abstract: The effects of HMG (Humegon)-HCG therapy in 6096 cycles in 2166 Japanese @entity0 with @entity2 were examined. The rates of ovulation, pregnancy, the @entity1 , @entity6 , and @entity4 in the newborn were recorded, and the possible factors of multiple pregnancies were analyzed. Ovulation occurred in 73.2% of the cases and 64.5% of the treatment cycles. Pregnancy occurred in 23.0% of the cases and 8.6% of the cycles. @entity1 with grade I of WHO definition or more was observed in 10.3% of the cases and 5.3% of the cycles. The incidence of the @entity1 was high in amenorrheic @entity0 , who respond to @entity5 with @entity3 . The multiple pregnancy rate was 20.5%, of which 13.0% was twins and 7.5% triplets or more. The abortion rate was 22.0%, and the abortion rate in multiple pregnancy was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than that in singleton pregnancy. The external @entity4 rate was 1.68% in the 594 newborn who could be examined. No significant differences were found in maternal factors, the treatment schedule, or the ovarian response to treatment in singleton and multiple pregnancy groups. This survey revealed that the efficacy and the incidence of adverse effects of Humegon-HCG therapy in a large number of Japanese @entity0 were not different from those in Caucasians except for a lower rate of multiple pregnancy, and no special causative factors for multiple pregnancy were found.

title: Results of HMG (Humegon)-HCG therapy in 6096 treatment cycles of 2166 Japanese @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of HMG (Humegon)-HCG therapy in 6096 cycles in 2166 Japanese @entity0 with @entity2 were examined. The rates of ovulation, pregnancy, the @entity1 , @entity6 , and @entity4 in the newborn were recorded, and the possible factors of multiple pregnancies were analyzed. Ovulation occurred in 73.2% of the cases and 64.5% of the treatment cycles. Pregnancy occurred in 23.0% of the cases and 8.6% of the cycles. @entity1 with grade I of WHO definition or more was observed in 10.3% of the cases and 5.3% of the cycles. The incidence of the @entity1 was high in amenorrheic @entity0 , who respond to @entity5 with @entity3 . The multiple pregnancy rate was 20.5%, of which 13.0% was twins and 7.5% triplets or more. The abortion rate was 22.0%, and the abortion rate in multiple pregnancy was significantly higher (P less than 0.05) than that in singleton pregnancy. The external @entity4 rate was 1.68% in the 594 newborn who could be examined. No significant differences were found in maternal factors, the treatment schedule, or the ovarian response to treatment in singleton and multiple pregnancy groups. This survey revealed that the efficacy and the incidence of adverse effects of Humegon-HCG therapy in a large number of Japanese @entity0 were not different from those in Caucasians except for a lower rate of multiple pregnancy, and no special causative factors for multiple pregnancy were found.

title: Results of HMG (Humegon)-HCG therapy in 6096 treatment cycles of 2166 Japanese XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: High-dose @entity5 in a dose of 2-4 g/m2 every four weeks was given as secondary chemotherapy to 22 @entity0 with metastatic soft-tissue @entity4 ; toxic reactions included 1 @entity3 and 2 instances of moderate @entity2 . The remaining @entity0 tolerated this treatment without difficulty. Of 18 @entity0 with measurable evaluable disease, 17 demonstrated progression. One @entity0 with @entity6 had a complete response lasting for 15 months. Three @entity0 were given adjuvant high-dose @entity5 following wedge resections of pulmonary @entity1 . One @entity0 demonstrated recurrence after four months, another after 13 months, and the third after 15 months. One additional @entity0 underwent resection of pulmonary @entity1 following two months of stabilization with high-dose @entity5 and has continued free of disease with high-dose @entity5 as adjuvant for eight months. Five @entity0 are alive and have been disease-free for an average period of 14 months. Four of these underwent operative treatment combined with chemotherapy. The effectiveness of high-dose @entity5 appears limited in soft-tissue @entity4 when it is given as secondary chemotherapy.

title: High-dose XXXX as secondary chemotherapy in metastatic soft-tissue @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: High-dose @entity5 in a dose of 2-4 g/m2 every four weeks was given as secondary chemotherapy to 22 @entity0 with metastatic soft-tissue @entity4 ; toxic reactions included 1 @entity3 and 2 instances of moderate @entity2 . The remaining @entity0 tolerated this treatment without difficulty. Of 18 @entity0 with measurable evaluable disease, 17 demonstrated progression. One @entity0 with @entity6 had a complete response lasting for 15 months. Three @entity0 were given adjuvant high-dose @entity5 following wedge resections of pulmonary @entity1 . One @entity0 demonstrated recurrence after four months, another after 13 months, and the third after 15 months. One additional @entity0 underwent resection of pulmonary @entity1 following two months of stabilization with high-dose @entity5 and has continued free of disease with high-dose @entity5 as adjuvant for eight months. Five @entity0 are alive and have been disease-free for an average period of 14 months. Four of these underwent operative treatment combined with chemotherapy. The effectiveness of high-dose @entity5 appears limited in soft-tissue @entity4 when it is given as secondary chemotherapy.

title: High-dose @entity5 as secondary chemotherapy in metastatic soft-tissue XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A long pause after an abnormal heat during @entity1 has been called a "compensatory pause" and has been used to identify @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and to differentiate them from supraventricular beats with aberration. The diagnostic value of the compensatory pause is controversial and has not been tested systematically with programmed stimulation and intracardiac recordings. In this study we used these methods to determine if @entity2 induced during @entity1 were followed by compensatory pauses. Five @entity0 were studied who had ECGs with a normal PR interval and a normal QRS duration and morphology during sinus rhythm. @entity1 was induced by rapid atrial pacing. @entity2 were induced by coupling a ventricular extrastimulus to every eighth or tenth QRS complex during @entity1 . The coupling interval of the PVC was changed in 10- or 20-msec increments until the entire cardiac cycle was scanned. The mean duration of recorded @entity1 was 15.7 minutes. Fifty-seven to 163 @entity2 were induced in each @entity0 . The mean cycle after the induced PVC was calculated and compared with the mean control cycle. The mean cycle after the PVC was 107-136 msec longer than the mean control cycle (p < 0.001 in every @entity0 ). This study confirms the presence of a compensatory pause after stimulated @entity2 in @entity1 .

title: The "compensatory pause" of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) usually have a @entity2 characterized by @entity1 of the epicardial half of the left ventricle. This @entity2 is difficult to detect by noninvasive techniques. We report a technique that evaluates incremental left ventricular posterior wall thickening and thinning. High-quality left ventricular posterior wall echoes in 24 @entity0 with @entity3 and 32 controls were recorded at chordal level two times 1 year apart. Endocardial and epicardial echoes and a timing ECG were digitized and analyzed by minicomputer. Left ventricular wall amplitudes were determined at standardized temporal increments during contraction and relaxation. To compare with this left ventricular assessment technique, systolic ejection times, shortening fraction and mean velocity of circumferenial fiber shortening (Vcf) were also computed in the standard way. Mean year-to-year changes were minor. Mean Vcf, the ratio of preejection period to left ventricular ejection time and shortening fraction during the first year were statistically similar to those of the controls. Shortening fraction decreased slightly during the second year and became significantly different from the control, but remained within the normal range. Left ventricular wall thickness and cavity size were significantly less in @entity0 with @entity3 than in controls. Therefore, we had to normalize incremental wall thickness to determine if any significant difference occurred. To do this, we evaluated the percentage of maximal wall thickness which occurred at a given percent of systole and diastole. Using this technique, it was shown that thickening during systole was a nearly linear process with respect to time in both groups. However, relaxation was significantly different between the groups. Relaxation was found to be an alinear process, and most thinning occurred in the first 40% of diastole. The major findings of this investigation was that the left ventricular wall of @entity0 with @entity3 thinned at a slower rate than that of normal subjects. This new technique appears to be sensitive and demonstrates subtle changes in the left ventricular posterior wall.

title: Echocardiographic determination of contraction and relaxation measurements of the left ventricular wall in normal subjects and XXXX with muscular dystrophy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Mature Merino rams were made @entity4 by daily oral drenching with @entity7 or @entity5 by daily subcutaneous injections of thyroxine for 8 weeks. Neither @entity4 nor @entity5 had any apparent effect on either spermatogenesis or daily sperm production, but motility of ejaculated spermatozoa and circulating @entity1 concentrations were reduced in both conditions. The ratio of @entity1 concentrations in plasma from the internal spermatic vein to those in peripheral blood plasma was higher in @entity5 (21.2 +/- 3.5) than in control (11.1 +/- 4.4) and @entity4 (7.6 +/- 1.4) rams. The basal secretion rate for @entity1 was slightly lower in @entity4 rams and @entity1 responses to @entity0 chorionic gonadotrophin and after @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were very much reduced. Basal serum LH levels were low in both @entity4 and @entity5 rams compared with controls whereas there were no differences in FSH levels. The LH response to exogenous @entity6 was reduced in @entity4 rams but not in @entity5 rams. Serum prolactin levels on the other hand were higher than control in both @entity4 and @entity5 rams. Reduced @entity1 secretion in @entity4 rams indicates that the normal function of Leydig cells depends on an adequate level of thyroid hormones. The decrease in circulating @entity1 concentrations in @entity5 rams with normal secretion rates suggests an increased @entity1 clearance rate in these animals. The @entity3 in hypo- and @entity5 rams suggests that the lowered @entity1 level in these animals has altered the @entity2 -dependent maturation of spermatozoa in the epididymis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Spermatogenesis, seminal characteristics and reproductive hormone levels in mature rams with induced @entity4 and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Mature Merino rams were made @entity4 by daily oral drenching with @entity7 or @entity5 by daily subcutaneous injections of thyroxine for 8 weeks. Neither @entity4 nor @entity5 had any apparent effect on either spermatogenesis or daily sperm production, but motility of ejaculated spermatozoa and circulating @entity1 concentrations were reduced in both conditions. The ratio of @entity1 concentrations in plasma from the internal spermatic vein to those in peripheral blood plasma was higher in @entity5 (21.2 +/- 3.5) than in control (11.1 +/- 4.4) and @entity4 (7.6 +/- 1.4) rams. The basal secretion rate for @entity1 was slightly lower in @entity4 rams and @entity1 responses to @entity0 chorionic gonadotrophin and after @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were very much reduced. Basal serum LH levels were low in both @entity4 and @entity5 rams compared with controls whereas there were no differences in FSH levels. The LH response to exogenous @entity6 was reduced in @entity4 rams but not in @entity5 rams. Serum prolactin levels on the other hand were higher than control in both @entity4 and @entity5 rams. Reduced @entity1 secretion in @entity4 rams indicates that the normal function of Leydig cells depends on an adequate level of thyroid hormones. The decrease in circulating @entity1 concentrations in @entity5 rams with normal secretion rates suggests an increased @entity1 clearance rate in these animals. The @entity3 in hypo- and @entity5 rams suggests that the lowered @entity1 level in these animals has altered the @entity2 -dependent maturation of spermatozoa in the epididymis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Spermatogenesis, seminal characteristics and reproductive hormone levels in mature rams with induced XXXX and @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate therapy with @entity9 , @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and @entity10 combination (MFP) in @entity0 with metastatic or recurrent @entity4 not amenable to surgery or radiation therapy, as compared to @entity5 therapy alone. Previously, the authors have treated 114 @entity0 with @entity5 therapy and achieved a 15.8% objective response rate; 7.0% were complete responders. Thirteen @entity0 with documented recurrent or metastatic @entity4 were entered into the MFP study. Thirteen were evaluable for @entity1 and 11 for response (2 had no measureable parameter). Treatment consisted of melphalan 0.2 mg/kg/day for 4 days every 4 weeks; @entity6 15 mg/kg/day for 4 days every 4 weeks; and @entity10 1.0 g intramuscularly weekly. Two of the first 3 @entity0 who were treated with this regimen developed severe @entity3 (platelets, 25,000 and 17,000/mm3). Therefore, the remaining 10 @entity0 received @entity6 at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 4 days every 4 weeks. Except for 1 @entity0 who devloped @entity8 , there was no other significant @entity1 in the 90 courses of therapy received by the 13 @entity0 . Of the 11 @entity0 evaluable for respone, 6 (54.5%) responded (2 complete responders, 4 partial responders), 2 for stationary disease, and 3 progressed after having had stationary disease for 3, 6, and 9 months, respectively. Of special interest was that the 2 @entity0 with @entity7 responded and 1 additional @entity0 with @entity2 maintained a complete response with @entity6 therapy alone.

