abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture of "Guanyuan" (CV 4) on bone miner density, bone biomechanics, serum @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) contents, and femoral osteoblastic Wnt-b-catenin signaling in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 . METHODS: Forty female SD @entity0 were randomly divided into sham operation (sham), model, EA-CV 4, and EA-non-acupoint (below the costal region) groups (n = 10 in each group). The @entity1 model was established by performing an ovariectomy in the @entity0 of the later 3 groups. EA (2 Hz, 1 mA) was applied to CV 4 for 20 min, once daily for one month, with one day's break between every 10 days. After the treatment, serum @entity4 and ALP contents were detected using ELISA, the right femoral bone miner density and biomechanics (maximum load, breakage load) were measured using a Dual Energy X-Ray Bone Densitometer and a Universal Material Testing Instrument, respectively. The expression levels of @entity2 mRNA, b-catenin mRNA and the bone-specific factors runt-related transcription factor 2 ( @entity3 ) mRNA of the femoral bone tissue were determined by real time RT-PCR. RESULTS: HE staining results suggested EA of "Guanyuan" (CV 4) can improve the morphological changes (trabeculae) of @entity1 in ovariectomized @entity0 . Compared with the control group, femoral maximum load and breakage load, bone density and serum @entity4 and ALP contents, femoral @entity2 mRNA, b-catenin and @entity3 mRNA expression levels, and femoral @entity2 .and b-catenin immunoactivity were significantly down-regulated in the ovariectomized @entity0 (model group) (P < 0.05). Following EA treatment, all the decreased levels of femoral maximum load and breakage load, bone density and serum @entity4 and ALP, femoral @entity2 mRNA and protein, b-catenin mRNA and protein and @entity3 mRNA expression were obviously reversed in the EA-CV 4 group (P < 0.05) rather than in the non-acupoint group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: EA of CV 4 can improve the femoral biomechanics, increase bone density in OVX @entity0 , which are associated to its effects in up-regulating levels of serum @entity4 and ALP, femoral @entity2 mRNA and protein, b-catenin mRNA and protein and @entity3 mRNA expression, suggesting an involment of improved bone metabolism and activation of osteoblastic Wnt-b-catenin signaling.

title: [Effect of electroacupuncture of "Guanyuan" (CV 4) on Wnt-b-catenin signaling in @entity1 XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 cross-linked hemoglobin ( @entity8 ), a hemoglobin-based blood substitute, has been found to improve systemic hemodynamics, cutaneous @entity0 tension, and normalization of blood @entity5 levels and acid-base equilibrium after @entity4 in animals. The present study was conducted to determine the dose-dependent effect of a 10% solution of @entity8 (20, 50, and 100% of shed blood volume; SBV) on regional blood circulation in hemorrhaged @entity1 . @entity4 was induced in @entity6 -anesthetized @entity1 by bleeding them at a rate of approximately .5 to 1 mL/min until a mean arterial pressure of 35-40 mmHg was achieved. This was maintained for up to 90 min to reach a base deficit of more than -12 mmol/L. @entity4 significantly decreased @entity0 consumption, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, @entity2 volume, and regional blood circulation, but increased total peripheral resistance. The vehicle Ringer's @entity5 (RL at 20% of SBV, intravenously) did not produce any improvements in @entity0 consumption, base deficit, systemic hemodynamics, and regional blood circulation. @entity8 increased @entity0 consumption, decreased base deficit, and produced significant improvements in systemic hemodynamics and regional blood flow in a dose-dependent manner. The increase in blood flow was highly significant until 60 min, but was less marked at 120 min, after resuscitation with @entity8 . Resuscitation with RL (300% of SBV) significantly improved systemic and regional blood circulation. However, the improvement was greater after resuscitation with @entity8 (50 or 100% of SBV) as compared with RL at 300% SBV. @entity8 in the dose of 50% of SBV produced maximal resuscitative effects, which were comparable to a @entity8 dose of 100% of SBV. The effect of @entity8 at 50% of SBV on renal cortical blood perfusion, concentration of moving red blood cells (CMBC), and blood velocity was also studied using laser Doppler flowmetry. @entity4 produced a @entity3 (85.3%), which was due to a decrease in the CMBC (61.0%) and their velocity (64.2%). Resuscitation with the RL did not produce any improvement in renal cortical perfusion. However, resuscitation with @entity8 significantly increased renal cortical perfusion (364.7%) due to an increase in both CMBC (123.4%) and their velocity (109.9%). It is concluded that @entity8 in a dose of 50% of SBV produces maximal improvement in regional blood circulation of hemorrhaged @entity1 .

title: Dose-dependent effect of XXXX cross-linked hemoglobin on regional blood circulation of severely hemorrhaged @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 cross-linked hemoglobin ( @entity8 ), a hemoglobin-based blood substitute, has been found to improve systemic hemodynamics, cutaneous @entity0 tension, and normalization of blood @entity5 levels and acid-base equilibrium after @entity4 in animals. The present study was conducted to determine the dose-dependent effect of a 10% solution of @entity8 (20, 50, and 100% of shed blood volume; SBV) on regional blood circulation in hemorrhaged @entity1 . @entity4 was induced in @entity6 -anesthetized @entity1 by bleeding them at a rate of approximately .5 to 1 mL/min until a mean arterial pressure of 35-40 mmHg was achieved. This was maintained for up to 90 min to reach a base deficit of more than -12 mmol/L. @entity4 significantly decreased @entity0 consumption, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output, @entity2 volume, and regional blood circulation, but increased total peripheral resistance. The vehicle Ringer's @entity5 (RL at 20% of SBV, intravenously) did not produce any improvements in @entity0 consumption, base deficit, systemic hemodynamics, and regional blood circulation. @entity8 increased @entity0 consumption, decreased base deficit, and produced significant improvements in systemic hemodynamics and regional blood flow in a dose-dependent manner. The increase in blood flow was highly significant until 60 min, but was less marked at 120 min, after resuscitation with @entity8 . Resuscitation with RL (300% of SBV) significantly improved systemic and regional blood circulation. However, the improvement was greater after resuscitation with @entity8 (50 or 100% of SBV) as compared with RL at 300% SBV. @entity8 in the dose of 50% of SBV produced maximal resuscitative effects, which were comparable to a @entity8 dose of 100% of SBV. The effect of @entity8 at 50% of SBV on renal cortical blood perfusion, concentration of moving red blood cells (CMBC), and blood velocity was also studied using laser Doppler flowmetry. @entity4 produced a @entity3 (85.3%), which was due to a decrease in the CMBC (61.0%) and their velocity (64.2%). Resuscitation with the RL did not produce any improvement in renal cortical perfusion. However, resuscitation with @entity8 significantly increased renal cortical perfusion (364.7%) due to an increase in both CMBC (123.4%) and their velocity (109.9%). It is concluded that @entity8 in a dose of 50% of SBV produces maximal improvement in regional blood circulation of hemorrhaged @entity1 .

title: Dose-dependent effect of @entity7 cross-linked hemoglobin on regional blood circulation of severely hemorrhaged XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have used immunocytochemical detection of @entity6 expression (FOS-like immunoreactivity, FLI) to establish the site of action of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in neonatal @entity2 in a model of lesion-induced precocious puberty. The primary target appears to be the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) but other circumventricular organs (CVO) are also affected (e.g. subfornical organ). Single injections of @entity7 (1-4 mg/g single dose, postnatal day 2 (P2)) which result in precocious puberty induce an area of @entity0 , surrounded by a ring of FLI in the basal hypothalamus. In contrast, a maximal sub-lethal dose of @entity3 ( @entity4 ; 3 mg/kg) which produces a different pattern of ARC FLI, without @entity0 , has no effect on puberty. Multiple doses of @entity7 (4 mg/g P2, P4, P6, P8), consistent with severe @entity1 and resultant sterility, markedly attenuates the FLI response by P8, with no visible @entity0 following the final injection. In efforts to block the effect of @entity7 , pretreatment with the @entity3 receptor-specific antagonist @entity5 ( @entity5 ) prevented the appearance of @entity0 , as well as the onset of precocious puberty. However, @entity5 did not completely eliminate the FLI, but transformed the pattern of staining so that the original @entity0 area now contained many FOS-positive cells. This remaining @entity7 -induced FLI could not be eliminated by higher doses of @entity5 or by the non- @entity3 antagonist @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The combination of @entity5 and @entity8 was also ineffective. @entity5 or @entity8 had no effect on FLI when injected alone (i.e., without @entity7 ) or in combination. The receptor which mediates @entity7 -induced @entity6 expression, in the presence of @entity5 or @entity8 , needs to be identified. We conclude, in conjunction with our previous work, that @entity7 induces precocious sexual maturation via an @entity5 -sensitive mechanism associated with an @entity0 response of the basal hypothalamus. Whether the appearance of @entity0 is indicative of an excitotoxic action of @entity7 , resulting in the removal of neurons inhibitory to sexual maturation, remains to be established.

title: Neonatal hypothalamic XXXX expression in an excitotoxicity-induced model of precocious puberty.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Brucellosis is one of the leading diseases in the differential diagnosis of @entity4 of unknown origin in some parts of the world. It can lead to treatment failure because of slow growth in blood cultures and late appearance of signs and symptoms in @entity0 with @entity8 who were unresponsive to empirical antibiotic treatment. During the last year in our oncology unit adjuvant chemotherapy was given to 3 @entity0 with breast (n=1) and @entity1 (n=2) and @entity8 was seen after the first course of chemotherapy ( @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity9 , @entity11 , @entity5 , and @entity7 ) in all 3 @entity0 . Cefepime and @entity15 were commenced but the @entity4 continued. Prior to antifungal treatment, the @entity0 were re-evaluated because of the history of unpasteurized milk ingestion without overt signs and symptoms. Serum agglutination tests of @entity12 were performed and were 1:640 in two @entity0 and 1:320 in the third. @entity16 was identified only in one case although multiple blood cultures were taken from all 3 patients. Empiric antibiotic treatment was stopped and @entity14 1 g/day (10 days), @entity13 200 mg/day (28 days), @entity2 320 mg and @entity3 1600 mg/day (28 days) were given. Although @entity8 continued, @entity4 subsided in 3 days. Due to high incidence of @entity12 in some geographic areas, especially in the Middle East, @entity12 should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of @entity8 .

