abstract: BACKGROUND: The UK National Service Framework recommends @entity0 with suspected @entity1 undergo echocardiography. Selection of @entity0 for this investigation in primary care is difficult. It is not clear which clinical features best identify @entity0 with @entity2 . AIM: Using echocardiography, to establish the accuracy of primary care diagnosis of @entity2 . To investigate the sensitivity, specificity and predictive values of clinical features in the diagnosis of @entity2 . STUDY: A cross-sectional study of 621 @entity0 from a population prescribed loop diuretics in 7 general practices. METHOD: Clinical diagnoses were extracted from general practice records. Symptoms, clinical signs, ECG features, brain natriuretic peptide levels and echocardiographic findings were studied in a research clinic. RESULTS: @entity2 (ejection fraction <40%) was present in 50% of 621 @entity0 prescribed loop diuretics in primary care. General practice diagnoses showed high false positive rates. Individual or combinations of clinical features did not accurately predict @entity2 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest the clinical diagnosis of @entity2 is inaccurate in this population. General practitioners should have a low threshold for referring @entity0 prescribed loop diuretics for echocardiography. Increased open access echocardiography facilities will be needed.

title: The diagnosis of XXXX in general practice: implications for the UK National Service Framework.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Improvement of self-care behaviour is an aim of several non-pharmacological nurse-led management programmes for @entity0 with @entity1 . These programmes are often evaluated based on their effects on readmission, costs and quality of life. It is, however, also important to know how @entity0 changed their self-care behaviour as a result of such a programme. Therefore a comprehensive, reliable and valid measure of the self-care behaviour of HF @entity0 is needed. OBJECTIVES: To develop a scale measuring the behaviour that @entity1 @entity0 perform to maintain life, healthy functioning, and well-being. METHOD: The European @entity1 Self-Care Behaviour Scale (EHFScBS) was developed in three phases: (1) concept analysis and first construction; (2) revision of items and response and scoring format; and (3) testing of the new scale for validity and reliability. RESULTS: The European @entity1 Self-Care Behaviour Scale is a 12-item, self-administered questionnaire that covers items concerning self-care behaviour of @entity0 with @entity1 . Face-validity and concurrent validity was established and the internal consistency of the scale was tested using pooled data of 442 @entity0 from two centres in Sweden, three in the Netherlands and one in Italy. Cronbachs's alpha was 0.81. CONCLUSION: The instrument is a valid, reliable and practical scale to measure the self-reported self-care behaviour of @entity1 @entity0 . It is ready to use by investigators evaluating the outcome of @entity1 management programmes that target changes in @entity0 ' self-care practices.

title: Development and testing of the European XXXX Self-Care Behaviour Scale.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 in the brain resulting from @entity1 of 15 to 120 minutes duration in ventilated and well-oxygenated @entity0 was assessed. @entity2 were induced by inhalation of the convulsant gas @entity7 , and terminated by withdrawal of @entity7 and a single injection of thiopental. The animals were allowed to recover for one week, and neuronal damage was assessed by cell counts following subserial sectioning of the brain and microscopical examination of the sections. @entity4 of the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra occurred in 5 of the 6 animals with @entity2 duration of 30 minutes, and in all animals with longer @entity2 durations. There also was a common affectation of the central parts of the globus pallidus. The pars compacta of the substantia nigra was never affected. After 45 to 120 minutes of @entity2 , moderate @entity3 was observed in the neocortex (layers 3 and 4), and after 60 to 120 minutes was seen in amygdaloid and thalamic nuclei, as well as in @entity8 and @entity5 hippocampal pyramidal cells. Notably, @entity6 neurons were not damaged nor were dentate granule cells affected. After 120 minutes of @entity2 , damage regularly affected the neocortex and the ventral-posterior nuclei of the thalamus. A conspicuous feature was the localization of @entity3 at sites close to the ventricles.

title: XXXX in well-oxygenated @entity0 causes @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 in the brain resulting from @entity1 of 15 to 120 minutes duration in ventilated and well-oxygenated @entity0 was assessed. @entity2 were induced by inhalation of the convulsant gas @entity7 , and terminated by withdrawal of @entity7 and a single injection of thiopental. The animals were allowed to recover for one week, and neuronal damage was assessed by cell counts following subserial sectioning of the brain and microscopical examination of the sections. @entity4 of the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra occurred in 5 of the 6 animals with @entity2 duration of 30 minutes, and in all animals with longer @entity2 durations. There also was a common affectation of the central parts of the globus pallidus. The pars compacta of the substantia nigra was never affected. After 45 to 120 minutes of @entity2 , moderate @entity3 was observed in the neocortex (layers 3 and 4), and after 60 to 120 minutes was seen in amygdaloid and thalamic nuclei, as well as in @entity8 and @entity5 hippocampal pyramidal cells. Notably, @entity6 neurons were not damaged nor were dentate granule cells affected. After 120 minutes of @entity2 , damage regularly affected the neocortex and the ventral-posterior nuclei of the thalamus. A conspicuous feature was the localization of @entity3 at sites close to the ventricles.

title: @entity1 in well-oxygenated @entity0 causes XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 in the brain resulting from @entity1 of 15 to 120 minutes duration in ventilated and well-oxygenated @entity0 was assessed. @entity2 were induced by inhalation of the convulsant gas @entity7 , and terminated by withdrawal of @entity7 and a single injection of thiopental. The animals were allowed to recover for one week, and neuronal damage was assessed by cell counts following subserial sectioning of the brain and microscopical examination of the sections. @entity4 of the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra occurred in 5 of the 6 animals with @entity2 duration of 30 minutes, and in all animals with longer @entity2 durations. There also was a common affectation of the central parts of the globus pallidus. The pars compacta of the substantia nigra was never affected. After 45 to 120 minutes of @entity2 , moderate @entity3 was observed in the neocortex (layers 3 and 4), and after 60 to 120 minutes was seen in amygdaloid and thalamic nuclei, as well as in @entity8 and @entity5 hippocampal pyramidal cells. Notably, @entity6 neurons were not damaged nor were dentate granule cells affected. After 120 minutes of @entity2 , damage regularly affected the neocortex and the ventral-posterior nuclei of the thalamus. A conspicuous feature was the localization of @entity3 at sites close to the ventricles.

title: @entity1 in well-oxygenated XXXX causes @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Integrins are thought to be important receptors for extracellular matrix (ECM) components on growing axons. Ventral motor axons in the trunk of embryonic @entity0 grow in a midsegmental pathway through an environment rich in ECM components. To test the role of integrins in this process, integrin antagonists (the disintegrin @entity2 in native and recombinant form, as well as the @entity1 peptide) were injected into embryos just prior to axon outgrowth at 14-16 h postfertilization (hpf). All integrin antagonists affected growth of ventral motor nerves in a similar way and native @entity2 was most effective. At 24 hpf, when only the three primary motor axons per trunk hemisegment had grown out, 80% (16 of 20) of the embryos analyzed had abnormal motor nerves after injection of native @entity2 , corresponding to 19% (91 of 480) of all nerves. At 33 hpf, when secondary motor axons were present in the pathway, 100% of the embryos were affected (24 of 24), with 20% of all nerves analyzed (196 of 960) being abnormal. Phenotypes comprised abnormal branching (64% of all abnormal nerves) and truncations (36% of all abnormal nerves) of ventral motor nerves at 24 hpf and mostly branching of the nerves at 33 hpf (94% of all abnormal nerves). Caudal branches were at least twice as frequent as rostral branches. Surrounding trunk tissue and a number of other axon fascicles were apparently not affected by the injections. Thus integrin function contributes to both growth and pathfinding of axons in ventral motor nerves in the trunk of @entity0 in vivo.

title: Integrin antagonists affect growth and pathfinding of ventral motor nerves in the trunk of embryonic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A major outbreak of enterovirus 71 (EV71) in Taiwan in 1998 caused many severe cases and 78 @entity3 . Our purpose was to find reliable markers and early indicators of @entity8 . METHODS: From June 2000 to November 2001, 21 @entity0 with @entity10 or @entity11 with CNS @entity4 were admitted to Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital. All 21 had culture-confirmed EV71 @entity4 or were EV71 IgM positive. @entity0 were divided into two groups: group I included the five fatalities at our institution and group II, the 16 surviving @entity0 . RESULTS: Of the 21 @entity0 and @entity0 with EV71 @entity4 with CNS involvement, MR imaging studies were completed on 17, and 15 showed hyperintensity in the posterior portions of brain stem. All @entity0 received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 1 g/day for two days and supportive care. Five @entity0 rapidly deteriorated owing to irreversible @entity7 and died. The other 16 @entity0 recovered completely without sequel. In group I @entity0 , the decrease of cardiac ejection function is significant and laboratory findings showed lower platelet count (P=0.0192). The mean of initial @entity12 level for groups I and II was 10.6+/-11.6 and 0.48+/-0.55 ng/dl, respectively, higher in group I than in II (P=0.0019). CONCLUSION: We hypothesized that like @entity0 with severe burns, those with severe EV-71 CNS @entity9 have varying degrees of non- @entity1 @entity6 , manifesting as leakage of @entity12 from myocytes into the circulation. EV-71 CNS @entity9 likely to die with an early @entity5 evidenced by reduced ejection fraction and release of @entity12 . We conclude that fatal EV71 CNS @entity4 quickly leads to @entity3 due to severe @entity2 associated with @entity5 .

title: Cardiac troponin I: a reliable marker and early XXXX with @entity9 after fatal enterovirus-71 @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A major outbreak of enterovirus 71 (EV71) in Taiwan in 1998 caused many severe cases and 78 @entity3 . Our purpose was to find reliable markers and early indicators of @entity8 . METHODS: From June 2000 to November 2001, 21 @entity0 with @entity10 or @entity11 with CNS @entity4 were admitted to Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital. All 21 had culture-confirmed EV71 @entity4 or were EV71 IgM positive. @entity0 were divided into two groups: group I included the five fatalities at our institution and group II, the 16 surviving @entity0 . RESULTS: Of the 21 @entity0 and @entity0 with EV71 @entity4 with CNS involvement, MR imaging studies were completed on 17, and 15 showed hyperintensity in the posterior portions of brain stem. All @entity0 received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 1 g/day for two days and supportive care. Five @entity0 rapidly deteriorated owing to irreversible @entity7 and died. The other 16 @entity0 recovered completely without sequel. In group I @entity0 , the decrease of cardiac ejection function is significant and laboratory findings showed lower platelet count (P=0.0192). The mean of initial @entity12 level for groups I and II was 10.6+/-11.6 and 0.48+/-0.55 ng/dl, respectively, higher in group I than in II (P=0.0019). CONCLUSION: We hypothesized that like @entity0 with severe burns, those with severe EV-71 CNS @entity9 have varying degrees of non- @entity1 @entity6 , manifesting as leakage of @entity12 from myocytes into the circulation. EV-71 CNS @entity9 likely to die with an early @entity5 evidenced by reduced ejection fraction and release of @entity12 . We conclude that fatal EV71 CNS @entity4 quickly leads to @entity3 due to severe @entity2 associated with @entity5 .

