abstract: Acute @entity1 still constitute one of the leading causes of @entity0 in the world and a major cause of morbidity in Europe. Unfortunately, most European countries do not have an information system oriented towards acute intestinal infection surveillance. The present work is an analysis of cases of @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity1 , and @entity2 reported from January 1980 to December 1985. Data from 24 of the 33 countries belonging to WHO Regional Office for Europe ( @entity6 -WHO) were considered. Data for 1980 and 1981 were taken from World Health Organization statistics, while data for 1982-85 were taken from bulletins sent to @entity6 -WHO and WHOCCHDS by individual countries. Data was entered in an IBM 4341 computer system and a data base was organized using a general purpose inquiry language (IBM's APLDI). Rates per 100,000 were calculated using as a denominator 1983 WHO official population figures. The quality of the data is a great problem, as the only available sources of information are official national reports which underestimate the actual incidence of diseases. For @entity3 , Mediterranean countries show much higher incidences than the rest of Europe, although a decreasing trend can be seen for all European countries. We estimate that the data for @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity5 are reliable, while reports of @entity1 and @entity2 represent only a very small percentage of the actual number of cases.

title: Acute XXXX in Europe. A review of reported cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Systemic blood was collected from and surgery performed on sows of 3 strains of miniature @entity2 bred for specific @entity4 ( @entity2 MHC) haplotypes (a, c and d) from Day 2 to Day 6 after mating (first day of mating = Day 0). Ovulation rate was determined by counting corpora lutea and embryos were flushed from the uterus. @entity1 , @entity0 -17 beta and @entity3 were quantitated in blood plasma and uterine flushings by RIA. SLAd/d females had a higher ovulation rate than SLAa/a or SLAc/c females (11.50 +/- 0.87 vs 9.11 +/- 0.68 and 8.17 +/- 0.83, respectively; P less than 0.01). @entity3 was higher than @entity0 -17 beta in systemic plasma (56.5 +/- 6.4 vs 33.0 +/- 4.7 pg/ml, P less than 0.01) while @entity0 -17 beta was higher than @entity3 in uterine flushings (19.8 +/- 1.4 vs 14.9 +/- 1.5 pg/horn, P less than 0.10). Systemic @entity1 concentration was correlated with day after mating (r = 0.93, P less than 0.01). There was no effect of haplotype on any of the hormone concentrations measured. Litter size was analysed from 99 matings amongst SLAa/a, SLAa/c, SLAa/d, SLAd/c and SLAd/d sires and dams. Litter size from -/d and d/d sows or from d/d boars were larger (P less than 0.05) than for all other matings. Although ovulation rate was higher in SLAd/d sows, the significant effect of sire @entity4 genotype on litter size suggests an additional effect of the d haplotype on embryonic survival.

title: Influence of XXXX haplotype on ovulation rate and litter size in miniature @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Systemic blood was collected from and surgery performed on sows of 3 strains of miniature @entity2 bred for specific @entity4 ( @entity2 MHC) haplotypes (a, c and d) from Day 2 to Day 6 after mating (first day of mating = Day 0). Ovulation rate was determined by counting corpora lutea and embryos were flushed from the uterus. @entity1 , @entity0 -17 beta and @entity3 were quantitated in blood plasma and uterine flushings by RIA. SLAd/d females had a higher ovulation rate than SLAa/a or SLAc/c females (11.50 +/- 0.87 vs 9.11 +/- 0.68 and 8.17 +/- 0.83, respectively; P less than 0.01). @entity3 was higher than @entity0 -17 beta in systemic plasma (56.5 +/- 6.4 vs 33.0 +/- 4.7 pg/ml, P less than 0.01) while @entity0 -17 beta was higher than @entity3 in uterine flushings (19.8 +/- 1.4 vs 14.9 +/- 1.5 pg/horn, P less than 0.10). Systemic @entity1 concentration was correlated with day after mating (r = 0.93, P less than 0.01). There was no effect of haplotype on any of the hormone concentrations measured. Litter size was analysed from 99 matings amongst SLAa/a, SLAa/c, SLAa/d, SLAd/c and SLAd/d sires and dams. Litter size from -/d and d/d sows or from d/d boars were larger (P less than 0.05) than for all other matings. Although ovulation rate was higher in SLAd/d sows, the significant effect of sire @entity4 genotype on litter size suggests an additional effect of the d haplotype on embryonic survival.

title: Influence of @entity4 haplotype on ovulation rate and litter size in miniature XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The dematiaceous (brown-pigmented) fungi are a large and heterogenous group of moulds that cause a wide range of diseases including @entity15 , @entity12 , and @entity13 . Among the more important @entity0 pathogens are Alternaria species, @entity14 , Cladophialophora bantiana, Curvularia species, Exophiala species, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Madurella species, Phialophora species, Scedosporium prolificans, Scytalidium dimidiatum, and Wangiella dermatitidis. These organisms are widespread in the environment, being found in soil, wood, and decomposing @entity11 . Cutaneous, subcutaneous, and @entity2 with dematiaceous fungi occur worldwide, but are more common in tropical and subtropical climates. Infection results from traumatic implantation. Most cases occur in immunocompetent individuals. Dematiaceous moulds are also important causes of invasive @entity6 and @entity1 . Infection is thought to follow inhalation. Although @entity2 is the commonest form of systemic @entity15 , other localized deep forms of the disease, such as @entity4 , and @entity5 , have been reported. @entity2 is uncommon, but its incidence is increasing, particularly among immunocompromised individuals. Scedosporium prolificans is the most frequent cause. A number of dematiaceous fungi are neurotropic, including Cladophialophora bantiana, Ramichloridium mackenziei, and Wangiella dermatitidis. Although cases have occurred in immunocompromised @entity0 , @entity16 is most common in immunocompetent individuals with no obvious risk factors. Most forms of disease caused by dematiaceous fungi require both surgical and medical treatment. @entity7 is currently the most effective antifungal agent for @entity12 and @entity15 , while @entity9 remains useful for @entity13 . Extensive surgical debridement combined with @entity8 treatment is recommended for chronic invasive @entity6 . Long-term treatment with @entity7 has led to improvement or remission in some @entity0 that had failed to respond to @entity8 . @entity1 requires surgical removal of impacted @entity10 combined with postoperative oral @entity3 . Antifungal treatment is not usually of benefit, but post-operative @entity7 may reduce the need for reoperation. The clinical outcome of cerebral and other deep-seated forms of @entity15 is dismal, with long-term survival being reported only when complete surgical resection of discrete lesions is possible. The development of new antifungal agents and combination treatment may help to improve the management of these @entity2 .

title: Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and therapy of XXXX caused by dematiaceous fungi.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the safety and efficacy of treatment with gamma interferon ( @entity3 ) in @entity0 with metastatic @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: 51 @entity0 were enrolled on this Phase II Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) study. Seventy five percent of them had hormonally active @entity1 . Treatment consisted of @entity3 subcutaneously at a daily dose of 0.1 mg/m(2). Patents were evaluated for @entity2 weekly for the first month and monthly thereafter; response was determined radiologically every 8 weeks. RESULTS: @entity0 received treatment with @entity3 for a median of 17.9 weeks (range 2-175). @entity2 was generally mild and expected: 61% experienced noninfected fever and 21% developed @entity4 . Three @entity0 (6%) had a partial response; there were no complete responses. Median time to progression was 5.5 months (95% confidence interval 3.9-11.1). The 1-year progression free rate was 28% (13.4-43.4%). Median survival was 42 months, with a 1-year survival rate of 67% (53.3-80%). DISCUSSION: This Phase II study demonstrated that therapy with @entity3 in @entity0 with metastatic @entity1 was well-tolerated, but did not produce significant antitumor effects. The overall results were somewhat comparable to those previously seen with alpha interferons as well as cytotoxic drugs.

title: Phase II study of interferon gamma in malignant XXXX (E9292): a trial of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Large, full-thickness @entity3 after head and neck surgery continue to be a challenge for reconstructive surgeons. The reconstructive aims are to restore the oral lining, the external cheek, oral competence, and function (i.e., articulation, speech, and mastication). The authors' refinement of the composite radial forearm-palmaris @entity4 technique meets these criteria and allows a functional reconstruction of extensive lip and cheek defects in one stage. A composite radial forearm flap including the @entity2 was designed. The skin flap for the reconstruction of the intraoral lining and the skin defect was folded over the @entity2 . Both ends of the vascularized tendon were laid through the bilateral modiolus and anchored with adequate tension to the intact orbicularis muscle of the upper lip. This procedure was used in 12 @entity0 . Six @entity0 had @entity1 of the lower lip, five @entity0 had a buccal @entity1 involving the lip, and one @entity0 had a primary gum @entity1 that extended to the lower lip. Total to near-total resection (more than 80 percent) of the lower lip was indicated in six @entity0 . In two other @entity0 , the @entity1 ablation included more than 80 percent of the lower lip and up to 40 percent of the upper lip. A radial forearm palmaris @entity4 was used in all cases for reconstruction of the defect. Free flap survival was 100 percent. At the time of final evaluation, which was 1 year after the operation, all @entity0 had good oral continence at rest (static suspension) and had achieved sufficient oral competence when eating. Ten @entity0 were able to resume a regular diet, and two @entity0 could eat a soft diet. All @entity0 regained normal or near-normal speech and had an acceptable appearance. The described refinement of the composite radial palmaris @entity4 technique allows the reconstruction of the lower lip with a functioning oral sphincter; the technique can be recommended for @entity0 who need large lower lip resection. It provides functional recovery of the reconstructed lower lip synchronizing with the remaining upper lip.

