abstract: OBJECTIVE: In 2003 @entity5 was the sixth leading cause of @entity4 among @entity0 in Taiwan, but it is the fastest increasing (70%) alimentary tract @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different habits of betel nut chewing on @entity6 (SCC) and its interaction with cigarette use and @entity3 consumption. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All 165 cases were pathologically proven esophageal SCC @entity0 (all male, mean age = 56.0, range = 35-92 years) diagnosed by biopsy during gastroendoscopic examinations. The control group comprised 255 subjects (all male, mean age = 54.8, range = 40-92 years) selected from @entity0 who had visited the Otolaryngology Outpatient or Inpatient Department of KMUH owing to a benign lesion over this field. All were interviewed to collect demographic and substance use information by a trained interviewer using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: Smoking (aOR = 5.4, 95% CI = 2.4-12.9, PAR = 72%), alcoholic beverage drinking (aOR = 17.6, 95% CI = 9.3-35.2, PAR = 76%) and low education level are independent risk factors for @entity5 . Although betel nut chewers only had a borderline significant higher risk than nonchewers (aOR = 1.7; 95% CI = 0.8-3.1), those who chewed with a piece of betel inflorescence (aOR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.4-16.0) and swallow betel-quid juice (aOR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.3-9.3) had a significant higher risk. Significant dose-response effects were found in daily quantity of drinking and smoking. There is a synergistic effect of these three substances on the development of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Betel nut chewing plays a relevant role in the development of esophageal SCC but adds to the carcinogenetic effect of smoking and @entity3 drinking. Direct mucosal contact of betel juice may contribute to its @entity2 .

title: Interaction between cigarette, XXXX and betel nut use on @entity5 risk in Taiwan.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In 2003 @entity5 was the sixth leading cause of @entity4 among @entity0 in Taiwan, but it is the fastest increasing (70%) alimentary tract @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of different habits of betel nut chewing on @entity6 (SCC) and its interaction with cigarette use and @entity3 consumption. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All 165 cases were pathologically proven esophageal SCC @entity0 (all male, mean age = 56.0, range = 35-92 years) diagnosed by biopsy during gastroendoscopic examinations. The control group comprised 255 subjects (all male, mean age = 54.8, range = 40-92 years) selected from @entity0 who had visited the Otolaryngology Outpatient or Inpatient Department of KMUH owing to a benign lesion over this field. All were interviewed to collect demographic and substance use information by a trained interviewer using a standardized questionnaire. RESULTS: Smoking (aOR = 5.4, 95% CI = 2.4-12.9, PAR = 72%), alcoholic beverage drinking (aOR = 17.6, 95% CI = 9.3-35.2, PAR = 76%) and low education level are independent risk factors for @entity5 . Although betel nut chewers only had a borderline significant higher risk than nonchewers (aOR = 1.7; 95% CI = 0.8-3.1), those who chewed with a piece of betel inflorescence (aOR = 4.2, 95% CI = 1.4-16.0) and swallow betel-quid juice (aOR = 3.3, 95% CI = 1.3-9.3) had a significant higher risk. Significant dose-response effects were found in daily quantity of drinking and smoking. There is a synergistic effect of these three substances on the development of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Betel nut chewing plays a relevant role in the development of esophageal SCC but adds to the carcinogenetic effect of smoking and @entity3 drinking. Direct mucosal contact of betel juice may contribute to its @entity2 .

title: Interaction between cigarette, @entity3 and betel nut use on XXXX risk in Taiwan.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the increasing interest with botulinum toxin--A (BTX-A) application in the lower urinary tract, we investigated the BTX-A effects on the @entity2 prostate and also in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) due to @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: Transperineal injection into the prostate using transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) was performed throughout the study. Saline with or without 100 U of BTX-A was injected into mongrel @entity2 prostate. One or 3 months later, the prostate was harvested for morphologic and apoptotic study. In addition, eight @entity3 @entity0 refractory to alpha-blockers were treated with ultrasound guided intraprostatic injection of 200 U of BTX-A. RESULTS: In the BTX-A treated @entity2 , @entity1 and diffuse apoptosis was observed with H_E stain and TUNEL stain at 1 and 3 months. Clinically, the mean prostate volume, symptom score, and quality of life index were significantly reduced by 18.8%, 73.1%, and 61.5% respectively. Maximal flow rate significantly increased by 72.0%. CONCLUSION: Intraprostatic BTX-A injection induces prostate apotosis in @entity2 and relieves @entity4 in @entity0 . It is therefore a promising alternative treatment for refractory @entity4 due to @entity3 .

title: Intraprostatic injection of botulinum toxin type-A relieves @entity4 in XXXX and induces prostate apoptosis in @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the increasing interest with botulinum toxin--A (BTX-A) application in the lower urinary tract, we investigated the BTX-A effects on the @entity2 prostate and also in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) due to @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: Transperineal injection into the prostate using transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) was performed throughout the study. Saline with or without 100 U of BTX-A was injected into mongrel @entity2 prostate. One or 3 months later, the prostate was harvested for morphologic and apoptotic study. In addition, eight @entity3 @entity0 refractory to alpha-blockers were treated with ultrasound guided intraprostatic injection of 200 U of BTX-A. RESULTS: In the BTX-A treated @entity2 , @entity1 and diffuse apoptosis was observed with H_E stain and TUNEL stain at 1 and 3 months. Clinically, the mean prostate volume, symptom score, and quality of life index were significantly reduced by 18.8%, 73.1%, and 61.5% respectively. Maximal flow rate significantly increased by 72.0%. CONCLUSION: Intraprostatic BTX-A injection induces prostate apotosis in @entity2 and relieves @entity4 in @entity0 . It is therefore a promising alternative treatment for refractory @entity4 due to @entity3 .

title: Intraprostatic injection of botulinum toxin type-A relieves XXXX in @entity0 and induces prostate apoptosis in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the increasing interest with botulinum toxin--A (BTX-A) application in the lower urinary tract, we investigated the BTX-A effects on the @entity2 prostate and also in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) due to @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: Transperineal injection into the prostate using transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) was performed throughout the study. Saline with or without 100 U of BTX-A was injected into mongrel @entity2 prostate. One or 3 months later, the prostate was harvested for morphologic and apoptotic study. In addition, eight @entity3 @entity0 refractory to alpha-blockers were treated with ultrasound guided intraprostatic injection of 200 U of BTX-A. RESULTS: In the BTX-A treated @entity2 , @entity1 and diffuse apoptosis was observed with H_E stain and TUNEL stain at 1 and 3 months. Clinically, the mean prostate volume, symptom score, and quality of life index were significantly reduced by 18.8%, 73.1%, and 61.5% respectively. Maximal flow rate significantly increased by 72.0%. CONCLUSION: Intraprostatic BTX-A injection induces prostate apotosis in @entity2 and relieves @entity4 in @entity0 . It is therefore a promising alternative treatment for refractory @entity4 due to @entity3 .

title: Intraprostatic injection of botulinum toxin type-A relieves @entity4 in @entity0 and induces prostate apoptosis in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of Heidelberg Retinal Tomography II (HRTII) parameters in differentiating @entity3 with early or moderate @entity1 . METHODS: HRTII tests were performed on 70 eyes of 70 @entity0 with early or moderate @entity1 , and 70 eyes of 70 healthy subjects. HRTII stereometric parameters, global and sectorial rim area parameters were recorded. Sensitivity and specificity of each parameter were calculated. Cases were divided into three groups according to disc size as large, medium and small, and mean values of parameters in @entity2 and control groups were compared. RESULTS: Mean disc area was larger in the @entity2 group (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the two groups for all stereometric parameters, except height variation contour, mean @entity4 fibre layer thickness and @entity4 fibre layer cross-sectional area stereometric parameters. There was also a significant difference between the groups for global, temporal, superior temporal and inferior temporal rim area parameters. In small discs, however, this difference disappeared in all parameters except temporal rim area and superior temporal rim area sectorial parameters. When all the cases were included, the quartet parameters having the highest specificity (80%) and sensitivity (74.3%) were cup volume, rim volume, cup shape measure and height variation contour parameters. CONCLUSION: Some HRTII parameters have better sensitivity and specificity than the others. It is necessary to pay special attention in evaluating small discs.

title: Sensitivity and specificity of Heidelberg Retinal Tomography II parameters in detecting early and moderate XXXX : effect of disc size.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: A posterior subtenon injection of @entity7 is an alternative to intravitreal injection in @entity3 and is known to have fewer @entity2 . Here, we report a case of periocular abscess following posterior subtenon injection of @entity6 . METHODS: A 62-year-old @entity0 who had @entity3 and disc neovascularization underwent a posterior subtenon injection of @entity7 and panretinal laser photocoagulation. One month later a periocular abscess was noted in the inferotemporal area adjacent to the scleral wall. Pus was removed by fine-needle aspiration, and microbiologic cultures identified Pseudallescheria boydii. The @entity0 was given systemic and subconjunctival treatment with @entity5 . However, @entity8 and @entity1 worsened, and another posterior subtenon abscess was found. RESULTS: Despite long-term systemic and topical @entity5 therapy, @entity4 and vitreous opacity were shown on B-scan, and @entity9 bulbi resulted. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 and orbit can result in a poor visual outcome. Prompt surgical debridement and drainage of the abscess, along with appropriate antifungal therapy based on susceptibility testing, must be mandatory.

title: Periocular abscess caused by Pseudallescheria boydii after a posterior subtenon injection of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity1 has been associated with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and with its major phenotypic features, such as early ageing. In order to evaluate an in vivo pro-oxidant state, the following analytes were measured in a group of @entity5 @entity0 aged 2 months to 57 years: (a) leukocyte @entity8 ( @entity8 ); (b) blood @entity6 ; (c) plasma levels of: @entity11 (Glx) and @entity10 (MGlx); some antioxidants ( @entity3 , UA, @entity4 , AA and @entity2 ), and @entity7 oxidase (XO) activity. A significant 1.5-fold increase in @entity8 levels was observed in 28 @entity5 @entity0 vs. 63 controls, with a sharper increase in @entity5 @entity0 aged up to 30 years. The @entity9 :GSH x 100 ratio was significantly higher in young @entity5 @entity0 (< 15 years), in contrast to @entity5 @entity0 aged >or=15 years that showed a significant decrease in the @entity9 :GSH x 100 ratio ratio vs. controls of the respective age groups. Plasma Glx levels were significantly higher in young @entity5 @entity0 , whereas no significant difference was detected in @entity5 @entity0 aged >or=15 years. Unlike Glx, the plasma levels of MGlx were found to be significantly lower in @entity5 @entity0 vs. controls. A significant increase was observed in plasma levels of UA in @entity5 @entity0 that could be related to an increased plasma XO activity in @entity5 @entity0 . The plasma concentrations of AA were also increased in young (< 15 years) @entity5 @entity0 , but not in older @entity0 vs. controls in the same age range. The levels of @entity2 in @entity5 @entity0 did not differ from the values determined in control donors. The evidence for a multiple pro-oxidant state in young @entity5 @entity0 supports the role of oxidative stress in @entity5 phenotype, with relevant distinctions according to @entity0 ' ages.

