abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical significance of albumin determination in ejaculates by means of an easy office test to screen semen samples for subclinical @entity1 . @entity0 : One hundred fifty-nine randomly chosen males of couples with longstanding @entity2 (median duration of @entity2 4 years (range 1 to 19 years) without clinical signs or symptoms of @entity3 . SETTING: Outpatient Infertility Clinic of the University of Heidelberg, Germany. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Screening of ejaculates for subclinical @entity1 by means of a ready-to-use kit for semiquantitative detection of albumin in addition to determination of leukocytes rates by means of monoclonal antibodies for differentiation of round cells and measurement of granulocyte elastase concentration in semen samples. Evaluation of sperm quality by means of standard sperm analysis including determination of local antisperm antibodies with the mixed antiglobulin reaction, evaluation of sperm functional capacity in vitro with the standardized sperm-cervical mucus (CM) penetration test, and semen cultures. All tests were performed from aliquots of the same ejaculates. RESULTS: Screening of semen samples for elevated albumin with the modified paper strips proved to be very easy, quick, and suitable for routine use. Positive results were not related markedly to medical history and outcome of clinical examination as well as to standard parameters of sperm analysis and were not influenced by local antisperm antibodies of the immunoglobulin (Ig)G and/or IgA class and microbial colonization. However, albumin-positive semen samples were significantly less frequent in case of very good outcome of the sperm-CM penetration test. A significant relationship was found with high rates of leukocytes of the round cells in semen samples (total range 0% to 96%) and the concentration of granulocyte elastase (total range 1 to 880 micrograms/L). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this prospective study suggest that the determination of albumin in semen samples with ready-to-use test kits might be a valuable additional marker for subclinical @entity1 of the male genital tract and therefore suitable for screening during @entity2 investigation.

title: Screening for subclinical XXXX in ejaculates.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: There are limited data at a population level on adjuvant brachytherapy (BT) practice for uterine @entity1 . The aims of the current study were to describe BT practice for this disease in New South Wales (NSW), to assess quality of BT, and to determine if a caseload effect on quality exists. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity0 , @entity1 , and treatment related data were collected from all nine NSW radiation oncology departments that treated @entity0 with BT. Included @entity0 had @entity1 of the uterine corpus with treatment including BT. Brachytherapy quality was assessed using published quality benchmarks. Higher gynaecological BT caseload departments were compared with lower caseload departments. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-three NSW residents with gynaecological @entity1 were treated with BT. The four higher gynaecological BT caseload departments treated a median of 25.5 NSW residents (range 22-38), compared to median 10 (range 3-18) in the five lower caseload departments. Seventy-five @entity0 underwent BT for uterine @entity1 . Most @entity0 had early stage endometrioid disease and were treated adjuvantly with intravaginal cylinders using high-dose-rate BT. Doses were in accordance with guideline recommendations in 83% of cases, and BT was appropriately indicated in 76% of cases. Higher caseload departments were more likely to treat with guideline doses (96% vs. 53%, p < 0.001) but there was no difference in compliance rate with treatment indications (p = 0.75). CONCLUSIONS: Brachytherapy @entity0 , techniques, and numbers/unit for uterine @entity1 were similar in NSW compared to the USA but more dispersed than in Western Europe. Doses prescribed may not be optimal in lower gynaecological BT caseload departments - the significance of this represents an area in which more research is needed.

title: Patterns of care study of brachytherapy in New South Wales: XXXX of the uterine corpus.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Foot problems are common in @entity0 with @entity4 yet the prevalence of current foot problems in @entity0 with @entity4 and the burden they present to healthcare systems is not known. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and associations of @entity8 , @entity2 and disability in @entity0 with @entity4 , and to assess the  frequency with which foot problems lead to consultation with healthcare professionals. METHODS: Adults registered with 20 general practices who had consulted their GP about @entity4 or been prescribed @entity3 or @entity7 in the preceding two years were mailed a questionnaire. Prevalence of @entity8 , @entity2 in the last month, and disabling @entity2 in the mailed population were ascertained using validated instruments and estimated by inverse-weighted logistic regression. Associations with socio-demographic, comorbid and @entity4 -specific factors were examined using logistic regression. @entity0 were asked if they had seen health care professionals for foot problems within the preceding 12  months. RESULTS: One thousand one hundred eighty-four questionnaires were received (response 66  %). Prevalence of @entity8 was 36.3  %, @entity2 in the last month 22.3  % and disabling @entity2 14.5  %. @entity8 associated with age (adjusted OR 1.47 per 10-year increase, 95 % CI 1.26, 1.72) and female gender (2.03; 1.31, 3.15). Foot @entity2 in the last month associated with age (1.24; 1.00, 1.55), @entity1 (BMI 30.0-34.9 2.67; 1.32, 5.38; BMI   >=    35.0 3.16; 1.44, 6.93), mild @entity6 (2.04; 1.09, 3.81) and polyarticular @entity4 attacks (1.86; 1.18, 2.95). Disabling @entity2 associated with age (1.42; 1.08, 1.87), @entity1 (BMI 30.0-34.9 3.73; 1.54, 9.09; BMI   >=    35.0 4.36; 1.64, 11.64), @entity6 (mild 2.63; 1.25, 5.53; moderate 3.53; 1.11, 11.26) and @entity5 (2.45; 1.32, 4.53). In the previous 12  months, 495 (42.8  %) reported consulting their GP about their feet and 281 (23.7  %) a podiatrist/chiropodist. CONCLUSIONS: Foot problems are common in @entity0 with @entity4 and frequently lead to healthcare consultation. @entity8 has similar associations to those seen in the general population, whereas @entity2 associates with @entity1 and @entity4 characteristics, and disabling @entity2 with @entity1 and comorbidity. @entity0 assessment should consider foot problems and offer specific treatment where relevant.

title: Foot problems in @entity0 with XXXX in primary care: baseline findings from a prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Foot problems are common in @entity0 with @entity4 yet the prevalence of current foot problems in @entity0 with @entity4 and the burden they present to healthcare systems is not known. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and associations of @entity8 , @entity2 and disability in @entity0 with @entity4 , and to assess the  frequency with which foot problems lead to consultation with healthcare professionals. METHODS: Adults registered with 20 general practices who had consulted their GP about @entity4 or been prescribed @entity3 or @entity7 in the preceding two years were mailed a questionnaire. Prevalence of @entity8 , @entity2 in the last month, and disabling @entity2 in the mailed population were ascertained using validated instruments and estimated by inverse-weighted logistic regression. Associations with socio-demographic, comorbid and @entity4 -specific factors were examined using logistic regression. @entity0 were asked if they had seen health care professionals for foot problems within the preceding 12  months. RESULTS: One thousand one hundred eighty-four questionnaires were received (response 66  %). Prevalence of @entity8 was 36.3  %, @entity2 in the last month 22.3  % and disabling @entity2 14.5  %. @entity8 associated with age (adjusted OR 1.47 per 10-year increase, 95 % CI 1.26, 1.72) and female gender (2.03; 1.31, 3.15). Foot @entity2 in the last month associated with age (1.24; 1.00, 1.55), @entity1 (BMI 30.0-34.9 2.67; 1.32, 5.38; BMI   >=    35.0 3.16; 1.44, 6.93), mild @entity6 (2.04; 1.09, 3.81) and polyarticular @entity4 attacks (1.86; 1.18, 2.95). Disabling @entity2 associated with age (1.42; 1.08, 1.87), @entity1 (BMI 30.0-34.9 3.73; 1.54, 9.09; BMI   >=    35.0 4.36; 1.64, 11.64), @entity6 (mild 2.63; 1.25, 5.53; moderate 3.53; 1.11, 11.26) and @entity5 (2.45; 1.32, 4.53). In the previous 12  months, 495 (42.8  %) reported consulting their GP about their feet and 281 (23.7  %) a podiatrist/chiropodist. CONCLUSIONS: Foot problems are common in @entity0 with @entity4 and frequently lead to healthcare consultation. @entity8 has similar associations to those seen in the general population, whereas @entity2 associates with @entity1 and @entity4 characteristics, and disabling @entity2 with @entity1 and comorbidity. @entity0 assessment should consider foot problems and offer specific treatment where relevant.

title: Foot problems in XXXX with @entity4 in primary care: baseline findings from a prospective cohort study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Our purpose is to understand why mdx muscle does not show the progressive degeneration observed in @entity0 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) muscle. In the @entity1 , the regenerative process compensates for the @entity2 of the muscle fibers, particularly during the acute phase of the disease (5-9 weeks). In @entity3 muscle, there is a gradual failure of the regenerative process and the muscle fibers are replaced by connective and fatty tissue. We propose that distinct properties of mdx and @entity3 muscle fibroblasts could be one of the reasons for the differences between the mdx and @entity3 phenotypes. We found that fibroblasts taken from @entity0 @entity3 and control muscle had similar in vitro proliferative capacities. The proliferation rate of @entity1 muscle fibroblasts decreased during the acute phase of the disease, and inhibition was complete in fibroblasts from 8-week-old mdx @entity1 . Moreover, the medium conditioned by these cells inhibited fibroblast proliferation. The effect was specific for fibroblasts, since this conditioned medium stimulated myoblast proliferation, as did control fibroblast-conditioned medium. These results suggest that 8-week-old mdx @entity1 muscle fibroblasts produce an inhibitor of their own proliferation and a growth factor specific for myoblasts in vitro. If these factors are secreted in vivo, the growth inhibitory factory may stop fibroblast proliferation whereas the mitogenic activity could stimulate satellite cell proliferation, thus favouring muscle regeneration.

title: Inhibition of proliferation in 8-week-old mdx XXXX muscle fibroblasts in vitro.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity9 ) is used as a fuel for missiles and standby power systems of operational military aircraft. Maintenance of missiles and aircraft may result in accidental @entity0 exposure to high concentrations for brief periods of time. The purposes of this study were to assess the oncogenic potential of @entity9 in @entity2 and male hamsters exposed to a high concentration of @entity9 for repeated short exposures and to investigate the relationships of acute and subchronic effects of @entity9 to nasal tumorigenesis. In phase 1 (acute and subchronic) and Phase 2 (lifetime experiments, groups of male and female Fischer 344 @entity2 and male @entity5 were exposed by inhalation to 0, 75 (Phase 2 only), or 750 ppm @entity9 for 1 (acute) or 10 (subchronic) 1-hr weekly exposures. Rodents were euthanized 24 hr after exposures 1 and 10 and 24 to 30 months poststudy initiation. Significant reductions in body weight were observed in @entity9 -treated rodents compared to controls during the exposure interval. No @entity10 -induced mortality was detected. Histopathologic examination after the acute and subchronic exposures revealed @entity3 of transitional, respiratory, and olfactory epithelia in the anterior nose and, in @entity2 exposed subchronically, squamous metaplasia of the transitional epithelium. Minimal to mild @entity8 resulted from @entity9 exposures. Apoptosis was observed in olfactory and squamous metaplastic transitional epithelium. Lesions occurred at sites reportedly having high air-flow and generally appeared to be more severe in the anterior portion of the nose. By 24 months, the squamous metaplastic transitional epithelium reverted back to normal-appearing transitional epithelium. By 24+ months, low incidences (sexes combined) of @entity7 (5/194, 2.6%) and @entity1 (11/194, 5.7%) were detected, principally in the transitional epithelium of the 750 ppm @entity9 -treated @entity2 . A similar incidence of @entity7 (2/94, 2%) and @entity1 (5/94, 5.3%) was detected in the high-exposure group of hamsters. The location and type of @entity9 -induced @entity4 were similar to those reported in a chronic @entity9 -exposure study (5.0 ppm x 6 hr/day x 5 days/week for 1 year) conducted in our laboratory, but the chronic study had much higher incidences ( @entity2 , sexes combined: @entity7 15.5% vs 2.6% and polypoid @entity6 44.6% vs 5.2%). The product (CD) of concentration + time was the same (750 ppm hours) for the high-dose groups for both studies, but the duration of exposure was 150 x longer and the concentration was 150 x lower in the chronic study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Oncogenic potential of inhaled XXXX in the nose of @entity2 and hamsters after 1 or 10 1-hr exposures.

