abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: A postprandial fall in BP occurs frequently in older individuals and in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . The magnitude of this decrease in BP is related to the rate of gastric emptying (GE). Intravenous administration of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) attenuates the @entity4 response to intraduodenal @entity3 in healthy older individuals. We sought to determine the effects of exogenous @entity7 on BP, GE, @entity10 ( @entity10 ) flow and glycaemic response to oral ingestion of @entity3 in healthy older individuals and @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . METHODS: Fourteen older volunteers (six @entity0 , eight @entity0 ; age 72.1        1.1  years) and ten @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 (six @entity0 , four @entity0 ; age 68.7        3.4  years; HbA1c 6.6        0.2% [48.5        2.0  mmol/mol]; nine with blood @entity3 managed with @entity5 , two with a @entity9 and one with a @entity8 inhibitor) received an i.v. infusion of @entity7 (0.9  pmol  kg(-1)  min(-1)) or saline (154  mmol/l @entity6 ) for 150  min (t   =   -30  min to t   =   120  min) in randomised order. At t   =   0  min, volunteers consumed a radiolabelled 75  g @entity3 drink. BP was assessed with an automated device, GE by scintigraphy and @entity10 flow by ultrasonography. Blood @entity3 and serum insulin were measured. RESULTS: @entity7 attenuated the fall in diastolic BP after the @entity3 drink in older individuals (p   <   0.05) and attenuated the fall in systolic and diastolic BP in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 (p   <   0.05). GE was faster in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 than in healthy individuals (p   <   0.05). In both groups, individuals had slower GE (p   <   0.001), decreased @entity10 flow (p   <   0.05) and a lower degree of glycaemia (p   <   0.001) when receiving @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Intravenous @entity7 attenuates the @entity4 response to orally administered @entity3 and decreases @entity10 flow, probably by slowing GE. @entity7 and 'short-acting' @entity7 agonists may be useful in the management of postprandial @entity4 .

title: Effects of exogenous @entity7 on blood pressure, heart rate, gastric emptying, mesenteric blood flow and glycaemic responses to oral @entity3 in older individuals with normal @entity3 tolerance or XXXX 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: A postprandial fall in BP occurs frequently in older individuals and in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . The magnitude of this decrease in BP is related to the rate of gastric emptying (GE). Intravenous administration of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) attenuates the @entity4 response to intraduodenal @entity3 in healthy older individuals. We sought to determine the effects of exogenous @entity7 on BP, GE, @entity10 ( @entity10 ) flow and glycaemic response to oral ingestion of @entity3 in healthy older individuals and @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . METHODS: Fourteen older volunteers (six @entity0 , eight @entity0 ; age 72.1        1.1  years) and ten @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 (six @entity0 , four @entity0 ; age 68.7        3.4  years; HbA1c 6.6        0.2% [48.5        2.0  mmol/mol]; nine with blood @entity3 managed with @entity5 , two with a @entity9 and one with a @entity8 inhibitor) received an i.v. infusion of @entity7 (0.9  pmol  kg(-1)  min(-1)) or saline (154  mmol/l @entity6 ) for 150  min (t   =   -30  min to t   =   120  min) in randomised order. At t   =   0  min, volunteers consumed a radiolabelled 75  g @entity3 drink. BP was assessed with an automated device, GE by scintigraphy and @entity10 flow by ultrasonography. Blood @entity3 and serum insulin were measured. RESULTS: @entity7 attenuated the fall in diastolic BP after the @entity3 drink in older individuals (p   <   0.05) and attenuated the fall in systolic and diastolic BP in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 (p   <   0.05). GE was faster in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 than in healthy individuals (p   <   0.05). In both groups, individuals had slower GE (p   <   0.001), decreased @entity10 flow (p   <   0.05) and a lower degree of glycaemia (p   <   0.001) when receiving @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Intravenous @entity7 attenuates the @entity4 response to orally administered @entity3 and decreases @entity10 flow, probably by slowing GE. @entity7 and 'short-acting' @entity7 agonists may be useful in the management of postprandial @entity4 .

title: Effects of exogenous @entity7 on blood pressure, heart rate, gastric emptying, mesenteric blood flow and glycaemic responses to oral @entity3 in older individuals with normal @entity3 tolerance or @entity2 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: A postprandial fall in BP occurs frequently in older individuals and in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . The magnitude of this decrease in BP is related to the rate of gastric emptying (GE). Intravenous administration of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) attenuates the @entity4 response to intraduodenal @entity3 in healthy older individuals. We sought to determine the effects of exogenous @entity7 on BP, GE, @entity10 ( @entity10 ) flow and glycaemic response to oral ingestion of @entity3 in healthy older individuals and @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . METHODS: Fourteen older volunteers (six @entity0 , eight @entity0 ; age 72.1        1.1  years) and ten @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 (six @entity0 , four @entity0 ; age 68.7        3.4  years; HbA1c 6.6        0.2% [48.5        2.0  mmol/mol]; nine with blood @entity3 managed with @entity5 , two with a @entity9 and one with a @entity8 inhibitor) received an i.v. infusion of @entity7 (0.9  pmol  kg(-1)  min(-1)) or saline (154  mmol/l @entity6 ) for 150  min (t   =   -30  min to t   =   120  min) in randomised order. At t   =   0  min, volunteers consumed a radiolabelled 75  g @entity3 drink. BP was assessed with an automated device, GE by scintigraphy and @entity10 flow by ultrasonography. Blood @entity3 and serum insulin were measured. RESULTS: @entity7 attenuated the fall in diastolic BP after the @entity3 drink in older individuals (p   <   0.05) and attenuated the fall in systolic and diastolic BP in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 (p   <   0.05). GE was faster in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 than in healthy individuals (p   <   0.05). In both groups, individuals had slower GE (p   <   0.001), decreased @entity10 flow (p   <   0.05) and a lower degree of glycaemia (p   <   0.001) when receiving @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Intravenous @entity7 attenuates the @entity4 response to orally administered @entity3 and decreases @entity10 flow, probably by slowing GE. @entity7 and 'short-acting' @entity7 agonists may be useful in the management of postprandial @entity4 .

title: Effects of exogenous @entity7 on blood pressure, heart rate, gastric emptying, mesenteric blood flow and glycaemic responses to oral XXXX in older individuals with normal @entity3 tolerance or @entity2 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: A postprandial fall in BP occurs frequently in older individuals and in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . The magnitude of this decrease in BP is related to the rate of gastric emptying (GE). Intravenous administration of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) attenuates the @entity4 response to intraduodenal @entity3 in healthy older individuals. We sought to determine the effects of exogenous @entity7 on BP, GE, @entity10 ( @entity10 ) flow and glycaemic response to oral ingestion of @entity3 in healthy older individuals and @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . METHODS: Fourteen older volunteers (six @entity0 , eight @entity0 ; age 72.1        1.1  years) and ten @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 (six @entity0 , four @entity0 ; age 68.7        3.4  years; HbA1c 6.6        0.2% [48.5        2.0  mmol/mol]; nine with blood @entity3 managed with @entity5 , two with a @entity9 and one with a @entity8 inhibitor) received an i.v. infusion of @entity7 (0.9  pmol  kg(-1)  min(-1)) or saline (154  mmol/l @entity6 ) for 150  min (t   =   -30  min to t   =   120  min) in randomised order. At t   =   0  min, volunteers consumed a radiolabelled 75  g @entity3 drink. BP was assessed with an automated device, GE by scintigraphy and @entity10 flow by ultrasonography. Blood @entity3 and serum insulin were measured. RESULTS: @entity7 attenuated the fall in diastolic BP after the @entity3 drink in older individuals (p   <   0.05) and attenuated the fall in systolic and diastolic BP in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 (p   <   0.05). GE was faster in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 than in healthy individuals (p   <   0.05). In both groups, individuals had slower GE (p   <   0.001), decreased @entity10 flow (p   <   0.05) and a lower degree of glycaemia (p   <   0.001) when receiving @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Intravenous @entity7 attenuates the @entity4 response to orally administered @entity3 and decreases @entity10 flow, probably by slowing GE. @entity7 and 'short-acting' @entity7 agonists may be useful in the management of postprandial @entity4 .

title: Effects of exogenous @entity7 on blood pressure, heart rate, gastric emptying, mesenteric blood flow and glycaemic responses to oral @entity3 in older individuals with normal XXXX tolerance or @entity2 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe a new hysteroscopic technique for the management of severe @entity7 . DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Volunteers in an academic research environment. @entity0 (S): Seven @entity0 with secondary @entity1 associated with @entity5 or @entity6 secondary to severe @entity7 . INTERVENTION(S): Six to eight longitudinal incisions were made into the myometrium extending from the uterine fundus to the isthmus with a resectoscope fitted with a Collins knife electrode. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Restoration of menses, symptomatic relief, and postoperative reproductive performance. RESULT(S): The amount of @entity2 increased in all cases, including two @entity0 who were amenorrheic before their surgery. @entity4 decreased in two of the four symptomatic cases. Three to four months after surgery, hysteroscopy showed a normal sized uterine cavity in five cases. After a median follow-up of 12 months, three @entity0 conceived four pregnancies, including a @entity8 , a @entity3 , an ongoing pregnancy currently at 7 weeks' gestation, and one @entity0 delivered at 36 weeks gestation after premature rupture of the membranes. CONCLUSION(S): Hysteroscopic myometrial scoring enlarges uterine cavity size in cases of severe @entity7 and improves menstrual function. Reproductive performance seems to be improved also, but longer follow-up is required.

title: Myometrial scoring: a new technique for the management of severe XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine if a group of @entity0 with unexplained second or third trimester fetal demise have an increased prevalence of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) when compared to controls. During a 5-year period from January 1989 through December 1993, the records of all @entity1 > or = 500 g or > or = 20 weeks of gestation that occurred at our institution were reviewed. In these @entity0 the ANA titers were checked at the discretion of the physician. The proportion of positive ANA tests in the group of @entity0 with @entity1 was compared to that in @entity0 with @entity1 . These results were then compared to a control group of healthy gravidas presenting to labor and delivery in the third trimester. During this time period, 848 @entity1 were recorded. Our study population consisted of 286 @entity0 who had an unexplained second or third trimester fetal demise with a record of having an ANA drawn. Of the 376 @entity1 , 190 had an ANA assayed. The control group included 299 healthy third trimester gravidas. In the group of @entity0 with unexplained @entity1 , 11.5% (33/286) had a positive ANA, whereas 16% (31/190) of ANA tests were positive in cases of explained @entity1 (P = 0.17). In the control group, 14% (43/299) had a positive ANA. There were three distinct immunofluorescence patterns: nucleolar, speckled, and homogeneous. The first two were seen more often in the control group, whereas the latter was seen more frequently in those @entity0 with @entity1 (P = 0.10). The incidence of a significant circulating ANA titer was similar in @entity0 and controls. Moreover, there was no significant association between circulating antinuclear antibody titers and fetal outcome. More @entity0 with a @entity1 had a homogeneous nuclear fluorescence pattern when compared to controls; however, this finding was not statistically significant. Therefore, we do not recommend routine testing for ANA in @entity0 with unexplained second or third trimester @entity1 .

