abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of @entity3 as a test for @entity2 in primary care and its impact on referral times using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. METHODS: We identified all @entity0 with a first @entity3 test recorded in the Clinical Practice Research Datalink between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2008 and those diagnosed with @entity2 within 2 years of testing. We calculated likelihood ratios (LRs), sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of @entity3 for a diagnosis of @entity2 . We compared time to hospital referral in those testing positive and negative using Kaplan-Meier failure curves and log-rank tests. RESULTS: Of 62 436 first @entity3 tests, 4679 (7.5%) were positive. There were 1753 incident cases of @entity2 , of which 57.8% were seropositive. The positive LR for @entity3 was 9.5 (95% CI 9.0, 10.0) and the negative LR was 0.5 (95% CI 0.4, 0.5). Sensitivity and specificity were 57.8% (95% CI 55.4%, 60.1%) and 93.9% (95% CI 93.7%, 94.1%) and the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 21.4% (95% CI 20.3%, 22.6%) and 98.7% (95% CI 98.6%, 98.8%), respectively. Median time to first hospital contact after the first @entity3 test in those with seropositive vs seronegative results was 54 days (95% CI 49, 58) vs 150 (95% CI 147, 152). CONCLUSION: Only 2.8% of @entity0 undergoing @entity3 testing were diagnosed with @entity2 , suggesting that @entity3 is used to screen @entity0 with @entity1 rather than those with more specific features of @entity2 . A positive @entity3 test may be helpful in diagnosing @entity2 in primary care but performs badly in excluding @entity2 and may delay referral.

title: Estimating the diagnostic accuracy of XXXX factor in UK primary care: a study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. The development of @entity2 enzymes was studied in enterocytic and hepatic microsomes from 1-day-old to adult male and female @entity0 . Microsomes were prepared by @entity1 precipitation. Enzyme expression was determined by Western blotting using a polyclonal @entity2 antibody. 2. The developmental expression of @entity2 in enterocytic and hepatic microsomes was similar for males and females. 3. Enterocytic @entity2 ( @entity2 ) showed a sharp increase at weaning, plateauing at adult levels by 60 days. 4. Hepatic @entity2 (mostly @entity2 ) increased sharply just before weaning. However, in contrast to the enterocytic enzyme, there was a 4-fold decrease in enzyme expression down to adult levels by day 60.

title: Developmental changes in the expression of enterocytic and hepatic cytochromes P4501A in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In @entity0 , silencing at the HM loci depends on Sir proteins, which are structural components of silenced chromatin. To explore the structure and assembly of silenced chromatin, the associations of Sir proteins with sequences across the HMR locus were examined by chromatin immunoprecipitation. In wild-type cells, Sir2p, @entity3 , and @entity1 were spread throughout and coincident with the silenced region at HMR. @entity2 , in contrast, associated only with the HMR-E silencer, consistent with its role in establishment but not maintenance of silencing. @entity1 was required for the association of other Sir proteins with silencers. In contrast, in the absence of Sir2p or @entity3 , partial assemblies of Sir proteins could form at silencers, where Sir protein assembly began. Spreading across HMR required Sir2p and @entity3 , as well as the deacetylase activity of Sir2p. These data support a model for the spreading of silenced chromatin involving cycles of nucleosome deacetylation by Sir2p followed by recruitment of additional Sir2p, @entity3 , and @entity1 to the newly deacetylated nucleosome. This model suggests mechanisms for boundary formation, and for maintenance and inheritance of silenced chromatin. The principles are generalizable to other types of heritable chromatin states.

title: Ordered nucleation and spreading of silenced chromatin in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with its cell-bound receptor @entity9 increases gene expression and release of proinflammatory cytokines and increase generation of reactive @entity0 species (ROS). Circulating receptors, soluble @entity9 (sRAGE), and endosecretory @entity9 (esRAGE) by binding with @entity9 ligands have protective effects against AGE- @entity9 interaction. Cigarette smoking is a risk factor for @entity4 , @entity1 , and @entity7 . This article reviews; if the AGE- @entity9 axis is involved in the cigarette smoke-induced @entity2 . There are various sources of AGEs in smokers including, gas/tar of cigarette, activation of macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, uncoupling of endothelial isoform of @entity6 synthase (eNOS) and @entity8 oxidase. The levels of AGEs are elevated in smokers. Serum levels of sRAGE have been reported to be reduced, elevated, or unchanged in smokers. Mostly the levels are reduced. There is one article which shows an elevation of levels of sRAGE in smokers. Serum levels of esRAGE are unaltered in smokers. Mechanism of AGE- @entity9 -induced @entity5 has been discussed. @entity5 leads to the @entity2 . It has been suggested that ratio of AGE/sRAGE or AGE/esRAGE is useful in determining the deleterious effects of AGE- @entity9 interaction in smokers. sRAGE alone is not a good marker for smoke-induced @entity2 . In conclusion cigarette smoke induces formation of AGEs and reduces sRAGE resulting in the development of @entity5 and related @entity3 , @entity1 , and @entity7 . Ratio of AGEs/sRAGE is a better marker for @entity2 than AGEs or sRAGE alone in smokers.

title: Role of Advanced Glycation End Products and Its Receptors in the Pathogenesis of Cigarette Smoke-Induced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A 55-year-old @entity0 first underwent total thyroidectomy in 1973, and the histopathology was @entity7 . There was no familial history of endocrine @entity2 . She remained asymptomatic for the next 19 years. Neck and tracheal recurrence was treated with tracheal stent and radiation, in 1997. On July 1998, she presented with @entity3 . Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a @entity10 enhanced mass in the left inferior temporal gyrus. Angiogram revealed a marked @entity2 stain feeding from the middle and inferior temporal artery. The @entity2 was successfully excised via a temporal craniotomy. Histopathological sections of the resected specimen confirmed the diagnosis, it demonstrated the medullary pattern that was composed of @entity8 and clumps of cells. Immunocytochemistry, using carcino-embryonic antigen and calcitonin showed a strongly positive reaction, and @entity9 was 5.4%. The @entity0 subsequently underwent a course of whole brain radiotherapy, a total of 30 Gy/10 fr. She remains asymptomatic 14 months after treatment. @entity4 from @entity6 of the thyroid is extremely rare and it does not usually occur distant spread. @entity7 with @entity4 tends to be identified in @entity0 with older age, larger @entity2 , more frequent evidence of @entity1 , and more @entity5 histologies. The number of @entity7 with @entity4 is small and there has been little evidence from benefit of therapy. Neither is it clear wether radiation therapy is beneficial also is not clear. In this case, surgical resection and radiation therapy was effective against recurrence of other lesion.

title: [Solitary @entity4 from XXXX of the thyroid].

answer: @entity6


abstract: A 55-year-old @entity0 first underwent total thyroidectomy in 1973, and the histopathology was @entity7 . There was no familial history of endocrine @entity2 . She remained asymptomatic for the next 19 years. Neck and tracheal recurrence was treated with tracheal stent and radiation, in 1997. On July 1998, she presented with @entity3 . Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a @entity10 enhanced mass in the left inferior temporal gyrus. Angiogram revealed a marked @entity2 stain feeding from the middle and inferior temporal artery. The @entity2 was successfully excised via a temporal craniotomy. Histopathological sections of the resected specimen confirmed the diagnosis, it demonstrated the medullary pattern that was composed of @entity8 and clumps of cells. Immunocytochemistry, using carcino-embryonic antigen and calcitonin showed a strongly positive reaction, and @entity9 was 5.4%. The @entity0 subsequently underwent a course of whole brain radiotherapy, a total of 30 Gy/10 fr. She remains asymptomatic 14 months after treatment. @entity4 from @entity6 of the thyroid is extremely rare and it does not usually occur distant spread. @entity7 with @entity4 tends to be identified in @entity0 with older age, larger @entity2 , more frequent evidence of @entity1 , and more @entity5 histologies. The number of @entity7 with @entity4 is small and there has been little evidence from benefit of therapy. Neither is it clear wether radiation therapy is beneficial also is not clear. In this case, surgical resection and radiation therapy was effective against recurrence of other lesion.

title: [Solitary XXXX from @entity6 of the thyroid].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Microfluorimetry of single cells could help to analyze their morphology and function state during changes of gas environment. It is very important to have a possibility of the cell visual control during @entity2 and collection of dynamic fluorimetric data in digital form. The effects of short-term @entity5 decrease were studied. For estimating the effects of @entity2 and reoxygenation we used the @entity0 peritoneal macrophages, which are very sensitive to physical, chemical and regulatory stimuli. A special small chamber for fluorimetric measurements during @entity5 changes, was developed. The level of active @entity1 forms, intracellular pH, and cell membrane instability were investigated during replacement of air by @entity3 or @entity4 (of the basal level decreased to 20% of basic level) and in subsequent reoxygenation. The increase of active @entity1 forms was shown during 30 min of @entity2 and their level continued to rise immediately after reoxygenation. A short-term decrease and subsequent increase of @entity5 in the medium led to an increase of intracellular pH level. The shifts of measured cell indices were stabilized after 30-40 min of @entity5 changes thus suggesting a fast comprehension of countermeasure cell mechanisms. No macrophages with membrane disorders were found despite the rise of the active @entity1 forms level during @entity2 and reoxygenation in vitro. There were no significant differences between @entity3 and @entity4 used for replacement of air in the medium. The data obtained suggest a high resistance of macrophages against @entity5 changes and an involvement of the antioxidative mechanisms for cell protection especially during reoxygenation period.

title: [Effect of short-term XXXX and re-oxygenation on @entity0 peritoneal macrophages in vitro].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Microfluorimetry of single cells could help to analyze their morphology and function state during changes of gas environment. It is very important to have a possibility of the cell visual control during @entity2 and collection of dynamic fluorimetric data in digital form. The effects of short-term @entity5 decrease were studied. For estimating the effects of @entity2 and reoxygenation we used the @entity0 peritoneal macrophages, which are very sensitive to physical, chemical and regulatory stimuli. A special small chamber for fluorimetric measurements during @entity5 changes, was developed. The level of active @entity1 forms, intracellular pH, and cell membrane instability were investigated during replacement of air by @entity3 or @entity4 (of the basal level decreased to 20% of basic level) and in subsequent reoxygenation. The increase of active @entity1 forms was shown during 30 min of @entity2 and their level continued to rise immediately after reoxygenation. A short-term decrease and subsequent increase of @entity5 in the medium led to an increase of intracellular pH level. The shifts of measured cell indices were stabilized after 30-40 min of @entity5 changes thus suggesting a fast comprehension of countermeasure cell mechanisms. No macrophages with membrane disorders were found despite the rise of the active @entity1 forms level during @entity2 and reoxygenation in vitro. There were no significant differences between @entity3 and @entity4 used for replacement of air in the medium. The data obtained suggest a high resistance of macrophages against @entity5 changes and an involvement of the antioxidative mechanisms for cell protection especially during reoxygenation period.