title: Brucellosis in the etiology of XXXX : case report.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The protooncogene c-jun is highly expressed for long periods in axotomized PNS neurons. This may be related to their growth and regeneration. In contrast, axotomized CNS neurons show only a small and transient upregulation of c-jun. It has been suggested that there may be a correlation between this failure to maintain high levels of c-jun expression after axotomy and abortive CNS axonal regeneration. We have studied, by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, the c-jun response after stab wound lesion, and after peripheral nerve grafting in the thalamus and cerebellum of the adult @entity0 . A lesion elicits upregulation of c-jun in thalamic neurons ipsilateral to the lesion. This is most evident and prolonged in neurons such as those of the thalamic reticular nucleus, which have an established propensity to regenerate. After peripheral nerve grafting, the c-jun response in thalamic neurons is enhanced, mostly in neurons which have axons regenerating along the grafts. These neurons also upregulate @entity1 ( @entity1 ). By comparison, injured Purkinje cells of the cerebellum which do not regenerate their axons along a graft, do not upregulate either c-jun or @entity1 , although they increase their expression of @entity2 . Thus CNS neurons able to regenerate their axons along a peripheral nerve graft are those in which c-jun is induced after injury, and c-jun may play a critical role in the control of gene programs for axonal regeneration. Moreover, the observed differences in the ability of CNS neurons to regenerate their axons may relate to a difference in their intrinsic molecular response to axotomy.

title: Axonal injury and peripheral nerve grafting in the thalamus and cerebellum of the adult XXXX : upregulation of c-jun and correlation with regenerative potential.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity4 associated with perioperative blood conservation has raised concerns regarding the safety of these strategies in @entity0 with @entity2 . Therefore the relationship between hematocrit level and @entity8 episodes in a group of elderly @entity0 undergoing elective noncardiac surgery was studied. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: One hundred ninety @entity0 undergoing radical prostatectomy were randomly assigned to one of three blood conservation groups: preoperative autologous blood donation, @entity7 , and preoperative @entity9 therapy with @entity7 . @entity0 underwent ambulatory electrocardiography monitoring to evaluate for @entity8 at randomization (baseline), 7 days preoperatively, throughout surgery, and for 24 hours after surgery. RESULTS: Myocardial @entity1 episodes occurred in 61 (34%) of 181 evaluable @entity0 . @entity0 with hematocrit levels < 28 percent immediately after surgery were significantly (p = 0.05) more likely to have intraoperative and postoperative ECG @entity1 episodes. Intraoperative @entity1 and @entity6 correlated (r = 0.21, p = 0.008) with hematocrit levels. Hematocrit levels after surgery were associated with postoperative @entity1 (r = 0.14, p = 0.03) and duration of @entity8 episodes (r = 0.14, p = 0.04). After adjusting for other risk factors, intraoperative @entity6 episodes, hematocrit level < 28 percent immediately after surgery, and risk factors for @entity5 were independently associated with the likelihood of intraoperative @entity1 (r = 0.36, p = 0.002, area under receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.73). Similarly, @entity6 episodes and hematocrit levels < 28 percent immediately after surgery were independently associated with @entity1 episodes during the first postoperative day (r = 0.30, p = 0.004, area under receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.71). CONCLUSION: A hematocrit level < 28 percent is independently associated with risk for @entity8 during and after noncardiac surgery. Avoidance of @entity3 may require higher transfusion thresholds, closer attention to @entity6 , or better monitoring for @entity1 .

title: Perioperative XXXX episodes are related to hematocrit level in @entity0 undergoing radical prostatectomy.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity4 associated with perioperative blood conservation has raised concerns regarding the safety of these strategies in @entity0 with @entity2 . Therefore the relationship between hematocrit level and @entity8 episodes in a group of elderly @entity0 undergoing elective noncardiac surgery was studied. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: One hundred ninety @entity0 undergoing radical prostatectomy were randomly assigned to one of three blood conservation groups: preoperative autologous blood donation, @entity7 , and preoperative @entity9 therapy with @entity7 . @entity0 underwent ambulatory electrocardiography monitoring to evaluate for @entity8 at randomization (baseline), 7 days preoperatively, throughout surgery, and for 24 hours after surgery. RESULTS: Myocardial @entity1 episodes occurred in 61 (34%) of 181 evaluable @entity0 . @entity0 with hematocrit levels < 28 percent immediately after surgery were significantly (p = 0.05) more likely to have intraoperative and postoperative ECG @entity1 episodes. Intraoperative @entity1 and @entity6 correlated (r = 0.21, p = 0.008) with hematocrit levels. Hematocrit levels after surgery were associated with postoperative @entity1 (r = 0.14, p = 0.03) and duration of @entity8 episodes (r = 0.14, p = 0.04). After adjusting for other risk factors, intraoperative @entity6 episodes, hematocrit level < 28 percent immediately after surgery, and risk factors for @entity5 were independently associated with the likelihood of intraoperative @entity1 (r = 0.36, p = 0.002, area under receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.73). Similarly, @entity6 episodes and hematocrit levels < 28 percent immediately after surgery were independently associated with @entity1 episodes during the first postoperative day (r = 0.30, p = 0.004, area under receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.71). CONCLUSION: A hematocrit level < 28 percent is independently associated with risk for @entity8 during and after noncardiac surgery. Avoidance of @entity3 may require higher transfusion thresholds, closer attention to @entity6 , or better monitoring for @entity1 .

title: Perioperative @entity8 episodes are related to hematocrit level in XXXX undergoing radical prostatectomy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We analyzed our experience in the period January 1975-December 1995 aiming to confirm the role of surgery in the multimodality treatment of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: 127 @entity0 (5.28% of the overall lung resections for @entity2 ) underwent surgery for @entity1 . The median age was 60 years (range 34-73). In 87 @entity0 (68.5%) a pre-operative tissue diagnosis was effected and those @entity0 underwent a complete staging procedure. Fifteen @entity0 received up to six complete courses of neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy. The surgical procedures included: 50 pneumonectomies, 71 lobectomies and six wedge resections. Two @entity0 experienced a local recurrence and a completion pneumonectomy was performed. RESULTS: The median follow-up is 66 months (range 6-214). The 5-year actuarial survival rate is 22.6% (median 18 months). Twenty-three @entity0 are still alive, 21 of them being disease-free. Considering the most conspicuous group of @entity0 (n = 92) treated by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy, the survival data were 47.2, 14.8 and 14.4% for Stage I, II and III, respectively (P = 0.001). NO @entity0 had a significantly better survival than N1 and N2 @entity0 (P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy might represent an effective form of treatment of limited @entity1 without lymph-node involvement. The role of surgery is yet to be verified as regards N1 and N2 status, where even neoadjuvant chemotherapy has not achieved the hoped-for results (no @entity0 reaching a 2-year survival).

title: Surgery in the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Connective tissue contraction is an important aspect of both normal wound healing and @entity1 . This process may contribute to small airway narrowing associated with certain @entity2 . Fibroblast-mediated contraction of a three-dimensional collagen gel has been considered a model of tissue contraction. In this study, the ability of primary cultured @entity0 bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC) obtained by bronchial brushings to modulate fibroblast gel contraction was evaluated. @entity0 lung fibroblasts ( @entity7 ) were cast into type I collagen gels. The gels were floated both in dishes containing a monolayer of HBEC or in dishes without HBEC. Contraction assessed by measuring the area of gels was increased at all time points from 24 h up to 96 h of coculture. At 48 h, coculture of HBEC with fibroblasts resulted in significantly more contraction than fibroblasts alone (36.6 +/- 1.2 vs. 20.4 +/- 1.7%, P < 0.05). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 micrograms/ml) stimulation of the HBEC augmented the contraction (44.9 +/- 1.0%, P < 0.05 vs. HBEC). In the presence of @entity5 , the augmentation by LPS was increased further (52.2 +/- 4.3%, P < 0.05 vs. HBEC with LPS), suggesting that @entity4 (PGs) are present and may inhibit contraction. Consistent with this, PGE was present in HBEC-conditioned medium. Bronchial epithelial cell conditioned medium had an effect similar to coculturing. SG-150 column chromatography revealed augmentive activity between 20 and 30 kDa and inhibitory activity between 10 and 20 kDa. Measurement by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed the presence of the active form of @entity6 . The stimulatory activity of conditioned medium was blocked by adding anti- @entity3 antibody. These data demonstrate that, through the release of factors including @entity6 which can augment and PGE which can inhibit, HBEC can modulate fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction. In this manner, HBEC may modulate fibroblast activities that determine the architecture of bronchial tissue.

title: XXXX bronchial epithelial cells modulate collagen gel contraction by fibroblasts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The corium is diminished to about half of its thickness in @entity2 and wrinkles. All biological materials that increase the thickness of the corium are resorbed within a certain time. Therefore, a lasting effect can be achieved only with nonresorbable synthetic substances. Artecoll consists of microspheres of 30-40 microm in diameter, of exceptional surface smoothness, purity, and homogeneity related to @entity4 . These microspheres are suspended in atelocollagen which serves as a vehicle for subdermal implantation. Due to its smooth surface and consequential lack of electrical charges, each single microsphere is immediately encapsulated with the @entity0 's own collagen fibers, thus preventing dislocation. Within 3 months, collagen (making up 75% of Artecoll) is replaced by the body's own connective tissue. The microspheres (25% of Artecoll) serve merely as a stimulus to the fibroblasts. Indications for Artecoll are all facial folds, lip- and philtrum augmentation, chin- and malar augmentation, dark-shadowed eyelids, @entity5 , @entity1 in face and hands, nipple reconstruction and augmentation, and @entity3 . Questionnaires were sent to all @entity0 who had received Artecoll in 1993 and 1994. Of a total of 950 questionnaires sent, 515 were returned by September 1995. Satisfaction was rated "very good" in 29%, "good" in 38%, "satisfactory" in 23%, and "no difference" in 8% of the @entity0 . The question, "Would you repeat the treatment again?" was answered by 91% of the @entity0 with "yes." The overall complication rate was 3%. Strictly subdermal implantation will prevent longer lasting redness or visibility of the Artecoll.

title: XXXX -Microspheres (Artecoll) for long-lasting correction of wrinkles: refinements and statistical results.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Historically poor success rates of nonoperative management of @entity1 in elderly @entity0 have led to recommendations for operative intervention in @entity0 more than 55 years of age. Recent studies are in opposition to earlier recommendations revealing equal success rates of nonoperative management of @entity1 in all age groups. A retrospective chart review was performed to assess factors related to the successful management of @entity1 in @entity0 over 55 years of age at a Level I @entity1 center. Thirty-seven @entity0 over 55 presented with blunt @entity1 during the 5-year study period. Thirteen @entity0 were taken immediately to the operating room on the basis of clinical findings and/or abdomen/pelvis CT results. Nonoperative management was attempted in 24 @entity0 on the basis of CT findings. Nonoperative management was successful in 15 @entity0 (62.5%) and failed in eight @entity0 (33.3%). @entity0 who failed nonoperative management had significantly higher American Association for the Surgery of @entity1 grade and associated pelvic free fluid. There were no deaths related to complications from failed nonoperative management. We conclude that nonoperative management of blunt @entity1 in @entity0 over 55 may be attempted. @entity0 with higher-grade injuries and pelvic free fluid are at greater risk for failure. @entity0 with these two findings must be monitored closely. The physicians caring for elderly @entity0 with high-grade @entity1 and free fluid in the pelvis must use clinical judgment regarding the need and timing of operative management.

