abstract: CONTEXT: Articular cartilage possesses poor natural healing mechanisms, and a variety of non-cell-based and cell-based treatments aim to promote regeneration of hyaline cartilage. DATA SOURCES: A review of the literature to December 2013 using PubMed with search criteria including the keywords stem cell, cell therapy, cell transplantation, cartilage, chondral, and chondrogenic. STUDY SELECTION: Forty-five articles were identified that employed local mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for @entity2 in @entity0 . Nine comparative studies were identified, consisting of 3 randomized trials, 5 cohort studies, and 1 case-control study. STUDY TYPE: Clinical review. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 4. DATA EXTRACTION: Studies were assessed for stem cell source, method of implantation, comparison groups, and concurrent surgical techniques. RESULTS: Two studies comparing MSC treatment to autologous chondrocyte implantation found similar efficacy. Three studies reported clinical benefits with intra-articular MSC injection over non-MSC controls for cases undergoing debridement with or without marrow stimulation, although a randomized study found no significant clinical difference at 2-year follow-up but reported better 18-month magnetic resonance imaging and histologic scores in the MSC group. No @entity0 studies have compared intra-articular MSC therapy to non-MSC techniques for @entity1 in the absence of surgery. CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies appear safe and effective for @entity2 in large animal preclinical models. Evidence for use in @entity0 , particularly, comparison with more established treatments such as autologous chondrocyte implantation and microfracture, is limited.

title: Cell therapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: High levels of blood lipids have been associated with high levels of coagulation factors. We investigated whether blood lipids influence the results of @entity4 tests, including prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and thrombin generation assay (TGA). METHODS: PT, aPTT, and TGA, along with procoagulant and anticoagulant factors, were measured in 488 normal individuals. @entity3 status was assessed with prothrombin-induced by @entity3 absence-II (PIVKA-II). RESULTS: The procoagulant factors II, VII, IX, X, and XI and anticoagulant factors protein C and protein S showed significant correlations with @entity1 , and the procoagulant factors II, V, VII, IX, X, XI, and XII and anticoagulant factors @entity5 and protein C correlated with total @entity0 . There were no correlations of blood lipid levels with PIVKA-II levels. Subjects with high @entity1 levels (>= 200 mg/dL) showed shorter PT values than those with lower @entity1 levels. However, aPTT value was not changed in terms of blood lipid levels. In both 1 and 5 pM tissue factor-induced @entity6 , subjects in the high- @entity1 or high- @entity0 groups (>= 240 mg/dL) had high levels of lag time, time-to-peak, and endogenous thrombin potential. Total @entity0 was a significant determinant of PT and TGA values. CONCLUSION: High blood lipids were related with @entity2 activity in a normal population. Our findings are expected to help interpret the @entity4 test results in individuals with high lipid levels.

title: Influence of blood lipids on XXXX test results.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The WHODAS 2.0 is an ICF-based multidimensional instrument developed for measuring disability. The present study analyzes the utility of the 36-item interviewer-administered version in a sample of @entity0 with @entity2 . There is no study to date that analyses how the scale works in a sample that only comprises such @entity0 . METHODS: A total of 291 @entity0 with @entity2 (42.6% males) according to DSM-IV-TR criteria from a cross-sectional study conducted in outpatient @entity1 clinics were enrolled. In addition to the WHODAS 2.0, @entity0 completed a comprehensive assessment battery including measures on psychopathology, functionality and quality of life. Analyses were centered on providing evidence on the validity and utility of the Spanish version of the WHODAS 2.0 in @entity2 @entity0 . RESULTS: Participation domain had the highest percentage of missing data (2.7%). Confirmatory factorial analysis was used to test three models formulated in the literature: six primary correlated factors, six primary factors with a single second-order factor, and six primary factors with two second-order factors. The three models were plausible, although the one formed by six correlated factors produced the best fit. Cronbach's alpha values ranged between .73 for the Self-care domain and .92 for Life activities, and the internal consistency of the total score was .96. Relationships between the WHODAS 2.0 and measures of psychopathology, functionality and quality of life were in the expected direction, and the scale was found to be able to differentiate among @entity0 with different intensity of clinical symptoms and work situation. LIMITATIONS: The percentage of euthymic @entity0 was considerable. However, the assessment of euthymic @entity0 is less influenced by mood. Some psychometric properties have not been studied, such as score stability and sensitivity to change. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the 36-item WHODAS 2.0 has suitable psychometric properties in terms of reliability and validity when applied to @entity0 with @entity2 . Disability in @entity2 @entity0 is especially prominent in Cognition, Getting along, Life activities, and Participation domains, so functional remediation interventions should emphasize these areas in order to improve the daily living activities of these @entity0 .

title: Disability in XXXX : The 36-item World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0.

answer: @entity2


abstract: It is necessary to adhere to a uniform time of @entity1 . To determine this, the normatively relevant concept of @entity1 and the criteria for @entity1 in terms of medical proof must be distinguished. The notion of @entity1 , which must be determined as a matter of first priority, is not something which is medically predetermined but is a normative convention. According to the legal view prevailling today, this does not depend on complete cessation of biological activities, or on the cessation of heart and breathing activity, but solely on @entity2 , i.e. (to quote from pertinent commentary of the scientific advisory board of the Federal Chamber of Physicians), on the "complete and irreversible collapse of the overall function of the brain with a circulatory function which can still be maintained in the rest of the body." @entity2 is characterized by the irreversible loss of cerebral and brainstem function. Death of the @entity0 is the extreme boundary of therapeutic activity which the physician may not transgress. Irreversible and total loss of function of the brain thus justifies the doctor in discontinuing his measures and indeed compels him to do so. The physician should preserve life and help the dying @entity0 , but should not prolong @entity1 . Even before the extreme limit of @entity2 , intensive therapy may no longer be indicated, so that the physician is not obliged to make further efforts to prolong life.

title: [Legal problems of XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Results of surgical treatment in 85 cases with metastatic @entity7 are reviewed. The lung was the most frequent site of @entity4 and the following sites were GI tract and the breast. Adequate treatment consisted of total removal of @entity2 , irradiation and/or chemotherapy were carried out in 51 cases. The remaining 34 cases had an unsuccessful treatment because of their poor physical condition. Mean survival time after adequate treatment was 8.75 months in the former group and 3.06 months in the latter group. Of 51 @entity0 (86.3%) in the former group, 44 showed improvement of the neurological signs after treatment. In the latter group, only 14 @entity0 (41.2%) revealed @entity3 . @entity2 was carried out in 55 of 85 cases. The one-month operative mortality for all @entity0 was 19.2%. Postoperative one-year survival rate was 12.5% in 16 cases with multiple @entity1 and in 36 cases with single @entity1 was 25.6%. Follow-up study of 77 cases showed 31.2% of survival rate in 6 months, 18.2% in one-year and 5.2% in two-years. Only four @entity0 survived more than 3 years after treatment. The direct causes of @entity5 in cases of total removal were attributed in recurrence of @entity4 or remote @entity1 to other organs. This study revealed that the prognosis of the @entity0 with metastatic @entity7 was influenced by existence of @entity6 due to @entity8 or @entity1 itself and @entity1 to other organs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Results of the surgical treatment of metastatic XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Demographic factors such as ethnicity may affect bariatric surgery outcomes. We examined @entity3 and co-morbidities outcomes in African American, Caucasian, and Hispanic @entity0 who underwent laparoscopic gastric banding (LAGB) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). The primary aim was to investigate demographic differences in @entity3 and co-morbidities outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively examined weight change and co-morbidities outcomes in our prospective database. A total of 1,903 @entity0 underwent LAGB or RYGB between January 1, 2005 and March 31, 2012. Of those, 1828 completed their 1-year follow-up visit (9-15 mo) and had complete data. We excluded @entity0 who were missing ethnicity information, resulting in a final cohort of 1,684 @entity0 . Multivariate analyses and   (2) tests were used to examine demographic variables in body mass index (BMI) change, percent excess @entity3 (%EWL), and remission of co-morbidities. We also examined @entity3 outcomes at 2- and 3-year follow-up. RESULTS: Overall, those who underwent RYGB had a lower BMI and greater %EWL at 1, 2, and 3 years compared to those who had undergone LAGB. Overall, African American @entity0 had a higher postoperative BMI than either Caucasian or Hispanic @entity0 . African American @entity0 also showed less %EWL than Caucasian and Hispanic @entity0 . When we examined within surgery type, ethnic differences between African American and Caucasian @entity0 were present across all 3 years in RYGB, but there were no ethnic differences by year 3 in LAGB. Additionally, African American and Hispanic @entity0 no longer differed by year 3 in RYGB and by year 2 in LAGB. There were no significant ethnic differences in remission of @entity1 , @entity5 , @entity2 , and sleep @entity4 at 1 year. CONCLUSION: Our study found significant ethnic differences in the postoperative BMI and %EWL, which were more pronounced in @entity0 undergoing RYGB than LAGB at the 3-year time point. These @entity3 differences did not translate to a lower rate of co-morbidities remission.

title: Ethnic variation in XXXX , but not co-morbidity remission, after laparoscopic gastric banding and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intrinsic @entity1 is the most common complication of @entity2 . Phenotypically, it ranges from @entity3 to redundant or prolapsing regurgitant leaflets. The underlying molecular mechanism underpinning phenotype heterogeneity of @entity1 in BAV is poorly understood. We used RNA-sequencing to identify genes and pathways responsible for @entity1 in BAV, compared to tricuspid aortic valve ( @entity4 ). Comparative transcriptome analysis on total RNA of aortic valve tissues of @entity0 with diseased BAV (n=5) and calcified @entity4 (n=3). A total of 59 and 177 genes were significantly up- and downregulated, respectively, in BAV compared to @entity4 . Hierarchical clustering indicated heterogeneity within the BAV group, separating those with heavy calcification (BAVc) from those with redundant leaflets and/or minimal calcification (BAVr). Interestingly, the gene expression profile of the BAVc group closely resembled the @entity4 , with shared up- and downregulation of inflammatory and NOTCH1 signaling pathways, respectively. Downregulation of matrix protease ADAMTS9 and protein aggrecan were observed in BAVr compared to @entity4 . Dysregulation of fetal gene programs were also present, with notable downregulation of SEMA6B and SEMA3F in BAVr and BAVc compared to @entity4 , respectively. Upregulation of @entity5 was observed exclusively in BAVr compared to BAVc. In conclusion, diverging molecular mechanisms underpin phenotype heterogeneity of @entity1 in BAV and data from the present study suggest that there may be shared mechanisms leading to calcification in BAV and @entity4 . Recognition of these pathways is fundamental to improve our understanding of the molecular basis of @entity0 @entity2 .

