abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 has become a significant public health concern in the United States. Few published data have examined the association between @entity1 and @entity2 after @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: @entity0 who underwent @entity3 were identified using the PearlDiver database Current Procedural Terminology codes. @entity0 were divided into @entity1 and nonobese cohorts using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Each cohort was then assessed for major and minor complications within 90  days postoperatively. Odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and   (2) tests were calculated, with P  <  .05 considered significant. RESULTS: From 2005 to 2011, 7580 @entity0 who underwent @entity3 were identified, of whom 1030 @entity0 (14%) were coded as @entity1 (body mass index  >  30) and 611 @entity0 (8%) were coded as morbidly @entity1 (body mass index >  40). The @entity1 @entity3 @entity0 had increased risk of 90-day major and minor complications. The rate of postoperative @entity4 differed significantly between groups, with a trend toward a higher @entity4 rate in @entity1 @entity0 (2.2%) vs. nonobese @entity0 (0.7%). Rate of postoperative stiffness was similar between groups. Infection rates were higher in @entity1 @entity0 compared with nonobese @entity0 . Medical complications were higher in @entity1 @entity0 (16.7%) compared with the nonobese cohort (4.7%). A significant difference in implant removal was notable at 6  months and 1 year in morbidly @entity1 @entity0 compared with nonobese counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and associated medical comorbidities place @entity0 at increased risk for complications after @entity3 . @entity1 @entity0 and especially morbidly @entity1 @entity0 thinking of undergoing @entity3 should be appropriately counseled preoperatively about their increased risk for complications.

title: @entity1 is associated with @entity2 after XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 has become a significant public health concern in the United States. Few published data have examined the association between @entity1 and @entity2 after @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: @entity0 who underwent @entity3 were identified using the PearlDiver database Current Procedural Terminology codes. @entity0 were divided into @entity1 and nonobese cohorts using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. Each cohort was then assessed for major and minor complications within 90  days postoperatively. Odds ratios, 95% confidence intervals, and   (2) tests were calculated, with P  <  .05 considered significant. RESULTS: From 2005 to 2011, 7580 @entity0 who underwent @entity3 were identified, of whom 1030 @entity0 (14%) were coded as @entity1 (body mass index  >  30) and 611 @entity0 (8%) were coded as morbidly @entity1 (body mass index >  40). The @entity1 @entity3 @entity0 had increased risk of 90-day major and minor complications. The rate of postoperative @entity4 differed significantly between groups, with a trend toward a higher @entity4 rate in @entity1 @entity0 (2.2%) vs. nonobese @entity0 (0.7%). Rate of postoperative stiffness was similar between groups. Infection rates were higher in @entity1 @entity0 compared with nonobese @entity0 . Medical complications were higher in @entity1 @entity0 (16.7%) compared with the nonobese cohort (4.7%). A significant difference in implant removal was notable at 6  months and 1 year in morbidly @entity1 @entity0 compared with nonobese counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 and associated medical comorbidities place @entity0 at increased risk for complications after @entity3 . @entity1 @entity0 and especially morbidly @entity1 @entity0 thinking of undergoing @entity3 should be appropriately counseled preoperatively about their increased risk for complications.

title: @entity1 is associated with XXXX after @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to determine the risk of short- and long-term @entity1 , as well as @entity2 , in @entity0 discharged from an emergency department who were given a diagnosis of a @entity4 . METHODS: In this population-based retrospective cohort study we identified all adult @entity0 who were discharged from an emergency department in Ontario, Canada, between 2006 and 2011, with a primary diagnosis of a @entity4 . We assessed hospitalized @entity1 at 7, 30, 90, and 365 days, as well as subsequent falls, motor vehicle accidents, @entity3 , and burns. To provide context, we assessed the same outcomes in propensity score-matched discharged emergency department @entity0 with renal colic. RESULTS: Among 41,794 qualifying @entity0 , 76 (0.18%) had a @entity1 within 30 days. @entity2 at 30 days ranged from 0.01% (falls) to 0.15% ( @entity3 ). The relative risk (RR) of 30-day @entity1 was 9.3 (95% CI, 4.3-20.3) times higher than among matched renal colic controls. The RR was highest at 7 days (50.0; 95% CI, 6.9-362.0) and diminished with duration from the emergency department visit: RR 6.1 (95% CI, 3.5-10.7) at 90 days and 2.5 (95% CI 1.8-3.5) at 1 year. There was no difference in the risk of @entity2 . INTERPRETATION: The frequency of @entity1 following discharge from an emergency department with a diagnosis of a @entity4 was extremely low. However the relative risk was markedly higher than in matched @entity0 with renal colic, suggesting that some @entity1 , or sentinel events for @entity1 , are being misdiagnosed as @entity4 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Outcomes among XXXX discharged from the emergency department with a diagnosis of peripheral vertigo.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Several peroxisomal proteins have two nonoverlapping targeting signals. These signals have been termed "redundant" because targeting can still occur with only one signal. We now report that separate targeting motifs within both Pmp47 and @entity2 provide complementary function. Pmp47 is an @entity1 translocator that contains six transmembrane domains (TMDs). We had previously shown that the TMD2 region (termed TMD2R, consisting of TMD2 and a short adjacent segment of cytosolic loop) was required for targeting to proliferated peroxisomes in @entity0 . We now report that the analogous TMD4R, which cannot target to proliferated peroxisomes, targets at least as well, or much better (depending on strain and growth conditions) in cells containing only basal (i.e., nonproliferated) peroxisomes. These data suggest differences in the targeting pathway among peroxisome populations. @entity2 , a peripheral protein facing the matrix, contains a typical carboxy terminal targeting sequence (PTS1) that has been shown to be nonessential for targeting, indicating the existence of a second targeting domain (not yet defined in @entity0 ); thus, its function was unknown. We show that targeting to basal peroxisomes, but not to proliferated peroxisomes, is more efficient with the PTS1 than without it. Our results indicate that multiple targeting signals within peroxisomal proteins extend coverage among heterogeneous populations of peroxisomes and increase efficiency of targeting in some metabolic states.

title: Multiple targeting modules on peroxisomal proteins are not redundant: discrete functions of targeting signals within Pmp47 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Abdominal radiography is frequently used in acute abdominal non-traumatic @entity1 despite the availability of more advanced diagnostic modalities. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of low-dose CT compared with abdominal radiography, at similar radiation dose levels. METHODS: Fifty-eight @entity0 were imaged with both methods and were reviewed independently by three radiologists. The reference standard was obtained from the diagnosis in medical records. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated. A systematic review was performed after a literature search, finding a total of six relevant studies including the present. RESULTS: Overall sensitivity with 95  % CI for CT was 75  % (66-83  %) and 46  % (37-56  %) for radiography. Specificity was 87  % (77-94  %) for both methods. In the systematic review the overall sensitivity for CT varied between 75 and 96  % with specificity from 83 to 95  % while the overall sensitivity for abdominal radiography varied between 30 and 77  % with specificity 75 to 88  %. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the current study and available evidence, low-dose CT has higher diagnostic accuracy than abdominal radiography and it should, where logistically possible, replace abdominal radiography in the workup of adult @entity0 with acute non-traumatic @entity2 . KEY POINTS:     Low-dose CT has a higher diagnostic accuracy than radiography.     A systematic review shows that CT has better diagnostic accuracy than radiography.     Radiography has no place in the workup of acute non-traumatic @entity2 .

title: Diagnostic accuracy of low-dose CT compared with abdominal radiography in non-traumatic acute XXXX : prospective study and systematic review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Addiction and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have been consistently associated with high impulsivity and a steep devaluation of delayed rewards, a process that is known as @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Recent studies indicated that enhanced episodic future thinking (EFT) results in less impulsive @entity1 in healthy controls (HCs). In a separate line of research, it has been suggested that non-linearities in time perception might contribute to reward devaluation during inter-temporal choice. Therefore, in addition to deficits in valuation processes and executive control, impairments in EFT and non-linearities in time perception have been hypothesized to contribute to steep @entity1 in addiction. In this study, we explore such a potential association of impairments in EFT and time perception with steep @entity1 in @entity2 . We investigated 20 PGs and 20 matched HCs. @entity1 was assessed via a standard computerized binary choice task. EFT was measured using a variation of the Autobiographical Memory Interview by Levine et al. (1). Time perception was assessed with a novel task, utilizing a non-linear rating procedure via circle-size adjustments. Groups did not differ in baseline EFT. In both groups, a power law accounted time perception best, and the degree of non-linearity in time perception correlated with discounting across groups. A multiple regression analysis across all predictors and covariates revealed that only group status ( @entity2 /HC) and @entity0 were significantly associated with discounting behavior such that @entity2 increased @entity1 and @entity0 attenuated @entity1 . Our findings speak against the idea that steep @entity1 in @entity2 is due to a skewed perception of time or impairments in EFT, at least under the present task conditions. The lack of overall group differences in EFT does not rule out the possibility of more complex interactions of EFT and decision-making. These interactions might be diminished in @entity2 or addiction more generally, when other task configurations are used.

title: The Role of Prospection in Steep Temporal Reward Discounting in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 ( @entity7 ) is relatively rare, and little has been written on the outcome of operative treatment. METHODS: @entity0 undergoing attempted repair of ruptured inflammatory @entity7 between 1995 and 2001 were included in a retrospective case-cohort study. Demographic, clinical, and operative factors were analyzed, together with in-hospital morbidity, in-hospital mortality, and duration of postoperative hospital stay. RESULTS: Of 297 @entity0 who underwent attempted operative repair of @entity9 , 24 (8%) had an inflammatory @entity5 . Twenty-two @entity0 were @entity0 , and two were @entity0 ; median age was 69 years (range, 51-85 years). Operative findings revealed a contained @entity8 in 16 @entity0 (70%), free @entity4 in 3 @entity0 (13%), @entity3 in 4 @entity0 (17%), and aortoenteric @entity3 in 1 @entity0 (4%). Of 273 noninflammatory ruptured AAAs, only 2 @entity7 (1%) were associated with primary @entity10 . Ten @entity0 (42%) with inflammatory @entity7 died in hospital, compared with 117 of 273 @entity0 (43%) without @entity1 . Median postoperative stay was 10 days (range, 0-35 days). Of the 14 @entity0 with inflammatory lesions who survived, 11 had @entity2 ; 4 @entity0 had @entity6 , three of whom required temporary renal replacement therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Ruptured inflammatory @entity7 is associated with a higher incidence of @entity10 than is ruptured noninflammatory @entity7 . Repair of ruptured inflammatory @entity7 is not associated with increased operative mortality compared with repair of ruptured noninflammatory @entity7 .

