abstract: The fifth Jack Pepys Workshop on Asthma in the Workplace focused on the similarities and differences of work-related @entity0 (WRA) and non-work-related @entity0 (non-WRA). WRA includes @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and work-exacerbated @entity0 (WEA). There are few biological differences in the mechanisms of sensitization to environmental and occupational allergens. Non-WRA and @entity2 , when due to high-molecular-weight agents, are both IgE mediated; it is uncertain whether @entity2 due to low-molecular-weight agents is also IgE mediated. Risk factors for @entity2 include female sex, a history of upper airway symptoms, and a history of @entity1 . Atopy is a risk factor for @entity2 due to high-molecular-weight agents, and exposure to cleaning agents is a risk factor for both @entity2 and non-WRA. WEA is important among workers with preexisting @entity0 and may overlap with irritant-induced @entity0 , a type of @entity2 . Induced sputum cytology can confirm airway inflammation, but specific inhalation challenge is the reference standard diagnostic test. Inhalation challenges are relatively safe, with the most severe reactions occurring with low-molecular-weight agents. Indirect health care costs account for about 50% of total @entity0 costs. Workers with poor @entity0 control (WRA or non-WRA) are less likely to be employed. Income loss is a major contributor to the indirect costs of WRA. Overall, @entity0 outcomes probably are worse for adult-onset than for childhood-onset @entity0 but better for @entity2 than adult-onset non-WRA. Important aspects of management of @entity2 are rapid and proper confirmation of the diagnosis and reduction of exposure to sensitizers or irritants at work and home.

title: An official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report: presentations and discussion of the fifth Jack Pepys Workshop on Asthma in the Workplace. Comparisons between @entity0 in the workplace and non-work-related XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Our objective was to profile clinical features of @entity1 ( @entity1 ); we performed a large sample, cross-sectional study based on a hospital registry of @entity1 in south-west China. @entity0 were coded in our tertiary referral centre from May 2006 to September 2014. Demographic data and disease-related parameters were collected. A total of 1131 @entity0 were included. Mean age of onset was 54.3    11.6 years and the highest proportion of onset age (30.6%) was between 51 and 60 years. Male:female ratio was 1.45:1. Nearly 30% of the @entity0 were young onset, and 20.3% of the @entity0 were bulbar onset; only 35% received @entity2 treatment. The young-onset @entity0 had a higher educational level with a higher proportion performing manual labour and living in rural areas, and a lower proportion with bulbar onset than those who were older at onset. The bulbar-onset @entity0 were older at age of onset, with a lower proportion of males than spinal-onset @entity0 . In conclusion, Chinese @entity1 @entity0 may be younger at age of onset than Caucasian @entity0 . Environmental and geographical factors are related to the occurrence of @entity1 . The large treatment gap indicated a pressing need for medical and financial support for Chinese @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Clinical features of XXXX in south-west China.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the physical and biological characteristics of commercial gamma-irradiated corneas with those of fresh @entity0 corneas and to determine suitability for transplantation. METHODS: The physical properties of gamma-irradiated and fresh corneas were evaluated with respect to light transmittance, hydration (swelling ratio), elastic modulus (compressive modulus by the indentation method), matrix organization (differential scanning calorimetry), and morphology (light and transmission electron microscopy). The biological properties of the gamma-irradiated @entity1 , including residual cell content and cellular biocompatibility, were evaluated by quantifying DNA content and measuring the proliferation rate of @entity0 corneal epithelial cells, respectively. RESULTS: The hydration, light transmittance, elastic modulus, and proliferation rate of @entity0 corneal epithelial cells were not significantly different between fresh and gamma-irradiated corneas. However, differences were observed in tissue morphology, DNA content, and thermal properties. The density of collagen fibrils of the gamma-irradiated corneal sample (160.6    33.2 fibrils/ m) was significantly lower than that of the fresh corneal sample (310.0    44.7 fibrils/ m). Additionally, in the gamma-irradiated corneas, cell fragments-but not viable cells-were observed, supported by lower DNA content of the gamma-irradiated @entity1 (1.0    0.1  g/mg) than in fresh corneas (1.9  g/mg). Moreover, the denaturation temperature of gamma-irradiated corneas (61.8    1.1   C) was significantly lower than that of fresh corneas (66.1    1.9   C). CONCLUSIONS: Despite structural changes due to irradiation, the physical and biological properties of the gamma-irradiated @entity1 remain similar to the fresh @entity1 . These factors, combined with a decreased risk of rejection and longer shelf life, make the gamma-irradiated tissue a viable and clinically desired option in various ophthalmic procedures.

title: Physical and Biological Characterization of the Gamma-Irradiated XXXX Cornea.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The high mortality rate associated with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) underscores the need for improving therapeutic options for this @entity0 population. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential of vascular targeting in @entity3 . Experimental studies were carried out in subcutaneous and orthotopic Myc-CaP @entity3 implanted into male FVB @entity2 to examine the efficacy of a novel microtubule targeted vascular disrupting agent (VDA), EPC2407 ( @entity6   ). A non-invasive multimodality imaging approach based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bioluminescence imaging (BLI), and ultrasound (US) was utilized to guide preclinical trial design and monitor @entity1 response to therapy. Imaging results were correlated with histopathologic assessment, @entity1 growth and survival analysis. Contrast-enhanced MRI revealed potent antivascular activity of EPC2407 against @entity1 . Longitudinal BLI of Myc-CaP @entity1 expressing luciferase under the @entity4 response element (Myc-CaP/ARE-luc) revealed changes in AR signaling and reduction in intratumoral delivery of @entity5 substrate following castration suggestive of reduced blood flow. This reduction in blood flow was validated by US and MRI. Combination treatment resulted in sustained vascular suppression, inhibition of @entity1 regrowth and conferred a survival benefit in both models. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of vascular targeting in combination with @entity4 deprivation against @entity3 .