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity9 ) is used as a fuel for missiles and standby power systems of operational military aircraft. Maintenance of missiles and aircraft may result in accidental @entity0 exposure to high concentrations for brief periods of time. The purposes of this study were to assess the oncogenic potential of @entity9 in @entity2 and male hamsters exposed to a high concentration of @entity9 for repeated short exposures and to investigate the relationships of acute and subchronic effects of @entity9 to nasal tumorigenesis. In phase 1 (acute and subchronic) and Phase 2 (lifetime experiments, groups of male and female Fischer 344 @entity2 and male @entity5 were exposed by inhalation to 0, 75 (Phase 2 only), or 750 ppm @entity9 for 1 (acute) or 10 (subchronic) 1-hr weekly exposures. Rodents were euthanized 24 hr after exposures 1 and 10 and 24 to 30 months poststudy initiation. Significant reductions in body weight were observed in @entity9 -treated rodents compared to controls during the exposure interval. No @entity10 -induced mortality was detected. Histopathologic examination after the acute and subchronic exposures revealed @entity3 of transitional, respiratory, and olfactory epithelia in the anterior nose and, in @entity2 exposed subchronically, squamous metaplasia of the transitional epithelium. Minimal to mild @entity8 resulted from @entity9 exposures. Apoptosis was observed in olfactory and squamous metaplastic transitional epithelium. Lesions occurred at sites reportedly having high air-flow and generally appeared to be more severe in the anterior portion of the nose. By 24 months, the squamous metaplastic transitional epithelium reverted back to normal-appearing transitional epithelium. By 24+ months, low incidences (sexes combined) of @entity7 (5/194, 2.6%) and @entity1 (11/194, 5.7%) were detected, principally in the transitional epithelium of the 750 ppm @entity9 -treated @entity2 . A similar incidence of @entity7 (2/94, 2%) and @entity1 (5/94, 5.3%) was detected in the high-exposure group of hamsters. The location and type of @entity9 -induced @entity4 were similar to those reported in a chronic @entity9 -exposure study (5.0 ppm x 6 hr/day x 5 days/week for 1 year) conducted in our laboratory, but the chronic study had much higher incidences ( @entity2 , sexes combined: @entity7 15.5% vs 2.6% and polypoid @entity6 44.6% vs 5.2%). The product (CD) of concentration + time was the same (750 ppm hours) for the high-dose groups for both studies, but the duration of exposure was 150 x longer and the concentration was 150 x lower in the chronic study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Oncogenic potential of inhaled @entity10 in the nose of XXXX and hamsters after 1 or 10 1-hr exposures.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Integrins form a major family of heterodimeric cell surface receptors. Individual family members each comprise noncovalently linked, dissimilar, a- and b-subunits. Each subunit is the product of a different gene (1), and a-subunits appear to have evolved separately from b-subunits (2). Seventeen a-, and eight b-subunits are currently described. It is the combination of a- and b-subunits that gives rise to the individual family members. From this follows ligand-binding specificity, which may be relative (fibronectin has at least seven different binding sites), or absolute, (e.g., aEb7 to @entity2 [3]). High-affinity ligand recognition usually requires both subunits (4). The redundancy in this system, with many integrins binding the same ligand, suggests an important role in cellular communication in addition to heterotypic cell-cell (e.g., the b2 integrins and a4b1) or cell-extracellular matrix (most integrins) adhesion. In addition, some integrins bind microorganisms and certain plasma proteins. Moreover, integrins are involved in fundamental cellular events such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and motility. There is over whelming evidence for their fundamental role in the control of @entity1 differentia tion, proliferation, invasion and @entity0 .To better understand the biological significance of differential integrin expression in @entity1 it is first helpful to review the structure of integrin molecules, their diversity, and functional specialization. We will then discuss both the scientific methods commonly used and the experimental evidence that they have so far provided toward the understanding of the molecular control of @entity1 cell behavior.

title: Understanding XXXX through integrin expression.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Health professionals, particularly clinicians and nurses in the community have an important role in preventing to start smoking. In our study; we aimed to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking, @entity3 @entity2 level and the effects of low price @entity1 sale among healthcare personal in a military hospital. A questionnaire was applied to healthcare personal, which evaluates their smoking habits, @entity3 @entity2 level with Fagerstr  m Test for @entity3 @entity2 (FTND) and the effects of low cost cigarette sale on smoking habits. Seventy male and 46 female among 138 healthcare personals (84%) responded to the questionnaire. Mean age of @entity0 was 33.7    5.6. Among all @entity0 , 53.4% were smoking. There was no significant difference between male and female @entity0 in case of smoking prevalence (p> 0.05). Seven @entity0 who started smoking regularly after they appointed to Turkish @entity4 explained why they started smoking as secondary to lower cigarette prices in this country. 48.3% of @entity0 (40% of male smokers and 59.3% of female smokers) reported increased cigarette consumption as a result of low cost cigarette sales. There was a significant difference between male and female @entity0 in case of increase in cigarette consumption (< 0.05). According to results of FTND, about 70% of @entity0 were low and very low-dependant, and about 22% were high and very high- dependant smokers. Smoking prevalence of healthcare personal who participated in our study was higher than that reported for community and for other healthcare personal.

title: [Smoking prevalence, XXXX @entity2 and effects of low cost cigarette sale among military healthcare personal in Turkish @entity4 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Health professionals, particularly clinicians and nurses in the community have an important role in preventing to start smoking. In our study; we aimed to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking, @entity3 @entity2 level and the effects of low price @entity1 sale among healthcare personal in a military hospital. A questionnaire was applied to healthcare personal, which evaluates their smoking habits, @entity3 @entity2 level with Fagerstr  m Test for @entity3 @entity2 (FTND) and the effects of low cost cigarette sale on smoking habits. Seventy male and 46 female among 138 healthcare personals (84%) responded to the questionnaire. Mean age of @entity0 was 33.7    5.6. Among all @entity0 , 53.4% were smoking. There was no significant difference between male and female @entity0 in case of smoking prevalence (p> 0.05). Seven @entity0 who started smoking regularly after they appointed to Turkish @entity4 explained why they started smoking as secondary to lower cigarette prices in this country. 48.3% of @entity0 (40% of male smokers and 59.3% of female smokers) reported increased cigarette consumption as a result of low cost cigarette sales. There was a significant difference between male and female @entity0 in case of increase in cigarette consumption (< 0.05). According to results of FTND, about 70% of @entity0 were low and very low-dependant, and about 22% were high and very high- dependant smokers. Smoking prevalence of healthcare personal who participated in our study was higher than that reported for community and for other healthcare personal.

title: [Smoking prevalence, @entity3 XXXX and effects of low cost cigarette sale among military healthcare personal in Turkish @entity4 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Health professionals, particularly clinicians and nurses in the community have an important role in preventing to start smoking. In our study; we aimed to determine the prevalence of cigarette smoking, @entity3 @entity2 level and the effects of low price @entity1 sale among healthcare personal in a military hospital. A questionnaire was applied to healthcare personal, which evaluates their smoking habits, @entity3 @entity2 level with Fagerstr  m Test for @entity3 @entity2 (FTND) and the effects of low cost cigarette sale on smoking habits. Seventy male and 46 female among 138 healthcare personals (84%) responded to the questionnaire. Mean age of @entity0 was 33.7    5.6. Among all @entity0 , 53.4% were smoking. There was no significant difference between male and female @entity0 in case of smoking prevalence (p> 0.05). Seven @entity0 who started smoking regularly after they appointed to Turkish @entity4 explained why they started smoking as secondary to lower cigarette prices in this country. 48.3% of @entity0 (40% of male smokers and 59.3% of female smokers) reported increased cigarette consumption as a result of low cost cigarette sales. There was a significant difference between male and female @entity0 in case of increase in cigarette consumption (< 0.05). According to results of FTND, about 70% of @entity0 were low and very low-dependant, and about 22% were high and very high- dependant smokers. Smoking prevalence of healthcare personal who participated in our study was higher than that reported for community and for other healthcare personal.

title: [Smoking prevalence, @entity3 @entity2 and effects of low cost cigarette sale among military healthcare personal in Turkish XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The @entity3 are a heterogeneous group of @entity1 caused by mutations in and around the structural gene of the beta-chain of the adult haemoglobin (HbA). Studies at the gene level have identified a large number of @entity3 gene variations in different populations. These findings have implications for the use of molecular diagnosis for genetic counselling and prenatal detection of the @entity3 . In our unit, we initiated studies to investigate the molecular @entity2 in Saudi Arabia using amplification-refractory mutation systems, dot blot analysis and restriction endonuclease analysis, and identified mutations producing beta(+)- and beta zero-thalassaemias. Twenty of the mutations encountered in the Asian, Mediterranean, Chinese and other Arab populations were investigated. The most commonly encountered mutations in Saudi @entity3 @entity0 were IVS-I-110, IVS-II-1, @entity6 , IVS-I-5 and IVS-I 3' end (-25), while frameshifts at @entity7 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 mutations were identified at a low frequency. These mutations account for 84.94% of the total @entity3 mutations. The remaining 15% remain unknown. This is the first report on the type and nature of mutations in Saudi @entity3 @entity0 . It presents frequencies of twenty mutations and emphasises the need for further detailed investigations to clarify the whole spectrum of @entity3 mutations in the Saudi population.

