abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy and safety of 1-mg and 4-mg doses of preservative-free intravitreal @entity4 with observation for eyes with @entity2 associated with @entity3 secondary to perfused central @entity6 (CRVO). METHODS: Multicenter, randomized, clinical trial of 271 @entity0 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Gain in visual acuity letter score of 15 or more from baseline to month 12. RESULTS: Seven percent, 27%, and 26% of @entity0 achieved the primary outcome in the observation, 1-mg, and 4-mg groups, respectively. The odds of achieving the primary outcome were 5.0 times greater in the 1-mg group than the observation group (odds ratio [OR], 5.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-14.1; P = .001) and 5.0 times greater in 4-mg group than the observation group (OR, 5.0; 95% CI, 1.8-14.4; P = .001); there was no difference identified between the 1-mg and 4-mg groups (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.5-2.1; P = .97). The rates of @entity5 and @entity1 were similar for the observation and 1-mg groups, but higher in the 4-mg group. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal @entity4 is superior to observation for treating @entity2 associated with @entity3 secondary to CRVO in @entity0 who have characteristics similar to those in the SCORE-CRVO trial. The 1-mg dose has a safety profile superior to that of the 4-mg dose. Application to Clinical Practice Intravitreal @entity4 in a 1-mg dose, following the retreatment criteria applied in the SCORE Study, should be considered for up to 1 year, and possibly 2 years, for @entity0 with characteristics similar to those in the SCORE-CRVO trial. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00105027.

title: A randomized trial comparing the efficacy and safety of intravitreal @entity4 with observation to treat @entity2 associated with @entity3 secondary to central @entity6 : the Standard Care vs Corticosteroid for XXXX (SCORE) study report 5.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of non-permanent filter in preventing @entity3 ( @entity3 ) caused by @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: The clinical data of 12 @entity0 who were implanted with non-permanent filter for documented @entity4 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from September 2003 to June 2006 were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Among these 12 @entity0 , 10 were implanted with temporary filters, and 2 with retrievable filters. All the 12 operations were successful without major complications. In the 10 @entity0 who received temporary filters, filters were smoothly removed after 4 weeks in 9 @entity0 , while one @entity0 was further treated with anticoagulation therapy for 12 weeks because large emboli were entrapped by filter. In the 2 @entity0 who received retrievable filters, filter were smoothly removed 2 weeks later in one @entity0 ; however, in another @entity0 , the filter was left inside because large emboli were entrapped by filter. In all the 12 @entity0 , emboli were entrapped in 6 filters (50%), in which the emboli were larger than 2 cm in 2 @entity0 , larger than 1 cm but less than 2 cm in 1 @entity0 , and less than 1 cm in 3 @entity0 . @entity3 scanning was performed in 10 @entity0 before primary implantation, and @entity3 was found in 5 @entity0 . @entity3 scanning was performed in 8 @entity0 6 months after implantation, and minor @entity3 was found in 4 @entity0 , whose symptoms and affected pulmonary artery were obviously improved. All @entity0 received regular follow-up (ranged from 3 months to 2 years), 1 @entity0 died of @entity1 4 months after operation, 1 @entity0 suffered @entity2 due to large emboli entrapped by the temporary filter, and 1 @entity0 experienced the recurrence of symptomatic @entity4 . Symptoms were improved in all the 5 @entity0 with @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Non-permanent filter can safely and effectively protect @entity0 from @entity3 . More standardized criteria for placement and protocols to ensure timely removal should be developed and implemented.

title: [Safety and efficiency of non-permanent inferior vena cava filters in preventing XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the characteristics of the physiological uptake of uterus and ovaries on @entity2 positron emission tomography (FDG PET). METHODS: A total of 288 PET examinations performed in 247 @entity0 (164 with @entity1 , 44 with benign diseases, and 39 without remarkable abnormality) were included for analysis, and clinical follow-ups were applied for at least 10 months to exclude @entity3 . The menstrual statuses, menstrual cycles, and related pelvic examinations with other modalities were inquired before each PET examination. PET scanning was performed from pelvis to neck with a Siemens ECAT EXACT HR + system. The uptake levels of uterus and ovaries were set as intense, moderate, and mild by comparing to liver uptake. RESULTS: In 116 @entity0 (131 examinations ) with regular menstruation, the endometrial uptake, usually in inverted cone shape surrounded by relatively low-uptake uterine wall, was observed with two peaks in the early menstrual flow phase and in the mid-cycle respectively; the ovarian uptake was more prominent in the mid-cycle, with the foci of uptake in ovoidal shape and located at the left and/or right side superior-posterior to the bladder. From the early menstrual flow phase to the late secretory phase of the menstrual cycles, the probabilities of mild uptake in both endometrium and ovaries were 7%, 86%, 80%, 58%, 20%, 40%, 64%, and 59%, respectively, indicating that the late menstrual flow phase and the early proliferative phase had the least probability of intense or moderate uptake. No intense uptake was observed in the 17 @entity0 (19 examinations) presenting remarkably irregular menstrual cycle, 112 @entity0 (136 studies) in menopause for 3 months to 39 years, and 2 @entity0 without menstruation yet. Only one @entity0 within 1 year of menopause and a 14-year-old @entity0 expected to start menstruation showed mild to moderate uptake in the endometrium. CONCLUSION: The physiological endometrial and ovarian uptakes have specific shapes and positions on @entity2 PET images, which correlates well with the menstrual phases.

title: [Characteristics of physiological uptake of uterus and ovaries on XXXX positron emission tomography].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 represents 20 to 25 % of all @entity1 . It is characterized by his quickly dissemination. Chemotherapy is the comer stone of @entity2 therapy. However, therapeutic approach are depending on @entity0 's performans states and the disease's extension. The role of radiotherapy is established in the treatment of limited disease. However irradiation's modalities are still discussed. Surgery, usually, contraindicated is, actually, possible in early stages (T1T2N0). Recent advances in molecular biology have created new molecular targeted therapies for SCC but the benefits are not still evaluated. In this article, we review briefly classic strategies that have been evaluated in the management of @entity0 with @entity3 . This review will, also, focus in the main novel cytotoxic drugs and radiotherapy's modalities and for their clinical implication.

title: [Toward optimization of XXXX management].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aims of the present study were to describe the ontogeny of spatial relationships between placental components in @entity3 and to investigate alterations in these indices following (1) moderate maternal nutrient restriction and (2) administration of glucocorticoids to pregnant @entity3 . We investigated the effects of glucocorticoids since they have been shown to play a role in the altered fetal growth that accompanies maternal nutrient restriction. Glucocorticoids are also given to pregnant @entity0 who threaten @entity1 to accelerate fetal lung maturation. A third aim was to compare our findings to those in similar conditions in @entity0 pregnancy. Volumetric placental development in the @entity2 was similar to that in the @entity0 , although growth of fetal capillaries was slower over the second half of gestation in @entity2 than in @entity0 placentas. Intervillous space (IVS) and villous star volumes were halved at the end of gestation compared to the middle of gestation, as described in the @entity0 placenta. When mothers were fed 70% of feed eaten by controls fed ad libitum, placental volumetric structure was unchanged at mid-gestation but was altered by the end of gestation when placental weight, but not fetal weight or length, was decreased. At the end of gestation villous volume and surface area, capillary surface area, and the villous isomorphic coefficient were all decreased, In contrast, IVS hydraulic diameter was increased. All parameters were similar in pregnancies with male and female fetuses, with the exception of fetal capillary volume, which was unchanged in pooled samples and those from male fetuses, but decreased in pregnancies with female fetuses. Glucocorticoid administration during the second half of gestation did not produce any changes in the measured indices of placental composition. In summary, these changes in placental structure, associated with maternal nutrient restriction, would all act to decrease placental transport of nutrients. The influence of MNR on villous capillarization depends on fetal gender.

title: Moderate maternal nutrient restriction, but not glucocorticoid administration, leads to placental morphological changes in the XXXX (Papio sp.).

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review of the existing literature on the incidence of @entity1 . In a comprehensive literature review, the authors identified 48 articles published since 1965 and written in English which reported the incidence and risk factors for @entity1 or assessed outcomes related to @entity0 . Most studies had important methodological limitations limiting the generalizability of the findings. In particular, the absence of standardized valid measures of @entity0 and other outcome variables was a major barrier to drawing strong conclusions. Among studies on @entity1 , the prevalence rate varied between 32 and 72%. Identified risk factors included dark skin, female gender, young age, burn site on neck and upper limb, multiple surgical procedures, meshed skin graph, time to healing, and burn severity. With regard to psychosocial outcomes, two studies compared pediatric burn survivors with a nonburn comparison group on a body image measure; neither study found differences between groups. Across studies, burn severity and location had a modest relationship with psychosocial outcome variables. Psychosocial variables such as social comfort and perceived stigmatization were more highly associated with body image than burn characteristics. To advance our knowledge of the epidemiology of scars and the burden of scars, future studies need to implement more rigorous methodologies. In particular, standardized valid measures of @entity0 and other outcomes should be developed. This process could be facilitated by an international collaboration among burn centers.

title: Epidemiology and impact of XXXX after burn injury: a systematic review of the literature.

