abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 is expressed on @entity1 vasculature and a target for anti-angiogenic intervention. VXM01 is a first in kind orally applied @entity1 vaccine based on live, @entity5 bacteria carrying an expression plasmid, encoding @entity4 . We here studied the safety, tolerability, T effector (Teff), T regulatory (Treg) and humoral responses to @entity4 and anti-angiogenic effects in advanced @entity6 @entity0 in a randomized, dose escalation phase I clinical trial. Results of the first 3 mo observation period are reported. Locally advanced or metastatic, @entity6 @entity0 were enrolled. In five escalating dose groups, 30 @entity0 received VXM01 and 15 placebo on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Treatment was well tolerated at all dose levels. No dose-limiting @entity3 were observed. @entity7 -specific humoral immune responses occurred in the two highest dose groups. @entity4 specific Teff, but not Treg responses were overall increased in vaccinated @entity0 . We furthermore observed a significant reduction of @entity1 perfusion after 38 d in vaccinated @entity0 together with increased levels of serum biomarkers indicative of anti-angiogenic activity, @entity2 , and collagen IV. Vaccine specific Teff responses significantly correlated with @entity1 perfusion and high levels of preexisting @entity4 -specific Teff while those showing no antiangiogenic activity had low levels of preexisting @entity4 specific Teff, showed a transient early increase of @entity4 -specific Treg and reduced levels of @entity4 -specific Teff at later time points - pointing to the possibility that early anti-angiogenic activity might be based at least in part on specific reactivation of preexisting memory T cells.

title: Anti-angiogenic activity of VXM01, an oral T-cell vaccine against VEGF receptor 2, in @entity0 with advanced XXXX : A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 is expressed on @entity1 vasculature and a target for anti-angiogenic intervention. VXM01 is a first in kind orally applied @entity1 vaccine based on live, @entity5 bacteria carrying an expression plasmid, encoding @entity4 . We here studied the safety, tolerability, T effector (Teff), T regulatory (Treg) and humoral responses to @entity4 and anti-angiogenic effects in advanced @entity6 @entity0 in a randomized, dose escalation phase I clinical trial. Results of the first 3 mo observation period are reported. Locally advanced or metastatic, @entity6 @entity0 were enrolled. In five escalating dose groups, 30 @entity0 received VXM01 and 15 placebo on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Treatment was well tolerated at all dose levels. No dose-limiting @entity3 were observed. @entity7 -specific humoral immune responses occurred in the two highest dose groups. @entity4 specific Teff, but not Treg responses were overall increased in vaccinated @entity0 . We furthermore observed a significant reduction of @entity1 perfusion after 38 d in vaccinated @entity0 together with increased levels of serum biomarkers indicative of anti-angiogenic activity, @entity2 , and collagen IV. Vaccine specific Teff responses significantly correlated with @entity1 perfusion and high levels of preexisting @entity4 -specific Teff while those showing no antiangiogenic activity had low levels of preexisting @entity4 specific Teff, showed a transient early increase of @entity4 -specific Treg and reduced levels of @entity4 -specific Teff at later time points - pointing to the possibility that early anti-angiogenic activity might be based at least in part on specific reactivation of preexisting memory T cells.

title: Anti-angiogenic activity of VXM01, an oral T-cell vaccine against VEGF receptor 2, in XXXX with advanced @entity6 : A randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Inflammation is an essential component of pathogenesis and progression of @entity3 . A high neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is considered as a prognostic indicator for @entity0 . This meta-analysis was conducted to establish the overall accuracy of the NLR test in the diagnosis of @entity0 . A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted by using PubMed, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Published studies dating up to July 2014 and 4,293 @entity1 were enrolled in the present study. In order to evaluate the association between NLR and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), recurrence-free survival (RFS) or @entity3 specific survival (CSS), the hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted. @entity5 was the primary outcome. The results suggested that increased NLR was a strong predictor for @entity5 with HR of 2.28 (95% CI  =  1.08-4.80, Pheterogeneity  <  0.001). Stratified analyses indicated that a high NLR appeared to be a negative prognostic marker in Caucasian populations (HR  =  4.53, 95% CI  =  3.11-6.60, Pheterogeneity   =  0.096), multivariate analysis method (HR  =  2.10, 95% CI  =  1.52-2.89, Pheterogeneity  =  0.591), and mixed @entity2 (HR  =  4.53, 95% CI  =  3.11-6.60, Pheterogeneity  =  0.096). Elevated NLR was associated with a high risk for @entity4 (HR  =  1.38, 95% CI  =  1.09-1.74, Pheterogeneity  =  0.050) and in subgroups of multivariate analysis (HR  =  1.64, 95% CI  =  1.25-2.14, Pheterogeneity  =  0.545) and mixed @entity2 (HR  =  1.99, 95% CI  =  1.28-3.09, Pheterogeneity  =  0.992). In summary, NLR could be considered as a predictive factor for @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: Prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To evaluate the prognostic value of change (fall) in serum @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in critically ill adults with severe @entity1 / @entity2 . METHODS: This was a prospective observational study in a general purpose Intensive Care Unit of a teaching Institute. @entity3 was measured at admission (D0) and after 72-96 h (D4) by electrochemi-luminescence immunoassay (BRAHMS @entity3 kit) in adults (>18 years) admitted with severe @entity1 or @entity2 . Change in procalcitonin values from D0 to D4 was correlated with the primary outcome, that is, 28 days mortality. All results are reported as median (interquartile range). RESULTS: A total of 171 (100 males) of 181 @entity0 were included. The median age was 46 years (range 19-79). 137 @entity0 were in @entity2 and 34 in severe @entity1 . The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score in all @entity0 was 11 (9-14).91 (53.2%) @entity0 survived at 28 days (survivors). The baseline procalcitonin was similar in two groups (3.48 [1.04-15.85] vs. 5.27 [1.81-23.57] ng/ml in survivors and nonsurvivors [NS] respectively). The procalcitonin change was 1.58 (0.20-8.52) in survivors and 0.28 (-1.38-6.17) in NS (P = 0.01). The C-statistic of percentage change in procalcitonin from D0 to D4 to predict survival was 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.82) when compared to 0.78 (95% CI: 0.71-0.86) for change of SOFA score. For an absolute fall in procalcitonin of >1 ng/ml, a 70% fall predicted survival with 75% sensitivity and 64% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: In critically ill- @entity0 with severe @entity1 / @entity2 , change (fall) in procalcitonin is associated with good outcome.

title: Procalcitonin kinetics as a prognostic marker in severe XXXX / @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: To evaluate the prognostic value of change (fall) in serum @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in critically ill adults with severe @entity1 / @entity2 . METHODS: This was a prospective observational study in a general purpose Intensive Care Unit of a teaching Institute. @entity3 was measured at admission (D0) and after 72-96 h (D4) by electrochemi-luminescence immunoassay (BRAHMS @entity3 kit) in adults (>18 years) admitted with severe @entity1 or @entity2 . Change in procalcitonin values from D0 to D4 was correlated with the primary outcome, that is, 28 days mortality. All results are reported as median (interquartile range). RESULTS: A total of 171 (100 males) of 181 @entity0 were included. The median age was 46 years (range 19-79). 137 @entity0 were in @entity2 and 34 in severe @entity1 . The sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score in all @entity0 was 11 (9-14).91 (53.2%) @entity0 survived at 28 days (survivors). The baseline procalcitonin was similar in two groups (3.48 [1.04-15.85] vs. 5.27 [1.81-23.57] ng/ml in survivors and nonsurvivors [NS] respectively). The procalcitonin change was 1.58 (0.20-8.52) in survivors and 0.28 (-1.38-6.17) in NS (P = 0.01). The C-statistic of percentage change in procalcitonin from D0 to D4 to predict survival was 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.65-0.82) when compared to 0.78 (95% CI: 0.71-0.86) for change of SOFA score. For an absolute fall in procalcitonin of >1 ng/ml, a 70% fall predicted survival with 75% sensitivity and 64% specificity. CONCLUSIONS: In critically ill- @entity0 with severe @entity1 / @entity2 , change (fall) in procalcitonin is associated with good outcome.

title: Procalcitonin kinetics as a prognostic marker in severe @entity1 / XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the antimicrobial resistance of @entity9 isolated from shellfish and its habitat in Sichuan, Fujian and Guangxi. METHODS: The susceptibility of 186 isolates of @entity9 to 8 antibiotics were determined by broth microdilution susceptibility test. The antibiotics of @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity5 and @entity0 / @entity1 were used. RESULTS: The antibiotic resistance rate were 69.35% in which @entity4 resistance was the most prevalent. The geometric mean of @entity4 MIC value of all isolates was greater than the interpretation value of resistance. Among the 186 tested isolates, the multiple antibiotic resistance and/or intermediate resistance was 4. All strains were 100% sensitive to @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity6 and @entity5 . The @entity4 susceptibility spectrum of aquaculture farm was the highest among the three sectors as 73.68% and Sichuan was the highest among the three provinces as 70.94% although there were no significant differences. There were 44 samples out of which 2 and above strains were isolated, and the susceptibility spectrum polymorphism rate of strains isolated from the same sample was 77.27% (34/44). CONCLUSION: The @entity4 resistance rate is relatively high, and shellfish habitat may be the main source of antimicrobial resistance of @entity9 . There is an urgent need to strengthen the surveillance and management of @entity9 in the shellfish breeding process.

title: [Analysis of antimicrobial resistance results of XXXX isolated from shellfish and its habitat in 2013].