title: [Effect of short-term @entity2 and re-oxygenation on XXXX peritoneal macrophages in vitro].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Alterations in the intestinal microbiota, characterized by depletion of anti-inflammatory bacteria, such as Firmicutes, in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have prompted interest in microbiota-modulating strategies for this condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of fecal and synthetic @entity0 microbial ecosystems, low or enriched in Firmicutes, on @entity6 susceptibility and host immune responses. METHODS: The microbiota of selected healthy and @entity2 @entity0 donors was characterized by culture method and 16S rRNA-based sequencing. Germ-free @entity1 were colonized with fecal or a synthetic ecosystem enriched (healthy donors) or low ( @entity2 donors) in Firmicutes. Experimental @entity6 was induced using dextran @entity7 . Colon transcriptome and @entity5 cells were evaluated in @entity1 postcolonization by RNA-seq and flow cytometry, respectively, and T helper (TH) 17 differentiation was assessed in vitro. RESULTS: @entity1 colonized with microbiota from @entity0 with @entity2 low in Firmicutes had increased sensitivity to @entity6 compared with @entity1 colonized with fecal or synthetic ecosystems rich in Firmicutes. Microbiota low in Firmicutes increased expression of TH17-related genes and expansion of @entity4 -expressing CD4 cells in vivo. Supplementation with bacterial isolates belonging to the Firmicutes phylum abrogated the heightened TH17 responses in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: A microbiota rich in Firmicutes derived from fecal samples of a healthy @entity0 donor, or assembled synthetically, downregulated @entity3 and TH17 pathways in @entity1 . The results support the use of ecobiotherapy strategies, enriched in Firmicutes, for the prevention or treatment of @entity2 .

title: Ecobiotherapy Rich in Firmicutes Decreases Susceptibility to XXXX in a Humanized Gnotobiotic @entity1 Model.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Alterations in the intestinal microbiota, characterized by depletion of anti-inflammatory bacteria, such as Firmicutes, in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have prompted interest in microbiota-modulating strategies for this condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of fecal and synthetic @entity0 microbial ecosystems, low or enriched in Firmicutes, on @entity6 susceptibility and host immune responses. METHODS: The microbiota of selected healthy and @entity2 @entity0 donors was characterized by culture method and 16S rRNA-based sequencing. Germ-free @entity1 were colonized with fecal or a synthetic ecosystem enriched (healthy donors) or low ( @entity2 donors) in Firmicutes. Experimental @entity6 was induced using dextran @entity7 . Colon transcriptome and @entity5 cells were evaluated in @entity1 postcolonization by RNA-seq and flow cytometry, respectively, and T helper (TH) 17 differentiation was assessed in vitro. RESULTS: @entity1 colonized with microbiota from @entity0 with @entity2 low in Firmicutes had increased sensitivity to @entity6 compared with @entity1 colonized with fecal or synthetic ecosystems rich in Firmicutes. Microbiota low in Firmicutes increased expression of TH17-related genes and expansion of @entity4 -expressing CD4 cells in vivo. Supplementation with bacterial isolates belonging to the Firmicutes phylum abrogated the heightened TH17 responses in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: A microbiota rich in Firmicutes derived from fecal samples of a healthy @entity0 donor, or assembled synthetically, downregulated @entity3 and TH17 pathways in @entity1 . The results support the use of ecobiotherapy strategies, enriched in Firmicutes, for the prevention or treatment of @entity2 .

title: Ecobiotherapy Rich in Firmicutes Decreases Susceptibility to @entity6 in a Humanized Gnotobiotic XXXX Model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Oral fluid has become a widely accepted alternative matrix for drugs of abuse detection. Immunoassays have been developed for on-site testing of @entity2 and metabolites in oral fluid. The performance of the Cozart RapiScan Oral Fluid Drug Testing System ( @entity1 ) was evaluated in comparison with Cozart Microplate Enzyme Immunoassay @entity2 Oral Fluid Kit (COC ELISA) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- @entity0 ) at several screening and confirmation cutoffs, including those proposed by SAMHSA and those currently in use in the U.K. Oral fluid samples (n = 1271) were collected prior to and following controlled clinical @entity2 administration. @entity1 provides a qualitative screen at a preset cutoff of 30 microg/L. Sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency for @entity1 (30 microg/L) as compared with COC ELISA with a cutoff of 30 microg/L were 92.1%, 91.8%, and 92.0%. The comparison of @entity1 (30 microg/L) with the 8-mg/L proposed SAMHSA confirmation cutoffs for @entity2 and/or @entity3 exhibited a sensitivity of 82.7%, a specificity of 94.5%, and an efficiency of 87.6%. For this study, an alternative @entity1 cutoff of 20 microg/L was also evaluated. Performance characteristics of @entity1 (20 microg/L) at the proposed SAMHSA confirmation cutoffs were 89.9%, 89.7%, and 89.8%, respectively. At cutoffs in use in the U.K., 30- micro g/L @entity1 screen and 15- microg/L GC- @entity0 cutoffs for @entity2 , @entity3 , and/or @entity4 sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency were 89.4%, 92.2%, and 90.7%, respectively. Cozart RapiScan had performance similar to the COC ELISA assay for the detection of @entity2 exposure and suitable sensitivity and specificity at the proposed SAMHSA cutoffs.

title: Cozart RapiScan Oral Fluid Drug Testing System: an evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency for XXXX detection compared with ELISA and GC- @entity0 following controlled @entity2 administration.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Oral fluid has become a widely accepted alternative matrix for drugs of abuse detection. Immunoassays have been developed for on-site testing of @entity2 and metabolites in oral fluid. The performance of the Cozart RapiScan Oral Fluid Drug Testing System ( @entity1 ) was evaluated in comparison with Cozart Microplate Enzyme Immunoassay @entity2 Oral Fluid Kit (COC ELISA) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- @entity0 ) at several screening and confirmation cutoffs, including those proposed by SAMHSA and those currently in use in the U.K. Oral fluid samples (n = 1271) were collected prior to and following controlled clinical @entity2 administration. @entity1 provides a qualitative screen at a preset cutoff of 30 microg/L. Sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency for @entity1 (30 microg/L) as compared with COC ELISA with a cutoff of 30 microg/L were 92.1%, 91.8%, and 92.0%. The comparison of @entity1 (30 microg/L) with the 8-mg/L proposed SAMHSA confirmation cutoffs for @entity2 and/or @entity3 exhibited a sensitivity of 82.7%, a specificity of 94.5%, and an efficiency of 87.6%. For this study, an alternative @entity1 cutoff of 20 microg/L was also evaluated. Performance characteristics of @entity1 (20 microg/L) at the proposed SAMHSA confirmation cutoffs were 89.9%, 89.7%, and 89.8%, respectively. At cutoffs in use in the U.K., 30- micro g/L @entity1 screen and 15- microg/L GC- @entity0 cutoffs for @entity2 , @entity3 , and/or @entity4 sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency were 89.4%, 92.2%, and 90.7%, respectively. Cozart RapiScan had performance similar to the COC ELISA assay for the detection of @entity2 exposure and suitable sensitivity and specificity at the proposed SAMHSA cutoffs.

title: Cozart RapiScan Oral Fluid Drug Testing System: an evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency for @entity2 detection compared with ELISA and GC- @entity0 following controlled XXXX administration.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Oral fluid has become a widely accepted alternative matrix for drugs of abuse detection. Immunoassays have been developed for on-site testing of @entity2 and metabolites in oral fluid. The performance of the Cozart RapiScan Oral Fluid Drug Testing System ( @entity1 ) was evaluated in comparison with Cozart Microplate Enzyme Immunoassay @entity2 Oral Fluid Kit (COC ELISA) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- @entity0 ) at several screening and confirmation cutoffs, including those proposed by SAMHSA and those currently in use in the U.K. Oral fluid samples (n = 1271) were collected prior to and following controlled clinical @entity2 administration. @entity1 provides a qualitative screen at a preset cutoff of 30 microg/L. Sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency for @entity1 (30 microg/L) as compared with COC ELISA with a cutoff of 30 microg/L were 92.1%, 91.8%, and 92.0%. The comparison of @entity1 (30 microg/L) with the 8-mg/L proposed SAMHSA confirmation cutoffs for @entity2 and/or @entity3 exhibited a sensitivity of 82.7%, a specificity of 94.5%, and an efficiency of 87.6%. For this study, an alternative @entity1 cutoff of 20 microg/L was also evaluated. Performance characteristics of @entity1 (20 microg/L) at the proposed SAMHSA confirmation cutoffs were 89.9%, 89.7%, and 89.8%, respectively. At cutoffs in use in the U.K., 30- micro g/L @entity1 screen and 15- microg/L GC- @entity0 cutoffs for @entity2 , @entity3 , and/or @entity4 sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency were 89.4%, 92.2%, and 90.7%, respectively. Cozart RapiScan had performance similar to the COC ELISA assay for the detection of @entity2 exposure and suitable sensitivity and specificity at the proposed SAMHSA cutoffs.

title: Cozart RapiScan Oral Fluid Drug Testing System: an evaluation of sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency for @entity2 detection compared with ELISA and GC- XXXX following controlled @entity2 administration.

