abstract: To determine the frequency of @entity3 ( @entity1 ) in @entity0 and to compare the rate of progression of these conditions, we conducted a retrospective survey of 48 @entity0 who were seen with @entity1 before 1 year of age and who survived the first month of age. Seventeen @entity0 had recessive @entity1 ; six had dominant @entity1 . Eighteen @entity0 had insufficient data to categorize the type of @entity1 with certainty. Seven @entity0 were classified as "other"; three had @entity2 and the remainder had multiple @entity5 or @entity6 . Renal ultrasonography and excretory urography accurately detected 15 of 17 @entity0 with recessive @entity1 , but only one @entity0 with dominant @entity1 was correctly diagnosed by excretory urography. The majority of @entity0 in all groups required antihypertensive therapy. The 17 @entity0 with recessive @entity1 have been followed up for 6.1 +/- 4.3 (SD) years. Eight @entity0 are doing well. Two @entity0 have died; five others have required treatment for @entity4 . Only one @entity0 has an estimated glomerular filtration rate within the normal range after 6 years of age. Long-term evaluation of most of the @entity0 with dominant @entity1 is not yet available; however, by age 42 months one @entity0 has required dialysis. To provide optimum genetic counseling and accurate diagnosis for @entity0 with @entity1 , a combination of careful family evaluation, radiography, and liver or kidney biopsy is required. The outcome of @entity0 who survive the neonatal period appears not to be so grim as previously feared, underscoring the importance of aggressive supportive care and the need for physician and family education.

title: XXXX in the first year of life.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECT: The objective of this study was to identify specific independent risk factors for surgical site infections (SSIs) occurring after laminectomy or spinal fusion. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective case-control study of data obtained in @entity0 between 1996 and 1999 who had undergone laminectomy and/or spinal fusion. Forty-one @entity0 with SSI or @entity4 were identified, and data were compared with those acquired in 178 uninfected control @entity0 . Risk factors for SSI were determined using univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression. The spinal surgery-related SSI rate (incisional and organ space) during the 4-year study period was 2.8%. Independent risk factors for SSI identified by multivariate analysis were @entity2 (odds ratio [OR] 8.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.9-22.8), posterior approach (OR 8.2, 95% CI 2-33.5), procedure for @entity1 resection (OR 6.2, 95% CI 1.7-22.3), and @entity5 (OR 5.2, 95% CI 1.9-14.2). In @entity0 with SSI the postoperative hospital length of stay was significantly longer than that in uninfected @entity0 (median 6 and 3 days, respectively; p < 0.001) and were readmitted to the hospital for a median additional 6 days for treatment of their @entity3 . Repeated surgery due to the @entity3 was required in the majority (73%) of infected @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 , posterior approach, surgery for @entity1 resection, and @entity5 were independent risk factors predictive of SSI following spinal surgery. Interventions to reduce the risk for these potentially devastating infections need to be developed.

title: Risk factors for XXXX in spinal surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously showed that the progression of @entity3 in the Reversa @entity0 (Ldlr(-/- @entity4 /100Mttpfl/fl) Mx1Cre(+/+)) was arrested when the @entity1 was normalized by inactivating the gene for microsomal @entity2 transfer protein. Here, we tested whether @entity3 would regress if the lipid levels were reduced after advanced plaques formed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Reversa @entity0 were fed an atherogenic diet for 16 weeks. Plasma lipid levels were then reduced. Within 2 weeks, this reduction led to decreased monocyte-derived ( @entity6 (+)) cells in @entity3 and was associated with emigration of these cells out of plaques. In addition, the fall in lipid levels was accompanied by lower plaque lipid content and by reduced expression in plaque @entity6 (+) cells of inflammatory genes and higher expression of genes for markers of antiinflammatory M2 macrophages. Plaque composition was affected more than plaque size, with the decreased content of lipid and @entity6 (+) cells balanced by a higher content of collagen. When the reduced lipid level was combined with the administration of @entity5 to simulate the clinical aggressive lipid management and proliferator-activated receptor-y agonist treatment, the rate of depletion of plaque @entity6 (+) cells was unaffected, but there was a further increase in their expression of antiinflammatory macrophage markers. CONCLUSION: The Reversa @entity0 is a new model of @entity3 regression. After lipid lowering, favorable changes in plaque composition were independent of changes in size. In addition, plaque @entity6 (+) cells became less inflammatory, an effect enhanced by treatment with @entity5 .

title: Reversal of XXXX with a genetic switch favorably affects the content and inflammatory state of macrophages in @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: We previously showed that the progression of @entity3 in the Reversa @entity0 (Ldlr(-/- @entity4 /100Mttpfl/fl) Mx1Cre(+/+)) was arrested when the @entity1 was normalized by inactivating the gene for microsomal @entity2 transfer protein. Here, we tested whether @entity3 would regress if the lipid levels were reduced after advanced plaques formed. METHODS AND RESULTS: Reversa @entity0 were fed an atherogenic diet for 16 weeks. Plasma lipid levels were then reduced. Within 2 weeks, this reduction led to decreased monocyte-derived ( @entity6 (+)) cells in @entity3 and was associated with emigration of these cells out of plaques. In addition, the fall in lipid levels was accompanied by lower plaque lipid content and by reduced expression in plaque @entity6 (+) cells of inflammatory genes and higher expression of genes for markers of antiinflammatory M2 macrophages. Plaque composition was affected more than plaque size, with the decreased content of lipid and @entity6 (+) cells balanced by a higher content of collagen. When the reduced lipid level was combined with the administration of @entity5 to simulate the clinical aggressive lipid management and proliferator-activated receptor-y agonist treatment, the rate of depletion of plaque @entity6 (+) cells was unaffected, but there was a further increase in their expression of antiinflammatory macrophage markers. CONCLUSION: The Reversa @entity0 is a new model of @entity3 regression. After lipid lowering, favorable changes in plaque composition were independent of changes in size. In addition, plaque @entity6 (+) cells became less inflammatory, an effect enhanced by treatment with @entity5 .

title: Reversal of @entity1 with a genetic switch favorably affects the content and inflammatory state of macrophages in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The main objective was to determine the incidence and causative pathogens of @entity2 and @entity3 in Icelandic @entity0 , as well as presenting symptoms and diagnosis. METHODS: A nationwide retrospective review was done of all @entity0 <18 year old, 1996-2005. Subjects were divided into three equal age groups, 0-5, 6-11 and 12-17 years old. Cultures were reviewed and postive and negative cases compared. RESULTS: Over the study period 220 cases were identified, 161 @entity2 and 59 @entity3 cases. The incidence increased significantly over the period (p=0.019), mostly in the youngest age group (p<0.001) with @entity2 . Incidence of cases with a pathogen identified was unchanged over the period while culture negative cases increased significantly (p<0.001). Median age for @entity2 (6,1 years) was higher than in cases of septic arthitis (1,8 years) (p=0.003). A pathogen was identified in 59% of cases with @entity2 and 44% with @entity3 . @entity1 was most common (65% and 27%, respectively) and K. kingae was second most common pathogen (7% and 11%, respectively). Methicillin resistant @entity1 was not identified. The tibia and knee were the predominant sites for @entity2 and @entity3 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: An increased incidence was found in the youngest age group with @entity2 , especially in cases without a pathogen identified. The most commonly cultured pathogen was @entity1 , followed by K. kingae. A more sensitive technique to identify pathogens might be indicated in culture negative cases.

title: [Bacterial osteomyelitis and arthritis in Icelandic XXXX 1996-2005].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Foliar morphology and chemical composition were examined along a light gradient in the canopies of five deciduous temperate woody species, ranked according to shade-tolerance as Populus tremula L. < Fraxinus excelsior L. < Tilia cordata Mill. = Corylus avellana L. < Fagus sylvatica L. Foliar @entity0 was divided between structural (cell-wall polysaccharides, lignin) and nonstructural (proteins, @entity1 -soluble @entity2 , starch) fractions. Foliar morphology of all species was strongly affected by irradiance. Both leaf dry mass per area (M(A)), a product of leaf density and thickness, and leaf dry to fresh mass ratio (D(w)), characterizing the apoplastic leaf fraction, increased with increasing relative irradiance (I(sum), calculated as the weighted mean of fractional penetration of diffuse and direct irradiance). Though the relationships were qualitatively identical among the taxa, more shade-tolerant species generally had lower values of M(A) than shade-intolerant species, and their morphological relationships with irradiance were curvilinear; however, there were no signs of saturation even at the highest irradiances in shade-intolerant species. In all species, lignin concentrations increased and cell-wall polysaccharide concentrations decreased with increasing irradiance. Consequently, biomass investment in structural leaf components appeared to be relatively constant along light gradients. The relationship between irradiance and structural compounds tended to be asymptotic in the more shade-tolerant species, whereas M(A) was linearly correlated with concentrations of structural leaf components, suggesting that similar factors were responsible for the curvature in the morphological and chemical relationships with irradiance. Because lignin increases tissue elastic modulus thereby rendering leaves more resistant to low leaf water potentials, we conclude that changes in stoichiometry of cell wall components were related to foliage acclimation to the gradients of water deficit that develop in the canopy and inherently accompany light gradients. We also conclude that increased lignification decreased leaf expansion growth, and that species differences in lignification were partly responsible for the observed interspecific variability in morphological plasticity. Analysis of structural leaf compounds provided no indication of how shade-intolerant species with low investments in lignin acclimated to gradients of water availability in the canopy. Because shade-intolerant species generally had higher capacities for photosynthesis than shade-tolerant species, we postulated that they should also have a greater ability for osmotic adjustment of leaf water potential with photosynthates. The concentrations of soluble @entity2 increased with increasing irradiance in all species; however, the osmotic adjustment achieved in this way was similar in all species, except for shade-intolerant F. excelsior, which had a lower potential for osmotic adjustment with @entity2 than the other taxa. Although we did not determine whether the gradients of stem water potential and leaf water deficits were similar in canopies of different species, we demonstrated that water relations play a central role in determining foliar structure and composition along light gradients in the canopy.

