abstract: Serum carboxypeptidases N (EC. 3.4.17.3) were determined spectrophotometrically in 87 @entity0 with disturbances of thyroid function and in 131 euthyroid individuals, including 33 @entity0 taking estrogens for contraception. Carboxypeptidases N (CN) can be subdivided into @entity3 and @entity4 , according to variable substrate affinity. In addition, measurements of blood pressure and in vitro tests of thyroid function were performed. In euthyroid controls, @entity3 was negatively correlated with age. No significant differences between @entity3 and @entity4 have been observed with regard to sex. In @entity0 with @entity2 , the mean values of both enzymes were elevated, but this tendency proved to be significant only for @entity4 . In @entity1 @entity0 @entity3 and @entity4 levels were normal. Elevations of @entity3 and @entity4 in the @entity2 state seem not to be related to underlying immunological processes but to the thyroid hormone excess itself. In euthyroid @entity0 taking estrogens for contraception @entity4 was also elevated.

title: Alterations of carboxypeptidases N activities in XXXX with thyroid dysfunction.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the procedure-related complications of rapid amniodrainage in the treatment of @entity2 . METHODS: We followed prospectively all @entity0 with @entity2 treated with rapid amniodrainage under continuous ultrasound guidance using a vacuum wound-drainage system from 1995 to 2002 in the fetal medicine unit of a university teaching hospital. We recorded: maternal age, type of pregnancy (singleton/twin), cause of @entity2 , gestational age at amniocentesis, volume of amniotic fluid drained, duration of the procedure, other intrauterine procedures in addition to the amniodrainage, and procedure-related complications including @entity5 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity6 , fetal @entity1 and @entity3 within 48 h of amniodrainage. RESULTS: Seventy-four consecutive @entity0 had 134 rapid amniodrainage procedures during the study period. Four procedures were excluded because the @entity0 were already in labor at the time of amniodrainage and they delivered within 48 h of the procedure. The final database therefore consisted of 70 @entity0 with 130 procedures. Sixty-two percent (80/130) of the procedures were performed for the treatment of @entity7 ( @entity7 ). There were altogether four procedure-related complications (3.1%; 95% CI, 1.0-8.0%). Three of them occurred in the @entity7 group (3/80 procedures, 3.8%; 95% CI, 1.0-11.0%): one case each of @entity5 , @entity4 and fetal @entity1 . One @entity4 occurred in the non- @entity7 group (1/50 procedures, 2.0%; 95% CI, 0-11.0%). In both cases of @entity4 the @entity0 presented in labor. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid amniodrainage using a vacuum wound-drainage system is safe and efficient to treat severe @entity2 , with a 3.1% complication rate.

title: Procedure-related complications of rapid amniodrainage in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find out whether the use of hospital days in all @entity1 inpatient services in the province of Lower Austria is equally distributed among @entity0 or whether subgroups with different intensity of hospital day use can be identified, and if so, how these subgroups can be characterized. METHODS: Data collected for administrative purposes for all three inpatient services of Lower Austria were analyzed for the years 1996 to 2000. Record Linkage allowed to identify @entity0 who had used several of these hospitals within the respective study periods. Cumulative hospital days per @entity0 were calculated for each of the years studied and the distribution of these cumulative hospital days was analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 202 996 hospital days accrued in the year 1996, 44.5 % were consumed by @entity0 who continuously stayed in hospital during the whole year ("static" population). In 2000 this percentage had dropped to 16.3 %; also the total number of hospital days had decreased by one third to 141 738. Of those @entity0 , who had at least once been admitted and/or discharged during a specific year ("dynamic population"), a stable proportion of around 17.0 % were responsible for 50.0 % of all hospital days. These @entity0 were more frequently of female sex, significantly younger, had more often repeated admissions and suffered more frequently from @entity2 than the rest of the group. CONCLUSIONS: The astonishing finding that, despite substantial change in the system of @entity1 care over five years, the percentage of @entity0 with high values for cumulative hospital days remains constant, warrants further analyses. In such analyses not only @entity0 and illness characteristics should be studied (which is suggested by the terms "heavy users" and "high utilizers"), but also factors such as the social context of the @entity0 , the existence or non-existence of community @entity1 services and their functioning, as well as existing or non-existing financial incentives for single services.

title: [Days in XXXX hospitals: who consumes most of them? A five-year record linkage study of "Heavy Users" in an Austrian province].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastric PCO2 measured by balloon tonometry can estimate the adequacy of splanchnic perfusion. However, enteral feeding and gastric content can interfere with @entity1 assessment. Tonometry in other sites of the body could avoid these problems. We therefore tested the hypothesis that oesophageal air tonometry would give results similar to gastric tonometry. METHODS: We studied 20 consecutive @entity0 (mean age 68 (SD 9) [range 49-81] yr, 18 males, SAPS II score 55 (SD 18), ICU mortality 55%) with @entity3 during mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. Tonometer probes were placed via the nose, one into the stomach and the other in the oesophagus. PCO2 was measured with two automated gas analysers, at admission and 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 32, 40, and 48 h thereafter. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-eight paired measurements were obtained. Gastric PCO2 was greater than oesophageal PCO2 on admission (7.19 (1.43) vs 5.89 (0.73) kPa, P < 0.01) and subsequently. Differences between the measures correlated (r = 0.67) with the mean absolute value, indicating that overestimation increased as @entity1 increased. CONCLUSIONS: Oesophageal PCO2 is less than @entity1 , and the difference is greater when @entity1 levels are greater. Air tonometry may not measure regional PCO2 levels in the oesophagus satisfactorily. Other methods and sites for @entity2 tonometry should be examined.

title: Comparison of oesophageal and gastric air tonometry in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gastric PCO2 measured by balloon tonometry can estimate the adequacy of splanchnic perfusion. However, enteral feeding and gastric content can interfere with @entity1 assessment. Tonometry in other sites of the body could avoid these problems. We therefore tested the hypothesis that oesophageal air tonometry would give results similar to gastric tonometry. METHODS: We studied 20 consecutive @entity0 (mean age 68 (SD 9) [range 49-81] yr, 18 males, SAPS II score 55 (SD 18), ICU mortality 55%) with @entity3 during mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. Tonometer probes were placed via the nose, one into the stomach and the other in the oesophagus. PCO2 was measured with two automated gas analysers, at admission and 30 min, 1, 2, 3, 32, 40, and 48 h thereafter. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-eight paired measurements were obtained. Gastric PCO2 was greater than oesophageal PCO2 on admission (7.19 (1.43) vs 5.89 (0.73) kPa, P < 0.01) and subsequently. Differences between the measures correlated (r = 0.67) with the mean absolute value, indicating that overestimation increased as @entity1 increased. CONCLUSIONS: Oesophageal PCO2 is less than @entity1 , and the difference is greater when @entity1 levels are greater. Air tonometry may not measure regional PCO2 levels in the oesophagus satisfactorily. Other methods and sites for @entity2 tonometry should be examined.

title: Comparison of oesophageal and gastric air tonometry in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Pregnant female albino @entity1 were treated orally with @entity6 dissolved in distilled water. Treatment at 100 mg/kg day 16 until day 20 of gestation caused marked maternal @entity2 including @entity5 . For the progeny increased rates of prenatal and postnatal mortality were noted. In part of the progeny sacrificed near term by Caesarean section, the visceral examination of the fetuses revealed an enlargement of the renal pelves in association with rudimentary or missing papillae. The @entity0 are interpreted as being consistent with a @entity3 due to specific @entity4 activity. After birth, i.e. after termination of maternal treatment, slight to moderate structural changes of the kidney were apparently compensated. 60 mg/kg through days 16-20 of pregnancy caused moderate maternal @entity2 including @entity5 . The offspring showed a postnatal development near the normal range, however, and no @entity0 were recorded. In the view of the nephrotrophic property of @entity4 as known for the adult @entity1 , the results indicate that possible transplacental effects on the fetal kidney as a target organ should be also considered.

title: @entity4 and the developing @entity1 kidney in transplacental target organ XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Pregnant female albino @entity1 were treated orally with @entity6 dissolved in distilled water. Treatment at 100 mg/kg day 16 until day 20 of gestation caused marked maternal @entity2 including @entity5 . For the progeny increased rates of prenatal and postnatal mortality were noted. In part of the progeny sacrificed near term by Caesarean section, the visceral examination of the fetuses revealed an enlargement of the renal pelves in association with rudimentary or missing papillae. The @entity0 are interpreted as being consistent with a @entity3 due to specific @entity4 activity. After birth, i.e. after termination of maternal treatment, slight to moderate structural changes of the kidney were apparently compensated. 60 mg/kg through days 16-20 of pregnancy caused moderate maternal @entity2 including @entity5 . The offspring showed a postnatal development near the normal range, however, and no @entity0 were recorded. In the view of the nephrotrophic property of @entity4 as known for the adult @entity1 , the results indicate that possible transplacental effects on the fetal kidney as a target organ should be also considered.

title: XXXX and the developing @entity1 kidney in transplacental target organ @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Pregnant female albino @entity1 were treated orally with @entity6 dissolved in distilled water. Treatment at 100 mg/kg day 16 until day 20 of gestation caused marked maternal @entity2 including @entity5 . For the progeny increased rates of prenatal and postnatal mortality were noted. In part of the progeny sacrificed near term by Caesarean section, the visceral examination of the fetuses revealed an enlargement of the renal pelves in association with rudimentary or missing papillae. The @entity0 are interpreted as being consistent with a @entity3 due to specific @entity4 activity. After birth, i.e. after termination of maternal treatment, slight to moderate structural changes of the kidney were apparently compensated. 60 mg/kg through days 16-20 of pregnancy caused moderate maternal @entity2 including @entity5 . The offspring showed a postnatal development near the normal range, however, and no @entity0 were recorded. In the view of the nephrotrophic property of @entity4 as known for the adult @entity1 , the results indicate that possible transplacental effects on the fetal kidney as a target organ should be also considered.

