abstract: Niosomes are non-ionic surfactant vesicles that have potential applications in the delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. The topical form of @entity2 (NAG) recently has been considered in the treatment of @entity1 due to its inhibitory effect on thyrosinase enzymes in melanocytes. To improve NAG penetration into the skin we formulated the drug in niosomes and investigated its flux across excised @entity0 skin using Franz diffusion cells. The drug assay was performed by a novel and specific high performance liquid chromatography method. Niosomal vesicles were further characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. Niosomes prepared with @entity3 produced a drug encapsulation of about 50%. The vesicle size was markedly dependent on the composition of the niosome formulations and was in range of 500-4500 nm ( @entity5 < @entity4 < @entity3 niosomes). @entity3 -niosomes provided a higher NAG flux across the skin than @entity4 - and @entity5 -nisomes. All formulations significantly improved the extent of drug assessed to be localized in the skin (P< 0.05), as compared to NAG hydroalcoholic (HA) solution. Our study demonstrated the potential of niosomes for improved NAG localization in the skin, as needed in @entity1 .

title: Niosome as a drug carrier for topical delivery of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Reports point to the significant role of inflammatory mechanisms in @entity4 . These mechanisms are activated in peripheral blood in response to acute @entity3 injury of cerebral tissues. The aim of this study was to determine whether peripheral inflammatory response to acute @entity3 of the nervous tissue develops during the first twenty-four hours of @entity7 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied 53 @entity0 divided into three groups: 25 @entity0 with @entity7 , @entity5 , and/or @entity1 (group I); 17 @entity0 with @entity5 , and/or @entity1 but without @entity4 (group II); 11 young, healthy individuals (group III). @entity6 concentrations in peripheral blood were measured in each group using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Other markers of @entity2 in peripheral blood--C-reactive protein, @entity8 , and leukocyte count--were assayed as well. The results were analyzed in relation to age, gender, co-morbidities, and blood-brain barrier injury. RESULTS: @entity6 concentrations in peripheral blood of @entity4 @entity0 were similar as in the other two groups. No associations between @entity6 and other inflammatory parameters were found. Injury of the blood-brain barrier was not accompanied by a significant change in the concentration of @entity6 . CONCLUSION: No significant peripheral inflammatory response to @entity9 develops during the first twenty-four hours of @entity7 . This finding suggests that early anti-inflammatory prevention protocols can be devised to limit further injury of @entity3 nervous tissue caused by activation of inflammatory processes.

title: [Peripheral blood indicators of inflammatory response during the first twenty-four hours of XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: The study objective is to compare the prevalence of @entity5 and @entity6 ( @entity7 ) in singleton and twin gestations conceived via @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and to analyze the impact of associated psychological factors. A cohort study on 45 singleton and 12 twin gestations was conducted at an academic practice. Three validated questionnaires assessing @entity2 ; @entity4 ; and @entity7 at baseline, 10-12 weeks, and 20-22 weeks gestation were used. The prevalence of @entity7 was compared between twins and singletons and its association with @entity4 and @entity2 was determined. Significantly more subjects with twin pregnancies reported @entity7 at 10-12 weeks of gestation. @entity7 was not associated with baseline @entity4 or @entity2 scores. There were no differences in @entity4 scores between the groups at any time. A trend toward higher @entity2 scores among twin gestations at 10-12 weeks was significant at 20-22 weeks. Within the twin group, @entity2 scores remained stable, but scores for singletons decreased significantly from 10-12 weeks to 20-22 weeks. @entity7 is more common in the first trimester in twins compared with singletons following @entity1 . In @entity1 pregnancies, @entity2 scores, but not @entity4 scores, are higher in @entity0 with twin gestations. @entity0 undergoing @entity3 treatment should be counseled accordingly when discussing the risks associated with multiple gestations.

title: Correlation between @entity4 , @entity2 , and @entity5 and XXXX during pregnancy in an @entity1 population: a pilot study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The study objective is to compare the prevalence of @entity5 and @entity6 ( @entity7 ) in singleton and twin gestations conceived via @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and to analyze the impact of associated psychological factors. A cohort study on 45 singleton and 12 twin gestations was conducted at an academic practice. Three validated questionnaires assessing @entity2 ; @entity4 ; and @entity7 at baseline, 10-12 weeks, and 20-22 weeks gestation were used. The prevalence of @entity7 was compared between twins and singletons and its association with @entity4 and @entity2 was determined. Significantly more subjects with twin pregnancies reported @entity7 at 10-12 weeks of gestation. @entity7 was not associated with baseline @entity4 or @entity2 scores. There were no differences in @entity4 scores between the groups at any time. A trend toward higher @entity2 scores among twin gestations at 10-12 weeks was significant at 20-22 weeks. Within the twin group, @entity2 scores remained stable, but scores for singletons decreased significantly from 10-12 weeks to 20-22 weeks. @entity7 is more common in the first trimester in twins compared with singletons following @entity1 . In @entity1 pregnancies, @entity2 scores, but not @entity4 scores, are higher in @entity0 with twin gestations. @entity0 undergoing @entity3 treatment should be counseled accordingly when discussing the risks associated with multiple gestations.

title: Correlation between @entity4 , @entity2 , and @entity5 and @entity6 during pregnancy in an XXXX population: a pilot study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The study objective is to compare the prevalence of @entity5 and @entity6 ( @entity7 ) in singleton and twin gestations conceived via @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and to analyze the impact of associated psychological factors. A cohort study on 45 singleton and 12 twin gestations was conducted at an academic practice. Three validated questionnaires assessing @entity2 ; @entity4 ; and @entity7 at baseline, 10-12 weeks, and 20-22 weeks gestation were used. The prevalence of @entity7 was compared between twins and singletons and its association with @entity4 and @entity2 was determined. Significantly more subjects with twin pregnancies reported @entity7 at 10-12 weeks of gestation. @entity7 was not associated with baseline @entity4 or @entity2 scores. There were no differences in @entity4 scores between the groups at any time. A trend toward higher @entity2 scores among twin gestations at 10-12 weeks was significant at 20-22 weeks. Within the twin group, @entity2 scores remained stable, but scores for singletons decreased significantly from 10-12 weeks to 20-22 weeks. @entity7 is more common in the first trimester in twins compared with singletons following @entity1 . In @entity1 pregnancies, @entity2 scores, but not @entity4 scores, are higher in @entity0 with twin gestations. @entity0 undergoing @entity3 treatment should be counseled accordingly when discussing the risks associated with multiple gestations.

title: Correlation between XXXX , @entity2 , and @entity5 and @entity6 during pregnancy in an @entity1 population: a pilot study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The study objective is to compare the prevalence of @entity5 and @entity6 ( @entity7 ) in singleton and twin gestations conceived via @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and to analyze the impact of associated psychological factors. A cohort study on 45 singleton and 12 twin gestations was conducted at an academic practice. Three validated questionnaires assessing @entity2 ; @entity4 ; and @entity7 at baseline, 10-12 weeks, and 20-22 weeks gestation were used. The prevalence of @entity7 was compared between twins and singletons and its association with @entity4 and @entity2 was determined. Significantly more subjects with twin pregnancies reported @entity7 at 10-12 weeks of gestation. @entity7 was not associated with baseline @entity4 or @entity2 scores. There were no differences in @entity4 scores between the groups at any time. A trend toward higher @entity2 scores among twin gestations at 10-12 weeks was significant at 20-22 weeks. Within the twin group, @entity2 scores remained stable, but scores for singletons decreased significantly from 10-12 weeks to 20-22 weeks. @entity7 is more common in the first trimester in twins compared with singletons following @entity1 . In @entity1 pregnancies, @entity2 scores, but not @entity4 scores, are higher in @entity0 with twin gestations. @entity0 undergoing @entity3 treatment should be counseled accordingly when discussing the risks associated with multiple gestations.

title: Correlation between @entity4 , XXXX , and @entity5 and @entity6 during pregnancy in an @entity1 population: a pilot study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The study objective is to compare the prevalence of @entity5 and @entity6 ( @entity7 ) in singleton and twin gestations conceived via @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and to analyze the impact of associated psychological factors. A cohort study on 45 singleton and 12 twin gestations was conducted at an academic practice. Three validated questionnaires assessing @entity2 ; @entity4 ; and @entity7 at baseline, 10-12 weeks, and 20-22 weeks gestation were used. The prevalence of @entity7 was compared between twins and singletons and its association with @entity4 and @entity2 was determined. Significantly more subjects with twin pregnancies reported @entity7 at 10-12 weeks of gestation. @entity7 was not associated with baseline @entity4 or @entity2 scores. There were no differences in @entity4 scores between the groups at any time. A trend toward higher @entity2 scores among twin gestations at 10-12 weeks was significant at 20-22 weeks. Within the twin group, @entity2 scores remained stable, but scores for singletons decreased significantly from 10-12 weeks to 20-22 weeks. @entity7 is more common in the first trimester in twins compared with singletons following @entity1 . In @entity1 pregnancies, @entity2 scores, but not @entity4 scores, are higher in @entity0 with twin gestations. @entity0 undergoing @entity3 treatment should be counseled accordingly when discussing the risks associated with multiple gestations.

title: Correlation between @entity4 , @entity2 , and XXXX and @entity6 during pregnancy in an @entity1 population: a pilot study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Biopsy specimens are often obtained in the evaluation of hematogenous @entity2 . The effect of prebiopsy antibiotic exposure on pathogen recovery is unknown. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult inpatients with hematogenous @entity2 at a tertiary care hospital from 1 January 2003 through 31 July 2007. Antibiotic exposure within 14 days before biopsy was evaluated. RESULTS: Of 150 @entity0 with hematogenous @entity2 , 92 (61%) underwent a biopsy (60 [65%] needle and 32 [35%] open biopsies). The median time from admission to biopsy was 3 days (range, 0-69 days). @entity0 who underwent biopsy were more likely to have @entity1 (53 [58%] biopsy vs 15 [26%] no biopsy; P<.001) and sensory loss (27 [29%] vs 6 [10%]; P=.006), but were less likely to have a positive blood culture result (28 [30%] vs 30 [52%]; P=.01). Pathogens were recovered in 61 @entity0 (66%). Open biopsy had a higher yield than needle biopsy (29 [91%] of 32 vs 32 [53%] of 60; P<.001). Sixty @entity0 (65%) who had biopsies performed received antibiotics  <=14 days before the procedure (median duration, 4 days; range, 1-37 days). Open biopsy predicted positive biopsy culture results (adjusted odds ratio, 8.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-31.8), but there was no association of prebiopsy antibiotics with culture results (adjusted odds ratio, 2.3; 95% confidence interval, 0.8-6.2). CONCLUSIONS: A pathogen was recovered from 61 (66%) of 92 @entity0 who had biopsies performed in this cohort of hematogenous @entity2 . Open biopsies had a higher microbiological yield than did needle biopsies. Antibiotic exposure before biopsy did not negatively impact pathogen recovery and should not be the sole reason for foregoing biopsies.