title: Melphalan, @entity6 , and XXXX in metastatic or recurrent @entity4 . Preliminary report.

answer: @entity10


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate therapy with @entity9 , @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and @entity10 combination (MFP) in @entity0 with metastatic or recurrent @entity4 not amenable to surgery or radiation therapy, as compared to @entity5 therapy alone. Previously, the authors have treated 114 @entity0 with @entity5 therapy and achieved a 15.8% objective response rate; 7.0% were complete responders. Thirteen @entity0 with documented recurrent or metastatic @entity4 were entered into the MFP study. Thirteen were evaluable for @entity1 and 11 for response (2 had no measureable parameter). Treatment consisted of melphalan 0.2 mg/kg/day for 4 days every 4 weeks; @entity6 15 mg/kg/day for 4 days every 4 weeks; and @entity10 1.0 g intramuscularly weekly. Two of the first 3 @entity0 who were treated with this regimen developed severe @entity3 (platelets, 25,000 and 17,000/mm3). Therefore, the remaining 10 @entity0 received @entity6 at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 4 days every 4 weeks. Except for 1 @entity0 who devloped @entity8 , there was no other significant @entity1 in the 90 courses of therapy received by the 13 @entity0 . Of the 11 @entity0 evaluable for respone, 6 (54.5%) responded (2 complete responders, 4 partial responders), 2 for stationary disease, and 3 progressed after having had stationary disease for 3, 6, and 9 months, respectively. Of special interest was that the 2 @entity0 with @entity7 responded and 1 additional @entity0 with @entity2 maintained a complete response with @entity6 therapy alone.

title: Melphalan, XXXX , and @entity10 in metastatic or recurrent @entity4 . Preliminary report.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate therapy with @entity9 , @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and @entity10 combination (MFP) in @entity0 with metastatic or recurrent @entity4 not amenable to surgery or radiation therapy, as compared to @entity5 therapy alone. Previously, the authors have treated 114 @entity0 with @entity5 therapy and achieved a 15.8% objective response rate; 7.0% were complete responders. Thirteen @entity0 with documented recurrent or metastatic @entity4 were entered into the MFP study. Thirteen were evaluable for @entity1 and 11 for response (2 had no measureable parameter). Treatment consisted of melphalan 0.2 mg/kg/day for 4 days every 4 weeks; @entity6 15 mg/kg/day for 4 days every 4 weeks; and @entity10 1.0 g intramuscularly weekly. Two of the first 3 @entity0 who were treated with this regimen developed severe @entity3 (platelets, 25,000 and 17,000/mm3). Therefore, the remaining 10 @entity0 received @entity6 at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 4 days every 4 weeks. Except for 1 @entity0 who devloped @entity8 , there was no other significant @entity1 in the 90 courses of therapy received by the 13 @entity0 . Of the 11 @entity0 evaluable for respone, 6 (54.5%) responded (2 complete responders, 4 partial responders), 2 for stationary disease, and 3 progressed after having had stationary disease for 3, 6, and 9 months, respectively. Of special interest was that the 2 @entity0 with @entity7 responded and 1 additional @entity0 with @entity2 maintained a complete response with @entity6 therapy alone.

title: Melphalan, @entity6 , and @entity10 in metastatic or recurrent XXXX . Preliminary report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between long-term high-salt hot diet and chronic @entity3 (CAG). The expression of apoptosis cells, proliferation cells, @entity1 and Fas proteins were detected in the @entity0 of CAG rates induced by high-salt hot water. METHODS: TUNEL technique and immunohistochemical method were used in the experiment. Flow cytometry method was used to detect the DNA content of apoptosis cells. RESULTS: (1) The detection of apoptosis with TUNEL showed that the apoptosis cells in CAG rates induced by high-salt hot water were high. These cells could be seen in all layers of @entity0 , apoptosis index of model rates was higher than that of normal rates (P < 0.05). (2) The result of detecting apoptosis gene and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) by immunohistochemical method showed that the expression of @entity1 , Fas and @entity2 in the CAG rates induced by high-salt hot water was much higher than that of normal @entity0 (P < 0.05). The expression rates of @entity1 , Fas proteins were higher with time going on. After being given high-salt hot water intragastrically for 4, 8, 12 weeks, the @entity1 protein expression rates were 12.5%, 16.7%, 76.5%, the Fas protein expression rates were 18.7%, 22.2% and 64.7%. (3) Flow cytometry technique showed that there was a second G(0)/G(1) peek, which was apoptosis cells peak, but was not seen in the normal @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Abnormality of proliferation and apoptosis in @entity0 could be induced by high-salt hot water. @entity1 , Fas gene played an important role in this course.

title: [Experimental study of apoptosis and proliferation of XXXX in chronic @entity3 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between long-term high-salt hot diet and chronic @entity3 (CAG). The expression of apoptosis cells, proliferation cells, @entity1 and Fas proteins were detected in the @entity0 of CAG rates induced by high-salt hot water. METHODS: TUNEL technique and immunohistochemical method were used in the experiment. Flow cytometry method was used to detect the DNA content of apoptosis cells. RESULTS: (1) The detection of apoptosis with TUNEL showed that the apoptosis cells in CAG rates induced by high-salt hot water were high. These cells could be seen in all layers of @entity0 , apoptosis index of model rates was higher than that of normal rates (P < 0.05). (2) The result of detecting apoptosis gene and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) by immunohistochemical method showed that the expression of @entity1 , Fas and @entity2 in the CAG rates induced by high-salt hot water was much higher than that of normal @entity0 (P < 0.05). The expression rates of @entity1 , Fas proteins were higher with time going on. After being given high-salt hot water intragastrically for 4, 8, 12 weeks, the @entity1 protein expression rates were 12.5%, 16.7%, 76.5%, the Fas protein expression rates were 18.7%, 22.2% and 64.7%. (3) Flow cytometry technique showed that there was a second G(0)/G(1) peek, which was apoptosis cells peak, but was not seen in the normal @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Abnormality of proliferation and apoptosis in @entity0 could be induced by high-salt hot water. @entity1 , Fas gene played an important role in this course.

title: [Experimental study of apoptosis and proliferation of @entity0 in chronic XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 chemotherapy for @entity3 was reviewed with special emphasis on histologic findings and survival. Preoperative chemotherapy with intravenous, split administration of @entity4 40 mg caused considerable damage to "micro-solitary metastatic foci" in metastatic lymph nodes. In view of the lipid-adsorbing ability of the lymphatic stream, emulsified @entity5 was used orally in 182 @entity0 with @entity3 ; histologic findings revealed that the emulsified @entity5 enhanced the antitumor efficacy for metastatic lymph nodes as well as the @entity2 . However, the 5-year survival rate for @entity3 @entity0 undergoing preoperative emulsified @entity5 therapy did not differ from the control, with only the exception of @entity0 with @entity1 . On the other hand, combined therapy involving preoperative intra-arterial infusion and surgery was carried out in 62 @entity0 with @entity3 . These preoperative treatments using @entity4 , @entity5 , VLB, @entity6 and/or @entity7 entailed continuous infusion for 15 to 20 hours; the histologic changes observed revealed marked antitumor effects on the primary focus as well as metastatic lymph nodes. The five-year survival rate for the 62 @entity0 was compared with that for 99 @entity0 with @entity3 in the corresponding period. The survival rate was analyzed based on the degree of serosal invasion. The overall survivals in the 62 @entity0 were higher than those in the controls for the first 3 years. At 4 to 5 years, the survival rates for both the treated and control groups were approximately equal. In @entity0 without serosal invasion, the survival rates were higher in treated cases than in the controls for the first 2 years. Thirty-nine @entity0 with serosal invasion had significantly higher survival rates than the controls for the first 3 years. The survival rates for the treated @entity0 with cancerous infiltration of ther organs were about the same as those for the corresponding control @entity0 .