title: XXXX : insights in clinical management and outcome.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to compare the functional outcomes after @entity7 artery bypass and coil embolization for management of common @entity6 in the endovascular repair of @entity2 (EVAR). METHODS: Between 1996 and 2002, 265 @entity0 underwent elective or emergent EVAR. Data were retrospectively reviewed for 21 (8%) @entity0 with @entity6 25 mm or larger that involved the iliac bifurcation. @entity0 underwent @entity7 artery bypass (n = 9) or coil embolization (n = 12). Interviews about past and current levels of activity were conducted. A @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was quantitatively graded on a discrete scale ranging from 0 to 10, corresponding to "virtually bed-bound" to exercise tolerance "greater than a mile." Worsening or improvement of symptoms was expressed as a difference in @entity4 between two time points (-, worsening; +, improvement). RESULTS: There was no difference in age (72.6 +/- 7.3 years vs 73.1 +/- 6.4 years), sex (male-female ratio, 8:1 vs 11:1), @entity5 size (60.1 +/- 5.9 mm vs 59.3 +/- 7.0 mm), or number of preoperative comorbid conditions (1.9 +/- 0.8 vs 2.1 +/- 0.8) between @entity7 bypass and coil embolization groups, respectively. Mean follow-up was shorter after @entity7 bypass (14.8 vs 20.5 months; P <.05). There was no difference in the mean overall baseline @entity4 between the bypass and the embolization groups (8.0 vs 7.8). Six (50%) of the 12 @entity0 with coil embolization reported symptoms of @entity3 ipsilateral to the occluded @entity7 artery. No symptoms of @entity3 were reported after @entity7 bypass (P <.05). There was a decrease in the @entity4 after both procedures; however, coil embolization was associated with a significantly worse @entity4 compared with @entity7 artery bypass (4.5 vs 7.3; P <.001). In 4 (67%) of 6 @entity0 with @entity3 after coil embolization symptoms improved, with a @entity4 of 5.4 at last follow-up. This was significantly worse than in @entity0 undergoing @entity7 artery bypass, with a @entity4 of 7.8 at last follow-up (P <.001). There was no difference between the groups in duration of procedure, @entity1 , length of hospital stay, morbidity, or mortality (0%). CONCLUSIONS: Hypogastric artery bypass to preserve pelvic circulation is safe, and significantly decreases the risk for @entity3 . Preservation of pelvic circulation results in significant improvement in the ambulatory status of @entity0 with common @entity6 , compared with coil embolization.

title: Hypogastric artery bypass to preserve pelvic circulation: improved outcome after XXXX repair.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Majority of @entity0 with @entity2 are treated in private sector in India with no available data on management practices. The study assessed diagnostic and treatment practices related to @entity5 among paediatricians in Mumbai's private sector in comparison with International Standards for @entity2 Care (ISTC) 2009. In this cross-sectional study, 64 paediatricians from private sector filled self-administered questionnaires. Cough was reported as a symptom of childhood @entity4 by 77.8% of respondents. 38.1% request sputum smear or culture for diagnosis and fewer (32.8%) use it for @entity0 positive on chest radiographs and 32.8% induce sputum for those unable to produce it. Sputum negative @entity4 suspect is always tested with X-ray or tuberculin skin test. 61.4% prescribe regimen as recommended in ISTC and all monitor progress to treatment clinically. Drug-resistance at beginning of treatment is suspected for @entity0 in contact with a drug-resistant @entity0 (67.7%) and with prior history of antitubercular treatment (12.9%). About half of them (48%) request drug-resistance test for @entity3 in case of nonresponse after two to three months of therapy and regimen prescribed by 41.7% for multidrug-resistant @entity4 was as per ISTC. The study highlights inappropriate diagnostic and treatment practices for managing childhood @entity1 among paediatricians in private sector.

title: Diagnosis and Treatment of XXXX : A Cross-Sectional Study of Practices among Paediatricians in Private Sector, Mumbai.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Are we witnessing a moral @entity2 or a moral evaluation in the responses to the new reproductive technologies? Locating @entity0 in reproductive technology is a particularly powerful way into a discussion of values and consequences, intended or unintended. Twelve areas are isolated for discussion beginning with issues of definition and location: What is reproductive and genetic engineering? and How does @entity0 reproduction fit into bio-technological developments generally? Next issues are raised about how the new developments are being shaped ideologically and how they are being promoted by the state. A series of legal issues affecting @entity0 , @entity0 , @entity0 , embryos and fetuses follow. The focus then shifts to the way @entity0 are ideologically constructed: Why is there an assumption that @entity0 = mother, and mother = heterosexual married or stable cohabiting @entity0 ?--and socially controlled: Why assume technological change in @entity0 reproductive processes means the basic subordination of @entity0 to @entity0 will not alter? The usefulness of the new technologies in relieving @entity1 is then queried which leads on to a questioning of whether these developments are qualitatively different from other technologies used in @entity0 reproduction. Futuristic concerns such as the importance of the male pregnancy and the social consequences of fully medicalising @entity0 reproduction are raised. The last area to be considered is protest by @entity0 and suggested alternative approaches to increase the social visibility and recognition of the needs and interest of @entity0 in the current and potential use of the new medical and scientific developments.

title: Reproduction trends and the emergence of moral XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes are observed in @entity0 with @entity1 and are related with the prognosis. AIMS: To determine the frequency and significance of ECG changes in @entity0 with acute @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a prospective hospital-based study 87 @entity0 with @entity2 were observed for ECG changes during their stay in the hospital. All the @entity0 had @entity2 for the first time. The ECG changes observed were compared with those of the control group consisting of 87 @entity0 . RESULTS: Of the 87 @entity0 of the study group, 47.1% were females and 52.9% males. The mean age was 65.5 +/- 11.9 (range 31-91 yrs). The control group consisted of 50.6% females and 49.4% males. The mean age was 64.5 +/- 11.9 (range 31-87 yrs). The frequency of the ECG changes observed in @entity0 with @entity2 was 62.1% while it was 29.9% in the control group (P<0.0001). ECG changes observed were mostly related to @entity3 . The six-month mortality rate in the @entity0 with ECG changes was 38.9% whereas it was 15.2% in those with normal ECG (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The observations of this study suggest that cardiac evaluation in @entity0 with acute @entity2 is of prognostic importance.

title: Electrocardiographic findings and prognosis in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) remains a significant cause of late morbidity and mortality following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. However, @entity0 with chronic @entity2 are very heterogeneous, making evaluation and treatment difficult. Corticosteroids remain the most effective primary treatment of this condition. Randomized trials have not confirmed the beneficial effect of additional @entity1 , even in @entity0 with higher risk features. For @entity0 failing initial therapy, no standard therapy is available. A plethora of drugs have been reported to have activity and promise in this disease. However, the majority of reports are small retrospective studies, with few prospective trials. The marked variability in the reported response rates for many of these novel agents highlights a number of problems in the evaluation and management of chronic @entity2 . In addition to the heterogeneity of @entity0 , there are no uniform definitions for treatment failure, prognostic criteria to stratify @entity0 according to risk, or to evaluate response to treatment, which in many cases is largely subjective. The challenge ahead is to develop more uniform criteria for defining many of these important variables, which is likely to lead to the design of better prospective clinical trials to improve the outcome of @entity0 with this condition.

title: XXXX : where do we go from here?

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate today's refined neurosurgical intensive care of @entity0 with @entity1 after implementation of an organized secondary insult program focused on the importance of avoiding secondary brain damage together with a standardized treatment protocol system. DESIGN: Clinical observational @entity0 study. @entity0 : A total of 154 @entity0 16-79 yrs of age with @entity3 and pathologic computed tomographic findings treated between 1996 and 1997. SETTING: Neurointensive care unit. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Good recovery was obtained in 44% of the @entity0 , moderate disability in 35%, severe disability in 16%, and no @entity0 remained in a vegetative state. Six percent of the @entity0 died, but only two of these @entity0 (1.3%) died as direct result of their @entity3 . When the results for @entity0 with Glasgow @entity4 Scale motor scores of >or=4 were compared with the periods 1980-1981 (preneurosurgical intensive care) and 1987-1988 (basic neurosurgical intensive care), mortality had decreased from 40% in the first period to 27% in the second period and to 2.8% in the present series. Favorable outcome in the same group of @entity0 had increased steadily from 40% in the first period, to 68% in the second period, and finally, to 84% in the present series. CONCLUSIONS: The main observation in this hospital series of @entity1 @entity0 was a low rate of @entity2 directly caused by @entity3 and a high rate of favorable outcome. The comparison of @entity0 with Glasgow @entity4 Scale motor scores of >or=4 with the previously reported results from the same unit indicate that substantial improvement in outcome has been achieved.

title: Outcome after XXXX improved by an organized secondary insult program and standardized neurointensive care.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The prevalence of @entity1 and @entity3 has been determined in 6 rural villages in eastern Gabon. Between 18.9 and 27.2% of @entity0 carry L. loa microfilariae with an overall microfilarial rate of 25.1%. The microfilarial rate for M. perstans was more variable, between 33.3 and 62.2% (average 49.1%). No significant difference was seen in the microfilarial rate with age over 15 years for either parasite, but @entity0 were infected more frequently than women. Anti-L. loa antibody titres were measured, using a homologous microfilarial antigen in ELISA. Taking the parasitological and immunological evaluations together, only 10% of the sample population appear to be free of these filarial infections. L. loa and M. perstans microfilaraemia and corresponding serology were also investigated twice in 150 @entity0 at a one-year interval. 99.1% of the cases who had no circulating L. loa microfilaria in March 1984 still did not show any 12 months later. Similarly, 97.1% of the untreated, microfilaraemic cases still harboured this parasite a year later. The same was not observed for M. perstans, since microfilariae appeared or disappeared in 26.7% of the cases. This suggests different dynamics for the two filarial infections. Variation in individual anti-L. loa antibody titres was low. The possibility of a genetic influence on the expression of @entity2 is discussed.