title: Multimodal imaging guided preclinical trials of vascular targeting in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to determine the relationship between @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and the @entity2 ( @entity4 ) and to elucidate the role of the @entity4 as a surrogate marker for early detection of peripheral @entity1 (PAD) in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: In total, 135 @entity0 with @entity3 and 135 age- and gender-matched subjects were enrolled. The @entity4 and risk of an abnormal @entity4 were compared between the @entity3 and control groups, and logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between @entity3 and an abnormal @entity4 . The specificity and sensitivity of an @entity4 of 10 mm Hg or greater for diagnosis of PAD (ankle brachial index of <0.90) were calculated. RESULTS: Both the systolic and diastolic IADs were significantly higher in the @entity3 group than in the control group (P < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, @entity3 remained significantly associated with an abnormal @entity4 (P = 0.039). Both the systolic and diastolic IADs were negatively associated with the ankle brachial index. Using a systolic @entity4 of 10 mm Hg or greater as the cutoff point, the specificity and sensitivity for PAD were 90% and 41%, respectively. A diastolic @entity4 of 10 mm Hg or greater exhibited higher specificity (92%), but lower sensitivity (30%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is independently associated with an abnormal @entity4 , and an @entity4 of 10 mm Hg or greater predicts PAD with high specificity but low sensitivity. Blood pressure should be measured at least once in both arms in @entity0 with @entity3 for early detection of asymptomatic PAD.

title: Interarm Blood Pressure Difference in @entity0 With XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to determine the relationship between @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and the @entity2 ( @entity4 ) and to elucidate the role of the @entity4 as a surrogate marker for early detection of peripheral @entity1 (PAD) in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: In total, 135 @entity0 with @entity3 and 135 age- and gender-matched subjects were enrolled. The @entity4 and risk of an abnormal @entity4 were compared between the @entity3 and control groups, and logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between @entity3 and an abnormal @entity4 . The specificity and sensitivity of an @entity4 of 10 mm Hg or greater for diagnosis of PAD (ankle brachial index of <0.90) were calculated. RESULTS: Both the systolic and diastolic IADs were significantly higher in the @entity3 group than in the control group (P < 0.001). After adjustment for confounding factors, @entity3 remained significantly associated with an abnormal @entity4 (P = 0.039). Both the systolic and diastolic IADs were negatively associated with the ankle brachial index. Using a systolic @entity4 of 10 mm Hg or greater as the cutoff point, the specificity and sensitivity for PAD were 90% and 41%, respectively. A diastolic @entity4 of 10 mm Hg or greater exhibited higher specificity (92%), but lower sensitivity (30%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is independently associated with an abnormal @entity4 , and an @entity4 of 10 mm Hg or greater predicts PAD with high specificity but low sensitivity. Blood pressure should be measured at least once in both arms in @entity0 with @entity3 for early detection of asymptomatic PAD.

title: Interarm Blood Pressure Difference in XXXX With @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Growing @entity2 (initial BW 14.3 +/- 1.2 kg) were fed isocaloric (3.26 Mcal of ME/kg) and isonitrogenous (16% CP) diets containing either 0 (low fiber, LF; n = 4) or 10% (high fiber, HF; n = 4) @entity3 straw for ad libitum intake for 14 d. On d 14, each @entity2 was injected i.v. with @entity1 ( @entity1 , a @entity0 analog; 5 mg/kg) and was slaughtered 1 h later. Visceral organs (liver, pancreas, and intestines) were weighed, and tissue samples were obtained. Feed consumption, daily gain, gain: feed, and final BW did not differ between treatments. Neither visceral weights nor visceral weights per unit of eviscerated BW were affected by diets. Tissue concentrations of DNA (milligrams/gram of tissue) were lower (P < .03) in HF than in LF only for jejunum, ileum, and liver. Contents of DNA and protein (milligrams) did not differ between LF and HF for intestinal segments or liver. Content of RNA (milligrams) was greater (P < .04) in HF than in LF only for colon. The number of crypt cell nuclei that were labeled with @entity1 (indicating DNA synthesis and thus cell proliferation) was increased (P < .03) in HF relative to LF for jejunum and colon. The number of epithelial cells exhibiting DNA fragmentation (indicating programmed cell death) was greater (P < .07) in the HF than in the LF group for jejunum and ileum. Width of intestinal villi was increased (P < .10) in HF vs LF for jejunum and ileum. Depth of intestinal crypts was increased (P < .08) in HF vs LF for jejunum, ileum, and colon.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of dietary fiber on intestinal growth, cell proliferation, and morphology in growing XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 monocytes show a high affinity for vascular endothelium both in vitro and in vivo. To explore monocyte-endothelial interaction in greater detail, we have developed a new in vitro model for growth of @entity0 endothelial cells (EC). @entity0 umbilical vein EC (HUVEC) cultured upon collagen gels form confluent monolayers of EC that bind @entity1 at their intercellular border similar to cells in situ. Intercellular junctional structures, both adherens and tight junctions, were identified. In contrast, HUVEC grown on plastic surfaces did not stain with @entity1 . The @entity1 -staining characteristic of EC-collagen monolayers was reversible and related to their in vitro maturation and senescence. @entity1 staining of EC borders provided a grid by which the location of monocyte binding to the luminal surface of individual EC could be assessed. Using this technique, we found that monocytes preferentially bound to the margins of EC, in approximation to the @entity1 -staining junctions. These results suggest that EC determinants recognized by monocytes occur in a unique topographical distribution on the apical face of EC. After binding, monocytes migrated through the EC monolayers at high basal rates. The lack of penetration of collagen gels in the absence of an EC monolayer suggested the generation of EC-specific chemotactic signal(s). Monocytes were observed to pass between EC without evidence of disruption of the monolayer. @entity1 stain remained present during all phases of migration, and under transmission electron microscopy, junctional complexes were found proximal to monocytes that had just completed their passage through the monolayer. After orientation to the basal surface of the EC monolayer, monocytes migrated randomly into the underlying collagen gel. Monocyte adherence, penetration, migration, and long term survival can be studied under these conditions.

