abstract: BACKGROUND: Ultrasonography (US) has been used as an important adjunct to mammography (MG), and automated breast US (ABUS) scanners were originally designed to effectively examine the breast in its entirety. PURPOSE: To retrospectively assess the performance of radiologists in the detection of @entity0 , initially detected by hand-held ultrasound (HHUS), using 3D breast volume data obtained from a commercial ABUS system. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Bilateral whole breast US was performed using ABUS in 61 consecutive @entity1 who were scheduled to undergo US-guided needle biopsy due to suspicious breast masses detected during screening HHUS. Fourteen @entity2 in 13 @entity1 and 48 normal breasts of 48 @entity1 with benign disease in the contralateral breast were selected. Three radiologists who had not performed the HHUS examinations independently reviewed the 3D ABUS data for any lesions that required recall for further evaluation. Sensitivities and false-positive rates were calculated. RESULTS: The sensitivities of the three readers for @entity2 detection were 78.6% (11/14), 78.6%, and 57.1% (8/14), respectively, with false-positive rates of 20.8% (10/48), 12.5% (6/48) and 8.3% (4/48). Seven @entity2 were detected by all three readers, four @entity2 by two readers, and one @entity2 by one reader. Two invasive @entity2 were not detected by any reader. CONCLUSION: Of HHUS-detected @entity2 , only 57.1-78.6% were identified with ABUS. A substantial level of experience and training is necessary to improve @entity2 detection by ABUS.

title: XXXX initially detected by hand-held ultrasound: detection performance of radiologists using automated breast ultrasound data.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is frequently associated with bony fragments that are difficult to see on radiographs. MRI or MDCT are often used to rule out or characterize these bony fragments. PURPOSE: To assess the use of MDCT for locating bony fragments and donor sites in @entity0 with @entity1 , and to test whether sizes and quantity of bony fragments differ between first-time dislocations and recurrent dislocations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective data from two hospitals during a 96-month period were collected, and a total of 46 @entity0 (mean age 27 years, range 9-69 years) that had sustained an @entity1 (22 first-time, 24 recurrent) were identified. Size, location and donor site of bony fragments were evaluated on MDCT images. Surgical correlation was available for 22 of 46 @entity0 . RESULTS: On MDCT images, the likely donor site could be identified in 62 of 71 (87%) bony fragments. Of the bony fragments that were seen on MDCT images, 40 of 68 (59%) were not seen on AP and lateral views of the conventional radiographs. There was no significant difference in size of bony fragments between first-time or recurrent dislocators (p=0.77). The average number of bony fragments were 2.1 and 1.0 in first-time and recurrent dislocators, respectively. The location and donor site of bony fragments was similar between two @entity0 groups. CONCLUSION: MDCT is a suitable imaging method to locate bony fragments and donor sites. The number of bony fragments seems to be higher in first-time dislocators than recurrent dislocators, otherwise findings between the two @entity0 groups were similar.

title: Multidetector computed tomography evaluation of bony fragments and donor sites in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: MMR is a live attenuated vaccine. Indian @entity0 show almost 90% seroconversion against measles and @entity5 and 90% against mumps. Several adverse effects have been reported. Epidemiological studies do not support a causative link between MMR and @entity4 , @entity7 or @entity6 . There is an association between the Urabe strain of mumps vaccine and @entity3 . Vaccine associated @entity2 has been reported. Severe @entity1 reactions occur, mainly due to the gelatin component. Outbreaks of measles occur in areas of high measles vaccine coverage, when susceptible individuals accumulate. A second dose is given mainly to vaccinate those who missed the first dose or had primary vaccine failure, rather than to boost waning antibody levels. The possibility or eradication of mumps with a second dose of mumps vaccine is being considered.

title: Measles, mumps, XXXX (MMR) vaccine.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 may cause @entity2 ( @entity2 ). However, the correlation between the small lateral semi-circular canal (LSCC) and @entity2 is controversial. PURPOSE: To determine whether there is a correlation between the two using CT-based measurement. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the high-resolution CT images of the temporal bone obtained from consecutive @entity0 . A total 136 ears of 68 @entity0 (25 @entity0 and 43 @entity0 ; age range 20-85 years, mean 49.8 years) were included in this study. @entity0 who were clinically suspected to have @entity3 were also excluded. Two radiologists independently measured the width and cross-sectional area of the bony island of LSCC. We evaluated the correlation between LSCC bone island width or cross-sectional area and hearing level in all cases using Pearson correlation co-efficients. In addition, we compared hearing levels among the @entity0 group with normal-sized LSCC (   mean-SD), small LSCC (<mean-SD) and very small LSCC (<mean-2SD) as defined by the width and cross-sectional area of the bony island using Student's t-test. RESULTS: A total 136 ears of 68 @entity0 (25 @entity0 and 43 @entity0 ; age range 20-85 years, mean 49.8 years) were included in this study. No significant correlation was shown between LSCC bony island width or cross-sectional area and hearing level (P   >   0.05). No significant difference in hearing levels were found among groups of the normal-sized, small and very small LSCC (P   >   0.05). CONCLUSION: We conclude that there is no correlation between isolated small LSCC and @entity2 .

title: XXXX : there is no correlation with isolated dysplasia of the lateral semi-circular canal on temporal bone CT.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are common among @entity0 and frequently recur. @entity2 is associated with UTI risk, which suggests that repletion may be beneficial. We conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of a @entity4 intravaginal suppository probiotic (Lactin-V; Osel) for prevention of recurrent UTI in premenopausal @entity0 . METHODS: One hundred young @entity0 with a history of recurrent UTI received antimicrobials for acute UTI and then were randomized to receive either Lactin-V or placebo daily for 5 d, then once weekly for 10 weeks. @entity0 were followed up at 1 week and 10 weeks after intervention and for @entity1 ; urine samples for culture and vaginal swabs for real-time quantitative 16S ribosomal RNA gene polymerase chain reaction for @entity4 were collected. RESULTS: Recurrent UTI occurred in 7/48 15% of @entity0 receiving Lactin-V compared with 13/48 27% of @entity0 receiving placebo (relative risk [RR], .5; 95% confidence interval, .2-1.2). High-level vaginal colonization with @entity4 (>= 10(6) 16S RNA gene copies per swab) throughout follow-up was associated with a significant reduction in recurrent UTI only for Lactin-V (RR for Lactin-V, .07; RR for placebo, 1.1; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Lactin-V after treatment for @entity3 is associated with a reduction in recurrent UTI. Larger efficacy trials of this novel preventive method for recurrent UTI are warranted. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION. NCT00305227.

title: Randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial of a XXXX probiotic given intravaginally for prevention of recurrent @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are common among @entity0 and frequently recur. @entity2 is associated with UTI risk, which suggests that repletion may be beneficial. We conducted a double-blind placebo-controlled trial of a @entity4 intravaginal suppository probiotic (Lactin-V; Osel) for prevention of recurrent UTI in premenopausal @entity0 . METHODS: One hundred young @entity0 with a history of recurrent UTI received antimicrobials for acute UTI and then were randomized to receive either Lactin-V or placebo daily for 5 d, then once weekly for 10 weeks. @entity0 were followed up at 1 week and 10 weeks after intervention and for @entity1 ; urine samples for culture and vaginal swabs for real-time quantitative 16S ribosomal RNA gene polymerase chain reaction for @entity4 were collected. RESULTS: Recurrent UTI occurred in 7/48 15% of @entity0 receiving Lactin-V compared with 13/48 27% of @entity0 receiving placebo (relative risk [RR], .5; 95% confidence interval, .2-1.2). High-level vaginal colonization with @entity4 (>= 10(6) 16S RNA gene copies per swab) throughout follow-up was associated with a significant reduction in recurrent UTI only for Lactin-V (RR for Lactin-V, .07; RR for placebo, 1.1; P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Lactin-V after treatment for @entity3 is associated with a reduction in recurrent UTI. Larger efficacy trials of this novel preventive method for recurrent UTI are warranted. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION. NCT00305227.

title: Randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial of a @entity4 probiotic given intravaginally for prevention of recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 are a major clinical problem in @entity0 with @entity13 and end @entity5 . @entity6 from cardiac causes accounts for 40%-50% of all @entity6 in these @entity0 and is thus up to 20 times more common in uremic @entity0 than in the general population. @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity5 is complex, but accelerated @entity12 has repeatedly been discussed as one major cause. The prevalence of @entity7 in uremic @entity0 is approximately 30% by autopsy and coronary angiography studies. Not only is the prevalence of @entity12 very high, but also the case fatality rate of @entity10 . Recently, excess mortality in uremic @entity0 having had a @entity10 was noted; the one year mortality was 55.4% and 62.3% in uremic @entity0 with and without @entity1 , respectively, compared to about 10-15% in non-uremic @entity0 . This study goes beyond the well-known notion that @entity14 is associated with more severe @entity12 and shows that, in addition, the adaptation to coronary perfusion deficits is inappropriate. Recent clinical and autoptical studies in pre-dialysis and dialysis cohorts have documented increased intima and media thickness which appear early in the course of @entity2 ; Vascular wall thickening in @entity5 seems to be modified at least in part by parathyroidhormone (PTH) and @entity15 (ET-1) which are both elevated in @entity0 with @entity5 . In experimental @entity5 a direct effect of high @entity16 diet in arterial wall thickening was also documented. In addition to thickening of the vascular wall marked structural alterations were noted in @entity5 i.e. a decrease in elastic fibre content and an increase in extracellular matrix. Furthermore, increased calcification of @entity8 and of the media of the aorta and some peripheral arteries has been documented in @entity0 with @entity5 . Factors contributing to this increased calcification process may be deposition of abundant circulating @entity9 , microinflammation, oxidative stress, de novo expression of bone morphogenous proteins and lack of inhibitors of calcifcation. These changes in vascular wall composition may alter vessel elasticity and thus contribute to impaired vessel function in @entity5 . It is obvious from the above mentioned facts that @entity4 in the renal @entity0 is certainly multifaetorial in origin. There are, however, important issues to adress in the future, like (I) the characterization of vascular morphology in the different vascular beds, (II) the pathomechanisms of @entity11 as well as the potential beneficial effect of rigorous control of non-classical risk factors (i.e. high P or Ca x P, @entity3 , oxidative stress, etc.), (III) an additive or supraadditive effect of various classical and non-classical risk factors and (IV) the role of @entity1 in modifying these vascular alterations.

title: Special characteristics of @entity12 in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity4 are a major clinical problem in @entity0 with @entity13 and end @entity5 . @entity6 from cardiac causes accounts for 40%-50% of all @entity6 in these @entity0 and is thus up to 20 times more common in uremic @entity0 than in the general population. @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity5 is complex, but accelerated @entity12 has repeatedly been discussed as one major cause. The prevalence of @entity7 in uremic @entity0 is approximately 30% by autopsy and coronary angiography studies. Not only is the prevalence of @entity12 very high, but also the case fatality rate of @entity10 . Recently, excess mortality in uremic @entity0 having had a @entity10 was noted; the one year mortality was 55.4% and 62.3% in uremic @entity0 with and without @entity1 , respectively, compared to about 10-15% in non-uremic @entity0 . This study goes beyond the well-known notion that @entity14 is associated with more severe @entity12 and shows that, in addition, the adaptation to coronary perfusion deficits is inappropriate. Recent clinical and autoptical studies in pre-dialysis and dialysis cohorts have documented increased intima and media thickness which appear early in the course of @entity2 ; Vascular wall thickening in @entity5 seems to be modified at least in part by parathyroidhormone (PTH) and @entity15 (ET-1) which are both elevated in @entity0 with @entity5 . In experimental @entity5 a direct effect of high @entity16 diet in arterial wall thickening was also documented. In addition to thickening of the vascular wall marked structural alterations were noted in @entity5 i.e. a decrease in elastic fibre content and an increase in extracellular matrix. Furthermore, increased calcification of @entity8 and of the media of the aorta and some peripheral arteries has been documented in @entity0 with @entity5 . Factors contributing to this increased calcification process may be deposition of abundant circulating @entity9 , microinflammation, oxidative stress, de novo expression of bone morphogenous proteins and lack of inhibitors of calcifcation. These changes in vascular wall composition may alter vessel elasticity and thus contribute to impaired vessel function in @entity5 . It is obvious from the above mentioned facts that @entity4 in the renal @entity0 is certainly multifaetorial in origin. There are, however, important issues to adress in the future, like (I) the characterization of vascular morphology in the different vascular beds, (II) the pathomechanisms of @entity11 as well as the potential beneficial effect of rigorous control of non-classical risk factors (i.e. high P or Ca x P, @entity3 , oxidative stress, etc.), (III) an additive or supraadditive effect of various classical and non-classical risk factors and (IV) the role of @entity1 in modifying these vascular alterations.

title: Special characteristics of XXXX in @entity5 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess (1) the clinical issues addressed during the medical encounter; (2) the feasibility of the process of shared decision-making in clinical practice and (3) @entity1 ' desires concerning the question of 'who should take the decision in @entity0 treatments?' DESIGN: Qualitative pilot study based on clinical encounters using decision boards and information booklets. SETTING: Centre L  on B  rard, a comprehensive @entity2 centre in the Rh  ne-Alpes region of France. @entity1 : One @entity0 surgeon and 22 @entity0 @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Analysis of @entity1 ' reactions to a shared decision-making process concerning surgery and chemotherapy, and analysis of its practical feasibility (i.e. duration of the consultations). RESULTS: (1) Twenty-one @entity1 participated in the decision regarding surgery; all chose conservative treatment; 15 @entity1 had their own say about chemotherapy (nine chose no chemotherapy, six chose chemotherapy). (2) Participating in treatment choice generated @entity3 for a majority of @entity1 . Some were dissatisfied because they had to make a choice and consequently to give up the other option. Finally, some were uncertain about making the right choice. Nevertheless, most were satisfied with the information given and the possibility of participating to the treatment decision-making process. (3) The total duration of the entire process of shared decision-making is consistent with the time spent with @entity1 with such a severe disease. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Most of the @entity1 expressed their satisfaction regarding the possibility to participate in treatment decision-making, knowing that offering treatment choice is very unusual in France. From this pilot study it appears that shared decision-making is feasible in clinical practice. Nevertheless, a quantitative study based on a large sample of @entity1 is necessary to: (1) confirm this hypothesis, (2) ensure that @entity1 are willing to participate in their treatment decision-making, and (3) measure the potential benefits related to this participation.

title: Clinical issues in shared decision-making applied to XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has been claimed to be essential to the vasoconstrictor action of @entity3 in @entity0 mesenteric blood vessels. Since @entity3 acts by releasing intracellular @entity2 , experiments have been performed using the perfused @entity0 superior mesenteric artery preparation to determine whether @entity7 synthesis is necessary for the direct vasoconstrictor action of @entity2 . 2. The cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors, @entity10 and @entity9 ( @entity11 ), inhibited responses to @entity3 and @entity2 but both were less effective in inhibiting the response to @entity2 than to @entity3 . 3. @entity4 (6 ng-20 micrograms/ml) failed to overcome the inhibitory effect of @entity10 (62 micrograms/ml) and ETA (10 micrograms/ml) on the response to the EC50 of @entity1 (100 micrograms/ml). The EC50 of @entity1 did not significantly increase @entity4 -like release by the blood vessels from the resulting value of 19 +/- 8 pg of @entity4 equivalents/min. 4. PGA1 (6 micrograms/ml) and the @entity5 A2 agonist, @entity6 (200 ng/ml), both caused full restoration of @entity10 -depressed responses to @entity2 , but did not restore responses depressed by ETA. @entity6 (200 ng/ml) also reversed the inhibitory effect of @entity8 (4 micrograms/ml) and caused a 1.6 fold potentiation of @entity1 responses. 5. The results do not support the hypothesis that @entity7 synthesis is essential to the vasoconstrictor action of @entity1 in @entity0 mesenteric blood vessels.

title: Evidence against the involvement of prostaglandins in the vasoconstrictor action of XXXX ion in @entity0 mesenteric blood vessels.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has been claimed to be essential to the vasoconstrictor action of @entity3 in @entity0 mesenteric blood vessels. Since @entity3 acts by releasing intracellular @entity2 , experiments have been performed using the perfused @entity0 superior mesenteric artery preparation to determine whether @entity7 synthesis is necessary for the direct vasoconstrictor action of @entity2 . 2. The cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors, @entity10 and @entity9 ( @entity11 ), inhibited responses to @entity3 and @entity2 but both were less effective in inhibiting the response to @entity2 than to @entity3 . 3. @entity4 (6 ng-20 micrograms/ml) failed to overcome the inhibitory effect of @entity10 (62 micrograms/ml) and ETA (10 micrograms/ml) on the response to the EC50 of @entity1 (100 micrograms/ml). The EC50 of @entity1 did not significantly increase @entity4 -like release by the blood vessels from the resulting value of 19 +/- 8 pg of @entity4 equivalents/min. 4. PGA1 (6 micrograms/ml) and the @entity5 A2 agonist, @entity6 (200 ng/ml), both caused full restoration of @entity10 -depressed responses to @entity2 , but did not restore responses depressed by ETA. @entity6 (200 ng/ml) also reversed the inhibitory effect of @entity8 (4 micrograms/ml) and caused a 1.6 fold potentiation of @entity1 responses. 5. The results do not support the hypothesis that @entity7 synthesis is essential to the vasoconstrictor action of @entity1 in @entity0 mesenteric blood vessels.

title: Evidence against the involvement of prostaglandins in the vasoconstrictor action of @entity2 ion in XXXX mesenteric blood vessels.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The finding of candiduria in a @entity0 with or without symptoms should be neither dismissed nor hastily treated, but requires a careful evaluation, which should proceed in a logical fashion. Symptoms of @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity5 , or @entity11 are little different from those of the same @entity3 produced by other pathogens. Candiduria occurring in @entity8 @entity0 should initially be regarded as a marker for the possibility of @entity1 . The first step in evaluation is to verify funguria by repeating the urinalysis and urine culture. @entity9 is a nonspecific finding; the morphology of the offending @entity4 may allow separation of @entity10 from other species. Candida casts in the urine are indicative of @entity2 but are rarely seen. With respect to culture, colony counts have not proved to be diagnostically useful. In symptomatic or @entity8 @entity0 with candiduria, ultrasonography of the kidneys and collecting systems is the preferred initial study. However, computed tomography (CT) is better able to discern @entity7 or @entity12 . The role of magnetic resonance imaging and renal scintigraphy is ill defined, and prudent physicians should consult with colleagues in the departments of radiology and urology to determine the optimal studies in candiduric @entity0 who require in-depth evaluation.

title: Candida urinary tract XXXX --diagnosis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. The vasoconstrictor responses of @entity0 @entity1 to periarterial electrical nerve stimulation (PNS; 30 s trains of pulses at a frequency of 2, 4 or 8 Hz) were observed in a frequency dependent manner. The PNS-induced vasoconstrictions were abolished by @entity4 (1 micromol/L) and mostly depressed but not completely by @entity6 (10 micromol/L). 2. Vasoconstrictor responses to administered @entity5 were antagonized significantly by @entity7 (0.1 micromol/L), an alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist, but were not significantly affected by @entity10 (100 micromol/L), a P2 purinoceptor antagonist, or @entity3 (1 micromol/L), a P2X receptor desensitizing agent. Exogenous @entity2 -induced responses were clearly depressed by @entity10 or @entity3 , but were not significantly affected by @entity7 . 3. The vasoconstrictor responses to PNS at a low frequency (2 and 4 Hz) of stimulation were markedly inhibited by @entity10 (100 micromol/L) and by @entity3 (1 micromol/L). The remaining responses after @entity10 or @entity3 were abolished by subsequent application of @entity7 (0.1 micromol/L). At a high frequency (8 Hz) of stimulation, the vascular response was not significantly inhibited by @entity10 or @entity3 , but it was abolished by @entity7 . 4. Injection of @entity9 (0.3-30 nmol/L), an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist, did not induce any clear vasoconstriction. The exposure of tissues to @entity8 (0.1-0.3 micromol/L), an alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist, dose-dependently increased PNS-induced vasoconstrictions at all frequencies tested. 5. The present results indicate that @entity2 acts as a cotransmitter with @entity5 and is responsible for post-junctional vasoconstrictor responses at low frequencies of sitmulation, whereas the effect of @entity5 is dominant at high-frequency stimulation in @entity0 @entity1 . Prejunctional alpha2-adrenoceptor autoinhibition may modulate the release of either @entity5 or @entity2 from sympathetic nerve terminals.

title: Purinergic and adrenergic cotransmission in @entity0 isolated and perfused XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. The vasoconstrictor responses of @entity0 @entity1 to periarterial electrical nerve stimulation (PNS; 30 s trains of pulses at a frequency of 2, 4 or 8 Hz) were observed in a frequency dependent manner. The PNS-induced vasoconstrictions were abolished by @entity4 (1 micromol/L) and mostly depressed but not completely by @entity6 (10 micromol/L). 2. Vasoconstrictor responses to administered @entity5 were antagonized significantly by @entity7 (0.1 micromol/L), an alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist, but were not significantly affected by @entity10 (100 micromol/L), a P2 purinoceptor antagonist, or @entity3 (1 micromol/L), a P2X receptor desensitizing agent. Exogenous @entity2 -induced responses were clearly depressed by @entity10 or @entity3 , but were not significantly affected by @entity7 . 3. The vasoconstrictor responses to PNS at a low frequency (2 and 4 Hz) of stimulation were markedly inhibited by @entity10 (100 micromol/L) and by @entity3 (1 micromol/L). The remaining responses after @entity10 or @entity3 were abolished by subsequent application of @entity7 (0.1 micromol/L). At a high frequency (8 Hz) of stimulation, the vascular response was not significantly inhibited by @entity10 or @entity3 , but it was abolished by @entity7 . 4. Injection of @entity9 (0.3-30 nmol/L), an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist, did not induce any clear vasoconstriction. The exposure of tissues to @entity8 (0.1-0.3 micromol/L), an alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist, dose-dependently increased PNS-induced vasoconstrictions at all frequencies tested. 5. The present results indicate that @entity2 acts as a cotransmitter with @entity5 and is responsible for post-junctional vasoconstrictor responses at low frequencies of sitmulation, whereas the effect of @entity5 is dominant at high-frequency stimulation in @entity0 @entity1 . Prejunctional alpha2-adrenoceptor autoinhibition may modulate the release of either @entity5 or @entity2 from sympathetic nerve terminals.

title: Purinergic and adrenergic cotransmission in XXXX isolated and perfused @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 refractory @entity1 is most commonly treated with intravenous @entity3 to avoid colectomy. In search for an alternative drug that can be administered orally we investigated oral @entity7 ( @entity7 ) for this indication. METHODS: Nine @entity0 with active, moderate/severe @entity2 refractory UC were treated with oral @entity7 with a daily dose of 0.15 mg/kg body weight. After @entity0 had responded @entity4 was added for long-term immunosuppression. RESULTS: All @entity0 responded within 1-2 weeks. After 12 weeks of @entity7 therapy six @entity0 (67%) were in complete remission, two @entity0 (22%) had mild to moderate disease activity, and one @entity0 (11%) underwent colectomy. After a mean follow up of 21 months six of the nine @entity0 (67%) had their colon in situ. Two @entity0 developed severe side-effects, one @entity6 with @entity5 , and one bicytopenia. Mild side-effects were common. CONCLUSION: Oral @entity7 may be an effective alternative to intravenous @entity3 for the therapy of @entity2 -refractory @entity1 . @entity0 receiving @entity7 need to be watched carefully for side-effects.

title: Effect of oral @entity7 ( @entity7 ) on @entity2 -refractory moderate/severe XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 refractory @entity1 is most commonly treated with intravenous @entity3 to avoid colectomy. In search for an alternative drug that can be administered orally we investigated oral @entity7 ( @entity7 ) for this indication. METHODS: Nine @entity0 with active, moderate/severe @entity2 refractory UC were treated with oral @entity7 with a daily dose of 0.15 mg/kg body weight. After @entity0 had responded @entity4 was added for long-term immunosuppression. RESULTS: All @entity0 responded within 1-2 weeks. After 12 weeks of @entity7 therapy six @entity0 (67%) were in complete remission, two @entity0 (22%) had mild to moderate disease activity, and one @entity0 (11%) underwent colectomy. After a mean follow up of 21 months six of the nine @entity0 (67%) had their colon in situ. Two @entity0 developed severe side-effects, one @entity6 with @entity5 , and one bicytopenia. Mild side-effects were common. CONCLUSION: Oral @entity7 may be an effective alternative to intravenous @entity3 for the therapy of @entity2 -refractory @entity1 . @entity0 receiving @entity7 need to be watched carefully for side-effects.

title: Effect of oral @entity7 ( @entity7 ) on XXXX -refractory moderate/severe @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 refractory @entity1 is most commonly treated with intravenous @entity3 to avoid colectomy. In search for an alternative drug that can be administered orally we investigated oral @entity7 ( @entity7 ) for this indication. METHODS: Nine @entity0 with active, moderate/severe @entity2 refractory UC were treated with oral @entity7 with a daily dose of 0.15 mg/kg body weight. After @entity0 had responded @entity4 was added for long-term immunosuppression. RESULTS: All @entity0 responded within 1-2 weeks. After 12 weeks of @entity7 therapy six @entity0 (67%) were in complete remission, two @entity0 (22%) had mild to moderate disease activity, and one @entity0 (11%) underwent colectomy. After a mean follow up of 21 months six of the nine @entity0 (67%) had their colon in situ. Two @entity0 developed severe side-effects, one @entity6 with @entity5 , and one bicytopenia. Mild side-effects were common. CONCLUSION: Oral @entity7 may be an effective alternative to intravenous @entity3 for the therapy of @entity2 -refractory @entity1 . @entity0 receiving @entity7 need to be watched carefully for side-effects.

title: Effect of oral XXXX ( @entity7 ) on @entity2 -refractory moderate/severe @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 refractory @entity1 is most commonly treated with intravenous @entity3 to avoid colectomy. In search for an alternative drug that can be administered orally we investigated oral @entity7 ( @entity7 ) for this indication. METHODS: Nine @entity0 with active, moderate/severe @entity2 refractory UC were treated with oral @entity7 with a daily dose of 0.15 mg/kg body weight. After @entity0 had responded @entity4 was added for long-term immunosuppression. RESULTS: All @entity0 responded within 1-2 weeks. After 12 weeks of @entity7 therapy six @entity0 (67%) were in complete remission, two @entity0 (22%) had mild to moderate disease activity, and one @entity0 (11%) underwent colectomy. After a mean follow up of 21 months six of the nine @entity0 (67%) had their colon in situ. Two @entity0 developed severe side-effects, one @entity6 with @entity5 , and one bicytopenia. Mild side-effects were common. CONCLUSION: Oral @entity7 may be an effective alternative to intravenous @entity3 for the therapy of @entity2 -refractory @entity1 . @entity0 receiving @entity7 need to be watched carefully for side-effects.

title: Effect of oral @entity7 ( XXXX ) on @entity2 -refractory moderate/severe @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity1 and @entity3 are both diseases of the mucosa. They can be cured by colectomy combined with selective mucosal proctectomy, without sacrifice of teh anal sphincters or damage to bladder or sexual function. Terminal ileum, either as a straight tube or in the form of a pouch, is drawn down through the denuded tube of anorectal muscle and anastomosed to the mid-anal canal. A temporary defunctioning ileostomy is always used. Caecum has also been used as a neorectum after mucosal proctectomy, but without long term success. Twenty-two @entity0 , 20 with @entity1 and 2 with @entity3 , have been treated by mucosal proctectomy in the past 4 years, with no mortality. The caeco-anal procedure proved a failure because of recurrence of @entity4 , although the early functional results were good. After ileo-anal @entity2 , continence was perfect by day, but 2 @entity0 had occasional lapses at night. The disadvantage of straight ileo-anal @entity2 is frequency of bowel action (6-9 times a day), even with codeine medication, although the @entity0 considered the operation a success. Some form of pelvic reservoir is therefore desirable and our early experience with the triplicated ileal pouch is encouraging.

title: The value of preserving the anal sphincter in operations for @entity1 and XXXX : a review of 22 mucosal proctectomies.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 and @entity3 are both diseases of the mucosa. They can be cured by colectomy combined with selective mucosal proctectomy, without sacrifice of teh anal sphincters or damage to bladder or sexual function. Terminal ileum, either as a straight tube or in the form of a pouch, is drawn down through the denuded tube of anorectal muscle and anastomosed to the mid-anal canal. A temporary defunctioning ileostomy is always used. Caecum has also been used as a neorectum after mucosal proctectomy, but without long term success. Twenty-two @entity0 , 20 with @entity1 and 2 with @entity3 , have been treated by mucosal proctectomy in the past 4 years, with no mortality. The caeco-anal procedure proved a failure because of recurrence of @entity4 , although the early functional results were good. After ileo-anal @entity2 , continence was perfect by day, but 2 @entity0 had occasional lapses at night. The disadvantage of straight ileo-anal @entity2 is frequency of bowel action (6-9 times a day), even with codeine medication, although the @entity0 considered the operation a success. Some form of pelvic reservoir is therefore desirable and our early experience with the triplicated ileal pouch is encouraging.

title: The value of preserving the anal sphincter in operations for XXXX and @entity3 : a review of 22 mucosal proctectomies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Races and Gm(23) allotypes can modify the serum levels of IgG subclasses. The average serum levels of IgG subclasses of African-Americans have been reported to be higher than those of Caucasians in both healthy young adults and @entity0 with @entity1 ; Gm(23)-positive subjects generally had higher IgG2 levels than Gm(23)-negative subjects. OBJECTIVE: We examined serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentrations in Taiwanese @entity0 with different forms of @entity2 . METHODS: The serum levels of four IgG subclasses were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Gm(23) allotypes were verified by radial immunodiffusion tests in 50 @entity0 with @entity3 , 30 @entity0 with @entity1 , and 74 healthy controls. RESULTS: There were no differences in the concentrations of four IgG subclasses in @entity0 with @entity3 compared with age-matched controls. However, in subjects younger than 35 years, levels of IgG2 were significantly elevated in @entity0 with @entity1 compared with controls. We also found significant differences in IgG2 levels within the control group when stratified by age (< or = 35 years and > 35 years). Gm(23) allotypes were not correlated with the serum levels of IgG2 in either @entity0 group. CONCLUSION: Microbial challenge might not provoke significant changes in systemic IgG response in @entity0 with @entity3 . However, in @entity0 with @entity1 , IgG2 levels were increased when compared with age-matched controls. Gm(23) allotypes had no influence on IgG2 levels in well-established generalized @entity3 or @entity1 .

