abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a common disorder that is characterized by repetitive episodes of upper airway narrowing and collapse. Obesity is a major risk factor for @entity2 . Compared with @entity0 , @entity0 have greater total body fat and are more @entity3 , and yet the prevalence of @entity2 is much higher in @entity0 . The airway size and compliance and pharyngeal muscle tone are important determinants of upper airway patency during sleep. The discrepancy between greater frequency of @entity3 and lower prevalence of @entity2 in @entity0 has not been explained and suggests a different pathogenetic mechanism underlying this condition. Most clinical studies in @entity2 have either combined the sexes or have described results from @entity0 only. The object of this study was twofold: (1) to examine the effect of @entity3 on pharyngeal size in both @entity0 and @entity0 , and (2) to determine the role of upper airway dimensions in the expression of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and its relationship to gender. DESIGN: Prospective study of subjects referred for evaluation of @entity4 . SETTING: University-based sleep center. SUBJECTS: Seventy-eight male @entity0 (mean +/- SE age, 49.2 +/- 1.5 years) and 52 female @entity0 (mean age, 47.4 +/- 1.5 years). MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: All subjects underwent in-laboratory polysomnography with measurement of upper airway size using the acoustic reflectance method. Although the two groups were similar in age, the female @entity0 were slightly heavier than the male @entity0 (body mass index [BMI], 36.0 +/- 1.7 kg/m(2) vs 33.3 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2), respectively; p < 0.0001). Despite similar clinical presentation of snoring and excessive @entity1 , @entity0 had mild @entity2 (respiratory disturbance index [RDI], 9.2 +/- 2.7 events per hour) or @entity2 compared with @entity0 with more severe @entity2 (RDI, 28.0 +/- 3.5 events per hour; p < 0.0001). In contrast, @entity0 had a significantly smaller oropharyngeal junction and pharynx than @entity0 (p < 0.02). Upper airway size correlated significantly with the severity of @entity4 in @entity0 only. There was no correlation between BMI and pharyngeal size in either gender. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that the static properties of upper airway in awake @entity0 but not @entity0 correlate with the severity of @entity4 . This suggests inherent structural and functional differences in upper airway during sleep between @entity0 and @entity0 with more favorable airway mechanics in @entity0 .

title: Gender differences in the expression of XXXX : role of upper airway dimensions.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence and nature of @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity5 and to investigate the relationship between @entity6 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) severity in these @entity0 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: @entity5 clinic in a tertiary teaching hospital. @entity0 : Fifteen consecutive adult @entity0 (7 @entity0 and 8 @entity0 ; mean [+/- SD] age, 34.8 +/- 13.2 years) who had @entity5 . MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Apneic status was determined from standard overnight polysomnography testing. Measurements from standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs were compared to normative data. Thirteen @entity0 had @entity1 , which was defined as an @entity2 / @entity3 index (AHI) of > 5 episodes per hour (mean AHI, 22 +/- 15 episodes per hour). A high prevalence of @entity6 was found with significant gender differences for some of the variables. Significant abnormalities for the entire group were bimaxillary retrusion, a reduced maxillary length, an increased total anterior face height, a long lower anterior face height, an obtuse gonial angle, a steep mandibular plane, a reduced posterior nasal airway height, a reduced posterior airway space, and an increased distance from the mandibular plane to the hyoid bone. Univariate analysis revealed significant correlations among the total anterior face height, the upper anterior and posterior face heights, the mandibular length, and AHI. There was a significant correlation between the rank of the number of @entity4 per @entity0 and AHI in those @entity0 with @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 are common in @entity0 with @entity5 . The relationship between some cephalometric parameters and @entity2 severity suggests a potential role of craniofacial structure in the pathogenesis of @entity1 in these @entity0 .

title: Relationship between @entity6 and sleep-disordered XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the prevalence and nature of @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity5 and to investigate the relationship between @entity6 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) severity in these @entity0 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: @entity5 clinic in a tertiary teaching hospital. @entity0 : Fifteen consecutive adult @entity0 (7 @entity0 and 8 @entity0 ; mean [+/- SD] age, 34.8 +/- 13.2 years) who had @entity5 . MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Apneic status was determined from standard overnight polysomnography testing. Measurements from standardized lateral cephalometric radiographs were compared to normative data. Thirteen @entity0 had @entity1 , which was defined as an @entity2 / @entity3 index (AHI) of > 5 episodes per hour (mean AHI, 22 +/- 15 episodes per hour). A high prevalence of @entity6 was found with significant gender differences for some of the variables. Significant abnormalities for the entire group were bimaxillary retrusion, a reduced maxillary length, an increased total anterior face height, a long lower anterior face height, an obtuse gonial angle, a steep mandibular plane, a reduced posterior nasal airway height, a reduced posterior airway space, and an increased distance from the mandibular plane to the hyoid bone. Univariate analysis revealed significant correlations among the total anterior face height, the upper anterior and posterior face heights, the mandibular length, and AHI. There was a significant correlation between the rank of the number of @entity4 per @entity0 and AHI in those @entity0 with @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 are common in @entity0 with @entity5 . The relationship between some cephalometric parameters and @entity2 severity suggests a potential role of craniofacial structure in the pathogenesis of @entity1 in these @entity0 .

title: Relationship between XXXX and sleep-disordered @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequencies of three polymorphisms at @entity1 positions 16, 27, and 164 of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) gene and their effects on @entity2 @entity0 . DESIGN: Prospective, case-control study @entity0 : Sixty-five @entity0 with @entity2 and 41 healthy subjects were included. MEASUREMENTS: Polymorphisms of the @entity3 coding block were delineated using an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach. The allele-specific PCR technique was verified by direct dideoxy sequencing of PCR products. Pulmonary function tests were performed in all @entity0 . RESULTS: The Arg16 @entity3 polymorphism was less prevalent in @entity2 @entity0 than in healthy populations (p = 0.01). A significant correlation (p < 0.018) between the @entity4 27 @entity3 polymorphism and FEV(1) percent predicted value was found. @entity0 with the Gln27 polymorphism had a higher percentage of low FEV(1) percent predicted than did @entity0 with the GlnGlu and GluGlu variants. CONCLUSIONS: The polymorphism of Gly16 may increase the @entity0 's susceptibility to the development of @entity2 . The Gln27 @entity3 polymorphism may be associated with the severity of @entity2 in a Chinese population.

title: Polymorphism of the XXXX in @entity2 in Chinese subjects.

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To assess the frequencies of three polymorphisms at @entity1 positions 16, 27, and 164 of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) gene and their effects on @entity2 @entity0 . DESIGN: Prospective, case-control study @entity0 : Sixty-five @entity0 with @entity2 and 41 healthy subjects were included. MEASUREMENTS: Polymorphisms of the @entity3 coding block were delineated using an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach. The allele-specific PCR technique was verified by direct dideoxy sequencing of PCR products. Pulmonary function tests were performed in all @entity0 . RESULTS: The Arg16 @entity3 polymorphism was less prevalent in @entity2 @entity0 than in healthy populations (p = 0.01). A significant correlation (p < 0.018) between the @entity4 27 @entity3 polymorphism and FEV(1) percent predicted value was found. @entity0 with the Gln27 polymorphism had a higher percentage of low FEV(1) percent predicted than did @entity0 with the GlnGlu and GluGlu variants. CONCLUSIONS: The polymorphism of Gly16 may increase the @entity0 's susceptibility to the development of @entity2 . The Gln27 @entity3 polymorphism may be associated with the severity of @entity2 in a Chinese population.

title: Polymorphism of the @entity3 in XXXX in Chinese subjects.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The present study utilized @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and S-100 protein immunohistochemistry to examine if Ruffini endings, the primary mechanoreceptors in periodontal ligaments, can regenerate following nerve @entity2 with an inappropriate nerve. Normally, axon terminals of periodontal Ruffini endings are extensively ramified, and terminal Schwann cells, identified by their S-100 immunoreactivity, are associated with axon terminals. Schwann cells are restricted to the alveolus-related part (ARP), but not tooth-related part (TRP) or the shear zone at the border between the ARP and the TRP of the lingual periodontal ligament of the lower incisor. When the central portion of the mental nerve (MN) was connected with the peripheral portion of the @entity0 ( @entity0 ), regenerating MN fibers invaded the @entity0 around postoperative day 5 (PO 5). During the postoperative period, numerous S-100-immunoreactive (IR) cells, presumably terminal Schwann cells, began to migrate to the shear zone and the TRP. @entity3 -IR elements reappeared at PO 7 and gradually increased in number. Around PO 28, the terminal portion of the regenerating Ruffini endings appeared dendritic, but less expanded, and the rearrangement of terminal Schwann cells was noted. Regenerated periodontal Ruffini endings were slightly smaller in number. The number of trigeminal ganglion neurons sending peripheral processes beyond the site of injury was smaller compared to those of normal MN, but their cross-sectional areas were almost comparable. Expressions of calbindin D28k and calretinin, normally localized in axonal elements in Ruffini endings, were first detected around PO 56. The present results show that parts of periodontal Ruffini endings can regenerate following nerve @entity1 .

title: Regeneration of periodontal Ruffini endings of rat lower incisors following nerve XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of computed tomography (CT) renal angiogram (CTRA) in the management of childhood @entity4 . This is a retrospective study of 24 @entity0 with clinical suspicion of @entity5 who underwent CTRA examinations. CTRA demonstrated surgically correctable etiology of @entity4 in 38% of the @entity0 [5 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and 4 with renal pathology]. In 5 @entity0 , CTRA findings of @entity7 were confirmed by catheter angiogram. CTRA missed @entity7 in 1 @entity0 in whom catheter angiogram showed @entity1 . All 6 @entity0 with @entity7 had resolution of @entity4 immediately after angioplasty or surgery. One @entity0 with @entity7 had an ipsilateral @entity8 . In this @entity0 @entity4 resolved spontaneously as the @entity1 shrunk in size. Seven @entity0 had a renal etiology for @entity4 . In 3 of these @entity0 @entity4 resolved after nephrectomy. Malignant @entity4 in the 4th @entity0 with reflux @entity1 was controlled medically after she underwent bilateral ureteral reimplantation. The remaining 3 @entity0 with renal etiology were managed medically. We found that the etiology was central for @entity4 in 4 @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity2 in 1 overweight @entity0 , essential @entity4 in 4 @entity0 , and thoracic @entity6 in 1 @entity0 . Our study showed that in all except 1 instance CTRA could diagnose a surgically correctable cause for @entity4 . CTRA provided useful information for the management of pediatric @entity4 in all our @entity0 .