title: Filariasis due to XXXX and Mansonella perstans: distribution in the region of Okondja, Haut-Ogoou   Province, Gabon, with parasitological and serological follow-up over one year.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The utility of data-based algorithms in research has been questioned because of errors in identification of @entity2 recurrences. We adapted previously published @entity0 recurrence algorithms, selectively using medical record (MR) data to improve classification. METHODS: We evaluated second @entity0 event (SBCE) and recurrence-specific algorithms previously published by Chubak and colleagues in 1535 @entity1 from the Life After Cancer Epidemiology (LACE) and 225 @entity1 from the @entity1 's Health Initiative cohorts and compared classification statistics to published values. We also sought to improve classification with minimal MR examination. We selected pairs of algorithms-one with high sensitivity/high positive predictive value ( @entity3 ) and another with high specificity/high @entity3 -using MR information to resolve discrepancies between algorithms, properly classifying events based on review; we called this "triangulation." Finally, in LACE, we compared associations between @entity0 survival risk factors and recurrence using MR data, single Chubak algorithms, and triangulation. RESULTS: The SBCE algorithms performed well in identifying SBCE and recurrences. Recurrence-specific algorithms performed more poorly than published except for the high-specificity/high- @entity3 algorithm, which performed well. The triangulation method (sensitivity = 81.3%, specificity = 99.7%, @entity3 = 98.1%, NPV = 96.5%) improved recurrence classification over two single algorithms (sensitivity = 57.1%, specificity = 95.5%, @entity3 = 71.3%, NPV = 91.9%; and sensitivity = 74.6%, specificity = 97.3%, @entity3 = 84.7%, NPV = 95.1%), with 10.6% MR review. Triangulation performed well in survival risk factor analyses vs analyses using MR-identified recurrences. CONCLUSIONS: Use of multiple recurrence algorithms in administrative data, in combination with selective examination of MR data, may improve recurrence data quality and reduce research costs.

title: Enhancing XXXX Recurrence Algorithms Through Selective Use of Medical Record Data.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: In North America and other high-risk areas, there has been a proximal shift in the subsite distribution of @entity2 . We wanted to determine whether any similar change has occurred in Japan, and where the incidence of this disease has increased sharply. METHODS: Data from the Reports of the Japanese Society for @entity3 and Rectum were used to analyze the time trend of @entity2 in Japan between 1974 and 1994 according to the @entity0 ' age at diagnosis and sex, and the site of the @entity1 within the colon or rectum. RESULTS: The percentage of @entity0 over the age of 70, especially females, increased. The increase in the percentage of right-sided @entity3 in @entity2 cases was accompanied by a continuous decline in the percentage of @entity1 in both sexes at all ages. In general, the percentage of right-sided @entity3 in @entity3 cases was stable in @entity0 , but increased in @entity0 . The rate among @entity0 older than 70 years increased in @entity0 , but predominated and remained stable in @entity0 . No proximal shift in @entity3 was found in either sex under the age of 69. CONCLUSION: These findings indicated that a proximal shift in the subsite distribution of @entity2 has occurred in Japan. This rightward shift of @entity2 is due to the decreasing proportion of @entity1 . Furthermore, the increasing proportion of older @entity0 , especially females, may be another major determinant of the changing @entity3 subsite distribution.

title: Changing site distribution of XXXX in Japan.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The Prepubertal Testis Tumor Registry was established by the Urologic Section of the American Academy of Pediatrics in 1980 to record data on a large number of prepubertal @entity1 regarding presentation, treatment and outcome to define appropriate management better. We reviewed the registry data in the context of other modern studies to elucidate the appropriate management of these rare @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Relevant data in the prepubertal @entity1 registry were tabulated and analyzed. RESULTS: There were 395 prepubertal @entity0 who had a primary @entity1 . Generally @entity1 accounted for 38% of cases. A significant proportion of @entity1 were benign regardless of @entity0 age. @entity3 levels for @entity0 with benign and @entity1 overlapped in @entity0 younger than 6 months. Of the @entity0 with @entity4 80% presented with stage 1 disease and overall survival was excellent. There were no metastases or deaths among the @entity0 with @entity2 . Of all @entity0 with @entity1 metastases developed in only 1. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend initial excisional biopsy for all amenable prepubertal @entity1 , except those with an @entity3 level that is clearly increased for @entity0 age. @entity0 with @entity1 may be released from oncological followup. @entity0 with stage I @entity4 should be monitored closely, and those with recurrent or metastatic @entity4 should be treated with chemotherapy. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is reserved for @entity0 with recurrent retroperitoneal masses following chemotherapy. Aggressive treatment of metastatic Sertoli cell or undifferentiated @entity1 is warranted.

title: Clinical behavior and a contemporary management algorithm for prepubertal XXXX : a summary of the Prepubertal Testis Tumor Registry.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Nephron sparing surgery provides effective therapy in @entity0 with a @entity4 4 cm. or less and a normal contralateral kidney. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy has been applied as a newer alternative therapy in these @entity0 . These 2 contemporary approaches represent divergent treatment alternatives at centers where laparoscopic nephron sparing surgery is not offered. We compared the short-term and long-term impact of these 2 treatment modalities in @entity0 with a sporadic localized solitary @entity4 4 cm. or less and a normal opposite kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of a contemporary series of @entity0 (1996 to 2001) who underwent open nephron sparing surgery and met study inclusion criteria was performed and compared with a similar cohort (1997 to 2001) that underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy. Only @entity0 with a single @entity4 of 4 cm. or less, normal serum @entity5 less than 1.5 mg./dl. and a normal contralateral kidney were included in analysis. The 2 groups were compared in regard to demographic, clinical and pathological variables using parametric and nonparametric tests. Linear regression analysis was done to compare the percent change in serum @entity5 , while adjusting for demographic and clinical variables, and followup. RESULTS: A total of 35 @entity0 who underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy and 82 who underwent open nephron sparing surgery met study inclusion criteria. Mean @entity0 age in the laparoscopic group was significantly greater (67.3 versus 56.2 years, p <0.001), mean American Society of Anesthesiologists class score was higher (p = 0.04) and mean @entity1 size was greater (3.1 versus 2.6 cm., p = 0.003) than in the nephron sparing group. The laparoscopic group had significantly decreased mean @entity3 (100 versus 200 ml., p <0.001), hospital stay (1 versus 5 days, p <0.001), narcotic use (16.5 versus 224 mg., p <0.001) and operative time (184.4 versus 216.2 minutes, p <0.007) compared with the nephron sparing group. @entity0 who underwent nephron sparing surgery experienced less @entity2 in renal function, as measured by the percent increase in serum @entity5 postoperatively (0% versus 25%, p <0.001). The results of regression analyses at 4 and 6 months of followup indicated that open nephron sparing surgery is associated with significantly lower serum @entity5 than laparoscopic radical nephrectomy after adjusting for demographic and clinical variables, and followup. CONCLUSIONS: Open nephron sparing surgery and laparoscopic radical nephrectomy are relatively recent and significant developments for @entity7 @entity0 with @entity6 and they represent accepted standards of care in those with a small renal mass and normal contralateral kidney. In @entity0 presenting with a @entity4 of 4 cm. or less and a normal contralateral kidney the significant short-term and intermediate term benefits of the laparoscopic approach must be weighed against the long-term advantage of better renal function associated with open nephron sparing surgery. The distinct advantages of these 2 approaches may ultimately be realized with the standardization of laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.

title: Outcome of laparoscopic radical and open partial nephrectomy for the sporadic 4 cm. or less XXXX with a normal contralateral kidney.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is widely utilized for the assessment of bone metastases (BMs) of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Since @entity5 scintigraphy (PS) has been used to image @entity3 with high sensitivity, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of PS with that of @entity2 for the detection of BMs of @entity3 . Nine @entity0 with @entity3 underwent both PS and @entity2 for staging and/or restaging of their disease. The sensitivity and specificity of both imaging approaches were compared based on the findings of histopathology, other conventional imaging methods and subsequent clinical follow-up. In five of the nine @entity0 , both PS and @entity2 were negative for BMs. Radiographic bone surveys (RBSs) were also negative in these @entity0 , except in one who showed a suspicious @entity1 , but a computed tomography-guided biopsy failed to show evidence of disease. These @entity0 remained without clinical evidence of BMs after a median duration of more than 15 months (range, 6-19 months). In three of four remaining @entity0 , both PS and @entity2 were positive for BMs, whilst only PS was positive in one @entity0 . Overall, PS showed a greater number of BMs (30 vs. 7) with greater conspicuity compared with @entity2 . The initial experience comparing @entity2 with PS suggests that PS may provide a better assessment of the extent of BMs of @entity3 , and that it may be useful as an adjunct to @entity2 at institutions in which 131I- or 123I- @entity4 is not available, particularly if @entity2 is negative. In @entity0 with similarly positive @entity2 , PS might still provide unique prognostic information beyond that provided by @entity2 . Further studies are therefore warranted.

title: @entity5 versus bone scintigraphy in the detection of bony metastases of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is widely utilized for the assessment of bone metastases (BMs) of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Since @entity5 scintigraphy (PS) has been used to image @entity3 with high sensitivity, we compared the sensitivity and specificity of PS with that of @entity2 for the detection of BMs of @entity3 . Nine @entity0 with @entity3 underwent both PS and @entity2 for staging and/or restaging of their disease. The sensitivity and specificity of both imaging approaches were compared based on the findings of histopathology, other conventional imaging methods and subsequent clinical follow-up. In five of the nine @entity0 , both PS and @entity2 were negative for BMs. Radiographic bone surveys (RBSs) were also negative in these @entity0 , except in one who showed a suspicious @entity1 , but a computed tomography-guided biopsy failed to show evidence of disease. These @entity0 remained without clinical evidence of BMs after a median duration of more than 15 months (range, 6-19 months). In three of four remaining @entity0 , both PS and @entity2 were positive for BMs, whilst only PS was positive in one @entity0 . Overall, PS showed a greater number of BMs (30 vs. 7) with greater conspicuity compared with @entity2 . The initial experience comparing @entity2 with PS suggests that PS may provide a better assessment of the extent of BMs of @entity3 , and that it may be useful as an adjunct to @entity2 at institutions in which 131I- or 123I- @entity4 is not available, particularly if @entity2 is negative. In @entity0 with similarly positive @entity2 , PS might still provide unique prognostic information beyond that provided by @entity2 . Further studies are therefore warranted.

title: XXXX versus bone scintigraphy in the detection of bony metastases of @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: In the diagnosis of @entity4 , lymphatic drainage is complex and highly variable. As regional lymph node @entity1 is one of the most important prognostic factors, lymphoscintigraphy can help map individual drainage patterns. The aim of this study was to compare the results of lymphoscintigraphy and sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection with theoretical anatomical patterns of lymphatic drainage based on the location of the primary @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity4 . We also determined the percentage of discrepancies between our lymphoscintigraphy and the theoretical location of nodal drainage predicted by a large lymphoscintigraphic database, in order to explain recurrence and false-negative SLN biopsies. METHODS: In this retrospective study of 152 @entity0 with @entity4 , the locations of the SLNs on lymphoscintigraphy and detected intraoperatively were compared with the lymphatic drainage predicted by on-line software based on a large @entity5 database. RESULTS: All @entity0 showed lymphatic drainage and in all @entity0 at least one SLN was identified by lymphoscintigraphy. Of the 152 @entity0 , 4 had a @entity3 in areas that were not described in the Sydney @entity5 Unit database, so agreement could only be evaluated in 148 @entity0 . Agreement between lymphoscintigraphic findings and the theoretical lymphatic drainage predicted by the software was completely concordant in 119 of the 148 @entity0 (80.4  %, 95  % CI 73.3  -  86  %). However, this concordance was partial (some concordant nodes and others not) in 18 @entity0 (12.2  %, 95  % CI 7.8  -  18.4  %). Discordance was complete in 11 @entity0 (7.4  %, 95  % CI 4.2  -  12.8  %). CONCLUSION: In @entity5 of the head and neck there is a high correlation between lymphatic drainage found by lymphoscintigraphy and the predicted drainage pattern and basins provided by a large reference database. Due to unpredictable drainage, preoperative lymphoscintigraphy is essential to accurately detect the SLNs in @entity4 .

title: Correlation between theoretical anatomical patterns of lymphatic drainage and lymphoscintigraphy findings during sentinel node detection in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A prospective long-term study was conducted of 235 young to middle-aged @entity0 with past histories of and/or active @entity1 of the urinary tract. The present report defines certain characteristics of the population and of the 1,018 confirmed @entity1 of the urinary tract that occurred during observation periods ranging from 1.1 to 19.4 years (mean, 7.4 yr). The population could be divided into 3 groups: @entity0 with confirmed @entity1 who did (Group 1, n = 19) or did not (Group 2, n = 191) receive courses of antimicrobial prophylaxis and those who did not have confirmed @entity1 (Group 3, n = 25). The 3 groups differed significantly only in their mean infection rates per year (3.1, 0.8, and 0.0, respectively). The number of @entity1 among individual @entity0 ranged from 0 to 42. The patterns of recurrent @entity1 among individual @entity0 ranged widely and were not predictable. Clusters of @entity1 occurred in 45.7% of the @entity0 and ranged in size from 2 to 12 @entity1 per cluster. The proportions of different infecting organisms and clinical syndromes were similar to those reported by others. accounted for the great majority of @entity1 . Eighty-five percent of the isolates of tested were serologically classified. A total of 50 different O groups were identified. Three (O4, O6, and O75) of the 131 potential O groups accounted for 49% of the isolates that could be classified. In each of the 4 clinical syndromes, these same 3 O groups were also the most frequently identified. The ability to classify serologically the infecting isolates of permitted a more complete definition of the complexity of patterns of recurrent @entity1 among individual @entity0 . The findings in the present study are compared with those in the literature.

title: Infections of the urinary tract in XXXX : a prospective, longitudinal study of 235 @entity0 observed for 1-19 years.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A prospective long-term study was conducted of 235 young to middle-aged @entity0 with past histories of and/or active @entity1 of the urinary tract. The present report defines certain characteristics of the population and of the 1,018 confirmed @entity1 of the urinary tract that occurred during observation periods ranging from 1.1 to 19.4 years (mean, 7.4 yr). The population could be divided into 3 groups: @entity0 with confirmed @entity1 who did (Group 1, n = 19) or did not (Group 2, n = 191) receive courses of antimicrobial prophylaxis and those who did not have confirmed @entity1 (Group 3, n = 25). The 3 groups differed significantly only in their mean infection rates per year (3.1, 0.8, and 0.0, respectively). The number of @entity1 among individual @entity0 ranged from 0 to 42. The patterns of recurrent @entity1 among individual @entity0 ranged widely and were not predictable. Clusters of @entity1 occurred in 45.7% of the @entity0 and ranged in size from 2 to 12 @entity1 per cluster. The proportions of different infecting organisms and clinical syndromes were similar to those reported by others. accounted for the great majority of @entity1 . Eighty-five percent of the isolates of tested were serologically classified. A total of 50 different O groups were identified. Three (O4, O6, and O75) of the 131 potential O groups accounted for 49% of the isolates that could be classified. In each of the 4 clinical syndromes, these same 3 O groups were also the most frequently identified. The ability to classify serologically the infecting isolates of permitted a more complete definition of the complexity of patterns of recurrent @entity1 among individual @entity0 . The findings in the present study are compared with those in the literature.

title: Infections of the urinary tract in @entity0 : a prospective, longitudinal study of 235 XXXX observed for 1-19 years.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: As the concept of health in Chinese @entity0 with @entity1 had not been previously explored, a scale to measure this concept in this client group was developed. OBJECTIVE: To develop and test the psychometric integrity of the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) for use with Chinese @entity0 . METHODS: Previous nursing experience and a literature review were used to inform the initial development of the @entity2 . It was revised following scrutiny by a panel of experts. Two studies tested the psychometric integrity of the scale. In Study One the data gathered from 80 Chinese @entity0 with a @entity1 were subjected to item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. In Study Two, with a convenience sample of 372 chronically ill Chinese @entity0 , confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Instrument analysis in Study One resulted in a 34-item scale with a Cronbach alpha of 0.94. The results of an exploratory factor analysis showed that physical, psychosocial, and spiritual factors were represented by the @entity2 . The hypothesized model of the @entity2 was tested in Study Two using confirmatory factor analyses. The results of this study indicated that the concept of health was comprised of six first-order and three second-order factors. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that Chinese @entity0 with @entity1 held a broad frame of reference in gauging the concept of health. The development of the @entity2 brings us one step closer to understanding how Chinese @entity0 with @entity1 regard the concept of health.

title: The concept of health scale: developed for Chinese @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: As the concept of health in Chinese @entity0 with @entity1 had not been previously explored, a scale to measure this concept in this client group was developed. OBJECTIVE: To develop and test the psychometric integrity of the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) for use with Chinese @entity0 . METHODS: Previous nursing experience and a literature review were used to inform the initial development of the @entity2 . It was revised following scrutiny by a panel of experts. Two studies tested the psychometric integrity of the scale. In Study One the data gathered from 80 Chinese @entity0 with a @entity1 were subjected to item analysis and exploratory factor analysis. In Study Two, with a convenience sample of 372 chronically ill Chinese @entity0 , confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. RESULTS: Instrument analysis in Study One resulted in a 34-item scale with a Cronbach alpha of 0.94. The results of an exploratory factor analysis showed that physical, psychosocial, and spiritual factors were represented by the @entity2 . The hypothesized model of the @entity2 was tested in Study Two using confirmatory factor analyses. The results of this study indicated that the concept of health was comprised of six first-order and three second-order factors. CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrated that Chinese @entity0 with @entity1 held a broad frame of reference in gauging the concept of health. The development of the @entity2 brings us one step closer to understanding how Chinese @entity0 with @entity1 regard the concept of health.

title: The concept of health scale: developed for Chinese XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have studied the incidence of internal @entity1 on @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). This incidence has been compared to expected number of @entity1 in that population by a precise statistical analysis. Two-hundred and eighty-three @entity2 confirmed by histology are diagnosed on 235 @entity0 (159 @entity0 , 76 @entity0 ). These @entity0 have been followed between December 1970 and November 1982 at the specialized consultation on cutaneous @entity1 . We have examined all these @entity0 , questioned their doctors, consulted their medical case history, to search an internal @entity1 . Twenty-eight @entity0 had a @entity1 : this @entity1 has been found 11 times before and 17 times at the same time or after @entity2 . These 17 @entity1 are the only statistically interesting cases. The annual incidence of @entity1 related to age and sex has been evaluated by consulting French registers. The French incidence has been compared to foreign incidences. This incidence enables us to calculate the expected observed numbers (12 and 5). The expected numbers are 9.15 for @entity0 and 2.1 for @entity0 . These numbers are not statistically different from observed numbers (12 and 5). The incidence of internal @entity1 on @entity0 with @entity2 is not different from the incidence of general population.

title: [Cutaneous prickle-cell epitheliomas and XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: A relatively high prevalence of @entity2 has been recently reported in a substantial proportion of @entity0 affected with @entity1 . Our aim was to investigate whether there is a common genetic etiology between @entity2 and @entity1 . DESIGN: Systematic differences in the number of @entity1 trinucleotide repeat were investigated by means of an association study. The relationship between the size of the expanded alleles and several clinical features was also considered. @entity0 AND SETTING: 125 extensively characterized @entity2 @entity0 compared with 188 healthy controls matched for ethnic background. INTERVENTIONS: N/A. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: No CAG repeat expansions in the pathologic or intermediate range were detected in any of the examined subjects, including @entity0 and controls. A similar allelic distribution was observed in both groups (Mann-Whitney U test = 78406; P = 0.99). Moreover, stratification analyses of the @entity0 ' samples according to different clinical and polysomnographic variables disclosed no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: These results do not provide evidence toward an involvement of large CAG trinucleotide expansions at the @entity1 locus in idiopathic @entity2 .

title: Analysis of CAG repeat expansions in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Inhibition of microsomal @entity2 (PG) biosynthesis by allantoic fluid, obtained from ewes at 80-120 days of gestation, was examined. Inhibition of cotyledonary microsomal @entity0 and PGF2 alpha biosynthesis by lyophilized allantoic fluid occurred in a dose-dependent manner. The concentration of allantoic fluid required to inhibit @entity0 and PGF2 alpha production by 50% averaged 17.9 +/- 3.2 (S.E.M.) mg dry weight/ml (n = 5). Microsomal PG biosynthesis was markedly enhanced by the addition of @entity1 (30 mumol/l). Synthesis of @entity0 and PGF2 alpha was increased to 245 +/- 65% and 184 +/- 14% of control (P less than 0.05, n = 5) respectively. Treatment of cotyledonary microsomes with porcine @entity3 ( @entity3 ; 0.125 units/ml) also stimulated PG synthesis, @entity0 increasing to 216 +/- 27% and PGF2 alpha to 172 +/- 14% of control (P less than 0.05, n = 5) respectively. Allantoic fluid (20 mg dry weight/ml) inhibited @entity1 -stimulated PG synthesis ( @entity0 by 48.6 +/- 13.8% and PGF2 alpha by 44.2 +/- 7.7%) and @entity3 -stimulated PG synthesis ( @entity0 by 60.6 +/- 11.6% and PGF2 alpha by 74.8 +/- 8.5%). Allantoic fluid, however, did not affect @entity3 -stimulated release of @entity1 from microsomes, thus negating the possibility that allantoic fluid suppresses PG synthesis by inhibiting @entity3 activity. These data indicate that allantoic fluid inhibits PG production at the level of PG synthase enzymes. @entity2 inhibitor(s) in allantoic fluid may play a role in maintaining uterine quiescence throughout gestation and its withdrawal, at term, may be involved in the initiation of labour.

title: Ovine allantoic fluid inhibition of XXXX synthesis in cotyledonary microsomes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Gout and classical @entity1 rarely coexist. We report a @entity0 with strong evidence for both these diseases. Possible reasons for the negative correlation between these diseases are summarised. One hypothesis suggests inhibition of surface activity of @entity2 crystals (MSU) by binding of rheumatoid factor ( @entity5 ). This was studied with a purified @entity1 factor ( @entity5 ) with specificity for IgG. The @entity5 bound preferentially to MSU coated with IgG in contrast with the IgM control. Inhibition of the neutrophil chemiluminescence (CL) response to IgG-coated MSU was observed at concentrations of @entity5 that had no effect on the CL response to uncoated crystals. Neutrophil activation was not altered by coating crystals with an IgM control at the same concentration. These data suggest that @entity5 may bind to antigenic determinants on exposed Fc of adsorbed IgG and block the interaction of crystal-bound IgG with Fc receptors. Although @entity4 by @entity5 may modify the expression of @entity3 , it is unlikely to be the sole explanation for the dissociation between gout and @entity1 .

title: Studies on the interaction of rheumatoid factor with @entity2 crystals and case report of coexistent tophaceous gout and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Gout and classical @entity1 rarely coexist. We report a @entity0 with strong evidence for both these diseases. Possible reasons for the negative correlation between these diseases are summarised. One hypothesis suggests inhibition of surface activity of @entity2 crystals (MSU) by binding of rheumatoid factor ( @entity5 ). This was studied with a purified @entity1 factor ( @entity5 ) with specificity for IgG. The @entity5 bound preferentially to MSU coated with IgG in contrast with the IgM control. Inhibition of the neutrophil chemiluminescence (CL) response to IgG-coated MSU was observed at concentrations of @entity5 that had no effect on the CL response to uncoated crystals. Neutrophil activation was not altered by coating crystals with an IgM control at the same concentration. These data suggest that @entity5 may bind to antigenic determinants on exposed Fc of adsorbed IgG and block the interaction of crystal-bound IgG with Fc receptors. Although @entity4 by @entity5 may modify the expression of @entity3 , it is unlikely to be the sole explanation for the dissociation between gout and @entity1 .

title: Studies on the interaction of rheumatoid factor with XXXX crystals and case report of coexistent tophaceous gout and @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The role of @entity6 in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) remains controversial. The experience is limited to case reports and few open studies that report the effects determined after >= 1 month of treatment. In @entity5 and @entity4 -responsive GH-secreting @entity1 , effects of @entity6 are seen within days or weeks. Here, we searched for short-term effects of @entity6 in @entity2 . DESIGN: Twenty @entity0 (19 na  ve and one recurrent) were included in a prospective study. @entity6 was administered in increasing doses of 0.5-5mg/week over 6 weeks. METHODS: Urinary free @entity3 (UFC) 24h, morning @entity3 and ACTH, and salivary @entity3 at 0800, 1600 and 2300h were determined once weekly throughout. Diurnal curves (six samples) of serum @entity3 were measured at start and end. RESULTS: At study end, the median @entity6 dose was 5mg, range 2.5-5mg/week. The prolactin levels, markers of compliance, were suppressed in all @entity0 . During the treatment, @entity2 varied, gradual and dose-dependent reductions were not seen. Five @entity0 had a >50% decrease of UFC, three had a >50% rise of UFC. Salivary @entity3 at 2300h showed a congruent >50% change with UFC in two of the five cases with decreased UFC, and in one of the three cases with increased UFC. One @entity0 with decreases in both UFC and 2300h salivary @entity3 also had a reduction in diurnal serum @entity3 during the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 seems to be of little value in the management of @entity2 . Only one @entity0 had a response-like pattern. Given the known variability of disease activity in @entity2 , this might represent a chance finding.

title: Limited value of @entity6 in XXXX : a prospective study of a 6-week treatment in 20 @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The role of @entity6 in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) remains controversial. The experience is limited to case reports and few open studies that report the effects determined after >= 1 month of treatment. In @entity5 and @entity4 -responsive GH-secreting @entity1 , effects of @entity6 are seen within days or weeks. Here, we searched for short-term effects of @entity6 in @entity2 . DESIGN: Twenty @entity0 (19 na  ve and one recurrent) were included in a prospective study. @entity6 was administered in increasing doses of 0.5-5mg/week over 6 weeks. METHODS: Urinary free @entity3 (UFC) 24h, morning @entity3 and ACTH, and salivary @entity3 at 0800, 1600 and 2300h were determined once weekly throughout. Diurnal curves (six samples) of serum @entity3 were measured at start and end. RESULTS: At study end, the median @entity6 dose was 5mg, range 2.5-5mg/week. The prolactin levels, markers of compliance, were suppressed in all @entity0 . During the treatment, @entity2 varied, gradual and dose-dependent reductions were not seen. Five @entity0 had a >50% decrease of UFC, three had a >50% rise of UFC. Salivary @entity3 at 2300h showed a congruent >50% change with UFC in two of the five cases with decreased UFC, and in one of the three cases with increased UFC. One @entity0 with decreases in both UFC and 2300h salivary @entity3 also had a reduction in diurnal serum @entity3 during the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 seems to be of little value in the management of @entity2 . Only one @entity0 had a response-like pattern. Given the known variability of disease activity in @entity2 , this might represent a chance finding.

title: Limited value of XXXX in @entity2 : a prospective study of a 6-week treatment in 20 @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The role of @entity6 in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) remains controversial. The experience is limited to case reports and few open studies that report the effects determined after >= 1 month of treatment. In @entity5 and @entity4 -responsive GH-secreting @entity1 , effects of @entity6 are seen within days or weeks. Here, we searched for short-term effects of @entity6 in @entity2 . DESIGN: Twenty @entity0 (19 na  ve and one recurrent) were included in a prospective study. @entity6 was administered in increasing doses of 0.5-5mg/week over 6 weeks. METHODS: Urinary free @entity3 (UFC) 24h, morning @entity3 and ACTH, and salivary @entity3 at 0800, 1600 and 2300h were determined once weekly throughout. Diurnal curves (six samples) of serum @entity3 were measured at start and end. RESULTS: At study end, the median @entity6 dose was 5mg, range 2.5-5mg/week. The prolactin levels, markers of compliance, were suppressed in all @entity0 . During the treatment, @entity2 varied, gradual and dose-dependent reductions were not seen. Five @entity0 had a >50% decrease of UFC, three had a >50% rise of UFC. Salivary @entity3 at 2300h showed a congruent >50% change with UFC in two of the five cases with decreased UFC, and in one of the three cases with increased UFC. One @entity0 with decreases in both UFC and 2300h salivary @entity3 also had a reduction in diurnal serum @entity3 during the course of the study. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 seems to be of little value in the management of @entity2 . Only one @entity0 had a response-like pattern. Given the known variability of disease activity in @entity2 , this might represent a chance finding.

title: Limited value of @entity6 in @entity2 : a prospective study of a 6-week treatment in 20 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many different @entity1 have been reported to occur simultaneously as collision lesions. To date, no such events have been reported between @entity4 fungoides (MFs) and @entity1 . METHODS: Two cases are presented in which patches of MF were superimposed on @entity6 . In addition, 967 biopsies of MF from 411 @entity0 were identified in an 8-year retrospective database search. @entity0 pathology history summaries were reviewed to identify inflamed nevi, @entity5 , and @entity3 submitted for histologic evaluation from this population. RESULTS: The occurrence of MF in a @entity5 was associated with a halo phenomenon restricted to the affected region of the @entity5 in one @entity0 . In the other @entity0 , nests of two morphologies (lymphocytic and melanocytic) in the same biopsy presented a potentially confusing histologic picture. No other cases of MF superimposed on a @entity5 were identified in 967 biopsies from 411 @entity0 with a histological diagnosis of MF seen over the past 8 years. In this population, 57 biopsies of @entity2 were identified from 28 @entity0 , including three @entity5 and three @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of MF superimposed on a @entity5 is rare and may lead to confounding histologic features or the development of a halo @entity5 phenomenon.

title: Histologic features of XXXX seen in association with @entity4 fungoides.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many different @entity1 have been reported to occur simultaneously as collision lesions. To date, no such events have been reported between @entity4 fungoides (MFs) and @entity1 . METHODS: Two cases are presented in which patches of MF were superimposed on @entity6 . In addition, 967 biopsies of MF from 411 @entity0 were identified in an 8-year retrospective database search. @entity0 pathology history summaries were reviewed to identify inflamed nevi, @entity5 , and @entity3 submitted for histologic evaluation from this population. RESULTS: The occurrence of MF in a @entity5 was associated with a halo phenomenon restricted to the affected region of the @entity5 in one @entity0 . In the other @entity0 , nests of two morphologies (lymphocytic and melanocytic) in the same biopsy presented a potentially confusing histologic picture. No other cases of MF superimposed on a @entity5 were identified in 967 biopsies from 411 @entity0 with a histological diagnosis of MF seen over the past 8 years. In this population, 57 biopsies of @entity2 were identified from 28 @entity0 , including three @entity5 and three @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The presence of MF superimposed on a @entity5 is rare and may lead to confounding histologic features or the development of a halo @entity5 phenomenon.

