abstract: That portion of @entity3 and human serum globulin precipitated by 33 per cent saturation with @entity2 and precipitated on subsequent dialysis was taken as euglobulin; and the fraction precipitated between 33 and 50 per cent saturation and remaining in solution on subsequent dialysis was taken as pseudoglobulin. The sera of @entity0 injected with either of these antigens gave precipitation with both. However, two distinct and fraction-specific antibodies could be demonstrated by absorbing the sera with the one antigen, and testing the supernatant fluid with the other. The experimental results are adequately explained on the basis that there are at least two antigenically distinct globulins in serum which we may term globulin I and globulin II and which are largely associated with so called euglobulin and pseudoglobulin respectively. The ordinary methods of salting out and dialysis do not effect complete separation and each globulin preparation contains a trace of the other antigen. The antisera to these euglobulin and pseudoglobulin preparations therefore contain antibodies to both antigens. Each protein solution precipitates all the antibody specific for the one antigen and in addition, by virtue of the trace of contaminating protein, precipitates a portion, and only a portion of the antibody specific for the other antigen. The fact that antisera to whole serum contain these same fraction-specific antibodies suggests that this immunological specificity is an inherent property of two globulins present as such in serum and is not an artifact induced by their precipitation and purification. Lipoids extracted from the globulins by ether, @entity4 , and @entity1 give no demonstrable reaction with antisera to these globulins; antisera absorbed with a large excess of lipoid are not affected as regards their reactivity with the original protein; and globulins extracted with ether and @entity4 at room temperature are not affected as regards their reactivity with antisera. It is concluded that the immunological specificity of the globulin fractions as evidenced by the precipitation reaction is not determined by lipoids associated with the protein.

title: THE IMMUNOLOGICAL SPECIFICITY OF THE EUGLOBULIN AND PSEUDOGLOBULIN FRACTIONS OF XXXX AND H;MAN SERUM.

answer: @entity3


abstract: CONTEXT: Severe @entity2 among hospitalized @entity0 often necessitates initiation of short-term dialysis. Little is known about the long-term outcome of those who survive to hospital discharge. OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of chronic dialysis and all-cause mortality in individuals who experience an episode of @entity2 requiring dialysis. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : We conducted a population-based cohort study of all adult @entity0 in Ontario, Canada, with @entity2 who required in-hospital dialysis and survived free of dialysis for at least 30 days after discharge between July 1, 1996, and December 31, 2006. These individuals were matched with @entity0 without @entity2 or dialysis during their index hospitalization. Matching was by age plus or minus 5 years, sex, history of @entity1 , receipt of mechanical ventilation during the index hospitalization, and a propensity score for developing @entity2 requiring dialysis. @entity0 were followed up until March 31, 2007. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary end point was the need for chronic dialysis and the secondary outcome was all-cause mortality. RESULTS: We identified 3769 adults with @entity2 requiring in-hospital dialysis and 13 598 matched controls. The mean age was 62 years and median follow-up was 3 years. The incidence rate of chronic dialysis was 2.63 per 100 @entity0 -years among individuals with @entity2 requiring dialysis, and 0.91 per 100 @entity0 -years among control @entity0 (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.23; 95% confidence interval, 2.70-3.86). All-cause mortality rates were 10.10 and 10.85 per 100 @entity0 -years, respectively (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.95; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-1.02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 necessitating in-hospital dialysis was associated with an increased risk of chronic dialysis but not all-cause mortality.

title: Chronic dialysis and death among survivors of XXXX requiring dialysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine the association between body mass index (BMI), a measure of @entity1 , with emergency department admission rate in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: This was a prospective study in a tertiary care, urban pediatric emergency department. Treating physicians and academic associates enrolled subjects during June 2005 to April 2008. Eligible subjects with documented weight and height were between ages 6 and 18 years with chief complaint of wheezing. We compared admission rates between overweight @entity0 (BMI, > or = 85% percentile) and nonoverweight @entity0 (BMI, < 85% percentile). Data were expressed as mean (SD). Group comparisons were made by Student t test or Fisher exact test, as appropriate. All tests were 2-tailed with an alpha set at 0.05. RESULT: We studied 183 @entity0 , where 108 @entity0 were classified overweight. Demographic differences (mean age, male sex, and African-American race) between overweight and nonoverweight @entity0 were not statistically significant. In addition, changes in @entity3 outcome measures (inpatient admissions during the previous year, @entity3 visits in the last 30 days, and missed school days in the last 30 days) were not statistically significant. Only household @entity2 use approached statistical significance (P = 0.07). The admission rate for nonoverweight @entity0 was 9.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.3-18.3) compared with the 10.2% (95% CI, 5.6-17.5) for overweight @entity0 ; a P = 1.0 was equivalent. CONCLUSIONS: Body mass index, a method to quantify overweight @entity0 , failed to predict admission of @entity0 with ambulatory @entity3 who presented to the pediatric emergency department.

title: Body mass index and pediatric XXXX outcomes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: An essential requirement related to treatment of @entity1 @entity0 is a rapid and accurate detection of dengue virus during febrile stage of the disease. OBJECTIVE: The study examined using direct immunofluorescence staining the presence of dengue viral antigen in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). METHODS: Four hundred forty-five blood samples from 164 @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity5 , and other febrile illnesses were collected daily from the day of admission until discharge and also at convalescent stage. Blood smear was stained with @entity4 -conjugated polyvalent dengue antiserum and examined under a fluorescent microscope. @entity1 was confirmed by virus isolation and/or dengue-specific IgM and IgG enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test. RESULTS: Dengue viral antigens were found in most PBMC samples of @entity1 @entity0 collected on the day before defervescence and continued until 2 to 3 days afterward. The number of dengue viral antigen positive PBMCs was highest in @entity0 with @entity5 . Sensitivity and specificity of this method during the febrile stage was 93.8% (95% confidence interval: 88.8%-98.9%) and 100%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 69.0%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Detection of dengue viral antigen in direct PBMC smear provides a useful and rapid technique for early diagnosis of @entity2 .

title: Early diagnosis of XXXX by detection of dengue viral antigen in peripheral blood mononuclear cell.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Booster doses of diphtheria- @entity2 -acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccines restore waning serum antibody values but frequently cause local @entity1 . Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) develops after primary DTaP vaccination and might contribute to local reactions to booster doses, a possibility explored in this study. METHODS: Healthy 4 to 5-year-old @entity0 were bled before DTaP.IPV booster vaccination. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were tested for proliferative responses to D toxoid (DT), T toxoid, pertussis toxoid, pertactin, filamentous hemagglutinin and fimbriae (FIM) types 2, 3, and cytokine release patterns assessed. Proliferative responses were examined in relation to prebooster serum antibody concentrations and local reaction rates, previously reported. RESULTS: Among 167 subjects tested, proliferative response rates were: filamentous hemagglutinin 95%, pertussis toxoid 90%, T toxoid 84%, pertactin 67%, DT 41%, and FIM 31%. Responses were present to 3 to 6 antigens in 87% of subjects and absent altogether in 2%. Subjects without residual pertussis antibodies often had CMI to pertussis antigens. Subjects with CMI had higher corresponding serum antibody concentrations before the booster, compared with CMI-negative subjects. CMI responses were mixed @entity3 /TH2 type by cytokine profile for all antigens. Injection site erythema (>or=5 mm) was twice as frequent in those with than without CMI to DT (P=0.009) or FIM (P=0.042, Fisher exact test), the only antigens evaluable. CONCLUSION: CMI to vaccine antigens was often detectable in @entity0 before preschool booster vaccination and preliminary evidence suggests a role for CMI in local reactions to this dose.

title: Cellular immunity as a potential cause of local reactions to booster vaccination with diphtheria and XXXX toxoids and acellular pertussis antigens.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigate whether each of the following: @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity2 gene variant and the @entity8 reductase gene ( @entity6 ) mutation, are risk factors for acute @entity1 in Portuguese @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: 100 blood donors and 52 @entity0 with an established diagnosis of @entity3 or @entity4 were evaluated for genetic risk factors, by determining @entity7 genotype, @entity5 , @entity2 20210 variant and @entity6 mutation. RESULTS: We found a prevalence of 2.0% for @entity5 , 5.0% for the @entity2 20210 variant and 66% for the @entity6 mutation in blood donors. These values are similar to those found in the @entity0 (1.9, 3.8 and 58%, respectively). We found that 28/100 controls had the PI(A2) polymorphism, a frequency statistically different from that in the @entity0 (23/52). This difference was even more pronounced in @entity0 less than 60 years old (27/96 vs. 13/24). CONCLUSION: @entity5 , @entity2 20210 variant and @entity6 mutation do not seem to represent risk factors for acute @entity1 . However, the PI(A2) polymorphism could have a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. The presence of multiple genetic factors, more than single ones, could influence the development and outcome of @entity3 and @entity4 . Larger studies are needed in order to have a better insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms of this disease, along with its prevention and the development of new treatments.

title: Genetic risk factors in acute XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare self-complementary (sc) and single-stranded (ss) adeno-associated viral 2/5 ( @entity3 /5) vectors for retinal cell transduction in the @entity1 when delivered by subretinal injection. METHODS: ScAAV2/5 and ssAAV2/5 vectors encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) under control of the @entity2 beta actin promoter were prepared to the same titer. Equal amounts of viral particles were delivered into the subretinal spaces of both eyes of two @entity1 . In each @entity1 , one eye received the scAAV2/5 and the other the ssAAV2/5. In vivo expression of GFP was monitored ophthalmoscopically. The @entity1 were sacrificed, and their retinas were examined by fluorescent microscopy and immunohistochemistry to determine GFP expression patterns and to assay for glial reactivity. RESULTS: GFP expression in the scAAV2/5 injected eyes was detectable at a much earlier time point than in the ssAAV2/5 injected eyes. Expression of GFP was also at higher levels in the scAAV2/5-injected eyes. Expression levels remained stable for the seven month duration of the study. The types of cells transduced by both vectors were similar; there was strong reporter gene expression in the RPE and photoreceptors, although not all cones in the transduced area expressed GFP. Some horizontal and M  ller cells were also transduced. CONCLUSIONS: When delivered by subretinal injection in the @entity1 , scAAV2/5 induces faster and stronger transgene expression than ssAAV2/5. The spectrum of retinal neurons transduced is similar between the two vectors. These results confirm in a large animal model those previously reported in the @entity0 . ScAAV2/5 shows promise for use in the treatment of conditions where a rapid transgene expression is desirable. Furthermore, it may be possible to use a lower number of viral particles to achieve the same effect compared with ssAAV2/5 vectors.