title: @entity4 and the developing XXXX kidney in transplacental target organ @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The authors described a case of multiple @entity6 of the @entity5 and the @entity2 , and presented a review of literature. A 42-year-old right-handed @entity0 was admitted to our Dept. of Neurosurgery on October 20, 1983, with left @entity3 and occipitalgia. He had an episode of @entity4 ten years ago, however, its etiology was not clear at neurological examination. This brief episode of @entity3 began on the left side of his face about 9 years ago and has been gradually increasing. Although he has been treated with trigeminal nerve blocks several times, relapses were almost always evident within 6 months after those nerve blocks. On admission, there were no abnormal findings at neurological and physical examination. A CT scan with contrast medium infusion revealed two small @entity8 on the left parietal region and on the @entity2 . A four-vessels cerebral angiogram confirmed the presence of two @entity8 and fenestration of the left vertebral artery. The angiogram also revealed that his severe left @entity7 had been caused by elongation of the anterior pontine segment of left SCA which was the main feeder of the cerebellar AVM. Two stages of surgical operations were carried out at two months interval. The first operation was total @entity2 and microvascular decompression for the left trigeminal nerve. The second was total removal of the left parietal AVM. The postoperative course was uneventful, and angiographically the @entity8 completely disappeared. The @entity0 was discharged without any @entity1 on @entity9 , 1984.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Multiple @entity6 of @entity5 and @entity2 with symptomatic XXXX : a case report].

answer: @entity7


abstract: The authors described a case of multiple @entity6 of the @entity5 and the @entity2 , and presented a review of literature. A 42-year-old right-handed @entity0 was admitted to our Dept. of Neurosurgery on October 20, 1983, with left @entity3 and occipitalgia. He had an episode of @entity4 ten years ago, however, its etiology was not clear at neurological examination. This brief episode of @entity3 began on the left side of his face about 9 years ago and has been gradually increasing. Although he has been treated with trigeminal nerve blocks several times, relapses were almost always evident within 6 months after those nerve blocks. On admission, there were no abnormal findings at neurological and physical examination. A CT scan with contrast medium infusion revealed two small @entity8 on the left parietal region and on the @entity2 . A four-vessels cerebral angiogram confirmed the presence of two @entity8 and fenestration of the left vertebral artery. The angiogram also revealed that his severe left @entity7 had been caused by elongation of the anterior pontine segment of left SCA which was the main feeder of the cerebellar AVM. Two stages of surgical operations were carried out at two months interval. The first operation was total @entity2 and microvascular decompression for the left trigeminal nerve. The second was total removal of the left parietal AVM. The postoperative course was uneventful, and angiographically the @entity8 completely disappeared. The @entity0 was discharged without any @entity1 on @entity9 , 1984.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Multiple @entity6 of XXXX and @entity2 with symptomatic @entity7 : a case report].

answer: @entity5


abstract: The authors described a case of multiple @entity6 of the @entity5 and the @entity2 , and presented a review of literature. A 42-year-old right-handed @entity0 was admitted to our Dept. of Neurosurgery on October 20, 1983, with left @entity3 and occipitalgia. He had an episode of @entity4 ten years ago, however, its etiology was not clear at neurological examination. This brief episode of @entity3 began on the left side of his face about 9 years ago and has been gradually increasing. Although he has been treated with trigeminal nerve blocks several times, relapses were almost always evident within 6 months after those nerve blocks. On admission, there were no abnormal findings at neurological and physical examination. A CT scan with contrast medium infusion revealed two small @entity8 on the left parietal region and on the @entity2 . A four-vessels cerebral angiogram confirmed the presence of two @entity8 and fenestration of the left vertebral artery. The angiogram also revealed that his severe left @entity7 had been caused by elongation of the anterior pontine segment of left SCA which was the main feeder of the cerebellar AVM. Two stages of surgical operations were carried out at two months interval. The first operation was total @entity2 and microvascular decompression for the left trigeminal nerve. The second was total removal of the left parietal AVM. The postoperative course was uneventful, and angiographically the @entity8 completely disappeared. The @entity0 was discharged without any @entity1 on @entity9 , 1984.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Multiple XXXX of @entity5 and @entity2 with symptomatic @entity7 : a case report].

answer: @entity6


abstract: The authors described a case of multiple @entity6 of the @entity5 and the @entity2 , and presented a review of literature. A 42-year-old right-handed @entity0 was admitted to our Dept. of Neurosurgery on October 20, 1983, with left @entity3 and occipitalgia. He had an episode of @entity4 ten years ago, however, its etiology was not clear at neurological examination. This brief episode of @entity3 began on the left side of his face about 9 years ago and has been gradually increasing. Although he has been treated with trigeminal nerve blocks several times, relapses were almost always evident within 6 months after those nerve blocks. On admission, there were no abnormal findings at neurological and physical examination. A CT scan with contrast medium infusion revealed two small @entity8 on the left parietal region and on the @entity2 . A four-vessels cerebral angiogram confirmed the presence of two @entity8 and fenestration of the left vertebral artery. The angiogram also revealed that his severe left @entity7 had been caused by elongation of the anterior pontine segment of left SCA which was the main feeder of the cerebellar AVM. Two stages of surgical operations were carried out at two months interval. The first operation was total @entity2 and microvascular decompression for the left trigeminal nerve. The second was total removal of the left parietal AVM. The postoperative course was uneventful, and angiographically the @entity8 completely disappeared. The @entity0 was discharged without any @entity1 on @entity9 , 1984.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Multiple @entity6 of @entity5 and XXXX with symptomatic @entity7 : a case report].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 are @entity1 often characterized by central precocious puberty and @entity4 . Due to the delicate location surgery is often unsuccessful and associated with considerable risks. In the presented series, Gamma Knife radiosurgery was applied. Four cases (aged between 5-13 years) who presented with medically intractable @entity4 and increasing secondary generalization, @entity3 and precocious puberty (3 cases) are reported. @entity5 sized 11-17 mm had been diagnosed by MR imaging. Radiosurgical treatment was performed in general anaesthesia with margin doses of 12-14 Gy to the 50-90% isodoses covering volumes of 600-2300 mm3. After follow-up periods of 12 to 68 months, a continuing decrease both in @entity2 frequency and intensity was noted (outcome according to Engel: II a (3 cases) and III a (1 case)). All @entity0 are socially reintegrated. MR imaging did not reveal significant changes concerning the size of the lesions. Gamma Knife radiosurgery can be an effective and safe alternative treatment modality for HH capable of achieving good @entity2 control and improving behavioural disorders in selected cases.

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Nonpharmacologic conservative treatments receive too little attention. Depending on the clinical condition of the @entity0 , they may be used alone or in conjunction with other therapies. Their target is the single @entity4 rather than the @entity3 as such. They belong mainly to one of three domains. NONSPECIFIC PREVENTION OF SEIZURES: The first step is the identification of factors facilitating the occurrence of @entity4 . In the second step, strategies to control these factors are developed. Most common are disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle, especially @entity1 . @entity0 should follow a regular sleep schedule with deviations of not >2 h. Sometimes a sleep calendar is helpful. Night shifts are not compatible with @entity4 prevention in these cases. Sleep disturbances as a facilitating factor of @entity4 are particularly common in juvenile @entity6 , in which their avoidance is in many cases an indispensable part of the therapeutic regimen, along with appropriate drug treatment. They are the most common precipitating factor in adolescents and adults with a first @entity3 [mostly generalized tonic-clonic (GTC)] @entity4 . In these instances, their avoidance is central to the secondary prevention of @entity3 developing from the single @entity4 , whereas the prescription of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is rarely effective. Other nonspecific facilitators of @entity4 include uncontrolled use of @entity2 and extraordinary stress. @entity0 must learn how to cope with stressful events. SPECIFIC PREVENTION OF SEIZURES: In @entity7 , specific precipitants of @entity4 are the targets of interventions. Thus, most @entity0 with primary @entity7 begin to have, with prolonged reading, perioral @entity7 , which enable them to stop reading and thus to avoid a GTC @entity4 . In photosensitive @entity0 , @entity4 are often precipitated by television. These can be avoided by viewing from a distance and using a remote control, small screens in a well-lit room, and preferably with a 100-Hz line shift. Environmental flicker stimulation often comes unexpectedly, and it is advisable that the @entity0 always wear sunglasses in brightly lighted surroundings. Polarized glasses seem to be more protective than plain sunglasses. If the @entity0 has only photically induced @entity4 , treatment by specific prevention alone may be sufficient, but if spontaneous @entity4 also occur, drugs must be given in addition. ARREST OF SEIZURES: Focal @entity4 that develop sufficiently slowly to leave the @entity0 time to react may be interrupted by "countermeasures." These, again, may be nonspecific (acting by relaxation, concentration, or a combination of both) or specific. The latter are individually tailored, based either on spontaneous experiences of the @entity0 or on the anatomy of ictogenesis. @entity4 propagation is blocked when a major part of the neurons involved is activated and not recruitable for spread of the @entity3 discharge. @entity4 arrest rarely is used alone but usually in combination with partially successful pharmacotherapy.

title: The role of nonpharmaceutic conservative interventions in the treatment and secondary prevention of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Current literature and a recent meta-analysis suggest a favorable role for corticosteroid injections in the nonoperative treatment of @entity7 [70]. The superior results reported in recent literature may be attributable to precise fluoroscopically guided transforaminal placement of injectate close to the disc-nerve root interface and near the dorsal root ganglia, maximizing the therapeutic effect. The favorable results of corticosteroid injections in the treatment of @entity7 caused by a focal disc herniation are consistent with the biochemical construct of @entity6 . The preliminary unfavorable results of therapeutic SNRB for @entity6 caused by epidural or intraneural @entity4 or occurring after @entity5 may relate to a biomechanical rather than a biochemical etiology. Outcomes for acquired cervical or lumbar spinal stenosis are intermediate compared with those observed for @entity9 and @entity10 or @entity5 . Such results may stem from the multifactorial origin of stenosis symptoms; they may develop from @entity3 , restricted neural glide, @entity1 , or structural @entity5 . Better-designed studies that use strict inclusion criteria that stratify @entity0 into categories according to the mechanism of injury (atraumatic versus traumatic), the presence or absence of @entity2 or @entity8 , and prior treatment will provide the basis for evidence-based treatment decisions. Such an emphasis is just beginning and inevitably will occur. Until then, decisions have to be predicated on the limited and flawed work conducted to date [71]. Nevertheless, the information gleaned from these published reports provides valuable insight not available just a decade ago.

title: Therapeutic spinal corticosteroid injections for the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of high thoracic epidural anaesthesia ( @entity4 ) on the incidence of @entity3 after ligation of the left coronary artery in @entity8 -anaesthetized @entity0 . Forty animals were randomly assigned to receive either 40-50 microliter of @entity5 (5 mg/ml) or saline in implanted thoracic epidural catheters. @entity4 decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 118 +/- 5 mmHg to 72 +/- 4 mmHg and heart rate (HR) from 450 +/- 9 to 387 +/- 8 beats/min, while epidural saline did not affect MAP and HR. In both groups coronary artery ligation induced a transient decrease in MAP within the first 5-10 min after ligation. In the control group HR increased, during the 30-min post-ligation period, from 453 +/- 9 to 474 +/- 10 beats/min (P less than 0.05) while no significant change was seen in the @entity4 group. In both groups the mortality rate was 10%. In the @entity4 group 30% and in the control group 0% had normal sinus rhythm during the recording period (P less than 0.001). The incidence of @entity7 and/or @entity2 was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the @entity4 group (20%) compared to the control group (53%). The incidence of @entity6 did not differ between the two groups. We conclude that @entity4 -induced blockade of sympathetic afferents and efferents may offer protection against malignant @entity3 in the early phase of acute @entity1 .