title: Multiple evidence for an early age pro-oxidant state in Down Syndrome XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: For @entity0 with @entity2 in the head of the pancreas surgical resection remains the only chance of cure. Perioperative mortality could be reduced in the last years dramatically, postoperative morbidity, however, remains high. Only a small percentage of all @entity0 suffering from @entity3 are good candidates for an operative therapy. The most frequent contraindications are metastases in the liver or the peritoneum or a locally too advanced @entity1 . The extent of surgical resection necessary in @entity0 with @entity3 is still in discussion. Even after an operation under curative aspects long term results remain disappointing. Median survival still ranges only about 16 months. A substantial improvement of long term- survival can only be expected from new multimodal therapeutic strategies. Adjuvant chemotherapy should strongly be recommended after resection of a @entity3 . Neoadjuvant therapy on the other hand is still an experimental procedure and under evaluation in ongoing prospective randomized studies.

title: [Treatment of XXXX of the pancreatic head].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the disease incidence, clinical symptoms, prevention and treatment measures of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHOD: Retrospective analyse the medical history, hearing, vestibular function examination and treatment of 76 @entity5 @entity0 who were diagnosed in our department of Otolaryngology from 2002 to 2008. RESULT: Most @entity0 (93.4%) showed @entity4 . Part of @entity0 (61.8%) showed air-bone conduction gap in low frequency. The @entity2 of 43 ears is > 40-60 dB HL, > 60 -80 dB HL 47 ears, > 80 dB HL 62 ears. Decline curve is the characteristic of the Audiogram. The decline in high-frequency 112 ears, flat curve in 29 ears, island hearing in 11 ears. Forty-six @entity0 were conducted the vestibular function examination, which showed @entity1 . Tympanogram showed that 141 ears are type A, 11 ears are type C. High-resolution CT scan revealed that @entity5 minimum diameter is 2.2 mm and the largest is 6.2 mm, with a wide opening and deep narrower, and showed the "triangle" or "flared". Forty-two cases of this group were simple dilatation of the @entity5 , and no large vestibular semicircular canal @entity3 or @entity3 . There was no intellectual and other development disorders. In accordance with the degree of @entity2 , 20 cases of @entity0 restored hearing after drug treatment. Eleven were cases fit a suitable hearing aid and carried out the language rehabilitation training. Forty-five very severe @entity0 were implanted the cochlear and mapping one month later. CONCLUSION: Fluctuative and progressive @entity2 is the main clinical symptoms of @entity5 . The @entity0 should be examined by high resolution CT scan of the temporal bone. There is no precise and effective treatment for the disease. It is very important for the deaf @entity0 who have residual hearing to fit hearing aids and carry out the language rehabilitation training as soon as possible. As for the @entity0 who suffer from @entity2 severely and the hearing aid cannot achieve effective compensation, the cochlear implant should be considered.

title: [Experience of 76 cases of XXXX , clinical diagnosis and treatment].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is an invasive technique of artificial reproduction. We investigated the effect of ICSI on neuromotor development in 5-8 year old singletons. METHODS: We did a follow-up of ICSI-singletons born between 1996 and 1999 after treatment in the Leiden University Medical Center and compared them with matched controls born after @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and natural conception (NC). @entity0 underwent a thorough neurological examination that focused on minor @entity1 (MND). RESULTS: There were no differences in outcome between ICSI (n = 81) and @entity2 - @entity0 (n = 81), all born at term: MND prevalence 66.3% versus 61.3%, prevalence ratio (PR) 1.08 [0.83; 1.29]. MND prevalence among all ICSI- @entity0 (n = 87) was higher than among NC-controls (n = 85) (66.3% versus 50.6%, PR 1.31 [1.02; 1.55]). After adjustment for maternal age and parity, the PR remained elevated but was no longer statistically significant (adjusted PR 1.22 [0.86; 1.52]). When comparing only term ICSI and NC- @entity0 (n = 81; n = 85), the PR adjusted for maternal age and parity was 1.20 [0.83; 1.51]. CONCLUSIONS: Neuromotor outcome of 5-8 year old singletons born at term after ICSI or @entity2 was similar; ICSI- @entity0 (both the total group and term @entity0 only) deviated slightly from NC-controls. Part of this effect was explained by a difference in parity, but not prematurity.

title: Matched follow-up study of 5-8 year old ICSI-singletons: comparison of their neuromotor development to XXXX and naturally conceived singletons.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the early years of transplantation in Arizona, @entity4 occurred in 7% to 9% of recipients, with a mortality rate as high as 72% in some cases. In current transplant programs, however, evolution of immunosuppression and institution of targeted prophylaxis have resulted in @entity2 rates ranging from 1% to 2%. The clinical characteristics of this @entity2 among transplant recipients range from asymptomatic to fulminant and fatal. Dissemination is common, and mortality is high (28%). Because serologic response is often absent or slow, diagnosis can be challenging and often requires invasive diagnostic procedures. Pharmacologic treatment follows the guidelines of the @entity1 Society of America, but control of @entity2 may also dictate a decrease in immunosuppressant treatment. After @entity2 is controlled, secondary azole prophylaxis is recommended to prevent relapse. @entity0 with a history of @entity4 may undergo successful transplantation when disease is inactive and @entity3 prophylaxis is instituted. The incidence of donor-derived @entity4 is not known. The risk of @entity2 among transplant recipients visiting in or relocating to an endemic area is low, and routine prophylaxis for this group is not recommended.

title: XXXX in @entity0 who have undergone transplantation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In the early years of transplantation in Arizona, @entity4 occurred in 7% to 9% of recipients, with a mortality rate as high as 72% in some cases. In current transplant programs, however, evolution of immunosuppression and institution of targeted prophylaxis have resulted in @entity2 rates ranging from 1% to 2%. The clinical characteristics of this @entity2 among transplant recipients range from asymptomatic to fulminant and fatal. Dissemination is common, and mortality is high (28%). Because serologic response is often absent or slow, diagnosis can be challenging and often requires invasive diagnostic procedures. Pharmacologic treatment follows the guidelines of the @entity1 Society of America, but control of @entity2 may also dictate a decrease in immunosuppressant treatment. After @entity2 is controlled, secondary azole prophylaxis is recommended to prevent relapse. @entity0 with a history of @entity4 may undergo successful transplantation when disease is inactive and @entity3 prophylaxis is instituted. The incidence of donor-derived @entity4 is not known. The risk of @entity2 among transplant recipients visiting in or relocating to an endemic area is low, and routine prophylaxis for this group is not recommended.

title: @entity4 in XXXX who have undergone transplantation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Despite recent advances in treatment, @entity0 remains a serious health threat for @entity1 . Traditional chemotherapies are limited by a lack of specificity for @entity2 cells and the cell cycle dependence of many chemotherapeutic agents. Here we report a novel strategy to help overcome these limitations. Using triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) to direct DNA damage site-specifically to oncogenes overexpressed in @entity1 @entity0 cells, we show that the effectiveness of the anticancer @entity5 analogue @entity3 can be improved significantly. TFOs targeted to the promoter region of @entity4 directly inhibited gene expression by approximately 40%. When used in combination, specific TFOs increased the incorporation of @entity3 at the targeted site approximately 4-fold, presumably due to induction of replication-independent DNA synthesis. Cells treated with TFOs and @entity3 in combination showed a reduction in both cell survival and capacity for anchorage-independent growth (approximately 19% of untreated cells). This combination affected the tumorigenic potential of these @entity2 cells to a significantly greater extent than either treatment alone. This novel strategy may be used to increase the range of effectiveness of antitumor nucleosides in any @entity2 which overexpresses a targetable oncogene. Multifaceted chemotherapeutic approaches such as this, coupled with triplex-directed gene targeting, may lead to more than incremental improvements in nonsurgical treatment of @entity0 .

title: Targeting oncogenes to improve XXXX chemotherapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: SETTING: Health centres in Awassa, southern Ethiopia. DESIGN: Consecutive @entity0 visiting health centre laboratories for the evaluation of suspected @entity2 ( @entity1 ) between June and September 2006 were investigated. On-the-spot, morning and second on-the-spot sputum samples were pooled for each @entity0 . Direct smears were stained with hot Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) technique and aliquots cultured for mycobacteria on L  wenstein-Jensen media. The remaining sputum was treated with household bleach, aliquoted and processed with short-term digestion, centrifugation and sedimentation techniques, and stained with ZN. RESULTS: Acid-fast bacilli were detected in respectively 126 (25%), 141 (28%), 169 (34%) and 198 (40%) of the 497 pooled sputum samples processed by the direct, short-term, sedimentation and centrifugation techniques (P < 0.001). The sensitivity of the direct, short-term, sedimentation and centrifugation techniques was respectively 51.1%, 53.2%, 57.6% and 63.6%. The difference between the direct smear and centrifugation (P < 0.001) or sedimentation (P < 0.005) methods was significant. The specificity of the direct, short-term digestion, sedimentation and centrifugation techniques was respectively 97%, 93%, 86.5% and 80.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Bleach treatment of sputum and centrifugation significantly improves the sensitivity of smear microscopy for the diagnosis of @entity1 in a health centre in a high @entity1 burden area. It is more sensitive, but possibly less specific, than other bleach methods.

