abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of different physical fitness levels [assessed by the maximal @entity1 uptake (VO2max) test] with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) risk factors in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: A total of 150 @entity4 @entity0 were assessed for @entity5 with a VO2max test and, based on this, were split in three groups using the 33rd (18.1 ml/kg/min) and 66th (22.4 ml/kg/min) centiles. Classical and novel @entity2 risk factors [blood pressure, body fat, insulin resistance, @entity3 , @entity6 , high-density lipoprotein (HDL), physical activity, CRP, fibrinogen and white cell count], 10-year @entity2 risk, disease activity (DAS28) and severity (HAQ) were assessed in all cases. RESULTS: Mean VO2max for all @entity4 @entity0 was 20.9 (s.d. 5.7) ml/kg/min. The 10-year @entity2 risk (P = 0.003), systolic blood pressure (P = 0.039), HDL (P = 0.017), insulin resistance and body fat (both at P < 0.001), CRP (P = 0.005), white blood cell count (P = 0.015) and fibrinogen (P < 0.001) were significantly different between the VO2max tertiles favouring the group with the higher VO2max levels. In multivariate analyses of variance, VO2max was significantly associated with body fat (P < 0.001), HDL (P = 0.007), insulin resistance (P < 0.003) and 10-year @entity2 risk (P < 0.001), even after adjustment for DAS28, HAQ and physical activity. CONCLUSION: VO2max levels are alarmingly low in @entity4 @entity0 . Higher levels of VO2max are associated with a better cardiovascular profile in this population. Future studies need to focus on developing effective behavioural interventions to improve @entity5 in @entity4 .

title: @entity5 levels and their association with cardiovascular profile in XXXX with @entity4 : a cross-sectional study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 determinations in biological fluids are of great interest in biological or toxicological research programs. Cobalturia is often chosen as an indicator for a biological monitoring program in occupational exposure to @entity0 dusts. The method described here derives from the IUPAC reference method for @entity1 determination. It enables cobaltemia and cobalturia to be measured in small samples (1 mL). The mean usual values for @entity0 in biological fluids are very low (2.7 nmol @entity2 for serum and 6.7 nmol @entity2 for urine), and therefore, thus require an analytical procedure with preconcentration and extraction. The sample is mineralized by wet acid digestion. After digestion, inorganic @entity0 is extracted in form of @entity4 complex into @entity3 and measured in the organic layer by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. The analytical parameters are described in detail. The extraction output is about 99%. The detection limits are 1.93 and 1.89 nmol @entity2 for serum and urine, respectively. Sensitivity (expressed as the concentration that gives a 0.044 absorbance) is 3.4 nmol @entity2 for serum and 3.3 nmol @entity2 for urine. Within-run precision ranged between 3.9 and 2.5% (coefficients of variation) for serum and 4.2 and 1.1% for urine, at 87 and 136 nmol @entity2 levels, respectively. Between-run precision ranged between 4.3 and 3.3% (coefficients of variation) for serum and 4.2 and 2.3% for urine, at 87 and 136 nmol @entity2 levels, respectively. At very low concentration, 5.7 nmol @entity2 for serum and 2.5 nmol @entity2 for urine, the between-run precision is, respectively, 19.5 and 28%. Linearity is effective between 0 and 272 nmol @entity2 . Interferences and matrix effects are negligible for urine, serum, or plasma samples without hemoglobin. The method is easily applicable for routine determinations.

title: XXXX determination in serum and urine by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The mathematical modeling of @entity0 xenograft experiments following the dosing of antitumor drugs has received much attention in the last decade. Biomarker data can further provide useful insights on the pathological processes and be used for translational purposes in the early clinical development. Therefore, it is of particular interest the development of integrated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) models encompassing drug, biomarker and @entity0 -size data. This paper investigates the reciprocal consistency of three types of models: @entity0 , such as established drug-driven @entity1 ( @entity1 ) models, drug-to-biomarker, e.g. indirect response models, and biomarker-to- @entity0 , e.g. the more recent biomarker-driven @entity1 models. In particular, this paper derives a mathematical relationship that guarantees the steady-state equivalence of the cascade of drug-to-biomarker and biomarker-to- @entity0 models with a @entity0 @entity1 model. Using the Simeoni @entity1 model as a reference, conditions for steady-state equivalence are worked out and used to derive a new biomarker-driven model. Simulated and real data are used to show that in realistic cases the steady-state equivalence extends also to transient responses. The possibility of predicting the @entity0 potency of a new candidate drug based only on biomarker response is discussed.

title: Biomarker- versus drug-driven XXXX models: an equivalence analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no consensus on the optimum timing of MRI in neonates with @entity3 treated with @entity2 . Reliable early imaging assessment might help managing treatment. OBJECTIVE: To assess non-random differences between early and late MRI that might influence intensive-care decisions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-center retrospective study included all asphyxiated term neonates eligible for @entity2 treatment November 2009-July 2012. MRI scans were systematically performed at day 4 (early MRI) and day 11 of life as part of routine protocol. Two experienced pediatric radiologists reviewed both scans according to three assessment methods: a pattern classification, a scoring system and a simplified classification. Agreement between early and late imaging findings was assessed using Cohen's kappa coefficients. RESULTS: Thirty-three neonates were included. Interobserver agreement was excellent. Early MRI detected all severe @entity0 . Agreement between early and late MRI was excellent for the simplified classification (k   =   0.82), good for the pattern classification (k   =   0.64), and good to excellent for 3 scores out of 4 in the scoring system (k   =   0.70-0.89). CONCLUSION: Early MRI may provide valuable information about @entity1 to help parents and neonatologists in intensive-care decisions at the end of @entity2 treatment.

title: Comparison of early and late MRI in neonatal XXXX using three assessment methods.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Incarceration of inguinal, umbilical and cicatricial @entity4 is a frequent problem. However, little is known about the relationship between the use of mesh and outcome after surgery. The goal of this study was to describe the relationship between the use of mesh in @entity4 and the clinical outcome. @entity0 AND METHODS: Correspondence, operation reports and @entity0 files between January 1995 and December 2005 of @entity0 presented at one academic and one teaching hospital in Rotterdam were searched for the following keywords: incarceration, strangulation and @entity4 . The @entity0 characteristics, clinical presentation, pre-operative findings and clinical course were scored and analysed. RESULTS: A total of 203 @entity0 could be identified: 76 inguinal, 52 umbilical, 39 incisional, 14 epigastric, 14 femoral, five trocar and three spigelian @entity4 . In the statistical analysis, epigastric, femoral, trocar and spigelian @entity4 were pooled, due to their small group sizes. One @entity0 was excluded from the analysis because the @entity4 was not corrected during operation. In total, 99 @entity4 were repaired using mesh versus 103 primary suture repairs. Twenty-five wound @entity1 were registered (12.3%). One mesh was removed during a reintervention for @entity5 , although no signs of @entity7 were present. Nine @entity0 died, none of them due to wound-related problems [one cardiovascular, one @entity6 , two @entity5 , two @entity2 e causa incognita (e.c.i.), three @entity3 ]. Univariate analysis showed that female @entity0 (P  =  0.007), adipose @entity0 (P  =  0.016), @entity0 with an umbilical @entity4 (P  =  0.01) and @entity0 who underwent a bowel resection (P  =  0.015) had a significantly higher rate of wound @entity1 . The type of repair (e.g. primary suture or mesh), use of antibiotic prophylaxis, gender, ASA class and age showed no significant relation with @entity7 . After logistic regression analysis, only bowel resection (P  =  0.020) showed a significant relation with @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: Wound infection rates are high after the correction of acute @entity4 , but clinical consequences are relatively low. Mesh correction of an acute @entity4 seems to be safe and should be considered in every @entity4 .

title: The use of mesh in acute XXXX : frequency and outcome in 99 cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Our objective was to analyze the long-term oncologic outcomes of fertility-preserving hormonal treatment with @entity3 ( @entity2 ) in @entity0 with APA. METHODS: In a retrospective chart review, we identified @entity0 with APA who were treated with @entity2 for fertility preservation at our hospital between 2001 and 2011. Eighteen @entity0 with histologically diagnosed APA were identified. Clinical data including treatment, obstetrical, and oncologic outcomes were recorded. RESULTS: The mean observation period was 77.6 months (median 73.5, range 22-142), and the mean age was 33.6 years. Four @entity0 also developed well-differentiated @entity1 . After the treatment, 14 @entity0 (77.8 %) achieved either a complete response or partial response. Eight @entity0 experienced recurrence, while four experienced persistent disease. Ten @entity0 (55.6 %) eventually underwent hysterectomy. The median time to hysterectomy was 40.3 months (range 24-68). Nine @entity0 progressed to @entity1 , and one experienced persistent APA. Among younger @entity0 (<35 years of age), four out of five @entity0 who were married could have @entity0 . Seven @entity0 (38.9 %) showed no evidence of the disease during the observation period (median 60 months, range 22-117 months). No one died because of the disease during the observation period. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 yields a high response rate in APA, and if only younger @entity0 are considered, a favorable pregnancy rate can be obtained. However, because recurrence rate is high, long-term follow-up under supervision of a trained gynecologic oncologist is required. To confirm @entity2 's utility, multi-center collaboration would be warranted.

title: Long-term outcomes of fertility-sparing treatment of atypical polypoid adenomyoma with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We wished to investigate the modulating effects of a glucocorticoid on mortality and sustained @entity3 in endotoxemic @entity0 in conjunction with in vitro study of responses of isolated aorta to @entity7 , @entity5 (NE), and @entity4 ( @entity6 ). @entity8 was induced by intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection of 50 mg/kg @entity2 endotoxin in @entity0 , resulting in high mortality. Pretreatment with U-67,590A, @entity9 , at a dose of 9 mg/kg resulted in 100% survival; the survival rate of saline-treated controls was 21%. Isolated @entity0 aorta that had been treated with endotoxin for 4 h showed decreases in contractile responses to @entity7 and NE and in relaxing response to @entity6 . Similar attenuation of contractile responsiveness was observed in endothelium-denuded preparations. Addition of endotoxin to the in vitro tissue bath did not inhibit the responses in a 4-h period. Pretreatment with @entity9 inhibited the late gradual decrease in blood pressure (BP) but not the early @entity3 response to endotoxin. The responses to @entity7 or NE of aorta isolated 4 h after the endotoxin injection remained suppressed in U-67,590A-treated @entity0 but were restored in 24 h. These results suggest that @entity8 impairs the endothelium moderately, but this does not account for either reduced reactivity of vascular smooth muscle to vasoconstrictor agents or the sustained @entity3 . The @entity1 inhibits @entity8 -induced mortality and sustained @entity3 .

