abstract: The anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV) is thought to play a key role in regulating the excitability of @entity2 (GnRH) neurons that control fertility. Using an angled, parahorizontal brain slice preparation we have undertaken a series of electrophysiological experiments to examine how the AVPV controls GnRH neurons in adult male and female @entity0 . More than half (59%) of GnRH neurons located in the rostral preoptic area were found to receive monosynaptic inputs from the AVPV in a sex-dependent manner. AVPV stimulation frequencies <1 Hz generated short-latency action potentials in GnRH neurons with @entity3 and @entity4 mediating >90% of the evoked fast synaptic currents. The AVPV @entity3 input was dominant and found to excite or inhibit GnRH neurons in a cell-dependent manner. Increasing the AVPV stimulation frequency to 5-10 Hz resulted in the appearance of additional poststimulus inhibitory as well as delayed excitatory responses in GnRH neurons that were independent of ionotropic @entity1 receptors. The inhibition observed immediately following the end of the stimulation period was mediated partly by @entity3 (B) receptors, while the delayed activation was mediated by the neuropeptide @entity6 . The latter response was essentially absent in @entity5 knock-out @entity0 and abolished by a @entity5 antagonist. Together, these studies show that AVPV neurons provide direct @entity1 and neuropeptidergic inputs to GnRH neurons. Low-frequency activation generates predominant @entity3 / @entity4 release with higher frequency activation recruiting release of @entity6 . This frequency-dependent release of @entity1 and neuropeptide neurotransmitters greatly expands the range of AVPV control of GnRH neuron excitability.

title: Frequency-dependent recruitment of fast XXXX and slow neuropeptide neurotransmitter release controls gonadotropin-releasing hormone neuron excitability.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 (OVAC) remains a highly lethal malignancy. It is a leading cause of @entity1 @entity4 among @entity0 in the United States causing more @entity4 than all other gynecologic @entity1 combined. The pathogenesis of OVAC is not completely understood, but the process of repeated ovulation is believed to lead to @entity3 in the ovarian epithelium. As part of a prospective trial designed to evaluate OVAC chemopreventive strategies using the @entity6 model, caloric restriction (55% less energy) was used to inhibit ovulation in groups of hens receiving chemopreventives, thereby minimizing the impact of ovulation on the incidence of reproductive tract @entity1 . A separate group of @entity6 was maintained concurrently in the same environment, and managed similarly, except that caloric intake was not restricted. Among birds not receiving chemopreventive agents, we compared caloric versus noncaloric restricted birds to determine the relations between calorie restriction and risk of developing @entity5 of the reproductive tract. Mortality in the calorie-restricted group was almost half that of those on full feed. Calorie-restricted @entity6 maintained body weights averaging 1.423 kg compared with the full-fed birds at 1.892 kg. Ovulation rate varied with the full-fed group producing 64% more eggs than the calorie-restricted group. @entity1 occurred in 57 (33.3%) birds for the full-fed group and 26 (10.3%) birds for the calorie-restricted group. On the basis of histopathology, 45 (26.3%) birds in the full-fed group had @entity2 compared with 16 (6.3%) birds in the calorie-restricted group. Calorie restriction in laying hens resulted in a near five-fold reduction in OVAC.

title: XXXX in calorie-restricted laying @entity6 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 (OVAC) remains a highly lethal malignancy. It is a leading cause of @entity1 @entity4 among @entity0 in the United States causing more @entity4 than all other gynecologic @entity1 combined. The pathogenesis of OVAC is not completely understood, but the process of repeated ovulation is believed to lead to @entity3 in the ovarian epithelium. As part of a prospective trial designed to evaluate OVAC chemopreventive strategies using the @entity6 model, caloric restriction (55% less energy) was used to inhibit ovulation in groups of hens receiving chemopreventives, thereby minimizing the impact of ovulation on the incidence of reproductive tract @entity1 . A separate group of @entity6 was maintained concurrently in the same environment, and managed similarly, except that caloric intake was not restricted. Among birds not receiving chemopreventive agents, we compared caloric versus noncaloric restricted birds to determine the relations between calorie restriction and risk of developing @entity5 of the reproductive tract. Mortality in the calorie-restricted group was almost half that of those on full feed. Calorie-restricted @entity6 maintained body weights averaging 1.423 kg compared with the full-fed birds at 1.892 kg. Ovulation rate varied with the full-fed group producing 64% more eggs than the calorie-restricted group. @entity1 occurred in 57 (33.3%) birds for the full-fed group and 26 (10.3%) birds for the calorie-restricted group. On the basis of histopathology, 45 (26.3%) birds in the full-fed group had @entity2 compared with 16 (6.3%) birds in the calorie-restricted group. Calorie restriction in laying hens resulted in a near five-fold reduction in OVAC.

title: @entity2 in calorie-restricted laying XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Evidence from behavioral and self-reported data suggests that the @entity0 ' beliefs and expectations can shape both therapeutic and adverse effects of any given drug. We investigated how divergent expectancies alter the analgesic efficacy of a potent opioid in healthy volunteers by using brain imaging. The effect of a fixed concentration of the  -opioid agonist @entity4 on constant @entity1 was assessed under three experimental conditions using a within-subject design: with no expectation of @entity2 , with expectancy of a positive analgesic effect, and with negative expectancy of @entity2 (that is, expectation of @entity3 or exacerbation of @entity1 ). We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to record brain activity to corroborate the effects of expectations on the analgesic efficacy of the opioid and to elucidate the underlying neural mechanisms. Positive treatment expectancy substantially enhanced (doubled) the analgesic benefit of @entity4 . In contrast, negative treatment expectancy abolished @entity4 @entity2 . These subjective effects were substantiated by significant changes in the neural activity in brain regions involved with the coding of @entity1 intensity. The positive expectancy effects were associated with activity in the @entity1 modulatory system, and the negative expectancy effects with activity in the hippocampus. On the basis of subjective and objective evidence, we contend that an individual's expectation of a drug's effect critically influences its therapeutic efficacy and that regulatory brain mechanisms differ as a function of expectancy. We propose that it may be necessary to integrate @entity0 ' beliefs and expectations into drug treatment regimes alongside traditional considerations in order to optimize treatment outcomes.

title: The effect of treatment expectation on drug efficacy: imaging the analgesic benefit of the opioid XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Body fat is an important source of hormones and cytokines (adipokines) that not only regulate the energy balance, but also regulate the inflammatory and immune responses. This study investigated the association of clinical conditions with serum levels of adipokines in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: Serum levels of resistin, leptin, and @entity4 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 141 @entity0 (110 @entity0 ) who fulfilled the 1987 revised criteria of the American @entity3 Association for the diagnosis of @entity1 and in 146 normal controls (124 @entity0 ). Then the correlations between adipokine levels and clinical parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: The serum resistin level did not differ between the @entity0 and controls. However, serum leptin levels were significantly higher in male and female @entity1 @entity0 than in the corresponding controls, while the serum @entity4 level was significantly higher in female @entity0 than in female controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that predictors of an elevated resistin level were female sex and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), while the leptin level was related to the body mass index and @entity5 . Predictors of an elevated @entity4 level were the use of @entity2 and @entity5 , however, @entity5 was negatively associated with @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The serum levels of resistin and leptin were positively associated with @entity5 level in @entity0 with @entity1 , suggesting that these adipokines may act as pro-inflammatory cytokines in this disease. The serum @entity4 level was elevated in the @entity0 , however, it was negatively associated with @entity5 level. In addition, the serum levels of resistin, leptin, and @entity4 were also associated with female sex, BMI and the use of @entity2 , respectively.

title: Elevated serum levels of resistin, leptin, and @entity4 are associated with XXXX and also other clinical conditions in @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Body fat is an important source of hormones and cytokines (adipokines) that not only regulate the energy balance, but also regulate the inflammatory and immune responses. This study investigated the association of clinical conditions with serum levels of adipokines in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: Serum levels of resistin, leptin, and @entity4 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 141 @entity0 (110 @entity0 ) who fulfilled the 1987 revised criteria of the American @entity3 Association for the diagnosis of @entity1 and in 146 normal controls (124 @entity0 ). Then the correlations between adipokine levels and clinical parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: The serum resistin level did not differ between the @entity0 and controls. However, serum leptin levels were significantly higher in male and female @entity1 @entity0 than in the corresponding controls, while the serum @entity4 level was significantly higher in female @entity0 than in female controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that predictors of an elevated resistin level were female sex and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), while the leptin level was related to the body mass index and @entity5 . Predictors of an elevated @entity4 level were the use of @entity2 and @entity5 , however, @entity5 was negatively associated with @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The serum levels of resistin and leptin were positively associated with @entity5 level in @entity0 with @entity1 , suggesting that these adipokines may act as pro-inflammatory cytokines in this disease. The serum @entity4 level was elevated in the @entity0 , however, it was negatively associated with @entity5 level. In addition, the serum levels of resistin, leptin, and @entity4 were also associated with female sex, BMI and the use of @entity2 , respectively.

title: Elevated serum levels of resistin, leptin, and @entity4 are associated with @entity5 and also other clinical conditions in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Body fat is an important source of hormones and cytokines (adipokines) that not only regulate the energy balance, but also regulate the inflammatory and immune responses. This study investigated the association of clinical conditions with serum levels of adipokines in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: Serum levels of resistin, leptin, and @entity4 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 141 @entity0 (110 @entity0 ) who fulfilled the 1987 revised criteria of the American @entity3 Association for the diagnosis of @entity1 and in 146 normal controls (124 @entity0 ). Then the correlations between adipokine levels and clinical parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: The serum resistin level did not differ between the @entity0 and controls. However, serum leptin levels were significantly higher in male and female @entity1 @entity0 than in the corresponding controls, while the serum @entity4 level was significantly higher in female @entity0 than in female controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that predictors of an elevated resistin level were female sex and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), while the leptin level was related to the body mass index and @entity5 . Predictors of an elevated @entity4 level were the use of @entity2 and @entity5 , however, @entity5 was negatively associated with @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The serum levels of resistin and leptin were positively associated with @entity5 level in @entity0 with @entity1 , suggesting that these adipokines may act as pro-inflammatory cytokines in this disease. The serum @entity4 level was elevated in the @entity0 , however, it was negatively associated with @entity5 level. In addition, the serum levels of resistin, leptin, and @entity4 were also associated with female sex, BMI and the use of @entity2 , respectively.

title: Elevated serum levels of resistin, leptin, and XXXX are associated with @entity5 and also other clinical conditions in @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a benign neoplasm of the salivary glands. This @entity1 usually arises in the major glands, with the parotid being the most frequent site of occurrence, while it is rare in the minor salivary glands. We report a case of @entity2 of a minor salivary gland on the palate. CASE: The @entity0 was a 68-year-old @entity0 . Intraoral examination revealed a mass measuring 20       20  mm that was elastic-hard, dark violet, non-ulcerated, and covered the normal mucosa. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) both showed a mass situated in front of the soft palate. The T1-weighted MRI revealed @entity1 isointensity, and the T2-weighted image showed @entity1 hyperintensity. The clinical diagnosis was @entity1 , and excision was performed under general anesthesia. Histopathological examination revealed that an encapsulated mass had grown under the epithelium and indicated a diagnosis of @entity2 . DISCUSSION: Although no recurrence has been detected in the 3  years and 6  months of follow up, there was a case of malignant transformation of a @entity2 reported. Therefore, careful follow-up observation will continue to be important.

title: XXXX arising in a minor salivary gland of the palate.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Overweight and @entity3 are associated with increased @entity0 risk; however, it is unclear whether losing excess weight will lower risk. Therefore, we examined the relationship between @entity0 among 13,055 overweight and @entity3 , @entity2 -free @entity1 who enrolled in the @entity2 Prevention Study-II (CPS-II) Nutrition Cohort in 1992. During the 15 year follow-up, 816 @entity0 cases were diagnosed. Self-reported weight was collected before diagnosis at baseline and 10 years prior to baseline. The median @entity4 was 11 lbs, but only 58% of the @entity1 maintained this @entity4 through the first 5 year follow-up interval (1992-1997). Using both restricted cubic splines and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling, we observed no association between @entity0 . The hazard ratio for 30+ pounds of @entity4 compared to stable weight was 0.95 (95%: CI 0.47-1.95). An inverse association was, however, suggested among @entity1 who maintained ten or more pounds of @entity4 through the next interval. There was no evidence of effect modification by postmenopausal hormone use, initial BMI, or other factors examined. In summary, @entity4 was not associated with @entity0 in this study. Future studies should focus on sustained @entity4 and whether the timing of @entity4 is important.

title: XXXX in a prospective cohort of overweight and @entity3 US @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Overweight and @entity3 are associated with increased @entity0 risk; however, it is unclear whether losing excess weight will lower risk. Therefore, we examined the relationship between @entity0 among 13,055 overweight and @entity3 , @entity2 -free @entity1 who enrolled in the @entity2 Prevention Study-II (CPS-II) Nutrition Cohort in 1992. During the 15 year follow-up, 816 @entity0 cases were diagnosed. Self-reported weight was collected before diagnosis at baseline and 10 years prior to baseline. The median @entity4 was 11 lbs, but only 58% of the @entity1 maintained this @entity4 through the first 5 year follow-up interval (1992-1997). Using both restricted cubic splines and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling, we observed no association between @entity0 . The hazard ratio for 30+ pounds of @entity4 compared to stable weight was 0.95 (95%: CI 0.47-1.95). An inverse association was, however, suggested among @entity1 who maintained ten or more pounds of @entity4 through the next interval. There was no evidence of effect modification by postmenopausal hormone use, initial BMI, or other factors examined. In summary, @entity4 was not associated with @entity0 in this study. Future studies should focus on sustained @entity4 and whether the timing of @entity4 is important.

title: @entity0 in a prospective cohort of overweight and XXXX US @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Overweight and @entity3 are associated with increased @entity0 risk; however, it is unclear whether losing excess weight will lower risk. Therefore, we examined the relationship between @entity0 among 13,055 overweight and @entity3 , @entity2 -free @entity1 who enrolled in the @entity2 Prevention Study-II (CPS-II) Nutrition Cohort in 1992. During the 15 year follow-up, 816 @entity0 cases were diagnosed. Self-reported weight was collected before diagnosis at baseline and 10 years prior to baseline. The median @entity4 was 11 lbs, but only 58% of the @entity1 maintained this @entity4 through the first 5 year follow-up interval (1992-1997). Using both restricted cubic splines and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling, we observed no association between @entity0 . The hazard ratio for 30+ pounds of @entity4 compared to stable weight was 0.95 (95%: CI 0.47-1.95). An inverse association was, however, suggested among @entity1 who maintained ten or more pounds of @entity4 through the next interval. There was no evidence of effect modification by postmenopausal hormone use, initial BMI, or other factors examined. In summary, @entity4 was not associated with @entity0 in this study. Future studies should focus on sustained @entity4 and whether the timing of @entity4 is important.

title: @entity0 in a prospective cohort of overweight and @entity3 US XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To identify a reliable method of performing @entity2 testing as part of @entity4 determination in adult @entity0 who develop loss of brainstem reflexes while receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). ECMO provides extracirculatory support to @entity0 in @entity1 who would otherwise be expected to die. Many studies have reported @entity4 as a potential complication of adult ECMO, but none have cited how @entity2 testing was performed in these @entity0 . METHODS: This retrospective review identified adults 15 years or older treated with ECMO at our institution (2002-2010) and the method of determination of @entity4 when complete loss of brainstem reflexes occurred. RESULTS: Loss of all brainstem reflexes was identified in three cases (3/87, 3.4%). The @entity2 test was not performed since it was deemed "difficult," leading to withdrawal of ECMO and intensive care. Ancillary tests such as cerebral flow studies were not used because they may not document absent cerebral arterial flow due to the ischemic nature of the injury. We propose the use of an oxygenated @entity2 test on ECMO using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) through the ventilator or anesthesia bag, with an inline manometer and an end tidal @entity3 device. CONCLUSION: @entity2 testing is essential in the determination of @entity4 , but may not be employed in ECMO-treated adult @entity0 . @entity2 testing using the above protocol may assist in better decision making for adult ECMO @entity0 at risk of @entity4 .

title: The challenges with XXXX determination in adult @entity0 on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: To identify a reliable method of performing @entity2 testing as part of @entity4 determination in adult @entity0 who develop loss of brainstem reflexes while receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). ECMO provides extracirculatory support to @entity0 in @entity1 who would otherwise be expected to die. Many studies have reported @entity4 as a potential complication of adult ECMO, but none have cited how @entity2 testing was performed in these @entity0 . METHODS: This retrospective review identified adults 15 years or older treated with ECMO at our institution (2002-2010) and the method of determination of @entity4 when complete loss of brainstem reflexes occurred. RESULTS: Loss of all brainstem reflexes was identified in three cases (3/87, 3.4%). The @entity2 test was not performed since it was deemed "difficult," leading to withdrawal of ECMO and intensive care. Ancillary tests such as cerebral flow studies were not used because they may not document absent cerebral arterial flow due to the ischemic nature of the injury. We propose the use of an oxygenated @entity2 test on ECMO using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) through the ventilator or anesthesia bag, with an inline manometer and an end tidal @entity3 device. CONCLUSION: @entity2 testing is essential in the determination of @entity4 , but may not be employed in ECMO-treated adult @entity0 . @entity2 testing using the above protocol may assist in better decision making for adult ECMO @entity0 at risk of @entity4 .

title: The challenges with @entity4 determination in adult XXXX on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A number of ethical considerations arise with regard to screening for, detecting, and managing @entity3 . Some of these considerations involve the need to give @entity1 the pregnant @entity0 might be experiencing. The ethical principle of beneficence gives rise to a duty of the obstetrician to provide emotional support when needed in relation to screening, confirmatory testing, giving bad news, making abortion decisions, making management decisions after viability, and dealing with the grieving process. Other issues involve ethical decision-making, such as deciding what recommendations to make concerning management of @entity3 after viability. The ethical principle of autonomy creates a duty of the obstetrician to help the pregnant @entity0 make informed management decisions based on her values and goals. A recommendation for a particular approach to management is sometimes ethically justifiable on the basis of an analysis of the risks and benefits to the mother and fetus. Legal considerations are relevant because they create requirements or prohibitions that must be taken into account in ethical decision-making. The discussion in this article does not exhaust the range of issues that arise. For example, sometimes a delivery procedure is considered that is traumatic to the fetus, such as cephalocentesis for vaginal delivery of a fetus with @entity2 . The reader is referred to other sources for a discussion of the ethics of delivery procedures that might injure or kill the fetus. Other issues involve deciding when there is a duty to offer new prenatal genetic tests, routinely or for high-risk couples, and whether to carry out maternal requests for prenatal tests for late-onset diseases and susceptibilities to diseases. These issues have been discussed elsewhere.

title: XXXX : ethical and legal considerations in screening, detection, and management.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objectives were to describe lawsuits against providers for failing to order head computed tomography (CT) in cases of @entity1 and to determine the potential effects of available clinical decision rules (CDRs) on each lawsuit. METHODS: The authors collected jury verdicts, settlements, and court opinions regarding alleged malpractice for failure to order head CT in the setting of @entity1 from 1972 through February 2014 from an online legal research tool (WestlawNext). Data were abstracted onto a standardized data form. The performance of five CDRs was evaluated. RESULTS: Sixty relevant cases were identified (52 adult, eight @entity0 ). Of 48 cases with known outcomes, providers were found negligent in 10 cases (six adult, four pediatric), settled in 11 cases (nine adult, two pediatric), and were found not liable in 27 cases. In all 10 cases in which providers were found negligent, every applicable @entity2 studied would have indicated the need for head CT. In all eight cases involving @entity0 , the applicable @entity2 would have suggested the need for head CT or observation. CONCLUSIONS: A review of legal cases reported in a major online legal research system revealed 60 lawsuits in which providers were sued for failing to order head CTs in cases of @entity1 . In all cases in which providers were found negligent, CT imaging or observation would have been indicated by every applicable @entity2 .

title: Failure to Obtain Computed Tomography Imaging in XXXX : A Review of Relevant Case Law.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Along with hepatotoxicity, @entity2 side effects remain one of the major reasons for drug withdrawals and boxed warnings. Prediction methods for @entity2 are insufficient. High content screening comprising of not only electrophysiological characterization but also cellular molecular alterations are expected to improve the @entity2 prediction potential. Metabolomic approaches recently have become an important focus of research in pharmacological testing and prediction. In this study, the culture medium supernatants from @entity6 cardiomyocytes after exposure to drugs from different classes (analgesics, antimetabolites, @entity5 , antihistamines, channel blockers) were analyzed to determine specific metabolic footprints in response to the tested drugs. Since most drugs influence energy metabolism in cardiac cells, the metabolite "sub-profile" consisting of @entity0 , @entity1 , @entity4 and @entity3 was considered. These metabolites were quantified using HPLC in samples after exposure of cells to test compounds of the respective drug groups. The studied drug concentrations were selected from concentration response curves for each drug. The metabolite profiles were randomly split into training/validation and test set; and then analysed using multivariate statistics (principal component analysis and discriminant analysis). Discriminant analysis resulted in clustering of drugs according to their modes of action. After cross validation and cross model validation, the underlying training data were able to predict 50%-80% of conditions to the correct classification group. We show that HPLC based characterisation of known cell culture medium components is sufficient to predict a drug's potential classification according to its mode of action.

title: Metabolic profiling using HPLC allows classification of drugs according to their mechanisms of action in XXXX cardiomyocytes.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Most studies of @entity5 are small and performed at a single center. We investigated the epidemiology and management of @entity4 by using a national endoscopy database. METHODS: Colonoscopy reports (n = 229,727; generated from January 2000 to December 2002) from @entity0 with documented @entity5 (n = 4159) were retrieved from the Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative. Predictors of occult or overt @entity1 and endoscopic treatment were identified by using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Most @entity0 with documented @entity5 were older than 60 years (73%) or had right-sided lesions (62%). There was evidence of @entity1 in 56% of @entity0 with @entity5 . Predictors of @entity1 included inpatient status (odds ratio [OR], 8.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.42-14.10), 2-10 @entity5 (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.29-1.75), more than 10 lesions (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.69-2.80), black race (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.46-2.62), severe @entity2 (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.62-2.41), Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.32-2.22), and age older than 80 years (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.06-1.63). Endoscopic therapy was given to 28% of @entity0 with evidence of @entity1 and in 68% with active @entity3 . Endoscopic treatment increased among @entity0 in a university practice setting (vs community setting, OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.96-3.27) and decreased in Northwest geographic locations (vs Southwest, OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43-0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Predictors of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity4 include inpatient status, comorbidities, age, race/ethnicity, and lesion number. Endoscopic therapy for @entity5 varied according to practice setting and region.

title: Factors that contribute to @entity1 in @entity0 with XXXX from a population-based study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Most studies of @entity5 are small and performed at a single center. We investigated the epidemiology and management of @entity4 by using a national endoscopy database. METHODS: Colonoscopy reports (n = 229,727; generated from January 2000 to December 2002) from @entity0 with documented @entity5 (n = 4159) were retrieved from the Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative. Predictors of occult or overt @entity1 and endoscopic treatment were identified by using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Most @entity0 with documented @entity5 were older than 60 years (73%) or had right-sided lesions (62%). There was evidence of @entity1 in 56% of @entity0 with @entity5 . Predictors of @entity1 included inpatient status (odds ratio [OR], 8.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.42-14.10), 2-10 @entity5 (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.29-1.75), more than 10 lesions (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.69-2.80), black race (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.46-2.62), severe @entity2 (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.62-2.41), Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.32-2.22), and age older than 80 years (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.06-1.63). Endoscopic therapy was given to 28% of @entity0 with evidence of @entity1 and in 68% with active @entity3 . Endoscopic treatment increased among @entity0 in a university practice setting (vs community setting, OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.96-3.27) and decreased in Northwest geographic locations (vs Southwest, OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43-0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Predictors of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity4 include inpatient status, comorbidities, age, race/ethnicity, and lesion number. Endoscopic therapy for @entity5 varied according to practice setting and region.

title: Factors that contribute to XXXX in @entity0 with @entity4 from a population-based study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Most studies of @entity5 are small and performed at a single center. We investigated the epidemiology and management of @entity4 by using a national endoscopy database. METHODS: Colonoscopy reports (n = 229,727; generated from January 2000 to December 2002) from @entity0 with documented @entity5 (n = 4159) were retrieved from the Clinical Outcomes Research Initiative. Predictors of occult or overt @entity1 and endoscopic treatment were identified by using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Most @entity0 with documented @entity5 were older than 60 years (73%) or had right-sided lesions (62%). There was evidence of @entity1 in 56% of @entity0 with @entity5 . Predictors of @entity1 included inpatient status (odds ratio [OR], 8.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.42-14.10), 2-10 @entity5 (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.29-1.75), more than 10 lesions (OR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.69-2.80), black race (OR, 1.95; 95% CI, 1.46-2.62), severe @entity2 (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.62-2.41), Hispanic ethnicity (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.32-2.22), and age older than 80 years (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.06-1.63). Endoscopic therapy was given to 28% of @entity0 with evidence of @entity1 and in 68% with active @entity3 . Endoscopic treatment increased among @entity0 in a university practice setting (vs community setting, OR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.96-3.27) and decreased in Northwest geographic locations (vs Southwest, OR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43-0.84). CONCLUSIONS: Predictors of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity4 include inpatient status, comorbidities, age, race/ethnicity, and lesion number. Endoscopic therapy for @entity5 varied according to practice setting and region.

title: Factors that contribute to @entity1 in XXXX with @entity4 from a population-based study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficiency and reliability of performing Burch colposuspension at the time of cesarean delivery for genuine stress urinary @entity3 diagnosed before pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: Eight @entity0 diagnosed with genuine stress urinary @entity3 before pregnancy were included in this prospective, descriptive study. They underwent Burch colposuspension at the time of elective cesarean delivery. Sociodemographic characteristics of the @entity0 , total operation time, intraoperative @entity1 , amount of fluid flowing from the hemovac drain in the space of Retzius, postoperative analgesic need and length of hospitalization were recorded. @entity0 were reevaluated on postoperative week 6, as well as at 6 and 12 months. The descriptive statistics of the @entity0 were performed using the SPSS 9.0 statistical program (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois). RESULTS: Total operation time was 37 +/- 7 minutes, average intraoperative @entity1 was 345 +/- 23 mL, amount of serosanguineous fluid flowing from the hemovac drain placed in the space of Retzius was 31 +/- 3.6 mL, and the length hospitalization was 5 +/- 0 days. None of the @entity0 needed additional analgesics during the postoperative period. No intraoperative or @entity2 occurred. When the @entity0 were evaluated during follow-up, they had no symptoms of @entity3 . The @entity4 -tipped-swab and stress test findings were normal. CONCLUSION: The results of this pilot study indicate that Burch colposuspension performed at the time of cesarean delivery for genuine stress urinary @entity3 diagnosed before pregnancy is effective and reliable.

title: Burch colposuspension performed at cesarean delivery in pregnancies complicated by genuine stress urinary XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Such learning programs as "School-club for Coronary @entity0 " SCCP) are very important for rehabilitation of outpatients with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) after reconstructive operations on the coronary vessels. The authors summarize pilot experience gained in the activity of the SCCP at the Consulting and Diagnostic Center set up in 2000. The group of lecturers included a cardiologist, a urologist-andrologist, a physiotherapist, a phytotherapist and others. Participation of a dietitian is desirable. The activity of the SCCP aimed at explanation of the role of risk factors in development and progression of @entity2 , of the mechanisms of action of the most effective medicines applied in the treatment of @entity2 and arterial @entity1 , teaching @entity2 @entity0 current methods of non-drug therapy, activation of motivation for successful treatment. The curriculum is designed for 12 lessons which covers information on the structure and function of the cardiovascular system, causes of the onset and progression of @entity2 , principles of @entity2 treatments, methods of health restoration after @entity3 and operations on the coronary vessels. The response to the questionnaires filled in by the learners who have undergone reconstructive surgery on the coronary vessels show that the number of the learners taking the prescribed drugs regularly raised from 77.1 to 95.8%. The recommended doses were followed by 64.6% instead of 18.8%. The diet was kept by 52.1% @entity0 instead of 29.2%. The number of exercising @entity2 @entity0 raised from 12.5 to 58.3%. It is evident that training of @entity2 @entity0 after surgery on the coronary vessels or MI in SCCP is an essential method to improve quality of treatment, prevention of complications, the disease prognosis. This experience should be widely introduced into the practice of outpatient departments.

title: [Learning of XXXX with ischemic heart disease after operations on the coronary arteries at the "School-Club for Coronary @entity0 "].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Such learning programs as "School-club for Coronary @entity0 " SCCP) are very important for rehabilitation of outpatients with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) after reconstructive operations on the coronary vessels. The authors summarize pilot experience gained in the activity of the SCCP at the Consulting and Diagnostic Center set up in 2000. The group of lecturers included a cardiologist, a urologist-andrologist, a physiotherapist, a phytotherapist and others. Participation of a dietitian is desirable. The activity of the SCCP aimed at explanation of the role of risk factors in development and progression of @entity2 , of the mechanisms of action of the most effective medicines applied in the treatment of @entity2 and arterial @entity1 , teaching @entity2 @entity0 current methods of non-drug therapy, activation of motivation for successful treatment. The curriculum is designed for 12 lessons which covers information on the structure and function of the cardiovascular system, causes of the onset and progression of @entity2 , principles of @entity2 treatments, methods of health restoration after @entity3 and operations on the coronary vessels. The response to the questionnaires filled in by the learners who have undergone reconstructive surgery on the coronary vessels show that the number of the learners taking the prescribed drugs regularly raised from 77.1 to 95.8%. The recommended doses were followed by 64.6% instead of 18.8%. The diet was kept by 52.1% @entity0 instead of 29.2%. The number of exercising @entity2 @entity0 raised from 12.5 to 58.3%. It is evident that training of @entity2 @entity0 after surgery on the coronary vessels or MI in SCCP is an essential method to improve quality of treatment, prevention of complications, the disease prognosis. This experience should be widely introduced into the practice of outpatient departments.

