abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 at admission has been associated to an adverse prognosis in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). However, its impact over the results of reperfusion therapies in @entity0 with STEMI is still a matter of controversy. AIM: to determine the impact of admission @entity5 on hospital and long term mortality, according to the method of reper-fusion utilized in @entity0 with STEMI. MATERIAL AND METHODS: prospective registry of 1,634 consecutive @entity0 aged 60    12 years (77% male), from 3 participating hospitals in the Chilean Registry of @entity2 (GEMI). We evaluated demographic, clinical and laboratory variables, reperfusion method used, hospital and long term mortality. The impact of @entity5 on hospital and long term mortality was evaluated by a logistic regression analysis and Cox risk, respectively, adjusted by Thrombolysis in @entity2 (TIMI) risk score. RESULTS: twenty four percent of @entity0 were @entity1 and in 45%, the @entity3 was located on the anterior wall. The mean TIMI risk score was 3.2    2.4. @entity5 at entry was associated to a greater hospital and long term mortality, independently of the reperfusion strategy utilized. Primary angioplasty was associated to a greater benefit, compared to thrombolysis among @entity4 @entity0 with an odds ratio: 2.9, 95% confi dence intervals: 1.0-8.0 and a hazard ratio of 2.9, 95% confi dence intervals: 1.44-5.88, independently of a previous history of @entity1 and TIMI risk score. CONCLUSIONS: in @entity0 with STEMI, admission @entity5 is associated with a worse prognosis which was significantly improved with primary angioplasty compared to thrombolysis, independently of the admission TIMI risk score.

title: [Admission @entity5 and mortality of ST segment elevation XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several clinical trials have been conducted over a period of many years reporting the benefits of @entity6 for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . REVIEW SUMMARY: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled stud-ies of 3-6 months' duration have demonstrated significant benefits for 5mg/D and 10 mg/D of @entity6 compared with placebo. The results include benefits for cognition, activities of daily living, and abnormal behaviors associated with @entity2 . The benefits are independently detectable by clinicians based upon direct @entity0 assessment with input from a caregiver. Populations studied include mild-to-moderate @entity2 @entity0 , moderate-to-severe @entity2 @entity0 , nursing home @entity0 , and outpatients. Open label studies that took place after the double-blind phase and 1-year double-blind, placebo-controlled trials demonstrated that benefits persist for more than a year. Adverse event (AE) profiles, generated in studies that used a 1-week forced dose titration, show a low incidence of primarily cholinegic AEs such as @entity4 and @entity3 . There are no significant laboratory AEs or drug interactions. Recent studies have assessed the benefits of @entity6 inpatients with @entity5 , mild @entity1 , and other @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 benefits @entity2 @entity0 by improving, stabilizing, or retarding decline of the cognitive, functional, and possibly behavioral features of the disease. The duration of benefits is not known but extends beyond 1 year. The drug is safe and well tolerated.

title: Update on Alzheimer drugs ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity6


abstract: Constipation in @entity0 is a common health problem affecting 0.7% to 29.6% @entity0 across the world. Exact etiology for developing symptoms is not clear in @entity0 and the majority is considered to have functional @entity1 . Alteration of rectal and pelvic floor function through the brain-gut axis seems to play a crucial role in the etiology. The diagnosis is often a symptom-based clinical process. Recently developed Rome III diagnostic criteria looks promising, both in clinical and research fields. Laboratory investigations such as barium enema, colonoscopy, anorectal manometry and colonic transit studies are rarely indicated except in those who do not respond to standard management. Treatment of childhood @entity1 involves several facets including education and demystification, toilet training, rational use of laxatives for disimpaction and maintenance and regular follow-up. Surgical options should be considered only when medical therapy fails in long standing @entity1 . Since most of the management strategies of childhood @entity1 are not evidence-based, high-quality randomized controlled trials are required to assess the efficacy of currently available or newly emerging therapeutic options. Contrary to the common belief that @entity0 outgrow @entity1 as they grow up, a sizable percentage continue to have symptoms beyond puberty.

title: Constipation in XXXX : novel insight into epidemiology, pathophysiology and management.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the outcome of surgery and radiotherapy in the treatment of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHOD: A retrospective study of 66 consecutive cases treated with surgery for @entity3 with a minimum follow-up of 4 years. Clinical and radiological information were compared before and after the following surgical approaches: frontotemporal craniotomy, frontotemporal craniotomy combined with orbitozygomatic resection and extended lateral orbitotomy alone. RESULTS: The median age at presentation was 46 years (range, 26-68 years) and the median follow-up after surgery was 102 months (range, 48-288 months). In total, 48 (73%) @entity0 showed preoperative @entity2 , with @entity2 . All @entity0 had @entity4 at presentation (mean    SD=6.4    3.0 mm). Surgery for @entity0 with @entity2 in 61% and improved vision in 30% of cases. Furthermore, a @entity4 was achieved in 85% of @entity0 . The @entity4 in this group was reduced by 2.6    2.6 mm. There was no correlation between surgical approach and @entity4 reduction (p = 0.125). The recurrence rate was 17%. Only 1 out of 15 @entity0 who underwent radiotherapy showed signs of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical aims in the treatment of @entity3 should be the restoration of visual acuity and @entity4 , @entity1 removal. The surgical approach can be tailored to individual cases. The authors recommend radiotherapy in cases of subtotally removed @entity3 .

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of upfront @entity6 , before nephrectomy in metastatic clear cell @entity5 (mCRC), has not been prospectively evaluated. METHODS: Two prospective single-arm phase II studies investigated either two cycles (study A: n = 19) or three cycles (study B: n = 33) of @entity6 before nephrectomy in mCRC. RESULTS: Overall, 38 of 52 (73%) of @entity0 obtained clinical benefit (by RECIST) before surgery. The partial response rate of the primary @entity1 was 6% [median reduction in longest diameter of 12% (range 8%-35%)]. No @entity0 became ineligible due to local progression of disease. A nephrectomy was carried out in 37 (71%) of @entity0 . Necrosis (>50%) was a prominent feature at nephrectomy in 49%. @entity4 (Clavien-Dindo classification) occurred in 10 (27%) @entity0 , including one @entity3 (3%). The median @entity2 and surgical time were 725 (90-4200) ml and 189 (70-420) min, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 8 months (95% confidence interval 6-15 months). A comparison of two versus three pre-surgery cycles showed no significant difference in terms of surgical complications or efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Nephrectomy after upfront @entity6 can be carried out safely. It obtains control of disease. Randomised studies are required to address if this approach is beneficial.

title: The safety and efficacy of XXXX before planned nephrectomy in metastatic clear cell @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The safety and efficacy of upfront @entity6 , before nephrectomy in metastatic clear cell @entity5 (mCRC), has not been prospectively evaluated. METHODS: Two prospective single-arm phase II studies investigated either two cycles (study A: n = 19) or three cycles (study B: n = 33) of @entity6 before nephrectomy in mCRC. RESULTS: Overall, 38 of 52 (73%) of @entity0 obtained clinical benefit (by RECIST) before surgery. The partial response rate of the primary @entity1 was 6% [median reduction in longest diameter of 12% (range 8%-35%)]. No @entity0 became ineligible due to local progression of disease. A nephrectomy was carried out in 37 (71%) of @entity0 . Necrosis (>50%) was a prominent feature at nephrectomy in 49%. @entity4 (Clavien-Dindo classification) occurred in 10 (27%) @entity0 , including one @entity3 (3%). The median @entity2 and surgical time were 725 (90-4200) ml and 189 (70-420) min, respectively. The median progression-free survival was 8 months (95% confidence interval 6-15 months). A comparison of two versus three pre-surgery cycles showed no significant difference in terms of surgical complications or efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: Nephrectomy after upfront @entity6 can be carried out safely. It obtains control of disease. Randomised studies are required to address if this approach is beneficial.

title: The safety and efficacy of @entity6 before planned nephrectomy in metastatic clear cell XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of a serial screening program in achieving early detection and preventing @entity2 in @entity0 at increased risk for @entity3 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Private dermatology practice. @entity0 : The study included all @entity0 at increased risk for @entity3 who were screened in the program during the 17-year period, July 1, 1992-June 30, 2009 (=1108 @entity0 per year). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival and indicators of early detection. RESULTS: All @entity3 that developed in program @entity0 during the 17-year period were detected early and there were no deaths, metastases, recurrences, nor need for sentinel node biopsies. An analysis of @entity3 cases seen in five recent years revealed additional evidence of consistent early detection: 80 percent of the lesions were in situ, no lesions were greater than 0.15 mm in @entity1 , and all lesions were in the radial growth phase, a stage almost always associated with cure. Four measures, often absent in mass screening programs, contributed to very early detection and cure: thorough serial examinations, biopsying suspicious lesions (particularly pigmented lesions that were highly irregular and/or approaching black in color), recalling @entity0 every six months to detect all @entity3 in the radial growth phase, and educating @entity0 on the need to return. CONCLUSION: An office-based surveillance program that includes serial full skin examinations and ongoing recalls appears capable of detecting @entity3 at a very early stage when cures can be realized in almost every case. Therefore, when @entity0 present with recognized risk factors for @entity3 , dermatologists should seriously consider recommending and performing such serial screening procedures.

title: Serial screening for XXXX : measures and strategies that have consistently achieved early detection and cure.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the locally-adapted CDSMP for older adults with @entity1 in Hong Kong in the primary care setting. DESIGN: A longitudinal, quasi-experimental study. SETTING: Community-based and primary care setting. @entity0 : Seven hundred and seventy-two @entity0 aged 55 or above with at least one @entity1 and were living in the community. INTERVENTION: The 6-weeks programme consisted of 6 group sessions, with each session lasting for 2.5 hours. Trained professional and elder lay leaders facilitated @entity0 to gain essential self-management knowledge and skills for the effective management of @entity1 . MEASUREMENTS: At baseline and 6 months, four categories of outcome measures were documented, covering self-management behaviours, self-efficacy, health status, and health care utilization. RESULTS: 302 and 298 @entity0 in the intervention and control groups completed 6 months follow-up respectively. @entity0 in the intervention group reported significant improvements in all self-management behaviours and self-efficacy measures, and 5 health status measures (social role limitation, @entity3 , health distress, symptoms of @entity2 and discomfort, and self-rated health) when compared with those in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The locally-adapted CDSMP may improve self-management behaviours, self-efficacy and health status among older adults with @entity1 in Hong Kong. CDSMP may be integrated into primary care services for older adults.