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: Accurate @entity1 segmentation is a prerequisite for effective radiation therapy and surgical planning. However, @entity2 delineation is challenging when the @entity2 boundaries are indistinct on PET or CT. To address this problem, we developed a segmentation method to improve the delineation of primary @entity1 from PET-CT images. METHODS: We formulated the segmentation problem as a label information propagation process in an iterative manner. Our model incorporates spatial-topological information from PET and local intensity changes from CT. The topological information of the regions was extracted based on the metabolic activity of different tissues. The spatial-topological information moderates the amount of label information that a pixel receives: The label information attenuates as the spatial distance increases and when crossing different topological regions. Thus, the spatial-topological constraint assists accurate @entity2 delineation and separation. The label information propagation and transition model are solved under a random walk framework. RESULTS: Our method achieved an average DSC of [Formula: see text] and @entity3 (mm) of [Formula: see text] on 40 @entity0 with @entity1 . The t test showed a significant improvement (p value  [Formula: see text]  0.05) in segmentation accuracy when compared to eight other methods. Our method was better able to delineate @entity2 that had heterogeneous FDG uptake and which abutted adjacent structures that had similar densities. CONCLUSIONS: Our method, using a spatial-topological constraint, provided @entity1 delineation, in particular, when the @entity2 involved or abutted the chest wall and the mediastinum.

title: XXXX segmentation from PET-CT volumes with spatial-topological constraint.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 (PRL) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) secretion have been evaluated in 17 acromegalic @entity0 following acute administration of two @entity1 (DA) receptor antagonists, i.e. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity3 ( @entity7 ). Six @entity0 had persistent @entity5 . In 8 normoprolactinemic @entity0 , i.m. injection of 100 mg SULP elicited only a slight rise iN plasma PRL, which was strikingly lower than that SULP induced in control subjects. Likewise, an i.v. bolus injection of @entity7 (4 mg) was barely effective to raise plasma PRL in the 11 normoprolactinemic and the 6 hyperprolactinemic @entity0 . @entity7 was instead capable of inducing a clear-cut rise in plasma PRL in normoprolactinemic controls and in a group of subjects with puerperal @entity5 . Neither drug affected @entity2 secretion in acromegalic @entity0 . It is proposed that a defective tuberoinfundibular DA function or, alternatively, a diminished PRL reserve due to a decrease pituitary lactotroph mass may be responsible for the blunted PRL responsiveness of acromegalics. However, standing the paucity of present knowledge on the pituitary PRL secretory pool in acromegalics, neither hypothesis seems capable to account satisfactory for the reported results.

title: Impaired XXXX responsiveness to @entity1 antagonists in acromegaly.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 (PRL) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) secretion have been evaluated in 17 acromegalic @entity0 following acute administration of two @entity1 (DA) receptor antagonists, i.e. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity3 ( @entity7 ). Six @entity0 had persistent @entity5 . In 8 normoprolactinemic @entity0 , i.m. injection of 100 mg SULP elicited only a slight rise iN plasma PRL, which was strikingly lower than that SULP induced in control subjects. Likewise, an i.v. bolus injection of @entity7 (4 mg) was barely effective to raise plasma PRL in the 11 normoprolactinemic and the 6 hyperprolactinemic @entity0 . @entity7 was instead capable of inducing a clear-cut rise in plasma PRL in normoprolactinemic controls and in a group of subjects with puerperal @entity5 . Neither drug affected @entity2 secretion in acromegalic @entity0 . It is proposed that a defective tuberoinfundibular DA function or, alternatively, a diminished PRL reserve due to a decrease pituitary lactotroph mass may be responsible for the blunted PRL responsiveness of acromegalics. However, standing the paucity of present knowledge on the pituitary PRL secretory pool in acromegalics, neither hypothesis seems capable to account satisfactory for the reported results.

title: Impaired @entity6 responsiveness to XXXX antagonists in acromegaly.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The implementation of novel platform organisms to be used as microbial cell factories in industrial applications is currently the subject of intense research. Ongoing efforts include the adoption of @entity3 variants with a reduced genome as the functional chassis for biotechnological purposes. In these strains, dispensable functions removed @entity1 (1.1% of the genome) and a number of open reading frames expected to improve genotypic and phenotypic stability of the cells upon deletion (3.2% of the genome). RESULTS: In this study, two previously constructed multiple-deletion @entity2 strains were systematically evaluated as microbial cell factories for heterologous protein production and compared to the parental bacterium (strain @entity3 ) with regards to several industrially-relevant physiological traits. Energetic parameters were quantified at different controlled growth rates in continuous cultivations and both strains had a higher @entity0 content, increased adenylate energy charges, and diminished maintenance demands than the wild-type strain. Under all the conditions tested the mutants also grew faster, had enhanced biomass yields and showed higher viability, and displayed increased plasmid stability than the parental strain. In addition to small-scale shaken-flask cultivations, the performance of the genome-streamlined strains was evaluated in larger scale bioreactor batch cultivations taking a step towards industrial growth conditions. When the production of the green fluorescent protein (used as a model heterologous protein) was assessed in these cultures, the mutants reached a recombinant protein yield with respect to biomass up to 40% higher than that of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The two streamlined-genome derivatives of @entity3 outcompeted the parental strain in every industrially-relevant trait assessed, particularly under the working conditions of a bioreactor. Our results demonstrate that these genome-streamlined bacteria are not only robust microbial cell factories on their own, but also a promising foundation for further biotechnological applications.

title: Genome reduction boosts heterologous gene expression in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 plaque analysis using computed tomography angiography (CTA) has been found to be accurate and reproducible in the coronary and carotid arteries. The aim of our study was to assess the utility of this technique in predicting outcome following lower limb endovascular interventions. METHODS: Pre-procedural CTA was retrospectively analysed in 50 @entity0 who had undergone femoropopliteal (F-P) angioplasty (and/or stenting). Plaque analysis was performed using TeraRecon workstation by two observers blinded to the long-term outcome. Using the Hounsfield units (HU) scale @entity2 plaque composition was subdivided into volumes of soft (-100-100 HU) fibrocalcific (101-300 HU) or calcified (300-1000 HU) components. The relationship between plaque composition, clinical and procedural variables, and the study end points (vessel patency, binary @entity1 rate, and @entity3 [ @entity3 ]) were assessed using multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The technical success rate of the endovascular procedure was 98%, with 48% of @entity0 receiving F-P stents. The @entity3 was 90%, primary patency 84%, assisted primary patency 88%, and binary @entity1 44% all at 1 year. A significantly greater total volume of calcified plaque (1.1 [.01-3.2] cm(3) vs. .11 [0-1.86] cm(3), p  <  .001) was found in @entity0 developing @entity1 (>50%) compared with those who did not. @entity0 with a calcified plaque volume greater than 1.1  cm(3) had a significantly worse @entity3 than those with a volume less than 1.1  cm(3) (p  =  .0038). Multivariate analysis showed that the percentage calcified plaque (p  =  .003, HR 11.4, 95% CI 1.45-37.29) was an independent predictor of binary @entity1 at 12 months, and that absolute volume of calcified plaque (p  =  .001, HR 3.56, 95% CI 1.64-7.7) was independently associated with @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The burden of calcified plaque, but not soft or fibrocalcific plaque is related to @entity1 , reintervention, and @entity3 . Computed tomography plaque analysis may form an important non-invasive tool for risk stratification in @entity0 undergoing F-P endovascular procedures.

title: XXXX Plaque Analysis: A Pilot Study to Assess a Novel Tool to Predict Outcome Following Lower Limb Endovascular Intervention.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Olfaction is one of the important senses for @entity0 . Systemic glucocorticoids are the most commonly used medications for olfactory loss because of their strong anti-inflammatory effects. However, their effect on olfactory function is still controversial and the precise mechanism is not clear. To gain a global view of the effect of systematic glucocorticoid treatment on gene expression in the olfactory mucosa (OM), we profiled these changes in a @entity1 model of olfaction in order to identify underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity1 were injected daily for 2 weeks (WK2) with @entity3 ( @entity4 , intraperitoneally, 1 mg/kg body weight) vs 1 day of @entity4 (D1) vs controls, which received saline (Ctrl) (n = 9/group). Total RNA from the OM was used to analyze global gene expression. Genes showing changes in expression were compared using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID, v6.7) and the General Olfactory Sensitivity Database (GOSdb; http://genome.weizmann.ac.il/GOSdb). RESULTS: Between the WK2 and Ctrl groups, 3351 genes were differentially expressed, of which 236 genes were related to olfactory function. Genes involved in axon guidance, cell projection, and @entity2 were enriched and overlapped significantly with those in the GOSdb. CONCLUSION: Systemic glucocorticoids exert effects on transcription of a notable number of genes in the OM and appear to orchestrate changes related to axon guidance, cell projection, and @entity2 . Further examination may allow targeted therapies that lack the side effects of this category of medication.

title: XXXX affects @entity1 olfactory mucosa gene expression and attenuates genes related to neurite outgrowth.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Olfaction is one of the important senses for @entity0 . Systemic glucocorticoids are the most commonly used medications for olfactory loss because of their strong anti-inflammatory effects. However, their effect on olfactory function is still controversial and the precise mechanism is not clear. To gain a global view of the effect of systematic glucocorticoid treatment on gene expression in the olfactory mucosa (OM), we profiled these changes in a @entity1 model of olfaction in order to identify underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity1 were injected daily for 2 weeks (WK2) with @entity3 ( @entity4 , intraperitoneally, 1 mg/kg body weight) vs 1 day of @entity4 (D1) vs controls, which received saline (Ctrl) (n = 9/group). Total RNA from the OM was used to analyze global gene expression. Genes showing changes in expression were compared using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID, v6.7) and the General Olfactory Sensitivity Database (GOSdb; http://genome.weizmann.ac.il/GOSdb). RESULTS: Between the WK2 and Ctrl groups, 3351 genes were differentially expressed, of which 236 genes were related to olfactory function. Genes involved in axon guidance, cell projection, and @entity2 were enriched and overlapped significantly with those in the GOSdb. CONCLUSION: Systemic glucocorticoids exert effects on transcription of a notable number of genes in the OM and appear to orchestrate changes related to axon guidance, cell projection, and @entity2 . Further examination may allow targeted therapies that lack the side effects of this category of medication.

title: @entity3 affects XXXX olfactory mucosa gene expression and attenuates genes related to neurite outgrowth.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: We are reporting the five-year biochemical control, @entity2 profile and dosimetric parameters using iodine-125 low dose rate brachytherapy (BT) as monotherapy for early @entity1 at a single institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between April 2006 and December 2010, 169 @entity0 with early @entity1 were treated with BT. Biochemical failure was defined using the Phoenix definition (nadir   +   2  ng/mL). Treatment-related morbidities, including urinary, rectal and sexual function, were measured, applying the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the 7-grade Quality of Life Scale (QoL) and medical status, the International Consultation on Incontinence Modular Questionnaire (ICIQ), the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) and the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE v4.03). Seed migration and loss, dosimetric parameters and learning effects were also analyzed. RESULTS: Medium follow-up time was 50  months (range, 1-85 months). The five-year biochemical failure rate was 7%. @entity4 rates were 19% (grade 1) and 1% (grade 2), respectively. The overall incidence of @entity3 was 19% (mild), 16% (moderate) and   <   1% (severe). An increase in IPSS   >=    5 points was detected in 59% of @entity0 , with 38% regaining their baseline. Seed dislocation was found in 24% of @entity0 and correlated with D90 and V100. A learning curve was found for seed migration, D90 and V100. QoL correlated with the general health condition of @entity0 , @entity3 symptoms and IPSS. CONCLUSIONS: BT for early @entity1 offers excellent five-year biochemical control with low @entity2 . QoL aspects are favorable. A learning curve was detected for procedural aspects but its impact on @entity0 relevant endpoints remains inconclusive.