title: Significance of antinuclear antibody testing in unexplained second and third trimester XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This prospective comparative study was carried out to investigate the blood supply to the anterior chest wall by measurement of several anatomical and haemodynamic flow parameters of the internal mammary artery, with the use of colour Doppler ultrasonography, in female scoliotics with @entity4 in adolescence. Previous investigations have postulated that asymmetry of the breasts in female adolescents may be linked with the development of right convex @entity2 . This breast asymmetry is supposed to be linked with anatomical and functional asymmetry of the internal mammary artery that is the main supplier to the mammary gland. However, no measurements of anatomical and haemodynamic parameters of the internal mammary artery have been made to justify or reject the hypothesis of asymmetric blood flow volume to the breasts and costosternal junction in female adolescent scoliotics. Twenty female adolescents with right convex @entity2 and 16 comparable female individuals without @entity0 were examined with roentgenograms (scoliotics only) to measure scoliosis curve, @entity1 and concave and convex rib-vertebra angle at three vertebrae (the apical, one level above and one below the apical vertebra). Doppler ultrasonography was used to measure, at the origin of the internal mammary artery, its lumen diameter, cross-sectional area, time average mean flow and flow volume per minute in scoliotics and controls, which were compared with each other. The roentgenographic parameters were compared with the ultrasonographic parameters in the scoliotics to disclose any relationship. The reliability of colour Doppler ultrasonography was high and the intra-observer variability low (ANOVA, P=0.92-0.94). There was no statistically significant difference in the ultrasonographic parameters of the internal mammary artery between right and left side in each individual as well as between scoliotics and controls. In scoliotics the right mammary artery time average mean velocity increases with the convex ( P<0.05) and concave ( P<0.01) rib-vertebra angle one level above the apical vertebrae and with the apical convex rib-vertebra angle ( P<0.05). The right internal mammary artery flow volume per minute increases with convex ( P<0.01) and concave ( P<0.01) rib-vertebra angle one level above the apical vertebrae and with the apical convex rib-vertebra angle ( P<0.05). Left internal mammary artery cross-sectional area increases with convex apical rib-vertebra angle ( P<0.01) and concave rib-vertebra angle one level above the apical vertebra ( P<0.01). Conclusively, this investigation showed that haemodynamic flow parameters of the right internal mammary artery and anatomical parameters of the left internal mammary artery are significantly correlated with the magnitude of rib-vertebra angles close to the apex of @entity3 in female adolescents. This study did not find any evidence for side-difference in vascularity of the anterior thorax wall and, thus, it could not clearly justify previous theories for development of @entity3 in female adolescents.

title: Colour Doppler ultrasonography for evaluation of anterior chest blood supply: the possible role of arterial blood supply to the costosternal junction in the aetiology of XXXX in female adolescents.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate feasibility and safety of treating simple parapelvic @entity1 using flexible ureteroscopy with the Holmium laser. METHODS: Between February 2010 and July 2013, a total of 21 @entity0 , aging from 29 to 71 (49.00        13.23), were diagnosed with parapelvic @entity1 by ultrasonography in combination with contrast-enhanced computer tomography (CT) and intravenous urography (IVU) in the Department of Urology Surgery, @entity0 's Hospital of the Zhejiang province. Fifteen @entity0 were asymptomatic and 6 @entity0 were symptomatic with @entity2 . All @entity0 underwent drainage of the cysts using flexible ureteroscopy with Holmium laser. @entity0 were followed up 1, 3 and 12  months after the operation. RESULTS: The intervention was successful in 20 @entity0 and failed in 1 @entity0 who, subsequently successfully underwent a laparoscopic cyst removal. There were no intra-operative and post-operative complications reported. The mean operation time was 27  min (range: 15 to 45  min). The mean hospital stay was 2.6  days (range: 1 to 5  days). Twenty @entity0 were followed up until 15  months after surgery. After such ureteroscopic management, there were no @entity1 detected in 7 @entity0 (35  %) and a reduction in size of the @entity1 was found in 13 @entity0 (65  %). @entity2 subsided in all 6 (100  %) previously symptomatic @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Flexible ureteroscopy with the Holmium laser may be a feasible and effective treatment option in selected @entity0 with simple parapelvic @entity1 . Further prospective randomized studies that compare the procedure to laparoscopic treatments are needed.

title: Ureteroscopic management of asymptomatic and symptomatic simple parapelvic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study evaluated in  vivo imaging capabilities and safety of qualitative monitoring of @entity2 saturation of hemoglobin ( @entity9 ) of @entity4 ciliary body tissues obtained with acoustic resolution (AR) photoacoustic tomography (PAT). @entity8 was used to collect trans-scleral images from ciliary body vasculature of seven New Zealand White @entity4 . The PAT @entity9 measurements were obtained under the following conditions: when systemic @entity9 as measured by pulse oximetry was between 100% and 99% (level 1); systemic @entity9 as measured by pulse oximetry was between 98% and 90% (level 2); and systemic @entity9 as measured by pulse oximetry was less than 90% (level 3). Following imaging, histological analysis of ocular tissue was conducted to evaluate for possible structural damage caused by the @entity8 imaging. @entity8 was able to resolve anatomical structures of the anterior segment of the eye, viewed through the @entity6 . Histological studies revealed no @entity1 . On average, @entity9 values (%) obtained with @entity8 were lower than @entity9 values obtained with pulse oximetry (all p  <  0.001): 86.28      4.16 versus 99.25      0.28, 84.09      1.81 vs. 95.3      2.6, and 64.49      7.27 vs. 71.15      10.21 for levels 1, 2 and 3 respectively. @entity8 imaging modality is capable of qualitative monitoring for deep tissue @entity9 in @entity4 . Further studies are needed to validate and modify the @entity8 modality specifically for use in @entity0 eyes. Having a safe, non-invasive method of in  vivo imaging of @entity9 in the anterior segment is important to studies evaluating the role of oxidative damage, @entity5 and @entity3 in pathogenesis of @entity7 .

title: Photoacoustic tomography imaging and estimation of XXXX saturation of hemoglobin in ocular tissue of @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study evaluated in  vivo imaging capabilities and safety of qualitative monitoring of @entity2 saturation of hemoglobin ( @entity9 ) of @entity4 ciliary body tissues obtained with acoustic resolution (AR) photoacoustic tomography (PAT). @entity8 was used to collect trans-scleral images from ciliary body vasculature of seven New Zealand White @entity4 . The PAT @entity9 measurements were obtained under the following conditions: when systemic @entity9 as measured by pulse oximetry was between 100% and 99% (level 1); systemic @entity9 as measured by pulse oximetry was between 98% and 90% (level 2); and systemic @entity9 as measured by pulse oximetry was less than 90% (level 3). Following imaging, histological analysis of ocular tissue was conducted to evaluate for possible structural damage caused by the @entity8 imaging. @entity8 was able to resolve anatomical structures of the anterior segment of the eye, viewed through the @entity6 . Histological studies revealed no @entity1 . On average, @entity9 values (%) obtained with @entity8 were lower than @entity9 values obtained with pulse oximetry (all p  <  0.001): 86.28      4.16 versus 99.25      0.28, 84.09      1.81 vs. 95.3      2.6, and 64.49      7.27 vs. 71.15      10.21 for levels 1, 2 and 3 respectively. @entity8 imaging modality is capable of qualitative monitoring for deep tissue @entity9 in @entity4 . Further studies are needed to validate and modify the @entity8 modality specifically for use in @entity0 eyes. Having a safe, non-invasive method of in  vivo imaging of @entity9 in the anterior segment is important to studies evaluating the role of oxidative damage, @entity5 and @entity3 in pathogenesis of @entity7 .

title: Photoacoustic tomography imaging and estimation of @entity2 saturation of hemoglobin in ocular tissue of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Major @entity1 is unavoidable after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this study was to determine if @entity2 ( @entity3 ) can reduce major @entity1 following TKA. METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-control trial, 60 @entity0 treated with unilateral primary cement TKA between August 1st 2013 and September 30th 2013 were randomized into @entity3 500  mg intra-articular injection without drainage (test group, 30 knees) and 30 @entity0 with saline intra-articular injection (control group, 30 knees). RESULTS: There was a significant @entity1 (560.55  mL) between the groups at postoperative day (POD) 5 (999.22  mL vs. 1559.77  mL, P  =  0.001). The maximum hemoglobin drop was identified at POD 3 (10.51  g/dL vs. 9.10  g/dL, mean difference  =  1.41  g/dL). Also, there was a significant reduction in red blood cell and hematocrit loss (P  =  0.001). The transfusion rates (0% vs. 23.3%, P  =  0.011) and average amount transfused (0.00      0.00 units vs. 0.53      1.04 units, P  =  0.009) were significantly lower in the @entity3 group compared with control group. No significant difference in coagulation marker changes were found between @entity3 and control groups (P  >  0.05), but the D-dimer levels at 3 and 5 days post-TKA were statistically lower in the @entity3 group (P  <  0.05). No significant changes in the rate of symptomatic @entity4 , @entity5 , or wound healing problems were noted. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 treatment without drainage during TKA reduces the amount of blood transfusions required without increasing the rate of adverse events.