title: Utility of computed tomographic renal angiogram in the management of childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: In this study, we looked at the prognostic value of echocardiographic and hemodynamic measures in a large cohort of @entity0 with @entity4 before and after initiation of treatment. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data were collected prospectively in a cohort of consecutive @entity0 with @entity4 referred between 2002 and 2011. A range of clinical and echocardiographic variables were collected and stored on a database to assess predictors of survival. Invasive hemodynamic data including pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, capillary wedge pressure, and cardiac index were also obtained at baseline in all @entity0 . Outcome was defined as mortality because of @entity1 . The study cohort comprised 777 @entity0 (514 @entity0 ) with @entity4 . A total of 195 (25%) died. In multivariable analysis, moderate or severe @entity6 (hazard ratio [HR], 26.537; 95% confidence interval, 11.536-61.044; P<0.001), right ventricular myocardial performance index (HR, 3.421; 95% confidence interval, 1.777-6.584; P<0.001), and the presence of @entity8 (HR, 1.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.023-1.862; P=0.035) were independent predictors of mortality. High pulmonary vascular resistance and right atrial pressure by invasive hemodynamic measurements were independent predictors of mortality (HR, 1.084; 95% confidence interval, 1.041-1.130, and 1.079, respectively; 95% confidence interval, 1.049-1.111; P<0.001 for both), whereas @entity0 with a higher cardiac index had better survival overall (HR, 0.384; 95% confidence interval, 0.307-0.481; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Right @entity2 , moderate-severe @entity6 , low cardiac index, and raised right atrial pressure were associated with poor survival for both @entity4 and chronic @entity7 pulmonary @entity3 @entity0 . The severity of @entity6 , myocardial performance index, presence of @entity8 , pulmonary vascular resistance, cardiac index, and right atrial pressure may be used to stratify risk of @entity5 .

title: Echocardiographic and Hemodynamic Predictors of Survival in XXXX : Seven-Year Follow-Up.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Novel imaging modalities are currently available for the noninvasive evaluation of the tracheobronchial tree. This study was undertaken to compare the diagnostic potentials of conventional CT scanning, super high-resolution CT (SHR-CT) scanning, and virtual bronchoscopy (VB) directly with fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) for the detection of @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective observer study, in which 44 consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 were evaluated using several diagnostic imaging modalities. Images of the thorax were interpreted by individuals blind to the results of FB for the detection of @entity3 . MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Image acquisition and simulation of the tracheobronchial anatomy were created successfully in all @entity0 . Thirty-two @entity0 who underwent both SHR-CT scanning and VB had correlative FBs within 1 month. In all nine @entity0 who had a normal anatomy, SHR-CT scanning and VB accurately correlated with the FB findings. However, CT scanning demonstrated two @entity2 in one @entity0 . Twenty-three @entity0 had a total of 35 abnormal FB findings. The sensitivities of SHR-CT scanning and VB for the detection of endoluminal, obstructive, and @entity3 were 90%, 100%, and 16%, respectively. The overall sensitivities and specificities of SHR-CT scanning and VB were 83% and 100%, respectively. In contrast, CT scanning had sensitivities of 50%, 72%, and 0% for the detection of endoluminal, obstructive, and @entity3 with an overall sensitivity and specificity of 59%, and 85%, respectively. There was no case in which conventional CT scanning was better at detecting lesions than either SHR-CT scanning or VB. CONCLUSIONS: SHR-CT scanning and VB are accurate, noninvasive methods for identifying obstructions and endoluminal lesions within the respiratory tract. Thus, these novel imaging techniques are valuable as complementary modalities to FB, providing information that is useful for the detection and management of airway @entity1 .

title: Comparative evaluation of super high-resolution CT scan and virtual bronchoscopy for the detection of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Previous research has linked exercise under unfavourable environmental conditions to decreased concentration and/or secretion rate of secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA). The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of moderate exercise in a thermoneutral (TN) and a @entity0 ( @entity1 ) environment on the concentration of s-IgA and the secretion rate of s-IgA in moderately active females. Sixteen females (23.4 +/- 6.8 yrs, 61.1 +/- 5.9 kg, 1.64 +/- 0.07 m) served as subjects for this study. On separate occasions, one week apart, all subjects ran or walked for 30 minutes at 71 % of individual heart rate reserve on an outdoor (1 degrees C) or an indoor track (24 degrees C). Unstimulated saliva samples were collected for 4-min immediately pre (PR), post (POST), and 30-min post (30POST) exercise. Profile of Mood State (POMS) questionnaires were completed pre and post exercise intervention and Global Mood State (GMS) was calculated. The absolute concentration of s-IgA, and total non-specific protein were measured and the secretion rate of s-IgA and s-IgA:Protein were calculated. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) revealed that flow rate increased in @entity1 and decreased in TN such that it was significantly lower (POST) and (30POST) in the TN environment when compared to @entity1 . There was a significant increase in the secretion rate of s-IgA at 30POST for the @entity1 trial and a significant decrease at 30POST for the TN trial. No significant differences were found for the concentration of s-IgA, the s-IgA:Protein:ratio, or GMS. Stepwise regression revealed that with all predictors in the model, only the concentration of s-IgA accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in @entity0 temperature, while in the TN environment, both the concentration of s-IgA and the flow rate accounted for significant proportions of the variance. These findings suggest that moderate exercise in @entity0 temperatures does not decrease secretion rate of s-IgA, while exercise in TN temperatures does.

title: s-IgA response in females following a single bout of moderate intensity exercise in XXXX and thermoneutral environments.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Intrathecal @entity6 , a nicotinic receptor agonist, elicits greater dose-dependent increases in blood pressure, heart rate and nociceptive responses in SHR than normotensive @entity0 strains. Similar to adult @entity0 , cardiovascular and nociceptive responses were augmented in prehypertensive SHR than age-matched WKY. While @entity3 or @entity4 pretreatment significantly lowered blood pressure in both SHR and WKY @entity0 , responses to i.t. @entity6 were still greater in SHR. By contrast, i.t. @entity6 elicited responses were not exaggerated in @entity5 -salt hypertensive WKY @entity0 . Pressor and irritation responses to i.t. @entity6 can be divided into a transient, initial and persisting, late phases. Both are augmented in SHR. In F1 @entity0 , only the late phase pressor and @entity2 responses to i.t. @entity6 are similar in magnitude to those observed in SHR suggesting a possible dominant trait in the SHR. Overall, our findings suggest that hyper-responsiveness in nociception and pressor activity to spinal @entity6 in SHR may be pathogenetically associated, but not a consequence, of @entity1 .

title: Spinal nicotinic receptor activity in a genetic model of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The explosive expansion of knowledge in immunology in recent decades has already affected the research and practice of nuclear medicine in several ways. New hematopoietic cells have been isolated and their functions discovered, including hematopoietic stem cells and dendritic cells (DCs). Many new humeral factors have been found that have potent effects on cells, including cytokines, growth factors, and specialized proteins. Radiolabeled compounds are needed to follow the pharmacodynamics of the humeral factors and to follow the migration of mobile cells in animals and @entity0 . In this article, only DCs, cytokines, and growth factors used clinically are discussed. DCs are essential for defense against @entity2 . Autologous DCs cultured for a week and pulsed with @entity1 antigens have already proved highly immunogenic compared with other methods for activating cytotoxic T cells, and preliminary studies suggest that DCs are more potent for @entity1 cell killing than monoclonal antibodies. DCs, unfortunately, also play an important role in causing certain @entity0 diseases. In allograft transplants, residual donor DCs are responsible for the cellular rejection; if they could be eliminated, rejection could be prevented. These cells are also detrimental in @entity3 , other @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity6 . Cytokines such as @entity7 and such growth factors as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, administered to @entity0 with @entity1 to alleviate the @entity8 of chemotherapy agents, frequently alter the tissue distribution of radiopharmaceuticals; these alterations may be confused with disease.

title: The impact of recent advances in immunology and XXXX therapy on nuclear medicine.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In this study, 30 @entity2 from a flock suddenly showed acute neurological symptoms associated with more than 30  % mortality. At necropsy, thickening associated with @entity1 and turbidity of meningeal membranes particularly on cerebellum, focal to multifocal @entity0 areas and whitish spots measuring 1 to 3  cm in diameter were observed in the cortex of cerebrum and cerebellum. Grossly, numerous white tracts were also observed in the myocardium. Histopathologically, the cross sections of coenurus larvae associated with @entity0 were observed. Multiple @entity0 areas were also observed in the gray matter of cerebellum due to migration of the larvae with an extensive infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils. In the heart, multifocal granulomatous @entity3 was diagnosed. No growth was seen in bacterial cultures of the brain and heart. Also, no bacteria were seen in these tissues stained with Ziehl-Neelsen and Brown-Brenn Gram stain. On basis of gross and histopathologic lesions, acute coenurosis was diagnosed. Unlike chronic coenurosis, acute form of the disease rarely reported in @entity2 .

title: Clinical and morphopathological characteristics of an enzootic occurrence of acute coenurosis (Coenurus cerebralis) in a XXXX herd.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Statins are standard therapies after @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in the general population. In the current study, we assessed adherence to statin treatment by @entity0 after an @entity1 in Italy, and estimated the effect of in-hospital statin therapy on persistence in treatment during a 2-year follow-up. @entity0 AND METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort observation study of @entity0 who experienced their @entity1 between January 1, 2004 and December 31, 2005. @entity0 to enroll were identified by a diagnosis of @entity1 at discharge from hospital. Previous drug therapies and hospital admissions for cardiovascular reasons in the 12 months before hospitalization for @entity1 , statin treatment and lipid levels during hospitalization, indication for statin treatment at hospital discharge, and adherence to statin treatment in the following 24 months using an integrated analysis of administrative databases and hospital case records were evaluated. Also, factors associated either positively or negatively with consistent acute and long-term use of this efficacy-proven therapy were evaluated. RESULTS: We identified 3,369 @entity0 : 28.5% of @entity0 had not been consistently treated with statins during their hospital stay for @entity1 , and 36.2% of @entity0 did not receive a statin prescription at hospital discharge. Of the 2,629 @entity0 persistent with treatment during the follow-up, only 1,431 had an adherence to @entity3 >80%. Either during the hospitalization or during the follow-up, the use of statins was negatively associated with older age and the presence of @entity2 . Lipid levels were significantly higher in treated than in untreated @entity0 , but did not contribute to adherence to treatment. An important factor in long-term adherence to statin treatment was a statin prescription at the time of hospital discharge. CONCLUSION: Since the statin undertreatment rate in routine care is still high, physicians need to increase the awareness of @entity0 regarding the implications of discontinuation and/or underuse of their medications and encourage higher adherence.

title: Adherence to statin treatment following a XXXX : an Italian population-based survey.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to identify the nature of the inclusion bodies that have been found in HeLa cells (cervical @entity1 immortal cell line) by electron microscope and to determine whether the major capsid protein (L1) of @entity2 ) can be expressed in @entity1 cells. METHODS: HPV L1 protein expression in HeLa cells was detected with anti-HPV L1 multivalent mice monoclonal antibody and rabbit polyclonal anti-HPV L1 antibody by ELISA, light microscope immunohistochemistry, electron microscope immunocytochemistry and Western blotting assays. Reverse transcriptional PCR (RT-PCR) was performed to detect the transcription of L1 mRNA in HeLa cells. The immortalized @entity0 keratinocyte HeCat was used as the negative control. RESULTS: HPV L1 proteins reacted positively in the lysate of HeLa cells by ELISA assays. HRP labeled light microscope immunohistochemistry assay showed that there was a strong HPV L1 positive reaction in HeLa cells. Under the electron microscope, irregular shaped inclusion bodies, assembled by many small and uniform granules, had been observed in the cytoplasm of some HeLa cells. These granules could be labeled by the colloidal gold carried by HPV L1 antibody. The Western blotting assay showed that there was a L1 reaction strap at 80-85  kDa in the HeLa cell lysates, hence demonstrating the existence of HPV18 L1 in HeLa cells. RT-PCR assay showed that the L1 mRNA was transcribed in HeLa cells. CONCLUSIONS: The inclusion bodies found in the cytoplasm of HeLa cells are composed of HPV18 L1 protein. Since HeLa cell line is a type of cervical @entity1 cells, this implies that HeLa cells have the ability to express HPV L1 proteins.

title: Observations on the expression of XXXX major capsid protein in HeLa cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Introduction. @entity2 is ubiquitous during @entity4 and may be influenced by body mass index (BMI). We sought to evaluate if BMI was associated with serum levels of several cytokines measured at intensive care unit admission due to @entity4 . Methods. 33 septic @entity0 were included. An array of thirty-two cytokines and chemokines was measured using Milliplex technology. We assessed the association between cytokine levels and BMI by generalized additive model that also included illness severity (measured by @entity6 score); one model was built for each cytokine measured. Results. We found that levels of epidermal growth factor, @entity1 , and interleukins 4, 5, and 13 were associated with BMI in a complex, nonlinear way, independently of illness severity. Higher BMI was associated with higher levels of anti-inflammatory interleukins. Conclusion. BMI may influence host response to @entity3 during @entity5 . Larger studies should confirm these findings.

title: Influence of Body Mass Index on Inflammatory Profile at Admission in Critically Ill Septic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of replacing protease inhibitors (PIs) with @entity6 on insulin sensitivity and plasma lipids. - DESIGN: Pilot study including 31 @entity0 with sustained virological control on their first PI-containing HAART regimen. 16 @entity0 were switched from PIs to @entity6 (ABC group), 15 @entity0 continued on PIs (PI group). In all @entity0 , @entity5 -analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors were continued. METHODS: Insulin sensitivity (using an intravenous insulin tolerance test) and fasting total @entity1 and @entity3 were determined at baseline, month 3, 6, 9 and 12. RESULTS: In the ABC group, there was a significant increase in median insulin sensitivity from baseline within 6 months (+ 49 micromol/l/min), and a significant decrease in both @entity3 (-41mg/dl) and @entity1 (-40mg/dl) at month 3. These changes were sustained through month 12. In addition, a reversal of baseline insulin resistance, @entity2 and @entity4 was observed in the majority of @entity0 . In the PI group, no significant changes in insulin sensitivity, @entity3 and @entity1 were observed. There was a significant correlation between the changes in insulin sensitivity, @entity3 and @entity1 . INTERPRETATION: Switching from PIs to @entity6 is associated with an improvement of insulin sensitivity and a decrease of @entity1 and @entity3 in the majority of @entity0 with HAART-associated metabolic alterations and therefore might be an alternative for @entity0 to PI-containing HAART regimens.

title: Improvement of HAART-associated insulin resistance and dyslipidemia after replacement of protease inhibitors with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to characterize variation in complication rates across hospitals with differing volumes for select high-risk operations in the United States. METHODS: Data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 1996 and 1997 were analyzed for 3 high-risk operations: esophagectomy (n=1,226), pancreatectomy (n=4,789), and intact @entity8 repair (n=11,863). Complications evaluated included @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity1 , @entity5 , and others. The risk of complications was calculated by hospital volume deciles, as well as for high-volume hospitals (HVH) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) defined by median hospital volume. RESULTS: Rates of any @entity3 varied nearly 2-fold across hospital volume groups. The proportion of @entity0 across hospital deciles having at least one complication ranged from 30% to 51% for esophageal resection, 6% to 12% for pancreatic resection, and 9% to 18% for @entity8 repair. HVH had lower rates of one or more complications after pancreatic resection (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.83; P=.002), esophageal resection (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.52 to 0.90; P=.008), and intact @entity8 ( @entity8 ) repair (OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.76; P<.001). @entity0 with one or more complications after pancreatic resection had a mortality of 18.8% versus only 5.2% for those without complications (P<.001). Esophageal resection mortality was 16.9% for @entity0 with at least one complication and 2.5% for those without complications (P<.001) and @entity8 repair mortality was 10.4% for @entity0 with at least one complication and 2.9% for those without complications (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: High-risk operations have a decreased rate of @entity3 when performed at HVH. Variation in complication rates may contribute to the volume-outcome relationship and provide a focus for quality improvement at @entity2 .

title: Variation in XXXX rates after high-risk surgery in the United States.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are rare @entity3 that are characterized by constitutive overexpression of the @entity4 kinase receptor @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity6 is a selective inhibitor of @entity4 kinase-mediated activity. This study reports a single-institution experience of surgical resection and the use of @entity6 in the treatment of @entity5 . METHODS: A retrospective review from 1995 to 2002 identified 57 @entity0 (M:F, 29:28; median age, 61 years) with @entity5 who were treated at the University of Chicago. Twenty-eight @entity0 underwent exploratory surgery with curative intent; 29 @entity0 were referred for treatment of @entity1 after surgery at outside institutions. Twenty-nine @entity0 were treated with oral @entity6 for either @entity1 (n=26 @entity0 ) or in the adjuvant setting after complete resection (n=3 @entity0 ). RESULTS: Resections were performed in 53 @entity0 , and @entity1 was identified in 17 @entity0 at the time of exploratory surgery. Immunohistochemical staining for @entity7 was positive in 96% of @entity0 . A size larger than 5 cm, a mitotic rate larger than 1/10 high-power field, and @entity2 necrosis predicted recurrence in @entity0 after resection. The median follow-up period was 18 months (range, 4-81 months). Twenty-three @entity0 (40%) are alive without disease; 22 @entity0 (39%) are alive with disease; 7 @entity0 died, and 5 @entity0 are lost to follow-up. Among the 26 @entity0 with @entity1 who were treated with @entity6 , 5 deaths have occurred, and disease stabilization or @entity2 regression was observed initially in 22 @entity0 , with a median duration of response of 19 months. CONCLUSIONS: Complete surgical extirpation remains the only curative treatment of @entity5 . @entity6 -targeted therapy of @entity1 yields encouraging clinical responses. The true efficacy of @entity6 in this setting, as induction therapy or as an adjuvant treatment in @entity0 with @entity5 , is unknown pending the completion of ongoing prospective trials.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX in the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) era.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are rare @entity3 that are characterized by constitutive overexpression of the @entity4 kinase receptor @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity6 is a selective inhibitor of @entity4 kinase-mediated activity. This study reports a single-institution experience of surgical resection and the use of @entity6 in the treatment of @entity5 . METHODS: A retrospective review from 1995 to 2002 identified 57 @entity0 (M:F, 29:28; median age, 61 years) with @entity5 who were treated at the University of Chicago. Twenty-eight @entity0 underwent exploratory surgery with curative intent; 29 @entity0 were referred for treatment of @entity1 after surgery at outside institutions. Twenty-nine @entity0 were treated with oral @entity6 for either @entity1 (n=26 @entity0 ) or in the adjuvant setting after complete resection (n=3 @entity0 ). RESULTS: Resections were performed in 53 @entity0 , and @entity1 was identified in 17 @entity0 at the time of exploratory surgery. Immunohistochemical staining for @entity7 was positive in 96% of @entity0 . A size larger than 5 cm, a mitotic rate larger than 1/10 high-power field, and @entity2 necrosis predicted recurrence in @entity0 after resection. The median follow-up period was 18 months (range, 4-81 months). Twenty-three @entity0 (40%) are alive without disease; 22 @entity0 (39%) are alive with disease; 7 @entity0 died, and 5 @entity0 are lost to follow-up. Among the 26 @entity0 with @entity1 who were treated with @entity6 , 5 deaths have occurred, and disease stabilization or @entity2 regression was observed initially in 22 @entity0 , with a median duration of response of 19 months. CONCLUSIONS: Complete surgical extirpation remains the only curative treatment of @entity5 . @entity6 -targeted therapy of @entity1 yields encouraging clinical responses. The true efficacy of @entity6 in this setting, as induction therapy or as an adjuvant treatment in @entity0 with @entity5 , is unknown pending the completion of ongoing prospective trials.

title: Surgical treatment of @entity5 in the XXXX ( @entity6 ) era.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are rare @entity3 that are characterized by constitutive overexpression of the @entity4 kinase receptor @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity6 is a selective inhibitor of @entity4 kinase-mediated activity. This study reports a single-institution experience of surgical resection and the use of @entity6 in the treatment of @entity5 . METHODS: A retrospective review from 1995 to 2002 identified 57 @entity0 (M:F, 29:28; median age, 61 years) with @entity5 who were treated at the University of Chicago. Twenty-eight @entity0 underwent exploratory surgery with curative intent; 29 @entity0 were referred for treatment of @entity1 after surgery at outside institutions. Twenty-nine @entity0 were treated with oral @entity6 for either @entity1 (n=26 @entity0 ) or in the adjuvant setting after complete resection (n=3 @entity0 ). RESULTS: Resections were performed in 53 @entity0 , and @entity1 was identified in 17 @entity0 at the time of exploratory surgery. Immunohistochemical staining for @entity7 was positive in 96% of @entity0 . A size larger than 5 cm, a mitotic rate larger than 1/10 high-power field, and @entity2 necrosis predicted recurrence in @entity0 after resection. The median follow-up period was 18 months (range, 4-81 months). Twenty-three @entity0 (40%) are alive without disease; 22 @entity0 (39%) are alive with disease; 7 @entity0 died, and 5 @entity0 are lost to follow-up. Among the 26 @entity0 with @entity1 who were treated with @entity6 , 5 deaths have occurred, and disease stabilization or @entity2 regression was observed initially in 22 @entity0 , with a median duration of response of 19 months. CONCLUSIONS: Complete surgical extirpation remains the only curative treatment of @entity5 . @entity6 -targeted therapy of @entity1 yields encouraging clinical responses. The true efficacy of @entity6 in this setting, as induction therapy or as an adjuvant treatment in @entity0 with @entity5 , is unknown pending the completion of ongoing prospective trials.

title: Surgical treatment of @entity5 in the @entity6 ( XXXX ) era.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Background. Despite advances in surgical repair of @entity1 , there remains a high radiological recurrence rate. We performed a novel technique incorporating bilateral oesophageal fixation and evaluated outcomes, principally symptom improvement and @entity2 recurrence. Methods. A retrospective study was performed on a prospective database of @entity0 undergoing @entity1 repair with bilateral oesophageal fixation. Retrospective and prospective quality of life (QOL), PPI usage, and @entity0 satisfaction data were obtained. @entity2 recurrence was assessed by either barium swallow or gastroscopy. Results. 87 @entity0 were identified in the database with a minimum of 3 months followup. There were significant improvements in QOL scores including GERD HRQL (29.13 to 4.38, P < 0.01), Visick (3 to 1), and RSI (17.45 to 5, P < 0.01). PPI usage decreased from a median of daily to none, and there was high @entity0 satisfaction (94%). 57 @entity0 were assessed for recurrence with either gastroscopy or barium swallow, and one @entity0 had evidence of recurrence on barium swallow at 45 months postoperatively. There was an 8% complication rate and no mortality or oesophageal perforation. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that our technique is both safe and effective in symptom control, and our recurrence investigations demonstrate at least short term durability.

title: XXXX Repair with Bilateral Oesophageal Fixation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We intended to analyze the influence of @entity2 on postoperative morbidity and length of hospital stay. @entity0 AND METHOD: 153 @entity0 undergoing elective arterial surgery were studied prospectively. @entity0 were examined postoperatively by a psychiatrist daily from days 1 to 7. @entity3 was diagnosed according to standardised criteria (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity1 ). The severity of @entity3 was quantified using the @entity3 Rating Scale. We compared @entity0 without @entity3 to those who developed @entity2 using univariate statistical analysis (t-test, chi (2) test, and Fisher's test). RESULTS: Sixty @entity0 (39.2%) developed @entity2 . They removed catheters significantly more frequently than @entity0 without @entity3 and had more @entity4 . Their length of stay in intensive care units was higher, as was their total postoperative length of stay in hospital. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 who developed @entity2 have significantly more complications and increased postoperative length of stay in hospital and intensive care units.

title: [ XXXX increases morbidity and length of stay after vascular surgery operations. Results of a prospective study].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is a rare and aggressive disease with abnormal lymphocytes confined within blood vessels. Cutaneous findings are common in the presentation of this disease. OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this article are (1) to describe a case of @entity1 treated with chemotherapy and rituximab and (2) to review the literature with respect to skin findings and outcomes of these @entity0 after chemotherapy. @entity0 : Our @entity0 had an unusual presentation of @entity1 characterized by tender, slightly indurated plaques composed of dense telangectatic vessels. RESULTS: Our @entity0 responded to combination chemotherapy with the addition of a partial course of rituximab (anti- @entity2 monoclonal antibody). CONCLUSION: @entity1 commonly presents with skin findings of tender indurated plaques and nodules. Although a number of clinical variations exist, telangectatic plaques are rarely described. Including our case, 50 @entity0 have been reported after treatment with chemotherapy. Approximately 46% of treated @entity0 exhibit either partial or complete response to chemotherapy. This is the first reported case of @entity1 treated successfully with the addition of rituximab. Overall, this malignancy remains an unusual and aggressive disease. Recognition of the cutaneous findings and early treatment with chemotherapy may alter the course of this disease. Rituximab may be an important addition to combination chemotherapy in treating @entity1 .

title: XXXX presenting as telangectasias: response to rituximab and combination chemotherapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical effects, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of plasma and acetylcholinesterase in an aldicarb @entity6 . CASE REPORT: A 57-year-old female was found unconscious and @entity1 after ingesting @entity9 . She was bradycardic, @entity3 , hypersalivating, clammy, had small pupils, and generalized weakness. She was intubated, ventilated, and treated with large @entity7 doses (50 mg and 20 mg/h infusion) and @entity5 . She improved hemodynamically over 24 h, but remained @entity4 for another 24 h, before recovering without sequela. Aldicarb concentration at admission was 2.18  g/ml and concentration-time data best fitted a two compartmental model with first order absorption and a time of ingestion 4.5 h preadmission. The half-life of distribution was 0.4 h and half-life of elimination, 13 h. Plasma cholinesterase concentration at admission was 0.3 kU/L (Reference range[RR]:4.3-10.6 kU/L) and red cell cholinesterase was 10 U/gHb (RR:38-66 U/gHb). The IC50 was 0.15  g/ml and 0.26  g/ml for plasma and red cell cholinesterase, respectively. DISCUSSION: Aldicarb @entity8 causes rapid onset severe @entity0 with muscarinic and nicotinic excess, @entity2 , and decreased consciousness. Cholinesterases rapidly recover once aldicarb concentrations decrease and precede clinical recovery.

title: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of severe aldicarb XXXX after @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical effects, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of plasma and acetylcholinesterase in an aldicarb @entity6 . CASE REPORT: A 57-year-old female was found unconscious and @entity1 after ingesting @entity9 . She was bradycardic, @entity3 , hypersalivating, clammy, had small pupils, and generalized weakness. She was intubated, ventilated, and treated with large @entity7 doses (50 mg and 20 mg/h infusion) and @entity5 . She improved hemodynamically over 24 h, but remained @entity4 for another 24 h, before recovering without sequela. Aldicarb concentration at admission was 2.18  g/ml and concentration-time data best fitted a two compartmental model with first order absorption and a time of ingestion 4.5 h preadmission. The half-life of distribution was 0.4 h and half-life of elimination, 13 h. Plasma cholinesterase concentration at admission was 0.3 kU/L (Reference range[RR]:4.3-10.6 kU/L) and red cell cholinesterase was 10 U/gHb (RR:38-66 U/gHb). The IC50 was 0.15  g/ml and 0.26  g/ml for plasma and red cell cholinesterase, respectively. DISCUSSION: Aldicarb @entity8 causes rapid onset severe @entity0 with muscarinic and nicotinic excess, @entity2 , and decreased consciousness. Cholinesterases rapidly recover once aldicarb concentrations decrease and precede clinical recovery.

title: The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of severe aldicarb @entity0 after XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity3 is the single largest cause of @entity2 . As the number of @entity0 referred to a nephrologist increase, the needs of many @entity1 nephropaths are not being met. The post of @entity3 Nurse Specialist (DNS) was instituted in September 1999 to organise the management of and to meet all aspects of need of this group of @entity0 . The role currently incorporates a daily ward round with the aim of reviewing all @entity0 at least once during every admission to hospital. Ward-based teaching with the @entity0 occurs and six nurse-led clinics covering all modalities are now in place and run alongside the Nephrologist. @entity0 are either referred directly to the nurse-led clinic or are approached by the renal DNS whilst the @entity0 is in the nephrology clinic. 71.4% of our @entity1 @entity0 have an improvement in their HbA1c after 21 months of working closely with the @entity3 and multidisciplinary team. The average HbA1c at the beginning was 9.7%; the average is now 8%. It is clear that the role is being continuously stretched to its absolute limit. Our aim is to develop a broader service over time and we will, in the near future be employing a renal nurse with an interest in @entity1 to work alongside the DNS for six months to particularly learn about the needs of our in- @entity0 .

title: The renal XXXX nurse specialist...a luxury or an essential player?

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endoscope-guided round window membrane repair was performed to evaluate whether the approach is feasible in the treatment of a @entity2 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. SETTING: Tertiary care academic center. @entity0 : A 27-year-old @entity0 had been scuba diving 6 days previously in the Australian Great Barrier Reefs. He had poor hearing with @entity1 . INTERVENTION: A myringotomy was incised, and a tympanoscope was introduced into the middle ear cavity. With the @entity0 under general anesthesia, the middle ear and the oval and round window areas were examined with a tympanoscope. In endoscopic visualization, a round perforation could be seen in the round window membrane. After detection of the round window perforation, a small piece of temporal fascia was obtained to seal the membrane perforation. RESULTS: One month after the operation, the @entity0 's hearing was significantly better. The myringotomy had healed. CONCLUSION: A transmyringeal endoscopic procedure for @entity2 repair is feasible and combines the best features of minimally invasive surgery and aural endoscopy.

title: Endoscope-guided XXXX repair.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To select valuable ultrasonographic predictors for the evaluation of @entity3 and @entity2 degree in @entity6 , and to study the value of ultrasonography in the evaluation of liver @entity2 and @entity5 in comparison with serology and histology. METHODS: Forty-four ultrasonographic variables were analyzed and screened using color Doppler ultrasound system in 225 @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity5 . The valuable ultrasonographic predictors were selected on the basis of a comparison with histopathological findings. The value of ultrasonography and serology in the evaluation of liver @entity2 degree and the diagnosis of @entity5 was also studied and compared. Meanwhile, the influencing factors on ultrasonographic diagnosis of @entity5 were also analyzed. RESULTS: By statistical analysis, the maximum velocity of portal vein and the degree of @entity4 wall smoothness were selected as the valuable predictors for the @entity1 grade (G), while liver surface, hepatic parenchymal echo pattern, and the wall thickness of @entity4 were selected as the valuable predictors for the @entity2 stage (S). Three S-related independent ultrasonographyic predictors and three routine serum @entity2 markers ( @entity8 , HPCIII and @entity7 ) were used to discriminate variables for the comparison of ultrasonography with serology. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in moderate @entity2 was higher than that of serology (P<0.01), while there were no significant differences in the general diagnostic accuracy of @entity2 as well as between mild and severe @entity2 (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between ultrasonography and serology in the diagnosis of @entity5 . However, the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography was higher in inactive @entity5 and lower in active @entity2 than that of serology (both P<0.05). False positive and false negative results where found when the diagnosis of @entity5 was made by ultrasonography. CONCLUSION: There are different ultrasonographic predictors for the evaluation of @entity3 grade and @entity2 stage of @entity6 . Both ultrasonography and serology have their own advantages and disadvantages in the evaluation of liver @entity2 and @entity5 . Combined application of the two methods is hopeful to improve the diagnostic accuracy.

title: XXXX in @entity6 : an ultrasonographic study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIM: To select valuable ultrasonographic predictors for the evaluation of @entity3 and @entity2 degree in @entity6 , and to study the value of ultrasonography in the evaluation of liver @entity2 and @entity5 in comparison with serology and histology. METHODS: Forty-four ultrasonographic variables were analyzed and screened using color Doppler ultrasound system in 225 @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity5 . The valuable ultrasonographic predictors were selected on the basis of a comparison with histopathological findings. The value of ultrasonography and serology in the evaluation of liver @entity2 degree and the diagnosis of @entity5 was also studied and compared. Meanwhile, the influencing factors on ultrasonographic diagnosis of @entity5 were also analyzed. RESULTS: By statistical analysis, the maximum velocity of portal vein and the degree of @entity4 wall smoothness were selected as the valuable predictors for the @entity1 grade (G), while liver surface, hepatic parenchymal echo pattern, and the wall thickness of @entity4 were selected as the valuable predictors for the @entity2 stage (S). Three S-related independent ultrasonographyic predictors and three routine serum @entity2 markers ( @entity8 , HPCIII and @entity7 ) were used to discriminate variables for the comparison of ultrasonography with serology. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in moderate @entity2 was higher than that of serology (P<0.01), while there were no significant differences in the general diagnostic accuracy of @entity2 as well as between mild and severe @entity2 (P<0.05). There were no significant differences between ultrasonography and serology in the diagnosis of @entity5 . However, the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography was higher in inactive @entity5 and lower in active @entity2 than that of serology (both P<0.05). False positive and false negative results where found when the diagnosis of @entity5 was made by ultrasonography. CONCLUSION: There are different ultrasonographic predictors for the evaluation of @entity3 grade and @entity2 stage of @entity6 . Both ultrasonography and serology have their own advantages and disadvantages in the evaluation of liver @entity2 and @entity5 . Combined application of the two methods is hopeful to improve the diagnostic accuracy.

title: @entity5 in XXXX : an ultrasonographic study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: This study characterizes the surgically treated @entity0 population suffering from @entity9 by use of current data from a large series consisting of 199 cases taken from a nonurban setting. Data were gathered through a retrospective chart review of @entity0 surgically treated for @entity9 at the University of Michigan Health System, collected over a 10-year period. Data regarding @entity0 demographics, signs and symptoms of presentation, cause of injury, nature of injury, associated @entity2 , @entity8 , and associated @entity1 were collected. In total, there were 199 cases of @entity9 among 189 @entity0 . Male @entity0 outnumbered female @entity0 by a 2:1 ratio and were found to engage in a wider range of behaviors that resulted in @entity9 . Motor vehicle accidents were the leading cause of @entity9 , followed by physical assault and sports-related mechanisms. The ratio of impure to pure @entity9 was 3:1. The most common signs and symptoms associated with @entity9 , in descending order, were periorbital ecchymosis, @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity10 . Associated @entity2 were found in 77.2 percent of @entity0 , the most prevalent of which was the zygoma-malar @entity2 . Serious @entity8 occurred in 19.6 percent of @entity0 , with @entity3 being the most prevalent, accounting for 40.5 percent of those injuries. There was a 38.1 percent occurrence of associated @entity6 ; skull @entity2 and @entity7 were the most prevalent manifestations. Associated cervical-spine @entity2 were rare (0.5 percent). Statistical examination, using odds ratios and chi-squared analysis, demonstrated significant associations that have not previously been reported. Impure and pure @entity9 revealed striking differences in several demographic aspects, including mechanism of injury, signs and symptoms of presentation, spectrum of associated @entity1 , and the severity of concomitant @entity1 .

title: A current 10-year retrospective survey of 199 surgically treated XXXX in a nonurban tertiary care center.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Blood @entity5 is an accurate predictor of outcome in @entity6 @entity0 . However, its usefulness in status I heart transplant candidates with failing myocardium is largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether serum @entity5 levels are predictive of @entity4 severity in @entity2 cardiac transplant candidates. METHODS: Over a 6-month period, serial arterial serum @entity5 levels in 30 status I heart transplant candidates were measured. Measured serum @entity5 values (mmol/L) included the initial @entity5 level upon admission to the intensive care unit and the @entity5 level at 6-week intervals up to 24-weeks. Surveillance right heart catheterizations were also performed at 6-week intervals to determine pulmonary artery pressures and cardiac index. Baseline measurements were compared with the values obtained at time intervals of 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-weeks. RESULTS: All status I heart transplant candidates were admitted to the intensive care unit for treatment of worsening @entity4 with intravenous inotropic therapy. All @entity0 had severe @entity1 (greater than two-thirds of systemic arterial pressure, mmHg) and/or severe low cardiac output state (cardiac index less than 2.0 L/min/M(2)). Admission @entity5 level was normal in all candidates. Intravenous inotropic therapy improved @entity0 ' symptoms and cardiopulmonary hemodynamic derangements although @entity5 levels remained within the normal range until the time of heart transplant operation or up to 24-weeks (p=NS). CONCLUSIONS: Blood @entity5 remains unaffected by worsening @entity4 of @entity3 @entity0 and is not predictive of @entity4 severity in status I cardiac transplant candidates.

title: Serum lactates are not predictive of XXXX severity in status I cardiac transplant candidates.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: We recently suggested that a @entity0 aortotomy model could be substituted for a vascular anastomotic stricture around a suture line. The aim of this study was to verify such a @entity0 aortotomy model using @entity1 ( @entity1 ) immunohistochemistry, which is a sensitive method for detection of proliferating cells in vascular tissue after injury. METHODS: Longitudinal aortotomy was performed in the abdominal aorta of the @entity0 subjects. The @entity0 were sacrificed at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks following aortotomy (n=20 in each group). The control @entity0 were sacrificed without aortotomy (n=20). The percentage of the lumen occluded by intimal thickening (I/M ratio) was calculated. All tissues were stained with antibodies against @entity1 ( @entity1 ). RESULTS: Values of I/M ratio were 8.5+/-4.4%, 15.6+/-9.5%, 11.8+/-5.5%, 9.6+/-6.2% at 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks following aortotomy in the injured groups and 0.4+/-0.1% in the controls, respectively. Those values in the injured group increased significantly as compared to the controls. There were also significant differences between one week and two weeks following aortotomy. The @entity1 labeling index at one week following aortotomy (21.4+/-2.7%) was significantly higher than at two weeks following aortotomy (2.8+/-1.9%). SMCs in the intima at four and eight weeks following aortotomy were completely negative for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The experimental @entity0 aortotomy model was determined to be useful in the investigation of intimal thickening around the suture line.

title: Smooth muscle cell proliferation at the vascular anastomotic stricture in XXXX aortotomy model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: A retrospective study and analysis was performed to determine the value and benefit of pulmonary metastatectomy for soft @entity3 , and which factors predict prognosis following resection. METHODS: Twenty-three @entity0 underwent resections for pulmonary @entity1 from a soft tissue @entity3 (STS) at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH_RC), between January 1985 and December 1998. There were 11 male and 12 female @entity0 . Thirteen of 23 @entity0 (57%) had one to three @entity1 , and 10 (43%) had four or more @entity1 . A total of 41 thoracic explorations was performed for the 23 evaluable @entity0 . Median sternotomy was used only for three @entity0 and lateral thoracotomy was used for 20 @entity0 as an initial surgical approach. Pulmonary resections performed included one or more wedge resections (n=16), segmentectomy (n=5), and lobectomy (n=2). No one in this series underwent pneumonectomy. The number of resected metastatic nodules ranged from one-six with average three. Eight @entity0 (35%) received various kinds of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. RESULTS: The overall and disease-free survival rate post-metastatectomy at five years was 24% and 21%, respectively. Various prognostic indicators were examined to evaluate their association with improved survival. Age, sex localization of the primary site and histologic type, @entity2 grade, size of the resected nodules, laterality (unilateral or bilateral), types of resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and local recurrence did not significantly affect survival. However, @entity0 with disease free interval >6 months, and those with three or fewer @entity1 showed a trend toward a higher five-year overall survival (p=0.06, 0.07, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical excision of lung @entity1 from soft @entity3 is well accepted and should be considered as a first line of treatment if preoperative evaluation indicated that complete resection of the @entity1 is possible. Further investigation is needed before chemotherapy can be recommended as additional therapy.

title: Pulmonary metastatectomy for soft XXXX : is it valuable?

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: The purpose was to identify the independent predictive factors of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in infiltrating @entity3 (IFDC) and to create a prospective, validated statistical model to predict the likelihood of @entity4 in @entity0 in the present era of sentinel lymph-node (SLN) biopsy and enhanced histopathology. METHODS: Univariate and multivariate analyses of 13 clinicopathological variables (including @entity2 location) were performed to determine predictors of @entity4 in 1659 eligible SLN biopsy procedures. A logistic regression model was developed and then prospectively validated on a second population of 187 subsequent consecutive procedures. RESULTS: Age, pathological @entity2 size, palpability, @entity1 ( @entity1 ), histological grade, nuclear grade, ductal histological subtype, @entity2 location (quadrant) and multifocality were associated with @entity4 in univariate analyses (P < 0.001). Of these, only palpability and histological grade were not statistically associated with @entity4 in the multivariate analysis (P> 0.05). The frequency of @entity4 in @entity2 was 20.6%, compared with 33.2% for all other quadrants (P<0.0005). There was no statistical difference between UIQ and @entity2 in any clinicopathological variables analysed. The logistic regression model, developed based on the population of 1659, had the same accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value when applied prospectively to the second population. CONCLUSION: Tumour size, @entity1 , age, nuclear grade, histological subtype, multifocality and location in the breast were independent predictive factors for @entity4 in IFDC. @entity4 is less frequent in UIQ @entity2 than in @entity2 . Our prospectively validated predictive model could be valuable in pre-operative @entity0 discussions, although staging of the axilla in the individual @entity0 remains necessary.

title: A prospective validated model for predicting axillary node metastases based on 2,000 sentinel node procedures: the role of XXXX location [corrected].

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Apart from transplant, there are no satisfactory therapies for the severe @entity1 in contractility in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Current @entity4 treatments that act by increasing contractility involve signaling cascades that alter @entity3 homeostasis and induce @entity5 . Omecamtiv mecarbil is a promising new inotropic agent developed for @entity4 that may circumvent such limitations. Omecamtiv is a direct cardiac myosin activator that promotes and prolongs the strong myosin-actin binding conformation to increase the duration of systolic elastance. We tested the effect of omecamtiv on @entity6 sensitivity of myofilaments of a @entity2 @entity0 model containing a tropomyosin @entity8 mutation. We compared tension and @entity7 activity of detergent-extracted myofilaments with and without treatment with 316 nM omecamtiv at varying pCa values. When transgenic myofilaments were treated with omecamtiv, the pCa50 for activation of tension increased from 5.70    0.02 to 5.82    0.02 and @entity7 activity increased from 5.73    0.06 to 6.07    0.04. This significant leftward shift restored @entity6 sensitivity to levels no longer significantly different from controls. Proteomic studies lacked changes in sarcomeric protein phosphorylation. Our data demonstrate that omecamtiv can potentially augment cardiac contractility in @entity2 by increasing @entity6 sensitivity. The use of direct myosin activators addresses functional defects without incurring the adverse side effects of @entity6 -dependent treatments.

title: Omecamtiv Mecarbil, a Cardiac Myosin Activator, Increases Ca2+ Sensitivity in Myofilaments With a @entity2 Mutant Tropomyosin XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Apart from transplant, there are no satisfactory therapies for the severe @entity1 in contractility in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Current @entity4 treatments that act by increasing contractility involve signaling cascades that alter @entity3 homeostasis and induce @entity5 . Omecamtiv mecarbil is a promising new inotropic agent developed for @entity4 that may circumvent such limitations. Omecamtiv is a direct cardiac myosin activator that promotes and prolongs the strong myosin-actin binding conformation to increase the duration of systolic elastance. We tested the effect of omecamtiv on @entity6 sensitivity of myofilaments of a @entity2 @entity0 model containing a tropomyosin @entity8 mutation. We compared tension and @entity7 activity of detergent-extracted myofilaments with and without treatment with 316 nM omecamtiv at varying pCa values. When transgenic myofilaments were treated with omecamtiv, the pCa50 for activation of tension increased from 5.70    0.02 to 5.82    0.02 and @entity7 activity increased from 5.73    0.06 to 6.07    0.04. This significant leftward shift restored @entity6 sensitivity to levels no longer significantly different from controls. Proteomic studies lacked changes in sarcomeric protein phosphorylation. Our data demonstrate that omecamtiv can potentially augment cardiac contractility in @entity2 by increasing @entity6 sensitivity. The use of direct myosin activators addresses functional defects without incurring the adverse side effects of @entity6 -dependent treatments.

title: Omecamtiv Mecarbil, a Cardiac Myosin Activator, Increases Ca2+ Sensitivity in Myofilaments With a XXXX Mutant Tropomyosin @entity8 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The extraction of bitumen from oil sands in Alberta (Canada) produces volumes of tailings that are pumped into large anaerobic settling-basins. Beside bitumen, tailings comprise fractions of @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity7 and @entity6 (BTEX) that derive from the application of industrial solvents. Due to their @entity0 and volatility, BTEX pose a strong concern for gas- and water-phase environments in the vicinity of the ponds. The examination of two pond profiles showed that concentrations of indigenous BTEX decreased with depth, pointing at BTEX transformation in situ. With depth, the relative contribution of @entity7 and @entity6 to total BTEX significantly decreased, while @entity4 increased relatively from 44% to 69%, indicating preferential @entity3 degradation. To predict BTEX turnover and residence time, we determined BTEX degradation rates in tailings of different depths in a 180-days microcosm study. In addition, we evaluated the impact of labile organic substrates (e.g. @entity2 ) generally considered to stimulate @entity3 degradation and the contribution of @entity1 -reducing bacteria (SRB) to BTEX turnover. In all depths, BTEX concentrations significantly decreased due to microbial activity, with degradation rates ranging between 4 and 9 gkg(-1)d(-1). BTEX biodegradation decreased linearly in correlation with initial concentrations, suggesting a concentration-dependent BTEX transformation. SRB were not significantly involved in BTEX consumption, indicating the importance of methanogenic degradation. BTEX removal decreased to 70-90% in presence of organic substrates presumptively due to an accumulation of @entity2 that lowered BTEX turnover due to product inhibition. In those assays SRB slightly stimulated BTEX transformation by reducing inhibitory @entity2 levels.

title: Anaerobic BTEX degradation in oil sands tailings ponds: Impact of labile organic carbon and XXXX -reducing bacteria.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have demonstrated that @entity3 is an endogenous modulator of the @entity1 , and could provoke a vasovagal response during head-up tilt test. @entity6 has been the drug of choice to increase the sensitivity of this testing. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of @entity3 in head-up tilt-induced @entity5 in susceptible @entity0 , and to compare the relative sensitivities of @entity3 and @entity6 . METHODS: Thirty @entity0 with unexplained @entity5 (16 female and 14 male, mean age 37.1 +/- 18 years), no @entity1 and negative baseline head-up tilt test were studied. After the baseline test, @entity0 were randomized to receive @entity2 (bolus injections of 3, 6 and 9 mg/ 5 min) or @entity6 (bolus injections of 2, 4 and 6 micrograms/5 min) and underwent a second tilt test. After 15 min at rest, @entity0 received the alternative drug and a third test was performed. Eleven normal control subjects were tested with @entity3 in the upright position to determine its effects. RESULTS: A vasovagal response was induced in 7 @entity0 (23.3%) after @entity2 administration. Nine @entity0 (30%) showed a positive response with @entity6 . Only 2 @entity0 (6.6%) showed a positive response with both drugs. Of the control subjects, one (9%) had a vasovagal response after @entity2 administration. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity2 seems to be a useful tool to provoke @entity4 in susceptible @entity0 during head-up tilt test.

title: [Role of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in head-up tilt-induced XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have demonstrated that @entity3 is an endogenous modulator of the @entity1 , and could provoke a vasovagal response during head-up tilt test. @entity6 has been the drug of choice to increase the sensitivity of this testing. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of @entity3 in head-up tilt-induced @entity5 in susceptible @entity0 , and to compare the relative sensitivities of @entity3 and @entity6 . METHODS: Thirty @entity0 with unexplained @entity5 (16 female and 14 male, mean age 37.1 +/- 18 years), no @entity1 and negative baseline head-up tilt test were studied. After the baseline test, @entity0 were randomized to receive @entity2 (bolus injections of 3, 6 and 9 mg/ 5 min) or @entity6 (bolus injections of 2, 4 and 6 micrograms/5 min) and underwent a second tilt test. After 15 min at rest, @entity0 received the alternative drug and a third test was performed. Eleven normal control subjects were tested with @entity3 in the upright position to determine its effects. RESULTS: A vasovagal response was induced in 7 @entity0 (23.3%) after @entity2 administration. Nine @entity0 (30%) showed a positive response with @entity6 . Only 2 @entity0 (6.6%) showed a positive response with both drugs. Of the control subjects, one (9%) had a vasovagal response after @entity2 administration. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity2 seems to be a useful tool to provoke @entity4 in susceptible @entity0 during head-up tilt test.

title: [Role of XXXX ( @entity2 ) in head-up tilt-induced @entity5 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Recent studies have demonstrated that @entity3 is an endogenous modulator of the @entity1 , and could provoke a vasovagal response during head-up tilt test. @entity6 has been the drug of choice to increase the sensitivity of this testing. The aim of the present study was to analyze the role of @entity3 in head-up tilt-induced @entity5 in susceptible @entity0 , and to compare the relative sensitivities of @entity3 and @entity6 . METHODS: Thirty @entity0 with unexplained @entity5 (16 female and 14 male, mean age 37.1 +/- 18 years), no @entity1 and negative baseline head-up tilt test were studied. After the baseline test, @entity0 were randomized to receive @entity2 (bolus injections of 3, 6 and 9 mg/ 5 min) or @entity6 (bolus injections of 2, 4 and 6 micrograms/5 min) and underwent a second tilt test. After 15 min at rest, @entity0 received the alternative drug and a third test was performed. Eleven normal control subjects were tested with @entity3 in the upright position to determine its effects. RESULTS: A vasovagal response was induced in 7 @entity0 (23.3%) after @entity2 administration. Nine @entity0 (30%) showed a positive response with @entity6 . Only 2 @entity0 (6.6%) showed a positive response with both drugs. Of the control subjects, one (9%) had a vasovagal response after @entity2 administration. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that @entity2 seems to be a useful tool to provoke @entity4 in susceptible @entity0 during head-up tilt test.

title: [Role of @entity2 ( XXXX ) in head-up tilt-induced @entity5 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Short-circuit current (Isc) and transepithelial @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of the @entity1 distal colon mucosa are sensitive to acute @entity2 in vitro. The relative contribution of luminal and serosal oxygenation in sustaining Isc and @entity3 was assessed. @entity1 distal colon Isc and @entity3 responses to @entity2 and reoxygenation of preparations of @entity4 (with and without the mucus gel layer), mounted in an Ussing chamber, and of sacs of everted and non-everted isolated mucosa, were measured. In Ussing chambers, a 5-min total (bilateral) @entity2 reduces Isc and @entity3 by 50 to 70%, while an overshoot was observed on reoxygenation. @entity2 caused about the same effect as total @entity2 , with complete recovery on reoxygenation. Luminal @entity2 had no effect in either Isc or @entity3 . After total @entity2 , selective serosal reoxygenation allowed complete recovery of Isc and @entity3 ; addition of luminal reoxygenation did not further increase Isc and @entity3 . Luminal reoxygenation after total @entity2 did not modify the decrease in Isc and @entity3 , but addition of serosal reoxygenation led to complete recovery. A similar behaviour was seen in isolated mucosa preparations without the mucus gel layer. Baseline Isc and @entity3 of everted sacs were about 45% of those of non-everted sacs, but their response to a @entity2 challenge was slightly attenuated. On reoxygenation, both everted and non-everted sacs showed complete recovery. Summing up: serosal oxygenation is both necessary and sufficient to sustain @entity1 distal colon Isc and @entity3 , while luminal oxygenation is not; there seems to exist a barrier, different from the mucus gel layer, for @entity0 access from the luminal side of the epithelium; and distal colon isolated mucosa everted sac preparations are suboptimally oxygenated.

title: Asymmetrical XXXX availability from serosal and luminal sides of @entity1 distal colon epithelium.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Short-circuit current (Isc) and transepithelial @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of the @entity1 distal colon mucosa are sensitive to acute @entity2 in vitro. The relative contribution of luminal and serosal oxygenation in sustaining Isc and @entity3 was assessed. @entity1 distal colon Isc and @entity3 responses to @entity2 and reoxygenation of preparations of @entity4 (with and without the mucus gel layer), mounted in an Ussing chamber, and of sacs of everted and non-everted isolated mucosa, were measured. In Ussing chambers, a 5-min total (bilateral) @entity2 reduces Isc and @entity3 by 50 to 70%, while an overshoot was observed on reoxygenation. @entity2 caused about the same effect as total @entity2 , with complete recovery on reoxygenation. Luminal @entity2 had no effect in either Isc or @entity3 . After total @entity2 , selective serosal reoxygenation allowed complete recovery of Isc and @entity3 ; addition of luminal reoxygenation did not further increase Isc and @entity3 . Luminal reoxygenation after total @entity2 did not modify the decrease in Isc and @entity3 , but addition of serosal reoxygenation led to complete recovery. A similar behaviour was seen in isolated mucosa preparations without the mucus gel layer. Baseline Isc and @entity3 of everted sacs were about 45% of those of non-everted sacs, but their response to a @entity2 challenge was slightly attenuated. On reoxygenation, both everted and non-everted sacs showed complete recovery. Summing up: serosal oxygenation is both necessary and sufficient to sustain @entity1 distal colon Isc and @entity3 , while luminal oxygenation is not; there seems to exist a barrier, different from the mucus gel layer, for @entity0 access from the luminal side of the epithelium; and distal colon isolated mucosa everted sac preparations are suboptimally oxygenated.

title: Asymmetrical @entity0 availability from serosal and luminal sides of XXXX distal colon epithelium.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with acute @entity2 experience a range of symptoms including @entity5 , muscle aches, and difficulties with concentration and memory that are usually self-limited. This cluster of symptoms is otherwise, similar to those that characterize @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The goal of the present study was to evaluate the cognitive and psychological functioning of @entity6 @entity0 and normal controls (NCs) when they both were experiencing acute @entity4 -like symptoms. To induce @entity4 -like symptoms, we administered @entity3 ( @entity3 ), a cytokine that temporarily activates the acute phase immunological and endocrine responses. METHODS: Nineteen @entity0 who met the 1994 International @entity6 Study Group Criteria and ten normal controls (NCs) completed routine clinical evaluations, neuropsychological tests of short-term memory, selective attention, and executive control, and self-ratings of somatic symptoms and psychological mood before, shortly following, and 1 day after @entity3 administration. RESULTS: @entity6 @entity0 consistently reported more somatic symptoms, even when both groups perceived that they were ill. Both groups somatic symptoms increased during the @entity3 challenge, but the @entity6 @entity0 symptoms increased more rapidly than controls. In general, the @entity6 @entity0 performed similarly to NCs on the cognitive measures before, during, and after the @entity3 . In contrast to predictions, @entity3 provocation did not impair the cognitive performance of either @entity6 @entity0 or NCs. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3 provocation exacerbated the @entity0 self-reported symptoms but did not reveal notable @entity1 between @entity0 and controls during cytokine-induced acute @entity4 -like symptoms.

title: Using an XXXX challenge to evaluate neuropsychological performance in @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with acute @entity2 experience a range of symptoms including @entity5 , muscle aches, and difficulties with concentration and memory that are usually self-limited. This cluster of symptoms is otherwise, similar to those that characterize @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The goal of the present study was to evaluate the cognitive and psychological functioning of @entity6 @entity0 and normal controls (NCs) when they both were experiencing acute @entity4 -like symptoms. To induce @entity4 -like symptoms, we administered @entity3 ( @entity3 ), a cytokine that temporarily activates the acute phase immunological and endocrine responses. METHODS: Nineteen @entity0 who met the 1994 International @entity6 Study Group Criteria and ten normal controls (NCs) completed routine clinical evaluations, neuropsychological tests of short-term memory, selective attention, and executive control, and self-ratings of somatic symptoms and psychological mood before, shortly following, and 1 day after @entity3 administration. RESULTS: @entity6 @entity0 consistently reported more somatic symptoms, even when both groups perceived that they were ill. Both groups somatic symptoms increased during the @entity3 challenge, but the @entity6 @entity0 symptoms increased more rapidly than controls. In general, the @entity6 @entity0 performed similarly to NCs on the cognitive measures before, during, and after the @entity3 . In contrast to predictions, @entity3 provocation did not impair the cognitive performance of either @entity6 @entity0 or NCs. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3 provocation exacerbated the @entity0 self-reported symptoms but did not reveal notable @entity1 between @entity0 and controls during cytokine-induced acute @entity4 -like symptoms.

title: Using an @entity3 challenge to evaluate neuropsychological performance in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), with or without sphincterotomy, has been widely used in @entity0 with severe @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or those with @entity2 and/or obstruction of the biliary tree. Its use in subjects with mild @entity5 is more controversial. AIM: To optimize use of ERCP in @entity0 with mild @entity6 due to @entity9 by identifying clinical and biochemical predictors of @entity8 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: The clinical and biochemical data, images, and outcomes of 83 @entity0 with mild @entity5 hospitalized at the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutricion "Salvador Zubiran" from January 1, 1988 to May 30, 2000 were retrospectively analyzed. All @entity0 received elective cholecystectomy at hospital admission. In 35 cases, ERCP was performed before cholecystectomy (group A). The remaining 48 were operated on without ERCP (group B). In 30, transcystic-cholangiography was done. Forty-seven (57%) were female. Mean age was 47 years (19-90). Mean time between onset of AP and hospital admission was 2.2 days (1-15), and between clinical onset and cholecystectomy, eight days (1-26). Statistical differences were evaluated by non-parametric methods. An univariated and multivariated analysis was performed looking for data to identify @entity8 . RESULTS: @entity8 was found in 27 cases (32%), 18 from group A (51%), and nine for group B (19%) (RR = 4.58, IC 95% = 1.7-12.25, p = 0.004). ERCP was performed in all cases because of clinical suspicion of @entity8 ( @entity7 , @entity4 , and alkaline phosphatase alteration and/or @entity3 ); however, none of the @entity0 of group B in whom @entity8 was operatively diagnosed showed biochemical or radiologic alterations. Subjects with choledocolithiasis presented more frequently a history of @entity1 (RR = 5.75, IC 95% = 1.76-18.7), @entity7 (RR = 3.07, IC 95% = 1.15-8.16) and/or alkaline phosphatase elevation (RR = 4.11, IC 95% = 1.3-12.7). CONCLUSION: The high frequency of @entity8 in subjects with mild @entity6 warranted radiologic exploration of the biliary tree in all @entity0 submitted to cholecystectomy. In those with @entity7 , alkaline phosphatase elevation and/or a history of @entity1 , ERCP should be performed prior to the operation; in others, @entity8 can be discharged by operative transcystic cholangiography. Therapeutic measures for treating @entity8 should be adapted to hospital facilities.

title: [Endoscopic cholangiography in mild XXXX : when and for whom?].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: A clinical trial was carried out to determine whether therapeutic doses of @entity3 could inhibit the response to the @entity2 skin test. METHODS: Forty-five male and female asthmatic and @entity1 @entity0 participated in the study, their ages ranged from 6-14 years old (16 @entity0 and 29 @entity0 ). The clinical trial was random, double-blind, and placebo-controlled. METHODS: Three treatment groups were formed and @entity0 were assigned randomly to them. Groups A and B received @entity3 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg/day, respectively, whereas group C received a placebo (p.o.). All treatments lasted for 10 days. The @entity2 test was applied on the first, fifth and tenth days of treatment, and the size of the wheal and the extension of the flare were evaluated 5 min after the application of the test. The statistical tool used was ANOVA, since the study sought to see the difference among the treatment groups, after including 45 @entity0 in three groups of 15 @entity0 each. RESULTS: No significant statistical difference was observed among the groups using an ANOVA test. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the response to the @entity2 test was not modified by a 10-day treatment with @entity3 at doses of 0.5 mg/kg/day and 1 mg/kg/day.

title: Is the @entity2 skin test inhibited by XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: A clinical trial was carried out to determine whether therapeutic doses of @entity3 could inhibit the response to the @entity2 skin test. METHODS: Forty-five male and female asthmatic and @entity1 @entity0 participated in the study, their ages ranged from 6-14 years old (16 @entity0 and 29 @entity0 ). The clinical trial was random, double-blind, and placebo-controlled. METHODS: Three treatment groups were formed and @entity0 were assigned randomly to them. Groups A and B received @entity3 at 0.5 and 1 mg/kg/day, respectively, whereas group C received a placebo (p.o.). All treatments lasted for 10 days. The @entity2 test was applied on the first, fifth and tenth days of treatment, and the size of the wheal and the extension of the flare were evaluated 5 min after the application of the test. The statistical tool used was ANOVA, since the study sought to see the difference among the treatment groups, after including 45 @entity0 in three groups of 15 @entity0 each. RESULTS: No significant statistical difference was observed among the groups using an ANOVA test. CONCLUSIONS: It was concluded that the response to the @entity2 test was not modified by a 10-day treatment with @entity3 at doses of 0.5 mg/kg/day and 1 mg/kg/day.

title: Is the XXXX skin test inhibited by @entity3 ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Few studies have assessed the IgA antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) positivity in @entity1 @entity0 and there is no information about factors related to its synthesis and its status after colectomy. The aims of the study were to assess the serum IgA ANCA prevalence in @entity1 @entity0 , both nonoperated and operated, and to determine the clinical factors related to this positivity. METHODS: Fifty-four @entity1 @entity0 , 63 @entity1 colectomized @entity0 (32 with @entity6 and 31 with ileal pouch anal @entity2 ), and 24 controls were studied. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies were detected by specific indirect immunofluorescent assays. RESULTS: The percentage of IgA ANCA was significantly higher in @entity0 with ileal pouch anal @entity2 (45%) than in @entity0 with @entity6 (22%). There were no differences related to the presence of @entity5 in ileal pouch anal @entity2 @entity0 . @entity0 with nonoperated extensive @entity3 (47%) had a significantly higher percentage of IgA ANCA than @entity0 with @entity4 (19%). Total percentage of ANCA (IgA and/or IgG) tended to be higher in @entity1 and in @entity0 with ileal pouch anal @entity2 than in @entity0 with @entity6 . However, in ileal pouch anal @entity2 @entity0 , ANCA positivity was mainly due to exclusive IgA production. CONCLUSIONS: A substantial percentage of @entity1 @entity0 , and especially colectomized @entity0 with ileal pouch anal @entity2 , had IgA ANCA, suggesting that ANCA production in @entity1 might be stimulated by an immune reaction in the intestinal mucosa.

title: Factors related to the presence of IgA class antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Individual lung development during the first year of life was studied in surfactant treated preterm @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and healthy controls, as well as in a group who subsequently developed @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Lung development was assessed from functional residual capacity (FRC) and compliance of the respiratory system (Crs). Twenty-one @entity0 with @entity1 after preterm birth received surfactant treatment. Six of them developed @entity2 . Eighteen preterm @entity0 without @entity1 served as a control group. Lung function measurements were performed at term age and 4, 8, and 12 months afterwards. FRC was obtained by means of the closed-system helium dilution technique whereas static Crs was obtained by means of the weighted spirometer technique. At term age, FRC was lower in the @entity2 group compared with uncomplicated @entity1 and controls (p < 0.05). No significant differences between groups were found in the development of FRC during the first year of life (p = 0.4). No differences were found in Crs during the first year of life in surfactant treated @entity0 who recovered from uncomplicated @entity1 and the control group. However, lower values were found in the @entity2 group (p < 0.05). We conclude that surfactant treated @entity0 without @entity2 have similar lung development during the first year of life as control preterm @entity0 .

title: Functional residual capacity and static compliance during the first year in preterm XXXX treated with surfactant.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: This report assesses the efficacy and safety of percutaneous @entity3 and reports on preliminary results of its use. METHODS: The technique was used on 50 @entity0 with 86 painful @entity2 , all of which had failed to respond to earlier conservative medical treatment. The technique involves percutaneous puncture of the involved vertebra via a transpedical approach followed by injection of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) into the compressed vertebra. @entity0 were asked to quantity their degree of @entity1 on Huskisson's visual analogue scale (VAS) to assess the clinical symptoms and surgical results. RESULTS: The procedures were technically successful in all @entity0 , and no complications relating to either the anesthesia or the surgical procedure were reported. The quantity of @entity4 injected per vertebral body varied from 2.5 to 12 ml according to both the position of the damaged vertebra(e) and the severity of the compression @entity2 . @entity1 , as assessed on the Huskisson's VAS, decreased from 82 +/- 15 mm at the baseline to 37 +/- 22 mm on the first postoperative day, and 32 +/- 19 mm at 1 month. Reductions in @entity1 from the baseline to the first day and to 1 month were both statistically significant (p < 0.05). All @entity0 were able to return to their previous activity and quality of life. CONCLUSION: Through the expertise and attention of experienced surgeons, percutaneous vertebroplasty appears to provide a very good surgical choice for @entity0 with @entity3 , as this surgical procedure is able to eliminate the risk of major spinal surgery, and through prompt @entity1 relief, may provide early mobilization and rehabilitation for elderly polymorbid @entity0 .

title: Percutaneous vertebroplasty for the treatment of XXXX : a preliminary report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The optimism that a cure will soon be found for @entity1 and @entity3 is strongly founded on the series of discoveries in the last two decades which showed that adult @entity0 spinal cord axons can be made to regenerate given appropriate conditions and microenvironment. But then, why no cure yet in sight? Why is the delay? Spinal cord scientists are encountering a newfound obstacle in regeneration research. While axons do regenerate up and down through a graft/transplant placed at the injury site, they fail to regenerate further on once they reach healthy cord tissue beyond the injury zone. Research from our laboratory since the 1980s found that the principal reason for this failure of long distance regeneration is that the neural circuitry these axons have to traverse through are in a well-stabilized state which is unreceptive and refractory to new growth. Successful long distance regeneration is possible only within labilized (destabilized) neural tissues. We have shown simple and reliable methods of inducing labile state in adult spinal cord neural circuitry. This is achieved by inducing polyneuronal spinal motor control in the paralyzed limb muscles. We had predicted (Krishnan, 1991, 1983) two outcomes of inductive lability in @entity1 . One is partial revival of functions in the paralyzed limbs. The second outcome addresses effective relinking of the severed cord ends. Our preliminary results from adult paraplegic frogs convince us that inductive lability in these animals is capable of generating new growth and new connections in the distal isolated cord. Locomotor rhythm and function reappeared in the hind limbs, which enabled these animals to swim and progress on surface for long periods of observation up to 120 days. Based on these results we now recommend that inductive lability should be included as an essential component in the treatment strategy for @entity2 repair for effective relinking of the severed cord ends.

title: XXXX repair research: a new combination treatment strategy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Sindbis viruses are arthropod-borne viruses, which are maintained in nature in a Culex mosquito-bird associated transmission cycle, but Aedes species have been suspected as playing a role in infecting @entity0 . In this study, we addressed the question whether or not Germany's most abundant floodwater mosquito species Aedes vexans (Diptera, Culicidae) can serve as an efficient vector for Sindbis viruses. Firstly, the overall susceptibility of Ae. vexans was tested by intrathoracic inoculation of 40 plaque forming units (PFU) @entity1 ( @entity1 , an European @entity4 isolate) per female mosquito. Viral titres rose after inoculation reaching a maximum (about a 350-fold increase) between days 5 and 7. Throughout the three weeks of the experiment, virus was recovered from 85% of the individuals demonstrating that Ae. vexans became persistently infected with @entity1 . @entity2 studies were performed using @entity1 -spiked @entity3 blood and an artificial feeding device mimicking viremic animals with @entity1 titres between 3.7 x 10(6) and 1.3 x 10(7) PFU/ml. The bodies and legs of the mosquitoes were investigated separately. One week after @entity2 , 1 out of 49, and another week later, none of the 36 mosquitoes harboured detectable virus. None of the legs yielded detectable virus at any point in time, indicating that no disseminated @entity2 took place after oral uptake of the virus. Virus titres at 12 and 24 hours after the infectious blood meal were found to directly correspond to the amount of blood meal remaining in the midgut of engorged mosquitoes. Within 24 hours, 50% of the mosquitoes have apparently digested and excreted the blood and no virus could be re-isolated. Interestingly, virus could be recqvered from the faeces of these mosquitoes, collected from the bottom of the cage at 24 hours after feeding. In conclusion, the strain of German Ae. vexans used in this study was found to be refractory to @entity1 because of a midgut @entity2 barrier. Thus, we assume that in a scenario in which @entity4 viremic birds travel through and roost in Germany during their migration, Ae. vexans would probably not play a role either as a bridge vector for @entity0 @entity2 or in establishing a natural transmission cycle in Germany.

title: Transmission studies of a European XXXX in the floodwater mosquito Aedes vexans (Diptera: Culicidae).

answer: @entity4


abstract: Lung @entity2 are a heterogeneous subtype of @entity1 representing approximately 20% of all @entity1 , including @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The frequency appears to be approximately 3% for @entity4 . Diagnosis of @entity4 requires attention to neuroendocrine features by light microscopy and confirmation by immunohistochemical staining for neuroendocrine markers. Both @entity3 and pulmonary @entity4 are high-grade and @entity2 , with higher incidence in males and smokers and peripheral localization. @entity4 is very rare, and the precise diagnosis on small specimens is very difficult, so we have still too few data to define a standard of treatment for pulmonary LCNECs. Data of literature, most based on retrospective analysis, indicated a poor 5-year overall survival, with a high incidence of recurrence after surgery, even in stage I disease. Primary surgery should be the first option in all operable @entity0 because there is no validate therapeutic approach for @entity4 due to lack of clinical trials in this setting. Neoadjuvant @entity5 -based regimens remain only an option for potentially resectable @entity2 . In advanced stages, @entity3 -like chemotherapy seems the best option of treatment, with a good response rate but a poor overall survival (from 8 to 16 months in different case series). New agents are under clinical investigation to improve @entity4 @entity0 ' outcome. We reviewed all data on treatment options feasible for pulmonary @entity4 , both for localized and extensive disease.

title: XXXX : From Epidemiology to Therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Treatment of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) involves aggressive myelosuppressive chemotherapy that is generally administered on an inpatient basis. In our centre, @entity4 therapy has been initiated in hospital and followed by early outpatient supportive care according to guidelines established in 1996. We conducted a review of all @entity0 presenting with @entity4 in our centre between January 1996 and July 1998 to evaluate the safety and feasibility of early outpatient supportive care. Nineteen consecutive @entity0 treated with induction chemotherapy were analyzed. @entity0 were treated with @entity3 and an @entity5 as aggressive @entity4 induction therapy with the intent for early discharge. Ten @entity0 (53%) were discharged within 10 days of starting induction chemotherapy (median 4.5 days). Reasons for remaining in hospital included @entity1 , serious medical complications, and social and geographic factors. @entity0 discharged early had a median of 1.5 readmissions (range 0-3), but had 30% fewer in-hospital days than inpatients (p = 0.03), and 57% fewer days of in-hospital antibiotic therapy (p = 0.01). There were no significant differences in transfusion requirements or episodes of @entity2 between the two groups. Thirty-one cycles of consolidation therapy were administered to the 18 @entity0 who survived induction. Early discharge from hospital was achieved for 30 cycles (97%). Nine cycles of consolidation chemotherapy were delivered using outpatient intravenous infusion pumps (29%). This study supports the feasibility and safety of early discharge and outpatient supportive care following chemotherapy for @entity4 .

title: Outpatient supportive care following chemotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity4