abstract: A treatment policy must be established for primary @entity5 . We have treated five @entity0 with this entity during 18 years. All our @entity0 presented with a bulky mass as is usual for this disease. Our first @entity0 was treated surgically and then with radiation, but developed recurrences and died 11 years after the initial diagnosis. Three subsequent @entity0 , one with multiple lymph node @entity1 , were treated with radiation followed by @entity4 . Our most recent @entity0 received two courses of @entity3 -reinforced PVB, and then radiation for consolidation, followed by another course of chemotherapy. For these five @entity0 , the 5- and 10-year survival rates were both 100%. A review of the literature emphasized the fact that either radiation or surgery has recently been replaced by chemotherapy as the front-line treatment of this rare @entity2 in light of a better response to the latter form of treatment. We fully agree with this policy. Based on the favorable long-term results of our @entity0 we conclude that chemo-radiotherapy can cure primary @entity5 , even in its extended form, without surgery. An initial three courses of @entity4 -based chemotherapy like @entity3 -reinforced @entity6 or BEP should be followed by radiation of up to 4,000 cGy for consolidation. Surgery may play a limited role for @entity2 that are small at presentation, or for any possible viable residue seen on roentgenograms following chemo-radiotherapy.

title: Primary XXXX . Efficacy of chemo-radiotherapy alone.

answer: @entity5


abstract: An 84-year-old @entity0 was admitted to Ehime University hospital because of fever and generalized swelling of lymph nodes. On admission, she did not have any @entity1 . The laboratory data included a WBC count of 60,900/microliter, with 80.5% atypical plasma cells in the peripheral blood and 26.4% in the bone marrow. The patient's serum total protein was 9.3 g/dl with increased polyclonal gamma-globulin (62.4%). Serum levels of LDH (1,986 IU/l) and @entity3 (34.3 pg/dl) were also elevated. Immunofixation-electrophoresis detected a monoclonal band defined as IgA-lambda type, with a broad band of polyclonal immunoglobulin. Southern blotting analysis demonstrated rearranged monoclonal bands in the JH and J lambda genes. Based on these findings, @entity6 (IgA-lambda type) was diagnosed. The @entity0 was treated with combination chemotherapy for @entity4 and achieved complete remission. However, she died of @entity2 two months after admission. After chemotherapy, the patients IgG and IgM levels normalized but IgA still showed a slight increase. @entity3 also decreased, from 34.3 pg/dl to 10.2 pg/dl. To our knowledge, this report is the first in the literature concerning a case of @entity6 with @entity5 .

title: [ @entity6 (IgA-lambda type) with XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: An 84-year-old @entity0 was admitted to Ehime University hospital because of fever and generalized swelling of lymph nodes. On admission, she did not have any @entity1 . The laboratory data included a WBC count of 60,900/microliter, with 80.5% atypical plasma cells in the peripheral blood and 26.4% in the bone marrow. The patient's serum total protein was 9.3 g/dl with increased polyclonal gamma-globulin (62.4%). Serum levels of LDH (1,986 IU/l) and @entity3 (34.3 pg/dl) were also elevated. Immunofixation-electrophoresis detected a monoclonal band defined as IgA-lambda type, with a broad band of polyclonal immunoglobulin. Southern blotting analysis demonstrated rearranged monoclonal bands in the JH and J lambda genes. Based on these findings, @entity6 (IgA-lambda type) was diagnosed. The @entity0 was treated with combination chemotherapy for @entity4 and achieved complete remission. However, she died of @entity2 two months after admission. After chemotherapy, the patients IgG and IgM levels normalized but IgA still showed a slight increase. @entity3 also decreased, from 34.3 pg/dl to 10.2 pg/dl. To our knowledge, this report is the first in the literature concerning a case of @entity6 with @entity5 .

title: [ XXXX (IgA-lambda type) with @entity5 ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: An outbreak of food @entity2 involving most autonomous Spanish communities was detected in the first half of 1994. The causative food was @entity0 formula milk contaminated by @entity1 -fermenting Salmonella virchow. It was not possible to isolate the causative strain from the manufacturer's facilities. During the same period of time, there was a significant increase in @entity1 -non-fermenting Salmonella virchow strains compared with the same period in previous years. Simultaneously, @entity1 -non-fermenting strains were recovered from clinical samples from @entity0 and from some milk samples that were involved in the outbreak. Therefore, it was speculated that the outbreak might be more extensive than initially thought. The following epidemiological markers were used for typing the Salmonella virchow strains involved in the outbreak: (i) phage typing: (ii) ribotyping, using a set of 20 different endonucleases: and (iii) pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, using three different endonucleases. The most useful markers for this serotype were phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, since ribotyping was not able to distinguish all strains tested. The results obtained revealed that the outbreak was caused by at least two strains: one presenting phage type 4-4a and pulsed-field patterns A1 or A2 and L+ or L-, and another presenting phage type 2 and pulsed-field patterns A1 or A2 and L+ or L-. The results indicate that the outbreak was more extensive than initially thought and that the Virchow serotype is very clonal in Spain.

title: Multiple analysis of a foodborne outbreak caused by XXXX formula contaminated by an atypical Salmonella virchow strain.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on the structure of resistive arteries assessed from minimal vascular resistance in the forearm and the @entity2 and on left ventricular mass index of elderly @entity1 subjects with @entity3 . DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated 23 elderly @entity0 [12 @entity0 and 11 @entity0 , aged 70 +/- 1 years (mean +/- SEM)] with essential @entity1 assessed with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and @entity3 before and at the end of 6 months' treatment with @entity4 . Minimal vascular resistance was calculated as the ratio of mean arterial pressure to regional blood flow measured upon restoration of circulation after 13 min of ischaemia combined with exercise and taken as an index of resistive vessel structure (i.e. media:lumen ratio). RESULTS: Daytime ambulatory blood pressure had decreased from 164 +/- 2/95 +/- 1 to 147 +/- 3/86 +/- 2 mmHg (P < 0.001) and left ventricular mass index decreased from 138 +/- 4 to 120 +/- 5 g/m2 (P < 0.001) at the end of treatment. Minimal vascular resistance in the forearm had decreased from 3.1 +/- 0.3 to 2.4 +/- 0.2 mmHg/ml per 100 ml per min (P < 0.01) whereas we observed no change in minimal vascular resistance in the @entity2 after treatment (4.6 +/- 0.7 versus 4.2 +/- 0.4 mmHg/ml per 100 ml per min, NS). The decrease in minimal vascular resistance in the forearm was correlated significantly to the fall in 24 h ambulatory mean arterial pressure (r = 0.58, P < 0.01). Changes in left ventricular mass index were not correlated to those in ambulatory blood pressure or to those in minimal vascular resistance in the forearm. CONCLUSIONS: A 6-month reduction in blood pressure under @entity4 treatment was associated with decreases in @entity3 and in minimal vascular resistance in the forearm of elderly @entity1 @entity0 . Absence of structural changes in leg vasculature could be related to the greater arterial pressure prevalent in the lower limbs while @entity0 stood upright and, consequently, a proportionately smaller decrease in blood pressure, as well as greater structural changes and fibrous damage than those of the upper limbs.

title: Vascular structure in the forearm and @entity2 after 6 months of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in elderly @entity1 subjects with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on the structure of resistive arteries assessed from minimal vascular resistance in the forearm and the @entity2 and on left ventricular mass index of elderly @entity1 subjects with @entity3 . DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated 23 elderly @entity0 [12 @entity0 and 11 @entity0 , aged 70 +/- 1 years (mean +/- SEM)] with essential @entity1 assessed with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and @entity3 before and at the end of 6 months' treatment with @entity4 . Minimal vascular resistance was calculated as the ratio of mean arterial pressure to regional blood flow measured upon restoration of circulation after 13 min of ischaemia combined with exercise and taken as an index of resistive vessel structure (i.e. media:lumen ratio). RESULTS: Daytime ambulatory blood pressure had decreased from 164 +/- 2/95 +/- 1 to 147 +/- 3/86 +/- 2 mmHg (P < 0.001) and left ventricular mass index decreased from 138 +/- 4 to 120 +/- 5 g/m2 (P < 0.001) at the end of treatment. Minimal vascular resistance in the forearm had decreased from 3.1 +/- 0.3 to 2.4 +/- 0.2 mmHg/ml per 100 ml per min (P < 0.01) whereas we observed no change in minimal vascular resistance in the @entity2 after treatment (4.6 +/- 0.7 versus 4.2 +/- 0.4 mmHg/ml per 100 ml per min, NS). The decrease in minimal vascular resistance in the forearm was correlated significantly to the fall in 24 h ambulatory mean arterial pressure (r = 0.58, P < 0.01). Changes in left ventricular mass index were not correlated to those in ambulatory blood pressure or to those in minimal vascular resistance in the forearm. CONCLUSIONS: A 6-month reduction in blood pressure under @entity4 treatment was associated with decreases in @entity3 and in minimal vascular resistance in the forearm of elderly @entity1 @entity0 . Absence of structural changes in leg vasculature could be related to the greater arterial pressure prevalent in the lower limbs while @entity0 stood upright and, consequently, a proportionately smaller decrease in blood pressure, as well as greater structural changes and fibrous damage than those of the upper limbs.

title: Vascular structure in the forearm and XXXX after 6 months of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in elderly @entity1 subjects with @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on the structure of resistive arteries assessed from minimal vascular resistance in the forearm and the @entity2 and on left ventricular mass index of elderly @entity1 subjects with @entity3 . DESIGN AND METHODS: We evaluated 23 elderly @entity0 [12 @entity0 and 11 @entity0 , aged 70 +/- 1 years (mean +/- SEM)] with essential @entity1 assessed with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and @entity3 before and at the end of 6 months' treatment with @entity4 . Minimal vascular resistance was calculated as the ratio of mean arterial pressure to regional blood flow measured upon restoration of circulation after 13 min of ischaemia combined with exercise and taken as an index of resistive vessel structure (i.e. media:lumen ratio). RESULTS: Daytime ambulatory blood pressure had decreased from 164 +/- 2/95 +/- 1 to 147 +/- 3/86 +/- 2 mmHg (P < 0.001) and left ventricular mass index decreased from 138 +/- 4 to 120 +/- 5 g/m2 (P < 0.001) at the end of treatment. Minimal vascular resistance in the forearm had decreased from 3.1 +/- 0.3 to 2.4 +/- 0.2 mmHg/ml per 100 ml per min (P < 0.01) whereas we observed no change in minimal vascular resistance in the @entity2 after treatment (4.6 +/- 0.7 versus 4.2 +/- 0.4 mmHg/ml per 100 ml per min, NS). The decrease in minimal vascular resistance in the forearm was correlated significantly to the fall in 24 h ambulatory mean arterial pressure (r = 0.58, P < 0.01). Changes in left ventricular mass index were not correlated to those in ambulatory blood pressure or to those in minimal vascular resistance in the forearm. CONCLUSIONS: A 6-month reduction in blood pressure under @entity4 treatment was associated with decreases in @entity3 and in minimal vascular resistance in the forearm of elderly @entity1 @entity0 . Absence of structural changes in leg vasculature could be related to the greater arterial pressure prevalent in the lower limbs while @entity0 stood upright and, consequently, a proportionately smaller decrease in blood pressure, as well as greater structural changes and fibrous damage than those of the upper limbs.