title: Molecular XXXX in the population of Saudi Arabia.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This article is based on an investigation of the management of 1976 @entity0 with @entity1 . Three hundred twenty-five @entity0 with @entity3 and 981 @entity0 with @entity2 were studied. The surgical treatment of severe @entity1 is based on 3 main concepts. The first concept is the substantiated widening of the score of indications for surgical treatment of @entity2 . Surgical treatment is done in 68.9% of @entity0 with @entity1 . Indications for surgical intervention (according to their significance) can be categorized as emergency, urgent, postponed, and planned operations; these were 59%, 17.2%, 23.5%, and 11.3%, respectively, of total surgical procedures. The second concept is assessment of the clinical state of injured @entity0 by means of the BIIX-CI scale, which was developed to define a reasonable time for doing a surgical procedure and to define vital function stability. The 3 levels of clinical state are graded as compensated (range, 16-30 points), subcompensated (range, 31-40 points), and decompensated (> 40 points). The third concept is the reasonable succession in surgical procedures. It is advantageous to do similar operations simultaneously at compensated and subcompensated states. Dissimilar surgical interventions should be done in succession during the course of a single anesthesia or at different times according to the grading of emergency (urgent, postponed, and planned).

title: General concepts of surgical treatment of severe XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The reversibility of the effect of @entity2 on testicular histology and fertility was studied in @entity0 . Adult males of proven fertility were treated orally with @entity3 (15 mg/kg) for 9 or 16 weeks (groups 1 and 2, respectively). Another groups of animals (group 3) was given @entity2 (15 mg/kg) for 16 weeks and killed 6 weeks after the end of treatment. Control animals (group 4) were given the vehicle only by oral intubation. In the mating studies, although only 33% of the animals in group 1 were @entity1 was observed following 16 weeks of @entity2 treatment (group 2). All animals in group 3 regained their fertility 6 weeks after cessation of drug treatment. Damage was observed to 15.7% of the seminiferous tubules after 9 weeks of drug treatment, and to 78% after 16 weeks of treatment. Extensive vacuolization, increased numbers of lipid droplets, degeneration of germ cells, loosening of the epithelium, and a significant decrease in the number of pachytene spermatocytes (stages VII-X) and spermatids (steps 7-10 at stages VII-X) were observed after @entity2 treatment. There was a decrease in the diameter of only stage VIII seminiferous tubules after 9 weeks of treatment, whereas a reduction was observed in the tubules of all stages after 16 weeks of @entity2 treatment. In the recovery phase, the diameter of seminiferous tubules was similar to that of controls, except for tubules at stage VIII. No change in the area of the lumen of the seminiferous tubules and lipid bodies was observed after 9 weeks of drug treatment, but a marked reduction in the area of the lumen (stages II-X) and an increase in lipid bodies (all stages) was observed after 16 weeks of @entity2 treatment. Six weeks after cessation of treatment, the area of the lumen and the number of lipid bodies were comparable to values in controls. A reduction in the area of the epithelium was restricted to just a few stages (VIII-XIV) in treated animals at 9 weeks, whereas after 16 weeks the area of the epithelium was decreased in all tubules. In the recovery phase, except for tubules at stage VIII, the area of the seminiferous epithelium was comparable to that in controls.

title: The effect of XXXX on the different stages of the spermatogenic cycle in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The reversibility of the effect of @entity2 on testicular histology and fertility was studied in @entity0 . Adult males of proven fertility were treated orally with @entity3 (15 mg/kg) for 9 or 16 weeks (groups 1 and 2, respectively). Another groups of animals (group 3) was given @entity2 (15 mg/kg) for 16 weeks and killed 6 weeks after the end of treatment. Control animals (group 4) were given the vehicle only by oral intubation. In the mating studies, although only 33% of the animals in group 1 were @entity1 was observed following 16 weeks of @entity2 treatment (group 2). All animals in group 3 regained their fertility 6 weeks after cessation of drug treatment. Damage was observed to 15.7% of the seminiferous tubules after 9 weeks of drug treatment, and to 78% after 16 weeks of treatment. Extensive vacuolization, increased numbers of lipid droplets, degeneration of germ cells, loosening of the epithelium, and a significant decrease in the number of pachytene spermatocytes (stages VII-X) and spermatids (steps 7-10 at stages VII-X) were observed after @entity2 treatment. There was a decrease in the diameter of only stage VIII seminiferous tubules after 9 weeks of treatment, whereas a reduction was observed in the tubules of all stages after 16 weeks of @entity2 treatment. In the recovery phase, the diameter of seminiferous tubules was similar to that of controls, except for tubules at stage VIII. No change in the area of the lumen of the seminiferous tubules and lipid bodies was observed after 9 weeks of drug treatment, but a marked reduction in the area of the lumen (stages II-X) and an increase in lipid bodies (all stages) was observed after 16 weeks of @entity2 treatment. Six weeks after cessation of treatment, the area of the lumen and the number of lipid bodies were comparable to values in controls. A reduction in the area of the epithelium was restricted to just a few stages (VIII-XIV) in treated animals at 9 weeks, whereas after 16 weeks the area of the epithelium was decreased in all tubules. In the recovery phase, except for tubules at stage VIII, the area of the seminiferous epithelium was comparable to that in controls.

title: The effect of @entity3 on the different stages of the spermatogenic cycle in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: An outbreak of @entity1 followed a large outbreak of dysentery in northern Israel. Both outbreaks resulted from contamination of a drilled well that supplied water to the municipal water system. The well was contaminated with sewage from a broken main-pipe coming from Shefaram (an Arab town). The outbreak of typhoid involved 77 @entity0 , of whom 75 were hospitalized. In 67, phage-type C1 (the phage type dominant in Shefaram since the 1950s) was isolated. The incubation period was relatively long, between 12 and 40 days (median 22) following exposure. Over 50% of the cases were @entity0 aged 0 to 14, and only two @entity0 were older than 35 years; the sex ratio among the @entity0 was 1:1. The incidence rate in Shefaram was 2.3 times higher than in the Krayot (outlying suburbs of Haifa). This difference was due mainly to the high incidence in young females in Shefaram. The opposite was observed during the outbreak of dysentery, when the attack rates of the disease were higher in the Krayot. Relapses occurred in 12% (9 cases). This outbreak demonstrates the potential that still exists for serious outbreaks due to contamination of the municipal water supply.

title: An outbreak of XXXX due to contamination of the municipal water supply in northern Israel.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the responsiveness of whole blood activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) to varying heparin doses in vitro and to examine the ex vivo relationship of whole blood aPTT to plasma heparin concentration. DESIGN: Prospective, controlled laboratory study. SETTING: Surgical suites and laboratory at a tertiary center. @entity0 : Surgical @entity0 and volunteers at a tertiary center were eligible for inclusion in this study. In vitro evaluation was performed using specimens obtained from each of five, healthy volunteers. Ex vivo evaluation was performed using specimens obtained from 30 cardiac surgical @entity0 before and after systemic administration of heparin for extracorporeal circulation. INTERVENTIONS: Blood specimens were obtained from volunteers and added to syringes containing varying amounts of unfractionated porcine heparin for in vitro evaluation. For ex vivo evaluation, blood specimens were obtained from @entity0 before and after systemic administration of 20 U/kg of heparin. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: For the in vitro evaluation, specimens were divided into two aliquots after mixing with varying amounts of unfractionated porcine heparin. One aliquot was used to measure whole blood aPTT using a whole @entity1 monitor immediately after blood collection and 3 mins later, and a second aliquot was used to determine plasma aPTT with a conventional, laboratory-based assay. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a high correlation (r = .94; r2 = .88) between aPTT assay systems and bias analysis demonstrated a mean aPTT measurement difference of 1.6 secs with +/- 2 SD limits of -15 to +18.2 secs. As indicated by comparable regression slopes, the in vitro aPTT responsiveness to increasing heparin concentration was similar with the two assay systems among individual subjects. Whole blood aPTT measurements after 3 mins of blood specimen storage were similar to immediate measurements. For ex vivo evaluation, blood specimens obtained from @entity0 before and after systemic administration of heparin were divided into two aliquots. One aliquot was used to measure whole blood aPTT in duplicate and a second aliquot was used to measure plasma heparin concentration with an antifactor X active chromogenic assay. A high correlation (r = .89; r2 = .79) between whole blood aPTT and plasma heparin concentration was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Heparin responsiveness of whole blood aPTT, measured with a portable whole @entity1 monitor, is similar to that of conventional laboratory aPTT over a clinically relevant range of heparin concentrations in vitro and ex vivo. On-site whole blood aPTT measurements should be useful in clinical situations requiring rapid aPTT results.

title: Effect of heparin on whole blood activated partial thromboplastin time using a portable, whole XXXX monitor.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The medical histories of 27 @entity0 with @entity6 were evaluated retrospectively. Short and long term evolution as well as prognostic factors were analysed. 24 of the @entity0 were suffering from a @entity8 , 15 from @entity2 . In the 20 biopsies performed we observed: 14 cases of extramembranous @entity5 , 2 cases of minimal @entity1 , 3 cases of @entity9 . The @entity6 was bilateral (18), left (7) or right (2). In 7 @entity0 this was associated with @entity6 of the inferior vena cava. 9 @entity0 were treated with anticoagulants alone, 9 underwent thrombectomy, 7 were treated by thrombolysis and 2 received no treatment. Within the first six months 11 @entity0 died as a result of complications due to @entity4 (5), @entity3 (1) and 3 @entity0 died of undetermined causes. The progression of the remaining @entity0 was followed up over a period of 6 months to 19 years. In 12 @entity0 , the @entity8 regressed and renal function did not deteriorate in any of the cases. The main causes for poor prognosis are the existence of @entity2 and @entity5 which is not extramembranous. Since the evolution of the @entity1 does not appear to be affected by extramembranous @entity5 , @entity6 associated with this complication should be treated with anticoagulants alone. The risk-benefit ratio of thrombectomy leads us to conclude that this technique should be abandoned. Thrombolysis could be considered in cases where @entity6 is associated with @entity7 .

title: [Prognosis of XXXX in the adult: influence of treatment].

