abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the long-term outcome after intramedullary nailing of femoral diaphysial fractures measured as disease-specific @entity0 reported function, walking ability, muscle strength, @entity1 and quality of life (QOL). METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Retrospective review and follow-up with clinical examination of 48 @entity0 treated with intramedullary nailing after femoral shaft @entity2 between 2007 and 2010. The @entity0 underwent a clinical examination and assessment of walking ability, maximal muscle strength during knee flexion and extension and hip abduction. @entity4 and @entity3 Outcome Score (HOOS) and questionnaire evaluating QOL (Eq5D-5L) were completed by @entity0 . RESULTS: Fourty-eight @entity0 agreed to participate. Mean time for follow-up was 4.7  years. The mean HOOS scores were 84.9 ( @entity1 ), 86.6 (ADL), 85.0 (Symptoms), 72.6 (QOL), and 69.1 (Sport). The mean muscle strength of knee flexion with the injured leg (226.0  N) was significantly lower then knee flexion with the non-injured leg (259.5  N, P  <  0.0001). Likewise for knee extension (335.2 vs 406.4  N, P  <  0.001) and hip abduction (129.2 vs 156.0  N, P  <  0.001). Significant association between HOOS and an increase in the difference in muscle strength were observed as well as between worse HOOS outcome and increasing body mass index. CONCLUSION: This study showed that decreased muscle strength for knee flexion, knee extension and hip abduction was associated with worse long-term functional outcome measured with a disease-specific questionnaire (HOOS) after intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft @entity2 .

title: Decreased muscle strength is associated with impaired long-term functional outcome after intramedullary nailing of femoral shaft XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Studies comparing @entity6 ( @entity6 ) vs. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) for distal tibia shaft @entity3 focus upon closed injuries containing small @entity0 series with open @entity3 . As such, complication rates for open @entity3 are unknown. To characterize complications associated with @entity6 vs. @entity7 , we compared complications based on surgical approach in a large @entity0 series of open distal tibia shaft @entity3 . METHODS: Through retrospective analysis at an urban level I @entity1 center, 180 @entity7 and 36 @entity6 @entity0 with open distal tibia @entity3 from 2002 to 2012 were evaluated. @entity0 charts were reviewed to identify @entity0 demographics, @entity3 grade (G), @entity0 comorbidities, and postoperative complications including nonunion, malunion, @entity5 , hardware-related @entity2 , and wound dehiscence. Fisher's exact tests compared complications between @entity6 and @entity7 groups. Multivariate regression identified risk factors with statistical significance for the development of a @entity4 . RESULTS: One hundred and eighty @entity7 (G1 22, G2 79, and G3 79) and 36 @entity6 (G1 10, G2 16, and G3 10) @entity0 were included for analysis. @entity6 @entity0 had a higher rate of nonunion (25.0  %, n  =  9) compared with @entity7 @entity0 (10.6  %, n  =  20, p  =  0.03). No additional complication had a significant statistical difference between groups. Multivariable analysis shows only surgical method influenced the development of complications: @entity6 @entity0 had 2.52 greater odds of developing complications compared with @entity7 @entity0 (95  % CI 1.05-6.02; p  =  0.04). CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 leads to higher rates of nonunion and significantly increases the odds of developing a complication compared with @entity7 for open distal tibia @entity3 . This is the first study investigating complication rates based on surgical approach in a large cohort of @entity0 with exclusively open distal tibia @entity3 .

title: Open distal tibial shaft XXXX : a retrospective comparison of medial plate versus nail fixation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Stellate @entity2 is usually performed with the classic anterior paratracheal approach. The anatomy of the stellate ganglion being in close proximity to various critical structures renders a number of complications, which are potentially associated with its blockade. The aim of this study was to assess the analgesic efficacy and safety of a new approach of the stellate @entity2 using an oblique fluoroscopic view. METHODS: Fifty @entity0 with @entity1 were randomly allocated into 1 of 2 groups: the anterior paratracheal stellate block group and the oblique fluoroscopic stellate block group. Four blocks were performed for each @entity0 using the same approach each time. The results were evaluated in terms of @entity1 intensity as assessed by the visual analog scale score, @entity3 consumption, and @entity4 surface area (in cm). @entity0 satisfaction score (PSS), skin temperature, side effects, and complications were recorded and compared between the 2 studied groups after each block had been performed. RESULTS: The mean visual analog scale score, daily @entity3 consumption, and areas of @entity4 were significantly decreased and the PSS was significantly increased after each block and for up to 3 months after the last block in both the groups. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups at the same study period apart from PSS, which was statistically more significant in group oblique at certain times. The incidences of side effects were significantly more in group classic than in group oblique. CONCLUSIONS: The oblique fluoroscopic approach of the stellate @entity2 is as effective as the anterior paratracheal approach but is safer and more satisfactory to the @entity0 .

title: @entity2 for postmastectomy XXXX : a comparison of the classic anterior approach and the oblique approach.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Stellate @entity2 is usually performed with the classic anterior paratracheal approach. The anatomy of the stellate ganglion being in close proximity to various critical structures renders a number of complications, which are potentially associated with its blockade. The aim of this study was to assess the analgesic efficacy and safety of a new approach of the stellate @entity2 using an oblique fluoroscopic view. METHODS: Fifty @entity0 with @entity1 were randomly allocated into 1 of 2 groups: the anterior paratracheal stellate block group and the oblique fluoroscopic stellate block group. Four blocks were performed for each @entity0 using the same approach each time. The results were evaluated in terms of @entity1 intensity as assessed by the visual analog scale score, @entity3 consumption, and @entity4 surface area (in cm). @entity0 satisfaction score (PSS), skin temperature, side effects, and complications were recorded and compared between the 2 studied groups after each block had been performed. RESULTS: The mean visual analog scale score, daily @entity3 consumption, and areas of @entity4 were significantly decreased and the PSS was significantly increased after each block and for up to 3 months after the last block in both the groups. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the 2 groups at the same study period apart from PSS, which was statistically more significant in group oblique at certain times. The incidences of side effects were significantly more in group classic than in group oblique. CONCLUSIONS: The oblique fluoroscopic approach of the stellate @entity2 is as effective as the anterior paratracheal approach but is safer and more satisfactory to the @entity0 .

title: XXXX for postmastectomy @entity1 : a comparison of the classic anterior approach and the oblique approach.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Increasing positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is advocated to recruit alveoli during high-frequency jet ventilation (HFJV), but its effect on cardiopulmonary physiology and @entity2 is poorly documented. We hypothesized that high PEEP would recruit alveoli and @entity2 but compromise pulmonary blood flow (PBF). Preterm @entity3 of anesthetized ewes were instrumented, intubated, and delivered by cesarean section after instillation of surfactant. HFJV was commenced with a PEEP of 5 cm @entity4 . @entity3 were allocated randomly at delivery to remain on constant PEEP (PEEPconst, n = 6) or to recruitment via stepwise adjustments in PEEP (PEEPadj, n = 6) to 12 cm @entity4 then back to 8 cm @entity4 over the initial 60 min. PBF was measured continuously while ventilatory parameters and arterial blood gases were measured at intervals. At postmortem, in situ pressure-volume deflation curves were recorded, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue were obtained to assess @entity1 . PEEPadj @entity3 had lower pressure amplitude, fractional inspired @entity0 concentration, oxygenation index, and PBF and more compliant lungs. Inflammatory markers were lower in the PEEPadj group. Adjusted PEEP during HFJV improves oxygenation and lung compliance and reduces ventilator requirements despite reducing pulmonary perfusion.

title: High positive end-expiratory pressure during high-frequency jet ventilation improves oxygenation and ventilation in preterm XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report and review of the literature. OBJECTIVE: We report a case of @entity1 with a delayed diagnosis. The @entity0 's first presentation in our pediatric orthopedics department was 2 month after surgery (cochlea implantation) with a persistent torticollis. Radiographs revealed a subluxated @entity3 . We treated our @entity0 with manual repositioning and calculated antibiotics, which lead to a restitutio ad integrum within a short time. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1 is synonymous with rare nontraumatic, rotational subluxation of the @entity3 (C1-C2). All formerly reported cases showed a clear association to @entity2 or were related to head and neck surgery. Still, there is a lack of understanding about pathogenetic features and causative agents. In 1977 Fielding proposed a classification of the @entity3 and stage-related therapy was recommended. METHODS: Our @entity0 was a 11-year-old @entity0 with a torticollis after insertion of a cochlea implant. After surgery, physiotherapy was performed because of her wryneck. As the symptoms did not improve, she was presented in our clinic. Our radiographs revealed a subluxated @entity3 . RESULTS: In general anesthesia we performed a manual repositioning and she was temporarily immobilized with a cervical collar for 2 weeks. In addition, we administered calculated antibiotics, although CRP and leukocytes were not elevated. The follow up showed a good repositioning within a short time. CONCLUSION: At least in this case, our treatment led to shorter recovery and avoidance of halo fixation. Our new therapeutic approach to @entity0 with @entity1 might lead to a shorter recovery.

title: Nontraumatic subluxation of the atlanto-axial joint as rare form of acquired torticollis: diagnosis and clinical features of the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Appropriate use of adjuvant chemotherapy is a widely recognized quality measure of @entity2 care. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that surgical complications are associated with omission of chemotherapy for @entity2 . METHODS: We used the 1998 to 2005 Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare database to study adjuvant chemotherapy use among @entity0 with @entity2 who underwent surgical resection. Chemotherapy use was compared between @entity0 with and without complications. Univariate analyses and multiple logistic regression were used to test the association between complications and chemotherapy omission, while adjusting for demographics, comorbidity, and other factors. Associations between complications and time to chemotherapy were also studied. RESULTS: We identified 17,108 eligible @entity0 with @entity2 (median age, 75 y; 24% rectal/rectosigmoid). Using a parsimonious list of complication codes, 18% of @entity0 had >=  1 complication. Thirteen percent of @entity0 had medical complications and 3.8% of @entity0 had complications requiring reoperation or another procedure. Adjuvant chemotherapy was omitted among 46% of @entity0 with complications, compared with 31% of @entity0 with no complications (P < .0001). Having a complication was independently associated with omission of chemotherapy in multivariable analysis (adjusted OR, 1.76; 95% CI 1.59-1.95). Other factors significantly associated with chemotherapy omission were age, race, marital status, urgent/emergent admission, and type of operation. Risk ratios increase with multiple complications (P < .0001). Complications were also associated with an increased risk of chemotherapy delay (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical complications are independently associated with omission of chemotherapy for @entity2 and with a delay in adjuvant chemotherapy. These data suggest that complications of colorectal surgery may affect both short- and long-term @entity1 outcomes. Thus, the implementation of quality improvement measures that effectively reduce perioperative complications may also provide a long-term @entity1 survival benefit.

