abstract: Antimicrobial resistance of pathogenic bacteria, including Salmonella spp., is an emerging problem of food safety. Antimicrobial use can result in selection of resistant organisms. The food chain is considered a route of transmission of resistant pathogens to @entity0 . In many European countries, @entity2 are one of the most commonly used antimicrobials. The aim of our investigation was to assess the prevalence of sul genes and plasmid occurrence among @entity1 -resistant Salmonella spp. Eighty-four @entity1 -resistant isolates were collected in 2008 and 2013 from retail products in Poland. Minimal inhibitory concentration of all of these isolates was >= 1024    g/mL. Resistant isolates were tested for the presence of sul1, sul2, sul3, and @entity3 genes by using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. In total, 44.0% (37/84) isolates carried the sul1 gene, 46.4% (39/84) were sul2 positive, while the sul3 gene was not detected in any of the @entity1 -resistant isolates tested. It was found that 3.6% (3/84) of resistant Salmonella spp. contained sul1, sul2, and intI genes. All 33 intI-positive isolates carried the sul1 gene. Eleven of the @entity1 -resistant isolates were negative for all the sul genes. Most of the @entity1 -resistant Salmonella spp. harbored plasmids; only in eight isolates were no plasmids detected. Generally, the size of the plasmids ranged from approximately 2   kb to >= 90   kb. Our results revealed a relatively a high prevalence of @entity2 -resistant Salmonella spp. isolated from retail food. Additionally, we have detected a high dissemination of plasmids and class 1 integrons that may enhance the spread of resistance genes in the food chain.

title: Resistance to XXXX and Dissemination of sul Genes Among Salmonella spp. Isolated from Food in Poland.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a multi-target drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration as the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of @entity7 . In addition, several clinical trials are being conducted with arsenic-based drugs for the treatment of other @entity6 and @entity1 . However, ATO's modest clinical efficacy on some @entity1 , and potential toxic effects on @entity0 have been reported. Determining how best to reduce these adverse effects while increasing its therapeutic efficacy is obviously a critical issue. Previously, we demonstrated that the @entity9 -induced complex formation of phosphorylated @entity5 and @entity12 ( @entity12 ) antagonizes ERK-induced cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor @entity4 ( @entity4 ( @entity4 / @entity4 )) expression and resultant apoptosis in response to ATO in A431 cells. Surprisingly, at low-concentrations (0.1-0.2  M), ATO increased cellular proliferation, @entity8 and invasion, involving @entity12 expression, however, at high-concentrations (5-20  M), ATO induced cell apoptosis. Using a promoter analysis, @entity12 was transcriptionally regulated by ATO at the @entity11 binding site (-1486 to -1479bp) via the @entity10 / @entity2 / @entity3 pathway. Stable overexpression of @entity12 promoted advancing the cell cycle into the S phase, and attenuated 20  M ATO-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, blockage of the @entity3 pathway enhanced ATO-induced @entity4 expression and resultant apoptosis in @entity1 cells, but overexpression of @entity3 inhibited @entity4 expression. Therefore, we suggest that @entity12 is transcriptionally regulated by the @entity10 / @entity2 / @entity3 pathway, which plays a role as a negative regulator in antagonizing ATO-induced @entity4 expression and resultant apoptosis. Suppression of these antagonistic effects might be a promising therapeutic strategy toward improving clinical efficacy of ATO.

title: @entity12 transcriptionally induced by @entity3 / XXXX is a negative regulator that antagonizes arsenic trioxide-induced @entity1 cell apoptosis.

answer: @entity11


abstract: Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a multi-target drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration as the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of @entity7 . In addition, several clinical trials are being conducted with arsenic-based drugs for the treatment of other @entity6 and @entity1 . However, ATO's modest clinical efficacy on some @entity1 , and potential toxic effects on @entity0 have been reported. Determining how best to reduce these adverse effects while increasing its therapeutic efficacy is obviously a critical issue. Previously, we demonstrated that the @entity9 -induced complex formation of phosphorylated @entity5 and @entity12 ( @entity12 ) antagonizes ERK-induced cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor @entity4 ( @entity4 ( @entity4 / @entity4 )) expression and resultant apoptosis in response to ATO in A431 cells. Surprisingly, at low-concentrations (0.1-0.2  M), ATO increased cellular proliferation, @entity8 and invasion, involving @entity12 expression, however, at high-concentrations (5-20  M), ATO induced cell apoptosis. Using a promoter analysis, @entity12 was transcriptionally regulated by ATO at the @entity11 binding site (-1486 to -1479bp) via the @entity10 / @entity2 / @entity3 pathway. Stable overexpression of @entity12 promoted advancing the cell cycle into the S phase, and attenuated 20  M ATO-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, blockage of the @entity3 pathway enhanced ATO-induced @entity4 expression and resultant apoptosis in @entity1 cells, but overexpression of @entity3 inhibited @entity4 expression. Therefore, we suggest that @entity12 is transcriptionally regulated by the @entity10 / @entity2 / @entity3 pathway, which plays a role as a negative regulator in antagonizing ATO-induced @entity4 expression and resultant apoptosis. Suppression of these antagonistic effects might be a promising therapeutic strategy toward improving clinical efficacy of ATO.

title: XXXX transcriptionally induced by @entity3 / @entity11 is a negative regulator that antagonizes arsenic trioxide-induced @entity1 cell apoptosis.

answer: @entity12


abstract: Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a multi-target drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration as the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of @entity7 . In addition, several clinical trials are being conducted with arsenic-based drugs for the treatment of other @entity6 and @entity1 . However, ATO's modest clinical efficacy on some @entity1 , and potential toxic effects on @entity0 have been reported. Determining how best to reduce these adverse effects while increasing its therapeutic efficacy is obviously a critical issue. Previously, we demonstrated that the @entity9 -induced complex formation of phosphorylated @entity5 and @entity12 ( @entity12 ) antagonizes ERK-induced cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor @entity4 ( @entity4 ( @entity4 / @entity4 )) expression and resultant apoptosis in response to ATO in A431 cells. Surprisingly, at low-concentrations (0.1-0.2  M), ATO increased cellular proliferation, @entity8 and invasion, involving @entity12 expression, however, at high-concentrations (5-20  M), ATO induced cell apoptosis. Using a promoter analysis, @entity12 was transcriptionally regulated by ATO at the @entity11 binding site (-1486 to -1479bp) via the @entity10 / @entity2 / @entity3 pathway. Stable overexpression of @entity12 promoted advancing the cell cycle into the S phase, and attenuated 20  M ATO-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, blockage of the @entity3 pathway enhanced ATO-induced @entity4 expression and resultant apoptosis in @entity1 cells, but overexpression of @entity3 inhibited @entity4 expression. Therefore, we suggest that @entity12 is transcriptionally regulated by the @entity10 / @entity2 / @entity3 pathway, which plays a role as a negative regulator in antagonizing ATO-induced @entity4 expression and resultant apoptosis. Suppression of these antagonistic effects might be a promising therapeutic strategy toward improving clinical efficacy of ATO.

title: @entity12 transcriptionally induced by @entity3 / @entity11 is a negative regulator that antagonizes arsenic trioxide-induced XXXX cell apoptosis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is a multi-target drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration as the first-line chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of @entity7 . In addition, several clinical trials are being conducted with arsenic-based drugs for the treatment of other @entity6 and @entity1 . However, ATO's modest clinical efficacy on some @entity1 , and potential toxic effects on @entity0 have been reported. Determining how best to reduce these adverse effects while increasing its therapeutic efficacy is obviously a critical issue. Previously, we demonstrated that the @entity9 -induced complex formation of phosphorylated @entity5 and @entity12 ( @entity12 ) antagonizes ERK-induced cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor @entity4 ( @entity4 ( @entity4 / @entity4 )) expression and resultant apoptosis in response to ATO in A431 cells. Surprisingly, at low-concentrations (0.1-0.2  M), ATO increased cellular proliferation, @entity8 and invasion, involving @entity12 expression, however, at high-concentrations (5-20  M), ATO induced cell apoptosis. Using a promoter analysis, @entity12 was transcriptionally regulated by ATO at the @entity11 binding site (-1486 to -1479bp) via the @entity10 / @entity2 / @entity3 pathway. Stable overexpression of @entity12 promoted advancing the cell cycle into the S phase, and attenuated 20  M ATO-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, blockage of the @entity3 pathway enhanced ATO-induced @entity4 expression and resultant apoptosis in @entity1 cells, but overexpression of @entity3 inhibited @entity4 expression. Therefore, we suggest that @entity12 is transcriptionally regulated by the @entity10 / @entity2 / @entity3 pathway, which plays a role as a negative regulator in antagonizing ATO-induced @entity4 expression and resultant apoptosis. Suppression of these antagonistic effects might be a promising therapeutic strategy toward improving clinical efficacy of ATO.

title: @entity12 transcriptionally induced by XXXX / @entity11 is a negative regulator that antagonizes arsenic trioxide-induced @entity1 cell apoptosis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A retrospective study of 310 @entity0 with @entity3 of the head of the pancreas or periampullary region was performed. Preoperative bile drainage by placement of a stent reduced the number of @entity4 , especially @entity5 (P = 0.03). The operative mortality rate was nil in @entity0 with @entity1 aged under 70 years and 23 per cent in those over 70 years of age (P < 0.001). In the last 2 years of the study, the mortality rate following resection decreased to 2 per cent. @entity1 -containing resection margins did not influence survival after resection (P = 0.48). @entity1 dimension of @entity6 and the presence of @entity1 in locoregional lymph nodes (N1a) resected with the primary @entity1 in @entity2 were of no prognostic value. Following palliative resection of @entity3 of the pancreatic head, median survival was significantly better than when no resection was performed (10.1 versus 3.9 months, P < 0.001). In conclusion, even palliative resection may benefit some @entity0 . Preoperative bile drainage is indicated in those with @entity7 . Resection should be performed, irrespective of @entity1 size, provided that the unit's operative mortality rate is sufficiently low.