answer: @entity6


abstract: To determine whether treatment with digitalis is associated with decreased survival after @entity2 ( @entity2 ), data from 504 @entity0 who were enrolled in a postinfarction natural history study were analyzed. At the time of discharge, 229 @entity0 (45%) were taking digitalis. After 3 years of follow-up, the cumulative survival rate for @entity0 discharged on a regimen of digitalis was 66%, compared with 87% for those not treated (p less than 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that statistically significant differences existed between the 2 groups with respect to age, previous @entity2 , @entity6 in the coronary care unit, @entity5 in the coronary care unit, peak @entity3 kinase levels, enlarged heart and @entity1 on the discharge chest x-ray, @entity4 and treatment with diuretic, antiarrhythmic and beta-blocking drugs. Survival analysis using Cox's regression model showed that the association between digitalis and decreased survival was of borderline significance after adjustment for @entity5 and @entity6 . Serum digoxin concentration was measured in 83% of the @entity0 who took digitalis. Survival was inversely and significantly related to serum digoxin, i.e., the higher the serum @entity7 concentration, the lower the long-term survival rate. After adjusting for @entity5 and @entity6 , serum digoxin was not significantly related to survival. Taken together with the results of 3 other large, nonrandomized studies of digitalis treatment after @entity2 , this study suggests that digitalis treatment may have adverse effects on survival during follow-up.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of digitalis treatment on survival after XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The lipid profile of @entity0 with @entity13 is characterized by low levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity4 , @entity14 , and increased levels of lipoprotein (a), all of which may affect the prognosis in @entity0 with @entity2 . This study aimed to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic @entity15 and the associated lipid profile in a large group of @entity0 with documented @entity6 . METHODS: From February 1990 to October 1992, 14,326 @entity0 aged 45-74 years with documented @entity6 (a history of @entity9 or @entity11 ) were screened for inclusion in a secondary prevention study using @entity16 retard. All screened @entity0 underwent a medical examination and a blood test after fasting for 14 h. @entity15 was defined as a fasting blood @entity8 level of 140 mg/dl or above in @entity0 with no previous history of @entity1 . RESULTS: The prevalence of asymptomatic @entity15 was 4%, with no differences between the sexes or age groups. Total @entity4 and @entity7 levels were significantly higher and the high-density lipoprotein @entity4 level significantly lower in asymptomatic @entity12 than in normoglycemic @entity0 . After multiple adjustments, the relative risk of @entity5 was 1.75 and 1.71 in @entity0 with @entity1 or asymptomatic @entity15 compared with those with no @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity15 was detected in 4% of @entity0 with @entity10 . The lipid profile in these 4% resembles that of @entity0 with confirmed @entity1 , and their morbidity and mortality may therefore be higher than that of normoglycemic @entity0 . Repeated assessment of @entity8 levels in @entity0 with @entity6 is mandatory.

title: XXXX in @entity6 : frequency and associated lipid and lipoprotein levels in the @entity16 infarction prevention (BIP) register. The BIP Study Group.

answer: @entity15


abstract: BACKGROUND: The lipid profile of @entity0 with @entity13 is characterized by low levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity4 , @entity14 , and increased levels of lipoprotein (a), all of which may affect the prognosis in @entity0 with @entity2 . This study aimed to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic @entity15 and the associated lipid profile in a large group of @entity0 with documented @entity6 . METHODS: From February 1990 to October 1992, 14,326 @entity0 aged 45-74 years with documented @entity6 (a history of @entity9 or @entity11 ) were screened for inclusion in a secondary prevention study using @entity16 retard. All screened @entity0 underwent a medical examination and a blood test after fasting for 14 h. @entity15 was defined as a fasting blood @entity8 level of 140 mg/dl or above in @entity0 with no previous history of @entity1 . RESULTS: The prevalence of asymptomatic @entity15 was 4%, with no differences between the sexes or age groups. Total @entity4 and @entity7 levels were significantly higher and the high-density lipoprotein @entity4 level significantly lower in asymptomatic @entity12 than in normoglycemic @entity0 . After multiple adjustments, the relative risk of @entity5 was 1.75 and 1.71 in @entity0 with @entity1 or asymptomatic @entity15 compared with those with no @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity15 was detected in 4% of @entity0 with @entity10 . The lipid profile in these 4% resembles that of @entity0 with confirmed @entity1 , and their morbidity and mortality may therefore be higher than that of normoglycemic @entity0 . Repeated assessment of @entity8 levels in @entity0 with @entity6 is mandatory.

title: @entity15 in @entity6 : frequency and associated lipid and lipoprotein levels in the XXXX infarction prevention (BIP) register. The BIP Study Group.

answer: @entity16


abstract: BACKGROUND: The lipid profile of @entity0 with @entity13 is characterized by low levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity4 , @entity14 , and increased levels of lipoprotein (a), all of which may affect the prognosis in @entity0 with @entity2 . This study aimed to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic @entity15 and the associated lipid profile in a large group of @entity0 with documented @entity6 . METHODS: From February 1990 to October 1992, 14,326 @entity0 aged 45-74 years with documented @entity6 (a history of @entity9 or @entity11 ) were screened for inclusion in a secondary prevention study using @entity16 retard. All screened @entity0 underwent a medical examination and a blood test after fasting for 14 h. @entity15 was defined as a fasting blood @entity8 level of 140 mg/dl or above in @entity0 with no previous history of @entity1 . RESULTS: The prevalence of asymptomatic @entity15 was 4%, with no differences between the sexes or age groups. Total @entity4 and @entity7 levels were significantly higher and the high-density lipoprotein @entity4 level significantly lower in asymptomatic @entity12 than in normoglycemic @entity0 . After multiple adjustments, the relative risk of @entity5 was 1.75 and 1.71 in @entity0 with @entity1 or asymptomatic @entity15 compared with those with no @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity15 was detected in 4% of @entity0 with @entity10 . The lipid profile in these 4% resembles that of @entity0 with confirmed @entity1 , and their morbidity and mortality may therefore be higher than that of normoglycemic @entity0 . Repeated assessment of @entity8 levels in @entity0 with @entity6 is mandatory.

title: @entity15 in XXXX : frequency and associated lipid and lipoprotein levels in the @entity16 infarction prevention (BIP) register. The BIP Study Group.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The microcysts found in two adenohypophyses removed from @entity0 with nonsecreting @entity2 of this gland have been studied. In one case the cysts were completely surrounded by neoplastic tissue, whereas in the second they were located within the normal parenchyma. The cysts were surrounded by a basement membrane, and appeared to contain a finely granular weakly electron-dense substance. Their walls were lined by mostly cubic cells with microvilli, joined by junctional complexes. Intracytoplasmic microlumina could be seen in some of these cells. Cells showing cilia with a 9 + 2 fibrillar pattern and cells with mucosecretory differentiation were also present. Furthermore endocrine cells were also found in the cyst-lining epithelium. The ultrastructural aspects of the cyst cells lead to reject the hypothesis that these are derived from folliculostellate cells. Besides, intermediate aspects between cyst cells and @entity1 cells were never visible. Therefore it seems likely that a relationship between @entity2 and cyst cells does not exist and that cyst cells originate from remnants of Rathke's pouch with a ciliate or mucosecretory differentiation. The presence of endocrine cells in the cyst-lining epithelium deserves further study, for it seems to indicate that an endocrine differentiation may occur in the adult, too. To our knowledge this is the first ultrastructural study of these structures in adult @entity0 pituitary gland.

title: An ultrastructural study on muciparous microcysts of the XXXX adenohypophysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Clinical, hemodynamic and angiographic features of @entity2 (greater than or equal to 90% diameter reduction) in @entity4 were evaluated in 30 @entity0 . The mean age at the onset of @entity4 was 2.9 +/- 1.9 years and that at cardiac catheterization was 6.3 +/- 2.8 years. Obstructive lesions were observed in the right coronary artery in 12 @entity0 (group 1), in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in 6 (group 2), in both right coronary artery and LAD in 10 (group 3) and in the left main coronary artery in 4 (group 4). Twenty-two @entity0 (73%) had @entity1 , including @entity5 in 10 (33%). Cardiac symptoms were observed in 41% in group 1, 100% in group 2, 80% in group 3 and 100% in group 4. Left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure, end-diastolic volume and ejection fraction were abnormal in 32% of the @entity0 in group 1, a frequency less than that in other groups (83% in group 2, 78% in group 3 and 100% in group 4). Fifty percent had @entity3 and 73% had left ventricular wall motion abnormalities. No @entity0 in groups 1 or 2 has died, but 8 of 14 @entity0 in groups 3 and 4 have died. These observations indicate that coronary obstruction owing to @entity4 can cause depressed LV function, @entity3 and LV wall motion abnormalities in @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome: clinical, hemodynamic and angiographic features of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The heart rate (HR) variation of 25 normotensive and asymptomatic @entity0 , mean age 58 +/- 7 years, with @entity1 (group I) was studied during deep respiration. Thirteen subjects (52%) had a variation of 10 beats/min or less, consistent with an @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (group IA); 12 had variation in HR of more than 10 beats/min and were considered to have no @entity2 (group IB). The 24-hour ambulatory HR and systolic blood pressure (BP) values of group I were compared with those of 13 healthy @entity0 , mean age 48 +/- 8 years (group II). The mean of 5 maximal HR measurements during the 24-hour period was higher for group IA (106 +/- 11 beats/min) than for group IB (100 +/- 13 beats/min) or for group II (92 +/- 9 beats/min) (p less than 0.01). The mean of 5 maximal BP measurements was greater for group I (149 +/- 28 mm Hg) than for group II (128 +/- 13 mm Hg) (p less than 0.01), but no difference was observed between groups IA and IB. Maximal treadmill exercise was performed with 22 of the @entity0 (11 with and 11 without @entity4 ), and no difference in HR was observed between the 2 groups during all stages of exercise or at maximal exertion. The increase in systolic BP and duration of exercise in these 2 groups were also similar. Seventeen of 25 @entity1 @entity0 had @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Of 13 @entity0 with @entity4 , 10 had @entity3 ; of 12 without @entity4 , 7 had @entity3 and 5 did not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Blood pressure and heart rate responses during 24-hour ambulatory monitoring and exercise in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The heart rate (HR) variation of 25 normotensive and asymptomatic @entity0 , mean age 58 +/- 7 years, with @entity1 (group I) was studied during deep respiration. Thirteen subjects (52%) had a variation of 10 beats/min or less, consistent with an @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (group IA); 12 had variation in HR of more than 10 beats/min and were considered to have no @entity2 (group IB). The 24-hour ambulatory HR and systolic blood pressure (BP) values of group I were compared with those of 13 healthy @entity0 , mean age 48 +/- 8 years (group II). The mean of 5 maximal HR measurements during the 24-hour period was higher for group IA (106 +/- 11 beats/min) than for group IB (100 +/- 13 beats/min) or for group II (92 +/- 9 beats/min) (p less than 0.01). The mean of 5 maximal BP measurements was greater for group I (149 +/- 28 mm Hg) than for group II (128 +/- 13 mm Hg) (p less than 0.01), but no difference was observed between groups IA and IB. Maximal treadmill exercise was performed with 22 of the @entity0 (11 with and 11 without @entity4 ), and no difference in HR was observed between the 2 groups during all stages of exercise or at maximal exertion. The increase in systolic BP and duration of exercise in these 2 groups were also similar. Seventeen of 25 @entity1 @entity0 had @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Of 13 @entity0 with @entity4 , 10 had @entity3 ; of 12 without @entity4 , 7 had @entity3 and 5 did not.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Blood pressure and heart rate responses during 24-hour ambulatory monitoring and exercise in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the safety and efficacy of @entity8 and @entity9 with respect to ventricular response in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in the setting of left ventricular (LV) @entity1 . DATA SOURCES: Pertinent articles were identified through a MEDLINE search of the English language literature from 1984 to 1993, followed by a manual search of the bibliographies of pertinent articles. STUDY SELECTION: Studies selected were case reports, controlled trials, review articles and editorials. DATA EXTRACTION: Effects of @entity8 and @entity9 on hemodynamics, ventricular response in @entity6 , clinical parameters and mortality were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: There are limited data about the effects of @entity8 and @entity9 on ventricular function in @entity0 with @entity4 . In vitro @entity9 has fewer negative inotropic effects than @entity8 . Clinically there are some reports of hemodynamic and clinical deterioration in @entity0 with significant @entity7 given @entity8 although most @entity0 improve with @entity8 . There are more data concerning @entity9 in the setting of @entity6 complicated by @entity4 . The drug does not appear to exacerbate @entity4 , although @entity3 can result. In chronic @entity6 complicated by @entity4 , there is concern that @entity9 may increase mortality. Options for therapy are digoxin, beta-blockers and @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 channel blockers may have a role in the acute reduction of ventricular response in @entity0 with @entity6 complicated by @entity4 ; however, their safety in chronic heart rate control remains to be proven.

