abstract: PURPOSE: Previous studies have shown that angiotensin peptides stimulate the proliferation of hematopoietic progenitors in vitro, promote survival after exposure to lethal irradiation as well as accelerate the recovery of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), i.e., lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils, and platelets. These changes in the level of formed elements in the blood after irradiation was thought to be due to increases in the numbers of bone marrow progenitors including myeloid, erythroid and megakaryocyte progenitors by the action of angiotensin peptides. In view of these findings, the effect of angiotensin peptides on recovery after chemotherapy was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The effect of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and angiotensin(1-7) (A1-7) on the recovery of @entity4 and platelets in the blood, as well as the number of myeloid, erythroid and megakaryocyte progenitors in the bone marrow and the number of myeloid progenitors in the blood after intravenous administration of chemotherapeutic drugs was assessed in a @entity0 model. RESULTS. In initial studies, subcutaneous administration of 10 or 100 microg/kg per day of @entity5 starting either 2 days before or 2 days after intravenous administration of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) accelerated @entity4 recovery (return to baseline between 7 and 14 days). Further, consistent with previous observations, the number of myeloid progenitors in the bone marrow and blood was increased after systemic administration of angiotensin peptides. The comparability of A(1-7) and @entity5 in their effect on hematopoietic recovery after chemotherapy was shown in subsequent studies. Daily administration of both @entity5 and A(1-7) @entity2 in the peripheral blood and myeloid, erythroid and megakaryocyte progenitors in the bone marrow. As 5FU is not a stem cell toxin, these studies were repeated with administration of A(1-7) initiated before or after intravenous @entity1 . Following treatment with A(1-7) before @entity1 the numbers of circulating @entity4 initially increased and then decreased starting on day 14. Following treatment with A(1-7) 2 days after @entity1 the numbers of @entity4 and the numbers of myeloid progenitors increased in the peripheral blood and bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that angiotensin peptides accelerate hematopoietic recovery in multiple cellular lineages after chemotherapy, perhaps through an increase in the number of early hematopoietic progenitors.

title: Effect of XXXX and angiotensin(1-7) on hematopoietic recovery after intravenous chemotherapy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: A report is presented of 93 @entity0 referred for specialist management of @entity4 in the 5-year period 1973-1978. Penetrating @entity2 to the thorax had been sustained by 18 @entity0 and blunt @entity2 by 75. Falls and traffic accidents were the most common causes (32 and 35 cases). @entity3 were the most frequent lesions, and 10 of these 67 @entity0 had flail chest. Hemothorax and/or pneumothorax were found in four-fifths of the @entity0 . The diaphragm was torn in five cases. Three had lesions of the heart and/or pericardium and one @entity0 had a @entity1 . Closed pleural drainage was the most commonly used treatment. Thoracotomy was performed in 10 of the 93 @entity0 . The mortality rate in the series (10%) agreed with findings from other, similar studies.

title: XXXX . A review of 93 cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of @entity6 ( @entity9 ) on @entity0 @entity2 MOLT-4 cells and @entity8 -expressing @entity7 -resistant MOLT-4 (MOLT-4/DNR) cells. METHODS: Cell growth was measured by an @entity1 assay. Cell viability was determined by a dye exclusion test. The level of @entity8 expression was estimated using @entity10 -conjugated anti- @entity8 monoclonal antibody 17F9. The function of @entity8 was evaluated in terms of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) efflux. The percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry after staining with annexin V- @entity4 and @entity3 . RESULTS: @entity9 inhibited the growth and survival of MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/DNR cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The 50% inhibitory concentrations of @entity9 (IC(50)) against the growth of these cell lines were 5.1 micromol/l and 5.0 micromol/l, respectively, when the cells were treated with @entity9 for 96 h. @entity9 induced an apoptotic morphology in both MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/DNR cell lines. These effects of @entity9 were time- and dose-dependent when the two cell lines were incubated in the presence of 1-8 micromol/l of @entity9 for 3-144 h. @entity9 treatment for 3 to 24 h at 5.0 micromol/l did not change the percentage of @entity8 -expressing cells or the efflux ability of MOLT-4/DNR cells. CONCLUSION: @entity9 inhibited growth and induced apoptosis equally in MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/DNR cells, and this suppressive effect did not influence @entity8 expression or function in MOLT-4/DNR cells.

title: @entity6 induces apoptosis equally in XXXX MOLT-4 cells and @entity8 -expressing @entity7 -resistant MOLT-4 cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of @entity6 ( @entity9 ) on @entity0 @entity2 MOLT-4 cells and @entity8 -expressing @entity7 -resistant MOLT-4 (MOLT-4/DNR) cells. METHODS: Cell growth was measured by an @entity1 assay. Cell viability was determined by a dye exclusion test. The level of @entity8 expression was estimated using @entity10 -conjugated anti- @entity8 monoclonal antibody 17F9. The function of @entity8 was evaluated in terms of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) efflux. The percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry after staining with annexin V- @entity4 and @entity3 . RESULTS: @entity9 inhibited the growth and survival of MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/DNR cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The 50% inhibitory concentrations of @entity9 (IC(50)) against the growth of these cell lines were 5.1 micromol/l and 5.0 micromol/l, respectively, when the cells were treated with @entity9 for 96 h. @entity9 induced an apoptotic morphology in both MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/DNR cell lines. These effects of @entity9 were time- and dose-dependent when the two cell lines were incubated in the presence of 1-8 micromol/l of @entity9 for 3-144 h. @entity9 treatment for 3 to 24 h at 5.0 micromol/l did not change the percentage of @entity8 -expressing cells or the efflux ability of MOLT-4/DNR cells. CONCLUSION: @entity9 inhibited growth and induced apoptosis equally in MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/DNR cells, and this suppressive effect did not influence @entity8 expression or function in MOLT-4/DNR cells.

title: XXXX induces apoptosis equally in @entity2 MOLT-4 cells and @entity8 -expressing @entity7 -resistant MOLT-4 cells.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of @entity6 ( @entity9 ) on @entity0 @entity2 MOLT-4 cells and @entity8 -expressing @entity7 -resistant MOLT-4 (MOLT-4/DNR) cells. METHODS: Cell growth was measured by an @entity1 assay. Cell viability was determined by a dye exclusion test. The level of @entity8 expression was estimated using @entity10 -conjugated anti- @entity8 monoclonal antibody 17F9. The function of @entity8 was evaluated in terms of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) efflux. The percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry after staining with annexin V- @entity4 and @entity3 . RESULTS: @entity9 inhibited the growth and survival of MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/DNR cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The 50% inhibitory concentrations of @entity9 (IC(50)) against the growth of these cell lines were 5.1 micromol/l and 5.0 micromol/l, respectively, when the cells were treated with @entity9 for 96 h. @entity9 induced an apoptotic morphology in both MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/DNR cell lines. These effects of @entity9 were time- and dose-dependent when the two cell lines were incubated in the presence of 1-8 micromol/l of @entity9 for 3-144 h. @entity9 treatment for 3 to 24 h at 5.0 micromol/l did not change the percentage of @entity8 -expressing cells or the efflux ability of MOLT-4/DNR cells. CONCLUSION: @entity9 inhibited growth and induced apoptosis equally in MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/DNR cells, and this suppressive effect did not influence @entity8 expression or function in MOLT-4/DNR cells.

title: @entity6 induces apoptosis equally in @entity2 MOLT-4 cells and @entity8 -expressing XXXX -resistant MOLT-4 cells.

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effects of @entity6 ( @entity9 ) on @entity0 @entity2 MOLT-4 cells and @entity8 -expressing @entity7 -resistant MOLT-4 (MOLT-4/DNR) cells. METHODS: Cell growth was measured by an @entity1 assay. Cell viability was determined by a dye exclusion test. The level of @entity8 expression was estimated using @entity10 -conjugated anti- @entity8 monoclonal antibody 17F9. The function of @entity8 was evaluated in terms of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) efflux. The percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry after staining with annexin V- @entity4 and @entity3 . RESULTS: @entity9 inhibited the growth and survival of MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/DNR cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The 50% inhibitory concentrations of @entity9 (IC(50)) against the growth of these cell lines were 5.1 micromol/l and 5.0 micromol/l, respectively, when the cells were treated with @entity9 for 96 h. @entity9 induced an apoptotic morphology in both MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/DNR cell lines. These effects of @entity9 were time- and dose-dependent when the two cell lines were incubated in the presence of 1-8 micromol/l of @entity9 for 3-144 h. @entity9 treatment for 3 to 24 h at 5.0 micromol/l did not change the percentage of @entity8 -expressing cells or the efflux ability of MOLT-4/DNR cells. CONCLUSION: @entity9 inhibited growth and induced apoptosis equally in MOLT-4 and MOLT-4/DNR cells, and this suppressive effect did not influence @entity8 expression or function in MOLT-4/DNR cells.

title: @entity6 induces apoptosis equally in @entity2 MOLT-4 cells and XXXX -expressing @entity7 -resistant MOLT-4 cells.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Chest wall compartment kinematics and respiratory muscle coordinate activity, during either @entity3 or @entity2 , have not been comparatively assessed in healthy @entity0 . We assessed the displacement volume of the chest wall (Vcw) in 5 normal subjects during @entity2 -normocapnic and hypercapnic-hyperoxic rebreathing by using linearized magnetometers. Vcw was divided into displacement volumes of the rib cage (Vrc) and the abdomen (Vab). Esophageal (Pes) and gastric ( @entity4 ) pressures were simultaneously recorded and transdiaphragmatic pressure ( @entity5 ) was calculated by subtracting Pes from Pga. Pressure swings (sw) from end expiration (EE) to end inspiration (EI) were also calculated. During both @entity2 and @entity3 , from quiet breathing to 40 L/min VE, Vrc,EI increased consistently but Vrc,EE, and Vab,EI did not. Moreover, Vab,EE decreased significantly during @entity3 and remained unchanged during @entity2 . PesEI decreased (more negative values) and PesEE increased (less negative values) during either stimulus, while PgaEE increased with @entity3 . Pdisw, calculated as the difference between PdiEE and PdiEI, increased significantly with both @entity3 and @entity2 ( p = 0.002 for both). On the plot of Pes vs Pga, the slope of a line from end expiratory to end inspiratory lung volume between 20 and 40 L/min VE progressively increased during @entity3 indicating increasing @entity1 ( @entity1 ) contribution to inspiratory pressure swings relative to the diaphragm. From these results we conclude that in healthy @entity0 : (i) with both chemical stimuli @entity1 contribution accounts for increase in Vrc displacement; (ii) with @entity3 , the decrease in Vab,EE displacement indicates abdominal muscle (ABM) contribution to tidal volume; (iii) @entity1 and ABM assist the diaphragmatic function during hypercapnic stimulation.