title: Validation of bleach-treated smears for the diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: We believe @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is not necessary in @entity0 with an @entity2 greater than 2.0 cm. DESIGN: A retrospective review of @entity0 with a histologically confirmed @entity2 from April 1, 1980, to February 28, 2005, and an analysis of the literature. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. @entity0 : Forty-eight @entity0 (34 females and 14 males) with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity2 were included in the study. Appendiceal @entity4 was diagnosed incidentally in all 48 @entity0 . @entity0 ages ranged from 11 to 86 years (mean age, 41 years). Postoperative follow-up and disease-free survival were confirmed in 33 @entity0 via medical record review. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed the relationship between survival, @entity1 size, and the role of @entity3 vs appendectomy alone. RESULTS: Four @entity0 in our series underwent secondary @entity3 and lymph node dissection for @entity1 greater than 2.0 cm, and none had positive lymph nodes. Following review of the literature, we were unable to find any recent evidence of distant metastasis from @entity4 in @entity0 already treated by appendectomy. There seem to be no conclusive data to support the notion that @entity3 confers a survival benefit over appendectomy for @entity4 greater than 2.0 cm. CONCLUSION: @entity2 greater than 2.0 cm can be managed effectively with simple appendectomy, given their low malignant potential and slow growth, obviating the need for @entity3 in this group of @entity0 without affecting overall survival.

title: Is XXXX for 2.0-cm appendiceal @entity4 justified?

answer: @entity3


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: We believe @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is not necessary in @entity0 with an @entity2 greater than 2.0 cm. DESIGN: A retrospective review of @entity0 with a histologically confirmed @entity2 from April 1, 1980, to February 28, 2005, and an analysis of the literature. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. @entity0 : Forty-eight @entity0 (34 females and 14 males) with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity2 were included in the study. Appendiceal @entity4 was diagnosed incidentally in all 48 @entity0 . @entity0 ages ranged from 11 to 86 years (mean age, 41 years). Postoperative follow-up and disease-free survival were confirmed in 33 @entity0 via medical record review. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We assessed the relationship between survival, @entity1 size, and the role of @entity3 vs appendectomy alone. RESULTS: Four @entity0 in our series underwent secondary @entity3 and lymph node dissection for @entity1 greater than 2.0 cm, and none had positive lymph nodes. Following review of the literature, we were unable to find any recent evidence of distant metastasis from @entity4 in @entity0 already treated by appendectomy. There seem to be no conclusive data to support the notion that @entity3 confers a survival benefit over appendectomy for @entity4 greater than 2.0 cm. CONCLUSION: @entity2 greater than 2.0 cm can be managed effectively with simple appendectomy, given their low malignant potential and slow growth, obviating the need for @entity3 in this group of @entity0 without affecting overall survival.

title: Is @entity3 for 2.0-cm appendiceal XXXX justified?

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reasons for persistent differences in @entity0 mortality rates among various racial and ethnic groups have been difficult to ascertain. OBJECTIVE: To determine reasons for disparities in @entity0 outcomes across racial and ethnic groups. DESIGN: Prospective cohort. SETTING: The authors pooled data from 7 mammography registries that participate in the National @entity2 Institute-funded @entity0 Surveillance Consortium. @entity2 diagnoses were ascertained through linkage with pathology databases; Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results programs; and state @entity2 registries. @entity1 : 1,010,515 @entity1 40 years of age and older who had at least 1 mammogram between 1996 and 2002; 17,558 of these @entity1 had diagnosed @entity0 . MEASUREMENTS: Patterns of mammography and the probability of inadequate mammography screening were examined. The authors evaluated whether overall and advanced @entity2 rates were similar across racial and ethnic groups and whether these rates were affected by the use of mammography. RESULTS: African-American, Hispanic, Asian, and Native American @entity1 were more likely than white @entity1 to have received inadequate mammographic screening (relative risk, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.2 to 1.2], 1.3 [CI, 1.2 to 1.3], 1.4 [CI, 1.3 to 1.4], and 1.2 [CI, 1.1 to 1.2] respectively). African-American @entity1 were more likely than white, Asian, and Native American @entity1 to have large, advanced-stage, high-grade, and lymph node-positive @entity2 of the breast. The observed differences in advanced @entity2 rates between African American and white @entity1 were attenuated or eliminated after the cohort was stratified by screening history. Among @entity1 who were previously screened at intervals of 4 to 41 months, African-American @entity1 were no more likely to have large, advanced-stage @entity2 or lymph node involvement than white @entity1 with the same screening history. African-American @entity1 had higher rates of high-grade @entity2 than white @entity1 regardless of screening history. The lower rates of advanced @entity2 among Asian and Native American @entity1 persisted when the cohort was stratified by mammography history. LIMITATIONS: Results are based on a cohort of @entity1 who had received mammographic evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: African-American @entity1 are less likely to receive adequate mammographic screening than white @entity1 , which may explain the higher prevalence of advanced @entity0 among African-American @entity1 . Tumor characteristics may also contribute to differences in @entity2 outcomes because African-American @entity1 have higher-grade @entity2 than white @entity1 regardless of screening. These results suggest that adherence to recommended mammography screening intervals may reduce @entity0 mortality rates.

title: Does utilization of screening mammography explain racial and ethnic differences in XXXX ?

answer: @entity0


abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Increased technical failure has been reported for cross-arch @entity1 ( @entity1 ), particularly for cantilever units with minimum osseous support. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of severely reduced bone support on the stress field developed within the connectors for 3 types of cross-arch @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six digital parametric models were developed, derived from a 3-dimensional (3-D) initial model. The latter simulated a @entity0 mandible, dentate bilaterally to second premolars, with normal height of alveolar bone. In the initial model, the teeth were prepared and splinted with a cross-arch @entity2 bilaterally with one of the following: no cantilever, 1-unit cantilever, or 2-unit cantilever. All structures were obtained from computed tomography (CT)-scan images or constructed in 3-D computer-aided design (CAD) and reverse engineering environments. A 3-D finite element analysis (3-D FEA) was performed. RESULTS: The reduction of the alveolar bone in the no-cantilever @entity2 model caused a greater increase of stress in the region of connectors among the splinted teeth in comparison to the 1- and 2-unit cantilever @entity2 model. The stress state within the connectors of the cantilever segment remained constant. The connectors proximal to the retaining abutment demonstrated the highest stress values, independent of the osseous support. The stress values in the region of the same connectors in the 2-unit cantilever restoration were almost double, compared to the 1-unit cantilever model. Decreasing the osseous level in the 1- and 2-unit cantilever @entity2 models caused milder stress distribution and magnitude in the region of connectors among the splinted teeth. CONCLUSIONS: The stress field developed within the connectors of the cantilever segment is independent of the osseous level. The stress field within the connectors among splinted teeth depends on the osseous support and both the presence and length of the cantilever segment. Furthermore, this study indicates that adding a cantilever segment has a positive effect on the stress behavior of the splinted teeth connectors in situations of reduced osseous support.

title: Effect of severely reduced bone support on the stress field developed within the connectors of three types of cross-arch XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Adiponectin, a circulating adipocyte-derived hormone, exerts beneficial actions on hearts subjected to @entity1 -reperfusion injury. Adiponectin exists in plasma as three different oligomeric forms: trimer, hexamer and high molecular weight. This study investigated the expression and myocardial accumulation of adiponectin in a @entity0 model of @entity1 -reperfusion injury. METHODS: Wild-type and adiponectin deficient @entity0 were subjected to left anterior descending artery ligation followed by reperfusion. Plasma adiponectin levels were analyzed by ELISA and adiponectin in heart was determined by immunohistochemical, Western blot and real-time PCR analyses. RESULTS: Plasma adiponectin levels declined after @entity2 -reperfusion injury due to reductions in high molecular weight and, to a lesser extent, trimer and hexamer isoforms. Adiponectin protein was detected in injured but not sham-operated heart, and this was accompanied by a negligible increase in adiponectin transcript in the myocardium. Systemic delivery of adiponectin to adiponectin knockout (APN-KO) @entity0 led to the accumulation of adiponectin in @entity1 -reperfusion-injured, but not-uninjured hearts at levels comparable to wild-type suggesting that cardiac expression of adiponectin does not appreciably contribute to its accumulation in the infarcted heart. The serum half-life of adiponectin was 7.4+/-0.3 h in @entity1 -reperfusion and 9.7+/-0.5 h in sham-operated @entity0 (P>0.05), whereas the half-life of adiponectin in the damaged heart was 26.9+/-2.2 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These data show that adiponectin accumulates in the heart following @entity3 primarily through leakage from the vascular compartment, and that adiponectin has a longer half-life in damaged heart tissue than in plasma.

title: Adiponectin accumulates in myocardial tissue that has been damaged by XXXX -reperfusion injury via leakage from the vascular compartment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Many aspects of life in plants, animals and @entity0 are controlled by light. Endogenous, so-called circadian rhythms in the body deviate from the exact 24-hour day and have typically a period of around 25.5 hours in @entity0 . Normally these rhythms adapt to the external 24-hour day-and night changes but under constant conditions the rhythms can free run. Many studies show how important the interplay between light and the circadian rhythms are for @entity0 as well as for other organisms. The control of these rhythms by light is mediated via the retina and the @entity2 system in @entity0 . The adaptation of the rhythms is very important in shift work, in rapid jet lag travels over time zones, etc. Organisms often use the circadian rhythm to determine the length of day and of night, a feature that has given rise to the term biological clocks. A biological clock provides possibilities to determine the proper time for physiological processes to start in plants and animals (flowering, hibernation etc). The importance of light and circadian rhythms for @entity3 and @entity1 is also discussed. For several organisms one has now been able to specify genes that determine the period of the clocks. The rhythmic physiologic processes, the light reactions and the general importance of light for rhythms and for @entity0 are now studied at the molecular level.

title: [Rhythms, XXXX and light].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Objectives. To explore research mentoring experiences and perceived mentoring needs of @entity1 and disability researchers at different career stages. Design. Focus group and individual interviews with rehabilitation researchers at various career stages based in hospitals, universities, and hospital-based research institutes in Ontario, Canada. Results. The overall theme was mentoring for transition. @entity0 across career stages referred to helpful mentoring experiences as those that assisted them to move from their previous stage into the present stage or from the present stage into their next career progression. Unhelpful mentoring experiences were characterized by mentor actions that were potentially detrimental to transition. Subsumed under this theme were three categories. The first, "hidden information" referred to practical information that was difficult to access. The second "delicate issues" referred to helping the @entity0 work through issues related to sensitive matters, the discussion of which could put the @entity0 or their colleagues in a vulnerable position. The third category was "special challenges of clinician-researchers". Conclusions. Helpful mentoring for rehabilitation researchers working on concerns related to @entity1 and disability appears to be characterized by interaction with more experienced individuals who aid the researcher work through issues related to career transition.