title: @entity2 channel blockers for heart rate control in @entity6 complicated by XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the safety and efficacy of @entity8 and @entity9 with respect to ventricular response in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in the setting of left ventricular (LV) @entity1 . DATA SOURCES: Pertinent articles were identified through a MEDLINE search of the English language literature from 1984 to 1993, followed by a manual search of the bibliographies of pertinent articles. STUDY SELECTION: Studies selected were case reports, controlled trials, review articles and editorials. DATA EXTRACTION: Effects of @entity8 and @entity9 on hemodynamics, ventricular response in @entity6 , clinical parameters and mortality were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: There are limited data about the effects of @entity8 and @entity9 on ventricular function in @entity0 with @entity4 . In vitro @entity9 has fewer negative inotropic effects than @entity8 . Clinically there are some reports of hemodynamic and clinical deterioration in @entity0 with significant @entity7 given @entity8 although most @entity0 improve with @entity8 . There are more data concerning @entity9 in the setting of @entity6 complicated by @entity4 . The drug does not appear to exacerbate @entity4 , although @entity3 can result. In chronic @entity6 complicated by @entity4 , there is concern that @entity9 may increase mortality. Options for therapy are digoxin, beta-blockers and @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 channel blockers may have a role in the acute reduction of ventricular response in @entity0 with @entity6 complicated by @entity4 ; however, their safety in chronic heart rate control remains to be proven.

title: @entity2 channel blockers for heart rate control in XXXX complicated by @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the safety and efficacy of @entity8 and @entity9 with respect to ventricular response in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in the setting of left ventricular (LV) @entity1 . DATA SOURCES: Pertinent articles were identified through a MEDLINE search of the English language literature from 1984 to 1993, followed by a manual search of the bibliographies of pertinent articles. STUDY SELECTION: Studies selected were case reports, controlled trials, review articles and editorials. DATA EXTRACTION: Effects of @entity8 and @entity9 on hemodynamics, ventricular response in @entity6 , clinical parameters and mortality were reviewed. DATA SYNTHESIS: There are limited data about the effects of @entity8 and @entity9 on ventricular function in @entity0 with @entity4 . In vitro @entity9 has fewer negative inotropic effects than @entity8 . Clinically there are some reports of hemodynamic and clinical deterioration in @entity0 with significant @entity7 given @entity8 although most @entity0 improve with @entity8 . There are more data concerning @entity9 in the setting of @entity6 complicated by @entity4 . The drug does not appear to exacerbate @entity4 , although @entity3 can result. In chronic @entity6 complicated by @entity4 , there is concern that @entity9 may increase mortality. Options for therapy are digoxin, beta-blockers and @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 channel blockers may have a role in the acute reduction of ventricular response in @entity0 with @entity6 complicated by @entity4 ; however, their safety in chronic heart rate control remains to be proven.

title: XXXX channel blockers for heart rate control in @entity6 complicated by @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Giant duodenal @entity3 is a variant of peptic @entity3 that is 2 cm in diameter or greater and essentially replaces the duodenal bulb. Diagnosis by upper gastrointestinal series is often missed, due to the large size of the @entity3 , which causes it to look like a scarred duodenal bulb or duodenal diverticulum. This study reviews our experience with 32 @entity0 who presented with giant duodenal @entity3 between 1963 and 1982. Seventy-five percent of the @entity0 were @entity0 between 30 and 81 years of age (mean age 59 years). @entity1 was a presenting symptom in 75 percent of the @entity0 and free perforation in 9 percent. Diagnosis was made by upper gastrointestinal series (24 @entity0 ), and endoscopy (11 @entity0 ), alone or in combination. Three @entity0 were diagnosed at surgery and one at necropsy. Mean size of the @entity3 was 3.5 cm in diameter, range 2 to 6 cm. Twenty-four @entity0 were initially managed medically (mean length of treatment 41 months), with 2 deaths ( @entity2 ) and 20 recurrences (83 percent). Twenty-seven operations were required in 25 @entity0 . In 17 of the 25, medical treatment had failed. Seven of these @entity0 required emergency surgery. Eight @entity0 were managed primarily by surgery, of whom five presented emergently. There were three deaths in the surgical group after emergency surgery. In two of these @entity0 , medical treatment had failed. There were no deaths among the elective surgery group. Twenty-five of the 27 operative procedures were definitive, acid-reducing operations (15 vagotomy and antrectomy and 10 vagotomy and drainage). Two @entity0 underwent emergency exploration and oversewing of a giant perforated @entity3 alone, and both @entity0 required subsequent surgery because of symptoms. The results indicate that giant duodenal @entity3 should be primarily surgically managed and that an acid-reducing procedure should be performed during primary surgery. These @entity0 do very poorly with medical therapy, and the mortality rate is increased if emergency surgery is required for @entity2 . Medical treatment alone is associated with a high morbidity (92 percent). Should operation be required, a definitive acid reduction operation is the procedure of choice.

title: Management of giant duodenal XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue often accompanies @entity1 ; however, it has not been shown that heart muscle is similarly affected. The aims of this study were to determine whether basal and insulin-stimulated @entity2 transport and @entity2 transporter mRNA content are altered in the spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR) heart. METHODS: Hearts from 16-18-month-old SHRs were compared to their normotensive (WKY) controls. The accumulation of @entity6 (2DG6P), detected using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, was used to assess @entity2 uptake before and during insulin stimulation in the isolated perfused heart. The mRNA levels of both the insulin-sensitive @entity2 transporter ( @entity5 ) and the transporter responsible for basal @entity2 uptake ( @entity4 ) were quantified by Northern blot analysis. RESULTS: The @entity1 @entity0 hearts exhibited @entity3 in that the heart/body weight ratio was increased by 59%. In these hearts, the basal rate of @entity2 uptake was 3-fold greater and hexokinase activity was 1.6 fold greater than that of the control @entity0 hearts. On exposure to insulin, accumulation of 2DG6P increased 5-fold in the control hearts, but only 1.4-fold in the SHR hearts. Thus, in the presence of insulin, the rate of @entity2 uptake by the @entity1 @entity0 heart was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced, being 82% of control. @entity5 mRNA content was decreased was no significant difference in the @entity4 mRNA content. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated insulin resistance in the hypertrophied heart of the @entity1 @entity0 that may have a molecular basis in a lower @entity5 content.

title: Decreased @entity5 mRNA content and insulin-sensitive deoxyglucose uptake show insulin resistance in the XXXX @entity0 heart.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue often accompanies @entity1 ; however, it has not been shown that heart muscle is similarly affected. The aims of this study were to determine whether basal and insulin-stimulated @entity2 transport and @entity2 transporter mRNA content are altered in the spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR) heart. METHODS: Hearts from 16-18-month-old SHRs were compared to their normotensive (WKY) controls. The accumulation of @entity6 (2DG6P), detected using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, was used to assess @entity2 uptake before and during insulin stimulation in the isolated perfused heart. The mRNA levels of both the insulin-sensitive @entity2 transporter ( @entity5 ) and the transporter responsible for basal @entity2 uptake ( @entity4 ) were quantified by Northern blot analysis. RESULTS: The @entity1 @entity0 hearts exhibited @entity3 in that the heart/body weight ratio was increased by 59%. In these hearts, the basal rate of @entity2 uptake was 3-fold greater and hexokinase activity was 1.6 fold greater than that of the control @entity0 hearts. On exposure to insulin, accumulation of 2DG6P increased 5-fold in the control hearts, but only 1.4-fold in the SHR hearts. Thus, in the presence of insulin, the rate of @entity2 uptake by the @entity1 @entity0 heart was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced, being 82% of control. @entity5 mRNA content was decreased was no significant difference in the @entity4 mRNA content. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated insulin resistance in the hypertrophied heart of the @entity1 @entity0 that may have a molecular basis in a lower @entity5 content.

title: Decreased XXXX mRNA content and insulin-sensitive deoxyglucose uptake show insulin resistance in the @entity1 @entity0 heart.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue often accompanies @entity1 ; however, it has not been shown that heart muscle is similarly affected. The aims of this study were to determine whether basal and insulin-stimulated @entity2 transport and @entity2 transporter mRNA content are altered in the spontaneously @entity1 @entity0 (SHR) heart. METHODS: Hearts from 16-18-month-old SHRs were compared to their normotensive (WKY) controls. The accumulation of @entity6 (2DG6P), detected using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, was used to assess @entity2 uptake before and during insulin stimulation in the isolated perfused heart. The mRNA levels of both the insulin-sensitive @entity2 transporter ( @entity5 ) and the transporter responsible for basal @entity2 uptake ( @entity4 ) were quantified by Northern blot analysis. RESULTS: The @entity1 @entity0 hearts exhibited @entity3 in that the heart/body weight ratio was increased by 59%. In these hearts, the basal rate of @entity2 uptake was 3-fold greater and hexokinase activity was 1.6 fold greater than that of the control @entity0 hearts. On exposure to insulin, accumulation of 2DG6P increased 5-fold in the control hearts, but only 1.4-fold in the SHR hearts. Thus, in the presence of insulin, the rate of @entity2 uptake by the @entity1 @entity0 heart was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced, being 82% of control. @entity5 mRNA content was decreased was no significant difference in the @entity4 mRNA content. CONCLUSION: We have demonstrated insulin resistance in the hypertrophied heart of the @entity1 @entity0 that may have a molecular basis in a lower @entity5 content.