title: [ @entity1 chemotherapy for XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 chemotherapy for @entity3 was reviewed with special emphasis on histologic findings and survival. Preoperative chemotherapy with intravenous, split administration of @entity4 40 mg caused considerable damage to "micro-solitary metastatic foci" in metastatic lymph nodes. In view of the lipid-adsorbing ability of the lymphatic stream, emulsified @entity5 was used orally in 182 @entity0 with @entity3 ; histologic findings revealed that the emulsified @entity5 enhanced the antitumor efficacy for metastatic lymph nodes as well as the @entity2 . However, the 5-year survival rate for @entity3 @entity0 undergoing preoperative emulsified @entity5 therapy did not differ from the control, with only the exception of @entity0 with @entity1 . On the other hand, combined therapy involving preoperative intra-arterial infusion and surgery was carried out in 62 @entity0 with @entity3 . These preoperative treatments using @entity4 , @entity5 , VLB, @entity6 and/or @entity7 entailed continuous infusion for 15 to 20 hours; the histologic changes observed revealed marked antitumor effects on the primary focus as well as metastatic lymph nodes. The five-year survival rate for the 62 @entity0 was compared with that for 99 @entity0 with @entity3 in the corresponding period. The survival rate was analyzed based on the degree of serosal invasion. The overall survivals in the 62 @entity0 were higher than those in the controls for the first 3 years. At 4 to 5 years, the survival rates for both the treated and control groups were approximately equal. In @entity0 without serosal invasion, the survival rates were higher in treated cases than in the controls for the first 2 years. Thirty-nine @entity0 with serosal invasion had significantly higher survival rates than the controls for the first 3 years. The survival rates for the treated @entity0 with cancerous infiltration of ther organs were about the same as those for the corresponding control @entity0 .

title: [ XXXX chemotherapy for @entity3 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A sensitive radioimmunoassay for cardiac myosin light chain II (LCII) was developed, and changes of serum LCII levels were studied in experimental @entity2 in @entity1 . This radioimmunoassay employed an antiserum which was prepared in @entity0 against @entity1 LCII. In our assay, 0.2-5.0 ng of LCII were effectively measurable. In normal @entity1 , LCII concentration in serum was less than 20 ng/ml. The serum LCII level began to rise within 6 hr after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery, reaching maximum level at 3-5 days (40-320 ng/ml). In eight out of ten cases with @entity3 , LCII could be detected as long as 7 days after operation. In one sham-operated @entity1 , LCII was detected at 2 and 3 days, but its concentrations were less than 30 ng/ml. When LCII was injected intravenously, it dissipated from the blood stream within 48 hr. The time course curves of serum LCII level had two characteristics that had not been observed in serum enzyme studies: 1) LCII level rose rapidly and stayed up during a long period after @entity3 , and 2) changes of serum LCII levels were biphasic in six out of ten @entity1 with @entity3 . These results, and our previous studies of synthesis rate of light chains, suggest that when a coronary artery is occluded LCII may first be released from a pool of uncombined LCII in myocardial cells, and then continuously liberated from cardiac myosin molecules. This radioimmunoassay can be expected to be useful when applied to clinical use.

title: Radioimmunoassay of cardiac myosin light chain II in the serum following experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To analyze worker burnout and the prevalence of @entity1 among primary care physicians, and to determine how burnout is related with sociodemographic and work-related factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. SETTING: Primary care centers in Area 8, Madrid (central Spain).Subjects. All 244 physicians (family medicine and pediatrics) who provided care at centers in Area 8 at the time of the study.Method. Anonymous, self-administered questionnaire that included the Maslach Burnout Inventory (worker burnout); GHQ-28 (possible @entity2 ); survey of sociodemographic and work-related factors, unhealthy behaviors, use of medications, and perceived quality of care and risk of medical errors in relation with work-related pressures; open question regarding causes of work-related stress. RESULTS: Response rate, 80.3%. Burnout was detected in 69.2% of the physicians (95% CI, 62.1%-75.4%) and was severe in 12.3%. The prevalence of possible @entity1 was 36.7%. Burnout was found to be related with possible @entity1 (P<.01); perception that work-related pressures frequently led to diminished quality of care and medical errors (P<.o1); permanent employment status (P<.05); more than 1700 @entity0 on the @entity0 list (P<.05); age between 37 and 46 years (P<.01) and @entity0 load of 35 to 47 @entity0 /day (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of worker burnout and possible @entity1 was high, and the two variables were related. A large percentage of @entity0 perceived that work-related pressures diminished the quality of care provided.

title: [Prevalence of worker burnout and XXXX in primary care physicians in a health care area in Madrid].

answer: @entity1


abstract: At the border of the neural plate, the induction of the neural crest can be achieved by interactions with the epidermis, or with the underlying mesoderm. Wnt signals are required for the inducing activity of the epidermis in @entity2 and amphibian embryos. Here, we analyze the molecular mechanisms of neural crest induction by the mesoderm in @entity0 embryos. Using a recombination assay, we show that prospective paraxial mesoderm induces a panel of neural crest markers ( @entity6 , FoxD3, @entity8 and @entity7 ), whereas the future axial mesoderm only induces a subset of these genes. This induction is blocked by a dominant negative (dn) form of @entity5 . However, neither dnFGFR4a nor inhibition of Wnt signaling prevents neural crest induction in this system. Among the FGFs, @entity9 is strongly expressed by the paraxial mesoderm. @entity9 is sufficient to induce the neural crest markers FoxD3, @entity7 and @entity8 transiently in the animal cap assay. In vivo, @entity9 injections also expand the @entity6 expression domain. This suggests that @entity9 can initiate neural crest formation and cooperates with other DLMZ-derived factors to maintain and complete neural crest induction. In contrast to Wnts, @entity4 or @entity3 , @entity9 elicits neural crest induction in the absence of mesoderm induction and without a requirement for BMP antagonists. In vivo, it is difficult to dissociate the roles of FGF and WNT factors in mesoderm induction and neural patterning. We show that, in most cases, effects on neural crest formation were parallel to altered mesoderm or neural development. However, @entity1 patterning can be dissociated experimentally using different dominant-negative manipulations: while Nfz8 blocks both posterior neural plate formation and neural crest formation, dnFGFR4a blocks neural patterning without blocking neural crest formation. These results suggest that different signal transduction mechanisms may be used in neural crest induction, and anteroposterior neural patterning.

title: Neural crest induction by paraxial mesoderm in XXXX embryos requires FGF signals.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is a lack of international research on suicide by @entity1 as a preventable suicide method. Sex- and age-specific rates of suicide by drug self-poisoning (ICD-10, X60-64) and the distribution of drug types used in 16 European countries were studied, and compared with other self-poisoning methods (X65-69) and intentional self-injury (X70-84). METHODS: Data for 2000-04/05 were collected from national statistical offices. Age-adjusted suicide rates, and age and sex distributions, were calculated. RESULTS: No pronounced sex differences in drug self-poisoning rates were found, either in the aggregate data (males 1.6 and females 1.5 per 100,000) or within individual countries. Among the 16 countries, the range (from some 0.3 in Portugal to 5.0 in Finland) was wide. 'Other and unspecified drugs' (X64) were recorded most frequently, with a range of 0.2-1.9, and accounted for more than 70% of @entity0 by @entity1 in France, Luxembourg, Portugal and Spain. Psychotropic drugs (X61) ranked second. The X63 category ('other drugs acting on the autonomic nervous system') was least frequently used. Finland showed low X64 and high X61 figures, Scotland had high levels of X62 ('narcotics and hallucinogens, not elsewhere classified') for both sexes, while England exceeded other countries in category X60. Risk was highest among the middle-aged everywhere except in Switzerland, where the elderly were most at risk. CONCLUSIONS: Suicide by @entity1 is preventable. Intentional self-poisoning with drugs kills as many males as females. The considerable differences in patterns of self-poisoning found in the various European countries are relevant to national efforts to improve diagnostics of suicide and appropriate specific prevention. The fact that vast majority of @entity1 suicides came under the category X64 refers to the need of more detailed ICD coding system for @entity1 suicides is needed to permit better design of suicide-prevention strategies at national level.

title: Drug suicide: a sex-equal cause of XXXX in 16 European countries.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Semaphorins are a large family of secreted and cell surface molecules that guide neural growth cones to their targets during development. Some semaphorins are expressed in cells and tissues beyond the nervous system suggesting the possibility that they function in the development of non-neural tissues as well. In the trunk of @entity0 embryos endothelial precursors (angioblasts) are located ventral and lateral to the somites. The angioblasts migrate medially and dorsally along the medial surface of the somites to form the dorsal aorta just ventral to the notochord. Here we show that in @entity0 @entity2 is involved in angioblast migration in vivo. Expression of @entity2 in somites and neuropilin 1, which encodes for a component of the Sema3a receptor, in angioblasts suggested that @entity2 regulates the pathway of the dorsally migrating angioblasts. Antisense knockdown of @entity2 inhibited the formation of the dorsal aorta. Induced ubiquitous expression of @entity2 in @entity1 :(gfp) @entity2 (myc) transgenic embryos inhibited migration of angioblasts ventral and lateral to the somites and retarded development of the dorsal aorta, resulting in severely reduced blood circulation. Furthermore, analysis of cells that express angioblast markers following induced expression of @entity2 or in a mutant that changes the expression of @entity2 in the somites confirmed these results. These data implicate @entity2 , a guidance factor for neural growth cones, in the development of the vascular system.

title: Semaphorin3a1 regulates angioblast migration and vascular development in XXXX embryos.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Few would argue with the need for long-term follow-up after endovascular repair of @entity2 . A small risk of reintervention persists and the challenge remains to identify those @entity0 that will require additional procedures to prevent subsequent complications. The ideal follow-up regimen remains elusive. Up until this point, most regimens have consisted of radiologic imaging, with either computed tomography (CT) scans or ultrasonography to identify continued @entity1 perfusion ( @entity3 ) and document sac dynamics, either shrinkage, growth, or stability. However, @entity1 sac growth or shrinkage serves only as a surrogate measurement for pressurization, and although it is uniformly believed that attachment site @entity3 require treatment, it remains controversial as to how to determine which type II @entity3 pressurize an @entity1 sufficiently to require therapy. In response to these difficulties, several manufacturers have developed pressure sensors that can be implanted at the time of the initial repair. They have been shown capable of measuring intrasac pressures that have appropriately responded to reinterventions for @entity3 . However, are they the answer we are looking for? Are they ready for widespread use? Do they offer a reliable and consistent measure of intrasac pressure that can be trusted to determine the need, or lack of need, for further therapy? Our debaters will try to convince us one way or another.