title: Stoichiometry of foliar XXXX constituents varies along light gradients in temperate woody canopies: implications for foliage morphological plasticity.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Elevated plasma levels of @entity3 ( @entity7 ), known as @entity6 ( @entity6 ), are associated with @entity1 . A decrease in bone blood flow is a potential cause of compromised bone mechanical properties. Therefore, we hypothesized that @entity6 decreases bone blood flow and biomechanical properties. To test this hypothesis, male @entity0 were treated with @entity7 (0.67 g/L) in drinking water for 8 weeks. Age-matched @entity0 served as controls. At the end of the treatment period, the @entity0 were anesthetized. Blood samples were collected from experimental or control @entity0 . Biochemical turnover markers (body weight, @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity4 ) were measured. Systolic blood pressure was measured from the right carotid artery. Tibia blood flow was measured by laser Doppler flow probe. The results indicated that @entity7 levels were significantly higher in the @entity7 -treated group than in control @entity0 , whereas @entity5 levels were lower in the @entity7 -treated group compared with control @entity0 . There was no significant difference in @entity4 concentration and blood pressure in @entity7 -treated versus control @entity0 . The tibial blood flow index of the control group was significantly higher (0.78    0.09 flow unit) compared with the @entity7 -treated group (0.51    0.09). The tibial mass was 1.1    0.1 g in the control group and 0.9    0.1 in the @entity7 -treated group. The tibia bone density was unchanged in @entity7 -treated @entity0 . These results suggest that @entity7 causes a @entity2 , which contributes to compromised bone biomechanical properties.

title: XXXX decreases bone blood flow.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Nosocomial @entity7 is a common complication of @entity0 in ICUs. Its diagnosis is important, and early treatment is required to avoid serious complications such as @entity1 , @entity2 , @entity3 , and intracranial abscesses. AIM: To identify the germs causing @entity7 in ICUs by nasal swabs and maxillary sinus puncture, and to correlate these results. METHODS: ICU @entity0 with a diagnosis (CT confirmed) of @entity6 underwent nasal swab and puncture of the sinus to collect material for culture and antibiogram. RESULTS: This study evaluated 22 @entity0 . The microbial agent isolated in the swab correlated with the agent in the puncture in 14 of 22 cases (63%). Gram-negative bacteria were the most frequent, as follows: @entity5 (29% of punctures), following by @entity4 (26%) and @entity8 (14%). The resistance index in the antibiogram was high to antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Maxillary sinus puncture of ICU @entity0 with @entity7 appears to be the best method for identifying bacteria; antibiograms demonstrate resistance to therapy. The swab has little diagnostic value; the correlation was 63%. It may be used when sinus puncture is contraindicated.

title: [Nosocomial XXXX in an intensive care unit: a microbiological study].

answer: @entity7


abstract: We investigated how proximity to natural @entity0 springs affected the seasonal patterns of xylem @entity2 in Quercus ilex L., Quercus pubescens Willd., Fraxinus ornus L., Populus tremula L. and Arbutus unedo L., which differ in leaf phenology and wood anatomy. @entity2 was evaluated in both artificially dehydrated branches and in hydrated apical branches collected at monthly intervals during a 20-month sampling period. Initial specific @entity1 was also evaluated. We found species-dependent differences in xylem hydraulic properties in response to elevated @entity0 concentration. Populus tremula was the most embolized and A. unedo was the least embolized of the species examined. Effects of elevated @entity0 were significant in Q. pubescens, P. tremula and A. unedo, whereas the overall response to elevated @entity0 was less evident in F. ornus and Q. ilex. Specific @entity1 differed among species but not between sites, although the interaction between species and site was significant. Differences in xylem vulnerability between trees growing near to the @entity0 spring and those growing in control areas were small. Although differences in hydraulic properties in response to elevated @entity0 concentration were small, they may be of great importance in determining future community composition in Mediterranean-type forest ecosystems. The possible causes and ecological significance of such differences are discussed in relation to elevated @entity0 concentration and other environmental conditions.

title: XXXX and xylem vulnerability in deciduous and evergreen Mediterranean trees influenced by proximity to a carbon dioxide spring.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Stimulation electrodes are implanted under general anesthesia, without intra-operative electrophysiology or clinical testing, based only on stereotactic MRI and direct anatomical localization of the postero-ventro-basal @entity6 . We retrospectively analyzed the surgical procedure that has been designed and implemented in our center, using the Leksell G frame, for initiating deep brain stimulation in 65 @entity4 @entity0 . We report the surgical technique and the hardware and software complications. We recommend immediate postoperative stereotactic MRI under general anesthesia as a prerequisite to check the reliability of MR acquisition (magnet stability) and the exact localization of each electrode. This technique allowed us to reduce the duration of the operation to 4 h, including general anesthesia, frame fixation, MRI acquisition, implantation of two electrodes under radioscopic control, immediate postoperative stereotactic MRI and frame removal. Surgery-related morbidity was very low with a 0% @entity2 rate and three delayed @entity1 re-operated 6 months later. Hardware and software complications were rare. The advances in 3D-MR imaging permit the electrode implantation for deep brain stimulation without resorting to intraoperative localization techniques, which is especially helpful in @entity0 and for treating @entity3 . The maximum follow-up period is 58 months (first case: November 1996). @entity6 stimulation has proven to be an effective treatment for most @entity4 with particular efficacy in the disease due to the @entity5 mutation.

title: Deep brain stimulation for XXXX . Surgical technique.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECT: The authors conducted a study to identify the effectiveness and morbidity rate associated with treating cervicothoracic @entity1 ( @entity5 ) via a posterior approach. METHODS: Nineteen @entity0 underwent posterior cervicothoracic laminoforaminotomy during a 5.6-year period. Medical records, imaging studies, office charts, hospital records, and phone interview data were reviewed. Specific information analyzed included @entity0 demographics, side of lesion, and conservative treatment, symptoms, and pre- and @entity3 levels. @entity2 was rated using a visual analog scale and classified into a radicular and neck component. Data in 19 @entity0 (seven @entity0 and 12 @entity0 ) who underwent 20 procedures (one @entity0 underwent separate bilateral foraminotomies) were analyzed. The mean @entity0 age was 54.8 years (range 38-73 years), and the follow-up period ranged from 23 to 62 months. Symptom duration ranged from 1 to 14 months (mean 3.4 months) and consisted of @entity4 , @entity6 , and painful @entity5 in 11, 16, and 20 cases, respectively. Motor @entity4 was identified in 11 of 19 @entity0 (mean grade of 4.35), and postoperatively strength normalized in eight of 11 (mean grade of 4.79). The improvement in motor scores was significant (p = 0.007). @entity2 was the most common presenting symptom. @entity5 were rated between 0 and 10 (mean 7.45), and postoperatively scores were reduced to 0 to 3 (mean 0.2) which was significant (p < 0.0001). @entity7 was rated between 0 and 8 (mean 2.55), and on follow up ranged from 0 to 2 (mean 0.5), which was also significant (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Posterior cervicothoracic foraminotomy was a safe and effective procedure in the treatment of @entity0 with laterally located disc herniations.

title: Cervicothoracic XXXX treated using posterior cervical foraminotomy/discectomy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In @entity1 and @entity0 , terminal differentiation of uterine natural killer (uNK) cells commences during endometrial decidualization. Both proliferation and @entity2 are induced. Uterine NK cell precursors appear to home from secondary lymphoid organs to decidualizing uteri and localize mesometrially to the central decidua basalis, the site of maternal arterial modification at Gestation Days (gd) 9.5-10. In @entity1 , genetic absence of uNK cells results in absence of pregnancy-induced spiral artery modification. Administration of @entity2 to uNK-negative pregnant females induces arterial modifications without fetal loss. In this study, we investigated the roles of cytokines, known in other tissues to differentiate and activate NK cells, in induction of @entity2 production in normal @entity1 implantation sites. Fecundity evaluation, implantation site morphometry, and @entity2 quantification in interleukin (IL)-12p40(0/0), @entity3 (0/0), dual @entity4 (0/0)/ @entity3 (0/0) and congenic strains revealed the importance of both IL-12 and @entity3 in the induction of spiral artery modification and @entity2 synthesis. Immediately after implantation, @entity3 was localized transiently to decidual cells, but by gd8, @entity3 was produced solely by uNK cells, suggesting that early uNK cells are activated by stroma and lymphocyte-derived signals maintain later uNK cell activation. Mesometrial tissue of C57Bl/6J @entity1 was examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay in virgin, early postimplantation, and midgestation females for expression of the heterodimeric cytokines IL-23 (composed of @entity4 and a novel alpha chain), @entity6 (composed of two IL-12-related chains) and @entity7 . No expression was detected in virgin uteri. The four genes were induced by gd6, and uNK cells isolated from midgestation transcribed @entity5 and @entity7 . This study advances the understanding of uNK cell activation during normal pregnancy.

title: Analysis of cytokine regulators inducing interferon production by XXXX uterine natural killer cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There has been growing interest in the use of MRI in assessing @entity2 because of its lack of ionising radiation. Many MRI signs have been described in the literature, but their relative utility is unknown. METHODS: The MRIs of the bowel performed at 1.5 Tesla were blindly reviewed on 26 @entity0 with recent histology (surgery and/or colonoscopy and their associated reports) according to a dedicated pro forma. Each @entity0 's bowel was divided into nine segments. Each segment was assessed as to the presence or absence of 15 MRI signs described in the literature: abnormal @entity6 enhancement (both subjective and objective), wall @entity1 , fat @entity1 , fat proliferation, @entity4 , free fluid, wall nodularity, serosal blurring, mural thickening >4 mm, stricture, @entity5 , @entity3 , abscess and layered contrast enhancement. The results were compared against a histological gold standard with a six-point scale of disease severity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: MRI correctly identified all 15 @entity0 with at least established @entity7 , and three of eight with only mild @entity7 . Combining these results, a positive MRI correlated highly with at least early @entity7 (positive predictive value 95%), while the presence of established @entity7 was unlikely if MRI was negative (negative predictive value 100%). The MRI signs found to be the most sensitive for detecting active @entity2 were those related to the bowel wall, namely, wall thickening, nodularity, contrast enhancement and @entity1 . The most specific signs were the presence of @entity5 , layered contrast enhancement and complications ( @entity3 and abscess).

title: Relative efficacy of different MRI signs in diagnosing active XXXX , compared against a histological gold standard.

answer: @entity2


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The entire plant of Ajuga bracteosa Wall has been used to treat various @entity1 , including @entity2 , in Taiwan. AIM: This study evaluated the hepatoprotective ability of Ajuga bracteosa extract (ABE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the inhibitory action of a @entity7 fraction of ABE (ABCE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and Kupffer cells. @entity4 was induced in @entity0 through the administration of @entity9 twice a week for 8 weeks. @entity0 in three @entity9 groups were treated daily with water and ABE throughout the duration of the experiment. RESULTS: In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and Kupffer cells, ABCE inhibited the production of NO and/or @entity3 and also blocked the LPS-induced expression of NO synthase. ABCE inhibited the activation of NF-kB induced by LPS, associated with the abrogation of IkBa degradation, with a subsequent decrease in nuclear @entity6 and @entity5 protein levels. The phosphorylation of MAPKs in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was also suppressed using ABCE. In the in vivo study, ABE protected the liver from injury by reducing the activity of plasma aminotransferase, and by improving the histological architecture of the liver. RT-PCR analysis showed that ABE inhibited the hepatic mRNA expression of LPS binding protein, @entity8 , @entity3 , collagen(a1)(I), and a-smooth actin. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that ABE alleviated @entity9 -induced @entity4 , and that this protection is probably due to the suppression of macrophage activation.