title: Surgical complications are associated with omission of chemotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Cryosurgery has been recommended for the treatment of cutaneous @entity0 , including benign and malignant @entity0 . The main side effect of this treatment is pigment disruption which may be prolonged. There are no quantitative studies on melanocyte distribution after freeze injury. In this study the effect of standardized freeze times on melanocytes in @entity1 skin (tricolored) is described at the anatomic level and at the light and electron microscopic level. Melanocytes are quantified in epidermal sheets following dopa staining at 1-, 2-, and 3-month intervals after freezing. All the lesions were @entity3 with a peripheral rim of @entity2 . This was a transient phenomenon associated with an absence of melanocytes. Pigment migrated into the lesions so that after 3 months all the lesions on black skin were diffusely hyperpigmented. Pigment was slower to return to the red skin. Hair follicles were destroyed in the center of the lesion. The epidermal sheets demonstrated that the @entity2 was an epidermal phenomenon and was associated with increased numbers of melanocytes (p less than 0.001). These melanocytes were distributed evenly throughout the lesion in contrast to the irregular distribution in normal skin.

title: Pigment change and melanocyte distribution in XXXX skin after cutaneous freeze injury.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. In @entity0 , two-kidney, one-clip @entity4 was induced, and the drinking behaviour as well as total fluid and @entity2 intake were studied before and for 16 days after the operation. 2. When water alone was offered as drinking fluid, the blood pressure reached values that were by about 20 mmHg higher than those in the @entity0 which had free choice of drinking water or 2% saline. 3. In those @entity0 which had water and 2% saline to drink, the total @entity2 and fluid intake rose transiently for three days, as compared with that of the sham-operated controls, and increased steeply starting from the 7th and 10th day, respectively. When a @entity3 was induced, the pressure rose more rapidly, and the total fluid and @entity2 intake increased continuously after the operation until the end of the experiment. 4. A positive correlation was demonstrable between the height of blood pressure and the total daily intake of fluid and @entity2 , respectively. 5. The relation between the total daily fluid and the total daily @entity2 intake followed a straight regression line. 6. The @entity1 @entity0 which had a high total @entity2 intake responded to the withdrawal of the 2% saline solution, within 2 days, with increased water intake, decreased food intake, and loss of body weight, whereas the blood pressure remained high. 7. In the two-kidney, one-clip @entity1 , no 'critical level of blood pressure' can be defined, beyond which the contralateral kidney starts to lose @entity2 .

title: Fluid and salt intake during the development of XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. In @entity0 , two-kidney, one-clip @entity4 was induced, and the drinking behaviour as well as total fluid and @entity2 intake were studied before and for 16 days after the operation. 2. When water alone was offered as drinking fluid, the blood pressure reached values that were by about 20 mmHg higher than those in the @entity0 which had free choice of drinking water or 2% saline. 3. In those @entity0 which had water and 2% saline to drink, the total @entity2 and fluid intake rose transiently for three days, as compared with that of the sham-operated controls, and increased steeply starting from the 7th and 10th day, respectively. When a @entity3 was induced, the pressure rose more rapidly, and the total fluid and @entity2 intake increased continuously after the operation until the end of the experiment. 4. A positive correlation was demonstrable between the height of blood pressure and the total daily intake of fluid and @entity2 , respectively. 5. The relation between the total daily fluid and the total daily @entity2 intake followed a straight regression line. 6. The @entity1 @entity0 which had a high total @entity2 intake responded to the withdrawal of the 2% saline solution, within 2 days, with increased water intake, decreased food intake, and loss of body weight, whereas the blood pressure remained high. 7. In the two-kidney, one-clip @entity1 , no 'critical level of blood pressure' can be defined, beyond which the contralateral kidney starts to lose @entity2 .

title: Fluid and salt intake during the development of @entity4 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Early diagnosis of @entity4 is essential to prevent severe @entity1 . The accuracy of thermographic examination of the spine in the detection of minor degrees of curvature has been assessed in 125 asymptomatic young @entity0 mean age 13.4 +/- 0.8 years who were also examined clinically and by spinal X-ray. Assessment of thermograms selected at random from the group of 154 young subjects showed that thermography has a sensitivity of 98.2% and a specificity of 91.0% in the identification of @entity5 when compared with radiography. Thermographic examination of the spine is simple, noninvasive and provides a permanent recording which is easily interpreted. It may provide an ideal method for use in large-scale prospective surveys. The criteria used to detect the thermographic abnormality associated with @entity6 was derived from the spinal thermograms of 29 @entity0 , mean age 10.25 +/- 4.65 years with known @entity5 , mean angle of curve 27 degrees +/- 12 degrees. In contrast to the thermal symmetry of the normal spine, all the thermograms of these @entity0 show asymmetry, characteristically an increase in thermal emission on the concave aspect of the curve. Eight of the 16 @entity0 with @entity5 with minor curves and a characteristic thermogram were not detected clinically. There were 25 asymmetrical thermograms in the asymptomatic group. Three of these @entity0 had a simple postural defect, 5 had dorsal @entity3 and 16 had @entity6 . @entity2 and @entity3 were readily recognized on clinical examination and did not produce the characteristic scoliotic thermogram.

title: Identifying XXXX in the adolescent with thermography: a preliminary study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In 36 @entity0 treated for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of the elbow, ankle and hip during a period of 20 years in the same hospital, @entity1 seems to have been the main etiologic factor in about half of the @entity0 . The first symptoms of the lesions occurred when the @entity0 were between 15 and 20 years of age. @entity3 was seen in 19 @entity0 . @entity3 in the ankle occurred in 6 @entity0 and 5 @entity0 . @entity3 in the hip appeared in 5 @entity0 and one @entity0 . The first symptoms were @entity2 and restriction of joint movement. Conservative treatment was satisfactory for about one-half of the @entity0 . When operative treatment was indicated, extirpation of loose bodies or loosening fragments was the treatment of choice in @entity3 of the elbow and ankle. Fixation of the fragment gave satistfactory results in some cases of @entity3 of the hip. Late results were excellent in only about one-half of the @entity0 . Osteoarthritic changes appeared in the hip, elbow, ankle, in order of decreasing frequency.

title: XXXX , ankle and hip: a comparison survey.

answer: @entity3


abstract: During eye development in the @entity8 ( @entity8 Shaw), morphogenetic movements bring together tissues from @entity1 , @entity7 . The stages 0 to 14 of @entity8 eye development were expanded from Rabl's (1898) stages 1 to 10 and correlated with @entity0 . At the onset of neurulation (stage 13 of Harrison), the @entity1 is already determined to form skin, and the neuroectoderm is committed to form brain, because these tissues develop autonomously in 60% Leibovitz L-15 culture medium. However, a sequence of mutual tissue interactions is necessary to stimulate eye development. When @entity1 and neuroectoderm were cocultured, eyes developed, containing retinas with photoreceptors (stage 8) and lenses with secondary lens fibres (stage 8). The first event needed in this case appears to be the secretion of a growth factor from the @entity1 which stimulates retina development from the neuroectoderm. When neuroectoderm cultures were exposed to nondialysable extracts (30 micrograms ml-1) of an adult epidermis derivative, the @entity4 @entity3 , @entity6 (stage 6) and at higher concentrations (3000 micrograms ml-1) neural retinas developed (stage 6). In turn, lens formation is stimulated in the @entity1 by a retina-derived growth factor. A mutation that causes adult eyelessness (e eyeless, nonlethal, recessive) affects the earliest event in eye development (stage 1a), while a mutation that causes @entity5 development (mi microphthalmic, lethal, recessive) acts in a later event (stage 8). Two possibilities have been considered in the case of mutation e: either the @entity1 does not secrete sufficient amounts of active growth factor, or the presumptive retina itself is defective. The latter statement turned out to be correct, because mutant e neural plates rarely developed early retina stages (stage 5) in organ culture when combined with wild-type @entity1 . On the other hand, wild-type neural plates formed advanced retinas (stage 8) in all cases when combined with mutant e @entity1 . As expected, no retina or lens developed when both neural plate and @entity1 were from mutant e donors. The heterozygous presence of genes e and r ( @entity2 , lethal, recessive) produces duplications of the presumptive retina at the optic stalk. This observation is consistent with the notion that the mutation e, assisted by the r locus, causes a primary failure in the presumptive retinal region.

title: XXXX retina and lens development: mutual tissue stimulation and autonomous failure in the eyeless mutant retina.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Primary @entity0 treatment is determined by @entity2 factors and by @entity1 preference. @entity0 treatments that preserve the cosmetic appearance of the breast are appealing and effective for appropriately selected @entity1 ; long-term survival following @entity2 excision and breast irradiation appears to be comparable to that for mastectomy. Since April 1981, when a protocol was developed and treatment options were offered, factors influencing treatment selection have been analyzed in 206 consecutive primary @entity0 @entity1 . Mastectomy was dictated by @entity2 -related factors in 96 @entity1 (47%); 110 @entity1 (53%) had the option of mastectomy or conservation-- @entity2 excision plus radiotherapy to the breast. Among these 110 eligible @entity1 , 54 chose conservation (49%) and 56 chose mastectomy (51%). Intraoperative findings for ten @entity1 electing conservation necessitated mastectomy, so conservation was accomplished for 44 (21%) of those treated for @entity0 . Beginning in July 1982, @entity0 @entity1 took a battery of psychosexual assessments before any operation (Profile of Mood States [POMS], Health Locus of Control Scale [HLCS] Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test [MAT], Psychosocial Adjustment to Illness Scale [PAIS], Derogatis Sexual Function Inventory [DSFI], Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory [MCMI], and a @entity0 Information Test [BCIT]). Comparisons of psychologic and demographic variables were made between @entity1 who chose mastectomy and those who chose conservation. No demographic variable was statistically significantly related to choice, although older @entity1 tended to select mastectomy more than younger @entity1 . Compared with those who elected conservation, @entity1 who elected mastectomy were more tense and anxious (P less than .01), more introverted (P less than .01), felt more depressed and dejected (P less than .05), and reported more sexual problems (P less than .05). Those who elected conservation valued their physical appearance more highly (P less than .01) and were generally more self-interested (P less than .05). Mastectomy was dictated by medical considerations for approximately half of @entity1 with @entity0 . Among candidates for breast conservation, the importance of retaining the breast appeared to be determined to a significant degree by measurable psychological factors.

