abstract: OBJECTIVES: The incidence of minor amputation may vary significantly, and determinants of minor amputation have not been studied systematically. We evaluated minor amputation rate, the determinants of minor amputation and differences in amputation rate between European centres. METHODS: In the Eurodiale study, a prospective cohort study of 1232 @entity0 (1088 followed until end-point) with a new @entity6 were followed on a monthly basis until healing, @entity2 , major amputation or up to a maximum of 1 year. Ulcers were treated according to international guidelines. Baseline characteristics independently associated with minor amputation were examined using multiple logistic regression modelling. Based on the results of the multivariable analysis, a disease severity score was calculated for each @entity0 . RESULTS: One hundred and ninety-four (18%) @entity0 underwent a minor amputation. Predictors of minor amputation were depth of the @entity4 (odds ratio 6.08, confidence interval 4.10-9.03), @entity5 (odds ratio 1.84, confidence interval 1.30-2.60), @entity3 (odds ratio 1.56, confidence interval 1.05-2.30) and male sex (odds ratio 1.42, confidence interval 0.99-2.04). Minor amputation rate varied between 2.4 and 34% in the centres. Minor amputation rate in centres correlated strongly with disease severity score at the moment of presentation to the foot clinic (r=0.75). CONCLUSIONS: Minor amputation is performed frequently in @entity1 foot centres throughout Europe and is determined by depth of the @entity5 , @entity3 and male sex. There are important differences in amputation rate between the European centres, which can be explained in part by severity of disease at presentation. This may suggest that early referral to foot clinics can prevent minor amputations.

title: Differences in minor amputation rate in XXXX throughout Europe are in part explained by differences in disease severity at presentation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 may be considered a diagnostic alarm that acknowledges but usually fails to determine the etiology of a particular clinical problem. Diagnosis thus involves the extraction of additional information from a @entity0 in order to determine rational bases for treatment. The process is ill-defined and fraught with error unless the diagnostician is aware of all and only the relevant diagnostic alternatives. This list of alternatives plus an appreciation of the likelihood of each possible diagnostic outcome determines the fastest rate that diagnostic information can be processed by any system in the absence of unpredictable events called noise. @entity0 diagnosticians must be fluent in the "language" used to convey the desired information if performance is to be optimized. In general this involves restructuring the diagnostic task into smaller pieces which are easier to digest perceptually. One way to accomplish this is to ignore or eliminate patterns which are either irrelevant or occur so rarely (or so commonly) that they usually have negligible impact on diagnostic performance. The utility of a diagnosis is determined ultimately by the degree to which it influences the health and well-being of both the @entity0 and society at large. Hence, the consequence of a particular disease may offset the low diagnostic yield per examination resulting from a low or high prevalence of the disease. When diagnostic patterns are limited by ignorance to only signs and/or symptoms such as @entity1 , the diagnostic process loses its meaning and treatment decisions are compromised necessarily by uncertainty.

title: XXXX and the diagnostic process: conceptions and misconceptions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Observational studies indicate periodontal @entity5 as a risk factor for @entity4 conditions like @entity1 and preterm low birth weight. This paper reviews and argues the biological plausibility for a periodontal @entity4 link and reviews the available experimental data from animal models and @entity0 intervention trials. Five principal lines of evidence can be used to explain the biological plausibility of a link. First, @entity5 in general has been implicated in the pathogenesis of both @entity6 and @entity11 . Periodontal @entity5 secondly causes transient and @entity3 and endotoxaemias in @entity0 . Thirdly, periodontal @entity5 promotes @entity4 inflammatory and immune responses that may play @entity2 . Periodontal pathogens express specific virulence factors that can affect atherogenic or parturition events. Lastly, periodontal pathogens have also been isolated from non-oral tissues like @entity8 . Experimental data derived from rodent and @entity7 models indicate that @entity5 with the periodontal pathogen, @entity10 , can increase @entity8 size or reduce litter weights as compared to controls. While @entity0 intervention data are lacking for @entity0 at risk for @entity1 , early data indicate that periodontal therapy administered to pregnant mothers with @entity9 can reduce the incidence of preterm low birth weight deliveries. Nevertheless, more and larger intervention trials are needed before we can fully accept periodontal @entity5 as a true risk factor in the causal pathways of @entity1 and preterm low birth weight.

title: The periodontal XXXX link: a review of the truth or myth.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Essentials Anticoagulants need to be stopped preprocedure so there is little or no remaining anticoagulant effect. We assessed the residual anticoagulant effect with standardized interruption for @entity0 on @entity5 . With this protocol, 80-86% of @entity0 had no residual anticoagulant effect at the time of a procedure. A standardized perioperative @entity5 protocol appears to be safe, but requires further study. SUMMARY: Background In @entity0 taking @entity5 who require treatment interruption for a surgery/procedure, a sufficient interruption interval is needed so that there is little or no residual anticoagulant effect at the time of the surgery/procedure. Methods A prospective cohort study of @entity0 receiving @entity5 (110 mg or 150 mg twice daily) who required an elective surgery/procedure and received a standardized @entity5 interruption protocol based on surgery/procedure @entity2 risk and renal function was performed. Before the surgery/procedure, a blood sample was taken for measurement of the prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), @entity3 time (TT), and dilute @entity3 time (dTT). We determined the proportion of all @entity0 and those having a high @entity2 risk surgery/procedure with normal coagulation test results at the time of the surgery/procedure. The APTT and dTT were considered to be most likely to reflect a @entity5 anticoagulant effect. @entity0 were followed up for 30 days postprocedure to assess for @entity2 and @entity4 . Results One hundred and eighty-one @entity0 were studied: 118 with low @entity2 risk, and 63 with high @entity2 risk. For all @entity0 , the proportions with normal PT, APTT, TT dTT levels were 92.8%, 79.6%, 33.1%, and 80.7%, respectively. In @entity0 with high @entity2 risk, the proportions with normal PT, APTT, TT dTT levels were 93.7%, 85.7%, 57.1%, and 87.3%, respectively. During follow-up, there was one (0.6%) @entity2 , there were nine (5.0%) minor @entity2 , and there was one (0.6%) transient @entity1 attack. Conclusions In @entity0 receiving @entity5 who require an elective surgery/procedure, a standardized interruption protocol yielded 80-86% of @entity0 with no residual anticoagulant effect at the time of surgery/procedure, and with a low incidence of @entity2 .

title: Effect of standardized perioperative XXXX interruption on the residual anticoagulation effect at the time of surgery or procedure.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the time from symptom onset to hospital admission of @entity0 with suspected @entity1 , final diagnoses and @entity0 eligibility for thrombolytic therapy. DESIGN: Hospital-based, prospective, observational study. SETTING: Royal Adelaide @entity1 Unit, South Australia. @entity0 : All @entity0 admitted to the unit with suspected @entity1 over 11 months (11 April to 10 October 2000 and 20 August 2001 to 19 January 2002). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Time from symptom onset to admission; final diagnosis. RESULTS: Of 284 @entity0 admitted, 39 (14%) had diagnoses other than @entity1 (including eight with transient @entity3 ), 42 (15%) had @entity2 and 203 (71%) had @entity1 . Median time to admission after symptom onset was 6 hours (range, 30 min to 13 days), with 100 @entity0 admitted within 3 hours of symptom onset (35%), and 80 within 2 hours (28%). Thirty-seven @entity0 (13%) could have been considered for thrombolysis (diagnosis of non-severe but disabling @entity1 and admission time < 3 hours). Location at @entity1 onset was the only independent predictor of time to admission. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity0 with @entity1 do not present urgently to the emergency department, rendering them less likely to be considered for thrombolytic therapy.

title: Time to hospital admission for XXXX : an observational study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the clinical outcome and prognostic factors of pediatric @entity1 , provide the basis for the rational treatment, and improve the cure rate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two pediatric @entity1 @entity0 with pathologically confirmed diagnosis and aged from 11 to 18 years old were retrospectively analyzed. All @entity0 received intensity-modulated radiation therapy, dose of GTVnx 6400-7425 cGy, PGTVnx 6400-7050 cGy, @entity2 15,400-6000 cGy, @entity2 25,000-5490 cGy, and GTVnd 6000-6996 cGy were given. Among these @entity0 , 29 received various chemotherapies. The Kaplan-Meier test and log-rank test of SPSS 17.0 statistic software package were used to calculate survival rate, compare and analyze the survival rates of each group. Cox model was used to analyzing the prognosis factors. RESULTS: In this study, the median survival time was 44.5 months, and the median follow-up time is 62.5 months. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 100.0%, 93.2%, 85.7%, respectively, in stage III, and 94.8%, 88.3%, and 64.7% in stage IV. All @entity0 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 97.2%, 90.5%, and 74.2%. Univariate analysis resulted that N stage (P = 0.043), chemotherapy (P = 0.003) and the radiotherapy dose (P = 0.028) were significant factors for survival. On multivariate analysis, only the N stage influence survival. CONCLUSIONS: In pediatric @entity1 , the more important prognostic factors are N stage, chemotherapy, radiotherapy dose. @entity0 with N2-3 should be treated with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy.

title: Clinical and prognostic analysis in 32 pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare clinical and urodynamic results of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) to original and PErFecTED prostate artery embolization (PAE) methods for @entity4 . METHODS: We prospectively randomized 30 @entity0 to receive TURP or original PAE (oPAE) and compared them to a cohort of @entity0 treated by PErFecTED PAE, with a minimum of 1-year follow-up. @entity0 were assessed for urodynamic parameters, prostate volume, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), and quality of life (QoL). RESULTS: All groups were comparable for all pre-treatment parameters except bladder contractility and peak urine flow rate (Q max), both of which were significantly better in the TURP group, and IIEF score, which was significantly higher among PErFecTED PAE @entity0 than TURP @entity0 . All groups experienced significant improvement in IPSS, QoL, prostate volume, and Q max. TURP and PErFecTED PAE both resulted in significantly lower IPSS than oPAE but were not significantly different from one another. TURP resulted in significantly higher Q max and significantly smaller prostate volume than either original or PErFecTED PAE but required spinal anesthesia and hospitalization. Two @entity0 in the oPAE group with hypocontractile bladders experienced recurrence of symptoms and were treated with TURP. In the TURP group, @entity1 occurred in 4/15 @entity0 (26.7 %), @entity2 of the prostatic capsule in 1/15 (6.7 %), @entity5 in all @entity0 (100 %), and one @entity0 was readmitted for temporary bladder irrigation due to @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: TURP and PAE are both safe and effective treatments. TURP and PErFecTED PAE yield similar symptom improvement, but TURP is associated with both better urodynamic results and more adverse events.

