abstract: The involvement of @entity2 and @entity6 receptors in @entity8 was studied by intracerebroventricular injections of @entity2 , GDEE, @entity6 and @entity7 in WAG/Rij @entity1 . The WAG/Rij @entity1 is recognized as an animal model for @entity0 @entity5 . EEG registrations showed that @entity2 (0.1 pmol/5 microliters; 1 pmol/5 microliters; 10 pmol/5 microliters) dose-dependently increased the nonconvulsive @entity5 while GDEE (0.2 mumol/5 microliters; 1 mumol/5 microliters; 5 umol/5 microliters) caused a dose-dependent decrease. All effects of GDEE could be blocked by an inactive @entity2 dosage. @entity6 (0.01 nmol/5 microliters; 0.1 nmol/5 microliters; 0.15 nmol/5 microliters) had no effects on the @entity8 but induced @entity4 in the two highest dosages. @entity7 (50 nmol/5 microliters; 100 nmol/5 microliters; 500 nmol/5 microliters) decreased dose-dependently the incidence of @entity8 . The effect of @entity7 could be blocked by a nonconvulsive dosage of @entity6 . These results show that the @entity2 and @entity6 receptor appear to be involved in @entity8 . Furthermore, blockage of these two receptor subtypes led to an antiepileptic effect without inducing behavioural alterations. Therefore, selective @entity2 and @entity6 receptor antagonists might be potent anti- @entity3 .

title: The WAG/Rij XXXX model for nonconvulsive @entity5 : involvement of nonNMDA receptors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Over a ten year period, 5,954 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were hospitalized in our Institution. Of these, 1,000 cases were randomly chosen for the present study. Surgery was performed in 930 @entity0 : transurethral resection (TUR) in 665 (72%) and open prostatectomy in 265 (28%). The pathological analyses revealed @entity3 in 36 @entity0 (4%). Seven @entity0 were excluded: 5 due to a short follow-up (less than one year), one who had died from @entity5 immediately postoperatively and one who had developed @entity1 a few months after the operation. The age of the 29 evaluable @entity0 ranged from 53 to 91 years (mean 72.7 years) and the overall mean follow-up was 43 months. Eighteen @entity0 staged A1 were treated conservatively and followed from 12 to 127 months (mean 53.5 months). Two @entity0 (11%) showed progression, one locally at 42 months (5.5%) and one developed bone @entity1 at 15 months (5.5%) and died at 27 months (Mortality: 5.5%). Of the eleven @entity0 with stage A2 @entity3 , 7 were managed conservatively (watchful waiting), 1 underwent radical prostatectomy and 3 received early hormone therapy for undifferentiated lesions. Five @entity0 progressed (45%), including the three @entity0 treated with early hormone therapy, 3 local (27%) and 2 systemic (18%). Two of the 11 @entity0 died from @entity2 (18%) and 2 from unrelated causes. The Gleason grading system and @entity2 volume (focal or diffuse) were compared as prognostic factors using the Kaplan-Meyer and log-rank test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Determination of prognostic factors in incidental XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Treatment of @entity2 has been associated with a high mortality. The causes of @entity1 were analysed in this paper by retrospective study of the records of 11 @entity2 patients. The serum @entity4 (T4) and @entity3 (T3) levels were estimated retrospectively from the amounts of hormone given to the @entity0 by a two-compartment model. Seven @entity0 died and 4 survived. The @entity0 who died were significantly older (78.9 +/- 2.2 years, mean +/- SEM) than those who survived (66.8 +/- 3.7 years). The initial heart rate was lower in the decreased group, but both groups had increased their heart rate on treatment. The surviving @entity0 showed an increase in body temperature during the first 3 days of treatment, in contrast to the @entity0 who eventually died. The deceased @entity0 had received larger amounts of thyroid hormone and had calculated levels of T3 that were nearly twice as high as those of the surviving @entity0 . Old age and a high serum level of T3 are determinants for the fatal outcome of @entity2 . Our analysis underscores the importance of using a cautious replacement regimen in @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Treatment of XXXX --factors associated with fatal outcome.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity0 with surgically resected @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: After @entity1 removal and thorough surgical staging, @entity0 were enrolled on this study and treated with three courses of @entity6 , @entity8 , and @entity7 ( @entity11 ). Reassessment laparotomy was required of consenting, appropriate @entity0 initially, but became an optional procedure in 1989. RESULTS: Of 93 @entity0 assessable on this trial, 89 are continuously free of @entity1 . At second-look laparotomy, two other @entity0 were found to have small foci of @entity3 ; both remain clinically free of recurrence. One received subsequent alternate chemotherapy and one did not. Thus, 91 of 93 @entity0 are currently free of @entity1 . Follow-up duration ranges from 4.0 to 90.3 months, with 67 @entity0 monitored for longer than 2 years. Acute @entity4 was moderate. One @entity0 developed @entity10 22 months after diagnosis. Another @entity0 was noted to have a @entity5 69 months after protocol treatment. CONCLUSION: Three courses of BEP will nearly always prevent recurrence in well-staged @entity0 with completely resected @entity2 and should be given to all such @entity0 . The development of @entity9 as a complication of treatment is disturbing and mandates careful long-term follow-up, but is unusual and does not alter the risk-to-benefit ratio of treatment.

title: Adjuvant therapy of @entity2 with XXXX , @entity8 , and @entity7 : a trial of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity0 with surgically resected @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: After @entity1 removal and thorough surgical staging, @entity0 were enrolled on this study and treated with three courses of @entity6 , @entity8 , and @entity7 ( @entity11 ). Reassessment laparotomy was required of consenting, appropriate @entity0 initially, but became an optional procedure in 1989. RESULTS: Of 93 @entity0 assessable on this trial, 89 are continuously free of @entity1 . At second-look laparotomy, two other @entity0 were found to have small foci of @entity3 ; both remain clinically free of recurrence. One received subsequent alternate chemotherapy and one did not. Thus, 91 of 93 @entity0 are currently free of @entity1 . Follow-up duration ranges from 4.0 to 90.3 months, with 67 @entity0 monitored for longer than 2 years. Acute @entity4 was moderate. One @entity0 developed @entity10 22 months after diagnosis. Another @entity0 was noted to have a @entity5 69 months after protocol treatment. CONCLUSION: Three courses of BEP will nearly always prevent recurrence in well-staged @entity0 with completely resected @entity2 and should be given to all such @entity0 . The development of @entity9 as a complication of treatment is disturbing and mandates careful long-term follow-up, but is unusual and does not alter the risk-to-benefit ratio of treatment.

title: Adjuvant therapy of @entity2 with @entity6 , XXXX , and @entity7 : a trial of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity0 with surgically resected @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: After @entity1 removal and thorough surgical staging, @entity0 were enrolled on this study and treated with three courses of @entity6 , @entity8 , and @entity7 ( @entity11 ). Reassessment laparotomy was required of consenting, appropriate @entity0 initially, but became an optional procedure in 1989. RESULTS: Of 93 @entity0 assessable on this trial, 89 are continuously free of @entity1 . At second-look laparotomy, two other @entity0 were found to have small foci of @entity3 ; both remain clinically free of recurrence. One received subsequent alternate chemotherapy and one did not. Thus, 91 of 93 @entity0 are currently free of @entity1 . Follow-up duration ranges from 4.0 to 90.3 months, with 67 @entity0 monitored for longer than 2 years. Acute @entity4 was moderate. One @entity0 developed @entity10 22 months after diagnosis. Another @entity0 was noted to have a @entity5 69 months after protocol treatment. CONCLUSION: Three courses of BEP will nearly always prevent recurrence in well-staged @entity0 with completely resected @entity2 and should be given to all such @entity0 . The development of @entity9 as a complication of treatment is disturbing and mandates careful long-term follow-up, but is unusual and does not alter the risk-to-benefit ratio of treatment.

title: Adjuvant therapy of @entity2 with @entity6 , @entity8 , and XXXX : a trial of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine the effectiveness of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity0 with surgically resected @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: After @entity1 removal and thorough surgical staging, @entity0 were enrolled on this study and treated with three courses of @entity6 , @entity8 , and @entity7 ( @entity11 ). Reassessment laparotomy was required of consenting, appropriate @entity0 initially, but became an optional procedure in 1989. RESULTS: Of 93 @entity0 assessable on this trial, 89 are continuously free of @entity1 . At second-look laparotomy, two other @entity0 were found to have small foci of @entity3 ; both remain clinically free of recurrence. One received subsequent alternate chemotherapy and one did not. Thus, 91 of 93 @entity0 are currently free of @entity1 . Follow-up duration ranges from 4.0 to 90.3 months, with 67 @entity0 monitored for longer than 2 years. Acute @entity4 was moderate. One @entity0 developed @entity10 22 months after diagnosis. Another @entity0 was noted to have a @entity5 69 months after protocol treatment. CONCLUSION: Three courses of BEP will nearly always prevent recurrence in well-staged @entity0 with completely resected @entity2 and should be given to all such @entity0 . The development of @entity9 as a complication of treatment is disturbing and mandates careful long-term follow-up, but is unusual and does not alter the risk-to-benefit ratio of treatment.

title: Adjuvant therapy of XXXX with @entity6 , @entity8 , and @entity7 : a trial of the Gynecologic Oncology Group.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Vaginal exposures to talc and other particulates may play an etiologic role in @entity2 . Surgical sterilization may protect against @entity2 by blocking entry of such particulates into the peritoneal cavity. The authors assessed histories of talcum powder use, tubal sterilization, and hysterectomy with ovarian conservation in 188 @entity0 in the San Francisco Bay Area with epithelial @entity2 diagnosed in 1983-1985 and in 539 control @entity0 . To investigate the roles of blood-borne environmental exposures on @entity2 risk, they assessed lifetime consumption of coffee, @entity4 , and @entity3 in these @entity0 . Of the 539 controls, 280 were hospitalized @entity0 without @entity1 , and 259 were chosen from the general population by random digit telephone dialing. Ninety-seven (52%) of the @entity1 @entity0 habitually used talcum powder on the perineum, compared with 247 (46%) of the controls. Adjusted for parity, the relative risk (RR) = 1.40, p = 0.06. There were no statistically significant trends with increasing frequency or duration of talc use, and @entity0 did not differ from controls in use of talc on sanitary pads and/or contraceptive diaphragms. Fewer @entity2 @entity0 (7%) than controls (13%) reported prior fallopian tube ligation (RR, adjusted for parity, = 0.56, p = 0.06), and fewer @entity0 (20%) than controls (28%) reported prior hysterectomy (RR = 0.66, p = 0.05). The protective effect of hysterectomy was confined to those who underwent this surgery 10 or more years prior to interview and to those who had not undergone prior tubal sterilization. Consumption of cigarettes and @entity3 did not differ between cases and controls. By contrast, 11 (6%) cases never regularly consumed coffee, compared with 31 (11%) hospital controls and 26 (10%) population controls (RR, adjusted for smoking, = 2.2, p = 0.03, for the comparison using all controls). Overall, @entity2 risk among @entity0 who had drunk coffee for more than 40 years was 3.4 times that of @entity0 who had never regularly consumed coffee (p less than 0.01). However, the data exhibited no clear trends in risk with increasing consumption. Although risk ratios relating duration of coffee @entity2 were unaffected by adjustment for several characteristics, further study is needed to exclude potential confounding by other unmeasured characteristics.