title: AAV retinal transduction in a large animal model species: comparison of a self-complementary XXXX /5 with a single-stranded @entity3 /5 vector.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare self-complementary (sc) and single-stranded (ss) adeno-associated viral 2/5 ( @entity3 /5) vectors for retinal cell transduction in the @entity1 when delivered by subretinal injection. METHODS: ScAAV2/5 and ssAAV2/5 vectors encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP) under control of the @entity2 beta actin promoter were prepared to the same titer. Equal amounts of viral particles were delivered into the subretinal spaces of both eyes of two @entity1 . In each @entity1 , one eye received the scAAV2/5 and the other the ssAAV2/5. In vivo expression of GFP was monitored ophthalmoscopically. The @entity1 were sacrificed, and their retinas were examined by fluorescent microscopy and immunohistochemistry to determine GFP expression patterns and to assay for glial reactivity. RESULTS: GFP expression in the scAAV2/5 injected eyes was detectable at a much earlier time point than in the ssAAV2/5 injected eyes. Expression of GFP was also at higher levels in the scAAV2/5-injected eyes. Expression levels remained stable for the seven month duration of the study. The types of cells transduced by both vectors were similar; there was strong reporter gene expression in the RPE and photoreceptors, although not all cones in the transduced area expressed GFP. Some horizontal and M  ller cells were also transduced. CONCLUSIONS: When delivered by subretinal injection in the @entity1 , scAAV2/5 induces faster and stronger transgene expression than ssAAV2/5. The spectrum of retinal neurons transduced is similar between the two vectors. These results confirm in a large animal model those previously reported in the @entity0 . ScAAV2/5 shows promise for use in the treatment of conditions where a rapid transgene expression is desirable. Furthermore, it may be possible to use a lower number of viral particles to achieve the same effect compared with ssAAV2/5 vectors.

title: AAV retinal transduction in a large animal model species: comparison of a self-complementary @entity3 /5 with a single-stranded XXXX /5 vector.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the effect of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) inhibitor @entity7 on @entity4 and @entity1 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial. METHODS: setting: Outpatient clinic of the Department of Ophthalmology at the University Medical Center of Utrecht. @entity0 : Forty @entity0 with @entity4 were included. intervention: Each @entity0 received @entity7 (10 mg daily) or placebo for three months. After two months of a @entity7 /placebo free wash-out period, the groups received the reverse study medication for three months. Fluorescein angiography was performed to evaluate the retina. main outcome measures: @entity4 , @entity1 and contrast sensitivity. RESULTS: @entity7 had no effect on @entity4 , @entity1 , papillary leakage, @entity8 , and @entity6 . In a subgroup analysis, we observed a @entity2 ( @entity7 , 14 of 36 @entity0 ; placebo, 5 of 36 @entity0 ; P = .02) and a decrease in morning @entity3 ( @entity7 , 23 of 35 @entity0 ; placebo 10 of 34 @entity0 , P = .003) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity7 had no effect on @entity4 and @entity1 , we found a positive effect on the vascular system.

title: A randomized, masked, cross-over trial of @entity7 for inflammatory XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the effect of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) inhibitor @entity7 on @entity4 and @entity1 . DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial. METHODS: setting: Outpatient clinic of the Department of Ophthalmology at the University Medical Center of Utrecht. @entity0 : Forty @entity0 with @entity4 were included. intervention: Each @entity0 received @entity7 (10 mg daily) or placebo for three months. After two months of a @entity7 /placebo free wash-out period, the groups received the reverse study medication for three months. Fluorescein angiography was performed to evaluate the retina. main outcome measures: @entity4 , @entity1 and contrast sensitivity. RESULTS: @entity7 had no effect on @entity4 , @entity1 , papillary leakage, @entity8 , and @entity6 . In a subgroup analysis, we observed a @entity2 ( @entity7 , 14 of 36 @entity0 ; placebo, 5 of 36 @entity0 ; P = .02) and a decrease in morning @entity3 ( @entity7 , 23 of 35 @entity0 ; placebo 10 of 34 @entity0 , P = .003) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity7 had no effect on @entity4 and @entity1 , we found a positive effect on the vascular system.

title: A randomized, masked, cross-over trial of XXXX for inflammatory @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess @entity2 status and its impact on target position during daily intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in @entity1 @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: 23 @entity0 with @entity1 undergoing image-guided IMRT (78 Gy in 39 fractions) were included. On-board CBCT images were acquired daily and an endorectal balloon was placed daily. All @entity0 were instructed to have a full bladder. The interfraction changes in bladder dimensions in left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP), and superior-inferior (SI) directions were measured from CBCT images. Distances from the uppermost part of prostate to pubic bone (PP) and from the uppermost part of prostate to treatment isocenter (PI) were measured to determine changes in target position. Standard deviation (SD) in all fractions of each @entity0 was used to compare the variations between @entity0 . Bladder dimension change ratio and Z-score were used to normalize data between @entity0 . RESULTS: A total of 867 CBCT images were evaluated. The average LR, AP, and SI bladder dimensions were 7.8 +/- 1.5 cm, 6.7 +/- 1.4 cm, and 5.6 +/- 1.7 cm, respectively. The average LR, AP, and SI bladder dimension change ratios were 0.88 +/- 0.17, 0.90 +/- 0.15, and 0.86 +/- 0.32, respectively. The SD was significantly greater in SI dimension than in LR (p < 0.001) and AP (p < 0.001) dimensions. The interfraction changes in the three bladder dimensions were significantly larger than those of target position, and did not correlate with target position changes. CONCLUSION: Though they were not negligible, changes in @entity2 status did not have a significant impact on target position.

title: Using cone-beam computed tomography to evaluate the impact of XXXX status on target position in prostate radiotherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In @entity0 crops which were grown in the presence of various inhibitors, there was considerable variation in content of the various B vitamins. A higher degree of parallelism in variation in content was found to exist between @entity8 and @entity2 than between any other pair of vitamins; this has been interpreted as indicating that the predominant functions of these two vitamins are their established r  les in fermentation. Values for @entity7 indicate that it may be involved in fermentation processes, but this is not the case for other members of the B complex. @entity3 appears to be unique since in no case did the @entity3 content of @entity0 grown in the presence of an inhibitor fall below that of the control @entity0 . There was some evidence of synthesis of @entity3 , or a material with @entity3 activity, in the presence of certain inhibitors, the most striking instance being with @entity11 . An exogenous supply of @entity3 was essential for extensive proliferation of F. @entity0 , and @entity0 grown in a medium to which @entity3 was the only added vitamin contained the B vitamins in amounts very similar to those found in the control @entity0 , the most marked differences being in increased @entity5 and @entity10 contents. In the absence of @entity3 , significant amounts of all of the B vitamins except @entity3 were synthesized, both in the presence and absence of certain other members of the B complex. The addition of @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity9 to the culture medium caused a reduction in the amounts of @entity5 and @entity10 synthesized. F. @entity0 was able to grow in a xylose medium only when certain of the B vitamins were present, and even then growth was limited. Evidence was obtained for some synthesis of all of the vitamins investigated except @entity3 and @entity5 . The most significant differences in @entity4 content between galac @entity0 and the parent F. B. strain were in @entity1 and @entity5 , the former being considerably reduced in amount, the latter being increased.

title: EFFECTS OF CERTAIN LIMITING CONDITIONS ON THE SYNTHESIS OF B VITAMINS BY XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the value of @entity1 -related services by utilizing a health value model (HVM). Cost and quality criteria are evaluated in accordance with the interests of @entity0 , physicians, and purchasers. METHODS: We applied an HVM to a hypothetical statistical ("median") @entity0 with @entity1 whose visual acuity is 20/80 and to a group of @entity0 with @entity1 who are managed by our practice. We applied the model to calculate the value of these services by evaluating the responses of @entity0 and physicians and relating these responses to clinical outcomes. RESULTS: The consensus value of care for the hypothetical median @entity0 was calculated to be 0.406 (of 1.000). For those @entity0 managed in our practice, the calculated value is 0.682. Clinically, 79% achieved 20/40 or better visual acuity, and the mean final visual acuity was 0.2 logMAR (20/32). Value appraisals revealed significant concerns about the financial aspects of @entity1 -related services, particularly among physicians. @entity0 rated services more positively than did physicians. CONCLUSIONS: Amblyopia care is difficult, sustained, and important work that requires substantial sensitivity to and support of @entity0 and families. Compliance and early detection are essential to success. The value of @entity1 services is rated significantly higher by @entity0 than by physicians. Relative to the measured value, @entity1 care is undercompensated. The HVM is useful to appraise clinical service delivery and its variation. The costs of failure and the benefits of success are high; high-value @entity1 care yields substantial dividends and should be commensurately compensated in the marketplace.

title: A value analysis model applied to the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the technical and diagnostic feasibility of commercial multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detection of blood stream infections in a cohort of intensive care unit (ICU) @entity0 with severe @entity1 , performed in addition to conventional blood cultures. DESIGN: Dual-center cohort study. SETTING: Surgical ICU of two university hospitals. @entity0 AND @entity0 : One hundred eight @entity2 @entity0 fulfilling the American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine (ACCP/SCCM) severe @entity1 criteria were included. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: PCR results obtained in 453 blood samples from 108 @entity0 were compared with corresponding blood culture results. PCR resulted in a twofold higher positivity rate when compared with conventional blood culture (BC) testing (114 versus 58 positive samples). In 40 out of 58 PCR positive assays the results of the corresponding blood cultures were identical to microorganisms detected by PCR. In 18 samples PCR and BC yielded discrepant results. Compared with conventional blood culture the sensitivity and specificity of PCR was 0.69 and 0.81, respectively. Further evaluation of PCR results against a constructed gold standard including conventional microbiological test results from other significant @entity0 specimen (such as bronchio-alveolar lavage fluid, urine, swabs) and additionally generated clinical and laboratory information yielded sensitivity of 0.83 and specificity of 0.93. CONCLUSIONS: Our cohort study demonstrates improved pathogen detection using PCR findings in addition to conventional blood culture testing. PCR testing provides increased sensitivity of blood stream infection. Studies addressing utility including therapeutic decision-making, outcome, and cost-benefit following diagnostic application of PCR tests are needed to further assess its value in the clinical setting.

