abstract: A total of 859 @entity0 presenting for outpatient rhinoplasty were divided into two groups that received intravenous sedation of @entity1 0.1 mg/kg either with or without @entity2 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg immediately prior to conduct of the local anesthetic injections and surgery. Additional @entity1 was given intraoperatively as needed. No @entity0 received narcotic either as premedication or intraoperatively. @entity0 were evaluated by the surgeon on their response to the injections and surgery, and @entity0 were given a questionnaire 1 week postoperatively to examine their response to and recall of the procedure. Scoring by both the surgeon and @entity0 revealed that the great majority of @entity0 in both groups had adequate "sedation." @entity0 from both groups related a high degree of satisfaction (> 90 percent) with the technique of sedation. The differences between the two study groups achieved statistical significance only on 4 of the 12 parameters investigated. Those who had received only @entity1 were less likely to vocalize during the surgery or to experience the procedure as being of undue duration. Those who had also received @entity2 had a lesser chance of remembering the local anesthetic injections (11.1 versus 19.8 percent) and a lesser likelihood of being dissatisfied with their surgical experience (3.3 versus 7.4 percent). In conclusion, the use of an opioid-free sedative technique of intravenous @entity1 was highly successful in meeting the needs of both @entity0 and surgeons. The addition of a single preblock dose of intravenous @entity2 to intravenous @entity1 sedation for rhinoplasty does not improve intraoperative conditions for the surgeon in terms of @entity0 behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A comparison of sedation techniques for outpatient rhinoplasty: @entity1 versus XXXX plus @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity11 is a new anxiolytic agent with an original chemical structure. Its activity in doses of 15 to 30 mg per day has been demonstrated in @entity0 presenting with manifestations of generalized @entity3 . Its mode of action is still imperfectly known; in animals, it influences several neuromediator systems but does not act on @entity8 receptors. Its main pharmacokinetic features are: complete absorption when given orally, short half-life (4 to 8 h), reduced plasma clearance in @entity0 with @entity9 or @entity1 and no major interaction with most of the other psychotropic drugs. Controlled clinical studies have provided evidence of its anxiolytic properties; against @entity3 symptoms @entity11 has proved more effective than placebo and as effective as several reference @entity8 derivatives, with a lesser incidence of sedative effects. However, it is not effective in the treatment of @entity8 withdrawal. @entity6 and moderate @entity2 have been reported in less than 10 p. 100 of the @entity0 treated. Administered acutely, @entity11 does not seem to alter cognitive mechanisms. Unlike @entity8 , it does not potentiate the effects of @entity4 and does not lead to @entity7 . Its usefulness in @entity10 , @entity5 states and obsessional symptoms remains to be determined.

title: [ XXXX : pharmacological and clinical properties of the first member of a new anxiolytic drug family].

answer: @entity11


abstract: The @entity3 (2-DG) method was used to study regional metabolic changes in @entity0 following chronic @entity4 treatment without subsequent challenges. Four groups of @entity0 were pretreated (intraperitoneal administration) with @entity4 (0, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg) once per day for 14 days. After a 7-day abstinence period without further challenge, the 2-DG method was used to measure the rates of local cerebral @entity2 utilization (LCGU). Significant metabolic changes among the four groups were found in five brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens and the lateral habenular nucleus. Another four groups of @entity0 with the same pretreatment regimens, challenged with 5 mg/kg @entity4 , were used for behavioral testing. The results showed intense @entity1 in the 5 mg/kg and the 10 mg/kg groups. In the steady state, however, there were no significant @entity2 utilization changes in the nigrostriatal system, which is thought to be related to @entity1 . During steady state, metabolic changes were found in a limited number of brain regions. No difference in LCGU was found in the sensitization-related regions. Further challenges with stimulants may be necessary to investigate the metabolic responses after sensitization.

title: Alterations in local cerebral XXXX utilization in @entity0 after chronic amphetamine administration without subsequent challenge.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity3 (2-DG) method was used to study regional metabolic changes in @entity0 following chronic @entity4 treatment without subsequent challenges. Four groups of @entity0 were pretreated (intraperitoneal administration) with @entity4 (0, 1, 5, or 10 mg/kg) once per day for 14 days. After a 7-day abstinence period without further challenge, the 2-DG method was used to measure the rates of local cerebral @entity2 utilization (LCGU). Significant metabolic changes among the four groups were found in five brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens and the lateral habenular nucleus. Another four groups of @entity0 with the same pretreatment regimens, challenged with 5 mg/kg @entity4 , were used for behavioral testing. The results showed intense @entity1 in the 5 mg/kg and the 10 mg/kg groups. In the steady state, however, there were no significant @entity2 utilization changes in the nigrostriatal system, which is thought to be related to @entity1 . During steady state, metabolic changes were found in a limited number of brain regions. No difference in LCGU was found in the sensitization-related regions. Further challenges with stimulants may be necessary to investigate the metabolic responses after sensitization.

title: Alterations in local cerebral @entity2 utilization in XXXX after chronic amphetamine administration without subsequent challenge.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: A modified pigtail catheter for angiographic documentation and mechanical fragmentation of @entity3 was evaluated for its efficacy and safety. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Rotation of the 5-F pigtail catheter was performed with an electric drive or a handle. The wire left an oval side hole at the outer curvature and served as an @entity2 . Fragmentation properties were assessed in vitro. Pulmonary positioning, steerability, rotation behavior, and safety were tested in six @entity4 . @entity3 were recanalized in eight @entity0 . RESULTS: The catheter system was promptly positioned and easily steered in the pulmonary arteries. On average, 53% of the occluded pulmonary arteries were recanalized. Recanalization reduced the emboli-induced elevation of the pulmonary artery mean pressure by 73%. Slight perivascular @entity1 occurred in three @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Rapid partial recanalization was achieved with relative ease of instrumentation. The technique is an extension of the commonly performed pigtail catheterization of the pulmonary arteries, which may increase its clinical acceptance.

title: XXXX : use of a rotatable pigtail catheter for diagnosis and fragmentation therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish imaging criteria for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven computed tomographic (CT) scans and 11 magnetic resonance (MR) images obtained in 32 @entity0 with @entity4 were reviewed. Images in 10 @entity0 with @entity4 and 16 with soft-tissue masses were evaluated blindly. RESULTS: At CT, all 27 @entity0 had @entity1 with heterogeneous attenuation; 26 @entity0 had a focal fluid collection, with rim enhancement in all 18 @entity0 who underwent contrast material-enhanced CT. Twenty-four @entity0 had @entity3 . At MR imaging, all 11 @entity0 had both a subtle increase in signal intensity in the affected muscle(s) on T1-weighted images and @entity3 . Nine @entity0 had a focal fluid collection, which had high signal intensity and a hypointense rim on T2-weighted images. In six @entity0 , a rim of increased signal intensity was seen around the collection on T1-weighted images. Six @entity2 -enhanced examinations demonstrated rim enhancement. Eight @entity0 had fluid in the distal joint. All @entity0 with @entity4 were correctly identified when evaluated with the control subjects; however, there were four false-positive results. CONCLUSION: CT and MR imaging can help characterize changes that are suspicious for @entity4 .

title: XXXX : characteristics at CT and MR imaging.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Striational autoantibodies (StrAb) are a useful serologic marker of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We compared a standard immunofluorescence method with a new enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detection of StrAb. Retrospective testing of 264 stored sera by the two methods yielded well-correlated results (58 sera were positive by both assays; r = 0.8). For 104 @entity0 with spontaneously acquired @entity3 or @entity2 , results were 100% concordant, of which 53% were positive. For 34 recipients of @entity5 , StrAb were found in 15% by EIA and in 6% by immunofluorescence. StrAb were detected in two of four bone marrow recipients by EIA and in one by immunofluorescence. Prospective testing of 434 fresh sera (of which 49 were positive by the two methods) yielded discordant results in only 4. Serial EIA quantitation of StrAb in two @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 proved useful in monitoring immunosuppressant therapy and in a third @entity0 predicted recurrence of the @entity1 . A high prevalence of StrAb was detected by both assays in elderly @entity0 with spontaneous @entity3 , but StrAb were more readily quantifiable by EIA. The EIA method proved to be highly sensitive and specific for detecting StrAb in @entity0 with @entity2 with and without @entity3 , in @entity0 treated with @entity5 , and in those with @entity4 after bone marrow transplantation.

title: Striational autoantibodies: quantitative detection by enzyme immunoassay in XXXX , @entity2 , and recipients of @entity5 or allogeneic bone marrow.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Striational autoantibodies (StrAb) are a useful serologic marker of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We compared a standard immunofluorescence method with a new enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detection of StrAb. Retrospective testing of 264 stored sera by the two methods yielded well-correlated results (58 sera were positive by both assays; r = 0.8). For 104 @entity0 with spontaneously acquired @entity3 or @entity2 , results were 100% concordant, of which 53% were positive. For 34 recipients of @entity5 , StrAb were found in 15% by EIA and in 6% by immunofluorescence. StrAb were detected in two of four bone marrow recipients by EIA and in one by immunofluorescence. Prospective testing of 434 fresh sera (of which 49 were positive by the two methods) yielded discordant results in only 4. Serial EIA quantitation of StrAb in two @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 proved useful in monitoring immunosuppressant therapy and in a third @entity0 predicted recurrence of the @entity1 . A high prevalence of StrAb was detected by both assays in elderly @entity0 with spontaneous @entity3 , but StrAb were more readily quantifiable by EIA. The EIA method proved to be highly sensitive and specific for detecting StrAb in @entity0 with @entity2 with and without @entity3 , in @entity0 treated with @entity5 , and in those with @entity4 after bone marrow transplantation.

title: Striational autoantibodies: quantitative detection by enzyme immunoassay in @entity3 , XXXX , and recipients of @entity5 or allogeneic bone marrow.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Striational autoantibodies (StrAb) are a useful serologic marker of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We compared a standard immunofluorescence method with a new enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detection of StrAb. Retrospective testing of 264 stored sera by the two methods yielded well-correlated results (58 sera were positive by both assays; r = 0.8). For 104 @entity0 with spontaneously acquired @entity3 or @entity2 , results were 100% concordant, of which 53% were positive. For 34 recipients of @entity5 , StrAb were found in 15% by EIA and in 6% by immunofluorescence. StrAb were detected in two of four bone marrow recipients by EIA and in one by immunofluorescence. Prospective testing of 434 fresh sera (of which 49 were positive by the two methods) yielded discordant results in only 4. Serial EIA quantitation of StrAb in two @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity2 proved useful in monitoring immunosuppressant therapy and in a third @entity0 predicted recurrence of the @entity1 . A high prevalence of StrAb was detected by both assays in elderly @entity0 with spontaneous @entity3 , but StrAb were more readily quantifiable by EIA. The EIA method proved to be highly sensitive and specific for detecting StrAb in @entity0 with @entity2 with and without @entity3 , in @entity0 treated with @entity5 , and in those with @entity4 after bone marrow transplantation.

title: Striational autoantibodies: quantitative detection by enzyme immunoassay in @entity3 , @entity2 , and recipients of XXXX or allogeneic bone marrow.

answer: @entity5


abstract: During a prospective investigation of oral lesions of 120 consecutive @entity0 positive for @entity0 @entity1 virus, belonging to the intravenous drug abuser risk group and other risk categories, we observed @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in 23 cases (19%). The median age of the @entity0 was 27 years (range, 20 to 50 years). Twenty @entity0 were @entity0 and three were @entity0 . All but two of the twenty three @entity0 used intravenous drugs for a median period of 6 years (range, 5 to 18 years) and were involved in several episodes of needle sharing. Eight @entity0 were also bisexual, one @entity0 was homosexual, and one @entity0 was hemophiliac and bisexual. Eleven @entity0 had @entity4 , five had @entity7 , six had @entity7 , and one had @entity2 . In all @entity0 , @entity8 lesions were localized on the lateral borders of the tongue. In twelve @entity0 , the lesion was unilateral, and in eleven @entity0 , it was bilateral. Microscopically, hyperparakeratosis and the presence of koilocytes were observed in all cases. Surface @entity6 could be detected with staining with periodic acid-Schiff in two thirds of the cases. In four cases, electron microscopy showed the presence of intracellular and extracellular hyphae of @entity5 in the parakeratin layer associated with coccobacilli in the spaces between surface epithelial cells. The spinous layer included koilocytes, which had a clear cytoplasmic matrix, sparse organelles and tonofilaments, and dispersed chromatin. These cells were found to be infected by a herpes-type virus in all cases examined. There was no ultrastructural evidence of @entity3 in the nuclei of the epithelial cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Oral XXXX among HIV-positive intravenous drug abusers: a clinicopathologic and ultrastructural study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The effect of mode of delivery on the mortality and morbidity of 26- to 32-week neonates was studied. Five hundred six consecutive deliveries at 26 to 32 weeks' gestation were reviewed. The populations were divided into high-risk and low-risk neonates by evaluation of antepartum variables known to increase neonatal risk, ie, @entity4 . One hundred ninety-six @entity0 were classified as low risk. In this group, 124 vaginal and 72 cesarean section deliveries were compared using demographic, peripartum, and neonatal variables. Cesarean delivery was associated with highly significant maternal morbidity, including a 30% incidence of vertical uterine incision. No difference in neonatal mortality was shown. Cesarean delivery was associated with lower one-minute Apgar scores and a greater incidence and severity of @entity5 . No neonatal differences were shown in the incidence of @entity1 , @entity3 , or @entity2 . This study does not support cesarean delivery of all tiny neonates.

title: Effect of mode of delivery on morbidity and mortality of XXXX at early gestational age.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is the most common vector-borne @entity3 in some temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. However, for most areas of @entity2 reliable epidemiologic data are sparse. METHODS: Over a one-year period, we conducted a prospective, population-based survey of cases of @entity6 in southern Sweden. The diagnosis was made on the basis of the presence of @entity7 at least 5 cm in diameter or characteristic clinical manifestations such as @entity4 , @entity8 , and @entity5 . RESULTS: We identified 1471 @entity0 with @entity6 , for an overall annual incidence of 69 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The incidence varied markedly according to geographic region, and there were several areas where disease was widely prevalent. The incidence varied according to age, with the highest rates among @entity0 5 to 9 and 60 to 74 years of age, but not according to sex. The most frequent clinical manifestation was @entity7 (seen in 77 percent of all cases), followed by @entity8 (16 percent) and @entity4 (7 percent). @entity5 was rare. A preceding tick bite was reported by 79 percent of the @entity0 . Bites in the head and neck region were more common among @entity0 than among adults and were associated with an increased risk of @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 is very common in southern Sweden, with a relatively high frequency of @entity1 and @entity4 . With the exception of the low incidence of @entity5 , the pattern of disease we found in Sweden was similar to that reported in the United States.

title: An epidemiologic study of XXXX in southern Sweden.

answer: @entity6


abstract: An element, -186 to -176 base pairs (bp), in the minimal @entity5 ( @entity5 ) promoter binds @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and is important for both constitutive expression and TSH/ @entity1 -induced negative autoregulation of the @entity5 in thyroid cells. An element on the noncoding strand of the @entity5 , contiguous with the 5'-end of the @entity7 element, has single strand binding activity. It is distinct from the @entity7 site, as evidenced by competition experiments using gel shift assays; but the association of the two elements is not random. Thus, the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) element also exists contiguous to the 5'-end of an upstream @entity7 site, -881 to -866 bp; mutation of two conserved nucleotides in each @entity6 element results in the loss of @entity6 binding and cross-competition. Transfection experiments indicate that full, constitutive @entity5 gene expression in @entity0 thyroid cells requires the binding of both SSBPs and @entity7 , since mutation of either element halves thyroid-specific promoter activity, whereas mutation of both decreases promoter activity to values near those of a control vector. Transfection experiments with @entity0 liver cells support their independent activities and show that the @entity6 site contributes to @entity5 gene expression in non-thyroid tissue. The SSBPs function conjointly with @entity7 in thyroid-specific, TSH/ @entity1 -induced negative autoregulation of the @entity5 . Thus, @entity4 or @entity3 -treated @entity0 cells coordinately decrease @entity5 RNA levels and @entity5 DNA binding to both the SSBPs and @entity7 ; also the maximal TSH/ @entity1 -induced decrease in gene expression requires both elements. The TSH-induced effect in each case is inhibited by @entity2 ; the TSH-induced decrease in @entity6 /DNA complex formation requires the presence of insulin or calf serum, exactly as does TSH-induced down-regulation of @entity5 RNA levels. In sum, full, constitutive expression of the @entity5 in thyroid cells requires @entity7 and the SSBPs to bind separate, contiguous elements on the @entity5 promoter. TSH/ @entity1 decreases the binding of each factor to its respective site, thereby decreasing @entity5 gene expression. The role of the @entity6 and @entity7 sites in constitutive @entity5 expression and in TSH/ @entity1 -induced negative regulation of the @entity5 is, therefore, additive and independent.

title: Single strand DNA-binding proteins and XXXX conjointly regulate thyrotropin receptor gene expression.

answer: @entity7


abstract: In a double-blind randomized clinical trial the efficacy and safety of oral high-dose @entity9 ( @entity9 , T) therapy was compared with that of @entity7 (F) in 10 @entity0 with advanced @entity2 . The efficacy on @entity1 , fluid and electrolyte balance including the influence on @entity4 -angiotensin- @entity5 system and cochlear function was evaluated. @entity0 were randomly allocated to either 500 mg F/d (group 1) or 200 mg T/d (group 2). After 14 days of treatment doses were doubled in each group for further 14 days. With respect to the 2.5 times lower dose of T the clinical effect of both drugs on @entity1 , fluid and @entity6 excretion was equipotent. Significant differences were noted on calciuresis. Serum @entity3 levels were reduced with F, while T had no influence on @entity3 balance. A significant increase in plasma @entity4 activity (PRA) was observed after F, whereas T had no raising effect on PRA. No significant alteration of plasma @entity5 concentration occurred with T or F. No adverse effects were noted in both groups. Serial audiometries showed no significant impairment of cochlear function with both drugs. In conclusion, these results indicate that high-dose T is efficient and safe in the treatment of advanced @entity2 . The lack of a calciuric effect with T can be regarded as an advantage in @entity0 with @entity8 in @entity2 .

title: XXXX for diuretic treatment of advanced @entity2 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: In a double-blind randomized clinical trial the efficacy and safety of oral high-dose @entity9 ( @entity9 , T) therapy was compared with that of @entity7 (F) in 10 @entity0 with advanced @entity2 . The efficacy on @entity1 , fluid and electrolyte balance including the influence on @entity4 -angiotensin- @entity5 system and cochlear function was evaluated. @entity0 were randomly allocated to either 500 mg F/d (group 1) or 200 mg T/d (group 2). After 14 days of treatment doses were doubled in each group for further 14 days. With respect to the 2.5 times lower dose of T the clinical effect of both drugs on @entity1 , fluid and @entity6 excretion was equipotent. Significant differences were noted on calciuresis. Serum @entity3 levels were reduced with F, while T had no influence on @entity3 balance. A significant increase in plasma @entity4 activity (PRA) was observed after F, whereas T had no raising effect on PRA. No significant alteration of plasma @entity5 concentration occurred with T or F. No adverse effects were noted in both groups. Serial audiometries showed no significant impairment of cochlear function with both drugs. In conclusion, these results indicate that high-dose T is efficient and safe in the treatment of advanced @entity2 . The lack of a calciuric effect with T can be regarded as an advantage in @entity0 with @entity8 in @entity2 .

title: @entity9 for diuretic treatment of advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 has been shown to produce biofilms both in experimental flow chambers and in the @entity0 host. Our laboratory has shown that extracellular DNA is an essential component of the gonococcal matrix. We have also identified a gene in @entity2 , which we designated @entity3 . This gene has homology with the staphylococcus-secreted thermonuclease. Our laboratory has characterized @entity3 through phenotypic analysis of a @entity3 deletion mutant. Biofilms grown with this strain are significantly thicker and of greater biomass than the @entity2 1291 parent strain. Confocal microscopy indicates that the increased size of the mutant biofilms appears to be due to elevated amounts of extracellular DNA in the biofilm matrix. Chromosomal complementation of the @entity3 mutation restored the wild-type biofilm phenotype. In addition, we have cloned and expressed the @entity3 protein in @entity1 , and our data indicate that it has the ability to digest multiple forms of DNA and is a thermonuclease. The ability of @entity3 to digest DNA also extends to its ability to disrupt established gonococcal biofilms through degradation of the DNA in the biofilm matrix. Our studies indicate that the @entity2 biofilm contains DNA and that the @entity3 protein appears to play a role in biofilm formation and remodeling.

title: The XXXX biofilm matrix contains DNA, and an endogenous nuclease controls its incorporation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: An increasing number of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are reaching adulthood and may require heart transplantation. The survival of these @entity0 after listing and transplantation has not been evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 41 849 @entity0 (aged >18 years) were listed for primary transplantation during 1995-2009. @entity0 with a history of @entity1 (n=1035; 2.5%) were compared with those with other causes (non- @entity1 group) (n=40 814; 97.5%); 26 055 (62.3%) reached transplantation and were subdivided into those with (reoperation group; n=10 484; 40.2%) and without (nonreoperation group; n=15 571; 59.8%) a previous sternotomy. Survival on the waiting list was similar between groups, but mechanical ventricular assistance was not associated with superior survival to transplantation among @entity1 @entity0 . @entity1 @entity0 were more likely to have body mass index <18.5 at transplantation (P<0.0001), were younger, and had fewer comorbidities. Early mortality among @entity0 with @entity1 was high (reoperation, 18.9% versus 9.6%; P<0.0001; nonreoperation, 16.6% versus 6.3%; P<0.0001), but by 10 years, overall survival was equivalent (53.8% versus 53.6%). Analysis was limited by the lack of specific information regarding the @entity1 diagnosis in most @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Adults with @entity1 have high 30-day mortality but better late survival after heart transplantation. Mechanical circulatory assistance does not improve waiting list survival in these @entity0 . This may be due to a combination of highly complex reoperative surgery and often poor preoperative systemic health.

title: Listing and transplanting adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is frequent in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and can occur at early stages. Whereas functional reorganization with disease progression has been described for the motor system in @entity1 using fMRI, no such studies exist for cognition. We attempted to assess the concept of functional reorganization concerning cognition using a simple "Go/No-go" fMRI paradigm. METHODS: @entity0 with a @entity4 ( @entity4 , n = 10), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) (n = 10), or @entity6 ( @entity6 ) (n = 10), and 28 @entity2 ( @entity2 ), underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery, clinical examination, structural imaging, and an fMRI Go/No-go discrimination task at 3 T. RESULTS: @entity0 performed worse than @entity2 regarding memory, sustained attention and concentration, and information processing. These differences were driven by @entity0 with @entity6 . The fMRI task elicited activation in a widespread network including bilateral mesial and dorsolateral frontal, parietal, insular, basal ganglia, and cerebellar regions. Task performance was similar between phenotypes, but deviation from the activation pattern observed in @entity2 and @entity0 with @entity4 increased with disease progression. @entity0 with @entity5 showed increased brain activation in the precuneus, both superior parietal lobes, and the right fusiform gyrus, and recruited the hippocampus with increasing demands. @entity0 with @entity6 demonstrated the most abnormal network function, including recruitment of pre-SMA, bilateral superior and inferior parietal, dorsolateral prefrontal, right precentral, bilateral postcentral, and right temporal brain areas. CONCLUSION: Using a cognitive fMRI paradigm, we were able to confirm adaptive changes of neuronal activation with progressing @entity1 and to provide strong evidence for their compensatory nature, at least partially.

title: Reorganization in cognitive networks with progression of XXXX : insights from fMRI.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test if serially sampled determinations of the contact system proteins and factor V have prognostic value for @entity1 in @entity0 who develop the @entity2 . DESIGN: Prospective, observational study with sequential measurements in an inception cohort. SETTING: Medical intensive care unit (ICU) in a community hospital. @entity0 : Over a 1-yr period, a population base sample of 23 @entity0 was selected from all ICU admissions who met established criteria for the @entity2 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Components of the contact system, factor XII, prekallikrein, high-molecular-weight kininogen, factor XI, alpha 2-macroglobulin-kallikrein complexes and factor V values were measured in plasma samples collected serially (day of admission, and at 2, 12, 24, 48 and/or 72 hrs or at discharge). Data were analyzed to determine if admission values or serially obtained values within 48 hrs were useful in predicting outcome. Fourteen @entity0 survived and nine died. At admission, in all @entity0 , assay values indicated that @entity4 , @entity3 were significantly lower than normal (as observed in a range of 20 to 23 healthy adults), alpha 2-macroglobulin-kallikrein complexes were higher than normal, while concentrations of factor XII and factor XI were in the normal range. No differences were detected in the admission values between survivors and nonsurvivors, nor between @entity0 with positive or negative blood cultures. However, subsequent values demonstrated a difference in values between survivors and nonsurvivors. Survivors showed improvement in high molecular weight kininogen values and higher than normal factor V values, as compared with nonsurvivors. CONCLUSIONS: Low or persistently low serial factor XII, high-molecular-weight kininogen and factor V values are associated with a poor prognosis, whereas high or increasing values of factor XII, high-molecular-weight kininogen, prekallikrein, and factor V all correlate with a favorable outcome.

title: Prognostic value of assessing contact system activation and factor V in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of standardized scales is critical for monitoring the interventions within and between different populations, but the current Spanish tools are dispersed in several scales. A simple tool for simultaneously and exhaustively evaluating @entity0 's symptoms and @entity2 in Spanish-speaking groups is needed. METHODS: RMBPC was translated into Spanish by cross-cultural adaptation. Comprehensibility and easiness of @entity1 were evaluated with 92 @entity0 -caregiver dyads. Reliability, stability and scale structure were evaluated by Cronbach's a, test-retest and factor analysis respectively. Concurrent and discriminant validity were assessed by correlation with validated tools for measuring stage of @entity4 ; memory, disruptive behaviors and @entity5 symptoms of the @entity0 ; and @entity3 , @entity5 and burden of the caregivers ( @entity8 , MMSE, NPIq, NPI disruption, NPI @entity5 , HADS-A; HADS-D and Zarit Burden Interview respectively). RESULTS: Almost all caregivers completed the questionnaire (97% completeness; 7.5% missing data). Both the frequency of @entity0 's Symptoms and Caregiver Reaction scores and subscores displayed high stability and reliability. All of these scores correlated positively with their respective validated tools as predicted, except with MMSE. The @entity0 ' subscores for @entity6 and @entity7 displayed their highest correlation with the disruptive symptoms and level of @entity4 validated tools. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 is a validated tool for assessing the @entity4 stage and the @entity1 morbidity of @entity0 and caregivers. The Frequency Disruption and Memory subscales assess specifically @entity0 's disruptive symptoms and @entity4 stages. These tools can be applied to analyze the burden of the @entity0 's disease and the @entity2 in Spanish-speaking populations.

title: XXXX ( @entity1 ): trans-cultural adaptation and validation of the RMBPC questionnaire.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of standardized scales is critical for monitoring the interventions within and between different populations, but the current Spanish tools are dispersed in several scales. A simple tool for simultaneously and exhaustively evaluating @entity0 's symptoms and @entity2 in Spanish-speaking groups is needed. METHODS: RMBPC was translated into Spanish by cross-cultural adaptation. Comprehensibility and easiness of @entity1 were evaluated with 92 @entity0 -caregiver dyads. Reliability, stability and scale structure were evaluated by Cronbach's a, test-retest and factor analysis respectively. Concurrent and discriminant validity were assessed by correlation with validated tools for measuring stage of @entity4 ; memory, disruptive behaviors and @entity5 symptoms of the @entity0 ; and @entity3 , @entity5 and burden of the caregivers ( @entity8 , MMSE, NPIq, NPI disruption, NPI @entity5 , HADS-A; HADS-D and Zarit Burden Interview respectively). RESULTS: Almost all caregivers completed the questionnaire (97% completeness; 7.5% missing data). Both the frequency of @entity0 's Symptoms and Caregiver Reaction scores and subscores displayed high stability and reliability. All of these scores correlated positively with their respective validated tools as predicted, except with MMSE. The @entity0 ' subscores for @entity6 and @entity7 displayed their highest correlation with the disruptive symptoms and level of @entity4 validated tools. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 is a validated tool for assessing the @entity4 stage and the @entity1 morbidity of @entity0 and caregivers. The Frequency Disruption and Memory subscales assess specifically @entity0 's disruptive symptoms and @entity4 stages. These tools can be applied to analyze the burden of the @entity0 's disease and the @entity2 in Spanish-speaking populations.

title: @entity1 ( XXXX ): trans-cultural adaptation and validation of the RMBPC questionnaire.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Renal sonography was performed in 36 @entity0 with clinical and/or laboratory evidence of @entity4 , usually because of deteriorating renal function. In 15 @entity0 , histopathologic specimens were reviewed to characterize renal pathologic changes underlying the sonographic findings. Sonographic evaluation included determination of renal size and cortical echogenicity according to a standard grading system. Pathologic specimens were evaluated for tubular and @entity1 . Sonography showed either normal-sized or enlarged kidneys with grade I cortical echogenicity in 13 @entity0 (36%), grade II in three @entity0 (8%), and grade III in five @entity0 (14%). Fifteen @entity0 (42%) had normal renal echogenicity. In addition to focal segmental @entity3 the pathologic examination showed different degrees of @entity2 . Striking, irregularly dilated, infolded tubules with flattened epithelium and intratubular deposits of proteinaceous material, and sometimes cystlike formation involving the medulla and cortex, were seen in two @entity0 with @entity1 , and mild dilatation of the tubules was seen in four @entity0 with grade I disease. Moderate tubular dilatation was observed in one @entity0 with grade I disease. No significant @entity2 was seen in one @entity0 with grade I disease or in seven @entity0 with normal renal echogenicity. Although glomerular changes contribute to the increase in renal echogenicity, we postulate that the main factors responsible for the increased echogenicity in @entity1 are the striking @entity2 seen in these @entity0 .

title: Renal involvement in XXXX : sonographic-pathologic correlation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is the most common screening method for allergy evaluation. The detection of serum-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) is also commonly used. The sensitivity and specificity of these testing methods may vary due to type of causative allergen and type of allergic manifestation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between two methods of measuring sIgE (AllergyScreen [Mediwiss Analytic GmbH, Moers, Germany] and ImmunoCAP [Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden]) and @entity1 for the diagnosis of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: All 216 @entity0 who were referred to the allergist for suspected @entity2 from June to October 2009 had @entity1 and the two serological tests. One hundred fifty-eight @entity0 had a positive clinical history and a related positive @entity1 . The @entity1 was used as reference standard, and we selected three allergens ( @entity3 , mugwort, and ragweed), which were common in fall in northeast China, to analyze the correlation of the two serum tests and @entity1 . RESULTS: Compared with the @entity1 , the diagnostic indexes (accuracy, sensitivity and specificity) of the AllergyScreen system and the ImmunoCAP system were 0.819 versus 0.810, 0.780 versus 0.872, and 0.862 versus 0.741, respectively. The accuracy was similar between the two systems (p > 0.05). The ImmunoCAP system method had a higher sensitivity (p < 0.01). The AllergyScreen system had a higher specificity (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These data support that the AllergyScreen system and ImmunoCAP system can identify potentially significant allergens in the diagnosis of @entity2 in @entity0 from northeastern China.

title: Correlation analysis of two serum-specific immunoglobulin E test systems and skin-prick test in XXXX @entity0 from northeast China.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is the most common screening method for allergy evaluation. The detection of serum-specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) is also commonly used. The sensitivity and specificity of these testing methods may vary due to type of causative allergen and type of allergic manifestation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between two methods of measuring sIgE (AllergyScreen [Mediwiss Analytic GmbH, Moers, Germany] and ImmunoCAP [Pharmacia, Uppsala, Sweden]) and @entity1 for the diagnosis of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: All 216 @entity0 who were referred to the allergist for suspected @entity2 from June to October 2009 had @entity1 and the two serological tests. One hundred fifty-eight @entity0 had a positive clinical history and a related positive @entity1 . The @entity1 was used as reference standard, and we selected three allergens ( @entity3 , mugwort, and ragweed), which were common in fall in northeast China, to analyze the correlation of the two serum tests and @entity1 . RESULTS: Compared with the @entity1 , the diagnostic indexes (accuracy, sensitivity and specificity) of the AllergyScreen system and the ImmunoCAP system were 0.819 versus 0.810, 0.780 versus 0.872, and 0.862 versus 0.741, respectively. The accuracy was similar between the two systems (p > 0.05). The ImmunoCAP system method had a higher sensitivity (p < 0.01). The AllergyScreen system had a higher specificity (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: These data support that the AllergyScreen system and ImmunoCAP system can identify potentially significant allergens in the diagnosis of @entity2 in @entity0 from northeastern China.

title: Correlation analysis of two serum-specific immunoglobulin E test systems and skin-prick test in @entity2 XXXX from northeast China.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Dissociation, though understood as a response to @entity2 , lacks a proven etiology. The assumption of a dose-response relationship between @entity2 , dissociation and Schneiderian symptoms led to the proposal of a dissociative subtype of @entity4 characterized by severe @entity0 maltreatment, dissociation and @entity6 . @entity0 maltreatment and dissociation are common features of @entity13 as well, and the link between @entity2 , dissociation, and @entity11 is not specific for @entity4 . This study compares childhood abuse and neglect, @entity3 and @entity12 in @entity0 with @entity6 vs. @entity7 . Thirty-five @entity0 with @entity7 and twenty-five with @entity4 were analyzed using the @entity9 ( @entity9 ), the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms ( @entity14 ), the Montgomery-  sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale @entity10 ( @entity10 ), the Childhood @entity2 Questionnaire (CTO) and the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Methodik und Dokumentation in der Psychiatrie (AMDP)-module on dissociation. @entity2 and clinical syndromes were compared by means of T-testing and logistic regression between 1) the diagnoses and 2) groups with and without @entity8 ( @entity8 ), marked dissociation and @entity6 . While @entity7 was related to abuse, @entity4 showed an association with neglect. Childhood @entity2 predicted posttraumatic symptomatology and negative symptoms. Childhood abuse and neglect may effectuate different outcomes in @entity7 . The underlying mechanisms, including dissociation, dovetail with cognitive, emotional and behavioural changes involved in @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity1 rather than being directly linked to @entity2 .

title: Differential effects of childhood abuse and neglect: mediation by @entity3 in @entity13 and negative symptoms in XXXX ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: Dissociation, though understood as a response to @entity2 , lacks a proven etiology. The assumption of a dose-response relationship between @entity2 , dissociation and Schneiderian symptoms led to the proposal of a dissociative subtype of @entity4 characterized by severe @entity0 maltreatment, dissociation and @entity6 . @entity0 maltreatment and dissociation are common features of @entity13 as well, and the link between @entity2 , dissociation, and @entity11 is not specific for @entity4 . This study compares childhood abuse and neglect, @entity3 and @entity12 in @entity0 with @entity6 vs. @entity7 . Thirty-five @entity0 with @entity7 and twenty-five with @entity4 were analyzed using the @entity9 ( @entity9 ), the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms ( @entity14 ), the Montgomery-  sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale @entity10 ( @entity10 ), the Childhood @entity2 Questionnaire (CTO) and the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Methodik und Dokumentation in der Psychiatrie (AMDP)-module on dissociation. @entity2 and clinical syndromes were compared by means of T-testing and logistic regression between 1) the diagnoses and 2) groups with and without @entity8 ( @entity8 ), marked dissociation and @entity6 . While @entity7 was related to abuse, @entity4 showed an association with neglect. Childhood @entity2 predicted posttraumatic symptomatology and negative symptoms. Childhood abuse and neglect may effectuate different outcomes in @entity7 . The underlying mechanisms, including dissociation, dovetail with cognitive, emotional and behavioural changes involved in @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity1 rather than being directly linked to @entity2 .

title: Differential effects of childhood abuse and neglect: mediation by @entity3 in XXXX and negative symptoms in @entity4 ?

answer: @entity13


abstract: Dissociation, though understood as a response to @entity2 , lacks a proven etiology. The assumption of a dose-response relationship between @entity2 , dissociation and Schneiderian symptoms led to the proposal of a dissociative subtype of @entity4 characterized by severe @entity0 maltreatment, dissociation and @entity6 . @entity0 maltreatment and dissociation are common features of @entity13 as well, and the link between @entity2 , dissociation, and @entity11 is not specific for @entity4 . This study compares childhood abuse and neglect, @entity3 and @entity12 in @entity0 with @entity6 vs. @entity7 . Thirty-five @entity0 with @entity7 and twenty-five with @entity4 were analyzed using the @entity9 ( @entity9 ), the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms ( @entity14 ), the Montgomery-  sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale @entity10 ( @entity10 ), the Childhood @entity2 Questionnaire (CTO) and the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Methodik und Dokumentation in der Psychiatrie (AMDP)-module on dissociation. @entity2 and clinical syndromes were compared by means of T-testing and logistic regression between 1) the diagnoses and 2) groups with and without @entity8 ( @entity8 ), marked dissociation and @entity6 . While @entity7 was related to abuse, @entity4 showed an association with neglect. Childhood @entity2 predicted posttraumatic symptomatology and negative symptoms. Childhood abuse and neglect may effectuate different outcomes in @entity7 . The underlying mechanisms, including dissociation, dovetail with cognitive, emotional and behavioural changes involved in @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity1 rather than being directly linked to @entity2 .

title: Differential effects of childhood abuse and neglect: mediation by XXXX in @entity13 and negative symptoms in @entity4 ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: Over the last 22 years, we have encountered 34 examples of a highly aggressive @entity1 with a microscopic morphology that is highly predictive of finding sickled erythrocytes in the tissue. With the exception of one @entity0 , all are believed to have had sickle cell trait or, in one case, @entity10 . These 33 @entity0 are the subject of this report and, where their race was known, they were all blacks between the ages of 11 and 39 years. Between the ages of 11 and 24 years, males predominated by 3 to 1. Beyond age 24, however, the @entity1 occurred equally in @entity0 and @entity0 . The dominant @entity1 mass was in the medulla and ranged from 4 to 12 cm in diameter. Mean size was 7 cm; median, 6 cm. Peripheral satellites in the renal cortex and pelvic soft tissues, as well as venous and lymphatic invasion, were usually present. The lesions exhibited a reticular, yolk sac-like, or adenoid cystic appearance, often with poorly differentiated areas in a highly desmoplastic stroma admixed with neutrophils and usually marginated by lymphocytes. The @entity1 had usually metastasized when first discovered, and none was confined to the kidney at the time of nephrectomy. The mean duration of life after surgery was 15 weeks. These @entity1 probably arise in the calyceal epithelium in or near the @entity2 , the same site that produces the more familiar picture of unilateral @entity4 in @entity0 with sickle cell trait. We have concluded that @entity3 represents another example of @entity2 associated with @entity8 . The other six are unilateral @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity5 , inability to concentrate urine, and @entity7 .

title: @entity3 . The seventh sickle cell XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Over the last 22 years, we have encountered 34 examples of a highly aggressive @entity1 with a microscopic morphology that is highly predictive of finding sickled erythrocytes in the tissue. With the exception of one @entity0 , all are believed to have had sickle cell trait or, in one case, @entity10 . These 33 @entity0 are the subject of this report and, where their race was known, they were all blacks between the ages of 11 and 39 years. Between the ages of 11 and 24 years, males predominated by 3 to 1. Beyond age 24, however, the @entity1 occurred equally in @entity0 and @entity0 . The dominant @entity1 mass was in the medulla and ranged from 4 to 12 cm in diameter. Mean size was 7 cm; median, 6 cm. Peripheral satellites in the renal cortex and pelvic soft tissues, as well as venous and lymphatic invasion, were usually present. The lesions exhibited a reticular, yolk sac-like, or adenoid cystic appearance, often with poorly differentiated areas in a highly desmoplastic stroma admixed with neutrophils and usually marginated by lymphocytes. The @entity1 had usually metastasized when first discovered, and none was confined to the kidney at the time of nephrectomy. The mean duration of life after surgery was 15 weeks. These @entity1 probably arise in the calyceal epithelium in or near the @entity2 , the same site that produces the more familiar picture of unilateral @entity4 in @entity0 with sickle cell trait. We have concluded that @entity3 represents another example of @entity2 associated with @entity8 . The other six are unilateral @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity5 , inability to concentrate urine, and @entity7 .

title: XXXX . The seventh sickle cell @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The body plan of @entity1 can be respecified by briefly exposing early cleavage stage embryos to @entity0 . Such embryos develop exaggerated dorsoanterior structures such as a radial eye and cement gland (K.R. Kao, Y. Masui, and R.P. Elinson, 1986, Nature (London) 322, 371-373). In this paper, we demonstrate that the enhanced dorsoanterior phenotype results from an overcommitment of mesoderm to dorsoanterior mesoderm. Histological and immunohistochemical observations reveal that the embryos have a greatly enlarged notochord with very little muscle tissue. In addition, they develop a radial, beating heart, suggesting that @entity0 also specifies anterior mesoderm and pharyngeal endoderm. Randomly oriented diametrically opposed marginal zone grafts from @entity0 -treated embryos, when transplanted into ultraviolet (uv)-irradiated @entity2 hosts, rescue dorsal axial structures. These transplantation experiments demonstrate that the entire marginal zone of the early gastrula consists of presumptive dorsal mesoderm. Vital dye marking experiments also indicate that the entire marginal zone maps to the prominent proboscis that is composed of chordamesoderm and represents the long axis of the embryo. These results suggest that @entity0 respecifies the mesoderm of @entity1 embryos so that it differentiates into the Spemann organizer. We suggest that the origin of the dorsoanterior enhanced phenotypes generated by @entity0 and the dorsoanterior deficient phenotypes generated by uv irradiation are due to relative quantities of organizer. Our evidence demonstrates the existence of a continuum of body plan phenotypes based on this premise.

title: The entire mesodermal mantle behaves as Spemann's organizer in dorsoanterior enhanced XXXX embryos.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Protein phosphorylation is a significant mechanism in many cellular functions, including genomic regulation and control of cell proliferation. Thus, investigations of protein kinases (PKs) in appropriate experimental models are of intense current interest. Employing androgenic regulation of the @entity1 ventral prostate (RVP) as an experimental model, we have investigated certain nuclear PK reactions with the aim of defining their role in @entity3 -mediated genomic regulation in the prostate and their implications for @entity0 prostate pathobiology. The author's laboratory identified @entity3 -sensitive PKs in the prostatic cell nucleus that might be involved in regulation of the gland. These PKs are analogous to @entity6 1 ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 2 (CK-2), which are important multipotential enzymes in growth regulation and cell proliferation. Because CK-2 demonstrated a greater @entity3 sensitivity, we investigated the mechanism of its regulation at the level of transcription in the RVP, finding that @entity5 exert a substantial tissue-specific effect on its expression. However, regulation of CK-2 gene transcription does not appear to be an early event in @entity3 action, an observation that did not accord with our previous documentation of an early androgenic modulation of nuclear CKs in the prostate. Studies to uncover alternative mechanisms of regulation of CK-2 yielded a potentially important observation that androgenic regulation involves changes in the association of the enzyme with subnuclear compartments as an early event in its growth control function. Additionally, chromatin preparations from @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) demonstrate a large enhancement in intrinsic CK-2 activity compared with normal tissue. An increase also is observed in specimens of @entity2 , although the change is less substantial than that in @entity4 . There appears to be a correlation between the localization of CK-2 in sections of @entity2 and the Gleason grade, a measure of the degree of differentiation. Further investigations of the cellular as well as the molecular mechanisms of CK-2 regulation in the prostate as an experimental model of the response to influences on growth may yield new insight into the function of this PK.

title: Significance of the XXXX system in cell growth and proliferation with emphasis on studies of the androgenic regulation of the prostate.

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIMS: The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) @entity7 of @entity6 has been shown to be associated with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity2 and @entity4 , but it is not clear whether it also plays a role in @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is often used as a non-invasive measure of @entity5 ; therefore, the aim of this study was to test for a relationship between the SNP @entity7 and ABI. METHODS: A total of 537 high-risk subjects with a family history of @entity3 or @entity1 completed a health survey, including a physical examination, blood test and measurement of ABI. Among them, 523 subjects had the genotypes. Association analyses between the genotype of @entity6 and ABI were performed by multiple linear and logistic regressions with adjustment for covariates. RESULTS: We found that the GG genotype is significantly associated with a lower ABI value. For the lowest ABI tertile, the GG genotype had an OR of 2.87 (p =0.018) when compared with the middle ABI tertile, and OR of 2.92 (p =0.015) when compared to the highest ABI tertile. @entity0 with the GG genotype had a lower ABI value than @entity0 with the same genotype (p =0.012). Accordingly, @entity0 carrying this GG risk genotype may have a higher risk for @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Our findings provide additional evidence that support the genetic effect of @entity6 on diverse cardiovascular phenotypes.

title: Polymorphism of 270 A > G in XXXX is Associated with Lower Ankle-Brachial Index in a Taiwanese Population.

answer: @entity6


abstract: We have used slice culture of the entorhino-hippocampal system to investigate (1) whether nerve fibres which are cut postnatally are able to regenerate and (2) whether the regenerating fibres are able to establish correct selective target specificity in the formation of their terminal fields. Slices of tissue were taken in the horizontal plane through the caudo-ventral pole of the cerebral hemisphere of 9- to 10-day-old @entity0 . Such slices maintain the entorhinal cortex in continuity with the hippocampus and intervening retrohippocampal areas. However, because of the dorsal inclination of the entorhino-hippocampal projection fibres in situ, the segments of the entorhinal cortex and hippocampus contained within each individual horizontal slice were disconnected from each other. During subsequent culture, the formation of fibre connections between the entorhinal area and the hippocampal complex was studied by the extracellular and intracellular anterograde transport of @entity4 or @entity3 dextran, the retrograde transport of @entity3 dextran or @entity5 dyes, and by electrical stimulation and recording. For the first 24 h after taking the slice, there were no entorhinal projections beyond the deep white matter, and no fibres reached the hippocampus or dentate gyrus. After 3 days in culture a small number of growing fibres had perforated the subiculum and entered the target areas. Between 6 and 14 days these projections increased and matured. As in the normal adult brain, entorhinal layer II stellate cells projected correctly to the dentate gyrus and hippocampal field @entity2 , whereas layer III pyramidal cells projected to hippocampal field @entity1 and the subiculum. The new fibres grew along both alvear and perforant pathways. Anterograde and retrograde labelling showed that the reciprocal projections from the pyramidal cells of the subiculum and @entity1 to the entorhinal area had also been severed at the time of taking the slices, and had similarly regenerated. Our results demonstrate that by taking tissue slices in appropriate planes it is possible to study the regeneration of axons in the tissue environment through which they normally run. This approach avoids the use of coculture and the concomitant difficulties associated with the need for fibres to cross a coculture interface. In horizontal slices of postnatal tissue, severed fibre projections between the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampal complex can regenerate in both directions and re-establish their correct laminar, pathway and target specificity.

title: Axons regenerate with correct specificity in horizontal slice culture of the postnatal XXXX entorhino-hippocampal system.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mechanical dyssynchrony has proven to be superior to QRS duration in predicting response to cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT). Whether time to peak longitudinal strain delay between the mid-septum and mid-lateral left ventricular wall better predicts CRT response than tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is unclear. This study compares the value of the two methods for the assessment of mechanical dyssynchrony and prediction of CRT responders. METHODS: 66 clinical responders and 17 nonresponders to CRT with severe @entity1 (LVEF <35%), New York Heart Association classification III or IV and a wide QRS >130 ms with @entity2 were evaluated by peak longitudinal strain and TDI. Doppler echocardiograms and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) intervals were acquired before and after pacemaker implantation. RESULTS: In all responders @entity3 measured by peak longitudinal strain was >60 ms before implantation, compared with 76% of the @entity0 measured by TDI. Nonresponders had @entity3 <60 ms measured by both techniques. Only peak longitudinal strain delay showed shortened values in every responder postimplantation and demonstrated the most significant reduction and could predict responders to CRT. However, @entity3 measured by TDI did not diminish in 30% of the positive clinical responders. Nonresponders showed worsening of the @entity3 with peak longitudinal strain, but not with TDI. CONCLUSIONS: Responders to CRT can be excellently predicted if @entity3 before implantation determined by peak longitudinal strain delay is >60 ms. Peak longitudinal strain delay appears to be superior to TDI to predict the response to CRT. (Neth Heart J 2010;18:574-82.).

title: Peak longitudinal strain delay is superior to TDI in the selection of XXXX for resynchronisation therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity0 @entity2 ( @entity2 ), or ovarian mesothelium, is functionally complex as seen by its capacity to proliferate, migrate, and contribute to ovulation and ovulatory repair in response to cyclic hormonal and environmental changes. We wished to determine whether this phenotypic versatility is reflected in cell-extracellular matrix interactions in primary and low-passage culture. Comparisons of cultures maintained on different substrata revealed that these cells form cohesive monolayers on plastic, while fibrin clots enhance cell dispersion, and thus may provide a migratory cue. The cells invaded Matrigel as multicellular aggregates, while collagen gels mediated a morphologic epithelial-mesenchymal conversion. On plastic, the cells produced extracellular matrix components characteristic of epithelial basement membrane (laminin and collagen type IV), as well as stroma (collagen types I and III). In addition, ovarian surface epithelial cells secreted @entity1 proteases and matrix metalloproteinases. The levels of chymotrypsin- and elastase-like proteases were dictated by the substratum: low levels were secreted by cells grown on plastic, intermediate levels on collagen gels and fibrin clots, and most protease was produced on Matrigel. The rate of cell proliferation varied with the substrata and was inversely related to protease secretion. Integrin expression was greatest on plastic and least on collagen gels where integrins were downregulated with time. alpha 6/beta 4 was absent from all cells while varying levels of alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 5, beta 1, and vitronectin receptor were detected depending on the culture substratum employed. In low-passage cultures of @entity0 ovarian surface epithelial cells, then, cell shape, growth, protease production, and integrin expression are modulated by the extracellular matrix. The cells, in turn, alter extracellular matrix by synthesis, lysis, and physical remodeling, and express both stromal and epithelial characteristics. The broad repertoire of these functions may be related to their mesodermal origin, and may reflect the expression of a dual, epithelio-mesenchymal phenotype by relatively immature, uncommitted cells. The results demonstrate the great complexity and versatility of these interactions which render @entity2 cells capable of participating in numerous physiological and pathological processes.

title: Reciprocal interactions between XXXX ovarian surface epithelial cells and adjacent extracellular matrix.

answer: @entity0


abstract: RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the relative performance of one-dimensional (1D) manual, rigid-translational, and nonrigid registration techniques to correct misalignment of @entity1 anatomy acquired from computed tomography perfusion (CTp) datasets. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five datasets in @entity0 with @entity1 who had undergone a CTp protocol were evaluated. Each dataset consisted of one reference CT image from an initial cine slab and six subsequent breathhold helical volumes (16-row multi-detector CT), acquired during intravenous contrast administration. Each helical volume was registered to the reference image using two semiautomated intensity-based registration methods (rigid-translational and nonrigid), and 1D manual registration (the only registration method available in the relevant application software). The performance of each technique to align @entity2 regions was assessed quantitatively (percent overlap and distance of center of mass), and by a visual validation study (using a 5-point scale). The registration methods were statistically compared using linear mixed and ordinal probit regression models. RESULTS: Quantitatively, @entity2 alignment with the nonrigid method compared to rigid-translation was borderline significant, which in turn was significantly better than the 1D manual method: average (   SD) percent overlap, 91.8    2.3%, 87.7    5.5%, and 77.6    5.9%, respectively; and average (   SD) DCOM, 0.41    0.16 mm, 1.08    1.13 mm, and 2.99    2.93 mm, respectively (all P < .0001). Visual validation confirmed these findings. CONCLUSION: Semiautomated registration methods achieved superior @entity1 compared to the 1D manual method. This will hopefully translate into more reliable CTp analyses.

title: Semiautomated motion correction of XXXX in lung CT-perfusion studies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have reported a variety of @entity2 in association with @entity3 . These include a higher prevalence of an absent adhesio interthalamica (AI; also known massa intermedia), a gray matter junction that is present between the two thalami in approximately 80% of healthy subjects. In this meta-analytic review, we describe and discuss the main AI MRI findings in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) to date. The MEDLINE and ISI Web of Knowledge databases were searched up to December 2010, for studies that used MRI to assess AI in @entity0 with @entity4 and controls. From fourteen potential reports, eleven were eligible to be part of the current review. These studies included 822 @entity0 with @entity4 and 718 healthy volunteers. There was a large degree of variability in the MRI methods they employed. @entity0 with @entity4 had a higher prevalence of absent AI than healthy volunteers (odds ratio = 1.98; 95% confidence interval 1.33-2.94; p = 0.0008). This association was evident in both male and female @entity4 subjects, and there was no evidence that the prevalence was related to age or duration of illness. The significance of the absence of an AI for @entity4 may be clarified by studies in large, longitudinal community-based samples using standardized methods.

title: Adhesio interthalamica alterations in XXXX : A systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Cultured @entity0 retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE) secrete insulin-like growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs), a family of polypeptides which modulate the actions of the insulin-like growth factors. RPE cells secrete two IGFBPs with Mr estimates of 34,000 and 46,000, respectively. Treatment of RPE cells with @entity1 markedly stimulated the secretion of the 46,000 Mr form. This stimulation occurred via an @entity4 independent mechanism because both [QAYL] @entity1 (an @entity1 analogue with decreased affinity for the IGFBPs but normal affinity for the @entity4 ) and alpha-IR3 (a blocking monoclonal antibody against the @entity4 ) had no effect on @entity1 stimulated increases in IGFBPs. Additionally, [QAYL] @entity1 enhanced RPE cell proliferation to the same magnitude as @entity1 . Treatment with @entity1 , [QAYL] @entity1 , or alpha-IR3 had no effect on steady-state levels of the 2.5 kb @entity3 or the 1.3 kb @entity5 mRNA transcripts as measured by Northern blotting and quantitative autoradiography. @entity2 and a group of candidate growth factors, including platelet-derived growth factor, epidermal growth factor, and acidic and basic fibroblast growth factor, modestly increased IGFBP secretion when compared to untreated cells, but these effects were small when compared to @entity1 treatment. Fetal calf serum enhanced the presence of the 2.5 kb @entity3 mRNA transcript in a dose-dependent fashion but had no effect on the 1.3 kb @entity5 mRNA transcript. @entity1 , @entity2 , and the candidate growth factors had no effect on either @entity3 or @entity5 mRNA. These data suggest that the production of IGFBPs in @entity0 RPE cells is regulated by distinct mechanisms which include (1) an @entity4 independent interaction of @entity1 with secreted IGFBPs and (2) de novo synthesis of IGFBPs by serum-containing factors.

title: Regulation of insulin-like growth factor binding protein synthesis and secretion in XXXX retinal pigment epithelial cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The efficacy of oral gammaglobulin in the treatment of acute @entity1 in immunocompetent @entity0 has been evaluated in an open placebo controlled trial. Moreover the efficacy of oral gammaglobulin has been tested also for treatment of chronic @entity1 in @entity5 @entity0 and for prevention of @entity3 during an @entity2 in the ward. 54 @entity0 (aged 1-36 months) with acute @entity1 (30 rotavirus +) were enrolled in the study. 24 out of 54 were assigned with randomised method to group a receiving gammaglobulin 150 mg/kg x 2 in the first day of admission to hospital and the remaining 30 @entity0 were assigned to group b receiving placebo. @entity1 cleared up in 2.57 +/- 1.4 days without a significant difference between group a and b (2.6 +/- 1.6 and 2.46 +/- 1.1 days respectively). The @entity1 's duration in Rotavirus+ @entity0 was 2.78 +/- 1.4 days in group a and 3 +/- 1.4 days in group b again without a significant difference. The excretion time of rotavirus in the stools was significantly shorter in @entity4 (2.6 +/- 1.3) than in rotavirus group b (3.9 +/- 1.6) with p < 0.04. Three @entity0 (4.9 months) with chronic post- @entity1 and @entity5 (< 5 mg%ml) received gammaglobulin 300 mg/kg/die for 3 days. The @entity1 recovered in 2-3 days. Out of 16 @entity0 hospitalized during an @entity2 rotavirus @entity1 6 @entity0 received oral gammaglobulin at the dose of 150 mg/kg/die during the hospitalization period (that was at least 5 days). No one became ill.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Experience with gamma globulins per os in the therapy and prevention of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the frequency of fetal @entity2 in pregnancies complicated by @entity4 . STUDY DESIGN: Between Jan. 1, 1992, and July 31, 1993, an amniotic fluid index was measured prospectively in 2730 third-trimester pregnant @entity0 . Polyhydramnios was defined as an amniotic fluid index > or = 24 cm. A computer search identified all @entity0 born with structural or @entity2 . RESULTS: Polyhydramnios was detected in 49 of 2730 @entity0 (1.7%). The incidence of @entity2 was two in 49 (4.1%) compared with three in 2681 (0.12%) among @entity0 with normal fluid (p < 0.05). Six of the 49 newborns had @entity5 (12.2%), whereas 48 of 2681 (1.8%) @entity5 occurred in the control group (p < 0.05). Among study @entity0 both fetuses with @entity2 were @entity1 ; four of the six @entity5 were associated with an amniotic fluid index > 30 cm. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Polyhydramnios is associated with an increased incidence of @entity3 . (2) @entity1 fetuses with @entity4 warrant genetic evaluation. (3) A genetic study is not absolutely indicated for @entity0 with @entity4 and a sonographically normal fetus.

title: Is XXXX in an ultrasonographically normal fetus an indication for genetic evaluation?

answer: @entity4


abstract: In a prospective multicenter study 42 @entity2 (less than 30 X 10(9) platelets/l) @entity0 with chronic @entity3 ( @entity3 ) or with @entity3 , dependent on or refractory to corticosteroids, were given 0.4 g i.v. IgG/kg body weight/day on 5 consecutive days and thereafter once a week if the platelet count fell to less than 20 X 10(9)/l or if the @entity0 bled. After the initial 5 days of i.v. IgG the platelets rose within a mean of 7-8 days to greater than 30 X 10(9)/l in all and to greater than 150 X 10(9)/l in 33 of 42 @entity0 (79%). After a mean observation time of 26.6 months 26 of 42 @entity0 (62%) showed a satisfactory long-term effect, i.e. no need for treatment for at least 6 months without @entity1 and with no platelet counts below 20 X 10(9)/l. No difference in response rate was found between @entity0 with chronic and those with previously treated @entity3 . These results indicate that i.v. IgG could be used to control emergency situations, e.g. to stop @entity1 or to prepare a @entity0 for surgery. I.v. IgG also represents a good alternative to treatment modalities, such as splenectomy and/or the administration of cytostatic immunosuppressants with potentially serious side effects. In addition to the expected transient rise in serum IgG levels, i.v. IgG induced a more prolonged elevation of serum IgM. Platelet associated IgG, elevated before therapy, was correlated with the clinical long-term outcome.

title: Intravenous immunoglobulin (i.v. IgG) for previously treated acute or for chronic XXXX ( @entity3 ) in childhood: a prospective multicenter study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In a prospective multicenter study 42 @entity2 (less than 30 X 10(9) platelets/l) @entity0 with chronic @entity3 ( @entity3 ) or with @entity3 , dependent on or refractory to corticosteroids, were given 0.4 g i.v. IgG/kg body weight/day on 5 consecutive days and thereafter once a week if the platelet count fell to less than 20 X 10(9)/l or if the @entity0 bled. After the initial 5 days of i.v. IgG the platelets rose within a mean of 7-8 days to greater than 30 X 10(9)/l in all and to greater than 150 X 10(9)/l in 33 of 42 @entity0 (79%). After a mean observation time of 26.6 months 26 of 42 @entity0 (62%) showed a satisfactory long-term effect, i.e. no need for treatment for at least 6 months without @entity1 and with no platelet counts below 20 X 10(9)/l. No difference in response rate was found between @entity0 with chronic and those with previously treated @entity3 . These results indicate that i.v. IgG could be used to control emergency situations, e.g. to stop @entity1 or to prepare a @entity0 for surgery. I.v. IgG also represents a good alternative to treatment modalities, such as splenectomy and/or the administration of cytostatic immunosuppressants with potentially serious side effects. In addition to the expected transient rise in serum IgG levels, i.v. IgG induced a more prolonged elevation of serum IgM. Platelet associated IgG, elevated before therapy, was correlated with the clinical long-term outcome.

title: Intravenous immunoglobulin (i.v. IgG) for previously treated acute or for chronic @entity3 ( XXXX ) in childhood: a prospective multicenter study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The incidence of infection related to arterial catheterization has not been studied in critically ill @entity0 , using systematic catheter cultures. We studied prospectively 68 @entity0 in whom 70 arterial catheters were inserted. After the aseptic catheterization procedure, no component of the system was changed. The insertion site was inspected daily for signs of @entity1 . Upon removal, catheters were cultured using a semiquantitative method. Blood and infusion fluid specimens were also cultured if @entity4 was clinically suspected. Mean duration of catheterization was 59 +/- 6 (SE) h. In our series, all catheter and infusion fluid cultures were negative. Local @entity1 was not predictive of catheter @entity3 and correlated poorly with duration of catheterization (r = 0.2). In our experience, the incidence of infection related to arterial catheterization is low. Routine change of infusion fluid, tubing, dressing and insertion site as well as systematic catheter culture in the absence of @entity2 appears unwarranted.

title: Incidence of infection related to arterial catheterization in XXXX : a prospective study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of sonography-guided percutaneous microwave ablation of intrahepatic primary @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From May 2006 to March 2010, 15 @entity0 (11 @entity0 , 4 @entity0 ; mean age, 57.4 years) with 24 histologically proven intrahepatic primary @entity2 (mean @entity1 size, 3.2  1.9 cm; range, 1.3-9.9 cm) were treated with microwave ablation. RESULTS: Thirty-eight sessions were performed for 24 nodules in 15 @entity0 . The follow-up period was 4-31 months (mean, 12.8  8.0 months). The ablation success rate, the technique effectiveness rate, and the local @entity1 progression rate were 91.7% (22/24), 87.5% (21/24), and 25% (6/24) respectively according to the results of follow-up. The cumulative overall 6, 12, 24 month survival rates were 78.8%, 60.0%, and 60.0%, respectively. @entity4 occurred including @entity5 in two @entity0 (13.3%) and needle seeding in one @entity0 (6.7%). Both complications were cured satisfied with antibiotic treatment combined to catheter drainage for abscess and resection for needle seeding. The minor complications and side effects were experienced by most @entity0 which subsided with supportive treatment. CONCLUSION: Microwave ablation can be used as a safe and effective technique to treat intrahepatic primary @entity3 .

title: Sonography-guided percutaneous microwave ablation of intrahepatic primary XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Malignancy is a late cause of mortality in heart transplant recipients. It is unknown if screening computed tomography scan would lead to early detection of such @entity2 or serious @entity3 post heart transplantation. METHODS: This is a single center observational study of @entity0 undergoing surveillance computed tomography of chest, abdomen and pelvis at least 5 years after transplantation. Abnormal findings, included pulmonary nodules, @entity5 and intra-thoracic and intra-abdominal masses and @entity3 such as @entity4 . The clinical follow up of each of these major abnormal findings is summarized. RESULTS: A total of 63 @entity0 underwent computed tomography scan of chest, abdomen and pelvis at least 5 years after transplantation. Of these, 54 (86%) were male and 9 (14%) were female. Mean age was 52  9.2 years. Computed tomography revealed @entity1 (squamous cell) only. Non specific pulmonary nodules were seen in 6 @entity0 (9.5%). The most common incidental finding was @entity4 (N=6 (9.5%)), which necessitated follow up computed tomography (N=5) or surgery (N=1). Mean time to detection of @entity4 from transplantation was 14.6  4.2 years. Mean age at the time of detection of @entity4 was 74.5  3.2 years. CONCLUSION: Screening computed tomography scan in @entity0 5 years from transplantation revealed only one malignancy but lead to increased detection of @entity4 . Thus the utility is low in terms of detection of malignancy. Based on this study we do not recommend routine computed tomography post heart transplantation.

title: Utility of screening computed tomography of chest, abdomen and pelvis in XXXX after heart transplantation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: In @entity0 with @entity6 , @entity5 can be treated with a single-lead pacemaker or a dual-chamber pacemaker. Previous trials have revealed that pacing modes preserving atrio-ventricular synchrony are superior to single-lead ventricular pacing, but it remains unclear if there is any difference between single-lead atrial pacing (AAIR) and dual-chamber pacing (DDDR). METHODS AND RESULTS: We randomly assigned 1415 @entity0 referred for first pacemaker implantation to AAIR (n = 707) or DDDR (n = 708) pacing and followed them for a mean of 5.4    2.6 years. The primary outcome was @entity2 from any cause. Secondary outcomes included paroxysmal and chronic @entity4 , @entity1 , @entity3 , and need for pacemaker reoperation. In the AAIR group, 209 @entity0 (29.6%) died during follow-up vs. 193 @entity0 (27.3%) in the DDDR group, hazard ratio (HR) 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.88-1.29, P = 0.53. @entity4 was observed in 201 @entity0 (28.4%) in the AAIR group vs. 163 @entity0 (23.0%) in the DDDR group, HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.03-1.56, P = 0.024. A total of 240 @entity0 underwent one or more pacemaker reoperations during follow-up, 156 (22.1%) in the AAIR group vs. 84 (11.9%) in the DDDR group (HR 1.99, 95% CI 1.53-2.59, P < 0.001). The incidence of chronic @entity4 , @entity1 , and @entity3 did not differ between treatment groups. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with @entity6 , there is no statistically significant difference in @entity2 from any cause between AAIR pacing and DDDR pacing. AAIR pacing is associated with a higher incidence of @entity4 and a two-fold increased risk of pacemaker reoperation. These findings support the routine use of DDDR pacing in these @entity0 . CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: URL http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00236158.

title: A comparison of single-lead atrial pacing with dual-chamber pacing in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the association of the bedside test of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with @entity0 ' self-perceived @entity4 handicap as well as this test's sensitivity and specificity in unilateral peripheral @entity3 . STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective case-control study was performed. SETTING: The study was held at an academic, tertiary referral center. METHODS: Fifty-three adult @entity0 with unilateral peripheral hypofunction defined by the caloric test of the videonystagmography with documented bedside @entity2 and who had completed questionnaires of self-perceived @entity4 handicap were included. The sensitivity and specificity of the bedside @entity2 in @entity0 and 10 healthy controls in diagnosing @entity3 defined by videonystagmographic caloric testing and by abnormal gain and symmetry of the vestibular-ocular reflex by rotary chair testing were determined. Scores of the screening test of the @entity4 Handicap Index and Functional Level Scale questionnaires were taken. RESULTS: When using the caloric irrigation test as the reference standard for @entity3 , the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of the bedside @entity2 were 31%, 96%, and 97%, respectively. When comparing with results of rotational chair testing (vestibular-ocular reflex gain and symmetry), the sensitivity of the @entity2 test increases to 71%. @entity0 with positive bedside @entity2 had higher scores (greater self-perceived @entity4 handicap) of the @entity4 Handicap Index (P = .049) and higher (worse) scores of the Functional Level Scale (P = .0377) than those with negative bedside @entity2 (Wilcoxon rank test). CONCLUSIONS: Greater perceived handicap was correlated with a positive bedside @entity2 in @entity0 with unilateral peripheral @entity1 . The @entity2 has sufficient sensitivity to be used as screening test of uncompensated @entity1 in this series. However, a negative @entity2 alone does not rule out the diagnosis of @entity5 .

title: Head-shaking nystagmus predicts greater disability in unilateral peripheral XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This report evaluates the efficacy of the combined Collis-Nissen operation in achieving long-term reflux control in @entity0 with @entity1 . A Collis-Nissen procedure with dilation of a reflux stricture was performed in 64 adults. The strictures were mild (easily dilated) in 37, moderate (requiring some force to dilate) in 17, and severe (requiring very forceful dilation) in 10. Two strictures were perforated intraoperatively. There was 1 postoperative death, and 4 @entity0 have been lost to follow-up. The remaining 59 @entity0 have been followed from 2 to 120 months (average, 43 months) after operation. Subjectively, reflux is absent in 48 (81%), mild in 4 (7%), moderate in 5 (9%), and severe in 2 (3%). Objectively, intraesophageal pH studies show good or excellent reflux control in 94% at 1 year and 66% at 2 to 5 years. @entity2 has been eliminated in 71%, is mild in 10%, moderate (requiring occasional dilation) in 12%, and severe (requiring regular dilations) in 7%. The combined Collis-Nissen operation provides good long-term reflux control and relief of @entity2 in most @entity0 with @entity1 . However, @entity0 with @entity1 after previous repairs are likely to have unsatisfactory results and may best be managed with resectional therapy. Resection may also ultimately prove to be a better option for @entity0 with more severe strictures.

title: The combined Collis-Nissen operation for esophageal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. Neurons from a horizontal slice of adult @entity0 brainstem were examined using intracellular recording techniques. Investigations were restricted to a region within the nucleus tractus solitarii, medial to the solitary tract and centred on the obex (mNTS). Previous work has shown this restricted area of the NTS to contain the greatest concentration of aortic afferent baroreceptor terminal fields. Electrical stimulation of the tract elicited short-latency excitatory postsynaptic potentials in all neurons. 2. mNTS neurons were spontaneously active with firing frequencies ranging between 1 and 10 Hz, at resting potentials of -65 to -45 mV. These neurons did not exhibit spontaneous bursting activity. 3. Depolarizing current injection immediately evoked a finite, high-frequency spike discharge which rapidly declined to a lower steady-state level (i.e. spike frequency adaptation, @entity4 ). Increasing depolarizations produced a marked increase in the peak instantaneous frequency but a much smaller increase in the steady-state firing level. 4. Conditioning with a hyperpolarizing prepulse resulted in a prolonged delay of up to 600 ms before the first action potential (i.e. delayed excitation, DE) with an attendant decrease in peak discharge rates. DE was modulated by both the magnitude and duration of the prestimulus hyperpolarization, as well as the magnitude of the depolarizing stimulus. @entity2 ( @entity3 ) eliminated spike discharge but had little effect on the ramp-like membrane depolarization characteristic of DE. 5. We have developed a mathematical model for mNTS neurons to facilitate our understanding of the interplay between the underlying ionic currents. It consists of a comprehensive membrane model of the Hodgkin-Huxley type coupled with a fluid compartment model describing cytoplasmic [ @entity1 ]i homeostasis. 6. The model suggests that (a) SFA is caused by an increase in [ @entity1 ]i which activates the outward K+ current, IK,Ca, and (b) DE results from the competitive interaction between the injected depolarizing current and the hyperpolarization-activated transient outward K+ currents, IA and ID. 7. We conclude that our ionic current model is capable of providing biophysical explanations for a number of phenomena associated with brainstem neurons, either during spontaneous activity or in response to patterned injections of current. This model is a potentially useful adjunct for on-going research into the central mechanisms involved in the regulation of both blood pressure and ventilation.

title: An ionic current model for neurons in the XXXX medial nucleus tractus solitarii receiving sensory afferent input.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether unexplained elevations of maternal serum @entity1 (MSAFP) in women with antiphospholipid antibodies are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was used to compare pregnancy outcomes between @entity0 with second-trimester MSAFP values equal to or greater than 2.5 multiples of the median (MoM) and less than 2.5 MoM. The cohort included 60 pregnancies in 47 @entity0 with medium to high positive levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G anticardiolipin antibodies, @entity6 , or both. RESULTS: Thirteen pregnancies (22%) had elevated MSAFP values (median 3.6 MoM, range 2.5-12.6). Of these, amniotic fluid AFP was normal in seven and elevated in one. None of the elevated MSAFP levels were explained by @entity4 , current @entity7 , @entity8 , incorrect dates, or @entity5 . Pregnancies with elevated MSAFP values had a significantly higher incidence of @entity7 (eight of 13, 62%, versus three of 47, 6%) and perinatal loss (ten of 13, 77%, versus seven of 47, 15%) than those with normal MSAFP (P < .001, Fisher exact test). In these @entity0 , the sensitivity and specificity of an unexplained elevated MSAFP level in ascertaining @entity7 were 73 and 90%, respectively. For perinatal loss, the sensitivity was 59% and the specificity was 93%. Of the placentas studied, @entity3 occurred in eight of nine (89%) among the @entity0 with elevated MSAFP. CONCLUSIONS: Unexplained second-trimester elevations of MSAFP are common in women with antiphospholipid antibodies and are significantly associated with fetal loss. Abnormalities in the fetoplacental barrier are implicated as part of the pathophysiology of antiphospholipid antibody-mediated @entity2 .

title: Unexplained elevations of maternal serum @entity1 in women with antiphospholipid antibodies: a harbinger of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether unexplained elevations of maternal serum @entity1 (MSAFP) in women with antiphospholipid antibodies are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was used to compare pregnancy outcomes between @entity0 with second-trimester MSAFP values equal to or greater than 2.5 multiples of the median (MoM) and less than 2.5 MoM. The cohort included 60 pregnancies in 47 @entity0 with medium to high positive levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G anticardiolipin antibodies, @entity6 , or both. RESULTS: Thirteen pregnancies (22%) had elevated MSAFP values (median 3.6 MoM, range 2.5-12.6). Of these, amniotic fluid AFP was normal in seven and elevated in one. None of the elevated MSAFP levels were explained by @entity4 , current @entity7 , @entity8 , incorrect dates, or @entity5 . Pregnancies with elevated MSAFP values had a significantly higher incidence of @entity7 (eight of 13, 62%, versus three of 47, 6%) and perinatal loss (ten of 13, 77%, versus seven of 47, 15%) than those with normal MSAFP (P < .001, Fisher exact test). In these @entity0 , the sensitivity and specificity of an unexplained elevated MSAFP level in ascertaining @entity7 were 73 and 90%, respectively. For perinatal loss, the sensitivity was 59% and the specificity was 93%. Of the placentas studied, @entity3 occurred in eight of nine (89%) among the @entity0 with elevated MSAFP. CONCLUSIONS: Unexplained second-trimester elevations of MSAFP are common in women with antiphospholipid antibodies and are significantly associated with fetal loss. Abnormalities in the fetoplacental barrier are implicated as part of the pathophysiology of antiphospholipid antibody-mediated @entity2 .

title: Unexplained elevations of maternal serum XXXX in women with antiphospholipid antibodies: a harbinger of @entity7 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In a prospective 30-month study of @entity2 in a pediatric ICU (PICU), the incidence, sites, and causes of @entity1 were determined. Factors associated with increased risk of @entity1 were investigated. In 1,388 @entity0 who remained in the PICU for a minimum of 72 h, 116 @entity1 occurred (6.1 @entity1 /100 admissions). Primary @entity7 comprised 38% of PICU @entity1 and lower @entity6 comprised 15%. The remaining @entity1 were divided equally among GI, skin, eye, upper respiratory, postoperative wounds, and other sites. Coagulase-negative staphylococci, @entity4 , and @entity3 were the most prevalent pathogens. Surgical @entity0 had similar rates of @entity1 to medical @entity0 . @entity0 in the first 2 yr of life, particularly those between 7 and 30 days of age, had the highest rate of @entity1 . Onset of @entity1 was more common after the first week in the PICU with 11% of @entity0 staying 14 to 20 days, 27% of @entity0 staying 21 to 27 days, 48% of @entity0 staying 28 to 34 days, and 52% of @entity0 staying more than 35 days before the onset of @entity1 . The risk of @entity2 increases with arterial and central line use, prolonged intubation, ventilation, intracranial pressure monitoring, and @entity5 .

title: XXXX in a pediatric intensive care unit.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Epidemiological studies have shown laterality in @entity1 , such that the left side is more frequently fractured. The present study had the aim of evaluating whether the clavicle on the dominant side is denser and thus explaining the greater incidence of @entity1 on the non-dominant side. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a descriptive study on 52 healthy @entity0 , who were classified according to age, sex and whether the dominant or non-dominant side was affected. RESULTS: The @entity0 comprised 28 @entity0 (53.8%) and 24 @entity0 (46.2%). Regarding the dominant side, 30 were right-handed (57.7%) and 22 were left-handed (42.3%). The mean age was 25 years. In this study, it could be seen that the non-dominant side had greater bone mass than the dominant side. It was also observed that the bone density was greater in the middle and distal thirds on the non-dominant side, with a statistically significant difference. In the @entity0 , the density was also greater on the non-dominant side; this difference was not significant in relation to the dominant side, but there were significant differences between the middle thirds (p  <  0.001) and the distal thirds (p  <  0.006). CONCLUSION: Variations in bone density, toward higher and lower bone mass, may have been responsible for the @entity1 . According to the findings from this study, @entity1 occur more in the middle third of the non-dominant clavicle, as a result of greater bone mineral mass, which gives rise to lower flexibility and @entity1 in the region.

title: Densitometric study of the clavicle: bone mineral density explains the laterality of the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Sixty-eight @entity0 with FIGO stage I, grade 2 or 3 @entity2 were treated according to a protocol involving 10 Gy external pelvic irradiation, prompt hysterectomy with surgical staging, and postoperative therapy individualized according to surgical-pathologic findings. Five-year survival for the entire group was 78%, 87% for those with grade 2 disease, and 59% for those with grade 3 disease. For @entity0 whose disease was found to be confined to the uterus, surgical stage I, the 5-year survival was 98%. @entity0 with surgical stage I, grades 2 and 3 disease had 97 and 100% probabilities of surviving 5 years, respectively. Five-year disease-free probability was 96% for all @entity0 with surgical stage I @entity1 , 97% for @entity0 with grade 2 disease, and 94% for @entity0 with grade 3 disease. Myometrial penetration influenced survival; no @entity0 with less than 50% myometrial penetration died or suffered a relapse, while only 40% of @entity0 with deeper penetration survived 5 years. Twenty-three percent of @entity0 with surgically confirmed disease spread beyond the corpus survived 5 years; 29% remained disease-free at this interval. Ten of the 68 @entity0 developed recurrences, none has had a known pelvic recurrence. Two major complications, one requiring surgery, were seen, both in @entity0 receiving postoperative external beam irradiation. The rationale behind low-dose, preoperative external pelvic irradiation is described, and an approach to high-grade, FIGO stage I @entity2 is outlined.

title: Management of high-grade stage I XXXX : hysterectomy following low dose external beam pelvic irradiation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: A prospective study with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity3 for evaluating: @entity2 , response rate, pattern of recurrence, and survival after a long follow-up. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1983-1988, 40 @entity0 with locally advanced @entity5 of the thoracic esophagus were entered into a prospective trial of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Eight @entity0 (20%) were Stage II and 32 @entity0 (80%) were Stage III, according to American Joint Committee staging criteria. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisted of two cycles with @entity4 (120 mg/m2 day 1), @entity7 (3 mg/m2 days 1, 8, 15, and 22) and @entity6 (10 mg/m2 days 3 to 6). Second cycle was initiated on day 29. Radiation therapy was administered 2-4 weeks after completion of chemotherapy, with a total dose on @entity1 of 60 Gy. RESULTS: Two @entity0 died from treatment-related @entity2 . Complete response was observed in 20 @entity0 (53%) and symptomatic improvement in 31 @entity0 (82%). The median survival was 11 months, with an actuarial survival at 1 year of 45%, 3 year 20%, and 5 years 15%. Significantly (p < 0.05) longer survival was observed in @entity0 with Stage II (median survival 18 months) vs. Stage III (median survival 10 months). The pattern of failure was predominantly local/regional (62%). CONCLUSION: This treatment scheme is an effective and tolerable regimen but long-term survival was poor.

title: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy in locally advanced XXXX : long-term results.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Our previous study demonstrated the presence of a thermochemotherapy-resistant cell fraction in a @entity0 . The present study investigated whether thermochemotherapy-resistant cells are radioresistant and whether thermochemotherapy changes the size of @entity2 cell fraction in the @entity0 . Early generation isotransplants of a spontaneous @entity4 , @entity0 , were used. A radiation dose that yields 50% @entity0 control rate in 150 days after local irradiation, TCD50, was determined. @entity3 (CY) was the test agent. TCD50 values of the 4 mm @entity0 following gamma-ray alone given under @entity2 conditions or in air were 80.9 or 65.8 Gy, respectively. Thermochemotherapy reduced TCD50 values congruent to 20 Gy, suggesting that thermochemotherapy resistant cells are not identical to the radioresistant cells. @entity1 administered 60 min before thermochemotherapy further reduced TCD50 values. Foot-reaction scored in the @entity0 -controlled animals was significantly less severe following combined thermochemo- and radiotherapy compared to that following radiotherapy alone. Acute foot reaction studies also supported this observation. These results indicated that thermochemotherapy could be an excellent adjuvant to radiotherapy. Further studies using a 6 mm @entity0 indicated that thermochemotherapy was less effective on the large @entity0 than on the small @entity0 . Indirect analysis showed no significant changes in the size of @entity2 cell fraction following thermochemotherapy.

title: Thermochemotherapy (combined XXXX and hyperthermia) with or without hyperglycemia as an adjuvant to radiotherapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A case of combined @entity1 with the scimitar sign is reported. A 48-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital for treatment of @entity4 due to combined @entity1 following an @entity6 . Chest radiography revealed @entity3 of the right lung, dextroposition of the heart and a curved vascular opacity adjacent to the right cardiac border having the appearance of a scimitar sign. The latter was better demonstrated by chest tomography. A lung scan showed a marked decrease in perfusion of the right lung. A CT scan of the thorax revealed @entity3 of the right lung, dextroposition of the heart and an abnormal, curved and thickened right pulmonary vein which drained into a markedly enlarged left atrium. Right heart catheterization demonstrated elevated pressures in the right side of the heart. However, no shunt was demonstrated. A pulmonary angiogram revealed an @entity2 , having the appearance of a scimitar sign draining normally into the left atrium. Only five cases like the present case have been reported in the world literatures. The results in the present case indicate that @entity0 with radiological evidence of the @entity5 should be examined using computed tomography of the chest to rule out the "pseudoscimitar sign."

title: [Combined XXXX with the scimitar triad: a case report].

answer: @entity1