title: Safety and efficacy of intra-articular XXXX injection without drainage on @entity1 in total knee arthroplasty: A randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Major @entity1 is unavoidable after primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The aim of this study was to determine if @entity2 ( @entity3 ) can reduce major @entity1 following TKA. METHODS: In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-control trial, 60 @entity0 treated with unilateral primary cement TKA between August 1st 2013 and September 30th 2013 were randomized into @entity3 500  mg intra-articular injection without drainage (test group, 30 knees) and 30 @entity0 with saline intra-articular injection (control group, 30 knees). RESULTS: There was a significant @entity1 (560.55  mL) between the groups at postoperative day (POD) 5 (999.22  mL vs. 1559.77  mL, P  =  0.001). The maximum hemoglobin drop was identified at POD 3 (10.51  g/dL vs. 9.10  g/dL, mean difference  =  1.41  g/dL). Also, there was a significant reduction in red blood cell and hematocrit loss (P  =  0.001). The transfusion rates (0% vs. 23.3%, P  =  0.011) and average amount transfused (0.00      0.00 units vs. 0.53      1.04 units, P  =  0.009) were significantly lower in the @entity3 group compared with control group. No significant difference in coagulation marker changes were found between @entity3 and control groups (P  >  0.05), but the D-dimer levels at 3 and 5 days post-TKA were statistically lower in the @entity3 group (P  <  0.05). No significant changes in the rate of symptomatic @entity4 , @entity5 , or wound healing problems were noted. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 treatment without drainage during TKA reduces the amount of blood transfusions required without increasing the rate of adverse events.

title: Safety and efficacy of intra-articular @entity2 injection without drainage on XXXX in total knee arthroplasty: A randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Despite the widespread use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNBx) in the surgical management of @entity0 @entity1 , several areas remain controversial. The following controversies are reviewed: Learning curves and validation studies. There clearly is a learning curve, and a completion ALND should be done until adequate proficiency is exhibited, both in terms of identification and false-negative rates. Location of injection. Intradermal injection offers superior identification rates compared with peritumoral injection, with comparable false-negative rates. Subareolar injection is as accurate as peritumoral injection. The value of scintigraphy. Routine scintigraphy does not enhance identification or false-negative rates. Mapping agents. Blue dye and radioactive tracer combined to provide a higher identification rate than either used alone.SLNBx in DCIS. In @entity1 with a high risk of microinvasion, such as large @entity2 , a mass or high-grade DCIS-SLNBx is justified.SLNBx following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Although there is evidence that SLNBx after neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be accurate, these data should be applied cautiously. Implications of non axillary SLN, especially internal mammary nodes. Data do not support routine resection of internal mammary sentinel lymph nodes outside a clinical trial. Implications of micrometastases in the sentinel lymph node seen only on immunohistochemistry. Since the significance of such metastases is unclear, decisions regarding treatment of these @entity1 should be individualized. The value of completion axillary lymph node dissection. Is being addressed in clinical trials. Until those studies mature, completion ALND should be performed for @entity1 with SLN metastases, but may be abandoned for @entity1 with a negative SLN.

title: Current controversies in sentinel lymph node biopsy for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Macrophages readily change their phenotype in response to exogenous stimuli. In this work, macrophages were stimulated under a variety of experimental conditions, and phenotypic alterations were correlated with changes in gene expression. We identified 3 transcriptionally related populations of macrophages with immunoregulatory activity. They were generated by stimulating cells with TLR ligands in the presence of 3 different "reprogramming" signals: high-density ICs, @entity4 , or Ado. All 3 of these cell populations produced high levels of transcripts for @entity5 and growth and angiogenic factors. They also secreted reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines @entity2 , @entity3 , and IL-12. All 3 macrophage phenotypes could partially rescue @entity0 from lethal @entity6 , and therefore, we consider each to have anti-inflammatory activity. This ability to regulate innate-immune responses occurred equally well in macrophages from @entity7 -deficient @entity0 . The lack of @entity7 did not affect the ability of macrophages to change cytokine production reciprocally or to rescue @entity0 from lethal @entity6 . Furthermore, treatment of macrophages with @entity1 failed to induce similar phenotypic or transcriptional alterations. This work demonstrates that there are multiple ways to generate macrophages with immunoregulatory activity. These anti-inflammatory macrophages are transcriptionally and functionally related to each other and are quite distinct from macrophages treated with @entity1 .

title: The generation of macrophages with anti-inflammatory activity in the absence of XXXX signaling.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Pesticide-induced changes in surface @entity1 by earthworms in grassland were investigated using trapping and the fungicide @entity4 . Traps were tended daily for 15 days after spraying, resulting in 2152 earthworms, five species, and juvenile predominance which reflected species/life-stage composition in the soil. Significant increases in @entity1 (all worms) occurred already by day 2 due to spraying, final treatment level being 2.8 x control. Life-stage composition indicated an increased juvenile proportion from 55% to 75% due to treatment. Spraying caused surfacing juveniles to increase significantly by day 2, reaching a final level 3.8 x control, whereas for mature worms a significant increase did not occur until day 4. Species rank-order was Aporrectodea longa>A. rosea> @entity2 >A. caliginosa in control areas, but A. longa> @entity3 >A. rosea>A. caliginosa in sprayed areas; spraying altered the rank-order such that the anecic A. longa and @entity3 dominated, jointly increasing from 59% to 78%. At species level, @entity3 and A. longa exhibited significant increases of 4.6 x and 3.6 x in final @entity1 levels in treated areas, the @entity0 having trends for increase. Species-specific differences for reaction time occurred, with significantly elevated @entity1 already by day 1 for @entity3 , and day 2 for @entity0 . For each species, juveniles consistently showed greater increases than mature worms due to spraying, significantly so for juvenile @entity3 , A. longa, and A. caliginosa, the two anecics reaching as high as 5.3 x and 4.7 x. The response of mature worms differed: A. longa and A. rosea increased surfacing due to treatment, @entity3 showed a delayed reaction, whereas A. caliginosa exhibited suppressed @entity1 . Results are discussed relative to behavior, ecological category, and risk of toxic exposure.

title: Pesticide-induced surface XXXX by lumbricid earthworms in grassland: life-stage and species differences.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The liver is the main site of synthesis and/or clearance of proteins involved in fibrinolysis. Therefore, @entity2 , including @entity1 , leads to altered plasma levels of fibrinolytic proteins. Historical studies using in vitro clot lysis assays suggested that @entity0 with @entity2 had accelerated fibrinolysis. Subsequent studies measured levels of individual pro- and antifibrinolytic proteins and showed that levels of tissue-type plasminogen activator are elevated. Plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 may also be altered, which leads to a shift in balance in the fibrinolytic system. Despite the fact that a more recent study using a plasma clot lysis assay challenged the existence of @entity5 , other recent studies detected @entity5 in a considerable number of @entity0 with @entity1 . Therefore, it is now recognized that @entity5 may occur in 30 to 50% of @entity0 with @entity4 . A causal role of @entity5 in bleeding is difficult to establish because also other concomitant changes in hemostasis occur. Treatment of @entity5 consists of the use of fibrinolysis inhibitors, such as @entity3 . In this review we summarize current insights of the role of the liver in fibrinolysis, changes in fibrinolytic proteins, the potential clinical implications, and management of @entity5 in @entity2 .

title: The Fibrinolytic Status in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In vivo imaging methodologies allow for serial measurement of @entity0 size, circumventing the need for sacrificing @entity1 at given time points. In orthotopically transplanted @entity1 models of @entity2 , cross-section micro-MRI allows for visualization and measurement of the physically inaccessible @entity0 . To allow for long resident times of a contrast agent in the @entity0 , intraperitoneal administration was used as a route of injection for contrast-enhanced micro-MRI, and a simple method for relative @entity0 volume measurements was examined. A strategy for visualizing the variability of the delayed @entity0 enhancement was developed. These strategies were applied to monitor the growth of @entity2 xenotransplanted into @entity1 and either treated with the antiangiogenic peptide @entity3 or an inactive control peptide. Each @entity1 was used as its own control. Serial imaging was done weekly, beginning at Day 7 after @entity0 cell implantation and continued for 7 weeks. Images obtained were reconstructed on the MRI instrument. The image files were transferred off line to be postprocessed to assess @entity0 growth (volume) and variability in enhancement (three-dimensional [3-D] intensity models). In a small study, @entity0 growth and response to treatment were followed using this methodology and the high-resolution images displayed in 3-D allowed for straightforward qualitative assessment of variable enhancement related to vascular factors and @entity0 age.

title: Micro-MRI at 11.7 T of a @entity1 XXXX model using delayed contrast enhancement.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In vivo imaging methodologies allow for serial measurement of @entity0 size, circumventing the need for sacrificing @entity1 at given time points. In orthotopically transplanted @entity1 models of @entity2 , cross-section micro-MRI allows for visualization and measurement of the physically inaccessible @entity0 . To allow for long resident times of a contrast agent in the @entity0 , intraperitoneal administration was used as a route of injection for contrast-enhanced micro-MRI, and a simple method for relative @entity0 volume measurements was examined. A strategy for visualizing the variability of the delayed @entity0 enhancement was developed. These strategies were applied to monitor the growth of @entity2 xenotransplanted into @entity1 and either treated with the antiangiogenic peptide @entity3 or an inactive control peptide. Each @entity1 was used as its own control. Serial imaging was done weekly, beginning at Day 7 after @entity0 cell implantation and continued for 7 weeks. Images obtained were reconstructed on the MRI instrument. The image files were transferred off line to be postprocessed to assess @entity0 growth (volume) and variability in enhancement (three-dimensional [3-D] intensity models). In a small study, @entity0 growth and response to treatment were followed using this methodology and the high-resolution images displayed in 3-D allowed for straightforward qualitative assessment of variable enhancement related to vascular factors and @entity0 age.

title: Micro-MRI at 11.7 T of a XXXX @entity2 model using delayed contrast enhancement.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The nontherapeutic laparotomy rate in penetrating @entity3 remains high and the morbidity rate in these cases is approximately 40%. Selective management, rather than mandatory laparotomy, has become a popular approach in both @entity4 and @entity5 . The advent of spiral technology has stimulated a reassessment of the role of computed tomography (CT) in many aspects of @entity2 care. We prospectively investigated the current utility of triple-contrast CT as a diagnostic tool to facilitate initial therapeutic management decisions in penetrating torso @entity2 . METHODS: We studied hemodynamically stable @entity0 with penetrating injury to the torso (abdomen, pelvis, flank, back, or lower chest) without definite indication for laparotomy, admitted to our @entity2 center during the 1-year period from 7/99 through 6/00. @entity0 underwent triple-contrast enhanced spiral CT as the initial study. A positive CT scan was defined as any evidence of peritoneal violation (free air or fluid, contrast leak, or @entity2 ). @entity0 with positive CT, except those with isolated solid viscus injury, underwent laparotomy. @entity0 with negative CT were observed. RESULTS: There were 75 consecutive @entity0 studied: mean age 30 years (range 15-85 years); 67 (89%) male; 41 (55%) gunshot wound, 32 (43%) stab wound, 2 (3%) shotgun wound; mean admission systolic blood pressure 141 mm Hg (range 95-194 mm Hg); 26 (35%) had positive CT and 49 (65%) had negative CT. In @entity0 with positive CT, 18 (69%) had laparotomy: 15 therapeutic, 2 nontherapeutic, and 1 negative. Five @entity0 had isolated @entity1 and 2 had hepatic and @entity2 on CT and all were successfully managed without laparotomy. Of these seven @entity0 , three had angioembolization and two had thoracoscopic diaphragm repair. In @entity0 with negative CT, 47/49 (96%) had successful nonoperative management and 1 had negative laparotomy. The single CT-missed peritoneal violation had a @entity2 at laparotomy. CT accurately predicted whether laparotomy was needed in 71/75 (95%) @entity0 . CONCLUSION: In penetrating torso @entity2 , triple-contrast abdominopelvic CT can accurately predict need for laparotomy, exclude peritoneal violation, and facilitate nonoperative management of @entity1 . Adjunctive angiography and investigation for @entity2 may be prudent.

