosurgical intervention.

title: Elderly XXXX with closed @entity4 after a fall: mechanisms and outcomes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The results of the first cohort of 60 cavity reconstructions with @entity2 with a minimum follow-up period of 15 years were studied. STUDY DESIGN: The study design was a retrospective study. @entity0 : A total of 60 @entity0 had a follow-up period of >15 years. In four @entity0 , not all data were available. Therefore, 56 @entity0 were included in the study. They had a combination of cavity problems and @entity1 . INTERVENTION: The ear canal was reconstructed with a canal wall prosthesis of porous @entity2 . The ossicular chain was reconstructed with an incus or incus-stapes prosthesis of dense @entity2 . RESULTS: After 15 years, 42 @entity0 (75%) had an intact reconstructed ear canal. The main problem for failure was the recurrent purulent @entity3 and not @entity5 . The histology of the retrieved canal wall showed a good remodeling in living bone tissue. After 15 years, 34 @entity0 had a normal ear canal and an ossicular chain. Of these @entity0 , 7.05% had an air-bone gap closure within 20 dB. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term results of cavity reconstruction with @entity2 are possible. The main problem is recurrent @entity4 of the new middle ear-mastoid cleft.

title: Results of cavity reconstruction with XXXX implants after 15 years.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To identify the causes of bilateral leg @entity1 in a primary care setting, and to determine the ability of primary care providers to arrive at the correct diagnosis using the information available at the initial clinical encounter. @entity0 AND METHODS: Fifty-eight ambulatory adult @entity0 with bilateral leg @entity1 were enrolled at an inner city family practice during a 3-year period. Historical information, physical examination findings, and clinical impressions of primary care providers were compared with the results of laboratory evaluations consisting of echocardiograms, venous duplex ultrasound leg scans, serum @entity5 levels, and when appropriate, 24-hour urinalyses. RESULTS: Forty-five @entity0 (78%) completed the study. The initial clinical impression was @entity6 in 32 (71%) @entity0 and @entity4 in 8 (18%) @entity0 . In actuality, 15 (33%) @entity0 had a @entity3 as a cause of their leg @entity1 , and 19 (42%) had @entity2 . All of the @entity0 with @entity3 , and almost all of those with @entity2 , were age 45 years or older. Only 10 (22%) of the subjects had @entity6 . Renal conditions, medication use, and @entity7 were less common. CONCLUSIONS: Utilizing clinical information only, many @entity0 with cardiopulmonary pathology were incorrectly diagnosed as having more benign conditions, most commonly @entity6 . Echocardiographic evaluation, including an estimation of pulmonary artery pressure, may be advisable in many @entity0 with bilateral leg @entity1 , especially if they are at least 45 years old.

title: Etiology and diagnosis of bilateral leg XXXX in primary care.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Cells from major types of @entity1 , i.e. @entity10 and @entity5 , are able to generate action potentials upon a current injection similar to neurons (Patt et al. (1996) Neuroscience, 71, 601-611; Labrakakis et al. (1997b) J. Neuropath. Exp. Neurol., 56, 243-254. Here, we report that activation of ionotropic @entity9 receptors by the selective agonist, @entity11 , or by @entity9 itself, depolarized the @entity0 cells in culture and living slices from @entity0 tissue, and can elicit volleys of action potentials, as recorded with the patch-clamp technique. Sixty-six percent of the @entity5 cells, 44% of the astocytoma and 86% of the @entity10 cells responded to @entity9 and the specific agonist of @entity2 / @entity11 receptors, @entity11 . The involvement of non- @entity4 ( @entity8 ) receptors is further supported by the observation that both @entity11 and @entity9 currents were blocked by CNQX ( @entity7 ). The receptor activation was accompanied by an increase in cytosolic @entity3 , as recorded with a @entity6 microfluorometric system. The @entity3 elevation was mediated by the activation of @entity3 channels due to membrane depolarization. The presence of voltage-gated @entity3 channels was confirmed by patch-clamp experiments. Taken together, these findings imply that the electrophysiological properties of @entity1 cells are more reminiscent of those of neurons than of glial cells.

title: XXXX receptor activation can trigger electrical activity in human @entity1 cells.

answer: @entity9