title: Evaluation of XXXX self-management programme (CDSMP) for older adults in Hong Kong.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway is widely involved in cell migration, apoptosis and @entity0 . However, its exact mechanisms in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the activity of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in @entity5 , investigate the functional mechanisms of @entity4 in  vitro, and thus elucidate the underlying therapeutic effects for @entity4 in  vivo. The activation of the @entity13 / @entity12 signaling pathway and the expessions of @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity3 proteins were investigated in AR42J cells induced with @entity9 and treated with either PBS, RPM, or @entity11 . One group of cells was left untreated as a control group. Subsequently the activity of @entity8 was evaluated. @entity1 were given RPM or @entity11 just before the induction of @entity4 , the severity of which was assessed at 24 h. The findings revealed that the up-regulated expressions of @entity13 / @entity12 , @entity10 protein were closely correlated with the transcription of @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity3 in @entity9 -stimulated cells. Administration of RPM or @entity11 decreased the activity of @entity8 and inhibited the release of @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity3 . The reflective markers of severity of @entity4 were also decreased by RPM or @entity11 treatment compared to @entity4 @entity1 . This study indicates that the @entity13 / @entity12 signaling pathway activity is an early event in pancreatic @entity2 . Therefore, early treatment with its inhibitors might be beneficial for attenuation of @entity5 in @entity4 .

title: The antagonist of the @entity13 / @entity12 signaling pathway improves the severity of @entity9 -stimulated XXXX via inhibition of @entity8 activity.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway is widely involved in cell migration, apoptosis and @entity0 . However, its exact mechanisms in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the activity of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in @entity5 , investigate the functional mechanisms of @entity4 in  vitro, and thus elucidate the underlying therapeutic effects for @entity4 in  vivo. The activation of the @entity13 / @entity12 signaling pathway and the expessions of @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity3 proteins were investigated in AR42J cells induced with @entity9 and treated with either PBS, RPM, or @entity11 . One group of cells was left untreated as a control group. Subsequently the activity of @entity8 was evaluated. @entity1 were given RPM or @entity11 just before the induction of @entity4 , the severity of which was assessed at 24 h. The findings revealed that the up-regulated expressions of @entity13 / @entity12 , @entity10 protein were closely correlated with the transcription of @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity3 in @entity9 -stimulated cells. Administration of RPM or @entity11 decreased the activity of @entity8 and inhibited the release of @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity3 . The reflective markers of severity of @entity4 were also decreased by RPM or @entity11 treatment compared to @entity4 @entity1 . This study indicates that the @entity13 / @entity12 signaling pathway activity is an early event in pancreatic @entity2 . Therefore, early treatment with its inhibitors might be beneficial for attenuation of @entity5 in @entity4 .

title: The antagonist of the @entity13 / XXXX signaling pathway improves the severity of @entity9 -stimulated @entity5 via inhibition of @entity8 activity.

answer: @entity12


abstract: The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway is widely involved in cell migration, apoptosis and @entity0 . However, its exact mechanisms in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the activity of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in @entity5 , investigate the functional mechanisms of @entity4 in  vitro, and thus elucidate the underlying therapeutic effects for @entity4 in  vivo. The activation of the @entity13 / @entity12 signaling pathway and the expessions of @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity3 proteins were investigated in AR42J cells induced with @entity9 and treated with either PBS, RPM, or @entity11 . One group of cells was left untreated as a control group. Subsequently the activity of @entity8 was evaluated. @entity1 were given RPM or @entity11 just before the induction of @entity4 , the severity of which was assessed at 24 h. The findings revealed that the up-regulated expressions of @entity13 / @entity12 , @entity10 protein were closely correlated with the transcription of @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity3 in @entity9 -stimulated cells. Administration of RPM or @entity11 decreased the activity of @entity8 and inhibited the release of @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity3 . The reflective markers of severity of @entity4 were also decreased by RPM or @entity11 treatment compared to @entity4 @entity1 . This study indicates that the @entity13 / @entity12 signaling pathway activity is an early event in pancreatic @entity2 . Therefore, early treatment with its inhibitors might be beneficial for attenuation of @entity5 in @entity4 .

title: The antagonist of the @entity13 / @entity12 signaling pathway improves the severity of XXXX -stimulated @entity5 via inhibition of @entity8 activity.

answer: @entity9


abstract: The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway is widely involved in cell migration, apoptosis and @entity0 . However, its exact mechanisms in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the activity of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in @entity5 , investigate the functional mechanisms of @entity4 in  vitro, and thus elucidate the underlying therapeutic effects for @entity4 in  vivo. The activation of the @entity13 / @entity12 signaling pathway and the expessions of @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity3 proteins were investigated in AR42J cells induced with @entity9 and treated with either PBS, RPM, or @entity11 . One group of cells was left untreated as a control group. Subsequently the activity of @entity8 was evaluated. @entity1 were given RPM or @entity11 just before the induction of @entity4 , the severity of which was assessed at 24 h. The findings revealed that the up-regulated expressions of @entity13 / @entity12 , @entity10 protein were closely correlated with the transcription of @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity3 in @entity9 -stimulated cells. Administration of RPM or @entity11 decreased the activity of @entity8 and inhibited the release of @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity3 . The reflective markers of severity of @entity4 were also decreased by RPM or @entity11 treatment compared to @entity4 @entity1 . This study indicates that the @entity13 / @entity12 signaling pathway activity is an early event in pancreatic @entity2 . Therefore, early treatment with its inhibitors might be beneficial for attenuation of @entity5 in @entity4 .

title: The antagonist of the @entity13 / @entity12 signaling pathway improves the severity of @entity9 -stimulated @entity5 via inhibition of XXXX activity.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling pathway is widely involved in cell migration, apoptosis and @entity0 . However, its exact mechanisms in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to explore the activity of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in @entity5 , investigate the functional mechanisms of @entity4 in  vitro, and thus elucidate the underlying therapeutic effects for @entity4 in  vivo. The activation of the @entity13 / @entity12 signaling pathway and the expessions of @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity3 proteins were investigated in AR42J cells induced with @entity9 and treated with either PBS, RPM, or @entity11 . One group of cells was left untreated as a control group. Subsequently the activity of @entity8 was evaluated. @entity1 were given RPM or @entity11 just before the induction of @entity4 , the severity of which was assessed at 24 h. The findings revealed that the up-regulated expressions of @entity13 / @entity12 , @entity10 protein were closely correlated with the transcription of @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity3 in @entity9 -stimulated cells. Administration of RPM or @entity11 decreased the activity of @entity8 and inhibited the release of @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity3 . The reflective markers of severity of @entity4 were also decreased by RPM or @entity11 treatment compared to @entity4 @entity1 . This study indicates that the @entity13 / @entity12 signaling pathway activity is an early event in pancreatic @entity2 . Therefore, early treatment with its inhibitors might be beneficial for attenuation of @entity5 in @entity4 .

title: The antagonist of the XXXX / @entity12 signaling pathway improves the severity of @entity9 -stimulated @entity5 via inhibition of @entity8 activity.

answer: @entity13


abstract: @entity7 of the bone is a chronic disease characterized by accelerated bone turnover with abnormal repair leading to expansion, @entity8 . The disease is common in the West, but little if any information is available on its existence in the Arab world, including Saudi Arabia. We present four cases of Saudi @entity0 with @entity7 with variable presentations. The first case, a 63-year-old @entity0 with a history of @entity6 , presented with bone, shoulder and chest wall @entity3 and foci of uptake in the ribs and skull that were thought to be @entity1 , indicating the possibility of diagnostic difficulty in a @entity0 with history of @entity2 . Bone biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of @entity7 . The second case was a 47-year-old asymptomatic @entity0 with an elevated alkaline phosphatase of 427 U/L, a common presentation but at an unusual age. Plain x-rays and bone scan confirmed the diagnosis. The third case was a 43-year-old @entity0 who presented with @entity4 and @entity5 , unusual presentations at a young age leading to a delay in diagnosis. The fourth case was a 45-year-old @entity0 who presented with @entity3 and normal biochemical values, including a normal alkaline phosphatase. Bone biopsy unexpectedly revealed features of @entity7 , which evolved over time into a classical form. A common feature in all except the first case was the relatively young age. @entity7 does exist in Saudi Arabia, and it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of similar cases.

title: XXXX of the bone: does it exist in Saudi Arabia?

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: @entity11 is a relatively common complication in @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity5 , obstetric calamities, and certain @entity1 . We report a rare case of DIC after embolization and surgery for a large @entity9 . We also review the literature on @entity7 during @entity8 surgery as well as the diagnosis and treatment of this complication. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old @entity0 presented with a 3-week history of @entity10 , difficulty with handwriting, personality change, and right-sided weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a 6.3   5.4-cm multilobe and avidly enhancing mass within the left frontal region. The @entity0 underwent preoperative transcatheter Onyx embolization of the @entity1 , followed immediately by craniotomy for resection of the @entity1 . Surgery was complicated by @entity7 leading to substantial @entity4 . The diagnosis of @entity11 was established by intraoperative thromboelastography, after which the @entity0 was treated with replacement therapy, Amicar, and modest @entity6 . One year after surgery, the @entity0 had fully recovered and had no focal @entity2 . CONCLUSION: This case report adds to the few reported cases of @entity11 as a complication of @entity8 surgery. This @entity0 's successful outcome may be attributed to timely recognition of the condition and effective, prompt treatment.

title: @entity11 during resection of a XXXX : case report.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: @entity11 is a relatively common complication in @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity5 , obstetric calamities, and certain @entity1 . We report a rare case of DIC after embolization and surgery for a large @entity9 . We also review the literature on @entity7 during @entity8 surgery as well as the diagnosis and treatment of this complication. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: A 62-year-old @entity0 presented with a 3-week history of @entity10 , difficulty with handwriting, personality change, and right-sided weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a 6.3   5.4-cm multilobe and avidly enhancing mass within the left frontal region. The @entity0 underwent preoperative transcatheter Onyx embolization of the @entity1 , followed immediately by craniotomy for resection of the @entity1 . Surgery was complicated by @entity7 leading to substantial @entity4 . The diagnosis of @entity11 was established by intraoperative thromboelastography, after which the @entity0 was treated with replacement therapy, Amicar, and modest @entity6 . One year after surgery, the @entity0 had fully recovered and had no focal @entity2 . CONCLUSION: This case report adds to the few reported cases of @entity11 as a complication of @entity8 surgery. This @entity0 's successful outcome may be attributed to timely recognition of the condition and effective, prompt treatment.