title: Histologic features of @entity6 seen in association with XXXX fungoides.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment guidelines for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) propose to switch @entity1 reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) in case of refractoriness. However, no controlled research has been published yet that prospectively examined the effects of changing SRIs. This article describes the first double-blind switch study of 2 SRIs in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHOD: 150 @entity0 with primary @entity4 , according to DSM-IV criteria, were randomly assigned in a 12-week, double-blind trial to receive dosages titrated upward to 300 mg/day of @entity3 (N = 75) or 60 mg/day of @entity2 (N = 75). Primary efficacy was assessed by the change from baseline on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and nonresponse was defined as less than 25% reduction on the Y-BOCS. After a 4-week tapering phase, 43 nonresponders were switched to 12 additional weeks of the alternate antidepressant, of which 16 @entity0 received @entity3 and 27 received @entity2 . RESULTS: Eighteen of 43 @entity0 benefited from a switch to the alternate @entity5 with a mean +/- SD decrease of at least 25% on the Y-BOCS. At the end of 12 weeks, responder rates were 56% for @entity2 (15/27) and 19% for @entity3 (3/16). An intent-to-treat, last-observation-carried-forward analysis demonstrated a mean decrease on the Y-BOCS of 1.8 +/- 3.5 in the @entity3 group and 6.5 +/- 7.1 in the @entity2 group. After 2 consecutive @entity5 trials, 109 of 150 @entity0 (73%) achieved a Y-BOCS decrease of at least 25%. CONCLUSION: The results of the current study show that 42% of the nonresponders benefited from a crossover to the other @entity5 , and that @entity2 was more efficacious than @entity3 in the treatment of nonresponders to a previous @entity5 trial. Switching SRIs in case of refractoriness may be considered a useful strategy for @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: A double-blind switch study of @entity2 and @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment guidelines for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) propose to switch @entity1 reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) in case of refractoriness. However, no controlled research has been published yet that prospectively examined the effects of changing SRIs. This article describes the first double-blind switch study of 2 SRIs in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHOD: 150 @entity0 with primary @entity4 , according to DSM-IV criteria, were randomly assigned in a 12-week, double-blind trial to receive dosages titrated upward to 300 mg/day of @entity3 (N = 75) or 60 mg/day of @entity2 (N = 75). Primary efficacy was assessed by the change from baseline on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and nonresponse was defined as less than 25% reduction on the Y-BOCS. After a 4-week tapering phase, 43 nonresponders were switched to 12 additional weeks of the alternate antidepressant, of which 16 @entity0 received @entity3 and 27 received @entity2 . RESULTS: Eighteen of 43 @entity0 benefited from a switch to the alternate @entity5 with a mean +/- SD decrease of at least 25% on the Y-BOCS. At the end of 12 weeks, responder rates were 56% for @entity2 (15/27) and 19% for @entity3 (3/16). An intent-to-treat, last-observation-carried-forward analysis demonstrated a mean decrease on the Y-BOCS of 1.8 +/- 3.5 in the @entity3 group and 6.5 +/- 7.1 in the @entity2 group. After 2 consecutive @entity5 trials, 109 of 150 @entity0 (73%) achieved a Y-BOCS decrease of at least 25%. CONCLUSION: The results of the current study show that 42% of the nonresponders benefited from a crossover to the other @entity5 , and that @entity2 was more efficacious than @entity3 in the treatment of nonresponders to a previous @entity5 trial. Switching SRIs in case of refractoriness may be considered a useful strategy for @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: A double-blind switch study of @entity2 and XXXX in @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment guidelines for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) propose to switch @entity1 reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) in case of refractoriness. However, no controlled research has been published yet that prospectively examined the effects of changing SRIs. This article describes the first double-blind switch study of 2 SRIs in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHOD: 150 @entity0 with primary @entity4 , according to DSM-IV criteria, were randomly assigned in a 12-week, double-blind trial to receive dosages titrated upward to 300 mg/day of @entity3 (N = 75) or 60 mg/day of @entity2 (N = 75). Primary efficacy was assessed by the change from baseline on the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and nonresponse was defined as less than 25% reduction on the Y-BOCS. After a 4-week tapering phase, 43 nonresponders were switched to 12 additional weeks of the alternate antidepressant, of which 16 @entity0 received @entity3 and 27 received @entity2 . RESULTS: Eighteen of 43 @entity0 benefited from a switch to the alternate @entity5 with a mean +/- SD decrease of at least 25% on the Y-BOCS. At the end of 12 weeks, responder rates were 56% for @entity2 (15/27) and 19% for @entity3 (3/16). An intent-to-treat, last-observation-carried-forward analysis demonstrated a mean decrease on the Y-BOCS of 1.8 +/- 3.5 in the @entity3 group and 6.5 +/- 7.1 in the @entity2 group. After 2 consecutive @entity5 trials, 109 of 150 @entity0 (73%) achieved a Y-BOCS decrease of at least 25%. CONCLUSION: The results of the current study show that 42% of the nonresponders benefited from a crossover to the other @entity5 , and that @entity2 was more efficacious than @entity3 in the treatment of nonresponders to a previous @entity5 trial. Switching SRIs in case of refractoriness may be considered a useful strategy for @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: A double-blind switch study of XXXX and @entity3 in @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 -resistant @entity4 (MRSP), which is often multidrug resistant (MDR), has recently emerged as a threat to @entity0 health worldwide. Knowledge of the temporal distribution of specific MRSP lineages, their antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, and their association with clinical conditions may help us to understand the emergence and spread of MRSP in @entity0 . The aim of this study was to determine the yearly proportions of MRSP lineages and their antimicrobial-resistant phenotypes in the Netherlands and to examine possible associations with clinical conditions. MRSP was first isolated from a @entity0 specimen submitted for diagnostics to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Utrecht University in 2004. The annual cumulative incidence of MRSP among @entity4 increased from 0.9% in 2004 to 7% in 2013. MRSP was significantly associated with @entity2 and, to a lesser extent, with wound @entity3 . Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of 478 MRSP isolates yielded 39 sequence types (ST) belonging to 4 clonal complexes (CC) and 15 singletons. CC71 was the dominant lineage that emerged since 2004, and CC258, CC45, and several unlinked isolates became more frequent during the following years. All but two strains conferred an MDR phenotype, but strains belonging to CC258 or singletons were less resistant. In conclusion, our study showed that MDR CC71 emerged as the dominant lineage from 2004 and onward and that less-resistant lineages were partly replacing CC71.

title: Changes in the Population of @entity1 -Resistant XXXX and Dissemination of Antimicrobial-Resistant Phenotypes in the Netherlands.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 -resistant @entity4 (MRSP), which is often multidrug resistant (MDR), has recently emerged as a threat to @entity0 health worldwide. Knowledge of the temporal distribution of specific MRSP lineages, their antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, and their association with clinical conditions may help us to understand the emergence and spread of MRSP in @entity0 . The aim of this study was to determine the yearly proportions of MRSP lineages and their antimicrobial-resistant phenotypes in the Netherlands and to examine possible associations with clinical conditions. MRSP was first isolated from a @entity0 specimen submitted for diagnostics to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Utrecht University in 2004. The annual cumulative incidence of MRSP among @entity4 increased from 0.9% in 2004 to 7% in 2013. MRSP was significantly associated with @entity2 and, to a lesser extent, with wound @entity3 . Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of 478 MRSP isolates yielded 39 sequence types (ST) belonging to 4 clonal complexes (CC) and 15 singletons. CC71 was the dominant lineage that emerged since 2004, and CC258, CC45, and several unlinked isolates became more frequent during the following years. All but two strains conferred an MDR phenotype, but strains belonging to CC258 or singletons were less resistant. In conclusion, our study showed that MDR CC71 emerged as the dominant lineage from 2004 and onward and that less-resistant lineages were partly replacing CC71.

title: Changes in the Population of XXXX -Resistant @entity4 and Dissemination of Antimicrobial-Resistant Phenotypes in the Netherlands.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Influenza can be severe in @entity0 with underlying @entity1 ; however, the rate of influenza hospitalizations and attributable mortality in @entity0 with @entity1 is unknown. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cohort study among 10 698 @entity0 with new-onset @entity3 ( @entity3 ) from 41 US @entity0 's hospitals between January 1999 and September 2011. Influenza-related hospitalizations were identified using ICD-9 discharge diagnosis codes, excluding hospitalizations during low-prevalence influenza periods. Follow-up was censored at the earliest of 5 events: end of study period, expected end of chemotherapy, last known hospitalization, hematopoietic stem cell transplant, or @entity2 . Data were collected on hospitalization characteristics and resource utilization. Hospitalization rates were calculated using season-adjusted @entity0 -time. Crude attributable in-hospital mortality was calculated using baseline mortality for noninfluenza hospitalizations during the same period. Subgroup analysis was performed by time from @entity3 diagnosis and by age category. RESULTS: The rate of influenza-related hospitalizations was 618.3 per 100 000 @entity0 -months. Rates were similar by time from @entity3 diagnosis and across age categories. Overall attributable in-hospital mortality was 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.3%-2.3%) and was highest for @entity0 <6 months from diagnosis (1.6%; 95% CI, 0.4%-4.5%) and @entity0 <2 years of age (6.7%; 95% CI, 1.3%-22.7%). Total length of stay, days of broad-spectrum antibiotic exposure, and duration of intensive care were significantly greater for influenza-related hospitalizations compared with noninfluenza hospitalizations. CONCLUSIONS: The burden of influenza-related hospitalizations in @entity0 with @entity3 is high and associated with significantly increased resource utilization and attributable mortality.

title: Burden of Influenza-Related Hospitalizations and Attributable Mortality in Pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Liposomal drug delivery appears to improve the antitumor effect and reduce @entity3 compared with the free drug. The therapeutic index may be improved further by combining cytotoxic drugs and radiotherapy. Successful therapy requires that the cytotoxic agents reach the @entity1 cells. Therefore, we studied @entity1 growth and the microdistribution of liposomal @entity7 (Caelyx) with and without additional ionizing radiation in @entity0 @entity4 xenografts in athymic @entity2 . Caelyx was injected i.v. 1 day before single or fractionated radiotherapy. Both chemoirradiation regimens induced significant @entity8 and worked synergistically. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that intact liposomes were located in close proximity to endothelial cells, and the distribution of released @entity7 was heterogeneous. Before radiotherapy, hardly any @entity7 was localized in the central parts of the @entity1 . Radiotherapy increased the @entity1 uptake of @entity7 by a factor of two to four, with drug being redistributed farther from the vessels in the @entity1 periphery and located around vessels in the central parts of the @entity1 . Colocalization of @entity7 and @entity6 cells showed no distribution of drug into @entity6 areas. Dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity5 day before the injection of Caelyx and 2 days after treatment start showed that the combined treatment reduced the vascular volume and the vascular transfer rate of the MRI tracer. The results show that chemoirradiation with Caelyx induces synergistic treatment effects. Improved intratumoral drug uptake and distribution are responsible to some extent for the enhanced antitumor effect.

