abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Peripheral blood @entity2 + lymphocytes that home to mucosal surfaces express the @entity0 mucosal lymphocyte antigen (HML-1). At mucosal surfaces, including the ocular surface, only intraepithelial @entity2 + lymphocytes express HML-1. These lymphocytes are retained in the intraepithelial compartment by virtue of the interaction between HML-1 and its natural ligand, @entity4 , which is expressed on epithelial cells. The purpose of this study was to determine whether ocular surface epithelial cells (ocular mucosa) could induce the expression of @entity0 mucosal lymphocyte antigen on peripheral blood lymphocytes. METHODS: @entity0 corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells were co-cultured with peripheral blood lymphocytes. Both non-activated and activated lymphocytes were used in the experiments. After 7 days of incubation, lymphocytes were recovered and analysed for the antigens @entity2 /HML-1, @entity1 /HML-1, CD3/ @entity2 , CD3/ @entity1 , CD3/ @entity3 , @entity2 / @entity3 , and @entity1 / @entity3 by flowcytometry. RESULTS: Significant statistical differences were observed in the @entity2 /HML-1 expression when conjunctival epithelial cells were co-cultured with non-activated and activated lymphocytes (p = 0.04 for each) and when corneal epithelial cells were co-cultured with non-activated lymphocytes (p = 0.03). Significant statistical difference in @entity1 /HML-1 expression was observed only when conjunctival epithelial cells were co-cultured with activated lymphocytes (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Ocular surface epithelial cells can induce the expression of @entity0 mucosal lymphocyte antigen on @entity2 + (and to some extent on @entity1 +) lymphocytes. This may allow the retention of @entity2 + and @entity1 + lymphocytes within the epithelial compartment of the conjunctiva and play a part in mucosal homing of lymphocytes.

title: Ocular surface epithelium induces expression of XXXX mucosal lymphocyte antigen (HML-1) on peripheral blood lymphocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the clinical course of soccer players affected by chronic groin @entity1 , who were referred for laparoscopic inguinal exploration. MATERIAL/METHODS: Thirty-five professional soccer players affected by chronic groin @entity1 and referred for laparoscopic inguinal exploration were included in this prospective, non-randomized study. Prior to surgery, @entity0 were assessed by history, clinical examination, pelvic X-ray, bone scanning with Technetium and ultrasound of the inguinal region. The pre-peritoneal space was visualized with a laparoscope under general anesthesia. A bilateral @entity3 mesh was attached pre-peritoneally. Recorded data included demographics, history, symptoms, surgical findings and postoperative recovery. RESULTS: All @entity0 were male. The mean age was 24.3 years. Six @entity0 (17.1%) complained of @entity1 affecting their normal life. A true indirect type I @entity2 was identified in 4 @entity0 (11.4%). In 28 @entity0 (80%), a wide internal ring and peritoneal dimple were found during the procedure. No clear pathology was found in three @entity0 (8.6%). Thirty-four @entity0 (97.1%) returned to their normal activities after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic inguinal exploration and repair of "sportsman's @entity2 " in soccer players was associated with rapid recovery and fast return to full training and activity.

title: Laparoscopic repair of "sportsman's @entity2 " in soccer players as treatment of chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the clinical course of soccer players affected by chronic groin @entity1 , who were referred for laparoscopic inguinal exploration. MATERIAL/METHODS: Thirty-five professional soccer players affected by chronic groin @entity1 and referred for laparoscopic inguinal exploration were included in this prospective, non-randomized study. Prior to surgery, @entity0 were assessed by history, clinical examination, pelvic X-ray, bone scanning with Technetium and ultrasound of the inguinal region. The pre-peritoneal space was visualized with a laparoscope under general anesthesia. A bilateral @entity3 mesh was attached pre-peritoneally. Recorded data included demographics, history, symptoms, surgical findings and postoperative recovery. RESULTS: All @entity0 were male. The mean age was 24.3 years. Six @entity0 (17.1%) complained of @entity1 affecting their normal life. A true indirect type I @entity2 was identified in 4 @entity0 (11.4%). In 28 @entity0 (80%), a wide internal ring and peritoneal dimple were found during the procedure. No clear pathology was found in three @entity0 (8.6%). Thirty-four @entity0 (97.1%) returned to their normal activities after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic inguinal exploration and repair of "sportsman's @entity2 " in soccer players was associated with rapid recovery and fast return to full training and activity.

title: Laparoscopic repair of "sportsman's XXXX " in soccer players as treatment of chronic @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) can be used to assess the state of sympathovagal balance-modulating sinus node activity. @entity1 volume variability ( @entity2 ) probably reflects the dynamics of physiological control mechanisms over time. MATERIAL/METHODS: Power spectrum HRV and @entity2 were simultaneously measured in 44 healthy @entity0 . The values of the HRV and @entity2 parameters were compared for the supine and upright body positions in three age groups (I: 20-40; II: 40-60; III: >60 years old). The total power (TP) of the very low (VLF:<0.05 Hz), low (LF: 0.05-0.15 Hz) and high (HF: 0.15-0.5 Hz) HRV and @entity2 frequency bands were measured. The LF/HF and lnLF/lnHF ratios for HRV and @entity2 were calculated. RESULTS: The upright position caused a significant decrease in HRV in the HF and lnHF bands and an increase in the LF/HF and lnLF/HF ratios in all groups. @entity2 analysis for the supine position revealed significant differences in lnTP and HF values (between groups I and II) and in lnHF values (between groups I and II and I and III). @entity2 analysis for the upright position revealed differences in lnTP (between groups I and II and I and III), lnVLF (between groups I and III and I and III), lnLF (between groups I and II and I and III) and lnHF (between groups I and II and I and III). CONCLUSIONS: The combined analysis of HRV and @entity2 revealed different cardiovascular responses to postural stress in the three age groups considered.

title: XXXX volume variability and heart rate power spectrum in relation to posture changes in healthy subjects.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 can cause @entity1 . By using available HPLC-UVF methods, @entity2 can be quantified only at levels above 1% of the Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL). Once sensitized, workers can react to concentrations below these limits of detection (LOD) making these methods insufficiently sensitive to adequately evaluate trace amounts of @entity2 present in air or in materials at safe levels for sensitized workers. This article describes a novel method for isocyanate analysis allowing the quantification of @entity4 and 2,6TDI monomers at very low concentrations using HPLC-CIS-MS-MS. The method's sensitivity increases with a decrease in the alkali radius. The LOD is 0.039 ng mL(-1) for @entity4 and 0.100 ng mL(-1) for 2,6TDI in solution when @entity0 is the alkali adduct, which is 20 times more sensitive than HPLC-UVF method. This new method allows determination in foam at levels of 0.078 ng g(-1) for @entity4 and 0.200 ng g(-1) for 2,6TDI respectively, for a 0.5 g foam sample. This is more than 100 times more sensitive than other methods for determining free monomers in solid materials. Analytical reproducibility and precision are better than 92% and 93% for both @entity3 monomers. The use of HPLC-UVF conventional method failed to detect unreacted @entity2 in foam samples, but TDI monomers were quantified by HPLC-CIS-MS-MS.

title: Determination of unreacted 2,4-toluene diisocyanate ( XXXX ) and 2,6-toluene diisocyanate (2,6TDI) in foams at ultratrace level by using HPLC-CIS-MS-MS.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 and soy flour mixes are often used in the treatment of moderate @entity5 in Malawi. Their efficacy has not been formally evaluated. A recently developed ready-to-use food (RTUF) effectively promotes growth among severely malnourished @entity0 . The authors compared the effect of @entity4 and soy flour with that of RTUF in the home treatment of moderately malnourished @entity0 . METHODS: Sixty-one underweight, stunted @entity0 42 to 60 months of age were recruited in rural Malawi, in southeastern Africa. They received either RTUF or @entity4 and soy flour for 12 weeks. Both supplements provided 2 MJ (500Kcal) of energy daily but had different energy and nutrient densities. Outcome variables were weight and @entity3 and dietary intake. RESULTS: Before intervention, the mean dietary intake and weight and @entity3 were similar in the two groups. During the supplementation phase, the consumption of staple food fell among @entity0 receiving @entity4 and soy flour but not among those receiving RTUF. There was thus higher intake of energy, fat, @entity1 , and @entity2 in the RTUF group. Both supplements resulted in modest @entity3 , but the effect lasted longer after RTUF supplementation. Height gain was not affected in either group. Periodic 24-hour dietary recalls suggested that the @entity0 received only 30% and 43%, respectively, of the supplementary RTUF and @entity4 and soy flour provided. CONCLUSIONS: RTUF is an acceptable alternative to @entity4 and soy flour for dietary supplementation of moderately malnourished @entity0 . Approaches aimed at increasing the consumption of supplementary food by the selected recipients are needed.

title: Supplementary feeding of underweight, stunted Malawian XXXX with a ready-to-use food.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Utilization of hospice services has been shown to vary by place of residence and @entity0 characteristics. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to examine whether such variation has changed over time. Hospice utilization is examined as a function of sociodemographic characteristics, geographic location, type of insurance, and year of @entity3 . RESEARCH DESIGN: This study used a retrospective cohort design. SUBJECTS: We used data from the linked Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database to study hospice utilization in subjects aged 67 and older diagnosed with breast, @entity2 from 1991 to 1996 and who died between 1991 and 1999. RESULTS: Of the 170,136 subjects aged 67 and older who died from 1991 through 1999, 51,345 (30.2%) were enrolled in hospice before they died. Hospice utilization varied significantly by @entity0 characteristics, including type of insurance, age, marital status, race and ethnicity, gender, urban versus rural residence, type of @entity1 , income level, and education level. This variation, however, decreased over time for subgroups defined by type of insurance, marital status, urban residence, and income. Variation in hospice use increased over time as a function of age and type of @entity1 . There was no change in variation in use in blacks compared with non-Hispanic whites over time. CONCLUSIONS: The variation in hospice use by several @entity0 characteristics is decreasing over time, a finding consistent with the manner in which new medical technologies diffuse.

