abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity2 often share a comparable demographic profile. The aim of this analysis was to assess the significance and prevalence of preexisting CV comorbidity and events in @entity7 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A total of 715 consecutive @entity7 @entity0 diagnosed between 2004 and 2009 at the Medical University of Innsbruck were retrospectively assessed regarding CV comorbidities, risk factors, @entity1 treatment, CV events occurring after the start of treatment, and outcome. RESULTS: At least one CV comorbidity was present in 462 (67.2%) of 687 evaluable @entity0 . CV events were documented in 68 @entity0 (9.5%), with conduction disorders being the most prevalent (n  = 19), followed by @entity4 (n  = 13), @entity5 (n  = 13), sudden CV @entity3 (n  = 12), need of revascularization (n  = 6), and @entity8 (n  = 5). Median time between diagnosis of @entity7 and CV event was 13.9 months. CV comorbidities and events both showed a direct correlation with increasing age, affecting up to 87.3% and 35.2% of all octogenarians in the study, respectively. The following CV comorbidities were significantly associated with CV events: @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity4 . Overall survival was not reduced in @entity0 experiencing a CV event compared to @entity0 without an event. CONCLUSION: CV disease and events are frequently observed in @entity7 @entity0 . To provide definitive recommendations on impact, prevention, and screening of CV disease in @entity7 , prospective trials are desirable.

title: Cardiovascular Comorbidities and Events in  XXXX : Often Underestimated but Worth  Considering.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) represents the culmination of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) research, and its most successful application to date. Over a thousand POEMs have been performed globally with remarkable results in terms of clinical efficacy and safety. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We examine the most recent literature concerning POEM since the last two comprehensive analyses [Natural Orifice Surgery Consortium for Assessment and Research (NOSCAR) White Paper, ASGE Preservation and Incorporation of Valuable endoscopic Innovations (PIVI)], and integrate this literature in the consensus POEM guidelines and perspective. These current works are largely centered on POEM operator learning curve, comparison of POEM and laparoscopic Heller myotomy (LHM) and extended application of POEM. RECENT FINDINGS: POEM and LHM are comparable in terms of efficacy (diminished @entity3 and Eckardt score) and complications including @entity1 . POEM has been successfully performed in a wide variety of @entity0 including @entity0 , those with prior @entity4 therapy and those with @entity2 . SUMMARY: POEM has been validated as a treatment for @entity4 . Issues remain regarding its longer term efficacy in comparison with LHM. Subsequent comparison trials are needed. VIDEO ABSTRACT: http://links.lww.com/COG/ @entity5 .

title: Per oral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Emerging knowledge of the role of atheroprotective immune responses in modulating @entity0 and tissue repair in @entity2 has provided promising opportunities to develop novel therapies directly targeting the disease process in the artery wall. @entity3 (Treg) cells have a protective role through release of anti-inflammatory cytokines and suppression of auto-reactive effector T cells. Studies in experimental animals have shown that blocking the generation or action of Treg cells is associated with more aggressive development of @entity2 . Conversely, cell transfer and other approaches to expand Treg cell populations in vivo result in reduced @entity2 . There have been relatively few clinical studies of Treg cells and @entity1 but the available evidence also supports a protective function. These observations have raised hope that it may be possible to develop therapies that act by enforcing the suppressive activities of Treg cells in @entity2 . One approach to achieve this goal has been through development of vaccines that stimulate immunological tolerance for plaque antigens. Several pilot vaccines based on LDL-derived antigens have demonstrated promising results in preclinical testing. If such therapies can be shown to be effective also in clinical trials, this could have an important impact on cardiovascular prevention and treatment. Here, we review the current knowledge of the mode of action of atheroprotective immunity and of the ways to stimulate such pathways in experimental settings. The challenges in translating this knowledge into the clinical setting are also discussed within the perspective of the experience of introducing immune-based therapies for other chronic non-infectious diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Atheroprotective immunity and XXXX : therapeutic opportunities and challenges.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Case Description This case reviews the acute care and rehabilitation course of a 44-year-old right-handed @entity0 after an assault with a pocketknife. She suffered @entity13 wounds including @entity10 to the left side of her neck. Physical examination revealed left @entity5 (motor score  =  57), @entity4 on the right caudal to the C5 dermatome, @entity1 sense on the left, and @entity8 and @entity14 . Initially she was unable to stand without maximum assistance. MR imaging revealed transection of the left hemicord at the C5 level without cord @entity2 . CTA of the neck was negative for @entity6 . She completed 18 days of acute inpatient rehabilitation. She used forearm crutches for ambulation at time of discharge. Prior to discharge the @entity0 provided written permission for a case report. Discussion Stab wounds are the most common cause of traumatic @entity12 . @entity11 is common in @entity3 occurring in the cervical or thoracic region, however the combination of Horner's and @entity12 is less commonly reported. In this case report, we review recommendations regarding initial imaging following cervical @entity9 , discuss anatomy and associated neurological findings in Brown-S  quard and @entity11 , and review the expected temporal course of motor recovery. Conclusions Facilitating motor recovery and optimizing function after Brown-S  quard @entity7 are important roles for the rehabilitation team. Imaging is necessary to rule out cord @entity2 or @entity6 and to clinically correlate @entity3 with physical examination findings and expected functional impairments. Documenting associated anisocoria and explaining this finding to the @entity0 is an important element of @entity7 education. Commonly, @entity0 with Brown-S  quard injuries demonstrate remarkable motor recovery and regain voluntary motor strength and functional ambulation.

title: @entity12 without @entity6 associated with XXXX after a stab injury to the neck.

answer: @entity11


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Case Description This case reviews the acute care and rehabilitation course of a 44-year-old right-handed @entity0 after an assault with a pocketknife. She suffered @entity13 wounds including @entity10 to the left side of her neck. Physical examination revealed left @entity5 (motor score  =  57), @entity4 on the right caudal to the C5 dermatome, @entity1 sense on the left, and @entity8 and @entity14 . Initially she was unable to stand without maximum assistance. MR imaging revealed transection of the left hemicord at the C5 level without cord @entity2 . CTA of the neck was negative for @entity6 . She completed 18 days of acute inpatient rehabilitation. She used forearm crutches for ambulation at time of discharge. Prior to discharge the @entity0 provided written permission for a case report. Discussion Stab wounds are the most common cause of traumatic @entity12 . @entity11 is common in @entity3 occurring in the cervical or thoracic region, however the combination of Horner's and @entity12 is less commonly reported. In this case report, we review recommendations regarding initial imaging following cervical @entity9 , discuss anatomy and associated neurological findings in Brown-S  quard and @entity11 , and review the expected temporal course of motor recovery. Conclusions Facilitating motor recovery and optimizing function after Brown-S  quard @entity7 are important roles for the rehabilitation team. Imaging is necessary to rule out cord @entity2 or @entity6 and to clinically correlate @entity3 with physical examination findings and expected functional impairments. Documenting associated anisocoria and explaining this finding to the @entity0 is an important element of @entity7 education. Commonly, @entity0 with Brown-S  quard injuries demonstrate remarkable motor recovery and regain voluntary motor strength and functional ambulation.

title: XXXX without @entity6 associated with @entity11 after a stab injury to the neck.

answer: @entity12


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Case Description This case reviews the acute care and rehabilitation course of a 44-year-old right-handed @entity0 after an assault with a pocketknife. She suffered @entity13 wounds including @entity10 to the left side of her neck. Physical examination revealed left @entity5 (motor score  =  57), @entity4 on the right caudal to the C5 dermatome, @entity1 sense on the left, and @entity8 and @entity14 . Initially she was unable to stand without maximum assistance. MR imaging revealed transection of the left hemicord at the C5 level without cord @entity2 . CTA of the neck was negative for @entity6 . She completed 18 days of acute inpatient rehabilitation. She used forearm crutches for ambulation at time of discharge. Prior to discharge the @entity0 provided written permission for a case report. Discussion Stab wounds are the most common cause of traumatic @entity12 . @entity11 is common in @entity3 occurring in the cervical or thoracic region, however the combination of Horner's and @entity12 is less commonly reported. In this case report, we review recommendations regarding initial imaging following cervical @entity9 , discuss anatomy and associated neurological findings in Brown-S  quard and @entity11 , and review the expected temporal course of motor recovery. Conclusions Facilitating motor recovery and optimizing function after Brown-S  quard @entity7 are important roles for the rehabilitation team. Imaging is necessary to rule out cord @entity2 or @entity6 and to clinically correlate @entity3 with physical examination findings and expected functional impairments. Documenting associated anisocoria and explaining this finding to the @entity0 is an important element of @entity7 education. Commonly, @entity0 with Brown-S  quard injuries demonstrate remarkable motor recovery and regain voluntary motor strength and functional ambulation.

title: @entity12 without XXXX associated with @entity11 after a stab injury to the neck.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neuroendocrine @entity1 (NEN) with unknown primary site ( @entity2 ) may have a poor prognosis. We evaluated the clinical presentation, therapy, outcome, and risk factors for adverse outcomes in @entity0 who had these @entity1 . METHODS: In 243 @entity0 who had NEN, a retrospective review was performed in 38 @entity0 who had @entity2 . The 38 @entity0 who had @entity2 were evaluated in three groups: group 1 (surgery; primary @entity1 detected; ten @entity0 ); group 2 (surgery; no primary @entity1 detected; ten @entity0 ); and group 3 (no surgery; 18 @entity0 ). Risk factors were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: Most @entity0 who had @entity2 [32 @entity0 (84  %)] had World Health Organization (WHO) performance score of 0 or 1, and most @entity1 [24 @entity0 (63  %)] were well differentiated (WHO grade, G1 or G2; Ki-67 index,  <=20  %). Univariate analysis showed that greater survival was significantly associated with lower @entity0 age, lower WHO performance score, lower WHO grade, lower number of metastatic sites, treatment with surgery, and no treatment with chemotherapy. Multivariate analysis showed that low WHO performance score (hazard ratio 7.63, 95  % confidence interval (CI) 2.63-22.19) and treatment with surgery (hazard ratio 0.10, CI 0.028-0.381) were significant independent predictors of improved survival. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity2 , surgical treatment is an independent predictor of better survival. Therefore, surgical treatment may be indicated in @entity0 with good general health status and well-differentiated @entity2 .

