abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 significantly improved @entity2 in comparison with placebo. Objectives This randomized controlled trial was designed to show a non-inferiority of 15% (primary end-point) of @entity6 8% ointment compared with @entity4 2% emulsion. METHODS: The study population comprised out- @entity0 who had @entity3 for at least 2 months, with moderate to severe @entity5 and desquamation at inclusion. The primary end-point was complete remission, defined as the disappearance of both @entity5 and desquamation. The non-inferiority of @entity1 was assessed on the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference between treatments. RESULTS: The intent-to-treat analysis (ITT) involved 288 @entity0 and the per protocol (PP) analysis 269 @entity0 . Treatment groups were comparable at baseline on age, sex, disease duration and symptoms. For the main criterion, the success rate was 52.0% ( @entity1 ) vs. 30.1% ( @entity4 ) in the ITT population and 53.2% ( @entity1 ) vs. 30.7% ( @entity4 ) in the PP population. The non-inferiority of @entity1 was demonstrated with differences of 21.9% (95% CI 10.0-33.7%) and 22.5% (95% CI 10.2-34.8%), respectively, in the ITT and PP population. As the lower limit of the 95% CI was > 0, the superiority of @entity1 was shown. @entity1 also showed better results on other symptoms: burning and dryness. Adverse events were reported by 26.3% ( @entity1 ) and 25% ( @entity4 ) of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 was 22% more effective than @entity4 in giving complete remission of @entity2 , with comparable safety.

title: XXXX 8% vs @entity4 2% in the treatment of @entity2 : a multicentre, randomized study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 significantly improved @entity2 in comparison with placebo. Objectives This randomized controlled trial was designed to show a non-inferiority of 15% (primary end-point) of @entity6 8% ointment compared with @entity4 2% emulsion. METHODS: The study population comprised out- @entity0 who had @entity3 for at least 2 months, with moderate to severe @entity5 and desquamation at inclusion. The primary end-point was complete remission, defined as the disappearance of both @entity5 and desquamation. The non-inferiority of @entity1 was assessed on the 95% confidence interval (CI) of the difference between treatments. RESULTS: The intent-to-treat analysis (ITT) involved 288 @entity0 and the per protocol (PP) analysis 269 @entity0 . Treatment groups were comparable at baseline on age, sex, disease duration and symptoms. For the main criterion, the success rate was 52.0% ( @entity1 ) vs. 30.1% ( @entity4 ) in the ITT population and 53.2% ( @entity1 ) vs. 30.7% ( @entity4 ) in the PP population. The non-inferiority of @entity1 was demonstrated with differences of 21.9% (95% CI 10.0-33.7%) and 22.5% (95% CI 10.2-34.8%), respectively, in the ITT and PP population. As the lower limit of the 95% CI was > 0, the superiority of @entity1 was shown. @entity1 also showed better results on other symptoms: burning and dryness. Adverse events were reported by 26.3% ( @entity1 ) and 25% ( @entity4 ) of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 was 22% more effective than @entity4 in giving complete remission of @entity2 , with comparable safety.

title: @entity6 8% vs @entity4 2% in the treatment of XXXX : a multicentre, randomized study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The major motor disturbances in @entity2 are thought to be caused by overactivity of the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi), in large part due to excessive drive from the subthalamic nucleus. The excessive inhibitory activity of GPi is thought to "brake' the motor thalamus and the cortical motor system to produce the @entity1 , @entity5 , and poverty of movement characteristic of @entity2 states. To test the hypothesis that direct reduction of Gpi activity can improve motor function, we studied the effect of GPi pallidotomy in 14 @entity0 . The location of the GPi nucleus was confirmed by microelectrode recording before lesion creation. Standardised videotape recordings before and after operation were randomised and scored by a "blinded' evaluator. 6 months after surgery, total motor score in the "off" state had improved by 30% and the total @entity4 score by 33%. The gait score in the "off" state improved by 15% and a composite postural instability and gait score by 23%. After surgery there was almost total elimination of drug-induced @entity6 ( @entity4 ), with a 92% reduction on the side contralateral to the pallidotomy. No @entity0 had @entity3 . In these @entity0 GPi pallidotomy enhanced motor performance, reduced @entity4 , improved gait, and eliminated the neural elements responsible for @entity7 -induced @entity4 .

title: Effect of GPi pallidotomy on motor function in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Excessive @entity3 consumption and heavy smoking are the main risk factors for upper digestive tract @entity1 . @entity1 risk is dose-dependent and @entity3 and smoking have synergistic effects. @entity3 is not carcinogenic. However, its first metabolite- @entity5 -has recently been shown to be a local carcinogen in @entity0 . Microbes representing normal @entity0 gut flora are able to produce @entity5 from @entity4 . This results in high local @entity5 concentrations in the saliva and contents of the large intestine. Asian heavy drinkers with a @entity2 for detoxifying @entity5 form an exceptional @entity0 'knockout' model for long-term @entity5 exposure. The risk of @entity3 -related digestive tract @entity1 is particularly high among this population. All mechanisms that have an effect on salivary or intracolonic @entity5 concentration are of importance. The message for prevention is that one should take care to have good oral hygiene and to avoid smoking, heavy drinking and drinking to intoxication.

title: XXXX consumption and cancer of the gastrointestinal tract.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 is a serious complication after laryngectomy. Gastric fluid is known to cause severe @entity2 and poor @entity1 . This study was designed to evaluate the effects of a @entity4 prophylaxis regimen on the incidence of @entity3 after laryngectomy. Twenty-one consecutive @entity0 were entered in the study. @entity0 with positive resection margins were excluded from the overall analysis. All @entity0 had a Connell's two-layer closure of the pharynx with absorbable suture, suction drainage of the neck, postoperative tube feeding, and prophylactic antibiotics. All @entity0 were started on an antireflux regimen postoperatively composed of continuous tube feeds, intravenous @entity6 , and intravenous @entity5 . @entity0 were followed postoperatively with Gastrografin swallows and clinically for 8 weeks. The control group consisted of retrospectively studied @entity0 managed identically except for the antireflux prophylaxis. The two groups were well matched for factors reported to influence the rate of pharyngocutaneous @entity3 formation. The control group had six fistulae (26%) and an average of 16.5 days of hospital stay. The study group had no fistulae and an average of 11.5 days of hospital stay (P = .02). This study suggests that @entity4 may predispose to @entity3 formation after laryngectomy and that mechanical and pharmacological prophylaxsis decreases postoperative morbidity and length of hospital stay.

title: Gastroesophageal reflux prophylaxis decreases the incidence of pharyngocutaneous XXXX after total laryngectomy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 enteric viruses occur in high concentrations in wastewater and can contaminate receiving environmental waters. Due to the lack of data on the prevalence of enteric viruses in New Caledonia, the presence and the concentrations of enteric viruses in wastewater and seawater were determined. Untreated wastewater and seawater samples were collected monthly for 1  year from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and from the WWTP's outlet, located directly on a popular recreational beach. Samples were tested for norovirus genogroups I and II (NoV GI and GII), astroviruses (AsV), sapoviruses (SaV), enteroviruses (EV), @entity1 ( @entity1 ), rotaviruses (RoV), @entity0 adenoviruses (HAdV) and @entity0 polyomaviruses (HPyV). To support these data, faecal samples from cases of @entity2 were tested for the first time for NoV and detected in the population. NoV GI, NoV GII, EV, SaV, HAdV and HPyV were detected in all wastewaters, RoV in 75  % and AsV in 67  %. @entity1 were not detected in wastewater. Overall, 92  % of seawater samples were positive for at least one virus. HPyV were detected most frequently in 92  % of samples and at concentrations up to 7.7  *  10(3) genome copies/L. NoV GI, NoV GII, EV, SaV, RoV and HAdV were found in 33, 66, 41, 33, 16 and 66  % of seawater samples, respectively. AsV were not detected in seawater. This study reports for the first time the presence of NoV and other enteric viruses in New Caledonia and highlights the year-round presence of enteric viruses in the seawater of a popular beach.

title: A 1-Year Study on the Detection of XXXX Enteric Viruses in New Caledonia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a worldwide tendency towards a reduction in the rates of @entity1 due to @entity0 . In Chile, a decrease in the number of hospital admissions due to this disease has been recorded. AIM: To assess general characteristics and temporal evolution of @entity2 mortality in Chile between 1990 and 2007. MATERIAL AND METHODS: National @entity1 records and population databases were reviewed. Crude and age-adjusted mortality rates for alcoholic and non-alcoholic @entity0 were calculated, evaluating their evolution in the study period and the relative risk by gender. RESULTS: In the study period, 44,894 @entity1 caused by @entity0 were recorded. Mortality rate was 16.6 @entity1 per 100,000 inhabitants. 54% of @entity1 were attributed to non-alcoholic @entity0 . There was a reduction in mortality rates for both types of @entity0 . Males accounted for 83 and 65% of @entity1 caused by alcoholic and non-alcoholic @entity0 , respectively. The figures for relative risk of @entity1 were 5 and 1.9, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 was the preponderant cause among @entity2 @entity1 . A decrease in mortality rates was observed in the study period. Improvements in disease treatment and control could possibly explain this trend.

title: [Mortality trend from XXXX in Chile from 1990 to 2007].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Central Pontine @entity8 (CPM) is the most severe @entity2 after liver transplantation and apparently is not related to changes in osmolarity. AIM: To report five transplanted @entity0 with CPM. @entity0 AND METHODS: In a series of 27 @entity0 subjected to liver transplantation between 2005 and 2008, we found five @entity0 who developed CPM. RESULTS: All @entity0 presented a severe @entity4 . In the absence of alterations in osmolality, they developed, between the second to seventh day after transplantation, a central @entity6 , @entity5 and Babinski sign, with preservation of sensorium. Magnetic resonance imaging showed demyelination of the motor pathway only in the protuberance. Motor recovery first began in the fingers and hands, followed by forearms, toes, feet, arms and finally the legs, defining a somatotopic recovery of the cortico-spinal pathway. CONCLUSIONS: This form of regaining motility shows that the selective involvement of the pyramidal tract in CPM, is according to its location in the pons and suggests a local entrapment. It is due to the structural @entity7 of the protuberance that limits the expansive requirements of cytotoxic and vasogenic @entity1 , and only affects the long fibers of cortico-spinal tracts, sensitized by @entity3 . The entrapment syndromes generally preserve the axons, injure myelin and have no inflammatory reactions.

title: [Central pontine XXXX after liver transplantation. Report of five cases].