title: The impact of prebiopsy antibiotics on pathogen recovery in hematogenous XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Recipient preparation is of prime importance for the successful transplantation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). @entity4 destroys endogenous germs cells and is commonly used for recipient preparation. However, @entity4 produces significant side effects, including systemic @entity2 , and it is lethal in certain species. The side effects associated with @entity4 compromise the efficiency of SSC transplantation and threaten the safety of recipients. Here, we show that @entity3 treatment of testes can be used as an alternative to @entity4 treatment. Fourteen days after @entity3 treatment, @entity1 received a testicular injection of donor germ cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). @entity4 -treated @entity1 were used as controls. Two months after transplantation, the number (12    1 mm) and length (30.46    5.23 mm) of EGFP-expressing testicular colonies in @entity3 -treated recipients were not significantly different from those in @entity4 -treated recipients. Furthermore, healthy EGFP-expressing offspring were obtained after intracytoplasmic injection of round spermatids recovered from @entity3 -treated recipients. This result indicates that donor SSCs undergo complete spermatogenesis in the @entity3 -treated testes of recipients. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using @entity3 for the preparation of recipients before SSC transplantation in @entity1 . @entity3 may prove to be useful for recipient preparation in @entity0 species in which @entity4 produces significant @entity2 .

title: Efficient and safe recipient preparation for transplantation of @entity1 spermatogonial stem cells: pretreating testes with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Recipient preparation is of prime importance for the successful transplantation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). @entity4 destroys endogenous germs cells and is commonly used for recipient preparation. However, @entity4 produces significant side effects, including systemic @entity2 , and it is lethal in certain species. The side effects associated with @entity4 compromise the efficiency of SSC transplantation and threaten the safety of recipients. Here, we show that @entity3 treatment of testes can be used as an alternative to @entity4 treatment. Fourteen days after @entity3 treatment, @entity1 received a testicular injection of donor germ cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). @entity4 -treated @entity1 were used as controls. Two months after transplantation, the number (12    1 mm) and length (30.46    5.23 mm) of EGFP-expressing testicular colonies in @entity3 -treated recipients were not significantly different from those in @entity4 -treated recipients. Furthermore, healthy EGFP-expressing offspring were obtained after intracytoplasmic injection of round spermatids recovered from @entity3 -treated recipients. This result indicates that donor SSCs undergo complete spermatogenesis in the @entity3 -treated testes of recipients. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using @entity3 for the preparation of recipients before SSC transplantation in @entity1 . @entity3 may prove to be useful for recipient preparation in @entity0 species in which @entity4 produces significant @entity2 .

title: Efficient and safe recipient preparation for transplantation of XXXX spermatogonial stem cells: pretreating testes with @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: There is evidence supporting the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) in aortic and abdominal wall connective tissue degeneration, resulting in @entity2 and @entity4 formation. Furthermore, clinical association studies have demonstrated increased prevalence of abdominal wall hernias in @entity0 with @entity3 . Our objective was to estimate the levels of MMPs and TIMPs in the blood of @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity1 , in order to investigate whether there is potential pathogenic linkage of impaired collagen metabolism. METHODS: Plasma concentrations of @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity9 and @entity8 were quantified using ELISA in 33 male @entity0 with @entity5 and 91 male @entity0 with @entity1 . They were consecutive @entity0 undergoing repair during the study period. The same substances were measured in 35 healthy male controls. RESULTS: @entity7 and @entity6 concentrations were lower in the plasma of @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity5 than controls, with @entity4 @entity0 having the lowest circulating levels. The levels of @entity8 were significantly elevated in @entity0 with @entity1 and significantly reduced in @entity0 with @entity3 , whereas opposite correlations were found for circulating @entity9 . CONCLUSION: Different patterns of circulating MMP and @entity9 levels were found in @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity4 compared with controls. Underlying pathogenic processes implicating MMPs and TIMPs in connective tissue metabolism are expressed by differing plasma levels in the two disease states. Further research including combined plasma and tissue analyses is required to further investigate potential common pathogenesis of these diseases.

title: Circulating matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in XXXX and @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: There is evidence supporting the role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors (TIMPs) in aortic and abdominal wall connective tissue degeneration, resulting in @entity2 and @entity4 formation. Furthermore, clinical association studies have demonstrated increased prevalence of abdominal wall hernias in @entity0 with @entity3 . Our objective was to estimate the levels of MMPs and TIMPs in the blood of @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity1 , in order to investigate whether there is potential pathogenic linkage of impaired collagen metabolism. METHODS: Plasma concentrations of @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity9 and @entity8 were quantified using ELISA in 33 male @entity0 with @entity5 and 91 male @entity0 with @entity1 . They were consecutive @entity0 undergoing repair during the study period. The same substances were measured in 35 healthy male controls. RESULTS: @entity7 and @entity6 concentrations were lower in the plasma of @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity5 than controls, with @entity4 @entity0 having the lowest circulating levels. The levels of @entity8 were significantly elevated in @entity0 with @entity1 and significantly reduced in @entity0 with @entity3 , whereas opposite correlations were found for circulating @entity9 . CONCLUSION: Different patterns of circulating MMP and @entity9 levels were found in @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity4 compared with controls. Underlying pathogenic processes implicating MMPs and TIMPs in connective tissue metabolism are expressed by differing plasma levels in the two disease states. Further research including combined plasma and tissue analyses is required to further investigate potential common pathogenesis of these diseases.

title: Circulating matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-risk @entity0 papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) can be detected in a proportion of @entity7 . Data on prevalence are inconclusive, but are essential to estimate the relevance of HR-HPV, particularly with regard to prophylactic HPV vaccines for @entity7 prevention. METHODS: High-risk @entity6 DNA was investigated in 140 non-melanoma @entity2 from 54 immunocompetent @entity0 and 33 immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients. Expression of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), a marker for HR-HPV oncogene expression in the uterine cervix, and of @entity3 and @entity5 was evaluated immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The highest prevalence of HR-HPV was found in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) (46.2% (6 out of 13) in immunosuppressed and 23.5% (4 out of 17) in immunocompetent @entity0 ). High-risk @entity6 positivity was accompanied by diffuse @entity4 ( @entity4 ) expression in most @entity8 (P<0.001) and @entity9 (P=0.02), while almost all @entity8 in situ were @entity4 ( @entity4 ) positive irrespective of HR-HPV presence (P=0.66). Diffuse @entity4 ( @entity4 ) expression was associated with lack of @entity5 expression (P=0.001). @entity3 was strongly expressed in 40.0% (56 out of 140) of the lesions irrespective of HR-HPV presence. CONCLUSION: High-risk @entity6 can be detected in lesions of keratinised squamous epithelia. The association of HR-HPV with diffuse @entity4 ( @entity4 ) expression might indicate HR-HPV oncogene expression in a proportion of lesions. Overexpression of @entity3 suggests @entity3 pathway alterations in @entity1 .

title: High-risk XXXX in non-melanoma @entity2 from renal allograft recipients and immunocompetent @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-risk @entity0 papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) can be detected in a proportion of @entity7 . Data on prevalence are inconclusive, but are essential to estimate the relevance of HR-HPV, particularly with regard to prophylactic HPV vaccines for @entity7 prevention. METHODS: High-risk @entity6 DNA was investigated in 140 non-melanoma @entity2 from 54 immunocompetent @entity0 and 33 immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients. Expression of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), a marker for HR-HPV oncogene expression in the uterine cervix, and of @entity3 and @entity5 was evaluated immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The highest prevalence of HR-HPV was found in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) (46.2% (6 out of 13) in immunosuppressed and 23.5% (4 out of 17) in immunocompetent @entity0 ). High-risk @entity6 positivity was accompanied by diffuse @entity4 ( @entity4 ) expression in most @entity8 (P<0.001) and @entity9 (P=0.02), while almost all @entity8 in situ were @entity4 ( @entity4 ) positive irrespective of HR-HPV presence (P=0.66). Diffuse @entity4 ( @entity4 ) expression was associated with lack of @entity5 expression (P=0.001). @entity3 was strongly expressed in 40.0% (56 out of 140) of the lesions irrespective of HR-HPV presence. CONCLUSION: High-risk @entity6 can be detected in lesions of keratinised squamous epithelia. The association of HR-HPV with diffuse @entity4 ( @entity4 ) expression might indicate HR-HPV oncogene expression in a proportion of lesions. Overexpression of @entity3 suggests @entity3 pathway alterations in @entity1 .

title: High-risk @entity6 in non-melanoma XXXX from renal allograft recipients and immunocompetent @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-risk @entity0 papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) can be detected in a proportion of @entity7 . Data on prevalence are inconclusive, but are essential to estimate the relevance of HR-HPV, particularly with regard to prophylactic HPV vaccines for @entity7 prevention. METHODS: High-risk @entity6 DNA was investigated in 140 non-melanoma @entity2 from 54 immunocompetent @entity0 and 33 immunosuppressed renal allograft recipients. Expression of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), a marker for HR-HPV oncogene expression in the uterine cervix, and of @entity3 and @entity5 was evaluated immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The highest prevalence of HR-HPV was found in @entity8 ( @entity8 ) (46.2% (6 out of 13) in immunosuppressed and 23.5% (4 out of 17) in immunocompetent @entity0 ). High-risk @entity6 positivity was accompanied by diffuse @entity4 ( @entity4 ) expression in most @entity8 (P<0.001) and @entity9 (P=0.02), while almost all @entity8 in situ were @entity4 ( @entity4 ) positive irrespective of HR-HPV presence (P=0.66). Diffuse @entity4 ( @entity4 ) expression was associated with lack of @entity5 expression (P=0.001). @entity3 was strongly expressed in 40.0% (56 out of 140) of the lesions irrespective of HR-HPV presence. CONCLUSION: High-risk @entity6 can be detected in lesions of keratinised squamous epithelia. The association of HR-HPV with diffuse @entity4 ( @entity4 ) expression might indicate HR-HPV oncogene expression in a proportion of lesions. Overexpression of @entity3 suggests @entity3 pathway alterations in @entity1 .

