abstract: The relative contributions of @entity5 -preferring receptors (IPR) and alpha 2-adrenoceptors to @entity2 and bradycardic effects of intracisternal (i.c.) @entity9 were investigated in conscious @entity0 . We compared the antagonist potencies of two alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists, @entity10 (0.001-10 micrograms/kg i.c.), which has very low affinity for IPR, and @entity7 (0.003-30 micrograms/kg i.c.), which has high affinity for blocking IPR. We also compared the i.c. effects of the antagonists on responses to @entity8 (alpha- @entity4 ), a drug with centrally acting alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist metabolites that have no affinity for IPR. @entity9 (22 micrograms/kg i.c.) and alpha- @entity4 (400 micrograms/kg i.c.) produced similar decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (delta MAP = -23 +/- 2 and -24 +/- 2%, respectively) and in heart rate (HR) (delta HR = -11 +/- 1 and -9 +/- 2%, respectively, n = 30). The @entity2 and @entity6 produced by alpha- @entity4 and @entity9 were completely reversed by @entity10 , but @entity10 was 16 and 9 times more potent at restoring MAP and HR, respectively, after alpha- @entity4 than after @entity9 . In contrast, @entity7 was more potent in reversing the @entity2 elicited by i.c. injections of @entity9 than that elicited by alpha- @entity4 . @entity7 , however, had no effect on @entity9 -induced @entity6 , but did dose-dependently reverse the decrease in HR produced by alpha- @entity4 . In separate experiments, we observed that the doses of each antagonist drug in themselves did not modify MAP nor HR significantly, but a 10-fold higher dose of @entity7 (300 micrograms/kg) caused immediate although brief @entity1 and @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX -induced @entity2 in conscious @entity0 involves @entity5 -preferring receptors.

answer: @entity9


abstract: The relative contributions of @entity5 -preferring receptors (IPR) and alpha 2-adrenoceptors to @entity2 and bradycardic effects of intracisternal (i.c.) @entity9 were investigated in conscious @entity0 . We compared the antagonist potencies of two alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists, @entity10 (0.001-10 micrograms/kg i.c.), which has very low affinity for IPR, and @entity7 (0.003-30 micrograms/kg i.c.), which has high affinity for blocking IPR. We also compared the i.c. effects of the antagonists on responses to @entity8 (alpha- @entity4 ), a drug with centrally acting alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist metabolites that have no affinity for IPR. @entity9 (22 micrograms/kg i.c.) and alpha- @entity4 (400 micrograms/kg i.c.) produced similar decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (delta MAP = -23 +/- 2 and -24 +/- 2%, respectively) and in heart rate (HR) (delta HR = -11 +/- 1 and -9 +/- 2%, respectively, n = 30). The @entity2 and @entity6 produced by alpha- @entity4 and @entity9 were completely reversed by @entity10 , but @entity10 was 16 and 9 times more potent at restoring MAP and HR, respectively, after alpha- @entity4 than after @entity9 . In contrast, @entity7 was more potent in reversing the @entity2 elicited by i.c. injections of @entity9 than that elicited by alpha- @entity4 . @entity7 , however, had no effect on @entity9 -induced @entity6 , but did dose-dependently reverse the decrease in HR produced by alpha- @entity4 . In separate experiments, we observed that the doses of each antagonist drug in themselves did not modify MAP nor HR significantly, but a 10-fold higher dose of @entity7 (300 micrograms/kg) caused immediate although brief @entity1 and @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity9 -induced XXXX in conscious @entity0 involves @entity5 -preferring receptors.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The relative contributions of @entity5 -preferring receptors (IPR) and alpha 2-adrenoceptors to @entity2 and bradycardic effects of intracisternal (i.c.) @entity9 were investigated in conscious @entity0 . We compared the antagonist potencies of two alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists, @entity10 (0.001-10 micrograms/kg i.c.), which has very low affinity for IPR, and @entity7 (0.003-30 micrograms/kg i.c.), which has high affinity for blocking IPR. We also compared the i.c. effects of the antagonists on responses to @entity8 (alpha- @entity4 ), a drug with centrally acting alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist metabolites that have no affinity for IPR. @entity9 (22 micrograms/kg i.c.) and alpha- @entity4 (400 micrograms/kg i.c.) produced similar decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (delta MAP = -23 +/- 2 and -24 +/- 2%, respectively) and in heart rate (HR) (delta HR = -11 +/- 1 and -9 +/- 2%, respectively, n = 30). The @entity2 and @entity6 produced by alpha- @entity4 and @entity9 were completely reversed by @entity10 , but @entity10 was 16 and 9 times more potent at restoring MAP and HR, respectively, after alpha- @entity4 than after @entity9 . In contrast, @entity7 was more potent in reversing the @entity2 elicited by i.c. injections of @entity9 than that elicited by alpha- @entity4 . @entity7 , however, had no effect on @entity9 -induced @entity6 , but did dose-dependently reverse the decrease in HR produced by alpha- @entity4 . In separate experiments, we observed that the doses of each antagonist drug in themselves did not modify MAP nor HR significantly, but a 10-fold higher dose of @entity7 (300 micrograms/kg) caused immediate although brief @entity1 and @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity9 -induced @entity2 in conscious XXXX involves @entity5 -preferring receptors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The relative contributions of @entity5 -preferring receptors (IPR) and alpha 2-adrenoceptors to @entity2 and bradycardic effects of intracisternal (i.c.) @entity9 were investigated in conscious @entity0 . We compared the antagonist potencies of two alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonists, @entity10 (0.001-10 micrograms/kg i.c.), which has very low affinity for IPR, and @entity7 (0.003-30 micrograms/kg i.c.), which has high affinity for blocking IPR. We also compared the i.c. effects of the antagonists on responses to @entity8 (alpha- @entity4 ), a drug with centrally acting alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist metabolites that have no affinity for IPR. @entity9 (22 micrograms/kg i.c.) and alpha- @entity4 (400 micrograms/kg i.c.) produced similar decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (delta MAP = -23 +/- 2 and -24 +/- 2%, respectively) and in heart rate (HR) (delta HR = -11 +/- 1 and -9 +/- 2%, respectively, n = 30). The @entity2 and @entity6 produced by alpha- @entity4 and @entity9 were completely reversed by @entity10 , but @entity10 was 16 and 9 times more potent at restoring MAP and HR, respectively, after alpha- @entity4 than after @entity9 . In contrast, @entity7 was more potent in reversing the @entity2 elicited by i.c. injections of @entity9 than that elicited by alpha- @entity4 . @entity7 , however, had no effect on @entity9 -induced @entity6 , but did dose-dependently reverse the decrease in HR produced by alpha- @entity4 . In separate experiments, we observed that the doses of each antagonist drug in themselves did not modify MAP nor HR significantly, but a 10-fold higher dose of @entity7 (300 micrograms/kg) caused immediate although brief @entity1 and @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity9 -induced @entity2 in conscious @entity0 involves XXXX -preferring receptors.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity1 is a highly heritable illness that onsets in adolescence and young adulthood. We examined gene expression (mRNA) and protein levels of candidate immune and @entity5 in well-characterized offspring of @entity1 in order to identify reliable indicators of illness risk status and the early clinical stages of illness development. We measured mRNA expression and protein levels in candidate immune ( @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity7 ( @entity6 ( @entity6 )) markers from plasma. High-risk offspring were identified from families in which one parent had confirmed @entity1 . Control offspring were identified from families in which neither parent met lifetime criteria for a major @entity0 . All parental Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity0 , Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) diagnoses were based on Schedule for Affective Disorders - Lifetime Version (SADS-L) interviews and blind consensus review. As part of an ongoing study, all offspring were prospectively assessed using KSADS-PL format interviews and diagnoses confirmed on blind consensus review. High-risk offspring had significantly increased @entity3 (p   =   0.050) and @entity6 (p   =   0.006) protein levels compared to controls. Those high-risk offspring in earlier compared to later clinical stages of illness development had higher @entity3 (p   =   0.050) and @entity6 (p   =   0.045) protein levels. After adjustments, only differences in @entity6 protein levels remained significant. There was a moderating effect of the @entity6 genotype on both gene expression and protein levels in high-risk compared to control offspring. The @entity6 genotype also moderated the association between clinical stage and gene expression levels in high-risk offspring. These findings provide support for detectable differences in candidate immune and @entity5 in individuals at high risk of developing @entity1 and for detectable changes over the clinical stages of illness development. These associations appear to be moderated by genetic variants.

title: Immunological and @entity5 of risk status and illness development in high-risk youth: understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 is a highly heritable illness that onsets in adolescence and young adulthood. We examined gene expression (mRNA) and protein levels of candidate immune and @entity5 in well-characterized offspring of @entity1 in order to identify reliable indicators of illness risk status and the early clinical stages of illness development. We measured mRNA expression and protein levels in candidate immune ( @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity7 ( @entity6 ( @entity6 )) markers from plasma. High-risk offspring were identified from families in which one parent had confirmed @entity1 . Control offspring were identified from families in which neither parent met lifetime criteria for a major @entity0 . All parental Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity0 , Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) diagnoses were based on Schedule for Affective Disorders - Lifetime Version (SADS-L) interviews and blind consensus review. As part of an ongoing study, all offspring were prospectively assessed using KSADS-PL format interviews and diagnoses confirmed on blind consensus review. High-risk offspring had significantly increased @entity3 (p   =   0.050) and @entity6 (p   =   0.006) protein levels compared to controls. Those high-risk offspring in earlier compared to later clinical stages of illness development had higher @entity3 (p   =   0.050) and @entity6 (p   =   0.045) protein levels. After adjustments, only differences in @entity6 protein levels remained significant. There was a moderating effect of the @entity6 genotype on both gene expression and protein levels in high-risk compared to control offspring. The @entity6 genotype also moderated the association between clinical stage and gene expression levels in high-risk offspring. These findings provide support for detectable differences in candidate immune and @entity5 in individuals at high risk of developing @entity1 and for detectable changes over the clinical stages of illness development. These associations appear to be moderated by genetic variants.