title: XXXX during resection of a @entity9 : case report.

answer: @entity11


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study of @entity0 who underwent multilevel balloon kyphoplasty at a single institute. OBJECTIVE: To examine and compare the safety and long-term radiographic and clinical effects of unilateral or bilateral balloon kyphoplasty to treat multilevel symptomatic @entity5 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Typically, balloon kyphoplasty involves placement of inflatable bone tamp via a bilateral transpedicular or extrapedicular approach. Recently, several articles reported unilateral kyphoplasty with comparable outcomes. However, few prospective randomized study comparing the radiographic and clinical outcomes using unilateral and bilateral approaches was reported. METHODS.: Forty-nine @entity0 with 114 Osteoporotic @entity5 were randomly allocated into two groups adopting unilateral or bilateral balloon kyphoplasty. @entity2 , and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores were compared with at least a 2-year follow-up. Vertebral body height and vertebral body kyphotic angle from this cohort were analyzed before surgery, after surgery, and at final follow-up. RESULTS: Both unilateral and bilateral balloon kyphoplasty resulted in significant @entity3 improvement and remained unchanged at final follow-up. Quality of life assessment using 36-Item Short Form Health Survey recorded marked and significant improvements in all mean subscale scores except general health and social function. Regarding the @entity3 , and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey scores, no significant difference existed between two groups. Significant increases of anterior and middle vertebral heights were recorded for both groups after surgery and maintained for the period of follow-up. The mean correction of vertebral body kyphotic angle was about 7   in both groups. Asymptomatic cement extravasation occurred in six of 49 of @entity0 , and three @entity0 developed additional @entity1 at untreated levels during the period of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Both unilateral and bilateral kyphoplasty markedly improve symptom-related clinical effects of multilevel @entity5 and result in significant vertebral height restoration and @entity4 correction that remains stable for at least 2 years after treatment.

title: Unilateral versus bilateral balloon kyphoplasty for multilevel XXXX : a prospective study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: For @entity0 erectile function is essential for quality of life. Besides urine incontinence postsurgical @entity1 ( @entity1 ) following radical prostatectomy (RPE) represents a significant and prevalent problem. One of the first approaches to this condition should be a consultation performed by professionals in a rehabilitation clinic.A total of 149 @entity0 post RPE participated in this prospective study. All @entity0 were questioned about their understanding of postoperative surgical @entity1 after RPE and if affected they were asked about their own psychological burden as well as their knowledge of possible therapy options. The qualities of presurgical @entity0 information as well as the modules of information pertaining to @entity1 during the rehabilitation were evaluated. Of the @entity0 , 53% expressed that they experienced a considerable burden due to postsurgical @entity1 during their follow-up rehabilitation (AR group) and 70% of the @entity0 during oncological rehabilitation treatment (rehab group). @entity0 who were sexually more active prior to surgery suffered more from postsurgical @entity1 than their less active counterparts. A negative correlation between psychological burden and age was found in the AR group, which however was levelled in the rehab group. Particularly in older @entity0 the burden of @entity1 increases with more time elapsing after the operation. The medical information on @entity1 therapy options provided during the inpatient rehabilitation was considered to be essential by 60% of the @entity0 in the AR group and 48% of the @entity0 in the rehab group.Therapeutic possibilities for postsurgical @entity1 following RPE cannot always be given to @entity0 in the preoperative phase or during their stay in the hospital. Since however a large majority of @entity0 suffer from @entity1 following RPE a specialized inpatient urological rehabilitation is suited for a comprehensive consultation.

title: [Counselling for XXXX during inpatient rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Here we analyze the essential process of X-chromosome dosage compensation (DC) to elucidate mechanisms that control the assembly, genome-wide binding, and function of gene regulatory complexes that act over large chromosomal territories. We demonstrate that a subunit of @entity0 MLL/COMPASS, a gene activation complex, acts within the DC complex ( @entity1 ), a condensin complex, to target the @entity1 to both X chromosomes of hermaphrodites for chromosome-wide reduction of gene expression. The @entity1 binds to two categories of sites on X: rex (recruitment element on X) sites that recruit the @entity1 in an autonomous, sequence-dependent manner, and dox (dependent on X) sites that reside primarily in promoters of expressed genes and bind the @entity1 robustly only when attached to X. We find that DC mutations that abolish rex site binding greatly reduce dox site binding but do not eliminate it. Instead, binding is diminished to the low level observed at autosomal sites in wild-type animals. Changes in @entity1 binding to these non-rex sites occur throughout development and correlate directly with transcriptional activity of adjacent genes. Moreover, autosomal @entity1 binding is enhanced by rex site binding in cis in X-autosome fusion chromosomes. Thus, dox and autosomal sites have similar binding potential but are distinguished by linkage to rex sites. We propose a model for @entity1 binding in which low-level @entity1 binding at dox sites is dictated by intrinsic properties correlated with high transcriptional activity. Sex-specific @entity1 recruitment to rex sites then enhances the magnitude of @entity1 binding to dox sites in cis, which lack high affinity for the @entity1 on their own. We also show that the @entity1 balances X-chromosome gene expression between sexes by controlling transcription.

title: An MLL/COMPASS subunit functions in the XXXX dosage compensation complex to target X chromosomes for transcriptional regulation of gene expression.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recent studies suggest an overall association between @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity6 , but it is unknown whether this association is similar across various subpopulations. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity0 , _ MEASUREMENTS: This study was a cross-sectional analysis of 2001 to 2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. @entity4 was defined as a urinary albumin-to- @entity5 ratio >= 30 mg/g or estimated GFR of 15 to 59 ml/min per 1.73 m(2). Adjusted odds ratios were calculated using multivariable logistic regression with U.S. population-based weighting. RESULTS: These analyses included 6199 dentate adult @entity0 (aged 21 to 75 years) with periodontal exams. The estimated prevalences of moderate/severe @entity6 and @entity4 were 5.3% and 10.6%, respectively. @entity6 was associated with >2-fold higher risk of @entity4 that was moderately attenuated after adjustment for age, gender, race/ethnicity, @entity3 use, @entity2 , @entity1 , educational attainment, poverty index ratio, and dental care use. There were no statistically significant interactions between @entity6 and race/ethnicity, educational attainment, or poverty status. Less-than-recommended dental care use was associated with @entity6 and @entity4 and was increasingly prevalent among nonwhites, lower educational attainment, and lower poverty status. CONCLUSIONS: The association between @entity6 and @entity4 is not significantly different among subgroups. However, because nonwhites, those with a lower educational level, and the poor less frequently report use of recommended dental care, the association between @entity6 and kidney function over time may become stronger among these groups and warrants further investigation.

title: Vulnerable populations and the association between periodontal and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 is one of the central agents in immunotherapy for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). It acts by binding to the @entity8 ( @entity8 ). We previously reported that increased @entity2 expression of @entity9 mRNA was associated with the metastatic potential and progression of @entity4 , as well as with a poor response of metastatic @entity4 to @entity7 therapy. This study investigated the influence of serum @entity9 in @entity4 @entity0 . METHODS: We measured serum @entity9 mRNA levels and quantified @entity8 mRNA expression in paired @entity2 and non- @entity2 tissues from the surgical specimens of 66 consecutive @entity4 @entity0 by the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We also measured phosphorylated @entity3 (Ser-473) and phosphorylated-S6 ribosomal protein (Ser-235/236) proteins levels in paired @entity2 and non- @entity2 tissues of @entity0 with metastatic @entity4 by Western blotting. RESULTS: The serum level of @entity9 mRNA was not associated with its @entity2 tissue level. Serum @entity9 mRNA was positively correlated with @entity2 size (P  <  0.05), but not with @entity2 grade, pT stage, @entity1 , microscopic vascular invasion, or serum @entity5 . Serum levels of @entity9 mRNA were significantly higher in @entity0 with a good response to @entity7    @entity6 than in those with a poor response (P  <  0.0001). Tumor tissue @entity9 mRNA levels and phosphorylated-S6 ribosomal protein (Ser-235/236) levels were associated with metastatic potential (P  <  0.001 and P  <  0.01, respectively), and @entity0 with a low @entity9 mRNA level and low phosphorylated @entity3 (Ser-473) protein level in the @entity2 showed a good response to @entity7    @entity6 ( @entity7    Sor: CR-PR) (P  <  0.01 and P  <  0.05, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that a higher serum @entity9 mRNA level was associated with longer overall survival of treated @entity0 (P  <  0.05), while a higher @entity2 tissue @entity9 mRNA level was related to shorter overall survival (P  <  0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that a high serum level of @entity9 mRNA may be a useful marker for predicting the response of metastatic @entity4 to @entity7    @entity6 therapy.

title: Serum interferon alpha receptor 2 mRNA may predict efficacy of interferon alpha with/without low-dose @entity6 for metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 is one of the central agents in immunotherapy for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). It acts by binding to the @entity8 ( @entity8 ). We previously reported that increased @entity2 expression of @entity9 mRNA was associated with the metastatic potential and progression of @entity4 , as well as with a poor response of metastatic @entity4 to @entity7 therapy. This study investigated the influence of serum @entity9 in @entity4 @entity0 . METHODS: We measured serum @entity9 mRNA levels and quantified @entity8 mRNA expression in paired @entity2 and non- @entity2 tissues from the surgical specimens of 66 consecutive @entity4 @entity0 by the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We also measured phosphorylated @entity3 (Ser-473) and phosphorylated-S6 ribosomal protein (Ser-235/236) proteins levels in paired @entity2 and non- @entity2 tissues of @entity0 with metastatic @entity4 by Western blotting. RESULTS: The serum level of @entity9 mRNA was not associated with its @entity2 tissue level. Serum @entity9 mRNA was positively correlated with @entity2 size (P  <  0.05), but not with @entity2 grade, pT stage, @entity1 , microscopic vascular invasion, or serum @entity5 . Serum levels of @entity9 mRNA were significantly higher in @entity0 with a good response to @entity7    @entity6 than in those with a poor response (P  <  0.0001). Tumor tissue @entity9 mRNA levels and phosphorylated-S6 ribosomal protein (Ser-235/236) levels were associated with metastatic potential (P  <  0.001 and P  <  0.01, respectively), and @entity0 with a low @entity9 mRNA level and low phosphorylated @entity3 (Ser-473) protein level in the @entity2 showed a good response to @entity7    @entity6 ( @entity7    Sor: CR-PR) (P  <  0.01 and P  <  0.05, respectively). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that a higher serum @entity9 mRNA level was associated with longer overall survival of treated @entity0 (P  <  0.05), while a higher @entity2 tissue @entity9 mRNA level was related to shorter overall survival (P  <  0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that a high serum level of @entity9 mRNA may be a useful marker for predicting the response of metastatic @entity4 to @entity7    @entity6 therapy.