title: Total lower lip reconstruction with a composite radial forearm- XXXX flap: a clinical series.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 remains a common problem in plastic surgery and one for which proangiogenic approaches have been investigated. Given the recent discovery of circulating endothelial stem or progenitor cells that are able to form new blood vessels, the authors sought to determine whether these cells might selectively traffic to regions of tissue @entity2 and induce @entity4 . Endothelial progenitor cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy @entity0 volunteers and expanded ex vivo for 7 days. Elevation of a cranially based random-pattern skin flap was performed in @entity1 , after which they were injected with fluorescent-labeled endothelial progenitor cells (5 x 10(5); n = 15), fluorescent-labeled @entity0 microvascular endothelial cells (5 x 10(5); n = 15), or media alone (n = 15). Histologic examination demonstrated that endothelial progenitor cells were recruited to @entity2 tissue and first appeared by postoperative day 3. Subsequently, endothelial progenitor cell numbers increased exponentially over time for the remainder of the study [0 cells/ @entity3 at day 0 (n = 3), 9.6 +/- 0.9 cells/ @entity3 at day 3 (n = 3), 24.6 +/- 1.5 cells/ @entity3 at day 7 (n = 3), and 196.3 +/- 9.6 cells/ @entity3 at day 14 (n = 9)]. At all time points, endothelial progenitor cells localized preferentially to @entity2 tissue and healing wound edges, and were not observed in normal, uninjured tissues. Endothelial progenitor cell transplantation led to a statistically significant increase in vascular density in @entity2 tissues by postoperative day 14 [28.7 +/- 1.2 in the endothelial progenitor cell group (n = 9) versus 18 +/- 1.1 in the control media group (n = 9) and 17.7 +/- 1.0 in the @entity0 microvascular endothelial cell group (n = 9; p < 0.01)]. Endothelial progenitor cell transplantation also showed trends toward increased flap survival [171.2 +/- 18 @entity3 in the endothelial progenitor cell group (n = 12) versus 134.2 +/- 10 @entity3 in the media group (n = 12) and 145.0 +/- 13 @entity3 in the @entity0 microvascular endothelial cell group (n = 12)], but this did not reach statistical significance. These findings indicate that local tissue @entity2 is a potent stimulus for the recruitment of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Systemic delivery of endothelial progenitor cells increased @entity4 and suggests that autologous endothelial progenitor cell transplantation may have a role in the salvage of @entity2 tissue.

title: Selective recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells to @entity2 tissues with increased XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 remains a common problem in plastic surgery and one for which proangiogenic approaches have been investigated. Given the recent discovery of circulating endothelial stem or progenitor cells that are able to form new blood vessels, the authors sought to determine whether these cells might selectively traffic to regions of tissue @entity2 and induce @entity4 . Endothelial progenitor cells were isolated from the peripheral blood of healthy @entity0 volunteers and expanded ex vivo for 7 days. Elevation of a cranially based random-pattern skin flap was performed in @entity1 , after which they were injected with fluorescent-labeled endothelial progenitor cells (5 x 10(5); n = 15), fluorescent-labeled @entity0 microvascular endothelial cells (5 x 10(5); n = 15), or media alone (n = 15). Histologic examination demonstrated that endothelial progenitor cells were recruited to @entity2 tissue and first appeared by postoperative day 3. Subsequently, endothelial progenitor cell numbers increased exponentially over time for the remainder of the study [0 cells/ @entity3 at day 0 (n = 3), 9.6 +/- 0.9 cells/ @entity3 at day 3 (n = 3), 24.6 +/- 1.5 cells/ @entity3 at day 7 (n = 3), and 196.3 +/- 9.6 cells/ @entity3 at day 14 (n = 9)]. At all time points, endothelial progenitor cells localized preferentially to @entity2 tissue and healing wound edges, and were not observed in normal, uninjured tissues. Endothelial progenitor cell transplantation led to a statistically significant increase in vascular density in @entity2 tissues by postoperative day 14 [28.7 +/- 1.2 in the endothelial progenitor cell group (n = 9) versus 18 +/- 1.1 in the control media group (n = 9) and 17.7 +/- 1.0 in the @entity0 microvascular endothelial cell group (n = 9; p < 0.01)]. Endothelial progenitor cell transplantation also showed trends toward increased flap survival [171.2 +/- 18 @entity3 in the endothelial progenitor cell group (n = 12) versus 134.2 +/- 10 @entity3 in the media group (n = 12) and 145.0 +/- 13 @entity3 in the @entity0 microvascular endothelial cell group (n = 12)], but this did not reach statistical significance. These findings indicate that local tissue @entity2 is a potent stimulus for the recruitment of circulating endothelial progenitor cells. Systemic delivery of endothelial progenitor cells increased @entity4 and suggests that autologous endothelial progenitor cell transplantation may have a role in the salvage of @entity2 tissue.

title: Selective recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells to XXXX tissues with increased @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of intravitreal @entity2 (tPA) in the management of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity0 with symptoms for <3 days. METHODS: We evaluated the visual outcome of a consecutive series of @entity0 with @entity3 following intravitreal tPA injection. All @entity0 presented with visual acuity worse than 20/50 within 3 days from the onset of symptoms. Main outcome measures included percentage of @entity0 whose final vision improved to 20/50 or better and change in percentage of @entity0 with vision of 20/200 or worse before and after treatment. RESULTS: Twelve @entity0 received intravitreal tPA for @entity3 . Nine @entity0 (75%) had best-corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or worse at presentation compared with 4 @entity0 (33%) at the last follow-up after treatment. Five (55%) of these 9 @entity0 had final visual acuity that improved to 20/50 or better. The remaining four @entity0 did not have improvement or their vision continued to worsen. All 4 @entity0 had fluorescein angiographic evidence of >10 disk areas of capillary nonperfusion at presentation. Overall, 8 (67%) of 12 @entity0 had final visual acuity of 20/50 or better. No side effects related to @entity1 injection were observed. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that intravitreal tPA injection may have a beneficial role in the management of @entity3 when used within a few days of the onset of symptoms in @entity0 with no angiographic evidence of severe capillary nonperfusion even if initial visual acuity is 20/200 or worse.

title: Intravitreal XXXX in the management of @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of intravitreal @entity2 (tPA) in the management of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity0 with symptoms for <3 days. METHODS: We evaluated the visual outcome of a consecutive series of @entity0 with @entity3 following intravitreal tPA injection. All @entity0 presented with visual acuity worse than 20/50 within 3 days from the onset of symptoms. Main outcome measures included percentage of @entity0 whose final vision improved to 20/50 or better and change in percentage of @entity0 with vision of 20/200 or worse before and after treatment. RESULTS: Twelve @entity0 received intravitreal tPA for @entity3 . Nine @entity0 (75%) had best-corrected visual acuity of 20/200 or worse at presentation compared with 4 @entity0 (33%) at the last follow-up after treatment. Five (55%) of these 9 @entity0 had final visual acuity that improved to 20/50 or better. The remaining four @entity0 did not have improvement or their vision continued to worsen. All 4 @entity0 had fluorescein angiographic evidence of >10 disk areas of capillary nonperfusion at presentation. Overall, 8 (67%) of 12 @entity0 had final visual acuity of 20/50 or better. No side effects related to @entity1 injection were observed. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that intravitreal tPA injection may have a beneficial role in the management of @entity3 when used within a few days of the onset of symptoms in @entity0 with no angiographic evidence of severe capillary nonperfusion even if initial visual acuity is 20/200 or worse.

title: Intravitreal @entity2 in the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: We compare laryngoscopy performance and overall intubation success in @entity1 airways when primary airway management alternated between emergency medicine and anesthesia residents on an every-other-day basis. METHODS: Data on all @entity1 intubations during approximately 3 years were prospectively collected. Primary airway management was assigned to @entity2 ( @entity2 ) residents on even days and anesthesia residents on odd days. Emergency medicine residents intubated @entity0 who arrived without notification or who needed immediate intubation before anesthesia arrived. The study was conducted in an inner-city, Level I @entity1 center with approximately 50,000 @entity2 @entity0 and 1,800 major @entity1 cases a year. Main outcomes were success or failure at laryngoscopy and the number of laryngoscopy attempts needed for intubation. RESULTS: Six hundred fifty-eight @entity1 @entity0 were intubated during the study period. Laryngoscopy was successful in 654 of 656 cases. Two (0.3%) @entity0 underwent cricothyrotomy after failed laryngoscopy, and 2 (0.3%) @entity0 had awake nasal intubation without laryngoscopy. The specific number of laryngoscopy attempts was unknown in 6 cases (3 from each service), resulting in 650 cases for laryngoscopy performance analysis. Overall, 87% of @entity0 were intubated on first attempt, and 3 or more attempts occurred in 2.9% of @entity0 . Laryngoscopy performance by service (broken down by 1, 2, and >or=3 attempts) was as follows: emergency medicine 86.4%, 11%, and 2.6% versus anesthesia 89.7%, 6.7%, and 3.6%. Analysis by service was done by using Wilcoxon Mann-Whitney testing (P=.225). CONCLUSION: There were no differences in laryngoscopy performance and intubation success in @entity1 airways managed on an every-other-day basis by emergency medicine versus anesthesia residents.

title: Alternating day emergency medicine and anesthesia resident responsibility for management of the XXXX airway: a study of laryngoscopy performance and intubation success.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This retrospective study was designed to appraise the surgical procedures for pT2 @entity3 . Twenty @entity0 with pT2 @entity3 underwent surgical resection. Hepatectomy of segments 4b and 5 was performed in 19 @entity0 , and an extended right hepatic lobectomy was performed in 1. The extrahepatic bile duct was preserved in 8 @entity0 in whom the disease was limited to the GB fundus and/or body. Regional lymphadenectomy was performed in 18 @entity0 . A separate radical second operation was performed in 8 @entity0 after cholecystectomy. Final pathological staging was stage IB in 15 @entity0 , IIB in 4, and IV in 1. Overall 5-year survival rate in those 20 @entity0 was 77% without operative deaths. The 5-year survival rate in 5 @entity0 with nodal @entity1 and in 8 @entity0 without extrahepatic biliary resection was 80% and 100%, respectively. A separate radical second operation in 8 @entity0 yielded 75% survival after 5 years. Perineural invasion as a prognostic determinant was closely associated with @entity2 extending to the neck or the cystic duct. Partial hepatectomy, usually with extrahepatic biliary resection and regional lymphadenectomy, was appropriate as a standard radical operation for pT2 @entity3 , but preservation of extrahepatic bile duct is advocated for disease limited to the GB fundus and/or body. Radical second operation enhanced the chance for cure in @entity0 with pT2 @entity3 .