title: Antishock effect of U-67,590A, XXXX , associated with restoration of lowered vascular reactivity in endotoxemic @entity0 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: We wished to investigate the modulating effects of a glucocorticoid on mortality and sustained @entity3 in endotoxemic @entity0 in conjunction with in vitro study of responses of isolated aorta to @entity7 , @entity5 (NE), and @entity4 ( @entity6 ). @entity8 was induced by intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection of 50 mg/kg @entity2 endotoxin in @entity0 , resulting in high mortality. Pretreatment with U-67,590A, @entity9 , at a dose of 9 mg/kg resulted in 100% survival; the survival rate of saline-treated controls was 21%. Isolated @entity0 aorta that had been treated with endotoxin for 4 h showed decreases in contractile responses to @entity7 and NE and in relaxing response to @entity6 . Similar attenuation of contractile responsiveness was observed in endothelium-denuded preparations. Addition of endotoxin to the in vitro tissue bath did not inhibit the responses in a 4-h period. Pretreatment with @entity9 inhibited the late gradual decrease in blood pressure (BP) but not the early @entity3 response to endotoxin. The responses to @entity7 or NE of aorta isolated 4 h after the endotoxin injection remained suppressed in U-67,590A-treated @entity0 but were restored in 24 h. These results suggest that @entity8 impairs the endothelium moderately, but this does not account for either reduced reactivity of vascular smooth muscle to vasoconstrictor agents or the sustained @entity3 . The @entity1 inhibits @entity8 -induced mortality and sustained @entity3 .

title: Antishock effect of U-67,590A, @entity9 , associated with restoration of lowered vascular reactivity in endotoxemic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the adhesion of @entity0 lens capsule cells on hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) coated with @entity2 ( @entity3 ). SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista-Botucatu, S  o Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN: Experimental study. METHODS: @entity0 anterior lens capsules obtained during @entity1 surgery were cultured and seeded (200 cells/IOLs) in triplicates on the surface of a copolymer comprising @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity5 IOLs (Loflex) treated or not treated with @entity3 . After 26 hours, the number of viable adherent cells was estimated by counting in a hemocytometer. RESULTS: The coating of hydrophilic acrylic IOLs with @entity3 was effective in inhibiting cell adhesion (P < .05). Cells showing 2 distinct morphologic patterns-epithelial and dendritic-like-were observed during the in vitro establishment of the cultures. A tendency toward greater adhesion of @entity4 was observed in untreated IOLs compared with treated IOLs (P = .095). CONCLUSION: Coating hydrophilic acrylic IOLs with @entity3 was effective in inhibiting cell adhesion. This treatment might play a role in posterior capsule opacification prevention. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Adhesion study of cultured @entity0 lens capsule cells on hydrophilic intraocular lenses coated with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the adhesion of @entity0 lens capsule cells on hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) coated with @entity2 ( @entity3 ). SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Estadual Paulista-Botucatu, S  o Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN: Experimental study. METHODS: @entity0 anterior lens capsules obtained during @entity1 surgery were cultured and seeded (200 cells/IOLs) in triplicates on the surface of a copolymer comprising @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity5 IOLs (Loflex) treated or not treated with @entity3 . After 26 hours, the number of viable adherent cells was estimated by counting in a hemocytometer. RESULTS: The coating of hydrophilic acrylic IOLs with @entity3 was effective in inhibiting cell adhesion (P < .05). Cells showing 2 distinct morphologic patterns-epithelial and dendritic-like-were observed during the in vitro establishment of the cultures. A tendency toward greater adhesion of @entity4 was observed in untreated IOLs compared with treated IOLs (P = .095). CONCLUSION: Coating hydrophilic acrylic IOLs with @entity3 was effective in inhibiting cell adhesion. This treatment might play a role in posterior capsule opacification prevention. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Adhesion study of cultured XXXX lens capsule cells on hydrophilic intraocular lenses coated with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity1 and complex cardiac surgery are associated with a high risk of @entity2 complications. The difference in costs between @entity0 who require @entity2 control measures and those who do not is poorly understood. Our goal was to assess the cost of care and outcomes for @entity0 in these settings. METHODS: @entity0 >18 years of age, who were discharged between January 2010 and December 2012, were retrospectively identified in the Premier Hospital Database based on International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision codes. These @entity0 were categorized as having received blood products (" @entity2 @entity0 ") or not ("nonbleeding @entity0 "). @entity0 with costs and length of stay (LOS) of zero were excluded. Differences in treatment costs and outcomes were assessed using univariate analysis and multivariate modeling. FINDINGS: Bleeding @entity1 @entity0 (n = 8800) had a 150% higher total cost of care (P < 0.001; 146% after excluding costs of agents used for @entity2 control, P < 0.001), an 81.3% longer hospital LOS (P < 0.001), and a 65.2% longer intensive care unit (ICU) LOS (P < 0.001) than nonbleeding @entity0 (n = 53,727). Bleeding complex cardiac surgery @entity0 (n = 82,832) had a 133.2% higher total cost of care (P < 0.001; 128.7% after excluding costs of agents used for @entity2 control, P < 0.001), a 155.6% longer hospital LOS (P < 0.001), and an 89.3% longer ICU LOS (P < 0.001) than nonbleeding @entity0 (n = 380,902). IMPLICATIONS: @entity1 and cardiac surgery @entity0 who experienced @entity2 and received allogeneic blood product transfusions had significantly worse outcomes, including longer LOS, greater inpatient mortality, and higher costs of care (even when excluding costs of agents used for @entity2 control) than those who did not.

title: Cost of Bleeding in XXXX and Complex Cardiac Surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) of prostate was administered to 10 @entity0 with @entity4 due to @entity3 . The mean age of the @entity0 was 74.4 years (range 63 to 85). The Prostatron device, which provides microwave heating of the prostate and conductive cooling of the urethra was used, and the prostate was heated with a calculated intraprostatic temperature of 45.5 degrees C for 55 minutes. No anesthesia was required for most of the @entity0 . The clinical effects were evaluated at 4-6 weeks and 3 months after treatment. The symptomatic scores improved in the majority of @entity0 . There was no significant change in prostate volume. The maximum flow rate and average flow rate were increased at 6 weeks and 3 months, but there was no significant change. The only side effects were transient @entity2 and short-term obstruction secondary to urethral @entity1 . In comparing TUMT with the transurethral resection of prostate (TUR-P), the maximum flow rate after TUMT was lower than that after TUR-P and the improvement of residual urine after TUMT was lower than that after TUR-P.

title: [Transurethral microwave thermotherapy for XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: A total of 240 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were examined and treated in A.V. Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery during 1997-2009. Embolization was performed in 196 (81.7%) @entity0 . Staged embolization was the principal treatment modality in 84 (35%) @entity0 presenting with inoperable lesions. The mean number of sessions was 3.6. Intraoperative embolization using hydrogel embols, Gianturco coils, and 96% @entity1 was done in 17 (7.1%) @entity0 . Radical surgery with the removal of angiomatous tissues was given to 33 (13.8%) @entity0 . Palliative resections were made in @entity0 with extensive lesions and impossibility of total removal of angiomatous tissues. Minor and major amputations were needed in 15 @entity0 . It is concluded that intervention for microfistulous and confined macrofistulous lesions should be performed only in case of absolute indications for surgery. That in asymptomatic or subclinical cases is justified only for minor surface lesions fit for radical resection. Minor amputation is indicated in certain @entity0 with @entity3 on distal limb segments. Extensive delayed resections should be planned with the use of plastic surgical techniques (autodermoplasty using free flaps, mobilized flaps, and flaps with microvascular @entity2 ).

title: [Current trends in diagnosis and treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The study objective was to determine if the healthy @entity0 were exposed to @entity8 ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 (DEHP) and if this exposure could be linked to the development of @entity2 . The study included 103 healthy volunteers of similar age with normal BMI values, waist circumference, total @entity1 , HDL, LDL, and @entity3 . @entity7 and DEHP were measured in the morning urine samples to detect @entity10 ( @entity9 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Two @entity4 groups and a control group were formed. Both @entity9 group and control group had similar results. The correlations between @entity9 and the measured parameters were insignificant. The correlation between the @entity5 group and the age was significantly negative, but between the MHEP group and the waist circumference the correlation was significantly positive. Lipids and lipoproteins were within the reference values and equal in both groups. The significant negative correlation was observed only between @entity5 and HDL. Our population is exposed to @entity7 and DEHP. There was only a significant correlation between DEHP and the observed @entity2 components. Its negative impact was higher as the @entity0 were younger.

title: Do @entity8 ( XXXX ) and @entity6 (DEHP) influence the @entity2 parameters? Pilot study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The study objective was to determine if the healthy @entity0 were exposed to @entity8 ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 (DEHP) and if this exposure could be linked to the development of @entity2 . The study included 103 healthy volunteers of similar age with normal BMI values, waist circumference, total @entity1 , HDL, LDL, and @entity3 . @entity7 and DEHP were measured in the morning urine samples to detect @entity10 ( @entity9 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Two @entity4 groups and a control group were formed. Both @entity9 group and control group had similar results. The correlations between @entity9 and the measured parameters were insignificant. The correlation between the @entity5 group and the age was significantly negative, but between the MHEP group and the waist circumference the correlation was significantly positive. Lipids and lipoproteins were within the reference values and equal in both groups. The significant negative correlation was observed only between @entity5 and HDL. Our population is exposed to @entity7 and DEHP. There was only a significant correlation between DEHP and the observed @entity2 components. Its negative impact was higher as the @entity0 were younger.

title: Do XXXX ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 (DEHP) influence the @entity2 parameters? Pilot study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The study objective was to determine if the healthy @entity0 were exposed to @entity8 ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 (DEHP) and if this exposure could be linked to the development of @entity2 . The study included 103 healthy volunteers of similar age with normal BMI values, waist circumference, total @entity1 , HDL, LDL, and @entity3 . @entity7 and DEHP were measured in the morning urine samples to detect @entity10 ( @entity9 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Two @entity4 groups and a control group were formed. Both @entity9 group and control group had similar results. The correlations between @entity9 and the measured parameters were insignificant. The correlation between the @entity5 group and the age was significantly negative, but between the MHEP group and the waist circumference the correlation was significantly positive. Lipids and lipoproteins were within the reference values and equal in both groups. The significant negative correlation was observed only between @entity5 and HDL. Our population is exposed to @entity7 and DEHP. There was only a significant correlation between DEHP and the observed @entity2 components. Its negative impact was higher as the @entity0 were younger.

title: Do @entity8 ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 (DEHP) influence the XXXX parameters? Pilot study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The study objective was to determine if the healthy @entity0 were exposed to @entity8 ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 (DEHP) and if this exposure could be linked to the development of @entity2 . The study included 103 healthy volunteers of similar age with normal BMI values, waist circumference, total @entity1 , HDL, LDL, and @entity3 . @entity7 and DEHP were measured in the morning urine samples to detect @entity10 ( @entity9 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Two @entity4 groups and a control group were formed. Both @entity9 group and control group had similar results. The correlations between @entity9 and the measured parameters were insignificant. The correlation between the @entity5 group and the age was significantly negative, but between the MHEP group and the waist circumference the correlation was significantly positive. Lipids and lipoproteins were within the reference values and equal in both groups. The significant negative correlation was observed only between @entity5 and HDL. Our population is exposed to @entity7 and DEHP. There was only a significant correlation between DEHP and the observed @entity2 components. Its negative impact was higher as the @entity0 were younger.