title: High-risk @entity6 in non-melanoma @entity2 from renal allograft recipients and immunocompetent XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4 is a member of the cell adhesion molecules family. Naturally, CD44S, along with CD44V3 influence the cell motility, migration, and adhesion, while in @entity2 cells they lead to @entity2 invasion, progression, and @entity1 . The purpose of this research is to evaluate the CD44S and CD44V3 expression in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and to reveal their correlations with clinicopathological features of @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fresh tumoral and distant @entity2 -free esophageal tissues were obtained from 50 @entity0 with @entity3 . Using quantitative real-time PCR, the expression levels of CD44S and CD44V3 were quantified and compared in both groups of cells. The @entity0 had not received any therapeutic interference, such as chemotherapy or radiation, prior to sampling. RESULTS: Significant overexpression of CD44S and CD44V3 mRNA was observed in 13 (26.0%, P=0.03) and 11 (22.0%, P=0.007) @entity2 specimens, respectively. The expression of the genes were significantly correlated not only with each other (P=0.0001), but also with differentiation grade of @entity2 (P=0.033), stage of @entity2 progression (P=0.003), and depth of @entity2 invasion (P=0.00). In addition, low level of CD44V3 mRNA expression was attended to be associated with @entity2 invasion. CONCLUSION: There is no correlation between @entity4 S expression with clinicopathological features of @entity0 ; however, simultaneous expression of these genes has an important effect on tumorigenesis.

title: Expression analysis of XXXX isoforms S and V3, in @entity0 with @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4 is a member of the cell adhesion molecules family. Naturally, CD44S, along with CD44V3 influence the cell motility, migration, and adhesion, while in @entity2 cells they lead to @entity2 invasion, progression, and @entity1 . The purpose of this research is to evaluate the CD44S and CD44V3 expression in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and to reveal their correlations with clinicopathological features of @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fresh tumoral and distant @entity2 -free esophageal tissues were obtained from 50 @entity0 with @entity3 . Using quantitative real-time PCR, the expression levels of CD44S and CD44V3 were quantified and compared in both groups of cells. The @entity0 had not received any therapeutic interference, such as chemotherapy or radiation, prior to sampling. RESULTS: Significant overexpression of CD44S and CD44V3 mRNA was observed in 13 (26.0%, P=0.03) and 11 (22.0%, P=0.007) @entity2 specimens, respectively. The expression of the genes were significantly correlated not only with each other (P=0.0001), but also with differentiation grade of @entity2 (P=0.033), stage of @entity2 progression (P=0.003), and depth of @entity2 invasion (P=0.00). In addition, low level of CD44V3 mRNA expression was attended to be associated with @entity2 invasion. CONCLUSION: There is no correlation between @entity4 S expression with clinicopathological features of @entity0 ; however, simultaneous expression of these genes has an important effect on tumorigenesis.

title: Expression analysis of @entity4 isoforms S and V3, in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4 is a member of the cell adhesion molecules family. Naturally, CD44S, along with CD44V3 influence the cell motility, migration, and adhesion, while in @entity2 cells they lead to @entity2 invasion, progression, and @entity1 . The purpose of this research is to evaluate the CD44S and CD44V3 expression in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and to reveal their correlations with clinicopathological features of @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fresh tumoral and distant @entity2 -free esophageal tissues were obtained from 50 @entity0 with @entity3 . Using quantitative real-time PCR, the expression levels of CD44S and CD44V3 were quantified and compared in both groups of cells. The @entity0 had not received any therapeutic interference, such as chemotherapy or radiation, prior to sampling. RESULTS: Significant overexpression of CD44S and CD44V3 mRNA was observed in 13 (26.0%, P=0.03) and 11 (22.0%, P=0.007) @entity2 specimens, respectively. The expression of the genes were significantly correlated not only with each other (P=0.0001), but also with differentiation grade of @entity2 (P=0.033), stage of @entity2 progression (P=0.003), and depth of @entity2 invasion (P=0.00). In addition, low level of CD44V3 mRNA expression was attended to be associated with @entity2 invasion. CONCLUSION: There is no correlation between @entity4 S expression with clinicopathological features of @entity0 ; however, simultaneous expression of these genes has an important effect on tumorigenesis.

title: Expression analysis of @entity4 isoforms S and V3, in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Hyperphosphataemia is a clinical consequence of the advanced stages of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Considerable evidence points to a role of hyperphosphataemia in the pathogenesis of @entity3 -associated @entity1 , including @entity2 , and with increased all-cause and CV mortality. These observations place management of hyperphosphataemia at the centre of @entity3 treatment. Although our increased understanding of the physiological role of @entity5 may provide a long-term alternative biomarker of @entity4 load and underlying disease progression, regular determination of serum @entity4 is currently the most frequently used parameter to evaluate @entity4 load in clinical practice. This review considers the challenges physicians and @entity0 face in trying to control hyperphosphataemia. Amongst these are the limitations of dietary @entity4 restriction, giving rise to the need for @entity4 binder therapy to maintain serum @entity4 control. Once the decision to use @entity4 binders has been made, considerations include the relative efficacy, different potential side effects and pill burden associated with various @entity4 binders. Although a number of @entity4 binders are available, adherence poses a major obstacle to effective treatment. This emphasizes that further improvements to @entity4 binder therapy can be made. Evaluation of novel agents and their potential role in the clinic should continue.

title: Management of hyperphosphataemia in XXXX -challenges and solutions.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was the preparation and evaluation of dry powder formulations of recombinant @entity0 @entity1 (rhIL-2)-loaded microparticles to be administered to the lung by inhalation. METHODS: As indicated in our previous study, the microparticles were prepared by modified water-in-oil-in-water (w(1)/o/w(3)) double emulsion solvent extraction method using @entity3 ( @entity3 ) polymers. The dry powder formulations were prepared with blending of microparticles and @entity2 as a coarse carrier. The actual aerodynamic characteristics of the microparticles alone and prepared mixtures with @entity2 are evaluated by using the eight-stage Andersen cascade impactor. RESULTS: Due to the low tapped density of microparticles (<0.4 g/cm(3)), the theoretical aerodynamic diameter (MMADt) values were calculated (<5  m) on the basis of the geometrical particle diameter and tapped density values. The lowest tapped density value (0.17 g/cm(3)) belongs to the cyclodextrin-containing formulation. According to the results obtained using the cascade impactor, the emitted doses for all microparticle formulations were found to be rather high and during the aerosolization for all the formulations except F3 and F5, >90% of the capsule content was determined to be released. However, the actual aerodynamic diameter (MMADa) values were seen to be higher than the MMADt values. The blending of the microparticles with @entity2 allowed their aerodynamic diameters to decrease and their fine particle fraction values to increase. CONCLUSION: The obtained results have shown that the mixing of rhIL-2-loaded microparticles with @entity2 possess suitable aerodynamic characteristics to be administered to the lungs by inhalation.

title: Preparation and evaluation of XXXX microparticles as a carrier for pulmonary delivery of recombinant @entity0 @entity1 : II. In vitro studies on aerodynamic properties of dry powder inhaler formulations.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was the preparation and evaluation of dry powder formulations of recombinant @entity0 @entity1 (rhIL-2)-loaded microparticles to be administered to the lung by inhalation. METHODS: As indicated in our previous study, the microparticles were prepared by modified water-in-oil-in-water (w(1)/o/w(3)) double emulsion solvent extraction method using @entity3 ( @entity3 ) polymers. The dry powder formulations were prepared with blending of microparticles and @entity2 as a coarse carrier. The actual aerodynamic characteristics of the microparticles alone and prepared mixtures with @entity2 are evaluated by using the eight-stage Andersen cascade impactor. RESULTS: Due to the low tapped density of microparticles (<0.4 g/cm(3)), the theoretical aerodynamic diameter (MMADt) values were calculated (<5  m) on the basis of the geometrical particle diameter and tapped density values. The lowest tapped density value (0.17 g/cm(3)) belongs to the cyclodextrin-containing formulation. According to the results obtained using the cascade impactor, the emitted doses for all microparticle formulations were found to be rather high and during the aerosolization for all the formulations except F3 and F5, >90% of the capsule content was determined to be released. However, the actual aerodynamic diameter (MMADa) values were seen to be higher than the MMADt values. The blending of the microparticles with @entity2 allowed their aerodynamic diameters to decrease and their fine particle fraction values to increase. CONCLUSION: The obtained results have shown that the mixing of rhIL-2-loaded microparticles with @entity2 possess suitable aerodynamic characteristics to be administered to the lungs by inhalation.

title: Preparation and evaluation of @entity3 microparticles as a carrier for pulmonary delivery of recombinant @entity0 XXXX : II. In vitro studies on aerodynamic properties of dry powder inhaler formulations.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was the preparation and evaluation of dry powder formulations of recombinant @entity0 @entity1 (rhIL-2)-loaded microparticles to be administered to the lung by inhalation. METHODS: As indicated in our previous study, the microparticles were prepared by modified water-in-oil-in-water (w(1)/o/w(3)) double emulsion solvent extraction method using @entity3 ( @entity3 ) polymers. The dry powder formulations were prepared with blending of microparticles and @entity2 as a coarse carrier. The actual aerodynamic characteristics of the microparticles alone and prepared mixtures with @entity2 are evaluated by using the eight-stage Andersen cascade impactor. RESULTS: Due to the low tapped density of microparticles (<0.4 g/cm(3)), the theoretical aerodynamic diameter (MMADt) values were calculated (<5  m) on the basis of the geometrical particle diameter and tapped density values. The lowest tapped density value (0.17 g/cm(3)) belongs to the cyclodextrin-containing formulation. According to the results obtained using the cascade impactor, the emitted doses for all microparticle formulations were found to be rather high and during the aerosolization for all the formulations except F3 and F5, >90% of the capsule content was determined to be released. However, the actual aerodynamic diameter (MMADa) values were seen to be higher than the MMADt values. The blending of the microparticles with @entity2 allowed their aerodynamic diameters to decrease and their fine particle fraction values to increase. CONCLUSION: The obtained results have shown that the mixing of rhIL-2-loaded microparticles with @entity2 possess suitable aerodynamic characteristics to be administered to the lungs by inhalation.

title: Preparation and evaluation of @entity3 microparticles as a carrier for pulmonary delivery of recombinant XXXX @entity1 : II. In vitro studies on aerodynamic properties of dry powder inhaler formulations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinicopathological characteristics in @entity4 @entity0 . METHODS: A retrospective study was carried out on 79 cases with @entity4 @entity0 admitted to Department of Gynecology, Peking University @entity0 's Hospital from Mar. 2007 to Jul. 2010. All @entity0 were divided into two groups, @entity3 group (merely @entity4 , 49 cases, 62%) and cancerization group ( @entity4 accompanying @entity2 , 30 cases, 38%). RESULTS: The mean age of 79 cases were (50    11) years old, while they were (50    10) and (51    11) years old for @entity3 group and cancerization group, there were not difference (P = 0.994). The gravidity and delivery frequencies were also not differently between two groups. The rates of complicated other diseases were 47% (23/49) and 43% (13/30), which was not significantly different (P = 0.755). The body mass index (BMI) of cancerization group was higher than that of @entity3 group [(27.9    5.4) vs. (25.2    2.9) kg/m  , P = 0.024]. There were 50% (15/30) and 31% (15/49) menopause cases in two groups, respectively. Among them there were 13/15 and 8/15 cases showed @entity5 . Among premenopausal @entity0 , there were 12/15 and 68% (23/34) showed abnormal @entity5 , but there were not significantly different between two groups (all P > 0.05). The uterine cavity mass found by ultrasonography in the cancerization group @entity0 was more than that in @entity3 group [73% (22/30) vs. 51% (25/49), P = 0.050]. There were 23 cases (29%), 44 cases (56%) and 12 cases (15%) were diagnosed by dilatation and curettage (D_G), hysteroscopy and hysterectomy, respectively. The rates of diagnosing @entity4 by D_G and hysteroscopy were 87% (21/23) and 93% (41/44), respectively. The rate of diagnosis of canceration were 6/12 and 12/16, respectively. While, the rate of missed diagnosis of canceration in the @entity4 @entity0 by D_G and hysteroscopy were 6/13 and 19% (4/21), respectively. Which all did not shown significantly different (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hysteroscopy or D_G should be chosen on those peri-menopausal @entity0 with @entity1 , while those @entity4 @entity0 with high BMI and uterine cavity mass diagnosed with D_G and ultrasonography should consider the possibility of canceration.

title: [An analysis on the clinicopathological characteristics of 79 cases XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The @entity0 -Rated Wrist Evaluation ( @entity5 ) scale is a self-administered outcome questionnaire used to determine level of @entity2 and disability in wrist problems. The scale includes @entity2 ( @entity5 -P) and function ( @entity5 -F) subscales, the latter consisting of specific function ( @entity5 -SF) and usual ( @entity5 -UF) function. This study aimed to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Turkish versionof the @entity5 scale. METHODS: Permission was sought and received from the original author of the @entity5 for a Turkish translation for use in the study. The study included 110 @entity0 (85 female and 25 male; mean age: 50.8  1.53 years; range: 18 to 85) with @entity3 , @entity4 , wrist ganglion cyst, @entity6 , @entity1 , and connective lesions affecting the wrist, all of whom completed the Turkish version of both the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and the Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand scale (DASH). Reliability and validity of the @entity5 scale were evaluated via an internal consistency analysis and a factor analysis respectively. The level of correlation between @entity5 and DASH scores was also examined. RESULTS: Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated as 0.86, 0.82 and 0.88 for @entity5 -P, @entity5 -F and @entity5 respectively for the scale and all subscales. The @entity5 scale was found to be highly reliable. A statistically significant correlation was found between @entity5 and DASH in the criterion-related validity analysis (Spearman's rho=0.9). CONCLUSION: The @entity5 was found to be valid and reliable. It is therefore suggested for use in evaluating @entity0 -based @entity2 and disability levels in routine clinical practice.

title: Validity and reliability of the Turkish " XXXX -Rated Wrist Evaluation" questionnaire.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 induces physiological alterations in neurons that lead to cell death. This study investigated the effects of pre-ischemic exercise on @entity2 neurons. @entity0 were divided into three groups. Animals in the exercise group were trained 5  days a week for 4  weeks. @entity1 was induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries (CCAs) for 20  min. Apoptotic cell death was detected by TUNEL assay. Furthermore, expression of different proteins was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly increased in the @entity1 group, but pre-ischemic exercise significantly reduced apoptotic cell death (P  <  0.001). In addition, our results showed a significant increase in the @entity4 / @entity3 ratio in the @entity1 group. Pre-ischemic exercise attenuated this ratio (P  <  0.05). Furthermore, the number of active @entity5 -positive neurons was significantly increased in the @entity1 group, which was reduced markedly by exercise preconditioning (P  <  0.05). This study showed that pre-ischemic exercise can exert neuroprotective effects against @entity1 in @entity2 neurons.

title: Pre-ischemic exercise reduces apoptosis in hippocampal @entity2 cells after cerebral ischemia by modulation of the @entity4 / XXXX proteins ratio and prevention of @entity5 activation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 induces physiological alterations in neurons that lead to cell death. This study investigated the effects of pre-ischemic exercise on @entity2 neurons. @entity0 were divided into three groups. Animals in the exercise group were trained 5  days a week for 4  weeks. @entity1 was induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries (CCAs) for 20  min. Apoptotic cell death was detected by TUNEL assay. Furthermore, expression of different proteins was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly increased in the @entity1 group, but pre-ischemic exercise significantly reduced apoptotic cell death (P  <  0.001). In addition, our results showed a significant increase in the @entity4 / @entity3 ratio in the @entity1 group. Pre-ischemic exercise attenuated this ratio (P  <  0.05). Furthermore, the number of active @entity5 -positive neurons was significantly increased in the @entity1 group, which was reduced markedly by exercise preconditioning (P  <  0.05). This study showed that pre-ischemic exercise can exert neuroprotective effects against @entity1 in @entity2 neurons.

title: Pre-ischemic exercise reduces apoptosis in hippocampal @entity2 cells after cerebral ischemia by modulation of the XXXX / @entity3 proteins ratio and prevention of @entity5 activation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 induces physiological alterations in neurons that lead to cell death. This study investigated the effects of pre-ischemic exercise on @entity2 neurons. @entity0 were divided into three groups. Animals in the exercise group were trained 5  days a week for 4  weeks. @entity1 was induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries (CCAs) for 20  min. Apoptotic cell death was detected by TUNEL assay. Furthermore, expression of different proteins was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly increased in the @entity1 group, but pre-ischemic exercise significantly reduced apoptotic cell death (P  <  0.001). In addition, our results showed a significant increase in the @entity4 / @entity3 ratio in the @entity1 group. Pre-ischemic exercise attenuated this ratio (P  <  0.05). Furthermore, the number of active @entity5 -positive neurons was significantly increased in the @entity1 group, which was reduced markedly by exercise preconditioning (P  <  0.05). This study showed that pre-ischemic exercise can exert neuroprotective effects against @entity1 in @entity2 neurons.

title: Pre-ischemic exercise reduces apoptosis in hippocampal @entity2 cells after cerebral ischemia by modulation of the @entity4 / @entity3 proteins ratio and prevention of XXXX activation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 induces physiological alterations in neurons that lead to cell death. This study investigated the effects of pre-ischemic exercise on @entity2 neurons. @entity0 were divided into three groups. Animals in the exercise group were trained 5  days a week for 4  weeks. @entity1 was induced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries (CCAs) for 20  min. Apoptotic cell death was detected by TUNEL assay. Furthermore, expression of different proteins was determined by immunohistochemical staining. The number of TUNEL-positive cells was significantly increased in the @entity1 group, but pre-ischemic exercise significantly reduced apoptotic cell death (P  <  0.001). In addition, our results showed a significant increase in the @entity4 / @entity3 ratio in the @entity1 group. Pre-ischemic exercise attenuated this ratio (P  <  0.05). Furthermore, the number of active @entity5 -positive neurons was significantly increased in the @entity1 group, which was reduced markedly by exercise preconditioning (P  <  0.05). This study showed that pre-ischemic exercise can exert neuroprotective effects against @entity1 in @entity2 neurons.

title: Pre-ischemic exercise reduces apoptosis in hippocampal XXXX cells after cerebral ischemia by modulation of the @entity4 / @entity3 proteins ratio and prevention of @entity5 activation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity11 (y-T3) is a member of the @entity3 family. @entity4 (T3s) are powerful antioxidants and possess anticancer, neuroprotective and @entity2 -lowering properties. @entity4 inhibit the growth of various @entity1 cell lines without affecting normal cells. Less is known about the exact mechanisms of action of T3s on cell death and other growth inhibitory pathways. In the present study, we demonstrate that y-T3 induces apoptosis in MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 @entity0 cells as evident by @entity7 cleavage and @entity9 activation. Gene expression analysis of MCF-7 cells treated with y-T3 revealed alterations in the expression of multiple genes involved in cell growth and proliferation, cell death, cell cycle, cellular development, cellular movement and gene expression. Further analysis of differentially modulated genes using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software suggested modulation of canonical signal transduction or metabolic pathways such as @entity8 -mediated oxidative stress response, @entity5 signaling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Analysis of ER-stress-related proteins in MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 cells treated with y-T3 demonstrated activation of @entity6 and pIRE1a pathway to induce ER stress. @entity10 ( @entity10 ) was identified as the most up-regulated gene (16.8-fold) in response to y-T3. @entity10 knockdown using siRNA suggested an essential role of @entity10 in y-T3-induced apoptosis. In summary, we demonstrate that y-T3 modulates ER stress signaling and have identified @entity10 as a molecular target for y-T3 in @entity0 cells.

title: Gamma- @entity4 induced apoptosis is associated with unfolded protein response in human XXXX cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity11 (y-T3) is a member of the @entity3 family. @entity4 (T3s) are powerful antioxidants and possess anticancer, neuroprotective and @entity2 -lowering properties. @entity4 inhibit the growth of various @entity1 cell lines without affecting normal cells. Less is known about the exact mechanisms of action of T3s on cell death and other growth inhibitory pathways. In the present study, we demonstrate that y-T3 induces apoptosis in MDA-MB 231 and MCF-7 @entity0 cells as evident by @entity7 cleavage and @entity9 activation. Gene expression analysis of MCF-7 cells treated with y-T3 revealed alterations in the expression of multiple genes involved in cell growth and proliferation, cell death, cell cycle, cellular development, cellular movement and gene expression. Further analysis of differentially modulated genes using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software suggested modulation of canonical signal transduction or metabolic pathways such as @entity8 -mediated oxidative stress response, @entity5 signaling and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. Analysis of ER-stress-related proteins in MCF-7 and MDA-MB 231 cells treated with y-T3 demonstrated activation of @entity6 and pIRE1a pathway to induce ER stress. @entity10 ( @entity10 ) was identified as the most up-regulated gene (16.8-fold) in response to y-T3. @entity10 knockdown using siRNA suggested an essential role of @entity10 in y-T3-induced apoptosis. In summary, we demonstrate that y-T3 modulates ER stress signaling and have identified @entity10 as a molecular target for y-T3 in @entity0 cells.

title: Gamma- XXXX induced apoptosis is associated with unfolded protein response in human @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The French-speaking Community of Belgium has set up a register of @entity3 (1983-2007). The aim consists in analyzing the evolution of fatal and non-fatal acute coronary events rates as well as the 28 days case fatality on a 25-year period and examine sex differences in lethality. METHODS: This register assures a standardized procedure according to the MONICA criteria. For each period, we present attack rates and trends analysis. @entity1 takes again in- @entity0 and community lethality is calculated starting from all the cases. RESULTS: The total attack rate is rather stable between 1983 and 2007 for @entity0 (from 12 to 19 per 10,000 residents). For @entity0 , there is a distinct decline of the total attack rate since 1991 till 1993 (63 to 43 per 10,000 residents). We systematically observe a reduction in risk between @entity0 and @entity0 according to the age. For each 5-year period, this risk decreases significantly with age and this difference is strongest during the periods 1993-1997 and 1998-2002. The analysis shows also a significant decline in lethality between the 1983-1987 and 1993-1997 periods. Among @entity0 , lethality is systematically higher than in @entity0 in spite of the presence or the absence of antecedents of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Favourable evolutions in the attack rates of acute coronary events in the study population appear clearly on the 25-year period of observation. The whole lethality rates decreased during the first 15 years of the register; after that, it stabilized.

title: Gender differences in acute XXXX , twenty-five years registration.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Microdialysis can detect @entity1 in soft tissue. In a previous study, we have shown the development of @entity1 in the femoral head removed from @entity0 undergoing total hip replacement. That study also raised some methodological questions that this study tries to answer: what is happening in the dead space around the catheter in the drill canal, and is there an equilibrium period after the insertion of the catheter? MATERIAL AND METHODS: In an ex-vivo study using 5 syringes with 5 mL @entity0 blood, a microdialysis catheter was inserted and microdialysis was performed over 3 h. In an in-vivo study, a drill hole was made in the proximal part of the femur in 6 mature G  ttingen minipigs and microdialysis was performed over 3 h. The @entity5 were kept normoventilated during the experiment. RESULTS: The ex-vivo microdialysis results showed that @entity4 kept a steady level and @entity2 and @entity3 both fell; @entity6 fell but leveled out. The mean @entity4 / @entity6 ratio increased from 13 (SD 4) to 32 (SD 6) (p < 0.001). In vivo, relative recovery was 57% (SD 11). @entity4 increased, @entity6 stayed constant, and @entity2 and @entity3 levels fell. The @entity4 / @entity6 ratio increased from 30 (8) initially to 37 (8) after 1 h (p = 0.007) but no statistically significant change from 1 to 2 h was observed. INTERPRETATION: The ex-vivo study showed a clear washout pattern, and was different from what we see in bone. The in-vivo study indicated that an equilibrium period is necessary or that a reference measurement in healthy bone must be used when performing short measurements in bone.

title: Microdialysis in the femoral head of the minipig and in a blood cloth of XXXX blood.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity9 results from @entity1 triggered by an environmental allergen. Symptoms include wheezing, @entity7 and cough, airway narrowing and/or hyperresponsiveness to several inhaled stimuli. Inflammation develops in a two-phase fashion. The first phase after exposure to the allergen consists of degranulation and release of both @entity3 and other stored preformed inflammatory mediators as well as newly synthesized ones, including cytokines, all of which increase mucus secretion and smooth muscle contraction. The second phase occurs later and lasts longer; it is due to different molecules: several cytokines and chemokines, @entity8 derivatives, enzymes such as metalloproteinases and cell adhesion molecules. Cytokines are key players in the @entity1 in @entity6 @entity0 , but details on their role and interactions still remain undetermined. Recent evidence suggests that @entity2 is a multifaceted @entity5 actively controlled by effector as well as regulatory T cells (Tregs). T helper (Th) 2 cells and Th17 cells increase @entity1 , while Tregs are anti- inflammatory. Cytokines are involved in the development and activation of all T cell subpopulations. They are also involved directly or indirectly in most approaches to @entity6 treatment. Several cytokines have been tested as therapeutic targets and some of the currently used therapies like @entity4 , beta agonists and allergen immunotherapy affect cytokine production. The increased knowledge on cytokine interplay and lymphocyte subsets should generate new therapeutic strategies in the near future.

title: The role of cytokines in XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to challenge the activity of a promising intravesical drug ( @entity1 ), administered at an intensive regimen (2,000 mg twice a week for 6 weeks) in treatment na  ve CIS of the bladder and to observe side-effects. The statistical design was conceived to provide sufficient information through the enrollment of a low number of @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Primary, secondary, and concurrent CIS with no prior intravesical therapy were eligible. Treatment schedule: 2000 mg @entity1 in 50 ml saline, unbuffered, for 1 hour twice a week for 6 weeks. Complete response (CR) = negative cytology and negative cystoscopy + bladder mapping at 3 months. Failure (FA) = all other situations. Side-effects were recorded according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE). STUDY DESIGN: A 3-stage design. After testing the drug on 11 @entity0 in the first stage, the trial had to be terminated if 3 or fewer CRs. After testing the drug on 21 @entity0 in the first and second stages, the trial had to be terminated if 7 or fewer CRs. After testing the drug on 32 @entity0 in all 3 stages, the drug was considered active in case of >12 CRs. Survival data up to 4 years from trial closure were collected. RESULTS: The study proceeded to stage II since 5/11 responded at stage I but it was stopped after including 18 @entity0 due to side-effects; 6/18 had primary CIS, 7 had secondary CIS, and 5 concomitant @entity5 /18 (33.3%) had grade 3 side-effects (4 G3 @entity4 , 3 G3 @entity3 ), leading to stopping the treatment in all 6 cases. CRs were observed in 8/18 @entity0 (44.4%), FA in 10/18 (55.5%). Median overall survival (OS) was 44 months with a 4-year cancer-specific survival of 100%. CONCLUSION: Biweekly @entity1 as first line treatment for CIS led to excess @entity2 and suboptimal activity. Due to the peculiar statistical design, a negative response was generated enrolling a low number of @entity0 . The absolute 4-year CSS suggests that no window of opportunity for disease cure may have been lost by assessing a new, non standard, treatment for CIS.

title: Phase II study of biweekly XXXX as first line therapy in CIS of the bladder: what does an aborted trial tell us?

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Commonly cited data promoting @entity10 ( @entity10 ) as safe and efficacious are typically published by single centers, affiliated with teaching institutions with a high volume of cases, but @entity10 is not universally performed at these hospitals. The purpose of this study is to assess where these procedures are being done and to compare pre-operative comorbidities and post-operative outcomes between high-and low-volume centers using a state-wide inpatient database. METHODS: This is a retrospective study using data from the North Carolina Hospital Association @entity0 Data System. Selected @entity0 include adults (>17  years old) that have undergone @entity10 for @entity3 as an inpatient from 2005 to 2008. @entity0 that underwent operative management for emergent purposes or had associated diagnoses of @entity5 or @entity8 were excluded from the study. High-volume centers were defined as institutions that performed ten or more LNFs per year averaged over a period of 4  years. Comparative statistics were performed on comorbidities and complications between high- and low-volume centers. RESULTS: A total of 1,019 @entity0 underwent @entity10 for @entity3 in North Carolina between 2005 and 2008 in the inpatient setting. High-volume centers performed 530 LNFs (52%) while low-volume centers performed 489 LNFs (48%). @entity0 at high-volume centers were older (median 52.5  years old vs. 49.0  years old, p   =   0.019), had a higher incidence of @entity1 (13.4% vs. 8.8%, p   =   0.026), @entity7 (5.1% vs. 2.0 %, p   =   0.015), @entity4 (9.6% vs. 4.7%, p   =   0.004), and @entity9 (2.8% vs. 0.8%, p   =   0.03). @entity0 with a history of transplantation were also more likely to undergo @entity10 at a high-volume center (15.8% vs. 1.6%, p   <   0.0001). There were no deaths among the two groups and also no difference between median length of stay (2.7  days for high-volume center vs. 2.6  days for low-volume center). @entity2 had a higher incidence of intraoperative accidental puncture or laceration (3.3% vs. 0.9%, p   =   0.017) while high-volume centers had a higher incidence of @entity6 (5.3% vs. 2.5%, p   =   0.031). CONCLUSION: A significant proportion of the LNFs in North Carolina are performed at low-volume centers. High-volume centers perform @entity10 on older @entity0 with more comorbidities. @entity2 have three times more accidental perforations, yet there is no detectable difference in mortality or median length of stay. It is impossible to tell if these perforations are managed at these low-volume centers or transferred to facilities with a higher level of care. These findings argue for regionalization of @entity10 and for a reevaluation of the global safety of this operation.

title: A comparison of pre-operative comorbidities and post-operative outcomes among XXXX undergoing laparoscopic nissen fundoplication at high- and low-volume centers.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 is the leading cause of global mortality, yet its early detection remains a vexing problem of modern medicine. Although the computed tomography (CT) @entity2 score predicts cardiovascular risk, relatively high cost ( 250-400) and radiation dose (1-3 @entity4 ) limit its universal utility as a screening tool. Dual-energy digital subtraction radiography (DE; < 60, 0.07 @entity4 ) enables detection of calcified structures with high sensitivity. In this pilot study, we examined DE radiography's ability to quantify @entity3 (CAC). We identified 25 @entity0 who underwent non-contrast CT and DE chest imaging performed within 12 months using documented CAC as the major inclusion criteria. A DE @entity2 score was developed based on pixel intensity multiplied by the area of the calcified plaque. DE scores were plotted against CT scores. Subsequently, a validation cohort of 14 additional @entity0 was independently evaluated to confirm the accuracy and precision of CAC quantification, yielding a total of 39 subjects. Among all subjects (n   =   39), the DE score demonstrated a correlation coefficient of 0.87 (p   <   0.0001) when compared with the CT score. For the 13 @entity0 with CT scores of <400, the correlation coefficient was -0.26. For the 26 @entity0 with CT scores of >= 400, the correlation coefficient yielded 0.86. This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of DE radiography to identify @entity0 at the highest cardiovascular risk. DE radiography's accuracy at lower scores remains unclear. Further evaluation of DE radiography as an inexpensive and low-radiation imaging tool to diagnose @entity1 appears warranted.

title: Assessment of coronary artery XXXX using dual-energy subtraction digital radiography.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of severe, early onset @entity3 on long-term maternal psychosocial outcome after @entity2 . METHODS: @entity0 with severe, early onset @entity3 before 32 weeks' gestation (cases) admitted in a tertiary university referral center between 1993 and 2004, and @entity0 with @entity4 without @entity3 (controls), matched for age, parity, gestational age at delivery, ethnicity, and year of delivery. @entity0 who consented to participation received three questionnaires in 2008 concerning @entity1 (Zung Depression Scale: score range 0-20; 20 items with 2-point frequency scale: no=0 and @entity5 ), posttraumatic stress symptoms (Impact of Event Scale: score range 0-75; 15 items with 4-point frequency scale: not at all=0, rarely=1, sometimes=3 and often=5. Scores>19 are regarded as high symptom levels), and social aspects (Social Readjustment Rating Scale: selection of six items concerning relational aspects with husband/partner, employer, or future family planning). RESULTS: Included in the study were 104 cases and 78 controls (response rate 79% and 58%, respectively). There was no difference in @entity1 scores between cases (5.4    4.0) and controls (5.4    4.3). @entity0 with severe, early onset @entity3 had significantly higher scores of posttraumatic stress symptoms (28.7    8.6 vs. 25.7    7.9). The majority of @entity0 among both cases and controls had high-posttraumatic stress symptom levels (88% vs. 79%). No differences could be found in relational aspects. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity2 due to severe, early onset @entity3 experience more often posttraumatic stress symptoms on average 7 years after the pregnancy compared to @entity0 with @entity2 without @entity3 .

title: Maternal psychosocial outcome after early onset XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of severe, early onset @entity3 on long-term maternal psychosocial outcome after @entity2 . METHODS: @entity0 with severe, early onset @entity3 before 32 weeks' gestation (cases) admitted in a tertiary university referral center between 1993 and 2004, and @entity0 with @entity4 without @entity3 (controls), matched for age, parity, gestational age at delivery, ethnicity, and year of delivery. @entity0 who consented to participation received three questionnaires in 2008 concerning @entity1 (Zung Depression Scale: score range 0-20; 20 items with 2-point frequency scale: no=0 and @entity5 ), posttraumatic stress symptoms (Impact of Event Scale: score range 0-75; 15 items with 4-point frequency scale: not at all=0, rarely=1, sometimes=3 and often=5. Scores>19 are regarded as high symptom levels), and social aspects (Social Readjustment Rating Scale: selection of six items concerning relational aspects with husband/partner, employer, or future family planning). RESULTS: Included in the study were 104 cases and 78 controls (response rate 79% and 58%, respectively). There was no difference in @entity1 scores between cases (5.4    4.0) and controls (5.4    4.3). @entity0 with severe, early onset @entity3 had significantly higher scores of posttraumatic stress symptoms (28.7    8.6 vs. 25.7    7.9). The majority of @entity0 among both cases and controls had high-posttraumatic stress symptom levels (88% vs. 79%). No differences could be found in relational aspects. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity2 due to severe, early onset @entity3 experience more often posttraumatic stress symptoms on average 7 years after the pregnancy compared to @entity0 with @entity2 without @entity3 .

title: Maternal psychosocial outcome after early onset @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is the most @entity3 , whose incidence is rising gradually. It usually occurs in pre-existing lesions in photo-exposed areas of the skin, and, despite its occurrence across a broad age range, its appearance prevails among the elderly. It has a tendency to metastasize rapidly. Secondary lesions are often located on mucous membranes including the conjunctiva, which in turn leads to higher mortality. Despite significant achievements in @entity1 diagnostics, explicit verification of a possible @entity2 is achieved by surgical removal of the lesion and its subsequent detailed histopathology. The prognosis for @entity0 is determined by the stage of the @entity1 , @entity1 thickness and the presence or absence of additional risk factors, respectively. We present the case of a 39-year old female @entity0 who was diagnosed with @entity2 of the left shoulder with a @entity1 thickness of 1 mm. No further microscopic prognostic criteria were described in the histological report. The lack of additional histopathological criteria in the pathologist  s report, such as mitotic activity and angio-lymphatic invasion from a lesion with this sort of @entity1 thickness, is followed almost always by risky or inadequate diagnostic and therapeutic decisions that may have fatal consequences for @entity0 . The newly created Association for Dermatohistopathologic Control, Reevaluation and Subsequent Therapeutic Reccomendation in Sofia, Bulgaria aims to focus attention on these errors, in order to promote a unified histopathologic assessment of @entity3 in accordance with generally accepted European and World standards. This should ultimately help the clinician by increasing the efficiency of subsequent diagnostic and therapeutic decisions.

title: XXXX associated with pigmented ocular tumor: second documented problematic case from the board of   adcrstr-association for dermatohistopathologic control, re-evaluation and subsequent therapeutic recommendations  .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if @entity1 regression following treatment with @entity6 correlates with the presence of sensitizing mutations in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with resectable stage I and II @entity5 ( @entity5 ) enriched for the likelihood of @entity3 mutation ( <= 15 pack-year cigarette smoking history and/or a component of @entity2 ) received preoperative @entity6 for 21 days. Tumor specimens were analyzed for @entity3 and @entity4 mutations and @entity3 protein expression and amplification. @entity0 with 25% or more reduction in @entity1 size measured bidimensionally at 3 weeks and/or @entity0 with an @entity3 mutation received adjuvant @entity6 for 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS: Fifty @entity0 with stage I/II @entity5 were treated. After 21 days of preoperative @entity6 a response of 25% or more was observed in 21 of 50 (42%) @entity0 . Seventeen of 21 @entity0 with a response had an @entity3 mutation and 4 of 21 @entity0 with a response did not (P = 0.0001). Twenty-five of 50 @entity0 were eligible to receive adjuvant @entity6 . With a median follow-up of 44.1 months, 2-year disease free survival for @entity3 mutant @entity0 and for those who received adjuvant @entity6 was not statistically different than those who were @entity3 wild-type and those who did not receive adjuvant @entity6 . The median disease free and overall survivals have not been reached. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of sensitizing @entity3 mutations correlates with radiographic response. A short course of preoperative treatment serves a platform for evaluating activity of new agents and assures sufficient @entity1 availability for correlative analyses.

title: Molecular characteristics predict clinical outcomes: prospective trial correlating response to the @entity3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor @entity6 with the presence of sensitizing mutations in the tyrosine binding domain of the XXXX gene.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if @entity1 regression following treatment with @entity6 correlates with the presence of sensitizing mutations in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with resectable stage I and II @entity5 ( @entity5 ) enriched for the likelihood of @entity3 mutation ( <= 15 pack-year cigarette smoking history and/or a component of @entity2 ) received preoperative @entity6 for 21 days. Tumor specimens were analyzed for @entity3 and @entity4 mutations and @entity3 protein expression and amplification. @entity0 with 25% or more reduction in @entity1 size measured bidimensionally at 3 weeks and/or @entity0 with an @entity3 mutation received adjuvant @entity6 for 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS: Fifty @entity0 with stage I/II @entity5 were treated. After 21 days of preoperative @entity6 a response of 25% or more was observed in 21 of 50 (42%) @entity0 . Seventeen of 21 @entity0 with a response had an @entity3 mutation and 4 of 21 @entity0 with a response did not (P = 0.0001). Twenty-five of 50 @entity0 were eligible to receive adjuvant @entity6 . With a median follow-up of 44.1 months, 2-year disease free survival for @entity3 mutant @entity0 and for those who received adjuvant @entity6 was not statistically different than those who were @entity3 wild-type and those who did not receive adjuvant @entity6 . The median disease free and overall survivals have not been reached. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of sensitizing @entity3 mutations correlates with radiographic response. A short course of preoperative treatment serves a platform for evaluating activity of new agents and assures sufficient @entity1 availability for correlative analyses.

title: Molecular characteristics predict clinical outcomes: prospective trial correlating response to the XXXX tyrosine kinase inhibitor @entity6 with the presence of sensitizing mutations in the tyrosine binding domain of the @entity3 gene.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine if @entity1 regression following treatment with @entity6 correlates with the presence of sensitizing mutations in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with resectable stage I and II @entity5 ( @entity5 ) enriched for the likelihood of @entity3 mutation ( <= 15 pack-year cigarette smoking history and/or a component of @entity2 ) received preoperative @entity6 for 21 days. Tumor specimens were analyzed for @entity3 and @entity4 mutations and @entity3 protein expression and amplification. @entity0 with 25% or more reduction in @entity1 size measured bidimensionally at 3 weeks and/or @entity0 with an @entity3 mutation received adjuvant @entity6 for 2 years postoperatively. RESULTS: Fifty @entity0 with stage I/II @entity5 were treated. After 21 days of preoperative @entity6 a response of 25% or more was observed in 21 of 50 (42%) @entity0 . Seventeen of 21 @entity0 with a response had an @entity3 mutation and 4 of 21 @entity0 with a response did not (P = 0.0001). Twenty-five of 50 @entity0 were eligible to receive adjuvant @entity6 . With a median follow-up of 44.1 months, 2-year disease free survival for @entity3 mutant @entity0 and for those who received adjuvant @entity6 was not statistically different than those who were @entity3 wild-type and those who did not receive adjuvant @entity6 . The median disease free and overall survivals have not been reached. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of sensitizing @entity3 mutations correlates with radiographic response. A short course of preoperative treatment serves a platform for evaluating activity of new agents and assures sufficient @entity1 availability for correlative analyses.

title: Molecular characteristics predict clinical outcomes: prospective trial correlating response to the @entity3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor XXXX with the presence of sensitizing mutations in the tyrosine binding domain of the @entity3 gene.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity10 -induced @entity7 (ACT) is a well-known serious adverse drug reaction leading to substantial morbidity. The purpose of this study was to assess ACT occurrence and clinical and genetic risk factors in early @entity0 @entity1 . In 6 genes of interest ( @entity13 , @entity11 , @entity5 , @entity15 , @entity14 , @entity16 ), 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in ACT were selected based on a literature search. Eight hundred and seventy-seven @entity1 treated between 2000 and 2010 with 3-6 cycles of (neo) adjuvant @entity9 , @entity6 and @entity3 (FEC) were genotyped for these SNPs using Sequenom MassARRAY. Main outcome measures were asymptomatic decrease of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) > 10 % and @entity2 grade 3-5 (CTCAE 4.0). To evaluate the impact of these 10 SNPs as well as clinical factors (age, relative dose intensity of @entity6 , left-sided radiotherapy, occurrence of @entity8 , and planned and received cycles of @entity6 ) on decrease of @entity4 and @entity2 , we performed uni- and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Additionally, exploratory analyses including 11 additional SNPs related to the metabolism of @entity12 were performed. After a median follow-up of 3.62 years (range 0.40-9.60), a @entity4 decline of > 10 % occurred in 153 @entity1 (17.5 %) and @entity2 in 16 @entity1 (1.8 %). In multivariable analysis, six cycles of FEC compared to three cycles received and heterozygous carriers of the @entity17 T-allele in @entity13 relative to homozygous carriers of the T-allele were significantly associated with @entity4 decline of > 10 % (OR 1.3, 95 % CI 1.1-1.4, p < 0.001 and OR 1.6, 95 % CI 1.1-2.3, p = 0.02). Radiotherapy for left-sided @entity0 was associated with @entity2 (OR 3.7, 95 % CI 1.2-11.5, p 0.026). The other 9 SNPs and clinical factors tested were not significantly associated. In our exploratory analysis, no other SNPs related to @entity10 metabolism were retained in the multivariate model for prediction of @entity4 decline. ACT in @entity0 @entity1 is related to number of received cycles of @entity6 and left-sided radiotherapy. Additional studies should be performed to independently confirm the potential association between @entity17 in @entity13 and @entity4 .

title: Clinical and genetic risk factors for XXXX -induced @entity7 in early @entity0 @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity10 -induced @entity7 (ACT) is a well-known serious adverse drug reaction leading to substantial morbidity. The purpose of this study was to assess ACT occurrence and clinical and genetic risk factors in early @entity0 @entity1 . In 6 genes of interest ( @entity13 , @entity11 , @entity5 , @entity15 , @entity14 , @entity16 ), 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in ACT were selected based on a literature search. Eight hundred and seventy-seven @entity1 treated between 2000 and 2010 with 3-6 cycles of (neo) adjuvant @entity9 , @entity6 and @entity3 (FEC) were genotyped for these SNPs using Sequenom MassARRAY. Main outcome measures were asymptomatic decrease of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) > 10 % and @entity2 grade 3-5 (CTCAE 4.0). To evaluate the impact of these 10 SNPs as well as clinical factors (age, relative dose intensity of @entity6 , left-sided radiotherapy, occurrence of @entity8 , and planned and received cycles of @entity6 ) on decrease of @entity4 and @entity2 , we performed uni- and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Additionally, exploratory analyses including 11 additional SNPs related to the metabolism of @entity12 were performed. After a median follow-up of 3.62 years (range 0.40-9.60), a @entity4 decline of > 10 % occurred in 153 @entity1 (17.5 %) and @entity2 in 16 @entity1 (1.8 %). In multivariable analysis, six cycles of FEC compared to three cycles received and heterozygous carriers of the @entity17 T-allele in @entity13 relative to homozygous carriers of the T-allele were significantly associated with @entity4 decline of > 10 % (OR 1.3, 95 % CI 1.1-1.4, p < 0.001 and OR 1.6, 95 % CI 1.1-2.3, p = 0.02). Radiotherapy for left-sided @entity0 was associated with @entity2 (OR 3.7, 95 % CI 1.2-11.5, p 0.026). The other 9 SNPs and clinical factors tested were not significantly associated. In our exploratory analysis, no other SNPs related to @entity10 metabolism were retained in the multivariate model for prediction of @entity4 decline. ACT in @entity0 @entity1 is related to number of received cycles of @entity6 and left-sided radiotherapy. Additional studies should be performed to independently confirm the potential association between @entity17 in @entity13 and @entity4 .

title: Clinical and genetic risk factors for @entity6 -induced XXXX in early @entity0 @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity10 -induced @entity7 (ACT) is a well-known serious adverse drug reaction leading to substantial morbidity. The purpose of this study was to assess ACT occurrence and clinical and genetic risk factors in early @entity0 @entity1 . In 6 genes of interest ( @entity13 , @entity11 , @entity5 , @entity15 , @entity14 , @entity16 ), 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in ACT were selected based on a literature search. Eight hundred and seventy-seven @entity1 treated between 2000 and 2010 with 3-6 cycles of (neo) adjuvant @entity9 , @entity6 and @entity3 (FEC) were genotyped for these SNPs using Sequenom MassARRAY. Main outcome measures were asymptomatic decrease of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) > 10 % and @entity2 grade 3-5 (CTCAE 4.0). To evaluate the impact of these 10 SNPs as well as clinical factors (age, relative dose intensity of @entity6 , left-sided radiotherapy, occurrence of @entity8 , and planned and received cycles of @entity6 ) on decrease of @entity4 and @entity2 , we performed uni- and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Additionally, exploratory analyses including 11 additional SNPs related to the metabolism of @entity12 were performed. After a median follow-up of 3.62 years (range 0.40-9.60), a @entity4 decline of > 10 % occurred in 153 @entity1 (17.5 %) and @entity2 in 16 @entity1 (1.8 %). In multivariable analysis, six cycles of FEC compared to three cycles received and heterozygous carriers of the @entity17 T-allele in @entity13 relative to homozygous carriers of the T-allele were significantly associated with @entity4 decline of > 10 % (OR 1.3, 95 % CI 1.1-1.4, p < 0.001 and OR 1.6, 95 % CI 1.1-2.3, p = 0.02). Radiotherapy for left-sided @entity0 was associated with @entity2 (OR 3.7, 95 % CI 1.2-11.5, p 0.026). The other 9 SNPs and clinical factors tested were not significantly associated. In our exploratory analysis, no other SNPs related to @entity10 metabolism were retained in the multivariate model for prediction of @entity4 decline. ACT in @entity0 @entity1 is related to number of received cycles of @entity6 and left-sided radiotherapy. Additional studies should be performed to independently confirm the potential association between @entity17 in @entity13 and @entity4 .

title: Clinical and genetic risk factors for @entity6 -induced @entity7 in early XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity10 -induced @entity7 (ACT) is a well-known serious adverse drug reaction leading to substantial morbidity. The purpose of this study was to assess ACT occurrence and clinical and genetic risk factors in early @entity0 @entity1 . In 6 genes of interest ( @entity13 , @entity11 , @entity5 , @entity15 , @entity14 , @entity16 ), 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in ACT were selected based on a literature search. Eight hundred and seventy-seven @entity1 treated between 2000 and 2010 with 3-6 cycles of (neo) adjuvant @entity9 , @entity6 and @entity3 (FEC) were genotyped for these SNPs using Sequenom MassARRAY. Main outcome measures were asymptomatic decrease of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) > 10 % and @entity2 grade 3-5 (CTCAE 4.0). To evaluate the impact of these 10 SNPs as well as clinical factors (age, relative dose intensity of @entity6 , left-sided radiotherapy, occurrence of @entity8 , and planned and received cycles of @entity6 ) on decrease of @entity4 and @entity2 , we performed uni- and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Additionally, exploratory analyses including 11 additional SNPs related to the metabolism of @entity12 were performed. After a median follow-up of 3.62 years (range 0.40-9.60), a @entity4 decline of > 10 % occurred in 153 @entity1 (17.5 %) and @entity2 in 16 @entity1 (1.8 %). In multivariable analysis, six cycles of FEC compared to three cycles received and heterozygous carriers of the @entity17 T-allele in @entity13 relative to homozygous carriers of the T-allele were significantly associated with @entity4 decline of > 10 % (OR 1.3, 95 % CI 1.1-1.4, p < 0.001 and OR 1.6, 95 % CI 1.1-2.3, p = 0.02). Radiotherapy for left-sided @entity0 was associated with @entity2 (OR 3.7, 95 % CI 1.2-11.5, p 0.026). The other 9 SNPs and clinical factors tested were not significantly associated. In our exploratory analysis, no other SNPs related to @entity10 metabolism were retained in the multivariate model for prediction of @entity4 decline. ACT in @entity0 @entity1 is related to number of received cycles of @entity6 and left-sided radiotherapy. Additional studies should be performed to independently confirm the potential association between @entity17 in @entity13 and @entity4 .

title: Clinical and genetic risk factors for @entity6 -induced @entity7 in early @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Nonfibrillar neurotoxic amyloid b (Ab) oligomer structures are typically rich in b-sheets, which could be promoted by metal ions like @entity3 . Here, using @entity0 ( @entity0 ) simulations, we systematically examined combinations of Ab40 peptide conformations and @entity3 binding modes to probe the effects of secondary structure on Ab dimerization energies and kinetics. We found that random conformations do not contribute to dimerization either thermodynamically or kinetically. @entity3 couples with preformed secondary structures (a-helix and b-hairpin) to speed dimerization and stabilize the resulting dimer. Partial a-helices increase the dimerization speed, and dimers with a-helix rich conformations have the lowest energy. When @entity3 coordinates with residues D1, H6, @entity5 , and @entity4 , Ab40 b-hairpin monomers have the fastest dimerization speed. Dimers with experimentally observed @entity1 coordination ( @entity6 ) form with slower rate but have lower energy. @entity3 cannot stabilize fibril-like b-arch dimers. However, @entity3 -bound b-arch tetramers have the lowest energy. Collectively, @entity1 -stabilized b-hairpin oligomers could be important in the nucleation-polymerization of cross-b structures. Our results are consistent with experimental findings that a-helix to b-structural transition should accompany @entity2 in the presence of @entity1 ions and that @entity3 stabilizes nonfibrillar Ab oligomers and, thus, inhibits formation of less toxic Ab fibrils.

title: Coupling of XXXX -Binding and Secondary Structure in Nonfibrillar Ab40 Peptide Oligomerization.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the role of @entity4 oxidase-mediated reactive @entity3 species (ROS) production in @entity0 pathogenesis, we examined the effects of @entity9 , an @entity4 oxidase assembly inhibitor, on @entity7 ( @entity7 ). METHODS: @entity7 was induced by immunization with @entity8 ( @entity8 (35-55)) in C57BL/6 female @entity2 . Three weeks after initial immunization, the @entity2 were analyzed for @entity1 , immune cell infiltration, and ROS production. @entity9 (30  mg/kg) was given orally once daily for the entire experimental course or after the typical onset of clinical symptom (15  days after first @entity8 injection). RESULTS: Clinical signs of @entity7 first appeared on day 11 and reached a peak level on day 19 after the initial immunization. The daily clinical symptoms of @entity7 @entity2 were profoundly reduced by @entity9 . The @entity9 -mediated inhibition of the clinical course of @entity7 was accompanied by @entity1 , reduced infiltration by encephalitogenic immune cells including @entity5 , CD8, @entity10 , and @entity2 -positive cells. @entity9 reduced @entity8 -induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in cultured microglia. @entity9 also remarkably inhibited @entity7 -associated ROS production and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Furthermore, the present study found that post-treatment with @entity9 also reduced the clinical course of @entity7 and @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that @entity9 inhibits the clinical features and neuropathological changes associated with @entity7 . Therefore, the present study suggests that inhibition of @entity4 oxidase activation by @entity9 may have a high therapeutic potential for treatment of @entity0 pathogenesis.

title: Inhibition of XXXX oxidase activation reduces @entity7 -induced white matter damage in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the role of @entity4 oxidase-mediated reactive @entity3 species (ROS) production in @entity0 pathogenesis, we examined the effects of @entity9 , an @entity4 oxidase assembly inhibitor, on @entity7 ( @entity7 ). METHODS: @entity7 was induced by immunization with @entity8 ( @entity8 (35-55)) in C57BL/6 female @entity2 . Three weeks after initial immunization, the @entity2 were analyzed for @entity1 , immune cell infiltration, and ROS production. @entity9 (30  mg/kg) was given orally once daily for the entire experimental course or after the typical onset of clinical symptom (15  days after first @entity8 injection). RESULTS: Clinical signs of @entity7 first appeared on day 11 and reached a peak level on day 19 after the initial immunization. The daily clinical symptoms of @entity7 @entity2 were profoundly reduced by @entity9 . The @entity9 -mediated inhibition of the clinical course of @entity7 was accompanied by @entity1 , reduced infiltration by encephalitogenic immune cells including @entity5 , CD8, @entity10 , and @entity2 -positive cells. @entity9 reduced @entity8 -induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in cultured microglia. @entity9 also remarkably inhibited @entity7 -associated ROS production and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Furthermore, the present study found that post-treatment with @entity9 also reduced the clinical course of @entity7 and @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that @entity9 inhibits the clinical features and neuropathological changes associated with @entity7 . Therefore, the present study suggests that inhibition of @entity4 oxidase activation by @entity9 may have a high therapeutic potential for treatment of @entity0 pathogenesis.

title: Inhibition of @entity4 oxidase activation reduces XXXX -induced white matter damage in @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the role of @entity4 oxidase-mediated reactive @entity3 species (ROS) production in @entity0 pathogenesis, we examined the effects of @entity9 , an @entity4 oxidase assembly inhibitor, on @entity7 ( @entity7 ). METHODS: @entity7 was induced by immunization with @entity8 ( @entity8 (35-55)) in C57BL/6 female @entity2 . Three weeks after initial immunization, the @entity2 were analyzed for @entity1 , immune cell infiltration, and ROS production. @entity9 (30  mg/kg) was given orally once daily for the entire experimental course or after the typical onset of clinical symptom (15  days after first @entity8 injection). RESULTS: Clinical signs of @entity7 first appeared on day 11 and reached a peak level on day 19 after the initial immunization. The daily clinical symptoms of @entity7 @entity2 were profoundly reduced by @entity9 . The @entity9 -mediated inhibition of the clinical course of @entity7 was accompanied by @entity1 , reduced infiltration by encephalitogenic immune cells including @entity5 , CD8, @entity10 , and @entity2 -positive cells. @entity9 reduced @entity8 -induced pro-inflammatory cytokines in cultured microglia. @entity9 also remarkably inhibited @entity7 -associated ROS production and blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Furthermore, the present study found that post-treatment with @entity9 also reduced the clinical course of @entity7 and @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that @entity9 inhibits the clinical features and neuropathological changes associated with @entity7 . Therefore, the present study suggests that inhibition of @entity4 oxidase activation by @entity9 may have a high therapeutic potential for treatment of @entity0 pathogenesis.

title: Inhibition of @entity4 oxidase activation reduces @entity7 -induced white matter damage in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the surgery complications and laryngeal function sparing rate after preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy and preoperative radiotherapy of @entity1 . METHODS: Forty-six @entity0 with @entity3 of pyriform sinus from March 2002 to March 2009 were retrospectively analyzed. Concurrent chemotherapy with radiotherapy (CRT + S group) was conducted in twenty-three @entity0 . @entity2 (50 mg/weekly) was mostly applied. Twenty-three @entity0 were treated with radiation only (RT + S group). Surgery was conducted after a break-time of 21 - 44 days (median, 31 d) and 17 - 40 days (median, 28 d), respectively. RESULTS: The complication rate of CRT + S group and RT + S group were 30.4% and 39.1% respectively, no significant differences was found (  (2) = 0.099, P < 0.05). The one-year laryngeal function sparing rate of the two groups were 52.2% and 17.4% respectively, with significant differences (  (2) = 6.133, P < 0.05). The one-year local regional control rate and disease free survival rate for the CRT + S group were 89.9%, 71.1%, and for RT + S group were 56.3%, 47.1%, P level were 0.018 and 0.037, respectively. There was significant differences in one year local regional control rate and disease free survival rate between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The addition of concurrent chemotherapy to preoperative radiotherapy in @entity0 with @entity1 does not increase the incidence of surgery complications. Chemotherapy improves the remission rate and appears to increase the laryngeal function sparing rate. Preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy can improve the local and regional control, and certainly, more investigations will be needed.

title: [Clinical analysis of surgical complications after preoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Height is the result of many growth and development processes. Most of the genes associated with height are known to play a role in skeletal development. Single- @entity4 polymorphisms in the @entity6 gene have been associated with @entity0 height. However, it is not clear how this gene influences linear growth. Here we show that a targeted mutation in @entity7 leads to @entity2 . Hind limb length in mutants was significantly shorter than in wild-type @entity1 . Studies revealed differences in maturation of femur and tibia suggesting alterations in limb patterning. Morphometric studies showed increased bone formation evidenced by increased trabecular bone area and the ratio of bone area to total area, leading to reductions in the ratio of marrow area/total area in the femur. Micro-CTs and von Kossa staining demonstrated increased mineral in the femur. Moreover, @entity3 and @entity5 were more highly expressed in mutant @entity1 than in wild-type @entity1 femurs. These data suggest that femur bone shortening may be due to premature ossification. On the other hand, tibias appear to be shorter due to a delay in cartilage and bone development. Morphometric studies showed reduction in growth plate and bone formation. These defects did not affect bone mineralization, although the volume of primary bone and levels of @entity3 and @entity5 were higher. @entity2 were observed including fused sternebrae, reduced mineralization in the skull, medial and metacarpal phalanges. Primary cilia from chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) isolated from knockout @entity1 were shorter and fewer cells had primary cilia in comparison to cells from wild-type @entity1 . In addition, @entity7 knockdown in wild-type MEFs by @entity7 siRNA duplex reproduced the shorter primary cilia phenotype. Our findings disclosed unexpected functions for @entity7 in the regulation of skeletal growth and mineralization, perhaps because of its role in primary cilia of chondrocytes and osteoblasts.

title: @entity7 XXXX and bone abnormalities.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Height is the result of many growth and development processes. Most of the genes associated with height are known to play a role in skeletal development. Single- @entity4 polymorphisms in the @entity6 gene have been associated with @entity0 height. However, it is not clear how this gene influences linear growth. Here we show that a targeted mutation in @entity7 leads to @entity2 . Hind limb length in mutants was significantly shorter than in wild-type @entity1 . Studies revealed differences in maturation of femur and tibia suggesting alterations in limb patterning. Morphometric studies showed increased bone formation evidenced by increased trabecular bone area and the ratio of bone area to total area, leading to reductions in the ratio of marrow area/total area in the femur. Micro-CTs and von Kossa staining demonstrated increased mineral in the femur. Moreover, @entity3 and @entity5 were more highly expressed in mutant @entity1 than in wild-type @entity1 femurs. These data suggest that femur bone shortening may be due to premature ossification. On the other hand, tibias appear to be shorter due to a delay in cartilage and bone development. Morphometric studies showed reduction in growth plate and bone formation. These defects did not affect bone mineralization, although the volume of primary bone and levels of @entity3 and @entity5 were higher. @entity2 were observed including fused sternebrae, reduced mineralization in the skull, medial and metacarpal phalanges. Primary cilia from chondrocytes, osteoblasts, and embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) isolated from knockout @entity1 were shorter and fewer cells had primary cilia in comparison to cells from wild-type @entity1 . In addition, @entity7 knockdown in wild-type MEFs by @entity7 siRNA duplex reproduced the shorter primary cilia phenotype. Our findings disclosed unexpected functions for @entity7 in the regulation of skeletal growth and mineralization, perhaps because of its role in primary cilia of chondrocytes and osteoblasts.

title: XXXX @entity2 and bone abnormalities.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the research methods and baseline sample of the Talking About The Smokes (TATS) project. DESIGN: The TATS project is a collaboration between research institutions and Aboriginal community-controlled health services (ACCHSs) and their state and national representative bodies. It is one of the studies within the International @entity1 Control Policy Evaluation Project, enabling national and international comparisons. It includes a prospective longitudinal study of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smokers and recent ex-smokers; a survey of non-smokers; repeated cross-sectional surveys of ACCHS staff; and descriptions of the @entity1 policies and practices at the ACCHSs. Community members completed face-to-face surveys; staff completed surveys on paper or online. We compared potential biases and the distribution of variables common to the main community baseline sample and unweighted and weighted results of the 2008 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey (NATSISS). The baseline survey (Wave 1) was conducted between April 2012 and October 2013. SETTING AND @entity0 : 2522 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander @entity0 in 35 locations (the communities served by 34 ACCHSs and one community in the Torres Strait), and 645 staff in the ACCHSs. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sociodemographic and general health indicators, smoking status, number of cigarettes smoked per day and quit attempts. RESULTS: The main community baseline sample closely matched the distribution of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population in the weighted NATSISS by age, sex, jurisdiction and remoteness. There were inconsistent differences in some sociodemographic factors between our sample and the NATSISS: our sample had higher proportions of unemployed @entity0 , but also higher proportions who had completed Year 12 and who lived in more advantaged areas. In both surveys, similar percentages of smokers reported having attempted to quit in the past year, and daily smokers reported similar numbers of cigarettes smoked per day. CONCLUSION: The TATS project provides a detailed and nationally representative description of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander smoking behaviour, attitudes, knowledge and exposure to @entity1 control activities and policies, and their association with quitting.

title: Research methods of Talking About The Smokes: an International XXXX Control Policy Evaluation Project study with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians.

answer: @entity1