title: CUP XXXX : Analysis of Risk Factors and Impact of Surgical Intervention.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 are common @entity1 with accepted treatment approaches and usually don't challenge healthcare specialists. We present a case of a huge unresectable @entity10 , which was successfully treated with hypofractionated @entity9 . A male @entity0 , sixty-two years of age, suffered for over 12 years from @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity5 , right eye movement restriction, right-sided ptosis, and @entity6 . MRI and CT studies revealed an extended @entity10 . Prior to @entity9 , the @entity0 underwent four operations. Eventually, the @entity1 was irradiated with the CyberKnife in August 2009. @entity1 volume composed 1085 cc. The mean dose of 35.3 Gy was delivered in 7 fractions (31.5 Gy at 72% isodose line comprising 95% of @entity1 volume). The @entity0 was followed during six years and experienced only mild (Grade 1-2 CTCAE) acute skin  and mucosa reactions. During the follow-up period, we observed target volume shrinkage for 17% (for 26% after excluding @entity8 ) and regression of @entity4 signs. Due to the extreme volume and complex shape of the @entity1 , spreading along the surface of the hemisphere as well as an optic nerve involvement, the case presented would not be generally  considered suitable for @entity9 , especially for hypofractionation. We regard this clinical situation not as a treatment recommendation, but as a demonstration of the underestimated possibilities of hypofractionation regimen and CyberKnife system, both of which are limited with our habit of conventional treatments.

title: Successful CyberKnife Irradiation of 1000 cc Hemicranial XXXX : 6-year Follow-up.

answer: @entity7


abstract: A mutant line of @entity3 (DAM line) has been developed that is characterized by a high incidence of a spontaneous, postnatal, cutaneous amelanosis. Amelanotic individuals also have a high incidence of @entity4 and a low incidence of an integumentary defect expressed as a variable loss of feathers. A low incidence of @entity2 is also present but is not limited to the amelanotic phenotype. All line associated traits appear to be controlled by multiple autosomal genes. Selection experiments showed that the amelanosis and @entity0 are highly heritable and partially share a common genetic basis. However, it also was shown that the incidence of @entity4 could be readily altered within the amelanotic population by selection. It is suggested that the @entity4 represents the most severe expression of the @entity1 . The amelanosis equally affected both sexes and both @entity6 and phaeomelanin pigments. A relationship was found between the presence of the back plumage color gene, E, and an increase incidence of feather amelanosis in segregating DAM line populations. This was not accompanied by an increase in @entity4 . The DAM line appears to be a valuable animal model for vitiligo, as well as several melanin-related @entity5 .

title: The DAM XXXX : a model for spontaneous postnatal cutaneous and ocular amelanosis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Venous resection (VR) during pancreatectomy has been reported to neither increase mortality nor morbidity and to provide similar survival outcomes in same stage @entity1 . However, controversy remains regarding the indications for up-front surgery according to the degree of @entity3 . METHODS: From 2004 to 2009, 1,399 @entity0 included in a French multicenter survey underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy for @entity2 , either without VR (997 standard resections [SR]) or with VR (402 @entity0 ; 29  %). Postoperative and long-term outcomes were compared in both groups. RESULTS: VR was associated with the following factors: larger @entity1 (p  <  0.001), poorly differentiated @entity1 (p  =  0.004), higher numbers of positive lymph nodes (p  =  0.042), and positive resection margins (R1; p  <  0.001). Overall, VR increased neither postoperative morbidity nor postoperative mortality (5 vs. 3  % in SR @entity0 ; p  =  0.16). The median and 3-year survival rates in VR @entity0 versus SR @entity0 were 21  months and 31  % vs. 29  months and 44  %, respectively (p  =  0.0002). In the entire cohort, multivariate analysis identified VR as a significant poor prognostic factor for long-term survival (hazard ratio [HR] 1.75, 95  % confidence interval [CI] 1.28-2.40; p  =  0.0005). In the VR @entity0 , lymph node ratio, whatever the cutoff (<0.3: p  =  0.093; >= 0.3: p  =  0.0098), R1 resection (p  =  0.010), and segmental resection (p  =  0.016) were independent risk factors; neoadjuvant treatment (HR 0.52, 95  % CI 0.29-0.94; p  =  0.031) and adjuvant treatment (HR 0.55, 95  % CI 0.35-0.85; p  =  0.006) were significantly associated with improved long-term survival. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term survival after pancreatectomy was significantly altered when up-front VR was performed. Neoadjuvant treatment may be a better strategy than up-front resection in @entity0 with preoperative suspicion of @entity3 .

title: XXXX with @entity3 : Is Up-Front Synchronous Portal-Superior Mesenteric Vein Resection Still Justified? A Survey of the Association Fran  aise de Chirurgie.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Venous resection (VR) during pancreatectomy has been reported to neither increase mortality nor morbidity and to provide similar survival outcomes in same stage @entity1 . However, controversy remains regarding the indications for up-front surgery according to the degree of @entity3 . METHODS: From 2004 to 2009, 1,399 @entity0 included in a French multicenter survey underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy for @entity2 , either without VR (997 standard resections [SR]) or with VR (402 @entity0 ; 29  %). Postoperative and long-term outcomes were compared in both groups. RESULTS: VR was associated with the following factors: larger @entity1 (p  <  0.001), poorly differentiated @entity1 (p  =  0.004), higher numbers of positive lymph nodes (p  =  0.042), and positive resection margins (R1; p  <  0.001). Overall, VR increased neither postoperative morbidity nor postoperative mortality (5 vs. 3  % in SR @entity0 ; p  =  0.16). The median and 3-year survival rates in VR @entity0 versus SR @entity0 were 21  months and 31  % vs. 29  months and 44  %, respectively (p  =  0.0002). In the entire cohort, multivariate analysis identified VR as a significant poor prognostic factor for long-term survival (hazard ratio [HR] 1.75, 95  % confidence interval [CI] 1.28-2.40; p  =  0.0005). In the VR @entity0 , lymph node ratio, whatever the cutoff (<0.3: p  =  0.093; >= 0.3: p  =  0.0098), R1 resection (p  =  0.010), and segmental resection (p  =  0.016) were independent risk factors; neoadjuvant treatment (HR 0.52, 95  % CI 0.29-0.94; p  =  0.031) and adjuvant treatment (HR 0.55, 95  % CI 0.35-0.85; p  =  0.006) were significantly associated with improved long-term survival. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term survival after pancreatectomy was significantly altered when up-front VR was performed. Neoadjuvant treatment may be a better strategy than up-front resection in @entity0 with preoperative suspicion of @entity3 .

title: @entity2 with XXXX : Is Up-Front Synchronous Portal-Superior Mesenteric Vein Resection Still Justified? A Survey of the Association Fran  aise de Chirurgie.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The American @entity1 Association recommends @entity2 initiation when A1c >= 10%. The aim of this study was to determine adherence to @entity2 initiation in @entity0 with an A1c >= 10% at an outpatient family medicine clinic. The secondary objectives were to determine whether initiation of @entity2 within 3 weeks of an A1c >= 10% increased the rate or decreased the time to achieve an A1c <7% and to determine whether pharmacist involvement increased the rate of reaching an A1c <7%. This institutional review board-approved, retrospective, observational, cohort study identified 120 @entity0 with @entity1 and an A1c >= 10% in 2014. @entity0 already receiving @entity2 or those without a follow-up A1c were excluded. Study outcomes included proportion of @entity0 receiving @entity2 therapy within 3 weeks of A1c >/=10%, rate of meeting A1c <7%, time to reach A1c <7%, and proportion of @entity0 meeting with a pharmacist. Fifty-five @entity0 with a mean age of 55 years, a mean duration of @entity1 of 6.4 years, and a mean baseline A1c of 11.7% met the inclusion criteria. Most @entity0 were receiving no therapy (29%), monotherapy (27%), or dual therapy (29%) at baseline. @entity2 was initiated in 5 @entity0 (9.1%, P < 0.05) within 3 weeks of the qualifying A1c. Another 5 @entity0 (P < 0.05) received @entity2 at some point during the study. An A1c <7% was achieved in 35.6% of @entity0 not receiving @entity2 , 20% of @entity0 receiving early @entity2 , and no @entity0 who received @entity2 after 3 weeks. The mean time to A1c <7% was 6 months for @entity0 not on @entity2 and 3 months for those receiving early @entity2 . Thirty-three percent of @entity0 who met with a pharmacist reached an A1c <7% compared with 30% of @entity0 who did not. Adherence to @entity2 initiation guidelines and rate of achieving A1c <7% in @entity0 with A1c >= 10% is low. Increasing pharmacy involvement may increase the rate of reaching goal A1c.

title: Assessing Adherence to XXXX Initiation Recommendations at a Suburban Family Medicine Clinic.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSES: To determine the basic expression of @entity7 transporters in an @entity1 cell line, and to investigate whether low concentrations of @entity2 and @entity3 inhibited the growth of this cell line in vitro. METHODS: @entity0 cells were exposed to different concentrations of @entity2 (1.5 to 15  g/mL) and @entity3 (2.0 to 20  g/mL) for 24 to 48 hours. The cellular growth was assessed using a cell viability assay. Cellular morphology was determined by fluorescence microscopy. The gene expression profile of @entity7 transporters was determined by assessing a panel including 42 genes of the @entity7 transporter superfamily. RESULTS: We observed a significant decrease in @entity0 cell growth after exposure to 15  g/mL of @entity2 for 24 (p=0.02) and 48 hours (p=0.01), or to 20  g/mL of @entity3 for 48 hours (p=0.04). Assessing the morphology of @entity0 cells did not reveal evidence of extensive apoptosis. @entity0 cells had a reduced expression of the genes @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity10 and @entity9 within the @entity7 transporter superfamily. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides in vitro evidence of inhibitory effects of growth in therapeutic concentrations of @entity2 and @entity3 on @entity0 cells. Additionally, @entity0 cells presented a reduced expression of the @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity10 and @entity9 transporters.

title: Gene expression profile of @entity7 transporters and cytotoxic effect of @entity3 and XXXX in an @entity1 cell line in vitro.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSES: To determine the basic expression of @entity7 transporters in an @entity1 cell line, and to investigate whether low concentrations of @entity2 and @entity3 inhibited the growth of this cell line in vitro. METHODS: @entity0 cells were exposed to different concentrations of @entity2 (1.5 to 15  g/mL) and @entity3 (2.0 to 20  g/mL) for 24 to 48 hours. The cellular growth was assessed using a cell viability assay. Cellular morphology was determined by fluorescence microscopy. The gene expression profile of @entity7 transporters was determined by assessing a panel including 42 genes of the @entity7 transporter superfamily. RESULTS: We observed a significant decrease in @entity0 cell growth after exposure to 15  g/mL of @entity2 for 24 (p=0.02) and 48 hours (p=0.01), or to 20  g/mL of @entity3 for 48 hours (p=0.04). Assessing the morphology of @entity0 cells did not reveal evidence of extensive apoptosis. @entity0 cells had a reduced expression of the genes @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity10 and @entity9 within the @entity7 transporter superfamily. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides in vitro evidence of inhibitory effects of growth in therapeutic concentrations of @entity2 and @entity3 on @entity0 cells. Additionally, @entity0 cells presented a reduced expression of the @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity10 and @entity9 transporters.

title: Gene expression profile of XXXX transporters and cytotoxic effect of @entity3 and @entity2 in an @entity1 cell line in vitro.