title: Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) Versus Original and PErFecTED Prostate Artery Embolization (PAE) Due to XXXX ( @entity4 ): Preliminary Results of a Single Center, Prospective, Urodynamic-Controlled Analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare clinical and urodynamic results of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) to original and PErFecTED prostate artery embolization (PAE) methods for @entity4 . METHODS: We prospectively randomized 30 @entity0 to receive TURP or original PAE (oPAE) and compared them to a cohort of @entity0 treated by PErFecTED PAE, with a minimum of 1-year follow-up. @entity0 were assessed for urodynamic parameters, prostate volume, international prostate symptom score (IPSS), and quality of life (QoL). RESULTS: All groups were comparable for all pre-treatment parameters except bladder contractility and peak urine flow rate (Q max), both of which were significantly better in the TURP group, and IIEF score, which was significantly higher among PErFecTED PAE @entity0 than TURP @entity0 . All groups experienced significant improvement in IPSS, QoL, prostate volume, and Q max. TURP and PErFecTED PAE both resulted in significantly lower IPSS than oPAE but were not significantly different from one another. TURP resulted in significantly higher Q max and significantly smaller prostate volume than either original or PErFecTED PAE but required spinal anesthesia and hospitalization. Two @entity0 in the oPAE group with hypocontractile bladders experienced recurrence of symptoms and were treated with TURP. In the TURP group, @entity1 occurred in 4/15 @entity0 (26.7 %), @entity2 of the prostatic capsule in 1/15 (6.7 %), @entity5 in all @entity0 (100 %), and one @entity0 was readmitted for temporary bladder irrigation due to @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: TURP and PAE are both safe and effective treatments. TURP and PErFecTED PAE yield similar symptom improvement, but TURP is associated with both better urodynamic results and more adverse events.

title: Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) Versus Original and PErFecTED Prostate Artery Embolization (PAE) Due to @entity4 ( XXXX ): Preliminary Results of a Single Center, Prospective, Urodynamic-Controlled Analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Dynamic MR longitudinal R(1) relaxometry after administration of a @entity3 contrast bolus ( @entity4 ) has been used for in vivo measurements of the extracellular volume fraction (v) and the capillary permeability (k min(-1)) in @entity1 muscles to distinguish between red slow- and white fast-twitch muscle fiber types. For this purpose a protocol imaging sequence has been used which allows fast R(1) measurements during the contrast agent uptake. Physiological tissue parameters, k and v, were obtained by computing procedures assuming a simplified monoexponential plasma model. These were shown to be about twice as large in the slow-twitch semimembranosous proprius muscle (SP), containing 100% oxidative type-I fiber, that in the fast-twitch rectus femorus muscle (RF), containing only 6% type-I fiber type. The capillary permeability has been found to be 0.25 +/- 0.02 min(-1) for the (SP) and 0.10 +/- 0.01 min(-1) for the (RF). Similarly, the extracellular volume fractions were 0.189 +/- 0.015 and 0.082 +/- 0.006 respectively, in close agreement with literature data and experimental results obtained by invasive radionuclide measurements. For the pool of the 10 studied animals, no significant variation among animals was observed in the extracellular volume fraction and the capillary permeability for the different muscle fiber types. The dynamic relaxometry method used is easy to implement on conventional MR imagers and has potential applications in @entity2 . The method has also potential applications for tissue characterization based on extracellular volume and capillary permeability quantification. In particular, the method can be used for the evaluation of @entity0 and their responses to therapies.

title: Measurements of extracellular volume fraction and capillary permeability in tissues using dynamic spin-lattice relaxometry: studies in XXXX muscles.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Traditional @entity0 treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy continue to have limited efficacy due to @entity0 . While bacterial @entity0 therapy has the potential to overcome this problem, it comes with the risk of @entity2 and @entity3 . To circumvent these issues, this paper investigates the anti- @entity0 effects of non-viable bacterial derivatives of Clostridium sporogenes. These non-viable derivatives are heat-inactivated C. sporogenes bacteria (IB) and the secreted bacterial proteins in culture media, known as @entity4 ( @entity4 ). In this project, the effects of IB and @entity4 on CT26 and HCT116 @entity1 cells were examined on a 2-Dimensional (2D) and 3-Dimensional (3D) platform. IB significantly inhibited cell proliferation of CT26 to 6.3% of the control in 72   hours for the 2D monolayer culture. In the 3D spheroid culture, cell proliferation of HCT116 spheroids notably dropped to 26.2%. Similarly the @entity4 also remarkably reduced the cell-proliferation of the CT26 cells to 2.4% and 20% in the 2D and 3D models, respectively. Interestingly the effect of boiled @entity4 (BCM) on the cells in the 3D model was less inhibitory than that of @entity4 . Thus, the inhibitive effect of inactivated C. sporogenes and its @entity4 on @entity1 cells is established.

title: Effect of Heat-Inactivated Clostridium sporogenes and Its Conditioned Media on 3-Dimensional XXXX Cell Models.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The rapid and selective accumulation of neutrophils into the lungs is thought to underlie the @entity2 that leads to sepsis-related @entity1 . In this study we investigated whether neutrophil @entity4 is important in @entity3 -induced pulmonary neutrophil recruitment by creating chimeric @entity0 (transferring bone marrow between @entity4 (+/+) and @entity4 (-/-) @entity0 ). In @entity4 (+/+) @entity0 receiving @entity4 (-/-) bone marrow, 6 weeks after transplant @entity4 was absent in all circulating leukocytes as well as in resident macrophages (these @entity0 were termed LeukocyteTLR4(-/-)), and these cells were completely nonresponsive to @entity3 . In @entity4 (-/-) @entity0 receiving @entity4 (+/+) bone marrow, endothelial cells but not leukocytes were deficient in @entity4 (EndotheliumTLR4(-/-)). Surprisingly, systemic @entity3 (0.5 mg/kg) induced a dramatic increase in neutrophil sequestration into the lungs of LeukocyteTLR4(-/-) @entity0 over the first 4 hours. Concomitantly, numbers of circulating leukocytes decreased by 90%. By contrast, EndotheliumTLR4(-/-) @entity0 showed very little increase in neutrophil sequestration in the lungs, suggesting that endothelium rather than leukocyte @entity4 was important. Intravital microscopy of peripheral microcirculation in the cremaster muscle revealed about 30-fold more leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in @entity3 -treated EndotheliumTLR4(-/-) @entity0 than in @entity3 -treated LeukocyteTLR4(-/-) @entity0 . This is consistent with less sequestration of leukocytes into the lungs of EndotheliumTLR4(-/-) @entity0 . In conclusion, our data challenge the view that @entity3 directly activates neutrophils to trap in lungs and suggest a far more important role than previously appreciated for the endothelial cells.

title: Endothelium-derived Toll-like receptor-4 is the key molecule in XXXX -induced neutrophil sequestration into lungs.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: The management of @entity3 is undoubtedly a controversial subject. The part played by surgery seems to be steadily growing, if the number of published reports dedicated to this approach is any yardstick. Although the medical treatment remains the undisputed therapeutic mainstay, trials dedicated to the long-term assessment of its overall efficacy are scarce. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective medical record review. METHODS: The aim of the study is focused on the evaluation of a dual modality, topical and systemic, over a follow-up period of 3 years. In all, 100 @entity0 were treated according to a standardized therapeutic protocol combining short-term oral administration of @entity1 and daily intranasal spray of @entity4 . RESULTS: Over the follow-up period of 3 years, this dual modality proved to be successful in 85% of the @entity0 ; only 15% had to undergo surgery after its failure. The average symptom reduction reached an improvement rate varying from 58% to 80%, according to the symptom type. The daily dosage of @entity1 and @entity4 was progressively decreased while the gain in nasal comfort was being preserved. CONCLUSIONS: Management of nasal @entity2 should be primarily medical. Resorting to surgical procedures should not be envisaged before a trial is conducted of dual steroid therapy under a regimen of strict compliance to treatment.

title: Corticosteroid treatment in XXXX with a three-year follow-up period.

answer: @entity3


abstract: For this study, all displaced @entity3 of the femoral shaft treated during a 20-year period at a national military hospital were analyzed. Ten previously healthy male recruits sustained displaced @entity4 , the incidence being 1.5 per 100,000 @entity0 -years in military service. The median age of the @entity0 was 19 years (range, 18-20 years). None had any previous @entity3 . The median body mass index was normal. Before the @entity2 , nine recruits experienced thigh or knee @entity1 for 1 to 6 weeks. Six of the 10 @entity2 were located in the distal third of the diaphysis. Only one @entity2 occurred in the proximal third. Six @entity2 showed a noncomminuted, oblique, or oblique-transverse configuration. Five @entity2 were treated using an intramedullary nail, four @entity2 with a dynamic compression plate, and one with a dynamic condylar screw-plate. The bone at the site of @entity2 proved to be abnormally brittle. In six @entity0 this resulted in additional comminution intraoperatively. Two reoperations were necessary to exchange a nail and a screw because of technical faults. The median time to solid bony union was 3.5 months (range, 3-5 months). The recruits returned to light duty military service 6 weeks postoperatively, on the average. Two were exempted from military service for 2 years. Displacement is a rare, highly undesirable consequence of fatigue osteopathy of the femoral shaft among young recruits during basic military training. Preventive methods should focus on early, effective detection of developing @entity3 to avoid a displaced @entity2 , with subsequent prolonged morbidity and possible complications. Gentle handling of the bone during the @entity2 fixation procedure is imperative because of the extraordinary brittleness of the @entity2 fragments.

title: XXXX of the femoral shaft.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Enhanced cerebrovascular resistance under pathologic conditions, like @entity3 after @entity1 , seems to be caused by the vasocontractile effect of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Therefore, the effect of the novel and ET(A) receptor selective antagonist @entity4 was characterized by the contraction and relaxation induced by @entity2 and bigET-1 on @entity0 basilar artery. Basilar artery ring segments with (E+) and without (E-) functionally intact endothelium were prepared to measure the isometric force. Concentration-effect curves were constructed by cumulative application of @entity2 or bigET-1 in the presence of @entity4 (10(-7)M, 10(-6)M, and 10(-5)M). The effect of @entity4 was determined by the pA(2) value. The contraction by @entity2 and bigET-1 was inhibited by @entity4 in a dose-dependent manner. The pA(2) values for @entity2 and for bigET-1 were 6.51 +/- 0.39 (E+) and 6.67 +/- 0.43 (E-), and 7.03 +/- 0.32 (E+) and 7.24 +/- 0.31 (E-) respectively. The E(max) values for bigET-1 but not for @entity2 were reduced significantly in the presence of @entity4 . A significant relaxation by @entity2 or bigET-1 was observed only in the presence of @entity4 . This relaxation was inhibited by @entity4 in higher concentrations, with pA(2) values of 5.68 +/- 0.05 ( @entity2 ) and 5.50 +/- 0.39 (bigET-1). The current data correlate with a competitive inhibition of ET(A) receptor-mediated contraction and relaxation, caused by ET(B) receptor activation on cerebral vessels by @entity4 . The selectivity for the ET(A) receptor was approximately sevenfold. Furthermore, the results may suggest an inhibition of the functional ET-converting enzyme activity by @entity4 .