title: Immunological and XXXX of risk status and illness development in high-risk youth: understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: A monoclonal antibody, Jel 466, was prepared from @entity1 immunized with @entity4 . The binding of Jel 466 to nucleic acids was characterized by solid phase radioimmunoassays and competition experiments. There was no binding to single-stranded DNAs or to duplexes which could not form triplexes. In addition, the antibody preferred the triplex form of @entity5 ; it bound weakly to the triplex derived from @entity6 , but there was no interaction with poly[d(T)].poly[d(A)].poly[d(T)]. This pattern of specificity is very different from that of Jel 318, a triplex-specific antibody that will bind to poly[d(T)].poly[d(A)].poly[d(T)]. The @entity2 sequence of Jel 466 also showed very little homology with Jel 318, although both contain many positively charged @entity3 . The immunofluorescent staining of @entity1 and @entity0 chromosomes with Jel 466 was studied. In all cases, there was a marked reciprocal relationship between the pattern of Jel 466 on the one hand and that of Hoechst 33258 and Jel 318 on the other. Jel 466 was negative for C-band and G-band but positive for R-band, whereas the opposite was found for Hoechst and Jel 318. Since C and G-bands are AT-rich and R-bands are GC-rich, these staining patterns match the sequence preferences of the two antibodies. Thus the base composition of triplex-forming DNA differs from domain to domain.

title: Characterization of a new monoclonal antibody to triplex DNA and immunofluorescent staining of XXXX chromosomes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Detection of @entity2 in @entity1 with @entity0 may aid the establishment of prognosis and development of new therapeutic approaches. To improve on existing methods of detection, we have developed a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) transcripts to identify mammary @entity2 cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of @entity1 with @entity0 . @entity1 AND METHODS: Peripheral-blood or bone marrow samples obtained from 34 @entity1 with stages I to IV @entity0 and 39 control subjects without @entity0 were screened for @entity5 mRNA by nested primer PCR. RESULTS: In reconstitution experiments, @entity5 RT-PCR reliably detected 10 mammary @entity2 cells in 1 million normal peripheral-blood mononuclear (PBMN) cells. Four of 19 @entity1 with @entity0 had detectable @entity5 transcript in peripheral blood. Five of six @entity1 with histologically negative bone marrow biopsies following preablative chemotherapy and before autologous bone marrow transplant (BMT) were positive by this assay. Stem-cell apheresis harvests obtained from one of these @entity1 and three additional @entity1 immediately before BMT were all @entity5 -negative. @entity5 RT-PCR analysis of CSF from a @entity0 @entity1 with known @entity4 was also positive. Thirty-eight of 39 non- @entity0 @entity1 had negative @entity5 RT-PCR assays. The one exception was a @entity1 with @entity3 . CONCLUSION: RT-PCR of @entity5 is a sensitive, specific, and rapid method for detection of occult mammary @entity2 cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of @entity1 with @entity0 . The presence of residual @entity0 cells in histologically normal bone marrow aspirates but not in stem-cell apheresis harvests is a frequent finding. This assay may be useful in diagnosing metastatic disease, as well as in monitoring the effectiveness of systemic therapy.

title: Sensitive detection of occult XXXX by the reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. Activation of @entity5 ( @entity0 ) receptors in caudal nucleus tractus solitarii (cNTS) neurons elicited endogenous rhythmic activities. We used an in vitro brain stem slice preparation to determine the ionic mechanisms underlying the generation of these activities. 2. Using intracellular recordings, we found several ionic conductances to be responsible for the electrophysiological properties of cNTS neurons. After addition of @entity4 ( @entity8 ) to the perfusate, cNTS neurons were still able to generate action potentials (APs). Because these APs were suppressed by the addition of @entity7 or by the reduction of @entity1 , they were likely due to @entity1 currents (ICa). In addition, the amplitude of the afterhyperpolarization (AHP) that followed a train of @entity8 -resistant APs was reduced in both low- @entity1 and @entity7 -containing saline. It was therefore suggested that @entity1 -activated @entity2 (IKCa) currents were involved in the AHP. Accordingly, application of apamin, a blocker of slow IKCa, also decreased the AHP. cNTS neurons exhibited a delayed excitation phenomenon, characterized by a ramplike depolarization that delayed the onset of neuronal firing, when they were depolarized from hyperpolarizing potential. The underlying current was presumed to be an A-current (IKA), because this phenomenon was suppressed during application of @entity3 (4-AP). 3. Application of @entity0 elicited different types of discharge patterns in cNTS neurons: a repetitive firing at depolarized levels of membrane potential (above -60 mV) and rhythmic patterns characterized by either rhythmic bursting or rhythmic single discharges at hyperpolarized levels (within membrane potential range of -60 to -85 mV). In all neurons, rhythmic patterns were superimposed on oscillations of membrane potential. They were characterized by a sudden shift of membrane potential, followed by a ramp-shaped phase of depolarization that preceded spike elicitation. Addition of @entity8 to the saline did not suppress @entity0 -induced oscillations. Therefore rhythmic patterns were not driven by synaptic mechanisms but resulted from endogenous properties of cNTS neurons. 4. APs superimposed on @entity0 -induced depolarizations presented the same characteristics as those elicited by positive current pulses. @entity0 -elicited oscillations of membrane potential were eliminated by removing @entity6 from the saline. Therefore oscillation generation was based primarily on the @entity0 channel properties. 5. Intrinsic conductances of cNTS neurons interacted with @entity0 -gated conductances to shape the depolarization waveform. Because removal of @entity1 from the saline suppressed endogenous oscillations, ICa currents were required for the expression of rhythmic activities. IKCa currents were involved in the repolarization phase of oscillations because apamin increased the duration of the oscillations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Ionic basis for endogenous rhythmic patterns induced by activation of XXXX receptors in neurons of the rat nucleus tractus solitarii.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Notch is a single-pass transmembrane receptor protein expressed by T cells, which contributes to the pathogenesis of @entity4 through regulation of the development and differentiation of T cells. y-Secretase inhibitor (GSI) acts as an effective blocker of Notch signalling. The present study aimed to investigate the role of GSI @entity8 in T cell differentiation and antigen-induced @entity1 . An OVA-induced @entity1 @entity0 model was established. Blockade of Notch signalling was achieved using @entity8 . The expression of @entity2 , @entity3 , IFN-y, @entity6 signalling and pro-inflammatory transcription factors in activated lung T cells was evaluated. Finally, the therapeutic effect of @entity8 was investigated by @entity7 and @entity5 staining, real-time PCR and ELISA. The expression of @entity2 and @entity3 decreased and that of IFN-y increased significantly, and the protein expression levels of pro-inflammatory transcription factors reduced in active lung T cells after administration of @entity8 , compared to the control group. @entity8 treatment prevented OVA-induced @entity1 and histological changes. The serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) levels of @entity2 and @entity3 in @entity8 -treated @entity0 decreased significantly, whereas those of IFN-y increased, relative to the levels in OVA-challenged animals treated with PBS. Our findings indicate that Notch signalling plays an important role in the pathogenesis of @entity4 and that @entity8 may be a potential therapeutic target for allergen-induced @entity1 .

title: Blockade of Notch Signalling by y-Secretase Inhibitor in Lung T Cells of Asthmatic XXXX Affects T Cell Differentiation and Pulmonary Inflammation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Subacute @entity3 (SGT) is an inflammatory disease that presents with different clinical and cytological characteristics. Although the diagnosis is generally made clinically, imaging methods and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) may provide assistance, particularly in atypical cases. The objective of this study is to reveal the ultrasonographic (USG) and cytological characteristics of SGT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical, USG and cytological findings of 21 cases diagnosed with SGT were reviewed. RESULTS: Ultrasonographic data was available in 20 cases. A @entity4 with irregular margins was detected in 12 of the 20 total cases. Of these, 9 cases complained about @entity0 in the thyroid lodge and generally had unilateral lesions, heterogeneous and hypoechoic areas with indistinct margins, rather than nodular lesions, which were seen in 7 cases. Cytologically, the multinuclear giant cells (MNGCs) found in all cases were accompanied by a dirty background containing varying numbers of @entity1 , including isolated epithelioid histiocytes, proliferated/regenerated follicle epithelium cells and inflammatory cells and colloid. CONCLUSION: Though hypoechoic and heterogeneous areas with irregular margins are strongly associated with @entity2 , SGT may also appear as @entity0 or painless hypoechoic, solid nodules and generate challenges in differential diagnosis. Although the most remarkable characteristic observed in FNA cytology was the presence of multiple MNGCs with cytoplasm, a dirty background accompanied by mild-moderate cellularity, degenerated-proliferated follicular epithelium cells, rare epithelioid @entity1 and mixed type inflammatory cells are characteristic for SGT. The assessment of these radiological and cytological findings in conjunction with clinical findings will assist in the achievement of an accurate diagnosis.

title: Subacute granulomatous (De Quervain's) XXXX : Fine-needle aspiration cytology and ultrasonographic characteristics of 21 cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of anterior cruciate @entity2 in female athletes exceeds that in male athletes at similar competitive levels. This difference has been attributed by some authors to hormone-mediated alteration in knee laxity in @entity0 . HYPOTHESIS: @entity6 anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligament strength and stiffness are not altered by administration for 6 months of @entity3 or a selective @entity3 receptor agonist ( @entity5 ). STUDY DESIGN: Controlled laboratory study. METHODS: Thirty-eight mature ewes were divided into five groups: sham operation (N = 6), ovariectomy (N = 9), ovariectomy and @entity1 implant (N = 7), low-dose @entity5 (N = 9), and high-dose @entity5 (N = 7). After 6 months, the animals were sacrificed and ligaments were tested along with those from five rams' knees. RESULTS: No differences were found between treatment groups for maximum force, stiffness, @entity4 , or failure site. The ultimate stress of the rams' anterior cruciate ligaments was significantly higher than that of the ewes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 and @entity3 receptor agonists at physiologic levels do not lead to decreased knee ligament strength. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The female hormonal milieu may not be responsible for the increased incidence of @entity2 in female athletes compared with their male counterparts.