title: Comparative transcriptome profiling in @entity0 XXXX using RNA-sequencing.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Intrinsic @entity1 is the most common complication of @entity2 . Phenotypically, it ranges from @entity3 to redundant or prolapsing regurgitant leaflets. The underlying molecular mechanism underpinning phenotype heterogeneity of @entity1 in BAV is poorly understood. We used RNA-sequencing to identify genes and pathways responsible for @entity1 in BAV, compared to tricuspid aortic valve ( @entity4 ). Comparative transcriptome analysis on total RNA of aortic valve tissues of @entity0 with diseased BAV (n=5) and calcified @entity4 (n=3). A total of 59 and 177 genes were significantly up- and downregulated, respectively, in BAV compared to @entity4 . Hierarchical clustering indicated heterogeneity within the BAV group, separating those with heavy calcification (BAVc) from those with redundant leaflets and/or minimal calcification (BAVr). Interestingly, the gene expression profile of the BAVc group closely resembled the @entity4 , with shared up- and downregulation of inflammatory and NOTCH1 signaling pathways, respectively. Downregulation of matrix protease ADAMTS9 and protein aggrecan were observed in BAVr compared to @entity4 . Dysregulation of fetal gene programs were also present, with notable downregulation of SEMA6B and SEMA3F in BAVr and BAVc compared to @entity4 , respectively. Upregulation of @entity5 was observed exclusively in BAVr compared to BAVc. In conclusion, diverging molecular mechanisms underpin phenotype heterogeneity of @entity1 in BAV and data from the present study suggest that there may be shared mechanisms leading to calcification in BAV and @entity4 . Recognition of these pathways is fundamental to improve our understanding of the molecular basis of @entity0 @entity2 .

title: Comparative transcriptome profiling in XXXX @entity2 using RNA-sequencing.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Exposure of @entity1 to elevated dietary salt following recovery from @entity5 ( @entity5 ) accelerates the transition to @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and is dependent on lymphocyte activity. Here we tested whether high salt diet triggers lymphocyte activation in @entity0 and @entity3 . Male @entity1 on a 0.4% salt diet were subjected to left unilateral @entity2 -reperfusion and allowed to recover for 5 weeks. This resulted in a mild elevation of @entity12 (+) T cells relative to sham animals. Contralateral unilateral nephrectomy and elevated dietary salt (4%) for 4 extra weeks hastened @entity4 and @entity3 . @entity9 cells were increased in the kidney threefold after 4 weeks of elevated dietary salt exposure relative to post- @entity5 @entity1 before salt feeding. The T cell subset was largely positive for @entity10 , indicative of Th-17 cells. Because @entity7 activity may influence lymphocyte activation, injured @entity1 were given the @entity8 antagonist, @entity11 , along with high salt diet. This significantly reduced the number of renal Th-17 cells to levels of sham @entity1 , and significantly reduced the salt-induced increase in @entity3 to about half. In vitro studies in @entity5 -primed @entity12 (+) T cells indicated that @entity7 and extracellular @entity6 enhanced, and @entity11 inhibited, @entity10 expression. Thus, dietary salt modulates immune cell activity in postischemic recovering kidneys because of the activity of local RAS, suggesting the participation of these cells in @entity4 progression post- @entity5 .

title: Th-17 cell activation in response to high salt following @entity5 is associated with progressive XXXX and attenuated by @entity8 antagonism.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Exposure of @entity1 to elevated dietary salt following recovery from @entity5 ( @entity5 ) accelerates the transition to @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and is dependent on lymphocyte activity. Here we tested whether high salt diet triggers lymphocyte activation in @entity0 and @entity3 . Male @entity1 on a 0.4% salt diet were subjected to left unilateral @entity2 -reperfusion and allowed to recover for 5 weeks. This resulted in a mild elevation of @entity12 (+) T cells relative to sham animals. Contralateral unilateral nephrectomy and elevated dietary salt (4%) for 4 extra weeks hastened @entity4 and @entity3 . @entity9 cells were increased in the kidney threefold after 4 weeks of elevated dietary salt exposure relative to post- @entity5 @entity1 before salt feeding. The T cell subset was largely positive for @entity10 , indicative of Th-17 cells. Because @entity7 activity may influence lymphocyte activation, injured @entity1 were given the @entity8 antagonist, @entity11 , along with high salt diet. This significantly reduced the number of renal Th-17 cells to levels of sham @entity1 , and significantly reduced the salt-induced increase in @entity3 to about half. In vitro studies in @entity5 -primed @entity12 (+) T cells indicated that @entity7 and extracellular @entity6 enhanced, and @entity11 inhibited, @entity10 expression. Thus, dietary salt modulates immune cell activity in postischemic recovering kidneys because of the activity of local RAS, suggesting the participation of these cells in @entity4 progression post- @entity5 .

title: Th-17 cell activation in response to high salt following @entity5 is associated with progressive @entity3 and attenuated by XXXX antagonism.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Exposure of @entity1 to elevated dietary salt following recovery from @entity5 ( @entity5 ) accelerates the transition to @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and is dependent on lymphocyte activity. Here we tested whether high salt diet triggers lymphocyte activation in @entity0 and @entity3 . Male @entity1 on a 0.4% salt diet were subjected to left unilateral @entity2 -reperfusion and allowed to recover for 5 weeks. This resulted in a mild elevation of @entity12 (+) T cells relative to sham animals. Contralateral unilateral nephrectomy and elevated dietary salt (4%) for 4 extra weeks hastened @entity4 and @entity3 . @entity9 cells were increased in the kidney threefold after 4 weeks of elevated dietary salt exposure relative to post- @entity5 @entity1 before salt feeding. The T cell subset was largely positive for @entity10 , indicative of Th-17 cells. Because @entity7 activity may influence lymphocyte activation, injured @entity1 were given the @entity8 antagonist, @entity11 , along with high salt diet. This significantly reduced the number of renal Th-17 cells to levels of sham @entity1 , and significantly reduced the salt-induced increase in @entity3 to about half. In vitro studies in @entity5 -primed @entity12 (+) T cells indicated that @entity7 and extracellular @entity6 enhanced, and @entity11 inhibited, @entity10 expression. Thus, dietary salt modulates immune cell activity in postischemic recovering kidneys because of the activity of local RAS, suggesting the participation of these cells in @entity4 progression post- @entity5 .

title: Th-17 cell activation in response to high salt following XXXX is associated with progressive @entity3 and attenuated by @entity8 antagonism.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective The benefit of the use of some intraoral devices in arthrogenous @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity0 is still unknown. This study assessed the effectiveness of the partial use of intraoral devices and counseling in the management of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity5 . Materials and Methods A total of 60 @entity2 and @entity5 @entity0 were randomly divided into three groups: group I (n=20) wore anterior repositioning occlusal splints (ARS); group II (n=20) wore the Nociceptive Trigeminal Inhibition Clenching Suppression System devices (NTI-tss); and group III (n=20) only received counseling for behavioral changes and self-care (the control group). The first two groups also received counseling. Follow-ups were performed after 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 3 months. In these sessions, @entity0 were evaluated by means of a visual analogue scale, pressure @entity1 threshold (PPT) of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ), maximum range of motion and @entity3 sounds. Possible adverse effects were also recorded, such as discomfort while using the device and occlusal changes. The results were analyzed with ANOVA, Tukey's and Fisher Exact Test, with a significance level of 5%. Results Groups I and II showed improvement in @entity1 intensity at the first follow-up. This progress was recorded only after 3 months in Group III. Group II showed an increased in joint sounds frequency. The PPT values, mandibular range of motion and the number of occlusal contacts did not change significantly. Conclusion The simultaneous use of intraoral devices (partial time) plus behavioral modifications seems to produce a more rapid @entity1 improvement in @entity0 with @entity1 @entity2 . The use of NTI-tss could increase @entity3 sounds. Although intraoral devices with additional counseling should be considered for the management of @entity1 @entity2 , dentists should be aware of the possible side effects of the intraoral device's design.

title: Management of XXXX @entity3 clicking with different intraoral devices and counseling: a controlled study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective The benefit of the use of some intraoral devices in arthrogenous @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity0 is still unknown. This study assessed the effectiveness of the partial use of intraoral devices and counseling in the management of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity5 . Materials and Methods A total of 60 @entity2 and @entity5 @entity0 were randomly divided into three groups: group I (n=20) wore anterior repositioning occlusal splints (ARS); group II (n=20) wore the Nociceptive Trigeminal Inhibition Clenching Suppression System devices (NTI-tss); and group III (n=20) only received counseling for behavioral changes and self-care (the control group). The first two groups also received counseling. Follow-ups were performed after 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 3 months. In these sessions, @entity0 were evaluated by means of a visual analogue scale, pressure @entity1 threshold (PPT) of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ), maximum range of motion and @entity3 sounds. Possible adverse effects were also recorded, such as discomfort while using the device and occlusal changes. The results were analyzed with ANOVA, Tukey's and Fisher Exact Test, with a significance level of 5%. Results Groups I and II showed improvement in @entity1 intensity at the first follow-up. This progress was recorded only after 3 months in Group III. Group II showed an increased in joint sounds frequency. The PPT values, mandibular range of motion and the number of occlusal contacts did not change significantly. Conclusion The simultaneous use of intraoral devices (partial time) plus behavioral modifications seems to produce a more rapid @entity1 improvement in @entity0 with @entity1 @entity2 . The use of NTI-tss could increase @entity3 sounds. Although intraoral devices with additional counseling should be considered for the management of @entity1 @entity2 , dentists should be aware of the possible side effects of the intraoral device's design.