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review at a single center. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence and risk factors associated with proximal junctional @entity1 (PJK) and distal junctional @entity1 (DJK) in @entity0 undergoing instrumented spinal fusion for @entity4 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previously reported risk factors for junctional @entity1 include improper end vertebrae selection, curve correction greater than 50%, or excessive junctional soft tissue dissection. METHODS: Clinical and radiographic data on 67 @entity0 (mean age 37) from a single center treated with instrumented fusion for @entity4 were reviewed. All @entity0 had complete radiographic data with a minimum 5-year follow-up (mean: 73 months). Abnormal PJK was defined by a proximal junctional angle greater than 10 degrees and at least 10 degrees greater than the corresponding preoperative measurement. DJK was similarly defined between the caudal endplate of the lower instrumented vertebra to the caudal endplate that was 1 vertebra below. RESULTS: The incidence of PJK as defined above was seen in 20 @entity0 (30%). The development of PJK was associated with failure to incorporate the proximal end vertebra (15 @entity0 ), disruption of junctional ligamentum flavum (3 @entity0 ), or combination of both (2 @entity0 ). The most common cause of inappropriate end vertebra selection was poor visualization of the @entity2 .DJK occurred in 8 @entity0 (12%) and 7 of them had fusion short of including the first @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The incidence of PJK can be minimized by the appropriate selection of the upper end vertebra to be fused and avoiding disruption of the junctional ligamentum flavum. The development of DJK can be minimized by incorporation of the first @entity3 into the fusion construct.

title: Incidence and risk factors for proximal and distal junctional XXXX following surgical treatment for @entity4 : minimum five-year follow-up.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review at a single center. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence and risk factors associated with proximal junctional @entity1 (PJK) and distal junctional @entity1 (DJK) in @entity0 undergoing instrumented spinal fusion for @entity4 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previously reported risk factors for junctional @entity1 include improper end vertebrae selection, curve correction greater than 50%, or excessive junctional soft tissue dissection. METHODS: Clinical and radiographic data on 67 @entity0 (mean age 37) from a single center treated with instrumented fusion for @entity4 were reviewed. All @entity0 had complete radiographic data with a minimum 5-year follow-up (mean: 73 months). Abnormal PJK was defined by a proximal junctional angle greater than 10 degrees and at least 10 degrees greater than the corresponding preoperative measurement. DJK was similarly defined between the caudal endplate of the lower instrumented vertebra to the caudal endplate that was 1 vertebra below. RESULTS: The incidence of PJK as defined above was seen in 20 @entity0 (30%). The development of PJK was associated with failure to incorporate the proximal end vertebra (15 @entity0 ), disruption of junctional ligamentum flavum (3 @entity0 ), or combination of both (2 @entity0 ). The most common cause of inappropriate end vertebra selection was poor visualization of the @entity2 .DJK occurred in 8 @entity0 (12%) and 7 of them had fusion short of including the first @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The incidence of PJK can be minimized by the appropriate selection of the upper end vertebra to be fused and avoiding disruption of the junctional ligamentum flavum. The development of DJK can be minimized by incorporation of the first @entity3 into the fusion construct.

title: Incidence and risk factors for proximal and distal junctional @entity1 following surgical treatment for XXXX : minimum five-year follow-up.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The immune response to @entity1 -specific antigens is typically unable to control the growth and spread of malignant cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that the suppressive effects of @entity4 + @entity6 + regulatory T-cells are at least partially responsible for the failure of immune-mediated elimination of @entity1 cells. METHODS: We have studied 25 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The liver tissues with @entity2 were separated into the marginal region of @entity1 (peri- @entity1 region) and the non- @entity1 region distant from the @entity1 . @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells were quantified in the blood and the liver by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and their effect on T-cell proliferation and activation was determined. RESULTS: We found a significant increase in both the proportion and absolute numbers of @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells in the peri- @entity1 regions, but not in unaffected areas (9.5 +/- 4.5 vs. 4.6 +/- 2.8%, P = 0.011). @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells isolated from peri- @entity1 regions displayed phenotype markers characteristic of regulatory T-cells, and expressed @entity3 mRNA. @entity5 + T-cells in peri- @entity1 regions were inversely proportional to @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells in the same region (P < 0.001). Moreover, isolated @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells inhibited autologous @entity5 + T-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells in the marginal region of @entity2 may play a critical role in controlling @entity5 + cytotoxic T-cell activity and, thereby, contribute to the progression of @entity2 .

title: Increase of @entity4 + @entity6 + regulatory T-cells in the liver of @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The immune response to @entity1 -specific antigens is typically unable to control the growth and spread of malignant cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that the suppressive effects of @entity4 + @entity6 + regulatory T-cells are at least partially responsible for the failure of immune-mediated elimination of @entity1 cells. METHODS: We have studied 25 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The liver tissues with @entity2 were separated into the marginal region of @entity1 (peri- @entity1 region) and the non- @entity1 region distant from the @entity1 . @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells were quantified in the blood and the liver by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and their effect on T-cell proliferation and activation was determined. RESULTS: We found a significant increase in both the proportion and absolute numbers of @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells in the peri- @entity1 regions, but not in unaffected areas (9.5 +/- 4.5 vs. 4.6 +/- 2.8%, P = 0.011). @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells isolated from peri- @entity1 regions displayed phenotype markers characteristic of regulatory T-cells, and expressed @entity3 mRNA. @entity5 + T-cells in peri- @entity1 regions were inversely proportional to @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells in the same region (P < 0.001). Moreover, isolated @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells inhibited autologous @entity5 + T-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells in the marginal region of @entity2 may play a critical role in controlling @entity5 + cytotoxic T-cell activity and, thereby, contribute to the progression of @entity2 .

title: Increase of @entity4 + XXXX + regulatory T-cells in the liver of @entity0 with @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The immune response to @entity1 -specific antigens is typically unable to control the growth and spread of malignant cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that the suppressive effects of @entity4 + @entity6 + regulatory T-cells are at least partially responsible for the failure of immune-mediated elimination of @entity1 cells. METHODS: We have studied 25 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The liver tissues with @entity2 were separated into the marginal region of @entity1 (peri- @entity1 region) and the non- @entity1 region distant from the @entity1 . @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells were quantified in the blood and the liver by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and their effect on T-cell proliferation and activation was determined. RESULTS: We found a significant increase in both the proportion and absolute numbers of @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells in the peri- @entity1 regions, but not in unaffected areas (9.5 +/- 4.5 vs. 4.6 +/- 2.8%, P = 0.011). @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells isolated from peri- @entity1 regions displayed phenotype markers characteristic of regulatory T-cells, and expressed @entity3 mRNA. @entity5 + T-cells in peri- @entity1 regions were inversely proportional to @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells in the same region (P < 0.001). Moreover, isolated @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells inhibited autologous @entity5 + T-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells in the marginal region of @entity2 may play a critical role in controlling @entity5 + cytotoxic T-cell activity and, thereby, contribute to the progression of @entity2 .

title: Increase of XXXX + @entity6 + regulatory T-cells in the liver of @entity0 with @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The immune response to @entity1 -specific antigens is typically unable to control the growth and spread of malignant cells. Accumulating evidence indicates that the suppressive effects of @entity4 + @entity6 + regulatory T-cells are at least partially responsible for the failure of immune-mediated elimination of @entity1 cells. METHODS: We have studied 25 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The liver tissues with @entity2 were separated into the marginal region of @entity1 (peri- @entity1 region) and the non- @entity1 region distant from the @entity1 . @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells were quantified in the blood and the liver by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, and their effect on T-cell proliferation and activation was determined. RESULTS: We found a significant increase in both the proportion and absolute numbers of @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells in the peri- @entity1 regions, but not in unaffected areas (9.5 +/- 4.5 vs. 4.6 +/- 2.8%, P = 0.011). @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells isolated from peri- @entity1 regions displayed phenotype markers characteristic of regulatory T-cells, and expressed @entity3 mRNA. @entity5 + T-cells in peri- @entity1 regions were inversely proportional to @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells in the same region (P < 0.001). Moreover, isolated @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells inhibited autologous @entity5 + T-cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity4 + @entity6 + T-cells in the marginal region of @entity2 may play a critical role in controlling @entity5 + cytotoxic T-cell activity and, thereby, contribute to the progression of @entity2 .

title: Increase of @entity4 + @entity6 + regulatory T-cells in the liver of XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: As experience with laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) expands, inevitably @entity6 with @entity2 will be subjected to LPN. We evaluated LPN in kidneys with multiple arteries and compared those outcomes with the LPN outcomes in @entity0 with conventional renal arterial anatomy. METHODS: Since September 1999, we have performed LPN for @entity1 in 333 @entity0 . From this prospectively maintained database, we identified 60 @entity0 with @entity2 and 273 @entity0 with a single renal artery to the operated kidney. All @entity0 underwent three-dimensional computed tomography preoperatively for accurate delineation of the @entity1 and renal vascular anatomy. The clinical and operative data were reviewed to assess critical outcomes. RESULTS: The baseline parameters, including @entity1 size (P = 0.87), were similar in the two groups. Intraoperatively, the method of vascular control, @entity1 parenchymal extension depth (P = 0.40), number requiring pelvicaliceal repair (P = 0.62), and specimen weight (P = 0.49) were similar between the two groups. Similarly, the warm @entity3 time (P = 0.60), operative time (P = 0.15), @entity5 (P = 0.37), and intraoperative (P = 0.52), postoperative (P = 0.48), and late complication (P = 0.64) rates were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: LPN can be efficaciously performed in the presence of multiple renal vessels. Preoperative evaluation with three-dimensional computed tomography is recommended to have preoperative knowledge of the renal vasculature and thereby minimize @entity4 .

title: Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in the presence of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many reports about the preventative effects of inactivated @entity1 vaccine have been published, targeting @entity0 with underlying medical conditions. However, the effectiveness for severely @entity2 @entity0 / @entity0 (SMHPs) is not yet well established. METHODS: The study group consisted of 79 SMHPs (36 males and 43 females, aged 18-66 years), with long-term hospitalization in Niigata National Hospital. We compared serum antibody responses before and after two-doses vaccination. RESULTS: Before vaccination for the 2004-2005 season, SMHPs showed continuously high HAI titer in A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1)-strain from March to October in 2004. The seroprotection rates were increased after the first dose, but no remarkable change was seen after the second dose in all three strains. Subjects less than 30 years old (< or = 29 group) had a high antibody titers against all three strains compared with subjects aged >40 years old. On the other hand, in the seroconversion rates, there were no significant differences in age, gender, and severity of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: According to our study, SMHPs are low responders except < or = 29 group and the @entity1 vaccine effectiveness is more affected by their age than severity of symptoms. We suggest a recommendation for @entity1 vaccination especially in SMHPs; inactivated @entity1 virus vaccine (one dose) should be performed during the previous fall. In addition, further studies are needed about chemoprophylaxis, which can prevent @entity1 outbreaks in SMHPs.