title: Thoracic epidural anaesthesia decreases the incidence of XXXX during acute myocardial ischaemia in the anaesthetized @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of the present investigation was to study the effect of high thoracic epidural anaesthesia ( @entity4 ) on the incidence of @entity3 after ligation of the left coronary artery in @entity8 -anaesthetized @entity0 . Forty animals were randomly assigned to receive either 40-50 microliter of @entity5 (5 mg/ml) or saline in implanted thoracic epidural catheters. @entity4 decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 118 +/- 5 mmHg to 72 +/- 4 mmHg and heart rate (HR) from 450 +/- 9 to 387 +/- 8 beats/min, while epidural saline did not affect MAP and HR. In both groups coronary artery ligation induced a transient decrease in MAP within the first 5-10 min after ligation. In the control group HR increased, during the 30-min post-ligation period, from 453 +/- 9 to 474 +/- 10 beats/min (P less than 0.05) while no significant change was seen in the @entity4 group. In both groups the mortality rate was 10%. In the @entity4 group 30% and in the control group 0% had normal sinus rhythm during the recording period (P less than 0.001). The incidence of @entity7 and/or @entity2 was significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the @entity4 group (20%) compared to the control group (53%). The incidence of @entity6 did not differ between the two groups. We conclude that @entity4 -induced blockade of sympathetic afferents and efferents may offer protection against malignant @entity3 in the early phase of acute @entity1 .

title: Thoracic epidural anaesthesia decreases the incidence of @entity3 during acute myocardial ischaemia in the anaesthetized XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed in eight @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) at a time when chest roentgeongraphy did not reveal an infiltrate, and respiratory status was stable. BAL was tolerated well by all @entity0 with only one @entity0 experiencing mild wheezing. BAL fluid recovery averaged 40%, and total cells/lavage were 22.3 x 10(6) (range 3.5 to 49.5 x 10(6)). Cell viability, as determined by @entity2 exclusion, averaged 48% (range 34% to 60%). Mean values for cellular elements were macrophages, 62%; epithelial cells, 12%; lymphocytes, 16%; neutrophils (PMN), 4%; and eosinophils, 6%. Isotypic antibodies to @entity1 (Af) in BAL and serum were detected by an amplified indirect ELISA. Antibodies to Af in BAL expressed as optical density/albumin (milligrams per milliliter) were compared to BAL from six nonatopic @entity0 . IgE-Af and IgA-Af in BAL were elevated in @entity0 with @entity3 compared with six nonatopic @entity0 . The ratios of Ig-Af in BAL to peripheral blood in @entity0 with @entity3 were 48 (range 18 to 75) for IgE-Af, 96 (range 37 to 159) for IgA-Af, and 0.94 (range 0.24 to 1.40) for IgG-Af, suggesting local production of IgE-Af and IgA-Af in the bronchoalveolar compartment. Total serum IgE correlated directly with IgE-Af in BAL (rs = 0.67; p less than 0.02). However, the ratio of total BAL IgE/albumin divided by total serum IgE/albumin was 0.93 +/- 0.94, suggesting that the bronchoalveolar compartment is not the source of the significant elevations in total serum IgE in @entity3 .

title: Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage in XXXX : divergent responses of antigen-specific antibodies and total IgE.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the functional outcome in a group of @entity0 treated with full macular translocation (FMT) with 360-degree retinotomy for treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with subfoveal @entity6 . DESIGN: Consecutive interventional case series. METHODS: Fifty consecutive eyes (50 @entity0 ) with @entity4 and @entity7 who underwent a FMT in our department from January 1999 to July 2000 are included in this study. Compensatory muscle surgery, as described by Eckardt and associates, was performed on all the eyes. The median follow-up is 21 months (range, 12 to 36; SD, 5.4). RESULTS: The best-corrected postoperative visual acuity (BCVA) was improved by 2 or more Snellen lines in 33 eyes (66%) and remained stable (+/-1 line) in 14 eyes (28%). Only 3 eyes (6%) experienced a deterioration of the BCVA of 2 or more lines. The final BCVA was 20/50 or better in 32% of the cases; only 8 eyes (16%) had a final BCVA < 20/200. Thirty-four (68%) @entity0 are able to read newspaper print (3.3/10) with normal (+3 diopters to +4 diopters) or increased (+5 diopters to +8 diopters) reading ads. Other @entity0 are able to read with magnifying systems. Complications included proliferative @entity5 (PVR) in 9 eyes (18%), recurrent @entity6 in 5 eyes (10%), @entity3 in 3 eyes (6%), @entity1 in 2 eyes (4%), macular hole in 1 eye, and @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: As 68% of the @entity0 in the study group regained reading vision with reading glasses, FMT can be considered an effective approach in cases of subfoveal @entity6 . Further investigations are necessary to determine which @entity0 will have the most benefit from this complex therapeutic method.

title: Macular translocation with 360 degree retinotomy for management of @entity4 with subfoveal XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the functional outcome in a group of @entity0 treated with full macular translocation (FMT) with 360-degree retinotomy for treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with subfoveal @entity6 . DESIGN: Consecutive interventional case series. METHODS: Fifty consecutive eyes (50 @entity0 ) with @entity4 and @entity7 who underwent a FMT in our department from January 1999 to July 2000 are included in this study. Compensatory muscle surgery, as described by Eckardt and associates, was performed on all the eyes. The median follow-up is 21 months (range, 12 to 36; SD, 5.4). RESULTS: The best-corrected postoperative visual acuity (BCVA) was improved by 2 or more Snellen lines in 33 eyes (66%) and remained stable (+/-1 line) in 14 eyes (28%). Only 3 eyes (6%) experienced a deterioration of the BCVA of 2 or more lines. The final BCVA was 20/50 or better in 32% of the cases; only 8 eyes (16%) had a final BCVA < 20/200. Thirty-four (68%) @entity0 are able to read newspaper print (3.3/10) with normal (+3 diopters to +4 diopters) or increased (+5 diopters to +8 diopters) reading ads. Other @entity0 are able to read with magnifying systems. Complications included proliferative @entity5 (PVR) in 9 eyes (18%), recurrent @entity6 in 5 eyes (10%), @entity3 in 3 eyes (6%), @entity1 in 2 eyes (4%), macular hole in 1 eye, and @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: As 68% of the @entity0 in the study group regained reading vision with reading glasses, FMT can be considered an effective approach in cases of subfoveal @entity6 . Further investigations are necessary to determine which @entity0 will have the most benefit from this complex therapeutic method.

title: Macular translocation with 360 degree retinotomy for management of XXXX with subfoveal @entity6 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: When ingested, pectin can lower serum @entity1 levels in @entity0 . Pectin is degraded by fecal bacteria in the colon. We examined the release of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) by this degradation. A 0.2% @entity2 (2 g/L) mixture was used as the control medium. A pure culture of pectinolytic @entity6 was the control bacterium. The chief substrates were, in set 1, 0.2% pectin (2 g/L) and, in set 2, 0.1% @entity2 (1 g/L) and 0.1% pectin (1 g/L). Cultures of fecal bacteria and @entity6 grew for 72 h in each of the solutions. By 72 h the fecal flora culture in set 1 cleaved 30% of the possible @entity5 groups on pectin. The fecal flora in set 2 cleaved 90.7% of all possible @entity5 groups. Balance studies suggest that all of the free @entity4 comes from @entity5 groups on pectin. This study demonstrates that fecal bacteria are capable of degrading pectin to release @entity4 .

title: XXXX production from the degradation of pectin by @entity0 colonic bacteria.

answer: @entity3


abstract: When ingested, pectin can lower serum @entity1 levels in @entity0 . Pectin is degraded by fecal bacteria in the colon. We examined the release of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) by this degradation. A 0.2% @entity2 (2 g/L) mixture was used as the control medium. A pure culture of pectinolytic @entity6 was the control bacterium. The chief substrates were, in set 1, 0.2% pectin (2 g/L) and, in set 2, 0.1% @entity2 (1 g/L) and 0.1% pectin (1 g/L). Cultures of fecal bacteria and @entity6 grew for 72 h in each of the solutions. By 72 h the fecal flora culture in set 1 cleaved 30% of the possible @entity5 groups on pectin. The fecal flora in set 2 cleaved 90.7% of all possible @entity5 groups. Balance studies suggest that all of the free @entity4 comes from @entity5 groups on pectin. This study demonstrates that fecal bacteria are capable of degrading pectin to release @entity4 .