title: Serum interferon alpha receptor 2 mRNA may predict efficacy of interferon alpha with/without low-dose XXXX for metastatic @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The current use of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in various @entity6 is reviewed. Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) involves infusion of bone marrow from a suitable donor into a properly conditioned recipient. Most BMT is allogeneic, in which the donor is genetically dissimilar but shares some common tissue antigens with the recipient. Almost all @entity0 undergoing allogeneic BMT must be "prepared" with high-dose @entity3 to prevent graft rejection. Most @entity0 with @entity8 also receive total body irradiation to eradicate malignant cells located in areas inaccessible to the systemic circulation. Bone marrow transplantation is the treatment of choice for severe @entity12 . In @entity13 , the best results are observed in young @entity0 undergoing BMT in first remission. In @entity5 , BMT is usually reserved for @entity0 in second or subsequent remission. Early results are promising in @entity0 with @entity9 who receive BMT before the accelerated phase or blast crisis of this disease. Allogeneic BMT offers an opportunity for cure in some @entity0 with relapses of @entity4 or those with certain subtypes of @entity10 . Other diseases for which BMT has been used include severe @entity14 disease, @entity16 , and @entity7 . Complications of BMT include graft failure or rejection, acute and @entity11 , and infectious complications; late complications, such as restrictive and @entity15 , @entity2 , sterility, and secondary @entity1 , may also occur. Bone marrow transplantation has become an important treatment for many @entity6 , but it will probably remain a treatment reserved for only a few highly specialized centers. If morbidity and mortality caused by transplant-related complications can be reduced, BMT may be offered to older @entity0 and those without HLA-identical sibling donors.

title: Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity2 @entity3 in the United States has proven costly to @entity2 producers as well as to government regulatory agencies. While in vivo responsiveness to mycobacterial antigens is the current standard for the diagnosis of @entity3 , in vitro assays are gaining acceptance, especially as ancillary or complementary tests. To evaluate in vitro indices of cellular sensitization, antigen-induced gamma interferon ( @entity7 ), @entity4 (NO), and @entity0 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity8 ) responses by blood mononuclear cells from @entity5 -infected @entity2 were quantified and compared. Using an aerosol model of @entity1 , two doses of each of two strains of @entity6 (95-1315 and HC-2045T) were used to induce a range of @entity7 , NO, and @entity8 responses. Infection-specific increases in NO, but not in @entity7 or @entity8 , were detected in nonstimulated cultures at 48 h, a finding that is indicative of nonspecific activation and spontaneous release of NO. The infective dose of @entity6 organisms also influenced responses. At 34 days postinfection, @entity7 , NO, and @entity8 responses in antigen-stimulated cells from @entity2 receiving 10(5) CFU of @entity6 organisms were greater than responses of cells from @entity2 infected with 10(3) CFU of @entity6 organisms. The NO response, but not the @entity7 and @entity8 responses, was influenced by infective strains of @entity6 . The @entity8 , NO, and @entity7 responses followed similar kinetics, with strong positive associations among the three readouts. Overall, these findings indicate that NO and @entity8 , like @entity7 , may prove useful as indices for the diagnosis of @entity2 @entity3 .

title: Diagnostic implications of antigen-induced gamma interferon, @entity4 , and @entity0 necrosis factor alpha production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from @entity5 -infected XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 @entity3 in the United States has proven costly to @entity2 producers as well as to government regulatory agencies. While in vivo responsiveness to mycobacterial antigens is the current standard for the diagnosis of @entity3 , in vitro assays are gaining acceptance, especially as ancillary or complementary tests. To evaluate in vitro indices of cellular sensitization, antigen-induced gamma interferon ( @entity7 ), @entity4 (NO), and @entity0 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity8 ) responses by blood mononuclear cells from @entity5 -infected @entity2 were quantified and compared. Using an aerosol model of @entity1 , two doses of each of two strains of @entity6 (95-1315 and HC-2045T) were used to induce a range of @entity7 , NO, and @entity8 responses. Infection-specific increases in NO, but not in @entity7 or @entity8 , were detected in nonstimulated cultures at 48 h, a finding that is indicative of nonspecific activation and spontaneous release of NO. The infective dose of @entity6 organisms also influenced responses. At 34 days postinfection, @entity7 , NO, and @entity8 responses in antigen-stimulated cells from @entity2 receiving 10(5) CFU of @entity6 organisms were greater than responses of cells from @entity2 infected with 10(3) CFU of @entity6 organisms. The NO response, but not the @entity7 and @entity8 responses, was influenced by infective strains of @entity6 . The @entity8 , NO, and @entity7 responses followed similar kinetics, with strong positive associations among the three readouts. Overall, these findings indicate that NO and @entity8 , like @entity7 , may prove useful as indices for the diagnosis of @entity2 @entity3 .

title: Diagnostic implications of antigen-induced gamma interferon, @entity4 , and @entity0 necrosis factor alpha production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from XXXX -infected @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 @entity3 in the United States has proven costly to @entity2 producers as well as to government regulatory agencies. While in vivo responsiveness to mycobacterial antigens is the current standard for the diagnosis of @entity3 , in vitro assays are gaining acceptance, especially as ancillary or complementary tests. To evaluate in vitro indices of cellular sensitization, antigen-induced gamma interferon ( @entity7 ), @entity4 (NO), and @entity0 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity8 ) responses by blood mononuclear cells from @entity5 -infected @entity2 were quantified and compared. Using an aerosol model of @entity1 , two doses of each of two strains of @entity6 (95-1315 and HC-2045T) were used to induce a range of @entity7 , NO, and @entity8 responses. Infection-specific increases in NO, but not in @entity7 or @entity8 , were detected in nonstimulated cultures at 48 h, a finding that is indicative of nonspecific activation and spontaneous release of NO. The infective dose of @entity6 organisms also influenced responses. At 34 days postinfection, @entity7 , NO, and @entity8 responses in antigen-stimulated cells from @entity2 receiving 10(5) CFU of @entity6 organisms were greater than responses of cells from @entity2 infected with 10(3) CFU of @entity6 organisms. The NO response, but not the @entity7 and @entity8 responses, was influenced by infective strains of @entity6 . The @entity8 , NO, and @entity7 responses followed similar kinetics, with strong positive associations among the three readouts. Overall, these findings indicate that NO and @entity8 , like @entity7 , may prove useful as indices for the diagnosis of @entity2 @entity3 .

title: Diagnostic implications of antigen-induced gamma interferon, @entity4 , and XXXX necrosis factor alpha production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from @entity5 -infected @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 @entity3 in the United States has proven costly to @entity2 producers as well as to government regulatory agencies. While in vivo responsiveness to mycobacterial antigens is the current standard for the diagnosis of @entity3 , in vitro assays are gaining acceptance, especially as ancillary or complementary tests. To evaluate in vitro indices of cellular sensitization, antigen-induced gamma interferon ( @entity7 ), @entity4 (NO), and @entity0 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity8 ) responses by blood mononuclear cells from @entity5 -infected @entity2 were quantified and compared. Using an aerosol model of @entity1 , two doses of each of two strains of @entity6 (95-1315 and HC-2045T) were used to induce a range of @entity7 , NO, and @entity8 responses. Infection-specific increases in NO, but not in @entity7 or @entity8 , were detected in nonstimulated cultures at 48 h, a finding that is indicative of nonspecific activation and spontaneous release of NO. The infective dose of @entity6 organisms also influenced responses. At 34 days postinfection, @entity7 , NO, and @entity8 responses in antigen-stimulated cells from @entity2 receiving 10(5) CFU of @entity6 organisms were greater than responses of cells from @entity2 infected with 10(3) CFU of @entity6 organisms. The NO response, but not the @entity7 and @entity8 responses, was influenced by infective strains of @entity6 . The @entity8 , NO, and @entity7 responses followed similar kinetics, with strong positive associations among the three readouts. Overall, these findings indicate that NO and @entity8 , like @entity7 , may prove useful as indices for the diagnosis of @entity2 @entity3 .

title: Diagnostic implications of antigen-induced gamma interferon, XXXX , and @entity0 necrosis factor alpha production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells from @entity5 -infected @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of a revised Italian motorcycle-moped-scooter helmet law on crash @entity4 . DESIGN: A pre-post law evaluation of helmet use and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) occurrence from 1999 to 2001. SETTING: Romagna region, northeastern Italy, with a 2000 resident population of 983 534 @entity0 . @entity0 : Motorcycle-moped rider survey for helmet use compliance and all residents in the region admitted to the Division of Neurosurgery of the Maurizio Bufalini Hospital in Cesena, Italy for @entity2 . OUTCOME MEASURES: Helmet use compliance and change in @entity2 admissions and type(s) of @entity1 . RESULTS: Helmet use increased from an average of less than 20% to over 96%. A comparison of @entity2 incidence in the Romagna region shows that there was no significant variation before and after introduction of the revised helmet law, except for @entity2 admissions for motorcycle-moped crashes where a 66% decrease was observed. In the same area @entity2 admissions by age group showed that motorcycle mopeds riders aged 14-60 years sustained significantly fewer TBIs. The rate of @entity2 admissions to neurosurgery decreased by over 31% and epidural @entity3 almost @entity5 in crash injured moped riders. CONCLUSIONS: The revised Italian mandatory helmet law, with police enforcement, is an effective measure for @entity2 prevention at all ages.

title: Effect of Italy's motorcycle helmet law on traumatic XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The white-edge whip tail ray Himantura signifer inhabits a freshwater environment but has retained the capability to synthesize @entity1 de novo through the @entity0 - @entity5 - @entity1 cycle (OUC). The present study aimed to elucidate whether the capacity of @entity1 synthesis in H. signifer could be upregulated in response to environmental @entity3 exposure. When H. signifer was exposed to environmental @entity3 , fairly high concentrations of @entity3 were accumulated in the plasma and other tissues. This would subsequently reduce the net influx of exogenous @entity3 by reducing the @entity4 partial pressure gradient across the branchial and body surfaces. There was also an increase in the OUC capacity in the liver. Since the @entity3 produced endogenously could not be excreted effectively in the presence of environmental @entity3 , it was detoxified into @entity1 through the OUC. In comparison, the South American freshwater stingray Potamotrygon motoro, which has lost the capability to synthesize @entity1 de novo, was unable to detoxify @entity3 to @entity1 during @entity3 loading. No increase in @entity2 was observed in the various tissues of H. signifer exposed to environmental @entity3 despite a significant increase in the hepatic @entity2 synthetase activity. These results indicate that the excess @entity2 formed was channelled completely into @entity1 formation through @entity6 synthetase III. It has been reported elsewhere that both @entity1 synthesis and @entity1 retention were upregulated in H. signifer exposed to 20 per thousand water for osmoregulatory purposes. By contrast, for H. signifer exposed to environmental @entity3 in freshwater, the excess @entity1 formed was excreted to the external medium instead. This suggests that the effectiveness of @entity1 synthesis de novo as a strategy to detoxify @entity3 is determined not simply by an increase in the capacity of @entity1 synthesis but, more importantly, by the ability of the animal to control the direction (i.e. absorption or excretion) and rate of @entity1 transport. Our results suggest that such a strategy began to develop in those elasmobranchs, e.g. H. signifer, that migrate into a freshwater environment from the sea but not in those permanently adapted to a freshwater environment.

title: A comparison of the effects of environmental XXXX exposure on the Asian freshwater stingray Himantura signifer and the Amazonian freshwater stingray Potamotrygon motoro.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic @entity2 is a disease of unknown etiology. Its incidence is on the rise in various developing countries as has been reported in studies from South-East Asia and the Middle East. There seems to be significant differences in the pattern and the clinical course of this disease in our @entity0 population. The aim of our study is to assess the incidence and the clinical course of the disease in Kuwait. METHODS: This is a retrospective study of cases identified over a period of 14 years (1985-1999). Three hundred forty-six @entity0 were identified to have chronic @entity2 . Ninety @entity0 were interviewed for this study. RESULTS: Chronic @entity2 is being identified with increasing frequency. Our local incidence was 2.8 per 100,000 @entity0 per year. The disease was seen in both sexes with equal frequency. It peaks at the third decade of life, with no second peak observed in the sixth decade. The disease was of mild to moderate severity in 93% of the cases. The distribution of the disease in the colon showed pancolitis in 45%, left-sided @entity5 in 14%, @entity8 in 21% and @entity6 in 20%. @entity3 and @entity7 were the most frequent extraintestinal manifestation seen in 31%. Perianal disease, although rare in @entity2 , was seen in 8%. Of interest is the fact that over 14 years of follow-up, none of our @entity0 developed high-grade @entity4 or @entity1 . Four @entity0 required total colectomy mainly due to failure of medical therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic @entity2 is occurring with increasing frequency similar to that seen in Western countries. The disease observed in our @entity0 population was of mild to moderate severity, with fewer complications than reported in Western countries. It peaks in the third decade with no second peak. None of our @entity0 developed high-grade @entity4 or @entity1 .

title: XXXX in Kuwait: a review of 90 cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The results of revision of well-fixed Porous Coated Anatomic cementless acetabular components for @entity4 failure or periacetabular @entity5 in 18 @entity1 (14 @entity0 ) are reported. Revisions were done with larger diameter cementless acetabular components replacing one-piece Porous Coated Anatomic devices for which no replacement liner was available. The objective was to determine the increase in size of the revision acetabular component and to assess clinical and radiographic outcomes. The Porous Coated Anatomic components were in place for an average of 7.8 years. At an average followup of 68 months, all revision components remain in place. Preoperatively, 12 @entity1 in 10 @entity0 had @entity3 in 17 @entity0 were grafted at revision. All grafted lesions showed partial or complete evidence of bone graft consolidation. The average revision component size increased 8.5 mm in diameter (range, 3-14 mm) compared with the primary component size. This corresponded to an average 6.5-mm increase in the acetabular cavitary diameter. When locking mechanism failure in a well-fixed cementless acetabular component prevents @entity4 liner replacement, acetabular component revision can provide good clinical and radiographic results with acceptable @entity2 and improved access to osteolytic areas for debridement and grafting.

title: Revision of well-fixed cementless acetabular components for XXXX failure.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Radiotherapy for @entity2 is conventionally given over a 6-7-week period. However, in a number of UK centres early lesions are treated over 3 weeks. We review recent results of this policy and discuss the reasons why short treatment times may be advantageous. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred @entity0 (100 from each centre) with T1 glottic invasive @entity3 treated with definitive radiotherapy between 1989 and 1997 were analysed. The median age was 68 years. All @entity0 received once daily fractionation, 5 days a week to a total @entity1 dose of 50.0-52.5 Gy in 16 fractions over 21 days; the fraction size ranged from 3.12 to 3.28 Gy. The median follow-up period was 5 years and 10 months. RESULTS: The 5-year local control rates with radiotherapy for the whole group was 93%; there were 14 recurrences of which seven were salvaged by laryngectomy giving an ultimate local control of 96%. The 5-year overall survival was 80% and cause specific survival at 5 years was 97%. Univariate analysis revealed that T1 substaging (P=0.82) and anterior commissure involvement (P=0.47) did not significantly influence local control. A severe late radiation complication was seen in only one @entity0 who continued to smoke heavily after treatment. There were no severe acute complications. CONCLUSIONS: Once daily radiotherapy over 3 weeks gives excellent local control in @entity0 with T1 @entity3 and has a low rate of severe complications. The short overall treatment time and large fraction size may be advantageous in radiotherapy of these well-differentiated @entity1 .

title: Three weeks radiotherapy for T1 XXXX : the Christie and Royal Marsden Hospital Experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity2 of novel chemotherapy combinations including @entity4 with @entity1 (GC) or @entity5 (IC) for @entity0 with @entity3 of an unknown primary site. @entity0 AND METHODS: Eighty @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive GC or IC. In the GC arm, chemotherapy consisted of cycles combining @entity1 1,250 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on days 1 and 8, and @entity4 100 mg/m2 IV on day 1 at 3-week intervals. @entity0 in the IC arm originally received 3-week cycles of @entity5 200 mg/m2 IV on day 1 and @entity4 80 mg/m2 IV on day 1. After the inclusion of 15 @entity0 in that arm, the @entity2 profile required the @entity5 doses to be reduced to 150 mg/m2 per cycle. Independent histologic and radiologic reviews were done. RESULTS: A total of 78 @entity0 were assessable for efficacy and @entity2 . The median number of cycles was four in each arm. Objective responses were observed in 21 @entity0 (55%) in the GC arm (95% CI, 34% to 66%) and in 15 @entity0 (38%) in the IC arm (95% CI, 23% to 54%). Treatment had to be stopped because of @entity2 in seven @entity0 in the GC arm and in eight @entity0 in the IC arm. With a median follow-up of 22 months, the median survivals were 8 and 6 months in the GC and IC arms, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the activity of both the GC and IC regimens. There was @entity2 associated with both regimens. Additional studies of combination chemotherapy regimens are required.

title: XXXX in combination with either @entity1 or @entity5 in @entity3 of unknown primary site: results of a randomized phase II study--trial for the French Study Group on @entity3 of Unknown Primary (GEFCAPI 01).

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity2 of novel chemotherapy combinations including @entity4 with @entity1 (GC) or @entity5 (IC) for @entity0 with @entity3 of an unknown primary site. @entity0 AND METHODS: Eighty @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive GC or IC. In the GC arm, chemotherapy consisted of cycles combining @entity1 1,250 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on days 1 and 8, and @entity4 100 mg/m2 IV on day 1 at 3-week intervals. @entity0 in the IC arm originally received 3-week cycles of @entity5 200 mg/m2 IV on day 1 and @entity4 80 mg/m2 IV on day 1. After the inclusion of 15 @entity0 in that arm, the @entity2 profile required the @entity5 doses to be reduced to 150 mg/m2 per cycle. Independent histologic and radiologic reviews were done. RESULTS: A total of 78 @entity0 were assessable for efficacy and @entity2 . The median number of cycles was four in each arm. Objective responses were observed in 21 @entity0 (55%) in the GC arm (95% CI, 34% to 66%) and in 15 @entity0 (38%) in the IC arm (95% CI, 23% to 54%). Treatment had to be stopped because of @entity2 in seven @entity0 in the GC arm and in eight @entity0 in the IC arm. With a median follow-up of 22 months, the median survivals were 8 and 6 months in the GC and IC arms, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the activity of both the GC and IC regimens. There was @entity2 associated with both regimens. Additional studies of combination chemotherapy regimens are required.

title: @entity4 in combination with either @entity1 or @entity5 in XXXX of unknown primary site: results of a randomized phase II study--trial for the French Study Group on @entity3 of Unknown Primary (GEFCAPI 01).

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity2 of novel chemotherapy combinations including @entity4 with @entity1 (GC) or @entity5 (IC) for @entity0 with @entity3 of an unknown primary site. @entity0 AND METHODS: Eighty @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive GC or IC. In the GC arm, chemotherapy consisted of cycles combining @entity1 1,250 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on days 1 and 8, and @entity4 100 mg/m2 IV on day 1 at 3-week intervals. @entity0 in the IC arm originally received 3-week cycles of @entity5 200 mg/m2 IV on day 1 and @entity4 80 mg/m2 IV on day 1. After the inclusion of 15 @entity0 in that arm, the @entity2 profile required the @entity5 doses to be reduced to 150 mg/m2 per cycle. Independent histologic and radiologic reviews were done. RESULTS: A total of 78 @entity0 were assessable for efficacy and @entity2 . The median number of cycles was four in each arm. Objective responses were observed in 21 @entity0 (55%) in the GC arm (95% CI, 34% to 66%) and in 15 @entity0 (38%) in the IC arm (95% CI, 23% to 54%). Treatment had to be stopped because of @entity2 in seven @entity0 in the GC arm and in eight @entity0 in the IC arm. With a median follow-up of 22 months, the median survivals were 8 and 6 months in the GC and IC arms, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the activity of both the GC and IC regimens. There was @entity2 associated with both regimens. Additional studies of combination chemotherapy regimens are required.

title: @entity4 in combination with either @entity1 or @entity5 in @entity3 of unknown primary site: results of a randomized phase II study--trial for the French Study Group on XXXX of Unknown Primary (GEFCAPI 01).