title: Vascular structure in the forearm and @entity2 after 6 months of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in elderly XXXX subjects with @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Incident reporting is an effective tool for continuous quality improvement in clinical practice. A prospective study on @entity4 reporting in @entity1 management was conducted at a major teaching hospital in Hong Kong. Over a 12-month period, 53 incidents were reported in 1275 @entity0 who received @entity1 relief treatments which were supervised by the acute @entity1 service. The majority of the incidents were first detected by the @entity1 team. The most common incidents involved delivery circuits, delivery pump and drug administration. A large proportion (81.4%) of the incidents were thought to be preventable. @entity0 factors were involved in 41.9% of the @entity0 reported, most commonly associated with unfamiliar technique/inexperience, inattention and inadequate communication. Four @entity0 developed major morbidity of which two were attributed to inadequate @entity3 , while three others had major physiological changes without morbidity. Strategies have been formulated to prevent further occurrence of these incidents. We propose that incident reporting is a potentially useful tool in identifying and preventing adverse events in @entity2 management.

title: Incident reporting in acute XXXX management.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Visual acuity and vision related quality of life outcomes in @entity2 surgery were evaluated in a population based survey in two geographic zones in Nepal. METHODS: Case finding was based on random sampling using a stratified cluster design with door to door enumeration of @entity0 aged > or = 45 years followed by eye examinations at village sites. All aphakics/pseudophakics, those with visual acuity less than 6/60 in either eye, and a sample of those with normal visual acuity were administered @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and quality of life (QOL) questionnaires. RESULTS: 15% of the 159 @entity2 operated cases had presenting visual acuity > or = 6/18 in both eyes, 38% with best corrected visual acuity. 21% were still blind with presenting visual acuity < 6/60 in both eyes, 7% with best correction. On a 0-100 scale, mean @entity1 and QOL scores were 87.2 and 93.9 respectively in normally sighted unoperated individuals, dropping to 15.6 and 29.5 for those severely blind (< 3/60). Among the @entity2 operated, mean @entity1 and QOL scores were 47.5 and 55.4, respectively. @entity1 and QOL scores correlated with vision status at statistically significant levels (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: @entity2 surgery outcomes, whether measured by traditional visual acuity or by @entity0 reported @entity1 /QOL, are at levels many would consider unacceptably low. It is apparent that in the quest to reduce @entity2 much more attention must be given to improving surgery outcomes.

title: Visual functioning and quality of life outcomes among XXXX operated and unoperated blind populations in Nepal.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: To compare the effectiveness of @entity3 ( @entity5 ), @entity2 ( @entity4 ), and both in combination, in preventing rejection following corneal transplantations. METHODS: @entity0 of the inbred strains Brown Norway and Lewis were used as donors and recipients respectively. @entity5 was administered orally in both monotherapy and combination therapy for 14 days in a dosage of 40 mg/kg body weight, and @entity4 was administered, likewise for 14 days, in an intramuscular dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight. The transplants were examined every third day by slit lamp microscopy. Every transplant was subjected to histological or immunohistological evaluation. RESULTS: The average transplant survival rate in the allogenic strain combination was 7.9 days (SEM 1.1). Monotherapy with @entity5 led to a statistically significant prolongation of transplant survival to 11.6 days (SEM 0.9, p < 0.05). Monotherapy with @entity4 delayed transplant rejection statistically significantly longer than @entity5 (21 days, 0.0, p < 0.05). The combination therapy with @entity4 and @entity5 was statistically significantly superior to the monotherapy with @entity5 (22.3 days, 0.5, p < 0.05). The combination therapy prolonged transplant survival compared with the @entity4 monotherapy, albeit not to a statistically significant extent. CONCLUSIONS: In this study we were able to prove the immunosuppressive effect of oral @entity5 on acute rejection following corneal transplantation. Double drug therapy with @entity4 and @entity5 conferred a marginal benefit without a higher incidence of complications related to @entity1 or overimmunosuppression.

title: Effect of @entity3 , XXXX , and both in combination in a murine corneal graft rejection model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: To compare the effectiveness of @entity3 ( @entity5 ), @entity2 ( @entity4 ), and both in combination, in preventing rejection following corneal transplantations. METHODS: @entity0 of the inbred strains Brown Norway and Lewis were used as donors and recipients respectively. @entity5 was administered orally in both monotherapy and combination therapy for 14 days in a dosage of 40 mg/kg body weight, and @entity4 was administered, likewise for 14 days, in an intramuscular dosage of 10 mg/kg body weight. The transplants were examined every third day by slit lamp microscopy. Every transplant was subjected to histological or immunohistological evaluation. RESULTS: The average transplant survival rate in the allogenic strain combination was 7.9 days (SEM 1.1). Monotherapy with @entity5 led to a statistically significant prolongation of transplant survival to 11.6 days (SEM 0.9, p < 0.05). Monotherapy with @entity4 delayed transplant rejection statistically significantly longer than @entity5 (21 days, 0.0, p < 0.05). The combination therapy with @entity4 and @entity5 was statistically significantly superior to the monotherapy with @entity5 (22.3 days, 0.5, p < 0.05). The combination therapy prolonged transplant survival compared with the @entity4 monotherapy, albeit not to a statistically significant extent. CONCLUSIONS: In this study we were able to prove the immunosuppressive effect of oral @entity5 on acute rejection following corneal transplantation. Double drug therapy with @entity4 and @entity5 conferred a marginal benefit without a higher incidence of complications related to @entity1 or overimmunosuppression.

title: Effect of XXXX , @entity2 , and both in combination in a murine corneal graft rejection model.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Historical cohort studies in England have found that @entity4 in early childhood are associated with lower levels of lung function in late adult life. These relations are investigated in a similar study in Scotland. METHODS: In 1985-86 a follow up study was carried out of 1070 @entity0 who had been born in St Andrew's from 1921 to 1935 and followed from birth to 14 years of age by the Mackenzie Institute for Medical Research. Recorded information included birth weight and @entity3 . The lung function of 239 of these individuals was measured. RESULTS: There was no association between birth weight and lung function. Pneumonia before two years of age was associated with a difference in mean forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of -0.39 litres (95% confidence interval (CI) -0.67, -0.11; p = 0.007) and in mean forced vital capacity (FVC) of -0.60 litres (95% CI -0.92, -0.28; p < 0.001), after controlling for age, sex, height, smoking, type of spirometer, and other illnesses before two years. Similar reductions were seen in @entity0 and @entity0 . @entity5 before two years was associated with smaller deficits in FEV1 and FVC. @entity2 or wheeze at two years and older and cough after five years were also associated with a reduction in FEV1. CONCLUSIONS: The relation between impaired fetal growth and lower lung function in late adult life seen in previous studies was not confirmed in this cohort. The deficits in FEV1 and FVC associated with @entity1 and @entity5 in the first two years of life are consistent with a causal relation.

title: Birth weight, XXXX , and adult lung function.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Antioxidant enzymes are an important part of the defence mechanisms against free @entity1 . Little is known, however, about the relationship between sex @entity3 hormones and cellular antioxidant systems. We have investigated the effect of physiological sex steroid changes on the erythrocyte antioxidant @entity5 peroxidase ( @entity6 -Px) activity during the menstrual cycle in a population of healthy normomenorrhoic @entity0 . DESIGN: Prospective, controlled. @entity0 : Ten normally cycling @entity0 (age range: 19-28 years; mean: 23.3 years) were recruited for alternate-day blood sampling from the first day of one menstrual bleed until the first day of the subsequent menstrual phase. MEASUREMENTS: Plasma was analysed for LH, FSH, @entity2 (E2) and @entity4 (P4) concentrations. Erythrocyte @entity6 -Px activity was evaluated on the same days in all subjects. Pyruvate-kinase (PK) activity, as an index of red blood cell population age, was also determined. RESULTS: All the @entity0 examined had a normal ovulatory cycle, as indicated by the hormone plasma pattern. Cycle length was standardized on the basis of the preovulatory E2 peak. Significant cycle phase-related changes in @entity6 -Px (P < 0.03) were observed, with higher @entity6 -Px activity levels being found from the later follicular to early luteal phase as compared to early follicular phase (chi 2 = 8.53, P < 0.001 and chi 2 = 5.54, P < 0.002, respectively). A significant positive correlation was observed between mean E2 and @entity6 -Px cycle-related changes (r = 0.78, P = 0.001). Conversely, no significant cycle phase-dependent variations were detected in PK. CONCLUSIONS: The findings support the hypothesis that physiological ovarian E2 production during the menstrual cycle may play an important role in regulating erythrocyte @entity5 peroxidase activity.

title: Variations in erythrocyte antioxidant XXXX peroxidase activity during the menstrual cycle.

answer: @entity5


abstract: We investigated whether @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity0 have physical and/or cardiovascular de-conditioning, in 273 @entity4 @entity0 and 72 healthy controls. We used laboratory tests to assess haematological, biochemical, endocrinological and immunological systems. The cardiovascular system was assessed by echocardiography and carotid echography. Body composition was determined by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). @entity4 @entity0 had smaller left ventricular end systolic (p < 0.001) and diastolic (p = 0.008) dimensions but thinner posterior walls (p = 0.02) than corresponding values in healthy controls. Left ventricular mass was also reduced in @entity4 @entity0 (p = 0.006). Both maximum (p < 0.001) and minimum (p < 0.008) diameter of the carotid artery were smaller in @entity4 @entity0 . The laboratory screening tests showed significant differences in serum albumin (p = 0.05), @entity2 (p = 0.02), HDL- @entity1 (p = 0.03), HDL:total @entity1 ratio (p = 0.01), @entity3 (p = 0.02), neutrophils (p = 0.01) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (p = 0.04) between @entity4 @entity0 and controls. Male @entity4 @entity0 had an increased percentage of fat mass compared with healthy male subjects (p = 0.02). This large group of @entity4 @entity0 had evidence of physical and cardiovascular de-conditioning, suggesting that in these @entity0 a graded exercise programme could lead to physical reconditioning and could increase their ability to perform physical activities.