title: @entity3 production from the degradation of pectin by XXXX colonic bacteria.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Forty-three @entity0 were enlisted in the in-vivo test for sensitivity of Kampuchean strains of @entity5 to @entity6 . The mean parasite density count on day 0 was 32,398 asexual parasites per microliter of blood. With a dosage of 1.5 g @entity6 base daily for 10 days the average parasite clearance time was 5.6 days, and the average duration of @entity1 3.4 days. The in-vivo test was evaluated at 7 and 10 days after the start of therapy. After 7 days only 16 @entity0 were parasite negative by microscopic examination (S); 20 @entity0 had an RI recrudescence, four @entity0 responded at the RII level and three at the RIII level. Evaluating the in-vivo test at 10 days, the number of @entity0 parasite negative increased to 18, the number of those with an RI level of resistance increased to 21, two @entity0 gave an RII response and two had an RIII level of resistance. Twenty-two adult males were included in an in-vivo test of the sensitivity of @entity5 to @entity6 plus @entity4 . The course of treatment was: @entity6 3 x 500 mg daily for 10 days, @entity4 3 x 500 mg for 7 days. Parasite density counts on day 0 averaged 11,393 asexual parasites per microliter of blood. The average parasite clearance time was 5.9 days, and the average duration of @entity1 was 3.8 days. After 7 days of treatment, 81.8% of @entity0 were parasite negative, while one @entity0 had a recrudescence after 17 days (RI). Three @entity2 were resistant at the RII level. By prolongation of the observations to day 10, the parasitaemia was cleared in all @entity0 , i.e. all @entity2 were sensitive to @entity6 plus @entity4 . Thirty-four @entity0 with @entity8 were screened for in-vitro resistance to @entity3 , @entity7 and @entity6 using the WHO standard micro-test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Response of Kampuchean strains of @entity5 falciparum to antimalarials: in-vivo assessment of XXXX and @entity6 plus @entity4 ; multiple drug resistance in vitro.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Forty-three @entity0 were enlisted in the in-vivo test for sensitivity of Kampuchean strains of @entity5 to @entity6 . The mean parasite density count on day 0 was 32,398 asexual parasites per microliter of blood. With a dosage of 1.5 g @entity6 base daily for 10 days the average parasite clearance time was 5.6 days, and the average duration of @entity1 3.4 days. The in-vivo test was evaluated at 7 and 10 days after the start of therapy. After 7 days only 16 @entity0 were parasite negative by microscopic examination (S); 20 @entity0 had an RI recrudescence, four @entity0 responded at the RII level and three at the RIII level. Evaluating the in-vivo test at 10 days, the number of @entity0 parasite negative increased to 18, the number of those with an RI level of resistance increased to 21, two @entity0 gave an RII response and two had an RIII level of resistance. Twenty-two adult males were included in an in-vivo test of the sensitivity of @entity5 to @entity6 plus @entity4 . The course of treatment was: @entity6 3 x 500 mg daily for 10 days, @entity4 3 x 500 mg for 7 days. Parasite density counts on day 0 averaged 11,393 asexual parasites per microliter of blood. The average parasite clearance time was 5.9 days, and the average duration of @entity1 was 3.8 days. After 7 days of treatment, 81.8% of @entity0 were parasite negative, while one @entity0 had a recrudescence after 17 days (RI). Three @entity2 were resistant at the RII level. By prolongation of the observations to day 10, the parasitaemia was cleared in all @entity0 , i.e. all @entity2 were sensitive to @entity6 plus @entity4 . Thirty-four @entity0 with @entity8 were screened for in-vitro resistance to @entity3 , @entity7 and @entity6 using the WHO standard micro-test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Response of Kampuchean strains of @entity5 falciparum to antimalarials: in-vivo assessment of @entity6 and XXXX plus @entity4 ; multiple drug resistance in vitro.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Forty-three @entity0 were enlisted in the in-vivo test for sensitivity of Kampuchean strains of @entity5 to @entity6 . The mean parasite density count on day 0 was 32,398 asexual parasites per microliter of blood. With a dosage of 1.5 g @entity6 base daily for 10 days the average parasite clearance time was 5.6 days, and the average duration of @entity1 3.4 days. The in-vivo test was evaluated at 7 and 10 days after the start of therapy. After 7 days only 16 @entity0 were parasite negative by microscopic examination (S); 20 @entity0 had an RI recrudescence, four @entity0 responded at the RII level and three at the RIII level. Evaluating the in-vivo test at 10 days, the number of @entity0 parasite negative increased to 18, the number of those with an RI level of resistance increased to 21, two @entity0 gave an RII response and two had an RIII level of resistance. Twenty-two adult males were included in an in-vivo test of the sensitivity of @entity5 to @entity6 plus @entity4 . The course of treatment was: @entity6 3 x 500 mg daily for 10 days, @entity4 3 x 500 mg for 7 days. Parasite density counts on day 0 averaged 11,393 asexual parasites per microliter of blood. The average parasite clearance time was 5.9 days, and the average duration of @entity1 was 3.8 days. After 7 days of treatment, 81.8% of @entity0 were parasite negative, while one @entity0 had a recrudescence after 17 days (RI). Three @entity2 were resistant at the RII level. By prolongation of the observations to day 10, the parasitaemia was cleared in all @entity0 , i.e. all @entity2 were sensitive to @entity6 plus @entity4 . Thirty-four @entity0 with @entity8 were screened for in-vitro resistance to @entity3 , @entity7 and @entity6 using the WHO standard micro-test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Response of Kampuchean strains of @entity5 falciparum to antimalarials: in-vivo assessment of @entity6 and @entity6 plus XXXX ; multiple drug resistance in vitro.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Forty-three @entity0 were enlisted in the in-vivo test for sensitivity of Kampuchean strains of @entity5 to @entity6 . The mean parasite density count on day 0 was 32,398 asexual parasites per microliter of blood. With a dosage of 1.5 g @entity6 base daily for 10 days the average parasite clearance time was 5.6 days, and the average duration of @entity1 3.4 days. The in-vivo test was evaluated at 7 and 10 days after the start of therapy. After 7 days only 16 @entity0 were parasite negative by microscopic examination (S); 20 @entity0 had an RI recrudescence, four @entity0 responded at the RII level and three at the RIII level. Evaluating the in-vivo test at 10 days, the number of @entity0 parasite negative increased to 18, the number of those with an RI level of resistance increased to 21, two @entity0 gave an RII response and two had an RIII level of resistance. Twenty-two adult males were included in an in-vivo test of the sensitivity of @entity5 to @entity6 plus @entity4 . The course of treatment was: @entity6 3 x 500 mg daily for 10 days, @entity4 3 x 500 mg for 7 days. Parasite density counts on day 0 averaged 11,393 asexual parasites per microliter of blood. The average parasite clearance time was 5.9 days, and the average duration of @entity1 was 3.8 days. After 7 days of treatment, 81.8% of @entity0 were parasite negative, while one @entity0 had a recrudescence after 17 days (RI). Three @entity2 were resistant at the RII level. By prolongation of the observations to day 10, the parasitaemia was cleared in all @entity0 , i.e. all @entity2 were sensitive to @entity6 plus @entity4 . Thirty-four @entity0 with @entity8 were screened for in-vitro resistance to @entity3 , @entity7 and @entity6 using the WHO standard micro-test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Response of Kampuchean strains of XXXX falciparum to antimalarials: in-vivo assessment of @entity6 and @entity6 plus @entity4 ; multiple drug resistance in vitro.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the microvascular blood flow response to wounding is predominantly vasodilation at skin sites with nutritive capillary perfusion (NUTR), there is a significant vasoconstrictive response at sites with high arteriovenous perfusion (AV). There may be a difference between NUTR and AV sites in the vasoactive factors which mediate the blood flow response to wounding. We measured the levels of mRNA expression of several potential mediators of the blood flow response to assess this possible difference. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured skin blood flow at wounds placed at the back, a NUTR site, and at the paw, an AV site, in 12 @entity0 Kyoto @entity0 . Measurements were performed at baseline and then at 7 days post wounding. There was a significant increase in blood flow at back wound sites, with a rise from 4.1 +/- 0.3 ml/min/100 g to 9.8 +/- 1.9 ml/min/100 g. At the undisturbed wound perimeter, outside the zone of granulation tissue, flow rose to 7.3 +/- 1.1 ml/min/100 g. At the paw wound site, Day 0 flow was 8.8 +/- 0.8 ml/min/100 g. At 7 days, there was a significant decrease in flow at wound center to 5.5 +/- 0.5 ml/min/100 g. We measured the levels of inducible @entity2 synthetase (iNOS), endothelin, endothelin receptor, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) gene mRNAs using reverse transcriptase PCR. RESULTS: There was a 10-fold increase in NOS mRNA in granulation tissue of both wounds on Day 7. There was a lesser but still substantial increase in the wound perimeter tissue. Levels of endothelin mRNA in the wound and wound perimeter were significantly lower at the paw than at the back. At baseline, the level of endothelin receptor B (ETrB) mRNA was greater at the back than at the paw. Wounding resulted in a substantial increase in EtrB mRNA levels in granulation tissue, reaching the same level at the back and paw wounds. There was also a substantial rise in EtrB mRNA levels at the paw wound perimeter, so that there was a reversal of the baseline condition, with paw levels actually surpassing the levels at the back perimeter. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, we have found significant changes in mediators both of vasoconstriction and vasodilation affecting the @entity1 wound. These changes affect NUTR and AV sites in different ways. These results demonstrate the complexity of the regulatory processes controlling microvascular blood flow in wound @entity1 .

title: Skin blood flow response in the @entity0 model of wound XXXX : expression of vasoactive factors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although the microvascular blood flow response to wounding is predominantly vasodilation at skin sites with nutritive capillary perfusion (NUTR), there is a significant vasoconstrictive response at sites with high arteriovenous perfusion (AV). There may be a difference between NUTR and AV sites in the vasoactive factors which mediate the blood flow response to wounding. We measured the levels of mRNA expression of several potential mediators of the blood flow response to assess this possible difference. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We measured skin blood flow at wounds placed at the back, a NUTR site, and at the paw, an AV site, in 12 @entity0 Kyoto @entity0 . Measurements were performed at baseline and then at 7 days post wounding. There was a significant increase in blood flow at back wound sites, with a rise from 4.1 +/- 0.3 ml/min/100 g to 9.8 +/- 1.9 ml/min/100 g. At the undisturbed wound perimeter, outside the zone of granulation tissue, flow rose to 7.3 +/- 1.1 ml/min/100 g. At the paw wound site, Day 0 flow was 8.8 +/- 0.8 ml/min/100 g. At 7 days, there was a significant decrease in flow at wound center to 5.5 +/- 0.5 ml/min/100 g. We measured the levels of inducible @entity2 synthetase (iNOS), endothelin, endothelin receptor, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) gene mRNAs using reverse transcriptase PCR. RESULTS: There was a 10-fold increase in NOS mRNA in granulation tissue of both wounds on Day 7. There was a lesser but still substantial increase in the wound perimeter tissue. Levels of endothelin mRNA in the wound and wound perimeter were significantly lower at the paw than at the back. At baseline, the level of endothelin receptor B (ETrB) mRNA was greater at the back than at the paw. Wounding resulted in a substantial increase in EtrB mRNA levels in granulation tissue, reaching the same level at the back and paw wounds. There was also a substantial rise in EtrB mRNA levels at the paw wound perimeter, so that there was a reversal of the baseline condition, with paw levels actually surpassing the levels at the back perimeter. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, we have found significant changes in mediators both of vasoconstriction and vasodilation affecting the @entity1 wound. These changes affect NUTR and AV sites in different ways. These results demonstrate the complexity of the regulatory processes controlling microvascular blood flow in wound @entity1 .