answer: @entity8


abstract: The distribution of the mRNAs encoding the @entity0 D1, D2 and D5 receptors was determined in brain tissues obtained from intact female @entity2 , using a ribonuclease protection assay. Tissue blocks from the frontal cortex, striatum, thalamus, hippocampus and substantia nigra were dissected and total RNA was extracted. @entity0 D2 and D5 receptor DNA fragments were generated from @entity2 genomic DNA using polymerase chain reaction. To generate @entity0 receptor subtype-specific cRNA probes, DNA fragments corresponding to the @entity1 terminus of the @entity2 D1 and D2 receptor genes and to the putative transmembrane domain regions (IV-VI) of the D5 receptor gene, were subcloned into the pGEM3Z/4Z vectors. Expression of D1 receptor mRNA exhibited significant regional differences: striatum > > > cerebral cortex > or = hippocampus > or = lateral thalamus. D1 receptor mRNA was found in low quantities in the medial thalamus, but was not consistently expressed in the substantia nigra area. In contrast, D2 receptor mRNA was detected in all regions that were studied: striatum > > > substantia nigra > > hippocampus > or = cerebral cortex > or = medial thalamus > or = lateral thalamus. D5 receptor mRNA was also expressed in all regions, with highest levels in the cerebral cortex, striatum and lateral thalamus, and moderate levels in the substantia nigra, medial thalamus and the hippocampus. The D5 receptor mRNA appears to be widely distributed in the monkey brain. Most interesting is the expression of D5 receptor mRNA in tissues of the substantia nigra area.

title: Distribution of XXXX D1, D2, and D5 receptor mRNAs in the monkey brain: ribonuclease protection assay analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND Treatment efficacy for the increasing prevalence of @entity2 is a great challenge for both health care providers and individuals coping with this problem. This study aimed to evaluate @entity1 coping strategies used by primary care @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) as a supplementation of medical diagnosis before a physiotherapy programme. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 88 @entity0 were divided into 3 age groups: young adults (21-40 years old), middle-aged adults (41-60 years old), and the elderly (over 60 years old). Data was gathered from rehabilitation centers and primary medical care facilities. A cross-sectional design was used. The Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) was completed before the physiotherapy course. RESULTS @entity0 complained of @entity2 for 11.32  6.81 years on average. The most common strategies to cope with @entity2 included declaring that the @entity1 is manageable, praying and hoping, as well as increased behavioral activity. Statistically significant differences in coping strategies were found between age groups. The elderly @entity0 were more likely to "declare coping with @entity1 " in comparison to the younger age groups (p<0.01). @entity0 over 60 years of age were more likely to declare active coping with @entity1 , while young @entity0 reported catastrophizing. CONCLUSIONS @entity0 in different age groups had various difficulties in @entity1 coping. Most of them required support in self-management of @entity1 in addition to physiotherapy. The basic assessment of @entity1 coping strategies should be consistently taken into account and included in rehabilitation protocols in @entity3 treatment.

title: Strategies for Coping with XXXX in @entity0 with Long Physiotherapy Wait Time.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND Treatment efficacy for the increasing prevalence of @entity2 is a great challenge for both health care providers and individuals coping with this problem. This study aimed to evaluate @entity1 coping strategies used by primary care @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) as a supplementation of medical diagnosis before a physiotherapy programme. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 88 @entity0 were divided into 3 age groups: young adults (21-40 years old), middle-aged adults (41-60 years old), and the elderly (over 60 years old). Data was gathered from rehabilitation centers and primary medical care facilities. A cross-sectional design was used. The Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) was completed before the physiotherapy course. RESULTS @entity0 complained of @entity2 for 11.32  6.81 years on average. The most common strategies to cope with @entity2 included declaring that the @entity1 is manageable, praying and hoping, as well as increased behavioral activity. Statistically significant differences in coping strategies were found between age groups. The elderly @entity0 were more likely to "declare coping with @entity1 " in comparison to the younger age groups (p<0.01). @entity0 over 60 years of age were more likely to declare active coping with @entity1 , while young @entity0 reported catastrophizing. CONCLUSIONS @entity0 in different age groups had various difficulties in @entity1 coping. Most of them required support in self-management of @entity1 in addition to physiotherapy. The basic assessment of @entity1 coping strategies should be consistently taken into account and included in rehabilitation protocols in @entity3 treatment.

title: Strategies for Coping with @entity2 in XXXX with Long Physiotherapy Wait Time.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity15 is a @entity6 of early childhood characterized by the formation of @entity2 in the skin, muscle, viscera, bone, and subcutaneous tissue. Although relatively rare overall, it represents the most common @entity2 of infancy. The etiology of this disorder is unknown. @entity15 can present as a solitary or multicentric form. With the multicentric form, bone is often involved, but solitary @entity4 account for only 10% of the cases. Imaging findings are not pathognomonic, and the differential diagnosis usually includes @entity10 ( @entity7 ), @entity12 , @entity1 , @entity14 , @entity13 , @entity11 , @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity9 . A histological pattern is typical, but there are no histopathological differences between the solitary and multicentric forms. @entity3 generally have a favorable prognosis if totally removed, with a 10% recurrence rate; incompletely resected lesions recur. We report the case of a 9-year-old @entity0 who came to our attention with a solitary infantile @entity16 of the calvarium, appearing as a tight-elastic, lightly tender mass in the left frontal area, eroding both the inner and the outer tables. Histopathologically, the specimens showed a spindle-cell @entity2 with dense reticulin fiber network and expression of smooth muscle actin. Fifty-eight months MR follow-up after total removal showed no residual or relapse.

title: XXXX of the cranial vault: case report.

answer: @entity15


abstract: PURPOSE: The transinguinal preperitoneal (TIPP) technique uses a preperitoneal mesh preformed with a permanent @entity4 , which greatly facilitates application of Rives' technique. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate our primary results by systematic clinical and ultrasound evaluations more than 1  year after surgery. METHODS: This unicentric study included all consecutive adult @entity0 treated with surgery for a groin @entity2 by the same surgeon using the same technique between December 2006 and December 2008. Any @entity0 who participated in this study had both a systematic clinical and ultrasound control between 6  months and 3  years after surgery. RESULTS: In this study, we performed 145 @entity2 repairs. There was no infection of the mesh and no clinical recurrence; additionally there was an ultrasound recurrence (n  =  3) in 2% of asymptomatic @entity0 and @entity3 in 4.8% of @entity0 who did not require the consumption of systematic painkillers and are not limited in their activities. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to correct a groin @entity2 using a preperitoneal preformed mesh with a permanent @entity4 . Our study confirms the positive results of P  lissier and colleagues (P  lissier and Ngo, Ann Chir 131:590-594, 2006; P  lissier et al. J Chir 144(4):5S35-5S40, 2007; P  lissier et al. Hernia 11:229-234, 2007; P  lissier et al. Hernia 12:51-56, 2007) and Berrevoet et al. (Hernia 13:243-249, 2009; Langenbeck's Arch Surg 395:557-562, 2010) and is the first study to use a systematic clinical and ultrasound control more than 1  year after surgery. This technique has a low rate of complications, including ultrasound recurrence in 2% of @entity0 without any clinical recurrence and @entity3 in 4.8% of @entity0 who did not require the consumption of systematic painkillers and are not limited in their activities. This technique consisted of the placement of a patch in the preperitoneal space, which combines the benefits of the anterior approach (i.e., easy technique, short learning curve, low cost) and the preperitoneal placement of the mesh (less recurrence, @entity1 ). This procedure is a good alternative to Lichtenstein's technique.

title: Transinguinal preperitoneal groin @entity2 repair using a preperitoneal mesh preformed with a permanent XXXX : a good alternative to Lichtenstein's technique.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: The transinguinal preperitoneal (TIPP) technique uses a preperitoneal mesh preformed with a permanent @entity4 , which greatly facilitates application of Rives' technique. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate our primary results by systematic clinical and ultrasound evaluations more than 1  year after surgery. METHODS: This unicentric study included all consecutive adult @entity0 treated with surgery for a groin @entity2 by the same surgeon using the same technique between December 2006 and December 2008. Any @entity0 who participated in this study had both a systematic clinical and ultrasound control between 6  months and 3  years after surgery. RESULTS: In this study, we performed 145 @entity2 repairs. There was no infection of the mesh and no clinical recurrence; additionally there was an ultrasound recurrence (n  =  3) in 2% of asymptomatic @entity0 and @entity3 in 4.8% of @entity0 who did not require the consumption of systematic painkillers and are not limited in their activities. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to correct a groin @entity2 using a preperitoneal preformed mesh with a permanent @entity4 . Our study confirms the positive results of P  lissier and colleagues (P  lissier and Ngo, Ann Chir 131:590-594, 2006; P  lissier et al. J Chir 144(4):5S35-5S40, 2007; P  lissier et al. Hernia 11:229-234, 2007; P  lissier et al. Hernia 12:51-56, 2007) and Berrevoet et al. (Hernia 13:243-249, 2009; Langenbeck's Arch Surg 395:557-562, 2010) and is the first study to use a systematic clinical and ultrasound control more than 1  year after surgery. This technique has a low rate of complications, including ultrasound recurrence in 2% of @entity0 without any clinical recurrence and @entity3 in 4.8% of @entity0 who did not require the consumption of systematic painkillers and are not limited in their activities. This technique consisted of the placement of a patch in the preperitoneal space, which combines the benefits of the anterior approach (i.e., easy technique, short learning curve, low cost) and the preperitoneal placement of the mesh (less recurrence, @entity1 ). This procedure is a good alternative to Lichtenstein's technique.

title: Transinguinal preperitoneal groin XXXX repair using a preperitoneal mesh preformed with a permanent @entity4 : a good alternative to Lichtenstein's technique.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Accumulating evidence suggests that not all @entity1 chemotherapy @entity0 who receive first-cycle pegfilgrastim prophylaxis continue to receive it in subsequent cycles and that these @entity0 may be subsequently at higher risk of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Additional evidence from US clinical practice is warranted. METHODS: Data from two US private healthcare claims repositories were employed. The source population comprised adults who received "intermediate-risk" or "high-risk" chemotherapy regimens for solid @entity1 or @entity3 and first-cycle pegfilgrastim prophylaxis. From the source population, all @entity0 who did not receive second-cycle pegfilgrastim prophylaxis ("comparison @entity0 ") were matched (1:1) to those who received it ("pegfilgrastim @entity0 ") based on @entity1 , regimen, and propensity score. Odds ratios (OR) for @entity2 -broad and narrow definitions-during the second chemotherapy cycle were estimated for comparison @entity0 versus pegfilgrastim @entity0 using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: A total of 2245 comparison @entity0 (5.3  % of source population) were matched to pegfilgrastim @entity0 ; cohorts were well-balanced on baseline characteristics. Second-cycle @entity2 incidence proportions for comparison and pegfilgrastim @entity0 were 3.8 versus 2.2  % based on broad definition and 2.6 versus 0.8  % based on narrow definition; corresponding OR were 1.7 (95  % CI 1.2-2.5, p   =   0.002) and 3.5 (95  % CI 2.0-6.0, p   <   0.001). Results were similar within @entity1 /regimen-subgroups and were robust when using alternative methods for confounding adjustment. CONCLUSIONS: In this retrospective evaluation of @entity1 chemotherapy @entity0 who received first-cycle pegfilgrastim prophylaxis in US clinical practice, a clinically relevant minority did not receive second-cycle prophylaxis. Second-cycle @entity2 odds among this subset were significantly higher than they were among those who continued prophylaxis.