title: Determining the need for laparotomy in penetrating torso XXXX : a prospective study using triple-contrast enhanced abdominopelvic computed tomography.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Our research concerned the impact of chemotherapy on the haematological and biochemical profiles of @entity0 diagnosed with @entity3 and receiving treatment in Abidjan. The study covered 57 @entity0 , 26 of whom were receiving treatment. @entity7 was the most common type of malignant @entity3 encountered (33%). The proportion of @entity0 was slightly higher, at 54%, and the average age of @entity0 was 26. Hyperleucocytosis, @entity2 and medullar blastosis were the most common @entity8 . The @entity1 arising from hyperleucocytosis and medullar blastosis caused increases in proteins from inflammatory reaction. The increase was moderate for alpha 1 globulins and haptoglobin and high (at least twice the reference levels) for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and orosomucoid. Full remission was only achieved in the cases of @entity7 , in which the haematological and biochemical parameters reached near-normal levels following treatment. In cases of @entity6 the treatment lowered the hyperleucocytosis but the high rate of @entity5 might indicate that the disease was reaching a more acute phase. In the cases of acute @entity4 , chemotherapy did not achieve full remission: the alpha 1 globulins, including orosomucoids, were the most sensitive proteins to treatment. Even though the rate of @entity5 was lowered, it remained high in all cases of acute @entity4 . Neither haematological nor biochemical data proved superior to the other in monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment or the gradual return of the disease. It would be beneficial to combine them in order to obtain a clearer assessment of the effectiveness of chemotherapy.

title: [The impact of chemotherapy on haematological and biochemical profiles during XXXX in Abidjan, C  te d'Ivoire].

answer: @entity3


abstract: This population-based study was conducted in Veneto and Trentino (northwestern Italy, population 5 million). In this area, neonatal screening for @entity1 started in 1973 and has been virtually universal since the early 1980s. During this study, the estimated incidence of @entity1 in this region was 1/2,650 livebirths per year. The authors analyzed data on 593 @entity0 born in 1938-2000 and living in the region who were followed by a single referral center. Median time from birth to confirmation of diagnosis after screening was 32 days (range, 0-1,531). For @entity0 whose disease was recognized after symptoms occurred, median age at diagnosis was always less than 1 year. Median survival age was 37.7 years. Long-term survival (to age 20-30 years) was not significantly influenced by mode of diagnosis (screened or unscreened), sex, or age at diagnosis for unscreened @entity0 (<1, 1-5, >5 years). Current survival analysis of three consecutive decades showed that improving survival tended to vanish in the last years of the study. The authors concluded that a regional neonatal screening program allows very early recognition of @entity1 . They could not conclude that neonatal screening improves long-term survival if compared with diagnosis by symptoms in early infancy.

title: Epidemiology and survival analysis of XXXX in an area of intense neonatal screening over 30 years.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Objective-To determine whether partial transection of the medial branch of the suspensory ligament (MBSL) alters @entity1 third metacarpal bone (MC3) condylar surface strains and forelimb, distal joint angles in a manner consistent with promotion of @entity0 . Study Design-In vitro biomechanical experiment. Sample Population-Right forelimbs from 7 Thoroughbred @entity1 cadavers. Methods-Lateral and medial MC3 condylar, dorsal and abaxial, bone surface strains and distal joint angles were measured both before and after partial transection of the MBSL during in vitro axial limb compression. Dorsal, principal bone strains and abaxial, uniaxial, and proximodistal strains were compared before and after MBSL partial transection at 1,400-, 3,000-, and 5,600-N loads. Results-Bone strains increased in all locations with increasing axial load. All lateral condylar bone strains were significantly higher, and abaxial surface medial condylar bone strain was significantly lower, after partial transection of the MBSL. Respective distal joints became more flexed or extended as axial load increased but were not significantly different after partial transection of the MBSL. Conclusions-Partial transection of the MBSL increases in vitro MC3 lateral condylar bone surface strains. Clinical Relevance-Loss of integrity of the medial branch of the suspensory ligament could increase the risk for @entity0 in Thoroughbred @entity1 by amplifying bone strain in the lateral condyle.

title: Biomechanical investigation of the association between suspensory ligament injury and XXXX in thoroughbred racehorses.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The study was designed to prospectively evaluate the driving habits of @entity0 with @entity4 , who were referred to the specialised retinal ambulatory care center of the Landesaugenklinik Salzburg. The main purpose of this study was to compare the legal requirements for visual acuity, as currently valid in Austria and Germany for driving motor vehicles, with the results found in this @entity0 cohort and to analyse driving patterns of the @entity0 with valid licenses. With these data, it seems possible to suggest a suitable time for a legally mandatory eye examination as to identify subjects with a potentially rising higher accident risk when driving. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 100 @entity0 - all holders of a valid driving licence - with @entity1 or age related @entity5 were enrolled. From each @entity0 , the visual acuity (corrected or uncorrected depending on the driving habit) was recorded and a detailed questionnaire regarding the actual driving habits was requested. The resulting data were analysed in view of the legal requirements of both countries, Austria and Germany. RESULTS: Of 100 @entity0 holding a valid driving licence a total of 31 were driving their motor vehicles with a legally insufficient visual acuity, 26 of 50 still driving. Of 50 @entity0 suffering from @entity1 , 26 drove their cars illegally. Only 4 out of the above mentioned 31 @entity0 had received sufficient information from their referring ophthalmologists. The average age of "illegal" drivers was 66.2 years. CONCLUSIONS: Within the European Community common legal requirements for driving a motor vehicle (regarding mainly the visual acuity) be clearly defined and a mandatory eye exam performed by qualified ophthalmologists for older subjects should be postulated. An individual and age related time limit to be placed on the driving licences of @entity0 suffering from @entity3 associated with relevant @entity2 should to be discussed. Furthermore, ophthalmologists should be obliged to give detailed information to the @entity0 with adequate documentation.

title: [Automobile drivers with XXXX - a prospective analysis].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 has been widely used for molecular, cellular, and developmental studies. With the development of the sperm-mediated transgenic method, it is now possible to study gene function during vertebrate development by using this popular model. On the other hand, like other animal species, it is labor intensive, and the maintenance of transgenic lines is expensive. In this article, we investigated the possibility of using sperm-cryopreservation as a means to preserve transgenic frog lines. We demonstrated that cryopreserved sperms are viable but not fertile under our @entity0 ( @entity0 ) conditions. However, by microinjecting cryopreserved sperm nuclei, we successfully regenerated a transgenic line carrying a double promoter transgene construct, where the marker gene encoding the green fluorescent protein (GFP) is driven by the gamma-crystallin gene promoter and a gene of interest, encoding a fusion protein of GFP with the matrix metalloproteinase @entity3 ( @entity3 -GFP), is driven by a heat shock-inducible promoter. We demonstrated the functional transmission of the @entity3 -GFP transgene by analyzing the phenotype of the F1 animals after @entity2 to induce its expression. Our method thus provides an inexpensive means to preserve transgenic frog lines and a convenient way for distribution of transgenic lines. Furthermore, the ease with which to microinject nuclei compared to the technically demanding transgenesis procedure with variable outcome should facilitate more laboratories to use transgenic @entity1 for functional studies in vivo. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 67: 65-69, 2004.

title: Cryopreservation of XXXX transgenic lines.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Etiopatology of clefts has not been explained yet. It is assumed that the cause of this defect is complex and heterogeneous. Genes which induce the incidence of cleft have not been detected too but clinical observations indicate a familial predisposition. At the Plastic Surgery Clinic of the     dz Medical Academy, on years 1972-2001, 3180 @entity0 with @entity2 were being treated. The group under examination consisted of 540 @entity0 with positive family histories. Two genetic groups were confirmed and each of them with a different risk of the reoccurrence of the defect. The first group-- @entity2 , the second group--an isolated @entity1 . A correlation between the type of cleft and a @entity0 's sex and its cleft affected parent was found. Among @entity0 of mothers with @entity2 there were 60% of @entity0 and only 15% of @entity0 with the same type of cleft. In mothers with @entity2 the same type of cleft has been detected in 70% of @entity0 and 18% @entity0 . Similar results were obtained when affected fathers were taken into account. However, in case of mothers and fathers who were affected with isolated @entity1 there were significantly more @entity0 than @entity0 who had @entity1 . An in-depth study of cleft inheritance mechanisms will make in the future a more precise prediction of the occurrence of the defect in consecutive generations possible. Perhaps, the chance to work out cleft preventions will emerge and the gathered data will be taken advantage of in genetic counselling.

title: [ @entity2 with or without coexisting XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Etiopatology of clefts has not been explained yet. It is assumed that the cause of this defect is complex and heterogeneous. Genes which induce the incidence of cleft have not been detected too but clinical observations indicate a familial predisposition. At the Plastic Surgery Clinic of the     dz Medical Academy, on years 1972-2001, 3180 @entity0 with @entity2 were being treated. The group under examination consisted of 540 @entity0 with positive family histories. Two genetic groups were confirmed and each of them with a different risk of the reoccurrence of the defect. The first group-- @entity2 , the second group--an isolated @entity1 . A correlation between the type of cleft and a @entity0 's sex and its cleft affected parent was found. Among @entity0 of mothers with @entity2 there were 60% of @entity0 and only 15% of @entity0 with the same type of cleft. In mothers with @entity2 the same type of cleft has been detected in 70% of @entity0 and 18% @entity0 . Similar results were obtained when affected fathers were taken into account. However, in case of mothers and fathers who were affected with isolated @entity1 there were significantly more @entity0 than @entity0 who had @entity1 . An in-depth study of cleft inheritance mechanisms will make in the future a more precise prediction of the occurrence of the defect in consecutive generations possible. Perhaps, the chance to work out cleft preventions will emerge and the gathered data will be taken advantage of in genetic counselling.