title: Appraisal of surgical treatment for pT2 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Larval lampreys ( @entity3 ) exhibit a combination of cranial reflexes during their vibration-evoked @entity1 response, including strong contractions of the gill chamber, velum and oral hood. These reflexes were confirmed by applying brief vibratory stimuli to an otic capsule and recording movement and electromyograms in moving preparations and efferent cranial nerve activity in curarized preparations. Vibration elicited efferent discharge in cranial nerves V, IX and X on both sides. The responses were lost following labyrinthectomy. The larval @entity1 response results in water from the contracting gill chamber being expelled through the mouth and temporarily reduces head width. Reduced head width may facilitate the rapid withdrawal which is observed during @entity0 in burrowed larvae [S. Currie (1985) Neurosci. Abstr. 11, 268; S. Currie and R. C. Carlsen J. exp. Biol. (in Press)]. Adult lampreys (Entosphenus tridentata) attached to the wall of an aquarium by their suctorial disc, exhibited a brief but intense suction increase following a vibratory stimulus initiated by a tap to the aquarium wall. Oral suction (negative pressure) ranged from -0.6 to -10 cm @entity2 at rest and increased to values as high as -160 cm @entity2 during the vibration response. Suction intensity increased in direct proportion to the amplitude of the vibratory stimulus. Most of the suction response was lost following labyrinthectomy. Electromyographic recordings from the pharyngeal dilator m. basilaris and the lingual retractor m. cardioapicalis revealed stimulus-locked activity which preceded increased suction in adults, however, no vibration-evoked electromyogram responses were noted while recording from the gill chamber musculature or funnel. Stimulus-locked efferent activity was observed in the V-basilaris and V-apicalis branches of both trigeminal nerves following vibration of an otic capsule. Efferent vibration-evoked activity was lost in the trigeminal nerve after labyrinthectomy. No vibration-evoked activity was observed in nerves IX or X. Sudden vibration evoked dramatically different responses in larval and adult lampreys. Larvae contracted their gill chambers and expelled water from their mouths while adults exhibited a powerful suction reflex and no gill contraction. The trigeminal components of these behaviors (including velum and oral hood movement in larvae, pharynx and apicalis movement in adults) are difficult to compare. All of the larval trigeminal muscles degenerate during metamorphosis and are replaced by new adult muscles [M. W. Hardisty and C. M. Rovainen (1982) In The Biology of Lampreys, Vol. 4A. Academic Press, London].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Cranial components of XXXX in larval and adult lampreys.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The widespread use of intraarterial thrombolytic therapy has been based on perceived benefits over operative treatment and the downgrading of the magnitude of subsequent surgery. Thirty-three @entity0 who had thrombolysis for peripheral @entity3 were retrospectively analyzed at St. James's Hospital from 1991 to 1997. One @entity0 received streptokinase unsuccessfully. Five other @entity0 's records were inadequate for analysis. Twenty-seven @entity0 's notes were analyzed for risk, duration of @entity3 , duration of treatment, dosage of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and conduits thrombolysed. There were 15 males and 12 females. The mean age was 62 years (range, 20-87). Fourteen were current or reformed smokers. Five were @entity1 . Indications for treatment included acute graft @entity3 (n=13), @entity5 (n=6), and primary and secondary arterial @entity4 (n=8). Duration of @entity3 was less than 24 hours in seven, 1 to 7 days in ten, and more than 7 days in ten @entity0 . Twelve (44.44%) @entity0 had complete clot lysis, four (14.81%) had partial clearance, and 11 (40.74%) remained occluded. Eight (29.63%) had serious complications including one @entity2 . Eighteen (66.66%) @entity0 needed further surgical intervention to maintain graft patency. Data were analyzed using the chi-square and pooled t test. No significant difference was observed in results from thrombolysis from different conduits, gender, etiology, or smoking history. Increased duration of @entity6 administration was associated with an increased risk of failure. Administration of total dosages greater than 60 mg was associated with a higher risk of failure. @entity1 had a poor outcome (p=0.0520). Only 44 % of @entity0 successfully underwent lysis. A primary surgical option may be a more sensible course than lysis, given that the vast majority of @entity0 ended up having surgery anyway.

title: Low dose intraarterial thrombolysis with XXXX : does it deliver as promised?

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Endoscopically placed metallic biliary stents provide durable drainage for @entity1 . The best-studied metal stent is the Wallstent, which has a greater duration of patency than @entity5 stents. Recently, the Ultraflex Diamond stent has been introduced, with reports from Europe which suggest efficacy similar to that of the Wallstent. We report our experience with this new metal stent and compare it with a historical cohort of Wallstent-treated @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Between July 1997 and July 1998 all metal stents placed for @entity1 were @entity8 stents (10 mm diameter, 6 or 8 cm length). Prospective follow-up details with regard to @entity0 @entity2 or stent occlusion were obtained. In total, 32 @entity0 underwent stenting, but 11 @entity0 were excluded because of the following: @entity2 from pre-existing @entity3 (2); placement of bilateral hilar stents (2); placement of stent through occluded metal stents (3); failure to palliate @entity6 due to @entity7 (1); or inability to obtain follow-up (1), leaving 21 @entity0 for analysis. Occlusion rates and stent patency were also determined retrospectively for 19 @entity0 with @entity1 who had Wallstents (10 mm diameter, 6.8 cm length) placed during the preceding year and for whom accurate and complete follow-up details were available. RESULTS: In the Diamond stent group there were 14 @entity0 and seven @entity0 , mean age 73. In the Wallstent group there were 11 @entity0 and eight @entity0 , mean age 66. The types of @entity1 , level of stricture and percentage with prior @entity5 stenting were similar in both groups. @entity4 occurred in 9/21 (43%), Diamond stents at a mean of 74 +/- 43 days compared with 8/19 (42%) Wallstents at a mean of 178 +/- 138 days (P < 0.04). Mean time of stent patency was 110 +/- 89 days for Diamond stents and 253 +/- 218 days for Wallstents (P < 0.01). Analysis of occlusion-free survival using a Kaplan-Meier plot showed a trend favoring the Wallstent (P = 0.12; Wilcoxon test). CONCLUSIONS: The occlusion rate and patency of Diamond stents for @entity1 appear to be inferior to those of Wallstents and similar to reported values for @entity5 stents. Prospective randomized comparisons of Wallstents and newer self-expanding metal stents are warranted.

title: Effectiveness of the Ultraflex Diamond stent for the palliation of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The objective of the study was to assess both the possible complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity5 ) in @entity1 @entity0 and its effect on weight development. The medical records of 18 @entity0 with a median age of 2.5 years (range, 0.5-14.2 years) were reviewed. The diagnoses were @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity1 , and @entity4 . The indications for @entity5 were anticipated therapy-related nutritional problems and inadequate food intake, weight loss, swallowing problems in relation to paresis of the pharynx, and relapse of the disease. Ten @entity0 received a @entity5 at treatment start, and eight @entity0 received it at a median time of 3.4 months (range, 0.9-27.4 months) after treatment start. The median duration of having a @entity5 in place was 12.3 months (range, 1.2-24.0 months). At admission the median weight for age expressed as standard deviation (SD) was -0.11 (range, -2.78-2.68). There was a significant (p =.005) decrease in the median SD from admission until @entity5 installation. There was also a significant increase in the median SD from the start of @entity5 use until 1 (p =.04) and 2 (p =.039) months after start. The most common complications were @entity8 of @entity2 of the @entity5 site, which were successfully treated with topically or orally administered antibiotics, and @entity8 of @entity3 , which required intravenously administered antibiotics. Taking into consideration the medical condition of the @entity0 in the study group and the considerable length of time with a @entity5 in place, we believe that nutrition via @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity1 has several advantages and is rarely associated with other than minor complications.

title: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The objective of the study was to assess both the possible complications of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity5 ) in @entity1 @entity0 and its effect on weight development. The medical records of 18 @entity0 with a median age of 2.5 years (range, 0.5-14.2 years) were reviewed. The diagnoses were @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity1 , and @entity4 . The indications for @entity5 were anticipated therapy-related nutritional problems and inadequate food intake, weight loss, swallowing problems in relation to paresis of the pharynx, and relapse of the disease. Ten @entity0 received a @entity5 at treatment start, and eight @entity0 received it at a median time of 3.4 months (range, 0.9-27.4 months) after treatment start. The median duration of having a @entity5 in place was 12.3 months (range, 1.2-24.0 months). At admission the median weight for age expressed as standard deviation (SD) was -0.11 (range, -2.78-2.68). There was a significant (p =.005) decrease in the median SD from admission until @entity5 installation. There was also a significant increase in the median SD from the start of @entity5 use until 1 (p =.04) and 2 (p =.039) months after start. The most common complications were @entity8 of @entity2 of the @entity5 site, which were successfully treated with topically or orally administered antibiotics, and @entity8 of @entity3 , which required intravenously administered antibiotics. Taking into consideration the medical condition of the @entity0 in the study group and the considerable length of time with a @entity5 in place, we believe that nutrition via @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity1 has several advantages and is rarely associated with other than minor complications.

title: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Serotonergic single-unit activity during glucoregulatory challenges was studied in the nuclei raphe obscurus (NRO) and raphe pallidus (NRP) of freely moving @entity1 . Systemic @entity5 administration (2-4 IU/kg, i.v.) suppressed neuronal activity by approximately 40% in direct relationship to blood @entity0 levels and in inverse relationship to plasma @entity3 levels. NRO and NRP serotonergic neurons displayed a temporary recovery in unit activity in response to i.v. @entity0 administration (500 mg/kg), which temporarily reversed @entity5 -induced @entity4 . The neuronal responses to @entity5 and subsequent @entity0 administration were also directly related to changes in integrated nuchal electromyographic activity. Serotonergic unit activity remained unchanged after @entity0 loading (500 mg/kg, i.v.), which produced a four-fold increase in blood @entity0 . Thus, medullary serotonergic neurons appear to be sensitive to reductions, but not increases, in blood @entity0 . The observed inverse relationship between unit activity and plasma @entity2 does not support a postulated sympathoexcitatory role for these neurons. Instead, the parallel changes in single-unit activity and integrated muscle activity support the hypothesis that the activity of medullary serotonergic neurons is linked to motor output. These neurons may modulate autonomic outflow, but only in relationship to their primary role in motor control. Finally, medullary serotonergic neurons may play a protective role in maintaining @entity0 homeostasis by disfacilitating the output of the somatomotor system, and hence diminishing muscle energy demands, when peripheral @entity0 availability is low.

title: XXXX -induced @entity4 decreases single-unit activity of serotonergic medullary raphe neurons in freely moving @entity1 : relationship to sympathetic and motor output.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Serotonergic single-unit activity during glucoregulatory challenges was studied in the nuclei raphe obscurus (NRO) and raphe pallidus (NRP) of freely moving @entity1 . Systemic @entity5 administration (2-4 IU/kg, i.v.) suppressed neuronal activity by approximately 40% in direct relationship to blood @entity0 levels and in inverse relationship to plasma @entity3 levels. NRO and NRP serotonergic neurons displayed a temporary recovery in unit activity in response to i.v. @entity0 administration (500 mg/kg), which temporarily reversed @entity5 -induced @entity4 . The neuronal responses to @entity5 and subsequent @entity0 administration were also directly related to changes in integrated nuchal electromyographic activity. Serotonergic unit activity remained unchanged after @entity0 loading (500 mg/kg, i.v.), which produced a four-fold increase in blood @entity0 . Thus, medullary serotonergic neurons appear to be sensitive to reductions, but not increases, in blood @entity0 . The observed inverse relationship between unit activity and plasma @entity2 does not support a postulated sympathoexcitatory role for these neurons. Instead, the parallel changes in single-unit activity and integrated muscle activity support the hypothesis that the activity of medullary serotonergic neurons is linked to motor output. These neurons may modulate autonomic outflow, but only in relationship to their primary role in motor control. Finally, medullary serotonergic neurons may play a protective role in maintaining @entity0 homeostasis by disfacilitating the output of the somatomotor system, and hence diminishing muscle energy demands, when peripheral @entity0 availability is low.

