abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate long-term results after one-, two-, and three-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with stand-alone empty @entity8 ( @entity8 ) cages. METHODS: We performed a retrospective review of a consecutive @entity0 cohort that underwent ACDF with stand-alone empty @entity8 cages between 2007 and 2010 with a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Radiographic follow-up included static and flexion/extension radiographs. Changes in the operated segments were measured and compared to radiographs directly after surgery. Clinical outcome was evaluated by a physical examination, @entity1 visual analog scale (VAS), and health-related quality of life (HRQL) using the EuroQOL questionnaire (EQ-5D). Analysis of associations between fusion, subsidence, cervical alignment, and clinical outcome parameters were performed. RESULTS: Of 407 consecutive cases, 318 met all inclusion criteria. Follow-up data were obtained from 265 (83 %) cases. The mean age at presentation was 55 years and 139 @entity0 were male (52 %). In the sample, 127, 125, and 13 @entity0 had one-, two-, and three-level surgeries, respectively; 132 (49 %) presented with @entity7 and 133 (50 %) with @entity5 . Fusion was achieved in 85, 95, and 94 % of segments in one-, two-, and three-level surgeries, respectively. Non-fusion was associated with higher @entity3 levels. Radiographic @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was observed in 20, 29, and 15 % in one-, two-, and three-level surgeries, respectively. @entity6 was associated with lower HRQL. Subsidence was observed in 25, 27, and 15 % of segments in one-, two-, and three-level surgeries, respectively. However, this had no influence on clinical outcome. Follow-up operations for symptomatic adjacent @entity2 at index level were needed in 16 (6 %) and four (1.5 %) cases, respectively. Younger age was associated with better clinical outcome. Multilevel surgery favored better @entity4 outcomes and fusion reduced overall @entity1 . @entity6 worsened EuroQOL-Index values. Worsening of the cervical alignment induced arm @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: One- and two-level ACDF with stand-alone empty @entity8 cages achieved very high fusion rates and a low rate of follow-up operations. The rate of good clinical outcome is highly satisfactory. Younger age was the single most influential factor associated with better clinical outcome.

title: Clinical and radiological outcome after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with stand-alone empty @entity8 ( XXXX ) cages.

answer: @entity8


abstract: AIM: To assess the views and experience of the UK dentists specialising in paediatric dentistry (trainees) about molar @entity3 (MIH) and compare the findings with the responses from a group of UK general dental practitioners. METHOD: A web-based questionnaire was sent to dentists undergoing specialist training in paediatric dentistry. The same questionnaire was completed by a group of general dentists who stated an interest in treating @entity0 , with various levels of experience. The questionnaire sought information on clinical experience and the views of the dentists on the impact of MIH on @entity0 and families. RESULTS: Specialty trainees (37) from different paediatric dental departments in the UK completed the online survey, giving a total response rate of 71  %. The questionnaire was also completed by 31 general dental practitioners. There was difficulty in distinguishing MIH from other conditions for both groups. Increased sensitivity of affected teeth was the most frequently encountered problem with 51  % of the trainees and 76  % of the dentists saying this was often or always a challenge. The trainees were particularly concerned about the @entity2 @entity0 experienced and about the appearance of the condition. Both groups felt that parental @entity1 occurred in almost all cases. CONCLUSIONS: Both groups felt that MIH presents several clinical challenges and has a negative effect on the quality of life of the affected @entity0 and their families. There were significant differences in the views and perceptions between the two groups.

title: Molar XXXX : experience and perceived challenges among dentists specialising in paediatric dentistry and a group of general dental practitioners in the UK.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrence or persistence of neurologic symptoms after surgical treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are reported to be as high as 25%. To identify factors affecting the long-term outcome of surgical treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 , we reviewed our 20-year experience. METHODS: One hundred thirty-four transaxillary first rib resections were performed on 118 @entity0 (43 @entity0 , 75 @entity0 , mean age 38 +/- 13 years). Eighty-three operations (61.9%) were undertaken to relieve symptoms resulting from compression of the lower roots of the brachial plexus, 37 (27.6%) for compression of both lower and upper roots, and 14 (10.5%) for lower root and vascular symptoms. All @entity0 underwent a transaxillary extraperiosteal first rib resection with transection of the scalene muscles. In 73 cases (54.5%) a resection of the anterior scalene muscle was also performed. A cervical rib was removed in 28 cases (20.1%), and anomalous @entity1 adjacent to the neurovascular bundle were resected in 41 cases (30.6%). RESULTS: No major complications were observed. Of 105 @entity0 (118 procedures) followed up (mean follow-up, 99 +/- 72 months), good to excellent results were obtained in 96 cases (81.4%) and fair to poor results were recorded in 22 cases (18.6%). The presence of a long posterior first rib stump, measured from the chest x ray films, was the strongest determinant of the long-term results among the variables examined (p < 0.0001). Reoperation, consisting of neurolysis and resection of the stump, was performed in 16 @entity0 . The results were excellent in all cases at a mean follow-up of 66 +/- 46 months. Primary and secondary 10-year, actuarial freedom rates from recurrent symptoms were 80.9% and 93.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the long-term outcome after surgery for @entity2 was strongly influenced by the extent of the first rib resection.

title: Long-term outcome after transaxillary approach for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether @entity0 can predict attacks of @entity1 (if so, this would have implications for developing new treatments) and to evaluate the impact of @entity1 attacks on quality of life (QoL). METHODS: Individuals with @entity1 were invited through international @entity0 associations to participate in an online survey. RESULTS: Responses from 443 subjects with self-reported @entity1 from 15 countries were evaluable. The mean age of subjects was 41 years (91% female). Fifty-eight per cent of subjects reported they could predict at least 51% of @entity1 attacks, and 57% could predict attack severity either fairly well or better [with 43% predicting severity only poorly (30%) or very poorly (13%)]. Sixty-four per cent of subjects reported a poor or very poor current ability to prevent/control @entity1 attacks. One hundred and eighty-two subjects (41%) reported current or previous use of medications for @entity1 : 82% reported at least one currently used medication being tolerated, but only 16% reported at least one current medication being effective. Most subjects (78%) reported making at least one life adjustment due to @entity1 , with more in subjects with secondary @entity1 compared with primary @entity1 (87% vs 71%, P = 0.001). Current QoL with @entity1 was impaired [mean = 6/10 (10 best imaginable)] and secondary @entity1 subjects reported a greater absolute improvement when asked to imagine their QoL without @entity1 (2.3 vs 3.3 P = 0.0002). CONCLUSION: Subjects' ability to predict @entity1 attacks is limited. Treatments were generally considered tolerable but seldom fully effective. Our results confirm an unmet need for new treatments. @entity1 significantly impacts on QoL in all subjects.

title: Prediction and impact of attacks of Raynaud's phenomenon, as judged by XXXX perception.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cytotoxic and antiviral potential of @entity4 and @entity5 was evaluated. @entity1 was checked on @entity2 primary fibroblast cell line through @entity0 assay. Antiviral potential was determined against @entity3 on 9-day old @entity2 embryos. Six different concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 g/ml) of both the drugs were evaluated. The 100 g/ml concentration of @entity4 and higher were cytotoxic. The 25 g/ml concentration of @entity5 and higher were cytotoxic. Comparison of @entity4 and @entity5 showed that @entity4 was safe at 50 g/ml and lower concentrations. @entity5 was protective for cell at 12.5 g/ml and 6.25 g/ml only. Comparison of antiviral activity indicated that @entity4 has strong antiviral potential at 100 g/ml and higher but same concentrations were cytotoxic. @entity5 showed strong antiviral potential at all concentrations.

title: Evaluation of @entity1 and antiviral activity of @entity4 against XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cytotoxic and antiviral potential of @entity4 and @entity5 was evaluated. @entity1 was checked on @entity2 primary fibroblast cell line through @entity0 assay. Antiviral potential was determined against @entity3 on 9-day old @entity2 embryos. Six different concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 g/ml) of both the drugs were evaluated. The 100 g/ml concentration of @entity4 and higher were cytotoxic. The 25 g/ml concentration of @entity5 and higher were cytotoxic. Comparison of @entity4 and @entity5 showed that @entity4 was safe at 50 g/ml and lower concentrations. @entity5 was protective for cell at 12.5 g/ml and 6.25 g/ml only. Comparison of antiviral activity indicated that @entity4 has strong antiviral potential at 100 g/ml and higher but same concentrations were cytotoxic. @entity5 showed strong antiviral potential at all concentrations.

title: Evaluation of XXXX and antiviral activity of @entity4 against @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cytotoxic and antiviral potential of @entity4 and @entity5 was evaluated. @entity1 was checked on @entity2 primary fibroblast cell line through @entity0 assay. Antiviral potential was determined against @entity3 on 9-day old @entity2 embryos. Six different concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 g/ml) of both the drugs were evaluated. The 100 g/ml concentration of @entity4 and higher were cytotoxic. The 25 g/ml concentration of @entity5 and higher were cytotoxic. Comparison of @entity4 and @entity5 showed that @entity4 was safe at 50 g/ml and lower concentrations. @entity5 was protective for cell at 12.5 g/ml and 6.25 g/ml only. Comparison of antiviral activity indicated that @entity4 has strong antiviral potential at 100 g/ml and higher but same concentrations were cytotoxic. @entity5 showed strong antiviral potential at all concentrations.

title: Evaluation of @entity1 and antiviral activity of XXXX against @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Cell stress is implicated in triggering bouts of systemic @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity9 . Blood monocytes from @entity0 affected by @entity8 -mediated @entity3 ( @entity3 ) release greater amounts of @entity7 than monocytes from unaffected subjects. Here we show that stress lowers the threshold of activation; blood monocytes from @entity3 @entity0 maintain the high levels of secreted @entity7 (fivefold) and @entity10 (10-fold) when stimulated with 1,000-fold less @entity2 than that required for full @entity7 secretion in control subjects. Unexpectedly, @entity5 secretion is increased 10-fold, indicating that inflammatory episodes in @entity3 may not be entirely a result of @entity7 but may also involve @entity5 . In @entity3 monocytes, @entity2 induces the externalization of copious amounts of @entity4 (10-fold), which drive @entity7 , @entity10 , and @entity5 release via activation of the P2X purinoceptor 7. This enhanced @entity4 release appears to be the link between cell stress and increased cytokine secretion in @entity3 . In the later phase after @entity2 stimulation, @entity3 monocytes undergo oxidative stress, which impairs production of the anti-inflammatory @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Remarkably, @entity6 secretion is fully restored by treatment with antioxidants. In two @entity0 with the same @entity8 mutation, but different disease severity, monocytes from the mildly affected @entity0 exhibited more efficient redox response, lower @entity4 secretion, and more balanced cytokine production. Thus, the robustness of the individual antioxidant response increases the tolerance to stress and reduces the negative effect of the disease. Pharmacologic block of P2X purinoceptor 7 and improved stress tolerance may represent novel treatment strategies in stress-associated inflammatory diseases.

