abstract: AIM: Occurrence of ocular motor @entity2 (OMCNP), following @entity1 , has not been reported in relation to the type of OMCNP seen and in relation to brain area affected by @entity1 . The aim of this study was to identify all @entity0 referred with suspected @entity3 to establish the presence and type of OMCNP. METHODS: Prospective, observation study with standardised referral and assessment forms across 20 sites. Visual assessment included visual acuity measurement, visual field assessment, ocular alignment, and movement and visual inattention assessment. Multicentre ethics approval and informed @entity0 consent was obtained. RESULTS: In total, 915 @entity0 were recruited with mean age of 69.18 years (SD 14.19). Altogether, 498 @entity0 (54%) were diagnosed with @entity5 . Of these, 89 @entity0 (18%) had OMCNP. Unilateral @entity7 was present in 23 @entity0 (26%), @entity9 in 14 @entity0 (16%), and @entity8 in 52 @entity0 (58%). Out of these, 44 @entity0 had isolated OMCNP and 45 had OMCNP combined with other @entity5 . Location of @entity1 was reported mainly in cerebellum, brain stem, thalamus, and internal and external capsules. Treatment was provided for each case including prisms, occlusion, typoscope, scanning exercises, and refraction. CONCLUSIONS: OMCNP account for 18% of eye @entity4 in this @entity1 sub-population. Sixth @entity10 was most common, followed by third and fourth @entity10 . Half were isolated and half combined with other @entity6 . Most were treated with prisms or occlusion. The reported brain area affected by @entity1 was typically the cerebellum, brain stem, and diencephalic structures.

title: Prevalence of ocular motor XXXX and associations following @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are implicated in development and prognosis of @entity4 so the genetic regulation of such cytokines could play an important role. OBJECTIVE: . This study was planned for testing the association of cytokine gene polymorphisms with susceptibility and clinical types of @entity4 among Egyptian cases. SUBJECTS: This study included 47 cases (29 @entity0 , 18 females, mean age = 46.3 years) with @entity4 in addition to 98 healthy unrelated controls (52 males, 46 females, mean age = 44.9 years). Cases were recruited from Leprosy Clinics, Delta region of Egypt. Cases were classified into paucibacillary (PB) (n = 17; 10 males, 7 females; mean age 42.6 years) and multibacillary (MB) (n = 29; 19 males, 10 females; mean age 43.9 years). METHODS: For all cases and controls, DNA was extracted and amplified using polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) for detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter regions of cytokine genes, TNF-a @entity6 , @entity2 @entity7 , @entity1 @entity5 as well as IL-1RaVNTR in intron 2 of the gene. RESULTS: COMPARED TO CONTROLS, ALL CASES HAVE SHOWN INCREASED FREQUENCY OF HOMOZYGOUS GENOTYPES : @entity2 -1082 (GG) (Odds ratio 6.6, P <0.05), homozygous TNF-a-308 (GG) (Odds ratio =3.23), and homozygous @entity3 (11) (Odds ratio = 3.6, P<0.05) with increased frequency of IL10 G and ILRa 1 alleles (P<0.05). BP subgroup showed increased frequency of homozygous @entity2 -1082 (GG) (Odds ratio = 18.6, P<0.05) with increased frequency of IL10 G allele (P<0.05). On the other hand, MB subgroup showed increased frequency of homozygous TNF-a-308 (GG) (Odds ratio = 5.84, P<0.05) and homozygous @entity3 (11) (Odds ratio = 4, P<0.05) with increased frequency of @entity3 1 allele (P<0.05). There is predominance for heterozygous @entity1 @entity5 polymorphism in all studies @entity0 subgroups as well as controls with no significant difference among them. CONCLUSION: Genetic polymorphisms related to TNF-a-308 and @entity2 -1082 and @entity3 may be used as genetic markers for susceptibility and clinical outcome of @entity4 among Egyptian cases from the Nile Delta.

title: Association of cytokine gene polymorphism with susceptibility and clinical types of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: To increase perfusion pressure with vasoactive drugs may be in conflict with the opinion of the reconstructive surgeon who maintains that the systemic administration of vasoactive agents causes vasoconstriction of the pedicle artery and the microvasculature. In free flap surgery, deliberate fluid therapy is used with a minimum of vasoactive drugs. This retrospective study was performed to analyse the perioperative fluid therapy, its effect on hemodynamic parameters and on the outcome of free flap surgery. One hundred and four @entity0 were included in this retrospective study. The muscle sparing free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap was used for breast reconstruction. Perioperative hemodynamic data was used for this study. Twenty-seven @entity0 had one or two complications requiring return to the operating room (OR). Two cases returned to the OR because of @entity1 ; in 11 @entity0 , the @entity2 was revised. The reason for surgery in the latter group was @entity5 , due to @entity4 formation at the venous @entity2 . The volume of fluid therapy was significantly higher in @entity0 who returned to the OR due to @entity4 formation at the @entity2 . Based on the results of this study, restricted intravenous fluid therapy or guided fluid therapy is recommended. Invasive monitoring such as central venous pressure and invasive arterial monitoring is recommended. @entity3 should be replaced, and fluid overload should be avoided when the breast is reconstructed using free-tissue transfers.

title: Perioperative fluid overload increases XXXX in the free TRAM flap used for breast reconstruction.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of different arm positioning techniques on thoracic and abdominal image quality and radiation dose of whole-body trauma CT (wbCT). One hundred and fifty @entity1 @entity0 (104 male, mean age 47    19) underwent wbCT with arms elevated above the head (group A, n=50), alongside the abdomen (group B, n=50), and on a pillow ventrally to the chest with both arms flexed (group C, n=50). Two blinded, independent observers measured image noise and rated image quality (scores 1-3) of the liver, aorta, spleen, spine, and lower lungs. Radiation dose parameters were noted, and the abdomens' anterior-posterior diameter and scan lengths were measured. Interreader agreements for image noise (r=0.86; p<0.001) and subjective image quality (k=0.71-0.84) were good. Noise was lower (p<0.05), image quality of the liver, aorta, spleen, and spine was higher, and radiation dose lower in group A than in groups B and C (p<0.001, each). Image quality of the spleen, liver, and aorta were higher in group C than in group B (p<0.05, each). No significant differences in scan length (p=0.61) were found among groups. Abdominal anterior-posterior diameter correlated significantly with noise (r=0.82; p<0.01) and dose (r=0.47; p<0.001). Estimated effective radiation doses were significantly (p<0.001) higher in groups B (21.2 @entity2 ) and C (21.9 @entity2 ) as compared to A (16.1 @entity2 ). In wbCT for @entity1 @entity0 , positioning of the arms above the head results in better image quality and lower radiation dose. Placing the flexed arms on a large pillow ventrally to the chest significantly improves image quality as compared to positioning alongside the abdomen.

title: Whole-body CT in XXXX @entity0 : effect of arm positioning on thoracic and abdominal image quality.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study is to assess the influence of different arm positioning techniques on thoracic and abdominal image quality and radiation dose of whole-body trauma CT (wbCT). One hundred and fifty @entity1 @entity0 (104 male, mean age 47    19) underwent wbCT with arms elevated above the head (group A, n=50), alongside the abdomen (group B, n=50), and on a pillow ventrally to the chest with both arms flexed (group C, n=50). Two blinded, independent observers measured image noise and rated image quality (scores 1-3) of the liver, aorta, spleen, spine, and lower lungs. Radiation dose parameters were noted, and the abdomens' anterior-posterior diameter and scan lengths were measured. Interreader agreements for image noise (r=0.86; p<0.001) and subjective image quality (k=0.71-0.84) were good. Noise was lower (p<0.05), image quality of the liver, aorta, spleen, and spine was higher, and radiation dose lower in group A than in groups B and C (p<0.001, each). Image quality of the spleen, liver, and aorta were higher in group C than in group B (p<0.05, each). No significant differences in scan length (p=0.61) were found among groups. Abdominal anterior-posterior diameter correlated significantly with noise (r=0.82; p<0.01) and dose (r=0.47; p<0.001). Estimated effective radiation doses were significantly (p<0.001) higher in groups B (21.2 @entity2 ) and C (21.9 @entity2 ) as compared to A (16.1 @entity2 ). In wbCT for @entity1 @entity0 , positioning of the arms above the head results in better image quality and lower radiation dose. Placing the flexed arms on a large pillow ventrally to the chest significantly improves image quality as compared to positioning alongside the abdomen.