title: Nonoperative management of blunt XXXX : factors influencing success in age >55 years.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 with @entity7 , defined by the presence of enlarged thyroid tissue below the plane of the thoracic inlet, were identified from a prospective database maintained for @entity0 who have undergone thyroidectomy at our institution since 1990. @entity7 was present in 116 (30%) of 381 @entity0 , anterior mediastinal in 109 (94%), and posterior mediastinal in seven (6%). Indications for surgery included compressive symptoms in 75 (65%) @entity0 , an abnormal fine-needle biopsy in 45 (39%), progressive @entity7 in 41 (35%), @entity8 in 11 (10%), and @entity10 in two (1.7%). A median sternotomy and thoracotomy were performed in one @entity0 each for a primary @entity12 . In all other @entity0 thyroidectomy was accomplished through a cervical incision. Parathyroid autotransplantation was performed in 41 (37%) @entity0 with @entity2 compared with 57 (22%) with disease confined to the neck (P < 0.01). Twenty-five @entity0 (22%) had @entity1 ; four of these had unresectable disease. @entity3 included transient @entity9 (n = 46), transient hoarseness (n = 7), recurrent @entity13 (n = 1), and wound @entity5 (n = 1). One @entity0 died from @entity6 . In summary, @entity7 is typically present in the anterior @entity11 and with rare exceptions can be resected through a cervical incision. Parathyroid devascularization is more common with resection of a @entity12 and autotransplantation can prevent permanent @entity4 .

title: The clinical presentation and operative management of nodular and diffuse XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity2 are degenerative conditions and may represent a failure to repair or remodel the extracellular matrix after repeated @entity1 . Since @entity6 is strongly associated with tissue repair, we investigated the expression of @entity6 isoforms ( @entity10 , @entity5 and @entity4 ) and their 2 signalling receptors ( @entity9 and @entity7 ) in normal and pathological Achilles tendons. In all tissues, all 3 @entity6 isoforms and the 2 receptors were present at sites of blood vessels. Cells in the matrix showed no staining for @entity6 or @entity4 , while @entity8 was associated with cells throughout the normal cadaver tendon. Tissue from tendons with pathological lesions showed an increase in cell numbers and percentage @entity8 expression. @entity7 showed a wide distribution in cells throughout the tissue sections. As with @entity8 , there was an increase in the number of cells expressing @entity7 in pathological tissue. @entity9 was restricted to blood vessels and was absent from the fibrillar matrix. We conclude that despite the presence and upregulation of @entity8 , @entity6 signalling is not propagated due to the lack of @entity9 . This might explain why chronic @entity0 fail to resolve and suggests that the addition of exogenous @entity6 will have little effect on chronic @entity3 .

title: Expression of transforming growth factor-beta isoforms and their receptors in chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The use of intermittent pneumatic compression boots to reduce the risk of @entity3 is contraindicated in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) due to a theoretical increase in venous return to the heart and exacerbation of @entity1 . This study evaluates intermittent pneumatic compression effects on pulmonary artery catheter parameters in @entity1 @entity0 . We conducted a prospective within- @entity0 study of @entity1 @entity0 monitored by pulmonary artery catheterization. Hemodynamic variables were assessed with and without the use of intermittent pneumatic compression boots. A sample size of 18 @entity0 was calculated a priori to obtain an 80 per cent power to detect a mean difference of 10 per cent. Twenty @entity0 were studied; no @entity0 suffered hemodynamic instability during the application of pneumatic compression; no statistically significant change in any hemodynamic parameters was noted. A trend toward decreasing mean arterial blood pressure (P = 0.057), pulmonary artery wedge pressure (P = 0.065), and systemic vascular resistance (P = 0.08) was observed. None were clinically significant. The application of intermittent pneumatic compression to the feet of @entity0 in @entity1 does not significantly alter central hemodynamic parameters in @entity1 @entity0 . This study suggests that intermittent pneumatic compression may be used in @entity1 @entity0 for venous @entity2 risk reduction.

title: Evaluation of pulmonary arterial catheter parameters utilizing intermittent pneumatic compression boots in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The effectiveness of activities to promote routine prophylaxis to prevent @entity2 is difficult to assess because information about the prevalence of prophylaxis is sparse. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) prophylaxis for @entity0 at risk in general medicine, general surgery, orthopaedics and gynaecology in Scotland and the North of England. DESIGN: Retrospective case note review of a random sample of episodes of care in a stratified random sample of directorates in Scotland and a convenience sample in England. SETTING: Twenty acute hospital directorates in Scotland and eight in the North of England. @entity0 : Case notes of @entity0 at risk of @entity1 and discharged from the selected directorates in a 12-month period (n = 742). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The proportion of @entity0 receiving prophylaxis in each directorate. RESULTS: Overall, 469/526 (89%) of @entity0 in Scotland and 199/216 (92%) in England received prophylaxis. The proportion varied from 71% in general medicine to 100% in orthopaedics. The frequency of use of different forms of prophylaxis varied between directorates. Approximately 60% of the @entity0 who received prophylaxis received more than one form. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylaxis for @entity3 is well established for procedures and conditions that are known to increase the risk of @entity1 and for which there are no contraindications. Additional efforts to promote prophylaxis for these conditions are unlikely to be cost effective. Further research is needed to establish whether rates are equally high in other conditions, and whether the high prophylaxis rates are due to clinical effectiveness initiatives.

title: The prevalence of prophylaxis for XXXX in acute hospital trusts.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We have constructed two retroviral vectors, one expressing @entity7 ( @entity7 ) alone (SF91MRP) and the other expressing @entity7 and @entity3 synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme of @entity2 biosynthesis ( @entity8 ). We have utilized the hybrid FMEV (Friend mink cell focus-forming/ @entity0 embryonic stem cell virus) backbone, previously shown to be efficient in early hematopoietic cells, even when coexpressing two distinct genes. In SF91GCS- @entity8 , the cDNAs were combined via an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) sequence from @entity6 , resulting in a bicistronic mRNA produced via the long terminal repeat (LTR). Producer @entity1 -eco clones were established by trans-infection with @entity5 virus glycoprotein (VSV-G)-pseudotyped retroviral supernatants. Drug-resistant producer clones were subsequently selected with antimony @entity4 , a nonmutagenic @entity7 substrate. By RNA slot-blot and transduction of 3T3 fibroblasts, titers of both SF91MRP and @entity8 were found to be greater than 10(6) viral particles/ml. The correct viral integration in the genome was established by Southern blotting. By flow cytometry, both @entity7 and bicistronic clones showed an increase in expression of the @entity7 protein. The bicistronic producer clones, as well as 3T3 cells transduced with @entity8 , presented an increase in intracellular @entity2 levels, compared with the parental counterparts. Producer cells, 3T3 fibroblasts transduced with either SF91MRP or @entity8 , and primary @entity0 myeloid progenitor cells transduced with @entity8 were resistant to @entity7 -effluxed drugs. However, only bicistronic producers, 3T3 fibroblasts transduced with @entity8 , and primary @entity0 myeloid progenitor cells transduced with @entity8 were also resistant to alkylating agents. We conclude that the retrovirus @entity8 has features that make it a suitable vector to induce bone marrow resistance to multiple classes of chemotherapeutic agents. The strategy of coexpressing gamma-GCS and @entity7 may help to design an effective in vivo selection for various clinical protocols of gene therapy.

title: Novel bicistronic retroviral vector expressing XXXX synthetase and the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) protects cells from @entity7 -effluxed drugs and alkylating agents.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We have constructed two retroviral vectors, one expressing @entity7 ( @entity7 ) alone (SF91MRP) and the other expressing @entity7 and @entity3 synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme of @entity2 biosynthesis ( @entity8 ). We have utilized the hybrid FMEV (Friend mink cell focus-forming/ @entity0 embryonic stem cell virus) backbone, previously shown to be efficient in early hematopoietic cells, even when coexpressing two distinct genes. In SF91GCS- @entity8 , the cDNAs were combined via an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) sequence from @entity6 , resulting in a bicistronic mRNA produced via the long terminal repeat (LTR). Producer @entity1 -eco clones were established by trans-infection with @entity5 virus glycoprotein (VSV-G)-pseudotyped retroviral supernatants. Drug-resistant producer clones were subsequently selected with antimony @entity4 , a nonmutagenic @entity7 substrate. By RNA slot-blot and transduction of 3T3 fibroblasts, titers of both SF91MRP and @entity8 were found to be greater than 10(6) viral particles/ml. The correct viral integration in the genome was established by Southern blotting. By flow cytometry, both @entity7 and bicistronic clones showed an increase in expression of the @entity7 protein. The bicistronic producer clones, as well as 3T3 cells transduced with @entity8 , presented an increase in intracellular @entity2 levels, compared with the parental counterparts. Producer cells, 3T3 fibroblasts transduced with either SF91MRP or @entity8 , and primary @entity0 myeloid progenitor cells transduced with @entity8 were resistant to @entity7 -effluxed drugs. However, only bicistronic producers, 3T3 fibroblasts transduced with @entity8 , and primary @entity0 myeloid progenitor cells transduced with @entity8 were also resistant to alkylating agents. We conclude that the retrovirus @entity8 has features that make it a suitable vector to induce bone marrow resistance to multiple classes of chemotherapeutic agents. The strategy of coexpressing gamma-GCS and @entity7 may help to design an effective in vivo selection for various clinical protocols of gene therapy.

title: Novel bicistronic retroviral vector expressing @entity3 synthetase and the XXXX ( @entity7 ) protects cells from @entity7 -effluxed drugs and alkylating agents.