title: Chest wall kinematics during chemically stimulated breathing in healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: During the period of November 1976 through October 1984, we have treated 46 @entity0 with @entity2 at the confluence of the major hepatic ducts. Curative resection of the @entity1 (where no @entity2 cells at the margin of the resected portion were found macroscopically and microscopially), was performed upon ten @entity0 , palliative resections were done in 11, palliative resection and intraoperative radiotherapy (IOR) in ten, bile duct drainage and IOR in three, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangiodrainage in 12. Among the ten @entity0 who underwent curative operation, five are living six to 104 months after operation while the remaining five died four to 72 months postoperatively. Of the 11 @entity0 who underwent palliative resection, five are alive two to 22 months after operation and six died between four and 20 months after operation. For the ten @entity0 with @entity2 in the advanced stages, palliative resection with IOR was performed. Eight @entity0 died 20 days to 16 months after operation while two @entity0 are alive 13 and 14 months after the procedure. Of the three @entity0 who underwent drainage of the bile duct and IOR, two died three months after operation and one @entity0 survived 34 months. Twelve @entity0 underwent drainage of the bile duct only and all died after 13 months. To perform a curative operation for @entity2 located at the confluence of major hepatic ducts, it is necessary to resect the right or left lobe, including the caudate lobe, in many instances. For the @entity0 with @entity2 in the advanced stages, the possibility of long term survival period after operation exists through the use of the combined techniques of IOR and palliative resection of the @entity1 .

title: Surgical treatment for XXXX at the confluence of the major hepatic ducts.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of age on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of @entity3 . STUDY DESIGN: This was an open-label, randomised, 3 x 3 crossover study with 4 study days, separated by washout periods of 7 days. SUBJECTS: Subjects comprised 6 healthy young @entity0 (aged 20-27 years) and 12 healthy older @entity0 and @entity0 (aged 56-70 years). METHODS: All subjects received a 2mg intravenous infusion of @entity2 over 10 minutes followed, in randomised sequence, by a 20 mg immediate-release tablet of @entity3 with breakfast, a 20 mg immediate-release tablet of @entity3 while fasting, and a 7.5 mg subcutaneous injection of @entity3 . The primary variables were the plasma concentration of @entity2 , the active form of @entity3 , and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), an ex vivo coagulation time measurement used to demonstrate inhibition of @entity1 . RESULTS: After oral and subcutaneous administration, @entity3 was rapidly absorbed and biotransformed to @entity2 , its active form and the dominant compound in plasma. The metabolite pattern in plasma and urine was similar in young and older subjects after both oral and subcutaneous administration of @entity3 clearance of @entity2 was correlated with renal function, resulting in about 40% (after intravenous @entity2 ) to 60% (after oral and subcutaneous @entity3 ) higher @entity2 exposure in the older than in the young subjects. Renal clearance of @entity2 , was 7.7 L/h and 4.9 L/h in the younger and older subjects, respectively. The interindividual variability inn the area under the @entity2 plasma concentration-time curve was low following all regimens (coefficient variation 12-25%). The mean bioavailability of @entity2 in young and older subjects was approximately 18 and 12% , respectively, following oral administration of ximalagratan, and 38 and 45%, respectively, following subcutaneous administration of @entity3 . The bioavailability of @entity2 following oral administration of @entity3 was unaffected by whether subjects were fed or fasting, although the plasma concentration of @entity2 peaked about 1 hour later under fed than fasting conditions, due to gastric emptying of the immediate-release tablet formulation used. The APTT as prolonged with increasing @entity2 plasma concentration-effect relationship was independent of age. CONCLUSIONS: There were no age-dependent differences in the absorption and biotransformation of @entity3 , and the observed differences in exposure to @entity2 can be explained by differences in renal function between the young and older subjects.

title: Influence of age on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of XXXX , an oral direct @entity1 inhibitor.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of age on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of @entity3 . STUDY DESIGN: This was an open-label, randomised, 3 x 3 crossover study with 4 study days, separated by washout periods of 7 days. SUBJECTS: Subjects comprised 6 healthy young @entity0 (aged 20-27 years) and 12 healthy older @entity0 and @entity0 (aged 56-70 years). METHODS: All subjects received a 2mg intravenous infusion of @entity2 over 10 minutes followed, in randomised sequence, by a 20 mg immediate-release tablet of @entity3 with breakfast, a 20 mg immediate-release tablet of @entity3 while fasting, and a 7.5 mg subcutaneous injection of @entity3 . The primary variables were the plasma concentration of @entity2 , the active form of @entity3 , and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), an ex vivo coagulation time measurement used to demonstrate inhibition of @entity1 . RESULTS: After oral and subcutaneous administration, @entity3 was rapidly absorbed and biotransformed to @entity2 , its active form and the dominant compound in plasma. The metabolite pattern in plasma and urine was similar in young and older subjects after both oral and subcutaneous administration of @entity3 clearance of @entity2 was correlated with renal function, resulting in about 40% (after intravenous @entity2 ) to 60% (after oral and subcutaneous @entity3 ) higher @entity2 exposure in the older than in the young subjects. Renal clearance of @entity2 , was 7.7 L/h and 4.9 L/h in the younger and older subjects, respectively. The interindividual variability inn the area under the @entity2 plasma concentration-time curve was low following all regimens (coefficient variation 12-25%). The mean bioavailability of @entity2 in young and older subjects was approximately 18 and 12% , respectively, following oral administration of ximalagratan, and 38 and 45%, respectively, following subcutaneous administration of @entity3 . The bioavailability of @entity2 following oral administration of @entity3 was unaffected by whether subjects were fed or fasting, although the plasma concentration of @entity2 peaked about 1 hour later under fed than fasting conditions, due to gastric emptying of the immediate-release tablet formulation used. The APTT as prolonged with increasing @entity2 plasma concentration-effect relationship was independent of age. CONCLUSIONS: There were no age-dependent differences in the absorption and biotransformation of @entity3 , and the observed differences in exposure to @entity2 can be explained by differences in renal function between the young and older subjects.

title: Influence of age on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of @entity3 , an oral direct XXXX inhibitor.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The cytogenetic features (ploidy, complexity, breakpoints, imbalances) were ascertained in 783 abnormal @entity2 ( @entity2 ) cases to identify frequently involved chromosomal regions as well as a possible impact of age/sex. The series included @entity2 @entity0 from the Mitelman Database of Chromosome Aberrations in @entity1 and from our own laboratory. Hyperdiploidy was most common, followed by hypodiploidy, pseudodiploidy and tri-/tetraploidy. Most cases were complex, with a median of eight changes per @entity0 . The distribution of modal numbers differed between younger and older @entity0 , but was not related to sex. No sex- or age-related differences regarding the number of anomalies were found. The most frequent genomic breakpoints were 14q32, 11q13, 1q10, 8q24, 1p11, 1q21, 22q11, 1p13, 1q11, 19q13, 1p22, 6q21 and 17p11. Breaks in 1p13, 6q21 and 11q13 were more common in the younger age group. The most frequent imbalances were + 9, - 13, + 15, + 19, + 11 and - Y. @entity3 were more common among @entity0 , while -X was more frequent among @entity0 . Loss of Y as the sole change and + 5 were more common in elderly @entity0 , and - 14 was more frequent in the younger age group. The present findings strongly suggest that some karyotypic features of @entity2 are influenced by endogenous and/or exogenous factors.

title: A pooled analysis of karyotypic patterns, breakpoints and imbalances in 783 cytogenetically abnormal XXXX reveals frequently involved chromosome segments as well as significant age- and sex-related differences.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy (XRT) after radical surgery for uterine @entity1 may cause various (mainly gastrointestinal) side effects capable of affecting a @entity0 's lifestyle. This prospective study used a diary card to evaluate @entity2 and daily quality of life changes in uterine @entity1 @entity0 given postoperative pelvic radiotherapy. METHODS: The self-completed diary card listed 12 items concerning lifestyle changes and side effects. The @entity0 were stratified by age (</=65 vs >65 years). RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity0 were evaluable, and a total of 848 days were assessed (82.6% of the 1027 days of XRT). The mean number of daily stools progressively increased during treatment (P < 0.01). No statistically significant differences were observed in terms of @entity5 or @entity4 . There was a significant decrease in appetite (P < 0.01). Vaginal symptom scores did not significantly change during treatment, and no significant differences were found in terms of @entity3 , daily activities, or compliance to therapy. The subjective perception of overall well-being and the quality of life score progressively and significantly decreased over time (P < 0.01). The younger @entity0 had significantly more @entity6 , less appetite, more @entity7 , more @entity3 , a greater reduction in daily activities and therapeutic compliance, a poorer subjective perception of overall well-being, and a lower quality of life score. CONCLUSIONS: The use of a diary card may be an adequate means of detecting the extent of treatment-related changes in the lifestyle of uterine @entity1 @entity0 receiving postoperative radiotherapy.

title: Physical side effects and quality of life during postoperative radiotherapy for uterine XXXX . Prospective evaluation by a diary card.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In addition to lower operative mortality, @entity0 undergoing selected @entity2 operations at high volume centers have improved longterm survival. We sought to determine the overall effect of hospital volume on life expectancy after @entity2 surgery. STUDY DESIGN: We used a Markov decision analysis model to estimate life expectancy for @entity0 undergoing resection for @entity3 . Model inputs included probabilities of operative mortality and longterm survival. For input data, we examined operative mortality (in-hospital or within 30 days) stratified by volume in over 400,000 @entity0 undergoing resection for these three @entity2 using the national Medicare database (1994-1999). Risks of late mortality were abstracted from published studies (MEDLINE, 1966 to present) to model the effect of hospital volume on longterm survival. In analysis, we first calculated life expectancy for @entity0 undergoing surgery at very low, low, medium, high, and very high volume hospitals. We then explored the effects of various regionalization strategies. RESULTS: Life expectancy increased steadily with hospital volume for all three @entity2 . Life expectancy after @entity4 resection increased linearly with hospital volume: from 1.9 years at very low volume centers to 3.6 years at very high volume centers. For @entity1 , life expectancy ranged from 5.4 to 6.6 years. Increases in life expectancy for @entity3 were not as dramatic: from 6.8 at very low volume hospitals to 7.4 years at very high volume hospitals. Differences in life expectancy across volume strata were largely attributable to differences in longterm survival, not operative mortality. From a policy perspective, regionalizing surgery for @entity3 would produce the greatest overall life-expectancy gains, but it would require moving most @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 aged 65 and older with pancreatic, lung, and @entity3 have substantially greater life expectancy after @entity2 resection at higher volume hospitals. Further work is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying differences in performance across hospitals in @entity2 care.