title: [ XXXX with or without coexisting @entity1 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review and rationalize the liberal use of antenatal @entity2 in the setting of threatened @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective review was performed using the charts of all @entity0 at Ste-Justine Hospital, Montreal QC, who received antenatal @entity2 between 01 April 1997 and 31 March 1998. Initial treatment consisted of 2 doses of 12 mg IM given 24 hours apart. Repeat doses of 12 mg weekly were administered at the discretion of the treating physician. Optimal antenatal @entity2 therapy was defined as delivery within 1 week of initial treatment, prior to 34 weeks. Aside from number and timing of doses, other factors analyzed included: gestational age at admission and delivery, diagnosis associated with threatened @entity1 ( @entity1 ), number of hospital admissions, and delay between re-admission and delivery. RESULTS: Of the 334 @entity0 identified, 82 (25%) received optimal treatment. Of the remaining 252 @entity0 , 204 (81%) received repeat doses. In the repeat dose group, 112 (55%) @entity0 delivered after 34 weeks, while 70 of the 92 remaining @entity0 were hospitalized until delivery. The other 22 @entity0 who received serial doses were discharged at least once prior to delivery; of these @entity0 , 8 were re-admitted more than 24 hours pre-delivery (i.e., adequate time for re-treatment), while 14 were not, but only 6 of these were delivered urgently. Thus, a maximum of 60 @entity0 (25% of repeat doses) could potentially have benefited from this approach. Of the 48 @entity0 not receiving repeat doses, 37 (77%) delivered after 34 weeks. Five remained hospitalized, and 6 were discharged prior to delivery and re-admitted (2 @entity0 > 24 hr and 4 @entity0 < 24 hr from delivery). This represented a potential underutilization of @entity2 by 3% (11/334) of the @entity0 , but only 1.8% (6/334) were of less than 32 weeks' gestation. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the difficulty in predicting which of the @entity0 presenting with threatened @entity1 would actually go on to deliver during the window of benefit of antenatal @entity2 therapy. Our desire to permit all premature fetuses to profit from the positive effects of this therapy must be balanced by a reserve in exposing too many to too much. Use of antenatal @entity2 in our unit has significantly decreased since this review.

title: Do we use too much antenatal XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Millions of @entity0 with @entity2 are still treated with epidural corticosteroids. The efficacy of epidural corticosteroids remains questionable, especially in the @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The affected nerve root sleeve(s) are localized with the help of fluoroscopy and contrast dye. Local anesthetic diluted in 1,500 U hyaluronidase and 40 mg @entity4 is injected. Twenty @entity0 with @entity5 , a small retrospective pilot study group, were treated. The success rate is evaluated using a verbal @entity3 rating scale, 1 month and 3 months after the last injection. Initially, 12 @entity0 obtained very good @entity3 relief, sustained for >3 months in 11 @entity0 . In one @entity0 , @entity3 returned after >1 month. No complications were observed. This technique is worthwhile for @entity0 with @entity5 and where @entity1 is suspected to be the @entity3 origin.

title: Transforaminal nerve root sleeve injection with corticosteroids, hyaluronidase, and local anesthetic in the XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 associated with tibial shaft @entity3 can cause postoperative @entity2 and stiffness even when satisfactory bony union has been achieved. Although several previous studies have described these injuries, they have not been clearly defined or classified in terms of @entity4 or need for surgical fixation. METHODS: Seventy-one consecutive @entity0 (mean    SD age, 48.3    16.7 years; 37 @entity0 and 34 @entity0 ) with tibial shaft @entity3 who underwent computed tomography examination were included. Data were collected including age, sex, body mass index, @entity3 location of the tibia and fibula (in percentile of length), @entity3 shape (spiral, oblique, transverse), presence and pattern of @entity4 (on the distal tibial articular surface), and necessity for surgical fixation of @entity4 . Factors associated with @entity4 associated with tibial shaft @entity3 were analyzed by logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 47 (64.7%) of the 71 tibial shaft @entity3 involved @entity4 , including 8 cases of combined @entity3 , @entity3 , and anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (AITFL) @entity1 @entity3 ; 9 cases of combined @entity3 and @entity3 ; 6 cases of combined @entity3 and @entity3 ; 1 case of combined @entity3 and @entity3 ; 10 cases of @entity3 ; 7 cases of @entity3 ; 5 cases of @entity3 ; and 1 unclassified @entity3 . Of these, 34 of the @entity4 required surgical fixation. Spiral-type tibial shaft @entity3 was significantly associated with concomitant @entity4 (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS: Orthopaedic surgeons should be aware that tibial shaft @entity3 , especially @entity3 , are frequently associated with @entity4 , such as @entity3 , @entity3 , and AITFL @entity1 @entity3 . A considerable portion of these cases may necessitate surgical fixation. We recommend all spiral-type tibial shaft @entity3 routinely undergo computed tomography examination. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, comparative series.

title: Concomitant XXXX Associated With Tibial Shaft Fractures.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Rates of medication discontinuation reflect factors including effectiveness, tolerability, cost, and dosing frequency. Discontinuation data can be useful to physicians and health plan managers as they compare various @entity1 medications. OBJECTIVE: To compare rates of discontinuation of therapy in @entity0 initially prescribed monotherapy with a @entity1 medication. METHODS: Members of a managed care plan who filled at least 1 prescription for latanoprost, @entity2 , or @entity3 during a 30-month period were eligible to participate in this study. Prescription refill records for all @entity1 agents used in the plan were extracted for the study period. Rates of discontinuation of initial @entity1 therapy were compared using Cox regression methods; Kaplan-Meier survival curves were generated. RESULTS: A total of 72,744 prescriptions were eligible, of which 48491 were for study drugs. Latanoprost was the most frequently dispensed therapy (accounting for 49.7% of study drugs), followed by @entity2 (30.6%), and @entity3 (19.6%). After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 2283 @entity0 were included in analyses. Latanoprost-treated @entity0 were significantly less likely to discontinue medication than were those treated with @entity2 or @entity3 . Kaplan-Meier survival curves confirmed that latanoprost-treated @entity0 exhibited the greatest persistency with therapy. CONCLUSION: In this managed care setting, rates of discontinuation in @entity0 initially treated with latanoprost were lower than those of @entity0 receiving comparator drugs.

title: Discontinuation rates of XXXX medications in a managed care population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have investigated the suitability of a recently identified and characterized population of neuronal progenitor cells for their potential use in the replacement of degenerating or damaged neurons in the @entity0 brain. The unique population of neuronal progenitor cells is situated in a well-delineated region of the anterior part of the neonatal subventricular zone (referred to as SVZa). This region can be separated from the remaining proliferative, gliogenic, subventricular zone encircling the lateral ventricles of the forebrain. Because the neurons arising from the highly enriched neurogenic progenitor cell population of the SVZa ordinarily migrate considerable distances and ultimately express the neurotransmitters @entity5 and @entity4 , we have examined whether they could serve as an alternative source of tissue for neural transplantation. SVZa cells from postnatal day 0-2 @entity1 , prelabeled by intraperitoneal injections of the cell proliferation marker @entity6 , were implanted into the striatum of adult @entity1 approximately 1 mo after unilateral denervation by @entity7 . To examine the spatio-temporal distribution and phenotype of the transplanted SVZa cells, the experimental recipients were perfused at short (less than 1 wk), intermediate (2-3 wk) and long (5 mo) postimplantation times. The host brains were sectioned and stained with an antibody to @entity6 and one of several cell-type specific markers to determine the phenotypic characteristics of the transplanted SVZa cells. To identify neurons we used the neuron-specific antibody TuJ1, or antimembrane-associated protein 2 ( @entity8 ), and anti- @entity2 was used to identify astrocytic glia. At all studied intervals the majority of the surviving SVZa cells exhibited a neuronal phenotype. Moreover, morphologically they could be distinguished from the cells of the host striatum because they resembled the intrinsic granule cells of the olfactory bulb, their usual fate. At longer times, a greater number of the transplanted SVZa cells had migrated from their site of implantation, often towards an outlying blood vessel, and the density of cells within the core of the transplant was reduced. Furthermore, there were rarely signs of transplant rejection or a @entity3 surrounding the transplant. In the core of the transplant there were low numbers of @entity2 -positive cells, indicating that the transplanted SVZa cells, predominantly TuJ1-positive/MAP2-positive, express a neuronal phenotype. Collectively, the propensity of the SVZa cells to express a neuronal phenotype and to survive and integrate in the striatal environment suggest that they may be useful in the reconstruction of the brain following CNS @entity3 .

title: Neuronal progenitor cells of the neonatal subventricular zone differentiate and disperse following transplantation into the adult XXXX striatum.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Retropharyngeal @entity5 is a rare entity which may progress rapidly to @entity4 . Previously documented causes have included coagulopathic states, @entity1 , @entity2 , @entity7 , and foreign-object ingestion. Four cases of spontaneous @entity5 without any known predisposing risk factors have been previously reported. Two of these cases had fatal outcomes. METHODS: A case report is presented and the literature reviewed. RESULTS: Spontaneous cervical @entity5 with parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal involvement which caused near-complete @entity6 occurred in an otherwise healthy young @entity0 following straining. Initial management involved fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation. Subsequent right neck exploration revealed @entity3 from a branch of the external carotid artery, which was ligated. An arteriogram revealed minimal flow through the right external carotid artery and its branches. The @entity0 was extubated and discharged uneventfully on the fourth postoperative day. CONCLUSION: The possible etiology for this case is discussed, and a review of the literature and the role of surgery in the management of this entity is outlined.

title: Spontaneous cervical @entity3 with near-complete XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Retropharyngeal @entity5 is a rare entity which may progress rapidly to @entity4 . Previously documented causes have included coagulopathic states, @entity1 , @entity2 , @entity7 , and foreign-object ingestion. Four cases of spontaneous @entity5 without any known predisposing risk factors have been previously reported. Two of these cases had fatal outcomes. METHODS: A case report is presented and the literature reviewed. RESULTS: Spontaneous cervical @entity5 with parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal involvement which caused near-complete @entity6 occurred in an otherwise healthy young @entity0 following straining. Initial management involved fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation. Subsequent right neck exploration revealed @entity3 from a branch of the external carotid artery, which was ligated. An arteriogram revealed minimal flow through the right external carotid artery and its branches. The @entity0 was extubated and discharged uneventfully on the fourth postoperative day. CONCLUSION: The possible etiology for this case is discussed, and a review of the literature and the role of surgery in the management of this entity is outlined.