title: Skin blood flow response in the XXXX model of wound @entity1 : expression of vasoactive factors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Increased vagal tone significantly enhances susceptibility to @entity2 ( @entity2 ); however, the cellular mechanisms responsible for vagally mediated @entity2 are not completely understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 12 isolated arterially perfused @entity0 right atria, high-resolution optical mapping techniques were used to measure action potentials during control conditions, during @entity4 ( @entity4 ; 30 to 50 Hz) as a surrogate for vagal stimulation, and during @entity1 ( @entity3 ) infusion (10 to 30 microM). During steady-state pacing, action potential duration was shorter during @entity3 infusion (43 +/- 9 msec) than during @entity4 (78 +/- 7 msec, P < 0.001) or control (129 +/- 5 msec, P < 0.001). In contrast, repolarization gradients were larger during @entity4 (13 +/- 3 msec/mm) than during @entity3 infusion (3 +/- 1 msec/mm, P < 0.01) or control (5 +/- 1 msec/mm, P < 0.01). Transmural repolarization gradients were relatively small for each intervention tested. During @entity3 infusion, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was easily initiated with a single premature stimulus and was associated with a focal pattern of activation (84%). @entity5 also was easily initiated by a single premature stimulus during @entity4 ; however, when repolarization gradients were large, patterns of conduction block and incomplete macroreentry were often observed (64%). Importantly, @entity5 initiation during @entity4 was associated with focal activity (36%) when repolarization gradients were small. CONCLUSION: In contrast to @entity3 infusion, @entity4 generally increased dispersion of repolarization and was often associated with patterns of conduction block and incomplete macroreentry, similar to that associated with in vivo cervical vagal stimulation. However, @entity4 also was associated with a focal pattern of initiation that was independent of local repolarization gradients. These results suggest that during vagal stimulation, @entity5 initiation does not always depend on repolarization gradients.

title: Cellular mechanisms of vagally mediated XXXX in isolated arterially perfused @entity0 right atria.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Increased vagal tone significantly enhances susceptibility to @entity2 ( @entity2 ); however, the cellular mechanisms responsible for vagally mediated @entity2 are not completely understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: In 12 isolated arterially perfused @entity0 right atria, high-resolution optical mapping techniques were used to measure action potentials during control conditions, during @entity4 ( @entity4 ; 30 to 50 Hz) as a surrogate for vagal stimulation, and during @entity1 ( @entity3 ) infusion (10 to 30 microM). During steady-state pacing, action potential duration was shorter during @entity3 infusion (43 +/- 9 msec) than during @entity4 (78 +/- 7 msec, P < 0.001) or control (129 +/- 5 msec, P < 0.001). In contrast, repolarization gradients were larger during @entity4 (13 +/- 3 msec/mm) than during @entity3 infusion (3 +/- 1 msec/mm, P < 0.01) or control (5 +/- 1 msec/mm, P < 0.01). Transmural repolarization gradients were relatively small for each intervention tested. During @entity3 infusion, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was easily initiated with a single premature stimulus and was associated with a focal pattern of activation (84%). @entity5 also was easily initiated by a single premature stimulus during @entity4 ; however, when repolarization gradients were large, patterns of conduction block and incomplete macroreentry were often observed (64%). Importantly, @entity5 initiation during @entity4 was associated with focal activity (36%) when repolarization gradients were small. CONCLUSION: In contrast to @entity3 infusion, @entity4 generally increased dispersion of repolarization and was often associated with patterns of conduction block and incomplete macroreentry, similar to that associated with in vivo cervical vagal stimulation. However, @entity4 also was associated with a focal pattern of initiation that was independent of local repolarization gradients. These results suggest that during vagal stimulation, @entity5 initiation does not always depend on repolarization gradients.

title: Cellular mechanisms of vagally mediated @entity5 in isolated arterially perfused XXXX right atria.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 with the tetralogy of Fallot, QRS prolongation predicts @entity2 . QRS prolongation may result from @entity3 . The relation of ECG markers to biventricular wall mass and volumes has not been assessed. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relations of surface ECG markers of depolarisation and repolarisation to right and left ventricular volume and biventricular wall mass. METHODS: 37 Fallot @entity0 (mean (SD) age 17 (9) years) were studied 14 (8) years after surgical repair; 34 had important @entity1 . Left and right ventricular size was assessed from tomographic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the amount of @entity1 by velocity mapping MRI. QT, QRS, and JT duration and interlead dispersion markers were derived from a standard 12 lead ECG. RESULTS: Mean QRS duration was significantly prolonged (133 (31) v 91 (11) ms in controls), as were dispersion of QRS (36 (17) v 20 (6) ms), QT interval (87 (48) v 42 (20) ms), and JT interval (93 (48) v 42 (19) ms). Biventricular volumes were increased (right ventricular end diastolic volume, 129 (41) v 70 (9) ml/m(2); left ventricular end diastolic volume, 83 (16) v 69 (10) ml/m(2)), as was right ventricular wall mass (24 (7) v 17 (2) g/m(2)). QRS duration correlated best with right ventricular mass (r = 0.55, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 operated on for tetralogy of Fallot and with @entity1 , ECG predictors of @entity2 are influenced by several mechanical factors that may occur simultaneously. These include increased right ventricular volume, but also increases in left ventricular volume and in right and left ventricular wall mass.

title: ECG predictors of XXXX and biventricular size and wall mass in tetralogy of Fallot with @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 with the tetralogy of Fallot, QRS prolongation predicts @entity2 . QRS prolongation may result from @entity3 . The relation of ECG markers to biventricular wall mass and volumes has not been assessed. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relations of surface ECG markers of depolarisation and repolarisation to right and left ventricular volume and biventricular wall mass. METHODS: 37 Fallot @entity0 (mean (SD) age 17 (9) years) were studied 14 (8) years after surgical repair; 34 had important @entity1 . Left and right ventricular size was assessed from tomographic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and the amount of @entity1 by velocity mapping MRI. QT, QRS, and JT duration and interlead dispersion markers were derived from a standard 12 lead ECG. RESULTS: Mean QRS duration was significantly prolonged (133 (31) v 91 (11) ms in controls), as were dispersion of QRS (36 (17) v 20 (6) ms), QT interval (87 (48) v 42 (20) ms), and JT interval (93 (48) v 42 (19) ms). Biventricular volumes were increased (right ventricular end diastolic volume, 129 (41) v 70 (9) ml/m(2); left ventricular end diastolic volume, 83 (16) v 69 (10) ml/m(2)), as was right ventricular wall mass (24 (7) v 17 (2) g/m(2)). QRS duration correlated best with right ventricular mass (r = 0.55, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 operated on for tetralogy of Fallot and with @entity1 , ECG predictors of @entity2 are influenced by several mechanical factors that may occur simultaneously. These include increased right ventricular volume, but also increases in left ventricular volume and in right and left ventricular wall mass.

title: ECG predictors of @entity2 and biventricular size and wall mass in tetralogy of Fallot with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Pores through which charged carriers move during iontophoresis were demonstrated by the use of the cathodic (-) iontophoretic transport of @entity1 from the epidermis to the dermis. Both dermatomed (0.8-mm) @entity0 cadaver skin and full-thickness female @entity0 breast skin were investigated. The density of pores, as visualized by @entity1 transport, was approximately 2-5 cm-2. A set of microelectrodes rastered across the visualized pore gave a maximal response when directly above the pore, demonstrating that the pore was a locus of charge transport. @entity1 was also sometimes observed at the diffusion cell-tissue interface. This indicates that edge damage had occurred as the result of clamping the tissue in a diffusion cell. Studies were conducted to determine if tissue damage occurred during iontophoretic transport. The electrical resistance across excised skin was measured at 0.2 Hz and found to decrease initially by approximately an order of magnitude after the application of an iontophoretic current of 0.16 mA/cm2 for 1 h. The electrical resistance then increased, reaching a plateau value which was lower than the original tissue resistance before application of an iontophoretic current. Controls were carried out to demonstrate that the observed electrical resistance changes were not just due to tissue hydration effects. These results imply that the passage of current through excised @entity0 skin at clinically acceptable current densities can lead to tissue damage which is not fully reversible.

title: Characterization of the pore transport properties and tissue alteration of excised XXXX skin during iontophoresis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We investigated the effects of static and rhythmic handgrip on the time course of recovery of airway resistance measured with the interrupter technique (Rint) following bronchoconstriction induced by @entity3 ( @entity5 ) inhalation in 17 @entity1 @entity0 . On three separate occasions, a 100 +/- 5% increase in baseline Rint was induced by MCh inhalation. Subsequently, @entity0 either rested [control trials (CTs)] or performed 3-min bouts of static or rhythmic handgrip. Respiratory and cardiovascular variables were continuously monitored. Rint changes were assessed at 1-min intervals for 30 min after rest and both types of handgrip. Plasma @entity4 concentrations were also determined at scheduled intervals. Bronchoconstriction increased ventilation (P < 0.01) but did not affect cardiovascular variables and plasma @entity4 concentrations. Handgrip provoked an increase in cardiovascular variables (P < 0.01) and plasma @entity2 concentrations (P < 0.05) but caused no additional changes in ventilation. Rint only partially recovered within 30 min after CTs, whereas it consistently decreased 1 min after both handgrip paradigms and remained lower than after CTs (P always <0.01) for the whole 30-min observation period. Sympathetic activation and withdrawal of cholinergic input to the airway smooth muscle reflexly induced by activation of skeletal muscle and carotid sinus receptors may be the primary events accounting for the bronchodilator response induced by handgrip. Mediators co-released in response to sympathetic activation may also have contributed.

title: Handgrip-induced airway dilation in XXXX @entity0 with bronchoconstriction induced by MCh inhalation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We investigated the effects of static and rhythmic handgrip on the time course of recovery of airway resistance measured with the interrupter technique (Rint) following bronchoconstriction induced by @entity3 ( @entity5 ) inhalation in 17 @entity1 @entity0 . On three separate occasions, a 100 +/- 5% increase in baseline Rint was induced by MCh inhalation. Subsequently, @entity0 either rested [control trials (CTs)] or performed 3-min bouts of static or rhythmic handgrip. Respiratory and cardiovascular variables were continuously monitored. Rint changes were assessed at 1-min intervals for 30 min after rest and both types of handgrip. Plasma @entity4 concentrations were also determined at scheduled intervals. Bronchoconstriction increased ventilation (P < 0.01) but did not affect cardiovascular variables and plasma @entity4 concentrations. Handgrip provoked an increase in cardiovascular variables (P < 0.01) and plasma @entity2 concentrations (P < 0.05) but caused no additional changes in ventilation. Rint only partially recovered within 30 min after CTs, whereas it consistently decreased 1 min after both handgrip paradigms and remained lower than after CTs (P always <0.01) for the whole 30-min observation period. Sympathetic activation and withdrawal of cholinergic input to the airway smooth muscle reflexly induced by activation of skeletal muscle and carotid sinus receptors may be the primary events accounting for the bronchodilator response induced by handgrip. Mediators co-released in response to sympathetic activation may also have contributed.