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity2 of novel chemotherapy combinations including @entity4 with @entity1 (GC) or @entity5 (IC) for @entity0 with @entity3 of an unknown primary site. @entity0 AND METHODS: Eighty @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive GC or IC. In the GC arm, chemotherapy consisted of cycles combining @entity1 1,250 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on days 1 and 8, and @entity4 100 mg/m2 IV on day 1 at 3-week intervals. @entity0 in the IC arm originally received 3-week cycles of @entity5 200 mg/m2 IV on day 1 and @entity4 80 mg/m2 IV on day 1. After the inclusion of 15 @entity0 in that arm, the @entity2 profile required the @entity5 doses to be reduced to 150 mg/m2 per cycle. Independent histologic and radiologic reviews were done. RESULTS: A total of 78 @entity0 were assessable for efficacy and @entity2 . The median number of cycles was four in each arm. Objective responses were observed in 21 @entity0 (55%) in the GC arm (95% CI, 34% to 66%) and in 15 @entity0 (38%) in the IC arm (95% CI, 23% to 54%). Treatment had to be stopped because of @entity2 in seven @entity0 in the GC arm and in eight @entity0 in the IC arm. With a median follow-up of 22 months, the median survivals were 8 and 6 months in the GC and IC arms, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the activity of both the GC and IC regimens. There was @entity2 associated with both regimens. Additional studies of combination chemotherapy regimens are required.

title: @entity4 in combination with either XXXX or @entity5 in @entity3 of unknown primary site: results of a randomized phase II study--trial for the French Study Group on @entity3 of Unknown Primary (GEFCAPI 01).

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity2 of novel chemotherapy combinations including @entity4 with @entity1 (GC) or @entity5 (IC) for @entity0 with @entity3 of an unknown primary site. @entity0 AND METHODS: Eighty @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive GC or IC. In the GC arm, chemotherapy consisted of cycles combining @entity1 1,250 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on days 1 and 8, and @entity4 100 mg/m2 IV on day 1 at 3-week intervals. @entity0 in the IC arm originally received 3-week cycles of @entity5 200 mg/m2 IV on day 1 and @entity4 80 mg/m2 IV on day 1. After the inclusion of 15 @entity0 in that arm, the @entity2 profile required the @entity5 doses to be reduced to 150 mg/m2 per cycle. Independent histologic and radiologic reviews were done. RESULTS: A total of 78 @entity0 were assessable for efficacy and @entity2 . The median number of cycles was four in each arm. Objective responses were observed in 21 @entity0 (55%) in the GC arm (95% CI, 34% to 66%) and in 15 @entity0 (38%) in the IC arm (95% CI, 23% to 54%). Treatment had to be stopped because of @entity2 in seven @entity0 in the GC arm and in eight @entity0 in the IC arm. With a median follow-up of 22 months, the median survivals were 8 and 6 months in the GC and IC arms, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the activity of both the GC and IC regimens. There was @entity2 associated with both regimens. Additional studies of combination chemotherapy regimens are required.

title: @entity4 in combination with either @entity1 or XXXX in @entity3 of unknown primary site: results of a randomized phase II study--trial for the French Study Group on @entity3 of Unknown Primary (GEFCAPI 01).

answer: @entity5


abstract: Guidelines recommend coronary angiography in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) within 24 to 72 hours, a requirement that cannot always be met. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of contrast echocardiography in prioritizing these @entity0 by identifying those with @entity3 and angiographically severe @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Echocardiography was performed before coronary angiography in 110 @entity0 with @entity3 (67    12 years old, 31% @entity0 ). Segmental myocardial perfusion and wall motion was scored using a 17-segment left ventricular model. @entity2 was assessed by quantitative coronary angiography. In the total study population, median troponin T level was 0.27  g/L (0.13 to 0.86) and Thrombolysis In @entity3 risk score 3.1    1.5. By quantitative coronary angiography 15% had normal coronary angiographic findings, whereas 1-, 2-, and @entity1 were present in 35%, 27%, and 23%, respectively. Severe @entity2 (left main stem @entity4 , @entity1 , or multivessel disease including proximal @entity4 in left anterior descending artery) was found in 42%. Number of segments with hypoperfusion increased with @entity2 severity from 4.1    2.0 in @entity0 with normal coronary arteries to 5.9    2.4, 7.8    3.5, and 10.4    2.8 in @entity0 with 1-, 2-, and @entity1 , respectively (p<0.01). In multiple logistic regression analysis risk of severe @entity2 increased by 39% for every additional hypoperfused segment by echocardiography independent of wall motion abnormalities and Thrombolysis In @entity3 risk score. In conclusion, contrast echocardiography may be used for prediction of angiographic @entity2 severity in @entity0 with @entity3 awaiting coronary angiography.

title: Usefulness of contrast echocardiography for predicting the severity of angiographic coronary disease in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity5 polymorphism is located in the promoter region of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) gene was found to be associated with @entity1 susceptibility; however, this association in Chinese population remained unclear. The aim of this study was designed to explore this association in Chinese population. METHODS: @entity3 genotypes in 98 cases of primary @entity1 and 112 @entity0 of healthy control were detected using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay(PCR-RFLP) in a case-control molecular epidemiology study. The association between this gene polymorphism and the risk of @entity1 in Chinese population was examined through comparing odds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence interval(CI) between two groups. RESULTS: In healthy control group, the frequencies of @entity0 carrying G/G, @entity4 , and A/A genotypes were 47.3%, 42.9%, and 9.8%, respectively. In @entity2 group, the frequencies of the @entity0 carrying above three genotypes were 63.3%, 33.7%, and 3.0%, respectively. There was no significant difference of the frequencies of heterozygote @entity4 between two groups (P >0.05). However, The A/A genotype was found significantly higher in @entity2 group than that in healthy control group(P< 0.025). The risk of @entity1 for @entity0 carrying at least one A allele was only 52% of the @entity0 carrying G/G genotype (95% CI 0.29-0.93). In smoking population, allele A showed to be a significant protective factor (OR=0.41,P< 0.025), while such protective role was not observed in non-smoking group(P >0.25). CONCLUSION: @entity3 gene polymorphism was associated with susceptibility of @entity1 in Chinese population. The risk of @entity1 was decreased in the @entity0 carrying allele A.

title: [Gene polymorphism of @entity3 and genetic susceptibility to XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: @entity5 polymorphism is located in the promoter region of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) gene was found to be associated with @entity1 susceptibility; however, this association in Chinese population remained unclear. The aim of this study was designed to explore this association in Chinese population. METHODS: @entity3 genotypes in 98 cases of primary @entity1 and 112 @entity0 of healthy control were detected using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay(PCR-RFLP) in a case-control molecular epidemiology study. The association between this gene polymorphism and the risk of @entity1 in Chinese population was examined through comparing odds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence interval(CI) between two groups. RESULTS: In healthy control group, the frequencies of @entity0 carrying G/G, @entity4 , and A/A genotypes were 47.3%, 42.9%, and 9.8%, respectively. In @entity2 group, the frequencies of the @entity0 carrying above three genotypes were 63.3%, 33.7%, and 3.0%, respectively. There was no significant difference of the frequencies of heterozygote @entity4 between two groups (P >0.05). However, The A/A genotype was found significantly higher in @entity2 group than that in healthy control group(P< 0.025). The risk of @entity1 for @entity0 carrying at least one A allele was only 52% of the @entity0 carrying G/G genotype (95% CI 0.29-0.93). In smoking population, allele A showed to be a significant protective factor (OR=0.41,P< 0.025), while such protective role was not observed in non-smoking group(P >0.25). CONCLUSION: @entity3 gene polymorphism was associated with susceptibility of @entity1 in Chinese population. The risk of @entity1 was decreased in the @entity0 carrying allele A.

title: [Gene polymorphism of XXXX and genetic susceptibility to @entity1 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: At present, the range of lymph node dissection in treatment of thoracic @entity4 is still controversial. This study was designed to explore the status of lymph node metastases of @entity4 and its influence on the prognosis and to seek reasonable dissecting range of lymph nodes. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed on the clinical data of 217 @entity0 who had underwent radical operation through three-field lymphadenectomy. Nine distinguishing clinicopathological factors possibly influencing survival rate were chosen. A multivariate analysis of these factors was performed by the computerized Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates of all @entity0 were 82.6%, 59.8%, and 48.8%, respectively. The lymph node @entity1 rate was 62.6% and the leaping @entity1 rate of lymph nodes was 5.5%. In 3989 lymph nodes dissected, metastases were detected in 454 (11.38%). The lymph node @entity1 rates present in neck, thoracic mediastinum, and abdominal cavity were 31.7%, 21.2%, and 12.1% in @entity4 , 21.9%, 30.5%, and 15.6% in @entity3 , 9.75%, 12.7%, and 34.5% in @entity3 , respectively. Degree of @entity2 differentiation, depth of @entity2 invasion, and lymphatic vessels invasion were the factors influencing lymph nodes metastases, but the length of @entity2 was not. According to multivariate analysis, depth of @entity2 invasion, @entity2 differentiation, the number of lymph nodes metastatic field, and @entity2 location were of prognostic significance. With the increasing of the number of lymph nodes metastatic field, the survival rate of the @entity0 dropped gradually(P = 0.0284). CONCLUSION: Lymph node @entity1 especially the number of lymph node metastatic field is one of key factors affecting the prognosis of @entity0 . Because of the upward, downward, and leaping spreading of @entity4 cells to the lymph nodes, the @entity0 with @entity4 should be given radical operation through three-field lymphadenectomy to promote the 5-years survival rate.