title: Spontaneous cervical XXXX with near-complete @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Microcirculatory derangement, energy depletion and lipid peroxidation have been related to development of @entity3 -reperfusion @entity4 . This study investigates the effects of hyperbaric @entity1 (HBO) on @entity4 -reperfusion injury. Adult, male @entity2 were used. Three groups were evaluated: 1) sham-operated control (laparotomy only, no @entity3 , no HBO), n=8; 2) @entity3 control (1-h @entity3 , 2-h reperfusion, no HBO), n=8; and 3) HBO pretreatment (100%, @entity1 , 2.5 atm absolute, 90 min) plus @entity3 (1-h @entity3 , 2-h reperfusion), n=8. An in vivo microscope was used to investigate hepatic microcirculation. Tissue @entity6 ( @entity7 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were determined. In comparison with the @entity3 control group, HBO significantly improved harmful insults following @entity3 -reperfusion. HBO lessened adherent leukocyte count (6.00+/-1.31 cells/200 microm vs 11. @entity0 .88 cells/200 microm), and improved flow velocity (1.72+/-0.26 mm/s vs 0.83+/-0.19 mm/s) in post-sinusoidal venules. HBO also reduced @entity7 (1.04+/-0.24 nmol/mg protein vs 2.24+/-0.49 micromol/g protein), and increased @entity5 (2.03+/-0.17 micromol/g wet wt vs 0.73+/-0.11 micromol/g wet wt) levels. This study demonstrates that HBO before @entity3 may ameliorate the @entity3 -reperfusion @entity4 in the @entity2 model.

title: Hyperbaric XXXX pretreatment attenuates hepatic reperfusion injury.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of blinatumomab for the treatment of pediatric and adult precursor @entity13 ( @entity13 ). DATA SOURCES: A literature search of EMBASE (1947 to April 2015), Medline (1946 to April 2015), PubMed (1996 to April 2015), the U.S. National Institutes of Health Clinicaltrials.gov, the Food and Drug Administration, and relevant meeting abstracts was conducted using the terms blinatumomab, BiTE, bispecific T-cell engager, @entity14 , MEDI-538, and Blincyto. STUDY SELECTION/DATA EXTRACTION: @entity0 and animal studies describing the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, efficacy, and safety of blinatumomab for precursor @entity13 were identified. DATA SYNTHESIS: Blinatumomab is a first-in-class bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) antibody derived from a B-lineage specific antitumor mouse monoclonal antibody that binds to both @entity9 of B-cells and CD3 of T-cells. A pivotal phase II trial demonstrated that response rates were high in a refractory or relapsed @entity0 population, with 43% achieving complete remission (CR). Median relapse-free survival was 5.9 months for those with CR or CR with incomplete hematological recovery. Median overall survival was 6.1 months, and 60% of @entity0 achieved @entity4 ( @entity4 ) negativity. The most common adverse events included @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity2 , @entity12 , peripheral @entity1 , @entity6 , @entity11 , @entity10 , and @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: Blinatumomab is a novel BiTE therapeutic monoclonal antibody that has shown promising results in @entity0 with relapsed or refractory @entity8 or those achieving a CR with persistent @entity4 . Phase III clinical trials should define the optimal place in therapy of blinatumomab.

title: Blinatumomab: A First-in-Class Bispecific T-Cell Engager for Precursor XXXX .

answer: @entity13


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the cost effectiveness of determination methods for low-density lipoprotein by new direct assay compared to Friedewald's formula calculation. DESIGN: descriptive study. MATERIAL: Fasting serum from 100 subjects with a history of @entity4 . METHOD: Specimens were determined for total @entity1 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and @entity2 using automated clinical chemistry, as the basic information in calculation of LDL level. Each specimen was also processed by direct LDL assay by the same automation. Correlation of the results from both methods was analyzed. Cost effectiveness analysis was then performed. RESULTS: The least-squares equation from comparing direct LDL assay to calculation method gave Y = 0.897X + 20.42 (r = 0.996, p < 0.05). According to the present study, the cost per utility of the direct assay method (47.54 baht) was more expensive than the calculation method (29.59 baht). CONCLUSION: The results from both methods were well related. However, the cost per utility of the calculation method is cheaper, therefore, the authors recommend the use of the calculation method rather than the direct assay for follow-up of LDL level in @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Cost-effective study of determination methods for low-density lipoprotein by new direct assay compared to Friedewald's formula calculation in XXXX subjects.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether routinely measured variables explained the increased risk of @entity2 in some UK ethnic groups. DESIGN: Cross sectional study of deliveries recorded in the @entity0 Health Record System. SETTING: North Birmingham, UK. POPULATION: All North Birmingham @entity0 delivering singletons, 1994-1997 inclusive. METHOD: Logistic regression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for @entity2 , defined as less than 37 weeks, less than 34 weeks and less than 28 weeks, unadjusted and adjusted for maternal age, an area-based socio-economic status measure, and marital status, year of birth, fetal sex and past obstetric history. RESULTS: For Afro-Caribbean @entity0 , the ORs (95% CIs) were: for delivery less than 37 weeks, 1.44 (1.26-1.64) unadjusted and 1.22 (1.07-1.41) adjusted; for delivery less than 34 weeks, 1.55 (1.25-1.92) unadjusted and 1.29 (1.02-1.61) adjusted; for delivery less than 28 weeks, 1.66 (1.08-2.55) unadjusted and 1.32 (0.84-2.06) adjusted. For African @entity0 , the risk of delivery less than 37 weeks was not significantly raised; for delivery less than 34 weeks, the OR (95% CI) was 1.88 (0.99-3.58) unadjusted and 1.78 (0.93-3.40) adjusted; for delivery less than 28 weeks, the OR (95% CI) was 4.02 (1.60-10.12) unadjusted and 4.10 (1.66-10.16) adjusted. In Afro-Caribbeans, @entity1 and marital status explained the differences between the unadjusted and adjusted ORs. There was a linear relation between @entity1 and @entity2 for all ethnic groups, except for Asians. CONCLUSIONS: Factors associated with @entity1 and marital status explain about half of the excess of preterm births in Afro-Caribbeans, but not Africans. The risk of @entity2 might not be related to @entity1 in Asians.

title: The risk of XXXX in @entity0 from different ethnic groups.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine whether routinely measured variables explained the increased risk of @entity2 in some UK ethnic groups. DESIGN: Cross sectional study of deliveries recorded in the @entity0 Health Record System. SETTING: North Birmingham, UK. POPULATION: All North Birmingham @entity0 delivering singletons, 1994-1997 inclusive. METHOD: Logistic regression. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for @entity2 , defined as less than 37 weeks, less than 34 weeks and less than 28 weeks, unadjusted and adjusted for maternal age, an area-based socio-economic status measure, and marital status, year of birth, fetal sex and past obstetric history. RESULTS: For Afro-Caribbean @entity0 , the ORs (95% CIs) were: for delivery less than 37 weeks, 1.44 (1.26-1.64) unadjusted and 1.22 (1.07-1.41) adjusted; for delivery less than 34 weeks, 1.55 (1.25-1.92) unadjusted and 1.29 (1.02-1.61) adjusted; for delivery less than 28 weeks, 1.66 (1.08-2.55) unadjusted and 1.32 (0.84-2.06) adjusted. For African @entity0 , the risk of delivery less than 37 weeks was not significantly raised; for delivery less than 34 weeks, the OR (95% CI) was 1.88 (0.99-3.58) unadjusted and 1.78 (0.93-3.40) adjusted; for delivery less than 28 weeks, the OR (95% CI) was 4.02 (1.60-10.12) unadjusted and 4.10 (1.66-10.16) adjusted. In Afro-Caribbeans, @entity1 and marital status explained the differences between the unadjusted and adjusted ORs. There was a linear relation between @entity1 and @entity2 for all ethnic groups, except for Asians. CONCLUSIONS: Factors associated with @entity1 and marital status explain about half of the excess of preterm births in Afro-Caribbeans, but not Africans. The risk of @entity2 might not be related to @entity1 in Asians.

title: The risk of @entity2 in XXXX from different ethnic groups.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study evaluated the contribution of acute parenchymal rejection and @entity1 to the development of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in totally allogeneic @entity0 cardiac transplants. BALB/c ( @entity9 ) hearts were transplanted into wild-type C57BL/6 (B6, H-2b) or B6 @entity1 -deficient (GKO) recipient @entity0 . Assessing the role of acute parenchymal rejection in the @entity3 process involved two different immunosuppression protocols using anti- @entity6 and -CD8 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs): virtually complete long-term immunosuppression (denoted as complete immunosuppression) was achieved by administering both MAbs 6, 3, and 1 day before transplantation and weekly thereafter; in contradistinction, a single, early, transient episode of rejection (transient rejection) was attained by administering MAbs beginning 4 days after transplant and then at weekly intervals. The extent and duration of T cell depletion under these two regimens were evaluated using flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes. After a single injection of MAbs, peripheral blood @entity6 + and CD8+ T cell depletion was approximately 98% at 1 week and approximately 88% at 2 weeks. After three injections (analogous to days 6, 3, and 1 before transplant), peripheral blood @entity6 + and CD8+ T cell depletion was >98% at 2 weeks and approximately 87% at 4 weeks. Functioning cardiac allografts were removed at 8 and 12 weeks after transplant and analyzed by @entity4 and @entity5 , elastic tissue, and immunohistochemical stains, and the severity of parenchymal rejection versus @entity3 was scored. With complete immunosuppression (antibody before and after transplant), BALB/c allografts showed little parenchymal rejection or @entity3 , suggesting that persistent depletion of T cells blocked subsequent development of @entity3 . However, even a single transient acute rejection episode allowed the subsequent development of @entity3 accompanied by augmented major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, @entity8 , and @entity10 expression at 12 weeks; these allografts showed no residual @entity6 + or CD8+ T cells. In comparison, allografts undergoing transient rejection in GKO recipients did not develop @entity3 , despite persistent macrophage and natural killer cell (NK) infiltrates comparable to those seen in wild-type recipients. Moreover, the arterioles of hearts transplanted into GKO recipients showed no or minimal increases in MHC class II, @entity10 , and @entity8 relative to baseline expression. In conclusion, a single episode of @entity2 mediated by T cells suffices to evoke subsequent graft @entity7 , even in the absence of additional T-cell-mediated injury, and the process appears to depend on @entity1 .