title: XXXX : physical and cardiovascular deconditioning.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a condition of young @entity0 characterized by recurrent episodes of pruritic vesicles and pustules in an acral distribution. Several reports describe @entity0 with @entity1 prior to the diagnosis of @entity2 , although the relationship between the two remains unclear. Furthermore, optimal therapy is controversial. We reviewed the history of @entity1 and response to therapy in 21 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity2 at two institutions between 1983 and 1997. A history of prior treatment for @entity1 was noted in 14 @entity0 , although only two had mites, feces, or ova detected on microscopic examination for diagnostic verification. All @entity0 were treated with topical corticosteroids (4 with class I, 12 with class II, 3 with class III, 1 with class IV, and 1 with class VI). All 18 @entity0 who returned for follow-up experienced significant improvement or cleared completely with treatment. There were no observed cutaneous or systemic side effects from corticosteroid therapy. We conclude that a history of preceding @entity1 is common in @entity0 with @entity2 , but often this diagnosis is made without microscopic confirmation. We also demonstrate that mid- to high-potency topical corticosteroids are a safe and effective first-line therapy for @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: @entity2 revisited: history of XXXX and response to topical corticosteroids.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a condition of young @entity0 characterized by recurrent episodes of pruritic vesicles and pustules in an acral distribution. Several reports describe @entity0 with @entity1 prior to the diagnosis of @entity2 , although the relationship between the two remains unclear. Furthermore, optimal therapy is controversial. We reviewed the history of @entity1 and response to therapy in 21 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity2 at two institutions between 1983 and 1997. A history of prior treatment for @entity1 was noted in 14 @entity0 , although only two had mites, feces, or ova detected on microscopic examination for diagnostic verification. All @entity0 were treated with topical corticosteroids (4 with class I, 12 with class II, 3 with class III, 1 with class IV, and 1 with class VI). All 18 @entity0 who returned for follow-up experienced significant improvement or cleared completely with treatment. There were no observed cutaneous or systemic side effects from corticosteroid therapy. We conclude that a history of preceding @entity1 is common in @entity0 with @entity2 , but often this diagnosis is made without microscopic confirmation. We also demonstrate that mid- to high-potency topical corticosteroids are a safe and effective first-line therapy for @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: XXXX revisited: history of @entity1 and response to topical corticosteroids.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Previous angioplasty studies have used angiography and intravascular ultrasound to obtain vascular dimensions. These imaging methods do not always provide reliable measurements due to limitations in image orientation and resolution. In this study, high-resolution (0.1 x 0.1 x 0.5 mm) transverse CT slices were obtained from @entity0 common-iliac arteries in vitro to study their elastic response pre- and @entity2 . Seven iliacs from five @entity0 were imaged over the physiological pressure range both pre- and @entity2 . Contrast was obtained with humidified air surrounding the artery. Angioplasty was done with 10 or 12 mm diameter Medi-Tech balloon catheters with a balloon pressure of 300 kPa held for 30 s. Lumen circumference, c, measured from the images, was plotted against pressure, P, and curve fitting showed c = A(1 - e(-KP)) + B where A, K, and B are fitting parameters. Six lesions appeared soft and were compressed, while one was calcified and partially lifted off the wall. Normalized changes in parameters B and K were much higher @entity2 in the @entity1 , and were over 3 standard deviations from the means of the normalized changes in the six compressed lesions. Balloon/stenosed lumen diameter ratios greater than 1.2 produced a lumen area increase of 38.6 +/- 4.1%(S.D.)(n = 3); ratios less than 1.2 produced an increase of 4.4 +/- 5.1%(S.D.)(n = 4). There was no correlation between area increase and balloon/normal lumen diameter ratio (the value used clinically). Arteries with lesions containing stiffer plaques that tear from the artery wall during angioplasty appear more distensible over the physiological pressure range @entity2 .

title: Elastic response of XXXX iliac arteries in-vitro to balloon angioplasty using high-resolution CT.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 is activated by the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and then co-ordinates important signaling pathways for T lymphocyte activation. Effector pathways for this @entity6 binding protein in T cells are mediated by the @entity0 / @entity2 kinase @entity8 and the Ras-related GTPase @entity4 . In fibroblasts, an important effector for the Ras oncogene is @entity3 3-kinase (PtdIns 3-kinase). Activation of this lipid kinase is able to induce critical @entity4 signaling pathways and can couple @entity7 to cell survival mechanisms via the @entity0 / @entity2 kinase @entity1 . The role of PtdIns 3-kinase in Ras signaling in T cells has not been explored. In the present study, we examined the ability of PtdIns 3-kinase to initiate the @entity4 signaling pathways important for T cell activation. We also examined the possibility that @entity1 is regulated by Ras signaling pathways in T lymphocytes. The results show that Ras can initiate a @entity4 mediated pathway that regulates the transcriptional function of AP-1 complexes. @entity3 3-kinase signals cannot mimic @entity7 and induce the Rac mediated responses of AP-1 transcriptional activation. Moreover, neither @entity5 or Ras activation of AP-1 is dependent on PtdIns 3-kinase. @entity1 is activated in response to triggering of the @entity5 ; PtdIns 3-kinase activity is both required and sufficient for this @entity5 response. In contrast, @entity7 signals are unable to induce @entity1 activity in T cell nor is Ras function required for @entity1 activation in response to the @entity5 . The present data thus highlight that PtdIns 3-kinase and @entity1 are not universal Ras effector molecules. Ras can initiate @entity4 regulated signaling pathways in the context of @entity5 function independently of PtdIns 3-kinase activity.

title: XXXX initiates @entity4 but not @entity3 3 kinase/ @entity1 , mediated signaling pathways in T lymphocytes.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 is activated by the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and then co-ordinates important signaling pathways for T lymphocyte activation. Effector pathways for this @entity6 binding protein in T cells are mediated by the @entity0 / @entity2 kinase @entity8 and the Ras-related GTPase @entity4 . In fibroblasts, an important effector for the Ras oncogene is @entity3 3-kinase (PtdIns 3-kinase). Activation of this lipid kinase is able to induce critical @entity4 signaling pathways and can couple @entity7 to cell survival mechanisms via the @entity0 / @entity2 kinase @entity1 . The role of PtdIns 3-kinase in Ras signaling in T cells has not been explored. In the present study, we examined the ability of PtdIns 3-kinase to initiate the @entity4 signaling pathways important for T cell activation. We also examined the possibility that @entity1 is regulated by Ras signaling pathways in T lymphocytes. The results show that Ras can initiate a @entity4 mediated pathway that regulates the transcriptional function of AP-1 complexes. @entity3 3-kinase signals cannot mimic @entity7 and induce the Rac mediated responses of AP-1 transcriptional activation. Moreover, neither @entity5 or Ras activation of AP-1 is dependent on PtdIns 3-kinase. @entity1 is activated in response to triggering of the @entity5 ; PtdIns 3-kinase activity is both required and sufficient for this @entity5 response. In contrast, @entity7 signals are unable to induce @entity1 activity in T cell nor is Ras function required for @entity1 activation in response to the @entity5 . The present data thus highlight that PtdIns 3-kinase and @entity1 are not universal Ras effector molecules. Ras can initiate @entity4 regulated signaling pathways in the context of @entity5 function independently of PtdIns 3-kinase activity.

title: @entity7 initiates XXXX but not @entity3 3 kinase/ @entity1 , mediated signaling pathways in T lymphocytes.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity7 is activated by the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and then co-ordinates important signaling pathways for T lymphocyte activation. Effector pathways for this @entity6 binding protein in T cells are mediated by the @entity0 / @entity2 kinase @entity8 and the Ras-related GTPase @entity4 . In fibroblasts, an important effector for the Ras oncogene is @entity3 3-kinase (PtdIns 3-kinase). Activation of this lipid kinase is able to induce critical @entity4 signaling pathways and can couple @entity7 to cell survival mechanisms via the @entity0 / @entity2 kinase @entity1 . The role of PtdIns 3-kinase in Ras signaling in T cells has not been explored. In the present study, we examined the ability of PtdIns 3-kinase to initiate the @entity4 signaling pathways important for T cell activation. We also examined the possibility that @entity1 is regulated by Ras signaling pathways in T lymphocytes. The results show that Ras can initiate a @entity4 mediated pathway that regulates the transcriptional function of AP-1 complexes. @entity3 3-kinase signals cannot mimic @entity7 and induce the Rac mediated responses of AP-1 transcriptional activation. Moreover, neither @entity5 or Ras activation of AP-1 is dependent on PtdIns 3-kinase. @entity1 is activated in response to triggering of the @entity5 ; PtdIns 3-kinase activity is both required and sufficient for this @entity5 response. In contrast, @entity7 signals are unable to induce @entity1 activity in T cell nor is Ras function required for @entity1 activation in response to the @entity5 . The present data thus highlight that PtdIns 3-kinase and @entity1 are not universal Ras effector molecules. Ras can initiate @entity4 regulated signaling pathways in the context of @entity5 function independently of PtdIns 3-kinase activity.