title: Improved detection of blood stream pathogens by real-time PCR in severe XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We examined the applicability of @entity1 -enhanced MRI (MEMRI) to the in vivo tracing of diffuse neuromodulatory projections by means of simultaneous iontophoretic injections of an extremely low, non-toxic concentration of @entity3 (10mM) and fluorescent dextran in the locus coeruleus (LC) in the @entity0 . We validated the use of the iontophoretic injection by reproducing previously reported results from pressure injections of @entity3 in primary somatosensory cortex. Twenty fourhours after injection in LC, @entity2 labeling was detected in major cortical and subcortical targets of LC projections including predominantly ipsilateral primary motor and somatosensory cortices, hippocampus and amygdala. Although the injections were in most cases centered in the core of LC, the pattern of @entity2 labeling greatly varied across @entity0 . In addition, despite a certain degree of overlap of the labeling obtained with both MEMRI and classical tracing, MEMRI tracing consistently failed to reliably label not only several minor but also major targets of LC, notably the thalamus. The lack of @entity2 labeling in thalamus possibly reflected a weaker functional connectivity within coeruleothalamic projections that could not be predicted by anatomical tracing. Inversely, a number of brain regions, particularly contralateral motor cortex, that were not or only sparsely labeled with fluorescent dextran were strongly labeled by @entity2 . This discrepancy could be partly due to both the activity-dependent and transsynaptic nature of @entity2 transport. The overall labeling produced using MEMRI with iontophoretic injections in LC indicates that the @entity2 imaging of highly diffuse projections is in principle feasible. However, the labeling pattern of each individual case needs to be carefully interpreted particularly before submitting data for group analysis or in the case of longitudinal examination of discrete changes in functional connectivity under various physiological or behavioral conditions.

title: Tracing of noradrenergic projections using XXXX -enhanced MRI.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many studies have demonstrated that in @entity1 there are decreased rates of marriage, fertility and marital fertility. However, it is not clear whether this finding occurs as a social consequence of having the illness or is an inherent part of the illness. One would expect it to vary across cultures if it were being mediated by social and cultural factors. METHOD: We investigated this by reviewing the marital and fertility data from a multi-ethnic first-contact group of @entity0 in London with CATEGO broadly defined @entity1 , and comparing this with similar data from a group of controls who were matched for age, gender and ethnicity. RESULTS: Our sample comprised 38 White British, 38 Caribbean and 24 Asian subjects. The Asian group were significantly older (mean age 38, P < 0.003) and had a greater percentage of females (50%). When compared to controls, the White and Caribbean @entity0 , but not the Asians, had decreased marital and stable relationship rates. There was also decreased fertility and marital fertility as evidenced by number of @entity0 among the Whites and Caribbeans, but again significantly not among the Asians. Marital status did not predict fertility rates, particularly among the Caribbeans. Regression analysis demonstrated an effect for age on the number of @entity0 but not on marital status. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that marital and reproductive behaviour are reduced in @entity1 , but this effect may be mediated by social and cultural factors and therefore not apply consistently across ethnicity. Further research is needed to prospectively investigate populations to determine whether impairments of this nature are inherent or consequential to the illness.

title: Fertility and marital rates in first-onset XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Studies document various associated health risks for @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Further study is needed by disability type. Using the 2006-2010 National Health Interview Surveys, we assessed the prevalence of numerous medical conditions (e.g. @entity6 , frequent @entity3 / @entity8 , @entity5 ), health care use measures (e.g. seeing a medical specialist and >9 office visits in past year), health impact measures (e.g. needing help with personal care), and selected indicators of unmet health needs (e.g. unable to afford needed prescription medications) among a nationally representative sample of @entity0 ages 3-17 years, with and without @entity7 . @entity0 in four mutually exclusive @entity7 groups: @entity9 (N = 375), @entity7 ( @entity7 ) without @entity9 (N = 238); @entity1 ( @entity1 ) without @entity9 or @entity7 (N = 2901); and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) or other @entity2 without @entity1 , @entity9 , or @entity7 (N = 1955); were compared to @entity0 without @entity7 (N = 35,775) on each condition or health care measure of interest. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated from weighted logistic regression models that accounted for the complex sample design. Prevalence estimates for most medical conditions examined were moderately to markedly higher for @entity0 in all four @entity4 groups than @entity0 without @entity7 . Most differences were statistically significant after adjustment for @entity0 sex, age, race/ethnicity, and maternal education. @entity0 in all @entity4 groups also had significantly higher estimates for health care use, impact, and unmet needs measures than @entity0 without @entity7 . This study provides empirical evidence that @entity0 with @entity7 require increased pediatric and specialist services, both for their core functional deficits and concurrent medical conditions.

title: Concurrent medical conditions and health care use and needs among XXXX with learning and behavioral developmental disabilities, National Health Interview Survey, 2006-2010.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Because most @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are young @entity0 , an important decision is whether to discontinue oral contraceptive (OC) use. The aims of this study were to evaluate (1) the number and size of @entity1 in @entity0 with various patterns of OC use and in @entity0 without OC use and (2) the modifications in the number and size of @entity1 during follow-up, according to OC use. METHODS: In a 9-year study in 216 @entity0 with @entity1 , the diameter and number of lesions documented by magnetic resonance (MR) imaging were evaluated (1) at diagnosis according to OC use as follows: group A, no OC use (n = 28); group B, high-dose OC use (n = 46); group C, low-dose OC use (n = 98); group D, successive use of high-dose and low-dose OCs (n = 33); and group E, use of progestogens only (n = 11); and (2) during follow-up in 136 @entity0 , 14 of whom were OC nonusers who stayed off OCs, 89 discontinued OC use, 26 took low-dose OCs, and 7 stayed on a progestogen only. Twelve @entity0 became pregnant. In 168 @entity0 , the diagnosis of @entity1 was made based on a combination of rigorously defined MR criteria. In the remaining 48 @entity0 , diagnosis was by surgical biopsy (n = 36) or resection (n = 12). Mean diameter and number of lesion(s) per @entity0 were assessed by MR imaging using the same protocol in all study @entity0 . RESULTS: No significant differences in the number or size of lesions were found in the 5 @entity0 groups. During follow-up, a change in lesion diameter occurred in only 4 @entity0 ; this event was not influenced by OC use. In the 12 @entity0 who became pregnant, lesion size was unchanged after delivery, pregnancy was uneventful, and delivery occurred spontaneously. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that (1) neither the size nor the number of @entity1 are influenced by OC use; (2) size changes during follow-up are rare and do not seem to depend on OC use; and (3) pregnancy is not associated with @entity1 changes or complications.

title: Oral contraceptive use and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The large majority of @entity0 located in the sella turcica are benign @entity3 derived from cells of the adenohypophysis. @entity3 represent the third most common primary @entity0 in neurosurgical practice, outnumbered only by @entity1 and @entity4 . Their biology of @entity3 is complex and they can cause a @entity7 , based on hormone profile secreted by proliferating cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the routine conventional methods and highly specific immunohistochemical methods in order to accurately predict the type of hormone secretion. Our study was investigated 142 cases admitted with @entity3 and treated by open surgery. Sections from each case were stained with routine @entity5 and Eosin method for histopathologic evaluation. Immunohistochemistry was performed on additional slides in order to detect specific @entity3 . Based on the immunohistochemical profile of @entity3 we found following results: 37 @entity6 ( @entity6 )-secreting @entity2 , 23 prolactin (PRL)-secreting @entity2 , 15 mixed @entity6 -cell/PRL-cell @entity2 , three mammosomatotroph cell @entity2 , two adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)-secreting @entity2 , one thyrotrophic cell adenoma, 18 gonadotroph @entity2 , 30 null cell @entity2 and 13 plurihormonal @entity2 . No correlation was found between conventional features and the immunohistochemical profile. The immunohistochemical profile of functional @entity3 is mandatory for a correct diagnosis. We revealed that staining characteristics of the @entity0 cells, such as acidophilic, basophilic or chromophobe are nowadays outdated as main principle of classification, because they not identify specific @entity2 .

title: Conventional examination versus immunohistochemistry in the prediction of hormone profile of XXXX . An analysis on 142 cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The JAK-STAT pathway is activated in the early and late phases of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in normal myocardium. The role of this pathway and the efficacy of IPC in @entity2 hearts remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that phosphorylated @entity4 (pSTAT-3) is necessary for effective IPC in pressure-overload @entity2 . Male @entity0 8 wk after thoracic aortic constriction (TAC) or sham operation underwent echocardiography and Langendorff perfusion. Randomized hearts were subjected to 30 min of global @entity1 and 120 min of reperfusion with or without IPC in the presence or absence of the @entity5 inhibitor @entity6 (AG). Functional recovery and STAT activation were assessed. TAC @entity0 had a 31% increase in left ventricular mass (1,347 +/- 58 vs. 1,028 +/- 43 mg, TAC vs. sham, P < 0.001), increased anterior and posterior wall thickness but no difference in ejection fraction compared with sham-operated @entity0 . In TAC, IPC improved end-reperfusion maximum first derivative of developed pressure (+dP/dt(max); 4,648 +/- 309 vs. 2,737 +/- 343 mmHg/s, IPC vs. non-IPC, P < 0.05) and minimum -dP/dt (-dP/dt(min); -2,239 +/- 205 vs. -1,215 +/- 149 mmHg/s, IPC vs. non-IPC, P < 0.05). IPC increased nuclear pSTAT-1 and pSTAT-3 in sham-operated @entity0 but only pSTAT-3 in TAC. AG in TAC significantly attenuated +dP/dt(max) (4,648 +/- 309 vs. 3,241 +/- 420 mmHg/s, IPC vs. IPC + AG, P < 0.05) and -dP/dt(min) (-2,239 +/- 205 vs. -1,323 +/- 85 mmHg/s, IPC vs. IPC + AG, P < 0.05) and decreased only nuclear pSTAT-3. In @entity3 , JAK-STAT signaling is important in IPC and exhibits a pattern of STAT activation distinct from nonhypertrophied myocardium. Limiting @entity4 activation attenuates the efficacy of IPC in @entity2 .

