abstract: Using the Leksell stereotactic system, we selectively performed 91 biopsies for surgically inaccessible @entity4 . There were 25 multiple (27.5%), 15 diffuse (16.5%), and 51 (56.0%) @entity4 . However, we avoided subjecting the @entity0 with lesions adjacent to major vascular trunks or complex vascular structures such as the cavernous sinus, peri-insular regions and the pineal regions to stereotactic biopsy. The diagnosis was histologically confirmed in 84 cases (92.3%). Sixty-nine (75.8%) lesions were @entity1 ; 44 (48.4%) were @entity2 , 18 (19.8%) @entity7 , and five (5.5%) low-grade @entity2 . Thirteen (14.3%) cases had previously undergone radiation and/or chemotherapy for @entity8 , seven had recurrent @entity2 (five with malignant transformation) and six manifested radiation @entity3 . None of the @entity0 died due to the stereotactic procedure; one (1.1%) exhibited morbidity due to complicated @entity6 . We found asymptomatic @entity6 occurred in nine (9.9%) @entity0 ; the rate of @entity6 was significantly higher in @entity0 with preoperative angiographic evidence of @entity1 stain. Two @entity0 (2.2%) suffered @entity5 , in one case @entity5 was induced by electric stimulation test at the target site. All five @entity0 younger than 15 years underwent the procedure without complications. The Leksell stereotactic system is useful for diagnostic tissue sampling and contributes effectively to the selection of appropriate therapy in @entity0 with malignant @entity8 . While it carries a low morbidity rate without mortality in our series, care must be taken for selected target sites in highly vascularized lesions exhibiting positive @entity1 stains.

title: Stereotactic biopsy for multifocal, diffuse, and deep-seated XXXX using Leksell's system.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Confusion between look-alike and sound-alike (LASA) medication names (such as @entity4 and @entity2 ) accounts for up to one in four medication errors, threatening @entity0 safety. Error reduction strategies include computerized physician order entry interventions, and 'Tall @entity0 ' lettering. The purpose of this study is to explore the medication name designation process, to elucidate properties that may prime the risk of @entity1 . METHODS AND FINDINGS: We analysed the formal and semantic properties of 7,987 International Non-proprietary Names (INNs), in relation to naming guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) INN programme, and have identified potential for errors. We explored: their linguistic properties, the underlying taxonomy of stems to indicate pharmacological interrelationships, and similarities between INNs. We used Microsoft Excel for analysis, including calculation of Levenshtein edit distance (LED). Compliance with WHO naming guidelines was inconsistent. Since the 1970s there has been a trend towards compliance in formal properties, such as @entity3 , but longer names published in the 1950s and 1960s are still in use. The stems used to show pharmacological interrelationships are not spelled consistently and the guidelines do not impose an unequivocal order on them, making the meanings of INNs difficult to understand. Pairs of INNs sharing a stem (appropriately or not) often have high levels of similarity (<5 LED), and thus have greater potential for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We have revealed a tension between WHO guidelines stipulating use of stems to denote meaning, and the aim of reducing similarities in nomenclature. To mitigate this tension and reduce the risk of @entity1 , the stem system should be made clear and well ordered, so as to avoid compounding the risk of @entity1 at the clinical level. The interplay between the different WHO INN naming principles should be further examined, to better understand their implications for the problem of LASA errors.

title: XXXX Safety in Medication Nomenclature: Orthographic and Semantic Properties of International Nonproprietary Names.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The high degree of @entity1 heterogeneity has meant that it is important to develop sensitive and selective assays to detect low-abundance @entity4 mutations in metastatic @entity2 (mCRC) @entity0 . As a major potential source of @entity1 DNA in the aforementioned genotyping assays, it was necessary to conduct an analysis on both the quality and quantity of DNA extracted from @entity3 -fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE). Therefore, four commercial FFPE DNA extraction kits were initially compared with respect to their ability to facilitate extraction of amplifiable DNA. The results showed that TrimGen kits showed the greatest performance in relation to the quality and quantity of extracted FFPE DNA solutions. Using DNA extracted by TrimGen kits as a template for @entity1 genotyping, a real-time wild-type blocking PCR (WTB-PCR) assay was subsequently developed to detect the aforementioned @entity4 mutations in mCRC @entity0 . The results showed that WTB-PCR facilitated the detection of mutated alleles at a ratio of 1:10,000 (i.e. 0.01%) wild-type alleles. When the assay was subsequently used to test 49 mCRC @entity0 , the results showed that the mutation detection levels of the WTB-PCR assay (61.8%; 30/49) were significantly higher than that of traditional PCR (38.8%; 19/49). Following the use of the real-time WTB-PCR assay, the   Cq method was used to quantitatively analyze the mutation levels associated with @entity4 in each FFPE sample. The results showed that the mutant levels ranged from 53.74 to 0.12% in the @entity0 analyzed. In conclusion, the current real-time WTB-PCR is a rapid, simple, and low-cost method that permits the detection of trace amounts of the mutated @entity4 gene.

title: Single-Tubed Wild-Type Blocking Quantitative PCR Detection Assay for the Sensitive Detection of Codon 12 and 13 XXXX Mutations.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Although perforation of the colon is known as one of the main complications of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) for @entity2 management, factors predictive of perforation have not been fully evaluated. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with perforation during colorectal @entity5 . METHODS: @entity0 with @entity2 undergoing @entity5 were enrolled and their records were reviewed retrospectively. Age, sex, co-morbidity, medication history, procedure time, resection method, @entity1 size, location, gross morphology, the presence of @entity3 , and histologic findings were included as possible risk factors. In the cases where perforation had occurred, factors associated with the duration of hospitalization were analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred eight lesions in 108 @entity0 were eligible for inclusion in the study (68 @entity0 were male; mean @entity0 age was 63.01        10.71 years). Mean @entity1 size was 27.59        10.10   mm (range: 8-53   mm). Laterally spreading @entity1 was the most common type (75%), followed by the protruding type (25%). Procedure time was 61.95        41.90 minutes (range: 5-198 minutes). Complete en bloc resection was achieved for 85 lesions (78.7%). Perforation occurred in 22 @entity0 (20.4%). Multivariate analysis confirmed that @entity1 size [odds ratio (OR): 1.084; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.015-1.158; P   =   0.017] and the presence of @entity3 (OR: 4.551; 95%CI: 1.092-18.960; P   =   0.037) were independent risk factors for perforation. All cases of perforation were managed with nonsurgical treatment. Younger age and @entity4 appeared to be related to prolonged hospitalization. CONCLUSION: @entity1 size and @entity3 are important factors related to complications during colorectal @entity5 . Younger age and development of @entity4 can predict the hospital course in @entity0 with perforation after @entity5 .

title: Factors predictive of perforation during XXXX for the treatment of @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Although perforation of the colon is known as one of the main complications of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) for @entity2 management, factors predictive of perforation have not been fully evaluated. This study aimed to determine the factors associated with perforation during colorectal @entity5 . METHODS: @entity0 with @entity2 undergoing @entity5 were enrolled and their records were reviewed retrospectively. Age, sex, co-morbidity, medication history, procedure time, resection method, @entity1 size, location, gross morphology, the presence of @entity3 , and histologic findings were included as possible risk factors. In the cases where perforation had occurred, factors associated with the duration of hospitalization were analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred eight lesions in 108 @entity0 were eligible for inclusion in the study (68 @entity0 were male; mean @entity0 age was 63.01        10.71 years). Mean @entity1 size was 27.59        10.10   mm (range: 8-53   mm). Laterally spreading @entity1 was the most common type (75%), followed by the protruding type (25%). Procedure time was 61.95        41.90 minutes (range: 5-198 minutes). Complete en bloc resection was achieved for 85 lesions (78.7%). Perforation occurred in 22 @entity0 (20.4%). Multivariate analysis confirmed that @entity1 size [odds ratio (OR): 1.084; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.015-1.158; P   =   0.017] and the presence of @entity3 (OR: 4.551; 95%CI: 1.092-18.960; P   =   0.037) were independent risk factors for perforation. All cases of perforation were managed with nonsurgical treatment. Younger age and @entity4 appeared to be related to prolonged hospitalization. CONCLUSION: @entity1 size and @entity3 are important factors related to complications during colorectal @entity5 . Younger age and development of @entity4 can predict the hospital course in @entity0 with perforation after @entity5 .

title: Factors predictive of perforation during @entity5 for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a common @entity3 , its cardiovascular consequences are still disputed. A positive link between @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity2 has not yet been definitively proved, even though many case reports and small scale studies support this association. For @entity2 to be associated with @entity6 it must exhibit certain specific characteristics involving coronary or myocardial changes sufficient to explain a terminal cardiac event. In this study we aimed to analyze the morphological changes (both myocardial and coronary) associated with hemodynamically significant @entity2 and the morphological differences between hemodynamically significant @entity2 and @entity2 considered to be non-hemodynamically significant. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We analyzed 53 cases of @entity6 , of which 21 cases had hemodynamically significant @entity2 , 14 had non-hemodynamically significant @entity2 and 20 cases suffered @entity6 without @entity2 , using a morphological score with seven histological parameters. RESULTS: @entity2 and @entity0 were found to be highly correlated with hemodynamically significant @entity2 (HSMB), as were @entity0 and @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Hemodynamically significant @entity2 can be discovered during heart dissection by analyzing a series of morphological markers (width, distribution of @entity5 , @entity4 ). Our study showed that @entity2 was associated with @entity2 and @entity0 , both of which have an increased risk of electrical instability. Compared to non-hemodynamically significant @entity2 , HSMB shows a distinct histological pattern, with @entity2 and @entity0 . The main cause of @entity6 in association with HSMB seems to be electrical due to increased electrical myocardial heterogeneity, but large scale studies are needed to test this.