title: Effects of hospital volume on life expectancy after selected XXXX operations in older adults: a decision analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Heavy ion radiotherapy is a promising modality because of its excellent dose localization and high biological effect on @entity1 . Using @entity3 beams, a dose escalation study was conducted for the treatment of stage I @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to determine the optimal dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The first stage phase I/II trial using 18 fractions over 6 weeks for 47 @entity0 and the second one using nine fractions over 3 weeks for 34 @entity0 were conducted by the dose escalation method from 59.4 to 95.4 Gray equivalents (GyE) in incremental steps of 10% and from 68.4 to 79.2 GyE in 5% increments, respectively. The local control and survival rates were obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Radiation @entity2 at grade III occurred in three of 81 @entity0 , but they fully recovered. This was not a dose-limiting factor. The local control rates in the first and second trials were 64% and 84%, respectively. The total recurrence rate in both trials was 23.2%. The infield local recurrence in the first trial was significantly dependent on @entity3 dose. The doses greater than 86.4 GyE at 18 fractions and 72 GyE at nine fractions achieved a local control of 90% and 95%, respectively. The 5 year overall and cause-specific survivals in 81 @entity0 were 42% and 60%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: With our dose escalation study, the optimum safety and efficacy dose of @entity3 beams was determined. @entity3 beam therapy attained almost the same results as surgery for stage I @entity4 although this was a I/II study.

title: @entity3 ion radiotherapy for stage I XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Heavy ion radiotherapy is a promising modality because of its excellent dose localization and high biological effect on @entity1 . Using @entity3 beams, a dose escalation study was conducted for the treatment of stage I @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to determine the optimal dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The first stage phase I/II trial using 18 fractions over 6 weeks for 47 @entity0 and the second one using nine fractions over 3 weeks for 34 @entity0 were conducted by the dose escalation method from 59.4 to 95.4 Gray equivalents (GyE) in incremental steps of 10% and from 68.4 to 79.2 GyE in 5% increments, respectively. The local control and survival rates were obtained using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Radiation @entity2 at grade III occurred in three of 81 @entity0 , but they fully recovered. This was not a dose-limiting factor. The local control rates in the first and second trials were 64% and 84%, respectively. The total recurrence rate in both trials was 23.2%. The infield local recurrence in the first trial was significantly dependent on @entity3 dose. The doses greater than 86.4 GyE at 18 fractions and 72 GyE at nine fractions achieved a local control of 90% and 95%, respectively. The 5 year overall and cause-specific survivals in 81 @entity0 were 42% and 60%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: With our dose escalation study, the optimum safety and efficacy dose of @entity3 beams was determined. @entity3 beam therapy attained almost the same results as surgery for stage I @entity4 although this was a I/II study.

title: XXXX ion radiotherapy for stage I @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to determine the natural history of untreated @entity2 . Although there are reports on the natural history of @entity3 , most series contain only a few cases of @entity3 involving the skull base. Natural history information is important when recommending treatment and evaluating results. METHODS: The case records and imaging studies of 40 @entity0 with @entity2 from a single practice were reviewed. These @entity0 either did not receive treatment or there was a long delay from the onset of symptoms to the initiation of treatment. RESULTS: Skull base @entity3 may be very indolent @entity1 . @entity0 with these @entity1 have lived long, comfortable, and relatively productive lives without treatment or with delayed treatment. Impairment may be much less than imaging studies would suggest. CONCLUSION: The authors are not advocating that @entity2 not receive treatment. However, their unique experience with this group of @entity0 provides convincing evidence that the indolent behavior of some @entity2 must be considered when recommending various surgical and radiation procedures and interpreting their results in relationship to the functional outcome of the @entity0 .

title: The natural history of untreated XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 , fear, @entity2 , and treatment with @entity5 might compromise the ability of @entity0 to comprehend information about, and give informed consent for, participation in clinical trials. We aimed to assess whether @entity0 with @entity4 could understand written and verbal information and whether they were competent to give autonomous informed consent to participate in a clinical trial. METHODS: We prospectively studied 399 @entity0 with @entity4 in 16 hospitals in New Zealand and Australia who were eligible for participation in the @entity3 ( @entity3 )-2 trial. We assessed readability of @entity0 information sheets, @entity0 ' educational status, their views of the consent process, comprehension of verbal and written information, and competence to give consent. FINDINGS: The @entity0 information sheet needed a year 13 (age 18) educational level for comprehension, although only 75 of 345 @entity0 (22%) had been educated beyond secondary school. Only 63 of 346 (18%) read the @entity0 information sheet before giving or refusing consent to participate. @entity0 who gave consent were more likely to report good or partial comprehension of the information provided than were those who refused consent (272 [89%] vs 14 [70%], respectively; p=0.009). In an assessment of competence to make an autonomous decision, 75 of 145 (52%) were ranked at the lowest grade and 26 (18%) were not competent to consent. INTERPRETATION: Although the consent process for @entity3 -2 met regulatory requirements for clinical trials, it was inappropriate for the needs of most @entity0 . The @entity0 ' comprehension of the information provided and their competence to autonomously give consent was less than optimum.

title: Informed consent during the clinical emergency of @entity4 ( XXXX -2 consent substudy): a prospective observational study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 , fear, @entity2 , and treatment with @entity5 might compromise the ability of @entity0 to comprehend information about, and give informed consent for, participation in clinical trials. We aimed to assess whether @entity0 with @entity4 could understand written and verbal information and whether they were competent to give autonomous informed consent to participate in a clinical trial. METHODS: We prospectively studied 399 @entity0 with @entity4 in 16 hospitals in New Zealand and Australia who were eligible for participation in the @entity3 ( @entity3 )-2 trial. We assessed readability of @entity0 information sheets, @entity0 ' educational status, their views of the consent process, comprehension of verbal and written information, and competence to give consent. FINDINGS: The @entity0 information sheet needed a year 13 (age 18) educational level for comprehension, although only 75 of 345 @entity0 (22%) had been educated beyond secondary school. Only 63 of 346 (18%) read the @entity0 information sheet before giving or refusing consent to participate. @entity0 who gave consent were more likely to report good or partial comprehension of the information provided than were those who refused consent (272 [89%] vs 14 [70%], respectively; p=0.009). In an assessment of competence to make an autonomous decision, 75 of 145 (52%) were ranked at the lowest grade and 26 (18%) were not competent to consent. INTERPRETATION: Although the consent process for @entity3 -2 met regulatory requirements for clinical trials, it was inappropriate for the needs of most @entity0 . The @entity0 ' comprehension of the information provided and their competence to autonomously give consent was less than optimum.

title: Informed consent during the clinical emergency of XXXX ( @entity3 -2 consent substudy): a prospective observational study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Eight cases of @entity6 were encountered at the two major @entity1 affiliated with McGill University in Montreal in 4 years. All @entity0 were immigrants who had been in Canada for a period of 1 to 18 years and came from South America (three cases), Haiti (three cases), and Greece (two cases). Five @entity0 had parenchymal cysts and presented with @entity3 ; three had the racemose form and presented with @entity4 . Four @entity0 with parenchymal cysts were treated by removal of the cysticercus and did well. One @entity0 with numerous cysts was treated with @entity5 with good clinical and radiological results. Two @entity0 with the racemose form were treated by cyst aspiration, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion, and @entity5 and did well. Another @entity0 with the racemose form, seen before the advent of @entity5 , died of @entity2 . @entity6 is not uncommon in the immigrant population of large North American cities. Single symptomatic cysts can be evacuated surgically with good results; multiple parenchymatous cysts can be treated with @entity5 . @entity0 with the racemose form who are treated with CSF diversion and @entity5 do well, although those who are only treated surgically die of their disease.

title: XXXX : surgical and medical management with @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Eight cases of @entity6 were encountered at the two major @entity1 affiliated with McGill University in Montreal in 4 years. All @entity0 were immigrants who had been in Canada for a period of 1 to 18 years and came from South America (three cases), Haiti (three cases), and Greece (two cases). Five @entity0 had parenchymal cysts and presented with @entity3 ; three had the racemose form and presented with @entity4 . Four @entity0 with parenchymal cysts were treated by removal of the cysticercus and did well. One @entity0 with numerous cysts was treated with @entity5 with good clinical and radiological results. Two @entity0 with the racemose form were treated by cyst aspiration, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion, and @entity5 and did well. Another @entity0 with the racemose form, seen before the advent of @entity5 , died of @entity2 . @entity6 is not uncommon in the immigrant population of large North American cities. Single symptomatic cysts can be evacuated surgically with good results; multiple parenchymatous cysts can be treated with @entity5 . @entity0 with the racemose form who are treated with CSF diversion and @entity5 do well, although those who are only treated surgically die of their disease.

title: @entity6 : surgical and medical management with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management strategies for @entity0 carrying @entity2 mutations are becoming clearer and predictive testing for a known family mutation is commonly undertaken. Implications for @entity0 are not as clear and they participate less frequently. @entity0 AND METHODS: Twenty-six @entity0 from 10 extended families underwent predictive testing. Their motivation, reaction and outcome were studied. Subjects had appropriate pre- and post-test counselling. Informed consent was obtained before predictive testing for known deleterious mutations. DNA analysis followed standard procedures. RESULTS: Eighteen tested positive and eight negative. Four had adverse psychological reactions and three reneged on their commitments to impart results. The spouse of another @entity0 had an adverse psychological reaction to the disclosure of his positive result. Two, already suffering from @entity1 , were phenocopies and paternal lineage transmission was unexpectedly determined in another. Risk was removed from 33 offspring and confirmed for 56. CONCLUSIONS: Complex themes associated with genetic testing are confirmed and the spectrum extended. @entity0 appear to understand the importance of participating in this process. Methods of avoiding adverse reactions merit further study along with other aspects of the process.