title: XXXX activation is necessary for ischemic preconditioning in @entity2 myocardium.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The JAK-STAT pathway is activated in the early and late phases of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in normal myocardium. The role of this pathway and the efficacy of IPC in @entity2 hearts remain largely unknown. We hypothesized that phosphorylated @entity4 (pSTAT-3) is necessary for effective IPC in pressure-overload @entity2 . Male @entity0 8 wk after thoracic aortic constriction (TAC) or sham operation underwent echocardiography and Langendorff perfusion. Randomized hearts were subjected to 30 min of global @entity1 and 120 min of reperfusion with or without IPC in the presence or absence of the @entity5 inhibitor @entity6 (AG). Functional recovery and STAT activation were assessed. TAC @entity0 had a 31% increase in left ventricular mass (1,347 +/- 58 vs. 1,028 +/- 43 mg, TAC vs. sham, P < 0.001), increased anterior and posterior wall thickness but no difference in ejection fraction compared with sham-operated @entity0 . In TAC, IPC improved end-reperfusion maximum first derivative of developed pressure (+dP/dt(max); 4,648 +/- 309 vs. 2,737 +/- 343 mmHg/s, IPC vs. non-IPC, P < 0.05) and minimum -dP/dt (-dP/dt(min); -2,239 +/- 205 vs. -1,215 +/- 149 mmHg/s, IPC vs. non-IPC, P < 0.05). IPC increased nuclear pSTAT-1 and pSTAT-3 in sham-operated @entity0 but only pSTAT-3 in TAC. AG in TAC significantly attenuated +dP/dt(max) (4,648 +/- 309 vs. 3,241 +/- 420 mmHg/s, IPC vs. IPC + AG, P < 0.05) and -dP/dt(min) (-2,239 +/- 205 vs. -1,323 +/- 85 mmHg/s, IPC vs. IPC + AG, P < 0.05) and decreased only nuclear pSTAT-3. In @entity3 , JAK-STAT signaling is important in IPC and exhibits a pattern of STAT activation distinct from nonhypertrophied myocardium. Limiting @entity4 activation attenuates the efficacy of IPC in @entity2 .

title: @entity4 activation is necessary for ischemic preconditioning in XXXX myocardium.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the course of @entity3 in @entity3 ( @entity3 ), a @entity0 model of early onset @entity8 ( @entity8 ) caused by a two- @entity6 microdeletion in @entity9 ORF15. METHODS: The retinas of 25 @entity3 -affected @entity0 (age range, 2-40.6 weeks) and age-matched control subjects were collected, fixed, and embedded in @entity4 resin for morphologic evaluation or in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) medium for TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry. Cell-specific antibodies were used to examine changes in rods and cones and to evaluate the effects of the primary @entity2 on inner retinal cells. RESULTS: Abnormal development of photoreceptors was recognizable as early as 3.9 weeks of age. Outer segment (OS) misalignment was followed by their disorganization and fragmentation. Reduction in length and broadening of rod and cone inner segments (IS) was next observed, followed by the focal loss of rod and cone IS at later time points. The proportion of dying photoreceptors peaked at approximately 6 to 7 weeks of age and was significantly reduced after 12 weeks. In addition to rod and cone opsin mislocalization, there was early rod neurite sprouting, retraction of rod bipolar cell dendrites, and increased M  ller cell reactivity. Later in the course of the disease, changes were also noted in horizontal cells and amacrine cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is an early-onset model of @entity8 that is morphologically characterized by abnormal photoreceptor maturation followed by progressive @entity7 and early @entity1 . The results suggest that therapeutic strategies for this @entity5 should target not solely photoreceptor cells but also inner retinal neurons.

title: A frameshift mutation in @entity9 exon ORF15 causes XXXX and @entity1 in a model of @entity8 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the course of @entity3 in @entity3 ( @entity3 ), a @entity0 model of early onset @entity8 ( @entity8 ) caused by a two- @entity6 microdeletion in @entity9 ORF15. METHODS: The retinas of 25 @entity3 -affected @entity0 (age range, 2-40.6 weeks) and age-matched control subjects were collected, fixed, and embedded in @entity4 resin for morphologic evaluation or in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) medium for TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry. Cell-specific antibodies were used to examine changes in rods and cones and to evaluate the effects of the primary @entity2 on inner retinal cells. RESULTS: Abnormal development of photoreceptors was recognizable as early as 3.9 weeks of age. Outer segment (OS) misalignment was followed by their disorganization and fragmentation. Reduction in length and broadening of rod and cone inner segments (IS) was next observed, followed by the focal loss of rod and cone IS at later time points. The proportion of dying photoreceptors peaked at approximately 6 to 7 weeks of age and was significantly reduced after 12 weeks. In addition to rod and cone opsin mislocalization, there was early rod neurite sprouting, retraction of rod bipolar cell dendrites, and increased M  ller cell reactivity. Later in the course of the disease, changes were also noted in horizontal cells and amacrine cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is an early-onset model of @entity8 that is morphologically characterized by abnormal photoreceptor maturation followed by progressive @entity7 and early @entity1 . The results suggest that therapeutic strategies for this @entity5 should target not solely photoreceptor cells but also inner retinal neurons.

title: A frameshift mutation in @entity9 exon ORF15 causes @entity2 and XXXX in a model of @entity8 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the course of @entity3 in @entity3 ( @entity3 ), a @entity0 model of early onset @entity8 ( @entity8 ) caused by a two- @entity6 microdeletion in @entity9 ORF15. METHODS: The retinas of 25 @entity3 -affected @entity0 (age range, 2-40.6 weeks) and age-matched control subjects were collected, fixed, and embedded in @entity4 resin for morphologic evaluation or in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) medium for TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry. Cell-specific antibodies were used to examine changes in rods and cones and to evaluate the effects of the primary @entity2 on inner retinal cells. RESULTS: Abnormal development of photoreceptors was recognizable as early as 3.9 weeks of age. Outer segment (OS) misalignment was followed by their disorganization and fragmentation. Reduction in length and broadening of rod and cone inner segments (IS) was next observed, followed by the focal loss of rod and cone IS at later time points. The proportion of dying photoreceptors peaked at approximately 6 to 7 weeks of age and was significantly reduced after 12 weeks. In addition to rod and cone opsin mislocalization, there was early rod neurite sprouting, retraction of rod bipolar cell dendrites, and increased M  ller cell reactivity. Later in the course of the disease, changes were also noted in horizontal cells and amacrine cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is an early-onset model of @entity8 that is morphologically characterized by abnormal photoreceptor maturation followed by progressive @entity7 and early @entity1 . The results suggest that therapeutic strategies for this @entity5 should target not solely photoreceptor cells but also inner retinal neurons.

title: A frameshift mutation in @entity9 exon ORF15 causes @entity2 and @entity1 in a model of XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the course of @entity3 in @entity3 ( @entity3 ), a @entity0 model of early onset @entity8 ( @entity8 ) caused by a two- @entity6 microdeletion in @entity9 ORF15. METHODS: The retinas of 25 @entity3 -affected @entity0 (age range, 2-40.6 weeks) and age-matched control subjects were collected, fixed, and embedded in @entity4 resin for morphologic evaluation or in optimal cutting temperature (OCT) medium for TUNEL assay and immunohistochemistry. Cell-specific antibodies were used to examine changes in rods and cones and to evaluate the effects of the primary @entity2 on inner retinal cells. RESULTS: Abnormal development of photoreceptors was recognizable as early as 3.9 weeks of age. Outer segment (OS) misalignment was followed by their disorganization and fragmentation. Reduction in length and broadening of rod and cone inner segments (IS) was next observed, followed by the focal loss of rod and cone IS at later time points. The proportion of dying photoreceptors peaked at approximately 6 to 7 weeks of age and was significantly reduced after 12 weeks. In addition to rod and cone opsin mislocalization, there was early rod neurite sprouting, retraction of rod bipolar cell dendrites, and increased M  ller cell reactivity. Later in the course of the disease, changes were also noted in horizontal cells and amacrine cells. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is an early-onset model of @entity8 that is morphologically characterized by abnormal photoreceptor maturation followed by progressive @entity7 and early @entity1 . The results suggest that therapeutic strategies for this @entity5 should target not solely photoreceptor cells but also inner retinal neurons.

title: A frameshift mutation in XXXX exon ORF15 causes @entity2 and @entity1 in a model of @entity8 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: By means of a novel adaptation of the Evelyn photoelectric colorimeter to the measurement of relative turbidities, the question of the flocculation maximum (F.M.) in @entity1 buffer solutions of varying pH and salt content has been studied on (a) an exceptionally stable prothrombin-free @entity2 and its solutions after incipient thermal denaturation and incomplete tryptic proteolysis, (b) plasma, similarly treated, (c) prothrombin, @entity0 , and (brain) thromboplastin solutions. All the fibrinogens show a remarkable uniformity of the precipitation pattern, viz. F.M. =4.7 (+/-0.2) pH in salt-containing buffer solutions and pH = 5.3 (+/-0.2) in salt-poor buffer (N/100 @entity1 ). The latter approximates the isoelectric point (5.4) obtained by cataphoresis (14). There is no evidence that denaturation or digestion can produce any "second maximum." The data support the view that fibrin formation (under the specific influence of @entity0 ) is intrinsically unrelated to denaturation and digestion phenomena, although all three can proceed simultaneously in crude materials. A criticism is offered, therefore, of W  hlisch's blood clotting theory. Further applications of the photoelectric colorimeter to coagulation problems are suggested, including kinetic study of fibrin formation and the assay of @entity2 , with a possible sensitivity of 7.5 mg. protein in 100 cc. solution.

title: THE FLOCCULATION MAXIMUM (pH) OF XXXX AND SOME OTHER BLOOD-CLOTTING REAGENTS. (RELATIVE TURBIDIMETRY WITH THE EVELYN PHOTOELECTRIC COLORIMETER).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether the development of cerebral microbleeds (MBs), small areas of signal loss on T2*-weighted gradient-echo imaging (GRE), follows a slow or a rapid process. We hypothesized that MBs may develop rapidly after certain critical events, such as @entity1 , and investigated the frequency, location, and factors associated with the formation of new MBs after acute @entity2 . METHODS: We retrospectively examined 237 consecutive acute @entity2 @entity0 who underwent MRI within 24 hours and follow-up MRI during the week after symptom onset. We defined new MBs as MBs that newly appeared on follow-up GRE outside the infarcted area. We examined the association of new MBs with demographics, risk factors, laboratory data, baseline @entity4 ( @entity4 ; @entity5 and @entity3 ). RESULTS: Seventy-five @entity0 (31.6%) had baseline MBs, and 30 (12.7%) developed new MBs. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the presence of baseline MBs (odds ratio [OR] 5.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.12-15.42, p = 0.001) and severe @entity4 (OR 2.94, 95% CI 1.12-7.77, p = 0.03) independently predicted the development of new MBs. Of the 56 new MBs, 29 (51.8%) appeared in the lobar location, 17 (30.4%) appeared in the deep location, and 10 (17.9%) appeared in the infratentorial location. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that new microbleeds (MBs) can develop rapidly after acute @entity2 . Baseline @entity4 are predictors for the development of new MBs. Further studies will be needed to investigate the clinical implications and mechanisms of these findings.