title: Management of @entity1 XXXX clicking with different intraoral devices and counseling: a controlled study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Prediction of @entity3 in clinically @entity4 is relevant for treatment planning of the disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the usefulness of the percentage of positive biopsy cores to predict the chance of @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 1787 @entity0 with @entity4 submitted to radical prostatectomy. The percentage of positive cores in prostate biopsy was correlated with the pathologic outcome of the surgical specimen. In the final analysis, a correlation was made between categorical ranges of positive cores (10% intervals) and the risk of extraprostatic extension and/or bladder neck invasion, seminal vesicles involvement or @entity1 to iliac lymph nodes. Student's t test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: For each 10% of positive cores we observed a progressive higher prevalence of @entity3 . The risk of @entity2 beyond the prostate capsule for <10% positive biopsy cores was 7.4% and it increased to 76.2% at the category 90-100% positive cores. In @entity0 with Gleason grade 4 or 5, the risk of @entity2 prostate was higher than in those without any component 4 or 5. CONCLUSION: The percentage of positive cores in prostate biopsy can predict the risk of @entity2 outside the prostate. Our study shows that the percentage of positive prostate biopsy fragments helps predict the chance of @entity2 and may have a relevant role in the @entity0 's management.

title: Probability of @entity3 according to the percentage of positive biopsy cores in clinically XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Prediction of @entity3 in clinically @entity4 is relevant for treatment planning of the disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the usefulness of the percentage of positive biopsy cores to predict the chance of @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We evaluated 1787 @entity0 with @entity4 submitted to radical prostatectomy. The percentage of positive cores in prostate biopsy was correlated with the pathologic outcome of the surgical specimen. In the final analysis, a correlation was made between categorical ranges of positive cores (10% intervals) and the risk of extraprostatic extension and/or bladder neck invasion, seminal vesicles involvement or @entity1 to iliac lymph nodes. Student's t test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: For each 10% of positive cores we observed a progressive higher prevalence of @entity3 . The risk of @entity2 beyond the prostate capsule for <10% positive biopsy cores was 7.4% and it increased to 76.2% at the category 90-100% positive cores. In @entity0 with Gleason grade 4 or 5, the risk of @entity2 prostate was higher than in those without any component 4 or 5. CONCLUSION: The percentage of positive cores in prostate biopsy can predict the risk of @entity2 outside the prostate. Our study shows that the percentage of positive prostate biopsy fragments helps predict the chance of @entity2 and may have a relevant role in the @entity0 's management.

title: Probability of XXXX according to the percentage of positive biopsy cores in clinically @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Penile prostheses are subject to a continuous development and have gained better mechanical reliability and safety during the last decades. In this study, we aimed to investigate the outcomes and satisfaction rates of inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) and semirigid penile prosthesis (SPP) implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From August 2001 to June 2012, 257 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) underwent penile prosthesis implantation (PPI) at our institution. Of the 257 @entity0 , 118 underwent implantation of IPP and 139 underwent SPP implantation. The pre-operative and post-operative erectile status of the @entity0 were assessed by international index of erectile function (IIEF) questionnaire. The satisfaction of @entity0 and partners were evaluated by a telephone interview using the @entity1 inventory of treatment satisfaction (EDITS) questionnaire and EDITS partner survey. RESULTS: The overall major complication rate was higher in IPP group. PPI led to a significant improvement in IIEF scores in both groups. For IPP and SPP groups the average EDITS scores were 78  11and 57  8, respectively, and that for the partners were 72  10 and 49  7, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Although the IPP implantation have better satisfaction rates, the SPP implantation is still a viable treatment option in the surgical treatment of @entity1 because of low cost and high durability with acceptable satisfaction rates.

title: XXXX and partner outcome of inflatable and semi-rigid penile prosthesis in a single institution.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is an @entity3 that even occurs in noncirrhotic liver of males (any age) or females >=  50 years old, or associates focal atypical features. In this article, 2 unusual cases diagnosed in elderly cirrhotic @entity0 , unrelated to @entity6 , are presented. The first case was incidentally diagnosed in an 83-year-old female. During laparoscopic surgery for cholecystectomy, hemoperitoneum was installed and laparotomy was necessary to remove a 70-mm nodular encapsulated @entity3 that was microscopically composed by hepatocyte-like cells with clear cytoplasm, arranged in 1- to 2-cell-thick plates and intermingled with areas of @entity13 , negative for @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity8 , and @entity11 , with low Ki67 index and intact reticulin framework. The second case was incidentally diagnosed at ultrasound examination in a 66-year-old male. The surgical specimen was a 50-mm solid multinodular @entity1 that microscopically consisted of 3-cell-thick plates of hepatocyte-like cells with acinar, pseudoglandular, and trabecular architecture, intermingled with peliotic areas, without nuclear atypia and disintegrated reticulin framework. Both of the cases occurred in cirrhotic liver. The @entity1 cells were marked by @entity9 , displayed a Ki67 index < 5% and were negative for @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity11 . No recurrences or any @entity2 occurred 6 months after surgery. In cirrhotic liver, @entity7 with @entity13 that do not satisfy all the diagnosis criteria synthesized in the article should be considered AHNs and differential diagnosis includes @entity4 but also @entity10 , regenerative nodules, and @entity12 . This histological entity is not yet included in the WHO Classification list.

title: XXXX With Peliosis in Cirrhotic Liver Versus Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Diagnostic Trap.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Subcutaneous and submuscular anterior ulnar nerve transposition have been widely used in @entity0 with @entity4 . However, the reliable evidence in favor of 1 of 2 surgical options on clinical improvement remains controversial. To maximize the value of the available literature, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare subcutaneous versus submuscular anterior ulnar nerve transposition in @entity0 with @entity1 at the elbow. PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE databases were searched for randomized and observational studies that compared subcutaneous transposition with submuscular transposition of ulnar nerve for @entity4 . The primary outcome was clinically relevant improvement in function compared to the baseline. Randomized and observational studies were separately analyzed with relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Two @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 7 observational studies, involving 605 @entity0 , were included. Our meta-analysis suggested that no significant differences in the primary outcomes were observed between comparison groups, both in RCT (RR, 1.16; 95% CI 0.68-1.98; P = 0.60; I2= 81%) and observational studies (RR, 1.01; 95% CI 0.95-1.08; P = 0.69; I2 = 0%). These findings were also consistent with all subgroup analyses for observational studies. In the secondary outcomes, the incidence of adverse events was significantly lower in subcutaneous group than in submuscular group (RR, 0.54; 95% CI 0.33-0.87; P = 0.01; I2 = 0%), whereas subcutaneous transposition failed to reveal more superiority than submuscular transposition in static two-point discrimination ( @entity3 , 0.04; 95% CI -0.18-0.25; P = 0.74; I = 0%). The available evidence is not adequately powered to identify the best anterior ulnar nerve transposition technique for @entity4 on the basis of clinical outcomes, that is, suggests that subcutaneous and submuscular anterior transposition might be equally effective in terms of postoperative clinical improvement. However, differences in clinical outcomes metrics should be noted, and these findings largely rely on the outcomes data from observational studies that are potentially subject to a high risk of selection bias. Therefore, more high-quality and adequately powered @entity2 with standardized clinical outcomes metrics are necessary for proper comparison of these techniques.

title: Subcutaneous Versus Submuscular Anterior Transposition of the Ulnar Nerve for XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative intact @entity1 (IO-iPTH) in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity2 ). The cut-off for IO-iPTH monitoring remains unknown. This was a single-center retrospective review of 226 consecutive @entity0 (107 males and 119 females) who underwent parathyroidectomy for secondary @entity2 between May 2010 and March 2014. The predetermined cut-off for IO-iPTH was a 70% IO-iPTH drop from baseline 10 minutes after total parathyroidectomy and thymectomy. We used <60 pg/mL iPTH value on postoperative day 1 (POD1) as an indicator of successful removal of parathyroid glands and reviewed the frequency of reoperation other than in autografted sites during the observation period. This study was based on the Standards for the Reporting of Diagnostic accuracy compliant. The reoperation rate in @entity0 with >60 pg/mL iPTH value (POD1) was significantly higher than that in @entity0 with <60 pg/mL iPTH value (POD1), (13.0% versus 0.5% P = 0.003). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of >70% IO-iPTH drop were 97.5%, 52.2%, and 92.9%, respectively, this criterion was demonstrated to be beneficial in 26 @entity0 . In 5 @entity0 , <70% IO-iPTH drop was observed and further exploration enabled sufficient removal of parathyroid glands. In 21 @entity0 , although fewer than 4 parathyroid glands were removed after enough explorations, >70% IO-iPTH drop enabled termination of operations and iPTH value (POD1) was <60 pg/mL.An iPTH value of <60 pg/mL (POD1) was a good predictor for successful parathyroidectomy. A 70% IO-iPTH drop from the baseline was appropriate to determine sufficient @entity3 during parathyroidectomy for @entity0 with secondary @entity2 . [Corrected]

title: A Retrospective Study of the Impact of Intraoperative Intact @entity1 Monitoring During Total Parathyroidectomy for XXXX : STARD Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative intact @entity1 (IO-iPTH) in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity2 ). The cut-off for IO-iPTH monitoring remains unknown. This was a single-center retrospective review of 226 consecutive @entity0 (107 males and 119 females) who underwent parathyroidectomy for secondary @entity2 between May 2010 and March 2014. The predetermined cut-off for IO-iPTH was a 70% IO-iPTH drop from baseline 10 minutes after total parathyroidectomy and thymectomy. We used <60 pg/mL iPTH value on postoperative day 1 (POD1) as an indicator of successful removal of parathyroid glands and reviewed the frequency of reoperation other than in autografted sites during the observation period. This study was based on the Standards for the Reporting of Diagnostic accuracy compliant. The reoperation rate in @entity0 with >60 pg/mL iPTH value (POD1) was significantly higher than that in @entity0 with <60 pg/mL iPTH value (POD1), (13.0% versus 0.5% P = 0.003). Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of >70% IO-iPTH drop were 97.5%, 52.2%, and 92.9%, respectively, this criterion was demonstrated to be beneficial in 26 @entity0 . In 5 @entity0 , <70% IO-iPTH drop was observed and further exploration enabled sufficient removal of parathyroid glands. In 21 @entity0 , although fewer than 4 parathyroid glands were removed after enough explorations, >70% IO-iPTH drop enabled termination of operations and iPTH value (POD1) was <60 pg/mL.An iPTH value of <60 pg/mL (POD1) was a good predictor for successful parathyroidectomy. A 70% IO-iPTH drop from the baseline was appropriate to determine sufficient @entity3 during parathyroidectomy for @entity0 with secondary @entity2 . [Corrected]