title: Lack of hormonal influences on mechanical properties of XXXX knee ligaments.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The proportion of @entity0 with stage 1 @entity3 receiving partial nephrectomy is considered a quality of care indicator. The objective of this study was to characterize surgical practice patterns at Canadian academic institutions for the treatment of these @entity1 . METHODS: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a multicentre collaboration of 13 academic institutions in Canada. All @entity0 with pathologic stage T1 @entity3 in @entity3 were identified. Descriptive statistics were performed to characterize practice patterns over time. Associations between @entity0 , @entity1 , and treatment factors with the use of partial nephrectomy were determined. RESULTS: From 1988 to April 2014, 1453 @entity0 with pathologic stage 1 @entity3 were entered in the @entity3 database. Of these, 977 (67%) @entity0 had pT1a @entity1 ; of these, 765 (78%) received partial nephrectomy. Of the total number of @entity0 (1453), 476 (33%) had pT1b @entity1 ; of these, 204 (43%) received partial nephrectomy. The use of partial nephrectomy increased over time from 60% to 90% for pT1a @entity1 and 20% to 60% for pT1b @entity1 . Stage pT1b (relative risk [RR] 0.56, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50-0.63) and minimally invasive surgical approach (RR 0.78, 95% CI 0.73-0.84 for pT1a and RR 0.23, 95% CI 0.17-0.30 for pT1b) were associated with decreased use of partial nephrectomy. Most @entity0 factors including age, gender, body mass index, @entity2 , and renal function were not significantly associated with use of partial nephrectomy (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Almost all pT1a and most pT1b @entity3 managed surgically at academic centres in Canada receive partial nephrectomy. The use of partial versus radical nephrectomy appears to occur independently of @entity0 age and comorbid status, which may indicate that urologists are performing partial nephrectomy whenever technically feasible based on @entity1 factors. Although the ideal proportion @entity0 receiving partial nephrectomy cannot be determined, treatment distribution observed in this cohort may indicate an achievable case distribution among experienced surgeons.

title: Surgical management of stage T1 XXXX at Canadian academic centres.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of use of alternative @entity1 therapies, as well as the characteristics of the @entity0 who use these therapies, and their experiences with them. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: Outpatient departments of several hospitals in North-Holland. METHOD: In total, 1091 @entity0 were asked to participate in the study; 949 @entity0 agreed (87%): 535 @entity0 (56%) and 414 @entity0 , with an average age of 62 years. The sample was stratified by diagnosis: 233 breast, 183 lung, 278 stomach/ @entity3 and 255 @entity0 with various other @entity1 diagnoses. A structured face-to-face interview and several written questionnaires were used. RESULTS: 2XOf the 949 @entity0 , 9.4% were currently using an alternative therapy in addition to conventional treatment, and 5.8% had used an alternative treatment in the past but had subsequently stopped. @entity0 using alternative therapies were relatively younger and more highly educated than @entity0 who chose not to use these therapies. Use of alternative therapies was more frequent among @entity0 undergoing palliative treatment and @entity0 who were actively dealing with the problems surrounding their disease. Only a minority of the @entity0 believed they could be cured by the alternative therapy; the majority hoped it would help to slow the progression of their disease or strengthen their resistance. CONCLUSION: The motivation for seeking alternative treatment more often appears to be fear and uncertainty rather than belief in the efficacy of the treatment. For many @entity0 the use of alternative therapies represents a means of dealing with the @entity2 and stress surrounding their disease.

title: [Alternative treatments in XXXX ; extent and background of utilization].

answer: @entity1


abstract: An experimental @entity3 induced by injection of @entity6 and carrageenan into the knee joint resulted in a temporal relationship between @entity5 dorsal horn content and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) which was positively correlated. Limping, guarding, increased response to heat stimuli ( @entity4 ) and altered staining patterns for @entity5 ( @entity2 ), substance @entity8 ), and calcitonin gene-related peptide ( @entity7 ) were monitored in the awake behaving arthritic @entity1 over a 1 week time course. A decrease in PWL occurred on the side ipsilateral to the inflamed knee as early as 4 h after the induction of @entity3 indicating the animals are @entity4 . The PWL remained decreased through the first 24 h. Computer-assisted quantification of the density of immunohistochemical staining indicated the content of @entity2 , SP and @entity7 was altered differentially throughout the time course of the @entity3 . The changes observed for all three substances occurred across the entire superficial dorsal horn. There was an initial depletion of SP followed by an increase in both SP and @entity7 content which was maintained through 1 week. The @entity2 content was increased during the @entity4 period. The @entity2 changes followed the same time course and were positively correlated with the changes in PWL. In a small group of animals injected with @entity6 and carrageenan, @entity4 did not develop. In this group of animals, no change in dorsal horn @entity2 or SP content occurred. Rather, there was an increase in @entity7 content in the middle portion of the superficial dorsal horn which is the termination site of knee joint afferents. These data indicate that the development of @entity4 is dependent on @entity2 and possibly SP. Since @entity0 of the knee joint does not involve the foot pad, the @entity4 observed during the first 24 h following induction of @entity3 represents a central neuronal sensitization.

title: Behavioral and immunohistochemical changes in an experimental XXXX model in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: An experimental @entity3 induced by injection of @entity6 and carrageenan into the knee joint resulted in a temporal relationship between @entity5 dorsal horn content and paw withdrawal latency (PWL) which was positively correlated. Limping, guarding, increased response to heat stimuli ( @entity4 ) and altered staining patterns for @entity5 ( @entity2 ), substance @entity8 ), and calcitonin gene-related peptide ( @entity7 ) were monitored in the awake behaving arthritic @entity1 over a 1 week time course. A decrease in PWL occurred on the side ipsilateral to the inflamed knee as early as 4 h after the induction of @entity3 indicating the animals are @entity4 . The PWL remained decreased through the first 24 h. Computer-assisted quantification of the density of immunohistochemical staining indicated the content of @entity2 , SP and @entity7 was altered differentially throughout the time course of the @entity3 . The changes observed for all three substances occurred across the entire superficial dorsal horn. There was an initial depletion of SP followed by an increase in both SP and @entity7 content which was maintained through 1 week. The @entity2 content was increased during the @entity4 period. The @entity2 changes followed the same time course and were positively correlated with the changes in PWL. In a small group of animals injected with @entity6 and carrageenan, @entity4 did not develop. In this group of animals, no change in dorsal horn @entity2 or SP content occurred. Rather, there was an increase in @entity7 content in the middle portion of the superficial dorsal horn which is the termination site of knee joint afferents. These data indicate that the development of @entity4 is dependent on @entity2 and possibly SP. Since @entity0 of the knee joint does not involve the foot pad, the @entity4 observed during the first 24 h following induction of @entity3 represents a central neuronal sensitization.

title: Behavioral and immunohistochemical changes in an experimental @entity3 model in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chiropractors are frequent providers of care for @entity0 with @entity2 . Biopsychosocial approaches to managing @entity0 are regarded as best practice and are gaining wider acceptance. Recent evidence suggests that practitioners' attitudes and beliefs may also have an important effect on @entity0 ' recovery from back @entity1 . Past studies have pooled manual therapists from differing professions. Dissonant findings have been hypothesised as being a result of the chiropractic subpopulation within multi-practitioner @entity0 pools who are hypothesised to focus on biomedical aspects of  treatment and minimize biopsychosocial dimensions. The aim of this study is to determine whether a study population of only chiropractors would demonstrate similar attitudes and beliefs to other manual therapists' biopsychosocial or biomedical approach to the management of their @entity0 . METHODS: A survey of chiropractors in Victoria Australia in September 2010 was undertaken utilising the Pain Attitude and Belief Scale (PABS.PT), a tool which has been developed to determine the orientation (biopsychosocial or biomedical approach) of practitioners to the management of @entity0 with @entity3 . The survey also obtained demographic data from respondents to determine whether variables such as education, gender or practice related factors influenced their orientation. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 29% (n   =   218). The majority of the sample was male (68%), with a mean age of 44 years. The 6 point Likert scale scores were 34.5 (6.3) for the biomedical factor scale and 31.4 (4.1) for the biopsychosocial scale. Internal consistency of the psychosocial subscale was poor. None of the demographic variables were found to influence the biomedical or psychosocial scales. CONCLUSIONS: Chiropractors in the state of Victoria were found to have similar biomedical and psychosocial orientations in their attitudes and beliefs when compared to other manual therapists' levels of previous studies from differing cultural and educational backgrounds. This study was unable to replicate any of the relationships from past studies with any of the demographic variables. The psychosocial scale internal consistency may be a significant factor in this non-finding. Future research should address the identification of more robust items of the biopsychosocial attitudes of Victorian chiropractors toward treating @entity2 .

title: Attitudes and beliefs of Australian chiropractors' about managing back XXXX : a cross-sectional study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: PPAR gamma was a key nuclear receptor, playing an important role in the immune defense and the anti-inflammatory mechanism. In this study, the full-length PPAR gamma (EcPPAR gamma) was obtained, containing a 5'UTR of 133  bp, an ORF of 1602  bp and a 3'UTR of 26  bp besides the poly (A) tail. The EcPPAR gamma gene encoded a protein of 533 @entity2 with an estimated molecular mass of 60.02  KDa and a predicted isoelectric point (pI) of 6.26. The deduced @entity1 sequence showed that EcPPAR gamma consisted of the conserved residues and the domains known to be critical for the PPAR gamma function. The quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that EcPPAR gamma transcript was expressed in all the examined tissue, while the strong expression was observed in intestine, followed by the expression in liver, gill, spleen heart, kidney and muscle. Vibrio challenge could stimulate the inflammatory response in grouper and induce a sharp increase of pro-inflammatory cytokines expression, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, while the up-regulation of vibrio-induced @entity0 could also increase the non-specific immune defense. The groupers challenged with @entity4 showed a sharp increase of EcPPAR gamma transcript in immune tissues. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that EcPPAR gamma was distributed in the nucleus. Furthermore, overexpression of EcPPAR gamma could down-regulated the expression of IL1b, IL6, TNF1 and TNF2. In addition, the administration of PPAR gamma antagonist, @entity3 , could up-regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, including IL1b, IL6, TNF1 and TNF2. Together, these results indicated that EcPPAR gamma serving as a negative regulator of pro-inflammatory cytokines may play an important role in the immune defense against vibrio-induced @entity0 in grouper.