title: Radiation improves the distribution and uptake of liposomal @entity7 (caelyx) in @entity0 XXXX xenografts.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Liposomal drug delivery appears to improve the antitumor effect and reduce @entity3 compared with the free drug. The therapeutic index may be improved further by combining cytotoxic drugs and radiotherapy. Successful therapy requires that the cytotoxic agents reach the @entity1 cells. Therefore, we studied @entity1 growth and the microdistribution of liposomal @entity7 (Caelyx) with and without additional ionizing radiation in @entity0 @entity4 xenografts in athymic @entity2 . Caelyx was injected i.v. 1 day before single or fractionated radiotherapy. Both chemoirradiation regimens induced significant @entity8 and worked synergistically. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that intact liposomes were located in close proximity to endothelial cells, and the distribution of released @entity7 was heterogeneous. Before radiotherapy, hardly any @entity7 was localized in the central parts of the @entity1 . Radiotherapy increased the @entity1 uptake of @entity7 by a factor of two to four, with drug being redistributed farther from the vessels in the @entity1 periphery and located around vessels in the central parts of the @entity1 . Colocalization of @entity7 and @entity6 cells showed no distribution of drug into @entity6 areas. Dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity5 day before the injection of Caelyx and 2 days after treatment start showed that the combined treatment reduced the vascular volume and the vascular transfer rate of the MRI tracer. The results show that chemoirradiation with Caelyx induces synergistic treatment effects. Improved intratumoral drug uptake and distribution are responsible to some extent for the enhanced antitumor effect.

title: Radiation improves the distribution and uptake of liposomal XXXX (caelyx) in @entity0 @entity4 xenografts.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Liposomal drug delivery appears to improve the antitumor effect and reduce @entity3 compared with the free drug. The therapeutic index may be improved further by combining cytotoxic drugs and radiotherapy. Successful therapy requires that the cytotoxic agents reach the @entity1 cells. Therefore, we studied @entity1 growth and the microdistribution of liposomal @entity7 (Caelyx) with and without additional ionizing radiation in @entity0 @entity4 xenografts in athymic @entity2 . Caelyx was injected i.v. 1 day before single or fractionated radiotherapy. Both chemoirradiation regimens induced significant @entity8 and worked synergistically. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that intact liposomes were located in close proximity to endothelial cells, and the distribution of released @entity7 was heterogeneous. Before radiotherapy, hardly any @entity7 was localized in the central parts of the @entity1 . Radiotherapy increased the @entity1 uptake of @entity7 by a factor of two to four, with drug being redistributed farther from the vessels in the @entity1 periphery and located around vessels in the central parts of the @entity1 . Colocalization of @entity7 and @entity6 cells showed no distribution of drug into @entity6 areas. Dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity5 day before the injection of Caelyx and 2 days after treatment start showed that the combined treatment reduced the vascular volume and the vascular transfer rate of the MRI tracer. The results show that chemoirradiation with Caelyx induces synergistic treatment effects. Improved intratumoral drug uptake and distribution are responsible to some extent for the enhanced antitumor effect.

title: Radiation improves the distribution and uptake of liposomal @entity7 (caelyx) in XXXX @entity4 xenografts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. The effects of @entity4 , one of the most common cholinesterase inhibitors used for treatment of @entity0 , were studied on nicotinic receptors (nAChRs)-mediated postsynaptic currents, in dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta, using the patch-clamp recording technique in slice preparations. 2. @entity4 (10-100 microM) selectively and reversibly depressed @entity1 currents, induced by brief puffer pulses, through a glass micropipette positioned above the slice. 3. The peak amplitude fading of the responses generated by repeated test applications of low doses of @entity1 was accelerated by @entity4 , while it slowed the recovery of @entity1 currents after a large, desensitising, dose of the same agonist. 4. @entity4 depressed even maximal responses to @entity1 , revealing a noncompetitive mechanism of action; moreover, the inhibition of nAChRs was voltage and time independent. 5. Pretreatment with @entity2 or @entity5 did not prevent the reduction of @entity1 -induced currents. The data indicated direct effect on @entity3 , independent from the activity of @entity4 as cholinesterase inhibitor.

title: XXXX modulates nicotinic receptors of substantia nigra dopaminergic neurones.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is characterized by the desire to move the limbs associated with paresthesias of the legs, a motor restlessness, an intensification of symptoms at rest with relief by activity, and a worsening of symptoms in the evening or at night. Population-based studies are rare, and risk factors in the general population are not known. METHODS: Cross-sectional survey with face-to-face interviews and physical examination among 4310 @entity0 in the Study of Health in Pomerania in northeastern Germany. @entity0 were aged 20 to 79 years and were randomly selected from population registers. @entity1 was assessed with standardized, validated questions addressing the 4 minimal criteria for @entity1 as defined by the International @entity1 Study Group. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of @entity1 was 10.6%, increasing with age, and @entity0 were twice as often affected as @entity0 . While nulliparous @entity0 had prevalences similar to those among @entity0 up to age 64 years, the risk of @entity1 increased gradually for @entity0 with 1 @entity0 (odds ratio, 1.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-3.13), 2 @entity0 (odds ratio, 3.04; 95% confidence interval, 2.11-4.40), and 3 or more @entity0 (odds ratio, 3.57; 95% confidence interval, 2.30-5.55). Subjects with @entity1 had significantly lower quality-of-life scores than those without the syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 is a common disease in the general population, affecting @entity0 more often than @entity0 . It is associated with reduced quality of life in cross-sectional analysis. Parity is a major factor in explaining the sex difference and may guide further clarification of the etiology of the disease.

title: Sex and the risk of XXXX in the general population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: One of the characteristic features of @entity5 is its tendency to become exacerbated during acute infections of the respiratory tract. There are only a few studies on the relation between @entity4 and the exacerbation of @entity5 in adult @entity7 . @entity1 , leading to transient increase in bronchial reactivity, are believed to be some of the mechanisms whereby @entity9 cause @entity7 exacerbations. A total of 150 @entity0 with @entity5 were studied. Study I, which dealt with the effect of @entity9 on the exacerbation of @entity5 , comprised 92 @entity7 . The @entity0 evaluated the severity of their disease daily by recording a symptom score in a follow-up chart. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured by the @entity0 with a mini-Wright peak flow meter twice a day. In order to detect @entity9 , the occurrence of @entity3 , sore throat and symptoms of @entity10 were also recorded. The daily self-observation by the @entity0 was augmented by monthly examinations by a physician and an interview by a nurse. In the course of study I, 253 episodes of exacerbation of @entity5 were observed in 67 of the 92 @entity0 . 63 (25%) of these 253 exacerbations were found in association with symptomatic @entity9 (SRI). The mean duration of exacerbations associated with SRI was 11.4 days, significantly longer than the mean duration of 8.1 days of the other exacerbations. A series of 39 @entity0 were entered in study II concerning the effect of vaccination on airway conductance and respiratory symptoms, and 27 @entity7 were assigned to study III which dealt with bronchial reactivity after vaccination with killed @entity6 virus vaccine. Study IV (bronchial reactivity after @entity4 ) comprised 13 @entity0 . 21 members of hospital staff, without a history of @entity8 , participated in studies II and IV as healthy controls. The virus vaccines in studies II, III and IV were provided by the manufacturers. The subjects were seen by the investigators immediately before and 2, 3 and either 14 or 21 days after vaccination. The presence of respiratory symptoms was assessed at each visit. In order to detect changes in respiratory function after vaccination, Raw and ITGV were measured at each visit. The results were expressed as specific airway conductance (SGaw). In studies III and IV, airway reactivity to inhaled @entity2 before and after vaccination was also measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Acute XXXX , @entity6 vaccination and airway reactivity in @entity5 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: One of the characteristic features of @entity5 is its tendency to become exacerbated during acute infections of the respiratory tract. There are only a few studies on the relation between @entity4 and the exacerbation of @entity5 in adult @entity7 . @entity1 , leading to transient increase in bronchial reactivity, are believed to be some of the mechanisms whereby @entity9 cause @entity7 exacerbations. A total of 150 @entity0 with @entity5 were studied. Study I, which dealt with the effect of @entity9 on the exacerbation of @entity5 , comprised 92 @entity7 . The @entity0 evaluated the severity of their disease daily by recording a symptom score in a follow-up chart. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured by the @entity0 with a mini-Wright peak flow meter twice a day. In order to detect @entity9 , the occurrence of @entity3 , sore throat and symptoms of @entity10 were also recorded. The daily self-observation by the @entity0 was augmented by monthly examinations by a physician and an interview by a nurse. In the course of study I, 253 episodes of exacerbation of @entity5 were observed in 67 of the 92 @entity0 . 63 (25%) of these 253 exacerbations were found in association with symptomatic @entity9 (SRI). The mean duration of exacerbations associated with SRI was 11.4 days, significantly longer than the mean duration of 8.1 days of the other exacerbations. A series of 39 @entity0 were entered in study II concerning the effect of vaccination on airway conductance and respiratory symptoms, and 27 @entity7 were assigned to study III which dealt with bronchial reactivity after vaccination with killed @entity6 virus vaccine. Study IV (bronchial reactivity after @entity4 ) comprised 13 @entity0 . 21 members of hospital staff, without a history of @entity8 , participated in studies II and IV as healthy controls. The virus vaccines in studies II, III and IV were provided by the manufacturers. The subjects were seen by the investigators immediately before and 2, 3 and either 14 or 21 days after vaccination. The presence of respiratory symptoms was assessed at each visit. In order to detect changes in respiratory function after vaccination, Raw and ITGV were measured at each visit. The results were expressed as specific airway conductance (SGaw). In studies III and IV, airway reactivity to inhaled @entity2 before and after vaccination was also measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Acute @entity9 , XXXX vaccination and airway reactivity in @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: One of the characteristic features of @entity5 is its tendency to become exacerbated during acute infections of the respiratory tract. There are only a few studies on the relation between @entity4 and the exacerbation of @entity5 in adult @entity7 . @entity1 , leading to transient increase in bronchial reactivity, are believed to be some of the mechanisms whereby @entity9 cause @entity7 exacerbations. A total of 150 @entity0 with @entity5 were studied. Study I, which dealt with the effect of @entity9 on the exacerbation of @entity5 , comprised 92 @entity7 . The @entity0 evaluated the severity of their disease daily by recording a symptom score in a follow-up chart. Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured by the @entity0 with a mini-Wright peak flow meter twice a day. In order to detect @entity9 , the occurrence of @entity3 , sore throat and symptoms of @entity10 were also recorded. The daily self-observation by the @entity0 was augmented by monthly examinations by a physician and an interview by a nurse. In the course of study I, 253 episodes of exacerbation of @entity5 were observed in 67 of the 92 @entity0 . 63 (25%) of these 253 exacerbations were found in association with symptomatic @entity9 (SRI). The mean duration of exacerbations associated with SRI was 11.4 days, significantly longer than the mean duration of 8.1 days of the other exacerbations. A series of 39 @entity0 were entered in study II concerning the effect of vaccination on airway conductance and respiratory symptoms, and 27 @entity7 were assigned to study III which dealt with bronchial reactivity after vaccination with killed @entity6 virus vaccine. Study IV (bronchial reactivity after @entity4 ) comprised 13 @entity0 . 21 members of hospital staff, without a history of @entity8 , participated in studies II and IV as healthy controls. The virus vaccines in studies II, III and IV were provided by the manufacturers. The subjects were seen by the investigators immediately before and 2, 3 and either 14 or 21 days after vaccination. The presence of respiratory symptoms was assessed at each visit. In order to detect changes in respiratory function after vaccination, Raw and ITGV were measured at each visit. The results were expressed as specific airway conductance (SGaw). In studies III and IV, airway reactivity to inhaled @entity2 before and after vaccination was also measured.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Acute @entity9 , @entity6 vaccination and airway reactivity in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: CONTEXT: Associations between @entity6 and @entity5 are known but insufficiently characterized. Some evidence suggests that @entity2 2 @entity1 may also be associated with @entity3 . OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate associations of @entity6 with the prevalence of hypo- and @entity4 . DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional, population-based study of adults in two surveys of the Nord-Tr  ndelag Health (HUNT) Study. @entity0 : A total of 34 235 @entity0 of HUNT2 (1995-1997) and 48 809 @entity0 of HUNT3 (2006-2008) participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of hypo- and @entity4 was estimated, assessed by self-report, serum measurements, and linkage with the Norwegian Prescription Database. RESULTS: In HUNT2, @entity6 was associated with a higher age-adjusted prevalence of @entity3 among both @entity0 (prevalence ratio 1.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30-2.47) and @entity0 (prevalence ratio 2.71, 95% CI 1.76-4.19), compared with having no @entity1 . For @entity4 , the corresponding cumulative prevalence ratios were 2.12 (95% CI 1.36-3.32) in @entity0 and 2.54 (95% CI 1.24-5.18) in @entity0 with @entity6 . The age-adjusted excess prevalence of @entity3 (   6 percentage points) and the presence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies (8-10 percentage points) associated with @entity6 was similar in @entity0 and @entity0 . @entity2 2 @entity1 was not associated with the prevalence of @entity3 . In HUNT3, associations were broadly similar to those in HUNT2. CONCLUSIONS: Autoimmune @entity1 , but not @entity2 2 @entity1 , was strongly and gender neutrally associated with an increased prevalence of hypo- and @entity4 and the presence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Increased surveillance for @entity3 appears not necessary in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 .