title: Immunoglobulin G profiles in different forms of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Sequential electrocardiographic and hemodynamic changes were studied at rest and during symptom-limited bicycle exercise in oligo-asymptomatic @entity0 after @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The exercise tests were performed after the acute episode on days 29 +/- 4 (E1) and 62 +/- 6 (E2) in 128 @entity0 ; on days 37 +/- 5 (E1) and 380 +/- 4 (E3) in 97 @entity0 ; on days 37 +/- 4 (E1), 72 +/- 6 (E2) and 394 +/- 30 (E3) in 44 @entity0 . All @entity0 underwent an intensive physical training during the second month after the @entity2 . All groups showed a significant increase in work capacity and reduction in heart rate and rate-pressure product at similar work load (E2 and E3 vs. E1). These changes were independent from the level of exercise pulmonary wedge pressure (E-PWP). On the average a reduction of PWP was observed in more compromised @entity0 after training, which became more marked at 1 year. At similar work load 1 year after @entity2 the cardiac index reduced in less compromised @entity0 (E1-PWP greater than 30 mm Hg) while it remained unchanged in @entity0 with E1-PWP less than or equal to 30 mm Hg. Continuation or interruption of the physical training did not seem to affect the hemodynamic evolution. The incidence of @entity1 did not change from 1 month to 2 months and 1 year after @entity2 , while both incidence and amount of ST-segment elevation significantly decreased and the sum of R-wave voltages in 12 lead ECG increased at 1 year. In conclusion, oligo-asymptomatic @entity0 , trained and treated by drugs, trend to improve in the first year post- @entity3 .

title: Exercise hemodynamics 1 month, 2 months and 1 year after XXXX : prognostic considerations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between three types of bcr/abl fusion transcripts and clinical manifestation in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHOD: M-, m- and micro -bcr/abl fusion transcripts were detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique in 537 fresh bone marrow samples of @entity0 suspected @entity2 clinically. RESULTS: Of 573 @entity0 , 479 expressed M-bcr/abl transcripts, among whom 370 were in chronic phase (CP), and 109 in accelerated (AP)/blastic phase (BP). The percentages of @entity0 with b2a2 transcripts in CP and AP/BP were 32.4% (120/370) and 36.7% (40/109) (P > 0.05). The b2a2 transcript @entity0 in blastic crisis were 52.6% (10/19) for lymphoblastic and 33.3% (30/90) for @entity3 (P > 0.05). The platelet count of untreated @entity0 with b3a2 isoform [(485.9 +/- 333.8) x 10(9)/L, n = 125] was distinctly higher than those with b2a2 isoform [(380.5 +/- 321.9) x 10(9)/L, n = 62] (P < 0.05). 66.0% (31/47) and 64.4% (29/45) of the @entity0 in CP and AP/BP respectively co-expressed M- and m-bcr/abl transcripts (P > 0.05). One @entity0 expressed only m-bcr/abl transcript was of typical @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Both two micro -bcr/abl(+) @entity0 were of typical @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Almost all typical @entity2 @entity0 express M-bcr/abl transcripts, most of them coexpress M-bcr/abl and m-bcr/abl transcripts, a few possesses only micro -bcr/abl fusion gene. m-bcr/abl(+) are usually associated with @entity3 or @entity2 in @entity3 crisis besides @entity1 ( @entity1 ). @entity0 with b3a2 isoform are prone to higher platelet count before treatment.

title: [Study on relationship between different bcr/abl fusion transcripts and clinical manifestations in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the most common reasons for conversion in bariatric surgery is hepatomegaly caused by inadequate exposure of the proximal stomach. This study utilizes a novel nutritional supplement with a calorie-restricted diet to reduce liver volume preoperatively. METHODS: A consecutive series of morbidly @entity1 @entity0 consumed a nutritional supplement called Nuvista(  ) for 4 weeks preoperatively. Preoperatively, each @entity0 completed baseline demographics, blood work, urine @entity3 analysis, ultrasonography of the left lateral segment, and multiple questionnaires. At the time of surgery, these studies were repeated. Data were analyzed using a paired t-test and bivariate analysis where appropriate. A P<.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: Four @entity0 and 17 @entity0 were recruited with a mean preoperative weight and body mass index of 122.7  15.9    kg and 44.5  3.9, respectively. Mean preoperative liver volume of the left lateral segment was 562.5  291.3    cm(3). After 4 weeks of Nuvista, the mean weight and body mass index decreased significantly to 118.9  15.5    kg and 43.1  3.4, respectively (P<.001). The mean liver volume of the left lateral segment was significantly reduced to 299.9  162.1    cm(3) (P<.001). Mean @entity2 was 43.4%  17.2% (13.6%-81.9%, P<.05). Urinary @entity3 scores did not show any evidence of starvation. No preoperative factors correlated with @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Utilizing Nuvista, as part of a preoperative 4-week calorie-restricted regimen, significantly reduced lateral segment liver volume by 43.4%. This preoperative regimen incorporates healthy behavioral changes that are necessary to sustain long-term weight loss.

title: Preoperative XXXX utilizing a novel nutritional supplement.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Genetic and cellular heterogeneity is one of mechanisms involved in increasing @entity2 during @entity2 progression. Development of drug-resistant @entity2 cell subpopulations is a major problem in clinical oncology. Multi-drug resistant @entity2 cells survive when exposed to cytotoxic agents. Here, we studied in a three-dimensional (3D) coculture system, called "ex vivo nodules", how drug-resistant and sensitive @entity2 cells settle down in a 3D space. For this, we cocultured @entity3 -sensitive (MCF-7S) and -resistant (MCF-7R) @entity1 @entity0 cells in long term nodules. We showed that both types of cells are able to grow separately or in coculture until five weeks in spheroidal forms. MCF-7R cells did not loose their multi-drug resistance when cultured in nodules as measured by RT-PCR. Curiously, the exterior aspects of mixed (MCF-7S/ MCF-7R) nodules and MCF-7R nodules were similar whereas MCF-7S nodules were completely different. Nevertheless, morphologically these three nodule types were distinct, in particular in their density. Immunostaining showed that in mixed nodules, MCF-7R cells were arranged at the periphery, whereas the MCF-7S cells are in the central part of the nodules. Even if the mechanism of this arrangement remained unclear, this work shows that three-dimensional cell culture is well adapted to the study of the relationships between adhesion mechanisms and drug-resistance.

title: Spatial organization of three-dimensional cocultures of XXXX -sensitive and -resistant @entity1 @entity0 MCF-7 cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Genetic and cellular heterogeneity is one of mechanisms involved in increasing @entity2 during @entity2 progression. Development of drug-resistant @entity2 cell subpopulations is a major problem in clinical oncology. Multi-drug resistant @entity2 cells survive when exposed to cytotoxic agents. Here, we studied in a three-dimensional (3D) coculture system, called "ex vivo nodules", how drug-resistant and sensitive @entity2 cells settle down in a 3D space. For this, we cocultured @entity3 -sensitive (MCF-7S) and -resistant (MCF-7R) @entity1 @entity0 cells in long term nodules. We showed that both types of cells are able to grow separately or in coculture until five weeks in spheroidal forms. MCF-7R cells did not loose their multi-drug resistance when cultured in nodules as measured by RT-PCR. Curiously, the exterior aspects of mixed (MCF-7S/ MCF-7R) nodules and MCF-7R nodules were similar whereas MCF-7S nodules were completely different. Nevertheless, morphologically these three nodule types were distinct, in particular in their density. Immunostaining showed that in mixed nodules, MCF-7R cells were arranged at the periphery, whereas the MCF-7S cells are in the central part of the nodules. Even if the mechanism of this arrangement remained unclear, this work shows that three-dimensional cell culture is well adapted to the study of the relationships between adhesion mechanisms and drug-resistance.

title: Spatial organization of three-dimensional cocultures of @entity3 -sensitive and -resistant @entity1 XXXX MCF-7 cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Genetic and cellular heterogeneity is one of mechanisms involved in increasing @entity2 during @entity2 progression. Development of drug-resistant @entity2 cell subpopulations is a major problem in clinical oncology. Multi-drug resistant @entity2 cells survive when exposed to cytotoxic agents. Here, we studied in a three-dimensional (3D) coculture system, called "ex vivo nodules", how drug-resistant and sensitive @entity2 cells settle down in a 3D space. For this, we cocultured @entity3 -sensitive (MCF-7S) and -resistant (MCF-7R) @entity1 @entity0 cells in long term nodules. We showed that both types of cells are able to grow separately or in coculture until five weeks in spheroidal forms. MCF-7R cells did not loose their multi-drug resistance when cultured in nodules as measured by RT-PCR. Curiously, the exterior aspects of mixed (MCF-7S/ MCF-7R) nodules and MCF-7R nodules were similar whereas MCF-7S nodules were completely different. Nevertheless, morphologically these three nodule types were distinct, in particular in their density. Immunostaining showed that in mixed nodules, MCF-7R cells were arranged at the periphery, whereas the MCF-7S cells are in the central part of the nodules. Even if the mechanism of this arrangement remained unclear, this work shows that three-dimensional cell culture is well adapted to the study of the relationships between adhesion mechanisms and drug-resistance.

title: Spatial organization of three-dimensional cocultures of @entity3 -sensitive and -resistant XXXX @entity0 MCF-7 cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Groundwater, the only source of potable water for millions of @entity0 in Bangladesh during dry season, is often contaminated with @entity1 (As) above the allowable drinking water limit of 50  g/L. Testing well water--with @entity1 field test kits (FTKs)--and switching to safe-wells can effectively reduce exposure to As. FTKs are low cost, provide fast results, and are commercially available. There are between 10 and 11 million shallow tubewells in Bangladesh. Approximately, 5 million have been tested using FTKs. FTKs with color comparator rely on visual identification for generating qualitative results, which may not be highly reliable at the lower range because @entity0 eyes have low sensitivity in this range and sensitivity varies from @entity0 to @entity0 . The Wagtech Digital Arsenator does not suffer from this limitation and should, in theory, be able to generate quantitative, accurate, and reliable results. The instrument has a linear range of 0-100  g/L, an accuracy of    20% for the 50  g/L quality control standards, and a detection limit of about 4.4  g/L. All Arsenators employed in this investigation also displayed high bias for 50  g/L @entity1 standard and were calibrated in order to improve measurement accuracy and reliability. Analyses of 179 raw and 92 treated well waters in the field and in two analytical laboratories were found to be highly correlated with the Spearman rank correlation coefficient of >=  0.800, indicating that Arsenator results are perhaps nearly as accurate and reliable as those from analytical laboratories.