title: Factors influencing options in primary XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We used the model of one-stage uninephrectomy and contralateral heminephrectomy to study the effect of protein restriction on growth and renal function in young (starting age 21 d) female @entity0 . Normal, sham-operated, pair-fed, and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 were fed a 6, 14 or 22% protein (casein) diet. Diets were otherwise isoenergetic and equivalent in @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity8 , @entity7 and @entity1 . Weight, length, urinary protein and @entity5 clearances were measured up to 6 mo of age. Regardless of group (normal, sham or @entity2 ), animals fed a 6% protein diet weighed less and were shorter than animals fed 14 or 22% protein diets. No difference in growth could be found between 14 and 22% protein intake. However, animals with @entity2 fed 22% protein diet had a shorter survival time than animals fed 14 or 6% protein diets. Six percent protein intake led to a lower growth rate over the first 10-12 wk of age than 14 or 22% protein intake. We conclude that 14% protein intake in @entity0 with @entity2 maintains normal growth and improves survival over 22% protein intake. @entity0 with @entity2 fed a 6% protein diet have improved survival compared to @entity0 fed a 22% protein diet but suffer @entity3 .

title: Beneficial effect of moderate protein restriction on growth, renal function and survival in young XXXX with chronic renal failure.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 is the leading cause of @entity2 in @entity0 . In @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in particular, the question has been raised whether specific characteristics of @entity0 confer a worse prognosis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the differences in @entity4 @entity0 between the genders in cardiovascular risk profile, clinical presentation, therapeutic approach and in-hospital and 6-month mortality rates. METHODS: We analyzed 1578 @entity0 admitted consecutively with @entity4 during a 7-year period (from January 13, 2002 to December 31, 2008). The @entity0 were divided into two groups according to gender, and compared in terms of baseline clinical and demographic characteristics, pre-hospital and in-hospital delay, clinical presentation on admission, reperfusion therapy, severity of @entity3 and in-hospital and 6-month mortality. RESULTS: Of the 1578 @entity0 , 26% were female. @entity0 were older (by 8 years), and had a higher cardiovascular risk profile. On admission, their clinical presentation was more severe, with a higher frequency of @entity4 and @entity5 . @entity0 had longer ischemic times and lower rates of reperfusion therapy. Mortality in @entity0 was significantly higher than in @entity0 , both in-hospital (17.5 vs. 5.3%) and at 6 months (23.5% vs. 8.2%). After adjustment in multivariate analysis, mortality in @entity0 remained higher. CONCLUSIONS: The adverse demographic and clinical profile could partially explain the worse prognosis of @entity4 in @entity0 . This, together with longer pre-hospital delays, led to underuse of reperfusion therapy. Even so, female gender by itself had a negative and independent influence on mortality in @entity4 @entity0 .

title: Female gender: an independent factor in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study investigates the effect of a modest @entity3 either by a calorie restricted diet or mainly by increased physical exercise on health related quality of life (HRQoL) in overweight-to- @entity2 and inactive postmenopausal @entity1 . We hypothesize that HRQoL improves with @entity3 , and that exercise-induced @entity3 is more effective for this than diet-induced @entity3 . METHODS: The SHAPE-2 trial was primarily designed to evaluate any additional effect of @entity3 by exercise compared with a comparable amount of @entity3 by diet on biomarkers relevant for @entity0 risk. In the present analysis we focus on HRQoL. We randomly assigned 243 eligible @entity1 to a diet (n = 97), exercise (n = 98), or control group (n = 48). Both interventions aimed for 5-6 kg @entity3 . HRQoL was measured at baseline and after 16 weeks by the SF-36 questionnaire. RESULTS: Data of 214 @entity1 were available for analysis. Weight loss was 4.9 kg (6.1%) and 5.5 kg (6.9%) with diet and exercise, respectively. Scores of the SF-36 domain 'health change' increased significantly by 8.8 points (95% CI 1.6;16.1) with diet, and by 20.5 points (95% CI 13.2;27.7) with exercise when compared with control. Direct comparison of diet and exercise showed a statistically significantly stronger improvement with exercise. Both intervention groups showed a tendency towards improvements in most other domains, which were more pronounced in the exercise group, but not statistically different from control or each other. CONCLUSION: In a randomized trial in overweight-to- @entity2 and inactive postmenopausal @entity1 a comparable 6%-7% @entity3 was achieved by diet-only or mainly by exercise and showed improvements in physical and mental HRQoL domains, but results were not statistically significant in either the diet or exercise group. However, a modest @entity3 does lead to a positive change in self-perceived health status. This effect was significantly larger with exercise-induced @entity3 than with comparable diet-induced @entity3 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01511276.

title: Quality of Life after Diet or Exercise-Induced Weight Loss in Overweight to Obese Postmenopausal XXXX : The SHAPE-2 Randomised Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The ambulatory arterial stiff ness index (AASI) is a new method for estimating @entity4 , which is associated with cardiovascular (CV) prognosis. Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic significance of AASI for new CV events. METHODS: Casual and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained in 1200 @entity2 @entity0 (645 female, age 51 +/- 12 years, BMI 27 +/- 5 kg/m2), 53% under stabilized therapy, 47% untreated, all without previous CV events. The occurrence of CV events was determined for 9833 @entity0 -years and analyzed by a Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for confounding variables. AASI was calculated from 24h ABPM data and all @entity0 were classified from very high to average CV risk. RESULTS: There were 62 deaths and 152 new fatal and non-fatal CV events (79 strokes, 51 coronary events, 22 other CV events) during the 15.2 years of follow-up (mean 8.2 +/- 3.0 years). AASI correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with pulse wave velocity ( @entity3 ), casual and 24h ambulatory BP, age and BMI. In subjects with very high or high CV risk (n = 401), AASI was 0.338 +/- 0.178, while in those with low or moderate CV risk (n = 715), it was 0.291 +/- 0.173 and in those with average CV risk (n = 84), it was 0.219 +/- 0.170) (p < 0.002, ANOVA). The probability of event-free and @entity1 -free survival (Kaplan-Meier) was better for AASI values below vs. above the median. The adjusted relative risk (HR 95% CI) for CV events, @entity1 and coronary events associated with a 1-SD increment in AASI values was respectively 1.27 (1.01-1.59), 1.36 (95% CI 1.02-1.89) (p < 0.02) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.67-1.48) (NS), similar to that of 24h pulse pressure (PP) and @entity3 . AASI hazard ratios were no longer significant after additional adjustment for 24h PP, whereas the converse did not occur. However, AASI above the median increases the predictive value of 24h PP for CV events and @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: AASI correlates with @entity3 , stratifies CV risk and predicts total cardiovascular events and @entity1 but not coronary events. AASI may add predictive value to 24h PP for CV events and @entity1 .

title: Prognostic significance of ambulatory @entity4 index in XXXX followed for 8.2 years: its relation with new events and cardiovascular risk estimation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The ambulatory arterial stiff ness index (AASI) is a new method for estimating @entity4 , which is associated with cardiovascular (CV) prognosis. Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic significance of AASI for new CV events. METHODS: Casual and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) measurements were obtained in 1200 @entity2 @entity0 (645 female, age 51 +/- 12 years, BMI 27 +/- 5 kg/m2), 53% under stabilized therapy, 47% untreated, all without previous CV events. The occurrence of CV events was determined for 9833 @entity0 -years and analyzed by a Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for confounding variables. AASI was calculated from 24h ABPM data and all @entity0 were classified from very high to average CV risk. RESULTS: There were 62 deaths and 152 new fatal and non-fatal CV events (79 strokes, 51 coronary events, 22 other CV events) during the 15.2 years of follow-up (mean 8.2 +/- 3.0 years). AASI correlated significantly (p < 0.001) with pulse wave velocity ( @entity3 ), casual and 24h ambulatory BP, age and BMI. In subjects with very high or high CV risk (n = 401), AASI was 0.338 +/- 0.178, while in those with low or moderate CV risk (n = 715), it was 0.291 +/- 0.173 and in those with average CV risk (n = 84), it was 0.219 +/- 0.170) (p < 0.002, ANOVA). The probability of event-free and @entity1 -free survival (Kaplan-Meier) was better for AASI values below vs. above the median. The adjusted relative risk (HR 95% CI) for CV events, @entity1 and coronary events associated with a 1-SD increment in AASI values was respectively 1.27 (1.01-1.59), 1.36 (95% CI 1.02-1.89) (p < 0.02) and 0.99 (95% CI 0.67-1.48) (NS), similar to that of 24h pulse pressure (PP) and @entity3 . AASI hazard ratios were no longer significant after additional adjustment for 24h PP, whereas the converse did not occur. However, AASI above the median increases the predictive value of 24h PP for CV events and @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: AASI correlates with @entity3 , stratifies CV risk and predicts total cardiovascular events and @entity1 but not coronary events. AASI may add predictive value to 24h PP for CV events and @entity1 .

title: Prognostic significance of ambulatory XXXX index in @entity2 followed for 8.2 years: its relation with new events and cardiovascular risk estimation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A young @entity0 with a clinical history characterized by recurrent @entity6 , occurring since early infancy, was referred to our hospital. When the @entity0 was a young @entity0 , she underwent sweat @entity8 test, serum analysis of immunoglobulins, and evaluation of blood lymphocyte subsets; all these diagnostic tests were normal, as well as chest X ray aside from @entity1 episodes. Skin prick tests were positive for several different allergens, and a diagnosis of @entity7 was made. At the age of 11 years, she started to complain of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) symptoms, and a gastroscopy detected a @entity3 with @entity9 . Despite pharmacologic treatments for @entity7 and @entity2 , the @entity0 continued to complain of chronic cough, associated with @entity5 and recurrent @entity6 treated with antibiotic therapy. For the first time in her life, we performed a spirometry that showed a flow-volume curve characterized by a plateau in the expiratory phase, suggestive of an central @entity5 . Bronchoscopy demonstrated a compression of the distal portion of @entity4 . Computed tomography (CT) angiogram revealed a double aortic arch. Barium enhancement evidenced an esophageal compression. A surgical division of the smaller of the two arches was then performed. Therefore, we strongly suggest to perform lung function tests in all cases of unexplained respiratory complaints.