title: @entity5 -induced XXXX decreases single-unit activity of serotonergic medullary raphe neurons in freely moving @entity1 : relationship to sympathetic and motor output.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Serotonergic single-unit activity during glucoregulatory challenges was studied in the nuclei raphe obscurus (NRO) and raphe pallidus (NRP) of freely moving @entity1 . Systemic @entity5 administration (2-4 IU/kg, i.v.) suppressed neuronal activity by approximately 40% in direct relationship to blood @entity0 levels and in inverse relationship to plasma @entity3 levels. NRO and NRP serotonergic neurons displayed a temporary recovery in unit activity in response to i.v. @entity0 administration (500 mg/kg), which temporarily reversed @entity5 -induced @entity4 . The neuronal responses to @entity5 and subsequent @entity0 administration were also directly related to changes in integrated nuchal electromyographic activity. Serotonergic unit activity remained unchanged after @entity0 loading (500 mg/kg, i.v.), which produced a four-fold increase in blood @entity0 . Thus, medullary serotonergic neurons appear to be sensitive to reductions, but not increases, in blood @entity0 . The observed inverse relationship between unit activity and plasma @entity2 does not support a postulated sympathoexcitatory role for these neurons. Instead, the parallel changes in single-unit activity and integrated muscle activity support the hypothesis that the activity of medullary serotonergic neurons is linked to motor output. These neurons may modulate autonomic outflow, but only in relationship to their primary role in motor control. Finally, medullary serotonergic neurons may play a protective role in maintaining @entity0 homeostasis by disfacilitating the output of the somatomotor system, and hence diminishing muscle energy demands, when peripheral @entity0 availability is low.

title: @entity5 -induced @entity4 decreases single-unit activity of serotonergic medullary raphe neurons in freely moving XXXX : relationship to sympathetic and motor output.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Highly differing rates of @entity4 associated with high-dose @entity7 (CY) have been reported, and only one clinical study has been performed on the @entity10 effects of CY monotherapy following @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the potential @entity10 effects of conditioning with fractionated @entity5 and high-dose @entity7 ( @entity5 /CY) by serial measurement of serum @entity11 ( @entity11 ), assessment of systolic and diastolic echocardiographic parameters and analysis of ventricular repolarisation indices ( @entity9 and @entity9 ) in 30 adult @entity0 with haematological @entity1 undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. RESULTS: There was no evidence of pretreatment @entity4 in any @entity0 . Although @entity11 was determined serially for a median of 14 d after completion of conditioning, no elevated levels were observed. Echocardiographic parameters did not show any significant change at a median follow-up of 5 months except for one @entity0 with evidence of @entity2 . No significant differences for mean values before and after high-dose CY were noted for ventricular repolarisation indices. Two @entity0 had a significant increase in @entity9 after CY without any other signs of @entity10 . @entity6 or @entity8 were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity5 /CY is safe with respect to @entity10 in @entity0 without pre-existing @entity4 . Hitherto unknown synergistic @entity10 effects of CY with other cytostatic drugs may constitute the major pathogenic factor of @entity3 after high-dose chemotherapy.

title: Monitoring of cardiac function by serum @entity11 levels, ventricular repolarisation indices, and echocardiography after conditioning with fractionated XXXX and high-dose @entity7 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Highly differing rates of @entity4 associated with high-dose @entity7 (CY) have been reported, and only one clinical study has been performed on the @entity10 effects of CY monotherapy following @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the potential @entity10 effects of conditioning with fractionated @entity5 and high-dose @entity7 ( @entity5 /CY) by serial measurement of serum @entity11 ( @entity11 ), assessment of systolic and diastolic echocardiographic parameters and analysis of ventricular repolarisation indices ( @entity9 and @entity9 ) in 30 adult @entity0 with haematological @entity1 undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. RESULTS: There was no evidence of pretreatment @entity4 in any @entity0 . Although @entity11 was determined serially for a median of 14 d after completion of conditioning, no elevated levels were observed. Echocardiographic parameters did not show any significant change at a median follow-up of 5 months except for one @entity0 with evidence of @entity2 . No significant differences for mean values before and after high-dose CY were noted for ventricular repolarisation indices. Two @entity0 had a significant increase in @entity9 after CY without any other signs of @entity10 . @entity6 or @entity8 were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity5 /CY is safe with respect to @entity10 in @entity0 without pre-existing @entity4 . Hitherto unknown synergistic @entity10 effects of CY with other cytostatic drugs may constitute the major pathogenic factor of @entity3 after high-dose chemotherapy.

title: Monitoring of cardiac function by serum XXXX levels, ventricular repolarisation indices, and echocardiography after conditioning with fractionated @entity5 and high-dose @entity7 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Highly differing rates of @entity4 associated with high-dose @entity7 (CY) have been reported, and only one clinical study has been performed on the @entity10 effects of CY monotherapy following @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: We prospectively evaluated the potential @entity10 effects of conditioning with fractionated @entity5 and high-dose @entity7 ( @entity5 /CY) by serial measurement of serum @entity11 ( @entity11 ), assessment of systolic and diastolic echocardiographic parameters and analysis of ventricular repolarisation indices ( @entity9 and @entity9 ) in 30 adult @entity0 with haematological @entity1 undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. RESULTS: There was no evidence of pretreatment @entity4 in any @entity0 . Although @entity11 was determined serially for a median of 14 d after completion of conditioning, no elevated levels were observed. Echocardiographic parameters did not show any significant change at a median follow-up of 5 months except for one @entity0 with evidence of @entity2 . No significant differences for mean values before and after high-dose CY were noted for ventricular repolarisation indices. Two @entity0 had a significant increase in @entity9 after CY without any other signs of @entity10 . @entity6 or @entity8 were not observed. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity5 /CY is safe with respect to @entity10 in @entity0 without pre-existing @entity4 . Hitherto unknown synergistic @entity10 effects of CY with other cytostatic drugs may constitute the major pathogenic factor of @entity3 after high-dose chemotherapy.

title: Monitoring of cardiac function by serum @entity11 levels, ventricular repolarisation indices, and echocardiography after conditioning with fractionated @entity5 and high-dose XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The secondary and tertiary structures of @entity3 oocyte and somatic 5S rRNAs were investigated using chemical and enzymatic probes. The accessibility of both RNAs towards single-strand specific nucleases (T1, T2, A and S1) and a helix-specific ribonuclease from cobra venom (RNase V1) was determined. The reactivity of nucleobase N7, N3 and N1 positions towards chemical probes was investigated under native (5 mM @entity6 , 100 mM @entity4 , 20 degrees C) and semi-denaturing (1 mM @entity1 , 20 degrees C) conditions. Ethylnitrosourea was used to identify @entity5 not reactive towards alkylation under native conditions. The results obtained confirm the presence of the five helical stems predicted by the consensus secondary structure model of 5S rRNA. The chemical reactivity data indicate that loops C and D are involved in a number of tertiary interactions, and loop E folds into an unusual secondary structure. A comparison of the data obtained for the two types of @entity3 5S rRNA indicates that the conformations of the oocyte and somatic 5S rRNAs are very similar. However, the data obtained with nucleases under native conditions, and chemical probes under semi-denaturing conditions, reveal that helices III and IV in the somatic 5S rRNA are less stable than the same structures in oocyte 5S rRNA. Using chimeric 5S rRNAs, it was possible to demonstrate that the relative resistance of oocyte 5S rRNA to partial denaturation in 4 M @entity2 is conferred by the five oocyte-specific @entity0 substitutions in loop B/helix III. In contrast, the superior stability of oocyte 5S rRNA in the presence of @entity1 is related to a single C substitution at position 79.

title: A comparison of the solution structures and conformational properties of the somatic and oocyte 5S rRNAs of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The Southwest Oncology Group performed a study for @entity0 with extensive @entity2 in which two hypotheses were tested: that combined alkylating agents for induction might improve the initial response rate; and that multiple-site, involved-field consolidation with irradiation in @entity0 with response to chemotherapy might further improve response quality and duration. A regimen of combined alkylating agents plus @entity6 [ @entity8 , @entity10 , @entity6 , and @entity4 (BTOC)] was compared to our standard program of @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity6 ( @entity9 ). @entity0 with bone marrow @entity1 and/or disseminated bone @entity1 were randomized to BTOC or @entity9 as initial induction therapy, but received no multiple-field irradiation afterward. Among 189 such @entity0 , the overall response rates were similar (48% to BTOC and 61% to @entity9 , with complete remission in 5% and 15%, respectively). Toxic effects were also comparative, with 23% sustaining life-threatening or fatal complications on BTOC and 16% on @entity9 . Median survival (5.9 and 7 months for BTOC and @entity9 , respectively) and overall survival were not different, and are superimposable upon our previously reported results with @entity9 alone. For @entity0 with no evidence of bone marrow involvement and no @entity1 identified beyond the confines of ipsilateral hemithorax, liver, and brain, the plan of therapy consisted of induction chemotherapy (BTOC or @entity9 ) every 3 weeks for three cycles, followed by multiple-field irradiation consolidation to sites of prior involvement. Among 239 such @entity0 , response rates to therapy initiated with BTOC and @entity9 were also similar: 54% for BTOC and 62% for @entity9 , with complete response in 16% and 13%, respectively. However, the program of BTOC followed by multiple-site irradiation was associated with a higher incidence of severe or life-threatening @entity5 (23% versus 8% for @entity9 ), accounted for almost entirely by @entity0 receiving hepatic irradiation after chemotherapy, among whom the incidence of this complication (grade 3 or 4) was 76% and 14%, respectively. Other toxic effects, including @entity7 , were comparable. With the exception of @entity5 in the cited subgroup, multiple-field irradiation consolidation proved feasible and tolerable, with improved quality of response evident after its initiation in 24% of 135 @entity0 . However, a similar proportion developed disease progression during or shortly after radiation therapy, and the median survival of @entity0 who received irradiation was only 9 months (7 months from the start of consolidation).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Combined alkylators and multiple-site irradiation for extensive XXXX : a Southwest Oncology Group Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 includes several specific subtypes which have differing prognostic implications. The two most common subtypes are @entity4 , not otherwise specified (NOS), and adenoacanthoma. Also included in the @entity4 are @entity3 and @entity3 which have the same natural history as do @entity4 without these features. Fortunately, the above types have the best prognosis and constitute approximately 80% of all @entity5 . They also present the major diagnostic problem for the pathologist in distinguishing @entity7 and some of the metaplasias from well-differentiated @entity3 . The tendency would appear to be the over-interpretation of these @entity2 . Other subtypes have a much less favorable outlook. They include @entity8 , @entity9 , @entity6 and @entity6 . There are two distinct types of @entity8 , the papillary clear cell and the @entity6 . These can readily be separated, and should be, on the basis of prognostic implications. Other pathologic parameters play a significant role in @entity0 management and in the estimation of prognosis. These include postsurgical pathological staging, measurement of depth of myometrial invasion, lymphatic and blood-vascular invasion, serosal involvement, local spread and, perhaps most importantly, @entity1 grade. Nuclear grading proved to be a better predictor of treatment outcome than did either the FIGO or WHO grading systems. This was especially true in @entity4 , adenoacanthoma and @entity8 .