title: Rapid appearance of new cerebral microbleeds after acute XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of ALT, HBsAg and @entity1 DNA at the baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after @entity3 treatment on the long term (104 weeks) response in e antigen-negative chronic @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: 127 adult e antigen-negative chronic @entity2 @entity0 were enrolled in this study. All @entity0 received treatment on LAM 100 mg/d for at least 104 weeks. The liver function, serum HBV markers and @entity1 viral load were regularly checked during the treatment. The effects of ALT, HBsAg and @entity1 DNA at the baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after @entity3 treatment on the response at 104 weeks were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with serum HBV DNA less than 1000 copies / ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 50.0% and 86.8% in @entity0 with baseline ALT less than 5 ULN and ALT is more than or equal to 5 ULN, respectively (P less than 0.01). In @entity0 with baseline HBsAg less than 2000 COI and HBsAg is more than or equal to 2000 COI, the proportion of patients with serum HBsAg less than 500 COI at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 19.1% and 17.5%, respectively (P more than 0.05). the HBsAg serological conversion rates were respectively 2.1% and 2.5% , respectively (P more than 0.05), the proportion of patients with serum HBV DNA less than 1000 copies/ml was 61.7% and 67.5%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity0 with baseline @entity1 DNA less than 10(6) copies/ml and @entity1 DNA is more than or equal to 10(6) copies/ml, the proportion of @entity0 with @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml were statistically different at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment, however, the proportion of @entity0 with @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 62.7% and 67.1%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity0 with @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml and @entity1 DNA is more than or equal to 1000 copies/ml at 4 weeks after treatment, the proportion of @entity0 with @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 70.7% and 60.9%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity0 with @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml and @entity1 DNA is more than or equal to 1000 copies/ml at 12 weeks after treatment, the proportion of @entity0 with @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after treatment was 78.8% and 38.1%, respectively (P less than 0.01). CONCLUSION: e antigen negative chronic @entity2 @entity0 with baseline ALT is more than or equal to 5 ULN and @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 12 weeks after treatment have better virological response at 104 weeks after LAM treatment. The baseline HBsAg and @entity1 DNA load are associated with the virological response at 104 weeks after LAM treatment.

title: [Early prediction of XXXX response in e antigen-negative chronic @entity2 @entity0 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of ALT, HBsAg and @entity1 DNA at the baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after @entity3 treatment on the long term (104 weeks) response in e antigen-negative chronic @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: 127 adult e antigen-negative chronic @entity2 @entity0 were enrolled in this study. All @entity0 received treatment on LAM 100 mg/d for at least 104 weeks. The liver function, serum HBV markers and @entity1 viral load were regularly checked during the treatment. The effects of ALT, HBsAg and @entity1 DNA at the baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after @entity3 treatment on the response at 104 weeks were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with serum HBV DNA less than 1000 copies / ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 50.0% and 86.8% in @entity0 with baseline ALT less than 5 ULN and ALT is more than or equal to 5 ULN, respectively (P less than 0.01). In @entity0 with baseline HBsAg less than 2000 COI and HBsAg is more than or equal to 2000 COI, the proportion of patients with serum HBsAg less than 500 COI at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 19.1% and 17.5%, respectively (P more than 0.05). the HBsAg serological conversion rates were respectively 2.1% and 2.5% , respectively (P more than 0.05), the proportion of patients with serum HBV DNA less than 1000 copies/ml was 61.7% and 67.5%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity0 with baseline @entity1 DNA less than 10(6) copies/ml and @entity1 DNA is more than or equal to 10(6) copies/ml, the proportion of @entity0 with @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml were statistically different at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment, however, the proportion of @entity0 with @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 62.7% and 67.1%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity0 with @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml and @entity1 DNA is more than or equal to 1000 copies/ml at 4 weeks after treatment, the proportion of @entity0 with @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 70.7% and 60.9%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity0 with @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml and @entity1 DNA is more than or equal to 1000 copies/ml at 12 weeks after treatment, the proportion of @entity0 with @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after treatment was 78.8% and 38.1%, respectively (P less than 0.01). CONCLUSION: e antigen negative chronic @entity2 @entity0 with baseline ALT is more than or equal to 5 ULN and @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 12 weeks after treatment have better virological response at 104 weeks after LAM treatment. The baseline HBsAg and @entity1 DNA load are associated with the virological response at 104 weeks after LAM treatment.

title: [Early prediction of @entity3 response in e antigen-negative chronic XXXX @entity0 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of ALT, HBsAg and @entity1 DNA at the baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after @entity3 treatment on the long term (104 weeks) response in e antigen-negative chronic @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: 127 adult e antigen-negative chronic @entity2 @entity0 were enrolled in this study. All @entity0 received treatment on LAM 100 mg/d for at least 104 weeks. The liver function, serum HBV markers and @entity1 viral load were regularly checked during the treatment. The effects of ALT, HBsAg and @entity1 DNA at the baseline, 4 and 12 weeks after @entity3 treatment on the response at 104 weeks were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with serum HBV DNA less than 1000 copies / ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 50.0% and 86.8% in @entity0 with baseline ALT less than 5 ULN and ALT is more than or equal to 5 ULN, respectively (P less than 0.01). In @entity0 with baseline HBsAg less than 2000 COI and HBsAg is more than or equal to 2000 COI, the proportion of patients with serum HBsAg less than 500 COI at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 19.1% and 17.5%, respectively (P more than 0.05). the HBsAg serological conversion rates were respectively 2.1% and 2.5% , respectively (P more than 0.05), the proportion of patients with serum HBV DNA less than 1000 copies/ml was 61.7% and 67.5%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity0 with baseline @entity1 DNA less than 10(6) copies/ml and @entity1 DNA is more than or equal to 10(6) copies/ml, the proportion of @entity0 with @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml were statistically different at 4 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment, however, the proportion of @entity0 with @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 62.7% and 67.1%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity0 with @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml and @entity1 DNA is more than or equal to 1000 copies/ml at 4 weeks after treatment, the proportion of @entity0 with @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after LAM treatment was 70.7% and 60.9%, respectively (P more than 0.05). In @entity0 with @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml and @entity1 DNA is more than or equal to 1000 copies/ml at 12 weeks after treatment, the proportion of @entity0 with @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 104 weeks after treatment was 78.8% and 38.1%, respectively (P less than 0.01). CONCLUSION: e antigen negative chronic @entity2 @entity0 with baseline ALT is more than or equal to 5 ULN and @entity1 DNA less than 1000 copies/ml at 12 weeks after treatment have better virological response at 104 weeks after LAM treatment. The baseline HBsAg and @entity1 DNA load are associated with the virological response at 104 weeks after LAM treatment.

title: [Early prediction of @entity3 response in e antigen-negative chronic @entity2 XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Neuronal protein synthesis is inhibited in @entity9 pyramidal neurons for many hours after @entity2 , @entity5 or @entity11 . This inhibition precedes cell death, is a hallmark characteristic of @entity0 and may play a key role in the death of vulnerable neurons after these insults. The sequence of events leading to this inhibition remains to be fully elucidated. The protein synthesis failure after 7.5 min @entity5 /aglycemia in the @entity1 hippocampal slice can be prevented by blocking @entity8 receptors in a reduced @entity4 environment during the insult. In this study, we demonstrate that @entity8 exposure directly causes a dose-dependent, receptor-mediated and prolonged protein synthesis inhibition in @entity9 pyramidal neurons. The free radical scavenger @entity3 significantly attenuates this damage due to low concentrations of @entity8 (10 microM). Free radical generation by @entity10 / @entity10 oxidase (XOD) can directly damage protein synthesis in neurons of the slice. @entity3 , @entity6 and @entity7 can each prevent the damage due to @entity5 /aglycemia and to higher concentrations of @entity8 (50 microM), provided @entity4 levels are reduced concomitantly. These findings indicate that both free radicals and @entity4 play a role in the sequence of events leading to protein synthesis failure after energetic stress like @entity5 /aglycemia. They further suggest that the mechanism by which @entity8 receptor activation damages protein synthesis involves free radical generation.

title: Free radicals are involved in the damage to protein synthesis after XXXX /aglycemia and NMDA exposure.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Bipolar radiofrequency induced thermotherapy (RFITT) is a minimally invasive electrosurgical technique characterized by a precise controllable effect in the tissue. It has demonstrable efficacy, safety and reproducibility in the management of solid @entity1 . Our aim was to assess the morbidity and efficacy of RFITT as a palliative treatment of @entity2 . Prospective, non-randomized case series and analysis. After evaluation by the multidisciplinary Head and Neck Tumour Board at Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland, 12 consecutive @entity0 with a @entity2 without curative treatment possibilities were enrolled into the study. Five @entity0 had @entity3 , one had an unknown primary @entity1 growing through the skin on the neck, two had a recurrent @entity4 originating from the maxillary sinuses, one had a @entity6 , two had @entity3 , and one had a recurrent @entity5 of the parotid gland. RFITT was performed with a CelonLabPrecision generator using appropriate electrodes. The treatment was administered under local or general anaesthesia. The subjective morbidity of the treatment was evaluated. The response to the treatment was assessed clinically and with radiological imaging when feasible. All but two of the @entity0 received palliation to their disease. RFITT induced clinically a partial response in ten @entity0 , and there were radiological detectable changes. There were no treatment related complications, and the @entity0 tolerated the treatment well. RFITT in @entity2 @entity0 is easy to perform, well tolerated, and induces @entity1 mass. Continuous evaluation of RFITT treatment modality is warranted in selected palliative care @entity0 .

title: Radiofrequency induced thermotherapy: an alternative palliative treatment modality in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore a new therapeutic strategy against @entity4 and fulminant @entity4 , we studied effect of co-immunization with @entity1 DNA and HBsAg on the T cell proliferation reaction. METHODS: We immunized the BALB/ c @entity0 with @entity1 DNA vaccine (pcDS2) plus HBsAg by intramuscular injection. The immunization was performed on week 0, 2 and 4. The anti-HBs(IgG)antibody titer, T lymphocyte proliferation reaction , and the expression of @entity3 and @entity2 in CD3 T cell were detected on week 6. RESULTS: The anti-HBs IgG titer induced by pcDS2 plus HBsAg group was higher than that induced by pcDS2, or HBsAg alone. Compared to @entity0 immunized with pcDS2, or HBsAg alone, the stimulated index (SI) of T cell proliferation induced by the pcDS2 plus HBsAg group tested by MTH methods decreased. Besides, the immune suppression of T cell proliferation response induced by co-immunization group was further confirmed by flow cytometry. Finally, the expression of @entity3 and @entity2 in CD3+ T cell was up-regulated in the co-immunization group significantly. CONCLUSION: The co-immunization of @entity1 DNA vaccine and HBsAg can induce the humoral immune response, but cannot induce antigen specific T cell proliferation reaction. Besides, the immune suppression induced by co-immunization may be correlated with the expression of @entity3 and @entity2 .

title: [Suppression of the antigen-specific T cell immune response by co-immunization with the XXXX DNA vaccine and recombinant HBsAg].

answer: @entity1


abstract: As part of the @entity1 assessment after a suicide attempt contact with a significant other could be of importance in order to obtain an additional view of the @entity0 's situation, and thereby possibly broadening the basis of the assessment. The aims of this study were to investigate whether information from a significant other would be helpful in the @entity1 assessment of the @entity0 , and also in assessing the well-being of significant others and their need for support. For the purposes of the study, the significant other (SO) who had been recommended by the @entity0 was contacted directly after the suicide attempt. Almost all the @entity0 (95%) agreed to a social worker contacting an SO, and all the contacted SOs (n = 81) agreed to take part in the study. A semi-structured interview was performed by telephone or in @entity0 on the same occasion as we interviewed the @entity0 or as soon as possible afterwards. The study found that the SOs provided valuable additional information regarding the @entity0 's situation. When comparing the outcomes of the interviews with the SOs and those of the @entity0 , problem areas such as loneliness and lack of self-confidence were mentioned more often by SOs. Also, more @entity0 were reported to be repeaters by SOs, and suicidal signals from the @entity0 had been apprehended by 41% of them. Fifty-seven percent of the SOs who had given psychological and/or practical support to the @entity0 stated it was a burden to them, particularly if the @entity0 had @entity1 other than @entity2 . It was also found that more than half of the SOs wanted individual counselling and/or counselling together with the @entity0 . This study stresses the value of co-operation with the SOs after a suicide attempt, both in the immediate assessment of the @entity0 and in the planning of treatment strategies.

title: Significant others of suicide attempters: their views at the time of the acute XXXX consultation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: The presence of lipid in the upper gut is able to modify gastrointestinal motor performance, but its influence on the relaxation of the @entity0 stomach, which is known to modify gastric emptying, remains incompletely understood. The relaxation of the proximal stomach in response to various lipid concentrations was therefore studied in healthy volunteers. Since the observed effects could be mediated through osmolality or energy sensitive pathways, the effects of equicaloric and equiosmolar non-lipid solutions were also determined. METHODS: The tone of the proximal stomach was measured during stepwise inflation of a non-compliant bag sited in the proximal stomach, both before and after a test meal was delivered intragastrically. Iso-osmolar lipid emulsions were diluted in iso-osmolar saline at concentrations of 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20%. @entity2 solutions at osmolalities of 300, 600, 1200 and 2400 mmol/kg and @entity1 solutions of 836 and 3344 kJ/l were also given. RESULTS: All lipid meals of 2.5% or greater concentration induced a reduction in gastric tone in a non-dose-dependent manner, responses to 5% lipid (median (range) 74 (62-92)%) being similar to those to 20% lipid (80 (55-83)%; p > 0.05). No relaxation was elicited by isocaloric @entity1 . @entity2 only consistently caused relaxation at 2400 mmol/kg. CONCLUSION: Lipid meals reduce @entity0 proximal gastric tone by a lipid specific mechanism, independently of their energy content or osmolality.

title: Evidence for a lipid specific effect in nutrient induced XXXX proximal gastric relaxation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: We report the preliminary results of a study on the importance of juxtajugular and supraisthmian lymph node enlargement at US as a sign of occult @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined @entity0 submitted to thyroid US for noninflammatory thyroid conditions and for positive familiarity and studied the presence of supraisthmian and juxtajugular lymph node enlargement. The @entity0 were then divided into two groups: the clinical history, antibody titer and symptoms were studied in group A ( @entity0 with enlarged lymph nodes) and the antibody titer, symptoms and US findings were studied in group B ( @entity0 with a history of @entity1 ). RESULTS: Fifty-nine of 600 @entity0 were allocated to group A and 25 of 600 to group B. Of the former 59 asymptomatic @entity0 (10% of the total), 29% had supraisthmian and 85% juxtajugular lymph node enlargement, with some @entity0 positive at both sites. Forty-seven @entity0 (80%) had @entity2 (33 of them with positive antibodies and 23 with a clinical history); we had 12 false positives. Twenty-two of 25 group B @entity0 (91%) had supraisthmian (40%) or juxtajugular (83%) lymph node enlargement: 3 @entity0 with no enlarged lymph nodes had an over 3-year history of low antibody titers. DISCUSSION: Forty-seven of 600 (8%) asymptomatic @entity0 who had been never examined are or were affected with @entity2 . Ninety-one per cent of all @entity1 @entity0 had supraisthmian or juxtajugular lymph node enlargement, more frequently the latter than the former. CONCLUSIONS: Supraisthmian and/or juxtajugular lymph node enlargement appears to be a very useful US sign of @entity2 , even though these data need confirmation from larger series of @entity0 .

title: [Lymphadenopathy as specific ultrasonography index of XXXX . Preliminary data].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The prognostic factors of young @entity0 @entity1 (BCPs) are still controversial. This study is aimed at evaluating the prognosis of young BCPs by characteristics and treatment response. We analysed the data on 2,593 operable BCPs age <or=50 years who were treated in the @entity3 Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China between 1990 and 2004. The overall survival and recurrence/ @entity2 -free survival were compared. In the study, 782 @entity1 (30.2%) were <or=40 years, and 1,811 (69.8%) were 41-50 years old at their primary diagnosis. BCPs <or=40 years presented more unfavourable features than the 41-50 years BCPs (P < 0.05). They were more likely to experience @entity4 (P < 0.001) and recurrence/ @entity2 events (P < 0.001) even when they underwent the same adjuvant therapy in parallel with their counterparts (P < 0.05). In a multivariate analysis, age was an independent predictive factor for @entity7 (HR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.44-0.89, P = 0.009) but not for @entity6 (P > 0.05). Higher TNM stage and chemotherapy, but not @entity5 over-expression, were predictive factors for young Chinese BCPs. The characteristics of @entity0 are more aggressive in young Chinese BCPs. Their prognostic factors are obviously different from those of the elder group. Current therapy was not as effective for them.

title: Unfavourable clinicopathologic features and low response rate to systemic adjuvant therapy: results with regard to poor survival in young Chinese XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The prognostic factors of young @entity0 @entity1 (BCPs) are still controversial. This study is aimed at evaluating the prognosis of young BCPs by characteristics and treatment response. We analysed the data on 2,593 operable BCPs age <or=50 years who were treated in the @entity3 Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China between 1990 and 2004. The overall survival and recurrence/ @entity2 -free survival were compared. In the study, 782 @entity1 (30.2%) were <or=40 years, and 1,811 (69.8%) were 41-50 years old at their primary diagnosis. BCPs <or=40 years presented more unfavourable features than the 41-50 years BCPs (P < 0.05). They were more likely to experience @entity4 (P < 0.001) and recurrence/ @entity2 events (P < 0.001) even when they underwent the same adjuvant therapy in parallel with their counterparts (P < 0.05). In a multivariate analysis, age was an independent predictive factor for @entity7 (HR = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.44-0.89, P = 0.009) but not for @entity6 (P > 0.05). Higher TNM stage and chemotherapy, but not @entity5 over-expression, were predictive factors for young Chinese BCPs. The characteristics of @entity0 are more aggressive in young Chinese BCPs. Their prognostic factors are obviously different from those of the elder group. Current therapy was not as effective for them.

title: Unfavourable clinicopathologic features and low response rate to systemic adjuvant therapy: results with regard to poor survival in young Chinese @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The hyaluronidase first isolated from @entity0 plasma, @entity4 , is expressed in many somatic tissues. The @entity4 gene, @entity4 , also known as @entity4 , maps to chromosome 3p21.3 within a candidate @entity1 suppressor gene locus defined by homozygous deletions and by functional @entity1 suppressor activity. Hemizygosity in this region occurs in many @entity1 , including @entity3 of the head and neck. We have investigated whether cell lines derived from such @entity1 expressed @entity4 activity, using normal @entity0 keratinocytes as controls. @entity4 enzyme activity and protein were absent or markedly reduced in six of seven @entity2 cell lines examined. Comparative genomic and fluorescence in situ hybridization identified chromosomal deletions of one allele of @entity4 in six of seven cell lines. Initial RT - PCR analyses demonstrated marked discrepancies between levels of @entity4 mRNA and protein. Despite repeated sequence analyses, no mutations were found. However, two species of transcripts were identified when primers were used that included the 5' untranslated region. The predominant mRNA species did not correlate with protein translation and contained a retained intron. A second spliced form lacking this intron was found only in cell lines that produced @entity4 protein. Inactivation of @entity4 in these @entity1 lines is a result of incomplete splicing of its pre-mRNA that appears to be epigenetic in nature. Oncogene (2000) 19, 870 - 877.