title: Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction in XXXX : The Population-Based HUNT Study in Norway.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity2 represents a broad spectrum of anatomical and histological subsets of @entity0 with differing biological characteristics and prognostic expectations. Our experience with 161 consecutive @entity0 undergoing complete resection for @entity2 at the M. D. Anderson Hospital and @entity2 Institute from 1965 through 1980 includes 69 @entity0 with T3 N0 or N1 disease and 92 @entity0 with an N2 classification. The cumulative 5-year survival overall was 30%: 35.6% for the T3 N0 or N1 group and 26% for the N2 @entity0 . Seventy-three @entity0 had @entity4 and 76, @entity3 . Small numbers of @entity0 had other miscellaneous classifications (N = 12). In the T3 N0 or N1 subset, 43% of the @entity0 with @entity4 (N = 37) and 23% of those with @entity3 (N = 25) survived 5 years. In the N2 subset, 39% of the @entity0 with @entity4 (N = 36) and 14% of the group with @entity3 (N = 52) achieved long-term survival. Failure of treatment was clinically documented in 61 @entity0 . The first observed recurrence or @entity1 was at a distant site in the majority of these @entity0 . Operative intervention for @entity0 with Stage III M0 @entity5 is effective and reflects the impact and limitations of resection on disease progression. Adjuvant irradiation was not shown to improve the outcome over the results of operation alone. Effective systemic therapy will be required to produce substantial changes in end results.

title: The biological operability of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of prophylactic scleral buckling procedure with pars plana vitrectomy for the removal of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in the prevention of postoperative @entity1 . METHODS: In a prospective, clinical, controlled study, 28 @entity0 with @entity2 without @entity1 were randomly divided into two groups of 15 (group I) and 13 (group II) @entity0 . All @entity0 underwent a standard three-port pars plana vitrectomy with @entity3 . In addition to this standard procedure, @entity0 assigned to group I had a 360 degrees encircling scleral buckle placed at the time of surgery. Group II @entity0 did not have any scleral buckling. All @entity0 were followed up for an average period of 11.8 months. Both groups were comparable with respect to age, sex, duration of injury, nature of injury, and site, size and type of @entity2 . RESULTS: The @entity1 rate was found to be 6.6% in group I and 30.8% in group II (P = 0.24). Prophylactic scleral buckling reduced the risk of @entity1 by 24% but this was not found to be statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic scleral buckle placement with pars plana vitreous surgery for @entity2 may reduce the risk of late onset @entity1 . A larger study would seem warranted.

title: Role of prophylactic scleral buckling in the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Vasectomy is the process in which a @entity0 's vas deferens are severed, with the cut ends folded back and tied off to prevent the release of sperm from his testicles to the urethra and out of the penis. The procedure may be conducted in a doctor's office under local anesthesia, is almost 100% effective in preventing pregnancy, and leaves sexual function fully intact. Since sperm comprise less than 5% of semen, even the amount of ejaculated fluid does not change noticeably. 20% of American @entity0 over age 35 years have had a vasectomy. Despite vasectomy's simplicity and effectiveness, debate exists over whether vasectomy may increase the risk of @entity2 , the most common @entity1 in @entity0 . Two large, well-designed Harvard studies were published in 1993 in the Journal of the American Medical Association which suggest that such a relationship may exist. The two studies compared the number of @entity2 diagnoses in almost 25,000 @entity0 who had undergone vasectomy with nearly 50,000 @entity0 who had not. @entity0 who had undergone vasectomy more than 20 years earlier were almost twice as likely as their unsterilized counterparts to have been diagnosed with @entity2 . Overall, the rate of such diagnoses was about 60% higher among the @entity0 who had been sterilized. These widely-reported studies rekindled earlier fears of a possible @entity2 risk and no doubt convinced some @entity0 to avoid the operation or to have it reversed if they had already gone through with it. Four earlier studies also suggested a link between @entity2 and vasectomy. Seven other reports, however, have found no connection. Several studies even indicate that @entity0 who undergo vasectomy live longer than other @entity0 . Many researchers believe that the Harvard studies' findings are simply the result of earlier and better diagnosis of @entity2 among sterilized @entity0 rather than due to an actual increased risk of the @entity1 .

title: Does vasectomy cause XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: One hundred sixty-five nonsmoking @entity4 @entity0 were evaluated by pulmonary function testing. @entity2 and an isolated reduction of the diffusing capacity of @entity5 were the most frequent abnormalities. @entity0 with the @entity9 ( @entity3 , @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity13 , and @entity12 ) had a similar frequency and severity of @entity2 compared with the @entity0 who had @entity11 . @entity9 @entity0 with @entity2 rarely had the anticentromere antibody and had more skin and joint involvement of their hands, compared with other @entity9 @entity0 . @entity6 and rales were most commonly found in @entity0 with @entity2 . @entity1 , shown on chest radiograph, and @entity2 correlated poorly with each other. @entity6 was associated with restrictive disease, and rales were more commonly found in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 with a restrictive abnormality had the worst prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 58%, although death from pulmonary causes was uncommon. Comparison of these nonsmoking @entity0 with 137 @entity8 @entity0 who smoked, seen during the same time period, revealed more frequent and severe obstructive changes in smokers. Smoking @entity0 with @entity2 had more severe disease than nonsmoking @entity0 . The single breath diffusing capacity for @entity5 was significantly decreased in the @entity0 who smoked compared with the nonsmokers. These data confirm that @entity2 are common in @entity0 with @entity4 including @entity9 . Smoking appears to have an additive deleterious effect on pulmonary function and should be strongly discouraged.

title: XXXX in @entity4 ( @entity8 ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: One hundred sixty-five nonsmoking @entity4 @entity0 were evaluated by pulmonary function testing. @entity2 and an isolated reduction of the diffusing capacity of @entity5 were the most frequent abnormalities. @entity0 with the @entity9 ( @entity3 , @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity13 , and @entity12 ) had a similar frequency and severity of @entity2 compared with the @entity0 who had @entity11 . @entity9 @entity0 with @entity2 rarely had the anticentromere antibody and had more skin and joint involvement of their hands, compared with other @entity9 @entity0 . @entity6 and rales were most commonly found in @entity0 with @entity2 . @entity1 , shown on chest radiograph, and @entity2 correlated poorly with each other. @entity6 was associated with restrictive disease, and rales were more commonly found in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 with a restrictive abnormality had the worst prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of 58%, although death from pulmonary causes was uncommon. Comparison of these nonsmoking @entity0 with 137 @entity8 @entity0 who smoked, seen during the same time period, revealed more frequent and severe obstructive changes in smokers. Smoking @entity0 with @entity2 had more severe disease than nonsmoking @entity0 . The single breath diffusing capacity for @entity5 was significantly decreased in the @entity0 who smoked compared with the nonsmokers. These data confirm that @entity2 are common in @entity0 with @entity4 including @entity9 . Smoking appears to have an additive deleterious effect on pulmonary function and should be strongly discouraged.

title: @entity2 in @entity4 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity8