abstract: Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAID) induce the formation of @entity6 @entity3 and intestinal ulcers in experimental animals. The damage can be prevented by prior local administration of @entity9 , indicating that @entity9 have protective properties on the @entity2 . The protective effect was studied in @entity0 by measuring the fecal @entity1 during @entity10 treatment of 18 @entity0 with @entity7 with and without concomitant oral supplementation with 1 mg @entity8 three times daily. The study had a randomized double-blind crossover design using 51Cr-labeled erythrocytes as marker of @entity4 . @entity10 increased the daily fecal @entity1 from 1.0 +/- 0.3 to 2.8 +/- 0.6 ml (P less than 0.005). When oral @entity8 was taken concomitantly, the @entity1 was reduced to 1.1 +/- 0.2 ml daily (P less than 0.01), i.e., to the control level. Side effects of @entity8 were negligible, and the beneficial effect of @entity10 on joint status and symptoms was not interfered with. No changes were recorded in repeated blood tests except for a slightly reduced hemoglobin and a small but statistically significant reduction of serum- @entity5 during @entity10 treatment, an effect hitherto not described in normocalcemic @entity0 subjects. A protective effect on the @entity2 by oral @entity8 has by the present study been demonstrated also in @entity0 . The protection is unrelated to the @entity3 acid secretion, which is not inhibited by oral @entity8 . The finding may have clinical application, as gastrointestinal side effects and @entity6 are common reasons for discontinuation of NSAID in @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: Protective effect of @entity8 in the gastrointestinal tract during @entity10 treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The distribution of lectin-binding sites in oxyntic and chief cells of isolated @entity0 gastric glands was determined with seven fluoresceinated lectins, to ascertain which lectins might best be used in the biochemical characterization of cell membranes and glycoproteins of these two cell types. Oxyntic cell canaliculi were labeled by @entity2 germ, Helix pomatia, and peanut lectins, suggesting a predominance of @entity7 . Tubulovesicles were heavily stained by @entity2 germ, Helix pomatia, and @entity6 I lectins, indicative of @entity7 - and @entity3 -containing glycoconjugates. Diffuse oxyntic cell cytoplasmic staining was observed with the @entity4 -binding lectin concanavalin A. This lectin, along with @entity2 germ, @entity1 , Helix pomatia, and @entity6 I lectins, bound to oxyntic cell basolateral membranes, indicating @entity4 , @entity7 , and @entity3 residues. Chief cell apical membranes were labeled with peanut, @entity6 I, Helix pomatia, and Ulex europaeus lectins, suggesting a predominance of @entity7 , @entity3 , and @entity5 residues. None of the lectins demonstrated any significant affinity for chief cell cytoplasm or basolateral membrane. Ulex europaeus agglutinin-binding sites were additionally concentrated in lateral intercellular spaces. The results of this study indicate that the range of utility of isolated @entity0 gastric glands can be expanded to include histochemical work. In addition, the data suggest the applicability of lectin affinity chromatography in the isolation and characterization of oxyntic and chief cell membranes and glycoproteins.

title: Distribution of lectin-binding sites in oxyntic and chief cells of isolated XXXX gastric glands.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Twenty one @entity7 containing materials were examined for carcinogenic activity in a two year study using an intrabronchial pellet implantation system whereby pellets loaded with test material were surgically implanted into the lower left bronchus of @entity2 . The principal aim of the study was to extend our knowledge of the carcinogenic potential of @entity7 compounds and, in particular, @entity10 ( @entity9 ). A statistically significant incidence of treatment related @entity1 was found with some sparingly soluble chromate materials. All @entity1 were large keratinizing @entity5 of the left lung, except for a @entity6 and two @entity0 . No @entity3 (0/100) were seen in the negative control group (blank pellet loaded with @entity4 ), whereas @entity3 (22/48 and 25/100) occurred in the two positive control groups which received pellets loaded with @entity8 and @entity11 respectively. Among the 20 test materials, only three groups gave statistically significant numbers of @entity3 . Two of these were groups receiving different samples of @entity12 which gave 43/99 and 62/99 @entity1 . The third group, @entity13 (low solubility), gave 5/100 @entity3 . A further @entity13 group (Norge composition) produced 3/100 @entity3 which was not statistically significant. @entity1 were observed in other test groups.

title: Investigation of the potential carcinogenicity of a range of XXXX containing materials on @entity2 lung.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Twenty one @entity7 containing materials were examined for carcinogenic activity in a two year study using an intrabronchial pellet implantation system whereby pellets loaded with test material were surgically implanted into the lower left bronchus of @entity2 . The principal aim of the study was to extend our knowledge of the carcinogenic potential of @entity7 compounds and, in particular, @entity10 ( @entity9 ). A statistically significant incidence of treatment related @entity1 was found with some sparingly soluble chromate materials. All @entity1 were large keratinizing @entity5 of the left lung, except for a @entity6 and two @entity0 . No @entity3 (0/100) were seen in the negative control group (blank pellet loaded with @entity4 ), whereas @entity3 (22/48 and 25/100) occurred in the two positive control groups which received pellets loaded with @entity8 and @entity11 respectively. Among the 20 test materials, only three groups gave statistically significant numbers of @entity3 . Two of these were groups receiving different samples of @entity12 which gave 43/99 and 62/99 @entity1 . The third group, @entity13 (low solubility), gave 5/100 @entity3 . A further @entity13 group (Norge composition) produced 3/100 @entity3 which was not statistically significant. @entity1 were observed in other test groups.

title: Investigation of the potential carcinogenicity of a range of @entity7 containing materials on XXXX lung.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A case of @entity2 with bone formation is reported. A 61-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital with one month history of fever. About 15 cm in diameter mass was palpated in her right lower abdomen. Plain abdominal roentgenography, ultrasonography and computed tomography showed marked @entity4 in the cephalic portion of the right kidney, @entity1 surrounding right kidney and another @entity1 in the right lower abdomen. All these @entity1 and the kidney constituted a big mass continuously, and no fatty component was demonstrated. Total excision of the mass including the kidney was performed. The mass was 30 @entity6 10 cm in size and 3,240 g in weight. Histologically, the @entity1 was compatible to @entity2 . But, radiopaque shadows which looked like @entity4 were disclosed to be bones, and fatty tissues were not seen so much. Therefore, the name " @entity5 " was thought to be more acceptable than @entity3 in this case. Preoperative diagnosis of @entity2 is the demonstration of fatty densities in the @entity1 , and the characteristic extrarenal development should also be taken into consideration. Furthermore, the bone formation of @entity3 , which is very rare might be an important finding to @entity3 .

title: [A case of XXXX with bone formation].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Following @entity6 combination chemotherapy for advanced @entity1 , response to subsequent treatments has proved relatively poor. @entity7 and @entity9 ( @entity9 ) have both been reported to have useful activity as single agents in @entity0 with @entity1 . We have carried out a phase II trial of a combination of these two agents in 25 @entity0 who had previously received a median of two chemotherapy regimens (range, one to five regimens). @entity0 received @entity7 , 10 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on day 1 every 6 weeks, and @entity9 , 500 mg/m2 IV daily on days 1 to 3 every 3 weeks. Four @entity0 experienced a complete response and six @entity0 a partial response, for an overall objective response rate of 40%. The median duration of complete and partial responses was 8 and 4 months, respectively. The median duration of survival for all 25 @entity0 was 10.5 months (range, 2.5 to 49+ months). The most prevalent @entity3 was @entity4 . @entity8 occurred in 68% of the @entity0 , and 36% experienced @entity5 . Severe or life-threatening @entity4 was observed in 36% of the @entity0 and required dose reduction or drug discontinuance in 28% and 24%, respectively. We conclude that @entity7 plus @entity9 combination therapy appears to be extremely active in @entity0 with @entity2 . Confirmatory trials are indicated.

title: Phase II trial of XXXX plus @entity9 in the treatment of @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Following @entity6 combination chemotherapy for advanced @entity1 , response to subsequent treatments has proved relatively poor. @entity7 and @entity9 ( @entity9 ) have both been reported to have useful activity as single agents in @entity0 with @entity1 . We have carried out a phase II trial of a combination of these two agents in 25 @entity0 who had previously received a median of two chemotherapy regimens (range, one to five regimens). @entity0 received @entity7 , 10 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on day 1 every 6 weeks, and @entity9 , 500 mg/m2 IV daily on days 1 to 3 every 3 weeks. Four @entity0 experienced a complete response and six @entity0 a partial response, for an overall objective response rate of 40%. The median duration of complete and partial responses was 8 and 4 months, respectively. The median duration of survival for all 25 @entity0 was 10.5 months (range, 2.5 to 49+ months). The most prevalent @entity3 was @entity4 . @entity8 occurred in 68% of the @entity0 , and 36% experienced @entity5 . Severe or life-threatening @entity4 was observed in 36% of the @entity0 and required dose reduction or drug discontinuance in 28% and 24%, respectively. We conclude that @entity7 plus @entity9 combination therapy appears to be extremely active in @entity0 with @entity2 . Confirmatory trials are indicated.

title: Phase II trial of @entity7 plus XXXX in the treatment of @entity1 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Following @entity6 combination chemotherapy for advanced @entity1 , response to subsequent treatments has proved relatively poor. @entity7 and @entity9 ( @entity9 ) have both been reported to have useful activity as single agents in @entity0 with @entity1 . We have carried out a phase II trial of a combination of these two agents in 25 @entity0 who had previously received a median of two chemotherapy regimens (range, one to five regimens). @entity0 received @entity7 , 10 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) on day 1 every 6 weeks, and @entity9 , 500 mg/m2 IV daily on days 1 to 3 every 3 weeks. Four @entity0 experienced a complete response and six @entity0 a partial response, for an overall objective response rate of 40%. The median duration of complete and partial responses was 8 and 4 months, respectively. The median duration of survival for all 25 @entity0 was 10.5 months (range, 2.5 to 49+ months). The most prevalent @entity3 was @entity4 . @entity8 occurred in 68% of the @entity0 , and 36% experienced @entity5 . Severe or life-threatening @entity4 was observed in 36% of the @entity0 and required dose reduction or drug discontinuance in 28% and 24%, respectively. We conclude that @entity7 plus @entity9 combination therapy appears to be extremely active in @entity0 with @entity2 . Confirmatory trials are indicated.

title: Phase II trial of @entity7 plus @entity9 in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Deep pectoral @entity2 occurred in 39 of 204 apparently healthy and 46 of 146 ill, adult broiler breeders from Poultry Research Centre flocks. Both sexes and two commercial strains were similarly affected. The @entity2 was not associated with any disease except pododermatitis. The supracoracoid was the only muscle affected. It was bilaterally involved in 33 @entity4 . The lesions were grouped macroscopically into three categories: acute @entity0 progressing to a green @entity1 , centrally located cicatrix, and replacement of the caudal region by fibroadipose tissue. Microscopcially the green lesion consisted of @entity1 , anucleate muscle fibres devoid of inflammatory cells and surrounded by a fibrous capsule that had a reactive inner border and externally abutted on normal and regenerating muscle or fibro-adipose tissue. Considered with the ultrastructural findings of early loss of glycogen and disintegration of sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, nuclei and Z lines, these findings indicate that the condition is an @entity1 . There was no evidence that its primary cause was occlusive @entity3 . The muscle was able to regenerate unless extensive secondary neurological lesions were present.

title: Pathology of XXXX of broilers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Electrophysiologic studies were performed before DDD pacemaker implantation in 50 @entity0 with symptomatic @entity2 . The @entity0 were separated into 2 groups. Group I consisted of @entity0 with intact retrograde conduction and group II consisted of @entity0 with blocked retrograde conduction. After pacemaker implantation, postventricular atrial refractory periods in @entity0 in group I were programmed at 50 to 100 ms, in excess of the retrograde conduction times measured during electrophysiologic studies. In group II @entity0 , postventricular atrial refractory periods were routinely programmed at 300 ms. During follow-up, @entity0 visited the outpatient clinic at 3-month intervals for noninvasive assessment of the prevalence of retrograde conduction, and to test the inducibility of pacemaker-mediated @entity1 . The mean follow-up of group I (15 @entity0 ) was 27 +/- 10 months, whereas the mean follow-up of group II (35 @entity0 ) was 19 +/- 9 months. The mean number of noninvasive tests performed during follow-up was 8 +/- 3 per @entity0 for group I and 5 +/- 3 per @entity0 for group II. In group I, retrograde conduction remained intact in 12 @entity0 (p less than 0.01). In 29 of 31 @entity0 in group II, retrograde conduction remained absent (p less than 0.01). In 4 @entity0 in group II, chronic @entity3 occurred during follow-up. @entity3 did not occur in any @entity0 in group I. During serial electrophysiologic testing, no pacemaker-mediated @entity1 could be induced in any @entity0 in group I or II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Prevalence of retrograde conduction in XXXX after DDD pacemaker implantation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Twenty-eight (24%) of 116 pregnant @entity0 studied prospectively during an 8-month period in 1983 had platelet counts of less than 150,000/mm3 at least once during pregnancy. Thirteen of these were @entity1 in both the prenatal and the peripartum period. Eighteen were restudied 3 to 12 months after delivery. One @entity0 , who was pregnant again, had a platelet count of 140,000/mm3. In the others, platelet counts were in the normal range. Platelet-associated immunoglobulin G and serum antiplatelet antibody levels were elevated in 79% and 61%, respectively, of these 28 @entity0 on at least one occasion. However, 59% of 73 pregnant nonthrombocytopenic @entity0 had increased platelet-associated immunoglobulin G levels and 59% had positive serum antiplatelet antibody test results. Twenty @entity0 who had increased platelet-associated immunoglobulin G levels and positive serum antiplatelet antibody test results were normal 6 to 10 months after delivery. Of 105 @entity0 studied, 10 were @entity1 . @entity1 was not predicted by maternal platelet count, platelet-associated immunoglobulin G, or serum antiplatelet antibody. By the fall of 1984, the incidence of @entity1 had dropped to two in 280 consecutive pregnancies. We conclude that (1) epidemics of @entity1 can occur in pregnant @entity0 and (2) if a @entity0 is found to be @entity1 for the first time during pregnancy, she should not be subjected to the measures advocated for the management of pregnancy in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: An epidemic of maternal XXXX associated with elevated antiplatelet antibody. Platelet count and antiplatelet antibody in 116 consecutive pregnancies: relationship to neonatal platelet count.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Although inconsistent, reports have shown @entity7 levels to be associated with @entity6 . Accordingly, since cigarette smoking is associated with increased levels of @entity7 and @entity6 , it may also affect the association between @entity7 and @entity6 . We investigated the associations between @entity7 and carotid @entity2 ( @entity2 ) according to smoking status in a Korean male population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plasma @entity7 levels were measured in 277 @entity0 aged 40-87 years without a history of @entity5 or @entity1 . High-resolution B-mode ultrasonography was used to examine the common carotid arteries. @entity2 level was analyzed both as a continuous ( @entity2 -max, maximum value; @entity2 -tpm, 3-point mean value) and categorical variable (higher @entity2 ; presence of plaque). Serial linear and logistic regression models were employed to examine the association between @entity7 and @entity2 according to smoking status. RESULTS: @entity7 levels were positively associated with @entity2 -max (standardized b=0.25, p=0.021) and @entity2 -tpm (standardized b=0.21, p=0.038), even after adjusting for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, fasting @entity4 , and total @entity3 to high-density lipoprotein @entity3 ratio in current smokers (n=75). No significant association between @entity7 and @entity2 , however, was noted in former smokers (n=80) or nonsmokers (n=122). Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for having plaque per one standard deviation higher @entity7 level were 2.06 (1.09-3.89) for current smokers, 0.68 (0.43-1.10) for former smokers, and 1.06 (0.60-1.87) for nonsmokers. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that cigarette smoking may modify the association between @entity7 and carotid @entity6 . Further studies are required to confirm this finding in different populations.

title: Association between XXXX and Carotid @entity6 According to Smoking Status in a Korean Male Population.

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: Although inconsistent, reports have shown @entity7 levels to be associated with @entity6 . Accordingly, since cigarette smoking is associated with increased levels of @entity7 and @entity6 , it may also affect the association between @entity7 and @entity6 . We investigated the associations between @entity7 and carotid @entity2 ( @entity2 ) according to smoking status in a Korean male population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plasma @entity7 levels were measured in 277 @entity0 aged 40-87 years without a history of @entity5 or @entity1 . High-resolution B-mode ultrasonography was used to examine the common carotid arteries. @entity2 level was analyzed both as a continuous ( @entity2 -max, maximum value; @entity2 -tpm, 3-point mean value) and categorical variable (higher @entity2 ; presence of plaque). Serial linear and logistic regression models were employed to examine the association between @entity7 and @entity2 according to smoking status. RESULTS: @entity7 levels were positively associated with @entity2 -max (standardized b=0.25, p=0.021) and @entity2 -tpm (standardized b=0.21, p=0.038), even after adjusting for age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, fasting @entity4 , and total @entity3 to high-density lipoprotein @entity3 ratio in current smokers (n=75). No significant association between @entity7 and @entity2 , however, was noted in former smokers (n=80) or nonsmokers (n=122). Adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for having plaque per one standard deviation higher @entity7 level were 2.06 (1.09-3.89) for current smokers, 0.68 (0.43-1.10) for former smokers, and 1.06 (0.60-1.87) for nonsmokers. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that cigarette smoking may modify the association between @entity7 and carotid @entity6 . Further studies are required to confirm this finding in different populations.

title: Association between @entity7 and Carotid XXXX According to Smoking Status in a Korean Male Population.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The effect of injections of bacterial @entity5 on the expression of class I and II products of the MHC in @entity0 tissues was investigated. MHC products were assessed in tissue homogenates by radiolabeled antibody binding and in tissue sections by indirect immunoperoxidase (IIP) staining. In @entity0 given two i.p. injections of @entity5 from @entity4 or @entity6 minnesota, there were increases in class I and II MHC products in kidney, liver, heart, lung, and pancreas. Focusing on the changes in kidney, we demonstrated that the increase in MHC expression occurred in tubules and, in the case of class I, in glomeruli. @entity5 treatment also increased the deposition of Ig in glomeruli. Expressed on a standard curve, the total kidney class I and II expression was elevated approximately 10-fold. Time course studies indicated that increased class I expression could be induced by a single @entity5 injection, whereas class II induction required a second injection. The induction was influenced by the @entity5 sensitivity of the @entity0 , being much greater in @entity5 -sensitive C3H/HeSn @entity0 than in @entity5 -resistant C3H/HeJ @entity0 . @entity5 induced class I and II Ag in @entity0 and in @entity0 with severe @entity3 , indicating that T cells were not required. Nevertheless, the effect of @entity5 was inhibitable by @entity2 and by a mAb against @entity1 indicating that @entity1 was required for the MHC induction. We conclude that @entity5 induces an increase in expression and a redistribution of MHC products in kidney and in other tissues by a T cell-independent, @entity2 -sensitive pathway. These findings are probably related to the known ability of @entity5 to mediate release of @entity1 and other cytokines.

title: Regulation of MHC expression in vivo. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces class I and II MHC products in @entity0 tissues by a T cell-independent, XXXX -sensitive mechanism.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effect of injections of bacterial @entity5 on the expression of class I and II products of the MHC in @entity0 tissues was investigated. MHC products were assessed in tissue homogenates by radiolabeled antibody binding and in tissue sections by indirect immunoperoxidase (IIP) staining. In @entity0 given two i.p. injections of @entity5 from @entity4 or @entity6 minnesota, there were increases in class I and II MHC products in kidney, liver, heart, lung, and pancreas. Focusing on the changes in kidney, we demonstrated that the increase in MHC expression occurred in tubules and, in the case of class I, in glomeruli. @entity5 treatment also increased the deposition of Ig in glomeruli. Expressed on a standard curve, the total kidney class I and II expression was elevated approximately 10-fold. Time course studies indicated that increased class I expression could be induced by a single @entity5 injection, whereas class II induction required a second injection. The induction was influenced by the @entity5 sensitivity of the @entity0 , being much greater in @entity5 -sensitive C3H/HeSn @entity0 than in @entity5 -resistant C3H/HeJ @entity0 . @entity5 induced class I and II Ag in @entity0 and in @entity0 with severe @entity3 , indicating that T cells were not required. Nevertheless, the effect of @entity5 was inhibitable by @entity2 and by a mAb against @entity1 indicating that @entity1 was required for the MHC induction. We conclude that @entity5 induces an increase in expression and a redistribution of MHC products in kidney and in other tissues by a T cell-independent, @entity2 -sensitive pathway. These findings are probably related to the known ability of @entity5 to mediate release of @entity1 and other cytokines.

title: Regulation of MHC expression in vivo. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces class I and II MHC products in XXXX tissues by a T cell-independent, @entity2 -sensitive mechanism.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are caused by genetic factors such as subtelomeric rearrangements (SR) in 25  % of @entity0 . There are several assays currently available to detect SR, but subtelomeric fluorescence in situ hybridisation (Subt-FISH) and subtelomeric multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (Subt-MLPA) have been the most frequently used. However, the diagnostic yield of each technique has not been compared. We reviewed the results of SR screening over a ten-year period in Chilean @entity0 with @entity2 / @entity1 using Subt-FISH and/or Subt-MLPA, compared the diagnostic yield of both tools and reviewed the corresponding literature. A total of 383 cases were included in this study, of which 53.8  % were males. The overall diagnostic yield was 8.9  % between both methods, but Subt-MLPA showed a higher performance than Subt-FISH (p   =   0.002). A total of 4,181 @entity0 with @entity2 / @entity1 have been studied worldwide with Subt-MLPA and other subtelomeric assays, and 244 (5.84  %) had a pathogenic SR. It is estimated that Subt-MLPA may detect 92.6  % of the total cases with SR. The capacity of detecting tandem duplication and other critical regions, as well as the use of two MLPA kits, may explain the higher performance of this tool over Subt-FISH. Therefore, we recommend the use of this subtelomeric method as a cost-effective way to study @entity2 / @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Comparison of two subtelomeric assays for the screening of chromosomal rearrangements: analysis of 383 XXXX , literature review and further recommendations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Survival benefit of simultaneous liver-kidney transplant (SLKT) over liver transplant alone (LTA) is unclear from the current literature. Additionally, the role of donor kidney quality, measured by kidney donor risk index (KDRI), in survival benefit of SLKT is not studied. We compared survival benefit after SLKT and LTA among recipients with similar pre-transplant @entity1 using novel methodology, specifically with respect to survival probability and area under the survival curve by dialysis status and KDRI. METHODS: Data were obtained from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients. The study cohort included @entity0 with pre-LT @entity1 who were waitlisted and received either a SLKT (n=1,326) or a LTA (n=4,283) between 3/1/02-12/31/09. Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighted (IPTW) - SLKT and LTA survival curves, along with the 5-year area under the survival curve were computed by dialysis status at transplant. The difference in the area under the curve represents the average additional survival time gained via SLKT over LTA. RESULTS: For @entity0 not on dialysis, SLKT resulted in a significant 3.7 month gain in 5-year mean post-transplant survival time. The decrease in mortality rate differs significantly by KDRI, and an estimated 76% of SLKT recipients received a kidney with KDRI sufficiently low for mortality. The mortality decrease for SLKT was concentrated in the first year post-transplant. The difference between @entity2 and LTA 5-year mean post-transplant survival time was 1.4 months and non-significant for @entity0 not on dialysis. CONCLUSION: The propensity score-adjusted survival among SLKT and LTA recipients was similar for those who were dialysis at LT. Although statistically significant, the survival advantage of SLKT over LTA was of marginal clinical significance among @entity0 not on dialysis; and occurred only if the donor kidney was of sufficient quality. These results should be considered in the ongoing debate regarding the allocation of @entity1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Propensity Score-Based Survival Benefit of Simultaneous Liver-Kidney Transplant over Liver Transplant Alone for Recipients with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify prognostic factors in a large group of @entity2 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) or both. Design-Multi-institutional retrospective cohort study. Animals-71 @entity2 with subcutaneous or intramuscular @entity6 . PROCEDURES: Medical records of affected @entity2 were reviewed. The following factors were evaluated for an association with outcome: @entity2 age and sex, clinical signs, @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity1 stage at diagnosis, achievement of complete excision, intramuscular involvement, presence of gross disease, @entity1 recurrence, and treatment. RESULTS: Of the 71 cases identified, 16 (29%) had intramuscular @entity1 involvement. For all @entity2 , median time to @entity1 progression and overall survival time (OST) were 116 and 172 days, respectively; 25% survived to 1 year. Univariate analysis identified presence of clinical signs or @entity0 at diagnosis, @entity2 age, @entity1 size, use of any surgery, and presence of gross disease as predictors of time to @entity1 progression and OST. There was no significant difference in survival time between @entity2 with respect to type of @entity6 . Multivariate analysis confirmed that adequate @entity1 control, @entity1 diameter  <= 4 cm, presence of @entity0 at diagnosis, and presence of gross disease were significantly associated with OST. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Subcutaneous and intramuscular @entity6 remains a heterogeneous group of @entity1 that generally carries a poor prognosis. Adequate local control of @entity1 with no associated clinical signs or @entity0 may provide the best chance of long-term survival.

title: Predictors of outcome in @entity2 with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify prognostic factors in a large group of @entity2 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) or both. Design-Multi-institutional retrospective cohort study. Animals-71 @entity2 with subcutaneous or intramuscular @entity6 . PROCEDURES: Medical records of affected @entity2 were reviewed. The following factors were evaluated for an association with outcome: @entity2 age and sex, clinical signs, @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity1 stage at diagnosis, achievement of complete excision, intramuscular involvement, presence of gross disease, @entity1 recurrence, and treatment. RESULTS: Of the 71 cases identified, 16 (29%) had intramuscular @entity1 involvement. For all @entity2 , median time to @entity1 progression and overall survival time (OST) were 116 and 172 days, respectively; 25% survived to 1 year. Univariate analysis identified presence of clinical signs or @entity0 at diagnosis, @entity2 age, @entity1 size, use of any surgery, and presence of gross disease as predictors of time to @entity1 progression and OST. There was no significant difference in survival time between @entity2 with respect to type of @entity6 . Multivariate analysis confirmed that adequate @entity1 control, @entity1 diameter  <= 4 cm, presence of @entity0 at diagnosis, and presence of gross disease were significantly associated with OST. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Subcutaneous and intramuscular @entity6 remains a heterogeneous group of @entity1 that generally carries a poor prognosis. Adequate local control of @entity1 with no associated clinical signs or @entity0 may provide the best chance of long-term survival.

title: Predictors of outcome in XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that @entity2 is a manifestation of a particularly right hemispheric disturbance, involving @entity3 , and to consider the therapeutic implications of the findings. METHODS: A cohort of 17 medication free borderline @entity0 were compared with 17 age and sex matched controls by means of a study of p3a, which reflects the activity of one of the two main generators of the @entity1 (P3) of the event-related-potential. P3b reflects the output of the other generator. P3a, an aspect of the attentional system, depends upon prefrontally connected neurocircuitry. P3b is underpinned by a particularly parietally connected neural system. Using an oddball paradigm, P3a was extracted from the responses to targets using a novel single trial analysis. RESULTS: In borderline @entity0 , over homologous electrode sites, p3a amplitudes, but not latencies, were significantly larger in the right hemisphere compared with the left. The differences were most marked fronto-centrally. No such difference was shown in the control subjects. P3a at right hemisphere sites was significantly larger in borderline compared with control @entity0 . There was no significant difference between the groups for the left hemisphere sites. CONCLUSIONS: The abnormally large amplitudes of P3a at right hemisphere sites in borderline @entity0 together with the failure of habituation of P3a, are consistent with deficient inhibitory activity. Discussion of the findings suggest that they may reflect impeded maturation of the fronto-medial processing systems which, it is argued, may be a consequence of the typical early environment of those with the borderline condition. This suggestion leads to a consideration of optimal therapeutic behaviour in this condition, in particular for 'matching' or 'analogical' responsiveness.

title: Is XXXX a particularly right hemispheric disorder? A study of P3a using single trial analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare long-term outcome in a population-based group of @entity0 with cryptogenic versus symptomatic @entity3 diagnosed from 1980 to 2004 and to define the course of @entity1 in the cryptogenic group. METHODS: We identified all @entity0 residing in Olmsted County, MN, 1 month through 17 years, with newly diagnosed, @entity3 from 1980 to 2004. @entity0 with idiopathic @entity1 were excluded. Medical records were reviewed to determine etiology, results of imaging and EEG studies, treatments used, and long-term outcome. @entity0 were defined as having symptomatic @entity1 if they had a known genetic or structural/metabolic etiology, and as cryptogenic if they did not. KEY FINDINGS: Of 359 @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity1 , 215 (60%) had @entity3 . Of these, 206 (96%) were followed for > 12 months. Ninety-five @entity0 (46%) were classified as symptomatic. Median follow-up from diagnosis was similar in both groups, being 157 months (25%, 75%: 89, 233) in the cryptogenic group versus 134 months (25%, 75%: 78, 220) in the symptomatic group (p = 0.26). Of 111 cryptogenic cases, 66% had normal cognition. Long-term outcome was significantly better in those with cryptogenic versus symptomatic etiology (intractable @entity1 at last follow-up, 7% vs. 40%, p < 0.001; @entity2 freedom at last follow-up, 81% vs. 55%, p < 0.001). Of those who achieved @entity2 freedom at final follow-up, 68% of the cryptogenic group versus only 46% of the symptomatic group were off antiepileptic medications (p = 0.01). One-third of the cryptogenic group had a remarkably benign disorder, with no @entity2 seen after initiation of medication, or in those who were untreated, after the second @entity2 . A further 5% had @entity2 within the first year but remained @entity2 -free thereafter. With the exception of perinatal complications, which predicted against @entity2 remission, no other factors were found to significantly predict outcome in the cryptogenic group. SIGNIFICANCE: More than half of childhood nonidiopathic localization-related @entity1 is cryptogenic. This group has a significantly better long-term outcome than those with a symptomatic etiology, and should be distinguished from it.

title: A population-based study of long-term outcomes of cryptogenic XXXX in childhood: cryptogenic @entity1 is probably not symptomatic @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare long-term outcome in a population-based group of @entity0 with cryptogenic versus symptomatic @entity3 diagnosed from 1980 to 2004 and to define the course of @entity1 in the cryptogenic group. METHODS: We identified all @entity0 residing in Olmsted County, MN, 1 month through 17 years, with newly diagnosed, @entity3 from 1980 to 2004. @entity0 with idiopathic @entity1 were excluded. Medical records were reviewed to determine etiology, results of imaging and EEG studies, treatments used, and long-term outcome. @entity0 were defined as having symptomatic @entity1 if they had a known genetic or structural/metabolic etiology, and as cryptogenic if they did not. KEY FINDINGS: Of 359 @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity1 , 215 (60%) had @entity3 . Of these, 206 (96%) were followed for > 12 months. Ninety-five @entity0 (46%) were classified as symptomatic. Median follow-up from diagnosis was similar in both groups, being 157 months (25%, 75%: 89, 233) in the cryptogenic group versus 134 months (25%, 75%: 78, 220) in the symptomatic group (p = 0.26). Of 111 cryptogenic cases, 66% had normal cognition. Long-term outcome was significantly better in those with cryptogenic versus symptomatic etiology (intractable @entity1 at last follow-up, 7% vs. 40%, p < 0.001; @entity2 freedom at last follow-up, 81% vs. 55%, p < 0.001). Of those who achieved @entity2 freedom at final follow-up, 68% of the cryptogenic group versus only 46% of the symptomatic group were off antiepileptic medications (p = 0.01). One-third of the cryptogenic group had a remarkably benign disorder, with no @entity2 seen after initiation of medication, or in those who were untreated, after the second @entity2 . A further 5% had @entity2 within the first year but remained @entity2 -free thereafter. With the exception of perinatal complications, which predicted against @entity2 remission, no other factors were found to significantly predict outcome in the cryptogenic group. SIGNIFICANCE: More than half of childhood nonidiopathic localization-related @entity1 is cryptogenic. This group has a significantly better long-term outcome than those with a symptomatic etiology, and should be distinguished from it.

title: A population-based study of long-term outcomes of cryptogenic @entity3 in childhood: cryptogenic XXXX is probably not symptomatic @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare long-term outcome in a population-based group of @entity0 with cryptogenic versus symptomatic @entity3 diagnosed from 1980 to 2004 and to define the course of @entity1 in the cryptogenic group. METHODS: We identified all @entity0 residing in Olmsted County, MN, 1 month through 17 years, with newly diagnosed, @entity3 from 1980 to 2004. @entity0 with idiopathic @entity1 were excluded. Medical records were reviewed to determine etiology, results of imaging and EEG studies, treatments used, and long-term outcome. @entity0 were defined as having symptomatic @entity1 if they had a known genetic or structural/metabolic etiology, and as cryptogenic if they did not. KEY FINDINGS: Of 359 @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity1 , 215 (60%) had @entity3 . Of these, 206 (96%) were followed for > 12 months. Ninety-five @entity0 (46%) were classified as symptomatic. Median follow-up from diagnosis was similar in both groups, being 157 months (25%, 75%: 89, 233) in the cryptogenic group versus 134 months (25%, 75%: 78, 220) in the symptomatic group (p = 0.26). Of 111 cryptogenic cases, 66% had normal cognition. Long-term outcome was significantly better in those with cryptogenic versus symptomatic etiology (intractable @entity1 at last follow-up, 7% vs. 40%, p < 0.001; @entity2 freedom at last follow-up, 81% vs. 55%, p < 0.001). Of those who achieved @entity2 freedom at final follow-up, 68% of the cryptogenic group versus only 46% of the symptomatic group were off antiepileptic medications (p = 0.01). One-third of the cryptogenic group had a remarkably benign disorder, with no @entity2 seen after initiation of medication, or in those who were untreated, after the second @entity2 . A further 5% had @entity2 within the first year but remained @entity2 -free thereafter. With the exception of perinatal complications, which predicted against @entity2 remission, no other factors were found to significantly predict outcome in the cryptogenic group. SIGNIFICANCE: More than half of childhood nonidiopathic localization-related @entity1 is cryptogenic. This group has a significantly better long-term outcome than those with a symptomatic etiology, and should be distinguished from it.

title: A population-based study of long-term outcomes of cryptogenic @entity3 in childhood: cryptogenic @entity1 is probably not symptomatic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Refined analysis of frequency doubling perimetric data was performed to assess binocular @entity4 in @entity0 with comparable degrees of bilateral @entity1 , to determine whether unilateral visual field loss is random, anatomically symmetric, or non-random in relation to the fellow eye. METHODS: Case control study of 41 consecutive @entity0 with bilaterally mild to severe @entity5 ; each @entity7 was paired with randomly-selected co-isopteric left eye loci, performing 690,000 (10,000 complete sets of 69 loci) such iterations per subject. The potential role of anatomic symmetry in bilateral @entity4 was also assessed by pairing mirror-image loci of the right- and @entity7 . The mean values of the random co-isopteric and the symmetric mirror pairings were compared with natural point-for-point pairings of the two eyes by paired t-test. RESULTS: Mean unilateral Matrix threshold across the entire 30-degree visual field were 17.0 dB left and 18.4 dB right (average 17.7). The better of the naturally paired concomitant loci yielded binocular equivalent mean bilateral Matrix threshold of 20.9 dB, 1.6 dB higher than the population mean of the 690,000 @entity8 (t = -10.4; P < 10(-12)). Thus, a remarkable natural tendency for conservation of the binocular Matrix visual field was confirmed, far stronger than explicable by random chance. Symmetric pairings of precise mirror-image loci also produced values higher than random co-isopteric pairings (   1.1 dB; t = -4.0; P = 0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: Refined data analysis of paired Matrix visual fields confirms the existence of a natural optimization of binocular visual function in severe @entity5 via interlocking fields that could only be created by CNS involvement. The disparity of paired Matrix threshold values at mirror-image loci was also highly nonrandom and quantitatively inverse from the expected if anatomic symmetry factors were merely passively contributing systematically to the compensatory binocular Matrix effect. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE: The paired eyes and brain are reaffirmed to function as a unified system in the progressive age-related @entity9 chronic open @entity5 , maximizing the binocular visual field. Given the extensive homology of this disorder with other age-related neurodegenerations, it is reasonable to assume that the brain will similarly resist simultaneous bilateral loss of paired functional zones in both hemispheres in diseases like @entity3 . @entity6 at all stages of the disease appear to provide a highly accessible paired-organ study model for developing therapeutics to optimize conservation of function in @entity2 .

title: Refined Frequency Doubling Perimetry Analysis Reaffirms Central Nervous System Control of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to determine bio-psycho-social risk factors for @entity5 in a sample of Turkish @entity0 without @entity1 and evaluate their @entity2 and @entity4 in early postpartum period. BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is a devastating event with long-term health and social implications. Studies have identified several risk factors; however, the contribution of these causes differs by ethnic groups. DESIGN: This case-control study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Istanbul over one year. In total, 149 preterm mothers were included in the case group and 150 term mothers who delivered in the same day with a case group @entity0 were included in the control group. @entity1 and anomalies were excluded. METHOD: Data were gathered using a form that addressed risk factors for @entity5 . Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Beck @entity4 Inventory and Spielberger's State-Trait @entity2 Inventory were administered within 24-72 hours after birth. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis revealed that partner's lower education ( <= 8 years), history of @entity5 , antenatal hospitalisation, @entity3 and irregular prenatal care were significant risk factors. Perceived social support from family and friends were significantly lower in preterm group. Preterm mothers experienced significantly more @entity2 and @entity4 in early postpartum. CONCLUSION: Many of the socio-economical and obstetric causes of preterm births were similar to other countries with higher @entity5 rates. Preterm births were associated with lower social support along with more @entity2 and @entity4 in early postpartum. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: @entity0 who have established risk factors can be targeted for more intensive antenatal care for the prevention of @entity5 . Increased maternal @entity2 and @entity4 reveal the necessity of emotional support immediately after birth.

title: Biopsychosocial risk factors for @entity5 and postpartum emotional well-being: a case-control study on Turkish @entity0 without XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to determine bio-psycho-social risk factors for @entity5 in a sample of Turkish @entity0 without @entity1 and evaluate their @entity2 and @entity4 in early postpartum period. BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is a devastating event with long-term health and social implications. Studies have identified several risk factors; however, the contribution of these causes differs by ethnic groups. DESIGN: This case-control study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Istanbul over one year. In total, 149 preterm mothers were included in the case group and 150 term mothers who delivered in the same day with a case group @entity0 were included in the control group. @entity1 and anomalies were excluded. METHOD: Data were gathered using a form that addressed risk factors for @entity5 . Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Beck @entity4 Inventory and Spielberger's State-Trait @entity2 Inventory were administered within 24-72 hours after birth. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis revealed that partner's lower education ( <= 8 years), history of @entity5 , antenatal hospitalisation, @entity3 and irregular prenatal care were significant risk factors. Perceived social support from family and friends were significantly lower in preterm group. Preterm mothers experienced significantly more @entity2 and @entity4 in early postpartum. CONCLUSION: Many of the socio-economical and obstetric causes of preterm births were similar to other countries with higher @entity5 rates. Preterm births were associated with lower social support along with more @entity2 and @entity4 in early postpartum. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: @entity0 who have established risk factors can be targeted for more intensive antenatal care for the prevention of @entity5 . Increased maternal @entity2 and @entity4 reveal the necessity of emotional support immediately after birth.

title: Biopsychosocial risk factors for XXXX and postpartum emotional well-being: a case-control study on Turkish @entity0 without @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to determine bio-psycho-social risk factors for @entity5 in a sample of Turkish @entity0 without @entity1 and evaluate their @entity2 and @entity4 in early postpartum period. BACKGROUND: Preterm birth is a devastating event with long-term health and social implications. Studies have identified several risk factors; however, the contribution of these causes differs by ethnic groups. DESIGN: This case-control study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Istanbul over one year. In total, 149 preterm mothers were included in the case group and 150 term mothers who delivered in the same day with a case group @entity0 were included in the control group. @entity1 and anomalies were excluded. METHOD: Data were gathered using a form that addressed risk factors for @entity5 . Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Beck @entity4 Inventory and Spielberger's State-Trait @entity2 Inventory were administered within 24-72 hours after birth. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis revealed that partner's lower education ( <= 8 years), history of @entity5 , antenatal hospitalisation, @entity3 and irregular prenatal care were significant risk factors. Perceived social support from family and friends were significantly lower in preterm group. Preterm mothers experienced significantly more @entity2 and @entity4 in early postpartum. CONCLUSION: Many of the socio-economical and obstetric causes of preterm births were similar to other countries with higher @entity5 rates. Preterm births were associated with lower social support along with more @entity2 and @entity4 in early postpartum. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: @entity0 who have established risk factors can be targeted for more intensive antenatal care for the prevention of @entity5 . Increased maternal @entity2 and @entity4 reveal the necessity of emotional support immediately after birth.

title: Biopsychosocial risk factors for @entity5 and postpartum emotional well-being: a case-control study on Turkish XXXX without @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. @entity7 radicals (. @entity4 ) are thought to be generated at sites of @entity0 and to contribute to tissue damage. All anti-inflammatory drugs tested were able to scavenge . @entity4 generated in free solution at almost diffusion-controlled rates (rate constants about 10(10)M-1s-1). 2. Much . @entity4 generation in vivo occurs at specific sites, where bound metal ions (such as @entity10 ) react with @entity1 to produce . @entity4 that immediately attacks the site. Only . @entity4 scavengers that have sufficient metal-binding ability to withdraw metal ions from this site can protect against site-specific damage. 3. All anti-inflammatory drugs tested were able to protect against site-specific damage by . @entity4 in a simple model system in vitro. @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity2 , @entity11 , @entity3 and @entity9 were especially effective. 4. The ability of an anti-inflammatory drug to protect against . @entity4 formation in vivo depends not only on its rate constant for reaction with @entity4 , but also on its metal-binding ability and on the geometry and redox potential of any metal complex formed.

title: The iron-binding and XXXX radical scavenging action of anti-inflammatory drugs.

answer: @entity7


abstract: A novel microextraction technique based on membrane-protected multiwalled @entity0 nanotubes coated with molecularly imprinted polymer (MWCNTs-MIP) was developed. In this technique, MWCNTs-MIP were packed inside a @entity2 membrane envelope, which was then clamped onto a paper clip. For extraction, the packed membrane envelope was first impregnated with @entity3 and then placed in sample solutions. Target analytes in the solutions were first extracted into @entity3 in the membrane envelope, and were then extracted specifically onto the MWCNTs-MIP. After the extraction, target analytes were desorbed in @entity1 for liquid chromatography analysis. MWCNTs-MIP of prometryn were used as a model to demonstrate the feasibility of this novel microextraction technique. Factors affecting the extraction including organic solvent, stirring rate, extraction time, salt concentration, and pH were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the limits of detection (a signal-to-noise ratio of 3) for the selected @entity4 herbicides were 0.08-0.38  g/L. The prepared membrane envelope could be used at least 50 times. The developed method was used for the analysis of the @entity5 spiked in river water, wastewater, and liquid milk, with recoveries ranging from 79.3-97.4, 58.9-110.3 and 76.2-104.9%, respectively.

title: Evaluation of a novel microextraction technique for aqueous samples: porous membrane envelope filled with multiwalled XXXX nanotubes coated with molecularly imprinted polymer.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Interrelationships between pregnancy, @entity7 , and @entity6 were assessed in three @entity0 with @entity8 . One subject had known @entity8 , @entity12 , prior to conception. In this @entity0 a progressive increase in @entity4 levels to more than 3,000 mg/dl during the first two trimesters required dietary intervention and hospitalization at 28 weeks' gestation. Use of an isocaloric National Institutes of Health type V diet reduced @entity4 levels to less than 900 mg/dl; the pregnancy was uneventful with term delivery of a healthy neonate. The @entity8 was covert in the other two @entity0 until term. In one subject, subsequently shown to have @entity11 , @entity5 with a @entity10 , and @entity9 developed at 39 weeks' gestation; the neonate was safely delivered, and the mother survived. In the second, entirely asymptomatic subject, @entity4 levels greater than 5,000 mg/dl were discovered incidentally at term cesarean section during delivery of a healthy neonate. With a fat restricted diet, plasma @entity4 levels abruptly fell post partum to less than 500 mg/dl, and subsequent studies revealed @entity13 . Routine quantitation of plasma @entity1 and @entity4 levels or simple visual examination of fasting plasma for @entity4 -induced @entity2 or "milky" appearance should be done during early pregnancy. This would allow the obstetrician to identify @entity0 with severe @entity8 prior to the superimposition of the physiologic @entity3 of pregnancy upon @entity8 with resultant, and often catastrophic, acute @entity6 .

title: XXXX , @entity8 , and pregnancy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Interrelationships between pregnancy, @entity7 , and @entity6 were assessed in three @entity0 with @entity8 . One subject had known @entity8 , @entity12 , prior to conception. In this @entity0 a progressive increase in @entity4 levels to more than 3,000 mg/dl during the first two trimesters required dietary intervention and hospitalization at 28 weeks' gestation. Use of an isocaloric National Institutes of Health type V diet reduced @entity4 levels to less than 900 mg/dl; the pregnancy was uneventful with term delivery of a healthy neonate. The @entity8 was covert in the other two @entity0 until term. In one subject, subsequently shown to have @entity11 , @entity5 with a @entity10 , and @entity9 developed at 39 weeks' gestation; the neonate was safely delivered, and the mother survived. In the second, entirely asymptomatic subject, @entity4 levels greater than 5,000 mg/dl were discovered incidentally at term cesarean section during delivery of a healthy neonate. With a fat restricted diet, plasma @entity4 levels abruptly fell post partum to less than 500 mg/dl, and subsequent studies revealed @entity13 . Routine quantitation of plasma @entity1 and @entity4 levels or simple visual examination of fasting plasma for @entity4 -induced @entity2 or "milky" appearance should be done during early pregnancy. This would allow the obstetrician to identify @entity0 with severe @entity8 prior to the superimposition of the physiologic @entity3 of pregnancy upon @entity8 with resultant, and often catastrophic, acute @entity6 .

title: @entity6 , XXXX , and pregnancy.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Perfusion technology is a mechanical and @entity1 taught with didactic instruction combined with clinical experience. It is difficult to provide perfusion students the opportunity to experience difficult clinical situations, set up complex perfusion equipment, or observe corrective measures taken during catastrophic events because of @entity0 safety concerns. Although high fidelity simulators offer exciting opportunities for future perfusion training, we explore the use of a less costly low fidelity form of simulation instruction, vicarious @entity2 . Two low fidelity modes of instruction; description with text and a vicarious, first @entity0 audiovisual production depicting the same content were compared. Students (n = 37) sampled from five North American perfusion schools were prospectively randomized to one of two online learning modules, text or video.These modules described the setup and operation of the MAQUET ROTAFLOW stand-alone centrifugal console and pump. Using a 10 question multiple-choice test, students were assessed immediately after viewing the module ( @entity3 ) and then again 2 weeks later (test #2) to determine cognition and recall of the module content. In addition, students completed a questionnaire assessing the learning preferences of today's perfusion student. Mean test scores from @entity3 for video learners (n = 18) were significantly higher (88.89%) than for text learners (n = 19) (74.74%), (p < .05). The same was true for test #2 where video learners (n = 10) had an average score of 77% while text learners (n = 9) scored 60% (p < .05). Survey results indicated video learners were more satisfied with their learning module than text learners. Vicarious @entity2 modules may be an efficacious, low cost means of delivering perfusion training on subjects such as equipment setup and operation. Video learning appears to improve cognition and retention of learned content and may play an important role in how we teach perfusion in the future, as simulation technology becomes more prevalent.

title: Vicarious XXXX in perfusion education.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Platelets play a crucial role in @entity4 , @entity1 , immunity and @entity5 . Antiplatelet agents are widely used in @entity0 with @entity6 and other @entity2 . @entity3 and @entity7 are the most commonly prescribed antiplatelet agents, with a relatively safe profile and efficiency in a variety of clinical conditions. Numerous prospective studies have revealed variability of antiplatelet efficacy. The so called "antiplatelet resistance" prompted a search for mechanisms implicated in poor responsiveness to @entity3 and @entity7 therapy. In this regard, genetic polymorphisms in the platelet receptor genes attracted considerable interest. Specific genetic variants in platelet receptors such as the @entity8 , glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa, @entity9 /IIa, GPIb/IX/V and the cytochrome P450 (CYP) family of genes are associated with variable response to antiplatelet therapy and cardiovascular events. Genetic polymorphisms and haplotypes that comprehensively capture the genetic information encoded within the platelet receptor genes can, to some extent, predict response to the antiplatelet drug better than any single genotype. Genotyping for multiple receptor variants in patients on antiplatelet therapy, complemented by standardized quantification of platelet function, can provide useful information for future drug design studies and possibly for personalized antiplatelet therapy and prevention of @entity4 events. Additional information is, however, needed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of complex genetic and platelet function testing.

title: Platelet function and antiplatelet therapy in XXXX : implications of genetic polymorphisms.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity5 ) is a direct-acting mutagen in bacteria, induces @entity3 in male @entity0 , and is a potent reproductive toxicant in the male Fischer 344 (F-344) @entity1 . A dominant lethal assay was performed to examine the possibility that @entity5 may be a germ cell mutagen in the F-344 male @entity1 . Groups of 40 @entity1 each were exposed to 0, 1000, or 3000 ppm @entity5 6 hr/day for 5 consecutive days, or received a single ip injection of 0.2 mg @entity6 ( @entity7 )/kg as a positive control. Each male was bred to a single female weekly for 8 weeks, and the standard criteria of dominant lethal tests were recorded. Exposure to 1000 ppm @entity5 caused no consistent change in any parameter relative to control values. TEM caused increases in pre- and postimplantation loss indices in Weeks 1 to 5 postexposure, corresponding to sperm exposed in the epididymis and as early to late stage spermatids in the testis. Exposure to 3000 ppm @entity5 caused a slight increase in postimplantation loss at Week 1 postexposure only, i.e., in sperm exposed in the epididymis or vas deferens, and increases in preimplantation loss throughout the 8 weeks postexposure. Fertility of the 3000 ppm @entity5 -exposed males was significantly decreased by Week 2 after exposure, and never recovered to control values during the period of observation. It is suggested that the increased preimplantation losses are due, at least in part, to cytotoxic rather than genotoxic effects. High concentrations of inhaled @entity5 , however, do induce dominant lethal mutations (reflected as an increased level of postimplantation fetal @entity2 ) in sperm located within the vas deferens and epididymis at the time of exposure.

title: Reproductive effects of inhaled XXXX in the male Fischer 344 @entity1 . I. Mating performance and dominant lethal assay.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity5 ) is a direct-acting mutagen in bacteria, induces @entity3 in male @entity0 , and is a potent reproductive toxicant in the male Fischer 344 (F-344) @entity1 . A dominant lethal assay was performed to examine the possibility that @entity5 may be a germ cell mutagen in the F-344 male @entity1 . Groups of 40 @entity1 each were exposed to 0, 1000, or 3000 ppm @entity5 6 hr/day for 5 consecutive days, or received a single ip injection of 0.2 mg @entity6 ( @entity7 )/kg as a positive control. Each male was bred to a single female weekly for 8 weeks, and the standard criteria of dominant lethal tests were recorded. Exposure to 1000 ppm @entity5 caused no consistent change in any parameter relative to control values. TEM caused increases in pre- and postimplantation loss indices in Weeks 1 to 5 postexposure, corresponding to sperm exposed in the epididymis and as early to late stage spermatids in the testis. Exposure to 3000 ppm @entity5 caused a slight increase in postimplantation loss at Week 1 postexposure only, i.e., in sperm exposed in the epididymis or vas deferens, and increases in preimplantation loss throughout the 8 weeks postexposure. Fertility of the 3000 ppm @entity5 -exposed males was significantly decreased by Week 2 after exposure, and never recovered to control values during the period of observation. It is suggested that the increased preimplantation losses are due, at least in part, to cytotoxic rather than genotoxic effects. High concentrations of inhaled @entity5 , however, do induce dominant lethal mutations (reflected as an increased level of postimplantation fetal @entity2 ) in sperm located within the vas deferens and epididymis at the time of exposure.

title: Reproductive effects of inhaled @entity4 in the male Fischer 344 XXXX . I. Mating performance and dominant lethal assay.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The role of @entity3 in the regulation of colonic @entity8 transport was examined by infusing @entity3 into adrenalectomized (ADX) @entity0 and evaluating the short-circuit current (ISC) in vitro. @entity12 -sensitive ISC was induced by @entity7 and @entity11 with half-maximal doses (ED50) of 2 and 260 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1), respectively. Synthetic glucocorticoids such as @entity10 (33 mg/kg) and @entity5 (ED50 = 30 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1) were also effective. Supramaximal doses of @entity7 (7.5 times ED50) for 24 h increased the total ISC (7-fold), the @entity12 -sensitive ISC (366-fold), and the conductance (2-fold), as well as the @entity6 -stimulated phosphatase activity (2-fold) (reported previously). Compared with @entity7 , supramaximal doses of @entity5 (4 times ED50) produced greater increases in the total ISC (15-fold) and the @entity12 -sensitive ISC (674-fold). In contrast to @entity7 , @entity5 also increased the @entity12 -insensitive ISC (3-fold). Glucocorticoid action was not mediated by insulin since the ISC from diabetic ADX @entity0 was increased by @entity5 to a similar extent (11-fold) as in nondiabetic @entity0 . @entity1 , @entity9 , and @entity4 did not stimulate the colonic ISC of ADX @entity0 . The ED50 values of @entity11 and @entity7 , measured in terms of @entity12 -sensitive @entity8 transport, produced serum levels that were slightly above those of unstressed, adrenal-intact animals and thus must be considered physiological. It is concluded that at physiological levels both @entity3 may mediate @entity12 -sensitive @entity8 transport in the @entity0 colon. However, as judged from changes in serum @entity2 levels, @entity7 is the physiological regulator of elevated @entity8 absorption in @entity8 deficiency.

title: Regulation of @entity12 -sensitive electrogenic @entity8 transport in the @entity0 colon by XXXX hormones.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The role of @entity3 in the regulation of colonic @entity8 transport was examined by infusing @entity3 into adrenalectomized (ADX) @entity0 and evaluating the short-circuit current (ISC) in vitro. @entity12 -sensitive ISC was induced by @entity7 and @entity11 with half-maximal doses (ED50) of 2 and 260 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1), respectively. Synthetic glucocorticoids such as @entity10 (33 mg/kg) and @entity5 (ED50 = 30 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1) were also effective. Supramaximal doses of @entity7 (7.5 times ED50) for 24 h increased the total ISC (7-fold), the @entity12 -sensitive ISC (366-fold), and the conductance (2-fold), as well as the @entity6 -stimulated phosphatase activity (2-fold) (reported previously). Compared with @entity7 , supramaximal doses of @entity5 (4 times ED50) produced greater increases in the total ISC (15-fold) and the @entity12 -sensitive ISC (674-fold). In contrast to @entity7 , @entity5 also increased the @entity12 -insensitive ISC (3-fold). Glucocorticoid action was not mediated by insulin since the ISC from diabetic ADX @entity0 was increased by @entity5 to a similar extent (11-fold) as in nondiabetic @entity0 . @entity1 , @entity9 , and @entity4 did not stimulate the colonic ISC of ADX @entity0 . The ED50 values of @entity11 and @entity7 , measured in terms of @entity12 -sensitive @entity8 transport, produced serum levels that were slightly above those of unstressed, adrenal-intact animals and thus must be considered physiological. It is concluded that at physiological levels both @entity3 may mediate @entity12 -sensitive @entity8 transport in the @entity0 colon. However, as judged from changes in serum @entity2 levels, @entity7 is the physiological regulator of elevated @entity8 absorption in @entity8 deficiency.

title: Regulation of @entity12 -sensitive electrogenic XXXX transport in the @entity0 colon by @entity2 hormones.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The role of @entity3 in the regulation of colonic @entity8 transport was examined by infusing @entity3 into adrenalectomized (ADX) @entity0 and evaluating the short-circuit current (ISC) in vitro. @entity12 -sensitive ISC was induced by @entity7 and @entity11 with half-maximal doses (ED50) of 2 and 260 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1), respectively. Synthetic glucocorticoids such as @entity10 (33 mg/kg) and @entity5 (ED50 = 30 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1) were also effective. Supramaximal doses of @entity7 (7.5 times ED50) for 24 h increased the total ISC (7-fold), the @entity12 -sensitive ISC (366-fold), and the conductance (2-fold), as well as the @entity6 -stimulated phosphatase activity (2-fold) (reported previously). Compared with @entity7 , supramaximal doses of @entity5 (4 times ED50) produced greater increases in the total ISC (15-fold) and the @entity12 -sensitive ISC (674-fold). In contrast to @entity7 , @entity5 also increased the @entity12 -insensitive ISC (3-fold). Glucocorticoid action was not mediated by insulin since the ISC from diabetic ADX @entity0 was increased by @entity5 to a similar extent (11-fold) as in nondiabetic @entity0 . @entity1 , @entity9 , and @entity4 did not stimulate the colonic ISC of ADX @entity0 . The ED50 values of @entity11 and @entity7 , measured in terms of @entity12 -sensitive @entity8 transport, produced serum levels that were slightly above those of unstressed, adrenal-intact animals and thus must be considered physiological. It is concluded that at physiological levels both @entity3 may mediate @entity12 -sensitive @entity8 transport in the @entity0 colon. However, as judged from changes in serum @entity2 levels, @entity7 is the physiological regulator of elevated @entity8 absorption in @entity8 deficiency.

title: Regulation of XXXX -sensitive electrogenic @entity8 transport in the @entity0 colon by @entity2 hormones.

answer: @entity12


abstract: The role of @entity3 in the regulation of colonic @entity8 transport was examined by infusing @entity3 into adrenalectomized (ADX) @entity0 and evaluating the short-circuit current (ISC) in vitro. @entity12 -sensitive ISC was induced by @entity7 and @entity11 with half-maximal doses (ED50) of 2 and 260 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1), respectively. Synthetic glucocorticoids such as @entity10 (33 mg/kg) and @entity5 (ED50 = 30 micrograms X kg-1 X h-1) were also effective. Supramaximal doses of @entity7 (7.5 times ED50) for 24 h increased the total ISC (7-fold), the @entity12 -sensitive ISC (366-fold), and the conductance (2-fold), as well as the @entity6 -stimulated phosphatase activity (2-fold) (reported previously). Compared with @entity7 , supramaximal doses of @entity5 (4 times ED50) produced greater increases in the total ISC (15-fold) and the @entity12 -sensitive ISC (674-fold). In contrast to @entity7 , @entity5 also increased the @entity12 -insensitive ISC (3-fold). Glucocorticoid action was not mediated by insulin since the ISC from diabetic ADX @entity0 was increased by @entity5 to a similar extent (11-fold) as in nondiabetic @entity0 . @entity1 , @entity9 , and @entity4 did not stimulate the colonic ISC of ADX @entity0 . The ED50 values of @entity11 and @entity7 , measured in terms of @entity12 -sensitive @entity8 transport, produced serum levels that were slightly above those of unstressed, adrenal-intact animals and thus must be considered physiological. It is concluded that at physiological levels both @entity3 may mediate @entity12 -sensitive @entity8 transport in the @entity0 colon. However, as judged from changes in serum @entity2 levels, @entity7 is the physiological regulator of elevated @entity8 absorption in @entity8 deficiency.

title: Regulation of @entity12 -sensitive electrogenic @entity8 transport in the XXXX colon by @entity2 hormones.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Recurrent @entity11 ultimately may produce @entity12 , severe @entity8 , and @entity3 . In many @entity0 this syndrome is silent in its initial phases, and when @entity13 is present it is often unresponsive to anticoagulant therapy. Unless @entity6 is undertaken, most of these @entity0 characteristically succumb with severe @entity12 . Twenty-five @entity0 with this syndrome have been evaluated at the Duke University Medical Center, and 14 were selected for elective @entity6 for relief of severe and incapacitating @entity5 . In each @entity0 preoperative pulmonary scans and arteriography demonstrated a high degree of @entity7 . The obstructing lesions affected both lungs in the majority of @entity0 . Bronchial arteriography was found to be a very valuable method for demonstrating patency of the pulmonary arteries distal to occluding lesions by retrograde filling through collateral vessels joining the bronchial and pulmonary circulations. Preoperatively radionuclide angiocardiography revealed severe right @entity2 with significantly depressed ejection fractions at rest and during exercise. Retrograde pulmonary arterial flow as shown by selective bronchial arteriography was excellent in ten @entity0 , fair in three, and absent in one. Long term follow-up indicated a clear relationship between the magnitude of arterial backflow at the time of embolectomy and the degree of clinical improvement. There were two perioperative @entity4 , one from massive reperfusion @entity9 and another from intractable @entity2 . Eleven @entity0 with this syndrome were unsuitable candidates for embolectomy and of these, nine had severe distal emboli diffusely spread in the small pulmonary arteries and not amenable to direct removal. One @entity0 had severe @entity2 with @entity3 (145/45 mmHg) and another was @entity1 with severe @entity10 and expired in the hospital a week later. In this group of 11 @entity0 , three succumbed and most of the others are currently totally debilitated at rest (NYHA Class IV). Long-term follow-up of the surgically managed @entity0 (1 to 15 years) shows that ten @entity0 improved from NYHA functional Class IV to either I or II, another @entity0 from Class III to Class I, and a final @entity0 was only minimally improved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Surgical management of XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: The microbiology and treatment of @entity3 was studied in 62 @entity0 , followed-up for 1 year. The clinical treatment and the radiological technique were standardized. One third of the @entity0 received no systemic antibiotics, one third received @entity5 for 1 week, and one third for 3 months. On the average, 0-2 facultatively anaerobic and 4-6 anaerobic bacteria were isolated from periapical @entity2 . The genera Bacteroides and Fusobacterium in addition to anaerobic gram-positive cocci were found most frequently. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of @entity4 against 269 strains were tested. 12 strains were resistant at the concentration 2.4 micrograms/ml, including 4 strains of Fusobacterium sp. All @entity0 were free of symptoms 1 month after the admission. Only 1 @entity0 failed to show any progress in radiological healing. No differences between the groups in relation to @entity1 therapy were found.

title: Bacteriology of odontogenic XXXX and effect of @entity1 treatment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The microbiology and treatment of @entity3 was studied in 62 @entity0 , followed-up for 1 year. The clinical treatment and the radiological technique were standardized. One third of the @entity0 received no systemic antibiotics, one third received @entity5 for 1 week, and one third for 3 months. On the average, 0-2 facultatively anaerobic and 4-6 anaerobic bacteria were isolated from periapical @entity2 . The genera Bacteroides and Fusobacterium in addition to anaerobic gram-positive cocci were found most frequently. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of @entity4 against 269 strains were tested. 12 strains were resistant at the concentration 2.4 micrograms/ml, including 4 strains of Fusobacterium sp. All @entity0 were free of symptoms 1 month after the admission. Only 1 @entity0 failed to show any progress in radiological healing. No differences between the groups in relation to @entity1 therapy were found.

title: Bacteriology of odontogenic @entity3 and effect of XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: During the 2-year period 1977 through 1979, 26 @entity0 with @entity9 were seen at the Mayo Clinic and affiliated hospitals. The @entity0 ranged in age from 17 to 81 years with a median of 51 years. Twelve (46%) were immunologically compromised. Most of the other @entity0 had underlying chronic @entity1 @entity7 . Hectic fever, cough, and @entity2 were common symptoms. Chest radiographs showed patchy perihilar infiltrates that often progressed to consolidation. Diagnosis was made by indirect fluorescent antibody testing in 15 @entity0 (58%), but in no case was the test diagnostic during the first week of illness. In seven @entity0 the diagnosis was established by positive direct flourescent antibody testing of lung tissue, in two cases by culture of lung tissue, and in one case each by direct fluorescent antibody positivity of sputum or bronchial washing. Of the 26 @entity0 , 3 (12%) required hemodialysis for @entity3 and 5 (19%) died. A favorable clinical response to therapy with @entity6 was noted. The differential diagnosis of @entity9 must include other @entity5 , as well as @entity11 , @entity8 , @entity10 . For critically ill @entity0 , open-lung biopsy may be necessary to provide a rapid diagnosis. Current evidence suggests that @entity6 alone or in combination with @entity4 is the treatment of choice. A 3-week course of therapy is recommended in order to prevent relapse.

title: XXXX : a review of the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of a newly recognized infection.

answer: @entity9


abstract: From 1983 to 1986 more than 2000 non-penicillinase producing @entity7 from Amsterdam, The Hague and Rotterdam were auxotyped and screened for susceptibility to 10 antibiotics by MIC determination. By far the commonest auxotypes were N.R. (non-requiring; 40%) and Pro- ( @entity2 requiring; 30%). During that period there was a substantial shift in the ratio of both auxotypes-roughly from 1:2 to 2:1-in The Hague. Pro- isolates were generally less susceptible than N.R. isolates, and there was a strong positive correlation between the MICs of the different drugs. The prevalence of isolates with a @entity0 MIC equal to or above 0.5 IU/ml amounted to 14%, while in only 1% was the MIC above 1 IU/ml. Comparing our results with an earlier study by Stolz, Zwarte _ Michel (1975, British Journal of @entity5 51, 257-64), the level of resistance to @entity0 among non-PPNG has not significantly increased in The Netherlands since 1972. The prevalence of isolates showing relative resistance towards @entity1 and @entity9 (MIC 2-4 mg/l) decreased from approximately 20% in 1983/84 to approximately 10% in 1985/86, coinciding with a drop in the prevalence of Pro- isolates. All strains were susceptible to @entity4 and @entity8 and highly susceptible to @entity6 and @entity3 .

title: Surveillance of the antibiotic susceptibility of non-penicillinase producing XXXX in The Netherlands from 1983 to 1986.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Paroxysmal @entity10 is a rare, @entity5 . Attacks occur spontaneously or may be induced by movement, @entity2 , or @entity1 . The movements are tonic, @entity8 , or choreoathetotic. Sporadic and, more commonly, familial cases have been reported. Onset occurs most often during childhood, and the course is nonprogressive. Response to anticonvulsant therapy is usually excellent. Five cases of the sporadic form of paroxysmal @entity10 are reported. Three of the five @entity0 had attacks after initiation of movements such as rising from a chair. Results of physical examination were normal in four @entity0 . One @entity0 had mild @entity9 and @entity6 . Results of laboratory studies, including determinations of serum @entity3 and ceruloplasmin levels, EEGs and CAT scans of the head, were normal. The attacks ceased in all @entity0 after treatment with either @entity7 or @entity4 .

title: Paroxysmal XXXX : report of five cases and review of the literature.

answer: @entity10


abstract: Enterococci isolated from different body sites were tested for high-level @entity3 resistance. A total of 259 enterococcal isolates were screened for resistance (MIC, greater than 2,000 micrograms/ml) by a broth-tube method. Thirty-nine (15.1%) were found to exhibit resistance and were confirmed by agar screening (1,000 micrograms/ml) and agar dilution MIC determinations. The majority of isolates also showed high-level resistance to @entity6 and @entity5 . The remaining isolates showed high-level resistance to @entity3 and @entity6 but not @entity5 . Synergy testing of several isolates confirmed the correlation between lack of synergy and high-level resistance. A retrospective clinical review was performed. Most @entity0 had a source of @entity1 (79%). Serious infections such as @entity4 or @entity2 were not observed during the course of this study. Retrospective clinical data suggest that in cases not involving @entity4 or @entity2 , neither @entity1 refractory to therapy nor relapse of @entity1 is a common sequela of @entity1 with @entity3 -resistant enterococci in hospitalized @entity0 .

title: Multiply high-level-aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci isolated from XXXX in a university hospital.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Cervical spine @entity7 continue to be a major cause of @entity6 and disability for @entity3 victims. Motor vehicle @entity3 results in 500 to 650 @entity9 @entity0 per year. Most of the @entity0 are cared for at Level I @entity3 centers which may not have a dedicated rehabilitation facility. Long-term rehabilitation, nursing care, and financial support remain difficult areas in the overall management of these @entity3 . Seventy-one cervical spine @entity5 @entity0 were admitted to this medical center over a 2-year period. Twenty-two @entity0 had a @entity1 , 15 @entity9 @entity0 , and seven with @entity2 . @entity3 was the etiology in 14 @entity3 ; gunshot wounds in five; falls in three. Twelve of these 22 @entity0 had associated @entity3 , including chest and @entity8 . Prolonged stays in the intensive care unit were common (avg. = 13.5 days). Bronchoscopy (8/22 @entity0 ) and @entity4 pulmonary care were constantly needed. Six @entity0 died in the intensive care unit. The average hospital stay of the survivors was 45 days. Three of the 16 surviving @entity0 were ventilator dependent at the time of discharge. Ten @entity0 were discharged to a rehabilitation center, one to a nursing home, and five went home (one on a ventilator). The total hospital charges were  1,250,000. No financial resources were available for five of the 16 surviving @entity0 . Four @entity0 had resources which covered less than 50% of the total charges. Average hospital charges for survivors were  50,370. Maximum reimbursement using all outlier days under DRG 5 would be  12,385. The financial support of initial hospitalization, rehabilitation, and nursing care for these @entity9 @entity0 is a serious national health care issue.

title: Cervical XXXX --a public catastrophe.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The adoptive transfer of specifically sensitized T lymphocytes can effectively mediate the regression of established local and @entity0 . Previous experiments using the weakly immunogenic MCA 105 @entity2 indicated that cellular interactions between transferred @entity4 + helper and @entity6 + cytotoxic immune T cells were necessary for mediating @entity1 regression. In this study, the kinetics of @entity3 cell interactions were analyzed by in vivo depletion of T cell subsets with mAb. The anti- @entity1 efficacy of transferred immune cells was abrogated by in vivo administration of either @entity4 or @entity6 mAb on the day of cellular therapy. However, if mAb were given 3 days after the transfer of immune cells, depletion of @entity6 + but not @entity4 + cells abrogated anti- @entity1 efficacy. T cell depletion on day 6 after transfer of immune cells had no adverse effect on @entity1 regression, indicating the period required for T cell reactivity in vivo. Furthermore, depletion of Ia+ cells by in vivo mAb treatment abrogated the anti- @entity1 efficacy of immune cells. It is thus hypothesized that there are two distinct but sequential phases of in vivo T cell interactions leading to the regression of established @entity1 after adoptive immunotherapy. An initial "helper/inducer" phase apparently requires the interaction of @entity4 + immune cells and the @entity1 Ag involving Ia+ cells. The inducement of @entity4 + cell activation is to provide helper function via the secretion of @entity5 . The second phase designated as an "effector phase" involves differentiation of immune @entity6 + cells under the influence of @entity5 secreted during the helper/inducer phase for generation of mature @entity6 + effector cells. To further support the hypothesis of a two-phase process we have examined the phenotype and kinetics of @entity1 regression mediated by effector cells generated by secondary in vitro sensitization (IVS). Although the IVS cells were generated from fresh MCA 105 immune spleen cells, their anti- @entity1 efficacy was mediated solely by @entity6 + lymphocytes. Kinetic studies revealed that the in vivo requirement of IVS @entity6 + effector cells to mediate @entity1 regression was less than 3 days, and the anti- @entity1 reactivity of these cells was not affected by in vivo depletion of Ia+ cells. Thus, the IVS reaction is likely representative of the in vivo counterpart of the helper/inducer phase leading to the generation of mature @entity6 + immune effector cells. Tumor regression after transfer of @entity6 + cells generated in IVS therefore required a relatively shorter period of time than that required after the transfer of fresh noncultured MCA 105 immune spleen cells.

title: Cellular basis of immunologic interactions in adoptive T cell therapy of established metastases from a syngeneic murine XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The presence of islet cell antibodies (ICA), @entity4 ( @entity3 ), other organ-specific autoantibodies, insulin antibodies and two different types of immune complexes (AgAb) in @entity1 pregnant @entity0 treated with insulin during pregnancy was investigated and compared with maternal metabolic control and with the course and outcome of pregnancy. One hundred and eighteen pregnant @entity1 @entity0 were grouped according to type of @entity1 : 56 were insulin-dependent @entity1 @entity0 who had been previously treated with insulin (Group 1); 23 were non-insulin-dependent @entity1 @entity0 who had previously received diet or oral treatment (Group 2); 39 had gestational @entity1 (Group 3). 94 @entity0 were subjected to regular check-ups during pregnancy and blood samples were taken during the last month of pregnancy (phase A); some were treated with standard preparations of insulin, the remainder with purified insulins. 24 @entity0 were treated with purified insulins (a @entity2 and porcine mixture) on entering the study and blood samples were taken at regular intervals during pregnancy (phase B). ICA were detected in 12% of the @entity0 in Group 1 and in 5% of those in Group 3. There was no significant variation in the titre during the gestational period. ICA were not detected in the @entity0 in Group 2. No @entity3 were found in any of the @entity0 . The positivity of the other organ-specific autoantibodies was similar to that the normal control group. Insulin antibodies were found in concentrations of 67%, 73% and 25% in Groups 1,2 and 3 respectively during the last month of pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Humoral immunity in XXXX pregnancy: interrelationships with maternal/neonatal complications and maternal metabolic control.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Twenty-two @entity0 with @entity2 were treated with antilymphocyte serum or antithymocyte globulin at Vanderbilt University and affiliated hospitals from 1980 to 1986. The median age was 42 (eight to 73 years); the male:female ratio was 8:14. Nineteen @entity0 had severe @entity2 , and three had moderate disease. Twenty patients received antilymphocyte serum initially while two patients received antithymocyte globulin. Fifteen @entity0 received @entity4 10 mg by mouth three times a day with antilymphocyte serum, and all received @entity1 during the course of antilymphocyte serum or antithymocyte globulin. There were seven responses (31.8 percent) to the first course with four complete responses and three partial responses. Six of 15 @entity0 who received @entity4 showed a response, compared with zero of five treated without @entity3 (p less than 0.05). Eight @entity0 with no initial response and a @entity0 who experienced a relapse after a complete response were re-treated with either antithymocyte globulin (six) or antilymphocyte serum (three), with four of nine @entity0 (44 percent) having a response (three complete responses, one partial response). Overall, 10 of 22 @entity0 (45 percent) had a response (six complete responses, four partial responses). Median survival for those without a response is six months. Median survival for those with a response has not been reached, with follow-up ranging from 18 to 70 months. This study shows the benefit of a second cycle of antilymphocyte serum or antithymocyte globulin and a possible role for concomitant @entity3 in this treatment of @entity2 .

title: Re-treatment of XXXX with antithymocyte globulin or antilymphocyte serum.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The major limitation of mismatched bone marrow transplantation is fatal @entity5 ( @entity5 ). We processed haplotype-identical parental marrow with @entity3 agglutinin (SBA), @entity2 erythrocytes (SRBC), and neuraminidase-treated SRBC (N-SRBC) to enrich for marrow stem cells and remove mature T cells. Nine @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) who lacked histocompatible donors received these SBA-negative, SRBC-negative, N-SRBC-negative marrow transplants (0.5-5.0 X 10(8) cells/kg). Seven of the nine @entity0 (78%) had documented T-lymphocyte engraftment based on HLA typing and/or chromosomal analysis. Six @entity0 showed evidence of B-cell immunity on the basis of increased immunoglobulin levels, @entity6 , and/or HLA-DR typing of non-T cells. Three @entity0 received marrow ablative chemotherapy pretransplant for maternal-fetal @entity5 ; neutrophil engraftment occurred between 9 and 17 days posttransplantation, erythrocytes engrafted within 3-4 weeks of transplantation, and platelet recovery was seen between day 17 and day 49 following the transplants. No immunosuppression was given prophylactically posttransplant. Three @entity0 had no @entity5 , two had transient @entity4 and/or fever, and two developed mild focal (stage I) chronic cutaneous @entity5 . Of the seven who engrafted, five (71%) are alive and clinically well without @entity5 18-35 months posttransplant. These data demonstrate that SBA- and SRBC/N-SRBC-treated haploidentical marrow transplantation results in functional lymphocyte engraftment in @entity1 without significant @entity5 , and can be used for some @entity0 who otherwise would have no hope for survival.

title: Haploidentical bone marrow transplantation for @entity1 using XXXX agglutinin-negative, T-depleted marrow cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The major limitation of mismatched bone marrow transplantation is fatal @entity5 ( @entity5 ). We processed haplotype-identical parental marrow with @entity3 agglutinin (SBA), @entity2 erythrocytes (SRBC), and neuraminidase-treated SRBC (N-SRBC) to enrich for marrow stem cells and remove mature T cells. Nine @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) who lacked histocompatible donors received these SBA-negative, SRBC-negative, N-SRBC-negative marrow transplants (0.5-5.0 X 10(8) cells/kg). Seven of the nine @entity0 (78%) had documented T-lymphocyte engraftment based on HLA typing and/or chromosomal analysis. Six @entity0 showed evidence of B-cell immunity on the basis of increased immunoglobulin levels, @entity6 , and/or HLA-DR typing of non-T cells. Three @entity0 received marrow ablative chemotherapy pretransplant for maternal-fetal @entity5 ; neutrophil engraftment occurred between 9 and 17 days posttransplantation, erythrocytes engrafted within 3-4 weeks of transplantation, and platelet recovery was seen between day 17 and day 49 following the transplants. No immunosuppression was given prophylactically posttransplant. Three @entity0 had no @entity5 , two had transient @entity4 and/or fever, and two developed mild focal (stage I) chronic cutaneous @entity5 . Of the seven who engrafted, five (71%) are alive and clinically well without @entity5 18-35 months posttransplant. These data demonstrate that SBA- and SRBC/N-SRBC-treated haploidentical marrow transplantation results in functional lymphocyte engraftment in @entity1 without significant @entity5 , and can be used for some @entity0 who otherwise would have no hope for survival.

title: Haploidentical bone marrow transplantation for XXXX using @entity3 agglutinin-negative, T-depleted marrow cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In @entity1 @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) or @entity8 of a solitary kidney, reversible decrease of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) or @entity3 has been observed following @entity9 administration. Decrease of GFR has been ascribed to preferential efferent vasodilatation. To test this hypothesis, acute changes of mean arterial pressure (MAP), renal plasma flow (RPF), GFR, plasma @entity4 activity (PRA) and @entity6 -excretion after 50 mg @entity9 orally were measured in post-transplant hypertensives with and without transplant @entity8 (TRAS) during treatment with diuretics. The fall in MAP was similar in both groups; RPF did not change significantly; GFR decreased from 58 +/- 14 (s.d.) to 49 +/- 14 ml/min (TRAS, n = 8) and from 60 +/- 15 to 50 +/- 16 ml/min (without TRAS, n = 8). There was no evidence of @entity2 in @entity0 with TRAS, and filtration fraction decreased only in @entity0 without TRAS. Increase of PRA after @entity9 was not significantly different between the two groups. @entity6 -excretion did not change significantly. In one @entity0 with severe TRAS, long term @entity5 ( @entity5 ) inhibition and acute normalization of MAP with @entity7 both induced a comparable decrease of GFR. The results demonstrate that acute postglomerular vasodilatation does not necessarily occur after @entity5 inhibition in @entity0 with TRAS and a high- @entity4 state.

title: Does XXXX reduce renal function in renovascular disease by postglomerular vasodilatation?

answer: @entity9


abstract: The radiobiological features of leukemic progenitor cells ( @entity2 ) freshly obtained from 14 T-lineage @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and 11 B-lineage @entity1 @entity0 were evaluated using @entity2 colony assays. No significant radiobiological differences were observed between T-lineage versus B-lineage @entity1 @entity2 . Notably, the D0 values displayed a significant interpatient variation in both groups, indicating a pronounced heterogeneity in the radiation sensitivity of @entity2 . @entity2 from some @entity0 were very radioresistant, and in additional experiments using cryopreserved bone marrow blasts, up to 32% of @entity2 could survive 1600 cGy delivered at 100 cGy/min. In six of 11 T-lineage @entity1 cases and five of ten B-lineage @entity1 cases, a distinct initial shoulder was present on the single dose radiation survival curves, providing circumstantial evidence that @entity2 are able to repair sublethal radiation damage. A greater proportion of @entity2 survived 400 cGy when the dose was delivered in two fractions instead of a single dose, providing direct evidence that @entity2 in @entity1 possess a substantial capacity to repair sublethal radiation damage. The interpatient differences in Dq and recovery factor values indicated a marked heterogeneity in the ability of @entity2 to repair sublethal radiation damage. Analysis of the dose rate effects on the radiation survival of @entity2 in four @entity1 cases suggested that the radiation sensitivity of @entity2 is dose rate dependent. Normal bone marrow progenitor cells (colony-forming unit, granulocyte-macrophage, and burst-forming unit, erythroid) were more radiosensitive and unable to repair sublethal radiation damage. To our knowledge, this report represents (a) the first detailed comparative analysis of the radiobiological features of freshly obtained @entity2 in T-lineage and B-lineage @entity1 @entity0 , and (b) the first elucidation of radiobiological differences between leukemic @entity1 versus normal bone marrow progenitor cells.

title: Radiobiological features of fresh leukemic bone marrow progenitor cells in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Cell populations depleted of @entity1 erythrocytes (E) rosette-forming T cells (E-cells) contain cells capable of giving rise to T cell colonies. We have characterized the T cell colony-forming cell from @entity0 bone marrow, blood and tonsil E- cells using a T-cell colony assay. Depletion of @entity3 +, CD3+ or @entity2 + cells from E- cells reduced colony formation by 70-100%. Removal of CD8+ cells did not reduce, but rather enhanced colony formation by 50% or more. The most effective reduction (100%) in colony formation was obtained with anti- @entity2 , indicating that @entity2 is a marker of all colony-forming T cells. The @entity2 + lymphocytes generated two types of colonies, types I and II, in the presence or absence, respectively, of CD8+ lymphocytes. Type I were small and compact, reached a peak on days 5-7, and contained @entity2 + and CD8+ cells. Type II were large and diffuse, reached a peak on days 9-10 and contained @entity2 + cells. In continuous culture of single type II colony cells, we observed a consistent increase of CD8+ cells. In one colony the combined percentage of @entity2 + and CD8+ cells exceeded 100% (averaging 83% @entity2 + and 72% CD8+), indicating the presence of dual markers on some cells. We suggest that colony forming T cells are @entity3 + CD3+ @entity2 +, the @entity2 + antigen being the most consistent marker of such precursor cells.

title: Origin of T lymphocyte colony-forming cells in cell populations depleted of XXXX erythrocyte rosette forming cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of @entity1 were studied in 50 surgical @entity0 . @entity1 was administered as a bolus dose, 2 mg/kg iv, followed by a variable-rate infusion, 0-20 mg/min, and intermittent supplemental boluses, 10-20 mg iv, as part of a general anesthetic technique that included @entity2 , @entity3 , and muscle relaxants. For a majority of the @entity0 (n = 30), the pharmacokinetics of @entity1 were best described by a two-compartment model. The @entity1 mean total body clearance rate was 2.09 +/- 0.65 1/min (mean +/- SD), the volume of distribution at steady state was 159 +/- 57 l, and the elimination half-life was 116 +/- 34 min. Elderly @entity0 ( @entity0 older than 60 yr vs. those younger than 60 yr) had significantly decreased clearance rates (1.58 +/- 0.42 vs. 2.19 +/- 0.64 l/min), whereas @entity0 (vs. @entity0 ) had greater clearance rates (33 +/- 8 vs. 26 +/- 7 l.kg-1.min-1) and volumes of distribution (2.50 +/- 0.81 vs. 2.05 +/- 0.65 l/kg). @entity0 undergoing major (intraabdominal) surgery had longer elimination half-life values (136 +/- 40 vs. 108 +/- 29 min). @entity0 required an average blood @entity1 concentration of 4.05 +/- 1.01 micrograms/ml for major surgery and 2.97 +/- 1.07 micrograms/ml for nonmajor surgery. Blood @entity1 concentrations at which 50% of @entity0 (EC50) were awake and oriented after surgery were 1.07 and 0.95 microgram/ml, respectively. Psychomotor performance returned to baseline at blood @entity1 concentrations of 0.38-0.43 microgram/ml (EC50). This clinical study demonstrates the feasibility of performing pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses when complex infusion and bolus regimens are used for administering iv anesthetics.

title: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of XXXX infusions during general anesthesia.

answer: @entity1