title: The selective binding and transmigration of monocytes through the junctional complexes of XXXX endothelium.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 with @entity1 -predisposing conditions are at increased risk to develop and die of @entity1 . Limited data exist on the utility of whole-body MRI as a @entity1 screening tool in @entity0 . In this study, we examined the diagnostic performance of whole-body MRI as a mechanism of @entity1 surveillance for @entity0 at increased genetic risk for @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four @entity0 (six @entity0 and 18 @entity0 ) with a mean age of 11.2 years (range, 2.1-18.2 years) underwent 50 unenhanced whole-body MRI examinations over a 5-year period. Scans were retrospectively reviewed and assessed for image quality; sequences performed; and the presence of osseous, soft-tissue, or solid organ abnormalities. Findings suggestive of a @entity1 were stratified by risk as low (< 20% chance for @entity1 ), moderate (20-80%), or high (> 80%). MRI findings were correlated with medical records, biopsy results, or additional follow-up imaging; biopsy and follow-up were considered as the reference standards. RESULTS: Forty-eight of 50 (96%) examinations were of very good quality. Nine findings suspicious for @entity1 were identified, including two high-risk, two moderate-risk, and five low-risk lesions. One high-risk lesion was proven by biopsy to be a @entity2 , with the remaining lesions deemed nonmalignant. The sensitivity of whole-body MRI was 100%; specificity, 94%; positive predictive value, 25%; and negative predictive value (NPV), 100%. CONCLUSION: Unenhanced whole-body MRI is safe and produces excellent images. The high sensitivity, specificity, and NPV make whole-body MRI a valuable @entity1 screening tool in @entity0 with a genetic predisposition for @entity1 .

title: Diagnostic Performance of Whole-Body MRI as a Tool for Cancer Screening in XXXX With Genetic Cancer-Predisposing Conditions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: One hundred sixty-four consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 were enrolled in a prospective trial of coronary thrombolysis with streptokinase (STK). The first 98 @entity0 received intracoronary (i.c.) STK after coronary angiography and the next 66 received a high-dose rapid infusion of STK (900,000 IU) intravenously (i.v.) before angiography. First-pass radionuclide ejection fraction (EF) was performed early (within 24 hours of admission) and late (10 to 14 days after admission) to evaluate left ventricular function. In the i.v. group, 42 of 66 (64%) of @entity4 were patent at the initial angiogram and 6 (9%) opened with subsequent i.c. STK. In the i.c. group, 13 of 98 (13%) of @entity4 were patent at the initial angiogram and 50 of 85 (59%) opened with the i.c. STK. The i.v. and i.c. groups did not differ in time from onset of @entity3 to presentation, type of @entity4 or underlying severity of @entity1 . In the i.v. group, STK was begun 67 minutes earlier than in the i.c. group. In 62 @entity0 in whom reperfusion was successful, mean EF increased from 39 +/- 11% early to 48 +/- 13% late. In 30 in whom it was not, the mean EF increased from 36 +/- 10% to 40 +/- 12%. The increase in EF was significantly greater in @entity0 in the reperfused group (p less than 0.03). In 18 @entity0 who underwent reperfusion by i.v. STK, the mean EF increased 11 +/- 12%, whereas in 44 @entity0 who had reperfusion by i.c. STK, the mean EF increased 9 +/- 10% (difference not significant).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Intravenous versus intracoronary streptokinase in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to determine the MRI and CT features of low-grade @entity2 in @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed images of 11 pediatric @entity0 with low-grade @entity2 from a phase 3 clinical trial of nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft-tissue @entity2 ( @entity0 's Oncology Group Protocol ARST0332). MRI and CT were performed in 10 and four @entity0 , respectively. Location, size, margin, and composition on imaging were correlated with pathologic findings. RESULTS: @entity1 were located in the extremities in nine @entity0 , and one @entity1 each was located in the tongue and lung. @entity1 were deep in seven @entity0 and superficial in four @entity0 . All @entity1 were well defined, solitary, and nonmetastatic at presentation. @entity1 were complex solid-cystic in eight @entity0 and completely solid in three @entity0 . On T1-weighted images, all @entity1 had at least some areas hypointense to muscles, and six had a split-fat sign. On STIR or T2-weighted images, eight @entity1 had areas hypointense to adjacent muscle, and eight @entity1 had fluid signal intensity. On contrast-enhanced MRI studies, eight @entity1 had thick enhancing internal septations, and three had peripheral nodular gyriform enhancement. When we correlated imaging to pathologic findings, areas with hypointense signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images were likely related to fibrous component; areas with fluid signal intensity on T2-weighted images were likely related to myxoid component. On CT, all four @entity1 were @entity3 to muscle, and one @entity1 showed punctate calcific foci. CONCLUSION: Low-grade @entity2 is @entity3 to muscle on CT. MRI may identify both fibrous and myxoid components of this rare pediatric soft-tissue @entity2 .

title: MRI and CT of Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma in XXXX : A Report From @entity0 's Oncology Group Study ARST0332.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to determine the MRI and CT features of low-grade @entity2 in @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed images of 11 pediatric @entity0 with low-grade @entity2 from a phase 3 clinical trial of nonrhabdomyosarcoma soft-tissue @entity2 ( @entity0 's Oncology Group Protocol ARST0332). MRI and CT were performed in 10 and four @entity0 , respectively. Location, size, margin, and composition on imaging were correlated with pathologic findings. RESULTS: @entity1 were located in the extremities in nine @entity0 , and one @entity1 each was located in the tongue and lung. @entity1 were deep in seven @entity0 and superficial in four @entity0 . All @entity1 were well defined, solitary, and nonmetastatic at presentation. @entity1 were complex solid-cystic in eight @entity0 and completely solid in three @entity0 . On T1-weighted images, all @entity1 had at least some areas hypointense to muscles, and six had a split-fat sign. On STIR or T2-weighted images, eight @entity1 had areas hypointense to adjacent muscle, and eight @entity1 had fluid signal intensity. On contrast-enhanced MRI studies, eight @entity1 had thick enhancing internal septations, and three had peripheral nodular gyriform enhancement. When we correlated imaging to pathologic findings, areas with hypointense signal intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images were likely related to fibrous component; areas with fluid signal intensity on T2-weighted images were likely related to myxoid component. On CT, all four @entity1 were @entity3 to muscle, and one @entity1 showed punctate calcific foci. CONCLUSION: Low-grade @entity2 is @entity3 to muscle on CT. MRI may identify both fibrous and myxoid components of this rare pediatric soft-tissue @entity2 .