title: Do @entity8 ( @entity7 ) and XXXX (DEHP) influence the @entity2 parameters? Pilot study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: A retrospective review of @entity0 with @entity1 treated at Stanford University Medical Center was undertaken to determine if, within the pediatric population, @entity0 < or = 10 years of age have a unique prognosis and response to treatment. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Records of all @entity0 treated for @entity1 at SUMC between 1961 and 1991 were reviewed. RESULTS: Of 2238 @entity0 with @entity1 , 91 (4%) were < or = 10 years of age. There is a predominance of male @entity0 (80%) and a higher percentage of mixed cellularity (33%) and lymphocyte predominance (13%) histologies among the very young @entity0 compared to adolescents and adults. The 5 and 10-year survival is 94 +/- 3% and 92 +/- 3%, respectively, for @entity0 < or = 10 vs. 93 +/- 2% and 86 +/- 3% for adolescents and 84 +/- 1% and 73 +/- 1% for adults. Five and 10-year freedom from relapse is also higher in the youngest @entity0 (88 +/- 4% and 85 +/- 4%, respectively) compared to adolescents (78 +/- 3% and 74 +/- 3%, respectively) and adults (70 +/- 1% and 67 +/- 1%, respectively). Actuarial survival at 25 years for @entity0 < or = 10 years is 78%, which is slightly better than for adolescents (67%) and significantly better than for adults (41%) (p = 0.001). Actuarial 25-year freedom from relapse is also significantly better for @entity0 < or = 10 (78%) compared to adolescents (74% [p = 0.05]) and adults (65% [p = 0.001]). For all stages of disease, @entity0 < or = 10 fare similarly to or slightly better than adolescents and substantially better than adults. For those with Stage I or II disease, survival at 5, 10, and 25 years is 98 +/- 2%, 93 +/- 4% and 73%, respectively, for @entity0 aged < or = 10; 98 +/- 1%, 91 +/- 3%, and 79%, respectively, for adolescents and 89 +/- 1%, 80 +/- 1%, and 45%, respectively, for adults. The greatest difference between age groups is seen for Stage III and IV @entity0 . Those aged < or = 10 have an 89 +/- 5% 5 and 10-year survival, and 89% actuarial 25-year survival compared to 87 +/- 4%, 80 +/- 5%, and 28%, respectively, for adolescents and 77 +/- 2%, 64 +/- 2%, and 41%, respectively, for adults. Of @entity0 < or = 10 years of age, 28 (31%) were treated with primary external beam radiotherapy, and 59 (65%) received combined modality therapy consisting of low-dose radiation and chemotherapy. With a median follow-up of 11 years, freedom from relapse is 64% and survival 75% for the radiotherapy group, compared to 97% (p = 0.000) and 93% (p = 0.21) for those treated with combined modality therapy. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that young age is a favorable prognostic factor in @entity1 . Combined modality therapy has led to improved freedom from relapse and survival rates for all stages of disease and is currently the treatment of choice for the majority of very young @entity0 .

title: XXXX in the very young.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Sixty five 50 to 60 year old @entity0 have been treated for @entity2 over a 21 year period. Twenty four had a local @entity2 (A1, A2, B1, B2) and 41 (63.2%) a locally advanced or metastatic (D1, D2 disease at diagnosis. The mean age was 56 years old. As being as retrospective study, miscellaneous treatments were done. The 5 and 10 years survival, analysed with the Kaplan-Meier method, was 61% and 31% respectively. According to the stage of @entity1 , the 10 year survival was 72% and 5% for (A-B) and (C-D) respectively. For well differentiated @entity1 , 5 years survival was 67% instead of 36% for undifferentiated ones. The 10 year survival was 36% for well differentiated @entity1 with 6 on 8 @entity0 who survived with a mean of 11.6 ears. The authors discussed the benefit of an early diagnosis of prostatic in the 50-60 year old @entity0 group which is 4% of the total @entity2 diagnosed within the same period. They analysed the influence of PSA and transrectal sonography interest at this age.

title: [ XXXX between 50 and 60. A more than 20-year-long retrospective study. Apropos of 65 case reports].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was set up to identify @entity0 -related factors favoring the application of either surgery or endoprostheses in the @entity4 in subsets of @entity0 with @entity2 or periampullary region. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: In the @entity4 , surgical biliodigestive anastomosis has traditionally been performed. Surgical biliary bypass is associated with high mortality (15% to 30%) and morbidity rates (20% to 60%) but little recurrent @entity4 (0% to 15%). Biliary drainage with endoscopically placed endoprostheses has a lower complication rate, but recurrent @entity4 is seen in up to 20% to 50% of @entity0 . METHODS: @entity0 with advanced @entity2 or periampullary region treated at the University Hospital Dijkzigt, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, between 1980 and 1990 were reviewed. In 148 @entity0 , data were compared concerning the morbidity and hospital stay after the @entity4 with endoscopic endoprostheses or surgical biliary bypasses. These @entity0 were stratified for long (> 6 months) and short (< 6 months) survival times. RESULTS: In short-term survivors, the higher late morbidity rates after endoprostheses were offset by higher early morbidity rates and longer hospital stays after the surgical bypass. In long-term survivors, there was no difference in the hospital stay between the two groups, but the late morbidity rate was significantly higher in the endoprosthesis group. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that endoscopic endoprosthesis is the optimal palliation for @entity0 surviving less than 6 months and surgical biliary bypass for those surviving more than 6 months. This policy necessitates the development of prognostic criteria, which were obtained by @entity3 proportional-hazards survival analysis. Advanced age, male sex, liver metastases, and large diameters of @entity1 were unfavorable prognostic factors. With these factors, the risk of short- or long-term survival can be predicted. It is hoped that the application of these data may allow a rational approach toward optimal palliative treatment of this form of @entity4 .

title: Guidelines for the application of surgery and endoprostheses in the @entity4 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was set up to identify @entity0 -related factors favoring the application of either surgery or endoprostheses in the @entity4 in subsets of @entity0 with @entity2 or periampullary region. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: In the @entity4 , surgical biliodigestive anastomosis has traditionally been performed. Surgical biliary bypass is associated with high mortality (15% to 30%) and morbidity rates (20% to 60%) but little recurrent @entity4 (0% to 15%). Biliary drainage with endoscopically placed endoprostheses has a lower complication rate, but recurrent @entity4 is seen in up to 20% to 50% of @entity0 . METHODS: @entity0 with advanced @entity2 or periampullary region treated at the University Hospital Dijkzigt, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, between 1980 and 1990 were reviewed. In 148 @entity0 , data were compared concerning the morbidity and hospital stay after the @entity4 with endoscopic endoprostheses or surgical biliary bypasses. These @entity0 were stratified for long (> 6 months) and short (< 6 months) survival times. RESULTS: In short-term survivors, the higher late morbidity rates after endoprostheses were offset by higher early morbidity rates and longer hospital stays after the surgical bypass. In long-term survivors, there was no difference in the hospital stay between the two groups, but the late morbidity rate was significantly higher in the endoprosthesis group. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that endoscopic endoprosthesis is the optimal palliation for @entity0 surviving less than 6 months and surgical biliary bypass for those surviving more than 6 months. This policy necessitates the development of prognostic criteria, which were obtained by @entity3 proportional-hazards survival analysis. Advanced age, male sex, liver metastases, and large diameters of @entity1 were unfavorable prognostic factors. With these factors, the risk of short- or long-term survival can be predicted. It is hoped that the application of these data may allow a rational approach toward optimal palliative treatment of this form of @entity4 .

title: Guidelines for the application of surgery and endoprostheses in the XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. The effect of endotoxin ( @entity3 lipopolysaccharide) on the induction of @entity6 synthase (NOS) and the changes in vascular permeability in the colon and jejunum over a 5 h period have been investigated in the @entity0 . 2. Under resting conditions, a @entity2 -dependent @entity1 , determined by the conversion of radiolabelled @entity4 to @entity9 , was detected in homogenates of both colonic and jejunal tissue. 3. Administration of endotoxin (3 mg kg-1, i.v.) led, after a 2 h lag period, to the appearance of @entity2 -independent NOS activity in the colon and jejunum ex vivo, characteristic of the inducible NOS enzyme. 4. Administration of endotoxin led to an increase in colonic and jejunal vascular permeability after a lag period of 3 h, determined by the leakage of radiolabelled albumin. 5. Pretreatment with @entity5 (1 mg kg-1 s.c., 2 h prior to challenge) inhibited both the induction of NOS and the vascular leakage induced by endotoxin. 6. Administration of the NO synthase inhibitor @entity8 (12.5-50 mg kg-1, s.c.) 3 h after endotoxin injection, dose-dependently reduced the subsequent increase in vascular permeability in jejunum and colon, an effect reversed by @entity4 (300 mg kg-1, s.c.). 7. These findings suggest that induction of NOS is associated with the @entity7 induced by endotoxin in the @entity0 colon and jejunum.

title: The induction of XXXX synthase and intestinal vascular permeability by endotoxin in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: 1. The effect of endotoxin ( @entity3 lipopolysaccharide) on the induction of @entity6 synthase (NOS) and the changes in vascular permeability in the colon and jejunum over a 5 h period have been investigated in the @entity0 . 2. Under resting conditions, a @entity2 -dependent @entity1 , determined by the conversion of radiolabelled @entity4 to @entity9 , was detected in homogenates of both colonic and jejunal tissue. 3. Administration of endotoxin (3 mg kg-1, i.v.) led, after a 2 h lag period, to the appearance of @entity2 -independent NOS activity in the colon and jejunum ex vivo, characteristic of the inducible NOS enzyme. 4. Administration of endotoxin led to an increase in colonic and jejunal vascular permeability after a lag period of 3 h, determined by the leakage of radiolabelled albumin. 5. Pretreatment with @entity5 (1 mg kg-1 s.c., 2 h prior to challenge) inhibited both the induction of NOS and the vascular leakage induced by endotoxin. 6. Administration of the NO synthase inhibitor @entity8 (12.5-50 mg kg-1, s.c.) 3 h after endotoxin injection, dose-dependently reduced the subsequent increase in vascular permeability in jejunum and colon, an effect reversed by @entity4 (300 mg kg-1, s.c.). 7. These findings suggest that induction of NOS is associated with the @entity7 induced by endotoxin in the @entity0 colon and jejunum.