title: Iodine-125 seed brachytherapy for early XXXX : a single-institution review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A total of 658 cases of @entity5 was reported in South Australia in the 18 months from March, 1980. Although Campylobacter sp. may cause more @entity2 than @entity4 sp. during some time periods, our data suggest that the reverse applies over all. However, since @entity5 tends to affect older @entity0 who possibly are investigated less frequently, the relative prevalence of @entity5 may have been understated. Both diseases are notified among preschoolers to a disproportionate extent; however, Campylobacter sp. show a greater predisposition that @entity4 sp. for affecting teenagers and young adults. @entity0 with @entity5 are more likely to be residents of metropolitan areas than their counterparts with @entity4 . Virtually all @entity0 with @entity5 experience some @entity1 ; three-quarters have @entity3 ; approximately one-third report blood, and a similar proportion mucus in their stools. @entity0 are more likely than adults to have mucus, and possibly blood, in their stools.

title: Population-based comparative study of campylobacter and XXXX in South Australia.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECT: Outcomes of focal resection in young @entity0 with early-onset @entity1 are varied in the literature due to study differences. In this paper, the authors sought to define the effect of focal resection in a small homogeneous sample of @entity0 who were otherwise cognitively intact, but who required early surgical treatment. Preservation of and age-appropriate development of intelligence following focal resection was hypothesized. METHODS: Cognitive outcome after focal resection was retrospectively reviewed for 15 cognitively intact @entity0 who were operated on at the ages of 2-6 years for lesion-related, early-onset @entity1 . Intelligence was tested prior to and after surgery. Effect sizes and confidence intervals for means and standard deviations were used to infer changes and differences in intelligence between 1) groups (pre vs post), 2) left versus right hemisphere resections, and 3) short versus long duration of @entity2 prior to resection. RESULTS: No group changes from baseline occurred in Full Scale, verbal, or nonverbal IQ. No change from baseline intelligence occurred in @entity0 who underwent left or right hemisphere surgery, including no group effect on verbal scores following surgery in the dominant hemisphere. @entity0 with @entity2 durations of less than 6 months prior to resection showed improvement from their presurgical baseline in contrast to those with @entity2 duration of greater than 6 months prior to surgery, particularly in Wechsler Full Scale IQ and nonverbal intelligence. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that surgical treatment of focal @entity2 in cognitively intact preschool @entity0 is likely to result in @entity2 remediation, antiepileptic drug discontinuation, and no significant decrement in intelligence. The latter finding is particularly significant in light of the longstanding concern associated with performing resections in the language-dominant hemisphere. Importantly, shorter @entity2 duration prior to resection can result in improved cognitive outcome, suggesting that surgery for this population should occur sooner to help improve intelligence outcomes.

title: Impact of XXXX surgery on development of preschool @entity0 : identification of a cohort likely to benefit from early intervention.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECT: Outcomes of focal resection in young @entity0 with early-onset @entity1 are varied in the literature due to study differences. In this paper, the authors sought to define the effect of focal resection in a small homogeneous sample of @entity0 who were otherwise cognitively intact, but who required early surgical treatment. Preservation of and age-appropriate development of intelligence following focal resection was hypothesized. METHODS: Cognitive outcome after focal resection was retrospectively reviewed for 15 cognitively intact @entity0 who were operated on at the ages of 2-6 years for lesion-related, early-onset @entity1 . Intelligence was tested prior to and after surgery. Effect sizes and confidence intervals for means and standard deviations were used to infer changes and differences in intelligence between 1) groups (pre vs post), 2) left versus right hemisphere resections, and 3) short versus long duration of @entity2 prior to resection. RESULTS: No group changes from baseline occurred in Full Scale, verbal, or nonverbal IQ. No change from baseline intelligence occurred in @entity0 who underwent left or right hemisphere surgery, including no group effect on verbal scores following surgery in the dominant hemisphere. @entity0 with @entity2 durations of less than 6 months prior to resection showed improvement from their presurgical baseline in contrast to those with @entity2 duration of greater than 6 months prior to surgery, particularly in Wechsler Full Scale IQ and nonverbal intelligence. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that surgical treatment of focal @entity2 in cognitively intact preschool @entity0 is likely to result in @entity2 remediation, antiepileptic drug discontinuation, and no significant decrement in intelligence. The latter finding is particularly significant in light of the longstanding concern associated with performing resections in the language-dominant hemisphere. Importantly, shorter @entity2 duration prior to resection can result in improved cognitive outcome, suggesting that surgery for this population should occur sooner to help improve intelligence outcomes.

title: Impact of @entity1 surgery on development of preschool XXXX : identification of a cohort likely to benefit from early intervention.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Peritumoral cysts are benign nonneoplastic cysts that are found adjacent to extraaxial @entity5 such as @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity8 . Peritumoral cysts associated with @entity9 have not been previously described in the literature. The authors report 6 cases of giant macroadenoma-associated peritumoral cysts and delineate their imaging spectrum. METHODS The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of 179 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity9 who underwent @entity1 resection at their institution and had preoperative MRI scans available for review. The @entity0 were evaluated for the presence of associated peritumoral cysts. Clinical presentation, histopathology, follow-up time, @entity1 and peritumoral cyst dimensions were recorded. Signal intensity on T1-weighted, T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and FLAIR sequences, as well as pre- and postcontrast appearance, were determined. RESULTS Six @entity0 (3.4%) with associated peritumoral cysts were identified in our cohort of 179 @entity0 with @entity9 . Twelve @entity0 in the cohort had @entity7 (>=  4.0 cm), and 50% of these @entity1 had associated peritumoral cysts with significant extrasellar extension of the macroadenoma. @entity1 with craniocaudal, transverse, and anteroposterior diameters of 3.6 * 3.4 * 4.2 cm to 7.0 * 7.4 * 6.8 cm (mean 5.3 * 5.1 * 5.6 cm), respectively, had associated peritumoral cysts. The growth pattern in all @entity1 was suprasellar, with predominant anterior and lateral extension. Cysts showed T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and FLAIR hyperintensity in 67%, 67%, and 60% of @entity0 , respectively. There was no contrast enhancement of the cyst wall or fluid contents in any @entity0 . Postoperatively, cysts had completely resolved (4 of 5) or significantly decreased in size (1 of 5). One @entity0 was lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS @entity2 are rare, benign, and likely nonneoplastic fluid collections that do not represent @entity1 . These cysts display a predictable pattern of hyperintensity on T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and FLAIR sequences and do not enhance. They most likely represent proteinaceous CSF in a sulcus or cistern that becomes trapped (encysted) by anterolateral extension of unusually large macroadenomas. Peritumoral cysts may facilitate resection of the associated macroadenoma by providing a cleavage plane.

title: Peritumoral cysts associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Genetic and environmental factors, including @entity2 , contribute to the pathogenesis of @entity1 in Labrador retrievers. Clinical disease is preceded by a subclinical phase in which copper accumulates in the liver. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of a @entity2 , high-zinc diet on hepatic copper concentration in Labrador retrievers with increased hepatic copper concentrations. ANIMALS: Twenty-eight clinically healthy, client-owned Labrador retrievers with a mean hepatic copper concentration of 919      477  mg/kg dry weight liver (dwl) that were related to @entity0 previously diagnosed with clinical @entity1 . METHODS: Clinical trial in which @entity0 were fed a diet containing 1.3      0.3  mg copper/Mcal and 64.3      5.9  mg zinc/Mcal. @entity1 concentrations were determined in liver biopsy samples approximately every 6  months. Logistic regression was performed to investigate effects of sex, age, initial hepatic copper concentration and pedigree on the ability to normalize hepatic copper concentrations. RESULTS: In responders (15/28 @entity0 ), hepatic copper concentrations decreased from a mean of 710      216  mg/kg dwl copper to 343      70  mg/kg dwl hepatic copper after a median of 7.1  months (range, 5.5-21.4  months). @entity0 from a severely affected pedigree were at increased risk for inability to have their hepatic copper concentrations normalized with dietary treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Feeding a @entity2 , high-zinc diet resulted in a decrease in hepatic copper concentrations in a subset of clinically normal Labrador retrievers with previous @entity1 . A positive response to diet may be influenced by genetic background. Determination of clinical benefit requires further study.

title: Dietary Management of Labrador Retrievers with Subclinical XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Having been in use for the past couple of years, the "duckbill" valved Silastic tube developed by Blom and Singer is well established as a device for vocal rehabilitation of the laryngectomee. The newer " @entity3 " prosthesis developed by Panje incorporates a similar vale in Silastic. Neither of these devices can be used with tracheal stomal stenosis or with a deep tracheal stoma behind prominent sternomastoid muscles. The ritual of taping the Blom-Singer prosthesis and the frequent failure of the tape to hold are other distinct disadvantages. Limitations are imposed on @entity0 selection with the Panje prosthesis because of the rigid dimensions and the possibility of @entity2 of the device, as well as the necessity for manual dexterity on the part of the @entity0 . A new device has been fashioned utilizing the "duckbill" Silastic tube as a valve attached to a new type of @entity1 stoma button. This appears to have universal application, is not difficulty to change, requires no taping, and is self-maintaining. There is no possibility of @entity2 . The device is simple and appears to overcome many of the disadvantages of the other two. The tracheal esophageal puncture must be made in a cephalad direction so that the tracheal air diverted through the prosthesis will be directed toward the pharynx and not toward the esophagus. Prostheses directed caudad will not function and those @entity0 should be repunctured.

title: XXXX stoma vent voice prosthesis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity9 , @entity0 first exhibit @entity8 and peritonsillar abscessation, followed by the development of anaerobic bacterial (usually Fusobacterium necrophorum) @entity3 and metastatic @entity2 throughout the body. However, these @entity2 rarely affect the liver. We describe a case of @entity9 , in which the first disease manifestation was @entity7 , for drawing attention of emergency physicians to this rare but fatal disease. CASE PRESENTATION: A 28-year-old Asian ethnicity Filipino male, who was previously healthy, entered the emergency department presenting with fever and @entity1 that had persisted for 5  days. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography revealed a 3-cm area of low density in segment 6 of the liver, consistent with an abscess. Chest computed tomography also revealed that multiple nodes in both lungs were enlarged, and @entity5 were suspected. The @entity0 was hospitalized and antibiotic treatment was initiated. On hospital day 6, blood culture results confirmed Fusobacterium necrophorum @entity3 . The @entity0 was diagnosed with @entity9 , as @entity8 developed into @entity6 associated with @entity4 . The @entity0 's condition improved with antibiotics and he was discharged following three weeks of treatment in the hospital. CONCLUSION: With the widespread use of antibiotics, @entity9 is rarely encountered anymore, but it can be fatal if not properly diagnosed. It is a crucial differential diagnosis in young @entity0 exhibiting @entity3 or multiple metastatic infection of unknown origin.