title: Cerebrovascular characterization of the novel nonpeptide endothelin-A receptor antagonist XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Six hundred ambulatory @entity0 were screened with the Endo-pap cytology sampler in two medical centers. None of the @entity0 developed complications from the use of the instrument. Their smears were routinely processed together with cervical cytology smears. One hundred fifty-three of these @entity0 had a tissue diagnosis by endometrial biopsy, dilatation and curettage, or hysterectomy. Adequate cytology specimens were obtained in 93% of these @entity0 . In these 153 @entity0 , 32 (18%) had a tissue diagnosis of @entity1 , and 31 @entity0 had a tissue diagnosis of @entity2 . The cytology samples obtained with this device were diagnostic of @entity1 in 30 (94%) of these 32 @entity0 and ten (32%) of the @entity0 with @entity2 . Two @entity0 (1.6%) were diagnosed falsely positive. The Endo-pap cytology sampler is considered a safe and effective screening tool for @entity1 . Its value in diagnosing @entity2 remains to be determined.

title: Cytologic diagnosis of XXXX using the Endo-pap sampler.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The Revised European @entity2 (REAL) and World Health Organization (WHO) classification of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) relies on the constellation of cytologic, phenotypic, genotypic, and clinical characteristics of @entity3 . For the most part, the classification does not rely on architectural pattern for classification of @entity0 . This classification makes it possible to diagnose and classify @entity2 by fine-needle aspiration (FNA). In this study, we attempted to evaluate the accuracy of FNA in diagnosing and classifying @entity3 within the context of the REAL/WHO classifications. Cases included only those in which FNA was the primary diagnosis, followed by a surgical biopsy for confirmation. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) for phenotyping was carried out whenever material was available. Two groups of pathologists were identified. Group A consisted of pathologists with background training in cytopathology and/or hematopathology (three pathologists). Group B consisted of experienced surgical pathologists with no training in cytopathology and/or hematopathology (four pathologists). Seventy-four cases were included in the study. @entity1 phenotyping was performed in 53 cases (71%). @entity2 constituted 63% of the cases. The remaining @entity2 included Burkitt's, small lymphocytic, lymphoblastic, follicle center cell, Ki-1, mantle cell, marginal zone, and natural killer cell @entity2 . The diagnosis of @entity2 was rendered for all cases. The correct classification was seen in 63% of the cases. Classification was more accurate in immunophenotyped than in nonimmunophenotyped cases (84% vs 33%; P = 0.00004). Group A pathologists showed higher incidence of proper classification than group B (80% vs 56%; P = 0.046). The diagnosis and classification of @entity3 can be achieved in a large number of cases on FNA material. This accuracy can be increased if cytomorphologic criteria are established for different entities of @entity3 aided by @entity1 for phenotyping.

title: Primary diagnosis and REAL/WHO classification of XXXX by fine-needle aspiration: cytomorphologic and immunophenotypic approach.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Clinical trials have demonstrated that @entity2 reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and the extract of Vitex agnus castus are effective for the treatment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no study comparing the efficacy of the SRIs with Vitex agnus castus (AC) extract. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of @entity3 , a selective @entity2 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), with that of the AC extract, a natural choice. After a period of 2 screening months to screen the @entity0 for suitability, 41 @entity0 with @entity5 according to DSM-IV were recruited into the study. The @entity0 were randomized to @entity3 or AC for 2 months of single-blind, rater- blinded and prospective treatment period. The outcome measures included the Penn daily symptom report (DSR), the @entity1 rating scale (HAM-D), and the clinical global impression-severity of illness (CGI-SI) and -improvement (CGI-I) scales. At endpoint, using the clinical criterion for improvement, a similar percentage of @entity0 responded to @entity3 (68.4%, n = 13) and AC (57.9%, n = 11). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to the rate of responders. This preliminary study suggests that @entity0 with @entity5 respond well to treatment with both @entity3 and AC. However, @entity3 was more effective for @entity4 while the extract diminished the physical symptoms.

title: @entity3 versus Vitex agnus castus extract in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Clinical trials have demonstrated that @entity2 reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) and the extract of Vitex agnus castus are effective for the treatment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). However, to the best of our knowledge, there has been no study comparing the efficacy of the SRIs with Vitex agnus castus (AC) extract. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of @entity3 , a selective @entity2 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), with that of the AC extract, a natural choice. After a period of 2 screening months to screen the @entity0 for suitability, 41 @entity0 with @entity5 according to DSM-IV were recruited into the study. The @entity0 were randomized to @entity3 or AC for 2 months of single-blind, rater- blinded and prospective treatment period. The outcome measures included the Penn daily symptom report (DSR), the @entity1 rating scale (HAM-D), and the clinical global impression-severity of illness (CGI-SI) and -improvement (CGI-I) scales. At endpoint, using the clinical criterion for improvement, a similar percentage of @entity0 responded to @entity3 (68.4%, n = 13) and AC (57.9%, n = 11). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to the rate of responders. This preliminary study suggests that @entity0 with @entity5 respond well to treatment with both @entity3 and AC. However, @entity3 was more effective for @entity4 while the extract diminished the physical symptoms.

title: XXXX versus Vitex agnus castus extract in the treatment of @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity9 is responsible for >40% of @entity0 with @entity4 losing their lives. Thus, the prevention of life-threatening @entity6 is a major goal in the management of @entity4 . In several randomized clinical trials, electrical therapy with the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has proved superior to medical antiarrhythmic therapy in both the secondary and primary prevention of @entity9 in @entity0 with reduced left ventricular function. In addition to the severity of @entity8 , the etiology of the @entity2 appears to be a determinant in the benefit derived from this form of electrical therapy. Whereas @entity0 with @entity2 clearly show improved survival with @entity5 therapy, outcome data in @entity0 with @entity2 are less convincing. The major challenge lies in the risk stratification of @entity0 with @entity4 for @entity1 . Catheter ablation is another form of electrical therapy that can help in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity4 . In @entity0 with a @entity3 -mediated @entity2 because of drug-refractory @entity7 with rapid ventricular response, catheter ablation of the atrioventricular node and pacemaker implantation can effectively restore a physiologic heart rate, often with dramatic regression of @entity8 . In @entity0 with frequent @entity5 therapies because of frequent recurrences of @entity10 , catheter ablation of @entity10 can be an effective adjunctive therapy. New catheter ablation techniques and new atrial pacing algorithms can also significantly reduce the @entity7 burden in @entity0 with @entity4 who are particularly susceptible to decompensation because of @entity7 . Pacing for hemodynamic benefit in @entity4 has evolved from dual-chamber pacing modes with optimized atrioventricular delay to biventricular pacing resulting in cardiac resynchronization. This new treatment modality for advanced @entity4 has been shown to result in significant symptomatic and hemodynamic improvement.

title: Prevention and management of chronic XXXX with electrical therapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Although extensive attention has been devoted to the window of preconditioning, only few studies investigated the efficacy of preconditioning against @entity0 with increasing durations. To date, a "ceiling of protection" has been demonstrated to occur with early preconditioning but nothing is known about delayed preconditioning. Accordingly, the efficacy of a @entity2 (NO)-donor-induced delayed preconditioning was tested against @entity0 insults of increasing duration. Accordingly, 65 @entity1 received a 75-min intravenous infusion of either saline (control group), or an NO-donor ( @entity6 ) at 3 microg/kg/min (SNAP-3 group) or 30 microg/kg/min (SNAP-30 group). Twenty-four hours later, @entity1 randomly underwent either a 15-, 20-, or a 30-min @entity4 ( @entity4 ). @entity3 size was assessed after 72-h reperfusion ( @entity5 staining, percentage of the area at risk). After 15-min @entity4 , both SNAP-3 and SNAP-30 reduced @entity3 size compared with control (10 +/- 3, 5 +/- 1 versus 29 +/- 8%, respectively; p < 0.05). After 20-min @entity4 , significant cardioprotection was only observed with SNAP-30 (29 +/- 4, 21 +/- 6 versus 36 +/- 2% for SNAP-3, SNAP-30 versus control, respectively). After 30-min @entity4 , both SNAP-3 and SNAP-30 failed to reduce @entity3 size (48 +/- 2, 50 +/- 5 versus 50 +/- 4% for SNAP-3, SNAP-30 versus control, respectively). In conclusion, this study demonstrates a dose-related ceiling of protection with delayed preconditioning induced by an NO donor. It supports that delayed preconditioning might exert its maximal beneficial effect with early reperfusion and this finding supports the necessary use of different durations of @entity0 when investigating cardioprotective strategies.

title: Evidence for a ceiling of cardioprotection with a @entity2 donor-induced delayed preconditioning in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Although extensive attention has been devoted to the window of preconditioning, only few studies investigated the efficacy of preconditioning against @entity0 with increasing durations. To date, a "ceiling of protection" has been demonstrated to occur with early preconditioning but nothing is known about delayed preconditioning. Accordingly, the efficacy of a @entity2 (NO)-donor-induced delayed preconditioning was tested against @entity0 insults of increasing duration. Accordingly, 65 @entity1 received a 75-min intravenous infusion of either saline (control group), or an NO-donor ( @entity6 ) at 3 microg/kg/min (SNAP-3 group) or 30 microg/kg/min (SNAP-30 group). Twenty-four hours later, @entity1 randomly underwent either a 15-, 20-, or a 30-min @entity4 ( @entity4 ). @entity3 size was assessed after 72-h reperfusion ( @entity5 staining, percentage of the area at risk). After 15-min @entity4 , both SNAP-3 and SNAP-30 reduced @entity3 size compared with control (10 +/- 3, 5 +/- 1 versus 29 +/- 8%, respectively; p < 0.05). After 20-min @entity4 , significant cardioprotection was only observed with SNAP-30 (29 +/- 4, 21 +/- 6 versus 36 +/- 2% for SNAP-3, SNAP-30 versus control, respectively). After 30-min @entity4 , both SNAP-3 and SNAP-30 failed to reduce @entity3 size (48 +/- 2, 50 +/- 5 versus 50 +/- 4% for SNAP-3, SNAP-30 versus control, respectively). In conclusion, this study demonstrates a dose-related ceiling of protection with delayed preconditioning induced by an NO donor. It supports that delayed preconditioning might exert its maximal beneficial effect with early reperfusion and this finding supports the necessary use of different durations of @entity0 when investigating cardioprotective strategies.