title: Cell stress increases @entity4 release in XXXX inflammasome-mediated @entity9 , resulting in cytokine imbalance.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Cell stress is implicated in triggering bouts of systemic @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity9 . Blood monocytes from @entity0 affected by @entity8 -mediated @entity3 ( @entity3 ) release greater amounts of @entity7 than monocytes from unaffected subjects. Here we show that stress lowers the threshold of activation; blood monocytes from @entity3 @entity0 maintain the high levels of secreted @entity7 (fivefold) and @entity10 (10-fold) when stimulated with 1,000-fold less @entity2 than that required for full @entity7 secretion in control subjects. Unexpectedly, @entity5 secretion is increased 10-fold, indicating that inflammatory episodes in @entity3 may not be entirely a result of @entity7 but may also involve @entity5 . In @entity3 monocytes, @entity2 induces the externalization of copious amounts of @entity4 (10-fold), which drive @entity7 , @entity10 , and @entity5 release via activation of the P2X purinoceptor 7. This enhanced @entity4 release appears to be the link between cell stress and increased cytokine secretion in @entity3 . In the later phase after @entity2 stimulation, @entity3 monocytes undergo oxidative stress, which impairs production of the anti-inflammatory @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Remarkably, @entity6 secretion is fully restored by treatment with antioxidants. In two @entity0 with the same @entity8 mutation, but different disease severity, monocytes from the mildly affected @entity0 exhibited more efficient redox response, lower @entity4 secretion, and more balanced cytokine production. Thus, the robustness of the individual antioxidant response increases the tolerance to stress and reduces the negative effect of the disease. Pharmacologic block of P2X purinoceptor 7 and improved stress tolerance may represent novel treatment strategies in stress-associated inflammatory diseases.

title: Cell stress increases XXXX release in @entity8 inflammasome-mediated @entity9 , resulting in cytokine imbalance.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Cell stress is implicated in triggering bouts of systemic @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity9 . Blood monocytes from @entity0 affected by @entity8 -mediated @entity3 ( @entity3 ) release greater amounts of @entity7 than monocytes from unaffected subjects. Here we show that stress lowers the threshold of activation; blood monocytes from @entity3 @entity0 maintain the high levels of secreted @entity7 (fivefold) and @entity10 (10-fold) when stimulated with 1,000-fold less @entity2 than that required for full @entity7 secretion in control subjects. Unexpectedly, @entity5 secretion is increased 10-fold, indicating that inflammatory episodes in @entity3 may not be entirely a result of @entity7 but may also involve @entity5 . In @entity3 monocytes, @entity2 induces the externalization of copious amounts of @entity4 (10-fold), which drive @entity7 , @entity10 , and @entity5 release via activation of the P2X purinoceptor 7. This enhanced @entity4 release appears to be the link between cell stress and increased cytokine secretion in @entity3 . In the later phase after @entity2 stimulation, @entity3 monocytes undergo oxidative stress, which impairs production of the anti-inflammatory @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Remarkably, @entity6 secretion is fully restored by treatment with antioxidants. In two @entity0 with the same @entity8 mutation, but different disease severity, monocytes from the mildly affected @entity0 exhibited more efficient redox response, lower @entity4 secretion, and more balanced cytokine production. Thus, the robustness of the individual antioxidant response increases the tolerance to stress and reduces the negative effect of the disease. Pharmacologic block of P2X purinoceptor 7 and improved stress tolerance may represent novel treatment strategies in stress-associated inflammatory diseases.

title: Cell stress increases @entity4 release in @entity8 inflammasome-mediated XXXX , resulting in cytokine imbalance.

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity4 causes growth @entity2 , and @entity6 in @entity0 and animals. Therefore, environmental toxicants, such as @entity7 ( @entity7 ), may secondarily affect these endpoints via @entity8 . In this study, Long-Evans @entity1 were given @entity10 (po), at 0, 1, 4, or 8 mg/kg from Gestation Day 6 through Postnatal Day (PND) 21. We evaluated the offspring at various age intervals for circulating thyroid hormone concentrations [thyroid-stimulating hormone, and free and total @entity5 (T3) and thyroxin (T4)], body weight, eye opening, survival, motor activity development, auditory startle response, and auditory thresholds. Circulating T4 concentrations were sharply reduced in a dose-dependent fashion in @entity9 -exposed groups at PND 1, 7, 14, 21, and 30 but recovered to control levels by PND 45. Moderate reductions in T3 concentrations were apparent in the 4 and 8 mg/kg groups on PND 21 and 30. @entity3 and early eye opening were apparent in the treated pups; by weaning, pup mortality was 20% in the 4 mg/kg group and 50% at the highest dose. Motor activity was also transiently reduced in 15 day old offspring from the 8 mg/kg group. At this dose, animals showed @entity6 at PND 24, but not when tested as adults. Importantly, @entity10 caused permanent @entity6 (20-30 dB threshold shift) at the lowest frequency tested (1 kHz) in both the 4 and 8 mg/kg groups, whereas auditory thresholds were not significantly affected at higher frequencies (4, 16, 32, or 40 kHz). These data indicate that while some effects of @entity10 exposure are dissimilar to @entity4 (e.g., age of eye opening), effects on hormone levels and body weight are comparable. @entity6 in @entity9 -treated animals is a novel finding and may reflect the effects of thyroid hormone disruption on the development of the cochlea.

title: Developmental exposure to @entity7 ( XXXX ) reduces circulating thyroid hormone concentrations and causes hearing deficits in @entity1 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity4 causes growth @entity2 , and @entity6 in @entity0 and animals. Therefore, environmental toxicants, such as @entity7 ( @entity7 ), may secondarily affect these endpoints via @entity8 . In this study, Long-Evans @entity1 were given @entity10 (po), at 0, 1, 4, or 8 mg/kg from Gestation Day 6 through Postnatal Day (PND) 21. We evaluated the offspring at various age intervals for circulating thyroid hormone concentrations [thyroid-stimulating hormone, and free and total @entity5 (T3) and thyroxin (T4)], body weight, eye opening, survival, motor activity development, auditory startle response, and auditory thresholds. Circulating T4 concentrations were sharply reduced in a dose-dependent fashion in @entity9 -exposed groups at PND 1, 7, 14, 21, and 30 but recovered to control levels by PND 45. Moderate reductions in T3 concentrations were apparent in the 4 and 8 mg/kg groups on PND 21 and 30. @entity3 and early eye opening were apparent in the treated pups; by weaning, pup mortality was 20% in the 4 mg/kg group and 50% at the highest dose. Motor activity was also transiently reduced in 15 day old offspring from the 8 mg/kg group. At this dose, animals showed @entity6 at PND 24, but not when tested as adults. Importantly, @entity10 caused permanent @entity6 (20-30 dB threshold shift) at the lowest frequency tested (1 kHz) in both the 4 and 8 mg/kg groups, whereas auditory thresholds were not significantly affected at higher frequencies (4, 16, 32, or 40 kHz). These data indicate that while some effects of @entity10 exposure are dissimilar to @entity4 (e.g., age of eye opening), effects on hormone levels and body weight are comparable. @entity6 in @entity9 -treated animals is a novel finding and may reflect the effects of thyroid hormone disruption on the development of the cochlea.

title: Developmental exposure to XXXX ( @entity10 ) reduces circulating thyroid hormone concentrations and causes hearing deficits in @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity4 causes growth @entity2 , and @entity6 in @entity0 and animals. Therefore, environmental toxicants, such as @entity7 ( @entity7 ), may secondarily affect these endpoints via @entity8 . In this study, Long-Evans @entity1 were given @entity10 (po), at 0, 1, 4, or 8 mg/kg from Gestation Day 6 through Postnatal Day (PND) 21. We evaluated the offspring at various age intervals for circulating thyroid hormone concentrations [thyroid-stimulating hormone, and free and total @entity5 (T3) and thyroxin (T4)], body weight, eye opening, survival, motor activity development, auditory startle response, and auditory thresholds. Circulating T4 concentrations were sharply reduced in a dose-dependent fashion in @entity9 -exposed groups at PND 1, 7, 14, 21, and 30 but recovered to control levels by PND 45. Moderate reductions in T3 concentrations were apparent in the 4 and 8 mg/kg groups on PND 21 and 30. @entity3 and early eye opening were apparent in the treated pups; by weaning, pup mortality was 20% in the 4 mg/kg group and 50% at the highest dose. Motor activity was also transiently reduced in 15 day old offspring from the 8 mg/kg group. At this dose, animals showed @entity6 at PND 24, but not when tested as adults. Importantly, @entity10 caused permanent @entity6 (20-30 dB threshold shift) at the lowest frequency tested (1 kHz) in both the 4 and 8 mg/kg groups, whereas auditory thresholds were not significantly affected at higher frequencies (4, 16, 32, or 40 kHz). These data indicate that while some effects of @entity10 exposure are dissimilar to @entity4 (e.g., age of eye opening), effects on hormone levels and body weight are comparable. @entity6 in @entity9 -treated animals is a novel finding and may reflect the effects of thyroid hormone disruption on the development of the cochlea.

title: Developmental exposure to @entity7 ( @entity10 ) reduces circulating thyroid hormone concentrations and causes hearing deficits in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: One-day-old female @entity1 were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments and were fed for 15  weeks diets containing 5% of cellulose (control, C) or 5% of dried fruit pomaces (apple, black currant, strawberry, seedless strawberry; AP, BCP, SP, SSP respectively). In weeks 11-15 of feeding, all diets were supplemented with 2.5% of linseed oil. The crude fibre content of fruit pomaces ranged from 56.5% in AP to 62.9% in SP. In comparison with AP, berry fruit pomaces (BCP, SP and SSP) were characterised by a higher content of neutral detergent fibre - NDF (41.2% vs. 52.7-59.3%) and lignin (13.24% vs. 21.80-25.56%). A monomer analysis revealed that cellulose was the main non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) in fruit pomaces, whereas their pectin content was low. @entity4 content was determined at below 6  g/kg in AP, at approximately 12  g/kg in BCP and SP, and at 32.8  g/kg in SSP. There were no significant differences (p  >  0.05) in final body weight of birds. After 15  weeks of feeding fruit pomaces to @entity1 , the relative weight of the small intestine with digesta was higher in group AP, and lower in group SSP, as compared to controls. Dietary fruit pomaces decreased the @entity0 ( @entity0 ) concentration and lowered the pH of the small intestinal digesta, except the AP and SSP treatments respectively. In the caeca, significantly reduced concentrations of @entity3 or putrefactive short-chain @entity2 (SCFA) upon dietary fruit pomaces were observed. Fruit pomaces did not influence the concentrations or the total pool of short-chain @entity2 , but led to a significant increase in butyric proportion in the SCFA profile at the expense @entity5 .

title: The effects of dietary dried fruit pomaces on growth performance and gastrointestinal biochemistry of XXXX poults.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Existing review required updating. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of physiotherapy exercise after discharge from hospital on function, walking, range of motion, quality of life and muscle strength, for @entity0 following elective primary total hip arthroplasty for @entity1 . DESIGN: Systematic review from January 2007 to November 2013. DATA SOURCES: AMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Kingsfund Database, and PEDro. Cochrane CENTRAL, BioMed Central (BMC), The Department of Health National Research Register and Clinical Trials.gov register. Searches were overseen by a librarian. Authors were contacted for missing information. No language restrictions were applied. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Trials comparing physiotherapy exercise vs usual/standard care, or comparing two types of relevant exercise physiotherapy, following discharge from hospital after elective primary total hip replacement for @entity1 were reviewed. OUTCOMES: Functional activities of daily living, walking, quality of life, muscle strength and joint range of motion. STUDY APPRAISAL: Quality and risk of bias for studies were evaluated. Data were extracted and meta-analyses considered. RESULTS: 11 trials are included in the review. Trial quality was mixed. Newly included studies were assessed as having lower risk of bias than previous studies. Narrative review indicates that physiotherapy exercise after discharge following total hip replacement may potentially benefit @entity0 in terms of function, walking and muscle strengthening. LIMITATIONS: The overall quality and quantity of trials, and their diversity, prevented meta-analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Disappointingly, insufficient evidence still prevents the effectiveness of physiotherapy exercise following discharge to be determined for this @entity0 group. High quality, adequately powered, trials with long term follow up are required.

title: Effectiveness of land-based physiotherapy exercise following hospital discharge following hip arthroplasty for XXXX : an updated systematic review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the patterns, related factors and prognostic value of abnormal magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) in @entity0 @entity2 virus negative @entity6 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a prospective study in @entity0 aged >14 years. Abnormality on MRA was correlated with clinical, laboratory and magnetic resonance imaging findings. Modified Barthel index was used to assess outcome at 6 months after inclusion. RESULTS: Of 101 @entity0 included, MRA was abnormal in 45 (44.6%). The distribution of MRA abnormality was classified as disseminated irregular calibres of intracranial arteries with or without reduction in distant branches (29.7%, pattern 1) and localised stenosis at the base of the brain (26.7%, pattern 2). In logistic regression analysis, pattern 2 was related to stage of the disease (P = 0.002), basal exudates (P = 0.03) and @entity3 (P = 0.000), while pattern 1 was related to duration of disease (P = 0.050), @entity4 (P = 0.032) and age (P = 0.002). Pattern 1 was also correlated with @entity3 (P = 0.000), particularly @entity3 in the tubercular zone (P = 0.035) in univariate analysis. MRA abnormality was associated with paradoxical worsening (P = 0.022) and poor prognosis in univariate analysis (P = 0.035). CONCLUSION: MRA abnormality is associated with @entity1 and poor outcomes. Although it indicates mild @entity5 , pattern 1 MRA abnormality is nevertheless associated with @entity3 and needs proper intervention.

title: Magnetic resonance angiography manifestations and prognostic significance in HIV-negative XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: SETTING: @entity1 ( @entity1 ), or @entity4 , an extra-pulmonary form of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), is rare and difficult to diagnose in @entity0 . Some cases of severe @entity1 in @entity0 were recently explained by @entity3 affecting the interleukin-12/ @entity2 (IL-12/ @entity2 ) axis. OBJECTIVE: To analyse clinical data on Moroccan @entity0 with @entity1 , and to perform immunological and genetic explorations of the IL-12/ @entity2 axis. DESIGN: We studied nine @entity0 with @entity1 diagnosed between 2012 and 2014. We investigated the IL-12/ @entity2 circuit by both whole-blood assays and sequencing of the coding regions of 14 core genes of this pathway. RESULTS: A diagnosis of @entity1 was based on a combination of clinical, biological, histological and radiological data. QuantiFERON(  )- @entity1 Gold In-Tube results were positive in 75% of @entity0 . Whole-blood assays showed normal IL-12 and @entity2 production in all but one @entity0 , who displayed impaired decreased response to IL-12. No candidate disease-causing mutations were detected in the exonic regions of the 14 genes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 diagnosis in @entity0 remains challenging, and is based largely on imaging. Further investigations of @entity1 in @entity0 are required to determine the role of genetic defects in pathways that may or may not be related to the IL-12/ @entity2 axis.

title: XXXX in Moroccan @entity0 : clinical features and investigation of the interleukin-12/interferon-y pathway.

answer: @entity4


abstract: SETTING: @entity1 ( @entity1 ), or @entity4 , an extra-pulmonary form of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), is rare and difficult to diagnose in @entity0 . Some cases of severe @entity1 in @entity0 were recently explained by @entity3 affecting the interleukin-12/ @entity2 (IL-12/ @entity2 ) axis. OBJECTIVE: To analyse clinical data on Moroccan @entity0 with @entity1 , and to perform immunological and genetic explorations of the IL-12/ @entity2 axis. DESIGN: We studied nine @entity0 with @entity1 diagnosed between 2012 and 2014. We investigated the IL-12/ @entity2 circuit by both whole-blood assays and sequencing of the coding regions of 14 core genes of this pathway. RESULTS: A diagnosis of @entity1 was based on a combination of clinical, biological, histological and radiological data. QuantiFERON(  )- @entity1 Gold In-Tube results were positive in 75% of @entity0 . Whole-blood assays showed normal IL-12 and @entity2 production in all but one @entity0 , who displayed impaired decreased response to IL-12. No candidate disease-causing mutations were detected in the exonic regions of the 14 genes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 diagnosis in @entity0 remains challenging, and is based largely on imaging. Further investigations of @entity1 in @entity0 are required to determine the role of genetic defects in pathways that may or may not be related to the IL-12/ @entity2 axis.

title: @entity4 in Moroccan XXXX : clinical features and investigation of the interleukin-12/interferon-y pathway.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Obesity defined by body mass index (BMI) significantly increases the risk of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In contrast, not only @entity2 but also underweight is associated with poor prognosis in @entity0 with @entity3 . Differences in body composition rather than BMI were suggested to be true determinants of prognosis. However, this hypothesis has not been demonstrated conclusively. METHODS: We measured skeletal muscle index (SMI), mean muscle attenuation (MA), visceral adipose tissue index, subcutaneous adipose tissue index, and visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratios ( @entity5 ) via computed tomography in a large-scale retrospective cohort of 1257 @entity0 with different stages of @entity3 , and comprehensively analyzed the impact of body composition on the prognoses. RESULTS: Among five body composition components, low SMI (called @entity4 ), low MA (called intramuscular fat [IMF] deposition), and high @entity5 (called @entity5 ) were significantly associated with mortality, independently of @entity1 stage or @entity0 -Pugh class. A multivariate analysis revealed that @entity4 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-1.96; p=0.001), IMF deposition (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05-1.71; p=0.020), and @entity5 (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.09-1.66; p=0.005) but not BMI were significant predictors of survival. The prevalence of poor prognostic body composition components was significantly higher in underweight and @entity2 @entity0 than in normal weight @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 , IMF deposition, and @entity5 independently predict mortality in @entity0 with @entity3 . Body composition rather than BMI is a major determinant of prognosis in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: @entity4 , intramuscular fat deposition, and XXXX independently predict the outcomes of @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Obesity defined by body mass index (BMI) significantly increases the risk of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In contrast, not only @entity2 but also underweight is associated with poor prognosis in @entity0 with @entity3 . Differences in body composition rather than BMI were suggested to be true determinants of prognosis. However, this hypothesis has not been demonstrated conclusively. METHODS: We measured skeletal muscle index (SMI), mean muscle attenuation (MA), visceral adipose tissue index, subcutaneous adipose tissue index, and visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratios ( @entity5 ) via computed tomography in a large-scale retrospective cohort of 1257 @entity0 with different stages of @entity3 , and comprehensively analyzed the impact of body composition on the prognoses. RESULTS: Among five body composition components, low SMI (called @entity4 ), low MA (called intramuscular fat [IMF] deposition), and high @entity5 (called @entity5 ) were significantly associated with mortality, independently of @entity1 stage or @entity0 -Pugh class. A multivariate analysis revealed that @entity4 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-1.96; p=0.001), IMF deposition (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05-1.71; p=0.020), and @entity5 (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.09-1.66; p=0.005) but not BMI were significant predictors of survival. The prevalence of poor prognostic body composition components was significantly higher in underweight and @entity2 @entity0 than in normal weight @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 , IMF deposition, and @entity5 independently predict mortality in @entity0 with @entity3 . Body composition rather than BMI is a major determinant of prognosis in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: XXXX , intramuscular fat deposition, and @entity5 independently predict the outcomes of @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Obesity defined by body mass index (BMI) significantly increases the risk of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In contrast, not only @entity2 but also underweight is associated with poor prognosis in @entity0 with @entity3 . Differences in body composition rather than BMI were suggested to be true determinants of prognosis. However, this hypothesis has not been demonstrated conclusively. METHODS: We measured skeletal muscle index (SMI), mean muscle attenuation (MA), visceral adipose tissue index, subcutaneous adipose tissue index, and visceral to subcutaneous adipose tissue area ratios ( @entity5 ) via computed tomography in a large-scale retrospective cohort of 1257 @entity0 with different stages of @entity3 , and comprehensively analyzed the impact of body composition on the prognoses. RESULTS: Among five body composition components, low SMI (called @entity4 ), low MA (called intramuscular fat [IMF] deposition), and high @entity5 (called @entity5 ) were significantly associated with mortality, independently of @entity1 stage or @entity0 -Pugh class. A multivariate analysis revealed that @entity4 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-1.96; p=0.001), IMF deposition (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.05-1.71; p=0.020), and @entity5 (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.09-1.66; p=0.005) but not BMI were significant predictors of survival. The prevalence of poor prognostic body composition components was significantly higher in underweight and @entity2 @entity0 than in normal weight @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 , IMF deposition, and @entity5 independently predict mortality in @entity0 with @entity3 . Body composition rather than BMI is a major determinant of prognosis in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: @entity4 , intramuscular fat deposition, and @entity5 independently predict the outcomes of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Abstract Conclusion: The depth of hypopharyngeal superficial @entity2 may predict vessel infiltration and potential risk of cervical lymph node @entity1 . Objectives: To elucidate the histopathological predictors of vessel infiltration and the risk of regional lymph node @entity1 in hypopharyngeal superficial @entity2 . Methods: This study included 31 lesions from 30 @entity0 who had undergone transoral en bloc resection in the hospital. @entity0 with @entity3 or muscular invasion were excluded. @entity0 characteristics, nodal status, state of vessel infiltration, state of perineural invasion, histopathological parameters, and post-operative cervical lymph node recurrence were retrospectively examined. The histopathological parameters measured were @entity2 diameter and the following three parameters: @entity2 thickness, depth from the mucosal surface, and depth from the basement membrane. Correlations between histopathological parameters and state of vessel infiltration were statistically analyzed. Results: Of the 31 lesions examined, four had vessel infiltration. Three of the four lesions with vessel infiltration had regional lymph node @entity1 as well as subsequent lymph node @entity1 . Lesions with vessel infiltration were significantly deeper than those without. In contrast, there was no significant difference in lesion diameters. In addition, there was no correlation between the depth and the diameter of the lesion.

title: The potential risk of vessel infiltration and cervical lymph node XXXX in hypopharyngeal superficial squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective observational study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, @entity1 perception and health-related quality of life (QoL) of percutaneous @entity3 injection treatment (PEIT) as an alternative to thyroid surgery in symptomatic @entity4 . METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity0 (46        10  years; 82  % @entity0 ) with symptomatic benign @entity4 relapsed after drainage were included. In all cases, cytology prior to treatment, maximum cyst diameter and volume were determined. PEIT was conducted using the established procedure, and the volume of fluid removed and @entity1 perceived by the @entity0 were assessed. In each procedure, the volume of @entity2 instilled was   <2  ml. After follow-up, final cyst diameter and volume were determined and the persistence of symptoms and QoL were assessed by a questionnaire (SF-36). RESULTS: Mean symptom duration was 10        20  months. A single session of PEIT was required to complete the procedure in 45  % of @entity0 , two in 31  % and three in 13  %. Mean initial maximum cyst diameter was 3.5        1.0  cm and mean extracted liquid volume 61        36  ml. During PEIT, 39  % of @entity0 experienced virtually no @entity1 , 43  % mild @entity1 and 17  % moderate @entity1 . No complications of PEIT were observed. After 12.1        1.4  months of follow-up, cysts were reduced more than 70  % in volume in 86.3  % of @entity0 , more than 80  % in 61.9  % and more than 90  % in 42  %. On the health-related QoL SF-36 questionnaire, @entity0 scores 6  months post-PEIT did not differ significantly from those of the healthy Spanish population. With respect to cosmetic complaints or local symptoms of compression, PEIT-treated @entity0 presented an initial score of 22        8 and 13        5 after treatment (p   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, percutaneous @entity3 injection has prove to be an effective, safe and well-tolerated first-line treatment of symptomatic @entity4 .

title: Evaluation of efficacy, safety, @entity1 perception and health-related quality of life of percutaneous @entity3 injection as first-line treatment in symptomatic XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, @entity1 perception and health-related quality of life (QoL) of percutaneous @entity3 injection treatment (PEIT) as an alternative to thyroid surgery in symptomatic @entity4 . METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity0 (46        10  years; 82  % @entity0 ) with symptomatic benign @entity4 relapsed after drainage were included. In all cases, cytology prior to treatment, maximum cyst diameter and volume were determined. PEIT was conducted using the established procedure, and the volume of fluid removed and @entity1 perceived by the @entity0 were assessed. In each procedure, the volume of @entity2 instilled was   <2  ml. After follow-up, final cyst diameter and volume were determined and the persistence of symptoms and QoL were assessed by a questionnaire (SF-36). RESULTS: Mean symptom duration was 10        20  months. A single session of PEIT was required to complete the procedure in 45  % of @entity0 , two in 31  % and three in 13  %. Mean initial maximum cyst diameter was 3.5        1.0  cm and mean extracted liquid volume 61        36  ml. During PEIT, 39  % of @entity0 experienced virtually no @entity1 , 43  % mild @entity1 and 17  % moderate @entity1 . No complications of PEIT were observed. After 12.1        1.4  months of follow-up, cysts were reduced more than 70  % in volume in 86.3  % of @entity0 , more than 80  % in 61.9  % and more than 90  % in 42  %. On the health-related QoL SF-36 questionnaire, @entity0 scores 6  months post-PEIT did not differ significantly from those of the healthy Spanish population. With respect to cosmetic complaints or local symptoms of compression, PEIT-treated @entity0 presented an initial score of 22        8 and 13        5 after treatment (p   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, percutaneous @entity3 injection has prove to be an effective, safe and well-tolerated first-line treatment of symptomatic @entity4 .

title: Evaluation of efficacy, safety, XXXX perception and health-related quality of life of percutaneous @entity3 injection as first-line treatment in symptomatic @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, @entity1 perception and health-related quality of life (QoL) of percutaneous @entity3 injection treatment (PEIT) as an alternative to thyroid surgery in symptomatic @entity4 . METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity0 (46        10  years; 82  % @entity0 ) with symptomatic benign @entity4 relapsed after drainage were included. In all cases, cytology prior to treatment, maximum cyst diameter and volume were determined. PEIT was conducted using the established procedure, and the volume of fluid removed and @entity1 perceived by the @entity0 were assessed. In each procedure, the volume of @entity2 instilled was   <2  ml. After follow-up, final cyst diameter and volume were determined and the persistence of symptoms and QoL were assessed by a questionnaire (SF-36). RESULTS: Mean symptom duration was 10        20  months. A single session of PEIT was required to complete the procedure in 45  % of @entity0 , two in 31  % and three in 13  %. Mean initial maximum cyst diameter was 3.5        1.0  cm and mean extracted liquid volume 61        36  ml. During PEIT, 39  % of @entity0 experienced virtually no @entity1 , 43  % mild @entity1 and 17  % moderate @entity1 . No complications of PEIT were observed. After 12.1        1.4  months of follow-up, cysts were reduced more than 70  % in volume in 86.3  % of @entity0 , more than 80  % in 61.9  % and more than 90  % in 42  %. On the health-related QoL SF-36 questionnaire, @entity0 scores 6  months post-PEIT did not differ significantly from those of the healthy Spanish population. With respect to cosmetic complaints or local symptoms of compression, PEIT-treated @entity0 presented an initial score of 22        8 and 13        5 after treatment (p   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In our experience, percutaneous @entity3 injection has prove to be an effective, safe and well-tolerated first-line treatment of symptomatic @entity4 .

title: Evaluation of efficacy, safety, @entity1 perception and health-related quality of life of percutaneous XXXX injection as first-line treatment in symptomatic @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. The study investigated if intraoperative use of @entity3 wafers, particularly in combination with Stupp regimen, is a viable and safe first-line treatment option of @entity2 . Methods. Eighty-three consecutive adult @entity0 (50 @entity0 ; mean age 60 years) with newly diagnosed supratentorial @entity2 that underwent surgical resection with intraoperative @entity3 wafers implantation (n = 7.1    1.7) were retrospectively studied. Results. The median overall survival (OS) was 15.8 months with 56 @entity0 dying over the course of the study. There was no significant association between the number of implanted @entity3 wafers and complication rates (four surgical site infections, one @entity1 ). The OS was significantly longer in Stupp regimen @entity0 (19.5 months) as compared with @entity0 with other postoperative treatments (13 months; p = 0.002). In addition @entity0 with eight or more implanted @entity3 wafers survived longer (24.5 months) than @entity0 with seven or less implanted wafers (13 months; p = 0.021). Finally, regardless of the number of @entity3 wafers, median OS was significantly longer in @entity0 with a subtotal or total resection (21.5 months) than in @entity0 with a partial resection (13 months; p = 0.011). Conclusions. The intraoperative use of @entity3 wafers in combination with Stupp regimen is a viable first-line treatment option of @entity2 . The prognostic value of this treatment association should be evaluated in a multicenter trial, ideally in a randomized and placebo-controlled one.

title: Combining intraoperative XXXX wafers and Stupp regimen in multimodal first-line treatment of @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background. The study investigated if intraoperative use of @entity3 wafers, particularly in combination with Stupp regimen, is a viable and safe first-line treatment option of @entity2 . Methods. Eighty-three consecutive adult @entity0 (50 @entity0 ; mean age 60 years) with newly diagnosed supratentorial @entity2 that underwent surgical resection with intraoperative @entity3 wafers implantation (n = 7.1    1.7) were retrospectively studied. Results. The median overall survival (OS) was 15.8 months with 56 @entity0 dying over the course of the study. There was no significant association between the number of implanted @entity3 wafers and complication rates (four surgical site infections, one @entity1 ). The OS was significantly longer in Stupp regimen @entity0 (19.5 months) as compared with @entity0 with other postoperative treatments (13 months; p = 0.002). In addition @entity0 with eight or more implanted @entity3 wafers survived longer (24.5 months) than @entity0 with seven or less implanted wafers (13 months; p = 0.021). Finally, regardless of the number of @entity3 wafers, median OS was significantly longer in @entity0 with a subtotal or total resection (21.5 months) than in @entity0 with a partial resection (13 months; p = 0.011). Conclusions. The intraoperative use of @entity3 wafers in combination with Stupp regimen is a viable first-line treatment option of @entity2 . The prognostic value of this treatment association should be evaluated in a multicenter trial, ideally in a randomized and placebo-controlled one.

title: Combining intraoperative @entity3 wafers and Stupp regimen in multimodal first-line treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 is probably the most important arthropod-borne @entity5 worldwide. The World Health Organization estimates an incidence of 100 million cases per year. @entity4 is of clinical importance mainly in tropical and subtropical zones, but the increasing number of travellers visiting these endemic areas means that physicians in temperate zones will meet this @entity1 more frequently. To estimate the frequency of @entity4 in Switzerland, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of @entity0 in whom clinicians wished to rule out a case of @entity2 on the assumption that some of these @entity0 may have been exposed to @entity3 while travelling in tropical and subtropical areas. @entity4 was diagnosed by serology on contemporary stored serum samples with a commercially available assay that has been evaluated before. During the study period (1.1.93 to 1.7.94) a @entity2 diagnosis was requested by the physicians in our center in 87 cases and @entity2 was diagnosed in 10 (11.5%). In 38 of these 87 cases a stored serum sample was available for dengue serology. All of these @entity0 had visited an area where not only @entity2 but @entity3 was endemic. In 7 of these 38 cases (18%) @entity2 was diagnosed. In 3 @entity0 (8%) the dengue serology (IgM and IgG) was indicative of @entity4 . All 3 cases had clinical findings compatible with the disease. In 4 more patients (10%) anti-dengue IgG antibodies were found. All of these 4 @entity0 had previous exposure to @entity3 but no acute clinical illness.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Imported XXXX in Switzerland--serological evidence for a hitherto unexpectedly high prevalence].

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: We aimed to evaluate the survival benefit achieved with radiofrequency (RF) ablation of primary and metastatic @entity1 and determine significant prognostic factors for recurrence-free survival. METHODS: Forty-nine @entity0 with @entity1 (10 primary and 39 metastatic) underwent computed tomography-guided percutaneous RF ablation between June 2005 and October 2013. A total of 112 @entity2 (101 metastatic and 11 primary @entity4 ) were treated with RF ablation. @entity2 diameter ranged from 0.6 to 4 cm (median 1.5 cm). Effectiveness of treatment, complications, and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: Primary success rate was 79.5% and local @entity2 progression occurred in 23 @entity2 . Among @entity2 showing progression, 10 were re-treated with RF ablation and secondary success rate was 87.5%. One-, two-, and three-year overall survival rates of 10 @entity0 with primary @entity1 were 100%, 86%, and 43%, respectively. One-, two-, three-, four-, and five-year overall survival rates for 39 @entity0 with metastatic @entity1 were 90%, 73%, 59%, 55%, and 38%, respectively. One-, two-, three-, and four-year overall survival rates for 16 @entity0 with @entity3 were 94%, 80%, 68%, and 23%, respectively. Complications occurred in 30 sessions (24.6%). Pneumothorax occurred in 19 sessions with seven requiring image-guided percutaneous chest tube drainage. @entity2 status (solitary or multiple) and presence of extrapulmonary metastasis at initial RF ablation were significant prognostic factors in terms of recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSION: RF ablation is a safe and effective treatment with a survival benefit for selected @entity0 with primary and @entity1 .

title: Radiofrequency ablation for XXXX : outcomes, effects on survival, and prognostic factors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge of @entity1 in the southern part of Hungary among parents, teachers, medical doctors and dentists. A cross-sectional study was performed among the mentioned groups, with a structured questionnaire aire--questionnaire. The @entity0 consisted of 275 @entity0 , most of them were parents (185), the other groups were smaller (30-30). The 73.62% of parents recognised that the maxillary incisor of a 9-year-old @entity0 is probably a permanent tooth. In case of the coronal fracture of this tooth 65.03% responded correctly. The correct response rate for the management of an @entity2 was only 39.26%, but in case of @entity3 92.64% would act correctly. The Chi-square test indicated that there was a significant association between the correct recognition of the type of the incisor and the higher education (p < 0.01), and the number of seen TDIs. The 76.7% of the parents was not satisfied with his knowledge about TDLs, and 74.9% was interested in more information. In our study the parents performed generally better compared to other studies, but compared to the other three groups their results were worse. The knowledge of the teachers and the doctors was almost equivalent. The dentist had the best results. The level of the knowledge of @entity1 was inadequate among parents, but the teachers and doctors should improve their knowledge too. We suggest that it's necessary to start educational campaigns among groups that could be the primary caregivers of traumatic @entity4 .

title: [Study of XXXX knowledge in two South-Hungarian cities].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nocturnal enuresis is the most common pediatric urologic problem in outpatient clinics. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of various monotherapies, and comparing the effects of @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity3 in @entity0 with enuresis, as well as the influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors of their families on the response and relapse rates. @entity0 AND METHODS: The study was a randomized clinical trial conducted on 92 @entity0 aged 5 - 14 years, referred to the pediatric clinic of Semnan University Hospital in Semnan, Iran. @entity0 with primary nocturnal enuresis were randomly allocated to three different treatment groups: @entity2 (n = 30), @entity1 (n = 31), and @entity3 (n = 31) all for 6 weeks. The socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of all @entity0 were recorded. The number of wet nights per week was noted at the end of the 6-week-trial, and @entity0 were followed up to three months for relapse. RESULTS: @entity0 in the @entity3 group showed a slightly higher response rate (71.0% success) and a lower relapse rate (31.8%), while in the @entity2 group the response and relapse rates were 63.3% and 57.9%, respectively, and in the @entity1 group 61.3% and 63.2%, respectively. However, the difference between the 3 groups in terms of response (P = 0.701) and relapse rates (P = 0.095) was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant difference between monotherapy with @entity2 , @entity1 or @entity3 in @entity0 with enuresis. However, @entity3 showed a higher response rate and a lower relapse rate compared to other medications. More clinical trials with a larger sample size are needed to clarify these uncertainties.

title: XXXX , @entity1 , and @entity3 in the Treatment of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nocturnal enuresis is the most common pediatric urologic problem in outpatient clinics. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of various monotherapies, and comparing the effects of @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity3 in @entity0 with enuresis, as well as the influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors of their families on the response and relapse rates. @entity0 AND METHODS: The study was a randomized clinical trial conducted on 92 @entity0 aged 5 - 14 years, referred to the pediatric clinic of Semnan University Hospital in Semnan, Iran. @entity0 with primary nocturnal enuresis were randomly allocated to three different treatment groups: @entity2 (n = 30), @entity1 (n = 31), and @entity3 (n = 31) all for 6 weeks. The socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of all @entity0 were recorded. The number of wet nights per week was noted at the end of the 6-week-trial, and @entity0 were followed up to three months for relapse. RESULTS: @entity0 in the @entity3 group showed a slightly higher response rate (71.0% success) and a lower relapse rate (31.8%), while in the @entity2 group the response and relapse rates were 63.3% and 57.9%, respectively, and in the @entity1 group 61.3% and 63.2%, respectively. However, the difference between the 3 groups in terms of response (P = 0.701) and relapse rates (P = 0.095) was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant difference between monotherapy with @entity2 , @entity1 or @entity3 in @entity0 with enuresis. However, @entity3 showed a higher response rate and a lower relapse rate compared to other medications. More clinical trials with a larger sample size are needed to clarify these uncertainties.

title: @entity2 , @entity1 , and XXXX in the Treatment of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nocturnal enuresis is the most common pediatric urologic problem in outpatient clinics. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effect of various monotherapies, and comparing the effects of @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity3 in @entity0 with enuresis, as well as the influence of socioeconomic and cultural factors of their families on the response and relapse rates. @entity0 AND METHODS: The study was a randomized clinical trial conducted on 92 @entity0 aged 5 - 14 years, referred to the pediatric clinic of Semnan University Hospital in Semnan, Iran. @entity0 with primary nocturnal enuresis were randomly allocated to three different treatment groups: @entity2 (n = 30), @entity1 (n = 31), and @entity3 (n = 31) all for 6 weeks. The socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of all @entity0 were recorded. The number of wet nights per week was noted at the end of the 6-week-trial, and @entity0 were followed up to three months for relapse. RESULTS: @entity0 in the @entity3 group showed a slightly higher response rate (71.0% success) and a lower relapse rate (31.8%), while in the @entity2 group the response and relapse rates were 63.3% and 57.9%, respectively, and in the @entity1 group 61.3% and 63.2%, respectively. However, the difference between the 3 groups in terms of response (P = 0.701) and relapse rates (P = 0.095) was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: There is no significant difference between monotherapy with @entity2 , @entity1 or @entity3 in @entity0 with enuresis. However, @entity3 showed a higher response rate and a lower relapse rate compared to other medications. More clinical trials with a larger sample size are needed to clarify these uncertainties.

title: @entity2 , XXXX , and @entity3 in the Treatment of Primary Nocturnal Enuresis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous @entity6 without any pathological condition is very rare. We described a @entity0 with spontaneous @entity6 probably arising from the relatively enlarged air-filling sphenoid sinus. CASE PRESENTATION: A 51-year-old @entity0 admitted Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad, Iran with a sudden onset of severe @entity1 and @entity3 without any @entity2 . Brain computed tomography (CT) scan was performed to role out any pathology in the brain. Brain CT revealed large ethmoidal and sphenoid sinuses and disseminated @entity5 . A Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) examination was performed to rule out @entity4 . Further evaluation confirmed a small defect in the sphenoid sinus. She has no recurrent @entity1 or other symptoms after about six-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: An extremely rare condition, a spontaneous @entity5 with skull base defect origin could be considered as a possible diagnosis in @entity0 with sudden and severe @entity1 . We can safely conclude that medical treatment and close follow-up is an effective mode of therapy in this @entity0 .

title: Spontaneous Nontraumatic XXXX : A Case Report.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Laboratory somatic cell count (LSCC) records are usually recorded monthly and provide an important information source for breeding and herd management. Daily milk viscosity detection in composite milking (expressed as drain time) with an automated on-line California @entity3 Test (CMT) could serve immediately as an early predictor of @entity0 and might be used as a selection criterion to improve udder health. The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between the well-established LSCS and the new trait,'drain time', and to estimate their correlations to important production traits. Data were recorded on the dairy research farm Karkendamm in Germany. Viscosity sensors were installed on every fourth milking stall in the rotary parlour to measure daily drain time records. Weekly LSCC and milk composition data were available. Two data sets were created containing records of 187  692 milkings from 320 @entity1 (D1) and 25  887 drain time records from 311 @entity1 (D2). Different fixed effect models, describing the log-transformed drain time (logDT), were fitted to achieve applicable models for further analysis. Lactation curves were modelled with standard parametric functions (Ali and Schaeffer, Legendre polynomials of second and third degree) of days in milk (DIM). Random regression models were further applied to estimate the correlations between @entity1 effects between logDT and LSCS with further important production traits. LogDT and LSCS were strongest correlated in mid-lactation (r  =  0  78). Correlations between logDT and production traits were low to medium. Highest correlations were reached in late lactation between logDT and milk yield (r  =  -0  31), between logDT and protein content (r  =  0  30) and in early as well as in late lactation between logDT and @entity2 content (r  =  -0  28). The results of the present study show that the drain time could be used as a new trait for daily @entity3 control.

title: Evaluation of different lactation curve models fitted for milk viscosity recorded by an automated on-line California XXXX Test.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We systematically reviewed the effectiveness and safety of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with insulin analogs compared with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in pregnant @entity0 with @entity1 . We searched Medline  , Embase  , and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through May 2013. Studies comparing CSII with @entity3 in pregnant @entity0 with @entity1 were included. Studies using regular insulin CSII were excluded. We conducted meta-analyses where there were two or more comparable studies based on the @entity2 of insulin used in the @entity3 arm. Seven cohort studies of pregnant @entity0 with @entity2 1 @entity1 reported improvement in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in both groups. Meta-analysis showed no difference in maternal and fetal outcomes for CSII versus @entity3 . Results were similar when CSII was compared with @entity3 with insulin analogs or regular insulin. Studies had moderate to high risk bias with incomplete descriptions of study methodology, populations, treatments, follow up, and outcomes. We conclude that observational studies reported similar improvements in HbA1c with CSII and @entity3 during pregnancy, but evidence was insufficient to rule out possible important differences between CSII and @entity3 for maternal and fetal outcomes. This highlights the need for future studies to examine the effectiveness and safety of CSII with insulin analogs and @entity3 in pregnant @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Comparative Effectiveness of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Using Insulin Analogs and Multiple Daily Injections in Pregnant @entity0 with XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We systematically reviewed the effectiveness and safety of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) with insulin analogs compared with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in pregnant @entity0 with @entity1 . We searched Medline  , Embase  , and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through May 2013. Studies comparing CSII with @entity3 in pregnant @entity0 with @entity1 were included. Studies using regular insulin CSII were excluded. We conducted meta-analyses where there were two or more comparable studies based on the @entity2 of insulin used in the @entity3 arm. Seven cohort studies of pregnant @entity0 with @entity2 1 @entity1 reported improvement in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in both groups. Meta-analysis showed no difference in maternal and fetal outcomes for CSII versus @entity3 . Results were similar when CSII was compared with @entity3 with insulin analogs or regular insulin. Studies had moderate to high risk bias with incomplete descriptions of study methodology, populations, treatments, follow up, and outcomes. We conclude that observational studies reported similar improvements in HbA1c with CSII and @entity3 during pregnancy, but evidence was insufficient to rule out possible important differences between CSII and @entity3 for maternal and fetal outcomes. This highlights the need for future studies to examine the effectiveness and safety of CSII with insulin analogs and @entity3 in pregnant @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Comparative Effectiveness of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion Using Insulin Analogs and Multiple Daily Injections in Pregnant XXXX with @entity1 : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accumulating evidence indicates direct relationships between @entity0 and the severity and prevalence of other symptom clusters in @entity2 . Assessment of potential state-dependent alterations in @entity0 and arousal relative to antipsychotic-like activity is critical for the development of novel antipsychotic drugs (APDs). Recently, we reported that @entity11 , a selective positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the M4 muscarinic @entity3 receptor (mAChR), exhibits robust APD-like and cognitive enhancing activity in rodents. However, the state-dependent effects of @entity11 on @entity0 and arousal have not been examined. Using polysomnography and quantitative electroencephalographic recordings from subcranial electrodes in @entity1 , we evaluated the effects of @entity11 , in comparison with the atypical APD @entity4 and the M1/M4-preferring mAChR agonist @entity10 . @entity11 induced state-dependent alterations in @entity0 and arousal including delayed Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep onset, increased cumulative duration of total and Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep, and increased arousal during waking periods. @entity4 decreased arousal during wake, increased cumulative NREM, and @entity9 . In contrast, xanomeline increased time awake and arousal during wake, but reduced slow wave activity during NREM sleep. Additionally, in combination with the @entity8 subtype of @entity6 receptor (NMDAR) antagonist @entity7 , modeling @entity5 thought to underlie many symptoms in @entity2 , both @entity11 and @entity4 attenuated @entity7 -induced elevations in high frequency gamma power consistent with an APD-like mechanism of action. These findings suggest that selective M4 PAMs may represent a novel mechanism for treating multiple symptoms of @entity2 , including disruptions in @entity0 without a sedative profile.

title: State-dependent alterations in sleep/wake architecture elicited by the M4 PAM XXXX - Relation to antipsychotic-like drug effects.

answer: @entity11


abstract: As @entity1 rates increase, so too do the risks of @entity3 2 @entity0 , @entity2 , and numerous other detrimental conditions. The prevalence of @entity1 in U.S. adults more than doubled between 1980 and 2010, from 15.0 to 36.1%. Although this trend may be leveling off, @entity1 and its individual, societal, and economic costs remain of grave concern. In June 2014, a @entity0 Care Editors' Expert Forum convened to review the state of @entity1 research and discuss the latest prevention initiatives and behavioral, medical, and surgical therapies. This article, an outgrowth of the forum, offers an expansive view of the @entity1 epidemic, beginning with a discussion of its root causes. Recent insights into the genetic and physiological factors that influence body weight are reviewed, as are the pathophysiology of @entity1 -related @entity4 and the concept of metabolically healthy @entity1 . The authors address the crucial question of how much @entity5 is necessary to yield meaningful benefits. They describe the challenges of behavioral modification and predictors of its success. The effects of @entity0 pharmacotherapies on body weight are reviewed, including potential weight-neutral combination therapies. The authors also summarize the evidence for safety and efficacy of pharmacotherapeutic and surgical @entity1 treatments. The article concludes with an impassioned call for researchers, clinicians, governmental agencies, health policymakers, and health-related industries to collectively embrace the urgent mandate to improve prevention and treatment and for society at large to acknowledge and manage @entity1 as a serious disease.

title: Advances in the Science, Treatment, and Prevention of the Disease of Obesity: Reflections From a XXXX Care Editors' Expert Forum.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: @entity5 (SD) is a classic antibiotic for @entity1 . Due to the medical market policy, SD has not been chosen as an essential drug in all the hospitals in China. However, its therapeutic effect is definite and cannot be substituted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic and economic value of SD compared to other popular antibiotics in @entity0 with @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective single-center study was performed from January 2011 until December 2012. Thirteen @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 were treated with SD. The clinical effects were reviewed. RESULTS: Treatment was successful for 12 of the @entity0 (cure rate=92.3%). One @entity0 died of @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity3 . Only one @entity0 was allergic to SD, and there were no drug-related liver or kidney side effects. CONCLUSION: SD is a safe, effective, and economical antibiotic, and is used by our neurosurgical department. It should be offered as an option for the @entity0 with @entity1 , especially for @entity0 with lower ability to pay.

title: The Role of XXXX for the Treatment of @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIM: @entity5 (SD) is a classic antibiotic for @entity1 . Due to the medical market policy, SD has not been chosen as an essential drug in all the hospitals in China. However, its therapeutic effect is definite and cannot be substituted. The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic and economic value of SD compared to other popular antibiotics in @entity0 with @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective single-center study was performed from January 2011 until December 2012. Thirteen @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 were treated with SD. The clinical effects were reviewed. RESULTS: Treatment was successful for 12 of the @entity0 (cure rate=92.3%). One @entity0 died of @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity3 . Only one @entity0 was allergic to SD, and there were no drug-related liver or kidney side effects. CONCLUSION: SD is a safe, effective, and economical antibiotic, and is used by our neurosurgical department. It should be offered as an option for the @entity0 with @entity1 , especially for @entity0 with lower ability to pay.

title: The Role of @entity5 for the Treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: To evaluate the lung function and clinical outcome in severe @entity3 in @entity0 undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting with left internal thoracic artery graft, comparing the pleural drain insertion in the intercostal versus subxyphoid region. Methods: A randomized controlled trial. @entity3 @entity0 were randomized into two groups according pleural drain site: II group (n=27) - pleural drain in intercostal space; SI group (n=29) - pleural drain in the subxyphoid region. Spirometry values (Forced Vital Capacity - and Forced expiratory volume in 1 second) were obtained on preoperative and 1, 3 and 5 postoperative days. Chest x-ray from preoperative until postoperative day 5 (POD5) was performed for monitoring respiratory events, such as @entity2 and @entity4 . Pulmonary shunt fraction and @entity1 score was evaluate preoperatively and on postoperative day 1. Results: In both groups there was a significant decrease of the spirometry values (Forced Vital Capacity and Forced expiratory volume in 1 second) until POD5 (P<0.05). However, when compared, SI group presented less decrease in these parameters (P<0.05). Pulmonary shunt fraction was significantly lower in SI group (P<0.05). Respiratory events, @entity1 score, orotracheal intubation time and postoperative length of hospital stay were lower in the SI group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Subxyphoid pleural drainage in severe @entity3 @entity0 determined better preservation and recovery of pulmonary capacity and volumes with lower pulmonary shunt fraction and better clinical outcomes on early postoperative off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

title: Pleural subxyphoid drain confers better pulmonary function and clinical outcomes in XXXX after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is one of the most troublesome conditions associated with @entity3 . CSF fistulae, @entity7 , or even @entity2 may accompany it. Few studies have discussed post-traumatic @entity8 as a risk factor in mortality following @entity3 . We conducted this cohort study to examine the issue. METHODS: We reviewed the records in the Taiwan @entity1 ( @entity1 ) Registry System between 1993 and 2008. The study group included @entity0 with acute @entity1 and post-traumatic @entity8 , and the control group included cases with @entity1 but without @entity8 , selected randomly at a 5:1 ratio with respect to the study group. The demographic data, Glasgow @entity4 Scale, brain computerized tomography, association of skull fractures and @entity5 , and 1-year mortality rates between these two cohorts were reviewed meticulously and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Of 174,236 cases, 1773 with post-traumatic @entity8 were included in the study group, and 8865 cases in the control group. Of the total 10,638 sampled cases, 406 (3.8%) died during the 1-year follow-up period, 159 (9.0%) cases in the CSF leakages group, and 247 (2.8%) in the control group. The @entity0 with @entity8 had a significantly higher mortality rate within 1 year (adjusted hazard ratio  =  1.44, p  <  0.001) than those without. We divided the @entity8 group into three subgroups: @entity6 (n  =  568), @entity9 (n  =  302), and tension @entity10 (n  =  903). The mortality rates were 8.5% (48/568) in the @entity6 subgroup, 10.9% (33/302) in the @entity9 subgroup, and 8.6% (78/903) in the tension @entity10 subgroup. The cases with @entity9 had a significantly higher mortality rate than the other two subgroups (p  <  0.05). All three subgroups had significantly higher mortality rates than the control group during the 1-year follow-up period (adjusted hazard ratios  =  2.29, 1.35, and 1.32 in the @entity9 , tension @entity10 , and @entity6 subgroups, respectively). CONCLUSION: Post-traumatic CSF leakages had higher mortality rates than those without CSF leakages in @entity1 cases, and the cases with @entity9 had worse outcomes compared with CSF leakages with @entity10 or @entity6 .

title: Risk of XXXX in @entity0 with post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage-Analysis of 1773 cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is one of the most troublesome conditions associated with @entity3 . CSF fistulae, @entity7 , or even @entity2 may accompany it. Few studies have discussed post-traumatic @entity8 as a risk factor in mortality following @entity3 . We conducted this cohort study to examine the issue. METHODS: We reviewed the records in the Taiwan @entity1 ( @entity1 ) Registry System between 1993 and 2008. The study group included @entity0 with acute @entity1 and post-traumatic @entity8 , and the control group included cases with @entity1 but without @entity8 , selected randomly at a 5:1 ratio with respect to the study group. The demographic data, Glasgow @entity4 Scale, brain computerized tomography, association of skull fractures and @entity5 , and 1-year mortality rates between these two cohorts were reviewed meticulously and analyzed statistically. RESULTS: Of 174,236 cases, 1773 with post-traumatic @entity8 were included in the study group, and 8865 cases in the control group. Of the total 10,638 sampled cases, 406 (3.8%) died during the 1-year follow-up period, 159 (9.0%) cases in the CSF leakages group, and 247 (2.8%) in the control group. The @entity0 with @entity8 had a significantly higher mortality rate within 1 year (adjusted hazard ratio  =  1.44, p  <  0.001) than those without. We divided the @entity8 group into three subgroups: @entity6 (n  =  568), @entity9 (n  =  302), and tension @entity10 (n  =  903). The mortality rates were 8.5% (48/568) in the @entity6 subgroup, 10.9% (33/302) in the @entity9 subgroup, and 8.6% (78/903) in the tension @entity10 subgroup. The cases with @entity9 had a significantly higher mortality rate than the other two subgroups (p  <  0.05). All three subgroups had significantly higher mortality rates than the control group during the 1-year follow-up period (adjusted hazard ratios  =  2.29, 1.35, and 1.32 in the @entity9 , tension @entity10 , and @entity6 subgroups, respectively). CONCLUSION: Post-traumatic CSF leakages had higher mortality rates than those without CSF leakages in @entity1 cases, and the cases with @entity9 had worse outcomes compared with CSF leakages with @entity10 or @entity6 .

title: Risk of @entity2 in XXXX with post-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leakage-Analysis of 1773 cases.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to assess the difference in fibroglandular volume and background parenchymal enhancement in @entity4 and @entity3 mutation carriers on contrast-enhanced breast MRI (CE-MRI) performed before and immediately after @entity2 ( @entity2 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS. We retrospectively compared fibroglandular volume and background parenchymal enhancement in 55 female @entity4 and @entity3 mutation carriers before and after @entity2 using standard BI-RADS categories and a paired Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U test. A two-sample Wilcoxon test was performed to compare fibroglandular volume and background parenchymal enhancement in @entity1 with and without subsequent @entity0 diagnosis on follow-up. RESULTS. The median time to post- @entity2 CE-MRI was 8 months (range, 1-40 months). There was no difference in fibroglandular volume before and after @entity2 (p = 0.65). The mean background parenchymal enhancement was 2.5 (range, 1-4) before and 1.5 (range, 1-4) after @entity2 (overall range, -2.5 to 1.5; p = 0.0001). @entity0 was detected in nine @entity1 at a median time of 4.8 years (range, 1.8-13.3 years) after @entity2 . For @entity1 who received a diagnosis of @entity0 after @entity2 compared with those who did not, mean background parenchymal enhancement before @entity2 was 3 (range, 2-4) versus 2.5 (range, 1-4; p = 0.001), and mean background parenchymal enhancement after @entity2 was 2.5 (range, 1.5-4) versus 1.5 (range 2-4; p = 0.0018). There was no difference in fibroglandular volume before and after @entity2 . CONCLUSION. In @entity4 and @entity3 mutation carriers, we observed a significant reduction in background parenchymal enhancement on the first CE-MRI after @entity2 and no significant change in fibroglandular volume. Higher background parenchymal enhancement before and after @entity2 was observed in @entity1 who subsequently received a diagnosis of @entity0 . This suggests that background parenchymal enhancement, rather than fibro-glandular volume, may be a more sensitive imaging biomarker of @entity0 risk.

title: Breast MRI Fibroglandular Volume and Parenchymal Enhancement in XXXX and @entity3 Mutation Carriers Before and Immediately After Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to assess the difference in fibroglandular volume and background parenchymal enhancement in @entity4 and @entity3 mutation carriers on contrast-enhanced breast MRI (CE-MRI) performed before and immediately after @entity2 ( @entity2 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS. We retrospectively compared fibroglandular volume and background parenchymal enhancement in 55 female @entity4 and @entity3 mutation carriers before and after @entity2 using standard BI-RADS categories and a paired Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U test. A two-sample Wilcoxon test was performed to compare fibroglandular volume and background parenchymal enhancement in @entity1 with and without subsequent @entity0 diagnosis on follow-up. RESULTS. The median time to post- @entity2 CE-MRI was 8 months (range, 1-40 months). There was no difference in fibroglandular volume before and after @entity2 (p = 0.65). The mean background parenchymal enhancement was 2.5 (range, 1-4) before and 1.5 (range, 1-4) after @entity2 (overall range, -2.5 to 1.5; p = 0.0001). @entity0 was detected in nine @entity1 at a median time of 4.8 years (range, 1.8-13.3 years) after @entity2 . For @entity1 who received a diagnosis of @entity0 after @entity2 compared with those who did not, mean background parenchymal enhancement before @entity2 was 3 (range, 2-4) versus 2.5 (range, 1-4; p = 0.001), and mean background parenchymal enhancement after @entity2 was 2.5 (range, 1.5-4) versus 1.5 (range 2-4; p = 0.0018). There was no difference in fibroglandular volume before and after @entity2 . CONCLUSION. In @entity4 and @entity3 mutation carriers, we observed a significant reduction in background parenchymal enhancement on the first CE-MRI after @entity2 and no significant change in fibroglandular volume. Higher background parenchymal enhancement before and after @entity2 was observed in @entity1 who subsequently received a diagnosis of @entity0 . This suggests that background parenchymal enhancement, rather than fibro-glandular volume, may be a more sensitive imaging biomarker of @entity0 risk.

title: Breast MRI Fibroglandular Volume and Parenchymal Enhancement in @entity4 and XXXX Mutation Carriers Before and Immediately After Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE. In this article, we summarize the progress to date on the use of superparamagnetic @entity7 nanoparticles (SPIONs) as contrast agents for MRI of inflammatory processes. CONCLUSION. Phagocytosis by macrophages of injected SPIONs results in a prolonged shortening of both T2 and T2* leading to hypointensity of macrophage-infiltrated tissues in contrast-enhanced MR images. SPIONs as contrast agents are therefore useful for the in vivo MRI detection of macrophage infiltration, and there is substantial research and clinical interest in the use of SPION-based contrast agents for MRI of @entity4 and @entity2 . This technique has been used to identify active @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity10 and @entity9 ; importantly, the MRI signal intensity of the tissue has been found to return to its unenhanced value on successful treatment of the @entity4 . In SPION contrast-enhanced MRI of @entity2 , animal studies have shown decreased macrophage uptake in @entity6 after treatment with statin drugs. @entity0 studies have shown that both coronary and carotid plaques that take up SPIONs are more prone to rupture and that @entity5 with @entity3 are more likely to grow. Studies of @entity0 with @entity1 suggest that MRI using SPIONs may have increased sensitivity over @entity8 for plaque detection. Finally, SPIONs have enabled the tracking and imaging of transplanted stem cells in a recipient host.

title: Iron-Based Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Contrast Agents for MRI of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: Obesity is characterized by a low-grade systemic inflammatory state and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) dysfunction, which predispose individuals to the development of @entity8 resistance (IR) and @entity3 . However, a subset of @entity2 individuals, referred to as @entity2 ( @entity2 ) individuals, are protected from @entity2 -associated @entity3 . Here, we aim at identifying molecular factors and pathways in adipocytes that are responsible for the progression from the @entity8 -sensitive to the @entity8 -resistant, @entity2 ( @entity2 ) phenotype. RESULTS: Proteomic analysis of paired samples of adipocytes from subcutaneous (SC) and omental (OM) @entity0 @entity5 revealed that both types of cells are altered in the @entity2 state. Specifically, the @entity6 redox cycle and other antioxidant defense systems as well as the protein-folding machinery were dysregulated and endoplasmic reticulum stress was increased in adipocytes from IR subjects. Moreover, proteasome activity was also compromised in adipocytes of @entity2 individuals, which was associated with enhanced accumulation of oxidized and ubiquitinated proteins in these cells. Proteasome activity was also impaired in adipocytes of diet-induced @entity2 @entity1 and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to @entity7 . In line with these data, proteasome inhibition significantly impaired @entity8 signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. INNOVATION: This study provides the first evidence of the occurrence of protein homeostasis deregulation in adipocytes in @entity0 @entity2 , which, together with oxidative damage, interferes with @entity8 signaling in these cells. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that @entity4 and impaired proteostasis in adipocytes, resulting from protein oxidation and/or misfolding, constitute major pathogenic mechanisms in the development of IR in @entity2 . Antioxid. Redox Signal. 23, 597-612.

title: Proteasome Dysfunction Associated to Oxidative Stress and Proteotoxicity in Adipocytes Compromises XXXX Sensitivity in @entity0 Obesity.

answer: @entity8


abstract: AIMS: Obesity is characterized by a low-grade systemic inflammatory state and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) dysfunction, which predispose individuals to the development of @entity8 resistance (IR) and @entity3 . However, a subset of @entity2 individuals, referred to as @entity2 ( @entity2 ) individuals, are protected from @entity2 -associated @entity3 . Here, we aim at identifying molecular factors and pathways in adipocytes that are responsible for the progression from the @entity8 -sensitive to the @entity8 -resistant, @entity2 ( @entity2 ) phenotype. RESULTS: Proteomic analysis of paired samples of adipocytes from subcutaneous (SC) and omental (OM) @entity0 @entity5 revealed that both types of cells are altered in the @entity2 state. Specifically, the @entity6 redox cycle and other antioxidant defense systems as well as the protein-folding machinery were dysregulated and endoplasmic reticulum stress was increased in adipocytes from IR subjects. Moreover, proteasome activity was also compromised in adipocytes of @entity2 individuals, which was associated with enhanced accumulation of oxidized and ubiquitinated proteins in these cells. Proteasome activity was also impaired in adipocytes of diet-induced @entity2 @entity1 and in 3T3-L1 adipocytes exposed to @entity7 . In line with these data, proteasome inhibition significantly impaired @entity8 signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. INNOVATION: This study provides the first evidence of the occurrence of protein homeostasis deregulation in adipocytes in @entity0 @entity2 , which, together with oxidative damage, interferes with @entity8 signaling in these cells. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that @entity4 and impaired proteostasis in adipocytes, resulting from protein oxidation and/or misfolding, constitute major pathogenic mechanisms in the development of IR in @entity2 . Antioxid. Redox Signal. 23, 597-612.

title: Proteasome Dysfunction Associated to Oxidative Stress and Proteotoxicity in Adipocytes Compromises @entity8 Sensitivity in XXXX Obesity.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: To investigate the association between central @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), age, gender, and @entity2 in a healthy pediatric population using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: This institutional study involved 137 healthy @entity0 (57 @entity0 , 80 @entity0 ) aged between 4 and 18 years. Each @entity0 underwent a dilated eye examination, cycloplegic refraction, and @entity4 measurement using a Nidek @entity4 -Scan optical biometer. The central foveal thickness (CFT) and @entity3 were measured using Cirrus @entity1 ( @entity1 )-OCT. The right eye of each subject was selected for analysis. Results: The mean age of the @entity0 was 10.0    4.7 years (range, 4-18 years). The mean spherical equivalent (SE) was -0.24    1.24 diopters (D) (range, -2.00 D to +2.25 D). The mean @entity4 was 23.1    1.2 mm (range, 20-27 mm). The mean central @entity3 was 388.2    50.0  m and was not correlated with age, gender, @entity4 , or @entity2 . Conclusion: The data provide a pediatric normative database of @entity3 using enhanced depth imaging OCT. This information may be useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of retino- @entity3 in @entity0 .

title: XXXX measurement in healthy pediatric population using Cirrus @entity1 optical coherence tomography.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: To investigate the association between central @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), age, gender, and @entity2 in a healthy pediatric population using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: This institutional study involved 137 healthy @entity0 (57 @entity0 , 80 @entity0 ) aged between 4 and 18 years. Each @entity0 underwent a dilated eye examination, cycloplegic refraction, and @entity4 measurement using a Nidek @entity4 -Scan optical biometer. The central foveal thickness (CFT) and @entity3 were measured using Cirrus @entity1 ( @entity1 )-OCT. The right eye of each subject was selected for analysis. Results: The mean age of the @entity0 was 10.0    4.7 years (range, 4-18 years). The mean spherical equivalent (SE) was -0.24    1.24 diopters (D) (range, -2.00 D to +2.25 D). The mean @entity4 was 23.1    1.2 mm (range, 20-27 mm). The mean central @entity3 was 388.2    50.0  m and was not correlated with age, gender, @entity4 , or @entity2 . Conclusion: The data provide a pediatric normative database of @entity3 using enhanced depth imaging OCT. This information may be useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of retino- @entity3 in @entity0 .

title: @entity3 measurement in healthy pediatric population using Cirrus XXXX optical coherence tomography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Cardiovascular deconditioning after prolonged bedrest has been attributed to inactivity. To examine the role of the altered distribution of body fluids, 5 healthy @entity0 , aged 41 to 48 years, were studied before, during and after a 20-hour period of bedrest with head-down tilt (-5 degrees). This intervention produces a marked central shift of intravascular and interstitial fluid, but the short duration minimizes the effects of inactivity. Central venous pressure, cardiac output and @entity2 volume all increased significantly (p less than 0.05) from supine baseline mean values; central venous pressure from 8.6 to 12.6 cm @entity3 , cardiac output from 6.9 to 7.9 liters/min, and @entity2 volume from 104 to 113 ml after 15 minutes of tilt, but all values returned to baseline within 20 hours. Supine central venous pressure after tilt was 7.4 cm @entity3 , cardiac output 5.7 liters/min and @entity2 volume 84 ml. Blood volume decreased 0.51 liters. After tilt, orthostatic stress produced a higher heart rate (90 +/- 18 vs 68 +/- 12 beats/min). Maximal @entity1 consumption decreased (2.36 +/- 0.41 vs 2.62 +/- 0.48 liters/min), mainly owing to reduced @entity2 volume (87 +/- 22 vs 107 +/- 18 ml, p less than 0.05). Thus, tilt produced a transient increase in central venous pressure, @entity2 volume and cardiac output, but supine mean values were below baseline levels after 20 hours. The post-tilt state was qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that seen after 2 to 3 weeks of bedrest or several days of spaceflight. These results are also similar to those from a previously studied group of ten 20- to 30-year-old normal @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cardiovascular deconditioning produced by 20 hours of bedrest with head-down tilt (-5 degrees) in middle-aged healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 is a common feature of severe @entity5 and @entity4 . Recent evidence implicates bioenergetic dysfunction and oxidative damage as important underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Increased abundance of @entity10 ( @entity10 ) in @entity5 suggests @entity9 , which may reduce mitochondrial coupling efficiency but limit reactive @entity1 species (ROS) production. Using a @entity0 model, we examined metabolic, cardiovascular, and skeletal muscle contractile changes following induction of peritoneal @entity5 in wild-type and @entity10 (-/-) @entity0 . Mitochondrial membrane potential (    m) was measured using two-photon microscopy in living diaphragm, and contractile function was measured in diaphragm muscle strips. The kinetic relationship between membrane potential and @entity1 consumption was determined using a modular kinetic approach in isolated mitochondria. @entity5 was associated with significant whole body metabolic suppression, @entity8 , and @entity2 . Maximal force generation was reduced and @entity7 accelerated in ex vivo diaphragm muscle strips from septic @entity0 .     m was lower in the isolated diaphragm from septic @entity0 despite normal substrate oxidation kinetics and @entity3 . Even though wild-type @entity0 exhibited an absolute 26    6% higher @entity10 protein abundance at 24 h, no differences were seen in whole animal or diaphragm physiology, nor in survival rates, between wild-type and @entity10 (-/-) @entity0 . In conclusion, this @entity0 @entity5 model shows a hypometabolic phenotype with evidence of significant @entity2 . This was associated with lower     m and alterations in mitochondrial @entity6 turnover and the phosphorylation pathway. However, @entity10 does not play an important functional role, despite its upregulation.

title: Skeletal @entity3 is associated with derangements in mitochondrial bioenergetics (but not @entity10 ) in a rodent model of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity3 is a common feature of severe @entity5 and @entity4 . Recent evidence implicates bioenergetic dysfunction and oxidative damage as important underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Increased abundance of @entity10 ( @entity10 ) in @entity5 suggests @entity9 , which may reduce mitochondrial coupling efficiency but limit reactive @entity1 species (ROS) production. Using a @entity0 model, we examined metabolic, cardiovascular, and skeletal muscle contractile changes following induction of peritoneal @entity5 in wild-type and @entity10 (-/-) @entity0 . Mitochondrial membrane potential (    m) was measured using two-photon microscopy in living diaphragm, and contractile function was measured in diaphragm muscle strips. The kinetic relationship between membrane potential and @entity1 consumption was determined using a modular kinetic approach in isolated mitochondria. @entity5 was associated with significant whole body metabolic suppression, @entity8 , and @entity2 . Maximal force generation was reduced and @entity7 accelerated in ex vivo diaphragm muscle strips from septic @entity0 .     m was lower in the isolated diaphragm from septic @entity0 despite normal substrate oxidation kinetics and @entity3 . Even though wild-type @entity0 exhibited an absolute 26    6% higher @entity10 protein abundance at 24 h, no differences were seen in whole animal or diaphragm physiology, nor in survival rates, between wild-type and @entity10 (-/-) @entity0 . In conclusion, this @entity0 @entity5 model shows a hypometabolic phenotype with evidence of significant @entity2 . This was associated with lower     m and alterations in mitochondrial @entity6 turnover and the phosphorylation pathway. However, @entity10 does not play an important functional role, despite its upregulation.

title: Skeletal XXXX is associated with derangements in mitochondrial bioenergetics (but not @entity10 ) in a rodent model of @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 is a common feature of severe @entity5 and @entity4 . Recent evidence implicates bioenergetic dysfunction and oxidative damage as important underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Increased abundance of @entity10 ( @entity10 ) in @entity5 suggests @entity9 , which may reduce mitochondrial coupling efficiency but limit reactive @entity1 species (ROS) production. Using a @entity0 model, we examined metabolic, cardiovascular, and skeletal muscle contractile changes following induction of peritoneal @entity5 in wild-type and @entity10 (-/-) @entity0 . Mitochondrial membrane potential (    m) was measured using two-photon microscopy in living diaphragm, and contractile function was measured in diaphragm muscle strips. The kinetic relationship between membrane potential and @entity1 consumption was determined using a modular kinetic approach in isolated mitochondria. @entity5 was associated with significant whole body metabolic suppression, @entity8 , and @entity2 . Maximal force generation was reduced and @entity7 accelerated in ex vivo diaphragm muscle strips from septic @entity0 .     m was lower in the isolated diaphragm from septic @entity0 despite normal substrate oxidation kinetics and @entity3 . Even though wild-type @entity0 exhibited an absolute 26    6% higher @entity10 protein abundance at 24 h, no differences were seen in whole animal or diaphragm physiology, nor in survival rates, between wild-type and @entity10 (-/-) @entity0 . In conclusion, this @entity0 @entity5 model shows a hypometabolic phenotype with evidence of significant @entity2 . This was associated with lower     m and alterations in mitochondrial @entity6 turnover and the phosphorylation pathway. However, @entity10 does not play an important functional role, despite its upregulation.

title: Skeletal @entity3 is associated with derangements in mitochondrial bioenergetics (but not XXXX ) in a rodent model of @entity5 .

answer: @entity10