title: Predictive testing for XXXX mutations: a male contribution.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The physiological roles of menin, the product of the @entity4 gene, are not known. Homozygous menin knockout @entity0 exhibit @entity1 . We, therefore, investigated the role of menin in the regulation of osteoblastic differentiation. Menin antisense oligonucleotides (AS-oligo) reduced endogenous menin expression in the C3H10T1/2 (10T1/2) @entity0 mesenchymal stem cells and antagonized alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the expression of type I collagen, @entity2 / @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) induced by @entity5 ( @entity5 ). AS-oligo did not affect adipogenic markers (Oil red staining and @entity7 expression) and chondrogenic markers (Alcian blue staining and type IX collagen) induced by @entity5 in 10T1/2 cells. Menin co-immunoprecipitated with @entity8 and @entity9 , and inactivation of menin antagonized @entity5 -induced transcriptional activity of @entity6 . In osteoblastic @entity0 cells, AS-oligo affected neither @entity5 -stimulated ALP activity nor the expression of @entity2 and @entity3 . Stable inactivation of menin in @entity0 cells increased ALP activity, mineralization, and the expression of type I collagen and @entity3 . In 21-day cultures of @entity0 cells and @entity5 -treated 10T1/2 cells, endogenous menin expression increased up to day 14 and declined thereafter. These data indicate that menin inactivation specifically inhibits the commitment of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells to the osteoblast lineage, mediated by menin and @entity6 interactions. Menin is important for both early differentiation of osteoblasts and inhibition of their later differentiation, and it might be crucial for intramembranous ossification.

title: Inactivation of menin, the product of the XXXX gene, inhibits the commitment of multipotential mesenchymal stem cells into the osteoblast lineage.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A comprehensive program review of Indonesia's @entity5 ( @entity5 ) program conducted in 1983 indicated that considerable success has been achieved in this area. Oral rehydration solution (ORS) is widely available, there has been community involvement, a strong managerial structure has developed, baseline data on @entity2 morbidity and mortality are being collected, and staff have received adequate training. At the same time, there have been some problems: inadequate use of ORS, a lack of coordination among @entity5 programs, insufficient surveillance, budgetary problems, and a lack of laboratory support. During the last 10 years, @entity2 mortality in Indonesia has been reduced by 50-70%, to about 20,000 (20% of @entity0 mortality). The Government has established the goal of reducing mortality from @entity2 to less than 1% of @entity0 deaths by the year 2000. A major strategy for achieving this goal is integrating family planning, nutrition, maternal- @entity0 health, immunization, and @entity5 programs. Another strategy involves improving research in this area. Areas for further research include: epidemiologic studies, rehydration treatment, antidiarrheal agents, social aspects, immunity and vaccine development, and laboratory examination. The cause of @entity5 is not only enteric @entity1 , it is indirectly caused by acute @entity3 , @entity4 , measles and other @entity1 as well as the health knowledge and education of the mother. Priority is to be given to 7 areas of research: 1) the use of home-prepared rehydration fluids, 2) feeding practices during acute @entity2 that can prevent chronic @entity2 and @entity4 , 3) the determinants of progression to chronic @entity2 , 4) the impact of simple health information on hygienic and feeding practices on mortality, 5) the potential of using traditional birth attendants in ORS campaigns, 6) traditional attitudes and practices, and 7) the effectiveness of traditional medicines in @entity2 treatment.

title: Research priorities on diarrhoeal diseases to support the Control of Diarrhoeal Diseases ( XXXX ) programme in Indonesia.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Although @entity3 ( @entity3 ) can be potentially stabilized by inhibiting inflammatory cell recruitment and their release of proteolytic enzymes, active @entity3 regression is not possible without regeneration of new elastic matrix structures. Unfortunately, postneonatal vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), healthy, and likely more so, diseased cells, poorly synthesize or remodel elastic fibers, impeding any effort directed at regenerative @entity3 treatment. Previously, we determined the eleastogenic benefits of oligomers (HA-o; 4-6 mers) of the glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronan (HA) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to healthy SMCs. Since AAAs are often diagnosed only late in development when matrix disruption is severe, we now determine if elastogenic upregulation of SMCs from late-stage AAAs (>100% diameter increase) is possible. AAAs were induced by perfusion of @entity2 infrarenal aortae with porcine pancreatic elastase. Elastic matrix degradation, vessel expansion (   120%), @entity1 , and enhanced activity of matrix-metalloproteases (MMPs) 2 and 9 resulted, paralleling @entity0 AAAs. Aneurysmal SMCs (EaRASMCs) maintained a diseased phenotype in 2D cell culture and exhibited patterns of gene expression different from healthy @entity2 aortic SMCs (RASMCs). Relative to passage-matched healthy RASMCs, unstimulated EaRASMCs produced far less tropoelastin and matrix elastin. Exogenous @entity4 and HA-o (termed "factors") significantly decreased EaRASMC proliferation and enhanced tropoelastin synthesis, though only at the highest provided dose combination (20   mg/mL of HA-o, 10   ng/mL of @entity4 ); despite such enhancement, tropoelastin amounts were only    40% of amounts synthesized by healthy RASMC cultures. Differently, elastic matrix synthesis was enhanced beyond amounts synthesized by healthy RASMCs (112%), even at lower doses of factors (2   mg/mL of HA-o and 5   ng/mL of @entity4 ). The factors also enhanced elastic fiber deposition over untreated EaRASMC cultures and restored several genes whose expression was altered in EaRASMC cultures back to levels expressed by healthy RASMCs. However, the activity of MMPs 2 and 9 generated by EaRASMC cultures was unaffected by the factors/factor dose. The study confirms that SMCs from advanced AAAs can be elastogenically induced, although much higher doses of elastogenic factors are required for induction relative to healthy SMCs. Also, the factors do not appear to inhibit MMP activity, vital to preserve existing elastic matrix structures that serve as nucleation sites for new elastic fiber deposition. Thus, to enhance net accumulation of newly regenerated elastic matrix, toward possibly regressing AAAs, codelivery of MMP inhibitors may be necessitated.

title: Elastogenic inductability of smooth muscle cells from a @entity2 model of late stage XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Although @entity3 ( @entity3 ) can be potentially stabilized by inhibiting inflammatory cell recruitment and their release of proteolytic enzymes, active @entity3 regression is not possible without regeneration of new elastic matrix structures. Unfortunately, postneonatal vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), healthy, and likely more so, diseased cells, poorly synthesize or remodel elastic fibers, impeding any effort directed at regenerative @entity3 treatment. Previously, we determined the eleastogenic benefits of oligomers (HA-o; 4-6 mers) of the glycosaminoglycan, hyaluronan (HA) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to healthy SMCs. Since AAAs are often diagnosed only late in development when matrix disruption is severe, we now determine if elastogenic upregulation of SMCs from late-stage AAAs (>100% diameter increase) is possible. AAAs were induced by perfusion of @entity2 infrarenal aortae with porcine pancreatic elastase. Elastic matrix degradation, vessel expansion (   120%), @entity1 , and enhanced activity of matrix-metalloproteases (MMPs) 2 and 9 resulted, paralleling @entity0 AAAs. Aneurysmal SMCs (EaRASMCs) maintained a diseased phenotype in 2D cell culture and exhibited patterns of gene expression different from healthy @entity2 aortic SMCs (RASMCs). Relative to passage-matched healthy RASMCs, unstimulated EaRASMCs produced far less tropoelastin and matrix elastin. Exogenous @entity4 and HA-o (termed "factors") significantly decreased EaRASMC proliferation and enhanced tropoelastin synthesis, though only at the highest provided dose combination (20   mg/mL of HA-o, 10   ng/mL of @entity4 ); despite such enhancement, tropoelastin amounts were only    40% of amounts synthesized by healthy RASMC cultures. Differently, elastic matrix synthesis was enhanced beyond amounts synthesized by healthy RASMCs (112%), even at lower doses of factors (2   mg/mL of HA-o and 5   ng/mL of @entity4 ). The factors also enhanced elastic fiber deposition over untreated EaRASMC cultures and restored several genes whose expression was altered in EaRASMC cultures back to levels expressed by healthy RASMCs. However, the activity of MMPs 2 and 9 generated by EaRASMC cultures was unaffected by the factors/factor dose. The study confirms that SMCs from advanced AAAs can be elastogenically induced, although much higher doses of elastogenic factors are required for induction relative to healthy SMCs. Also, the factors do not appear to inhibit MMP activity, vital to preserve existing elastic matrix structures that serve as nucleation sites for new elastic fiber deposition. Thus, to enhance net accumulation of newly regenerated elastic matrix, toward possibly regressing AAAs, codelivery of MMP inhibitors may be necessitated.

title: Elastogenic inductability of smooth muscle cells from a XXXX model of late stage @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS. Blood pressure control is influenced by various genetic and environmental factors, and genetic susceptibility is important in the development of essential @entity0 . Because the renin-angiotensin- @entity3 system (RAAS) has a key role in vasoconstriction, vasodilation, and @entity4 and electrolyte balance, it is central in blood pressure control and so is an appropriate target in @entity0 treatments. The present study assessed the association of RAAS-related genes with blood pressure and @entity0 in a Korean population. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs, n = 114) in nine RAAS-related genes ( @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity2 , @entity9 , @entity8 , @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity11 , and @entity6 ) were assessed for their correlation with blood pressure and @entity0 using genotype data of 8842 individuals from the Korea Association Resource subject pool. MAJOR FINDINGS. Linear regression analysis revealed a statistically significant association with blood pressure of 10 SNPs in six genes ( @entity2 , @entity9 , @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity11 , and @entity6 ). An additional @entity0 case-control study identified 10 SNPs in @entity10 and @entity2 that were linked to @entity0 . PRINCIPAL CONCLUSION. Three SNPs ( @entity12 , @entity13 , and @entity14 ) in @entity10 correlate with both blood pressure and @entity0 . Genetic polymorphisms in RAAS-related genes appear to be associated with @entity0 in a Korean population.