title: Are intrasac pressure measurements useful after endovascular repair of XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves clinical outcome in selected @entity0 with advanced @entity1 . The Overlay Ref technique may facilitate the procedure for implanting left ventricular (LV) pacing leads to deliver CRT. AIM: To assess the feasibility of deploying a LV pacing lead into a coronary sinus side branch guided by Overlay Ref. METHODS: Data from 88 consecutive @entity0 who met the CRT implantation criteria in our hospital between 28 November 2007 and 30 December 2009 were randomly assigned to two groups. Forty-four @entity0 underwent CRT device implantation using Overlay Ref to guide target vein selection and advance a specifically designed pacing lead into the target vein (Overlay Ref group); 44 @entity0 were conventionally implanted (control group). RESULTS: LV lead implantation was successful in all @entity0 . Mean CRT total procedure times (skin-to-skin) were: Overlay Ref group, 80.7    18.0 min; control group, 98.5    32.2 min; p = 0.029. Mean placement of LV pacing lead into target vein times were: Overlay Ref group, 16.2    7.7 min; control group, 36.4    23.4 min; p=0.004. Mean total fluoroscopy times were: Overlay Ref group, 13.6    4.3 min; control group, 23.8    15.7 min; p=0.007. Mean LV lead fluoroscopy times were: Overlay Ref group, 5.7    2.9 min; control group, 14.4    4.6 min; p=0.003. No major complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Overlay Ref facilitates location of and entry into the coronary sinus, and shortens the duration of LV pacing lead implantation into the target vein.

title: Initial clinical experience with implantation of left ventricular lead guided by Overlay Ref for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Morgagni @entity1 is an uncommon type of @entity2 whose pathophysiology is not clear. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate morbidity, mortality, and treatment outcomes in 13 cases of Morgagni @entity1 treated with the subcostal approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1993 and 2009, 13 @entity0 with Morgagni @entity1 were operated in our department. Of the 13 @entity0 with a median age of 65 years (range: 13-78), 12 were female. Chest roentgenograms, thorax computed tomography (CT), and barium enema roentgenographic studies were used as diagnostic utilities. The contents of the @entity1 , as diagnosed with CT and confirmed at surgery, were omentum and colon in all @entity0 . RESULTS: All the @entity0 were operated electively except one @entity0 on ventilation treatment. Transabdominal repair with the subcostal approach was performed in all @entity0 . There was no operative morbidity and mortality. The median hospital stay was 8 days (range: 6-14 days). There was no recurrence during the follow-up of 48.8 months (1-132 months). CONCLUSION: We recommend the transabdominal subcostal approach in @entity0 with Morgagni @entity1 for surgical exposure, easy repair of the @entity1 sac, and low morbidity.

title: Transabdominal subcostal approach in surgical management of Morgagni XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Certain @entity1 antigens have been identified that stimulate an immune response, thus making them targets for immunotherapy. @entity8 , @entity7 , and @entity6 are such antigens. This study was undertaken to determine their presence or absence in head and neck @entity5 and to correlate this with @entity0 characteristics. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IH) were used to identify @entity8 , @entity7 , and @entity6 in surgical specimens. @entity0 data (previous treatment, gender, age, primary site, metastasis, @entity1 grade, @entity1 stage, smoking history, and @entity2 history) were collected by chart review and examined for correlation with presence or absence of antigen. RESULTS: Three @entity1 were found to be positive for @entity8 by RT-PCR. All of these @entity1 were also positive for @entity7 and @entity6 . IH was only positive for @entity8 in one @entity0 . Eighteen of the 45 @entity1 (40%) were positive for @entity7 by RT-PCR. By IH, only six @entity1 were positive for @entity7 . Five (83.3%) of those that were positive by IH were positive by RT-PCR. Twenty of the 45 @entity1 (44.4%) were positive for @entity6 by RT-PCR. By IH, 12 @entity1 were positive for @entity6 . Nine (75%) of those positive by IH were also positive by RT-PCR. Overall, of the 45 @entity1 , 27 (60%) were positive by RT-PCR for at least one of the antigens. None of the @entity0 characteristics correlated with the presence or absence of antigen. CONCLUSIONS: There is high expression of @entity7 and @entity6 antigens in @entity3 , whereas @entity8 is not significantly expressed. IH correlates but is not as sensitive as RT-PCR for detection of these antigens. There is no correlation between antigen expression and @entity0 data. On the basis of the high levels of @entity7 and @entity6 expression, use of these antigens may serve as a potential approach to immunotherapy for @entity4 from head and neck sources.

title: Identification of @entity8 , @entity7 , and XXXX in head and @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Certain @entity1 antigens have been identified that stimulate an immune response, thus making them targets for immunotherapy. @entity8 , @entity7 , and @entity6 are such antigens. This study was undertaken to determine their presence or absence in head and neck @entity5 and to correlate this with @entity0 characteristics. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IH) were used to identify @entity8 , @entity7 , and @entity6 in surgical specimens. @entity0 data (previous treatment, gender, age, primary site, metastasis, @entity1 grade, @entity1 stage, smoking history, and @entity2 history) were collected by chart review and examined for correlation with presence or absence of antigen. RESULTS: Three @entity1 were found to be positive for @entity8 by RT-PCR. All of these @entity1 were also positive for @entity7 and @entity6 . IH was only positive for @entity8 in one @entity0 . Eighteen of the 45 @entity1 (40%) were positive for @entity7 by RT-PCR. By IH, only six @entity1 were positive for @entity7 . Five (83.3%) of those that were positive by IH were positive by RT-PCR. Twenty of the 45 @entity1 (44.4%) were positive for @entity6 by RT-PCR. By IH, 12 @entity1 were positive for @entity6 . Nine (75%) of those positive by IH were also positive by RT-PCR. Overall, of the 45 @entity1 , 27 (60%) were positive by RT-PCR for at least one of the antigens. None of the @entity0 characteristics correlated with the presence or absence of antigen. CONCLUSIONS: There is high expression of @entity7 and @entity6 antigens in @entity3 , whereas @entity8 is not significantly expressed. IH correlates but is not as sensitive as RT-PCR for detection of these antigens. There is no correlation between antigen expression and @entity0 data. On the basis of the high levels of @entity7 and @entity6 expression, use of these antigens may serve as a potential approach to immunotherapy for @entity4 from head and neck sources.

title: Identification of XXXX , @entity7 , and @entity6 in head and @entity3 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Certain @entity1 antigens have been identified that stimulate an immune response, thus making them targets for immunotherapy. @entity8 , @entity7 , and @entity6 are such antigens. This study was undertaken to determine their presence or absence in head and neck @entity5 and to correlate this with @entity0 characteristics. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IH) were used to identify @entity8 , @entity7 , and @entity6 in surgical specimens. @entity0 data (previous treatment, gender, age, primary site, metastasis, @entity1 grade, @entity1 stage, smoking history, and @entity2 history) were collected by chart review and examined for correlation with presence or absence of antigen. RESULTS: Three @entity1 were found to be positive for @entity8 by RT-PCR. All of these @entity1 were also positive for @entity7 and @entity6 . IH was only positive for @entity8 in one @entity0 . Eighteen of the 45 @entity1 (40%) were positive for @entity7 by RT-PCR. By IH, only six @entity1 were positive for @entity7 . Five (83.3%) of those that were positive by IH were positive by RT-PCR. Twenty of the 45 @entity1 (44.4%) were positive for @entity6 by RT-PCR. By IH, 12 @entity1 were positive for @entity6 . Nine (75%) of those positive by IH were also positive by RT-PCR. Overall, of the 45 @entity1 , 27 (60%) were positive by RT-PCR for at least one of the antigens. None of the @entity0 characteristics correlated with the presence or absence of antigen. CONCLUSIONS: There is high expression of @entity7 and @entity6 antigens in @entity3 , whereas @entity8 is not significantly expressed. IH correlates but is not as sensitive as RT-PCR for detection of these antigens. There is no correlation between antigen expression and @entity0 data. On the basis of the high levels of @entity7 and @entity6 expression, use of these antigens may serve as a potential approach to immunotherapy for @entity4 from head and neck sources.

title: Identification of @entity8 , @entity7 , and @entity6 in head and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Certain @entity1 antigens have been identified that stimulate an immune response, thus making them targets for immunotherapy. @entity8 , @entity7 , and @entity6 are such antigens. This study was undertaken to determine their presence or absence in head and neck @entity5 and to correlate this with @entity0 characteristics. METHODS: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IH) were used to identify @entity8 , @entity7 , and @entity6 in surgical specimens. @entity0 data (previous treatment, gender, age, primary site, metastasis, @entity1 grade, @entity1 stage, smoking history, and @entity2 history) were collected by chart review and examined for correlation with presence or absence of antigen. RESULTS: Three @entity1 were found to be positive for @entity8 by RT-PCR. All of these @entity1 were also positive for @entity7 and @entity6 . IH was only positive for @entity8 in one @entity0 . Eighteen of the 45 @entity1 (40%) were positive for @entity7 by RT-PCR. By IH, only six @entity1 were positive for @entity7 . Five (83.3%) of those that were positive by IH were positive by RT-PCR. Twenty of the 45 @entity1 (44.4%) were positive for @entity6 by RT-PCR. By IH, 12 @entity1 were positive for @entity6 . Nine (75%) of those positive by IH were also positive by RT-PCR. Overall, of the 45 @entity1 , 27 (60%) were positive by RT-PCR for at least one of the antigens. None of the @entity0 characteristics correlated with the presence or absence of antigen. CONCLUSIONS: There is high expression of @entity7 and @entity6 antigens in @entity3 , whereas @entity8 is not significantly expressed. IH correlates but is not as sensitive as RT-PCR for detection of these antigens. There is no correlation between antigen expression and @entity0 data. On the basis of the high levels of @entity7 and @entity6 expression, use of these antigens may serve as a potential approach to immunotherapy for @entity4 from head and neck sources.

title: Identification of @entity8 , XXXX , and @entity6 in head and @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Workers exposed to low doses of radiation can provide information regarding @entity3 risks that are of public concern. However, characterizing risk at low doses requires large populations and ideally should include a large proportion of @entity1 , both of which rarely are available. METHODS: Among 90305 radiologic technologists in the U.S. (77% @entity1 ) who were followed during 1983-1998, data concerning incident @entity3 occurrence was obtained from mailed questionnaires and from death records. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were computed using age-specific, gender-specific, race-specific, and calendar year-specific @entity3 rates from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. RESULTS: The SIR for all @entity3 in both genders combined was 1.04 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.00-1.07; n = 3292 technologists). Female technologists had an elevated risk for all solid @entity3 combined (SIR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.10; n = 2168 @entity1 ) and for @entity0 (SIR = 1.16; 95% CI, 1.09-1.23; n = 970 @entity1 ), @entity5 (SIR = 1.66; 95% CI, 1.43-1.89; n = 181 @entity1 ), and @entity4 (SIR = 1.54; 95% CI, 1.24-1.83; n = 107 @entity1 ). Male technologists experienced a decreased risk for solid @entity3 (SIR = 0.92; 95% CI, 0.85-0.98; n = 755 @entity1 ); however, @entity5 (SIR = 1.39; 95% CI, 1.00-1.79; n = 56 @entity1 ) and @entity4 ( @entity6 .23; 95% CI, 1.29-3.59; n = 17 @entity1 ) were increased. Among both genders, the risks were decreased for buccal cavity/ @entity3 (SIR = 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55-0.90; n = 54 technologists), @entity3 (SIR = 0.62; 95% CI 0.48-0.76; n = 53 technologists), and @entity2 (SIR = 0.77, 95% CI, 0.70-0.85; n = 307 technologists). CONCLUSIONS: The elevated risk for @entity0 may have been related to occupational radiation exposure. The observed excesses of @entity5 and @entity4 may reflect, at least in part, earlier detection among medical workers with easy access to health care.