title: Handgrip-induced airway dilation in @entity1 XXXX with bronchoconstriction induced by MCh inhalation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Scientific analyses fortified by interpretations of @entity8 as 'experiments of nature' have revealed the specific immune systems to be comprised of T cells subserving cell-mediated immunities plus B cells and plasma cells which produce and secrete antibodies. These two separate cellular systems regularly interact with each other to produce a coordinated defense which permits mammals to live within a sea of microorganisms that threaten the integrity and the survival of individuals. We have shown that bone marrow transplantation (BMT) can be used as a form of cellular engineering to construct or reconstruct the immune systems and cure otherwise fatal severe combined @entity3 . When severe @entity10 complicated the first BMT which was performed to cure a fatal severe combined @entity3 , a second BMT cured for the first time a complicating severe @entity10 . Subsequently, BMT has been used effectively to treat some 75 otherwise fatal diseases such as @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity11 , and @entity1 of the hematopoietic development such as @entity14 , @entity12 , @entity15 , and many other diseases. More recently, we have employed BMT in @entity0 both to cure and cause @entity7 , and, together, these experiments showed that @entity7 actually reside in the hematopoietic stem cells. We have also found that mixed BMT or mixed hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can be used to prevent and cure the most complex @entity7 such as those occurring in BXSB @entity0 and in (NZW x BXSB)F1 W/BF1 @entity0 . Untreated, the former develop fulminating lethal @entity5 plus numerous humoral @entity7 . @entity0 of the (W/B)F1 strain develop @entity13 , @entity2 with @entity4 , @entity5 , and numerous autoantibodies. All of these abnormalities are prevented or cured by mixed syngeneic (autoimmune) plus allogeneic (normal healthy) BMT or mixed peripheral blood HSCT. Thus, the most complex @entity7 can be prevented or cured in experimental animals by mixed syngeneic plus allogeneic BMT or HSCT which produce stable mixed chimerism as a form of cellular engineering.

title: Mixed bone marrow or mixed stem cell transplantation for prevention or treatment of lupus-like diseases in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a rare @entity5 with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance that is clinically characterized by neuromotor delay, @entity10 , recurrent petechiae, @entity13 , and chronic @entity6 . Increased urinary levels of @entity15 and @entity14 are the main biochemical features of the disorder. We report on two @entity0 affected by @entity2 who showed different clinical and neuroradiological patterns. @entity0 1 presented with a chronic clinical course characterized by @entity1 , @entity9 , and @entity12 . In contrast, @entity0 2 had an acute neonatal onset with severe @entity8 , severe generalized @entity11 , and intractable @entity7 . Neuroradiological follow-up of @entity0 1 detected a diffuse hyperintensity on the T2 images at the basal ganglia which remained stable during a period of four years. @entity0 2, in contrast, showed a rapid process of cerebral, and in part, @entity3 . On the basis of our observations, we reviewed the data published in the literature and tried to delineate the natural history of @entity2 , which appears to be characterized by a wide spectrum of severity in the clinical course. No reports on neuroradiological follow-up of @entity2 @entity0 are available in the literature with which to compare our data. Finally, both @entity0 showed a @entity4 . The pathogenetic implications of such a biochemical finding will be also discussed.

title: XXXX : further clinical and neuroradiological characterization.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A number of findings concerning the pathogenesis of @entity4 have shown that an autoimmune process is responsible for the destruction of the beta-cell mass, and that a major part of this process has already occurred during the prediabetic phase of the disease. Various immunosuppressive intervention trials have, thus, recently been performed. Remission rates of between 30% and 50% in the Canadian @entity2 (CyA) pilot study prompted two placebo-controlled double-blind studies applying this medication. In the French CyA trial 122 @entity0 were followed up for 9 months. 37% of those on high-dose CyA (whole blood levels greater than 300 ng/ml) achieved total remission, compared with 16.7% of those on low-dose CyA (blood level less than 300 ng/ml) and 5% of the placebo group. The Canadian-European trial included 188 @entity0 , of whom 42 were treated in the Viennese centre. @entity1 had been diagnosed in these 42 @entity0 not more than 6 weeks previously, and the duration of their symptoms did not exceed 14 weeks. Whole blood CyA levels ranged from 400 to 800 ng/ml. In relation to short duration of symptoms and early commencement of treatment up to 10 times higher total remission rates were found in the CyA group as compared with the placebo group. In both studies similar side effects were seen. Apart from the cosmetic side effects ( @entity6 , @entity5 ) a decrease of 20% in @entity3 clearance and an increase of 20% in plasma @entity3 level seemed to be of clinical importance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Results of XXXX therapy in the early phase of @entity1 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: A number of findings concerning the pathogenesis of @entity4 have shown that an autoimmune process is responsible for the destruction of the beta-cell mass, and that a major part of this process has already occurred during the prediabetic phase of the disease. Various immunosuppressive intervention trials have, thus, recently been performed. Remission rates of between 30% and 50% in the Canadian @entity2 (CyA) pilot study prompted two placebo-controlled double-blind studies applying this medication. In the French CyA trial 122 @entity0 were followed up for 9 months. 37% of those on high-dose CyA (whole blood levels greater than 300 ng/ml) achieved total remission, compared with 16.7% of those on low-dose CyA (blood level less than 300 ng/ml) and 5% of the placebo group. The Canadian-European trial included 188 @entity0 , of whom 42 were treated in the Viennese centre. @entity1 had been diagnosed in these 42 @entity0 not more than 6 weeks previously, and the duration of their symptoms did not exceed 14 weeks. Whole blood CyA levels ranged from 400 to 800 ng/ml. In relation to short duration of symptoms and early commencement of treatment up to 10 times higher total remission rates were found in the CyA group as compared with the placebo group. In both studies similar side effects were seen. Apart from the cosmetic side effects ( @entity6 , @entity5 ) a decrease of 20% in @entity3 clearance and an increase of 20% in plasma @entity3 level seemed to be of clinical importance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Results of @entity2 therapy in the early phase of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 is a @entity1 . There are about 70 bis 75% responders after hormone therapy among previously untreated @entity0 in EORTC trials. Therefore 25 to 30% of the @entity1 are resistant to @entity3 . Surgical and hormonal castration show similar results. After progression under hormone therapy response can be reached with antiandrogenic therapy in 30 to 38%. All this leads to the conclusion that it is necessary to base treatment on @entity1 adaptation and selection. Cell clones insensitive to @entity3 therefore need cytostatic chemotherapy. It is not yet proofed whether polychemotherapy really shows better results than monotherapy does. Following the thesis of a @entity1 , therapy of @entity2 must be based on hormone therapy and cytostatic chemotherapy. @entity4 is a marker for an early recognition of progression.

title: [Therapy of advanced XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects on lung tissue and @entity2 of natural @entity0 @entity4 and radiotherapy were investigated in a multimodality treatment program for selected @entity0 with small cell @entity1 ( @entity5 ). Interferon was given first as a single agent, then concomitantly with radiotherapy to 12 previously untreated @entity0 with limited disease. At disease progression outside the chest, interferon was discontinued and combination chemotherapy was initiated. In the first series, 7 @entity0 received a high interferon induction dose (800 X 10(6) IU i.v. over 5 days) followed by low-dose maintenance therapy (6 X 10(6) IU i.m. TIW), median total dose 1380 X 10(6) IU (range 794-2074). At local progression, split-course radiotherapy, 55 Gy/20 F/7 wk, was added to interferon therapy. In the second series, 5 @entity0 received low-dose interferon from the start (6 X 10(6) IU i.m. daily) combined with twice-a-day fractionated radiotherapy 44 Gy/40 F/4 wk. Median total dose of interferon in this series was 698 X 10(6) IU (range 354-828). @entity2 response and normal tissue reactions were evaluated by monthly chest X rays, 3-monthly CT scans, restaging bronchoscopies and by serial respiratory function tests. Autopsy specimens from both lungs within and outside the radiation field were systematically evaluated when available. After the completion of radiotherapy, there were 4/7 CR in the high-dose @entity4 group compared to 3/5 CR in the low-dose @entity4 group. Rapid shrinkage of huge @entity2 masses was observed. At 2 months post radiotherapy radiological grade III @entity3 occurred in 4/7 @entity0 in the high-dose and 1/5 @entity0 in the low-dose group. Lung function studies showed a significant decrease in diffusing capacity and in lung volumes. Seven @entity0 died within 12 months from start of interferon treatment, one of them from treatment complication. At autopsy the @entity2 area was in most cases replaced by severe @entity3 . Outside the radiation field lung @entity3 was mild. Our results suggest enhancement of radiation effect by interferon with a possible dose and/or schedule dependence of interferon and radiotherapy and call for more clinical studies of @entity4 and radiotherapy in combination.

title: Enhancement of radiation effects by alpha interferon in the treatment of small cell XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 is a common symptom in long-standing @entity1 . The pathogenesis of this @entity2 remains obscure, although it appears to be related to the development of @entity7 , which may cause several abnormalities including altered gut motility. We studied fasting @entity3 for a mean of 210 min in a group of 12 type-II @entity1 with @entity2 . All @entity0 had @entity5 and symptoms of @entity7 . Their motor activity was compared with that of a group of six normal volunteers. In addition, gastrointestinal transit time was assessed by the @entity6 breath test. The presence of bacterial @entity9 was assessed by the @entity6 breath test and culture of jejunal secretions. The @entity1 showed grossly disordered motor activity. There was a complete absence of phase-III activity in two @entity0 . Most phase III's commenced in the distal duodenum or jejunum. The phase-III component was often of short duration at each recording site. There was increased velocity of propagation between sites. Continuous phase-II activity was noted in some @entity0 . Antral activity was absent or reduced during phase II. Gastrointestinal transit time was significantly prolonged in the @entity1 . @entity8 was demonstrated in three @entity1 subjects. These @entity4 are nonspecific and are unlikely to play a major role in the pathogenesis of @entity1 .

title: Abnormalities of the migrating motor complex in @entity7 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is a common symptom in long-standing @entity1 . The pathogenesis of this @entity2 remains obscure, although it appears to be related to the development of @entity7 , which may cause several abnormalities including altered gut motility. We studied fasting @entity3 for a mean of 210 min in a group of 12 type-II @entity1 with @entity2 . All @entity0 had @entity5 and symptoms of @entity7 . Their motor activity was compared with that of a group of six normal volunteers. In addition, gastrointestinal transit time was assessed by the @entity6 breath test. The presence of bacterial @entity9 was assessed by the @entity6 breath test and culture of jejunal secretions. The @entity1 showed grossly disordered motor activity. There was a complete absence of phase-III activity in two @entity0 . Most phase III's commenced in the distal duodenum or jejunum. The phase-III component was often of short duration at each recording site. There was increased velocity of propagation between sites. Continuous phase-II activity was noted in some @entity0 . Antral activity was absent or reduced during phase II. Gastrointestinal transit time was significantly prolonged in the @entity1 . @entity8 was demonstrated in three @entity1 subjects. These @entity4 are nonspecific and are unlikely to play a major role in the pathogenesis of @entity1 .