title: Recurrent XXXX caused by a double aortic arch: The  diagnostic role of spirometry.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 reuptake inhibitors were recently reported to possess antimicrobial potentials, potentiate activity of several antibiotics, reverse multidrug resistant phenotypes of bacteria and make them susceptible to previously resistant drugs. We investigated antimicrobial potentials of @entity6 (SR) against ATCC strains, clinical isolates of @entity3 , @entity1 and @entity4 alone and in-combination with seven antibiotics. Antifungal activity was investigated against four fungal strains including @entity7 , @entity0 , @entity8 , and Fusarium solani. Intrinsic antibacterial action and Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) were determined using well assay, nutrient broth and agar dilution techniques. Disk diffusion and nutrient broth methods were used to study bacterial susceptibility to SR. Minimum Fungicidal Concentrations (MFCs) of SR were determined using Sabouraud dextrose Agar (SDA). RESULTS: @entity6 possesses strong intrinsic antibacterial, antifungal activities and has augmented the antibacterial activities of antibiotics. For @entity3 ATCC 6538, @entity9 and @entity4 ATCC 9027, the MICs of SR were 20, 40 and 60   g  ml(-1), respectively, whereas 55.5% clinical isolates of @entity3 and 50% of @entity1 strains were inhibited at 20 and 60   g  ml(-1) of SR, respectively. Among the tested fungi, 60% of A. @entity5 and A. fumigatus were inhibited at 40 and 80   g  ml(-1), respectively. MFCs were 60 and 80   g  ml(-1) for A. flavus and F. solani, respectively. Antibacterial activities of all antibiotics were significantly increased (p   <   0.001) with the addition of SR 100   g  ml(-1) against all tested bacteria. CONCLUSION: Combination study revealed that SR had significantly increased the activity of antibiotics, and some previously resistant strains were made susceptible. Thus antidepressants are potential sources of resistance modifying agents when used in combination.

title: XXXX enhances the activity of antimicrobial agents against pathogens of clinical relevance.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Beta-adrenergic blockers (BB) were developed to treat @entity7 . Trials of BB with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) setting were highly successful in the pre-thrombolytic @entity8 . Subsequently BB proved to be beneficial in post-thrombolytic @entity3 in long-term use. In stable @entity7 BB gives good symptomatic relief primarily by reducing myocardial @entity0 demand. In the set-up of unstable @entity7 /non-ST elevation @entity3 they prevent @entity6 and progression to ST elevation @entity3 . BB have also been shown to retard the progression of @entity5 . In @entity4 ( @entity4 ) they are now the first-line drugs with ACE inhibitors to impart prognostic benefit. Their role in improving outcome of cardiac and non-cardiac surgeries has found good evidence and recommendation. But in the field where BB have scored maximally, ie, in @entity1 , their role is recently debated. But the unchallenged fact remains that in presence of any form of @entity2 , BB are the most preferred class of drugs to treat @entity1 .

title: Beta blockers in @entity2 with and without XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Beta-adrenergic blockers (BB) were developed to treat @entity7 . Trials of BB with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) setting were highly successful in the pre-thrombolytic @entity8 . Subsequently BB proved to be beneficial in post-thrombolytic @entity3 in long-term use. In stable @entity7 BB gives good symptomatic relief primarily by reducing myocardial @entity0 demand. In the set-up of unstable @entity7 /non-ST elevation @entity3 they prevent @entity6 and progression to ST elevation @entity3 . BB have also been shown to retard the progression of @entity5 . In @entity4 ( @entity4 ) they are now the first-line drugs with ACE inhibitors to impart prognostic benefit. Their role in improving outcome of cardiac and non-cardiac surgeries has found good evidence and recommendation. But in the field where BB have scored maximally, ie, in @entity1 , their role is recently debated. But the unchallenged fact remains that in presence of any form of @entity2 , BB are the most preferred class of drugs to treat @entity1 .

title: Beta blockers in XXXX with and without @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: An association between urate @entity3 and @entity7 has been suggested in several studies, but the situation remains ill-defined because of lack of appropriate controls, small numbers of @entity0 studied, or retrospective investigation. An association has also been claimed between @entity3 and @entity6 . 138 @entity0 with @entity3 and 142 non-gouty control subjects were carefully matched for age and x-rays were taken of the knees and pelvis. Chondrocalcinosis of the knees was detected in 8 @entity0 with @entity3 (5.8%), no cases being found in the control group. The difference is significant (P less than 0.025). Deposits were linear or irregular. Six of the 8 @entity0 gave a history of acute @entity5 of the knees; fluid had been aspirated in 2 of them, urate crystals being found in one and no crystals in the other. Six of 8 @entity0 showed evidence of @entity7 elsewhere. No association was apparent between @entity7 and the presence of tophaceous deposits or @entity1 , though the duration of @entity3 appeared to be longer in the @entity0 with @entity7 than in the other @entity3 @entity0 and @entity4 of the knees commoner. There was no evidence of other @entity2 commonly associated with @entity7 . No cases of @entity6 were found.

title: Frequency of @entity7 of the knees and avascular necrosis of the femoral heads in XXXX : a controlled study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: An association between urate @entity3 and @entity7 has been suggested in several studies, but the situation remains ill-defined because of lack of appropriate controls, small numbers of @entity0 studied, or retrospective investigation. An association has also been claimed between @entity3 and @entity6 . 138 @entity0 with @entity3 and 142 non-gouty control subjects were carefully matched for age and x-rays were taken of the knees and pelvis. Chondrocalcinosis of the knees was detected in 8 @entity0 with @entity3 (5.8%), no cases being found in the control group. The difference is significant (P less than 0.025). Deposits were linear or irregular. Six of the 8 @entity0 gave a history of acute @entity5 of the knees; fluid had been aspirated in 2 of them, urate crystals being found in one and no crystals in the other. Six of 8 @entity0 showed evidence of @entity7 elsewhere. No association was apparent between @entity7 and the presence of tophaceous deposits or @entity1 , though the duration of @entity3 appeared to be longer in the @entity0 with @entity7 than in the other @entity3 @entity0 and @entity4 of the knees commoner. There was no evidence of other @entity2 commonly associated with @entity7 . No cases of @entity6 were found.

title: Frequency of XXXX of the knees and avascular necrosis of the femoral heads in @entity3 : a controlled study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 or @entity3 is rarely seen. A case of @entity4 in the right middle fossa was presented with a review of twenty-six cases reported in Japan. A 41-year-old male was admitted to Nippon Medical School hospital with five years history of @entity6 . Neurological examination revealed @entity9 and a slight degree of @entity8 . Craniogram showed a mottled @entity5 without definite @entity2 . EMI scan showed an irregularly shaped high density area, which was not enhanced after contrast media infusion. The bone scintigraphy employing 99mTec-MDP revealed an abnormal uptake in the right orbital region and proved to be a valuable technique for the detection of @entity4 . The @entity1 was subtotally removed by a right frontotemporal craniotomy. Histologically this @entity1 was confirmed to be @entity4 . The @entity0 was discharged about one month after operation and then returned to work.

title: [ XXXX -case report (author's transl)].

answer: @entity7


abstract: The use of gauze swabs in drains or sewers to clarify the path followed by a salmonella from source to @entity0 host has been reviewed in the light of experience gained in Cardiff over 15 years. This period has seen a marked change in attitudes to salmonella epidemiology in that infected food is now regarded as of greater importance than @entity1 . In these 15 years, butchers, abattoirs and knackers' yards, markets and bakehouses have been monitored. In the bakehouse survey the existence of staff @entity1 was demonstrated by sewage examination. Sewage investigation has also been used to show frequent entry of salmonellas into households in a residential estate. The estate was carefully chosen to exclude salmonellas from industrial sources and shops. The frequent finding of @entity1 in this sewage implies that a commonly consumed heavily infected food item is involved. The wide range of serotypes isolated suggests an animal usually fed on infected animal feed. Poultry and @entity2 are put forward as animals liable to spread @entity3 to @entity0 .It is hoped that clarification of the salmonella pathway may eventually lead to measures likely to prevent the transmission of @entity1 to @entity0 . It is also suggested that swabs placed in abattoir drains serve as an economical method of obtaining warning of a persistent build-up of contamination. The persistence of a serotype in an abattoir is not infrequently followed by @entity0 @entity1 .

title: Sewer and drain swabbing as a means of investigating XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: This study has analyzed the relationships between the Type A, or coronary-prone, behavior pattern and several physiological, behavioral and psychosocial characteristics and also has tested whether an increase in @entity2 demands was associated with an increase in students' Type A scores. The Type A behavior pattern, as assessed by the Type A score of the Jenkins Activity Survey, was not related to average blood pressure, variability in blood pressure over a nine-week period, or increases in blood pressure following weeks when the respondent's normal life routine had been disrupted. Students who were more Type A spent more time studying or in classes. Type A students also had higher grade point averages. In contrast, Type A students were not more successful in relationships with the opposite sex nor in social relationships generally. Thus, the Type A behavior pattern appears to contribute to career success, which has traditionally been emphasized for @entity0 , but not to social success of the type that has traditionally been emphasized for @entity0 . Type A @entity0 recalled their fathers as having been more severe, having punished them more often physically, and having made them feel resentful rather than guilty when punished. Type A @entity0 recalled their mothers as having punished them more often physically. These parental behaviors may contribute to the development of anger and @entity1 , which are important components of the Type A behavior pattern. For the students who showed a large change in Type A scores between the beginning and the end of the @entity2 semester, Type A scores increased at the end of the semester. Students with greater evidence of @entity2 pressure showed more increase in Type A scores.

title: Type A behavior pattern: relationship to variation in blood pressure, parental characteristics, and XXXX and social activities of students.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In a prospective, randomised study 40 primigravidae were treated intracervically with 0.05 mg or 0.1 mg @entity4 -Tylose gel in order to soften the cervix prior to first trimester termination of pregnancy. Curettage was performed on the average 7.5 hours after prostaglandin administration. For objective demonstration of the priming effect, the force required for dilatation of the cervical canal was measured in Newtons by a special tonometer before @entity3 application and before operation. The maximal dilatability with a force of 10 N, the increase in dilatability after local PG application, and the patency of the cervix were measured. The occurrence of PG-induced lower @entity2 associated with contractions was analysed with regard to the number of episodes at @entity1 , their timing and the required amount of analgesics. A modified visual analogue scale was used to evaluate the subjective @entity1 experience. The abortive effect of 0.1 mg @entity4 was found to be more efficient than the 0.05 mg dose. There was no statistical significant difference between the two doses, however, for the priming effect detectable with the tonometer. The subjective experience of @entity1 , use of analgesics and the frequency of gastrointestinal side effects were significantly higher with 0.1 mg than with 0.05 mg @entity4 . The visual analogue scale allows the @entity0 to quantify, at least to some extent, her experience of @entity1 , and enables a differentiated analgetic therapy. Because of its effectiveness and low rate of side effects, the intracervical application of 0.05 mg @entity4 gel promises to be an advantageous alternative to other methods of cervical priming.