title: Risk of chemotherapy-induced XXXX with early discontinuation of pegfilgrastim prophylaxis in US clinical practice.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We evaluated the predictive ability of FRAX   in a cohort of 815 Japanese @entity0 . The observed 10-year @entity4 rate did not differ significantly from that predicted by FRAX  . The predictive ability of FRAX   without femoral neck @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was similar to that with femoral neck @entity1 . INTRODUCTION: We evaluated the ability of the Japanese version of FRAX  , a World Health Organization @entity4 risk assessment tool, to predict the 10-year probability of @entity5 . METHODS: Self-reported major @entity5 (N = 43) and @entity3 (N = 4) events were ascertained in the 10-year follow-up survey of the Japanese Population-Based @entity2 Cohort Study. @entity0 were 815 @entity0 aged 40-74 years at the baseline survey. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis compared FRAX   with multiple logistic models based on age, body weight, and femoral neck @entity1 . RESULTS: The number of observed major @entity5 or @entity3 events did not differ significantly from the number of events predicted by the FRAX   model (with or without @entity1 ). The area under the curve (AUC) value for FRAX   with @entity1 for predicting major @entity5 was similar to that of a logistic model with age, body weight, and @entity1 (0.69 vs. 0.71, respectively; p = 0.198); the AUC of FRAX   with @entity1 for predicting @entity3 was similar to that of a model based on age and @entity1 (0.88 vs. 0.89, respectively; p = 0.164). The AUCs of FRAX   without @entity1 for predicting major @entity3 were similar to those with @entity1 (0.69 vs. 0.67, respectively; p = 0.121; 0.88 vs. 0.86, respectively; p = 0.445). CONCLUSIONS: The Japanese version of FRAX   without @entity1 estimated the 10-year probability of @entity5 in this population with few clinical risk factors as similar to that of FRAX   with @entity1 .

title: @entity4 risk prediction using FRAX  : a 10-year follow-up survey of the Japanese Population-Based XXXX (JPOS) Cohort Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We evaluated the predictive ability of FRAX   in a cohort of 815 Japanese @entity0 . The observed 10-year @entity4 rate did not differ significantly from that predicted by FRAX  . The predictive ability of FRAX   without femoral neck @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was similar to that with femoral neck @entity1 . INTRODUCTION: We evaluated the ability of the Japanese version of FRAX  , a World Health Organization @entity4 risk assessment tool, to predict the 10-year probability of @entity5 . METHODS: Self-reported major @entity5 (N = 43) and @entity3 (N = 4) events were ascertained in the 10-year follow-up survey of the Japanese Population-Based @entity2 Cohort Study. @entity0 were 815 @entity0 aged 40-74 years at the baseline survey. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis compared FRAX   with multiple logistic models based on age, body weight, and femoral neck @entity1 . RESULTS: The number of observed major @entity5 or @entity3 events did not differ significantly from the number of events predicted by the FRAX   model (with or without @entity1 ). The area under the curve (AUC) value for FRAX   with @entity1 for predicting major @entity5 was similar to that of a logistic model with age, body weight, and @entity1 (0.69 vs. 0.71, respectively; p = 0.198); the AUC of FRAX   with @entity1 for predicting @entity3 was similar to that of a model based on age and @entity1 (0.88 vs. 0.89, respectively; p = 0.164). The AUCs of FRAX   without @entity1 for predicting major @entity3 were similar to those with @entity1 (0.69 vs. 0.67, respectively; p = 0.121; 0.88 vs. 0.86, respectively; p = 0.445). CONCLUSIONS: The Japanese version of FRAX   without @entity1 estimated the 10-year probability of @entity5 in this population with few clinical risk factors as similar to that of FRAX   with @entity1 .

title: XXXX risk prediction using FRAX  : a 10-year follow-up survey of the Japanese Population-Based @entity2 (JPOS) Cohort Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Shifts in ecosystem structure have been observed over recent decades as woody plants encroach upon grasslands and wetlands globally. The migration of mangrove forests into salt marsh ecosystems is one such shift which could have important implications for global 'blue @entity0 ' stocks. To date, attempts to quantify changes in ecosystem function are essentially constrained to climate-mediated pulses (30  years or less) of encroachment occurring at the thermal limits of mangroves. In this study, we track the continuous, lateral encroachment of mangroves into two south-eastern Australian salt marshes over a period of 70  years and quantify corresponding changes in biomass and belowground C stores. Substantial increases in biomass and belowground C stores have resulted as mangroves replaced salt marsh at both marine and estuarine sites. After 30  years, aboveground biomass was significantly higher than salt marsh, with biomass continuing to increase with mangrove age. Biomass increased at the mesohaline river site by 130      18  @entity1 biomass km(-2)   yr(-1) (mean      SE), a 2.5 times higher rate than the marine embayment site (52      10  @entity1 biomass km(-2) yr(-1) ), suggesting local constraints on biomass production. At both sites, and across all vegetation categories, belowground C considerably outweighed aboveground biomass stocks, with belowground C stocks increasing at up to 230      62  @entity1  C  km(-2) yr(-1) (    SE) as mangrove forests developed. Over the past 70  years, we estimate mangrove encroachment may have already enhanced intertidal biomass by up to 283  097  @entity1 and belowground C stocks by over 500  000  @entity1 in the state of New South Wales alone. Under changing climatic conditions and rising sea levels, global blue @entity0 storage may be enhanced as mangrove encroachment becomes more widespread, thereby countering global warming.

title: Seventy years of continuous encroachment substantially increases 'blue XXXX ' capacity as mangroves replace intertidal salt marshes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of contralateral electrographic involvement on memory performance (measured by neuropsychological and Wada memory testing) in @entity0 with @entity1 associated with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: We studied 51 @entity0 with medically-refractory @entity1 associated with unilateral @entity4 (27 @entity0 , 30/51, left @entity4 ) submitted to prolonged non-invasive video-EEG monitoring and bilateral Wada testing. According to ictal electrographic involvement, @entity0 were classified as: Contralateral ictal involvement, when one or more @entity2 evolved with rhythmic activity in the temporal region contralateral to the @entity4 or exclusive ipsilateral ictal involvement if all @entity2 showed ictal EEG activity exclusively on the @entity4 side. Wada testing involved a twelve-item memory paradigm. Wada memory asymmetry score was calculated for each @entity0 subtracting the number of recalled items after injection on the lesion side from the number of recalled items after contralateral injection. Expected asymmetry (EA) was considered if Wada memory asymmetry>0, and Symmetrical or Reversed memory asymmetry (S-RA) when  <=0. Neuropsychological testing was applied in the 51 @entity0 and in 40 healthy controls. Verbal Memory was evaluated with the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT), considering the number of recalled items on immediate recall after the initial five consecutive encoding trials (RAVLT 6), a post-interference delayed (30min) recall (RAVLT 7), and recall after 7days. Nonverbal memory was tested with Wechsler Memory Scale-III ( @entity3 -III) Faces subtests 1 e 2. RESULTS: Groups did not differ in demographic, clinical and video-EEG monitoring variables. S-RA was observed more frequently in the group with contralateral ictal involvement (57.2% vs. 27.0%; p: 0.03). Logistic regression analysis considering demographic, clinical, hippocampal volume and video-EEG monitoring variables showed contralateral ictal involvement as the only independent variable associated with S-RA (coefficient=1.32, p=0.029, odds ratio 3.77; 95% CI 1.1-12.47). Additionally, the @entity0 group with contralateral ictal EEG involvement displayed worse verbal and nonverbal memory scores compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION: In this cohort of unilateral @entity4 @entity0 , contralateral ictal involvement was associated with decreased memory performance on Wada and on neuropsychological testing.

title: Contralateral ictal electrographic involvement is associated with decreased memory performance in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A 59-year-old Japanese @entity0 was incidentally discovered to have @entity3 in the duodenum by endoscopy during a health checkup. Laboratory studies showed an elevated level of serum @entity4 . The mutation of the @entity7 gene was not observed. An endoscopic examination revealed @entity2 in the bulbus and in the second portion of the duodenum. An upper gastrointestinal series also showed the @entity2 in the bulbus, and in the descending and horizontal portions of the duodenum. The biopsy specimen showed small monotonous cells with round nuclei compatible with a @entity1 . The @entity1 cells were positive for @entity4 and @entity6 . Based on the clinical diagnosis of @entity5 of the duodenum, a pancreas-sparing duodenectomy was performed. Macroscopic findings showed about 30 polypoid lesions throughout the duodenum. The biggest one was not over 10 mm in size. A histological examination revealed well-demarcated @entity1 located in the submucosal layer. Immunohistochemically, the @entity1 were diffusely positive for @entity4 and were scatteringly positive for @entity6 . The @entity0 's postoperative course of treatment was uneventful and his postoperative serum @entity4 went down to normal range. The pancreas-sparing duodenectomy is a safe and effective treatment in @entity0 with @entity5 of the duodenum, that are smaller than 1 cm in size.

title: Multiple XXXX - and @entity6 -containing carcinoids of the duodenum: report of a case treated by pancreas-sparing duodenectomy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A 59-year-old Japanese @entity0 was incidentally discovered to have @entity3 in the duodenum by endoscopy during a health checkup. Laboratory studies showed an elevated level of serum @entity4 . The mutation of the @entity7 gene was not observed. An endoscopic examination revealed @entity2 in the bulbus and in the second portion of the duodenum. An upper gastrointestinal series also showed the @entity2 in the bulbus, and in the descending and horizontal portions of the duodenum. The biopsy specimen showed small monotonous cells with round nuclei compatible with a @entity1 . The @entity1 cells were positive for @entity4 and @entity6 . Based on the clinical diagnosis of @entity5 of the duodenum, a pancreas-sparing duodenectomy was performed. Macroscopic findings showed about 30 polypoid lesions throughout the duodenum. The biggest one was not over 10 mm in size. A histological examination revealed well-demarcated @entity1 located in the submucosal layer. Immunohistochemically, the @entity1 were diffusely positive for @entity4 and were scatteringly positive for @entity6 . The @entity0 's postoperative course of treatment was uneventful and his postoperative serum @entity4 went down to normal range. The pancreas-sparing duodenectomy is a safe and effective treatment in @entity0 with @entity5 of the duodenum, that are smaller than 1 cm in size.

