abstract: @entity0 with @entity4 who are in complete remission 2 years after treatment have a very high probability of cure, and reports of recurrences occurring after 2 years are rare. Of 81 @entity1 @entity0 treated for advanced disease at Vanderbilt University between 1970 and 1985, five developed a recurrent or metachronous germinal @entity1 58 to 195 months after the initial treatment. Only two of these @entity0 had received prior @entity3 -based combination chemotherapy. Four @entity0 had unfavorable prognostic features when @entity1 recurrence was diagnosed. All five @entity0 responded to salvage chemotherapy, although there were only two complete responses. The extent of disease was a significant factor in predicting response to salvage therapy. The possible mechanisms of development of a late recurrence of @entity1 include the following: (1) malignant degeneration of mature @entity2 to germinal @entity1 ; (2) growth of an occult @entity1 not eliminated by chemotherapy due to the presence of a blood-testicular barrier; (3) development of a second primary germ cell @entity1 ; or (4) late relapse due to persistent microscopic viable @entity1 with an atypical less aggressive biologic behavior. "Cured" germ cell @entity1 @entity0 need careful follow-up beyond 2 years. At a minimum, these @entity0 should be seen annually. @entity0 found to have @entity2 following @entity3 -based chemotherapy should probably undergo more frequent evaluations.

title: Late recurrences in long-term survivors of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effect of the mycotoxin @entity5 (DS) on the upper alimentary tract was studied on account of the association between the consumption of food contaminated by Fusaria and @entity3 . Previously it had been shown that a single high dose of DS induced basal cell replication in esophagus and in squamous and glandular stomach. To assess the significance of this effect in relation to the levels of exposure likely to be encountered by @entity0 and agricultural animals, it was essential to examine the dose response relationship. Also, the long-term effect of repeated intubations of DS, and of chronic feeding of DS at 10 ppm in the diet, was studied. Intubation of progressively lower doses of DS produced a decreasing effect on replication in esophagus and stomach, but at 0.06 mg/kg replication in squamous and glandular stomach was still more than in the control animals. Intubation repeated weekly for 6-8 weeks produced no detectable change in esophagus or stomach in the surviving animals which were killed at 9 months. When DS was fed in the diet, there was marked @entity4 in the squamous stomach of two of the four animals which survived for 9 months. These results suggest that DS per se is not carcinogenic for esophagus or for stomach, and that exposure to occasional high doses does not cause persisting abnormalities in replication. However, repeated exposure to high doses would cause repeated periods of @entity4 , and chronic exposure in some animals could result in continuing @entity4 . Any increase in replication is likely to promote @entity1 by increasing the vulnerability of the @entity2 .

title: Acute and chronic effects of XXXX on cell replication in rat esophagus and stomach.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Two rat monoclonal antibodies, 34A and 201B, have been isolated and shown to bind preferentially to capillary endothelial cells in the lung. Administration of these antibodies to @entity3 increases the number of lung colonies derived from i.v. injection of @entity2 cells. The antibodies increase lung colonization in C57BL/6 @entity3 following i.v. injection of @entity3 @entity5 cells and in BALB/c @entity3 following injection of line 1 @entity0 cells. Neither 34A nor 201B monoclonal antibody binds to B16 @entity5 or line 1 @entity4 and so must exert its effect by interaction with endothelial cells. Antibodies injected i.v., s.c., or i.p. are active from 1 h to 1 wk if injected before cell injection. The effect is optimal when 0.1 ml of ascites fluid containing 120 micrograms of antigen binding capacity of both MoAbs 34A and 201B is injected. Significant damage to endothelial cells could not be documented by histopathological examination at the light microscope level or by protein leakage into the air space as measured by lung lavage. However, electron micrographs taken 3 h after monoclonal antibody injection show minor damage to endothelial cell membranes throughout the lung with some areas of mild @entity1 . The increased colonization may be mediated by this subtle damage to endothelial cells, or antibody interactions with endothelial cells may trigger secondary reactions such as altered expression of growth factors.

title: XXXX colony formation by treatment of mice with monoclonal antibodies to pulmonary capillary endothelial cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We conducted a prospective, randomized study to clarify the role of radiotherapy of the @entity2 in limited small-cell @entity1 . After stratification for sex and for performance score based on the ability to ambulate, @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive initial radiotherapy plus chemotherapy, delayed radiotherapy plus chemotherapy, or chemotherapy alone. The chemotherapy consisted of @entity6 , @entity8 ( @entity8 ), and @entity7 , with @entity5 subsequently replacing @entity8 in alternate cycles 7 through 18. Chemotherapy was given every three weeks for 18 months. The radiotherapy comprised 4000 rad in four weeks, followed by a 1000-rad "boost" directed against @entity3 . All @entity0 received prophylactic whole-brain radiation. The @entity0 enrolled totaled 426, and 399 were evaluable. There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of complete responses in favor of the two radiotherapy regimens (P = 0.0013). Failure-free survival was also longer with these two regimens (P less than 0.001), as was the interval before treatment failure in the chest (P less than 0.001) and overall survival (P = 0.0099). As expected, toxic effects--chiefly neutropenia--were also increased. The addition of radiotherapy of the @entity2 to combination chemotherapy improved both complete-response rates and survival, with increased but acceptable @entity4 .

title: Chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy in limited small-cell XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: One- and two-dimensional (correlated shift spectroscopy) high resolution proton n.m.r. spectra of @entity0 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are reported. The merits of water suppression by freeze drying or irradiation, and spectral simplification by spin-echo methods, are discussed. Well-resolved resonances for a range of low molecular weight metabolites such as @entity7 , @entity19 , @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity10 , @entity2 , @entity16 and @entity17 were observed. Resonances for @entity8 were observed only from freeze dried samples. Concentrations determined by n.m.r. were in reasonable agreement with those from conventional methods. The n.m.r. spectra of CSF were related to the clinical conditions of the subjects. No resonances for @entity10 were present in spectra of CSF from subjects (three @entity0 ) with @entity15 ; high @entity7 and lowered @entity2 levels were observed. Strong resonances for @entity2 and @entity12 were observed for mildly @entity1 subjects. Both the aromatic and the aliphatic regions of the CSF spectra from subjects suffering from @entity9 contained distinctive features characteristic for @entity18 : Intense resonances for @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity16 , @entity11 , @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity14 . In some cases @entity13 was also present, which does not appear to have been reported previously. The two-dimensional spectrum suggested the presence of abnormally high levels of a number of endogenous metabolites. Such assignments were not possible using one-dimensional spectra alone because of signal overlap.

title: High resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies of XXXX cerebrospinal fluid.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Blood monocytes were analyzed in 28 @entity0 with @entity2 without previous cytotoxic therapy and without recent infection. Using monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, monocytes identified by LeuM3 or My4 were low in percentage (2.3%), but absolute numbers were increased in many @entity0 with values exceeding the normal range (120 to 510/microliter) in seven of 28 @entity0 . Monocytosis was more prominent in @entity0 with high leukemic counts, but there was no correlation to clinical stages. Monocytopenia was evident with less than 50 LeuM3+ cells/microliter in three @entity0 . Two-color fluorescence was used for the analysis of cell surface expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II molecules, complement receptors, and Fc receptors on the LeuM3+ monocytes. Compared to cells from control donors, there was an increase for MHC class II antigens, complement receptors, and Fc receptors on the monocytes in @entity2 , in terms of both the percentage of positive cells among the LeuM3+ monocytes and of fluorescence intensity. This increase was not restricted to @entity0 with monocytosis nor were the molecules always upregulated concomitantly. The increase of antigen expression on LeuM3+ monocytes was more than 50% (1.5-fold) in seven of 22 @entity0 for MHC Class II antigens, in seven of 16 @entity0 for complement receptor and in six of 12 @entity0 for Fc receptor. A similar decrease of antigen expression was observed only in one @entity0 for MHC Class II and in one @entity0 for complement receptor expression. Monocytosis and increased expression of monocyte cell surface antigens described for a large portion of @entity0 might be causally involved in the @entity1 in @entity2 .

title: Abnormal blood monocytes in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We have constructed and functionally tested a cassette-vector-system for the transcription and translation of open reading frames (ORFs) in cells of higher eukaryotes. The vectors are derived from the plasmid pBR322 and can be selected and amplified in @entity2 . Alternative eukaryotic promoters can be inserted between the restriction sites SphI and KpnI, translation initiation motifs between KpnI and BglII, linkers for the adjustment of the translation reading frame and the insertion of genes or gene segments between BglII and HindIII, followed by a HindIII-EcoRI segment with splicing and polyadenylation signals derived from SV40. A prototype vector system, pORFEX11, 12 and 13, contains the strong cytomegalovirus immediately early promoter and a 10-bp motif of the SV40 T-antigen translation start. Polylinkers derived from pUC18 permit the insertion of ATG-less ORFs downstream from the ATG of the vector. Either of the three alternative polylinkers adjusts the appropriate translation frame. A similar construct contains the regulatable promoter of the @entity1 heat shock gene 70. We inserted genes or gene segments, that code for the bacterial @entity4 acetyltransferase, the bacterial gene conferring resistance against @entity5 , and the ORF E7 of the @entity3 type 18 into these vectors. After transfection of @entity0 L fibroblasts, all proteins and functions were expressed in accordance with the prediction. In transiently transfected L cells, the E7 protein expressed from pORFEX12 constitutes approximately 2.0% of total cell protein. This E7 protein could be localized by immunocytochemistry as a cytoplasmic component.

title: Expression of the XXXX type 18 E7 gene by a cassette-vector system for the transcription and translation of open reading frames in eukaryotic cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The renal vasculature of @entity0 Kyoto spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR), prior to (4-5 week) and during established @entity1 (21 week) and those of age-matched @entity0 Kyoto normotensive @entity0 (WKY) were morphometrically and pharmacologically studied. Under dilated conditions, the vascular resistances (RVR) of the isolated kidneys of young and adult SHR were similar to WKY. Morphometric measurements of renal vasculature indicated that the cross-sectional area of the intima and adventitia and its subcomponents were similar in adult SHR and WKY. With the exception of the preglomerular arterioles, all the renal arteries of adult SHR exhibited elevated cross-sectional quantities of total media, medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and extracellular space. Analysis of the SMCs indicated the presence of increased numbers of @entity4 and/or an increase in the SMC volume-to-surface area ratio in arteries sampled from adult SHR. Vascular contraction produced by infusing @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity3 , or by stimulating the renal nerves elevated the RVR to a greater degree in adult SHR than in WKY. The sensitivity of the renal vasculature to the various contractile agents was similar in adult SHR and WKY. When compared with WKY, prehypertensive SHR also exhibited increased cross-sectional quantities of arterial media and elevated amplitudes of RVR change in response to @entity2 and renal nerve stimulation. However, the vascular contractile sensitivity to @entity2 was reduced. Our results indicate that renovascular wall thickening and the hypercontractile reactivity associated with such a change precedes @entity1 in SHR. In prehypertensive SHR, elevations in RVR might be counterbalanced by a decreased @entity2 sensitivity. An increase in the @entity2 contractile sensitivity and further vascular thickening with age could elevate the RVR and establish @entity1 .