title: Association between renin-angiotensin- XXXX system-related genes and blood pressure in a Korean population.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The induction dose of hypnotic agents should be reduced in the elderly, but it is not well studied whether thiopental or @entity2 should be preferred in this group of @entity0 . The aim of this study was to compare onset time, hypnosis level and the haemodynamic response after thiopental vs. @entity2 for induction of anaesthesia. Our primary hypothesis was that in the elderly, thiopental had a shorter onset time than @entity2 , defined as time to bispectral index (BIS) <50. METHODS: In this randomized and double-blinded study, we included 78 @entity0 . @entity0 were eligible, if they were scheduled for elective surgery with general anaesthesia and aged 60 or older. @entity0 received @entity1 10  g/kg and either thiopental 2.5 mg/kg or @entity2 1.0 mg/kg, and depth of anaesthesia was determined with BIS the following 120 s along with clinical assessment of anaesthetic depth. The primary endpoint was the time from start of injection of the hypnotic to a BIS value below 50. RESULTS: Time to BIS <50 was significantly shorter in @entity0 receiving thiopental, where onset time was 52 s (median value) compared with 65 s in the @entity2 group (P=0.01). Mean arterial pressure decreased 25.6 mmHg in the @entity2 group and 15.6 mmHg in the thiopental group (P=0.003) within 120 s. Heart rate decreased 9.1 b.p.m. within 120 s in the @entity0 receiving @entity2 compared with a decrease of 5.1 b.p.m. in @entity0 receiving thiopental (P=0.04). CONCLUSION: Thiopental was found to have a faster onset than @entity2 in elderly surgical @entity0 .

title: Onset time and haemodynamic response after thiopental vs. XXXX in the elderly: a randomized trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if the type of operative incision influences the adequacy of surgical staging in @entity0 with uterine @entity1 . METHODS: All @entity0 with uterine @entity1 referred to the Swedish Medical Center @entity1 Institute for adjuvant radiotherapy between June 1, 1989, and June 1, 1999, who underwent comprehensive surgical staging and for whom complete records could be obtained were eligible. Data on type of incision, weight, medical comorbidities, histology, total number and distribution of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), estimated @entity2 , complications, and length of stay were abstracted retrospectively. Statistical analysis with two-tailed Student t test, chi(2), Fisher's exact, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were performed. RESULTS: Five hundred four @entity0 with @entity1 were referred to the @entity1 Institute with 332 meeting inclusion criteria. A vertical midline incision (ML) was used in 236 (72%) while 96 (28%) received a Pfannenstiel incision (PI). No panniculectomies were performed. There were no statistically significant differences in age, weight, stage, histology, comorbidities, or estimated @entity2 between the ML and PI groups. ML was associated with significantly more @entity3 (34 vs. 7; P = 0.003). When compared to ML a greater number of total @entity4 (21.0 vs. 16.8; P = 0.001) and a comparable number of pelvic @entity4 (13.7 vs. 12.2; P = 0.14) were procured through a PI. More @entity0 with a ML (72% vs. 63%; P = 0.13) had para-aortic @entity4 (PALN) dissected; however, when obtained equivalent numbers of nodes were removed (3.52 vs. 4.36; P = 0.14). Overall, the median length of stay was statistically shorter for those @entity0 operated on via a PI (4 vs. 3 days; P = 0.007). The projected 5-year disease-free (83% vs. 85%) and disease-specific (87% vs. 85%) survival was unaffected by incision. In the heaviest quartile of @entity0 (>180 lb), a statistically greater number of total @entity4 (23.3 vs. 16.5; P = 0.005) and pelvic @entity4 (16.7 vs. 11.5; P = 0.05) were obtained with a PI. Again, PALN were sampled more frequently (67% vs. 56%; P = 0.45) in @entity0 with a ML, but the mean @entity4 yield was no different (3.91 vs. 5.20; P = 0.37). Likewise, in this heaviest quartile, there were no statically significant differences in operative complications (7 vs. 1; P = 0.43) with either incision. CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive surgical staging for @entity1 can be adequately performed through a PI without greater morbidity or mortality. By using this surgical approach, @entity0 with uterine @entity1 can benefit from the inherent benefits previously described for PI. Appropriate @entity0 selection, however, is necessary.

title: Adequate staging for uterine XXXX can be performed through Pfannenstiel incisions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study aimed to identify suitable siRNA delivery systems based on flexible generation 2-4 @entity3 dendrimers by correlating physico-chemical and biological in vitro and in vivo properties of the complexes with thermodynamic parameters calculated using molecular modeling. The siRNA binding properties of the dendrimers and @entity2 25 kDa were simulated, binding and stability were measured in SYBR Gold assays, and hydrodynamic diameters, zeta potentials, and @entity0 were quantified. These parameters were compared with cellular uptake of the complexes and their ability to mediate RNAi. Radiolabeled complexes were administered intravenously, and pharmacokinetic profiles and biodistribution of these polyplexes were assessed both invasively and non-invasively. All flexible @entity3 dendrimers formed thermodynamically more stable complexes than @entity2 . While @entity2 and the generation 4 dendrimer interacted more superficially with siRNA, generation 2 and 3 virtually coalesced with siRNA, forming a tightly intertwined structure. These dendriplexes were therefore more efficiently charge-neutralized than @entity2 complexes, reducing agglomeration. This behavior was confirmed by results of hydrodynamic diameters (72.0 nm-153.5 nm) and zeta potentials (4.9 mV-21.8 mV in 10 mM HEPES) of the dendriplexes in comparison to @entity2 complexes (312.8 nm-480.0 nm and 13.7 mV-17.4 mV in 10 mM @entity1 ). All dendrimers, even generation 3 and 4, were less toxic than @entity2 . All dendriplexes were efficiently endocytosed and showed significant and specific luciferase knockdown in HeLa/Luc cells. Scintillation counting confirmed that the generation 2 @entity3 complexes showed more than twofold prolonged circulation times as a result of their good thermodynamic stability. Conversely, generation 3 complexes dissociated in vivo, and generation 4 complexes were captured by the reticulo-endothelial system due to their increased surface charge. Molecular modeling proves very valuable for rationalizing experimental parameters based on the dendrimers' structural properties. Non-invasive molecular imaging predicted the in vivo fate of the complexes. Therefore, both techniques effectively promote the rapid development of safe and efficient siRNA formulations that are stable in vivo.

title: Molecular modeling and in vivo imaging can identify successful flexible XXXX dendrimer-based siRNA delivery systems.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity4 of @entity8 plus @entity11 ( @entity11 ) and @entity15 (LV) in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ) previously treated with @entity18 and @entity17 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty @entity16 - and @entity14 -pretreated @entity0 @entity1 were treated with @entity8 85 mg/m(2) as a 2-h infusion on day 1, LV 200 mg/m(2)/day as a 2-h infusion followed by bolus @entity11 400 mg/m(2)/day and a 22-h infusion of @entity11 600 mg/m(2)/day for 2 consecutive days. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. @entity1 were evaluated for response every two cycles. RESULTS: The median age was 51 years (range 34-75). Twenty @entity1 (40%) had received three or more chemotherapeutic regimens, 64% had three or four metastatic sites and 78% had visceral metastases. All @entity1 had prior exposure to @entity18 and @entity17 . Based on an intention-to-treat analysis, one @entity1 (2%) achieved a complete response and 16 (32%) a partial response, for a 34% overall response rate. Twenty-one @entity1 (42%) had stable disease and 12 (24%) progressive disease. The median time to @entity2 progression was 5.3 months (range 0.5-12.8) and the median overall survival was 12.3 months (range 0.5-19.2). @entity4 was mild to moderate. Grade 3/4 @entity10 and @entity7 occurred in 32% and 18%, respectively. @entity10 was experienced by three @entity1 (6%), who were successfully treated. Grade 3/4 @entity13 was reported in 14% of the @entity1 and gradually declined after treatment discontinuation. Cycle delays were reported in 28% of @entity1 and dose reductions in 26%. @entity12 , @entity9 , @entity6 and @entity3 were not significant. There were no treatment-related @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity8 plus @entity11 /LV seems to be an active regimen in @entity1 with @entity0 and prior exposure to @entity18 and @entity17 with a good safety profile. The incidence of severe @entity4 was quite low and the compliance of @entity1 to the treatment was satisfactory. The results obtained with this regimen could be considered encouraging in this heavily pretreated group of @entity0 @entity1 with a high incidence of visceral metastases.

title: @entity8 plus high-dose @entity15 and XXXX in pretreated @entity0 : a phase II study.

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity4 of @entity8 plus @entity11 ( @entity11 ) and @entity15 (LV) in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ) previously treated with @entity18 and @entity17 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty @entity16 - and @entity14 -pretreated @entity0 @entity1 were treated with @entity8 85 mg/m(2) as a 2-h infusion on day 1, LV 200 mg/m(2)/day as a 2-h infusion followed by bolus @entity11 400 mg/m(2)/day and a 22-h infusion of @entity11 600 mg/m(2)/day for 2 consecutive days. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. @entity1 were evaluated for response every two cycles. RESULTS: The median age was 51 years (range 34-75). Twenty @entity1 (40%) had received three or more chemotherapeutic regimens, 64% had three or four metastatic sites and 78% had visceral metastases. All @entity1 had prior exposure to @entity18 and @entity17 . Based on an intention-to-treat analysis, one @entity1 (2%) achieved a complete response and 16 (32%) a partial response, for a 34% overall response rate. Twenty-one @entity1 (42%) had stable disease and 12 (24%) progressive disease. The median time to @entity2 progression was 5.3 months (range 0.5-12.8) and the median overall survival was 12.3 months (range 0.5-19.2). @entity4 was mild to moderate. Grade 3/4 @entity10 and @entity7 occurred in 32% and 18%, respectively. @entity10 was experienced by three @entity1 (6%), who were successfully treated. Grade 3/4 @entity13 was reported in 14% of the @entity1 and gradually declined after treatment discontinuation. Cycle delays were reported in 28% of @entity1 and dose reductions in 26%. @entity12 , @entity9 , @entity6 and @entity3 were not significant. There were no treatment-related @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity8 plus @entity11 /LV seems to be an active regimen in @entity1 with @entity0 and prior exposure to @entity18 and @entity17 with a good safety profile. The incidence of severe @entity4 was quite low and the compliance of @entity1 to the treatment was satisfactory. The results obtained with this regimen could be considered encouraging in this heavily pretreated group of @entity0 @entity1 with a high incidence of visceral metastases.

title: @entity8 plus high-dose XXXX and @entity11 in pretreated @entity0 : a phase II study.