title: Validation of analysis of XXXX in water samples using Wagtech Digital Arsenator.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to explore the sensitivity and robustness of T2 mapping in the detection and quantification of early degenerative cartilage changes at the patella. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-two @entity0 (22 @entity0 , 20 @entity0 ) with a mean age of 30.3 years and a symptomatic cartilage defect of ICRS grade  <=2 were examined using a 3T MRI with an 8-channel knee coil. The cartilage lesion was graded based on high-resolution PD TSE and 3D isotropic TrueFISP images. T2 maps were calculated from a standard MESE-sequence, performed at the beginning and at the end of the scan (40min in-between). Depending on the defect size, a region-of-interest (ROI) analysis was performed on 1-3 consecutive slices. Mean T2 values for the deep, superficial, and global layer as well as the zonal variation were compared among defect grades (ANOVA, post hoc Duncan-test) and over time (Student's t-test). RESULTS: T2-measurements directly correlated with the extent of cartilage defect (ICRS grade) at all layers and at both time-points. However, correlations were closer for the second measurement at the end of the scan. In this unloaded state, differences in T2-values became more pronounced and were significant even between cartilage of normal appearance adjacent to the defect and healthy cartilage of control @entity0 (both ICRS grade 0). In contrast, there were no such differences among grades in the zonal variation at any time. CONCLUSION: T2 mapping might be a sensitive method for the detection of early cartilage @entity1 in the unloaded joint.

title: Quantitative T2 mapping of the patella at 3.0T is sensitive to early XXXX , but also to loading of the knee.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Neurophysiological assessment of the peripheral autonomic system is characterized by various limitations. An alternative approach to laser Doppler and venous plethymography is the assessment of the sympathetic vasomotor response of the radial artery obtained by continuous wave Doppler sonography. Nomogram data have been established and demonstrate the temporary disappearance of diastolic flow after coughing or deep inspiration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We assessed the sympathetic vasomotor response in 25 @entity0 (mean age 64 years, range 43-76) with @entity1 . The Doppler data were correlated with nerve conduction studies of the median and peroneal nerve, the extent of radiologically diagnosed media @entity3 , and compared with nomogram values (n = 41). RESULTS: Although similar mean flow velocities were found under baseline conditions, the flow pattern was characterized by higher pulsatility in the @entity1 group (resistance index [RI] 1.1 vs. 0.7). No significant difference in RI was observed after coughing. The latency of onset of the response was prolonged (2.1 vs. 1.5 s), while the duration of the response did not differ (18 vs. 15 s). Only the nerve conduction velocity of the peroneal nerve correlated inversely with the RI. The extent of radiologically proven @entity2 tended to correlate with the pulsatility of the baseline signal and the response latencies. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained by this study suggest the concurrent existence of reduced vessel elasticity due to media @entity3 and dysfunction of the autonomic vasomotor system.

title: Sympathetic vasomotor response of the radial artery in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Neurophysiological assessment of the peripheral autonomic system is characterized by various limitations. An alternative approach to laser Doppler and venous plethymography is the assessment of the sympathetic vasomotor response of the radial artery obtained by continuous wave Doppler sonography. Nomogram data have been established and demonstrate the temporary disappearance of diastolic flow after coughing or deep inspiration. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We assessed the sympathetic vasomotor response in 25 @entity0 (mean age 64 years, range 43-76) with @entity1 . The Doppler data were correlated with nerve conduction studies of the median and peroneal nerve, the extent of radiologically diagnosed media @entity3 , and compared with nomogram values (n = 41). RESULTS: Although similar mean flow velocities were found under baseline conditions, the flow pattern was characterized by higher pulsatility in the @entity1 group (resistance index [RI] 1.1 vs. 0.7). No significant difference in RI was observed after coughing. The latency of onset of the response was prolonged (2.1 vs. 1.5 s), while the duration of the response did not differ (18 vs. 15 s). Only the nerve conduction velocity of the peroneal nerve correlated inversely with the RI. The extent of radiologically proven @entity2 tended to correlate with the pulsatility of the baseline signal and the response latencies. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained by this study suggest the concurrent existence of reduced vessel elasticity due to media @entity3 and dysfunction of the autonomic vasomotor system.

title: Sympathetic vasomotor response of the radial artery in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: @entity10 ( @entity7 ) and @entity8 ( @entity9 ) are major hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds, respectively, from one herbal medicine, Danshen, which has been widely and successfully used for treating @entity2 in Asian countries. Because few studies have reported different molecular mechanisms between the different compounds in same herb, we investigate if separate molecular pathways are involved in cardioprotective effect by different active components of Danshen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used an acute @entity5 ( @entity5 ) model to compare the cardioprotective effects of @entity7 and @entity9 in @entity0 . Both @entity6 size and echocardiographic response were evaluated at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after surgery. Genes involved in @entity1 and in responses to @entity7 or @entity9 treatment in @entity1 hearts were identified by microarray analysis and verified by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS: Results showed that both @entity7 and @entity9 delay the development of @entity1 by decreasing @entity6 size and improving systolic function post @entity5 . Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated different kinetics and gene expression profiles by @entity7 and @entity9 . @entity7 acts in a later period after @entity1 , and its effect is probably mediated by downregulation of genes involved in oxidative stress, certain G-protein coupled receptor activities and apoptosis. On the other hand, @entity9 acts relatively early after @entity1 and its effect is at least in part mediated by inhibition of intracellular @entity4 , cell adhesion and alternative complement pathway. Strikingly, we found that @entity9 , a recently identified member of selective @entity3 receptor modifier (SERM), indeed regulates genes known to be involved in @entity3 metabolism post @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Although both @entity7 and @entity9 contribute to the cardioprotective effect of Danshen, there are significant mechanistic and temporal differences between the two: @entity9 acts at an early stage after @entity1 mainly by inhibition of intracellular @entity4 and cell adhesion pathways whereas @entity7 acts mainly by down-regulating apoptosis.

title: Differential cardioprotective effects of @entity10 and XXXX on acute @entity5 are mediated by unique signaling pathways.

answer: @entity8


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: @entity10 ( @entity7 ) and @entity8 ( @entity9 ) are major hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds, respectively, from one herbal medicine, Danshen, which has been widely and successfully used for treating @entity2 in Asian countries. Because few studies have reported different molecular mechanisms between the different compounds in same herb, we investigate if separate molecular pathways are involved in cardioprotective effect by different active components of Danshen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used an acute @entity5 ( @entity5 ) model to compare the cardioprotective effects of @entity7 and @entity9 in @entity0 . Both @entity6 size and echocardiographic response were evaluated at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after surgery. Genes involved in @entity1 and in responses to @entity7 or @entity9 treatment in @entity1 hearts were identified by microarray analysis and verified by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS: Results showed that both @entity7 and @entity9 delay the development of @entity1 by decreasing @entity6 size and improving systolic function post @entity5 . Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated different kinetics and gene expression profiles by @entity7 and @entity9 . @entity7 acts in a later period after @entity1 , and its effect is probably mediated by downregulation of genes involved in oxidative stress, certain G-protein coupled receptor activities and apoptosis. On the other hand, @entity9 acts relatively early after @entity1 and its effect is at least in part mediated by inhibition of intracellular @entity4 , cell adhesion and alternative complement pathway. Strikingly, we found that @entity9 , a recently identified member of selective @entity3 receptor modifier (SERM), indeed regulates genes known to be involved in @entity3 metabolism post @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Although both @entity7 and @entity9 contribute to the cardioprotective effect of Danshen, there are significant mechanistic and temporal differences between the two: @entity9 acts at an early stage after @entity1 mainly by inhibition of intracellular @entity4 and cell adhesion pathways whereas @entity7 acts mainly by down-regulating apoptosis.

title: Differential cardioprotective effects of XXXX and @entity8 on acute @entity5 are mediated by unique signaling pathways.

answer: @entity10


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: @entity10 ( @entity7 ) and @entity8 ( @entity9 ) are major hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds, respectively, from one herbal medicine, Danshen, which has been widely and successfully used for treating @entity2 in Asian countries. Because few studies have reported different molecular mechanisms between the different compounds in same herb, we investigate if separate molecular pathways are involved in cardioprotective effect by different active components of Danshen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used an acute @entity5 ( @entity5 ) model to compare the cardioprotective effects of @entity7 and @entity9 in @entity0 . Both @entity6 size and echocardiographic response were evaluated at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after surgery. Genes involved in @entity1 and in responses to @entity7 or @entity9 treatment in @entity1 hearts were identified by microarray analysis and verified by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS: Results showed that both @entity7 and @entity9 delay the development of @entity1 by decreasing @entity6 size and improving systolic function post @entity5 . Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated different kinetics and gene expression profiles by @entity7 and @entity9 . @entity7 acts in a later period after @entity1 , and its effect is probably mediated by downregulation of genes involved in oxidative stress, certain G-protein coupled receptor activities and apoptosis. On the other hand, @entity9 acts relatively early after @entity1 and its effect is at least in part mediated by inhibition of intracellular @entity4 , cell adhesion and alternative complement pathway. Strikingly, we found that @entity9 , a recently identified member of selective @entity3 receptor modifier (SERM), indeed regulates genes known to be involved in @entity3 metabolism post @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Although both @entity7 and @entity9 contribute to the cardioprotective effect of Danshen, there are significant mechanistic and temporal differences between the two: @entity9 acts at an early stage after @entity1 mainly by inhibition of intracellular @entity4 and cell adhesion pathways whereas @entity7 acts mainly by down-regulating apoptosis.

title: Differential cardioprotective effects of @entity10 and @entity8 on acute XXXX are mediated by unique signaling pathways.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the rates of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in a sample of young @entity0 in San Diego County and examine potential predictors of a positive @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: Latino and foreign-born students from ten public middle and high schools were invited to screenings along with a random 10% sample of all other students. After obtaining parental consent, Mantoux tests were placed (N=2,698) and read (n=2,667 [98.9%]) in 48-72 hours. A positive @entity1 was defined as > or =10 mm induration. The mean age of the sample was 14.34 years (SD=1.81); 50.1% were female (n=1,353); 78.5% were Latino (n=2,108); 35.7% were foreign-born (n=939); and 44.3% were uninsured (n=930). RESULTS: The positive @entity1 rate for Latinos was 21.8% vs. 5.6% for non-Latinos, p<0.001. Foreign-born Latinos had the highest @entity2 rate (31.3%), followed by foreign-born non-Latinos (20.4%), U.S.-born Latinos (15.4%), and U.S.-born non-Latinos (1.0%), p<0.001. Logistic regression was conducted to determine predictors of @entity1 positivity. Being Latino (odds ratio [OR]=3.27), uninsured (OR=1.60), foreign-born (OR=3.90), and living in the south county region closest to the U.S./Mexico border (OR=2.72) were significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that Latino youth near the @entity3 are at high risk for @entity2 , for remaining undiagnosed, and for being under-treated for @entity2 .