title: Evidence for a ceiling of cardioprotection with a XXXX donor-induced delayed preconditioning in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The authors have used xenogeneic immune ribonucleic acid (RNA) in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity4 . This has been used in conjunction with renal artery embolization, delayed nephrectomy, and progestational therapy, using immune RNA derived from @entity3 cell lymphocytes immunized with @entity0 's @entity2 . Four of 5 @entity0 with Stage I disease had extremely large @entity2 . This group is alive with no evidence of disease at twelve to twenty-four months. There are no Stage II @entity2 in this group. One @entity0 with @entity2 is alive at twenty-two months without evidence of disease. Three @entity0 with @entity1 are stable at five to twenty-two months. Two @entity0 have progressive disease at three and six months. This treatment has not been effective in @entity0 with massive @entity2 burden. The results in the other groups are encouraging.

title: Treatment of XXXX with renal infarction, delayed nephrectomy, medroxyprogesterone, and xenogeneic immune RNA.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyse the frequency and prognostic factors of radiographic progression in a series of Spanish @entity0 with early @entity5 ( @entity5 ) after 1 yr of treatment with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). METHODS: Sixty @entity0 (47 females, 13 males) with @entity5 with a disease duration shorter than 2 yr [mean (s.d.) duration 9.5+/-6.6 months] were treated with the same therapeutic protocol using gold salts as the first DMARD and @entity6 as a second option, and were followed up for 1 yr. Radiographic progression in the hands and feet (total radiographic Larsen score and the @entity7 joint count) was used as the outcome variable. Clinical, laboratory, immunogenetic and radiographic data were obtained at study entry. Disease activity and response to therapy were measured at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: @entity2 was found in 21.7% of @entity0 at baseline and in 38.3% after 1 yr. Although a substantial reduction in disease activity was observed during the 1 yr follow-up [disease activity score (DAS28) 5.8+/-0.8 at entry and 3.9+/-1.3 at 12 months, P < 0.001], the Larsen score rose from 1.9+/-3.3 to 5.6+/-9.8 after 1 yr. In 26.6% of @entity0 , a raised @entity7 joint count was observed after 1 yr. Radiographic progression in the total joint radiographic damage (increase in Larsen score of >or=2) was observed in 36.6%. In the multivariate analysis, baseline @entity3 [visual analogue scale (VAS)] and the presence of two copies of the shared epitope were associated with radiographic progression in the @entity7 joint count. Disease duration before study entry, @entity4 and Larsen score at baseline were significant predictors of radiographic progression in @entity1 (Larsen score). Baseline radiographic damage had the highest positive predictive value for progression. CONCLUSIONS: Radiographic progression was observed in up to 36.6% of @entity0 with early @entity5 after 1 yr of @entity8 therapy in spite of a significant reduction in disease activity. Baseline factors, such as @entity4 , disease duration until DMARD therapy, damage score at baseline and the presence of two copies of the shared epitope, were associated with radiographic progression.

title: Radiological progression in early XXXX after DMARDS: a one-year follow-up study in a clinical setting.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 -resistant @entity4 (SRNS) represents the second most frequent cause of @entity3 in the first three decades of life. It manifests histologically as @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and carries a 33% risk of relapse in a renal transplant. No efficient treatment exists. Identification of single-gene (monogenic) causes of SRNS has moved the glomerular epithelial cell (podocyte) to the center of its pathogenesis. Recently, mutations in >30 recessive or dominant genes were identified as causing monogenic forms of SRNS, thereby revealing the encoded proteins as essential for glomerular function. These findings helped define protein interaction complexes and functional pathways that could be targeted for treatment of SRNS. Very recently, it was discovered that in the surprisingly high fraction of    30% of all individuals who manifest with SRNS before 25 years of age, a causative mutation can be detected in one of the    30 different SRNS-causing genes. These findings revealed that SRNS and @entity2 are not single disease entities but rather are part of a spectrum of distinct diseases with an identifiable genetic etiology. Mutation analysis should be offered to all individuals who manifest with SRNS before the age of 25 years, because (i) it will provide the @entity0 and families with an unequivocal cause-based diagnosis, (ii) it may uncover a form of SRNS that is amenable to treatment (e.g. @entity5 ), (iii) it may allow avoidance of a renal biopsy procedure, (iv) it will further unravel the puzzle of pathogenic pathways of SRNS and (v) it will permit personalized treatment options for SRNS, based on genetic causation in way of 'precision medicine'.

title: Genetic testing in XXXX -resistant @entity4 : when and how?

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 -resistant @entity4 (SRNS) represents the second most frequent cause of @entity3 in the first three decades of life. It manifests histologically as @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and carries a 33% risk of relapse in a renal transplant. No efficient treatment exists. Identification of single-gene (monogenic) causes of SRNS has moved the glomerular epithelial cell (podocyte) to the center of its pathogenesis. Recently, mutations in >30 recessive or dominant genes were identified as causing monogenic forms of SRNS, thereby revealing the encoded proteins as essential for glomerular function. These findings helped define protein interaction complexes and functional pathways that could be targeted for treatment of SRNS. Very recently, it was discovered that in the surprisingly high fraction of    30% of all individuals who manifest with SRNS before 25 years of age, a causative mutation can be detected in one of the    30 different SRNS-causing genes. These findings revealed that SRNS and @entity2 are not single disease entities but rather are part of a spectrum of distinct diseases with an identifiable genetic etiology. Mutation analysis should be offered to all individuals who manifest with SRNS before the age of 25 years, because (i) it will provide the @entity0 and families with an unequivocal cause-based diagnosis, (ii) it may uncover a form of SRNS that is amenable to treatment (e.g. @entity5 ), (iii) it may allow avoidance of a renal biopsy procedure, (iv) it will further unravel the puzzle of pathogenic pathways of SRNS and (v) it will permit personalized treatment options for SRNS, based on genetic causation in way of 'precision medicine'.

title: Genetic testing in @entity1 -resistant XXXX : when and how?

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Pregnancy during radiosurgery is extremely rare in clinical practice. We report fetal dose results during CyberKnife radiosurgery for a @entity5 in pregnancy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A 26 year old pregnant @entity0 with a rapidly growing deep-seated @entity2 was treated during the third trimester of gestation using CyberKnife. Ultrasound imaging was used to determine the position of the embryo prior to treatment. A dose of 1400   cGy was prescribed aiming to control @entity1 growth until delivery of the @entity0 . Prior to radiosurgery, the treatment was simulated on an anthropomorphic phantom. Radiation dose to the embryo was measured using a Farmer chamber and EBT3 films. RESULTS: Fetal doses of 4.4   cGy and 4.1   cGy were measured for the embryo's head and legs, lying at 56   cm and 72   cm from the isocenter, respectively, using the Farmer chamber situated at 8.5   cm depth beneath the phantom surface. Dose results of 4.4   cGy, 3.5   cGy and 2.0   cGy were measured with the films situated at depths of 6.5   cm, 9.5   cm and 14.5   cm, respectively. An average dose of 4.2   cGy to the fetus was derived from the above values. A corresponding dose of 3.2   cGy was also calculated based on results obtained using EBT3 films situated upon the @entity0 skin. CONCLUSIONS: The measured fetal doses are below the threshold of 10   cGy for @entity3 , mental and @entity4 effects. The radiogenic @entity1 risk to the live-born embryo was estimated less than 0.3% over the normal incidence. The treatment was administered successfully, allowing the @entity0 to deliver a healthy @entity0 .

title: Radiation dose to the fetus during CyberKnife radiosurgery for a XXXX in pregnancy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Worldwide, the prevalence of moderate to severe @entity3 and @entity8 is 285 millions, with 65% of @entity3 and 82% of all blind @entity0 being 50 years and older. Meta-analyses have shown that two out of three blind @entity0 are @entity0 , a gender discrepancy that holds true for both developed and developing countries. @entity4 accounts for more than half of all @entity8 globally and gender inequity in access to @entity4 surgery is the major cause of the higher prevalence of @entity8 in @entity0 . In addition to gender differences in @entity4 surgical coverage, population-based studies on the prevalence of @entity4 indicate that @entity0 have a higher risk of developing @entity4 . Laboratory as well as epidemiologic studies suggest that @entity2 may confer antioxidative protection against cataractogenesis, but the withdrawal effect of @entity2 in menopause leads to increased risk of @entity4 in @entity0 . For the other major age-related @entity9 ; @entity6 , @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity1 , data are inconclusive. Due to anatomic factors, angle closure @entity6 is more common in @entity0 , whereas the dominating @entity6 type; @entity5 ( @entity5 ), is more prevalent in @entity0 . @entity1 also has a male predominance and vascular/circulatory factors have been implied both in @entity1 and in @entity5 . For @entity7 , data on gender differences are conflicting although some studies indicate increased prevalence of @entity7 in @entity0 . To conclude, both biologic and socioeconomic factors must be considered when investigating causes of gender differences in the prevalence of age-related @entity9 .

title: Age-related XXXX and gender.

answer: @entity9


abstract: We describe a 19-year-old @entity0 with @entity5 . She has suffered from bullae on pressure areas of the skin since birth. These healed with @entity4 and caused marked @entity2 and soles and wrinkled and parchment-like skin of the dorsum of the hands and feet. Since infancy the @entity0 has also suffered from severe photosensitivity on exposed areas and developed @entity6 on the skin of her face, neck, chest, and upper back. Since age 17 years the @entity0 has been free of bullae but moderate photosensitivity exists. Oral examination showed limitation of mouth @entity3 , @entity8 , @entity7 , and @entity9 with widespread white macules. Results of laboratory tests were within normal limits. The proposita's parents (family 1) are Jews of Kurdish origin and first cousins. She is the only one affected among five siblings. Family 1 is related to a second family (family 2) through a common great-grandfather. The parents of family 2 are first cousins and they have three affected @entity0 . An @entity1 is suggested in these two related families.

