abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the activation of clotting systems in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) by measuring the plasma D-dimer level and to determine the effect of low-dose @entity3 on D-dimer level during @entity2 . METHODS: Plasma D-dimer level was measured in 65 blood samples of 37 adult @entity0 with @entity6 who were hospitalized for vaso-occlusive @entity1 . D-dimer level of @entity0 who were on low-dose @entity3 was compared with those @entity0 who were not on any anticoagulation treatment. Analysis of variance (anova) was carried out to determine factors significantly associated with low D-dimer level in @entity0 with @entity6 . The following factors were included in the anova model; @entity3 , homozygous hemoglobin S, history of blood transfusion in past 3 months, @entity4 , hemoglobin S%, hemoglobin F%, white blood cell counts, hemoglobin level, platelet count, and plasma @entity5 level. RESULTS: Overall median D-dimer level in 65 samples was 2.7 microg @entity5 equivalent units (FEU)/mL (0.34-4). @entity0 who were on low-dose @entity3 had a median D-dimer level of 0.81 microg FEU/mL (0.34-1.8) compared with 3.1 microg FEU/mL (0.94-4) in those @entity0 who were not on anticoagulation treatment. Using anova to model D-dimer levels, only @entity3 was significantly correlated with low D-dimer levels after controlling for other variables. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity6 during vaso-occulsive @entity1 have an elevated D-dimer level. Low-dose anticoagulation treatment is associated with a significant reduction in the D-dimer levels.

title: Effect of low-dose @entity3 on D-dimer levels during sickle cell XXXX : a brief report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This paper offers a quantitative evaluation of the scientific information produced in Brazil on several @entity0 : @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity6 . The source of data was the Index Medicus Latino Americano (IMLA), and the published scientific information was analyzed in general and specifically, by type of disease and year of publication. The indexed production of articles on the material of the Latin American countries as a whole increased from 3,506 articles in 1978 to 5,528 in 1982 (for an increase of 52.7%), whereas that of Brazil alone rose from 1,781 to 2,531 (an increase of 42.1%) during the same period. The output of articles on @entity0 totaled 703 papers (6.3% of the total indexed production). Of this total, 441 (62.7%) was on applied research and 262 (37.3%) were on basic research, and these proportions held relatively constant. @entity4 and @entity5 accounted for 75.2% of that total over the period considered. The production of papers on the diseases of interest grew 79.2%, at the same rate as that of all biomedical information published in Brazil over the period. An equilibrium was reached between the numbers of basic and applied papers. The analysis also identified the core of Brazilian periodicals that most frequently publish information on those endemics. It was also found that a large proportion of articles by Brazilian authors are published in journals of international circulation, and the foreign journals that publish papers by researchers in Brazil were identified.

title: [Analysis of scientific information published in Brazil in 5 years on @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity1 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: This paper offers a quantitative evaluation of the scientific information produced in Brazil on several @entity0 : @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity6 . The source of data was the Index Medicus Latino Americano (IMLA), and the published scientific information was analyzed in general and specifically, by type of disease and year of publication. The indexed production of articles on the material of the Latin American countries as a whole increased from 3,506 articles in 1978 to 5,528 in 1982 (for an increase of 52.7%), whereas that of Brazil alone rose from 1,781 to 2,531 (an increase of 42.1%) during the same period. The output of articles on @entity0 totaled 703 papers (6.3% of the total indexed production). Of this total, 441 (62.7%) was on applied research and 262 (37.3%) were on basic research, and these proportions held relatively constant. @entity4 and @entity5 accounted for 75.2% of that total over the period considered. The production of papers on the diseases of interest grew 79.2%, at the same rate as that of all biomedical information published in Brazil over the period. An equilibrium was reached between the numbers of basic and applied papers. The analysis also identified the core of Brazilian periodicals that most frequently publish information on those endemics. It was also found that a large proportion of articles by Brazilian authors are published in journals of international circulation, and the foreign journals that publish papers by researchers in Brazil were identified.

title: [Analysis of scientific information published in Brazil in 5 years on @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity2 , XXXX and @entity6 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: This paper offers a quantitative evaluation of the scientific information produced in Brazil on several @entity0 : @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity6 . The source of data was the Index Medicus Latino Americano (IMLA), and the published scientific information was analyzed in general and specifically, by type of disease and year of publication. The indexed production of articles on the material of the Latin American countries as a whole increased from 3,506 articles in 1978 to 5,528 in 1982 (for an increase of 52.7%), whereas that of Brazil alone rose from 1,781 to 2,531 (an increase of 42.1%) during the same period. The output of articles on @entity0 totaled 703 papers (6.3% of the total indexed production). Of this total, 441 (62.7%) was on applied research and 262 (37.3%) were on basic research, and these proportions held relatively constant. @entity4 and @entity5 accounted for 75.2% of that total over the period considered. The production of papers on the diseases of interest grew 79.2%, at the same rate as that of all biomedical information published in Brazil over the period. An equilibrium was reached between the numbers of basic and applied papers. The analysis also identified the core of Brazilian periodicals that most frequently publish information on those endemics. It was also found that a large proportion of articles by Brazilian authors are published in journals of international circulation, and the foreign journals that publish papers by researchers in Brazil were identified.

title: [Analysis of scientific information published in Brazil in 5 years on XXXX , @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity1 and @entity6 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: This paper offers a quantitative evaluation of the scientific information produced in Brazil on several @entity0 : @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity6 . The source of data was the Index Medicus Latino Americano (IMLA), and the published scientific information was analyzed in general and specifically, by type of disease and year of publication. The indexed production of articles on the material of the Latin American countries as a whole increased from 3,506 articles in 1978 to 5,528 in 1982 (for an increase of 52.7%), whereas that of Brazil alone rose from 1,781 to 2,531 (an increase of 42.1%) during the same period. The output of articles on @entity0 totaled 703 papers (6.3% of the total indexed production). Of this total, 441 (62.7%) was on applied research and 262 (37.3%) were on basic research, and these proportions held relatively constant. @entity4 and @entity5 accounted for 75.2% of that total over the period considered. The production of papers on the diseases of interest grew 79.2%, at the same rate as that of all biomedical information published in Brazil over the period. An equilibrium was reached between the numbers of basic and applied papers. The analysis also identified the core of Brazilian periodicals that most frequently publish information on those endemics. It was also found that a large proportion of articles by Brazilian authors are published in journals of international circulation, and the foreign journals that publish papers by researchers in Brazil were identified.

title: [Analysis of scientific information published in Brazil in 5 years on @entity4 , @entity5 , XXXX , @entity1 and @entity6 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: This paper offers a quantitative evaluation of the scientific information produced in Brazil on several @entity0 : @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity6 . The source of data was the Index Medicus Latino Americano (IMLA), and the published scientific information was analyzed in general and specifically, by type of disease and year of publication. The indexed production of articles on the material of the Latin American countries as a whole increased from 3,506 articles in 1978 to 5,528 in 1982 (for an increase of 52.7%), whereas that of Brazil alone rose from 1,781 to 2,531 (an increase of 42.1%) during the same period. The output of articles on @entity0 totaled 703 papers (6.3% of the total indexed production). Of this total, 441 (62.7%) was on applied research and 262 (37.3%) were on basic research, and these proportions held relatively constant. @entity4 and @entity5 accounted for 75.2% of that total over the period considered. The production of papers on the diseases of interest grew 79.2%, at the same rate as that of all biomedical information published in Brazil over the period. An equilibrium was reached between the numbers of basic and applied papers. The analysis also identified the core of Brazilian periodicals that most frequently publish information on those endemics. It was also found that a large proportion of articles by Brazilian authors are published in journals of international circulation, and the foreign journals that publish papers by researchers in Brazil were identified.

title: [Analysis of scientific information published in Brazil in 5 years on @entity4 , XXXX , @entity2 , @entity1 and @entity6 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: A double-blind, crossover trial was carried out in 40 in- @entity0 with gastro-intestinal spasmodic syndromes to compare the effectiveness and tolerance of @entity3 and @entity2 . @entity0 were allocated at random to receive either 100 mg @entity3 or 150 mg @entity2 3-times daily for 20 days and were then crossed over, without a wash-out period, to the alternative medication for a further 20 days. After the first dose, @entity1 severity was monitored over 4 hours and changes in intensity compared between groups. During the two 20-day periods, the proportion of @entity0 in complete or almost complete remission was monitored at 10-day intervals, and the pooled data similarly compared. At the end of the 40-day trial period, @entity0 stated their preference for one or other treatment, and the relevant data were processed by sequential analysis. Subjective signs of adverse effects were monitored by questioning every 10 days, and haematology and haematochemistry before and after each phase of the study. The results showed that @entity3 produced significantly greater @entity1 relief after a single dose in comparison with @entity2 over the 4 hours of observation. Similarly, it gave significantly more favourable clinical results after both the 10th and 20th day of treatment. Finally, according to the @entity0 ' preference, @entity3 was significantly preferred (p less than 0.05) in comparison with @entity2 . Neither treatment was associated with the onset of signs of possible adverse reactions, either subjective or objective.

title: XXXX : smooth muscle synchronizer for the management of gastro-intestinal conditions. II. A @entity2 -controlled, double-blind, crossover clinical evaluation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A double-blind, crossover trial was carried out in 40 in- @entity0 with gastro-intestinal spasmodic syndromes to compare the effectiveness and tolerance of @entity3 and @entity2 . @entity0 were allocated at random to receive either 100 mg @entity3 or 150 mg @entity2 3-times daily for 20 days and were then crossed over, without a wash-out period, to the alternative medication for a further 20 days. After the first dose, @entity1 severity was monitored over 4 hours and changes in intensity compared between groups. During the two 20-day periods, the proportion of @entity0 in complete or almost complete remission was monitored at 10-day intervals, and the pooled data similarly compared. At the end of the 40-day trial period, @entity0 stated their preference for one or other treatment, and the relevant data were processed by sequential analysis. Subjective signs of adverse effects were monitored by questioning every 10 days, and haematology and haematochemistry before and after each phase of the study. The results showed that @entity3 produced significantly greater @entity1 relief after a single dose in comparison with @entity2 over the 4 hours of observation. Similarly, it gave significantly more favourable clinical results after both the 10th and 20th day of treatment. Finally, according to the @entity0 ' preference, @entity3 was significantly preferred (p less than 0.05) in comparison with @entity2 . Neither treatment was associated with the onset of signs of possible adverse reactions, either subjective or objective.