title: XXXX and periampullary region: palliation versus cure.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in older @entity0 . However, the histologic prevalence far exceeds clinically manifest disease. Increased screening has resulted in the detection of a large number of @entity4 of unknown malignant potential. The authors investigated @entity2 angiogenesis to predict pathologic stage in @entity5 . Angiogenesis in @entity8 ( @entity8 ), a putative @entity3 , also was investigated. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to highlight the @entity2 vasculature. Vessels were quantified using computerized image analysis. A minimum of five randomly selected microscopic fields were measured from each @entity2 . To investigate @entity8 , the authors measured vessels per millimeter of gland perimeter, compared with benign glands in the same @entity0 . RESULTS: Vessel density (vessels per millimeter squared [vv/mm2]) correlated with pathologic stage. The mean vessel density of organ-confined @entity2 was 80.2 vv/mm2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 71.4-91.0), compared with 110.4 vv/mm2 (95% CI, 97.9-122.8) for @entity2 with capsular penetration or positive lymph nodes. Logistic regression analysis and modeling showed vessel density superior to histologic grade and preoperative @entity6 level in distinguishing organ-confined @entity2 from those having extracapsular extension or pelvic lymph node @entity1 . @entity8 in acini and ductules had increased microvascularity relative to benign epithelium in 18 of 25 @entity2 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 has been demonstrated to be a prerequisite for @entity2 progression. These data demonstrate that microvessel density in @entity5 is an independent predictor of pathologic stage and, presumably, malignant potential. Quantification of @entity2 angiogenesis may allow stratification of @entity0 to type of treatment and may allow selection of expectant management for @entity0 with low @entity2 microvessel density.

title: Predictors of pathologic stage in @entity5 . The role of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in older @entity0 . However, the histologic prevalence far exceeds clinically manifest disease. Increased screening has resulted in the detection of a large number of @entity4 of unknown malignant potential. The authors investigated @entity2 angiogenesis to predict pathologic stage in @entity5 . Angiogenesis in @entity8 ( @entity8 ), a putative @entity3 , also was investigated. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to highlight the @entity2 vasculature. Vessels were quantified using computerized image analysis. A minimum of five randomly selected microscopic fields were measured from each @entity2 . To investigate @entity8 , the authors measured vessels per millimeter of gland perimeter, compared with benign glands in the same @entity0 . RESULTS: Vessel density (vessels per millimeter squared [vv/mm2]) correlated with pathologic stage. The mean vessel density of organ-confined @entity2 was 80.2 vv/mm2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 71.4-91.0), compared with 110.4 vv/mm2 (95% CI, 97.9-122.8) for @entity2 with capsular penetration or positive lymph nodes. Logistic regression analysis and modeling showed vessel density superior to histologic grade and preoperative @entity6 level in distinguishing organ-confined @entity2 from those having extracapsular extension or pelvic lymph node @entity1 . @entity8 in acini and ductules had increased microvascularity relative to benign epithelium in 18 of 25 @entity2 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 has been demonstrated to be a prerequisite for @entity2 progression. These data demonstrate that microvessel density in @entity5 is an independent predictor of pathologic stage and, presumably, malignant potential. Quantification of @entity2 angiogenesis may allow stratification of @entity0 to type of treatment and may allow selection of expectant management for @entity0 with low @entity2 microvessel density.

title: Predictors of pathologic stage in XXXX . The role of @entity7 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: INTRODUCTION Bioptic endoscopic techniques are useful in the diagnosis of @entity1 . There is need for randomized trials to establish proper place for this procedures in the diagnosis of @entity1 . OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic yield of conventional transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) vs endobronchial (EBUS-TBNA) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in stage I/II of @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS  In @entity0 suspected of @entity1 an open-label randomized study TBNA or EBUS-TBNA or EUS-FNA were performed. Negative TBNA and EBUS-TBNA @entity0 underwent EUS-FNA, negative EUS-FNA @entity0 underwent EBUS-TBNA. If both were negative, @entity0 in stage I were scheduled for mediastinoscopy (MS) and in stage II for transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB). RESULTS  In 100 @entity0 34 TBNA, 30 EBUS-TBNA and 36 EUS-FNA were performed primarily. TBNA was positive in 20 (58.8%), EBUS-TBNA in 23 (76.7%) and EUS-FNA in 31 (86.1%) @entity0 . For negative biopsy results a second procedure was performed. EUS-FNA was positive in 9 @entity0 and EBUS-TBNA in none. In 17 @entity0 negative for both methods MS was performed in 6 and was positive in 2 of them. In remaining 11 @entity0 TBLB was positive. Sensitivity and accuracy of TBNA vs EBUS-TBNA vs EUS-FNA were 62.5%, 64.7% vs 79.3%, 80% vs 88.6%, 88.9%, respectively. Sensitivity and accuracy of EBUS-TBNA were higher (P = 0.139) and EUS-FNA significantly higher comparing with TBNA (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS  In stage I /II of @entity2 endoechosonography is a reasonable approach but EUS-FNA seems to be the method of choice.

title: A comparison of conventional transbronchial vs endobronchial, endoscopic ultrasound-guided needle aspiration in the diagnosis of XXXX : a randomized trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are integral components of the host innate immune system and functional throughout the plant and animal kingdoms. AMPs are short cationic molecules and lethal against a wide range of bacteria, viruses, fungi, @entity5 and protozoa due to their membranolytic effects on the negatively-charged microbial membranes. In addition, they exert multiple immunomodulatory roles like chemotaxis, modulation of cytokine and chemokine expression, leukocyte activation etc. Since AMPs suffer loss of microbicidal properties under serum and tissue environments, their capacity to modulate the immune system may predominates under the physiological conditions. Discovery of new antibiotics is lagging far behind the rapidly spreading drug resistance among the microorganisms. Both natural and synthetic AMPs have shown promise as 'next generation antibiotics' due to their unique mode of action, which minimises the chance of development of microbial resistance. In addition, they have therapeutic potential against @entity2 and @entity1 . Many of the synthetic AMPs are currently undergoing clinical trials for the treatment of debilitating diseases, such as @entity6 , @entity7 , chemotherapy-associated @entity4 etc. Some of them have already entered the market as topical preparations. In this review, we synopsise the current literature of natural and synthetic AMPs in different infectious and inflammatory diseases of @entity0 microfloral habitats, especially the gastrointestinal, respiratory and genitourinary tracts and the skin. We also discuss the classification of AMPs, their mode action and antimicrobial spectrum, including the pathogen evasion mechanisms. In short, we tried to present the locus standi of AMPs in relation to @entity0 diseases and highlight the most promising synthetic peptides emerging from the clinical trials. Finally, we focused on the limitations and hurdles in terms of cost of production, bioavailability, pharmacokinetic stability and @entity3 faced by commercial development and clinical use of the AMPs and strategies to overcome these hurdles.

title: Mammalian Antimicrobial Peptides: Promising Therapeutic Targets Against XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratio (UCPCR) and fasting C-peptide level can assess beta-cell function in clinical practice. In the present study, the use of the UCPCR and fasting C-peptide levels was investigated in the differential diagnosis between maturity-onset @entity1 (T1DM). METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity0 with genetically confirmed @entity2 by next-generation sequence analysis and 42 @entity0 with T1DM were included. C-peptide levels were measured after an overnight fast before breakfast, and urine samples were collected 2 h after a standard lunch in the hospital. RESULTS: The UCPCR in the T1DM group was 0.17    0.5 nmol/mmol, and in the @entity2 group it was 1.27    1.03 nmol/mmol (p = 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed excellent discrimination (area under the curve 0.93). A UCPCR >= 0.22 nmol/mmol yielded a 96.3% sensitivity and an 85.7% specificity. The fasting C-peptide level in the T1DM group was lower than that in the @entity2 group (p = 0.001). The fasting C-peptide cutoff determined by ROC curve analysis was 0.62 ng/ml, with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 90% for discriminating between @entity2 and T1DM. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that the UCPCR and fasting C-peptide levels in @entity0 and adolescents can distinguish @entity0 with @entity2 from @entity0 with T1DM with high specificity and sensitivity. A value of UCPCR >= 0.22 nmol/mmol may indicate further genetic testing for @entity2 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Urinary C-Peptide/Creatinine Ratio Can Distinguish Maturity-Onset XXXX in @entity0 and Adolescents: A Single-Center Experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The urinary C-peptide/creatinine ratio (UCPCR) and fasting C-peptide level can assess beta-cell function in clinical practice. In the present study, the use of the UCPCR and fasting C-peptide levels was investigated in the differential diagnosis between maturity-onset @entity1 (T1DM). METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity0 with genetically confirmed @entity2 by next-generation sequence analysis and 42 @entity0 with T1DM were included. C-peptide levels were measured after an overnight fast before breakfast, and urine samples were collected 2 h after a standard lunch in the hospital. RESULTS: The UCPCR in the T1DM group was 0.17    0.5 nmol/mmol, and in the @entity2 group it was 1.27    1.03 nmol/mmol (p = 0.001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed excellent discrimination (area under the curve 0.93). A UCPCR >= 0.22 nmol/mmol yielded a 96.3% sensitivity and an 85.7% specificity. The fasting C-peptide level in the T1DM group was lower than that in the @entity2 group (p = 0.001). The fasting C-peptide cutoff determined by ROC curve analysis was 0.62 ng/ml, with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 90% for discriminating between @entity2 and T1DM. CONCLUSIONS: We showed that the UCPCR and fasting C-peptide levels in @entity0 and adolescents can distinguish @entity0 with @entity2 from @entity0 with T1DM with high specificity and sensitivity. A value of UCPCR >= 0.22 nmol/mmol may indicate further genetic testing for @entity2 .    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Urinary C-Peptide/Creatinine Ratio Can Distinguish Maturity-Onset @entity1 in XXXX and Adolescents: A Single-Center Experience.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Penile corporoplasty is a well-established treatment method of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Anatomical results are good with only slight differences between surgical procedures used. The disease however has huge influence on young male quality of life. This issue is not well analyzed in the literature. AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate quality of life of the @entity0 affected with @entity3 before and after the surgical treatment METHODS: Study population consisted of 107 @entity0 with @entity3 referred for surgical management. @entity0 were evaluated with not only clinical assessment, but also by four questionnaires measuring various aspects of quality of life. They were: Short-Form Medical Outcomes, Sexual Quality of Life Questionnaire for @entity0 , Beck @entity2 Inventory, and International Index of Erectile Function. RESULTS: Quality of life measurements showed deep decrease in the general quality of life, sexual performance, @entity2 scale, as well as in physical and mental health in @entity0 with @entity3 . All these parameters were restored to normal after the successful surgical treatment with any method. CONCLUSION: @entity3 deeply decreases the quality of life of the affected @entity0 in many aspects. Surgical treatment is able to repair the @entity1 and as well as significantly restore the @entity0 ' psychosocial well-being.