title: Structural and reactivity alterations of the renal vasculature of spontaneously XXXX @entity0 prior to and during established @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The renal vasculature of @entity0 Kyoto spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR), prior to (4-5 week) and during established @entity1 (21 week) and those of age-matched @entity0 Kyoto normotensive @entity0 (WKY) were morphometrically and pharmacologically studied. Under dilated conditions, the vascular resistances (RVR) of the isolated kidneys of young and adult SHR were similar to WKY. Morphometric measurements of renal vasculature indicated that the cross-sectional area of the intima and adventitia and its subcomponents were similar in adult SHR and WKY. With the exception of the preglomerular arterioles, all the renal arteries of adult SHR exhibited elevated cross-sectional quantities of total media, medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and extracellular space. Analysis of the SMCs indicated the presence of increased numbers of @entity4 and/or an increase in the SMC volume-to-surface area ratio in arteries sampled from adult SHR. Vascular contraction produced by infusing @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity3 , or by stimulating the renal nerves elevated the RVR to a greater degree in adult SHR than in WKY. The sensitivity of the renal vasculature to the various contractile agents was similar in adult SHR and WKY. When compared with WKY, prehypertensive SHR also exhibited increased cross-sectional quantities of arterial media and elevated amplitudes of RVR change in response to @entity2 and renal nerve stimulation. However, the vascular contractile sensitivity to @entity2 was reduced. Our results indicate that renovascular wall thickening and the hypercontractile reactivity associated with such a change precedes @entity1 in SHR. In prehypertensive SHR, elevations in RVR might be counterbalanced by a decreased @entity2 sensitivity. An increase in the @entity2 contractile sensitivity and further vascular thickening with age could elevate the RVR and establish @entity1 .

title: Structural and reactivity alterations of the renal vasculature of spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 prior to and during established XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The renal vasculature of @entity0 Kyoto spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR), prior to (4-5 week) and during established @entity1 (21 week) and those of age-matched @entity0 Kyoto normotensive @entity0 (WKY) were morphometrically and pharmacologically studied. Under dilated conditions, the vascular resistances (RVR) of the isolated kidneys of young and adult SHR were similar to WKY. Morphometric measurements of renal vasculature indicated that the cross-sectional area of the intima and adventitia and its subcomponents were similar in adult SHR and WKY. With the exception of the preglomerular arterioles, all the renal arteries of adult SHR exhibited elevated cross-sectional quantities of total media, medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and extracellular space. Analysis of the SMCs indicated the presence of increased numbers of @entity4 and/or an increase in the SMC volume-to-surface area ratio in arteries sampled from adult SHR. Vascular contraction produced by infusing @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity3 , or by stimulating the renal nerves elevated the RVR to a greater degree in adult SHR than in WKY. The sensitivity of the renal vasculature to the various contractile agents was similar in adult SHR and WKY. When compared with WKY, prehypertensive SHR also exhibited increased cross-sectional quantities of arterial media and elevated amplitudes of RVR change in response to @entity2 and renal nerve stimulation. However, the vascular contractile sensitivity to @entity2 was reduced. Our results indicate that renovascular wall thickening and the hypercontractile reactivity associated with such a change precedes @entity1 in SHR. In prehypertensive SHR, elevations in RVR might be counterbalanced by a decreased @entity2 sensitivity. An increase in the @entity2 contractile sensitivity and further vascular thickening with age could elevate the RVR and establish @entity1 .

title: Structural and reactivity alterations of the renal vasculature of spontaneously @entity1 XXXX prior to and during established @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have completely sequenced a gene encoding the heavy chain of myosin II, a nonmuscle myosin from the soil ameba @entity4 . The gene spans 6 kb, is split by three small introns, and encodes a 1,509-residue heavy chain polypeptide. The positions of the three introns are largely conserved relative to characterized vertebrate and invertebrate muscle myosin genes. The deduced @entity5 head @entity2 sequence shows a high degree of similarity with the globular head sequences of the @entity0 embryonic skeletal muscle and @entity3 unc 54 muscle myosins. By contrast, there is no unique way to align the deduced myosin II rod @entity2 sequence with the rod sequence of these muscle myosins. Nevertheless, the periodicities of hydrophobic and charged residues in the myosin II rod sequence, which dictate the coiled-coil structure of the rod and its associations within the myosin filament, are very similar to those of the muscle myosins. We conclude that this ameba nonmuscle myosin shares with the muscle myosins of vertebrates and invertebrates an ancestral heavy chain gene. The low level of direct sequence similarity between the rod sequences of @entity1 probably reflects a general tolerance for residue changes in the rod domain (as long as the periodicities of hydrophobic and charged residues are largely maintained), the relative evolutionary "ages" of these myosins, and specific differences between the filament properties of @entity1 . Finally, sequence analysis and electron microscopy reveal the presence within the myosin II rodlike tail of a well-defined hinge region where sharp bending can occur. We speculate that this hinge may play a key role in mediating the effect of heavy chain phosphorylation on enzymatic activity.

title: Complete nucleotide sequence and deduced polypeptide sequence of a nonmuscle myosin heavy chain gene from XXXX : evidence of a hinge in the rodlike tail.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the response of briefly ischemic and reperfused myocardium to subsequent moderate reductions of coronary arterial flow. In mongrel @entity4 , a carotid to left anterior descending coronary shunt was constricted to produce moderate @entity5 (50-60% of control) and to thereby reduce regional systolic thickening (measured by echocardiography or sonomicrometry). First, we demonstrated an abnormal response of reperfused myocardium to subsequent @entity6 . We performed two episodes of @entity8 , with an intervening 5-minute complete coronary shunt occlusion followed by 30 minutes of reperfusion. In a control group, the same two shunt stenoses were done, but no intervening shunt occlusion was performed. In the control @entity4 , repeated @entity8 that produced equivalent perfusion reductions also produced equivalent declines in regional wall thickening. In contrast, in the intervention group (animals undergoing the intervening occlusion-reperfusion sequence between two shunt stenoses), the second @entity8 produced an exaggerated decline in regional systolic thickening, even though the decline in myocardial perfusion was similar to the first @entity7 . Second, we sought to demonstrate the mechanism of the exaggerated decline of the reperfused myocardium to subsequent moderate @entity6 . Again, two groups of animals were studied. Each group underwent two episodes of @entity8 with an intervening sequence of 5 minutes of complete shunt occlusion and 30 minutes of reperfusion. In addition, one of the groups received an infusion of the @entity0 free radical scavengers @entity3 dismutase and @entity9 during the occlusion-reperfusion sequence. In the @entity3 dismutase and @entity9 -treated animals, the decline in regional systolic function during the postreperfusion shunt @entity7 was similar to the preocclusion @entity7 . Thus, @entity0 free radical scavengers blocked the exaggerated contraction decline in response to the postreperfusion flow reduction. We conclude that briefly ischemic and reperfused myocardium displays an exaggerated response to subsequent coronary arterial @entity6 and that this response is a subtle manifestation of @entity1 , or "stunning." The mechanism is probably @entity0 free radical @entity2 .

title: Sensitization of reperfused myocardium to subsequent XXXX . An extension of the concept of myocardial stunning.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Conditioned media from explants of @entity0 @entity4 in short-term organ culture were analysed for plasminogen activator activity, activity toward the synthetic urokinase substrate, Spectrozyme-UK, and for the presence of urokinase antigen using monospecific goat antibody, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Comparisons were made between @entity3 , adjacent normal mucosa and metastatic lesions. These analyses were carried out on unfractionated culture fluids and on fractions obtained by fast protein liquid chromatography separation using Superose 6 gels. Plasminogen activator activity, tested by azocaseinolysis in the presence of added plasminogen, was restricted to peaks of 55 kD and 155 kD. These were of the urokinase type as shown by specific immunoinhibition and by absorption by an antiurokinase antibody-Affigel 10 column. Spectrozyme-UK, in addition to these peaks, detected a series of higher molecular weight activities, the largest of which appeared in the void volume, and were therefore of greater than 10(6) molecular weight. These activities were greatly increased by inclusion of trace @entity8 indicating that these components were mostly in their proenzyme forms. The characteristics of these very large enzymes were similar to those isolated earlier from a @entity0 @entity1 cell line. Comparison of the primary and @entity2 confirmed earlier observations showing that urokinase secretion by the @entity2 was greatly reduced in comparison with the @entity3 : in the @entity6 it was 10 per cent of the value for the primary, in the @entity5 3 per cent, whether means or medians were compared (P less than 0.0001). This large difference was characteristic only of plasminogen activator secretion assayable by azocaseinolysis; activities toward Spectrozyme-UK, and antigen reacting with anti-urokinase antibody, were considerably less different in the two groups. In individual tissues, no correlation was found between the amount of extractable plasminogen activator and amounts secreted, or between the latter and the amount of @entity7 released. It is postulated that the greatly reduced plasminogen activator secretion by explants of @entity2 may be a phenotypic characteristic of distinct advantage for @entity3 cells destined to initiate metastatic foci, and may contribute to the ability of circulating @entity3 cells to lodge in the blood vessels of the target organ.