title: [Analysis of lymph node metastases of 217 cases of XXXX and its impact on prognosis].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To provide a systematic review of the clinical effectiveness of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for the removal of @entity1 . DATA SOURCES: Searches of electronic databases, websites and reference lists were made to identify relevant studies. REVIEW METHODS: An extensive search was performed to identify all articles where FESS is used for the excision of @entity1 . Two reviewers independently screened articles for inclusion according to predefined criteria. Comparative studies were included if they were primary research, focused on FESS for the removal of @entity1 , reported @entity0 relevant outcomes and were published in English. In addition, case series studies were included if they met the above criteria and enrolled more than 50 @entity0 with @entity2 . Data were then extracted by one reviewer and checked by a second. A structured form was used to assess the internal and external validity of included studies. Comparative data were reported where available. Excluded case series and case reports were grouped and described. A group of nine ear, nose and throat (ENT) experts were selected, then using the literature and their own experience, they generated a list of priority research questions. Existing economic evaluations were sought and described. RESULTS: Of the 33 studies included, the randomised controlled trials and controlled trials reported overall symptomatic improvement that ranged from 78 to 88% for FESS compared with 43 to 84% for similar techniques (including polypectomy, Caldwell-Luc and intranasal ethmoidectomy). Disease recurrence was 8% for FESS compared with 14% for Caldwell-Luc and polyp recurrence was 28% for endoscopic ethmoidectomy compared with 35% for polypectomy. Revision surgery was reported in one study only and was the same for FESS and Caldwell-Luc procedures. Percentage of overall complications was reported in only one comparative study and was 1.4% for FESS compared with 0.8% for conventional procedures. The case series studies reported overall symptomatic improvement for @entity0 with @entity1 ranging from 37 to 99% (median 89%). For the mixed @entity0 groups (with and without polypoid disease) overall symptomatic improvement ranged from 40 to 98% (median 88%). Total complications in the case series studies ranged from 22.4 to 0.3% (median 6%). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of studies report that symptoms improve following FESS with relatively few complications; however, only a small proportion of evidence is comparative. Results from non-comparative studies do not inform the choices that need to be made by ENT surgeons and commissioners. Health economics data are also lacking and therefore cannot inform these decisions. FESS may offer some advantages in effectiveness over comparative techniques, but there is enormous variation in the range of results reported and there are severe methodological limitations. There is a clear need for quality-controlled trials in order to answer questions regarding the effectiveness of FESS. A number of priority research questions from a selection of ENT surgeons within the UK are identified and presented.

title: Systematic review of endoscopic sinus surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review our experience with vaginal sacrospinous colpopexy combined with perineorraphy performed for @entity0 with @entity3 who concomitantly suffered from @entity2 ( @entity2 ). SETTING: Gynaecology Department, Benenden Hospital, Benenden, Kent, UK. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between January 1997 and December 2001, 16 @entity0 presented with symptoms of @entity3 and @entity2 . Eleven out of the 16 @entity0 (69%) had anorectal physiological tests and endoanal ultrasound performed before surgery. All @entity0 had sacrospinous colpopexy and perineorraphy. Simultaneous vaginal hysterectomy was performed in two @entity0 and anterior colporrhaphy in six @entity0 . RESULTS: The mean age was 60 years and median parity was 2. The mean operative time was 62 min (range 35-100) and the mean @entity1 was 60 ml (range 30-160). The mean follow-up period was 37 months (6-65). Thirteen @entity0 (81%) reported no @entity2 after surgery, and two @entity0 (12.5%) reported improvement. One @entity0 (6.5%) had no improvement in her symptom of @entity2 after surgery. None of the @entity0 had recurrence of @entity3 during follow up. CONCLUSION: Sacrospinous colpopexy combined with perineorraphy can help to cure symptoms of @entity2 associated with @entity3 . The possible mechanisms for such a favourable result are discussed.

title: Vaginal sacrospinous colpopexy and perineorrhaphy for XXXX : preliminary report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the logistics, safety, and efficacy of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in reducing adhesions in @entity0 . DESIGN: Multicenter, prospective, randomized, reviewer-blinded clinical trial. SETTING: Gynecologic practices. @entity0 (S): Thirty-four @entity0 were enrolled; 17 in each group were available for the safety analysis and 16 for the efficacy analysis. INTERVENTION(S): Adhesion reduction by administration of NOCC vs. Ringer's lactate at the conclusion of the initial surgical procedure, as assessed at second-look laparoscopy. The NOCC was applied as 200 mL of a 1% NOCC gel that was tamped in place, followed by 100 mL of 2% NOCC solution. Efficacy was assessed by covariate analysis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Safety and @entity1 formation. RESULT(S): Groups did not differ in age, ethnicity distribution, height, weight, or body mass index. No @entity2 or serious adverse events were attributable to NOCC, and no adverse events were definitively or probably related to NOCC administration. Adhesions recurred at 61% of sites in controls and 38% of sites in NOCC recipients. De novo grade 1a and 1b adhesions tended to occur more commonly in controls than NOCC recipients. Adhesion extent and severity at second look were also less in NOCC recipients. CONCLUSION(S): Intraperitoneal use of NOCC gel and solution appears to be safe. Despite the small sample, strong trends were identified for reduction of occurrence, extent, and severity of adhesion recurrence and de novo adhesion formation.

title: Reduction of postoperative adhesions by XXXX : a pilot study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7 is a potent immunosuppressive agent with a different mechanism of action and different adverse effects from those of calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs). OBJECTIVE: To analyze our experience with @entity7 in @entity0 undergoing lung transplantation and heart-lung transplantation in our center. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 were treated with @entity7 when showing chronic rejection and/or @entity2 associated with the CNI after lung transplantation or heartlung transplantation. @entity0 with chronic rejection were administered @entity7 in combination with CNIs, whereas the CNIs were eliminated in @entity0 with @entity2 . RESULTS: Since October 2001, 7 @entity0 (4 @entity0 ), of mean age 45+/-15 years, received treatment with @entity7 (heart-lung transplantation, 2 cases; lung transplantation, 5 cases). The indications were chronic rejection in 4 @entity0 and CMIs @entity2 in 3 @entity0 ( @entity3 in 2 cases and @entity5 in 1 case). Pulmonary function stabilization was observed in 3 of 4 @entity0 receiving @entity7 for chronic rejection. In the 3 @entity0 with CNIs @entity2 elimination of these drugs did not result in pulmonary functional deterioration. @entity0 with @entity3 showed an improvement in @entity4 levels; visual acuity improved in the @entity0 with @entity5 . We observed 2 infectious complications ( @entity6 and @entity1 ), which resolved with treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity7 is an alternative for lung-transplant recipients who develop chronic rejection and/or CNIs @entity2 .

title: XXXX in lung transplantation: preliminary results.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Nutritional factors play an important role in the prevention and promotion of @entity1 . @entity2 is a generic term that describes a group of lipid-soluble chain-breaking antioxidants that includes @entity7 and @entity3 . @entity2 occurs in nature as eight structurally related forms that include four @entity7 and four @entity3 . @entity2 is a potent membrane-soluble antioxidant. Antioxidants like @entity2 ( @entity7 ) may prevent @entity4 through several different cellular and molecular mechanisms. @entity2 in the American diet is primarily available in plant-oil rich foods such as vegetable oils, seeds and nuts and these foods vary widely in their content of @entity5 and @entity6 . @entity2 may help prevent @entity4 by decreasing the formation of mutagens arising from the oxidation of fecal lipids, by decreasing oxidative stress in the epithelial cells of the colon and by molecular mechanisms that influence cell death, cell cycle and transcriptional events. Most epidemiological, experimental and clinical studies have evaluated the alpha-isoform and not the gamma-isoform of @entity2 . Recent epidemiological, experimental and mechanistic evidence suggests that @entity6 may be a more potent @entity0 chemopreventive agent than @entity5 . The differences in chemical reactivity, metabolism and biological activity may contribute to these differences in the effects of @entity6 when compared with @entity5 . The rationale supporting the development of @entity6 as a @entity1 preventive agent is reviewed here.

title: Development of gamma (gamma)- @entity7 as a XXXX chemopreventive agent.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Nutritional factors play an important role in the prevention and promotion of @entity1 . @entity2 is a generic term that describes a group of lipid-soluble chain-breaking antioxidants that includes @entity7 and @entity3 . @entity2 occurs in nature as eight structurally related forms that include four @entity7 and four @entity3 . @entity2 is a potent membrane-soluble antioxidant. Antioxidants like @entity2 ( @entity7 ) may prevent @entity4 through several different cellular and molecular mechanisms. @entity2 in the American diet is primarily available in plant-oil rich foods such as vegetable oils, seeds and nuts and these foods vary widely in their content of @entity5 and @entity6 . @entity2 may help prevent @entity4 by decreasing the formation of mutagens arising from the oxidation of fecal lipids, by decreasing oxidative stress in the epithelial cells of the colon and by molecular mechanisms that influence cell death, cell cycle and transcriptional events. Most epidemiological, experimental and clinical studies have evaluated the alpha-isoform and not the gamma-isoform of @entity2 . Recent epidemiological, experimental and mechanistic evidence suggests that @entity6 may be a more potent @entity0 chemopreventive agent than @entity5 . The differences in chemical reactivity, metabolism and biological activity may contribute to these differences in the effects of @entity6 when compared with @entity5 . The rationale supporting the development of @entity6 as a @entity1 preventive agent is reviewed here.

title: Development of gamma (gamma)- XXXX as a @entity1 chemopreventive agent.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of and to identify factors associated with prolonged emergency department length-of-stay ( @entity1 -LOS) for admitted @entity0 . METHODS: Data were from the 2001-2006 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. The primary outcome was prolonged @entity1 -LOS (defined as total @entity1 time >8 hours) among admitted @entity0 . Predictor variables included @entity0 -level (eg, demographics including race/ethnicity, triage score, diagnosis, and admission to inpatient bed vs intensive care unit), physician-level (intern/resident vs attending physician), and system-level (eg, region, metropolitan area, @entity1 and hospital type, time and season, and diagnostic and therapeutic procedures) factors. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of prolonged @entity1 -LOS. RESULTS: Median @entity1 -LOS for admitted @entity0 was 3.7 hours. Thirteen percent of pediatric @entity0 admitted from the @entity1 experienced prolonged @entity1 -LOS. Factors associated with prolonged @entity1 -LOS for admitted @entity0 were Hispanic ethnicity (odds ratio [OR], 1.76; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.10-2.81), @entity1 arrival between midnight and 8 a.m. (OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.87-4.20), winter season (January-March: OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.20-2.74), computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.05-2.58), and intravenous fluids or medications (OR, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.10-2.97). @entity0 requiring ICU admissions (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.11-0.77) or receiving pulse oximetry in the @entity1 (OR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.34-0.81) had a lower risk of experiencing prolonged @entity1 -LOS. CONCLUSIONS: We found that prolonged @entity1 -LOS occurs frequently for admitted pediatric @entity0 and is associated with Hispanic ethnicity, presentation during winter season, and early morning arrival. Potential strategies to reduce @entity1 -LOS include improved availability of interpreter services and enhanced staffing and additional inpatient bed availability during winter season and overnight hours.