title: A Retrospective Study of the Impact of Intraoperative Intact XXXX Monitoring During Total Parathyroidectomy for @entity4 : STARD Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: KEY POINTS: @entity3 (NA)-releasing neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) provide NA to the forebrain and play important roles in regulating many brain functions. LC neurons are subject to tonic inhibition mediated by GABAB receptors (GABAB Rs) and that the extent of the effect varies with ambient @entity4 levels. GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition can effectively tune the spontaneous firing rate (SFR) of LC neurons; it is developmentally regulated and is responsible for maintaining a constant SFR of LC neurons during development. In male, but not female @entity0 , chronic perinatal treatment with @entity2 , a selective @entity1 reuptake inhibitor, results in downregulation of GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition of LC neurons that partially accounts for increased SFR in male, but not female, @entity0 receiving such treatment. Our results show that GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition could be an important player in the development of normal and abnormal behaviours/brain functions associated with the LC-NA system. ABSTRACT: @entity3 (NA)-releasing neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) provide NA to the forebrain. Their activity is believed to be a key factor regulating the wakefulness/arousal level of the brain. In this study, we found that the activity of NA-releasing neurons in the LC (LC neurons) was subject to y-aminobutyric acid ( @entity4 ) tonic inhibition through GABAB receptors (GABAB Rs), but not GABAA receptors. The intensity of GABAB R tonic inhibition was found to depend on ambient @entity4 levels, as it was dramatically increased by blockade of @entity4 reuptake. It also varied with the function of GABAB Rs. The GABAB R activity on LC neurons was found to increase with postnatal age up to postnatal days 8-10, resulting in increased tonic inhibition. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in the spontaneous activity of LC neurons at different postnatal ages unless GABAB R tonic inhibition was blocked. These results show that, during postnatal development, there is a continuous increase in GABAB R tonic inhibition that maintains the activity of LC neurons at a proper level. In male, but not female, @entity0 , chronic perinatal treatment with @entity2 , a selective @entity1 reuptake inhibitor, reduced GABAB R activity and tonic inhibition, which might result in the significantly higher spontaneous activity of LC neurons seen in these animals. In conclusion, our results show that GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition has a direct impact on the spontaneous activity of LC neurons and that the extent of the effect varies with ambient @entity4 levels and functionality of GABAB R signalling.

title: GABAB receptor-mediated tonic inhibition regulates the spontaneous firing of locus coeruleus neurons in developing @entity0 and in XXXX -treated @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: KEY POINTS: @entity3 (NA)-releasing neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) provide NA to the forebrain and play important roles in regulating many brain functions. LC neurons are subject to tonic inhibition mediated by GABAB receptors (GABAB Rs) and that the extent of the effect varies with ambient @entity4 levels. GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition can effectively tune the spontaneous firing rate (SFR) of LC neurons; it is developmentally regulated and is responsible for maintaining a constant SFR of LC neurons during development. In male, but not female @entity0 , chronic perinatal treatment with @entity2 , a selective @entity1 reuptake inhibitor, results in downregulation of GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition of LC neurons that partially accounts for increased SFR in male, but not female, @entity0 receiving such treatment. Our results show that GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition could be an important player in the development of normal and abnormal behaviours/brain functions associated with the LC-NA system. ABSTRACT: @entity3 (NA)-releasing neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) provide NA to the forebrain. Their activity is believed to be a key factor regulating the wakefulness/arousal level of the brain. In this study, we found that the activity of NA-releasing neurons in the LC (LC neurons) was subject to y-aminobutyric acid ( @entity4 ) tonic inhibition through GABAB receptors (GABAB Rs), but not GABAA receptors. The intensity of GABAB R tonic inhibition was found to depend on ambient @entity4 levels, as it was dramatically increased by blockade of @entity4 reuptake. It also varied with the function of GABAB Rs. The GABAB R activity on LC neurons was found to increase with postnatal age up to postnatal days 8-10, resulting in increased tonic inhibition. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in the spontaneous activity of LC neurons at different postnatal ages unless GABAB R tonic inhibition was blocked. These results show that, during postnatal development, there is a continuous increase in GABAB R tonic inhibition that maintains the activity of LC neurons at a proper level. In male, but not female, @entity0 , chronic perinatal treatment with @entity2 , a selective @entity1 reuptake inhibitor, reduced GABAB R activity and tonic inhibition, which might result in the significantly higher spontaneous activity of LC neurons seen in these animals. In conclusion, our results show that GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition has a direct impact on the spontaneous activity of LC neurons and that the extent of the effect varies with ambient @entity4 levels and functionality of GABAB R signalling.

title: GABAB receptor-mediated tonic inhibition regulates the spontaneous firing of locus coeruleus neurons in developing XXXX and in @entity2 -treated @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: KEY POINTS: @entity3 (NA)-releasing neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) provide NA to the forebrain and play important roles in regulating many brain functions. LC neurons are subject to tonic inhibition mediated by GABAB receptors (GABAB Rs) and that the extent of the effect varies with ambient @entity4 levels. GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition can effectively tune the spontaneous firing rate (SFR) of LC neurons; it is developmentally regulated and is responsible for maintaining a constant SFR of LC neurons during development. In male, but not female @entity0 , chronic perinatal treatment with @entity2 , a selective @entity1 reuptake inhibitor, results in downregulation of GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition of LC neurons that partially accounts for increased SFR in male, but not female, @entity0 receiving such treatment. Our results show that GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition could be an important player in the development of normal and abnormal behaviours/brain functions associated with the LC-NA system. ABSTRACT: @entity3 (NA)-releasing neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) provide NA to the forebrain. Their activity is believed to be a key factor regulating the wakefulness/arousal level of the brain. In this study, we found that the activity of NA-releasing neurons in the LC (LC neurons) was subject to y-aminobutyric acid ( @entity4 ) tonic inhibition through GABAB receptors (GABAB Rs), but not GABAA receptors. The intensity of GABAB R tonic inhibition was found to depend on ambient @entity4 levels, as it was dramatically increased by blockade of @entity4 reuptake. It also varied with the function of GABAB Rs. The GABAB R activity on LC neurons was found to increase with postnatal age up to postnatal days 8-10, resulting in increased tonic inhibition. Interestingly, there was no significant difference in the spontaneous activity of LC neurons at different postnatal ages unless GABAB R tonic inhibition was blocked. These results show that, during postnatal development, there is a continuous increase in GABAB R tonic inhibition that maintains the activity of LC neurons at a proper level. In male, but not female, @entity0 , chronic perinatal treatment with @entity2 , a selective @entity1 reuptake inhibitor, reduced GABAB R activity and tonic inhibition, which might result in the significantly higher spontaneous activity of LC neurons seen in these animals. In conclusion, our results show that GABAB R-mediated tonic inhibition has a direct impact on the spontaneous activity of LC neurons and that the extent of the effect varies with ambient @entity4 levels and functionality of GABAB R signalling.

title: GABAB receptor-mediated tonic inhibition regulates the spontaneous firing of locus coeruleus neurons in developing @entity0 and in @entity2 -treated XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to determine whether glucose-fructose (GF) ingestion, relative to @entity4 , would alter performance, metabolism, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and @entity2 affect during prolonged running. On two occasions, 20 runners (14 @entity0 ) completed a 120-min submaximal run followed by a 4-mile time trial (TT). @entity0 consumed @entity4 (G) or GF (1.2:1 ratio) beverages, which supplied       1.3   g/min of carbohydrate. Substrate use, blood lactate, @entity2 affect [ @entity3 ( @entity3 )], and @entity1 were measured. Differences between conditions were assessed using magnitude-based inferential statistics. @entity0 completed the TT 1.9% (-1.9; -4.2, 0.4) faster with GF, representing a likely benefit. @entity3 ratings were possibly higher and GI symptoms were possibly-to-likely lower with GF during the submaximal period and TT. Effect sizes for @entity1 and @entity3 ratings were relatively small (Cohen's d   =      0.2 to 0.4). GF resulted in possibly higher fat oxidation during the submaximal period. No clear differences in lactate were observed. In conclusion, GF ingestion - compared with @entity4 - likely improves TT performance after 2   h of submaximal @entity1 and @entity2 affect are likely mechanisms. These results apply to runners consuming fluid at 500-600   mL/h and carbohydrate at 1.0-1.3   g/min during running at 60-70% VO2peak .

title: XXXX and endurance running performance relative to @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to determine whether glucose-fructose (GF) ingestion, relative to @entity4 , would alter performance, metabolism, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, and @entity2 affect during prolonged running. On two occasions, 20 runners (14 @entity0 ) completed a 120-min submaximal run followed by a 4-mile time trial (TT). @entity0 consumed @entity4 (G) or GF (1.2:1 ratio) beverages, which supplied       1.3   g/min of carbohydrate. Substrate use, blood lactate, @entity2 affect [ @entity3 ( @entity3 )], and @entity1 were measured. Differences between conditions were assessed using magnitude-based inferential statistics. @entity0 completed the TT 1.9% (-1.9; -4.2, 0.4) faster with GF, representing a likely benefit. @entity3 ratings were possibly higher and GI symptoms were possibly-to-likely lower with GF during the submaximal period and TT. Effect sizes for @entity1 and @entity3 ratings were relatively small (Cohen's d   =      0.2 to 0.4). GF resulted in possibly higher fat oxidation during the submaximal period. No clear differences in lactate were observed. In conclusion, GF ingestion - compared with @entity4 - likely improves TT performance after 2   h of submaximal @entity1 and @entity2 affect are likely mechanisms. These results apply to runners consuming fluid at 500-600   mL/h and carbohydrate at 1.0-1.3   g/min during running at 60-70% VO2peak .

title: @entity1 and endurance running performance relative to XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Background The association of genetic polymorphisms of @entity0 gene with aging has not been thoroughly examined. Previous studies showed that longevity in the Uygurs was considerably greater than in Kazaks in Xinjiang. This study aimed to investigate the difference of renal function and @entity0 gene polymorphisms between Kazak and Uygur normal populations in Xinjiang, China. Material and Methods A total of 249 Uygur and 386 Kazak clinically normal subjects were included in this study. Four single-nucleotide polymorphisms ( @entity1 , @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity4 ) of the @entity0 gene were genotyped using the ABI SNaPshot method. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to the Chinese simplified MDRD equation. Results There were significant differences between Kazak and Uygur healthy populations in both allele frequencies and genotype distributions in @entity3 and @entity4 (P<0.05, respectively). When the subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the genotypes of the @entity0 gene polymorphism, in the GA+AA genotype distributions of the @entity1 , the differences I serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate between the Kazak and Uygur groups were statistically significant (P<0.05, respectively). In CC genotype of @entity2 , serum creatinine was significantly higher in Kazaks compared with Uygurs (P<0.05). In GG genotype of @entity3 , serum creatinine was significantly higher in the Kazak group compared with the Uygur group (P<0.05), as well as in CG+CC genotype of @entity3 (P<0.05). Serum creatinine was significantly higher in the Kazak group compared with the Uygur group in TT genotype of @entity4 (P<0.05), as was GT+GG genotype of @entity4 . Haplotype analysis indicated that the frequencies of ACGT, GTGT, and GCCG haplotypes were significantly different between Kazak and Uygur healthy populations (P=0.04, P=0.018, P=0.000, respectively). Conclusions Significant differences in @entity0 gene @entity3 and @entity4 polymorphisms were found between the Uygur and Kazak populations.