title: Secretion of plasminogen activators by @entity0 colorectal and XXXX explants.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Conditioned media from explants of @entity0 @entity4 in short-term organ culture were analysed for plasminogen activator activity, activity toward the synthetic urokinase substrate, Spectrozyme-UK, and for the presence of urokinase antigen using monospecific goat antibody, by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Comparisons were made between @entity3 , adjacent normal mucosa and metastatic lesions. These analyses were carried out on unfractionated culture fluids and on fractions obtained by fast protein liquid chromatography separation using Superose 6 gels. Plasminogen activator activity, tested by azocaseinolysis in the presence of added plasminogen, was restricted to peaks of 55 kD and 155 kD. These were of the urokinase type as shown by specific immunoinhibition and by absorption by an antiurokinase antibody-Affigel 10 column. Spectrozyme-UK, in addition to these peaks, detected a series of higher molecular weight activities, the largest of which appeared in the void volume, and were therefore of greater than 10(6) molecular weight. These activities were greatly increased by inclusion of trace @entity8 indicating that these components were mostly in their proenzyme forms. The characteristics of these very large enzymes were similar to those isolated earlier from a @entity0 @entity1 cell line. Comparison of the primary and @entity2 confirmed earlier observations showing that urokinase secretion by the @entity2 was greatly reduced in comparison with the @entity3 : in the @entity6 it was 10 per cent of the value for the primary, in the @entity5 3 per cent, whether means or medians were compared (P less than 0.0001). This large difference was characteristic only of plasminogen activator secretion assayable by azocaseinolysis; activities toward Spectrozyme-UK, and antigen reacting with anti-urokinase antibody, were considerably less different in the two groups. In individual tissues, no correlation was found between the amount of extractable plasminogen activator and amounts secreted, or between the latter and the amount of @entity7 released. It is postulated that the greatly reduced plasminogen activator secretion by explants of @entity2 may be a phenotypic characteristic of distinct advantage for @entity3 cells destined to initiate metastatic foci, and may contribute to the ability of circulating @entity3 cells to lodge in the blood vessels of the target organ.

title: Secretion of plasminogen activators by XXXX colorectal and @entity5 explants.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Pancreatic @entity2 are virtually pathognomonic of chronic @entity3 and develop in up to 90% of @entity0 with @entity5 in series with long-term results. We investigated the natural course of pancreatic @entity2 in a prospective longitudinal study over the past 23 yr. All @entity0 were studied at regular intervals with particular regard to etiology, clinical findings, surgery, pancreatic function, and pancreatic @entity2 visible by x-ray (e.g., film series in three projections centered on the pancreas). We evaluated the findings of 107 @entity0 with x-ray documentation of pancreatic @entity2 in at least three film series over a period of 4 yr or longer. Eighty-four @entity0 had @entity5 (group A) and 23 @entity0 had @entity4 (group B). Four hundred seventy-two film series of group A and one hundred forty-two film series of group B were reviewed independently by two expert teams. Both series were graded according to a score system in terms of intensity and distribution of pancreatic @entity2 (correlation of grading r = 0.91). The duration of @entity2 averaged 10 yr in group A and 12.6 yr in group B. Similar dynamic changes of pancreatic @entity2 were noted in groups A and B. Chronologically, three phases of evolution could be distinguished. After an initial increase (phase 1), greater than 50% of cases reached a plateau of stationary @entity2 (phase 2). Approximately one-third of cases showed a marked decrease of @entity2 in late phases of chronic @entity3 (phase 3). Dissolution of pancreatic stones was related primarily to duration of chronic @entity3 (duration of @entity2 and marked @entity1 ), and occurred frequently (but not exclusively) in @entity0 after ductal drainage procedures. These results indicate that spontaneous dissolution of pancreatic stones is a rather common biologic phenomenon. The factors responsible for dissolution of stones remain to be elucidated.

title: Evolution and regression of pancreatic calcification in chronic pancreatitis. A prospective long-term study of 107 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Whole-abdomen radiation therapy has been utilized as primary adjunctive therapy in the management of epithelial @entity2 with encouraging results. The results reported when using standard fractionation protocols in @entity0 with recurrent or persistent @entity2 have been poor and treatment-related @entity4 have been severe. There are reported theoretical and clinical advantages of hyperfractionation of ionizing radiation in treating @entity1 . Fifteen @entity0 have been treated with a twice-a-day whole-abdomen, open-field radiation technique delivering 80 cGy per fraction, to a total dose of 3040 cGy in 19 treatment days. All @entity0 had @entity2 with persistent disease detected at pretreatment laparotomy after @entity9 -based chemotherapy. All @entity0 had moderately to poorly differentiated @entity1 with @entity3 less than 1 cm. Acute side effects of treatment included mild to moderate @entity6 and @entity5 . @entity8 (less than 50,000) was noted in five @entity0 . No @entity7 or infectious complications were noted, and no @entity0 required hospital admission for side effects. Disease recurred in nine @entity0 with two still alive 13 and 52 months after starting irradiation. Six @entity0 are currently alive without evidence of disease at follow-up, ranging from eight to 48 months. The mean survival to date is 20 months with four @entity0 alive more than 2 years, and two @entity0 alive for greater than 3 years from their radiation therapy. @entity0 tolerance has been acceptable, and both the short and long-term @entity4 are minimal. Late side effects of treatment have not been noted. This technique offers a chance for a long, disease-free interval and possible cure in well-defined cases of chemotherapy-treated @entity0 with persistent @entity2 .

title: Hyperfractionation of whole-abdomen radiation therapy: salvage treatment of persistent XXXX following chemotherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Tricyclic antidepressants ( @entity2 ) bind to activated charcoal both in vitro and in vivo in healthy volunteers after a therapeutic dose of @entity2 . These findings provide a basis for the routine use of activated charcoal in @entity2 @entity3 . The object of this study was to examine the effect of a single dose of 20 g of activated charcoal in @entity1 @entity0 . Ninety-one @entity0 from four centres with suspected @entity2 @entity1 were entered into a randomized study. Gastric lavage was performed on all @entity0 . Thirty-four received 20 g of activated charcoal and 43 served as controls. Fourteen @entity0 were excluded. Plasma drug concentrations were taken on admission and at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h. The incidence of toxic symptoms was registered during 24 h. There was no significant difference in the area under the plasma drug concentration versus time curve, the peak plasma concentrations or plasma half-lives between the two groups. Toxic symptoms were more frequent in the non-treated groups although this difference was not statistically significant. In @entity0 with @entity2 @entity1 initially treated with gastric lavage, a single dose of 20 g of activated charcoal had no effect on the systemic absorption or elimination of @entity2 .

title: Activated charcoal in tricyclic antidepressant XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Mutations in six genes that eliminate responsiveness of @entity0 a cells to alpha-factor were examined by assaying the binding of radioactively labeled alpha-factor to determine whether their lack of responsiveness was due to the absence of alpha-factor receptors. The @entity5 mutants, known to be defective in the structural gene for the receptor, were found to lack receptors when grown at the restrictive temperature; these mutations probably affect the assembly of active receptors. Mutations in @entity4 known to block @entity5 mRNA accumulation also resulted in an absence of receptors. Mutations in @entity2 , 5, 7, and 11 partially reduced the number of binding sites, but this reduction was not sufficient to explain the loss of responsiveness; the products of these genes appear to affect postreceptor steps of the response pathway. As a second method of distinguishing the roles of the various STE genes, we examined the sterile mutants for suppression. Mating of the @entity7 mutant was apparently limited by its sensitivity to alpha-factor, as its sterility was suppressed by mutation @entity6 -1, which leads to enhanced alpha-factor sensitivity. Sterility resulting from each of four @entity2 mutations was suppressed partially by mutation @entity6 -1 or by mutation bar1-1 when one of three other mutations ( @entity8 -1, ros2-1, or @entity9 -1) was also present. Sterility of the @entity1 -3 mutant was suppressed by mutation @entity8 -1 but not by @entity6 -1. The @entity3 , 11, and 12 mutations were not suppressed by @entity8 or @entity6 . Our working model is that STE genes control the response to alpha-factor at two distinct steps. Defects at one step (requiring the @entity5 gene are suppressed (directly or indirectly) by mutation @entity6 -1, whereas defects at the other step (requiring the @entity1 gene) are suppressed by the @entity8 -1 mutation. The @entity2 mutants are defective for both steps. Mutation @entity8 -1 was found to be allelic to cdc39-1. Map positions for genes @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity9 , and @entity10 were determined.

title: XXXX mutants unresponsive to alpha-factor pheromone: alpha-factor binding and extragenic suppression.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity3 gene of @entity1 encodes the minor species, iso-2, of the cytochrome c protein. Its expression is governed by two regulatory sequences upstream from the gene: a positive site which stimulates transcription 240 base pairs 5' from the protein-coding sequence (-240) and a negative site which inhibits transcription at -300. In this study, the nature of the positive site and its relationship to the negative site has been investigated. Expression of the @entity3 gene is weakly inducible by @entity0 . This effect was greatly enhanced by the semidominant @entity2 -16 mutation in the trans-acting gene @entity2 . The weak @entity0 regulation in wild-type cells and the enhanced induction in @entity2 -16 mutants were found to be mediated through the positive site. A mutational analysis of this site implicated at least part of a tandem, direct repeat of 9 base pairs as essential for the functioning of this site. The relationship between the positive and negative sites was investigated by comparing the expression of the intact gene with that of derivatives lacking either one or the other site. The expression of the gene containing only the negative site was actually stimulated anaerobically, while the gene containing the positive site alone, although having higher expression aerobically than anaerobically, had higher anaerobic expression than did the intact gene. Thus, it appeared that the combination of the positive and negative sites suppressed anaerobic expression. A model which attempts to explain these properties of the two sites and account for the regulation of the expression of the intact gene is presented.

title: Elements involved in XXXX regulation of the @entity1 @entity3 gene.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity3 gene of @entity1 encodes the minor species, iso-2, of the cytochrome c protein. Its expression is governed by two regulatory sequences upstream from the gene: a positive site which stimulates transcription 240 base pairs 5' from the protein-coding sequence (-240) and a negative site which inhibits transcription at -300. In this study, the nature of the positive site and its relationship to the negative site has been investigated. Expression of the @entity3 gene is weakly inducible by @entity0 . This effect was greatly enhanced by the semidominant @entity2 -16 mutation in the trans-acting gene @entity2 . The weak @entity0 regulation in wild-type cells and the enhanced induction in @entity2 -16 mutants were found to be mediated through the positive site. A mutational analysis of this site implicated at least part of a tandem, direct repeat of 9 base pairs as essential for the functioning of this site. The relationship between the positive and negative sites was investigated by comparing the expression of the intact gene with that of derivatives lacking either one or the other site. The expression of the gene containing only the negative site was actually stimulated anaerobically, while the gene containing the positive site alone, although having higher expression aerobically than anaerobically, had higher anaerobic expression than did the intact gene. Thus, it appeared that the combination of the positive and negative sites suppressed anaerobic expression. A model which attempts to explain these properties of the two sites and account for the regulation of the expression of the intact gene is presented.