title: Influenza vaccination in severely XXXX @entity0 / @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many reports about the preventative effects of inactivated @entity1 vaccine have been published, targeting @entity0 with underlying medical conditions. However, the effectiveness for severely @entity2 @entity0 / @entity0 (SMHPs) is not yet well established. METHODS: The study group consisted of 79 SMHPs (36 males and 43 females, aged 18-66 years), with long-term hospitalization in Niigata National Hospital. We compared serum antibody responses before and after two-doses vaccination. RESULTS: Before vaccination for the 2004-2005 season, SMHPs showed continuously high HAI titer in A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1)-strain from March to October in 2004. The seroprotection rates were increased after the first dose, but no remarkable change was seen after the second dose in all three strains. Subjects less than 30 years old (< or = 29 group) had a high antibody titers against all three strains compared with subjects aged >40 years old. On the other hand, in the seroconversion rates, there were no significant differences in age, gender, and severity of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: According to our study, SMHPs are low responders except < or = 29 group and the @entity1 vaccine effectiveness is more affected by their age than severity of symptoms. We suggest a recommendation for @entity1 vaccination especially in SMHPs; inactivated @entity1 virus vaccine (one dose) should be performed during the previous fall. In addition, further studies are needed about chemoprophylaxis, which can prevent @entity1 outbreaks in SMHPs.

title: Influenza vaccination in severely @entity2 XXXX / @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many reports about the preventative effects of inactivated @entity1 vaccine have been published, targeting @entity0 with underlying medical conditions. However, the effectiveness for severely @entity2 @entity0 / @entity0 (SMHPs) is not yet well established. METHODS: The study group consisted of 79 SMHPs (36 males and 43 females, aged 18-66 years), with long-term hospitalization in Niigata National Hospital. We compared serum antibody responses before and after two-doses vaccination. RESULTS: Before vaccination for the 2004-2005 season, SMHPs showed continuously high HAI titer in A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1)-strain from March to October in 2004. The seroprotection rates were increased after the first dose, but no remarkable change was seen after the second dose in all three strains. Subjects less than 30 years old (< or = 29 group) had a high antibody titers against all three strains compared with subjects aged >40 years old. On the other hand, in the seroconversion rates, there were no significant differences in age, gender, and severity of symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: According to our study, SMHPs are low responders except < or = 29 group and the @entity1 vaccine effectiveness is more affected by their age than severity of symptoms. We suggest a recommendation for @entity1 vaccination especially in SMHPs; inactivated @entity1 virus vaccine (one dose) should be performed during the previous fall. In addition, further studies are needed about chemoprophylaxis, which can prevent @entity1 outbreaks in SMHPs.

title: Influenza vaccination in severely @entity2 @entity0 / XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Induction of a profound @entity9 for emergency preservation and resuscitation in severe @entity4 can improve survival from lethal @entity2 , but the impact of @entity9 on @entity4 and infectious complications has not been completely determined. STUDY DESIGN: Uncontrolled @entity4 was induced in 26 @entity7 (95 to 135 lbs) by creating an iliac artery and @entity2 , and 30 minutes later, by lacerating the descending thoracic aorta. Through a left thoracotomy approach, profound total body @entity9 (10 degrees C) was induced (2 degrees C/min) by infusing cold organ preservation solution into the aorta. The experimental groups were: vascular @entity2 alone (group 1, n=10), vascular and @entity6 (group 2, n=8), and vascular, colon, and @entity2 (group 3, n=8). All @entity2 were repaired during 60 minutes of low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with hemodilution and profound @entity9 ; then the animals were slowly rewarmed (0.5 degrees C/min) back to normothermia. Survivors were monitored for 6 weeks for @entity1 , @entity0 , cognitive function (learning new skills), organ dysfunction, and septic complications. RESULTS: Six-week survival rates were 90% in group 1, 87.5% in group 2, and 75% in group 3 (p > 0.05). One animal in each group died from @entity5 during the early postoperative phase. Splenic salvage was possible in all animals, and none required complete splenectomy for @entity4 control. All surviving animals were neurologically intact, displayed normal learning capacity, and had no longterm organ dysfunction. None of the animals had @entity1 or experienced septic complications. One animal in group 3 died on the ninth postoperative day because of @entity8 ( @entity10 ). CONCLUSIONS: Induction of profound @entity9 can preserve the viability of key organs during repair of lethal @entity2 . This strategy can be used even in the presence of solid organ and bowel @entity2 to improve survival, without any considerable @entity3 rates.

title: Profound hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass facilitates survival without a high complication rate in a @entity7 model of complex vascular, splenic, and XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Induction of a profound @entity9 for emergency preservation and resuscitation in severe @entity4 can improve survival from lethal @entity2 , but the impact of @entity9 on @entity4 and infectious complications has not been completely determined. STUDY DESIGN: Uncontrolled @entity4 was induced in 26 @entity7 (95 to 135 lbs) by creating an iliac artery and @entity2 , and 30 minutes later, by lacerating the descending thoracic aorta. Through a left thoracotomy approach, profound total body @entity9 (10 degrees C) was induced (2 degrees C/min) by infusing cold organ preservation solution into the aorta. The experimental groups were: vascular @entity2 alone (group 1, n=10), vascular and @entity6 (group 2, n=8), and vascular, colon, and @entity2 (group 3, n=8). All @entity2 were repaired during 60 minutes of low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with hemodilution and profound @entity9 ; then the animals were slowly rewarmed (0.5 degrees C/min) back to normothermia. Survivors were monitored for 6 weeks for @entity1 , @entity0 , cognitive function (learning new skills), organ dysfunction, and septic complications. RESULTS: Six-week survival rates were 90% in group 1, 87.5% in group 2, and 75% in group 3 (p > 0.05). One animal in each group died from @entity5 during the early postoperative phase. Splenic salvage was possible in all animals, and none required complete splenectomy for @entity4 control. All surviving animals were neurologically intact, displayed normal learning capacity, and had no longterm organ dysfunction. None of the animals had @entity1 or experienced septic complications. One animal in group 3 died on the ninth postoperative day because of @entity8 ( @entity10 ). CONCLUSIONS: Induction of profound @entity9 can preserve the viability of key organs during repair of lethal @entity2 . This strategy can be used even in the presence of solid organ and bowel @entity2 to improve survival, without any considerable @entity3 rates.

title: Profound hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass facilitates survival without a high complication rate in a XXXX model of complex vascular, splenic, and @entity6 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: Side-to-end @entity3 using the descending colon has been proved to be as effective as J pouch in alleviating low anterior resection syndrome. However, using the sigmoid colon, which is less compliant for reconstruction after @entity1 surgery, is common in China due to less prevalence of @entity5 . The effectiveness of using the sigmoid colon for a side-to-end colorectal @entity3 in improving @entity2 after laparoscopic low anterior resection of @entity1 has not been investigated. This study was designed to compare the functional and surgical outcomes between the two anastomoses. METHODS: From October 2007 to December 2008, 16 @entity1 @entity0 underwent laparoscopic low anterior resection with short-armed (length of side limb 2-4 cm) side-to-end sigmoidorectal @entity3 at our department. The bowel functional results of these @entity0 at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively were recorded and compared with that of another 1:2 matched 30 @entity0 undergoing straight @entity3 . RESULTS: Bowel movement frequency in the side-to-end group was obviously less than that in the straight group 6 months postoperatively. @entity0 in the side-to-end group also had an improved @entity4 score, a better ability to defer defecation, and less repeated evacuation. No differences were found between two groups 1 year after surgery. CONCLUSION: The study shows that the short-armed side-to-end colorectal @entity3 using the sigmoid colon can also improve the short-term bowel function in @entity0 undergoing laparoscopic low anterior resection.

title: Better functional outcome provided by short-armed sigmoid colon-rectal side-to-end XXXX after laparoscopic low anterior resection: a match-paired retrospective study from China.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme ( @entity2 ) inhibitors and pharmacogenetic interaction on the survival of the @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). A total of 285 subjects with @entity1 confirmed by echocardiography were recruited in the period between 1995 and 2003. Baseline characteristics (age, sex, prior history, medication, and echocardiographic findings) and genetic polymorphisms ( @entity2 gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism; @entity9 , @entity4 , @entity11 , @entity8 , @entity10 , and @entity7 polymorphisms of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) gene; and @entity6 polymorphisms of the angiotensin II type I receptor ( @entity5 )) were collected and matched (by propensity score) in those who received and those who did not receive @entity2 inhibitors. The @entity0 were followed up to 10 years. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were used to demonstrate the survival trend. The 85 @entity0 who received @entity2 inhibitors and the other 85 @entity0 who did not were found to have comparable baseline characteristics and polymorphism distribution. Prescription of @entity2 inhibitors was associated with a significant decrease in overall mortality (hazard ratio (HR), 0.45; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.24-0.83; P=0.01), and a lower rate of cardiovascular events at 4000 days (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.32-0.90; P=0.02). In addition, @entity2 I/D gene D allele was associated with higher overall mortality as compared with the I allele (HR, 2.04; P=0.003). This effect was diminished in those who received @entity2 inhibitors. The use of @entity2 inhibitor was associated with a significant decrease in long-term mortality and cardiovascular events in the @entity0 with @entity1 . Genetic variants in the renin-angiotensin system genes were also associated, but their effects could be modified by the use of @entity2 inhibitors.