answer: @entity0


abstract: METHODS: We prospectively studied the angiographic incidence of @entity9 in 1000 consecutive @entity0 who underwent coronary angiography for clinically suspected @entity5 since December, 1998. Selective renal arteriography was performed in all the @entity0 (mean age 57 years, 74.6% males) after coronary angiography. RESULTS: @entity4 arterial @entity3 was present in 52%, 29.1% were smokers, 21% had @entity1 and 31.2% had @entity7 . Significant @entity5 was found in 849 (84.9%) @entity0 . Of the total @entity0 cohort, 103 (10.3%) @entity0 had @entity2 ; 78 (7.8%) had insignificant @entity6 (> 50%) and significant @entity9 (< 50%) was identified in 25 (2.5%) @entity0 . Three had @entity9 . Comparisons were made between @entity9 and risk factor profile. There was no statistically significant association between @entity9 and parameters like @entity1 , @entity3 , smoking, lipid levels and serum @entity8 . CONCLUSION: In our study, the absolute number of cases with significant @entity9 is small, so no statistical analysis could be performed to demonstrate the relationship of presence of @entity9 with severity of CAD. However @entity0 with severe @entity5 or having multiple risk factor showed a trend towards increased prevalence of @entity9 , hence renal angiography should be done for this subset of @entity0 .

title: Renal artery involvement in @entity0 of XXXX undergoing coronary angiography--a prospective study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: METHODS: We prospectively studied the angiographic incidence of @entity9 in 1000 consecutive @entity0 who underwent coronary angiography for clinically suspected @entity5 since December, 1998. Selective renal arteriography was performed in all the @entity0 (mean age 57 years, 74.6% males) after coronary angiography. RESULTS: @entity4 arterial @entity3 was present in 52%, 29.1% were smokers, 21% had @entity1 and 31.2% had @entity7 . Significant @entity5 was found in 849 (84.9%) @entity0 . Of the total @entity0 cohort, 103 (10.3%) @entity0 had @entity2 ; 78 (7.8%) had insignificant @entity6 (> 50%) and significant @entity9 (< 50%) was identified in 25 (2.5%) @entity0 . Three had @entity9 . Comparisons were made between @entity9 and risk factor profile. There was no statistically significant association between @entity9 and parameters like @entity1 , @entity3 , smoking, lipid levels and serum @entity8 . CONCLUSION: In our study, the absolute number of cases with significant @entity9 is small, so no statistical analysis could be performed to demonstrate the relationship of presence of @entity9 with severity of CAD. However @entity0 with severe @entity5 or having multiple risk factor showed a trend towards increased prevalence of @entity9 , hence renal angiography should be done for this subset of @entity0 .

title: Renal artery involvement in XXXX of @entity5 undergoing coronary angiography--a prospective study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Effective tools for extraction of pacemaker and @entity2 leads have been developed in the past decennium. This study investigated the necessity of using these tools in addition to direct traction in relation to @entity0 and lead characteristics. The study encompasses first attempts at extraction of consecutive pacemaker and @entity2 leads from the subpectoral area. A stepwise extraction protocol was used with traction first (directly or with a locking stylet) followed by laser sheath extraction if not successful. The indication, @entity0 age, time from implant, fixation mechanism, location, and insertion site of the leads were studied in relation to the outcome of traction. A total of 145 leads in 83 @entity0 were extracted. Leads were implanted for 71 +/- 61 months. Indication for extraction was @entity1 in 96 leads and malfunction in 49 leads. There were 90 ventricular leads including 16 @entity2 leads. Forty-nine (34%) leads were extracted with traction; in 96 (66%) leads a laser sheath was necessary. All leads implanted for < 6 months could be removed with traction alone. In a multivariate logistic regression model, time from implant was the main factor determining success of traction (P < 0.001), but in case of @entity1 the success rate increased (P = 0.004). In conclusion, time from implant is the decisive factor to judge the potential efficacy of lead extraction with direct traction. If leads are implanted for 6 months, the availability of additional extraction tools is necessary when lead extraction is considered. In addition to time from implant, infected leads have a better chance to be removed with traction although it is a much weaker predictor.

title: Extraction of pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator leads: XXXX and lead characteristics in relation to the requirement of extraction tools.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the sensitivity and specificity of sonography for detection of @entity3 and whether sonographic results correlate with management or outcome. METHODS: We identified 149 consecutive @entity0 who underwent sonography at 24 weeks' gestational age or later for ruling out @entity2 . Obstetric and neonatal data were obtained from the hospital perinatal database. Sonographic results, pathologic reports, and hospital charts were reviewed. Sonographic sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated, and regression was used to determine independence of associations. RESULTS: Of the 149 @entity0 , 17 (11%) had sonographic evidence of abruption, and 32 (21%) had evidence of abruption at delivery. As the scan-to-delivery interval decreased, the positive predictive value increased and the negative predictive value decreased. Of 55 @entity0 who gave birth within 14 days of sonography, 8 (15%) had scans consistent with abruption, and 29 (53%) had abruption at delivery; the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of sonography were 24%, 96%, 88%, and 53%, respectively. Positive sonographic findings were univariately associated with 2- to 3-fold greater subsequent tocolysis, @entity4 use, duration of hospitalization, follow-up sonograms, @entity1 , low birth weight, and neonatal intensive care unit admission. All but low birth weight and neonatal intensive care unit admission remained independently significant after adjustment for gestational age (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Sonography is not sensitive for detection of @entity3 , but a positive finding is associated with more aggressive management and worse neonatal outcome.

title: Clinical utility of sonography in the diagnosis and treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prognostic evaluation is important for the management of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Although some autoantibodies have been associated with disease activity and outcomes, the implication of antibodies to @entity5 (anti- @entity6 ) remains controversial.To conduct a meta-analysis of observational studies which addressed differences in clinical characteristics by anti- @entity6 status in @entity0 with @entity2 .Three databases PUBMED, EMBASE, and OVID were systemically searched up to January 2015 using the terms " @entity5 " or "liver-pancreas antigen" and " @entity2 " with restriction to English-language.Studies were included if at least 50 @entity0 with objective diagnosis of @entity2 were enrolled, anti- @entity6 detection was performed for the @entity0 , and prognostic outcomes and/or disease severity were reported.Two investigators independently reviewed retrieved literature and evaluated eligibility. Discrepancy was resolved by discussion and a third investigator. Quality of included studies was evaluated using Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Data were pooled using fixed-effect or random-effect models.Prognostic outcomes included death from @entity3 or requirement for liver transplantation, and responses to immunosuppressive therapy regarding remission or relapse. Results were combined on the odds ratio (OR) or standardized mean difference (SMD) scales.Eight studies were enrolled in this study, involving a total of 1297 @entity2 @entity0 among whom 195 with anti- @entity6 . Pooled serum @entity4 levels tended to be lower in anti- @entity6 seropositive @entity0 . The presence of anti- @entity6 conferred 3.1-fold increased risk of @entity1 in @entity2 @entity0 . The remission rates were comparable between anti- @entity6 seropositive and seronegative @entity2 patients, while anti- @entity6 positivity was associated with nearly 2-fold increased risk of relapse after drug withdrawal. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allotype DR3 was positively associated with anti- @entity6 .Antibodies to @entity6 may be an indicator of increased risks of @entity1 and treatment relapse for @entity2 @entity0 . Our findings suggest that the anti- @entity6 seropositive @entity0 should be maintained indefinitely on individually adjusted medication to improve their prognosis.

title: Prognostic Implications of Antibodies to XXXX in @entity2 : A PRISMA-Compliant Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Prognostic evaluation is important for the management of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Although some autoantibodies have been associated with disease activity and outcomes, the implication of antibodies to @entity5 (anti- @entity6 ) remains controversial.To conduct a meta-analysis of observational studies which addressed differences in clinical characteristics by anti- @entity6 status in @entity0 with @entity2 .Three databases PUBMED, EMBASE, and OVID were systemically searched up to January 2015 using the terms " @entity5 " or "liver-pancreas antigen" and " @entity2 " with restriction to English-language.Studies were included if at least 50 @entity0 with objective diagnosis of @entity2 were enrolled, anti- @entity6 detection was performed for the @entity0 , and prognostic outcomes and/or disease severity were reported.Two investigators independently reviewed retrieved literature and evaluated eligibility. Discrepancy was resolved by discussion and a third investigator. Quality of included studies was evaluated using Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS). Data were pooled using fixed-effect or random-effect models.Prognostic outcomes included death from @entity3 or requirement for liver transplantation, and responses to immunosuppressive therapy regarding remission or relapse. Results were combined on the odds ratio (OR) or standardized mean difference (SMD) scales.Eight studies were enrolled in this study, involving a total of 1297 @entity2 @entity0 among whom 195 with anti- @entity6 . Pooled serum @entity4 levels tended to be lower in anti- @entity6 seropositive @entity0 . The presence of anti- @entity6 conferred 3.1-fold increased risk of @entity1 in @entity2 @entity0 . The remission rates were comparable between anti- @entity6 seropositive and seronegative @entity2 patients, while anti- @entity6 positivity was associated with nearly 2-fold increased risk of relapse after drug withdrawal. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allotype DR3 was positively associated with anti- @entity6 .Antibodies to @entity6 may be an indicator of increased risks of @entity1 and treatment relapse for @entity2 @entity0 . Our findings suggest that the anti- @entity6 seropositive @entity0 should be maintained indefinitely on individually adjusted medication to improve their prognosis.

title: Prognostic Implications of Antibodies to @entity5 in XXXX : A PRISMA-Compliant Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, nasal packing made of absorbable biomaterial has become increasingly popular. Although absorbable packs are effective for hemostasis, their impact on healing mucosa is unknown. Some have felt that a biocompatible sinus dressing actually may enhance healing, particularly in areas where the mucosa has been stripped. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of topical MeroGel and FloSeal on @entity4 in a @entity2 model. METHODS: Bilateral maxillary sinuses of 12 New Zealand white @entity2 were surgically opened and stripped of mucosa. The left maxillary sinus of six @entity2 had sterile saline-soaked MeroGel placed in the antrum, and the other six @entity2 received FloSeal. The right maxillary sinuses of all 12 animals were stripped and otherwise untreated to serve as stripped controls. The animals were killed at 2 weeks and specimens were examined by light microscopy. RESULTS: MeroGel-treated mucosa showed extensive @entity1 , complete loss of surface epithelium, and loss of the mucociliary blanket. There was minimal resorption of the MeroGel, and MeroGel fibers were frankly incorporated into the regenerated epithelium, associated with an exuberant lymphocytic infiltrate. @entity5 showed similar @entity1 with loss of the mucociliary blanket, although to a lesser degree than the MeroGel- treated group. FloSeal showed similar incorporation into the healed mucosa with @entity6 . Controls showed expected @entity3 , lamina propria @entity1 , and loss of cilia, but the lamina propria @entity1 seen in the MeroGel and FloSeal groups was markedly more prominent. CONCLUSION: In a @entity2 model, MeroGel and FloSeal appear to increase reactionary @entity1 of healing mucosa. These agents also appear to be incompletely resorbed and grossly incorporated into healing tissue. @entity0 may be impaired by the application of these agents.

title: Effects of topically applied biomaterials on XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: An adult male blue shark, Prionace glauca (L.), caught in July 2000 by a recreational fisherman off Long Island, New York, USA, had a retained fishing hook from a previous capture. The hook penetrated the gastric wall and lacerated the right liver lobe. @entity0 consisted of transmural @entity8 and @entity2 . Alteromonas sp. and @entity9 were isolated from the peritoneal fluid. In addition, a well delineated, sessile mass was found on the otherwise normal serosa of the right testis. Histopathological findings included @entity4 and @entity3 involving diffusely the gastric, hepatic and parietal serosae, and forming a discrete testicular capsular mass compatible with @entity6 . In the liver an @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity4 and increased numbers of melanomacrophages were found. In addition organisms compatible with histozoic and coelozoic myxosporeans were found within the skeletal muscle of the abdomen and intrahepatic bile ducts, respectively. This is the third literature report of a @entity1 and the first report of a coelomic @entity6 from a shark.

title: Hepatic cholangiocarcinoma and XXXX in a wild-caught blue shark, Prionace glauca (L.).

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity0 can be studied as either offensive or defensive responses to a stimulus. The studies discussed in this review are focused on the peripubertal development of @entity0 in male @entity1 and its responsiveness to repeated social stress. Quantitative and qualitative changes in offensive responses were analyzed during this period. Quantitative changes in offensive responses were observed as decreased frequency of attacks. Qualitative changes were observed as changes in attack types, as animals reorient their attacks gradually from the face to the lower belly and rump. These developmental changes were altered by repeated exposure to social stress during @entity2 . Daily exposure to aggressive adults during @entity2 accelerated the qualitative development of offensive responses and the onset of adult-like offensive responses. In contrast, social stress had little effect on the quantitative changes associated with @entity2 . However, social stress was associated with higher attack frequency during adulthood. These effects of stress during @entity2 contrast with those observed with animals in late puberty. At that time, repeated exposure to aggressive @entity0 . These data constitute the basis for a new theory on the development of agonistic behavior that includes the following hypotheses. First, it is hypothesized that mid-puberty is marked by a change in responsiveness to repeated social stress. As such, differences in stress responsiveness from social interactions are interpreted as a basic distinction between play fighting and @entity0 . Second, it is also hypothesized that a common neural circuitry mediates the activation of offensive responses during play fighting and adult aggressive interactions.

title: Stress and the development of agonistic behavior in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reactive @entity1 metabolites (ROM) are important mediators of @entity13 ( @entity12 ) induced minimal @entity9 ( @entity9 ) in @entity2 . We have recently shown that @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a significant source of catalytic @entity3 in this model of @entity0 . The current study was designed to identify the @entity8 isozyme(s) in the @entity2 glomeruli and explore the role of the specific isozyme(s) in @entity12 -induced minimal change @entity9 . METHODS: @entity9 was induced in @entity2 by a single intravenous injection of @entity12 . Animals were sacrificed at different time points for variety of biochemical assays including Western blot, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Ultrastructural histochemistry was utilized to study @entity4 ( @entity5 ) generation in the kidney. RESULTS: Several @entity8 isozymes were tested and @entity11 was localized exclusively in the @entity2 glomeruli but not in the tubules. Treatment with @entity12 resulted in the generation of @entity5 in the glomerular basement membrane with significant loss of @entity11 content accompanied by a marked increase in the catalytic @entity3 . @entity11 inhibitors @entity10 and @entity14 significantly reduced @entity5 generation, and prevented the loss of @entity11 content and the increase in the catalytic @entity3 . @entity11 inhibitors also provided significant protection against @entity12 induced @entity6 . The induction of @entity7 oxygenase and ferritin also was observed in the glomeruli in @entity12 -treated @entity2 . Both @entity10 and @entity14 reduced the up-regulation of these proteins. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that @entity11 plays an important role in @entity12 induced @entity9 by serving as a site for ROM generation and a significant source of catalytic @entity3 .

title: XXXX 2B1 mediates oxidant injury in puromycin-induced @entity9 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reactive @entity1 metabolites (ROM) are important mediators of @entity13 ( @entity12 ) induced minimal @entity9 ( @entity9 ) in @entity2 . We have recently shown that @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a significant source of catalytic @entity3 in this model of @entity0 . The current study was designed to identify the @entity8 isozyme(s) in the @entity2 glomeruli and explore the role of the specific isozyme(s) in @entity12 -induced minimal change @entity9 . METHODS: @entity9 was induced in @entity2 by a single intravenous injection of @entity12 . Animals were sacrificed at different time points for variety of biochemical assays including Western blot, immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Ultrastructural histochemistry was utilized to study @entity4 ( @entity5 ) generation in the kidney. RESULTS: Several @entity8 isozymes were tested and @entity11 was localized exclusively in the @entity2 glomeruli but not in the tubules. Treatment with @entity12 resulted in the generation of @entity5 in the glomerular basement membrane with significant loss of @entity11 content accompanied by a marked increase in the catalytic @entity3 . @entity11 inhibitors @entity10 and @entity14 significantly reduced @entity5 generation, and prevented the loss of @entity11 content and the increase in the catalytic @entity3 . @entity11 inhibitors also provided significant protection against @entity12 induced @entity6 . The induction of @entity7 oxygenase and ferritin also was observed in the glomeruli in @entity12 -treated @entity2 . Both @entity10 and @entity14 reduced the up-regulation of these proteins. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that @entity11 plays an important role in @entity12 induced @entity9 by serving as a site for ROM generation and a significant source of catalytic @entity3 .

title: @entity8 2B1 mediates oxidant injury in puromycin-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a form of @entity5 that is increasingly recognized. There are limited data on the prevalence of @entity8 and the role of risk factors for @entity8 among the morbidly @entity2 . HYPOTHESIS: The prevalence of asymptomatic @entity8 among morbidly @entity2 @entity0 undergoing gastric bypass surgery is high, and there are identifiable risk factors for @entity8 . DESIGN: Prospective case study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity0 : Forty-eight consecutive @entity0 undergoing gastric bypass surgery who had a concurrent open liver biopsy. Exclusion criteria included current consumption of more than 2 @entity4 beverages monthly and known @entity3 . A hepatopathologist blinded to clinical data reviewed biopsy specimens. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The presence of @entity8 or severe @entity3 , preoperative body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters), fasting @entity6 level, and presence of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). RESULTS: @entity0 (mean +/- SD age, 42 +/- 10 years; 33 @entity0 ) had an initial mean BMI of 59.9 +/- 12. Thirty-one @entity0 (65%) had moderate to severe @entity7 . Only 6 (12%) had advanced @entity3 . Sixteen (33%) had evidence of @entity8 . There was no difference in mean age, sex, BMI, or fasting @entity6 level between @entity0 with and without @entity8 or advanced @entity3 . The odds of @entity8 were 128 times greater (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.2-3137.0) and the odds of severe @entity3 75 times greater (95% CI, 4.5-1247.0) in @entity0 with @entity1 than in those without @entity1 . Preoperative BMI was not independently associated with @entity8 (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.9-1.1) or severe @entity3 (odds ratio, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.86-1.02) after adjustment for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Moderate to severe @entity7 and @entity8 are common among individuals undergoing gastric bypass procedures. @entity1 but not BMI is associated with @entity8 and advanced hepatic @entity3 in these @entity0 .

title: Prevalence and predictors of asymptomatic XXXX in @entity0 undergoing gastric bypass surgery.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a form of @entity5 that is increasingly recognized. There are limited data on the prevalence of @entity8 and the role of risk factors for @entity8 among the morbidly @entity2 . HYPOTHESIS: The prevalence of asymptomatic @entity8 among morbidly @entity2 @entity0 undergoing gastric bypass surgery is high, and there are identifiable risk factors for @entity8 . DESIGN: Prospective case study. SETTING: University hospital. @entity0 : Forty-eight consecutive @entity0 undergoing gastric bypass surgery who had a concurrent open liver biopsy. Exclusion criteria included current consumption of more than 2 @entity4 beverages monthly and known @entity3 . A hepatopathologist blinded to clinical data reviewed biopsy specimens. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The presence of @entity8 or severe @entity3 , preoperative body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters), fasting @entity6 level, and presence of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). RESULTS: @entity0 (mean +/- SD age, 42 +/- 10 years; 33 @entity0 ) had an initial mean BMI of 59.9 +/- 12. Thirty-one @entity0 (65%) had moderate to severe @entity7 . Only 6 (12%) had advanced @entity3 . Sixteen (33%) had evidence of @entity8 . There was no difference in mean age, sex, BMI, or fasting @entity6 level between @entity0 with and without @entity8 or advanced @entity3 . The odds of @entity8 were 128 times greater (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.2-3137.0) and the odds of severe @entity3 75 times greater (95% CI, 4.5-1247.0) in @entity0 with @entity1 than in those without @entity1 . Preoperative BMI was not independently associated with @entity8 (odds ratio, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.9-1.1) or severe @entity3 (odds ratio, 0.9; 95% CI, 0.86-1.02) after adjustment for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Moderate to severe @entity7 and @entity8 are common among individuals undergoing gastric bypass procedures. @entity1 but not BMI is associated with @entity8 and advanced hepatic @entity3 in these @entity0 .

title: Prevalence and predictors of asymptomatic @entity5 in XXXX undergoing gastric bypass surgery.

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: Whether @entity5 associated with @entity2 and @entity6 represent manifestations of different @entity1 is an important but unresolved question in psychiatry. Results of previous volumetric magnetic resonance imaging investigations indicate that gray matter volume reductions in neocortical regions may be specific to @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: To simultaneously evaluate multiple olfactocentric paralimbic regions, which play crucial roles in @entity0 emotion and motivation, in first-episode @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity4 . DESIGN: A cross-sectional study using high-spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging in @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity4 at their first hospitalization. SETTING: Inpatient units at a private psychiatric hospital. @entity0 : Fifty-three first-episode @entity0 , 27 with @entity2 and 26 with affective (mainly manic) @entity4 , and 29 control subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Using high-spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging, the gray matter volumes of 2 olfactocentric paralimbic regions of interest, the insular cortex and the temporal pole, were evaluated. RESULTS: A bilateral @entity3 in insular cortex gray matter was specific to first-episode @entity0 with @entity2 . In contrast, both first-episode @entity4 groups showed a @entity3 in left temporal pole gray matter and an absence of normal left-greater-than-right asymmetry. Region of interest correlations showed that only @entity0 with @entity2 lacked a positive correlation between left temporal pole and left anterior amygdala-hippocampal complex gray matter volumes, whereas both @entity4 groups were similar in lacking normal positive correlations between left temporal pole and left anterior superior temporal gyrus gray matter volumes. CONCLUSIONS: These partially different and partially similar patterns of structural abnormalities in olfactocentric paralimbic regions and their associated abnormalities in other temporolimbic regions may be important factors in the differential and common manifestations of the 2 @entity5 .

title: Differences and similarities in insular and temporal pole MRI gray matter volume abnormalities in first-episode XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONTEXT: Whether @entity5 associated with @entity2 and @entity6 represent manifestations of different @entity1 is an important but unresolved question in psychiatry. Results of previous volumetric magnetic resonance imaging investigations indicate that gray matter volume reductions in neocortical regions may be specific to @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: To simultaneously evaluate multiple olfactocentric paralimbic regions, which play crucial roles in @entity0 emotion and motivation, in first-episode @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity4 . DESIGN: A cross-sectional study using high-spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging in @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity4 at their first hospitalization. SETTING: Inpatient units at a private psychiatric hospital. @entity0 : Fifty-three first-episode @entity0 , 27 with @entity2 and 26 with affective (mainly manic) @entity4 , and 29 control subjects. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Using high-spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging, the gray matter volumes of 2 olfactocentric paralimbic regions of interest, the insular cortex and the temporal pole, were evaluated. RESULTS: A bilateral @entity3 in insular cortex gray matter was specific to first-episode @entity0 with @entity2 . In contrast, both first-episode @entity4 groups showed a @entity3 in left temporal pole gray matter and an absence of normal left-greater-than-right asymmetry. Region of interest correlations showed that only @entity0 with @entity2 lacked a positive correlation between left temporal pole and left anterior amygdala-hippocampal complex gray matter volumes, whereas both @entity4 groups were similar in lacking normal positive correlations between left temporal pole and left anterior superior temporal gyrus gray matter volumes. CONCLUSIONS: These partially different and partially similar patterns of structural abnormalities in olfactocentric paralimbic regions and their associated abnormalities in other temporolimbic regions may be important factors in the differential and common manifestations of the 2 @entity5 .

title: Differences and similarities in insular and temporal pole MRI gray matter volume abnormalities in first-episode @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We examined a @entity0 ( @entity5 ) with probable @entity2 who showed phonologically plausible errors in kanji (logogram) writing. In semantic tasks, she showed no deficits in pointing or naming but had difficulty in more complex tasks such as proverb comprehension. In reading aloud of kanji words, she could read most kanji words correctly and showed little phonologically plausible reading errors. She performed poorly in lexical decision and on-reading of one-letter kanji (Sino-Japanese pronunciation derived from the Chinese language at the time of borrowing). Writing to dictation demonstrated no mistakes in kana letters and words, but many errors in kanji, which were phonologically equivalent but semantically inappropriate. To explore the relationship between the writing errors in kanji words and comprehension of the word meanings, we selected 33 words that she made phonologically plausible writing errors. We gave her the following five tasks using these words; 1) to ask meanings of the words, 2) to dictate the words, 3) to dictate sentences including these words, 4) to discriminate appropriate target words from distracters including her own erroneous responses, and 5) to write these words again. She showed no consistent errors in these tasks. In some occasions, she could write correct kanji words without understanding word meanings. She also showed phonologically plausible writing errors in spite of describing correct word meanings. In Japanese, word meaning deficits like Gogi @entity4 were thought to cause phonologically plausible writing errors. As the impairments of word meanings in @entity5 are comparatively mild, the underpinning of her kanji @entity3 might be different from that of phonologically plausible errors in Gogi @entity4 . It would be suggested that she frequently wrote phonologically equivalent errors because of her @entity1 in spite that her phonological processing was preserved. Furthermore, she would not necessarily use the semantics (word meanings) of kanji words during dictation.

title: [Writing Kanji without semantics in a case with probable XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aims to examine agreement among bone mineral content (BMC) and density ( @entity1 ) estimates obtained using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), and micro-computed tomography ( CT) against high-resolution  CT and bone ash of the @entity0 femur. Middle-aged (n  =  40, 86  weeks) male @entity0 underwent in vivo followed by ex vivo DXA (Hologic QDR 4500A) scanning for intact and excised femur BMC and areal density. To assess bone architecture and strength, excised femurs were scanned on pQCT (Stratec XCT 2000L) as well as on two  CT scanners (LaTheta LCT-200; Skyscan 1174), followed by three-point bending test. Reproducibility was determined using triplicate scans; and agreement assessed using Bland-Altman plots with reference methods being high-resolution  CT (Skyscan) for @entity1 and bone ashing for BMC. All techniques showed satisfactory ex vivo precision (CV 0.05-4.3  %). However, bias compared to the reference method was highest (207.5  %) in trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) measured by LaTheta, and unacceptable in most total femur and cortical bone measurements. Volumetric @entity1 (vBMD) and BV/TV derived by LaTheta and pQCT at the distal metaphysis were biased from the Skyscan by an average of 49.3 and 207.5  %, respectively. Variability of vBMD, BV/TV and cross-sectional area at the diaphysis ranged from -5.5 to 30.8  %. LaTheta best quantified total femur BMC with an upper bias of 3.3  %. The observed differences among imaging techniques can be attributable to inherent dissimilarity in construction design, calibration, segmentation and scanning resolution used. These bone imaging tools are precise but are not comparable, at least when assessing @entity0 bones.

title: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and micro-computed tomography techniques are discordant for bone density and geometry measurements in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine if @entity3 scores are higher in @entity0 with @entity4 and to identify risk factors for @entity3 . METHOD: The subjects were 287 @entity4 in- @entity0 and outpatients. We investigated the tendency of @entity3 by @entity2 of Zung and whether @entity2 is correlated with age, face scale, VAS (visual analog scale), MHAQ, class, BSG and CRP. We compared the frequency of @entity3 tendency between those who took @entity1 and those who did not. Among 238 cases that we studied, 131 @entity0 took @entity1 hormone and the rest did not. RESULTS: It was found that 113 out of 287 @entity0 (about 39%) showed @entity3 tendency. @entity2 was correlated with face scale (r = 0.55198 P = 0.0001) followed by VAS (r = 0.40772 P = 0.0001). However, @entity2 was not correlated with BSG, CRP, age and duration range. For the group who took @entity1 hormone, the average score of @entity2 was 38.63 (+/- 8.37). The average score for the other group who did not take @entity1 was 35.98 (+/- 7.97). As a result, it was measured by T-value that the group who took @entity1 hormone had higher @entity2 than the other group who did not take @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX tendency in @entity0 with @entity4 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine if @entity3 scores are higher in @entity0 with @entity4 and to identify risk factors for @entity3 . METHOD: The subjects were 287 @entity4 in- @entity0 and outpatients. We investigated the tendency of @entity3 by @entity2 of Zung and whether @entity2 is correlated with age, face scale, VAS (visual analog scale), MHAQ, class, BSG and CRP. We compared the frequency of @entity3 tendency between those who took @entity1 and those who did not. Among 238 cases that we studied, 131 @entity0 took @entity1 hormone and the rest did not. RESULTS: It was found that 113 out of 287 @entity0 (about 39%) showed @entity3 tendency. @entity2 was correlated with face scale (r = 0.55198 P = 0.0001) followed by VAS (r = 0.40772 P = 0.0001). However, @entity2 was not correlated with BSG, CRP, age and duration range. For the group who took @entity1 hormone, the average score of @entity2 was 38.63 (+/- 8.37). The average score for the other group who did not take @entity1 was 35.98 (+/- 7.97). As a result, it was measured by T-value that the group who took @entity1 hormone had higher @entity2 than the other group who did not take @entity1 .

title: [ @entity3 tendency in @entity0 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine if @entity3 scores are higher in @entity0 with @entity4 and to identify risk factors for @entity3 . METHOD: The subjects were 287 @entity4 in- @entity0 and outpatients. We investigated the tendency of @entity3 by @entity2 of Zung and whether @entity2 is correlated with age, face scale, VAS (visual analog scale), MHAQ, class, BSG and CRP. We compared the frequency of @entity3 tendency between those who took @entity1 and those who did not. Among 238 cases that we studied, 131 @entity0 took @entity1 hormone and the rest did not. RESULTS: It was found that 113 out of 287 @entity0 (about 39%) showed @entity3 tendency. @entity2 was correlated with face scale (r = 0.55198 P = 0.0001) followed by VAS (r = 0.40772 P = 0.0001). However, @entity2 was not correlated with BSG, CRP, age and duration range. For the group who took @entity1 hormone, the average score of @entity2 was 38.63 (+/- 8.37). The average score for the other group who did not take @entity1 was 35.98 (+/- 7.97). As a result, it was measured by T-value that the group who took @entity1 hormone had higher @entity2 than the other group who did not take @entity1 .

title: [ @entity3 tendency in XXXX with @entity4 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: Many recent treatment guidelines have advocated the importance of a full noninvasive medical evaluation. To individualize treatment, special emphasis must be put on recording of the maximum voided volume (MVV) and nocturnal diuresis in a diary or frequency/volume chart. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify any possible predictive factors to @entity3 response. STUDY DESIGN: This study is a re-analysis of a prospective, open-label, multinational, phase-IV study evaluating  <=6 months of treatment with @entity3 tablets for @entity0 with primary nocturnal enuresis. The @entity0 were enrolled between April 2002 and December 2004 from 86 centers in four countries: UK, Canada, Germany and France. A total of 936 @entity0 were screened; 744 @entity0 aged 5-15 years participated in the study. Of these, 471 @entity0 completed the study with 6 months follow-up and recording in a frequency/volume chart. All @entity0 experienced six or more wet nights during the 14-day screening period. Exclusion criteria were: organic pathology, treatment for enuresis within the past year, previous treatment for enuresis for >4 weeks, diurnal symptoms, @entity2 and the use of systemic antibiotics or other drugs known to affect @entity3 activity. The predictive value of number of wet nights a week, fluid intake, daytime voiding frequency and diuresis was investigated by performing a multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the demographic variables, age was the only significant predictor for response to @entity3 . Controlling for age, the significant predictive variables were: number of wet nights a week, average voided volume daytime, maximum voided volume daytime, total daytime diuresis, nocturnal diuresis (see Figure), maximum voided volume 24  h and total 24  h diuresis. More than 80% of the @entity0 had no nocturnal @entity1 and a low maximum voided volume. DISCUSSION: Performing a secondary analysis is a limitation because the original study was not designed for that. A new prospective study is ethically hardly defendable for @entity0 if data are available from previous literature [1]; therefore, a re-analysis was the appropriate choice. The study confirms the predictive value of age, number of wet nights a week and nocturnal diuresis [1,2]. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrates that @entity3 response rates are higher in @entity0 with greater age, limited number of wet nights a week and nocturnal @entity1 . Only a minority of a primary nocturnal enuresis population, based on history alone, had nocturnal @entity1 . The majority had a low maximum voided volume. The results clearly stress the importance of a frequency/volume chart for individualizing therapy to the characteristics, thereby resulting in elevated success rates. Registration number of clinical trial: Clinical Trials.gov NCT00245479.

title: Predictive parameters of response to XXXX in primary nocturnal enuresis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Photopheresis (extracorporeal photochemotherapy, ECP) is a new type of photochemotherapy used for the treatment of oncological and @entity1 . Additionally, recent reports indicate that this therapy is promising in both pediatric and adult @entity0 who develop @entity2 ( @entity2 ) resistant to conventional protocols after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). In this paper, we review 31 studies where ECP was used in the treatment of acute and chronic @entity2 . A total of 76 (32% female) acute @entity2 @entity0 have been considered in 11 series. Fifty-nine @entity0 presented with skin involvement; 47 had liver involvement, and 28 had gastrointestinal manifestations. Treatment duration ranged from 1 to 24 months. A regression of skin manifestations was observed in 83% of the @entity0 with a complete response in 67%. A complete regression of liver and gut manifestations was reported in 38% and 54% of the @entity0 , respectively. The overall @entity0 survival was 53%. Of the 43 @entity0 alive, 8 developed chronic @entity2 manifestations. The immunosuppressive therapy was discontinued in 28% of cases and reduced in 46%. A total of 204 (45% female) chronic @entity2 @entity0 treated with ECP 1 to 110 months from transplantation have been considered in 20 series. One hundred twenty-eight @entity0 presented with skin involvement, 84 with liver, 31 with lung, and 59 with oral manifestations. Treatment duration ranged from 3 to 40 months. A regression of skin manifestations was observed in 76% of @entity0 with a complete response in 38%. An improvement of liver and lung involvement was reported in 48% and 39% of the @entity0 , respectively. Of the 59 @entity0 with oral manifestations, an improvement was obtained in 63% of cases. The overall @entity0 survival was 79%. ECP is a nonaggressive treatment that may benefit @entity0 with both acute and chronic @entity2 who do not respond to standard immunosuppressive therapy.

title: Extracorporeal photochemotherapy for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the initial management of pediatric @entity0 with lacrimal canalicular @entity3 (CA) involving the upper or lower eyelid. METHODS: The medical records of 15 @entity0 with symptoms of nasolacrimal duct (NLD) obstruction and CA of either the upper or lower eyelid treated from 1994 to 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical treatment consisted of nasolacrimal probing through the patent canaliculus. Preoperative findings, treatment, and outcomes were reviewed. Outcomes were considered good if the @entity0 had resolution of signs and symptoms of lacrimal obstruction, fair if the symptoms improved and additional surgery was not required, and poor if additional lacrimal surgery was performed. RESULTS: CA was found in 19 eyes of 15 @entity0 : 11 eyes had @entity2 , lower. All 11 eyes with upper CA improved after NLD probing through the patent lower canaliculus. Of the 8 eyes with lower CA, 4 (50%) had good outcomes and 4 eyes had poor outcomes after NLD probing through the patent upper canaliculus. All of the latter @entity0 improved after subsequent treatment with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), monocanalicular stent placement, or both. CONCLUSIONS: If a @entity0 is found to have upper CA during initial surgery for NLD obstruction, NLD probing through the patent lower canaliculus has a good rate of surgical success. For @entity0 with lower CA, the success rate of NLD probing through the upper canaliculus appears to be lower. Additional treatment during the initial surgery with either @entity1 or monocanalicular stent placement should be considered in these @entity0 .

title: Initial management of congenital canalicular XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of the @entity1 ( @entity2 ) in measuring the distance from the limbus to the insertion of primary and previously operated rectus muscles in @entity0 . METHODS: In this prospective, double masked, observational study the distance of the extraocular muscle insertion from the limbus measured by @entity2 preoperatively was compared to intraoperative measurement using the surgical calipers. Consecutive @entity0 4-18 years of age undergoing primary or repeat strabismus surgery on horizontal or vertical rectus muscles between September 2013 and May 2014 were included. @entity0 with any condition that interfered with imaging were excluded. @entity0 were asked to look in the direction opposite to the muscle to ensure that the middle third of the muscle was being imaged and measured. RESULTS: A total of 65 muscles were evaluated, including 9 muscles undergoing reoperation and 10 vertical rectus muscles. Of these, 62 muscles were successfully imaged. In all reoperated eyes, the @entity2 were within 1 mm of the intraoperative measurements. Overall, 89.7% (95% CI, 78.8%-96.1%) of the measurements were within the 1 mm difference considered "clinically acceptable." The intraclass correlation coefficient comparing the reliability of the @entity2 with intraoperative measurements was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.53-0.85), or "good" agreement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 can accurately detect rectus muscle insertions in primary or previously operated cases in @entity0 as young as 4 years of age.

title: The accuracy of @entity1 ( XXXX ) in localizing extraocular rectus muscles insertions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the accuracy of the @entity1 ( @entity2 ) in measuring the distance from the limbus to the insertion of primary and previously operated rectus muscles in @entity0 . METHODS: In this prospective, double masked, observational study the distance of the extraocular muscle insertion from the limbus measured by @entity2 preoperatively was compared to intraoperative measurement using the surgical calipers. Consecutive @entity0 4-18 years of age undergoing primary or repeat strabismus surgery on horizontal or vertical rectus muscles between September 2013 and May 2014 were included. @entity0 with any condition that interfered with imaging were excluded. @entity0 were asked to look in the direction opposite to the muscle to ensure that the middle third of the muscle was being imaged and measured. RESULTS: A total of 65 muscles were evaluated, including 9 muscles undergoing reoperation and 10 vertical rectus muscles. Of these, 62 muscles were successfully imaged. In all reoperated eyes, the @entity2 were within 1 mm of the intraoperative measurements. Overall, 89.7% (95% CI, 78.8%-96.1%) of the measurements were within the 1 mm difference considered "clinically acceptable." The intraclass correlation coefficient comparing the reliability of the @entity2 with intraoperative measurements was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.53-0.85), or "good" agreement. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 can accurately detect rectus muscle insertions in primary or previously operated cases in @entity0 as young as 4 years of age.

title: The accuracy of XXXX ( @entity2 ) in localizing extraocular rectus muscles insertions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For a continuous treatment, the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is defined as the conditional density of the treatment, given covariates. @entity2 adjustment may be implemented by including it as a covariate in an outcome regression. Here, the unbiased estimation of the dose-response function assumes correct specification of both the @entity2 and the outcome-treatment relationship. This paper introduces a machine learning method, the 'Super Learner', to address model selection in this context. In the two-stage estimation approach proposed, the Super Learner selects a @entity2 and then a dose-response function conditional on the @entity2 , as the convex combination of candidate prediction algorithms. We compare this approach with parametric implementations of the @entity2 and to regression methods. We contrast the methods in the Risk Adjustment in Neurocritical care cohort study, in which we estimate the marginal effects of increasing transfer time from emergency departments to specialised neuroscience centres, for @entity0 with acute @entity1 . With parametric models for the outcome, we find that dose-response curves differ according to choice of specification. With the Super Learner approach to both regression and the @entity2 , we find that transfer time does not have a statistically significant marginal effect on the outcomes.    2015 The Authors. Health Economics Published by John Wiley _ Sons Ltd.

title: Evaluation of the Effect of a Continuous Treatment: A Machine Learning Approach with an Application to Treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity0 femur from Karain E Cave ( @entity1 ) exhumed from a Mousterian level provided the opportunity to make an incursion into the structural morphology of a late adolescent, or a young adult, femoral shaft from the late Middle Pleistocene of Anatolia. METHODS: Considering the chrono-ecogeographical context, this study focuses particularly on the endostructural morphological similarities between Karain and @entity2 fossils. RESULTS: Comparative analysis shows that some femoral features of the Karain specimen are frequently observed in @entity2 , in comparison to some Middle Pleistocene Homo and Middle/Upper Paleolithic modern @entity0 . In particular, we note a high degree of circularity and a strong midshaft posteromedial reinforcement of cortical thickness on the medial side. According to the mapping of cortical thickness, this latter feature can be related to the medial spiral distribution pattern of cortical thickness in the mid-proximal shaft, which is present at Karain and in all @entity2 available for this study. This spiral distribution was not identified in recent modern @entity0 and may be absent from ancient Homo with femoral pilaster. CONCLUSIONS: The endostructural signature of Karain could indicate a similar biomechanical strain system to that of @entity2 that could be linked to body shape. However, the presence of posteromedial reinforcement in Berg Aukas may point to an ancestral feature and may be independent of latitude. A larger comparative sample should further clarify the taxonomical, biomechanical, and chrono-ecogeographical origins of the structural femoral features observed in an evolutionary @entity2 context from MIS 7-9 in Karain. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: The endostructural pattern of a middle pleistocene @entity0 femoral diaphysis from the Karain E site (Southern Anatolia, XXXX ).

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity0 femur from Karain E Cave ( @entity1 ) exhumed from a Mousterian level provided the opportunity to make an incursion into the structural morphology of a late adolescent, or a young adult, femoral shaft from the late Middle Pleistocene of Anatolia. METHODS: Considering the chrono-ecogeographical context, this study focuses particularly on the endostructural morphological similarities between Karain and @entity2 fossils. RESULTS: Comparative analysis shows that some femoral features of the Karain specimen are frequently observed in @entity2 , in comparison to some Middle Pleistocene Homo and Middle/Upper Paleolithic modern @entity0 . In particular, we note a high degree of circularity and a strong midshaft posteromedial reinforcement of cortical thickness on the medial side. According to the mapping of cortical thickness, this latter feature can be related to the medial spiral distribution pattern of cortical thickness in the mid-proximal shaft, which is present at Karain and in all @entity2 available for this study. This spiral distribution was not identified in recent modern @entity0 and may be absent from ancient Homo with femoral pilaster. CONCLUSIONS: The endostructural signature of Karain could indicate a similar biomechanical strain system to that of @entity2 that could be linked to body shape. However, the presence of posteromedial reinforcement in Berg Aukas may point to an ancestral feature and may be independent of latitude. A larger comparative sample should further clarify the taxonomical, biomechanical, and chrono-ecogeographical origins of the structural femoral features observed in an evolutionary @entity2 context from MIS 7-9 in Karain. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: The endostructural pattern of a middle pleistocene XXXX femoral diaphysis from the Karain E site (Southern Anatolia, @entity1 ).

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the clinical features of uncinate process @entity3 and to improve the resection rate. METHODS: From January 1990 to June 1999, 10 @entity0 with pancreas uncinate process @entity2 received Whipple's operation. Portal vein (PV) resection and reanastomosis were performed in 5 @entity0 , and the resected length varied from 2.0 to 4.2 cm. Two @entity0 underwent PV lateral wall partial resection. RESULTS: Among the 7 @entity0 undergoing PV resection, 1 died of @entity4 3 days after operation. One @entity0 suffered from @entity1 . These 6 @entity0 survived 13 to 29 months postoperatively. Among the 3 @entity0 without PV resection, 2 survived 13 months and 14 months respectively. One @entity0 was alive by the end of follow-up for 11.5 months postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Although uncinate process @entity3 has a tendency to invade the adjacent PV and superior mesentery vein, it should not be simply regarded as a contraindication of radical resection.

title: Surgical treatment for uncinate process XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity9 -DNA glycosylase (Fpg) is a primary @entity0 in the repair of @entity8 , an abundant oxidative DNA lesion. Although the structure of Fpg has been established, @entity2 residues that define damage recognition have not been identified. We have combined molecular dynamics and bioinformatics approaches to address this issue. Site-specific mutagenesis coupled with enzyme kinetics was used to test our predictions. On the basis of molecular dynamics simulations, Lys-217 was predicted to interact with the O8 of extrahelical @entity8 accommodated in the binding pocket. Consistent with our computational studies, mutation of Lys-217 selectively reduced the ability of Fpg to excise @entity8 from DNA. Dihydrouracil, also a substrate for Fpg, served as a nonspecific control. Other residues involved in damage recognition (His-89, @entity1 -108, and @entity1 -109) were identified by combined conservation/structure analysis. @entity1 -108, which forms two @entity4 bonds with @entity6 in Fpg-DNA, is a major determinant of opposite-base specificity. Mutation of this residue reduced excision of @entity8 from thermally unstable mispairs with @entity3 or @entity7 , while excision from the stable @entity6 and @entity5 base pairs was less affected. Mutation of His-89 selectively diminished the rate of excision of @entity8 , whereas mutation of @entity1 -109 nearly abolished binding of Fpg to damaged DNA. Taken together, these results suggest that His-89 and @entity1 -109 form part of a reading head, a structural feature used by the enzyme to scan DNA for damage. His-89 and Lys-217 help determine the specificity of Fpg in recognizing the oxidatively damaged base, while @entity1 -108 provides specificity for bases positioned opposite the lesion.

title: Substrate discrimination by XXXX -DNA glycosylase: a mutational analysis.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A diagnosis of @entity1 and subsequent treatment are distressing not only for the @entity0 directly affected, but also for their intimate partner. The aim of this review is to (a) identify the main theoretical frameworks underpinning research addressing dyadic coping among couples affected by @entity1 , (b) summarise the evidence supporting the concepts described in these theoretical frameworks, and (c) examine the similarities and differences between these theoretical perspectives. METHODS: A literature search was undertaken to identify descriptive studies published between 1990 and 2013 (English and French) that examined the interdependence of @entity0 ' and partners' coping, and the impact of coping on psychosocial outcomes. Data were extracted using a standardised form and reviewed by three of the authors. RESULTS: Twenty-three peer-reviewed manuscripts were identified, from which seven theoretical perspectives were derived: Relationship-Focused Coping, Transactional Model of Stress and Coping, Systemic-Transactional Model (STM) of dyadic coping, Collaborative Coping, Relationship Intimacy model, Communication models, and Coping Congruence. Although these theoretical perspectives emphasised different aspects of coping, a number of conceptual commonalities were noted. CONCLUSION: This review identified key theoretical frameworks of dyadic coping used in @entity1 . Evidence indicates that responses within the couple that inhibit open communication between partner and @entity0 are likely to have an adverse impact on psychosocial outcomes. Models that incorporate the interdependence of emotional responses and coping behaviours within couples have an emerging evidence base in psycho-oncology and may have greatest validity and clinical utility in this setting. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Couples coping with XXXX : exploration of theoretical frameworks from dyadic studies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of the present study is to provide a morphological explanation of @entity2 ( @entity1 )-induced sloughing of germ cells that occurs in a stage-specific manner. Therefore, very early alterations in the seminiferous tubule epithelium were examined histologically in the @entity0 testis after oral administration of @entity1 (400mg/kg). Gaps between the elongated and round spermatids, the first indication of germ cell sloughing (pre-sloughing), were observed in stage late VI-early VII seminiferous tubules at 90-min post-treatment. Tubulin immunoreaction in the Sertoli cells was reduced in intensity in tubules with pre-sloughing. However, electron microscopy demonstrated that there were some intact microtubules in these cells. At 120 min, sloughing was seen in stage late VI-early VII and XIII-XIV. Tubulin immunoreaction in the Sertoli cells was greatly decreased in intensity in tubules where cell sloughing was observed. Electron microscopy showed that there were few microtubules in the body region of these cells. Stages II-V and mid-VII-VIII were exempt from the sloughing effect at 180 min. These changes in microtubules were not observed in Sertoli cells that did not exhibit sloughing characteristics, regardless of the post-treatment intervals. The present results suggest that stage specificity of sloughing is due to the stage-specific susceptibility of Sertoli cell microtubules to @entity1 .

title: Stage-specific effects of the fungicide XXXX on Sertoli cell microtubules in @entity0 testis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of the present study is to provide a morphological explanation of @entity2 ( @entity1 )-induced sloughing of germ cells that occurs in a stage-specific manner. Therefore, very early alterations in the seminiferous tubule epithelium were examined histologically in the @entity0 testis after oral administration of @entity1 (400mg/kg). Gaps between the elongated and round spermatids, the first indication of germ cell sloughing (pre-sloughing), were observed in stage late VI-early VII seminiferous tubules at 90-min post-treatment. Tubulin immunoreaction in the Sertoli cells was reduced in intensity in tubules with pre-sloughing. However, electron microscopy demonstrated that there were some intact microtubules in these cells. At 120 min, sloughing was seen in stage late VI-early VII and XIII-XIV. Tubulin immunoreaction in the Sertoli cells was greatly decreased in intensity in tubules where cell sloughing was observed. Electron microscopy showed that there were few microtubules in the body region of these cells. Stages II-V and mid-VII-VIII were exempt from the sloughing effect at 180 min. These changes in microtubules were not observed in Sertoli cells that did not exhibit sloughing characteristics, regardless of the post-treatment intervals. The present results suggest that stage specificity of sloughing is due to the stage-specific susceptibility of Sertoli cell microtubules to @entity1 .

title: Stage-specific effects of the fungicide @entity2 on Sertoli cell microtubules in XXXX testis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cyclical intravenous @entity7 therapy is widely used to treat @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ), but little is known about long-term treatment outcomes. We therefore reviewed 37 @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 type I, n   =   1; @entity8 type III, n   =   14; and @entity8 type IV, n   =   22) who started intravenous @entity7 therapy before 5 years of age (median 2.2 years; range, 0.1 to 4.8 years), and who had a subsequent follow-up period of at least 10 years (median 14.8 years; range, 10.7 to 18.2 years), during which they had received intravenous @entity7 treatment ( @entity6 or @entity5 ) for at least 6 years. During the observation period, the mean lumbar spine areal bone mineral density Z-score increased from -6.6 (SD 3.1) to -3.0 (SD 1.8), and weight Z-score increased from -2.3 (SD 1.5) to -1.7 (SD 1.7) (p   <   0.001 and p   =   0.008). At the time of the last assessment, @entity0 with @entity8 type IV had significantly higher height Z-scores than a control group of @entity0 matched for age, gender, and @entity8 type who had not received @entity1 . @entity0 had a median of six femur @entity2 (range, 0 to 18) and five tibia @entity2 (range, 0 to 17) during the follow-up period. At baseline, 35% of vertebra were affected by @entity4 , whereas only 6% of vertebra appeared compressed at the last evaluation (p   <   0.001), indicating vertebral reshaping during growth. Spinal fusion surgery was performed in 16 @entity0 (43%). Among the 21 @entity0 who did not have spinal fusion surgery, 13 had @entity3 with a curvature ranging from 10 to 56 degrees. In conclusion, long-term intravenous @entity7 therapy was associated with higher Z-scores for lumbar spine areal bone mineral density and vertebral reshaping, but long-bone @entity2 rates were still high and the majority of @entity0 developed @entity3 .    2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