title: MRI and CT of Low-Grade Fibromyxoid Sarcoma in @entity0 : A Report From XXXX 's Oncology Group Study ARST0332.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Reconstruction for symptomatic @entity5 knees has yielded varying success rates. Prosthetic cruciate replacement has recently become a potentially attractive alternative. The results of the Gore-Tex @entity4 ligament, which is intended as a permanent replacement, are reported. Eighty-two @entity0 were followed prospectively, mean age was 28 years (range, 16 to 51 years) and mean followup was 18 months (range, 12 to 30 months). Subjective scores improved in all categories, including @entity1 , swelling, giving way, locking, and stair climbing. All @entity0 without complications had no episodes of actual giving way, considered themselves improved, and returned to activities of daily living at 3 weeks and athletics at 8 months. Range of motion lacking at 3 months was 2 degrees of extension and 10 degrees of flexion, and at 12 months was 0 degrees of extension and 4 degrees of flexion. All mean objective data, including the anterior drawer, Lachman, and pivot shift, demonstrated improvement at final followup. Cybex testing revealed improvement in relative quadriceps strength from 88% to 99%. The KT-1000 Arthrometer showed improvement in the injured-normal knee difference score throughout the follow-up period. Of importance is that while final objective data was improved over initial data, an early nonprogressive shift toward loosening was indicated by worsening of the drawer, Lachman, pivot shift, and KT-1000 scores. This shift may be attributed to resorption of interposed soft tissue, creep, or loosening of the graft. Subjective scores remained stable after improving. Complications included four @entity3 , four chronic sterile effusions with partial attenuation, one @entity2 , and one symptomatic loose body.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Gore-Tex prosthetic ligament in XXXX knees.

answer: @entity5


abstract: At The Hospital for Special Surgery, the @entity1 tendon substitution (QTS), as described by Marshall, was performed for ACL insufficiency from 1973 to 1980. A review of the initial 60 @entity0 with a minimum of 4 years followup (average, 5.5 years) has been concluded. Thirty-eight @entity0 returned for examinations, and 11 returned questionnaires. Associated medial procedures were performed in 29 of the 38 examined @entity0 . Medial meniscus surgery was performed in 86% and lateral meniscus surgery in 28.9%. At followup, giving way, which was the main preoperative complaint, was eliminated in 30/38 examined and 9/11 questionnaire @entity0 (79%). In the examined group, three @entity0 were clear failures and five had mild transient instability. The pivot shift was present in 17 of 38 (45%) @entity0 examined: 21 @entity0 were negative, 9 were 1+ or a grind, 8 were 2+, and none were 3+. We have concluded that the QTS procedure will eliminate symptomatic instability in 79% of our @entity0 , but the high rate of a residual pivot shift (45%) and symptoms of instability (21%) require the addition of an extraarticular sling procedure. This appears to be related to the relatively poor strength characteristics of the tissue used in the QTS substitution.

title: Long-term followup of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the XXXX tendon substitution for chronic anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Among 37 consecutive cases of @entity4 in which the skin was either the only site of disease or one of the prominent sites of initial involvement, 19 cases had a distinctive histological appearance. These cases corresponded to what has been termed " @entity4 ," and all were found to exhibit a T-cell phenotype either by frozen-section immunohistochemistry or by using monoclonal antibodies reactive in paraffin sections. There were nine @entity0 and 10 @entity0 ; the mean age was 48.2 years. The lesions were nodular and were either ulcerated or had intact skin. One case presented with involvement of one anatomical region of skin, five had involvement of multiple regions of skin, and 13 had concurrent extracutaneous disease. The disease pursued an aggressive course and was not uncommonly resistant to treatment. Histologically, the @entity6 occurred predominantly in the mid to deep dermis with involvement of the subcutaneous layer. The pattern was mainly perivascular and peri-adnexal with or without confluence; the overlying epidermis and papillary dermis were often spared. A prominent feature was invasion of small or large blood vessels by @entity4 cells. Eight cases showed @entity2 of the neoplastic and normal tissues, and 12 cases showed @entity1 . The neoplastic lymphoid cells consisted of either a monomorphous population or a variable mixture of small, medium-sized, and large cells with stippled chromatin and distinct nucleoli. Although the nuclei were often irregularly folded, few exhibited a cerebriform configuration. The cytoplasm was pale to clear. These cases exhibit a remarkable histological similarity to the @entity5 of the nasal/nasopharyngeal region; in addition, there are features that overlap with so-called @entity3 .

title: XXXX . An aggressive lymphoma distinct from mycosis fungoides.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Several initiatives have been embarked upon over the past decade to encourage @entity0 screening and follow-up among @entity1 who reside in urban communities. With these efforts, data revealed that many @entity1 do not receive the recommended @entity0 screening. Studies have been published in scientific literature that explored barriers faced by @entity1 relative to @entity0 screening. But, only a few reports have been published of efforts initiated to define the limits of characteristics of @entity1 who have and @entity1 who have not been screened. This cross-sectional exploratory study was designed to examine the @entity0 screening practices of @entity1 40-74 years of age and older who reside in a densely populated metropolitan community of S.E. Wisconsin, and to identify and compare the characteristics of @entity1 who report @entity0 screening and with characteristics of @entity1 who report no @entity0 screening. The organizing framework for this study was derived from the United States Department of Health and @entity1 Services Determinants of Health Model. An investigator-designed instrument was used to assess the influence of age, family history of @entity0 insurance status, characteristics of residential neighborhood and local access to breast care on @entity0 screening. While the majority of the @entity1 surveyed reported @entity0 screening, less than half of the @entity1 reported screening that was consistent with recommended @entity0 screening guidelines (i.e. annual mammography and annual clinical breast examination). Deficits in @entity0 screening were noted most among @entity1 who were uninsured, with no knownfamily history of @entity0 , who resided in @entity2 , @entity3 without facilities for primary breast care. The results of this study demonstrate the needfor clinicians, health care administrators and advocates committed to @entity0 detection and control within targeted communities. They must carefully assess the impact of individual, social and structural factors on @entity0 screening, and the need to design initiatives specifically targeted to @entity1 who have received less than optimal or no @entity0 screening.