title: @entity7 initiates @entity4 but not XXXX 3 kinase/ @entity1 , mediated signaling pathways in T lymphocytes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity7 is activated by the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and then co-ordinates important signaling pathways for T lymphocyte activation. Effector pathways for this @entity6 binding protein in T cells are mediated by the @entity0 / @entity2 kinase @entity8 and the Ras-related GTPase @entity4 . In fibroblasts, an important effector for the Ras oncogene is @entity3 3-kinase (PtdIns 3-kinase). Activation of this lipid kinase is able to induce critical @entity4 signaling pathways and can couple @entity7 to cell survival mechanisms via the @entity0 / @entity2 kinase @entity1 . The role of PtdIns 3-kinase in Ras signaling in T cells has not been explored. In the present study, we examined the ability of PtdIns 3-kinase to initiate the @entity4 signaling pathways important for T cell activation. We also examined the possibility that @entity1 is regulated by Ras signaling pathways in T lymphocytes. The results show that Ras can initiate a @entity4 mediated pathway that regulates the transcriptional function of AP-1 complexes. @entity3 3-kinase signals cannot mimic @entity7 and induce the Rac mediated responses of AP-1 transcriptional activation. Moreover, neither @entity5 or Ras activation of AP-1 is dependent on PtdIns 3-kinase. @entity1 is activated in response to triggering of the @entity5 ; PtdIns 3-kinase activity is both required and sufficient for this @entity5 response. In contrast, @entity7 signals are unable to induce @entity1 activity in T cell nor is Ras function required for @entity1 activation in response to the @entity5 . The present data thus highlight that PtdIns 3-kinase and @entity1 are not universal Ras effector molecules. Ras can initiate @entity4 regulated signaling pathways in the context of @entity5 function independently of PtdIns 3-kinase activity.

title: @entity7 initiates @entity4 but not @entity3 3 kinase/ XXXX , mediated signaling pathways in T lymphocytes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Many screening methods are available for detecting @entity1 . However, once @entity0 develop @entity2 , it is unclear as to what method should be used for their review. We describe a novel and integrated system for the screening and treatment of @entity1 using high street optometrists for primary screening and digital imaging as a secondary screening tool, with referral to a joint retinal clinic only where ophthalmological intervention may be required. Of 3586 @entity0 screened by optometrists, 328 were classified as having moderate/severe @entity2 or @entity1 . @entity0 with @entity2 (1% of the total) were recalled directly to the joint retinal clinic. A consecutive sample (281) of these @entity0 , together with a further 100 classified by the optometrists as having no or background @entity2 were compared using digital images and standard 35 mm colour transparencies. These, together with the original optometrist reports, were reviewed independently and individually by an ophthalmologist. A further sample of 124 @entity0 who had undergone both digital imaging and ophthalmologist slit-lamp examination were also compared. Comparison of 35 mm colour transparencies with optometrist reports showed the latter had a sensitivity for detecting sight-threatening @entity2 (STR) of 62%, a specificity of 84%, and a kappa score of 0.62. The results for digital images were 90%, 97%, and 0.90, respectively, although the extent of @entity2 was under-reported in 10 @entity0 . With ophthalmologist slit-lamp examination as the gold standard, the sensitivity of digital imaging was 90% with a substantial level of agreement between them (kappa 0.61). We conclude that digital images provide an efficient method for the follow-up of @entity0 with established or previously treated @entity2 .

title: Beyond retinal screening: digital imaging in the assessment and follow-up of @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Many screening methods are available for detecting @entity1 . However, once @entity0 develop @entity2 , it is unclear as to what method should be used for their review. We describe a novel and integrated system for the screening and treatment of @entity1 using high street optometrists for primary screening and digital imaging as a secondary screening tool, with referral to a joint retinal clinic only where ophthalmological intervention may be required. Of 3586 @entity0 screened by optometrists, 328 were classified as having moderate/severe @entity2 or @entity1 . @entity0 with @entity2 (1% of the total) were recalled directly to the joint retinal clinic. A consecutive sample (281) of these @entity0 , together with a further 100 classified by the optometrists as having no or background @entity2 were compared using digital images and standard 35 mm colour transparencies. These, together with the original optometrist reports, were reviewed independently and individually by an ophthalmologist. A further sample of 124 @entity0 who had undergone both digital imaging and ophthalmologist slit-lamp examination were also compared. Comparison of 35 mm colour transparencies with optometrist reports showed the latter had a sensitivity for detecting sight-threatening @entity2 (STR) of 62%, a specificity of 84%, and a kappa score of 0.62. The results for digital images were 90%, 97%, and 0.90, respectively, although the extent of @entity2 was under-reported in 10 @entity0 . With ophthalmologist slit-lamp examination as the gold standard, the sensitivity of digital imaging was 90% with a substantial level of agreement between them (kappa 0.61). We conclude that digital images provide an efficient method for the follow-up of @entity0 with established or previously treated @entity2 .

title: Beyond retinal screening: digital imaging in the assessment and follow-up of XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Using three reference @entity3 ( @entity3 ) as a prototype of T-cell mediated organ-specific @entity0 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ) as a prototype of autoantibody-mediated organ-specific @entity0 and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) as a prototype of non-organ-specific @entity0 --we have reached several conclusions: 1) All three diseases are associated with the presence of multiple autoantibodies and/or autoreactive T cells that recognize a large number of antigenic molecules. The apparent predominant role of certain antibodies in some diseases could relate to their functional properties such as @entity1 receptor (AChR) blockade for anti-AChR autoantibodies in @entity4 or anti-dsDNA in @entity2 . 2) Major target antigens are clustered in the target cell affected by organ-specific @entity0 : beta cells in @entity3 , striated-muscle cells in @entity4 , or apoptotic cells in the case of @entity2 . 3) Antibodies and T cells recognize multiple epitopes in these molecules. 4) The most evident explanation for the observed clustering and diversity is autoantigen spreading. Spreading probably involves T cells secreting proinflammatory cytokines but also possibly antibodies as in the case of nucleosome autoantibodies in @entity2 . 5) The counterpart of antigen spreading is bystander suppression in which regulatory cytokines deviate the immune response towards a protective response. 6) The mechanisms underlying the initiation of the autoimmune response and antigen spreading are still undetermined. They could imply a direct abnormality of the target cell in the case of organ-specific @entity0 (e.g. infection with a virus showing a selective tropism for the target cell in organ-specific @entity0 , or loss of physiological regulation of major histocompatibility complex molecule expression) or could be consequence of a ubiquitous cell abnormality such as increased apoptosis in @entity2 . The respective roles of genetic and environmental factors in these triggering events remain to be determined.

title: Are there unique autoantigens triggering XXXX ?

answer: @entity0


abstract: Vascular surgery or penile prosthesis implantation are the main surgical options for @entity2 . In this category, penile revascularization is the only causal therapy for selected @entity0 : males younger than 50 years of age at time of surgery, maximum of two risk factors, exclusion of @entity1 . Long-term success decreased to 53% to 55% in comparison to first encouraging reports of 80% success. Venous surgery resulted in an even more distinct decline of success the longer the elapse of time after surgery. Long-term success dropped under 40%, leaving only a few indications for penile venous ligation. In contrast, penile prosthesis implantation results in high satisfaction rates. Despite this, it is not generally recommended as first choice surgical management as it is linked to irreversible damage of the cavernosal bodies. Among numerous types of penile implants, preference is nowadays mostly given to the three-piece hydraulic models. However, such complications as defective or perforated cylinders in up to 35% after 5 years have arisen, depending on the type of implant. In a selected @entity0 group, vacuum constriction devices with a mean @entity0 acceptance of 75% (50% to 90%) seldom result in complications and are thus considered to be a well-established therapeutical option.

title: [Vascular surgery, implant surgery and vacuum erectile aids. Review-overview-prospects of 3 therapy options in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the short-term effectiveness of a weekly dietary instruction program to reduce @entity1 in elementary school @entity0 . A total of 140 third- to sixth-grade overweight @entity0 and 130 height- and age-matched overweight @entity0 were selected from two elementary schools in Kaohsiung. The primary inclusion criterion was a Rohrer's Index [RI = weight (kg)/height (cm)3 x 10(7)] greater than 150. The anthropometric measurement was performed on both the group receiving instruction and the group not receiving instruction. Biomedical monitoring of the students state of health, assessments of their nutritional knowledge, attitude and practice (K.A.P.) before and after the thirteen-week instruction were compared in the instruction group. After completion of the instruction program, a significant reduction of RI values (177.2 +/- 18.3 vs. 169.4 +/- 20.1, p < 0.01), and a significant increase in body height (144.9 +/- 7.7 cm vs. 146.7 +/- 7.7 cm, p < 0.01), with no change in body weight (54.5 +/- 11.3 kg vs. 54.3 +/- 11.3 kg) were found in the group receiving instruction. Some of the anthropometric parameters of @entity1 were also significantly improved. Reduction of total @entity2 and serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (GOT)/Glutamic Pyrvic Transaminase ( @entity4 ) levels were also observed; the later phenomena were interpreted as an improvement in the @entity3 , which usually accompanies @entity1 . A significantly increased nutrition knowledge and change to more healthy dietary behavior were also found in students who finished the instruction program. This reduction was a measure of the effectiveness of weekly dietary instruction sessions. An increase in NSQ scores indicated improved nutritional knowledge and behavior. Through the implementation of weekly nutritional instruction, a decrease in RI can be achieved in a thirteen-week period. We propose that frequent nutritional education should be part of the curriculum of elementary school @entity0 in order to prevent @entity1 .

title: The effectiveness of dietary instruction in obese school XXXX of southern Taiwan.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Levels of @entity3 (D/L ratio) in cranial non-collagen proteins (acid-soluble peptide fractions) have been reported to increase with age. We isolated total @entity2 fractions from the femur and separately isolated acid-insoluble collagen fraction and acid-soluble peptide fractions; then D/L ratios were measured from each fraction by gas chromatography. We evaluated the applicability of their D/L ratios for age estimation based on their correlation coefficient. A sex-related difference was observed in the D/L ratio. In particular, aged females showed a low ratio, suggesting an association with @entity1 . In males, the D/L ratios of acid-soluble peptide fraction showed the highest correlation rate (r = 0.969) with age, and those of total @entity2 fraction showed the highest correlation rate (r = 0.633) with age in females. Without separation of male and female, the D/L ratios of total @entity2 fraction showed the highest value (r = 0.853). The D/L ratio of acid-soluble peptide fractions differed according to the size of bone powder particles, being higher for larger particle sizes. These results suggest that the application of D/L ratio from total @entity2 fraction is the most effective method for estimating age using the @entity0 femur. However, care is necessary when studing cadavers that might be females.