title: Mentoring experiences of XXXX and disability rehabilitation researchers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of feeding higher supplemental @entity1 (VE) concentrations on male reproductive variables, fertility and hatchability of quails. 2. In experiment 1, sixty 5-week-old male quails, reared in individual cages, were fed male breeder diets supplemented with 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 IU @entity3 /kg. At 10 weeks, observations on cloacal gland size, foam production, testes weight and blood samples for @entity0 estimation were taken. 3. In experiment 2, 50 male and 50 female cage-reared quails (5 weeks old) were fed male breeder and layer rations, respectively, supplemented with 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 IU/kg. At 13 weeks, 9 different mating pairs (5 pairs/group) were formed. Group 1 contained one control male and one control female in each of 5 pens. In groups 2 to 5, control males were paired with females on supplements of 75, 150, 225 or 300 IU/kg. In groups 6 to 9, control females were paired with males on supplements of 75, 150, 225 and 300 IU/kg. During subsequent adaptation and egg collection periods, each of 10 d, control layer ration was fed to all groups. All the eggs laid during the 10-d egg collection period were incubated artificially to estimate fertility and hatchability. The trial was repeated at 15 weeks. 4. Adult male quails receiving moderate supplemental VE (75 and 150 IU/kg) had a higher cloacal gland index, quantity of foam secretion, testicular weight and plasma @entity0 than quails fed on either @entity7 or more highly supplemented diets (225 and 300 IU alpha- @entity5 /kg). 5. It was concluded that a supplement of 75 IU VE/kg in @entity4 / @entity2 diet could provide the best reproductive performance of male breeder quails. Cloacal gland index, quantity of foam secretion, testicular weight and plasma @entity0 can serve as indirect indicators of testicular activity and fertilising ability in quails. Supplemental VE did not affect the fertility and hatchability of male and female @entity6 .

title: Effects of supplemental XXXX in diet of @entity6 on male reproduction, fertility and hatchability.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of feeding higher supplemental @entity1 (VE) concentrations on male reproductive variables, fertility and hatchability of quails. 2. In experiment 1, sixty 5-week-old male quails, reared in individual cages, were fed male breeder diets supplemented with 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 IU @entity3 /kg. At 10 weeks, observations on cloacal gland size, foam production, testes weight and blood samples for @entity0 estimation were taken. 3. In experiment 2, 50 male and 50 female cage-reared quails (5 weeks old) were fed male breeder and layer rations, respectively, supplemented with 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 IU/kg. At 13 weeks, 9 different mating pairs (5 pairs/group) were formed. Group 1 contained one control male and one control female in each of 5 pens. In groups 2 to 5, control males were paired with females on supplements of 75, 150, 225 or 300 IU/kg. In groups 6 to 9, control females were paired with males on supplements of 75, 150, 225 and 300 IU/kg. During subsequent adaptation and egg collection periods, each of 10 d, control layer ration was fed to all groups. All the eggs laid during the 10-d egg collection period were incubated artificially to estimate fertility and hatchability. The trial was repeated at 15 weeks. 4. Adult male quails receiving moderate supplemental VE (75 and 150 IU/kg) had a higher cloacal gland index, quantity of foam secretion, testicular weight and plasma @entity0 than quails fed on either @entity7 or more highly supplemented diets (225 and 300 IU alpha- @entity5 /kg). 5. It was concluded that a supplement of 75 IU VE/kg in @entity4 / @entity2 diet could provide the best reproductive performance of male breeder quails. Cloacal gland index, quantity of foam secretion, testicular weight and plasma @entity0 can serve as indirect indicators of testicular activity and fertilising ability in quails. Supplemental VE did not affect the fertility and hatchability of male and female @entity6 .

title: Effects of supplemental @entity1 in diet of XXXX on male reproduction, fertility and hatchability.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The sensitivity of the circadian photoreceptors mediating entrainment of the eclosion rhythm and phase shifts of oviposition rhythm of the high altitude (HA) strain of @entity1 originating from Badrinath (5123 m above sea level) in the Himalayas was compared with the low altitude (LA) strain from Firozpur (179 m above sea level). Reduced photic sensitivity of the @entity0 is regarded as the result of natural selection, which led to the weakening of the coupling mechanism between the circadian pacemaker and light at the high altitude of origin. The present study was designed to determine whether or not the photic entrainment of the oviposition rhythm of the @entity0 of @entity1 is also altered by the high altitude of its origin, and the results are compared with those of the LA strain. The effects of light intensity on the phase angle difference (Psi), degree of rhythmicity (R), the percent oviposition in photophase, the threshold light intensity (i.e., the intensity at which stable entrainment occurred), and the saturation light intensity (i.e., the intensity beyond which the values of Psi or amplitude of rhythm remained unaltered) were determined. Entrainment was studied in light-dark cycles in which the light intensity of 12 h of photophase varied from 1 to 1000 lux, and complete darkness prevailed in all scotophases. The oviposition rhythm of the @entity0 was arrhythmic from 1 to 90 lux, weakly rhythmic at 95 lux, but rhythmic at or above 100 lux, while that of the LA strain was weakly rhythmic at 1 lux but rhythmic at or above 2 lux. Oviposition of the @entity0 occurred mostly in the photophase, while that of the LA strain occurred in the scotophase; as a result, the oviposition medians of the @entity0 were around the subjective forenoons while those of the LA strain were around the subjective evenings. The percent of oviposition in photophase increased from 68 to 98 in the @entity0 and from 5 to 33 in the LA strain as light intensity increased from 1 to 1000 lux. In the @entity0 , the Psi values were significantly less and values of R and percent oviposition in photophase were significantly more than those of the LA strain at each level of light intensity. Threshold and saturation intensities for Psi were 100 and 700 lux, respectively, for the @entity0 , but just 2 and 45 lux, respectively, for the LA strain. The saturation intensity for R was 650 and 700 lux for the HA and LA strains, respectively. These results extend the confirmation that the reduced photic sensitivity of the @entity0 might have been acquired through natural selection in response to environmental conditions at the high altitude of its origin.

title: Effect of light intensity on the oviposition rhythm of the altitudinal strains of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Inaccurate coronal plane realignment is a common problem after high tibial osteotomy. It has been shown that lower @entity0 has an effect on the two-dimensional measurement of lower limb alignment. Although @entity1 are known to occur due to @entity0 , the magnitude of this effect is unknown. Navigation systems allow for the measurements of coronal plane alignment and dynamically rotational and sagittal plane. Our study evaluated the effect of rotational leg movements on coronal plane alignment as determined by image-free navigation. We hypothesized that a linear relationship exists between rotation and angular measurements. Eight cadavers were used, while three test conditions of the complete lower limbs were established: (1) solid knee arthrodesis, (2) provisional knee arthrodesis and (3) unconstrained knee conditions. Navigated measurements of coronal and sagittal lower limb @entity2 were done initially without knee flexion for defined internal/external rotations of 5 degrees, 10 degrees and maximal values for all test series. Repeated test for the unconstrained knee included stepwise knee flexion of 5 degrees, 10 degrees and 20 degrees. Statistical analysis comparing the test conditions 1, 2 and 3 and comparison between flexion movements of the unconstrained knee were done. Results revealed no significant differences between the different rotations of test condition 1 (mean 0.34 degrees, SD 0.23, range, 0 degrees-0.8 degrees). Condition 2 similarly did not result in significant deviations (mean 0.51 degrees, SD 0.24, range 0.1 degrees-0.9 degrees). Measurement deviations ranging from 0.4 degrees to 4.3 degrees were found for condition 3, the unconstrained knee. However, no statistically different testings from the arthrodesed knee were found (P=0.099-0.410). Knee flexion from 5 degrees, 10 degrees or 20 degrees, showed significant deviations (P<0.05) for all rotations at all degrees of flexion. Rotation and flexion of 5 degrees led to significant @entity1 of 3.4 degrees and 2.8 degrees, respectively, for internal and external rotations. Measurement failures due to the rotational movements of 1 degree-4 degrees might add to additional sources of errors causing relevant under- or over-corrections of the mechanical leg @entity2 . @entity2 due to rotational movements as well as flexion of the knee joint can be avoided and corrected immediately with the help of navigation.

title: Influence of lower XXXX in navigated alignment analysis: implications for high tibial osteotomies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Typical @entity1 is characterized by cavotricuspid isthmus dependence and activation sequentially around the tricuspid annulus (TA), usually counterclockwise. However, analysis of the upper portion of the annulus by postpacing interval after entrainment sometimes suggests it is outside the circuit. Details on the true active circuit are limited, particularly in the upper portions. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to define the full active circuit in @entity1 . METHODS: In 26 @entity0 with isthmus-dependent @entity1 , we created detailed electroanatomic maps of postpacing intervals throughout the entire right atrium. Postpacing intervals within 20 ms of the flutter cycle length were defined as within the circuit. RESULTS: Creating postpacing interval maps allowed characterization of the full active circuit in all @entity0 , and revealed significant variations despite similar counterclockwise or clockwise patterns with activation mapping. In 8, the active circuit was solely around the TA. In 14, an oblique course between the anterior and posterior borders was found, with the upper circuit off the annulus, posterior to the right atrial appendage base. Of these, 8 coursed anterior to the @entity2 , 5 behind the @entity2 and 1 bifurcated the @entity2 . In 4 others, bifurcation of the upper circuit was seen around the right atrial appendage (n = 3), or around the combined right atrial appendage-superior vena cava (n = 1). CONCLUSION: Despite similar activation around the TA, creating electroanatomic postpacing interval maps distinguishes the active flutter circuit from passively activated myocardium. Significant variability exists in the active circuit, with only a minority around the TA. Most commonly, the circuit courses not around a single barrier but obliquely between anterior and posterior borders.

title: Electroanatomic mapping of postpacing intervals clarifies the complete active circuit and variants in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To ascertain the epidemiology of @entity2 in elite youth football. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of prospectively collected injury data from English Football Association (FA) academies. SETTING: Forty-one FA football academies, between 1998 and 2006. @entity0 : For the complete seasons studied, a total of 14 776 players was registered from U9 to the @entity4 age category, a mean of 2463 players per year. All @entity2 of sufficient severity to miss 48 h or more of training were studied, 2563 @entity1 in total. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The incidence and burden of @entity2 in this population and factors associated with injury. RESULTS: There was a mean incidence of one @entity2 per player per year, and a mean of 20 training days and two matches were missed per @entity2 . @entity1 rates were seen in older players, in competition and later in each half of match time. @entity1 were observed early in the season and after the winter break. In competition, more @entity1 were associated with a contact situation than in training. Eighty-eight @entity1 (3.4%) required a lay-off of 3 months or more and in 18 (0.7%) cases the player failed to return to training. In total, 52 290 training days and 5182 match appearances were lost through @entity2 . The majority of @entity1 were @entity3 , but more severe @entity1 occurred accounted for 3.9% of the total. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 are common in young football players and are often severe, with prolonged loss of training time. This has potential far-reaching implications, both on and off the field.