title: The induction of @entity6 synthase and intestinal vascular permeability by endotoxin in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: With refinements in surgical techniques and increased clinical experience, there has been a resurgence of interest in vascularized pancreas transplantation. From December 1986 to April 1988, 30 whole-organ vascularized pancreas transplants with pancreatico duodenocystostomy were performed simultaneously with renal transplantation. The recipient population consisted of 20 @entity0 and ten @entity0 , with a mean age of 34.7 years (range of 25-53 years). The mean duration of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) was 22.6 years (range of 10-37 years). The mean pancreas preservation time was 8.7 hours (range 3-19 years). All @entity0 were immediately insulin-independent. Simultaneous pancreas-kidney engraftment was performed to both iliac fossae via a lower midline incision (n = 28) or through a bilateral lower abdominal incision (n = 2). The mean operating time was 5.9 hours, and packed cell transfusion requirement was 1.3 units. The mean length of hospital stay was 27.4 days. Recipients averaged 2.3 admissions (1-7), with ten @entity0 (34.4%) requiring only one hospital admission. Postoperative immunosuppression consisted of @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity5 , and Minnesota antilymphoblast globulin (MALG). A total of 49 episodes of rejection occurred in 26 @entity0 . Actuarial @entity0 survival rate at two years is 96.3%. The kidney and pancreas survival rates for the same time interval is 94.0% and 84.0%, respectively. Mean serum @entity6 at present is 1.75 mg/dl. In conclusion, renal transplantation in concert with pancreas transplantation has a dramatic positive impact on pancreas allograft survival. Combined engraftment does not appear to jeopardize renal allograft functional survival. In view of these results, simultaneous @entity2 appears to be the treatment of choice for Type I @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Experience with simultaneous XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Establishment of pregnancy is critically dependent upon a precisely orchestrated embryo-maternal interaction leading to a receptive uterine environment. The up-regulation of the interferon-stimulated protein 15 kDa ( @entity1 ) during pregnancy has been described in various species and has been hypothesized to be part of the molecular repertoire that makes the uterus receptive to conceptus development. In the current study, the expression of @entity1 and enzymes involved in @entity1 ylation was examined at the mRNA and protein level in @entity0 endometrium at Day 14 of the luteal phase and at Day 14 and 50 of pregnancy. @entity1 mRNA showed a 2.63-fold higher expression at Day 14 of pregnancy when compared to Day 14 of the cycle, while mRNA abundance at Day 50 of pregnancy was unchanged compared to Day 14 of the cycle. Upon Western blot analysis using anti- @entity1 antibody, several higher molecular weight bands could be observed, representing proteins conjugated to @entity1 . No free @entity1 could be detected. The pattern of @entity1 reactive proteins differed from those observed in non-uterine samples. Upon immunohistochemistry, @entity1 reactive proteins located primarily to luminal and glandular epithelial cells, while stromal cells showed weaker staining. In conclusion, the expression of @entity1 -conjugated proteins in @entity0 endometrium did not differ between cyclic and pregnant 14 days after ovulation and Day 50 of pregnancy. It is hypothesized that the unique subset of @entity1 ylated proteins expressed in endometrial tissue contributes to normal cellular function and that, unlike other species, the modification of @entity1 -conjugated proteins is not an active contributor to conceptus-maternal interaction in the mare.

title: The expression of interferon-stimulated gene 15 in XXXX endometrium.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 remains a major cause of mortality in thalassaemia major. The possible role of @entity4 in @entity8 major in the genesis of @entity5 is not clear. It is also unclear whether @entity4 might arise as a result of @entity5 . METHODS: We studied 45 @entity0 with thalassaemia major who had a wide range of current cardiac @entity1 loading and included @entity0 with prior and current @entity5 . Myocardial @entity1 was measured using T2* cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), and following this, late @entity7 enhancement (LGE) was used to determine the presence of macroscopic @entity3 . RESULTS: The median myocardial T2* in all @entity0 was 22.6 ms (range 5.3-58.8 ms). @entity2 was detected in only one @entity0 , whose myocardial T2* was 20.1 ms and left ventricular ejection fraction 57%. No @entity2 was identified in 5 @entity0 with a history of @entity5 with full recovery, in 3 @entity0 with current @entity6 undergoing treatment, or in 18 @entity0 with myocardial @entity1 loading with cardiacT2* < 20 ms at the time of scan. CONCLUSION: This study shows that macroscopic @entity3 is uncommon in @entity8 major across a broad spectrum of myocardial @entity1 loading. Importantly, there was no macroscopic @entity2 in @entity0 with current or prior @entity5 , or in @entity0 with myocardial @entity1 loading without @entity5 . Therefore if @entity3 indeed contributes to @entity3 in @entity8 , our data combined with the knowledge that the @entity3 of @entity1 overload can be reversed, indicates that any such @entity2 would need to be both microscopic and reversible.

title: Low prevalence of @entity2 in @entity8 major assessed by late XXXX enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 remains a major cause of mortality in thalassaemia major. The possible role of @entity4 in @entity8 major in the genesis of @entity5 is not clear. It is also unclear whether @entity4 might arise as a result of @entity5 . METHODS: We studied 45 @entity0 with thalassaemia major who had a wide range of current cardiac @entity1 loading and included @entity0 with prior and current @entity5 . Myocardial @entity1 was measured using T2* cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), and following this, late @entity7 enhancement (LGE) was used to determine the presence of macroscopic @entity3 . RESULTS: The median myocardial T2* in all @entity0 was 22.6 ms (range 5.3-58.8 ms). @entity2 was detected in only one @entity0 , whose myocardial T2* was 20.1 ms and left ventricular ejection fraction 57%. No @entity2 was identified in 5 @entity0 with a history of @entity5 with full recovery, in 3 @entity0 with current @entity6 undergoing treatment, or in 18 @entity0 with myocardial @entity1 loading with cardiacT2* < 20 ms at the time of scan. CONCLUSION: This study shows that macroscopic @entity3 is uncommon in @entity8 major across a broad spectrum of myocardial @entity1 loading. Importantly, there was no macroscopic @entity2 in @entity0 with current or prior @entity5 , or in @entity0 with myocardial @entity1 loading without @entity5 . Therefore if @entity3 indeed contributes to @entity3 in @entity8 , our data combined with the knowledge that the @entity3 of @entity1 overload can be reversed, indicates that any such @entity2 would need to be both microscopic and reversible.

title: Low prevalence of XXXX in @entity8 major assessed by late @entity7 enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 remains a major cause of mortality in thalassaemia major. The possible role of @entity4 in @entity8 major in the genesis of @entity5 is not clear. It is also unclear whether @entity4 might arise as a result of @entity5 . METHODS: We studied 45 @entity0 with thalassaemia major who had a wide range of current cardiac @entity1 loading and included @entity0 with prior and current @entity5 . Myocardial @entity1 was measured using T2* cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), and following this, late @entity7 enhancement (LGE) was used to determine the presence of macroscopic @entity3 . RESULTS: The median myocardial T2* in all @entity0 was 22.6 ms (range 5.3-58.8 ms). @entity2 was detected in only one @entity0 , whose myocardial T2* was 20.1 ms and left ventricular ejection fraction 57%. No @entity2 was identified in 5 @entity0 with a history of @entity5 with full recovery, in 3 @entity0 with current @entity6 undergoing treatment, or in 18 @entity0 with myocardial @entity1 loading with cardiacT2* < 20 ms at the time of scan. CONCLUSION: This study shows that macroscopic @entity3 is uncommon in @entity8 major across a broad spectrum of myocardial @entity1 loading. Importantly, there was no macroscopic @entity2 in @entity0 with current or prior @entity5 , or in @entity0 with myocardial @entity1 loading without @entity5 . Therefore if @entity3 indeed contributes to @entity3 in @entity8 , our data combined with the knowledge that the @entity3 of @entity1 overload can be reversed, indicates that any such @entity2 would need to be both microscopic and reversible.

title: Low prevalence of @entity2 in XXXX major assessed by late @entity7 enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Socioeconomic gradients in health persist despite public health campaigns and improvements in healthcare. The Psychosocial and Biological Determinants of Ill-health (pSoBid) study was designed to uncover novel biomarkers of @entity1 that may help explain pathways between socioeconomic adversity and poorer physical and mental health. METHODS: We examined links between indicators of early life adversity, possible intermediary phenotypes, and markers of ill health in adult subjects (n = 666) recruited from affluent and deprived areas. Classical and novel risk factors for @entity1 (lung function and @entity3 ) and for cognitive performance were assessed, and associations sought with early life variables including conditions in the parental home, family size and leg length. RESULTS: Associations were observed between father's occupation, childhood home status (owner-occupier; overcrowding) and biomarkers of @entity0 and endothelial activation in adults ( @entity4 , @entity2 , intercellular adhesion molecule; P < 0.0001) but not number of siblings and leg length. Lung function (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) and cognition (Choice Reaction Time, the Stroop test, Auditory Verbal Learning Test) were likewise related to early life conditions (P < 0.001). In multivariate models inclusion of inflammatory variables reduced the impact and independence of early life conditions on lung function and measures of cognitive ability. Including variables of adult socioeconomic status attenuated the early life associations with disease biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: Adverse levels of biomarkers of ill health in adults appear to be influenced by father's occupation and childhood home conditions. @entity0 and endothelial activation may in part act as intermediary phenotypes in this complex relationship. Reducing the 'health divide' requires that these life course determinants are taken into account.

title: Early life socioeconomic adversity is associated in adult life with XXXX , carotid atherosclerosis, poorer lung function and decreased cognitive performance: a cross-sectional, population-based study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A random sample of American Legion members in six states who had served in the Armed Forces during the Vietnam @entity2 was conducted through a mailed questionnaire, in order to determine patterns of usage of Veterans Administration health facilities, as well as attitudes toward the VA and experiences at these facilities. Of the 6810 male respondents, 42.0% had served in Southeast Asia. These subjects were categorized according to their level of combat in South Vietnam. Thirty-six percent of those who had served in Southeast Asia had used VA health facilities, compared to only 18% of @entity0 who served elsewhere. Among Southeast Asia veterans, combat level was an important predictor of extent of usage of VA facilities for problems of both physical and mental health. Combat level was also associated with lack of basic and major medical insurance. While @entity0 with lower incomes tended to make greater use of VA mental health facilities, nearly one-fourth of mental health users had family incomes above  30,000. Despite their greater usage of the VA, @entity0 with higher combat levels expressed lower feelings of security about this agency, and rated its staff less helpful and of lower quality than did @entity0 who experienced lower levels of combat. On the other hand, higher combat veterans thought themselves better informed about VA services. @entity0 who had gone to the VA for mental health assistance reported a disturbingly low frequency of having been asked basic questions that relate to possible diagnosis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), questions related to combat, which may be one of its etiologic factors, or other questions relating to their military history. Because combat level in Vietnam veterans is a major determinant of both attitudes toward and utilization of VA health facilities, the VA as well as other health agencies which deal with Vietnam veterans should be especially sensitive to this factor, and should take it into consideration when evaluating veterans' physical and mental health.