title: Morphological changes associated with hemodynamically significant myocardial bridges in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate abnormalities in visual scanning when @entity1 @entity0 view images of varying complexity. Eighteen nondemented @entity1 @entity0 and 18 normal subjects participated in the study. The ocular fixation position during viewing visual images was recorded using an eye-tracking device. The number of saccades, duration of fixation, amplitude of saccades, and scanned area in @entity1 @entity0 were compared with those in normal subjects. We also investigated whether the number of saccades, duration of fixation, or amplitude of saccades influenced the scanned area. While scanning images of varying complexity, @entity1 @entity0 made fewer saccades with smaller amplitude and longer fixation compared with normal subjects. As image complexity increased, the number of saccades and duration of fixation gradually approached those of normal subjects. Nevertheless, the scanned area in @entity1 @entity0 was consistently smaller than that in normal subjects. The scanned area significantly correlated with saccade amplitude in most images. Importantly, although @entity1 @entity0 cannot make frequent saccades when viewing simple figures, they can increase the saccade number and reduce their fixation duration when viewing more complex figures, making use of the abundant visual cues in such figures, suggesting the existence of ocular kinesie paradoxale. Nevertheless, both the saccade amplitude and the scanned area were consistently smaller than those of normal subjects for all levels of @entity2 . This indicates that small saccade amplitude is the main cause of @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Small saccades restrict visual scanning area in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 is considered a risk factor for recurrent or persistent upper and lower respiratory tract conditions including @entity6 , chronic cough, @entity8 , @entity15 , @entity11 and paroxysmal @entity17 . Fifty-one subjects with recurrent (more than three) episodes of @entity10 ( @entity10 ), @entity11 or @entity8 who had been admitted to an earnose- throat (ENT) outpatient clinic during the previous year were enrolled in the present study to evaluate the presence of laryngeal and/or esophageal reflux. The @entity0 , who were randomly selected, were questioned about symptoms of reflux, including @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity2 to thrive, @entity16 , bitter taste in the mouth, chronic cough, heartburn, @entity7 and hoarseness. All subjects had an endoscopic examination, an otoscopic examination, a tympanogram and upper GI system endoscopy. @entity14 was diagnosed endoscopically and histologically. The likelihood of occurrence of @entity14 was found to be higher only among subjects with postglottic @entity1 /erythema as determined by pathological laryngeal examination. The @entity3 reported did not predict the development of @entity14 , but the odds of @entity14 occurring were ninefold greater among subjects with recurrent @entity13 . Of the subjects, 45.1% were @entity9 -positive. However, no association was found between @entity14 and @entity9 positivity. The likelihood of the occurrence of @entity14 was found to be increased in the presence of recurrent @entity12 and/or postglottic @entity1 , irrespective of the presence of reflux symptoms. We concluded that, in contrast to the situation where adults are concerned, the boundaries for discriminating laryngopharyngeal reflux from @entity3 are somewhat blurred in pediatric @entity0 .

title: Evaluation of the likelihood of reflux developing in @entity0 with recurrent XXXX , recurrent @entity8 or recurrent @entity13 seen in ear-nose-throat outpatient clinics.

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity3 is considered a risk factor for recurrent or persistent upper and lower respiratory tract conditions including @entity6 , chronic cough, @entity8 , @entity15 , @entity11 and paroxysmal @entity17 . Fifty-one subjects with recurrent (more than three) episodes of @entity10 ( @entity10 ), @entity11 or @entity8 who had been admitted to an earnose- throat (ENT) outpatient clinic during the previous year were enrolled in the present study to evaluate the presence of laryngeal and/or esophageal reflux. The @entity0 , who were randomly selected, were questioned about symptoms of reflux, including @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity2 to thrive, @entity16 , bitter taste in the mouth, chronic cough, heartburn, @entity7 and hoarseness. All subjects had an endoscopic examination, an otoscopic examination, a tympanogram and upper GI system endoscopy. @entity14 was diagnosed endoscopically and histologically. The likelihood of occurrence of @entity14 was found to be higher only among subjects with postglottic @entity1 /erythema as determined by pathological laryngeal examination. The @entity3 reported did not predict the development of @entity14 , but the odds of @entity14 occurring were ninefold greater among subjects with recurrent @entity13 . Of the subjects, 45.1% were @entity9 -positive. However, no association was found between @entity14 and @entity9 positivity. The likelihood of the occurrence of @entity14 was found to be increased in the presence of recurrent @entity12 and/or postglottic @entity1 , irrespective of the presence of reflux symptoms. We concluded that, in contrast to the situation where adults are concerned, the boundaries for discriminating laryngopharyngeal reflux from @entity3 are somewhat blurred in pediatric @entity0 .

title: Evaluation of the likelihood of reflux developing in @entity0 with recurrent @entity10 , recurrent @entity8 or recurrent XXXX seen in ear-nose-throat outpatient clinics.

answer: @entity13


abstract: @entity3 is considered a risk factor for recurrent or persistent upper and lower respiratory tract conditions including @entity6 , chronic cough, @entity8 , @entity15 , @entity11 and paroxysmal @entity17 . Fifty-one subjects with recurrent (more than three) episodes of @entity10 ( @entity10 ), @entity11 or @entity8 who had been admitted to an earnose- throat (ENT) outpatient clinic during the previous year were enrolled in the present study to evaluate the presence of laryngeal and/or esophageal reflux. The @entity0 , who were randomly selected, were questioned about symptoms of reflux, including @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity2 to thrive, @entity16 , bitter taste in the mouth, chronic cough, heartburn, @entity7 and hoarseness. All subjects had an endoscopic examination, an otoscopic examination, a tympanogram and upper GI system endoscopy. @entity14 was diagnosed endoscopically and histologically. The likelihood of occurrence of @entity14 was found to be higher only among subjects with postglottic @entity1 /erythema as determined by pathological laryngeal examination. The @entity3 reported did not predict the development of @entity14 , but the odds of @entity14 occurring were ninefold greater among subjects with recurrent @entity13 . Of the subjects, 45.1% were @entity9 -positive. However, no association was found between @entity14 and @entity9 positivity. The likelihood of the occurrence of @entity14 was found to be increased in the presence of recurrent @entity12 and/or postglottic @entity1 , irrespective of the presence of reflux symptoms. We concluded that, in contrast to the situation where adults are concerned, the boundaries for discriminating laryngopharyngeal reflux from @entity3 are somewhat blurred in pediatric @entity0 .

title: Evaluation of the likelihood of reflux developing in @entity0 with recurrent @entity10 , recurrent XXXX or recurrent @entity13 seen in ear-nose-throat outpatient clinics.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity3 is considered a risk factor for recurrent or persistent upper and lower respiratory tract conditions including @entity6 , chronic cough, @entity8 , @entity15 , @entity11 and paroxysmal @entity17 . Fifty-one subjects with recurrent (more than three) episodes of @entity10 ( @entity10 ), @entity11 or @entity8 who had been admitted to an earnose- throat (ENT) outpatient clinic during the previous year were enrolled in the present study to evaluate the presence of laryngeal and/or esophageal reflux. The @entity0 , who were randomly selected, were questioned about symptoms of reflux, including @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity2 to thrive, @entity16 , bitter taste in the mouth, chronic cough, heartburn, @entity7 and hoarseness. All subjects had an endoscopic examination, an otoscopic examination, a tympanogram and upper GI system endoscopy. @entity14 was diagnosed endoscopically and histologically. The likelihood of occurrence of @entity14 was found to be higher only among subjects with postglottic @entity1 /erythema as determined by pathological laryngeal examination. The @entity3 reported did not predict the development of @entity14 , but the odds of @entity14 occurring were ninefold greater among subjects with recurrent @entity13 . Of the subjects, 45.1% were @entity9 -positive. However, no association was found between @entity14 and @entity9 positivity. The likelihood of the occurrence of @entity14 was found to be increased in the presence of recurrent @entity12 and/or postglottic @entity1 , irrespective of the presence of reflux symptoms. We concluded that, in contrast to the situation where adults are concerned, the boundaries for discriminating laryngopharyngeal reflux from @entity3 are somewhat blurred in pediatric @entity0 .

title: Evaluation of the likelihood of reflux developing in XXXX with recurrent @entity10 , recurrent @entity8 or recurrent @entity13 seen in ear-nose-throat outpatient clinics.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The progression of meiosis is controlled by a number of gene-expression systems in the @entity1 @entity1 . A forkhead-type transcription factor Mei4 activates a number of genes essential for progression from the middle to late stages of meiosis, which include @entity0 , meiosis II and sporulation. The mei4-deletion mutant (mei4/\) arrests after meiotic prophase and does not enter @entity0 . To further analyse the Mei4 function, we isolated novel temperature-sensitive mei4 alleles. The two alleles isolated in the initial screen turned out to contain a substitution at N136 in the forkhead DNA-binding domain. Among site-directed mutants that carried a point mutation at this position, the mei4- @entity2 mutant showed the most severe temperature sensitivity. The mei4- @entity2 mutant arrested before @entity0 at the restrictive temperature, as did the mei4/\ mutant. In @entity1 , the telomeres are clustered at the spindle pole body (SPB) in meiotic prophase and disperse from it at the onset of @entity0 . The mei4/\ mutant was found to arrest with its telomeres clustered at the SPB, demonstrating a role for Mei4 in telomere dispersion. The mei4- @entity2 mutant also arrested with clustered telomeres at the restrictive temperature, and the clustering was synchronously resolved after a temperature down-shift, indicating that mei4- @entity2 is a reversible allele. Hence, the mei4- @entity2 mutant will be a unique tool to synchronize the meiotic cell cycle from @entity0 onwards and may facilitate analyses of cellular activities occurring during @entity0 .

title: A novel XXXX mei4 mutant that allows efficient synchronization of telomere dispersal and the first meiotic division.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the comparative cost effectiveness of day care over inpatient management of @entity1 and @entity2 (NVP). STUDY DESIGN: A cost utility analysis was performed using a decision analytical model in which a Markov model was constructed. The Markov model was primarily populated with data from a recently published randomised controlled trial. Which included pregnant @entity0 presenting to Cork University Maternity Hospital, a tertiary referral maternity hospital, seeking treatment for NVP. Costs and outcomes were estimated from the perspective of the Irish health service (HSE) and @entity0 . A probabilistic sensitivity analysis, using a Monte Carlo simulation, was also performed. A Bayesian Value of Information analysis was used to estimate the value of collecting additional information. RESULTS: When both the healthcare provider and @entity0 's perspective was considered, day care management of NVP remained less costly (mean    985; 95% C.I. 705-1456 vs.    3837 (2124-8466)) and more effective (9.42; 4.19-12.25 vs. 9.49; 4.32-12.39 quality adjusted life years) compared with inpatient management. The Cost Effectiveness Acceptability Curve indicates the probability that day care management is 70% more cost effective compared to inpatient management at a ceiling ratio of    45,000 per QALY, indicating little decision uncertainty. The Bayesian Value of Information analysis indicates there is value in collecting further information; the Expected Value of Perfect Information (EVPI) is estimated to be    5.4 million. CONCLUSION: Day care management of NVP is cost effective compared to inpatient management.