title: Evaluation of the Treatment of XXXX Including Psychosexual Assessment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: About one out of two @entity0 with @entity1 has to increase the dosage of exogenous @entity2 ( @entity3 ) during pregnancy. Considering the detrimental impact of IVF on thyroid function, it has been claimed but not demonstrated that @entity3 dose adjustment may be more significant in @entity1 @entity0 who become pregnant after IVF. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Hypothyroid-treated @entity0 who achieved a live birth through IVF were reviewed. @entity0 could be included if thyroid function was well compensated with @entity3 before the IVF cycle (i.e., serum TSH <2.5 mIU/l and serum free T4 within the normal range). Serum TSH and dose adjustment were evaluated at five time points during pregnancy. The trimester ranges for serum TSH considered as reference to adjust @entity3 therapy were 0.1-2.5 mIU/l for the first trimester, 0.2-3.0 mIU/l for the second trimester, and 0.3-3.0 mIU/l for the third trimester. RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity0 were selected. During the whole pregnancy 32 @entity0 (84%; 95% CI: 72-96%) required an increase in the dose of @entity3 . In most cases (n=28), this occured within the first 5-7 weeks of gestation (74%, 95% CI: 58-85%). At 5-7 weeks of gestation, the median (interquartile range) increase of @entity3 dose for the whole cohort was 26% (0-50%). At 30-32 weeks, it was 33% (14-68%). In order to identify predictive factors of dose adjustment, we compared @entity0 who did (n=28) and did not (n=10) adjust @entity3 dosage at 5-7 weeks' gestation. Significant differences emerged for thyroid autoimmunity prevalence and for the distribution of @entity1 aetiology. CONCLUSIONS: The vast majority of @entity1 -treated @entity0 who achieve pregnancy through IVF need an increase in the @entity3 dose during gestation. This requirement tends to occur very early during gestation.

title: @entity2 dose adjustment in XXXX @entity0 achieving pregnancy through IVF.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: About one out of two @entity0 with @entity1 has to increase the dosage of exogenous @entity2 ( @entity3 ) during pregnancy. Considering the detrimental impact of IVF on thyroid function, it has been claimed but not demonstrated that @entity3 dose adjustment may be more significant in @entity1 @entity0 who become pregnant after IVF. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Hypothyroid-treated @entity0 who achieved a live birth through IVF were reviewed. @entity0 could be included if thyroid function was well compensated with @entity3 before the IVF cycle (i.e., serum TSH <2.5 mIU/l and serum free T4 within the normal range). Serum TSH and dose adjustment were evaluated at five time points during pregnancy. The trimester ranges for serum TSH considered as reference to adjust @entity3 therapy were 0.1-2.5 mIU/l for the first trimester, 0.2-3.0 mIU/l for the second trimester, and 0.3-3.0 mIU/l for the third trimester. RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity0 were selected. During the whole pregnancy 32 @entity0 (84%; 95% CI: 72-96%) required an increase in the dose of @entity3 . In most cases (n=28), this occured within the first 5-7 weeks of gestation (74%, 95% CI: 58-85%). At 5-7 weeks of gestation, the median (interquartile range) increase of @entity3 dose for the whole cohort was 26% (0-50%). At 30-32 weeks, it was 33% (14-68%). In order to identify predictive factors of dose adjustment, we compared @entity0 who did (n=28) and did not (n=10) adjust @entity3 dosage at 5-7 weeks' gestation. Significant differences emerged for thyroid autoimmunity prevalence and for the distribution of @entity1 aetiology. CONCLUSIONS: The vast majority of @entity1 -treated @entity0 who achieve pregnancy through IVF need an increase in the @entity3 dose during gestation. This requirement tends to occur very early during gestation.

title: XXXX dose adjustment in @entity1 @entity0 achieving pregnancy through IVF.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: About one out of two @entity0 with @entity1 has to increase the dosage of exogenous @entity2 ( @entity3 ) during pregnancy. Considering the detrimental impact of IVF on thyroid function, it has been claimed but not demonstrated that @entity3 dose adjustment may be more significant in @entity1 @entity0 who become pregnant after IVF. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Hypothyroid-treated @entity0 who achieved a live birth through IVF were reviewed. @entity0 could be included if thyroid function was well compensated with @entity3 before the IVF cycle (i.e., serum TSH <2.5 mIU/l and serum free T4 within the normal range). Serum TSH and dose adjustment were evaluated at five time points during pregnancy. The trimester ranges for serum TSH considered as reference to adjust @entity3 therapy were 0.1-2.5 mIU/l for the first trimester, 0.2-3.0 mIU/l for the second trimester, and 0.3-3.0 mIU/l for the third trimester. RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity0 were selected. During the whole pregnancy 32 @entity0 (84%; 95% CI: 72-96%) required an increase in the dose of @entity3 . In most cases (n=28), this occured within the first 5-7 weeks of gestation (74%, 95% CI: 58-85%). At 5-7 weeks of gestation, the median (interquartile range) increase of @entity3 dose for the whole cohort was 26% (0-50%). At 30-32 weeks, it was 33% (14-68%). In order to identify predictive factors of dose adjustment, we compared @entity0 who did (n=28) and did not (n=10) adjust @entity3 dosage at 5-7 weeks' gestation. Significant differences emerged for thyroid autoimmunity prevalence and for the distribution of @entity1 aetiology. CONCLUSIONS: The vast majority of @entity1 -treated @entity0 who achieve pregnancy through IVF need an increase in the @entity3 dose during gestation. This requirement tends to occur very early during gestation.

title: @entity2 dose adjustment in @entity1 XXXX achieving pregnancy through IVF.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study determined the number of endothelial gaps in venules of the @entity0 @entity2 and related these values to the amount of plasma extravasation after an inflammatory stimulus ( @entity4 ). From 1 to 30 min after the stimulus, vessels were fixed by vascular perfusion, and endothelial cell borders were stained with @entity3 , which made it possible to quantify the number and distribution of endothelial gaps. It also was possible to quantify the leukocyte attachment sites, to measure the size, shape, and number of endothelial cells, and to delineate the architecture of the tracheal vasculature. Sites of increased vascular permeability were localized with Monastral blue B, india ink, or fluorescent microspheres. After the stimulus, the @entity1 lines around endothelial cells of postcapillary venules and collecting venules were interrupted by stereotyped @entity1 dots (diam, 1.4 +/- 0.03 microns; +/- SE), which were found by electron microscopy to be @entity1 deposits at endothelial gaps. The dots were most abundant in the smallest postcapillary venules (diam, 7-20 microns) where Monastral blue extravasation was greatest. The number of @entity1 dots (14.4 +/- 0.7 dots/endothelial cell) and the amount of extravasation were maximal 1 min after the stimulus. However, the dots disappeared more slowly (half-life, 3.2 min) than did the extravasation (half-life, 1.3 min). In addition to the @entity1 dots, 64% of the sites at which leukocytes were attached to the endothelium were stained with @entity1 . These sites were marked by @entity1 rings (diam, 3.4 +/- 0.2 microns) and were most numerous in the largest postcapillary venules (diam, 20-40 microns). Most (95%) of the @entity1 rings were located at intercellular junctions but usually were not sites of Monastral blue extravasation. The results indicate that endothelial gaps at intercellular junctions are focal openings, which occupy < 3% of the luminal surface and are distinct from sites of leukocyte attachment. The reduction in Monastral blue extravasation that precedes the closure of the gaps could result from a decrease in the driving force for the convective movement of the tracer or from a decrease in the conductance of the gaps, perhaps due to the accumulation of sievelike substances within the gaps.

title: Endothelial gaps and permeability of venules in XXXX tracheas exposed to inflammatory stimuli.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abnormal motor cortex activity is common in @entity2 . Cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation may alter cortical activity by decreasing excitability while anodal stimulation may increase motor learning. Previous results showed that a single session of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation can improve symptoms in childhood @entity2 . Here we performed a 5-day, sham-controlled, double-blind, crossover study, where we measured tracking and muscle overflow in a myocontrol-based task. We applied cathodal and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (2 mA, 9 minutes per day). For cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (7 @entity0 ), 3 subjects showed improvements whereas 2 showed worsening in overflow or tracking error. The effect size was small (about 1% of maximum @entity1 ) and not clinically meaningful. For anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (6 @entity0 ), none showed improvement, whereas 5 showed worsening. Thus, multiday cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation reduced symptoms in some @entity0 but not to a clinically meaningful extent, whereas anodal transcranial direct current stimulation worsened symptoms. Our results do not support transcranial direct current stimulation as clinically viable for treating childhood @entity2 .

title: Multiday Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Causes Clinically Insignificant Changes in Childhood XXXX : A Pilot Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 present a challenge to cerebrovascular surgeons on many fronts. These lesions have significant mass effect on surrounding tissues and are often partially thrombosed with thickened or calcified walls; these difficulties are amplified in cases of @entity6 . The treatment of these lesions often requires debulking or resection of the @entity5 with or without trapping and bypassing the @entity5 segment. The case presented is of a @entity0 with a @entity4 presenting with @entity3 . The treatment of this giant @entity5 involves dissection, opening and internal evacuation including the use of ultrasonic aspiration, resection, and clipping. The @entity0 was given @entity2 preoperatively in preparation for possible superficial temporal artery-MCA or saphenous vein bypass if clipping was not possible. Vessel patency was evaluated using intraoperative Doppler and @entity7 angiography. Intraoperative somatosensory and motor evoked potential monitoring is performed in all cases. Postoperatively, the @entity0 was neurologically intact. At 1 year his modified Rankin Scale is 1, with his only symptom being intermittent @entity1 . The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/8dimNdiIObE .