title: Abnormalities of the migrating motor complex in XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the prevalence and severity of symphysis @entity2 (SPD) in pregnancy and the postnatal period. DESIGN: A postnatal questionnaire was sent to 248 @entity0 who had been referred to the Obstetric Physiotherapy Department in 1997 and 1998 with symptoms of pubic @entity1 either during pregnancy or soon after delivery. SETTING: A north of England teaching hospital, The Clarendon Wing, Leeds General Infirmary. @entity0 : Questionnaires were sent to 248 @entity0 . One hundred and forty-one were returned (response rate 57%). RESULTS: The condition is associated with much unrecognised obstetric morbidity. The prevalence in our unit over the 2-year study period was 1/36 @entity0 . Many medical and midwifery staff have little knowledge of SPD. @entity0 often felt ignored when they complained of @entity1 . One out of four of the respondents were still symptomatic 6 months later. CONCLUSION: Further research is needed to identify the best practice in the antenatal care provided, including the provision of support belts, the most appropriate mode of delivery and postnatal treatment.

title: Symphysis XXXX --a cause of significant obstetric morbidity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed for the determination of @entity1 -antithrombin III complex (TAT) in @entity0 plasma. The test system follows the sandwich principle and uses two different antibodies directed against @entity0 @entity1 and human antithrombin III, respectively. The antibodies bind selectively to the corresponding antigen moieties of TAT. The assay was calibrated with definite concentrations of preformed purified TAT added to TAT-poor plasma. The lower limit of sensitivity of the assay was 0.5 microgram/l. Mean coefficients of variation of 4.2% (intraassay) and 3.5% (interassay) were found for TAT concentrations between 2 and 60 micrograms/l. A reference range from 0.85 to 3.2 micrograms/l was calculated from TAT concentration in plasma samples from 88 healthy donors (mean value +/- SD: 1.45 +/- 0.4 micrograms/l). In plasma samples from @entity0 with @entity3 (n = 17), TAT concentrations between 3 and 25 micrograms/l were measured. In 15 @entity0 with @entity2 , TAT was found up to 3 to 25 micrograms/l. From these data we conclude that measurement of TAT can be a sensitive parameter for specific detection of a latent activation of the clotting pathway.

title: Determination of human XXXX -antithrombin III complex in plasma with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 commonly evolves, as the glomerular filtration rate falls. The metabolic and skeletal effects of a possible remedy, @entity7 , have not been studied in @entity0 with preterminal @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 with a mean @entity3 clearance of approximately 30 ml/min took @entity7 for 24 weeks at doses which provided 507 or 1,521 mg @entity2 /day with meals. Metabolic determinations were made at intervals of 4-8 weeks, and the bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the beginning and at the end of the trial. RESULTS: The low-dose regimen produced no metabolic or skeletal effect. In subjects prescribed the high-dose regimen, the 24-hour urine @entity4 excretion fell from 0.53 mg/mg @entity3 to values ranging from 0.34 to 0.41 mg/mg @entity3 . The theoretical @entity4 threshold concentration rose by a maximum of 38.6%, and the serum @entity4 concentration did not change. The mean serum @entity2 concentration rose by a maximum of 7.2%. The mean fractional changes in parathyroid hormone and @entity6 concentrations ranged from -27.0 to -39.6% and from -5.0 to -20.3%, respectively. The BMD increased at L1, L3, and L4. CONCLUSION: @entity7 prescribed to deliver 1,521 mg @entity2 /day with meals reduced parathyroid hormone and @entity6 concentrations and increased lumbar BMD in @entity0 with preterminal @entity1 .

title: Metabolic and skeletal effects of low and high doses of XXXX in @entity0 with preterminal @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 commonly evolves, as the glomerular filtration rate falls. The metabolic and skeletal effects of a possible remedy, @entity7 , have not been studied in @entity0 with preterminal @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 with a mean @entity3 clearance of approximately 30 ml/min took @entity7 for 24 weeks at doses which provided 507 or 1,521 mg @entity2 /day with meals. Metabolic determinations were made at intervals of 4-8 weeks, and the bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the beginning and at the end of the trial. RESULTS: The low-dose regimen produced no metabolic or skeletal effect. In subjects prescribed the high-dose regimen, the 24-hour urine @entity4 excretion fell from 0.53 mg/mg @entity3 to values ranging from 0.34 to 0.41 mg/mg @entity3 . The theoretical @entity4 threshold concentration rose by a maximum of 38.6%, and the serum @entity4 concentration did not change. The mean serum @entity2 concentration rose by a maximum of 7.2%. The mean fractional changes in parathyroid hormone and @entity6 concentrations ranged from -27.0 to -39.6% and from -5.0 to -20.3%, respectively. The BMD increased at L1, L3, and L4. CONCLUSION: @entity7 prescribed to deliver 1,521 mg @entity2 /day with meals reduced parathyroid hormone and @entity6 concentrations and increased lumbar BMD in @entity0 with preterminal @entity1 .

title: Metabolic and skeletal effects of low and high doses of @entity7 in @entity0 with preterminal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 commonly evolves, as the glomerular filtration rate falls. The metabolic and skeletal effects of a possible remedy, @entity7 , have not been studied in @entity0 with preterminal @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 with a mean @entity3 clearance of approximately 30 ml/min took @entity7 for 24 weeks at doses which provided 507 or 1,521 mg @entity2 /day with meals. Metabolic determinations were made at intervals of 4-8 weeks, and the bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the beginning and at the end of the trial. RESULTS: The low-dose regimen produced no metabolic or skeletal effect. In subjects prescribed the high-dose regimen, the 24-hour urine @entity4 excretion fell from 0.53 mg/mg @entity3 to values ranging from 0.34 to 0.41 mg/mg @entity3 . The theoretical @entity4 threshold concentration rose by a maximum of 38.6%, and the serum @entity4 concentration did not change. The mean serum @entity2 concentration rose by a maximum of 7.2%. The mean fractional changes in parathyroid hormone and @entity6 concentrations ranged from -27.0 to -39.6% and from -5.0 to -20.3%, respectively. The BMD increased at L1, L3, and L4. CONCLUSION: @entity7 prescribed to deliver 1,521 mg @entity2 /day with meals reduced parathyroid hormone and @entity6 concentrations and increased lumbar BMD in @entity0 with preterminal @entity1 .

title: Metabolic and skeletal effects of low and high doses of @entity7 in XXXX with preterminal @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Brain @entity2 occur in 20-40% of @entity1 with @entity3 and their frequency has increased over time. Lung, breast and skin ( @entity11 ) are the commonest sources of brain @entity2 , and in up to 15% of @entity1 the primary site remains unknown. After the introduction of MRI, multiple lesions have outnumbered single lesions. Contrast-enhanced MRI is the gold standard for the diagnosis. There are no pathognomonic features on CT or MRI that distinguish brain @entity2 from primary @entity13 or nonneoplastic conditions: therefore a tissue diagnosis by biopsy should be always obtained in @entity1 with unknown @entity3 before undergoing radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy. Some factors are prognostically important: a high Performance Status, a solitary brain metastasis, an absence of systemic @entity2 , a controlled @entity3 and a younger age. Based on these factors, subgroups of @entity1 with different prognosis have been identified (RPA class I, II, III). Symptomatic therapy includes corticosteroids to reduce @entity15 and anticonvulsants to control @entity12 . In @entity1 with newly diagnosed brain @entity2 prophylactic anticonvulsants should not be used routinely. The combination of surgery and whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is superior to WBRT alone for the treatment of single brain metastasis in @entity1 with limited or @entity10 and good @entity4 . Complete surgical resection allows a relief of intracranial @entity6 , @entity12 and focal @entity5 . Radiosurgery, alone or in conjunction with WBRT, yields results which are comparable to those reported after surgery followed by WBRT, provided that lesion's diameter does not exceed 3-3.5 cm. Radiosurgery offers the potential of treating @entity1 with surgically inaccessible @entity2 . Still controversial is the need for WBRT after surgery or radiosurgery: local control seems better with the combined approach, but overall survival does not improve. Late @entity14 in long surviving @entity1 after WBRT is not negligible; to avoid this complication @entity1 with favorable prognostic factors must be treated with conventional schedules of @entity8 , and monitoring of cognitive functions is important. WBRT alone is the treatment of choice in @entity1 with single brain metastasis not amenable to surgery or radiosurgery, and with an active @entity10 , and in @entity1 with multiple brain @entity2 . A small subgroup of these latter may benefit from surgery. The response rate of brain @entity2 to chemotherapy is similar to the response rate of the @entity3 and extracranial @entity2 , some @entity3 types being more chemosensitive ( @entity9 , @entity0 , @entity16 ). New radiosensitizers and @entity7 or cytostatic agents, and innovative technique of drug delivery are being investigated.

title: Management of brain XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In @entity1 , parturition is associated with maturation of fetal pituitary-adrenal function, and with rises in the concentrations of ACTH and @entity0 (F) in fetal plasma. We examined the hypothesis that pituitary ACTH output in response to @entity3 ( @entity2 ) and CRF separately and together might change during late pregnancy as a function of fetal age. Fetal @entity1 were chronically catheterized, and bolus iv injections of equimolar AVP, CRF, AVP plus CRF, or saline (controls) were given on days 110-115, 125-130, and 135-140 of gestation. AVP evoked significant rises in plasma ACTH on days 110-115 and 125-130, but not on days 135-140. After AVP, the peak plasma concentrations of ACTH were attained at 5-10 min, and basal (preinjection) values were reestablished by 30-60 min. After CRF treatment, plasma ACTH rose progressively throughout the 240 min of the study. Evidence was obtained in support of an increase in pituitary responsiveness to CRF between days 110-115 and 125-130 and a decrease in response on days 135-140, when basal F concentrations were higher. The ACTH response to AVP, relative to that to CRF, was greatest in the youngest fetuses. On days 110-115 only, CRF and AVP showed a synergistic response in ACTH output, especially during the first 30 min after agonist injection. Plasma F rose in response to the changes in endogenously released ACTH in a manner consistent with progressive fetal adrenal maturation between days 110-140 of pregnancy. We conclude that in vivo the ovine fetal pituitary responds separately and synergistically to AVP and CRF on days 110-115 of gestation, but the relative role of AVP in stimulating ACTH release decreases with progressive gestational age.