title: XXXX incidence in the US radiologic technologists health study, 1983-1998.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 while driving have been reported in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 , and termed @entity1 because they were reported to be irresistible and to occur without warning. We postulate that these episodes are due to excessive @entity1 secondary to the high frequency of @entity1 in @entity2 @entity0 and the sedative effects of dopaminergic medications. We assessed the frequency and relationship between excess @entity1 and @entity1 while driving (SE) in @entity0 with @entity2 . We evaluated 101 consecutive @entity2 @entity0 presenting to the @entity3 Center at the Mount Sinai School of @entity4 using a questionnaire that incorporated a subjective estimate of @entity1 , the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and information on disease severity and dopaminergic medications. One hundred age-matched respondents without @entity2 served as a control population. Excess @entity1 was reported in 76% of @entity2 @entity0 compared to 47% of controls (P < 0.05). The mean @entity1 scores for @entity2 @entity0 was 9.1 +/- 6.1 versus 5.7 +/- 4.4 in controls (P < 0.001). @entity1 scores > or =10 were observed in 40.6% of @entity2 @entity0 compared to 19% of controls (P < 0.01) and 24% of @entity2 @entity0 had scores > or =15, compared to 5% of controls (P < 0.001). Sleep episodes while driving were experienced by 20.8% of @entity2 drivers compared to 6% of control drivers (P < 0.05). The mean daily levodopa (L-dopa) dose equivalent was 1,142 +/- 858 mg in @entity2 drivers who experienced a SE while driving compared to 626 +/- 667 mg in those who had not (P < 0.05). Similarly, @entity1 was significantly greater in drivers with a SE than in those without (11.6 +/- 6.4 vs. 8.4 +/- 4.1; P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that @entity1 and mean daily L-dopa dose equivalents were predictors of @entity1 while driving, whereas age, gender, disease severity, and individual dopaminergic agents were not. These findings support the notion that @entity1 while driving in @entity2 @entity0 are related to excess @entity1 and dopaminergic load. Physicians should advise and treat @entity0 accordingly.

title: Sleepiness in XXXX : a controlled study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown @entity2 (recombinant @entity0 @entity2 [ @entity3 ]) to be effective in reducing the requirements for platelet transfusions after myelosuppressive chemotherapy in @entity0 who have previously experienced @entity1 . The economic consequences of the routine use of this platelet growth factor and the usual standard of platelet transfusions for prophylaxis of severe chemotherapy-induced @entity1 have not been compared. METHODS: The authors constructed a decision-analytic model to compare the alternatives of @entity3 versus usual care using probability, outcome, and cost data from previously published clinical trials and their own institutional sources. They incorporated the costs of platelet transfusions and adverse events from @entity3 into the analysis. Quality-of-life outcomes were not considered. The pharmacoeconomic analysis was based on the criterion of cost minimization from the payer's perspective. RESULTS: The expected cost of the usual care strategy for prophylaxis of severe @entity1 (transfusion when platelets < 20000 microL(-1)) was US dollars 3495 for a 3-week cycle of chemotherapy. The prophylactic @entity3 strategy was more expensive, with an expected cost of US dollars 5328 over the same time period. Nonetheless, it was associated with fewer platelet transfusions, avoiding an average of 6.7 U compared with usual care. The savings from avoidance of platelet transfusion and adverse reactions to transfusion from the use of @entity3 were not offset by the substantial cost of the pharmaceutical. The greater expected costs from the @entity3 strategy were relatively insensitive to the unit price and efficacy of @entity3 and the costs of platelet transfusions and monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: From the payer's perspective, @entity3 cannot be considered a cost-saving clinical strategy compared with routine platelet transfusions for @entity0 with severe chemotherapy-induced @entity1 .

title: Pharmacoeconomic analysis of @entity2 (recombinant @entity0 XXXX ) for secondary prophylaxis of @entity1 in solid tumor @entity0 receiving chemotherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown @entity2 (recombinant @entity0 @entity2 [ @entity3 ]) to be effective in reducing the requirements for platelet transfusions after myelosuppressive chemotherapy in @entity0 who have previously experienced @entity1 . The economic consequences of the routine use of this platelet growth factor and the usual standard of platelet transfusions for prophylaxis of severe chemotherapy-induced @entity1 have not been compared. METHODS: The authors constructed a decision-analytic model to compare the alternatives of @entity3 versus usual care using probability, outcome, and cost data from previously published clinical trials and their own institutional sources. They incorporated the costs of platelet transfusions and adverse events from @entity3 into the analysis. Quality-of-life outcomes were not considered. The pharmacoeconomic analysis was based on the criterion of cost minimization from the payer's perspective. RESULTS: The expected cost of the usual care strategy for prophylaxis of severe @entity1 (transfusion when platelets < 20000 microL(-1)) was US dollars 3495 for a 3-week cycle of chemotherapy. The prophylactic @entity3 strategy was more expensive, with an expected cost of US dollars 5328 over the same time period. Nonetheless, it was associated with fewer platelet transfusions, avoiding an average of 6.7 U compared with usual care. The savings from avoidance of platelet transfusion and adverse reactions to transfusion from the use of @entity3 were not offset by the substantial cost of the pharmaceutical. The greater expected costs from the @entity3 strategy were relatively insensitive to the unit price and efficacy of @entity3 and the costs of platelet transfusions and monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: From the payer's perspective, @entity3 cannot be considered a cost-saving clinical strategy compared with routine platelet transfusions for @entity0 with severe chemotherapy-induced @entity1 .

title: Pharmacoeconomic analysis of XXXX (recombinant @entity0 @entity2 ) for secondary prophylaxis of @entity1 in solid tumor @entity0 receiving chemotherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown @entity2 (recombinant @entity0 @entity2 [ @entity3 ]) to be effective in reducing the requirements for platelet transfusions after myelosuppressive chemotherapy in @entity0 who have previously experienced @entity1 . The economic consequences of the routine use of this platelet growth factor and the usual standard of platelet transfusions for prophylaxis of severe chemotherapy-induced @entity1 have not been compared. METHODS: The authors constructed a decision-analytic model to compare the alternatives of @entity3 versus usual care using probability, outcome, and cost data from previously published clinical trials and their own institutional sources. They incorporated the costs of platelet transfusions and adverse events from @entity3 into the analysis. Quality-of-life outcomes were not considered. The pharmacoeconomic analysis was based on the criterion of cost minimization from the payer's perspective. RESULTS: The expected cost of the usual care strategy for prophylaxis of severe @entity1 (transfusion when platelets < 20000 microL(-1)) was US dollars 3495 for a 3-week cycle of chemotherapy. The prophylactic @entity3 strategy was more expensive, with an expected cost of US dollars 5328 over the same time period. Nonetheless, it was associated with fewer platelet transfusions, avoiding an average of 6.7 U compared with usual care. The savings from avoidance of platelet transfusion and adverse reactions to transfusion from the use of @entity3 were not offset by the substantial cost of the pharmaceutical. The greater expected costs from the @entity3 strategy were relatively insensitive to the unit price and efficacy of @entity3 and the costs of platelet transfusions and monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: From the payer's perspective, @entity3 cannot be considered a cost-saving clinical strategy compared with routine platelet transfusions for @entity0 with severe chemotherapy-induced @entity1 .

title: Pharmacoeconomic analysis of @entity2 (recombinant @entity0 @entity2 ) for secondary prophylaxis of XXXX in solid tumor @entity0 receiving chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown @entity2 (recombinant @entity0 @entity2 [ @entity3 ]) to be effective in reducing the requirements for platelet transfusions after myelosuppressive chemotherapy in @entity0 who have previously experienced @entity1 . The economic consequences of the routine use of this platelet growth factor and the usual standard of platelet transfusions for prophylaxis of severe chemotherapy-induced @entity1 have not been compared. METHODS: The authors constructed a decision-analytic model to compare the alternatives of @entity3 versus usual care using probability, outcome, and cost data from previously published clinical trials and their own institutional sources. They incorporated the costs of platelet transfusions and adverse events from @entity3 into the analysis. Quality-of-life outcomes were not considered. The pharmacoeconomic analysis was based on the criterion of cost minimization from the payer's perspective. RESULTS: The expected cost of the usual care strategy for prophylaxis of severe @entity1 (transfusion when platelets < 20000 microL(-1)) was US dollars 3495 for a 3-week cycle of chemotherapy. The prophylactic @entity3 strategy was more expensive, with an expected cost of US dollars 5328 over the same time period. Nonetheless, it was associated with fewer platelet transfusions, avoiding an average of 6.7 U compared with usual care. The savings from avoidance of platelet transfusion and adverse reactions to transfusion from the use of @entity3 were not offset by the substantial cost of the pharmaceutical. The greater expected costs from the @entity3 strategy were relatively insensitive to the unit price and efficacy of @entity3 and the costs of platelet transfusions and monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: From the payer's perspective, @entity3 cannot be considered a cost-saving clinical strategy compared with routine platelet transfusions for @entity0 with severe chemotherapy-induced @entity1 .

title: Pharmacoeconomic analysis of @entity2 (recombinant XXXX @entity2 ) for secondary prophylaxis of @entity1 in solid tumor @entity0 receiving chemotherapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research has shown @entity2 (recombinant @entity0 @entity2 [ @entity3 ]) to be effective in reducing the requirements for platelet transfusions after myelosuppressive chemotherapy in @entity0 who have previously experienced @entity1 . The economic consequences of the routine use of this platelet growth factor and the usual standard of platelet transfusions for prophylaxis of severe chemotherapy-induced @entity1 have not been compared. METHODS: The authors constructed a decision-analytic model to compare the alternatives of @entity3 versus usual care using probability, outcome, and cost data from previously published clinical trials and their own institutional sources. They incorporated the costs of platelet transfusions and adverse events from @entity3 into the analysis. Quality-of-life outcomes were not considered. The pharmacoeconomic analysis was based on the criterion of cost minimization from the payer's perspective. RESULTS: The expected cost of the usual care strategy for prophylaxis of severe @entity1 (transfusion when platelets < 20000 microL(-1)) was US dollars 3495 for a 3-week cycle of chemotherapy. The prophylactic @entity3 strategy was more expensive, with an expected cost of US dollars 5328 over the same time period. Nonetheless, it was associated with fewer platelet transfusions, avoiding an average of 6.7 U compared with usual care. The savings from avoidance of platelet transfusion and adverse reactions to transfusion from the use of @entity3 were not offset by the substantial cost of the pharmaceutical. The greater expected costs from the @entity3 strategy were relatively insensitive to the unit price and efficacy of @entity3 and the costs of platelet transfusions and monitoring. CONCLUSIONS: From the payer's perspective, @entity3 cannot be considered a cost-saving clinical strategy compared with routine platelet transfusions for @entity0 with severe chemotherapy-induced @entity1 .