title: Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of PPAR gamma in the orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) after the XXXX challenge.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to document the prevalence of, and recovery from, injuries of the femoral nerve associated with displaced @entity2 . METHODS: From 1986 to 2001, 726 @entity2 were treated with open reduction and internal fixation. Four @entity0 who had an @entity3 associated with a displaced @entity2 were identified and were followed for a mean of 3.4 years. The @entity1 was iatrogenic in two @entity0 and traumatic in two @entity0 . RESULTS: Clinically detectable quadriceps femoris motor function returned at an average of eighteen weeks (range, four to fifty-two weeks). All @entity0 had satisfactory recovery of nerve function with a return of grade-4 or 5 motor power (the level of motor power needed to allow a normal gait) by an average of ten months (range, three to twenty-four months). Sensory recovery was incomplete but not debilitating. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative examination of a @entity0 who has an @entity2 should include an assessment of femoral nerve function. Regardless of whether the injury is traumatic or iatrogenic in origin, recovery of motor and sensory function without surgical exploration can be expected. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, Level II-1 (retrospective study). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: XXXX associated with @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to document the prevalence of, and recovery from, injuries of the femoral nerve associated with displaced @entity2 . METHODS: From 1986 to 2001, 726 @entity2 were treated with open reduction and internal fixation. Four @entity0 who had an @entity3 associated with a displaced @entity2 were identified and were followed for a mean of 3.4 years. The @entity1 was iatrogenic in two @entity0 and traumatic in two @entity0 . RESULTS: Clinically detectable quadriceps femoris motor function returned at an average of eighteen weeks (range, four to fifty-two weeks). All @entity0 had satisfactory recovery of nerve function with a return of grade-4 or 5 motor power (the level of motor power needed to allow a normal gait) by an average of ten months (range, three to twenty-four months). Sensory recovery was incomplete but not debilitating. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative examination of a @entity0 who has an @entity2 should include an assessment of femoral nerve function. Regardless of whether the injury is traumatic or iatrogenic in origin, recovery of motor and sensory function without surgical exploration can be expected. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic study, Level II-1 (retrospective study). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: @entity3 associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 (NO) is a potent vasodilator that was initially described as the mediator of endothelium-dependent relaxation (endothelium-derived relaxing factor, @entity8 ). It is now known that NO is produced by a variety of other cell types. SUMMARY OF REVIEW: Endothelium produces NO ( @entity8 ) under basal conditions and in response to a variety of vasoactive stimuli in large cerebral arteries and the cerebral microcirculation. Endothelium-dependent relaxation is impaired in the presence of several pathophysiological conditions. This impairment may contribute to @entity5 or @entity1 . Activation of @entity4 receptors appears to be a major stimulus for production of NO by neurons. Neuronally derived NO may mediate local increases in cerebral blood flow during increases in cerebral metabolism. NO synthase-containing neurons also innervate large cerebral arteries and cerebral arterioles on the brain surface. Activation of parasympathetic fibers that innervate cerebral vessels produces NO-dependent increases in cerebral blood flow. Increases in cerebral blood flow during @entity6 also appear to be dependent on production of NO. Astrocytes may release some NO constitutively, but astrocytes and microglia can release relatively large quantities of NO after induction of NO synthase in response to endotoxin or some cytokines. Expression of @entity7 , perhaps in response to local production of cytokines, may exert cytotoxic effects in brain during or after @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Because endothelium, neurons, and glia can all produce NO in response to some stimuli, the influence of NO on the cerebral circulation appears to be very important. Under normal conditions, constitutively produced NO influences basal cerebral vascular tone and mediates vascular responses to a diverse group of stimuli. The inducible form of NO synthase produces much greater amounts of NO that may be an important mediator of @entity2 in brain.

title: XXXX and the cerebral circulation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between primary treatment, @entity5 , @entity1 , and general health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in @entity2 . METHODS: A sample of @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity2 between 1994 and 1995 was randomly selected from six population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries. A baseline survey was completed by 2,306 @entity0 within 6 to 12 months of diagnosis, and these @entity0 also completed a follow-up HRQOL survey 2 years after diagnosis. @entity6 models were used to determine whether primary treatment, @entity5 , and @entity1 were independently associated with general HRQOL outcomes approximately 2 years after diagnosis as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey. The magnitude of this effect was estimated using least square means models. RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounders, primary treatment was not associated with 2-year general HRQOL outcomes in @entity0 with @entity2 . Urinary function and bother were independently associated with worse general HRQOL in all domains. Sexual function and bother were also independently associated with worse general HRQOL, although the relationship was not as strong as in the urinary domains. CONCLUSION: Primary treatment is not associated with 2-year general HRQOL outcomes in @entity2 . Although both @entity4 and bother are associated with quality of life, @entity0 who are more bothered by their urination or @entity3 are more likely to report worse quality of life. This implies that future research should be directed toward finding ways to improve treatment-related outcomes or help @entity0 better cope with their posttreatment urinary or @entity1 .

title: General quality of life 2 years following treatment for XXXX : what influences outcomes? Results from the @entity2 outcomes study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of this study was to determine the relationship between primary treatment, @entity5 , @entity1 , and general health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in @entity2 . METHODS: A sample of @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity2 between 1994 and 1995 was randomly selected from six population-based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries. A baseline survey was completed by 2,306 @entity0 within 6 to 12 months of diagnosis, and these @entity0 also completed a follow-up HRQOL survey 2 years after diagnosis. @entity6 models were used to determine whether primary treatment, @entity5 , and @entity1 were independently associated with general HRQOL outcomes approximately 2 years after diagnosis as measured by the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Health Survey. The magnitude of this effect was estimated using least square means models. RESULTS: After adjustment for potential confounders, primary treatment was not associated with 2-year general HRQOL outcomes in @entity0 with @entity2 . Urinary function and bother were independently associated with worse general HRQOL in all domains. Sexual function and bother were also independently associated with worse general HRQOL, although the relationship was not as strong as in the urinary domains. CONCLUSION: Primary treatment is not associated with 2-year general HRQOL outcomes in @entity2 . Although both @entity4 and bother are associated with quality of life, @entity0 who are more bothered by their urination or @entity3 are more likely to report worse quality of life. This implies that future research should be directed toward finding ways to improve treatment-related outcomes or help @entity0 better cope with their posttreatment urinary or @entity1 .

title: General quality of life 2 years following treatment for @entity2 : what influences outcomes? Results from the XXXX outcomes study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the prostatic stenting device--the Urolume--both in terms of relief from @entity2 and as a means of reducing waiting lists. @entity0 AND METHODS: A group of 70 @entity0 from the long-term waiting list were chosen for this study. The Urolume, a mesh tube of biomedical superalloy, was successfully introduced in 60 of these @entity0 . The majority had the procedure performed as a day case, under a general anaesthetic. RESULTS: Seventy-two per cent of @entity0 were symptomatically better when assessed at 6 weeks and their mean peak urinary flow rates had doubled. Early problems included haematuria, urge @entity1 and @entity3 . Stent displacement necessitating removal occurred in 10 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: This technique offers the surgeon a quick and atraumatic method of relieving @entity2 . There are, however, a number of problems associated with this technique which will probably be overcome by modification to the Urolume. As a result of our project, the waiting time for prostatic surgery was reduced from 3 years to under 2 years.

title: The Urolume as a means of treating XXXX and its impact on waiting lists.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Several studies have investigated the role of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) polymorphisms on carotid @entity3 ( @entity3 ) with conflicting results. The objective of this study was to use a large, community-based population to investigate associations between @entity6 gene polymorphisms and @entity2 -associated phenotypes: @entity3 , @entity5 , and low- (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein @entity4 (HDL-C). METHODS: @entity6 genotypes were determined in 1109 randomly selected community subjects with an equal @entity0 -to- @entity0 ratio and equal numbers in each age decile who were 27 to 77 years of age and had bilateral carotid B-mode ultrasound and @entity2 factor measurements. RESULTS: Multivariate analyses, stratified by sex, demonstrated an association between @entity6 genotypes and LDL-C levels in @entity0 (P=0.03) and @entity0 (P<0.001). A significant linear trend in increasing LDL-C (beta=0.33 per unit change in genotype; SE=0.07; P<0.001) levels with increasing number of epsilon4 alleles across the epsilon3/epsilon3, epsilon3/epsilon4, or epsilon4/epsilon4 genotypes was observed in @entity0 but not in @entity0 . The associations were independent of age, diastolic blood pressure, and history of @entity1 . Multivariate analyses found a log-additive trend in risk of developing carotid plaque with increasing numbers of epsilon4 alleles across the epsilon3/epsilon3, epsilon3/epsilon4, and epsilon4/epsilon4 genotypes (odds ratio [OR], 1.72 per unit change in genotype; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.80; P=0.03) in @entity0 . There was no association between plaque frequency and the epsilon4 allele in @entity0 . However, the epsilon2/epsilon3 genotype was shown to be associated with a lower OR (OR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.91; P=0.03) for carotid plaques relative to the epsilon3/epsilon3 genotype in @entity0 . The associations were independent of age and standard vascular risk factors. There were no significant independent associations between @entity6 genotypes and @entity3 in either @entity0 or @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that polymorphisms in the @entity6 gene are significantly associated with LDL-C levels and increased risk of carotid plaque formation in @entity0 but not @entity3 in either @entity0 or @entity0 .

title: XXXX gene polymorphisms are associated with carotid plaque formation but not with intima-media wall thickening: results from the Perth Carotid Ultrasound Disease Assessment Study (CUDAS).

answer: @entity6


abstract: The antihistoplasma activity of recombinant @entity0 gamma interferon (rMuIFN-gamma)-treated macrophages of the RAW 264.7 cell line depends on the generation of @entity2 (NO.) from @entity1 . Macrophages of the @entity0 cell line treated with rMuIFN-gamma do not produce NO. or inhibit the intracellular growth of @entity3 . NO. is generated by the inducible enzyme @entity2 synthase ( @entity4 ) formed by stimulated macrophages. Northern (RNA) blot analysis of RAW 264.7 cells revealed the expression of @entity4 mRNA after exposure to rMuIFN-gamma. In contrast, rMuIFN-gamma-treated @entity0 cells did not produce detectable levels of @entity4 . These data suggest that the failure of @entity0 cells to generate NO. and to restrict the intracellular growth of @entity3 is due to a lack of expression of @entity4 following treatment with rMuIFN-gamma.

title: Expression of inducible XXXX synthase by stimulated macrophages correlates with their antihistoplasma activity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Antibodies to pp60v-arc and @entity2 were introduced into @entity0 platelets using an electropermeabilization technique. The presence of these antibodies inside platelets was detected by flow cytometry. Platelet-activating factor (PAF)-stimulated @entity1 activity ( @entity3 production) and aggregation were dramatically inhibited in platelets transjected with either of these antibodies. Incubation of these antibodies with intact cells (i.e. nonpermeabilized) or electrotransjection of several nonspecific antibodies/agents (e.g. goat anti-mouse IgG, mouse serum, human platelet glycoprotein Ib monoclonal antibody, and fetal calf serum) into platelets had no effect on the PAF responses. trpE (another isotype-matched control antibody of pp60v-src) and pp56lck polyclonal antibody (another src-related kinase not present in platelets) also had no effect on PAF-induced aggregation and @entity3 production in permeabilized platelets. This indicates that the effect of internalized pp60v-src antibody is direct and specific in platelets. Stimulation of platelets by PAF increased the association and phosphorylation of both pp60c-src (60 kDa) and @entity4 (145 kDa). This study provides the first evidence in platelets for a direct and specific involvement of pp60c-src in PAF-mediated @entity1 activation and aggregation response.

title: Electrotransjection of pp60v-src monoclonal antibody inhibits activation of XXXX in platelets. A new mechanism for platelet-activating factor responses.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: As maternal age advances, the risk of fetal @entity2 increases. Pregnant @entity0 35 years of age or older are routinely offered amniocentesis because of this risk. Recently, maternal serum markers have been reported to be useful in screening for @entity2 , primarily in younger @entity0 . We therefore investigated whether offering amniocentesis only to selected @entity0 35 years of age or older who were identified by screening measurements in serum might prove a useful alternative to the current practice. METHODS: We studied 5385 @entity0 with singleton pregnancies who were 35 years of age or older and were undergoing routine amniocentesis. Along with information about the pregnancy, we obtained a serum sample for measurement of @entity1 , unconjugated @entity4 , and @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin. Individual estimates of the risk of @entity2 in the fetus were calculated for each pregnancy before the karyotype was known. RESULTS: If amniocentesis had been reserved for the @entity0 calculated to have a risk greater than 1 in 200 of having a fetus with @entity2 , 48 of the 54 cases of @entity2 (89 percent) would have been identified, 25 percent of the unaffected pregnancies would also have been identified as being at high risk for @entity2 (false positives). Seven of 15 fetuses (47 percent) with other trisomies, 11 of 25 (44 percent) with sex aneuploidy, and 1 of 9 (11 percent) with miscellaneous @entity3 would also have been detected. In practice, such screening would have made 75 percent of the amniocentesis unnecessary, along with a proportion of the amniocentesis-associated fetal losses. If the cutoff for the risk of @entity2 were set higher than 1 in 200, both the rate of detection and the false positive rate would be lower. Conversely, these rates would be higher if the cutoff were set lower. CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal screening of serum to generate individual estimates of the risk of @entity2 in the fetus can provide a basis for decision making in the cases of @entity0 35 years of age or older, as it does in younger pregnant @entity0 , and is an alternative to current testing practices.

title: Reducing the need for amniocentesis in XXXX 35 years of age or older with serum markers for screening.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Four @entity0 had resection for primary @entity3 : one with @entity9 ( @entity9 ), two with poorly differentiated @entity10 , and one with @entity11 . Age ranged from 40 to 69 years. One @entity0 had a cousin and a grandmother who had died of @entity3 . At presentation, all @entity0 had @entity5 ; one had @entity1 rupture, and one had mental changes and @entity12 . None had @entity3 or @entity2 . Results of laboratory evaluation were nonspecific, including normal carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity6 levels. Computed tomography showed hypodense masses with enhancement. Angiography showed a hypervascular mass in three @entity0 and an avascular mass in the @entity0 with @entity9 . Despite large @entity1 (8 to 32 cm), portal and hepatic veins were not invaded. The pattern of vascularization and lack of venous invasion helps differentiate primary @entity3 from @entity4 , especially in noncirrhotic @entity0 . All @entity0 had extensive hepatic resections, with one @entity7 . Immunohistochemical stains of the @entity1 were positive for vimentin but negative for epithelial markers, differentiating these lesions from other @entity3 . The @entity0 with @entity9 died with recurrence at 10 1/2 months. The @entity0 with the @entity8 had a second resection and chemotherapy, but died with recurrence at 3 years. The @entity0 with the @entity11 had a second resection and was disease free at 4 years. Resection of primary @entity3 is warranted, with potential survival measured in years.

title: Resection of primary hepatic @entity9 , @entity10 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: Four @entity0 had resection for primary @entity3 : one with @entity9 ( @entity9 ), two with poorly differentiated @entity10 , and one with @entity11 . Age ranged from 40 to 69 years. One @entity0 had a cousin and a grandmother who had died of @entity3 . At presentation, all @entity0 had @entity5 ; one had @entity1 rupture, and one had mental changes and @entity12 . None had @entity3 or @entity2 . Results of laboratory evaluation were nonspecific, including normal carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity6 levels. Computed tomography showed hypodense masses with enhancement. Angiography showed a hypervascular mass in three @entity0 and an avascular mass in the @entity0 with @entity9 . Despite large @entity1 (8 to 32 cm), portal and hepatic veins were not invaded. The pattern of vascularization and lack of venous invasion helps differentiate primary @entity3 from @entity4 , especially in noncirrhotic @entity0 . All @entity0 had extensive hepatic resections, with one @entity7 . Immunohistochemical stains of the @entity1 were positive for vimentin but negative for epithelial markers, differentiating these lesions from other @entity3 . The @entity0 with @entity9 died with recurrence at 10 1/2 months. The @entity0 with the @entity8 had a second resection and chemotherapy, but died with recurrence at 3 years. The @entity0 with the @entity11 had a second resection and was disease free at 4 years. Resection of primary @entity3 is warranted, with potential survival measured in years.

title: Resection of primary hepatic XXXX , @entity10 , and @entity11 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Four @entity0 had resection for primary @entity3 : one with @entity9 ( @entity9 ), two with poorly differentiated @entity10 , and one with @entity11 . Age ranged from 40 to 69 years. One @entity0 had a cousin and a grandmother who had died of @entity3 . At presentation, all @entity0 had @entity5 ; one had @entity1 rupture, and one had mental changes and @entity12 . None had @entity3 or @entity2 . Results of laboratory evaluation were nonspecific, including normal carcinoembryonic antigen and @entity6 levels. Computed tomography showed hypodense masses with enhancement. Angiography showed a hypervascular mass in three @entity0 and an avascular mass in the @entity0 with @entity9 . Despite large @entity1 (8 to 32 cm), portal and hepatic veins were not invaded. The pattern of vascularization and lack of venous invasion helps differentiate primary @entity3 from @entity4 , especially in noncirrhotic @entity0 . All @entity0 had extensive hepatic resections, with one @entity7 . Immunohistochemical stains of the @entity1 were positive for vimentin but negative for epithelial markers, differentiating these lesions from other @entity3 . The @entity0 with @entity9 died with recurrence at 10 1/2 months. The @entity0 with the @entity8 had a second resection and chemotherapy, but died with recurrence at 3 years. The @entity0 with the @entity11 had a second resection and was disease free at 4 years. Resection of primary @entity3 is warranted, with potential survival measured in years.

title: Resection of primary hepatic @entity9 , XXXX , and @entity11 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: Several genomewide screens have been performed to identify novel loci predisposing to unfavorable serum lipid levels and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). We hypothesized that the accumulating data of these screens in different study populations could be combined to verify which of the identified loci truly harbor susceptibility genes. The power of this strategy has recently been demonstrated with other complex diseases, such as @entity0 and @entity5 . We assessed the largely unknown genetic background of @entity2 by investigating the most common @entity6 predisposing to @entity2 , @entity7 ( @entity7 ), affecting 1%-2% of Western populations and 10%-20% of families with premature @entity2 . To be able to perform a combined data analysis, we unified the diagnostic criteria for @entity7 and its component traits and combined the data from two genomewide scans performed in two populations, the Finns and the Dutch. As a result of our pooled data analysis, we identified three chromosomal regions, on chromosomes 2p25.1, 9p23, and 16q24.1, exceeding the statistical significance level of a LOD score >2.0. The 2p25.1 region was detected for the @entity7 trait, and the 9p23 and 16q24.1 regions were detected for the low high-density lipoprotein @entity1 (HDL-C) trait. In addition, the previously recognized 1q21 region also obtained additional support in the other study sample, when the @entity4 trait was used. Analysis of the 16q24.1 region resulted in a statistically significant LOD score of 3.6 when the data from Finnish families with low HDL-C were included in the analysis. To search for the underlying gene in the 16q24.1 region, we investigated a novel functional and positional candidate gene, helix/forkhead transcription factor ( @entity8 ), by sequencing and by genotyping of two single- @entity3 polymorphisms in the families.

title: Combined analysis of genome scans of dutch and finnish families reveals a susceptibility locus for high-density lipoprotein XXXX on chromosome 16q.