title: Screening Latino adolescents for latent tuberculosis infection ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The conflict between the anatomist and biologist surgeons is exemplified by the debate about subtrochanteric @entity1 . Closed intramedullary nailing is biologically friendly but may result in prolonged procedures and malunion. By contrast, accurate anatomical open reduction may disturb the biological composition of the @entity2 environment. METHODS: There were 17 @entity0 at our institution over a 2-year period whose long oblique @entity1 would not reduce perfectly in an anatomical fashion using closed methods. All these @entity0 had their @entity2 treated identically using a new policy at our unit. This strategy involved reduction of the @entity2 through an open approach, and then employing cerclage cables to stabilise the @entity2 in an anatomical position before finally inserting a cephalomedullary nail. These @entity0 were retrospectively reviewed at an average of 18 months postoperatively, to assess their progressive functional and radiological outcome up to that point. RESULTS: One @entity0 had nonunion and required a secondary procedure. One @entity0 died 8 days postoperatively from a medical complication. The remaining 15 healed within 6 months and all returned to independent living. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate that judicious use of cerclage cables to augment fixation of subtrochanteric femur @entity2 does not have a deleterious effect on healing. One should endeavour, however, to minimise the number of cables used. The basic science literature underpinning our approach to these unstable @entity2 is also discussed.

title: XXXX treated with cerclage cables and long cephalomedullary nails: a review of 17 consecutive cases over 2 years.

answer: @entity1


abstract: There is controversy about how @entity1 care should be provided to @entity0 in remote and rural areas. The aim of this project was to measure consensus among health professionals who treat rural @entity0 with @entity1 about priorities for @entity1 care. A modified Delphi process was used. Of 78 health professionals in Grampian, 62 responded (79%). Of 49 items suggested, there was agreement on 26 (53%), encompassing fast access to diagnosis, high-quality specialist treatment, and well-coordinated delivery of care with good and fast communication and effective team working between all health professionals involved. Specialist oncology nurses in local hospitals were considered a priority along with good facilities, accommodation, and transport for @entity0 . There was no agreement on the best location for chemotherapy (local or central). The only large difference of opinion between @entity0 based in primary and secondary care concerned chemotherapy provision at local community hospitals (primary care was in favour, hospital practitioners against, P_<0.001). In making their decisions, @entity0 took problems of access into account, but were also concerned with quality of care and feasibility in the current health service. Our findings show that more evidence is needed regarding the balance of risks and benefits of local chemotherapy provision. Overall, however, there is agreement on many principles for @entity1 care that could be translated into practice.

title: Providing XXXX services to remote and rural areas: consensus study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The deposition of proteins in the form of amyloid fibrils and plaques is the characteristic feature of more than 20 degenerative conditions affecting either the central nervous system or a variety of peripheral tissues. As these conditions include @entity5 , several forms of fatal @entity6 , and at least one condition associated with medical intervention (haemodialysis), they are of enormous importance in the context of present-day @entity0 health and welfare. Much remains to be learned about the mechanism by which the proteins associated with these diseases aggregate and form amyloid structures, and how the latter affect the functions of the organs with which they are associated. A great deal of information concerning these diseases has emerged, however, during the past 5 years, much of it causing a number of fundamental assumptions about the @entity2 to be re-examined. For example, it is now apparent that the ability to form amyloid structures is not an unusual feature of the small number of proteins associated with these diseases but is instead a general property of polypeptide chains. It has also been found recently that aggregates of proteins not associated with @entity2 can impair the ability of cells to function to a similar extent as aggregates of proteins linked with specific neurodegenerative conditions. Moreover, the mature amyloid fibrils or plaques appear to be substantially less toxic than the pre-fibrillar aggregates that are their precursors. The @entity3 of these early aggregates appears to result from an intrinsic ability to impair fundamental cellular processes by interacting with cellular membranes, causing oxidative stress and increases in free @entity4 that eventually lead to apoptotic or @entity1 cell death. The 'new view' of these diseases also suggests that other degenerative conditions could have similar underlying origins to those of the amyloidoses. In addition, cellular protection mechanisms, such as molecular chaperones and the protein degradation machinery, appear to be crucial in the prevention of disease in normally functioning living organisms. It also suggests some intriguing new factors that could be of great significance in the evolution of biological molecules and the mechanisms that regulate their behaviour.

title: Protein aggregation and aggregate XXXX : new insights into protein folding, misfolding diseases and biological evolution.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In a @entity8 family from Denmark, we identified a novel intragenic duplication of 9 @entity5 in exon-2 of the @entity0 @entity9 ( @entity9 ) gene ( @entity10 ) which at the @entity2 level resulted in the insertion of 3 @entity4 within the activation peptide of @entity9 ( @entity11 ). The aim of the present study was to characterize the effect of this unique genetic alteration on the function of @entity0 @entity9 . METHODS: Wild-type and mutant cationic trypsinogens were produced recombinantly and purified to homogeneity. Trypsinogen activation was followed by enzymatic assays and @entity7 - @entity6 gel electrophoresis. Trypsinogen secretion was measured from transfected HEK 293T cells. RESULTS: Recombinant @entity9 carrying the @entity11 mutation exhibited greater than 10-fold increased autoactivation. Activation by @entity0 @entity1 also was accelerated by 10-fold. Secretion of the @entity11 mutant from transfected cells was diminished, consistent with intracellular autoactivation. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of an intragenic duplication within the @entity9 gene causing @entity8 . The accelerated activation of @entity11 by @entity1 is a unique biochemical property not found in any other @entity3 -associated trypsinogen mutant. In contrast, the robust autoactivation of the novel mutant confirms the notion that increased autoactivation is a disease-relevant mechanism in @entity8 .

title: Intragenic duplication: a novel mutational mechanism in XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Purinergic ionotropic P2X(7) receptor is widely distributed in brain. Strong evidence suggests that this receptor is related to inflammatory and neurodegenerative changes in many pathological states of central nervous system (CNS), including @entity0 ( @entity0 ). @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is the commonly used animal model of @entity0 . In this study we investigate the expression of P2X(7)R protein in @entity2 brain in the symptomatic phase of @entity3 (day 10 post immunization) and after reversion of @entity1 (day 20 p.i.). We found the increased level of P2X(7)R protein in brain homogenates of @entity3 @entity2 in both examined time windows. Immunohistochemical study revealed enhanced receptor's immunoreactivity. Immunoblots done with isolated cellular brain fractions indicated that the P2X(7)R overexpression is related to synaptosomal fraction in the symptomatic phase and to the glial ( @entity4 ) fraction in the recovery phase of @entity3 . Concomitantly, we noticed overexpression of astroglial marker GFAP in brain homogenates and astroglial fraction ( @entity4 ), so as its enhanced immunoreactivity in brain sections (10 days p.i.) which did not decline to control values in the recovery phase, similarly to P2X(7)R expression. Results suggest the involvement of P2X(7)R-mediated signaling in the pathomechanisms of @entity3 with the possible relevance of astrocytic pool of cells.

title: Expression of purinergic P2X7 receptor in XXXX brain during the symptomatic phase of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and after recovery of neurological deficits.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the emotional and @entity1 of orphans in Rakai District, Uganda, and to suggest interventions. Studies, elsewhere, have shown orphans to have high levels of @entity2 . However, in Uganda such studies are limited and no specific interventions have been suggested. METHODS: The study employed a cross-sectional unmatched case control design to compare emotional and @entity1 of 210 randomly selected primary school-going orphans and 210 non-orphans using quantitative and qualitative methods employing standardized questionnaires, Focus Group discussions and selected Key Informant interviews. All @entity0 were administered Rutter's @entity0 's Teacher Administered Behavior Questionnaire to measure @entity2 and a modified version of Cooper's Self-Report Measure for Social Adjustment. Standardized psychiatric assessments were done on @entity0 scoring > 9 on the Rutter's Scale, using the WHO-ICD-10 diagnostic checklists. RESULTS: Both orphans and non-orphans had high levels of @entity2 as measured using Rutter's questionnaire but with no significant statistical difference between the two groups (Rutter score > 9; 45.1% _ 36.5% respectively; p= 0.10) and no major @entity1 such as @entity3 , major affective or organic mental syndromes. Psychological distress was associated with poor academic performance (p=0.00) in both groups. More orphans than non-orphans had more common emotional and @entity1 , e.g., more orphans reported finding "life unfair and difficult" (p=0.03); 8.3% orphans compared to 5.1 % of the non-orphans reported having had past suicidal wishes (p=0.30) and more reported past "forced @entity4 " (p=0.05). Lastly, the orphans' social functioning in the family rated significantly worse compared to the non-orphans (p= 0.05). Qualitatively, orphans, compared to non-orphans were described as "needy, sensitive, isolative with low confidence and self-esteem and who often lacked love, protection, identity, security, play, food and shelter." Most lived in big poor families with few resources, faced stigma and were frequently relocated. Community resources were inadequate. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, more orphans compared to non-orphans exhibited common emotional and @entity1 but no major @entity1 . Orphans were more likely to be emotionally needy, insecure, poor, exploited, abused, or neglected. Most lived in poverty with elderly widowed female caretakers. They showed high resilience in coping. To comprehensively address these problems, we recommend setting up a National Policy and Support Services for Orphans and Other Vulnerable @entity0 and their families, a National @entity0 Protection Agency for all @entity0 , @entity0 Guidance Counselors in those schools with many orphans and lastly social skills training for all @entity0 .

title: A comparison of the XXXX of primary school-going orphans and non-orphans in Uganda.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The co-occurrence of @entity8 as an idiopathic condition has only rarely been reported. We report a series of @entity0 with @entity5 and persistent @entity8 , with the aim of determining the prevalence and clinical characteristics of this syndrome. METHODS: Analysis of clinical database of @entity0 with @entity4 . RESULTS: From our database of 224 @entity0 with @entity5 , 20 had co-occurrence of @entity8 as a @entity2 . Six @entity0 had @entity9 , and 2 had idiopathic chronic motor/phonic @entity5 . Twelve of the 20 had adult onset of @entity5 (9 with motor/phonic @entity5 and 3 with motor @entity5 ). @entity8 was focal in 12 @entity0 (cervical most common) and segmental in 8. A sensory geste was present in 8. Mean age of tic onset and @entity8 was 28.3    19.7 and 40.5    15.3 years, respectively. Tics preceded @entity8 in 12, @entity8 preceded @entity5 in 4, and 1 @entity0 had simultaneous onset of @entity8 . In 3 @entity0 , symptoms' sequence could not be determined. Only 8 @entity0 required treatment for their @entity5 . Botulinum toxin was the mainstay of @entity8 treatment (16 @entity0 ), whereas 6 received @entity10 . Six @entity0 each had @entity3 and @entity7 , and 5 had @entity1 and @entity6 . DISCUSSION: We have further characterized the syndrome of a primary condition of @entity5 associated with persistent focal @entity8 . Apart from the presence of @entity8 , our data suggest that these @entity0 are differentiated from pure @entity4 by a later age of onset, lesser severity of @entity5 , and lower frequency of associated features.