title: XXXX in two related Kurdish families.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Large multicenter series on outcomes and predictors of survival after distal pancreatectomy (DP) for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are scarce. METHODS: Adults who underwent DP for @entity2 in 17 Dutch pancreatic centers between January 2005 and September 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. The primary outcome was survival, and predictors of survival were identified using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: In total, 761 consecutive @entity0 after DP were assessed, of whom 620 @entity0 were excluded because of non- @entity2 histopathology (n  =  616) or a lack of data (n  =  4), leaving a total of 141 @entity0 included in the study [45  % (n  =  63) male, mean age 64  years (SD  =  10)]. Multivisceral resection was performed in 43 @entity0 (30  %) and laparoscopic resection was performed in 7 @entity0 (5  %). A major complication (Clavien-Dindo score of III or higher) occurred in 46 @entity0 (33  %). Mean @entity1 size was 44  mm (SD  23), and histopathological examination showed 70 R0 resections (50  %), while 30-day and 90-day mortality was 3 and 6  %, respectively. Overall, 63 @entity0 (45  %) received adjuvant chemotherapy. Median survival was 17  months [interquartile range (IQR) 13-21], with a median follow-up of 17  months (IQR 8-29). Cumulative survival at 1, 3 and 5  years was 64, 29, and 22  %, respectively. Independent predictors of worse postoperative survival were R1/R2 resection [hazard ratio (HR) 1.6, 95  % confidence interval (CI) 1.1-2.4], @entity3 /pT4 stage (HR 1.9, 95  % CI 1.3-2.9), a major complication (HR 1.7, 95  % CI 1.1-2.5), and not receiving adjuvant chemotherapy (HR 1.5, 95  % CI 1.0-2.3). CONCLUSION: Survival after DP for @entity2 is poor and is related to resection margin, @entity1 stage, surgical complications, and adjuvant chemotherapy. Further studies should assess to what extent prevention of surgical complications and more extensive use of adjuvant chemotherapy can improve survival.

title: Outcomes of Distal Pancreatectomy for XXXX in the Netherlands: A Nationwide Retrospective Analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Skin-dedicated @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has so far mainly been employed to identify cutaneous @entity0 on freshly excised samples. We present two cases where @entity3 has been used to diagnose @entity2 . METHODS: The skin biopsies were evaluated by the skin-dedicated ex vivo confocal microscope VivaScope 2500(  ) (MAVIG GmbH, Munich Germany) under both reflectance and fluorescence mode. Conventional direct optical examination on skin scraping and histological examination were later performed. RESULTS: Mucormycetes observed by @entity3 presented as hyper-reflective elongated 20  m in diameter structures with perpendicular ramifications. Fungi were found both under reflectance and fluorescence mode and were better visible with @entity4 orange under fluorescence @entity3 . Conventional direct optical examination on skin scraping and histological examination found the same elongated and branching structures confirming the presence of Mucormycetes. CONCLUSIONS: Ex vivo confocal microscopy has both the advantages of being fast as the direct optical examination, and to be able to show the localisation of the fungi in the tissue like the histological examination. In our cases, @entity3 allowed to rapidly confirm the clinical diagnosis of @entity2 , which is essential for the treatment of this @entity1 . Further studies are needed to compare the performance of @entity3 with the findings of conventional histological and mycological examinations.

title: Ex vivo confocal microscopy: a new diagnostic technique for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The biosynthesis of most secondary metabolites in different bacteria is strongly depressed by inorganic @entity0 . The two-component phoR-phoP system of @entity1 has been cloned and characterized. PhoR showed all of the characteristics of the membrane-bound sensor proteins, whereas PhoP is a member of the DNA-binding OmpR family. Deletion mutants lacking phoP or phoR-phoP, were unable to grow in minimal medium at low @entity0 concentration (10 microM). Growth was fully restored by complementation with the phoR-phoP genes. Both @entity1 DeltaphoP and DeltaphoR-phoP deletion mutants were unable to synthesize extracellular alkaline phosphatase (AP) as shown by immunodetection with anti-AP antibodies and by enzymatic analysis, suggesting that the PhoR-PhoP system is required for expression of the AP gene (phoA). Synthesis of AP was restored by complementation of the deletion mutants with phoR-phoP. The biosynthesis of two secondary metabolites, @entity2 and undecylprodigiosin, was significantly increased in both solid and liquid medium in the DeltaphoP or DeltaphoR-phoP deletion mutants. Negative @entity0 control of both secondary metabolites was restored by complementation with the phoR-phoP cluster. These results prove that expression of both phoA and genes implicated in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites in @entity1 is regulated by a mechanism involving the two-component PhoR-PhoP system.

title: The two-component PhoR-PhoP system controls both primary metabolism and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Twenty courses of @entity10 were administered to 18 evaluable adult @entity0 with @entity8 (14 @entity8 , 2 @entity6 , 2 CGL-BC). All but one received daily doses of 6-14 mg/m2 for 5 consecutive days. Two @entity0 older than 60 yr had not prior chemotherapy and the others had refractory or @entity2 . The median age was 60 yr. Three @entity8 @entity0 achieved complete remission for 8, 9 and 9 months respectively, with no maintenance therapy. None of these had proven clinical resistance to @entity9 and/or @entity4 . @entity1 was dose-related and dose-limiting. @entity7 were rare. Alopecia was constant. @entity3 was ascribed to @entity10 in two @entity0 . One episode of @entity5 seemed clearly drug-related and recovered with symptomatic treatment. In conclusion, encouraging antileukemic activity was observed with @entity10 in poor-risk @entity0 . At doses up to 12 mg/m2 day X 5, extramedullary toxicity remained acceptable.

title: Phase I-II evaluation of XXXX in adults with @entity8 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: Twenty courses of @entity10 were administered to 18 evaluable adult @entity0 with @entity8 (14 @entity8 , 2 @entity6 , 2 CGL-BC). All but one received daily doses of 6-14 mg/m2 for 5 consecutive days. Two @entity0 older than 60 yr had not prior chemotherapy and the others had refractory or @entity2 . The median age was 60 yr. Three @entity8 @entity0 achieved complete remission for 8, 9 and 9 months respectively, with no maintenance therapy. None of these had proven clinical resistance to @entity9 and/or @entity4 . @entity1 was dose-related and dose-limiting. @entity7 were rare. Alopecia was constant. @entity3 was ascribed to @entity10 in two @entity0 . One episode of @entity5 seemed clearly drug-related and recovered with symptomatic treatment. In conclusion, encouraging antileukemic activity was observed with @entity10 in poor-risk @entity0 . At doses up to 12 mg/m2 day X 5, extramedullary toxicity remained acceptable.

title: Phase I-II evaluation of @entity10 in adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse the clinical features and outcomes of gouty @entity0 with concomitant @entity7 in a medical centre. METHODS: From the hospital database, we collected 30 hospitalized cases with concomitant @entity7 and @entity6 from 1987 to 2001. All @entity0 had positive bacterial culture and @entity3 crystals in the affected joints. Medical records of the @entity0 were analysed in detail. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity0 was 52.8+/-12.5 yr. One-third of @entity0 were afebrile at presentation, 30% had a normal blood leucocyte count and 10% had a synovial fluid leucocyte count less than 6000/mm3. The knee joint was the most common site of involvement, followed by the ankle, shoulder and wrist joints. Most @entity0 had long-standing disease and subcutaneous tophi. Subcutaneous @entity2 with secondary wound infection is the most common route of infection. Causative micro-organisms were @entity5 (16 cases, 7 of whom were @entity8 -resistant), Streptococcus sp. (5 cases), Pediococcus sp. (1 case), and Gram-negative bacilli (9 cases). Fourteen @entity0 received surgical debridement, among them two @entity0 had an arthrodesis owing to severe joint destruction and one received above-knee amputation. Two @entity0 died. One died of septic complications and the other died of acute @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 coexistent with gout presented a diagnostic difficulty. An early diagnosis requires a high level of suspicion. Prompt aspiration and analysis of the synovial fluid is imperative, regardless of the absence of @entity1 or leucocytosis. Culture of the aspirated synovial fluid is warranted in gouty attack, even when it has a low white cell count or the Gram stain reveals no organisms.

title: Concomitant septic and XXXX --an analysis of 30 cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The records of 215 @entity0 presenting with 218 penetrating or @entity5 to the extremities from 1977 through 1983 have been reviewed. All @entity0 presenting with @entity2 , expanding @entity4 , or absent distal pulses were explored immediately. @entity0 with @entity1 in close proximity to a major artery but without classical signs of @entity3 were explored routinely from 1977 through 1980. Thereafter, similar @entity0 were evaluated initially with contrast arteriography and explored only if arteriographic abnormalities suggested @entity3 . Routine exploration of proximity @entity1 has been compared with selective exploration based on contrast arteriography. Sixty-one @entity0 (group 1) underwent routine exploration for proximity @entity1 . @entity3 were detected in ten (16%) @entity0 , while 51 (84%) of the explorations were negative. Eighty-four @entity0 (group 2) with proximity @entity1 were studied arteriographically. Ten @entity0 (11.9%) were explored on the basis of abnormal arteriograms, and eight @entity3 were confirmed. Two (2.4%) of the 84 @entity0 in this group had negative explorations. The use of contrast arteriography enabled the authors to reduce their negative exploration rate from 84 to 2.4 per cent in the management of proximity @entity1 .

title: The role of contrast arteriography in suspected XXXX of the extremities.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) as a "bridge" to transplantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 117 @entity0 with @entity2 that met Milan criteria underwent bland embolization as their initial and sole therapy for treatment of @entity2 (88 @entity0 and 29 @entity0 ; mean age, 60.4 y; range, 35-88 y). Subsequent postembolization contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging studies were reviewed to determine whether Milan criteria were met in an intent-to-transplant analysis. Freedom from progression beyond Milan criteria and survival were calculated by Kaplan-Meier technique. Predictors of progression and survival were also assessed. RESULTS: After embolization, 87% and 78% of @entity0 ' disease still met Milan criteria at 6 and 12 months, respectively. The median time until disease progression beyond Milan criteria was 22.6 months (95% confidence interval, 16.2-29 mo). a-Fetoprotein levels, number of lesions, United Network for Organ Sharing stage, Model for End-stage @entity3 score, and @entity1 etiology did not correlate significantly with stability within Milan criteria. A total of 34 @entity0 (29%) underwent eventual liver transplantation at a median of 3.3 months (range, 0.5-20.9 mo). Liver transplantation was a significant independent predictor of longer survival (6.9 y vs 2.6 y; P < .001). The major complication rate within 30 days of embolization was 2.6%, including one mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Bland transarterial embolization as a bridging strategy to maintain @entity2 within Milan criteria was successful in 78% of @entity0 at 1 year, which compares favorably with other locoregional embolotherapies.

title: Effectiveness of Transarterial XXXX as a Bridge to Transplantation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND:    Resistance to @entity2 ( @entity2 ) develops during treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) @entity1 ( @entity1 ), but the impact on treatment outcome has not been determined. OBJECTIVES:    To determine the relationship with treatment outcomes of (1) initial versus acquired drug resistance and (2) treatment regimens. METHODS:    @entity5 @entity0 starting @entity2 treatment were enrolled in a prospective cohort study. Sputum cultures were analyzed at a central reference laboratory. We compared subjects with successful and poor treatment outcomes in terms of (1) initial and acquired resistance to @entity3 and second-line injectables (SLI), and (2) treatment regimens. RESULTS:    Of 1,244 @entity5 @entity0 , 973 (78.2%) had known outcomes and 232 (18.6%) were lost to follow-up. Among those with known outcomes, treatment succeeded in 85.8% with plain @entity5 , 69.7% with initial resistance to either a @entity4 or SLI, 37.5% with acquired resistance to a @entity4 or SLI, 29.3% with @entity1 , and 13.0% with acquired @entity1 (P<0.0001 for trend). In contrast, among those with known outcomes, treatment success increased stepwise from 41.6% to 92.3% as the number of proven effective drugs increased from  <=1 to >= 5 (P<0.0001 for trend); while acquired drug resistance decreased from 12%-16% range, depending on the drug, down to 0%-2% (P<0.0001 for trend). In multivariable analysis, the adjusted odds of treatment success decreased 0.62-fold (CL 0.56,0.69) for each increment in drug resistance and increased 2.1-fold (1.40,3.18) for each additional effective drug, controlling for differences between programs and @entity0 . Specific treatment, @entity0 and program variables were also associated with treatment outcome. CONCLUSION:    Increasing drug resistance was associated in a logical stepwise manner with poor treatment outcomes. Acquired resistance was worse than initial resistance to the same drugs. Increasing numbers of effective drugs, specific drugs, and specific program characteristics were associated with better outcomes and less acquired resistance.

title: XXXX Treatment Outcomes in Relation to Treatment, Initial and Acquired Second-Line Drug Resistance.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 are independently associated with advancing age, specific clinical risk factors (CRFs), and low @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The use of @entity1 T-scores for quantifying @entity3 risk ignores the contribution of age and CRFs. We previously developed a mathematical model of @entity2 risk that incorporates @entity0 age, @entity1 , and the results of eleven specific CRFs. The purpose of this study was to compare the contribution of an approach to @entity3 risk stratification using the full model (age, CRFs and @entity1 ) with that of a unidimensional @entity1 -only model. We selected 213 consecutive postmenopausal females (mean age 65.3, range 50-87.9) with @entity4 data referred for @entity1 assessment of @entity3 risk. Absolute @entity2 risk (over the next 5 years and remaining lifetime) was estimated using both the full and @entity1 -only models. The mean ratio of @entity2 risks ( @entity1 -only/full model) derived for each @entity0 was 0.8 (95% CI, 0.16-4.0) for @entity2 in the next 5 years and 1.1 (CI, 0.1-7.6) for remaining lifetime. The wide confidence intervals indicate a large contribution of age and CRFs to @entity3 risk stratification. Categorization of @entity0 as "high risk" was frequently discordant for the two models. One-half of the @entity0 designated "high risk" under the full model were classified as "low risk" based upon @entity1 alone. In conclusion, we have shown that a multidimensional approach to @entity2 risk stratification is feasible, and greatly modifies risk stratification based on @entity1 alone.

title: Contribution of clinical risk factors to bone density-based absolute XXXX risk assessment in postmenopausal @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 are independently associated with advancing age, specific clinical risk factors (CRFs), and low @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The use of @entity1 T-scores for quantifying @entity3 risk ignores the contribution of age and CRFs. We previously developed a mathematical model of @entity2 risk that incorporates @entity0 age, @entity1 , and the results of eleven specific CRFs. The purpose of this study was to compare the contribution of an approach to @entity3 risk stratification using the full model (age, CRFs and @entity1 ) with that of a unidimensional @entity1 -only model. We selected 213 consecutive postmenopausal females (mean age 65.3, range 50-87.9) with @entity4 data referred for @entity1 assessment of @entity3 risk. Absolute @entity2 risk (over the next 5 years and remaining lifetime) was estimated using both the full and @entity1 -only models. The mean ratio of @entity2 risks ( @entity1 -only/full model) derived for each @entity0 was 0.8 (95% CI, 0.16-4.0) for @entity2 in the next 5 years and 1.1 (CI, 0.1-7.6) for remaining lifetime. The wide confidence intervals indicate a large contribution of age and CRFs to @entity3 risk stratification. Categorization of @entity0 as "high risk" was frequently discordant for the two models. One-half of the @entity0 designated "high risk" under the full model were classified as "low risk" based upon @entity1 alone. In conclusion, we have shown that a multidimensional approach to @entity2 risk stratification is feasible, and greatly modifies risk stratification based on @entity1 alone.

title: Contribution of clinical risk factors to bone density-based absolute @entity3 risk assessment in postmenopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) using cell-free DNA for @entity2 is a highly accurate screening test; however, concerns exist around the potential for routinisation of testing. The multidimensional measure of informed choice (MMIC) is a quantitative instrument developed to assess informed choice for Down syndrome screening (DSS). We have validated a modified MMIC for @entity1 and measured informed choice among @entity0 offered @entity1 in a public health service. The measure was distributed to @entity0 recruited across eight maternity units in the United Kingdom who had accepted DSS. Construct validity was assessed by simultaneously conducting qualitative interviews. Five hundred and eighty-five questionnaires were completed and 45 interviews conducted after blood-draw (or equivalent for those that declined @entity1 ). The measure demonstrated good internal consistency and internal validity. Results indicate the vast majority of @entity0 (89%) made an informed choice; 95% were judged to have good knowledge, 88% had a positive attitude and 92% had deliberated. Of the 11% judged to have made an uninformed choice, 55% had not deliberated, 41% had insufficient knowledge, and 19% had a negative attitude. Ethnicity (OR=2.78, P=0.003) and accepting @entity1 (OR=16.05, P=0.021) were found to be significant predictors of informed choice. The high rate of informed choice is likely to reflect the importance placed on the provision of pre-test counselling in this study. It will be vital to ensure that this is maintained once @entity1 is offered in routine clinical practice.European Journal of @entity0 Genetics advance online publication, 28 October 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.207.

title: Development and validation of a measure of informed choice for @entity0 undergoing non-invasive prenatal testing for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) using cell-free DNA for @entity2 is a highly accurate screening test; however, concerns exist around the potential for routinisation of testing. The multidimensional measure of informed choice (MMIC) is a quantitative instrument developed to assess informed choice for Down syndrome screening (DSS). We have validated a modified MMIC for @entity1 and measured informed choice among @entity0 offered @entity1 in a public health service. The measure was distributed to @entity0 recruited across eight maternity units in the United Kingdom who had accepted DSS. Construct validity was assessed by simultaneously conducting qualitative interviews. Five hundred and eighty-five questionnaires were completed and 45 interviews conducted after blood-draw (or equivalent for those that declined @entity1 ). The measure demonstrated good internal consistency and internal validity. Results indicate the vast majority of @entity0 (89%) made an informed choice; 95% were judged to have good knowledge, 88% had a positive attitude and 92% had deliberated. Of the 11% judged to have made an uninformed choice, 55% had not deliberated, 41% had insufficient knowledge, and 19% had a negative attitude. Ethnicity (OR=2.78, P=0.003) and accepting @entity1 (OR=16.05, P=0.021) were found to be significant predictors of informed choice. The high rate of informed choice is likely to reflect the importance placed on the provision of pre-test counselling in this study. It will be vital to ensure that this is maintained once @entity1 is offered in routine clinical practice.European Journal of @entity0 Genetics advance online publication, 28 October 2015; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2015.207.

title: Development and validation of a measure of informed choice for XXXX undergoing non-invasive prenatal testing for @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: We present the cases of 4 @entity0 with @entity3 and a contrasting case of a @entity0 with a @entity4 from Massachusetts General Hospital. Differential diagnosis, distinguishing characteristics, and data from 32 cases in the literature are also reported. Because this rare @entity1 behaves aggressively with both regional and distant spread, a better understanding of its biologic behavior is imperative. @entity0 AND METHODS: The 4 @entity0 with @entity3 were @entity0 and had an average age of 65 years (range, 40 to 77 years). Three @entity1 were in the posterior mandible and 1 was in the maxilla. Three @entity0 complained of @entity2 ; bony expansion and tooth mobility were noted in isolated cases. A comparison is made with other reported cases, and factors associated with recurrence and survival are presented. RESULTS: All @entity0 were treated with resection, and 1 @entity0 received postoperative radiotherapy. Two @entity0 with positive surgical margins underwent further resection. All @entity0 have been followed an average of 2 years (range, 0.5 to 4 years) and presently have no evident disease. CONCLUSIONS: Recognition of this @entity1 and differentiating it from other clear cell neoplasms is critical in developing an appropriate treatment plan. Management should include wide en bloc resection and long-term follow-up.

title: XXXX : evaluation of reported cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effects of whole body vibration on the concentrations of @entity3 (NA), @entity2 (DA), and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in the whole brain and brain regions of @entity0 were investigated. Compared with control @entity0 , vibration with 20 Hz frequency decreased the brain concentration of NA only when the acceleration (intensity) was increased to 5.0 G (p less than 0.05). The concentration of DA in the whole brain was not affected by acceleration. When acceleration was kept at a constant 0.4 G level and @entity0 were exposed for the same 240 minute period to 5, 20, or 30 Hz vibration, neither NA nor DA concentrations changed in the whole brain. Regional changes in the concentration of biogenic @entity4 in the brain of @entity0 exposed to vibration of 20 Hz and 5.0 G showed few significant differences. Thus NA significantly decreased only in the hypothalamus (p less than 0.01), although in the hippocampus the decrease was nearly significant (p less than 0.10). The concentration of @entity1 significantly increased in the hypothalamus and cerebellum (p less than 0.05). DA tended to increase in the cortex and decrease in the striatum (p less than 0.10). These experiments seem to indicate that NA in the whole brain and especially in the hypothalamus is a better indicator of vibration exposure than @entity1 , and that NA is affected by the intensity but not by the frequency of vibration. NA and @entity1 in the hypothalamus change in the opposite direction. DA concentrations in the brain are basically unaffected by vibration.