title: [Learning of @entity0 with ischemic heart disease after operations on the coronary arteries at the "School-Club for Coronary XXXX "].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether sustained infusion of recombinant @entity0 placental growth factor-2 (rhPlGF-2) improves myocardial perfusion and left ventricular (LV) function in a porcine model of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: We induced @entity6 using a flow-limiting stent in the LAD. Four weeks later, we randomized @entity7 with confirmed @entity3 to blinded rhPlGF-2 administration (PlGF2, 15 g/kg/day, 14days) or PBS (CON). At 8weeks, we measured hemodynamics, contractile function and regional perfusion at rest and during stress using MRI and microspheres. We evaluated neovascularization post mortem. RESULTS: RhPlGF-2 administration increased @entity8 serum levels more than 63-fold (833  361 versus 11  5pg/ml CON, P<0.05) without adverse effects. After 4weeks, rhPlGF-2 significantly enhanced perfusion in the @entity1 region at rest (0.83  0.32 versus 0.58  0.21ml/min/g CON, P<0.05) and during @entity4 (1.50  0.50 versus 1.02  0.46ml/min/g CON, P<0.05). Consequently, regional contractile function in rhPlGF-2-treated @entity7 improved at rest (37  15% versus 23  9% CON, P<0.05) and during high dose @entity5 stress (53  31% versus 27  16% CON, P<0.05). Enhanced perfusion translated into a greater improvement in LV ejection fraction and in preload-recruitable @entity2 work in rhPlGF-2-treated animals than in CON (52  11 versus 41  9%, and 76  24 versus 41  21mmHg, respectively, P<0.05 for both), which was associated with significantly greater vascular density in the @entity1 region. CONCLUSIONS: In chronic @entity3 , systemic rhPlGF-2 administration significantly enhances regional myocardial perfusion, contractile function at rest and during stress, and induces a prominent recovery of global cardiac function. @entity8 -2 protein infusion is safe and may represent a promising therapy in chronic @entity3 .

title: Placental growth factor 2 - A potential therapeutic strategy for chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the effect of graded unilateral vs bilateral lateral rectus resection in the treatment of residual or recurrent @entity1 after maximal medial rectus muscle recession. METHODS: Retrospective case series of @entity0 with residual or recurrent @entity1 . All @entity0 underwent initial eye muscle surgery for angles of 40 to 60 prism diopters (medial rectus recession of 5.5-6.5 mm; 11.0-11.5 mm from surgical limbus). If significant @entity1 persisted or recurred, surgical results from graded lateral rectus resection were recorded. RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity0 were identified for the study. Unilateral lateral rectus resection ranging from 4 to 7 mm resulted in mean esotropic corrections of 10.5 to 14.9 prism diopters. Differences in surgical response per millimeter of unilateral lateral rectus resection were not significant. Bilateral lateral rectus resection of 5, 6, and 7 mm resulted in a mean correction of 19.75, 28.75, and 33.5 prism diopters, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Graded lateral rectus resection can produce highly variable results on a case-to-case basis, but mean values trend in the expected direction. Residual deviations larger than 15 prism diopters need to be addressed with bilateral surgery.

title: Surgical management of residual or recurrent XXXX following maximal bilateral medial rectus recession.

answer: @entity1


abstract: One hundred sixty-one cases of @entity5 (111 previously reported in which details concerning individual @entity0 were given and 50 observed) were analyzed for occurrence and type of @entity3 . Only 5 @entity0 had a normal heart. Interrupted aortic arch type B was the @entity1 in 48 @entity0 and persistent truncus arteriosus in 37. Therefore, in about half of the @entity0 with @entity5 the @entity1 was one that is rare. Conversely, of those @entity0 with interrupted aortic arch, 68% had @entity5 , as did 33% of all @entity0 with truncus arteriosus. Although @entity2 was also seen often in @entity5 (10 @entity0 ), these cases represented less than 2% of the total number of cases of @entity2 . Similarly, less than 1% of @entity0 with isolated @entity4 had @entity5 . The @entity3 always involved the aortic arch system or the arterial pole of the heart. Recent studies show that neural crest cells play a crucial role in development of pharyngeal (bronchial) pouch derivatives, e.g., thymus and parathyroid glands, as well as the aortic arches and the truncoconal part of the heart. These studies and present observations support the view that @entity5 and the associated @entity3 are due to an abnormal developmental process involving the neural crest. Curiously, no instances of @entity6 or anomalous origin of a pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta (hemitruncus) have been associated with @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in @entity5 and importance of neural crest as a possible pathogenetic factor.

answer: @entity3


abstract: One hundred sixty-one cases of @entity5 (111 previously reported in which details concerning individual @entity0 were given and 50 observed) were analyzed for occurrence and type of @entity3 . Only 5 @entity0 had a normal heart. Interrupted aortic arch type B was the @entity1 in 48 @entity0 and persistent truncus arteriosus in 37. Therefore, in about half of the @entity0 with @entity5 the @entity1 was one that is rare. Conversely, of those @entity0 with interrupted aortic arch, 68% had @entity5 , as did 33% of all @entity0 with truncus arteriosus. Although @entity2 was also seen often in @entity5 (10 @entity0 ), these cases represented less than 2% of the total number of cases of @entity2 . Similarly, less than 1% of @entity0 with isolated @entity4 had @entity5 . The @entity3 always involved the aortic arch system or the arterial pole of the heart. Recent studies show that neural crest cells play a crucial role in development of pharyngeal (bronchial) pouch derivatives, e.g., thymus and parathyroid glands, as well as the aortic arches and the truncoconal part of the heart. These studies and present observations support the view that @entity5 and the associated @entity3 are due to an abnormal developmental process involving the neural crest. Curiously, no instances of @entity6 or anomalous origin of a pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta (hemitruncus) have been associated with @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity3 in XXXX and importance of neural crest as a possible pathogenetic factor.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the effects, adverse consequences, and extent of energy drink consumption among @entity0 , adolescents, and young adults. METHODS: We searched PubMed and Google using "energy drink," "sports drink," "guarana," " @entity11 ," " @entity9 ," " @entity2 ," " @entity1 ," " @entity0 ," "adolescents," @entity10 " @entity7 ," and "poison control center" to identify articles related to energy drinks. Manufacturer Web sites were reviewed for product information. RESULTS: According to self-report surveys, energy drinks are consumed by 30% to 50% of adolescents and young adults. Frequently containing high and unregulated amounts of @entity11 , these drinks have been reported in association with serious adverse effects, especially in @entity0 , adolescents, and young adults with @entity6 , @entity1 , @entity5 , or mood and @entity4 or those who take certain medications. Of the 5448 US @entity11 @entity8 reported in 2007, 46% occurred in those younger than 19 years. Several countries and states have debated or restricted energy drink sales and advertising. CONCLUSIONS: Energy drinks have no therapeutic benefit, and many ingredients are understudied and not regulated. The known and unknown pharmacology of agents included in such drinks, combined with reports of @entity3 , raises concern for potentially serious adverse effects in association with energy drink use. In the short-term, pediatricians need to be aware of the possible effects of energy drinks in vulnerable populations and screen for consumption to educate families. Long-term research should aim to understand the effects in at-risk populations. @entity3 surveillance should be improved, and regulations of energy drink sales and consumption should be based on appropriate research.

title: Health effects of energy drinks on XXXX , adolescents, and young adults.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The concentration of 12 component and four control proteins of the complement system was measured in serum from 43 @entity0 with a @entity6 , which subsequently proved to be @entity2 -responsive, and from 13 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and was compared with values from 197 normal subjects. Of classical pathway complement components, 40% of @entity0 had low @entity8 levels and 20%, low C2 levels. Mean serum levels of @entity5 , C4, @entity10 , and @entity9 were elevated. Of alternative pathway components, factors B and I were low in one third, while levels of C3 and H were commonly elevated. Of the terminal components, only C8 and C9 were low. In five @entity0 with @entity3 with @entity7 without @entity1 , all component levels were normal. With the exception of @entity8 , @entity5 , and C8, high molecular weight (mol wt) components were in high concentration and low mol wt components in low concentration. The three exceptions may be explained by the subunit structure of C1 and C8. From a practical standpoint, the study indicates that @entity1 @entity0 with a @entity6 may have low serum levels of @entity8 and C2, simulating classical pathway complement activation such as commonly occurs in @entity4 . However, low levels of C4, and possibly @entity5 , can be used as indicators of classical pathway activation since their levels are not reduced by a @entity6 .

title: Effect of the XXXX on the concentration of serum complement components.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the predictive value of serial bone scans as a surveillance tool for bone @entity1 in @entity0 with clinically localized @entity2 and managed with watchful observation. @entity0 AND METHODS: A prospective single-arm study was conducted to assess the feasibility of a watchful observation protocol with selective delayed intervention for @entity0 with clinically localized @entity2 , i.e. T1b-T2bN0M0, a Gleason score of <or= 7 and a @entity3 (PSA) level of <or= 15 ng/mL. @entity0 were managed expectantly as long as they did not meet the empirically predefined criteria of clinical, histological or PSA progression. Bone scintigraphy was repeated every year for the first 2 years, then every 2 years thereafter if the @entity0 remained on watchful observation. When the follow-up PSA level was > 15 ng/mL the @entity0 underwent bone scintigraphy every year. RESULTS: In all, 244 eligible @entity0 were enrolled into the study. With a median follow-up of 30 months, 449 bone scans were taken (150 at baseline and 299 in follow-up evaluations); all 299 follow-up scans were negative for bone @entity1 . Hence, the true rate of positive follow-up bone scans was estimated to be 0-1.0% (95% confidence). In all, 171 @entity0 had at least one follow-up bone scan; of these, the number (%) of @entity0 who had 1, 2, 3, 4 and >or= 5 follow-up scans was 89 (52), 53 (31), 17 (10), eight (4.7) and four (2.3), respectively. The PSA levels (ng/mL) corresponding to all follow-up bone scans were: 214 scans at PSA < 10, 61 at 10-14.9, 18 at 15-19.9 and six at >or= 20 (range 20.2-24.9). The probability of a negative bone scan was estimated to be 88-100% (95% confidence interval) when a PSA threshold of 15 ng/mL was used. CONCLUSION: The probability of positive findings in serial bone scans in untreated, localized, low to intermediate @entity2 was low when the follow-up PSA level remained < 15 ng/mL. Avoiding bone scans in this group of @entity0 would translate into a significant cost saving and reduction in their psychological and physical burden. As for those with a follow-up PSA of> 15 ng/mL, the role of serial bone scintigraphy remains undefined, as a longer follow-up and a larger sample are needed.

title: Are serial bone scans useful for the follow-up of clinically localized, low to intermediate XXXX managed with watchful observation alone?