title: Liver abscessation and multiple septic pulmonary emboli associated with XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: The prevalence and determinants of sudden @entity7 (SVL) are unknown in African Americans (AAs). Since SVL can be @entity3 ( @entity3 )-related and @entity3 is highly prevalent in AAs, we examined the prevalence of and @entity3 factors related to self-reported SVL lasting 24 hours or longer in the cohort of AAs enrolled in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS). METHODS: The study population comprised 5301 @entity0 enrolled from 2000-2004 in the metropolitan area of Jackson, MS, USA. All @entity0 who responded to the question "Have you ever had any @entity7 or blurring, lasting 24 hours or longer?" on the baseline @entity2 questionnaire were included in the study. We estimated the prevalence of SVL and used regression modeling to identify @entity3 factors independently related to SVL. RESULTS: A total of 5262 @entity0 were included, of which 63% (3334/5262) were female. The prevalence of SVL was 3.6% (193/5262) overall (4.4% in females and 2.4% in males), and 8.7% (84/965) in @entity0 with @entity1 . Factors independently related to SVL included @entity6 (odds ratio, OR, 1.69, 95% confidence interval, CI, 1.12-2.56), @entity4 (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.76-4.47), @entity1 (OR 2.85, 95% CI 2.05-3.94), @entity5 (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.09-2.45), female sex (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.24-2.67), and income less than US 50,000 (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.28-3.30). CONCLUSIONS: In this cohort of AAs, self-reported SVL lasting 24 hours or longer was highly prevalent in @entity0 and those with @entity1 and was independently related to sex, @entity3 , @entity3 risk factors and household income.

title: XXXX and cardiovascular risk factors in African Americans: the Jackson Heart Study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: CT-P13 is the first biosimilar monoclonal antibody to infliximab (IFX); it has been approved for the same indications as its IFX counterpart in Hungary. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of CT-P13 induction therapy in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 and @entity2 , who were administered CT-P13, were prospectively enrolled. Disease activity was estimated at the start and after the induction therapy. In @entity0 with @entity2 , sigmoideoscopy was also performed at the end of the induction therapy. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 and 21 @entity2 @entity0 were enrolled. Induction treatment was completed in 16 of the @entity1 and 15 of the @entity2 @entity0 . In those with luminal @entity1 , clinical response and remission was achieved in 6 (37.5%) and 8 (50%) of the @entity0 at Week 8. In @entity2 , clinical response and remission was achieved in 3 (20%) and 10 (66.7%) @entity0 at Week 8. Mucosal healing was shown in 11 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: This was the first study to prospectively evaluate the outcome of CT-P13 induction therapy in @entity1 and @entity2 . Our results confirm that induction with CT-P13 is safe and effective.

title: Efficacy of the new infliximab biosimilar CT-P13 induction therapy in @entity1 and XXXX - experiences from a single center.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: CT-P13 is the first biosimilar monoclonal antibody to infliximab (IFX); it has been approved for the same indications as its IFX counterpart in Hungary. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of CT-P13 induction therapy in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 and @entity2 , who were administered CT-P13, were prospectively enrolled. Disease activity was estimated at the start and after the induction therapy. In @entity0 with @entity2 , sigmoideoscopy was also performed at the end of the induction therapy. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity1 and 21 @entity2 @entity0 were enrolled. Induction treatment was completed in 16 of the @entity1 and 15 of the @entity2 @entity0 . In those with luminal @entity1 , clinical response and remission was achieved in 6 (37.5%) and 8 (50%) of the @entity0 at Week 8. In @entity2 , clinical response and remission was achieved in 3 (20%) and 10 (66.7%) @entity0 at Week 8. Mucosal healing was shown in 11 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: This was the first study to prospectively evaluate the outcome of CT-P13 induction therapy in @entity1 and @entity2 . Our results confirm that induction with CT-P13 is safe and effective.

title: Efficacy of the new infliximab biosimilar CT-P13 induction therapy in XXXX and @entity2 - experiences from a single center.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of socioeconomic status (SES) with subjective and objective @entity2 and the role of socio-demographic, behavioural and psychological factors in explaining this association. METHODS: Analyses are based on 3391 @entity0 (53% female, aged 40-81 years) of the follow-up of the CoLaus study (2009-2012), a population-based sample of the city of Lausanne, Switzerland. All @entity0 completed a sleep questionnaire and a sub-sample (N   =   1569) underwent polysomnography. RESULTS: Compared with @entity0 with a high SES, @entity0 with a low SES were more likely to suffer from poor sleep quality [prevalence ratio (PR) for occupational position   =   1.68, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.30-2.17], and to have long sleep latency (PR   =   4.90, 95%CI: 2.14-11.17), @entity1 (PR   =   1.47, 95% CI: 1.12-1.93) and short sleep duration (PR   =   3.03, 95% CI: 1.78-5.18). The same pattern was observed among @entity0 (PR   =   1.29 for sleep quality, 2.34 for sleep latency, 2.01 for @entity2 , 3.16 for sleep duration, 95%CIs ranging from 1.00 to 7.51). Use of sleep medications was not patterned by SES. SES differences in @entity2 were only marginally attenuated by adjustment for other socio-demographic, behavioural and psychological factors. Results from polysomnography confirmed poorer sleep patterns among @entity0 with low SES (p   <0.05 for sleep efficiency/stage shifts), but no SES differences were found for sleep duration. CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based sample, low SES was strongly associated with @entity2 , independently of socio-demographic, behavioural, and psychological factors. Further research should establish the extent to which social differences in sleep contribute to socioeconomic differences in health outcomes.

title: Association of socioeconomic status with XXXX in the Swiss population-based CoLaus study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The selection of liver transplantation (LT) candidates with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is currently validated based on Milan criteria. The use of extended criteria has remained a matter of debate, mainly because of the absence of prospective validation. The present prospective study recruited @entity0 according to the previously proposed total @entity1 volume (TTV;  <=115 cm(3) )/ @entity3 ( @entity3 ;  <=400 ng/mL) score. @entity0 with @entity3 >400 ng/mL were excluded, and, as such, the Milan group was modified to include only @entity0 with @entity3 <400 ng/mL; these @entity0 were compared to @entity0 beyond Milan, but within TTV/ @entity3 . From January 2007 to March 2013, 233 @entity0 with @entity2 were listed for LT. Of them, 195 @entity0 were within Milan and 38 beyond Milan, but within TTV/ @entity3 . The average follow-up from listing was 33.9    24.9 months. Risk of dropout was higher for @entity0 beyond Milan, but within TTV/ @entity3 (16 of 38; 42.1%), than for those within Milan (49 of 195 [25.1%]; P = 0.033). In parallel, intent-to-treat survival from listing was lower in @entity0 beyond Milan (53.8% vs. 71.6% at 4 years; P < 0.001). After a median waiting time of 8 months, 166 @entity0 were transplanted, 134 within Milan criteria, and 32 beyond Milan but within TTV/ @entity3 . They demonstrated acceptable and similar recurrence rates (4.5% vs. 9.4%; P = 0.138) and post-transplant survivals (78.7% vs. 74.6% at 4 years; P = 0.932). CONCLUSION: Based on the present prospective study, @entity2 LT candidate selection could be expanded to the TTV ( <=115 cm(3) )/ @entity3 ( <=400 ng/mL) criteria in centers with at least 8-month waiting time. An increased risk of dropout on the waiting list can be expected, but with equivalent and satisfactory post-transplant survival. (Hepatology 2015).

title: Total @entity1 volume and XXXX for selection of transplant candidates with @entity2 : A prospective validation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The selection of liver transplantation (LT) candidates with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is currently validated based on Milan criteria. The use of extended criteria has remained a matter of debate, mainly because of the absence of prospective validation. The present prospective study recruited @entity0 according to the previously proposed total @entity1 volume (TTV;  <=115 cm(3) )/ @entity3 ( @entity3 ;  <=400 ng/mL) score. @entity0 with @entity3 >400 ng/mL were excluded, and, as such, the Milan group was modified to include only @entity0 with @entity3 <400 ng/mL; these @entity0 were compared to @entity0 beyond Milan, but within TTV/ @entity3 . From January 2007 to March 2013, 233 @entity0 with @entity2 were listed for LT. Of them, 195 @entity0 were within Milan and 38 beyond Milan, but within TTV/ @entity3 . The average follow-up from listing was 33.9    24.9 months. Risk of dropout was higher for @entity0 beyond Milan, but within TTV/ @entity3 (16 of 38; 42.1%), than for those within Milan (49 of 195 [25.1%]; P = 0.033). In parallel, intent-to-treat survival from listing was lower in @entity0 beyond Milan (53.8% vs. 71.6% at 4 years; P < 0.001). After a median waiting time of 8 months, 166 @entity0 were transplanted, 134 within Milan criteria, and 32 beyond Milan but within TTV/ @entity3 . They demonstrated acceptable and similar recurrence rates (4.5% vs. 9.4%; P = 0.138) and post-transplant survivals (78.7% vs. 74.6% at 4 years; P = 0.932). CONCLUSION: Based on the present prospective study, @entity2 LT candidate selection could be expanded to the TTV ( <=115 cm(3) )/ @entity3 ( <=400 ng/mL) criteria in centers with at least 8-month waiting time. An increased risk of dropout on the waiting list can be expected, but with equivalent and satisfactory post-transplant survival. (Hepatology 2015).