title: Factors associated with prolonged emergency department length of stay for admitted XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are several kinds of adverse reactions to the administration of local anaesthetics (LAs): @entity1 , which causes reproducible symptoms or signs, initiated by exposure to a defined stimulus at a dose tolerated by normal subjects; toxic reactions - caused by @entity3 or inappropriate administration; and @entity2 - when an immunologic mechanism can be shown to be important.The most serious adverse reaction is anaphylaxis, which can be of allergic or non-allergic (anaphylactoid) origin. We analysed clinical adverse reactions to local anaesthetic agents that occurred in the Silesian region. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 , aged 22-56 years, in whom significant reactions had occurred after administration of an LA, were investigated in our institution. The investigation was based on skin prick, intradermal injections and patch testing. In every @entity0 , the concentration of latex IgE antibodies was measured. RESULTS: True @entity1 were confirmed in three @entity0 . The allergens were: @entity4 in all three cases, additionally: @entity5 - in one @entity0 and preservative (paraben) - in one @entity0 . No latex @entity2 was diagnosed. DISCUSSION: The results showed that @entity1 to LA agents are rare and that most of the reported reactions were caused by @entity1 . Nevertheless, in each case of adverse reaction, careful review of the history, and testing of immediate and @entity1 not only to LA but also to latex and preservatives, should be mandatory.

title: Adverse effects of local anaesthetics - @entity2 , toxic reactions or XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are several kinds of adverse reactions to the administration of local anaesthetics (LAs): @entity1 , which causes reproducible symptoms or signs, initiated by exposure to a defined stimulus at a dose tolerated by normal subjects; toxic reactions - caused by @entity3 or inappropriate administration; and @entity2 - when an immunologic mechanism can be shown to be important.The most serious adverse reaction is anaphylaxis, which can be of allergic or non-allergic (anaphylactoid) origin. We analysed clinical adverse reactions to local anaesthetic agents that occurred in the Silesian region. METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 , aged 22-56 years, in whom significant reactions had occurred after administration of an LA, were investigated in our institution. The investigation was based on skin prick, intradermal injections and patch testing. In every @entity0 , the concentration of latex IgE antibodies was measured. RESULTS: True @entity1 were confirmed in three @entity0 . The allergens were: @entity4 in all three cases, additionally: @entity5 - in one @entity0 and preservative (paraben) - in one @entity0 . No latex @entity2 was diagnosed. DISCUSSION: The results showed that @entity1 to LA agents are rare and that most of the reported reactions were caused by @entity1 . Nevertheless, in each case of adverse reaction, careful review of the history, and testing of immediate and @entity1 not only to LA but also to latex and preservatives, should be mandatory.

title: Adverse effects of local anaesthetics - XXXX , toxic reactions or @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 are being frequently recognized in the pediatric intensive care unit in the recent few years. The epidemiology and risk factors for @entity2 are different from that of the adults. The incidence of @entity3 is almost slightly more than that of @entity2 . The list of diagnostic causes is increasing with the availability of newer imaging modalities and laboratory tests. The diagnostic work up depends on the age of the @entity0 and the rapidity of presentation. Magnetic resonance imaging, computerized tomography and arteriography and venography are the mainstay of diagnosis and to differentiate between @entity1 and hemorrhagic events. Very sophisticated molecular diagnostic tests are required in a very few @entity0 . There are very few pediatric studies on the management of @entity2 . General supportive management is as important as the specific treatment. Most of the treatment guidelines and suggestions are extrapolated from the adult studies. Few guidelines are available for the use of anticoagulants and thrombolytic agents in pediatric @entity0 . So, our objective was to review the available literature on the childhood @entity2 and to provide an insight into the subject for the pediatricians and critical care providers.

title: XXXX in pediatric intensive care unit.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Acceleration of diagnosis and initiation of treatment for @entity2 requires optimal organization and multidisciplinary collaboration. A project at the Head and Neck Oncology Centre, Aarhus University Hospital aimed at accelerating @entity0 flow. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Initiatives were implemented throughout the year 2007. Focus was on optimizing logistics for all @entity0 referred to the center with suspected @entity2 . Initiatives included a full-time case manager, pre-booked slots for clinical work-up and @entity1 . Key-dates were registered and relevant intervals were quantitatively evaluated and compared to a reference-group from 2006. RESULTS: We registered 446 @entity0 . Waiting times for first clinical examination on ENT department were reduced from median eight to median two days through 2007 (p < 0.0001). Time from first clinical examination and until referral for treatment was reduced from median 21 to median nine days (p < 0.0001). Time from referral to treatment and until initiation of treatment was reduced from median 26 to median 15 days (p < 0.001). The net result of these reductions was a reduced overall time from median 57 days ultimo 2006 to median 29 days ultimo 2007 (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The current project has shown that it is possible to reduce waiting times in @entity2 . Through logistic changes, employment of a full-time case manager, strengthening the multidisciplinary @entity1 board and giving higher priority for @entity2 @entity0 , the overall time from first suspicion of @entity1 until treatment start was reduced from 57 calendar days to 29 calendar days.

title: Reduction in waiting time for diagnosis and treatment of XXXX - a fast track study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Successful @entity1 targeting of systemically administered oncolytic adenoviruses may be hindered by interactions with blood components. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood distribution of oncolytic adenoviruses featuring type 5 adenovirus fiber, 5/3 capsid chimerism, or RGD-4C in the fiber knob was investigated in vitro and in @entity0 with refractory solid @entity1 . RESULTS: Virus titers and prevalence in serum of @entity0 increased over the first post-treatment week, suggesting replication. Detection of low virus loads was more sensitive in @entity2 than in serum, although viral levels > 500 viral particles/mL did not differ significantly between both sample types. While adenovirus bound to erythrocytes, platelets, granulocytes, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro, the virus was mainly detectable in erythrocytes and granulocytes in @entity1 @entity0 . Taken together with a temporary post-treatment decrease in thrombocyte counts, platelet activation by adenovirus and subsequent clearance seem likely to occur in @entity0 . Fiber modifications had limited observed effect on virus distribution in blood cell compartments. Neutrophils, monocytes and cytotoxic T lymphocytes were the major leukocyte subpopulations interacting with adenoviruses. CONCLUSION: Serum and @entity2 are relevant to estimate oncolytic adenovirus replication. Insight into viral interactions with blood cells may contribute to the development of new strategies for @entity1 delivery.

title: In vivo and in vitro distribution of type 5 and fiber-modified oncolytic adenoviruses in XXXX blood compartments.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity6 ) often ameliorates @entity1 ( @entity1 ) behavioral dysfunction according to indirect informant reports and rating scales. The standard of care behavioral @entity6 titration approach seldom includes direct neuropsychological or @entity5 assessment data to determine treatment efficacy. Documenting "cool" @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and "hot" self-regulation (SR) @entity2 could aid in differential diagnosis of @entity1 subtypes and determining cognitive and @entity5 @entity6 response. In this study, @entity0 aged 6 to 16 with @entity1 inattentive type (IT; n = 19) and combined type (n = 33)/hyperactive-impulsive type (n = 4) (CT) participated in double-blind placebo-controlled @entity6 trials with baseline and randomized placebo, low @entity6 dose, and high @entity6 dose conditions. @entity3 / SR measures and behavior ratings/classroom observations were rank ordered separately across conditions, with nonparametric randomization tests conducted to determine individual @entity6 response. @entity0 were subsequently grouped according to their level of cool @entity3 and hot SR circuit dysfunction. Robust cognitive and behavioral @entity6 response was achieved for @entity0 with significant baseline @entity3 /SR impairment, yet response was poor for those with adequate @entity3 / SR baseline performance. Even for strong @entity6 responders, the best dose for neuropsychological functioning was typically lower than the best dose for behavior. Findings offer one possible explanation for why long-term @entity5 @entity6 treatment gains in @entity1 have not been realized. Implications for @entity5 achievement and medication titration practices for @entity0 with behaviorally diagnosed @entity1 will be discussed.

title: Executive impairment determines XXXX medication response: implications for @entity5 achievement.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity6 ) often ameliorates @entity1 ( @entity1 ) behavioral dysfunction according to indirect informant reports and rating scales. The standard of care behavioral @entity6 titration approach seldom includes direct neuropsychological or @entity5 assessment data to determine treatment efficacy. Documenting "cool" @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and "hot" self-regulation (SR) @entity2 could aid in differential diagnosis of @entity1 subtypes and determining cognitive and @entity5 @entity6 response. In this study, @entity0 aged 6 to 16 with @entity1 inattentive type (IT; n = 19) and combined type (n = 33)/hyperactive-impulsive type (n = 4) (CT) participated in double-blind placebo-controlled @entity6 trials with baseline and randomized placebo, low @entity6 dose, and high @entity6 dose conditions. @entity3 / SR measures and behavior ratings/classroom observations were rank ordered separately across conditions, with nonparametric randomization tests conducted to determine individual @entity6 response. @entity0 were subsequently grouped according to their level of cool @entity3 and hot SR circuit dysfunction. Robust cognitive and behavioral @entity6 response was achieved for @entity0 with significant baseline @entity3 /SR impairment, yet response was poor for those with adequate @entity3 / SR baseline performance. Even for strong @entity6 responders, the best dose for neuropsychological functioning was typically lower than the best dose for behavior. Findings offer one possible explanation for why long-term @entity5 @entity6 treatment gains in @entity1 have not been realized. Implications for @entity5 achievement and medication titration practices for @entity0 with behaviorally diagnosed @entity1 will be discussed.

title: Executive impairment determines @entity1 medication response: implications for XXXX achievement.

answer: @entity5