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the ability of the five-item version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) to diagnose the vascular aetiology and severity of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and to compare it with pharmacological testing and duplex Doppler ultrasonography, as such questionnaires are widely used by the pharmaceutical industry to categorize the severity of @entity1 and to assess the efficacy of drug therapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: In all, 80 @entity0 (mean age 45.2 years, sd 14.0; mean duration of @entity1 3.5 years) were reviewed by an examiner unaware of their IIEF scores during testing. Penile blood flow was assessed in each @entity0 after an intracavernosal injection with @entity4 (10 micro g), with self-stimulation in privacy. The peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity and resistive index were measured for the vascular diagnosis. Visual ratings of erectile responses were also used for analysis. RESULTS: Of the 80 @entity0 , 30 had a normal vascular response, 38 @entity5 and 12 were diagnosed with @entity2 . There was no significant difference in the IIEF scores among @entity0 with a normal vascular response, @entity3 . Analysis of visual ratings of erections showed no difference in IIEF scores among the different groups of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The IIEF was designed and developed specifically for assessing and evaluating sexual function in clinical trials. However, as shown here, the IIEF cannot and should not be used as a tool to diagnose or compare specific vascular causes of @entity1 .

title: A comparison of the International Index of Erectile Function and XXXX studies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The healing process of @entity2 and the effect of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medication were studied using an experimental animal model. A standardized strain of the tibialis anterior muscle in adult male @entity0 was produced by a controlled stretch of the muscle. Groups I and II underwent a unilateral strain of the tibialis anterior muscle and were immobilized in the postinjury period. The @entity0 in Group II were fed @entity3 in the postinjury period. Group III underwent a sham procedure and were also immobilized. At 0, 2, 4, and 11 days postinjury both injured and contralateral control muscles were evaluated by determining tensile strength characteristics and histologic appearance. Group I showed a significant drop in maximum failure load to 25.7% of the control leg at Day 2 with a gradual return to the level of Group III at Days 4 and 11 (40.9% and 50.1%). Group II showed a similar drop but was still stronger than Group I at 2 days with 40.8% of the control leg and continued to drop until 4 days postinjury (33.7%). Histology showed a delay in inflammatory reaction and muscle regeneration in Group II. At 11 days both Groups I and II showed regenerated muscle fibers bridging the entire defect and an increase in endomyseal @entity1 . It is concluded that @entity2 continue to weaken in the early postinjury period. Non-steroidal antiinflammatory medication, such as @entity3 , might delay muscle regeneration.

title: Healing of experimental XXXX and the effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory medication.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The traditional approach to the surgical correction of lower extremity @entity1 resulting from combined aortoiliac and femoropopliteal disease has consisted of aortofemoral bypass as the initial step. This operation is of considerable magnitude, mandates the use of prosthetic material, and may not adequately relieve @entity1 . Extraperitoneal iliac endarterectomy is an operation of lesser magnitude and does not require the use of prosthetic material. When applied to selected @entity0 with multilevel disease, it can be conveniently and expeditiously combined with distal bypass and deep femoral repair, femorofemoral bypass, or both for the simultaneous and complete correction of multilevel disease. In the past 10 years, 65 @entity0 underwent simultaneous extraperitoneal iliac endarterectomy in combination with an outflow procedure for the correction of multilevel lower extremity @entity2 . Using a two-team approach, operative time averaged 3 hours. Operative mortality was 5 percent. The procedure was combined with femoral endarterectomy in 60 @entity0 , with femoropopliteal-to-tibial bypass in 30 @entity0 , and with femorofemoral bypass in 10 @entity0 . The life table patency for iliac endarterectomy was 100 percent at 6 years, whereas patency for the associated outflow procedures was 87 percent at 6 years. These results indicate that extraperitoneal iliac endarterectomy is uniquely suited for combination with distal procedures to permit the simultaneous repair of combined aortoiliac and femoropopliteal disease in a single operation of reasonable magnitude.

title: Extraperitoneal iliac endarterectomy in the treatment of multilevel lower extremity XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We intended to calculate approximate fetal doses in pregnant @entity0 who underwent diagnostic radiology procedures and to evaluate the safety of their pregnancies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We contacted hospitals in different cities in @entity2 where requests for fetal dose calculation are usually sent. Fetal radiation exposure was calculated for 304 cases in 218 pregnant @entity0 with gestational ages ranging from 5 days to 19 weeks, 2 days. FetDose software (ver. 4.0) was used in fetal dose calculations for radiographic and computed tomography (CT) procedures. The body was divided into three zones according to distance from the fetus. The first zone consisted of the head area, the lower extremities below the knee, and the upper extremities; the second consisted of the cervicothoracic region and upper thighs; and the third consisted of the abdominopelvic area. Fetal doses from radiologic procedures between zones were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and a Bonferroni-corrected Mann-Whitney U-test. RESULTS: The average fetal doses from radiography and CT in the first zone were 0.05    0.01 mGy and 0.81    0.04 mGy, respectively; 0.21    0.05 mGy and 1.77    0.22 mGy, respectively, in the second zone; and 6.42    0.82 mGy and 22.94    1.28 mGy, respectively, in the third zone (p < 0.001). Our results showed that fetal radiation exposures in our group of pregnant @entity0 did not reach the level (50 mGy) that is known to increase risk for @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Fetal radiation exposure in the diagnostic radiology procedures in our study did not reach risk levels that might have indicated abortion.

title: Determining and Managing Fetal Radiation Dose from Diagnostic Radiology Procedures in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective. To evaluate the recurrence rate of bulbar urethral strictures managed with cold knife direct vision internal urethrotomy and high dose @entity1 injection. Methods. 28 @entity0 with bulbar urethral strictures underwent direct vision internal urethrotomy with high dose @entity3 injection into the periurethral tissue and were followed up for recurrence. Results. Our cohort had a mean age of 60 years and average stricture length of 1.85   cm, and 71% underwent multiple previous urethral stricture procedures with an average of 5.7 procedures each. Our technique modification of high dose @entity1 injection had a recurrence rate of 29% at a mean follow-up of 20 months with a low rate of @entity2 . In @entity0 who failed treatment, mean time to stricture recurrence was 7 months. @entity0 who were successfully treated had significantly better International Prostate Symptom Scores at 6, 9, and 12 months. There was no significant difference in maximum flow velocity on Uroflowmetry at last follow-up but there was significant difference in length of follow-up (p = 0.02). Conclusions. High dose @entity1 injection at the time of direct vision internal urethrotomy is a safe and effective procedure to delay anatomical and symptomatic recurrence of bulbar urethral strictures, particularly in those who are poor candidates for urethroplasty.

title: Outcomes of Direct Vision Internal Urethrotomy for Bulbar Urethral Strictures: Technique Modification with High Dose XXXX Injection.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. Health workers are more prone to Ebola @entity2 (EVD) than the general population. This study assessed the preparedness of health workers in the control and management of EVD. Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study. Consenting 400 health workers completed a semistructured questionnaire that assessed @entity0 ' general knowledge, emergency preparedness, and control and management of EVD. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results. The mean age (SD) was 34.5    8.62 years ranging from 20 to 59 years. Most @entity0 were medical doctors (24.6%) and nurses (52.2%). The majority had practised <10 years (73.8%) and were aware of the EVD outbreak in the West African subregion (85.5%). Colleagues (40%) and radio (37.2%) were their major sources of information. Only 42% had good knowledge while 27% knew that there was no vaccine presently to prevent EVD. About one-quarter (24.2%) had low risk perception. The majority (89%) felt the @entity1 control policy was inadequate to protect against EVD. The only predictor of good knowledge was @entity0 ' occupation. Conclusion. There is knowledge gap and poor infection control preparedness among respondents. Thus, knowledge and practices of health workers towards EVD need improvement.

title: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Health Workers in a Tertiary Hospital in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, towards Ebola XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine recovery time needed for the corneal epithelium to return to a normal proliferation rate following 24-hour rigid gas-permeable (RGP) lens wear. METHODS: An RGP lens (Dk/t = 10) was fitted at 9:00 am on one randomly chosen eye of each @entity0 (N = 16) and removed 24 hours later while the other eye served as a control. Following contact lens removal, the @entity0 were injected at four different time intervals (1,2, 4, and 7 days) with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) at 9:00 am to label dividing corneal epithelial cells. All animals were sacrificed 24 hours after @entity2 injection, and corneas were stained for @entity2 . A series of continuously adjacent digital images of the whole-mount epithelium was collected from superior limbus to central @entity1 , and all @entity2 -labeled epithelial cell pairs on each digitized image were counted. RESULTS: On day 1 following lens removal, the number of @entity2 -labeled corneal epithelium cells was reduced by 50% centrally (C) and 36% peripherally (P) (P < 0.001) compared with control eyes. At day 2, there was no statistically significant difference between control and experimental corneas (P = 0.675). At day 4, a marked significant increase in @entity2 -labeled cells was noted, averaging 83% (C) and 96% (P) (P < 0.001). At day 7, @entity2 -labeling returned to control values, although it was still slightly elevated (14% [C] and 5% [P], P = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: The corneal epithelium in the @entity0 required at least 1 full week to recover to its stable baseline proliferation rate following only 24 hours of RGP lens wear. Interestingly, hyperproliferation was noted within the limbal, peripheral, and mid-peripheral corneal epithelium 4 days after lens removal.