title: Total XXXX volume and @entity3 for selection of transplant candidates with @entity2 : A prospective validation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The selection of liver transplantation (LT) candidates with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is currently validated based on Milan criteria. The use of extended criteria has remained a matter of debate, mainly because of the absence of prospective validation. The present prospective study recruited @entity0 according to the previously proposed total @entity1 volume (TTV;  <=115 cm(3) )/ @entity3 ( @entity3 ;  <=400 ng/mL) score. @entity0 with @entity3 >400 ng/mL were excluded, and, as such, the Milan group was modified to include only @entity0 with @entity3 <400 ng/mL; these @entity0 were compared to @entity0 beyond Milan, but within TTV/ @entity3 . From January 2007 to March 2013, 233 @entity0 with @entity2 were listed for LT. Of them, 195 @entity0 were within Milan and 38 beyond Milan, but within TTV/ @entity3 . The average follow-up from listing was 33.9    24.9 months. Risk of dropout was higher for @entity0 beyond Milan, but within TTV/ @entity3 (16 of 38; 42.1%), than for those within Milan (49 of 195 [25.1%]; P = 0.033). In parallel, intent-to-treat survival from listing was lower in @entity0 beyond Milan (53.8% vs. 71.6% at 4 years; P < 0.001). After a median waiting time of 8 months, 166 @entity0 were transplanted, 134 within Milan criteria, and 32 beyond Milan but within TTV/ @entity3 . They demonstrated acceptable and similar recurrence rates (4.5% vs. 9.4%; P = 0.138) and post-transplant survivals (78.7% vs. 74.6% at 4 years; P = 0.932). CONCLUSION: Based on the present prospective study, @entity2 LT candidate selection could be expanded to the TTV ( <=115 cm(3) )/ @entity3 ( <=400 ng/mL) criteria in centers with at least 8-month waiting time. An increased risk of dropout on the waiting list can be expected, but with equivalent and satisfactory post-transplant survival. (Hepatology 2015).

title: Total @entity1 volume and @entity3 for selection of transplant candidates with XXXX : A prospective validation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) gastrojejunal @entity0 (GJA) is a less invasive surgery for bariatric procedures and @entity4 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of a pure NOTES gastrojejunal bypass using an in vivo porcine model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective study was performed on nine @entity5 . A double-channel scope was used. The intervention steps were: (i) gastric incision; (ii) peritoneal access; (iii) jejunal loop selection and mobilization into the stomach; (iv) stoma creation within the gastric wall and incision; (v) @entity0 suture and pylorus closure using a T-tag prototype. The animals were assessed clinically for 3 weeks including the @entity3 . The patency of the GJA was assessed at necropsy and a histological analysis was performed. RESULTS: We successfully performed all the procedures with a mean (standard deviation [SD]) operative time of 108 (26) minutes. We used a mean of 5.55 (1.30) stitches. There were no intraprocedural adverse events. Five animals survived up till euthanasia at 3 weeks (65%). These showed a significant difference in weight curves of a loss of 3.2kg compared with gain of 5.2kg in a control group.Four @entity5 died from anastomotic dehiscence complicated by @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Gastrojejunal bypass with a pure NOTES approach is feasible. This procedure is effective, resulting in a patent @entity0 and a significant @entity2 . However, the anastomotic dehiscence is a major concern because of its mortality rate, and further studies including improvement of the suturing device and the technique are needed.

title: Evaluation of feasibility, efficiency and safety of a pure NOTES gastrojejunal bypass with XXXX , in an in vivo porcine model.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Identification of third-generation, @entity4 -resistant Enterobacteriaceae (3GC-RE) carriers by rectal screening at admission seems to be an important step in the prevention of transmission and outbreaks; however, little is known about its effectiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of 'targeted screening' at @entity0 admission to intensive care units (ICUs) on the incidence of 3GC-RE @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and compare it to 'universal screening'. METHODS: We undertook a quasi-experimental study of two ICUs (unit A: intervention group; unit B: control group) at a university-affiliated hospital between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2011. In unit A, @entity0 were screened universally for 3GC-RE at admission during period 1 (1 January 2008 through 30 September 2010). During @entity3 (2011 calendar year), the intervention was implemented in unit A; @entity0 transferred from another unit or hospital were screened selectively. In unit B, all @entity0 were screened throughout @entity3 . 3GC-RE-related HAI incidence rates were expressed per 1,000 @entity0 -days. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were examined by multivariate Poisson regression modelling. RESULTS: In unit A, 3GC-RE-related HAI incidence rates decreased from 5.4 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.1 to 7.0) during period 1 to 1.3 (95% CI, 0.5 to 2.9) during @entity3 (P   <   0.001). No changes were observed in unit B between @entity3 (P   =   0.5). In unit A, the adjusted incidence of 3GC-RE-related @entity2 decreased in @entity3 compared with period 1 (adjusted @entity5 , 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.9; P   =   0.03) independently of temporal trend, @entity1 and age. No changes were seen in unit B (P   =   0.4). The total number of rectal swabs taken showed an 85% decrease in unit A between @entity3 (P   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Targeted screening of 3GC-RE carriers at ICU admission was not associated with an increase in 3GC-RE-related HAI incidence compared with universal screening. Total number of rectal swabs decreased significantly. These findings suggest that targeted screening may be worth assessing as an alternative to universal screening.

title: Targeted screening for third-generation XXXX -resistant Enterobacteriaceae carriage among @entity0 admitted to intensive care units: a quasi-experimental study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Identification of third-generation, @entity4 -resistant Enterobacteriaceae (3GC-RE) carriers by rectal screening at admission seems to be an important step in the prevention of transmission and outbreaks; however, little is known about its effectiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of 'targeted screening' at @entity0 admission to intensive care units (ICUs) on the incidence of 3GC-RE @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and compare it to 'universal screening'. METHODS: We undertook a quasi-experimental study of two ICUs (unit A: intervention group; unit B: control group) at a university-affiliated hospital between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2011. In unit A, @entity0 were screened universally for 3GC-RE at admission during period 1 (1 January 2008 through 30 September 2010). During @entity3 (2011 calendar year), the intervention was implemented in unit A; @entity0 transferred from another unit or hospital were screened selectively. In unit B, all @entity0 were screened throughout @entity3 . 3GC-RE-related HAI incidence rates were expressed per 1,000 @entity0 -days. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were examined by multivariate Poisson regression modelling. RESULTS: In unit A, 3GC-RE-related HAI incidence rates decreased from 5.4 (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.1 to 7.0) during period 1 to 1.3 (95% CI, 0.5 to 2.9) during @entity3 (P   <   0.001). No changes were observed in unit B between @entity3 (P   =   0.5). In unit A, the adjusted incidence of 3GC-RE-related @entity2 decreased in @entity3 compared with period 1 (adjusted @entity5 , 0.3; 95% CI, 0.1 to 0.9; P   =   0.03) independently of temporal trend, @entity1 and age. No changes were seen in unit B (P   =   0.4). The total number of rectal swabs taken showed an 85% decrease in unit A between @entity3 (P   <   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Targeted screening of 3GC-RE carriers at ICU admission was not associated with an increase in 3GC-RE-related HAI incidence compared with universal screening. Total number of rectal swabs decreased significantly. These findings suggest that targeted screening may be worth assessing as an alternative to universal screening.

title: Targeted screening for third-generation @entity4 -resistant Enterobacteriaceae carriage among XXXX admitted to intensive care units: a quasi-experimental study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the local effect and acute @entity3 of irinotecan and capecitabine with concurrent intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for the treatment of recurrent @entity2 without prior pelvic irradiation. METHODS: Seventy-one @entity0 diagnosed with recurrent @entity2 who did not previously receive pelvic irradiation were treated in our hospital from October 2009 to July 2012. Radiotherapy was delivered to the pelvis, and IMRT of 45  Gy (1.8  Gy per fraction), followed by a boost of 10  Gy to 16  Gy (2  Gy per fraction), was delivered to the recurrent sites. The concurrent chemotherapy regimen was 50  mg/m(2) irinotecan weekly and 625  mg/m(2) capecitabine twice daily (Mon-Fri). Radical surgery was recommended for medically fit @entity0 without extra-pelvic @entity1 . The @entity0 were followed up every 3  months. @entity2 response was evaluated using CT/MRIs according to the RECIST criteria or postoperative pathological findings. NCI-CTC 3.0 was used to score the @entity3 . RESULTS: Forty-eight @entity0 (67.6%) had confirmed recurrent @entity2 without extra pelvic @entity1 , and 23 @entity0 (32.4%) had extra pelvic @entity1 . Fourteen @entity0 (19.7%) underwent radical resections (R0) post-chemoradiation. A pathologic complete response was observed in 7 of 14 @entity0 . A clinical complete response was observed in 4 @entity0 (5.6%), and a partial response was observed in 22 @entity0 (31.0%). Only 5 @entity0 (7.0%) showed progressive disease during or shortly after treatment. Of 53 symptomatic @entity0 , clinical complete and partial symptom relief with chemoradiation was achieved in 56.6% and 32.1% of @entity0 , respectively. Only 2 @entity0 (2.8%) experienced grade 4 @entity5 . The most common grade 3 @entity3 was @entity4 (16 [22.5%] @entity0 ). The median follow-up was 31  months. The cumulative local progression-free survival rate was 74.2% and 33.9% at 1 and 3  years after chemoradiation, respectively. The cumulative total survival rate was 80.1% and 36.5% at 1 and 3  years after chemoradiation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study revealed that concurrent irinotecan and capecitabine with IMRT significantly relieves local symptoms and exhibits promising efficacy with manageable @entity3 in recurrent @entity2 without prior pelvic irradiation. Improving the rate of R0 resections will be investigated in a future study.

title: CAPIRI-IMRT: a phase II study of concurrent capecitabine and irinotecan with intensity-modulated radiation therapy for the treatment of recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to describe the effects of antepartum therapy for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) on lifestyle. With the goal of preventing @entity2 in all fetuses without cordocentesis to measure fetal platelets, empiric treatment with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), with or without @entity1 , is recommended. It is hypothesized that these treatments negatively affect @entity0 's lifestyle. This information is needed for pre-conceptual counseling and developing management strategies. METHODS: A survey was mailed to 62 @entity0 treated by one provider from 2005 to 2013 asking if they experienced side effects from IVIG and @entity1 , if their lives were negatively affected, if they would plan another affected pregnancy and if they needed help managing side effects. RESULTS: Three-quarters of 32 respondents reported that the treatments negatively affected their lifestyle. Thirty-one percent of @entity0 would not plan another pregnancy due to their experience and 22% were uncertain. All @entity0 experienced adverse effects and required additional medications or healthcare resources. Ninety-four percent contacted healthcare providers for help managing side effects. CONCLUSION: The significant negative effects on the lifestyle of @entity0 treated for @entity3 emphasizes the need to identify the lowest effective doses and duration of pharmacotherapy and develop management strategies. @entity0 undergoing treatment may need additional healthcare resources, including coordination of care.