title: @entity3 : smooth muscle synchronizer for the management of gastro-intestinal conditions. II. A XXXX -controlled, double-blind, crossover clinical evaluation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study birthweight in consecutively born sibling singletons conceived with and without @entity1 ( @entity1 ) to disentangle the effects of maternal characteristics from those of the @entity1 treatment itself. DESIGN: Population-based study. SETTING: Not applicable. @entity0 (S): Firstborn and secondborn @entity0 from a 9-year birth cohort (1999-2007) comprising of 272,551 @entity0 who conceived two siblings. INTERVENTION(S): No intervention; @entity0 were conceived naturally or through @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Birthweight. RESULT(S): The study included 545,102 @entity0 born by natural conception (NC) or @entity1 with the data set obtained from the population-based Netherlands Perinatal Registry (PRN) containing information on pregnancies, deliveries, and neonatal outcomes. We used two approaches: [1] the intersibling approach and [2] the sibling-ship approach. In the first approach we included @entity0 born to four groups of mothers who conceived in the following order (numbers indicate birth order): NC1- @entity2 (reference, n = 254,721), @entity2 (n = 1342), NC1-IVF2 (n = 471), and IVF1-IVF2 (n = 687). Several comparisons were made to interpret the effects of @entity1 and maternal characteristics separately. In the second approach, perinatal outcomes of @entity1 @entity0 (n = 1,813) were compared with those of their NC siblings (n = 1,813). The intersibling analyses suggested an association between maternal characteristics and a lower birthweight, with estimates of the maternal effect ranging from -7  g (95% CI, -40; 26) to -101  g (95% CI, -170; -32). Neither the intersibling analyses nor the sibling-ship analyses indicated an additional adverse effect of @entity1 treatment itself. CONCLUSION(S): Maternal characteristics of subfertile @entity0 are associated with a lower birthweight. In  vitro fertilization treatment itself does not additionally contribute to a lower birthweight in the offspring.

title: Effects of XXXX and maternal characteristics on perinatal outcomes: a population-based study using siblings.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of @entity4 on @entity2 via a secondary data analysis of a randomized clinical trial of @entity4 for @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 . The primary aim is to elucidate factors that contributed to the effectiveness of @entity4 in the parent trial. METHODS: Five hundred forty-one @entity1 @entity0 receiving chemotherapy and experiencing @entity3 (Brief Fatigue Inventory [BFI] item 3 of >= 3) were randomized to receive 200 mg @entity4 (n = 260) or placebo (n = 281) daily from baseline (cycle 2) to posttest (cycle 4). @entity0 completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies- @entity2 Scale (CES-D) and Profile of Mood States @entity2 -dejection subscale at baseline and posttest. We used linear regression to address the hypothesis that @entity4 would be associated with reduced @entity2 , particularly in those experiencing severe @entity3 (BFI >= 7). RESULTS: @entity4 did not have a significant effect on @entity2 , even for those @entity0 with severe @entity3 . However, for subjects with severe @entity3 (BFI >= 7), those receiving @entity4 had lower @entity2 scores than did control subjects. @entity4 significantly moderated the relationship between baseline @entity3 and CES-D total scores (P = 0.04) and was marginally significant as a moderator for the relationship between baseline @entity3 and Profile of Mood States @entity2 -dejection subscale scores (P = 0.07). @entity4 also significantly moderated the relationship between baseline @entity3 and CES-D positive affect subscale scores (P = 0.003), but not CES-D somatic, negative affect, or interpersonal subscale scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 differentially impacts @entity2 based on a @entity0 's level of @entity3 and reduced @entity2 symptoms only in those with extreme @entity3 . This effect may be driven by increases in positive affective symptoms. These results have significant implications for intervention; in @entity0 with high levels of @entity3 , @entity4 might also reduce @entity2 . Future randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these results.

title: XXXX Moderates the Relationship Between @entity1 in 541 @entity0 Receiving Chemotherapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of @entity4 on @entity2 via a secondary data analysis of a randomized clinical trial of @entity4 for @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 . The primary aim is to elucidate factors that contributed to the effectiveness of @entity4 in the parent trial. METHODS: Five hundred forty-one @entity1 @entity0 receiving chemotherapy and experiencing @entity3 (Brief Fatigue Inventory [BFI] item 3 of >= 3) were randomized to receive 200 mg @entity4 (n = 260) or placebo (n = 281) daily from baseline (cycle 2) to posttest (cycle 4). @entity0 completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies- @entity2 Scale (CES-D) and Profile of Mood States @entity2 -dejection subscale at baseline and posttest. We used linear regression to address the hypothesis that @entity4 would be associated with reduced @entity2 , particularly in those experiencing severe @entity3 (BFI >= 7). RESULTS: @entity4 did not have a significant effect on @entity2 , even for those @entity0 with severe @entity3 . However, for subjects with severe @entity3 (BFI >= 7), those receiving @entity4 had lower @entity2 scores than did control subjects. @entity4 significantly moderated the relationship between baseline @entity3 and CES-D total scores (P = 0.04) and was marginally significant as a moderator for the relationship between baseline @entity3 and Profile of Mood States @entity2 -dejection subscale scores (P = 0.07). @entity4 also significantly moderated the relationship between baseline @entity3 and CES-D positive affect subscale scores (P = 0.003), but not CES-D somatic, negative affect, or interpersonal subscale scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 differentially impacts @entity2 based on a @entity0 's level of @entity3 and reduced @entity2 symptoms only in those with extreme @entity3 . This effect may be driven by increases in positive affective symptoms. These results have significant implications for intervention; in @entity0 with high levels of @entity3 , @entity4 might also reduce @entity2 . Future randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these results.

title: @entity4 Moderates the Relationship Between XXXX in 541 @entity0 Receiving Chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of @entity4 on @entity2 via a secondary data analysis of a randomized clinical trial of @entity4 for @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 . The primary aim is to elucidate factors that contributed to the effectiveness of @entity4 in the parent trial. METHODS: Five hundred forty-one @entity1 @entity0 receiving chemotherapy and experiencing @entity3 (Brief Fatigue Inventory [BFI] item 3 of >= 3) were randomized to receive 200 mg @entity4 (n = 260) or placebo (n = 281) daily from baseline (cycle 2) to posttest (cycle 4). @entity0 completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies- @entity2 Scale (CES-D) and Profile of Mood States @entity2 -dejection subscale at baseline and posttest. We used linear regression to address the hypothesis that @entity4 would be associated with reduced @entity2 , particularly in those experiencing severe @entity3 (BFI >= 7). RESULTS: @entity4 did not have a significant effect on @entity2 , even for those @entity0 with severe @entity3 . However, for subjects with severe @entity3 (BFI >= 7), those receiving @entity4 had lower @entity2 scores than did control subjects. @entity4 significantly moderated the relationship between baseline @entity3 and CES-D total scores (P = 0.04) and was marginally significant as a moderator for the relationship between baseline @entity3 and Profile of Mood States @entity2 -dejection subscale scores (P = 0.07). @entity4 also significantly moderated the relationship between baseline @entity3 and CES-D positive affect subscale scores (P = 0.003), but not CES-D somatic, negative affect, or interpersonal subscale scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 differentially impacts @entity2 based on a @entity0 's level of @entity3 and reduced @entity2 symptoms only in those with extreme @entity3 . This effect may be driven by increases in positive affective symptoms. These results have significant implications for intervention; in @entity0 with high levels of @entity3 , @entity4 might also reduce @entity2 . Future randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm these results.

title: @entity4 Moderates the Relationship Between @entity1 in 541 XXXX Receiving Chemotherapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This paper reviews the literature reports concerning @entity12 . @entity12 can cause progressive @entity3 with significant @entity2 , often @entity2 , and decreased liver function by adulthood. Asymptomatic @entity0 commonly have @entity5 and elevated liver enzyme levels. The presence of @entity12 obscures features otherwise useful in differential diagnosis. Acute episodes of the disease selectively affect the liver in 10% of @entity0 , causing hepatic crisis with @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity9 , and transaminase elevation. @entity3 is often clinically indistinguishable from hepatic crisis, but in @entity3 the @entity7 is usually less, the @entity9 tends to be more severe, and the transaminase elevation more prolonged. The two can be distinguished by serology and liver biopsy. Furthermore, acute @entity10 or @entity11 may have clinical and laboratory features similar to sickle cell hepatic crisis or @entity3 . By adulthood, 50%-70% of sickle cell @entity0 have @entity13 . Elective cholecystectomy is indicated for those who are symptomatic, but, because of operative mortality, there is disagreement concerning surgery for asymptomatic @entity0 . The literature contains nine well-documented cases of @entity8 related to @entity12 . The mechanism is unclear; however, as the @entity1 is often not severe, a metabolic problem is suggested.

title: Hepatobiliary system in XXXX .

answer: @entity12


abstract: UNASSIGNED: G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) agonists are known to induce both cellular adaptations resulting in tolerance to therapeutic effects and withdrawal symptoms upon treatment discontinuation. @entity3 neurotransmission is an integral part of sleep-wake mechanisms, which processes have translational relevance for central activity and target engagement. Here, we investigated the efficacy and tolerance potential of the metabotropic @entity3 receptors ( @entity4 /3) agonist @entity5 versus @entity4 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) @entity6 on sleep-wake organisation in @entity1 . In vitro, the selectivity and potency of @entity6 were characterized. In vivo, effects on sleep measures were investigated in @entity1 after once daily oral repeated treatment for 7 days, withdrawal and consecutive re-administration of @entity5 (1-10 mg/kg) and @entity6 (3-30 mg/kg). @entity6 showed high affinity, potency and selectivity at @entity4 . Binding site analyses and knowledge-based docking confirmed the specificity of @entity6 at the @entity4 allosteric binding site. Acute @entity5 and @entity6 dose-dependently decreased rapid eye movement (REM) sleep time and prolonged its onset latency. Sub chronic effects of @entity5 on REM sleep measures disappeared from day 3 onwards, whereas those of @entity6 were maintained after repeated exposure. @entity5 attenuated REM sleep homeostatic recovery, while this was preserved after @entity6 administration. @entity6 enhanced sleep continuity and efficiency, suggesting its potential as an add-on medication for @entity0 during early stages of treatment. Abrupt cessation of @entity6 did not induce @entity0 , while the initial drug effect was fully reinstated after re-administration. Collectively, long-term treatment with @entity6 did not induce tolerance phenomena to its primary functional effects on sleep measures, nor adverse effects at withdrawal, while it promoted homeostatic recovery sleep. From the translational perspective, the present rodent findings suggest that @entity4 positive allosteric modulation has therapeutic potential based on its superior long term efficacy over agonists in @entity2 , particularly of those commonly occurring with REM sleep overdrive.