title: Pharmacoeconomic analysis of @entity2 (recombinant @entity0 @entity2 ) for secondary prophylaxis of @entity1 in solid tumor XXXX receiving chemotherapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Hip shape by @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is associated with hip radiographic @entity1 (rOA). We examined associations between hip shape and knee rOA given the biomechanical interrelationships between these joints. METHODS: Bilateral baseline hip shape assessments [for those with at least 1 hip with a Kellgren-Lawrence @entity2 grading scale (KL) 0 or 1] from the Johnston County @entity1 Project were available. Proximal femur shape was defined on baseline pelvis radiographs and evaluated by @entity4 , producing mean shape and continuous variables representing independent modes of variation (14 modes = 95% of shape variance). Outcomes included prevalent [baseline KL >=  2 or total knee replacement (TKR)], incident (baseline @entity5 with followup >=  2), and progressive knee rOA (KL increase of >=  1 or TKR). Limb-based logistic regression models for @entity3 were adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), and hip rOA, accounting for intraperson correlations. RESULTS: We evaluated 681 hips and 682 knees from 342 individuals (61% @entity0 , 83% white, mean age 62 yrs, BMI 29 kg/m(2)). Ninety-nine knees (15%) had prevalent rOA (4 knees with TKR). Lower modes 2 and 3 scores were associated with ipsilateral prevalent knee rOA, and only lower mode 3 scores were associated with contralateral prevalent knee rOA. No statistically significant associations were seen for incident or progressive knee rOA. CONCLUSION: Variations in hip shape were associated with prevalent, but not incident or progressive, knee rOA in this cohort, and may reflect biomechanical differences between limbs, genetic influences, or common factors related to both hip shape and knee rOA.

title: Variations in Hip Shape Are Associated with Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis: Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Analyses of the Johnston County XXXX Project.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECT: Hemifacial @entity6 (HFS) is caused by arterial or venous @entity7 VII at its root exit zone. Traditionally, microvascular decompression of the facial nerve has been an effective treatment for posterior inferior and anterior @entity8 as well as venous compression. The traditional technique involves Teflon felt or another construct to cushion the offending vessel from the facial nerve, or cautery and division of the offending vein. However, using this technique for severe vertebral artery (VA) compression can be ineffective and fraught with complications. The authors report the use of a new technique of VA pexy to the petrous or clival dura mater in @entity0 with HFS attributed to a severely ectatic and tortuous VA, and detail the results in a series of @entity0 . METHODS: Six @entity0 with HFS due to VA compression underwent a retrosigmoid craniotomy, combined with a far-lateral approach in some @entity0 . On identification of the site of VA compression, the vessel was mobilized adequately for the decompression. Great care was taken to avoid kinking the perforating vessels arising from the VA. Two 8-0 nylon sutures were passed through to the wall of the VA and then through the clival or petrous dura, and then tied to alleviate compression on cranial nerve VII. RESULTS: @entity0 were followed for at least 1 year postoperatively (mean 2.7 years, range 1-4 years). All 6 @entity0 had complete resolution of their HFS. Facial function was tested postoperatively, and was stable when compared with the preoperative baseline. Two of the 3 @entity0 with preoperative @entity2 had resolution of this symptom after the procedure. Postoperative imaging demonstrated VA decompression of the facial nerve and no evidence of @entity1 in all @entity0 . One @entity0 suffered from @entity3 , another developed a postoperative transient unilateral vocal @entity5 , and a third @entity0 developed a pseudomeningocele that resolved with the placement of a lumbar drain. CONCLUSIONS: Hemifacial @entity6 and other @entity4 are effectively treated by repositioning the compressing artery. Careful study of the preoperative MR images may identify a select group of @entity0 with HFS due to an ectatic VA. Rather than traditional decompression with only pledget placement, these @entity0 may benefit from a VA pexy to provide an effective, safe, and durable resolution of their symptoms while minimizing surgical complications.

title: Vertebral artery pexy for microvascular decompression of the facial nerve in the treatment of hemifacial XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated the possible changes in lower urinary tract function in @entity1 fed a high fat diet (HFD). METHODS: Male C57BL/6J @entity1 were divided into two different feed groups: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and HFD (n = 16 in each). The body weight, blood @entity4 level and voiding frequency/volume (FV) relations (for 24 h) were measured every 4 weeks. At 25 weeks old, blood pressure and heart rate, cystometry and isolated detrusor smooth muscle function were measured. After the experiments, serum fat level was measured. RESULTS: The body weight and blood @entity4 level of the HFD group were significantly higher than those of the @entity7 group after 9 weeks old. In the FV measurements, the mean voided volume was not significantly different between the two groups, although voiding frequency, total voided volume and water intake volume in the HFD group were significantly lower than those in the @entity7 group. At 25 weeks old, the mean heart rate in the HFD group was significantly higher than that in the @entity7 group, but no significant difference in the blood pressure was observed. None of the cystometric parameters analyzed showed significant differences between the two groups. The contractile response to either @entity8 or high @entity6 was not significantly different, whereas the contractile response to electrical field stimulation was significantly higher in the HFD group. In the HFD group, the mean total @entity2 level was significantly higher. CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that HFD-feeding for 20 weeks in @entity1 unlikely affects bladder function even though it induced @entity0 , @entity3 and @entity5 .

title: Influence of High Fat Diet Feeding for 20 Weeks on Lower Urinary Tract Function in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The alpha and beta subunits of @entity0 pituitary thyrotropin were prepared by a process developed earlier. Each subunit preparation contained four isoforms which were isolated by preparative agarose-suspension electrophoresis. The alpha subunit isoforms were homogeneous upon examination by analytical electrophoresis in @entity2 gel. Contrarily, the isolated beta subunit isoforms were always to some extent contaminated by the adjacent more acidic component. This was considered to show a transformation of these forms favoured by @entity3 ions. @entity1 analysis revealed no differences between the alpha isoforms nor between the beta isoforms, and the @entity1 compositions were in very good agreement with those earlier obtained for multi-alpha and multi-beta preparations. Attempts to recombine different alpha and beta isoforms were made at pH 7.0. The activities of recombined @entity4 (in terms of MRC Research Standard A) ranged from 1.1 unit/mg (recombination of two minor components) to 3.5 units/mg (recombination of two major components). The activities of native and recombined thyrotropins as well as the subunit activities were followed by radioimmunoassays. The activity of native thyrotropin as a function of time was studied under different storage conditions. The subunit activities were also measured. All conditions resulted in a decrease in the thytrotropin activity (about 40% in 10 weeks). This decrease was not due to dissociation as the subunit activities remained approximately constant.

title: XXXX pituitary thyrotropin. Isolation and recombination of subunit isoforms.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the prevalence of and risk factors in @entity0 with @entity2 at a general medical clinic in Naha, Japan. METHODS: We enrolled @entity0 who had been regularly followed-up at a general medical clinic in Naha. @entity0 were asked to complete a self-reported questionnaire regarding medical history and the frequency of nocturnal voids in the last month with anonymity. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression tests were used to evaluate the risk factors for clinically significant @entity2 . RESULTS: In total, 357 @entity0 ( @entity0 , 192; @entity0 , 165; mean age, 60   years) were eligible for analysis. The prevalence rate of clinically significant @entity2 in @entity0 was 33.8%. Univariate, as well as multivariate, analysis revealed that age, gender, and @entity1 were significant risk factors for @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Clinically significant @entity2 is common among @entity0 seen at a general medical clinic. Age and gender are the most definitive risk factors for @entity2 . @entity1 may also be related to @entity2 . Thus, it is important to evaluate not only urological problems but other medical problems in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Prevalence and Risk Factors for XXXX in an Outpatient Clinic.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The Fontan procedure was initially proposed for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). We describe our experience with modifications of this operation and its application to previously uncorrectable @entity1 . From 1975 to 1979, 26 @entity0 have undergone a Fontan-like procedure, at a mean age of 14 years (range: 3 months to 23 years). Nineteen @entity0 had @entity4 , one @entity0 had mitral @entity5 , four @entity0 had a univentricular heart, one @entity0 had a "criss-cross" heart, and one @entity0 had @entity5 . Previous procedures included eight Glenn shunts, 18 @entity3 (PA) shunts, two PA bands, and two atrial septectomies. Thirteen @entity0 underwent @entity6 ( @entity6 ) to PA connections, with a valved conduit in nine @entity0 and without in four. Two @entity0 had simultaneous Glenn shunts. Thirteen had @entity6 to right ventricular (RV) conduits, with a valve in 12 @entity0 and without in one. There were five early @entity2 (<30 days, 19%) and no significant difference between the @entity6 to PA connection (four @entity2 of 13) versus the @entity6 to RV connection (one death of 13). The mortality rate was higher in @entity0 undergoing @entity6 to PA connection without valved conduit (one death of nine with a valve, three @entity2 of four without, p < 0.05), while the Glenn shunt did not affect mortality (one death of seven with, three of six without, p < 0.1). There were no late @entity2 (mean follow-up: 24 months). Seven @entity0 underwent recatheterization with a mean @entity6 pressure of 14 mmHg (range: 9--25 mmHg). Thus, the "Fontan" procedure can be done with an acceptably low mortality with good functional results, both for @entity4 and other complex lesions.