title: Cardiac troponin I: a reliable marker and early @entity5 with @entity9 after fatal enterovirus-71 XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A major outbreak of enterovirus 71 (EV71) in Taiwan in 1998 caused many severe cases and 78 @entity3 . Our purpose was to find reliable markers and early indicators of @entity8 . METHODS: From June 2000 to November 2001, 21 @entity0 with @entity10 or @entity11 with CNS @entity4 were admitted to Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital. All 21 had culture-confirmed EV71 @entity4 or were EV71 IgM positive. @entity0 were divided into two groups: group I included the five fatalities at our institution and group II, the 16 surviving @entity0 . RESULTS: Of the 21 @entity0 and @entity0 with EV71 @entity4 with CNS involvement, MR imaging studies were completed on 17, and 15 showed hyperintensity in the posterior portions of brain stem. All @entity0 received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) 1 g/day for two days and supportive care. Five @entity0 rapidly deteriorated owing to irreversible @entity7 and died. The other 16 @entity0 recovered completely without sequel. In group I @entity0 , the decrease of cardiac ejection function is significant and laboratory findings showed lower platelet count (P=0.0192). The mean of initial @entity12 level for groups I and II was 10.6+/-11.6 and 0.48+/-0.55 ng/dl, respectively, higher in group I than in II (P=0.0019). CONCLUSION: We hypothesized that like @entity0 with severe burns, those with severe EV-71 CNS @entity9 have varying degrees of non- @entity1 @entity6 , manifesting as leakage of @entity12 from myocytes into the circulation. EV-71 CNS @entity9 likely to die with an early @entity5 evidenced by reduced ejection fraction and release of @entity12 . We conclude that fatal EV71 CNS @entity4 quickly leads to @entity3 due to severe @entity2 associated with @entity5 .

title: Cardiac troponin I: a reliable marker and early @entity5 with XXXX after fatal enterovirus-71 @entity4 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Acute cellular allograft rejection is characterized by leukocyte invasion and tissue destruction, associated with qualitative and quantitative alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) compartment. Metabolism of ECM proteins is mainly regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), that are @entity1 depended endoproteinases. MMP, especially basement membrane degrading @entity4 and @entity3 , also facilitate tissue invasion of leukocytes. In addition, @entity4 exerts a direct pro-inflammatory effect upon glomerular mesangial cells. Therefore, the investigation of the role of MMP in transplant rejection may lead to novel approaches in the therapy of rejection processes. To our knowledge, this is the first study of acute allograft rejection, formally addressing expression and activity of MMP, including the effect of a MMP inhibiting agent. For our studies, we used the orthotopic kidney allograft model in the stringent Dark Agouti-to-Lewis @entity0 combination. Animals were divided into four groups: group A, healthy untreated Lewis @entity0 (n=3); group B, sham operated Lewis @entity0 (n=3); group C, transplanted Lewis @entity0 treated with vehicle solution only (n=12); group D, transplanted Lewis @entity0 treated with MMP inhibitor @entity5 (n=12). Respective animals were treated once daily intraperitonealy with @entity5 (30 mg/kg) or vehicle solution only. Treatment lasted from the third preoperative day until the end of the experiment, the time of severe rejection at day +7. Acute kidney allograft rejection led to alterations in the expression and activity of MMP. Overall MMP activity slightly increased despite severe destruction of kidney histology. The MMP inhibitor @entity5 successfully inhibited MMP activity to a high extent. MMP expression did not show uniform findings, since acute rejection led to differential expression of @entity4 and @entity3 . During the rejection process, @entity3 showed a small but significant increase, whereas @entity4 production decreased substantially. Interestingly, @entity5 was able to keep @entity2 at a low level in transplanted animals. In conclusion, MMP-especially @entity3 -appear to represent new mediators involved in acute kidney transplant rejection.

title: Differential expression of XXXX / @entity3 and potential benefit of an MMP inhibitor in experimental acute kidney allograft rejection.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Acute cellular allograft rejection is characterized by leukocyte invasion and tissue destruction, associated with qualitative and quantitative alterations in the extracellular matrix (ECM) compartment. Metabolism of ECM proteins is mainly regulated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), that are @entity1 depended endoproteinases. MMP, especially basement membrane degrading @entity4 and @entity3 , also facilitate tissue invasion of leukocytes. In addition, @entity4 exerts a direct pro-inflammatory effect upon glomerular mesangial cells. Therefore, the investigation of the role of MMP in transplant rejection may lead to novel approaches in the therapy of rejection processes. To our knowledge, this is the first study of acute allograft rejection, formally addressing expression and activity of MMP, including the effect of a MMP inhibiting agent. For our studies, we used the orthotopic kidney allograft model in the stringent Dark Agouti-to-Lewis @entity0 combination. Animals were divided into four groups: group A, healthy untreated Lewis @entity0 (n=3); group B, sham operated Lewis @entity0 (n=3); group C, transplanted Lewis @entity0 treated with vehicle solution only (n=12); group D, transplanted Lewis @entity0 treated with MMP inhibitor @entity5 (n=12). Respective animals were treated once daily intraperitonealy with @entity5 (30 mg/kg) or vehicle solution only. Treatment lasted from the third preoperative day until the end of the experiment, the time of severe rejection at day +7. Acute kidney allograft rejection led to alterations in the expression and activity of MMP. Overall MMP activity slightly increased despite severe destruction of kidney histology. The MMP inhibitor @entity5 successfully inhibited MMP activity to a high extent. MMP expression did not show uniform findings, since acute rejection led to differential expression of @entity4 and @entity3 . During the rejection process, @entity3 showed a small but significant increase, whereas @entity4 production decreased substantially. Interestingly, @entity5 was able to keep @entity2 at a low level in transplanted animals. In conclusion, MMP-especially @entity3 -appear to represent new mediators involved in acute kidney transplant rejection.

title: Differential expression of @entity4 / XXXX and potential benefit of an MMP inhibitor in experimental acute kidney allograft rejection.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of Lenercept , a recombinant soluble TNF receptor @entity5 fused to an immunoglobulin heavy chain IgG1, on the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in @entity1 . DESIGN: Post hoc analysis of a subgroup of @entity0 enrolled in a multicenter phase III, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study of Lenercept in severe @entity1 . SETTING: Surgical and medical intensive care units, and postoperative recovery room of a tertiary care teaching hospital. @entity0 : A total of 57 @entity0 were enrolled in the multicenter study in our center. INTERVENTION: Septic @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive either Lenercept 0.125 mg/kg or placebo. The @entity0 were followed for up to 28 days after randomization. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Circulating levels of @entity2 , @entity3 , TNFsR75 and @entity4 were measured before and after treatment. The two groups were comparable with regard to age, gender and diagnosis distribution. The total level of @entity2 increased significantly in treated @entity0 , compared to @entity0 receiving placebo. The levels of the other inflammatory mediators did not differ between the two groups CONCLUSIONS: Lenercept -treated @entity0 experienced a protracted @entity2 half-life, leading to higher total @entity2 levels throughout the study. However, the treatment had no effects on anti-inflammatory mediators. Therefore, peripheral inflammatory processes might not have been significantly modified by the treatment. This might account for the lack of efficacy this treatment in septic @entity0

title: Anti-inflammatory response after infusion of @entity5 soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein for severe XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of Lenercept , a recombinant soluble TNF receptor @entity5 fused to an immunoglobulin heavy chain IgG1, on the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory mediators in @entity1 . DESIGN: Post hoc analysis of a subgroup of @entity0 enrolled in a multicenter phase III, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study of Lenercept in severe @entity1 . SETTING: Surgical and medical intensive care units, and postoperative recovery room of a tertiary care teaching hospital. @entity0 : A total of 57 @entity0 were enrolled in the multicenter study in our center. INTERVENTION: Septic @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive either Lenercept 0.125 mg/kg or placebo. The @entity0 were followed for up to 28 days after randomization. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Circulating levels of @entity2 , @entity3 , TNFsR75 and @entity4 were measured before and after treatment. The two groups were comparable with regard to age, gender and diagnosis distribution. The total level of @entity2 increased significantly in treated @entity0 , compared to @entity0 receiving placebo. The levels of the other inflammatory mediators did not differ between the two groups CONCLUSIONS: Lenercept -treated @entity0 experienced a protracted @entity2 half-life, leading to higher total @entity2 levels throughout the study. However, the treatment had no effects on anti-inflammatory mediators. Therefore, peripheral inflammatory processes might not have been significantly modified by the treatment. This might account for the lack of efficacy this treatment in septic @entity0

title: Anti-inflammatory response after infusion of XXXX soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor fusion protein for severe @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a case of @entity1 from @entity4 ( @entity4 ) after hemodialysis. DESIGN: Observational case report. METHODS: Neuro-ophthalmic examination, neuro-imaging including computed tomography (CT) scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head and orbits, and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the neck and cerebral vasculature, as well as electrophysiologic testing including electroretinogram (ERG) and visually evoked response (VER) were performed. RESULTS: Acute onset of painless bilateral no light perception vision with absent pupillary response to light and normal funduscopic examination occurred shortly after completion of hemodialysis. Computed tomography scan and MRA results were normal. Magnetic resonance imaging scan showed small vessel @entity0 white matter changes. Electroretinogram results were normal and the VER was unrecordable. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 after hemodialysis is a rare complication and is associated with @entity2 and @entity3 events. The @entity1 is usually a result of @entity5 . We were unable to find another instance in the literature of @entity1 after hemodialysis resulting from @entity4 .