title: Demonstrating the pharmacogenetic effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on long-term prognosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent advances in genetics are particularly relevant in the field of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), where sub-microscopic deletions or duplications of genetic material are increasingly implicated as known or suspected causal factors. Data-driven reports on the impact of providing an aetiological explanation in @entity1 are needed to help justify widespread use of new and expensive genetic technologies. METHODS: We conducted a survey of caregivers on the value of a genetic/aetiologic diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), the most common microdeletion syndrome in @entity1 . We also surveyed the opinion of a high-functioning subset of adults with 22q11.2DS themselves. We used standard quantitative and qualitative methods to analyse the responses. RESULTS: In total, 73 of 118 surveys were returned (61.9%). There was convergence of quantitative and qualitative results, and consistency between adult @entity0 and caregiver responses. A definitive molecular diagnosis of 22q11.2DS was a critical event with diverse positive repercussions, even if occurring later in life. Frequently cited benefits included greater understanding and certainty, newfound sense of purpose and a platform for advocacy, and increased opportunities to optimise medical, social and educational needs. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to characterise the impact of a diagnosis of this representative microdeletion syndrome on adult @entity0 and their families. The results both validate and expand on the theoretical benefits proposed by clinicians and researchers. The use of genome-wide microarray technologies will provide an increasing number of molecular diagnoses. The importance of a diagnosis of 22q11.2DS demonstrated here therefore has implications for changing attitudes about molecular genetic diagnosis that could benefit individuals with @entity1 of currently unknown cause and their families.

title: Caregiver and adult XXXX perspectives on the importance of a diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 - @entity4 kinase 38 ( @entity10 ) is a member of the protein kinase A (PKA)/ @entity7 /PKC-like family. In the present study, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of @entity10 and assessed its role in the cellular stress response. Among various environmental stresses, @entity10 was specifically activated by @entity0 , and the @entity6 3-kinase inhibitor @entity5 or @entity3 inhibitor IV suppressed this activation. @entity10 was also activated by a constitutively active @entity3 or by @entity9 inhibitor VII. The phosphorylation level of @entity9 was correlated with the @entity10 activity, in response to various stimuli and in different cell lines. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that @entity9 physically interacted with @entity10 in cells. @entity9 overexpression inhibited the @entity0 -stimulated @entity10 activity. @entity9 phosphorylated @entity10 on residues S6 and T7 in vitro, depending largely on a PKA-mediated priming phosphorylation of @entity10 on residues @entity8 and @entity11 , respectively. @entity10 's @entity0 -stimulated activity was enhanced by @entity1 substitution at its priming sites and/or at S6 and T7, and it was partially reduced by a phosphomimetic mutation at S6 or T7. @entity10 knockdown enhanced the @entity0 -induced JNK phosphorylation and cell death. Our results indicate that that @entity9 inhibits @entity10 's full activation, and suggest that @entity10 activation is required to prevent cell death in response to oxidative stress.

title: @entity2 - XXXX kinase 38 is regulated by glycogen synthase kinase-3 and modulates oxidative stress-induced cell death.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 - @entity4 kinase 38 ( @entity10 ) is a member of the protein kinase A (PKA)/ @entity7 /PKC-like family. In the present study, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of @entity10 and assessed its role in the cellular stress response. Among various environmental stresses, @entity10 was specifically activated by @entity0 , and the @entity6 3-kinase inhibitor @entity5 or @entity3 inhibitor IV suppressed this activation. @entity10 was also activated by a constitutively active @entity3 or by @entity9 inhibitor VII. The phosphorylation level of @entity9 was correlated with the @entity10 activity, in response to various stimuli and in different cell lines. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that @entity9 physically interacted with @entity10 in cells. @entity9 overexpression inhibited the @entity0 -stimulated @entity10 activity. @entity9 phosphorylated @entity10 on residues S6 and T7 in vitro, depending largely on a PKA-mediated priming phosphorylation of @entity10 on residues @entity8 and @entity11 , respectively. @entity10 's @entity0 -stimulated activity was enhanced by @entity1 substitution at its priming sites and/or at S6 and T7, and it was partially reduced by a phosphomimetic mutation at S6 or T7. @entity10 knockdown enhanced the @entity0 -induced JNK phosphorylation and cell death. Our results indicate that that @entity9 inhibits @entity10 's full activation, and suggest that @entity10 activation is required to prevent cell death in response to oxidative stress.

title: XXXX - @entity4 kinase 38 is regulated by glycogen synthase kinase-3 and modulates oxidative stress-induced cell death.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Removal of the @entity5 is a routine approach. Polyps larger than 2 cm can not be removed in one piece, the piecemeal technique is to be applied for these cases. The risk for the complications ( @entity3 , perforation) and the @entity1 are higher, than in conventional cases. @entity0 AND METHOD: At the 1st Surgical Department of Semmelweis University the piecemeal technique have been used at 13 @entity0 , among others at five @entity0 who were declared for operation because of the size of the @entity4 in other institutions. The average size of the @entity4 was 3,5 cm. Ten @entity4 in the rectum, three in the sigmoid colon were found. RESULTS: The executing procedure required two sections in two cases. @entity3 started after the procedure in one @entity0 , which was successfully stopped by infiltration the basement of the @entity4 with adrenalin. The histology showed in situ @entity2 in two @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The risk of removal of large @entity5 could be undertaken at those endoscopic units where anesthesiologic and surgical background are present, and the @entity0 --in case of unsuccessful removal--could be treated with other minimal invasive therapy (laparoscopic colon resection).

title: [Piecemeal technique at the removal of large rectosigmoid XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 are usually benign @entity1 ; however, they can recur after surgical resection and occasionally show histological progression to a higher malignancy grade. Five such rare cases of aggressively recurring @entity4 were present in our departmental cohort of 923 primary @entity6 operated over a 17-year period. Four other aggressively recurring @entity6 with a very similar clinical and histomorphological appearance (three undifferentiated @entity3 , one @entity5 ) was also included in this study. We investigated whether disease progression can be traced by genetic alterations and whether a pattern of genetic alterations is specific for @entity4 . A total of 40 specimens from @entity1 and multiple recurrences of the nine @entity0 were analyzed with 26 polymorphic allelic markers for deletions on 1p, 1q, 9q, 10q, 14q, and 22q. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 22q was observed in all @entity4 cases at the earliest time point analyzed. Allelic loss at 1p was seen in the original @entity1 in two cases and upon @entity4 recurrence in two others. Deletion on 10q occurred during @entity1 progression in two cases, and on 9q and 14q in one case. While allelic loss at 22q appears to be an early event in aggressive @entity2 , there is a clear correlation of further deletions on chromosome arms 1p, 9q, 10q, and 14q with histopathological and clinical progression, as shown in these intraindividual trackings. None of these genetic findings were present in the non-meningiomatous @entity6 , indicating that meningothelial cells have their own lineage-specific genetic pathways towards clinical malignancy.

title: Allelic losses at 1p, 9q, 10q, 14q, and 22q in the progression of aggressive meningiomas and undifferentiated XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Advances in neonatal medicine have resulted in increased care of fetal and neonatal airways. These advances have required an exhaustive knowledge of fetal airway anatomy and development. The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical development of laryngotracheal structures during the fetal and immediate postnatal period and to correlate these observations with other fetal biometric parameters to estimate developmental particularities of the fetal airway. An anatomical prospective study was based on examination of larynx and @entity2 from 300 routine autopsies of fetuses and @entity0 , free of @entity1 and never intubated. Anatomical measurements of cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage, glottis, arytenoid cartilage and @entity2 were performed using a precision calliper and precision divider. Statistical analysis was performed to represent the growth of anatomical structures and to evaluate the correlation with biometric data. Raw data and 10th and 90th percentile curves were fitted satisfactorily with a linear model for gestational age. A linear relationship between laryngotracheal measurement and body weight and height was observed except for glottis length, interarytenoid distance and anterior cricoid height. The diameter of the cricoid lumen was significantly less than that of the @entity2 and glottis lumen. A sexual @entity3 was noted for thyroid cartilage measurements and interarytenoid distance, with measurements significantly smaller in females. This study reports the anatomical development of normal laryngotracheal structures during the fetal period. Despite the fact that this study was performed during postmortem examination, these observations can be useful to develop criteria, materials and surgical procedures adapted to fetal and neonatal airways as well as for the purposes of early diagnosis and management of @entity1 .

title: Prenatal and early postnatal morphogenesis and growth of XXXX laryngotracheal structures.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OPTIMAL TREATMENT: @entity6 is an @entity4 related to a recognized autoantigen. Treatment is aimed at providing symptomatic relief or a pathophysiological effect. The latter approach, with corticosteroid and immunosuppressor regimens, has proven to be effective, improving functional improvement, but at the cost of prolonged treatment over several years with the risk of major adverse effects. Indications and treatment modalities must be carefully weighed. INITIATING TREATMENT: The question is when to start @entity2 or immunosuppressors. A regimen should be initiated when, after all aggravating factors have been eliminated, a well-conducted anticholinesterase treatment remains ineffective with persistent major muscular @entity1 ( @entity5 , ventilation). @entity2 and immunosuppressors are also indicated if acute episodes occur, even if they regress. TREATMENT REGIMENS: To date, no controlled study has validated any particular therapeutic protocol. Both @entity2 and immunosuppressors are known to provide major improvement in 80% of @entity0 . No one immunosuppressor has been found to be more effective, but @entity3 is prescribed preferentially because of its lower profile of adverse effects. IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: Response is relatively rapid to @entity2 which are recommended in combination with @entity3 at treatment onset for more severe cases (brain stem signs or recurrent acute episodes) or secondarily in case of resistance to moderate dose @entity2 . In all cases, treatment must be prolonged for several years. Relapses are frequent after treatment withdrawal.

title: [Treatment of XXXX : role of corticoids and immunosuppressive agents].