title: Renal Function and XXXX Gene Polymorphisms among Uygur and Kazak Populations in Xinjiang, China.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Vascular remodeling is closely related to @entity2 , @entity4 , and restenosis after PCI. Considerable evidence indicates that the activation and proliferation of adventitial fibroblasts play key roles in @entity3 . The inflammatory response and high expression of connexins contribute to adventitial remodeling. Therefore, reducing @entity0 reaction and connexins expression in adventitia may become a new target to prevent @entity8 . Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula, composed of TCM therapeutic principle of supplementing qi, activating blood and detoxification, can inhibit restenosis after @entity3 . To further investigate the effect of Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula on @entity0 and connexins, we established a carotid @entity5 model. In model @entity1 , @entity6 in the intima was mild but obvious in the adventitia; CRP heightened; expressions of @entity7 , @entity10 , and @entity9 increased. Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula relieved intimal @entity6 and adventitial area, obviously diminished the expressions of @entity10 and @entity9 in the adventitia, and reduced CRP but did not lower @entity7 . These results indicated that Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula inhibited @entity8 especially @entity6 by reducing the @entity0 reaction including lowering macrophages infiltration and systemic nonspecific inflammatory response and also restraining gap junction connexins leading to less communication among cells. This study provides new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of @entity8 .

title: Yiqihuoxuejiedu Formula Restrains Vascular Remodeling by Reducing the Inflammation Reaction and XXXX Expression in the Adventitia after @entity3 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Vascular remodeling is closely related to @entity2 , @entity4 , and restenosis after PCI. Considerable evidence indicates that the activation and proliferation of adventitial fibroblasts play key roles in @entity3 . The inflammatory response and high expression of connexins contribute to adventitial remodeling. Therefore, reducing @entity0 reaction and connexins expression in adventitia may become a new target to prevent @entity8 . Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula, composed of TCM therapeutic principle of supplementing qi, activating blood and detoxification, can inhibit restenosis after @entity3 . To further investigate the effect of Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula on @entity0 and connexins, we established a carotid @entity5 model. In model @entity1 , @entity6 in the intima was mild but obvious in the adventitia; CRP heightened; expressions of @entity7 , @entity10 , and @entity9 increased. Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula relieved intimal @entity6 and adventitial area, obviously diminished the expressions of @entity10 and @entity9 in the adventitia, and reduced CRP but did not lower @entity7 . These results indicated that Yiqihuoxuejiedu formula inhibited @entity8 especially @entity6 by reducing the @entity0 reaction including lowering macrophages infiltration and systemic nonspecific inflammatory response and also restraining gap junction connexins leading to less communication among cells. This study provides new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of @entity8 .

title: Yiqihuoxuejiedu Formula Restrains Vascular Remodeling by Reducing the Inflammation Reaction and @entity9 Expression in the Adventitia after XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A major cause of @entity2 is the production of reactive oxygen species generated during ethanol metabolism. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of binge drinking-like alcohol exposure on a panel of genes implicated in oxidative mechanisms in adolescent and adult @entity0 . In adolescent animals, alcohol decreased the expression of genes involved in the repair and protection of oxidative DNA damage such as atr, @entity4 , or @entity5 and increased the expression of proapoptotic genes such as @entity3 . In contrast, in the adult brain, genes activated by alcohol were mainly associated with protective mechanisms that prevent cells from oxidative damage. Whatever the age, iterative binge-like episodes provoked the same deleterious effects as those observed after a single binge episode. In adolescent @entity0 , multiple binge ethanol exposure substantially reduced neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus and impaired short-term memory in the novel object and passive avoidance tests. Taken together, our results indicate that alcohol causes deleterious effects in the adolescent brain which are distinct from those observed in adults. These data contribute to explain the greater sensitivity of the adolescent brain to @entity2 . The effects of alcohol exposure were investigated on genes involved in oxidative mechanisms. In adolescent animals, alcohol decreased the expression of genes involved in DNA repair, a potential cause of the observed decrease of neurogenesis. In contrast, in the adult brain, alcohol increased the expression of genes associated with antioxidant mechanisms. Apoptosis was increase in all groups and converged with other biochemical alterations to enhance @entity1 in the adolescent brain. These data contribute to explain the greater sensitivity of the adolescent brain to @entity2 .

title: Comparison of the deleterious effects of binge drinking-like alcohol exposure in adolescent and adult XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mental defeat has been implicated in precipitating suicide with effects not explained by @entity3 . It has also been found to be elevated in @entity0 who are most distressed and disabled by @entity4 . This study examined the role of mental defeat in predicting suicide intent among @entity4 @entity0 and compared the predictive value of mental defeat with other established @entity2 . METHODS: Sixty-two @entity4 @entity0 attended a semistructured interview to assess @entity2 characteristics and suicidality (present and worst-ever) and completed self-report measures of @entity1 , @entity3 , hopelessness, self-efficacy, @entity2 catastrophizing, and mental defeat. RESULTS: A total of 22.6% of @entity0 reported a history of suicide attempt (1 attempt=12.9%; >= 2 attempts=9.7%). The wish to die was reportedly moderate to strong for 63.3% of those who attempted suicide. No significant correlations were found for hopelessness and self-efficacy with suicide intent in this sample. Hierarchical regression analyses suggested that @entity2 intensity was a significant predictor of worst-ever suicidal intent (R=0.11), and mental defeat significantly improved the prediction even when the effect of @entity2 intensity was accounted for (  R=0.12). @entity1 , @entity3 , and @entity2 catastrophizing were significant correlates of suicide intent, but they did not add to the prediction of worst-ever suicide intent after the effect of @entity2 intensity was controlled for. DISCUSSION: Mental defeat may be a key indicator for heightened suicide risk. Therapeutic interventions targeting mental defeat offer a novel avenue for reducing suicide risk in @entity4 @entity0 .

title: Mental Defeat Is Associated With Suicide Intent in @entity0 With XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Mental defeat has been implicated in precipitating suicide with effects not explained by @entity3 . It has also been found to be elevated in @entity0 who are most distressed and disabled by @entity4 . This study examined the role of mental defeat in predicting suicide intent among @entity4 @entity0 and compared the predictive value of mental defeat with other established @entity2 . METHODS: Sixty-two @entity4 @entity0 attended a semistructured interview to assess @entity2 characteristics and suicidality (present and worst-ever) and completed self-report measures of @entity1 , @entity3 , hopelessness, self-efficacy, @entity2 catastrophizing, and mental defeat. RESULTS: A total of 22.6% of @entity0 reported a history of suicide attempt (1 attempt=12.9%; >= 2 attempts=9.7%). The wish to die was reportedly moderate to strong for 63.3% of those who attempted suicide. No significant correlations were found for hopelessness and self-efficacy with suicide intent in this sample. Hierarchical regression analyses suggested that @entity2 intensity was a significant predictor of worst-ever suicidal intent (R=0.11), and mental defeat significantly improved the prediction even when the effect of @entity2 intensity was accounted for (  R=0.12). @entity1 , @entity3 , and @entity2 catastrophizing were significant correlates of suicide intent, but they did not add to the prediction of worst-ever suicide intent after the effect of @entity2 intensity was controlled for. DISCUSSION: Mental defeat may be a key indicator for heightened suicide risk. Therapeutic interventions targeting mental defeat offer a novel avenue for reducing suicide risk in @entity4 @entity0 .