title: Whole-body CT in @entity1 XXXX : effect of arm positioning on thoracic and abdominal image quality.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies addressing mesenteric and mesocolic lymph node @entity1 in @entity0 with advanced @entity3 that have undergone bowel resection are lacking. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in a series of 50 individuals who underwent surgical cytoreduction for @entity3 that included bowel resection from April 2004 to September 2010. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity0 had bowel resection with mesenteric lymph nodes that were suitable for analysis. Twenty-four (58.5%) @entity0 underwent retosigmoidectomies, 14 (34.1%) received other types of colectomies, and three (7.3%) underwent small bowel resection. There was serosal involvement in 14 cases (34.1%), muscularis propria invasion in 13 cases (31.7%), submucosa invasion in six cases (14.6%), and mucosa in eight cases (19.5%). Lymphatic invasion was observed in 24 @entity0 (58.5%). A median of 14 mesenteric lymph nodes were analyzed. Metastatic lymph nodes were observed in 29 (70.7%) cases. Invasion into the muscularis propria (P = 0.036), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.045), and retroperitoneal lymph node @entity1 (P = 0.002) correlated significantly with mesenteric lymph node involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Resection of regional lymph nodes of affected organs that is similar to surgical procedures that are performed for @entity2 is an appropriate, optimal debulking surgery for @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Surgical implications of mesenteric lymph node XXXX from advanced @entity3 after bowel resection.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies addressing mesenteric and mesocolic lymph node @entity1 in @entity0 with advanced @entity3 that have undergone bowel resection are lacking. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in a series of 50 individuals who underwent surgical cytoreduction for @entity3 that included bowel resection from April 2004 to September 2010. RESULTS: Forty-one @entity0 had bowel resection with mesenteric lymph nodes that were suitable for analysis. Twenty-four (58.5%) @entity0 underwent retosigmoidectomies, 14 (34.1%) received other types of colectomies, and three (7.3%) underwent small bowel resection. There was serosal involvement in 14 cases (34.1%), muscularis propria invasion in 13 cases (31.7%), submucosa invasion in six cases (14.6%), and mucosa in eight cases (19.5%). Lymphatic invasion was observed in 24 @entity0 (58.5%). A median of 14 mesenteric lymph nodes were analyzed. Metastatic lymph nodes were observed in 29 (70.7%) cases. Invasion into the muscularis propria (P = 0.036), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.045), and retroperitoneal lymph node @entity1 (P = 0.002) correlated significantly with mesenteric lymph node involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Resection of regional lymph nodes of affected organs that is similar to surgical procedures that are performed for @entity2 is an appropriate, optimal debulking surgery for @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Surgical implications of mesenteric lymph node @entity1 from advanced XXXX after bowel resection.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Thirty @entity0 suffering from acute @entity4 and treated from admission by peritoneal dialysis were studied. According to developments, 4 groups are defined. The first group consisted fo 14 @entity0 treated only by peritoneal dialysis, 3 died. The second group consisted of 7 @entity0 whose peritoneal dialysis was interrupted during hospitalization and who underwent differed surgery. The third group consisted of 5 @entity0 who were operated during the period of peritoneal dialysis, all died. Finally, the fourth group consisted of 4 @entity0 who were dialysed for a short period before emergency surgery, there were no deaths. Peritoneal dialysis, associated with other therapeutic measurements resulted in early improvement of abdominal and toxaemic signs such as @entity2 . @entity6 , observed in 5 @entity0 was reversible in two. Six out of eleven were weaned from assisted ventilation. This allowed the spontaneous resorption of peripancreatic @entity1 masses in four cases. Nevertheless it did not prevent the development of new @entity1 masses in 5 other cases nor @entity3 , seen in 4 cases. It is ineffective in the development of @entity5 which followed in 2 cases, during the course of treatment. In all, 11 @entity0 survived by medical peritoneal dialysis only. Of the 30 @entity0 , 19 survived or 63.4%. If the period between the first digestive signs and the installation of the peritoneal dialysis is less than or equal to 7 days, as seen in 21 cases, 15 @entity0 survived or 71.5%.

title: [Peritoneal dialysis treatment for acute XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity6 occurred in 9 cases in a series of 812 tracheostomized @entity0 , an incidence of 1.1%. Two additional stenoses had developed after orotracheal cuffed intubation. Two suprastomal, two stomal and seven infrastomal stenoses were confirmed. The @entity5 was diagnosed within 10 weeks of extubation in 10 @entity0 and 5 months after extubation in 1 case. The airway results were good after segmental resection and end to end @entity2 in 5 @entity0 ; satisfactory in 4 @entity0 after various dilatation procedures and poor in 1 case after removal of granulation tissue. The mortality rate was 18%. One @entity0 died on account of missed diagnosis and another of @entity3 with @entity4 after tracheal resection. The present report indicates that the best airway results are achieved by segmental resection. Various dilatation procedures, however, produced satisfactory airway results and should be used as primary treatment when the stage of the @entity5 makes resection inappropriate. When planning surgical treatment, X-ray examinations, tomography or tracheo-graphy are necessary for evaluation of the site and length of the @entity5 . The stage of the @entity5 can best be evaluated by tracheoscopy. The use of large, low-pressure thin-walled cuffs and avoidance of overinflation of the cuff are the most important measures for preventing the cuff-induced @entity1 which may lead to @entity6 .

title: XXXX after tracheostomy and after orotracheal cuffed intubation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) inhibit ice growth at sub-zero temperatures. The prototypical type-III AFPs have been extensively studied, notably by X-ray crystallography, solid-state and solution NMR, and mutagenesis, leading to the identification of a compound @entity4 ( @entity4 ) composed of two adjacent ice-binding sections, each which binds to particular lattice planes of ice crystals, @entity2 their growth. This surface, including many hydrophobic and some hydrophilic residues, has been extensively used to model the interaction of @entity1 with ice. Experimentally observed water molecules facing the @entity4 have been used in an attempt to validate these models. However, these trials have been hindered by the limited capability of X-ray crystallography to reliably identify all water molecules of the hydration layer. Due to the strong diffraction signal from both the @entity0 and @entity3 atoms, neutron diffraction provides a more effective way to determine the water molecule positions (as D(2) O). Here we report the successful structure determination at 293 K of fully perdeuterated type-III @entity1 by joint X-ray and neutron diffraction providing a very detailed description of the protein and its solvent structure. X-ray data were collected to a resolution of 1.05   , and neutron Laue data to a resolution of 1.85    with a "radically small" crystal volume of 0.13 mm(3). The identification of a tetrahedral water cluster in nuclear scattering density maps has allowed the reconstruction of the @entity4 -bound ice crystal primary prismatic face. Analysis of the interactions between the @entity4 and the bound ice crystal primary prismatic face indicates the role of the hydrophobic residues, which are found to bind inside the holes of the ice surface, thus explaining the specificity of AFPs for ice versus water.

title: Neutron structure of type-III antifreeze protein allows the reconstruction of XXXX -ice interface.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study evaluates the long-term outcomes, biliary complication rates, and risk factors for @entity3 after liver transplantation from "donation after @entity2 " (DCD) donors. BACKGROUND: Recent enthusiasm toward increased use of DCD donors' livers is mitigated by high biliary complication rates. Predictive risk factors for the development of @entity3 after DCD liver transplantation remain incompletely defined. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of 1157 "donation after @entity4 " (DBD) and 87 DCD liver transplants performed between January 1, 1993, and December 31, 2008. @entity0 and graft survivals and complication rates within the first year of transplantation were compared between DBD and DCD groups. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the influence of potential risk factors. RESULTS: @entity0 survival was significantly lower in the DCD group compared with the DBD group at 1, 5, 10, and 15 years (DCD: 84%, 68%, 54%, and 54% vs DBD: 91%, 81%, 67%, and 58%; P < 0.01). Graft survival was also significantly lower in the DCD group compared with the DBD group at 1, 5, 10, and 15 years (DCD: 69%, 56%, 43%, 43% vs DBD: 86%, 76%, 60%, 51%; P < 0.001). Rates of overall @entity3 (OBC) (DCD: 47% vs DBD: 26%; P < 0.01) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) (DCD: 34% vs DBD: 1%; P < 0.01) were significantly higher in the DCD group. Donor age [hazard ratio (HR): 1.04; P < 0.01] and donor age greater than 40 years (HR: 3.13; P < 0.01) were significant risk factors for the development of OBC. Multivariate analysis revealed that @entity1 ( @entity1 ) greater than 8 hours (HR: 2.46; P = 0.05) and donor age greater than 40 years (HR: 2.90; P < 0.01) significantly increased the risk of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Long-term @entity0 and graft survival after DCD liver transplantation remain significantly lower but acceptable when compared with DBD liver transplantations. Donor age and @entity1 greater than 8 hours are the strongest predictors for the development of @entity1 . Careful selection of younger DCD donors and minimization of @entity1 may limit the incidence of severe @entity3 and improve the successful utilization of DCD donors' livers.

title: Biliary complications after liver transplantation from donation after XXXX donors: an analysis of risk factors and long-term outcomes from a single center.

answer: @entity2


abstract: From 1970 to 1983, eight @entity0 who had severe right @entity9 with little or no @entity7 were referred to our hospital. There were two @entity0 and six @entity0 , whose ages ranged from 16 to 38 years and averaged 27. Five @entity0 were members of two families, which had definite hereditary histories of this disease. ECGs of seven @entity0 suggested right @entity1 . @entity5 were documented in seven, whose ECGs suggested that the origins of the @entity5 were in the right or both ventricles. Cardiothoracic ratios ranged from 0.50 to 0.66 and averaged 0.59. Five @entity0 had wide respiratory splitting of the second heart sound. Echocardiography showed a marked increase in the right ventricular dimension. Right ventricular diastolic pressure was increased in three; left ventricular diastolic pressure was increased in two. Right ventricular angiography revealed marked dilatation and low ejection fractions of the right ventricle in all, but left ventricular function was nearly normal in them, except two @entity0 who had minimal abnormality. The average follow-up period was 6.3 years and ranged from 3 months to 11 years. During the follow-up period, only two @entity0 had @entity8 and three developed overt @entity3 . Three @entity0 died, two suddenly, and one from an attack of @entity8 . Autopsies of these two showed extreme dilatation of the right ventricle and one of them showed concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle. @entity4 were found in both ventricles. In summary, it is suggested that idiopathic dilated @entity6 can be classified in the spectrum of dilated @entity2 .

title: Idiopathic dilated XXXX : a report of eight cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: To determine the accuracy and reliability of measurements of mitral flow velocity and pressure gradients obtained from continuous wave Doppler (CWD) echocardiography, the left ventricular pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and CWD echo were simultaneously recorded simultaneously for 22 @entity0 with @entity1 . An ultrasonic transducer was placed over the left ventricular apex to direct the ultrasonic beam parallel with the mitral flow. High-pitched audio signals were used to determine whether the ultrasonic beam direction was appropriate. The angle formed by the beam direction and the blood flow was assumed to be zero when a good Doppler echo was recorded. The maximum flow velocity and pressure gradients calculated from CWD echo were compared with pressure gradients obtained by catheterization. These were analyzed during the same heart beats. The results were as follows: Good recordings of pressures and CWD echograms were obtained for 17 @entity0 , and their data were used for the analysis. The maximum flow velocity through the mitral valve obtained by CWD echography was very similar to the pressure gradients obtained by catheterization in terms of phases and patterns. The pressure gradients (x) calculated from CWD using a simplified Bernoulli's equation correlated well with those (y) measured at the same time on pressure tracings (y = 1.2x + 1.5, r = 0.92, p less than 0.001). Mean diastolic pressure gradients (X) obtained by CWD echography also correlated well with those (Y) recorded at catheterization (Y = 1.2X + 0.15, r = 0.95). Based on these results, we conclude that CWD echography is a reliable, noninvasive method to measure the pressure gradient across the mitral valve in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: [Continuous wave Doppler measurement of transmitral pressure gradients in XXXX : comparisons with simultaneous catheterization measurements].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The endoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) mesh repair is nowadays a well-established tension-free method for @entity2 . Mainly based on animal studies and case reports, a concern about the risk of @entity1 was expressed. This clinical study aimed to evaluate the risk of @entity3 due to obstructive @entity5 in @entity0 of fertile age who underwent a @entity4 repair. METHODS: Over 3  years (2005-2008) 59 male @entity0 , 18-60  years of age, underwent a bilateral TEP repair. Twenty-one of them were prospectively ("light mesh") and 38 retrospectively ("heavy mesh") evaluated for testicular volume and perfusion, serum levels of sexual hormones, ejaculate volume, and number of spermatic cells. Those parameters were determined preoperatively (prospective group) and not earlier than 3  months postoperatively (both groups). RESULTS: No significant difference between pre- and postoperative values was detected in the prospectively studied group. All postoperative parameters were within the normal range in the retrospective group. There was no evidence of impaired fertility in any @entity0 due to the operation. CONCLUSION: The standardized TEP technique for simultaneous @entity2 repair in male @entity0 was not associated with a higher risk for @entity1 after mesh implantation. The use of heavy-weight meshes had no negative effect on fertility.

title: Bilateral endoscopic total extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repair does not induce obstructive XXXX : data of a retrospective and prospective trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, endoscopic submucosal dissection has been carefully applied in early @entity3 (EGC) with undifferentiated type. However, there are no individual guidelines for endoscopic treatment of EGCs with poorly differentiated @entity4 or @entity6 . The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the clinicopathologic features of these two types of EGC to guide the application of endoscopic treatment. METHODS: @entity0 to undergo radical gastrectomy for the treatment of EGC were selected for inclusion in this study. Histology was classified according to the Japanese @entity3 Association. Between January 2005 and December 2008, 288 @entity0 with poorly differentiated EGC and 419 @entity0 with signet ring cell EGC were enrolled. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Compared with signet ring cell EGC, poorly differentiated EGC had higher rates of male gender, old age (>= 45  years), large @entity2 length (>20  mm), @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity1 , and lymph node @entity1 . In the multivariate analyses, poorly differentiated EGC was significantly associated with @entity5 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-3.8), @entity1 (OR: 3.6, 95% CI: 2.6-5.1) and @entity1 (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.6) with a reference of signet ring cell EGC. The independent risk factors for lymph node @entity1 were large @entity2 length, @entity1 , and @entity1 in both types of EGC. Young age was an independent risk factor of lymph node @entity1 only in poorly differentiated EGC. CONCLUSIONS: Poorly differentiated EGC has clinicopathologic features that are less favorable to endoscopic treatment than are those of signet ring cell EGC. Therefore, these two types of EGC should be approached separately, not as a united type of undifferentiated histology, during the planning of endoscopic treatment.

title: Early @entity3 of XXXX is more amenable to endoscopic treatment than is early @entity3 of poorly differentiated @entity4 in select @entity2 conditions.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, endoscopic submucosal dissection has been carefully applied in early @entity3 (EGC) with undifferentiated type. However, there are no individual guidelines for endoscopic treatment of EGCs with poorly differentiated @entity4 or @entity6 . The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the clinicopathologic features of these two types of EGC to guide the application of endoscopic treatment. METHODS: @entity0 to undergo radical gastrectomy for the treatment of EGC were selected for inclusion in this study. Histology was classified according to the Japanese @entity3 Association. Between January 2005 and December 2008, 288 @entity0 with poorly differentiated EGC and 419 @entity0 with signet ring cell EGC were enrolled. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Compared with signet ring cell EGC, poorly differentiated EGC had higher rates of male gender, old age (>= 45  years), large @entity2 length (>20  mm), @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity1 , and lymph node @entity1 . In the multivariate analyses, poorly differentiated EGC was significantly associated with @entity5 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-3.8), @entity1 (OR: 3.6, 95% CI: 2.6-5.1) and @entity1 (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.6) with a reference of signet ring cell EGC. The independent risk factors for lymph node @entity1 were large @entity2 length, @entity1 , and @entity1 in both types of EGC. Young age was an independent risk factor of lymph node @entity1 only in poorly differentiated EGC. CONCLUSIONS: Poorly differentiated EGC has clinicopathologic features that are less favorable to endoscopic treatment than are those of signet ring cell EGC. Therefore, these two types of EGC should be approached separately, not as a united type of undifferentiated histology, during the planning of endoscopic treatment.

title: Early XXXX of @entity6 is more amenable to endoscopic treatment than is early @entity3 of poorly differentiated @entity4 in select @entity2 conditions.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, endoscopic submucosal dissection has been carefully applied in early @entity3 (EGC) with undifferentiated type. However, there are no individual guidelines for endoscopic treatment of EGCs with poorly differentiated @entity4 or @entity6 . The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the clinicopathologic features of these two types of EGC to guide the application of endoscopic treatment. METHODS: @entity0 to undergo radical gastrectomy for the treatment of EGC were selected for inclusion in this study. Histology was classified according to the Japanese @entity3 Association. Between January 2005 and December 2008, 288 @entity0 with poorly differentiated EGC and 419 @entity0 with signet ring cell EGC were enrolled. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Compared with signet ring cell EGC, poorly differentiated EGC had higher rates of male gender, old age (>= 45  years), large @entity2 length (>20  mm), @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity1 , and lymph node @entity1 . In the multivariate analyses, poorly differentiated EGC was significantly associated with @entity5 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-3.8), @entity1 (OR: 3.6, 95% CI: 2.6-5.1) and @entity1 (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.6) with a reference of signet ring cell EGC. The independent risk factors for lymph node @entity1 were large @entity2 length, @entity1 , and @entity1 in both types of EGC. Young age was an independent risk factor of lymph node @entity1 only in poorly differentiated EGC. CONCLUSIONS: Poorly differentiated EGC has clinicopathologic features that are less favorable to endoscopic treatment than are those of signet ring cell EGC. Therefore, these two types of EGC should be approached separately, not as a united type of undifferentiated histology, during the planning of endoscopic treatment.

title: Early @entity3 of @entity6 is more amenable to endoscopic treatment than is early XXXX of poorly differentiated @entity4 in select @entity2 conditions.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, endoscopic submucosal dissection has been carefully applied in early @entity3 (EGC) with undifferentiated type. However, there are no individual guidelines for endoscopic treatment of EGCs with poorly differentiated @entity4 or @entity6 . The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the clinicopathologic features of these two types of EGC to guide the application of endoscopic treatment. METHODS: @entity0 to undergo radical gastrectomy for the treatment of EGC were selected for inclusion in this study. Histology was classified according to the Japanese @entity3 Association. Between January 2005 and December 2008, 288 @entity0 with poorly differentiated EGC and 419 @entity0 with signet ring cell EGC were enrolled. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Compared with signet ring cell EGC, poorly differentiated EGC had higher rates of male gender, old age (>= 45  years), large @entity2 length (>20  mm), @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity1 , and lymph node @entity1 . In the multivariate analyses, poorly differentiated EGC was significantly associated with @entity5 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-3.8), @entity1 (OR: 3.6, 95% CI: 2.6-5.1) and @entity1 (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.6) with a reference of signet ring cell EGC. The independent risk factors for lymph node @entity1 were large @entity2 length, @entity1 , and @entity1 in both types of EGC. Young age was an independent risk factor of lymph node @entity1 only in poorly differentiated EGC. CONCLUSIONS: Poorly differentiated EGC has clinicopathologic features that are less favorable to endoscopic treatment than are those of signet ring cell EGC. Therefore, these two types of EGC should be approached separately, not as a united type of undifferentiated histology, during the planning of endoscopic treatment.

title: Early @entity3 of @entity6 is more amenable to endoscopic treatment than is early @entity3 of poorly differentiated XXXX in select @entity2 conditions.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, endoscopic submucosal dissection has been carefully applied in early @entity3 (EGC) with undifferentiated type. However, there are no individual guidelines for endoscopic treatment of EGCs with poorly differentiated @entity4 or @entity6 . The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the clinicopathologic features of these two types of EGC to guide the application of endoscopic treatment. METHODS: @entity0 to undergo radical gastrectomy for the treatment of EGC were selected for inclusion in this study. Histology was classified according to the Japanese @entity3 Association. Between January 2005 and December 2008, 288 @entity0 with poorly differentiated EGC and 419 @entity0 with signet ring cell EGC were enrolled. Their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Compared with signet ring cell EGC, poorly differentiated EGC had higher rates of male gender, old age (>= 45  years), large @entity2 length (>20  mm), @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity1 , and lymph node @entity1 . In the multivariate analyses, poorly differentiated EGC was significantly associated with @entity5 (odds ratio [OR]: 2.4, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-3.8), @entity1 (OR: 3.6, 95% CI: 2.6-5.1) and @entity1 (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.1-3.6) with a reference of signet ring cell EGC. The independent risk factors for lymph node @entity1 were large @entity2 length, @entity1 , and @entity1 in both types of EGC. Young age was an independent risk factor of lymph node @entity1 only in poorly differentiated EGC. CONCLUSIONS: Poorly differentiated EGC has clinicopathologic features that are less favorable to endoscopic treatment than are those of signet ring cell EGC. Therefore, these two types of EGC should be approached separately, not as a united type of undifferentiated histology, during the planning of endoscopic treatment.

title: Early @entity3 of @entity6 is more amenable to endoscopic treatment than is early @entity3 of poorly differentiated @entity4 in select XXXX conditions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of a prototype device (the one-step needle sphincterotome) versus direct incision and @entity0 for creating transgastric access to the peritoneal cavity in a porcine model. METHODS: In five @entity1 , 24 gastrotomies were created using direct incision followed by @entity0 (group A) or by the one-step needle sphincterotome (group B) in an in vivo nonsurvival model. The one-step needle sphincterotome is a novel instrument comprising two components including a retractable needleknife and a pull-type sphincterotome on the same instrument shaft, reducing the need to exchange instruments. RESULTS: The 24 gastrotomies created in the five @entity1 all were successful. The mean time required for creation of a gastrotomy was 613.08      289.64  s in group A and 310.58      137.39  s in group B. The total procedural time was 830.42      296.17  s in group A and 529      143.97  s in group B. Both were significantly shorter in the prototype device group (P  =  0.002). The mean length of gastrotomy, mean number of clips required for closure, and mean overall closure time were not significantly different. One @entity1 from each group suffered morbidities and another experienced mortality. CONCLUSIONS: The one-step needle sphincterotome hastened the creation of gastrotomies for natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). The gastrotomies created by both procedures were effective means of gaining peritoneal access, and neither method demonstrated superiority in expediting closure. However, the initial blind transgastric incision by a needleknife may be associated with a risk of injuring surrounding structures.

title: Randomized comparative trial of a novel one-step needle sphincterotome versus direct incision and XXXX used to create gastrotomies for natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) in the porcine model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This paper proposes a new approach to estimate the protein needs of a population; recommendations are also made on the protein intake of adults fed diets based on @entity2 and beans. For this purpose, the @entity4 balance data previously reported for 40 adult @entity0 subjects who had participated in 160 @entity4 balance periods fed diets based on @entity2 and beans, with and without animal protein and/or energy supplementation were used. The proposed method is based on the curvilinear response between @entity4 intake and its @entity4 balance. The second degree equation describing the relationship between @entity4 balance and intake is calculated. Using the mathematical concept of the first and second derivatives, the point of inflexion is obtained, and interpreted as that condition wherein the individual utilizes with maximum efficacy the ingested @entity4 ; @entity4 ingestion, which corresponds to that point, is therefore taken as the dietary @entity4 recommendation for the individual. When the values obtained by means of the quadratic equation are compared to those obtained by the traditional linear equation, values were found to be statistically equal (p less than 0.05) for both calculation methods. The recommended protein intake of an adult population fed a diet based on @entity2 and beans was 0.80 and 0.77 g/kg/day for the quadratic approach, and for the conventional method, respectively. When this diet was supplemented with 10% milk protein and with the same energy level, the calculated values were 0.64 and 0.71 g protein/kg/day for both methods, in this same order. The essential @entity1 intake and absorption values were also calculated from the protein levels recommended by both methods to be in @entity4 balance, from a diet based on @entity2 and beans. Findings revealed, in all cases, that the intakes of each and all essential @entity3 met those levels indicated by FAO/WHO, with the exception of @entity5 and the @entity6 -containing @entity3 , which apparently limit the quality of the diet.

title: [A new alternative for estimating recommendations of protein intake in @entity0 . Protein requirements of an adult population fed with a diet based on XXXX and beans].

answer: @entity2


abstract: This paper proposes a new approach to estimate the protein needs of a population; recommendations are also made on the protein intake of adults fed diets based on @entity2 and beans. For this purpose, the @entity4 balance data previously reported for 40 adult @entity0 subjects who had participated in 160 @entity4 balance periods fed diets based on @entity2 and beans, with and without animal protein and/or energy supplementation were used. The proposed method is based on the curvilinear response between @entity4 intake and its @entity4 balance. The second degree equation describing the relationship between @entity4 balance and intake is calculated. Using the mathematical concept of the first and second derivatives, the point of inflexion is obtained, and interpreted as that condition wherein the individual utilizes with maximum efficacy the ingested @entity4 ; @entity4 ingestion, which corresponds to that point, is therefore taken as the dietary @entity4 recommendation for the individual. When the values obtained by means of the quadratic equation are compared to those obtained by the traditional linear equation, values were found to be statistically equal (p less than 0.05) for both calculation methods. The recommended protein intake of an adult population fed a diet based on @entity2 and beans was 0.80 and 0.77 g/kg/day for the quadratic approach, and for the conventional method, respectively. When this diet was supplemented with 10% milk protein and with the same energy level, the calculated values were 0.64 and 0.71 g protein/kg/day for both methods, in this same order. The essential @entity1 intake and absorption values were also calculated from the protein levels recommended by both methods to be in @entity4 balance, from a diet based on @entity2 and beans. Findings revealed, in all cases, that the intakes of each and all essential @entity3 met those levels indicated by FAO/WHO, with the exception of @entity5 and the @entity6 -containing @entity3 , which apparently limit the quality of the diet.

title: [A new alternative for estimating recommendations of protein intake in XXXX . Protein requirements of an adult population fed with a diet based on @entity2 and beans].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study was to elucidate the hormonal regulation of @entity1 synthesis by the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) during the period of fat accumulation in male Scotophilus heathi. An in vivo study showed a significant correlation between the seasonal changes in serum insulin level with the circulating @entity1 level and with the changes in body fat mass in S. heathi. An in vitro study showed insulin induced a significant increase in expression of @entity1 protein in @entity2 . The insulin-stimulated increase in @entity1 expression was associated with increased uptake of @entity0 in the @entity2 . Two @entity0 transporters ( @entity3 and @entity5 ) are utilized for transport of @entity0 in the @entity2 during adipogenesis in the bat. The bats showed high insulin and @entity0 levels, but a reduction in @entity4 protein during the period of fat deposition, suggesting insulin resistance, which improved in late winter (January) when most of the fat has been utilized as a metabolic fuel. The in vitro study confirmed that insulin enhanced @entity1 and @entity3 expression in @entity2 . The in vitro study further showed that the expression of @entity1 is directly proportional to the amount of @entity0 uptake by the @entity2 . The expression of @entity3 and @entity5 were also shown to be differentially regulated by insulin during adipogenesis. The insulin-stimulated increase in @entity1 synthesis by @entity2 is mediated through phosphorylation of MAPK in S. heathi. The specific role of @entity3 and @entity5 in the regulation of @entity1 synthesis during adipogenesis needs further investigation.

title: Regulation of XXXX synthesis during adipogenesis in males of a vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Elastase intratracheal instillation induces @entity7 in rodents. However, @entity1 develop more severe @entity7 than @entity0 . We have reported species differences in oxidant/antioxidant balance modulating antiprotease function early after instillation. We now hypothesize that other components of the initial lung response to elastase might also be species-dependent. @entity0 and @entity1 received a single dose of pancreatic elastase (0.55 U/100 g body wt) to study @entity3 biomarkers. Using serum, lung, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples, we evaluated changes in alveolar-capillary permeability, alpha 1-antitrypsin (a(1)- @entity4 ) concentration and activity, @entity6 content, and proinflammatory cytokines. @entity0 showed a large increase in alveolar-capillary permeability and few hemorrhagic changes, whereas hamsters exhibited large hemorrhagic changes (P < 0.01) and mild transendothelial passage of proteins. Western blots showed a 30-fold increase in BALF a(1)- @entity4 concentration in @entity0 and only a 7-fold increase in hamsters (P < 0.001), with [a(1)- @entity4 -elastase] complexes only in @entity0 , suggesting differences in antiprotease function. This was confirmed by the a(1)- @entity4 bioassay showing 20-fold increase in a(1)- @entity4 activity in @entity0 and only twofold increase in hamsters (P < 0.001). In @entity0 , results were preceded by a 3-, 60-, and 20-fold increase in @entity2 , @entity8 , and @entity5 respectively (P < 0.001). In hamsters, only @entity8 and @entity5 showed mild increases. All parameters studied were back to baseline by 4 days. In conclusion, several components of the initial lung response showed species differences. Cytokine release pattern and functional inhibition of a(1)- @entity4 were the most significant components differing among species and could account for differences in susceptibility to elastase.

title: Differences in acute lung response to elastase instillation in two rodent species may determine differences in severity of XXXX development.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Brain @entity1 from @entity6 has been considered rare and survival following @entity6 with distant @entity1 is poor. The purpose of this report was to clarify cumulative incidence and risk factors for @entity4 after chemoradiotherapy for @entity6 , and to consider recommended treatments for @entity4 from @entity6 . We reviewed 391 @entity0 treated with chemoradiotherapy. Median age was 65 years. Clinical stages were I, II, III, and IV in 32, 47, 150, and 162 @entity0 , respectively. Brain imaging was performed usually when @entity0 revealed @entity3 . The 3-year cumulative incidence of @entity4 after chemoradiotherapy was 6.6%. There were 4 @entity0 with single @entity1 and 8 with multiple @entity1 . Initial clinical stages were II, III, and IV in 1, 2, and 9 @entity0 , respectively. Histology included @entity7 in 10 @entity0 and others in 2 @entity0 . Univariate analysis demonstrated M factor, distant lymph node relapse, and recurrent lung and liver @entity1 as significant risk factors of @entity4 (P < 0.05). Median survival time after diagnosis of @entity4 was 2.1 months. Brain @entity1 was not directly related to cause of mortality. The causes were extracranial @entity2 deterioration in 8 @entity0 and @entity5 in 4 @entity0 . Brain @entity1 may increase in the future with improving survival from @entity6 . However, considering the poor survival after diagnosis of @entity4 , short-term palliative therapy for @entity4 appears preferable to vigorous long-term therapy.

title: Occurrence and clinical features of @entity4 after chemoradiotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Brain @entity1 from @entity6 has been considered rare and survival following @entity6 with distant @entity1 is poor. The purpose of this report was to clarify cumulative incidence and risk factors for @entity4 after chemoradiotherapy for @entity6 , and to consider recommended treatments for @entity4 from @entity6 . We reviewed 391 @entity0 treated with chemoradiotherapy. Median age was 65 years. Clinical stages were I, II, III, and IV in 32, 47, 150, and 162 @entity0 , respectively. Brain imaging was performed usually when @entity0 revealed @entity3 . The 3-year cumulative incidence of @entity4 after chemoradiotherapy was 6.6%. There were 4 @entity0 with single @entity1 and 8 with multiple @entity1 . Initial clinical stages were II, III, and IV in 1, 2, and 9 @entity0 , respectively. Histology included @entity7 in 10 @entity0 and others in 2 @entity0 . Univariate analysis demonstrated M factor, distant lymph node relapse, and recurrent lung and liver @entity1 as significant risk factors of @entity4 (P < 0.05). Median survival time after diagnosis of @entity4 was 2.1 months. Brain @entity1 was not directly related to cause of mortality. The causes were extracranial @entity2 deterioration in 8 @entity0 and @entity5 in 4 @entity0 . Brain @entity1 may increase in the future with improving survival from @entity6 . However, considering the poor survival after diagnosis of @entity4 , short-term palliative therapy for @entity4 appears preferable to vigorous long-term therapy.

title: Occurrence and clinical features of XXXX after chemoradiotherapy for @entity6 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To clarify the value of resection of @entity2 involving the extrahepatic bile duct. BACKGROUND: : Several recent studies have proven that @entity3 and extrahepatic biliary involvement are independent predictors of a poor outcome. Only a few authors recommend resection of such advanced disease. METHODS: One hundred @entity0 with pT3/4, @entity4 , M0 disease were the subjects of this study. Mortality and long-term outcome were analyzed using a prospectively collected database. RESULTS: The only factor associated with mortality in univariate and multivariate analyses was intraoperative @entity1 . The 5-year survival rate and median survival time were 23% and 1.5 years for @entity0 with pathologic extrahepatic biliary invasion (pEBI), and 54% and 15.4 years for @entity0 without pEBI. Twelve @entity0 with pEBI survived beyond 5 years. Multivariate analysis revealed that R1/2 resection and combined resection of adjacent organs other than the liver and extrahepatic bile duct (CRAO) were independent predictors of poor outcome. Five-year survival rate and median survival time after R0 resection without CRAO were 36% and 3.8 years even in @entity0 with pEBI. In contrast, after R0 resection with CRAO 5-year survival and median survival time were 16% and 0.8 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with advanced @entity2 with pEBI are candidates for resection when distant metastases are absent and R0 resection is achievable. When CRAO is unnecessary, surgical resection should be aggressively planned.

title: XXXX involving the extrahepatic bile duct is worthy of resection.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the first isolated and focal @entity3 . METHODS: Review of clinical, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical characteristics and relevant literature. RESULTS: A 93-year-old Caucasian @entity0 with a flat, irregular, and deeply pigmented black growth of the left upper eyelid margin of unknown duration underwent a full-thickness eyelid excisional biopsy. Microscopically, a population of loosely aggregated, mitotically inactive, heavily pigmented oval-to-elongated spindle dermal cells that paralleled the epithelium was seen. @entity2 and HMB-45 immunostaining of premelanosomes could not distinguish between melanocytes and melanophages. The more specific microphthalmia-associated transcription factor stained the nuclei of the subepithelial melanocytes before and after bleaching of the cytoplasmic melanin. The @entity0 did not have @entity4 . No residual pigmentation or lesional recurrence has been noted during 6 months of follow up. CONCLUSIONS: A blue nevus of the preorbicularis eyelid skin is extremely rare, and still more uncommon is such a lesion of the eyelid margin. Careful microscopic and immunohistochemical evaluation is necessary to establish the proper diagnosis. Wide local excision should be performed due to concern about a more common and serious melanomatous nodule. A differential diagnosis of other @entity1 in this location is offered.

title: Focal XXXX (mucocutaneous junction): a report of a unique case with a review of the literature.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Although complications including graft @entity4 , graft @entity5 , and rejection have been well documented after pancreas transplantation, the occurrence of graft duodenal perforation is uncommon. In this article, we report a case of graft duodenal perforation due to @entity3 after simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation (SPK). A @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity7 had undergone SPK from a cadaveric donor. One year later, she was admitted to our hospital for severe lower @entity2 with preshock status. She was immediately examined by abdominal computed tomography and both peripancreas graft fluid accumulation and severe dilatation of the ileum were detected. On emergency operation, two punched holes located at the graft duodenal side near the suture line and an obstruction of herniated bowel behind the graft pancreas were detected. These holes were repaired and the @entity3 was reduced. However, a control of the @entity6 was very difficult despite intensive treatment with antibiotics and additional abdominal drainage. Finally, a graft pancreatectomy was unavoidably required. When complications, including symptomatic @entity6 , require re-laparotomy after pancreas transplantation, the therapeutic focus should be switched from salvaging the graft to the preservation of life.

title: Graft Duodenal Perforation due to XXXX after Simultaneous Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation: Report of a Case.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The stability of atherosclerotic plaques determines the risk for @entity2 , which may lead to @entity5 formation and potentially severe clinical complications such as @entity4 and @entity1 . Although the rate of plaque formation may be important for plaque stability, this process is not well understood. We took advantage of the atmospheric @entity7 -declination curve (a result of the atomic bomb tests in the 1950s and 1960s) to determine the average biological age of carotid plaques. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDING: The cores of carotid plaques were dissected from 29 well-characterized, symptomatic @entity0 with @entity3 and analyzed for @entity7 content by accelerator mass spectrometry. The average plaque age (i.e. formation time) was 9.6  3.3 years. All but two plaques had formed within 5-15 years before surgery. Plaque age was not associated with the chronological ages of the @entity0 but was inversely related to plasma @entity6 levels (p=0.0014). Most plaques were echo-lucent rather than echo-rich (2.24  0.97, range 1-5). However, plaques in the lowest tercile of plaque age (most recently formed) were characterized by further instability with a higher content of lipids and macrophages (67.8  12.4 vs. 50.4  6.2, p=0.00005; 57.6  26.1 vs. 39.8  25.7, p<0.0005, respectively), less collagen (45.3  6.1 vs. 51.1  9.8, p<0.05), and fewer smooth muscle cells (130  31 vs. 141  21, p<0.05) than plaques in the highest tercile. Microarray analysis of plaques in the lowest tercile also showed increased activity of genes involved in immune responses and oxidative phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results show, for the first time, that plaque age, as judge by relative incorporation of @entity7 , can improve our understanding of carotid plaque stability and therefore risk for clinical complications. Our results also suggest that levels of plasma @entity6 might be involved in determining carotid plaque age.

title: Carotid plaque age is a feature of plaque stability inversely related to levels of plasma XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: In five experiments, we investigated how simple actions (as assessed via a go/no-go task) influence @entity2 . In Experiments 1 and 2, @entity0 responded (go) when a color name (cue) matched a colored shape (prime), and did not respond (no-go) when they mismatched. @entity0 then searched a visual array for a tilted line, either embedded within the prime (valid prime) or within a different shape of a different color (invalid prime). For go trials, but not for no-go trials, the validity of the prime influenced @entity1 so that faster RTs were observed when the prime was valid as compared with when it was invalid. In Experiment 3, the go/no-go task was based on the shape of the prime. The color of the prime, but not the shape, was re-presented in the search array, and its validity produced a similar pattern as in Experiments 1-2. In Experiment 4, @entity0 responded when the color name and prime mismatched. Reaction times indicated that attentional set had an influence on the validity differences in Experiments 1-3. In Experiment 5, the go/no-go task was based on whether a digit matched a digit appearing within the prime. Go trials produced similar validity effects as observed in Experiments 1-3.

title: The influence of action on XXXX : behavioral response toward stimuli modifies the selection process.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Long-term administration of opiates in @entity0 with chronic @entity1 (CNCP) is subject to debate due to insufficient clinical evidence to support efficacy and tolerability. METHODS: This retrospective analysis used hospital records to investigate the effects of low doses of the combination of @entity2 / @entity3 on CNCP in an outpatient clinic setting to verify adherence to therapy and long-term efficacy. All @entity0 receiving therapy for CNCP were examined between May and September 2010 and information was collected on medication, duration of therapy, and static and @entity1 measured using numeric rating scales (NRS) from relevant charts. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-one @entity0 (157 @entity0 , 68%) with a mean (   SD) age of 66.4  15.5 years were analyzed. @entity1 indexes at baseline revealed a mean (   SD) static NRS (sNRS) of 3.5  1.77 and a mean dynamic NRS (dNRS) of 7.24  1.33. At last follow-up, mean (   SD) @entity1 reductions versus baseline were 1.58  1.42 for sNRS and 3.04  1.43 for dNRS (P<0.0001 for both). Regarding the duration of therapy, 54 @entity0 (23.4%) were treated for <4 months, and 177 @entity0 (76.6%) for 4 months up to 23 months. @entity1 reduction was significant in all groups (P<0.0001) but was greatest in @entity0 who had been receiving therapy for >= 4 months. Improvements in @entity1 relief were not associated with an increase in daily dose, which remained stable or decreased slightly over time. DISCUSSION: The results of this study support the hypothesis that an opiate-based combination at low doses improves tolerability and adherence and results in @entity0 obtaining long-term efficacy. Larger studies of the use of opiates in this setting and clinical monitoring on the regional and national level may convince clinicians to view opiates as efficacious analgesics and not as dangerous substances of abuse.

title: Adherence and long-term effect of @entity2 / XXXX in chronic @entity1 : a retrospective study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Long-term administration of opiates in @entity0 with chronic @entity1 (CNCP) is subject to debate due to insufficient clinical evidence to support efficacy and tolerability. METHODS: This retrospective analysis used hospital records to investigate the effects of low doses of the combination of @entity2 / @entity3 on CNCP in an outpatient clinic setting to verify adherence to therapy and long-term efficacy. All @entity0 receiving therapy for CNCP were examined between May and September 2010 and information was collected on medication, duration of therapy, and static and @entity1 measured using numeric rating scales (NRS) from relevant charts. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-one @entity0 (157 @entity0 , 68%) with a mean (   SD) age of 66.4  15.5 years were analyzed. @entity1 indexes at baseline revealed a mean (   SD) static NRS (sNRS) of 3.5  1.77 and a mean dynamic NRS (dNRS) of 7.24  1.33. At last follow-up, mean (   SD) @entity1 reductions versus baseline were 1.58  1.42 for sNRS and 3.04  1.43 for dNRS (P<0.0001 for both). Regarding the duration of therapy, 54 @entity0 (23.4%) were treated for <4 months, and 177 @entity0 (76.6%) for 4 months up to 23 months. @entity1 reduction was significant in all groups (P<0.0001) but was greatest in @entity0 who had been receiving therapy for >= 4 months. Improvements in @entity1 relief were not associated with an increase in daily dose, which remained stable or decreased slightly over time. DISCUSSION: The results of this study support the hypothesis that an opiate-based combination at low doses improves tolerability and adherence and results in @entity0 obtaining long-term efficacy. Larger studies of the use of opiates in this setting and clinical monitoring on the regional and national level may convince clinicians to view opiates as efficacious analgesics and not as dangerous substances of abuse.

title: Adherence and long-term effect of @entity2 / @entity3 in chronic XXXX : a retrospective study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Long-term administration of opiates in @entity0 with chronic @entity1 (CNCP) is subject to debate due to insufficient clinical evidence to support efficacy and tolerability. METHODS: This retrospective analysis used hospital records to investigate the effects of low doses of the combination of @entity2 / @entity3 on CNCP in an outpatient clinic setting to verify adherence to therapy and long-term efficacy. All @entity0 receiving therapy for CNCP were examined between May and September 2010 and information was collected on medication, duration of therapy, and static and @entity1 measured using numeric rating scales (NRS) from relevant charts. RESULTS: Two hundred and thirty-one @entity0 (157 @entity0 , 68%) with a mean (   SD) age of 66.4  15.5 years were analyzed. @entity1 indexes at baseline revealed a mean (   SD) static NRS (sNRS) of 3.5  1.77 and a mean dynamic NRS (dNRS) of 7.24  1.33. At last follow-up, mean (   SD) @entity1 reductions versus baseline were 1.58  1.42 for sNRS and 3.04  1.43 for dNRS (P<0.0001 for both). Regarding the duration of therapy, 54 @entity0 (23.4%) were treated for <4 months, and 177 @entity0 (76.6%) for 4 months up to 23 months. @entity1 reduction was significant in all groups (P<0.0001) but was greatest in @entity0 who had been receiving therapy for >= 4 months. Improvements in @entity1 relief were not associated with an increase in daily dose, which remained stable or decreased slightly over time. DISCUSSION: The results of this study support the hypothesis that an opiate-based combination at low doses improves tolerability and adherence and results in @entity0 obtaining long-term efficacy. Larger studies of the use of opiates in this setting and clinical monitoring on the regional and national level may convince clinicians to view opiates as efficacious analgesics and not as dangerous substances of abuse.

title: Adherence and long-term effect of XXXX / @entity3 in chronic @entity1 : a retrospective study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Comparisons were made of the effects of various doses of intravenous @entity3 and @entity1 on the primary auditory afferent activity (N1) and cochlear microphonics (CM) of beagles. The dose-response relationships of the N1 @entity0 to @entity3 and @entity1 are parallel; those of the @entity0 are also parallel but have a much shallower slope than those of the N1 @entity0 . With both drugs, N1 @entity0 occurs at lower doses than does @entity0 . The N1 @entity0 produced by a particular dose of @entity3 or @entity1 bore a linear relationship to the @entity0 produced. This finding supports the postulate that the cochlear site and mechanism of @entity2 action of the loop diuretics are directed at an earlier step of the cochlear transduction process than N1. Using N1 @entity0 as the gross electrophysiologic index of @entity2 , the acute @entity2 potency of @entity3 in beagles is approximately 6.5 times that of @entity1 , whereas its diuretic potency is 40 to 60 times that of @entity1 . Therefore, when clinical dosages of the two drugs are considered, the relative acute @entity2 potency of @entity3 in the beagle is 0.11 to 0.16 that of @entity1 . This range is identical to the relative @entity2 potency of 0.11 to 0.16 previously obtained in the cat. Serum concentrations of @entity3 and @entity1 increased linearly with the doses of the two drugs, except for the highest dose given (100 mg/kg for both drugs). The serum concentrations at that dose of both drugs are less than the mathematically predicted values. Histologic (light-microscopic) examination of the cochleas did not reveal any significant pathology.

title: Comparative acute cochlear toxicity of intravenous XXXX and @entity1 in the purebred beagle.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Comparisons were made of the effects of various doses of intravenous @entity3 and @entity1 on the primary auditory afferent activity (N1) and cochlear microphonics (CM) of beagles. The dose-response relationships of the N1 @entity0 to @entity3 and @entity1 are parallel; those of the @entity0 are also parallel but have a much shallower slope than those of the N1 @entity0 . With both drugs, N1 @entity0 occurs at lower doses than does @entity0 . The N1 @entity0 produced by a particular dose of @entity3 or @entity1 bore a linear relationship to the @entity0 produced. This finding supports the postulate that the cochlear site and mechanism of @entity2 action of the loop diuretics are directed at an earlier step of the cochlear transduction process than N1. Using N1 @entity0 as the gross electrophysiologic index of @entity2 , the acute @entity2 potency of @entity3 in beagles is approximately 6.5 times that of @entity1 , whereas its diuretic potency is 40 to 60 times that of @entity1 . Therefore, when clinical dosages of the two drugs are considered, the relative acute @entity2 potency of @entity3 in the beagle is 0.11 to 0.16 that of @entity1 . This range is identical to the relative @entity2 potency of 0.11 to 0.16 previously obtained in the cat. Serum concentrations of @entity3 and @entity1 increased linearly with the doses of the two drugs, except for the highest dose given (100 mg/kg for both drugs). The serum concentrations at that dose of both drugs are less than the mathematically predicted values. Histologic (light-microscopic) examination of the cochleas did not reveal any significant pathology.

title: Comparative acute cochlear toxicity of intravenous @entity3 and XXXX in the purebred beagle.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The ontogenesis of tissue @entity3 concentrations in heart, lung, brown adipose tissue, adrenal and para-aortic chromaffin tissue was assessed in fetal and newborn @entity0 using a radioenzymatic assay adapted to perchloric extracts of tissue. Measurements were conducted at 20, 24, 27 and 31 days gestation and at 3 and 7 days of age. Myocardial @entity1 was detectable at 20 days gestation, the earliest age studied. Lung @entity1 was not detectable until 24 days gestation. @entity1 concentrations in brown adipose were similar to myocardial levels. Adrenal and para-aortic tissue @entity3 content increased significantly between 24 days gestation and 7 days of postnatal age. @entity2 became the predominant adrenal @entity3 by 24 days gestation. Para-aortic body @entity1 concentrations always were substantially less than adrenal @entity1 or @entity2 contents. @entity2 was undetectable in para-aortic bodies at 20 and 24 days and at 31 days was only 27% of @entity1 content. Adrenal maturation as reflected by @entity2 content or @entity2 / @entity1 ratio correlated positively with body weight in the 31 day gestation fetuses. Thus, significant changes in tissue @entity1 concentrations occur during the developmental time period studied. Parallel maturational changes occur in adrenal and para-aortic chromaffin tissue.

title: Ontogenesis of tissue catecholamines in fetal and neonatal XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Stress-induced @entity4 has been associated with poor outcomes and @entity2 in critically ill @entity0 . Blood @entity3 (BG) variability, a component of stress-related @entity4 has recently been reported as a significant independent predictor of intensive care unit and hospital mortality. We sought to evaluate three cases in which intensive insulin therapy was administered using a standardized insulin dosing protocol to normalize the BG and reduce glycemic variability. Point-of-care BG values and other clinical measures were obtained from the medical record of three @entity0 who received intensive insulin therapy. This was a convenience sample of three @entity0 where the BG level had stabilized on a consistent intravenous insulin dose rate for up to 20 hours in a surgical @entity1 intensive care unit. Data were collected manually and electronically using the Remote Automated Laboratory System-Tight Glycemic Control Module (RALS-TGCM) BG management and monitoring system. Each case presentation describes a critically ill, nondiabetic @entity0 , requiring continuous intravenous insulin therapy for @entity4 . In each instance, BG variability was present in a worsening @entity0 condition after a period of normalization of @entity4 with intensive insulin therapy. Although decreasing BG variability is an important aspect of @entity4 management, new onset events of variability may be a sentinel warning or occur as a physiologic response to a worsening @entity0 condition. If so, these events warrant rapid investigation and treatment of the underlying problem.

title: Case discussion in blood XXXX variability.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although electronic medical records (EMRs) have facilitated care for @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), analyses of treatment outcomes have required paper based or manually re-entered data. We have started EMR discrete data entry for @entity3 @entity0 visits, including joint examination and global assessment, by physician and @entity0 . In this preliminary study, we extracted data from the EMR to Xenobase    (TransMed Systems, Inc., Cupertino, CA), an application permitting cohort analyses of the relationship between global assessment to joint examination and subtype. METHODS: During clinic visits, data were entered into discrete fields in ambulatory visit forms in the EMR (EpicCare   , Epic Systems, Verona, WI). Data were extracted using Clarity Reports, then de-identified and uploaded for analyses to Xenobase   . Parameters included joint examination, ILAR diagnostic classification, physician global assessment, @entity0 global assessment, and @entity0 @entity1 score. Data for a single visit for each of 160 @entity0 over a 2 month period, beginning March, 2010, were analyzed. RESULTS: In systemic @entity3 @entity0 , strong correlations for physician global assessment were found with @entity1 score, joint count and @entity0 assessment. In contrast, physician assessment for @entity0 with persistent oligoarticular and rheumatoid factor negative @entity0 showed strong correlation with joint counts, but only moderate correlation with @entity1 scores and @entity0 global assessment. Conversely, for @entity3 @entity0 , physician assessment correlated strongly with @entity1 scores, and moderately with joint count and @entity0 global assessment. @entity3 @entity0 , the smallest group studied, showed moderate correlation for all three measures. @entity0 global assessment for systemic @entity0 showed strong correlations with @entity1 scores and joint count, similar to data for physician assessment. For polyarticular and @entity3 @entity0 , correlation of @entity0 global assessment with @entity1 scores was strong. Moderate correlations were found between @entity0 global assessment and joint count in oligoarticular and polyarticular @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Data extraction from the EMR is feasible and useful to evaluate @entity3 @entity0 for indicators of treatment responsiveness. In this pilot study, we found correlates for physician global assessment of @entity2 differed, according to disease subtype. Further data extraction and analyses will determine if these findings can be confirmed, and will assess other outcome measures, compare longitudinal responses to treatment, and export extracted data to multi-center databases.

title: Physician assessment of disease activity in XXXX subtypes. Analysis of data extracted from electronic medical records.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review retrospectively initial experience at a single institution using frameless image-guided radiosurgery (IGRS) for @entity3 employing the Novalis linear accelerator (LINAC) with ExacTrac robotic @entity0 positioning device. METHODS: Over an 18-month period, 44 @entity0 (27 @entity0 and 17 @entity0 ; median age 65 years) were treated with frameless IGRS for typical @entity3 (14 cases involved left-sided @entity1 and 30 cases involved right-sided @entity1 ), responsive to anticonvulsant medications, with Barrow Neurological Institute @entity1 Scale (BNI-PS) scores of 4 or 5. All cases were initial radiosurgery treatments with an isocenter dose of 90 Gy delivered via a 4-mm circular collimator forming a spheroid dose envelope. Intrafraction positioning data were collected for all @entity0 . The median follow-up was 15 months. RESULTS: Overall intrafraction positioning error was 0.49 mm    0.44. After treatment, 40 @entity0 achieved a BNI-PS score of IIIb or better; 19 @entity0 achieved a BNI-PS score of I. The median time to @entity1 relief was 4 weeks. Overall, new @entity2 was seen in five @entity0 . No other complications were seen. CONCLUSIONS: Use of frameless IGRS methods for treatment of @entity3 showed results similar to the authors' prior experience with frame-based treatment methods. IGRS using frameless methods is a suitable treatment method for @entity0 with @entity3 and may be applicable to other functional indications.

title: Frameless image-guided radiosurgery for initial treatment of typical XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to determine the rational of radical surgery with intra-operative high-dose radiotherapy after chemoradiation ( @entity3 -CT) in extra cervical locally advanced @entity1 (LACC) @entity0 . METHODS: Between 2000 and 2007, 42 LACC (stage IIA bulky- @entity7 ) @entity0 were treated at the Gynecologic Oncology Unit of the C.R.O. of Aviano in a Phase II Clinical Trial. Radiotherapy was administered to the whole pelvic region (50.4 Gy in 28 fractions) in combination with @entity4 (60 mg/mq) plus @entity6 (750 mg/mq for 4 days) on first and fifth week of @entity3 . Radical surgery with Intra-Operative Radiation Therapy (IORT) was performed 6-8 weeks after the end of @entity3 -CT treatment. RESULTS: After @entity3 -CT, 35/42 @entity0 (83%) underwent radical surgery and IORT treatment. At pathologic examination 8/35 (23%) @entity0 showed complete response, while the rest (27/35) had residual disease either microscopic (17/27) or gross (10/27). The 5-year disease free survival (DFS) and the 5-year @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were 46% and 49% respectively. There were significant better DFS and @entity5 when @entity2 was absent or limited to the cervix, respectively 78% versus 16% and 81% versus 20% (p < 0.001). All recurrences occurred within 24 months from treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 -CT followed by surgery and IORT in LACC @entity0 seems to be active in a subgroup of @entity0 with pathological complete response to treatment or partial response with @entity2 limited to the cervix.

title: Multimodality approach in extra cervical locally advanced XXXX : chemoradiation, surgery and intra-operative radiation therapy. A phase II trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present a new case of an uncommon complication of a @entity4 . To our knowledge, there are only few published cases of benign @entity2 ( @entity3 ) presenting with @entity1 @entity5 in females. Epithelioid @entity3 is a recently described rare variant of @entity2 . It can occur in @entity0 with or without @entity7 , and may potentially be malignant. Benign @entity2 AML rarely presents with evidence of extension into the renal vein, inferior vena cava (IVC) or atrium. We report a case of a benign renal @entity3 with a @entity1 @entity5 to the IVC in a 46-year-old female who presented with right-sided @entity6 associated with a right sided abdominal mass. METHODS: Right Radical nephrectomy with IVC @entity1 thrombectomy. RESULTS: @entity0 is totally asymptomatic. At 1 month after surgery, an abdominal ultrasound showed no evidence of @entity5 within the IVC. CT scan of the abdomen at 3 months post-operatively showed no evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of @entity3 with IVC @entity5 is warranted in view of risk of @entity1 and to prevent @entity1 embolus to the heart or lungs.

title: Benign XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present a new case of an uncommon complication of a @entity4 . To our knowledge, there are only few published cases of benign @entity2 ( @entity3 ) presenting with @entity1 @entity5 in females. Epithelioid @entity3 is a recently described rare variant of @entity2 . It can occur in @entity0 with or without @entity7 , and may potentially be malignant. Benign @entity2 AML rarely presents with evidence of extension into the renal vein, inferior vena cava (IVC) or atrium. We report a case of a benign renal @entity3 with a @entity1 @entity5 to the IVC in a 46-year-old female who presented with right-sided @entity6 associated with a right sided abdominal mass. METHODS: Right Radical nephrectomy with IVC @entity1 thrombectomy. RESULTS: @entity0 is totally asymptomatic. At 1 month after surgery, an abdominal ultrasound showed no evidence of @entity5 within the IVC. CT scan of the abdomen at 3 months post-operatively showed no evidence of recurrence. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of @entity3 with IVC @entity5 is warranted in view of risk of @entity1 and to prevent @entity1 embolus to the heart or lungs.

title: Benign @entity2 with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 dialysis using the Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS) has been found to be beneficial in the treatment of cirrhotic @entity0 with acute decompensation to improve survival as well as reduce associated complications. The present study attempts to analyze the costs involved, and compare it to the benefit as a result of the MARS therapy, thus evaluating its cost-effectiveness. Using the results of a study by Kim et al. describing the effects of complications on the cost of hospitalization in @entity3 @entity0 , the expenditure incurred in a group of 11 @entity0 treated with standard medical therapy (five survivors) and a group of 12 @entity0 treated with MARS in addition (11 survivors) (Heemann et al., Hepatology 2002) were analyzed. MARS resulted in a reduction of in-hospital deaths, as well as @entity1 . Both these factors led to a substantial reduction of costs in the MARS group, which was enough to counterbalance the extra costs associated with extra-corporeal therapy. In the control group, the total hospitalization cost per survivor were calculated to be at  35,904. In the MARS group, the overall expenditure per survivor including standard medical therapy plus additional MARS liver support therapy were  32,036--a saving of nearly  4000 compared to the control group. Therefore, it appears that the benefits of MARS therapy are enough to justify the cost of treatment and safe hospital costs, at least in the described population. However, further studies are needed to confirm these results.

title: XXXX dialysis in cirrhosis with superimposed acute liver injury: possible impact of @entity2 dialysis on hospitalization costs.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 dialysis using the Molecular Adsorbents Recirculating System (MARS) has been found to be beneficial in the treatment of cirrhotic @entity0 with acute decompensation to improve survival as well as reduce associated complications. The present study attempts to analyze the costs involved, and compare it to the benefit as a result of the MARS therapy, thus evaluating its cost-effectiveness. Using the results of a study by Kim et al. describing the effects of complications on the cost of hospitalization in @entity3 @entity0 , the expenditure incurred in a group of 11 @entity0 treated with standard medical therapy (five survivors) and a group of 12 @entity0 treated with MARS in addition (11 survivors) (Heemann et al., Hepatology 2002) were analyzed. MARS resulted in a reduction of in-hospital deaths, as well as @entity1 . Both these factors led to a substantial reduction of costs in the MARS group, which was enough to counterbalance the extra costs associated with extra-corporeal therapy. In the control group, the total hospitalization cost per survivor were calculated to be at  35,904. In the MARS group, the overall expenditure per survivor including standard medical therapy plus additional MARS liver support therapy were  32,036--a saving of nearly  4000 compared to the control group. Therefore, it appears that the benefits of MARS therapy are enough to justify the cost of treatment and safe hospital costs, at least in the described population. However, further studies are needed to confirm these results.

title: @entity2 dialysis in cirrhosis with superimposed acute liver injury: possible impact of XXXX dialysis on hospitalization costs.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This report describes the cascade of stressful events and secondary life changes experienced by parents in a case of alleged @entity1 at a day care program. The study evaluated parents' @entity2 ( @entity2 ) symptoms and general psychological responses to the stressful events 4 years after the alleged abuse, and explored predictive factors of parental distress. METHODS: A total of 39 parents were interviewed about stressful events, life changes, and social support. Current distress reactions, psychological wellbeing, and locus of control were assessed with a battery of standardized measures. RESULTS: Hearing about the @entity1 , testifying in court, hearing the verdict, and being exposed in media reports were all rated by the parents as distressing events. The majority of the parents experienced secondary life changes after the alleged @entity1 . Four years after the alleged @entity1 , one-third of the parents reported a high level of @entity2 Intrusive symptoms and one-fourth reported a high level of @entity2 Avoidance symptoms. There was a significant positive correlation between a measure of psychological wellbeing and @entity2 . Secondary life changes and locus of control significantly predicted @entity2 . CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the alleged @entity1 of @entity0 in day care and the resulting events in the legal system and the media constitute significant and chronic stressors in the lives of the @entity0 's parents. These findings underscore the need to expand the focus of trauma-related sequelae from the @entity0 victim to their parents and family.

title: Alleged XXXX at a day care center: impact on parents.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Acute @entity3 seems to represent a rare extraintestinal manifestation of @entity1 usually appearing after the establishment of diagnosis of the @entity4 . The aim of this study was to describe the clinicoepidemiological characteristics and clinical course of three @entity0 with @entity1 who developed @entity2 years before the establishment of diagnosis @entity4 . DESCRIPTION OF CASES: All @entity0 were suffering from @entity1 . In all @entity0 , an extensive work-up aiming to identify an etiological factor involved in the pathogenesis of acute @entity3 was negative. The main clinical characteristics of the @entity0 were the young age, the mild or moderate degree of severity of @entity3 , and the concurrent involvement of small and large bowel from @entity1 in two of them. There was no preference for either male or female sex. The course of @entity3 was favorable in all @entity0 . During the follow-up period, ranging from 2 to 8 years, no exacerbation of @entity3 was noticed. CONCLUSION: This case-series suggests that @entity2 could precede diagnosis of @entity1 . Clinicians must bear in mind the possibility of the existence of @entity1 when they are confronting a young @entity0 with clinical and laboratory features of @entity2 .

title: Acute XXXX preceding diagnosis of @entity1 . Description of three cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Acute @entity3 seems to represent a rare extraintestinal manifestation of @entity1 usually appearing after the establishment of diagnosis of the @entity4 . The aim of this study was to describe the clinicoepidemiological characteristics and clinical course of three @entity0 with @entity1 who developed @entity2 years before the establishment of diagnosis @entity4 . DESCRIPTION OF CASES: All @entity0 were suffering from @entity1 . In all @entity0 , an extensive work-up aiming to identify an etiological factor involved in the pathogenesis of acute @entity3 was negative. The main clinical characteristics of the @entity0 were the young age, the mild or moderate degree of severity of @entity3 , and the concurrent involvement of small and large bowel from @entity1 in two of them. There was no preference for either male or female sex. The course of @entity3 was favorable in all @entity0 . During the follow-up period, ranging from 2 to 8 years, no exacerbation of @entity3 was noticed. CONCLUSION: This case-series suggests that @entity2 could precede diagnosis of @entity1 . Clinicians must bear in mind the possibility of the existence of @entity1 when they are confronting a young @entity0 with clinical and laboratory features of @entity2 .

title: Acute @entity3 preceding diagnosis of XXXX . Description of three cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In @entity0 , biofilm formation is controlled by a cell-to-cell signalling circuit relying on the secretion of @entity3 and C4-HSL. Previous studies suggested that C4-HSL plays no significant role in biofilm formation. However the wild-type PAO1 strain PAO-BI, used as a control in these studies is itself impaired in the production of @entity4 . We wondered therefore whether the role of C4-HSL in biofilm formation might have been underestimated, and whether @entity1 inhibits biofilm formation by interfering with cell-to-cell signalling. METHODS: We used isogenic mutants of wild-type PAO1 strains PAO-BI and PT5 in a static biofilm model. Biofilm formation was quantified using Crystal Violet staining and exopolysaccharide measurements. RESULTS: Wild-type strain PAO-BI, as a result of its reduced C4-HSL secretion, produced 40% less biofilm compared with the wild-type PAO1 strain PT5. Using isogenic mutants of strain PT5 we have shown that whereas a lasI mutant (deficient in @entity3 ) produced similar amounts of biofilm to the wild-type, a rhlI mutant ( @entity2 ) produced 70% less biofilm. In the latter strain, biofilm formation could be restored by addition of exogenous C4-HSL. @entity1 , known to reduce the production of both @entity3 and C4-HSL, inhibited biofilm formation of wild-type PT5 by 45%. This inhibition could be reversed by the addition of both cell-to-cell signals. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that C4-HSL also plays a significant role in biofilm formation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential of using cell-to-cell signalling blocking agents such as @entity1 to interfere with biofilm formation.

title: Biofilm formation by XXXX : role of the C4-HSL cell-to-cell signal and inhibition by @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In @entity0 , biofilm formation is controlled by a cell-to-cell signalling circuit relying on the secretion of @entity3 and C4-HSL. Previous studies suggested that C4-HSL plays no significant role in biofilm formation. However the wild-type PAO1 strain PAO-BI, used as a control in these studies is itself impaired in the production of @entity4 . We wondered therefore whether the role of C4-HSL in biofilm formation might have been underestimated, and whether @entity1 inhibits biofilm formation by interfering with cell-to-cell signalling. METHODS: We used isogenic mutants of wild-type PAO1 strains PAO-BI and PT5 in a static biofilm model. Biofilm formation was quantified using Crystal Violet staining and exopolysaccharide measurements. RESULTS: Wild-type strain PAO-BI, as a result of its reduced C4-HSL secretion, produced 40% less biofilm compared with the wild-type PAO1 strain PT5. Using isogenic mutants of strain PT5 we have shown that whereas a lasI mutant (deficient in @entity3 ) produced similar amounts of biofilm to the wild-type, a rhlI mutant ( @entity2 ) produced 70% less biofilm. In the latter strain, biofilm formation could be restored by addition of exogenous C4-HSL. @entity1 , known to reduce the production of both @entity3 and C4-HSL, inhibited biofilm formation of wild-type PT5 by 45%. This inhibition could be reversed by the addition of both cell-to-cell signals. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that C4-HSL also plays a significant role in biofilm formation. Furthermore, we demonstrate the potential of using cell-to-cell signalling blocking agents such as @entity1 to interfere with biofilm formation.

title: Biofilm formation by @entity0 : role of the C4-HSL cell-to-cell signal and inhibition by XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity4 gene, @entity5 , regulates circadian rhythm in @entity2 , but its vertebrate homolog is critical to embryonic development. @entity7 was shown to be involved in @entity0 urethral bud branching morphogenesis. We generated a polyclonal antibody to @entity0 @entity7 ( @entity8 ) and studied its distribution and its potential role during lung development, which also requires branching morphogenesis. In the early @entity0 embryo, @entity8 was localized to all organs, especially the neural epithelium. In embryonic day (E) 9.5 embryos, @entity8 was present in both epithelial and mesenchymal cells at the onset of lung morphogenesis. In E15 embryos, @entity8 decreased in the mesenchyme but remained pronounced in the epithelium of both large and small airways. Later, @entity8 was localized to a specific subset of epithelial cells with @entity1 phenotype. This finding was verified by immunostaining of isolated @entity1 cells. In the proximal airways, @entity8 was colocalized with @entity6 to nonciliated columnar epithelial cells. Antisense oligonucleotides to @entity8 specifically inhibited branching morphogenesis of embryonic lungs in explant culture without affecting @entity3 expression an @entity1 cell marker. In cultured lung cells, expression of @entity8 is independent of cell cycle and proliferation. These studies indicate that the function of @entity7 is highly conserved in organs whose formation requires branching morphogenesis.

title: XXXX in lung morphogenesis.

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to estimate the mechanical properties (elasticity) of normal and @entity0 prostate tissues and to develop a tissue elasticity map for the diagnosis and localization of @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 735 sites from 35 radical prostatectomy specimens were used in the experiments using a robotic palpation system, and the elasticities of the specimens were estimated by a tissue characterization algorithm. The estimated elasticities from 21 regions were separated into normal and @entity0 tissues using the pathological information, and a tissue elasticity map was developed using numerical functions and a nonlinear surface-fitting method. RESULTS: The mean elastic moduli of the normal and @entity0 tissues were 15.25        5.88 and 28.80        11.20   kPa, respectively. The base region had the highest elasticity, followed by the medial and apex regions. These results demonstrated the ability to separate the @entity0 tissue from the normal tissue based on its elastic modulus. The tissue elasticity mapping was carried out using the estimated elasticity and nonlinear surface fitting. The proposed map showed the elasticity and was used to estimate the elastic modulus of the prostate at any given region. CONCLUSION: Tissue elasticity may be an important indicator of @entity1 because the pathologic changes alter the tissue properties, including cell integrity and intercellular matrix. This work provides quantitative and objective information for the diagnosis of @entity1 . In addition, these results may have implications for the localization of @entity1 .

title: Robotic palpation-based mechanical property mapping for diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This article describes the @entity0 management processes developed during the Council of Australian Governments (COAG) coordinated care trial and use of health outcome measures to monitor changes in utilisation patterns and @entity0 well-being over time for a subgroup of 398 @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 . DESIGN: The Eyre component of the South Australian (SA) HealthPlus coordinated care trial was a matched geographically controlled study in which the outcomes for the intervention group of 1350 @entity0 were compared with those of a similar control group of 500 @entity0 in another rural health region in SA. SETTING: The trial was carried out on Eyre Peninsula in SA across populations in rural communities and in the main centres of Whyalla, Port Lincoln and Ceduna. Care planning was organised through general practitioner practices and services negotiated with allied health services and hospitals to meet @entity0 needs. SUBJECTS: The SA HealthPlus trial included 1350 @entity0 with @entity2 . A subset of this group comprising 398 @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 is described in this report. @entity0 recruited into the three-year trial were care planned using a @entity0 centred care planning model through which @entity0 goals were generated along with medical management goals developed by clinicians and primary health care professionals. Relevant health services were scheduled in line with best practice and care plans were reviewed each year. @entity0 service utilisation, progress towards achieving health related goals and @entity0 health outcomes were recorded and assessed to determine improvements in health and well-being along with the cost and profile of the services provided. RESULTS: Significant numbers of @entity0 experienced improved health outcomes as a consequence of their involvement in the trial, and utilisation data showed reductions in hospital and medical expenditure for some @entity0 . These results suggest that methods applied in the SA HealthPlus coordinated care trial have led to improvements in health outcomes for @entity0 with @entity1 and other @entity2 . In addition, the processes associated with the COAG trial motivated significant organisational change in the Regional Health Service as well as providing an opportunity to study the health and well-being outcomes resulting from a major community health intervention. CONCLUSIONS: The importance of the SA HealthPlus trial has been the demonstrated link between a formal research trial and significant developments in the larger health system with the trial not only leading to improvements in clinical outcomes for @entity0 , but also acting as a catalyst for organisational reform. We now need to look beyond the illness focus of health outcome research to develop population based health approaches to improving overall community well-being.

title: Beyond community-based XXXX management and the COAG coordinated care trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A corridor of double potentials along the ablation line has been recognized to be an indicator of complete cavotricuspid isthmus block. @entity3 is used to confirm cavotricuspid isthmus block, but the effects of @entity3 on the double potential interval (DPI), either in the absence or presence of @entity2 , are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity0 with isthmus-dependent @entity1 underwent successful ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus. The procedure was performed in the drug-free state in 23 @entity0 , and 2 to 7 days after discontinuation of chronic @entity2 therapy in 9 @entity0 . Electrograms recorded along the ablation line before and during @entity3 infusion were analyzed after isthmus block was achieved. Double potentials were recorded along the entire ablation line upon achievement of complete isthmus block in all @entity0 . The DPI in 9 @entity0 treated with @entity2 was longer than in the other @entity0 (147 +/- 32 msec vs 119 +/- 19 msec, P < 0.001). The DPI increased as the pacing cycle length shortened in @entity0 treated with @entity2 , but not in the other @entity0 . At all pacing cycle lengths, @entity3 shortened the DPI to a greater extent in the @entity0 treated with @entity2 than in the other @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity2 results in rate-dependent prolongation of the DPI during coronary sinus pacing after ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus. @entity3 shortens the DPI despite the presence of complete isthmus block, and this effect is accentuated in the presence of @entity2 .

title: Effects of @entity3 and XXXX on the double potential interval after ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A corridor of double potentials along the ablation line has been recognized to be an indicator of complete cavotricuspid isthmus block. @entity3 is used to confirm cavotricuspid isthmus block, but the effects of @entity3 on the double potential interval (DPI), either in the absence or presence of @entity2 , are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity0 with isthmus-dependent @entity1 underwent successful ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus. The procedure was performed in the drug-free state in 23 @entity0 , and 2 to 7 days after discontinuation of chronic @entity2 therapy in 9 @entity0 . Electrograms recorded along the ablation line before and during @entity3 infusion were analyzed after isthmus block was achieved. Double potentials were recorded along the entire ablation line upon achievement of complete isthmus block in all @entity0 . The DPI in 9 @entity0 treated with @entity2 was longer than in the other @entity0 (147 +/- 32 msec vs 119 +/- 19 msec, P < 0.001). The DPI increased as the pacing cycle length shortened in @entity0 treated with @entity2 , but not in the other @entity0 . At all pacing cycle lengths, @entity3 shortened the DPI to a greater extent in the @entity0 treated with @entity2 than in the other @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity2 results in rate-dependent prolongation of the DPI during coronary sinus pacing after ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus. @entity3 shortens the DPI despite the presence of complete isthmus block, and this effect is accentuated in the presence of @entity2 .

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity2 on the double potential interval after ablation of the cavotricuspid isthmus.

answer: @entity3