title: XXXX after hemodialysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study modelled the cost-effectiveness of 11 oral antipsychotics for relapse prevention among @entity0 with remitted @entity2 in Singapore. A network meta-analysis determined the relative efficacy and tolerability of 11 oral antipsychotics ( @entity13 , @entity8 , @entity9 , @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity12 , @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity10 , @entity11 and @entity6 ). The clinical estimates were applied in a Markov model to estimate lifetime costs and quality-adjusted life-years gained. Quality-of-life data were obtained from published literature. Resource utilization and cost data were retrieved from local hospital databases. The annual direct cost of healthcare services for a @entity0 experiencing a relapse episode was three-fold that of a @entity0 not in relapse of @entity2 . The most favourable pharmacological treatment for relapse prevention was @entity3 with an annual probability of relapse of 0.24 (0.13-0.38) with placebo as a reference of 0.75 (0.73-0.78). @entity3 emerged as the dominant treatment with the highest quality-adjusted life-years gained and lowest lifetime costs. @entity6 , @entity8 and @entity12 incurred higher lifetime costs compared with no treatment. Probability and cost of relapse were key drivers of cost-effectiveness in sensitivity analyses. The data can help prescribers in choosing appropriate treatment and payers in allocating resources for the clinical management of this serious @entity1 .

title: Comparative cost-effectiveness of 11 oral antipsychotics for relapse prevention in XXXX within Singapore using effectiveness estimates from a network meta-analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Describing and analyzing heart multiphysics requires the acquisition and fusion of multisensor cardiac images. Multisensor image fusion enables a combined analysis of these heterogeneous modalities. We propose to register intra- @entity0 multiview 2D+t ultrasound (US) images with multiview late @entity3 -enhanced (LGE) images acquired during cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in order to fuse mechanical and tissue state information. The proposed procedure registers both US and LGE to cine MRI. The correction of slice misalignment and the rigid registration of multiview LGE and cine MRI are studied, to select the most appropriate similarity measure. It showed that mutual information performs the best for LGE slice misalignment correction and for LGE and cine registration. Concerning US registration, @entity5 resulting from speckle tracking echocardiography were exploited in a geometry-based dynamic registration. We propose the use of an adapted dynamic time warping procedure to synchronize cardiac dynamics in multiview US and cine MRI. The registration of US and LGE MRI was evaluated on a dataset of @entity0 with @entity2 . A visual assessment of 330 left ventricular regions from US images of 28 @entity0 resulted in 92.7% of regions successfully aligned with cardiac structures in LGE. Successfully-aligned regions were then used to evaluate the abilities of strain indicators to predict the presence of @entity1 . @entity4 and peak-delay of aligned left ventricular regions were computed from corresponding regional strain curves from US. The Mann-Withney test proved that the expected values of these indicators change between the populations of regions with and without @entity1 (p < 0.01). ROC curves otherwise proved that the presence of @entity1 is one factor amongst others which modifies @entity4 and peak-delay.

title: Registration of dynamic multiview 2D ultrasound and late XXXX enhanced images of the heart: Application to @entity2 characterization.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Describing and analyzing heart multiphysics requires the acquisition and fusion of multisensor cardiac images. Multisensor image fusion enables a combined analysis of these heterogeneous modalities. We propose to register intra- @entity0 multiview 2D+t ultrasound (US) images with multiview late @entity3 -enhanced (LGE) images acquired during cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in order to fuse mechanical and tissue state information. The proposed procedure registers both US and LGE to cine MRI. The correction of slice misalignment and the rigid registration of multiview LGE and cine MRI are studied, to select the most appropriate similarity measure. It showed that mutual information performs the best for LGE slice misalignment correction and for LGE and cine registration. Concerning US registration, @entity5 resulting from speckle tracking echocardiography were exploited in a geometry-based dynamic registration. We propose the use of an adapted dynamic time warping procedure to synchronize cardiac dynamics in multiview US and cine MRI. The registration of US and LGE MRI was evaluated on a dataset of @entity0 with @entity2 . A visual assessment of 330 left ventricular regions from US images of 28 @entity0 resulted in 92.7% of regions successfully aligned with cardiac structures in LGE. Successfully-aligned regions were then used to evaluate the abilities of strain indicators to predict the presence of @entity1 . @entity4 and peak-delay of aligned left ventricular regions were computed from corresponding regional strain curves from US. The Mann-Withney test proved that the expected values of these indicators change between the populations of regions with and without @entity1 (p < 0.01). ROC curves otherwise proved that the presence of @entity1 is one factor amongst others which modifies @entity4 and peak-delay.

title: Registration of dynamic multiview 2D ultrasound and late @entity3 enhanced images of the heart: Application to XXXX characterization.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 is characterized by an accumulation of @entity5 crystals within most body tissues. Renal transplantation and oral @entity8 have improved the general prognosis of the disease, and ocular manifestations are now the most common complication. This long-term follow-up study describes the sequence of ocular manifestations in @entity0 with @entity9 treated with oral and topical @entity8 . METHODS: Data were recorded for all @entity0 with @entity9 examined between 1980 and 2000. For each @entity0 , @entity7 and @entity1 were evaluated and slit-lamp and fundus examinations were performed. For some @entity0 , an electroretinogram was also performed. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity0 were observed during this period. They received oral and topical @entity8 . Photophobia and loss of @entity1 generally began by 10 years of age but were severe only after 15 years of age. Peripheral corneal epithelial infiltration appeared in the first few years of life. Infiltration evolved toward the depth and center of the @entity2 during the second decade of life. @entity3 was present in 51.7% of the @entity0 , with 3 cases of @entity4 and 3 cases of flattening on electroretinogram. CONCLUSIONS: Photophobia and @entity6 , although generally severe after 15 years of age, could be treated with topical @entity8 and corneal transplantation. Retinal infiltration, previously described as frequent and potentially blinding, is currently observed in only half of these @entity0 , with mild @entity1 . This could be related to the treatment with oral @entity8 reaching the retinal vascularization.

title: Evolution of ocular manifestations in @entity9 : a long-term study of a population treated with XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 is characterized by an accumulation of @entity5 crystals within most body tissues. Renal transplantation and oral @entity8 have improved the general prognosis of the disease, and ocular manifestations are now the most common complication. This long-term follow-up study describes the sequence of ocular manifestations in @entity0 with @entity9 treated with oral and topical @entity8 . METHODS: Data were recorded for all @entity0 with @entity9 examined between 1980 and 2000. For each @entity0 , @entity7 and @entity1 were evaluated and slit-lamp and fundus examinations were performed. For some @entity0 , an electroretinogram was also performed. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity0 were observed during this period. They received oral and topical @entity8 . Photophobia and loss of @entity1 generally began by 10 years of age but were severe only after 15 years of age. Peripheral corneal epithelial infiltration appeared in the first few years of life. Infiltration evolved toward the depth and center of the @entity2 during the second decade of life. @entity3 was present in 51.7% of the @entity0 , with 3 cases of @entity4 and 3 cases of flattening on electroretinogram. CONCLUSIONS: Photophobia and @entity6 , although generally severe after 15 years of age, could be treated with topical @entity8 and corneal transplantation. Retinal infiltration, previously described as frequent and potentially blinding, is currently observed in only half of these @entity0 , with mild @entity1 . This could be related to the treatment with oral @entity8 reaching the retinal vascularization.

title: Evolution of ocular manifestations in XXXX : a long-term study of a population treated with @entity8 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Natural populations exhibit a great deal of interindividual genetic variation in the response to toxins, exemplified by the variable clinical efficacy of pharmaceutical drugs in @entity0 , and the evolution of pesticide resistant insects. Such variation can result from several phenomena, including variable metabolic detoxification of the xenobiotic, and differential sensitivity of the molecular target of the toxin. Our goal is to genetically dissect variation in the response to xenobiotics, and characterize naturally-segregating polymorphisms that modulate @entity1 . Here, we use the @entity2 Synthetic Population Resource (DSPR), a multiparent advanced intercross panel of recombinant inbred lines, to identify QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) underlying xenobiotic resistance, and employ @entity3 as a model toxic compound. Phenotyping over 1,700 genotypes led to the identification of ten QTL, each explaining 4.5-14.4% of the broad-sense heritability for @entity3 resistance. Four QTL harbor members of the cytochrome P450 family of detoxification enzymes, which represent strong a priori candidate genes. The case is especially strong for @entity4 , with multiple lines of evidence indicating the gene causally impacts @entity3 resistance. @entity4 is implicated by QTL mapped in both panels of DSPR RILs, is significantly upregulated in the presence of @entity3 , and RNAi knockdown robustly decreases @entity3 tolerance. Furthermore, copy number variation at @entity4 is strongly associated with phenotype in the DSPR, with a trend in the same direction observed in the DGRP ( @entity2 Genetic Reference Panel). No additional plausible causative polymorphisms were observed in a full genomewide association study in the DGRP, or in analyses restricted to QTL regions mapped in the DSPR. Just as in @entity0 populations, replicating modest-effect, naturally-segregating causative variants in an association study framework in flies will likely require very large sample sizes.

title: Identifying Loci Contributing to Natural Variation in Xenobiotic Resistance in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased arterial compliance (COMPart) has recently been described in @entity0 with @entity1 , particularly in @entity3 . The aim of the present study was to relate COMPart with arterial levels of the circulating natriuretic peptides: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), both of which are vasodilators. METHODS: Thirty-one @entity0 with @entity1 , 14 non-cirrhotic @entity0 with circulatory disturbances of the ischaemic and @entity2 type, and 10 healthy controls were investigated during a haemodynamic examination. RESULTS: The @entity0 with @entity1 showed the well-known hyperdynamic circulation with elevated cardiac output, low arterial blood pressure, and reduced systemic vascular resistance. COMPart in the @entity0 with @entity1 (1.30 mL/mmHg) was significantly (P < 0.01) increased compared to that of non-cirrhotic @entity0 (0.99 mL/mmHg) and controls (1.01 mL/mmHg). In the @entity0 with @entity1 , a significant inverse correlation was found between @entity5 and COMPart (r = -0.42, P < 0.01), but not between @entity5 and systemic vascular resistance (r = 0.31, P = 0.08). In the non-cirrhotic @entity0 , @entity5 had a significant inverse correlation to COMPart (r = -0.68, P < 0.01) and a direct correlation to systemic vascular resistance (r = 0.62, P < 0.02). ANP was not significantly related to COMPart nor to systemic vascular resistance in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: The finding of an inverse relation between @entity5 and COMPart may suggest that a compensatory down-regulation of @entity5 occurs in @entity0 with @entity1 and other types of @entity4 when vasodilation persists. Regulation of large and small arteries by @entity5 may be different in @entity1 . Arterial ANP is not related to properties of the large or small arteries.