title: Anti-inflammatory properties of Ajuga bracteosa in vivo and in vitro study and their effects on @entity0 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The entire plant of Ajuga bracteosa Wall has been used to treat various @entity1 , including @entity2 , in Taiwan. AIM: This study evaluated the hepatoprotective ability of Ajuga bracteosa extract (ABE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated the inhibitory action of a @entity7 fraction of ABE (ABCE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and Kupffer cells. @entity4 was induced in @entity0 through the administration of @entity9 twice a week for 8 weeks. @entity0 in three @entity9 groups were treated daily with water and ABE throughout the duration of the experiment. RESULTS: In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and Kupffer cells, ABCE inhibited the production of NO and/or @entity3 and also blocked the LPS-induced expression of NO synthase. ABCE inhibited the activation of NF-kB induced by LPS, associated with the abrogation of IkBa degradation, with a subsequent decrease in nuclear @entity6 and @entity5 protein levels. The phosphorylation of MAPKs in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells was also suppressed using ABCE. In the in vivo study, ABE protected the liver from injury by reducing the activity of plasma aminotransferase, and by improving the histological architecture of the liver. RT-PCR analysis showed that ABE inhibited the hepatic mRNA expression of LPS binding protein, @entity8 , @entity3 , collagen(a1)(I), and a-smooth actin. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that ABE alleviated @entity9 -induced @entity4 , and that this protection is probably due to the suppression of macrophage activation.

title: Anti-inflammatory properties of Ajuga bracteosa in vivo and in vitro study and their effects on XXXX model of @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Renal precipitation of @entity4 associated with @entity9 ( @entity9 ) is a major complication in the management of @entity6 , @entity5 , and other @entity1 . Management of hyperuricema has historically consisted of administration of @entity3 , hydration, alkalinization to maintain pH between 7.0 and 7.3, and in some cases diuresis. @entity3 , a @entity7 analogue, blocks @entity7 oxidase and formation of @entity4 . Urate oxidase converts @entity4 to @entity11 , which is 5-10 times more soluble than @entity4 . @entity0 cannot express urate oxidase because of a nonsense mutation. Urate oxidase was initially purified from @entity10 fungus. Treatment with this nonrecombinant product had been effective in preventing renal precipitation of @entity4 in @entity1 @entity0 , but was associated with a relatively high frequency of @entity2 . This enzyme was recently cloned from A. flavus and is now manufactured as a recombinant protein. Clinical trials have shown this drug to be more effective than @entity3 for prevention and treatment of @entity8 in @entity6 and @entity5 @entity0 . This drug has been approved in Europe as well as the US and several clinical trials are in progress to further determine its clinical utility in other @entity0 subsets. The purpose of this meeting was to discuss usefulness of recombinant urate oxidase, also known as rasburicase, Fasturtec, and Elitek, for the management of @entity9 in certain @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Elitek-rasburicase: an effective means to prevent and treat @entity8 associated with XXXX , a Meeting Report, Dallas, Texas, January 2002.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Renal precipitation of @entity4 associated with @entity9 ( @entity9 ) is a major complication in the management of @entity6 , @entity5 , and other @entity1 . Management of hyperuricema has historically consisted of administration of @entity3 , hydration, alkalinization to maintain pH between 7.0 and 7.3, and in some cases diuresis. @entity3 , a @entity7 analogue, blocks @entity7 oxidase and formation of @entity4 . Urate oxidase converts @entity4 to @entity11 , which is 5-10 times more soluble than @entity4 . @entity0 cannot express urate oxidase because of a nonsense mutation. Urate oxidase was initially purified from @entity10 fungus. Treatment with this nonrecombinant product had been effective in preventing renal precipitation of @entity4 in @entity1 @entity0 , but was associated with a relatively high frequency of @entity2 . This enzyme was recently cloned from A. flavus and is now manufactured as a recombinant protein. Clinical trials have shown this drug to be more effective than @entity3 for prevention and treatment of @entity8 in @entity6 and @entity5 @entity0 . This drug has been approved in Europe as well as the US and several clinical trials are in progress to further determine its clinical utility in other @entity0 subsets. The purpose of this meeting was to discuss usefulness of recombinant urate oxidase, also known as rasburicase, Fasturtec, and Elitek, for the management of @entity9 in certain @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Elitek-rasburicase: an effective means to prevent and treat XXXX associated with @entity9 , a Meeting Report, Dallas, Texas, January 2002.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity4 is comparatively prevalent, and it is important to perform careful palpation of the anterior neck when @entity0 are first examined. In this paper, the latest data on and clinical characteristics of the epidemiology of @entity3 are described. According to Japanese @entity1 statistics, in 1996, the number of cases of @entity3 was 1,390 @entity0 and 5,437 @entity0 . The female to male ratio was 3.91: 1. The crude rate of @entity3 per 100,000 population was 2.3 @entity0 and 8.5 @entity0 . The age-adjusted incidence rate showed a gradual increase with age, and the peak of the age-adjusted incidence rate was over 80 years old among @entity0 , and from 70 to 80 years old among @entity0 . According to the Japanese @entity3 Registration Committee, from 1977 to 1999, @entity7 accounted for more than 85% (30,256) of @entity3 among 35,312 @entity0 . @entity3 (1.4%) and @entity6 (1.6%) were rare. The female to male ratio of @entity3 was 6.1: 1. Registration was made in accordance with the general rules issued by the Japanese Society of Thyroid Surgery. According to the vital statistics, mortality related to @entity3 among all @entity1 -related deaths was 0.23% among @entity0 (411) and 0.76% among @entity0 (887) in 2000. The female to male ratio of mortality was 2.16: 1. The peak of mortality was from 70 to 80 years old among @entity0 , and from 80 to 90 years old among @entity0 . Most @entity0 with differentiated @entity3 had a low mortality rate, but @entity2 had a poor prognosis. Lung and bone were the main distant metastatic sites, and @entity5 was the most common specific fatal condition.

title: [Endocrine surgery. The ninth report: the latest data on and clinical characteristics of the epidemiology of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Previous studies with models of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) have demonstrated that leukocyte (PMN)-mediated @entity1 may be an initiating event in @entity3 (14, 17). Since heparin (H) can prevent @entity3 , we studied its effect on @entity4 and @entity2 in our model. Three groups of @entity0 were treated with H either sc (73 and 147 U/kg) or iv (662 U/kg). Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the 73 U/kg sc dose was ineffective. All veins had PMN accumulation, fibrin deposition and complex @entity2 formation. There was no increase in anti-Xa activity; activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) and whole blood clotting times were normal. The 147 U/kg sc and the intravenous dose did not inhibit PMN-mediated @entity1 . The endothelium was sloughed by migrating PMNs, basement membrane was exposed, and platelets adhered to it. @entity2 was completely absent in the iv dose group. This correlated with increased anti-Xa activity and prolonged APTT and whole blood clotting times. Our results indicate that heparin does not inhibit the PMN adhesion and migration which produces @entity4 . However, the anticoagulant activity of heparin effectively reduces fibrin deposition and complex @entity2 formation.

title: Heparin inhibits fibrin, but not leukocytes, in a model of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Effect of thermic and laser energy applied onto @entity0 in vivo gastric wall has not yet been reported in literature. In our study we evaluated the maximum amount of energy not harming the @entity0 as well as principles for secure and sufficient therapy. In 8 @entity0 hospitalized for gastric resection we applied vaporization by laser- and hydrothermosounds in this part of the stomach which should be resected. Endoscopic pictures were taken. We used a NdYAG laser (maximum performance 70 W, time of application 1-3 s) and hydrothermosounds (maximum performance 170 W, time of application 1-3 s). The stomach was resected 3-8 days following application. Comparing laser- and hydrothermosounds marks we observed a bigger area of @entity2 at hydrothermosounds marks using the same amount of energy. In histological investigation correlation between depth and diameter of @entity2 was found. After the same application time both depth and diameter of @entity2 were bigger by hydrothermosounds than by laser. Lesions reached serosa at the maximum time of application of 3 s. @entity3 itself did not appear. Endoscopic treatment of tissue lesion by laser and thermic irradiation (vaporization of bleeding polyp pedicles, treatment of @entity1 ) is secure using the maximum energy mentioned above. @entity3 did not appear. Bleeding lesions must be treated by higher energy because of absorption of energy by escaped blood.

title: [Effect of endoscopic hydrothermo- and laser coagulation on the XXXX stomach wall in vivo].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Extensive cytogenetic and molecular analyses have recently helped to gain a much better understanding of the biology of @entity1 . Early studies had suggested two different pathways of @entity1 development, one characterized by chromosome 9 losses and the other by @entity3 mutations. Subsequent studies have greatly expanded these data. Overall, there is compelling evidence for two entirely different @entity1 entities. One entity consists of genetically unstable @entity0 that have many cytogenetic alterations, including @entity3 alterations in about 50% of the cases. Other cytogenetic alterations that can be found frequently in these @entity0 are deletions of 8p, 9p, 11p, 11q, and Y as well as gains of 1q, 8q, 17q, and 20q. More than 20 chromosomal regions can undergo high level DNA amplification including 17q21 ( @entity4 ). Phenotypically, these @entity0 are characterized by a high degree of cytological atypia. Their growth pattern can be non-invasive flat ( @entity2 in situ), non-invasive papillary (pTaG3) or invasive (papillary or solid). The other, "benign" @entity1 entity is composed of @entity0 with a low level of genetic instability, a low number of cytogenetic alterations, and absence of @entity3 mutations. Morphologically, these @entity0 are papillary non-invasive @entity0 with a low degree of cytological atypia. Progression to invasively growing @entity2 is extremely rare. CONCLUSION: Molecular studies have revealed profound genetic differences between invasive and non-invasive @entity1 . This argues against the previously used combination of pTa and @entity5 @entity0 stages as "superficial @entity1 ". The high frequency of genetic alterations in invasive @entity2 enables a markedly improved detection of @entity1 cells in voided urine using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays.