title: HYAL1LUCA-1, a candidate @entity1 suppressor gene on chromosome 3p21.3, is inactivated in head and neck XXXX by aberrant splicing of pre-mRNA.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The hyaluronidase first isolated from @entity0 plasma, @entity4 , is expressed in many somatic tissues. The @entity4 gene, @entity4 , also known as @entity4 , maps to chromosome 3p21.3 within a candidate @entity1 suppressor gene locus defined by homozygous deletions and by functional @entity1 suppressor activity. Hemizygosity in this region occurs in many @entity1 , including @entity3 of the head and neck. We have investigated whether cell lines derived from such @entity1 expressed @entity4 activity, using normal @entity0 keratinocytes as controls. @entity4 enzyme activity and protein were absent or markedly reduced in six of seven @entity2 cell lines examined. Comparative genomic and fluorescence in situ hybridization identified chromosomal deletions of one allele of @entity4 in six of seven cell lines. Initial RT - PCR analyses demonstrated marked discrepancies between levels of @entity4 mRNA and protein. Despite repeated sequence analyses, no mutations were found. However, two species of transcripts were identified when primers were used that included the 5' untranslated region. The predominant mRNA species did not correlate with protein translation and contained a retained intron. A second spliced form lacking this intron was found only in cell lines that produced @entity4 protein. Inactivation of @entity4 in these @entity1 lines is a result of incomplete splicing of its pre-mRNA that appears to be epigenetic in nature. Oncogene (2000) 19, 870 - 877.

title: HYAL1LUCA-1, a candidate XXXX suppressor gene on chromosome 3p21.3, is inactivated in head and neck @entity3 by aberrant splicing of pre-mRNA.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) technique has facilitated en bloc removal of widely spread lesions from the stomach. This retrospective study aimed to determine factors associated with serious complications of ESD. METHODS: Between December 2001 and March 2007, we have performed ESD for 478 lesions in 436 @entity0 . We experienced 39 @entity0 with @entity8 and 17 @entity0 with perforation. Risk factors of @entity0 who received ESD in @entity6 for complications were evaluated, focusing on resected size, location, @entity4 , operation time, and experience of endoscopists. We evaluated the @entity0 ' background characteristics including sex, age, body mass index (kg/m(2)), drug history of anticoagulant, and underlying diseases including @entity10 , @entity9 , @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity11 , @entity5 and @entity2 . RESULTS: Multivariate analysis indicated a risk factor for perforation was long operation time. Multivariate analysis indicated a significant risk factor for @entity8 was size of the resected @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study indicated risk factors for serious complications of ESD. Large resected @entity1 size was a risk factor for @entity8 , while long operation time was a risk factor for perforation. Information regarding operation risk factors should be useful for planning strategies for ESD.

title: Risk factors for complications of endoscopic submucosal dissection in XXXX : analysis of 478 lesions.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: Widespread @entity2 has been related to disability and loss of quality of life, but in a few epidemiological studies also to increased mortality. The aim of this study was to further investigate the relationship between @entity2 , lifestyle factors and all cause mortality. METHODS: A random sample of an adult (age 25-74) Swedish population (n = 1609) responded to a comprehensive questionnaire on @entity1 , other symptoms, lifestyle, work and socioeconomic factors in 1988. Mortality data for this cohort between 1988 and 2002 were analysed. Survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier) and Cox proportional regression were used to study initially reported factors influencing survival. RESULTS: Individuals with widespread @entity2 showed an increased mortality risk (hazard ratio, HR = 1.95, CI: 1.26-3.03) compared to the group without @entity2 . Death due to @entity0 accounted for the increased mortality. Adjustment for lifestyle factors eliminated the excess risk. CONCLUSIONS: Increased mortality among individuals with widespread @entity2 is related to factors like smoking, sleep disturbances and low physical activity. The result emphasises the importance of including lifestyle factors in a cognitive-behavioural rehabilitation process. It remains to be shown whether health promotion activities aimed at lifestyle could change mortality among individuals with @entity2 .

title: Increased mortality among individuals with chronic XXXX relates to lifestyle factors: a prospective population-based study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this study, the effectiveness of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) was evaluated in lower extremity rehabilitation in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHOD: The study enrolled 40 @entity0 with @entity1 . Twenty @entity0 each were assigned to the treatment group and the control group. All @entity0 received a conventional rehabilitation program for a 4-week period. In addition to this rehabilitation program, @entity0 in the treatment group received NMES treatment for hemiplegic foot dorsiflexor muscles for 4 weeks, 5 days a week. The sessions were performed as one session per day and added to a total of 20 sessions. Clinical parameters were evaluated before and after the treatment. RESULTS: Pre-treatment and post-treatment evaluations showed a significant increase in ankle dorsiflexion and a significant decrease in the level of @entity2 in the treatment group (p < 0.05); however, there were no significant differences in the control group between the pre-treatment and post-treatment measures. Although Brunnstrom Stage, Rivermead leg and trunk score and Functional Independence Measurement motor subscore showed a significant improvement in pre- and post-treatment comparisons for both groups, the treatment group's scores were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.05). Functional Ambulation Categories showed a significant improvement in both groups following the treatment; however, there was no significant difference between the two groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Use of NMES in hemiplegic foot dorsiflexion can contribute to the clinical improvement of @entity0 when used in combination with rehabilitation programs.

title: The effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on clinical improvement in hemiplegic lower extremity rehabilitation in XXXX : a single-blind, randomised, controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of @entity3 in Segovia, Spain. METHODS: A cohort of 569 subjects was randomly selected in a stratified manner according to gender and age in a cross-sectional, population-based epidemiologic study, the target population of which was urban residents aged 40 to 79 years. All @entity0 underwent an ophthalmic examination that included measurement of visual acuity (VA) and refraction, tonometry, anterior segment biomicroscopy, funduscopy, optic nerve head photography, and visual field testing. Of those, 417 subjects were enrolled who met the inclusion criteria of a phakic right eye and VA over 20/40. The prevalence of spherical errors was assessed after calculating the spherical equivalent and defining @entity2 as -0.5 diopters (D) or less and @entity4 as +0.50 D or more. The prevalence of @entity1 over 0.50 D was evaluated in minus cylinder form. RESULTS: The estimated prevalences (95% confidence interval) of @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity1 , in the population were 25.4% (21.5-29.8%) 43.6% (39-48.4%), and 53.5% (48.7-58.2%), respectively. No significant gender difference was found in the prevalence of any @entity3 . The prevalence of @entity2 or the mean value did not change significantly with age. The mean @entity4 and the mean @entity1 (p < 0.01 for both) and the prevalence increased with increasing age (p < 0.01 for both). @entity5 of 1 D or more was present in 12.3% (49/396 subjects). CONCLUSION: More than 60% of the Segovia population over 40 years of age has a @entity3 , with 25.4% myopic and 43.6% hyperopic. @entity1 is present in over half of the population and the types change with age.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in an adult European population: the Segovia study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Brassinosteroids ( @entity1 ) are a new group of plant growth substances that promote plant growth and productivity. We showed in this study that improved growth of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) plants after treatment with @entity4 (EBR), an active BR, was associated with increased @entity0 assimilation and quantum yield of PSII (Phi(PSII)). Treatment of @entity5 ( @entity6 ), a specific inhibitor for BR biosynthesis, reduced plant growth and at the same time decreased @entity0 assimilation and Phi(PSII). Thus, the growth-promoting activity of @entity1 can be, at least partly, attributed to enhanced plant photosynthesis. To understand how @entity1 enhance photosynthesis, we have analyzed the effects of EBR and Brz on a number of photosynthetic parameters and their affecting factors, including the contents and activity of @entity2 carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). Northern and Western blotting demonstrated that EBR upregulated, while Brz downregulated, the expressions of rbcL, rbcS and other photosynthetic genes. In addition, EBR had a positive effect on the activation of Rubisco based on increased maximum Rubisco carboxylation rates (V (c,max)), total Rubisco activity and, to a greater extent, initial Rubisco activity. The accumulation patterns of Rubisco activase (RCA) based on immunogold-labeling experiments suggested a role of RCA in BR-regulated activation state of Rubisco. Enhanced expression of genes encoding other Calvin cycle genes after EBR treatment may also play a positive role in RuBP regeneration (J (max)), thereby increasing maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco (V (c,max)). Thus, @entity1 promote photosynthesis and growth by positively regulating synthesis and activation of a variety of photosynthetic enzymes including Rubisco in @entity3 .

title: Brassinosteroids promote photosynthesis and growth by enhancing activation of Rubisco and expression of photosynthetic genes in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Gene targeting of the @entity1 and @entity8 subunits of @entity1 has shown that @entity1 plays a critical role in osteoclast differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism by which @entity1 regulates osteoclast differentiation is still unclear. To address this issue, we analyzed alymphoplasia ( @entity5 / @entity5 ) @entity0 in which the processing of @entity9 to @entity8 does not occur owing to an inactive form of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity5 / @entity5 @entity0 showed a mild @entity3 with significantly reduced osteoclast numbers. @entity4 -induced osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow cells of @entity5 / @entity5 @entity0 also was suppressed. @entity4 still induced the degradation of @entity2 and activated classical @entity1 , whereas processing of @entity9 to @entity8 was abolished by the @entity5 / @entity5 mutation. Moreover, @entity4 -induced expression of @entity7 was impaired in @entity5 / @entity5 bone marrow. Overexpression of constitutively active @entity6 or @entity8 restored osteoclastogenesis in @entity5 / @entity5 cells. Finally, transfection of either wild-type @entity9 , @entity10 GRR that cannot be processed to @entity8 , or @entity8 into @entity8 -deficient cells followed by @entity4 treatment revealed a strong correlation between the number of osteoclasts induced by @entity4 and the ratio of @entity8 to @entity9 expression. Our data provide a new finding for a previously unappreciated role for @entity1 in osteoclast differentiation.

title: Processing of the @entity8 precursor @entity9 to @entity8 is critical for XXXX -induced osteoclast differentiation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Gene targeting of the @entity1 and @entity8 subunits of @entity1 has shown that @entity1 plays a critical role in osteoclast differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism by which @entity1 regulates osteoclast differentiation is still unclear. To address this issue, we analyzed alymphoplasia ( @entity5 / @entity5 ) @entity0 in which the processing of @entity9 to @entity8 does not occur owing to an inactive form of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity5 / @entity5 @entity0 showed a mild @entity3 with significantly reduced osteoclast numbers. @entity4 -induced osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow cells of @entity5 / @entity5 @entity0 also was suppressed. @entity4 still induced the degradation of @entity2 and activated classical @entity1 , whereas processing of @entity9 to @entity8 was abolished by the @entity5 / @entity5 mutation. Moreover, @entity4 -induced expression of @entity7 was impaired in @entity5 / @entity5 bone marrow. Overexpression of constitutively active @entity6 or @entity8 restored osteoclastogenesis in @entity5 / @entity5 cells. Finally, transfection of either wild-type @entity9 , @entity10 GRR that cannot be processed to @entity8 , or @entity8 into @entity8 -deficient cells followed by @entity4 treatment revealed a strong correlation between the number of osteoclasts induced by @entity4 and the ratio of @entity8 to @entity9 expression. Our data provide a new finding for a previously unappreciated role for @entity1 in osteoclast differentiation.