title: The clinical syndrome of primary @entity4 associated with XXXX : a large clinical series and a review of the literature.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: The co-occurrence of @entity8 as an idiopathic condition has only rarely been reported. We report a series of @entity0 with @entity5 and persistent @entity8 , with the aim of determining the prevalence and clinical characteristics of this syndrome. METHODS: Analysis of clinical database of @entity0 with @entity4 . RESULTS: From our database of 224 @entity0 with @entity5 , 20 had co-occurrence of @entity8 as a @entity2 . Six @entity0 had @entity9 , and 2 had idiopathic chronic motor/phonic @entity5 . Twelve of the 20 had adult onset of @entity5 (9 with motor/phonic @entity5 and 3 with motor @entity5 ). @entity8 was focal in 12 @entity0 (cervical most common) and segmental in 8. A sensory geste was present in 8. Mean age of tic onset and @entity8 was 28.3    19.7 and 40.5    15.3 years, respectively. Tics preceded @entity8 in 12, @entity8 preceded @entity5 in 4, and 1 @entity0 had simultaneous onset of @entity8 . In 3 @entity0 , symptoms' sequence could not be determined. Only 8 @entity0 required treatment for their @entity5 . Botulinum toxin was the mainstay of @entity8 treatment (16 @entity0 ), whereas 6 received @entity10 . Six @entity0 each had @entity3 and @entity7 , and 5 had @entity1 and @entity6 . DISCUSSION: We have further characterized the syndrome of a primary condition of @entity5 associated with persistent focal @entity8 . Apart from the presence of @entity8 , our data suggest that these @entity0 are differentiated from pure @entity4 by a later age of onset, lesser severity of @entity5 , and lower frequency of associated features.

title: The clinical syndrome of primary XXXX associated with @entity8 : a large clinical series and a review of the literature.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine whether or not over-activation of calpains during running exercise or tetanic contractions was a major factor to induce @entity0 in @entity2 . Relationship between the degrees of desmin degradation and @entity0 was also elucidated. We observed ultrastructural changes in soleus muscle fibers after 4-week unloading with or without running exercise. Calpain activity and desmin degradation were measured in atrophic soleus muscles before or after repeated @entity1 in vitro. @entity4 activity was progressively increased and desmin degradation was correspondingly elevated in 1-, 2-, and 4-week of unloaded soleus muscles. @entity4 activity and desmin degradation had an additional increase in unloaded soleus muscles after repeated @entity1 in vitro. @entity5 , an inhibitor of calpains, reduced calpain activity and desmin degradation during tetanic contractions in unloaded soleus muscles. The 4-week unloading decreased the width of myofibrils and Z-disk in soleus fibers. After running exercise in unloaded group, Z-disks of adjacent myofibrils were not well in register but instead were longitudinally displaced. Calpain inhibition compromised exercise-induced misalignment of the Z-disks in @entity2 . These results suggest that tetanic contractions induce an over-activation of calpains which lead to higher degrees of desmin degradation in unloaded soleus muscle. Desmin degradation may loose connections between adjacent myofibrils, whereas running exercise results in @entity3 in unloaded soleus muscle.

title: Tetanic contractions impair sarcomeric Z-disk of XXXX via calpain pathway.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To test whether the rates of in-hospital mortality, complications, and transfusions are higher in @entity0 treated with cytoreductive nephrectomy (CNT) for metastatic @entity1 (mRCC) relative to @entity0 treated with nephrectomy (NT) for non-mRCC. METHODS: We assessed 17,688 @entity0 treated with a NT between years 1999 and 2008, within the Florida Inpatient Database. Chi-square and Student t-tests were used to compare the statistical significance of differences in proportions and means, respectively. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses tested the relationship between surgery type (CNT vs. NT) and three end points: in-hospital mortality, complications, and transfusions. RESULTS: Overall, 6.0% of @entity0 underwent CNT. The rates of in-hospital mortality, complications, and transfusions were 2.4, 26.5, and 24.3% in CNT @entity0 versus 0.9, 18.9, and 11.1% in NT @entity0 . At multivariable analyses, CNT @entity0 demonstrated a 2.0-, 1.3-, and 2.4-fold higher risk of in-hospital mortality, complications, and transfusions (all P < 0.001). Similarly, more advanced age, comorbidity, and the cumulative number of secondary surgical procedures were independent predictors of a higher risk of in-hospital mortality, complications, and transfusions (all P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The rate of in-hospital mortality, complications, and transfusions is higher in @entity0 treated with CNT relative to NT. Older age, higher comorbidity, and the necessity of secondary surgical procedures further increases the risk of all aforementioned end points. Physicians should consider these observations during the planning of a CNT, and @entity0 should be informed accordingly.

title: Mortality and morbidity after cytoreductive nephrectomy for metastatic XXXX : a population-based study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although @entity8 are sometimes suspected in "imaging-negative" @entity0 with video EEG confirmed unilateral focal @entity4 suggestive of @entity10 ( @entity10 ), amygdala asymmetry is difficult to assess visually. This study examined a group of "imaging-negative" @entity10 @entity0 , estimating amygdala volumes, to determine whether @entity2 might be detected. METHODS: Review of video EEG monitoring data yielded 11 @entity0 with EEG lateralised @entity10 and normal structural imaging. Amygdala volumes were estimated in this group, in 77 @entity0 with pathologically verified @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and in 77 controls. RESULTS: Seven of 11 "imaging-negative" cases had both significant amygdala asymmetry and @entity9 , concordant with @entity5 lateralisation. Although significant amygdala asymmetry occurred in 35 of 77 @entity3 @entity0 , it was never attributable to an @entity6 . Compared with @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity0 with @entity9 were less likely to have suffered secondarily generalised @entity5 (p<0.05), and had an older age of @entity5 onset (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Abnormal @entity9 is reported in seven cases of "imaging-negative" @entity10 . Such abnormalities are not observed in @entity0 with @entity3 . It is postulated that @entity9 may be attributable to a @entity7 or low grade @entity1 . It is suggested that amygdala volumetry is indicated in the investigation and diagnosis of "imaging-negative" @entity10 .

title: Amygdala volumetry in "imaging-negative" XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ), normally activated by Janus kinase (JAK) in response to cytokine stimulation, has been shown to have oncogenic potential. In addition to JAK, recent data suggest that @entity6 can also be activated by other proteins such as the aberrant fusion protein, NPM- @entity7 , which is expressed in a subset of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). In this study, we investigated the possible role of JAK in activating @entity6 in @entity5 using two @entity7 -positive @entity5 cell lines, Karpas 299 and SU-DHL-1. At the steady state, @entity8 showed detectable @entity2 phosphorylation by immunoprecipitation. Treatment with @entity10 , a JAK inhibitor, decreased but did not completely abrogate @entity2 phosphorylation of @entity8 and @entity6 in a concentration-dependent manner. Similar results were obtained using two other inhibitors of @entity8 , WHI-P131 and WHI-P154. These biochemical changes were associated with apoptosis in both cell lines that was coupled with activation of @entity0 and decreased @entity4 and @entity1 . Cell cycle analysis revealed a decrease in the S phase, which may be attributed to @entity9 downregulation and @entity3 ) upregulation. Importantly, the @entity2 kinase activity of NPM- @entity7 , as assessed by an in vitro assay, decreased with increasing concentrations of @entity10 . Our findings highlight the importance of @entity8 in activating @entity6 in @entity5 , and that NPM- @entity7 -mediated activation of @entity6 is influenced by the functional status of @entity8 .

title: Inhibition of XXXX induces apoptosis and decreases anaplastic lymphoma kinase activity in @entity5 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ), normally activated by Janus kinase (JAK) in response to cytokine stimulation, has been shown to have oncogenic potential. In addition to JAK, recent data suggest that @entity6 can also be activated by other proteins such as the aberrant fusion protein, NPM- @entity7 , which is expressed in a subset of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). In this study, we investigated the possible role of JAK in activating @entity6 in @entity5 using two @entity7 -positive @entity5 cell lines, Karpas 299 and SU-DHL-1. At the steady state, @entity8 showed detectable @entity2 phosphorylation by immunoprecipitation. Treatment with @entity10 , a JAK inhibitor, decreased but did not completely abrogate @entity2 phosphorylation of @entity8 and @entity6 in a concentration-dependent manner. Similar results were obtained using two other inhibitors of @entity8 , WHI-P131 and WHI-P154. These biochemical changes were associated with apoptosis in both cell lines that was coupled with activation of @entity0 and decreased @entity4 and @entity1 . Cell cycle analysis revealed a decrease in the S phase, which may be attributed to @entity9 downregulation and @entity3 ) upregulation. Importantly, the @entity2 kinase activity of NPM- @entity7 , as assessed by an in vitro assay, decreased with increasing concentrations of @entity10 . Our findings highlight the importance of @entity8 in activating @entity6 in @entity5 , and that NPM- @entity7 -mediated activation of @entity6 is influenced by the functional status of @entity8 .

title: Inhibition of @entity8 induces apoptosis and decreases anaplastic lymphoma kinase activity in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is growing evidence that adolescent workers are at greater risk for @entity1 . AIMS: To investigate the severity of @entity1 across age groups. METHODS: Workers' compensation records were used to examine work related @entity1 among adolescents (15-19 years old), young adults (20-24 years old), and adults (25+ years old) between 1993 and 2000. The incidence of compensated @entity1 was calculated for each age group and compared by gender, industry, and @entity1 . The presence and degree of @entity0 in each age group was also examined. RESULTS: For males, adolescents and young adults had higher claim rates than adults. For females, adults had the highest claim rates and young adults the lowest. Rates of @entity0 indicated that age was positively associated with severity of injury. CONCLUSIONS: Indicators of health consequences, in particular presence of @entity0 , provide preliminary evidence that compensated @entity1 sustained by youth are not as serious as @entity1 sustained by adults. Nevertheless, there was evidence that some young workers sustain @entity1 that have long term consequences. Documenting the consequences of the @entity1 that young workers sustain has implications for secondary prevention efforts and health services policy.

title: Age related differences in work XXXX : a comparison of workers' compensation claims among adolescents, young adults, and adults.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine the role of high-definition computed tomography (CT) in @entity1 media (COM) @entity0 and to present which parameters were useful or misleading for preoperative evaluation for management. Fifty cases of COM that underwent preoperative CT scanning at a tertiary referral center were retrospectively analyzed. Their CT scan reports were compared with the operative findings. The @entity0 had undergone tympanoplasty with or without mastoidectomy for COM between April 2008 and January 2010. @entity0 charts were used to obtain the necessary data. In 62% (31/50) of cases, the CT scan showed the presence of @entity3 . Operative findings revealed @entity3 in 61.8% (19/31) of these cases. However, when a bone eroding soft tissue mass involved the epitympanum on CT, the presence of @entity3 was observed in 83.3% (15/18) of cases intraoperatively. @entity3 was present in the mastoid or middle ear intraoperatively in 77.7% (7/9) of @entity0 with an external ear bony @entity2 found on CT. Despite 89.7, 85.29, and 90% agreement ratios for dehiscence of facial canal, lateral semicircular canal, and tegmen, respectively, CT could not detect dehiscence of these anatomic structures successfully. Based on these results, CT scanning has limitations but is a useful adjunct for the surgical management of COM @entity0 .

title: The role of computed tomography scanning in XXXX media.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Deep seawater (DSW) utilization technology has been developed for the fields of medicine and health, among others. To clarify the health effects of DSW as compared with surface seawater (SSW) or tap water (TW), we investigated the changes of immune cell distribution of the peripheral blood, or subjective judgment scores, after hot water bathing. METHODS: Ten healthy young @entity0 were immersed for 10 min in DSW, SSW and TW heated to 42  C. Blood samples were collected before bathing, immediately after bathing and 60 min after bathing. Total and differential numbers of leucocytes and lymphocyte subsets (CD3, @entity1 , @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity4 ) were examined using an automated hematology analyzer and a flow cytometer, respectively. The subjective judgment scores were obtained by an oral comprehension test. RESULTS: Since the pre-bathing leukocyte count in the TW group was significantly different from those in the DSW and SSW groups, we excluded the findings of TW bathing from consideration. In hot DSW bathing, @entity2 -lymphocytes increased significantly immediately after bathing (p<0.05), in contrast to hot SSW bathing, in which no significant changes were detected in the lymphocyte subsets. Additionally, there were no significant changes between repeated measurements in the subjective judgment scores, though the score of thermal sensation in SSW bathing showed a significantly higher value immediately after bathing than before bathing (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that increased @entity2 -lymphocytes in hot DSW bathing may improve @entity0 immune function as well as hot springs do, as compared with SSW bathing. Although hot DSW bathing may have the ability to change @entity0 immune cell distribution, well-designed studies are needed to clarify the health effects including not only DSW and SSW but also TW.

title: Effects of hot deep seawater bathing on the immune cell distribution in peripheral blood from healthy young XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The present study was designed to determine whether @entity3 (NE) mediate endothelium-dependent relaxations in arteries of the pulmonary vasculature of cold-acclimated @entity0 . Twenty male @entity0 comprising two groups (Cold-acclimated for 12 weeks at 6  C, CA; Warm-acclimated for 12 weeks at 24   C, WA) were used. After anesthesia, the @entity1 (4 mm long) was isolated. Pulmonary artery with and without endothelium were suspended for isometric force measurements in a buffered salt solution. The doseresponse relations for the vascular responses to the isolated @entity1 to @entity3 (NE), @entity5 (PE) and @entity2 (Ach) were determined and compared in the CA group and the WA group. In the CA group, the vascular sensitivities to NE and PE-induced @entity4 in the @entity1 was significantly lowered than that in the WA group. NE and PE-induced contractions were significandy greater in endotheliumdenuded compared with endothelium-intact arteries. These differences of @entity4 responses to NE and PE between arteries with widiout endothelium were significantly greater in the CA group than in the WA group. There was no significant difference between the pulmonary arterial response to Ach in the CA group and that in the WA group. Our data suggest that chronic exposure to cold show decreased NE and PE-induced @entity4 responses in isolated pulmonary arteries and may decrease NE-induced @entity4 responses due to enhancing NE-induced endodielium derived relaxing factor release via up-regulating endothelial a-adrenoceptors.

title: Increase of XXXX -induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of @entity1 in @entity0 after chronic exposure to cold.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The present study was designed to determine whether @entity3 (NE) mediate endothelium-dependent relaxations in arteries of the pulmonary vasculature of cold-acclimated @entity0 . Twenty male @entity0 comprising two groups (Cold-acclimated for 12 weeks at 6  C, CA; Warm-acclimated for 12 weeks at 24   C, WA) were used. After anesthesia, the @entity1 (4 mm long) was isolated. Pulmonary artery with and without endothelium were suspended for isometric force measurements in a buffered salt solution. The doseresponse relations for the vascular responses to the isolated @entity1 to @entity3 (NE), @entity5 (PE) and @entity2 (Ach) were determined and compared in the CA group and the WA group. In the CA group, the vascular sensitivities to NE and PE-induced @entity4 in the @entity1 was significantly lowered than that in the WA group. NE and PE-induced contractions were significandy greater in endotheliumdenuded compared with endothelium-intact arteries. These differences of @entity4 responses to NE and PE between arteries with widiout endothelium were significantly greater in the CA group than in the WA group. There was no significant difference between the pulmonary arterial response to Ach in the CA group and that in the WA group. Our data suggest that chronic exposure to cold show decreased NE and PE-induced @entity4 responses in isolated pulmonary arteries and may decrease NE-induced @entity4 responses due to enhancing NE-induced endodielium derived relaxing factor release via up-regulating endothelial a-adrenoceptors.

title: Increase of @entity3 -induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of XXXX in @entity0 after chronic exposure to cold.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The present study was designed to determine whether @entity3 (NE) mediate endothelium-dependent relaxations in arteries of the pulmonary vasculature of cold-acclimated @entity0 . Twenty male @entity0 comprising two groups (Cold-acclimated for 12 weeks at 6  C, CA; Warm-acclimated for 12 weeks at 24   C, WA) were used. After anesthesia, the @entity1 (4 mm long) was isolated. Pulmonary artery with and without endothelium were suspended for isometric force measurements in a buffered salt solution. The doseresponse relations for the vascular responses to the isolated @entity1 to @entity3 (NE), @entity5 (PE) and @entity2 (Ach) were determined and compared in the CA group and the WA group. In the CA group, the vascular sensitivities to NE and PE-induced @entity4 in the @entity1 was significantly lowered than that in the WA group. NE and PE-induced contractions were significandy greater in endotheliumdenuded compared with endothelium-intact arteries. These differences of @entity4 responses to NE and PE between arteries with widiout endothelium were significantly greater in the CA group than in the WA group. There was no significant difference between the pulmonary arterial response to Ach in the CA group and that in the WA group. Our data suggest that chronic exposure to cold show decreased NE and PE-induced @entity4 responses in isolated pulmonary arteries and may decrease NE-induced @entity4 responses due to enhancing NE-induced endodielium derived relaxing factor release via up-regulating endothelial a-adrenoceptors.

title: Increase of @entity3 -induced endothelium-dependent relaxation of @entity1 in XXXX after chronic exposure to cold.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 is a major, urgent @entity0 in which reactive @entity2 species (ROS) are deeply involved in the detrimental effects. @entity6 nanoparticle (nPt) species are a novel and strong scavenger of such ROS, so we examined the clinical and neuroprotective effects of nPts in @entity1 @entity3 brain. @entity1 were subjected to transient @entity9 (tMCAO) for 60 min. Upon reperfusion, nPt or vehicle was administered intravenously. At 48 hr after the tMCAO, motor function, @entity7 volume, immunohistochemistry of neurovascular components (endothelial NAGO, tight junctional occludin, and basal laminal collagen IV), and zymography for @entity8 activity were examined. @entity4 anion generation at 2 hr after tMCAO was determined with oxidized @entity10 . Compared with vehicle, treatment with nPts significantly improved the motor function and greatly reduced the @entity7 volume, especially in the cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that tMCAO resulted in a minimal decrease of NAGO and occludin but a great decrease of collagen IV and a remarkable increase of @entity8 . Treatment with nPts greatly reduced this decrease of collagen IV and activation of @entity8 and, with large reductions of @entity8 activation on zymography and @entity4 production. The present study demonstrates that treatment with nPts ameliorates the neurological scores with a large reduction in @entity7 size as well as the preservation of outer components of the neurovascular unit (collagen IV) and inactivation of @entity8 . A strong reduction of @entity4 anion production by nPts could account for such remarkable neurobehavioral and neuroprotective effects on @entity5 .

title: Neurological and pathological improvements of @entity5 in @entity1 with XXXX nanoparticles.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity5 is a major, urgent @entity0 in which reactive @entity2 species (ROS) are deeply involved in the detrimental effects. @entity6 nanoparticle (nPt) species are a novel and strong scavenger of such ROS, so we examined the clinical and neuroprotective effects of nPts in @entity1 @entity3 brain. @entity1 were subjected to transient @entity9 (tMCAO) for 60 min. Upon reperfusion, nPt or vehicle was administered intravenously. At 48 hr after the tMCAO, motor function, @entity7 volume, immunohistochemistry of neurovascular components (endothelial NAGO, tight junctional occludin, and basal laminal collagen IV), and zymography for @entity8 activity were examined. @entity4 anion generation at 2 hr after tMCAO was determined with oxidized @entity10 . Compared with vehicle, treatment with nPts significantly improved the motor function and greatly reduced the @entity7 volume, especially in the cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that tMCAO resulted in a minimal decrease of NAGO and occludin but a great decrease of collagen IV and a remarkable increase of @entity8 . Treatment with nPts greatly reduced this decrease of collagen IV and activation of @entity8 and, with large reductions of @entity8 activation on zymography and @entity4 production. The present study demonstrates that treatment with nPts ameliorates the neurological scores with a large reduction in @entity7 size as well as the preservation of outer components of the neurovascular unit (collagen IV) and inactivation of @entity8 . A strong reduction of @entity4 anion production by nPts could account for such remarkable neurobehavioral and neuroprotective effects on @entity5 .

title: Neurological and pathological improvements of XXXX in @entity1 with @entity6 nanoparticles.

answer: @entity5