title: Recovery time of corneal epithelial proliferation in the XXXX following rigid gas-permeable extended contact-lens wear.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined treatment with 2% topical @entity2 (CsA) and topical corticosteroid compared to treatment with topical corticosteroids only after pediatric keratoplasty. METHODS: Twenty-two grafts in 16 pediatric @entity0 were evaluated retrospectively. The eyes were divided into a CsA group (9 eyes) and a control group (13 eyes) based on the postoperative treatment regimen. Information reviewed included @entity0 age and sex, clinical diagnosis; preoperative and @entity5 and lens status; previous, concurrent, and subsequent surgical procedures; @entity3 ; number of graft rejections, timing of suture removal, and length of follow-up. The clinical outcome of penetrating keratoplasty (PK) was evaluated by the rate of rejection-free graft survival and graft survival evaluation by the Kaplan-Meier log-rank test. RESULTS: The rejection-free graft survival rate was 88.9% in the CsA group and 38.5% in the control group. This difference in rejection-free graft survival rate between the groups was statistically significant (P =.0465). The graft survival rate was 88.9% in the CsA group and 46.2% in the control group. The difference in the graft survival rate was not statistically significant between the groups (P =.6). No clinical signs of @entity4 or local @entity1 were seen with the topical CsA treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Two percent topical CsA is safe and effective in reducing the risk of allograft rejection in pediatric recipients.

title: Topical XXXX in pediatric keratoplasty.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In @entity8 ( @entity8 ), several clinical diagnostic pitfalls are possible and should be known to those caring for @entity0 and @entity0 with this disorder. The records of the 18 @entity0 at Hotel Dieu de France Hospital with a history of CDH between 1990 and 1999 were collected; those of the ten who had a @entity8 were reviewed retrospectively. The mean age at diagnosis was 6 months; the male-to-female ratio was 2:3. The delay between the first symptom and the diagnosis ranged between 0 and 10.5 months (mean 4.5 months). An acute presentation was observed in four cases, consisting of respiratory distress in three; the 4th presented with @entity9 and @entity5 . The presenting symptoms were mild in four cases; recurrent @entity7 in three and @entity3 to thrive in one. The diagnosis was incidental in two cases during the evaluation of respiratory symptoms attributed to an @entity2 . The radiologic findings provided by a chest radiograph (CxR) were sufficient to make an accurate diagnosis in eight cases and peritoneography was useful in one. In six cases, the presenting CxR had been misinterpreted as normal or @entity1 . Pathologic findings at surgery consisted of lateral and posterior right diaphragmatic defects in nine cases; the defect was lateral and anterior in one. A hernia sac was found in seven cases; @entity6 was present in three. Surgical correction was done by an abdominal approach in nine cases and a thoracic approach in one. The diaphragmatic defect was repaired by transverse closure in six cases, diaphragm plication in three and prosthetic closure in one. The postoperative outcome was uneventful in eight cases. Two @entity0 died. Thus, @entity8 seems to cause less severe symptoms than left-sided LCDH. It usually manifests beyond the neonatal period as respiratory or @entity4 . The diagnosis should be made easily by a CxR. The presence of a hernia sac correlated with a mild presentation. An abdominal surgical approach is preferred.

title: Right XXXX a well-known pathology?

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) imposes a significant burden on the social and marital life. Here, we assessed the divorce rate and changes in marital status among a sample of Iranian individuals with @entity3 . METHODS: Referred @entity0 to Brain and @entity3 Research Center were invited to participate in this cross-sectional investigation. The Main exclusion criteria were @entity2 , history of @entity1 before @entity3 and substance use. Demographic characteristics (including age, gender, educational level, marital status before and after injury and duration of marriage) and Injury characteristics (level of the injury, American @entity4 association (ASIA) scale and Spinal cord independence measure III (SCIM)) were collected. RESULTS: Total of 241 subjects with @entity3 participated in this investigation (164 (68%) male and 77 (32%) female). Among @entity0 , 16.5% [95% CI: 10.81%-22.18%] and among @entity0 18.2% [95% CI: 9.58%-26.81%] got divorced after injury. Duration of marriage before injury was significantly related to lower divorce rate (P< 0.001 and 0.016 in @entity0 and @entity0 , respectively). Injury characteristics had no relationship with marital longevity. Age was a protective factor against marital dissolution only in @entity0 (P< 0.004). CONCLUSION: Our study revealed the divorce rate of 17% [95% CI: 13%-20.9%] after @entity3 in a sample of Iranian population. The protective influence of age in maintenance of marriage was only detected in @entity0 , which proposes existence of a sexual polymorphism in the role of age. Divorce rate was similar between two genders and injury characteristics were not related to divorce rate as well.

title: The Effect of Injury-Related Characteristics on Changes in Marital Status after XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In 18 @entity0 , the left sciatic nerve was divided at the mid-femur level. Seven to 9 days later, microfilament recordings were made from the ipsilateral L-5 ventral root. Spontaneous activity in the ventral root, ranging from 0.1 to 6.1 Hz, was recorded in 12 of the 18 animals. Conduction velocity determinations showed this activity to be in @entity6 and A-delta fibers. Recordings in 10 normal L-5 ventral roots from five control @entity0 showed no spontaneous activity. In the @entity0 with sciatic nerve division, the ongoing discharge appeared to originate in the cut end of the nerve since mechanical stimulation of the @entity5 produced synchronous ventral root activity. Furthermore, cooling of the @entity5 inhibited the spontaneous discharge, whereas with rewarming it returned. Spontaneous ventral root activity was also increased by systemic application of @entity3 . This activity was qualitatively similar to spontaneous activity that has been recorded in dorsal root microfilaments after @entity4 . The observation of an ongoing discharge in potentially nociceptive ventral root axons subsequent to @entity1 may be relevant to the mechanism of @entity2 of peripheral origin.

title: Spontaneous activity of ventral root axons following XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The increase in international travelling from temperate zones to tropical countries and increasing drug resistance of @entity1 has resulted in a growing number of travellers that are at risk for contracting @entity0 . The objective of this study was to obtain insight into dispensing patterns of @entity0 and to determine whether health care providers have followed changes in guidelines. METHODS: Data on prescriptions of @entity3 and @entity2 were obtained from the Dutch 'Foundation for Pharmaceutical Statistics' (SFK) covering the period 1 January 1993 up to 31 December 1998. From Statistics Netherlands (SN), we obtained the number of travellers to endemic areas during the years 1994-1998. RESULTS: There were 420,963 prescriptions for @entity2 and 464,904 for @entity3 dispensed during the study period. The total number of prescriptions for @entity0 increased during the period 1993-1997 from 98,325 (of which 14,427 (14.7%) for @entity2 and 83,898 (85.3%) for @entity3 ) to 168,452 (of which 90,232 (53.6%) for @entity2 and 78,220 (46.4%) for @entity3 ). The number of prescriptions per 1000 travellers decreased over the years for @entity3 from 169 to 118 but remained stable for @entity2 at 126. The average duration for which @entity2 was prescribed remained stable, whereas the average duration for which @entity3 was prescribed decreased over time. We observed differences in the prescription rate of prescriptions for @entity2 between geographical regions in the Netherlands. CONCLUSION: Changes in the guidelines of @entity0 prophylaxis with respect to type and duration were generally followed by health care providers. Nevertheless there are variations between the regions in the proportion of prescribed courses of @entity2 .

title: Utilisation of XXXX prophylaxis: the effect of changes in guidelines in The Netherlands, 1993-1998.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The findings in 28 @entity0 with @entity1 are reviewed. Mediastinoscopy and systemic staging were performed to exclude the possibilities that one @entity4 was metastatic from the other or that both represented systemic @entity2 from another @entity3 . Nineteen @entity0 underwent resection of both @entity3 . Median survival was 25 months for four @entity0 with @entity3 (no nodal involvement; different cell types, bronchoscopically separate endobronchial lesions or arising from separate foci of @entity6 ) and was 27 months for seven @entity0 with possible synchronous @entity3 (no nodal involvement; similar cell types; located in separate lobes). Median survival was 11 months for 16 @entity0 having @entity3 accompanied by a second @entity1 . In the absence of hilar or mediastinal nodal involvement and systemic @entity2 , @entity3 should be considered separate primaries when located in different lobes, even if they have similar histologic features. Prognosis of @entity3 is related to the presence or absence of nodal @entity2 . Pneumonectomy is the operation of choice for synchronous @entity3 . With @entity3 , sequential resection starting with the most @entity5 is appropriate. Preservation of lung tissue without compromising the @entity3 operation is critical.

title: Diagnosis and management of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A case of primary @entity5 in the pineal region is reported. A six-year-old @entity0 showing precocious puberty, suddenly developed @entity4 by massive @entity3 . He recovered gradually up to @entity7 mutism, but whose clinical, hormonal and neuroradiological studies failed to demonstrate any pathological lesions. Four years later a small @entity1 was detected by CT in the pineal region. At the same time increased serum- @entity9 level was shown. @entity1 was carried out by Stein's supracerebellar infratentorial approach. The pathology of the @entity1 showed the characteristics of @entity5 , consisting of major @entity2 area and of @entity1 cells, syncytiotrophoblast and cellular trophoblast. The former revealed strong activity of @entity9 by immunoperoxidase study. Postoperative chemotherapy with @entity8 and @entity6 was given for a month. In the course of these treatments, serum- @entity9 recovered within normal range. This @entity0 shows no signs and symptoms of the recurrence 6 months after operation. Early diagnosis with aids of neuroradiology as well as hormonal studies and the early initiation of the treatment may prevent major complications like massive @entity1 , also might achieve the favorable outcome of this @entity1 .

title: [Pineal @entity5 presenting massive XXXX --a case report].

answer: @entity3


abstract: A case of primary @entity5 in the pineal region is reported. A six-year-old @entity0 showing precocious puberty, suddenly developed @entity4 by massive @entity3 . He recovered gradually up to @entity7 mutism, but whose clinical, hormonal and neuroradiological studies failed to demonstrate any pathological lesions. Four years later a small @entity1 was detected by CT in the pineal region. At the same time increased serum- @entity9 level was shown. @entity1 was carried out by Stein's supracerebellar infratentorial approach. The pathology of the @entity1 showed the characteristics of @entity5 , consisting of major @entity2 area and of @entity1 cells, syncytiotrophoblast and cellular trophoblast. The former revealed strong activity of @entity9 by immunoperoxidase study. Postoperative chemotherapy with @entity8 and @entity6 was given for a month. In the course of these treatments, serum- @entity9 recovered within normal range. This @entity0 shows no signs and symptoms of the recurrence 6 months after operation. Early diagnosis with aids of neuroradiology as well as hormonal studies and the early initiation of the treatment may prevent major complications like massive @entity1 , also might achieve the favorable outcome of this @entity1 .

title: [Pineal XXXX presenting massive @entity3 --a case report].

answer: @entity5


abstract: The influence of 35 preoperative and intraoperative characteristics on operative mortality risk after 1,479 isolated aortic valve replacement procedures (1967 to 1981) was investigated utilizing univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Mean age at operation was 58 +/- 13 years; 72% of @entity0 were @entity0 . Physiology was classified as @entity4 (58%), regurgitation (30%), or both (9%). The overall operative mortality rate was 7% +/- 1%, but there were substantial differences in operative mortality rates among physiological subgroups ( @entity2 , 10% +/- 2%; @entity4 , 6% +/- 1%; @entity5 /regurgitation, 5% +/- 2%). Independent determinants of operative mortality rate in the entire group were advanced New York Heart Association functional class, @entity1 , physiological subgroup, @entity8 , and older age. In the @entity2 subgroup, functional class, @entity8 , and operative year were independent predictors. In the @entity4 subgroup, the significant determinants were functional class, @entity1 , age, prosthetic @entity3 , and @entity7 . Concomitant coronary bypass grafting, previous operation, @entity6 , and ascending aortic replacement had no independent predictive effect on operative mortality rate. Thus, the early results of aortic valve replacement can be related to several specific variables describing the functional and physiological status of the @entity0 . Operative mortality rate is not independently related to previous operation or concomitant operative procedures. Specific differences in risk factors exist among the various physiological subgroups, probably reflecting the pathophysiology of the different hemodynamic lesions. This information should provide for a more rational approach to aortic valve replacement, at least in terms of early risk/benefit deliberations.

title: Determinants of operative mortality for XXXX undergoing aortic valve replacement. Discriminant analysis of 1,479 operations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Hereford x Angus crossbred steers (n = 36) were stunned, exsanguinated, and infused via the carotid artery either with an aqueous solution containing 98.52% water, 0.97% @entity0 , 0.23% @entity1 , and 0.28% @entity3 (MPSC; n = 12) or with 0.3 M @entity2 (n = 12). The remaining 12 steers served as noninfused controls. At 48 h postmortem, the quadriceps muscles and subcutaneous fat were removed from the carcasses, frozen, and later made into ground beef (18 to 20% fat). The longissimus lumborum (LL), semimembranosus, and psoas major (PM) also were removed, vacuum packaged, aged until 14 d postmortem, and then one steak was sliced from each muscle for visual and instrumental color evaluations. The inside (ISM) and outside (OSM) portions of the SM were evaluated separately. The LL and OSM steaks from MPSC-infused carcasses had a lighter red (P < 0.05) initial appearance than steaks from the other treatments. The LL steaks from noninfused carcasses had the most (P < 0.05) uniform color; the MPSC treatment was intermediate, and the @entity2 treatment was the most two-toned. Steaks from both infusion treatments had higher (P < 0.05) L* values for the LL, ISM, and OSM muscles compared with noninfused carcasses. In general, the LL from @entity2 -infused carcasses had lower (P < 0.05) a* values, saturation indices, and 630 nm to 580 nm reflectance values, and had larger (P < 0.05) hue angles. Infusion with MPSC increased (P < 0.05) hue angles in the LL and OSM. Display color stability was lowest (P < 0.05) for LL steaks from @entity2 -infused carcasses, whereas steaks from MPSC-infused carcasses were lighter red in initial color, but otherwise had display color stability similar to those from noninfused carcasses. No differences (P > 0.05) due to infusion were found for any color traits for the PM muscle and ground beef. Carotid artery vascular infusion of carcasses with @entity2 resulted in undesirable meat colors, whereas the MPSC solution lightened loin and inside round color in a desirable way, but the color stability was slightly less compared to muscle from noninfused carcasses. Infusion effects were not consistent among muscles, and further research will be needed to determine what caused these differences.

title: Effects of postexsanguination vascular infusion of carcasses with calcium chloride or a solution of saccharides, XXXX , and @entity3 on beef display-color stability.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Hereford x Angus crossbred steers (n = 36) were stunned, exsanguinated, and infused via the carotid artery either with an aqueous solution containing 98.52% water, 0.97% @entity0 , 0.23% @entity1 , and 0.28% @entity3 (MPSC; n = 12) or with 0.3 M @entity2 (n = 12). The remaining 12 steers served as noninfused controls. At 48 h postmortem, the quadriceps muscles and subcutaneous fat were removed from the carcasses, frozen, and later made into ground beef (18 to 20% fat). The longissimus lumborum (LL), semimembranosus, and psoas major (PM) also were removed, vacuum packaged, aged until 14 d postmortem, and then one steak was sliced from each muscle for visual and instrumental color evaluations. The inside (ISM) and outside (OSM) portions of the SM were evaluated separately. The LL and OSM steaks from MPSC-infused carcasses had a lighter red (P < 0.05) initial appearance than steaks from the other treatments. The LL steaks from noninfused carcasses had the most (P < 0.05) uniform color; the MPSC treatment was intermediate, and the @entity2 treatment was the most two-toned. Steaks from both infusion treatments had higher (P < 0.05) L* values for the LL, ISM, and OSM muscles compared with noninfused carcasses. In general, the LL from @entity2 -infused carcasses had lower (P < 0.05) a* values, saturation indices, and 630 nm to 580 nm reflectance values, and had larger (P < 0.05) hue angles. Infusion with MPSC increased (P < 0.05) hue angles in the LL and OSM. Display color stability was lowest (P < 0.05) for LL steaks from @entity2 -infused carcasses, whereas steaks from MPSC-infused carcasses were lighter red in initial color, but otherwise had display color stability similar to those from noninfused carcasses. No differences (P > 0.05) due to infusion were found for any color traits for the PM muscle and ground beef. Carotid artery vascular infusion of carcasses with @entity2 resulted in undesirable meat colors, whereas the MPSC solution lightened loin and inside round color in a desirable way, but the color stability was slightly less compared to muscle from noninfused carcasses. Infusion effects were not consistent among muscles, and further research will be needed to determine what caused these differences.

title: Effects of postexsanguination vascular infusion of carcasses with calcium chloride or a solution of saccharides, @entity1 , and XXXX on beef display-color stability.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate psychopathology and self-esteem in @entity1 . METHODS: 60 @entity0 and their parents were selected to participate in an open study. 30 @entity0 had @entity3 and the other 30 had @entity6 . Both the groups consisted of @entity0 randomly selected from the @entity3 Centre respectively, of a teaching general hospital. The @entity0 and their parents were interviewed and also rated on Childhood Psychopathology Measurement Schedule (CPMS) and Rosenberg's self esteem scale. The data was analysed using Pearson's chi square test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. RESULTS: The @entity0 were seen to have high psychopathology on CPMS (average score: @entity6 group = 28.56, @entity3 group = 26.06). @entity4 was the subscale with the maximum elevation in both groups. @entity2 were high in @entity3 . In addition, sadness and disinterest in life were common symptoms in @entity6 while irritability and @entity7 were high in @entity3 . @entity0 with @entity3 perceived a change in lifestyle after diagnosis. Self-esteem was moderately affected in both groups and this affected compliance with treatment in @entity6 . CONCLUSION: @entity1 affects @entity5 and self esteem in @entity0 . Hence, in addition to the physical aspects it is necessary also, to focus on the @entity5 of the @entity0 in order to ensure compliance and thus treat the @entity0 comprehensively.

title: Psychopathology and self-esteem in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early Intervention in Psychosis Services (EIS) for young @entity0 in England experiencing first-episode @entity2 (FEP) were commissioned in 2002, based on an expected incidence of 15 cases per 100 000 @entity0 -years, as reported by @entity1 epidemiology in highly urban settings. Unconfirmed reports from EIS thereafter have suggested higher than anticipated rates. The aim of this study was to compare the observed with the expected incidence and delineate the clinical epidemiology of FEP using epidemiologically complete data from the CAMEO EIS, over a 6-year period in Cambridgeshire, for a mixed @entity3 . METHOD: A population-based study of FEP (ICD-10, F10-39) in @entity0 aged 17-35 years referred between 2002 and 2007; the denominator was estimated from mid-year census statistics. Sociodemographic variation was explored by Poisson regression. Crude and directly standardized rates (for age, sex and ethnicity) were compared with pre-EIS rates from two major epidemiological FEP studies conducted in urban English settings. RESULTS: A total of 285 cases met FEP diagnoses in CAMEO, yielding a crude incidence of 50 per 100 000 @entity0 -years [95% confidence interval (CI) 44.5-56.2]. Age- and sex-adjusted rates were raised for @entity0 from black ethnic groups compared with the white British [incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-3.8]. Rates in our EIS were comparable with pre-EIS rates observed in more urban areas after age, sex and ethnicity standardization. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the incidence observed in EIS is far higher than originally anticipated and is comparable to rates observed in more urban settings prior to the advent of EIS. Sociodemographic variation due to ethnicity and other factors extend beyond urban populations. Our results have implications for @entity2 aetiology and service planning.

title: Administrative incidence of XXXX assessed in an early intervention service in England: first epidemiological evidence from a diverse, rural and urban setting.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is increasing evidence to support the use of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) in the management of local anaesthetic systemic @entity1 (LAST) and non-local anaesthetic lipophilic-drug @entity3 . This trend is supported by the Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland's latest guidelines on LAST treatment. Similar national guidelines have yet to be introduced in Denmark. The aim of the present study was to study the adoption of lipid rescue therapy in Denmark. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All Danish hospitals with an attending anaesthesiologist (no. 38) were contacted by phone. A total of 34 attending anaesthesiologists ( @entity2 ) participated in the systematic telephone survey. RESULTS: A total of 22 (65%) of the AAs were aware of use of ILE in the management of LAST. One (3%) had knowledge of ILE treatment for non-local anaesthetic-drug @entity3 . Eight (24%) had access to local guidelines on lipid rescue therapy. The same eight AAs also knew where to find ILE. None of the hospitals lacking guidelines had taken an active stand against the treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with toxic reactions who could potentially benefit from ILE will not be offered lipid rescue therapy in 26 of 34 hospitals (76%)--either because the AA is not aware of this treatment modality, or due to absence of either guidelines or ILE. To improve the availability of lipid rescue therapy, more hospitals need to develop emergency packs containing ILE and guidelines. Introduction of national guidelines on lipid rescue therapy would probably accelerate this process.

title: Limited knowledge of lipid rescue therapy in local anaesthetic systemic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the potential for using mHealth in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) management in Kerala by exploring: (1) experiences and challenges of current @entity1 management; (2) current mobile phone use; (3) expectations of and barriers to mobile phone use in @entity1 management. DESIGN: Qualitative, semistructured, individual interviews. SETTING: 5 primary health centres in Ernakulam district, Kerala, India. @entity0 : 15 @entity0 in total from 3 stakeholder groups: 5 @entity0 with @entity1 and/or its risk factors, 5 physicians treating @entity1 and 5 Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs). @entity0 were sampled for maximum variation on the basis of age, sex, @entity1 diagnoses and risk factors. All @entity0 had access to a mobile phone. RESULTS: The main themes identified relating to the current challenges of @entity1 were poor @entity0 disease knowledge, difficulties in implementing primary prevention and poor @entity0 lifestyles. @entity0 noted phone calls as the main function of current mobile phone use. The expectations of mHealth use are to: improve accessibility to healthcare knowledge; provide reminders of appointments, medication and lifestyle changes; save time, money and travel; and improve ASHA job efficacy. All perceived barriers to mHealth were noted within physician interviews. These included fears of mobile phones negatively affecting physicians' roles, the usability of mobile phones, radiation and the need for physical consultations. CONCLUSIONS: There are three main potential uses of mHealth in this population: (1) as an educational tool, to improve health education and lifestyle behaviours; (2) to optimise the use of limited resources, by overcoming geographical barriers and financial constraints; (3) to improve use of healthcare, by providing appointment and treatment reminders in order to improve disease prevention and management. Successful mHealth design, which takes barriers into account, may complement current practice and optimise use of limited resources.

title: Potential for the use of mHealth in the management of XXXX in Kerala: a qualitative study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Delayed neutrophil apoptosis has been implicated as the mechanism of the systemic inflammatory response. Herein, we examined the effect of @entity4 on the neutrophil apoptosis in @entity1 and reperfusion of the @entity0 liver. We studied seven @entity0 receiving elective hepatectomy for @entity2 and ten @entity0 receiving laparoscopic cholecystectomy for @entity5 . Ten milli liters of blood was drawn isolation and incubation of the @entity0 neutrophils. Neutrophil apoptosis activity and @entity3 expression and respiratory burst activity were assessed flow cytometrically. Another group of neutrophils included those from the @entity0 receiving hepatectomy and isolated and incubated with @entity4 . Neutrophil apoptosis is delayed from @entity0 after hepatectomy or laparoscopic cholecystectomy when compared with that of the preoperative state. The decrease in the apoptosis activity is more severe in @entity0 receiving hepatectomy as compared with those receiving laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Neutrophils from @entity0 receiving hepatectomy or laparoscopic cholecystectomy are functionally activated. @entity4 can reverse the delayed process and enhance the apoptosis activity in neutrophils from @entity0 receiving hepatectomy. This study demonstrates that @entity4 enhances neutrophil apoptosis in @entity0 receiving hepatectomy involving @entity1 and reperfusion of the @entity0 liver.

title: Altered neutrophil apoptosis activity is reversed by XXXX in liver ischemia-reperfusion.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Two @entity0 are described with intractable, drug-resistant @entity1 from birth associated with an enlarged cerebral hemisphere. The first died at sixteen months and demonstrated arrested head growth. Histology of the abnormal hemisphere showed disturbed cortical architecture, and @entity3 with multinucleate cells resembling @entity2 cells. Continuous fitting persisted in the second @entity0 following callosal section. Hemispherectomy was undertaken in an attempt to preserve function of the "normal" hemisphere. @entity1 ceased and head growth velocity accelerated. The neuropathology of the excised hemisphere is compared with the first case. From the literature this is the first report of a favourable outcome after hemispherectomy for @entity4 . The finding of an echodense enlarged hemisphere may allow presumption of this diagnosis in a neonate with unilateral @entity1 . After CT scan the diagnosis may be confirmed histologically providing that a precisely orientated frontal biopsy is submitted to the neuropathologist. We suggest that very early hemispherectomy may be the treatment of choice for this condition.

title: XXXX --a case for hemispherectomy?

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Different surgical techniques exist for the treatment of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), of which minimally invasive techniques have become the standard. We reviewed our experience with management and treatment of @entity1 and sought to determine what type of treatment is most effective and efficient. We selected @entity0 who underwent treatment for @entity1 between January 2004 and January 2014 at our tertiary referral center. All procedures were performed by ENT surgeons. The medical records were reviewed for pre- and intraoperative characteristics and follow-up. Of our 94 @entity0 (58 male, 36 female), 75 underwent endoscopic cricopharyngeal myotomy (42 stapler, 33 laser) and 6 received treatment via transcervical approach. 13 interventions were aborted. Mean operating time was 49.0  min for stapler, 68.3 for laser and 124.0 for the transcervical approach. Its respective median post-operative admission durations were 2.0, 3.0 and 3.0  days. After the first treatment, of the 75 endoscopic procedures, 45 @entity0 (23 stapler, 22 laser) had complete symptom resolution. In the transcervical group 4 (67  %) @entity0 were symptom free and one @entity0 died of complications. In the endoscopically treated @entity0 , ten complications occurred, of which 8 G1 and 2 G2 (Clavien Dindo classification). In the transcervical group 2 complications occurred, 1 G3b and 1 G5. Both endoscopic techniques provide efficient management of @entity1 with the stapler-assisted modality providing a shorter surgery duration and hospital admission. Although there is no significant difference in terms of complications or recurrence rates for both endoscopic techniques, it seems that stapler @entity0 are at higher risk of having a re-intervention and of having more severe complications.

title: XXXX : Rotterdam experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pyriform sinus @entity2 are an unusual cause of neck @entity3 in neonates. A definitive diagnosis requires detection of the @entity2 , which originates from the pyriform sinus and extends to the @entity3 . Sonography has been reported to be useful for detecting @entity2 . However, there have been no reports of neonatal cases in which sonography could detect @entity2 not detected by other modalities, such as barium esophagography, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We describe five neonatal @entity0 with @entity1 -appearing cervical @entity3 . All @entity0 were examined by sonography; of these, three @entity0 were also examined by barium esophagography, two by CT, and one by MRI. The @entity2 was detected by sonography but not CT in one @entity0 and by @entity4 esophagography but not MRI in one. Two @entity0 whose @entity2 were detected by sonography had an oval-shaped and relatively small @entity3 . One @entity0 whose @entity2 could be detected only by barium esophagography had a relatively large @entity3 . In two @entity0 , whose @entity2 were not detected by sonography or barium esophagography, sonography revealed air bubbles within the @entity3 , and a @entity1 was suspected. Without requiring ionizing radiation, sonography was thus useful in diagnosing @entity1 -appearing cervical @entity3 in neonatal cases. On the other hand, in two @entity0 whose @entity2 were not detected by sonography, the shape of the @entity3 was polygonal or multicystic. In two of three @entity0 with infectious signs, a @entity2 could not be detected. The shape and size of the @entity3 and the presence of infectious signs may be important factors for detecting @entity2 .

title: Five neonatal cases of XXXX with cervical @entity3 : a comparison between sonography and other modalities.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Pyriform sinus @entity2 are an unusual cause of neck @entity3 in neonates. A definitive diagnosis requires detection of the @entity2 , which originates from the pyriform sinus and extends to the @entity3 . Sonography has been reported to be useful for detecting @entity2 . However, there have been no reports of neonatal cases in which sonography could detect @entity2 not detected by other modalities, such as barium esophagography, computed tomography (CT), or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We describe five neonatal @entity0 with @entity1 -appearing cervical @entity3 . All @entity0 were examined by sonography; of these, three @entity0 were also examined by barium esophagography, two by CT, and one by MRI. The @entity2 was detected by sonography but not CT in one @entity0 and by @entity4 esophagography but not MRI in one. Two @entity0 whose @entity2 were detected by sonography had an oval-shaped and relatively small @entity3 . One @entity0 whose @entity2 could be detected only by barium esophagography had a relatively large @entity3 . In two @entity0 , whose @entity2 were not detected by sonography or barium esophagography, sonography revealed air bubbles within the @entity3 , and a @entity1 was suspected. Without requiring ionizing radiation, sonography was thus useful in diagnosing @entity1 -appearing cervical @entity3 in neonatal cases. On the other hand, in two @entity0 whose @entity2 were not detected by sonography, the shape of the @entity3 was polygonal or multicystic. In two of three @entity0 with infectious signs, a @entity2 could not be detected. The shape and size of the @entity3 and the presence of infectious signs may be important factors for detecting @entity2 .

title: Five neonatal cases of @entity1 with cervical XXXX : a comparison between sonography and other modalities.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To assess if cardiovascular risk (CVR) charts are able to identify the increased risk caused by @entity3 deprivation therapy (ADT) in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. LOCATION: Urban and rural health centres in the province of Ourense. @entity0 : @entity0 diagnosed with @entity2 who had been prescribed treatment for ADT between 2007 and 2008. MAIN MEASURES: Age, residence (rural/urban), staging (Gleason), diagnostic procedure and, at the beginning and end of follow-up, lipid profile, blood pressure, diagnosis of @entity1 , smoking, use of antihypertensive and lipid-lowering drugs, and Framingham calibrated and ATP III indexes, were determined. Cardiovascular events were recorded during the follow-up. Each @entity0 was his own control. Increasing age was not used in the calculation of the scores at the end of the follow up period. The scores were compared using the t-test for paired samples (SPSS 15.0). RESULTS: A total of 209 cases were included. The mean (SD) age was 73.8 (8.0) years, with 64.6% of urban cases. The scores at baseline and at 12 months of follow-up were: Framingham 9.0 (4.6) and 9.2 (4.8) (P=0.5), @entity4 III 14.2 (1.7) and 14.2 (1.7) (P=0.9). CONCLUSION: CVR charts do not assess the increased risk associated with @entity3 deprivation therapy in @entity2 .

title: [ XXXX , antiandrogen treatment and cardiovascular risk].

answer: @entity2