title: Left pterional craniotomy for thrombectomy and clipping of ruptured left XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A major component of increased mortality risk in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is associated with non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors including markers of @entity1 . We studied whether a novel marker of systemic @entity1 , elevated serum combined polyclonal immunoglobulin free light chains (cFLC), was an independent risk factor for increased all-cause mortality in @entity0 with @entity3 stage 3. In a prospective community based cohort study, 1695 @entity0 with stage 3 @entity3 and no cases of @entity4 had cFLC concentrations measured. cFLC levels were determined using the summation of Freelite kappa and lambda assays. All other bioclinical variables were collected at the time of sample collection. Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to assess the relationship between high cFLC levels (>43.3 mg/L) and mortality. There were 167 deaths (10%) after a median of 1375 days. cFLC levels at recruitment were higher in @entity0 who died compared with those who were alive at the end of the study; median: 46.5 mg/L (IQR: 36.1-65.4 mg/L) and 35.4 mg/L (28.1-46.6 mg/L) respectively, P <0.001. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated @entity0 with cFLC >43.3 mg/L levels had an increased risk of mortality compared to @entity0 with normal cFLC levels (P <0.001). Elevated cFLC levels were independently associated with worse survival (Hazard ratio: 1.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.04-2.16; P=0.03). Other independent risk factors for worse survival were: older age, male gender, previous cardiovascular event, lower @entity2 and higher high sensitivity @entity5 (hsCRP). To conclude, high cFLC levels predict increased mortality in @entity0 with stage 3 @entity3 , independent of established risk factors and other markers of @entity1 .

title: The Association between Polyclonal Combined Serum Free Light Chain Concentration and Mortality in Individuals with Early XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The construct of subjective @entity2 is poorly understood. One widely used measure of subjective @entity2 is the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The role of @entity3 in the association between the PSQI and a prospective, sleep diary-derived @entity2 measure (SDSQ) was investigated plus the degree to which the PSQI may reflect mood states. METHOD: A sample of 211 @entity1 @entity0 (International Classification of @entity2 , Second Edition) divided by the presence or absence of a comorbid @entity3 (DSM-IV-TR) and recruited between January 2004 and February 2009, completed the PSQI (primary outcome) and 2 weeks of sleep diary monitoring. First, correlations between PSQI and SDSQ were compared; second, regression analyses were used to investigate whether the association between PSQI and SDSQ depends on diagnostic status; third, the differences in @entity2 between the groups, plus the contribution of @entity4 and @entity5 in explaining these differences, were explored. RESULTS: The correlation between PSQI and SDSQ was significant only in the nonpsychiatric group (P < .001). The association between PSQI and SDSQ was moderated by diagnostic status: it was weaker in @entity3 @entity0 (P = .047). @entity0 with @entity3 comorbidity scored significantly higher on the PSQI than those without (P < .001); this difference disappeared after controlling for @entity4 . There were no group differences for the SDSQ. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that (1) @entity3 @entity0 may be more biased in their retrospective @entity2 ratings, and (2) the PSQI total score may reflect sleep-related distress. The use of a prospective sleep diary measure in @entity0 with a @entity3 is recommended.

title: Exploring the construct of subjective XXXX in @entity0 with @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The construct of subjective @entity2 is poorly understood. One widely used measure of subjective @entity2 is the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The role of @entity3 in the association between the PSQI and a prospective, sleep diary-derived @entity2 measure (SDSQ) was investigated plus the degree to which the PSQI may reflect mood states. METHOD: A sample of 211 @entity1 @entity0 (International Classification of @entity2 , Second Edition) divided by the presence or absence of a comorbid @entity3 (DSM-IV-TR) and recruited between January 2004 and February 2009, completed the PSQI (primary outcome) and 2 weeks of sleep diary monitoring. First, correlations between PSQI and SDSQ were compared; second, regression analyses were used to investigate whether the association between PSQI and SDSQ depends on diagnostic status; third, the differences in @entity2 between the groups, plus the contribution of @entity4 and @entity5 in explaining these differences, were explored. RESULTS: The correlation between PSQI and SDSQ was significant only in the nonpsychiatric group (P < .001). The association between PSQI and SDSQ was moderated by diagnostic status: it was weaker in @entity3 @entity0 (P = .047). @entity0 with @entity3 comorbidity scored significantly higher on the PSQI than those without (P < .001); this difference disappeared after controlling for @entity4 . There were no group differences for the SDSQ. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that (1) @entity3 @entity0 may be more biased in their retrospective @entity2 ratings, and (2) the PSQI total score may reflect sleep-related distress. The use of a prospective sleep diary measure in @entity0 with a @entity3 is recommended.

title: Exploring the construct of subjective @entity2 in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The construct of subjective @entity2 is poorly understood. One widely used measure of subjective @entity2 is the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The role of @entity3 in the association between the PSQI and a prospective, sleep diary-derived @entity2 measure (SDSQ) was investigated plus the degree to which the PSQI may reflect mood states. METHOD: A sample of 211 @entity1 @entity0 (International Classification of @entity2 , Second Edition) divided by the presence or absence of a comorbid @entity3 (DSM-IV-TR) and recruited between January 2004 and February 2009, completed the PSQI (primary outcome) and 2 weeks of sleep diary monitoring. First, correlations between PSQI and SDSQ were compared; second, regression analyses were used to investigate whether the association between PSQI and SDSQ depends on diagnostic status; third, the differences in @entity2 between the groups, plus the contribution of @entity4 and @entity5 in explaining these differences, were explored. RESULTS: The correlation between PSQI and SDSQ was significant only in the nonpsychiatric group (P < .001). The association between PSQI and SDSQ was moderated by diagnostic status: it was weaker in @entity3 @entity0 (P = .047). @entity0 with @entity3 comorbidity scored significantly higher on the PSQI than those without (P < .001); this difference disappeared after controlling for @entity4 . There were no group differences for the SDSQ. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings suggest that (1) @entity3 @entity0 may be more biased in their retrospective @entity2 ratings, and (2) the PSQI total score may reflect sleep-related distress. The use of a prospective sleep diary measure in @entity0 with a @entity3 is recommended.

title: Exploring the construct of subjective @entity2 in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Embryonic, @entity0 spinal ganglion explants were plated at 5-12 weeks postconceptional age and cultured for 5-50 days on a semisynthetic substrate in a serum-containing culture medium without addition of antibiotics or preconditioned medium. The growth pattern in vitro was found to be age dependent. Five- to 6-week ganglia showed a characteristic semicircular growth pattern with bidirectional extension of neurites on top of a monolayer of supportive cells. Explanted 9- to 10-week ganglia showed an extensive, multidirectional neurite outgrowth with less pronounced proliferation of nonneuronal cells. Neurite extension, @entity2 , cell migration and morphology were studied immunohistochemically with antibodies to neurofilament (NF), @entity1 , and the @entity3 glycoprotein. Both NF and @entity1 were expressed at 5 weeks gestational age in ganglionic neurons and in proliferating Schwann cells in contact with axonal processes, respectively. NF was homogeneously distributed in both cell somata and neurites, whereas @entity1 immunoreactivity showed an intense nuclear and a weaker cytoplasmic distribution in spindle-shaped, bipolar Schwann cells. This staining pattern was conserved during differentiation in long-term culture. @entity3 was expressed on ganglionic neurites forming fascicles by the third week in culture. However, @entity3 was never expressed until the total age of 10 weeks. In addition, @entity3 was found on fibroblasts from the first week in culture. The distribution of @entity3 on the cytoplasmic membrane was similar in both cell types, showing a coarsely granulated membrane staining. The temporal as well as the spatial expression of differentiation antigens in tissue sections of early embryonic spinal cord and spinal ganglia were very similar to what was observed in vitro.

title: Morphology and growth of embryonic, XXXX dorsal root ganglion explants in long-term culture: expression of cell type-specific markers during early differentiation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Since blood bags have the ability for diffusion of gases, we investigated whether hyperbaric @entity1 (HBO) exposure affects several vital parameters of stored blood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bloods obtained from the same @entity0 were used as both control and HBO groups and stored in pediatric bags with @entity4 - @entity3 - @entity2 solution. HBO administration was performed at 2.5 atm for 90 min, started 1 day after blood collection and repeated every 2 days for a total of 10 times. The study was terminated on the 21st day. Complete blood count, @entity2 , pH, and osmotic fragility values were measured every week. RESULTS: @entity2 and pH levels decreased in stored blood. In the HBO-exposed group, these decreases were less than in the control. In addition, mean corpuscular and platelet volumes tended to increase during storing process, but with HBO, these indexes remained lower, near physiologic levels. Another interesting finding of the study was the relative stable osmotic fragility ratio in the HBO group compared to the control blood. CONCLUSION: HBO exposure has positive effects on pH, stability of erythrocytes, and energy source ( @entity2 ) of the medium. Thus, we concluded that HBO may be a useful application for life and quality of stored blood.

title: A new utilization area for hyperbaric XXXX ? Improving quality of stored blood.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a common disorder for which mitral valve surgery is an established therapy. Although surgical indications are clearly defined for the management of @entity2 , a gap exists between current guidelines and their effective application. The study aim was to provide an insight into the diagnostic information provided for cardiac surgeons before performing mitral valve surgery. METHODS: The source documents and echocardiographic studies of 100 @entity0 , referred by nine hospitals, were screened for arguments for @entity1 severity justifying referral for surgery. Details of the documented @entity1 mechanism, mitral annulus (MA) size, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) severity and annulus size were also noted. RESULTS: According to the referring physician, @entity1 was severe in 83% and moderate-to-severe in 17%. In the great majority of @entity0 (98%) the @entity1 mechanism was mentioned, although specific information on the prolapsing scallops was available in only 17% of cases. The recommended primary determinants of @entity1 severity, vena contracta and proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) were measured in only 22% and 31% of @entity0 , respectively. In 94% of @entity0 with available PISA information this was described only qualitatively. Correct image expansion using the zoom mode was performed in only 25% of these @entity0 , and a correct adaptation of the Nyquist limit in only 6%. Tricuspid annulus measurements guiding the need for concomitant tricuspid valvuloplasty in @entity0 with less than severe @entity3 were reported in only 6% of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: These data demonstrate a clear and important gap between current guidelines and real-world practice with regards to the echocardiographic diagnostic information provided to the surgeon before performing mitral valve surgery.