title: Synergism between systemic corticotropin-releasing factor and XXXX on adrenocorticotropin release in vivo varies as a function of gestational age in the ovine fetus.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is an aggressive @entity1 that is incurable by standard therapy. @entity0 often present with high-stage disease (Stages III-IV) and frequently have involvement at multiple extranodal sites. Although the gastrointestinal tract, spleen, lung, pleura, bone marrow, and peripheral blood are among the most commonly involved tissues, @entity3 may also disseminate to so-called sanctuary sites including the central nervous system. Despite this, current clinical evaluations do not routinely include assessment of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for @entity4 at presentation, and moreover, only few authors have specifically examined CSF involvement in @entity3 . In this study, we reviewed the medical records of 108 @entity0 with @entity3 seen at three centers over a 5-year period to determine the rate of CSF sampling and the frequency of CSF involvement by @entity3 . The clinical and cytologic characteristics associated with CSF involvement were also studied. Central nervous system (CNS) signs and/or symptoms prompted CSF sampling in 25/108 @entity0 (23%). Specific @entity2 were present in 9/25 @entity0 (36%). CSF involvement by @entity3 was identified in 10 of the 25 CSF-sampled @entity0 (40%) by morphology (3 @entity0 ), flow cytometry alone (1 @entity0 ), or both (6 @entity0 ). The CSF-positive cases included two blastoid variants. The CSF cytology of the nine morphologically positive cases was pleomorphic, and prominent cytoplasmic granules were observed in two cases. The overall rate of CSF involvement by @entity3 among the cohort was 9%, which is comparable to that reported in other selected studies examining this issue.

title: Cerebrospinal fluid involvement in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Twenty-five spontaneous temperature-stable revertants of four different temperature-sensitive (ts) M protein mutants (complementation group III: tsG31, tsG33, tsO23, and tsO89) were sequenced and tested for their ability to inhibit @entity4 virus RNA polymerase activity in vitro. Consensus sequences of the coding region of each M protein gene were determined, using total viral RNA as template. Fifteen different sequences were found among the 25 revertants; 14 differed from their ts parent by a single @entity1 (one @entity0 ), and 1 differed by two @entity2 (two @entity3 ). @entity2 were altered in various positions between residues 64 and 215, representing over 60% of the polypeptide chain. Resequencing of the Glasgow and Orsay wild types and the four ts mutants confirmed previously published differences (Y. Gopalakrishana and J. Lenard, J. Virol., 56:655-659, 1985), and one or two additional differences were found in each. The relative charges of the revertant M proteins, as determined by nonequilibrium pH gradient electrophoresis, were consistent with the deduced sequences in every case. The ability of each revertant M protein to inhibit the RNA polymerase activity of nucleocapsids prepared from its parent ts mutant was also tested. Only 13 of the 25 revertants had M protein with high (wild type-like) polymerase-inhibiting activity, while 5 had low (ts-like) activity, and 7 had intermediate activity, demonstrating that this property is not an essential concomitant of the temperature-stable phenotype. It is concluded that the high reversion frequency observed for these mutants arises from a very high incidence of pseudoreversion, i.e., many different molecular changes can repair the ts phenotype.

title: Phenotypic revertants of temperature-sensitive M protein mutants of XXXX virus: sequence analysis and functional characterization.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Microglia are reactively activated by various environmental stimulations caused by @entity0 . Activated microglia exhibit morphological transformation, proliferation, @entity4 , phagocytosis, and the production of bioactive molecules. Various molecules are reported and suggested to activate microglia. Among them, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is considered one of the most convincing candidates responsible for maintaining activation properties of microglia. Therefore, the focus of the present study is on intracellular molecular events that arise downstream of @entity5 stimulation. @entity5 activates its receptor, Fms @entity3 kinase, and Fms sequentially activates a number of signaling molecules, including PI3K or phospholipase Cgamma (PLCgamma). Stimulation of continuing signaling cascades results in the activation of a small GTPase, @entity2 , the key molecule in microglia activation. @entity2 is known to be activated downstream of receptor @entity3 kinases and to regulate reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, which profoundly underlies the above-mentioned properties of activated microglia. @entity6 , a macrophage/microglia-specific @entity1 -binding protein, was identified by our group and was shown to be involved in the @entity2 signaling pathway. Further, we introduce a novel signaling pathway in which @entity2 is activated, dependent on PLCgamma and @entity6 . However, to understand the molecular details of microglia activation, future work is required.

title: Intracellular signaling in XXXX -induced microglia activation: role of @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Microglia are reactively activated by various environmental stimulations caused by @entity0 . Activated microglia exhibit morphological transformation, proliferation, @entity4 , phagocytosis, and the production of bioactive molecules. Various molecules are reported and suggested to activate microglia. Among them, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is considered one of the most convincing candidates responsible for maintaining activation properties of microglia. Therefore, the focus of the present study is on intracellular molecular events that arise downstream of @entity5 stimulation. @entity5 activates its receptor, Fms @entity3 kinase, and Fms sequentially activates a number of signaling molecules, including PI3K or phospholipase Cgamma (PLCgamma). Stimulation of continuing signaling cascades results in the activation of a small GTPase, @entity2 , the key molecule in microglia activation. @entity2 is known to be activated downstream of receptor @entity3 kinases and to regulate reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, which profoundly underlies the above-mentioned properties of activated microglia. @entity6 , a macrophage/microglia-specific @entity1 -binding protein, was identified by our group and was shown to be involved in the @entity2 signaling pathway. Further, we introduce a novel signaling pathway in which @entity2 is activated, dependent on PLCgamma and @entity6 . However, to understand the molecular details of microglia activation, future work is required.

title: Intracellular signaling in @entity5 -induced microglia activation: role of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of conventional external radiotherapy in @entity0 with @entity6 . Between October 1970 and May 1998, 27 @entity0 with @entity6 were followed at the Department of Endocrinology and @entity2 of the Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra. They received radiation therapy at Instituto Portugu  s de Oncologia. Seven of those @entity1 were classified as nonfunctioning @entity5 , 17 as growth-hormone-secreting @entity5 , 2 as @entity8 and 1 as @entity5 . Twenty-six @entity0 received radiation as adjuvant therapy after incomplete resection and one @entity0 as primary treatment. The majority of these cases were treated using the parallel opposed-field technique with a total dose between 45 and 52 Gy. The @entity0 were submitted, before and after radiotherapy, to a protocol in order to assess the efficacy of this treatment. Some of the results were analyzed. Reduction of @entity1 mass was achieved in 66.6% of nonfunctioning @entity1 and in 25% of the secreting ones. Reduction or stabilization of hormonal levels was achieved in 55% of the cases and normalization in 30%. The average duration of follow-up was 126.3 months. Complications observed: @entity11 , @entity3 (3 @entity0 ), @entity10 (1 @entity0 ), @entity9 (2 @entity0 ) and @entity4 (2 @entity0 ). None of the @entity0 developed @entity7 .

title: [Radiotherapy of XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the causes of @entity0 in individuals who died suddenly in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The selection of the cases was based on police reports, which contained a description of sudden unexpected or @entity0 . The study was performed on necropsies of the Medico legal Department of Menelik II Hospital, in Addis Ababa during the years 1998 and 1999. According to the pathological features of the heart, we classified 92 dead bodies in 3 groups: Group A: Hearts showing adequate morphological changes to explain @entity4 (n = 63). Group B: Hearts showing some structural changes, but inadequate to explain @entity4 (n = 20). Group C: Normal hearts (n = 7). In two bodies the general autopsy revealed an extra cardiac cause of @entity0 . The single most relevant cause of @entity0 in group A was @entity3 (44 cases) followed by excessive @entity5 due to post-rheumatic @entity2 (7 cases). While the high prevalence of @entity6 in Ethiopia is well known, the proportion of cases who died due to @entity1 is surprising. Though during the last years some African authors assumed that @entity3 is on the increase in developing countries the percentage is higher than expected and higher than in other countries where similar studies exist.

title: Causes of XXXX in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Four temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of the A7 strain of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) have been isolated. All mutants were defective in RNA synthesis at the restrictive temperature (39 degrees C) compared to the permissive temperature (30 degrees C). Since the body temperature of @entity0 fluctuates between 37 degrees C and 39 degrees C, multiplication was also examined at 37 degrees C; only the multiplication of @entity6 was restricted. After intraperitoneal infection of 8-day pregnant @entity0 , the wild-type induced rapid abortion. @entity6 and ts26 had no effect on embryonic development. Litters born to @entity6 -infected mothers developed no postnatal immunity whereas 50% of litters from ts26-infected mothers were immune. Unlike the wild-type, @entity7 induced the same or higher virus titres in placental tissue in most @entity0 than in foetal tissue. Ts22 and @entity7 induced a range of development defects, including @entity3 , mummification, @entity1 . Most surviving offspring were immune. Although @entity6 induced no viraemia, @entity7 , ts22 and ts26 induced a lower titre but longer lasting viraemia than the wild-type. It is concluded that infections of pregnant @entity0 with @entity7 and ts22 in particular are good models for analysis of the mechanism of virus-induced @entity2 .

title: Isolation and preliminary characterization of XXXX mutants with altered pathogenicity for @entity0 embryos.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Four temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of the A7 strain of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) have been isolated. All mutants were defective in RNA synthesis at the restrictive temperature (39 degrees C) compared to the permissive temperature (30 degrees C). Since the body temperature of @entity0 fluctuates between 37 degrees C and 39 degrees C, multiplication was also examined at 37 degrees C; only the multiplication of @entity6 was restricted. After intraperitoneal infection of 8-day pregnant @entity0 , the wild-type induced rapid abortion. @entity6 and ts26 had no effect on embryonic development. Litters born to @entity6 -infected mothers developed no postnatal immunity whereas 50% of litters from ts26-infected mothers were immune. Unlike the wild-type, @entity7 induced the same or higher virus titres in placental tissue in most @entity0 than in foetal tissue. Ts22 and @entity7 induced a range of development defects, including @entity3 , mummification, @entity1 . Most surviving offspring were immune. Although @entity6 induced no viraemia, @entity7 , ts22 and ts26 induced a lower titre but longer lasting viraemia than the wild-type. It is concluded that infections of pregnant @entity0 with @entity7 and ts22 in particular are good models for analysis of the mechanism of virus-induced @entity2 .

title: Isolation and preliminary characterization of @entity4 mutants with altered pathogenicity for XXXX embryos.

answer: @entity0