answer: @entity7


abstract: We have constructed two retroviral vectors, one expressing @entity7 ( @entity7 ) alone (SF91MRP) and the other expressing @entity7 and @entity3 synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme of @entity2 biosynthesis ( @entity8 ). We have utilized the hybrid FMEV (Friend mink cell focus-forming/ @entity0 embryonic stem cell virus) backbone, previously shown to be efficient in early hematopoietic cells, even when coexpressing two distinct genes. In SF91GCS- @entity8 , the cDNAs were combined via an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) sequence from @entity6 , resulting in a bicistronic mRNA produced via the long terminal repeat (LTR). Producer @entity1 -eco clones were established by trans-infection with @entity5 virus glycoprotein (VSV-G)-pseudotyped retroviral supernatants. Drug-resistant producer clones were subsequently selected with antimony @entity4 , a nonmutagenic @entity7 substrate. By RNA slot-blot and transduction of 3T3 fibroblasts, titers of both SF91MRP and @entity8 were found to be greater than 10(6) viral particles/ml. The correct viral integration in the genome was established by Southern blotting. By flow cytometry, both @entity7 and bicistronic clones showed an increase in expression of the @entity7 protein. The bicistronic producer clones, as well as 3T3 cells transduced with @entity8 , presented an increase in intracellular @entity2 levels, compared with the parental counterparts. Producer cells, 3T3 fibroblasts transduced with either SF91MRP or @entity8 , and primary @entity0 myeloid progenitor cells transduced with @entity8 were resistant to @entity7 -effluxed drugs. However, only bicistronic producers, 3T3 fibroblasts transduced with @entity8 , and primary @entity0 myeloid progenitor cells transduced with @entity8 were also resistant to alkylating agents. We conclude that the retrovirus @entity8 has features that make it a suitable vector to induce bone marrow resistance to multiple classes of chemotherapeutic agents. The strategy of coexpressing gamma-GCS and @entity7 may help to design an effective in vivo selection for various clinical protocols of gene therapy.

title: Novel bicistronic retroviral vector expressing @entity3 synthetase and the @entity7 ( XXXX ) protects cells from @entity7 -effluxed drugs and alkylating agents.

answer: @entity7


abstract: We have constructed two retroviral vectors, one expressing @entity7 ( @entity7 ) alone (SF91MRP) and the other expressing @entity7 and @entity3 synthetase (gamma-GCS), the rate-limiting enzyme of @entity2 biosynthesis ( @entity8 ). We have utilized the hybrid FMEV (Friend mink cell focus-forming/ @entity0 embryonic stem cell virus) backbone, previously shown to be efficient in early hematopoietic cells, even when coexpressing two distinct genes. In SF91GCS- @entity8 , the cDNAs were combined via an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) sequence from @entity6 , resulting in a bicistronic mRNA produced via the long terminal repeat (LTR). Producer @entity1 -eco clones were established by trans-infection with @entity5 virus glycoprotein (VSV-G)-pseudotyped retroviral supernatants. Drug-resistant producer clones were subsequently selected with antimony @entity4 , a nonmutagenic @entity7 substrate. By RNA slot-blot and transduction of 3T3 fibroblasts, titers of both SF91MRP and @entity8 were found to be greater than 10(6) viral particles/ml. The correct viral integration in the genome was established by Southern blotting. By flow cytometry, both @entity7 and bicistronic clones showed an increase in expression of the @entity7 protein. The bicistronic producer clones, as well as 3T3 cells transduced with @entity8 , presented an increase in intracellular @entity2 levels, compared with the parental counterparts. Producer cells, 3T3 fibroblasts transduced with either SF91MRP or @entity8 , and primary @entity0 myeloid progenitor cells transduced with @entity8 were resistant to @entity7 -effluxed drugs. However, only bicistronic producers, 3T3 fibroblasts transduced with @entity8 , and primary @entity0 myeloid progenitor cells transduced with @entity8 were also resistant to alkylating agents. We conclude that the retrovirus @entity8 has features that make it a suitable vector to induce bone marrow resistance to multiple classes of chemotherapeutic agents. The strategy of coexpressing gamma-GCS and @entity7 may help to design an effective in vivo selection for various clinical protocols of gene therapy.

title: Novel bicistronic retroviral vector expressing @entity3 synthetase and the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) protects cells from XXXX -effluxed drugs and alkylating agents.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity0 with recurrent acute @entity7 should be treated with the same supportive and symptom-oriented measures as those with acute @entity7 . The need for specific treatment depends on the cause of the @entity7 . @entity0 should discontinue @entity3 use, putative causative medications, and exposure to toxins or helminths in endemic areas. @entity4 need to be corrected, and appropriate treatment should be initiated for associated infections, @entity8 , @entity9 , and @entity1 states. For @entity0 with @entity7 , @entity12 is indicated if @entity5 persists or if @entity6 is present. Elective cholecystectomy may be performed in appropriate @entity0 ; otherwise, consider biliary sphincterotomy and @entity11 for prevention of recurrent attacks. Transpapillary stenting or sphincterotomy of the minor papilla benefits some @entity0 with @entity7 and no other explanation for recurrent @entity7 . Surgical sphincteroplasty is reserved for those failing endoscopic treatment. Biliary sphincterotomy benefits more than 50% of @entity0 with @entity10 and recurrent acute @entity7 . Some authors advocate pancreatic sphincter manometry and sphincterotomy for persistent @entity2 in @entity0 who have recurrent @entity7 after biliary sphincterotomy. In @entity0 with @entity7 , transpapillary stent placement serves as a short-term measure; most @entity0 ultimately require surgery.

title: Recurrent Acute XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: Referral bias, in which the result of a diagnostic test affects the subsequent referral for a more definitive test, influences the accuracy of noninvasive tests for @entity2 . This study evaluates the effect of referral bias on the apparent accuracy of single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). METHODS: Over a 10-year period, 14,273 @entity0 without known @entity2 underwent stress SPECT. Coronary angiography was performed within 3 months after the stress test in 1853 @entity0 (13%). The apparent sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios of SPECT were determined in these @entity0 , and then adjusted for referral bias using two different formulas. RESULTS: The overwhelming majority (95%) of @entity0 who underwent angiography had abnormal SPECT images. Apparent values for test indices were a sensitivity of 98%, a specificity of 13%, a likelihood ratio for a positive test of 1.1, and a likelihood ratio for a negative test of 0.15. Test indices adjusted for referral bias (using the two methods) were a sensitivity of 65% or 67%, a specificity of 67% or 75%, a likelihood ratio for a positive test of 2.0 or 2.7, and a likelihood ratio for a negative test of 0.44 or 0.52. CONCLUSION: Referral bias has a marked effect on the apparent accuracy of stress SPECT for the diagnosis of @entity1 . Adjustment for referral bias yields estimates for sensitivity and specificity and likelihood ratios that better reflect the accuracy of the technique.

title: Effects of adjustment for referral bias on the sensitivity and specificity of single photon emission computed tomography for the diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study evaluates the influence of serum @entity3 on chemotherapy response rates among @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: From 3 separate @entity1 centers, a total of 318 @entity0 with @entity2 who received postoperative chemotherapy between June 1999 and October 2009 were retrospectively identified. Endometrioid, serous, clear cell, and @entity4 histologies were included. @entity0 were classified as having an @entity3 if their serum @entity3 was greater than 400 * 10/L at the time of initial diagnosis. Primary outcome was chemotherapy response, classified as either complete or partial/refractory. Secondary outcomes were disease-free and disease-specific survival.    Test and Student t test were performed as appropriate. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess serum platelet effect on survival. RESULTS: There were 125 deaths, 76 recurrences, and 48 disease progressions. Of the total group, 53 (16.7%) were categorized as having an @entity3 . An @entity3 was associated with a lower chemotherapy response rate in univariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 2.8; 95% 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46-5.38; P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed elevated platelets to be independently associated with decreased disease-free survival (HR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.26-3.98; P < 0.01) but not disease-specific survival (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.56-1.88, P = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity2 who have an elevated serum @entity3 greater than 400 * 10/L may have lower chemotherapy response rates and are at increased risk for recurrence when compared with @entity0 with a count within the reference range.

title: Chemotherapy Response Rates Among @entity0 With XXXX Who Have Elevated Serum Platelets.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study evaluates the influence of serum @entity3 on chemotherapy response rates among @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: From 3 separate @entity1 centers, a total of 318 @entity0 with @entity2 who received postoperative chemotherapy between June 1999 and October 2009 were retrospectively identified. Endometrioid, serous, clear cell, and @entity4 histologies were included. @entity0 were classified as having an @entity3 if their serum @entity3 was greater than 400 * 10/L at the time of initial diagnosis. Primary outcome was chemotherapy response, classified as either complete or partial/refractory. Secondary outcomes were disease-free and disease-specific survival.    Test and Student t test were performed as appropriate. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess serum platelet effect on survival. RESULTS: There were 125 deaths, 76 recurrences, and 48 disease progressions. Of the total group, 53 (16.7%) were categorized as having an @entity3 . An @entity3 was associated with a lower chemotherapy response rate in univariate analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 2.8; 95% 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.46-5.38; P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis showed elevated platelets to be independently associated with decreased disease-free survival (HR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.26-3.98; P < 0.01) but not disease-specific survival (HR, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.56-1.88, P = 0.93). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity2 who have an elevated serum @entity3 greater than 400 * 10/L may have lower chemotherapy response rates and are at increased risk for recurrence when compared with @entity0 with a count within the reference range.

title: Chemotherapy Response Rates Among XXXX With @entity2 Who Have Elevated Serum Platelets.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Stepped care approaches for mandated college students provide individual brief motivational interventions (BMI) only for individuals who do not respond to an initial, low-intensity level of treatment such as Brief Advice (BA). However, how BMIs facilitate change in this higher-risk group of mandated students remains unclear. Perceived descriptive norms and @entity1 -related expectancies are the most commonly examined mediators of BMI efficacy but have yet to be examined in the context of stepped care. @entity0 were mandated college students (N = 598) participating in a stepped care trial in which mandated students first received BA. Those who reported continued risky drinking 6 weeks following a BA session were randomized to either a single-session BMI (N = 163) or an @entity2 (AO; N = 165). BMI @entity0 reduced @entity1 -related problems at the 9 month follow up significantly more than AO @entity0 . Multiple mediation analyses using bootstrapping techniques examined whether perceived descriptive norms and @entity1 -related expectancies mediated the observed outcomes. Reductions in perceptions of average student drinking (B = -.24; 95% CI [-.61, -.04]) and negative expectancies (B = -.13; 95% CI [-.38, -.01]) mediated the BMI effects. Furthermore, perceived average student norms were reduced after the BMI to levels approximating those of students who had exhibited lower risk drinking following the BA session. Findings highlight the utility of addressing perceived norms and expectancies in BMIs, especially for students who have not responded to less intensive prevention efforts. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Descriptive norms and expectancies as mediators of a brief motivational intervention for mandated college students receiving stepped care for XXXX use.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) and @entity6 (TxA(2)) may take part in lung pathology; high concentrations of PGI(2) may protect newborn @entity2 against @entity4 , and TxA(2) may participate in the development of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). AIMS: To examine in small preterm @entity0 , the relationship between pulmonary PGI(2) and TxA(2) and @entity3 during the early postnatal period. METHODS: The stable metabolite of @entity8 , @entity10 , and that of @entity6 , @entity9 , were quantified by radioimmunoassays in 284 samples of tracheal aspirates from 48 @entity0 (GA: 27.4+/-2.1 week, BW 959+/-334 g) during the first 12 postnatal days. RESULTS: Mean concentration of @entity10 was 414+/-31 pg/ml (mean+/-S.E.M.), and of @entity9 was 418+/-37 pg/ml. Correlations existed between @entity10 and gestational age, birth weight, and the initial arterial-alveolar oxygenation ratio. Negative correlations existed between @entity10 and both mean inspiratory @entity1 and duration of mechanical ventilation. @entity7 treatment was associated with lower pulmonary @entity10 , but not with lower TxB(2). @entity9 correlated positively with gestational age, birth weight, and initial arterial-alveolar oxygenation ratio, and inversely with duration of mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: In preterm @entity0 , higher pulmonary @entity10 was associated with less severe @entity3 and with maturity, whereas @entity9 was associated more strongly with maturity than with @entity3 .