title: Day care versus inpatient management of @entity1 and XXXX : cost utility analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the comparative cost effectiveness of day care over inpatient management of @entity1 and @entity2 (NVP). STUDY DESIGN: A cost utility analysis was performed using a decision analytical model in which a Markov model was constructed. The Markov model was primarily populated with data from a recently published randomised controlled trial. Which included pregnant @entity0 presenting to Cork University Maternity Hospital, a tertiary referral maternity hospital, seeking treatment for NVP. Costs and outcomes were estimated from the perspective of the Irish health service (HSE) and @entity0 . A probabilistic sensitivity analysis, using a Monte Carlo simulation, was also performed. A Bayesian Value of Information analysis was used to estimate the value of collecting additional information. RESULTS: When both the healthcare provider and @entity0 's perspective was considered, day care management of NVP remained less costly (mean    985; 95% C.I. 705-1456 vs.    3837 (2124-8466)) and more effective (9.42; 4.19-12.25 vs. 9.49; 4.32-12.39 quality adjusted life years) compared with inpatient management. The Cost Effectiveness Acceptability Curve indicates the probability that day care management is 70% more cost effective compared to inpatient management at a ceiling ratio of    45,000 per QALY, indicating little decision uncertainty. The Bayesian Value of Information analysis indicates there is value in collecting further information; the Expected Value of Perfect Information (EVPI) is estimated to be    5.4 million. CONCLUSION: Day care management of NVP is cost effective compared to inpatient management.

title: Day care versus inpatient management of XXXX and @entity2 : cost utility analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 is extremely rare among @entity1 . We herein report the case of a @entity0 who underwent laparoscopic extirpation of a @entity2 . A 4-year-old @entity0 was diagnosed with an @entity1 . Abdominal imaging revealed a fat density mass that was well encapsulated and measured 18   *   15   *   7.5   cm in size. Considering the MRI findings and movability of the @entity1 , we strongly suspected that the lesion was an omental @entity2 . We initially decided to perform laparoscopic exploration and, if possible, extirpation of the solid @entity1 sequentially. A total of five trocars were used, and the @entity1 was found to originate from the omentum. We successfully performed complete resection of the @entity1 laparoscopically. A histological examination revealed @entity2 . For large @entity1 in @entity0 , the laparoscopic approach is recommended as the first procedure when the @entity1 is preoperatively considered to be benign and resectable.

title: Successful laparoscopic extirpation of a XXXX in a @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is extremely rare among @entity1 . We herein report the case of a @entity0 who underwent laparoscopic extirpation of a @entity2 . A 4-year-old @entity0 was diagnosed with an @entity1 . Abdominal imaging revealed a fat density mass that was well encapsulated and measured 18   *   15   *   7.5   cm in size. Considering the MRI findings and movability of the @entity1 , we strongly suspected that the lesion was an omental @entity2 . We initially decided to perform laparoscopic exploration and, if possible, extirpation of the solid @entity1 sequentially. A total of five trocars were used, and the @entity1 was found to originate from the omentum. We successfully performed complete resection of the @entity1 laparoscopically. A histological examination revealed @entity2 . For large @entity1 in @entity0 , the laparoscopic approach is recommended as the first procedure when the @entity1 is preoperatively considered to be benign and resectable.

title: Successful laparoscopic extirpation of a @entity2 in a XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: It is recognized that higher surgeon volume is associated with improved survival in @entity2 . However, there is a paucity of national studies that have evaluated the relationship between surgical specialization and survival. METHOD: We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare @entity1 registry to examine the association between @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) between 2001 and 2009. 21,432 colon and 5,893 @entity1 @entity0 who underwent elective surgical resection between 2001 and 2009 were evaluated. Uni- and multivariate analysis Cox survival analysis was used to identify the association between surgical specialization and @entity1 -specific survival. RESULTS: Colorectal specialists performed 16.3% of the colon and 27% of the rectal resections. On univariate analysis, specialization was associated with improved survival in stage II and @entity1 and @entity1 . In multivariate analysis, however, @entity2 was associated with significantly improved @entity3 in only @entity1 (HR 0.70, p=0.03). @entity2 was not significantly associated with @entity3 in either Stage I (colon HR 1.14, p=0.39; rectal HR 0.1.26, p=.23) or Stage III (colon HR 1.06, p=0.52; rectal HR 1.08, p=.55) disease. When analysis was limited to high-volume surgeons only, the relationship between @entity2 and @entity3 was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Colorectal specialization is associated with improved disease specific survival following resection of @entity1 . A combination of factors may contribute to long-term survival in these @entity0 , including appropriate surgical technique, multidisciplinary treatment decisions, and guideline-adherent surveillance. Colorectal specialization likely contributes positively to these factors resulting in improved survival. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Colorectal specialization and survival in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Despite the availability of an efficient screening protocol review, @entity6 is a leading health problem of the world population. At the time of diagnosis about 25% of cases have distant @entity1 . Distant @entity1 are most frequently @entity1 in the liver, lungs, brain, but they are rare in the bones. An early diagnosis of secondary deposits in the bones of the hand can be very difficult. The symptoms are subclinical or similar to other @entity4 . They appear in the advanced disease, and treatment is palliative. The treatment (radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery) is determined according to the general condition of the @entity0 and the localization of the lesion. Radiotherapy can reduce @entity2 mass and reduce @entity5 especially among @entity0 with @entity3 or inoperable ones. The aim of this paper was to: (1) present a case of secondary deposits of @entity6 in the hand bones, (2) present the incidence, (3) give differential diagnoses and (4) describe the air treatment by unconventional regime of fractionation. The approach to the treatment of metastatic hands must be multi-disciplinary including an orthopedist, radiologist, oncologist and pathologist. It is important to know the importance of early recognition of these lesions.

title: Osteolysis of hand bones due to metastatic deposits from XXXX --a case report.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Lower respiratory tract and systemic cell-mediated immunity have been studied in @entity1 after infection with @entity6 or @entity2 . Respiratory tract cell-mediated immunity was evaluated by direct and indirect assays of migration inhibitory factor (MIF) production. Systemic delayed @entity0 was determined by means of intradermal testing with appropriate antigens. Aerosol exposure to listeria was followed by markedly increased numbers of free lower respiratory tract cells. These cells manifested antigen-stimulated inhibition of migration (mean inhibition of migration = 30.4%). @entity4 was associated with similar but less dramatic changes. Intravenous administration of organisms was uncommonly followed by inhibition of lower respiratory tract cells in direct migration assays. Fractionated MIF, as well as crude supernates of antigen-stimulated lower respiratory tract and lymph node lymphocytes from animals exposed to listeria aerosols, caused inhibition of normal alveolar macrophage migration. MIF, produced by lymph node lymphocytes, has a molecular weight of approximately 65,000 and is inactivated by chymotrypsin or neuraminidase. Delayed dermal @entity0 to listeria antigen was observed in 54 of 55 animals exposed to listeria aerosols and in all 9 animals infected by the intravenous route. Delayed dermal reactions to pneumococcal sonicate antigen (but not capsular polysaccharide) followed @entity2 @entity3 in 19 of 28 animals, and was elicited in 5 of 6 animals after intravenous infection. Both local (macrophage migration inhibition) and systemic delayed @entity0 followed @entity5 of the lower respiratory tract. MIF activity was shown to be one mechanism for inhibition of alveolar macrophage migration.

title: Cell-mediated immunity after XXXX of the lower respiratory tract.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Antisense therapy involves the use of antisense oligonucleotides for altering targeted gene function. However, the low efficiency of cell delivery of antisense oligonucleotides has limited the efficacy of antisense therapeutic approaches. RNA-based antisense or ribozyme oligonucleotides can be either synthesized endogenously (e.g., by a viral vector) or delivered exogenously. However, there is presently no vector delivery system available for DNA-based oligonucleotides. Recently, a novel ssDNA expression vector that can generate intracellularly any ssDNA molecule, such as antisense oligonucleotide or DNA enzyme, has been developed in our laboratory. Here we describe an improved expression vector based on the first-generation two-vector system. To test this new expression vector, we chose to express a single-stranded "10-23" DNA enzyme targeting @entity2 mRNA in the @entity0 @entity1 A549 cell line. After introduction into cells by transient transfection, @entity2 -cleaving DNA enzymes produced by this expression vector can significantly suppress the expression of @entity2 mRNA. Furthermore, the expressed @entity2 DNA enzymes induced cell apoptosis, as indicated by genomic DNA fragmentation assay. Our study further demonstrates the feasibility of using this novel ssDNA expression technology to produce intracellularly any sequence of interest, including antisense oligonucleotides and DNA enzyme molecules.

title: Expression of ssDNA in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Finger length ratio has been proposed as a putative marker for prenatal hormone exposure, as well as the action of HOX, AR, and a variant of the @entity7 genes. These genes have been recently connected to @entity3 and digit ratio could help to identify @entity0 with this predisposition. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible correlations between digit ratio, @entity6 ( @entity6 )-the most common @entity1 -and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity5 -consuming males, the main risk group for this disease. METHODS: Digital images of the right hands of @entity0 diagnosed with @entity6 (n = 25), @entity2 (n = 25), and age-matched controls (n = 25) were obtained. Fingers were measured using Adobe Photoshop and the mean ratios between the 2nd and 4th digits were compared. Data were analyzed by ANOVA (a = 0.05). RESULTS: Risk factors ( @entity4 and @entity5 consumption, familial history) were similar between the three study groups. Males in the @entity6 group presented significantly higher digit ratio (P = 0.03) in comparison with males with @entity2 and individuals without @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: According to the results, males with the higher digit ratio seem to be more prone to undergo malignization of lesions in the oral cavity. Similar deleterious habits for the three groups allows us to infer that digit ratio could add to the research of etiological factors and be a putative marker for the screening of @entity0 ' susceptibility to develop @entity6 .

title: Right hand digit ratio (2D:4D) is associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The TVT system has revolutionized the management of female stress @entity3 (SUI). Less favourable results have been observed in @entity0 with @entity3 associated with a low maximum urethral closing pressure (MUCP). The objective of this prospective study was to evaluate the efficacy of TVT in this situation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From October 1999 to June 2001, 22 @entity0 between the ages of 53 and 84 years (median: 66.7 years) were operated for SUI with an MUCP < 25 cm @entity5 (mean: 17.6 cm @entity5 , range: 6 to 22 cm @entity5 ) present for more than 8 months (range: 8 to 48 months). Three @entity0 also had associated urgency. The Ulmstem manoeuvre was positive in every case and the Bonney manoeuvre was positive in 19 @entity0 . Insertion of TVT was associated with sacral colpopexy in two @entity0 . Success of treatment was defined by complete absence of @entity3 and @entity1 after the operation. RESULTS: One @entity0 was lost to follow-up. The median follow-up was 7.5 months (range: 3 to 27 months). The mean duration of bladder catheterization was 1.3 days (range: 1 to 5 days). Fifteen @entity0 were completely cured by TVT (71.4%). In these cases, uroflowmetry and post-voiding volume were not affected by the operation. Treatment was ineffective in 6 @entity0 (4 cases of uncontrolled leaks, one case of de novo urge @entity3 , one case of @entity2 with a post-voiding residue of 120 ml). CONCLUSION: The TVT system appears to be an effective method for the treatment of most @entity0 with SUI associated with severe manometric @entity4 . However, these favourable results need to be confirmed by a longer follow-up.

title: [Efficacy of suburethral TVT in cases of stress XXXX associated with severe sphincter insufficiency. Report of 22 cases].