title: mGlu2 Receptor Agonism, but Not Positive Allosteric Modulation, Elicits Rapid Tolerance towards Their Primary Efficacy on Sleep Measures in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The results obtained with the various types of treatment in @entity4 are reviewed and the data from the recent EORTC trials are summarized. In @entity0 with Stage I follicular histology, regional radiotherapy (RT) alone gives excellent results. The long-term @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is high and relapsing @entity0 can be rescued by aggressive combination chemotherapy; initial chemotherapy with CVP improves @entity5 but not @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In @entity0 with Stage I diffuse histology, the long-term survival is less satisfactory. CVP chemotherapy does not improve either @entity5 or @entity3 ; therefore if adjuvant chemotherapy is justified, it should be more aggressive than CVP. In @entity0 with Stage II follicular type, regional radiotherapy alone gives good results. The addition of abdominal bath irradiation to regional RT increases @entity5 but not @entity3 . After relapse, @entity0 can be rescued by combination chemotherapy. In @entity0 with Stage II diffuse histology, extended RT followed by CVP gives poor results and RT should be combined with more aggressive combination CT; the preliminary results of an integrated alternating regimen being excellent. In @entity0 with Stage III and IV follicular type, the 8 year @entity3 of @entity0 treated with combination CT regimen (CHVP) followed by localized irradiation is approximately 55%, however the indications for the various types of treatment are still unclear. In @entity0 with diffuse Stage III and IV, the results obtained with a combination CT regimen (CHVP) are still unsatisfactory, but are better in @entity0 treated by a more aggressive CT regimen (CHVP-Bleo-VCR). Therefore aggressive CT associated with localized irradiation appears to be the best treatment. Further research should aim to identify the optimal combination CT regimen. In @entity0 with high grade @entity2 who have relapsed the use of bone marrow autografts will be investigated. The present data show that besides histological type and age, the main prognostic factor is total @entity1 body burden as assessed by clinical stage, number of involved lymph node areas, and bulk of the disease. The study of the biological characteristics of the disease may provide more powerful prognostic indicators.

title: Prognostic factors in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy (OMIS) was used as a novel method to detemine tissue molecular conformation changes during hyperbaric @entity1 (HBO) therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of OMIS for the assessment of HBO therapy effectiveness on the diseased tissue. METHODS: OMIS is concerned with obtaining paramagnetic/diamagnetic properties of materials, related to the presence of unpaired/paired electrons based on their interaction with visible light. The basic tool is light of wavelength in the range between 400 nm and 700 nm and its interaction with tissue. The study included 22 subjects: 16 @entity2 @entity0 and 6 healthy subjects as the control group. OMIS was used with @entity0 on the 1st, 10th and 20th session and with the control group on the 1st, 10th and 20th day without HBO therapy in between. RESULTS: The obtained results showed that healthy skin of all the control group subjects had the same shape curve. In the @entity2 @entity0 group, before the first session OMIS showed tissue disorder and after the last session results resembled more closely the results in healthy tissue. The differences in the tissue state in the @entity2 group before each session were noticeable, showing normalized tissue under the influence of HBO. CONCLUSION: The results show that OMIS could be used as a diagnostic tool for detection of the tissue state before and after the HBO therapy.

title: Opto-magnetic imaging spectroscopy in characterization of the tissues during hyperbaric XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 , defined as an IQ less than 70, occurs in 2-3% of the population and is both a medical and social problem of outstanding importance. Establishing its aetiology is not always easy, but it is a necessary condition in providing genetic counseling for families. Until now, the aetiology of @entity2 remains unknown in about half of the cases. @entity3 are found in about 30-40% of moderately and profoundly intellectually impaired. Submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations involving the telomeric regions of chromosomes discovered in the recent years, are responsible for 4-9% cases of @entity2 . Identification of very small structural rearrangements in the telomeric regions of the chromosomes requires another strategy than those applied in routine classic methods of chromosomal analysis (fluorescence in situ hybridisation in situ FISH). We present several cases of @entity2 with @entity0 and @entity0 which occurred in one family. Submicroscopic aberration in the telomeric regions of chromosomes 7 and 10 was revealed as a cause of @entity2 in this family. That aberration was a result of familial reciprocal translocation which had been not previously identified by routine cytogenetic methods. Detailed retrospective clinical characteristics of the proband and his affected relatives is presented. Variable clinical expression in presented cases in relation to difficulties in diagnosis and genetic counseling is discussed.

title: [Case of subtelomeric aberration as a cause of familial @entity1 with XXXX and @entity0 --problems of diagnosis and genetic counseling].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 , defined as an IQ less than 70, occurs in 2-3% of the population and is both a medical and social problem of outstanding importance. Establishing its aetiology is not always easy, but it is a necessary condition in providing genetic counseling for families. Until now, the aetiology of @entity2 remains unknown in about half of the cases. @entity3 are found in about 30-40% of moderately and profoundly intellectually impaired. Submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations involving the telomeric regions of chromosomes discovered in the recent years, are responsible for 4-9% cases of @entity2 . Identification of very small structural rearrangements in the telomeric regions of the chromosomes requires another strategy than those applied in routine classic methods of chromosomal analysis (fluorescence in situ hybridisation in situ FISH). We present several cases of @entity2 with @entity0 and @entity0 which occurred in one family. Submicroscopic aberration in the telomeric regions of chromosomes 7 and 10 was revealed as a cause of @entity2 in this family. That aberration was a result of familial reciprocal translocation which had been not previously identified by routine cytogenetic methods. Detailed retrospective clinical characteristics of the proband and his affected relatives is presented. Variable clinical expression in presented cases in relation to difficulties in diagnosis and genetic counseling is discussed.

title: [Case of subtelomeric aberration as a cause of familial @entity1 with @entity0 and XXXX --problems of diagnosis and genetic counseling].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 , defined as an IQ less than 70, occurs in 2-3% of the population and is both a medical and social problem of outstanding importance. Establishing its aetiology is not always easy, but it is a necessary condition in providing genetic counseling for families. Until now, the aetiology of @entity2 remains unknown in about half of the cases. @entity3 are found in about 30-40% of moderately and profoundly intellectually impaired. Submicroscopic chromosomal aberrations involving the telomeric regions of chromosomes discovered in the recent years, are responsible for 4-9% cases of @entity2 . Identification of very small structural rearrangements in the telomeric regions of the chromosomes requires another strategy than those applied in routine classic methods of chromosomal analysis (fluorescence in situ hybridisation in situ FISH). We present several cases of @entity2 with @entity0 and @entity0 which occurred in one family. Submicroscopic aberration in the telomeric regions of chromosomes 7 and 10 was revealed as a cause of @entity2 in this family. That aberration was a result of familial reciprocal translocation which had been not previously identified by routine cytogenetic methods. Detailed retrospective clinical characteristics of the proband and his affected relatives is presented. Variable clinical expression in presented cases in relation to difficulties in diagnosis and genetic counseling is discussed.

title: [Case of subtelomeric aberration as a cause of familial XXXX with @entity0 and @entity0 --problems of diagnosis and genetic counseling].

answer: @entity1


abstract: In the @entity0 the maturation of mononuclear phagocytes was followed by comparing the ultrastructural pattern of endogenous peroxidatic activity (PA) at different time points during an acute @entity1 induced with newborn calf serum (NCS). Exudate macrophages demonstrate PA only in lysosomes, whereas resident macrophages have reaction product in the nuclear envelope (NE) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Transitional cells called "exudate-resident" macrophages have PA in the NE, @entity2 , and some virginal lysosomes. In addition, peroxidase-negative macrophages were also present. A monoclonal antibody, @entity3 , that specifically recognizes a @entity0 macrophage differentiation antigen (Austyn and Gordon, 1981) was used in this study. To compare the indirect immunoperoxidase labeling of this antigen and the endogenous peroxidase cytochemistry on the cellular level, a combined method was developed. Finally, the method was applied to the peritoneal cells at different time points after intraperitoneal injection of NCS in @entity0 . The relative numbers of cells demonstrating the different patterns of endogenous PA and the proportions of each subpopulation expressing @entity3 antigen were estimated. It appeared that the expression of the antigen @entity3 coincides with the development of the resident pattern of PA. It is therefore concluded that the macrophages with the resident pattern of endogenous peroxidase are derived from monocyte-like exudate macrophages. In addition, the results indicate that both exudate-resident macrophages and at least a part of the peroxidase-negative macrophages are transitional forms.

title: The development of the resident pattern of endogenous peroxidatic activity in @entity0 peritoneal macrophages coincides with the expression of the differentiation antigen XXXX . A combined method for immunoperoxidase labeling and endogenous peroxidase cytochemistry.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In the @entity0 the maturation of mononuclear phagocytes was followed by comparing the ultrastructural pattern of endogenous peroxidatic activity (PA) at different time points during an acute @entity1 induced with newborn calf serum (NCS). Exudate macrophages demonstrate PA only in lysosomes, whereas resident macrophages have reaction product in the nuclear envelope (NE) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Transitional cells called "exudate-resident" macrophages have PA in the NE, @entity2 , and some virginal lysosomes. In addition, peroxidase-negative macrophages were also present. A monoclonal antibody, @entity3 , that specifically recognizes a @entity0 macrophage differentiation antigen (Austyn and Gordon, 1981) was used in this study. To compare the indirect immunoperoxidase labeling of this antigen and the endogenous peroxidase cytochemistry on the cellular level, a combined method was developed. Finally, the method was applied to the peritoneal cells at different time points after intraperitoneal injection of NCS in @entity0 . The relative numbers of cells demonstrating the different patterns of endogenous PA and the proportions of each subpopulation expressing @entity3 antigen were estimated. It appeared that the expression of the antigen @entity3 coincides with the development of the resident pattern of PA. It is therefore concluded that the macrophages with the resident pattern of endogenous peroxidase are derived from monocyte-like exudate macrophages. In addition, the results indicate that both exudate-resident macrophages and at least a part of the peroxidase-negative macrophages are transitional forms.