answer: @entity1


abstract: As part of an investigation into the role of FGF in lens development, we have studied the distribution of both @entity2 and @entity1 during eye morphogenesis from embryonic days 10 to 18 (E10-E18) in the @entity0 . For @entity2 , reactivity was found only in ectoderm at E10, prior to contact between the optic vesicle and presumptive lens ectoderm. During lens placode formation (E11) there was a transient, diffuse reactivity for @entity2 in anterior optic vesicle cells directly apposed to the labelled ectoderm of the lens placode. At E12 the diffuse reactivity of the lens placode had changed to a discrete localisation along the basolateral surfaces of differentiating cells in the lens pit. Similar reactivity was associated with neuroblasts along the inner margin of the optic cup. At the early lens vesicle stage (E13) the baso-lateral @entity2 -like reactivity associated with elongating lens cells was more intense and extensive. From the late lens vesicle stage (E14) to E18, reactivity in the lens was increasingly restricted to the equatorial regions which incorporate the germinative and transitional zones. From E16 to E18, @entity2 -like reactivity in the retina was predominantly localised in the peripheral regions corresponding to the developing ciliary body and iris and in the central retina associated with ganglion cell axons. For @entity1 , weak reactivity was detectable as early as E13 in the developing lens capsule and increased in intensity during lens development with the posterior capsule reacting more intensely than the anterior capsule. Retinal @entity1 -like reactivity was first detected at E14, associated with differentiating ganglion cells in the central retina. From E16 to E18 the retinal ganglion cells showed increasing reactivity and the pattern of reactivity followed the centro-peripheral pattern of retinal development. Thus reactivity for @entity2 is first detected in presumptive lens ectoderm and subsequently in optic vesicle cells which are closely associated with lens ectoderm. This raises the possibility that @entity2 may be involved in inductive interactions between presumptive lens ectoderm and optic vesicle. Furthermore the localisation patterns established for both @entity2 and @entity1 during lens and retina morphogenesis suggest an important role for FGF in regulating their morphogenesis and growth.

title: Spatio-temporal distribution of acidic and basic FGF indicates a role for FGF in XXXX lens morphogenesis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 control and antiplatelet or oral anticoagulant drugs are the basis for secondary prevention of cerebrovascular events. Family physicians (FPs) are usually involved in both aspects of prevention, but no research has been carried out in Italy to evaluate the behavior of FPs in this field of prevention. METHODS: Data concerning 318 Italian FPs and 465,061 @entity0 were extracted from the Health Search Database. @entity0 with coded diagnoses of @entity2 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were selected. Demographic records and information regarding presence of concurrent disease and medical records were also obtained. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to assess whether conditions exist that make appropriate control of blood pressure (BP) and prescription of antiplatelet or anticoagulant drugs more likely. RESULTS: We selected 2555 @entity0 with diagnosis of @entity2 and 2755 with @entity1 . Among all of the subjects, 32.6% had no BP recorded. Among the remaining subjects, 58.7% reported uncontrolled BP. Isolated systolic @entity3 has been shown in 68.8% of @entity0 with uncontrolled BP. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs were prescribed in 72% of these cases. Factors that made the prescription significantly more unlikely were diagnosis of @entity1 (odds ratio [OR], 0.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41 to 0.54), total invalidity (OR, 0.66; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.78), and time from event of 5 years or more (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.94). CONCLUSIONS: Italian FPs could improve secondary prevention of @entity2 . The primary target of intervention should be the control of systolic BP, and the group of @entity0 with unacceptably high BP should be given priority. All of these @entity0 should have been prescribed antiplatelet drugs or anticoagulant agents, except in cases of extremely short life expectancy or substantial contraindications.

title: Secondary prevention of XXXX in Italy: a cross-sectional survey in family practice.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bioelectric phenomena have been found to exert influence on various developmental and regenerative processes. Little is known about their possible functions and the cellular mechanisms by which they might act during @entity1 oogenesis. In developing follicles, characteristic extracellular current patterns and membrane-potential changes in oocyte and nurse cells have been observed that partly depend on the exchange of protons, @entity2 ions and @entity3 ions. These bioelectric properties have been supposed to be related to various processes during oogenesis, e. g. pH-regulation, osmoregulation, cell communication, cell migration, cell proliferation, cell death, vitellogenesis and follicle growth. Analysing in detail the spatial distribution and activity of the relevant ion-transport mechanisms is expected to elucidate the roles that bioelectric phenomena play during oogenesis. RESULTS: To obtain an overview of bioelectric patterning along the longitudinal and transversal axes of the developing follicle, the spatial distributions of membrane potentials (Vmem), intracellular pH (pHi) and various membrane-channel proteins were studied systematically using fluorescent indicators, fluorescent inhibitors and antisera. During mid-vitellogenic stages 9 to 10B, characteristic, stage-specific Vmem-patterns in the follicle-cell epithelium as well as anteroposterior pHi-gradients in follicle cells and nurse cells were observed. Corresponding distribution patterns of proton pumps (V-ATPases), voltage-dependent L-type @entity0 -channels, @entity5 -sensitive @entity4 -channels and @entity4 , @entity6 -exchangers (NHE) and gap-junction proteins ( @entity7 ) were detected. In particular, six morphologically distinguishable follicle-cell types are characterized on the bioelectric level by differences concerning Vmem and pHi as well as specific compositions of ion channels and carriers. Striking similarities between Vmem-patterns and activity patterns of voltage-dependent @entity0 -channels were found, suggesting a mechanism for transducing bioelectric signals into cellular responses. Moreover, gradients of electrical potential and pH were observed within single cells. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that spatial patterning of Vmem, pHi and specific membrane-channel proteins results in bioelectric signals that are supposed to play important roles during oogenesis, e. g. by influencing spatial coordinates, regulating migration processes or modifying the cytoskeletal organization. Characteristic stage-specific changes of bioelectric activity in specialized cell types are correlated with various developmental processes.

title: Bioelectric patterning during oogenesis: stage-specific distribution of membrane potentials, intracellular pH and ion-transport mechanisms in XXXX ovarian follicles.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 is the consequence of the deficiency of @entity7 (BH4) - cofactor of @entity4 hydroxylation. The type of the disease depends on the metabolic defect of synthesis or regeneration of the cofactor. The secondary deficiency of neurotransmitters - @entity5 and @entity2 is the reason of very severe clinical course and @entity1 . Ten cases of @entity3 are presented: 8 of the defect of 6-pyrogronyl-tetrahydropterin synthase, 1 of @entity8 reductase, 1 of @entity6 cyclohydrolase. In 7 cases the diagnosis was confirmed by molecular studies. The age of the @entity0 at the time of diagnosis was from 3 weeks to 7 years. In 8 @entity0 pharmacological treatment was implemented without limitation of dietary intake of @entity4 . Treatment period was from 9 months to 18.5 years. Treatment effectiveness is differentiated and independent of the age of diagnosis. Physical development in all but one @entity0 is retarded and in all of them microcephaly is present. After treatment, mental development scores in 6 cases improved evidently (in 2 - up to normal values, in 4 - close to normal). No improvement was achieved in 2 cases (brothers). Detailed analysis of the clinical course in @entity0 with similar age of diagnosis and start of treatment and with identical genotypes revealed significant differences in clinical course and treatment effectiveness. No explanation for this fact has been found.

title: [ XXXX treatment effectiveness].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most common cause of implant failure is @entity2 ( @entity2 ), followed by @entity1 ( @entity1 ). This study evaluates the incidence of @entity1 among @entity0 operated with suspected @entity2 and whether the diagnosis of @entity1 was predictive of subsequent implant failure including re- @entity1 , at 2  years of follow up. METHODS: @entity0 undergoing revision hip or knee arthroplasty due to presumed @entity2 from February 2009 to September 2011 were prospectively evaluated. A sonication fluid of prosthesis and tissue samples for microbiology and histopathology at the time of the surgery were collected. Implant failure include recurrent or persistent @entity1 , reoperation for any reason or need for chronic antibiotic suppression. RESULTS: Of 198 @entity0 with pre-and intraoperative diagnosis of @entity2 , 24 (12.1  %) had postoperative diagnosis of @entity1 . After a follow up of 31  months (IQR: 21 to 38  months), 9 (37.5  %) of 24 @entity0 in the @entity1 group had implant failure compared to only 1 (1.1  %) in the 198 of @entity2 group (p   <   0.0001). Sensitivity of sonicate fluid culture (>20  CFU) and peri-prosthetic tissue culture were 87.5  % vs 66.7  %, respectively. Specificities were 100  % for both techniques (95  % CI, 97.9-100  %). A greater number of @entity0 with @entity1 (79.1  %) had previous partial arthroplasty revisions than those @entity0 in the @entity2 group (56.9  %) (p   =   0.04). In addition, 5 (55.5  %) @entity0 with @entity1 and implant failure had more revision arthroplasties during the first year after the last implant placement than those @entity0 with @entity1 without implant failure (1 @entity0 ; 6.7  %) (RR 3.8; 95  % CI 1.4-10.1; p   =   0.015). On the other hand, 6 (25  %) @entity0 finally diagnosed of @entity1 were initially diagnosed of @entity2 in the first year after primary arthroplasty, whereas it was only 16 (9.2  %) @entity0 in the group of true @entity2 (RR 2.7; 95  % CI 1.2-6.1; p   =   0.03). CONCLUSIONS: More than one tenth of @entity0 with suspected @entity2 are misdiagnosed @entity1 . Positive histology and positive peri-implant tissue and sonicate fluid cultures are highly predictive of implant failure in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 with greater number of partial hip revisions for a presumed @entity2 had more risk of @entity1 . Early loosening is more often caused by hidden @entity1 than late loosening.

title: 26Postoperative diagnosis and outcome in @entity0 with revision arthroplasty for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The most common cause of implant failure is @entity2 ( @entity2 ), followed by @entity1 ( @entity1 ). This study evaluates the incidence of @entity1 among @entity0 operated with suspected @entity2 and whether the diagnosis of @entity1 was predictive of subsequent implant failure including re- @entity1 , at 2  years of follow up. METHODS: @entity0 undergoing revision hip or knee arthroplasty due to presumed @entity2 from February 2009 to September 2011 were prospectively evaluated. A sonication fluid of prosthesis and tissue samples for microbiology and histopathology at the time of the surgery were collected. Implant failure include recurrent or persistent @entity1 , reoperation for any reason or need for chronic antibiotic suppression. RESULTS: Of 198 @entity0 with pre-and intraoperative diagnosis of @entity2 , 24 (12.1  %) had postoperative diagnosis of @entity1 . After a follow up of 31  months (IQR: 21 to 38  months), 9 (37.5  %) of 24 @entity0 in the @entity1 group had implant failure compared to only 1 (1.1  %) in the 198 of @entity2 group (p   <   0.0001). Sensitivity of sonicate fluid culture (>20  CFU) and peri-prosthetic tissue culture were 87.5  % vs 66.7  %, respectively. Specificities were 100  % for both techniques (95  % CI, 97.9-100  %). A greater number of @entity0 with @entity1 (79.1  %) had previous partial arthroplasty revisions than those @entity0 in the @entity2 group (56.9  %) (p   =   0.04). In addition, 5 (55.5  %) @entity0 with @entity1 and implant failure had more revision arthroplasties during the first year after the last implant placement than those @entity0 with @entity1 without implant failure (1 @entity0 ; 6.7  %) (RR 3.8; 95  % CI 1.4-10.1; p   =   0.015). On the other hand, 6 (25  %) @entity0 finally diagnosed of @entity1 were initially diagnosed of @entity2 in the first year after primary arthroplasty, whereas it was only 16 (9.2  %) @entity0 in the group of true @entity2 (RR 2.7; 95  % CI 1.2-6.1; p   =   0.03). CONCLUSIONS: More than one tenth of @entity0 with suspected @entity2 are misdiagnosed @entity1 . Positive histology and positive peri-implant tissue and sonicate fluid cultures are highly predictive of implant failure in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 with greater number of partial hip revisions for a presumed @entity2 had more risk of @entity1 . Early loosening is more often caused by hidden @entity1 than late loosening.

title: 26Postoperative diagnosis and outcome in XXXX with revision arthroplasty for @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 is a major causative factor of @entity3 . The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of asymptomatic vaginal colonization with @entity4 at early gestation on pregnancy outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 2005 to 2014, a total of 8447 @entity0 with singleton pregnancies between 10(+0) and 16(+0) gestational weeks were routinely subjected to an antenatal @entity1 screen-and-treat program. Vaginal smears were Gram-stained and microscopically evaluated, and data were retrospectively analyzed. @entity0 exposed to Candida received @entity2 and were re-tested after 4-6 weeks. Treatment was repeated in case of recurrence. @entity0 with normal or intermediate vaginal flora were considered as non-exposed. @entity5 and trichomoniasis were assessed and treated as well. Descriptive data analysis, chi-squared testing and multiple regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounders were performed. Rates of asymptomatic @entity1 , @entity3 and low birthweight served as the main outcomes measures. RESULTS: A normal or intermediate flora was found in 6708 (79.4%) of the screened @entity0 ; 1142 @entity0 (13.5%) showed asymptomatic @entity4 @entity1 . Of this group, 185 @entity0 (2.2%) had a recurrence of Candida on vaginal smears. Compared with the non-exposed @entity0 with normal or intermediate flora, those with recurrent @entity6 had higher rates of @entity3 (11.9% vs. 9.5%) and of low birthweight (10.8% vs. 8.0%), as confirmed in the multiple model (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Recurrent asymptomatic vaginal colonization with Candida in early pregnancy is associated with @entity3 and low birthweight. Routine screening and consequent treatment for @entity6 could improve pregnancy outcomes.

title: Effect of asymptomatic vaginal colonization with XXXX on pregnancy outcome.

answer: @entity4


abstract: External @entity3 (EARR) can be an undesirable sequela of orthodontic treatment. Previous studies have suggested that EARR has a substantial genetic component. Linkage and association were examined between polymorphisms of the interleukin @entity2 ( @entity1 and @entity2 ) genes and EARR in 35 white American families. Buccal swab cells were collected for DNA isolation and analysis. The EARR in the maxillary central incisors, the mandibular central incisors, and the mesial and distal roots of the mandibular first molar were analyzed separately and together by using both linkage and association methods of analysis. Highly significant (P =.0003) evidence of linkage disequilibrium of @entity2 polymorphism with the clinical manifestation of EARR was obtained. The analysis indicates that the @entity2 polymorphism accounts for 15% of the total variation of maxillary incisor EARR. @entity0 homozygous for the @entity2 allele 1 have a 5.6 fold (95% CI 1.9-21.2) increased risk of EARR greater than 2 mm as compared with those who are not homozygous for the @entity2 allele 1. Data indicate that allele 1 at the @entity2 gene, known to decrease the production of @entity2 cytokine in vivo, significantly increases the risk of EARR. These findings are consistent with an interpretation of EARR as a complex condition influenced by many factors, with the @entity2 gene contributing an important predisposition to this common problem. Defining genetic contributions to EARR is an important factor in understanding the contribution of environmental factors, such as habits and therapeutic biomechanics.

title: Genetic predisposition to external XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Subtle changes in glucocorticoid levels, including a flattening of the diurnal rhythm with raised nadir, are prevalent, being characteristic of both @entity2 . Both these conditions are also associated with deficits in hippocampally mediated cognitive functions. We hypothesized that this profile of glucocorticoid levels causes structural and functional changes in the hippocampus, which in turn may engender @entity1 . We implanted slow-release @entity6 pellets into adrenally intact adult male @entity0 to produce a flattened glucocorticoid rhythm with levels clamped midway between the normal nadir and zenith. Using density profile analysis we measured hippocampal expression of messenger RNAs encoding structural and functional proteins. In @entity0 with a flattened glucocorticoid rhythm, the expression of the mRNA coding for microtubule associated protein-2b (MAP2b) was reduced in @entity5 relative to sham-operated controls, but unchanged in dentate gyrus and @entity4 . In contrast, the expression of the mRNA coding the alpha subunit of @entity3 -calmodulin dependent kinase (CAMKIIalpha) was reduced in dentate gyrus in animals with a flattened glucocorticoid rhythm, but unchanged in @entity5 . The expression of the mRNA coding the synaptic vesicle protein @entity7 was unchanged in both @entity5 and dentate gyrus. The data indicate that a flattening of the normal diurnal glucocorticoid rhythm decreases the hippocampal expression of mRNAs coding key structural and functional proteins, and does so in a regionally selective manner. The data may have relevance for @entity1 characteristic of aging and @entity2 .

title: Flattening the glucocorticoid rhythm causes changes in hippocampal expression of messenger RNAs coding structural and functional proteins: implications for aging and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the longitudinal effects of botulinum toxin injection on movement characteristics of the @entity4 in @entity0 by using motor control testing (MCT) techniques and standard clinical measures. DESIGN: Open-label clinical trial. SETTING: Motor control laboratory at an academic medical center. @entity0 : A convenience sample of 9 subjects (5 @entity0 , 4 @entity0 ; age range, 7-16 y) with @entity2 ( @entity1 or @entity3 ) and asymmetric upper-extremity function because of @entity4 . Eight subjects had right-sided involvement. INTERVENTIONS: Botulinum toxin injection to the involved @entity5 , involving elbow, wrist, and finger flexors, depending on clinical presentation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical measures included range of motion (ROM), the Ashworth Scale, FIM trade mark instrument, Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory, portions of the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, and the Purdue pegboard. MCT consisted of visually guided reaching, bilateral finger-to-nose movements, hand tapping, and isometric pinch force tasks. Kinematic assessments were made before and at 2, 4, 6, 12, 18, and 24 weeks after botulinum toxin injection. RESULTS: All subjects had increased ROM and decreased Ashworth values throughout the testing period. In motor control tasks, improvement typically occurred earlier in the least complex movements, such as hand tapping, with 6 of 9 subjects showing a maximum, although transient, unilateral tapping speed by 6 weeks. A similar time course was observed for pinch force tasks. Improvement in more complex, forward-reaching tasks occurred much later (week 12 or later) or did not occur at all. As with the hand tasks, improved reach performance declined toward the end of the testing period. All subject showed minimal or no improvement in bilateral finger-to-nose movements. Neither maximum changes in ROM or Ashworth values correlated with improvements in functional elbow extension during sit and reach tasks, with 3 subjects with normal active ROM showing late onset or no change in reach. CONCLUSIONS: Although botulinum toxin reduced tone and increased ROM of the @entity4 , the time course and degree of motor improvement appears to depend on the complexity of the task. Future research should focus on the value of adjunct therapy, such as task-specific training, in addition to botulinum toxin treatments to facilitate functional improvement of the @entity4 .

title: Changes in movement characteristics of the XXXX after botulinum toxin injection.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among @entity0 under 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries. In 2006, the Indian government formally endorsed the World Health Organization guidelines that introduced @entity1 supplementation and low-osmolarity oral rehydration salts (ORS) for the treatment of @entity2 . Despite this, @entity1 is rarely prescribed and has not been available in the public sector in India until very recently. The @entity2 Alleviation Through @entity1 and ORS Treatment (DAZT) project was implemented in Gujarat between 2011 and 2013 to accelerate the uptake of @entity1 and ORS among public and private providers in 6 rural districts. As part of an external evaluation of DAZT, we interviewed 619 randomly selected facility- and community-based public and private providers 2-3 months after a 1-day training event had been completed (or, in the case of private providers, after at least 1 drug-detailing visit by a pharmaceutical representative had occurred) and supplies were in place. The purpose of the interviews was to assess providers' knowledge of appropriate treatment for @entity2 in @entity0 , reported treatment practices, and availability of drugs in stock. More than 80% of all providers interviewed reported they had received training or a drug-detailing visit on diarrheal treatment in the past 6 months. Most providers in all cadres (range, 68% to 100%) correctly described how to prepare ORS and nearly all (range, 90% to 100%) reported routinely prescribing it to treat @entity2 in @entity0 . Reported routine prescription of @entity1 was lower, ranging from 62% among private providers to 96% among auxiliary nurse-midwives. Among providers who reported ever not recommending @entity1 (n=242), the 2 most frequently reported reasons for not doing so were not completely understanding @entity1 for @entity2 treatment and not having @entity1 in stock at the time of contact with the @entity0 . In a multiple logistic regression analysis, recent training or drug-detailing visits and having @entity1 in stock were associated with reported @entity1 prescribing (P<.05). Recent training among public providers was significantly associated with having correct knowledge of @entity1 treatment duration and dosage, but the same was not true of drug-detailing visits among private providers. Treating @entity2 with @entity1 and low-osmolarity ORS is new for public and private providers in India and other low- and middle-income countries. Sufficient training and logistics support to ensure consistent supplies are critical if providers are to begin routinely treating all @entity2 episodes with @entity1 and ORS.

title: Appropriate Management of Acute XXXX in @entity0 Among Public and Private Providers in Gujarat, India: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among @entity0 under 5 years of age in low- and middle-income countries. In 2006, the Indian government formally endorsed the World Health Organization guidelines that introduced @entity1 supplementation and low-osmolarity oral rehydration salts (ORS) for the treatment of @entity2 . Despite this, @entity1 is rarely prescribed and has not been available in the public sector in India until very recently. The @entity2 Alleviation Through @entity1 and ORS Treatment (DAZT) project was implemented in Gujarat between 2011 and 2013 to accelerate the uptake of @entity1 and ORS among public and private providers in 6 rural districts. As part of an external evaluation of DAZT, we interviewed 619 randomly selected facility- and community-based public and private providers 2-3 months after a 1-day training event had been completed (or, in the case of private providers, after at least 1 drug-detailing visit by a pharmaceutical representative had occurred) and supplies were in place. The purpose of the interviews was to assess providers' knowledge of appropriate treatment for @entity2 in @entity0 , reported treatment practices, and availability of drugs in stock. More than 80% of all providers interviewed reported they had received training or a drug-detailing visit on diarrheal treatment in the past 6 months. Most providers in all cadres (range, 68% to 100%) correctly described how to prepare ORS and nearly all (range, 90% to 100%) reported routinely prescribing it to treat @entity2 in @entity0 . Reported routine prescription of @entity1 was lower, ranging from 62% among private providers to 96% among auxiliary nurse-midwives. Among providers who reported ever not recommending @entity1 (n=242), the 2 most frequently reported reasons for not doing so were not completely understanding @entity1 for @entity2 treatment and not having @entity1 in stock at the time of contact with the @entity0 . In a multiple logistic regression analysis, recent training or drug-detailing visits and having @entity1 in stock were associated with reported @entity1 prescribing (P<.05). Recent training among public providers was significantly associated with having correct knowledge of @entity1 treatment duration and dosage, but the same was not true of drug-detailing visits among private providers. Treating @entity2 with @entity1 and low-osmolarity ORS is new for public and private providers in India and other low- and middle-income countries. Sufficient training and logistics support to ensure consistent supplies are critical if providers are to begin routinely treating all @entity2 episodes with @entity1 and ORS.

title: Appropriate Management of Acute @entity2 in XXXX Among Public and Private Providers in Gujarat, India: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

answer: @entity0


abstract: High intensity focused ultrasound via a transrectal approach was used to treat 15 @entity0 with symptomatic @entity1 . The first 10 of these 15 @entity0 underwent continuous temperature monitoring of the periprostatic region throughout the treatment. @entity0 undergoing transperineal thermocouple placement for the purpose of thermometry were treated while under general or spinal anesthesia, whereas 4 of the 5 remaining @entity0 were successfully treated using intravenous sedation alone. Of the 10 @entity0 9 did not demonstrate a significant temperature elevation. One @entity0 with a small prostatic anteroposterior diameter had a transient elevation of 17C. No @entity0 experienced a complication related to periprostatic heating. Followup was available at 90 days in all @entity0 . At 90 days the symptom scores decreased from a pretreatment value (American Urological Association questions 1 to 7) of 31.2 (range 22 to 38) to 15.8 (range 8 to 31). Peak flow rate increased by a mean of 4.7 ml per second from 9.3 ml per second before treatment to 14.0 ml per second at 90 days. The most frequent complication was that of transient urinary retention in 11 of 15 @entity0 (73.3%) and @entity2 in 7 (46.7%). No adverse reactions persisted at 90 days. This study represents an initial attempt using high intensity focused ultrasound to treat symptomatic @entity1 . Overall, the safety and effectiveness of high intensity focused ultrasound demonstrated in this pilot study are encouraging.

title: High intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of XXXX : early United States clinical experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: MicroRNAs (miRs) have been shown to play important roles in @entity0 progression. Their expression pattern can be useful for @entity0 classification. However, little is known about miRs in mammary phyllodes tumours (PT). METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based @entity4 profiling was performed in a small PT cohort to identify deregulated miRs in malignant PT. The purported roles and targets of these miRs were further validated. Unsupervised clustering of @entity4 expression profiling segregated PT into different grades, implicating the @entity4 profile in PT classification. Among the deregulated miRs, @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity2 were validated to be higher in malignant than in lower-grade PT in the independent cohort by quantitative PCR (qPCR) (P   <=  0.032). Their expression correlated with some of the malignant histological features, including high stromal cellularity, nuclear pleomorphism and mitosis. Subsequent analysis of their downstream proteins, namely @entity1 for @entity3 / @entity2 and Rb for @entity5 , also showed an independent significant negative association between @entity4 and protein expression. CONCLUSIONS: Differential expression of miRs in PT could be useful in diagnosis and grading of PT. Their deregulated expression, together with the altered downstream targets, implicated their active involvement in PT malignant transformation.

title: MicroRNAs are differentially deregulated in mammary XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The study enrolled 53 @entity0 (29 males, 24 females) with @entity5 aged 15-88 years. Most of them were 59 years of age and younger. In 1/3 of the @entity0 the diseases started with symptoms of @entity6 , in 2/3 of them--with pulmonary affection. @entity1 was diagnosed in 50 @entity0 (94.3%), acute @entity7 --in 3 @entity0 . ECG changes were registered in about half of the examinees who had no cardiac complaints. 25 of them had alterations in the end part of the ventricular ECG complex; rhythm and conduction disturbances occurred rarely. Mycoplasmosis @entity0 suffering from @entity4 ( @entity4 ) had stable ECG changes while in those free of @entity4 the changes were short. @entity2 foci were absent. @entity3 comparison in @entity0 with @entity5 and in other @entity6 has found that cardiovascular system suffers less in acute mycoplasmosis. These data are useful in differential diagnosis of @entity2 .

title: [Cardio-vascular system condition in XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent outbreaks of @entity4 make the disease a public health concern in Punjab, Pakistan. The knowledge of how the population perceives the disease and its vector is essential in order to design an effective management strategy, but such studies are rare in Pakistan. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: The present study was based on a cross-sectional self-administered survey comprising 250 household samples collected from five localities including Bhawalpur, Multan, Jhang, Faisalabad and Lahore. The results revealed that the respondents had a poor knowledge of the vector and disease. Few of the respondents were aware about the identification of sand flies, their breeding place, biting time, transmission of @entity1 and control measures. @entity2 and sandflies as the main disease symptom and vector of the disease, respectively, were known to some of the respondents. Some believed that summer was the main peak incidence of the disease and it could be transmitted from @entity0 to @entity0 via contact. However, most of the respondents believed that the disease could be cured. Admission to hospitals, cleanliness and use of bed nets were the treatment measures for the disease in suspected @entity0 , whereas some thought that the use of bed nets could be helpful in preventing @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Poor knowledge of the disease and its vector in the study population emphasize the need to initiate health education and awareness campaigns to minimize the risks of @entity4 outbreaks in the future.

title: A Cross-Sectional Survey of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Related to XXXX and Sand Flies in Punjab, Pakistan.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Uncertainty in exposure estimates from models can result in exposure measurement error and can potentially affect the validity of epidemiological studies. We recently used a suite of environmental models and an integrated exposure and pharmacokinetic model to estimate individual @entity2 ( @entity3 ) serum concentrations and assess the association with @entity1 from 1990 through 2006 for the C8 Health Project @entity0 . OBJECTIVES: The aims of the current study are to evaluate impact of uncertainty in estimated @entity3 drinking-water concentrations on estimated serum concentrations and their reported epidemiological association with @entity1 . METHODS: For each individual public water district, we used Monte Carlo simulations to vary the year-by-year @entity3 drinking-water concentration by randomly sampling from lognormal distributions for random error in the yearly public water district @entity3 concentrations, systematic error specific to each water district, and global systematic error in the release assessment (using the estimated concentrations from the original fate and transport model as medians and a range of 2-, 5-, and 10-fold uncertainty). RESULTS: Uncertainty in @entity3 water concentrations could cause major changes in estimated serum @entity3 concentrations among @entity0 . However, there is relatively little impact on the resulting epidemiological association in our simulations. The contribution of exposure uncertainty to the total uncertainty (including regression parameter variance) ranged from 5% to 31%, and bias was negligible. CONCLUSIONS: We found that correlated exposure uncertainty can substantially change estimated @entity3 serum concentrations, but results in only minor impacts on the epidemiological association between @entity3 and @entity1 . Citation: Avanasi R, Shin HM, Vieira VM, Savitz DA, Bartell SM. 2016. Impact of exposure uncertainty on the association between @entity2 and @entity1 in the C8 Health Project population. Environ Health Perspect 124:126-132;   http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409044.

title: Impact of Exposure Uncertainty on the Association between XXXX and Preeclampsia in the C8 Health Project Population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the efficacy and the tolerance of high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell transplantation as part of front-line therapy in @entity5 for @entity0 with both adverse prognostic factors: high @entity1 burden at presentation and slow response to initial chemotherapy. In a prospective one-center study, 20 consecutive @entity0 with slow response ( @entity1 reduction < 75%) (16 pts) or refractory (4 pts) to 3-4 courses of conventional @entity7 chemotherapy received high-dose therapy followed with autologous bone marrow (14 pts) or peripheral blood stem cell (6 pts) transplantation. They were 13 males, 7 females, median age 26 years (8-45). At the time of initial diagnosis, all but one of the @entity0 had B symptoms, all had high-risk @entity7 defined as Ann Arbor stage IV (7 pts) or large mediastinal involvement (LMI = @entity1 /thorax > 0.45 at T5-T6) (6 pts) or both stage IV+LMI (7 pts). Median time between diagnosis and autotransplantation was 5 months. Intensive therapy consisted of either @entity8 ( @entity4 1.5 g/m2 x 4, BCNU 300 mg/m2, @entity9 200 mg/m2 x 3) (12 pts) or @entity4 120 mg/kg + 12 Gy total body irradiation for 8 @entity0 with diffuse bone or lung involvement. For pts treated with CBV, 40 Gy involved field radio-therapy was performed after hematological recovery. Median duration of @entity6 was 16 days (9-21). Neither @entity10 , nor @entity3 nor @entity2 death were observed. Seventeen pts are alive with no progression of the disease (16/16 in partial response after initial chemotherapy, 1/4 with refractory disease).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Early intensive therapy with autotransplantation for high-risk XXXX .

answer: @entity5