title: Mental Defeat Is Associated With Suicide Intent in XXXX With @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Similar to conventional cryogen spray cooling, @entity3 ( @entity2 ) spray may be used in combination with laser cartilage reshaping (LCR) to produce cartilage shape change while minimizing cutaneous thermal injury. Recent ex vivo evaluation of LCR with @entity2 cooling in a @entity0 model has identified a promising initial parameter space for in vivo safety and efficacy evaluation. This pilot study aimed to evaluate shape change and @entity1 following LCR with @entity2 cooling in 5 live @entity0 . STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The midportion of live @entity0 ears were irradiated with a 1.45     m wavelength diode laser (12   J/cm(2) ) with simultaneous @entity2 spray cooling (85   millisecond duration, 4 alternating heating/cooling cycles per site, 5 to 6 irradiation sites per row for 3 rows per ear). Experimental and control ears (no LCR) were splinted in the flexed position for 30 days following exposure. A total of 5 ears each were allocated to the experimental and control groups. RESULTS: Shape change was observed in all irradiated ears (mean 70        3  ), which was statistically different from control (mean 37        11  , P   =   0.009). No significant thermal @entity1 was observed, with preservation of the full thickness of skin, microvasculature, and adnexal structures. Confocal microscopy and histology demonstrated an intact and viable chondrocyte population surrounding irradiated sites. CONCLUSIONS: LCR with @entity2 spray cooling can produce clinically significant shape change in the @entity0 auricle while minimizing thermal cutaneous and @entity1 and frostbite. This pilot study lends support for the potential use of @entity2 spray as an adjunct to existing thermal-based cartilage reshaping modalities. An in vivo systematic evaluation of optimal laser dosimetry and cooling parameters is required. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:791-795, 2014.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: In vivo laser cartilage reshaping with @entity3 spray cooling in a XXXX ear model: A pilot study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Similar to conventional cryogen spray cooling, @entity3 ( @entity2 ) spray may be used in combination with laser cartilage reshaping (LCR) to produce cartilage shape change while minimizing cutaneous thermal injury. Recent ex vivo evaluation of LCR with @entity2 cooling in a @entity0 model has identified a promising initial parameter space for in vivo safety and efficacy evaluation. This pilot study aimed to evaluate shape change and @entity1 following LCR with @entity2 cooling in 5 live @entity0 . STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: The midportion of live @entity0 ears were irradiated with a 1.45     m wavelength diode laser (12   J/cm(2) ) with simultaneous @entity2 spray cooling (85   millisecond duration, 4 alternating heating/cooling cycles per site, 5 to 6 irradiation sites per row for 3 rows per ear). Experimental and control ears (no LCR) were splinted in the flexed position for 30 days following exposure. A total of 5 ears each were allocated to the experimental and control groups. RESULTS: Shape change was observed in all irradiated ears (mean 70        3  ), which was statistically different from control (mean 37        11  , P   =   0.009). No significant thermal @entity1 was observed, with preservation of the full thickness of skin, microvasculature, and adnexal structures. Confocal microscopy and histology demonstrated an intact and viable chondrocyte population surrounding irradiated sites. CONCLUSIONS: LCR with @entity2 spray cooling can produce clinically significant shape change in the @entity0 auricle while minimizing thermal cutaneous and @entity1 and frostbite. This pilot study lends support for the potential use of @entity2 spray as an adjunct to existing thermal-based cartilage reshaping modalities. An in vivo systematic evaluation of optimal laser dosimetry and cooling parameters is required. Lasers Surg. Med. 46:791-795, 2014.    2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: In vivo laser cartilage reshaping with XXXX spray cooling in a @entity0 ear model: A pilot study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: This systematic review evaluated the effectiveness of distraction for reducing @entity0 distress during vaccinations in young @entity0 aged 0 to 3 years. DESIGN/METHODS: Database searches identified relevant randomized and quasi-randomized controlled trials. Three separate clinical questions related to variants of the psychological strategy of distraction (directed video; directed toy; nondirected toy) were pursued. @entity1 was identified as the critical outcome to assess the benefits of distraction and extracted from relevant trials. @entity1 was analyzed by phase of procedure (distress preprocedure; distress acute; distress recovery; idiosyncratic phases based on some or all of the 3 aforementioned phases). RESULTS: Ten studies were included in the review. Significant results are presented herein. For directed video distraction, moderate quality evidence suggested that distress was lowered in the treatment group standardized mean difference ( @entity2 -0.68 lower [95% confidence interval (CI), -1.04 to -0.32]) for the acute+recovery phase as well as the preprocedure phase ( @entity2 -0.49 lower [95% CI, -7.6 to -0.22]). For directed toy distraction, the analysis of low-quality evidence for a combined preprocedure+acute+recovery phase of distress (analysis n=81), suggested that distress was lowered in the treatment group ( @entity2 -0.47 lower [95% CI, -0.91 to -0.02]). An effect for nondirected toy distraction was also seen, analyzing very-low-quality evidence, for the acute distress phase (n=290; @entity2 -0.93 lower [95% CI, -1.86 to 0.00]). CONCLUSION: Generally low-quality to very-low-quality evidence suggests that there may be an effect of directed (toy and video) and nondirected toy distraction for @entity0 aged 0 to 3 years, for certain phases of the vaccination.

title: Psychological Interventions for Vaccine Injections in Young XXXX 0 to 3 Years: Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials and Quasi-Randomized Controlled Trials.

answer: @entity0


abstract: During @entity3 , endothelial barrier dysfunction contributes to cardiovascular failure, mainly through the release of oxidative metabolites by penetrant leukocytes. We reported the non-muscular isoform of myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK) playing a pivotal role in @entity2 associated with oxidative and nitrative stresses, and @entity5 . The present study was aimed at understanding the molecular mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced vascular alterations as well as studying a probable functional association of nmMLCK with nuclear factor k-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB). Aortic rings from @entity1 were exposed in  vitro to LPS and, then, vascular reactivity was measured. @entity0 aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) were incubated with LPS, and interaction of nmMLCK with NF-kB was analysed. We provide evidence that nmMLCK deletion prevents @entity5 induced by in  vitro LPS treatment but not @entity4 in the aorta. Deletion of nmMLCK inhibits LPS-induced NF-kB activation and increases @entity7 (NO) release via induction of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) within the vascular wall. Also, removal of endothelium prevented both NF-kB and @entity8 expression in aortic rings. Among the proinflammatory factors released by LPS-treated endothelial cells, @entity6 accounts for the induction of @entity8 on smooth muscle cells in response to LPS. Of particular interest is the demonstration that, in HAoECs, LPS-induced NF-kB activation occurs via increased @entity9 activity sensitive to the @entity9 inhibitor, @entity10 , and physical interactions between nmMLCK and NF-kB. We report for the first time on NF-kB as a novel partner of nmMLCK within endothelial cells. The present study demonstrates a pivotal role of nmMLCK in vascular inflammatory pathologies.

title: Interaction in endothelium of non-muscular @entity9 and the NF-kB pathway is critical to lipopolysaccharide-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: During @entity3 , endothelial barrier dysfunction contributes to cardiovascular failure, mainly through the release of oxidative metabolites by penetrant leukocytes. We reported the non-muscular isoform of myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK) playing a pivotal role in @entity2 associated with oxidative and nitrative stresses, and @entity5 . The present study was aimed at understanding the molecular mechanism of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced vascular alterations as well as studying a probable functional association of nmMLCK with nuclear factor k-light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB). Aortic rings from @entity1 were exposed in  vitro to LPS and, then, vascular reactivity was measured. @entity0 aortic endothelial cells (HAoECs) were incubated with LPS, and interaction of nmMLCK with NF-kB was analysed. We provide evidence that nmMLCK deletion prevents @entity5 induced by in  vitro LPS treatment but not @entity4 in the aorta. Deletion of nmMLCK inhibits LPS-induced NF-kB activation and increases @entity7 (NO) release via induction of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) within the vascular wall. Also, removal of endothelium prevented both NF-kB and @entity8 expression in aortic rings. Among the proinflammatory factors released by LPS-treated endothelial cells, @entity6 accounts for the induction of @entity8 on smooth muscle cells in response to LPS. Of particular interest is the demonstration that, in HAoECs, LPS-induced NF-kB activation occurs via increased @entity9 activity sensitive to the @entity9 inhibitor, @entity10 , and physical interactions between nmMLCK and NF-kB. We report for the first time on NF-kB as a novel partner of nmMLCK within endothelial cells. The present study demonstrates a pivotal role of nmMLCK in vascular inflammatory pathologies.

title: Interaction in endothelium of non-muscular XXXX and the NF-kB pathway is critical to lipopolysaccharide-induced @entity5 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study explores whether self-reported depth of hypnosis and hypnotic suggestibility are associated with individual differences in neuroanatomy and/or levels of functional connectivity. Twenty-nine @entity0 varying in suggestibility were recruited and underwent structural, and after a hypnotic induction, functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest. We used voxel-based morphometry to assess the correlation of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and white matter (WM) against the independent variables: depth of hypnosis, level of relaxation and hypnotic suggestibility. Functional networks identified with independent components analysis were regressed with the independent variables. @entity2 ratings were positively correlated with @entity1 volume in the frontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Hypnotic suggestibility was positively correlated with @entity1 volume in the left temporal-occipital cortex. Relaxation ratings did not correlate significantly with @entity1 volume and none of the independent variables correlated with regional WM volume measures. Self-reported deeper levels of hypnosis were associated with less connectivity within the anterior default mode network. Taken together, the results suggest that the greater @entity1 volume in the medial frontal cortex and ACC, and lower connectivity in the DMN during hypnosis facilitate experiences of greater @entity2 . The patterns of results suggest that @entity2 and hypnotic suggestibility should not be considered synonyms.

title: Structural and functional correlates of XXXX and suggestibility.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common adverse effects of atypical antipsychotic treatments for @entity1 are @entity3 and lipid metabolism abnormality. We aimed to identify the signs of metabolic problems with continuous atypical antipsychotic treatment for @entity1 over a 2-year period. METHODS: The @entity0 were 68 @entity1 @entity0 (29 males, 39 females; ages 53.4    13.5 years old). Changes in @entity4 metabolism and changes in physical characteristics were studied over a 2-year period. In addition, functional single @entity5 polymorphisms in the transcriptional regulatory region of the @entity6 gene were examined. RESULTS: We found no changes in the mental state of the @entity0 over a 2-year period. @entity0 did show a significant decrease in total @entity2 and hemoglobin A1c levels, although physical changes such as body mass index and abdominal girth, were not observed. The amount of @entity6 may not be associated with mental states and physical parameters. CONCLUSIONS: We could not find physical factors related to metabolic changes of antipsychotics in this 2-year study. However, several psychological factors, such as health-related thoughts and behaviors, should be studied in the future.

title: Metabolic status and @entity6 in chronic XXXX over a 2-year period with continuous atypical antipsychotics.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common adverse effects of atypical antipsychotic treatments for @entity1 are @entity3 and lipid metabolism abnormality. We aimed to identify the signs of metabolic problems with continuous atypical antipsychotic treatment for @entity1 over a 2-year period. METHODS: The @entity0 were 68 @entity1 @entity0 (29 males, 39 females; ages 53.4    13.5 years old). Changes in @entity4 metabolism and changes in physical characteristics were studied over a 2-year period. In addition, functional single @entity5 polymorphisms in the transcriptional regulatory region of the @entity6 gene were examined. RESULTS: We found no changes in the mental state of the @entity0 over a 2-year period. @entity0 did show a significant decrease in total @entity2 and hemoglobin A1c levels, although physical changes such as body mass index and abdominal girth, were not observed. The amount of @entity6 may not be associated with mental states and physical parameters. CONCLUSIONS: We could not find physical factors related to metabolic changes of antipsychotics in this 2-year study. However, several psychological factors, such as health-related thoughts and behaviors, should be studied in the future.

title: Metabolic status and XXXX in chronic @entity1 over a 2-year period with continuous atypical antipsychotics.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 caused by Opisthorchis viverrini, is of considerable public health importance in Southeast Asia, particularly in @entity8 @entity0 's Democratic Republic and Thailand. The @entity3 is associated with a number ofhepatobiliary diseases including @entity2 , @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: This study aims to localize the expression sites of 0. viverrini tubulin using immunohistochemistry by monoclonal anti a-tubulin (MAaT) and anti b-tubulin (MAbT). MATERIAL AND METHOD: The adult worms of O. viverrini, and the adult worm of O. viverrini in biliary system of hamsters were fixed, cryo-sectioned and then immunohistochemically stained. The sections were incubated with MAaTor MAbT. A positive test required the observation of brown-staining in the fluke's organs. RESULTS: The immunohistochemistry of MAaT and MAbT in adult worms of O. viverrini, and the adult worm of O. viverrini in biliary system of hamsters strongly expresses in the sperm and seminal vesicles of the worm. MAaT and MAbT expressed slightly in sub-tegumental tissue, stromalparenchyma, muscle fibers, and miracidium in the mature egg of the worm. No staining in the spermatogonia, gut epithelium, immature egg, tegument or vitelline glands of the worm nor in the hamster bile duct epithelium was seen. CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that O. viverrini tubulin is present in the reproductive organs and other important organs of the worm. Because it plays a key role in the biological processes of cellular motility and fertility it should be further studied in detail including the characterization, production of recombinant proteases, and their application in immunodiagnosis.

title: Localization of Tubulin from the Carcinogenic XXXX Liver Fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a surrogate markerfor @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and LDL-C/ HDL-C ratio is related to @entity4 or carotid plaque. Evaluate early @entity3 markers whether elevated levels of the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is a more significant predictor than LDL-C or HDL-C alone. OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between early @entity3 markers using @entity4 carotid plaque, carotidplaque type and LDL/HDL ratio surrogate maker and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross sectional study. Aged 18-80 years in cardiovascular clinic, Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand @entity4 carotid plaque and carotid plaque type were measured using a B-mode ultrasonography, ratio LDL/HDL, Framingham risk score and traditional @entity0 risk factors (age, body mass index (BMI), Waist hip ratio (WHR), gender total @entity1 , @entity2 , HDL-C, LDL-C) were assessed in the entire population. RESULTS: Population of 302 subjects (154 (51%) male) mean age (47.17    10.95 years) was recruited. The mean @entity4 0.71 mm (min 0.46 mm and max 1.22 mm). @entity4 correlated with WHR (p < 0.01), @entity6 (p < 0.01), total @entity1 (p = 0.032), @entity2 (p < 0.01) but not with LDL/HDL ratio, other traditional risk factors BMI, @entity5 , LDL-C and HDL-C. Carotid plaque showed association only with @entity2 (p = 0.011). Carotid plaque type showed association with age (p < 0.01), sex (0.03), Framingham risk score (p = 0.03), WHR (P = 0.01) and @entity6 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: No association between early @entity3 @entity4 carotid plaques, carotid plaque type with LDL/HDL ratio identified but closely associated with WHR.

title: Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein XXXX /High-Density Lipoprotein @entity1 Concentration Ratio and Early Marker of Carotid @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a surrogate markerfor @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and LDL-C/ HDL-C ratio is related to @entity4 or carotid plaque. Evaluate early @entity3 markers whether elevated levels of the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is a more significant predictor than LDL-C or HDL-C alone. OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between early @entity3 markers using @entity4 carotid plaque, carotidplaque type and LDL/HDL ratio surrogate maker and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross sectional study. Aged 18-80 years in cardiovascular clinic, Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand @entity4 carotid plaque and carotid plaque type were measured using a B-mode ultrasonography, ratio LDL/HDL, Framingham risk score and traditional @entity0 risk factors (age, body mass index (BMI), Waist hip ratio (WHR), gender total @entity1 , @entity2 , HDL-C, LDL-C) were assessed in the entire population. RESULTS: Population of 302 subjects (154 (51%) male) mean age (47.17    10.95 years) was recruited. The mean @entity4 0.71 mm (min 0.46 mm and max 1.22 mm). @entity4 correlated with WHR (p < 0.01), @entity6 (p < 0.01), total @entity1 (p = 0.032), @entity2 (p < 0.01) but not with LDL/HDL ratio, other traditional risk factors BMI, @entity5 , LDL-C and HDL-C. Carotid plaque showed association only with @entity2 (p = 0.011). Carotid plaque type showed association with age (p < 0.01), sex (0.03), Framingham risk score (p = 0.03), WHR (P = 0.01) and @entity6 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: No association between early @entity3 @entity4 carotid plaques, carotid plaque type with LDL/HDL ratio identified but closely associated with WHR.

title: Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein @entity1 /High-Density Lipoprotein XXXX Concentration Ratio and Early Marker of Carotid @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a surrogate markerfor @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and LDL-C/ HDL-C ratio is related to @entity4 or carotid plaque. Evaluate early @entity3 markers whether elevated levels of the LDL-C/HDL-C ratio is a more significant predictor than LDL-C or HDL-C alone. OBJECTIVE: To assess the correlation between early @entity3 markers using @entity4 carotid plaque, carotidplaque type and LDL/HDL ratio surrogate maker and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Cross sectional study. Aged 18-80 years in cardiovascular clinic, Suranaree University of Technology, Thailand @entity4 carotid plaque and carotid plaque type were measured using a B-mode ultrasonography, ratio LDL/HDL, Framingham risk score and traditional @entity0 risk factors (age, body mass index (BMI), Waist hip ratio (WHR), gender total @entity1 , @entity2 , HDL-C, LDL-C) were assessed in the entire population. RESULTS: Population of 302 subjects (154 (51%) male) mean age (47.17    10.95 years) was recruited. The mean @entity4 0.71 mm (min 0.46 mm and max 1.22 mm). @entity4 correlated with WHR (p < 0.01), @entity6 (p < 0.01), total @entity1 (p = 0.032), @entity2 (p < 0.01) but not with LDL/HDL ratio, other traditional risk factors BMI, @entity5 , LDL-C and HDL-C. Carotid plaque showed association only with @entity2 (p = 0.011). Carotid plaque type showed association with age (p < 0.01), sex (0.03), Framingham risk score (p = 0.03), WHR (P = 0.01) and @entity6 (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: No association between early @entity3 @entity4 carotid plaques, carotid plaque type with LDL/HDL ratio identified but closely associated with WHR.

title: Plasma Low-Density Lipoprotein @entity1 /High-Density Lipoprotein @entity1 Concentration Ratio and Early Marker of Carotid XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In the years from 1968-1977 to 44 out of 63 @entity0 with @entity1 of the nasopharynx and to 15 out of 19 @entity0 with @entity2 of the nasopharynx curative radiation therapy was applied. The survival-rates for all @entity1 amount to 63,2% after 3 years, and to 46,5% after 5 years. Half of the @entity0 live up to only 9% of their mean, age- and sex-dependent life expectancy. The prognosis differs with the histological type. @entity0 with @entity3 had the smallest chance of survival; half of them did not survive. 0.08% of their age-dependent life expectancy. Skeletal infiltration and metastases of the cervical lymph nodes have a bad influence on the therapeutic results. Local recurrences developed in 20% of the @entity0 . Using the examples of 3 @entity0 , who don't belong to the analyzed collective, we shall discuss and optimize the radiotherapeutic management. As a result it is found out, that the megavoltage irradiation therapy (42 MeV X-rays) makes a better dose distribution in tumour-volume than @entity4 60 rays.

title: [ XXXX of the Nasopharynx. Clinical aspects--treatment results--therapeutical improvements (author's transl)].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Peripheral venous access in elderly, hospitalized @entity0 is often challenging. The usual alternative is insertion of a central venous catheter, with associated risk for complications. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relative incidence of @entity5 secondary to lower as compared to upper extremity intravenous catheters (IVCs) and associated risk factors. A non-randomized, observational, cohort-controlled study was carried out. Consecutive @entity0 receiving a lower extremity IVC were enrolled and compared with @entity0 receiving an upper extremity IVC. @entity0 were followed from insertion until removal of the IVC. The major endpoint was @entity5 . The incidence of @entity5 secondary to upper extremity IVCs was 3/50 (6  %) compared to 5/53 (9.4  %) in @entity4 (  (2) Yates   =   0.08, p   =   0.776). Age, gender, @entity2 , @entity1 , site (arm versus leg, left versus right), and size of needle were not found to be risk factors for @entity5 according to univariate analysis. None of the @entity0 developed @entity3 . In elderly @entity0 with poor venous access, @entity4 are a reasonable and low-risk alternative to central venous catheters.

title: Relative incidence of XXXX associated with peripheral intravenous catheters in the lower versus upper extremities.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: Recent knowledge on the effects of @entity2 warrants greater precision for left-sided breast radiotherapy. Different breath-hold (BH) maneuvers (abdominal vs thoracic breathing) can lead to chest wall positional variations, even though the @entity1 's tidal volume remains consistent. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using optical tracking for real-time quality control of active breathing coordinator (ABC)-assisted deep inspiration BH (DIBH). METHODS: An in-house @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was used to monitor ABC-assisted DIBH. The stability and localization accuracy of the @entity3 were assessed with a ball-bearing phantom. Seven @entity1 with left-sided @entity0 were included. A free-breathing (FB) computed tomography (CT) scan and an ABC-assisted BH CT scan were acquired for each @entity1 . The @entity3 tracked an infrared (IR) marker affixed over the @entity1 's xiphoid process to measure the positional variation of each individual BH. Using the BH within which the CT scan was performed as the reference, the authors quantified intra- and interfraction BH variations for each @entity1 . To estimate the dosimetric impact of BH variations, the authors studied the positional correlation between the marker and the left breast using the FB CT and BH CT scans. The positional variations of 860 BHs as measured by the @entity3 were retrospectively incorporated into the original treatment plans to evaluate their dosimetric impact on breast and cardiac organs [heart and left anterior descending (LAD) artery]. RESULTS: The stability and localization accuracy of the @entity3 was within 0.2 mm along each direction. The mean intrafraction variation among treatment BHs was less than 2.8 mm in all directions. Up to 12.6 mm anteroposterior undershoot, where the @entity1 's chest wall displacement of a BH is less than that of a reference BH, was observed with averages of 4.4, 3.6, and 0.1 mm in the anteroposterior, craniocaudal, and mediolateral directions, respectively. A high positional correlation between the marker and the breast was found in the anteroposterior and craniocaudal directions with respective Pearson correlation values of 0.95 and 0.93, but no mediolateral correlation was found. Dosimetric impact of BH variations on breast coverage was negligible. However, the mean heart dose, mean LAD dose, and max LAD dose were estimated to increase from 1.4/7.4/18.6 Gy (planned) to 2.1/15.7/31.0 Gy (delivered), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In ABC-assisted DIBH, large positional variation can occur in some @entity1 , due to their different BH maneuvers. The authors' study has shown that @entity3 can be a valuable tool for real-time quality control of ABC-assisted DIBH.

