abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 , one of the most common @entity1 seen in the pediatric population, are regularly treated by closed reduction and casting. Our study investigates the effectiveness of Gore-Tex-lined casting in maintaining the reduction of 100% displaced @entity1 compared with traditional @entity3 -lined casts. METHODS: We screened all @entity0 from February 2007 to July 2009 who presented to @entity0 's Hospital in Birmingham, @entity2 with a @entity1 . Only @entity0 with 100% displaced @entity1 were eligible to be assigned to either the @entity3 -lined or Gore-Tex-lined cast groups. Power analysis was performed to identify an adequate @entity0 sample size. The mean maximum change between initial post-reduction x-rays and follow-up x-rays for anterior-posterior (AP) angulation, AP displacement, lateral angulation, and lateral displacement of the radius were calculated for both @entity3 and Gore-Tex groups. The rate of subsequent intervention and/or unacceptable results for each group was also analyzed. RESULTS: Seven hundred and twenty-two @entity0 were treated with @entity1 at our hospital with 59 @entity0 eligible for inclusion in our study. Thirty-six of our @entity0 were treated with @entity3 -lined casts, and 23 @entity0 were treated with Gore-Tex-lined cast. The mean maximum change in AP angulation, AP displacement, lateral angulation, and lateral displacement of the radius after initial reduction was 9.2 degrees, 6.9%, 13.9 degrees, and 13.6%, respectively, for the @entity3 -lined cast group and 7.7 degrees, 6.1%, 14.6 degrees, and 9.6%, respectively, for the Gore-Tex-lined cast group. There were no statistical differences between the means of the 4 measurements (P=0.33, 0.69, 0.73, and 0.10, respectively). There were also no significant differences between groups for final AP and lateral angulation and displacement. Subgroup analysis showed no significant differences in all measurements between @entity3 and Gore-Tex groups. CONCLUSION: Gore-Tex and @entity3 -lined casts are equally effective in their ability to maintain the reduction of 100% displaced @entity1 . Thus, Gore-Tex-lined casts can be offered to pediatric @entity0 immediately after closed reduction of @entity1 of any severity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic level II.

title: A prospective study on the effectiveness of @entity3 versus waterproof cast padding in maintaining the reduction of pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of the study was to investigate the expression of bacterial biofilm (BF) for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and to find out factors affecting BF expression and the influences on its prognosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All specimens were analyzed by a scanning electron microscope and bacterial cultivation from a panel of 93 @entity0 with @entity1 , 20 with @entity3 , and 17 with @entity2 as the control group. Referring to the grade classification criteria from the sinusitis-specific questionnaire Sino-Nasal Outcome Test-20, @entity0 were assessed preoperatively based on common clinical manifestations. @entity0 were followed up for condition improvement as assessed by visual analogue scale and nasal endoscopic examination. RESULTS: In the experimental group, among all the @entity0 , 3 were lost (lost 3.2%). Bacterial biofilm was positive in 64 (71.1%) of 90 @entity0 . Mucosal cilia were observed in varying degrees of injury. Bacterial culture was positive in 60 (66.7%) @entity0 . In the control group, no BF was found and no bacterium was cultured. Bacterial biofilm expression was correlated with the bacterial culture. The BF(+) @entity0 ' visual analogue scale scores 6 months and 1 year postoperation were lower than the BF(-) @entity0 ' scores (P < .05). The BF(+) @entity0 ' Lund-Kennedy scores at 6 months and 1 year postoperation were higher than the BF(-) @entity0 ' scores (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Bacterial biofilm is involved in the pathogenesis of @entity1 and is associated with the bacterial culture. Bacterial biofilm has a certain impact on @entity0 ' prognosis.

title: Factors affecting bacterial biofilm expression in XXXX and the influences on prognosis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The developmental expression of adrenocortical steroid hydroxylases was studied in @entity1 fetuses from 40 to 280 days gestational age. The expression of P-450(17 alpha) is first detected at a gestational age of 50 days and reaches a maximum at 60-70 days. The expression of P-450(17 alpha) then declines and is nondetectable at a gestational age of 100 days. P-450(17 alpha) is not expressed again until about 240 days, i.e. shortly before birth (approximately 280 days). @entity4 , @entity5 , P-450(11 beta) and adrenodoxin were present in fetal adrenals throughout gestation. This "on-off-on" pattern of P-450(17 alpha) expression during fetal development was associated with a corresponding episodic production of @entity2 . Immunoreactive @entity3 (ACTH) levels in fetal plasma were elevated in small fetuses (corresponding to less than or equal to 100 days) and in near-term fetuses (corresponding to greater than 250 days) compared with those in mid-gestation fetuses. In primary culture, adrenal cells from mid-gestation fetuses contained no detectable P-450(17 alpha) but rapidly responded to ACTH with an increase in P-450(17 alpha) protein and mRNA. The tissue specificity of the developmental patterns is emphasized by the fact that both P-450(17 alpha) and @entity4 were detectable throughout the development of the fetal testes, whereas only @entity4 was detectable in fetal @entity1 ovary prior to 200 days. Thus, in fetal @entity1 adrenal it appears that ACTH is the major regulatory factor effecting the intermittent presence of P-450(17 alpha), whereas the presence of the other @entity0 hydroxylases is either regulated by additional factors or shows a much different sensitivity to ACTH.

title: Developmental expression of XXXX adrenocortical steroid hydroxylases. Regulation of P-450(17 alpha) expression leads to episodic fetal @entity2 production.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The developmental expression of adrenocortical steroid hydroxylases was studied in @entity1 fetuses from 40 to 280 days gestational age. The expression of P-450(17 alpha) is first detected at a gestational age of 50 days and reaches a maximum at 60-70 days. The expression of P-450(17 alpha) then declines and is nondetectable at a gestational age of 100 days. P-450(17 alpha) is not expressed again until about 240 days, i.e. shortly before birth (approximately 280 days). @entity4 , @entity5 , P-450(11 beta) and adrenodoxin were present in fetal adrenals throughout gestation. This "on-off-on" pattern of P-450(17 alpha) expression during fetal development was associated with a corresponding episodic production of @entity2 . Immunoreactive @entity3 (ACTH) levels in fetal plasma were elevated in small fetuses (corresponding to less than or equal to 100 days) and in near-term fetuses (corresponding to greater than 250 days) compared with those in mid-gestation fetuses. In primary culture, adrenal cells from mid-gestation fetuses contained no detectable P-450(17 alpha) but rapidly responded to ACTH with an increase in P-450(17 alpha) protein and mRNA. The tissue specificity of the developmental patterns is emphasized by the fact that both P-450(17 alpha) and @entity4 were detectable throughout the development of the fetal testes, whereas only @entity4 was detectable in fetal @entity1 ovary prior to 200 days. Thus, in fetal @entity1 adrenal it appears that ACTH is the major regulatory factor effecting the intermittent presence of P-450(17 alpha), whereas the presence of the other @entity0 hydroxylases is either regulated by additional factors or shows a much different sensitivity to ACTH.

title: Developmental expression of @entity1 adrenocortical steroid hydroxylases. Regulation of P-450(17 alpha) expression leads to episodic fetal XXXX production.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: We compared the long-term costs and outcomes of gastric bypass versus medical therapy (very low-calorie diet plus weekly behavioral modification) for @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: A successful outcome was defined as the loss of at least one third of excess weight that was maintained for the duration of the study. A minimal cost was assigned:  3000 for medical and  24,000 for surgical treatment. A cost per pound of weight lost for all @entity0 successfully monitored was calculated. The Federal Trade Commission recently asked all @entity2 programs to report this cost for @entity0 at least 2 years after therapy. RESULTS: A total of 201 @entity0 entered surgical and 161 entered medical therapy. The surgical group was initially heavier (mean body mass index [kg/m2] +/- SE = 49.3 +/- 0.6 versus 41.2 +/- 0.7, p < 0.01), but each group's lowest mean body mass index was similar (31.8 versus 32.1, respectively). A significantly higher percentage of @entity0 in the surgical versus the medical group were still successful at year 5: 89% versus 21%. The cost per pound lost for medical therapy exceeded the cost of surgical therapy in the sixth posttreatment year (both more than  250/pound). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical treatment appears to be more cost-effective at producing and maintaining @entity2 . It is imperative that long-term follow-up studies be funded to definitely establish this finding.

title: Comparison of the costs associated with medical and surgical treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elective lymph node dissection for @entity3 is still controversial. Experimental studies suggest that differential expression, activation, or both of @entity5 integrins facilitate @entity3 @entity1 . However, the clinical significance of @entity4 expression in @entity0 @entity3 is unclear. METHODS: We examined primary cutaneous @entity3 from 76 @entity0 undergoing elective lymph mode dissection. We quantified the percentage of @entity2 area stained by @entity4 antibody with an image analyzer. RESULTS: @entity4 was expressed in all 23 @entity2 from @entity0 with pathologically positive lymph nodes (LNs) but in only 14 (26%) of 53 cases with pathologically negative nodes (p < 0.001). No @entity0 with @entity4 -negative @entity2 had LN involvement, whereas 23 (62%) of 37 @entity0 with @entity4 -positive @entity2 had LN @entity1 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 21 (91%) of 23 cases with LN @entity1 but only 4 (8%) of 53 cases without had @entity4 staining of 10% or more of @entity2 area (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first to show a correlation between expression of a molecular marker in the primary @entity3 and likelihood of regional LN @entity1 . @entity5 immunostaining of 10% or more of @entity2 area reliably predicts @entity0 most likely to harbor occult LN @entity1 and likely to benefit from ELND.

title: XXXX expression in @entity3 predicts occult lymph node @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elective lymph node dissection for @entity3 is still controversial. Experimental studies suggest that differential expression, activation, or both of @entity5 integrins facilitate @entity3 @entity1 . However, the clinical significance of @entity4 expression in @entity0 @entity3 is unclear. METHODS: We examined primary cutaneous @entity3 from 76 @entity0 undergoing elective lymph mode dissection. We quantified the percentage of @entity2 area stained by @entity4 antibody with an image analyzer. RESULTS: @entity4 was expressed in all 23 @entity2 from @entity0 with pathologically positive lymph nodes (LNs) but in only 14 (26%) of 53 cases with pathologically negative nodes (p < 0.001). No @entity0 with @entity4 -negative @entity2 had LN involvement, whereas 23 (62%) of 37 @entity0 with @entity4 -positive @entity2 had LN @entity1 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 21 (91%) of 23 cases with LN @entity1 but only 4 (8%) of 53 cases without had @entity4 staining of 10% or more of @entity2 area (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first to show a correlation between expression of a molecular marker in the primary @entity3 and likelihood of regional LN @entity1 . @entity5 immunostaining of 10% or more of @entity2 area reliably predicts @entity0 most likely to harbor occult LN @entity1 and likely to benefit from ELND.