title: Processing of the XXXX precursor @entity9 to @entity8 is critical for @entity4 -induced osteoclast differentiation.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Gene targeting of the @entity1 and @entity8 subunits of @entity1 has shown that @entity1 plays a critical role in osteoclast differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism by which @entity1 regulates osteoclast differentiation is still unclear. To address this issue, we analyzed alymphoplasia ( @entity5 / @entity5 ) @entity0 in which the processing of @entity9 to @entity8 does not occur owing to an inactive form of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity5 / @entity5 @entity0 showed a mild @entity3 with significantly reduced osteoclast numbers. @entity4 -induced osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow cells of @entity5 / @entity5 @entity0 also was suppressed. @entity4 still induced the degradation of @entity2 and activated classical @entity1 , whereas processing of @entity9 to @entity8 was abolished by the @entity5 / @entity5 mutation. Moreover, @entity4 -induced expression of @entity7 was impaired in @entity5 / @entity5 bone marrow. Overexpression of constitutively active @entity6 or @entity8 restored osteoclastogenesis in @entity5 / @entity5 cells. Finally, transfection of either wild-type @entity9 , @entity10 GRR that cannot be processed to @entity8 , or @entity8 into @entity8 -deficient cells followed by @entity4 treatment revealed a strong correlation between the number of osteoclasts induced by @entity4 and the ratio of @entity8 to @entity9 expression. Our data provide a new finding for a previously unappreciated role for @entity1 in osteoclast differentiation.

title: Processing of the @entity8 precursor @entity9 to XXXX is critical for @entity4 -induced osteoclast differentiation.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Gene targeting of the @entity1 and @entity8 subunits of @entity1 has shown that @entity1 plays a critical role in osteoclast differentiation. However, the molecular mechanism by which @entity1 regulates osteoclast differentiation is still unclear. To address this issue, we analyzed alymphoplasia ( @entity5 / @entity5 ) @entity0 in which the processing of @entity9 to @entity8 does not occur owing to an inactive form of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity5 / @entity5 @entity0 showed a mild @entity3 with significantly reduced osteoclast numbers. @entity4 -induced osteoclastogenesis from bone marrow cells of @entity5 / @entity5 @entity0 also was suppressed. @entity4 still induced the degradation of @entity2 and activated classical @entity1 , whereas processing of @entity9 to @entity8 was abolished by the @entity5 / @entity5 mutation. Moreover, @entity4 -induced expression of @entity7 was impaired in @entity5 / @entity5 bone marrow. Overexpression of constitutively active @entity6 or @entity8 restored osteoclastogenesis in @entity5 / @entity5 cells. Finally, transfection of either wild-type @entity9 , @entity10 GRR that cannot be processed to @entity8 , or @entity8 into @entity8 -deficient cells followed by @entity4 treatment revealed a strong correlation between the number of osteoclasts induced by @entity4 and the ratio of @entity8 to @entity9 expression. Our data provide a new finding for a previously unappreciated role for @entity1 in osteoclast differentiation.

title: Processing of the @entity8 precursor XXXX to @entity8 is critical for @entity4 -induced osteoclast differentiation.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of harvested (LNs) and metastatic nodes (LNs+) represents the most significant factor to define postoperative treatment and prognosis in @entity3 . However, its assessment may be inadequate causing an incorrect @entity1 staging. The lymph node ratio (LNR: the ratio between metastatic and resected nodes) has shown prognostic significance in many @entity1 ; however, its role in @entity3 is not clearly elucidated. This study investigated LNR as a prognostic factor in node-positive @entity3 . METHODS: A total of 145 consecutive @entity0 with node-positive @entity3 who underwent curative surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy in a single oncologic unit entered this study. RESULTS: LNR ranged from 0.0416 to 0.9; it was clearly lower in @entity4 than @entity2 @entity0 , and increased as @entity1 stage worsened. ROC analysis selected 0.1818 as the best LNR cutoff value. Low LNR @entity0 did significantly better than high LNR @entity0 ; this difference was not dependent on the number of LNs and stronger than differences observed by grouping @entity0 according to LNs or LNs+. When stratified by low and high LNR value, @entity4 and @entity2 @entity0 , as well as stage III subgroups were shown to display substantially different outcomes. LNR was an independent prognostic factor for disease-specific survival, and the only covariate related to disease-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: LNR was a robust prognostic indicator for node-positive @entity3 undergoing curative surgery. Because this ratio-based staging was demonstrated to reduce stage migration and to aid in identifying high-risk @entity0 , it should be proposed as a standard tool for @entity1 .

title: The lymph node ratio is a powerful prognostic factor of node-positive XXXX undergoing potentially curative surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We report 10 @entity0 with the diagnosis of acute disseminated @entity9 . Diagnosis was based on clinical and radiologic findings, and after acute @entity4 was excluded by negative culture and antibody results. The most common presenting symptom was @entity12 , followed by @entity11 , @entity2 , @entity7 , @entity1 , and @entity8 . Brain magnetic resonance imaging showing bilateral symmetrical hyper-intense lesions of the same age in brain stem, subcortical white matter, thalamus, basal ganglia, or cerebellum was the mainstay of the diagnosis. The presence of a preceding event (either an @entity6 or vaccination) was present in 8 of 10 @entity0 . Brain computed tomographic scans were abnormal in 3 of 10, and electroencephalogram was normal in all @entity0 . High-dose corticosteroids were given to six @entity0 , one received low-dose @entity5 , and the other three had symptomatic follow-up. Those who relapsed were mainly from the symptomatic follow-up group. Only one @entity0 (the youngest) receiving high-dose @entity10 relapsed. Therefore, early high-dose @entity3 treatment seems to be the most effective treatment in acute disseminated @entity9 and can prevent relapses.

title: Acute disseminated XXXX in childhood: report of 10 cases.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in a prospective pilot study, the feasibility of identifying pathogens in urine using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and to compare the results with the conventional urine culture-based procedures. @entity0 AND METHODS: Severe @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are frequent in @entity3 @entity0 in the intensive-care unit (ICU) and in outpatients, and thus the reliable and fast identification of the bacteria is mandatory, but routine urine culture is time-consuming and the therapeutic regimen is often calculated and not culture-based. The study included 301 prospectively collected urine samples from 189 @entity0 with suspected UTI, based in a university hospital in 2005, and included outpatients and those in the ICU. Urine culture with Cled-, MacConkey- and malt extract agar of all samples was followed by microbiological identification of the pathogens in 98 samples with visible growth. In parallel, all samples were assessed using qualitative real-time PCR-based DNA detection and identification by labelled hybridization probes. RESULTS: In all, 15 dipstick culture-negative samples showed positive pathogen DNA identification by PCR. By contrast, 17 PCR-negative samples showed detectable pathogens by culture, of which 10 were not detectable on PCR because the identified pathogens were not represented in the probe panel. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting contaminated samples was 0.90 and 0.87, respectively. Overall, 95% of the mono-infection pathogens and 57% of the @entity1 pathogens were detected concordantly with both methods. CONCLUSION: In this prospective pilot study PCR-based identification of pathogens was feasible for supplementing conventional culture methods for the diagnosis of UTI. The main advantage is the time saved in identifying the pathogens. The limited pathogen detection in @entity1 -samples by PCR might be explained by competitive PCR amplification conditions.

title: Real-time polymerase chain-reaction detection of pathogens is feasible to supplement the diagnostic sequence for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A @entity3 occurred to a 64-year-old female with highly aberrant bile ducts due to sinistroposition. Methods of potential injury avoidance are discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A @entity0 underwent elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for symptomatic @entity4 . A @entity5 was diagnosed intraoperatively. Three days later, the @entity0 presented with @entity2 and rising liver function tests. The @entity0 was referred to our institution for suspected @entity3 . Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography showed complete occlusion of the common bile duct. A percutaneous transhepatic tube was placed in the bile ducts for decompression. During later operative exploration, a left-sided common hepatic duct was discovered. Review of preoperative imaging confirmed that the right hepatic duct crossed superior to the umbilical portion of the left portal vein and that segment 4 ducts drained into the right anterior sectional bile duct. CONCLUSION: This case describes an @entity1 associated with an injury to the common bile duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Knowledge of the complex and unusual alterations in biliary anatomy, which may accompany sinistroposition of the gallbladder, should aid in avoidance of such injuries in the future.

title: Common XXXX following laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the setting of sinistroposition of the galladder and biliary confluence: a case report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The surgeon is the key "prognosis factor" for @entity2 . For this reason quality criteria were recently established (including minimum numbers) in order to treat @entity0 who are entitled to the best quality of care and to improve the prognosis. The aim of this study was to critically discuss the existing demands on the surgeon based on the current literature and our own results and to formulate evidence-based quality criteria for surgical clinics. After reviewing the current literature criteria were compiled, discussed and finally presented in a summarized form. These are based on current developments on the diagnostic and therapy of large intestine and @entity2 . New developments of the German @entity1 Society for planning of organ centers are incorporated. The quintessence of our study is that the number of cases alone is not decisive for the success of therapy. Important are the application of the correct surgical-oncology operation procedure, adherence to standards and the training of surgeons. Following the S3 guidelines stage-oriented therapy should additionally be carried out in a structured sequence. This includes an interdisciplinary decision making on the diagnostic and therapy strategy ( @entity1 board). The organization structure of the hospital (teams, @entity1 board, emergency care with intensive care unit, emergency diagnostic and options for interventional measures) can be more important than the hospital case numbers alone. These demands which have been evaluated from published data and own results are designed to raise the therapy of @entity2 to the best possible level of quality and to effect a further improvement in the prognosis.

title: [Quality criteria for treatment of XXXX . From a surgeon's viewpoint].

answer: @entity2