title: The epidemiology of XXXX occurring in English Football Association academies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), a pleiotropic neuropeptide, has diverse functions in mammals. However, studies of the expression and function of PACAP and its receptor in fish, particularly in the reproductive system, are still limited. In this report, semi-quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining were performed to identify expression domains of commercially important tilapia ( @entity5 ). PACAP (tpacap(38)) and its type I receptor (tpac(1)-r). Transcripts were detected in the brain, gallbladder, gill, heart, intestine, kidney, muscles, pancreas, spleen, stomach, testes, and ovaries, but not in the liver. Expression of tpacap(38) and tpac(1)-r mRNA in brain tissue was significantly higher in both sexes compared with other tissues. Addition of exogenous ovine PACAP(38) (0.25-5 nM), @entity0 analog ( @entity3 , 0.25-1.5 mM) or @entity2 ( @entity1 cyclase activator, 1-10 microM) significantly upregulated tpacap(38) in the gonads via a dose- and time-dependent fashion. This effect reached a maximal level at 2 h after induction, and then decreased with prolonged culture for up to 4 or 8 h. Additionally, the expression levels of tpac(1)-r were not significantly affected by ovine PACAP(38) or @entity3 in either sex. @entity2 had a slightly inductive effect and its function could be suppressed with the addition of protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor, @entity4 (10 microM), indicating involvement of the @entity0 -PKA signaling pathway in the regulation of tpacap(38). Expression of tpacap(38) and tpac(1)-r in the gonads of tilapia suggests that PACAP may mediate gonadotropin action via paracrine/autocrine mechanisms in this bony fish.

title: Expression and in vitro regulation of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (pacap38) and its type I receptor (pac1-r) in the gonads of tilapia ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity5


abstract: CONTEXT: An enlarged incretin response after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) has been proposed to promote excessive beta-cell function and mass. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine whether RYGBP is associated with a steadily increased @entity3 ( @entity3 ) response and a disruption of the relationship between insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion required to maintain plasma @entity2 in the normal range. DESIGN AND @entity0 : This was a cross-sectional study. Twenty-four @entity0 divided into three groups according to time after RYGBP (9-15, 21-30, and more than 36 months). Eight normal-weight and eight morbidly @entity1 @entity0 served as controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity3 was determined after a standardized test meal. Insulin secretion (AIRg) and insulin sensitivity (S(I)) were derived from an iv @entity2 tolerance test. Postprandial @entity2 profile was recorded with a continuous @entity2 monitoring system. RESULTS: Area under the curve(0-120) of @entity3 was larger after RYGBP compared with controls (P < 0.01) but was comparable among surgical groups (P =0.314). Time after surgery was not associated with changes in S(I) (P = 0.657), AIRg (P = 0.329), or the disposition index ( @entity4 = AIRgS(I), P = 0.915). After surgery, the @entity3 response and the @entity4 were not significantly correlated (P = 0.304). @entity2 less than 50 mg/dl was found in operated subjects, but the proportion did not increase with time after surgery (P = 0.459). Neither the @entity3 response (P = 0.620) nor the @entity4 (P = 0.457) differed significantly between those with or without hypoglycemic episodes. CONCLUSIONS: Although the @entity3 response to meal intake is steadily elevated after RYGBP, this does not result over time in the development of an inappropriate insulin secretion relative to the prevailing insulin sensitivity or the occurrence of hypoglycemic episodes.

title: Long-term effects of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery on plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 and islet function in morbidly XXXX subjects.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the efficacy and safety of colesevelam @entity6 in @entity0 with heterozygous @entity2 (heFH). STUDY DESIGN: This was a randomized, double-blind, 41-site study in 194 @entity0 aged 10 to 17 years (inclusive) with heFH (statin-na  ve or on a stable statin regimen). After a 4-week stabilization period (period I), subjects were randomized 1:1:1 to placebo, colesevelam 1.875 g/d, or colesevelam 3.75 g/d for 8 weeks (period II). All then received open-label colesevelam 3.75 g/d for 18 weeks (period III), with follow-up 2 weeks later. The primary endpoint was percent change in low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity1 from baseline to week 8. Secondary endpoints included percent change in other lipoprotein variables, including non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL)- @entity1 . Adverse events were also evaluated. RESULTS: At week 8, a significant difference from baseline in LDL- @entity1 was reported with colesevelam 1.875 g/d (-6.3%; P = .031) and colesevelam 3.75 g/d (-12.5%; P < .001) compared with placebo. Significant treatment effects were also reported for total @entity1 (-7.4%), non-HDL- @entity1 (-10.9%), HDL- @entity1 (+6.1%), @entity5 (+6.9%), and @entity3 (-8.3%) and a nonsignificant effect for @entity4 (+5.1%) with colesevelam 3.75 g/d compared with placebo at week 8. These treatment effects were maintained during period III. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 significantly lowered LDL- @entity1 levels in @entity0 with heFH.

title: @entity7 : efficacy and safety in pediatric subjects with heterozygous XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the efficacy and safety of colesevelam @entity6 in @entity0 with heterozygous @entity2 (heFH). STUDY DESIGN: This was a randomized, double-blind, 41-site study in 194 @entity0 aged 10 to 17 years (inclusive) with heFH (statin-na  ve or on a stable statin regimen). After a 4-week stabilization period (period I), subjects were randomized 1:1:1 to placebo, colesevelam 1.875 g/d, or colesevelam 3.75 g/d for 8 weeks (period II). All then received open-label colesevelam 3.75 g/d for 18 weeks (period III), with follow-up 2 weeks later. The primary endpoint was percent change in low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity1 from baseline to week 8. Secondary endpoints included percent change in other lipoprotein variables, including non-high-density lipoprotein (non-HDL)- @entity1 . Adverse events were also evaluated. RESULTS: At week 8, a significant difference from baseline in LDL- @entity1 was reported with colesevelam 1.875 g/d (-6.3%; P = .031) and colesevelam 3.75 g/d (-12.5%; P < .001) compared with placebo. Significant treatment effects were also reported for total @entity1 (-7.4%), non-HDL- @entity1 (-10.9%), HDL- @entity1 (+6.1%), @entity5 (+6.9%), and @entity3 (-8.3%) and a nonsignificant effect for @entity4 (+5.1%) with colesevelam 3.75 g/d compared with placebo at week 8. These treatment effects were maintained during period III. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 significantly lowered LDL- @entity1 levels in @entity0 with heFH.

title: XXXX : efficacy and safety in pediatric subjects with heterozygous @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the accuracy of dedicated pancreatic multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) in the @entity1 (NPTs). MATERIAL AND METHODS: MDCT and other imaging studies in @entity0 with suspected NPTs were identified. Thirty dedicated MDCT studies were done in 23 @entity0 . Fourteen @entity0 (16 operations) subsequently had surgery. Imaging reports were reviewed and findings compared with surgical findings and findings in other imaging studies. RESULTS: @entity0 with surgery: 19 NPTs (16 extrapancreatic @entity3 and 3 pancreatic NPTs) were identified at surgery. MDCT identified 16 and @entity2 receptor scintigraphy (SRS) 11 out of 19 @entity1 . Endoscopic ultrasound detected 11 out of 14 NPTs. @entity0 without surgery: In 4 out of 9 @entity0 , no NPTs were identified at MDCT. CONCLUSION: Dedicated MDCT of the pancreas can identify many NPTs, including small duodenal and @entity1 , and the detection rate is better than reported in the older literature on CT.

title: Multidetector computed tomography and neuroendocrine XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: To develop a rapid, simple and sensitive method for determining the concentration of @entity0 ( @entity1 ), @entity1 was hydrolyzed in the strong alkali solution of water mixed with @entity2 . The concentration of @entity1 can be indirectly analyzed by the fluorescence signal of its alkaline hydrolysis product which can be enhanced by the microwave method. The maximum excitation and emission wavelengths of the alkaline hydrolysis product of @entity0 were 380 and 496 nm, respectively. The linear range of the calibration curve was 0. 1-10 micromol x L(-1) with r=0. 9991. The limit of detection was 0. 05 micromol x L(-1) , which was twenty times lower than before. A rapid, highly sensitive and accurate method was thus established. It can be used as a quantitative method for detecting @entity1 .

title: [Rapid determination of XXXX using microwave assisted alkaline hydrolysis and spectrofluorometric analysis].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Although well established as a marker of mesothelial cells, calretinin is also expressed in several other tissue types, including adipose tissue. Accordingly, immunohistochemical staining for calretinin has been described in an increasing number of @entity0 other than @entity7 . A detailed analysis of calretinin expression in lipogenic @entity0 has not yet been reported, however. Given the known expression patterns of calretinin in normal tissues, we predicted that calretinin immunoreactivity would be detected in @entity2 and the various histologic subtypes of @entity5 , and that this marker might be of use in the differential diagnosis of selected @entity2 . A variety of pleomorphic and small round cell @entity1 were studied for comparison. Calretinin immunoreactivity was detected, at least focally, in all 10 samples of normal adipose tissue and in 22 of 23 @entity2 or @entity2 variants. Staining for calretinin was also positive within the lipogenic component of 28 of 29 @entity5 variants. Of the 7 dedifferentiated @entity5 , 3 were focally positive for calretinin. Pleomorphic variants of other @entity1 , including undifferentiated high-grade @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity3 also exhibited focal calretinin immunoreactivity in a minority of cases, as did some small round cell @entity1 . These results suggest that calretinin immunoreactivity in normal and neoplastic adipose tissue is more ubiquitous than previously reported and may be a useful, albeit nonspecific marker of lipogenic differentiation. However, its utility in the differential diagnosis of @entity2 appears limited.

title: Calretinin expression in XXXX of adipose tissue.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because @entity0 movement during echocardiography interferes with diagnostic quality, many institutions sedate @entity0 who are unable to cooperate. The purpose of this review was to determine the efficacy and safety of oral @entity1 for sedation during pediatric transthoracic echocardiography. METHODS: Echocardiography laboratory quality assurance data were recorded for 12 years. Sedation data included adverse events, dosing, and failed sedation. The study population was grouped by age: neonates (<1 month), @entity0 (1-12 months), and young @entity0 (1-4 years). RESULTS: A total of 9796 @entity0 underwent sedation by oral @entity1 . The overall sedation success rate was 98.7%, and 99% of these @entity0 remained sedated long enough for study. The overall adverse event rate was 0.5%. Second doses, failed sedation, and adverse events were more common in the young @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Oral @entity1 is an effective and safe sedative for pediatric transthoracic echocardiography. Because of decreased efficacy and an increased incidence of adverse events, alternative sedation strategies may be beneficial in @entity0 aged 1 to 4 years.

title: The efficacy and safety of oral XXXX sedation in pediatric echocardiography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Studies of both @entity0 and animals suggest that anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is important for processing @entity4 perception. We identified that perigenul ACC (pACC) sensitization and enhanced @entity5 in a visceral hypersensitive @entity2 in previous studies. @entity4 contains both sensory and affective dimensions. Teasing apart the mechanisms that control the neural pathways mediating @entity4 affect and sensation in nociceptive behavioral response is a challenge. In this study, using a rodent @entity5 assay that combines the @entity1 ( @entity1 )-induced visceromotor response (VMR) with the conditioning place avoidance (CPA), we measured a learned behavior that directly reflects the affective component of @entity5 . When @entity1 was paired with a distinct environment context, the @entity2 spent significantly less time in this compartment on the post-conditioning test days as compared with the pre-conditioning day. Effects were lasted for 14 days. Bilateral pACC lesion significantly reduced CPA scores without reducing acute visceral @entity4 ( @entity1 -induced VMR). Bilateral administration of non- @entity3 receptor antagonist CNQX or @entity3 receptor antagonist AP5 into the pACC decreased the CPA scores. AP5 or CNQX at dose of 400 mM produced about 70% inhibition of @entity1 -CPA in the day 1, 4 and 7, and completely abolished the CPA in the day 14 after conditioning. We concluded that neurons in the pACC are necessary for the "aversiveness" of visceral nociceptor stimulation. pACC activation is critical for the memory processing involved in long-term negative affective state and prediction of aversive stimuli by contextual cue.

title: Glutamatergic activation of anterior cingulate cortex mediates the affective component of XXXX memory in @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Studies of both @entity0 and animals suggest that anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is important for processing @entity4 perception. We identified that perigenul ACC (pACC) sensitization and enhanced @entity5 in a visceral hypersensitive @entity2 in previous studies. @entity4 contains both sensory and affective dimensions. Teasing apart the mechanisms that control the neural pathways mediating @entity4 affect and sensation in nociceptive behavioral response is a challenge. In this study, using a rodent @entity5 assay that combines the @entity1 ( @entity1 )-induced visceromotor response (VMR) with the conditioning place avoidance (CPA), we measured a learned behavior that directly reflects the affective component of @entity5 . When @entity1 was paired with a distinct environment context, the @entity2 spent significantly less time in this compartment on the post-conditioning test days as compared with the pre-conditioning day. Effects were lasted for 14 days. Bilateral pACC lesion significantly reduced CPA scores without reducing acute visceral @entity4 ( @entity1 -induced VMR). Bilateral administration of non- @entity3 receptor antagonist CNQX or @entity3 receptor antagonist AP5 into the pACC decreased the CPA scores. AP5 or CNQX at dose of 400 mM produced about 70% inhibition of @entity1 -CPA in the day 1, 4 and 7, and completely abolished the CPA in the day 14 after conditioning. We concluded that neurons in the pACC are necessary for the "aversiveness" of visceral nociceptor stimulation. pACC activation is critical for the memory processing involved in long-term negative affective state and prediction of aversive stimuli by contextual cue.

title: Glutamatergic activation of anterior cingulate cortex mediates the affective component of @entity5 memory in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Many athletes need to participate in multiple events in a single day. The efficient post-exercise glycogen recovery may be critical for the performance in subsequent exercise. This study examined whether post-exercise @entity7 supplementation could restore the performance in the subsequent simulated wrestling match. The effect of branched-chain @entity6 and @entity0 on @entity1 disposal and performance was also investigated. Nine well-trained male wrestlers participated in 3 trials in a random order. Each trial contained 3 matches with a 1-hr rest between match 1 and 2, and a 2-hr rest between match 2 and 3. Each match contained 3 exercise periods interspersed with 1-min rests. The subjects alternated 10-s all-out sprints and 20-s rests in each exercise period. At the end of match 2, 3 different supplementations were consumed: 1.2 g/kg @entity1 ( @entity2 trial), 1 g/kg @entity1 + 0.1 g/kg @entity3 + 0.1 g/kg @entity8 ( @entity2 +AA trial), or water (placebo trial). The peak and average power in the 3 matches was similar in the 3 trials. After the supplementation, @entity2 and @entity2 +AA trial showed significantly higher @entity1 and insulin, and lower @entity4 and non-esterified @entity5 concentrations than the placebo trial. There was no significant difference in these biochemical parameters between the @entity2 and @entity2 +AA trials. Supplementation of @entity7 with or without @entity8 and @entity0 during the post-match period had no effect on the performance in the following simulated match in wrestlers. In addition, @entity8 and @entity0 did not provide additional insulinemic effect.

title: Effects of @entity7 , branched-chain XXXX , and @entity0 in recovery period on the subsequent performance in wrestlers.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Many athletes need to participate in multiple events in a single day. The efficient post-exercise glycogen recovery may be critical for the performance in subsequent exercise. This study examined whether post-exercise @entity7 supplementation could restore the performance in the subsequent simulated wrestling match. The effect of branched-chain @entity6 and @entity0 on @entity1 disposal and performance was also investigated. Nine well-trained male wrestlers participated in 3 trials in a random order. Each trial contained 3 matches with a 1-hr rest between match 1 and 2, and a 2-hr rest between match 2 and 3. Each match contained 3 exercise periods interspersed with 1-min rests. The subjects alternated 10-s all-out sprints and 20-s rests in each exercise period. At the end of match 2, 3 different supplementations were consumed: 1.2 g/kg @entity1 ( @entity2 trial), 1 g/kg @entity1 + 0.1 g/kg @entity3 + 0.1 g/kg @entity8 ( @entity2 +AA trial), or water (placebo trial). The peak and average power in the 3 matches was similar in the 3 trials. After the supplementation, @entity2 and @entity2 +AA trial showed significantly higher @entity1 and insulin, and lower @entity4 and non-esterified @entity5 concentrations than the placebo trial. There was no significant difference in these biochemical parameters between the @entity2 and @entity2 +AA trials. Supplementation of @entity7 with or without @entity8 and @entity0 during the post-match period had no effect on the performance in the following simulated match in wrestlers. In addition, @entity8 and @entity0 did not provide additional insulinemic effect.

title: Effects of XXXX , branched-chain @entity6 , and @entity0 in recovery period on the subsequent performance in wrestlers.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Many athletes need to participate in multiple events in a single day. The efficient post-exercise glycogen recovery may be critical for the performance in subsequent exercise. This study examined whether post-exercise @entity7 supplementation could restore the performance in the subsequent simulated wrestling match. The effect of branched-chain @entity6 and @entity0 on @entity1 disposal and performance was also investigated. Nine well-trained male wrestlers participated in 3 trials in a random order. Each trial contained 3 matches with a 1-hr rest between match 1 and 2, and a 2-hr rest between match 2 and 3. Each match contained 3 exercise periods interspersed with 1-min rests. The subjects alternated 10-s all-out sprints and 20-s rests in each exercise period. At the end of match 2, 3 different supplementations were consumed: 1.2 g/kg @entity1 ( @entity2 trial), 1 g/kg @entity1 + 0.1 g/kg @entity3 + 0.1 g/kg @entity8 ( @entity2 +AA trial), or water (placebo trial). The peak and average power in the 3 matches was similar in the 3 trials. After the supplementation, @entity2 and @entity2 +AA trial showed significantly higher @entity1 and insulin, and lower @entity4 and non-esterified @entity5 concentrations than the placebo trial. There was no significant difference in these biochemical parameters between the @entity2 and @entity2 +AA trials. Supplementation of @entity7 with or without @entity8 and @entity0 during the post-match period had no effect on the performance in the following simulated match in wrestlers. In addition, @entity8 and @entity0 did not provide additional insulinemic effect.

title: Effects of @entity7 , branched-chain @entity6 , and XXXX in recovery period on the subsequent performance in wrestlers.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Dynamic imaging provides insight into aortic shape changes throughout the cardiac cycle. These changes may be important for proximal aortic stent graft fixation, sealing and durability. The objective of this study is to analyse the influence of different types of stent grafts on dynamic changes of the @entity1 neck. METHODS: Pre- and postoperative electrocardiography (ECG)-gated computed tomographic angiography (CTA) scans were obtained in 30 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 , 10 each from three different types of stent grafts (10 Talent, Endurant, and Excluder). Each dynamic CTA dataset consisted of eight reconstructed images over the cardiac cycle. Aortic area and radius changes during the cardiac cycle were determined at two levels: (A) 3 cm above and (B) 1 cm below the lowermost renal artery. Radius changes were measured over 360 axes, and plotted in a polar plot. An @entity3 was fitted over the plots to determine radius changes over the major and minor axis for assessment of the asymmetric aspect and most prominent direction of distension. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between the three groups. Preoperatively, the aortic area increased significantly (p < 0.001) over the cardiac cycle in all @entity0 at both levels: (A) mean increase 8.3 +/- 4.1% (2.0-17.3%); (B) mean increase 5.9 +/- 4.2% (1.9-12.4%). The postoperative aortic area increase over the cardiac cycle did not differ significantly from preoperative increases: (A) mean increase 9.9 +/- 2.2% (4.4-20.0%); (B) mean increase 7.7 +/- 2.4% (3.8-12.4%). The difference between radius change over the major and minor axis was significant both pre- and postoperatively for all three stent grafts, indicating asymmetric distension. Suprarenal, the distension showed a tendency to right-anterior and infrarenal to left-anterior. The distension and direction of the aortic expansion was preserved after stent grafting. There were no differences between the three types of stent grafts regarding their impact on the aortic distension or direction of this distension. CONCLUSION: The aorta expands significantly and asymmetrically throughout the cardiac cycle. After implantation of abdominal aortic stent grafts, the aortic distension and direction of distension remain equally preserved in all three groups. The three stent graft types studied seem to be able to adapt to the asymmetric dynamic aortic shape changes.