title: @entity4 expression in XXXX predicts occult lymph node @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elective lymph node dissection for @entity3 is still controversial. Experimental studies suggest that differential expression, activation, or both of @entity5 integrins facilitate @entity3 @entity1 . However, the clinical significance of @entity4 expression in @entity0 @entity3 is unclear. METHODS: We examined primary cutaneous @entity3 from 76 @entity0 undergoing elective lymph mode dissection. We quantified the percentage of @entity2 area stained by @entity4 antibody with an image analyzer. RESULTS: @entity4 was expressed in all 23 @entity2 from @entity0 with pathologically positive lymph nodes (LNs) but in only 14 (26%) of 53 cases with pathologically negative nodes (p < 0.001). No @entity0 with @entity4 -negative @entity2 had LN involvement, whereas 23 (62%) of 37 @entity0 with @entity4 -positive @entity2 had LN @entity1 (p < 0.001). Furthermore, 21 (91%) of 23 cases with LN @entity1 but only 4 (8%) of 53 cases without had @entity4 staining of 10% or more of @entity2 area (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our study is the first to show a correlation between expression of a molecular marker in the primary @entity3 and likelihood of regional LN @entity1 . @entity5 immunostaining of 10% or more of @entity2 area reliably predicts @entity0 most likely to harbor occult LN @entity1 and likely to benefit from ELND.

title: @entity4 expression in @entity3 predicts occult lymph node XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Alternative methods for abdominal wall closure may be necessary after emergency laparotomy. The purpose of this study was to determine the morbidity and outcome of emergency fascial closure with @entity7 mesh. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of all @entity0 undergoing emergency fascial closure with @entity7 mesh from January 1990 to March 1994. RESULTS: Seventy @entity0 were identified. Indications for mesh placement included @entity1 (40), @entity2 (21), and planned reexploration (7). Enteric fistulas developed in five @entity0 (7.1%). When omentum was interposed between intestine and mesh, the incidence of @entity4 was significantly reduced (0 of 51 vs 5 of 19, p < 0.01). Forty-two @entity0 (60%) survived with wound closure, accomplished by skin flaps in 19 (45%), skin grafting in 11 (26%), and secondary healing in 6 (14%). The mesh was removed in six @entity0 (14%). Complications of mesh extrusion and @entity6 occurred less often after skin flap closure compared with skin grafting or secondary healing (1 of 19 vs 9 of 17, p < 0.01). No @entity3 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 mesh placement is an effective alternative for abdominal closure after emergency laparotomy, even when @entity5 is present. Fistulas associated with its use may be effectively eliminated by the interposition of omentum between bowel and mesh. Wound closure with full-thickness skin flaps is the preferred method for soft tissue coverage when mesh is used.

title: XXXX mesh closure after emergency laparotomy: morbidity and outcome.

answer: @entity7


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: The possible mutagenic and antimutagenic activity of neem oil (NO) and its @entity8 extract (NDE) were, examined in the Ames @entity6 /microsome mutagenicity test and the @entity1 bone marrow micronucleus assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight different strains of @entity6 were, used to study the genotoxicity of neem oil both in the presence and absence of @entity9 induced @entity2 liver homogenate (S9). Two-dose treatment protocol was, employed to study the cytogenetic activity in micronucleus assay. Similarly, the antimutagenic activity of neem oil and NDE was studied against @entity4 ( @entity5 ) and @entity7 ( @entity3 ) in the above two test systems. RESULTS: Neem oil was non-mutagenic in all the eight tester strains of @entity6 both in the presence and absence of S9 mix. In the present study, there was no significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) in neem oil treated groups over the negative control ( @entity8 ) group of animals, indicating the non-clastogenic activity of neem oil in the micronucleus test. Neem oil showed good antimutagenic activity against @entity3 induced mutagenicity compared to its @entity8 extract. However, neem oil showed comparatively less antimutagenicity against MMC in the Ames assay. In vivo anticlastogenic assays shows that neem oil exhibited better activity against @entity3 induced clastogenicity. CONCLUSION: These results indicate non-mutagenic activity of neem oil and significant antimutagenic activity of neem oil suggesting its pharmacological importance for the prevention of @entity0 .

title: Evaluation of mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed oil in the in vitro Ames @entity6 /microsome assay and in vivo XXXX bone marrow micronucleus test.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: The possible mutagenic and antimutagenic activity of neem oil (NO) and its @entity8 extract (NDE) were, examined in the Ames @entity6 /microsome mutagenicity test and the @entity1 bone marrow micronucleus assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight different strains of @entity6 were, used to study the genotoxicity of neem oil both in the presence and absence of @entity9 induced @entity2 liver homogenate (S9). Two-dose treatment protocol was, employed to study the cytogenetic activity in micronucleus assay. Similarly, the antimutagenic activity of neem oil and NDE was studied against @entity4 ( @entity5 ) and @entity7 ( @entity3 ) in the above two test systems. RESULTS: Neem oil was non-mutagenic in all the eight tester strains of @entity6 both in the presence and absence of S9 mix. In the present study, there was no significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCEs) in neem oil treated groups over the negative control ( @entity8 ) group of animals, indicating the non-clastogenic activity of neem oil in the micronucleus test. Neem oil showed good antimutagenic activity against @entity3 induced mutagenicity compared to its @entity8 extract. However, neem oil showed comparatively less antimutagenicity against MMC in the Ames assay. In vivo anticlastogenic assays shows that neem oil exhibited better activity against @entity3 induced clastogenicity. CONCLUSION: These results indicate non-mutagenic activity of neem oil and significant antimutagenic activity of neem oil suggesting its pharmacological importance for the prevention of @entity0 .

title: Evaluation of mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed oil in the in vitro Ames XXXX /microsome assay and in vivo @entity1 bone marrow micronucleus test.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: Robot-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision is a minimally invasive alternative to open surgery for managing upper tract @entity4 . We report oncologic outcomes following robot-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of the initial 65 @entity0 who underwent robot-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision for upper tract @entity4 between 2008 and 2014 were reviewed from our institutional review board approved, prospectively maintained database. All @entity0 underwent surgery with the single docking technique. Baseline demographic features, pathological variables and perioperative data were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier methodology was used for survival analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression was applied to determine the prognostic effect of different variables on survival. RESULTS: Mean @entity0 age was 69.1 years. Final pathological evaluation revealed pT2 stage or lower in 65% of @entity0 , @entity6 in 28.3% and pT4 in 6.7%. High grade pathological findings were present in 85% of @entity0 , including 13.3% with @entity4 in situ and 30% with @entity1 . Median followup was 25.1 months (range 6 to 68.9). At 2 and 5 years overall survival was 86.9% and 62.6%, @entity2 specific survival was 92.9% and 69.5%, and recurrence-free survival was 65.3% and 57.1%, respectively. A total of 23 @entity0 experienced disease recurrence. Bladder recurrence developed in 15 @entity0 , 12 had isolated bladder recurrence and 8 had @entity1 . On univariate analysis age greater than 70 years, preoperative @entity7 , @entity3 and @entity4 in situ were significantly associated with decreased recurrence-free survival (p  = 0.002, 0.04, 0.006 and 0.001, respectively). However, none was statistically significant on multivariate analysis. On univariate analysis impaired preoperative renal function ( @entity5 greater than 2 mg/dl) and @entity1 were associated with reduced @entity2 specific survival (p = 0.03 and 0.01, respectively). However, only @entity1 was associated with @entity2 specific survival on multivariate analysis (p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: Our reported data on oncologic outcomes following robot-assisted laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff excision for upper tract @entity4 demonstrate satisfactory oncologic control at intermediate term followup. Long-term outcomes are required to assess true efficacy.

title: Oncologic Outcomes Following Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy with Bladder Cuff Excision for Upper Tract XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We followed up 73 consecutive @entity0 with a history of syncopal @entity3 on the waiting list for a heart transplant between 1st March 1992 and 15th September 1994 with the aim of evaluating the impact of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on survival. On registration 60 @entity0 were considered fit enough to be ambulant whilst awaiting transplantation. 30 were given @entity1 therapy (group 1) and 30 were not (group 2). 13 @entity0 required inpatient supervision for @entity2 whilst awaiting transplantation, but received no @entity1 therapy (group 3). The 13 in- @entity0 were in a worse clinical state (NYHA) than the 30 out- @entity0 not given @entity1 (p < 0.05). With respect to all other clinical and hemodynamic characteristics all groups were comparable. Waiting time for transplantation was also comparable in all groups (n.s., log-rank method). @entity1 therapy resulted in a significant improvement of survival in these high-risk @entity0 prior to transplantation. Only 1 out of the 30 @entity1 @entity0 (group 2) and 5 out of the 13 in- @entity0 (group 3) (p < 0.05 log-rank method). During the waiting time group 3 @entity0 were hospitalised longest (p < 0.05), but there was a clear trend that also @entity1 @entity0 had to be hospitalised to an increased extent (n.s.). Cox multivariate regression analysis of this study population showed that the cardiac index (p = 0.001) and lack of @entity1 therapy (p = 0.035) were the only independent significant predictors of mortality on the waiting list. @entity1 therapy had no influence on mortality after transplantation (n.s. log-rank method).

title: [Strategies in management of heart transplantation candidates with tachycardic XXXX anamnesis].

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the present study, 81 specimens of Capoeta capoeta gracilis (Keyserling, 1861) were collected from the Shiroud River, the Caspian drainage basin, Iran in June and October 2007. The fish were examined for @entity0 with the @entity1 Rhabdochona fortunatowi (Dinnik, 1933). @entity1 were counted and sexed, then the sex ratio and intestinal site preference of the R. fortunatowi individuals and the intersexual interactions of the parasites were investigated. Significant differences were observed in the prevalence and intensity of @entity0 in relation to host size and sampling season, but not host sex. Parasite burden (mean intensity) was higher in October than in June and the results revealed a decrease in female-to-male sex ratio (FMR) in the fish in October compared to the ones in June. In other words, as the mean intensity of @entity0 of R. fortunatowi increases, the proportion of male worms increases, too. The female-biased sex ratio in June was replaced by a male-biased one in October. @entity1 distribution rose to a significant peak in the mid-region of the fish intestine relative to the anterior and posterior parts. Some changes in the distribution of male and female worms in different parts of the host intestine were also observed during June and October. Density-dependent selection and intersexual competition seem to be the main factors driving such a shift in the sex ratio and its variation in different parts of the host intestine.

title: Variation in the sex ratio of Rhabdochona fortunatowi (Spirurida: Rhabdochonidae) in Capoeta capoeta gracilis (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), relative to levels of XXXX , host size and temperature.