title: The significance of the pathologic findings in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Acute @entity4 usually subsides spontaneously or is complicated by pseudocysts, @entity2 , or abscesses. We describe an uncommon variant of acute @entity4 in which signs of @entity1 persist over a number of months, waxing and waning but never disappearing. Neither identifiable collections nor other targets for surgical drainage develop in these @entity0 , nor does their condition ever remit enough to allow them to leave the hospital. Eating provokes a flareup of @entity1 . We have treated five such @entity0 with a pancreatoduodenectomy (four @entity0 ) or total pancreatectomy (one @entity0 ). Each @entity0 had been continuously hospitalized for six to 12 weeks before operation. All survived the operation and left the hospital eating solid food within 16 days. In addition to acute @entity1 and fat @entity2 , the resected specimens showed main @entity4 or occlusion in three @entity0 , a pancreaticoduodenal @entity3 in one, and a congenital duplication cyst. Pancreatography or cholangiography showed the lesion in three of four cases and helped in planning therapy. Thus, acute @entity4 may fall to remit because of proximal @entity4 , for which pancreatoduodenectomy is a reasonable and effective treatment.

title: Persistent acute XXXX . A variant treated by pancreatoduodenectomy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The spontaneous mutation rate of immunoglobulin genes expressed in @entity0 cells is well above that of other genes expressed in these or in other cell types. The nature of such mutations in one @entity0 cell line, MPC11, was explored at the molecular level. Included in this study were MPC11 variants representing 24 independent and spontaneous mutations affecting immunoglobulin secretion. Of the mutants studied, 19 had ceased @entity2 ( @entity2 ) production (nonproducers), and 5 produced from as little as 1/1,000 to as much as 1/10 the amount of immunoglobulin produced by MPC11 (low producers). Only one of the MPC11 mutants (a nonproducer) showed no evidence of DNA rearrangement in or near the expressed @entity2 gene. The formerly expressed @entity1 gene had been deleted in 18 of the 19 nonproducers. All of the low producers had undergone DNA rearrangement in or near the expressed @entity2 gene, and three of them produced immunoglobulin of a new heavy chain class. The cause for reduced heavy-chain synthesis in the low producers is not yet known. However, in several of these mutants, the defect appeared to be posttranscriptional. In these cell lines, steady-state @entity2 mRNA levels were much lower than in the parent cell line, while the heavy-chain gene transcription rate remained unchanged.

title: DNA rearrangement causes a high rate of spontaneous mutation at the immunoglobulin heavy-chain locus of a mouse XXXX cell line.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The occurrence of @entity1 is increasing throughout the world, both in industrialised nations and in developing countries. While this disease is not a leading cause of @entity3 in developing country populations, it must nevertheless be considered for its social and economic impact. This study examines the clinical and epidemiological situation of @entity1 in the city of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo, as based on data from two city hospitals: Saint Joseph's Hospital (SJH) and the Centre Hospitalier Monkole (CHM), two urban health facilities typical of those developing countries. The results show that @entity1 is a real public health problem in Congo. Average blood @entity4 levels were above 300 mg/dl in 44.4% of @entity0 at SJH and 41.5% at CHM, and @entity2 (> or = 140/90 mmHg) was reported in 35.8% of @entity0 at SJH and 20% at CHM. The management of @entity1 and, in particular, its complications is suffering because of some cultural influences but mainly economic ones. In fact, incidence of disease complications is closely linked to the financial status of @entity0 and facilities. SJH, which serves mainly the low-income community, has a greater incidence of severe @entity1 -associated complications than CHM, which treats @entity0 with a higher mean income level. SJH hospitalised @entity0 had a 24.7% incidence of @entity1 foot with 3 amputations as compared to only a 10% incidence and no amputations for CHM hospitalised @entity0 . At SJH, 17.3% of @entity0 died during the study, while at CHM none died. Overall, differences in the prevalence of complications between SJH and CHM @entity0 were found not to be significant. For the large majority of Congo population, education on @entity1 is not available, and due to the failure of the national health system, access to treatment is impossible. Furthermore, because most @entity1 @entity0 in Congo go untreated, the mortality rate for the disease is high. Congo would greatly benefit from a national @entity1 program in order to give all @entity1 @entity0 in Congo access to good and consistent medical care.

title: A hospital survey of the clinical features of XXXX in Congo.

answer: @entity1


abstract: For more than 50 years @entity4 bone cements have been used in orthopaedic surgery. In this study attempts were made to show whether cultured @entity0 bone marrow cells (HBMC) show an osteogenetic response resulting in new bone formation, production of extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell differentiation when they were cultured onto polymerized @entity4 ( @entity4 )- @entity3 (HA), conventional @entity4 bone cement being taken as reference. Biocompatibility parameters were collagen-I and -II synthesis, the detection of the osteoblast markers @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and osteocalcin, the number of adherent cells and the cytodifferentiation of immunocompetent cells. Cement surface structure, HA stability in culture medium and chemical element analysis of specimens were considered. Fresh marrow cells were obtained from the @entity0 femora during hip replacement. Incubation time was up to ten weeks. We used atomic forced microscopy (AFM) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) for cement specimen analysis. Fluorescent activated cell sorter (FACS), immunohistochemical staining. @entity5 and light microscopy (LM) served us to judge the cellular morphology. Products of the extracellular matrix were analyzed by protein dot blot analysis, @entity5 energy dispersive X-ray analysis ( @entity5 -EDX) and @entity1 / @entity6 - detection. HA particles increased the osteogenetic potential of @entity4 bone cement regarding the cellular production of collagen, @entity2 (AP), the number of osteoblasts and the cellular differentiation pattern in vitro. Both tested cements showed good biocompatibility in a @entity0 long-term bone marrow cell-culture system.

title: Comprehensive biocompatibility testing of a new XXXX -hA bone cement versus conventional @entity4 cement in vitro.

answer: @entity4


abstract: For more than 50 years @entity4 bone cements have been used in orthopaedic surgery. In this study attempts were made to show whether cultured @entity0 bone marrow cells (HBMC) show an osteogenetic response resulting in new bone formation, production of extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell differentiation when they were cultured onto polymerized @entity4 ( @entity4 )- @entity3 (HA), conventional @entity4 bone cement being taken as reference. Biocompatibility parameters were collagen-I and -II synthesis, the detection of the osteoblast markers @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and osteocalcin, the number of adherent cells and the cytodifferentiation of immunocompetent cells. Cement surface structure, HA stability in culture medium and chemical element analysis of specimens were considered. Fresh marrow cells were obtained from the @entity0 femora during hip replacement. Incubation time was up to ten weeks. We used atomic forced microscopy (AFM) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) for cement specimen analysis. Fluorescent activated cell sorter (FACS), immunohistochemical staining. @entity5 and light microscopy (LM) served us to judge the cellular morphology. Products of the extracellular matrix were analyzed by protein dot blot analysis, @entity5 energy dispersive X-ray analysis ( @entity5 -EDX) and @entity1 / @entity6 - detection. HA particles increased the osteogenetic potential of @entity4 bone cement regarding the cellular production of collagen, @entity2 (AP), the number of osteoblasts and the cellular differentiation pattern in vitro. Both tested cements showed good biocompatibility in a @entity0 long-term bone marrow cell-culture system.

title: Comprehensive biocompatibility testing of a new @entity4 -hA bone cement versus conventional XXXX cement in vitro.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The in situ DNA hybridization technique, carried out under stringent conditions, was used to detect @entity3 ) DNA of types 6, 11, and 16 in paraffin sections of 32 surgically treated @entity7 . Expression of HPV structural proteins was analyzed by means of the immunoperoxidase (IP-PAP) method. A total of 10 (31.3%) of the 32 lesions proved to express HPV antigens, which were found in 4 of 7 @entity4 , in 2 of 2 classic @entity8 , in 2 of 10 @entity5 , and in 2 of 3 @entity1 . Two of the @entity4 contained HPV 6 DNA, and 4 additional lesions were positive for HPV 11 DNA. In one of the @entity8 , a double infection by HPV 6 and 11 was found, while the second was positive for HPV 11 alone. Both the HPV antigen-positive @entity5 contained HPV 6 DNA, as did the HPV antigen-positive @entity1 . Of the latter, one was infected by HPV 6 and 11. DNA of the "high-risk" @entity6 was contained in two lesions: one @entity1 and one of the two @entity2 . The results confirm the previously reported evidence of HPV involvement in @entity7 . The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the well-established premalignant @entity9 and @entity10 , with special emphasis on the discovery of the "high-risk" @entity6 in the latter as well as in @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Detection of XXXX DNA in @entity7 using in situ DNA-hybridization applied on paraffin sections.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The in situ DNA hybridization technique, carried out under stringent conditions, was used to detect @entity3 ) DNA of types 6, 11, and 16 in paraffin sections of 32 surgically treated @entity7 . Expression of HPV structural proteins was analyzed by means of the immunoperoxidase (IP-PAP) method. A total of 10 (31.3%) of the 32 lesions proved to express HPV antigens, which were found in 4 of 7 @entity4 , in 2 of 2 classic @entity8 , in 2 of 10 @entity5 , and in 2 of 3 @entity1 . Two of the @entity4 contained HPV 6 DNA, and 4 additional lesions were positive for HPV 11 DNA. In one of the @entity8 , a double infection by HPV 6 and 11 was found, while the second was positive for HPV 11 alone. Both the HPV antigen-positive @entity5 contained HPV 6 DNA, as did the HPV antigen-positive @entity1 . Of the latter, one was infected by HPV 6 and 11. DNA of the "high-risk" @entity6 was contained in two lesions: one @entity1 and one of the two @entity2 . The results confirm the previously reported evidence of HPV involvement in @entity7 . The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of the well-established premalignant @entity9 and @entity10 , with special emphasis on the discovery of the "high-risk" @entity6 in the latter as well as in @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Detection of @entity3 DNA in XXXX using in situ DNA-hybridization applied on paraffin sections.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Three non-RGD-containing disintegrins, VLO5, EO5, and EC3, belong to the heterodimeric family of these snake venom-derived proteins. They are potent inhibitors of certain leukocyte integrins such as alpha4beta1, alpha4beta7, and alpha9beta1, and act through the @entity3 motif present in one of their subunits. However, the selectivity of these disintegrins to interact with integrins is related to the @entity2 composition of the integrin-binding loop in the @entity3 -containing subunit. The most important @entity2 is that preceding the @entity3 motif. In vitro experiments in adhesion and ELISA assays revealed that the @entity4 -containing disintegrins, VLO5 and EO5, appeared to be very potent inhibitors of @entity0 alpha4beta1 and alpha9beta1 and less effective in inhibition of the alpha4beta7 integrin. The reverse effect was observed for the AMLD-containing disintegrin, EC3. The data with native disintegrins were confirmed by experiments with synthetic peptides displaying @entity4 and AMLD motifs. The @entity3 -containing disintegrins showed differential activities to inhibit @entity0 and @entity1 alpha4beta1 integrin. EC3 was a weaker inhibitor of @entity0 integrin, whereas VLO5 and EO5 less actively inhibited @entity1 alpha4beta1. These data describe a useful set of potent and selective integrin antagonists and suggest conformational requirements of @entity0 and @entity1 integrins for interaction with ligands.

title: Structural requirements of XXXX -containing disintegrins for functional interaction with alpha 4 beta 1 and alpha 9 beta1 integrins.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity6 is frequently followed by a subjective postconcussion syndrome. Brain-stem auditory evoked responses (BAER's) were found to be pathological in different small series of @entity0 with a postconcussion syndrome who were examined months after sustaining a slight cranial or cervical @entity2 ; abnormal BAER's have also been reported in larger groups of @entity0 examined early after @entity6 . A relationship between these findings and late subjective symptoms has never been demonstrated. The results of a prospective study into the value of BAER's in the prognosis of a postconcussion syndrome after @entity6 are presented. In 103 @entity0 with @entity6 , BAER's were recorded within 48 hours of the @entity2 . One year later, the @entity0 were examined for @entity1 , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity4 , subjective @entity8 and concentration, and @entity3 . Eighty percent claimed at least one symptom, most often @entity3 (54%), @entity8 (47%), or @entity5 (39%). Pathological BAER's were found with the same prevalence in @entity0 with and without a postconcussion syndrome. This study confirms the disturbance of brain-stem function in some head-injured @entity0 . However, the lack of correlation with a postconcussion syndrome limits the prognostic value of BAER recordings for postconcussion syndrome. The data suggest that BAER's not be used for medicolegal evaluation of @entity0 with a postconcussion syndrome.

title: Prognostic value of auditory brain-stem responses for late postconcussion symptoms following XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity3 has been known for a long time to be a common infection in young adults. It also infects @entity0 . In particular, @entity0 under the age of 2 years may not express the illness clinically. Diagnostic criteria vary but in young adults usually include the symptoms of @entity1 , @entity4 , and cervical @entity2 . Usually, there is a relative and @entity5 , with 10 to 20 per cent or greater atypical lymphocytes. Rapid slide tests are accurate and economical and support the diagnosis when positive. False-positive results are known to occur with several other important disease processes; therefore, the clinical presentation and laboratory results must be interpreted in their appropriate context. Quality control is essential even for the rapid slide tests, and experienced examiners are required to review blood smears. The morphology of atypical lymphocytes varies greatly. In addition, morphology interpretation can be hampered by problems in preparation of slides or the holding of blood samples awaiting slide preparation. EBV-specific serodiagnosis has significantly enhanced our ability to study further and differentiate heterophil-negative syndromes that share clinical features with @entity3 . Acute, past, chronic, and no EBV infection can now be differentiated. Further diagnostic tests for other etiologic agents are necessary when all EBV tests are negative and the clinical situation requires appropriate diagnosis.

title: The diagnosis of XXXX in the office laboratory.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2 is rare in the United States and common in southern China. Evaluating American @entity0 treated using a uniform technique and staged with CT scanning, we determined whether Chinese and non-Chinese @entity0 differ in presentation and outcome. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1979 and 1996, 172 @entity0 treated at Massachusetts General Hospital received primary radiotherapy with curative intent for @entity2 . Forty-one @entity0 (24%) were of Chinese descent, and 41% of @entity1 were classified as having lymphoepithelioma histologic features. Most @entity0 received twice-daily radiotherapy and a brachytherapy boost, receiving a median dose of 72 Gy to the nasopharynx. RESULTS: At the initial presentation, the Chinese @entity0 were significantly younger, less likely to smoke, more likely to have Stage IV disease, and more likely to have @entity1 with lymphoepithelioma histologic features. After controlling for stage, age, histologic type, and treatment variables, Chinese @entity0 were significantly more likely to develop distant metastases (p <0.05). Although Chinese race does not predict for local control or overall survival, a younger age, continued @entity3 use, total radiation dose, and lymphoepithelioma histologic features do. CONCLUSION: In a large retrospective analysis of @entity2 , Chinese and non-Chinese @entity0 differed significantly in presentation-age, stage, and histologic features-and outcome. We suggest as an explanation differences in intrinsic @entity1 biology rather than differences in treatment techniques or staging systems. Additional trials in endemic countries are needed to confirm the optimal treatment of Chinese and Chinese-American @entity0 .

title: Prognostic value of Chinese race in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Previous studies have shown that secretion of @entity4 in cultured adult @entity0 type II pneumocytes is stimulated by purinoceptor agonists and @entity8 . The objective of the present study was to determine if such agents have a physiological role in the regulation of surfactant secretion. We chose the newborn @entity1 as the experimental model, since in this system there is a marked increase in surfactant secretion immediately after birth. We examined the effects of an inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis, @entity5 , two leukotriene antagonists, @entity3 and @entity11 , and a P1 purinoceptor antagonist, @entity10 , on this increase. Newborn @entity1 were delivered by Cesarean section at 30 days gestation. Some animals in each litter were killed immediately, while others were injected with test agents or solvent vehicle while still in the amniotic sacs. After breathing for 3 h in an incubator, these animals were also killed. The lungs were lavaged with saline and the phospholipid content and composition of the lung lavage liquid was measured. In control animals, there was a greater than 2-fold increase in the amounts of total @entity9 and @entity4 and in the @entity4 / @entity6 ratio during the 3 h period of breathing. The increases in total phospholipid and @entity4 were decreased 38-62% by the antagonists, while the increase in the @entity4 / @entity6 ratio was decreased 61-77%. These data show that the ventilation-induced increase in secretion of lung surfactant in the newborn @entity1 is inhibited by @entity7 and P1 receptor antagonists and by an inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis and, when taken together with the data from the tissue culture system, support a role for @entity8 and @entity2 in the physiological regulation of surfactant secretion.

title: @entity2 and XXXX have a regulatory role in lung surfactant secretion in the newborn @entity1 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Previous studies have shown that secretion of @entity4 in cultured adult @entity0 type II pneumocytes is stimulated by purinoceptor agonists and @entity8 . The objective of the present study was to determine if such agents have a physiological role in the regulation of surfactant secretion. We chose the newborn @entity1 as the experimental model, since in this system there is a marked increase in surfactant secretion immediately after birth. We examined the effects of an inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis, @entity5 , two leukotriene antagonists, @entity3 and @entity11 , and a P1 purinoceptor antagonist, @entity10 , on this increase. Newborn @entity1 were delivered by Cesarean section at 30 days gestation. Some animals in each litter were killed immediately, while others were injected with test agents or solvent vehicle while still in the amniotic sacs. After breathing for 3 h in an incubator, these animals were also killed. The lungs were lavaged with saline and the phospholipid content and composition of the lung lavage liquid was measured. In control animals, there was a greater than 2-fold increase in the amounts of total @entity9 and @entity4 and in the @entity4 / @entity6 ratio during the 3 h period of breathing. The increases in total phospholipid and @entity4 were decreased 38-62% by the antagonists, while the increase in the @entity4 / @entity6 ratio was decreased 61-77%. These data show that the ventilation-induced increase in secretion of lung surfactant in the newborn @entity1 is inhibited by @entity7 and P1 receptor antagonists and by an inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis and, when taken together with the data from the tissue culture system, support a role for @entity8 and @entity2 in the physiological regulation of surfactant secretion.

title: @entity2 and @entity8 have a regulatory role in lung surfactant secretion in the newborn XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Previous studies have shown that secretion of @entity4 in cultured adult @entity0 type II pneumocytes is stimulated by purinoceptor agonists and @entity8 . The objective of the present study was to determine if such agents have a physiological role in the regulation of surfactant secretion. We chose the newborn @entity1 as the experimental model, since in this system there is a marked increase in surfactant secretion immediately after birth. We examined the effects of an inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis, @entity5 , two leukotriene antagonists, @entity3 and @entity11 , and a P1 purinoceptor antagonist, @entity10 , on this increase. Newborn @entity1 were delivered by Cesarean section at 30 days gestation. Some animals in each litter were killed immediately, while others were injected with test agents or solvent vehicle while still in the amniotic sacs. After breathing for 3 h in an incubator, these animals were also killed. The lungs were lavaged with saline and the phospholipid content and composition of the lung lavage liquid was measured. In control animals, there was a greater than 2-fold increase in the amounts of total @entity9 and @entity4 and in the @entity4 / @entity6 ratio during the 3 h period of breathing. The increases in total phospholipid and @entity4 were decreased 38-62% by the antagonists, while the increase in the @entity4 / @entity6 ratio was decreased 61-77%. These data show that the ventilation-induced increase in secretion of lung surfactant in the newborn @entity1 is inhibited by @entity7 and P1 receptor antagonists and by an inhibitor of leukotriene biosynthesis and, when taken together with the data from the tissue culture system, support a role for @entity8 and @entity2 in the physiological regulation of surfactant secretion.