title: Personal and environmental characteristics related to @entity2 . II. Exposures to talcum powder, @entity4 , XXXX , and coffee.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Vaginal exposures to talc and other particulates may play an etiologic role in @entity2 . Surgical sterilization may protect against @entity2 by blocking entry of such particulates into the peritoneal cavity. The authors assessed histories of talcum powder use, tubal sterilization, and hysterectomy with ovarian conservation in 188 @entity0 in the San Francisco Bay Area with epithelial @entity2 diagnosed in 1983-1985 and in 539 control @entity0 . To investigate the roles of blood-borne environmental exposures on @entity2 risk, they assessed lifetime consumption of coffee, @entity4 , and @entity3 in these @entity0 . Of the 539 controls, 280 were hospitalized @entity0 without @entity1 , and 259 were chosen from the general population by random digit telephone dialing. Ninety-seven (52%) of the @entity1 @entity0 habitually used talcum powder on the perineum, compared with 247 (46%) of the controls. Adjusted for parity, the relative risk (RR) = 1.40, p = 0.06. There were no statistically significant trends with increasing frequency or duration of talc use, and @entity0 did not differ from controls in use of talc on sanitary pads and/or contraceptive diaphragms. Fewer @entity2 @entity0 (7%) than controls (13%) reported prior fallopian tube ligation (RR, adjusted for parity, = 0.56, p = 0.06), and fewer @entity0 (20%) than controls (28%) reported prior hysterectomy (RR = 0.66, p = 0.05). The protective effect of hysterectomy was confined to those who underwent this surgery 10 or more years prior to interview and to those who had not undergone prior tubal sterilization. Consumption of cigarettes and @entity3 did not differ between cases and controls. By contrast, 11 (6%) cases never regularly consumed coffee, compared with 31 (11%) hospital controls and 26 (10%) population controls (RR, adjusted for smoking, = 2.2, p = 0.03, for the comparison using all controls). Overall, @entity2 risk among @entity0 who had drunk coffee for more than 40 years was 3.4 times that of @entity0 who had never regularly consumed coffee (p less than 0.01). However, the data exhibited no clear trends in risk with increasing consumption. Although risk ratios relating duration of coffee @entity2 were unaffected by adjustment for several characteristics, further study is needed to exclude potential confounding by other unmeasured characteristics.

title: Personal and environmental characteristics related to XXXX . II. Exposures to talcum powder, @entity4 , @entity3 , and coffee.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Vaginal exposures to talc and other particulates may play an etiologic role in @entity2 . Surgical sterilization may protect against @entity2 by blocking entry of such particulates into the peritoneal cavity. The authors assessed histories of talcum powder use, tubal sterilization, and hysterectomy with ovarian conservation in 188 @entity0 in the San Francisco Bay Area with epithelial @entity2 diagnosed in 1983-1985 and in 539 control @entity0 . To investigate the roles of blood-borne environmental exposures on @entity2 risk, they assessed lifetime consumption of coffee, @entity4 , and @entity3 in these @entity0 . Of the 539 controls, 280 were hospitalized @entity0 without @entity1 , and 259 were chosen from the general population by random digit telephone dialing. Ninety-seven (52%) of the @entity1 @entity0 habitually used talcum powder on the perineum, compared with 247 (46%) of the controls. Adjusted for parity, the relative risk (RR) = 1.40, p = 0.06. There were no statistically significant trends with increasing frequency or duration of talc use, and @entity0 did not differ from controls in use of talc on sanitary pads and/or contraceptive diaphragms. Fewer @entity2 @entity0 (7%) than controls (13%) reported prior fallopian tube ligation (RR, adjusted for parity, = 0.56, p = 0.06), and fewer @entity0 (20%) than controls (28%) reported prior hysterectomy (RR = 0.66, p = 0.05). The protective effect of hysterectomy was confined to those who underwent this surgery 10 or more years prior to interview and to those who had not undergone prior tubal sterilization. Consumption of cigarettes and @entity3 did not differ between cases and controls. By contrast, 11 (6%) cases never regularly consumed coffee, compared with 31 (11%) hospital controls and 26 (10%) population controls (RR, adjusted for smoking, = 2.2, p = 0.03, for the comparison using all controls). Overall, @entity2 risk among @entity0 who had drunk coffee for more than 40 years was 3.4 times that of @entity0 who had never regularly consumed coffee (p less than 0.01). However, the data exhibited no clear trends in risk with increasing consumption. Although risk ratios relating duration of coffee @entity2 were unaffected by adjustment for several characteristics, further study is needed to exclude potential confounding by other unmeasured characteristics.

title: Personal and environmental characteristics related to @entity2 . II. Exposures to talcum powder, XXXX , @entity3 , and coffee.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The clinical, hemodynamic, surgical, and pathologic findings in 30 @entity0 who required mitral valvular surgery and who had a preoperative diagnosis of @entity8 were reviewed. The mean age of the @entity0 was 59.5 years; 28 @entity0 were over 45 years of age and 10 were over 60 years. Surprisingly, 20 were males. A long history of systolic murmur was common, whereas symptoms of @entity4 were of abrupt onset. At the time of surgery, a local holosystolic murmur typical of @entity1 was present, although a mid- to late systolic click was not heard in any of the @entity0 . @entity5 were present in all @entity0 , with 13 @entity0 demonstrating @entity6 . Only four @entity0 had a normal heart size radiographically. Echocardiography confirmed the radiographic findings, in that 27 @entity0 demonstrated left @entity7 . All 29 @entity0 undergoing cardiac catheterization and angiography demonstrated a prolapsing mitral valve with severe regurgitation. Surgical and pathologic examination revealed findings characteristic of a @entity2 in all @entity0 , with 19 also demonstrating @entity3 . This study demonstrates that @entity4 requiring valvular surgery occurs in a subset of @entity0 with @entity8 . In this subset, males predominate and most are over 50 years of age. These @entity0 may be asymptomatic for many years, demonstrating mild to moderate mitral @entity2 , before @entity4 develops.

title: XXXX requiring surgery. Clinical and pathologic study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Inward currents in the somatic membrane of dissociated @entity0 dorsal root ganglion neurons have been studied in two groups of animals (17 days of embryonic development and the first day after birth) by suction pipette (whole-cell configuration) and voltage-clamp techniques. Altogether 157 neurons were examined. Four components in the inward currents have been identified: fast @entity2 -sensitive (INaf) and slow @entity2 insensitive (INas) @entity3 , low-(ICal) and high-threshold (ICah) @entity1 currents. The percentage of neurons demonstrating four types of inward currents INaf, INas, ICal, ICah increased from 21% in embryo to 61% in newborn. The percentage of neurons with INaf, INas and ICah increased from 4% in embryonic to 14% in the first day after birth. The percentage of cells with INaf, ICal and ICah (without @entity2 -insensitive INas) decreased from 56 to 11% in embryo and newborn @entity0 , respectively. A statistically significant linear correlation was found between the densities of INaf and ICah currents for both ages. A correlation also occurred between the densities of INas and ICah. A reciprocal relation between the densities of both types of @entity1 currents and the size of cell soma was found in the neurons with all four types of inward currents from newborn animals. A comparison of these data with previous study of inward currents during postnatal development indicates that the most dramatic changes in their distributions and mean densities takes place some time after the birth of the animals.

title: Comparative analysis of ionic currents in the somatic membrane of embryonic and newborn XXXX sensory neurons.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The acute relationships between the urinary excretion of @entity3 and water and renal perfusion pressure were characterized in the @entity0 using a new in vivo model of pressure diuresis. Neural and hormonal influences on the kidney were held constant by denervating the kidney and by maintaining fixed high plasma levels of vasopressin, @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity1 levels by intravenous infusion. Renal perfusion pressure (RPP) was varied above and below control using specially designed aortic clamps. Increasing RPP within the autoregulatory range from 90 to 160 mmHg produced 5- to 20-fold increases in urine flow and @entity3 excretion with no detectable changes in glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, or peritubular capillary pressure. The slope of the line relating urine flow and RPP averaged 2 microliter X min-1 X kidney-1 X mmHg-1 rise in RPP. If RPP was first lowered to 90 mmHg, urine flow could be doubled by increasing RPP by as little as 5 mmHg. Uninephrectomy 7-12 days before an experiment did not alter the renal pressure diuresis relationship. The presence of intact renal nerves, however, was found to shift the relationship between urine flow and RPP to the right. The magnitude of the response produced by elevations in pressure using this new model of pressure diuresis was greater than when RPP was increased using carotid occlusion or @entity4 infusion as in previous studies. The results indicate that small changes in arterial pressure may have a greater influence on @entity3 and water excretion than has been previously recognized.

title: Characterization of a new model for the study of pressure-natriuresis in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Exposure of the lumbosacral spinal cord of early postnatal @entity0 to X-rays reduces the glial populations within the irradiated region. The present study examines the ability of axons of a dorsal root subjected to a crush-freeze lesion to grow back into this @entity1 spinal cord environment, in contrast to the non-irradiated @entity0 . Ultrastructural examination of the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) 60 days after root injury revealed a well-formed astrocytic scar in this zone and adjacent regions of spinal cord in non-irradiated @entity0 . In contrast, scar formation did not occur in irradiated root-lesioned animals in which the astrocytic response was quite limited. Axons were present in the DREZ and underlying spinal cord in irradiated root-lesioned @entity0 at this time but were absent from these regions in the non-irradiated lesioned controls. These ultrastructural findings are highly suggestive that axons are capable of regrowth into the irradiated spinal cord. Axonal regrowth was assessed further by tracing techniques after application of a combination of @entity3 -labeled @entity2 germ agglutinin and horseradish @entity3 to the cut end of the root distal to the previously injured site. Labeled axons were readily identified within the spinal gray matter in irradiated lesioned but not in the non-irradiated lesioned @entity0 . These data, together with the ultrastructural observations, are supportive of regrowth of the dorsal root axons into the spinal cord. The radiation-induced changes in the glial populations are discussed with regard to conversion of a normally non-permissive environment into one conducive for axonal regrowth.

title: Regrowth of dorsal root axons into a radiation-induced XXXX environment in the spinal cord.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sweat @entity3 with clear cell features are extremely rare @entity2 , with few well documented cases reported in the literature. METHODS: Data on nine @entity0 with @entity2 characterized by a prominent clear cell neoplastic component were studied. Immunohistochemical stains with a panel of antibodies against epithelial, stromal, and neural antigens were performed on five @entity2 and electron microscopic examination of one. RESULTS: The @entity2 showed a spectrum of histologic features and growth patterns that ranged from well differentiated, low grade @entity2 to poorly differentiated, highly aggressive, recurrent, and metastasizing @entity2 . All @entity2 contained a varied proportion of cells with abundant clear cytoplasm, similar to those seen in a group of @entity2 that have been variously designated as clear cell hidradenoma, @entity5 , @entity4 , and eccrine @entity5 . Immunohistochemical stains on five @entity2 and ultrastructural examination in one were consistent with eccrine differentiation. Clinical follow-up of eight @entity0 showed local recurrence in six, followed by metastases in three, despite local excision, radiation, and chemotherapy. Criteria for differentiating these @entity2 from their benign counterparts and from other types of @entity2 and metastatic lesions are presented. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that @entity4 comprise a heterogeneous group of lesions that may range from locally recurring, low grade well differentiated @entity2 to highly aggressive, high grade @entity2 with a definite potential for uncontrollable local recurrence and @entity1 . Wide surgical excision is recommended as the primary treatment for such @entity2 .

title: XXXX of the skin. A clinicopathologic study of nine @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sweat @entity3 with clear cell features are extremely rare @entity2 , with few well documented cases reported in the literature. METHODS: Data on nine @entity0 with @entity2 characterized by a prominent clear cell neoplastic component were studied. Immunohistochemical stains with a panel of antibodies against epithelial, stromal, and neural antigens were performed on five @entity2 and electron microscopic examination of one. RESULTS: The @entity2 showed a spectrum of histologic features and growth patterns that ranged from well differentiated, low grade @entity2 to poorly differentiated, highly aggressive, recurrent, and metastasizing @entity2 . All @entity2 contained a varied proportion of cells with abundant clear cytoplasm, similar to those seen in a group of @entity2 that have been variously designated as clear cell hidradenoma, @entity5 , @entity4 , and eccrine @entity5 . Immunohistochemical stains on five @entity2 and ultrastructural examination in one were consistent with eccrine differentiation. Clinical follow-up of eight @entity0 showed local recurrence in six, followed by metastases in three, despite local excision, radiation, and chemotherapy. Criteria for differentiating these @entity2 from their benign counterparts and from other types of @entity2 and metastatic lesions are presented. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that @entity4 comprise a heterogeneous group of lesions that may range from locally recurring, low grade well differentiated @entity2 to highly aggressive, high grade @entity2 with a definite potential for uncontrollable local recurrence and @entity1 . Wide surgical excision is recommended as the primary treatment for such @entity2 .

title: @entity4 of the skin. A clinicopathologic study of nine XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Nineteen cases of @entity4 without @entity6 and seven cases with @entity6 are discussed. Twenty-five involved the hand, wrist, palm, and finger, and one case involved the foot. Nineteen @entity0 had isolated fibrofatty enlargement of nerve, while seven had @entity6 in addition to the peripheral nerve changes. Involved nerves included the median nerve, ulnar nerve, an unidentified nerve near the elbow, and a nerve on the dorsum of the foot. Four of nine @entity0 with neurologic symptoms of @entity2 or paresthesias had physical findings compatible with @entity5 , and two others were described as having @entity3 . Most @entity0 had been aware of a mass for several years. Microscopically, the lesion was characterized by fibrofatty enlargement of nerve with massive epineural and perineural @entity1 . In two of the cases with @entity6 , the fibrofatty enlargement of the nerve was associated with overgrowth of bone and the surrounding subcutaneous tissues. In one case, the perineural @entity1 was associated with metaplastic bone. The histogenesis of fibrofatty overgrowth of nerve has been disputed. Mature fat cells have been described within the normal nerve sheath, and it is thought that proliferation of these cells leads to the fatty enlargement of the nerve and its coverings. The relationship of these neural changes to the development of @entity6 remains controversial. Follow-up in 18 @entity0 (69%) reveals a benign course following biopsy, limited excision, or division of the flexor retinaculum in the wrist.

title: XXXX . A clinicopathologic analysis of 26 cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Upper @entity1 has been applied successfully in the management of @entity0 with @entity2 . In one group of @entity0 after gastrectomy with a Roux-Y limb obstructed at the level of the transverse mesocolon, the endoscope was manipulated into this segment, and the tip was deflected in four directions with release of the kink. Conventional wisdom depends heavily on the interpretation of the upper gastrointestinal series, which in all five @entity0 in this report proved to be incorrect. It was only through the endoscopic examination that the anastomoses were found to be patent, and the kinked segment of jejunum, once identified, could be released by endoscopic manipulation. Two @entity0 required repeat endoscopy, and at last follow-up, all @entity0 were eating well with no recurrence of symptoms. In the second group of @entity0 with @entity2 who normally would be considered for Miller-Abbott tube management, it was possible to decompress the stomach, duodenum, and upper jejunum endoscopically with immediate clinical and radiographic improvement. In addition, it was also possible to place the Miller-Abbott tube into the small bowel at the same time and thus avoid the 2 to 3 days of delay in advancing the tube beyond the pylorus. All @entity0 had improvement and there were no complications. Although two required laparotomy several weeks later, they too were improved by the endoscopic procedures. The immediate decompression and rapid intubation represent significant advances in the management of @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Endoscopic decompression in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are thought to be important regulators of adrenocortical growth and steroidogenesis. IGFs are usually complexed with a family of specific IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in serum, other body fluids, and in conditioned media of a variety of cell types. IGFBPs may either inhibit or potentiate the effects of IGFs. In the present study we have investigated the gene expression of the IGFBPs and IGF receptors in @entity0 fetal ( @entity8 ) and adult (HAA) adrenals. Northern blotting and/or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) methods were used. IGFBP secretion into the cell culture medium was studied in primary cell cultures by Western ligand blotting and by radioimmunoassays. @entity5 mRNA expression was low in adrenals: Northern blots were negative, but RT-PCR revealed @entity5 mRNA in @entity8 . @entity6 mRNA was equally expressed in both @entity8 and HAA with no differences in signal intensities by Northern blotting. @entity4 mRNA was detected in @entity8 but not in HAA by Northern blotting. @entity7 mRNA was expressed equally in both @entity8 and HAA. @entity9 mRNA expression was more abundant in HAA than in @entity8 . @entity1 and type I and type II IGF receptor mRNAs were equally expressed in both @entity8 and HAA. @entity2 ( @entity3 ), a protein kinase regulator, upregulated @entity5 in @entity8 cultures as determined by RIA, but ACTH was without effect. @entity6 was not regulated by @entity3 or ACTH neither at protein nor at mRNA level. @entity4 was downregulated by @entity3 both at protein and mRNA levels, but it was not affected by ACTH.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Insulin-like growth factor binding proteins in the XXXX adrenal gland.

answer: @entity0


abstract: beta-Adrenergic blockade alleviates @entity3 , probably largely through @entity0 . We hypothesized that the negative inotropic effect of beta-blockade, which is believed to be potentially dangerous, is attenuated in underperfused hearts with an acute @entity6 . We studied the effect of intravenous @entity5 (1 mg/kg i.v.) in feline hearts with acute circumflex coronary artery (LCX) occlusion by cross-oriented segments in normally perfused and mildly underperfused left ventricular (LV) anterior wall. A control group (n = 10) was compared with a @entity4 group (n = 9) in which the mean coronary perfusion pressure was reduced (91 +/- 4 g vs. 136 +/- 5 mm Hg, p < 0.01). End-systolic pressure-length (ESP-ESL) relations during dynamic afterload increase and preload reduction were calculated to evaluate regional inotropy. HR and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) decreased in both groups after beta-blockade (p < 0.05). Subendocardial and mid-myocardial blood flow measured by radiolabeled microspheres decreased in the control group (p < 0.05) but was unchanged in the @entity4 group. Systolic shortening of circumferential segments also decreased in the control group (p < 0.05) but was unchanged in the @entity4 group. ESP-ESL relations of circumferential segments shifted markedly rightward in the control group, whereas a modest rightward shift was noted in the @entity4 group. This study in feline heart with @entity1 showed an attenuated negative inotropic effect of beta-blockade in underperfused LV anterior wall.

title: Negative inotropic effect of XXXX is attenuated in underperfused feline heart with an acute ischemic region.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 is often complicated by @entity3 as a manifestation of multiple organ dysfunctions, but @entity6 rarely progresses to become the major morbid condition of @entity2 . We encountered a case who survived life-threatening classic @entity2 ; the @entity0 developed this condition, subsequently associated with @entity6 , while bathing at home. A 73-year-old @entity0 was found in the bath in his home with unconsciousness, and was transferred to a nearby hospital. At the time he was in a @entity5 , but no remarkable abnormalities were detected on blood examination. Rubor of his entire body beneath the cervical region was recognized. Under the diagnosis of a burn with consciousness disturbance, he was referred and transferred to our hospital. He was @entity5 and his axillary body temperature was 39.7  C. His consciousness improved after admission, but blood examination revealed @entity8 , @entity1 . Subsequent blood examination findings showed rapid exacerbation. On the 2nd hospital day, PT% was 12, INR was 4.8. On the 3rd hospital day, serum ALT was elevated to 3,873 U/L, and the @entity0 had @entity7 . On the 13th hospital day, serum total @entity4 was elevated to 33 mg/dl. Thereafter, additional conservative treatment produced gradual recovery of hepatic function.

title: Successful treatment of a case with XXXX following hot bath immersion.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Telomeres, repetitive DNA sequences found at the ends of linear chromosomes, play a role in regulating cellular proliferation, and shorten with increasing age in proliferating @entity0 tissues. The rate of age-related shortening of telomeres is highest early in life and decreases with age. @entity4 are thought to limit the proliferation of cells and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although natural selection is widely assumed to operate against long telomeres because they entail increased @entity1 risk, the evidence for this is mixed. Instead, here it is proposed that telomere length is primarily limited by energetic constraints. Cell proliferation is energetically expensive, so shorter telomeres should lead to a thrifty phenotype. Shorter telomeres are proposed to restrain adaptive immunity as an energy saving mechanism. Such a limited immune system, however, might also result in @entity2 , inflammatory stress, @entity3 , and death--a more "disposable soma." With an increased reproductive lifespan, the fitness costs of @entity3 are higher and longer telomeres will be favored by selection. Telomeres exhibit a paternal effect whereby the offspring of older fathers have longer telomeres due to increased telomere lengths of sperm with age. This paternal effect is proposed to be an adaptive signal of the expected age of male reproduction in the environment offspring are born into. The offspring of lineages of older fathers will tend to have longer, and thereby less thrifty, telomeres, better preparing them for an environment with higher expected ages at reproduction.

title: An evolutionary review of XXXX telomere biology: the thrifty telomere hypothesis and notes on potential adaptive paternal effects.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dramatic increases in survival rates have led to increased interest regarding the health related quality of life (HRQOL) of adolescent and young adult survivors of @entity3 . This study investigated HRQOL and @entity1 in adolescent and young adult survivors of lower extremity @entity3 as a function of type of surgical intervention, gender, and age at assessment. PROCEDURE: Twenty-eight @entity0 (age range 18-32 years) completed three generic and one disease-specific measures of HRQOL and a measure of @entity1 . For analysis, surgical intervention was grouped into @entity4 ( @entity4 ; allograft fusion and endoprosthesis) and ablative surgeries ( @entity2 ; amputation or Van Nes rotationplasty). Age at study was grouped into  <= 25 years of age and >=  26 years of age. The MOS-SF-36, HUI2, HUI3, and EORTC-QLQ-C30 were used to measure HRQOL and the TESS was used to assess @entity1 . RESULTS: Survivors reported HRQOL equivalent to the general population, with the exception of physical functioning. @entity4 reported poorer HRQOL than AMP @entity0 for emotional functioning and fatigue. Males reported better HRQOL compared with females for overall HRQOL, general health, physical functioning, and social functioning. Finally, younger @entity0 generally reported better HRQOL than older @entity0 for overall HRQOL and physical functioning. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies @entity4 surgical intervention, female gender and older age as risk factors for reduced HRQOL in adolescent and young adult survivors of lower extremity @entity3 . This study also provides information about what instrument may be most useful in identifying these specific difficulties and subgroups.

title: Health related quality of life in adolescent and young adult survivors of lower extremity XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Missing the moment for application of ventricular assist devices (VAD) may be one of the major causes of @entity7 in @entity0 who are to be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with the aid of VAD. To determine the optimal timing for application of VAD in such @entity0 , we examined the effect of a CPB assist on cardiac functional recovery from severe global @entity1 using an experimental @entity2 system. In the present study we created @entity4 by clamping the aorta for 20 minutes (Group I; N = 7) or 45 minutes (Group II; N = 11) under normothermic CPB. The reliability of the method in creating severe @entity3 was confirmed by testing the levels of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity8 (CP), and @entity6 . After reperfusion of the myocardium, the heart was assisted by a totally vented CPB. The left ventricular end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (Emax), which is a load-independent index of contractility, was obtained every 15 minutes for up to 120 minutes of reperfusion. The Emax revealed that the function of the damaged heart recovers exponentially with time after reperfusion. From curves of the functional recovery of the heart, CPB support appeared to be beneficial for the first 60 minutes after reperfusion, and aided in the recovery of cardiac function in hearts damaged by global @entity4 . However, CPB assist thereafter may not be effective in further improving cardiac function. We therefore concluded that the decision to use VAD should be determined by cardiac function by 60 minutes of reperfusion to avoid prolonging CPB time.

title: Optimal timing for application of ventricular assist devices in XXXX who cannot be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass. An experimental study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Infusion of @entity5 into the arterial line, followed by infusion of @entity2 into the venous line, has been used for regional anticoagulation during hemodialysis of @entity0 with @entity3 diatheses or heparin-induced antiplatelet antibodies. These @entity0 are often hospitalized in intensive care units where the use of a sorbent regeneration dialysis system is convenient. In this study, the use of regional @entity5 anticoagulation during dialysis with a @entity9 dialyzer on a REDY dialysis machine was investigated in eight @entity0 . The white blood cell count, arterial @entity8 , arterial and venous @entity6 , and arterial, venous and dialysate @entity7 were measured. Similar studies were carried out on four other @entity0 undergoing dialysis with standard systemic heparin anticoagulation and cellulose @entity4 dialyzers. The white blood cell count was observed to decline moderately, reaching a nadir of 83.2% of control at 15 minutes. The @entity8 was unchanged or increased. However, blood @entity6 rose in four of five @entity0 , with the venous value always exceeding the arterial value. In two @entity0 , @entity7 levels in blood increased as well, and in one @entity0 , a marked increase was observed in dialysate, and @entity1 , with the concentrations being highest in the dialysate. No such changes were observed in the patients anticoagulated with heparin. It was concluded that although @entity5 is a useful agent for regional anticoagulation, it should not be used in sorbent regeneration systems.

title: @entity5 for regional anticoagulation. Effects on blood @entity8 , @entity6 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Infusion of @entity5 into the arterial line, followed by infusion of @entity2 into the venous line, has been used for regional anticoagulation during hemodialysis of @entity0 with @entity3 diatheses or heparin-induced antiplatelet antibodies. These @entity0 are often hospitalized in intensive care units where the use of a sorbent regeneration dialysis system is convenient. In this study, the use of regional @entity5 anticoagulation during dialysis with a @entity9 dialyzer on a REDY dialysis machine was investigated in eight @entity0 . The white blood cell count, arterial @entity8 , arterial and venous @entity6 , and arterial, venous and dialysate @entity7 were measured. Similar studies were carried out on four other @entity0 undergoing dialysis with standard systemic heparin anticoagulation and cellulose @entity4 dialyzers. The white blood cell count was observed to decline moderately, reaching a nadir of 83.2% of control at 15 minutes. The @entity8 was unchanged or increased. However, blood @entity6 rose in four of five @entity0 , with the venous value always exceeding the arterial value. In two @entity0 , @entity7 levels in blood increased as well, and in one @entity0 , a marked increase was observed in dialysate, and @entity1 , with the concentrations being highest in the dialysate. No such changes were observed in the patients anticoagulated with heparin. It was concluded that although @entity5 is a useful agent for regional anticoagulation, it should not be used in sorbent regeneration systems.

title: XXXX for regional anticoagulation. Effects on blood @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity7 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Infusion of @entity5 into the arterial line, followed by infusion of @entity2 into the venous line, has been used for regional anticoagulation during hemodialysis of @entity0 with @entity3 diatheses or heparin-induced antiplatelet antibodies. These @entity0 are often hospitalized in intensive care units where the use of a sorbent regeneration dialysis system is convenient. In this study, the use of regional @entity5 anticoagulation during dialysis with a @entity9 dialyzer on a REDY dialysis machine was investigated in eight @entity0 . The white blood cell count, arterial @entity8 , arterial and venous @entity6 , and arterial, venous and dialysate @entity7 were measured. Similar studies were carried out on four other @entity0 undergoing dialysis with standard systemic heparin anticoagulation and cellulose @entity4 dialyzers. The white blood cell count was observed to decline moderately, reaching a nadir of 83.2% of control at 15 minutes. The @entity8 was unchanged or increased. However, blood @entity6 rose in four of five @entity0 , with the venous value always exceeding the arterial value. In two @entity0 , @entity7 levels in blood increased as well, and in one @entity0 , a marked increase was observed in dialysate, and @entity1 , with the concentrations being highest in the dialysate. No such changes were observed in the patients anticoagulated with heparin. It was concluded that although @entity5 is a useful agent for regional anticoagulation, it should not be used in sorbent regeneration systems.

title: @entity5 for regional anticoagulation. Effects on blood @entity8 , XXXX , and @entity7 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Infusion of @entity5 into the arterial line, followed by infusion of @entity2 into the venous line, has been used for regional anticoagulation during hemodialysis of @entity0 with @entity3 diatheses or heparin-induced antiplatelet antibodies. These @entity0 are often hospitalized in intensive care units where the use of a sorbent regeneration dialysis system is convenient. In this study, the use of regional @entity5 anticoagulation during dialysis with a @entity9 dialyzer on a REDY dialysis machine was investigated in eight @entity0 . The white blood cell count, arterial @entity8 , arterial and venous @entity6 , and arterial, venous and dialysate @entity7 were measured. Similar studies were carried out on four other @entity0 undergoing dialysis with standard systemic heparin anticoagulation and cellulose @entity4 dialyzers. The white blood cell count was observed to decline moderately, reaching a nadir of 83.2% of control at 15 minutes. The @entity8 was unchanged or increased. However, blood @entity6 rose in four of five @entity0 , with the venous value always exceeding the arterial value. In two @entity0 , @entity7 levels in blood increased as well, and in one @entity0 , a marked increase was observed in dialysate, and @entity1 , with the concentrations being highest in the dialysate. No such changes were observed in the patients anticoagulated with heparin. It was concluded that although @entity5 is a useful agent for regional anticoagulation, it should not be used in sorbent regeneration systems.

title: @entity5 for regional anticoagulation. Effects on blood XXXX , @entity6 , and @entity7 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was performed to evaluate the use of the 1992 International Union Against @entity1 (UICC)/American Joint Committee on @entity1 (AJCC) T categories for @entity2 treated with radiation therapy and to compare the prognostic power of this system with the Whitmore-Jewett scheme. METHODS: The outcome for 427 @entity0 with Stages A2-C or T1a-T4b @entity2 , followed for a mean of 32 months after treatment, was evaluated for relapse or rising @entity3 levels, disease relapse, metastatic failure, and local recurrence relative to the two staging systems. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to compare the two staging systems. The T categories were based on digital rectal examination. RESULTS: At 5 years, the actuarial incidence of relapse or rising @entity3 level was as follows: Stage A2, 29%; Stage B, 41%; Stage C, 62%. The corresponding results according to T category were as follows: T1a, 0%; T1b, 37%; T1c, 23%; T2a, 39%; T2b, 38%; T2c, 42%; T3a, 53%; T3c, 68%; T4b, greater than 75%. Too few @entity0 were in the T3b and T4a categories. The following five-category grouping was significantly superior prognostically to the Whitmore-Jewett system: T1a, T1c, T1b/T2, T3, T4. The actuarial incidences of relapse or rising @entity3 at 5 years were as follows: T1a, 0%; T1c, 23%; T1b/T2, 41%; T3, 61%; and T4, 75%. No differences were evident within the T2 or T3 categories. CONCLUSIONS: The current UICC/AJCC system appears to be a valid method for categorizing a primary @entity2 . This system defines a greater number of meaningful @entity1 categories and is prognostically superior to the traditional Whitmore-Jewett scheme.

title: The T classification of clinically XXXX . An appraisal based on disease outcome after radiation therapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ethnic minority groups in Western European countries tend to have higher levels of overweight than the majority populations for reasons that are poorly understood. Investigating relative differences between countries could enable an investigation of the importance of national context in determining these inequalities. OBJECTIVE: To explore: (1) whether Indian and African origin populations in England and the Netherlands are similarly disadvantaged compared with the White populations in terms of the prevalence of overweight and central @entity1 ; (2) whether the previously known Dutch advantage of relatively low overweight prevalence is also observed in Dutch ethnic minority groups and (3) the contribution of health behaviour and socio-economic position to the differences observed. METHODS: Secondary analyses of population-based studies of 16   406 @entity0 from England and the Netherlands. Prevalence ratios were estimated using regression models. RESULTS: Except for African @entity0 , ethnic minority groups in both countries had higher rates of overweight and central @entity1 than their White counterparts. However, the Dutch minority groups were relatively more disadvantaged than English minority groups as compared with the majority populations. The Dutch advantage of the low prevalence of @entity1 was only seen in White @entity0 and @entity0 and African @entity0 . In contrast, English-Indian (prevalence ratio=0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81-0.93) and English-Caribbean (prevalence ratio=0.82, 95% CI: 0.76-0.89) @entity0 were @entity2 than their Dutch equivalents. The Dutch-Indian @entity0 were very similar to the English-Indian @entity0 . The contribution of health behaviour and socio-economic position to the observed differences were small. CONCLUSION: Contrary to the patterns in White groups, the Dutch ethnic minority @entity0 were more @entity1 than their English equivalents. More work is needed to identify factors that may contribute to these observed differences.

title: Dutch versus English advantage in the epidemic of central and generalised XXXX is not shared by ethnic minority groups: comparative secondary analysis of cross-sectional data.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 (CQ)-resistant (CQR) @entity9 @entity1 parasites show a strong decrease in CQ accumulation in comparison with @entity2 -sensitive parasites. Controversy exists over the role of the plasmodial pfmdr1 gene in the CQR phenotype. pfmdr1 is a member of the superfamily of @entity5 -binding cassette transporters. Other members of this family are the @entity0 multidrug resistance genes and the @entity11 gene. We have expressed the pfmdr1-encoded protein, Pgh1, in CHO cells and @entity6 oocytes. CHO cells expressing the Pgh1 protein demonstrated an increased, @entity7 -insensitive susceptibility to CQ. Conversely, no increase in drug susceptibility to @entity12 , @entity10 , @entity4 , or @entity8 was observed in Pgh1-expressing cells. CQ uptake experiments revealed an increased, @entity5 -dependent accumulation of CQ in Pgh1-expressing cells over the level in nonexpressing control cells. The increased CQ accumulation in Pgh1-expressing cells coincided with an enhanced in vivo inhibition of lysosomal alpha-galactosidase by CQ. CHO cells expressing Pgh1 carrying two of the CQR-associated Pgh1 @entity3 changes ( @entity14 and @entity13 ) did not display an increased CQ sensitivity. Immunofluorescence experiments revealed an intracellular localization of both mutant and wild-type forms of Pgh1. We conclude from our results that wild-type Pgh1 protein can mediate an increased intracellular accumulation of CQ and that this function is impaired in CQR-associated mutant forms of the protein. We speculate that the Pgh1 protein plays an important role in CQ import in CQ-sensitive @entity1 parasites.

title: Expression of the plasmodial pfmdr1 gene in @entity0 cells is associated with increased susceptibility to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 (CQ)-resistant (CQR) @entity9 @entity1 parasites show a strong decrease in CQ accumulation in comparison with @entity2 -sensitive parasites. Controversy exists over the role of the plasmodial pfmdr1 gene in the CQR phenotype. pfmdr1 is a member of the superfamily of @entity5 -binding cassette transporters. Other members of this family are the @entity0 multidrug resistance genes and the @entity11 gene. We have expressed the pfmdr1-encoded protein, Pgh1, in CHO cells and @entity6 oocytes. CHO cells expressing the Pgh1 protein demonstrated an increased, @entity7 -insensitive susceptibility to CQ. Conversely, no increase in drug susceptibility to @entity12 , @entity10 , @entity4 , or @entity8 was observed in Pgh1-expressing cells. CQ uptake experiments revealed an increased, @entity5 -dependent accumulation of CQ in Pgh1-expressing cells over the level in nonexpressing control cells. The increased CQ accumulation in Pgh1-expressing cells coincided with an enhanced in vivo inhibition of lysosomal alpha-galactosidase by CQ. CHO cells expressing Pgh1 carrying two of the CQR-associated Pgh1 @entity3 changes ( @entity14 and @entity13 ) did not display an increased CQ sensitivity. Immunofluorescence experiments revealed an intracellular localization of both mutant and wild-type forms of Pgh1. We conclude from our results that wild-type Pgh1 protein can mediate an increased intracellular accumulation of CQ and that this function is impaired in CQR-associated mutant forms of the protein. We speculate that the Pgh1 protein plays an important role in CQ import in CQ-sensitive @entity1 parasites.

title: Expression of the plasmodial pfmdr1 gene in XXXX cells is associated with increased susceptibility to @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a disease that primarily affects the peripheral retina and ultimately causes @entity2 . X-chromosomal forms of @entity3 are frequently caused by mutations in the @entity3 GTPase regulator ( @entity4 ) gene. We show that the novel splice donor site ( @entity1 ) mutation @entity6 in intron 10 of @entity4 cosegregates with @entity3 in a five-generation Caucasian family. The mutation causes in-frame skipping of exon 10 from @entity4 transcripts in @entity0 -derived primary fibroblasts. To correct the splice defect, we developed a gene therapeutic approach using mutation-adapted U1 small nuclear RNA (U1). U1 is required for @entity1 recognition of pre-mRNAs and initiates the splice process. The mutation described herein interferes with the recognition of the @entity1 by U1. To overcome the deleterious effects of the mutation, we generated four U1 isoforms with increasing complementarity to the @entity1 . Lentiviral particles were used to transduce @entity0 -derived fibroblasts with these U1 variants. Full complementarity of U1 corrects the splice defect partially and increases recognition of the mutant @entity1 . The therapeutic effect is U1-concentration dependent as we show for endogenously expressed @entity4 transcripts in @entity0 -derived cells. U1-based gene therapeutic approaches constitute promising technologies to treat @entity1 mutations in inherited diseases including @entity5 .

title: Gene therapeutic approach using mutation-adapted U1 snRNA to correct a XXXX splice defect in @entity0 -derived cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a disease that primarily affects the peripheral retina and ultimately causes @entity2 . X-chromosomal forms of @entity3 are frequently caused by mutations in the @entity3 GTPase regulator ( @entity4 ) gene. We show that the novel splice donor site ( @entity1 ) mutation @entity6 in intron 10 of @entity4 cosegregates with @entity3 in a five-generation Caucasian family. The mutation causes in-frame skipping of exon 10 from @entity4 transcripts in @entity0 -derived primary fibroblasts. To correct the splice defect, we developed a gene therapeutic approach using mutation-adapted U1 small nuclear RNA (U1). U1 is required for @entity1 recognition of pre-mRNAs and initiates the splice process. The mutation described herein interferes with the recognition of the @entity1 by U1. To overcome the deleterious effects of the mutation, we generated four U1 isoforms with increasing complementarity to the @entity1 . Lentiviral particles were used to transduce @entity0 -derived fibroblasts with these U1 variants. Full complementarity of U1 corrects the splice defect partially and increases recognition of the mutant @entity1 . The therapeutic effect is U1-concentration dependent as we show for endogenously expressed @entity4 transcripts in @entity0 -derived cells. U1-based gene therapeutic approaches constitute promising technologies to treat @entity1 mutations in inherited diseases including @entity5 .

title: Gene therapeutic approach using mutation-adapted U1 snRNA to correct a @entity4 splice defect in XXXX -derived cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The objective of this study is to establish the efficacy of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) compared with treatment as usual (TAU) in reducing blood pressure (BP) in non-compliant @entity2 @entity0 . This study was designed as a parallel-group single-blind randomised controlled trial. The study was carried out at three general hospital outpatient clinics in Jordan. A total of 136 non-compliant @entity2 @entity0 with a mean baseline BP of 164.5   mm   Hg (s.d. 10.0) over 102.2   mm   Hg (s.d. 7.0) participated in the study. 7 weekly 20-min sessions of @entity1 in addition to TAU. The main outcome of this study is systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 11-weeks follow-up. In all, 68 @entity0 received TAU and 68 @entity1 . Intention-to-treat analysis included all @entity0 randomised. @entity1 lowered SBP by -23.11   mm   Hg (95% CI: -25.85, -20.36) and diastolic BP (DBP) by -15.18   mm   Hg (95% CI: -17.55, -12.80) at 11 weeks compared with TAU. Adherence (measured by pill counting) was also improved in the @entity1 group by 37% at 11 weeks compared with @entity3 . No significant adverse events were reported. @entity1 increases adherence to medication for @entity2 which then leads to a clinically important reduction in BP.

title: Adherence therapy for medication non-compliant @entity0 with XXXX : a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of this study is to establish the efficacy of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) compared with treatment as usual (TAU) in reducing blood pressure (BP) in non-compliant @entity2 @entity0 . This study was designed as a parallel-group single-blind randomised controlled trial. The study was carried out at three general hospital outpatient clinics in Jordan. A total of 136 non-compliant @entity2 @entity0 with a mean baseline BP of 164.5   mm   Hg (s.d. 10.0) over 102.2   mm   Hg (s.d. 7.0) participated in the study. 7 weekly 20-min sessions of @entity1 in addition to TAU. The main outcome of this study is systolic blood pressure (SBP) at 11-weeks follow-up. In all, 68 @entity0 received TAU and 68 @entity1 . Intention-to-treat analysis included all @entity0 randomised. @entity1 lowered SBP by -23.11   mm   Hg (95% CI: -25.85, -20.36) and diastolic BP (DBP) by -15.18   mm   Hg (95% CI: -17.55, -12.80) at 11 weeks compared with TAU. Adherence (measured by pill counting) was also improved in the @entity1 group by 37% at 11 weeks compared with @entity3 . No significant adverse events were reported. @entity1 increases adherence to medication for @entity2 which then leads to a clinically important reduction in BP.

title: Adherence therapy for medication non-compliant XXXX with @entity2 : a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Mutations of the @entity2 gene are important mechanisms in malignant transformation and are associated with dysregulation of normal cell growth. In the present study the expression of mutated @entity2 -protein and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was investigated in a series of 31 @entity0 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The number of @entity3 -positive cells and the pattern of expression was distinct in normal urothelium being confined to the basal cell layer. In dysplastic urothelium and in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity3 -immunoreactive nuclei were irregularly distributed throughout all layers. In @entity1 cell complexes the pattern of @entity3 -immunoreactivity was different in papillary and primary infiltrating TCCs. Densitometric quantification of the intensity of the @entity3 -reactivity using image analysis revealed an increase from normal to dysplastic urothelium and from dysplastic urothelium to invasive @entity1 . 21/31 (68%) of the @entity1 and @entity1 -associated @entity5 showed overexpression of @entity2 varying in percentage, pattern and reaction intensity. The percentage of @entity3 -positive cells was higher in @entity1 overexpressing @entity2 . Double IHC showed colocalization of both molecules in a significant proportion of @entity1 cells suggesting a link of @entity2 overexpression and the abnormal proliferative activity. The present results show that @entity2 over-expression is found in a significant percentage of TCCs and indicate a close association with a defective growth regulation resulting in increased @entity3 -levels and enhanced cellular proliferation.

title: [Proliferative activity and XXXX expression in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Parathyroid cells detect increments in the extracellular [ @entity0 ], which lead to substantial increases in intracellular free @entity0 ([ @entity0 ]i) and, ultimately, to suppression of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) secretion. To determine whether mRNA from parathyroid tissue could confer sensitivity to high extracellular @entity0 , we isolated and injected total @entity1 parathyroid poly(A)+ RNA into @entity2 oocytes. To assess translational activity of the RNA, @entity6 released into the media was measured. Intact @entity6 was detected in the medium for < or = 48 h, and injection of increasing amounts of RNA (approximately 0.5-50 ng/oocyte) led to the release of greater quantities of @entity6 . We screened for the expression of a putative @entity0 sensor molecule by measuring 45Ca efflux from preloaded oocytes, in response to raising extracellular [ @entity0 ] from 0.7 to 5.7 mM. This increment in [ @entity0 ] stimulated 45Ca efflux by 249 +/- 52 cpm over 20 min from eggs injected with parathyroid poly(A)+ RNA (n = 22). This response was significantly greater than 45Ca efflux from any group of controls exposed to the same change in extracellular @entity0 (p < 0.02), including oocytes injected with either water, cRNA for the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) BB receptor, or T cell poly(A)+ RNA. Size-fractionation of poly(A)+ RNA over sucrose gradients demonstrated that mRNA, which induced @entity3 to high extracellular @entity0 , was present in fractions with transcripts of approximately 5-9 kB. Injection of these fractions also conferred sensitivity to the presence of @entity4 or @entity5 (both at 5 mM) in the media.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Injection of XXXX parathyroid poly(A)+ RNA into @entity2 oocytes confers sensitivity to high extracellular calcium.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Parathyroid cells detect increments in the extracellular [ @entity0 ], which lead to substantial increases in intracellular free @entity0 ([ @entity0 ]i) and, ultimately, to suppression of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) secretion. To determine whether mRNA from parathyroid tissue could confer sensitivity to high extracellular @entity0 , we isolated and injected total @entity1 parathyroid poly(A)+ RNA into @entity2 oocytes. To assess translational activity of the RNA, @entity6 released into the media was measured. Intact @entity6 was detected in the medium for < or = 48 h, and injection of increasing amounts of RNA (approximately 0.5-50 ng/oocyte) led to the release of greater quantities of @entity6 . We screened for the expression of a putative @entity0 sensor molecule by measuring 45Ca efflux from preloaded oocytes, in response to raising extracellular [ @entity0 ] from 0.7 to 5.7 mM. This increment in [ @entity0 ] stimulated 45Ca efflux by 249 +/- 52 cpm over 20 min from eggs injected with parathyroid poly(A)+ RNA (n = 22). This response was significantly greater than 45Ca efflux from any group of controls exposed to the same change in extracellular @entity0 (p < 0.02), including oocytes injected with either water, cRNA for the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) BB receptor, or T cell poly(A)+ RNA. Size-fractionation of poly(A)+ RNA over sucrose gradients demonstrated that mRNA, which induced @entity3 to high extracellular @entity0 , was present in fractions with transcripts of approximately 5-9 kB. Injection of these fractions also conferred sensitivity to the presence of @entity4 or @entity5 (both at 5 mM) in the media.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Injection of @entity1 parathyroid poly(A)+ RNA into XXXX oocytes confers sensitivity to high extracellular calcium.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. @entity3 (NO) is a potent endogenous vasodilator and plays a role in the control of resting vascular tone. @entity0 with @entity1 have a hyperdynamic circulation with reduced blood pressure and decreased peripheral resistance, and it is possible that increased production of NO due to induction of NO synthase may be involved in maintaining this vasodilatation. We have examined this possibility by studying the effects of local infusions of @entity6 (an inhibitor of NO synthase) in the forearm arteriolar bed and the superficial dorsal hand veins of @entity0 with @entity5 . 2. Drugs were either infused locally into the brachial artery and forearm blood flow was measured by @entity2 plethysmography, or into a vein on the back of the hand and vein diameter was measured using a linear displacement technique. 3. Basal forearm blood flow was increased and vascular resistance was decreased in the @entity0 with @entity5 compared with healthy control subjects. @entity4 and @entity6 caused dose-dependent falls in forearm blood flow in both healthy control subjects and @entity0 with @entity1 . There was no significant difference in the responses to either @entity4 or @entity6 between the two groups. 4. In the superficial hand veins there was no change in vein size in response to @entity6 infused alone, and venoconstriction to local infusion of @entity4 was unaffected by co-infusion with @entity6 . 5. Our results confirm that @entity0 with @entity5 are vasodilated compared with healthy control subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of local inhibition of @entity3 synthesis on forearm blood flow and dorsal hand vein size in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: 1. @entity3 (NO) is a potent endogenous vasodilator and plays a role in the control of resting vascular tone. @entity0 with @entity1 have a hyperdynamic circulation with reduced blood pressure and decreased peripheral resistance, and it is possible that increased production of NO due to induction of NO synthase may be involved in maintaining this vasodilatation. We have examined this possibility by studying the effects of local infusions of @entity6 (an inhibitor of NO synthase) in the forearm arteriolar bed and the superficial dorsal hand veins of @entity0 with @entity5 . 2. Drugs were either infused locally into the brachial artery and forearm blood flow was measured by @entity2 plethysmography, or into a vein on the back of the hand and vein diameter was measured using a linear displacement technique. 3. Basal forearm blood flow was increased and vascular resistance was decreased in the @entity0 with @entity5 compared with healthy control subjects. @entity4 and @entity6 caused dose-dependent falls in forearm blood flow in both healthy control subjects and @entity0 with @entity1 . There was no significant difference in the responses to either @entity4 or @entity6 between the two groups. 4. In the superficial hand veins there was no change in vein size in response to @entity6 infused alone, and venoconstriction to local infusion of @entity4 was unaffected by co-infusion with @entity6 . 5. Our results confirm that @entity0 with @entity5 are vasodilated compared with healthy control subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of local inhibition of XXXX synthesis on forearm blood flow and dorsal hand vein size in @entity0 with @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. @entity3 (NO) is a potent endogenous vasodilator and plays a role in the control of resting vascular tone. @entity0 with @entity1 have a hyperdynamic circulation with reduced blood pressure and decreased peripheral resistance, and it is possible that increased production of NO due to induction of NO synthase may be involved in maintaining this vasodilatation. We have examined this possibility by studying the effects of local infusions of @entity6 (an inhibitor of NO synthase) in the forearm arteriolar bed and the superficial dorsal hand veins of @entity0 with @entity5 . 2. Drugs were either infused locally into the brachial artery and forearm blood flow was measured by @entity2 plethysmography, or into a vein on the back of the hand and vein diameter was measured using a linear displacement technique. 3. Basal forearm blood flow was increased and vascular resistance was decreased in the @entity0 with @entity5 compared with healthy control subjects. @entity4 and @entity6 caused dose-dependent falls in forearm blood flow in both healthy control subjects and @entity0 with @entity1 . There was no significant difference in the responses to either @entity4 or @entity6 between the two groups. 4. In the superficial hand veins there was no change in vein size in response to @entity6 infused alone, and venoconstriction to local infusion of @entity4 was unaffected by co-infusion with @entity6 . 5. Our results confirm that @entity0 with @entity5 are vasodilated compared with healthy control subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of local inhibition of @entity3 synthesis on forearm blood flow and dorsal hand vein size in XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 leads to an increase in airway resistance. It is still unknown whether this is due to @entity2 or to submucosal @entity0 . The present study was designed to determine the relative contribution of these two potential mechanisms. We examined the effect of intravenous volume loading on @entity1 peripheral airway resistance (Rp). Bronchoscopes were wedged in contralateral sublobar segments and used to record Rp during rapid infusion of normal saline. Volume loading with normal saline increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and Rp. Unlike normal saline, dextran 70 did not increase Rp when infused at a rate that produced similar changes in PCWP. During infusion of normal saline, delta Rp was significantly enhanced in lung segments previously challenged with dry air when compared to contralateral control lungs, unexposed to dry air, and the use of dextran 70 significantly reduced this effect. Vasoconstriction with @entity4 significantly decreased baseline Rp, but did not completely reverse the effect of fluid infusion. In addition, in lung segments exposed to dry air, delta Rp was significantly greater after volume loading and treatment with @entity4 when compared to contralateral control lung. Finally, muscarinic receptor blockade was ineffective in preventing Rp from increasing during infusion of normal saline. Our results suggest that volume loading-induced increases in Rp are not caused by either @entity2 or the stimulation of muscarinic receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The role of submucosal XXXX in increased peripheral airway resistance by intravenous volume loading in @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 leads to an increase in airway resistance. It is still unknown whether this is due to @entity2 or to submucosal @entity0 . The present study was designed to determine the relative contribution of these two potential mechanisms. We examined the effect of intravenous volume loading on @entity1 peripheral airway resistance (Rp). Bronchoscopes were wedged in contralateral sublobar segments and used to record Rp during rapid infusion of normal saline. Volume loading with normal saline increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and Rp. Unlike normal saline, dextran 70 did not increase Rp when infused at a rate that produced similar changes in PCWP. During infusion of normal saline, delta Rp was significantly enhanced in lung segments previously challenged with dry air when compared to contralateral control lungs, unexposed to dry air, and the use of dextran 70 significantly reduced this effect. Vasoconstriction with @entity4 significantly decreased baseline Rp, but did not completely reverse the effect of fluid infusion. In addition, in lung segments exposed to dry air, delta Rp was significantly greater after volume loading and treatment with @entity4 when compared to contralateral control lung. Finally, muscarinic receptor blockade was ineffective in preventing Rp from increasing during infusion of normal saline. Our results suggest that volume loading-induced increases in Rp are not caused by either @entity2 or the stimulation of muscarinic receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The role of submucosal @entity0 in increased peripheral airway resistance by intravenous volume loading in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the ability of @entity5 to mobilize peripheral-blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) and to examine the impact of infusing these cells on myelosuppression following multiple cycles of high-dose therapy. Fluctuations in circulating progenitor cell concentration following repeated cycles of this therapy were also measured. @entity0 AND METHODS: Eight @entity0 received a total of 20 cycles of @entity5 1,200 mg/m2 per course, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) 5 micrograms/kg/d, and PBPC reinfusion every 28 days. PBPC were collected following 1 week of @entity4 and following the first and second cycles of chemotherapy. @entity2 was correlated with the number of progenitor cells reinfused per cycle. The concentration of PBPC per milliliter of blood was measured at study entry, following @entity4 priming, and after each cycle of chemotherapy. RESULTS: We observed a strong inverse correlation between the number of PBPCs ( @entity3 and colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage [CFU-GM]), but not mononuclear cells (MNCs) reinfused and the days with @entity1 less than 500/microL and platelets less than 20,000/microL. Compared with baseline levels, the circulating PBPC concentration increased up to 27-fold following the first course of chemotherapy, but decreased toward, and eventually below, baseline following the second and third cycles of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: PBPC reinfusion directly correlated with a reduction in myelosuppression following high-dose @entity5 chemotherapy. While high-dose @entity5 plus @entity4 leads to a substantially greater mobilization of PBPC than @entity4 alone, this effect is lost after multiple treatment cycles. These results emphasize the importance of early procurement and value of PBPC reinfusion in conjunction with multiple cycles of dose-intensive chemotherapy.

title: Reinfusion and serial measurements of XXXX -mobilized peripheral-blood progenitor cells in @entity0 receiving multiple cycles of high-dose chemotherapy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the ability of @entity5 to mobilize peripheral-blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) and to examine the impact of infusing these cells on myelosuppression following multiple cycles of high-dose therapy. Fluctuations in circulating progenitor cell concentration following repeated cycles of this therapy were also measured. @entity0 AND METHODS: Eight @entity0 received a total of 20 cycles of @entity5 1,200 mg/m2 per course, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) 5 micrograms/kg/d, and PBPC reinfusion every 28 days. PBPC were collected following 1 week of @entity4 and following the first and second cycles of chemotherapy. @entity2 was correlated with the number of progenitor cells reinfused per cycle. The concentration of PBPC per milliliter of blood was measured at study entry, following @entity4 priming, and after each cycle of chemotherapy. RESULTS: We observed a strong inverse correlation between the number of PBPCs ( @entity3 and colony-forming unit granulocyte-macrophage [CFU-GM]), but not mononuclear cells (MNCs) reinfused and the days with @entity1 less than 500/microL and platelets less than 20,000/microL. Compared with baseline levels, the circulating PBPC concentration increased up to 27-fold following the first course of chemotherapy, but decreased toward, and eventually below, baseline following the second and third cycles of @entity5 . CONCLUSION: PBPC reinfusion directly correlated with a reduction in myelosuppression following high-dose @entity5 chemotherapy. While high-dose @entity5 plus @entity4 leads to a substantially greater mobilization of PBPC than @entity4 alone, this effect is lost after multiple treatment cycles. These results emphasize the importance of early procurement and value of PBPC reinfusion in conjunction with multiple cycles of dose-intensive chemotherapy.

title: Reinfusion and serial measurements of @entity5 -mobilized peripheral-blood progenitor cells in XXXX receiving multiple cycles of high-dose chemotherapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To elucidate the outcome for @entity0 with stage D1 (N1 to N3, M0) @entity2 we reviewed 179 @entity0 with lymphadenectomy proved pelvic nodal metastases who underwent immediate @entity3 ablation as the only initial treatment. With a median followup of 43 months, the 5 and 8-year actuarial rates of freedom from disease progression were 55% and 25%, respectively, and the median interval to disease progression was 67 months. The 5 and 8-year survival rates were 85% and 57%, respectively. Median survival after disease progression was 36 months. Local and distant disease progression was equally important. At 5 and 8 years the incidence of local progression was 32% and 51%, respectively, while metastatic rates at the same intervals wer 22% and 44%, respectively. Multivariate regression revealed that @entity1 grade and transurethral resection in preoperative stage C disease correlated with disease progression. Pretreatment @entity4 ( @entity4 ) levels were not predictive of outcome. The fact that transurethral resection predicted for local as well as distant failure suggests that the procedure selects for rather than aggravates adverse disease. Posttreatment @entity4 levels were a sensitive index of response to treatment and of subsequent outcome. All @entity0 who failed to achieve undetectable @entity4 levels had relapse by 8 years, whereas those whose levels became undetectable experienced only a 5% incidence of disease progression. These data show that @entity3 ablation alone is not curative for node positive disease but is associated with significant disease control and good short-term (5-year) survival. The @entity1 is an important source of @entity3 insensitive cells and comprehensive treatment strategies for this stage of disease require attention to the @entity1 as well as microscopic metastases.

title: Early @entity3 ablation for stage D1 (N1 to N3, M0) XXXX : prognostic variables and outcome.

answer: @entity2


abstract: To elucidate the outcome for @entity0 with stage D1 (N1 to N3, M0) @entity2 we reviewed 179 @entity0 with lymphadenectomy proved pelvic nodal metastases who underwent immediate @entity3 ablation as the only initial treatment. With a median followup of 43 months, the 5 and 8-year actuarial rates of freedom from disease progression were 55% and 25%, respectively, and the median interval to disease progression was 67 months. The 5 and 8-year survival rates were 85% and 57%, respectively. Median survival after disease progression was 36 months. Local and distant disease progression was equally important. At 5 and 8 years the incidence of local progression was 32% and 51%, respectively, while metastatic rates at the same intervals wer 22% and 44%, respectively. Multivariate regression revealed that @entity1 grade and transurethral resection in preoperative stage C disease correlated with disease progression. Pretreatment @entity4 ( @entity4 ) levels were not predictive of outcome. The fact that transurethral resection predicted for local as well as distant failure suggests that the procedure selects for rather than aggravates adverse disease. Posttreatment @entity4 levels were a sensitive index of response to treatment and of subsequent outcome. All @entity0 who failed to achieve undetectable @entity4 levels had relapse by 8 years, whereas those whose levels became undetectable experienced only a 5% incidence of disease progression. These data show that @entity3 ablation alone is not curative for node positive disease but is associated with significant disease control and good short-term (5-year) survival. The @entity1 is an important source of @entity3 insensitive cells and comprehensive treatment strategies for this stage of disease require attention to the @entity1 as well as microscopic metastases.

title: Early XXXX ablation for stage D1 (N1 to N3, M0) @entity2 : prognostic variables and outcome.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The pharmacological therapy for @entity3 remains dominated by @entity2 , although a number of related compounds are currently under investigation. Recommended treatment for @entity3 is oral @entity2 200mg 5 times daily for 5 days, with intravenous therapy reserved for complicated episodes. Although topical @entity2 may be of benefit, no improvement in the systemic symptoms is provided by this formulation. No preparation prevents the onset of recurrent episodes. The management of recurrent episodes is more controversial, with studies of episodic treatment with both topical and oral @entity2 yielding mixed and at times conflicting results. Episodic treatment with oral @entity2 initiated early by the @entity0 appears to have the most favourable results, and if initiated at the onset of prodromal symptoms may abort the episode in some @entity0 . In @entity0 with frequent recurrences, suppressive therapy with oral @entity2 should be considered. A starting dose of 200mg 4 times daily appears to be the most effective, although 400mg twice daily may suffice. The total daily dose should be reduced as far as possible, and treatment should be interrupted on a yearly basis to determine the need for continuing suppression. The management and pharmacological therapy of genital HSV in pregnancy remains controversial and studies of oral @entity2 in late pregnancy are currently under way. @entity3 may be particularly severe in the immunocompromised host and suppressive oral @entity2 should be initiated promptly. HSV resistance to @entity2 is an increasing problem in such @entity0 , in particular those infected with @entity1 , and may necessitate treatment with intravenous foscarnet.

title: XXXX . A guide to pharmacological therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of different lesion sets of ablation in @entity0 undergoing mitral surgery plus maze. BACKGROUND: The role of lesion sets on outcome after maze is poorly defined. METHODS: A total of 141 @entity0 were prospectively followed up. Two different lesion sets were prepared: 32 @entity0 underwent a radiofrequency left @entity1 set of maze ("limited"), and 109 had combined left and right @entity1 sets of maze    ganglionic plexi isolation ("extensive"). A longitudinal observational study assessed the role of "extensive" versus "limited" ablation on @entity3 ( @entity3 ), New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II/III, treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs, follow-up recovery of the ratio of E- to A-wave (E/A), and survival and time to hospitalization (overall and for @entity2 ). RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity3 over time was lower in the "extensive" arm (adjusted relative risk [RR]: 0.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03 to 0.31; p < 0.001), with significantly lower prevalence at discharge, 3 months, and 18 months. The prevalence of @entity0 in NYHA functional class II/III over time was lower in the "extensive" arm (adjusted RR: 0.11; 95% CI: 0.03 to 0.34; p < 0.001), with significant differences at any assessment (except the third month). The differences in E/A recovery and use of antiarrhythmic drugs were less marked, with an RR of 1.55 (95% CI: 0.99 to 2.42; p = 0.05) and RR of 0.76 (95% CI: 0.54 to 1.06; p = 0.11), respectively, with a significantly lower prevalence of antiarrhythmic drugs in the "extensive" ablation arm at 12, 18, and 24 months. Rates of hospitalization for @entity2 , overall hospitalization, and the combined event death/hospitalization were lower in the "extensive" arm (p = 0.11, p = 0.003, and p = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of right-sided ablation improves clinical and electrophysiologic results after maze procedure.

title: Impact of lesion sets on mid-term results of surgical ablation procedure for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Two familial cases of @entity3 are reported: a daughter, 44-years-old, with a very unusual ultrastructural pattern found in hairy cells, the "tubuloreticular inclusions", and her mother, 71-years-old, who was affected six years later. Routine laboratory investigations, cytochemical and cytogenetic studies including HLA typing, as well as in vitro proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) to polyclonal mitogens and to exogenous @entity1 , were performed. The immunological characterization by assessing the cell surface phenotypic markers with monoclonal antibodies and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) investigations were also carried out. In case 2 all tests were performed both on PBMC and on the bone marrow cells. To the best of our knowledge this is one of the first reports of such familial association. The possibility that genetic factors might play a role in the etiology of @entity4 in @entity0 is discussed: in our two cases, however, cytogenetic studies did not support this, while HLA typing revealed a non-significant association of HCL with DQw3 allele. Alternatively, an environmental factor has been considered, and a @entity5 -perhaps by a retrovirus of the HTLV family has been suggested as tubuloreticular inclusions have been found in both @entity3 , as reported, by us, and AIDS-LAS. However, a long time elapsed between the manifestation of HCL in the daughter and in the mother, and as the two @entity0 had not been living together at that time, the possibility of a viral transmission seems minimal. The results of @entity2 and of immunological investigations are presented and discussed. Both, but particularly the latter, support the B cell nature of the hairy cell.

title: Familial chronic B-cell malignancy. XXXX in mother and daughter.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although intrahepatic recurrence after hepatic resection for @entity1 is the most significant cause of @entity3 , very few reports are available for hepatic re-resection as a radical treatment for recurrence. METHODS: Eighteen @entity0 who underwent repeated hepatic resections for @entity1 were evaluated. Most of the @entity0 regularly received measurement of @entity2 level once a month and examination by ultrasonography and/or computed tomography scanning once every 3 to 4 months. RESULTS: No operative @entity3 occurred. The @entity2 levels of 9 of the 18 @entity0 were within the normal range. Most @entity0 underwent limited hepatic resection to maintain the remaining hepatic function. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year cumulative survival rates after repeated resection were 88%, 37%, and 37%, respectively. The 3-, 5-, and 7-year survival rates after the first resection were 88%, 68%, and 45%, respectively. These showed no significant difference from the survival rates of @entity0 with no recurrences after hepatic resection. CONCLUSIONS: Careful follow-up examinations after hepatic resection are needed for early detection of recurrences, and efforts should be made for repeated hepatic resection, which leads to satisfactory outcome.

title: Repeated hepatic resection for recurrent XXXX in eighteen cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A marked genetic and clinical variability of the Hb H syndrome occurs because of the molecular heterogeneity of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The hallmark is the presence of excess beta chains forming Hb H (beta tetramer). In the Chinese, classical @entity4 presents as " @entity5 intermedia" and is due to a double heterozygosity for two deletional forms of alpha- @entity5 , alpha- @entity5 -1 and alpha- @entity5 -2. The majority of cases with an alpha- @entity5 -1 defect have a deletion of at least 18.1 kb starting 3' to the zeta 1 gene which includes the psi alpha and the two alpha genes; it is similar to that described in Thais. However, two families had a deletion of the entire zeta-alpha gene cluster, i.e. zeta-alpha- @entity5 -1. Of 33 alpha- @entity5 -2 defects studied, 26 were the rightward deletion (alpha -3.7 kb, all type I defects) and seven the leftward deletion (alpha -4.2 kb); one of the latter was associated with Hb Q. About 10% of the alpha- @entity5 defects belong to the nondeletion type, the most common form being Hb Constant Spring (CS). This anomaly, when coinherited with alpha- @entity5 -1, produces Hb H-CS disease which has a most marked @entity3 and @entity2 due to the instability of the alpha-CS chain. Hb Quong Sze produces an alpha- @entity5 -2 because of the unstable alpha-Quong Sze chain. One @entity0 who inherited classical @entity4 and Hb New York (NY) [alpha 113(G15)Val---- @entity1 ] had severe @entity3 , and required frequent blood transfusions due to the deleterious effect of an increased alpha-NY chain turnover.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Different forms of XXXX in the Chinese.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Interactions between acute exposures to environmental chemical contaminants and @entity2 may be important in situations where they are likely to co-occur, ranging in intensity from daily urban living to participation in war. Modification of symptomatic responses by stress may play a role in medically unexplained symptoms attributed to low-level chemical exposures. OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that the combination of exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) and @entity4 would cause @entity3 responses in healthy volunteers. Moreover, these responses would be greater in individuals with self-reported prior chemical odor intolerance. METHODS: One hundred adult subjects underwent 1-hr exposures to diluted DE and clean air control. Half of the subjects performed a public-speaking stressor task during the exposures. Subjects completed questionnaires to determine their Chemical Odor Intolerance Index score. Plasma @entity1 , end-tidal @entity0 , and the severity of 35 symptoms were measured at time points before and after the exposures. RESULTS: Subjects exposed to DE demonstrated small but statistically significant increases in severity for several symptom categories, including @entity3 response and upper respiratory, central nervous system, and total symptoms. The psychological stressor did not increase symptom severity independently or via interaction with DE. Subjects with prior self-reported chemical intolerance had more severe @entity3 response symptoms from DE. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that exposure to DE can cause acute @entity3 response symptoms and that these symptoms are also associated with increased levels of self-reported chemical intolerance. The results did not confirm our hypothesis that an acute stressor would increase @entity3 response symptom severity during the exposure.

title: Sickness response symptoms among healthy volunteers after controlled exposures to diesel exhaust and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor ( @entity7 ) @entity4 kinase induces significant oncogenic effects. Strategies to block @entity7 signaling are being tested in clinical trials that include @entity0 with aggressive solid @entity1 . @entity5 is a @entity6 with poor prognosis and a tendency to develop resistance. The expression and potential significance of @entity7 in @entity5 are not known. DESIGN AND METHODS: We used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoprecipitation, western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of @entity7 mRNA, and @entity7 and pIGF-IR proteins in @entity5 cell lines and @entity0 ' specimens. Selective and specific blockade of @entity7 was achieved using @entity14 and short-interfering RNA, respectively. Cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, cellular morphology, cell proliferation, and target proteins were then analyzed. RESULTS: We detected the expression of @entity7 and pIGF-IR in @entity5 cell lines. Notably, @entity7 molecules/cell were markedly increased in @entity5 cell lines compared with @entity0 B-lymphocytes. @entity7 and pIGF-IR were also detected in 78% and 74%, respectively, of 23 primary @entity5 specimens. Treatment of serum-deprived @entity5 cell lines with @entity2 salvaged these cells from apoptosis. Selective inhibition of @entity7 by @entity14 decreased the viability and proliferation of @entity5 cell lines, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Selective inhibition of @entity7 was associated with @entity3 , @entity10 , @entity11 , and @entity13 cleavage, @entity8 release, up-regulation of @entity12 , and down-regulation of @entity9 , pCdc2, pIRS-1, pAkt, and pJnk. Similar results were obtained by using @entity7 short-interfering RNA. In addition, @entity14 decreased the viability and proliferation of primary @entity5 cells that expressed @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 is up-regulated and frequently activated in @entity5 . Our data suggest that @entity7 could be a molecular target for the treatment of @entity5 .

title: Expression and effects of inhibition of type I insulin-like growth factor receptor XXXX kinase in @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor ( @entity7 ) @entity4 kinase induces significant oncogenic effects. Strategies to block @entity7 signaling are being tested in clinical trials that include @entity0 with aggressive solid @entity1 . @entity5 is a @entity6 with poor prognosis and a tendency to develop resistance. The expression and potential significance of @entity7 in @entity5 are not known. DESIGN AND METHODS: We used reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoprecipitation, western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry to analyze the expression of @entity7 mRNA, and @entity7 and pIGF-IR proteins in @entity5 cell lines and @entity0 ' specimens. Selective and specific blockade of @entity7 was achieved using @entity14 and short-interfering RNA, respectively. Cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle, cellular morphology, cell proliferation, and target proteins were then analyzed. RESULTS: We detected the expression of @entity7 and pIGF-IR in @entity5 cell lines. Notably, @entity7 molecules/cell were markedly increased in @entity5 cell lines compared with @entity0 B-lymphocytes. @entity7 and pIGF-IR were also detected in 78% and 74%, respectively, of 23 primary @entity5 specimens. Treatment of serum-deprived @entity5 cell lines with @entity2 salvaged these cells from apoptosis. Selective inhibition of @entity7 by @entity14 decreased the viability and proliferation of @entity5 cell lines, and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Selective inhibition of @entity7 was associated with @entity3 , @entity10 , @entity11 , and @entity13 cleavage, @entity8 release, up-regulation of @entity12 , and down-regulation of @entity9 , pCdc2, pIRS-1, pAkt, and pJnk. Similar results were obtained by using @entity7 short-interfering RNA. In addition, @entity14 decreased the viability and proliferation of primary @entity5 cells that expressed @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 is up-regulated and frequently activated in @entity5 . Our data suggest that @entity7 could be a molecular target for the treatment of @entity5 .

title: Expression and effects of inhibition of type I insulin-like growth factor receptor @entity4 kinase in XXXX .

answer: @entity5