title: Decreased @entity5 mRNA content and insulin-sensitive deoxyglucose uptake show insulin resistance in the @entity1 XXXX heart.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Two different techniques were used to isolate potential cDNAs for @entity5 : @entity3 acyltransferase (LPA-AT) enzymes from Limnanthes douglasii. Both heterologous screening with the @entity2 @entity6 clone and in vivo complementation of the @entity1 mutant JC201 which is deficient in LPA-AT activity, were carried out. Clones identified by these procedures were different. Homology searches demonstrated that the clone isolated by heterologous probing, pLAT1, encodes a protein which is most similar to the @entity2 (open reading frame in @entity6 ) and @entity0 @entity7 proteins, which are putative @entity4 -AT sequences. This L. douglasii sequence shows much lower homology to the @entity1 LPA-AT protein PlsC, which is the only LPA-AT sequence confirmed by over-expression studies. The clone isolated by complementation, pLAT2, encodes a protein with homology to both @entity7 and PlsC. It was not possible to over-express the complementing protein encoded by pLAT2 but further experimentation on membranes from complemented JC201 demonstrated that they possess a substrate specificity distinctly different from PlsC and similar to Limnanthes sp. microsome specificity. This data strongly supports the contention that pLAT2 is an LPA-AT clone. Northern blot analysis revealed different expression patterns for the two genes in pLAT1 and pLAT2. Transcription of the gene encoding the insert of pLAT2 occurred almost exclusively in developing seed tissue, whilst the cDNA of pLAT1 hybridised to poly(A)+ mRNA from seed, stem and leaf, demonstrating more widespread expression throughout the plant. Southern blot analysis indicated that the cDNA of pLAT2 was transcribed from a single-copy gene while that for pLAT1 was a member of a small gene family.

title: Identification of a cDNA that encodes a XXXX acyltransferase from Limnanthes douglasii.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Two hundred seventy @entity0 with penetrating chest wall and @entity1 were treated at the Metropolitan Nashville General Hospital in a 5.5-year period ending July 1982. Most (250) were males, and the average age was 29.3 years. One hundred thirty-four injuries were the result of gunshot wounds and 18 @entity0 had sustained shotgun wounds. Stab wounds were the cause of injury in 117 @entity0 . Most @entity0 were successfully treated with closed tube thoracostomy. Twenty-five @entity0 required emergency room thoracotomy, and 27 @entity0 were stable enough to be transported to the operating room for thoracotomy and repair of injuries. Survival in the @entity0 who had emergency room thoracotomy was 12 per cent and 78 percent in @entity0 who had operating room thoracotomy. All but one of the @entity0 who died following operating room thoracotomy died within 1 hour of admission. When thoracotomy is indicated, it frequently must be performed very soon after admission. The indications for emergency thoracotomy must be known and recognized early if it is to be an effective procedure.

title: Penetrating chest wall and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study presents data on cardiac output distribution and uterine and placental blood flows in pregnant @entity0 under chronic steady-state conditions. Ten liters and 67 fetuses were studied at 29 days of gestation, by means of radioactive microspheres. Five nonpregnant female animals were also studied for comparison. Mean cardiac outputs were 747.16 +/- 55.7 and 613.80 +/- 63.76 ml/min in the pregnant and nonpregnant states, respectively. In the pregnant animals, uterine and mammary blood flows were 6.7% +/- 0.7% and 5.1% +/- 0.5% of cardiac output, respectively. Within litters, the highest placental blood flows occurred at the ovarian and vaginal ends of the uterine horn. Placental blood flow per gram of fetus was 0.106 +/- 0.008 ml X min-1 X gm-1. A comparison with analogous data in the @entity2 and @entity1 demonstrates that toward the end of pregnancy placental blood flow per gram of fetus is approximately 2.5-times higher in @entity1 than in @entity0 and @entity2 . Expressed as a percentage of cardiac output, near-term uterine blood flow is significantly less in @entity0 than in @entity2 and @entity1 , whereas mammary blood flow is significantly higher. These interspecies differences are related to differences in placental structure, fetal/maternal mass ratio, and @entity3 at birth.

title: Cardiac output distribution and uteroplacental blood flow in the pregnant XXXX : a comparative study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE AND METHODS: We reviewed the cytogenetic pattern of the malignant cells in 36 @entity0 who were < 20 years of age and who had M4 and @entity2 , excluding M4Eo cases with inv(16). We performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular studies to determine the actual incidence of 11q23/ @entity3 abnormalities in these @entity0 . RESULTS: Eighteen @entity0 had 11q23 translocations or insertions detected by cytogenetic analysis (15 cases) or by FISH (3 cases); 10 @entity0 had t(9;11), all of whom had M5a. Eight @entity0 had other 11q23 translocations or insertions not involving chromosome 9[t(11q23)] (four each had @entity2 ). Eighteen cases with M4/M5 did not have 11q23 abnormalities. @entity3 rearrangements were found in all @entity0 with translocations or insertions of 11q23 who were studied. Clinically, @entity0 with t(9;11) were indistinguishable from other @entity0 with @entity2 . In contrast, the t(11q23) group was characterized by extreme hyperleukocytosis, @entity1 , and skin involvement. @entity0 with the t(9;11) had a better outcome when compared with @entity0 in the t(11q23) group (EFS +/- SE at 3 years, 56 +/- 17% versus 10 +/- 10%, p = 0.04), and to all the remaining @entity0 with @entity2 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of cytogenetic, FISH, and molecular analysis provides a highly sensitive strategy for detection of 11q23/ @entity3 gene rearrangements in childhood @entity2 . Our more precise classification of these @entity0 allows a more accurate correlation with outcome. The favorable prognostic significance of the t(9;11) should be confirmed in prospective studies including a larger number of @entity0 as well as adults.

title: Abnormalities of chromosome band 11q23 and the @entity3 gene in pediatric myelomonocytic and monoblastic XXXX . Identification of the t(9;11) as an indicator of long survival.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE AND METHODS: We reviewed the cytogenetic pattern of the malignant cells in 36 @entity0 who were < 20 years of age and who had M4 and @entity2 , excluding M4Eo cases with inv(16). We performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and molecular studies to determine the actual incidence of 11q23/ @entity3 abnormalities in these @entity0 . RESULTS: Eighteen @entity0 had 11q23 translocations or insertions detected by cytogenetic analysis (15 cases) or by FISH (3 cases); 10 @entity0 had t(9;11), all of whom had M5a. Eight @entity0 had other 11q23 translocations or insertions not involving chromosome 9[t(11q23)] (four each had @entity2 ). Eighteen cases with M4/M5 did not have 11q23 abnormalities. @entity3 rearrangements were found in all @entity0 with translocations or insertions of 11q23 who were studied. Clinically, @entity0 with t(9;11) were indistinguishable from other @entity0 with @entity2 . In contrast, the t(11q23) group was characterized by extreme hyperleukocytosis, @entity1 , and skin involvement. @entity0 with the t(9;11) had a better outcome when compared with @entity0 in the t(11q23) group (EFS +/- SE at 3 years, 56 +/- 17% versus 10 +/- 10%, p = 0.04), and to all the remaining @entity0 with @entity2 (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The combination of cytogenetic, FISH, and molecular analysis provides a highly sensitive strategy for detection of 11q23/ @entity3 gene rearrangements in childhood @entity2 . Our more precise classification of these @entity0 allows a more accurate correlation with outcome. The favorable prognostic significance of the t(9;11) should be confirmed in prospective studies including a larger number of @entity0 as well as adults.

title: Abnormalities of chromosome band 11q23 and the XXXX gene in pediatric myelomonocytic and monoblastic @entity2 . Identification of the t(9;11) as an indicator of long survival.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This paper reviews 14 @entity0 who underwent elbow arthrotomy for @entity4 of the capitellum. The etiology in 7 of the 14 cases appears to be the result of repeated @entity2 from throwing sports. Five of the 14 described a singular significant traumatic episode, and in 2 of the 14, a clear etiology is uncertain. The diagnostic features including signs, symptoms, and elbow range of motion are examined. The operative findings are correlated with plain x-ray films of the elbow in all cases and with an elbow arthrogram in 11 out of 14 cases. The average length of followup was 24 months. The postoperative range of motion was increased an average of 18 degrees. Eighty-six percent (12 out of 14) @entity0 returned to organized, competitive athletic activity without restrictions. The Little League background of those @entity0 with apparent repetitive microtrauma to the elbow is examined in terms of length of pitching experience and types of pitches thrown. In addition, the throwing mechanism of these @entity0 is evaluated with respect to the type of delivery at possible risk for the development of @entity4 . We conclude that after a failure of conservative therapy, surgical treatment, including removal of the intraarticular loose bodies, excision of @entity1 , and curettage to bleeding bone can be expected to produce @entity3 relief and improvement in joint motion. A return to organized competitive sport activities can be expected.

title: The surgical treatment of XXXX of the capitellum.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In the years 1974 to 1981, herniography was performed in 78 athletes with groin @entity1 . The investigation comprised 101 @entity1 groin sides in 23 athletes with bilateral symptoms. Before herniography, a @entity2 was @entity3 (7.9 percent) groins with @entity1 . @entity2 were found at herniography in 84.2 percent of the symptomatic groin sides and in 49.1 percent of the asymptomatic groin sides. Sixty-three @entity2 operations were performed. The herniographic and operative diagnoses corresponded well. Direct hernias dominated among the operated athletes, and were found in 55.6 percent of those below 30 years of age. Altogether 69.8 percent of the operated @entity0 were cured by @entity2 repair and another 20.6 percent were improved. Tenoperiostitis of the adductor muscles was the most frequent diagnosis in those not cured by operation and among the nonoperated @entity0 . Herniography was of great value in selecting those @entity0 who needed a repair. A broad differential diagnostic approach when examining these @entity0 is of the utmost importance.