title: Evaluation of aspartic acid racemization ratios in the XXXX femur for age estimation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Margosan-O, an insecticide formulated from extracts of neem tree (Azadirachta indica) seed kernels, besides being toxic, also has feeding, oviposition-deterring, and growth-inhibitory effects on insects. This product, registered in the United States for ornamental plants, has been proposed for food crop use. However, little information exists on its effects on aquatic organisms. This study investigated @entity0 of Margosan-O to the mosquito Culex spp., a possible target species, and to nontarget species-two crustaceans, Daphnia magna, Hyalella azteca, and a dipteran, Chironomus riparius. The 48-h EC50 value of 105 mg @entity1 . was significantly more toxic than for C. riparius (281 mg @entity1 ), not significantly different from D. magna (125 mg @entity1 ) but was significantly less toxic than for H. azteca (71 mg @entity1 ). A concentration of 20-30 mg @entity1 caused growth inhibitory effects in Culex spp. and C. riparius larvae and 40 and 84 mg @entity1 affected growth and reproduction in H. azteca and D. magna, respectively. Margosan-O may not be suitable for mosquito control since the concentrations required to control emergence may have some nontarget effects. Alternatively, the agricultural application of Margosan-O is also not expected to reduce the survival or produce growth and reproductive effects in nontarget aquatic organisms. However, based on estimated concentrations of less than 10 mg @entity1 in adjacent shallow bodies of water and recommendations for repeated applications, there should be concern that the threshold for chronic @entity0 is too narrow.

title: The XXXX of margosan-O, a product of neem seeds, to selected target and nontarget aquatic invertebrates

answer: @entity0


abstract: To address the recent rise in @entity1 morbidity and mortality in Russia, an intervention study was conducted to improve @entity1 diagnosis, treatment and prevention. US recommendations for @entity1 management were adapted for use in educating Moscow families with @entity0 with @entity1 . Two hundred and fifty-two @entity0 with @entity1 aged 4-14 years receiving health care in eight Moscow public health clinics together with their parents were enrolled in the study to see whether US teaching manuals for @entity1 management would be acceptable and effective in Russia. @entity0 at four of the clinics with recent @entity1 attacks were randomly assigned to either the education or control group to test if @entity0 education and guided @entity1 care would improve outcomes for @entity0 . Modern medications were made available to both groups to see if training in the US guidelines was necessary to get physicians to use the medications. @entity0 with recent @entity1 attacks at the other four clinics were defined as comparison group 1 to control for the possible effect of medication availability. All @entity0 at the eight clinics who had no @entity1 attacks composed comparison group 2 to see if the outcomes for these @entity0 would change over time. One-year follow-up results showed significant improvement in @entity1 self-management skills of @entity0 and parents, in terms of @entity1 treatment, only among those in the education group. Significant increases were observed in the subgroup of @entity0 in the education group using anti-inflammatory drugs for @entity1 control. @entity0 in the education group had markedly increased peak flow rates and reduced daily peak flow variability as compared to control and comparison groups. There was a significantly greater reduction in doctor visits by the education group of @entity0 compared to control. Presumably, changes in parents' and @entity0 's behaviour in terms of @entity1 treatment and prevention skills, proper treatment of the disease and access to medications could be responsible for reducing @entity1 morbidity in @entity0 .

title: Asthma education programme in Russia: educating XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 smoking habit has been considered like an important cause of @entity1 . Health education efficiency has been supported by many experiences in order to promote @entity2 withdrawal by personal counselling with a direct nurse role at primary health care level. This study was carried out by all this information with tre straight goal of describing changes in the @entity1 @entity2 behaviour after a stepped counselling and a primary care nurse following. Description details are given of the smoking @entity1 population counselled and listed at the same time in a nurse control clinic over a 18 months period. A Smokers Helping Scheme (SHS) was used. SHS understood that @entity2 withdrawal is behavioural changing process with a few steps. Smokers were given with special written material for thes purpose. Results data were caught by the researchers from the chronical @entity0 's census and from the @entity2 program control sheets. @entity2 withdrawal was verified by espirated air CO determination (Smokorlizar system) and has been maintained by the 25% of managed @entity1 @entity0 in this investigation. We strongly believe that nursing @entity1 @entity2 counselling by SHS acts like a behavioural modificator as results are showing. Health state improvement and a better life quality have been got on the @entity1 @entity0 that has been managed.

title: [Smoking and XXXX . An intervention protocol].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosis and management of @entity8 complicating radiation therapy for squamous @entity3 ( @entity9 ) are not well known. CASES: A series of four @entity0 who underwent medical or surgical treatment of radiation-induced @entity6 were identified. @entity5 was seen in one @entity0 7 years after external irradiation for @entity9 and was treated by a femorofemoral bypass. Acute @entity5 was seen in three @entity0 . One @entity0 developed right foot @entity2 2 years after external irradiation for @entity9 which was treated by a right axillofemoral bypass. One @entity0 developed a @entity1 2 years after external irradiation for a recurrence of @entity9 which was treated by a percutaneous @entity4 . One @entity0 developed, 3 years after external irradiation for @entity9 , a subacute @entity2 of the left leg on the first postoperative day after a rectal resection. It was treated by vasodilators, @entity7 inhibitors, and anticoagulants. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of radiation-induced @entity8 complicating radiation therapy for @entity9 is easy but treatment is difficult. Long-term results of @entity4 are limited and extraanatomic bypass with allograft is the treatment of choice whenever feasible. However, because of poor long-term results, surgery should be attempted only in the case of severe @entity2 .

title: Iliac XXXX complicating radiation therapy for cervix cancer: a case series.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate our policy of managing @entity10 for the success rate of the treatments, potency afterward, complications, and the risk factors responsible for @entity6 in these @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: The study included 50 @entity0 (mean age 37.1 years, range 22-66) with a diagnosis of @entity10 (1981-1999). Their records were reviewed; 35 @entity0 were available for a long-term evaluation. Factors assessed were the duration of @entity10 , history of previous recurrent attacks, possible underlying causes (e.g. @entity1 , medications or @entity3 ), relation to sexual stimulation, @entity4 , and any attempt at previous management. A complete blood screen and blood gases were assessed in corporal aspirates. Duplex ultrasonography was used in all @entity6 @entity0 at their follow-up. Early and late complications were reviewed, and @entity0 asked about their erectile function before @entity10 , and any recurrence. RESULTS: The median (range) duration of @entity10 was 48 (6-240) h; almost half the @entity0 presented > 48 h after the onset of @entity10 . Sixteen @entity0 (32%) reported a history of previous recurrent attacks, of whom seven had a history of previous treatments. The main cause of @entity10 was idiopathic or intracavernosal injection with @entity9 . All @entity0 were initially treated by corporal blood aspiration and injection with @entity12 ; if this failed or if the @entity10 was prolonged (> 48 h) various shunts were used. The hospital stay was significantly shorter among @entity0 with @entity9 -induced or brief @entity10 . In the long-term follow-up of 35 @entity0 (mean 66.4 months, range 3-220) only 15 (43%) reported preserved erectile function, and this was more likely in @entity0 with brief @entity10 (< 48 h). Eight @entity0 (23%) reported subsequent recurrent attacks of @entity10 ; all were managed successfully as they presented shortly after their onset. @entity2 was detected in 20 @entity0 (57%), and was significantly more common in those with prolonged @entity10 (> 48 h) or from causes other than @entity9 . The 20 @entity6 @entity0 evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography had severe echo-dense @entity2 and high end-diastolic velocities suggesting @entity11 in all except two. In five @entity0 with shunts cavernosography showed extensive @entity8 irrespective of site of the shunt. MRI in five @entity0 with @entity2 showed heterogeneous areas of low signal intensity, corresponding with @entity7 and @entity2 . On univariate analysis the final result of management (complete detumescence or not), the duration of @entity10 and the presence of @entity2 significantly influenced erectile function. On multivariate logistic regression only the first remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 for > 48 h, failure to maintain complete detumescence after management, and marked @entity2 during the follow-up are the most significant risk factors responsible for @entity6 , with failure to achieve complete detumescence the most detrimental.

title: @entity5 : risk factors for XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate our policy of managing @entity10 for the success rate of the treatments, potency afterward, complications, and the risk factors responsible for @entity6 in these @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: The study included 50 @entity0 (mean age 37.1 years, range 22-66) with a diagnosis of @entity10 (1981-1999). Their records were reviewed; 35 @entity0 were available for a long-term evaluation. Factors assessed were the duration of @entity10 , history of previous recurrent attacks, possible underlying causes (e.g. @entity1 , medications or @entity3 ), relation to sexual stimulation, @entity4 , and any attempt at previous management. A complete blood screen and blood gases were assessed in corporal aspirates. Duplex ultrasonography was used in all @entity6 @entity0 at their follow-up. Early and late complications were reviewed, and @entity0 asked about their erectile function before @entity10 , and any recurrence. RESULTS: The median (range) duration of @entity10 was 48 (6-240) h; almost half the @entity0 presented > 48 h after the onset of @entity10 . Sixteen @entity0 (32%) reported a history of previous recurrent attacks, of whom seven had a history of previous treatments. The main cause of @entity10 was idiopathic or intracavernosal injection with @entity9 . All @entity0 were initially treated by corporal blood aspiration and injection with @entity12 ; if this failed or if the @entity10 was prolonged (> 48 h) various shunts were used. The hospital stay was significantly shorter among @entity0 with @entity9 -induced or brief @entity10 . In the long-term follow-up of 35 @entity0 (mean 66.4 months, range 3-220) only 15 (43%) reported preserved erectile function, and this was more likely in @entity0 with brief @entity10 (< 48 h). Eight @entity0 (23%) reported subsequent recurrent attacks of @entity10 ; all were managed successfully as they presented shortly after their onset. @entity2 was detected in 20 @entity0 (57%), and was significantly more common in those with prolonged @entity10 (> 48 h) or from causes other than @entity9 . The 20 @entity6 @entity0 evaluated by Doppler ultrasonography had severe echo-dense @entity2 and high end-diastolic velocities suggesting @entity11 in all except two. In five @entity0 with shunts cavernosography showed extensive @entity8 irrespective of site of the shunt. MRI in five @entity0 with @entity2 showed heterogeneous areas of low signal intensity, corresponding with @entity7 and @entity2 . On univariate analysis the final result of management (complete detumescence or not), the duration of @entity10 and the presence of @entity2 significantly influenced erectile function. On multivariate logistic regression only the first remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 for > 48 h, failure to maintain complete detumescence after management, and marked @entity2 during the follow-up are the most significant risk factors responsible for @entity6 , with failure to achieve complete detumescence the most detrimental.

title: XXXX : risk factors for @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: We have reviewed the histopathological, clinical outcome and immunohistochemical status in 21 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity2 of the breast. We assessed 12 @entity2 as histopathologically benign and 9 @entity2 as malignant. The median @entity0 ages in benign and @entity2 were 39.6 and 45.4 years of age, respectively. The stromal cellularity, stromal cellular atypism, high mitotic activity, atypic mitoses, stromal overgrowth, infiltrative @entity2 contour, and heterologous stromal elements were significant features of the @entity2 . @entity2 were predominantly of fibroadenomatous architecture with cellular stroma (mild or moderate) and some distortion and elongation of glandular elements. Five @entity2 were stained positively with @entity3 , and 6 @entity2 were stained immunohistochemically with Ki-67. All @entity2 were negatively stained for @entity3 and Ki-67. The @entity0 with @entity2 were treated with local excision ( n=11) and with subcutaneous mastectomy ( n=1). @entity2 were treated with wide local excision ( n=1), partial mastectomy ( n=1), simple mastectomy ( n=2), and modified radical mastectomy ( n=5). Two @entity0 with a high mitotic rate and high values of @entity3 and Ki-67 received additional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. One case had liver @entity1 . This @entity2 had high mitotic figures, stromal overgrowth, severe stromal cellularity, and 20% Ki-67 and mild @entity3 positivity. We suggest that @entity3 and Ki-67 can play an important role in predicting prognosis and yielding additional therapy besides conventional prognostic factors in the treatment of the @entity4 @entity0 .

title: XXXX and Ki-67 expression as prognostic factors in @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We have reviewed the histopathological, clinical outcome and immunohistochemical status in 21 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity2 of the breast. We assessed 12 @entity2 as histopathologically benign and 9 @entity2 as malignant. The median @entity0 ages in benign and @entity2 were 39.6 and 45.4 years of age, respectively. The stromal cellularity, stromal cellular atypism, high mitotic activity, atypic mitoses, stromal overgrowth, infiltrative @entity2 contour, and heterologous stromal elements were significant features of the @entity2 . @entity2 were predominantly of fibroadenomatous architecture with cellular stroma (mild or moderate) and some distortion and elongation of glandular elements. Five @entity2 were stained positively with @entity3 , and 6 @entity2 were stained immunohistochemically with Ki-67. All @entity2 were negatively stained for @entity3 and Ki-67. The @entity0 with @entity2 were treated with local excision ( n=11) and with subcutaneous mastectomy ( n=1). @entity2 were treated with wide local excision ( n=1), partial mastectomy ( n=1), simple mastectomy ( n=2), and modified radical mastectomy ( n=5). Two @entity0 with a high mitotic rate and high values of @entity3 and Ki-67 received additional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. One case had liver @entity1 . This @entity2 had high mitotic figures, stromal overgrowth, severe stromal cellularity, and 20% Ki-67 and mild @entity3 positivity. We suggest that @entity3 and Ki-67 can play an important role in predicting prognosis and yielding additional therapy besides conventional prognostic factors in the treatment of the @entity4 @entity0 .

title: @entity3 and Ki-67 expression as prognostic factors in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Between January 1994 and July 1995, 40 pre-school @entity0 were found to have drug-resistant @entity2 (DRSP), i.e. reduced sensitivity to @entity1 (minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC, > or =0.1) and resistance to at least two other antibiotic drugs. Twenty-five of the @entity0 were index cases with symptoms of @entity3 , and 15 @entity0 were carriers discovered in contact-tracing in connection with an index case. @entity0 attending the same group in the day-care centre as an index @entity0 were routinely screened. Thirteen of the index @entity0 were attending day-care centres. In 11 of these day-care centres, contact-tracing and nasopharyngeal swabs from 424 @entity0 and 128 day-care personnel identified an additional 13 asymptomatic @entity0 who were carriers of DRSP. In all but one case, the same serotype as the index case was discovered. No day-care personnel were carriers of the DRSP strain. Sixteen (64%) of the 25 @entity0 with symptoms caused by DRSP were 1 year old or younger, whereas eight (61%) of the 13 @entity0 who were carriers of DRSP were 3-4 years old. In conclusion, when a @entity0 attending a day-care centre is discovered to have @entity3 caused by DRSP, there is a great probability that additional @entity0 will be identified in the group with the same DRSP strain.

title: Drug-resistant XXXX in day-care centres in Stockholm County.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Arteries enlarge in response to increased blood flow, but the molecular signals controlling this enlargement are not well understood. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potent mitogen for endothelial cells (EC) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and promotes cellular proliferation and differentiation. In order to determine whether bFGF is expressed in response to increased blood flow in vivo, carotid-jugular @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were created in @entity0 . The carotid artery proximal to the @entity1 was harvested after 1, 3, or 7 days and compared to nonoperated, control carotid arteries. Arterial blood flow increased five- to eightfold in all @entity3 animals and resulted in a significant increase in wall shear stress. The proximal carotid artery arterial diameter was no different from control after 1 and 3 days (2.3 +/- 0. 1 mm) but enlarged to 2.9 +/- 0.1 mm (P < 0.05) after 7 days. RT-PCR revealed early transcription of bFGF mRNA at 1 and 3 days with increased densitometric band ratio (bFGF/ @entity5 ) at 7 days. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed bFGF protein localization in EC of control arteries as well as @entity3 arteries at all time points. @entity4 and adventitia expression of bFGF was absent in controls, minimal at 1 day, and increased after 3 and 7 days in the experimental groups. Western blotting confirmed the presence of bFGF in samples and transmission immunoelectron microscopy confirmed its nuclear localization. Endothelial cells in vivo express bFGF under both normal and elevated flow conditions. Smooth muscle cells, however, do not express bFGF under normal flow conditions but begin to express bFGF after 1 day of high flow with increased expression after 3 and 7 days. Flow-induced @entity2 begins after @entity4 expression of bFGF. Therefore, bFGF may play a role in @entity2 and adaptive remodeling in response to increased flow.

title: Basic fibroblast growth factor expression precedes flow-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity9 ) is the most widely used polyene antibiotic to treat @entity3 which affect an increasing number of immunocompromised @entity0 . It is generally thought that @entity9 forms pores within the fungi membranes by interacting with @entity10 , the main @entity8 of fungi. However, it also interacts with the @entity2 contained in @entity0 cells, hence its @entity1 . In order to have a better understanding of the interactions prevailing between @entity9 and @entity5 , differential scanning calorimetry was used to study various mixtures incorporating from 6.5 to 25 mol% of @entity9 in pure @entity6 ( @entity7 ) vesicles and in @entity10 - or @entity2 -containing @entity7 vesicles. The @entity8 concentration was kept constant at 12.5 mol% with respect to the phospholipid. Our results show that three phases co-exist when @entity9 is dispersed in the pure phospholipid. One corresponds to the phospholipid phase alone. The two others are characterised by a broad transition at temperatures higher than the main transition temperature of the pure phospholipid, corresponding to the drug in interaction with the aliphatic chains of the lipid. The fact that the transition temperatures of these additional components are higher than that of the pure phospholipid suggests that @entity9 interacts strongly with the aliphatic chains of the lipid, consistent with the idea prevailing in the literature that @entity9 by itself may form pores in a lipid matrix. When @entity9 interacts with @entity2 -containing bilayers the thermograms also present three components. Upon increasing the concentration of @entity9 , though, an important broadening of these components is observed which is explained in terms of destabilisation of the organisation of the aliphatic chains. The situation is strikingly different if @entity10 is present in the lipid matrix. The thermograms remain unmodified as the concentration of @entity9 is increased and a broad transition, now involving only two components when the thermograms are decomposed, is observed. An analysis of the results shows that various interacting units, e.g. @entity9 + @entity7 and ( @entity9 + @entity10 )+ @entity7 , are present within the membrane. These units involve the phospholipid and hence contribute to its structurisation. The important differences between the thermograms obtained with the @entity10 - as compared to the @entity2 -containing bilayers, in spite of the structural similarity of these two @entity5 , provides strong evidence for the selectivity of interaction of @entity9 with @entity10 as compared to @entity2 . It is thus clear that the action of @entity9 on @entity2 - as compared to @entity10 -containing membranes results from different mechanisms. Finally, UV-visible spectra of @entity9 in pure as well as @entity8 -containing @entity7 vesicles show the presence of absorption bands that give support to the interpretation derived from the calorimetric data.

title: The structuring effects of @entity4 on pure and XXXX - or @entity2 -containing @entity6 bilayers: a differential scanning calorimetry study.

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity9 ) is the most widely used polyene antibiotic to treat @entity3 which affect an increasing number of immunocompromised @entity0 . It is generally thought that @entity9 forms pores within the fungi membranes by interacting with @entity10 , the main @entity8 of fungi. However, it also interacts with the @entity2 contained in @entity0 cells, hence its @entity1 . In order to have a better understanding of the interactions prevailing between @entity9 and @entity5 , differential scanning calorimetry was used to study various mixtures incorporating from 6.5 to 25 mol% of @entity9 in pure @entity6 ( @entity7 ) vesicles and in @entity10 - or @entity2 -containing @entity7 vesicles. The @entity8 concentration was kept constant at 12.5 mol% with respect to the phospholipid. Our results show that three phases co-exist when @entity9 is dispersed in the pure phospholipid. One corresponds to the phospholipid phase alone. The two others are characterised by a broad transition at temperatures higher than the main transition temperature of the pure phospholipid, corresponding to the drug in interaction with the aliphatic chains of the lipid. The fact that the transition temperatures of these additional components are higher than that of the pure phospholipid suggests that @entity9 interacts strongly with the aliphatic chains of the lipid, consistent with the idea prevailing in the literature that @entity9 by itself may form pores in a lipid matrix. When @entity9 interacts with @entity2 -containing bilayers the thermograms also present three components. Upon increasing the concentration of @entity9 , though, an important broadening of these components is observed which is explained in terms of destabilisation of the organisation of the aliphatic chains. The situation is strikingly different if @entity10 is present in the lipid matrix. The thermograms remain unmodified as the concentration of @entity9 is increased and a broad transition, now involving only two components when the thermograms are decomposed, is observed. An analysis of the results shows that various interacting units, e.g. @entity9 + @entity7 and ( @entity9 + @entity10 )+ @entity7 , are present within the membrane. These units involve the phospholipid and hence contribute to its structurisation. The important differences between the thermograms obtained with the @entity10 - as compared to the @entity2 -containing bilayers, in spite of the structural similarity of these two @entity5 , provides strong evidence for the selectivity of interaction of @entity9 with @entity10 as compared to @entity2 . It is thus clear that the action of @entity9 on @entity2 - as compared to @entity10 -containing membranes results from different mechanisms. Finally, UV-visible spectra of @entity9 in pure as well as @entity8 -containing @entity7 vesicles show the presence of absorption bands that give support to the interpretation derived from the calorimetric data.