title: [Molecular genetics of XXXX progression].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Delayed reactions to @entity7 contrast media (CM) account for 1-3% of @entity0 with adverse reactions to @entity7 CM. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of these reactions remain poorly documented. Although most of these reactions are T cell mediated, the involvement of dendritic cells (DC) has not been investigated sufficiently. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the T cell response to @entity11 requires DC as antigen-presenting cell and, more particularly, to evaluate the changes induced by @entity11 on DC maturation and in vitro production of cytokines after drug stimulation in @entity0 with @entity8 . METHODS: Peripheral blood lymphocytes, immature monocyte-derived DC (imDC) and skin biopsies were obtained from @entity0 with delayed reactions to @entity11 and tolerant subjects. We studied the consequences of the interaction between DC, lymphocytes and @entity11 by phenotype analysis, proliferation and cytokine production. RESULTS: A T-cell-mediated reaction was evidenced in @entity0 biopsies, with a lymphocyte-rich, peri-vascular infiltrate. @entity11 induced maturation of imDC from @entity0 but not from controls, with expression of the co-stimulatory markers @entity13 , @entity10 and @entity9 and an increase in mean fluorescence intensity of @entity12 , @entity10 and HLA-DR. In the absence of DC, positive cell proliferation to @entity11 was detected in only one @entity0 while the addition of DC produced a positive test in five of the six @entity0 . Similarly, the increase in cytokines ( @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity6 and @entity2 ) was higher when imDC were introduced into the culture together with the culprit drug. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results provide evidence for a DC-mediated mechanism in delayed @entity1 to CM, influencing T cell proliferation and cytokine production. These new insights will be helpful for designing immunotherapeutic strategies and in vitro diagnostic tests of CM-delayed reactions.

title: Recognition of XXXX by dendritic cells increases the cellular response in delayed @entity1 to contrast media.

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: Delayed reactions to @entity7 contrast media (CM) account for 1-3% of @entity0 with adverse reactions to @entity7 CM. The cellular and molecular mechanisms of these reactions remain poorly documented. Although most of these reactions are T cell mediated, the involvement of dendritic cells (DC) has not been investigated sufficiently. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the T cell response to @entity11 requires DC as antigen-presenting cell and, more particularly, to evaluate the changes induced by @entity11 on DC maturation and in vitro production of cytokines after drug stimulation in @entity0 with @entity8 . METHODS: Peripheral blood lymphocytes, immature monocyte-derived DC (imDC) and skin biopsies were obtained from @entity0 with delayed reactions to @entity11 and tolerant subjects. We studied the consequences of the interaction between DC, lymphocytes and @entity11 by phenotype analysis, proliferation and cytokine production. RESULTS: A T-cell-mediated reaction was evidenced in @entity0 biopsies, with a lymphocyte-rich, peri-vascular infiltrate. @entity11 induced maturation of imDC from @entity0 but not from controls, with expression of the co-stimulatory markers @entity13 , @entity10 and @entity9 and an increase in mean fluorescence intensity of @entity12 , @entity10 and HLA-DR. In the absence of DC, positive cell proliferation to @entity11 was detected in only one @entity0 while the addition of DC produced a positive test in five of the six @entity0 . Similarly, the increase in cytokines ( @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity6 and @entity2 ) was higher when imDC were introduced into the culture together with the culprit drug. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results provide evidence for a DC-mediated mechanism in delayed @entity1 to CM, influencing T cell proliferation and cytokine production. These new insights will be helpful for designing immunotherapeutic strategies and in vitro diagnostic tests of CM-delayed reactions.

title: Recognition of @entity11 by dendritic cells increases the cellular response in delayed XXXX to contrast media.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the capacity of Helical Hydro-CT to differentiate between benign and malignant gastric pathologies, and also to measure its usefulness in the staging of @entity2 . @entity0 AND DESIGN: We perform a cross-sectional study to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of CT, including @entity0 prospectively. We study 92 @entity0 with a clinical suspicion of gastric pathology using helical CT with a contrast agent (HCTC), water being the oral contrast agent, and i.v. @entity3 contrast. According to the findings of previous works, we considered stomachs to be normal when the thickness of their wall was less than or equal to 6 mm, with a multilayered appearance that stands out homogeneously with the i.v. contrast. @entity1 was diagnosed if the thickness of the wall was greater, together with strong marking by the contrast agent and loss of the normal multilayered pattern. Parietal thickening was classified as @entity6 if there was no excessive marking and no loss of the layered pattern. Masses with smooth borders, intraluminal growth and a rounded morphology were diagnosed as @entity1 . The results of our 92 studies were compared in all cases with the findings of endoscopic studies, while in the 52 @entity0 treated with surgery they were compared against surgical findings. RESULTS: In 12 of the 92 @entity0 studied using HCTC no gastric pathology was observed by CT or endoscopy. Of the 80 pathological cases CT was used to diagnose 29 as benign pathology, 19 of which were confirmed as such by histology, and 51 cases as malignant pathology, of which 49 were confirmed by histology. We obtained a sensitivity of 81.7% in the diagnosis of malignant pathology and a specificity of 90%, with a @entity4 of 96% and a NPV of 62%. Regarding @entity5 staging (in comparison with the 1997 @entity5 classification), the diagnostic reliability obtained amounted to 56% for T and N, and 87% for M. CONCLUSIONS: Helical hydro CT makes it possible to diagnose advanced @entity2 . Its usefulness basically lies in the evaluation of metastatic @entity1 . It has also been shown to be useful in the diagnosis of benign pathologies. It is not a good screening method for the diagnosis of @entity2 .

title: Helical CT of the stomach: differentiation between benign and malignant pathologies, together with the staging of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) established acceptable macronutrient distribution ranges (AMDR) for @entity6 and protein, however little is known about differences in glycemic regulations and metabolic signaling across this range. This study examined metabolic outcomes associated with intake of two diets differing in @entity3 :protein ratios representing the upper and lower ends of the AMDR. METHODS: Adult, male @entity0 were fed either a high @entity3 ( @entity2 ) diet (60% of energy from @entity6 , 12% protein, 28% fat; n = 30) or a high protein (PRO) diet (35% @entity3 , 35% protein, 30% fat; n = 30). @entity0 were meal-fed 3x/d the respective diets for 10 d and then terminated after overnight food deprivation or 30, 60, 90, 120 min post-prandial (PP). Plasma was collected at each of these points to provide a time course for @entity1 , insulin and C-peptide. Skeletal muscle and adipose tissues were collected at 0, 30 and 90 min for measurements of basal, early and delayed activation of @entity4 , @entity7 and @entity5 . Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The @entity2 group produced a consistently elevated response in plasma @entity1 , insulin and C-peptide following the meal through the 120 min time course. In addition, @entity4 and @entity5 activation in adipose was much higher than in skeletal muscle. Conversely, the PRO group PP @entity1 response was minimal and insulin maintained a response similar to a biphasic pattern. Tissue responses for the PRO group were greater for @entity4 and @entity7 signaling in skeletal muscle compared with adipose. CONCLUSION: Taken together these data suggest that altering @entity2 :PRO ratios within the AMDR produce different glycemic response patterns accompanied by differential metabolic signaling in skeletal muscle and adipose.

title: Increased ratio of dietary XXXX to protein shifts the focus of metabolic signaling from skeletal muscle to adipose.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Umbilical cord blood (UCB) provides a rich source of stem cells for transplantation after myeloablative therapy. One major disadvantage of UCB transplantation is delayed platelet engraftment. We propose to hasten platelet engraftment by expanding the number of megakaryocyte (MK) precursors ( @entity3 / @entity1 cells) through cytokine stimulation within a closed, pre-clinical liquid culture system. Clinical engraftment data suggest a 5- to 10-fold increase in MK precursors in a UCB unit can accelerate platelet engraftment, so this was our goal. Thirteen UCB samples from full-term births were Ficoll-separated and frozen for subsequent use. On thawing, the mononuclear cell population was positively selected for @entity3 (+) expression. The cells were cultured in gas-permeable Teflon-coated bags in serum-free medium containing the following cytokines: recombinant @entity0 @entity4 , recombinant @entity0 @entity6 , recombinant @entity0 @entity5 , and recombinant @entity0 @entity7 . MK lineage cell expansion was assessed using mononuclear cell count and flow cytometry ( @entity3 /41, @entity1 , @entity3 /61, and @entity2 expression) on days 7, 11, and 14. Optimal expansion of @entity3 /41 and @entity1 cells was observed at day 11, with a median 6-fold and 33-fold increase in the starting cell doses, respectively. @entity3 /61 and @entity2 cell expansion at day 11 was 7-fold and 14-fold, respectively. MK precursors can be successfully expanded from @entity3 (+) UCB cells in a closed liquid culture system using @entity4 , recombinant @entity0 @entity6 , recombinant @entity0 @entity5 , and recombinant @entity0 @entity7 to a level that should have a clinical impact in the transplantation setting. Our ex vivo expansion technique needs to be further optimized before it can be used in a pilot UCB transplantation trial.

title: Ex vivo expansion of megakaryocyte precursors from umbilical cord blood XXXX cells in a closed liquid culture system.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to document the clinical management of type 2 @entity1 and related complications in Canada's First Nations. METHODS: @entity0 were randomly selected from 19 communities. Data from charts from consenting @entity0 were collected. RESULTS: Of 885 @entity0 , 63.3% were female, mean age was 54.9 years and mean duration of T2DM was 11.2 years. Mean @entity8 was 8.2%; 61.1% of @entity0 had an @entity8 >7.0%; mean LDL was 2.4 mmol/L; 92.6% had @entity7 ; mean systolic BP was 132 mm Hg; mean diastolic BP was 76 mm Hg; 92.0% had @entity4 . Lipid-lowering medications were prescribed to 62.9% of those with @entity7 and an LDL-C >2.0 mmol/L. Of @entity4 @entity0 , 15.8% were not on an antihypertensive agent. For vascular protection, 55.1% were on a statin, 72.1% on an ACE inhibitor or ARB, and 64.5% on an anticoagulant. Smoking was documented in 39.4%, 92.1% were overweight/ @entity2 ; 55.1% had @entity6 , and 13.3% had @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Major care gaps were revealed, with most @entity0 not achieving glycemic, lipid and BP targets. Over half of this relatively young cohort had established microvascular disease. @entity3 rates may increase dramatically due to the high prevalence of risk factors.