title: Exploratory Study of Breast Cancer Screening Practices of Urban XXXX : A Closer Look at Who Is and Is Not Getting Screened.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. We have investigated, using @entity1 aortic rings, whether exogenous @entity4 (NO) gas affects the activity or expression of the inducible, @entity2 -independent NO synthase. 2. Incubation of rings with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, S. typhosa) for 6 h resulted in a gradual loss of tissue tone, a time-dependent reduction in constrictor response to @entity5 and significant expression and activity of @entity2 -independent NO synthase. 3. Following incubation of LPS-treated rings with NO gas, the expression of @entity6 mRNA was still observed, although the enzyme activity was significantly reduced and there was no reduction in the response to @entity5 . 4. Therefore, NO gas can inhibit the action but not the induction of an NO synthase likely to play a role in inflammatory states such as @entity3 ( @entity3 ). 5. These observations may explain the rebound phenomenon observed in some @entity3 @entity0 following inhalation therapy with NO gas.

title: Effect of XXXX gas on the generation of @entity4 by isolated blood vessels: implications for inhalation therapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. We have investigated, using @entity1 aortic rings, whether exogenous @entity4 (NO) gas affects the activity or expression of the inducible, @entity2 -independent NO synthase. 2. Incubation of rings with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, S. typhosa) for 6 h resulted in a gradual loss of tissue tone, a time-dependent reduction in constrictor response to @entity5 and significant expression and activity of @entity2 -independent NO synthase. 3. Following incubation of LPS-treated rings with NO gas, the expression of @entity6 mRNA was still observed, although the enzyme activity was significantly reduced and there was no reduction in the response to @entity5 . 4. Therefore, NO gas can inhibit the action but not the induction of an NO synthase likely to play a role in inflammatory states such as @entity3 ( @entity3 ). 5. These observations may explain the rebound phenomenon observed in some @entity3 @entity0 following inhalation therapy with NO gas.

title: Effect of @entity4 gas on the generation of XXXX by isolated blood vessels: implications for inhalation therapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The hemolytic plaque assay technique can be used to detect specific hormone release from single pituitary cells. Using antisera raised against @entity1 GH or @entity2 PRL, we have enumerated the active lactotropes and somatotropes from male and female @entity2 pituitary glands. These studies reveal sex-related differences in the number of cells exporting GH and PRL among anterior pituitary cells in culture. In the presence of @entity0 GH-releasing factor ( @entity3 ), the mean percentage of GH cells was 53% in males and 30% in females (P less than 0.005). The mean percentage of PRL cells was 15% in males and 39% in females (P less than 0.008). These values were not significantly altered when @entity3 was omitted. The sum of GH and PRL cells identified in separate plaque assays significantly exceeds the number obtained when GH and PRL cells were determined concurrently with a simultaneous plaque assay for both hormones. This difference is dependent on the presence of @entity3 , since there was no difference when @entity3 was omitted. These data identify the mammosomatotrope in numbers lower than previous reports. By this approach, the mammosomatotrope subpopulation numbers about 5% of all cells in culture. In summary, we demonstrate a sex-related difference in the number of cells exporting GH or PRL among pituitary cells in culture. This difference corresponds with and may underly sex-related differences in the responsiveness of GH and PRL secretion from the pituitary gland. Furthermore, a minor subpopulation of normal pituitary cells appears capable of simultaneous secretion of both GH and PRL.

title: Enumeration of lactotropes and somatotropes among male and female pituitary cells in culture: evidence in favor of a mammosomatotrope subpopulation in the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Micro- @entity4 , glycosylated haemoglobin and @entity6 clearance were measured in 28 insulin dependent and 8 insulin requiring @entity1 @entity0 (17 males aged 45 +/- 14.4 and 19 females aged 40 +/- 17 years). Twelve had @entity5 and six had @entity2 . There was no statistical difference of duration of @entity1 , @entity6 clearance and glycosylated haemoglobin between @entity0 with normal microalbuminuria and @entity0 with hyper microalbuminuria. There was no correlation between glycosylated haemoglobin and micro- @entity4 , between @entity6 clearance and micro- @entity4 , and between @entity6 clearance and glycosylated haemoglobin. @entity0 with @entity5 did not have significantly higher levels of micro- @entity4 . @entity2 @entity0 had a significantly higher micro- @entity4 (p = 0.03, m = 45.10 +/- 56) compared with normotensive @entity0 (m = 15.49 +/- 17.54). Glycosylated haemoglobin did not differ whether @entity0 were normo or @entity2 . @entity2 @entity0 were significantly older (p = 0.01) than normotensive. The lack of difference in glycemic control between normo and @entity2 @entity1 suggests that @entity1 and @entity2 are two independent cumulative risk factors of micro- @entity4 . Hypermicro- @entity4 may be secondary to @entity3 in young @entity1 and secondary to @entity2 in old @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX type I @entity1 have a higher level of microalbuminuria than normotensives irrespective of blood glucose equilibrium].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Micro- @entity4 , glycosylated haemoglobin and @entity6 clearance were measured in 28 insulin dependent and 8 insulin requiring @entity1 @entity0 (17 males aged 45 +/- 14.4 and 19 females aged 40 +/- 17 years). Twelve had @entity5 and six had @entity2 . There was no statistical difference of duration of @entity1 , @entity6 clearance and glycosylated haemoglobin between @entity0 with normal microalbuminuria and @entity0 with hyper microalbuminuria. There was no correlation between glycosylated haemoglobin and micro- @entity4 , between @entity6 clearance and micro- @entity4 , and between @entity6 clearance and glycosylated haemoglobin. @entity0 with @entity5 did not have significantly higher levels of micro- @entity4 . @entity2 @entity0 had a significantly higher micro- @entity4 (p = 0.03, m = 45.10 +/- 56) compared with normotensive @entity0 (m = 15.49 +/- 17.54). Glycosylated haemoglobin did not differ whether @entity0 were normo or @entity2 . @entity2 @entity0 were significantly older (p = 0.01) than normotensive. The lack of difference in glycemic control between normo and @entity2 @entity1 suggests that @entity1 and @entity2 are two independent cumulative risk factors of micro- @entity4 . Hypermicro- @entity4 may be secondary to @entity3 in young @entity1 and secondary to @entity2 in old @entity1 .

title: [ @entity2 type I XXXX have a higher level of microalbuminuria than normotensives irrespective of blood glucose equilibrium].