title: Increased arterial compliance in XXXX is related to decreased arterial @entity5 , but not to atrial natriuretic peptide.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased arterial compliance (COMPart) has recently been described in @entity0 with @entity1 , particularly in @entity3 . The aim of the present study was to relate COMPart with arterial levels of the circulating natriuretic peptides: atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), both of which are vasodilators. METHODS: Thirty-one @entity0 with @entity1 , 14 non-cirrhotic @entity0 with circulatory disturbances of the ischaemic and @entity2 type, and 10 healthy controls were investigated during a haemodynamic examination. RESULTS: The @entity0 with @entity1 showed the well-known hyperdynamic circulation with elevated cardiac output, low arterial blood pressure, and reduced systemic vascular resistance. COMPart in the @entity0 with @entity1 (1.30 mL/mmHg) was significantly (P < 0.01) increased compared to that of non-cirrhotic @entity0 (0.99 mL/mmHg) and controls (1.01 mL/mmHg). In the @entity0 with @entity1 , a significant inverse correlation was found between @entity5 and COMPart (r = -0.42, P < 0.01), but not between @entity5 and systemic vascular resistance (r = 0.31, P = 0.08). In the non-cirrhotic @entity0 , @entity5 had a significant inverse correlation to COMPart (r = -0.68, P < 0.01) and a direct correlation to systemic vascular resistance (r = 0.62, P < 0.02). ANP was not significantly related to COMPart nor to systemic vascular resistance in any of the groups. CONCLUSION: The finding of an inverse relation between @entity5 and COMPart may suggest that a compensatory down-regulation of @entity5 occurs in @entity0 with @entity1 and other types of @entity4 when vasodilation persists. Regulation of large and small arteries by @entity5 may be different in @entity1 . Arterial ANP is not related to properties of the large or small arteries.

title: Increased arterial compliance in @entity1 is related to decreased arterial XXXX , but not to atrial natriuretic peptide.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The biological origin of @entity3 is unknown, and hereditary forms of this disease have not been described. Here, the authors present clinical and histopathological findings of a young @entity0 with a @entity3 who had multiple immediate family members who harbored similar @entity1 . A 37-year-old otherwise healthy @entity0 presented with a history of progressive @entity2 . @entity4 had been diagnosed previously in her mother and maternal grandfather, and her maternal uncle had a supratentorial liponeurocytoma. MRI revealed a large, poorly enhancing, lipomatous mass emanating from the superior vermis that produced marked compression of posterior fossa structures. An uncomplicated supracerebellar infratentorial approach was used to resect the lesion. Genetic and histopathological analyses of the lesion revealed neuronal, glial, and lipomatous differentiation and confirmed the diagnosis of @entity3 . A comparison of the @entity1 resected from the @entity0 and, 22 years previously, her mother revealed similar features. @entity3 is a poorly understood entity. This report provides novel evidence of an inheritable predisposition for @entity1 development. Accurate diagnosis and reporting of clinical outcomes and associated genetic and histopathological changes are necessary for guiding prognosis and developing recommendations for @entity0 care.

title: XXXX : a rare @entity1 with possible familial predisposition. Case report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The biological origin of @entity3 is unknown, and hereditary forms of this disease have not been described. Here, the authors present clinical and histopathological findings of a young @entity0 with a @entity3 who had multiple immediate family members who harbored similar @entity1 . A 37-year-old otherwise healthy @entity0 presented with a history of progressive @entity2 . @entity4 had been diagnosed previously in her mother and maternal grandfather, and her maternal uncle had a supratentorial liponeurocytoma. MRI revealed a large, poorly enhancing, lipomatous mass emanating from the superior vermis that produced marked compression of posterior fossa structures. An uncomplicated supracerebellar infratentorial approach was used to resect the lesion. Genetic and histopathological analyses of the lesion revealed neuronal, glial, and lipomatous differentiation and confirmed the diagnosis of @entity3 . A comparison of the @entity1 resected from the @entity0 and, 22 years previously, her mother revealed similar features. @entity3 is a poorly understood entity. This report provides novel evidence of an inheritable predisposition for @entity1 development. Accurate diagnosis and reporting of clinical outcomes and associated genetic and histopathological changes are necessary for guiding prognosis and developing recommendations for @entity0 care.

title: @entity3 : a rare XXXX with possible familial predisposition. Case report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a major risk factor for @entity5 . With respect to @entity6 , there are no published serial data regarding the deposition rate of amyloid throughout the brain after @entity4 . The authors conducted serial @entity11 (florbetapir @entity10 ) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in 2 @entity0 with severe @entity4 at 1, 12, and 24 months after injury. A total of 12 brain regions were surveyed for changes in amyloid levels. Case 1 involved a 50-year-old @entity0 who experienced a severe @entity4 . Compared with the 1-month time point, of the 12 brain regions that were surveyed, a decrease in amyloid (as indicated by standard uptake value ratios) was only observed in the hippocampus (-16%, left; -12%, right) and caudate nucleus (-18%, left; -18%, right), suggesting that @entity8 in the brain was cleared between time points 1 and 12 months after injury. Compared to the scan at 1 year, a greater increase in amyloid (+15%) was observed in the right hippocampus at the 24-month time point. The @entity0 in Case 2 was a 37-year-old @entity0 who suffered severe @entity3 to the head and a subsequent @entity1 ; he had poor cognitive/functional outcomes and underwent 1.5 years of rehabilitation. Due to a large @entity7 area on the injured side of the brain (right side), the authors focused primarily on brain regions affected within the left hemisphere. Compared with the 1-month scan, they only found an increase in brain amyloid within the left anterior putamen (+11%) at 12 months after injury. In contrast, decreased amyloid burden was detected in the left caudate nucleus (-48%), occipital cortex (-21%), and precuneus (-19%) brain regions at the 12-month time point, which is indicative of early accumulation and subsequent clearance. In comparison with 12-month values, more clearance was observed, since a reduction in amyloid was found at 24 months after @entity3 within the left anterior putamen (-12%) and occipital cortex (-15%). Also, by 24 months, most of the amyloid had been cleared and the @entity0 demonstrated improved results on the Rivermead symptom questionnaire, Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended, and Disability Rating Scale. With respect to @entity9 status, the @entity0 in Case 1 had two   3 alleles and the @entity0 in Case 2 had one   2 and one   3 allele. In comparison to the findings of the initial scan at 1 month after @entity4 , by 12 and 24 months after injury amyloid was cleared in some brain regions and increased in others. Serial imaging conducted here suggests that florbetapir @entity10 PET imaging may be useful in monitoring amyloid dynamics within specific brain regions following severe @entity4 and may be predictive of @entity2 .

title: Evidence of increased brain amyloid in severe XXXX survivors at 1, 12, and 24 months after injury: report of 2 cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT There are reports that fusion is the standard treatment of choice for cases of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (LDS) associated with lumbar spinal canal stenosis with a large degree of slippage. The reasons why, however, have not been clarified. On the other hand, it is known that the progress of slippage decreases and restabilization occurs over the natural course of LDS. Therefore, if minimally invasive decompression could be performed, there would be little possibility of it influencing the natural course of LDS, so it would not be necessary to include preoperative percentage slip in the criteria for the selection of fusion. This study examined the course of LDS cases more than 5 years after treatment with minimally invasive decompression to determine whether pre- and @entity1 and disc changes influence the clinical results. METHODS A total of 51 intervertebral segments in 51 cases with the chief complaint of radicular or cauda equina symptoms due to lumbar spinal canal stenosis were examined after prospective treatment with minimally invasive decompression for LDS. The mean age of the @entity0 at the time of surgery was 66.7 years and the mean follow-up period was 7 years 4 months. Minimally invasive decompression was performed regardless of the degree of @entity2 or percentage slip. The outcome variables were clinical results and changes in imaging findings. RESULTS Over the follow-up period, postoperative percentage slip increased and disc height decreased, but the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score improved. Regardless of the preoperative percentage slip, disc height, or degree of @entity3 or segmental instability, the clinical results were favorable. In the high preoperative percentage slip group, low disc height group, and progressive @entity3 group, there was little postoperative progress of slippage. In the group with a @entity1 increase of more than 5%, slippage increased significantly at postoperative year 2, but no significant difference was observed at the final follow-up. CONCLUSIONS When minimally invasive decompression was performed to treat LDS, the postoperative change in slippage was no different from that during the natural course. Furthermore, regardless of the degree of preoperative slippage or @entity3 , the clinical results were favorable. Also, the higher the preoperative percentage slip and the more that @entity3 progressed, the more the progress of @entity1 decreased. Because the postoperative progress of slippage decreased, it is believed that even after minimally invasive decompression, restabilization occurs as it would during the natural course. If minimally invasive decompression can be performed to treat LDS, it is believed that preoperative percentage slip and @entity3 do not have to be included in the appropriateness criteria for fusion.

title: Outcomes in cases of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis more than 5 years after treatment with minimally invasive decompression: examination of pre- and XXXX , intervertebral disc changes, and clinical results.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Fetal @entity3 present unique clinical challenges. Accurate diagnosis of the lesion, as well as an understanding of the local and systemic impacts, will guide the antenatal surveillance and the treatment plan and will determine the prognosis. Management will be altered by and dependent on intrauterine progression, gestational age, and fetal condition at birth. In addition, large @entity0 can lead to the development of the Kasabach-Merritt sequence in the fetus and to either fetal or maternal hemodynamic impairment. @entity0 are either @entity0 . Color and pulsed wave Doppler sonography are useful for the identification of @entity1 and help narrow the differential diagnosis. Once a @entity2 is identified, a comprehensive anatomic survey is mandatory to determine whether there are coexistent malformations that impact either the diagnosis or prognosis. These lesions can have local mass effects, systemic hemodynamic effects, or both. Therefore, longitudinal assessment of the fetus is focused on the detection of lesion progression and on any fetal or maternal status changes. We report the prenatal diagnosis of an @entity5 ( @entity4 ) with a dramatic progression affecting both mother and fetus.

title: Lethal progression of a fetal XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Screening for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) following cervical spine fractures is routinely performed across @entity2 centers in North America. From 2002 to 2007, the total number of neck CT angiography (CTA) studies performed in the Medicare population after @entity2 increased from 9796 to 115,021. In the era of cost-effective medical care, the authors aimed to evaluate the utility of CTA screening in detecting @entity4 and reduce chances of posterior circulation @entity1 after traumatic cervical spine fractures. METHODS A retrospective review of all @entity0 presenting with cervical spine fractures to Northeast Ohio's Level I @entity2 institution from 2002 to 2012 was performed. RESULTS There was a total of 1717 cervical spine fractures in @entity0 presenting to Northeast Ohio's Level I @entity2 institution between 2002 and 2012. CTA screening was performed in 732 @entity0 , and 51 @entity0 (0.7%) were found to have a @entity4 . @entity3 patterns with increased odds of @entity4 were @entity6 and @entity5 combined fractures, @entity3 , and subluxation of adjacent vertebral levels. Ten posterior circulation @entity1 were identified in this @entity0 population (0.6%) and found in only 4 of 51 cases of @entity4 (7.8%). High-risk fractures defined by Denver Criteria, @entity4 , and antiplatelet treatment of @entity4 were not independent predictors of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS Cost-effective screening must be reevaluated in the setting of blunt cervical spine fractures on a case-by-case basis. Further prospective studies must be performed to elucidate the utility of screening for @entity4 and posterior circulation @entity1 prevention, if identified.

title: Screening via CT angiogram after traumatic cervical spine fractures: narrowing imaging to improve cost effectiveness. Experience of a Level I XXXX center.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Latanoprost (Xalatan) is an @entity9 analogue of @entity7 that reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing uveoscleral outflow. The IOP-lowering efficacy of latanoprost 0.005% lasts for up to 24 hours after a single topical dose, which allows for a once-daily dosage regimen. In @entity0 with @entity5 or @entity2 , a single drop of latanoprost 0.005% solution (about 1.5 microg) administered topically once daily reduced diurnal IOP by 22 to 39% over 1 to 12 months' treatment in well-controlled trials; efficacy was maintained during treatment periods of up to 2 years. At this dosage, latanoprost was significantly more effective than @entity8 0.5% twice daily in 3 of 4 large, double-blind, randomised studies, was generally as effective as bimatoprost or travoprost, and was significantly more effective than @entity10 , @entity11 or @entity12 . Furthermore, in @entity0 whose IOP was poorly controlled with @entity8 , switching to latanoprost monotherapy was at least as effective at lowering IOP as adding @entity10 or @entity3 to the regimen. Latanoprost has also shown significant additive effects when used in combination with one or more @entity1 medications. The fixed combination of latanoprost plus @entity8 was significantly more effective than either of its individual components in two double-blind randomised studies and more effective than the fixed combination of @entity10 and @entity8 in a 3-month, evaluator-masked study. Data in @entity0 with @entity4 are limited, but in @entity0 with elevated IOP after undergoing iridotomy, latanoprost 0.005% once daily was significantly more effective than @entity8 0.5% twice daily at reducing IOP over 12 weeks of treatment in a large double-blind, randomised study. Latanoprost is generally well tolerated and, unlike @entity8 , induces minimal systemic adverse events. In well-controlled, 6-month trials, the most commonly occurring drug-related ocular events in latanoprost recipients were mild to moderate @entity6 (3 to 15%) and iris colour change (2 to 9%); these seldom required @entity0 withdrawal although the latter may be permanent. Latanoprost 0.005% as a single daily drop has shown good IOP-lowering efficacy in @entity0 with @entity2 or @entity5 and does not produce the cardiopulmonary adverse effects associated with beta-blockers. Thus, latanoprost is a valuable addition to the first-line treatment options for @entity0 with @entity2 or @entity5 . In addition, adjunctive treatment with latanoprost in @entity0 who are refractory to beta-blocker therapy is a viable, second-line treatment option. Although preliminary findings are promising, wider clinical experience is required to define the place of latanoprost in the treatment of @entity4 .

title: Latanoprost : an update of its use in @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Latanoprost (Xalatan) is an @entity9 analogue of @entity7 that reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) by increasing uveoscleral outflow. The IOP-lowering efficacy of latanoprost 0.005% lasts for up to 24 hours after a single topical dose, which allows for a once-daily dosage regimen. In @entity0 with @entity5 or @entity2 , a single drop of latanoprost 0.005% solution (about 1.5 microg) administered topically once daily reduced diurnal IOP by 22 to 39% over 1 to 12 months' treatment in well-controlled trials; efficacy was maintained during treatment periods of up to 2 years. At this dosage, latanoprost was significantly more effective than @entity8 0.5% twice daily in 3 of 4 large, double-blind, randomised studies, was generally as effective as bimatoprost or travoprost, and was significantly more effective than @entity10 , @entity11 or @entity12 . Furthermore, in @entity0 whose IOP was poorly controlled with @entity8 , switching to latanoprost monotherapy was at least as effective at lowering IOP as adding @entity10 or @entity3 to the regimen. Latanoprost has also shown significant additive effects when used in combination with one or more @entity1 medications. The fixed combination of latanoprost plus @entity8 was significantly more effective than either of its individual components in two double-blind randomised studies and more effective than the fixed combination of @entity10 and @entity8 in a 3-month, evaluator-masked study. Data in @entity0 with @entity4 are limited, but in @entity0 with elevated IOP after undergoing iridotomy, latanoprost 0.005% once daily was significantly more effective than @entity8 0.5% twice daily at reducing IOP over 12 weeks of treatment in a large double-blind, randomised study. Latanoprost is generally well tolerated and, unlike @entity8 , induces minimal systemic adverse events. In well-controlled, 6-month trials, the most commonly occurring drug-related ocular events in latanoprost recipients were mild to moderate @entity6 (3 to 15%) and iris colour change (2 to 9%); these seldom required @entity0 withdrawal although the latter may be permanent. Latanoprost 0.005% as a single daily drop has shown good IOP-lowering efficacy in @entity0 with @entity2 or @entity5 and does not produce the cardiopulmonary adverse effects associated with beta-blockers. Thus, latanoprost is a valuable addition to the first-line treatment options for @entity0 with @entity2 or @entity5 . In addition, adjunctive treatment with latanoprost in @entity0 who are refractory to beta-blocker therapy is a viable, second-line treatment option. Although preliminary findings are promising, wider clinical experience is required to define the place of latanoprost in the treatment of @entity4 .

title: Latanoprost : an update of its use in XXXX and @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Searching for a novel immunosuppressive agent to effectively prevent @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is essential for success in clinical xenotransplantation. We previously reported that Lewis @entity2 hearts transplanted into BALB/c @entity1 developed typical @entity7 in 6 days. The present study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of LF 15-0195, a new immunosuppressive analog of @entity10 in the prevention of @entity7 in a @entity2 -to- @entity1 cardiac xenograft model. We transplanted 2-week old Lewis @entity2 hearts into BALB/c @entity1 . Four groups were included in this study: untreated recipients and @entity3 ( @entity6 ) treated recipients were controls; LF 15-0195 treated recipients or LF 15-0195 combined with @entity6 treated recipients were experimental groups. @entity1 recipients received either LF 15-0195 2 mg/kg subcutaneously from day-1 to post-operative day 14, or @entity6 15 mg/kg subcutaneously daily, from day 0 to endpoint rejection, or the two drugs in combination. We observed that high dose @entity6 did not inhibit @entity7 and the graft was rejected in 11.3 +/- 1.9 days. Graft histology and immunohistology showed typical @entity7 , characterized by interstitial @entity4 , intravascular fibrin deposition, @entity5 , and massive deposition of anti-rat immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM). Serum xenoreactive antibodies (xAbs) were markedly elevated in these animals as well. In contrast, we observed that treatment with LF 15-0195 alone significantly prolonged graft survival to 19.3 +/- 0.7 days. Notably, xAbs were significantly decreased and the rejection pattern of these grafts was cell-mediated rejection (CMR), instead of @entity7 . When @entity6 was combined with LF 15-0195, the graft mean survival time was further increased to 58.5 +/- 17.3 days. Antibody production and T-cell infiltration were significantly inhibited at the terminal stages of graft survival and pathology showed striking attenuation of both @entity7 and CMR. Sequential studies on days 6 and 14 demonstrated that LF 15-0195 either alone or combined with @entity6 completely inhibited antibody production. However, intragraft infiltration by @entity9 positive cells including natural killer cells, macrophages and granulocytes in LF 15-0195 treated recipients was similar to that of untreated recipients. We conclude that LF 15-0195 effectively prevented @entity7 by markedly inhibiting the production of anti-donor IgG xAbs. Also, treatment with short course LF 15-0195 and continuous @entity6 significantly reduced T-cell infiltration. Studies to test this therapy in inhibiting @entity7 in a @entity8 -to-non- @entity0 primate xenotransplantation model are underway.

title: Treatment with a short course of LF 15-0195 and continuous @entity3 attenuates acute xenograft rejection in a XXXX -to- @entity1 cardiac transplantation model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Searching for a novel immunosuppressive agent to effectively prevent @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is essential for success in clinical xenotransplantation. We previously reported that Lewis @entity2 hearts transplanted into BALB/c @entity1 developed typical @entity7 in 6 days. The present study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of LF 15-0195, a new immunosuppressive analog of @entity10 in the prevention of @entity7 in a @entity2 -to- @entity1 cardiac xenograft model. We transplanted 2-week old Lewis @entity2 hearts into BALB/c @entity1 . Four groups were included in this study: untreated recipients and @entity3 ( @entity6 ) treated recipients were controls; LF 15-0195 treated recipients or LF 15-0195 combined with @entity6 treated recipients were experimental groups. @entity1 recipients received either LF 15-0195 2 mg/kg subcutaneously from day-1 to post-operative day 14, or @entity6 15 mg/kg subcutaneously daily, from day 0 to endpoint rejection, or the two drugs in combination. We observed that high dose @entity6 did not inhibit @entity7 and the graft was rejected in 11.3 +/- 1.9 days. Graft histology and immunohistology showed typical @entity7 , characterized by interstitial @entity4 , intravascular fibrin deposition, @entity5 , and massive deposition of anti-rat immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM). Serum xenoreactive antibodies (xAbs) were markedly elevated in these animals as well. In contrast, we observed that treatment with LF 15-0195 alone significantly prolonged graft survival to 19.3 +/- 0.7 days. Notably, xAbs were significantly decreased and the rejection pattern of these grafts was cell-mediated rejection (CMR), instead of @entity7 . When @entity6 was combined with LF 15-0195, the graft mean survival time was further increased to 58.5 +/- 17.3 days. Antibody production and T-cell infiltration were significantly inhibited at the terminal stages of graft survival and pathology showed striking attenuation of both @entity7 and CMR. Sequential studies on days 6 and 14 demonstrated that LF 15-0195 either alone or combined with @entity6 completely inhibited antibody production. However, intragraft infiltration by @entity9 positive cells including natural killer cells, macrophages and granulocytes in LF 15-0195 treated recipients was similar to that of untreated recipients. We conclude that LF 15-0195 effectively prevented @entity7 by markedly inhibiting the production of anti-donor IgG xAbs. Also, treatment with short course LF 15-0195 and continuous @entity6 significantly reduced T-cell infiltration. Studies to test this therapy in inhibiting @entity7 in a @entity8 -to-non- @entity0 primate xenotransplantation model are underway.

title: Treatment with a short course of LF 15-0195 and continuous XXXX attenuates acute xenograft rejection in a @entity2 -to- @entity1 cardiac transplantation model.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Searching for a novel immunosuppressive agent to effectively prevent @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is essential for success in clinical xenotransplantation. We previously reported that Lewis @entity2 hearts transplanted into BALB/c @entity1 developed typical @entity7 in 6 days. The present study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of LF 15-0195, a new immunosuppressive analog of @entity10 in the prevention of @entity7 in a @entity2 -to- @entity1 cardiac xenograft model. We transplanted 2-week old Lewis @entity2 hearts into BALB/c @entity1 . Four groups were included in this study: untreated recipients and @entity3 ( @entity6 ) treated recipients were controls; LF 15-0195 treated recipients or LF 15-0195 combined with @entity6 treated recipients were experimental groups. @entity1 recipients received either LF 15-0195 2 mg/kg subcutaneously from day-1 to post-operative day 14, or @entity6 15 mg/kg subcutaneously daily, from day 0 to endpoint rejection, or the two drugs in combination. We observed that high dose @entity6 did not inhibit @entity7 and the graft was rejected in 11.3 +/- 1.9 days. Graft histology and immunohistology showed typical @entity7 , characterized by interstitial @entity4 , intravascular fibrin deposition, @entity5 , and massive deposition of anti-rat immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM). Serum xenoreactive antibodies (xAbs) were markedly elevated in these animals as well. In contrast, we observed that treatment with LF 15-0195 alone significantly prolonged graft survival to 19.3 +/- 0.7 days. Notably, xAbs were significantly decreased and the rejection pattern of these grafts was cell-mediated rejection (CMR), instead of @entity7 . When @entity6 was combined with LF 15-0195, the graft mean survival time was further increased to 58.5 +/- 17.3 days. Antibody production and T-cell infiltration were significantly inhibited at the terminal stages of graft survival and pathology showed striking attenuation of both @entity7 and CMR. Sequential studies on days 6 and 14 demonstrated that LF 15-0195 either alone or combined with @entity6 completely inhibited antibody production. However, intragraft infiltration by @entity9 positive cells including natural killer cells, macrophages and granulocytes in LF 15-0195 treated recipients was similar to that of untreated recipients. We conclude that LF 15-0195 effectively prevented @entity7 by markedly inhibiting the production of anti-donor IgG xAbs. Also, treatment with short course LF 15-0195 and continuous @entity6 significantly reduced T-cell infiltration. Studies to test this therapy in inhibiting @entity7 in a @entity8 -to-non- @entity0 primate xenotransplantation model are underway.

title: Treatment with a short course of LF 15-0195 and continuous @entity3 attenuates acute xenograft rejection in a @entity2 -to- XXXX cardiac transplantation model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This paper describes and analyses the reasons for variation in the treatment strategies used by @entity1 sufferers. The research was undertaken among 103 @entity0 from the Australian city of Perth. Qualitative data was obtained from a clinical sample of 27 and, on the basis of that, an interview schedule was constructed and administered to a survey sample of 76 self-reported @entity1 sufferers. Data collected included comprehensive case histories, knowledge and beliefs about @entity1 , types of practitioners consulted and treatments used and a range of demographic and socioeconomic variables. On the basis of analysis, four basic treatment strategies were discerned. Named after their most salient characteristics and ranging from least to most inclusive these were 'general practitioner and/or self care', 'medical and paramedical care', 'medical and alternative care' and use of 'all sources of care'. The most important determinants of treatment strategy were characteristics of disease--severity, mode of onset and period since onset. The longer the period since onset, the wider the range of treatments utilized. When onset occurred at a relatively young age and when progression was rapid, the more frequently alternative services and treatments were employed. Disease characteristics were followed in importance by socioeconomic factors. Use of the less inclusive strategies was related to social class; with working class @entity0 relying primarily on 'general practitioner and/or self care' and middle class @entity0 using 'medical and paramedical care'. However, when onset and progression were rapid, the disease was severe and the @entity0 relatively young socioeconomic factors were of lesser importance and @entity0 from all classes made use of the more inclusive strategies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The treatment strategies of XXXX sufferers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In this study, the hypothesis that @entity6 socio-economic conditions in childhood may increase the probability of @entity3 in adulthood is examined. The study is based partly on the data of the East-West Study in Finland, which is part of the Seven Countries Study. The study began with 823 @entity0 in Eastern Finland and 888 @entity0 in Western Finland in 1959. The mortality and morbidity of the cohorts were followed from 1959 to 1974. Risk factors were measured in medical examinations in 1959, 1964, 1969 and 1974. Parents of those included in the sample were traced by using parish registers from 1900 to 1919. Over 90% of those in the East-West Study were found. The parents' socio-economic position (socio-economic conditions in childhood) was determined. According to our findings, the relative risks of @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity5 are systematically increased for those born landless in East Finland. Variables partly explaining the increased risk were body height and smoking. The effect of @entity1 was negligible.

title: Socio-economic conditions in childhood and mortality and morbidity caused by XXXX in adulthood in rural Finland.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The experience with @entity1 due to coagulase-negative @entity7 at a 623-bed primary care hospital between 1980 and 1984 was reviewed. A total of 38 episodes in 37 @entity0 were documented; data were available on 37 episodes in 36 @entity0 . The organism accounted for 3.8% of all cases of @entity1 and 6.7% of cases of @entity1 and was associated with 0.03% of all admissions. The incidence remained stable over the 5 years. The rate of survival 28 days after the episode was 78%. Most of the episodes (31) originated from infected vascular access sites. Of the 37 isolates 15 (41%), all @entity7 , were slime producing. @entity7 accounted for 33 of the isolates; of the 33, 5 were @entity5 -resistant and slime producing. Various in-vitro susceptibility testing methods and testing for @entity8 production yielded conflicting results. @entity5 resistance, slime production and speciation as @entity7 were not confirmed as virulence markers. Five @entity0 with @entity5 -resistant organisms were treated with @entity4 , and all recovered. These findings as well as examination of the literature do not support the recommendations that laboratories report such isolates as resistant to all @entity6 agents and that @entity3 be given in all such infections. The different case mix in community hospitals as compared with university centres results in different patterns of @entity2 . Since the community hospital @entity0 population is much larger, more information on the patterns of infections in these centres is needed.

title: @entity1 due to coagulase-negative XXXX in a community hospital.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The experience with @entity1 due to coagulase-negative @entity7 at a 623-bed primary care hospital between 1980 and 1984 was reviewed. A total of 38 episodes in 37 @entity0 were documented; data were available on 37 episodes in 36 @entity0 . The organism accounted for 3.8% of all cases of @entity1 and 6.7% of cases of @entity1 and was associated with 0.03% of all admissions. The incidence remained stable over the 5 years. The rate of survival 28 days after the episode was 78%. Most of the episodes (31) originated from infected vascular access sites. Of the 37 isolates 15 (41%), all @entity7 , were slime producing. @entity7 accounted for 33 of the isolates; of the 33, 5 were @entity5 -resistant and slime producing. Various in-vitro susceptibility testing methods and testing for @entity8 production yielded conflicting results. @entity5 resistance, slime production and speciation as @entity7 were not confirmed as virulence markers. Five @entity0 with @entity5 -resistant organisms were treated with @entity4 , and all recovered. These findings as well as examination of the literature do not support the recommendations that laboratories report such isolates as resistant to all @entity6 agents and that @entity3 be given in all such infections. The different case mix in community hospitals as compared with university centres results in different patterns of @entity2 . Since the community hospital @entity0 population is much larger, more information on the patterns of infections in these centres is needed.

title: XXXX due to coagulase-negative @entity7 in a community hospital.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Flow cytometrically determined cellular DNA content has been measured on specimens from 101 @entity0 affected by @entity1 (40 epidermoid cell @entity4 , 22 @entity5 , 21 @entity3 , 11 @entity8 , and seven @entity4 ), and one by @entity7 . Ninety-eight of 102 (96%) @entity0 with @entity2 evidenced the occurrence of at least one cytometrically aneuploid cell subpopulation. Fifty-five of 102 (54%) cases evidenced the occurrence of multiclonality, that is, the presence of more than one aneuploid stem cell line. However, the incidence of @entity1 was statistically different in surgical cases (where multiple site sampling from the primary and lymph nodes was possible) in comparison to the nonsurgical ones (e.g., bronchial washing): 48/77 (62%) and six of 24 (25%), respectively. Therefore, only the 77 surgical @entity0 were used for further analysis. The cases were classified according to the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in the following way: Group A ( @entity2 with one or more stem lines with @entity6 ranging from 1 to 2) and Group B ( @entity2 with at least one stem line with @entity6 less than 1 or greater than 2). A significant correlation has been found between the cytometric ploidy condition so defined (Groups A and B) and the @entity2 mass doubling time (DT), Group B being associated with fast growing @entity2 (DT lower than 90 days). A statistically better 12-month survival rate (5-year maximum follow-up) was observed in Group A (88%) in respect to Group B (47%) and is evident in the @entity0 survival time course. A better prognostic indication can be achieved by stratifying the @entity0 according to both the cytometric ploidy condition and the @entity2 DT. Flow cytometric data can usefully contribute to the prognostic @entity1 provided that representative cellular material is collected by multiple site sampling.

title: Prognostic significance of flow XXXX . A 5-year study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The authors describe 4 @entity0 with grave @entity3 that developed after @entity1 . In two cases @entity4 occurred at the @entity1 , in one during convalescence, and in one 5 months after the recovery from @entity1 . The counter electrophoresis technique failed to reveal the Australian antigen in all the 4 cases. Ninety per cent of @entity0 out of over 200 reported cases of @entity3 that developed after @entity1 died. Of the 4 cases followed up by the authors, 3 @entity0 died. One of the female @entity0 was subjected to splenectomy 3 weeks after the occurrence of grave @entity4 with fatty bone marrow with a purpose of immunodepression. Splenectomy entailed a considerable decrease in @entity2 . Later on the @entity0 was treated with caprine antilymphocytic globulin. At present the @entity0 is in a state of remission. The problems of the pathogenesis of @entity3 following @entity1 and potentialities of the disease treatment are under discussion.

title: [ XXXX after @entity1 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The authors describe 4 @entity0 with grave @entity3 that developed after @entity1 . In two cases @entity4 occurred at the @entity1 , in one during convalescence, and in one 5 months after the recovery from @entity1 . The counter electrophoresis technique failed to reveal the Australian antigen in all the 4 cases. Ninety per cent of @entity0 out of over 200 reported cases of @entity3 that developed after @entity1 died. Of the 4 cases followed up by the authors, 3 @entity0 died. One of the female @entity0 was subjected to splenectomy 3 weeks after the occurrence of grave @entity4 with fatty bone marrow with a purpose of immunodepression. Splenectomy entailed a considerable decrease in @entity2 . Later on the @entity0 was treated with caprine antilymphocytic globulin. At present the @entity0 is in a state of remission. The problems of the pathogenesis of @entity3 following @entity1 and potentialities of the disease treatment are under discussion.

title: [ @entity3 after XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Six circus lions (Panthera leo) showed @entity0 after consuming casualty broiler @entity4 . Signs included @entity5 , hindlimb @entity3 and recumbency. Neurological examination of two affected males showed @entity3 of extraocular muscles, fixed dilated pupils and inability to swallow. Replacement fluids and antibiotics were given and @entity10 type C antitoxin was found in serum samples. Type C antitoxin was not then available and therapy was started in one lioness with @entity6 . @entity2 were controlled by @entity7 but this animal died. One of the two males was given type C antitoxin; both were given anabolic @entity1 . All the remaining animals made slow recoveries over varying periods; one lion was recumbent for 41 days. No lion developed @entity8 ; other animals which had consumed the @entity4 remained healthy. Aspects of the treatment of @entity9 in animals are discussed.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of XXXX in lions.

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the use of intrathecal chemotherapy for two @entity0 with recurrent central nervous system (CNS) @entity5 . DESIGN: Two interventional case reports. @entity0 : The clinical course of two @entity0 with documented recurrent CNS @entity5 were retrospectively reviewed. INTERVENTION: Both @entity0 had previously undergone external beam radiation therapy to the orbit and brain, as well as systemic @entity2 ( @entity3 ) and intrathecal @entity4 ( @entity4 ), for primary CNS @entity5 . Both @entity0 developed recurrent CNS @entity5 and treatment involved intrathecal @entity3 and @entity4 delivered by means of an Ommaya reservoir. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Survival and resolution of @entity5 . RESULTS: Complete remission of the CNS @entity5 was seen in both @entity0 . Both @entity0 maintain reading visual acuity in at least one eye. Both @entity0 remain disease free with @entity1 for greater than 5 years after initial diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal chemotherapy for recurrent CNS @entity5 seems to be effective in preserving vision and possibly increasing survival.

title: Intrathecal chemotherapy for recurrent central nervous system XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: CONTEXT: Concern about additional costs for direct @entity0 care impedes efforts to enroll @entity0 in clinical trials. But generalizable evidence substantiating these concerns is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To assess the additional cost of treating @entity1 @entity0 in the National @entity1 Institute (NCI)-sponsored clinical trials in the United States across a range of trial phases, treatment modalities, and @entity0 care settings. DESIGN: Retrospective cost study using a multistage, stratified, random sample of @entity0 enrolled in 1 of 35 active phase 3 trials or phase 1 or any phase 2 trials between October 1, 1998, and December 31, 1999. Unadjusted and adjusted costs were compared and related to trial phase, institution type, and vital status. SETTING AND @entity0 : A representative sample of 932 @entity1 @entity0 enrolled in nonpediatric, NCI-sponsored clinical trials and 696 nonparticipants with a similar stage of disease not enrolled in a research protocol from 83 @entity1 clinical research institutions across the United States. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Direct treatment costs as measured using a combination of medical records, telephone survey, and Medicare claims data. Administrative and other research costs were excluded. RESULTS: The incremental costs of direct care in trials were modest. Over approximately a 2.5-year period, adjusted costs were 6.5% higher for trial @entity0 than nonparticipants (35,418 dollars vs 33,248 dollars; P =.11). Cost differences for phase 3 studies were 3.5% (P =.22), lower than for phase 1 or 2 trials (12.8%; P =.20). Trial @entity0 who died had higher costs than nonparticipants who died (17.9%; 39,420 dollars vs 33,432 dollars, respectively; P =.15). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment costs for nonpediatric clinical trial @entity0 are on average 6.5% higher than what they would be if @entity0 did not enroll. This implies total incremental treatment costs for NCI-sponsored trials of 16 million dollars in 1999. Incremental costs were higher for @entity0 who died and who were in early phase studies although these findings deserve further scrutiny. Overall, the additional treatment costs of an open reimbursement policy for government-sponsored @entity1 clinical trials appear minimal.

title: Incremental treatment costs in national XXXX institute-sponsored clinical trials.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 (evening primrose) seed extract (OBSE) is known to contain @entity3 , which may possess antioxidant activities. @entity3 extracted from several plants are reported to exhibit cariostatic activities by inhibiting mutans @entity4 growth and glucosyltransferase activities. The purpose of the present study was to examine the inhibitory effects of OBSE on the development of @entity2 , both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: OBSE was investigated for its inhibitory effects on cellular aggregation, hydrophobicity, @entity1 -dependent adherence and insoluble glucan synthesis. Furthermore, biofilm formation was examined in the presence of OBSE, using confocal microscopic imaging. An animal experiment was also performed to examine the in vivo effects. RESULTS: OBSE induced a strong aggregation of @entity4 MT8148 cells, while cell surface hydrophobicity was decreased by approximately 90% at a concentration of 0.25 mg/ml. The @entity1 -dependent adherence of the MT8148 cells was also reduced by addition of OBSE, with a reduction rate of 73% seen at a concentration of 1.00 mg/ml. Additionally, confocal microscopic observations revealed the biofilm development phase to be remarkably changed in the presence of OBSE. Furthermore, insoluble glucan synthesis was significantly reduced when OBSE was present at concentrations greater than 0.03 mg/ml. In an animal experiment, the caries scores in @entity0 given OBSE (0.05 mg/ml in drinking water) were significantly lower than those in @entity0 given water without OBSE. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that OBSE has inhibitory activity on @entity2 .

title: Inhibitory effects of @entity5 (evening primrose) seed extract on @entity4 and @entity4 -induced XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 (evening primrose) seed extract (OBSE) is known to contain @entity3 , which may possess antioxidant activities. @entity3 extracted from several plants are reported to exhibit cariostatic activities by inhibiting mutans @entity4 growth and glucosyltransferase activities. The purpose of the present study was to examine the inhibitory effects of OBSE on the development of @entity2 , both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: OBSE was investigated for its inhibitory effects on cellular aggregation, hydrophobicity, @entity1 -dependent adherence and insoluble glucan synthesis. Furthermore, biofilm formation was examined in the presence of OBSE, using confocal microscopic imaging. An animal experiment was also performed to examine the in vivo effects. RESULTS: OBSE induced a strong aggregation of @entity4 MT8148 cells, while cell surface hydrophobicity was decreased by approximately 90% at a concentration of 0.25 mg/ml. The @entity1 -dependent adherence of the MT8148 cells was also reduced by addition of OBSE, with a reduction rate of 73% seen at a concentration of 1.00 mg/ml. Additionally, confocal microscopic observations revealed the biofilm development phase to be remarkably changed in the presence of OBSE. Furthermore, insoluble glucan synthesis was significantly reduced when OBSE was present at concentrations greater than 0.03 mg/ml. In an animal experiment, the caries scores in @entity0 given OBSE (0.05 mg/ml in drinking water) were significantly lower than those in @entity0 given water without OBSE. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that OBSE has inhibitory activity on @entity2 .

title: Inhibitory effects of @entity5 (evening primrose) seed extract on XXXX and @entity4 -induced @entity2 in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 (evening primrose) seed extract (OBSE) is known to contain @entity3 , which may possess antioxidant activities. @entity3 extracted from several plants are reported to exhibit cariostatic activities by inhibiting mutans @entity4 growth and glucosyltransferase activities. The purpose of the present study was to examine the inhibitory effects of OBSE on the development of @entity2 , both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: OBSE was investigated for its inhibitory effects on cellular aggregation, hydrophobicity, @entity1 -dependent adherence and insoluble glucan synthesis. Furthermore, biofilm formation was examined in the presence of OBSE, using confocal microscopic imaging. An animal experiment was also performed to examine the in vivo effects. RESULTS: OBSE induced a strong aggregation of @entity4 MT8148 cells, while cell surface hydrophobicity was decreased by approximately 90% at a concentration of 0.25 mg/ml. The @entity1 -dependent adherence of the MT8148 cells was also reduced by addition of OBSE, with a reduction rate of 73% seen at a concentration of 1.00 mg/ml. Additionally, confocal microscopic observations revealed the biofilm development phase to be remarkably changed in the presence of OBSE. Furthermore, insoluble glucan synthesis was significantly reduced when OBSE was present at concentrations greater than 0.03 mg/ml. In an animal experiment, the caries scores in @entity0 given OBSE (0.05 mg/ml in drinking water) were significantly lower than those in @entity0 given water without OBSE. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that OBSE has inhibitory activity on @entity2 .