title: Coronary arteriosclerosis after T-cell-mediated injury in transplanted @entity0 hearts: role of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study evaluated the contribution of acute parenchymal rejection and @entity1 to the development of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in totally allogeneic @entity0 cardiac transplants. BALB/c ( @entity9 ) hearts were transplanted into wild-type C57BL/6 (B6, H-2b) or B6 @entity1 -deficient (GKO) recipient @entity0 . Assessing the role of acute parenchymal rejection in the @entity3 process involved two different immunosuppression protocols using anti- @entity6 and -CD8 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs): virtually complete long-term immunosuppression (denoted as complete immunosuppression) was achieved by administering both MAbs 6, 3, and 1 day before transplantation and weekly thereafter; in contradistinction, a single, early, transient episode of rejection (transient rejection) was attained by administering MAbs beginning 4 days after transplant and then at weekly intervals. The extent and duration of T cell depletion under these two regimens were evaluated using flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes. After a single injection of MAbs, peripheral blood @entity6 + and CD8+ T cell depletion was approximately 98% at 1 week and approximately 88% at 2 weeks. After three injections (analogous to days 6, 3, and 1 before transplant), peripheral blood @entity6 + and CD8+ T cell depletion was >98% at 2 weeks and approximately 87% at 4 weeks. Functioning cardiac allografts were removed at 8 and 12 weeks after transplant and analyzed by @entity4 and @entity5 , elastic tissue, and immunohistochemical stains, and the severity of parenchymal rejection versus @entity3 was scored. With complete immunosuppression (antibody before and after transplant), BALB/c allografts showed little parenchymal rejection or @entity3 , suggesting that persistent depletion of T cells blocked subsequent development of @entity3 . However, even a single transient acute rejection episode allowed the subsequent development of @entity3 accompanied by augmented major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, @entity8 , and @entity10 expression at 12 weeks; these allografts showed no residual @entity6 + or CD8+ T cells. In comparison, allografts undergoing transient rejection in GKO recipients did not develop @entity3 , despite persistent macrophage and natural killer cell (NK) infiltrates comparable to those seen in wild-type recipients. Moreover, the arterioles of hearts transplanted into GKO recipients showed no or minimal increases in MHC class II, @entity10 , and @entity8 relative to baseline expression. In conclusion, a single episode of @entity2 mediated by T cells suffices to evoke subsequent graft @entity7 , even in the absence of additional T-cell-mediated injury, and the process appears to depend on @entity1 .

title: Coronary arteriosclerosis after T-cell-mediated injury in transplanted XXXX hearts: role of @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Microgliosis and astrogliosis are standard pathological features of @entity3 . Microglia are primed by chronic @entity3 such that toll-like receptor agonists, such as @entity5 , drive exaggerated cytokine responses on this background. However, sterile inflammatory insults are more common than direct CNS @entity4 in the degenerating brain and these insults drive robust @entity6 and @entity7 responses. It is unclear whether these pro-inflammatory cytokines can directly induce exaggerated responses in the degenerating brain. We hypothesized that glial cells in the hippocampus of animals with @entity3 ( @entity8 ) would display exaggerated responses to central cytokine challenges. @entity7 or @entity6 were administered intrahippocampally to ME7-inoculated @entity0 and normal brain homogenate-injected (NBH) controls. Both @entity6 and @entity7 produced much more robust @entity6 synthesis in ME7 than in NBH animals and this occurred exclusively in microglia. However, there was strong nuclear localization of the NFkB subunit @entity10 in the astrocyte population, associated with marked astrocytic synthesis of the chemokines @entity11 and @entity9 in response to both cytokine challenges in ME7 animals. Conversely, very limited expression of these chemokines was apparent in NBH animals similarly challenged. Thus, astrocytes are primed in the degenerating brain to produce exaggerated chemokine responses to acute stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, this results in markedly increased neutrophil, T-cell, and monocyte infiltration in the diseased brain. These data have significant implications for acute sterile inflammatory insults such as @entity1 and @entity2 occurring on a background of aging or @entity3 .

title: Astrocytes Are Primed by Chronic Neurodegeneration to Produce Exaggerated Chemokine and Cell Infiltration Responses to Acute Stimulation with the Cytokines XXXX and @entity7 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Microgliosis and astrogliosis are standard pathological features of @entity3 . Microglia are primed by chronic @entity3 such that toll-like receptor agonists, such as @entity5 , drive exaggerated cytokine responses on this background. However, sterile inflammatory insults are more common than direct CNS @entity4 in the degenerating brain and these insults drive robust @entity6 and @entity7 responses. It is unclear whether these pro-inflammatory cytokines can directly induce exaggerated responses in the degenerating brain. We hypothesized that glial cells in the hippocampus of animals with @entity3 ( @entity8 ) would display exaggerated responses to central cytokine challenges. @entity7 or @entity6 were administered intrahippocampally to ME7-inoculated @entity0 and normal brain homogenate-injected (NBH) controls. Both @entity6 and @entity7 produced much more robust @entity6 synthesis in ME7 than in NBH animals and this occurred exclusively in microglia. However, there was strong nuclear localization of the NFkB subunit @entity10 in the astrocyte population, associated with marked astrocytic synthesis of the chemokines @entity11 and @entity9 in response to both cytokine challenges in ME7 animals. Conversely, very limited expression of these chemokines was apparent in NBH animals similarly challenged. Thus, astrocytes are primed in the degenerating brain to produce exaggerated chemokine responses to acute stimulation with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, this results in markedly increased neutrophil, T-cell, and monocyte infiltration in the diseased brain. These data have significant implications for acute sterile inflammatory insults such as @entity1 and @entity2 occurring on a background of aging or @entity3 .

title: Astrocytes Are Primed by Chronic Neurodegeneration to Produce Exaggerated Chemokine and Cell Infiltration Responses to Acute Stimulation with the Cytokines @entity6 and XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: This study examined whether long-term @entity1 ( @entity1 ) training improved numerical processing efficiency and at what stage of information processing the effect appeard. Thirty-three @entity0 participated in the study and were randomly assigned to two groups at primary school entry, matched for age, gender and IQ. All @entity0 went through the same curriculum except that the abacus group received a 2-h/per week @entity1 training, while the control group did traditional numerical practice for a similar amount of time. After a 2-year training, they were tested with a numerical Stroop task. Electroencephalographic (EEG) and event related potential (ERP) recording techniques were used to monitor the temporal dynamics during the task. @entity0 were required to determine the numerical magnitude (NC) (NC task) or the physical size (PC task) of two numbers presented simultaneously. In the NC task, the @entity1 group showed faster response times but similar accuracy compared to the control group. In the PC task, the two groups exhibited the same speed and accuracy. The saliency of numerical information relative to physical information was greater in @entity1 group. With regards to ERP results, the @entity1 group displayed congruity effects both in the earlier (N1) and later (N2 and LPC (late positive component) time domain, while the control group only displayed congruity effects for LPC. In the left parietal region, LPC amplitudes were larger for the @entity1 than the control group. Individual differences for LPC amplitudes over left parietal area showed a positive correlation with RTs in the NC task in both congruent and neutral conditions. After controlling for the N2 amplitude, this correlation also became significant in the incongruent condition. Our results suggest that @entity1 training can strengthen the relationship between symbolic representation and numerical magnitude so that numerical information processing becomes quicker and automatic in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Numerical processing efficiency improved in XXXX using mental abacus: ERP evidence utilizing a numerical Stroop task.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 -derived enzymes are widely used as dough additives in the baking industry. These enzymes may give rise to immunoglobulin (Ig)E-mediated sensitization and occupational @entity4 . Glucoamylase (or amyloglucosidase) is an important industrial enzyme obtained from @entity9 and used to provide fermentable @entity7 for @entity3 to improve loaf volume and texture. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to investigate the potential allergenic role of glucoamylase in @entity8 . METHODS: We report four subjects with work-related @entity1 respiratory symptoms who were exposed to glucoamylase and other starch-cleaving enzymes used as baking additives. The causative role of glucoamylase in work-related @entity4 was investigated by immunologic tests and specific inhalation challenges (SIC). Glucoamylase allergenic components were characterized by @entity6 - @entity5 gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. RESULTS: Skin prick tests to glucoamylase (10 mg/mL) gave a positive response in all @entity0 . Further, a positive skin prick test to alpha-amylase was obtained in the four @entity0 and to hemicellulase in two of them. SIC to glucoamylase elicited isolated early asthmatic responses in the three @entity0 tested, and SIC to alpha-amylase elicited early asthmatic responses in two @entity0 and a dual asthmatic response in another @entity0 . Immunoblotting with glucoamylase showed several IgE-binding bands with molecular masses between 33 and 96 kD. IgE-inhibition assays showed scarce to moderate allergenic cross-reactivity between glucoamylase and alpha-amylase. CONCLUSIONS: These bakers had developed IgE-mediated occupational @entity4 to glucoamylase and alpha-amylase. @entity2 is widely used as a baking additive and this enzyme may give rise to @entity1 respiratory reactions among exposed workers.

title: Glucoamylase: another fungal enzyme associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Electrographic changes after insect stings have been reported both with and without systemic symptoms. To our knowledge, however, there have been no reported cases of @entity1 in the maintenance phase of venom or pollen immunotherapy. OBJECTIVE: We report a case of a @entity0 who developed paroxysmal @entity2 after receiving venom and pollen immunotherapy. This @entity0 was initially evaluated in an outpatient setting, and the events described occurred at an allergist's private office. We believe this is an atypical presentation and would be very pertinent to the practicing allergist. METHODS: This @entity0 was under the care of a clinical allergist in a private practice with associations to a teaching hospital. Interventions were as described in the body of the paper, more specifically venom and pollen maintenance immunotherapy followed by two doses of 0.3 mL of 1:1,000 concentration epinephrine intramuscularly. RESULTS: @entity0 was found to be in @entity2 along with systemic symptoms immediately after administration of immunotherapy. After epinephrine administration, @entity0 converted back to normal sinus rhythm and systemic symptoms resolved. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 is an atypical presentation of a systemic reaction to immunotherapy.