title: Real-world echocardiography in XXXX referred for mitral valve surgery: the gap between guidelines and clinical practice.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the CACS and CAD severity assessed by MDCT in neuropathic type-2 @entity1 @entity0 with and without @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: Thirty-four @entity3 asymptomatic- @entity0 and 36 asymptomatic- @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) without @entity3 underwent MDCT to assess CACS and severity of CAD. @entity0 were classified as positive for significant CAD in presence of at least one @entity4 >50 % on MDCT-coronary-angiography (MDCT-CA). Groups were matched for age, sex and traditional CAD risk-factors. The coronary-angiography (CA) was performed in all @entity0 with at least a significant @entity4 detected by MDCT-CA, both as reference and eventually as treatment. RESULTS: @entity3 @entity0 showed higher rates of significant CAD in comparison with @entity5 subjects [p   <   0.001], while non-significant differences were observed in CACS (p   =   0.980). No significant differences were also observed in CACS distribution in all subjects for @entity4 >= /<50 % (p   =   0.814), as well as in both groups (p   =   0.661 and 0.559, respectively). The MDCT-CA showed an overall diagnostic-accuracy for significant CAD of 87%. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data suggest that @entity3 - @entity0 have a higher prevalence of severe CAD in comparison with @entity5 - @entity0 , while coronary plaques do not exhibit an increased amount of @entity2 . MDCT may be helpful to assess the CV risk in such asymptomatic type-2- @entity1 @entity0 with @entity6 . KEY POINTS: Type 2- @entity1 - @entity0 with @entity3 result having more severe coronary artery plaque-burden. MDCT-CA may stratify the CV risk in type 2- @entity1 - @entity0 with @entity3 . Adequate diagnostic is mandatory for optimal management of type 2- @entity1 - @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: MDCT assessment of CAD in type-2 @entity1 subjects with XXXX : the role of Charcot neuro-arthropathy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the CACS and CAD severity assessed by MDCT in neuropathic type-2 @entity1 @entity0 with and without @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: Thirty-four @entity3 asymptomatic- @entity0 and 36 asymptomatic- @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) without @entity3 underwent MDCT to assess CACS and severity of CAD. @entity0 were classified as positive for significant CAD in presence of at least one @entity4 >50 % on MDCT-coronary-angiography (MDCT-CA). Groups were matched for age, sex and traditional CAD risk-factors. The coronary-angiography (CA) was performed in all @entity0 with at least a significant @entity4 detected by MDCT-CA, both as reference and eventually as treatment. RESULTS: @entity3 @entity0 showed higher rates of significant CAD in comparison with @entity5 subjects [p   <   0.001], while non-significant differences were observed in CACS (p   =   0.980). No significant differences were also observed in CACS distribution in all subjects for @entity4 >= /<50 % (p   =   0.814), as well as in both groups (p   =   0.661 and 0.559, respectively). The MDCT-CA showed an overall diagnostic-accuracy for significant CAD of 87%. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary data suggest that @entity3 - @entity0 have a higher prevalence of severe CAD in comparison with @entity5 - @entity0 , while coronary plaques do not exhibit an increased amount of @entity2 . MDCT may be helpful to assess the CV risk in such asymptomatic type-2- @entity1 @entity0 with @entity6 . KEY POINTS: Type 2- @entity1 - @entity0 with @entity3 result having more severe coronary artery plaque-burden. MDCT-CA may stratify the CV risk in type 2- @entity1 - @entity0 with @entity3 . Adequate diagnostic is mandatory for optimal management of type 2- @entity1 - @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: MDCT assessment of CAD in type-2 XXXX subjects with @entity5 : the role of Charcot neuro-arthropathy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although recent studies suggest that measuring @entity7 ( @entity7 ) may be superior to  indirect atherosclerotic markers in predicting cardiac risk, there are limited data evaluating imaging-based biomarkers that directly quantify @entity8 in different vascular beds performed in a single cohort. OBJECTIVES: The BioImage Study (A Clinical Study of Burden of @entity8 in  an At-Risk Population) sought to identify imaging biomarkers that predict near-term (3-year) atherothrombotic events. METHODS: The BioImage Study enrolled 5,808 asymptomatic U.S. adults (mean age: 69 years, 56.5% female) in a prospective cohort evaluating the role of vascular imaging on cardiovascular risk prediction. All @entity0 were evaluated by @entity7 and novel 3-dimensional carotid ultrasound. Plaque areas from both carotid arteries were summed as the carotid plaque burden (cPB). The primary endpoint was the composite of major adverse @entity3 (MACE) ( @entity1 , @entity6 , and @entity4 ). A broader secondary MACE endpoint also included all-cause @entity2 , unstable @entity9 , and coronary revascularization. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 2.7 years, MACE occurred in 216 @entity0 (4.2%), of which 82 (1.5%) were primary events. After adjustment for risk  factors, and compared with individuals without any cPB, hazard ratios for MACE were 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.31 to 1.91), 1.45 (95% CI: 0.67 to 3.14), and 2.36 (95% CI: 1.13 to 4.92) with increasing cPB tertile, with similar results for @entity7 . Net  reclassification significantly improved with either cPB (0.23) or @entity7 (0.25). MACE rates increased simultaneously with higher levels of both cPB and @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: Detection of subclinical carotid or @entity5 improves risk predictions and reclassification compared with conventional risk factors, with comparable results for either modality. Cost-effective analyses are warranted to define the optimal roles of these complementary techniques. (BioImage Study: A Clinical Study of Burden of  @entity8 in an At-Risk Population; NCT00738725).

title: Prevalence, Impact, and Predictive Value of  Detecting Subclinical Coronary and Carotid  XXXX in Asymptomatic Adults: The BioImage Study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Determination of contact areas in @entity2 is necessary for understanding the state of stress within the articular cartilage layers and the supporting bony structures. The present study describes the use of a stereophotogrammetry (SPG) system [Huiskes et al., J. Biomechanics 18, 559-570 (1985) and Ateshian et al., J. Biomechanics 24, 761-776 (1991)] for determining contact areas in @entity2 , using a surface proximity concept similar to the one used by Scherrer et al. [ASME J. biomech. Engng 101, 271-278 (1979)]. This method consists of evaluating the proximity of the articular surfaces to determine joint contact areas using precise geometric models of the joint surfaces obtained from the SPG system, and precise kinematic data, also obtained from SPG. In this study, the SPG method for determining contact areas is compared to other commonly used methods such as dye staining, silicone rubber casting and Fuji film contact measurement techniques which have been often used and reported by other investigators. The @entity0 glenohumeral joint and the @entity0 lateral tibiofemoral articulation (without the meniscus) were used to represent congruent and incongruent joints, respectively. While all the methods yielded consistent contact patterns for the incongruent tibiofemoral articulations, the results for the congruent @entity0 glenohumeral joints showed that the SPG and Fuji film methods were in better agreement than those obtained from the dye staining and @entity1 rubber casting methods. The advantages of the new SPG method are that it can be used for intact joints, and used repeatedly and quickly thus making contact-area movement analyses possible [Soslowsky et al., J. orthop. Res. 10, 524-534 (1992)]. The results of this comparison study show that the SPG technique is a reliable and versatile method for determining contact areas in @entity2 .

title: A stereophotogrammetric method for determining in situ contact areas in XXXX , and a comparison with other methods.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep bruxism (SB) is a movement described as an involuntary mastication movement during sleep, also defined as @entity2 ( @entity2 ). It is observed in 2-40  % of the pediatric population. A link was suggested between respiratory events and @entity2 . Rapid palatal expansion (RPE) is an effective orthopedic treatment for correcting @entity4 and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity0 . The aim was to evaluate the possible reduction of SB after rapid palatal expansion (RPE) therapy. METHODS: A total of 32 @entity0 (8-14  years old; 22 @entity0 and 10 @entity0 ) received an orthodontic treatment for @entity4 (5  mm or more) at the orthodontics department of the Universit   de Montr  al. They underwent an ambulatory polysomnography (PSG) before, after expansion with the expander, and at the end of the study without the expander. They were classified into three subgroups based on sleep electromyography (EMG) data. RESULTS: Total sleep time and stage NREM 3 presented significant differences between the types of appliances. Moreover, there was a time effect observed for total sleep time, sleep cycles, stage NREM 2, and stage REM, while only a trend suggested for stage NREM 3. Significant differences were observed between subgroups for both @entity2 episodes and burst indexes, similarly, for the @entity1 desaturation index (ODI). A total of 50  % of the @entity0 were classified as responders when @entity2 episodes index decreased by more than 25  % when comparing treatment efficacy at baseline night. CONCLUSION: Most bruxers (65  %) reduced their @entity2 episode index after expansion, but sleep and respiratory variables remained unchanged.

title: The effect of rapid palatal expansion on sleep bruxism in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Major @entity1 (MVI) is a dangerous complication associated with laparoscopic surgery that leads, if not properly handled, to @entity2 , conversion to open surgery, and eventually death. In this paper, we describe the preliminary evaluation of the SimPORTAL MVI model, created with the goal of simulating an intra-corporeal injury to a large vessel. METHODS: For this study, we created MVI models for 17 residents (PGY 1-4). Each resident was asked to perform an intracorporeal knot on a penrose drain within a maximum time limit of 6  min (in accordance with European basic laparoscopic urological skills rules) and then to subsequently repair a @entity1 on the MVI model, which was perfused with synthetic blood, within a maximum @entity2 of 3  L. During the vessel repair, low lights and pulse sounds were used to simulate the operating room environment. All @entity0 filled out a survey pre- and post-task to score various aspects of the model. RESULTS: We successfully created a model that simulates a critical surgical event. None of the @entity0 reported having previous experience repairing a MVI. Six @entity0 were able to perform the intracorporeal knot, and 12 residents (70.5  %) were able to repair the MVI model under the given time and @entity2 limits. Eleven @entity0 agreed that the MVI model behaves like a real vessel, and six felt to be capable of performing the task prior to attempting it. Sixteen @entity0 thought that the MVI model should be part of laparoscopic curriculums during residency. CONCLUSIONS: The SimPORTAL MVI model is a feasible low-cost model that would be well appreciated as a part of laparoscopic curriculum for residents. Minor improvements, including pressure measurement in the vessel for task assessment, will be made in the future, and further studies are necessary to definitively validate this model.

title: Preliminary evaluation of the SimPORTAL major XXXX (MVI) repair model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In cases of @entity4 without any accompanying findings, some @entity0 locate their @entity4 below the attachment of the lobule, at the apex of the jugulodigastric region. PURPOSE: To present a series of these @entity0 for whom nasal @entity2 or myringotomy usually ameliorated their @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 with normal physical examinations, tympanograms, and age-appropriate audiograms spontaneously indicated @entity4 at "the @entity4 point." Inspection of the oropharynx and nasal airway, palpation of the neck and temporal mandibular joints, and nasopharyngoscopy/laryngoscopy ruled out referred causes of @entity4 . @entity0 were offered either nasal @entity3 spray or trial myringotomy followed by tympanostomy tube. RESULTS: @entity4 improved in all 10 (100%) @entity0 who selected nasal @entity2 . @entity4 resolved in 17 of 20 (85%) myringotomy @entity0 . Three @entity0 declined intervention. In all, symptoms improved in 27/29 treated @entity0 (93%). CONCLUSION: This description of "the @entity4 point" introduces a new otolaryngologic gesture in physical examination that can aid in the therapeutic management of some @entity0 with @entity4 and normal examinations. This is an uncontrolled case series that serves as a pilot study for further exploration of this gesture.