title: Elements involved in @entity0 regulation of the @entity1 XXXX gene.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The @entity3 gene of @entity1 encodes the minor species, iso-2, of the cytochrome c protein. Its expression is governed by two regulatory sequences upstream from the gene: a positive site which stimulates transcription 240 base pairs 5' from the protein-coding sequence (-240) and a negative site which inhibits transcription at -300. In this study, the nature of the positive site and its relationship to the negative site has been investigated. Expression of the @entity3 gene is weakly inducible by @entity0 . This effect was greatly enhanced by the semidominant @entity2 -16 mutation in the trans-acting gene @entity2 . The weak @entity0 regulation in wild-type cells and the enhanced induction in @entity2 -16 mutants were found to be mediated through the positive site. A mutational analysis of this site implicated at least part of a tandem, direct repeat of 9 base pairs as essential for the functioning of this site. The relationship between the positive and negative sites was investigated by comparing the expression of the intact gene with that of derivatives lacking either one or the other site. The expression of the gene containing only the negative site was actually stimulated anaerobically, while the gene containing the positive site alone, although having higher expression aerobically than anaerobically, had higher anaerobic expression than did the intact gene. Thus, it appeared that the combination of the positive and negative sites suppressed anaerobic expression. A model which attempts to explain these properties of the two sites and account for the regulation of the expression of the intact gene is presented.

title: Elements involved in @entity0 regulation of the XXXX @entity3 gene.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In order to find out whether beta-endorphin (beta-E) is involved in the development of @entity1 , we performed two series of experiments. Firstly, spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR) and their normotensive @entity0 Kyoto controls (WKY) were submitted to ether stress. Plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-EI), @entity2 (ACTH) and @entity3 ) were measured by radioimmunoassay. The basal concentration of beta-EI was similar in WKY and SHR, whereas WKY had higher levels of ACTH and lower levels of @entity3 than SHR. In both strains acute stress enhanced the plasma concentration of beta-EI to the same extent and with a similar time-course. The increase of plasma beta-EI coincided with a rise in ACTH but not @entity3 . Gel chromatography of beta-EI revealed that plasma extracts contain similar amounts of beta-lipotropin- (beta-LPH) and beta-E-sized immunoreactive components, and that acute stress elevated both forms of beta-EI. Secondly, isolated tail arteries of SHR and WKY were perfused and field stimulated with two pulses at 1 Hz. beta-E depressed stimulation-evoked vasoconstriction with the same potency in both strains. Thus, basal and stress-induced levels of beta-EI did not differ in SHR and WKY. Moreover, in the tail artery of both strains the sensitivity of presynaptic opioid receptors towards beta-E was almost identical. If the beta-E sensitivity of these receptors in other arteries of WKY and SHR is also similar a major role of the circulating peptide in the development of @entity1 is rather unlikely.

title: Plasma concentration and vascular effect of beta-endorphin in spontaneously XXXX and @entity0 Kyoto @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In order to find out whether beta-endorphin (beta-E) is involved in the development of @entity1 , we performed two series of experiments. Firstly, spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR) and their normotensive @entity0 Kyoto controls (WKY) were submitted to ether stress. Plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-EI), @entity2 (ACTH) and @entity3 ) were measured by radioimmunoassay. The basal concentration of beta-EI was similar in WKY and SHR, whereas WKY had higher levels of ACTH and lower levels of @entity3 than SHR. In both strains acute stress enhanced the plasma concentration of beta-EI to the same extent and with a similar time-course. The increase of plasma beta-EI coincided with a rise in ACTH but not @entity3 . Gel chromatography of beta-EI revealed that plasma extracts contain similar amounts of beta-lipotropin- (beta-LPH) and beta-E-sized immunoreactive components, and that acute stress elevated both forms of beta-EI. Secondly, isolated tail arteries of SHR and WKY were perfused and field stimulated with two pulses at 1 Hz. beta-E depressed stimulation-evoked vasoconstriction with the same potency in both strains. Thus, basal and stress-induced levels of beta-EI did not differ in SHR and WKY. Moreover, in the tail artery of both strains the sensitivity of presynaptic opioid receptors towards beta-E was almost identical. If the beta-E sensitivity of these receptors in other arteries of WKY and SHR is also similar a major role of the circulating peptide in the development of @entity1 is rather unlikely.

title: Plasma concentration and vascular effect of beta-endorphin in spontaneously @entity1 and XXXX Kyoto @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In order to find out whether beta-endorphin (beta-E) is involved in the development of @entity1 , we performed two series of experiments. Firstly, spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR) and their normotensive @entity0 Kyoto controls (WKY) were submitted to ether stress. Plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin-like immunoreactivity (beta-EI), @entity2 (ACTH) and @entity3 ) were measured by radioimmunoassay. The basal concentration of beta-EI was similar in WKY and SHR, whereas WKY had higher levels of ACTH and lower levels of @entity3 than SHR. In both strains acute stress enhanced the plasma concentration of beta-EI to the same extent and with a similar time-course. The increase of plasma beta-EI coincided with a rise in ACTH but not @entity3 . Gel chromatography of beta-EI revealed that plasma extracts contain similar amounts of beta-lipotropin- (beta-LPH) and beta-E-sized immunoreactive components, and that acute stress elevated both forms of beta-EI. Secondly, isolated tail arteries of SHR and WKY were perfused and field stimulated with two pulses at 1 Hz. beta-E depressed stimulation-evoked vasoconstriction with the same potency in both strains. Thus, basal and stress-induced levels of beta-EI did not differ in SHR and WKY. Moreover, in the tail artery of both strains the sensitivity of presynaptic opioid receptors towards beta-E was almost identical. If the beta-E sensitivity of these receptors in other arteries of WKY and SHR is also similar a major role of the circulating peptide in the development of @entity1 is rather unlikely.

title: Plasma concentration and vascular effect of beta-endorphin in spontaneously @entity1 and @entity0 Kyoto XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) have become an important tool in the investigation of @entity6 . Electrically evoked SEPs are most suitable because they provide results with small variations and are readily repeatable. Techniques for testing 10 different @entity8 , dermatomes, cutaneous fibers of trigeminal nerve, and nerves supplying urogenital areas are now available. The established, principal areas of application are in the investigation of @entity11 , proximal injuries of individual nerves in upper and lower limbs, and @entity3 and in the differential diagnosis of @entity3 caused by psychogenic causes or organic lesions. The techniques have proven to be of value in demonstrating early proximal abnormalities in @entity4 . Abnormalities have occurred in trigeminal nerve lesions, @entity12 , @entity7 , and rare @entity1 . @entity5 have also been reported in @entity10 , @entity9 , and other conditions. Applications in the diagnosis of @entity2 are not satisfactory; the techniques' usefulness in the investigation of these lesions does not extend beyond aiding the selection of @entity0 for other diagnostic modalities, such as myelography, computed tomography (CT), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. The usefulness of SEP techniques in the diagnosis of @entity6 will remain, even if advances in organ imaging techniques can provide more specific information about the level and magnitude of lesions in the central nervous system. SEP techniques are an important complement to the other well-established methods, such as clinical testing, electromyography, and nerve conduction studies.

title: Role of somatosensory evoked potentials in the diagnosis of XXXX : recent advances.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Coxsackie @entity7 infections are common and frequently asymptomatic. However in young @entity0 , they can cause primary @entity3 and complicate previous @entity1 . Virus diagnosis is difficult and based mainly on the detection of significant rising or stating high neutralizing antibody titers. A clinical and epidemiological five years study investigated 3,856 sera. 30.2% of the @entity0 had evidence of a significant antibody titer (greater than or equal to 64) to one of the group B Coxsackie viruses; this percentage reaches 34.6% in cardiology and fluctuates from year to year; Coxsackie B2 is predominant (55.9%) in cardiology; coxsackie B1 and B2 antibody responses were detected more frequently than @entity8 . Coxsackie B6 appears to be uncommon. From these, 66 @entity0 have evidence of coxsackie @entity7 infections with 60.2% for Coxsackie B2; they include @entity6 (30.3%), acute and chronic @entity3 (19.7%). Moreover it has been suggested that Coxsackie @entity7 might be responsible for electrocardiographic abnormalities (9.1%), @entity5 and @entity4 . Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay with purified antigens (VP1 and VP4) did not appear better than microneutralisation for evaluation of IgM and IgG antibodies. To elucidate the mechanisms of @entity2 it is refer to viral replication, virus specific and auto-reactive T cells cytotoxic activities.

title: [Coxsackie XXXX infections in cardiology. Apropos of 66 cases].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Pimpled egg shells are one of the various types of egg shell problems in the industry today. In this study, graded levels of @entity3 (D3) (0, 138, 275, 550, 2200, 22,000, 44,000, and 88,000 ICU of D3/kg of feed) were fed in a @entity4 -soy ration to Single Comb White Leghorn hens (78 weeks of age), randomly assigned to one of the eight treatments. Feed consumption, egg production, egg weight, egg specific gravity, and pimple score were determined at weekly or biweekly intervals for a 10-week period. At termination of the experiment, @entity0 , @entity2 , @entity1 , and ash content of the uterus and serum @entity0 levels were assayed. Results showed that a significant (P less than .05) linear increase in pimple score, uterine ash, and serum @entity0 occurred as dietary levels of D3 increased. Egg production and egg specific gravity were correlated to D3 level in a quadratic fashion. Uterine @entity2 levels declined with increased D3 in the diet, while @entity1 values showed no differences. @entity0 levels of uterine tissue tended to increase with increased D3. The lowest (0 ICU/kg) and highest level of D3 (88,000 ICU/kg) significantly decreased feed consumption. It was concluded that egg shell pimpling is directly related to level of @entity3 (D3) in the diet.

title: Effects of feeding graded levels of XXXX on egg shell pimpling in aged hens.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effects of intravenous (i.v.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of @entity2 on jejunal and colonic motility were investigated in conscious @entity0 chronically prepared with strain gage transducers and compared to those of i.c.v. @entity5 , a highly selective opiate mu agonist. @entity2 i.v. (100 micrograms/kg) and i.c.v. (10 micrograms/kg) administered 3 hrs after a meal stimulated colonic motility for 3-5 hrs and induced a phase 3 on the jejunum, which appeared after a 15-60 min delay following i.c.v. administration. These effects were reproduced by @entity5 administration at doses of 2 micrograms/kg i.v. and 0.2 micrograms/kg i.c.v. The effects of i.v., but not those of i.c.v., @entity2 and @entity5 on jejunal and colonic motility were blocked by a previous administration of @entity3 (100 micrograms/kg i.v.). The colonic stimulation but not the jejunal phase 3 induced by i.c.v. @entity2 and @entity5 were blocked by @entity4 (1 mg/kg i.v.), a selective @entity1 antagonist. The colonic stimulation induced by i.v. @entity2 or @entity5 was not modify by i.v. @entity4 . It is concluded that i.c.v. administration of mu agonist involved @entity1 but not opiate receptors to stimulate colonic motility in @entity0 .