title: Multiple @entity4 - and XXXX -containing carcinoids of the duodenum: report of a case treated by pancreas-sparing duodenectomy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 have traditionally been treated with surgical excision; however, their excellent long-term prognosis has popularized conservative and minimally invasive ablative techniques. We evaluated the evolving management and natural history of @entity4 and investigated the relationship between radiological and histopathological diagnosis. METHODS: We performed a 17-year retrospective cohort study on all @entity0 with a confirmed histopathological diagnosis of @entity4 . The primary outcome variables were long-term outcomes, coexistence with @entity2 , and development of @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 38 @entity3 were reported in 36 @entity0 . Of the 36 @entity0 , 29 (81%) were diagnosed incidentally. @entity3 was considered in the differential diagnosis in 4 @entity3 (10.5%). In total, 34 @entity0 underwent early surgical intervention; of these, 27 (79.4%) underwent radical nephrectomy and 7 underwent partial nephrectomy (20.6%). Four @entity0 (11.1%) were managed conservatively with surveillance. No @entity0 developed recurrence or @entity1 after a median follow-up of 84 months (range: 4-178). CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic accuracy for imaging modalities in @entity4 is poor. Surveillance or minimally invasive ablative techniques are appropriate in selected @entity0 with biopsy-proven @entity3 that are not increasing in size.

title: Dilemmas in diagnosis and natural history of XXXX and implications for management.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of our study was to report the status of @entity1 sites in the urology department at the University Hospital of Rabat and evaluate long-term results of surgical treatment of this @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Between 1989 and 2015, 10 @entity0 were treated for @entity1 . 10 cases were retrospectively reviewed and the following data were recorded: mode of revelation, seat, staging, TNM stage, treatment, evolution and survival. The mean age of @entity0 was 58,1 years (48-81 years). All @entity0 had @entity3 . Six @entity0 had a partial amputation of the penis, and three @entity0 underwent total amputation. The median size of the lesion was 4.25 cm (1.5-8 cm). All @entity1 had a distal seat (gland- Furrow balanopreputial), 8 were localized and non-invasive ( @entity7 - PT2) and 2 had infiltrated the urethra ( @entity6 ). Four @entity0 had lymph node localization. A single bilateral lymphadenectomy was performed and was positive only on one side, with a node <3 cm and no extracapsular extension. Two @entity0 were referred for chemotherapy, a neoadjuvant referred to basic ( @entity5 - @entity4 , @entity2 ) the other in a palliative goal. Median follow-up was 42 months (6 -72mois). Four @entity0 died, one of which was presented immediately with metastatic mode. Six @entity0 were alive at last node or local recurrence negative. @entity1 seems rare in Morocco. His oncologic and functional outcomes (sexual and urinary) depend on the precocity of the treatment. The surgery of lymph node resection with lymphadenectomy remains the reference treatment.

title: XXXX : about ten cases at the University Hospital of Rabat, review of the literature.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. This study examined optimal @entity0 and sulphur @entity1 supply in the first week posthatch in broilers and the relationship between essential @entity2 and dietary crude protein during the first week posthatch on performance at 7 d and through marketing. 2. The optimal supply during the 7 d posthatch using a 230 g/kg crude protein diet for sulphur @entity2 was 9.1 and for @entity0 was 10.3-10.8 g/kg with maximal body weight (BW) or feed efficiency as the criteria. 3. Feeding diets with crude protein content ranging from 200 to 260 g/kg with either constant amounts of essential @entity2 at different crude protein levels or constant ratios of essential @entity2 to crude protein resulted in enhanced performance at 7 but not at 4 d with high protein intake and proportionally increased essential @entity2 . 4. Performance on diets with crude protein ranging from 160 to 280 g/kg, with constant ratios of essential @entity1 to crude protein, was much enhanced with the high crude protein diets at 7 d. All chicks were transferred to standard diets after 7 d and the BW advantage due to the balanced @entity1 -high crude protein diet remained through marketing. 5. Thus increasing essential @entity2 in a constant ratio to crude protein enhanced performance during the 7 d posthatch.

title: Crude protein and essential XXXX requirements in chicks during the first week posthatch.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Aim. In this study we examined the influence of @entity9 ( @entity10 ) on the neuroprotective effects of @entity3 ( @entity8 ) in the @entity5 - ( @entity5 ) lesioned @entity0 model of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Methods. Levels in the redox system, @entity2 (DA) metabolism, dopaminergic neuronal survival, and apoptosis of the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum, as well as the rotational behavior of animals were examined after a 50-day administration of @entity8 + @entity10 (or @entity8 ) and/or @entity6 ( @entity6 ) to @entity1 @entity0 . Ethics Committee of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University approved the protocol (number SYXK2009-0082). Results. Administration of @entity8 or @entity10 alone did not show any significant effects on the factors evaluated in the @entity1 @entity0 . However, in the @entity8 + @entity10 group, we observed markedly decreased oxidative damage, inhibition of DA metabolism and enhanced DA synthesis, increased @entity7 hydroxylase- (TH-) immunopositive neuronal survival, and delayed apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in the SN. Animal rotational behavior was improved in the @entity8 + @entity10 group. Additionally, coadministration of @entity8 + @entity10 appeared to offset the possible oxidative @entity4 induced by @entity6 . Conclusion. In this study, we demonstrated that @entity9 allowed occurrence of the neuroprotective effect of @entity3 probably due to inhibition of P-glycoprotein on @entity5 -lesioned @entity0 models of @entity1 , including @entity0 undergoing long-term @entity6 treatment.

title: Enhanced Neuroprotective Effects of Coadministration of XXXX with @entity3 in Preclinical Model of @entity1 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Aim. In this study we examined the influence of @entity9 ( @entity10 ) on the neuroprotective effects of @entity3 ( @entity8 ) in the @entity5 - ( @entity5 ) lesioned @entity0 model of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Methods. Levels in the redox system, @entity2 (DA) metabolism, dopaminergic neuronal survival, and apoptosis of the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum, as well as the rotational behavior of animals were examined after a 50-day administration of @entity8 + @entity10 (or @entity8 ) and/or @entity6 ( @entity6 ) to @entity1 @entity0 . Ethics Committee of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University approved the protocol (number SYXK2009-0082). Results. Administration of @entity8 or @entity10 alone did not show any significant effects on the factors evaluated in the @entity1 @entity0 . However, in the @entity8 + @entity10 group, we observed markedly decreased oxidative damage, inhibition of DA metabolism and enhanced DA synthesis, increased @entity7 hydroxylase- (TH-) immunopositive neuronal survival, and delayed apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in the SN. Animal rotational behavior was improved in the @entity8 + @entity10 group. Additionally, coadministration of @entity8 + @entity10 appeared to offset the possible oxidative @entity4 induced by @entity6 . Conclusion. In this study, we demonstrated that @entity9 allowed occurrence of the neuroprotective effect of @entity3 probably due to inhibition of P-glycoprotein on @entity5 -lesioned @entity0 models of @entity1 , including @entity0 undergoing long-term @entity6 treatment.

title: Enhanced Neuroprotective Effects of Coadministration of @entity9 with @entity3 in Preclinical Model of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Aim. In this study we examined the influence of @entity9 ( @entity10 ) on the neuroprotective effects of @entity3 ( @entity8 ) in the @entity5 - ( @entity5 ) lesioned @entity0 model of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Methods. Levels in the redox system, @entity2 (DA) metabolism, dopaminergic neuronal survival, and apoptosis of the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum, as well as the rotational behavior of animals were examined after a 50-day administration of @entity8 + @entity10 (or @entity8 ) and/or @entity6 ( @entity6 ) to @entity1 @entity0 . Ethics Committee of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University approved the protocol (number SYXK2009-0082). Results. Administration of @entity8 or @entity10 alone did not show any significant effects on the factors evaluated in the @entity1 @entity0 . However, in the @entity8 + @entity10 group, we observed markedly decreased oxidative damage, inhibition of DA metabolism and enhanced DA synthesis, increased @entity7 hydroxylase- (TH-) immunopositive neuronal survival, and delayed apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in the SN. Animal rotational behavior was improved in the @entity8 + @entity10 group. Additionally, coadministration of @entity8 + @entity10 appeared to offset the possible oxidative @entity4 induced by @entity6 . Conclusion. In this study, we demonstrated that @entity9 allowed occurrence of the neuroprotective effect of @entity3 probably due to inhibition of P-glycoprotein on @entity5 -lesioned @entity0 models of @entity1 , including @entity0 undergoing long-term @entity6 treatment.

title: Enhanced Neuroprotective Effects of Coadministration of @entity9 with XXXX in Preclinical Model of @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We report bowel complications on a series of 32 @entity0 treated with wide field abdominal irradiation for @entity2 between 1979 and 1983. Irradiation was preceded by chemotherapy in 30/32 @entity0 . Fifteen of the 32 @entity0 received total abdominal irradiation and 17/32 received upper hemi-abdominal irradiation to a dose of 20-25 Gy. A boost of 5-20 Gy to a reduced volume was added in 14/32. A special diet was prescribed from the start of irradiation. Immediate tolerance to irradiation was good in 94% of @entity0 . Only five @entity0 developed @entity1 . Definite radiation-induced bowel changes were demonstrated in only two of these cases and other pathology was found to explain the symptomatology in the remaining three. Comparison with a previous series of 50 @entity2 @entity0 treated with total abdominal irradiation to 30 Gy plus inverted Y boost to 10 Gy demonstrated a net improvement in the immediate tolerance and reduction in the incidence and gravity of delayed @entity1 in the current series. The reasons for the improved early and late bowel tolerance (radiation dose and volume, etc.) as well as conditions which can mimic late radiation @entity3 , will be discussed.