title: Major gaps in XXXX clinical care among Canada's First Nations: results of the CIRCLE study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In the lower airways, macrophages are important regulators of @entity1 and indispensable in their antimicrobial activities. Thus, air pollution particles, which modulate airway macrophage host defenses may, in susceptible individuals, increase severity of inflammatory and infectious disease. In the present study, size fractionated, ultrafine (UF), fine (PM0.1-2.5), and coarse (PM2.5-10) particulate matter (PM) were collected from 2 urban sites in the Netherlands, and were compared for effects on @entity0 alveolar macrophages (AM). Inflammatory cytokine production, phagocytosis, and expression of phagocyte receptor @entity6 were assessed in particle-exposed AM. @entity4 levels induced by PM2.5-10 (20411 pg/mL) were > 10-fold higher than induced by PM0.1-2.5 (1781 pg/mL). Levels induced by PM0.1-2.5 were 2- to 3-fold higher than induced by UF (770 pg/mL) when cells were exposed to the same particle mass. Cytokine induction by the PM was inhibited by antibody to @entity5 and required the presence of serum for optimal stimulation, implying that bacterial products or endotoxin were stimulatory moieties in both coarse and fine particulate matter. Phagocytosis of opsonized @entity3 was inhibited by coarse more than by fine PM, as was @entity3 -induced oxidative burst. Coarse particles decreased @entity6 expression more than fine PM. The UF did not affect these functions. Taken together, these results suggest that PM recognition by @entity0 AM involves receptors evolved to recognize microbial cell structures, and that microbial products preferentially found in the coarse particle fraction of PM may be involved in inflammatory events and @entity2 associated with exposure to pollution particles.

title: Response of XXXX alveolar macrophages to ultrafine, fine, and coarse urban air pollution particles.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among troops training at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, from May through June 1997, to identify @entity1 caused by tick-borne pathogens. Serum samples were tested by IFAs for antibodies to selected @entity4 and Ehrlichia species and by an investigational EIA for spotted @entity0 group @entity4 lipopolysaccharide antigens. Of 1,067 guardsmen tested, 162 (15.2%) had antibodies to one or more pathogens. Of 93 guardsmen with paired serum samples, 33 seroconverted to @entity4 or spotted @entity0 group rickettsiae (SFGR) and five to Ehrlichia species. Most (84.8%) of the personnel who seroconverted to SFGR were detected only by EIA, and seropositivity was significantly associated with an illness compatible with a @entity3 . In addition, 34 (27%) of 126 subjects with detectable antibody titers reported a compatible illness. The primary risk factor for confirmed or probable disease was finding > 10 ticks on the body. @entity2 use and rolling up of long sleeves were protective against seropositivity. The risk of transmission of tick-borne pathogens at Fort Chaffee remains high, and use of the broadly reactive EIA suggests that previous investigations may have underestimated the risk for @entity1 by SFGR. Measures to prevent tick bite and associated disease may require reevaluation.

title: Fort Chaffee revisited: the epidemiology of XXXX at a natural focus.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The embryonic stem cell test (EST) is a validated method to assess the developmental @entity1 potency of chemicals. It was developed to reduce animal use and allow faster testing for hazard assessment. The cells used in this method are maintained and differentiated in media containing foetal calf serum. This animal product is of considerable variation in quality, and individual batches require extensive testing for their applicability in the EST. Moreover, its production involves a large number of foetuses and possible animal suffering. We demonstrate the serum-free medium and feeder cell-free maintenance of the @entity0 embryonic stem cell line D3 and investigate the use of specific growth factors for induction of cardiac differentiation. Using a combination of @entity4 , @entity3 , activin A and @entity2 , embryoid bodies efficiently differentiated into contracting myocardium. Additionally, examining levels of intracellular marker proteins by flow cytometry not only confirmed differentiation into cardiomyocytes, but demonstrated significant differentiation into neuronal cells in the same time frame. Thus, this approach might allow for simultaneous detection of developmental effects on both early mesodermal and neuroectodermal differentiation. The serum-free conditions for maintenance and differentiation of D3 cells described here enhance the transferability and standardisation and hence the performance of the EST.

title: Defined culture medium for stem cell differentiation: applicability of serum-free conditions in the XXXX embryonic stem cell test.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Leukotriene receptor antagonists have shown some efficacy in t he treatment of @entity2 . Injection of LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4 into the skin leads to a weal-and-flare reaction, suggesting an involvement of leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of @entity1 . Indeed, various reports have indicated a beneficial effect for leukotriene receptor antagonists in @entity0 with chronic @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the therapeutic effect of the leukotriene receptor antagonist @entity6 in @entity0 with chronic @entity1 . METHODS: The study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study lasting for 12 weeks. Fifty-two @entity0 with chronic @entity1 were investigated at a university hospital. The @entity0 were randomized to receive 20 mg @entity6 b.i.d. or placebo and cross-over was scheduled after 6 weeks. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by a daily symptom score, six physical examinations, the requirement of rescue @entity4 ( @entity5 ) and an overall assessment by the @entity0 andthe investigating physician. RESULTS: Forty-six @entity0 completed the study: @entity6 was well tolerated without alteration of the investigated laboratory parameters. In comparison with placebo, treatment with @entity6 resulted in no significant positive effect for any of the efficacy measures. Moreover, we were unable to identify any subgroup of @entity0 with chronic @entity1 responding with a therapeutic benefit. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3 receptor antagonist @entity6 does not provide a significant therapeutic benefit at a dose of 20 mg b.i.d. in @entity0 with chronic @entity1 .

title: XXXX has no beneficial effects in the treatment of chronic @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Leukotriene receptor antagonists have shown some efficacy in t he treatment of @entity2 . Injection of LTC4, LTD4 and LTE4 into the skin leads to a weal-and-flare reaction, suggesting an involvement of leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of @entity1 . Indeed, various reports have indicated a beneficial effect for leukotriene receptor antagonists in @entity0 with chronic @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To determine the therapeutic effect of the leukotriene receptor antagonist @entity6 in @entity0 with chronic @entity1 . METHODS: The study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study lasting for 12 weeks. Fifty-two @entity0 with chronic @entity1 were investigated at a university hospital. The @entity0 were randomized to receive 20 mg @entity6 b.i.d. or placebo and cross-over was scheduled after 6 weeks. The efficacy of the treatment was evaluated by a daily symptom score, six physical examinations, the requirement of rescue @entity4 ( @entity5 ) and an overall assessment by the @entity0 andthe investigating physician. RESULTS: Forty-six @entity0 completed the study: @entity6 was well tolerated without alteration of the investigated laboratory parameters. In comparison with placebo, treatment with @entity6 resulted in no significant positive effect for any of the efficacy measures. Moreover, we were unable to identify any subgroup of @entity0 with chronic @entity1 responding with a therapeutic benefit. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3 receptor antagonist @entity6 does not provide a significant therapeutic benefit at a dose of 20 mg b.i.d. in @entity0 with chronic @entity1 .

title: @entity6 has no beneficial effects in the treatment of chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Aqueous @entity3 was given to ten healthy male volunteers in a single oral dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight. Serum @entity3 levels were measured at various intervals up to 24 hours after administration of the drug as were blood pressure, heart rate, and PR interval. The pharmacokinetics followed a one-compartment model in six and two-compartment model in four subjects. The mean distribution half-life in the latter four subjects was 15.8 +/- 3.7 minutes (range, 10.4-18.8 min). In the ten subjects, the peak serum @entity3 level was attained in 20 to 45 minutes (mean, 32.5 +/- 9.5 min) and ranged from 136 to 701 ng/mL (mean, 332 +/- 180 ng/mL). The elimination half-life ranged from 2.8 to 4.8 hours (mean, 3.8 +/- 0.6 hr). The area under the concentration-time curve varied from 508 to 2,245 ng-hr/mL, indicating differing bioavailability. Slight but significant blood pressure reduction was seen only at one to three hours. Changes in heart rate were not significant at any measurement. Transient @entity2 , beginning at ten to 20 minutes after administration, was noted in nine subjects, reflecting the vasodilatory effect of the drug. Significant prolongation (greater than 10%) of PR intervals began at ten minutes in three, at 20 minutes in six, and at 30 minutes in one @entity0 , and progressed to second-degree Wenckebach @entity1 in six subjects 20 to 60 minutes after administration and third-degree @entity1 in one @entity0 45 minutes after dosing. These @entity1 resolved by the third hour without treatment, and PR prolongation resolved by the fifth to seventh hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of aqueous XXXX in healthy @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Aqueous @entity3 was given to ten healthy male volunteers in a single oral dose of 2.5 mg/kg body weight. Serum @entity3 levels were measured at various intervals up to 24 hours after administration of the drug as were blood pressure, heart rate, and PR interval. The pharmacokinetics followed a one-compartment model in six and two-compartment model in four subjects. The mean distribution half-life in the latter four subjects was 15.8 +/- 3.7 minutes (range, 10.4-18.8 min). In the ten subjects, the peak serum @entity3 level was attained in 20 to 45 minutes (mean, 32.5 +/- 9.5 min) and ranged from 136 to 701 ng/mL (mean, 332 +/- 180 ng/mL). The elimination half-life ranged from 2.8 to 4.8 hours (mean, 3.8 +/- 0.6 hr). The area under the concentration-time curve varied from 508 to 2,245 ng-hr/mL, indicating differing bioavailability. Slight but significant blood pressure reduction was seen only at one to three hours. Changes in heart rate were not significant at any measurement. Transient @entity2 , beginning at ten to 20 minutes after administration, was noted in nine subjects, reflecting the vasodilatory effect of the drug. Significant prolongation (greater than 10%) of PR intervals began at ten minutes in three, at 20 minutes in six, and at 30 minutes in one @entity0 , and progressed to second-degree Wenckebach @entity1 in six subjects 20 to 60 minutes after administration and third-degree @entity1 in one @entity0 45 minutes after dosing. These @entity1 resolved by the third hour without treatment, and PR prolongation resolved by the fifth to seventh hours.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic effects of aqueous @entity3 in healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Among the different surgical options proposed for the treatment of glottic neoplasms involving the anterior commissure is the Horizontal Glottectomy (HG) proposed in 1978 by Calearo and Teatini. This type of laryngectomy is now included with good reason among the reconstructive horizontal laryngectomies in that it calls for the complete removal of the vocal folds and corresponding thyroid cartilage, with reconstruction of the airways by means of a thyrocricopexy. The object of our study was to describe the indications, surgical technique and oncological and functional results on the basis of the experience acquired by the Authors in 21 @entity0 affected by @entity3 (juxta-commissural T1a with diffuse @entity4 of the contralateral cord and T1b infiltration to the anterior commissure) who underwent Horizontal Glottectomy (HG) according to the Calearo-Teatinin technique. For 3 of the 21 @entity0 , the follow-up was under 3 years; for 11 @entity0 it was over 5 years; and in 4 cases, it was over 10 years, with a survival rate at 5 years of 91.5%. There were 5 deaths (27.7%), 2 of which were due to non-neoplastic intervening causes, and 1 of which for a recurrence of N (5.5%) a year after surgery. In 3 @entity0 , @entity2 (radiotherapy) was carried out due to infiltration of the resection borders. With regard to the functional results, the naso-gastric tube was maintained for 8 days on average (min 4, max 12 days), and the tracheal cannula remained in situ an average of 11 days (min 7, max 19 days), while the average hospital stay was 9.3 days. The treatment options currently available for glottic @entity1 involving the anterior commissure may be divided among radiotherapy (RT), conventional surgery including vertical laryngectomies (Tucker's frontoanterior and Leroux-Robert's frontolateral laryngectomies) and horizontal laryngectomies (Calearo-Teatini's horizontal glottectomy, Majer-Piquet's crico-hyoido-epiglottopexy, and Labayle's crico-hyoidopexy), as well as endoscopic laser surgery. Each procedure is adopted on the basis of the experience and philosophy of the surgeon. For @entity1 involving the anterior commissure, our treatment protocol prescribes HG to be performed whenever possible, as its oncological and functional result have confirmed the validity of the procedure, as long as the indications are followed carefully. Furthermore, when compared to the frontolateral procedure, it provides similar oncological results, but being a much more economical operation on the vertical plane, it avoids stenotic complications, while, compared to the Majer-Piquet procedure, it allows easier and faster rehabilitation, even in elderly @entity0 .