title: The development of the resident pattern of endogenous peroxidatic activity in XXXX peritoneal macrophages coincides with the expression of the differentiation antigen @entity3 . A combined method for immunoperoxidase labeling and endogenous peroxidase cytochemistry.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 genotype (HBoV-1) is a parvovirus associated with @entity3 in @entity0 with different degrees of severity. The current study intended to improve the direct gene sequencing of the HBoV-1 using a newly developed primer set. Screening the presence of @entity5 @entity1 among in- @entity0 @entity0 suffering from @entity3 was another aim of the current study. Nasopharyngeal swab samples from in- @entity0 @entity0 suffering from @entity3 were examined. The real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for the initial screening as a highly sensitive method to detect the HBoV. Genotyping of real-time positive samples was attempted by direct sequencing of PCR amplicons using NP, VP1/2 and the newly developed @entity4 /NC primers. HBoV-1 was present in 56.8% of the examined @entity0 . The newly developed primer set successfully amplified all real-time PCR positive samples, however, the other primer pairs did not reliably detect real-time PCR positive samples. The gene sequences of the detected HBoV-1 showed conserved sequences to each other with a low rate of discrepancies. The high rate of @entity1 and the similarity between the detected strains strongly suggest @entity2 .

title: A novel primer set for improved direct gene sequencing of XXXX genotype-1 from clinical samples.

answer: @entity5


abstract: A cross-sectional study of the prevalence, intensity and effects of soil-transmitted helminth and @entity5 was undertaken among @entity0 at the Buea Hospital Annex located in Buea sub-division of Cameroon. Stool samples from 356 subjects (174 males and 182 females) were collected and processed using standard concentration methods. Our results showed that 31.0% of subjects were infected with intestinal helminths and the prevalence was higher in females (32.4%) than in males (30.5%). A significantly higher prevalence was observed in rural (47.2%) than in urban areas (21.0%); significance < 0.1%. Prevalence was highest among those aged between 6 and 12 years (41.4%). The total prevalence of @entity1 were 19.3% for @entity4 , 14.0% for hookworm and 11.8% for @entity6 . The intensity of @entity1 was unevenly distributed, with very heavy loads concentrated in a few individuals. Data also showed that 28.1% (100/356) of the subjects were infected with protozoans. Females showed a higher prevalence (28.6%; 52/182) than males (20.7%; 36/174). Also, there was a significantly higher prevalence in rural (34.0%; 49/144) than urban areas (18.4%; 39/212); significance < 0.1%. The age group 6-12 years again had a higher prevalence (37.1%; 26/70). The total prevalence of intestinal protozoans was: @entity3 (24.4%), Entamoeba coli (11.2%) and @entity2 (0.6%). These relatively heavy prevalences in @entity0 may be reduced by appropriate medication and maintaining strict personal hygiene. Health education, clean water supply, good sewage management and a congenial environment will all help to minimize @entity1 .

title: The epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminth and XXXX in south-west Cameroon.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The authors report their findings on @entity4 concentrations in serum and in the lungs, its diffusion in the parenchyma of the lungs--evaluated from the ratio tissue/serum concentrations, and they also compare their results with those registered during a study on @entity6 , @entity3 and @entity5 , designed according to the same protocol. Ten @entity0 with @entity1 who had to undergo chirurgical excision, received 5 IM injections at 12-hourly intervals. The dose administrated at each injection was 7.5 mg/kg. The assay of @entity4 was realized by HPLC. Serum concentrations at the presumed peak (17 micrograms/ml) and 12 hours after that were somewhat lower than those reported by other authors. The mean tissue concentrations 2 h 20 min. after the last injection were 14,95 +/- 4,52 micrograms/g in the normal parenchyma, and 16,18 +/- 3,67 micrograms/g in the pathological parenchyma. The ratio concentrations in the tissues and in serum were comparable for both the normal and pathological parenchyma. Compared to @entity6 , @entity3 and @entity5 , this study confirms the large distribution of the @entity2 in the lung parenchyma. The behaviour of @entity6 and @entity3 with regard to the pathological parenchyma is rather comparable; @entity5 better penetrates into the normal parenchyma, and the diffusion of @entity4 is parallel for both the normal and pathological tissues.

title: [Diffusion of XXXX in the lungs].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complex left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction with normal @entity5 requires aggressive resection in the subaortic region and preservation of the aortic valve. The modified Konno procedure allows generous exposure of the LVOT from the left ventricular apex to the inter leaflet trigones of the aortic valve. Widespread use of this procedure has been limited by concern over injury to the aortic valve, the conduction system, and possibility of residual @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Retrospective analysis of pertinent data for all @entity0 undergoing the modified Konno procedure (1994 to 2001) at the University of Iowa were reviewed. RESULTS: The modified Konno procedure was used in 18 @entity0 (age 1 to 31) for @entity7 associated with diffuse narrowing of the LVOT (n = 7), a discrete @entity1 (n = 7), or a @entity1 associated with abnormal mitral attachments (n = 4). Eight @entity0 had previously undergone LVOT resection. There were no perioperative @entity2 . Estimated LVOT peak gradients by echocardiogram were 70.4 +/- 24.2 mm Hg (preoperative) and 19.2 +/- 20.4 mm Hg (postoperative) at most recent followup (p < 0.001 vs preop). @entity3 was moderate in one @entity0 (present preop) and mild or less in all other @entity0 . There were no cases of permanent @entity4 . Small residual VSDs were present in five @entity0 (28%). Median follow-up is 3.1 years. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Konno procedure can effectively relieve complex @entity7 and preserve @entity5 . Extension of this procedure for use in the initial presentation of LVOT may be appropriate in cases at increased risk of recurrent @entity7 .

title: The modified Konno procedure for complex left XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been substantial demand for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in Uganda in the early programme scale-up phase. Research indicates that early adopters of new interventions often differ from later adopters in relation to a range of behaviours. However, there is limited knowledge about the risk profile of @entity0 who were willing to be circumcised at the time of launching the @entity3 programme, i.e., potential early adopters, compared to those who were reluctant. The aim of this study was to address this gap to provide indications on whether it is likely that potential early adopters of male circumcision were more in need of this new prevention measure than others. METHODS: Data were from the 2011 Uganda AIDS Indictor Survey (UAIS), with a nationally representative sample of @entity0 15 to 59 years. The analysis was based on generalized linear models, obtaining prevalence risk ratios (PRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) as measures of association between willingness to be circumcised and multiple sexual partners, transactional sex, non-marital sex and non-use of condoms at last non-marital sex. RESULTS: Of the 5,776 @entity0 in the survey, 44% expressed willingness to be circumcised. Willingness to be circumcised was higher among the younger, urban and educated @entity0 . In the unadjusted analyses, all the @entity1 were associated with willingness to be circumcised, while in the adjusted analysis, non-marital sex (Adj @entity4 .27; CI: 1.16-1.40) and non-use of condoms at last such sex (Adj @entity4 .18; CI: 1.07-1.29) were associated with higher willingness to be circumcised. CONCLUSION: Willingness to be circumcised was relatively high at the launch of the @entity3 programme and was more common among uncircumcised @entity0 reporting @entity1 . This indicates that the early adopters of @entity3 were likely to be in particular need of such additional @entity2 protective measures.

title: Sexual Risk Behaviours and Willingness to Be Circumcised among Uncircumcised Adult XXXX in Uganda.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Ovarian hormonal influences on the range of physiological and behavioral variables which combine to affect overall energy balance are poorly delineated. In the present study 4 groups of virgin, female @entity0 (intact, ovariectomized, ovariectomized with @entity2 replacement and ovariectomized with @entity2 plus @entity5 ) were allowed access to running wheels and activity; food intake and @entity4 were measured initially under food restricted, then under ad lib conditions. Serum insulin, @entity3 , @entity9 (T4) and @entity8 (T3) were determined on trunk blood samples obtained at the end of the experiment. Ovariectomy resulted in an increased rate of @entity4 through reduced activity and T3 but food intake was unchanged. Insulin levels were greatly reduced. @entity2 replacement restored activity to the intact group's level and normalized @entity4 . Insulin and T3 were also raised to control levels but T4 was reduced as was serum @entity3 . @entity2 plus @entity5 replacement reduced @entity4 markedly and increased T3 with normal T4. Despite the lower body weight this group was @entity6 and @entity7 suggesting insulin resistance. The results have important implications for the glucoregulatory and energy balance perturbations of @entity1 and focus particularly on @entity5 .

title: Ovarian hormone effects on activity, glucoregulation and thyroid hormones in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of hypovitaminosis D (serum @entity3 <32 ng/mL; HVD) in a population of elderly veterans and conduct a preliminary assessment of the efficacy of supplementation with @entity2 in correcting HVD. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Geriatric clinic at the Bruce W. Carter Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Miami, Florida. @entity0 : Veterans aged 70 and older. INTERVENTION: Oral @entity2 2,000 IU daily or placebo for 6 months. MEASUREMENTS: Serum @entity1 , @entity3 , parathyroid hormone, and 24-hour urinary @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 34 @entity0 who completed the study, 62% had HVD at baseline. In the treatment group, mean serum @entity3 level rose from 28.4  7.9 ng/mL at baseline to 42.7  10.5 ng/mL at the end of the trial, but levels remained less than 32 ng/mL in three of 17 (18%) of the @entity0 . In the placebo group, the baseline level of 27.7  8.3 ng/mL remained unchanged (28.8  8.7 ng/mL). Supplementation did not alter serum or urinary @entity1 levels and did not result in any adverse events. CONCLUSION: These initial observations suggest that, in older veterans, @entity2 2,000 IU daily for 6 months is generally safe and corrects HVD in most but not all individuals.

title: The response of elderly veterans to daily XXXX supplementation of 2,000 IU: a pilot efficacy study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The incidence of @entity0 in dairy herds negatively influences productivity and reproductive performance. Concrete data from local areas are helpful for explaining the importance of peripartum management to dairy farmers. This study was conducted to clarify the association of culling and @entity1 rate within 30 days after calving with productivity or reproductive performance in 179 dairy herds in Fukuoka, Southern Japan. A database was compiled from the records of the Livestock Improvement Association of Japan, the Dairy Cooperative Association and the Federation of Agricultural Mutual Relief Association. In this study, we created a comprehensive database of dairy farm production data for epidemiological analysis and used a general linear mixed model to analyze the association of culling and @entity1 rate within 30 days after calving with milk production or reproductive performance. The database can be used to describe, analyze and predict the risk of production. A cross-sectional analysis with contrasts was applied to investigate the association of @entity2 served by AI/all @entity2 , pregnant @entity2 / @entity2 served by AI, days open, milk yield and somatic cell counts with culling and @entity1 rate within 30 days after calving. The days open value significantly increased with increasing rate of culling and @entity1 within 30 days after calving (P for trend <0.001). No significant differences were found for the other comparisons. Our data suggest that proper feeding and management in the dry period may lead to improved postpartum reproductive performance in this dairy @entity2 cohort.

title: The association of culling and XXXX rate within 30 days after calving with productivity or reproductive performance in dairy herds in Fukuoka, Southern Japan.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 and @entity3 are the two major forms of @entity1 in @entity0 plasma and the primary lipid soluble antioxidants. The dietary intake of @entity3 is generally higher than that of @entity2 . However, @entity2 plasma levels are about four fold higher than those of @entity3 . Among other factors, a preferential cellular uptake of @entity3 over @entity2 could contribute to the observed higher plasma @entity2 levels. In this investigation, we studied the uptake and depletion of both @entity2 and @entity3 (separately and together) in cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages. Similar studies were performed with @entity6 and @entity6 , which are oxidation products of @entity5 . RESULTS: RAW 264.7 macrophages showed a greater uptake of @entity3 compared to @entity2 (with uptake being defined as the net difference between @entity5 transported into the cells and loss due to catabolism and/or in vitro oxidation). Surprisingly, we also found that the presence of @entity3 promoted the cellular uptake of @entity2 . Mass balance considerations suggest that products other than @entity4 were formed during the incubation of @entity5 with macrophages. CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that @entity3 could play a significant role in modulating intracellular antioxidant defence mechanisms. Moreover, we found the presence of @entity3 dramatically influenced the cellular accumulation of @entity2 , i.e., @entity3 promoted the accumulation of @entity2 . If these results could be extrapolated to in vivo conditions they suggest that @entity3 is selectively taken up by cells and removed from plasma more rapidly than @entity2 . This could, in part, contribute to the selective maintenance of @entity2 in plasma compared to @entity3 .

title: The uptake of XXXX by RAW 264.7 macrophages.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The mechanism by which leukotriene D4 (LTD4) induces airway narrowing in @entity0 is unclear. We have investigated this by examining the effect of the @entity1 channel blocker @entity2 on the sensitivity of in vitro preparations of @entity0 bronchi to LTD4 and @entity4 , and on the bronchoconstriction induced in normal subjects by these agonists in vivo. In vitro smooth muscle sensitivity was assessed by the concentration of LTD4 and @entity4 causing a 50% of maximum contraction (EC50) and as the maximum @entity3 generated. @entity2 did not alter baseline @entity3 or the response to LTD4 but did inhibit contractile responses to @entity4 . In vivo studies were performed in six normal subjects; they inhaled increasing concentrations of LTD4 (0.4-50 micrograms/ml) or @entity4 (2-64 mg/ml). Airway responsiveness in vivo was expressed as the provocation concentration (PC) of agonist producing a 35% fall in specific airways conductance (PC35sGaw) and a 30% fall in flow at 30% of vital capacity (PC30 V30(p)). @entity2 did not alter baseline sGaw or V30(p). One subject did not respond to LTD4 on either day. In contrast to the in vitro results, @entity2 produced a greater than 10 fold reduction in LTD4 induced bronchoconstriction, but had no effect on @entity4 induced bronchoconstriction. These results suggest that in normal subjects bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled LTD4 is due to a combination of direct and indirect mechanisms.

title: In vitro and in vivo effect of XXXX on @entity0 airway responsiveness to leukotriene D4.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The mechanism by which leukotriene D4 (LTD4) induces airway narrowing in @entity0 is unclear. We have investigated this by examining the effect of the @entity1 channel blocker @entity2 on the sensitivity of in vitro preparations of @entity0 bronchi to LTD4 and @entity4 , and on the bronchoconstriction induced in normal subjects by these agonists in vivo. In vitro smooth muscle sensitivity was assessed by the concentration of LTD4 and @entity4 causing a 50% of maximum contraction (EC50) and as the maximum @entity3 generated. @entity2 did not alter baseline @entity3 or the response to LTD4 but did inhibit contractile responses to @entity4 . In vivo studies were performed in six normal subjects; they inhaled increasing concentrations of LTD4 (0.4-50 micrograms/ml) or @entity4 (2-64 mg/ml). Airway responsiveness in vivo was expressed as the provocation concentration (PC) of agonist producing a 35% fall in specific airways conductance (PC35sGaw) and a 30% fall in flow at 30% of vital capacity (PC30 V30(p)). @entity2 did not alter baseline sGaw or V30(p). One subject did not respond to LTD4 on either day. In contrast to the in vitro results, @entity2 produced a greater than 10 fold reduction in LTD4 induced bronchoconstriction, but had no effect on @entity4 induced bronchoconstriction. These results suggest that in normal subjects bronchoconstriction induced by inhaled LTD4 is due to a combination of direct and indirect mechanisms.

title: In vitro and in vivo effect of @entity2 on XXXX airway responsiveness to leukotriene D4.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Treatment of bone metastases usually includes surgical resection with local filling of @entity4 ( @entity8 ) in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) cement. We investigated whether incorporating @entity7 chitosan (CMCS) in @entity8 - @entity5 cement might overcome disadvantages associated with @entity8 . To determine the optimal CMCS+ @entity8 concentration to suppress the viability of @entity2 cells, an integrated microfluidic chip culturing highly metastatic @entity1 cells (H460) was employed. The mechanical properties, microstructure, and @entity8 release of (CMCS+ @entity8 )- @entity5 cement were evaluated respectively by universal mechanical testing machine, @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and incubation in simulated body fluid with subsequent HPLC-MS. Implants of @entity8 - @entity5 and (CMCS+ @entity8 )- @entity5 cement were evaluated in vivo in @entity3 femurs over time using spiral computed tomography with three-dimensional image reconstruction, and @entity6 at 6 months. Viability of @entity0 cells was significantly lowest after treatment with 57  g/mL CMCS + 21  g/mL @entity8 , which was thus used in subsequent experiments. Incorporation of 1.6% (w/w) CMCS to @entity8 - @entity5 significantly increased the bending modulus, bending strength, and compressive strength by 5, 2.8, and 5.2%, respectively, confirmed by improved microstructural homogeneity. Incorporation of CMCS delayed the time-to-plateau of @entity8 release by 2 days, but increased the fraction released at the plateau from 3.24% ( @entity8 - @entity5 ) to 5.34%. Relative to the controls, the (CMCS+ @entity8 )- @entity5 implants integrated better with the host bone. @entity6 revealed pores in the cement of the (CMCS+ @entity8 )- @entity5 implants that were not obvious in the controls. In conclusion, incorporation of CMCS in @entity8 - @entity5 appears a feasible and effective modification for improving the anti- @entity2 properties of @entity8 - @entity5 cement.

title: Effects of Incorporating XXXX Chitosan into @entity5 Bone Cement Containing @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Treatment of bone metastases usually includes surgical resection with local filling of @entity4 ( @entity8 ) in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) cement. We investigated whether incorporating @entity7 chitosan (CMCS) in @entity8 - @entity5 cement might overcome disadvantages associated with @entity8 . To determine the optimal CMCS+ @entity8 concentration to suppress the viability of @entity2 cells, an integrated microfluidic chip culturing highly metastatic @entity1 cells (H460) was employed. The mechanical properties, microstructure, and @entity8 release of (CMCS+ @entity8 )- @entity5 cement were evaluated respectively by universal mechanical testing machine, @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and incubation in simulated body fluid with subsequent HPLC-MS. Implants of @entity8 - @entity5 and (CMCS+ @entity8 )- @entity5 cement were evaluated in vivo in @entity3 femurs over time using spiral computed tomography with three-dimensional image reconstruction, and @entity6 at 6 months. Viability of @entity0 cells was significantly lowest after treatment with 57  g/mL CMCS + 21  g/mL @entity8 , which was thus used in subsequent experiments. Incorporation of 1.6% (w/w) CMCS to @entity8 - @entity5 significantly increased the bending modulus, bending strength, and compressive strength by 5, 2.8, and 5.2%, respectively, confirmed by improved microstructural homogeneity. Incorporation of CMCS delayed the time-to-plateau of @entity8 release by 2 days, but increased the fraction released at the plateau from 3.24% ( @entity8 - @entity5 ) to 5.34%. Relative to the controls, the (CMCS+ @entity8 )- @entity5 implants integrated better with the host bone. @entity6 revealed pores in the cement of the (CMCS+ @entity8 )- @entity5 implants that were not obvious in the controls. In conclusion, incorporation of CMCS in @entity8 - @entity5 appears a feasible and effective modification for improving the anti- @entity2 properties of @entity8 - @entity5 cement.

title: Effects of Incorporating @entity7 Chitosan into @entity5 Bone Cement Containing XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Treatment of bone metastases usually includes surgical resection with local filling of @entity4 ( @entity8 ) in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) cement. We investigated whether incorporating @entity7 chitosan (CMCS) in @entity8 - @entity5 cement might overcome disadvantages associated with @entity8 . To determine the optimal CMCS+ @entity8 concentration to suppress the viability of @entity2 cells, an integrated microfluidic chip culturing highly metastatic @entity1 cells (H460) was employed. The mechanical properties, microstructure, and @entity8 release of (CMCS+ @entity8 )- @entity5 cement were evaluated respectively by universal mechanical testing machine, @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and incubation in simulated body fluid with subsequent HPLC-MS. Implants of @entity8 - @entity5 and (CMCS+ @entity8 )- @entity5 cement were evaluated in vivo in @entity3 femurs over time using spiral computed tomography with three-dimensional image reconstruction, and @entity6 at 6 months. Viability of @entity0 cells was significantly lowest after treatment with 57  g/mL CMCS + 21  g/mL @entity8 , which was thus used in subsequent experiments. Incorporation of 1.6% (w/w) CMCS to @entity8 - @entity5 significantly increased the bending modulus, bending strength, and compressive strength by 5, 2.8, and 5.2%, respectively, confirmed by improved microstructural homogeneity. Incorporation of CMCS delayed the time-to-plateau of @entity8 release by 2 days, but increased the fraction released at the plateau from 3.24% ( @entity8 - @entity5 ) to 5.34%. Relative to the controls, the (CMCS+ @entity8 )- @entity5 implants integrated better with the host bone. @entity6 revealed pores in the cement of the (CMCS+ @entity8 )- @entity5 implants that were not obvious in the controls. In conclusion, incorporation of CMCS in @entity8 - @entity5 appears a feasible and effective modification for improving the anti- @entity2 properties of @entity8 - @entity5 cement.

title: Effects of Incorporating @entity7 Chitosan into XXXX Bone Cement Containing @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate @entity0 , @entity1 , and treatment variables associated with survival in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and to compare survival in @entity0 treated before 1991 with those managed with more @entity3 treatment protocols since 1992. @entity0 AND METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of @entity0 with @entity2 treated at Massachusetts General Hospital from 1967 through 2007. @entity0 were divided by treatment date into Group 1, 1967 to 1991 (n = 30) and Group 2, 1992 to 2009 (n = 17). Medical records were reviewed to collect the following: demographic, radiographic, @entity1 -specific, treatment, and survival data. The 2 subgroups were statistically compared. RESULTS: There were 47 @entity0 (32 males, 15 females) with a mean age of 30.9 years (range 4 to 74). Mandibular location showed a trend toward improved survival (P = .06). Average @entity1 size was 4.38 cm (range 0.5 to 9.0 cm). Larger @entity1 were associated with decreased overall survival (P = .016). Higher grade @entity1 had decreased overall survival (P = .01). Clear surgical margins were obtained in 67% of @entity0 . Clear surgical margins correlated with improved survival (P = .002). Maxillary @entity2 constituted 83% of those with positive margins. Overall, 5-year survival was 68%. Improved 5-year survival was noted in group 2 (77%) compared with group 1 (52%) [P = .0073]. @entity0 who developed secondary @entity5 (n = 10) had 4.5-fold increased risk of @entity4 (P = .01). Recurrence was associated with 7-fold increased risk of @entity4 (P = .0008). Thirteen @entity0 died of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Improved survival was noted in treatment group 2. This group benefited from improved imaging, earlier diagnosis and more @entity3 treatment that included improved surgical clearance. A clear survival advantage for neoadjuvant chemotherapy was not demonstrated.

title: XXXX of the jaws: factors influencing prognosis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The study was carried out on @entity0 with @entity4 (Fontaine's stage II). The arterial and @entity1 was confirmed and localized by angiography or Doppler velocimetry examination. One hundred eighty-six @entity0 were selected initially. Their @entity2 -free walking distance on a treadmill (at a speed of 3 km/hour and an inclination of 10%) had to be 150-300 m. During the first month all @entity0 received 3 placebo tablets daily. At the end of this run-in period (D-30; D 0) and after checking walking distance stability (allowed variation: +/- 20% between the two measurements) the @entity0 were included in the study. One hundred fifty-four @entity0 were selected and 118 remained during the whole study. The study was designed as a double-blind, using two parallel randomly selected groups. Sixty-four @entity0 received for six months @entity5 (3 X 200 mg tablets daily with meals); 54 @entity0 received placebo under the same conditions. During this period, clinical and paraclinical examinations were carried out every quarter (D 90 and D 180). After checking the initial homogeneity of the @entity5 and placebo-groups, the comparison between groups indicates a significant improvement in @entity5 group after 3 and 6 months of treatment. At the end of the study the observed differences in walking distance with @entity5 are approximately twice the difference in the reference group (D 90: p less than 0.05; D 180: p less than 0.02). The results of this study indicate that @entity5 is an efficient pharmacological tool for treatment of @entity0 with chronic @entity3 (Fontaine's stage II).

title: XXXX in chronic @entity3 . Results of a six month controlled multicenter study using @entity5 tablets 200 mg.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The study was carried out on @entity0 with @entity4 (Fontaine's stage II). The arterial and @entity1 was confirmed and localized by angiography or Doppler velocimetry examination. One hundred eighty-six @entity0 were selected initially. Their @entity2 -free walking distance on a treadmill (at a speed of 3 km/hour and an inclination of 10%) had to be 150-300 m. During the first month all @entity0 received 3 placebo tablets daily. At the end of this run-in period (D-30; D 0) and after checking walking distance stability (allowed variation: +/- 20% between the two measurements) the @entity0 were included in the study. One hundred fifty-four @entity0 were selected and 118 remained during the whole study. The study was designed as a double-blind, using two parallel randomly selected groups. Sixty-four @entity0 received for six months @entity5 (3 X 200 mg tablets daily with meals); 54 @entity0 received placebo under the same conditions. During this period, clinical and paraclinical examinations were carried out every quarter (D 90 and D 180). After checking the initial homogeneity of the @entity5 and placebo-groups, the comparison between groups indicates a significant improvement in @entity5 group after 3 and 6 months of treatment. At the end of the study the observed differences in walking distance with @entity5 are approximately twice the difference in the reference group (D 90: p less than 0.05; D 180: p less than 0.02). The results of this study indicate that @entity5 is an efficient pharmacological tool for treatment of @entity0 with chronic @entity3 (Fontaine's stage II).

title: @entity5 in chronic @entity3 . Results of a six month controlled multicenter study using XXXX tablets 200 mg.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The study was carried out on @entity0 with @entity4 (Fontaine's stage II). The arterial and @entity1 was confirmed and localized by angiography or Doppler velocimetry examination. One hundred eighty-six @entity0 were selected initially. Their @entity2 -free walking distance on a treadmill (at a speed of 3 km/hour and an inclination of 10%) had to be 150-300 m. During the first month all @entity0 received 3 placebo tablets daily. At the end of this run-in period (D-30; D 0) and after checking walking distance stability (allowed variation: +/- 20% between the two measurements) the @entity0 were included in the study. One hundred fifty-four @entity0 were selected and 118 remained during the whole study. The study was designed as a double-blind, using two parallel randomly selected groups. Sixty-four @entity0 received for six months @entity5 (3 X 200 mg tablets daily with meals); 54 @entity0 received placebo under the same conditions. During this period, clinical and paraclinical examinations were carried out every quarter (D 90 and D 180). After checking the initial homogeneity of the @entity5 and placebo-groups, the comparison between groups indicates a significant improvement in @entity5 group after 3 and 6 months of treatment. At the end of the study the observed differences in walking distance with @entity5 are approximately twice the difference in the reference group (D 90: p less than 0.05; D 180: p less than 0.02). The results of this study indicate that @entity5 is an efficient pharmacological tool for treatment of @entity0 with chronic @entity3 (Fontaine's stage II).

title: @entity5 in chronic XXXX . Results of a six month controlled multicenter study using @entity5 tablets 200 mg.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Avoiding tangential clamping of the ascending aorta during coronary bypass operations reduces the @entity1 to the aorta and may avoid local particulate embolization. METHODS: From December 2000 to May 2001, 21 male @entity0 , mean age 64.1 +/- 7.2 years (range, 46-76 years), with coronary artery 2-vessel (n = 3) and 3-vessel (n = 18) disease were divided randomly into 2 groups and underwent myocardial revascularization. In 11 @entity0 an aorta-saphenous vein graft @entity2 was performed with the CorLink device for @entity2 between the saphenous vein and the ascending aorta. Ten @entity0 served as control subjects. In these @entity0 the central bypass @entity2 was performed with a 6-0 running suture. Clinical follow-up was performed 1 month and 3 months postoperatively. Six months after surgery, multislice computed tomography was performed to evaluate bypass patency for all @entity0 . RESULTS: Mean number of study vessels was 1.2 +/- 0.4 in the CorLink group and 1.5 +/- 0.5 in the control group. In the CorLink group, 13 additional arterial and vein grafts were performed, and in the suture control group 15 additional mammary artery grafts were carried out. No @entity4 occurred. In 2 CorLink anastomoses an additional stitch was necessary because of minor @entity3 . Follow-up was carried out at 6 months with multislice computed tomography for all @entity0 and showed only 1 study vessel occlusion in the CorLink group. All 62 other bypass grafts were revealed to be patent and had anastomoses of good quality. CONCLUSION: Our experience suggests that the CorLink device is a safe and effective technique for @entity2 between saphenous vein grafts and the ascending aorta. The CorLink device could be used for totally endoscopic coronary bypass operations. Further randomized studies enrolling a larger number of @entity0 are necessary to determine which @entity0 may benefit the most from this procedure.

title: Clinical experience with the CorLink device for proximal XXXX of the saphenous vein to the aorta: a clinical, prospective, and randomized study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The impact of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) on outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has not been clarified. Furthermore, less is known about the indication and strategy of revascularization in these high risk @entity0 . AIMS: This study sought to determine the prevalence and prognostic impact of @entity2 in @entity0 undergoing TAVI, and to assess the safety and feasibility of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) before TAVI. METHODS: @entity0 with severe @entity3 ( @entity3 ) undergoing TAVI were included into a prospective single center registry from 2007 to 2012. Clinical outcomes were compared between @entity0 with and without @entity2 . In some @entity0 with @entity2 , it was decided to perform elective PCI before TAVI after decision by the Heart team. The primary endpoints were 30-day and 2-year all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 91 consecutive @entity0 with mean age of 79        9   years (52% @entity0 ) underwent TAVI with a median follow-up duration of 16   months (interquartile range of 27.6   months). @entity2 was present on 46 @entity0 (51%). At 30-day, the incidences of @entity1 were similar between @entity2 and non- @entity2 @entity0 (9 and 5%, p   =   0.44), but at 2   years were 50% in @entity2 @entity0 and 24% in non- @entity2 @entity0 [crude hazard ratio with @entity2 , 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-4.6; p   =   0.04]. Adjusting for age, gender, left ventricular ejection fraction, and glomerular filtration rate, the hazard of @entity1 was 2.6-fold higher in @entity0 with @entity2 (95% CI, 1.1-6.0; p   =   0.03). Elective PCI before TAVI was performed in 13 @entity0 (28% of @entity2 @entity0 ). There were no more adverse events in @entity0 who underwent TAVI   +   PCI when compared with those who underwent isolated TAVI. CONCLUSION: In severe symptomatic @entity3 who underwent TAVI, @entity2 is frequent and adversely impacts long-term outcomes, but not procedure outcomes. In selected @entity0 , PCI before TAVI appears to be feasible and safe.

title: @entity2 and Symptomatic Severe XXXX : Clinical Outcomes after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The impact of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) on outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has not been clarified. Furthermore, less is known about the indication and strategy of revascularization in these high risk @entity0 . AIMS: This study sought to determine the prevalence and prognostic impact of @entity2 in @entity0 undergoing TAVI, and to assess the safety and feasibility of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) before TAVI. METHODS: @entity0 with severe @entity3 ( @entity3 ) undergoing TAVI were included into a prospective single center registry from 2007 to 2012. Clinical outcomes were compared between @entity0 with and without @entity2 . In some @entity0 with @entity2 , it was decided to perform elective PCI before TAVI after decision by the Heart team. The primary endpoints were 30-day and 2-year all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 91 consecutive @entity0 with mean age of 79        9   years (52% @entity0 ) underwent TAVI with a median follow-up duration of 16   months (interquartile range of 27.6   months). @entity2 was present on 46 @entity0 (51%). At 30-day, the incidences of @entity1 were similar between @entity2 and non- @entity2 @entity0 (9 and 5%, p   =   0.44), but at 2   years were 50% in @entity2 @entity0 and 24% in non- @entity2 @entity0 [crude hazard ratio with @entity2 , 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-4.6; p   =   0.04]. Adjusting for age, gender, left ventricular ejection fraction, and glomerular filtration rate, the hazard of @entity1 was 2.6-fold higher in @entity0 with @entity2 (95% CI, 1.1-6.0; p   =   0.03). Elective PCI before TAVI was performed in 13 @entity0 (28% of @entity2 @entity0 ). There were no more adverse events in @entity0 who underwent TAVI   +   PCI when compared with those who underwent isolated TAVI. CONCLUSION: In severe symptomatic @entity3 who underwent TAVI, @entity2 is frequent and adversely impacts long-term outcomes, but not procedure outcomes. In selected @entity0 , PCI before TAVI appears to be feasible and safe.

title: XXXX and Symptomatic Severe @entity3 : Clinical Outcomes after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although chronic intrathecal catheterization is a widely used method in @entity0 , few calibration experiments have been performed. In this study, we investigated the correlation between the side position of the catheter tip and the side differences observed in the motor and @entity1 after intrathecal administration of @entity3 to a large number of @entity0 . The existence of a @entity2 was determined by the paw withdrawal test. The motor impairment was assessed by observing the complete clubbing of the hindpaw and measuring the hindpaw grip strength. After experimental use, we established the position of the catheter tip. The catheter tips were variously located in all directions of the transverse plane in the @entity0 spinal subarachnoid space. @entity3 administration (100 or 500 microg/5 microL; n = 264 and 112, respectively) led to dose-dependent motor and @entity1 . The effect of 100 microg of @entity3 exhibited side differences; i.e., the extents of both motor (r = 0.77) and sensory (r = 0.60 and r = 0.67 for the right and the left side, respectively) disturbances correlated significantly with the location of the catheter tip. Our data have shown that detection of the paralytic and/or antinociceptive effect of small-dose @entity3 before planned experiments is a simple and reliable method for prediction of the location of the catheter tip. We suggest that the position of the catheter might cause side differences in the drug effect, especially if small doses of drugs are administered and their effects are investigated on both sides.

title: The significance of intrathecal catheter location in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The third-generation cephalosporins and some newer @entity8 compounds such as the monobactams and carbapenems, when compared with first- and second-generation cephalosporins, have an extended spectrum of activity and generally greater activity against gram-negative bacilli of clinical importance. The increased spectrum includes the Enterobacteriaceae and @entity2 . Although the third-generation cephalosporins have some activity against @entity2 , of those drugs now available in the United States, @entity10 and @entity4 are much more active than the others, and @entity10 is more active than @entity4 . The activity of the third-generation compounds against Acinetobacter species and other @entity2 species is limited. These compounds inhibit the growth of @entity12 and Neisseria species (including beta-lactamase-producing isolates), nonenterococcal streptococci, and anaerobic gram-positive cocci. They also inhibit the growth of @entity5 -susceptible @entity1 and coagulase-negative staphylococci but generally are not as active against these organisms as are the first-generation cephalosporins. They do not inhibit @entity5 -resistant @entity1 . The activity of third-generation cephalosporins against anaerobes varies, but @entity7 and @entity13 are similar in activity to @entity6 , a second-generation compound. The third-generation @entity3 do not inhibit the growth of Listeria. A majority of organisms resistant to @entity11 and @entity9 (first- and second-generation cephalosporins) and to @entity0 are inhibited by third-generation cephalosporins.

title: Review of in vitro activity of third-generation cephalosporins and other newer XXXX antibiotics against clinically important bacteria.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Because of apparent inconsistencies in the two trials of neutron therapy carried out under its auspices, the MRC in 1982 requested a comparative review of the data in the Hammersmith and Edinburgh trials in so far as the clinical material allowed of such comparison. It was clear that the two trials were not only not contemporaneous (Hammersmith 1971-75; Edinburgh 1977-82) but that they differed in site and stage of disease as well as in the parameters of radiation dosage. Only a fraction of the @entity0 were comparable and this review, which sets out the differences in design and conduct of the two trials, focuses on @entity2 in the four sites--oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx--which were common in both. The first 120 @entity0 entered into the Edinburgh trial have been compared with the 95 @entity0 selected from 161 in the Hammersmith trial who would have been eligible at Edinburgh by reason of the site of disease and histology. Thus, Hammersmith @entity0 with @entity1 of salivary glands, sinuses and neck nodes were, of necessity, excluded. Within such limitations the data on case distribution, @entity1 size and stage, the parameters of radiation dosage and the outcome in @entity1 control, survival and treatment morbidity have been subjected to rigorous assessment and analysis. The important aspects in which the two investigations had differed included the stage of disease (more advanced at Hammersmith, with 63% of @entity0 having fixed nodes, compared with 27% at Edinburgh); radiation dosage (the median neutron dose being 5% lower at Edinburgh than at Hammersmith while the median photon dose was l0% higher at Edinburgh); the "photon arm" of the Edinburgh trial being on site whereas that at Hammersmith had been at multiple centres; and the years in which the trials had been carried out. The two series are comparable in terms of treatment failure (local recurrence or late radiation death) following local @entity1 control. The results are also consistent in associating an increased incidence of late severe radiation morbidity and of intercurrent deaths with neutron therapy. In three other respects the results of the two series differ. At Edinburgh there was advantage to the photon-treated @entity0 in terms of overall mortality, whereas at Hammersmith the advantage was to those treated with neutrons. The incidence of @entity1 regression for @entity0 randomised to photons was much lower in the Hammersmith trial than for neutrons, whereas in Edinburgh the two modalities gave similar results.

title: A comparative review of the Hammersmith (1971-75) and Edinburgh (1977-82) neutron therapy trials of certain XXXX of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx. Medical Research Council Neutron Therapy Working Group.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate clinically whether the addition of @entity4 to the one-bottle enamel-dentin adhesive Gluma Comfort Bond (GCB) has a desensitizing function, as insinuated by the brand name Gluma Comfort Bond+Desensitizer (GCB+D). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two @entity2 studies following identical protocols were conducted in Abu Dhabi (A) and Bologna (B). Each of the 60 and 59 @entity0 selected, respectively, had two sensitive cervical tooth sites, characterized by a score three or higher on a five-step @entity2 scale: 1 (no), 2 (slight), 3 (mild), 4 (severe), 5 (very severe) discomfort upon application of a 2-second cold air stimulus. The buccal sensitive sites treated in A were generally small, in B larger and in most cases extending into the proximal tooth area. The @entity0 indicated their discomfort level according to the @entity2 scale prior to and immediately after topical application of GCB and GCB+D, respectively, and then at recalls after 1 week, 1 (A) or 3 (B) months, and 6 months. The data was statistically analyzed by chi2-tests (P < 0.05). RESULTS: With the cumulative scores 1 and 2, the following percentage success rates were found for GCB/GCB+D. A: postoperatively 93/98, 1 week and 1 month 98/98, and at 6 months 92/100. In B, the respective decrease in sensitivity was uniformly 43/100 throughout the entire evaluation period, postoperatively through 6 months. The 33 teeth (57%) of GCB with scores 3 and 4 in the B-study received a rescue treatment with Gluma Desensitizer immediately after the 1 week recall. This regimen reduced the sensitivity instantaneously to scores 1 and 2 until the end of the evaluation after 6 months. In the A-study, GCB+D was significantly more effective than GCB after 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months, in the B-study at all recall sessions. It is hypothesized that a thin film of adhesive applied to a sensitive area may not polymerize and seal the dentin surface adequately due to @entity1 inhibition. In particular, proximal sensitive tooth sites with poor access for adhesive application are suspected to remain inadequately sealed with a polymer film and thus sensitive. In this latter case however, @entity4 as a component of the adhesive compound will result in coagulation of peripheral tubular liquid protein and thus desensitization, due to hampering of the liquid shift across the tubules upon excitation of a cold stimulus. In conclusion, @entity4 played an active and effective role as a desensitizing agent, when added to the @entity3 -water based one-bottle adhesive Gluma Comfort Bond.

title: Clinical evaluation of the role of XXXX in a one-bottle adhesive.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Over the past 30 years, treatment advances and the addition of neoadjuvant chemotherapy have led to improved 5-year survival in @entity0 with @entity2 . More recent literature suggests the overall prognosis remains highly variable, with little improvement since the introduction of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Tumor @entity1 is an important predictor of @entity0 prognosis. Necrosis of more than 90% correlates with overall survival (OS) approaching 75%. We reviewed the history of @entity2 treatment and survival and performed a meta-analysis of the 2000-2011 literature. Forty articles were included in the study. Five-year OS was 63% (95% confidence interval, 60%-66%) in studies that included @entity0 with metastatic and nonmetastatic disease and 71% (95% confidence interval, 67%-76%) in studies that included only @entity0 with nonmetastatic disease. Fifty percent of the @entity0 in the studies of those with nonmetastatic @entity2 achieved 90% @entity1 on histology. Five-year OS and number of @entity0 achieving 90% @entity1 are consistent with previous reports. Research is needed to improve treatment regimens and @entity0 outcomes.

title: XXXX : A Meta-Analysis and Review of the Literature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Measurement of @entity0 race/ethnicity in electronic health records is mandated and important for tracking health disparities. OBJECTIVE: Characterize the quality of race/ethnicity data collection efforts. METHODS: For all @entity1 @entity0 diagnosed (2007-2010) at two hospitals, we extracted demographic data from five sources: 1) a university hospital @entity1 registry, 2) a university electronic medical record (EMR), 3) a community hospital @entity1 registry, 4) a community EMR, and 5) a joint clinical research registry. The @entity0 whose data we examined (N   =   17  834) contributed 41   025 entries (range: 2-5 per @entity0 across sources), and the source comparisons generated 1-10 unique pairs per @entity0 . We used generalized estimating equations, chi-squares tests, and kappas estimates to assess data availability and agreement. RESULTS: Compared to sex and insurance status, race/ethnicity information was significantly less likely to be available (  (2   )>   8043, P   <   .001), with variation across sources (  (2   )>   10  589, P   <   .001). The university EMR had a high prevalence of "Unknown" values. Aggregate kappa estimates across the sources was 0.45 (95% confidence interval, 0.45-0.45; N   =   31  276 unique pairs), but improved in sensitivity analyses that excluded the university EMR source (k   =   0.89). Race/ethnicity data were in complete agreement for only 6988 @entity0 (39.2%). Pairs with a "Black" data value in one of the sources had the highest agreement (95.3%), whereas pairs with an "Other" value exhibited the lowest agreement across sources (11.1%). DISCUSSION: Our findings suggest that high-quality race/ethnicity data are attainable. Many of the "errors" in race/ethnicity data are caused by missing or "Unknown" data values. CONCLUSIONS: To facilitate transparent reporting of healthcare delivery outcomes by race/ethnicity, healthcare systems need to monitor and enforce race/ethnicity data collection standards.

title: Assessing race and ethnicity data quality across XXXX registries and EMRs in two hospitals.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) from lectin-stimulated @entity0 leukocytes contains factors that induce @entity0 promyelocytic cell lines to differentiate along the monocytic pathway. In this report, we show that @entity0 promyelocytic cell lines are also induced to differentiate along this pathway by immune interferon ( @entity2 ). Various preparations of @entity4 tested did not induce this differentiation. In cultures containing @entity2 , the cells are induced to coordinately express monocyte markers and functions such as monocyte-specific surface antigens, HLA-DR antigens, nonspecific esterase, receptors for the Fc fragment of IgG, and the ability to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated @entity1 . Our data indicate that differentiation induced by @entity2 is not secondary to an arrest of growth of promyelocytic cell lines, but rather that a proportion of cells is induced along a programmed pathway of terminal differentiation similar to that of normal monocytes. @entity3 contains @entity2 , but its ability to induce differentiation is greater than expected on the basis of its content of @entity2 . Treatments at 56 degrees C or at pH 2.0, which abolish @entity2 activity, abrogate the differentiation ability of @entity3 . The antiviral activity and the differentiation activity contained in the @entity3 are coeluted from gel filtration and reverse-phase columns. Monoclonal antibodies anti- @entity2 , which completely abrogate the differentiation ability of @entity2 and the antiviral activity in the @entity3 , completely suppress the induction of some monocyte markers by @entity3 , but only reduce the expression of others. When @entity2 is added to @entity3 , promyelocytic cell lines are induced to differentiate to a much greater extent than that induced by either @entity2 or @entity2 -depleted @entity3 alone. These results show that the differentiation activity of leukocyte @entity3 is due to the synergistic effect of @entity2 and other factors not yet identified.

title: Role of immune interferon in the monocytic differentiation of XXXX promyelocytic cell lines induced by leukocyte conditioned medium.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Synthetic @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity0 luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and salmon LHRH (sLHRH) were injected intravenously into conscious, adult toads (Bufo marinus) to elucidate the cardiovascular actions of the hormones. The maximal increases in pulse pressure elicited by the three peptides did not differ from each other but only @entity6 increased cardiac frequency. The maximal @entity1 (MAP) caused by LHRH and sLHRH were identical, while @entity6 caused a 100% greater maximal effect. The median effective doses (ED50) for both @entity6 and LHRH were approximately 0.1 nmol kg-1 whereas the potency of sLHRH was 10 fold less. Pressor responses to LHRH and sLHRH were blocked completely by (D-pGlu1, D-Phe2, D-Trp3,6)-LHRH but this antagonist did not inhibit @entity6 . Significant proportions of circulating, endogenous @entity2 , @entity3 (NA) and @entity5 (Ad) were found to be sulphoconjugated. Arterial plasma concentration of free NA increased simultaneously with the rise in blood pressure following @entity6 injection. The magnitude of the free NA response increased with increasing @entity6 dose but even a high dose failed to augment the plasma level of conjugated NA. @entity6 did not alter concentrations of free or conjugated @entity2 and Ad. Intraarterial injection of an alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist, @entity8 , caused sustained elevation of arterial pressure and free Ad. Subsequently @entity6 lowered plasma Ad concentration. @entity8 inhibited the NA response to @entity6 yet the pressor effects of the alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist and @entity6 were additive. Administration of a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, @entity4 , largely reversed the cardiovascular sequelae of alpha-adrenoceptor blockade. It is concluded, firstly, that the cardiovascular actions of @entity6 and LHRH are mediated through different receptors. Secondly, although it had been shown that alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor mechanisms mediate the pressor effect of LHRH, the present experiments showed that mobilization of @entity7 cannot account for the pressor response to @entity6 . Thirdly, both free and conjugated @entity7 circulate in toads; however the extent of conjugation can be dissociated from the changes in free NA and Ad induced by @entity6 and prazosin.

title: Conjugated XXXX and pressor responses to angiotensin, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone and prazosin in conscious toads.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Chronic ingestion of diets containing 34% or 54% fat have been reported [Peptides 19 (1998) 1407] to decrease the inhibitory effect on food intake of doses of @entity1 -8 (CCK-8) less than 1 microg/kg i.p. We attempted to replicate this phenomenon in three experiments by comparing the effect of high-fat and low-fat diets on the threshold dose of CCK-8 for inhibition and on the dose-response function for doses of CCK-8 that ranged from 0.125 to 2.0 microg/kg. The first experiment tested @entity0 five times per week. @entity0 on a 34% fat diet had a higher threshold (1.0 microg/kg) than @entity0 on a 5% fat diet (0.25 microg/kg). The dose-response functions, however, were not significantly different. This result replicated the earlier report [Peptides 19 (1998) 1407]. The second experiment tested @entity0 maintained on the same diets every other day as in the original report. It failed, however, to replicate the results of the first experiment or the earlier report because the threshold doses and the dose-response functions of CCK-8 were not significantly different between @entity0 on 34% and 5% fat diets. The third experiment compared the potency of CCK-8 in @entity0 on a 60% fat diet with the potency in @entity0 on a 5% fat diet. CCK-8 was significantly more potent in the @entity0 on the 60% fat diet because the threshold dose of these @entity0 was lower (0.125 microg/kg) than in @entity0 on the 5% fat diet (0.25 microg/kg), and the dose-response function in @entity0 on the 60% fat diet was significantly more potent than in @entity0 on the 5% fat diet. Thus, we observed two effects of the chronic ingestion of high-fat diets on the inhibitory potency of CCK-8: (1). A 34% fat diet increased the threshold dose of CCK-8 without changing the dose-response function in one of two experiments. (2). A 60% fat diet increased the potency of CCK-8 because it decreased the threshold dose and increased the dose-response function significantly.

title: Two effects of high-fat diets on the satiating potency of XXXX -8.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 -evolving photosystem II complex was isolated from @entity4 chloroplasts. The individual polypeptides of the complex were isolated from @entity6 ( @entity2 )- @entity5 gels and antibodies were raised in @entity1 against these polypeptides. After washing of the isolation complex by 0.8 M Tris to release the extrinsic proteins, a distinct diffused protein band was revealed at the position of 33 kDa in @entity2 gels containing 4 M @entity3 . When this band was electroeluted from the gel and subsequently electrophoresed on @entity2 gels, three distinct protein bands became apparent. Antibodies raised against each one of these polypeptides cross-reacted with the other two polypeptides to varying degrees but not with the other subunits of the complex. The three polypeptides were denoted as "34," "33," and "32" kDa and the 33 being the herbicide-binding protein. Using the antibodies, the relative amounts of the photosystem II polypeptides were followed during greening of etiolated @entity4 seedlings. While all three extrinsic polypeptides were present in etiolated leaves at relatively high amounts, the other polypeptides could not be detected prior to an approximate 6-h illumination period. Further illumination induced the appearance of all of the rest of the subunits in a relatively similar rate. The @entity0 evolution activity was developed parallel to the increase in the amounts of these polypeptides. Therefore, the assembly of the active photosystem II during greening is a two-step process in contrast with the photosystem I reaction center, which is assembled step by step, and the rest of the chloroplast protein complexes, which are assembled by a concerted mechanism.

title: Polypeptides of the XXXX -evolving photosystem II complex. Immunological detection and biogenesis.

answer: @entity0