title: Intravenous XXXX Therapy of Young @entity0 With Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Skeletal Findings During Follow Up Throughout the Growing Years.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cyclical intravenous @entity7 therapy is widely used to treat @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ), but little is known about long-term treatment outcomes. We therefore reviewed 37 @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 type I, n   =   1; @entity8 type III, n   =   14; and @entity8 type IV, n   =   22) who started intravenous @entity7 therapy before 5 years of age (median 2.2 years; range, 0.1 to 4.8 years), and who had a subsequent follow-up period of at least 10 years (median 14.8 years; range, 10.7 to 18.2 years), during which they had received intravenous @entity7 treatment ( @entity6 or @entity5 ) for at least 6 years. During the observation period, the mean lumbar spine areal bone mineral density Z-score increased from -6.6 (SD 3.1) to -3.0 (SD 1.8), and weight Z-score increased from -2.3 (SD 1.5) to -1.7 (SD 1.7) (p   <   0.001 and p   =   0.008). At the time of the last assessment, @entity0 with @entity8 type IV had significantly higher height Z-scores than a control group of @entity0 matched for age, gender, and @entity8 type who had not received @entity1 . @entity0 had a median of six femur @entity2 (range, 0 to 18) and five tibia @entity2 (range, 0 to 17) during the follow-up period. At baseline, 35% of vertebra were affected by @entity4 , whereas only 6% of vertebra appeared compressed at the last evaluation (p   <   0.001), indicating vertebral reshaping during growth. Spinal fusion surgery was performed in 16 @entity0 (43%). Among the 21 @entity0 who did not have spinal fusion surgery, 13 had @entity3 with a curvature ranging from 10 to 56 degrees. In conclusion, long-term intravenous @entity7 therapy was associated with higher Z-scores for lumbar spine areal bone mineral density and vertebral reshaping, but long-bone @entity2 rates were still high and the majority of @entity0 developed @entity3 .    2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

title: Intravenous @entity7 Therapy of Young XXXX With Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Skeletal Findings During Follow Up Throughout the Growing Years.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: This study explored the incidence and aetiology of @entity1 after @entity0 received the pneumococcal conjugate vaccination and a risk-based intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis against early onset @entity2 caused by group B @entity3 . We also monitored clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance. METHOD: We studied 3986 positive blood cultures from @entity0 up to 17  years of age at a paediatric hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, using data from medical records before and after the initiatives, to reduce early onset @entity2 , were introduced in 2007 and 2008. RESULTS: Bloodstream infections caused by @entity3 declined by 42% overall (5.6 to 3.2/100  000) and by 62% in previously healthy @entity0 under 36  months of age (24.2 to 9.2/100  000). Early onset @entity2 caused by group B @entity3 declined by 60% (0.5 to 0.2/1000 live born @entity0 ). @entity6 caused by these bacteria decreased by 70%. @entity4 and various Gram-negative bacteria became the dominant pathogens, in both previously healthy @entity0 and those with underlying disease. Overall, antimicrobial resistance remained low between the two 5-year study periods. CONCLUSION: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination and risk-based intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis against group B @entity3 effectively decreased the incidence of @entity1 . Empirical antibiotic therapy should target @entity4 in  both community and hospital-acquired invasive @entity5 .

title: The aetiology of paediatric @entity1 changes after pneumococcal vaccination and group B XXXX prophylaxis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: This study explored the incidence and aetiology of @entity1 after @entity0 received the pneumococcal conjugate vaccination and a risk-based intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis against early onset @entity2 caused by group B @entity3 . We also monitored clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance. METHOD: We studied 3986 positive blood cultures from @entity0 up to 17  years of age at a paediatric hospital in Stockholm, Sweden, using data from medical records before and after the initiatives, to reduce early onset @entity2 , were introduced in 2007 and 2008. RESULTS: Bloodstream infections caused by @entity3 declined by 42% overall (5.6 to 3.2/100  000) and by 62% in previously healthy @entity0 under 36  months of age (24.2 to 9.2/100  000). Early onset @entity2 caused by group B @entity3 declined by 60% (0.5 to 0.2/1000 live born @entity0 ). @entity6 caused by these bacteria decreased by 70%. @entity4 and various Gram-negative bacteria became the dominant pathogens, in both previously healthy @entity0 and those with underlying disease. Overall, antimicrobial resistance remained low between the two 5-year study periods. CONCLUSION: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination and risk-based intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis against group B @entity3 effectively decreased the incidence of @entity1 . Empirical antibiotic therapy should target @entity4 in  both community and hospital-acquired invasive @entity5 .

title: The aetiology of paediatric XXXX changes after pneumococcal vaccination and group B @entity3 prophylaxis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: New data suggest that a higher radiation dose will improve outcome in treatment of @entity1 . External beam radiotherapy (EBRT) may on the other hand induce disturbances in the @entity0 's urinary and intestinal function. Since 1997, 195 @entity0 have been treated with a stereotactic boost of 4-8 Gy added to conventional 70 Gy EBRT. Late side effects were prospectively evaluated 3 years after dose-escalated EBRT. METHODS: Urinary and intestinal problems were prospectively evaluated with a validated self-assessment questionnaire, the @entity1 Symptom Scale (PCSS). Two hundred and eighty-seven @entity0 completed the questionnaire at the 1 year follow-up, and 153 at 3 years after treatment. Pre-treatment mean age was 66 years. One hundred and sixty-eight @entity0 were treated with the conformal technique and 195 were treated with the dose-escalated stereotactic BeamCath technique. Mean total dose in the conformal group (< or =70 Gy) was 66 Gy (60.8-70.4 Gy). The dose-escalated group consists of three dose levels, 74 Gy (n = 68), 76 Gy (n = 74), and 78 Gy (n = 53). RESULTS: Analyzing the whole population 3 years after treatment, urgency and starting problems decreased in comparison to pre-treatment. A minor increase in @entity2 was reported 3 years after treatment in comparison to pre-treatment. No increases in other urinary symptoms were reported. Intestinal symptoms were slightly increased during the follow-up period in comparison to pre-treatment. Dose escalation with stereotactic EBRT (74-78 Gy) did not increase gastrointestinal or genitourinary late side effects at 1 year or 3 years in comparison to doses < or =70 Gy. CONCLUSIONS: The stereotactic BeamCath EBRT technique facilitates safe dose escalation of @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Prospective evaluation of urinary and intestinal side effects after BeamCath stereotactic dose-escalated radiotherapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between knee @entity3 . METHODS: The case-control study was conducted at Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from December 2009 to March 2011, and comprised @entity0 with primary complaint of knee @entity1 . A separate group worked as controls. The coincidence of knee @entity3 were assessed and compared between the two groups SPSS 15 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the 170 @entity0 , 90(53%) were in the case group having 20(22.2%) males and 70(77.7%) females, and 80(47%) in the control group having 18(22.5%) males and 62(77.5%) females. The overall mean age was 46.9  8.9 (range: 25-61years). Age and gender difference between two groups was not significant (p>0.05 each). Lifetime prevalence of radicular, chronic and recurrent @entity2 and its point prevalence in the case group were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05 each). Range of movement of the lower limb and lumbar region in the case group was less than the controls (p<0.05). Local subcutaneous tissue oedema of the lumbar region was more prevalent in the case group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in vertebral column posture between the two groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between lumbar and knee @entity3 should be considered in the assessment and management of @entity0 with knee @entity1 .

title: Association between knee @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between knee @entity3 . METHODS: The case-control study was conducted at Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, from December 2009 to March 2011, and comprised @entity0 with primary complaint of knee @entity1 . A separate group worked as controls. The coincidence of knee @entity3 were assessed and compared between the two groups SPSS 15 was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Of the 170 @entity0 , 90(53%) were in the case group having 20(22.2%) males and 70(77.7%) females, and 80(47%) in the control group having 18(22.5%) males and 62(77.5%) females. The overall mean age was 46.9  8.9 (range: 25-61years). Age and gender difference between two groups was not significant (p>0.05 each). Lifetime prevalence of radicular, chronic and recurrent @entity2 and its point prevalence in the case group were significantly higher than the control group (p<0.05 each). Range of movement of the lower limb and lumbar region in the case group was less than the controls (p<0.05). Local subcutaneous tissue oedema of the lumbar region was more prevalent in the case group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in vertebral column posture between the two groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The relationship between lumbar and knee @entity3 should be considered in the assessment and management of @entity0 with knee @entity1 .

title: Association between knee XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Oxidation of biomolecules may play a role in susceptibility to a number of diseases. However, there are few large-scale survey data describing oxidative damage that occurs in @entity0 and the demographic, physical, or nutritional factors that may be associated with it. Such information is essential for the design and analysis of studies investigating the role of oxidative stress in health and disease. This paper presents data on levels of two biomarkers of lipid peroxidation, @entity3 and F(2)- @entity6 , in 298 healthy adults aged 19-78 years. The study was conducted in Berkeley and Oakland, California, in 1998-1999. Sex was the strongest predictor of lipid peroxidation as measured by both biomarkers (p < 0.0001); it was stronger than smoking. @entity4 was positively associated with lipid peroxidation (p = 0.004), as was plasma @entity1 . Plasma @entity2 had a strong inverse relation (p < 0.001) with both biomarkers. Plasma @entity5 was also associated with F(2)- @entity6 . Other plasma antioxidants were not associated with lipid peroxidation biomarkers, once @entity2 was included in the multivariate model. Future surveys and epidemiologic studies should measure at least one marker of oxidative damage, as well as plasma @entity2 . These data would permit a better understanding of the role that oxidants and antioxidants play in the health of @entity0 populations.

title: Factors associated with oxidative stress in XXXX populations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity0 have extraordinarily high cardiovascular risk and mortality, yet the benefit of statins in this population remains unclear based on the randomized trials. We investigated the prognostic value of statins in a large, pure cohort of prospectively recruited @entity0 with @entity4 awaiting renal transplantation, and being followed up in a dedicated cardiac clinic. We prospectively collected demographic, clinical, laboratory, and pharmacological data on 423 consecutive @entity4 @entity0 on hemodialysis awaiting renal transplantation. Survival analysis was performed as a function of statin therapy. The baseline characteristics were as follows: age 57        11 years, males 64%, @entity1 in 68%, known @entity3 in 30%, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction 61        11%. Over a mean follow-up of 2 years, there were 43 deaths. Adjusted for age, gender, @entity2 , body mass index, @entity1 , @entity3 , smoking, and treatment with @entity7 converting enzyme inhibitor, b blocker, and antiplatelet medications, @entity6 use was a predictor of lower mortality (hazard ratio 0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.11-0.79, p   =   0.01). This beneficial effect of statin was supported by propensity score analysis (p   =   0.02) and was consistent across all clinical subgroups. The benefit of statins seemed to be greater in those with @entity5 and smoking. Statin therapy in hemodialysis @entity0 awaiting renal transplant is independently associated with better survival supporting its use in this high-risk population.

title: Survival Benefit of Statins in Hemodialysis XXXX Awaiting Renal Transplantation.

answer: @entity0