title: XXXX associated with anaphylaxis during venom and pollen immunotherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 in @entity0 is a catastrophic, life-threatening event. OBJECTIVE: To compare and contrast 2 decades of data, analyzing the underlying causes, associated multiple organ system failures, outcome of dialysis procedures, and other variables of interest. DESIGN: Retrospective examination of clinical data collected between January 1, 1979, and December 31, 1998. SETTING: Regional health care center in the mid-Atlantic area. @entity0 : Two hundred twenty-eight @entity0 , aged from 1 day to 18 years, had @entity4 and were referred to a pediatric nephrology service. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Characteristics, percentage of mortality, intensive care unit admission, procedures, and other variables and causes of @entity4 . RESULTS: The total number of cases analyzed represented 7% of all @entity0 presented to the pediatric nephrology service. Sex distribution, ethnicity, and survival statistics were unchanged between both decades. The overall survival rate was 73%. One hundred fifty-four @entity0 (68%) were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit. The following 106 acute extracorporeal procedures were performed on 93 @entity0 (41%): 12 @entity0 received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, 52 @entity0 underwent peritoneal dialysis, 32 underwent hemodialysis, 3 @entity0 received continuous venovenous hemofiltration, and 7 @entity0 received continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration. @entity1 and burns, other leading causes of @entity4 in the first decade, are replaced in the second decade by @entity5 and @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 following repair of @entity2 remains unchanged as a leading risk factor of mortality in both decades. Three organ system failures were associated with more than a 50% mortality rate. Predialysis low serum @entity6 concentrations emerged as a significant copredictor of mortality.

title: XXXX : a pediatric experience over 20 years.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report clinical, neuropathological, and outcome data for a series of adult @entity0 with focal @entity9 (fFLE) who underwent nonlobar resection restricted to the frontal lobe. METHODS: Sixty-eight adult cases (24 female and 44 male @entity0 ) were included in the study, on the basis of prospectively collected data that were retrospectively evaluated. There were 68 lesionectomies, 17 of which were combined with multiple subpial transection, with a mean follow-up period of 28.4 +/- 23.3 months. Cases involving additional extrafrontal surgery were excluded. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity0 underwent invasive preoperative evaluations, and 31 underwent noninvasive evaluations. Intraoperative electrocorticography was used in 32% of cases. There were 24 @entity1 , 18 @entity4 , 14 @entity4 , and 10 @entity7 . Fifteen @entity1 were of glial origin, one was a @entity12 , and eight were @entity11 . The most common @entity4 were @entity8 (15 cases). Outcomes (classified into four Engel groups) were as follows: Class I, 54%; Class II, 19%; Class III, 15%; Class IV, 12%. @entity6 -free rates were comparable for @entity1 and @entity13 cases and were not as good for @entity7 and @entity10 cases. Outcome differences were not significant with respect to aura presence, side of surgery, age at the time of surgery, and age at @entity6 onset. There were 3 cases of surgical complications, 10 cases of transient @entity2 , and 1 case involving a permanent @entity3 . No @entity5 occurred. CONCLUSION: Outcomes with fFLE surgery have improved, compared with historical series. fFLE resections restricted to the frontal lobe did not yield @entity6 -free rates as good as those for comparable nonfocal @entity9 series. All fFLE cases demonstrated histological lesions. fFLE surgery was associated with a higher risk of transient @entity3 , most likely because of the necessity for multiple subpial transection. The outcomes and higher rates of invasive evaluations and intraoperative electrocorticography indicate the special @entity9 . The permanent @entity2 rate was low in this series, and there were no @entity5 .

title: Surgery to treat focal XXXX in adults.

answer: @entity9


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Swedish @entity1 registry (SMSreg) is designed to assure quality health care for @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). It has been active since 2001 and web-based since 2004. It runs on government funding only and is used in all Swedish neurology departments. The SMSreg currently includes data on 14,500 of Sweden's estimated 17,500 prevalent @entity0 with @entity1 . One important function of SMSreg, to which participation is voluntary, is to serve as a tool for decision support and to provide an easy overview of the @entity0 information needed at clinical visits. This is its core feature and explains why the majority of Swedish @entity1 specialists contribute data. Another success factor for SMSreg is that entered data can be readily accessed, either through a query function into Excel format or through a set of predesigned tables and diagrams in which parameters can be selected. Recent development includes a portal allowing @entity0 to view a summary of their registered data and to report a set of @entity0 -reported outcomes. SMSreg data have been used in close to 100 published scientific reports. Current projects include an incidence cohort (EIMS), post-marketing cohorts of @entity0 on novel disease-modifying drugs (IMSE), and a prevalence cohort (GEMS). As these studies combine physical sampling and questionnaire data with clinical documentation and possible linkage to other public registries, together they provide an excellent platform for integrated @entity1 research.

title: The Swedish XXXX registry - clinical support tool and scientific resource.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: We describe a case of an unruptured anterior communicating @entity4 that was treated successfully with Guglielmi detachable coils, which subsequently ruptured 23 months after initial therapy. This report discusses only the second published case of an unruptured lesion that was well embolized (>95% occlusion) and stable at 6-month angiographic follow-up that ruptured in a delayed fashion almost 2 years after the primary procedure. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: An 80-year-old @entity0 presented in Hunt and Hess Grade IV as a result of a @entity6 communicating @entity3 . The @entity0 had undergone endovascular therapy 23 months earlier with documented nearly complete (1-mm residual neck) occlusion at 0 and 6 months. INTERVENTION: The @entity0 underwent diagnostic catheter angiography at the time of admission, which revealed a 10-mm @entity4 adjacent to the previously embolized lesion. No further therapy was administered, and the @entity0 died within 24 hours as a result of ictus. The request for an autopsy was denied. CONCLUSION: @entity5 after Guglielmi detachable coil embolization is a rare event. Most cases involve previously @entity1 . To the best of our knowledge, only one previous case of delayed @entity2 of an unruptured @entity4 that was managed endovascularly has been published in the English-language literature. This second case points to the need for vigilance in the follow-up of @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Delayed XXXX of a previously coiled unruptured anterior communicating @entity3 : case report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE: We describe a case of an unruptured anterior communicating @entity4 that was treated successfully with Guglielmi detachable coils, which subsequently ruptured 23 months after initial therapy. This report discusses only the second published case of an unruptured lesion that was well embolized (>95% occlusion) and stable at 6-month angiographic follow-up that ruptured in a delayed fashion almost 2 years after the primary procedure. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: An 80-year-old @entity0 presented in Hunt and Hess Grade IV as a result of a @entity6 communicating @entity3 . The @entity0 had undergone endovascular therapy 23 months earlier with documented nearly complete (1-mm residual neck) occlusion at 0 and 6 months. INTERVENTION: The @entity0 underwent diagnostic catheter angiography at the time of admission, which revealed a 10-mm @entity4 adjacent to the previously embolized lesion. No further therapy was administered, and the @entity0 died within 24 hours as a result of ictus. The request for an autopsy was denied. CONCLUSION: @entity5 after Guglielmi detachable coil embolization is a rare event. Most cases involve previously @entity1 . To the best of our knowledge, only one previous case of delayed @entity2 of an unruptured @entity4 that was managed endovascularly has been published in the English-language literature. This second case points to the need for vigilance in the follow-up of @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Delayed @entity2 of a previously coiled unruptured anterior communicating XXXX : case report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multivariate analyses has shown that the status of @entity4 and the depth of @entity2 penetration through the gastric wall are the most important prognostic factors in @entity0 with advanced @entity3 after curative operation. A clinicopathological study was carried out to clarify a simple and optimal prognostic indicator for @entity3 . METHODS: Retrospective analyses of 982 @entity0 with @entity3 (562 with mucosal [M] and 420 with submucosal [SM] @entity2 ) treated by gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection were performed. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity4 from M and @entity2 was 2.5% (14/562) and 20.2% (85/420), respectively. There were no apparent prognostic indicators in @entity0 with @entity2 . In @entity0 with @entity2 , the @entity2 -specific 5-year survival of those with @entity4 was significantly lower than that of those without such @entity1 (77.6% vs 98.2%; P < 0.001). An sharp decrease in survival was seen between @entity0 with two positive nodes and those with three positive nodes, and the @entity2 -specific 5-year survival rate of @entity0 with three or more metastatic lymph nodes was significantly lower than that of those with one or two nodes (P < 0.001; univariate analysis). Multivariate analysis revealed that the involvement of three or more lymph nodes was the sole independent prognostic determinant (P = 0.016); the level of nodal @entity1 was not an independent prognostic factor (P = 0.384). All @entity0 with N2 lymph node echelons (according to the Japanese Research Society for @entity3 classification of the draining lymph nodes of the stomach) in the group with one or two positive nodes survived for more than 5 years. CONCLUSION: The sole independent prognostic factor in SM @entity3 is the involvement of three or more metastatic lymph nodes. We suggest that this simple prognostic indicator for the follow-up of @entity3 , and this could lead to potentially effective adjuvant chemotherapy.

title: Involvement of three or more lymph nodes predicts poor prognosis in submucosal XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between dietary intake and @entity1 among adolescent females initiating depot @entity5 (DMPA). DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: Two urban Adolescent Medicine clinics. @entity0 : 45 postmenarchal females, age 12 to 21, enrolled after self-selecting to initiate DMPA. INTERVENTION: @entity0 received 150  mg DMPA intramuscularly every 12  weeks. Height, weight, and 24-hour dietary recall were collected at baseline, 3, 6, and 12  months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Body mass index (BMI) over time calculated as weight (kg)/height (m(2)). Associations between dietary variables and BMI were evaluated with repeated measures analysis of variance modeling. RESULTS: Mean chronological and gynecologic ages were 16.2      1.5 and 4.2      1.8  years, respectively. Mean BMI increased from 23.7      5.3 to 25.3      5.7 over 12  months. Average dietary intake included: 1781.4      554.1 total kilocalories, 228.5  g      69.8 @entity3 , 71.0  g      27.3 fat, and 61.0  g      20.2 protein. These diet measures were not associated with BMI over time. Dietary fiber, @entity2 , and @entity4 were inversely associated with increased BMI over time (P  <  .05) CONCLUSION: We found no evidence that general measures of diet (energy, @entity3 , fat, and protein), as assessed by 24-hour recall, were predictive of @entity1 on DMPA. Several nutrients abundant in foods that benefit overall health were inversely associated with increased BMI over time, suggesting that diet quality, rather than quantity, is a more important predictor of DMPA-associated @entity1 .

title: Dietary Intake and Weight Gain Among Adolescents on Depot XXXX .

answer: @entity5