title: Effects of whole body vibration on biogenic XXXX in @entity0 brain.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effects of whole body vibration on the concentrations of @entity3 (NA), @entity2 (DA), and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in the whole brain and brain regions of @entity0 were investigated. Compared with control @entity0 , vibration with 20 Hz frequency decreased the brain concentration of NA only when the acceleration (intensity) was increased to 5.0 G (p less than 0.05). The concentration of DA in the whole brain was not affected by acceleration. When acceleration was kept at a constant 0.4 G level and @entity0 were exposed for the same 240 minute period to 5, 20, or 30 Hz vibration, neither NA nor DA concentrations changed in the whole brain. Regional changes in the concentration of biogenic @entity4 in the brain of @entity0 exposed to vibration of 20 Hz and 5.0 G showed few significant differences. Thus NA significantly decreased only in the hypothalamus (p less than 0.01), although in the hippocampus the decrease was nearly significant (p less than 0.10). The concentration of @entity1 significantly increased in the hypothalamus and cerebellum (p less than 0.05). DA tended to increase in the cortex and decrease in the striatum (p less than 0.10). These experiments seem to indicate that NA in the whole brain and especially in the hypothalamus is a better indicator of vibration exposure than @entity1 , and that NA is affected by the intensity but not by the frequency of vibration. NA and @entity1 in the hypothalamus change in the opposite direction. DA concentrations in the brain are basically unaffected by vibration.

title: Effects of whole body vibration on biogenic @entity4 in XXXX brain.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The cytolytic activity of @entity0 natural killer cells is induced by several triggering cell surface receptors upon interaction with specific cellular ligands. These receptors include @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity10 , collectively termed natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCR). Co-operation among NCR has been shown to occur for optimal recognition and killing of most @entity1 target cells. In this study, we show that the mAb-mediated engagement and clustering of one or another NCR results in the activation of an identical set of @entity2 kinases. These kinases are included in the signaling cascade leading to @entity2 phosphorylation of different receptor-associated signal transducing molecules i.e. @entity9 (associated with @entity4 and @entity3 ) and @entity6 / @entity6 (associated with @entity10 ). In line with the notion that the engagement of inhibitory receptors prevents NCR-mediated responses, we show that the engagement of @entity7 / @entity8 virtually abrogates the @entity2 phosphorylation of the NCR-associated signaling molecules, i.e. it acts at the very early steps of the signaling cascade. Importantly, the engagement of a single NCR resulted in the activation of the signaling cascades associated with the other NCR. This "cross-talk" is confined to @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity10 since neither @entity5 -nor @entity11 -associated signaling polypeptides were phosphorylated following the NCR engagement. These results suggest that a functional cross-talk specifically occurs among different NCR, possibly resulting in the amplification of the activating signals.

title: Selective cross-talk among natural cytotoxicity receptors in XXXX natural killer cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity0 who undergo partial nephrectomy have been shown to be at decreased risk of @entity2 compared with radical nephrectomy. We examined the oncological outcome of @entity0 in our centre who underwent partial or radical nephrectomy for T1 @entity3 (7 cm or smaller), and compared the likelihood of developing @entity4 . METHODS: This historical cohort study with internal comparison was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Hong Kong. A cohort of 86 @entity0 with solitary T1 @entity3 and a normal contralateral kidney who underwent radical (38 @entity0 ) or partial (48 @entity0 ) nephrectomy between January 2005 and December 2010 was included. The overall and @entity1 -free survival, change in glomerular filtration rate, and new onset of @entity4 were compared between the radical and partial nephrectomy groups. RESULTS: A total of 32 (84%) radical nephrectomy @entity0 and 43 (90%) partial nephrectomy @entity0 were alive by 31 December 2012. The mean follow-up was 43.5 (standard deviation, 22.4) months. There was no significant difference in overall survival (P=0.29) or @entity1 -free survival (P=0.29) between the two groups. Both groups enjoyed good oncological outcome with no recurrence in the partial nephrectomy group. Overall, 18 (21%) @entity0 had pre-existing @entity4 . The partial nephrectomy group had a significantly smaller median reduction in glomerular filtration rate (12.6% vs 35.4%; P<0.001), and radical nephrectomy carried a significantly higher risk of developing @entity4 (hazard ratio=5.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.26-23.55; P=0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with radical nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy can prevent @entity4 and still achieve an excellent oncological outcome for @entity3 , in particular T1a @entity1 and @entity1 with a low R.E.N.A.L. score.

title: Partial nephrectomy for T1 XXXX can achieve an equivalent oncological outcome to radical nephrectomy with better renal preservation: the way to go.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Soluble @entity3 receptor (sTfR) in serum has been suggested as a marker for @entity0 diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. However, sTfR levels in some situations could be far below the limit of quantification (LOQ) of most assays. Thus, an efficient sample pretreatment strategy is required. In this study, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were developed and coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC- @entity2 / @entity2 )-based targeted proteomics for sTfR measurement. The key to this effort was that the same surrogate peptide of sTfR (VEYHFLSPYVSPK, VK13) was employed in both the enrichment by MIPs and the quantification by targeted proteomics. Specifically, three peptide templates with different lengths were evaluated for the synthesis of MIPs, and the imprinting conditions were optimized. The characteristics of MIPs, including the adsorption capacity, adsorption kinetics, and binding selectivity, were also investigated. As a result, a    12-fold enhancement of sensitivity was achieved using MIPs. An LOQ of 200 ng  mL(-1) was obtained. The intra- and interday precision were <10.7 and 7.8%, respectively. The accuracy was 7.5% at the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) and <8.4% for the other QC levels. After validation, the assay was applied to determine the sTfR levels in @entity0 @entity1 (n = 20) and healthy volunteers (n = 20) using the standard addition method. The corresponding levels of sTfR were 1.59    0.36  g  mL(-1) (range: 0.96-2.34  g  mL(-1)) in the volunteers and 1.82    0.42  g  mL(-1) (range: 0.95-2.47  g  mL(-1)) in the @entity1 . This study is among the first to combine MIPs and LC- @entity2 / @entity2 targeted proteomics for protein quantification at the peptide level.

title: Efficient Molecular Imprinting Strategy for Quantitative Targeted Proteomics of @entity1 XXXX Receptor in Depleted Human Serum.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Soluble @entity3 receptor (sTfR) in serum has been suggested as a marker for @entity0 diagnosis, monitoring and treatment. However, sTfR levels in some situations could be far below the limit of quantification (LOQ) of most assays. Thus, an efficient sample pretreatment strategy is required. In this study, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were developed and coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC- @entity2 / @entity2 )-based targeted proteomics for sTfR measurement. The key to this effort was that the same surrogate peptide of sTfR (VEYHFLSPYVSPK, VK13) was employed in both the enrichment by MIPs and the quantification by targeted proteomics. Specifically, three peptide templates with different lengths were evaluated for the synthesis of MIPs, and the imprinting conditions were optimized. The characteristics of MIPs, including the adsorption capacity, adsorption kinetics, and binding selectivity, were also investigated. As a result, a    12-fold enhancement of sensitivity was achieved using MIPs. An LOQ of 200 ng  mL(-1) was obtained. The intra- and interday precision were <10.7 and 7.8%, respectively. The accuracy was 7.5% at the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) and <8.4% for the other QC levels. After validation, the assay was applied to determine the sTfR levels in @entity0 @entity1 (n = 20) and healthy volunteers (n = 20) using the standard addition method. The corresponding levels of sTfR were 1.59    0.36  g  mL(-1) (range: 0.96-2.34  g  mL(-1)) in the volunteers and 1.82    0.42  g  mL(-1) (range: 0.95-2.47  g  mL(-1)) in the @entity1 . This study is among the first to combine MIPs and LC- @entity2 / @entity2 targeted proteomics for protein quantification at the peptide level.

title: Efficient Molecular Imprinting Strategy for Quantitative Targeted Proteomics of XXXX @entity3 Receptor in Depleted Human Serum.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Nicotinic @entity0 receptors (nAChRs) are pentameric ligand gated ion channels, which are found at the neuromuscular junction and in the central and peripheral nervous systems. The channels can be assembled from fourteen known subunits. The exact combination and function of all the channels are still not determined but in the CNS certain combinations have been identified which appear to modulate the release of specific neurotransmitters. Non-specific @entity2 agonists like @entity1 and @entity4 , have been shown to have interesting pharmacology but their clinical value is limited by their undesirable side effects. Selective ligands for different receptor subtypes have been reported and these compounds are probably the best tools for determining the function of the subtypes. The expectation is that some receptor subtype selective @entity2 ligands will be clinically useful for the treatment of a broad range of @entity3 . The development of stable cell lines functionally expressing specific combinations of subunits has greatly improved our understanding of ligand specificity. There have also been advances in the modelling of the ligand binding site, thanks to the discovery of a homologous snail ACh binding protein the X-ray structure of which was determined in 2001. These techniques should lead to rapid advances in the development of truly subtype selective ligands. In this review we describe recent progress in the area and describe the first 1000 fold selective low molecular weight ligands from the AstraZeneca group. We also comment on the first subtype specific channel modulators.

title: Recent progress in the development of subtype selective nicotinic XXXX receptor ligands.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A series of 46 @entity0 treated by the author since January 1972 for @entity2 is presented: 22% were diagnosed at birth, 28% as neonates and 52% in the first 3 months of life. Ninety-three per cent had unilateral or bilateral dilatation of the upper urinary tract at the time the valves were diagnosed and 72% had ureteric reflux. Unilateral reflux occurred into the left ureter twice as often as the right. @entity1 was present at the time of diagnosis in 72% of all of the @entity0 but in 83% of those aged less than 3 months. Surface urinary diversion was used minimally during post-operative management and contributed little to the recovery of renal function. @entity3 disappeared spontaneously in one-third of the refluxing ureters. @entity4 subsided spontaneously in 57% of dilated ureters. Surgery was performed mostly for reflux. Non-refluxing ureteric dilatation was made worse by surgery in a few instances and in others the dilatation improved with time rather than as a result of surgery. Renal function returned to normal in over 60% of the @entity0 who were in @entity1 at diagnosis. Measurement of glomerular filtration rate was the most accurate method of predicting recovery of renal function: a value of less than 50% of normal for age at the time of diagnosis forecast persistent @entity1 with all its attendant complications.