title: [Horizontal glottectomy according to Calearo-Teatini for the treatment of XXXX involving the anterior commissure of the larynx: oncological and functional results].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The temporal and spatial patterns of development of radial glial processes in the @entity0 dentate gyrus have been studied in immunohistochemical preparations stained for the presence of either the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) or the vimentin-associated antigen R4. Additional electron microscopic (EM) observations were made from material prepared either immunohistochemically or by the Golgi method. R4 immunoreactive radial fibers were observed in the incipient dentate gyrus as early as E13 and by E14 the density of stained fibers was clearly higher in the anlage of the dentate gyrus than in the adjacent hippocampus. By E15 it was possible to identify in the EM the endfeet of radial glial cells that contained numerous glycogen particles. @entity1 -positive radial processes were first observed on E17; these processes tended to be of larger diameter than those stained with the R4 antibody, suggesting that they were among the more mature processes. The orientation of both the R4- and @entity1 -positive glial processes changed throughout the last week of embryonic life and by the end of the first postnatal week they formed a complex meshwork of intertwined processes. The distribution of their cell bodies also changed with time; initially their perikarya were located in the neuroepithelium at the lateral margin of the hippocampal primordium; later they were found mainly beneath the granule cell layer. Dividing cells that contained @entity1 were observed along the trajectory of the migrating granule cell precursors and in the hilus of the dentate gyrus; at later stages some @entity1 -positive mitotic figures were seen within and immediately below the granule cell layer. On the basis of these observations, we have attempted to reconstruct the role that radial glial processes play in the morphogenesis of the dentate gyrus. First, radial processes extend from the neuroepithelium to the pial surface prior to the migration of neurons that will form the dentate gyrus. These early generated glia appear to form the boundaries of the developing dentate gyrus and provide an internal lattice that may guide the initial wave of migrating progenitor cells. As the dentate gyrus enlarges, these early formed processes maintain their contacts along the hippocampal fissure and along the pial surface of the dentate anlage. Thus, with time they become increasingly distorted and are ultimately compressed into two bundles; one lies deep to the hippocampal fissure parallel to the granule cell layer and the other is located at the fimbriodentate juncture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Organization of radial glial cells during the development of the XXXX dentate gyrus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: This prospective phase II trial was performed to determine the efficacy and @entity1 of @entity5 , @entity7 and @entity4 combination chemotherapy for @entity0 with previously untreated stage IIIB or IV @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Between January 1999 and April 2001, 30 @entity0 with chemotherapy-naive stage IIIB or IV @entity6 were entered into this study. @entity5 at a dose of 7 mg/m2, @entity7 at a dose of 25 mg/m2 and @entity4 at a dose of 75 mg/m2 on day 1 and @entity7 at a dose of 25 mg/m2 on day 8 were administered. This regimen was repeated every 4 weeks. RESULTS: 29 @entity0 out of 30 @entity0 were assessable. Among the assessable @entity0 , 15 (51.7%) @entity0 had a partial response. The median duration of response and survival was 22 weeks and 39 weeks, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 @entity8 and @entity3 were observed in 28.3% and 4.7% of all the cycles, respectively. @entity2 and vomiting of grade 3 occurred only in 2.4% of all the cycles. CONCLUSION: The regimen of @entity5 , @entity7 and @entity4 for @entity6 is active against advanced @entity6 with tolerable @entity1 .

title: A phase II study of @entity7 , @entity5 and XXXX chemotherapy for advanced @entity6 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: This prospective phase II trial was performed to determine the efficacy and @entity1 of @entity5 , @entity7 and @entity4 combination chemotherapy for @entity0 with previously untreated stage IIIB or IV @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Between January 1999 and April 2001, 30 @entity0 with chemotherapy-naive stage IIIB or IV @entity6 were entered into this study. @entity5 at a dose of 7 mg/m2, @entity7 at a dose of 25 mg/m2 and @entity4 at a dose of 75 mg/m2 on day 1 and @entity7 at a dose of 25 mg/m2 on day 8 were administered. This regimen was repeated every 4 weeks. RESULTS: 29 @entity0 out of 30 @entity0 were assessable. Among the assessable @entity0 , 15 (51.7%) @entity0 had a partial response. The median duration of response and survival was 22 weeks and 39 weeks, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 @entity8 and @entity3 were observed in 28.3% and 4.7% of all the cycles, respectively. @entity2 and vomiting of grade 3 occurred only in 2.4% of all the cycles. CONCLUSION: The regimen of @entity5 , @entity7 and @entity4 for @entity6 is active against advanced @entity6 with tolerable @entity1 .

title: A phase II study of @entity7 , XXXX and @entity4 chemotherapy for advanced @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: This prospective phase II trial was performed to determine the efficacy and @entity1 of @entity5 , @entity7 and @entity4 combination chemotherapy for @entity0 with previously untreated stage IIIB or IV @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Between January 1999 and April 2001, 30 @entity0 with chemotherapy-naive stage IIIB or IV @entity6 were entered into this study. @entity5 at a dose of 7 mg/m2, @entity7 at a dose of 25 mg/m2 and @entity4 at a dose of 75 mg/m2 on day 1 and @entity7 at a dose of 25 mg/m2 on day 8 were administered. This regimen was repeated every 4 weeks. RESULTS: 29 @entity0 out of 30 @entity0 were assessable. Among the assessable @entity0 , 15 (51.7%) @entity0 had a partial response. The median duration of response and survival was 22 weeks and 39 weeks, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 @entity8 and @entity3 were observed in 28.3% and 4.7% of all the cycles, respectively. @entity2 and vomiting of grade 3 occurred only in 2.4% of all the cycles. CONCLUSION: The regimen of @entity5 , @entity7 and @entity4 for @entity6 is active against advanced @entity6 with tolerable @entity1 .

title: A phase II study of XXXX , @entity5 and @entity4 chemotherapy for advanced @entity6 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: This prospective phase II trial was performed to determine the efficacy and @entity1 of @entity5 , @entity7 and @entity4 combination chemotherapy for @entity0 with previously untreated stage IIIB or IV @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Between January 1999 and April 2001, 30 @entity0 with chemotherapy-naive stage IIIB or IV @entity6 were entered into this study. @entity5 at a dose of 7 mg/m2, @entity7 at a dose of 25 mg/m2 and @entity4 at a dose of 75 mg/m2 on day 1 and @entity7 at a dose of 25 mg/m2 on day 8 were administered. This regimen was repeated every 4 weeks. RESULTS: 29 @entity0 out of 30 @entity0 were assessable. Among the assessable @entity0 , 15 (51.7%) @entity0 had a partial response. The median duration of response and survival was 22 weeks and 39 weeks, respectively. Grade 3 or 4 @entity8 and @entity3 were observed in 28.3% and 4.7% of all the cycles, respectively. @entity2 and vomiting of grade 3 occurred only in 2.4% of all the cycles. CONCLUSION: The regimen of @entity5 , @entity7 and @entity4 for @entity6 is active against advanced @entity6 with tolerable @entity1 .

title: A phase II study of @entity7 , @entity5 and @entity4 chemotherapy for advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pulmonary inflammatory @entity6 is an uncommon benign lesion of the lung. In Korea, most literature of the @entity5 was case reports. METHODS: We collected 28 cases of @entity5 in Korea. This collective series included 4 cases from our hospital and 24 cases were reviewed from the literature since 1977. The analysis involved the age, sex, chief complaint, hematologic examination, size and location of the lesion, cavity formation, presence of calcification and treatment method. RESULTS: Male was more prevalent (81.5%) than female and mean age was 37.9 years old (6-63 yrs). Chief complaints were cough (44.4%), @entity3 (29.6%), fever (22.2%), hemoptysis (15%), sputum (15%) and @entity4 (11.1%). There were asymptomatic cases in 11.1%. Hematologic examination revealed normal finding (53.3%) and @entity2 (20%). The mean size of the lesion was 4.76 cm (1.5-14 cm) and the locations were parenchymal (85.7%), endobronchial (10.7%) and endotracheal (3.6%). Except the endotracheal case, the lesions were in the right (46.4%), the left (42.8%) and bilateral (7.1%). Calcifications (18.5%) and cavitations (11.1%) were present. Diagnostic methods were open thoracotomy (82.1%), bronchoscopy (3.6%), needle aspiration biopsy (7.1%) and core needle gun biopsy (7.1%). Treatments were surgery (85.2%), @entity1 therapy (7.4%), rigid bronchoscopic removal (3.7%) and observation (3.7%). Postoperative recurrence occurred in only 1 case (4.3%). CONCLUSION: Pulmonary inflammatory @entity6 was more prevalent in the male, and @entity0 presented with the respiratory symptoms were common. It was necessary to do surgery in most cases for diagnosis and/or treatment.