title: Pulmonary prostacyclin is associated with less severe XXXX in preterm @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) and @entity6 (TxA(2)) may take part in lung pathology; high concentrations of PGI(2) may protect newborn @entity2 against @entity4 , and TxA(2) may participate in the development of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). AIMS: To examine in small preterm @entity0 , the relationship between pulmonary PGI(2) and TxA(2) and @entity3 during the early postnatal period. METHODS: The stable metabolite of @entity8 , @entity10 , and that of @entity6 , @entity9 , were quantified by radioimmunoassays in 284 samples of tracheal aspirates from 48 @entity0 (GA: 27.4+/-2.1 week, BW 959+/-334 g) during the first 12 postnatal days. RESULTS: Mean concentration of @entity10 was 414+/-31 pg/ml (mean+/-S.E.M.), and of @entity9 was 418+/-37 pg/ml. Correlations existed between @entity10 and gestational age, birth weight, and the initial arterial-alveolar oxygenation ratio. Negative correlations existed between @entity10 and both mean inspiratory @entity1 and duration of mechanical ventilation. @entity7 treatment was associated with lower pulmonary @entity10 , but not with lower TxB(2). @entity9 correlated positively with gestational age, birth weight, and initial arterial-alveolar oxygenation ratio, and inversely with duration of mechanical ventilation. CONCLUSIONS: In preterm @entity0 , higher pulmonary @entity10 was associated with less severe @entity3 and with maturity, whereas @entity9 was associated more strongly with maturity than with @entity3 .

title: Pulmonary prostacyclin is associated with less severe @entity3 in preterm XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: inflammatory mediators such as @entity7 (PGs), @entity8 (LTs), and platelet-activating factor (PAF) have been identified in @entity0 @entity5 ( @entity5 ), as well as in the experimentally induced @entity5 of animals. However, the exact function of LTs in the middle ear cavity is still unknown. In this study, the role of LTs was investigated using an experimental model in which OME was induced by LTD4. METHODS: to examine whether leukotrienes (LTs) induce @entity6 media with effusion (OME), 2x10(-6), 2x10(-5), 1x10(-4) and 2x10(-4) M of LTD4 was injected into the @entity1 ear. The severity of OME was assessed based on the histological findings. The concentrations of @entity3 , @entity2 , and GRO/CINC-1 in @entity5 were also measured. Additionally the therapeutic efficacy of a specific LTs antagonist, @entity4 on experimental OME was investigated. RESULTS: all ears developed @entity5 ( @entity5 ) within 24 h and about 50% of the animals continued to demonstrate @entity5 for 14 days in the 1x10(-4) and 2x10(-4) M groups. The cytokine levels seemed to correspond well with the persistence of OME. The oral administration of a specific LTs antagonist, @entity4 , was found to alleviate the experimental OME. CONCLUSION: these findings suggest that LTs appear to plays an important role in the pathogenesis of OME.

title: Experimental XXXX media with effusion induced by leukotriene D4.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The French drug authorities audited first-time prescription of @entity4 growth factors using a prescription follow-up survey. Data collected between April 1995 and March 1996 were analyzed then criticized by three clinical experts working in three different areas where lenograstime is most widely used. METHODS: First-time prescription data and follow-up information were recorded on separate inclusion and follow-up diaries by the prescribing physicians. The delivering pharmacies complete the diaries and addressed them to the INSERM unit 330 for analysis. RESULTS: There were 7,102 inclusion diaries and 1376 follow-up diaries from 234 different hospital facilities. Lenograstime was most frequently prescribed in @entity1 with @entity3 (19%), @entity0 (16.4%), and @entity2 (13.8%). Prescriptions involved 377 different chemotherapy protocols, including 196 which concerned a single @entity1 . At the first prescription, lenograstime was given as a preventive measure in 61% of the cases and for curative therapy in 25.3%. The planned duration of preventive treatment was longer than the true period of treatment. DISCUSSION: Pr Rossi, hematologist, Pr Misset, cancerologist and Pr Lebeau, pneumologist criticized the findings.

title: [Prescription of a XXXX growth factor, lenograstim, in current practice. Results and commentaries of a national survey from April 1995 to March 1996].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: A well-established manifestation of @entity1 , @entity8 is infrequently associated with @entity6 . Only 18 cases have been reported in the literature. CASE REPORTS: A 65-year-old @entity0 and a 60-year-old @entity0 were seen for @entity8 . Minimal @entity2 was observed in the first @entity0 whose @entity8 was steroid resistant. The second @entity0 had @entity9 and @entity7 . In both cases, @entity8 revealed @entity6 . DISCUSSION: The histological lesions in 17 of the 18 biopsied cases reported in the literature were minimal change in 10, focal segmental @entity5 in 4, proliferative @entity5 in 2, and @entity9 in only one. The outcome of the @entity8 was dependent on the success of the @entity6 treatment. Some @entity0 responded to @entity3 and immunosuppressive agents. Pure @entity7 is uncommon and prognosis is poor. It can be successfully treated with @entity4 as in our second case.

title: [ @entity8 revealing XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: A well-established manifestation of @entity1 , @entity8 is infrequently associated with @entity6 . Only 18 cases have been reported in the literature. CASE REPORTS: A 65-year-old @entity0 and a 60-year-old @entity0 were seen for @entity8 . Minimal @entity2 was observed in the first @entity0 whose @entity8 was steroid resistant. The second @entity0 had @entity9 and @entity7 . In both cases, @entity8 revealed @entity6 . DISCUSSION: The histological lesions in 17 of the 18 biopsied cases reported in the literature were minimal change in 10, focal segmental @entity5 in 4, proliferative @entity5 in 2, and @entity9 in only one. The outcome of the @entity8 was dependent on the success of the @entity6 treatment. Some @entity0 responded to @entity3 and immunosuppressive agents. Pure @entity7 is uncommon and prognosis is poor. It can be successfully treated with @entity4 as in our second case.

title: [ XXXX revealing @entity1 ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: Strabismus affects as many as 60% to 70% of @entity0 with @entity3 . V-pattern strabismus is common and is thought to be secondary to severe oblique @entity1 . The complex motility disorders produced by abnormal extraocular muscles in this syndrome can be difficult to manage. Few studies have reported findings regarding the extraocular muscles or how to plan and adapt the required surgery for this condition. METHODS: The surgical management and outcomes of four @entity0 with @entity3 who had undergone craniofacial reconstruction surgery were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: All @entity0 showed significant improvement in the primary eye position, but had residual ocular motility dysfunction postoperatively, especially relating to the up gaze position. During surgery it was noted that the lateral rectus muscle or superior oblique tendons were @entity4 in one of the four @entity0 . In two of the @entity0 , there was an absence of both inferior rectus muscles. The extraocular muscles were examined pathologically and revealed evidence of tendon capsule and mild @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Strabismus in @entity3 is complex and the absence of certain extraocular muscles is unpredictable. It is not possible to perform strabismus surgery according to a defined surgical plan; one needs to adapt according to the @entity0 's individual anatomy. Also, the strabismus is difficult to completely correct. However, improving ocular motility in the most functional fields of gaze will benefit the quality of life for both @entity0 and their families. [J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2015;52(5):299-304.].

title: Surgical Treatment of V-pattern XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: G-protein-gated inward rectifying @entity2 channels (GIRKs) are a newly identified gene family. These gene products are thought to form functional channels through the assembly of heteromeric subunits. Recently, it has been demonstrated that a point mutation in the @entity3 gene, one of the GIRK family members, is the cause of the neurological and reproductive defects observed in the weaver (wv) mutant @entity0 . The mechanism(s) by which a single @entity1 substitution in @entity3 protein leads to the severe phenotypes in the wv / wv @entity0 is not fully understood. However, it implicates the importance of GIRK channels in neuronal development. To characterize the mRNA expression patterns of @entity4 -3 during @entity0 brain development we have used in situ hybridization analyses. We found that the expression of all three genes showed developmental regulation. In most areas that showed expression, the levels of @entity4 -3 transcripts reached their peak at around postnatal day 10 (P10). In general, @entity4 showed the least fluctuation in its levels of expression during development, while dynamic changes were found with the levels of @entity3 and @entity5 transcripts. @entity5 becomes the predominant inward rectifying K+-channel in the brain at later postnatal ages. In the CNS regions affected in the wv / wv @entity0 , @entity3 is the predominant inward rectifying channel that is expressed. This suggests that the presence of the other subtypes are able to compensate for the mutated @entity3 channel in weaver neurons that survive.

title: Developmental expression of the GIRK family of inward rectifying XXXX channels: implications for abnormalities in the weaver mutant @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: G-protein-gated inward rectifying @entity2 channels (GIRKs) are a newly identified gene family. These gene products are thought to form functional channels through the assembly of heteromeric subunits. Recently, it has been demonstrated that a point mutation in the @entity3 gene, one of the GIRK family members, is the cause of the neurological and reproductive defects observed in the weaver (wv) mutant @entity0 . The mechanism(s) by which a single @entity1 substitution in @entity3 protein leads to the severe phenotypes in the wv / wv @entity0 is not fully understood. However, it implicates the importance of GIRK channels in neuronal development. To characterize the mRNA expression patterns of @entity4 -3 during @entity0 brain development we have used in situ hybridization analyses. We found that the expression of all three genes showed developmental regulation. In most areas that showed expression, the levels of @entity4 -3 transcripts reached their peak at around postnatal day 10 (P10). In general, @entity4 showed the least fluctuation in its levels of expression during development, while dynamic changes were found with the levels of @entity3 and @entity5 transcripts. @entity5 becomes the predominant inward rectifying K+-channel in the brain at later postnatal ages. In the CNS regions affected in the wv / wv @entity0 , @entity3 is the predominant inward rectifying channel that is expressed. This suggests that the presence of the other subtypes are able to compensate for the mutated @entity3 channel in weaver neurons that survive.