answer: @entity15


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity4 of @entity8 plus @entity11 ( @entity11 ) and @entity15 (LV) in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ) previously treated with @entity18 and @entity17 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty @entity16 - and @entity14 -pretreated @entity0 @entity1 were treated with @entity8 85 mg/m(2) as a 2-h infusion on day 1, LV 200 mg/m(2)/day as a 2-h infusion followed by bolus @entity11 400 mg/m(2)/day and a 22-h infusion of @entity11 600 mg/m(2)/day for 2 consecutive days. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. @entity1 were evaluated for response every two cycles. RESULTS: The median age was 51 years (range 34-75). Twenty @entity1 (40%) had received three or more chemotherapeutic regimens, 64% had three or four metastatic sites and 78% had visceral metastases. All @entity1 had prior exposure to @entity18 and @entity17 . Based on an intention-to-treat analysis, one @entity1 (2%) achieved a complete response and 16 (32%) a partial response, for a 34% overall response rate. Twenty-one @entity1 (42%) had stable disease and 12 (24%) progressive disease. The median time to @entity2 progression was 5.3 months (range 0.5-12.8) and the median overall survival was 12.3 months (range 0.5-19.2). @entity4 was mild to moderate. Grade 3/4 @entity10 and @entity7 occurred in 32% and 18%, respectively. @entity10 was experienced by three @entity1 (6%), who were successfully treated. Grade 3/4 @entity13 was reported in 14% of the @entity1 and gradually declined after treatment discontinuation. Cycle delays were reported in 28% of @entity1 and dose reductions in 26%. @entity12 , @entity9 , @entity6 and @entity3 were not significant. There were no treatment-related @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity8 plus @entity11 /LV seems to be an active regimen in @entity1 with @entity0 and prior exposure to @entity18 and @entity17 with a good safety profile. The incidence of severe @entity4 was quite low and the compliance of @entity1 to the treatment was satisfactory. The results obtained with this regimen could be considered encouraging in this heavily pretreated group of @entity0 @entity1 with a high incidence of visceral metastases.

title: @entity8 plus high-dose @entity15 and @entity11 in pretreated XXXX : a phase II study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and @entity4 of @entity8 plus @entity11 ( @entity11 ) and @entity15 (LV) in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ) previously treated with @entity18 and @entity17 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Fifty @entity16 - and @entity14 -pretreated @entity0 @entity1 were treated with @entity8 85 mg/m(2) as a 2-h infusion on day 1, LV 200 mg/m(2)/day as a 2-h infusion followed by bolus @entity11 400 mg/m(2)/day and a 22-h infusion of @entity11 600 mg/m(2)/day for 2 consecutive days. Treatment was repeated every 3 weeks. @entity1 were evaluated for response every two cycles. RESULTS: The median age was 51 years (range 34-75). Twenty @entity1 (40%) had received three or more chemotherapeutic regimens, 64% had three or four metastatic sites and 78% had visceral metastases. All @entity1 had prior exposure to @entity18 and @entity17 . Based on an intention-to-treat analysis, one @entity1 (2%) achieved a complete response and 16 (32%) a partial response, for a 34% overall response rate. Twenty-one @entity1 (42%) had stable disease and 12 (24%) progressive disease. The median time to @entity2 progression was 5.3 months (range 0.5-12.8) and the median overall survival was 12.3 months (range 0.5-19.2). @entity4 was mild to moderate. Grade 3/4 @entity10 and @entity7 occurred in 32% and 18%, respectively. @entity10 was experienced by three @entity1 (6%), who were successfully treated. Grade 3/4 @entity13 was reported in 14% of the @entity1 and gradually declined after treatment discontinuation. Cycle delays were reported in 28% of @entity1 and dose reductions in 26%. @entity12 , @entity9 , @entity6 and @entity3 were not significant. There were no treatment-related @entity5 . CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity8 plus @entity11 /LV seems to be an active regimen in @entity1 with @entity0 and prior exposure to @entity18 and @entity17 with a good safety profile. The incidence of severe @entity4 was quite low and the compliance of @entity1 to the treatment was satisfactory. The results obtained with this regimen could be considered encouraging in this heavily pretreated group of @entity0 @entity1 with a high incidence of visceral metastases.

title: XXXX plus high-dose @entity15 and @entity11 in pretreated @entity0 : a phase II study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) carrying inv(16)/t(16;16) @entity1 are associated with a good prognosis. However, studies of this @entity3 subtype have been hampered by the few number of @entity0 reported, frequently collectively considered with those with @entity3 carrying the t(8;21) translocation. We performed a retrospective study in 110 @entity0 with @entity3 (median age, 34 years) prospectively enrolled in 6 trials conducted in France between 1987 and 1998, with the aim to investigate prognostic factors for complete remission (CR) achievement and outcome of CR @entity0 in this @entity3 subtype. CR rate was 93%. Bad-prognosis factors for CR achievement were higher white blood cell count (WBC) and lower platelet count (optimal cutpoints at 120 and 30 x 109/L, respectively). At 3 years, estimated overall survival, disease-free survival (DFS), and cumulative incidence of relapse were 58%, 48%, and 42%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, (1) advanced age (optimal cutpoint, 35 years) was the only factor for shorter DFS and (2) advanced age and low platelet count were the 2 factors for shorter survival of CR @entity0 . Outcome of CR @entity0 (1) was not influenced by WBC and cytogenetic findings and (2) was similar among @entity0 allocated to receive allogeneic transplantation, high-dose, or intermediate-dose @entity2 . Interestingly, advanced age was associated with a trend for more frequent additional chromosome abnormalities and predictive of higher cumulative incidence of relapse rather than death in first CR. These results markedly contrast with those reported in @entity0 with t(8;21) @entity3 in whom WBC, and not age, was the main high-risk factor for relapse, DFS, and survival.

title: Prognosis of inv(16)/t(16;16) @entity3 ( XXXX ): a survey of 110 cases from the French @entity3 Intergroup.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) carrying inv(16)/t(16;16) @entity1 are associated with a good prognosis. However, studies of this @entity3 subtype have been hampered by the few number of @entity0 reported, frequently collectively considered with those with @entity3 carrying the t(8;21) translocation. We performed a retrospective study in 110 @entity0 with @entity3 (median age, 34 years) prospectively enrolled in 6 trials conducted in France between 1987 and 1998, with the aim to investigate prognostic factors for complete remission (CR) achievement and outcome of CR @entity0 in this @entity3 subtype. CR rate was 93%. Bad-prognosis factors for CR achievement were higher white blood cell count (WBC) and lower platelet count (optimal cutpoints at 120 and 30 x 109/L, respectively). At 3 years, estimated overall survival, disease-free survival (DFS), and cumulative incidence of relapse were 58%, 48%, and 42%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, (1) advanced age (optimal cutpoint, 35 years) was the only factor for shorter DFS and (2) advanced age and low platelet count were the 2 factors for shorter survival of CR @entity0 . Outcome of CR @entity0 (1) was not influenced by WBC and cytogenetic findings and (2) was similar among @entity0 allocated to receive allogeneic transplantation, high-dose, or intermediate-dose @entity2 . Interestingly, advanced age was associated with a trend for more frequent additional chromosome abnormalities and predictive of higher cumulative incidence of relapse rather than death in first CR. These results markedly contrast with those reported in @entity0 with t(8;21) @entity3 in whom WBC, and not age, was the main high-risk factor for relapse, DFS, and survival.

title: Prognosis of inv(16)/t(16;16) @entity3 ( @entity3 ): a survey of 110 cases from the French XXXX Intergroup.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) carrying inv(16)/t(16;16) @entity1 are associated with a good prognosis. However, studies of this @entity3 subtype have been hampered by the few number of @entity0 reported, frequently collectively considered with those with @entity3 carrying the t(8;21) translocation. We performed a retrospective study in 110 @entity0 with @entity3 (median age, 34 years) prospectively enrolled in 6 trials conducted in France between 1987 and 1998, with the aim to investigate prognostic factors for complete remission (CR) achievement and outcome of CR @entity0 in this @entity3 subtype. CR rate was 93%. Bad-prognosis factors for CR achievement were higher white blood cell count (WBC) and lower platelet count (optimal cutpoints at 120 and 30 x 109/L, respectively). At 3 years, estimated overall survival, disease-free survival (DFS), and cumulative incidence of relapse were 58%, 48%, and 42%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, (1) advanced age (optimal cutpoint, 35 years) was the only factor for shorter DFS and (2) advanced age and low platelet count were the 2 factors for shorter survival of CR @entity0 . Outcome of CR @entity0 (1) was not influenced by WBC and cytogenetic findings and (2) was similar among @entity0 allocated to receive allogeneic transplantation, high-dose, or intermediate-dose @entity2 . Interestingly, advanced age was associated with a trend for more frequent additional chromosome abnormalities and predictive of higher cumulative incidence of relapse rather than death in first CR. These results markedly contrast with those reported in @entity0 with t(8;21) @entity3 in whom WBC, and not age, was the main high-risk factor for relapse, DFS, and survival.

title: Prognosis of inv(16)/t(16;16) XXXX ( @entity3 ): a survey of 110 cases from the French @entity3 Intergroup.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of the present study was to monitor the efficacy of treatment, morbidity and mortality over a 10-year period in 939 moderate to severe @entity2 @entity0 . All @entity0 were treated in the same @entity2 clinic with the beta 1-selective agent @entity5 , administered either alone or more usually with a diuretic with or without a vasodilator or other agents. Survival rates were compared with predicted survival rates, had the @entity2 not been treated, and also with those of a local reference population matched for age and sex. After a mean follow-up time of 6.1 years, mean blood pressure (BP) was significantly lowered from 183/109 to 145/87 mmHg. Biochemical disturbance was minimal. There were 79 withdrawals from treatment, of whom 37 were lost to follow-up. There were 91 deaths on intention to treat. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) on treatment, and not initial BP, was a powerful predictor of mortality. @entity0 of all age groups with well-controlled SBP were less likely to die, particularly from @entity4 , than those with less well controlled SBP (P less than 0.001). However, due to possible J-curve relationships between treated BP and outcome, lowering SBP below 140-150 mmHg in the elderly, and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) below about 85 mmHg, may not be beneficial. Total mortality and mortality due to @entity4 was about 60% [corrected], of predicted level, had a high BP not been treated, being similar to that in a local reference control population (age- and sex-matched). The death rate from @entity1 was reduced to about 50% of that predicted. @entity0 who died showed a mean fall in mean serum @entity3 concentration in contrast to the mean increase that occurred in survivors. It is concluded that @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity2 who obtain a high level of general health care and optimal control of BP for up to 10 years, experience a significant decrease in total mortality rate and death from @entity4 and @entity1 .