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate prescription opioid use after lumbar fusion for @entity2 in a @entity5 ( @entity5 ) setting. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Use of opioids for treating @entity6 has increased greatly. Few studies have evaluated risk factors for @entity7 ( @entity7 ) among the clinically-distinct @entity5 population. METHODS: We used "Current Procedural Terminology" and "International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision" codes to identify 1002 Ohio @entity5 subjects who underwent lumbar fusion for @entity2 from 1993 to 2013. Postoperative @entity7 was defined as being supplied with opioid analgesics for greater than 1 year after the 6-week acute period after fusion. 575 subjects fit these criteria, forming the @entity7 group. The remaining 427 subjects formed a temporary opioid group. To identify prognostic factors associated with @entity7 after fusion, we used a multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Returning to work was negatively associated with @entity7 (P<0.001; odds ratio [OR] 0.38). @entity7 before fusion (P<0.001; OR 6.15), @entity8 (P<0.001; OR 3.40), additional surgery (P<0.001; OR 2.84), clinically diagnosed @entity3 (P<0.001; OR 2.34), and extended @entity4 before fusion (P=0.038; OR 1.61) were positively associated with @entity7 . The rates of postoperative @entity7 associated with these factors were 27.8%, 79.6%, 85.0%, 76.4%, 77.1%, and 61.3%, respectively. Higher preoperative opioid load (P<0.001) and duration of use (P<0.001) were positively associated with higher postoperative rates of @entity7 . Within 3 years after fusion, the @entity7 group was supplied with an average of 1083.4 days of opioids and 49.0 opioid prescriptions, 86.2% of which were Schedule II. The @entity7 group had an 11.0% return to work rate,  27,952 higher medical costs per subject, 43.5% rate of @entity1 comorbidity, 16.7% rate of @entity8 , and 27.7% rate of additional lumbar surgery. CONCLUSION: The majority of the study population was on @entity7 after fusion. @entity7 was associated with considerably worse outcomes. The poor outcomes of this study could suggest a more limited role for discogenic fusion among @entity5 @entity0 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: Chronic Opioid Therapy After Lumbar Fusion Surgery for XXXX in a Workers' Compensation Setting.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is very evident that many precautions are taken regarding transfusion of red blood cells in @entity0 with autoimmune haemolytic @entity2 . Frequently, considerable efforts are made to examine the indication and serological compatibility prior to transfusion in such @entity0 . However, at times, this may unnecessarily jeopardize @entity0 who urgently require a red blood cell transfusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six @entity0 with warm-type autoimmune haemolytic @entity2 were included in this study. All @entity0 had reactive serum autoantibodies and required blood transfusion. Standard serological assays were employed for the detection and characterization of antibodies to red blood cells. RESULTS: A positive direct antiglobulin test was observed in all 36 @entity0 , in addition to detectable antibodies in both the eluate and serum. Significant alloantibodies were detected in the serum samples of three patients (anti-c, anti-JK(a), and anti-E). In 32 @entity0 , red blood cell transfusion was administered with no significant haemolytic transfusion reactions due to auto- and/or allo-antibodies. Due to overestimation of positive cross-matches three @entity0 received no transfusion or delayed transfusion and died, and one @entity0 died due to unrecognised @entity1 and @entity2 which was attributed to an ineffective red blood cell transfusion. DISCUSSION: Many of the reported recommendations regarding transfusion of red blood cells in autoimmune haemolytic @entity2 are highly questionable, and positive serological cross-matches should not result in a delay or refusal of necessary blood transfusions.

title: Precautions surrounding blood transfusion in autoimmune haemolytic XXXX are overestimated.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are the most common @entity7 , and @entity3 is among the primary symptoms. If the @entity1 is located in the small intestine, diagnosis might be difficult because of its inaccessibility by endoscope. This report presents a case of duodenal @entity5 diagnosed with the aid of diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A 66-year-old male was admitted to the hospital because of @entity6 . The @entity0 demonstrated marked @entity2 . Esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy revealed no involvement of the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract in regard to the observed @entity3 . Thereafter, computed tomography was done and showed a tumorous lesion 4.2  cm in diameter located around the ligament of Treitz. The area showed significant high intensity by DW-MRI, strongly suggesting malignant character. Examination with a long endoscope demonstrated a large submucosal @entity1 with wide ulceration located at the third portion of the duodenum. The biopsy sample contained spindle-shaped cells that were positive for @entity8 and @entity9 on histochemistry, and the @entity1 was diagnosed as @entity5 . The @entity0 underwent surgery and survived for 16  months without any recurrence.

title: A case of a XXXX diagnosed with the aid of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Except after @entity1 resulting in an intracapsular @entity2 of the femoral neck or dislocation of the hip, the causes of pathogenesis in @entity3 of the femoral head have yet to emerge. The circulation to the femoral head may be impaired severely following a traumatic episode. Staging of the pathologic process is important as the selection of the appropriate surgical treatment depends upon the stage at the time of diagnosis. Anteroposterior and lateral roentgenograms are sufficiently accurate to make the diagnosis in Stages II to V. Tomography or Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) are prescribed when roentgenograms are consistent with @entity0 . This recommendation is made because subtle changes may be present that are not apparent on the roentgenogram, such as @entity2 of the surface or beginning segmental collapse. These changes would change the classification to Stage III rather than Stage II. MRI or core biopsy is required for diagnosis in Stage I. Many surgical treatment options have been proposed for the treatment of @entity3 of the femoral head. No one operation has been shown to be superior. Most papers do not have sufficient long-term follow-up evaluation or a significantly large number of cases to allow one to draw firm conclusions about the efficacy of the operation. Total hip replacement or hip arthrodesis is the treatment of choice for the end stages of the disease when the hip joint has degenerated.

title: XXXX of the femoral head. Pathogenesis and long-term results of treatment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the results of surgical correction of @entity4 of the hand due to @entity2 . DESIGN: Descriptive. SETTING: Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and rehabilitation centre De Trappenberg. METHOD: From 1-1-1990 until 1-6-1994 twenty @entity0 with @entity3 upper limb in @entity2 were operated in our hospital. They were all seen preoperatively by our multidisciplinary team, and selected according to the Zancolli classification. Seventeen operations were aimed at improving hand function, the other three were performed for contractures or for cosmetic/hygienic reasons. Surgery was aimed at correcting the muscular imbalance, by weakening @entity3 muscles via tenotomy or lengthening and by reinforcing paralysed muscles via tendon transfer or rerouting. Often stabilisation of joints by tenodesis, capsulodesis or arthrodesis was necessary as well. RESULTS: Eighteen of the twenty @entity0 were (very) happy with the results. In two @entity0 there was no functional gain. Only once was a @entity1 seen: @entity5 of the first carpometacarpal joint. This was corrected successfully by rearthrodesis. We found we were able to predict the functional outcome fairly accurately. CONCLUSION: With accurate @entity0 selection, surgical intervention in @entity0 with @entity2 may restore hand function adequately and predictably.

title: [Surgical possibilities in XXXX of arm and hand].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the validity of the Mini-mental state (MMS) in a neurological population. DESIGN: Comparing the results of a neuropsychological examination and the MMS score. SETTING: Departments of Neurology/Neuropsychology of the University Hospital Leiden. METHODS: One hundred and forty-seven @entity0 participated in the study. One hundred and eight @entity0 were classified into two diagnostic groups according to the deterioration index (obtained from test results of the neuropsychological examination) and DSM-III-R criteria: 63 @entity0 had @entity2 , 45 did not; the other 39 @entity0 were found to have specific @entity1 and were excluded from the group comparisons. The discriminative powers of the deterioration index and the MMS were compared; sensitivity and specificity were determined with several cut-off scores of the MMS. RESULTS: The @entity4 had limited power to discriminate between demented and @entity3 @entity0 . The MMS score was strongly related to premorbid intelligence, occupational level and age. Increasing the original cut-off score to 25 points improved sensitivity and specificity to 79% and 84% respectively (with the original cut-off level these were 68% and 93%). CONCLUSION: The diagnostic value of the MMS is limited, especially in @entity0 for whom a correct diagnosis is most relevant.

title: [The Mini Mental Status test inadequate as screening test for XXXX in a neurological department].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging was performed to determine the changes in water diffusion and to investigate the detectability of diffusion anisotropy in @entity0 with @entity9 . Diffusion maps of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were created of 19 @entity0 with @entity4 , five with intracerebral @entity8 , four with @entity3 , four with @entity10 , four with @entity6 , and five with subdural @entity8 . ADC was increased in chronic @entity4 , and decreased in acute @entity4 , @entity10 , and the marginal area of @entity3 compared with the ADC of the normal gray matter. There was a significant difference in ADC between the marginal and internal areas of @entity3 . Increased ADC may be due to increased vasogenic @entity1 in @entity5 and a lack of significant restriction of diffusion within @entity3 . Decreased ADC can be attributed to restricted diffusion caused by @entity11 in @entity5 and the underlying histological pattern of densely packed @entity2 cells in @entity3 . Diffusion anisotropy of the internal capsule was less detectable in pathological than normal hemispheres. Diffusion anisotropy was less detectable in @entity0 with @entity6 and subdural @entity8 . @entity9 were thought to have influenced the compression of the brain structures and cells, resulting in decreased diffusion. The measurement of ADC by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging has the potential for greater understanding of the biophysical changes in various @entity9 , including correct diagnosis of cerebral infraction, and histological diagnosis of @entity7 .

title: Clinical application of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: CONTEXT: A recent genome-wide association study identified variants near @entity0 / @entity4 ( @entity2 ) and in @entity1 ( @entity3 ) to be associated with birth weight. We examined the associations of these variants with fetal growth characteristics in different trimesters, with a main interest in the timing of the associations and the affected body proportions. METHODS: We used data from two prospective cohort studies from fetal life onward in The Netherlands and Australia. Repeated fetal ultrasound examinations were performed to measure head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW). Analyses were based on a total group of 3909 subjects. RESULTS: The C-allele of @entity2 was associated in second trimester with smaller fetal HC and FL, and in third trimester with smaller HC, AC, FL, and EFW. For each C-allele, the combined effect estimate for EFW in third trimester was -18.6 g (95% confidence interval, -27.5, -9.7 g; P = 4.2   10(-5)). The C-allele of @entity3 was not associated with fetal growth characteristics in second trimester but was associated with restriction of all growth characteristics, except HC, in third trimester and at birth. For each C-allele, the combined effect estimate was -16.9 g (95% confidence interval, -26.8, -7.0 g; P = 8.4   10(-4)) for EFW in third trimester. Both genetic variants were associated with lower birth and placenta weight. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a genetic variant of @entity2 leads to symmetric growth restriction from early pregnancy onward, whereas a genetic variant of @entity3 leads to asymmetric growth restriction, characterized by a relatively larger HC, from third trimester.

title: Variants near XXXX / @entity4 and in @entity1 and fetal growth characteristics in different trimesters.