title: Inhibitory effects of @entity5 (evening primrose) seed extract on @entity4 and XXXX -induced @entity2 in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 (evening primrose) seed extract (OBSE) is known to contain @entity3 , which may possess antioxidant activities. @entity3 extracted from several plants are reported to exhibit cariostatic activities by inhibiting mutans @entity4 growth and glucosyltransferase activities. The purpose of the present study was to examine the inhibitory effects of OBSE on the development of @entity2 , both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: OBSE was investigated for its inhibitory effects on cellular aggregation, hydrophobicity, @entity1 -dependent adherence and insoluble glucan synthesis. Furthermore, biofilm formation was examined in the presence of OBSE, using confocal microscopic imaging. An animal experiment was also performed to examine the in vivo effects. RESULTS: OBSE induced a strong aggregation of @entity4 MT8148 cells, while cell surface hydrophobicity was decreased by approximately 90% at a concentration of 0.25 mg/ml. The @entity1 -dependent adherence of the MT8148 cells was also reduced by addition of OBSE, with a reduction rate of 73% seen at a concentration of 1.00 mg/ml. Additionally, confocal microscopic observations revealed the biofilm development phase to be remarkably changed in the presence of OBSE. Furthermore, insoluble glucan synthesis was significantly reduced when OBSE was present at concentrations greater than 0.03 mg/ml. In an animal experiment, the caries scores in @entity0 given OBSE (0.05 mg/ml in drinking water) were significantly lower than those in @entity0 given water without OBSE. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that OBSE has inhibitory activity on @entity2 .

title: Inhibitory effects of XXXX (evening primrose) seed extract on @entity4 and @entity4 -induced @entity2 in @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 (evening primrose) seed extract (OBSE) is known to contain @entity3 , which may possess antioxidant activities. @entity3 extracted from several plants are reported to exhibit cariostatic activities by inhibiting mutans @entity4 growth and glucosyltransferase activities. The purpose of the present study was to examine the inhibitory effects of OBSE on the development of @entity2 , both in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: OBSE was investigated for its inhibitory effects on cellular aggregation, hydrophobicity, @entity1 -dependent adherence and insoluble glucan synthesis. Furthermore, biofilm formation was examined in the presence of OBSE, using confocal microscopic imaging. An animal experiment was also performed to examine the in vivo effects. RESULTS: OBSE induced a strong aggregation of @entity4 MT8148 cells, while cell surface hydrophobicity was decreased by approximately 90% at a concentration of 0.25 mg/ml. The @entity1 -dependent adherence of the MT8148 cells was also reduced by addition of OBSE, with a reduction rate of 73% seen at a concentration of 1.00 mg/ml. Additionally, confocal microscopic observations revealed the biofilm development phase to be remarkably changed in the presence of OBSE. Furthermore, insoluble glucan synthesis was significantly reduced when OBSE was present at concentrations greater than 0.03 mg/ml. In an animal experiment, the caries scores in @entity0 given OBSE (0.05 mg/ml in drinking water) were significantly lower than those in @entity0 given water without OBSE. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that OBSE has inhibitory activity on @entity2 .

title: Inhibitory effects of @entity5 (evening primrose) seed extract on @entity4 and @entity4 -induced @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The nature of adrenoceptors in basilar arteries of neonatal @entity0 was investigated by means of electrophysiological techniques. In immature (2-6 day postnatal) @entity0 , micro-injection of @entity1 elicited a depolarization which consisted of two components. The initial 'fast' component (time to peak of 0.3-4s) was slightly reduced by @entity4 and was not antagonized by @entity2 . The second 'slow' component (time to peak of about 50s) was not blocked by @entity4 but was antagonized by low concentrations (10(-7) M) of @entity2 . In immature @entity0 , micro-injection of @entity3 was more potent than @entity1 in evoking the 'slow' depolarization but less effective in eliciting the 'fast' response. The pharmacology with respect to adrenoceptor antagonists of both components of the @entity3 - and @entity1 -induced depolarizations was similar. There was some evidence of inhibitory beta-adrenoceptors in immature @entity0 basilar vessels. In adult @entity0 (6 week old) @entity1 produced a large 'fast' depolarization which was followed by a 'slow' tail response. Both components were not antagonized by @entity4 or @entity2 . It appears that in the basilar artery of neonatal @entity0 there are excitatory alpha- and inhibitory beta-adrenoceptors but the major responses to @entity1 and @entity3 are mediated by gamma- and excitatory beta-receptors. In adult animals the gamma-adrenoceptor predominates. Experiments were carried out in which agonists were applied by ionophoresis. These results confirm the presence of excitatory beta-receptors in neonatal basilar vessels and show the response has slow kinetics and it is likely that the beta-receptors are distributed uniformly over the smooth muscle surface. In adult animals it was not possible to elicit an excitatory beta-receptor-mediated response. The ionophoretic application of @entity1 never evoked a perceptible depolarization which could be attributed to gamma-adrenoceptor stimulation. This result is discussed in terms of receptor distribution with respect to synaptic function in a syncytium.

title: Electrophysiological analysis of the nature of adrenoceptors in the XXXX basilar artery during development.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE: @entity7 usually arise from the vertebral body. @entity6 are rare lesions, and most reported cases are cavernous. We report a case of a @entity8 in the thoracic epidural space. CLINICAL PRESENTATION: The 57-year-old male @entity0 initially presented with low thoracic spine @entity4 . A magnetic resonance image of the thoracolumbar spine demonstrated an avidly enhancing epidural @entity3 in the lower thoracic spine with extension into the adjacent foramina at 2 levels on the right side. The @entity0 developed progressive @entity5 over the course of 2.5 years despite minimal radiological changes. Surgical treatment resulted in good recovery. Histopathologically, the lesion corresponded to a @entity1 composed of vessels of various calibers with fibrous septa between them. CONCLUSION: Early treatment of this type of lesion should be advocated to prevent deterioration and permanent @entity2 . Appropriate treatment appears to be gross total resection.

title: A case of a spinal epidural XXXX : case report.

answer: @entity8


abstract: A bioassay of @entity3 for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical in feed to F344 @entity2 and B6C3F1 @entity1 . Groups of 50 @entity2 of each sex and 50 @entity1 of each sex were administered @entity3 at one of two doses, either 2,500 or 5,000 ppm, for 103 weeks, then observed for 2 additional weeks. Matched controls consisted of 50 untreated @entity2 of each sex and 50 untreated @entity1 of each sex. All surviving @entity2 were killed at 105 or 106 weeks and all surviving @entity1 at 104 or 105 weeks. Administration of @entity3 had no appreciable effect on the mean body weights of the @entity2 and @entity1 of either sex. No clinical signs related to administration of the test chemical were noted in the @entity2 . Survivals of the @entity2 and @entity1 at the end of the bioassay were not affected by the test chemical. Both species may have been able to tolerate higher doses. In @entity2 and @entity1 of each sex, no @entity0 occurred at incidences that clearly were related to administration of the test chemical. Although it is recognized that both @entity2 and @entity1 may not have received a dose of the test chemical sufficiently high to provide maximum test sensitivity, it is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, @entity3 was not carcinogenic for F344 @entity2 or B6C3F1 @entity1 .

title: Bioassay of XXXX for possible carcinogenicity.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A bioassay of @entity6 for possible carcinogenicity was conducted using Fischer 344 @entity2 and B6C3F1 @entity1 . @entity6 was administered in the feed, at either of two concentrations, to groups of 50 male and 50 female animals of each species. The time-weighted average high and low dietary concentrations of @entity6 were, respectively, 0.01 and 0.005 percent for @entity2 , and 0.23 and 0.12 percent for @entity1 . After a 78-week period of compound administration, observation of the @entity2 continued for an additional 30 to 31 weeks and observation of the @entity1 continued for up to an additional 20 weeks. For each species, 50 animals of each sex were placed on test as controls and fed only the basal diet. There were no significant positive associations between the concentration of @entity6 administered and mortality in @entity2 or @entity1 of either sex, and adequate numbers of animals in all groups survived sufficiently long to be at risk from late-developing @entity0 . No @entity0 were observed in @entity2 of either sex and no convincing statistical evidence was provided for a significant positive association between compound administration and the incidence of any @entity0 in @entity2 . Among @entity1 there was a statistically significant positive association between administration of the chemical and the incidences of @entity3 in both males and females. The combined incidence of @entity4 and @entity5 in male @entity1 and the incidence of @entity5 in female @entity1 were not statistically significant in relation to their respective control groups. However, they were considered to be associated with compound administration since they rarely occur in untreated B6C3F1 @entity1 . Under the conditions of this bioassay @entity6 was carcinogenic in B6C3F1 @entity1 , causing @entity3 in both sexes, an increase in the combined incidence of @entity4 and @entity5 in male @entity1 , and an increased incidence of @entity5 in female @entity1 . The compound was not carcinogenic in Fischer 344 @entity2 .

title: Bioassay of XXXX for possible carcinogenicity (CAS No. 99-55-8).

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) is defined as an abrupt deterioration of liver function in @entity0 with established @entity6 . Kidney function is almost universally altered in @entity0 with @entity10 due to underlying circulatory abnormalities. We review current advances during the past year in the diagnosis and management of @entity4 in @entity10 . RECENT FINDINGS: The adequate measurement of renal function by means of clearance methods remains the gold standard for estimation of the glomerular filtration rate in @entity0 with @entity2 . The new definition of @entity9 needs to be specifically studied in @entity0 with @entity2 . Alternative kidney biomarkers of renal function in @entity2 are promising and need further investigation. The most common cause of @entity4 in @entity2 is that associated with @entity5 followed by @entity15 -induced @entity4 , intrinsic @entity1 , @entity14 , and drug-induced @entity4 . @entity12 commonly occurs in @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity11 . The proper diagnosis relies on corticotropin stimulation testing and the role of @entity8 therapy in these @entity0 merits further investigation. @entity13 in @entity2 is a major risk factor for the development of @entity3 and is associated with a poor outcome in @entity0 with @entity10 and also after deceased donor and living-related liver transplantation. Vasoconstrictor drugs, particularly terlipressin, are effective for the management of @entity14 . Predictive factors of response to terlipressin include serum @entity7 levels and the presence of an early increase in mean arterial pressure. SUMMARY: The ongoing advances in the diagnosis and management of @entity0 with @entity10 and @entity4 will improve the diagnosis, therapy and outcome of these @entity0 .

title: XXXX : the kidneys.

answer: @entity10