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study tested the effects of using a Gore-Tex periodontal material on new connective tissue attachment in @entity0 with natural @entity1 . Seven female @entity0 with advanced @entity1 were selected and given thorough root debridement. Under general anesthesia four weeks later, mucoperiosteal flaps were raised involving all mandibular premolars and first molars. Gore-Tex periodontal material was adapted to all premolars, and the flaps were sutured tightly, keeping the material covered. The first molars acted as controls, receiving only surgery. Some material was removed in one month, while other materials were removed eight to 10 weeks after surgery. All @entity0 were sacrificed at three months. After processing, descriptive histology and histometrics were carried out, evaluating new connective tissue attachment, bone response and @entity2 . Results were statistically analyzed, using paired t tests. They showed new connective tissue attachment with cementum deposition in areas where the material was used. Also, the @entity2 was reduced in these areas. In the controls, minimal connective tissue attachment was found, with the area healing by a long junctional epithelium. Statistical analysis showed significant differences (P less than 0.05) favoring experimental areas both in the increase of new connective tissue attachment and in the decrease of @entity2 . No differences were found between areas where the material was removed in one month or left longer in place. No difference in bone response was found. Gore-Tex material was effective in blocking gingival @entity2 and connective tissue proliferation, promoting new attachment according to the principle of "guided tissue regeneration."

title: New attachment achieved by guided tissue regeneration in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process in which epithelial cells lose polarity and cell-to-cell contacts and acquire the migratory and invasive abilities of mesenchymal cells. These abilities are thought to be prerequisites for the establishment of @entity2 . A hallmark of EMT is the functional loss of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression in epithelial cells. @entity8 , a transcription factor that represses @entity7 transcription, is among the EMT inducers. @entity6 , a @entity4 -finger transcription factor, and its close relative @entity9 have similar properties to @entity8 and are thus also EMT inducers. @entity5 , which is upregulated by @entity3 in the uterus by an @entity3 response cis-acting element (ERE) in its promoter, is associated with proliferation in @entity1 . The role of EMT and proliferation in the pathogenesis of @entity1 was evaluated by analyzing @entity8 , @entity7 and @entity5 expression. METHODS: @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity6 and @entity9 mRNA expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR from 47 controls and 74 @entity0 with @entity1 . Approximately 42 ectopic and 62 eutopic endometrial tissues, of which 30 were matched samples, were collected during the same surgical procedure. We evaluated @entity8 and @entity5 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the epithelial and stromal tissue of 69 eutopic and 90 ectopic endometrium samples, of which 49 matched samples were analyzed from the same @entity0 . Concordant expression of @entity8 / @entity6 / @entity9 and @entity7 but also of @entity8 and @entity5 was analyzed. RESULTS: We found that @entity8 , @entity6 and @entity9 are overexpressed (p   <   0.001, p   =   0.016 and p   <   0.001) in @entity1 , while @entity7 expression was concordantly reduced in these samples (p   <   0.001). Similar to @entity8 , the epithelial expression of @entity5 was also significantly enhanced in ectopic endometrium compared to eutopic tissues (p   =   0.008). We found exclusive expression of either @entity8 or @entity5 in the same samples (p   =   0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Epithelial @entity8 is overexpressed in @entity1 and may contribute to the formation of @entity2 by inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition, as @entity7 was reduced in ectopic lesions. We found exclusive expression of either @entity8 or @entity5 in the same samples, indicating that EMT and proliferation contribute independently of each other to the formation of @entity2 .

title: Enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and upregulated @entity5 in ectopic lesions contribute independently to XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process in which epithelial cells lose polarity and cell-to-cell contacts and acquire the migratory and invasive abilities of mesenchymal cells. These abilities are thought to be prerequisites for the establishment of @entity2 . A hallmark of EMT is the functional loss of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) expression in epithelial cells. @entity8 , a transcription factor that represses @entity7 transcription, is among the EMT inducers. @entity6 , a @entity4 -finger transcription factor, and its close relative @entity9 have similar properties to @entity8 and are thus also EMT inducers. @entity5 , which is upregulated by @entity3 in the uterus by an @entity3 response cis-acting element (ERE) in its promoter, is associated with proliferation in @entity1 . The role of EMT and proliferation in the pathogenesis of @entity1 was evaluated by analyzing @entity8 , @entity7 and @entity5 expression. METHODS: @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity6 and @entity9 mRNA expression was analyzed by qRT-PCR from 47 controls and 74 @entity0 with @entity1 . Approximately 42 ectopic and 62 eutopic endometrial tissues, of which 30 were matched samples, were collected during the same surgical procedure. We evaluated @entity8 and @entity5 protein expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the epithelial and stromal tissue of 69 eutopic and 90 ectopic endometrium samples, of which 49 matched samples were analyzed from the same @entity0 . Concordant expression of @entity8 / @entity6 / @entity9 and @entity7 but also of @entity8 and @entity5 was analyzed. RESULTS: We found that @entity8 , @entity6 and @entity9 are overexpressed (p   <   0.001, p   =   0.016 and p   <   0.001) in @entity1 , while @entity7 expression was concordantly reduced in these samples (p   <   0.001). Similar to @entity8 , the epithelial expression of @entity5 was also significantly enhanced in ectopic endometrium compared to eutopic tissues (p   =   0.008). We found exclusive expression of either @entity8 or @entity5 in the same samples (p   =   0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Epithelial @entity8 is overexpressed in @entity1 and may contribute to the formation of @entity2 by inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition, as @entity7 was reduced in ectopic lesions. We found exclusive expression of either @entity8 or @entity5 in the same samples, indicating that EMT and proliferation contribute independently of each other to the formation of @entity2 .