title: [Cervix priming in induced abortion in the 1st trimester using intracervical administration of XXXX gel].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Direct measurements of coronary venous outflow in a right-heart bypass preparation were used to study the critical closing (CC) and critical @entity5 (CO) phenomena in the anesthetized @entity1 heart. Arterial pressure was lowered rapidly by @entity3 , and CC pressure was the pressure at which coronary flow stopped completely. Shed blood was returned immediately or after 3 min of @entity0 . The pressure at which coronary flow resumed (CO pressure) was measured. Coronary flow stopped at a mean aortic pressure of 14.3 mmHg. Vasodilator drugs and @entity0 lowered CC pressure to 10.5 and 10.2 mmHg, respectively. Aortic pressure of 47.3 mmHg was needed to resume coronary flow following perfusion arrest. A brief period of @entity0 did not significantly change the CO pressure. These results confirm the presence of CC phenomenon in @entity1 heart and show that CC pressure can be altered by @entity0 or vasodilators. It is suggested that the high value of CO pressure may be responsible for @entity2 associated with @entity0 @entity4 during open-heart surgery.

title: Critical closing and critical XXXX phenomena in the coronary vasculature of the @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Direct measurements of coronary venous outflow in a right-heart bypass preparation were used to study the critical closing (CC) and critical @entity5 (CO) phenomena in the anesthetized @entity1 heart. Arterial pressure was lowered rapidly by @entity3 , and CC pressure was the pressure at which coronary flow stopped completely. Shed blood was returned immediately or after 3 min of @entity0 . The pressure at which coronary flow resumed (CO pressure) was measured. Coronary flow stopped at a mean aortic pressure of 14.3 mmHg. Vasodilator drugs and @entity0 lowered CC pressure to 10.5 and 10.2 mmHg, respectively. Aortic pressure of 47.3 mmHg was needed to resume coronary flow following perfusion arrest. A brief period of @entity0 did not significantly change the CO pressure. These results confirm the presence of CC phenomenon in @entity1 heart and show that CC pressure can be altered by @entity0 or vasodilators. It is suggested that the high value of CO pressure may be responsible for @entity2 associated with @entity0 @entity4 during open-heart surgery.

title: Critical closing and critical @entity5 phenomena in the coronary vasculature of the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effects of intravenous infusion of hypertonic @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity3 , or isotonic @entity4 solution on thirst and plasma @entity7 concentration (AVP) were studied in five conscious @entity0 . The changes in osmolality and @entity5 concentration of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured at the threshold of drinking, or after 45 min if no drinking occurred. @entity6 @entity4 and @entity2 stimulated drinking in all @entity0 and significantly elevated plasma AVP. Equally hypertonic @entity1 , @entity3 , or isotonic @entity4 failed to stimulate any drinking or vasopressin secretion. All hypertonic solutions caused significant and similar increases in the osmolality and @entity5 concentration of CSF. Plasma osmolality was increased by the hypertonic solutions. Plasma @entity5 was increased by hypertonic @entity4 , decreased by @entity2 and @entity1 , and not changed by @entity3 . Isotonic @entity4 had no effect on either plasma or CSF composition. These data are not consistent with either a @entity5 or an osmoreceptor mechanism located within the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or with a peripheral @entity5 receptor mechanism. An intracranial osmoreceptor located on the blood side of the BBB is proposed to explain these results.

title: Thirst and vasopressin release in the XXXX : an osmoreceptor or @entity5 receptor mechanism?

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effects of intravenous infusion of hypertonic @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity3 , or isotonic @entity4 solution on thirst and plasma @entity7 concentration (AVP) were studied in five conscious @entity0 . The changes in osmolality and @entity5 concentration of plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were measured at the threshold of drinking, or after 45 min if no drinking occurred. @entity6 @entity4 and @entity2 stimulated drinking in all @entity0 and significantly elevated plasma AVP. Equally hypertonic @entity1 , @entity3 , or isotonic @entity4 failed to stimulate any drinking or vasopressin secretion. All hypertonic solutions caused significant and similar increases in the osmolality and @entity5 concentration of CSF. Plasma osmolality was increased by the hypertonic solutions. Plasma @entity5 was increased by hypertonic @entity4 , decreased by @entity2 and @entity1 , and not changed by @entity3 . Isotonic @entity4 had no effect on either plasma or CSF composition. These data are not consistent with either a @entity5 or an osmoreceptor mechanism located within the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or with a peripheral @entity5 receptor mechanism. An intracranial osmoreceptor located on the blood side of the BBB is proposed to explain these results.

title: Thirst and vasopressin release in the @entity0 : an osmoreceptor or XXXX receptor mechanism?

answer: @entity5


abstract: Dark luminescence, defined as the ability of completely relaxed (dark-adapted) photosynthetic systems to emit light, has been studied in Chlorella. Three main effects have been demonstrated. @entity2 elicits a weak emission LD of very long lifetime (several minutes); it is believed to result from a negative shift of redox potential of the secondary System II electron acceptor B producing in some centers a state Q- (reduced primary acceptor), as postulated by Velthuys and Amesz ((1974 Biochim. Biophys. Acta 333, 85--94), which can recombine with an oxidizing equivalent in a state S2 present in very small amount. As in photoinduced luminescence, this recombination excites chlorophyll which then emits light. A much stronger emission LH is observed after injection of @entity1 . Both signals are modified or suppressed by treatments specific of the @entity0 emission system, such as: thermal denaturation at 50 degrees C, @entity3 , etc. In addition, a weak, permanent background luminescence L0 has been observed; like LD and and LH, it is a System II property and requires the integrity of the @entity0 -evolving system. It is believed to reflect a very slow back flow of electrons from an endogeneous reductant pool to @entity0 through part of the photosynthetic chain. Using flash preillumination, it is demonstrated that @entity1 is able to oxidize S0 into S2, the latter giving rise to LH; @entity1 does not act on S1 (or much less). The reactive site of @entity1 seems to be the same as the binding site of @entity3 . Evidence is given that the strong LH signal in particular reveals a stable, low pH of the intrathylakoid phase in Chlorella.

title: A study of dark luminescence in Chlorella. Background luminescence, XXXX -triggered luminescence and hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Studies were performed to synchronize L1210 @entity0 cells in S phase in an effort to maximize the effect of subsequent pulse dose chemotherapy. @entity6 (HU) was administered by continuous iv infusion 5 days after @entity0 implantation. Perturbation effects on the S-phase cells were measured by serial @entity3 labeling indices. Effects on cell-cycle progression were measured by DNA content distribution analysis using flow cytometry. Synchronization of @entity0 cells was achieved with HU infusion (48 mg/kg/hour x 24 hours), resulting in 90% of the cells in S phase. Following infusion, synchronous progression of S-phase cells into G2/M and then G1 was apparent from +0 to +10 hours later. The susceptibility of HU-synchronized cells to subsequent chemotherapy was determined by treating @entity1 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ), @entity4 ( @entity5 ), or @entity2 (ADR) pulse doses at various intervals following infusion. Synergy, measured by prolongation of survival times, resulted when @entity7 was administered immediately after the end of the infusion. Survival times then decreased as the fraction of cells in S phase decreased. In contrast, the survival times of @entity1 treated with @entity5 or ADR pulse doses after HU infusion were additive at best and did not correlate with fluctuations in the S phase compartment. Therefore, prior synchronization of @entity0 cells in S phase was therapeutically advantageous when coupled with appropriately timed @entity7 pulse doses. There was little advantage in combining HU infusion with subsequent @entity5 or ADR therapy.

title: Synchronization of L1210 leukemia with XXXX infusion and the effect of subsequent pulse dose chemotherapy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The ability of @entity2 to modulate the appearance of Interleukin-1( @entity4 ) in vivo was evaluated in a model of endotoxin shock. High levels of @entity4 were found in serum from A/J @entity0 which were sensitized with @entity5 and challenged with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The factor appeared in the serum 2-4 hours after LPS challenge and was dependent on the period of @entity5 sensitization and the dose of LPS. Treating the @entity0 with @entity3 prior to LPS challenge resulted in significantly lower thymocyte proliferative activity in the serum. Three experiments demonstrated that this reduced activity reflects a decrease in @entity6 ) The reduced activity was not due to the presence of proliferation inhibitors since mixing the serum from @entity3 -treated @entity0 with purified @entity4 or adding the equivalent amount of @entity1 directly to thymocyte cultures did not reduce the degree of proliferation. 2) When the serum was fractionated by gel filtration, the proliferative activity for both control and @entity1 treated sera eluted at 10-16 kilodaltons; however, the activity was nearly 50% less in the sample from @entity1 -treated @entity0 . 3) In addition to thymocyte proliferative activity, @entity4 induces an increase in the serum titer of the acute phase protein known as serum amyloid A. Both serum- and gel-purified samples were able to induce the @entity7 , but again the samples from @entity1 -treated @entity0 were much less active. We conclude that the factor produced in vivo has the properties of @entity4 and that the serum titre of the factor is reduced by @entity3 treatment.

title: Reduction of serum Interleukin-1-like activity after treatment with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The carcinogenicity of @entity6 (HPOP) for @entity1 pancreas was evaluated. Two-week-old male LEW @entity1 were given a single ip injection of HPOP, 160 mg/kg body weight; the @entity1 were autopsied 4, 6, or 12 months later. Histologic examination showed that the pancreata contained multiple foci of atypical acinar cells and nodules of atypical acinar cells (AACN), acinar cell @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity3 . The incidence of @entity3 was 77%. The @entity3 were composed of poorly differentiated acinar cells and ductlike structures. Pancreatic ducts were unaffected. The prominence of AACN, the histologic type of the @entity0 , and the absence of hyperplastic changes in ductal epithelium suggest that the @entity5 were derived from acinar cells. The incidence of @entity2 and @entity4 was similar to that of localized @entity5 . @entity0 of other organs were less frequent. HPOP has been shown to induce @entity5 in hamsters but has not previously been reported to be a pancreatic carcinogen in @entity1 .

title: Induction of @entity5 in @entity1 with XXXX : histopathology.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The carcinogenicity of @entity6 (HPOP) for @entity1 pancreas was evaluated. Two-week-old male LEW @entity1 were given a single ip injection of HPOP, 160 mg/kg body weight; the @entity1 were autopsied 4, 6, or 12 months later. Histologic examination showed that the pancreata contained multiple foci of atypical acinar cells and nodules of atypical acinar cells (AACN), acinar cell @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity3 . The incidence of @entity3 was 77%. The @entity3 were composed of poorly differentiated acinar cells and ductlike structures. Pancreatic ducts were unaffected. The prominence of AACN, the histologic type of the @entity0 , and the absence of hyperplastic changes in ductal epithelium suggest that the @entity5 were derived from acinar cells. The incidence of @entity2 and @entity4 was similar to that of localized @entity5 . @entity0 of other organs were less frequent. HPOP has been shown to induce @entity5 in hamsters but has not previously been reported to be a pancreatic carcinogen in @entity1 .

title: Induction of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity6 : histopathology.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The carcinogenicity of @entity6 (HPOP) for @entity1 pancreas was evaluated. Two-week-old male LEW @entity1 were given a single ip injection of HPOP, 160 mg/kg body weight; the @entity1 were autopsied 4, 6, or 12 months later. Histologic examination showed that the pancreata contained multiple foci of atypical acinar cells and nodules of atypical acinar cells (AACN), acinar cell @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity3 . The incidence of @entity3 was 77%. The @entity3 were composed of poorly differentiated acinar cells and ductlike structures. Pancreatic ducts were unaffected. The prominence of AACN, the histologic type of the @entity0 , and the absence of hyperplastic changes in ductal epithelium suggest that the @entity5 were derived from acinar cells. The incidence of @entity2 and @entity4 was similar to that of localized @entity5 . @entity0 of other organs were less frequent. HPOP has been shown to induce @entity5 in hamsters but has not previously been reported to be a pancreatic carcinogen in @entity1 .

title: Induction of @entity5 in XXXX with @entity6 : histopathology.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 Fc gamma receptor-bearing lymphocytes and T cells, prepared by sorting peripheral blood lymphocytes using the B73.1 monoclonal antibody, have been cloned by limiting dilution. Although quiescent lymphocytes of either cell type were unresponsive to @entity2 ( @entity2 ), following induction with phytohemagglutinin and/or the BSM B lymphoblastoid cell line they could be expanded in @entity2 utilizing a mixed irradiated feeder system. Clones originating from B73.1+ lymphocytes displayed a characteristic large granular lymphocyte (LGL) morphology but were otherwise functionally and phenotypically heterogeneous. Of 36 clones analyzed 19 displayed significant natural killer (NK)-like activity, each clone having a target cell repertoire identical to uncloned NK effectors. Furthermore, only a minority of clones (i.e. 5) displayed significant antibody-dependent cellular @entity1 , while levels of lectin-induced cellular @entity1 were normally commensurate with a clones level of NK-like activity. No correlation was evident between the phenotype of a clone and its cytotoxic activity since of 12 cytotoxic clones phenotyped, 8 expressed the OKT3 antigen but lacked the B73.1 antigen; 2 lacked the OKT3 antigen but expressed the B73.1 antigen and one lacked both OKT3 and B73.1 antigens. In addition the expression of OKT8 and OKT4 antigens was not in any way predictive of the cytotoxic capacity of a given clone. Several clones expressing T cell associated antigens bore a phenotype that distinguished them from T cell clones insofar as T cell subset antigens were expressed in the absence of the OKT3 antigen and vice versa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A clonal analysis of XXXX peripheral blood lymphocytes displaying natural killer-like activity.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effect of a 20% albumin solution on plasma oncotic pressure, renal function and peripheral @entity1 was investigated in 30 adult @entity0 undergoing elective major abdominal surgery. Half of them received an average of 173 g of albumin between the end of the operation and the 5th postoperative day, in accordance with a standardized scheme. Otherwise the same schedules for fluid therapy and blood replacement were followed in all @entity0 . Postoperatively, serum albumin and plasma oncotic pressure were fairly normal in the albumin group, but decreased by 28% and 24% in the control group. The difference between the groups was statistically significant during the first week, but disappeared during the second week. Arm and thigh circumferences increased postoperatively to a similar extent in both groups. There were no apparent differences in circulatory variables, alveolo-arterial @entity2 tension difference, incidence of wound @entity3 or postoperative restoration of intestinal activity between the groups. Although @entity4 occurred only in the control group, the material is too small to permit any conclusions to be drawn from the possible difference in renal function and morbidity between the groups. The limited availability and high cost of albumin require strict indications for its use. Our results so far have failed to justify routine administration of concentrated albumin postoperatively.

title: Albumin treatment following major surgery. I. Effects on plasma oncotic pressure, renal function and peripheral XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: 252 @entity0 and @entity0 were followed for 2 years after their first @entity3 . Each symptomatic @entity2 was determined by simple laboratory examinations as upper @entity3 . I.v. urography was done at the beginning of the follow-up and 2 years later; micturating cystourethrography was taken after the third @entity2 at the latest. @entity6 were found in 26 @entity0 (10%), and 12 subjects (5%) developed @entity1 during the study. @entity0 , who had their first upper @entity3 before the age of 12 months, numbered 93, and 19 of them had urological @entity5 . Two @entity1 occurred among the 71 subjects with their first @entity2 after the age of 12 months. No @entity1 was detected in the 88 @entity0 and @entity0 with lower symptomatic @entity3 or asymptomatic @entity4 . The determination of the level of the @entity2 may be a useful aid in detecting the harmful scar-forming @entity3 . @entity0 with a @entity2 are at high risk, and in need of an early urological evaluation.

title: The value of level diagnosis of childhood @entity3 in predicting XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: 252 @entity0 and @entity0 were followed for 2 years after their first @entity3 . Each symptomatic @entity2 was determined by simple laboratory examinations as upper @entity3 . I.v. urography was done at the beginning of the follow-up and 2 years later; micturating cystourethrography was taken after the third @entity2 at the latest. @entity6 were found in 26 @entity0 (10%), and 12 subjects (5%) developed @entity1 during the study. @entity0 , who had their first upper @entity3 before the age of 12 months, numbered 93, and 19 of them had urological @entity5 . Two @entity1 occurred among the 71 subjects with their first @entity2 after the age of 12 months. No @entity1 was detected in the 88 @entity0 and @entity0 with lower symptomatic @entity3 or asymptomatic @entity4 . The determination of the level of the @entity2 may be a useful aid in detecting the harmful scar-forming @entity3 . @entity0 with a @entity2 are at high risk, and in need of an early urological evaluation.

title: The value of level diagnosis of childhood XXXX in predicting @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We present 64 @entity0 with @entity4 esophageal varices who have been treated with portoazygos disconnection, devascularization of the esophagogastric junction, and esophageal transection with the button of Boerema (32 @entity0 ) and EEA stapler (32 @entity0 ). The @entity0 were treated between 1973 and 1983. Their ages ranged from 50 to 70 years. Based on @entity0 's classification, 26 (37.5%) of the @entity0 fell into class A, 35 (54.6%) in class B, and five (7.8%) in class C. These @entity0 were also divided into three subgroups: group I--21 @entity0 (32.8%) underwent emergency operations; group II--40 @entity0 (62.5%) underwent semiemergency operations; and group III--three @entity0 (4.7%) underwent elective operations. The perioperative mortality rate was 10.8%. With the Fischer exact test, we found the combined death rate of @entity0 's classes A and B to be significantly lower than that for class C @entity0 . The duration of follow-up ranged from 6 months to 9 years (average 32.9 months) in the 80% of the @entity0 that we were able to follow. There was a 6.5% incidence of recurrent @entity2 and a 28% incidence of late @entity1 . The incidence of transitory @entity5 was 40% when the button of Boerema was used as compared with 9% when the EEA stapler was used. The surgical approach presented herein is an attractive alternative to portosystemic decompression for @entity0 in whom @entity3 is complicated by uncontrolled @entity4 .

title: Treatment of XXXX esophageal varices by portoazygos disconnection and esophageal transection with the button of Boerema and EEA stapler: ten years' experience.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity6 is an amphiphilic iodinated compound that is used as a treatment for refractory @entity4 . During evaluation for possible @entity1 , a @entity0 receiving @entity6 was noted to have an increase in the density of his liver as seen on computed tomographic (CT) scanning of the abdomen. Six additional @entity0 who were receiving @entity6 were subsequently evaluated to ascertain the frequency of this finding. The CT density of the liver was increased in all @entity0 . Values obtained varied from 95 to 145 H, with a mean of 117 +/- 8.9 (normal, 30-70). The alkaline phosphatase was elevated in four @entity0 , but only one had an elevation of either the @entity3 or @entity2 aminotransferase. Two @entity0 underwent liver biopsies, and both revealed membranous lamellar phospholipid-containing structures within hepatocytes. Animal studies done to recreate these findings revealed that @entity6 accumulated in the liver at concentrations 175-500 times greater than those found in serum. Quantitative measurements of @entity5 in samples from the same liver showed that the @entity5 levels were correspondingly elevated. In the treated animals, there was a small but statistically significant increase in the CT density of the liver, whereas the values for untreated animals were unchanged. Treatment with @entity6 leads to an accumulation in the liver of this iodinated compound and hence an increase in the CT density of the liver. This accumulation of the drug in hepatic lysosomes apparently causes a secondary phospholipidosis.

title: Increased hepatic density and phospholipidosis due to XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: We describe an allele of the @entity0 glyoxalase GLO locus that encodes an enzymatically inactive form of the protein, which would not have been detected if only circulating erythrocytes and lymphocytes had been studied. The new allele is named GLO*3 and its protein product, GLO 3. Circulating blood cells of @entity2 /GLO*3 heterozygotes have just one electrophoretic band that migrates as the normal 2-2 dimer. Lymphoblastoid cell lines and phytohemagglutinin-stimulated lymphocytes from the same individuals have two electrophoretic bands, one with the mobility of the 2-2 dimer and one with the mobility of the 2-1 dimer that is present in @entity2 / @entity1 heterozygotes, but a band with the mobility of the 1-1 dimer is not present. Therefore, the GLO*3 allele encodes a monomer that has the electrophoretic mobility of @entity1 but is enzymatically inactive unless it is combined with normal monomers in 2-3 and 1-3 heterodimers. The failure to detect the GLO 3 protein in red cells and unstimulated lymphocytes is attributed to a relatively great instability or small rate of production in those cells. Consistent with this interpretation is the reduction of GLO activity in red cells of @entity2 /GLO*3 and @entity1 /GLO*3 heterozygotes to 65% or less of that in normal homozygotes and heterozygotes, while the activity of GLO*3 heterozygous lymphoblastoid cells is about 80% of normal. In contrast, the GLO activity of lymphoblastoid cells that had one copy of the GLO locus deleted by gamma-irradiation was 50%-60% of normal. Our observations indicate that certain kinds of mutant alleles of the GLO locus, and perhaps other loci, may not be detected in electrophoretic surveys on circulating blood cells only. The segregation of alleles that are not expressed in circulating red and white blood cells could confuse attempts to determine parentage, as they might have in the family described here. The observations also demonstrate the feasibility of mapping @entity0 genes by using ionizing radiation to create partial chromosome deletions in cultured cells.

title: A new variant XXXX allele that is readily detectable in stimulated lymphocytes and lymphoblastoid cell lines but not in circulating lymphocytes or erythrocytes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This paper deals with the development of a mathematical model that describes @entity0 dynamics at the cellular scale. The selected case study concerns @entity3 , which originates in colorectal crypts. Cells inside the crypts are assumed to be organized according to @entity4 and to be homogeneously mixing. A mathematical model for @entity0 progression is proposed here. This model describes the generation of multiple clonal sub-populations of cells at different progression stages in a single crypt. Asymptotic analysis and simulations are developed with an exploratory aim. The obtained results offer some insights into the role played by mutation, proliferation and differentiation phenomena on @entity0 dynamics. In particular, the acquisition of an additional growing power and a reduction for cellular differentiation seem more likely to be the driving force behind @entity2 rather than an increase in the mutation rate. The mutation rate instead seems to affect progression dynamics and @entity0 heterogeneity. The role played by cells, at different differentiation stages, in the onset and progression of @entity1 is highlighted. The results support the fact that stem cells play a key role in @entity0 development and the idea that transit-amplifying cells could also take on an active role in @entity2 .

title: A mathematical model for progression and heterogeneity in XXXX dynamics.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: @entity0 with locally recurrent or persistent high-risk @entity3 are difficult to treat. We describe our experience using intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) after re-resection in this high-risk population. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 44 consecutive @entity0 who received IORT at our institution between April 2000 and September 2009 after gross total resection of recurrent/persistent @entity1 . Specifically, we evaluated local recurrence rates, complications, and overall survival. RESULTS: The median age at diagnosis was 41.5 months. Median follow-up after IORT was 10.5 months. Each @entity0 received prior chemotherapy and surgery, while 94.5% had previous external beam radiation therapy. @entity4 was amplified in 34% of @entity0 . There were no operative or postoperative deaths, and 18 @entity0 (40.9%) had @entity2 . There was a 50.4% probability of local control. @entity4 amplification did not affect local control (local recurrence rate of 53.9% vs 52.4%, P = .89). Median overall survival was 18.7 months (95% confidence interval, 11.7-25.6 months). Mean survival for @entity4 -amplified @entity0 was 13.0 vs 39.2 months for those without @entity4 amplification (P = .035). CONCLUSIONS: Intraoperative radiation therapy after re-resection of locally recurrent/persistent @entity3 results in a reasonable rate of local control with acceptable morbidity and survival. This approach should be considered in this high-risk population.

title: Local control, survival, and operative morbidity and mortality after re-resection, and intraoperative radiation therapy for recurrent or persistent primary high-risk XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is a suddenly developing temporary or often permanent @entity2 . Several candidate genes have been shown to have an impact in the pathogenesis of @entity3 . Recently, the @entity5 polymorphism in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) gene has been reported to be associated with @entity3 in different racial groups, but no data is available currently in Han Chinese. Our study is to investigate the association between the @entity4 gene polymorphism @entity5 and the susceptibility to @entity3 in Han Chinese. METHODS: 310 controls and 342 @entity0 with classified @entity3 were performed to detect the @entity5 alleles genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in independent case-control study. RESULTS: TG levels of subjects carrying -1131C allele were elevated compared to the subjects with -1131T allele in all @entity3 subgroups and in controls. The serum TC, LDL-C and HDL-C levels did not differ between subjects with T or C alleles in each group. The overall distribution of @entity4 @entity5 genotype among @entity1 @entity0 and controls was significantly different (P<0.01). Frequencies of CC homozygote and C allele were significantly higher in all @entity1 subgroups than those in control group. After adjustment for conventional risk factors, logistic regression analysis showed that C allele carrier (CC+CT) of @entity5 was an independent risk factor for all @entity1 subgroups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 gene @entity5 polymorphism is independently associated with the development of @entity3 in Chinese Han population, and CC homozygote may have a promoting effect on @entity3 .

title: Association of @entity4 gene promoter region @entity5 with risk of XXXX in Han Chinese.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is a suddenly developing temporary or often permanent @entity2 . Several candidate genes have been shown to have an impact in the pathogenesis of @entity3 . Recently, the @entity5 polymorphism in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) gene has been reported to be associated with @entity3 in different racial groups, but no data is available currently in Han Chinese. Our study is to investigate the association between the @entity4 gene polymorphism @entity5 and the susceptibility to @entity3 in Han Chinese. METHODS: 310 controls and 342 @entity0 with classified @entity3 were performed to detect the @entity5 alleles genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in independent case-control study. RESULTS: TG levels of subjects carrying -1131C allele were elevated compared to the subjects with -1131T allele in all @entity3 subgroups and in controls. The serum TC, LDL-C and HDL-C levels did not differ between subjects with T or C alleles in each group. The overall distribution of @entity4 @entity5 genotype among @entity1 @entity0 and controls was significantly different (P<0.01). Frequencies of CC homozygote and C allele were significantly higher in all @entity1 subgroups than those in control group. After adjustment for conventional risk factors, logistic regression analysis showed that C allele carrier (CC+CT) of @entity5 was an independent risk factor for all @entity1 subgroups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 gene @entity5 polymorphism is independently associated with the development of @entity3 in Chinese Han population, and CC homozygote may have a promoting effect on @entity3 .

title: Association of @entity4 gene promoter region XXXX with risk of @entity1 in Han Chinese.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is a suddenly developing temporary or often permanent @entity2 . Several candidate genes have been shown to have an impact in the pathogenesis of @entity3 . Recently, the @entity5 polymorphism in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) gene has been reported to be associated with @entity3 in different racial groups, but no data is available currently in Han Chinese. Our study is to investigate the association between the @entity4 gene polymorphism @entity5 and the susceptibility to @entity3 in Han Chinese. METHODS: 310 controls and 342 @entity0 with classified @entity3 were performed to detect the @entity5 alleles genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis in independent case-control study. RESULTS: TG levels of subjects carrying -1131C allele were elevated compared to the subjects with -1131T allele in all @entity3 subgroups and in controls. The serum TC, LDL-C and HDL-C levels did not differ between subjects with T or C alleles in each group. The overall distribution of @entity4 @entity5 genotype among @entity1 @entity0 and controls was significantly different (P<0.01). Frequencies of CC homozygote and C allele were significantly higher in all @entity1 subgroups than those in control group. After adjustment for conventional risk factors, logistic regression analysis showed that C allele carrier (CC+CT) of @entity5 was an independent risk factor for all @entity1 subgroups (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 gene @entity5 polymorphism is independently associated with the development of @entity3 in Chinese Han population, and CC homozygote may have a promoting effect on @entity3 .

title: Association of XXXX gene promoter region @entity5 with risk of @entity1 in Han Chinese.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Although the chronotoxicity of xenobiotics is relatively well known in mammals, the existence of daily rhythms of @entity0 and effectiveness in fish has been neglected to date. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of the time (middle of the light phase [ML] versus middle of the dark phase [ @entity1 ]) of exposure to two anesthetic substances ( @entity4 or clove oil) commonly used with fish on the median lethal concentration (LC(50)) and swimming activity of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). To this end, adult @entity2 were kept under a 12 h:12 h light-dark (LD) cycle and exposed to different concentrations of the anesthetics for 15 min at ML or @entity1 . LC(50) calculations were performed using the Spearman-Karber program, whereas swimming activity was video-recorded and analyzed with specialized software. @entity2 exhibited a mostly diurnal activity pattern (77.9% of activity occurring during daytime). The acute @entity0 and mortality caused by @entity4 and @entity3 varied with the time of exposure. For @entity4 , the LC(50) was 170.6    7.4 mg/L in fish exposed at ML and 215.6    3.9 mg/L at @entity1 , whereas for @entity3 the LC(50) was 70.3    3.1 mg/L at ML and 104.9    5.4 mg/L at @entity1 . Exposure to sublethal concentrations of @entity4 and @entity3 altered the swimming patterns of @entity2 in a different manner depending on the time of exposure. Thus, the time required for decreasing swimming activity during exposure to anesthetics was shorter at ML than at @entity1 , whereas the recovery period was longer during the day. In conclusion, these results revealed that the @entity0 and effectiveness of both anesthetic substances is highest during daytime, the active phase of fish, thus suggesting a link between the daily rhythms of behavior and @entity0 .

title: Daily rhythms of XXXX and effectiveness of anesthetics ( @entity4 and @entity3 ) in @entity2 ( @entity2 ).

answer: @entity0


abstract: Although the chronotoxicity of xenobiotics is relatively well known in mammals, the existence of daily rhythms of @entity0 and effectiveness in fish has been neglected to date. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of the time (middle of the light phase [ML] versus middle of the dark phase [ @entity1 ]) of exposure to two anesthetic substances ( @entity4 or clove oil) commonly used with fish on the median lethal concentration (LC(50)) and swimming activity of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). To this end, adult @entity2 were kept under a 12 h:12 h light-dark (LD) cycle and exposed to different concentrations of the anesthetics for 15 min at ML or @entity1 . LC(50) calculations were performed using the Spearman-Karber program, whereas swimming activity was video-recorded and analyzed with specialized software. @entity2 exhibited a mostly diurnal activity pattern (77.9% of activity occurring during daytime). The acute @entity0 and mortality caused by @entity4 and @entity3 varied with the time of exposure. For @entity4 , the LC(50) was 170.6    7.4 mg/L in fish exposed at ML and 215.6    3.9 mg/L at @entity1 , whereas for @entity3 the LC(50) was 70.3    3.1 mg/L at ML and 104.9    5.4 mg/L at @entity1 . Exposure to sublethal concentrations of @entity4 and @entity3 altered the swimming patterns of @entity2 in a different manner depending on the time of exposure. Thus, the time required for decreasing swimming activity during exposure to anesthetics was shorter at ML than at @entity1 , whereas the recovery period was longer during the day. In conclusion, these results revealed that the @entity0 and effectiveness of both anesthetic substances is highest during daytime, the active phase of fish, thus suggesting a link between the daily rhythms of behavior and @entity0 .