title: Low mortality from all causes, including @entity4 , in well-controlled XXXX treated with a beta-blocker plus other antihypertensives.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of the present study was to monitor the efficacy of treatment, morbidity and mortality over a 10-year period in 939 moderate to severe @entity2 @entity0 . All @entity0 were treated in the same @entity2 clinic with the beta 1-selective agent @entity5 , administered either alone or more usually with a diuretic with or without a vasodilator or other agents. Survival rates were compared with predicted survival rates, had the @entity2 not been treated, and also with those of a local reference population matched for age and sex. After a mean follow-up time of 6.1 years, mean blood pressure (BP) was significantly lowered from 183/109 to 145/87 mmHg. Biochemical disturbance was minimal. There were 79 withdrawals from treatment, of whom 37 were lost to follow-up. There were 91 deaths on intention to treat. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) on treatment, and not initial BP, was a powerful predictor of mortality. @entity0 of all age groups with well-controlled SBP were less likely to die, particularly from @entity4 , than those with less well controlled SBP (P less than 0.001). However, due to possible J-curve relationships between treated BP and outcome, lowering SBP below 140-150 mmHg in the elderly, and the diastolic blood pressure (DBP) below about 85 mmHg, may not be beneficial. Total mortality and mortality due to @entity4 was about 60% [corrected], of predicted level, had a high BP not been treated, being similar to that in a local reference control population (age- and sex-matched). The death rate from @entity1 was reduced to about 50% of that predicted. @entity0 who died showed a mean fall in mean serum @entity3 concentration in contrast to the mean increase that occurred in survivors. It is concluded that @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity2 who obtain a high level of general health care and optimal control of BP for up to 10 years, experience a significant decrease in total mortality rate and death from @entity4 and @entity1 .

title: Low mortality from all causes, including XXXX , in well-controlled @entity2 treated with a beta-blocker plus other antihypertensives.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although the incidence of and mortality from @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have declined in most industrialized countries, incidence studies of @entity1 have shown less consistent trends. This study examines time trends in the incidence of @entity1 and case fatality rates in relation to socioeconomic circumstances and history of @entity2 . METHODS: @entity1 incidence in the city of Malm  , Sweden (250,000 citizens), has been continuously monitored since 1989. All @entity0 50 to 79 years of age who experienced a first-ever @entity1 between 1989 and 1998 were included. RESULTS: We included 3621 @entity0 (1969 @entity0 , 1652 @entity0 ). The age-standardized incidence was 647 per 100,000 @entity0 -years for @entity0 and 400 per 100,000 @entity0 -years for @entity0 . The annual increase-3.1% in @entity0 (P<0.05) and 2.9% in @entity0 (P<0.05)-was more pronounced in the younger age groups and was lowest in areas with poor socioeconomic circumstances. We found that 13% of the @entity0 and 6% of the @entity0 had a history of @entity2 ; this proportion was stable over the study period. The average case fatality rates in 1989 to 1998 were 10% for @entity0 and 9.3% for @entity0 . Rates remained stable for @entity0 but declined significantly in @entity0 (odds ratio per year, 0.895; 95% confidence interval, 0.84 to 0.95). CONCLUSIONS: In this urban population, @entity1 incidence increased between 1989 and 1998. The rate of increase tended to be lower in residential areas with least favorable socioeconomic circumstances. The proportion with a history of @entity2 remained unchanged during the study period. There has been significant improvement in the case fatality rate in @entity0 but not in @entity0 .

title: Increasing XXXX incidence and decreasing case fatality, 1989-1998: a study from the @entity1 register in Malm  , Sweden.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although the incidence of and mortality from @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have declined in most industrialized countries, incidence studies of @entity1 have shown less consistent trends. This study examines time trends in the incidence of @entity1 and case fatality rates in relation to socioeconomic circumstances and history of @entity2 . METHODS: @entity1 incidence in the city of Malm  , Sweden (250,000 citizens), has been continuously monitored since 1989. All @entity0 50 to 79 years of age who experienced a first-ever @entity1 between 1989 and 1998 were included. RESULTS: We included 3621 @entity0 (1969 @entity0 , 1652 @entity0 ). The age-standardized incidence was 647 per 100,000 @entity0 -years for @entity0 and 400 per 100,000 @entity0 -years for @entity0 . The annual increase-3.1% in @entity0 (P<0.05) and 2.9% in @entity0 (P<0.05)-was more pronounced in the younger age groups and was lowest in areas with poor socioeconomic circumstances. We found that 13% of the @entity0 and 6% of the @entity0 had a history of @entity2 ; this proportion was stable over the study period. The average case fatality rates in 1989 to 1998 were 10% for @entity0 and 9.3% for @entity0 . Rates remained stable for @entity0 but declined significantly in @entity0 (odds ratio per year, 0.895; 95% confidence interval, 0.84 to 0.95). CONCLUSIONS: In this urban population, @entity1 incidence increased between 1989 and 1998. The rate of increase tended to be lower in residential areas with least favorable socioeconomic circumstances. The proportion with a history of @entity2 remained unchanged during the study period. There has been significant improvement in the case fatality rate in @entity0 but not in @entity0 .

title: Increasing @entity1 incidence and decreasing case fatality, 1989-1998: a study from the XXXX register in Malm  , Sweden.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the ECG features in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and related factors for the occurrence of @entity2 secondary to @entity1 . METHODS: Data from 68 @entity0 with @entity1 from January 1998 to March 2011 were studied. The @entity0 were classified into three groups: severe @entity2 (n=42), non-severe @entity2 (n=20) and non- @entity2 (n=6). Left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVED), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) were compared. RESULTS: Abnormal ECG results were found in all of the 68 @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity3 (91%) and ectopic pulsatile (86%) were common. LVED in the severe @entity2 group (74  6 mm) was greater than that in the non-severe @entity2 group (65  4 mm; P<0.05) and non- @entity2 group (61  3 mm; P<0.05). LVED in the non-severe @entity2 group was also greater than that in the non- @entity2 group (P<0.05). LVEF and LVFS in the severe @entity2 group were (30  11)% and (22  4)%, respectively, which were lower than those in the non-severe @entity2 group   (37  12)% and (28  5)%, respectively   and non- @entity2 group   (45  9)% and (34  7)%, respectively   (P<0.05). There were also significant differences in the LVEF and LVFS between the non-severe @entity2 and non- @entity2 groups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The common abnormal ECG findings are @entity3 and ectopic pulsatile in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity2 is one of the main clinical manifestations of @entity1 . The occurrence of @entity2 is associated with the left ventricular size and heart function.

title: [Clinical analysis of 68 cases of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The form and function of blood vessels are determined by the cells that constitute their microenvironment. Brain tissue around @entity1 contains varying numbers of @entity1 cells that could influence local capillaries to lose their blood-brain barrier (BBB), as they do in the @entity1 itself. Microvascular permeability cannot be measured directly in @entity0 but can be inferred from a knowledge of vessel ultrastructure. The authors have examined the vascular ultrastructure associated with the BBB in @entity0 peritumoral brain tissue for evidence of BBB compromise and to correlate BBB features with the cellular components of the vessel microenvironment. Light microscopic examination of brain tissue samples in @entity0 with primary @entity2 showed that the tissue lying beyond the visible edge of the @entity1 ranged from essentially normal to grossly infiltrated with @entity1 cells. Although some of the vessels were structurally normal, the microvessels as a group had elongated junctional clefts (unfused regions) and an increase in the density of endothelial vesicles. Furthermore, the cleft index (the percentage of the junctional profile that is unfused) varied directly with the local cell density. A subpopulation of vessels enveloped by a layer of @entity1 cells was grossly abnormal. However, vessels that were not immediately invested by @entity1 cells also showed some abnormalities. It is concluded that @entity1 cells infiltrating peritumoral brain tissue cause blood vessels to take on some of the structural characteristics of leaky vessels. Since direct contact is not required, and since the degree of abnormality correlates with the number of @entity1 cells in the environment, the authors suggest that this inductive influence is exerted over a distance and is dependent on the concentration of the inducing factors.

title: Quantitative study of microvessel ultrastructure in XXXX peritumoral brain tissue. Evidence for a blood-brain barrier defect.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We present the first case of a @entity0 with no significant medical history who developed dissections of bilateral carotid and bilateral vertebral arteries, as well as a @entity4 , after a roller coaster ride. A 35-year-old @entity0 developed right-sided @entity7 followed by a frontal @entity1 immediately after a roller coaster ride. Five days after the incident, she developed complete @entity5 in her right eye for two hours. Subsequently, the vision improved but remained significantly decreased. On presentation, her visual acuity was 20/200 in the right and 20/20 in the left eye. Her fundus exam revealed @entity6 in the superotemporal retinal artery distribution without any visible emboli. Her neurological exam was otherwise normal. The cerebral angiogram showed bilateral internal carotid and @entity8 . The @entity0 remained stable with conservative therapy without further @entity3 or any new @entity2 . Outcomes for cervicocephalic @entity8 are usually favorable, but early diagnosis is critical for initiation of appropriate treatment of possible complications. Physicians must have a high index of suspicion for @entity8 when @entity0 note any @entity1 , @entity7 or vertigo triggered by violent motion after leisure activities such as roller coaster rides.

title: Bilateral internal carotid artery and XXXX with @entity4 after a roller coaster ride - case report and a review.

answer: @entity8


abstract: We present the first case of a @entity0 with no significant medical history who developed dissections of bilateral carotid and bilateral vertebral arteries, as well as a @entity4 , after a roller coaster ride. A 35-year-old @entity0 developed right-sided @entity7 followed by a frontal @entity1 immediately after a roller coaster ride. Five days after the incident, she developed complete @entity5 in her right eye for two hours. Subsequently, the vision improved but remained significantly decreased. On presentation, her visual acuity was 20/200 in the right and 20/20 in the left eye. Her fundus exam revealed @entity6 in the superotemporal retinal artery distribution without any visible emboli. Her neurological exam was otherwise normal. The cerebral angiogram showed bilateral internal carotid and @entity8 . The @entity0 remained stable with conservative therapy without further @entity3 or any new @entity2 . Outcomes for cervicocephalic @entity8 are usually favorable, but early diagnosis is critical for initiation of appropriate treatment of possible complications. Physicians must have a high index of suspicion for @entity8 when @entity0 note any @entity1 , @entity7 or vertigo triggered by violent motion after leisure activities such as roller coaster rides.

title: Bilateral internal carotid artery and @entity8 with XXXX after a roller coaster ride - case report and a review.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 is normally caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in the type I collagen genes @entity4 and @entity1 . The severity of @entity2 varies, ranging from perinatal lethality to a very mild phenotype. Although there have been many reports of @entity4 and @entity1 mutations, few cases have been reported in Chinese @entity0 . We report on five unrelated families and three sporadic cases. The mutations were detected by PCR and direct sequencing. Four mutations in @entity4 and one in @entity1 were found, among which three mutations were previously unreported. The mutation rates of @entity3 at base 128 in intron 31 of the @entity4 gene and @entity5 at base 162 in intron 30 of the @entity1 gene were higher than normal. The @entity0 ' clinical characteristics with the same mutation were variable even in the same family. We conclude that mutations in @entity4 and @entity1 also have an important role in @entity2 in the Chinese population. As the Han Chinese @entity0 account for a quarter of the world's population, these new data contribute to the type I collagen mutation map.