title: Enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and upregulated XXXX in ectopic lesions contribute independently to @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Because of the continued development and production of a variety of nanomaterials and nanoparticles, their uptake and effects on the biota of marine ecosystems must be investigated. Filter feeding bivalve molluscs are highly adapted for capturing particles from the external environment and readily internalize nano- and micro-sized particles through endocytosis, so they are commonly used as valuable indicator species for nanoparticle studies. In these studies, adult @entity4 , @entity4 , were exposed to a range of @entity3 nanoparticle ( @entity2 -NP) concentrations (5, 50, 500, and 5000   g/L) in conjunction with natural sunlight. Isolated hepatopancreas tissues were also exposed to the same @entity2 -NP concentrations using particles exposed to similar light and dark conditions. Dose-dependent decreases in lysosomal stability were observed in the adult oyster studies as well as in the isolated tissues, at exposures as low as 50   g/L. @entity1 accumulation in isolated hepatopancreas tissue studies was directly correlated to lysosomal destabilization. Based on measurements of lipid peroxidation as an indicator of oxidative stress, @entity2 -NPs @entity0 was not related to increased ROS production over the short-term course of these exposures. Analysis of particle size using dynamic light scattering (DLS) indicated that concentration had a significant impact on agglomeration rates, and the small agglomerates as well as individual particles are readily processed by oysters. Overall, this study illustrates that low concentrations of @entity2 -NPs may cause sublethal @entity0 on oysters, which might be enhanced under natural sunlight conditions. In estuarine environments, where these nanomaterials are likely to accumulate, agglomeration rates, interaction with organics, and responses to sunlight are critical in determining the extent of their bioreactivity and biological impacts.

title: Cellular responses of @entity4 , @entity4 , to XXXX nanoparticles.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Because of the continued development and production of a variety of nanomaterials and nanoparticles, their uptake and effects on the biota of marine ecosystems must be investigated. Filter feeding bivalve molluscs are highly adapted for capturing particles from the external environment and readily internalize nano- and micro-sized particles through endocytosis, so they are commonly used as valuable indicator species for nanoparticle studies. In these studies, adult @entity4 , @entity4 , were exposed to a range of @entity3 nanoparticle ( @entity2 -NP) concentrations (5, 50, 500, and 5000   g/L) in conjunction with natural sunlight. Isolated hepatopancreas tissues were also exposed to the same @entity2 -NP concentrations using particles exposed to similar light and dark conditions. Dose-dependent decreases in lysosomal stability were observed in the adult oyster studies as well as in the isolated tissues, at exposures as low as 50   g/L. @entity1 accumulation in isolated hepatopancreas tissue studies was directly correlated to lysosomal destabilization. Based on measurements of lipid peroxidation as an indicator of oxidative stress, @entity2 -NPs @entity0 was not related to increased ROS production over the short-term course of these exposures. Analysis of particle size using dynamic light scattering (DLS) indicated that concentration had a significant impact on agglomeration rates, and the small agglomerates as well as individual particles are readily processed by oysters. Overall, this study illustrates that low concentrations of @entity2 -NPs may cause sublethal @entity0 on oysters, which might be enhanced under natural sunlight conditions. In estuarine environments, where these nanomaterials are likely to accumulate, agglomeration rates, interaction with organics, and responses to sunlight are critical in determining the extent of their bioreactivity and biological impacts.

title: Cellular responses of XXXX , @entity4 , to @entity3 nanoparticles.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Because of the continued development and production of a variety of nanomaterials and nanoparticles, their uptake and effects on the biota of marine ecosystems must be investigated. Filter feeding bivalve molluscs are highly adapted for capturing particles from the external environment and readily internalize nano- and micro-sized particles through endocytosis, so they are commonly used as valuable indicator species for nanoparticle studies. In these studies, adult @entity4 , @entity4 , were exposed to a range of @entity3 nanoparticle ( @entity2 -NP) concentrations (5, 50, 500, and 5000   g/L) in conjunction with natural sunlight. Isolated hepatopancreas tissues were also exposed to the same @entity2 -NP concentrations using particles exposed to similar light and dark conditions. Dose-dependent decreases in lysosomal stability were observed in the adult oyster studies as well as in the isolated tissues, at exposures as low as 50   g/L. @entity1 accumulation in isolated hepatopancreas tissue studies was directly correlated to lysosomal destabilization. Based on measurements of lipid peroxidation as an indicator of oxidative stress, @entity2 -NPs @entity0 was not related to increased ROS production over the short-term course of these exposures. Analysis of particle size using dynamic light scattering (DLS) indicated that concentration had a significant impact on agglomeration rates, and the small agglomerates as well as individual particles are readily processed by oysters. Overall, this study illustrates that low concentrations of @entity2 -NPs may cause sublethal @entity0 on oysters, which might be enhanced under natural sunlight conditions. In estuarine environments, where these nanomaterials are likely to accumulate, agglomeration rates, interaction with organics, and responses to sunlight are critical in determining the extent of their bioreactivity and biological impacts.

title: Cellular responses of @entity4 , XXXX , to @entity3 nanoparticles.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: The in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy rate of @entity0 with advanced stage @entity2 is nearly half that of the general population, suggesting incomplete targeting of the pathophysiology underlying @entity2 -associated @entity3 . Compelling evidence highlights inflammation as the etiologic link between @entity2 and @entity3 and a potential target for adjunctive treatment. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of @entity4 on @entity1 embryos exposed to @entity0 endometriotic peritoneal fluid (PF) using the established @entity1 embryo assay model. METHODS: PF was obtained from @entity0 with and without severe @entity2 . @entity1 embryos were harvested and randomly allocated to five groups of culture media conditions: (1) @entity0 tubal fluid (HTF), (2) HTF and 10  % PF from @entity0 without @entity2 , (3) HTF and 10  % PF from @entity0 with @entity2 (PF-E), (4) HTF with PF-E and 0.01  mcg/mL @entity4 , and (5) HTF with PF-E and 0.1  mcg/mL @entity4 . Embryos were cultured in standard conditions and evaluated for blastocyst development. RESULTS: A total of 266 @entity1 embryos were cultured. Baseline blastulation rates were 63.6  %. The addition of peritoneal fluid from @entity0 with @entity2 decreased the blastocyst development rate to 38.9  % (P   =   0.008). The addition of 0.1  mcg/mL of @entity4 to the culture media restored the blastulation rate to near baseline levels (61.2  %; P   =   0.019). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our in vitro study demonstrate the capacity of @entity4 to mitigate the deleterious impact of endometriotic PF on embryo development. If confirmed in vivo, @entity4 may prove a useful adjunct for the treatment of @entity2 -associated @entity3 .