title: Intestinal complications of wide field abdominal irradiation for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of risk factors for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in a lower middle-class urban community of @entity3 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study in an age- and sex-stratified random community sample with equal sample size per stratum. Direct age-standardization using the standard world population to allow international comparison of findings. @entity5 modelling to identify risk factors for @entity1 . SETTING: G  lveren, a residential area in Ankara, total population 23,000 @entity0 . @entity0 : A total of 1672 adults aged 25-64 years and resident in the study community were interviewed, 1272 (76.1%) of those came for physical examination. MAIN RESULTS: The age-standardized prevalence of @entity2 according to WHO MONICA criteria was 18.6% (95% confidence interval: 16.1-21.1%) among @entity0 and 12.3% (9.7-14.9%) among @entity0 ; of @entity1 (body mass index, BMI > or =30 kg/m2) 51.0% (47.6-54.3%) among @entity0 and 15.1% (12.0-18.2%) among @entity0 ; of current smoking 20.1% (17.5-22.6%) among @entity0 and 64.8% (61.4-68.2%) among @entity0 ; of hypercholesterolaemia 20.1% (17.4-22.9%) among @entity0 and 13.8% (10.8-16.8%) among @entity0 ; and of low high density lipoprotein (HDL) 48.4% (44.8-52.1%) among @entity0 and 40.6% (36.0-45.2%) among @entity0 . In the regression model, age, female sex, non- and ex-smoking were associated with @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of smoking, @entity1 and low HDL is high in this urban, lower middle-class population, even in comparison with industrialized countries. Unexpectedly, @entity0 have less favourable @entity4 risk profiles than @entity0 , except for smoking. Preventive action should be community-wide and address the common risk factors simultaneously to avoid replacement effects such as becoming @entity1 after quitting smoking.

title: Cardiovascular risk factor levels in a lower middle-class community in Ankara, XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ), a disease entity comprising @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), is a frequent and potentially life-threatening event. To date different agents are available for the effective treatment of acute @entity5 and the prevention of recurrence. For several years, the standard of care was the subcutaneous application of a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or fondaparinux, followed by a @entity6 antagonist (VKA). The so-called direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) were introduced rather recently in clinical practice for the treatment of @entity5 . DOAC seem to have a favorable risk-benefit profile compared to VKA. Moreover, DOAC significantly simplify @entity5 treatment because they are administered in fixed doses and no routine monitoring is needed. @entity0 with objectively diagnosed @entity3 or @entity4 should receive therapeutic anticoagulation for a minimum of 3   months. Whether a @entity0 ought to receive extended treatment needs to be evaluated on an individual basis, depending mainly on risk factors determined by characteristics of the @entity2 event and @entity0 -related factors. In specific @entity0 groups (e.g., pregnant @entity0 , @entity1 @entity0 , and elderly @entity0 ), treatment of @entity5 is more challenging than that in the general population and additional issues need to be considered in those @entity0 . The aim of this review is to give an overview of the currently available treatment modalities of acute @entity5 and secondary prophylaxis. In particular, specific aspects regarding the initiation of @entity5 treatment, duration of anticoagulation, and specific @entity0 groups will be discussed.

title: Anticoagulant Treatment of @entity3 and XXXX : The Present State of the Art.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ), a disease entity comprising @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), is a frequent and potentially life-threatening event. To date different agents are available for the effective treatment of acute @entity5 and the prevention of recurrence. For several years, the standard of care was the subcutaneous application of a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) or fondaparinux, followed by a @entity6 antagonist (VKA). The so-called direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) were introduced rather recently in clinical practice for the treatment of @entity5 . DOAC seem to have a favorable risk-benefit profile compared to VKA. Moreover, DOAC significantly simplify @entity5 treatment because they are administered in fixed doses and no routine monitoring is needed. @entity0 with objectively diagnosed @entity3 or @entity4 should receive therapeutic anticoagulation for a minimum of 3   months. Whether a @entity0 ought to receive extended treatment needs to be evaluated on an individual basis, depending mainly on risk factors determined by characteristics of the @entity2 event and @entity0 -related factors. In specific @entity0 groups (e.g., pregnant @entity0 , @entity1 @entity0 , and elderly @entity0 ), treatment of @entity5 is more challenging than that in the general population and additional issues need to be considered in those @entity0 . The aim of this review is to give an overview of the currently available treatment modalities of acute @entity5 and secondary prophylaxis. In particular, specific aspects regarding the initiation of @entity5 treatment, duration of anticoagulation, and specific @entity0 groups will be discussed.

title: Anticoagulant Treatment of XXXX and @entity4 : The Present State of the Art.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity6 like clear cells have never been reported from Pakistan. We aimed to see the features and outcomes of this rare entity. METHODS: It was retrospective cohort conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery, Aga Khan University from 2003 to 2013. The medical records and radiology of @entity0 with proven histopathology were reviewed. Analysis was done on SPSS 20. RESULTS: Eleven cases of @entity1 with clear cells were found, which equated to 1.5% of the total @entity1 burden in 11 years. The median age was 49 years. Most common presenting symptom was @entity2 54.5%. Out of 11 @entity0 , 9 @entity0 had a @entity1 . Magnetic resonance imaging showed hypointense signals on T1 and hyperintense signals on T2-weighted images in all cases. Contrast enhancement was found in 9 @entity0 (77.8%), @entity3 and @entity5 was found in 4 (36%) and 3 (27%) @entity0 , respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed glial fibrillary acidic protein and epithelial membrane antigen positivity in all cases. Ki-67 showed high proliferative index in 6 @entity0 . According to the World Health Organization grading of @entity1 , 2 @entity0 had @entity1 , and 9 @entity0 had @entity1 with clear cells. Gross total resection was achieved in 6 (54.5%) and subtotal resection in 5 @entity0 (45.4%). Recurrence was observed in 9 @entity0 . Six @entity0 died of the disease. Median progression-free survival and overall survival was 8 months and 10 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with clear cells presented more commonly in @entity4 and were more aggressive in behavior with poorer outcome compared to similar studies.

title: @entity1 with XXXX like clear cells: Experience from a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with @entity6 like clear cells have never been reported from Pakistan. We aimed to see the features and outcomes of this rare entity. METHODS: It was retrospective cohort conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery, Aga Khan University from 2003 to 2013. The medical records and radiology of @entity0 with proven histopathology were reviewed. Analysis was done on SPSS 20. RESULTS: Eleven cases of @entity1 with clear cells were found, which equated to 1.5% of the total @entity1 burden in 11 years. The median age was 49 years. Most common presenting symptom was @entity2 54.5%. Out of 11 @entity0 , 9 @entity0 had a @entity1 . Magnetic resonance imaging showed hypointense signals on T1 and hyperintense signals on T2-weighted images in all cases. Contrast enhancement was found in 9 @entity0 (77.8%), @entity3 and @entity5 was found in 4 (36%) and 3 (27%) @entity0 , respectively. Immunohistochemistry showed glial fibrillary acidic protein and epithelial membrane antigen positivity in all cases. Ki-67 showed high proliferative index in 6 @entity0 . According to the World Health Organization grading of @entity1 , 2 @entity0 had @entity1 , and 9 @entity0 had @entity1 with clear cells. Gross total resection was achieved in 6 (54.5%) and subtotal resection in 5 @entity0 (45.4%). Recurrence was observed in 9 @entity0 . Six @entity0 died of the disease. Median progression-free survival and overall survival was 8 months and 10 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity1 with clear cells presented more commonly in @entity4 and were more aggressive in behavior with poorer outcome compared to similar studies.

title: XXXX with @entity6 like clear cells: Experience from a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan.

answer: @entity1


abstract: An 88-year-old @entity0 , with a history of resection of @entity1 in 1998, was referred to our hospital in August 2010 complaining of upper @entity3 , @entity2 , and dark brown stools. After endoscopic examination, she was admitted with a diagnosis of @entity12 . Vomiting ecurred when food intake was resumed after fasting. @entity5 was suspected on abdominal radiography, and @entity6 was confirmed by contrast-enhanced imaging after placement of an ileus tube. A small @entity8 with intussusception was detected by computed tomography. At laparotomy, there was no ascites. Intussusception was found due to an @entity1 located approximately 50 cm from the ileocecal valve, and we performed partial small bowel resection. The resected small intestine contained a @entity1 approximately 40 mm in diameter that had penetrated the bowel wall to reach the serosa. Pathological examination revealed a @entity1 that showed poor continuity with the surrounding mucosa, while the histology was @entity4 . Immunohistochemistry showed that the @entity1 was @entity9 positive, @entity7 negative, @entity11 negative, and @entity10 positive. Based on these findings, we made a diagnosis of small intestinal metastasis at 12 years after radical resection of @entity4 of the lung.

title: Ileal Intussusception Due to Metastasis from XXXX of the Lung Resected 12 Years Previously.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Each year, new antimicrobials are found or synthesized in an effort to improve the chance of overcoming @entity1 . In the early 1950s, the only antibiotic available for ocular use was @entity0 . Today, ophthalmologists can make a choice from a large selection of antibiotics for @entity7 . The majority of antibiotics have been literally unearthed, since worldwide soil surveys may have been the means of their discovery. In addition, synthetic derivatives of @entity0 , @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity6 , as well as drugs against @entity3 and fungi, have become available, and new names have been added to the already bewildering list of less frequently used @entity8 . However, it takes several years to appreciate the impact of new agents and the continued contribution of older ones. Constant reevaluation is mandatory. The real benefits as well as the untoward effects of a new antimicrobial agent may not be known until several years after the clinical introduction. In addition to approaching infection from the viewpoint of the offending organism and a specific antibiotic to address this organism, one may also approach this problem from the host's immunity. Until now, we have relied largely on the @entity2 , but one must also consider various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents and, even more importantly, the development of drugs to enhance the host's natural immunity.

title: Update on antibiotics in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Hepatic microsomal cytochromes @entity3 have recently been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from untreated adult @entity0 and identified as distinct isozymes [Ryan et al. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 1239-1250; Haniu et al. (1984) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 235, 304-311]. In Ouchterlony double-diffusion plates, as well as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and Western blots, purified immunoglobulin G (IgG) raised in @entity1 against cytochromes P-450f or P-450g show strong cross-reactions with the heterologous protein, indicating apparent partial identity. Anti- @entity2 also show strong cross-reactivity with cytochromes @entity4 but not with five previously characterized @entity0 hepatic cytochromes, P-450 (i.e., P-450a-P-450e), indicating a high degree of immunochemical and structural relatedness among cytochromes @entity3 .

title: Evidence for a family of four immunochemically related isozymes of cytochrome P-450 purified from untreated XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 are thought to be important in the pathogenetic mechanism of @entity2 @entity3 . But little is known about lipoxygenase products and their roles in brain. In the present study, lipoxygenase metabolism in the brain and its relevancy to @entity2 @entity6 were studied using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The @entity1 middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model was used because the time course of @entity2 @entity0 formation has been well known. The @entity1 brain was fixed by in situ freezing 24 and 72 hours after @entity5 , and removed. Identification and quantitative analysis of @entity7 (HETEs) in normal and @entity2 brain homogenates was performed by HPLC and GC-MS. The @entity1 brain was divided into the microvessel (MV) fraction and the rest. Then the same analysis was carried out in the both fractions obtained from the normal @entity1 brain. Only @entity8 was detected in the normal and @entity2 brain. Quantitatively, normal brains contained 1288 +/- 66 (mean +/- SE) of @entity8 ng/g wet weight, while the hemispheres rendered @entity2 for 24 and 72 hours after @entity5 contained 1101 +/- 48, and 1663 +/- 147, respectively. The @entity8 content was significantly increased 72 hours after @entity5 (p less than 0.05). The MV fraction of @entity1 brain contained @entity8 (653 ng/mg protein) ten times as much as the other fraction. The identification of @entity8 in the @entity1 brain is a new finding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Identification of XXXX in the @entity1 brain and its relevancy to ischemic cerebral edema].