title: Effects of antepartum therapy for XXXX on maternal lifestyle.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study investigated the role of microRNA (miR)  -138  -5p in regulating @entity2 migration and sensitivity to chemotherapy in @entity3 . Reverse transcription  -quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT  -qPCR) was used to assess the expression levels of miR  -138  -5p in @entity3 cell lines and @entity2 tissues from @entity0 @entity0 . A lentiviral vector, containing miR  -138  -5p mimics (lv  -miR  -138  -m) or miR  -138  -5p inhibitor (lv  -miR  -138  -i), was used to either upregulate or downregulate the expression levels of miR  -138  -5p in PANC  -1 cells, respectively. The effects of miR  -138  -3p regulation on @entity3 cell migration and sensitivity to chemotherapy were examined. The predicted targeting of miR  -138  -5p on @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was assessed by western blotting in PANC  -1 cells. @entity5 was subsequently downregulated using small interfering (si)RNA to determine its effect on miR  -138  -5p  -modulated @entity3 cell development. The expression levels of miR  -138  -5p were downregulated in @entity3 cell lines and @entity2 tissues. In PANC  -1 cells, lentivirus-mediated upregulation of miR  -138  -5p inhibited @entity1 cell migration and increased cell chemosensitivity to @entity4 ( @entity4 ). By contrast, downregulation of miR  -138  -5p promoted @entity1 cell migration and decreased cell chemosensitivity to 5  -FU. A luciferase assay revealed that @entity5 was a direct target of miR  -138  -5p. Western blotting demonstrated that @entity5 was downregulated upon the upregulation of miR  -138  -5p in PANC  -1 cells. siRNA  -mediated downregulation of @entity5 inhibited @entity3 cell migration in the control and miR  -138  -5p downregulated PANC  -1 cells. The present study demonstrated that miR  -138  -5p is important in regulating @entity3 development, possibly through targeting @entity5 .

title: Upregulation of microRNA  -138  -5p inhibits XXXX cell migration and increases chemotherapy sensitivity.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of intravesical instillations of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and to assess the rate of tolerability, the rate of recurrence of @entity2 and side effects of treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 23 female @entity0 from September 2012 to May 2013, aged 28-42 years. Twenty three @entity0 with a history of @entity2 , received intravesical instillations of @entity3 once weekly for 6 weeks then once monthly for 8 months. RESULTS: In 16 (69.6%) of @entity0 , symptoms of @entity2 resolved after 8 months. In 5 (21.7%) @entity0 after 8 months of @entity3 treatment, urgency was reduced only by 30%. Therefore, it was decided to use combined therapy of @entity3 and alpha blockers in this cohort group. There was a specific reduction (75%) in frequent urination at day and at night without urgency. Despite the use of above mentioned treatment, in 2 (8.7%) @entity0 , @entity2 was still present and therefore the treatment was discontinued. CONCLUSION: The use of @entity3 protects mucosa of urinary bladder and alleviates symptoms of @entity1 . The intra_vesical instillations of @entity3 and combination of @entity3 + alpha blockers seems to be an effective therapeutic alternative in @entity0 with @entity2 ._nbsp.

title: Treatment of Recurrent XXXX by Intravesical Instillations of Hyaluronic Acid.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk classification and prediction of prognosis in @entity2 is still a matter of debate. Data on the impact of age and gender as potential confounding factors are limited. Therefore we comprehensively investigated age and gender as independent risk factors for @entity2 . METHODS: Two independent @entity0 cohorts (cohort I, n   =   87 [<50  years]; cohort II, n   =   125 [>= 50  years]) were extracted from the multicentre Ulmer @entity2 registry including a total of 659 @entity2 @entity0 retrospectively collected in 18 collaborative German oncological centers. Based on demographic and clinicopathological parameters and a median follow-up time of 4.3  years (range 0.56; 21.33) @entity1 ( @entity1 ), disease-free-survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. RESULTS: @entity2 @entity0 older than fifty years showed significantly worse @entity1 compared to younger @entity0 (p   =   0.021; HR   =   0.307, 95% CI [0.113; 0.834]). @entity1 was significantly more favorable in younger female @entity2 @entity0 compared with elderly females (p   =   0.008). Female gender resulted again in better prognosis in younger @entity0 (p   =   0.033). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 age (<50  years) and female gender were significantly associated with a more favourable prognosis in @entity2 . Extended studies are warranted to confirm our clinical results and to elucidate underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

title: Impact of age and gender on tumor related prognosis in @entity2 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Risk classification and prediction of prognosis in @entity2 is still a matter of debate. Data on the impact of age and gender as potential confounding factors are limited. Therefore we comprehensively investigated age and gender as independent risk factors for @entity2 . METHODS: Two independent @entity0 cohorts (cohort I, n   =   87 [<50  years]; cohort II, n   =   125 [>= 50  years]) were extracted from the multicentre Ulmer @entity2 registry including a total of 659 @entity2 @entity0 retrospectively collected in 18 collaborative German oncological centers. Based on demographic and clinicopathological parameters and a median follow-up time of 4.3  years (range 0.56; 21.33) @entity1 ( @entity1 ), disease-free-survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated. RESULTS: @entity2 @entity0 older than fifty years showed significantly worse @entity1 compared to younger @entity0 (p   =   0.021; HR   =   0.307, 95% CI [0.113; 0.834]). @entity1 was significantly more favorable in younger female @entity2 @entity0 compared with elderly females (p   =   0.008). Female gender resulted again in better prognosis in younger @entity0 (p   =   0.033). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 age (<50  years) and female gender were significantly associated with a more favourable prognosis in @entity2 . Extended studies are warranted to confirm our clinical results and to elucidate underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.

title: Impact of age and gender on tumor related prognosis in XXXX ( @entity2 ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: GPs regard @entity2 guidelines as useful yet criticise their limited applicability to the primary care setting. OBJECTIVES: To determine the extent to which @entity0 guidelines contain recommendations that are relevant to GPs and to find out which of the GPs' roles in @entity2 care the recommendations refer to. METHODS: Evidence- and consent-based @entity0 guidelines were searched for in guideline databases and selected guideline providers' web pages, and checked against inclusion and exclusion criteria. Relevant recommendations were identified, extracted and examined. The involvement of GPs in guideline development as well as whether they were named as a target group was further investigated. RESULTS: Of the 65 identified guidelines, 35 were eligible and contained recommendations applicable to GPs. GPs were directly involved in the development of the majority of only @entity0 guidelines and were explicitly named as a target group in fewer than 50% of guidelines. The majority of recommendations dealt with @entity1 -physician communication, with a focus on @entity2 therapy. Rarer procedural recommendations predominantly concentrated on follow-up/survivorship care. Less than one-third of all relevant recommendations concerned diagnosis. Only @entity0 guidelines provided a high number of recommendations on transitions between primary and secondary care. CONCLUSION: Greater consideration of GPs would increase their acceptance of guidelines, promote @entity2 care and clarify responsibilities between @entity2 care providers. The GP's role in @entity2 diagnosis is not appropriately reflected in @entity2 guideline recommendations.

title: Relevance to family practice of English-language guidelines on XXXX : a review.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Sexually experienced male CFHB @entity0 , castrated and implanted with @entity1 , were chronically treated with @entity2 (ca. 5 mg/kg/day). Twice-weekly tests of sexual behaviour showed a significant elevation of both mount latency and ejaculation latency, and suppression of mounting rate after 2-3 weeks of treatment. The number of mounts and intromissions before ejaculation was increased on some tests by @entity2 . Experienced male WAG @entity0 , also castrated and @entity1 implanted, received three pituitary grafts under the kidney capsule. An increase in ejaculation latency was seen during the first week and then again several weeks after grafting, though implantation of non-endocrine tissue (muscle) into the controls may also have affected behaviour. Both treatments elevated serum @entity3 levels, @entity2 much more substantially than pituitary grafts. Serum @entity1 levels were sustained within the normal intact range by the implants. The weights of the seminal vesicles, ventral prostate and adrenal glands were not significantly altered by either treatment. These experiments show that @entity4 induced by two independent methods can retard sexual behaviour in male @entity0 .

title: Impaired copulatory behaviour of male @entity0 with XXXX induced by @entity2 or pituitary grafts.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Sexually experienced male CFHB @entity0 , castrated and implanted with @entity1 , were chronically treated with @entity2 (ca. 5 mg/kg/day). Twice-weekly tests of sexual behaviour showed a significant elevation of both mount latency and ejaculation latency, and suppression of mounting rate after 2-3 weeks of treatment. The number of mounts and intromissions before ejaculation was increased on some tests by @entity2 . Experienced male WAG @entity0 , also castrated and @entity1 implanted, received three pituitary grafts under the kidney capsule. An increase in ejaculation latency was seen during the first week and then again several weeks after grafting, though implantation of non-endocrine tissue (muscle) into the controls may also have affected behaviour. Both treatments elevated serum @entity3 levels, @entity2 much more substantially than pituitary grafts. Serum @entity1 levels were sustained within the normal intact range by the implants. The weights of the seminal vesicles, ventral prostate and adrenal glands were not significantly altered by either treatment. These experiments show that @entity4 induced by two independent methods can retard sexual behaviour in male @entity0 .

title: Impaired copulatory behaviour of male @entity0 with @entity4 induced by XXXX or pituitary grafts.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Sexually experienced male CFHB @entity0 , castrated and implanted with @entity1 , were chronically treated with @entity2 (ca. 5 mg/kg/day). Twice-weekly tests of sexual behaviour showed a significant elevation of both mount latency and ejaculation latency, and suppression of mounting rate after 2-3 weeks of treatment. The number of mounts and intromissions before ejaculation was increased on some tests by @entity2 . Experienced male WAG @entity0 , also castrated and @entity1 implanted, received three pituitary grafts under the kidney capsule. An increase in ejaculation latency was seen during the first week and then again several weeks after grafting, though implantation of non-endocrine tissue (muscle) into the controls may also have affected behaviour. Both treatments elevated serum @entity3 levels, @entity2 much more substantially than pituitary grafts. Serum @entity1 levels were sustained within the normal intact range by the implants. The weights of the seminal vesicles, ventral prostate and adrenal glands were not significantly altered by either treatment. These experiments show that @entity4 induced by two independent methods can retard sexual behaviour in male @entity0 .