title: Mutation characteristics in type I collagen genes in Chinese @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is normally caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in the type I collagen genes @entity4 and @entity1 . The severity of @entity2 varies, ranging from perinatal lethality to a very mild phenotype. Although there have been many reports of @entity4 and @entity1 mutations, few cases have been reported in Chinese @entity0 . We report on five unrelated families and three sporadic cases. The mutations were detected by PCR and direct sequencing. Four mutations in @entity4 and one in @entity1 were found, among which three mutations were previously unreported. The mutation rates of @entity3 at base 128 in intron 31 of the @entity4 gene and @entity5 at base 162 in intron 30 of the @entity1 gene were higher than normal. The @entity0 ' clinical characteristics with the same mutation were variable even in the same family. We conclude that mutations in @entity4 and @entity1 also have an important role in @entity2 in the Chinese population. As the Han Chinese @entity0 account for a quarter of the world's population, these new data contribute to the type I collagen mutation map.

title: Mutation characteristics in type I collagen genes in Chinese XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypothermic bypass with @entity8 for @entity13 ( @entity13 ) repair is employed for its protective effect on spinal cord function and because it avoids clamping the diseased aorta. However, @entity6 caused by @entity14 as well as @entity5 tendencies due to deep @entity12 have been described. In this paper we compared the efficacies of the hypothermic and normothermic operations. METHODS: Between February 1996 and June 2000, 28 @entity0 underwent thoracoabdominal aortic repair. Twenty-three @entity0 were @entity0 , 5 were @entity0 , and the median age was 55.3 (range 23 to 75 years). Fourteen @entity0 had @entity10 , and 7 had @entity11 . Fourteen @entity0 required reconstruction of visceral arteries. Twelve @entity0 underwent @entity13 repair under deep hypothermic @entity8 (H group), and 15 under normothermic distal perfusion (N group), while 1 @entity0 underwent a simple clamp procedure. Perioperative data and early outcomes were compared between groups. RESULTS: The overall 30-day mortality rate was 0%, but 3 @entity0 (25.0%) in II group, and 1 @entity0 (6.3%) in N group died during hospital stay. Operation time and bypass time were longer in H group than N group (operative time 793 min vs. 481 min (p < 0.05): cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time 255 min vs. 102 min (p < 0.05). Also, more @entity7 was found in H group than in N group (3,506 ml vs. 1,220 ml). @entity2 did not occur in either group. @entity9 occurred in 3 @entity0 (25.0%) in H group and one (6.3%) in N group. @entity3 occurred in 3 (25.0%) in H group, and none in N group. CONCLUSION: Early and mid-term outcome of @entity13 repair was almost satisfactory and without @entity4 . The deep hypothermic operation is more likely to induce postoperative respiratory and @entity1 than the normothermic operation. @entity13 repair using deep hypothermic @entity8 should be limited to @entity0 with @entity13 involving the distal arch or a severely calcified aortic wall.

title: [Comparative study of hypothermic @entity8 and normothermic distal perfusion for XXXX repair].

answer: @entity13


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hypothermic bypass with @entity8 for @entity13 ( @entity13 ) repair is employed for its protective effect on spinal cord function and because it avoids clamping the diseased aorta. However, @entity6 caused by @entity14 as well as @entity5 tendencies due to deep @entity12 have been described. In this paper we compared the efficacies of the hypothermic and normothermic operations. METHODS: Between February 1996 and June 2000, 28 @entity0 underwent thoracoabdominal aortic repair. Twenty-three @entity0 were @entity0 , 5 were @entity0 , and the median age was 55.3 (range 23 to 75 years). Fourteen @entity0 had @entity10 , and 7 had @entity11 . Fourteen @entity0 required reconstruction of visceral arteries. Twelve @entity0 underwent @entity13 repair under deep hypothermic @entity8 (H group), and 15 under normothermic distal perfusion (N group), while 1 @entity0 underwent a simple clamp procedure. Perioperative data and early outcomes were compared between groups. RESULTS: The overall 30-day mortality rate was 0%, but 3 @entity0 (25.0%) in II group, and 1 @entity0 (6.3%) in N group died during hospital stay. Operation time and bypass time were longer in H group than N group (operative time 793 min vs. 481 min (p < 0.05): cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time 255 min vs. 102 min (p < 0.05). Also, more @entity7 was found in H group than in N group (3,506 ml vs. 1,220 ml). @entity2 did not occur in either group. @entity9 occurred in 3 @entity0 (25.0%) in H group and one (6.3%) in N group. @entity3 occurred in 3 (25.0%) in H group, and none in N group. CONCLUSION: Early and mid-term outcome of @entity13 repair was almost satisfactory and without @entity4 . The deep hypothermic operation is more likely to induce postoperative respiratory and @entity1 than the normothermic operation. @entity13 repair using deep hypothermic @entity8 should be limited to @entity0 with @entity13 involving the distal arch or a severely calcified aortic wall.

title: [Comparative study of hypothermic XXXX and normothermic distal perfusion for @entity13 repair].

answer: @entity8


abstract: We have previously reported an increased prevalence of elevated blood pressure in Hispanic adolescent males. The pressure elevation did not correlate with weight. In this study, we evaluated the response to antihypertensive therapy of eight adolescent Hispanic males found to have elevated pressure during high school screening. All @entity0 were placed on placebo tablets b.i.d. for 2 weeks with weekly blood pressure readings. Those with persistently elevated pressures (at or above the 95th percentile) underwent laboratory testing, exercise testing, and echocardiography. An age-matched group of Hispanic adolescents with blood pressure recording below the 90th percentile were also exercised. @entity0 were then placed on 0.1 mg @entity3 b.i.d. for 12 weeks. Pretherapy exercise testing demonstrated an abnormal systolic @entity1 response (mean 193 +/- 43 mmHg) that improved after therapy (mean 167 +/- 28 mmHg). Echocardiographic data were normal. All @entity0 had elevated levels of VLDL and @entity4 . Five @entity0 also had HDL levels below the 50th percentile for age and sex. We conclude that this population is similar to other @entity1 adolescent populations in exercise response pre- and posttherapy with @entity3 , but they demonstrated a unique clinical feature in the elevation of the VLDL and @entity2 lipoprotein fractions.

title: Clinical parameters of adolescent Hispanic male XXXX subjects: a new subject?

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity8 ) is currently being used in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity6 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two classes of drugs, @entity4 and @entity9 , on @entity8 synovial fluid concentrations. A novel @entity5 model of @entity1 was used, in which each animal served as its own control with both inflamed and normal knees in the same animal. After the 6-week immunization process, animals in each group received either no drug (control), @entity3 or @entity2 (low dose and high dose) for 1 week before @entity8 . On the day of the study, each animal was given i.v. @entity8 , and serial serum and synovial fluid samples were obtained. Laboratory, histologic and clinical observations supported the presence of @entity1 . The end-of-infusion synovial @entity8 concentration in inflamed knees was significantly greater than in normal knees (P less than .05), but, 2 hr after the end of infusion, they were not different. The end-of-infusion ratio of synovial fluid @entity8 concentration to serum @entity8 concentration (both total and unbound) was significantly lower in the @entity3 group than in the other treatment groups (P less than .05). The end-of-infusion ratio of the @entity8 synovial concentration in the inflamed knee compared with the normal knee at 2 hr was significantly lower in the @entity3 group than in the other three treatment groups (P less than .05). These results have therapeutic implications for the use of @entity8 in treating @entity6 .

title: Influence of concomitant XXXX or @entity3 on @entity7 synovial fluid concentration.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity8 ) is currently being used in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity6 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two classes of drugs, @entity4 and @entity9 , on @entity8 synovial fluid concentrations. A novel @entity5 model of @entity1 was used, in which each animal served as its own control with both inflamed and normal knees in the same animal. After the 6-week immunization process, animals in each group received either no drug (control), @entity3 or @entity2 (low dose and high dose) for 1 week before @entity8 . On the day of the study, each animal was given i.v. @entity8 , and serial serum and synovial fluid samples were obtained. Laboratory, histologic and clinical observations supported the presence of @entity1 . The end-of-infusion synovial @entity8 concentration in inflamed knees was significantly greater than in normal knees (P less than .05), but, 2 hr after the end of infusion, they were not different. The end-of-infusion ratio of synovial fluid @entity8 concentration to serum @entity8 concentration (both total and unbound) was significantly lower in the @entity3 group than in the other treatment groups (P less than .05). The end-of-infusion ratio of the @entity8 synovial concentration in the inflamed knee compared with the normal knee at 2 hr was significantly lower in the @entity3 group than in the other three treatment groups (P less than .05). These results have therapeutic implications for the use of @entity8 in treating @entity6 .

title: Influence of concomitant @entity2 or XXXX on @entity7 synovial fluid concentration.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity8 ) is currently being used in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity6 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two classes of drugs, @entity4 and @entity9 , on @entity8 synovial fluid concentrations. A novel @entity5 model of @entity1 was used, in which each animal served as its own control with both inflamed and normal knees in the same animal. After the 6-week immunization process, animals in each group received either no drug (control), @entity3 or @entity2 (low dose and high dose) for 1 week before @entity8 . On the day of the study, each animal was given i.v. @entity8 , and serial serum and synovial fluid samples were obtained. Laboratory, histologic and clinical observations supported the presence of @entity1 . The end-of-infusion synovial @entity8 concentration in inflamed knees was significantly greater than in normal knees (P less than .05), but, 2 hr after the end of infusion, they were not different. The end-of-infusion ratio of synovial fluid @entity8 concentration to serum @entity8 concentration (both total and unbound) was significantly lower in the @entity3 group than in the other treatment groups (P less than .05). The end-of-infusion ratio of the @entity8 synovial concentration in the inflamed knee compared with the normal knee at 2 hr was significantly lower in the @entity3 group than in the other three treatment groups (P less than .05). These results have therapeutic implications for the use of @entity8 in treating @entity6 .

title: Influence of concomitant @entity2 or @entity3 on XXXX synovial fluid concentration.

answer: @entity7