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity4 are thought to be important in the pathogenetic mechanism of @entity2 @entity3 . But little is known about lipoxygenase products and their roles in brain. In the present study, lipoxygenase metabolism in the brain and its relevancy to @entity2 @entity6 were studied using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The @entity1 middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion model was used because the time course of @entity2 @entity0 formation has been well known. The @entity1 brain was fixed by in situ freezing 24 and 72 hours after @entity5 , and removed. Identification and quantitative analysis of @entity7 (HETEs) in normal and @entity2 brain homogenates was performed by HPLC and GC-MS. The @entity1 brain was divided into the microvessel (MV) fraction and the rest. Then the same analysis was carried out in the both fractions obtained from the normal @entity1 brain. Only @entity8 was detected in the normal and @entity2 brain. Quantitatively, normal brains contained 1288 +/- 66 (mean +/- SE) of @entity8 ng/g wet weight, while the hemispheres rendered @entity2 for 24 and 72 hours after @entity5 contained 1101 +/- 48, and 1663 +/- 147, respectively. The @entity8 content was significantly increased 72 hours after @entity5 (p less than 0.05). The MV fraction of @entity1 brain contained @entity8 (653 ng/mg protein) ten times as much as the other fraction. The identification of @entity8 in the @entity1 brain is a new finding.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Identification of @entity8 in the XXXX brain and its relevancy to ischemic cerebral edema].

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of the urinary bladder involves etiological factors, such as ethnicity, the environment, genetics, and diet. Cluster of differentiation ( @entity4 ), a well-known @entity2 marker, plays a crucial role in regulating @entity2 cell differentiation and @entity1 . This study investigated the effect of @entity4 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on @entity3 risk and clinicopathological characteristics. Five SNPs of @entity4 were analyzed through real-time polymerase chain reaction in 275 @entity0 with @entity3 and 275 @entity0 without @entity2 . In this study, we observed that @entity4 @entity5 polymorphism carriers with the genotype of at least one G were associated with @entity3 risk. Furthermore, @entity3 @entity0 who carried at least one G allele at @entity4 @entity5 had a higher stage risk than did @entity0 carrying the wild-type allele (p   <   0.05). In addition, The AATAC or GACGC haplotype among the five @entity4 sites was also associated with a reduced risk of @entity3 . In conclusion, our results suggest that @entity4 SNPs influence the risk of @entity3 . @entity0 with @entity4 @entity5 variant genotypes (AG   +   GG) exhibited a higher risk of @entity3 ; these @entity0 may possess chemoresistance to developing late-stage @entity3 compared with those with the wild-type genotype. The @entity4 @entity5 SNP may predict poor prognosis in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Effect of XXXX gene polymorphisms on risk of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in Taiwan.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the role of dysfunction of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) of @entity4 protein in the pathogenesis of @entity2 . METHODS: Eukaryotic expression plasmid pCMV- @entity4 -Flag was used as a template to generate mutant plasmid pCMV- @entity4   @entity0 -Flag by molecular cloning technique in order to design the mutagenic primers. The UACC903 cells were transfected transiently with @entity4 and @entity4   @entity0 plasmids, and the luciferase activity assays were performed to determine their impact on the transcriptional activities of target gene @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The oligonucleotide 5'-GAACGAAGAAGAAGATTT-3' was subcloned into pEGFP-N1 to generate recombinant eukaryotic expression plasmid pEGFP-N1- @entity4 - @entity0 . The NIH3T3 cells were transfected separately with @entity4 , @entity4   @entity0 , pEGFP-N1 and pEGFP-N1- @entity0 plasmids, and their subcellular distribution was observed by immunoflorescence assays. RESULTS: Expression plasmids for the mutant @entity4   @entity0 with loss of core @entity0 sequence and pEGFP-N1- @entity0 coupled with @entity4   @entity0 were successfully generated. Compared with the wild-type @entity4 , @entity4   @entity0 was not able to transactivate the transcriptional activities of promoter @entity3 and did not affect the normal function of @entity4 . @entity4   @entity0 was only localized in the cytoplasm and pEGFP-N1 was found in both the cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas pEGFP-N1- @entity0 was mainly located in the nucleus. CONCLUSION: This study has confirmed the localization function of @entity0 sequence 213ERRRRF218 within the @entity4 protein. Mutant @entity4 with loss of @entity0 has failed to transactivate the transcriptional activities of target gene @entity3 , which can result in melanocyte defects and cause @entity1 .

title: [Analysis of nuclear localization and signal function of XXXX protein predisposing to Warrdenburg syndrome].

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Embryonic skeletogenesis and post-natal bone development require the transfer of @entity0 from the mother to the offspring during pregnancy and lactation. Bone resorption in the mother thus becomes elevated during these periods, resulting in significant maternal skeletal loss. There follows an anabolic phase around weaning, during which there is a remarkable recovery of the maternal skeleton. However, the mechanism(s) of this anabolic response remains largely unknown. We identified 8 differentially expressed miRNAs by array profiling, of which miR-874-3p was highly expressed at weaning, a time when @entity1 was noted to recover. We report that this weaning-associated miRNA is an anabolic target. Thus, an agomir of miR-874-3p induced osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. These actions were mediated through the inhibition of @entity3 expression and enhanced @entity2 transcriptional activation. When injected in vivo, the agomir significantly increased osteoblastogenesis and mineralization, reversed @entity1 due to ovariectomy, and increased bone strength. We speculate that elevated miR-874-3p expression during weaning enhances bone formation, and that this miRNA may become a potentially exciting therapeutic target for conditions of @entity1 .

title: MicroRNA-874-3p Exerts Skeletal Anabolic Effects Epigenetically During Weaning by Suppressing XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Different pathologies, like @entity4 , @entity1 or @entity3 , are associated with abnormal lymphatic vessel formation. Therefore, influencing lymphangiogenesis is an interesting target. Recent evidence suggests that @entity8 ( @entity7 ), an anti-psoriatic agent, might have anti-tumorigenic and anti-lymphangiogenic properties. To prove this assumption, we performed proliferation and functional assays with primary @entity0 dermal lymphendothelial cells (DLEC). We could demonstrated that @entity7 suppresses DLEC proliferation and formation of capillary-like structures. Underlying apoptotic mechanisms could be ruled out. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated a pronounced G1-arrest. Further evaluations revealed increases in @entity2 expression. In addition, @entity7 suppressed @entity5 and @entity6 expression in a concentration dependent manner. @entity2 knockdown experiments demonstrated a @entity2 -dependent mechanism of regulation. Further analysis showed an increased @entity2 mRNA expression after @entity7 treatment. This transcriptional regulation was enforced by post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. In addition, we could demonstrate, that the combination of a proteasomal inhibitor and @entity7 superinduced the @entity2 expression. Hence, @entity7 is a new anti-lymphangiogenic compound and might be used in various illnesses associated with increased lymphangiogenesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity8 effectively inhibits lymphangiogenesis via XXXX induction and G1 cell cycle arrest.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Different pathologies, like @entity4 , @entity1 or @entity3 , are associated with abnormal lymphatic vessel formation. Therefore, influencing lymphangiogenesis is an interesting target. Recent evidence suggests that @entity8 ( @entity7 ), an anti-psoriatic agent, might have anti-tumorigenic and anti-lymphangiogenic properties. To prove this assumption, we performed proliferation and functional assays with primary @entity0 dermal lymphendothelial cells (DLEC). We could demonstrated that @entity7 suppresses DLEC proliferation and formation of capillary-like structures. Underlying apoptotic mechanisms could be ruled out. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated a pronounced G1-arrest. Further evaluations revealed increases in @entity2 expression. In addition, @entity7 suppressed @entity5 and @entity6 expression in a concentration dependent manner. @entity2 knockdown experiments demonstrated a @entity2 -dependent mechanism of regulation. Further analysis showed an increased @entity2 mRNA expression after @entity7 treatment. This transcriptional regulation was enforced by post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. In addition, we could demonstrate, that the combination of a proteasomal inhibitor and @entity7 superinduced the @entity2 expression. Hence, @entity7 is a new anti-lymphangiogenic compound and might be used in various illnesses associated with increased lymphangiogenesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX effectively inhibits lymphangiogenesis via @entity2 induction and G1 cell cycle arrest.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The objective of this study was to examine if individuals living near a @entity2 processing site have greater mutagenic damage, as measured by three mutagenicity assays, compared with subjects unexposed to any nuclear facilities. The design was a cross-sectional exploratory analysis of 112 subjects; 56 volunteer residents were from within a 5-mile radius of the Fernald @entity2 Processing site and 56 'control' subjects were from a geographically separate area unexposed to any known @entity2 emissions. The groups were constrained to be similar in age and sex composition. The main outcome measures were three @entity0 somatic gene mutation assays consisting of the @entity3 T-lymphocyte cloning assay to measure @entity1 resistant lymphocytes; the @entity4 assay to detect the loss of expression of the M or N allele; and the micronucleus assay as a marker of chromosomal damage. The results showed no statistically significant or quantitatively important differences between groups for all three mutagenicity assays; only the unselected cloning efficiency was statistically significantly different between groups (0.42 +/- 0.16 for the Fernald versus 0.35 +/- 0.12 for the comparison groups). In both groups, age was significantly related to @entity3 mutant frequency, with a 1.25% rate of increase in mutant frequencies for each 1-year gain of age in the Fernald group and a 1.12% rate of increase in mutant frequencies for each 1-year gain of age in the comparison group. For the micronucleus data, females had a greater mean micronucleus frequency than males. In addition, smokers had an increased mean ln (natural logarithm) @entity3 mutant frequency (3.06 +/- 0.14 for current smokers compared with a mean of 2.72 +/- 0.05 for non-current (i.e. never plus former) smokers). Our results are consistent with the previously reported association between sex type and micronucleus frequency, the known relationship between age and T-lymphocyte cloning efficiency and age and @entity3 mutant frequency, and verify the wide inter-subject variability for the latter. Finally, we conclude that at a population level, the relationships between current cigarette use and @entity3 mutant frequency, and sex type and micronucleus frequency, are stronger than is the association between geographic proximity to a @entity2 processing site and mutagenic abnormalities.

title: Do @entity0 living near a XXXX processing site have evidence of increased somatic cell gene mutations? A first study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of this study was to examine if individuals living near a @entity2 processing site have greater mutagenic damage, as measured by three mutagenicity assays, compared with subjects unexposed to any nuclear facilities. The design was a cross-sectional exploratory analysis of 112 subjects; 56 volunteer residents were from within a 5-mile radius of the Fernald @entity2 Processing site and 56 'control' subjects were from a geographically separate area unexposed to any known @entity2 emissions. The groups were constrained to be similar in age and sex composition. The main outcome measures were three @entity0 somatic gene mutation assays consisting of the @entity3 T-lymphocyte cloning assay to measure @entity1 resistant lymphocytes; the @entity4 assay to detect the loss of expression of the M or N allele; and the micronucleus assay as a marker of chromosomal damage. The results showed no statistically significant or quantitatively important differences between groups for all three mutagenicity assays; only the unselected cloning efficiency was statistically significantly different between groups (0.42 +/- 0.16 for the Fernald versus 0.35 +/- 0.12 for the comparison groups). In both groups, age was significantly related to @entity3 mutant frequency, with a 1.25% rate of increase in mutant frequencies for each 1-year gain of age in the Fernald group and a 1.12% rate of increase in mutant frequencies for each 1-year gain of age in the comparison group. For the micronucleus data, females had a greater mean micronucleus frequency than males. In addition, smokers had an increased mean ln (natural logarithm) @entity3 mutant frequency (3.06 +/- 0.14 for current smokers compared with a mean of 2.72 +/- 0.05 for non-current (i.e. never plus former) smokers). Our results are consistent with the previously reported association between sex type and micronucleus frequency, the known relationship between age and T-lymphocyte cloning efficiency and age and @entity3 mutant frequency, and verify the wide inter-subject variability for the latter. Finally, we conclude that at a population level, the relationships between current cigarette use and @entity3 mutant frequency, and sex type and micronucleus frequency, are stronger than is the association between geographic proximity to a @entity2 processing site and mutagenic abnormalities.

title: Do XXXX living near a @entity2 processing site have evidence of increased somatic cell gene mutations? A first study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 agonist treatment in type 2 @entity1 (T2DM) reduce blood @entity2 and food intake. It has been suggested that these effects are partly mediated through central @entity3 receptors (GLP-1Rs). The rodent and nonhuman primate hypothalamus show clear @entity4 expression. However, a detailed description of @entity4 expression in the @entity0 hypothalamus is lacking, and it is unknown whether this expression is altered in T2DM @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate the @entity4 distribution in the @entity0 postmortem hypothalamus and to determine whether hypothalamic @entity4 expression is altered in T2DM @entity0 . DESIGN: We investigated the distribution of @entity4 expression throughout the @entity0 hypothalamus by means of in situ hybridization. We also performed quantifications of @entity4 mRNA expression in two hypothalamic nuclei (ie, the paraventricular nucleus [PVN] and infundibular nucleus [IFN]), comparing @entity0 with T2DM and control subjects. RESULTS: We found that @entity4 mRNA was expressed in a number of hypothalamic nuclei including the PVN and the IFN, both involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. We observed sporadic colocalization of the @entity4 in the IFN with the orgexigenic neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, or proopiomelanocortin transcripts. Comparison of @entity4 mRNA in the PVN and IFN between T2DM @entity0 and control subjects revealed a decreased expression in T2DM @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Our studies show that @entity4 is widely expressed throughout the @entity0 hypothalamus. The decreased expression of @entity4 in the PVN and IFN of T2DM @entity0 may be related to the dysregulation of feeding behavior and @entity2 homeostasis in T2DM.

title: Decreased Hypothalamic XXXX Receptor Expression in Type 2 @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 agonist treatment in type 2 @entity1 (T2DM) reduce blood @entity2 and food intake. It has been suggested that these effects are partly mediated through central @entity3 receptors (GLP-1Rs). The rodent and nonhuman primate hypothalamus show clear @entity4 expression. However, a detailed description of @entity4 expression in the @entity0 hypothalamus is lacking, and it is unknown whether this expression is altered in T2DM @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate the @entity4 distribution in the @entity0 postmortem hypothalamus and to determine whether hypothalamic @entity4 expression is altered in T2DM @entity0 . DESIGN: We investigated the distribution of @entity4 expression throughout the @entity0 hypothalamus by means of in situ hybridization. We also performed quantifications of @entity4 mRNA expression in two hypothalamic nuclei (ie, the paraventricular nucleus [PVN] and infundibular nucleus [IFN]), comparing @entity0 with T2DM and control subjects. RESULTS: We found that @entity4 mRNA was expressed in a number of hypothalamic nuclei including the PVN and the IFN, both involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. We observed sporadic colocalization of the @entity4 in the IFN with the orgexigenic neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, or proopiomelanocortin transcripts. Comparison of @entity4 mRNA in the PVN and IFN between T2DM @entity0 and control subjects revealed a decreased expression in T2DM @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Our studies show that @entity4 is widely expressed throughout the @entity0 hypothalamus. The decreased expression of @entity4 in the PVN and IFN of T2DM @entity0 may be related to the dysregulation of feeding behavior and @entity2 homeostasis in T2DM.

title: Decreased Hypothalamic @entity3 Receptor Expression in Type 2 XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 agonist treatment in type 2 @entity1 (T2DM) reduce blood @entity2 and food intake. It has been suggested that these effects are partly mediated through central @entity3 receptors (GLP-1Rs). The rodent and nonhuman primate hypothalamus show clear @entity4 expression. However, a detailed description of @entity4 expression in the @entity0 hypothalamus is lacking, and it is unknown whether this expression is altered in T2DM @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate the @entity4 distribution in the @entity0 postmortem hypothalamus and to determine whether hypothalamic @entity4 expression is altered in T2DM @entity0 . DESIGN: We investigated the distribution of @entity4 expression throughout the @entity0 hypothalamus by means of in situ hybridization. We also performed quantifications of @entity4 mRNA expression in two hypothalamic nuclei (ie, the paraventricular nucleus [PVN] and infundibular nucleus [IFN]), comparing @entity0 with T2DM and control subjects. RESULTS: We found that @entity4 mRNA was expressed in a number of hypothalamic nuclei including the PVN and the IFN, both involved in the regulation of energy metabolism. We observed sporadic colocalization of the @entity4 in the IFN with the orgexigenic neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, or proopiomelanocortin transcripts. Comparison of @entity4 mRNA in the PVN and IFN between T2DM @entity0 and control subjects revealed a decreased expression in T2DM @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Our studies show that @entity4 is widely expressed throughout the @entity0 hypothalamus. The decreased expression of @entity4 in the PVN and IFN of T2DM @entity0 may be related to the dysregulation of feeding behavior and @entity2 homeostasis in T2DM.

title: Decreased Hypothalamic @entity3 Receptor Expression in Type 2 @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiologic evidence of associations between the high intake of fat and low intake of dietary fiber, beta carotene, and other dietary constituents and the risk of @entity2 has been inconsistent and has not provided a sufficient basis for recommendations concerning the dietary prevention of @entity1 in @entity0 . PURPOSE: We conducted a clinical trial to assess the effects on the incidence of @entity3 of reducing dietary fat to 25% of total calories and supplementing the diet with 25 g of @entity7 bran daily and a capsule of @entity5 (20 mg daily). METHODS: We performed a randomized, partially double-blinded, placebo-controlled factorial trial in which half the @entity0 were assigned to each intervention, resulting in seven intervention groups and one control group. Eligibility criteria included histologic confirmation of at least one @entity6 and confidence expressed by the colonoscopist that all @entity4 had been removed. Dietary changes were individually initiated and monitored by dietitians and research nurses. At surveillance colonoscopy, the size and location of all @entity4 were recorded, and their histology was later centrally reviewed. Among 424 @entity0 who were randomly assigned in the trial, 13 were found to be ineligible upon histologic review. Among the remaining 411, complete outcome data were collected from 390 at 24 months and from 306 at 48 months. All P values are from two-sided tests of statistical significance. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant prevention of total new @entity3 with any of the interventions. We found a statistically non-significant reduced risk of large @entity3 (> or = 10 mm) with the low-fat intervention: At 24 months, the odds ratio (OR) adjusted for potential confounders = 0.4 and 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.1-1.1; at 48 months, OR = 0.3 and 95% CI = 0.1-1.0. Less and statistically nonsignificant reductions in the risk of large @entity3 were found with @entity7 bran: At 24 months, OR = 0.8 and 95% CI = 0.3-2.2; at 48 months, OR = 0.8 and 95% CI = 0.3-2.5. @entity0 on the combined intervention of low fat and added @entity7 bran had zero large @entity3 at both 24 and 48 months, a statistically significant finding (P = .03). CONCLUSIONS: Because only small numbers of @entity0 were studied, our finding that the combination of fat reduction and a supplement of @entity7 bran reduced the incidence of large @entity3 in this randomized, controlled trial must be treated with caution. The results do suggest, however, that these interventions may reduce the transition from smaller to larger @entity3 , a step that may critically define those @entity3 most likely to progress to @entity1 .

title: Randomized trial of intake of fat, fiber, and beta carotene to prevent XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Abdominal wall disruption following blunt @entity1 is a rare but challenging injury, both in the acute and convalescent phases. The present report describes the recent experience with this injury at a single adult @entity1 center. In a 22-month period, nine @entity0 with traumatic abdominal wall disruption were managed. Flank and anteroinferior abdominal wall defects were most common. Associated injuries included 6 @entity0 with a pelvic @entity2 and 4 @entity0 with @entity1 . Immediate primary repair of the defect was attempted in seven cases at the time of @entity1 laparotomy, but was difficult and often unsuccessful because of the related tissue destruction. Delayed abdominal wall repair was performed in @entity0 with symptomatic disability (n = 5) and, if required, restoration of intestinal continuity was performed at a separate operation before abdominal wall repair. Delayed repair with autogenous tissue included the use of @entity3 , rectus femoris muscle, @entity4 , and latissimus dorsi muscle. Reconstruction with prosthetic mesh was required in two @entity0 . One early and one late recurrence occurred, resulting in reoperation. In conclusion, traumatic abdominal wall disruption represents a complex challenge for both general and plastic surgeons. The key to successful surgical management seems to be a delayed staged repair with autogenous tissue when feasible.

title: Surgical management of abdominal wall disruption after blunt XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: MATERIALS: Between 1987 and 1991, 114 fresh tibial shaft @entity0 with @entity1 , which met the inclusion criteria, were treated and retrospectively reviewed. There were 48 cases in the unreamed nail ( @entity2 ( @entity2 )) group and 66 cases in the external fixation (EF) group. METHODS: Soft tissue injury was classified by the Gustilo and Tscherne methods. There were 18 AO type A, 56 type B, and 40 type C @entity0 . There were no significant difference in fracture type, soft tissue injury, age, and additional injury between the groups. Outcome was assessed using the Karlstr  m score after 28 months. RESULTS: There were a significantly higher number of reoperations in the EF group. Mean time to bony healing was 25.8 weeks. In the EF group, there was a 26% rate of pin tract infection, whereas 19% of cases had bolt breakages in the @entity2 group. In the @entity2 group, 40% had good results, compared with 27% in the EF group. In the @entity2 group, there were significantly fewer ante- and recurvatum deformities of more than five degrees. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity0 by @entity2 , compared with EF, gave a lower reoperation rate and better functional outcome.

title: Outcome of tibial shaft XXXX with @entity1 treated by unreamed nailing versus external fixation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: MATERIALS: Between 1987 and 1991, 114 fresh tibial shaft @entity0 with @entity1 , which met the inclusion criteria, were treated and retrospectively reviewed. There were 48 cases in the unreamed nail ( @entity2 ( @entity2 )) group and 66 cases in the external fixation (EF) group. METHODS: Soft tissue injury was classified by the Gustilo and Tscherne methods. There were 18 AO type A, 56 type B, and 40 type C @entity0 . There were no significant difference in fracture type, soft tissue injury, age, and additional injury between the groups. Outcome was assessed using the Karlstr  m score after 28 months. RESULTS: There were a significantly higher number of reoperations in the EF group. Mean time to bony healing was 25.8 weeks. In the EF group, there was a 26% rate of pin tract infection, whereas 19% of cases had bolt breakages in the @entity2 group. In the @entity2 group, 40% had good results, compared with 27% in the EF group. In the @entity2 group, there were significantly fewer ante- and recurvatum deformities of more than five degrees. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of @entity0 by @entity2 , compared with EF, gave a lower reoperation rate and better functional outcome.

title: Outcome of tibial shaft @entity0 with XXXX treated by unreamed nailing versus external fixation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) intra- and inter-individual variability was previously reported, but its magnitude is still considered negligible for @entity0 management. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate inter- and intra-individual variability in real-world @entity1 @entity0 on @entity4 , @entity3 or @entity5 in four Italian anticoagulation clinics and to assess the correlation between DOAC plasma concentration and @entity2 -clearance ( @entity7 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 330 consecutive @entity0 were enrolled, of which 160 were on @entity4 (70 and 90 taking 150mg or 110mg twice-daily, respectively), 71 on @entity3 (37 and 34 taking 20mg or 15mg once-daily) and 99 on @entity5 (73 and 26 taking 5mg or 2.5mg twice-daily). Blood was taken at trough and peak within the first month (15-25days) of treatment. Diluted-thrombin-time (dTT) calibrated for @entity4 and anti- @entity6 calibrated for @entity3 or @entity5 was performed. RESULTS: Mean inter-individual variability expressed as overall CV values for all drugs was lower at peak (CV=46%) than at trough (CV=63%). Mean CV% intra-individual variability was 36.6% at trough and 34.0% at peak. Correlation with @entity7 was poor for all drugs and only @entity4 at trough showed a significant correlation. CONCLUSION: This multicenter study confirms high DOAC inter-individual variability that cannot be explained by the rate of renal clearance to which the three DOAC were subjected since the correlation with @entity7 was relatively poor. This poor correlation suggests caution in using @entity7 as the sole laboratory parameter to indirectly evaluate residual circulating DOAC.

title: Plasma levels of direct oral anticoagulants in real life @entity0 with XXXX : Results observed in four anticoagulation clinics.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) intra- and inter-individual variability was previously reported, but its magnitude is still considered negligible for @entity0 management. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate inter- and intra-individual variability in real-world @entity1 @entity0 on @entity4 , @entity3 or @entity5 in four Italian anticoagulation clinics and to assess the correlation between DOAC plasma concentration and @entity2 -clearance ( @entity7 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 330 consecutive @entity0 were enrolled, of which 160 were on @entity4 (70 and 90 taking 150mg or 110mg twice-daily, respectively), 71 on @entity3 (37 and 34 taking 20mg or 15mg once-daily) and 99 on @entity5 (73 and 26 taking 5mg or 2.5mg twice-daily). Blood was taken at trough and peak within the first month (15-25days) of treatment. Diluted-thrombin-time (dTT) calibrated for @entity4 and anti- @entity6 calibrated for @entity3 or @entity5 was performed. RESULTS: Mean inter-individual variability expressed as overall CV values for all drugs was lower at peak (CV=46%) than at trough (CV=63%). Mean CV% intra-individual variability was 36.6% at trough and 34.0% at peak. Correlation with @entity7 was poor for all drugs and only @entity4 at trough showed a significant correlation. CONCLUSION: This multicenter study confirms high DOAC inter-individual variability that cannot be explained by the rate of renal clearance to which the three DOAC were subjected since the correlation with @entity7 was relatively poor. This poor correlation suggests caution in using @entity7 as the sole laboratory parameter to indirectly evaluate residual circulating DOAC.

title: Plasma levels of direct oral anticoagulants in real life XXXX with @entity1 : Results observed in four anticoagulation clinics.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to determine @entity0 and injury characteristics that predict undertriage and overtriage. DESIGN: This study was a retrospective analysis of admissions for @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: All admissions for acute injuries in a 2 1/2-year period were included (N = 26,025). ICD-9 clinical modification codes were converted to Injury Severity Scores. MAIN RESULTS: Seventy-nine percent of severely injured @entity0 were admitted to level I @entity2 centers. Severely injured @entity0 admitted to other hospitals (undertriage) were more likely elderly (odds ratio = 5.44) and less likely had @entity1 (odds ratio = 0.55). One-fourth of @entity0 with @entity2 were admitted to level I @entity2 centers (overtriage). Overtriaged @entity0 were more likely intoxicated, obese, or had an injury to the head or face. CONCLUSIONS: In a developed @entity2 system, severely injured elderly @entity2 @entity0 (especially females) are at risk for undertriage. The characteristics of @entity0 at risk for overtriage reflect the difficulties of prospective out-of-hospital triage.

title: Triage in an established XXXX system.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Challenges in the clinical differentiation of @entity1 lead to the misappropriation of antibiotics and increased healthcare costs. A tool to facilitate rapid and accurate point-of-care (POC) differentiation is needed. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A prospective, single center, blinded, observational clinical trial was conducted at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center from December 2012 to August 2013 to determine the accuracy of a POC immunoassay to identify a clinically significant immune response to viral and/or @entity4 . Sixty @entity0 with @entity1 (19 @entity5 and 41 lower respiratory tract infection [LRTI]) were enrolled. @entity0 provided fingerstick blood for immunoassay testing (myxovirus A [ @entity6 ] and @entity3 [CRP]) and four oropharyngeal samples for viral PCR and routine bacterial cell culture. A venous blood sample was collected. An ELISA was used to measure CRP and @entity6 . Paired serological testing was used to confirm atypical bacteria. A urine sample was provided for Streptococcus and Legionella antigen testing. @entity0 with suspected LRTI had sputum and blood cultures, chest X-ray, and WBC count measured. @entity2 was confirmed if oropharyngeal PCR was positive for viral pathogens. @entity4 was confirmed in positive throat or sputum cultures. Elevated immunoglobulin M antibodies or twofold increase in IgG antibodies between acute and convalescent phase indicated atypical bacteria. Positive Streptococcus or Legionella urine antigen assays also confirmed @entity4 . The immunoassay correctly categorized subjects as 92% (22/24) negative, 80% (16/20) with @entity4 , and 70% (7/10) with @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: The interplay between an @entity6 value and a semi-quantitative CRP value can aid in the differentiation of infectious etiology. In isolation, neither @entity6 nor CRP alone is sensitive or specific. However, the pattern of results in a rapid immunoassay provides a sensitive and specific method to differentiate @entity1 . This diagnostic information may help reduce antibiotic misuse and resistance and lower healthcare costs.

title: Evaluation of a combined XXXX and CRP point-of-care immunoassay to identify viral and/or bacterial immune response in @entity0 with @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Challenges in the clinical differentiation of @entity1 lead to the misappropriation of antibiotics and increased healthcare costs. A tool to facilitate rapid and accurate point-of-care (POC) differentiation is needed. METHODS AND FINDINGS: A prospective, single center, blinded, observational clinical trial was conducted at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center from December 2012 to August 2013 to determine the accuracy of a POC immunoassay to identify a clinically significant immune response to viral and/or @entity4 . Sixty @entity0 with @entity1 (19 @entity5 and 41 lower respiratory tract infection [LRTI]) were enrolled. @entity0 provided fingerstick blood for immunoassay testing (myxovirus A [ @entity6 ] and @entity3 [CRP]) and four oropharyngeal samples for viral PCR and routine bacterial cell culture. A venous blood sample was collected. An ELISA was used to measure CRP and @entity6 . Paired serological testing was used to confirm atypical bacteria. A urine sample was provided for Streptococcus and Legionella antigen testing. @entity0 with suspected LRTI had sputum and blood cultures, chest X-ray, and WBC count measured. @entity2 was confirmed if oropharyngeal PCR was positive for viral pathogens. @entity4 was confirmed in positive throat or sputum cultures. Elevated immunoglobulin M antibodies or twofold increase in IgG antibodies between acute and convalescent phase indicated atypical bacteria. Positive Streptococcus or Legionella urine antigen assays also confirmed @entity4 . The immunoassay correctly categorized subjects as 92% (22/24) negative, 80% (16/20) with @entity4 , and 70% (7/10) with @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: The interplay between an @entity6 value and a semi-quantitative CRP value can aid in the differentiation of infectious etiology. In isolation, neither @entity6 nor CRP alone is sensitive or specific. However, the pattern of results in a rapid immunoassay provides a sensitive and specific method to differentiate @entity1 . This diagnostic information may help reduce antibiotic misuse and resistance and lower healthcare costs.

title: Evaluation of a combined @entity6 and CRP point-of-care immunoassay to identify viral and/or bacterial immune response in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1