title: Pulmonary inflammatory XXXX --a report of 28 cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Recent studies have shown that @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is clinically and genotypically a distinct entity. @entity5 account for about 10-15% of @entity3 . Macroscopically, the cut surface is yellow or brown in color and large @entity0 frequently show cystic change. @entity2 and @entity1 are common. Histologically, Delahunt and Eble have classified @entity5 (small cells, single layer) and type 2 (large cells, pseudostratification) according to the cytoplasmic volume and thickness of the lining cells. In chromosomal analysis, gain of chromosomes 7 and 17, loss of Y chromosome and additional gains (chromosome 3q, 8p, 12q, 16q and 20q) are frequently found in type 1 @entity5 , but the @entity6 @entity5 seems to be more heterogenous than that of type 1 @entity5 . Mutations of MET proto-oncogenes in some cases of both hereditary and sporadic @entity5 have recently been detected. Furthermore, all hereditary and sporadic @entity5 with MET proto-oncogene show type 1 histological features. Type 1 @entity5 generally seem to have a favorable prognosis, but type 2 @entity0 have a worse prognosis than do type 1 @entity0 . @entity5 with @entity0 with predisposition to @entity7 and @entity5 , the histological features of which are basically different from those of usual @entity5 , have also been recently reported. Since @entity5 seem to constitute clinically, histologically, and even genetically more heterogenous groups than previously thought, further investigations are needed to characterize the subtype of papillary @entity4 .

title: Review of XXXX with focus on clinical and pathobiological aspects.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Sensory neurones in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of the neonatal @entity1 express the 75-kDa low-affinity neurotrophin receptor ( @entity4 ) and these neurones degenerate rapidly after axotomy. @entity4 belongs to the @entity0 @entity2 factor superfamily, several members of which have a role in cell @entity3 and it is constitutively expressed within a subpopulation of DRG neurones. @entity4 has been implicated in mediating the degeneration of these neurones after axotomy. In this study, we characterize the expression of @entity4 in sensory neurones of the newborn @entity1 DRG using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we investigate the change in constitutive expression pattern of @entity4 in these neurones following axotomy. In the C7 and C8 DRG of the newborn @entity1 , @entity4 is expressed in approximately 70% of DRG neurones. Those expressing @entity4 can be classified into subpopulations with moderate or intense @entity4 expression, each present in approximately equal proportions. Whilst @entity4 expression is observed in neurones throughout the entire neuronal diameter range, a correlation exists between neuronal diameter and @entity4 expression intensity. We also found that the most vulnerable population following axotomy were those sensory neurones which constitutively express the highest levels of @entity4 , i.e. the large-diameter neurones.

title: Constitutive expression of the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor and changes during axotomy-induced XXXX of sensory neurones in the neonatal @entity1 dorsal root ganglion.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Sensory neurones in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of the neonatal @entity1 express the 75-kDa low-affinity neurotrophin receptor ( @entity4 ) and these neurones degenerate rapidly after axotomy. @entity4 belongs to the @entity0 @entity2 factor superfamily, several members of which have a role in cell @entity3 and it is constitutively expressed within a subpopulation of DRG neurones. @entity4 has been implicated in mediating the degeneration of these neurones after axotomy. In this study, we characterize the expression of @entity4 in sensory neurones of the newborn @entity1 DRG using immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we investigate the change in constitutive expression pattern of @entity4 in these neurones following axotomy. In the C7 and C8 DRG of the newborn @entity1 , @entity4 is expressed in approximately 70% of DRG neurones. Those expressing @entity4 can be classified into subpopulations with moderate or intense @entity4 expression, each present in approximately equal proportions. Whilst @entity4 expression is observed in neurones throughout the entire neuronal diameter range, a correlation exists between neuronal diameter and @entity4 expression intensity. We also found that the most vulnerable population following axotomy were those sensory neurones which constitutively express the highest levels of @entity4 , i.e. the large-diameter neurones.

title: Constitutive expression of the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor and changes during axotomy-induced @entity3 of sensory neurones in the neonatal XXXX dorsal root ganglion.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 of unknown primary site occupies 0.5-10% of all diagnosed @entity1 @entity0 and includes @entity1 with diverse responses to systemic chemotherapy. @entity2 of unknown primary site (ACUPS), the most common subtype, has no standard treatment, rarely responds to conventional treatment and has a poor survival rate. METHODS: The retrospective study was performed to investigate the clinical characteristics and the treatment outcomes of ACUPS. RESULTS: Eighty-one @entity0 with ACUPS diagnosed at Samsung Medical Center from May 1995 to July 1999 were included. The median age was 58 years (range, 29-77). The common sites of metastases were the lymph node, liver, lung and bone in order. In 49 of 81 @entity0 (60.5%), the dominant @entity1 location was below the diaphragm. The majority of @entity0 (76 of 81) were initially treated with systemic chemotherapy including @entity3 . Responses were evaluable in 70 of 76. Eighteen of 70 @entity0 (25.7%) responded to chemotherapy and complete remission was observed in 6 @entity0 . The overall median survival of 81 @entity0 was 5.6 months. The median survival of the responding @entity0 was 18.3 months but the median survival of the nonresponding @entity0 was 4.6 months (p < 0.01). In univariate and multivariate analysis, age, performance status and response to initial chemotherapy were significant prognostic factors for overall survival. CONCLUSION: We observed poor response to the treatment and survival rate in ACUPS, but complete remission and long-term survival were observed in a small number of @entity0 .

title: XXXX of unknown primary site.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Thrombolytic therapy given within the first 4 to 6 hours to @entity0 with evolving @entity5 appears to reduce in-hospital and 1-year mortality rates. In addition, @entity0 who receive treatment in the first few hours may also benefit through improved residual left ventricular function, resulting from the preservation of @entity1 myocardium. Newer agents that are more effective in lysing intracoronary thrombi are currently under development. The most promising is @entity6 ( @entity6 ), which is being evaluated in a number of large multicenter trials, including the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Thrombolysis in @entity4 (TIMI) trial. In this study researchers are also comparing the additional value of early versus delayed @entity3 and are evaluating a subset of @entity0 randomly assigned to early beta-blocker therapy to assess the value of adjunctive pharmacologic therapy. In the future, it is likely that studies will be carried out to determine the usefulness of thrombolytic therapy given to @entity0 by paramedics before hospitalization. Such a study is being planned in several communities. It is hoped that by means of prehospital therapy, it may be possible to treat a substantial group of @entity0 with symptoms and electrocardiographic findings of @entity5 before extensive left @entity2 has occurred. If this goal can be realized, it may be possible to achieve a very substantial reduction in mortality resulting from @entity5 . Initial experience with prehospital intravenous streptokinase therapy has already been reported from Jerusalem, Israel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Thrombolytic therapy for XXXX : a brief review.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Little is known about long-term physical sequelae, cognitive functioning, and quality of life of @entity0 who have had a @entity4 . Fifty-six @entity0 (29 females, 27 males) under 16 years of age at time of the @entity4 were studied. Mean age at time of @entity4 was 7.7 years (range 1 month to 15.9 years). The primary site and cause of the @entity4 at baseline were determined. Occurrences of death, re-bleedings, and @entity3 during follow-up were recorded. @entity0 who survived were invited for a follow-up examination including physical check-up, general screening of cognition, and an inventory of subjective health perception. Thirteen @entity0 died directly as a result of the @entity4 ; nine experienced a recurrent @entity4 , which was fatal in three; six @entity0 developed @entity2 . At follow-up 36 of 56 @entity0 were still alive. Mean follow-up time was 10.3 years (range 1.3 to 19.9 years) and mean age was 18.6 years (range 1.8 to 34.1 years). There was no @entity0 lost to follow-up. Five @entity0 declined to visit the hospital. In 15 out of 31 @entity0 who could be examined, no physical impairment was observed, 11 had a @entity5 of varying severity, and three had symptoms of @entity6 . One @entity0 had persisting @entity7 and one persisting paraparesis. Signs of @entity1 were found in 15 @entity0 . Of the @entity0 who survive @entity4 , the physical and functional prognosis is relatively good, as almost all @entity0 were independent at follow-up. However, only a quarter of the surviving @entity0 had no physical or @entity1 after a mean follow-up period of 10 years. The majority had low self-esteem as well as emotional, behavioural, and health problems.

title: Prognosis of XXXX in childhood: a long-term follow-up study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Adolescent and young adult @entity0 with @entity5 continue to have a poor prognosis with standard combination chemotherapy and local irradiation. In addition to a significant risk of local failure, these @entity0 are at high risk for systemic relapse. Twenty-three consecutive @entity0 with @entity9 , @entity11 , @entity10 , or malignant @entity12 originating in the pelvis were treated with short, intensive combined modality therapy. This approach integrates 5 cycles of VADRIAC chemotherapy ( @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity7 ) with high dose irradiation to the @entity2 (55-60 Gy) and sites of gross metastatic disease (45-50 Gy). Following achievement of a complete response, intensification therapy consisting of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (8.0 Gy), high dose VADRIAC chemotherapy, and autologous bone marow transplantation is given. All therapy is completed within 6-7 months. No maintenance chemotherapy is given; no surgery is intended. Of the twenty-three @entity0 with @entity5 treated on this combined modality protocol, 22 achieved a complete remission. Local control was achieved and maintained in all twenty-three @entity0 . With a median follow-up of 21 months since initiation of treatment, there have been nine relapses (all systemic). Seven relapses occurred among the thirteen @entity0 who presented with overt metastatic disease and the other two relapses were among the ten @entity0 with localized disease at presentation. All seven metastatic @entity0 who relapsed have died, whereas both of the relapsed localized @entity0 remain alive. Acute and late @entity3 have been acceptable using this aggressive combined modality approach. Induction chemotherapy had a significant impact on reduction of the typically large (greater than 10 cm diameter) soft tissue mass associated with these @entity5 , thus facilitating achievement of local control by high dose irradiation. Of 18 @entity0 with measureable soft tissue @entity1 , all experienced a partial response (greater than 50% reduction in size) following the initial two cycles of chemotherapy given prior to local irradiation. In conclusion, this short, intensive chemoradiotherapeutic regimen is highly effective in controlling the @entity2 (100% local control) and inducing a complete response in a high proportion (96%) of these high risk pediatric and young adult @entity0 with @entity5 . The role of @entity4 as "systemic" adjuvant therapy to control micrometastatic disease is discussed as still under investigation.

title: Treatment of XXXX in adolescents and young adults with intensive combined modality therapy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: From 1980 to 1984, forty-five @entity0 suffering @entity5 were irradiated with curative intent. Twenty-three were considered at high risk of recurrence after complete surgical resection (invasion of the serosa, lymph nodes and/or surgical margins); eleven were treated after partial resection, and for eleven others, the local extension precluded surgery. Radiotherapy combined two lateral fields (usually with wedge filters) and an anterior field. The planned dose was 40 to 50 Gy, according to the amount of @entity2 and doses delivered to the major part of the liver and the right and left kidneys did not exceed 30, 5, and 18 Gy, respectively. For @entity0 aged less than 71 and whose general condition was acceptable, one cycle of chemotherapy (FAM for 20 @entity0 and @entity9 for 10) preceded irradiation, followed if possible by 6 other cycles. Adverse effects, essentially @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity4 , led to definitively stopping irradiation in 8 cases, and were present in 21 other @entity0 . Mean @entity4 was 2.5 kg. Apart from one @entity0 who developed a @entity10 and died after reoperation, there was neither chronic complication, nor radiation @entity3 or @entity8 . For 34 @entity0 , the observation time was superior to 3 years: 23 died of their @entity1 , 1 of a @entity10 , and 2 of an intercurrent disease. Eight were disease-free at 3 years (three of these were irradiated for @entity2 ). For the overall series, the 4-year survival rate @entity11 %. There is a significant survival advantage for females versus males (p less than 0.01), a non-significant tendency in favor of microscopic @entity2 versus macroscopic, and no advantage for the combination with FAM compared with no chemotherapy (non-randomized). This technique appears feasible with an acceptable tolerance and can control local @entity1 in a few cases. The planned dose of 40 Gy was probably too small and we are now testing 45 Gy delivered over the large initial volume, and boosts of 10-15 Gy to @entity2 .

title: Radiotherapy of XXXX with a three field combination: feasibility, tolerance, and survival.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The goal of this study was to explore the correlation between education and the results of five @entity2 screening tests. In a study of 551 consecutively enrolled psychogeriatric day care attendants individual differences in education explained only very small portions of variance (< or = 0.63%) in four tests (visual recognition memory, orientation, category fluency and alternating sequences) of the Amsterdam @entity2 Screening Test, a standard neuropsychological battery. The only exception was graphical copying of two- or three-dimensional geometric designs, where education explained 6.25% of the variance in copying accuracy. The more education @entity0 had (from incomplete or complete primary education, through extended primary education, lower technical and vocational training, and secondary to higher education), the better their copying performance was. There was however one exception, in that @entity0 with secondary education copied designs significantly less accurately than @entity0 with lower technical and vocational training. Differences in copying accuracy of subjects with higher versus lower educational attainment were largest for @entity0 matched for high levels of cognitive function. More severe @entity1 attenuated education effects. Higher education did not protect against decline of copying performance as a consequence of increasing @entity1 . For each of three educational levels, premorbid copying performance was estimated by constructing a regression equation using an independent measure of cognitive functioning (in terms of visual recognition memory, orientation and category fluency) as the predictor variable. The results support the clinical utility of controlling for educational level when interpreting individual copying performance.

title: [Does education influence the results of the Amsterdam XXXX -Screening Test (ADS)?].

answer: @entity2


abstract: We have prepared conjugates of a membrane disrupting lytic peptide (hecate) and a 15- @entity7 segment of the beta-chain of CG and hecate and the decapeptide, @entity8 ( @entity8 ). We have tested the concept that these conjugates will target @entity0 cells expressing LH/CG or @entity8 receptors. In previous studies, we were able to destroy @entity6 in vitro and in vivo with lytic peptide conjugates. Hecate, hecate-betaCG and @entity8 -hecate were added to cultures of the @entity1 @entity0 cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-435S. Hecate and its conjugates showed concentration dependent @entity4 to both cell lines. The lytic peptide alone showed similar EC50 values for both cell lines; however, there was a significant difference between the EC50 values when the conjugates were tested. The hormone dependent MCF-7 cell line was less sensitive to the betaCG conjugate than to the @entity8 conjugate; the reverse was found for the hormone independent @entity1 cells. Removal of @entity5 decreased the sensitivity of MCF-7 cells to both lytic peptide conjugates and this sensitivity could be restored by adding @entity3 . Activation of protein kinase C further increased the sensitivity to the drug. MDA-MB-435S xenografts were established in intact female athymic @entity2 , which were treated once a week for 3 weeks with hecate-betaCG via the lateral tail vein. The ability of hecate-betaCG to destroy xenografts of @entity1 @entity0 cells (MDA-MB-435S) in @entity2 was demonstrated for the first time. We conclude that hecate-betaCG and @entity8 -hecate conjugates could serve as useful drugs for the treatment of @entity0 .

title: Membrane disrupting lytic peptide conjugates destroy hormone dependent and independent XXXX cells in vitro and in vivo.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The survival of @entity0 with @entity3 depends on the feasibility of complete resection and the grade of the @entity1 . HYPOTHESIS: A high rate of complete resection, wide rather than local excision when feasible, and a policy of prompt reoperation for local recurrence all improve survival. METHODS: A review of 130 consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 (1977-2001). RESULTS: The complete resectability rate was 95%, being 99% (78/79) for the @entity1 and 90% (46/51) for @entity1 referred with local recurrence. Local recurrence after complete resection occurred in 41% (32/79) of those with @entity1 and in 61% (31/51) of those referred with local recurrence (P =.06). The local recurrence rate was 63% after local excision and 39% after wide resection (P =.02). Of 83 @entity0 with relapse, 37 (45%) were rendered @entity2 free. The estimated 5-year (10-year in parentheses) survival from the first surgery at our center was 65% (56%) for @entity0 with @entity1 and 53% (34%) for @entity0 referred with local recurrence (P =.23). For the @entity1 , the 5- and 10-year survival rates were 70% and 60%, respectively, after wide resection and 47% and 39%, respectively, after local excision (P =.04). For the @entity1 , the 5-year survival was 92%, 54%, and 48% for grades I, II, and III, respectively (P =.02). For those referred with local recurrence, the figures were 76%, 45%, and 19% for grades I, II, and III, respectively (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: A high resectability rate (95%) is possible in @entity3 . The survival estimates are similar to those following resection of extremity soft tissue @entity3 given an effective reoperation policy for local recurrences. Wide resection lowers the local recurrence and improves survival significantly. Survival varies significantly according to the grade of the @entity1 .

title: XXXX : grade and survival.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In this review we examine the association between @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and exposure to @entity1 and other environmental toxicants. We performed a series of meta-analyses of peer-reviewed studies, using 10 studies for @entity1 , and 5 studies for other exposures published between 1986 and 2001. Before the meta-analyses, all studies were reviewed and evaluated for heterogeneity and publication bias. We detected a significant heterogeneity among studies on @entity1 and calculated a combined estimator of relative risk (RR), using the random effect model. Most studies reported consistent elevation in the risk of @entity0 with exposure to @entity1 . The combined RR for @entity1 exposure was 3.43 195% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.25-5.22] for all studies, and 4.45 (95% CI 2.24-8.86) for male cohorts. The combined RR for male farmers was 1.40 [95% CI 1.18-1.66] and was 1.29 [95% CI 0.84-1.97] for pesticide exposure. The combined RR for hair dressers was 1.52 [95% CI 1.04-2.20]. The findings of this study suggest a significant elevation in the risk of @entity0 from exposure to @entity1 . Further studies assessing the dose-response effect would greatly aid in determining whether the observed association is causal.

title: Environmental risk factors for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mast cells are prevalent in the shoulder of unstable @entity6 ; cardiac mast cells secrete proteases capable of activating matrix metalloproteinases. @entity1 is essential in the inflammatory cascade of the unstable plaque. @entity7 depletion has been correlated with histaminemia which has been shown to impair endothelial-dependent vasodilation. This study evaluates whether oxidative stress as measured by @entity8 (PGF(2alpha)) coupled with an inflammatory state characterized by histaminemia predisposes @entity0 to @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: Whole blood @entity1 , serum @entity3 , and serum PGF(2alpha) levels were drawn on 50 @entity0 with @entity5 as determined by standard diagnostic criteria, 50 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and 50 age and sex matched normal controls (C). RESULTS: Data were analyzed by stepwise discriminant and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. A significant relationship exists between @entity1 and PGF(2alpha). As PGF(2alpha) rises above 60 pg/mL, an increase in @entity1 occurs in both the @entity5 and @entity2 groups. A significant inverse relationship exists between @entity7 and @entity1 in the @entity5 versus C groups (P < 0.01) and the @entity2 versus C groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity1 and @entity8 levels increase in @entity2 and @entity5 @entity0 . Mast cell activation and lipid oxidation generated during @entity4 manifest this inflammatory response. Accelerated @entity8 formation and depleted @entity7 paired with histaminemia is active in CAD and predispose @entity0 to @entity5 . Blood @entity1 alone may be a better risk factor for coronary events, and a better prognostic indicator than CRP even when combined with lipid indexes.

title: Blood XXXX is associated with @entity2 , cardiac events and severity of inflammation and @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mast cells are prevalent in the shoulder of unstable @entity6 ; cardiac mast cells secrete proteases capable of activating matrix metalloproteinases. @entity1 is essential in the inflammatory cascade of the unstable plaque. @entity7 depletion has been correlated with histaminemia which has been shown to impair endothelial-dependent vasodilation. This study evaluates whether oxidative stress as measured by @entity8 (PGF(2alpha)) coupled with an inflammatory state characterized by histaminemia predisposes @entity0 to @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: Whole blood @entity1 , serum @entity3 , and serum PGF(2alpha) levels were drawn on 50 @entity0 with @entity5 as determined by standard diagnostic criteria, 50 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and 50 age and sex matched normal controls (C). RESULTS: Data were analyzed by stepwise discriminant and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient. A significant relationship exists between @entity1 and PGF(2alpha). As PGF(2alpha) rises above 60 pg/mL, an increase in @entity1 occurs in both the @entity5 and @entity2 groups. A significant inverse relationship exists between @entity7 and @entity1 in the @entity5 versus C groups (P < 0.01) and the @entity2 versus C groups (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity1 and @entity8 levels increase in @entity2 and @entity5 @entity0 . Mast cell activation and lipid oxidation generated during @entity4 manifest this inflammatory response. Accelerated @entity8 formation and depleted @entity7 paired with histaminemia is active in CAD and predispose @entity0 to @entity5 . Blood @entity1 alone may be a better risk factor for coronary events, and a better prognostic indicator than CRP even when combined with lipid indexes.

title: Blood @entity1 is associated with @entity2 , cardiac events and severity of inflammation and XXXX .

answer: @entity4