title: The structuring effects of XXXX on pure and @entity10 - or @entity2 -containing @entity6 bilayers: a differential scanning calorimetry study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity9 ) is the most widely used polyene antibiotic to treat @entity3 which affect an increasing number of immunocompromised @entity0 . It is generally thought that @entity9 forms pores within the fungi membranes by interacting with @entity10 , the main @entity8 of fungi. However, it also interacts with the @entity2 contained in @entity0 cells, hence its @entity1 . In order to have a better understanding of the interactions prevailing between @entity9 and @entity5 , differential scanning calorimetry was used to study various mixtures incorporating from 6.5 to 25 mol% of @entity9 in pure @entity6 ( @entity7 ) vesicles and in @entity10 - or @entity2 -containing @entity7 vesicles. The @entity8 concentration was kept constant at 12.5 mol% with respect to the phospholipid. Our results show that three phases co-exist when @entity9 is dispersed in the pure phospholipid. One corresponds to the phospholipid phase alone. The two others are characterised by a broad transition at temperatures higher than the main transition temperature of the pure phospholipid, corresponding to the drug in interaction with the aliphatic chains of the lipid. The fact that the transition temperatures of these additional components are higher than that of the pure phospholipid suggests that @entity9 interacts strongly with the aliphatic chains of the lipid, consistent with the idea prevailing in the literature that @entity9 by itself may form pores in a lipid matrix. When @entity9 interacts with @entity2 -containing bilayers the thermograms also present three components. Upon increasing the concentration of @entity9 , though, an important broadening of these components is observed which is explained in terms of destabilisation of the organisation of the aliphatic chains. The situation is strikingly different if @entity10 is present in the lipid matrix. The thermograms remain unmodified as the concentration of @entity9 is increased and a broad transition, now involving only two components when the thermograms are decomposed, is observed. An analysis of the results shows that various interacting units, e.g. @entity9 + @entity7 and ( @entity9 + @entity10 )+ @entity7 , are present within the membrane. These units involve the phospholipid and hence contribute to its structurisation. The important differences between the thermograms obtained with the @entity10 - as compared to the @entity2 -containing bilayers, in spite of the structural similarity of these two @entity5 , provides strong evidence for the selectivity of interaction of @entity9 with @entity10 as compared to @entity2 . It is thus clear that the action of @entity9 on @entity2 - as compared to @entity10 -containing membranes results from different mechanisms. Finally, UV-visible spectra of @entity9 in pure as well as @entity8 -containing @entity7 vesicles show the presence of absorption bands that give support to the interpretation derived from the calorimetric data.

title: The structuring effects of @entity4 on pure and @entity10 - or @entity2 -containing XXXX bilayers: a differential scanning calorimetry study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity9 ) is the most widely used polyene antibiotic to treat @entity3 which affect an increasing number of immunocompromised @entity0 . It is generally thought that @entity9 forms pores within the fungi membranes by interacting with @entity10 , the main @entity8 of fungi. However, it also interacts with the @entity2 contained in @entity0 cells, hence its @entity1 . In order to have a better understanding of the interactions prevailing between @entity9 and @entity5 , differential scanning calorimetry was used to study various mixtures incorporating from 6.5 to 25 mol% of @entity9 in pure @entity6 ( @entity7 ) vesicles and in @entity10 - or @entity2 -containing @entity7 vesicles. The @entity8 concentration was kept constant at 12.5 mol% with respect to the phospholipid. Our results show that three phases co-exist when @entity9 is dispersed in the pure phospholipid. One corresponds to the phospholipid phase alone. The two others are characterised by a broad transition at temperatures higher than the main transition temperature of the pure phospholipid, corresponding to the drug in interaction with the aliphatic chains of the lipid. The fact that the transition temperatures of these additional components are higher than that of the pure phospholipid suggests that @entity9 interacts strongly with the aliphatic chains of the lipid, consistent with the idea prevailing in the literature that @entity9 by itself may form pores in a lipid matrix. When @entity9 interacts with @entity2 -containing bilayers the thermograms also present three components. Upon increasing the concentration of @entity9 , though, an important broadening of these components is observed which is explained in terms of destabilisation of the organisation of the aliphatic chains. The situation is strikingly different if @entity10 is present in the lipid matrix. The thermograms remain unmodified as the concentration of @entity9 is increased and a broad transition, now involving only two components when the thermograms are decomposed, is observed. An analysis of the results shows that various interacting units, e.g. @entity9 + @entity7 and ( @entity9 + @entity10 )+ @entity7 , are present within the membrane. These units involve the phospholipid and hence contribute to its structurisation. The important differences between the thermograms obtained with the @entity10 - as compared to the @entity2 -containing bilayers, in spite of the structural similarity of these two @entity5 , provides strong evidence for the selectivity of interaction of @entity9 with @entity10 as compared to @entity2 . It is thus clear that the action of @entity9 on @entity2 - as compared to @entity10 -containing membranes results from different mechanisms. Finally, UV-visible spectra of @entity9 in pure as well as @entity8 -containing @entity7 vesicles show the presence of absorption bands that give support to the interpretation derived from the calorimetric data.

title: The structuring effects of @entity4 on pure and @entity10 - or XXXX -containing @entity6 bilayers: a differential scanning calorimetry study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study investigated the efficacy of a combined multivariate/resampling procedure for the analysis of PET activation studies. The covariance-based multivariate analysis was used to investigate distributed brain systems in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 and matched controls during performance of a working memory task. The results were compared to univariate results obtained in an earlier study. We also examined whether the @entity2 @entity0 demonstrated a breakdown in functional connectivity that may be associated with working @entity3 often experienced by these @entity0 . A resampling procedure was used specifically to test the reliability of measured between-group effects, to avoid mistaken inference on the basis of random intersubject differences. Significant and reproducible differences in network connectivity were obtained for the two groups. The functional connectivity pattern of the @entity0 group was characterized by relatively more activation in the bilateral inferior parietal lobes and the left precentral gyrus than the control group, and less activation in the inferior medial frontal lobe, bilateral middle frontal gyri and right inferior temporal gyrus. The resampling procedure provided direct evidence that working memory updating was abnormal in @entity2 @entity0 relative to matched controls. This work focuses on the need to identify extended brain networks (in addition to regionally specific changes) for the full characterization of brain responses in neuroimaging experiments. Our multivariate analysis explicitly measures the reliability of the patterns of functional connectivity we obtain and demonstrates the potential of such analyses for the study of @entity1 in psychopathology.

title: Abnormal functional connectivity in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: An undetectable postoperative serum @entity5 has been regarded as a definition of cure in @entity4 . However, we noted disease recurrence amongst @entity0 with @entity4 despite undetectable postoperative @entity5 levels, and this led us to audit our data. We have also previously assessed surgical outcome for @entity7 and @entity8 for a single surgeon. The aims of this study were two-fold: (i) to investigate the treatment and surgical outcome of @entity0 with @entity4 . In particular, we wished to compare the data with outcome for other @entity1 in our centre; and (ii) to determine whether undetectable @entity5 following surgery is predictive of long-term cure for @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective audit of 97 @entity0 ; mean age 39.1 (range: 14-82) years, 78/97 (80.4%) female, mean follow-up 92 months (range: 6 months to 29 years), with @entity4 seen in our unit between 1969 and 1998. We documented diagnostic investigation, immediate surgical outcome and disease recurrence in these @entity0 . RESULTS: All @entity0 had elevated urinary free @entity5 (mean 1270.6 nmol/l, range: 327-3245 nmol/l). In total, 95.5% of @entity0 did not suppress with low-dose @entity3 suppression testing. Hypokalaemia (K < 3.2 mmol/l) was present in 15.6% of @entity0 ; 17.5% of @entity0 did not show @entity5 suppression with high-dose @entity3 and 15.8% of @entity0 did not show an ACTH rise of > 50% following corticotrophic releasing hormone ( @entity9 ) administration. There was no significant (> 3) gradient in ACTH or @entity5 following @entity9 during inferior petrosal sinus sampling in 27.3% of @entity0 who had the test. A @entity1 was demonstrated on imaging in 55.8% of @entity0 ; 10.3% were macroadenomas. Mortality rate following trans-sphenoidal surgery was 1%. Following surgery, the immediate postoperative remission rate (undetectable postoperative @entity5 ) was 68.5%. However, 11.5% of these @entity0 developed disease recurrence during a mean follow-up period of 36.3 months. Considering microadenomas, @entity4 @entity0 had an immediate postoperative remission rate of 63.2% which is significantly lower (P < 0.05) compared to a remission rate of 91.1% in @entity7 . Additionally, new @entity2 (13.9%) and @entity6 (25.8%) was higher in @entity0 with @entity4 compared to @entity0 with @entity7 or @entity8 . Immediate postoperative remission rates improved from 50% in the first decade of a surgeon's career to consistently above 60% in the second and third decades, demonstrating a trend which may be attributed to surgical experience. CONCLUSIONS: (i) Despite strict criteria for immediate postoperative remission and recurrence, undetectable postoperative @entity5 is not always predictive of long-term remission. (ii) Despite an aggressive surgical approach, immediate postoperative remission rates for @entity4 are lower compared to other microadenomas. The development of new @entity10 following surgery is also commoner than that seen amongst other microadenomas. These data have important implications for the follow-up of @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Undetectable postoperative @entity5 does not always predict long-term remission in XXXX : a single centre audit.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: An undetectable postoperative serum @entity5 has been regarded as a definition of cure in @entity4 . However, we noted disease recurrence amongst @entity0 with @entity4 despite undetectable postoperative @entity5 levels, and this led us to audit our data. We have also previously assessed surgical outcome for @entity7 and @entity8 for a single surgeon. The aims of this study were two-fold: (i) to investigate the treatment and surgical outcome of @entity0 with @entity4 . In particular, we wished to compare the data with outcome for other @entity1 in our centre; and (ii) to determine whether undetectable @entity5 following surgery is predictive of long-term cure for @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective audit of 97 @entity0 ; mean age 39.1 (range: 14-82) years, 78/97 (80.4%) female, mean follow-up 92 months (range: 6 months to 29 years), with @entity4 seen in our unit between 1969 and 1998. We documented diagnostic investigation, immediate surgical outcome and disease recurrence in these @entity0 . RESULTS: All @entity0 had elevated urinary free @entity5 (mean 1270.6 nmol/l, range: 327-3245 nmol/l). In total, 95.5% of @entity0 did not suppress with low-dose @entity3 suppression testing. Hypokalaemia (K < 3.2 mmol/l) was present in 15.6% of @entity0 ; 17.5% of @entity0 did not show @entity5 suppression with high-dose @entity3 and 15.8% of @entity0 did not show an ACTH rise of > 50% following corticotrophic releasing hormone ( @entity9 ) administration. There was no significant (> 3) gradient in ACTH or @entity5 following @entity9 during inferior petrosal sinus sampling in 27.3% of @entity0 who had the test. A @entity1 was demonstrated on imaging in 55.8% of @entity0 ; 10.3% were macroadenomas. Mortality rate following trans-sphenoidal surgery was 1%. Following surgery, the immediate postoperative remission rate (undetectable postoperative @entity5 ) was 68.5%. However, 11.5% of these @entity0 developed disease recurrence during a mean follow-up period of 36.3 months. Considering microadenomas, @entity4 @entity0 had an immediate postoperative remission rate of 63.2% which is significantly lower (P < 0.05) compared to a remission rate of 91.1% in @entity7 . Additionally, new @entity2 (13.9%) and @entity6 (25.8%) was higher in @entity0 with @entity4 compared to @entity0 with @entity7 or @entity8 . Immediate postoperative remission rates improved from 50% in the first decade of a surgeon's career to consistently above 60% in the second and third decades, demonstrating a trend which may be attributed to surgical experience. CONCLUSIONS: (i) Despite strict criteria for immediate postoperative remission and recurrence, undetectable postoperative @entity5 is not always predictive of long-term remission. (ii) Despite an aggressive surgical approach, immediate postoperative remission rates for @entity4 are lower compared to other microadenomas. The development of new @entity10 following surgery is also commoner than that seen amongst other microadenomas. These data have important implications for the follow-up of @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Undetectable postoperative XXXX does not always predict long-term remission in @entity4 : a single centre audit.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Coagulation and @entity2 are both important processes that contribute to @entity1 . The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of recombinant @entity0 soluble @entity7 (RHS-TM) in a lethal model of @entity5 and to investigate the possible mechanisms. METHODS: Thrombotic @entity5 was induced in @entity3 by administration of lipopolysaccharide and rabbit anti-rat glomerular basement membrane antibody. One hour later, RHS-TM or heparin was administered, and the histological findings, renal functions, and coagulation parameters were evaluated. To evaluate the contribution of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) to the results obtained in @entity3 treated with RHS-TM, plasma @entity8 levels were measured. Then, carboxypeptidase inhibitor (CPI), which prevents the function of @entity8 , was administered. RESULTS: Massive @entity1 and @entity4 developed within five hours of disease induction, and all @entity3 died within 24 hours. RHS-TM (3 mg/kg) prevented the progression of the disease and all @entity3 survived. Heparin (250 U/kg/h) showed similar anti- @entity6 effect, but induced @entity4 in the lungs or stomach. RHS-TM attenuated leukocyte/neutrophil infiltration in the glomerulus but heparin did not, suggesting that RHS-TM has anti-inflammatory properties. @entity8 levels in plasma were about threefold higher in @entity3 treated with RHS-TM compared to those in @entity3 treated with heparin. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of RHS-TM on leukocyte/neutrophil infiltration was significantly diminished by injection of CPI. CONCLUSION: RHS-TM effectively attenuates the injuries of @entity5 in @entity3 . The results indicate that RHS-TM, in addition to its anti- @entity6 action, may exert its anti-inflammatory properties by converting proCPR to @entity8 , which then inactivates anaphylatoxins. RHS-TM is a potential novel therapeutic tool for @entity1 .

title: Effects of @entity0 soluble @entity7 on experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Coagulation and @entity2 are both important processes that contribute to @entity1 . The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of recombinant @entity0 soluble @entity7 (RHS-TM) in a lethal model of @entity5 and to investigate the possible mechanisms. METHODS: Thrombotic @entity5 was induced in @entity3 by administration of lipopolysaccharide and rabbit anti-rat glomerular basement membrane antibody. One hour later, RHS-TM or heparin was administered, and the histological findings, renal functions, and coagulation parameters were evaluated. To evaluate the contribution of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) to the results obtained in @entity3 treated with RHS-TM, plasma @entity8 levels were measured. Then, carboxypeptidase inhibitor (CPI), which prevents the function of @entity8 , was administered. RESULTS: Massive @entity1 and @entity4 developed within five hours of disease induction, and all @entity3 died within 24 hours. RHS-TM (3 mg/kg) prevented the progression of the disease and all @entity3 survived. Heparin (250 U/kg/h) showed similar anti- @entity6 effect, but induced @entity4 in the lungs or stomach. RHS-TM attenuated leukocyte/neutrophil infiltration in the glomerulus but heparin did not, suggesting that RHS-TM has anti-inflammatory properties. @entity8 levels in plasma were about threefold higher in @entity3 treated with RHS-TM compared to those in @entity3 treated with heparin. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of RHS-TM on leukocyte/neutrophil infiltration was significantly diminished by injection of CPI. CONCLUSION: RHS-TM effectively attenuates the injuries of @entity5 in @entity3 . The results indicate that RHS-TM, in addition to its anti- @entity6 action, may exert its anti-inflammatory properties by converting proCPR to @entity8 , which then inactivates anaphylatoxins. RHS-TM is a potential novel therapeutic tool for @entity1 .

title: Effects of @entity0 soluble XXXX on experimental @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Coagulation and @entity2 are both important processes that contribute to @entity1 . The present study was performed to evaluate the effects of recombinant @entity0 soluble @entity7 (RHS-TM) in a lethal model of @entity5 and to investigate the possible mechanisms. METHODS: Thrombotic @entity5 was induced in @entity3 by administration of lipopolysaccharide and rabbit anti-rat glomerular basement membrane antibody. One hour later, RHS-TM or heparin was administered, and the histological findings, renal functions, and coagulation parameters were evaluated. To evaluate the contribution of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) to the results obtained in @entity3 treated with RHS-TM, plasma @entity8 levels were measured. Then, carboxypeptidase inhibitor (CPI), which prevents the function of @entity8 , was administered. RESULTS: Massive @entity1 and @entity4 developed within five hours of disease induction, and all @entity3 died within 24 hours. RHS-TM (3 mg/kg) prevented the progression of the disease and all @entity3 survived. Heparin (250 U/kg/h) showed similar anti- @entity6 effect, but induced @entity4 in the lungs or stomach. RHS-TM attenuated leukocyte/neutrophil infiltration in the glomerulus but heparin did not, suggesting that RHS-TM has anti-inflammatory properties. @entity8 levels in plasma were about threefold higher in @entity3 treated with RHS-TM compared to those in @entity3 treated with heparin. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of RHS-TM on leukocyte/neutrophil infiltration was significantly diminished by injection of CPI. CONCLUSION: RHS-TM effectively attenuates the injuries of @entity5 in @entity3 . The results indicate that RHS-TM, in addition to its anti- @entity6 action, may exert its anti-inflammatory properties by converting proCPR to @entity8 , which then inactivates anaphylatoxins. RHS-TM is a potential novel therapeutic tool for @entity1 .

title: Effects of XXXX soluble @entity7 on experimental @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The complex role of @entity1 in the regulation of glomerular ultrafiltration. @entity1 is an important neurohumoral modulator of glomerular ultrafiltration and renal hemodynamics. Multiple @entity1 synthase (NOS) isoforms are present within the kidney. However, it is difficult to discern which NOS is most active from prior studies using non-selective NOS blockers. It is recently apparent that NOS activity is important to the activity of tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) systems, systems that relate tubular reabsorption to the regulation of glomerular ultrafiltration. Neuronal (nNOS) or brain NOS ( @entity3 ; NOS I) is present within the macula densa, the sensing element of TGF systems. Inhibition of NOS activity and specifically @entity3 enhances TGF activity. The TGF system also adapts temporally and these events appear to be dependent upon up-regulation of activity of @entity3 within the kidney. Temporal adaptation occurs within one to three hours whereby activation of TGF is followed by a gradual return of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow toward normal levels. After 24 hours of @entity4 treatment and withdrawal of this agent, glomerular filtration actually increases to supranormal levels and this is prevented by inhibition of @entity3 activity. Factors regulating @entity3 activity have not been fully clarified. We have recently observed @entity2 ( @entity0 ) receptors within the kidney that, when inhibited, result in major reductions in renal blood flow and GFR, suggesting an important role for the @entity0 receptor in regulation of renal hemodynamics. Future studies will determine whether @entity0 receptor is also an important regulator of @entity3 activity and the TGF system.

title: The complex role of XXXX in the regulation of glomerular ultrafiltration.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In the cyanobacterium @entity0 , genes for @entity3 , @entity1 , and @entity4 resistance are grouped in a 12 kb gene cluster. The nrsBACD operon is composed of four genes, which encode proteins involved in @entity3 resistance. Upstream from nrsBACD, and in opposite orientation, a transcription unit formed by the two genes rppA and rppB has been reported previously to encode a two-component signal transduction system involved in redox sensing. In this report, we demonstrate that rppA and rppB (here redesigned nrsR and nrsS respectively) control the @entity3 -dependent induction of the nrsBACD operon and are involved in @entity3 sensing. Thus, expression of the nrsBACD operon was not induced by @entity3 in a nrsRS mutant strain. Furthermore, nrsRS mutant cells showed reduced tolerance to @entity3 . Whereas the nrsBACD operon is transcribed from two different promoters, one constitutive and the other dependent on the presence of @entity3 in the medium, the nrsRS operon is transcribed from a single @entity3 -inducible promoter. The nrsRS promoter is silent in a nrsRS mutant background suggesting that the system is autoregulated. Purified full length NrsR protein is unable to bind to the nrsBACD-nrsRS intergenic region; however, an @entity2 -terminal truncated protein that contains the DNA binding domain of NrsR binds specifically to this region. Our nrsRS mutant, which carries a deletion of most of the nrsR gene and part of the nrsS gene, does not show redox imbalance or photosynthetic gene mis-expression, contrasting with the previously reported nrsR mutant.

title: A two-component signal transduction system involved in nickel sensing in the cyanobacterium XXXX .

answer: @entity0