title: Results of @entity6 to right ventricular and right XXXX for complex congenital heart disease.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The Fontan procedure was initially proposed for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). We describe our experience with modifications of this operation and its application to previously uncorrectable @entity1 . From 1975 to 1979, 26 @entity0 have undergone a Fontan-like procedure, at a mean age of 14 years (range: 3 months to 23 years). Nineteen @entity0 had @entity4 , one @entity0 had mitral @entity5 , four @entity0 had a univentricular heart, one @entity0 had a "criss-cross" heart, and one @entity0 had @entity5 . Previous procedures included eight Glenn shunts, 18 @entity3 (PA) shunts, two PA bands, and two atrial septectomies. Thirteen @entity0 underwent @entity6 ( @entity6 ) to PA connections, with a valved conduit in nine @entity0 and without in four. Two @entity0 had simultaneous Glenn shunts. Thirteen had @entity6 to right ventricular (RV) conduits, with a valve in 12 @entity0 and without in one. There were five early @entity2 (<30 days, 19%) and no significant difference between the @entity6 to PA connection (four @entity2 of 13) versus the @entity6 to RV connection (one death of 13). The mortality rate was higher in @entity0 undergoing @entity6 to PA connection without valved conduit (one death of nine with a valve, three @entity2 of four without, p < 0.05), while the Glenn shunt did not affect mortality (one death of seven with, three of six without, p < 0.1). There were no late @entity2 (mean follow-up: 24 months). Seven @entity0 underwent recatheterization with a mean @entity6 pressure of 14 mmHg (range: 9--25 mmHg). Thus, the "Fontan" procedure can be done with an acceptably low mortality with good functional results, both for @entity4 and other complex lesions.

title: Results of XXXX to right ventricular and right @entity3 for complex congenital heart disease.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the clinical characteristics of blood @entity3 (BCNE) and how it compares to those of blood culture-positive @entity3 (BCPE) cases and show how molecular tools helped establish the etiology in BCNE. METHODS: Adult @entity0 with @entity3 (IE) and having valve surgery were included. Valves were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical analysis compared BCNE and BCPE. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-one @entity0 were included; 53 (40  %) had BCNE. The mean age was 45      16  years; 33 (62  %) were male. BCNE was community-acquired in 41 (79  %). Most @entity0 were referred from other hospitals (38, 73  %). Presentation was subacute in 34 (65  %), with fever in 47/53 (90  %) and a new regurgitant murmur in 34/42 (81  %). Native valves were affected in 74  %, mostly left-sided. All echocardiograms showed major criteria for IE. Antibiotics were used prior to BC collection in 31/42 (74  %). Definite histological diagnosis was established for 35/50 (70  %) valves. PCR showed oralis group streptococci in 21 (54  %), @entity2 in 3 (7.7  %), gallolyticus group streptococci in 2 (5.1  %), @entity5 in 1 (2.5  %) and Rhizobium sp. in 1 (2.5  %). In-hospital mortality was 9/53 (17  %). Fever (p  =  0.06, OR 4.7, CI 0.91-24.38) and @entity4 (p  =  0.003, OR 3.3, CI 1.55-6.82) were more frequent in BCPE cases, while new acute regurgitation (p  =  0.05, OR 0.3, CI 0.098-0.996) and @entity1 (p  =  0.02, OR 0.3, CI 0.13-0.79) were less so. CONCLUSIONS: BCNE resulted mostly from prior antibiotics and was associated with severe hemodynamic compromise. Valve histopathology and PCR were useful in confirming the diagnosis and pointing to the etiology of BCNE.

title: Diagnosis of blood XXXX and clinical comparison between blood culture-negative and blood culture-positive cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The American Association for the Surgery of @entity1 (AAST) has developed a new grading system for uniform description of anatomic severity of Emergency General Surgery (EGS) diseases, ranging from Grade I (mild) to Grade V (severe). The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of AAST grades for acute @entity3 with @entity0 outcomes. A secondary purpose was to propose an EGS Quality Improvement Program (EQIP) using risk-adjusted center outcomes, similar to NSQIP and TQIP methodology. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of 1105 @entity0 (one @entity2 ) from 13 centers. At each center, 2 reviewers (blinded to each other's assignments) assigned AAST grades. Inter-rater reliability was measured using kappa coefficient. Relationship between AAST grade and clinical events (complications, intensive care unit use, surgical intervention, and 30-day readmission), as well as length of stay, was measured using regression analyses to control for age, comorbidities, and physiologic status at the time of admission. Final model was also used to calculate observed-to-expected (O-E) ratios for adverse outcomes ( @entity2 , complications, readmissions) for each center. RESULTS: Median age was 54 years, 52% were males, 43% were minorities, and 22% required a surgical intervention. Almost two-thirds had Grade I or II disease. There was high level of agreement for grades between reviewers (kappa 0.81). Regression analysis showed that higher disease grades were independently associated with all clinical events and length of stay, after adjusting for age, comorbidities, and physiology. O-E ratios showed one center with significantly lower-than-expected risk of @entity2 , complications, and readmissions. CONCLUSIONS: AAST grades for acute @entity3 are independently associated with clinical outcomes and resource use. EQIP methodology that incorporates AAST grade, age, comorbidities, and physiologic status may be used for measuring quality of EGS care. High-quality EGS registries are essential for developing meaningful quality metrics. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V - Retrospective Study STUDY TYPE: Retrospective multicenter study.

title: Multicenter validation of American association for the surgery of trauma grading system for acute XXXX and its use for emergency general surgery quality improvement program.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Segmental duplication and deletion were implicated for a region containing the @entity0 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) gene segments, 1.9III/hv3005 (possible allelic variants of @entity4 ) and hv3019b9 (a possible allelic variant of @entity5 ). However, very little is known about the ranges of the duplication and the polymorphic region. This is mainly because of the difficulty associated with distinguishing between allelic and paralogous sequences in the @entity3 region containing extensive repetitive sequences. Inability to separate the two parental haploid genomes in the subjects is another serious barrier. To address these issues, unique DNA sequence tags evenly distributed within and flanking the duplicated region implicated by the previous studies were selected. The selected tags in single sperm from six unrelated healthy donors were amplified by multiplex PCR followed by microarray detection. In this way, individual haplotypes of different parental origins in the sperm donors could be analyzed separately and precisely. The identified polymorphic region was further analyzed at the @entity1 sequence level using sequences from the three @entity0 genomic sequence assemblies in the database. RESULTS: A large polymorphic region was identified using the selected sequence tags. Four of the 12 haplotypes were shown to contain consecutively undetectable tags spanning in a variable range. Detailed analysis of sequences from the genomic sequence assemblies revealed two large duplicate sequence blocks of 24,696 bp and 24,387 bp, respectively, and an incomplete copy of 961 bp in this region. It contains up to 13 @entity3 gene segments depending on haplotypes. A polymorphic region was found to be located within the duplicated blocks. The variants of this polymorphism unusually diverged at the @entity1 sequence level and in @entity3 gene segment number, composition and organization, indicating a limited selection pressure in general. However, the divergence level within the gene segments is significantly different from that in the intergenic regions indicating that these regions may have been subject to different selection pressures and that the @entity3 gene segments in this region are functionally important. CONCLUSIONS: Non-reciprocal genetic rearrangements associated with large duplicate sequence blocks could substantially contribute to the @entity3 region diversity. Since the resulting polymorphisms may affect the number, composition and organization of the gene segments in this region, it may have significant impact on the function of the @entity3 gene segment repertoire, antibody diversity, and therefore, the immune system. Because one of the gene segments, 3-30 (1.9III), is associated with @entity2 , it could be of diagnostic significance to learn about the variants in the haplotypes by using the multiplex haplotype analysis system used in the present study with DNA sequence tags specific for the variants of all gene segments in this region.

title: Segmental duplication as one of the driving forces underlying the diversity of the XXXX immunoglobulin heavy chain variable gene region.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The gradient diffusion of ionic @entity3 micelles in agarose gel was investigated at moderate concentrations above the CMC. Of particular interest were the effects of micelle, gel, and @entity2 concentration on the micelle diffusivity. Holographic interferometry was used to measure the gradient diffusion coefficient at three @entity2 concentrations (0, 0.03, 0.10 M), three gel concentrations (0, 1, 2 wt%), and several surfactant concentrations. Time-resolved fluorescence quenching was used to measure aggregation numbers both in solution and gel. The micelle diffusivity increased linearly with surfactant concentration at the two larger @entity2 concentrations and all gel concentrations. In general, the strength of this effect increased with decreasing @entity2 concentration and increased with gel concentration. This behavior is evidence of decreasing micelle-micelle electrostatic interactions with increasing @entity2 concentrations, and increasing excluded volume effects and hydrodynamic screening with increasing gel concentration, respectively. The only exception was at 0.1M @entity2 and 2 wt% agarose, which showed a slight reduction in the slope compared to 1 wt% agarose. It was found that the concentration effect is quite strong for charged solutes: at a @entity1 concentration of 0.03 M in a 2% agarose gel, in a solution with 3% @entity0 micelles by volume, the micelle diffusion coefficient is doubled relative to its value in the same gel at infinite dilution. The extrapolated, infinite-dilution diffusion coefficients and the rate at which the micelle diffusivity increased with surfactant concentration were compared with predictions of previously published theories in which the micelles are treated as charged, colloidal spheres and the gel as a Brinkman medium. The experimental data and theoretical predictions were in good agreement.

title: Diffusion of XXXX micelles in agarose gels.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the outcome and complications of the use of semirigid ureteroscopy (URS) together with intracorporeal pneumatic lithotripsy in the management of upper @entity3 >10 mm in diameter. METHODS: A total of 75 @entity0 (41 @entity0 and 34 @entity0 ), with a mean age of 48 years (range 25-60), underwent primary URS for solitary radiopaque proximal @entity3 10-20 mm in diameter (average 13.1). Dilation of the intramural ureter was done in 60 cases (80% of @entity0 ), and intracorporeal lithotripsy was required in 56 (74.6%). Ureteral catheters were left for drainage in 60% of @entity0 , 26.7% were left unstented, and only 13.3% required an indwelling stent. RESULTS: Of the 75 stones, 60 (80%) were successfully cleared after a single endoscopic procedure. Our initial stone-free rate was 90.6% at 2 weeks after the primary endoscopic procedure and had reached 98.6% at 3 months. Antegrade URS for migrating stones was done successfully in 6 cases in a tubeless fashion, and open ureterolithotomy was required in 1 case. No major complications were encountered. The minor complications included only mild extravasation and self-limited postoperative @entity1 and @entity2 . The risk factors for URS failure included male gender, the severity of the @entity4 , the severity of impaction, and the occurrence of extravasation. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study have shown that semirigid URS is a safe and successful alternative to open ureterolithotomy in the management of large proximal @entity3 in the absence of flexible instruments.

title: Semirigid ureteroscopy in management of large proximal XXXX : is there still a role in developing countries?