title: The XXXX Point: A Novel Clinical Gesture in Otolaryngology.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Bone marrow and @entity1 , clastogenicity and aneugenicity were analyzed in the @entity4 @entity0 using an antikinetochore antibody (AKA) procedure (Krishna et al., Mutation Res., 282, 159-169, 1992). Further, to verify the fluorescence micronucleus (MN) analysis, additional slides were stained with Wright's Giemsa and results were compared. 5 @entity0 per sex were treated with @entity2 (CP) (40 mg/kg) or @entity3 (VC) (0.1 or 0.2 mg/kg). Slides were prepared 24 h postdose using a column fractionation procedure. Per animal, 400 total erythrocytes (TEs) for @entity1 and 2000 polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) for MN per tissue were analyzed. In the fluorescent method, the clastogen, CP, produced MNPCEs predominantly devoid of kinetochores (K) and the aneugen, VC, produced mostly MNPCEs containing K. The MNPCE frequency did not differ significantly between tissues; however, it differed statistically between sexes. On an overall basis, spleen had significantly lower PCE to TE ratios compared to bone marrow. In general, CP and VC caused a small, but statistically significant decrease in PCE frequencies compared to controls, suggesting possible @entity1 to these tissues at the given doses. The data on Wright's stain indicated that the proportion of PCEs and MNPCEs in general, were comparable to those using fluorescent stain. This study further confirms the usefulness of an AKA-staining technique in a multiple genetic endpoint evaluation under a single set of microscopic conditions.

title: Comparative XXXX micronucleus evaluation in bone marrow and spleen using immunofluorescence and Wright's Giemsa.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Early-onset and late-onset @entity2 (EOAD and LOAD) are two forms of the disease with the same characteristic neuropathological hallmarks. However, higher burdens of @entity4 and @entity6 in frontal and parietal lobes have been found in EOAD than in LOAD @entity0 . Thus, the EOAD subjects may have a differentiated clinical presentation compared to the LOAD ones. Some authors have found less hippocampal memory presentations and more focal @entity5 (such as @entity3 ) in EOAD than LOAD @entity0 . The aim of the present study was to determine which initial clinical profiles differ between EOAD and LOAD; and to analyze whether another age cut-off could discriminate better between EOAD and LOAD clinical presentations than the conventional limit of 65. All @entity0 fulfilling NINCDS-ADRDA criteria for probable @entity2 who referred to our Hospital between October 2007 and December 2012 were included in the study. The conventional age limit of 65 was established to distinguish between EOAD and LOAD. Baseline neuropsychological scores, adjusted for age and education, were compared between both groups. A total of 181 @entity0 (38 EOAD, 143 LOAD) entered in the analysis. Sex distribution and time of evolution of symptoms did not differ between groups. The EOAD @entity0 performed worse than LOAD in attentional, imitation praxis and verbal learning tests. In addition, the age cut-off of 70 was found to differentiate between early- and late-onset groups better than the standard cut-off of 65  years old. Our results support a differentiated @entity1 pattern in EOAD compared to LOAD.

title: Differentiated clinical presentation of early and late-onset XXXX : is 65  years of age providing a reliable threshold?

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 , the causative agent for African @entity3 , possesses a single mitochondrion that imports hundreds of proteins from the cytosol. However, the parasite only possesses a few homologs of the canonical protein translocases found in fungi and animals. We recently characterized a homolog of the translocase of the mitochondrial inner membrane, Tim50, in @entity1 . TbTim50 knockdown (KD) moderately reduced cell growth, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibited import of proteins into mitochondria. In contrast to Tim50 KD, we show here that TbTim50 overexpression (OE) increased the mitochondrial membrane potential as well as increased the production of cellular reactive @entity0 species (ROS). Therefore, TbTim50 OE also inhibits cell growth. In addition, TbTim50 OE and KD cells showed different responses upon treatment with @entity2 . Surprisingly, TbTim50 KD cells showed a greater tolerance to oxidative stress. Further analysis revealed that TbTim50 KD inhibits transition of cells from an early to late apoptotic stage upon exposure to increasing concentrations of @entity2 . On the other hand TbTim50 OE caused cells to be in a pro-apoptotic stage and thus they underwent increased cell death upon @entity2 treatment. However, externally added @entity2 similarly increased the levels of cellular ROS and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential in both cell types, indicating that tolerance to ROS is mediated through induction of the stress-response pathway due to TbTim50 KD. Together, these results suggest that TbTim50 acts as a stress sensor and that down regulation of Tim50 could be a survival mechanism for @entity1 exposed to oxidative stress.

title: Down regulation of Tim50 in XXXX increases tolerance to oxidative stress.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Psychological changes during @entity2 are well known. However, no studies were performed in order to quantify or evaluate them in numerical details. We have studied the personality of 15 @entity0 with @entity5 by means of the 16PF Cattell Test, before and after treatment of @entity2 with surgery or radioactive @entity3 . The first test was performed when @entity0 relapsed the @entity5 after a period of euthyroidism, achieved through the treatment with antithyroid drugs during one year. At the time of the second test all @entity0 had 6-12 months of euthyroidism. Hormonal circulating levels were as follow (mean +/- SEM): a) at the first test, T3 = 320 +/- 27 ng/dl, T4 = 19.7 +/- 1.2 micrograms/dl, TSH < 0.2 microU/ml; b) at the second test, T3 = 128 +/- 9 ng/dl, T4 = 8.8 +/- 0.8 micrograms/dl, TSH = 1.9 +/- 0.4 microU/ml. Differences between both tests were expressed for each factor as the mean difference +/- @entity6 (paired "t" test). After treatment @entity0 were: 1) more relaxed and emotionally trustful and cooperative (factor A + 1.06 +/- 0.39, p < 0.02); 2) better and faster intellectual comprehension (factor B + 0.80 +/- 0.31, p < 0.05); 3) more capable of analysis (factor Q1 + 0.93 +/- 0.41, p < 0.05); 4) lower in lingering @entity1 and @entity4 (factor Q4-0.87 +/- 0.36, p < 0.05); 5) more independent, less submissive (factor QIV + 0.88 +/- 0.41, p < 0.05); 6) more relaxed (factor QI-0.69 +/- 0.20, p < 0.01). The other factors remained unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Psychological changes during XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The crucial role of angiogenesis in @entity0 behaviour has been studied extensively in vitro. The authors assessed the in vivo angiogenesis in @entity1 by color Doppler ultrasound and waveform analysis. METHODS: The intratumor artery resistance index (RI) of 222 @entity1 referred for color Doppler ultrasound evaluation was measured, and the corresponding histopathologic diagnosis was recorded. RESULTS: Satisfactory intratumor artery waveforms were obtained at an average of 1.12 sites in 44.7% (68 of 152) of @entity0 and at 6.28 sites in 97.1% (68 of 70) of the malignant group. Great heterogeneity in RI values existed. The RI of the intratumor artery in the benign group during the follicular phase (mean, 0.678) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than that of the luteal phase (mean, 0.414), @entity1 (n = 34; mean, 0.402), @entity2 (n = 6; mean, 0.413), @entity0 metastasized to the ovary (n = 18; mean, 0.357), and other rare @entity0 (n = 4; mean, 0.435). The RI of primary @entity1 (n = 41; mean, 0.411) was significantly higher than that of @entity0 metastasized to the ovary (P < 0.05). The RI values of epithelium-originated @entity0 showed a significant incremental decrease from @entity0 (n = 48; mean, 0.695) toward borderline @entity0 (n = 6; mean, 0.535; P < 0.01), early-stage @entity1 (n = 10; mean, 0.485; P < 0.01), and, finally, to advanced-stage @entity1 (n = 29; mean, 0.398; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Angiogenesis is a common phenomenon in @entity1 , but the intensity of neovascularization may depend on individual @entity0 characteristics. The authors documented the incremental decrease of the resistance index in @entity1 , which may reflect the increase in angiogenesis intensity as an indication of malignant potential.

title: Incremental angiogenesis assessed by color Doppler ultrasound in the tumorigenesis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity6 (MESA) showed that the addition of coronary artery @entity4 ( @entity7 ) to traditional risk factors improves risk classification, particularly in intermediate risk asymptomatic @entity0 with LDL @entity2 levels <160 mg/dL. However, the cost-effectiveness of incorporating @entity7 into treatment decision rules has yet to be clearly delineated. OBJECTIVE: To model the cost-effectiveness of @entity7 for cardiovascular risk stratification in asymptomatic, intermediate risk @entity0 not taking a statin. Treatment based on @entity7 was compared to (1) treatment of all intermediate-risk @entity0 , and (2) treatment on the basis of United States guidelines. METHODS: We developed a Markov model of first @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) events. We modeled statin treatment in intermediate risk @entity0 with @entity8 and @entity7 >= 100, with different intensities of statins based on the @entity7 score. We compared these @entity7 -based treatment strategies to a "treat all" strategy and to treatment according to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines. Clinical and economic outcomes were modeled over both five- and ten-year time horizons. Outcomes consisted of @entity3 and @entity1 events and Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). Sensitivity analyses considered the effect of higher event rates, different @entity7 and statin costs, indirect costs, and re-scanning @entity0 with @entity5 . RESULTS: We project that it is both cost-saving and more effective to scan intermediate-risk @entity0 for @entity7 and to treat those with @entity8 , compared to treatment based on established risk-assessment guidelines. Treating @entity0 with @entity7 >= 100 is also preferred to existing guidelines when we account for statin side effects and the disutility of statin use. CONCLUSION: Compared to the alternatives we assessed, @entity7 testing is both effective and cost saving as a risk-stratification tool, particularly if there are adverse effects of long-term statin use. @entity7 may enable providers to better tailor preventive therapy to @entity0 ' risks of @entity1 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of coronary artery @entity4 testing for coronary heart and XXXX risk prediction to guide statin allocation: the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity6 (MESA).

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity6 (MESA) showed that the addition of coronary artery @entity4 ( @entity7 ) to traditional risk factors improves risk classification, particularly in intermediate risk asymptomatic @entity0 with LDL @entity2 levels <160 mg/dL. However, the cost-effectiveness of incorporating @entity7 into treatment decision rules has yet to be clearly delineated. OBJECTIVE: To model the cost-effectiveness of @entity7 for cardiovascular risk stratification in asymptomatic, intermediate risk @entity0 not taking a statin. Treatment based on @entity7 was compared to (1) treatment of all intermediate-risk @entity0 , and (2) treatment on the basis of United States guidelines. METHODS: We developed a Markov model of first @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) events. We modeled statin treatment in intermediate risk @entity0 with @entity8 and @entity7 >= 100, with different intensities of statins based on the @entity7 score. We compared these @entity7 -based treatment strategies to a "treat all" strategy and to treatment according to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines. Clinical and economic outcomes were modeled over both five- and ten-year time horizons. Outcomes consisted of @entity3 and @entity1 events and Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). Sensitivity analyses considered the effect of higher event rates, different @entity7 and statin costs, indirect costs, and re-scanning @entity0 with @entity5 . RESULTS: We project that it is both cost-saving and more effective to scan intermediate-risk @entity0 for @entity7 and to treat those with @entity8 , compared to treatment based on established risk-assessment guidelines. Treating @entity0 with @entity7 >= 100 is also preferred to existing guidelines when we account for statin side effects and the disutility of statin use. CONCLUSION: Compared to the alternatives we assessed, @entity7 testing is both effective and cost saving as a risk-stratification tool, particularly if there are adverse effects of long-term statin use. @entity7 may enable providers to better tailor preventive therapy to @entity0 ' risks of @entity1 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of coronary artery XXXX testing for coronary heart and @entity1 risk prediction to guide statin allocation: the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity6 (MESA).

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity6 (MESA) showed that the addition of coronary artery @entity4 ( @entity7 ) to traditional risk factors improves risk classification, particularly in intermediate risk asymptomatic @entity0 with LDL @entity2 levels <160 mg/dL. However, the cost-effectiveness of incorporating @entity7 into treatment decision rules has yet to be clearly delineated. OBJECTIVE: To model the cost-effectiveness of @entity7 for cardiovascular risk stratification in asymptomatic, intermediate risk @entity0 not taking a statin. Treatment based on @entity7 was compared to (1) treatment of all intermediate-risk @entity0 , and (2) treatment on the basis of United States guidelines. METHODS: We developed a Markov model of first @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) events. We modeled statin treatment in intermediate risk @entity0 with @entity8 and @entity7 >= 100, with different intensities of statins based on the @entity7 score. We compared these @entity7 -based treatment strategies to a "treat all" strategy and to treatment according to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines. Clinical and economic outcomes were modeled over both five- and ten-year time horizons. Outcomes consisted of @entity3 and @entity1 events and Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs). Sensitivity analyses considered the effect of higher event rates, different @entity7 and statin costs, indirect costs, and re-scanning @entity0 with @entity5 . RESULTS: We project that it is both cost-saving and more effective to scan intermediate-risk @entity0 for @entity7 and to treat those with @entity8 , compared to treatment based on established risk-assessment guidelines. Treating @entity0 with @entity7 >= 100 is also preferred to existing guidelines when we account for statin side effects and the disutility of statin use. CONCLUSION: Compared to the alternatives we assessed, @entity7 testing is both effective and cost saving as a risk-stratification tool, particularly if there are adverse effects of long-term statin use. @entity7 may enable providers to better tailor preventive therapy to @entity0 ' risks of @entity1 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of coronary artery @entity4 testing for coronary heart and @entity1 risk prediction to guide statin allocation: the Multi-Ethnic Study of XXXX (MESA).

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIMS: To determine the differential effects of genetic polymorphism in @entity4 and @entity6 on risk of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) between phakic vs. @entity2 . METHODS: 9,529 eyes of 4,918 @entity0 from the Singapore Malay Eye Study and Singapore Indian Eye Study were analyzed. @entity0 had detailed eye examinations, including slit-lamp examinations and dilated fundus photography. @entity3 grading was performed according to the Wisconsin age-related @entity3 grading system. Lens status was defined. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) @entity7 ( @entity5 ) within @entity4 and @entity8 in @entity6 were assessed. The main outcome measure was early @entity3 or any @entity3 . RESULTS: No significant associations between the @entity4 @entity5 genotypes and early @entity3 were found in phakic individuals. In contrast, among pseudophakic/aphakic individuals, the @entity4 @entity5 risk genotypes were significantly associated with higher odds of early @entity3 , with an OR of 1.57 (95% CI: 1.07-2.29) for GA genotype and 2.40 (95% CI: 1.25-4.61) for AA genotype, compared to those with GG genotype. There was significant interaction between pseudophakic/aphakic status and @entity4 @entity5 variant on risk of early @entity3 (p = 0.037), adjusting for age, gender, and the first 5 genetic principal components. No significant interaction was found between lens status and @entity6 @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 genetic polymorphism and pseudophakic/aphakic status may have a potential synergistic effect on early @entity3 , suggesting roles for the complement system and related pathways in the pathogenesis of @entity3 in eyes after @entity1 surgery.

title: Lens Status Influences the Association between XXXX Polymorphisms and Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Findings from Two Population-Based Studies in Singapore.

answer: @entity4


abstract: ADAMTSs are a family of secreted proteinases that share the metalloproteinase domain with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). By acting on a large panel of extracellular substrates, they control several cell functions such as fusion, adhesion, proliferation and migration. Through their thrombospondin motifs they also possess anti-angiogenic properties. We investigated whether ADAMTSs participate in @entity1 progression and invasion. Their expression was investigated at both mRNA and protein levels. Using RT-PCR, the expression of @entity4 and @entity7 was estimated in @entity1 of different @entity0 stage and anatomic site and 3 cell lines of different @entity2 . An overexpression of @entity6 was observed, especially in tissue samples, whereas @entity8 were found to be down-regulated. Western blot analysis further supported the RT-PCR findings, revealing in addition the degradation of @entity8 in @entity0 . In situ expression and localization of @entity9 was also investigated by immunohistochemical analysis. Our data suggest a positive correlation between @entity6 expression and @entity0 progression, in contrast with the anti-angiogenic members of the family, @entity8 , which were found to be down-regulated. Our findings support the notion that overexpression of @entity5 and @entity3 in @entity1 might be a possible invasive mechanism of @entity0 cells in order to degrade proteoglycans of ECM.

title: ADAMTS Expression in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity and reliability of German Diagnosis Related Group administrative data to measure indicators of @entity0 safety in comparison to clinical records. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted using chart review (CR) as gold standard and screening of associated administrative data based on DRG coding. SETTING: Three German somatic acute care hospitals for adults. @entity0 : A total of 3000 cases treated between May and December, 2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Eight indicators were used to analyse the incidence of associated adverse events (AEs): pressure ulcers, @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity4 , acute @entity3 and wound @entity2 . We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity8 ) and Cohen's Kappa with 95% confidence intervals. RESULTS: Screening of administrative data identified 171 AEs and 456 were identified by CR. A number of 135 identical events were identified by both methods. Sensitivities for the detection of AEs using administrative data ranged from 6 to 100%. Specificities ranged from 99 to 100%. @entity8 were 33 to 100% and reliabilities were 12 to 85%. CONCLUSIONS: Indicators based on German administrative data deviate widely from indicators based on clinical data. Therefore, hospitals should be cautious to use indicators based on administrative data for quality assurance. However, some might be useful for case findings and quality improvement. The precision of the evaluated indicators needs further development to detect AEs by the valid use of administrative data.

title: Are administrative data valid when measuring XXXX safety in hospitals? A comparison of data collection methods using a chart review and administrative data.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Brain white matter is frequently affected in @entity4 ; @entity3 gene 1-autosomal dominant @entity3 and @entity5 are the most frequent mitochondrial monosymptomatic @entity2 . In this observational study, brain white matter microstructure was characterized by DTI in @entity0 with @entity3 gene 1-autosomal dominant @entity3 and @entity5 , in relation to clinical and genetic features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nineteen @entity0 with @entity3 gene 1-autosomal dominant @entity3 and 17 with @entity5 older than 18 years of age, all genetically diagnosed, and 19 healthy volunteers underwent DTI by using a 1.5T MR imaging scanner and neurologic and ophthalmologic assessments. Brain white matter DTI metrics were calculated for all @entity0 , and, in @entity0 , their correlations with genetics and clinical findings were calculated. RESULTS: Compared with controls, @entity0 with @entity3 gene 1-autosomal dominant @entity3 had an increased mean diffusivity in 29.2% of voxels analyzed within major white matter tracts distributed throughout the brain, while fractional anisotropy was reduced in 30.3% of voxels. For @entity0 with @entity5 , the proportion of altered voxels was only 0.5% and 5.5%, respectively, of which half was found within the optic radiation and 3.5%, in the smaller acoustic radiation. In almost all regions, fractional anisotropy diminished with age in @entity0 with @entity3 gene 1-autosomal dominant @entity3 and correlated with average retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in several areas. Mean diffusivity increased in those with a missense mutation. @entity0 with @entity5 taking @entity6 had slightly milder changes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity5 had preferential involvement of the optic and acoustic radiations, consistent with trans-synaptic degeneration, whereas @entity0 with @entity3 gene 1-autosomal dominant @entity3 presented with widespread involvement suggestive of a multisystemic, possibly a @entity1 . White matter changes in @entity5 and @entity3 gene 1-autosomal dominant @entity3 may be exploitable as biomarkers.

title: Diffusion Tensor Imaging Mapping of Brain White Matter Pathology in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The vascular hypothesis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), called chronic @entity2 (CCSVI), and its treatment (known as liberation therapy) was immediately rejected by experts but enthusiastically gripped by @entity0 who shared their experiences with other @entity0 worldwide by use of social media, such as @entity0 online forums. Contradictions between scientific information and lay experiences may be a source of distress for @entity1 @entity0 , but we do not know how @entity0 perceive and deal with these contradictions. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to understand whether scientific and experiential knowledge were experienced as contradictory in @entity1 @entity0 online forums and, if so, how these contradictions were resolved and how @entity0 tried to reconcile the CCSVI debate with their own illness history and experience. METHODS: By using critical discourse analysis, we studied CCSVI-related posts in the @entity0 online forum of the German @entity1 Society in a chronological order from the first post mentioning CCSVI to the time point when saturation was reached. For that time period, a total of 117 CCSVI-related threads containing 1907 posts were identified. We analyzed the interaction and communication practices of and between individuals, looked for the relation between concrete subtopics to identify more abstract discourse strands, and tried to reveal discourse positions explaining how users took part in the CCSVI discussion. RESULTS: There was an emotionally charged debate about CCSVI which could be generalized to 2 discourse strands: (1) the "downfall of the professional knowledge providers" and (2) the "rise of the nonprofessional treasure trove of experience." The discourse strands indicated that the discussion moved away from the question whether scientific or experiential knowledge had more evidentiary value. Rather, the question whom to trust (ie, scientists, fellow sufferers, or no one at all) was of fundamental significance. Four discourse positions could be identified by arranging them into the dimensions "trust in evidence-based knowledge," "trust in experience-based knowledge," and "subjectivity" (ie, the emotional character of contributions manifested by the use of popular rhetoric that seemed to mask a deep personal involvement). CONCLUSIONS: By critical discourse analysis of the CCSVI discussion in a @entity0 online forum, we reconstruct a lay discourse about the evidentiary value of knowledge. We detected evidence criteria in this lay discourse that are different from those in the expert discourse. But we should be cautious to interpret this dissociation as a sign of an intellectual incapability to understand scientific evidence or a na  ve trust in experiential knowledge. Instead, it might be an indication of cognitive dissonance reduction to protect oneself against contradictory information.

title: Scientific Versus Experiential Evidence: Discourse Analysis of the Chronic @entity2 Debate in a XXXX Forum.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The vascular hypothesis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), called chronic @entity2 (CCSVI), and its treatment (known as liberation therapy) was immediately rejected by experts but enthusiastically gripped by @entity0 who shared their experiences with other @entity0 worldwide by use of social media, such as @entity0 online forums. Contradictions between scientific information and lay experiences may be a source of distress for @entity1 @entity0 , but we do not know how @entity0 perceive and deal with these contradictions. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to understand whether scientific and experiential knowledge were experienced as contradictory in @entity1 @entity0 online forums and, if so, how these contradictions were resolved and how @entity0 tried to reconcile the CCSVI debate with their own illness history and experience. METHODS: By using critical discourse analysis, we studied CCSVI-related posts in the @entity0 online forum of the German @entity1 Society in a chronological order from the first post mentioning CCSVI to the time point when saturation was reached. For that time period, a total of 117 CCSVI-related threads containing 1907 posts were identified. We analyzed the interaction and communication practices of and between individuals, looked for the relation between concrete subtopics to identify more abstract discourse strands, and tried to reveal discourse positions explaining how users took part in the CCSVI discussion. RESULTS: There was an emotionally charged debate about CCSVI which could be generalized to 2 discourse strands: (1) the "downfall of the professional knowledge providers" and (2) the "rise of the nonprofessional treasure trove of experience." The discourse strands indicated that the discussion moved away from the question whether scientific or experiential knowledge had more evidentiary value. Rather, the question whom to trust (ie, scientists, fellow sufferers, or no one at all) was of fundamental significance. Four discourse positions could be identified by arranging them into the dimensions "trust in evidence-based knowledge," "trust in experience-based knowledge," and "subjectivity" (ie, the emotional character of contributions manifested by the use of popular rhetoric that seemed to mask a deep personal involvement). CONCLUSIONS: By critical discourse analysis of the CCSVI discussion in a @entity0 online forum, we reconstruct a lay discourse about the evidentiary value of knowledge. We detected evidence criteria in this lay discourse that are different from those in the expert discourse. But we should be cautious to interpret this dissociation as a sign of an intellectual incapability to understand scientific evidence or a na  ve trust in experiential knowledge. Instead, it might be an indication of cognitive dissonance reduction to protect oneself against contradictory information.

title: Scientific Versus Experiential Evidence: Discourse Analysis of the Chronic XXXX Debate in a @entity1 Forum.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Nanomedicine has recently emerged as a better option for the treatment of @entity2 . Here, we investigated the in vivo anticoccidial properties of @entity6 nanoparticles (ZNPs). ZNPs were crystalline in nature, with a smooth and spherical surface and a diameter in the range of ~10-15 nm. The X-ray diffraction pattern was utilized to identify the crystalline property of the grown ZNPs, whereas field emission scanning electron microscopy was employed to check the size and morphology of the ZNPs. The data showed that @entity0 infected with Eimeria papillata produced 29.7*10(3)  1,500 oocysts/g feces on day 5 postinfection. This output was significantly decreased, to 12.5*10(3)  1,000 oocysts, in @entity0 treated with ZNPs. @entity3 also induced @entity1 and injury of the jejunum. This was evidenced (1) through an increase in the inflammatory histological score, (2) through increased production of @entity4 and @entity5 , and (3) through a decrease in both the @entity7 level and goblet cell number in @entity0 jejuna. All these @entity3 -induced parameters were significantly altered during treatment with ZNPs. Our results indicate, therefore, that ZNPs have protective effects against E. papillata-induced @entity8 .

title: Anticoccidial and antioxidant activities of XXXX nanoparticles on Eimeria papillata-induced @entity3 in the jejunum.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Nanomedicine has recently emerged as a better option for the treatment of @entity2 . Here, we investigated the in vivo anticoccidial properties of @entity6 nanoparticles (ZNPs). ZNPs were crystalline in nature, with a smooth and spherical surface and a diameter in the range of ~10-15 nm. The X-ray diffraction pattern was utilized to identify the crystalline property of the grown ZNPs, whereas field emission scanning electron microscopy was employed to check the size and morphology of the ZNPs. The data showed that @entity0 infected with Eimeria papillata produced 29.7*10(3)  1,500 oocysts/g feces on day 5 postinfection. This output was significantly decreased, to 12.5*10(3)  1,000 oocysts, in @entity0 treated with ZNPs. @entity3 also induced @entity1 and injury of the jejunum. This was evidenced (1) through an increase in the inflammatory histological score, (2) through increased production of @entity4 and @entity5 , and (3) through a decrease in both the @entity7 level and goblet cell number in @entity0 jejuna. All these @entity3 -induced parameters were significantly altered during treatment with ZNPs. Our results indicate, therefore, that ZNPs have protective effects against E. papillata-induced @entity8 .

title: Anticoccidial and antioxidant activities of @entity6 nanoparticles on Eimeria papillata-induced XXXX in the jejunum.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The success of chemotherapy for Stage III @entity4 warranted its use as an adjuvant therapy for @entity1 . The current report reflects the adjuvant program begun at the University of Minnesota using four courses of @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity5 (VBP) before the onset of the @entity1 Intergroup Study using two courses of chemotherapies. METHODS: A review of 78 @entity0 with Stage II nonseminomatous germ cell @entity1 treated between 1972 and 1986 defined three groups: 19 @entity0 treated between 1972 and 1979 with various adjuvant chemotherapies (termed "other"), 37 @entity0 treated from 1975 to 1986 with VBP adjuvant chemotherapy, and 21 @entity0 who received no therapy during the same era of VBP. The latter group was not offered adjuvant chemotherapy at other institutions or declined therapy. RESULTS: Nineteen @entity0 received adjuvant chemotherapy before the @entity5 era. Their survival rate was 42%, including two @entity0 treated with @entity5 -based chemotherapy for recurrence. In the group of 21 @entity0 who did not receive adjuvant therapy, 14 (66.7%) survived. Of these, five had no recurrence and nine were treated for recurrence. In a third group, adjuvant VBP therapy was given to 37 @entity0 , 32 of whom received four full courses. There have been no recurrences, and 36 (97.3%) remain alive; one @entity2 @entity0 with @entity3 died of a @entity7 12.9 years after the retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Nodal involvement was more extensive in the VBP group. CONCLUSION: Four courses of VBP adjuvant chemotherapy for pathologic @entity1 resulted in a 100% cure rate, all @entity0 having been followed up for more than 6 years. Whether two courses are as adequate remains to be determined when long-term follow-up is reported.

title: Adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II nonseminomatous XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Skin @entity1 incidence is rising, placing a burden on healthcare systems worldwide. This problem may even be more extensive than expected, since registration of (pre) @entity1 of the skin is poor. OBJECTIVE: To provide insight into the numbers of (pre) @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in 2 university and 2 general hospitals. METHODS: The types and numbers of previous @entity1 and of @entity1 during a two-year follow-up were collected from 574 @entity0 . RESULTS: Mean time between the first diagnosed (pre)malignancy and time of inclusion was 6.6 years. Overall, 60% had multiple types of (pre) @entity1 . In @entity4 @entity0 , 61% had multiple BCCs, in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), 40% had multiple SCCs. The combination ' @entity4 and @entity2 ' occurred in 10%, ' @entity4 and AK' in 47%, ' @entity2 and AK' in 14%. CONCLUSION: High numbers of @entity0 with multiple (pre) @entity1 were found in this @entity0 population in university and general hospitals, which may well reflect the Dutch hospital population. We conclude that @entity3 @entity0 are more extensively affected than was expected up till now. Consequently, the management of @entity3 may be in need of adaptation in near future and the question arises whether dermatologists have the capacity for providing care for all these @entity0 .

title: Insight into the number of pre- @entity1 and XXXX of the skin in a hospital population in the Netherlands.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Skin @entity1 incidence is rising, placing a burden on healthcare systems worldwide. This problem may even be more extensive than expected, since registration of (pre) @entity1 of the skin is poor. OBJECTIVE: To provide insight into the numbers of (pre) @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in 2 university and 2 general hospitals. METHODS: The types and numbers of previous @entity1 and of @entity1 during a two-year follow-up were collected from 574 @entity0 . RESULTS: Mean time between the first diagnosed (pre)malignancy and time of inclusion was 6.6 years. Overall, 60% had multiple types of (pre) @entity1 . In @entity4 @entity0 , 61% had multiple BCCs, in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), 40% had multiple SCCs. The combination ' @entity4 and @entity2 ' occurred in 10%, ' @entity4 and AK' in 47%, ' @entity2 and AK' in 14%. CONCLUSION: High numbers of @entity0 with multiple (pre) @entity1 were found in this @entity0 population in university and general hospitals, which may well reflect the Dutch hospital population. We conclude that @entity3 @entity0 are more extensively affected than was expected up till now. Consequently, the management of @entity3 may be in need of adaptation in near future and the question arises whether dermatologists have the capacity for providing care for all these @entity0 .

title: Insight into the number of pre- XXXX and @entity1 of the skin in a hospital population in the Netherlands.

answer: @entity1