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Failure to attain peak bone mass during adolescence may be an important contributor to the development of @entity2 . METHODS: This prospective, descriptive study evaluated the relationship between @entity2 risk factors and attainment of bone mass in 239 Wisconsin high school students. Students completed an annual risk assessment questionnaire that included questions about dairy intake, @entity1 use, and smoking. Heel @entity0 ( @entity0 ) was measured in the 9th grade (year 1) and 12th grade (year 4). RESULTS: A total of 109 students were included in the final analysis of a covariance model used to predict year 4 @entity0 . The model included separate year 1 @entity0 slope and intercept terms for males and females and indicator variables for adequate dairy intake and combined @entity1 habits or smoking habits (overall P<0.001, multiple r2=0.871). The predicted year 4 @entity0 for females was 0.07 g/cm2 plus 85.6% of their year 1 @entity0 . For males, predicted year 4 @entity0 was 0.008 g/cm2 plus 110% of their year 1 @entity0 . Self-reported dairy intake of > or = 4 servings per day was associated with a 0.032 g/cm2 increase in @entity0 , while self-reported smoking or @entity1 use was associated with a decrease in @entity0 of 0.028 g/cm2. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 or smoking had a significant negative effect on bone density, whereas adequate dairy intake (>4 servings per day) had a favorable effect in Wisconsin adolescents. Sex differences in bone density growth were clearly identified, with males tending to gain @entity0 and females tending to lose @entity0 by year 4.

title: Effects of gender, XXXX , smoking, and dairy consumption on bone mass in Wisconsin adolescents.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Monocytes may contribute to a coagulation process by expression of the tissue factor and by synthesizing factors V, VII, X and XIII. Cultured blood monocytes also express both the tissue plasminogen activator and the plasminogen activator inhibitor I. The present study assesses the ability of @entity0 monocytes to secrete protein C and its cofactor protein S, which are potent inhibitors of the clotting cascade. Monocytes derived from the blood of healthy volunteers and prepared according to Boyum were cultured for up to 36 hours with or without lipopolisaccharide from @entity1 . After different times of incubation, the concentrations of proteins C and S in the supernatants were measured in order to determine synthesis of proteins, monocytes were cultured in the presence or absence of @entity2 , the protein synthesis inhibitor. The concentration of protein C was estimated by means of the ELISA Protein C test (Boehringer Mannheim). Protein S concentrations were measured by rocket immunoelectrophoresis according to Laurell, using monospecific antisera (American Diagnostica Inc., N.Y.). The study showed that @entity0 monocytes, when stimulated by lipopolisaccharide, release proteins C and S in vitro. The concentration of these proteins in the culture supernatants markedly increased with time during the 36-hour observation. The supernatants obtained from the culture of unstimulated monocytes did not contain detectable quantities of the investigated proteins. The exposure of the cells to @entity2 did not suppress the release of proteins C and S. In conclusion, our results suggest that monocytes are not able to synthesize proteins C and S. They can only release these factors. Furthermore, monocytes may be responsible for coagulation due to the inactivation of factors Va and VIIIa by protein C.

title: Release of XXXX monocytes protein C and the cofactor protein S in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the reproductive fitness of mothers of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: A mail survey assessing pregnancy outcome was carried out among mothers of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 mothers) treated at a tertiary paediatric rheumatology centre. The best friends of the @entity4 mothers served as controls. Besides family history, sociodemographics and reproductive outcomes were measured, including the number of pregnancies, pregnancy complications and gestational age at the time of delivery. RESULTS: @entity4 mothers (n = 227) and controls (n = 235) had similar sociodemographics and racial backgrounds. On average, @entity4 mothers reported a greater number of conceptions than controls (3.5 vs 3.1; P = 0.01) but had significantly higher rates of pregnancy complications (25% vs 15%; P<0.001). Corrected for differences in the absolute number of pregnancies between groups, the chances of having a miscarriage [mean (s.d.), 0.12 (0.18) vs 0.09 (0.16); P = 0.02] or preterm delivery [0.08 (0.21) vs 0.04 (0.15); P<0.02] were significantly greater among @entity4 mothers than controls. CONCLUSIONS: Mothers of @entity0 with @entity4 have @entity2 . This phenomenon is unlikely to be the result of difficulty with conception but rather to be due to higher rates of @entity1 and @entity3 .

title: Impaired reproductive fitness in mothers of XXXX with juvenile autoimmune arthropathies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Chondrogenic promotion by rhGDF5 with or without rhTGFbeta3 was studied in pellet culture of @entity0 mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs). A synergy between rhGDF5 and rhTGFbeta3 was observed in promoting chondrogenesis. rhBMP2, rhBMP6, rhBMP7 and rhTGFbeta1 were further tested and showed the same effect. To explore the mechanism, the expression of TGFbetatype I and II receptors, @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity8 , TGFbetaRII, @entity2 , @entity7 was studied. @entity8 showed increase by the rhTGFbeta1 or rhTGFbeta3 treatment. @entity8 protein expression also showed increase by rhTGFbeta3. rhTGFbeta1/rhTGFbeta3 induced @entity8 up-regulation was inhibited by @entity6 , a TGFbeta type I receptor inhibitor. Chondrogenesis by rhTGFbetal/rhTGFbeta3 or the combination between rhTGFbetal/rhTGFbeta3 and rhGDF5 also was diminished by @entity6 . @entity4 /8 phosphorylation in nascent @entity0 mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs) was stimulated weakly by rhGDF5 but strongly by rhBMP7. The rhGDF5 stimulated @entity4 /8 phosphorylation was enhanced by rhTGFbetal/rhTGFbeta3 but inhibited by @entity6 . The rhBMP7 stimulated @entity4 /8 phosphorylation did not show influence by rhTGFbeta3 and @entity6 . Our results indicated the potential involvement of @entity8 activation by rhTGFbetas in the synergy between rhTGFbetas and rhBMPs.

title: Potential involvement of BMP receptor type IB activation in a synergistic effect of chondrogenic promotion between rhTGFbeta3 and rhGDF5 or rhBMP7 in XXXX mesenchymal stem cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity12 , due to amassing of fragments of light chains of IgG, often causes @entity1 . We describe a 65-year-old @entity0 with multiple @entity9 efficaciously treated with chemotherapy. @entity11 had been supported by myelic biopsy. The @entity0 came to our observation because of @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity7 : she was treated with a @entity6 i.v. and was in cachectic status. She had a moderate @entity10 . ECG showed reduction of QRS amplitude, I degree @entity4 , posterior @entity5 and @entity5 . Right cardiac catheterization showed a restrictive situation. After 1 week exitus occurred by @entity8 . In this case, there were other involvements by @entity11 , besides the cardia one: that of autonomic nervous system and, probably, surrenal.

title: [Case of XXXX associated with IgG-K multiple @entity9 in the framework of restrictive myocardiopathy].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity12 , due to amassing of fragments of light chains of IgG, often causes @entity1 . We describe a 65-year-old @entity0 with multiple @entity9 efficaciously treated with chemotherapy. @entity11 had been supported by myelic biopsy. The @entity0 came to our observation because of @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity7 : she was treated with a @entity6 i.v. and was in cachectic status. She had a moderate @entity10 . ECG showed reduction of QRS amplitude, I degree @entity4 , posterior @entity5 and @entity5 . Right cardiac catheterization showed a restrictive situation. After 1 week exitus occurred by @entity8 . In this case, there were other involvements by @entity11 , besides the cardia one: that of autonomic nervous system and, probably, surrenal.

title: [Case of @entity1 associated with IgG-K multiple XXXX in the framework of restrictive myocardiopathy].

answer: @entity9


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dosimetry of single fraction, single-isocenter intensity-modulated radiosurgery (IMRS) plans for multiple intracranial @entity0 and to compare @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Ten treatment plans with 3-6 brain @entity0 treated with IMRS were re-planned with @entity2 . The mean number of lesions was 5 and mean @entity1 22 cm(3). The prescribed dose was 16-20 Gy. The mean V100% was similar for IMRS and @entity2 , and the mean conformity index was 1.4, mean Paddick confirmity index was 0.7, and mean MDPD was 1.1 for both. The mean gradient index was similar for both. The mean 50% _isodose volume was 179.2 cm(3) for IMRS and 277.0 cm(3) for @entity2 (p=0.01). The mean maximum doses to organs at risk were lower for IMRS except brainstem and right optic nerve. For brain, the integral dose was 5.1 and 6.8 Gy-kg (p<0.001) and mean dose 4.0 and 5.4 Gy (p<0.001) for IMRS and @entity2 , respectively. The mean treatment times were 23 (IMRS) and 41 ( @entity2 ) minutes. Conformity and homogeneity indices were equivalent and sparing of the organs at risk was clinically acceptable for both IMRS and @entity2 . Though the gradient index was similar for IMRS and @entity2 , the mean 50% isodose volume and integral dose to normal brain were lower for IMRS as was treatment time.

title: Dosimetric comparison of intensity-modulated radiosurgery and helical tomotherapy for the treatment of multiple intracranial XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We performed a long-term retrospective investigation of pulmonary @entity2 complex (MAC) disease treated with combined chemotherapy following the ATS guideline or the Japanese Society for @entity1 guideline. We also studied when to terminate the combined chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subjects of this study consisted of 90 @entity0 who underwent combined chemotherapy according to these guidelines for minimum one-year period and followed up for at least one year since April, 1998. RESULTS: The mean @entity0 ' age was 64.8 years old and the gender distribution consisted of 34 males and 56 females. While the sputum negative conversion was observed in 54 of 90 @entity0 (60%), clinical improvement was recognized in 35 @entity0 (39%) following combined chemotherapy administered according to the guidelines. Out of 54 @entity0 with sputum conversion, 30 cases were followed up after the discontinuation of treatment, and sputum relapse later was seen in 18 @entity0 . Out of 24 @entity0 who continued the same treatment, sputum relapse was seen in 10 @entity0 . Out of 35 @entity0 with clinical improvement, 17 cases have been followed up after the discontinuation of treatment, clinical worsening was later recognized in 9 @entity0 . Out of 18 @entity0 who continued the same treatment, clinical worsening was recognized in 6 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: As the probability of sputum relapse after discontinuation of treatment was high even among @entity0 whose sputum converted to negative by combined treatment according to the guidelines, we think that it is better to continue treatment according to the guidelines as long as possible.

title: [Long-term observation of pulmonary XXXX complex disease treated with chemotherapy-- following the guidelines for treatment].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is a disease with a variable clinical course. The possible impact on oncological outcome of @entity2 has not been established yet, especially for @entity3 due to its low frequency, so that its clinical management is not well codified. The disease occurs more often already at an advanced stage of diagnosis, with clinically detectable @entity1 and advanced pathological stage, partly because of the lack of specific @entity1 markers, given the poor correlation between @entity4 and PSA values. In the period between 1997 and 2010 56 @entity0 with @entity4 on a total of 1265 new diagnoses of @entity1 were identified, for an overall incidence of 4.5%. 41 @entity0 (75%) had a @entity4 type II histology, while 15 @entity0 (25%) a @entity4 type I (pure form). Generally, a surgical treatment was carried out in @entity0 with life expectancy greater than 10/15 years/under 70 years of age, non-metastatic @entity1 and found to be liable to local resection; radiation therapy was given with 70 Gy in cases with a shorter life expectancy and/or an illness judged unresectable for local extension; hormonal therapy was indicated in all other clinical situations. For all @entity0 , the clinical and pathologic data and follow-ups were re-evaluated. The overall survival and disease-free survival were then analyzed. Given the low incidence of this pathology the relevant literature is poor and therefore the therapeutic approach is not univocal. This paper retrospectively reviews our experience with @entity2 .

title: [Ductal carcinoma of the prostate: impact on survival and therapeutic controversies of a rare XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: While in developed countries prenatal diagnosis is currently used to detect @entity2 ( @entity2 ) before birth, in developing countries only a minority of @entity0 with @entity2 is detected and few benefit from surgical treatment. Having created a referral unit for diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 in a resource-deprived country we designed a study aiming at describing the spectrum and characteristics of @entity2 and discuss the challenges of its management. POPULATION AND METHODS: We studied retrospectively all @entity0 assisted at a referral unit between 2001 and 2007, collecting epidemiological, clinical, echocardiographic and surgical data from hospital files. RESULTS: We studied 534 @entity0 with median age at diagnosis of 4 years (range 0-79); 296 were females (55.4%). Only 282 (52.8%) @entity0 were diagnosed under the age of two years, and complications were present in 155 (29.0%) at time of diagnosis. We operated 196 @entity0 with mean age of 8  10 years. Only 29 of the 111 complex defects were considered for surgery. The 30-days post-operative mortality was 8/196 (4.0%). The most important post-surgical complications were @entity4 (22). DISCUSSION: A pattern of late presentation accompanied by high rate of complications was found. In resource-deprived settings the approach to the management of @entity2 emphasizes the treatment of "curable" @entity3 . Surgery for @entity2 in these settings must be linked to early detection and a referral system in which general practitioners, pediatricians, obstetricians and cardiologists interact in the design and implementation protocols for diagnosis, management and follow-up of @entity0 .

title: Challenges on the management of XXXX in developing countries.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Lung inflammatory responses in the absence of @entity3 are considered to be one of primary mechanisms of ventilator-induced @entity6 . Here, we determined the role of calpain in the pathogenesis of @entity2 attributable to mechanical ventilation. Male C57BL/6J @entity1 were subjected to high (28 ml/kg) tidal volume ventilation for 2 h in the absence and presence of calpain inhibitor I (10 mg/kg). To address the isoform-specific functions of @entity11 and @entity12 during mechanical ventilation, we utilized a liposome-based delivery system to introduce small interfering RNAs targeting each isoform in pulmonary vasculature in vivo. Mechanical ventilation with high tidal volume induced rapid (within minutes) and persistent @entity2 as evidenced by neutrophil recruitment, production of @entity5 and @entity7 , pulmonary vascular hyperpermeability, and lung @entity0 formation. Pharmaceutical calpain inhibition significantly attenuated these inflammatory responses caused by @entity4 . Depletion of @entity11 or @entity12 had a protective effect against ventilator-induced lung inflammatory responses. Inhibition of calpain activity by means of siRNA silencing or pharmacological inhibition also reduced endothelial @entity8 (NO) synthase ( @entity10 )-mediated NO production and subsequent @entity9 phosphorylation following high tidal volume ventilation. These results suggest that calpain activation mediates @entity2 during ventilator-induced @entity6 via @entity10 /NO-dependent @entity9 phosphorylation and neutrophil recruitment. Inhibition of calpain activation may therefore provide a novel and promising strategy for the prevention and treatment of ventilator-induced @entity6 .

title: Activation of calpains mediates early lung neutrophilic inflammation in ventilator-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cell physiology is regulated along the 24-h time scale by a circadian timing system composed of molecular clocks within each cell and a central coordination system in the brain. The @entity0 molecular clock is made of interconnected molecular loops involving at least 12 circadian genes. The cellular clocks are coordinated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei, a hypothalamic pacemaker which also helps the organism adjust to environmental cycles. The rest-activity rhythm is a reliable marker of the circadian system function in both rodents and @entity0 . This circadian organization is responsible for predictable changes in the tolerability and efficacy of anticancer agents, and possibly also in @entity1 promotion or growth. METHODS: Expected least toxic times of chemotherapy were extrapolated from experimental models to @entity0 subjects with reference to the rest-activity cycle. The clinical relevance of the chronotherapy principle, i.e. treatment administration as a function of rhythms, has been demonstrated in randomized multicenter trials. RESULTS: Chronotherapeutic schedules have been used to safely document the activity of the association of @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity5 against metastatic @entity2 and to set up a new medicosurgical management of this disease which achieved unprecedented long term survival. CONCLUSION: The chronotherapy concept offers further promises for improving current @entity1 as well as for optimizing the development of new anticancer or supportive agents.

title: Chronotherapeutics: the relevance of timing in XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knee dislocations with @entity1 are rare and disabling if not treated. HYPOTHESIS: An en masse surgical technique to repair the lateral side will provide good stability, and the posterior cruciate ligament will heal when left in situ. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity0 underwent an en masse lateral side repair after knee dislocation injury; all but 1 @entity0 had anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Physical examination included the International Knee Documentation Committee score, isokinetic strength testing, KT-2000 arthrometer testing, radiography (including varus stress), and magnetic resonance imaging scan. @entity0 were evaluated subjectively with several surveys. RESULTS: Mean objective evaluation occurred for 17 @entity0 at 4.6 years postoperatively, and 21 subjective evaluations occurred for 21 @entity0 at 5.6 years postoperatively. The objective overall grade was normal for 10 @entity0 and nearly normal for 7 @entity0 . Lateral laxity was graded as normal in 15 @entity0 and 1+ in 2 @entity0 . The posterior drawer was normal in all but 3 @entity0 , who had 1+ posterior laxity. The postoperative varus stress radiography demonstrated a mean increase of 1.1 +/- 1.7 mm (range, -1.2-4.7) between knees. Magnetic resonance scans showed that the lateral side was thickened but intact in all @entity0 . The posterior cruciate ligament was viewed as healed or intact in all @entity0 but was sometimes seen as elongated or buckled. The mean subjective total scores were 91.3 points for the IKDC survey, 93.0 for the modified Noyes survey, and 8.0 for an activity score, but scores were higher for @entity0 who underwent surgery within 4 weeks from the injury. CONCLUSIONS: The en masse surgical technique to repair the lateral side combined with an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction after knee dislocation provides excellent long-term stability. The repaired lateral side and untreated posterior cruciate ligament heal with continuity. @entity0 can return to high levels of activity.

title: Knee dislocation with XXXX : results of an en masse surgical repair technique of the lateral side.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Snf1 protein kinase regulates responses to @entity3 limitation and other stresses. Snf1 activation requires phosphorylation of its T-loop @entity6 by partially redundant upstream kinases ( @entity10 , @entity11 , and @entity8 ). Under favorable conditions, Snf1 is turned off by @entity12 - @entity9 protein phosphatase. The @entity12 mutation causes increased Snf1 activation and slow growth. To identify new components of the Snf1 pathway, we searched for mutations that, like snf1, suppress @entity12 for the slow-growth phenotype. In addition to mutations in genes encoding known pathway components (SNF1, @entity13 , and @entity10 ), we recovered "fast" mutations, designated fst1 and fst2. Unusual morphology of the mutants in the   1278b strains employed here helped us identify fst1 and fst2 as mutations in the RasGAP genes @entity16 and @entity15 . Cells lacking @entity16 , @entity15 , or @entity14 , the negative regulatory subunit of @entity7 ( @entity1 )-dependent protein kinase A (PKA), exhibited reduced Snf1 pathway activation. Conversely, Snf1 activation was elevated in cells lacking the Gpr1 sugar receptor, which contributes to PKA signaling. We show that the Snf1-activating kinase @entity10 is phosphorylated in vivo on a conserved @entity4 (Ser1074) within an ideal PKA motif. However, this phosphorylation alone appears to play only a modest role in regulation, and @entity10 is not the only relevant target of the PKA pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that PKA, which integrates multiple regulatory inputs, could contribute to Snf1 regulation under various conditions via a complex mechanism. Our results also support the view that, like its @entity0 counterpart, @entity5 -activated protein kinase (AMPK), @entity2 Snf1 participates in metabolic checkpoint control that coordinates growth with nutrient availability.

title: Protein kinase A contributes to the negative control of Snf1 protein kinase in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The prognosis in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is guarded, with the 5-year mortality rate ranging from 14% to 50%, owing to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) or pump failure. The risk factors for @entity3 in adults with @entity2 include asymptomatic @entity4 and poor left ventricular function. It is unclear whether these findings can be extrapolated to the pediatric population. A retrospective review of all @entity0 with the diagnosis of @entity2 seen at a single institution from 1990 to 2004 was performed. A total of 85 @entity0 (46 males), with a median age of 3.8 years (0 days to 17.3 years) were studied. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 25 +/- 12% (median 23%, range 45% to 45%) at presentation. The following @entity1 occurred at presentation or during the initial hospitalization: @entity4 in 6, sustained @entity5 in 1, @entity1 in 6, and both @entity1 in 1. During a subsequent hospitalization or outpatient follow-up, 7 @entity0 had the following @entity1 : @entity1 in 2, @entity4 in 4, and both @entity1 in 1. The cumulative survival rate was 40% at a mean follow-up of 6.2 years (95% confidence interval 4.4 to 8.1). One single episode of @entity3 occurred in 1 @entity0 without a history of sustained @entity1 . In conclusion, in @entity0 with @entity2 , despite the low left ventricular ejection fraction and presence of @entity1 , only one episode of @entity3 occurred in this group of @entity0 . Given the 1% incidence of @entity3 in this cohort, the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators as primary prevention in @entity0 with @entity2 might not be indicated.

title: Frequency of cardiac death in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The prognosis in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is guarded, with the 5-year mortality rate ranging from 14% to 50%, owing to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) or pump failure. The risk factors for @entity3 in adults with @entity2 include asymptomatic @entity4 and poor left ventricular function. It is unclear whether these findings can be extrapolated to the pediatric population. A retrospective review of all @entity0 with the diagnosis of @entity2 seen at a single institution from 1990 to 2004 was performed. A total of 85 @entity0 (46 males), with a median age of 3.8 years (0 days to 17.3 years) were studied. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction was 25 +/- 12% (median 23%, range 45% to 45%) at presentation. The following @entity1 occurred at presentation or during the initial hospitalization: @entity4 in 6, sustained @entity5 in 1, @entity1 in 6, and both @entity1 in 1. During a subsequent hospitalization or outpatient follow-up, 7 @entity0 had the following @entity1 : @entity1 in 2, @entity4 in 4, and both @entity1 in 1. The cumulative survival rate was 40% at a mean follow-up of 6.2 years (95% confidence interval 4.4 to 8.1). One single episode of @entity3 occurred in 1 @entity0 without a history of sustained @entity1 . In conclusion, in @entity0 with @entity2 , despite the low left ventricular ejection fraction and presence of @entity1 , only one episode of @entity3 occurred in this group of @entity0 . Given the 1% incidence of @entity3 in this cohort, the use of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators as primary prevention in @entity0 with @entity2 might not be indicated.

title: Frequency of cardiac death in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The influence of @entity8 abuse on the severity of existing @entity7 and affective symptoms is still unclear. Among 470 consecutively admitted @entity7 or affective @entity0 , 54 active (in the previous month) @entity8 abusers were detected via urine tests (Sure Step TM kits; Applied Biotech Inc, San Diego, @entity12 ) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( @entity9 - IV) questionnaire. In 24 cases, substances other than @entity8 were abused; 392 @entity0 were nonabusers. All @entity0 were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity2 , Fourth Edition, criteria. The following rating scales were used: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-21), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). @entity8 abusers (n = 54) were significantly younger and more frequently males than nonuser @entity0 . In this group, there were more @entity4 @entity0 and fewer affective and @entity3 @entity0 (chi(2) = 11.76; P < .01). The double-diagnosed @entity0 had more prominent @entity7 symptoms than the nonusers (n = 392)-PANSS positive: 19.056 +/- 8.30 vs 16.128 +/- 8.031 (P < .02; t(446) = 2.510). The difference was statistically significant for hallucinatory behavior, excitement, grandiosity, and hostility. General PANSS scale rate of abusers was lower: 33.012 +/- 9.317 vs 37.3575 +/- 11.196 (P < .01; t = 2.727), especially for @entity6 , @entity3 , somatic concern, guilt feelings, @entity11 , @entity10 , and @entity1 . Rates of PANSS negative scale of abusers and nonusers were not significantly different (13.815 +/- 6.868 vs 14.983 +/- 6.446) except for lower rates of social withdrawal and stereotyped thinking for abusers. No significant difference in general level of @entity5 (YMRS) between abusers and nonusers was observed (6.778 +/- 10.826 vs 4.910 +/- 7.754), but severity of thought/language disturbances and poor insight was found significantly higher in the abusers. @entity8 abusers are obviously less depressive (HAM-D): 5.944 +/- 10.291 vs 12.896 +/- 13.946 (P < .0005, t = 3.535). Such differences were observed in the high number of the subscales. Abusers' rates were higher (although not significantly) for paranoid symptoms and general somatic symptoms. @entity8 possibly produces some antidepressive and anxiolytic effect on @entity7 and affective inpatients. The "price" of this effect is often an exacerbation of @entity7 and some @entity5 .

title: @entity8 and severity of psychotic and affective disorders in Israeli XXXX inpatients.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The influence of @entity8 abuse on the severity of existing @entity7 and affective symptoms is still unclear. Among 470 consecutively admitted @entity7 or affective @entity0 , 54 active (in the previous month) @entity8 abusers were detected via urine tests (Sure Step TM kits; Applied Biotech Inc, San Diego, @entity12 ) and Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( @entity9 - IV) questionnaire. In 24 cases, substances other than @entity8 were abused; 392 @entity0 were nonabusers. All @entity0 were diagnosed according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity2 , Fourth Edition, criteria. The following rating scales were used: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-21), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). @entity8 abusers (n = 54) were significantly younger and more frequently males than nonuser @entity0 . In this group, there were more @entity4 @entity0 and fewer affective and @entity3 @entity0 (chi(2) = 11.76; P < .01). The double-diagnosed @entity0 had more prominent @entity7 symptoms than the nonusers (n = 392)-PANSS positive: 19.056 +/- 8.30 vs 16.128 +/- 8.031 (P < .02; t(446) = 2.510). The difference was statistically significant for hallucinatory behavior, excitement, grandiosity, and hostility. General PANSS scale rate of abusers was lower: 33.012 +/- 9.317 vs 37.3575 +/- 11.196 (P < .01; t = 2.727), especially for @entity6 , @entity3 , somatic concern, guilt feelings, @entity11 , @entity10 , and @entity1 . Rates of PANSS negative scale of abusers and nonusers were not significantly different (13.815 +/- 6.868 vs 14.983 +/- 6.446) except for lower rates of social withdrawal and stereotyped thinking for abusers. No significant difference in general level of @entity5 (YMRS) between abusers and nonusers was observed (6.778 +/- 10.826 vs 4.910 +/- 7.754), but severity of thought/language disturbances and poor insight was found significantly higher in the abusers. @entity8 abusers are obviously less depressive (HAM-D): 5.944 +/- 10.291 vs 12.896 +/- 13.946 (P < .0005, t = 3.535). Such differences were observed in the high number of the subscales. Abusers' rates were higher (although not significantly) for paranoid symptoms and general somatic symptoms. @entity8 possibly produces some antidepressive and anxiolytic effect on @entity7 and affective inpatients. The "price" of this effect is often an exacerbation of @entity7 and some @entity5 .

title: XXXX and severity of psychotic and affective disorders in Israeli @entity2 inpatients.

answer: @entity8


abstract: A program to ensure an equivalent standard of care for all @entity1 with @entity0 was initiated in the Stockholm area in the mid 1970s. As part of an evaluation of this program, social gradients in clinical stage at presentation and survival were analyzed among @entity1 diagnosed during 1977 through 1997. The @entity1 (n = 15,021) were selected from a database covering about 88% of all diagnosed @entity0 cases in the region. Putative associations were analyzed between clinical stage, survival and different socioeconomic indicators (level of education, income and occupation). There were significant social differences (p < 0.01) in distribution of clinical stage as well as in total and stage-specific survival. High income, more skilled work and a high level of education were all associated with clinically less advanced @entity2 and hence better survival. However, stage-specific survival differences were mostly generated by differences in @entity2 mortality. The results indicate social inequalities regarding awareness of the disease and/or access to early detection. Social gradients in @entity2 mortality were also found to influence observed survival. In contrast, we observed no significant social differences in stage-specific @entity0 mortality.

title: Socioeconomic gradients in clinical stage at presentation and survival among XXXX @entity1 in the Stockholm area 1977-1997.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A program to ensure an equivalent standard of care for all @entity1 with @entity0 was initiated in the Stockholm area in the mid 1970s. As part of an evaluation of this program, social gradients in clinical stage at presentation and survival were analyzed among @entity1 diagnosed during 1977 through 1997. The @entity1 (n = 15,021) were selected from a database covering about 88% of all diagnosed @entity0 cases in the region. Putative associations were analyzed between clinical stage, survival and different socioeconomic indicators (level of education, income and occupation). There were significant social differences (p < 0.01) in distribution of clinical stage as well as in total and stage-specific survival. High income, more skilled work and a high level of education were all associated with clinically less advanced @entity2 and hence better survival. However, stage-specific survival differences were mostly generated by differences in @entity2 mortality. The results indicate social inequalities regarding awareness of the disease and/or access to early detection. Social gradients in @entity2 mortality were also found to influence observed survival. In contrast, we observed no significant social differences in stage-specific @entity0 mortality.

title: Socioeconomic gradients in clinical stage at presentation and survival among @entity0 XXXX in the Stockholm area 1977-1997.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Although the annual prevalence of physician-diagnosed @entity2 has been previously reported, the prevalence of @entity2 in the United States is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of @entity2 in the United States. A self-administered 10-item screening questionnaire regarding nasal symptoms was sent to representative households in the United States in January 2004. A total of 8,708 members (44.3%) reported nasal symptoms on > or =7 days in the past 12 months. The majority of these responders described their symptoms as seasonal or perennial @entity1 (n = 5,944) compared with cold or flu only (n = 1,841), cold or flu and @entity5 (n = 175), or @entity5 only (n = 748). The prevalence of self-reported seasonal and @entity4 on > or =7 days in the past 12 months was 30.2%, which corresponds to 89.6 million @entity0 in the United States. The prevalence of self-reported physician-diagnosed seasonal or @entity4 with symptoms on > or =7 days was 22%, or approximately 65 million @entity0 nationwide. Among responders with a higher burden of nasal symptoms (> or =30 days), the prevalence of physician-diagnosed @entity2 , @entity2 , or nasal @entity1 was 11.9% of the total population. The prevalence of nasal symptoms attributed to @entity3 related to seasonal and perennial @entity1 in the United States ranged between 11.9 and 30.2% depending on duration of symptoms and physician diagnosis. Almost one-half of Americans experience troublesome nasal symptoms on at least 7 days throughout the year, with most attributing their symptoms to @entity1 .

title: The prevalence of nasal symptoms attributed to @entity1 in the United States: findings from the burden of XXXX in an America survey.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Although the annual prevalence of physician-diagnosed @entity2 has been previously reported, the prevalence of @entity2 in the United States is uncertain. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of @entity2 in the United States. A self-administered 10-item screening questionnaire regarding nasal symptoms was sent to representative households in the United States in January 2004. A total of 8,708 members (44.3%) reported nasal symptoms on > or =7 days in the past 12 months. The majority of these responders described their symptoms as seasonal or perennial @entity1 (n = 5,944) compared with cold or flu only (n = 1,841), cold or flu and @entity5 (n = 175), or @entity5 only (n = 748). The prevalence of self-reported seasonal and @entity4 on > or =7 days in the past 12 months was 30.2%, which corresponds to 89.6 million @entity0 in the United States. The prevalence of self-reported physician-diagnosed seasonal or @entity4 with symptoms on > or =7 days was 22%, or approximately 65 million @entity0 nationwide. Among responders with a higher burden of nasal symptoms (> or =30 days), the prevalence of physician-diagnosed @entity2 , @entity2 , or nasal @entity1 was 11.9% of the total population. The prevalence of nasal symptoms attributed to @entity3 related to seasonal and perennial @entity1 in the United States ranged between 11.9 and 30.2% depending on duration of symptoms and physician diagnosis. Almost one-half of Americans experience troublesome nasal symptoms on at least 7 days throughout the year, with most attributing their symptoms to @entity1 .

title: The prevalence of nasal symptoms attributed to XXXX in the United States: findings from the burden of @entity3 in an America survey.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pancreatic @entity1 from @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a rare event and has not been reported in our country. We report a series of 3 @entity0 with metastatic @entity6 to the pancreas after radical nephrectomy at our institution. The published reports in the literature were reviewed, and the diagnosis, treatment as well as prognosis of this rare event were discussed. METHODS: The data of 3 @entity6 @entity0 with @entity1 to the pancreas were reviewed retrospectively, including radical nephrectomy, metastatic interval, the second and third surgical removal. Survival of the three @entity0 was analyzed and the reports in the literature were compared as well. RESULTS: The average interval from radical nephrectectomy to the comfirmed pancreatic @entity1 was 6.6 years (range, 1.2 to 12 years). The pathological stage revealed T2N0M0 (n = 2) or T3N0M0 (n = 1), with right-sided @entity2 in 2 @entity0 and left side in 1. One @entity0 was asymptomatic, while the other two cases were symptomatic at presentation, including upper @entity4 , @entity3 , slight xanthochromia of the skin and titillation, clay stool (n = 1); irregular fever, @entity3 and @entity5 (n = 1). All pancreatic @entity1 were hypervascular on arterial stage of CT imaging. One @entity0 had only a solitary pancreatic @entity1 (n = 1), the another showed two metastatic lesions (n = 1), the third one had multiple lesions (n = 1). Surgical removal was accomplished in 2 @entity0 : including pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy in one, and pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy together with partial tail resection in another one. The third one only received interventional therapy due to widespread extrapancreatic @entity1 , and died of disseminated disease 11 months after the therapy. One of the above two surgically treated @entity0 underwent the second removal due to local recurrence 2.5 years after the first removal of pancreatic @entity1 . These two @entity0 were still alive after follow-up of 8.6 years and 16.1 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity6 is an unpredictable @entity2 that may demonstrate very delayed @entity1 even from early-stage of the disease. The pancreas is a rare site of @entity1 from @entity6 . We advocate careful long-term follow-up of @entity0 with a history of @entity6 . Aggressive surgical management of pancreatic metastatic lesions may provide a chance of long-term survival.

title: [Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic @entity1 from XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pancreatic @entity1 from @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a rare event and has not been reported in our country. We report a series of 3 @entity0 with metastatic @entity6 to the pancreas after radical nephrectomy at our institution. The published reports in the literature were reviewed, and the diagnosis, treatment as well as prognosis of this rare event were discussed. METHODS: The data of 3 @entity6 @entity0 with @entity1 to the pancreas were reviewed retrospectively, including radical nephrectomy, metastatic interval, the second and third surgical removal. Survival of the three @entity0 was analyzed and the reports in the literature were compared as well. RESULTS: The average interval from radical nephrectectomy to the comfirmed pancreatic @entity1 was 6.6 years (range, 1.2 to 12 years). The pathological stage revealed T2N0M0 (n = 2) or T3N0M0 (n = 1), with right-sided @entity2 in 2 @entity0 and left side in 1. One @entity0 was asymptomatic, while the other two cases were symptomatic at presentation, including upper @entity4 , @entity3 , slight xanthochromia of the skin and titillation, clay stool (n = 1); irregular fever, @entity3 and @entity5 (n = 1). All pancreatic @entity1 were hypervascular on arterial stage of CT imaging. One @entity0 had only a solitary pancreatic @entity1 (n = 1), the another showed two metastatic lesions (n = 1), the third one had multiple lesions (n = 1). Surgical removal was accomplished in 2 @entity0 : including pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy in one, and pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy together with partial tail resection in another one. The third one only received interventional therapy due to widespread extrapancreatic @entity1 , and died of disseminated disease 11 months after the therapy. One of the above two surgically treated @entity0 underwent the second removal due to local recurrence 2.5 years after the first removal of pancreatic @entity1 . These two @entity0 were still alive after follow-up of 8.6 years and 16.1 years, respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity6 is an unpredictable @entity2 that may demonstrate very delayed @entity1 even from early-stage of the disease. The pancreas is a rare site of @entity1 from @entity6 . We advocate careful long-term follow-up of @entity0 with a history of @entity6 . Aggressive surgical management of pancreatic metastatic lesions may provide a chance of long-term survival.

title: [Diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic XXXX from @entity6 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: It has recently been shown that the addition of @entity1 ( @entity2 ) to lipidic implants fundamentally affects the resulting protein release kinetics and moreover, the underlying mass transport mechanisms (Herrmann, Winter, Mohl, F. Siepmann, _ J. Siepmann, J. Control. Release, 2007). However, it is yet unclear in which way @entity2 acts. It was the aim of this study to elucidate the effect of @entity2 in a mechanistic manner. MATERIALS AND METHODS: rh-interferon alpha-2a ( @entity4 )-loaded, @entity5 -based implants containing various amounts of @entity2 were prepared by compression. Protein and @entity2 release was monitored in @entity3 buffer pH 4.0 and pH 7.4. @entity4 solubility and stability were assessed by reverse phase and size exclusion HPLC, @entity0 PAGE, fluorescence and FTIR. RESULTS: Importantly, in presence of @entity2 @entity4 was drastically precipitated at pH 7.4. In contrast, at pH 4.0 up to a @entity2 concentration of 20% no precipitation occurred. These fundamental effects of @entity2 on protein solubility were reflected in the release kinetics of @entity4 from the tristearin implants: At pH 7.4 the protein release rates remained nearly constant over prolonged periods of time, whereas at pH 4.0 high initial bursts and continuously decreasing release rates were observed. Interestingly, it could be shown that @entity4 release was governed by pure diffusion at pH 4.0, irrespective of the @entity2 content of the matrices. In contrast, at pH 7.4 both--the limited solubility of the protein as well as diffusion through tortuous liquid-filled pores--are dominating. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time it is shown that the release of pharmaceutical proteins can be controlled by an in-situ precipitation within inert matrices.

title: New insight into the role of XXXX acting as protein release modifier in lipidic implants.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To better understand the characteristics and outcomes of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) over a 30-year period. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Subspecialty practice at a tertiary hospital. @entity0 : Fifty-six @entity0 diagnosed with FNS over a 30-year period. METHODS: Preoperative data (audiologic data, facial nerve [FN] function, and @entity0 symptoms), intraoperative data ( @entity1 location, total versus subtotal resection, and FN status), and postoperative data (audiologic data, FN function, and recurrence) were collected. Mann-Whitney and   2 analyses were done to determine which factors correlated with poor FN outcomes (defined as House-Brackmann >=  4). RESULTS: Of the 56 @entity0 in this study, 53 (94.6%) underwent surgical resection of their FNS. Of those @entity0 , 45 (84.9%) underwent total resection, and 8 (15.1%) underwent subtotal resection. Subtotal resection was associated with a statistically significant decreased risk of having postoperative HB grade >=  4 (odds ratio, 0.09; 95% confidence interval, 0.01-0.77; p = 0.028). Of those undergoing a subtotal resection, no @entity0 had further @entity1 growth seen on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (average time of last magnetic resonance imaging since operation, 44.9 mo). @entity1 location was not statistically associated with poor FN outcome (all p > 0.05). Preoperative FN @entity2 was the only preoperative clinical finding statistically associated with poor FN outcomes (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: We have identified multiple characteristics of FNS as well as multiple factors associated with increased statistical risk of poor FN outcomes.

title: Facial nerve outcomes in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: New flexible total ossicular prostheses with an integrated microjoint can compensate for large static displacements in the reconstructed ossicular chain. When properly designed, they can mimic the function of the joints of the intact chain and ensure good vibration transfer in both straight and bent conditions. BACKGROUND: Prosthesis dislocations and extrusions are frequently observed after middle ear surgery. They are mainly related to the altered distance between the coupling points because of large static eardrum displacements. METHODS: The new prostheses consist of 2 @entity1 shafts, which are incorporated into a @entity2 body. The sound transfer function and stapes footplate displacement at static loads were evaluated in @entity0 temporal bones after ossicular reconstruction using prostheses with 2 different @entity2 with different hardness values. The stiffness and bending characteristics of the prostheses were investigated with a quasi-static load. RESULTS: The sound transfer properties of the middle ears with the prostheses inserted under uncompressed conditions were comparable with those of ears with intact ossicular chains. The implant with the soft @entity2 had improved acoustic transfer characteristics over the implant with the hard @entity2 in a compressed state. In the quasi-static experiments, the minimum medial footplate displacement was found with the same implant. The bending characteristics depended on the @entity2 stiffness and correlated closely with the point and angle of the load incidence. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 prostheses with a resilient joint that were investigated in this study had good sound transfer characteristics under optimal conditions as well as in a compressed state. As a result of joint bending, the implants compensate for the small changes in length of the ossicular chain that occur under varying middle ear pressure. The implants require a stable support at the stapes footplate to function properly.

title: New total ossicular replacement prostheses with a resilient joint: experimental data from XXXX temporal bones.

answer: @entity0