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 is a @entity2 which induces intense trouble. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The aim of the study was the parallel analysis of clinical and ultrasound examination in @entity0 diagnosed with knee @entity3 . A group of 88 @entity0 underwent the clinical examination and the outflow and size of flexion were determined, the intensity of @entity1 was assessed by the @entity0 's mark on VAS, the functional ability by HAQ index, and the size of effusion and @entity4 by arthrosonography. RESULTS: The minimal outflow was diagnosed in 34.1% of @entity0 , medium in 22.7%, and significant in 4.5%. @entity4 was evident in 67% of @entity0 , 17.0% had nodular, 30.7% diffuse and 19.3% nodular-diffuse type. Effusion was observed in 75% of @entity0 . The average size of @entity4 in suprapatellar recess (SR) in the @entity0 with significant, medium and lateral outflow was 6.68 (2.93-10.04) mm (p = 0.000), 1.57 (0-5.53) mm (p = 0.006) and 6.18 (3.44-7.10) mm (p = 0.000), respectively. The grade of @entity1 on VAS was the highest in @entity0 with significant outflow 70 (60-95) (p = 0.014), effusion 60 (50-80) (p = 0.024) and nodular type of @entity4 70 (50-90) (p = 0.029). There was a significant correlation on VAS in the positive direction with the size of effusion (r = 0.238, p = 0.025) and @entity4 in LR (r = 0.215, p = 0.044), HAQ index (r = 0.502, p = 0.000), and in the negative direction with the size of flexion (r = -0.346, p = 0.001). The average size of flexion in the @entity0 with significant outflow was 90 (82.5-90) degrees (p = 0.000), HAQ index 1.99 (1.49-2.30) (p = 0.078). HAQ index depended on effusion in LR in the positive direction (p = 0.014). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Clinically significant outflow is shown by arthrosonography as the biggest in SR, moderate and minimal only in LR. Moderate or significant outflow, effusion and nodular type of @entity4 lead to intensive @entity1 . @entity0 with bigger functional disability had intense @entity1 , significant outflow in LR and significantly limited motions.

title: [Inflammation in knee XXXX --cause of aggravation].

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A lot of studies have dealt with the oxidative stress in @entity2 , and some of them with @entity3 as well. The aim of this study was to examine the antioxidant enzyme level ( @entity1 dismutase, @entity4 peroxidase, @entity5 ) and the lipid peroxidation products in @entity0 with @entity3 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty @entity0 with @entity3 were included in the study. The examined parameters were measured before and three weeks after the beginning of the antituberculosis treatment (group I). The control group included 40 healthy @entity0 (group II). RESULTS: The @entity1 dismutase level was significantly lower in group I in both measurements (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01) in relation to group II, but there were no significant changes in its level during the therapy. During the treatment, the glutation peroxidase level significantly increased (p < 0.05), and in relation to group II, its level was significantly lower in both measurements in group I (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). The @entity5 level significantly increased during the treatment, but there was no significant difference in relation to group II level. There was no significant difference in relation to the lipid peroxidase products between the groups. DISCUSSION: Our study group had reduced antioxidant enzyme level and some of them showed significant improvement during the treatment. The lipid peroxidase product level was stable. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with @entity3 the antioxidative status is lower and its level and possible development of the oxidative stress depend on the disease severity.

title: [Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products in XXXX with pulmonary tuberculosis].

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To assess the contribution of blue-green pigments of @entity2 to hemolytic activity of its cultural fluid. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Eight hospital strains and reference strain ATCC 15442 were used. Growth dynamics of strains as well as features of accumulation of hemolytic and phospholipase activity were studied. Purified samples of @entity6 and @entity5 were extracted by gel-chromatography and chloroform extraction methods. Hemolytic and lecitinase activities of the samples as well as effect of active @entity0 scavengers and chelating agents on these activities were studied. RESULTS: Dynamics of accumulation of hemolytic activity significantly differed from that of phospholipase activity when strains were grown in liquid medium. Chromatographic separation of the pigments from cultural fluid supernatants sharply reduced its hemolytic activity. Purified samples of @entity6 and @entity5 were capable to lyse erythrocytes and @entity3 egg lecitin. These characteristics of the pigments were inhibited by @entity4 and sensitive to chelating agents. Conclusion. @entity6 and @entity5 of pathogenic strains of @entity2 are capable to lyse erythrocytes and suspension of purified @entity3 egg lecitin, they contribute to total hemolytic activity of pathogenic strains of @entity2 , which is not determined only by phospholipase C produced by microorganism. Lytic activity of the pigments is blocked by @entity4 and susceptible to some chelating agents. Apparently, this activity is mediated by @entity1 radical and determined by presence of metals with transient valence in pigments' molecules.

title: [Contribution of blue-green pigments to hemolytic activity of XXXX cultural fluid].

answer: @entity2


abstract: In vivo and in vitro responsiveness to gonadotropin releasing hormone ( @entity1 ) was studied in the turtle, @entity2 , after manipulation of reproductive condition by temperature: Warm temperatures (28 degrees) induced testicular growth and ovarian regression compared to cold (17 degrees) treatment. Only males (and primarily from cold treatment) responded to @entity1 injection (40 micrograms/100 g body wt intracardiac); correlated increases occurred in plasma LH and @entity0 . Effects of @entity1 (10 and 100 ng/ml) on LH and FSH secretion by hemipituitaries were studied in a superfusion system; tissues responded to between 0.1 and 1 ng/ml @entity1 . Sex differences were evident in both acute and chronic effects of @entity1 . Although both groups of females had significantly (sixfold) higher pituitary LH content, basal secretion rates of gonadotropins were similar, and LH and FSH secretion in males was more responsive to @entity1 . Gonadotropin secretion rates by male glands showed high initial increments (approx four- to sevenfold) followed by an attenuation (especially LH) during 5 hr of @entity1 superfusion. In contrast, tissues from warm-treated females showed a smaller initial response (approx twofold) followed by a progressive increase in output over time, and glands from cold-treated females did not respond to @entity1 . Total LH secretion by superfused male hemiglands represented almost half the total LH recovered (secreted + stored); whereas, females secreted only 5% ("cold-treated") or 10% ("warm-treated") of total LH. Thus, the capacity of the pituitary to respond to @entity1 is influenced by both sex and reproductive condition in the turtle. Secretion of both FSH and LH were similarly stimulated by @entity1 , but thyrotropin (TSH) secretion was independent of @entity1 .

title: In vivo and in vitro responses to gonadotropin releasing hormone in the turtle, XXXX , in relation to sex and reproductive stage.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A clinical evaluation of 10 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was performed by using an acoustic analysis soft (SoundScope, GW Instruments Inc) before and on 4 weeks of treatment of @entity3 (TH). A rapid repetitive monosyllable/ka/was recorded as the samples were analyzed in a computer. The repetition period (ms) and the maximum intensity (volt) was measured from the sound spectrogram and the amplitude envelope for each speech wave. Three acoustic parameters, which were mean of period (ms) (m-P), coefficient of variation of period (%) (CV-P), and coefficient of variation of amplitude (%) (CV-A), were calculated according to Ishida's acoustic analysis method. The average age in this study group was 52.4 +/- 11.4 years (32-73 years), the mean scores of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was 35.0 +/- 18.6. Significant correlation was shown between CV-A and @entity2 scores before therapy (p < 0.05). CV-P was decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 10.9 +/- 0.12% to 9.2 +/- 0.26% after TH, and its degree of decrement correlated with @entity2 scores (p < 0.05), which means a greater effect of TH is expected in @entity0 with milder symptoms. @entity2 scores did not change with a statistical significance. TH was shown to be effective on the ataxic speech of @entity0 with @entity1 by quantitative methods. The acoustic analysis used in this study is a sensitive and objective evaluation method for following up the clinical severity of @entity1 and judging effectiveness of a drug.

title: [A quantitative evaluation of spinocerebellar degeneration by an acoustic analysis--the effect of @entity3 on @entity0 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A clinical evaluation of 10 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was performed by using an acoustic analysis soft (SoundScope, GW Instruments Inc) before and on 4 weeks of treatment of @entity3 (TH). A rapid repetitive monosyllable/ka/was recorded as the samples were analyzed in a computer. The repetition period (ms) and the maximum intensity (volt) was measured from the sound spectrogram and the amplitude envelope for each speech wave. Three acoustic parameters, which were mean of period (ms) (m-P), coefficient of variation of period (%) (CV-P), and coefficient of variation of amplitude (%) (CV-A), were calculated according to Ishida's acoustic analysis method. The average age in this study group was 52.4 +/- 11.4 years (32-73 years), the mean scores of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was 35.0 +/- 18.6. Significant correlation was shown between CV-A and @entity2 scores before therapy (p < 0.05). CV-P was decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 10.9 +/- 0.12% to 9.2 +/- 0.26% after TH, and its degree of decrement correlated with @entity2 scores (p < 0.05), which means a greater effect of TH is expected in @entity0 with milder symptoms. @entity2 scores did not change with a statistical significance. TH was shown to be effective on the ataxic speech of @entity0 with @entity1 by quantitative methods. The acoustic analysis used in this study is a sensitive and objective evaluation method for following up the clinical severity of @entity1 and judging effectiveness of a drug.

title: [A quantitative evaluation of spinocerebellar degeneration by an acoustic analysis--the effect of XXXX on @entity0 with @entity1 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: A clinical evaluation of 10 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was performed by using an acoustic analysis soft (SoundScope, GW Instruments Inc) before and on 4 weeks of treatment of @entity3 (TH). A rapid repetitive monosyllable/ka/was recorded as the samples were analyzed in a computer. The repetition period (ms) and the maximum intensity (volt) was measured from the sound spectrogram and the amplitude envelope for each speech wave. Three acoustic parameters, which were mean of period (ms) (m-P), coefficient of variation of period (%) (CV-P), and coefficient of variation of amplitude (%) (CV-A), were calculated according to Ishida's acoustic analysis method. The average age in this study group was 52.4 +/- 11.4 years (32-73 years), the mean scores of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was 35.0 +/- 18.6. Significant correlation was shown between CV-A and @entity2 scores before therapy (p < 0.05). CV-P was decreased significantly (p < 0.05) from 10.9 +/- 0.12% to 9.2 +/- 0.26% after TH, and its degree of decrement correlated with @entity2 scores (p < 0.05), which means a greater effect of TH is expected in @entity0 with milder symptoms. @entity2 scores did not change with a statistical significance. TH was shown to be effective on the ataxic speech of @entity0 with @entity1 by quantitative methods. The acoustic analysis used in this study is a sensitive and objective evaluation method for following up the clinical severity of @entity1 and judging effectiveness of a drug.

title: [A quantitative evaluation of spinocerebellar degeneration by an acoustic analysis--the effect of @entity3 on XXXX with @entity1 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have previously shown that @entity0 @entity3 -treated dendritic cells (DC) induce an antigen-specific anergy in @entity2 + T lymphocytes. These anergic T cells are characterized by an inhibited proliferation, a reduced production of @entity5 , and additionally display antigen-specific suppressor activity. In this study we investigated the mechanisms underlying the anergic state and regulatory function of these T cells. We did not observe enhanced rates of programmed cell death of anergic @entity2 + suppressor T cells compared to T cells stimulated with mature DC. Cell cycle analysis by DNA staining and Western blot experiments revealed an arrest of anergic @entity2 + T suppressor cells in the G1 phase. High levels of the @entity5 -dependent cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor @entity7 were found in anergic @entity2 + suppressor T cells resulting in an inhibited activation of @entity4 protein and an arrest of cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. Addition of @entity5 , but not blocking of the @entity6 pathway restored the proliferation of the suppressor T cells. In contrast, both treatments induced a down-regulation of @entity7 and acomplete inhibition of the antigen-specific regulatory function as demonstrated by high proliferation and enhanced @entity1 production of co-cultured T cells. Further experiments demonstrated that p27Kip-expressing regulatory @entity2 +CD25+ T cells did not contribute to induction of T cell anergy in this model. Our data show that regulatory function of anergic @entity2 + suppressor T cells is associated with an arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle mediated by increased levels of the @entity5 and @entity6 -dependent cdk inhibitor @entity7 .

title: Suppressor activity of anergic T cells induced by XXXX -treated @entity0 dendritic cells: association with @entity5 - and @entity6 -dependent G1 arrest of the cell cycle regulated by @entity7 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We have previously shown that @entity0 @entity3 -treated dendritic cells (DC) induce an antigen-specific anergy in @entity2 + T lymphocytes. These anergic T cells are characterized by an inhibited proliferation, a reduced production of @entity5 , and additionally display antigen-specific suppressor activity. In this study we investigated the mechanisms underlying the anergic state and regulatory function of these T cells. We did not observe enhanced rates of programmed cell death of anergic @entity2 + suppressor T cells compared to T cells stimulated with mature DC. Cell cycle analysis by DNA staining and Western blot experiments revealed an arrest of anergic @entity2 + T suppressor cells in the G1 phase. High levels of the @entity5 -dependent cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor @entity7 were found in anergic @entity2 + suppressor T cells resulting in an inhibited activation of @entity4 protein and an arrest of cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. Addition of @entity5 , but not blocking of the @entity6 pathway restored the proliferation of the suppressor T cells. In contrast, both treatments induced a down-regulation of @entity7 and acomplete inhibition of the antigen-specific regulatory function as demonstrated by high proliferation and enhanced @entity1 production of co-cultured T cells. Further experiments demonstrated that p27Kip-expressing regulatory @entity2 +CD25+ T cells did not contribute to induction of T cell anergy in this model. Our data show that regulatory function of anergic @entity2 + suppressor T cells is associated with an arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle mediated by increased levels of the @entity5 and @entity6 -dependent cdk inhibitor @entity7 .

title: Suppressor activity of anergic T cells induced by @entity3 -treated @entity0 dendritic cells: association with @entity5 - and @entity6 -dependent G1 arrest of the cell cycle regulated by XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: We have previously shown that @entity0 @entity3 -treated dendritic cells (DC) induce an antigen-specific anergy in @entity2 + T lymphocytes. These anergic T cells are characterized by an inhibited proliferation, a reduced production of @entity5 , and additionally display antigen-specific suppressor activity. In this study we investigated the mechanisms underlying the anergic state and regulatory function of these T cells. We did not observe enhanced rates of programmed cell death of anergic @entity2 + suppressor T cells compared to T cells stimulated with mature DC. Cell cycle analysis by DNA staining and Western blot experiments revealed an arrest of anergic @entity2 + T suppressor cells in the G1 phase. High levels of the @entity5 -dependent cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor @entity7 were found in anergic @entity2 + suppressor T cells resulting in an inhibited activation of @entity4 protein and an arrest of cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. Addition of @entity5 , but not blocking of the @entity6 pathway restored the proliferation of the suppressor T cells. In contrast, both treatments induced a down-regulation of @entity7 and acomplete inhibition of the antigen-specific regulatory function as demonstrated by high proliferation and enhanced @entity1 production of co-cultured T cells. Further experiments demonstrated that p27Kip-expressing regulatory @entity2 +CD25+ T cells did not contribute to induction of T cell anergy in this model. Our data show that regulatory function of anergic @entity2 + suppressor T cells is associated with an arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle mediated by increased levels of the @entity5 and @entity6 -dependent cdk inhibitor @entity7 .

title: Suppressor activity of anergic T cells induced by @entity3 -treated @entity0 dendritic cells: association with @entity5 - and XXXX -dependent G1 arrest of the cell cycle regulated by @entity7 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: We have previously shown that @entity0 @entity3 -treated dendritic cells (DC) induce an antigen-specific anergy in @entity2 + T lymphocytes. These anergic T cells are characterized by an inhibited proliferation, a reduced production of @entity5 , and additionally display antigen-specific suppressor activity. In this study we investigated the mechanisms underlying the anergic state and regulatory function of these T cells. We did not observe enhanced rates of programmed cell death of anergic @entity2 + suppressor T cells compared to T cells stimulated with mature DC. Cell cycle analysis by DNA staining and Western blot experiments revealed an arrest of anergic @entity2 + T suppressor cells in the G1 phase. High levels of the @entity5 -dependent cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor @entity7 were found in anergic @entity2 + suppressor T cells resulting in an inhibited activation of @entity4 protein and an arrest of cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. Addition of @entity5 , but not blocking of the @entity6 pathway restored the proliferation of the suppressor T cells. In contrast, both treatments induced a down-regulation of @entity7 and acomplete inhibition of the antigen-specific regulatory function as demonstrated by high proliferation and enhanced @entity1 production of co-cultured T cells. Further experiments demonstrated that p27Kip-expressing regulatory @entity2 +CD25+ T cells did not contribute to induction of T cell anergy in this model. Our data show that regulatory function of anergic @entity2 + suppressor T cells is associated with an arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle mediated by increased levels of the @entity5 and @entity6 -dependent cdk inhibitor @entity7 .

title: Suppressor activity of anergic T cells induced by @entity3 -treated @entity0 dendritic cells: association with XXXX - and @entity6 -dependent G1 arrest of the cell cycle regulated by @entity7 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: We have previously shown that @entity0 @entity3 -treated dendritic cells (DC) induce an antigen-specific anergy in @entity2 + T lymphocytes. These anergic T cells are characterized by an inhibited proliferation, a reduced production of @entity5 , and additionally display antigen-specific suppressor activity. In this study we investigated the mechanisms underlying the anergic state and regulatory function of these T cells. We did not observe enhanced rates of programmed cell death of anergic @entity2 + suppressor T cells compared to T cells stimulated with mature DC. Cell cycle analysis by DNA staining and Western blot experiments revealed an arrest of anergic @entity2 + T suppressor cells in the G1 phase. High levels of the @entity5 -dependent cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk) inhibitor @entity7 were found in anergic @entity2 + suppressor T cells resulting in an inhibited activation of @entity4 protein and an arrest of cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. Addition of @entity5 , but not blocking of the @entity6 pathway restored the proliferation of the suppressor T cells. In contrast, both treatments induced a down-regulation of @entity7 and acomplete inhibition of the antigen-specific regulatory function as demonstrated by high proliferation and enhanced @entity1 production of co-cultured T cells. Further experiments demonstrated that p27Kip-expressing regulatory @entity2 +CD25+ T cells did not contribute to induction of T cell anergy in this model. Our data show that regulatory function of anergic @entity2 + suppressor T cells is associated with an arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle mediated by increased levels of the @entity5 and @entity6 -dependent cdk inhibitor @entity7 .

title: Suppressor activity of anergic T cells induced by @entity3 -treated XXXX dendritic cells: association with @entity5 - and @entity6 -dependent G1 arrest of the cell cycle regulated by @entity7 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Knowledge of the etiological agents of infections of the urinary tract and of the map of the antimicrobial sensitivity of each geographic zone is a practice recommended for improving the use of antibiotics and for facilitating the choice of empirical treatment. The aim of this study is to provide up-to-date information on the pathogen flora of outpatients @entity1 in our health area and their sensitivity to antimicrobials, based on the urinary cultivations carried out in the Microbiology laboratory of the Solchaga Outpatient Surgery during the last four years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1996 and 1999, we carried out 92,816 urinary cultivations of outpatients. The urine specimens were sown on plaques with @entity6 agar and MacKonkey agar with calibrated loop. The antibiogram was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer method. RESULTS: The percentage of positive urinary cultivations was 17%. Gram-negative bacilli represented 88.9% of the isolations, Gram-positive cocci 11% and @entity2 0.1%. @entity3 was the most frequently isolated germ (71%). The sensitivity studies show that @entity0 - @entity4 , first generation @entity5 and @entity7 maintain a sensitivity above 80%. CONCLUSIONS: Up-to-date knowledge of the most common pathogen flora and their sensitivity to antimicrobials makes it possible for a more suitable selection to be made of the antibiotic treatment when the sensitivity pattern of the responsible germ is unavailable. In the light of the results we can conclude that @entity0 - @entity4 , first generation @entity5 and @entity7 show a good activity in vitro, and should be considered as empirical treatments for infections of the urinary tract.

title: [Aetiology and bacterial resistance in XXXX of outpatients].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the in vitro effects of selected growth factors on fibrochondrogenesis by synovial membrane cells from nonosteoarthritic (normal) and @entity3 of @entity0 . ANIMALS: 5 @entity0 with secondary @entity1 of @entity6 or stifle joints and 6 @entity0 with normal joints. PROCEDURES: Synovial membrane cells were harvested from normal and @entity3 and cultured in monolayer with or without (control) basic fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-b1, and insulin-like growth factor-1. In the cultured cells, fibrochondrogenesis was measured by use of a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay to determine relative expressions of collagen I, collagen II, and aggrecan genes and of 3 genes involved in embryonic chondrogenesis: @entity7 ( @entity7 ), frizzled-motif associated with bone development ( @entity8 ), and @entity9 ( @entity9 ). Tissue collagen content was measured via a @entity2 assay, and @entity4 content was measured via a @entity5 assay. Cellularity was determined via a double-stranded DNA assay. Immunohistochemical analysis for collagens I and II was also performed. RESULTS: In vitro collagen synthesis was enhanced by growth factor stimulation. Although @entity3 could undergo a fibrocartilage-like phenotypic shift, their production of collagenous extracellular matrix was less than that of normal-joint synoviocytes. Gene expressions of @entity7 and @entity9 were highest in the @entity3 ; @entity8 expression was highest in growth factor treated cells. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Autogenous synovium may be a viable cell source for meniscal tissue engineering. Gene expressions of @entity7 and @entity9 may be potential future targets for in vitro enhancement of chondrogenesis.

title: Evaluation of in vitro growth factor treatments on fibrochondrogenesis by synovial membrane cells from osteoarthritic and nonosteoarthritic joints of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The most common primary @entity5 in adults is @entity4 . These @entity1 are highly invasive and aggressive with a mean survival time of 15-18 months from diagnosis to @entity3 . Current treatment modalities are unable to significantly prolong survival in @entity0 diagnosed with @entity4 . As such, @entity2 is an attractive target for developing novel therapeutic approaches utilizing gene therapy. This review will examine the available preclinical models for @entity2 including xenographs, syngeneic and genetic models. Several promising therapeutic targets are currently being pursued in pre-clinical investigations. These targets will be reviewed by mechanism of action, i.e., conditional cytotoxic, targeted toxins, oncolytic viruses, @entity1 suppressors/oncogenes, and immune stimulatory approaches. Preclinical gene therapy paradigms aim to determine which strategies will provide rapid @entity1 regression and long-term protection from recurrence. While a wide range of potential targets are being investigated preclinically, only the most efficacious are further transitioned into clinical trial paradigms. Clinical trials reported to date are summarized including results from conditionally cytotoxic, targeted toxins, oncolytic viruses and oncogene targeting approaches. Clinical trial results have not been as robust as preclinical models predicted; this could be due to the limitations of the GBM models employed. Once this is addressed, and we develop effective gene therapies in models that better replicate the clinical scenario, gene therapy will provide a powerful approach to treat and manage @entity5 .

title: Gene therapy and targeted toxins for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Skin @entity10 are prevalent in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). In a large proportion of @entity0 , they manifest as presenting signs and serve as important factors for the early diagnosis of @entity6 . Only a few studies describing the spectrum of @entity2 in @entity6 are available. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of skin @entity10 in @entity0 with @entity6 . @entity0 were 128 pediatric @entity0 with @entity6 (aged <16 years) registered prospectively over 6 years. Skin @entity10 were observed in 61 @entity0 (48%), and those @entity10 were the presenting features in 50 (39% of total @entity6 and 82% of those with @entity2 ). @entity2 were the most prevalent @entity10 , seen in 39 @entity0 (30%), followed by @entity4 in 24 (19%). @entity2 were significantly more prevalent in those with @entity1 in phagocyte number, function, or both, as well as in those with well-defined @entity3 . Although widely present in all @entity0 with @entity6 , @entity4 was a consistent feature (100%) in @entity0 with @entity12 and @entity13 ( @entity13 ). @entity8 with @entity7 was seen exclusively in @entity0 with severe @entity6 , @entity9 in @entity0 with @entity5 , and partial albinism with silvery gray hair in those with @entity11 . Autoimmune skin @entity10 were observed in 6% of reported cases of @entity6 . This study highlights the importance of awareness of skin @entity10 of @entity6 to assist in the early diagnosis and management of these disorders.

title: Skin @entity10 in primary XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Skin @entity10 are prevalent in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). In a large proportion of @entity0 , they manifest as presenting signs and serve as important factors for the early diagnosis of @entity6 . Only a few studies describing the spectrum of @entity2 in @entity6 are available. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of skin @entity10 in @entity0 with @entity6 . @entity0 were 128 pediatric @entity0 with @entity6 (aged <16 years) registered prospectively over 6 years. Skin @entity10 were observed in 61 @entity0 (48%), and those @entity10 were the presenting features in 50 (39% of total @entity6 and 82% of those with @entity2 ). @entity2 were the most prevalent @entity10 , seen in 39 @entity0 (30%), followed by @entity4 in 24 (19%). @entity2 were significantly more prevalent in those with @entity1 in phagocyte number, function, or both, as well as in those with well-defined @entity3 . Although widely present in all @entity0 with @entity6 , @entity4 was a consistent feature (100%) in @entity0 with @entity12 and @entity13 ( @entity13 ). @entity8 with @entity7 was seen exclusively in @entity0 with severe @entity6 , @entity9 in @entity0 with @entity5 , and partial albinism with silvery gray hair in those with @entity11 . Autoimmune skin @entity10 were observed in 6% of reported cases of @entity6 . This study highlights the importance of awareness of skin @entity10 of @entity6 to assist in the early diagnosis and management of these disorders.

title: Skin XXXX in primary @entity3 @entity0 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: Skin @entity10 are prevalent in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). In a large proportion of @entity0 , they manifest as presenting signs and serve as important factors for the early diagnosis of @entity6 . Only a few studies describing the spectrum of @entity2 in @entity6 are available. The objective of the current study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of skin @entity10 in @entity0 with @entity6 . @entity0 were 128 pediatric @entity0 with @entity6 (aged <16 years) registered prospectively over 6 years. Skin @entity10 were observed in 61 @entity0 (48%), and those @entity10 were the presenting features in 50 (39% of total @entity6 and 82% of those with @entity2 ). @entity2 were the most prevalent @entity10 , seen in 39 @entity0 (30%), followed by @entity4 in 24 (19%). @entity2 were significantly more prevalent in those with @entity1 in phagocyte number, function, or both, as well as in those with well-defined @entity3 . Although widely present in all @entity0 with @entity6 , @entity4 was a consistent feature (100%) in @entity0 with @entity12 and @entity13 ( @entity13 ). @entity8 with @entity7 was seen exclusively in @entity0 with severe @entity6 , @entity9 in @entity0 with @entity5 , and partial albinism with silvery gray hair in those with @entity11 . Autoimmune skin @entity10 were observed in 6% of reported cases of @entity6 . This study highlights the importance of awareness of skin @entity10 of @entity6 to assist in the early diagnosis and management of these disorders.

title: Skin @entity10 in primary @entity3 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is the most frequently diagnosed non-cutaneous @entity1 and the second leading cause of @entity1 -related @entity2 among @entity0 in the United States. The most successful therapies to date for this @entity1 have involved some form of androgen ablation. However, these therapies become ineffective as the @entity1 evolves to an androgen-insensitive state. Ceramide is a lipid second messenger that has been shown to mediate growth arrest or cell death when added exogenously to @entity3 cells. As a first step toward understanding the events that lead to the transition of @entity3 cells to an androgen-independent state, we considered investigating the effect of androgen ablation on endogenous ceramide levels in androgen-sensitive and androgen-insensitive @entity3 cells. METHODS: To investigate the mechanisms of growth arrest/apoptosis in androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) and insensitive (DU-145, PC-3) cells, we used various methods including nonyl acridine orange (NAO) staining, propidium iodide (PI) staining/cell-cycle analysis, lipid analysis, and Western blotting assays. RESULTS: In this study, we demonstrate that androgen ablation drives G(0)/G(1)-phase cell-cycle arrest followed by progressive apoptosis in vitro, in LNCaP cells. Lipid analysis indicated an increase in C16 ceramide, which was generated via the de novo pathway as revealed by blockade of ceramide synthase by fumonisin B1. The addition of 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or fumonisin B1 rescued LNCaP cells from apoptosis induced by androgen ablation, and decreased levels of intracellular C16 ceramide. Neither apoptosis nor an increase in C16 ceramide was observed in androgen-independent cell lines following androgen ablation.

title: C16 ceramide accumulates following androgen ablation in LNCaP XXXX cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Anatomists and surgeons have described the presence of accessory biliary ducts between the liver and gallbladder. @entity3 from accessory duct following laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is an unusual post-operative complication. Aim of the study was to assess its incidence, the intraoperative methods helpful for notice the anatomical @entity2 and the impact of endoscopic procedure as a suitable treatment. From January 1997 to September 2002, 185 @entity0 underwent LC for symptomatic @entity4 in our surgical department. Post-operative @entity3 from accessory biliary duct occurred in two @entity0 (1%): one case from the liver bed of gallbladder (duct of Luschka) and one case from an aberrant cholecystohepatic duct entering Hartmann's pouch. One @entity0 underwent open celiotomy because of unavailability of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The other @entity0 was successfully treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy and nasobiliary tube placement. By careful dissection, accessory ducts were noticed and clipped in three other @entity0 with overall incidence of 2.7%. Meticulous laparoscopic technique aimed to careful recognize all structures during LC is the main policy to contain @entity1 within its nadir incidence. Depending of availability, endoscopic sphincterotomy and nasobiliary drainage allow diagnosis and treatment of @entity3 , preserving the effectiveness of laparoscopic procedure.

title: XXXX from the accessory biliary duct following laparascopic cholecystectomy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Individual-based models provide powerful tools to model complex interactions characterized by individual variability. This paper presents an object-oriented design for individual-based modelling of @entity3 @entity2 transmission. Two kinds of objects, @entity0 and mosquito, that exhibit variability among individuals for parameters such as recovery and survival rates are defined. The model tracks the dynamics of @entity0 hosts and adult female mosquitoes individually. Immunity, modelled as a function of exposure history, is represented by reduced susceptibility and increased recovery rate. The model was calibrated using epidemiological data collected at 30 sites along the coast of Kenya. The sites were grouped into low, intermediate and high transmission based on mean daily @entity0 -biting rates. Simulation results show that @entity2 transmission was stable even in low transmission areas where the @entity0 -biting rate is approximately 0.5 bite per day. The model was used to examine the effect of infection control programmes that aim at interrupting transmission by reducing @entity0 -vector contact rates and implementing active case detection and drug treatment of @entity1 . With this intervention, local elimination of @entity2 is likely with a probability of extinction of approximately 0.8 in low transmission areas. However, a small amount of immigration (> 0.3%) by infected @entity0 into the community could prevent local extinction of the parasite. In intermediate and high transmission areas, reduction in prevalence is short-lived and the probability of local elimination is low, even at high coverage levels of the intervention.

title: An individual-based model of XXXX @entity2 transmission on the coast of Kenya.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Individual-based models provide powerful tools to model complex interactions characterized by individual variability. This paper presents an object-oriented design for individual-based modelling of @entity3 @entity2 transmission. Two kinds of objects, @entity0 and mosquito, that exhibit variability among individuals for parameters such as recovery and survival rates are defined. The model tracks the dynamics of @entity0 hosts and adult female mosquitoes individually. Immunity, modelled as a function of exposure history, is represented by reduced susceptibility and increased recovery rate. The model was calibrated using epidemiological data collected at 30 sites along the coast of Kenya. The sites were grouped into low, intermediate and high transmission based on mean daily @entity0 -biting rates. Simulation results show that @entity2 transmission was stable even in low transmission areas where the @entity0 -biting rate is approximately 0.5 bite per day. The model was used to examine the effect of infection control programmes that aim at interrupting transmission by reducing @entity0 -vector contact rates and implementing active case detection and drug treatment of @entity1 . With this intervention, local elimination of @entity2 is likely with a probability of extinction of approximately 0.8 in low transmission areas. However, a small amount of immigration (> 0.3%) by infected @entity0 into the community could prevent local extinction of the parasite. In intermediate and high transmission areas, reduction in prevalence is short-lived and the probability of local elimination is low, even at high coverage levels of the intervention.

title: An individual-based model of @entity3 XXXX transmission on the coast of Kenya.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Currently, micro-indentation testing of soft biological materials is limited in its capability to test over long time scales due to accumulated instrumental drift errors. As a result, there is a paucity of measures for mechanical properties such as the equilibrium modulus. In this study, indentation combined with optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used for mechanical testing of thin tissue slices. OCT was used to measure the surface deformation profiles after placing spherical beads onto submerged test samples. Agarose-based hydrogels at low-concentrations (w/v, 0.3-0.6%) and acute @entity0 brain tissue slices were tested using this technique over a 30-min time window. To establish that tissue slices maintained cell viability, allowable testing times were determined by measuring @entity1 or degeneration as a function of incubation time with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) staining. Since large deformations at equilibrium were measured, displacements of surface beads were compared with finite element elastic contact simulations to predict the equilibrium modulus,  (   ) . Values of  (   ) for the low-concentration hydrogels ranged from 0.07 to 1.8 kPa, and  (   ) for acute @entity0 brain tissue slices was 0.13    0.04 kPa for the cortex and 0.09    0.015 kPa for the hippocampus (for Poisson ratio = 0.35). This indentation technique offers a localized, real-time, and high resolution method for long-time scale mechanical testing of very soft materials. This test method may also be adapted for viscoelasticity, for testing of different tissues and biomaterials, and for analyzing changes in internal structures with loading.

title: Optically based-indentation technique for acute XXXX brain tissue slices and thin biomaterials.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ) vaccines are widely available and there have been studies exploring their potential clinical impact and cost-effectiveness. However, few studies have compared the cost-effectiveness among the 2 main vaccines available - a bivalent vaccine against @entity3 /18, and a quadrivalent vaccine against 6/11/16/18. We explore the cost-effectiveness of these two HPV vaccines in tropical Singapore. METHODS: We developed a Markov state-transition model to represent the natural history of cervical @entity0 to predict @entity2 , @entity0 incidence, mortality, and costs. Cytologic screening and treatment of different outcomes of @entity2 were incorporated. Vaccination was provided to a cohort of 12-year old females in Singapore, followed up until death. Based on available vaccines on the market, the bivalent vaccine had increased effectiveness against a wider range of HPV types, while the quadrivalent vaccine had effectiveness against @entity4 . Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICER) compared vaccination to no-vaccination, and between the two vaccines. Sensitivity analyses explored differences in vaccine effectiveness and uptake, and other key input parameters. RESULTS: For the no vaccination scenario, 229 cervical @entity0 cases occurred over the cohort's lifetime. The total discounted cost per individual due to @entity2 was @entity5 275 with 28.54 discounted life-years. With 100% vaccine coverage, the quadrivalent vaccine reduced @entity0 by 176, and had an ICER of @entity5 12,866 per life-year saved. For the bivalent vaccine, 197 @entity0 were prevented with an ICER of  12,827 per life-year saved. Comparing the bivalent to the quadrivalent vaccine, the ICER was  12,488 per life-year saved. However, the cost per QALY saved for the quadrivalent vaccine compared to no vaccine was  9,071, while it was  10,392 for the bivalent vaccine, with the quadrivalent vaccine dominating the bivalent vaccine due to the additional QALY effect from @entity4 . The overall outcomes were most sensitive to vaccine cost and coverage. CONCLUSION: HPV vaccination is a cost-effective strategy, and should be considered a possible strategy to reduce the impact of @entity2 .

title: Cost-effectiveness of different XXXX vaccines in Singapore.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In a previous study, we observed that associations between @entity4 @entity5 and metabolic traits were moderated by chronic stress. Thus, in a population of stressed and non-stressed Danish @entity0 , we examined whether associations between @entity4 @entity5 and a panel of metabolic quantitative traits, all metabolic traits which may lead to T2D and CVD were moderated by @entity2 . METHODS: Obese young @entity0 (n = 475, BMI >=  31.0 kg/m(2)) and a randomly selected control group (n = 709) identified from a population of 141,800 @entity0 were re-examined in two surveys (S-46: mean age 46, S-49: mean age 49 years) where anthropometric and biochemical measures were available. Psychological stress factors were assessed by a self-administered 7-item questionnaire. Each item had the possible response categories "yes" and "no" and assessed familial problems and conflicts. Summing positive responses constituted a stress item score, which was then dichotomized into stressed and non-stressed. Logistic regression analysis, applying a recessive genetic model, was used to assess odds ratios (OR) of the associations between @entity4 @entity5 genotypes and adverse levels of metabolic traits. RESULTS: The @entity4 @entity5 TT-genotype associated positively with BMI (OR = 1.09 [1.01; 1.17]), waist circumference (OR = 1.09 [1.02; 1.17]) in stressed @entity0 at S-46. Positive associations were observed for fasting plasma @entity1 (OR = 1.42 [1.07; 1.87]), serum @entity3 (OR = 1.41 [1.05; 1.91]) and with fasting plasma insulin (OR = 1.48 [1.05; 2.08]) in stressed @entity0 at S-49. @entity6 TT-genotype also associated positively with surrogate measures of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; OR = 1.21 [1.03; 1.41]) and inversely with insulin sensitivity (Stumvoll index; OR = 0.90 [0.82; 0.99], BIGTT-S(I); OR = 0.60 [0.43; 0.85]) in stressed @entity0 . No significant associations were observed in non-stressed @entity0 , albeit the estimates showed similar but weaker trends as in stressed @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that the @entity4 @entity5 TT-genotype is associated with an adverse metabolic profile in a population of psychologically stressed Danish @entity0 .

title: Associations between XXXX variants and metabolic traits and the impact of @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In a previous study, we observed that associations between @entity4 @entity5 and metabolic traits were moderated by chronic stress. Thus, in a population of stressed and non-stressed Danish @entity0 , we examined whether associations between @entity4 @entity5 and a panel of metabolic quantitative traits, all metabolic traits which may lead to T2D and CVD were moderated by @entity2 . METHODS: Obese young @entity0 (n = 475, BMI >=  31.0 kg/m(2)) and a randomly selected control group (n = 709) identified from a population of 141,800 @entity0 were re-examined in two surveys (S-46: mean age 46, S-49: mean age 49 years) where anthropometric and biochemical measures were available. Psychological stress factors were assessed by a self-administered 7-item questionnaire. Each item had the possible response categories "yes" and "no" and assessed familial problems and conflicts. Summing positive responses constituted a stress item score, which was then dichotomized into stressed and non-stressed. Logistic regression analysis, applying a recessive genetic model, was used to assess odds ratios (OR) of the associations between @entity4 @entity5 genotypes and adverse levels of metabolic traits. RESULTS: The @entity4 @entity5 TT-genotype associated positively with BMI (OR = 1.09 [1.01; 1.17]), waist circumference (OR = 1.09 [1.02; 1.17]) in stressed @entity0 at S-46. Positive associations were observed for fasting plasma @entity1 (OR = 1.42 [1.07; 1.87]), serum @entity3 (OR = 1.41 [1.05; 1.91]) and with fasting plasma insulin (OR = 1.48 [1.05; 2.08]) in stressed @entity0 at S-49. @entity6 TT-genotype also associated positively with surrogate measures of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR; OR = 1.21 [1.03; 1.41]) and inversely with insulin sensitivity (Stumvoll index; OR = 0.90 [0.82; 0.99], BIGTT-S(I); OR = 0.60 [0.43; 0.85]) in stressed @entity0 . No significant associations were observed in non-stressed @entity0 , albeit the estimates showed similar but weaker trends as in stressed @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The present results suggest that the @entity4 @entity5 TT-genotype is associated with an adverse metabolic profile in a population of psychologically stressed Danish @entity0 .

title: Associations between @entity4 variants and metabolic traits and the impact of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the 30 days outcome measured in terms of morbidity and mortality in cases of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with @entity2 resistance (PVR) managed with double flap patch closure. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology (AFIC/NIHD), Rawalpindi, from December 2005 to December 2008. METHODOLOGY: Forty @entity0 with @entity5 having PVR 9.58 + 4.33 wood units underwent double flap patch closure. The patch was fenestrated as one half of the expected aortic annulus diameter. A separate flap patch 5 mm larger than fenestration was attached to superior upper one third margins of fenestration. The patch was placed with flap to open towards the left ventricular apex. Modified ultra filtration (MUF) was employed in every case and @entity6 was given postoperatively. RESULTS: The age of @entity0 ranged from 1 to 28 years with a mean of 6.66 + 5.70 years. There were 22 males and 18 females. All @entity0 were weaned off from inotropic and ventilatory support as earlier as possible postoperatively with intensive care unit (ICU) stay of 77.15 + 54.56 hours. @entity4 were reduced to 42.63 + 10.86 mmHg as compared to pre-operative pulmonary artery pressures of 88.3 + 15.2 mmHg. Postoperatively 11 @entity0 with @entity3 and desaturation went into @entity1 in which immediate 2D echo evidenced the functioning flap valve with right to left shunt. There was only one death (early) out of 40 @entity0 with an overall mortality of 2.5% along with limited morbidity. CONCLUSION: Double flap patch is an inexpensive, easy to construct technique with low morbidity and mortality in cases of @entity5 with raised PVR.

title: Double flap patch closure of XXXX with elevated pulmonary vascular resistance: an experience at AFIC/NIHD.

answer: @entity5


abstract: A major goal of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) management is achieving urinary continence, most commonly with surgical bladder neck reconstruction (BNR). This is a report of outcome of BNR after complete primary repair of exstrophy (CPRE). At our institution, @entity0 history, ultrasound, cystogram (VCUG) and urodynamic study (UDS) were performed during a prospective evaluation of @entity0 with @entity2 . Dry interval of >3 hours was used as the definition of continence and dry interval <1-hour @entity1 . Bladder capacity was measured at VCUG and/or UDS. UDS was also used to assess bladder compliance. From 1994 to 2010, we cared for 47 @entity2 @entity0 (31 male, 15 female) after CPRE. For @entity0 >= 3 years after CPRE, BNR was performed in 9 of 22 (41%) male and 3 of 11 (27%) female @entity0 . Mean age at BNR was 6.3 and 5.9 years for male and female @entity0 , respectively. The mean (  SD) bladder capacity pre-BNR was 104.8 (  20.4 mL). There was a significant increase in capacity from pre-BNR to >= 1.5 years post-BNR (P = 0.013) and from <1.5 and >= 1.5 years post-BNR (P = 0.002). In conclusion, most @entity0 with @entity2 require BNR after CPRE. The need for BNR is more common in male @entity0 .

title: The use of bladder neck reconstruction in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A high efficiency solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coated with porous @entity1 nanotubes- @entity2 (CNTs- @entity3 ) nanohybrids was synthesized and applied for the determination of some @entity4 pesticides (OPPs) in vegetables, fruits and water samples. Gas chromatography-corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry was used as the detection system. @entity0 , as a biocompatible compound, was used for connecting CNT and @entity3 during a hydrothermal process. The electrospinning technique was also applied for the fiber preparation. The parameters affecting the efficiency of extraction, including stirring rate, salt effect, extraction temperature, extraction time, desorption temperature and desorption time, were investigated and optimized. The developed CNTs@ @entity3 fiber presented better extraction efficiency than the commercial SPME fibers (PA, @entity5 , and @entity5 -DVB). The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were found to be lower than 6.2 and 9.0%, respectively. For water samples, the limits of detection were in the range of 0.005-0.020 gL(-1) and the limits of quantification were between 0.010 and 0.050 gL(-1). The results showed a good linearity in the range of 0.01-3.0 gL(-1) for the analytes. The spiking recoveries ranged from 79 (  9) to 99 (  8). The method was successfully applied for the determination of OPPs in real samples.

title: XXXX nanotubes@ @entity2 nanohybrids coating for solid-phase microextraction of @entity4 pesticides followed by gas chromatography-corona discharge ion mobility spectrometric detection.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A high efficiency solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coated with porous @entity1 nanotubes- @entity2 (CNTs- @entity3 ) nanohybrids was synthesized and applied for the determination of some @entity4 pesticides (OPPs) in vegetables, fruits and water samples. Gas chromatography-corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry was used as the detection system. @entity0 , as a biocompatible compound, was used for connecting CNT and @entity3 during a hydrothermal process. The electrospinning technique was also applied for the fiber preparation. The parameters affecting the efficiency of extraction, including stirring rate, salt effect, extraction temperature, extraction time, desorption temperature and desorption time, were investigated and optimized. The developed CNTs@ @entity3 fiber presented better extraction efficiency than the commercial SPME fibers (PA, @entity5 , and @entity5 -DVB). The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were found to be lower than 6.2 and 9.0%, respectively. For water samples, the limits of detection were in the range of 0.005-0.020 gL(-1) and the limits of quantification were between 0.010 and 0.050 gL(-1). The results showed a good linearity in the range of 0.01-3.0 gL(-1) for the analytes. The spiking recoveries ranged from 79 (  9) to 99 (  8). The method was successfully applied for the determination of OPPs in real samples.

title: @entity1 nanotubes@ XXXX nanohybrids coating for solid-phase microextraction of @entity4 pesticides followed by gas chromatography-corona discharge ion mobility spectrometric detection.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A high efficiency solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coated with porous @entity1 nanotubes- @entity2 (CNTs- @entity3 ) nanohybrids was synthesized and applied for the determination of some @entity4 pesticides (OPPs) in vegetables, fruits and water samples. Gas chromatography-corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry was used as the detection system. @entity0 , as a biocompatible compound, was used for connecting CNT and @entity3 during a hydrothermal process. The electrospinning technique was also applied for the fiber preparation. The parameters affecting the efficiency of extraction, including stirring rate, salt effect, extraction temperature, extraction time, desorption temperature and desorption time, were investigated and optimized. The developed CNTs@ @entity3 fiber presented better extraction efficiency than the commercial SPME fibers (PA, @entity5 , and @entity5 -DVB). The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were found to be lower than 6.2 and 9.0%, respectively. For water samples, the limits of detection were in the range of 0.005-0.020 gL(-1) and the limits of quantification were between 0.010 and 0.050 gL(-1). The results showed a good linearity in the range of 0.01-3.0 gL(-1) for the analytes. The spiking recoveries ranged from 79 (  9) to 99 (  8). The method was successfully applied for the determination of OPPs in real samples.

title: @entity1 nanotubes@ @entity2 nanohybrids coating for solid-phase microextraction of XXXX pesticides followed by gas chromatography-corona discharge ion mobility spectrometric detection.

answer: @entity4


abstract: STUDY QUESTION: Can a two-dose @entity1 treatment protocol improve the treatment success rate compared with a single-dose protocol in @entity0 with an ectopic pregnancy? SUMMARY ANSWER: The two-dose protocol was not superior to the single-dose protocol for the treatment of ectopic pregnancy. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Although the two-dose @entity1 protocol for ectopic pregnancy was recently introduced to combine the efficacy and convenience of the fixed multi-dose and single-dose protocols, studies comparing the success rates, treatment satisfaction and acceptability of the single-dose and two-dose treatment protocols for ectopic pregnancy are currently lacking. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: A randomized trial was conducted on 92 @entity0 with @entity2 , between May 2013 and April 2015. @entity0 /MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: @entity0 who were diagnosed with @entity2 and who elected to undergo systemic @entity1 treatment were randomly assigned to follow either the single-dose (n = 46) or two-dose protocol (n = 46). The primary outcome measure was treatment success without surgical intervention. The secondary outcome measures were the incidence of @entity1 -associated side effects, b- @entity0 chorionic gonadotrophin (b-hCG) resolution time, cost of care received and treatment satisfaction. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: There were no differences in baseline characteristics between the groups. The success rates between the single-dose and two-dose groups did not show a significant difference [82.6 versus 87.0%; relative risk (RR) 0.95; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.80-1.13]. However, the success rate in a subgroup of @entity0 with a pretreatment b-hCG level of >5000 mIU/ml appeared to be higher in the two-dose group than in the single-dose group (80.0 versus 58.8%), although the difference was not statistically significant. No significant differences in @entity1 -associated side effects, cost or treatment satisfaction were observed between the groups. The two-dose group required a lower number of days for the b-hCG level to decrease to <5 mIU/ml than the single-dose group (25.7    13.6 versus 31.9    14.1 days; P = 0.025). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Some caution is warranted in interpreting the results due to an overoptimistic sample size calculation on the basis of the biggest difference as reported in literature between the success rates of two protocols. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: The single-dose protocol with the option to elaborate to a second dose in the case of treatment failure could stand as the treatment for most cases of ectopic pregnancy. STUDY FUNDING/COMPLETING OF INTERESTS: None. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: www.clinicaltrials.gov, no. NCT01855568. TRIAL REGISTRATION DATE: 10 May 2013. DATE OF FIRST @entity0 'S ENROLMENT: 26 May 2013.

title: Single-dose versus two-dose administration of XXXX for the treatment of ectopic pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This population-based study assessed the impact of chemotherapy on general and disease-specific health status of resected @entity4 survivors up to 10 years post-diagnosis. @entity0 AND METHODS: Colon @entity1 survivors diagnosed between 1998 and 2007 were selected from the Eindhoven Cancer Registry. Survivors completed the SF-36 and the EORTC colorectal module (EORTC-QLQ-CR38). Comparisons to a normative population were conducted. Multiple linear regression analyses investigated the association between treatment and health status. RESULTS: Eight hundred and forty eight survivors were evaluated: 29% had chemotherapy (CT); 71% without chemotherapy (nCT). Survivors had similar SF-36 scores and scored better than the normative population on several domains. On the EORTC-QLQ-CR38, male nCT survivors had more sexual problems than CT survivors (p=0.01). Among the sexually active respondents, the survivors reported sex to be less enjoyable than the normative population (p=0.02). In multivariate analyses, CT predicted better physical function, and less male @entity2 and @entity3 problems than nCT. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, CT survivors have general health status scores comparable to nCT survivors and the normative population up to 10 years since initial diagnosis. Sex-related problems among survivors suggest more attention on this often sensitive issue is required in clinical management.

title: Impact of chemotherapy on health status and symptom burden of XXXX survivors: a population-based study.

answer: @entity4