title: The influence of different types of stent grafts on XXXX neck dynamics after @entity1 repair.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Dynamic imaging provides insight into aortic shape changes throughout the cardiac cycle. These changes may be important for proximal aortic stent graft fixation, sealing and durability. The objective of this study is to analyse the influence of different types of stent grafts on dynamic changes of the @entity1 neck. METHODS: Pre- and postoperative electrocardiography (ECG)-gated computed tomographic angiography (CTA) scans were obtained in 30 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 , 10 each from three different types of stent grafts (10 Talent, Endurant, and Excluder). Each dynamic CTA dataset consisted of eight reconstructed images over the cardiac cycle. Aortic area and radius changes during the cardiac cycle were determined at two levels: (A) 3 cm above and (B) 1 cm below the lowermost renal artery. Radius changes were measured over 360 axes, and plotted in a polar plot. An @entity3 was fitted over the plots to determine radius changes over the major and minor axis for assessment of the asymmetric aspect and most prominent direction of distension. RESULTS: Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between the three groups. Preoperatively, the aortic area increased significantly (p < 0.001) over the cardiac cycle in all @entity0 at both levels: (A) mean increase 8.3 +/- 4.1% (2.0-17.3%); (B) mean increase 5.9 +/- 4.2% (1.9-12.4%). The postoperative aortic area increase over the cardiac cycle did not differ significantly from preoperative increases: (A) mean increase 9.9 +/- 2.2% (4.4-20.0%); (B) mean increase 7.7 +/- 2.4% (3.8-12.4%). The difference between radius change over the major and minor axis was significant both pre- and postoperatively for all three stent grafts, indicating asymmetric distension. Suprarenal, the distension showed a tendency to right-anterior and infrarenal to left-anterior. The distension and direction of the aortic expansion was preserved after stent grafting. There were no differences between the three types of stent grafts regarding their impact on the aortic distension or direction of this distension. CONCLUSION: The aorta expands significantly and asymmetrically throughout the cardiac cycle. After implantation of abdominal aortic stent grafts, the aortic distension and direction of distension remain equally preserved in all three groups. The three stent graft types studied seem to be able to adapt to the asymmetric dynamic aortic shape changes.

title: The influence of different types of stent grafts on @entity1 neck dynamics after XXXX repair.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We examined whether deficits in glomerular capillary surface area associated with a @entity1 could be corrected by glomerular @entity2 . Using unbiased stereological techniques, we examined the time course and mode of glomerular @entity2 in @entity0 lacking one allele for @entity5 ( @entity5 ). These @entity5 heterozygous (Het) @entity0 are born with approximately 30% less @entity4 than wild-type (WT) littermates. An additional group of @entity5 Het @entity0 received the @entity6 antagonist @entity3 (Cand; 10 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) from 5 wk of age to determine the role of @entity7 receptors in the @entity2 . At 10 wk of age, the total volume of renal corpuscles, glomerular capillary surface area, and length of glomerular capillaries in the kidneys of @entity5 Het @entity0 were all markedly (approximately 45%) less than that of WT @entity0 (P < 0.001). However, by 30 wk, and persisting at 60 wk of age, @entity5 Het and WT @entity0 did not significantly differ in any of these parameters. Furthermore, conscious 24-h mean arterial pressure (MAP) did not differ between @entity5 Het and WT @entity0 at any time point. MAP of @entity5 Het-Cand @entity0 was 20-30 mmHg less than that of @entity5 Het-vehicle @entity0 at all three ages, but Cand treatment did not significantly alter glomerular capillary dimensions. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the deficit in glomerular capillary surface area associated with a @entity1 can be corrected for in adulthood by an increase in the total length of glomerular capillaries. This process does not require @entity7 receptor activation.

title: Glomerular surface area is normalized in @entity0 born with a nephron deficit: no role for XXXX receptors.

answer: @entity7


abstract: We examined whether deficits in glomerular capillary surface area associated with a @entity1 could be corrected by glomerular @entity2 . Using unbiased stereological techniques, we examined the time course and mode of glomerular @entity2 in @entity0 lacking one allele for @entity5 ( @entity5 ). These @entity5 heterozygous (Het) @entity0 are born with approximately 30% less @entity4 than wild-type (WT) littermates. An additional group of @entity5 Het @entity0 received the @entity6 antagonist @entity3 (Cand; 10 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) from 5 wk of age to determine the role of @entity7 receptors in the @entity2 . At 10 wk of age, the total volume of renal corpuscles, glomerular capillary surface area, and length of glomerular capillaries in the kidneys of @entity5 Het @entity0 were all markedly (approximately 45%) less than that of WT @entity0 (P < 0.001). However, by 30 wk, and persisting at 60 wk of age, @entity5 Het and WT @entity0 did not significantly differ in any of these parameters. Furthermore, conscious 24-h mean arterial pressure (MAP) did not differ between @entity5 Het and WT @entity0 at any time point. MAP of @entity5 Het-Cand @entity0 was 20-30 mmHg less than that of @entity5 Het-vehicle @entity0 at all three ages, but Cand treatment did not significantly alter glomerular capillary dimensions. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the deficit in glomerular capillary surface area associated with a @entity1 can be corrected for in adulthood by an increase in the total length of glomerular capillaries. This process does not require @entity7 receptor activation.

title: Glomerular surface area is normalized in XXXX born with a nephron deficit: no role for @entity7 receptors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 can come into contact with thinner by occupational exposure or by intentional inhalation abuse. Numerous studies of workers for genotoxic effects of thinner exposure have yielded conflicting results, perhaps because co-exposure to variable other compounds cannot be avoided in workplace exposure studies. In contrast, there is no data concerning the genotoxic effects of intentional inhalation abuse. The aim of this project was to examine the genotoxic effects of thinner inhalation in an animal model of thinner abuse ( @entity1 exposed to 3000 ppm @entity6 , a high solvent concentration over a very short, 15 min time period, twice a day for 6 weeks). The data presented here provides evidence that thinner inhalation in our experimental conditions is able to induce @entity3 , @entity4 and oxidative stress. This oxidative stress induces oxidative DNA damage that is not a characteristic feature of genotoxic damage. No significant difference in DNA damage and DNA repair (biomarkers of genotoxicity) in lymphocytes from thinner-treated and control @entity1 was found. Lead treatment was used as a positive control in these assays. Finally, bone marrow was evaluated as a biomarker of cellular alteration associated with thinner inhalation. The observed absence of hemopoietic and genetic @entity2 could be explained in part by the absence of @entity5 , the only carcinogenic component of thinner; however, @entity5 is no longer a common component of thinner. In conclusion, thinner did not cause genotoxic effects in an experimental model of intentional abuse despite the fact that thinner inhalation induces oxidative stress.

title: Thinner inhalation effects on oxidative stress and DNA repair in a XXXX model of abuse.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The genetic etiology of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is unclear in the majority of cases. Mutations in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are the only confirmed causes of @entity3 . Recently, loss-of-function mutations of @entity2 gene have been shown to be associated with the hypocholesterolemia phenotype. Our primary goal was to confirm that mutations in @entity2 could be another cause of @entity3 . Using the sequencing approach, we found that the @entity4 variation in @entity2 , a common in-frame insertion in both African American and Caucasian populations, is associated with the hypocholesterolemia phenotype in three @entity3 families. Then we tested whether this variation could be associated with lower @entity0 levels in the general population. A total of 403 subjects from a Caucasian population, in which hypobetalipoprotein (HBL) and normal groups were classified using standard criteria, were sequenced for this variation. The allele frequency of this variation in the HBL group was 0.186, but was only 0.128 in the normal lipid group. The mean plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity0 level in subjects heterozygous for this variant is significantly lower than that in the normal group (p<0.01). Heterozygous subjects also had higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity0 levels (p<0.01). In general, LDL- @entity0 concentration in individuals with @entity2 @entity4 variation was approximately 10-15 mg/dL lower than that in normal individuals. We conclude that the @entity4 variant plays a role in lowering @entity0 in the general population.

title: The @entity4 variation in XXXX is associated with low plasma LDL- @entity0 in a Caucasian population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The genetic etiology of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is unclear in the majority of cases. Mutations in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are the only confirmed causes of @entity3 . Recently, loss-of-function mutations of @entity2 gene have been shown to be associated with the hypocholesterolemia phenotype. Our primary goal was to confirm that mutations in @entity2 could be another cause of @entity3 . Using the sequencing approach, we found that the @entity4 variation in @entity2 , a common in-frame insertion in both African American and Caucasian populations, is associated with the hypocholesterolemia phenotype in three @entity3 families. Then we tested whether this variation could be associated with lower @entity0 levels in the general population. A total of 403 subjects from a Caucasian population, in which hypobetalipoprotein (HBL) and normal groups were classified using standard criteria, were sequenced for this variation. The allele frequency of this variation in the HBL group was 0.186, but was only 0.128 in the normal lipid group. The mean plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity0 level in subjects heterozygous for this variant is significantly lower than that in the normal group (p<0.01). Heterozygous subjects also had higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity0 levels (p<0.01). In general, LDL- @entity0 concentration in individuals with @entity2 @entity4 variation was approximately 10-15 mg/dL lower than that in normal individuals. We conclude that the @entity4 variant plays a role in lowering @entity0 in the general population.

title: The XXXX variation in @entity2 is associated with low plasma LDL- @entity0 in a Caucasian population.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The genetic etiology of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is unclear in the majority of cases. Mutations in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are the only confirmed causes of @entity3 . Recently, loss-of-function mutations of @entity2 gene have been shown to be associated with the hypocholesterolemia phenotype. Our primary goal was to confirm that mutations in @entity2 could be another cause of @entity3 . Using the sequencing approach, we found that the @entity4 variation in @entity2 , a common in-frame insertion in both African American and Caucasian populations, is associated with the hypocholesterolemia phenotype in three @entity3 families. Then we tested whether this variation could be associated with lower @entity0 levels in the general population. A total of 403 subjects from a Caucasian population, in which hypobetalipoprotein (HBL) and normal groups were classified using standard criteria, were sequenced for this variation. The allele frequency of this variation in the HBL group was 0.186, but was only 0.128 in the normal lipid group. The mean plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity0 level in subjects heterozygous for this variant is significantly lower than that in the normal group (p<0.01). Heterozygous subjects also had higher high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity0 levels (p<0.01). In general, LDL- @entity0 concentration in individuals with @entity2 @entity4 variation was approximately 10-15 mg/dL lower than that in normal individuals. We conclude that the @entity4 variant plays a role in lowering @entity0 in the general population.

title: The @entity4 variation in @entity2 is associated with low plasma LDL- XXXX in a Caucasian population.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Autopsy studies confirm that many @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 die from unrecognized sources of @entity4 or @entity1 . Computed tomography (CT) scans can be of limited use for these diagnoses and difficult to obtain in critically ill @entity0 who require significant support for transport. Bedside laparoscopy has been described but still is cumbersome to perform. Bedside flexible endoscopy as a diagnostic tool or for placement of @entity6 is a standard @entity3 procedure. Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) can provide access to the peritoneal cavity as a bedside procedure and may decrease the number of @entity0 with unrecognized intra-abdominal catastrophic events. METHODS: @entity5 were anesthetized and peritoneal access with the flexible endoscope was obtained using a guidewire, needle knife cautery, and @entity2 . The transgastric endoscope was used to explore all quadrants of the abdominal cavity. The small bowel was visualized to complete the exploration. The transgastric access location was then managed with the use of a @entity6 . The animals were euthanized and analyzed. RESULTS: Eight @entity5 were studied and complete abdominal exploration, including diaphragm visualization, was possible in all cases. Endoscopy-guided biopsies were performed, adhesions lysed, and the gallbladder successfully drained percutaneously. The small bowel was run successfully with percutaneous needlescopic suture graspers. CONCLUSIONS: These animal studies support the concept that NOTES, with management of the gastric opening with a @entity6 , may be another approach for finding unrecognized sources of @entity4 or @entity7 in difficult @entity3 @entity0 . These encouraging results warrant a prospective @entity0 trial to assess safety and efficacy.

title: Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) as a diagnostic tool in the XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We analyzed transvaginal sonographic findings from @entity0 with cervical @entity6 treated with high-dose @entity2 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of cervical pregnancies diagnosed in our institution from 1996 through 2006. We divided the cases into an @entity3 treatment group and a surgical treatment group. We included cases treated with high-dose @entity3 alone. We analyzed 9 cervical @entity6 treated with @entity3 , which was injected intravascularly at 100 mg/m(2) plus 200 mg/m(2) in 500 mL of a normal saline solution with @entity5 rescue. The gestational sac sizes and serum human chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity4 ) levels were periodically monitored to determine the resolution status. RESULTS: Fifty cervical pregnancies were diagnosed during the study period. Thirty cases were treated with @entity3 , and 20 were treated with surgical procedures. Among the 30 cases in the @entity3 treatment group, 9 had high-dose @entity3 injection without surgical procedures. Cervical mass regression appeared at a median of 40 (range, 10-88) days after treatment, whereas the serum @entity4 level decreased at a median of 14 (range, 9-17) days after treatment. The median time to complete regression of the cervical mass was 86 (range, 48-141) days, and the median time to complete regression of the serum @entity4 level was 68 (range, 19-143) days. Cervical pregnancy was noted as a gestational sac at first but coexisted with a mixed @entity1 19 days after treatment. At 33 days after treatment, the cervical pregnancy was completely replaced by the mixed @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Resolution of the cervical mass on sonography lagged far behind resolution of the serum @entity4 level. The cervical mass evolved from a gestational sac into a mixed @entity1 on serial transvaginal sonography.

title: Serial transvaginal sonographic findings of cervical ectopic pregnancy treated with high-dose XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the attributable mortality of @entity3 in a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. @entity3 is generally believed to increase the mortality of @entity0 . This notion is predominantly based on the results of observational studies. DATA SOURCE: We performed a systematic search strategy using PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase from their inception through February 2007. In addition, a reference and related article search was performed. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included if they reported mortality rates of @entity0 with and without @entity3 . DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Fifty-two studies with a total of 17,347 @entity0 met the inclusion criteria. Pooling of all studies resulted in relative risk of 1.27 (95% Confidence Interval = 1.15-1.39), but heterogeneity was considerable (I2 statistic = 69%). The origin of heterogeneity could not be explained by differences in study design, study quality, and diagnostic approach. However, heterogeneity was limited for studies investigating only @entity1 @entity0 (I2 = 1.3%) or @entity0 with acute @entity2 (I2 = 0%), with estimated relative risk of 1.09 (95% Confidence Interval = 0.87-1.37) among @entity1 @entity0 and 0.86 (95% Confidence Interval = 0.72-1.04) among @entity0 with acute @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: There is no evidence of attributable mortality due to @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 or acute @entity2 . However, in other nonspecified @entity0 groups, there is evidence for attributable mortality due to @entity3 , but this could not be quantified due to heterogeneity in study results. More detailed studies, allowing subgroup analyses, are needed to determine the attributable mortality of @entity3 in these @entity0 populations.

title: XXXX and mortality: a systematic review of observational studies.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Between 1990 and 2006 in the III-rd Surgical Clinic Cluj-Napoca, 366 pacients with hepatic hydatid cyst were admitted and underwent surgery; 81 (22.13%) of them, who had a cyst-biliary comunication, were retrospectively reviewed: 52 (64.2%) had an occult communications and 29 (35.8%) had a @entity5 . The sex ratio was M/F=46/35 with a mean age of 44.5 years and with ages between 17 and 73 years. Choledochotomy, evacuation of parasitic material and lavage of the @entity9 were performed in all @entity0 with @entity5 . In 25 @entity0 , partial pericystectomy and choledochoduodenostomy/T-tube drainage of @entity9 was performed. Internal drainage by a Roux-en-Y pericystectojejunostomy and biliodigestive anastomosis was carried out in 2 @entity0 , while other two @entity0 underwent external drainage of cystic cavity and T-tube drainage of @entity9 . 15 @entity0 (51.7%) had postoperative external @entity7 ( @entity3 ). Occult communications were managed by partial pericystectomy +/- narrowing of the residual cavity (capitonage with an omentum flap or invagination of the @entity1 capsule margins into the cavity) in 35 @entity0 (67.3%) while in 10 @entity0 (19.2%) internal drainage by a Roux-en-Y pericystectojejunostomy was carried out. Regional resection of the liver was performed in 4 cases (7.7%) and external drainage of residual cavity in 3 @entity0 (5.7%). 13 @entity0 (25%) had postoperative external @entity7 ( @entity3 ). The mean postoperative hospitalisation was 20 days with the range 5-85 days. The mortality rate was 2.4% (2 @entity0 ): one died due to @entity4 and MOFS and the other due to @entity6 . CONCLUSION: @entity2 ( @entity3 ) fallowing conservative surgery of ruptured hydatid hepatic cyst into the biliary tract are not rare regardless of the type of @entity5 (frank or occult). Although the opening of the biliary duct is sutured, the risk of @entity8 is not clearly corelated with this approach; in such cases internal drainage provides a good alternative with low morbidity.

title: [Intrabiliary XXXX of hepatic hydatid cysts: results of 17 years' experience].

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The variants of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) gene have been proposed to be associated with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). We sought to confirm the possible association in Europeans and to examine the interaction between one gene variant and clinical data. METHODS: The @entity3 @entity4 C-to-T polymorphism was genotyped in 211 @entity5 , 1,297 @entity2 2 @entity1 , 545 @entity2 1 @entity1 and 1,497 control individuals from Hungary. A meta-analysis of our and previously published studies was performed to evaluate the size and the heterogeneity of the gene effect. RESULTS: The meta-analysis yielded a significant effect of @entity3 T allele (OR 1.28; p < 0.0001) on @entity5 risk without heterogeneity among Europeans. The T allele conferred equally strong susceptibility to @entity5 and @entity2 2 @entity1 . In the Hungarian dataset, the T allele was associated with @entity5 and @entity2 2 @entity1 , but not with @entity2 1 @entity1 . T allele carriers had significantly lower BMI than @entity0 with the CC genotype in the @entity5 and @entity2 2 @entity1 groups (p = 0.0021 and p = 0.0013, respectively). In both diseases, the @entity1 risk was significantly higher in the non-overweight than in the overweight BMI category (p = 0.0013 and p < 0.0001, respectively); susceptibility to @entity5 was increased by 2.84-fold in non-overweight individuals compared with overweight ones. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The meta-analysis demonstrates that @entity3 @entity4 polymorphism is a population-independent susceptibility locus for @entity5 in Europeans. The effect size is similar for @entity5 and @entity2 2 @entity1 . The gene effect on @entity1 risk may be modulated by BMI, such that the lower the BMI, the higher the gene effect.

title: The XXXX 2 @entity1 -associated variant in @entity3 is associated with latent autoimmune @entity1 in adult Europeans and the gene effect is modified by obesity: a meta-analysis and an individual study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The variants of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) gene have been proposed to be associated with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). We sought to confirm the possible association in Europeans and to examine the interaction between one gene variant and clinical data. METHODS: The @entity3 @entity4 C-to-T polymorphism was genotyped in 211 @entity5 , 1,297 @entity2 2 @entity1 , 545 @entity2 1 @entity1 and 1,497 control individuals from Hungary. A meta-analysis of our and previously published studies was performed to evaluate the size and the heterogeneity of the gene effect. RESULTS: The meta-analysis yielded a significant effect of @entity3 T allele (OR 1.28; p < 0.0001) on @entity5 risk without heterogeneity among Europeans. The T allele conferred equally strong susceptibility to @entity5 and @entity2 2 @entity1 . In the Hungarian dataset, the T allele was associated with @entity5 and @entity2 2 @entity1 , but not with @entity2 1 @entity1 . T allele carriers had significantly lower BMI than @entity0 with the CC genotype in the @entity5 and @entity2 2 @entity1 groups (p = 0.0021 and p = 0.0013, respectively). In both diseases, the @entity1 risk was significantly higher in the non-overweight than in the overweight BMI category (p = 0.0013 and p < 0.0001, respectively); susceptibility to @entity5 was increased by 2.84-fold in non-overweight individuals compared with overweight ones. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The meta-analysis demonstrates that @entity3 @entity4 polymorphism is a population-independent susceptibility locus for @entity5 in Europeans. The effect size is similar for @entity5 and @entity2 2 @entity1 . The gene effect on @entity1 risk may be modulated by BMI, such that the lower the BMI, the higher the gene effect.

title: The @entity2 2 XXXX -associated variant in @entity3 is associated with latent autoimmune @entity1 in adult Europeans and the gene effect is modified by obesity: a meta-analysis and an individual study.

answer: @entity1