title: Impaired copulatory behaviour of male XXXX with @entity4 induced by @entity2 or pituitary grafts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Bacterial skin and skin-structure infections (SSSIs) are frequent settings for antibiotic use. We surveyed their UK aetiology and pathogen susceptibility, including susceptibility to @entity7 . METHODS: Consecutive SSSI isolates were collected at 35 UK hospitals, to a maximum of 60/site, together with 15 'supplementary' @entity1 /site. Isolates were re-identified and BSAC susceptibility testing was performed, with parallel CLSI agar testing for @entity7 . RESULTS: Isolates (n=1908) were collected from 1756 hospitalized @entity0 , predominantly with surgical and traumatic infections, abscesses and infected @entity4 and largely from general medicine and general surgery @entity0 . They included 1271 @entity1 (201 @entity1 ), 162 b-haemolytic streptococci, 269 Enterobacteriaceae, 138 @entity2 and 37 enterococci. Most (944/1756) @entity0 had monomicrobial MSSA infections. Rates of resistance to @entity6 , @entity3 and @entity5 were <20% in Enterobacteriaceae and <10% in @entity2 . @entity1 rates varied greatly among hospitals and were 2.5-fold higher in general medicine than in general surgery @entity0 . At breakpoint, @entity7 inhibited: (i) all MSSA and 97.6% of @entity1 , with MICs of 2 mg/L for the few resistant @entity1 ; (ii) all b-haemolytic streptococci; and (iii) 83% of Enterobacteriaceae. High-level @entity7 resistance in Enterobacteriaceae involved ESBLs or AmpC enzymes. @entity7 MICs by CLSI methodology generally equalled those by BSAC or were 2-fold higher, but this differential was 4-16-fold for @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Irrespective of @entity0 group, SSSIs were dominated by @entity1 . Most pathogens were susceptible, but 15.8% of @entity1 were @entity1 , with locally higher prevalence.

title: Pathogens of skin and skin-structure infections in the UK and their susceptibility to antibiotics, including XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 relate the @entity6 with either @entity2 but there might be some other reasons responsible for the ailment of @entity0 that do not have such a background. The present study explains the chronic effect of heavy toxic metals on nervous system. During experimentation, @entity3 used as laboratory animals, were given test metals in their diet. Concentration of metals given to them in the diet was less than their tolerable dietary intake. Behavioral changes were observed during experimentation. Periodic increase in the metal concentration was seen in the blood sample of @entity3 . They were slaughtered after a period of eight months of slow @entity9 . Histological examination of brain tissues was performed. The brain samples were analyzed by Atomic absorption spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry to find the retention of heavy metals in @entity0 brain. Concentration of lead, @entity4 and @entity8 in the blood samples of occupationally exposed @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity1 at the time of neurosurgery was determined by using the same techniques. During circulation, toxic metals passes through the nerve capillaries to settle down in the brain. Heavy metals cross the blood brain barrier and 'may retain themselves in it. @entity5 and biopsy samples of @entity0 with @entity1 were also analyzed to relate @entity7 and heavy metal @entity9 . Results obtained shows that lead, @entity4 and @entity8 retain themselves in the brain for longer period of time and are one of the causes of @entity7 .

title: Report: Central nervous system (CNS) toxicity caused by metal XXXX : Brain as a target organ.

answer: @entity9


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Regeneration after surgery can be improved by the administration of anabolic growth factors. However, to locally maintain these factors at the site of regeneration is problematic. The aim of this study was to develop a matrix system containing @entity0 mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) which can be applied to the surgical site and allows the secretion of endogenous healing factors from the cells. @entity1 alginate gels were prepared by a combination of internal and external gelation. The gelling behaviour, mechanical stability, surface adhesive properties and injectability of the gels were investigated. The permeability of the gels for growth factors was analysed using bovine serum albumin and @entity3 as model proteins. @entity0 MSCs were isolated, cultivated and seeded into the alginate gels. Cell viability was determined by @entity5 assay and fluorescence microscopy. The release of @entity0 @entity4 from the cells was determined using an enzyme-linked immunoassay. Gels with sufficient mechanical properties were prepared which remained injectable through a syringe and solidified in a sufficient time frame after application. Surface adhesion was improved by the addition of @entity2 300,000 and hyaluronic acid. @entity0 MSCs remained viable for the duration of 6 weeks within the gels. @entity0 @entity4 was found in quantifiable concentrations in cell culture supernatants of gels loaded with MSCs and incubated for a period of 6 weeks. This work shows that @entity1 alginate gels can function as immobilization matrices for @entity0 MSCs.

title: XXXX Alginate Gels as Stem Cell Matrix - Making Paracrine Stem Cell Activity Available for Enhanced Healing after Surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The pathologic liver changes in chronic @entity5 have been characterized mostly based on autopsy series and include @entity3 and @entity3 progressing to pericellular @entity1 , bridging @entity1 , and ultimately to @entity2 or @entity7 . Liver biopsies are commonly obtained as part of the work up before heart transplantation in @entity0 with longstanding @entity5 , particularly if @entity6 , @entity4 tests or abnormal abdominal imaging are noted as part of the pre-transplant evaluation. In these cases, the liver biopsy findings may be used to further risk stratify @entity0 for isolated heart or combined heart and liver transplantation. Thus, it is important to be able to correlate the histologic changes with post-transplant outcomes. We report the pathologic and clinical findings in liver explants from six @entity0 who underwent combined heart-liver transplantation. We also report preoperative liver biopsy findings from 21 @entity0 who underwent heart transplantation without simultaneous liver transplantation. We staged the changes related to @entity3 as follows: stage 0-no @entity1 ; stage I-pericellular @entity1 ; stage II-bridging @entity1 ; and stage III-regenerative nodules. Nineteen biopsies showed @entity1 with bridging @entity1 in 13 and regenerative nodules in 6. Fifteen @entity0 were alive at 1 year post transplant. Only three @entity0 had a post-operative course that was characterized by signs and symptoms of @entity4 . Pre-transplant liver biopsies from these @entity0 all showed at least stage II @entity1 . These @entity0 survived for 3, 6, and 10 months after cardiac transplant. The presence of bridging @entity1 was not significantly associated with post-operative survival (P=0.336) or post-operative @entity8 (P=0.257). We conclude that @entity0 with bridging @entity1 may still be considered viable candidates for isolated heart transplantation. Because the pattern of @entity1 due to passive @entity3 is highly variable throughout the liver, a diagnosis of @entity1 , which implies @entity1 and regenerative nodules throughout the liver, should be made with great caution on biopsy.

title: The liver in XXXX : a biopsy and explant series of the histopathologic and laboratory findings with a particular focus on pre-cardiac transplant evaluation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Energy drinks are popular mixers with @entity2 . While energy drinks contain many ingredients, @entity5 is an important pharmacologically active component and is generally present in larger amounts than in other caffeinated beverages. In these studies, we investigated the hypothesis that @entity5 would influence the effects of @entity2 ( @entity3 [ @entity1 ]) on conditioned taste aversion (CTA), @entity4 , and locomotor activity (LA) after repeated exposure. METHODS: Four groups of @entity0 were exposed by oral gavage twice daily to vehicle, @entity1 (4  g/kg), @entity5 (15  mg/kg), or the @entity1 / @entity5 combination. CTA to @entity6 and @entity4 in the parallel rod task was evaluated after 8 or 16 gavages, respectively, using @entity1 (1 to 3  g/kg) or @entity1 / @entity5 (3  mg/kg  +  2  g/kg) challenges. In addition, LA was evaluated initially and after repeated exposure to oral gavage of these drugs and doses. RESULTS: Repeated oral gavage of @entity1 produced significant locomotor sensitization, with those @entity0 increasing total distance traveled by 2-fold. The locomotor response to @entity5 , while significantly greater than vehicle gavage, did not change with repeated exposure. On the other hand, repeated gavage of @entity5 / @entity1 combination produced a substantial increase in total distance traveled after repeated exposure (~4-fold increase). After repeated @entity1 exposure, there was significant tolerance to @entity1 in the CTA and parallel rod tests. However, neither a history of @entity5 exposure nor including @entity5 influenced @entity1 -induced CTA. Interestingly, a history of @entity5 exposure increased the ataxic response to the @entity5 / @entity1 combination and appeared to reduce the ataxic response to high doses of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The data support the general hypothesis that repeated exposure to @entity5 influences the response to @entity1 . Together with previously published work, these data indicate that @entity5 influences some @entity1 -related behaviors, notably locomotion and @entity4 , but appears not to influence the expression of conditioned behaviors.

title: Sensitization and Tolerance Following Repeated Exposure to @entity5 and XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Energy drinks are popular mixers with @entity2 . While energy drinks contain many ingredients, @entity5 is an important pharmacologically active component and is generally present in larger amounts than in other caffeinated beverages. In these studies, we investigated the hypothesis that @entity5 would influence the effects of @entity2 ( @entity3 [ @entity1 ]) on conditioned taste aversion (CTA), @entity4 , and locomotor activity (LA) after repeated exposure. METHODS: Four groups of @entity0 were exposed by oral gavage twice daily to vehicle, @entity1 (4  g/kg), @entity5 (15  mg/kg), or the @entity1 / @entity5 combination. CTA to @entity6 and @entity4 in the parallel rod task was evaluated after 8 or 16 gavages, respectively, using @entity1 (1 to 3  g/kg) or @entity1 / @entity5 (3  mg/kg  +  2  g/kg) challenges. In addition, LA was evaluated initially and after repeated exposure to oral gavage of these drugs and doses. RESULTS: Repeated oral gavage of @entity1 produced significant locomotor sensitization, with those @entity0 increasing total distance traveled by 2-fold. The locomotor response to @entity5 , while significantly greater than vehicle gavage, did not change with repeated exposure. On the other hand, repeated gavage of @entity5 / @entity1 combination produced a substantial increase in total distance traveled after repeated exposure (~4-fold increase). After repeated @entity1 exposure, there was significant tolerance to @entity1 in the CTA and parallel rod tests. However, neither a history of @entity5 exposure nor including @entity5 influenced @entity1 -induced CTA. Interestingly, a history of @entity5 exposure increased the ataxic response to the @entity5 / @entity1 combination and appeared to reduce the ataxic response to high doses of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The data support the general hypothesis that repeated exposure to @entity5 influences the response to @entity1 . Together with previously published work, these data indicate that @entity5 influences some @entity1 -related behaviors, notably locomotion and @entity4 , but appears not to influence the expression of conditioned behaviors.

title: Sensitization and Tolerance Following Repeated Exposure to XXXX and @entity2 in @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Energy drinks are popular mixers with @entity2 . While energy drinks contain many ingredients, @entity5 is an important pharmacologically active component and is generally present in larger amounts than in other caffeinated beverages. In these studies, we investigated the hypothesis that @entity5 would influence the effects of @entity2 ( @entity3 [ @entity1 ]) on conditioned taste aversion (CTA), @entity4 , and locomotor activity (LA) after repeated exposure. METHODS: Four groups of @entity0 were exposed by oral gavage twice daily to vehicle, @entity1 (4  g/kg), @entity5 (15  mg/kg), or the @entity1 / @entity5 combination. CTA to @entity6 and @entity4 in the parallel rod task was evaluated after 8 or 16 gavages, respectively, using @entity1 (1 to 3  g/kg) or @entity1 / @entity5 (3  mg/kg  +  2  g/kg) challenges. In addition, LA was evaluated initially and after repeated exposure to oral gavage of these drugs and doses. RESULTS: Repeated oral gavage of @entity1 produced significant locomotor sensitization, with those @entity0 increasing total distance traveled by 2-fold. The locomotor response to @entity5 , while significantly greater than vehicle gavage, did not change with repeated exposure. On the other hand, repeated gavage of @entity5 / @entity1 combination produced a substantial increase in total distance traveled after repeated exposure (~4-fold increase). After repeated @entity1 exposure, there was significant tolerance to @entity1 in the CTA and parallel rod tests. However, neither a history of @entity5 exposure nor including @entity5 influenced @entity1 -induced CTA. Interestingly, a history of @entity5 exposure increased the ataxic response to the @entity5 / @entity1 combination and appeared to reduce the ataxic response to high doses of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The data support the general hypothesis that repeated exposure to @entity5 influences the response to @entity1 . Together with previously published work, these data indicate that @entity5 influences some @entity1 -related behaviors, notably locomotion and @entity4 , but appears not to influence the expression of conditioned behaviors.

title: Sensitization and Tolerance Following Repeated Exposure to @entity5 and @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to assess the frequency, cause, and time course of @entity1 after @entity2 ( @entity2 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the surgical database revealed that 1789 @entity0 underwent @entity2 procedures during the 8-year study period. A radiologic database review indicated that 80 of the 1789 @entity0 underwent radiologic evaluation for the assessment of @entity1 after @entity2 . Three @entity0 were excluded from the study because they had a history of @entity1 before @entity2 , and three additional @entity0 were excluded because they had more recently undergone Nissen fundoplication, intubation, and radiation therapy, respectively. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) studies and esophagrams of the 74 remaining @entity0 were collected and analyzed to determine the cause of @entity1 and time course of @entity1 onset after surgery. RESULTS: @entity1 was evaluated radiologically in 74 of the 1789 @entity2 @entity0 (4.1%) using video @entity1 studies (n = 66) and esophagography (n = 26). @entity0 underwent radiologic evaluation from 1 to 1150 days after surgery (mean, 120 days after surgery); 76% of the @entity0 presented more than 2 weeks after surgery. The location of the @entity2 in the study group was the upper, mid, and lower cervical spine in 5.4% (n = 4), 55.4% (n = 41), and 39.2% (n = 29) of @entity0 , respectively. Soft-tissue swelling with displacement of the pharynx or esophagus was identified in 91% of @entity0 (n = 67). More serious complications of @entity2 that resulted in @entity1 included surgical hardware displacement or bone graft displacement (n = 18), esophageal perforation (n = 3), and a retropharyngeal abscess (n = 3). Pharyngeal functional abnormalities were detected in 50 @entity0 , with penetration, aspiration, or both seen in 32. CONCLUSION: @entity1 is an underrecognized but significant complication of @entity2 . After @entity2 , 4.1% of @entity0 presented for radiologic evaluation of @entity1 . Although @entity2 procedures are most frequently performed in the lower cervical spine, @entity1 is a more common clinical problem after @entity2 in the mid cervical spine. Radiologic examinations should be specifically tailored to evaluate @entity2 @entity0 .

title: XXXX Secondary to Anterior Cervical Fusion: Radiologic Evaluation and Findings in 74 @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of our study was to assess the frequency, cause, and time course of @entity1 after @entity2 ( @entity2 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the surgical database revealed that 1789 @entity0 underwent @entity2 procedures during the 8-year study period. A radiologic database review indicated that 80 of the 1789 @entity0 underwent radiologic evaluation for the assessment of @entity1 after @entity2 . Three @entity0 were excluded from the study because they had a history of @entity1 before @entity2 , and three additional @entity0 were excluded because they had more recently undergone Nissen fundoplication, intubation, and radiation therapy, respectively. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) studies and esophagrams of the 74 remaining @entity0 were collected and analyzed to determine the cause of @entity1 and time course of @entity1 onset after surgery. RESULTS: @entity1 was evaluated radiologically in 74 of the 1789 @entity2 @entity0 (4.1%) using video @entity1 studies (n = 66) and esophagography (n = 26). @entity0 underwent radiologic evaluation from 1 to 1150 days after surgery (mean, 120 days after surgery); 76% of the @entity0 presented more than 2 weeks after surgery. The location of the @entity2 in the study group was the upper, mid, and lower cervical spine in 5.4% (n = 4), 55.4% (n = 41), and 39.2% (n = 29) of @entity0 , respectively. Soft-tissue swelling with displacement of the pharynx or esophagus was identified in 91% of @entity0 (n = 67). More serious complications of @entity2 that resulted in @entity1 included surgical hardware displacement or bone graft displacement (n = 18), esophageal perforation (n = 3), and a retropharyngeal abscess (n = 3). Pharyngeal functional abnormalities were detected in 50 @entity0 , with penetration, aspiration, or both seen in 32. CONCLUSION: @entity1 is an underrecognized but significant complication of @entity2 . After @entity2 , 4.1% of @entity0 presented for radiologic evaluation of @entity1 . Although @entity2 procedures are most frequently performed in the lower cervical spine, @entity1 is a more common clinical problem after @entity2 in the mid cervical spine. Radiologic examinations should be specifically tailored to evaluate @entity2 @entity0 .

title: @entity1 Secondary to Anterior Cervical Fusion: Radiologic Evaluation and Findings in 74 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Five cases of @entity12 from @entity5 (SDH-AR) are described and other 39 reported cases are reviewed. The average age of the @entity0 is 59 and male to female ratio is 2:1. Fifty two percent of the @entity0 have history of recent @entity7 most of which are trivial. A very few @entity0 have @entity9 . Approximately half of the @entity0 with history of @entity7 have long lucid interval (average of 7 days). Those @entity0 without history of @entity7 have spontaneous onset of the symptoms and some of the have acute onset of @entity1 and @entity9 , simulating @entity2 . Natural history of the SDH-AR is progressing deterioration of the symptoms, resulting in @entity8 and @entity4 . Skull fracture is seldom demonstrated in the @entity0 with SDH-AR. Angiography shows and extracerebral avascular mass over the cerebral convexity with marked midline shift. In 3 cases including our 2 cases, extravasation of the contrast medium from the cortical artery is observed and this is a useful finding for making diagnosis of this disease. Computerized tomography reveals high density extracerebral mass with remarkable mass effect. Craniotomy discloses subdural clot and spurting @entity5 from a branch of the cortical artery around the Sylvian fissure. In some cases, @entity6 is observed but in none of the cases, cerebral contusion or laceration is present. It is presumed that the mechanism of the @entity5 is gliding movement of the brain within the skull upon injury, tearing an arterial twig with dural attachment. @entity3 , @entity13 and @entity10 may be important contributing factors to this mechanism. @entity11 caused by closed @entity7 is also associated with this mechanism and may explain delayed sudden onset of the symptoms in some @entity0 with SDH-AR.

title: [Subdural hematoma from @entity5 -mechanism of XXXX in minor @entity7 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Five cases of @entity12 from @entity5 (SDH-AR) are described and other 39 reported cases are reviewed. The average age of the @entity0 is 59 and male to female ratio is 2:1. Fifty two percent of the @entity0 have history of recent @entity7 most of which are trivial. A very few @entity0 have @entity9 . Approximately half of the @entity0 with history of @entity7 have long lucid interval (average of 7 days). Those @entity0 without history of @entity7 have spontaneous onset of the symptoms and some of the have acute onset of @entity1 and @entity9 , simulating @entity2 . Natural history of the SDH-AR is progressing deterioration of the symptoms, resulting in @entity8 and @entity4 . Skull fracture is seldom demonstrated in the @entity0 with SDH-AR. Angiography shows and extracerebral avascular mass over the cerebral convexity with marked midline shift. In 3 cases including our 2 cases, extravasation of the contrast medium from the cortical artery is observed and this is a useful finding for making diagnosis of this disease. Computerized tomography reveals high density extracerebral mass with remarkable mass effect. Craniotomy discloses subdural clot and spurting @entity5 from a branch of the cortical artery around the Sylvian fissure. In some cases, @entity6 is observed but in none of the cases, cerebral contusion or laceration is present. It is presumed that the mechanism of the @entity5 is gliding movement of the brain within the skull upon injury, tearing an arterial twig with dural attachment. @entity3 , @entity13 and @entity10 may be important contributing factors to this mechanism. @entity11 caused by closed @entity7 is also associated with this mechanism and may explain delayed sudden onset of the symptoms in some @entity0 with SDH-AR.

title: [Subdural hematoma from XXXX -mechanism of @entity5 in minor @entity7 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Five cases of @entity12 from @entity5 (SDH-AR) are described and other 39 reported cases are reviewed. The average age of the @entity0 is 59 and male to female ratio is 2:1. Fifty two percent of the @entity0 have history of recent @entity7 most of which are trivial. A very few @entity0 have @entity9 . Approximately half of the @entity0 with history of @entity7 have long lucid interval (average of 7 days). Those @entity0 without history of @entity7 have spontaneous onset of the symptoms and some of the have acute onset of @entity1 and @entity9 , simulating @entity2 . Natural history of the SDH-AR is progressing deterioration of the symptoms, resulting in @entity8 and @entity4 . Skull fracture is seldom demonstrated in the @entity0 with SDH-AR. Angiography shows and extracerebral avascular mass over the cerebral convexity with marked midline shift. In 3 cases including our 2 cases, extravasation of the contrast medium from the cortical artery is observed and this is a useful finding for making diagnosis of this disease. Computerized tomography reveals high density extracerebral mass with remarkable mass effect. Craniotomy discloses subdural clot and spurting @entity5 from a branch of the cortical artery around the Sylvian fissure. In some cases, @entity6 is observed but in none of the cases, cerebral contusion or laceration is present. It is presumed that the mechanism of the @entity5 is gliding movement of the brain within the skull upon injury, tearing an arterial twig with dural attachment. @entity3 , @entity13 and @entity10 may be important contributing factors to this mechanism. @entity11 caused by closed @entity7 is also associated with this mechanism and may explain delayed sudden onset of the symptoms in some @entity0 with SDH-AR.

title: [Subdural hematoma from @entity5 -mechanism of @entity5 in minor XXXX ].

answer: @entity7