title: XXXX and @entity8 have a regulatory role in lung surfactant secretion in the newborn @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Seventy @entity0 (3.7 +/- 3.3 y) with definitely confirmed diagnosis of @entity4 had 115 whole body scans carried out 24 h after injection of 3.7 MBq/kg of I-123 mIBG (83 scans) or 0.7 MBq/kg of I-131 mIBG (17 scans) or 0.9 to 4.5 GBq of I-131 mIBG (15 post-therapeutic scans). The scans were interpreted as positive in the presence of any non-physiological uptake area or of any bone uptake of the tracer, even at the level of the metaphyseal complex. For the primary @entity2 , the sensitivity of mIBG scans was 73%. Ten false negative @entity0 had an overlap of the @entity2 with the bladder or heart images (4 cases) or with positive metastatic images (6 cases: liver, spine). Three false negative @entity0 had @entity4 which did not secrete @entity5 . The specificity of mIBG was 94%. In our opinion, mIBG scans have a complementary role to assess the activity of post-therapeutic remnants. For the detection of hepatic and lymph node @entity1 , the sensitivity was about 50% and the specificity was 100%. The standard used for the detection of bone marrow @entity1 was the cytological and histological examination of 10 @entity3 and one or more biopsies (CHBMS). The sensitivity of mIBG scans was 90% and the specificity 68%. However, reviewing the data from the 16 false positive scans, we found 11 definitely proven bone @entity1 , 3 biological relapses and 2 cases of delayed abnormal CHBMS supporting the positivity of the mIBG scans, raising the specificity to 100%. Tc-99m diphosphonate bone scans had a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 51%. We suggest that positive mIBG scans may save other procedures since our data do not support false positive detection of bone or bone marrow @entity1 . In contrast, @entity0 with negative mIBG findings should be further explored.

title: [Sensitivity and specificity of meta-iodobenzylguanidine (mIBG) scintigraphy in the evaluation of XXXX : analysis of 115 cases].

answer: @entity4


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of oropharyngeal and cutaneous commensal microorganisms (OCCs) as a cause of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of the medical and microbiological records. SETTING: One medical-surgical ICU. @entity0 : All @entity2 episodes recorded during a 10-year period were reviewed. All @entity0 with suspected @entity2 underwent bronchoscopy with protected-specimen brush (PSB) sampling and BAL before any change in antibiotic therapy was made. OCC- @entity2 was defined as @entity2 with significant growth in quantitative cultures (PSB yielded > or = 10(3) cfu/mL and/or BAL yielded > or = 10(4) cfu/mL) of OCCs only. Three experts reviewed the episodes. Exposed @entity0 (ie, those with OCC- @entity2 ) and unexposed @entity0 (ie, @entity0 without @entity2 ) matched on condition severity at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation duration were compared. RESULTS: Twenty-nine episodes in 28 @entity0 with > or = 10(4) cfu/mL OCCs in BAL fluid and/or > or = 10(3) cfu/mL OCCs in PSB specimens were found. All @entity0 in these episodes had new radiologic lung infiltrates, with 26 episodes involving purulent tracheal aspirates, 23 episodes involving temperatures > or = 38.5 degrees C, and 18 episodes involving > or = 11,000 leukocytes/ microL. The main OCCs found were non-beta-hemolytic Streptococcus spp (n = 12), Neisseria spp (n = 7), and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp (n = 6). Other possible reasons for fever and the presence of new chest infiltrates were found in 20 and 17 @entity0 , respectively. Histologic evidence of @entity1 was found in 2 of the 10 @entity0 who died. The three experts agreed on the diagnosis for 23 @entity0 . In the OCC- @entity2 group only, the mean (+/- SD) logistic organ dysfunction (LOD) scores increased significantly (LOD score, 2 +/- 4; p = 0.008) during the 3 days before bronchoscopy, and ICU stay duration was longer than in the unexposed group. The exposed/unexposed study found no difference in mortality. CONCLUSION: OCCs may behave like classic nosocomial pathogens in critically ill @entity0 .

title: The significance of distal bronchial samples with commensals in XXXX : colonizer or pathogen?

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objectives of the study were to describe a novel presentation of @entity1 and to review the course of the respiratory component and the treatment and management of the disease. A case report is presented with a review of a 25-year experience at Mayo Clinic. We describe the case of a 65-year-old @entity0 who presented with persistent @entity10 , @entity2 , and @entity8 of 3 days duration that was caused by @entity1 from inadequate secondary immunity. She required intubation for progressive trismus and @entity9 -associated @entity3 . Infusion of @entity6 did not control her @entity4 . Refractory @entity4 and @entity10 resolved with @entity7 and @entity5 therapy. After 3 weeks, the @entity0 was weaned from the ventilator with complete recovery. In the past 25 years, nine additional @entity0 have presented to Mayo Clinic with acute @entity1 . @entity3 requiring intubation developed in seven @entity0 , and six of the seven intubated @entity0 survived with minimal deficits. The prognosis of @entity1 is favorable if it is diagnosed promptly and if treatment and supportive measures are begun. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a @entity0 with acute @entity1 presenting with @entity10 . This report also confirms the results of previous studies that suggested a need for improved immunity in the elderly population.

title: @entity3 in XXXX : case report and review of a 25-year experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The objectives of the study were to describe a novel presentation of @entity1 and to review the course of the respiratory component and the treatment and management of the disease. A case report is presented with a review of a 25-year experience at Mayo Clinic. We describe the case of a 65-year-old @entity0 who presented with persistent @entity10 , @entity2 , and @entity8 of 3 days duration that was caused by @entity1 from inadequate secondary immunity. She required intubation for progressive trismus and @entity9 -associated @entity3 . Infusion of @entity6 did not control her @entity4 . Refractory @entity4 and @entity10 resolved with @entity7 and @entity5 therapy. After 3 weeks, the @entity0 was weaned from the ventilator with complete recovery. In the past 25 years, nine additional @entity0 have presented to Mayo Clinic with acute @entity1 . @entity3 requiring intubation developed in seven @entity0 , and six of the seven intubated @entity0 survived with minimal deficits. The prognosis of @entity1 is favorable if it is diagnosed promptly and if treatment and supportive measures are begun. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a @entity0 with acute @entity1 presenting with @entity10 . This report also confirms the results of previous studies that suggested a need for improved immunity in the elderly population.

title: XXXX in @entity1 : case report and review of a 25-year experience.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of and contributing factors for chronic arm morbidity including @entity3 in @entity0 @entity1 after treatment and to assess the impact of arm morbidity on quality of life (QOL). @entity1 AND METHODS: A four-question screening questionnaire was developed and mailed to a random sample of 744 @entity0 @entity1 treated curatively in two @entity2 centers from 1993 to 1997. @entity1 were without recurrence and at least 2 years from diagnosis. Respondents were classified as with or without arm-related symptoms on the basis of the survey. Stratified random samples from each group were then invited for a detailed assessment of their symptoms and signs, including the presence of @entity3 . Their QOL was assessed by the European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity2 QOL Questionnaire C-30 and by a detailed arm problem questionnaire that assessed various aspects of daily arm functioning. RESULTS: Approximately half of all screened @entity1 were symptomatic and 12.5% of all assessed @entity1 had @entity3 . @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and axillary radiotherapy (RT) after dissection were statistically significantly related to the occurrence of arm symptoms (odds ratio for @entity4 = 3.3, P <.001; odds ratio for RT = 3.1, P <.001). Symptomatic @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity3 both had impaired QOL compared with asymptomatic @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Treatment for @entity0 is associated with considerable arm morbidity, which has a negative impact on QOL. Arm morbidity should be carefully monitored in future studies involving local treatment modalities for @entity0 .

title: Chronic arm morbidity after curative XXXX treatment: prevalence and impact on quality of life.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bacterial translocation (BT) may represent an important cause of septic morbidity in @entity0 with acute @entity3 . We have previously demonstrated an association between BT, septic morbidity and colonisation of the proximal GI tract. Alterations in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) may also predispose to BT. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of @entity2 , measure @entity4 in @entity0 with acute @entity3 and relate these to both disease severity and septic complications. METHODS: Gastric colonisation was determined by culturing a sample of nasogastric aspirate, and @entity4 was measured using a dual sugar probe technique ( @entity5 / @entity6 test). Disease severity was assessed according to the modified Glasgow (Imrie) criteria. All septic complications were recorded prospectively. RESULTS: A total of 59 @entity0 were studied (M:F ratio 32:27, median age 66 years, range 18-89), 24 (31%) of whom had severe disease. A nasogastric aspirate was obtained in 56 @entity0 . There was a significantly higher incidence of colonisation with potentially pathogenic enteric bacteria in @entity0 with severe disease compared to those with mild disease (57 vs. 6%, p < 0.001). Septic morbidity occurred in 29% of severe @entity0 and 11% mild @entity0 (p = 0.17). 33% of @entity0 colonised with enteric organisms developed @entity1 , compared to 16% with no enteric bacteria in the NG aspirate (p = 0.34). Enteric bacteria caused 77% of the septic complications. Intestinal permeability was neither associated with disease severity nor was it predictive of septic morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: There is significantly higher incidence of @entity2 with enteric bacteria in @entity0 with severe acute @entity3 , but no difference in @entity4 . Enteric bacteria were implicated in the majority of septic complications. These findings support the gut origin of @entity1 in acute @entity3 .

title: Gastric colonisation, @entity4 and septic morbidity in acute XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Bacterial translocation (BT) may represent an important cause of septic morbidity in @entity0 with acute @entity3 . We have previously demonstrated an association between BT, septic morbidity and colonisation of the proximal GI tract. Alterations in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) may also predispose to BT. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of @entity2 , measure @entity4 in @entity0 with acute @entity3 and relate these to both disease severity and septic complications. METHODS: Gastric colonisation was determined by culturing a sample of nasogastric aspirate, and @entity4 was measured using a dual sugar probe technique ( @entity5 / @entity6 test). Disease severity was assessed according to the modified Glasgow (Imrie) criteria. All septic complications were recorded prospectively. RESULTS: A total of 59 @entity0 were studied (M:F ratio 32:27, median age 66 years, range 18-89), 24 (31%) of whom had severe disease. A nasogastric aspirate was obtained in 56 @entity0 . There was a significantly higher incidence of colonisation with potentially pathogenic enteric bacteria in @entity0 with severe disease compared to those with mild disease (57 vs. 6%, p < 0.001). Septic morbidity occurred in 29% of severe @entity0 and 11% mild @entity0 (p = 0.17). 33% of @entity0 colonised with enteric organisms developed @entity1 , compared to 16% with no enteric bacteria in the NG aspirate (p = 0.34). Enteric bacteria caused 77% of the septic complications. Intestinal permeability was neither associated with disease severity nor was it predictive of septic morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: There is significantly higher incidence of @entity2 with enteric bacteria in @entity0 with severe acute @entity3 , but no difference in @entity4 . Enteric bacteria were implicated in the majority of septic complications. These findings support the gut origin of @entity1 in acute @entity3 .

title: Gastric colonisation, XXXX and septic morbidity in acute @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Four @entity0 from two different families presented with multiple papular @entity7 of the face associated with @entity6 and, in one of them, milium. This association, first described by Adamson, has now become classical. It is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with variable penetrance. Histochemical studies gave the following results: @entity4 negative in the two types of @entity1 , phosphorylase weakly positive, @entity2 diaphorase positive in the basal cells of the @entity7 and diffusely in @entity3 . These results suggest that the @entity3 are of apocrine origin. Using monoclonal antibodies, it has been possible to demonstrate the presence of Langerhans cells in both @entity7 and @entity3 . The BL9 and @entity8 antikeratinocyte monoclonal antibodies were negative, whereas the @entity8 antibody, which recognizes the 55-57 Kd polypeptides of keratin, marked the suprabasal part of the @entity1 . These results are in favour of incomplete cell differentiation. Treatment with @entity5 was ineffective, as in all other cases reported. Electrocoagulation or surgical excision om request for cosmetic reasons seem to be only possible treatments.

title: [Multiple trichoepitheliomas, XXXX and milia. An entity].