title: Reversal of the effects of centrally-administered @entity2 on colonic motility in @entity0 by the XXXX receptor antagonist @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effects of intravenous (i.v.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of @entity2 on jejunal and colonic motility were investigated in conscious @entity0 chronically prepared with strain gage transducers and compared to those of i.c.v. @entity5 , a highly selective opiate mu agonist. @entity2 i.v. (100 micrograms/kg) and i.c.v. (10 micrograms/kg) administered 3 hrs after a meal stimulated colonic motility for 3-5 hrs and induced a phase 3 on the jejunum, which appeared after a 15-60 min delay following i.c.v. administration. These effects were reproduced by @entity5 administration at doses of 2 micrograms/kg i.v. and 0.2 micrograms/kg i.c.v. The effects of i.v., but not those of i.c.v., @entity2 and @entity5 on jejunal and colonic motility were blocked by a previous administration of @entity3 (100 micrograms/kg i.v.). The colonic stimulation but not the jejunal phase 3 induced by i.c.v. @entity2 and @entity5 were blocked by @entity4 (1 mg/kg i.v.), a selective @entity1 antagonist. The colonic stimulation induced by i.v. @entity2 or @entity5 was not modify by i.v. @entity4 . It is concluded that i.c.v. administration of mu agonist involved @entity1 but not opiate receptors to stimulate colonic motility in @entity0 .

title: Reversal of the effects of centrally-administered @entity2 on colonic motility in @entity0 by the @entity1 receptor antagonist XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effects of intravenous (i.v.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of @entity2 on jejunal and colonic motility were investigated in conscious @entity0 chronically prepared with strain gage transducers and compared to those of i.c.v. @entity5 , a highly selective opiate mu agonist. @entity2 i.v. (100 micrograms/kg) and i.c.v. (10 micrograms/kg) administered 3 hrs after a meal stimulated colonic motility for 3-5 hrs and induced a phase 3 on the jejunum, which appeared after a 15-60 min delay following i.c.v. administration. These effects were reproduced by @entity5 administration at doses of 2 micrograms/kg i.v. and 0.2 micrograms/kg i.c.v. The effects of i.v., but not those of i.c.v., @entity2 and @entity5 on jejunal and colonic motility were blocked by a previous administration of @entity3 (100 micrograms/kg i.v.). The colonic stimulation but not the jejunal phase 3 induced by i.c.v. @entity2 and @entity5 were blocked by @entity4 (1 mg/kg i.v.), a selective @entity1 antagonist. The colonic stimulation induced by i.v. @entity2 or @entity5 was not modify by i.v. @entity4 . It is concluded that i.c.v. administration of mu agonist involved @entity1 but not opiate receptors to stimulate colonic motility in @entity0 .

title: Reversal of the effects of centrally-administered XXXX on colonic motility in @entity0 by the @entity1 receptor antagonist @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of intravenous (i.v.) and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of @entity2 on jejunal and colonic motility were investigated in conscious @entity0 chronically prepared with strain gage transducers and compared to those of i.c.v. @entity5 , a highly selective opiate mu agonist. @entity2 i.v. (100 micrograms/kg) and i.c.v. (10 micrograms/kg) administered 3 hrs after a meal stimulated colonic motility for 3-5 hrs and induced a phase 3 on the jejunum, which appeared after a 15-60 min delay following i.c.v. administration. These effects were reproduced by @entity5 administration at doses of 2 micrograms/kg i.v. and 0.2 micrograms/kg i.c.v. The effects of i.v., but not those of i.c.v., @entity2 and @entity5 on jejunal and colonic motility were blocked by a previous administration of @entity3 (100 micrograms/kg i.v.). The colonic stimulation but not the jejunal phase 3 induced by i.c.v. @entity2 and @entity5 were blocked by @entity4 (1 mg/kg i.v.), a selective @entity1 antagonist. The colonic stimulation induced by i.v. @entity2 or @entity5 was not modify by i.v. @entity4 . It is concluded that i.c.v. administration of mu agonist involved @entity1 but not opiate receptors to stimulate colonic motility in @entity0 .

title: Reversal of the effects of centrally-administered @entity2 on colonic motility in XXXX by the @entity1 receptor antagonist @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We evaluated the tail-skin temperature response to administration of several doses of @entity3 in @entity4 -induced @entity0 @entity1 after 48 h and after 4 weeks of @entity0 . Blood @entity2 concentrations were significantly increased over controls 48 hours after administration of @entity4 (65 mg/kg, i.v.) and remained elevated to a similar degree in the 4-week group. Basal rectal temperature and tail-skin temperature (TST) were not different between controls and the @entity0 groups and were not affected by administration of saline. However, administration of @entity3 (25 micrograms/kg, s.c.) caused a significant rise in TST in the control group, but not in the @entity1 @entity0 for 4 weeks. A similar but exaggerated response was observed in the controls after subcutaneous administration of 40 micrograms/kg and 100 micrograms/kg of @entity3 . The TST response in the 4-week @entity0 @entity1 still remained negligible with the two higher doses of @entity3 . When the data were summarized as area under the TST curve, a dose-dependent increase was observed in the control groups and a significant absence of response was observed in the 4-week group. The @entity1 studied 48 h after @entity4 injection had a similar TST response to the control group after administration of 40 micrograms/kg of @entity3 . Colonic temperatures did not significantly change between the two groups in any of the studies, although the colonic temperatures tended to rise in the control groups following administration of @entity3 . We conclude from this study that the absence of a tail-skin temperature response in @entity1 @entity0 for 4 weeks results from either a reduced beta-adrenergic receptor mediated response or an altered neural thermoregulatory reflex response, or both. These changes are probably not due to @entity4 treatment or increases in blood @entity2 .

title: Altered tail-skin temperature responsiveness in XXXX -induced @entity0 @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We evaluated the tail-skin temperature response to administration of several doses of @entity3 in @entity4 -induced @entity0 @entity1 after 48 h and after 4 weeks of @entity0 . Blood @entity2 concentrations were significantly increased over controls 48 hours after administration of @entity4 (65 mg/kg, i.v.) and remained elevated to a similar degree in the 4-week group. Basal rectal temperature and tail-skin temperature (TST) were not different between controls and the @entity0 groups and were not affected by administration of saline. However, administration of @entity3 (25 micrograms/kg, s.c.) caused a significant rise in TST in the control group, but not in the @entity1 @entity0 for 4 weeks. A similar but exaggerated response was observed in the controls after subcutaneous administration of 40 micrograms/kg and 100 micrograms/kg of @entity3 . The TST response in the 4-week @entity0 @entity1 still remained negligible with the two higher doses of @entity3 . When the data were summarized as area under the TST curve, a dose-dependent increase was observed in the control groups and a significant absence of response was observed in the 4-week group. The @entity1 studied 48 h after @entity4 injection had a similar TST response to the control group after administration of 40 micrograms/kg of @entity3 . Colonic temperatures did not significantly change between the two groups in any of the studies, although the colonic temperatures tended to rise in the control groups following administration of @entity3 . We conclude from this study that the absence of a tail-skin temperature response in @entity1 @entity0 for 4 weeks results from either a reduced beta-adrenergic receptor mediated response or an altered neural thermoregulatory reflex response, or both. These changes are probably not due to @entity4 treatment or increases in blood @entity2 .

title: Altered tail-skin temperature responsiveness in @entity4 -induced XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We evaluated the tail-skin temperature response to administration of several doses of @entity3 in @entity4 -induced @entity0 @entity1 after 48 h and after 4 weeks of @entity0 . Blood @entity2 concentrations were significantly increased over controls 48 hours after administration of @entity4 (65 mg/kg, i.v.) and remained elevated to a similar degree in the 4-week group. Basal rectal temperature and tail-skin temperature (TST) were not different between controls and the @entity0 groups and were not affected by administration of saline. However, administration of @entity3 (25 micrograms/kg, s.c.) caused a significant rise in TST in the control group, but not in the @entity1 @entity0 for 4 weeks. A similar but exaggerated response was observed in the controls after subcutaneous administration of 40 micrograms/kg and 100 micrograms/kg of @entity3 . The TST response in the 4-week @entity0 @entity1 still remained negligible with the two higher doses of @entity3 . When the data were summarized as area under the TST curve, a dose-dependent increase was observed in the control groups and a significant absence of response was observed in the 4-week group. The @entity1 studied 48 h after @entity4 injection had a similar TST response to the control group after administration of 40 micrograms/kg of @entity3 . Colonic temperatures did not significantly change between the two groups in any of the studies, although the colonic temperatures tended to rise in the control groups following administration of @entity3 . We conclude from this study that the absence of a tail-skin temperature response in @entity1 @entity0 for 4 weeks results from either a reduced beta-adrenergic receptor mediated response or an altered neural thermoregulatory reflex response, or both. These changes are probably not due to @entity4 treatment or increases in blood @entity2 .

title: Altered tail-skin temperature responsiveness in @entity4 -induced @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have examined possible mechanisms by which osmolality might modulate @entity10 secretion in dispersed @entity2 @entity9 cells. Increasing medium osmolality by adding @entity7 causes a marked, dose-dependent increase in @entity10 release. The maximum effect (4-fold increase) is observed when osmolality is around 650 mosM, with half-maximal stimulation at about 400 mosM. When osmolality is increased to a similar extent with either sucrose or @entity7 , @entity10 secretion is enhanced to a comparable degree, suggesting that osmolality itself, rather than ionic strength, is responsible for the increase in @entity10 secretion. Time course experiments show that the increased secretion of @entity10 with high osmolality occurs very rapidly (in less than 5 min). In contrast to the suppressive effects of high @entity0 on @entity10 release, increasing @entity3 concentration in the incubation media does not inhibit the stimulation of @entity10 secretion by high osmolality. Moreover, the effects of @entity4 (10(-5) M) and high osmolality on @entity10 release are additive, further suggesting that high osmolality and @entity1 modulate @entity10 release by different mechanisms. In fact, direct measurement of cellular @entity1 in cells exposed to high osmolality shows no change relative to control cells incubated with normal osmolality, 127 +/- 20 vs. 146 +/- 21 fmol/10(5) cells, respectively. Cytosolic @entity0 increases from 257 +/- 29 nM to 703 +/- 50 nM after 200 mM @entity6 is added to the incubation medium at low @entity0 (0.5mM). Prior removal of extracellular @entity3 abolished this effect. Increasing the osmolality to a similar level by adding @entity5 to the medium does not demonstrate any increase in cytosolic @entity3 . We conclude that high osmolality is a potent secretogogue in dispersed @entity2 @entity9 cells. Unlike @entity4 and @entity8 , high osmolality does not act through changes in intracellular @entity1 . It also prevents the normal inhibitory effect of high @entity0 on @entity10 release. Change of cytosolic @entity0 is variable and suggests that the effect of high osmolality on @entity10 release cannot be explained by cytosolic @entity0 alone. Further understanding of the mechanisms by which osmolality affects @entity10 release, therefore, may provide clues to the unusual inverse relationship between extracellular and cytosolic @entity3 and @entity10 release.