title: Daily rhythms of @entity0 and effectiveness of anesthetics ( @entity4 and @entity3 ) in XXXX ( @entity2 ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although the chronotoxicity of xenobiotics is relatively well known in mammals, the existence of daily rhythms of @entity0 and effectiveness in fish has been neglected to date. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of the time (middle of the light phase [ML] versus middle of the dark phase [ @entity1 ]) of exposure to two anesthetic substances ( @entity4 or clove oil) commonly used with fish on the median lethal concentration (LC(50)) and swimming activity of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). To this end, adult @entity2 were kept under a 12 h:12 h light-dark (LD) cycle and exposed to different concentrations of the anesthetics for 15 min at ML or @entity1 . LC(50) calculations were performed using the Spearman-Karber program, whereas swimming activity was video-recorded and analyzed with specialized software. @entity2 exhibited a mostly diurnal activity pattern (77.9% of activity occurring during daytime). The acute @entity0 and mortality caused by @entity4 and @entity3 varied with the time of exposure. For @entity4 , the LC(50) was 170.6    7.4 mg/L in fish exposed at ML and 215.6    3.9 mg/L at @entity1 , whereas for @entity3 the LC(50) was 70.3    3.1 mg/L at ML and 104.9    5.4 mg/L at @entity1 . Exposure to sublethal concentrations of @entity4 and @entity3 altered the swimming patterns of @entity2 in a different manner depending on the time of exposure. Thus, the time required for decreasing swimming activity during exposure to anesthetics was shorter at ML than at @entity1 , whereas the recovery period was longer during the day. In conclusion, these results revealed that the @entity0 and effectiveness of both anesthetic substances is highest during daytime, the active phase of fish, thus suggesting a link between the daily rhythms of behavior and @entity0 .

title: Daily rhythms of @entity0 and effectiveness of anesthetics ( @entity4 and @entity3 ) in @entity2 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although the chronotoxicity of xenobiotics is relatively well known in mammals, the existence of daily rhythms of @entity0 and effectiveness in fish has been neglected to date. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of the time (middle of the light phase [ML] versus middle of the dark phase [ @entity1 ]) of exposure to two anesthetic substances ( @entity4 or clove oil) commonly used with fish on the median lethal concentration (LC(50)) and swimming activity of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). To this end, adult @entity2 were kept under a 12 h:12 h light-dark (LD) cycle and exposed to different concentrations of the anesthetics for 15 min at ML or @entity1 . LC(50) calculations were performed using the Spearman-Karber program, whereas swimming activity was video-recorded and analyzed with specialized software. @entity2 exhibited a mostly diurnal activity pattern (77.9% of activity occurring during daytime). The acute @entity0 and mortality caused by @entity4 and @entity3 varied with the time of exposure. For @entity4 , the LC(50) was 170.6    7.4 mg/L in fish exposed at ML and 215.6    3.9 mg/L at @entity1 , whereas for @entity3 the LC(50) was 70.3    3.1 mg/L at ML and 104.9    5.4 mg/L at @entity1 . Exposure to sublethal concentrations of @entity4 and @entity3 altered the swimming patterns of @entity2 in a different manner depending on the time of exposure. Thus, the time required for decreasing swimming activity during exposure to anesthetics was shorter at ML than at @entity1 , whereas the recovery period was longer during the day. In conclusion, these results revealed that the @entity0 and effectiveness of both anesthetic substances is highest during daytime, the active phase of fish, thus suggesting a link between the daily rhythms of behavior and @entity0 .

title: Daily rhythms of @entity0 and effectiveness of anesthetics ( @entity4 and XXXX ) in @entity2 ( @entity2 ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: Although the chronotoxicity of xenobiotics is relatively well known in mammals, the existence of daily rhythms of @entity0 and effectiveness in fish has been neglected to date. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of the time (middle of the light phase [ML] versus middle of the dark phase [ @entity1 ]) of exposure to two anesthetic substances ( @entity4 or clove oil) commonly used with fish on the median lethal concentration (LC(50)) and swimming activity of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). To this end, adult @entity2 were kept under a 12 h:12 h light-dark (LD) cycle and exposed to different concentrations of the anesthetics for 15 min at ML or @entity1 . LC(50) calculations were performed using the Spearman-Karber program, whereas swimming activity was video-recorded and analyzed with specialized software. @entity2 exhibited a mostly diurnal activity pattern (77.9% of activity occurring during daytime). The acute @entity0 and mortality caused by @entity4 and @entity3 varied with the time of exposure. For @entity4 , the LC(50) was 170.6    7.4 mg/L in fish exposed at ML and 215.6    3.9 mg/L at @entity1 , whereas for @entity3 the LC(50) was 70.3    3.1 mg/L at ML and 104.9    5.4 mg/L at @entity1 . Exposure to sublethal concentrations of @entity4 and @entity3 altered the swimming patterns of @entity2 in a different manner depending on the time of exposure. Thus, the time required for decreasing swimming activity during exposure to anesthetics was shorter at ML than at @entity1 , whereas the recovery period was longer during the day. In conclusion, these results revealed that the @entity0 and effectiveness of both anesthetic substances is highest during daytime, the active phase of fish, thus suggesting a link between the daily rhythms of behavior and @entity0 .

title: Daily rhythms of @entity0 and effectiveness of anesthetics ( XXXX and @entity3 ) in @entity2 ( @entity2 ).

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 is a disease characterised by both genetic and epigenetic alterations. Epigenetic silencing of @entity1 suppressor genes is an early event in @entity0 and reversion of gene silencing by epigenetic reprogramming can provide clues to the mechanisms responsible for @entity1 initiation and progression. In this study we apply the reprogramming capacity of oocytes to @entity1 cells in order to study breast oncogenesis. RESULTS: We show that @entity0 cells can be directly reprogrammed by amphibian oocyte extracts. The reprogramming effect, after six hours of treatment, in the absence of DNA replication, includes DNA demethylation and removal of repressive histone marks at the promoters of @entity1 suppressor genes; also, expression of the silenced genes is re-activated in response to treatment. This activity is specific to oocytes as it is not elicited by extracts from ovulated eggs, and is present at very limited levels in extracts from @entity2 embryonic stem cells. Epigenetic reprogramming in oocyte extracts results in @entity1 cell growth under anchorage independent conditions and a @entity1 growth in @entity2 xenografts. CONCLUSIONS: This study presents a new method to investigate @entity1 reversion by epigenetic reprogramming. After testing extracts from different sources, we found that @entity3 oocyte extracts possess superior reprogramming ability, which reverses epigenetic silencing of @entity1 suppressor genes and tumorigenicity of @entity0 cells in a @entity2 xenograft model. Therefore this system can be extremely valuable for dissecting the mechanisms involved in @entity1 suppressor gene silencing and identifying molecular activities capable of arresting @entity1 growth. These applications can ultimately shed light on the contribution of epigenetic alterations in @entity0 and advance the development of epigenetic therapies.

title: Epigenetic reprogramming of XXXX cells with oocyte extracts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The efficacy of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was evaluated in improving right ventricular (RV) output during left heart bypass for @entity4 . In 13 @entity6 , a 40-ml balloon was positioned within a graft anastomosed to the pulmonary artery distal to the pulmonary valve, and left heart bypass was instituted from the left atrium to the carotid artery. @entity4 was produced by an infusion of @entity5 (range, 25 to 78 mg). In this model, RV output decreased despite volume loading to a right atrial pressure of 15 mm Hg and atrioventricular sequential pacing at 100 beats per minute. Pulmonary artery balloon counterpulsation increased both RV output (from 519 +/- 76 to 1,117 +/- 110 ml/min; p less than 0.01) and RV @entity0 work (from 1.3 +/- 0.4 to 2.3 +/- 0.6 gm-m; p less than 0.01). Right atrial pressure decreased (from 15.5 +/- 0.9 to 10.7 +/- 1.0 mm Hg; p less than 0.01) in 8 of the @entity6 studied during RV failure. In 5 @entity6 , @entity7 occurred without a stable model of RV failure, and there was no cardiac output before or after counterpulsation. The mechanism of action of @entity2 was studied by placing a flow probe around a large branch of the right pulmonary artery. During @entity1 caused flow through the pulmonary circulation, and ventricular systole resulted in filling of the graft. During @entity7 , @entity3 and deflation produced only a to-and-fro movement of blood in the pulmonary artery branch without net forward flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The hemodynamic effects and mechanism of action of @entity2 in the treatment of XXXX during left heart bypass.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The efficacy of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was evaluated in improving right ventricular (RV) output during left heart bypass for @entity4 . In 13 @entity6 , a 40-ml balloon was positioned within a graft anastomosed to the pulmonary artery distal to the pulmonary valve, and left heart bypass was instituted from the left atrium to the carotid artery. @entity4 was produced by an infusion of @entity5 (range, 25 to 78 mg). In this model, RV output decreased despite volume loading to a right atrial pressure of 15 mm Hg and atrioventricular sequential pacing at 100 beats per minute. Pulmonary artery balloon counterpulsation increased both RV output (from 519 +/- 76 to 1,117 +/- 110 ml/min; p less than 0.01) and RV @entity0 work (from 1.3 +/- 0.4 to 2.3 +/- 0.6 gm-m; p less than 0.01). Right atrial pressure decreased (from 15.5 +/- 0.9 to 10.7 +/- 1.0 mm Hg; p less than 0.01) in 8 of the @entity6 studied during RV failure. In 5 @entity6 , @entity7 occurred without a stable model of RV failure, and there was no cardiac output before or after counterpulsation. The mechanism of action of @entity2 was studied by placing a flow probe around a large branch of the right pulmonary artery. During @entity1 caused flow through the pulmonary circulation, and ventricular systole resulted in filling of the graft. During @entity7 , @entity3 and deflation produced only a to-and-fro movement of blood in the pulmonary artery branch without net forward flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The hemodynamic effects and mechanism of action of XXXX in the treatment of @entity1 during left heart bypass.

answer: @entity2