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a fundamental phenomenon in @entity1 that can explain many aspects of the clinical manifestations of the disease. Several theories on the mechanisms of @entity2 have been proposed, but the true nature of this problem is yet to be defined. During the past decade, the role of lung inflation in airway physiology and its relationship to @entity2 have attracted major attention. Deep inspirations are known to exert strong beneficial effects on the airways of healthy @entity0 . These effects appear to be of dual nature: bronchoprotective and bronchodilatory. The bronchoprotective effect of deep inspiration is lost in @entity1 , even in mild disease. It is also lost in individuals with @entity3 and @entity2 , but no @entity1 . Therefore, the loss of bronchoprotection is related to @entity2 . The bronchodilatory effect of deep inspiration is somewhat reduced in mild @entity1 and is only lost in severe disease, in the presence of significant @entity2 . Current research is focused on the elucidation of the physiologic mechanisms behind lung inflation-induced bronchoprotection and bronchodilation and on the causes of their loss. This information could open new horizons in @entity1 therapy and prevention.

title: The role of lung inflation in airway hyperresponsiveness and in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate the role of @entity1 (2C) and @entity1 (1A) receptors in the generation of spike-wave discharges (SWD) in the genetic @entity4 model @entity0 Albino Glaxo @entity0 from Rijswijk, Netherlands (WAG/Rij @entity0 ). We have determined the effects of the @entity1 (2C) receptor preferring agonist @entity6 (m-CPP), the selective @entity1 (2C) receptor antagonist @entity7 , the selective @entity1 (1A) receptor antagonist @entity5 , two selective @entity1 re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI, @entity3 and @entity2 ) and their combinations in this model. The @entity1 (2C) agonist @entity6 caused marked, dose-dependent decreases in the cumulative duration and number of SWD administered either intraperitoneally (0.9 and 2.5 mg/kg) or intracerebroventricularly (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg). Treatment with @entity7 (0.2 mg/kg, ip) alone failed to cause any significant change in SWD compared to vehicle. Pretreatment with @entity7 (0.2 mg/kg, ip) eliminated the effects of m-CPP on SWD. @entity3 (5.0 mg/kg, ip) alone caused moderate increase in SWD. After pretreatment with @entity7 , the effect of @entity3 was significantly enhanced. The combination of @entity7 and @entity2 (2.5 mg/kg, ip) caused a similar effect, namely an increase in SWD. In contrast, pretreatment with @entity5 significantly attenuated the effect of @entity3 . In conclusion, these results indicate that the increase in endogenous @entity1 produces a dual effect on SWD; the inhibition of epileptiform activity is mediated by @entity1 (2C), the activation by @entity1 (1A) receptors.

title: 5-HT2C receptors inhibit and 5-HT1A receptors activate the generation of spike-wave discharges in a genetic @entity0 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The present study was conducted to investigate the role of @entity1 (2C) and @entity1 (1A) receptors in the generation of spike-wave discharges (SWD) in the genetic @entity4 model @entity0 Albino Glaxo @entity0 from Rijswijk, Netherlands (WAG/Rij @entity0 ). We have determined the effects of the @entity1 (2C) receptor preferring agonist @entity6 (m-CPP), the selective @entity1 (2C) receptor antagonist @entity7 , the selective @entity1 (1A) receptor antagonist @entity5 , two selective @entity1 re-uptake inhibitors (SSRI, @entity3 and @entity2 ) and their combinations in this model. The @entity1 (2C) agonist @entity6 caused marked, dose-dependent decreases in the cumulative duration and number of SWD administered either intraperitoneally (0.9 and 2.5 mg/kg) or intracerebroventricularly (0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg). Treatment with @entity7 (0.2 mg/kg, ip) alone failed to cause any significant change in SWD compared to vehicle. Pretreatment with @entity7 (0.2 mg/kg, ip) eliminated the effects of m-CPP on SWD. @entity3 (5.0 mg/kg, ip) alone caused moderate increase in SWD. After pretreatment with @entity7 , the effect of @entity3 was significantly enhanced. The combination of @entity7 and @entity2 (2.5 mg/kg, ip) caused a similar effect, namely an increase in SWD. In contrast, pretreatment with @entity5 significantly attenuated the effect of @entity3 . In conclusion, these results indicate that the increase in endogenous @entity1 produces a dual effect on SWD; the inhibition of epileptiform activity is mediated by @entity1 (2C), the activation by @entity1 (1A) receptors.

title: 5-HT2C receptors inhibit and 5-HT1A receptors activate the generation of spike-wave discharges in a genetic XXXX model of @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 is a rare but serious syndrome complicating 1% of essential @entity4 and causing @entity5 . Despite improved anti- @entity4 medication, the incidence of this condition fails to decline. In the first part of this review, we discuss transgenic @entity1 models of @entity4 , generated by over-expressing @entity8 , to illustrate the role of the @entity8 -angiotensin system in the development of @entity4 and @entity4 . In the second part, we focus on the cerebrovascular response to @entity4 and discuss new data using a conditional, transgenic model of @entity4 , the inducible @entity4 @entity1 (IHR). @entity6 associates strongly with @entity4 in @entity0 and the mechanisms by which @entity4 predisposes to different types of @entity2 remains poorly understood. @entity1 have similar cerebrovascular anatomy and structure to @entity0 and as such provide a good experimental tool. To date, such models lack controllability and blood-pressure matched controls. Using the IHR, we have manipulated dietary salt and water intake to generate a novel, controllable @entity2 phenotype. @entity4 develops over a predictable time period, permitting the study of developing @entity3 . @entity7 and @entity4 are not affected. Dissociation of the systemic and central vascular responses in this way, will allow for comparative study of animals with equivalent @entity4 , genetic background and systemic features of @entity4 with or without @entity2 .

title: The role of the XXXX -angiotensin system in @entity7 affecting the systemic and cerebral circulations.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity4 is a rare but serious syndrome complicating 1% of essential @entity4 and causing @entity5 . Despite improved anti- @entity4 medication, the incidence of this condition fails to decline. In the first part of this review, we discuss transgenic @entity1 models of @entity4 , generated by over-expressing @entity8 , to illustrate the role of the @entity8 -angiotensin system in the development of @entity4 and @entity4 . In the second part, we focus on the cerebrovascular response to @entity4 and discuss new data using a conditional, transgenic model of @entity4 , the inducible @entity4 @entity1 (IHR). @entity6 associates strongly with @entity4 in @entity0 and the mechanisms by which @entity4 predisposes to different types of @entity2 remains poorly understood. @entity1 have similar cerebrovascular anatomy and structure to @entity0 and as such provide a good experimental tool. To date, such models lack controllability and blood-pressure matched controls. Using the IHR, we have manipulated dietary salt and water intake to generate a novel, controllable @entity2 phenotype. @entity4 develops over a predictable time period, permitting the study of developing @entity3 . @entity7 and @entity4 are not affected. Dissociation of the systemic and central vascular responses in this way, will allow for comparative study of animals with equivalent @entity4 , genetic background and systemic features of @entity4 with or without @entity2 .

title: The role of the @entity8 -angiotensin system in XXXX affecting the systemic and cerebral circulations.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Because the left ventricular "area at risk" is the most important determinant of ultimate @entity3 size, it would be useful to know the size of the area at risk during acute @entity2 to make therapeutic decisions. We therefore performed a series of experiments in four groups of @entity1 . In group I @entity1 (n = 15) we attempted to determine whether current methods of assessing left ventricular function during acute @entity2 reflect the true size of the area at risk. At each of two to five sequential stages, a more proximal @entity4 was performed to produce a larger area at risk until @entity0 occurred. At each stage, the area at risk (measured by myocardial contrast echocardiography), hemodynamic variables, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were measured. Hemodynamic variables became abnormal when the area at risk was large (25% to 40% of the left ventricle), whereas LVEF became abnormal when the area at risk was of moderate size (18%). When cardiac output and LVEF were normalized to baseline values, a close inverse relationship was noted between these variables and area at risk. In contrast, there was a poor relationship between normalized mean arterial pressure and area at risk (r = .42). In group II @entity1 (n = 9) the area at risk was measured serially over 6 hr after @entity4 . The size of the area at risk remained unchanged regardless of the transmural extent of the ultimate @entity3 . The circumferential endocardial extent of the area at risk closely predicted the circumferential endocardial extent of the @entity3 at 6 hr in eight of nine @entity1 that developed an @entity3 . Group III @entity1 (n = 7) underwent the same protocol as group II @entity1 , but the duration of occlusion was 3 hr. The circumferential endocardial extent of the area at risk closely predicted the circumferential endocardial extent of the @entity3 . Group IV @entity1 (n = 5) underwent subtotal @entity4 . Although regional wall motion abnormalities were noted in this group, no area at risk could be defined. We conclude that although a close inverse relationship is noted between normalized cardiac output and area at risk, the absolute values for cardiac output and other hemodynamic variables become abnormal only when the area at risk is large (25% to 40%); measurement of LVEF may provide a better assessment of the size of the area at risk than hemodynamic variables.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: The importance of defining left ventricular area at risk in vivo during acute XXXX : an experimental evaluation with myocardial contrast two-dimensional echocardiography.

answer: @entity2