title: Utilization, attitudes, and experiences of Vietnam XXXX veterans with Veterans Administration health facilities: the American Legion experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We studied 192 recent clinical isolates, comprising six species of Gram-negative bacilli resistant either to @entity7 or latamoxef ( @entity5 ), from several hospitals. All isolates were resistant to several other third-generation cephalosporins or a @entity14 . Two to five types of chromosomal beta-lactamases, as defined by isoelectric focusing, were readily identified in each species. Isolates of Citrobacter, Enterobacter and Serratia produced higher levels of chromosomal beta-lactamase than corresponding @entity7 -susceptible strains. In addition, 20 of 57 produced one or two plasmid-determined beta-lactamases, @entity15 , OXA-2, or a novel enzyme, OHIO-1. The penem and @entity4 antibiotics, @entity13 and @entity3 , were more active than @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity1 , @entity5 and @entity11 against isolates of Acinetobacter, Citrobacter, Ent. aerogenes, Ent. cloacae and Morganella, whereas @entity3 , @entity10 , and @entity11 were more active against Serratia isolates. The addition of plasmid-determined beta-lactamase increased resistance to @entity6 , @entity2 and @entity9 but not to @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity1 , latamoxef, @entity11 , @entity13 , or @entity3 . Of 24 strains susceptible to @entity0 , none produced a plasmid-determined beta-lactamase, whereas 20 were found among the 33 strains resistant to @entity0 . Resistance of clinical isolates to newer @entity12 appears to be due primarily to a high level of chromosomal cephalosporinase present without inducing agents. The plasmid-determined beta-lactamases, @entity15 and OHIO-1, contributed little to resistance to most of the newer @entity12 but were strongly associated with @entity8 resistance in these selected isolates. The greater in-vitro efficacy of the penem and @entity4 antibiotics, @entity13 and @entity3 , against most of these isolates makes them promising candidates as first line agents against these pathogens.

title: Gram-negative bacilli resistant to third-generation cephalosporins: beta-lactamase characterization and susceptibility to XXXX .

answer: @entity13


abstract: One hundred twenty-three @entity0 with @entity2 due to Mycobacterium fortuitum or Mycobacterium chelonei were treated by wound debridement and with chemotherapy on the basis of in vitro susceptibilities of the organism. Of 76 @entity0 with @entity2 caused by M. fortuitum, 13 required no therapy or were adequately treated with surgery alone. @entity0 with active localized disease received single drug therapy (usually with a @entity9 ) for a mean period of 10.6 weeks for @entity3 and seven months for @entity7 . @entity0 with @entity1 received @entity8 or @entity8 plus @entity5 (mean, four weeks) followed by a @entity9 (mean, six months). The 47 @entity0 with @entity2 caused by M. chelonei received no therapy or were treated with surgery alone (6); with @entity8 (10), @entity4 (6), @entity6 (3), or @entity5 (1); or with @entity8 plus @entity5 followed by @entity5 alone for a total of 10-12 weeks (20); or other multiple-drug regimens (1). Surgery was performed on 74 (60%) @entity0 . Schlichter tests or serum drug levels were determined for 81 (66%) @entity0 . Response to therapy was excellent; 68 (90%) @entity2 with M. fortuitum and 34 (72%) with M. chelonei were successfully treated. Cultures became negative within six weeks of chemotherapy, except for sternal @entity7 , for which cultures were not negative until up to 14 weeks. Follow-up for a mean period of 12 months following therapy was possible in 80% of cases. Relapses were rare except in @entity0 with disseminated disease, and drug resistance developed in only one @entity0 . These studies demonstrate the value of routine susceptibility testing of these mycobacterial species and the benefit of chemotherapy on the basis of in vitro susceptibilities.

title: Treatment of XXXX due to Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonei on the basis of in vitro susceptibilities.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The electrophoretic pattern of @entity1 proteinases in axenically grown myxamoebae of @entity5 can be altered by the addition of either Gram-negative ( @entity7 , @entity2 ) or Gram-positive ( @entity6 , @entity4 ) bacteria to the culture. No changes occurred, however, if either @entity0 or latex beads were used in place of bacteria. The changes involved the simultaneous loss of proteinases characteristic of the axenic cells (the A-forms) and the acquisition of those found in cells which have been grown on bacteria (the B-forms). Using @entity7 the conversion was complete within 4 h. Extracellular proteinase activity was unaffected during this period. After the @entity5 cells had been lysed, no equivalent change in proteinase band pattern could be produced either by prolonged incubation of cell extracts or by treatment with proteinases. An identical conversion could be induced in cultures of myxamoebae by a factor, @entity1 proteinase converting factor (CPCF), present in the 15,000 g supernatant of a sonicated suspension of @entity7 . CPCF was macromolecular, as demonstrated by both ultrafiltration and gel filtration, acid-precipitable, but was soluble in @entity3 or alkali. Its activity was unaffected by treatment with trypsin. The results suggested that CPCF might be a component of the bacterial cell wall, and since its activity was affected by lysozyme treatment, peptidoglycan is implicated. The results can be interpreted in terms of a novel nutrient-dependent post-translational change which affected most of the @entity1 proteinases present in @entity5 myxamoebae.

title: A bacterial factor induces changes in @entity1 proteinase forms in the cellular slime mould XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The electrophoretic pattern of @entity1 proteinases in axenically grown myxamoebae of @entity5 can be altered by the addition of either Gram-negative ( @entity7 , @entity2 ) or Gram-positive ( @entity6 , @entity4 ) bacteria to the culture. No changes occurred, however, if either @entity0 or latex beads were used in place of bacteria. The changes involved the simultaneous loss of proteinases characteristic of the axenic cells (the A-forms) and the acquisition of those found in cells which have been grown on bacteria (the B-forms). Using @entity7 the conversion was complete within 4 h. Extracellular proteinase activity was unaffected during this period. After the @entity5 cells had been lysed, no equivalent change in proteinase band pattern could be produced either by prolonged incubation of cell extracts or by treatment with proteinases. An identical conversion could be induced in cultures of myxamoebae by a factor, @entity1 proteinase converting factor (CPCF), present in the 15,000 g supernatant of a sonicated suspension of @entity7 . CPCF was macromolecular, as demonstrated by both ultrafiltration and gel filtration, acid-precipitable, but was soluble in @entity3 or alkali. Its activity was unaffected by treatment with trypsin. The results suggested that CPCF might be a component of the bacterial cell wall, and since its activity was affected by lysozyme treatment, peptidoglycan is implicated. The results can be interpreted in terms of a novel nutrient-dependent post-translational change which affected most of the @entity1 proteinases present in @entity5 myxamoebae.

title: A bacterial factor induces changes in XXXX proteinase forms in the cellular slime mould @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 is common in China. There have been 3,500 surgically treated cases reported since 1978. Of these, 97.8% were intrahepatic, of which 49.1% were @entity1 and 41.0% were schistosomatic. Portosystemic shunting was performed in 59.9% of the cases and portacaval shunting was performed in one third, with an operative mortality of 0% to 7%. The rebleeding rate was 4.0% to 24.1%. The five-year or greater survival rate was 63.8% to 83.0%. The rate of portal-azygous disconnection surgery has increased in recent years, constituting 40.1% of the various types of operation. In contrast with the viewpoint in Western countries, prophylactic operation is available. When treating @entity3 , most authors have preferred nonoperative treatment, but operation should not be delayed if this fails. The operative mortality of @entity0 undergoing emergency portosystemic shunting was 16% to 44%; in @entity0 undergoing portalazygous disconnection it was 7.1% to 44.3%.

title: Operations for portal XXXX in China.

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study for @entity1 due to @entity2 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) at the L5/S disc. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of the L5/S @entity4 on @entity1 , due to L5/S @entity2 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Foraminal @entity2 has often been detected via images. However, although this condition is well known, it is occasionally overlooked during diagnosis, because @entity3 is not always visible on stationary images. METHODS: @entity0 who underwent lumbar spine surgery were examined to determine the presence of @entity2 (n=194). The presence of @entity4 and the range of motion of the L5/S disc were assessed on radiography with the lumbar spine in the extended and flexed positions. The shapes of the L5/S foramina were confirmed using sagittal magnetic resonance imaging. @entity0 who showed @entity4 were divided into 2 groups: @entity0 with (group A) and without (group B) symptomatic @entity2 . The relationship between the @entity4 and symptomatic @entity2 was examined. RESULTS: In total, 35 cases of @entity4 at the L5/S disc were noted on lateral radiography. @entity1 due to L5/S @entity2 was identified in 14 of these 35 cases. The ranges of L5/S angles were 10    4   and 5    3   in groups A and B, respectively, and these values were significantly different (P < 0.01). 11 (48%) of 23L5/S foramina that showed @entity4 of the L5/S disc and were completely occupied by a disc below the caudal edge of the vertebra had symptomatic @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that @entity4 , which showed a large range of motion angle between flexion and extension, triggered symptoms of @entity2 at the L5/S disc. The dynamic motion of the @entity4 should thus be considered for the diagnosis of L5/S @entity2 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: L5 @entity1 due to Foraminal XXXX Accompanied With Vacuum Phenomena of the L5/S Disc on Radiography Images in Extension Position.

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study for @entity1 due to @entity2 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) at the L5/S disc. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of the L5/S @entity4 on @entity1 , due to L5/S @entity2 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Foraminal @entity2 has often been detected via images. However, although this condition is well known, it is occasionally overlooked during diagnosis, because @entity3 is not always visible on stationary images. METHODS: @entity0 who underwent lumbar spine surgery were examined to determine the presence of @entity2 (n=194). The presence of @entity4 and the range of motion of the L5/S disc were assessed on radiography with the lumbar spine in the extended and flexed positions. The shapes of the L5/S foramina were confirmed using sagittal magnetic resonance imaging. @entity0 who showed @entity4 were divided into 2 groups: @entity0 with (group A) and without (group B) symptomatic @entity2 . The relationship between the @entity4 and symptomatic @entity2 was examined. RESULTS: In total, 35 cases of @entity4 at the L5/S disc were noted on lateral radiography. @entity1 due to L5/S @entity2 was identified in 14 of these 35 cases. The ranges of L5/S angles were 10    4   and 5    3   in groups A and B, respectively, and these values were significantly different (P < 0.01). 11 (48%) of 23L5/S foramina that showed @entity4 of the L5/S disc and were completely occupied by a disc below the caudal edge of the vertebra had symptomatic @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that @entity4 , which showed a large range of motion angle between flexion and extension, triggered symptoms of @entity2 at the L5/S disc. The dynamic motion of the @entity4 should thus be considered for the diagnosis of L5/S @entity2 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: L5 XXXX due to Foraminal @entity2 Accompanied With Vacuum Phenomena of the L5/S Disc on Radiography Images in Extension Position.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A retrospective analysis was performed on all five published clinical trials in which @entity2 was given at a dosage of 600 mg daily. Two studies were undertaken in France, two in Germany, and one in Great Britain. Data for the analysis, which included the presence of risk factors, treadmill walking distances, and cardiovascular critical events that occurred during the course of the study, were generated from the @entity0 ' original study file. Included in the analysis were 888 @entity0 , 447 receiving @entity2 and 441 receiving placebo. Although there were significant differences between the studies with regard to certain variables, distribution was comparable between the treatment groups justifying an analysis on the pooled sample. An intention-to-treat analysis based on a success/failure outcome was in favor of active treatment (p = 0.003) as was an analysis of change in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) (p < 0.002). None of the risk factors had any significant influence on change in @entity1 . A further analysis indicated that there were significantly fewer cardiovascular critical events in the @entity2 group than in the placebo group (p = 0.029). Because the incidence of cardiovascular critical events was lower in those @entity0 who showed the greatest improvement in @entity1 , and as surgical intervention was the most frequently encountered critical event, it is possible that treatment with @entity2 may lead to a reduction or postponement of surgery. Such a finding would have implications for health-care resources.

title: XXXX in intermittent claudication: a retrospective analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity4 ), the most potent of the @entity0 promoting @entity5 , modulates function in several immunoresponsive cells following in vitro exposure. Since suppression of cellular mechanisms capable of limiting @entity0 and infections can adversely affect health, these experiments were designed to evaluate relevant components of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) following in vivo @entity4 exposure, and to determine the biological significance of any alterations utilizing assays of host resistance. Adult, female B6C3F1 @entity1 were administered 0.2, 2.0, 20.0 or 40.0 micrograms @entity4 /g body weight subcutaneously over a two-week period. Mechanisms of cell-mediated host resistance were assessed by quantitating natural killer (NK), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and macrophage-mediated lysis of radiolabelled @entity0 target cells, and macrophage-induced cytostasis in @entity0 cell populations. Macrophages from @entity4 -treated @entity1 were cytostatic to @entity0 cells, inhibiting up to 90% of growth in cultured @entity0 cells, but were not tumoricidal. Furthermore, pyran-elicited (primed) macrophages, which are activated to fully cytotoxic states by in vitro exposure to lipopolysaccharide, were inhibited in tumoricidal activation by in vivo @entity4 exposure. The induction of responsive but not cytotoxic macrophages by in vivo @entity4 exposure is consistent with the enhanced resistance to Listeria bacterial challenge, and increased susceptibility to B16F10 @entity0 and Trichinella parasitic challenges observed in these @entity1 . Furthermore, previous reports of decreased in vitro NK activity following in vivo @entity4 exposure and present observations of correlative decreases of in vivo NK activity (55% decrease in @entity1 exposed to 20 micrograms @entity4 /g) suggest an important role for NK activity in limiting in vivo B16F10 @entity2 growth. CTL effector function was less susceptible to @entity4 -induced suppression than NK function at similar dosages, further supporting a predominant role of macrophages and NK cells or possibly other effector functions in the resistance to Listeria, Trichinella, or B16F10 challenge. Nevertheless, significant suppressive effects of @entity4 on CTL function at higher dosages cannot be excluded as contributing to altered host resistance to these agents. These studies demonstrate that in vivo exposure to @entity4 can modify cell-mediated mechanisms of host resistance with coincident alterations in the incidence of @entity0 .

title: Correlation of @entity1 susceptibility to @entity0 , parasite and bacterial challenge with altered cell-mediated immunity following systemic exposure to the @entity0 promoter XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity4 ), the most potent of the @entity0 promoting @entity5 , modulates function in several immunoresponsive cells following in vitro exposure. Since suppression of cellular mechanisms capable of limiting @entity0 and infections can adversely affect health, these experiments were designed to evaluate relevant components of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) following in vivo @entity4 exposure, and to determine the biological significance of any alterations utilizing assays of host resistance. Adult, female B6C3F1 @entity1 were administered 0.2, 2.0, 20.0 or 40.0 micrograms @entity4 /g body weight subcutaneously over a two-week period. Mechanisms of cell-mediated host resistance were assessed by quantitating natural killer (NK), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and macrophage-mediated lysis of radiolabelled @entity0 target cells, and macrophage-induced cytostasis in @entity0 cell populations. Macrophages from @entity4 -treated @entity1 were cytostatic to @entity0 cells, inhibiting up to 90% of growth in cultured @entity0 cells, but were not tumoricidal. Furthermore, pyran-elicited (primed) macrophages, which are activated to fully cytotoxic states by in vitro exposure to lipopolysaccharide, were inhibited in tumoricidal activation by in vivo @entity4 exposure. The induction of responsive but not cytotoxic macrophages by in vivo @entity4 exposure is consistent with the enhanced resistance to Listeria bacterial challenge, and increased susceptibility to B16F10 @entity0 and Trichinella parasitic challenges observed in these @entity1 . Furthermore, previous reports of decreased in vitro NK activity following in vivo @entity4 exposure and present observations of correlative decreases of in vivo NK activity (55% decrease in @entity1 exposed to 20 micrograms @entity4 /g) suggest an important role for NK activity in limiting in vivo B16F10 @entity2 growth. CTL effector function was less susceptible to @entity4 -induced suppression than NK function at similar dosages, further supporting a predominant role of macrophages and NK cells or possibly other effector functions in the resistance to Listeria, Trichinella, or B16F10 challenge. Nevertheless, significant suppressive effects of @entity4 on CTL function at higher dosages cannot be excluded as contributing to altered host resistance to these agents. These studies demonstrate that in vivo exposure to @entity4 can modify cell-mediated mechanisms of host resistance with coincident alterations in the incidence of @entity0 .

title: Correlation of @entity1 susceptibility to XXXX , parasite and bacterial challenge with altered cell-mediated immunity following systemic exposure to the @entity0 promoter @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity4 ), the most potent of the @entity0 promoting @entity5 , modulates function in several immunoresponsive cells following in vitro exposure. Since suppression of cellular mechanisms capable of limiting @entity0 and infections can adversely affect health, these experiments were designed to evaluate relevant components of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) following in vivo @entity4 exposure, and to determine the biological significance of any alterations utilizing assays of host resistance. Adult, female B6C3F1 @entity1 were administered 0.2, 2.0, 20.0 or 40.0 micrograms @entity4 /g body weight subcutaneously over a two-week period. Mechanisms of cell-mediated host resistance were assessed by quantitating natural killer (NK), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and macrophage-mediated lysis of radiolabelled @entity0 target cells, and macrophage-induced cytostasis in @entity0 cell populations. Macrophages from @entity4 -treated @entity1 were cytostatic to @entity0 cells, inhibiting up to 90% of growth in cultured @entity0 cells, but were not tumoricidal. Furthermore, pyran-elicited (primed) macrophages, which are activated to fully cytotoxic states by in vitro exposure to lipopolysaccharide, were inhibited in tumoricidal activation by in vivo @entity4 exposure. The induction of responsive but not cytotoxic macrophages by in vivo @entity4 exposure is consistent with the enhanced resistance to Listeria bacterial challenge, and increased susceptibility to B16F10 @entity0 and Trichinella parasitic challenges observed in these @entity1 . Furthermore, previous reports of decreased in vitro NK activity following in vivo @entity4 exposure and present observations of correlative decreases of in vivo NK activity (55% decrease in @entity1 exposed to 20 micrograms @entity4 /g) suggest an important role for NK activity in limiting in vivo B16F10 @entity2 growth. CTL effector function was less susceptible to @entity4 -induced suppression than NK function at similar dosages, further supporting a predominant role of macrophages and NK cells or possibly other effector functions in the resistance to Listeria, Trichinella, or B16F10 challenge. Nevertheless, significant suppressive effects of @entity4 on CTL function at higher dosages cannot be excluded as contributing to altered host resistance to these agents. These studies demonstrate that in vivo exposure to @entity4 can modify cell-mediated mechanisms of host resistance with coincident alterations in the incidence of @entity0 .

title: Correlation of @entity1 susceptibility to @entity0 , parasite and bacterial challenge with altered cell-mediated immunity following systemic exposure to the XXXX promoter @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity4 ), the most potent of the @entity0 promoting @entity5 , modulates function in several immunoresponsive cells following in vitro exposure. Since suppression of cellular mechanisms capable of limiting @entity0 and infections can adversely affect health, these experiments were designed to evaluate relevant components of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) following in vivo @entity4 exposure, and to determine the biological significance of any alterations utilizing assays of host resistance. Adult, female B6C3F1 @entity1 were administered 0.2, 2.0, 20.0 or 40.0 micrograms @entity4 /g body weight subcutaneously over a two-week period. Mechanisms of cell-mediated host resistance were assessed by quantitating natural killer (NK), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and macrophage-mediated lysis of radiolabelled @entity0 target cells, and macrophage-induced cytostasis in @entity0 cell populations. Macrophages from @entity4 -treated @entity1 were cytostatic to @entity0 cells, inhibiting up to 90% of growth in cultured @entity0 cells, but were not tumoricidal. Furthermore, pyran-elicited (primed) macrophages, which are activated to fully cytotoxic states by in vitro exposure to lipopolysaccharide, were inhibited in tumoricidal activation by in vivo @entity4 exposure. The induction of responsive but not cytotoxic macrophages by in vivo @entity4 exposure is consistent with the enhanced resistance to Listeria bacterial challenge, and increased susceptibility to B16F10 @entity0 and Trichinella parasitic challenges observed in these @entity1 . Furthermore, previous reports of decreased in vitro NK activity following in vivo @entity4 exposure and present observations of correlative decreases of in vivo NK activity (55% decrease in @entity1 exposed to 20 micrograms @entity4 /g) suggest an important role for NK activity in limiting in vivo B16F10 @entity2 growth. CTL effector function was less susceptible to @entity4 -induced suppression than NK function at similar dosages, further supporting a predominant role of macrophages and NK cells or possibly other effector functions in the resistance to Listeria, Trichinella, or B16F10 challenge. Nevertheless, significant suppressive effects of @entity4 on CTL function at higher dosages cannot be excluded as contributing to altered host resistance to these agents. These studies demonstrate that in vivo exposure to @entity4 can modify cell-mediated mechanisms of host resistance with coincident alterations in the incidence of @entity0 .

title: Correlation of XXXX susceptibility to @entity0 , parasite and bacterial challenge with altered cell-mediated immunity following systemic exposure to the @entity0 promoter @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 [Poly (I: C)], a ligand for Toll-like receptor ( @entity4 ), is used as an adjuvant to enhance anti- @entity1 immunity because of its prominent effects on CD8 T cells and NK cells. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the main immunosuppressive factors in @entity1 , and their abnormal accumulation is correlated with the clinical stage of @entity0 and is an important mechanism of @entity1 immune evasion. Although Poly (I: C) is thought to have direct anti- @entity1 activity in different cell lines, its effect on immunosuppressive MDSCs in @entity1 -bearing animals has not been studied. 4T1-Luc, a metastatic @entity0 @entity2 cell line, was injected into the left flank of female BALB/c @entity2 . Tumor-bearing @entity2 were treated with i.p. injection of Poly (I: C) or PBS beginning on day 7 after @entity1 inoculation. WBCs and MDSCs were counted using coulter counter and stained for flow cytometry, respectively. Bioluminescent imaging was used to monitor @entity1 burden at multiple time points during the course of @entity1 growth. Poly (I: C) treatment led to a decrease in MDSC frequencies in BM, blood, and @entity1 compared to saline-treated control @entity2 . Poly (I: C) treatment also abrogated the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs, concomitant with an increase in local T cell response of the immune system in a @entity2 model of @entity0 . Poly (I: C) treatment decreases MDSC frequency and immunosuppressive function in 4T1- @entity1 -bearing hosts and effectively augments the activity of @entity0 immunotherapy.

title: Poly (I: C) modulates the immunosuppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in a @entity2 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 [Poly (I: C)], a ligand for Toll-like receptor ( @entity4 ), is used as an adjuvant to enhance anti- @entity1 immunity because of its prominent effects on CD8 T cells and NK cells. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are one of the main immunosuppressive factors in @entity1 , and their abnormal accumulation is correlated with the clinical stage of @entity0 and is an important mechanism of @entity1 immune evasion. Although Poly (I: C) is thought to have direct anti- @entity1 activity in different cell lines, its effect on immunosuppressive MDSCs in @entity1 -bearing animals has not been studied. 4T1-Luc, a metastatic @entity0 @entity2 cell line, was injected into the left flank of female BALB/c @entity2 . Tumor-bearing @entity2 were treated with i.p. injection of Poly (I: C) or PBS beginning on day 7 after @entity1 inoculation. WBCs and MDSCs were counted using coulter counter and stained for flow cytometry, respectively. Bioluminescent imaging was used to monitor @entity1 burden at multiple time points during the course of @entity1 growth. Poly (I: C) treatment led to a decrease in MDSC frequencies in BM, blood, and @entity1 compared to saline-treated control @entity2 . Poly (I: C) treatment also abrogated the immunosuppressive function of MDSCs, concomitant with an increase in local T cell response of the immune system in a @entity2 model of @entity0 . Poly (I: C) treatment decreases MDSC frequency and immunosuppressive function in 4T1- @entity1 -bearing hosts and effectively augments the activity of @entity0 immunotherapy.

title: Poly (I: C) modulates the immunosuppressive activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in a XXXX model of @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Insulin rapidly stimulates @entity1 kinase activity of its receptor resulting in phosphorylation of its cytosolic substrate @entity3 substrate 1 ( @entity4 ), which in turn associates with and activates the enzyme @entity2 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). In the present study we have examined these three initial steps in insulin action during the differentiation of 3T3-F442A adipocytes and after treatment with @entity0 or insulin. The differentiation of 3T3-F442A cells was characterized by a 13-fold increase in @entity3 protein, a 9-fold increase in @entity4 , and a 10- and 4.5-fold increase in their insulin-stimulated phosphorylation, respectively. The mRNA expression of these two proteins showed a similar 8-fold increase during differentiation. In addition there was a 3.5-fold increase in PI 3-kinase protein [85 kilodalton (kDa) subunit] and a 16-fold increase in @entity4 -associated PI 3-kinase activity between day 0 and day 8 of differentiation. @entity0 (1 microM) treatment of differentiated cells induced a further 48% (P < 0.05) increase in @entity3 level, but the autophosphorylation of the receptor was decreased by 31 +/- 1% (P < 0.02). At the same time there was a decrease by 56 +/- 4% (P < 0.005) in @entity4 protein and by 31 +/- 1% (P < 0.001) in @entity4 phosphorylation. The expression of @entity3 mRNA was unchanged, but the expression of @entity4 mRNA was decreased by approximately 75% after @entity0 . By contrast, @entity0 induced a 69% increase in the level of PI 3-kinase as determined by immunoblotting. The combined effect of decreased @entity4 phosphorylation and increased PI 3-kinase protein was a minimal change (15% decrease) in the association/activation between @entity4 and PI 3-kinase. Chronic treatment with 100 nM insulin induced a time- and dose-dependent decrease in @entity3 and @entity4 protein levels reaching a nadir of 34 +/- 5% (P < 0.005) and 39 +/- 5% (P < 0.01) of control levels after 24 h, respectively. There was an even more marked decrease in the phosphorylation level of these proteins. Chronic insulin treatment also produced a 30% decrease in PI 3-kinase protein levels and a approximately 50% decrease in the association/activation between @entity4 /PI 3-kinase. The expression of @entity3 and @entity4 mRNA was unchanged during chronic insulin treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Regulation of @entity3 , XXXX substrate-1 and @entity2 3-kinase in 3T3-F442A adipocytes. Effects of differentiation, insulin, and @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Insulin rapidly stimulates @entity1 kinase activity of its receptor resulting in phosphorylation of its cytosolic substrate @entity3 substrate 1 ( @entity4 ), which in turn associates with and activates the enzyme @entity2 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). In the present study we have examined these three initial steps in insulin action during the differentiation of 3T3-F442A adipocytes and after treatment with @entity0 or insulin. The differentiation of 3T3-F442A cells was characterized by a 13-fold increase in @entity3 protein, a 9-fold increase in @entity4 , and a 10- and 4.5-fold increase in their insulin-stimulated phosphorylation, respectively. The mRNA expression of these two proteins showed a similar 8-fold increase during differentiation. In addition there was a 3.5-fold increase in PI 3-kinase protein [85 kilodalton (kDa) subunit] and a 16-fold increase in @entity4 -associated PI 3-kinase activity between day 0 and day 8 of differentiation. @entity0 (1 microM) treatment of differentiated cells induced a further 48% (P < 0.05) increase in @entity3 level, but the autophosphorylation of the receptor was decreased by 31 +/- 1% (P < 0.02). At the same time there was a decrease by 56 +/- 4% (P < 0.005) in @entity4 protein and by 31 +/- 1% (P < 0.001) in @entity4 phosphorylation. The expression of @entity3 mRNA was unchanged, but the expression of @entity4 mRNA was decreased by approximately 75% after @entity0 . By contrast, @entity0 induced a 69% increase in the level of PI 3-kinase as determined by immunoblotting. The combined effect of decreased @entity4 phosphorylation and increased PI 3-kinase protein was a minimal change (15% decrease) in the association/activation between @entity4 and PI 3-kinase. Chronic treatment with 100 nM insulin induced a time- and dose-dependent decrease in @entity3 and @entity4 protein levels reaching a nadir of 34 +/- 5% (P < 0.005) and 39 +/- 5% (P < 0.01) of control levels after 24 h, respectively. There was an even more marked decrease in the phosphorylation level of these proteins. Chronic insulin treatment also produced a 30% decrease in PI 3-kinase protein levels and a approximately 50% decrease in the association/activation between @entity4 /PI 3-kinase. The expression of @entity3 and @entity4 mRNA was unchanged during chronic insulin treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Regulation of XXXX , @entity3 substrate-1 and @entity2 3-kinase in 3T3-F442A adipocytes. Effects of differentiation, insulin, and @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Insulin rapidly stimulates @entity1 kinase activity of its receptor resulting in phosphorylation of its cytosolic substrate @entity3 substrate 1 ( @entity4 ), which in turn associates with and activates the enzyme @entity2 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). In the present study we have examined these three initial steps in insulin action during the differentiation of 3T3-F442A adipocytes and after treatment with @entity0 or insulin. The differentiation of 3T3-F442A cells was characterized by a 13-fold increase in @entity3 protein, a 9-fold increase in @entity4 , and a 10- and 4.5-fold increase in their insulin-stimulated phosphorylation, respectively. The mRNA expression of these two proteins showed a similar 8-fold increase during differentiation. In addition there was a 3.5-fold increase in PI 3-kinase protein [85 kilodalton (kDa) subunit] and a 16-fold increase in @entity4 -associated PI 3-kinase activity between day 0 and day 8 of differentiation. @entity0 (1 microM) treatment of differentiated cells induced a further 48% (P < 0.05) increase in @entity3 level, but the autophosphorylation of the receptor was decreased by 31 +/- 1% (P < 0.02). At the same time there was a decrease by 56 +/- 4% (P < 0.005) in @entity4 protein and by 31 +/- 1% (P < 0.001) in @entity4 phosphorylation. The expression of @entity3 mRNA was unchanged, but the expression of @entity4 mRNA was decreased by approximately 75% after @entity0 . By contrast, @entity0 induced a 69% increase in the level of PI 3-kinase as determined by immunoblotting. The combined effect of decreased @entity4 phosphorylation and increased PI 3-kinase protein was a minimal change (15% decrease) in the association/activation between @entity4 and PI 3-kinase. Chronic treatment with 100 nM insulin induced a time- and dose-dependent decrease in @entity3 and @entity4 protein levels reaching a nadir of 34 +/- 5% (P < 0.005) and 39 +/- 5% (P < 0.01) of control levels after 24 h, respectively. There was an even more marked decrease in the phosphorylation level of these proteins. Chronic insulin treatment also produced a 30% decrease in PI 3-kinase protein levels and a approximately 50% decrease in the association/activation between @entity4 /PI 3-kinase. The expression of @entity3 and @entity4 mRNA was unchanged during chronic insulin treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Regulation of @entity3 , @entity3 substrate-1 and @entity2 3-kinase in 3T3-F442A adipocytes. Effects of differentiation, insulin, and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Insulin rapidly stimulates @entity1 kinase activity of its receptor resulting in phosphorylation of its cytosolic substrate @entity3 substrate 1 ( @entity4 ), which in turn associates with and activates the enzyme @entity2 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). In the present study we have examined these three initial steps in insulin action during the differentiation of 3T3-F442A adipocytes and after treatment with @entity0 or insulin. The differentiation of 3T3-F442A cells was characterized by a 13-fold increase in @entity3 protein, a 9-fold increase in @entity4 , and a 10- and 4.5-fold increase in their insulin-stimulated phosphorylation, respectively. The mRNA expression of these two proteins showed a similar 8-fold increase during differentiation. In addition there was a 3.5-fold increase in PI 3-kinase protein [85 kilodalton (kDa) subunit] and a 16-fold increase in @entity4 -associated PI 3-kinase activity between day 0 and day 8 of differentiation. @entity0 (1 microM) treatment of differentiated cells induced a further 48% (P < 0.05) increase in @entity3 level, but the autophosphorylation of the receptor was decreased by 31 +/- 1% (P < 0.02). At the same time there was a decrease by 56 +/- 4% (P < 0.005) in @entity4 protein and by 31 +/- 1% (P < 0.001) in @entity4 phosphorylation. The expression of @entity3 mRNA was unchanged, but the expression of @entity4 mRNA was decreased by approximately 75% after @entity0 . By contrast, @entity0 induced a 69% increase in the level of PI 3-kinase as determined by immunoblotting. The combined effect of decreased @entity4 phosphorylation and increased PI 3-kinase protein was a minimal change (15% decrease) in the association/activation between @entity4 and PI 3-kinase. Chronic treatment with 100 nM insulin induced a time- and dose-dependent decrease in @entity3 and @entity4 protein levels reaching a nadir of 34 +/- 5% (P < 0.005) and 39 +/- 5% (P < 0.01) of control levels after 24 h, respectively. There was an even more marked decrease in the phosphorylation level of these proteins. Chronic insulin treatment also produced a 30% decrease in PI 3-kinase protein levels and a approximately 50% decrease in the association/activation between @entity4 /PI 3-kinase. The expression of @entity3 and @entity4 mRNA was unchanged during chronic insulin treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Regulation of @entity3 , @entity3 substrate-1 and XXXX 3-kinase in 3T3-F442A adipocytes. Effects of differentiation, insulin, and @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the antitumor effects and @entity3 of @entity5 ( @entity5 )- @entity6 kinase inhibitor @entity9 (Iressa) in @entity0 with advanced @entity7 ( @entity7 ). METHODS: From December 2002 to August 2003, 39 @entity0 with unresectable @entity7 were enrolled for 250 mg once-daily oral treatment with @entity9 . Clinical data was analysed using chi-square test, t test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Quality of Life (QoL) was analyzed using Chinese Version of European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity2 (EORTC) core questionnaire QLQ-C30 and @entity1 related questionnaire QLQ-LC13. RESULTS: @entity2 response rate (complete response and partial response) was 28.2% . Disease control rate, which included both @entity2 responses and stable disease, was 59.0%. Objective @entity2 response was correlated with gender and pathological type. Time to progress was (6.6  1.6) months (95% CI, 3.4-9.7), and 1 year survival rate was 54.3%. Response rate of @entity1 -related symptom scales were 34.8%, 65.2% and 73.9% respectively. The @entity9 of 250 mg/d was well tolerated by @entity0 . The majority of adverse events were grade I or grade II @entity8 and @entity4 , which were manageable and reversible. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9 offers a new treatment option providing meaningful @entity2 control and symptom relief for many @entity0 with advanced @entity7 .

title: [ @entity9 (Iressa) in the treatment of XXXX @entity0 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the antitumor effects and @entity3 of @entity5 ( @entity5 )- @entity6 kinase inhibitor @entity9 (Iressa) in @entity0 with advanced @entity7 ( @entity7 ). METHODS: From December 2002 to August 2003, 39 @entity0 with unresectable @entity7 were enrolled for 250 mg once-daily oral treatment with @entity9 . Clinical data was analysed using chi-square test, t test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Quality of Life (QoL) was analyzed using Chinese Version of European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity2 (EORTC) core questionnaire QLQ-C30 and @entity1 related questionnaire QLQ-LC13. RESULTS: @entity2 response rate (complete response and partial response) was 28.2% . Disease control rate, which included both @entity2 responses and stable disease, was 59.0%. Objective @entity2 response was correlated with gender and pathological type. Time to progress was (6.6  1.6) months (95% CI, 3.4-9.7), and 1 year survival rate was 54.3%. Response rate of @entity1 -related symptom scales were 34.8%, 65.2% and 73.9% respectively. The @entity9 of 250 mg/d was well tolerated by @entity0 . The majority of adverse events were grade I or grade II @entity8 and @entity4 , which were manageable and reversible. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9 offers a new treatment option providing meaningful @entity2 control and symptom relief for many @entity0 with advanced @entity7 .

title: [ XXXX (Iressa) in the treatment of @entity7 @entity0 ].

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate the antitumor effects and @entity3 of @entity5 ( @entity5 )- @entity6 kinase inhibitor @entity9 (Iressa) in @entity0 with advanced @entity7 ( @entity7 ). METHODS: From December 2002 to August 2003, 39 @entity0 with unresectable @entity7 were enrolled for 250 mg once-daily oral treatment with @entity9 . Clinical data was analysed using chi-square test, t test and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Quality of Life (QoL) was analyzed using Chinese Version of European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity2 (EORTC) core questionnaire QLQ-C30 and @entity1 related questionnaire QLQ-LC13. RESULTS: @entity2 response rate (complete response and partial response) was 28.2% . Disease control rate, which included both @entity2 responses and stable disease, was 59.0%. Objective @entity2 response was correlated with gender and pathological type. Time to progress was (6.6  1.6) months (95% CI, 3.4-9.7), and 1 year survival rate was 54.3%. Response rate of @entity1 -related symptom scales were 34.8%, 65.2% and 73.9% respectively. The @entity9 of 250 mg/d was well tolerated by @entity0 . The majority of adverse events were grade I or grade II @entity8 and @entity4 , which were manageable and reversible. CONCLUSIONS: @entity9 offers a new treatment option providing meaningful @entity2 control and symptom relief for many @entity0 with advanced @entity7 .

title: [ @entity9 (Iressa) in the treatment of @entity7 XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Studies using pancreas perfusion techniques point to a physiological inhibition of glucagon release by insulin which should be mediated by A cell-residing insulin receptors. In this study, we have characterized the insulin receptors expressed in a hamster @entity3 A cell line (INR1G9 cells) which is an accepted tool for A cell studies. In receptor binding assays 125I-insulin was displaced with a Kd of 3 nmol/l. Binding was also dependent upon time, temperature and cell number. Insulin concentration-dependently inhibited glucagon secretion (1 mumol: 59%, 100 nmol/l: 71%, 10 nmol/l: 86% of controls). In transient transfection experiments insulin inhibited proglucagon gene transcription (controls: 100%, 100 nmol/l: 54%, 10 nmol/l: 57%, 1 nmol/l: 72%, 100 pmol/l: 96%). Treatment of INR1G9 cells with insulin for 20 h induced a strong downregulation of insulin receptors (controls: 100%, 100 nmol/l: 30%, 10 nmol/l: 70%, 1 nmol/l: 73%, 100 pmol/l: 75%) and of @entity2 mRNA levels (controls: 100%, 100 nmol/l: 42%, 10 nmol/l: 82%, 1 nmol/l: 84%, 100 pmol/l: 90%). When INR1G9 cells were transiently transfected with a hybrid gene containing the promotor/enhancer region of the @entity0 @entity2 promotor (1,462 bp) linked to the transcriptional reporter gene @entity1 acetyltransferase and were treated with insulin it was demonstrated that insulin did not affect the @entity2 gene transcription. In conclusion, INR1G9 cells express specific receptors for insulin. Insulin inhibits glucagon secretion and proglucagon gene expression via an inhibition of proglucagon gene transcription. Ligand-induced downregulation of the @entity2 is not mediated by changes of @entity2 gene transcription and is most likely regulated by posttranscriptional mechanisms, e.g. destabilization of @entity2 mRNA.

title: Molecular and functional characterization of insulin receptors present on hamster XXXX cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The neurotransmitter responsible for neurogenic vasodilation in @entity0 skin during body heating is unknown. We sought to determine whether the vasodilating substance @entity1 (NO) is involved in this phenomenon. Six subjects were heated for 50 min by use of a water-perfused suit while forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured with plethysmography and skin blood flow (SkBF) was measured by the laser-Doppler method in both arms. In one forearm, @entity4 ( @entity4 ), an NO synthase blocker, was infused into the brachial artery. Bolus doses of @entity4 (< or = 4 mg/min) for 5 min were given to blunt NO-mediated vasodilator responses to @entity2 ( @entity3 , 64 micrograms/min). A continuous infusion of @entity4 (< or = 1.0 mg/min) was used during body heating to maintain NO synthase blockade. In the forearm receiving @entity4 , FBF was 1.8 +/- 0.3 ml.100 ml-1.min-1 before drug infusion and rose to 9.5 +/- 1.3 ml.100 ml-1.min-1 with @entity3 . After @entity4 infusion, FBF was 1.3 +/- 0.2 ml.100 ml-1.min-1 and rose to 2.6 +/- 0.4 ml.100 ml-1.min-1 with @entity3 (both P < 0.05 vs. pre- @entity4 ). Similar changes in SkBF were seen with @entity3 and @entity4 , confirming that the drugs reached cutaneous vessels. With body heating, oral temperature increased by 1.2 degrees C, heart rate increased by 34 beats/min, and mean arterial pressure remained constant at approximately 75 mmHg. FBF in the treated forearm rose to 11.5 +/- 2.1 vs. 12.6 +/- 1.7 ml.100 ml-1.min-1 in the control forearm (P > 0.05, control vs. treated response).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Is XXXX involved in cutaneous vasodilation during body heating in @entity0 ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: The neurotransmitter responsible for neurogenic vasodilation in @entity0 skin during body heating is unknown. We sought to determine whether the vasodilating substance @entity1 (NO) is involved in this phenomenon. Six subjects were heated for 50 min by use of a water-perfused suit while forearm blood flow (FBF) was measured with plethysmography and skin blood flow (SkBF) was measured by the laser-Doppler method in both arms. In one forearm, @entity4 ( @entity4 ), an NO synthase blocker, was infused into the brachial artery. Bolus doses of @entity4 (< or = 4 mg/min) for 5 min were given to blunt NO-mediated vasodilator responses to @entity2 ( @entity3 , 64 micrograms/min). A continuous infusion of @entity4 (< or = 1.0 mg/min) was used during body heating to maintain NO synthase blockade. In the forearm receiving @entity4 , FBF was 1.8 +/- 0.3 ml.100 ml-1.min-1 before drug infusion and rose to 9.5 +/- 1.3 ml.100 ml-1.min-1 with @entity3 . After @entity4 infusion, FBF was 1.3 +/- 0.2 ml.100 ml-1.min-1 and rose to 2.6 +/- 0.4 ml.100 ml-1.min-1 with @entity3 (both P < 0.05 vs. pre- @entity4 ). Similar changes in SkBF were seen with @entity3 and @entity4 , confirming that the drugs reached cutaneous vessels. With body heating, oral temperature increased by 1.2 degrees C, heart rate increased by 34 beats/min, and mean arterial pressure remained constant at approximately 75 mmHg. FBF in the treated forearm rose to 11.5 +/- 2.1 vs. 12.6 +/- 1.7 ml.100 ml-1.min-1 in the control forearm (P > 0.05, control vs. treated response).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Is @entity1 involved in cutaneous vasodilation during body heating in XXXX ?

answer: @entity0