title: Management of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 exists concerning the influence of pregnancy on survival in @entity0 with @entity3 . To evaluate this problem a retrospective computer-aided study was performed of @entity0 in the @entity0 -bearing years treated for Stage I cutaneous @entity3 at the Duke University Comprehensive @entity1 Center. Fifty-eight @entity0 were identified who had @entity3 arise during pregnancy (Group 1) and 43 @entity0 were noted who became pregnant within 5 years of diagnosis of their @entity3 (Group 2). Appropriate control groups matched for the clinical variables of age, primary site, and stage of disease and the pathologic variables of Clark's Level, @entity1 thickness, @entity5 , and histologic type were selected from the cohort of 2938 @entity3 @entity0 seen at Duke. Actuarial survivals for Group 1 and 2 @entity0 did not differ from their respective controls, although the small number of @entity2 in each group resulted in wide confidence intervals. When actuarial disease-free intervals were plotted, there was a significant difference between @entity0 who had @entity3 develop during pregnancy when compared to their controls (P = 0.04). In a multivariate regression analysis, after adjustment for the influence of the more significant prognostic factors for Stage 1 @entity3 , including Clark's Level, @entity5 and @entity1 thickness, the effect of pregnancy on disease-free interval became more apparent (P = 0.02). No difference in actuarial disease-free interval was noted in the @entity3 @entity0 who elected to become pregnant within 5 years of diagnosis (P = 0.31). A multivariate regression analysis confirmed this finding. These data indicate that although an intercurrent @entity3 during pregnancy has a worse prognosis than the control groups, once a @entity0 has been diagnosed as having a cutaneous @entity3 , a subsequent pregnancy has no effect on recurrence rate or survival.

title: XXXX and pregnancy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Impaired decision-making is a potential neurocognitive phenotype of @entity1 . It is therefore important to disentangle the decision-making deficits associated with the @entity1 subtypes and determine whether this putative impairment is a state or trait marker of the disease or more related to starvation. We systematically reviewed the literature on decision-making in @entity1 and conducted a meta-analysis to explore its role in @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHOD: A search of the Medline and EMBASE databases and article references was performed. A total of 23 studies (2044 @entity0 ) met the selection criteria. When the Iowa gambling task (IGT) was used in at least three of the studies, a meta-analysis was run. RESULTS: IGT performance was significantly worse in @entity0 with an @entity1 diagnosis ( @entity2 , @entity3 or @entity4 ) compared with healthy controls, indicating that @entity1 have a negative effect on decision-making. Hedges' g effect sizes were moderate to large (-0.72 in @entity2 , -0.62 in @entity3 , and -1.26 in @entity4 ). Recovered @entity2 @entity0 had IGT scores similar to those of healthy controls. Restrictive @entity2 @entity0 had significantly lower IGT net scores than purging @entity2 @entity0 , and both @entity2 subtypes had worse performances than healthy controls. Age and body mass index did not explain results. CONCLUSIONS: Decision-making was significantly altered in @entity0 with @entity1 . Poor decision-making was more pronounced during the acute phase than in the recovered state of @entity2 . Nutritional status during the acute phase of the disease did not seem to influence decision-making skills.

title: Impaired decision-making in symptomatic anorexia and XXXX @entity0 : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Impaired decision-making is a potential neurocognitive phenotype of @entity1 . It is therefore important to disentangle the decision-making deficits associated with the @entity1 subtypes and determine whether this putative impairment is a state or trait marker of the disease or more related to starvation. We systematically reviewed the literature on decision-making in @entity1 and conducted a meta-analysis to explore its role in @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHOD: A search of the Medline and EMBASE databases and article references was performed. A total of 23 studies (2044 @entity0 ) met the selection criteria. When the Iowa gambling task (IGT) was used in at least three of the studies, a meta-analysis was run. RESULTS: IGT performance was significantly worse in @entity0 with an @entity1 diagnosis ( @entity2 , @entity3 or @entity4 ) compared with healthy controls, indicating that @entity1 have a negative effect on decision-making. Hedges' g effect sizes were moderate to large (-0.72 in @entity2 , -0.62 in @entity3 , and -1.26 in @entity4 ). Recovered @entity2 @entity0 had IGT scores similar to those of healthy controls. Restrictive @entity2 @entity0 had significantly lower IGT net scores than purging @entity2 @entity0 , and both @entity2 subtypes had worse performances than healthy controls. Age and body mass index did not explain results. CONCLUSIONS: Decision-making was significantly altered in @entity0 with @entity1 . Poor decision-making was more pronounced during the acute phase than in the recovered state of @entity2 . Nutritional status during the acute phase of the disease did not seem to influence decision-making skills.

title: Impaired decision-making in symptomatic anorexia and @entity3 XXXX : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Metabotropic @entity8 receptors (mGlu) are @entity9 -binding (G) protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are involved in learning and memory, cardiovascular control and motor function. Their structure and pharmacology has been reviewed recently in Current Drug Targets: CNS and @entity0 (Vol. 1, Issue 3) where their roles in a variety of @entity0 were highlighted. The present review focuses on the emerging evidence for interactions of mGlu receptors with other GPCRs in the CNS at the membrane interface and amongst signaling cascades in the cytosol (e.g. intracellular @entity1 , @entity3 and scaffolding proteins). While initially non-selective activity was thought to be responsible for many atypical responses, increasing evidence points to GPCR interactions in neurons and glia, with adrenoceptors, @entity6 receptors, @entity7 receptors and muscarinic receptors. For example, group II mGlu receptors were found to be required for group I mGlu receptor induction of long-term potentiation at the postsynaptic terminal. Increasing evidence demonstrates the intimate interaction of @entity6 receptors and mGlu receptors, particularly in the regulation of neurotransmitter release. While @entity6 itself can be released from astrocytes by co-activation of group II mGlu and beta-adrenergic receptors. Given the complexity of @entity0 such as @entity5 , @entity2 and @entity4 , exploitation mGlu receptor-associated GPCR interactions may prove efficacious in the treatment of such disorders.

title: Emerging signalling and protein interactions mediated via metabotropic XXXX receptors.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Neural- and endocrine mechanisms controlling @entity1 of a dorsal longitudinal flight muscle, M112a, have been studied in adult Gryllus bimaculatus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). @entity2 completely prevented @entity0 . Implantation of a pair of corpora allata or injection of juvenile hormone III into decapitated crickets caused @entity0 . Denervation of M112a resulted in reduction of muscle mass compared with that in sham-operated crickets. Denervation of M112a in decapitated crickets, however, did not affect muscle mass. Birefringence and ultrastructure of M112a showed an obvious regional difference in the onset of @entity1 . Fibrillar structures of M112a always disappeared from the ventral to dorsal part. Distribution of axon terminals of motor neurons and mechanical responses to the motor nerve stimuli showed that M112a is composed of five motor units with similar twitch properties. When M112a was fully denervated, regional differences in @entity1 disappeared. Partial denervation resulted in denervated muscle fibers losing birefringence earlier than innervated fibers. These results suggest that juvenile hormone causes breakdown of flight muscles, and neural factors control @entity1 of flight muscles to some extent under the presence of the juvenile hormone.

title: Neural- and endocrine control of flight XXXX in the adult cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There remains a population of @entity0 with @entity3 that cannot be treated by conventional endovascular means. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are a novel approach for the treatment of @entity3 ; this study reports outcomes of a UK pilot study of first-generation @entity4 in thoraco-abdominal (TAAA) and perirenal @entity2 (PAA) in @entity0 who were also unfit for open surgery. METHODS: @entity0 with TAAA and PAA unfit for open surgery and with no conventional options for endovascular repair were recruited. Follow-up included CTA at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months, then annually. Outcome measures included 30 day mortality, growth-free survival, branch vessel patency, complications, re-intervention, and maximal aortic diameter. RESULTS: @entity4 were implanted in 14 @entity0 (6 PAA, 8 TAAA) between October 2011 and March 2014 with one (7%) 30 day death and 11 (79%) surviving to 12 months. The median @entity2 growth was 9  mm in the first 12 months following implantation. On mean follow-up of 22.8 months, seven (50%) @entity0 had died including one confirmed @entity1 . AAA diameter remained stable in only two of the surviving @entity0 . Fifty of 51 covered aortic branches remained patent with no @entity5 or symptoms of ischaemia in any @entity0 . @entity4 dislocation occurred in four @entity0 , leading to re-intervention in two. A total of six re-interventions were performed in five @entity0 (35%) with one post-re-intervention death. CONCLUSION: These first-generation @entity4 were unstable and dislocated frequently. It is uncertain whether @entity4 implantation influenced the natural history of these @entity2 as none decreased in size, but two remain stable after a mean of 22.8 months. Although side branch patency was maintained, our results do not support the continued use of these first-generation devices. Further development is needed if this technology is to have a role in treatment of @entity3 .

title: Multi-layer Flow-modulating Stents for Thoraco-abdominal and Peri-renal XXXX : The UK Pilot Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is associated with high cardiovascular risk. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are common on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in @entity0 with increased cardiovascular risk. AIM: To investigate the relationship between cardiovascular risk, @entity1 , neuropsychological performance and brain volume in @entity4 . DESIGN/METHODS: Thirty-eight @entity0 with @entity4 (23 in remission, 15 active) and 38 controls sex-, age- and education-level matched underwent a neuropsychological and clinical evaluation, blood and urine tests and 3Tesla brain MRI. @entity1 were analysed with the Scheltens scale. Ten-year cardiovascular risk (10CVR) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were calculated according to an algorithm based on the Framingham heart study. RESULTS: @entity0 in remission had a higher degree of @entity1 than controls and active @entity0 (P<0.001 and P=0.008 respectively), which did not correlate with cognitive performance in any group. @entity1 severity positively correlated with diastolic blood pressure (r=0.659, P=0.001) and duration of @entity2 (r=0.478, P=0.021) in @entity0 in remission.   Both @entity0 groups (active and in remission) had higher 10CVR (P=0.030, P=0.041) and @entity3 than controls (P=0.013, P=0.039). Neither the 10CVR nor the @entity3 correlated with @entity1 , although both negatively correlated with cognitive function and brain volume in @entity0 in remission (P<0.05).   Total brain volume and grey matter volume in both @entity4 @entity0 groups were reduced compared to controls (total volume: active P=0.006, in remission P=0.012; grey matter: active P=0.001, in remission P=0.003), with no differences in white matter volume between groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 in remission of @entity4 (but not active @entity0 ) have more severe @entity1 than controls, positively correlated with diastolic pressure and duration of @entity2 . Ten-year cardiovascular risk and @entity3 appear to be negatively correlated with the cognitive function and brain volume in @entity0 in remission of @entity4 .

title: Cardiovascular risk and XXXX after endocrine control of @entity4 .

answer: @entity1