title: Developmental expression of the GIRK family of inward rectifying @entity2 channels: implications for abnormalities in the weaver mutant XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The posterior femoral cutaneous nerve (PFCN) is a sensory nerve originating from the sacral plexus. @entity2 leads to @entity1 within the inferior gluteal region and the posterior aspect of the thigh. As electrophysiological assessment is challenging, diagnosis of @entity2 has been, thus far, primarily based on clinical findings, which can result in misdiagnosis. Therefore, alternative confirmatory assessments such as an imaging modality that could aid in the diagnosis of @entity2 would be desirable. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of visualization of the PFCN with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and to test this technique in our clinical routine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study consisted of two parts. In the first part, @entity3 -guided perineural ink injections along the course of the PFCN were performed at the posterior aspect of the thigh in 26 lower limbs of 14 fresh non-embalmed cadavers. Subsequent dissection confirmed correct identification of the nerve. In the second part, @entity0 with a suspected @entity2 were examined and a selective @entity3 -guided nerve block was performed to verify the suspected diagnosis. RESULTS: The PFCN was correctly identified with @entity3 in 96.2  % (25/26) of cadavers. Further, six @entity0 with a suspected lesion of the PFCN were examined, and the diagnosis was proven by successful @entity3 -guided block in all cases. CONCLUSION: We confirmed the reliable visualization of the PFCN using @entity3 . This offers a new technique for the assessment of the PFCN, which could also be demonstrated with the case series presented.

title: High-resolution ultrasound of the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve: visualization and initial experience with XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The expression of @entity3 in hematopoietic stem cells is a well-defined primary event in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Some reports have described the presence of @entity3 on endothelial cells from @entity2 @entity0 , suggesting the origin of the disease in a primitive hemangioblastic cell. On the other hand, extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by @entity1 are involved in the angiogenesis modulation process. In the current work we hypothesized that EVs released from @entity3 (+) cells may carry inside the oncogene that can be transferred to endothelial cells leading to the expression of both @entity3 transcript and the oncoprotein. EVs from K562 cells and plasma of newly diagnosed @entity2 @entity0 were isolated by ultracentrifugation. RT-PCR analysis detected the presence of @entity3 RNA in the EVs isolated from both K562 cells and plasma of @entity2 @entity0 . The incorporation of these EVs into endothelial cells was demonstrated by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy showed that after 24h of incubation most EVs were incorporated. @entity3 transcripts were detected in all experiments on endothelial cells incubated with EVs from both sources. The presence of @entity3 on endothelial cells incubated with Philadelphia(+) EVs was also confirmed by Western blot assays. In summary, endothelial cells acquire @entity3 RNA and the oncoprotein after incubation with EVs released from Ph(+) positive cells (either from K562 cells or from plasma of newly diagnosed @entity2 @entity0 ). This results challenge the hypothesis that endothelial cells may be part of the Philadelphia(+) clone in @entity2 .

title: Do endothelial cells belong to the primitive stem leukemic clone in XXXX ? Role of extracellular vesicles.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The role of adjuvant chemoradiation therapy (CT/XRT) in the treatment of @entity2 is controversial. We undertook this study to determine whether CT/XRT is appropriate after resection of @entity2 . One hundred ninety-two @entity0 with @entity2 were treated from 1988 to 1999. After resection, @entity0 were assigned a stage ( @entity4 ) and were stratified by location of the @entity1 as intrahepatic, perihilar, and @entity1 . Data are presented as mean +/- standard deviation. Of 192 @entity0 92 (48%) underwent resections of @entity2 . Thirty-four @entity0 had liver resections, 25 had bile duct resections, and 33 underwent pancreaticoduodenectomies. Thirty-four @entity0 had adjuvant CT/XRT, three had adjuvant chemotherapy, four had neoadjuvant CT/XRT, and 50 had no radiation or chemotherapy. Mean survival of resected @entity0 with adjuvant CT/XRT was 42 +/- 37.0 months and without CT/XRT it was 29 24.5 months (P = 0.07). Mean survival of @entity0 with @entity1 receiving or not receiving CT/XRT was 41 +/- 21.8 versus 25 +/- 20.1 months, respectively, (P = 0.04). @entity3 improves survival after resection for @entity2 (P = 0.07) particularly in @entity0 undergoing resection for @entity1 (P = 0.04). Benefits of adjuvant CT/XRT are apparent when stratified by location of @entity2 rather than staging.

title: Location, not staging, of XXXX determines the role for adjuvant chemoradiation therapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of the malignant potential of @entity1 , an aim of treatment is to cause the columnar epithelium to regress. A logical approach is to decrease acid reflux which is an important aetiological factor in @entity1 . Treatment with @entity2 20-80 mg over 1-3 years has yielded conflicting but largely disappointing results. AIM: To determine if treatment of @entity1 with @entity2 20 mg daily for up to 6 years can cause regression of the Barrett's epithelium. @entity0 AND METHODS: Forty-seven @entity0 with @entity1 were treated in an open prospective study. Nine @entity0 were treated for 2 years, 12 for 3 years, 10 for 4 years, eight for 5 years and eight for 6 years. @entity0 were endoscoped at 1-2-year intervals and endoscoped at the end of the treatment period. RESULTS: No significant shortening of the length of the Barrett's segment was seen during any treatment period, although @entity2 controlled reflux symptoms and was well tolerated. Macroscopic squamous islands appeared in 55% of @entity0 , mostly in the first 2-3 years although in five @entity0 they appeared later in treatment. CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity1 with @entity2 20 mg daily for periods of up to 6 years did not cause regression in the length of the Barrett's segment, but it did lead in over half of the @entity0 to partial re-epithelialization in the form of squamous islands.

title: Continuous treatment with @entity2 20 mg daily for up to 6 years in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of the malignant potential of @entity1 , an aim of treatment is to cause the columnar epithelium to regress. A logical approach is to decrease acid reflux which is an important aetiological factor in @entity1 . Treatment with @entity2 20-80 mg over 1-3 years has yielded conflicting but largely disappointing results. AIM: To determine if treatment of @entity1 with @entity2 20 mg daily for up to 6 years can cause regression of the Barrett's epithelium. @entity0 AND METHODS: Forty-seven @entity0 with @entity1 were treated in an open prospective study. Nine @entity0 were treated for 2 years, 12 for 3 years, 10 for 4 years, eight for 5 years and eight for 6 years. @entity0 were endoscoped at 1-2-year intervals and endoscoped at the end of the treatment period. RESULTS: No significant shortening of the length of the Barrett's segment was seen during any treatment period, although @entity2 controlled reflux symptoms and was well tolerated. Macroscopic squamous islands appeared in 55% of @entity0 , mostly in the first 2-3 years although in five @entity0 they appeared later in treatment. CONCLUSION: Treatment of @entity1 with @entity2 20 mg daily for periods of up to 6 years did not cause regression in the length of the Barrett's segment, but it did lead in over half of the @entity0 to partial re-epithelialization in the form of squamous islands.

title: Continuous treatment with XXXX 20 mg daily for up to 6 years in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) is characterized by an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response (ESIR). Several recent studies by our group and others have demonstrated up-regulation of @entity11 ( @entity11 ) in trophoblast, placenta and leukocytes in @entity9 but the exact role of @entity11 in the pathogenesis of @entity9 remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the expression levels of endogenous ligands of @entity11 in plasma and placentas from @entity0 with @entity9 vs normotensive pregnant @entity0 (NP), and to compare the inflammatory cytokine expression profiles of monocytes from @entity0 with @entity9 to NP, in order to identify which of these endogenous ligands of @entity11 may play a functional role in the pathogenesis of @entity9 for further study. METHODS: We recruited 16 @entity9 (gestational age=33.6  3.0weeks), 10 normal pregnant (gestational age=31.6  3.8weeks) and 10 non-pregnant @entity0 . Plasma levels of endogenous @entity11 ligands-heparan @entity3 , hyaluronan, fibronectin, @entity10 and @entity2 ( @entity2 )-were measured by ELISA. Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood, cultured and stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; @entity11 bacterial ligand) and endogenous @entity11 ligands, and inflammatory cytokines were measured in supernatant medium by cytometric array. Placental tissue from @entity9 and NP were investigated for the different endogenous ligands by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Plasma levels of @entity12 and fibronectin did not differ between study groups, but @entity2 was higher in @entity9 (P<0.05) whilst @entity10 was significantly lower in @entity9 compared to NP (P<0.05). Stimulation of @entity9 monocytes with LPS resulted in profound secretion of various cytokines: @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity1 and @entity6 , in comparison with NP. Moreover, exposure to @entity10 , but not to other endogenous @entity11 ligands, was also associated with significantly increased production of inflammatory cytokines in @entity9 compared to NP. Also, we observed altered distribution levels of studied endogenous ligands in the placenta from @entity9 vs NP. CONCLUSION: Our findings of increased inflammatory cytokine expression levels in @entity9 in response to LPS are consistent with upregulation of @entity11 in @entity9 . A similar response induced by @entity10 suggests an important role for this endogenous ligand of @entity11 in the pathogenesis of @entity9 . Whether our observation of decreased plasma levels of @entity10 in @entity9 is linked to this observation, or represents increased fibrinogenesis and fibrinolysis associated with the @entity7 seen in this condition, is unclear.

title: OS006. Functional expression of endogenous ligands of XXXX on monocytes and placentae from @entity0 during normal pregnancy andpre-eclampsia.