title: Decreasing variation in the use of hospice among older adults with breast, XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: Apoptosis is a type of programmed cell death whereby, immunologic, genetic and biochemical mechanisms are involved in its control. On the other hand, graft @entity1 is the most important restrictive factor for the long-term survival of heart transplantation. The purpose of this study is to analyse both apoptotic cell lesions in transplanted @entity0 that present @entity1 . METHODS: From August 1984 until December 1996, 148 heart transplants were carried out in the Cl  nica Universitaria de Navarra. In 102 @entity0 , annual coronary angiography was performed, reaching a diagnosis of @entity1 in 30 @entity0 . Study of apoptotic cell death was done in the tissue of endomyocardial biopsies on all @entity0 by means of the TUNEL technique. Procedures of immunohistochemistry with antibodies antic-myc, @entity3 and @entity2 were carried out and results were compared with a control group of 30 @entity0 with homogeneous characteristics. RESULTS: All @entity0 with @entity1 showed apoptotic cardiomyocytes, 13 @entity0 to a mild degree, 14 to a moderate degree and 3 to a severe degree, while in the control group apoptosis was found only to a mild degree in 8 @entity0 , obtaining a very significant statistical difference (p<0.0001). The expression of analysed oncoproteins was null in the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: Myocardial apoptosis is a constant finding in transplanted @entity0 with @entity1 . We have not seen any correlation between the apoptotic process and genetic mechanisms.

title: Apoptotic cell death and genetic control in graft XXXX in heart transplant.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Endotoxin exposure may have a protective effect against @entity1 and @entity0 . An @entity7 polymorphism in the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) gene reduces responsiveness to endotoxin. This study determined the effect of @entity4 polymorphism on the risk and severity of @entity1 and @entity0 . In all, 336 UK Caucasian families with > or = 2 affected sibs (physician's diagnosis of @entity1 and current medication use) and 179 Caucasians without @entity1 or a family history of @entity1 were genotyped using ARMS-PCR. No association of the @entity4 polymorphism was found with the risk of developing @entity1 , either in parent-affected sibling trios, or in case-control analyses (P>0.05). In the first affected asthmatic siblings, the @entity0 score (based on size and number of positive skin-prick tests and specific IgE) was higher in those with the @entity2 /Gly or @entity5 /Gly genotypes (mean 1.8, s.d. 1.1, n=39) compared to those with the @entity2 / @entity2 genotype (mean 1.2, s.d. 1.0, n=279) (P=0.003, t-test). No associations were found with total IgE, FEV(1) % predicted, slope of FEV(1) response to @entity3 or @entity1 severity score (P>0.05). This study confirms the previously observed lack of association of @entity4 polymorphisms with @entity1 . In contrast, the findings suggest that genetically determined @entity6 to endotoxin may increase @entity0 .

title: XXXX polymorphism and severity of @entity0 in asthmatics.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Endotoxin exposure may have a protective effect against @entity1 and @entity0 . An @entity7 polymorphism in the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) gene reduces responsiveness to endotoxin. This study determined the effect of @entity4 polymorphism on the risk and severity of @entity1 and @entity0 . In all, 336 UK Caucasian families with > or = 2 affected sibs (physician's diagnosis of @entity1 and current medication use) and 179 Caucasians without @entity1 or a family history of @entity1 were genotyped using ARMS-PCR. No association of the @entity4 polymorphism was found with the risk of developing @entity1 , either in parent-affected sibling trios, or in case-control analyses (P>0.05). In the first affected asthmatic siblings, the @entity0 score (based on size and number of positive skin-prick tests and specific IgE) was higher in those with the @entity2 /Gly or @entity5 /Gly genotypes (mean 1.8, s.d. 1.1, n=39) compared to those with the @entity2 / @entity2 genotype (mean 1.2, s.d. 1.0, n=279) (P=0.003, t-test). No associations were found with total IgE, FEV(1) % predicted, slope of FEV(1) response to @entity3 or @entity1 severity score (P>0.05). This study confirms the previously observed lack of association of @entity4 polymorphisms with @entity1 . In contrast, the findings suggest that genetically determined @entity6 to endotoxin may increase @entity0 .

title: @entity4 polymorphism and severity of XXXX in asthmatics.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The "unplanned" excision of a soft tissue @entity3 (STS) is defined as its resection without preoperative staging procedures and without aiming at wide resection margins owing to lacking knowledge of the @entity1 . Aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of such unplanned excisions, in spite of immediate re-excision, upon local recurrence. @entity0 AND METHODS: Results in 110 consecutive @entity0 were analysed. In all of them an unplanned resection of a STS of the limbs or trunk not achieving wide resection margins had been performed prior to referral. End-point of statistical analysis was local relapse. Median follow-up time was 82 months. RESULTS: @entity2 was found in 34 specimens of primary re-excisions (31 %). Local recurrence occurred in 14 @entity0 , 23 @entity0 developed distant metastases. Multivariate analysis revealed two significant prognostic factors for local recurrence: @entity2 in the re-excised specimen and occurrence of distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of @entity2 in re-excised specimens is a prognostic factor for @entity1 relapse, is the development of distant metastases. @entity4 should be excised after oncological regimens, preferably in experienced centers.

title: [The influence of XXXX on local recurrence after unplanned resection of soft tissue @entity3 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The "unplanned" excision of a soft tissue @entity3 (STS) is defined as its resection without preoperative staging procedures and without aiming at wide resection margins owing to lacking knowledge of the @entity1 . Aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of such unplanned excisions, in spite of immediate re-excision, upon local recurrence. @entity0 AND METHODS: Results in 110 consecutive @entity0 were analysed. In all of them an unplanned resection of a STS of the limbs or trunk not achieving wide resection margins had been performed prior to referral. End-point of statistical analysis was local relapse. Median follow-up time was 82 months. RESULTS: @entity2 was found in 34 specimens of primary re-excisions (31 %). Local recurrence occurred in 14 @entity0 , 23 @entity0 developed distant metastases. Multivariate analysis revealed two significant prognostic factors for local recurrence: @entity2 in the re-excised specimen and occurrence of distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS: Presence of @entity2 in re-excised specimens is a prognostic factor for @entity1 relapse, is the development of distant metastases. @entity4 should be excised after oncological regimens, preferably in experienced centers.

title: [The influence of @entity2 on local recurrence after unplanned resection of soft tissue XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 53-year-old @entity0 had suffered from progressive @entity4 for 8 weeks. She was not able to walk on her own. Two hours after admission endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation became necessary because of @entity7 . INVESTIGATIONS: Chest radiograph and computerized tomography showed a huge lesion originating from the lower lobe of the left lung with mediastinal infiltration. Histological examination of bronchoscopical-guided biopsy disclosed @entity3 . Electrophysiological studies revealed an incremental response on high-rate stimulation in the repetitive nerve stimulation test. Autoantibodies to P/C-type voltage-gated @entity5 channels were detected. Further, laboratory test results revealed @entity8 (100 mmol/l) and elevated @entity10 (11 pg/ml). DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND CLINICAL COURSE: These results led to the diagnosis of paraneoplastic @entity11 ( @entity11 ) with @entity7 caused by @entity3 . Additionally, @entity10 ( @entity10 ) was diagnosed as another @entity2 . Because of a prolonged weaning process resulting from inadequacy of mechanical ventilation, administration of intravenous immunoglobulins and chemotherapy with @entity6 and @entity9 were undertaken. This made successful extubation possible after 7 days. In spite of all supportive treatment, clinical deterioration occurred. The @entity0 died 27 days after the @entity3 had been diagnosed. CONCLUSION: The @entity11 should be considered in cases of unexplained @entity7 and clinical evidence of @entity1 .

title: [ @entity11 with @entity7 associated with XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 53-year-old @entity0 had suffered from progressive @entity4 for 8 weeks. She was not able to walk on her own. Two hours after admission endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation became necessary because of @entity7 . INVESTIGATIONS: Chest radiograph and computerized tomography showed a huge lesion originating from the lower lobe of the left lung with mediastinal infiltration. Histological examination of bronchoscopical-guided biopsy disclosed @entity3 . Electrophysiological studies revealed an incremental response on high-rate stimulation in the repetitive nerve stimulation test. Autoantibodies to P/C-type voltage-gated @entity5 channels were detected. Further, laboratory test results revealed @entity8 (100 mmol/l) and elevated @entity10 (11 pg/ml). DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND CLINICAL COURSE: These results led to the diagnosis of paraneoplastic @entity11 ( @entity11 ) with @entity7 caused by @entity3 . Additionally, @entity10 ( @entity10 ) was diagnosed as another @entity2 . Because of a prolonged weaning process resulting from inadequacy of mechanical ventilation, administration of intravenous immunoglobulins and chemotherapy with @entity6 and @entity9 were undertaken. This made successful extubation possible after 7 days. In spite of all supportive treatment, clinical deterioration occurred. The @entity0 died 27 days after the @entity3 had been diagnosed. CONCLUSION: The @entity11 should be considered in cases of unexplained @entity7 and clinical evidence of @entity1 .

title: [ @entity11 with XXXX associated with @entity3 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 53-year-old @entity0 had suffered from progressive @entity4 for 8 weeks. She was not able to walk on her own. Two hours after admission endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation became necessary because of @entity7 . INVESTIGATIONS: Chest radiograph and computerized tomography showed a huge lesion originating from the lower lobe of the left lung with mediastinal infiltration. Histological examination of bronchoscopical-guided biopsy disclosed @entity3 . Electrophysiological studies revealed an incremental response on high-rate stimulation in the repetitive nerve stimulation test. Autoantibodies to P/C-type voltage-gated @entity5 channels were detected. Further, laboratory test results revealed @entity8 (100 mmol/l) and elevated @entity10 (11 pg/ml). DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND CLINICAL COURSE: These results led to the diagnosis of paraneoplastic @entity11 ( @entity11 ) with @entity7 caused by @entity3 . Additionally, @entity10 ( @entity10 ) was diagnosed as another @entity2 . Because of a prolonged weaning process resulting from inadequacy of mechanical ventilation, administration of intravenous immunoglobulins and chemotherapy with @entity6 and @entity9 were undertaken. This made successful extubation possible after 7 days. In spite of all supportive treatment, clinical deterioration occurred. The @entity0 died 27 days after the @entity3 had been diagnosed. CONCLUSION: The @entity11 should be considered in cases of unexplained @entity7 and clinical evidence of @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX with @entity7 associated with @entity3 ].

answer: @entity11


abstract: Cyclin E plays a pivotal role in the regulation of G1-S transition and relates to malignant transformation of the cells. However, the clinical significance of cyclin E expression in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) remains unknown. We examined by immunohistochemistry the expression of cyclin E in 41 resected PTCs in pathologic stages from pT1a to pT4 and analyzed its relation to clinicohistopathologic factors. The positive staining was divided into 3 grades: no expression if less than 10%, expression if 11-50% and overexpression if more than 50% of the nuclei of @entity2 cells were stained positively. Cylin E expressions were observed in 75.6% of analyzed PTCs but only 60% of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were immunopositive for cyclin E expression. However, cyclin E staining was observed in 90.4% of PTCs in a group with TNM higher than pT1a. The staining index was significantly different between the @entity4 and the rest of the @entity2 investigated (14.91% +/- 14.4% vs. 34.03% +/- 23.44%, respectively; p < 0.005) and we observed positive relation between the staining index and factor T of staging of PTCs. All the lymph node @entity1 coexisted with cyclin E expression and most, but not all, of them coexisted with cyclin E overexpression. These findings indicate that cyclin E may play a key role for the oncogenesis and biologic behavior of @entity3 . If our results are confirmed in a larger study, a high level of cyclin E expression may become a new prognostic marker for PTCs.

title: Cyclin E expression in XXXX : relation to staging.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity7 ) is a member of intracellular @entity4 binding proteins, which have a high affinity to @entity4 . @entity7 is mainly expressed in the @entity0 intestine, uterus and placenta, and is regulated in tissue- and species-specific manners. Previous studies have shown that @entity7 expression is mainly controlled by @entity2 hormones and their receptors. Thus, we further investigated the expression and regulation of @entity7 during an estrus cycle in the @entity6 uterus by Northern blot and immunoblot analysis in this study. In addition, serum levels of @entity3 (E2) and @entity5 (P4) were measured using ELISA. The @entity7 mRNA is highly expressed in the porcine uterus during a luteal phase compared to a follicular phase, and its mRNA level in a luteal phase is increased up to 10-fold compared to a follicular phase. In parallel to the level of @entity7 mRNA, the @entity7 protein is also dominantly expressed in the porcine uterus, and strongly expressed in the epithelium and glands of the porcine uterus during a luteal phase. Although, the localization of the @entity7 protein is scarcely detected at follicular phase, it is dominantly expressed in the porcine uterus during a luteal phase. In addition, the serum P4 level was significantly increased during a luteal phase compared to a follicular phase, whereas no difference was observed in E2 levels between follicular and luteal phases, indicating that the ratio of P4/E2 is remarkably increased in porcine uterus during a luteal phase compared to a follicular phase. In conclusion, these results suggest that P4 may play an important role in the up-regulation of @entity7 gene in the porcine uterus in a luteal phase, which is unlike the condition in the @entity1 uterus. In addition, the porcine @entity7 may be dominantly expressed in the epithelium and glandular structure of @entity6 uterus during a luteal phase. It may also be differentially regulated during this cycle presumably by @entity2 hormones, especially up-regulated P4 levels in this tissue.

title: Dominant expression of porcine XXXX in the uterus during a luteal phase.

answer: @entity8


abstract: In addition to evidence of the vital reaction it is important from the forensic aspect to assess the age of wounds, in particular in wounds with a short time of survival. To both can contribute detection of adhesive molecules, identified in recent years, possibly in combination with other markers of early stages of reparative @entity2 . The submitted paper comprises the results of investigation of 465 skin wounds. The investigated samples were obtained from necroptic material, excision from wounds of treated @entity0 and from experimental @entity3 in @entity1 . Assessment of the age of @entity3 by means of endothelial adhesive molecules was made in paraffin sections after transfer into Varioclave and using the ABC techniqueref.. In @entity0 material a strong positive reaction of @entity6 was observed first after 1 and a half hours and latest after 3 and a half days, in @entity9 first after 3 mins., latest after 7 hours, in @entity7 first after 1 hour and latest after 17 days, in @entity8 first after 3 hours and latest 3 and a half days after the development of the injury. Expression of @entity5 was not typical for the injury. In @entity4 of @entity1 positive immunohistochemical reactions were found as a rule sooner than in @entity4 of @entity0 . Fibronectin was detected in paraffin sections from 70 skin wounds of dissected subjects immunohistochemically by the indirect immunoperoxidase reaction and by the use of the ABC technique labelled with alkaline phosphatase. Positive evidence was observed first after 5 minutes and latest after 8 hours. CONCLUSION: Detection of a rise of expression of @entity6 , @entity8 and P- and E. selectin and the formation of basic netlike fibronectin structures improves the assessment of the age of wounds with a short survival period.

title: [Time-related expression of adhesive proteins and other markers of age of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Data on the rising incidence of @entity5 and its relation to the use of modern contraceptives is reviewed. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated the existence of 100 million cases of @entity6 annually in the world, and the disease is now the most common notifiable @entity1 after measles. WHO reported a worldwide 90% increase in syphilis since 1960, and @entity8 (viral) has been reported as common as @entity6 in England and Wales. Several studies indicate that sexual intercourse is initiated at a younger age and that premarital and extramarital sexual experience are increasing. Over 60% of @entity0 with @entity6 have no symptoms; syphillis is milder in @entity0 than @entity0 , and nonspecific @entity4 are more difficult to detect in @entity0 . The mobile society promotes casual sex which favors the spread of @entity5 . Although reliable evidence is scanty, oral contraceptives fail to provide a physical barrier and could thus facilitate transmission. A recent study of 522 @entity0 attending a @entity5 clinic in Uppsala, Sweden showed that the number of partners and frequency of intercourse had increases for 141 @entity0 on the pill. @entity1 was common, and @entity6 was diagnosed in 67% of 250 @entity0 . Evidence further suggests that the pill's alteration of the @entity3 metabolism changes in the genital tract resembling pregnancy may favor the growth of @entity2 . Evidence also indicates that IUDs may increase the incidence of @entity7 , and the dangers of tubal blockage are likewise increased for the IUD user contracting @entity6 . The condom remains the best protection against the spread of @entity5 particularly if it is worn prior to intercourse and throughout intercourse.

title: Modern contraception and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The advantages and disadvantages of the @entity7 -releasing intrauterine device (IUD), Progestasert, are investigated, relying on the published literature and the authors' own experiences. Insertion of the Progestasert presents very few problems except in certain cases, particularly in nulliparous @entity0 . A complete gynecologic examination is indispensible before insertion to guarantee the absence of contraindications (e.g., pregnancy, anatomically abnormal uterus, @entity1 , @entity9 , @entity6 ). @entity2 or discomfort at insertion appears infrequently, except among nulliparas. Similarly, @entity2 after insertion is rare, but occurs most often in nulliparous @entity0 . Because of the insertion technique required for this IUD, cases of perforation of he uterus or cervix are virtually nonexistent. Expulsion of the Progestasert is very infrequent; it appears that incorrect insertion is the primary cause of expulsion. All studies verify a decrease in the expulsion rate after the 1st month of use. The incidence of @entity9 in Progestasert users is significantly lower than in users of other IUDs. This may be due, in part, to the shape of the device, which does not have wide surface areas and has no sharp or pointed edges which can become embedded in the endometrial wall. Additionally, the nature of the insertion device, guaranteeing lack of contact between the transverse arm of the IUD and the vagina, assures the sterility of the IUD even at the moment of introduction into the uterus, limiting the transport of bacteria into the cavity. Lack of sufficient data on ectopic pregnancies in Progestasert users impedes a complete evaluation and definition of the problem with this particular device. One of the most frequent reasons for discontinuing use of the IUD is distrubance of the menstrual cycle. Increase in menstrual @entity3 , prolongation of the menstrual period, and @entity8 are disturbances found in users of most IUDs. The Progestasert, however, appears to decrease @entity5 and shorten the menstrual period in all cases. The advantages of the Progestasert are indisputable in treating dysmennorhea. All studies agree on the attributes of topical release of @entity7 in treating this illness. Studies report disappearance of symptoms in 35% of dysmennorheic @entity0 and a marked @entity4 in 65%. Not enough data exist to draw any conclusions about the teratogenic action of the Progestasert. In normal pregnancies, however, natural @entity7 is found in much higher levels than that released by the IUD. Theoretically, the hormone released by the IUD should not interfere with normal fetal development. The failure rate of Progestasert is equal to or lower than that of other IUDs. Overall, the Progestasert represents a remarkable improvement over conventional IUDs.

title: [Steroid intra-uterine contraception: XXXX -releasing devices. II. Insertion, clinical problems and contraceptive dependability].

answer: @entity7


abstract: In the Dominican Republic, national surveillance of the number of cases of @entity3 began in 1940. During the 1940-58 period, sporadic cases were reported to the Ministry of Health, with annual incidences ranging from 0 to 0.68/100,000 population, with a mean incidence of 0.16 case. The 1st major @entity2 was reported in 1959 and ivolved 315 cases (10.71 cases/100,000 population). Since 1959, epidemics have occurred in cycles of 2-5 years with the most recent epidemics occurring in 1975, 1978, and 1980-81. In May 1980 the Division of Epidemiology of the Ministry of Health in Santo Domingo received the 1st reports of probable @entity2 activity of @entity3 among residents of Azua in health region 1. In June 1980 cases were reported from Santo Domingo (health region 0). Cases continued to occur through April 1981. During the January 1980-April 1981 period, there were reports of 181 cases, including 7 @entity1 . Of 30 stool specimens tested, 13 were poitive for @entity4 . ECHO virrus was isolated from 9; 2 virruses which could not be typed were isolated; and no viruses were isolated form 6 specimens. 7 of the 12 @entity4 type 1 isolates wer tedted for antigenic characterization; all were nonvaccinelike by either the modified Wecker on Van Wezel antigenic characterization methods. The male to female ratio of cases was 1.3: 1. Cases ranged in age from 2 months to 6.5 years, with a mean age of 15.0 months and a median age of 12 months. While 88.4% of the cases occurred in @entity0 less than 2 years of age, the highest attack rate was seen among @entity0 6-11 months of age. Immunization histories were known for 176 (97.2%) cases: 81 (44.8%) had never received any doses of polio vaccine; 68 (37.6%) had received 1 dose; 18 (9.9%) had received 2 doses; and 9 (5.0%) had received 3 doses. In 1979 a decision was made to change the immunization program strategy to primarily house-to-house vaccination rounds every 3 months. By April 1980, 3 health regions had implemented the house-to-house strategy, and by July 1980 all health regions were conducting house-to-house rounds. A table shows the annual coverage of the less-than-1-year-old population with polio vaccine, by number of doses received, from 1978 to 1981. During this period, the coverage of the less-than-1-year-old population with 3 doses of polio vaccine has doubled. The dropout rate has decreased by 40%.

title: Review of XXXX in the Dominican Republic: 1940-1981.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small size at birth is associated with @entity1 in adult life. Decreased fetal growth may result from a limitation in the nutrient supply to the fetus. Net tissue deposition in the mother and fetus increases the demand for @entity5 , but because maternal consumption of protein does not increase, there must be a change in the partitioning of @entity4 , away from oxidation and toward deposition. OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to characterize @entity2 oxidation in pregnancy and to investigate whether the relative partitioning of @entity4 was related to fetal growth. DESIGN: We determined @entity2 oxidation as @entity3 production in 25 @entity0 during mid (17-19 wk) and late (26-29 wk) gestation. @entity3 production was measured from urinary [ @entity6 -(15)N]urea excretion over 48 h after a single oral dose of [ @entity6 -(15)N]urea. We measured the @entity0 's size at birth. RESULTS: For the group as a whole, @entity3 excretion decreased and @entity2 oxidation remained similar between mid and late pregnancy, but there was wide variation between the @entity0 . Heavier @entity0 were born to the mothers in whom @entity2 oxidation decreased the most during pregnancy (slope of regression line: -80 g x g N(-1) x d(-1); 95% CI: -129, -31; P = 0.003). After adjustment for length of gestation and the @entity0 's sex, the change in maternal @entity2 oxidation explained 34% of the variation in birth weight. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 oxidation varied widely between the @entity0 during pregnancy. Understanding the ability of a pregnant @entity0 to adapt metabolically may have implications for establishing dietary recommendations in pregnancy.

title: Higher weight at birth is related to decreased maternal XXXX oxidation during pregnancy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endothelial cell dysfunction has been implicated in the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass, and the upregulation of endothelial cell expression of adhesion molecules might promote leukocyte extravasation in vivo. Soluble endothelial cell adhesion molecules are increased after bypass. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between endothelial cell-surface expression of adhesion molecules and their concentration in plasma after coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: Ten @entity0 undergoing coronary artery bypass with cardiopulmonary bypass had 5 plasma samples taken at defined intervals before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass. Plasma was incubated with @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers, and expression of @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity9 on the surface of @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers was measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma soluble adhesion molecules, @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity7 , and neutrophil counts were determined for each @entity0 . RESULTS: Markers typical of acute @entity1 (ie, @entity2 , neutrophils, and @entity5 ) were all increased after bypass. Soluble plasma intercellular and @entity9 (but not @entity8 ) were increased after bypass. However, endothelial cell expression of @entity10 (but not @entity8 ) were significantly decreased by exposure to postbypass plasma. Additionally, postbypass plasma inhibited @entity4 -stimulated endothelial cell expression of vascular cell and @entity6 . @entity3 and @entity7 , both of which are known to inhibit endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression, were respectively increased 10-fold and 3-fold (P <.05) after bypass. CONCLUSIONS: Despite containing increased soluble intercellular and @entity9 , postbypass plasma inhibits endothelial cell expression of intercellular and @entity9 . Upregulated vascular expression of adhesion molecules might not be essential for endothelial activation after bypass.

title: Endothelial expression of XXXX and @entity9 is suppressed by postbypass plasma containing increased soluble @entity6 and @entity9 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endothelial cell dysfunction has been implicated in the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass, and the upregulation of endothelial cell expression of adhesion molecules might promote leukocyte extravasation in vivo. Soluble endothelial cell adhesion molecules are increased after bypass. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between endothelial cell-surface expression of adhesion molecules and their concentration in plasma after coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: Ten @entity0 undergoing coronary artery bypass with cardiopulmonary bypass had 5 plasma samples taken at defined intervals before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass. Plasma was incubated with @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers, and expression of @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity9 on the surface of @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers was measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma soluble adhesion molecules, @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity7 , and neutrophil counts were determined for each @entity0 . RESULTS: Markers typical of acute @entity1 (ie, @entity2 , neutrophils, and @entity5 ) were all increased after bypass. Soluble plasma intercellular and @entity9 (but not @entity8 ) were increased after bypass. However, endothelial cell expression of @entity10 (but not @entity8 ) were significantly decreased by exposure to postbypass plasma. Additionally, postbypass plasma inhibited @entity4 -stimulated endothelial cell expression of vascular cell and @entity6 . @entity3 and @entity7 , both of which are known to inhibit endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression, were respectively increased 10-fold and 3-fold (P <.05) after bypass. CONCLUSIONS: Despite containing increased soluble intercellular and @entity9 , postbypass plasma inhibits endothelial cell expression of intercellular and @entity9 . Upregulated vascular expression of adhesion molecules might not be essential for endothelial activation after bypass.

title: Endothelial expression of @entity6 and @entity9 is suppressed by postbypass plasma containing increased soluble XXXX and @entity9 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endothelial cell dysfunction has been implicated in the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass, and the upregulation of endothelial cell expression of adhesion molecules might promote leukocyte extravasation in vivo. Soluble endothelial cell adhesion molecules are increased after bypass. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between endothelial cell-surface expression of adhesion molecules and their concentration in plasma after coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: Ten @entity0 undergoing coronary artery bypass with cardiopulmonary bypass had 5 plasma samples taken at defined intervals before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass. Plasma was incubated with @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers, and expression of @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity9 on the surface of @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers was measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma soluble adhesion molecules, @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity7 , and neutrophil counts were determined for each @entity0 . RESULTS: Markers typical of acute @entity1 (ie, @entity2 , neutrophils, and @entity5 ) were all increased after bypass. Soluble plasma intercellular and @entity9 (but not @entity8 ) were increased after bypass. However, endothelial cell expression of @entity10 (but not @entity8 ) were significantly decreased by exposure to postbypass plasma. Additionally, postbypass plasma inhibited @entity4 -stimulated endothelial cell expression of vascular cell and @entity6 . @entity3 and @entity7 , both of which are known to inhibit endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression, were respectively increased 10-fold and 3-fold (P <.05) after bypass. CONCLUSIONS: Despite containing increased soluble intercellular and @entity9 , postbypass plasma inhibits endothelial cell expression of intercellular and @entity9 . Upregulated vascular expression of adhesion molecules might not be essential for endothelial activation after bypass.

title: Endothelial expression of @entity6 and XXXX is suppressed by postbypass plasma containing increased soluble @entity6 and @entity9 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endothelial cell dysfunction has been implicated in the inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass, and the upregulation of endothelial cell expression of adhesion molecules might promote leukocyte extravasation in vivo. Soluble endothelial cell adhesion molecules are increased after bypass. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between endothelial cell-surface expression of adhesion molecules and their concentration in plasma after coronary artery bypass grafting. METHODS: Ten @entity0 undergoing coronary artery bypass with cardiopulmonary bypass had 5 plasma samples taken at defined intervals before, during, and after cardiopulmonary bypass. Plasma was incubated with @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers, and expression of @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity9 on the surface of @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cell monolayers was measured by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Plasma soluble adhesion molecules, @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity7 , and neutrophil counts were determined for each @entity0 . RESULTS: Markers typical of acute @entity1 (ie, @entity2 , neutrophils, and @entity5 ) were all increased after bypass. Soluble plasma intercellular and @entity9 (but not @entity8 ) were increased after bypass. However, endothelial cell expression of @entity10 (but not @entity8 ) were significantly decreased by exposure to postbypass plasma. Additionally, postbypass plasma inhibited @entity4 -stimulated endothelial cell expression of vascular cell and @entity6 . @entity3 and @entity7 , both of which are known to inhibit endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression, were respectively increased 10-fold and 3-fold (P <.05) after bypass. CONCLUSIONS: Despite containing increased soluble intercellular and @entity9 , postbypass plasma inhibits endothelial cell expression of intercellular and @entity9 . Upregulated vascular expression of adhesion molecules might not be essential for endothelial activation after bypass.

title: Endothelial expression of @entity6 and @entity9 is suppressed by postbypass plasma containing increased soluble @entity6 and XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: A rapid and simple method for purification of the FhuA receptor protein from cell envelopes of a FhuA-overproducing strain of @entity3 was developed. The overproduction of FhuA was programmed by the thermoamplifiable plasmid pHK232, which carried the fhuACD genes of pLC19-19 of the Clarke and @entity0 collection. At low temperature (27 degrees C), pHK232 specified the overproduction of FhuA to levels comparable to those of major outer membrane proteins OmpF, OmpC, and OmpA. The amount of these proteins in the outer membrane was reduced along with overproduction of FhuA. Upon runaway replication of pHK232 at 37 degrees C, the precursor of the FhuA protein, proFhuA, was also accumulated in the cell envelope in amounts similar to FhuA. For extraction of the FhuA protein, crude cell envelopes were washed with 2% Triton X-100-6 M @entity2 to remove less tightly bound proteins. Then FhuA but not proFhuA was solubilized by treating Triton X-100- @entity2 -washed membranes with 1% octylglucoside-1 mM @entity1 . This procedure yielded FhuA protein free from other membrane proteins. The amount of lipopolysaccharide and phospholipids was low and ranged from 5 to 15% and 10 to 25% of the weight of the FhuA protein, respectively. As shown by direct inactivation and by competition assays, the isolated FhuA protein retained receptor activity for @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity5 M, and phages T5 and T1.

title: Preparation of the FhuA (TonA) receptor protein from cell envelopes of an overproducing strain of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity9 ( @entity11 ) synthetase of @entity1 has been purified to near homogeneity from a strain harboring the prs gene, encoding P-Rib-PP synthetase, on a multicopy plasmid. Analysis of the enzyme showed that it required inorganic @entity5 for activity and for stability. @entity6 ions were required both as a complex with the substrate @entity3 and as a free cation. P- @entity10 -PP synthetase activity was inhibited strongly by @entity4 . Kinetic analysis indicated multiple sites of action of @entity4 . In addition apparent substrate inhibition was exerted by @entity8 in the presence of @entity4 . The @entity0 sequence of the @entity1 prs gene has been determined and the coding segment established. The deduced @entity2 sequence of P-Rib-PP synthetase contained 314 @entity2 residues and the molecular weight was calculated as 34,060. The initiation site of transcription was determined. This site was preceded by well conserved -10 and -35 consensus sequences (pdT-dA-dG-dA-dA-dT and pdT-dT-dG-dA-dT-dG, respectively). The transcription initiation site preceded the potential translation initiation site by 302 nucleotides. Transcription terminated approximately 35 @entity7 downstream from the UAA translation stop codon, within a Thy-rich region following an inverted repeat sequence, indicative of an rho-independent transcription terminator.

title: @entity9 synthetase of XXXX . Properties of the purified enzyme and primary structure of the prs gene.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity9 ( @entity11 ) synthetase of @entity1 has been purified to near homogeneity from a strain harboring the prs gene, encoding P-Rib-PP synthetase, on a multicopy plasmid. Analysis of the enzyme showed that it required inorganic @entity5 for activity and for stability. @entity6 ions were required both as a complex with the substrate @entity3 and as a free cation. P- @entity10 -PP synthetase activity was inhibited strongly by @entity4 . Kinetic analysis indicated multiple sites of action of @entity4 . In addition apparent substrate inhibition was exerted by @entity8 in the presence of @entity4 . The @entity0 sequence of the @entity1 prs gene has been determined and the coding segment established. The deduced @entity2 sequence of P-Rib-PP synthetase contained 314 @entity2 residues and the molecular weight was calculated as 34,060. The initiation site of transcription was determined. This site was preceded by well conserved -10 and -35 consensus sequences (pdT-dA-dG-dA-dA-dT and pdT-dT-dG-dA-dT-dG, respectively). The transcription initiation site preceded the potential translation initiation site by 302 nucleotides. Transcription terminated approximately 35 @entity7 downstream from the UAA translation stop codon, within a Thy-rich region following an inverted repeat sequence, indicative of an rho-independent transcription terminator.

title: XXXX synthetase of @entity1 . Properties of the purified enzyme and primary structure of the prs gene.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Each photoexcited @entity4 (R*) molecule catalyzes binding of @entity1 to many copies of the @entity2 -binding protein transducin, which, in its @entity1 -binding form, then activates @entity3 phosphodiesterase (PDEase). Subsequent deactivation of this light-activated enzyme cascade involves hydrolysis of the @entity1 bound to transducin, as well as decay of the activating capacity of R*. We report here that deactivation of PDEase in rod outer segment suspensions is highly enhanced by addition of @entity0 and purified 48-kDa protein, which is an intrinsic rod outer segment protein that is soluble in the dark but binds to photolyzed @entity4 that has been phosphorylated by @entity4 kinase and @entity0 [K  hn, H., Hall, S.W. _ Wilden, U. (1984) FEBS Lett. 176, 473-478]. To analyze the mechanism by which @entity0 and 48-kDa protein deactivate PDEase, we used an @entity0 -free system consisting of thoroughly washed disk membranes, whose @entity4 had been previously phosphorylated and chromophore-regenerated, and to which purified PDEase and transducin were reassociated. Such phosphorylated membranes exhibited a significantly lower (by a factor less than or equal to 5) light-induced PDEase-activating capacity than unphosphorylated controls. Addition of purified 48-kDa protein to phosphorylated membranes further suppressed their PDEase-activating capacity; suppression could be as high as 98% (as compared to unphosphorylated membranes), depending on the amount of 48-kDa protein and the flash intensity. Addition of @entity0 had little further effect. In contrast, PDEase activation or deactivation with unphosphorylated control membranes was not influenced by 48-kDa protein, even in the presence of @entity0 , provided @entity4 kinase was absent. Our data suggest that 48-kDa protein binds to phosphorylated R* and thereby quenches its capacity to activate transducin and PDEase.

title: Phosphodiesterase activation by photoexcited XXXX is quenched when @entity4 is phosphorylated and binds the intrinsic 48-kDa protein of rod outer segments.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Each photoexcited @entity4 (R*) molecule catalyzes binding of @entity1 to many copies of the @entity2 -binding protein transducin, which, in its @entity1 -binding form, then activates @entity3 phosphodiesterase (PDEase). Subsequent deactivation of this light-activated enzyme cascade involves hydrolysis of the @entity1 bound to transducin, as well as decay of the activating capacity of R*. We report here that deactivation of PDEase in rod outer segment suspensions is highly enhanced by addition of @entity0 and purified 48-kDa protein, which is an intrinsic rod outer segment protein that is soluble in the dark but binds to photolyzed @entity4 that has been phosphorylated by @entity4 kinase and @entity0 [K  hn, H., Hall, S.W. _ Wilden, U. (1984) FEBS Lett. 176, 473-478]. To analyze the mechanism by which @entity0 and 48-kDa protein deactivate PDEase, we used an @entity0 -free system consisting of thoroughly washed disk membranes, whose @entity4 had been previously phosphorylated and chromophore-regenerated, and to which purified PDEase and transducin were reassociated. Such phosphorylated membranes exhibited a significantly lower (by a factor less than or equal to 5) light-induced PDEase-activating capacity than unphosphorylated controls. Addition of purified 48-kDa protein to phosphorylated membranes further suppressed their PDEase-activating capacity; suppression could be as high as 98% (as compared to unphosphorylated membranes), depending on the amount of 48-kDa protein and the flash intensity. Addition of @entity0 had little further effect. In contrast, PDEase activation or deactivation with unphosphorylated control membranes was not influenced by 48-kDa protein, even in the presence of @entity0 , provided @entity4 kinase was absent. Our data suggest that 48-kDa protein binds to phosphorylated R* and thereby quenches its capacity to activate transducin and PDEase.

title: Phosphodiesterase activation by photoexcited @entity4 is quenched when XXXX is phosphorylated and binds the intrinsic 48-kDa protein of rod outer segments.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The discriminative stimulus properties of @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity7 were assessed in @entity0 trained in a two-lever, food-reinforced drug discrimination paradigm to discriminate 1.0 mg/kg @entity5 from saline. After determination of these dose-response relationships, the @entity0 were divided into two groups. One group ( @entity6 ) was given injections of @entity8 ( @entity9 , 30 mg/kg, IP) and @entity6 ( @entity6 , 100 micrograms/10 microliters each ventricle), while the other group (sham) was given the same dose of @entity9 and @entity6 vehicle (intraventricularly). Beginning approximately 45 days after intraventricular injections, dose-response relationships were redetermined for all three drugs. Larger doses of @entity5 were required to elicit the same response in the @entity6 group (i.e. the dose-response relationship was shifted to the right), while no change was observed in the sham group. Any changes in the dose-response relationships for @entity4 and @entity7 were comparable in the @entity6 and sham group. The rate-decreasing effects were not altered in either group for any of the drugs. Upon sacrifice, @entity2 (DA) was found to be significantly depleted in the accumbens, caudate and rest of brain of the @entity6 group. Levels of @entity3 and @entity1 were unaltered. These data suggest that central DA-containing neurons play a role in the discriminative stimulus properties of psychomotor stimulants in @entity0 .

title: Effects of central @entity2 depletion on the XXXX discriminative stimulus in @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The discriminative stimulus properties of @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity7 were assessed in @entity0 trained in a two-lever, food-reinforced drug discrimination paradigm to discriminate 1.0 mg/kg @entity5 from saline. After determination of these dose-response relationships, the @entity0 were divided into two groups. One group ( @entity6 ) was given injections of @entity8 ( @entity9 , 30 mg/kg, IP) and @entity6 ( @entity6 , 100 micrograms/10 microliters each ventricle), while the other group (sham) was given the same dose of @entity9 and @entity6 vehicle (intraventricularly). Beginning approximately 45 days after intraventricular injections, dose-response relationships were redetermined for all three drugs. Larger doses of @entity5 were required to elicit the same response in the @entity6 group (i.e. the dose-response relationship was shifted to the right), while no change was observed in the sham group. Any changes in the dose-response relationships for @entity4 and @entity7 were comparable in the @entity6 and sham group. The rate-decreasing effects were not altered in either group for any of the drugs. Upon sacrifice, @entity2 (DA) was found to be significantly depleted in the accumbens, caudate and rest of brain of the @entity6 group. Levels of @entity3 and @entity1 were unaltered. These data suggest that central DA-containing neurons play a role in the discriminative stimulus properties of psychomotor stimulants in @entity0 .

title: Effects of central XXXX depletion on the @entity5 discriminative stimulus in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The discriminative stimulus properties of @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity7 were assessed in @entity0 trained in a two-lever, food-reinforced drug discrimination paradigm to discriminate 1.0 mg/kg @entity5 from saline. After determination of these dose-response relationships, the @entity0 were divided into two groups. One group ( @entity6 ) was given injections of @entity8 ( @entity9 , 30 mg/kg, IP) and @entity6 ( @entity6 , 100 micrograms/10 microliters each ventricle), while the other group (sham) was given the same dose of @entity9 and @entity6 vehicle (intraventricularly). Beginning approximately 45 days after intraventricular injections, dose-response relationships were redetermined for all three drugs. Larger doses of @entity5 were required to elicit the same response in the @entity6 group (i.e. the dose-response relationship was shifted to the right), while no change was observed in the sham group. Any changes in the dose-response relationships for @entity4 and @entity7 were comparable in the @entity6 and sham group. The rate-decreasing effects were not altered in either group for any of the drugs. Upon sacrifice, @entity2 (DA) was found to be significantly depleted in the accumbens, caudate and rest of brain of the @entity6 group. Levels of @entity3 and @entity1 were unaltered. These data suggest that central DA-containing neurons play a role in the discriminative stimulus properties of psychomotor stimulants in @entity0 .

title: Effects of central @entity2 depletion on the @entity5 discriminative stimulus in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A technique was used to monitor continuously ruminal pH using a strip-chart recording pH meter. Ruminal pH measurements were made in four ruminal-cannulated crossbred wether @entity1 (ag initial weight, 42.5 kg). For l.5 h daily, @entity1 were given ad libitum access to 50% concentrate-50% chopped orchardgrass hay diets supplements with 0, l.5, 3.0 and 4.5% @entity3 ( @entity4 ). A split-plot Latin-square design was used to evaluate @entity4 level and day of adaptation on the percentage of time (%T) that ruminal pH was less than 6.6, 6.2, 5.8, 5.4 and 5.0. No effect due to day of adaptation existed for ruminal pH measurements (P more than .10), while the effect of dietary @entity4 level was quadratic (P more than .01) for the %T that ruminal pH was less than 5.4. To evaluate the effects of @entity4 on nutrient digestion, the same diets were fed to eight wether @entity1 (avg initial weight, 38 kg) at 85% of their ad libitum intake in a replicated 4 x 4 Latin-square digestion trial. Digestibilities of @entity0 ( @entity0 ), organic matter, N and fiber fractions were not different due to level of @entity4 (P greater than .10). Ash digestibility increased with increasing levels of dietary @entity4 (P less than .01). Four ruminal-cannulated mature Hereford steers were also given ad libitum access to the diets in a split-plot Latin-square trial to evaluate effects of dietary @entity4 level on ruminal pH and in situ digestion of @entity2 meal N and orchardgrass @entity0 . During incubation of the dacron bags for 3, 6, 9, 12, 24 and 36 h also increased linearly with increasing level of @entity4 . Ruminal solid and liquid dilution rates were not affected by level of supplemental @entity4 (P greater than .10). The results of these trials suggest that increasing level of dietary @entity4 greatly increases the proportion of time ruminal pH is above critical levels for ruminal protein and @entity0 digestion, but does not affect total tract nutrient digestion when 50% concentrate diets are fed.

title: Effect of supplemental XXXX on nutrient digestibilities and ruminal pH measured continuously.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The qa-1S gene, one of two regulatory genes in the qa gene cluster of @entity5 , encodes the qa repressor. The qa-1S gene together with the qa-1F gene, which encodes the qa activator protein, control the expression of all seven qa genes, including those encoding the inducible enzymes responsible for the utilization of @entity6 as a @entity1 source. The @entity0 sequence of the qa-1S gene and its flanking regions has been determined. The deduced coding sequence for the qa-1S protein encodes 918 @entity4 with a calculated molecular weight of 100,650 and is interrupted by a single 66-base-pair intervening sequence. Both constitutive and noninducible mutants occur in the qa-1S gene and two different mutations of each type have been cloned and sequenced. All four mutations occur within the predicted coding region of the qa-1S gene. This result strongly supports the hypothesis that the qa-1S gene encodes a repressor. All four mutations are located within codons for the last 300 @entity4 of the qa-1S protein. The mutations in three of the mutants involve @entity2 substitutions, while the fourth mutant, which has a constitutive phenotype, contains a frameshift mutation. The two constitutive mutations occur in the most distal region of the gene, possibly implicating the @entity3 -terminal region of the qa repressor in binding to its target. The two noninducible mutations occur in a region proximal to the constitutive mutations, possibly implicating this region of the qa repressor in binding the inducer.

title: The qa repressor gene of XXXX : wild-type and mutant nucleotide sequences.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency (RF) current, converted into heat through ion agitation and friction, can destroy @entity3 by means of coagulation @entity2 . This study assessed whether percutaneous RF ablation is a useful and safe technique for the treatment of @entity3 recurrence after hepatectomy. METHODS: Forty-seven @entity0 presenting with local recurrence after hepatectomy for @entity1 (29 with colorectal secondaries) were treated with percutaneous RF ablation instead of repeat hepatectomy. RF thermal ablation was performed under image guidance for 12-15 min. This group represented 63 per cent of 75 @entity0 treated with curative intent for liver recurrence in the same time interval. The other 28 @entity0 underwent repeat hepatectomy. RESULTS: The mean(s.d.) number of liver metastases destroyed was 1.4(0.7) (range 1-3) and their diameter was 21(8) (range 9-35) mm. Twenty-six @entity0 presented with liver recurrence at least once but up to three times after the initial RF application. Incomplete local RF treatment was observed in six of 47 @entity0 . Fifteen @entity0 developed extrahepatic recurrence. The mean(s.d.) interval between RF ablation and the last follow-up visit was 14.4(10.1) (range 5.5-40) months. One death and three major complications occurred. Survival rates at 1 and 2 years were 88 and 55 per cent respectively. A retrospective study of the authors' database over two similar consecutive periods showed that RF ablation increased the percentage of curative local treatments for liver recurrence after hepatectomy from 17 to 26 per cent and decreased the proportion of repeat hepatectomies from 100 to to 39 per cent. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous RF treatment increases the number of @entity0 eligible for curative treatment. It should be preferred to repeat hepatectomy when feasible and safe because it is less invasive. Repeat hepatectomy is indicated only when percutaneous RF ablation is contraindicated or fails.

title: Percutaneous radiofrequency thermoablation as an alternative to surgery for treatment of XXXX recurrence after hepatectomy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We reviewed Dutch @entity0 and those described in the literature with @entity3 in the past 25 years, with the intention to obtain an overview of the characteristics of this rare disease. Among the 117 @entity0 reviewed, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was more frequent (64%) than @entity2 ( @entity2 , 21%). Most @entity0 had a high leukaemic cell load with @entity1 , @entity3 and hyperleucocytosis. @entity4 were found in the majority of the @entity0 tested (72%); 11q23 abnormalities were found in less than half of them (42%). The probability of overall survival at 24 months was only 23%. When @entity5 and @entity2 were compared, clinical characteristics and overall survival were not significantly different. However, in @entity0 at risk, the probability of event-free survival (EFS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were significantly higher in @entity5 than in @entity2 , 43% versus 13% and 68% versus 0% respectively. Among the @entity5 cases, six spontaneous remissions have been described. In conclusion, the clinical characteristics of @entity3 differ from those of @entity3 in older @entity0 and prognosis is generally poor. Once complete remission is achieved, @entity0 with @entity5 fare better than those with @entity2 . Chemotherapy for @entity3 needs improvement to increase the sustained remission rate.

title: XXXX : the Dutch experience and review of the literature.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Spontaneous growth of erythroid progenitor cells is one of the hallmarks of @entity1 vera (PV). In vitro clonogenic assays can be used to support the diagnosis of PV. However, clonogenic assays are difficult to standardize, and their diagnostic value is accepted as a minor criteria for PV only in the case of positive results. Clonogenic assays need to be validated and normal ranges established carefully before they can be used for diagnostic purposes. In a retrospective study, we analysed the results of 146 consecutive clonogenic assays performed in @entity0 with erythrocytosis between January 1992 and December 2000. Normal ranges were established on the basis of the results from 81 controls. The charts of the 146 @entity0 were reviewed and the @entity0 were allocated to the following diagnostic groups: PV (n = 38) and non-primary erythrocytosis (NPE, n = 65) according to the criteria of Pearson _ Messinezy. In total, 43 @entity0 were excluded from the study because of missing data. The clonogenic assay results were correlated with the final clinical diagnosis of the @entity0 . At a cut-off value of 5 erythroid colony-forming unit colonies per well, 29 out of 38 @entity0 with PV showed positive results, and 9 out of 38 @entity0 showed false-negative results. In the NPE group, there were 64 out of 65 real-negative results and 1 out of 65 false-positive result. Thus the positive predictive value of the clonogenic assay for the diagnosis of PV was 97%. We conclude that clonogenic assays, in the case of positive results, and if carefully validated, are very useful and reliable tools for the diagnosis of PV.

title: The predictive value of clonogenic stem cell assays for the diagnosis of XXXX vera.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between self-reported health status, prophylactic medication use, and healthcare service use in older adults with @entity2 . DESIGN: A prospective longitudinal cohort study was conducted over a 2-year postenrollment period in a population of asthmatic older adults enrolled in managed care. @entity0 completed a comprehensive health-risk screen at time of enrollment in the plan. SETTING: A Medicare health maintenance organization (HMO) in the southeastern United States with prescription benefit. @entity0 : One hundred twenty-nine older adults with @entity2 using inhaled corticosteroid therapy as prophylaxis and enrolled in a Medicare HMO were available for complete follow-up. MEASUREMENTS: We measured self-reported health perception, falls, lifestyle, @entity1 symptomatology, and pre-enrollment healthcare service use using a comprehensive risk screen. We used the Med-Total index and total annual healthcare charges as measures of postenrollment inhaled corticosteroid and healthcare service use. RESULTS: After adjusting for the effects of other variables, we found that @entity1 symptomatology at baseline and increased comorbidity severity (using the Charlson comorbidity index) were associated with significant reductions in prophylactic medication possession (27% with @entity1 symptomatology and 6% with unit increase in Charlson's index, P <.05). Additionally, after adjusting for the effects of baseline health status, we found that a 10% increase in prophylactic medication possession was associated with a nearly 5% decrease in total annual healthcare charges in this population (P <.01). CONCLUSION: There are strong but not fully explained associations between @entity1 symptoms at time of enrollment, decreased postenrollment prophylactic medication use and increased postenrollment healthcare service use in older adults with @entity2 .

title: Self-reported health status, prophylactic medication use, and healthcare costs in older adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of a sequential strategy combining @entity2 alginate and @entity4 dressings treatment of grade III or IV pressure ulcers (PUs) and the efficacy of nonsequential strategy with @entity4 alone. DESIGN: An open, randomized, multicenter parallel-group trial. SETTING: Twenty geriatrics hospital wards. @entity0 : One hundred ten older @entity0 with grade III or IV PUs. INTERVENTION: The control strategy consisted of applying @entity4 dressings (DuodermE) for 8 weeks; the sequential strategy consisted of applying combined @entity2 alginate dressings (UrgoSorb) for the first 4 weeks and @entity4 dressings (Algoplaque) for the next 4 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: PU surface areas were measured weekly by @entity3 tracing. The endpoints were the mean absolute surface area reduction (SAR) during the 8-week study period and the number of @entity0 achieving a 40 or more SAR (SAR40). RESULTS: Fifty-seven and 53 @entity0 were randomly allocated to sequential and control strategies respectively. Baseline @entity0 characteristics and PU @entity3 features at inclusion were similar in the two groups. Mean +/- standard deviation SAR was significantly larger in the sequential treatment group (5.4 +/- 5.7 cm2 and 7.6 +/- 7.1 cm2 at 4 and 8 weeks) than in the control group (1.6 +/- 4.9 cm2 and 3.1 +/- 7.2 cm2, P< .001). In the sequential treatment group, 68.4 of the @entity0 reached SAR40 at 4 weeks and 75.4 at 8 weeks, proportions significantly larger than in the control group (22.6 and 58.5, respectively, P< .0001). Dressing tolerance was good in both strategies. CONCLUSIONS: In grade III or IV PUs, treatment using first @entity2 alginate dressings and then @entity4 dressings promotes @entity1 than treatment with @entity4 dressings alone.

title: Sequential treatment with @entity2 alginate dressings and @entity4 dressings accelerates pressure XXXX in older subjects: a multicenter randomized trial of sequential versus nonsequential treatment with @entity4 dressings alone.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of a sequential strategy combining @entity2 alginate and @entity4 dressings treatment of grade III or IV pressure ulcers (PUs) and the efficacy of nonsequential strategy with @entity4 alone. DESIGN: An open, randomized, multicenter parallel-group trial. SETTING: Twenty geriatrics hospital wards. @entity0 : One hundred ten older @entity0 with grade III or IV PUs. INTERVENTION: The control strategy consisted of applying @entity4 dressings (DuodermE) for 8 weeks; the sequential strategy consisted of applying combined @entity2 alginate dressings (UrgoSorb) for the first 4 weeks and @entity4 dressings (Algoplaque) for the next 4 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: PU surface areas were measured weekly by @entity3 tracing. The endpoints were the mean absolute surface area reduction (SAR) during the 8-week study period and the number of @entity0 achieving a 40 or more SAR (SAR40). RESULTS: Fifty-seven and 53 @entity0 were randomly allocated to sequential and control strategies respectively. Baseline @entity0 characteristics and PU @entity3 features at inclusion were similar in the two groups. Mean +/- standard deviation SAR was significantly larger in the sequential treatment group (5.4 +/- 5.7 cm2 and 7.6 +/- 7.1 cm2 at 4 and 8 weeks) than in the control group (1.6 +/- 4.9 cm2 and 3.1 +/- 7.2 cm2, P< .001). In the sequential treatment group, 68.4 of the @entity0 reached SAR40 at 4 weeks and 75.4 at 8 weeks, proportions significantly larger than in the control group (22.6 and 58.5, respectively, P< .0001). Dressing tolerance was good in both strategies. CONCLUSIONS: In grade III or IV PUs, treatment using first @entity2 alginate dressings and then @entity4 dressings promotes @entity1 than treatment with @entity4 dressings alone.

title: Sequential treatment with XXXX alginate dressings and @entity4 dressings accelerates pressure @entity3 in older subjects: a multicenter randomized trial of sequential versus nonsequential treatment with @entity4 dressings alone.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of a sequential strategy combining @entity2 alginate and @entity4 dressings treatment of grade III or IV pressure ulcers (PUs) and the efficacy of nonsequential strategy with @entity4 alone. DESIGN: An open, randomized, multicenter parallel-group trial. SETTING: Twenty geriatrics hospital wards. @entity0 : One hundred ten older @entity0 with grade III or IV PUs. INTERVENTION: The control strategy consisted of applying @entity4 dressings (DuodermE) for 8 weeks; the sequential strategy consisted of applying combined @entity2 alginate dressings (UrgoSorb) for the first 4 weeks and @entity4 dressings (Algoplaque) for the next 4 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: PU surface areas were measured weekly by @entity3 tracing. The endpoints were the mean absolute surface area reduction (SAR) during the 8-week study period and the number of @entity0 achieving a 40 or more SAR (SAR40). RESULTS: Fifty-seven and 53 @entity0 were randomly allocated to sequential and control strategies respectively. Baseline @entity0 characteristics and PU @entity3 features at inclusion were similar in the two groups. Mean +/- standard deviation SAR was significantly larger in the sequential treatment group (5.4 +/- 5.7 cm2 and 7.6 +/- 7.1 cm2 at 4 and 8 weeks) than in the control group (1.6 +/- 4.9 cm2 and 3.1 +/- 7.2 cm2, P< .001). In the sequential treatment group, 68.4 of the @entity0 reached SAR40 at 4 weeks and 75.4 at 8 weeks, proportions significantly larger than in the control group (22.6 and 58.5, respectively, P< .0001). Dressing tolerance was good in both strategies. CONCLUSIONS: In grade III or IV PUs, treatment using first @entity2 alginate dressings and then @entity4 dressings promotes @entity1 than treatment with @entity4 dressings alone.

title: Sequential treatment with @entity2 alginate dressings and XXXX dressings accelerates pressure @entity3 in older subjects: a multicenter randomized trial of sequential versus nonsequential treatment with @entity4 dressings alone.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the efficacy of a sequential strategy combining @entity2 alginate and @entity4 dressings treatment of grade III or IV pressure ulcers (PUs) and the efficacy of nonsequential strategy with @entity4 alone. DESIGN: An open, randomized, multicenter parallel-group trial. SETTING: Twenty geriatrics hospital wards. @entity0 : One hundred ten older @entity0 with grade III or IV PUs. INTERVENTION: The control strategy consisted of applying @entity4 dressings (DuodermE) for 8 weeks; the sequential strategy consisted of applying combined @entity2 alginate dressings (UrgoSorb) for the first 4 weeks and @entity4 dressings (Algoplaque) for the next 4 weeks. MEASUREMENTS: PU surface areas were measured weekly by @entity3 tracing. The endpoints were the mean absolute surface area reduction (SAR) during the 8-week study period and the number of @entity0 achieving a 40 or more SAR (SAR40). RESULTS: Fifty-seven and 53 @entity0 were randomly allocated to sequential and control strategies respectively. Baseline @entity0 characteristics and PU @entity3 features at inclusion were similar in the two groups. Mean +/- standard deviation SAR was significantly larger in the sequential treatment group (5.4 +/- 5.7 cm2 and 7.6 +/- 7.1 cm2 at 4 and 8 weeks) than in the control group (1.6 +/- 4.9 cm2 and 3.1 +/- 7.2 cm2, P< .001). In the sequential treatment group, 68.4 of the @entity0 reached SAR40 at 4 weeks and 75.4 at 8 weeks, proportions significantly larger than in the control group (22.6 and 58.5, respectively, P< .0001). Dressing tolerance was good in both strategies. CONCLUSIONS: In grade III or IV PUs, treatment using first @entity2 alginate dressings and then @entity4 dressings promotes @entity1 than treatment with @entity4 dressings alone.

title: Sequential treatment with @entity2 alginate dressings and @entity4 dressings accelerates pressure @entity3 in older subjects: a multicenter randomized trial of sequential versus nonsequential treatment with XXXX dressings alone.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To better understand the tradeoffs between the efficacy of anticoagulation with @entity9 and its side effects in the oldest old with nonrheumatic @entity8 ( @entity8 ). DESIGN: Cost-effectiveness analysis. SETTING: Published literature, including meta-analyses when available, and web-based sources. @entity0 : Those aged 65 to 100 with @entity8 . INTERVENTION: Anticoagulation with @entity9 . MEASUREMENTS: Quality-adjusted life expectancy and cost. RESULTS: Anticoagulation is not effective in @entity0 with @entity8 who do not have other risk factors, even in the oldest old. The best argument for its use (prolongation of life at an acceptable cost) can be made in those at major risk for @entity3 because of previous @entity3 or transient @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity4 , but poor quality of life before anticoagulation and comorbidities that carry their own risks of dying diminish benefits. The decision to anticoagulate the oldest old with @entity8 must take into consideration the risk of @entity3 and of death from @entity3 that existed before anticoagulation, the increased risk of @entity3 and of death from @entity3 while anticoagulated, and the efficacy of anticoagulation. Cost-effectiveness is also influenced by the cost of @entity9 , the risk of major extracranial @entity7 , the risk (natural and anticoagulated) of death from @entity3 , the rate of @entity5 , the cost of major extracranial @entity7 and @entity3 , the cost of nursing home care, and the fraction of @entity0 with @entity3 who need nursing home care. CONCLUSION: There is no compelling evidence to date that anticoagulation prolongs quality-adjusted life expectancy in the oldest old with nonrheumatic @entity8 . More studies that better estimate the risk of @entity6 with and without anticoagulation in the oldest old are needed before recommendations can be made. The oldest old who are most likely to benefit are those who have a high risk of @entity3 secondary to risk factors other than age alone, although quality of life and life expectancy related to these risk factors limit obtained benefit. Recommendations that all older @entity0 with @entity8 should be anticoagulated are premature.

title: Deciding on anticoagulating the oldest old with XXXX : insights from cost-effectiveness analysis.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Screening mammography as an adjunct to physical examination led to the discovery of 237 radiographically suspicious but nonpalpable breast lesions. Needle localization of the lesion preoperatively in the mammography suite followed by breast biopsy led to the diagnosis of 64 nonpalpable @entity5 , including 25 invasive, 16 minimally invasive, and 23 noninvasive @entity3 . Noninvasive and minimally invasive @entity3 were microscopic. Of the invasive lesions, 7 were 10 mm or less in diameter and 14 were 11 to 20 mm in diameter. Noninvasive and minimally invasive @entity3 tended to occur in younger @entity1 (average age 52 and 51 years, respectively), and almost uniformly appeared as clustered calcifications mammographically. @entity2 affected an older population (average age 65 years), and the mammographic appearance was that of a mass in the majority of cases. A variety of surgical procedures were carried out subsequent to biopsy to provide definite treatment of these nonpalpable @entity0 . A review of surgical specimens available from these procedures demonstrated a 27 percent incidence of @entity4 at the biopsy site. In @entity1 who underwent mastectomy, 34 percent had an unsuspected focus of @entity3 in another quadrant of the breast and an additional 14 percent had an unsuspected focus of epithelial atypia. No @entity1 with either noninvasive or minimally invasive @entity3 was found to have axillary lymph node @entity2 . Twenty-nine percent of @entity1 with invasive @entity3 demonstrated lymph node @entity2 in the axilla. Our results demonstrate the efficacy of preoperative needle localization to assist in the biopsy of nonpalpable breast lesions and the diagnosis of a significant number of early @entity0 . The treatment plan for @entity1 with these @entity3 must address the high incidence of @entity4 at the biopsy site, multicentricity, and the proved capacity for invasive lesions to metastasize to the axillary lymph nodes, regardless of the size of the @entity3 .

title: Nonpalpable XXXX : needle-localized biopsy for diagnosis and considerations for treatment.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The low-temperature e.p.r. and m.c.d. (magnetic-circular-dichroism) spectra of @entity0 @entity2 reductase, together with those of its partially and fully @entity3 -bound derivatives, were investigated. The m.c.d. spectra in the range 600-2000 nm indicate that the native axial ligands to haem c are @entity4 and @entity1 , and furthermore that it is the @entity1 ligand that must be displaced before @entity3 binding at this haem. The m.c.d. spectra in the range 1000-2000 nm contain no charge-transfer bands arising from low-spin ferric haem d1, a @entity5 . New optical transitions in the region 700-850 nm were found for the @entity3 adduct of haem d1. The g-values of haem d1 in the native enzyme are 2.51, 2.43 and 1.71, suggesting co-ordination by two @entity4 ligands in the oxidized state. There is clear evidence in the e.p.r. data of an interaction between the c and d1 haem groups. This is not apparent in the optical spectra. The results are interpreted in terms of haem groups that are remote from each other, their interaction being mediated through protein conformational changes. The possible implications of this in relation to reduction processes catalysed by the enzyme are considered.

title: An investigation of the ligand-binding properties of @entity0 XXXX reductase.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The low-temperature e.p.r. and m.c.d. (magnetic-circular-dichroism) spectra of @entity0 @entity2 reductase, together with those of its partially and fully @entity3 -bound derivatives, were investigated. The m.c.d. spectra in the range 600-2000 nm indicate that the native axial ligands to haem c are @entity4 and @entity1 , and furthermore that it is the @entity1 ligand that must be displaced before @entity3 binding at this haem. The m.c.d. spectra in the range 1000-2000 nm contain no charge-transfer bands arising from low-spin ferric haem d1, a @entity5 . New optical transitions in the region 700-850 nm were found for the @entity3 adduct of haem d1. The g-values of haem d1 in the native enzyme are 2.51, 2.43 and 1.71, suggesting co-ordination by two @entity4 ligands in the oxidized state. There is clear evidence in the e.p.r. data of an interaction between the c and d1 haem groups. This is not apparent in the optical spectra. The results are interpreted in terms of haem groups that are remote from each other, their interaction being mediated through protein conformational changes. The possible implications of this in relation to reduction processes catalysed by the enzyme are considered.

title: An investigation of the ligand-binding properties of XXXX @entity2 reductase.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: The present study describes the detection and quantification of the Sarocladium oryzae metabolites, @entity5 and @entity4 in extracts of @entity1 grains collected from plants infected with sheath rot. It also describes the phytotoxicity of these metabolites on @entity1 seedlings. METHODS AND RESULTS: @entity5 and @entity4 in sheath rot-infected @entity1 grains were detected using thin layer chromatography (TLC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. On the TLC plates @entity5 and @entity4 moved as brownish yellow spots and showed R(F) values of 0.61 and 0.49, respectively. A standard assay curve was developed on the basis of selective @entity0 of @entity5 towards Calvibacter michiganensis ATCC 2140 and @entity4 towards @entity2 1150. The amounts of @entity5 and @entity4 on the basis of standard assay curve were 2.2 and 1.75 microg g(-1) of infected seeds. Treatment of IR 36 @entity1 seedlings with metabolites induced @entity3 and reduced shoot length by 20%, root length by 30% and root number by 7% relative to control. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 and @entity4 were detected in infected @entity1 grains and these metabolites induced @entity3 and reduced the seed viability and seedling health of @entity1 . SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Antimicrobial and phytotoxic metabolites, @entity5 and @entity4 are present in infected grains and reduce the seed viability and seedling health. These metabolites may increase the pathogenic potential and survival of S. oryzae in @entity1 seed by competing with other seed-borne fungi.

title: Detection and quantification of phytotoxic metabolites of Sarocladium oryzae in sheath rot-infected grains of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity1 ( @entity3 ), and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are more common in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). However, the prevalence of these conditions in @entity0 undergoing transplantation, and the clinical characteristics associated with their occurrence are unclear. METHODS: At our institution, the majority of @entity0 undergo an ipsilateral native nephrectomy at the time of transplantation, providing a unique opportunity to study the prevalence and pathology of @entity1 , @entity3 and @entity5 in @entity2 . We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive nephrectomy pathology reports over a six year period. Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with these lesions were identified. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty nephrectomy reports were reviewed: @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity6 were found in 33%, 14%, 4.2% and 0.6% of cases, respectively. On multivariable analysis, @entity1 was positively associated with male sex and longer dialysis duration and negatively associated with peritoneal dialysis. Similarly, @entity3 was positively associated with male sex, longer dialysis duration and greater age. There was a trend for @entity5 cases to share similar associations although the small total number of cases precluded findings of statistical significance. CONCLUSION: By pathologic analysis, @entity4 are more common in the pre-transplant @entity2 population than previously reported (using radiologic methods). Our study also identifies risk factors for their occurrence. This may prove useful in designing screening studies for @entity4 in this @entity0 population.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in @entity0 with @entity2 pre-transplantation: a pathologic analysis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity1 ( @entity3 ), and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are more common in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). However, the prevalence of these conditions in @entity0 undergoing transplantation, and the clinical characteristics associated with their occurrence are unclear. METHODS: At our institution, the majority of @entity0 undergo an ipsilateral native nephrectomy at the time of transplantation, providing a unique opportunity to study the prevalence and pathology of @entity1 , @entity3 and @entity5 in @entity2 . We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive nephrectomy pathology reports over a six year period. Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with these lesions were identified. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty nephrectomy reports were reviewed: @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity6 were found in 33%, 14%, 4.2% and 0.6% of cases, respectively. On multivariable analysis, @entity1 was positively associated with male sex and longer dialysis duration and negatively associated with peritoneal dialysis. Similarly, @entity3 was positively associated with male sex, longer dialysis duration and greater age. There was a trend for @entity5 cases to share similar associations although the small total number of cases precluded findings of statistical significance. CONCLUSION: By pathologic analysis, @entity4 are more common in the pre-transplant @entity2 population than previously reported (using radiologic methods). Our study also identifies risk factors for their occurrence. This may prove useful in designing screening studies for @entity4 in this @entity0 population.

title: Prevalence of @entity5 in @entity0 with XXXX pre-transplantation: a pathologic analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity1 ( @entity3 ), and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are more common in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). However, the prevalence of these conditions in @entity0 undergoing transplantation, and the clinical characteristics associated with their occurrence are unclear. METHODS: At our institution, the majority of @entity0 undergo an ipsilateral native nephrectomy at the time of transplantation, providing a unique opportunity to study the prevalence and pathology of @entity1 , @entity3 and @entity5 in @entity2 . We retrospectively reviewed all consecutive nephrectomy pathology reports over a six year period. Demographic and clinical characteristics associated with these lesions were identified. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixty nephrectomy reports were reviewed: @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity6 were found in 33%, 14%, 4.2% and 0.6% of cases, respectively. On multivariable analysis, @entity1 was positively associated with male sex and longer dialysis duration and negatively associated with peritoneal dialysis. Similarly, @entity3 was positively associated with male sex, longer dialysis duration and greater age. There was a trend for @entity5 cases to share similar associations although the small total number of cases precluded findings of statistical significance. CONCLUSION: By pathologic analysis, @entity4 are more common in the pre-transplant @entity2 population than previously reported (using radiologic methods). Our study also identifies risk factors for their occurrence. This may prove useful in designing screening studies for @entity4 in this @entity0 population.

title: Prevalence of @entity5 in XXXX with @entity2 pre-transplantation: a pathologic analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The value of high-resolution computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of @entity1 has recently been stressed, especially of the coronal view with contrast enhancement. Analysis of the CT scans of 33 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) secreting @entity1 was done (11 cases of microadenomas, 7 cases of intrasellar @entity0 and 15 cases of macroadenomas with suprasellar extension). In macroadenomas, the density was high in five cases, high with isodense portion in two cases, mixed in four cases, isodense in three cases, and isodense and low dense in one case. Six @entity0 showed homogeneous density and nine were heterogeneous. After contrast enhancement, two cases showed marked enhancement, ten cases mild and three cases ring enhancement. Margin of @entity0 was smooth in nine cases and irregular in six. Among seven cases of intrasellar @entity0 one accompanied primary @entity3 . In microadenomas ten of eleven cases had hypodense mass inside the normally enhanced pituitary gland. The margin was ill-defined in seven cases and well-defined in three. Eight cases had pituitary height 7 mm or more. Upper surface of the pituitary gland was convex upward in five cases, flat in four and concave in two. Deviation of pituitary stalk was found in seven cases. Bony changes of sellar floor were recognized in three cases. There was a tendency that serum @entity2 level increased with the increment of the size of @entity0 . Serum @entity2 levels in @entity0 with ring enhancement were lower than those in the homogeneously enhanced @entity0 of similar size. One case with marked enhancement showed the highest @entity2 level among all @entity0 of the presented series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [CT findings of XXXX secreting @entity1 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The value of high-resolution computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of @entity1 has recently been stressed, especially of the coronal view with contrast enhancement. Analysis of the CT scans of 33 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) secreting @entity1 was done (11 cases of microadenomas, 7 cases of intrasellar @entity0 and 15 cases of macroadenomas with suprasellar extension). In macroadenomas, the density was high in five cases, high with isodense portion in two cases, mixed in four cases, isodense in three cases, and isodense and low dense in one case. Six @entity0 showed homogeneous density and nine were heterogeneous. After contrast enhancement, two cases showed marked enhancement, ten cases mild and three cases ring enhancement. Margin of @entity0 was smooth in nine cases and irregular in six. Among seven cases of intrasellar @entity0 one accompanied primary @entity3 . In microadenomas ten of eleven cases had hypodense mass inside the normally enhanced pituitary gland. The margin was ill-defined in seven cases and well-defined in three. Eight cases had pituitary height 7 mm or more. Upper surface of the pituitary gland was convex upward in five cases, flat in four and concave in two. Deviation of pituitary stalk was found in seven cases. Bony changes of sellar floor were recognized in three cases. There was a tendency that serum @entity2 level increased with the increment of the size of @entity0 . Serum @entity2 levels in @entity0 with ring enhancement were lower than those in the homogeneously enhanced @entity0 of similar size. One case with marked enhancement showed the highest @entity2 level among all @entity0 of the presented series.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [CT findings of @entity2 secreting XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Plasma free @entity4 ( @entity6 ) play important physiological roles in skeletal muscle, heart, liver and pancreas. However, chronically elevated plasma @entity6 appear to have pathophysiological consequences. Elevated @entity6 concentrations are linked with the onset of peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance and, while the precise action in the liver remains unclear, a model to explain the role of raised @entity6 in the development of skeletal muscle insulin resistance has recently been put forward. Over 30 years ago, Randle proposed that @entity6 compete with @entity3 as the major energy substrate in cardiac muscle, leading to decreased @entity3 oxidation when @entity6 are elevated. Recent data indicate that high plasma @entity6 also have a significant role in contributing to insulin resistance. Elevated @entity6 and intracellular lipid appear to inhibit insulin signalling, leading to a reduction in insulin-stimulated muscle @entity3 transport that may be mediated by a decrease in @entity5 translocation. The resulting suppression of muscle @entity3 transport leads to reduced muscle glycogen synthesis and glycolysis. In the liver, elevated @entity6 may contribute to hyperglycaemia by antagonizing the effects of insulin on endogenous @entity3 production. @entity6 also affect insulin secretion, although the nature of this relationship remains a subject for debate. Finally, evidence is discussed that @entity6 represent a crucial link between insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction and, as such, a reduction in elevated plasma @entity6 should be an important therapeutic target in @entity1 and @entity2 2 @entity0 .

title: Free XXXX in @entity1 and @entity2 2 @entity0 : defining their role in the development of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction.

answer: @entity4