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSES: To determine the basic expression of @entity7 transporters in an @entity1 cell line, and to investigate whether low concentrations of @entity2 and @entity3 inhibited the growth of this cell line in vitro. METHODS: @entity0 cells were exposed to different concentrations of @entity2 (1.5 to 15  g/mL) and @entity3 (2.0 to 20  g/mL) for 24 to 48 hours. The cellular growth was assessed using a cell viability assay. Cellular morphology was determined by fluorescence microscopy. The gene expression profile of @entity7 transporters was determined by assessing a panel including 42 genes of the @entity7 transporter superfamily. RESULTS: We observed a significant decrease in @entity0 cell growth after exposure to 15  g/mL of @entity2 for 24 (p=0.02) and 48 hours (p=0.01), or to 20  g/mL of @entity3 for 48 hours (p=0.04). Assessing the morphology of @entity0 cells did not reveal evidence of extensive apoptosis. @entity0 cells had a reduced expression of the genes @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity10 and @entity9 within the @entity7 transporter superfamily. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides in vitro evidence of inhibitory effects of growth in therapeutic concentrations of @entity2 and @entity3 on @entity0 cells. Additionally, @entity0 cells presented a reduced expression of the @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity10 and @entity9 transporters.

title: Gene expression profile of @entity7 transporters and cytotoxic effect of XXXX and @entity2 in an @entity1 cell line in vitro.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSES: To determine the basic expression of @entity7 transporters in an @entity1 cell line, and to investigate whether low concentrations of @entity2 and @entity3 inhibited the growth of this cell line in vitro. METHODS: @entity0 cells were exposed to different concentrations of @entity2 (1.5 to 15  g/mL) and @entity3 (2.0 to 20  g/mL) for 24 to 48 hours. The cellular growth was assessed using a cell viability assay. Cellular morphology was determined by fluorescence microscopy. The gene expression profile of @entity7 transporters was determined by assessing a panel including 42 genes of the @entity7 transporter superfamily. RESULTS: We observed a significant decrease in @entity0 cell growth after exposure to 15  g/mL of @entity2 for 24 (p=0.02) and 48 hours (p=0.01), or to 20  g/mL of @entity3 for 48 hours (p=0.04). Assessing the morphology of @entity0 cells did not reveal evidence of extensive apoptosis. @entity0 cells had a reduced expression of the genes @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity10 and @entity9 within the @entity7 transporter superfamily. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides in vitro evidence of inhibitory effects of growth in therapeutic concentrations of @entity2 and @entity3 on @entity0 cells. Additionally, @entity0 cells presented a reduced expression of the @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity10 and @entity9 transporters.

title: Gene expression profile of @entity7 transporters and cytotoxic effect of @entity3 and @entity2 in an XXXX cell line in vitro.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A total of 9,955 schoolchildren aged 6-16 years have been examined in a tropical region. The prevalence of @entity0 varied from 21 to 87% in the municipalities surveyed. The most common dermatoses were @entity10 (prevalence 50%), nevi (16.8%), @entity13 (13.2%), @entity7 (12.2%), @entity11 (9.9%), @entity5 (6.2%), @entity2 (6.2%), @entity3 (3.0%) and @entity6 (2.7%). The prevalence of @entity4 , @entity17 , @entity8 , @entity14 , @entity15 , ephelides and @entity16 is lower but still relatively high. Females had higher rates of @entity10 and males higher prevalence of @entity11 . The prevalence of @entity13 , @entity9 and @entity3 was similar in males and females. @entity12 , macular @entity9 and especially @entity13 tended to increase with age. @entity1 is hyperendemic in the surveyed area and its rate in the schoolchildren examined was 0.08%. Population movement (urbanization), socioeconomic situation, living conditions, promiscuity, and lack of hygiene may be the cause of such high prevalence and of association of two or more @entity0 . Climatic conditions might have enhanced the prevalence of certain dermatoses ( @entity13 , @entity5 , @entity14 , @entity8 , @entity17 ).

title: Epidemiological survey of XXXX in schoolchildren living in the Purus Valley (Acre State, Amazonia, Brazil).

answer: @entity0


abstract: Background. Knowledge and attitudes concerning @entity4 are important socio-demographic parameters critical for eye care uptake and outcomes, especially in underserved populations. Objectives. To assess knowledge and attitudes concerning @entity4 in a rural south-eastern Nigerian population. Methods. The study was a population-based survey of knowledge and attitudes concerning common @entity5 conducted in Abagana community in September 2011. Results. The @entity0 comprised 263 males and 238 females. Their profile of good knowledge was @entity6 : 38.9%; refractive error: 28.9%; @entity2 : 18.0%; @entity1 : 8.0%; @entity3 : 5.8%; and overall good knowledge: 4.0%. Prevention and treatment of @entity4 were rated as first priorities over other major disabilities by 91.4% @entity0 . Older age and formal education were the significant predictors of good knowledge. Conclusion. In Abagana, there is poor overall and disorder-specific @entity4 . Socio-demographic factors are important determinants of knowledge. Community-based preventive eye health education is underscored.

title: Knowledge and Attitudes towards XXXX in a Rural South-eastern Nigerian Population.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a common superficial @entity0 of the skin caused by @entity2 . Initially M. furfur was suggested as its main aetiological agent; however, more recent studies suggest @entity2 as the dominant species. The possibility of a variance in predominant species based on geographical basis has not been fully evaluated. The objective of this study was to identify the @entity2 species on affected and non-affected skin of students with @entity1 who reside in a tropical environment (Abuja, Nigeria) and correlate them to clinical characteristics. In this study, the literature on prevalence of @entity2 genus in @entity1 was also reviewed. Samples were taken from 304 @entity1 lesions and 110 normal appearing skin. Microscopy, culture and identification of @entity2 species utilising polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were performed. Three @entity2 species were detected in @entity1 with the major species being M. furfur. On normal appearing skin, M. furfur (77.6%) and M. restricta (10.4%) were both detected. No case of @entity2 was identified in this study. There was no significant difference between species identified and clinical features of @entity1 . M. furfur is probably still the most predominant species causing @entity1 in the tropical environment.

title: The spectrum of XXXX species isolated from students with pityriasis vesicolor in Nigeria.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is the leading cause of @entity1 . @entity4 -based chemotherapeutic drugs are the most active agents in treating @entity6 . Resistance to these drugs is common and multifactorial; insight into the molecular mechanisms involved will likely enhance efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A set of @entity5 @entity4 -resistant sublines was created from the @entity0 cell line. Cell viability was quantified using the @entity7 assay. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs) in these lines were identified using Affymetrix miR arrays. The potential genes targeted by these miRs were searched using the TargetScan algorithm. The expression levels of miRs and mRNA were tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity8 was reproducibly elevated in all the resistant sublines tested; however, modulation of @entity8 levels alone in these cells did not affect their response to @entity3 . A potential target of @entity8 is @entity9 ( @entity9 ), an important regulator of cell proliferation. The mRNA and protein levels of @entity9 were both downregulated in the resistant sublines. An inhibitor of @entity10 ( @entity11 ) protected parental @entity5 cells from @entity3 @entity2 . CONCLUSION: In the present study, we identified miRs differentially expressed in @entity3 -resistant cell lines, including @entity8 . A predicted target of @entity8 is @entity9 , and its expression was found to be downregulated in the resistant sublines, although not directly by @entity8 . Inhibition of @entity9 antagonizes @entity3 -induced @entity5 cell @entity2 , suggesting that agents that inhibit @entity9 should be avoided during @entity3 therapy.

title: miR Profiling Identifies @entity9 Downregulation as a Potential Mechanism of Acquired XXXX Resistance in @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is the leading cause of @entity1 . @entity4 -based chemotherapeutic drugs are the most active agents in treating @entity6 . Resistance to these drugs is common and multifactorial; insight into the molecular mechanisms involved will likely enhance efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A set of @entity5 @entity4 -resistant sublines was created from the @entity0 cell line. Cell viability was quantified using the @entity7 assay. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs) in these lines were identified using Affymetrix miR arrays. The potential genes targeted by these miRs were searched using the TargetScan algorithm. The expression levels of miRs and mRNA were tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity8 was reproducibly elevated in all the resistant sublines tested; however, modulation of @entity8 levels alone in these cells did not affect their response to @entity3 . A potential target of @entity8 is @entity9 ( @entity9 ), an important regulator of cell proliferation. The mRNA and protein levels of @entity9 were both downregulated in the resistant sublines. An inhibitor of @entity10 ( @entity11 ) protected parental @entity5 cells from @entity3 @entity2 . CONCLUSION: In the present study, we identified miRs differentially expressed in @entity3 -resistant cell lines, including @entity8 . A predicted target of @entity8 is @entity9 , and its expression was found to be downregulated in the resistant sublines, although not directly by @entity8 . Inhibition of @entity9 antagonizes @entity3 -induced @entity5 cell @entity2 , suggesting that agents that inhibit @entity9 should be avoided during @entity3 therapy.

title: miR Profiling Identifies @entity9 Downregulation as a Potential Mechanism of Acquired @entity3 Resistance in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is the leading cause of @entity1 . @entity4 -based chemotherapeutic drugs are the most active agents in treating @entity6 . Resistance to these drugs is common and multifactorial; insight into the molecular mechanisms involved will likely enhance efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A set of @entity5 @entity4 -resistant sublines was created from the @entity0 cell line. Cell viability was quantified using the @entity7 assay. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRs) in these lines were identified using Affymetrix miR arrays. The potential genes targeted by these miRs were searched using the TargetScan algorithm. The expression levels of miRs and mRNA were tested using real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: @entity8 was reproducibly elevated in all the resistant sublines tested; however, modulation of @entity8 levels alone in these cells did not affect their response to @entity3 . A potential target of @entity8 is @entity9 ( @entity9 ), an important regulator of cell proliferation. The mRNA and protein levels of @entity9 were both downregulated in the resistant sublines. An inhibitor of @entity10 ( @entity11 ) protected parental @entity5 cells from @entity3 @entity2 . CONCLUSION: In the present study, we identified miRs differentially expressed in @entity3 -resistant cell lines, including @entity8 . A predicted target of @entity8 is @entity9 , and its expression was found to be downregulated in the resistant sublines, although not directly by @entity8 . Inhibition of @entity9 antagonizes @entity3 -induced @entity5 cell @entity2 , suggesting that agents that inhibit @entity9 should be avoided during @entity3 therapy.

title: miR Profiling Identifies XXXX Downregulation as a Potential Mechanism of Acquired @entity3 Resistance in @entity5 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Purpose: We previously reported a transgenic @entity1 model of @entity3 in which tadpoles express the @entity0 form of @entity6 @entity4 (b @entity6 ) in rod photoreceptors. In this model, @entity2 was dependent on light exposure. Here, we investigated ultrastructural changes that occurred in the rod photoreceptors of these retinas when exposed to light. Methods: Tadpoles expressing bP23H in rods were transferred from constant darkness to a 12-hour light:12-hour dark (12L:12D) regimen. For comparison, transgenic tadpoles expressing an inducible form of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were reared in a 12L:12D regimen, and @entity2 was induced by administration of the drug @entity5 . Tadpoles were euthanized at various time points, and eyes were processed for confocal light and transmission electron microscopy. Results: We observed defects in outer and inner segments of rods expressing bP23H that were aggravated by light exposure. Rod outer segments exhibited vesiculations throughout and were rapidly phagocytosed by the retinal pigment epithelium. In rod inner segments, we observed autophagic compartments adjacent to the endoplasmic reticulum and extensive vesiculation at later time points. These defects were not found in rods expressing @entity7 , which completely degenerated within 36 hours after drug administration. Conclusions: Our results indicate that ultrastructural defects in outer and inner segment membranes of bP23H expressing rods differ from those observed in drug-induced apoptosis. We suggest that light-induced @entity2 caused by @entity6 @entity4 occurs via cell death with autophagy, which may represent an attempt to eliminate the mutant @entity4 and/or damaged cellular compartments from the secretory pathway.

title: Light Induces Ultrastructural Changes in Rod Outer and Inner Segments, Including Autophagy, in a Transgenic @entity1 @entity6 XXXX Model of @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Purpose: We previously reported a transgenic @entity1 model of @entity3 in which tadpoles express the @entity0 form of @entity6 @entity4 (b @entity6 ) in rod photoreceptors. In this model, @entity2 was dependent on light exposure. Here, we investigated ultrastructural changes that occurred in the rod photoreceptors of these retinas when exposed to light. Methods: Tadpoles expressing bP23H in rods were transferred from constant darkness to a 12-hour light:12-hour dark (12L:12D) regimen. For comparison, transgenic tadpoles expressing an inducible form of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were reared in a 12L:12D regimen, and @entity2 was induced by administration of the drug @entity5 . Tadpoles were euthanized at various time points, and eyes were processed for confocal light and transmission electron microscopy. Results: We observed defects in outer and inner segments of rods expressing bP23H that were aggravated by light exposure. Rod outer segments exhibited vesiculations throughout and were rapidly phagocytosed by the retinal pigment epithelium. In rod inner segments, we observed autophagic compartments adjacent to the endoplasmic reticulum and extensive vesiculation at later time points. These defects were not found in rods expressing @entity7 , which completely degenerated within 36 hours after drug administration. Conclusions: Our results indicate that ultrastructural defects in outer and inner segment membranes of bP23H expressing rods differ from those observed in drug-induced apoptosis. We suggest that light-induced @entity2 caused by @entity6 @entity4 occurs via cell death with autophagy, which may represent an attempt to eliminate the mutant @entity4 and/or damaged cellular compartments from the secretory pathway.

title: Light Induces Ultrastructural Changes in Rod Outer and Inner Segments, Including Autophagy, in a Transgenic XXXX @entity6 @entity4 Model of @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Purpose: We previously reported a transgenic @entity1 model of @entity3 in which tadpoles express the @entity0 form of @entity6 @entity4 (b @entity6 ) in rod photoreceptors. In this model, @entity2 was dependent on light exposure. Here, we investigated ultrastructural changes that occurred in the rod photoreceptors of these retinas when exposed to light. Methods: Tadpoles expressing bP23H in rods were transferred from constant darkness to a 12-hour light:12-hour dark (12L:12D) regimen. For comparison, transgenic tadpoles expressing an inducible form of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were reared in a 12L:12D regimen, and @entity2 was induced by administration of the drug @entity5 . Tadpoles were euthanized at various time points, and eyes were processed for confocal light and transmission electron microscopy. Results: We observed defects in outer and inner segments of rods expressing bP23H that were aggravated by light exposure. Rod outer segments exhibited vesiculations throughout and were rapidly phagocytosed by the retinal pigment epithelium. In rod inner segments, we observed autophagic compartments adjacent to the endoplasmic reticulum and extensive vesiculation at later time points. These defects were not found in rods expressing @entity7 , which completely degenerated within 36 hours after drug administration. Conclusions: Our results indicate that ultrastructural defects in outer and inner segment membranes of bP23H expressing rods differ from those observed in drug-induced apoptosis. We suggest that light-induced @entity2 caused by @entity6 @entity4 occurs via cell death with autophagy, which may represent an attempt to eliminate the mutant @entity4 and/or damaged cellular compartments from the secretory pathway.

title: Light Induces Ultrastructural Changes in Rod Outer and Inner Segments, Including Autophagy, in a Transgenic @entity1 XXXX @entity4 Model of @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Purpose: We previously reported a transgenic @entity1 model of @entity3 in which tadpoles express the @entity0 form of @entity6 @entity4 (b @entity6 ) in rod photoreceptors. In this model, @entity2 was dependent on light exposure. Here, we investigated ultrastructural changes that occurred in the rod photoreceptors of these retinas when exposed to light. Methods: Tadpoles expressing bP23H in rods were transferred from constant darkness to a 12-hour light:12-hour dark (12L:12D) regimen. For comparison, transgenic tadpoles expressing an inducible form of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were reared in a 12L:12D regimen, and @entity2 was induced by administration of the drug @entity5 . Tadpoles were euthanized at various time points, and eyes were processed for confocal light and transmission electron microscopy. Results: We observed defects in outer and inner segments of rods expressing bP23H that were aggravated by light exposure. Rod outer segments exhibited vesiculations throughout and were rapidly phagocytosed by the retinal pigment epithelium. In rod inner segments, we observed autophagic compartments adjacent to the endoplasmic reticulum and extensive vesiculation at later time points. These defects were not found in rods expressing @entity7 , which completely degenerated within 36 hours after drug administration. Conclusions: Our results indicate that ultrastructural defects in outer and inner segment membranes of bP23H expressing rods differ from those observed in drug-induced apoptosis. We suggest that light-induced @entity2 caused by @entity6 @entity4 occurs via cell death with autophagy, which may represent an attempt to eliminate the mutant @entity4 and/or damaged cellular compartments from the secretory pathway.

title: Light Induces Ultrastructural Changes in Rod Outer and Inner Segments, Including Autophagy, in a Transgenic @entity1 @entity6 @entity4 Model of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Purpose: Thrombomodulin (TM) is a multidomain, transmembrane protein with anti-inflammatory properties. Thrombomodulin domain (D) 1 is lectin-like, interacting with Lewis Y antigen on lipopolysaccharide, and with HMGB1, while TMD23 is associated with angiogenic and anti-inflammatory functions. Thus, we tested if TM is protective against @entity1 @entity2 and whether it enhanced corneal vascularity. Methods: Eyes of C57BL/6 (B6) @entity0 were injected with recombinant TM (rTM), rTMD1, or PBS subconjunctivally before and intraperitoneally after infection with @entity1 . Clinical scores, photography with a slit lamp, RT-PCR, ELISA, myeloperoxidase (MPO) assay, viable bacterial plate counts, and India ink perfusion were used to assess the disease response and corneal vascularity (rTM only). Results: Recombinant TM versus PBS treatment reduced clinical scores and corneal opacity. Corneal mRNA levels for HMGB1 were unchanged, but proinflammatory molecules IL-1b, CXCL2, NF-kB, TLR4, and RAGE were decreased; anti-inflammatory molecules SIGIRR and ST2 were increased. ELISA confirmed the mRNA data for HMGB1, IL-1b, and CXCL2 proteins. Both neutrophil influx and viable bacterial plate counts also were decreased after rTM treatment. Protein levels for angiogenic molecules VEGF, VEGFR-1, and VEGFR-2 were measured at 5 days post infection and were not different or reduced significantly after rTM treatment. Further, perfusion with India ink revealed similar vessel ingrowth between the two groups. Similar studies were performed with rTMD1, but disease severity, mRNA, proteins, MPO, and plate counts were not changed from controls. Conclusions: These data provide evidence that rTM treatment is protective against @entity2 , does not reduce HMGB1, and is not angiogenic.

title: Thrombomodulin Protects Against XXXX , Is Anti-Inflammatory, but Not Angiogenic.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Purpose: We evaluated the @entity0 detection ability of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and compared it to peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters in myopic @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Methods: We analyzed 353 eyes, including 67 nonmyopic preperimetric @entity1 , 182 @entity1 , and 104 myopic preperimetric @entity1 . Myopic @entity0 detection abilities of the respective parameters were assessed by calculating the area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves. The @entity1 were divided into two groups (a nonhighly myopic and a highly myopic group). The diagnostic performance was analyzed for each group independently, and differences between the two groups also were evaluated. Results: The best parameter for discrimination of myopic @entity0 from @entity1 was inferotemporal macular GCIPL thickness. The AUROCs of this parameter were 0.752, 0.747, and 0.737 in the total myopic, nonhighly myopic, and highly myopic groups, respectively. These were significantly larger than the AUROCs of the other parameters, including average RNFL thickness, average GCIPL thickness, rim area, inferior RNFL thickness, and minimum GCIPL thickness (P = 0.021, 0.012, 0.016, 0.036, and 0.013, respectively). The inferotemporal macular GCIPL thickness showed no significant difference between nonhighly myopic and highly myopic groups. Conclusions: The inferotemporal macular GCIPL thickness was the best @entity0 -detection parameter for @entity1 . Inferotemporal macular GCIPL thickness evaluation can be considered to be a useful means of diagnosing @entity0 in @entity1 .

title: XXXX Detection Ability of Macular Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Myopic @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Purpose: We evaluated the @entity0 detection ability of macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and compared it to peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and optic nerve head (ONH) parameters in myopic @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Methods: We analyzed 353 eyes, including 67 nonmyopic preperimetric @entity1 , 182 @entity1 , and 104 myopic preperimetric @entity1 . Myopic @entity0 detection abilities of the respective parameters were assessed by calculating the area under receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) curves. The @entity1 were divided into two groups (a nonhighly myopic and a highly myopic group). The diagnostic performance was analyzed for each group independently, and differences between the two groups also were evaluated. Results: The best parameter for discrimination of myopic @entity0 from @entity1 was inferotemporal macular GCIPL thickness. The AUROCs of this parameter were 0.752, 0.747, and 0.737 in the total myopic, nonhighly myopic, and highly myopic groups, respectively. These were significantly larger than the AUROCs of the other parameters, including average RNFL thickness, average GCIPL thickness, rim area, inferior RNFL thickness, and minimum GCIPL thickness (P = 0.021, 0.012, 0.016, 0.036, and 0.013, respectively). The inferotemporal macular GCIPL thickness showed no significant difference between nonhighly myopic and highly myopic groups. Conclusions: The inferotemporal macular GCIPL thickness was the best @entity0 -detection parameter for @entity1 . Inferotemporal macular GCIPL thickness evaluation can be considered to be a useful means of diagnosing @entity0 in @entity1 .

title: @entity0 Detection Ability of Macular Ganglion Cell-Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Myopic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several case-control studies have been performed to examine the association of genetic variants in @entity1 oxidase ( @entity2 ) with @entity0 . However, the results remained inconclusive and great heterogeneity might exist across populations. METHOD: A comprehensive literature search for studies that published up to June 25, 2015 was performed. Summary odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of each single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) were estimated with fixed effects model when I2<50% in the test for heterogeneity or random effects model when I2>50%. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger's test. RESULTS: A total of four studies including 1,467 @entity0 cases and 4,490 controls were involved in this meta-analysis. SNPs @entity3 and @entity4 showed significant association with @entity0 , with ORs of 0.71 (95% CI: 0.63-0.80, P = 1.43E-08) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.61-0.97, P = 0.026), respectively. In contrast, our study lacked sufficient evidences to support the association of @entity5 / @entity6 with @entity0 across populations. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggested that two @entity2 variants, @entity3 and @entity4 , may affect individual susceptibility to @entity0 , while distinct heterogeneity existed within this locus. Larger-scale and multi-ethnic genetic studies on @entity0 are required to further validate the results.

title: Association of Common Variants in XXXX with Keratoconus: A Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: To investigate which factors influence the immediate and long-term outcome of elective electrical cardioversion for persistent (>48h) @entity3 or @entity6 . METHODS: In 255 @entity0 , 435 electrical cardioversions were performed. Relevant clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic factors were registered at each cardioversion. Each factor was tested separately in relation to immediate success and the outcome at six months and one year after cardioversion. RESULTS: In 70% of the @entity0 , sinus rhythm was restored immediately after electrical cardioversion. After six months only 20% of the @entity0 were still in sinus rhythm, and one year after cardioversion this figure had dropped to 14%. Sotalol used during electrical cardioversion resulted in the highest immediate success. Furthermore, @entity4 , two or fewer electrical shocks and shocks  <=200 Joules resulted in the highest immediate success rate, whilst hypertensive @entity1 resulted in the lowest immediate success rate. However, only shocks  <=200 Joules and a first cardioversion promoted the persistence of sinus rhythm after six months. A normal electrocardiogram, two or more cardioversions in the past and the use of a beta-blocking drug other than @entity5 during cardioversion increased the chance of recurrence within six months. The duration of the @entity2 >one month to <one year before the cardioversion and a first cardioversion resulted in the least recurrences one year after cardioversion. A QTc <450 msec, shocks >200 Joules and more than two cardioversions in the past were associated with a high number of recurrences one year later. With multivariate analysis we found that @entity4 , low energy levels, low number of shocks and a long QTc-interval influence the immediate success positively. However, no factor influenced the persistence of sinus rhythm at six months and one year. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with persistent @entity3 or @entity6 , only about 15% are in sinus rhythm one year after attempted cardioversion. @entity3 rather than @entity6 , high energy shocks and previous cardioversions negatively influenced the immediate success of cardioversion. However, none of the clinical, electrocardiographic or echocardiographic baseline factors studied could be identified as playing a role in the prediction of long-term sinus rhythm.

title: Factors influencing immediate and long-term outcome of electrical cardioversion of persistent XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: CONTEXT: Obesity in midlife is a risk factor for @entity3 , but it is unknown if caloric restriction-induced @entity4 could prevent @entity2 and therefore @entity3 in elderly @entity0 with @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cognitive effect of intentional @entity4 in @entity1 elderly @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), considering the influence of age, @entity6 genotype ( @entity6 ), physical activity, biochemical markers and diet. DESIGN: Single-center, prospective controlled trial. SETTING: Academic medical center @entity0 : Eighty @entity1 @entity0 with @entity2 , aged 60 or older (68.1  4.9 years, body mass index (BMI) 35.5  4.4kg/m(2), 83.7% @entity0 , 26.3% @entity6 carriers). INTERVENTION: Random allocation to conventional medical care alone (n=40) or together with nutritional counselling (n=40) in group meetings aiming to promote @entity4 through caloric restriction for 12 months. OUTCOME: Measurements: Clinical data, body composition, neuropsychological tests (main outcome), serum biomarkers, @entity6 genotype, physical performance, dietary recalls. RESULTS: Seventy-five @entity0 completed the follow-up. BMI, on average, decreased 1.7   1.8kg/m(2) (p=0.021), and most of the cognitive tests improved, without difference between the groups. In analysis with linear generalized models, the BMI decrease was associated with improvements in verbal memory, verbal fluency, executive function and global cognition, after adjustment for education, gender, physical activity and baseline tests: this association was strongest in younger seniors (for memory and fluency) and in @entity6 carriers (for executive function). Changes in HOMA-IR, @entity5 , leptin and intake of energy, @entity7 and fats were associated with improvement in cognitive tests. CONCLUSIONS: Intentional @entity4 through diet was associated with cognitive improvement in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Cognitive effects of intentional weight XXXX individuals with @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: Obesity in midlife is a risk factor for @entity3 , but it is unknown if caloric restriction-induced @entity4 could prevent @entity2 and therefore @entity3 in elderly @entity0 with @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cognitive effect of intentional @entity4 in @entity1 elderly @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), considering the influence of age, @entity6 genotype ( @entity6 ), physical activity, biochemical markers and diet. DESIGN: Single-center, prospective controlled trial. SETTING: Academic medical center @entity0 : Eighty @entity1 @entity0 with @entity2 , aged 60 or older (68.1  4.9 years, body mass index (BMI) 35.5  4.4kg/m(2), 83.7% @entity0 , 26.3% @entity6 carriers). INTERVENTION: Random allocation to conventional medical care alone (n=40) or together with nutritional counselling (n=40) in group meetings aiming to promote @entity4 through caloric restriction for 12 months. OUTCOME: Measurements: Clinical data, body composition, neuropsychological tests (main outcome), serum biomarkers, @entity6 genotype, physical performance, dietary recalls. RESULTS: Seventy-five @entity0 completed the follow-up. BMI, on average, decreased 1.7   1.8kg/m(2) (p=0.021), and most of the cognitive tests improved, without difference between the groups. In analysis with linear generalized models, the BMI decrease was associated with improvements in verbal memory, verbal fluency, executive function and global cognition, after adjustment for education, gender, physical activity and baseline tests: this association was strongest in younger seniors (for memory and fluency) and in @entity6 carriers (for executive function). Changes in HOMA-IR, @entity5 , leptin and intake of energy, @entity7 and fats were associated with improvement in cognitive tests. CONCLUSIONS: Intentional @entity4 through diet was associated with cognitive improvement in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Cognitive effects of intentional weight @entity1 individuals with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a common @entity1 , associated with a substantial morbidity (thromboemboli, worsening left ventricular function). Established therapy for pharmacological refractory @entity2 is high-energy trans-thoracic electric cardioversion (TTCV), but this strategy is ineffective for 10-30% of the @entity0 . The purpose of the present study is to establish the safety and efficacy of low-energy intracardiac cardioversion (ICCV) with a relatively new balloon-guided single-catheter system with dual chamber pacing possibility for this group of @entity0 . METHODS: @entity0 in whom an attempt to restore sinus rhythm (SR) by TTCV under antiarrhythmic therapy failed were eligible for the study. For the ICCV-attempt, a single flow-guided atrial cardioversion catheter was used. Low-energy biphasic shocks of increasing energy (6-15 J) were delivered, if necessary in combination with intravenous @entity3 , until SR was restored. In case of early recurrence of @entity2 , another attempt was made with immediate post-shock overdrive pacing (AOO) in order to suppress premature atrial activity. RESULTS: Initially, 14 of the 16 treated @entity0 (90%) were converted to SR successfully. In eight @entity0 additional @entity3 i.v. was administered and in six @entity0 atrial overpacing was used after ICCV. In seven and five @entity0 , respectively, these strategies were successful. Long-term follow-up (1-3 months) showed that in nine @entity0 (56%) SR was preserved; eight of them on oral @entity3 . No adverse events were seen during the procedure and follow-up, especially no bleedings, despite puncturing under adequate anticoagulation therapy. CONCLUSION: ICCV using a single atrial cardioversion catheter is a safe and effective method to restore SR in @entity0 in whom TTCV failed previously. Long-term follow-up of this procedure is comparable to that of other studies. Results are influenced by antiarrhythmic drug therapy, compliance and @entity0 selection.

title: Initial experience with single lead intracardial cardioversion for refractory XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) for early glottic @entity1 has been reported, but the issue of anterior commissure involvement has seldom been addressed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to preliminarily report the treatment results of TORS in this disease entity. METHODS: Eight @entity0 with T1 and T2 @entity2 with anterior commissure involvement were selected to receive TORS. The clinical parameters, including rates of adjuvant radiotherapy (RT), survivals, as well as organ and function preservation, were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: TORS was successfully performed in all @entity0 without temporary tracheostomy. There were no major complications and no @entity0 received adjuvant RT to the larynx after surgery. With a mean follow-up of 40 months, all @entity0 survived with their larynx preserved and no local recurrence, tracheostomy, or tube feeding dependence. CONCLUSION: TORS is a feasible approach for selected @entity0 with early T classification @entity2 with anterior commissure involvement. The preliminary oncologic and functional outcomes are satisfactory.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 913-918, 2016.

title: Transoral robotic surgery for early XXXX involving anterior commissure: Preliminary reports.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Placebo response can be defined as any therapeutic change on placebo, while the nocebo response is any ill effect during placebo exposure. Several meta-analytic approaches have investigated the extent of placebo response in randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trials of @entity3 . Placebo response rates (proportion of @entity0 with >= 50% improvement of @entity2 versus baseline) ranging from 9.9% up to 15.2% have been reported. Interestingly, a sham response of 15.8% has been noted in trials of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Recently, nocebo response rates of 60.3% and 3.9% were noted, which were defined as the proportion of @entity0 with adverse events (AEs) and those withdrawing because of intolerable AEs, respectively. Factors which were found to influence placebo response were as follows: the year of publication (with more recent studies showing higher rates of placebo response), some clinical characteristics of recruited @entity0 (lower placebo response rates with a history of 7 or more prior lifetime AEDs, a high baseline @entity2 frequency, prior @entity1 surgery, and higher age at diagnosis), trial design and statistical analysis, and whether studies have been conducted in @entity0 or adults. Furthermore, placebo and nocebo rates were correlated with respective @entity2 outcome and adverse events of the experimental AED. Several mechanisms of placebo and nocebo responses are discussed. Specifically, the role of positive or negative expectations of @entity0 and of investigators may influence the placebo and the nocebo response. Finally, recommendations are given on how to address placebo and nocebo responses in clinical practice.

title: Placebo and nocebo responses in drug trials of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) represents a dreaded complication following colorectal surgery, with a prevalence of 1-19 per cent. There remains a lack of consensus regarding factors that may predispose to @entity5 and the relative risks associated with them. The objective was to perform a systematic review of the literature, focusing on the role of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors in the development of @entity1 . METHODS: A systematic review was performed to identify adjustable and non-adjustable preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative factors in the pathogenesis of @entity5 . Additionally, a severity grading system was proposed to guide treatment. RESULTS: Of 1707 papers screened, 451 fulfilled the criteria for inclusion in the review. Significant preoperative risk factors were: male sex, American Society of Anesthesiologists fitness grade above II, @entity0 , co-morbidity and history of radiotherapy. Tumour-related factors were: distal site, size larger than 3   cm, advanced stage, emergency surgery and metastatic disease. Adjustable risk factors were: smoking, @entity2 , poor nutrition, @entity4 excess, immunosuppressants and bevacizumab. Intraoperative risk factors were: @entity3 /transfusion and duration of surgery more than 4   h. Stomas lessen the consequences but not the prevalence of @entity5 . In the postoperative period, CT is the most commonly used imaging tool, with or without rectal contrast, and a @entity6 level exceeding 150   mg/l on day 3-5 is the most sensitive biochemical marker. A five-level classification system for @entity5 severity and appropriate management is presented. CONCLUSION: Specific risk factors and their potential correction or indications for stoma were identified. An @entity5 severity score is proposed to aid clinical decision-making.

title: Systematic review of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative risk factors for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mesh fixation technique in laparoscopic incisional @entity1 repair may influence the rates of @entity1 and @entity2 . This study investigated the long-term risk of recurrence and @entity2 in @entity0 undergoing laparoscopic incisional @entity1 repair with either absorbable or non-absorbable tacks for mesh fixation. METHODS: This was a nationwide consecutive cohort study based on data collected prospectively concerning perioperative information and clinical follow-up. @entity0 undergoing primary, elective, laparoscopic incisional @entity1 repair with absorbable or non-absorbable tack fixation during a 4-year interval were included. Follow-up was by a structured questionnaire regarding recurrence and @entity2 , supplemented by clinical examination, and CT when indicated. Recurrence was defined as either reoperation for recurrence or clinical/radiological recurrence. RESULTS: Of 1037 eligible @entity0 , 84  9 per cent responded to the questionnaire, and 816 were included for analysis. The median observation time for the cohort was 40 (range 0-72) months. The cumulative recurrence-free survival rate was 71  5 and 82  0 per cent after absorbable and non-absorbable tack fixation respectively (P = 0  007). In multivariable analysis, the use of absorbable tacks was an independent risk factor for recurrence (hazard ratio 1  53, 95 per cent c.i. 1  11 to 2  09; P = 0  008). The rate of moderate or severe @entity2 was 15  3 and 16  1 per cent after absorbable and non-absorbable tack fixation respectively (P = 0  765). CONCLUSION: Absorbable tack fixation of the mesh was associated with a higher risk of recurrence than non-absorbable tacks for laparoscopic mesh repair of incisional @entity1 , but did not influence @entity2 .

title: Recurrence rate after absorbable tack fixation of mesh in laparoscopic incisional XXXX repair.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The United States is experiencing an epidemic of @entity5 ( @entity10 ) @entity2 . Since 2000, the rate of @entity2 from drug @entity5 has increased 137%, including a 200% increase in the rate of @entity5 @entity2 involving opioids ( @entity1 relievers and @entity8 ). CDC analyzed recent multiple cause-of- @entity2 mortality data to examine current trends and characteristics of @entity5 , including the types of opioids associated with @entity5 . During 2014, a total of 47,055 @entity5 occurred in the United States, representing a 1-year increase of 6.5%, from 13.8 per 100,000 @entity0 in 2013 to 14.7 per 100,000 @entity0 in 2014. The rate of @entity5 increased significantly for both sexes, @entity0 aged 25-44 years and >= 55 years, @entity6 , and in the Northeastern, Midwestern, and Southern regions of the United States. Rates of opioid @entity5 @entity2 also increased significantly, from 7.9 per 100,000 in 2013 to 9.0 per 100,000 in 2014, a 14% increase. Historically, CDC has programmatically characterized all @entity1 reliever @entity2 (natural and semisynthetic opioids, @entity3 , and other synthetic opioids) as "prescription" opioid @entity5 (1). Between 2013 and 2014, the age-adjusted rate of @entity2 involving @entity3 remained unchanged; however, the age-adjusted rate of @entity2 involving natural and semisynthetic @entity1 relievers, @entity8 , and synthetic opioids, other than @entity3 (e.g., @entity7 ) increased 9%, 26%, and 80%, respectively. The sharp increase in @entity2 involving synthetic opioids, other than @entity3 , in 2014 coincided with law enforcement reports of increased availability of illicitly manufactured @entity7 , a synthetic opioid; however, illicitly manufactured @entity7 cannot be distinguished from prescription @entity7 in @entity2 certificate data. These findings indicate that the opioid @entity5 epidemic is worsening. There is a need for continued action to prevent @entity9 , @entity4 , and @entity2 , improve treatment capacity for @entity9 , and reduce the supply of illicit opioids, particularly @entity8 and illicit @entity7 .

title: Increases in Drug and Opioid XXXX Deaths - United States, 2000-2014.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: Knee dislocations can cause significant damage to intra-articular knee structures, but currently there are limited data reporting articular cartilage and @entity3 in this setting. The purpose of this study is to (1) report the rate of concomitant intra-articular injuries at the time of multiligament reconstruction for @entity5 , (2) determine whether the pattern of @entity3 is associated with the presence of chondral and @entity3 , and (3) assess the relationship between timing of surgery and incidence of chondral and @entity3 . METHODS: The records of @entity0 who sustained a @entity5 between 1992 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. @entity0 included for further review had a PCL-based multiligament knee injury or a minimum of three disrupted ligaments, both indicative of @entity5 . @entity0 demographics, @entity3 patterns, @entity4 and @entity3 at arthroscopy, and interval from injury to surgery were recorded. Early surgical intervention was defined as <3  months, delayed was between 3 and 12  months, and chronic was >12  months. Data analysis compared @entity3 pattern with chondral and @entity3 , as well as the rates of @entity3 by timing of surgery. RESULTS: One-hundred and twenty-one @entity0 (122 knees) were included (93 males, 28 females) with a median age at time of surgery of 31  years (range 15-62). Ninety-three knees (76  %) had associated chondral or @entity3 . Sixty-seven knees (55  %) presented with @entity4 (26 isolated medial, 27 isolated lateral, and 14 combined medial/lateral), while 52 knees (48  %) had @entity1 , most commonly in the medial compartment. Schenck classification as well as side of injury did not demonstrate consistent relationships with @entity3 . A higher incidence of damage to the lateral femoral condyle (20  % vs 3  %; p  =  0.02), lateral tibial plateau (20  % vs 2  %; p  <  0.01), and patella (40  % vs 13  %; p  =  0.01) was found in the chronic group compared to the early group. The chronic group contained significantly more @entity0 with bicompartmental and @entity2 (25  % vs 6  %; p  =  0.03 and 10  % vs 0  %; p  =  0.02, respectively). CONCLUSION: @entity4 and @entity1 occur frequently in @entity0 with a @entity5 . A longer interval from injury to surgical reconstruction is associated with higher rates of articular cartilage lesions, especially in multiple compartments. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

title: XXXX and articular cartilage damage in the dislocated knee.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is the first cause of disability in adults. Often, the care falls on the family and can affect their quality of life. AIM: To determine the health-related quality of life and the level of caregiver burden of a @entity0 after a @entity1 . METHOD: Descriptive and cross-sectional study. Caregivers, who had cared for a @entity0 for more than six months and without pay, were included. This study had been approved by the Ethics Committee. Variables collected: sociodemographic, EuroQol-5D questionnaire, Zarit scale, mood and sleep problems. RESULTS: Forty-eight caregivers were included, with a mean age of 55.63 (SD: 13.48) and the majority were @entity0 (70.8%). The mean time of the care was 28.8 months (SD: 28.68), with 58% stated having a depressed mood, 31% had burden, and 89.6% had sleep problems. The dimensions that presented problems (moderate and severe) in the EQ-5D were @entity2 (66.7%) and @entity3 (68.8%). The score on the visual analog scale rating of quality of life was associated with a worse mood (75.5 vs. 32, p=0.0028), with the @entity2 (81.94 vs. 38, p<0.001), and Zarit scale (r:<0.334, p=0.020). CONCLUSIONS: The role of caregivers of @entity1 @entity0 often falls on @entity0 . To be a caregiver affects the quality of life, mainly in the @entity2 and @entity3 dimensions, regardless of the functional status of the @entity0 . Nurses must identify the psychopathological needs and develop strategies on the prevention of the risk of burnout.

title: [Impact on quality of life in caregivers of XXXX survivors.]

answer: @entity1


abstract: This report determines if the classic Romhilt-Estes score would predict better if points for its components were determined using a Cox hazard model and if the Cornell voltage criteria should replace the original criteria. Of the 20,903 subjects, the mean age was 43    10 years and 90.6% were @entity0 . The mean follow-up for the population was 17  years, with 881 @entity1 ; they were tested from 1987 to 1999 and followed until 2013. The new score was created with multipliers based on the Cox hazards of its elements with age bracket and gender included. The Cornell criteria were analyzed individually using Cox hazards with and without adjustments for age, gender, and African-American ethnicity and  subsequently incorporated into the new score for analysis. For the new score, all 7 components were significant predictors of @entity1 with gender producing the greatest hazard ratio (HR) and @entity3 and QRS duration >110  ms producing the lowest. For the original Romhilt-Estes score, 367 @entity0 (1.8%) met the "definite" cutoff and had an HR of 5.6 (95% confidence interval 4.3 to 7.1). For the new score, 208 @entity0 (1.0%) met the "definite" left @entity2 cutoff and had an HR of 13.6 (95% confidence interval 10.8 to 17.3). The Romhilt-Estes had an area under the curve of 0.63, whereas the new score and new score with Cornell voltage both had an area under the curve of 0.7. In conclusion, our modified Romhilt-Estes score with new multipliers and without voltage criteria outperformed the original score.

title: A new electrocardiographic left XXXX prognostic score.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Biliary bypass is a major management of resolution to @entity4 . Laparoscopic approach is an ideal alternative to open surgery with the less recurrence compared with endoscopic stenting. Single incision surgery approach has not been applied to biliary bypass due to technical challenge. The aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and feasibility of single-incision laparoscopic biliary bypass. Eighteen @entity0 with periampulla @entity1 underwent single-incision laparoscopic cholecystojejunostomy. The preoperation and postoperation data were retrospectively analyzed. All the cases underwent surgery successfully without conversion to open or traditional laparoscopic surgery. The operation time and @entity2 were 172.8  min and 101.1  ml, respectively. The postoperative hospital stay was 9.9  days. The @entity3 was released, and the liver function was improved after the surgery. The mean survival of the @entity0 was 9.5  months. The single-incision laparoscopic cholecystojejunostomy is safe and feasible with acceptable short-term outcomes in selected @entity0 . The benefits still need to be evaluated in comparative study.

title: Single-Incision Laparoscopic Biliary Bypass for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Objective: We sought to conduct an updated meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on insulin resistance, as measured by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity2 . Additionally, we performed a separate meta-analysis and meta-regression of studies on the association of insulin resistance and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Methods: All included studies were searched from PubMed (from conception to March 15, 2014). Data were pooled across all included RCTs as the mean difference in HOMA-IR and @entity3 , and as the standardized mean difference in the case of @entity2 analysis. From the included case-control studies, data on the difference of HOMA-IR between cases and controls were pooled across all studies, as the standardized mean difference (SMD). Results: There was a significant difference in HOMA-IR (-0.43 [95% CIs: -0.75 to -0.11], p = 0.008) between CPAP treated and non CPAP treated @entity0 . However, there was no significant difference in @entity3 or @entity2 ; (-47.93 [95% CI: -112.58 to 16.72], p = 0.14) and (-0.06 [95% CI: -0.28 to 0.15], p = 0.56), respectively. Meta-analysis of 16 case-control studies showed a pooled SMD in HOMA-IR of 0.51 (95% CI: 0.28 to 0.75), p  <= 0.001, between cases and controls. Conclusions: The results of our meta-analyses show that CPAP has a favorable effect on insulin resistance. This effect is not associated with any significant changes in total @entity2 levels or amount of @entity3 . Our findings also confirm a significant association between @entity1 and insulin resistance.

title: Meta-analyses of the Association of Sleep Apnea with Insulin Resistance, and the Effects of CPAP on HOMA-IR, XXXX , and Visceral Adipose Fat.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: This descriptive review of the literature outlines the current evidence-base underpinning the potential of transcranial brain stimulation techniques to modulate swallowing function in healthy individuals and in treating post- @entity1 . METHODS: Published research was identified by review of scientific databases (Scopus, Medline Ovid, Science Direct, AMED and Google Scholar) using relevant keywords. In addition, the reference lists of identified articles were scrutinized to identify further potentially relevant papers. Studies employing variants of transcranial magnetic or direct current stimulation for the purpose of modulating swallowing motor cortical excitability in healthy @entity0 or @entity2 following @entity1 were included. Due to a significant heterogeneity in stimulation paradigms, all included studies were summarised and descriptively analysed in relation to the @entity0 tested, cortical representations targeted by brain stimulation and outcome measures used. RESULTS: Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria (seven evaluating healthy @entity0 , 10 evaluating @entity0 presenting with post- @entity1 ). Cortical stimulation most commonly targeted pharyngeal motor representations (13/17 studies). In the 10 clinical studies, stimulation was applied contralesionally (5/10 studies), ipsilesionally (3/10 studies) or bilaterally (2/10 studies). A range of behavioural and neurophysiological outcome measures demonstrated positive effects on swallowing function across studies. CONCLUSION: There is promising proof of concept that non-invasive brain stimulation may provide a useful adjunct to post- @entity1 swallowing rehabilitation practice. Eventual transition of optimal paradigms into routine clinical practice will be accompanied by practical considerations in relation to local and national frameworks, e.g. the prescription and provision of treatment.

title: Transcranial non-invasive brain stimulation in swallowing rehabilitation following XXXX - A review of the literature.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Persistent @entity2 ( @entity2 ) after surgical @entity3 (ERM) may impair postoperative visual recovery. Sustained-release @entity1 intravitreal implant ( @entity4 ) was used to treat recalcitrant @entity2 after vitrectomy for ERM. @entity0 AND METHODS: Retrospective chart review of eyes treated with @entity4 for @entity2 after ERM removal. Visual and anatomic outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Five eyes with refractory @entity2 on optical coherence tomography (OCT) after ERM surgery were treated with @entity4 . Four of five eyes demonstrated reduction in macular thickness on OCT (mean: 106  m), with mean percentage reduction in central foveal thickness of 25%. Visual acuity improved by one or more Snellen lines in four of five eyes. @entity4 effect duration was 3 to 9 months. Two eyes with OCT and visual improvement after initial @entity4 received multiple @entity4 implants for maintenance therapy. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory factors may contribute to persistent @entity2 after vitrectomy for ERM. @entity4 may be a treatment option in such cases.

title: Sustained-release XXXX intravitreal implant for persistent @entity2 after vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Persistent @entity2 ( @entity2 ) after surgical @entity3 (ERM) may impair postoperative visual recovery. Sustained-release @entity1 intravitreal implant ( @entity4 ) was used to treat recalcitrant @entity2 after vitrectomy for ERM. @entity0 AND METHODS: Retrospective chart review of eyes treated with @entity4 for @entity2 after ERM removal. Visual and anatomic outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Five eyes with refractory @entity2 on optical coherence tomography (OCT) after ERM surgery were treated with @entity4 . Four of five eyes demonstrated reduction in macular thickness on OCT (mean: 106  m), with mean percentage reduction in central foveal thickness of 25%. Visual acuity improved by one or more Snellen lines in four of five eyes. @entity4 effect duration was 3 to 9 months. Two eyes with OCT and visual improvement after initial @entity4 received multiple @entity4 implants for maintenance therapy. CONCLUSION: Inflammatory factors may contribute to persistent @entity2 after vitrectomy for ERM. @entity4 may be a treatment option in such cases.

title: Sustained-release @entity1 intravitreal implant for persistent XXXX after vitrectomy for epiretinal membrane.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity1 and clearance of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) following high-dose (800 mg) therapy followed by @entity5 rescue was studied in 12 @entity0 (2 female, 10 male): the mean age was 49.3 +/- 5.5 (SE), weight 68.6 +/- 3.9 (SE) and body surface area 1.8 +/- 0.1 m2. Plasma and urine were collected over 154 h at intervals of 2-24 h, and the collection times, volume, and pH of urine samples recorded. Total @entity4 concentrations in urine and plasma were measured by the highly specific competitive protein-binding assay method. Plasma and urinary @entity2 levels were measured on an SMA-12 autoanalyser. The renal clearance of @entity4 was calculated for each urine collection period. Following oral administration, clearance values during the first 6 h were high at 257 +/- 8.3 (ml/Min), followed by a trough in clearance of 27.9 +/- 4.2 (ml/min) in the 20- to 30-h period. This was followed by a secondary rise of @entity4 renal clearance to 180.4 +/- 14.6 ml/min during the 68- to 84-h period and again to 84.9 +/- 17.1 ml/min between 84 and 112 h. In the last two periods it rose to 209 +/- 57.9 ml/min. Similar fluctuations were seen following IV administration. The changes in clearance were statistically significant at the p less than 0.005 level. It is suggested that high concentrations of @entity4 in the renal tubules result in inhibition of carrier protein synthesis, leading to a fall in active tubular secretion. When @entity4 concentrations fall the tubular cell recovers and a secondary rise in renal clearance occurs, leading to cyclical changes in @entity4 elimination.

title: Renal clearance of XXXX in @entity0 during high-dose oral and intravenous infusion therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The @entity1 and clearance of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) following high-dose (800 mg) therapy followed by @entity5 rescue was studied in 12 @entity0 (2 female, 10 male): the mean age was 49.3 +/- 5.5 (SE), weight 68.6 +/- 3.9 (SE) and body surface area 1.8 +/- 0.1 m2. Plasma and urine were collected over 154 h at intervals of 2-24 h, and the collection times, volume, and pH of urine samples recorded. Total @entity4 concentrations in urine and plasma were measured by the highly specific competitive protein-binding assay method. Plasma and urinary @entity2 levels were measured on an SMA-12 autoanalyser. The renal clearance of @entity4 was calculated for each urine collection period. Following oral administration, clearance values during the first 6 h were high at 257 +/- 8.3 (ml/Min), followed by a trough in clearance of 27.9 +/- 4.2 (ml/min) in the 20- to 30-h period. This was followed by a secondary rise of @entity4 renal clearance to 180.4 +/- 14.6 ml/min during the 68- to 84-h period and again to 84.9 +/- 17.1 ml/min between 84 and 112 h. In the last two periods it rose to 209 +/- 57.9 ml/min. Similar fluctuations were seen following IV administration. The changes in clearance were statistically significant at the p less than 0.005 level. It is suggested that high concentrations of @entity4 in the renal tubules result in inhibition of carrier protein synthesis, leading to a fall in active tubular secretion. When @entity4 concentrations fall the tubular cell recovers and a secondary rise in renal clearance occurs, leading to cyclical changes in @entity4 elimination.

title: Renal clearance of @entity3 in XXXX during high-dose oral and intravenous infusion therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and adverse birth outcomes. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Not applicable. @entity0 (S): A total of 3,521 singletons born to @entity0 aged 18-40 years at cohort entry. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Selected birth outcomes, including preterm birth (PTB, <37 weeks' gestation), low birth weight (<2,500 g), small for gestational age, large for gestational age, and @entity6 , ascertained from the Danish Medical Birth Registry and Danish National Registry of @entity0 . Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using log-binomial regression, with adjustment for potential confounders and fertility treatment. RESULT(S): Multivariable RRs for PTB in relation to @entity3 of 3-5, 6-11, and >= 12 vs. <3 cycles were 1.59 (95% CI 0.94-2.69), 0.85 (95% CI 0.48-1.50), and 1.57 (95% CI 0.93-2.65). The association was slightly stronger for spontaneous PTB ( @entity3 >= 12 vs. <3 cycles: @entity5 .69, 95% CI 0.84-3.42) than for medically indicated PTB ( @entity5 .39, 95% CI 0.62-3.12). Longer TTPs (>= 12 cycles) were associated with increased risks of low birth weight ( @entity5 .80, 95% CI 0.97-3.35), cesarean delivery ( @entity5 .64, 95% CI 1.27-2.12), @entity6 ( @entity8 .21, 95% CI 1.07-4.56), @entity1 ( @entity5 .56, 95% CI 0.99-2.44), @entity4 ( @entity5 .45, 95% CI 0.79-2.65), and postpartum @entity2 ( @entity5 .58, CI 1.14-2.19), and decreased risks of @entity7 (>= 4,500 g; RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.35-1.13) and large for gestational age (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.58-1.00). Longer @entity3 showed little association with small for gestational age. CONCLUSION(S): In a prospective cohort study of Danish pregnancy planners, delayed conception was a marker for adverse birth outcomes, after accounting for fertility treatment.

title: Prospective study of XXXX and adverse birth outcomes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Purpose. We aimed to describe a unique case in which a @entity0 developed unilateral @entity12 and @entity8 as a result of @entity11 . Case Report. Approximately 18 hours after @entity11 , a 67-year-old female @entity0 described @entity4 and severe @entity3 in her left eye (LE). The @entity0 's best corrected visual acuity was 10/10 in the RE and hand motion in the LE. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed signs of @entity2 in the left optic nerve. In the LE, corneal haziness, closure of the iridocorneal angle, and mild @entity10 were observed and pupillary light reflex was absent. Intraocular pressure was 25   mmHg and 57   mmHg in the RE and LE, respectively. The @entity0 was diagnosed with @entity8 in the LE. @entity6 was treated with intravenous pulse @entity5 . @entity9 was within normal range starting on the fourth day. One month after the incident, there was no sign of @entity6 ; relative afferent @entity7 and @entity6 disappeared. Conclusions. @entity0 with severe @entity1 and @entity4 must be carefully examined for possible @entity6 and @entity8 . Early diagnosis and treatment of these cases are necessary to prevent permanent @entity6 .

title: XXXX and Acute @entity8 following Snake Envenomation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Purpose. We aimed to describe a unique case in which a @entity0 developed unilateral @entity12 and @entity8 as a result of @entity11 . Case Report. Approximately 18 hours after @entity11 , a 67-year-old female @entity0 described @entity4 and severe @entity3 in her left eye (LE). The @entity0 's best corrected visual acuity was 10/10 in the RE and hand motion in the LE. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging showed signs of @entity2 in the left optic nerve. In the LE, corneal haziness, closure of the iridocorneal angle, and mild @entity10 were observed and pupillary light reflex was absent. Intraocular pressure was 25   mmHg and 57   mmHg in the RE and LE, respectively. The @entity0 was diagnosed with @entity8 in the LE. @entity6 was treated with intravenous pulse @entity5 . @entity9 was within normal range starting on the fourth day. One month after the incident, there was no sign of @entity6 ; relative afferent @entity7 and @entity6 disappeared. Conclusions. @entity0 with severe @entity1 and @entity4 must be carefully examined for possible @entity6 and @entity8 . Early diagnosis and treatment of these cases are necessary to prevent permanent @entity6 .

title: @entity6 and Acute XXXX following Snake Envenomation.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Background. Activation of the innate immune system by @entity1 accelerates @entity2 . High levels or modified forms of @entity1 stimulate release of the inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and @entity8 that synergistically stimulate T lymphocytes to produce the atherogenic cytokine interferon-y. While activation of the innate immune system by @entity1 is well-described in animal models and @entity0 subjects with high @entity1 levels or known @entity2 , the interaction of @entity1 and lipoproteins with the innate immune system in @entity0 subjects without known @entity2 is less well-described. The goal of our study was to assess the @entity3 modulating cytokines IL-12 p40 and @entity8 , and their counter regulatory cytokines @entity8 binding protein and @entity9 , to determine if their levels are linked to @entity1 levels or other factors. Methods. We performed a blinded, randomized hypothesis-generating study in @entity0 subjects without known @entity2 . We measured serum lipids, lipoprotein levels, and collected plasma samples at baseline. Subjects were randomized to two weeks of therapy with @entity5 , @entity7 , or @entity6 . Lipids and cytokine levels were measured after two weeks of statin treatment. Subjects were given a four-week statin-free period. At the end of the four-week statin-free period, venous blood was sampled again to determine if serum lipids returned to within 5% of their pre-statin levels. When lipid levels returned to baseline, subjects were again treated with the next statin in the randomization scheme. IL-12, @entity8 , @entity8 binding protein, and @entity9 were measured at baseline and after each statin treatment to determine effects of @entity4 treatment on their blood levels, and identify correlations with lipids and lipoproteins. Results. Therapy with statins revealed no significant change in the levels of IL-12, @entity8 , @entity8 binding protein or @entity9 levels. We found that @entity8 levels positively correlate with total @entity1 levels (r (2) = 0.15, p < 0.03), but not HDL or LDL @entity1 . In contrast, IL-12 p40 levels inversely correlated with total @entity1 (r (2) = -0.17, p < 0.008), HDL @entity1 (r (2) = -0.22, p < 0.002), and apolipoprotein A1 (r (2) = -0.21, p < 0.002). Similarly, @entity8 binding protein levels inversely correlated with apolipoprotein A1 levels (r (2) = -0.13, p < 0.02). Conclusions. Our findings suggest that total @entity1 levels positively regulate @entity8 , while HDL @entity1 and apolipoprotein A1 may reduce IL-12 p40 and @entity8 binding protein levels. Additional studies in a larger @entity0 population are needed to confirm these findings, and verify mechanistically whether HDL @entity1 can directly suppress IL-12 p40 and @entity8 binding protein levels in @entity0 subjects.

title: Effects of statins on XXXX modulating cytokines in @entity0 subjects.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Background. Activation of the innate immune system by @entity1 accelerates @entity2 . High levels or modified forms of @entity1 stimulate release of the inflammatory cytokines IL-12 and @entity8 that synergistically stimulate T lymphocytes to produce the atherogenic cytokine interferon-y. While activation of the innate immune system by @entity1 is well-described in animal models and @entity0 subjects with high @entity1 levels or known @entity2 , the interaction of @entity1 and lipoproteins with the innate immune system in @entity0 subjects without known @entity2 is less well-described. The goal of our study was to assess the @entity3 modulating cytokines IL-12 p40 and @entity8 , and their counter regulatory cytokines @entity8 binding protein and @entity9 , to determine if their levels are linked to @entity1 levels or other factors. Methods. We performed a blinded, randomized hypothesis-generating study in @entity0 subjects without known @entity2 . We measured serum lipids, lipoprotein levels, and collected plasma samples at baseline. Subjects were randomized to two weeks of therapy with @entity5 , @entity7 , or @entity6 . Lipids and cytokine levels were measured after two weeks of statin treatment. Subjects were given a four-week statin-free period. At the end of the four-week statin-free period, venous blood was sampled again to determine if serum lipids returned to within 5% of their pre-statin levels. When lipid levels returned to baseline, subjects were again treated with the next statin in the randomization scheme. IL-12, @entity8 , @entity8 binding protein, and @entity9 were measured at baseline and after each statin treatment to determine effects of @entity4 treatment on their blood levels, and identify correlations with lipids and lipoproteins. Results. Therapy with statins revealed no significant change in the levels of IL-12, @entity8 , @entity8 binding protein or @entity9 levels. We found that @entity8 levels positively correlate with total @entity1 levels (r (2) = 0.15, p < 0.03), but not HDL or LDL @entity1 . In contrast, IL-12 p40 levels inversely correlated with total @entity1 (r (2) = -0.17, p < 0.008), HDL @entity1 (r (2) = -0.22, p < 0.002), and apolipoprotein A1 (r (2) = -0.21, p < 0.002). Similarly, @entity8 binding protein levels inversely correlated with apolipoprotein A1 levels (r (2) = -0.13, p < 0.02). Conclusions. Our findings suggest that total @entity1 levels positively regulate @entity8 , while HDL @entity1 and apolipoprotein A1 may reduce IL-12 p40 and @entity8 binding protein levels. Additional studies in a larger @entity0 population are needed to confirm these findings, and verify mechanistically whether HDL @entity1 can directly suppress IL-12 p40 and @entity8 binding protein levels in @entity0 subjects.

title: Effects of statins on @entity3 modulating cytokines in XXXX subjects.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Although stage IV @entity3 ( @entity3 ) encompasses a wide variety of clinical conditions with diverse prognoses, no statistical model for predicting the postoperative prognosis of stage IV @entity3 has been established. Thus, we here aimed to construct a predictive model for disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) after curative surgery for stage IV @entity3 using nomograms. METHODS: The study included 1133 stage IV @entity3 @entity0 who underwent curative surgical resection in 19 institutions. @entity0 were divided into derivation (n  =  586) and validation (n  =  547) groups. Nomograms to predict the 1- and 3-year DFS rates and the 3- and 5-year @entity5 rates were constructed using the derivation set. Calibration plots were constructed, and concordance indices (c-indices) were calculated. The predictive utility of the nomogram was validated in the validation set. RESULTS: The postoperative @entity4 ( @entity4 ) level, depth of @entity2 invasion (T factor), lymph node @entity1 (N factor), and number of metastatic organs were adopted as variables for the DFS-predicting nomogram, whereas the postoperative @entity4 level, T factor, N factor, and peritoneal dissemination were adopted for the nomogram to predict @entity5 . The nomograms showed moderate calibration, with c-indices of 0.629 and 0.640 in the derivation set and 0.604 and 0.637 in the validation set for DFS and @entity5 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The nomograms developed were capable of estimating the probability of DFS and @entity5 on the basis of only 4 variables, and may represent useful tools for postoperative surveillance of stage IV @entity3 @entity0 in routine practice.

title: Nomograms for predicting the prognosis of stage IV XXXX after curative resection: A multicenter retrospective study.

answer: @entity3