answer: @entity11


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) is characterized by an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response (ESIR). Several recent studies by our group and others have demonstrated up-regulation of @entity11 ( @entity11 ) in trophoblast, placenta and leukocytes in @entity9 but the exact role of @entity11 in the pathogenesis of @entity9 remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the expression levels of endogenous ligands of @entity11 in plasma and placentas from @entity0 with @entity9 vs normotensive pregnant @entity0 (NP), and to compare the inflammatory cytokine expression profiles of monocytes from @entity0 with @entity9 to NP, in order to identify which of these endogenous ligands of @entity11 may play a functional role in the pathogenesis of @entity9 for further study. METHODS: We recruited 16 @entity9 (gestational age=33.6  3.0weeks), 10 normal pregnant (gestational age=31.6  3.8weeks) and 10 non-pregnant @entity0 . Plasma levels of endogenous @entity11 ligands-heparan @entity3 , hyaluronan, fibronectin, @entity10 and @entity2 ( @entity2 )-were measured by ELISA. Monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood, cultured and stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; @entity11 bacterial ligand) and endogenous @entity11 ligands, and inflammatory cytokines were measured in supernatant medium by cytometric array. Placental tissue from @entity9 and NP were investigated for the different endogenous ligands by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Plasma levels of @entity12 and fibronectin did not differ between study groups, but @entity2 was higher in @entity9 (P<0.05) whilst @entity10 was significantly lower in @entity9 compared to NP (P<0.05). Stimulation of @entity9 monocytes with LPS resulted in profound secretion of various cytokines: @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity1 and @entity6 , in comparison with NP. Moreover, exposure to @entity10 , but not to other endogenous @entity11 ligands, was also associated with significantly increased production of inflammatory cytokines in @entity9 compared to NP. Also, we observed altered distribution levels of studied endogenous ligands in the placenta from @entity9 vs NP. CONCLUSION: Our findings of increased inflammatory cytokine expression levels in @entity9 in response to LPS are consistent with upregulation of @entity11 in @entity9 . A similar response induced by @entity10 suggests an important role for this endogenous ligand of @entity11 in the pathogenesis of @entity9 . Whether our observation of decreased plasma levels of @entity10 in @entity9 is linked to this observation, or represents increased fibrinogenesis and fibrinolysis associated with the @entity7 seen in this condition, is unclear.

title: OS006. Functional expression of endogenous ligands of @entity11 on monocytes and placentae from XXXX during normal pregnancy andpre-eclampsia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the polymorphism of apolipo-protein E was associated with the development of @entity6 and could influence the severity of @entity3 evaluated by the @entity0 -Pugh score. METHOD: We investigated 75 alcoholic @entity0 with a histological diagnosis of @entity1 , with negative @entity2 , @entity5 serology and a control group of 54 subjects. Polymorphism of @entity4 was performed using PCR. RESULTS: There was no difference for the allele frequency and the genotype in the cirrhotic group and the control group. Cirrhotic @entity0 with allele epsilon 2 had higher concentration of albumin (P = 0.01) and a higher level of apolipoprotein AII (P < 0.05) than those with allele epsilon 3. They also had a higher concentration of apolipoprotein AI than cirrhotic @entity0 with allele epsilon 3 and epsilon 4 (P = 0.01). There was a statistical difference between the three genotype groups for prothrombin time (P = 0.01). There was no statistical difference between the three genotype groups for @entity0 -Pugh score. CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphism of @entity4 was not associated with the development of @entity6 . However @entity0 with allele epsilon 2 had better hepatocellular function.

title: [Influence of XXXX polymorphism in @entity6 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the polymorphism of apolipo-protein E was associated with the development of @entity6 and could influence the severity of @entity3 evaluated by the @entity0 -Pugh score. METHOD: We investigated 75 alcoholic @entity0 with a histological diagnosis of @entity1 , with negative @entity2 , @entity5 serology and a control group of 54 subjects. Polymorphism of @entity4 was performed using PCR. RESULTS: There was no difference for the allele frequency and the genotype in the cirrhotic group and the control group. Cirrhotic @entity0 with allele epsilon 2 had higher concentration of albumin (P = 0.01) and a higher level of apolipoprotein AII (P < 0.05) than those with allele epsilon 3. They also had a higher concentration of apolipoprotein AI than cirrhotic @entity0 with allele epsilon 3 and epsilon 4 (P = 0.01). There was a statistical difference between the three genotype groups for prothrombin time (P = 0.01). There was no statistical difference between the three genotype groups for @entity0 -Pugh score. CONCLUSIONS: Polymorphism of @entity4 was not associated with the development of @entity6 . However @entity0 with allele epsilon 2 had better hepatocellular function.

title: [Influence of @entity4 polymorphism in XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 and radiotherapy are a potent combination. A clinical assessment of the therapeutic ratio for locally advanced @entity7 @entity0 has not yet been reported. AIM OF STUDY: To assess the @entity4 , survival, and pattern of failure of locally advanced @entity7 @entity0 treated with concurrent @entity3 -based chemoradiation. @entity0 and Methods. Between the dates of December 1996 and August 2000 51 @entity0 with locally advanced unresectable @entity6 were treated with concurrent @entity3 and radiotherapy at MDACC. @entity0 received 250-500 mg/m2 of @entity3 weekly x7 over 30 min and 30-33 Gy in 10-11 fractions over two weeks to the @entity2 and regional lymphatics. Severe @entity4 was defined as admission > 5 d, mucosal ulceration, > 3 dose deletions of @entity3 or @entity4 resulting in surgical intervention or that resulted in @entity5 . RESULTS: The median survival was 11 mo. Overall, 37 of 51 @entity0 had objective evidence of local progression. The actuarial rate of local progression rate at 9 mo was 70%. The 9-mo distant @entity1 rate was 52%. @entity2 > or = 10 cm2 had worse local control, distant control, and overall survival. Six @entity0 underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy after therapy. After review of the imaging, only four of these @entity0 had minimal arterial involvement, one was incorrectly staged, and one had initial inflammatory change on CT that resolved. Twelve of 51 (24%) @entity0 suffered severe acute @entity4 , and 17 of 51 (33%) @entity0 were admitted for supportive care. CONCLUSION: Concurrent @entity3 and radiotherapy can be a very difficult combination to administer safely. Our results do not suggest a prolongation of median survival for @entity0 with localized @entity7 treated with this therapy. It is possible that @entity3 -based chemoradiation contributes to the margin-negative resectability of a small number of @entity0 with minimal arterial involvement, but this benefit is obscured by the frequent @entity4 encountered in most @entity0 . Locally advanced @entity7 @entity0 should continue to be enrolled on prospective studies investigating novel combinations of cytotoxic and/or biologic agents with concurrent radiotherapy.

title: @entity4 and efficacy of concurrent @entity3 and radiotherapy for locally advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 and radiotherapy are a potent combination. A clinical assessment of the therapeutic ratio for locally advanced @entity7 @entity0 has not yet been reported. AIM OF STUDY: To assess the @entity4 , survival, and pattern of failure of locally advanced @entity7 @entity0 treated with concurrent @entity3 -based chemoradiation. @entity0 and Methods. Between the dates of December 1996 and August 2000 51 @entity0 with locally advanced unresectable @entity6 were treated with concurrent @entity3 and radiotherapy at MDACC. @entity0 received 250-500 mg/m2 of @entity3 weekly x7 over 30 min and 30-33 Gy in 10-11 fractions over two weeks to the @entity2 and regional lymphatics. Severe @entity4 was defined as admission > 5 d, mucosal ulceration, > 3 dose deletions of @entity3 or @entity4 resulting in surgical intervention or that resulted in @entity5 . RESULTS: The median survival was 11 mo. Overall, 37 of 51 @entity0 had objective evidence of local progression. The actuarial rate of local progression rate at 9 mo was 70%. The 9-mo distant @entity1 rate was 52%. @entity2 > or = 10 cm2 had worse local control, distant control, and overall survival. Six @entity0 underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy after therapy. After review of the imaging, only four of these @entity0 had minimal arterial involvement, one was incorrectly staged, and one had initial inflammatory change on CT that resolved. Twelve of 51 (24%) @entity0 suffered severe acute @entity4 , and 17 of 51 (33%) @entity0 were admitted for supportive care. CONCLUSION: Concurrent @entity3 and radiotherapy can be a very difficult combination to administer safely. Our results do not suggest a prolongation of median survival for @entity0 with localized @entity7 treated with this therapy. It is possible that @entity3 -based chemoradiation contributes to the margin-negative resectability of a small number of @entity0 with minimal arterial involvement, but this benefit is obscured by the frequent @entity4 encountered in most @entity0 . Locally advanced @entity7 @entity0 should continue to be enrolled on prospective studies investigating novel combinations of cytotoxic and/or biologic agents with concurrent radiotherapy.

title: XXXX and efficacy of concurrent @entity3 and radiotherapy for locally advanced @entity7 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 and radiotherapy are a potent combination. A clinical assessment of the therapeutic ratio for locally advanced @entity7 @entity0 has not yet been reported. AIM OF STUDY: To assess the @entity4 , survival, and pattern of failure of locally advanced @entity7 @entity0 treated with concurrent @entity3 -based chemoradiation. @entity0 and Methods. Between the dates of December 1996 and August 2000 51 @entity0 with locally advanced unresectable @entity6 were treated with concurrent @entity3 and radiotherapy at MDACC. @entity0 received 250-500 mg/m2 of @entity3 weekly x7 over 30 min and 30-33 Gy in 10-11 fractions over two weeks to the @entity2 and regional lymphatics. Severe @entity4 was defined as admission > 5 d, mucosal ulceration, > 3 dose deletions of @entity3 or @entity4 resulting in surgical intervention or that resulted in @entity5 . RESULTS: The median survival was 11 mo. Overall, 37 of 51 @entity0 had objective evidence of local progression. The actuarial rate of local progression rate at 9 mo was 70%. The 9-mo distant @entity1 rate was 52%. @entity2 > or = 10 cm2 had worse local control, distant control, and overall survival. Six @entity0 underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy after therapy. After review of the imaging, only four of these @entity0 had minimal arterial involvement, one was incorrectly staged, and one had initial inflammatory change on CT that resolved. Twelve of 51 (24%) @entity0 suffered severe acute @entity4 , and 17 of 51 (33%) @entity0 were admitted for supportive care. CONCLUSION: Concurrent @entity3 and radiotherapy can be a very difficult combination to administer safely. Our results do not suggest a prolongation of median survival for @entity0 with localized @entity7 treated with this therapy. It is possible that @entity3 -based chemoradiation contributes to the margin-negative resectability of a small number of @entity0 with minimal arterial involvement, but this benefit is obscured by the frequent @entity4 encountered in most @entity0 . Locally advanced @entity7 @entity0 should continue to be enrolled on prospective studies investigating novel combinations of cytotoxic and/or biologic agents with concurrent radiotherapy.

title: @entity4 and efficacy of concurrent XXXX and radiotherapy for locally advanced @entity7 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 is uncommon in @entity2 but the risk of developing such a @entity1 is increased. @entity6 plastica of the small bowel or colon is very rare. We report a case of @entity6 which occurred 21 years after an ileocecal resection for @entity2 . @entity4 in relation with stricture of the preanastomotic loop prompted us to suspect disease recurrence. The @entity1 was not diagnosed either on preoperative work-up, or during surgery but only on the histological examination of the resected specimen. Palliative chemotherapy with 5 FU and @entity5 was performed. The @entity0 was asymptomatic after a 17-month follow-up. This observation focuses on the clinical signs and @entity6 . It also illustrates the difficulty of @entity1 diagnosis in @entity2 . Malignant transformation must be suspected if signs of @entity3 re-occur after a lengthy quiescent period.

title: [Ileocolic linitis in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the treatment of @entity3 in @entity1 by @entity10 implants. DESIGN: Fourteen @entity0 with laparoscopically confirmed @entity4 were included in the study. All presented with severe @entity7 with or without deep @entity5 and @entity8 . @entity10 6.6 mg. Implants were injected subcutaneously in the lateral region of the anterior abdominal wall, 3 doses every 8 weeks in group 1 (n=7) and 2 doses every 12 weeks in group 2 (n=7). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) before initiation of treatment and 1 year after. Symptoms, pelvic examination, ultrasonogram and serum @entity2 were recorded every 4 weeks until two regular menses were established. RESULTS: All the painful symptoms were relieved and eventually disappeared in every @entity0 within 4-6 weeks. Mean duration of @entity9 in group 1 (408.4+/-47.7 days) was significantly longer than group 2 (331.3+/-22.4 days), p < 0.01. Mean duration of first observed side effects was 2.7+/-1.6 weeks. Hot flushes were the most common side effects. Serum @entity2 levels were below 15 pg/ml in all @entity0 and there were no significant differences between the two groups during @entity9 . There was significant @entity6 in both groups, 6.49+/-4.90 per cent in group 1 and 7.71+/-5.67 per cent in group 2. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups for lumbar BMD before and after treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity10 implants are effective in the treatment of @entity3 in @entity1 . These implants should have an important clinical application when chronic treatment is indicated. Further study is needed to design how this preparation should be used to minimize the adverse effects.

title: @entity10 implants in the treatment of @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the treatment of @entity3 in @entity1 by @entity10 implants. DESIGN: Fourteen @entity0 with laparoscopically confirmed @entity4 were included in the study. All presented with severe @entity7 with or without deep @entity5 and @entity8 . @entity10 6.6 mg. Implants were injected subcutaneously in the lateral region of the anterior abdominal wall, 3 doses every 8 weeks in group 1 (n=7) and 2 doses every 12 weeks in group 2 (n=7). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) before initiation of treatment and 1 year after. Symptoms, pelvic examination, ultrasonogram and serum @entity2 were recorded every 4 weeks until two regular menses were established. RESULTS: All the painful symptoms were relieved and eventually disappeared in every @entity0 within 4-6 weeks. Mean duration of @entity9 in group 1 (408.4+/-47.7 days) was significantly longer than group 2 (331.3+/-22.4 days), p < 0.01. Mean duration of first observed side effects was 2.7+/-1.6 weeks. Hot flushes were the most common side effects. Serum @entity2 levels were below 15 pg/ml in all @entity0 and there were no significant differences between the two groups during @entity9 . There was significant @entity6 in both groups, 6.49+/-4.90 per cent in group 1 and 7.71+/-5.67 per cent in group 2. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups for lumbar BMD before and after treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity10 implants are effective in the treatment of @entity3 in @entity1 . These implants should have an important clinical application when chronic treatment is indicated. Further study is needed to design how this preparation should be used to minimize the adverse effects.

title: @entity10 implants in the treatment of XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the treatment of @entity3 in @entity1 by @entity10 implants. DESIGN: Fourteen @entity0 with laparoscopically confirmed @entity4 were included in the study. All presented with severe @entity7 with or without deep @entity5 and @entity8 . @entity10 6.6 mg. Implants were injected subcutaneously in the lateral region of the anterior abdominal wall, 3 doses every 8 weeks in group 1 (n=7) and 2 doses every 12 weeks in group 2 (n=7). Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) before initiation of treatment and 1 year after. Symptoms, pelvic examination, ultrasonogram and serum @entity2 were recorded every 4 weeks until two regular menses were established. RESULTS: All the painful symptoms were relieved and eventually disappeared in every @entity0 within 4-6 weeks. Mean duration of @entity9 in group 1 (408.4+/-47.7 days) was significantly longer than group 2 (331.3+/-22.4 days), p < 0.01. Mean duration of first observed side effects was 2.7+/-1.6 weeks. Hot flushes were the most common side effects. Serum @entity2 levels were below 15 pg/ml in all @entity0 and there were no significant differences between the two groups during @entity9 . There was significant @entity6 in both groups, 6.49+/-4.90 per cent in group 1 and 7.71+/-5.67 per cent in group 2. However, there were no significant differences between the two groups for lumbar BMD before and after treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity10 implants are effective in the treatment of @entity3 in @entity1 . These implants should have an important clinical application when chronic treatment is indicated. Further study is needed to design how this preparation should be used to minimize the adverse effects.

title: XXXX implants in the treatment of @entity3 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: The present study assesses the effectiveness of oral @entity1 on the intestinal mucosal immune response in aging @entity0 . Young adult (6 months) and aging (21 months) female @entity0 received powdered @entity0 chow with or without 0.2% @entity1 for 23 days. The animals were immunized intraduodenally with either @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or vehicle alone and boosted two weeks later. Seven days after boosting, serum, bile, small intestinal tissue, and liver were collected for analysis. Anti- @entity2 IgA antibody titers were measured in serum and bile and the concentration of anti- @entity2 antibody containing cells (ACCs) in the small intestinal lamina propria and liver were determined by quantitative immunohistochemistry. Intergroup comparisons indicated that there was only one significant difference in serum and none in bile anti- @entity2 IgA titers between @entity2 -immunized animals fed @entity1 or the diet alone. Immunohistochemical analysis determined that the density and distribution patterns of ACCs within the lamina propria were unaffected by @entity1 . Both @entity1 -treated and control young immunized animals exhibited similar numbers of ACCs. Only 40% of the aging @entity0 responded to intraduodenal immunization with @entity2 , as determined by the presence of ACCs in the intestine, regardless of the presence or absence of @entity1 in the diet. These data suggest that @entity1 in the diet does not enhance the intestinal mucosal immune response to intraduodenal @entity2 in either young adult or aging @entity0 .

title: Effect of XXXX ( @entity1 ) on intestinal mucosal immunity in young adult and aging @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The present study assesses the effectiveness of oral @entity1 on the intestinal mucosal immune response in aging @entity0 . Young adult (6 months) and aging (21 months) female @entity0 received powdered @entity0 chow with or without 0.2% @entity1 for 23 days. The animals were immunized intraduodenally with either @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or vehicle alone and boosted two weeks later. Seven days after boosting, serum, bile, small intestinal tissue, and liver were collected for analysis. Anti- @entity2 IgA antibody titers were measured in serum and bile and the concentration of anti- @entity2 antibody containing cells (ACCs) in the small intestinal lamina propria and liver were determined by quantitative immunohistochemistry. Intergroup comparisons indicated that there was only one significant difference in serum and none in bile anti- @entity2 IgA titers between @entity2 -immunized animals fed @entity1 or the diet alone. Immunohistochemical analysis determined that the density and distribution patterns of ACCs within the lamina propria were unaffected by @entity1 . Both @entity1 -treated and control young immunized animals exhibited similar numbers of ACCs. Only 40% of the aging @entity0 responded to intraduodenal immunization with @entity2 , as determined by the presence of ACCs in the intestine, regardless of the presence or absence of @entity1 in the diet. These data suggest that @entity1 in the diet does not enhance the intestinal mucosal immune response to intraduodenal @entity2 in either young adult or aging @entity0 .

title: Effect of @entity1 ( XXXX ) on intestinal mucosal immunity in young adult and aging @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The present study assesses the effectiveness of oral @entity1 on the intestinal mucosal immune response in aging @entity0 . Young adult (6 months) and aging (21 months) female @entity0 received powdered @entity0 chow with or without 0.2% @entity1 for 23 days. The animals were immunized intraduodenally with either @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or vehicle alone and boosted two weeks later. Seven days after boosting, serum, bile, small intestinal tissue, and liver were collected for analysis. Anti- @entity2 IgA antibody titers were measured in serum and bile and the concentration of anti- @entity2 antibody containing cells (ACCs) in the small intestinal lamina propria and liver were determined by quantitative immunohistochemistry. Intergroup comparisons indicated that there was only one significant difference in serum and none in bile anti- @entity2 IgA titers between @entity2 -immunized animals fed @entity1 or the diet alone. Immunohistochemical analysis determined that the density and distribution patterns of ACCs within the lamina propria were unaffected by @entity1 . Both @entity1 -treated and control young immunized animals exhibited similar numbers of ACCs. Only 40% of the aging @entity0 responded to intraduodenal immunization with @entity2 , as determined by the presence of ACCs in the intestine, regardless of the presence or absence of @entity1 in the diet. These data suggest that @entity1 in the diet does not enhance the intestinal mucosal immune response to intraduodenal @entity2 in either young adult or aging @entity0 .

title: Effect of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on intestinal mucosal immunity in young adult and aging XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Home hospital is advocated in many western countries in spite of limited evidence of its economic advantage over usual hospital care. @entity3 and @entity2 are two medical conditions which are frequently targeted by home hospital programs. While recent trials were devoted to comparisons of safety and costs, the acceptance of home hospital for @entity0 with these conditions remains poorly described. OBJECTIVE: To document the medical eligibility and final transfer decision to home hospital for @entity0 hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of @entity3 or @entity2 . DESIGN: Longitudinal study of @entity0 admitted to the medical ward of acute care hospitals, up to the final decision concerning their transfer. SETTING: Medical departments of one university hospital and two regional teaching Swiss hospitals. @entity0 : All @entity0 admitted over a 9 month period to the three settings with a primary diagnosis of @entity3 (n= 301) or @entity1 (n=441). MEASUREMENTS: Presence of permanent exclusion criteria on admission; final decision of (in)eligibility based on medical criteria; final decision regarding the transfer, taking into account the opinions of the family physician, the @entity0 and informal caregivers. RESULTS: While 27.9% of @entity3 and 37.6% of @entity1 @entity0 were considered to be eligible from a medical point of view, the program acceptance by family physicians, @entity0 and informal caregivers was low and a transfer to home hospital was ultimately chosen for just 3.8% of @entity3 and 9.6% of @entity1 @entity0 . There were no major differences between the three settings. CONCLUSIONS: In the case of these two conditions, the potential economic advantage of home hospital over usual inpatient care is compromised by the low proportion of @entity0 ultimately transferred.

title: XXXX and @entity2 : cases for home hospital?

answer: @entity3