title: Herniography in athletes with groin XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between @entity7 and risk of @entity3 and @entity1 is well established. However, less evidence exists for an association between @entity6 ( @entity6 ). In this article, we describe the associations between @entity7 and @entity6 . METHODS: All cases aged >= 18 years of first-time diagnosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were identified together with single-matched controls from a primary care general practice database. In addition to the matching characteristics, information was collected on other potentially important confounding factors. RESULTS: There were 457/11,557 (4.0%) @entity4 cases with @entity7 in the year before the index date (73 in the preceding month) compared with 262/11,557 (2.3%) controls (24 in the preceding month). There was an increased risk of @entity4 in the month following infection [adjusted odds ratio (OR)   =   2.64, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.62-4.29] which persisted up to a year. There were 180/5162 (3.5%) @entity5 cases with @entity7 in the year before the index date compared with 94/5162 (1.8%) controls excluding those in the preceding month to avoid the possible misdiagnosis of early @entity5 . There was an increased risk of @entity5 in the 3 months following infection (adjusted OR   =   2.50, 95% CI 1.33-4.72) which may have persisted up to a year. CONCLUSIONS: There are strong associations between recent @entity7 and @entity6 . There should be less distinction between venous and arterial events in decisions about preventing or aborting @entity2 , especially in high-risk @entity0 .

title: Recent @entity7 and risk of XXXX : case-control study through a general practice database.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between @entity7 and risk of @entity3 and @entity1 is well established. However, less evidence exists for an association between @entity6 ( @entity6 ). In this article, we describe the associations between @entity7 and @entity6 . METHODS: All cases aged >= 18 years of first-time diagnosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were identified together with single-matched controls from a primary care general practice database. In addition to the matching characteristics, information was collected on other potentially important confounding factors. RESULTS: There were 457/11,557 (4.0%) @entity4 cases with @entity7 in the year before the index date (73 in the preceding month) compared with 262/11,557 (2.3%) controls (24 in the preceding month). There was an increased risk of @entity4 in the month following infection [adjusted odds ratio (OR)   =   2.64, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.62-4.29] which persisted up to a year. There were 180/5162 (3.5%) @entity5 cases with @entity7 in the year before the index date compared with 94/5162 (1.8%) controls excluding those in the preceding month to avoid the possible misdiagnosis of early @entity5 . There was an increased risk of @entity5 in the 3 months following infection (adjusted OR   =   2.50, 95% CI 1.33-4.72) which may have persisted up to a year. CONCLUSIONS: There are strong associations between recent @entity7 and @entity6 . There should be less distinction between venous and arterial events in decisions about preventing or aborting @entity2 , especially in high-risk @entity0 .

title: Recent XXXX and risk of @entity6 : case-control study through a general practice database.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 are associated with @entity1 . This study examines @entity1 correlates in @entity0 with SSc. METHODS: @entity0 are 180 SSc @entity0 in an observational study. At baseline, @entity0 completed the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep measure (MOS-Sleep scale). In addition, @entity0 were administered other @entity0 -reported outcome (PRO) measures including the 36-item short form (SF-36), @entity7 index (HAQ-DI), Functional Assessment of @entity3 Therapy-Fatigue (FACIT-Fatigue), @entity6 ( @entity6 ) scale and a University of California at Los Angeles Scleroderma Clinical Trial Consortium Gastrointestinal Tract Questionnaire (UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0). Descriptive statistics were assessed for six scales of MOS-Sleep and the 9-item sleep problem index (SLP-9; a composite index). We computed Spearman's rank-order correlations between the MOS-Sleep scales and the HAQ-DI, FACIT-Fatigue, @entity6 , SSc-SCTC GIT 2.0 and SF-36 scales. In addition, we developed a regression model to assess predictors of SLP-9 scores. Covariates included demographics, physician variables of disease severity and @entity0 -reported variables of worsening symptoms and the PRO measures. RESULTS: SSc @entity0 reported a mean (s.d.) of 7.1 (1.73) h of sleep a night. @entity0 reported worse scores on four of six scales (except for snoring and sleep quantity) compared with the US general population (P < 0.001). SLP-9 was correlated with @entity4 and dyspnoea over the past 1 month, reflux scale of the UCLA SCTC GIT 2.0, @entity6 and FACIT-Fatigue (   0.26-0.56). In the stepwise multivariate regression model, the @entity6 , worsening dyspnoea and reflux scale were significantly associated with SLP-9 index. CONCLUSION: Sleep disturbances are common in SSc and are associated with worsening dyspnoea, @entity6 mood and severity of @entity5 .

title: Prevalence and correlates of XXXX in systemic sclerosis--results from the UCLA scleroderma quality of life study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Skeletal @entity1 size (SMDS) was assessed in 35 @entity0 and 34 @entity0 runners after a 42.2-km race using a method developed for estimation of @entity2 size. SMDS was computed according to the following equation: SMDS = (BW) (K) (CKr), where BW is body weight, K is a constant, and CKr is the cumulative amount of @entity3 kinase (CK) released over time. The method takes into account CK distribution space, fractional disappearance rate of CK, proportion of CK degraded in skeletal muscle, and proportion of CK released into the circulation. Assumptions are made regarding the relative amount of CK lost from skeletal muscle into the circulation. The SMDS in @entity0 , 808 +/- 1,229 (SD) CK g-eq was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than in @entity0 , 160 +/- 147 (SD) CK g-eq. The ranges of SMDS (CK g-eq) were 23-5,397 in @entity0 and 7-624 in @entity0 . A significant difference (P less than 0.05) also remained after correction for body surface area; @entity0 432 +/- 583 (SD), @entity0 100 +/- 63 (SD) CK g-eq/m2. In @entity0 and @entity0 , no significant correlation existed between SMDS and age or marathon finish time. Although relatively theoretical, results indicate that greater skeletal @entity1 occurred in @entity0 vs. @entity0 runners after a marathon. Whether the release of CK from skeletal muscle is the result of irreversible and/or reversible injury has not yet been determined.

title: Enzymatic estimation of skeletal @entity1 by analysis of changes in serum XXXX kinase.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Skeletal @entity1 size (SMDS) was assessed in 35 @entity0 and 34 @entity0 runners after a 42.2-km race using a method developed for estimation of @entity2 size. SMDS was computed according to the following equation: SMDS = (BW) (K) (CKr), where BW is body weight, K is a constant, and CKr is the cumulative amount of @entity3 kinase (CK) released over time. The method takes into account CK distribution space, fractional disappearance rate of CK, proportion of CK degraded in skeletal muscle, and proportion of CK released into the circulation. Assumptions are made regarding the relative amount of CK lost from skeletal muscle into the circulation. The SMDS in @entity0 , 808 +/- 1,229 (SD) CK g-eq was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than in @entity0 , 160 +/- 147 (SD) CK g-eq. The ranges of SMDS (CK g-eq) were 23-5,397 in @entity0 and 7-624 in @entity0 . A significant difference (P less than 0.05) also remained after correction for body surface area; @entity0 432 +/- 583 (SD), @entity0 100 +/- 63 (SD) CK g-eq/m2. In @entity0 and @entity0 , no significant correlation existed between SMDS and age or marathon finish time. Although relatively theoretical, results indicate that greater skeletal @entity1 occurred in @entity0 vs. @entity0 runners after a marathon. Whether the release of CK from skeletal muscle is the result of irreversible and/or reversible injury has not yet been determined.

title: Enzymatic estimation of skeletal XXXX by analysis of changes in serum @entity3 kinase.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complications after @entity3 ( @entity3 ) replacement are often clinically devastating, particularly when @entity2 or reoperation occurs. Identifying factors contributing to complications may permit identification of high-risk individuals that warrant incremental monitoring and therapy to attenuate risk. In addition, replacement may be a discretionary decision in the context of an advisory or borderline device performance and @entity0 , device, and implanter factors that predict adverse outcome may assist in clinical decision-making. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a prospective, multicenter, population-based registry of all @entity3 @entity0 at 18 centers in Ontario, Canada, we examined 45-day complication and all-cause mortality rates from February 2007 to August 2009 in @entity0 undergoing @entity3 generator replacement. Complications were determined longitudinally and were categorized as major or minor. @entity3 replacement was performed in 1081 of 5176 @entity0 (20.8%) undergoing @entity3 implantation (age, 64.3  12.7 years; 78.5% @entity0 ). In @entity0 undergoing @entity3 replacement, 47 @entity0 (4.3%) had a complication within 45 days, with 47 major complications in 28 @entity0 (2.6%), most commonly @entity2 (n=23), lead revision (n=35), electrical storm (n=14), and @entity5 (n=13). Minor complications occurred in 2.3% of @entity0 , most commonly incisional @entity2 (n=10) and pocket @entity4 (n=10). On multivariable analysis, risk factors associated with major complications were Canadian @entity1 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.70 for class 2 to 4 versus 0 to 1; P=0.027) and multiple previous procedures on the pocket (adjusted HR, 3.35 for >1 versus 1; P=0.058). Risk factors associated with any complication were the use of antiarrhythmic therapy (adjusted HR, 6.29; P=0.001), implanter volume (adjusted HR 10.4 for <60/y versus >120/y, P=0.026), and Canadian @entity1 (adjusted HR, 3.00 for class 2 to 4 versus 0 to 1; P=0.031). In a Cox model with a time-dependent variable of major complication within 45 days after replacement, major complications after @entity3 replacement were associated with an increased risk of mortality at 45, 90, and 180 days (adjusted HR, 9.61, 12.69, and 6.41, respectively; P=0.002 to 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors associated with complications after @entity3 replacement include the presence of angina, antiarrhythmic therapy, increased number of previous procedures, and low implanter volume. Major complications may be associated with increased risk of subsequent mortality.

title: Predictors of short-term complications after @entity3 replacement: results from the Ontario XXXX Database.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complications after @entity3 ( @entity3 ) replacement are often clinically devastating, particularly when @entity2 or reoperation occurs. Identifying factors contributing to complications may permit identification of high-risk individuals that warrant incremental monitoring and therapy to attenuate risk. In addition, replacement may be a discretionary decision in the context of an advisory or borderline device performance and @entity0 , device, and implanter factors that predict adverse outcome may assist in clinical decision-making. METHODS AND RESULTS: In a prospective, multicenter, population-based registry of all @entity3 @entity0 at 18 centers in Ontario, Canada, we examined 45-day complication and all-cause mortality rates from February 2007 to August 2009 in @entity0 undergoing @entity3 generator replacement. Complications were determined longitudinally and were categorized as major or minor. @entity3 replacement was performed in 1081 of 5176 @entity0 (20.8%) undergoing @entity3 implantation (age, 64.3  12.7 years; 78.5% @entity0 ). In @entity0 undergoing @entity3 replacement, 47 @entity0 (4.3%) had a complication within 45 days, with 47 major complications in 28 @entity0 (2.6%), most commonly @entity2 (n=23), lead revision (n=35), electrical storm (n=14), and @entity5 (n=13). Minor complications occurred in 2.3% of @entity0 , most commonly incisional @entity2 (n=10) and pocket @entity4 (n=10). On multivariable analysis, risk factors associated with major complications were Canadian @entity1 (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 3.70 for class 2 to 4 versus 0 to 1; P=0.027) and multiple previous procedures on the pocket (adjusted HR, 3.35 for >1 versus 1; P=0.058). Risk factors associated with any complication were the use of antiarrhythmic therapy (adjusted HR, 6.29; P=0.001), implanter volume (adjusted HR 10.4 for <60/y versus >120/y, P=0.026), and Canadian @entity1 (adjusted HR, 3.00 for class 2 to 4 versus 0 to 1; P=0.031). In a Cox model with a time-dependent variable of major complication within 45 days after replacement, major complications after @entity3 replacement were associated with an increased risk of mortality at 45, 90, and 180 days (adjusted HR, 9.61, 12.69, and 6.41, respectively; P=0.002 to 0.039). CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors associated with complications after @entity3 replacement include the presence of angina, antiarrhythmic therapy, increased number of previous procedures, and low implanter volume. Major complications may be associated with increased risk of subsequent mortality.

title: Predictors of short-term complications after XXXX replacement: results from the Ontario @entity3 Database.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Fibrin deposition is characteristic of inflammatory diseases. The monocytes is central to the inflammatory response and can affect fibrinolysis by expression of urokinase ( @entity5 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor types 1 and 2 ( @entity4 and @entity6 , respectively). This study examines whether @entity3 , which promotes @entity2 , can contribute to fibrin persistence by modulating expression of proteins of the fibrinolytic system. Monocytes were isolated from @entity0 peripheral blood and analyzed for @entity6 , @entity4 , and @entity5 antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Monocytes responded to @entity3 by increased expression of @entity6 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with maximal synthesis at a concentration of 1 U/mL to 10 U/mL. This trend was also evident for @entity4 , which was present at much lower levels. @entity3 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated comparable levels of @entity6 , studied at the antigen and mRNA level. The dose effet of LPS on @entity6 and @entity4 was found to differ from that of @entity3 . The level of @entity5 was undetectable by ELISA and zymography in all samples. @entity3 stimulates @entity6 synthesis by @entity0 monocytes, therefore creating an imbalance in the fibrinolytic system. This may contribute to persistence of fibrin, deposited during @entity1 .

title: XXXX modulates synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 by @entity0 peripheral blood monocytes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Fibrin deposition is characteristic of inflammatory diseases. The monocytes is central to the inflammatory response and can affect fibrinolysis by expression of urokinase ( @entity5 ) and plasminogen activator inhibitor types 1 and 2 ( @entity4 and @entity6 , respectively). This study examines whether @entity3 , which promotes @entity2 , can contribute to fibrin persistence by modulating expression of proteins of the fibrinolytic system. Monocytes were isolated from @entity0 peripheral blood and analyzed for @entity6 , @entity4 , and @entity5 antigens by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Monocytes responded to @entity3 by increased expression of @entity6 in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with maximal synthesis at a concentration of 1 U/mL to 10 U/mL. This trend was also evident for @entity4 , which was present at much lower levels. @entity3 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated comparable levels of @entity6 , studied at the antigen and mRNA level. The dose effet of LPS on @entity6 and @entity4 was found to differ from that of @entity3 . The level of @entity5 was undetectable by ELISA and zymography in all samples. @entity3 stimulates @entity6 synthesis by @entity0 monocytes, therefore creating an imbalance in the fibrinolytic system. This may contribute to persistence of fibrin, deposited during @entity1 .

title: @entity3 modulates synthesis of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 by XXXX peripheral blood monocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: Specimens have thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) measured prior to thyroglobulin (Tg) testing because the qualitative TgAb status (positive or negative) determines risk for Tg assay interference, and the quantitative TgAb concentration serves as a surrogate @entity0 marker for @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the reliability of four TgAb methods to detect interfering TgAb [as judged from abnormally low Tg immunometric assay (IMA) to Tg RIA ratios] and determine whether between-method conversion factors might prevent a change in method from disrupting TgAb monitoring. METHODS: Sera from selected and unselected TgAb-negative and TgAb-positive @entity1 patients had serum Tg measured by both IMA and RIA and TgAb measured by a reference method and three additional methods. RESULTS: The Tg IMA and Tg RIA values were concordant when TgAb was absent. Tg IMA to Tg RIA ratios below 75% were considered to indicate TgAb interference. Manufacturer-recommended cutoffs were set in the detectable range, and when used to determine the presence of TgAb misclassified many specimens displaying Tg interference as TgAb negative. False-negative misclassifications were virtually eliminated for two of four methods by using the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) as the detection limit for TgAb. Relationships between values for different specimens were too variable to establish between-method conversion factors. CONCLUSIONS: Many specimens with interfering TgAb were misclassified as TgAb negative using manufacturer-recommended cutoffs. It is recommended that assay @entity2 limits be used to detect TgAb to minimize false-negative misclassifications. However, for two of four assays, @entity2 limits failed to detect interfering TgAb in 20-30% of cases. TgAb methods were too qualitatively and quantitatively variable to establish conversion factors that would allow a change in method without disrupting serial TgAb monitoring.

title: Current thyroglobulin autoantibody (TgAb) assays often fail to detect interfering TgAb that can result in the reporting of falsely low/undetectable serum Tg IMA values for patients with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A best evidence topic in thoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was whether chemical pleurodesis is superior to catheter drainage or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in the management of @entity0 with @entity2 . Overall 161 papers were found using the reported search, of which 14 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, @entity0 group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results are tabulated. We conclude that chemical pleurodesis is superior to chronic catheter drainage and @entity4 in terms survival length and mortality rates but in @entity0 with @entity1 chronic intrapleural catheter placement is indicated. Six studies reported @entity0 outcomes after treatment with chemical pleurodesis. They report high success rates (89.4%) and low mortality rates (2%) without any need to convert to open thoracotomy. Mean hospital stay of 2.33 days, complication rates of 16.5% and mean survival length of 23.8    16.3 months were observed. Five studies managed @entity3 ( @entity3 ) using chronic indwelling catheters. They reported mean survival length of 126 days. Symptomatic relief was achieved in 94.2% of @entity0 . There was a significant reduction in the Medical Research Council dyspnoea score (3.0-1.9, P < 0.001) and despite complication rates of 22%, comparable mortality rates (7.5%) were observed. Even in @entity0 with @entity1 , mean survival length was 125 days with symptomatic improvement being achieved in 90.9% of @entity0 . Three studies treated @entity3 using PPSs. Mean hospital stay was 6.2 days (range 2-26) with a mean survival length of 11 months. Pleurodesis success rates varied from 57.1% to 95% with a complication rate of 14.8%. PPSs were shown to produce lower success rates (57.1% vs. 92.3%), shorter survival lengths (4.3    1.9 vs. 6.7    2.1 months) and higher complication rates (14.3% vs. 2.8%) than talc pleurodesis. Overall, chemical pleurodesis is the optimal treatment option for MPE with use of chronic intrapleural catheters reserved in cases where talc pleurodesis is not possible.

title: What is the best treatment for XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: Since endogenous 1:25 @entity6 (1:25VD) is principally involved with involution of secondary @entity8 post-renal transplant we correlated 1:25VD levels with intact @entity4 in 82 random @entity0 with a serum @entity7 of < 2 mg/dl and with normal hepatic function. All @entity0 studied were normocalcemic with normal @entity9 and received @entity5 , @entity2 and @entity3 . Of considerable interest, of the 42 @entity0 studied after 2 years post-transplant, there were 8 (19%) @entity0 with intact @entity4 of more than twice the upper limit of normal (normal 10-65 pg/ml) and other 15 (36%) with @entity4 levels above normal. Secondly, in no @entity0 did we see 1:25VD above normal (normal 15-60 pg/ml) despite levels of @entity4 of > 200 pg/ml. Of concern, 20% of 73 @entity0 had 1:25VD deficiency (< 15 pg/ml). This may not have been previously appreciated because of the number of @entity0 studied. Like previous investigators, we failed to understand why 1:25VD levels were relatively low. There was no correlation between 1:25VD and serum @entity7 . Of 25 @entity0 with a serum @entity7 of 1.4 or less, there were 10 @entity0 (40%) with 1:25VD of less than 20 pg/ml. Since persistently high @entity4 can contribute to @entity1 , which is not uncommon post-transplant, we treated 8 @entity0 with small doses of oral 1:25VD ( @entity10 ). In less than 6 months @entity4 levels returned to normal in 7 of the 8 @entity0 . The current studies clearly indicate that asymptomatic @entity8 is common even after 2 years post-renal transplant. Monitoring for @entity4 and 1:25VD will help prevent @entity1 post-transplant now that @entity10 is available.

title: @entity8 associated with relatively low 1:25 @entity6 levels post-renal transplant can be successfully treated with oral XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: Since endogenous 1:25 @entity6 (1:25VD) is principally involved with involution of secondary @entity8 post-renal transplant we correlated 1:25VD levels with intact @entity4 in 82 random @entity0 with a serum @entity7 of < 2 mg/dl and with normal hepatic function. All @entity0 studied were normocalcemic with normal @entity9 and received @entity5 , @entity2 and @entity3 . Of considerable interest, of the 42 @entity0 studied after 2 years post-transplant, there were 8 (19%) @entity0 with intact @entity4 of more than twice the upper limit of normal (normal 10-65 pg/ml) and other 15 (36%) with @entity4 levels above normal. Secondly, in no @entity0 did we see 1:25VD above normal (normal 15-60 pg/ml) despite levels of @entity4 of > 200 pg/ml. Of concern, 20% of 73 @entity0 had 1:25VD deficiency (< 15 pg/ml). This may not have been previously appreciated because of the number of @entity0 studied. Like previous investigators, we failed to understand why 1:25VD levels were relatively low. There was no correlation between 1:25VD and serum @entity7 . Of 25 @entity0 with a serum @entity7 of 1.4 or less, there were 10 @entity0 (40%) with 1:25VD of less than 20 pg/ml. Since persistently high @entity4 can contribute to @entity1 , which is not uncommon post-transplant, we treated 8 @entity0 with small doses of oral 1:25VD ( @entity10 ). In less than 6 months @entity4 levels returned to normal in 7 of the 8 @entity0 . The current studies clearly indicate that asymptomatic @entity8 is common even after 2 years post-renal transplant. Monitoring for @entity4 and 1:25VD will help prevent @entity1 post-transplant now that @entity10 is available.

title: @entity8 associated with relatively low 1:25 XXXX levels post-renal transplant can be successfully treated with oral @entity10 .

answer: @entity6