title: High osmolality: a potent @entity9 hormone secretogogue in dispersed XXXX cells.

answer: @entity9


abstract: We have examined possible mechanisms by which osmolality might modulate @entity10 secretion in dispersed @entity2 @entity9 cells. Increasing medium osmolality by adding @entity7 causes a marked, dose-dependent increase in @entity10 release. The maximum effect (4-fold increase) is observed when osmolality is around 650 mosM, with half-maximal stimulation at about 400 mosM. When osmolality is increased to a similar extent with either sucrose or @entity7 , @entity10 secretion is enhanced to a comparable degree, suggesting that osmolality itself, rather than ionic strength, is responsible for the increase in @entity10 secretion. Time course experiments show that the increased secretion of @entity10 with high osmolality occurs very rapidly (in less than 5 min). In contrast to the suppressive effects of high @entity0 on @entity10 release, increasing @entity3 concentration in the incubation media does not inhibit the stimulation of @entity10 secretion by high osmolality. Moreover, the effects of @entity4 (10(-5) M) and high osmolality on @entity10 release are additive, further suggesting that high osmolality and @entity1 modulate @entity10 release by different mechanisms. In fact, direct measurement of cellular @entity1 in cells exposed to high osmolality shows no change relative to control cells incubated with normal osmolality, 127 +/- 20 vs. 146 +/- 21 fmol/10(5) cells, respectively. Cytosolic @entity0 increases from 257 +/- 29 nM to 703 +/- 50 nM after 200 mM @entity6 is added to the incubation medium at low @entity0 (0.5mM). Prior removal of extracellular @entity3 abolished this effect. Increasing the osmolality to a similar level by adding @entity5 to the medium does not demonstrate any increase in cytosolic @entity3 . We conclude that high osmolality is a potent secretogogue in dispersed @entity2 @entity9 cells. Unlike @entity4 and @entity8 , high osmolality does not act through changes in intracellular @entity1 . It also prevents the normal inhibitory effect of high @entity0 on @entity10 release. Change of cytosolic @entity0 is variable and suggests that the effect of high osmolality on @entity10 release cannot be explained by cytosolic @entity0 alone. Further understanding of the mechanisms by which osmolality affects @entity10 release, therefore, may provide clues to the unusual inverse relationship between extracellular and cytosolic @entity3 and @entity10 release.

title: High osmolality: a potent XXXX hormone secretogogue in dispersed @entity9 cells.

answer: @entity9


abstract: 1. In anesthetized @entity0 , we investigated excitatory and inhibitory inputs from the cerebral cortex to @entity2 neurons (DNNs) and determined the pathways responsible for mediating these inputs to DNNs. 2. Intracellular recordings were made from 201 DNNs whose locations were histologically determined. These neurons were identified as efferent DNNs by their antidromic responses to stimulation of the contralateral @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Stimulation of the contralateral pericruciate cortex produced excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) followed by long-lasting inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) in DNNs. The most effective stimulating sites for inducing these responses were observed in the medial portion (area 6) and its adjacent middle portion (area 4) of the precruciate gyrus. Convergence of cerebral inputs from area 4 and area 6 to single DNNs was rare. 3. To determine the precerebellar nuclei responsible for mediation of the cerebral inputs to the @entity2 ( @entity2 ), we examined the effects of stimulation of the @entity1 ( @entity1 ), the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis (NRTP) and the inferior olive (IO). Systematic mapping was made in the NRTP and the @entity1 to find effective low-threshold stimulating sites for evoking monosynaptic EPSPs in DNNs. Stimulation of either the @entity1 or the NRTP produced monosynaptic EPSPs and polysynaptic IPSPs in DNNs. Using a conditioning-testing paradigm (a conditioning stimulus to the cerebral peduncle (CP) and a test stimulus to the @entity1 or the NRTP) and intracellular recordings from DNNs, we tested cerebral effects on neurons in the @entity1 and the NRTP making a monosynaptic connection with DNNs. Conditioning stimulation of the CP facilitated @entity1 - and NRTP-induced monosynaptic EPSPs in DNNs. This spatial facilitation indicated that the excitatory inputs from the cerebral cortex to DNNs are at least partly relayed via the @entity1 and the NRTP. 4. Stimulation of the contralateral IO produced monosynaptic EPSPs and polysynaptic IPSPs in DNNs. These monosynaptic EPSPs were facilitated by conditioning stimulation of the CP, strongly suggesting that the IO is partly responsible for mediating excitatory inputs from the cerebral cortex to the @entity2 . A comparison was made between the latencies of IO-evoked IPSPs in DNNs and the latencies of IO-evoked complex spikes in Purkinje cells. Such a comparison indicated that the shortest-latency IPSPs evoked from the IO were not mediated via the Purkinje cells and suggested the pathway mediated by inhibitory interneurons in the @entity2 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Excitatory inputs to cerebellar XXXX neurons from the cerebral cortex in the cat.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effect of repeated interactions of antibodies with cell surface antigens have been examined in in vitro, but not in in vivo systems. In this study are described the results of multiple antibody-cell surface antigen interactions in vivo. @entity0 were given repeated intravenous injections of goat antibodies to @entity2 ( @entity2 ), an antigen expressed on the surface of lung endothelial cells. For prevention of anaphylactic reactions, which would have been induced by multiple injections of heterologous immune or nonimmune IgG, the @entity0 were made neonatally tolerant to goat IgG. Divalent immune IgG given daily for 21 days induced chronic antigenic modulation (antigen disappearance) with resistance to antibody-mediated inflammatory lesions. The @entity0 , however, developed degenerative changes of alveolar endothelial and epithelial cells. Administration of immune IgG every other day for 43 days allowed partial reexpression of @entity2 and was associated with intravascular, but not interstitial, inflammatory changes. In contrast, repeated administration of monovalent immune Fab did not induce antigenic modulation but caused severe, lethal, @entity1 . Thus, in this experimental model the development of acute interstitial inflammatory changes correlates with persistence of antigen and is abrogated by disappearance of antigen induced by divalent antibodies. Further, repeated endothelial antigen antibody interactions fail to induce chronic inflammatory or sclerosing lung lesions.

title: Lung injury mediated by antibodies to endothelium. II. Study of the effect of repeated antigen-antibody interactions in XXXX tolerant to heterologous antibody.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Primary monolayers grown from F1 band of a Percoll gradient centrifugation ("distal" monolayers) were studied, after confluency, 6-14 days after seeding. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy revealed that two cell types, resembling principal cells of the @entity0 cortical collecting tubule (CCT) and intercalated cells of either CCT or connecting tubule, constitute approximately 96% of the monolayer. About two-thirds of the intercalated cells fluoresced when treated with fluorescent peanut lectin. Indirect specific immunocytofluorescent staining revealed fluorescence in 96% of the cells, confirming that the monolayers were derived from CCT or connecting tubule cells. Exposure of monolayers to vasopressin or @entity3 increases @entity1 ( @entity1 ) content in the cells and bathing medium, whereas parathyroid hormone was ineffective. Electrophysiological studies revealed a transepithelial voltage (VT) of -11 +/- 2 mV, and basolateral membrane voltage (Vb) of -77 +/- 5 mV (n = 20). The transepithelial electrical @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was 1,870 +/- 250 omega X cm2 (n = 13). In three out of six monolayers, @entity4 (10(-5) M) applied to the apical side produced an increase in apical membrane voltage (Va) from -71 +/- 1 to -89 +/- 9 mV) and a decrease in VT (from -10 +/- 1 to -2 +/- 1 mV). The @entity2 did not change during @entity4 exposure. Exposure of the apical membrane to 140 mM K+-depolarized Va from -67 +/- 7 to -39 +/- 11 mV (P less than 0.002) and hyperpolarized VT from -7 +/- 2 to -15 +/- 3 mV (P less than 0.005). Exposure to high K+ from the basolateral side depolarized Vb from -76 +/- 11 to -43 +/- 10 mV (P less than 0.001) and depolarized VT from -9 +/- to 8 +/- 5 mV (P less than 0.001). This preparation is suitable to study basic aspects of epithelial transport by electrophysiological methods and other techniques. The findings are consistent with several of the known properties of cortical collecting tubules from @entity0 studied by the isolated perfused tubule technique.

title: Electrophysiological studies of primary cultures of XXXX distal tubule cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A combination of quantitatively evaluated morphological parameters and of conventional prognostic indicators has been used to study 19 cases of @entity4 from @entity1 treated only by surgery, later developing recurrences or @entity2 . This set of @entity1 not treated with adjuvant therapy (radiotherapy, cytostatic or hormonal therapy), was selected from 350 consecutive @entity0 which had been treated with surgical therapy. The aim was to investigate whether the morphometrical features are correlated with disease-free survival. Of the single features, the mitotic activity index (MAI) is most strongly correlated with prognosis. Ten of the 19 @entity1 had an MAI value above 9, and all of them recurred within 18 months. In contrast, of the 9 other @entity1 with low mitotic rate (MAI below or equal to 9), none recurred within 24 months. Further, a correlation exists between disease-free survival, mean and standard deviation of nuclear and nucleolar area, and tubular component of the @entity3 . There is no correlation between nuclear form factors and recurrence. The multivariate prognostic score is also significantly correlated with recurrence, but not as strongly as in other publications. This is obviously due to the blurring influence of the lymph node status, which was not significantly correlated with the prognosis. Thus, in this small set of @entity1 not treated with any adjuvant therapy, the results of morphometric analysis are in agreement with earlier data and emphasize the prognostic significance of quantitative microscopical analysis in @entity0 .