title: Monitoring ABC-assisted deep inspiration breath hold for left-sided breast radiotherapy with an XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: It is proposed that most @entity6 originate in infancy and childhood, based on the early rise in sporadic @entity4 incidence, the pattern of radiation-induced risk (highest in those exposed as @entity0 ), and the high prevalence of sporadic @entity6 in @entity0 and adolescents (ultrasound screening after the Fukushima accident). The early origin can be linked to the growth pattern of follicular cells, with a high mitotic rate in infancy falling to very low replacement levels in adult life. The cell of origin of @entity4 , the differentiated follicular cell, has a limited growth potential. Unlike @entity1 originating in stem cells, loss of the usually tight link between differentiation and replicative senescence is required for immortalisation. It is suggested that this loss distinguishes larger clinically significant @entity6 from @entity6 of little clinical significance. @entity2 can then be divided into 3 stages: (1) initiation, the first mutation in the carcinogenic cascade, for radiation-induced @entity6 usually a @entity7 rearrangement, (2) progression, acquisition of the additional mutations needed for low-grade malignancy, and (3) escape, further mutations giving immortality and a higher net growth rate. Most @entity6 will not have achieved full immortality by adulthood, and remain as so-called micro- @entity3 with a very low growth rate. The use of the term ' @entity1 ' to describe @entity6 in older @entity0 encourages overtreatment and alarms @entity0 . Invasive @entity6 show a spectrum of malignancy, which at its lowest poses no threat to life. The treatment protocols and nomenclature for small @entity5 need to be reconsidered in the light of the new evidence available, the continuing discovery of smaller lesions, and the model of @entity2 proposed.

title: Thyroid Growth and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The consumption of @entity4 is associated with many health issues including @entity7 ( @entity7 ). The natural history of @entity7 involves the development of @entity6 , @entity0 ( @entity6 ), @entity1 and @entity1 . During the stage of @entity6 , the combination of @entity0 and cellular damage can progress to a severe condition termed @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of @entity2 remains uncharacterized. Some modulations have been identified in host defense and liver immunity mechanisms during @entity2 that highlight the role of intrahepatic lymphocyte accumulation and associated inflammatory cytokine responses. Also, it is hypothesized that @entity4 -induced @entity2 cells may significantly contribute to the aberrant lymphocytic distribution that is seen in @entity2 . In particular, the regulation of lymphocytes by hepatocytes may be disrupted in the alcoholic liver resulting in altered immunologic homeostasis and perpetuation of disease. In recent studies, it was demonstrated that the direct killing of activated T lymphocytes by hepatocytes is facilitated by the @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The @entity8 is a well-characterized glycoprotein receptor that is exclusively expressed by hepatocytes. This hepatic receptor is known for its role in the clearance of desialylated glycoproteins or cells, yet neither its physiological function nor its role in disease states has been determined. Interestingly, @entity4 markedly impairs @entity8 function; however, the effect @entity4 has on @entity8 -mediated @entity3 of lymphocytes remains to be elucidated. This review discusses the contribution of hepatocytes in immunological regulation and, importantly, how pathological effects of @entity5 disrupt hepatocellular-mediated defense mechanisms.

title: Hepatocyte-mediated XXXX and host defense mechanisms in the @entity4 -injured liver.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The consumption of @entity4 is associated with many health issues including @entity7 ( @entity7 ). The natural history of @entity7 involves the development of @entity6 , @entity0 ( @entity6 ), @entity1 and @entity1 . During the stage of @entity6 , the combination of @entity0 and cellular damage can progress to a severe condition termed @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of @entity2 remains uncharacterized. Some modulations have been identified in host defense and liver immunity mechanisms during @entity2 that highlight the role of intrahepatic lymphocyte accumulation and associated inflammatory cytokine responses. Also, it is hypothesized that @entity4 -induced @entity2 cells may significantly contribute to the aberrant lymphocytic distribution that is seen in @entity2 . In particular, the regulation of lymphocytes by hepatocytes may be disrupted in the alcoholic liver resulting in altered immunologic homeostasis and perpetuation of disease. In recent studies, it was demonstrated that the direct killing of activated T lymphocytes by hepatocytes is facilitated by the @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The @entity8 is a well-characterized glycoprotein receptor that is exclusively expressed by hepatocytes. This hepatic receptor is known for its role in the clearance of desialylated glycoproteins or cells, yet neither its physiological function nor its role in disease states has been determined. Interestingly, @entity4 markedly impairs @entity8 function; however, the effect @entity4 has on @entity8 -mediated @entity3 of lymphocytes remains to be elucidated. This review discusses the contribution of hepatocytes in immunological regulation and, importantly, how pathological effects of @entity5 disrupt hepatocellular-mediated defense mechanisms.

title: Hepatocyte-mediated @entity3 and host defense mechanisms in the XXXX -injured liver.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is highly prevalent among @entity0 ageing adults. The @entity5 caused by this long-term complication lead to poorer physical functioning, postural control and balance. These changes affect the activities of daily living and increase the risk of falling, subsequently leading to increased morbidity and decreased quality of life. Early detection of such functional limitations is important, as it may influence the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs and prevent further functional @entity3 . This review focuses on functional aspects related to balance, postural control and mobility in ageing adults suffering from @entity4 , as well as their assessment by valid, reliable and low-cost performance-based measurements. PUBMED was searched for articles in English published between 2004 and 2014. Search terms included @entity6 , balance, postural control, functional mobility, and functional outcomes. Reviewed literature indicates that simple and low-cost measurements, easy to include in clinical routines, can be used for @entity2 in complex functions, such as balance and mobility. Some studies have also been able to correlate results from @entity4 severity scales with those of functional tests, showing that applying such tests may improve the early diagnosis of this @entity1 . Berg Balance Scale, Dynamic Gait Index, Functional Reach Test, and Time Up and Go already have modified cut-off points for the @entity0 older population, but need validation for ageing adults with @entity4 . Further research on this subject should be addressed, in order to improve assessment outcomes.

title: Functional Aspects in Ageing Adults with XXXX . A Review.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE:: The treatment of @entity2 has seen changes in diagnosis and therapy in Germany. The objective of this analysis was to assess changes in therapy and outcome after @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) over the last 21 years. BACKGROUND:: The analysis was based on 3 prospective multicenter quality assurance studies conducted by the Institute for Quality Control in Operative Medicine of the University of Magdeburg. METHODS:: All inpatients with a diagnosis of @entity3 in these studies (1988/1989, 1996/1997, 2008/2009) were included. Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were performed. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS:: Data from 17,732 treatments of @entity0 diagnosed with @entity3 were collected. The average age of @entity0 increased between the 3 studies from 25.7 to 34.6 years (P < 0.001). The preoperative selection of LA or @entity4 was based on American Society of Anesthesiologists' classification (P < 0.001). Between 1996/1997 and 2008/2009, the share of LA climbed from 33.1% to 85.8% (P < 0.001). In the study from 2008 to 2009, LA showed a significant advantage over the conventional technique in wound healing disturbances (P < 0.001) and the clinical duration of stay (P < 0.001). At no stage of @entity1 did LA significantly increase @entity5 . The use of a stapler is currently the most common method of appendiceal stump closure (83.6%). CONCLUSIONS:: Changes in @entity0 data reflected demographic changes. Preoperative selection leads to 2 clearly defined groups. LA is the most dominant method of current operative therapy. The negative selection in @entity4 group has influenced the worse outcome of that group.

title: Clinical Health Service Research on the Surgical Therapy of XXXX : Comparison of Outcomes Based on 3 German Multicenter Quality Assurance Studies Over 21 Years.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether sociodemographic and geographic factors are associated with referral for surgery and receipt of recommended surgical intervention. BACKGROUND: Surgical interventions confer survival advantages compared with palliative therapies for @entity2 ( @entity2 ), but disparities exist in use of surgical intervention. Few have investigated referral for surgery as a potential barrier to surgical intervention, and little is known about the effects of @entity0 geographic factors, including proximity to surgical centers. METHODS: Data were abstracted from the @entity1 Registry for @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity2 from 2006 to 2011. Using hospital procedure volume data from the Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council, we calculated proximity to a surgical center. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine whether geographic, racial, socioeconomic, and clinical factors were associated with referral for surgery and receipt of a recommended surgical intervention. RESULTS: Of 3576 @entity0 with @entity2 , 41.0% were referred for surgery. @entity0 who lived closer to a surgical center were less likely to be referred for surgery (adjusted odds ratio=0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.68-0.92). Surgical referral was less likely among older, male @entity0 with Medicaid insurance and advanced @entity1 stage at diagnosis. Of those referred, 1276 (87.0%) underwent surgical intervention. Proximity to a surgical center was not associated with receipt of surgical intervention (P=0.27). @entity0 with distant @entity1 stage at diagnosis were less likely to receive recommended surgical intervention (adjusted odds ratio=0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.50). CONCLUSIONS: Geographic and sociodemographic disparities in referral for surgery may be major barriers to surgical intervention for @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Differences in Physician Referral Drive Disparities in Surgical Intervention for XXXX : A Retrospective Cohort Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 are the most frequently used animals in @entity4 studies. However, general @entity1 studies most often use Sprague-Dawley (SD) @entity0 . To reduce the number of animals needed for drug development, we examined whether @entity2 studies could be performed using SD @entity0 . A total of 19 drugs that had previously been shown to have @entity4 potential and 3 known @entity4 compounds were administered transdermally to @entity3 and SD @entity0 . Eleven of the potentially @entity4 drugs and 2 of the known @entity4 compounds were also administered orally to @entity3 and SD @entity0 . After administration, the animals were irradiated with UV-A (10 J/cm(2)) and UV-B (0.25 J/cm(2) in @entity3 and 0.031 J/cm(2) in SD @entity0 ) with doses based on standard @entity4 study guidelines and the results of a minimum erythema dose test, respectively. In the transdermal administration study, all of the known @entity4 compounds and 7 of the drugs induced @entity4 reactions. In the oral administration study, both known @entity4 compounds and 5 drugs induced @entity4 reactions in both species; one compound each was found to be toxic only in SD @entity0 or @entity3 . The concordance rate of @entity3 and SD @entity0 was 100% in the transdermal administration study and 85% in the oral administration study. This study demonstrated that @entity4 studies using SD @entity0 have the same potential to detect @entity4 compounds as studies using @entity3 .

title: Evaluation of XXXX study using SD @entity0 by transdermal and oral administration.

answer: @entity2