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 with severe @entity1 are treated either in case of @entity2 only (on demand), or with regular infusions of clotting factor to prevent @entity2 (prophylaxis). The introduction of prophylaxis has been hampered by issues of cost and viral safety. In order to compare results and treatment cost of different treatment strategies in adults, three cohorts of @entity0 with severe @entity1 (born 1970-1980) were compared. 106 French @entity0 were treated on demand, 49 Dutch @entity0 were treated with intermediate dose prophylaxis, and 24 Swedish @entity0 were treated with high dose prophylaxis. The annual number of joint @entity2 , and the radiological Pettersson score were used to compare outcome, annual clotting factor consumption was used to compare costs. Prophylaxis reduced @entity2 and @entity3 : @entity0 treated on demand had a median of 11.5 joint @entity2 /year and a median Pettersson score of 16 points, for intermediate dose prophylaxis median @entity2 were 2.8 and Pettersson score was 7 points, and for high dose prophylaxis median @entity2 were 0.5 joint @entity2 and Pettersson score was 4 points. All differences were statistically significant, except the Pettersson scores in both prophylactic regimens. Treatment cost was only increased for high dose prophylaxis: mean clotting factor consumption was 1612 IU kg-1 yr-1 for on demand treatment, 1488 IU kg-1 yr-1 for intermediate dose prophylaxis, and 4012 IU kg-1 yr-1 for high dose prophylaxis. In young adults, the cost of intermediate dose prophylaxis is similar, but outcome is better than for on demand treatment. The cost of high dose prophylaxis is twofold higher, further improving outcome only slightly.

title: Prophylaxis for severe XXXX : clinical and economical issues.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. A method for the preparation of small particles from @entity0 is described. 2. These particles catalyse the @entity1 -driven reduction of @entity3 by @entity5 . 3. @entity1 utilized/ @entity3 produced ratios below 2.0 were measured and a stoicheiometry of 1 molecule of @entity1 utilized per molecule of @entity3 produced is proposed. 4. The reaction is not inhibited by @entity4 or by @entity6 but is inhibited by other uncouplers such as @entity8 and @entity7 . 5. The specificity of the energy source, the specificity of the electron acceptor, the effects of pH, @entity2 , P(i) and temperature have been studied.

title: Studies on energy-linked reactions. Energy-linked reduction of oxidized @entity3 by @entity5 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. A method for the preparation of small particles from @entity0 is described. 2. These particles catalyse the @entity1 -driven reduction of @entity3 by @entity5 . 3. @entity1 utilized/ @entity3 produced ratios below 2.0 were measured and a stoicheiometry of 1 molecule of @entity1 utilized per molecule of @entity3 produced is proposed. 4. The reaction is not inhibited by @entity4 or by @entity6 but is inhibited by other uncouplers such as @entity8 and @entity7 . 5. The specificity of the energy source, the specificity of the electron acceptor, the effects of pH, @entity2 , P(i) and temperature have been studied.

title: Studies on energy-linked reactions. Energy-linked reduction of oxidized XXXX by @entity5 in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. A method for the preparation of small particles from @entity0 is described. 2. These particles catalyse the @entity1 -driven reduction of @entity3 by @entity5 . 3. @entity1 utilized/ @entity3 produced ratios below 2.0 were measured and a stoicheiometry of 1 molecule of @entity1 utilized per molecule of @entity3 produced is proposed. 4. The reaction is not inhibited by @entity4 or by @entity6 but is inhibited by other uncouplers such as @entity8 and @entity7 . 5. The specificity of the energy source, the specificity of the electron acceptor, the effects of pH, @entity2 , P(i) and temperature have been studied.

title: Studies on energy-linked reactions. Energy-linked reduction of oxidized @entity3 by XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The clinical features of short-lasting unilateral @entity1 attacks with conjunctival injection and tearing ( @entity8 ) syndrome have been reviewed in 50 @entity0 reported in the English language literature. @entity8 is a rare condition that predominates slightly in @entity0 . The mean age at onset is 50 years. It is characterized by strictly unilateral attacks centered on the orbital or periorbital regions, forehead, and temple. Generally, the @entity2 is severe and neuralgic in character. The usual duration ranges from 5 to 250 seconds, although the reported range of duration is 2 seconds to 20 minutes. Ipsilateral conjunctival injection and lacrimation are present in most, but not all @entity0 . Most @entity0 are thought to have no refractory periods and this has probably been unreported in the past. Episodic and chronic forms of @entity8 exist. The attack frequency varies from less than one attack daily to more than 60 attacks per hour. The attacks are predominantly diurnal, although frequent nocturnal attacks can occur in some @entity0 . A functional magnetic resonance imaging study in @entity8 has demonstrated @entity3 activation. @entity8 was thought to be highly refractory to treatment. However, recent open-label trials of @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity4 , and intravenous @entity7 have produced beneficial therapeutic responses. These results offer the promise of better treatments for this syndrome, but require validation in controlled trials.

title: Short-lasting unilateral XXXX with conjunctival injection and tearing syndrome: a review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 is usually treated by prosthetic valve replacement. We have performed aortic valve plasty (AVP) using @entity4 -treated autologous pericardium. AVP was performed for 88 @entity0 from April 2007 through August 2009. Sixty-five @entity0 had @entity2 , and 23 @entity0 had @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Twenty-one @entity0 showed bicuspid aortic valves, and one @entity0 showed quadricuspid valve. There were 43 males and 45 females. Their mean age was 70.6  10.5 years old. First, diseased leaflets excised. Then, the distance between each commissure was measured. The new leaflet were trimmed with an original template from a @entity4 -treated autologous pericardium sample. Finally, the annular margin of the pericardial leaflet was running sutured to each annulus. There was no operative mortality or embolic event. Postoperative echocardiography revealed a mean peak pressure gradient (PG) of 19.0  9.1 mmHg one week after surgery. Thirty-two @entity0 had echocardiography one year after surgery. The peak PG became 12.9  5.8 mmHg. Ten @entity0 showed no @entity1 , 20 @entity0 showed trivial @entity1 , and two @entity0 showed mild @entity1 . Freedom from reoperation is 100% at three years follow-up.

title: Aortic valve reconstruction using self-developed XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 is usually treated by prosthetic valve replacement. We have performed aortic valve plasty (AVP) using @entity4 -treated autologous pericardium. AVP was performed for 88 @entity0 from April 2007 through August 2009. Sixty-five @entity0 had @entity2 , and 23 @entity0 had @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Twenty-one @entity0 showed bicuspid aortic valves, and one @entity0 showed quadricuspid valve. There were 43 males and 45 females. Their mean age was 70.6  10.5 years old. First, diseased leaflets excised. Then, the distance between each commissure was measured. The new leaflet were trimmed with an original template from a @entity4 -treated autologous pericardium sample. Finally, the annular margin of the pericardial leaflet was running sutured to each annulus. There was no operative mortality or embolic event. Postoperative echocardiography revealed a mean peak pressure gradient (PG) of 19.0  9.1 mmHg one week after surgery. Thirty-two @entity0 had echocardiography one year after surgery. The peak PG became 12.9  5.8 mmHg. Ten @entity0 showed no @entity1 , 20 @entity0 showed trivial @entity1 , and two @entity0 showed mild @entity1 . Freedom from reoperation is 100% at three years follow-up.

title: Aortic valve reconstruction using self-developed @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: (1) To develop a multiple regression equation using anthropometric measurements to predict back strength and (2) to estimate the effect of practice on the back strength results and back strength predictions. DESIGN: Comparative study with repeated measures performed on three days. BACKGROUND: The assessment of back muscle relative endurance (% maximal strength) requires the measurement of maximal back strength which is problematic with @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: The back strength (L5/S1 static extension moment), age and 26 anthropometric parameters were obtained from 83 male volunteers [42 healthy subjects and 41 @entity1 @entity0 ] aged between 20 and 60 years. A subsample of 20 healthy subjects and 20 @entity0 were assessed through three days of testing to evaluate the variations of back strength with practice. RESULTS: The final regression model (n=42 healthy subjects) explained 39% of the variance in back strength. Back strength increased with practice (Day1<Day2 _ 3) for both healthy and @entity0 groups. However, the error of prediction of back strength derived from the regression model showed a significant improvement with practice for the @entity0 only. CONCLUSIONS: Back strength cannot be predicted from simple anthropometric measures without important errors. The decrease of the error of prediction obtained for the @entity0 group is indicative of a decreasing influence of psychological factors that are independent of motor learning because the effect of motor learning would have occurred on both groups if present. RELEVANCE: The prediction of back strength would be useful to determine (1) the relative force level of a given exercise or (2) the preinjury back strength. Unfortunately, anthropometric measurements are not enough good predictors of back strength.

title: Back strength cannot be predicted accurately from anthropometric measures in subjects with and without XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are limited published data defining complete pleural fluid analysis, echocardiographic characteristics, or the presence or absence of @entity3 on sonographic or CT imaging in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: We reviewed pleural fluid analysis and radiographic, sonographic, and echocardiographic findings in 41 consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 referred to the Pleural Procedure Service for thoracentesis. RESULTS: Ascites was detected on sonographic or CT imaging in 38 of 39 @entity0 (97%). @entity1 was found in 11 of 21 @entity0 (52%). Contrast echocardiography with agitated saline demonstrated an intrapulmonary shunt in 18 of 23 cases (78%). Solitary @entity2 had a median pleural fluid pH of 7.49 (fifth to 95th percentile, 7.40-7.57), total protein level of 1.5 g/dL (0.58-2.34), and @entity4 dehydrogenase (LDH) level of 65 IU/L (36-138). The median pleural fluid/serum protein ratio and pleural LDH/upper limit of normal serum LDH ratio were 0.25 (0.10-0.43) and 0.27 (0.14-0.57), respectively. The median absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was 26 cells/ L (1-230). Only a single @entity0 had a protein discordant exudate despite 83% of @entity0 receiving diuretics. When comparing solitary @entity2 and spontaneous bacterial @entity5 , there was no statistically significant difference among pleural fluid total protein (P = .99), LDH (P = .33), and serum albumin (P = .47). ANC was higher in @entity0 with spontaneous bacterial @entity5 (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Hepatic hydrothorax virtually always presents with @entity3 that is detectable on sonographic or CT imaging. The development of an "exudate" from diuretic therapy is a rare phenomenon in @entity2 . In contrast, @entity1 and intrapulmonary shunting are common in @entity0 with @entity2 . There was no statistically significant change in pleural fluid parameters with spontaneous bacterial @entity5 , except an increased ANC.

title: Pleural fluid analysis and radiographic, sonographic, and echocardiographic characteristics of XXXX .

answer: @entity2