title: Correlation between morphometrical parameters and XXXX treated only by surgery.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To depict the general trends of muscle anaerobic performance in @entity1 subjects within a wide range of age and body weight. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study for the measurement of lower limb maximal anaerobic power output with a modification of the Margaria stair climbing test in a large population of @entity1 subjects of both genders within a wide span of age (18-80 y) and body mass index (BMI, 30-68 kg m(-2)). Furthermore, body composition was also determined by bioimpedance analysis in a representative subgroup, in order to evaluate the relationships between @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and power output. SUBJECTS: A total of 1298 @entity1 subjects (486 males, 812 females) from an Italian population seeking medical support for body @entity2 . Within this sample, a consistent subgroup of 193 subjects (59 males, 134 females) was also selected for accessory study of body composition. RESULTS: In general, male subjects developed significantly higher lower limb power output (W) than female subjects (P<0.001-0.01), both in absolute terms and per unit body mass. In both genders, W was influenced negatively by age (P<0.001) and positively by BMI (P<0.001). While the effect of age was similar in both genders, BMI had a different positive effect in male and in female subjects, being more definite in male subjects. In the subgroup, @entity3 was found to depend both on age and BMI, in a fashion comparable with that displayed by W. The gender-related differences in W disappeared when expressed per unit @entity3 and a significant linear correlation was found between @entity3 and W, both in male and female subjects (R2=0.32-0.51, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The lower limb maximal power output is significantly higher in @entity1 male subjects than in female subjects, being negatively influenced by age but positively related to BMI. Female subjects appear to be at a greater disadvantage for effect of @entity1 , the major motor limitations being suffered by older @entity0 with higher BMI. These gender differences in age- and BMI-dependent W changes seem to be related to changes in @entity3 in the subgroup in whom body composition was studied.

title: Influence of gender, age and BMI on lower limb muscular power output in a large population of XXXX @entity0 and @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To depict the general trends of muscle anaerobic performance in @entity1 subjects within a wide range of age and body weight. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study for the measurement of lower limb maximal anaerobic power output with a modification of the Margaria stair climbing test in a large population of @entity1 subjects of both genders within a wide span of age (18-80 y) and body mass index (BMI, 30-68 kg m(-2)). Furthermore, body composition was also determined by bioimpedance analysis in a representative subgroup, in order to evaluate the relationships between @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and power output. SUBJECTS: A total of 1298 @entity1 subjects (486 males, 812 females) from an Italian population seeking medical support for body @entity2 . Within this sample, a consistent subgroup of 193 subjects (59 males, 134 females) was also selected for accessory study of body composition. RESULTS: In general, male subjects developed significantly higher lower limb power output (W) than female subjects (P<0.001-0.01), both in absolute terms and per unit body mass. In both genders, W was influenced negatively by age (P<0.001) and positively by BMI (P<0.001). While the effect of age was similar in both genders, BMI had a different positive effect in male and in female subjects, being more definite in male subjects. In the subgroup, @entity3 was found to depend both on age and BMI, in a fashion comparable with that displayed by W. The gender-related differences in W disappeared when expressed per unit @entity3 and a significant linear correlation was found between @entity3 and W, both in male and female subjects (R2=0.32-0.51, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The lower limb maximal power output is significantly higher in @entity1 male subjects than in female subjects, being negatively influenced by age but positively related to BMI. Female subjects appear to be at a greater disadvantage for effect of @entity1 , the major motor limitations being suffered by older @entity0 with higher BMI. These gender differences in age- and BMI-dependent W changes seem to be related to changes in @entity3 in the subgroup in whom body composition was studied.

title: Influence of gender, age and BMI on lower limb muscular power output in a large population of @entity1 XXXX and @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To depict the general trends of muscle anaerobic performance in @entity1 subjects within a wide range of age and body weight. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study for the measurement of lower limb maximal anaerobic power output with a modification of the Margaria stair climbing test in a large population of @entity1 subjects of both genders within a wide span of age (18-80 y) and body mass index (BMI, 30-68 kg m(-2)). Furthermore, body composition was also determined by bioimpedance analysis in a representative subgroup, in order to evaluate the relationships between @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and power output. SUBJECTS: A total of 1298 @entity1 subjects (486 males, 812 females) from an Italian population seeking medical support for body @entity2 . Within this sample, a consistent subgroup of 193 subjects (59 males, 134 females) was also selected for accessory study of body composition. RESULTS: In general, male subjects developed significantly higher lower limb power output (W) than female subjects (P<0.001-0.01), both in absolute terms and per unit body mass. In both genders, W was influenced negatively by age (P<0.001) and positively by BMI (P<0.001). While the effect of age was similar in both genders, BMI had a different positive effect in male and in female subjects, being more definite in male subjects. In the subgroup, @entity3 was found to depend both on age and BMI, in a fashion comparable with that displayed by W. The gender-related differences in W disappeared when expressed per unit @entity3 and a significant linear correlation was found between @entity3 and W, both in male and female subjects (R2=0.32-0.51, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The lower limb maximal power output is significantly higher in @entity1 male subjects than in female subjects, being negatively influenced by age but positively related to BMI. Female subjects appear to be at a greater disadvantage for effect of @entity1 , the major motor limitations being suffered by older @entity0 with higher BMI. These gender differences in age- and BMI-dependent W changes seem to be related to changes in @entity3 in the subgroup in whom body composition was studied.

title: Influence of gender, age and BMI on lower limb muscular power output in a large population of @entity1 @entity0 and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Novel (non- @entity8 have many of the morphological, biochemical and biological properties described originally for @entity8 but they do not share the same group antigens. By negative-stain electron microscopy, novel rotaviruses have the characteristic rotavirus morphology, although with some novel rotaviruses the characteristic single- and double-shelled particles may not be readily apparent. Comparison of novel rotaviruses in serological tests has revealed the existence of at least six rotavirus serogroups, A to F, with the original rotaviruses belonging to group A. As with @entity8 , viruses from different animal species, including @entity0 , can belong to the same serogroup. A further point of difference between novel and @entity8 is their genome profiles, which lack the triplet of segments in the 7-8-9 region of @entity8 . This is a useful diagnostic aid. Novel rotaviruses have been found in farm animals and @entity0 . They can cause @entity5 experimentally and infect villus enterocytes. In @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity6 the viruses and/or antibody to them are commonly found, in association with either @entity7 . In @entity0 one type of novel virus has emerged as a cause of severe @entity1 in adults. The possible reasons for the relatively recent discovery of the novel rotaviruses are discussed.

title: Novel rotaviruses in animals and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A clinical trial of the drug "Rocaltrol" was carried out on 16 @entity0 with @entity2 , II of them with menopause @entity2 and 5 with @entity1 -induced @entity2 . The mean age of the @entity0 was 53.1 +/- 11.1 years. The mean daily dose of the drug was 0.46 +/- 0.08 mg/24h. The treatment lasted 6 months. All @entity0 showed improvement of the general condition and of @entity3 balance. Reliable increase of the total @entity3 and @entity4 levels and of the 24-hour @entity3 urine excretion were established, the maximal values being at the end of the third month. The X-ray examination showed stabilization of the bone changes and lack of new @entity5 . It is supposed that the drug improves the intestinal resorption of @entity3 and @entity4 and suppresses the bone resorption. This is proved by the reliable decrease of serum alkaline phosphatase level after the 6 month treatment. In all @entity0 clinical improvement was established with diminishing of the bone aches and retaining the body height before and after the treatment.

title: [Treatment of @entity0 with XXXX and @entity1 -induced @entity2 with the preparation Rocaltrol (1,25/OH/2 vitamin D3)].

answer: @entity2


abstract: A clinical trial of the drug "Rocaltrol" was carried out on 16 @entity0 with @entity2 , II of them with menopause @entity2 and 5 with @entity1 -induced @entity2 . The mean age of the @entity0 was 53.1 +/- 11.1 years. The mean daily dose of the drug was 0.46 +/- 0.08 mg/24h. The treatment lasted 6 months. All @entity0 showed improvement of the general condition and of @entity3 balance. Reliable increase of the total @entity3 and @entity4 levels and of the 24-hour @entity3 urine excretion were established, the maximal values being at the end of the third month. The X-ray examination showed stabilization of the bone changes and lack of new @entity5 . It is supposed that the drug improves the intestinal resorption of @entity3 and @entity4 and suppresses the bone resorption. This is proved by the reliable decrease of serum alkaline phosphatase level after the 6 month treatment. In all @entity0 clinical improvement was established with diminishing of the bone aches and retaining the body height before and after the treatment.

title: [Treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity1 -induced XXXX with the preparation Rocaltrol (1,25/OH/2 vitamin D3)].

answer: @entity2


abstract: A clinical trial of the drug "Rocaltrol" was carried out on 16 @entity0 with @entity2 , II of them with menopause @entity2 and 5 with @entity1 -induced @entity2 . The mean age of the @entity0 was 53.1 +/- 11.1 years. The mean daily dose of the drug was 0.46 +/- 0.08 mg/24h. The treatment lasted 6 months. All @entity0 showed improvement of the general condition and of @entity3 balance. Reliable increase of the total @entity3 and @entity4 levels and of the 24-hour @entity3 urine excretion were established, the maximal values being at the end of the third month. The X-ray examination showed stabilization of the bone changes and lack of new @entity5 . It is supposed that the drug improves the intestinal resorption of @entity3 and @entity4 and suppresses the bone resorption. This is proved by the reliable decrease of serum alkaline phosphatase level after the 6 month treatment. In all @entity0 clinical improvement was established with diminishing of the bone aches and retaining the body height before and after the treatment.

title: [Treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 and XXXX -induced @entity2 with the preparation Rocaltrol (1,25/OH/2 vitamin D3)].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A clinical trial of the drug "Rocaltrol" was carried out on 16 @entity0 with @entity2 , II of them with menopause @entity2 and 5 with @entity1 -induced @entity2 . The mean age of the @entity0 was 53.1 +/- 11.1 years. The mean daily dose of the drug was 0.46 +/- 0.08 mg/24h. The treatment lasted 6 months. All @entity0 showed improvement of the general condition and of @entity3 balance. Reliable increase of the total @entity3 and @entity4 levels and of the 24-hour @entity3 urine excretion were established, the maximal values being at the end of the third month. The X-ray examination showed stabilization of the bone changes and lack of new @entity5 . It is supposed that the drug improves the intestinal resorption of @entity3 and @entity4 and suppresses the bone resorption. This is proved by the reliable decrease of serum alkaline phosphatase level after the 6 month treatment. In all @entity0 clinical improvement was established with diminishing of the bone aches and retaining the body height before and after the treatment.

title: [Treatment of XXXX with @entity2 and @entity1 -induced @entity2 with the preparation Rocaltrol (1,25/OH/2 vitamin D3)].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The interactions of high density lipoprotein (HDL) and acetylated high density lipoprotein ( @entity6 -HDL) with isolated @entity0 sinusoidal liver cells have been investigated. Cellular binding of 125I- @entity6 -HDL at 0 degrees C demonstrated the presence of a specific, saturable membrane-associated receptor. This receptor was affected neither by @entity3 -treated albumin nor by low density lipoprotein modified either by acetylation or @entity5 , ligands known to undergo receptor-mediated endocytosis by the cells, indicating that the receptor for @entity6 -HDL constitutes a distinct class among the scavenger receptors for chemically modified proteins. Parallel binding experiments using 125I-HDL also revealed the presence on these cells of a receptor for unmodified HDL. The ligand specificities of these two receptors were similar to each other except that the @entity6 -HDL receptor was sensitive to polyanions such as dextran @entity4 and @entity7 . Interaction of HDL with the cells at 37 degrees C was totally different from that of @entity6 -HDL. Cellular binding of HDL was not accompanied by subsequent intracellular degradation of its apoprotein moiety, whereas its @entity1 moiety was significantly transferred to the cells. In contrast, @entity6 -HDL was endocytosed and underwent lysosomal degradation as a holoparticle. This shift in receptor-recognition from the HDL receptor to the @entity6 -HDL receptor was accomplished by acetylation of approximately 8% of the total @entity2 residues of HDL apoprotein. This unique difference in endocytic behavior between HDL and @entity6 -HDL suggests a potential link of the HDL receptor to HDL-mediated @entity1 transfer in sinusoidal liver cells.

title: Distinction in the mode of receptor-mediated endocytosis between high density lipoprotein and acetylated high density lipoprotein: evidence for high density lipoprotein receptor-mediated XXXX transfer.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 145 @entity0 showing clinical and radiological signs of @entity2 of the spine were biopsed at the ilium for histomorphometric analysis of bone mass including trabecular bone volume and parameters reflecting the spatial distribution of bony elements (mean trabecular plate thickness, density and separation). Results were compared with an age-matched population of 22 healthy females. Postmenopausal osteoporotics (i.e. younger than 75 years) were characterized by a significant reduction in trabecular bone volume, plate density and thickness, while senile osteoporotics (i.e. older than 75 years) did not exhibit any difference with controls. 51% of the @entity3 @entity0 had a trabecular bone volume higher than the spontaneous vertebral crush threshold defined by Meunier. @entity3 @entity0 with trabecular bone volume under the vertebral crush threshold had a significant decrease in all trabecular parameters. On the opposite, @entity0 with trabecular bone volume above the vertebral crush threshold had only a significant decrease in the number of trabeculae. A negative correlation was found between age and plate density in both @entity3 @entity0 and controls. A linear correlation was found between trabecular bone volume and plate density, but thickness and density of trabecular plates were not correlated. This study confirms that @entity2 is not only a decreased bone @entity1 . A modified spatial distribution of trabeculae or a mechanically less resistant bone matrix could be additional factors.

title: Spatial distribution of trabeculae in iliac bone from 145 XXXX females.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Time above MIC for free drug concentrations is the important PK-PD parameter correlating with the efficacy of @entity4 antibiotics. The duration of time plasma concentrations needed to exceed the MIC is relatively similar for most organisms except staphylococci. Neutrophils contribute very little to the overall activity of @entity6 . The appearance of increasing antimicrobial resistance can challenge the efficacy of these drugs when concentrations do not exceed the MIC for 40% to 50% of the dosing interval. Time above MIC with oral @entity0 and @entity0 - @entity1 can be enhanced with high-dose formulations. Time above MIC with parenteral preparations can be enhanced by longer intravenous infusions or even continuous infusion. The 24-hour AUC-MIC is probably the important PK-PD parameter correlating with the efficacy of @entity3 and @entity7 . It clearly is the important parameter for the efficacy of @entity5 . Usual doses of these drugs generally provide adequate plasma concentrations to treat effectively infections in which plasma concentrations are predictive of tissue concentrations. Penetration of these drugs into respiratory secretions, such as ELF, is enhanced for linezolid and reduced for @entity3 . This may give linezolid an advantage over @entity3 in certain @entity2 .

title: Basic pharmacodynamics of antibacterials with clinical applications to the use of XXXX , glycopeptides, and linezolid.

answer: @entity6


abstract: We aimed to determine the value of maternal erythrocyte @entity1 levels in the prediction of @entity2 . 110 healthy @entity0 were included in this prospective study. Maternal erythrocyte @entity1 levels were measured at each trimester of pregnancy (10-14, 20-25 and 30-35 gestational weeks). On follow-up, @entity0 were assigned to two groups as normotensive @entity0 and preeclamptic @entity0 . @entity2 had developed in eight (8.9%) of the 90 pregnant @entity0 who completed the study. Preeclamptic @entity0 were diagnosed between 36 and 39 gestational weeks (36.8 +/- 1.0 weeks). @entity1 levels of preeclamptic @entity0 increased significantly in the third trimester (p < 0.05), while there was no difference between values of @entity1 in the first and second trimester. @entity1 levels were significantly higher in the @entity0 who developed @entity2 than in those who did not in the third trimester (p < 0.05). With the use of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) 35.98 nmol @entity1 /gm hemoglobin was found to be a cut-off value predictive for the development of @entity2 in the third trimester. However, cut-off values in the first and second trimesters could not be found. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 89, 75, 29 and 98%, respectively. @entity2 risk was found to increase nearly 24 times in values above 35.98 nmol @entity1 / gm hemoglobin. Our results showed that maternal erythrocyte @entity1 could predict @entity0 within a few weeks prior to onset of clinical symptoms of @entity2 in the third trimester. There is no evidence of enhanced early lipid peroxidation in pregnancies with late onset @entity2 .

title: Maternal erythrocyte XXXX level in @entity2 prediction: a longitudinal study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We aimed to determine the value of maternal erythrocyte @entity1 levels in the prediction of @entity2 . 110 healthy @entity0 were included in this prospective study. Maternal erythrocyte @entity1 levels were measured at each trimester of pregnancy (10-14, 20-25 and 30-35 gestational weeks). On follow-up, @entity0 were assigned to two groups as normotensive @entity0 and preeclamptic @entity0 . @entity2 had developed in eight (8.9%) of the 90 pregnant @entity0 who completed the study. Preeclamptic @entity0 were diagnosed between 36 and 39 gestational weeks (36.8 +/- 1.0 weeks). @entity1 levels of preeclamptic @entity0 increased significantly in the third trimester (p < 0.05), while there was no difference between values of @entity1 in the first and second trimester. @entity1 levels were significantly higher in the @entity0 who developed @entity2 than in those who did not in the third trimester (p < 0.05). With the use of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) 35.98 nmol @entity1 /gm hemoglobin was found to be a cut-off value predictive for the development of @entity2 in the third trimester. However, cut-off values in the first and second trimesters could not be found. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 89, 75, 29 and 98%, respectively. @entity2 risk was found to increase nearly 24 times in values above 35.98 nmol @entity1 / gm hemoglobin. Our results showed that maternal erythrocyte @entity1 could predict @entity0 within a few weeks prior to onset of clinical symptoms of @entity2 in the third trimester. There is no evidence of enhanced early lipid peroxidation in pregnancies with late onset @entity2 .

title: Maternal erythrocyte @entity1 level in XXXX prediction: a longitudinal study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A 31-year-old Japanese pregnant @entity0 had no remarkable previous medical and family histories except for artificial abortion in 1993. A full-term normal @entity0 was subsequently delivered in 1998. In this pregnancy, she began to experience general fatigability with a hemoglobin concentration of 8.5 g/dl at 19 weeks of gestation. Although she had been treated with intravenous @entity1 , the hemoglobin decreased to 6.0 g/dl. She was referred to our hospital at 34 weeks of gestation. The laboratory data were as follows on this admission; hemoglobin 5.1 g/dl, RBC 128 x 10(4)/l, reticulocytes 1.1%, WBC 7.1 x 10(9)/l, platelet count 229 x 10(9)/l, @entity5 5.6 ng/ml, serum @entity6 200 pg/ml, ferritin 184 ng/ml, @entity7 (-). A bone marrow aspiration revealed normal granulopoiesis and megakaryocytes, but almost complete absence of erythropoietic precursors. A diagnosis of pure @entity4 was made due to these findings. Treatment with @entity2 (50 mg/day) and blood transfusion was started before delivery. She was delivered transvaginally at 37 weeks of gestation. The neonate was a normal female @entity0 without @entity3 (hemoglobin 17.9 g/dl) and the 1 minute Apgar score was 8. Her hemoglobin level rose to 12.1 g/dl spontaneously two weeks after delivery.

title: Pregnancy complicated with pure XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study explored the value of preoperative self-reported assessment for @entity4 and @entity2 in @entity0 who had undergone heart transplantation (HTx). The initial sample was divided into subgroups of @entity0 with @entity1 (ICMP) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity0 @entity4 and @entity2 scores were measured in both subgroups and their impact on pre- and postoperative mortality investigated. METHOD: An initial sample of 152 @entity0 with either ICMP (N = 57) or @entity5 (N = 95) and end-stage @entity3 awaiting heart transplantation were assessed in a multidimensional longitudinal study, including psychological and somatic variables. One hundred and three @entity0 received a HTx and were followed up for a mean of 4.4 years. Proportional hazard models were computed to test for the influence of psychosocial and somatic factors on outcome. RESULTS: Preoperative @entity4 and state @entity2 scores were significantly higher in the ICMP group. In addition to donor and recipient age, ICMP @entity0 in the preoperative high @entity4 group also showed a significantly higher mortality after HTx. This result remained significant even after controlling for sociodemographic and somatic variables. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 self-reported @entity4 , but not @entity2 , can contribute to the identification of subgroups of @entity0 with an unfavorable outcome after HTx. It therefore may be helpful to screen for @entity4 , particularly in @entity0 with an @entity1 cause of their end-stage @entity3 . Specific intervention programs should be further developed and evaluated.

title: Effect of XXXX on survival after heart transplantation.

answer: @entity4