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: A recent genome-wide association study identified variants near @entity0 / @entity4 ( @entity2 ) and in @entity1 ( @entity3 ) to be associated with birth weight. We examined the associations of these variants with fetal growth characteristics in different trimesters, with a main interest in the timing of the associations and the affected body proportions. METHODS: We used data from two prospective cohort studies from fetal life onward in The Netherlands and Australia. Repeated fetal ultrasound examinations were performed to measure head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW). Analyses were based on a total group of 3909 subjects. RESULTS: The C-allele of @entity2 was associated in second trimester with smaller fetal HC and FL, and in third trimester with smaller HC, AC, FL, and EFW. For each C-allele, the combined effect estimate for EFW in third trimester was -18.6 g (95% confidence interval, -27.5, -9.7 g; P = 4.2   10(-5)). The C-allele of @entity3 was not associated with fetal growth characteristics in second trimester but was associated with restriction of all growth characteristics, except HC, in third trimester and at birth. For each C-allele, the combined effect estimate was -16.9 g (95% confidence interval, -26.8, -7.0 g; P = 8.4   10(-4)) for EFW in third trimester. Both genetic variants were associated with lower birth and placenta weight. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a genetic variant of @entity2 leads to symmetric growth restriction from early pregnancy onward, whereas a genetic variant of @entity3 leads to asymmetric growth restriction, characterized by a relatively larger HC, from third trimester.

title: Variants near @entity0 / @entity4 and in XXXX and fetal growth characteristics in different trimesters.

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: A recent genome-wide association study identified variants near @entity0 / @entity4 ( @entity2 ) and in @entity1 ( @entity3 ) to be associated with birth weight. We examined the associations of these variants with fetal growth characteristics in different trimesters, with a main interest in the timing of the associations and the affected body proportions. METHODS: We used data from two prospective cohort studies from fetal life onward in The Netherlands and Australia. Repeated fetal ultrasound examinations were performed to measure head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), femur length (FL), and estimated fetal weight (EFW). Analyses were based on a total group of 3909 subjects. RESULTS: The C-allele of @entity2 was associated in second trimester with smaller fetal HC and FL, and in third trimester with smaller HC, AC, FL, and EFW. For each C-allele, the combined effect estimate for EFW in third trimester was -18.6 g (95% confidence interval, -27.5, -9.7 g; P = 4.2   10(-5)). The C-allele of @entity3 was not associated with fetal growth characteristics in second trimester but was associated with restriction of all growth characteristics, except HC, in third trimester and at birth. For each C-allele, the combined effect estimate was -16.9 g (95% confidence interval, -26.8, -7.0 g; P = 8.4   10(-4)) for EFW in third trimester. Both genetic variants were associated with lower birth and placenta weight. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that a genetic variant of @entity2 leads to symmetric growth restriction from early pregnancy onward, whereas a genetic variant of @entity3 leads to asymmetric growth restriction, characterized by a relatively larger HC, from third trimester.

title: Variants near @entity0 / XXXX and in @entity1 and fetal growth characteristics in different trimesters.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of different peak GH cut-off limits after @entity4 - @entity3 test, @entity2 measurement, or their combination in identifying @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). DESIGN AND @entity0 : Totally, 894 normal subjects (used for determining @entity2 normative limits) and 302 @entity0 with suspected @entity1 were included. Different peak GH cut-off limits (used by European (depending on body mass index (BMI)) or North American (4.1 g/l) Endocrine Societies, by HypoCCs (2.5 g/l), or with 95% specificity (based on BMI), Method 1, 2, 3, or 4 respectively) and @entity2 were considered. METHODS: Peak GH after @entity4 - @entity3 and @entity2 . RESULTS: Different peak GH cut-off limits recognized different proportions of @entity1 (range, 24.8-62.9%). Methods 1 and 2 with high sensitivity recognized a higher proportion (95.5 and 92.5% respectively) of @entity1 among @entity0 with three (T) @entity1 ( @entity1 ), whereas Method 4 (with high specificity) identified 96.7% normal subjects among those without pituitary @entity1 ; on the contrary, Method 4 identified only 75% @entity1 among @entity0 with @entity5 , whereas Method 1 recognized a high proportion (40%) of @entity1 among subjects without @entity1 . Of the total @entity0 , 82% with @entity5 and 84.5% without @entity1 were recognized as @entity1 or normal respectively by @entity2 . Among the remaining @entity0 with @entity5 and normal @entity2 , 75% was recognized as @entity1 by Method 1; among @entity0 without @entity1 and abnormal @entity2 , 87.5% was identified as normal by Method 4. Overall, combination of @entity2 and Method 1 or Method 4 identified 95.5% @entity1 among @entity0 with @entity5 and 98.1% normal subjects among those without @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Single peak GH cut-offs have limits to sharply differentiate @entity1 from normal subjects; @entity2 may be used for selecting @entity0 to be submitted to the @entity4 - @entity3 test; the peak GH cut-off limits to be used for identifying healthy or diseased @entity0 depend mainly on the clinical context.

title: Impact of different cut-off limits of peak GH after XXXX -arginine stimulatory test, single @entity2 measurement, or their combination in identifying adult @entity0 with GH deficiency.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of different peak GH cut-off limits after @entity4 - @entity3 test, @entity2 measurement, or their combination in identifying @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). DESIGN AND @entity0 : Totally, 894 normal subjects (used for determining @entity2 normative limits) and 302 @entity0 with suspected @entity1 were included. Different peak GH cut-off limits (used by European (depending on body mass index (BMI)) or North American (4.1 g/l) Endocrine Societies, by HypoCCs (2.5 g/l), or with 95% specificity (based on BMI), Method 1, 2, 3, or 4 respectively) and @entity2 were considered. METHODS: Peak GH after @entity4 - @entity3 and @entity2 . RESULTS: Different peak GH cut-off limits recognized different proportions of @entity1 (range, 24.8-62.9%). Methods 1 and 2 with high sensitivity recognized a higher proportion (95.5 and 92.5% respectively) of @entity1 among @entity0 with three (T) @entity1 ( @entity1 ), whereas Method 4 (with high specificity) identified 96.7% normal subjects among those without pituitary @entity1 ; on the contrary, Method 4 identified only 75% @entity1 among @entity0 with @entity5 , whereas Method 1 recognized a high proportion (40%) of @entity1 among subjects without @entity1 . Of the total @entity0 , 82% with @entity5 and 84.5% without @entity1 were recognized as @entity1 or normal respectively by @entity2 . Among the remaining @entity0 with @entity5 and normal @entity2 , 75% was recognized as @entity1 by Method 1; among @entity0 without @entity1 and abnormal @entity2 , 87.5% was identified as normal by Method 4. Overall, combination of @entity2 and Method 1 or Method 4 identified 95.5% @entity1 among @entity0 with @entity5 and 98.1% normal subjects among those without @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Single peak GH cut-offs have limits to sharply differentiate @entity1 from normal subjects; @entity2 may be used for selecting @entity0 to be submitted to the @entity4 - @entity3 test; the peak GH cut-off limits to be used for identifying healthy or diseased @entity0 depend mainly on the clinical context.

title: Impact of different cut-off limits of peak GH after @entity4 -arginine stimulatory test, single XXXX measurement, or their combination in identifying adult @entity0 with GH deficiency.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of different peak GH cut-off limits after @entity4 - @entity3 test, @entity2 measurement, or their combination in identifying @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). DESIGN AND @entity0 : Totally, 894 normal subjects (used for determining @entity2 normative limits) and 302 @entity0 with suspected @entity1 were included. Different peak GH cut-off limits (used by European (depending on body mass index (BMI)) or North American (4.1 g/l) Endocrine Societies, by HypoCCs (2.5 g/l), or with 95% specificity (based on BMI), Method 1, 2, 3, or 4 respectively) and @entity2 were considered. METHODS: Peak GH after @entity4 - @entity3 and @entity2 . RESULTS: Different peak GH cut-off limits recognized different proportions of @entity1 (range, 24.8-62.9%). Methods 1 and 2 with high sensitivity recognized a higher proportion (95.5 and 92.5% respectively) of @entity1 among @entity0 with three (T) @entity1 ( @entity1 ), whereas Method 4 (with high specificity) identified 96.7% normal subjects among those without pituitary @entity1 ; on the contrary, Method 4 identified only 75% @entity1 among @entity0 with @entity5 , whereas Method 1 recognized a high proportion (40%) of @entity1 among subjects without @entity1 . Of the total @entity0 , 82% with @entity5 and 84.5% without @entity1 were recognized as @entity1 or normal respectively by @entity2 . Among the remaining @entity0 with @entity5 and normal @entity2 , 75% was recognized as @entity1 by Method 1; among @entity0 without @entity1 and abnormal @entity2 , 87.5% was identified as normal by Method 4. Overall, combination of @entity2 and Method 1 or Method 4 identified 95.5% @entity1 among @entity0 with @entity5 and 98.1% normal subjects among those without @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Single peak GH cut-offs have limits to sharply differentiate @entity1 from normal subjects; @entity2 may be used for selecting @entity0 to be submitted to the @entity4 - @entity3 test; the peak GH cut-off limits to be used for identifying healthy or diseased @entity0 depend mainly on the clinical context.

title: Impact of different cut-off limits of peak GH after @entity4 -arginine stimulatory test, single @entity2 measurement, or their combination in identifying adult XXXX with GH deficiency.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Lymph node involvement by histopathology informs @entity3 prognosis, whereas recurrence in 25% of node-negative @entity0 suggests the presence of occult @entity1 . @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a marker of @entity3 cells that identifies occult nodal metastases associated with recurrence risk. Here, we defined the association of @entity2 burden, quantified by @entity4 reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR), with outcomes in @entity3 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Lymph nodes (range: 2-159) from 291 prospectively enrolled node-negative @entity3 @entity0 were analyzed by histopathology and @entity4 quantitative RT-PCR. @entity0 were followed for a median of 24 months (range: 2-63). Time to recurrence and disease-free survival served as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Association of outcomes with prognostic markers, including molecular @entity2 burden, was estimated by recursive partitioning and Cox models. RESULTS: In this cohort, 176 (60%) @entity0 exhibited @entity2 burden (Mol(Low)), and all but four remained free of disease [recurrence rate 2.3% (95% CI, 0.1-4.5%)]. Also, 90 (31%) @entity0 exhibited intermediate @entity2 burden (Mol(Int)) and 30 [33.3% (23.7-44.1)] developed recurrent disease. Furthermore, 25 (9%) @entity0 exhibited @entity2 burden (Mol(High)) and 17 [68.0% (46.5-85.1)] developed recurrent disease (P < 0.001). Occult @entity2 burden was an independent marker of prognosis. Mol(Int) and Mol(High) @entity0 exhibited a graded risk of earlier time to recurrence [Mol(Int), adjusted HR 25.52 (11.08-143.18); P < 0.001; Mol(High), 65.38 (39.01-676.94); P < 0.001] and reduced disease-free survival [Mol(Int), 9.77 (6.26-87.26); P < 0.001; Mol(High), 22.97 (21.59-316.16); P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: Molecular @entity2 burden in lymph nodes is independently associated with time to recurrence and disease-free survival in @entity0 with node-negative @entity3 .

title: Occult @entity2 burden predicts disease recurrence in lymph node-negative XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Lymph node involvement by histopathology informs @entity3 prognosis, whereas recurrence in 25% of node-negative @entity0 suggests the presence of occult @entity1 . @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a marker of @entity3 cells that identifies occult nodal metastases associated with recurrence risk. Here, we defined the association of @entity2 burden, quantified by @entity4 reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR), with outcomes in @entity3 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Lymph nodes (range: 2-159) from 291 prospectively enrolled node-negative @entity3 @entity0 were analyzed by histopathology and @entity4 quantitative RT-PCR. @entity0 were followed for a median of 24 months (range: 2-63). Time to recurrence and disease-free survival served as primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. Association of outcomes with prognostic markers, including molecular @entity2 burden, was estimated by recursive partitioning and Cox models. RESULTS: In this cohort, 176 (60%) @entity0 exhibited @entity2 burden (Mol(Low)), and all but four remained free of disease [recurrence rate 2.3% (95% CI, 0.1-4.5%)]. Also, 90 (31%) @entity0 exhibited intermediate @entity2 burden (Mol(Int)) and 30 [33.3% (23.7-44.1)] developed recurrent disease. Furthermore, 25 (9%) @entity0 exhibited @entity2 burden (Mol(High)) and 17 [68.0% (46.5-85.1)] developed recurrent disease (P < 0.001). Occult @entity2 burden was an independent marker of prognosis. Mol(Int) and Mol(High) @entity0 exhibited a graded risk of earlier time to recurrence [Mol(Int), adjusted HR 25.52 (11.08-143.18); P < 0.001; Mol(High), 65.38 (39.01-676.94); P < 0.001] and reduced disease-free survival [Mol(Int), 9.77 (6.26-87.26); P < 0.001; Mol(High), 22.97 (21.59-316.16); P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: Molecular @entity2 burden in lymph nodes is independently associated with time to recurrence and disease-free survival in @entity0 with node-negative @entity3 .

title: Occult XXXX burden predicts disease recurrence in lymph node-negative @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The occurrence of minimal @entity2 is an important prognostic factor under @entity3 in @entity0 and adults. In overwhelming majority of research studies bone marrow is used to detect minimal @entity2 . The comparative characteristic of detection of minimal @entity4 and bone marrow was carried out. The prognostic role of occurrence of minimal @entity4 and bone marrow under therapy according protocol @entity6 -Baby was evaluated. The analysis embraced 142 pair samples from 53 @entity0 with @entity3 and various displacements of gene @entity6 younger than 365 days. The minimal @entity2 was detected by force of identification of chimeric transcripts using polymerase chain reaction in real-time mode in 7 sequential points of observation established by protocol of therapy. The comparability of results of qualitative detection of minimal @entity2 in bone marrow and peripheral blood amounted to 84.5%. At that, in all 22 (15.5%) discordant samples minimal @entity2 was detected only in bone marrow. Despite of high level of comparability of results of detection of minimal @entity4 and bone marrow the occurrence of minimal @entity4 at various stages of therapy demonstrated no independent prognostic significance. The established differences had no relationship with sensitivity of method determined by value of absolute expression of gene @entity5 . Most likely, these differences reflected real distribution of @entity1 cells. The results of study demonstrated that application of peripheral blood instead of bone marrow for monitoring of minimal @entity2 under @entity3 in @entity0 of first year of life is inappropriate. At the same time, retention of minimal @entity2 in TH4 in bone marrow was an independent and prognostic unfavorable factor under therapy of @entity3 of @entity0 of first year of life according protocol @entity6 -Baby (OO=7.326, confidence interval 2.378-22.565).

title: [THE COMPARISON OF RESULTS OF DETECTION OF MINIMAL RESIDUAL DISEASE IN PERIPHERAL BLOOD AND MARROW IN XXXX OF THE FIRST YEAR OF LIFE WITH ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUCOSIS].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The authors examine the behaviour of electric systole during @entity4 treatment using doses of at least 10 mg/die in association with modifications of @entity1 signs recorded using surface ECG in a series of 70 elderly @entity0 . @entity0 were subdivided into three groups according to the results obtained from a comparison of real electric systole ( @entity3 ) with that corrected for ventricular frequency (Qtc), as well as the difference expressed in mean values (VM). 1) @entity0 with elongated @entity3 . Following @entity4 treatment this group showed a mean elongation of electric systole of 0.393" +/- 0.025 with a R correlation index between electric systoles before and after treatment of 0.633" which expresses the amplitude of the elongation for each starting @entity3 unit (p < 0.001). The mean value in the two conditions increased from -1.381 +/- 2.111 contraction units to 3.568 +/- 2.697 elongation units and mean deviation was 4.886 +/- 2.170 units with an absolute value of 211.0 units which expresses the elongation of the electric systole in the overall sample compared to @entity2 antagonists as an iatrogenic phenomenon. @entity1 signs improved or disappeared in 40 out of 44 cases (90.91%) for the T wave and in 36 out of 41 cases (87.80%) for the ST tract. 2) @entity0 with normalised @entity3 . In 6 cases which showed elongated pretreatment electric systole, it was observed that values became normal passing from a mean of 0.390" +/- 0.40 to 0.377" +/- 0.053. Mean deviation diminished from 3.833 +/- 0.983 units to 1.333 +/- 1.211 units with statistical significance only for paired data in 2 groups (p < 0.001), without correlation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX in the treatment of @entity1 in the aged. Study of electric systole].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The authors examine the behaviour of electric systole during @entity4 treatment using doses of at least 10 mg/die in association with modifications of @entity1 signs recorded using surface ECG in a series of 70 elderly @entity0 . @entity0 were subdivided into three groups according to the results obtained from a comparison of real electric systole ( @entity3 ) with that corrected for ventricular frequency (Qtc), as well as the difference expressed in mean values (VM). 1) @entity0 with elongated @entity3 . Following @entity4 treatment this group showed a mean elongation of electric systole of 0.393" +/- 0.025 with a R correlation index between electric systoles before and after treatment of 0.633" which expresses the amplitude of the elongation for each starting @entity3 unit (p < 0.001). The mean value in the two conditions increased from -1.381 +/- 2.111 contraction units to 3.568 +/- 2.697 elongation units and mean deviation was 4.886 +/- 2.170 units with an absolute value of 211.0 units which expresses the elongation of the electric systole in the overall sample compared to @entity2 antagonists as an iatrogenic phenomenon. @entity1 signs improved or disappeared in 40 out of 44 cases (90.91%) for the T wave and in 36 out of 41 cases (87.80%) for the ST tract. 2) @entity0 with normalised @entity3 . In 6 cases which showed elongated pretreatment electric systole, it was observed that values became normal passing from a mean of 0.390" +/- 0.40 to 0.377" +/- 0.053. Mean deviation diminished from 3.833 +/- 0.983 units to 1.333 +/- 1.211 units with statistical significance only for paired data in 2 groups (p < 0.001), without correlation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ @entity4 in the treatment of XXXX in the aged. Study of electric systole].

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effect of a rotating microkeratome (M2) and a linear microkeratome (SBK) on the change in the astigmatic component in eyes with preoperative plano refractive cylinder. SETTING: University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: An Allegretto excimer laser was used to perform laser ablation in myopic eyes of consecutive @entity0 . The laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) procedure included mechanical @entity3 preparation using a microkeratome, either a linear type with a single-use 90  m head to create a nasal hinge or a rotating type with a single-use 90  m head to create a superior hinge. The Alpins vector method was applied to describe the effects of LASIK on postoperative refractive cylinder. RESULTS: The study evaluated 1045 eyes of 852 @entity0 . Although the mean overall efficacy and safety indices indicate the procedure was highly precise, safe, and efficient, there were statistically significant differences in surgically induced @entity1 (SIA) between the microkeratomes (P  =  .002). The postoperative refractive cylinder (ie, SIA) was 0.75 diopter (D) or more in 116 eyes (11.1%), 44 (12.8%) of 344 linear cases and 72 (10.3%) of 701 rotating cases. Independent of the type of microkeratome used, the SIA was slightly higher in eyes treated first; the mean magnitude of the induced @entity1 was 0.35 D. CONCLUSIONS: In approximately 10% of eyes with preoperative plano refractive @entity2 , the astigmatic component tended to be overcorrected. Nevertheless, independent of the type of microkeratome, the maximum mean magnitude of refractive cylinder documented was 0.35 D. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: @entity3 -induced @entity1 in eyes with sphere XXXX correction: Superior hinge using a rotating microkeratome versus nasal hinge using a linear microkeratome.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effect of a rotating microkeratome (M2) and a linear microkeratome (SBK) on the change in the astigmatic component in eyes with preoperative plano refractive cylinder. SETTING: University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: An Allegretto excimer laser was used to perform laser ablation in myopic eyes of consecutive @entity0 . The laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) procedure included mechanical @entity3 preparation using a microkeratome, either a linear type with a single-use 90  m head to create a nasal hinge or a rotating type with a single-use 90  m head to create a superior hinge. The Alpins vector method was applied to describe the effects of LASIK on postoperative refractive cylinder. RESULTS: The study evaluated 1045 eyes of 852 @entity0 . Although the mean overall efficacy and safety indices indicate the procedure was highly precise, safe, and efficient, there were statistically significant differences in surgically induced @entity1 (SIA) between the microkeratomes (P  =  .002). The postoperative refractive cylinder (ie, SIA) was 0.75 diopter (D) or more in 116 eyes (11.1%), 44 (12.8%) of 344 linear cases and 72 (10.3%) of 701 rotating cases. Independent of the type of microkeratome used, the SIA was slightly higher in eyes treated first; the mean magnitude of the induced @entity1 was 0.35 D. CONCLUSIONS: In approximately 10% of eyes with preoperative plano refractive @entity2 , the astigmatic component tended to be overcorrected. Nevertheless, independent of the type of microkeratome, the maximum mean magnitude of refractive cylinder documented was 0.35 D. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: XXXX -induced @entity1 in eyes with sphere @entity2 correction: Superior hinge using a rotating microkeratome versus nasal hinge using a linear microkeratome.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the effect of a rotating microkeratome (M2) and a linear microkeratome (SBK) on the change in the astigmatic component in eyes with preoperative plano refractive cylinder. SETTING: University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: An Allegretto excimer laser was used to perform laser ablation in myopic eyes of consecutive @entity0 . The laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) procedure included mechanical @entity3 preparation using a microkeratome, either a linear type with a single-use 90  m head to create a nasal hinge or a rotating type with a single-use 90  m head to create a superior hinge. The Alpins vector method was applied to describe the effects of LASIK on postoperative refractive cylinder. RESULTS: The study evaluated 1045 eyes of 852 @entity0 . Although the mean overall efficacy and safety indices indicate the procedure was highly precise, safe, and efficient, there were statistically significant differences in surgically induced @entity1 (SIA) between the microkeratomes (P  =  .002). The postoperative refractive cylinder (ie, SIA) was 0.75 diopter (D) or more in 116 eyes (11.1%), 44 (12.8%) of 344 linear cases and 72 (10.3%) of 701 rotating cases. Independent of the type of microkeratome used, the SIA was slightly higher in eyes treated first; the mean magnitude of the induced @entity1 was 0.35 D. CONCLUSIONS: In approximately 10% of eyes with preoperative plano refractive @entity2 , the astigmatic component tended to be overcorrected. Nevertheless, independent of the type of microkeratome, the maximum mean magnitude of refractive cylinder documented was 0.35 D. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: @entity3 -induced XXXX in eyes with sphere @entity2 correction: Superior hinge using a rotating microkeratome versus nasal hinge using a linear microkeratome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity8 ( @entity8 ) of the mammary gland represents an early, pre-invasive stage in the development of @entity0 . Since @entity8 is a curable disease, it would be highly desirable to identify molecular markers that allow early detection. @entity3 transgenic for the WAP-SV40 early genome region were used as a model for @entity8 development. Gene expression profiling was carried out on @entity8 -bearing @entity3 and control animals. Additionally, a set of @entity1 @entity8 and invasive @entity2 were analyzed in a similar fashion. Enhanced expression of these marker genes in @entity1 and @entity3 samples was validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Besides, marker gene expression was also validated by immunohistochemistry of @entity1 samples. Furthermore in silico analyses using an online microarray database were performed. RESULTS: In @entity8 - @entity3 seven genes were identified that were significantly up-regulated in @entity8 : @entity11 , @entity12 , @entity13 , @entity7 , @entity9 , @entity10 and @entity6 . A similar up-regulation of homologues of the @entity3 genes was observed in @entity1 @entity8 samples. Enhanced expression of these genes in @entity8 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was validated by quantitative RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. CONCLUSIONS: By comparing @entity3 markers for the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) of the mammary gland with genes up-regulated in @entity1 @entity8 -samples we were able to identify a set of genes which might allow early detection of @entity8 and invasive @entity4 in the future. The similarities between gene expression in @entity8 and invasive @entity4 in our data suggest that the early detection and treatment of @entity8 is of utmost relevance for the survival of @entity1 who are at high risk of developing @entity0 .

title: Identification of early molecular markers for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the epidemiologic characteristics of @entity0 who have mild dyskaryosis on cervical smear but @entity1 ( @entity1 ) grade II or III at biopsy. METHODS: We analyzed information from 291 @entity0 (median age 33 years, range 17-69) observed for the first time with a single smear test showing mild dyskaryosis. All subjects underwent colposcopy, and histologic confirmation was obtained by biopsy. We compared the characteristics of @entity0 who had @entity1 I or no evidence of @entity1 with those of @entity0 with @entity1 or III at biopsy. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity0 (10%) had @entity1 I at biopsy, 46 (15%) @entity1 , and 23 (8%) @entity1 . The frequency of @entity1 or III tended to decrease with increasing education; compared with @entity0 reporting 11 or fewer years of education, the multivariate odds ratios (OR) of @entity1 was 0.5 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3-0.9) in those reporting 11 years of education or more. Compared with nulliparas, the OR of @entity1 or III was 1.8 (95% CI 1.1-3.5) for parous @entity0 . Furthermore, compared with never-smokers, the OR of @entity1 or III was 2.3 (95% CI 1.0-5.4) for current smokers. Ex-smokers were at increased risk, too; the estimated multivariate OR was 3.8 (95% CI 1.9-7.6). Compared with @entity0 reporting one sexual partner, the multivariate ORs of @entity1 or III were 1.4 and 2.3 for @entity0 reporting two to three or four or more sexual partners, respectively (chi 2(1) trend = 6.65, P < .05). CONCLUSION: Our results show that smoking is a risk indicator of @entity1 or III in @entity0 with a single smear showing mild dyskaryosis. Parous @entity0 , those of low social standing, and those reporting multiple sexual partners also are at increased risk of @entity1 or III.

title: Determinants of high-grade dysplasia among XXXX with mild dyskaryosis on cervical smear.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 proteins (Hsp) perform cytoprotective functions such as apoptosis regulation and inflammatory response control. These proteins can also be secreted to the extracellular medium, acting as inflammatory mediators, and their chaperone activity permits correct folding of proteins and avoids the aggregation of anomalous isoforms. Several studies have proposed the implication of Hsp in @entity4 . We analysed the gene expression and protein distribution of different members of the Hsp27, @entity6 , and Hsp90 families in the central nervous system of @entity1 naturally infected with scrapie. Different expression profiles were observed in the areas analysed. Whereas changes in transcript levels were not observed in the cerebellum or medulla oblongata, a significant decrease in HSP27 and HSP90 was detected in the prefrontal cortex. In contrast, HSP73 was over-expressed in diencephalons of scrapie animals. Western blotting did not reveal significant differences in Hsp90 and @entity6 protein expression between scrapie and control animals. Expression rates identified by real-time RT-PCR and western blotting were compared with the extent of classical @entity0 using stepwise regression. Changes in Hsp gene and protein expression were associated with prion @entity2 , @entity5 and spongiosis rather than with apoptosis. Finally, immunohistochemistry revealed intense @entity6 and Hsp90 immunolabelling in Purkinje cells of scrapie @entity1 . In contrast, controls displayed little or no staining in these cells. The observed differences in gene expression and protein distribution suggest that the @entity3 proteins analysed play a role in the natural form of the disease.

title: Changes in HSP gene and protein expression in natural scrapie with XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is the most common indication for reoperation in @entity0 following repair of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We hypothesized that @entity5 inhibitor therapy would decrease the severity of @entity2 and limit left ventricular @entity4 in @entity0 following @entity3 repair. METHODS: The Pediatric Heart Network designed a placebo-controlled randomized trial of @entity6 in this population. The primary aim was to test the effect of @entity6 on the change in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension body surface area-adjusted z score. Before the launch of the trial, a feasibility study was performed to estimate the number of @entity0 with at least moderate @entity2 following @entity3 repair. TRIAL EXPERIENCE: Seventeen months after the start of the study, 349 @entity0 were screened, 8 were trial eligible, and only 5 were enrolled. The study was subsequently terminated because of low @entity0 accrual. Several factors led to the problems with @entity0 accrual, including (1) the use of criteria to assess disease severity in the feasibility study that were not identical to those used in the trial, (2) failure to achieve equipoise for the study among clinicians and referring physicians, (3)  reliance on methodology developed in adult populations with different disease mechanisms, and (4) absence of adequate data to define the natural history of the disease process under study. Progress in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity1 will depend on the future of multicenter collaborative clinical trials. The lessons learned from this study may contribute to improvements in this research.

title: Lessons learned from a pediatric clinical trial: the Pediatric Heart Network @entity5 inhibition in XXXX study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is the most common indication for reoperation in @entity0 following repair of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We hypothesized that @entity5 inhibitor therapy would decrease the severity of @entity2 and limit left ventricular @entity4 in @entity0 following @entity3 repair. METHODS: The Pediatric Heart Network designed a placebo-controlled randomized trial of @entity6 in this population. The primary aim was to test the effect of @entity6 on the change in left ventricular end-diastolic dimension body surface area-adjusted z score. Before the launch of the trial, a feasibility study was performed to estimate the number of @entity0 with at least moderate @entity2 following @entity3 repair. TRIAL EXPERIENCE: Seventeen months after the start of the study, 349 @entity0 were screened, 8 were trial eligible, and only 5 were enrolled. The study was subsequently terminated because of low @entity0 accrual. Several factors led to the problems with @entity0 accrual, including (1) the use of criteria to assess disease severity in the feasibility study that were not identical to those used in the trial, (2) failure to achieve equipoise for the study among clinicians and referring physicians, (3)  reliance on methodology developed in adult populations with different disease mechanisms, and (4) absence of adequate data to define the natural history of the disease process under study. Progress in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity1 will depend on the future of multicenter collaborative clinical trials. The lessons learned from this study may contribute to improvements in this research.

title: Lessons learned from a pediatric clinical trial: the Pediatric Heart Network XXXX inhibition in @entity2 study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The COMMIT/CCS-2 trial, published in 2005, demonstrated no net benefit of early b-blocker (BB) therapy in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We sought to assess the short-term impact of this landmark trial by comparing the use of early BB therapy in @entity0 with a broad spectrum of @entity3 before and after 2005. METHODS: Using data from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events and Canadian Registry of Acute Coronary Events, we compared the rates of BB use within the first 24 hours of presentation in the periods 1999 to 2005 and 2006 to 2008, after stratifying @entity0 by the type of @entity3 ( @entity1 [ @entity1 ] and non-ST-segment elevation @entity3 [NSTEACS]) and clinical presentation. RESULTS: Of the 14,231 @entity0 with @entity3 , 77.7% received BB therapy within 24 hours of presentation (78.5% and 77.4% in the @entity1 and NSTEACS groups, respectively). The early use of BB declined in the @entity1 group (80.3% to 76.7%, P = .005) but increased in the NSTEACS group (75.4% to 78.9%, P < .001) after 2005. Long-term BB use, higher systolic blood pressure, and higher heart rate were independent predictors of early BB use. Conversely, @entity0 who were female, older, Killip class >1, and had @entity2 at presentation were less likely to receive early BB. Multivariable analysis showed a trend toward lower use of BB among @entity0 with @entity1 (adjusted odds ratio 0.76, 95% CI 0.57-1.00, P = .055) and a trend toward more frequent BB use among @entity0 with NSTEACS (adjusted odds ratio 1.22, 95% CI 0.96-1.55, P = .11) after 2005. The temporal trends in the early use of BB differed between @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity0 with NSTEACS (P for interaction with period <.001). CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity0 with @entity1 or NSTEACS were treated with early BB therapy. In accordance with the COMMMIT/CCS-2 trial, @entity0 with lower systolic blood pressure and higher Killip class in the "real world" less frequently received early BB therapy. Since the publication of COMMIT/CCS-2, there has been no significant change in the use of BB in @entity0 with @entity1 or NSTEACS after controlling for their clinical characteristics.

title: Has the ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in @entity1 Trial (COMMIT) of early b-blocker use in XXXX impacted on clinical practice in Canada? Insights from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE).

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The COMMIT/CCS-2 trial, published in 2005, demonstrated no net benefit of early b-blocker (BB) therapy in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We sought to assess the short-term impact of this landmark trial by comparing the use of early BB therapy in @entity0 with a broad spectrum of @entity3 before and after 2005. METHODS: Using data from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events and Canadian Registry of Acute Coronary Events, we compared the rates of BB use within the first 24 hours of presentation in the periods 1999 to 2005 and 2006 to 2008, after stratifying @entity0 by the type of @entity3 ( @entity1 [ @entity1 ] and non-ST-segment elevation @entity3 [NSTEACS]) and clinical presentation. RESULTS: Of the 14,231 @entity0 with @entity3 , 77.7% received BB therapy within 24 hours of presentation (78.5% and 77.4% in the @entity1 and NSTEACS groups, respectively). The early use of BB declined in the @entity1 group (80.3% to 76.7%, P = .005) but increased in the NSTEACS group (75.4% to 78.9%, P < .001) after 2005. Long-term BB use, higher systolic blood pressure, and higher heart rate were independent predictors of early BB use. Conversely, @entity0 who were female, older, Killip class >1, and had @entity2 at presentation were less likely to receive early BB. Multivariable analysis showed a trend toward lower use of BB among @entity0 with @entity1 (adjusted odds ratio 0.76, 95% CI 0.57-1.00, P = .055) and a trend toward more frequent BB use among @entity0 with NSTEACS (adjusted odds ratio 1.22, 95% CI 0.96-1.55, P = .11) after 2005. The temporal trends in the early use of BB differed between @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity0 with NSTEACS (P for interaction with period <.001). CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity0 with @entity1 or NSTEACS were treated with early BB therapy. In accordance with the COMMMIT/CCS-2 trial, @entity0 with lower systolic blood pressure and higher Killip class in the "real world" less frequently received early BB therapy. Since the publication of COMMIT/CCS-2, there has been no significant change in the use of BB in @entity0 with @entity1 or NSTEACS after controlling for their clinical characteristics.

title: Has the ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in XXXX Trial (COMMIT) of early b-blocker use in @entity3 impacted on clinical practice in Canada? Insights from the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE).

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the rate of response to long-term low-dose @entity3 ( @entity4 ) treatment and the clinical factors associated with response. METHODS: The response to low-dose @entity4 of 43 @entity0 with @entity1 (22 male, 21 female; age range, 5-39 years; median age, 13   years) was retrospectively assessed. @entity0 aged <15   years received <20   mg/kg/day @entity4 , whereas those aged >= 15   years received <1000   mg/day @entity4 . Clinical features were compared between responders to low-dose @entity4 , responders to the recommended dose, and non-responders. RESULTS: Of the 43 @entity0 who received low-dose @entity4 , 13 (30%) showed improvement, defined as @entity2 cessation or >75% @entity2 reduction over 6   months for @entity0 with monthly, weekly, and daily @entity2 ; and over 1   year for @entity0 with yearly @entity2 . Efficacy was maintained for >1   year in 10 (77%) of the 13 @entity0 . Long-term response to low-dose @entity4 was significantly associated with older age at onset and fewer previous treatments with ineffective anti- @entity1 drugs. All @entity0 showing long-term response to low-dose @entity4 developed only focal @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Titration of @entity4 starting from a low dose may be effective in selected @entity0 . Once @entity0 respond to low-dose treatment, maintenance of the effective dosage may prolong response.

title: Clinical features of long-term low-dose XXXX treatment for @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the rate of response to long-term low-dose @entity3 ( @entity4 ) treatment and the clinical factors associated with response. METHODS: The response to low-dose @entity4 of 43 @entity0 with @entity1 (22 male, 21 female; age range, 5-39 years; median age, 13   years) was retrospectively assessed. @entity0 aged <15   years received <20   mg/kg/day @entity4 , whereas those aged >= 15   years received <1000   mg/day @entity4 . Clinical features were compared between responders to low-dose @entity4 , responders to the recommended dose, and non-responders. RESULTS: Of the 43 @entity0 who received low-dose @entity4 , 13 (30%) showed improvement, defined as @entity2 cessation or >75% @entity2 reduction over 6   months for @entity0 with monthly, weekly, and daily @entity2 ; and over 1   year for @entity0 with yearly @entity2 . Efficacy was maintained for >1   year in 10 (77%) of the 13 @entity0 . Long-term response to low-dose @entity4 was significantly associated with older age at onset and fewer previous treatments with ineffective anti- @entity1 drugs. All @entity0 showing long-term response to low-dose @entity4 developed only focal @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Titration of @entity4 starting from a low dose may be effective in selected @entity0 . Once @entity0 respond to low-dose treatment, maintenance of the effective dosage may prolong response.

title: Clinical features of long-term low-dose @entity3 treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Intussusception is one of the most common @entity7 in @entity0 , but identifying the cause is very difficult. @entity8 is a common @entity1 of the @entity2 area in @entity0 , but it rarely arises in the gastrointestinal tract. This report describes a rare occurrence of intussusception caused by @entity9 of the colon that was identified by ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and colonoscopy. A male @entity0 aged 2  years and 10  months developed @entity3 abdominal cramps and @entity4 . Abdominal US and CT revealed both target and pseudo-kidney signs in the colon, indicating @entity6 . An initial diagnostic and therapeutic laparotomy did not reveal any abnormalities. Seven days later, severe @entity5 recurred. A barium enema revealed the shadow of a 25-mm mass at the hepatic flexure of the colon. Colonoscopic findings revealed a @entity1 in the descending colon that was moved to the cecum by compressed air introduced through the colonoscope. We considered that the mass in the cecum had caused the intussusception. The @entity1 was removed at a second laparotomy, and microscopic pathological examination revealed that it was a @entity9 .

title: Intussusception in a @entity0 caused by XXXX of the colon.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Intussusception is one of the most common @entity7 in @entity0 , but identifying the cause is very difficult. @entity8 is a common @entity1 of the @entity2 area in @entity0 , but it rarely arises in the gastrointestinal tract. This report describes a rare occurrence of intussusception caused by @entity9 of the colon that was identified by ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and colonoscopy. A male @entity0 aged 2  years and 10  months developed @entity3 abdominal cramps and @entity4 . Abdominal US and CT revealed both target and pseudo-kidney signs in the colon, indicating @entity6 . An initial diagnostic and therapeutic laparotomy did not reveal any abnormalities. Seven days later, severe @entity5 recurred. A barium enema revealed the shadow of a 25-mm mass at the hepatic flexure of the colon. Colonoscopic findings revealed a @entity1 in the descending colon that was moved to the cecum by compressed air introduced through the colonoscope. We considered that the mass in the cecum had caused the intussusception. The @entity1 was removed at a second laparotomy, and microscopic pathological examination revealed that it was a @entity9 .

title: Intussusception in a XXXX caused by @entity9 of the colon.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Massive hemoptysis and/or recurrent expectoration of measurable amounts of blood are common complications of @entity2 in @entity7 ( @entity7 ). When conservative treatment fails to control @entity3 , surgery or bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is frequently considered. We present our experience and long-term follow up of BAE in 14 @entity7 @entity0 (age range 15-39 years) with massive (6 subjects) and/or recurrent (8 subjects) hemoptysis not responsive to medical treatment. Seven had chronic @entity6 . After angiographic evaluation, @entity8 particles (Ivalon) were injected to embolize obviously enlarged bronchial arteries. Seventeen procedures were performed in 14 @entity0 and 36 bronchial arteries were embolized. All the @entity0 stopped @entity3 immediately upon BAE. Most of the @entity0 had postembolization @entity1 , @entity5 , and transient @entity4 which were managed symptomatically. After a median follow-up period of 10.5 months (range 0.5-38 months), no recurrence of hemoptysis was observed in 8 @entity0 who are still alive. In 3 @entity0 hemoptysis recurred and they underwent reembolization after 3, 22, and 25 months, respectively. Three subjects died of @entity6 within 5 months from BAE. Presently, 50% of @entity0 studied had a > or = 1 year interval free of major hemoptysis after the first BAE. Our experience indicates that massive and/or recurrent hemoptysis in @entity7 @entity0 can be safety and effectively managed by BAE if the procedure is performed by a skilled practitioner. The procedure was well tolerated and resulted in prolonged and satisfactory @entity3 control in most @entity0 .

title: Bronchial artery embolization in the management of hemoptysis in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 antimicrobials are synthetic and widely used in clinical medicine. Resistance emerged with clinical use and became common in some bacterial pathogens. Mechanisms of resistance include two categories of mutation and acquisition of resistance-conferring genes. Resistance mutations in one or both of the two drug target enzymes, DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV, are commonly in a localized domain of the GyrA and ParE subunits of the respective enzymes and reduce drug binding to the enzyme-DNA complex. Other resistance mutations occur in regulatory genes that control the expression of native efflux pumps localized in the bacterial membrane(s). These pumps have broad substrate profiles that include @entity1 as well as other antimicrobials, disinfectants, and dyes. Mutations of both types can accumulate with selection pressure and produce highly resistant strains. Resistance genes acquired on plasmids can confer low-level resistance that promotes the selection of mutational high-level resistance. Plasmid-encoded resistance is due to Qnr proteins that protect the target enzymes from @entity0 action, one mutant @entity2 -modifying enzyme that also modifies certain @entity1 , and mobile efflux pumps. Plasmids with these mechanisms often encode additional antimicrobial resistances and can transfer multidrug resistance that includes @entity1 . Thus, the bacterial @entity0 resistance armamentarium is large.

title: Mechanisms of drug resistance: XXXX resistance.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Eating habits are developed during the preschool years and track into adulthood, but few studies have quantified dietary quality of meals packed by parents for preschool @entity0 enrolled in early care and education centers. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate the dietary quality of preschoolers' sack lunches using the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) 2010 to provide parents of preschool @entity0 with guidance to increase the healthfulness of their @entity0 's lunch. DESIGN: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline dietary data from the Lunch Is in the Bag trial. @entity0 : A total of 607 parent- @entity0 dyads from 30 early care and education centers in Central and South Texas were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total and component scores of the @entity1 were computed using data obtained from direct observations of packed lunches and of @entity0 's consumption. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Three-level regression models with random intercepts at the early care and education center and @entity0 level were used; all models were adjusted for @entity0 sex, age, and body mass index (calculated as kg/m(2)). RESULTS: Mean @entity1 -2010 total scores were 58 for lunches packed and 52 for lunches consumed, out of 100 possible points. Mean @entity1 component scores for packed and consumed lunches were lowest for greens and beans (6% and 8% of possible points), total vegetables (33% and 28%), seafood and plant proteins (33% and 29%), and whole grains (38% and 34%); and highest for empty calories (85% and 68% of possible points), total fruit (80% and 70%), whole fruit (79% and 64%), and total protein foods (76% and 69%). CONCLUSIONS: Parents of preschool @entity0 pack lunches with low dietary quality that lack vegetables, plant proteins, and whole grains, as measured by the @entity1 . Education of parents and care providers in early care and education centers is vital to ensure that preschoolers receive high dietary-quality meals that promote their preference for and knowledge of a healthy diet.

title: Dietary Quality of Preschoolers' Sack Lunches as Measured by the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The expression of HLA class I (HLA-A, B, C) and class II (HLA-DR) antigens on the biliary epithelium of 10 @entity0 (nine @entity0 ) with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was investigated using an immunoperoxidase technique on cryostat sections. Five @entity0 were staged as grade II and five grade III on hepatic histology. None were cirrhotic. as grade II and five grade III on hepatic histology. None were cirrhotic. Controls were nine @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), five with extra @entity1 , 15 with other forms of @entity2 and six with normal livers. Bile ducts from the normal subjects and @entity0 with @entity2 did not express HLA-DR antigens. In contrast, all 10 of the @entity3 biopsies showed varying degrees of HLA-DR staining of the biliary epithelium. Expression of DR antigens was also found on the bile ducts of all five @entity0 with extra @entity1 and in six of nine @entity0 with @entity4 . Expression of HLA class I antigens was seen on the biliary epithelium of all the biopsies examined. Increased numbers of helper and suppressor T-cells were seen in the portal tracts of all the @entity3 @entity0 . This study has confirmed that aberrant expression of HLA-DR may occur on the biliary epithelium of some, but not all, @entity0 with @entity4 . In addition, the study has shown that aberrant expression of HLA-DR always occurs in PCS at an early stage of histological @entity2 . While this may be important in the pathogenesis of @entity3 , the aberrant expression in extra @entity1 suggests that it may be a secondary phenomenon.

title: Expression of HLA-DR antigens on bile duct epithelium in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Detection of paroxysmal @entity5 (PAF) after a @entity1 is challenging. The purpose of this study was to develop a clinical score to predict PAF in a cohort of acute @entity3 @entity0 prospectively and to validate it in an independent cohort. METHODS: Consecutive acute @entity3 @entity0 without permanent @entity5 were enrolled in a derivation sample (n  =  294) or a validation sample (n  =  155). We developed a score for predicting PAF by independent risk factors derived from a logistic regression analysis of the derivation cohort and validated the score in the external cohort. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis in the derivation cohort identified 3 variables independently associated with PAF. We calculated a score from these variables (history of @entity4 or antiarrhythmic agent use [yes, 3 points], left @entity2 [>= 40  mm, 1 point], brain natriuretic peptide [ @entity6 , >= 50 pg/mL, 1 point; >= 90 pg/mL, 2 points; >= 150 pg/ml, 3 points], total score, 0-7). The iPAB score (identified by past history of @entity4 or antiarrhythmic agent use, @entity2 , and @entity6 elevation) predicted PAF in the derivation (c statistic, .90) and validation (.94) cohorts at levels statistically superior to other biomarkers and clinical scores. For a total score 2 or more, the sensitivity and specificity were 93% and 71%, respectively. For a total score of 4 or more, the corresponding values were 60% and 95%. CONCLUSIONS: Our prospective study suggests that this simple risk score superior to other scores help clinicians predict PAF or identify good candidates for further evaluation to detect PAF.

title: A Score for Predicting @entity5 in XXXX @entity0 : iPAB Score.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Detection of paroxysmal @entity5 (PAF) after a @entity1 is challenging. The purpose of this study was to develop a clinical score to predict PAF in a cohort of acute @entity3 @entity0 prospectively and to validate it in an independent cohort. METHODS: Consecutive acute @entity3 @entity0 without permanent @entity5 were enrolled in a derivation sample (n  =  294) or a validation sample (n  =  155). We developed a score for predicting PAF by independent risk factors derived from a logistic regression analysis of the derivation cohort and validated the score in the external cohort. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis in the derivation cohort identified 3 variables independently associated with PAF. We calculated a score from these variables (history of @entity4 or antiarrhythmic agent use [yes, 3 points], left @entity2 [>= 40  mm, 1 point], brain natriuretic peptide [ @entity6 , >= 50 pg/mL, 1 point; >= 90 pg/mL, 2 points; >= 150 pg/ml, 3 points], total score, 0-7). The iPAB score (identified by past history of @entity4 or antiarrhythmic agent use, @entity2 , and @entity6 elevation) predicted PAF in the derivation (c statistic, .90) and validation (.94) cohorts at levels statistically superior to other biomarkers and clinical scores. For a total score 2 or more, the sensitivity and specificity were 93% and 71%, respectively. For a total score of 4 or more, the corresponding values were 60% and 95%. CONCLUSIONS: Our prospective study suggests that this simple risk score superior to other scores help clinicians predict PAF or identify good candidates for further evaluation to detect PAF.

title: A Score for Predicting XXXX in @entity1 @entity0 : iPAB Score.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Detection of paroxysmal @entity5 (PAF) after a @entity1 is challenging. The purpose of this study was to develop a clinical score to predict PAF in a cohort of acute @entity3 @entity0 prospectively and to validate it in an independent cohort. METHODS: Consecutive acute @entity3 @entity0 without permanent @entity5 were enrolled in a derivation sample (n  =  294) or a validation sample (n  =  155). We developed a score for predicting PAF by independent risk factors derived from a logistic regression analysis of the derivation cohort and validated the score in the external cohort. RESULTS: Multivariate analysis in the derivation cohort identified 3 variables independently associated with PAF. We calculated a score from these variables (history of @entity4 or antiarrhythmic agent use [yes, 3 points], left @entity2 [>= 40  mm, 1 point], brain natriuretic peptide [ @entity6 , >= 50 pg/mL, 1 point; >= 90 pg/mL, 2 points; >= 150 pg/ml, 3 points], total score, 0-7). The iPAB score (identified by past history of @entity4 or antiarrhythmic agent use, @entity2 , and @entity6 elevation) predicted PAF in the derivation (c statistic, .90) and validation (.94) cohorts at levels statistically superior to other biomarkers and clinical scores. For a total score 2 or more, the sensitivity and specificity were 93% and 71%, respectively. For a total score of 4 or more, the corresponding values were 60% and 95%. CONCLUSIONS: Our prospective study suggests that this simple risk score superior to other scores help clinicians predict PAF or identify good candidates for further evaluation to detect PAF.

title: A Score for Predicting @entity5 in @entity1 XXXX : iPAB Score.

answer: @entity0


abstract: During the clinical trials 8,861 @entity0 have been treated with @entity6 worldwide. 3,822 of the therapeutic courses were valid for analysis of efficacy according to FDA standards. The following dosages were usually administered: UTI: 100 to 500 mg twice daily orally or 100 mg twice daily intravenously; RTI: 250 to 1000 mg twice daily orally or 200 mg twice daily intravenously; @entity2 : 200 mg intravenously twice daily; @entity8 : 250 to 500 mg single tablet orally; all other infections: 500 to 1000 mg twice daily orally or 200 mg twice daily intravenously. @entity6 was administered to 762 courses of lower RTI, 88 courses of upper RTI, 108 courses of @entity7 , 766 courses of skin structure infection, 142 courses of @entity1 , 149 courses of @entity5 , 33 courses of @entity3 , 1,633 courses of UTI, 49 courses of @entity9 , 279 courses of STD, mainly @entity8 , and three courses of @entity4 . The clinical response was resolution in 76%, improvement in 18% and failure in only 6%. Bacteriologic response by all sites evaluable: pathogens were eradicated from 74%, markedly reduced in 2%, persisted in 10%. Relapse occurred in 4% and reinfection was observed in another 6%. The overall response was favourable for 90% of the @entity0 . Drug safety was established on a data base of 8,861 courses worldwide. The following side-effects according to COSTART terminology were observed: digestive 5%, metabolic nutritional 4.6%, central nervous 1.6%, skin 1.4%, hemic and lymphatic 1%, cardiovascular 0.4%, body as a whole 0.4%, urogenital 0.3%, special senses 0.3%, musculo-skeletal 0.1%, respiratory 0.08%. Several courses had more than one reaction. Thus the total incidence of side-effects for the treated @entity0 population was 10.2%. @entity6 is a highly effective drug and a breakthrough in several areas of medical interest. It is relatively safe and side-effects are usually mild or moderate in intensity and transient.

title: Worldwide clinical data on efficacy and safety of XXXX .

answer: @entity6