title: XXXX attenuates the embryotoxic effect of endometriotic peritoneal fluid in a @entity1 model.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: The in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancy rate of @entity0 with advanced stage @entity2 is nearly half that of the general population, suggesting incomplete targeting of the pathophysiology underlying @entity2 -associated @entity3 . Compelling evidence highlights inflammation as the etiologic link between @entity2 and @entity3 and a potential target for adjunctive treatment. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of @entity4 on @entity1 embryos exposed to @entity0 endometriotic peritoneal fluid (PF) using the established @entity1 embryo assay model. METHODS: PF was obtained from @entity0 with and without severe @entity2 . @entity1 embryos were harvested and randomly allocated to five groups of culture media conditions: (1) @entity0 tubal fluid (HTF), (2) HTF and 10  % PF from @entity0 without @entity2 , (3) HTF and 10  % PF from @entity0 with @entity2 (PF-E), (4) HTF with PF-E and 0.01  mcg/mL @entity4 , and (5) HTF with PF-E and 0.1  mcg/mL @entity4 . Embryos were cultured in standard conditions and evaluated for blastocyst development. RESULTS: A total of 266 @entity1 embryos were cultured. Baseline blastulation rates were 63.6  %. The addition of peritoneal fluid from @entity0 with @entity2 decreased the blastocyst development rate to 38.9  % (P   =   0.008). The addition of 0.1  mcg/mL of @entity4 to the culture media restored the blastulation rate to near baseline levels (61.2  %; P   =   0.019). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our in vitro study demonstrate the capacity of @entity4 to mitigate the deleterious impact of endometriotic PF on embryo development. If confirmed in vivo, @entity4 may prove a useful adjunct for the treatment of @entity2 -associated @entity3 .

title: @entity4 attenuates the embryotoxic effect of endometriotic peritoneal fluid in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is proposed that family members are important sources of support in helping those with chronic @entity1 to remain at work, but the phenomenon remains largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to examine the extent and nature of support provided by family members in this respect. METHODS: Qualitative data were collected from workers and their 'significant others' (spouses/partners/close family members) in two un-related studies focused on working with @entity0 ; one conducted in the United Kingdom (n = 10 dyads) and one in the Netherlands (n = 21 dyads). Thematic analysis techniques were applied to both sets of data independently, and findings were then assimilated to establish common themes. RESULTS: Findings were broadly similar in both studies. Workers acknowledged significant other support in helping them to manage their @entity0 and remain at work, and their descriptions of the type of support provided and required were echoed by their significant others. Three common themes were identified - 'connectivity', 'activity' and 'positivity'. Worker and significant other responses were largely congruent, but significant others provided more in-depth information on the nature of their support, their concerns and the impact on their relationship. CONCLUSIONS: This research presents novel insights about the specific contribution made by significant others in helping their relatives with chronic @entity1 to stay at work. These findings add to the under-represented 'social' dimension of the biopsychosocial model currently applied to our understanding and treatment of @entity0 , and point to harnessing support from significant others as a potentially effective management strategy.

title: 'I think positivity breeds positivity': a qualitative exploration of the role of family members in supporting those with chronic XXXX to stay at work.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Secretion and synthesis of @entity0 are stimulated by the lack of @entity3 and by a low @entity2 intake. They are inhibited by a high @entity2 intake, by denervation and by @entity1 . A high @entity2 intake can overcome the effect of the lack of @entity3 . A low @entity2 balance and the lack of @entity3 did not have additive effects. The @entity2 effects did not appear to depend on the presence of the macula densa, the presence of @entity3 , or the presence of the nerve supply. It was not evaluated whether baroreceptors may be important in allowing @entity2 effects to be processed, but in the experiments conducted there were no significant changes in blood pressure associated with alterations in @entity2 balance. @entity2 balance has an important effect on synthesis and secretion. This effect does not appear to be mediated by the usual set of controls and raises questions as to the signal relating @entity2 balance to @entity0 synthesis. Secretion does appear to depend on macula densa. The role of the macula densa appears to control the basal level of @entity0 secretion and to permit the conversion and processing of prorenin to @entity0 .

title: [The regulation of XXXX synthesis].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The spatial and temporal expression of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) in the coleoptile of @entity1 seedlings was investigated with monoclonal antibodies (MAC207, JIM13, JIM14) raised against particular @entity5 epitopes in @entity4 . MAC207 binds to a buffer-soluble @entity5 fraction of 90-210 kDa that also reacts with beta-glucosyl Yariv reagent and the lectin RCA120. Immunogold-labelling showed that the MAC207 epitope is exclusively localized in the plasma membrane. JIM13 binds to a 120 kDa component of the buffer-soluble @entity5 fraction localized in the plasma membrane of future sclerenchyma cells and secondary-wall thickenings of future tracheids of vascular bundles. JIM14 binds to a 50 kDa component of the salt-extractable fraction from cell walls localized in the innermost wall layer of sclerenchyma cells. These @entity5 epitopes demonstrate different temporal expression patterns which do not correlate with extension growth. Auxin had no effect on the amount of soluble @entity5 from coleoptile sections, containing the growth-controlling epidermis but no vascular bundles, as measured by crossed electrophoresis. Moreover, incorporation of radioactive @entity3 , @entity2 or @entity0 into this fraction was not stimulated by auxin. These results contradict the hypothesis that AGPs function as wall-loosening agents in auxin-mediated extension growth. The results are compatible with the notion that AGPs serve as developmental markers defining particular features of future cell differentiation. The specific association of the epitopes recognized by JIM13 and JIM14 with disintegrating cells suggests that the related AGPs identify those cells of the coleoptile which are committed to programmed cell death.

title: Arabinogalactan proteins in XXXX coleoptiles: developmental relationship to cell death during xylem differentiation but not to extension growth.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity. @entity6 , such as @entity1 or @entity4 , are among the main causes of worsening outcomes and @entity2 . The aim of this study was to discover a biomarker to predict @entity3 in @entity5 @entity0 . For this purpose, the plasma of infected and noninfected @entity0 was compared using quantitative mass spectrometry. The most interesting differentially expressed proteins were selected for validation by immunoassays on plasma samples taken from @entity0 (n = 81) over 10 days of hospitalization. Predictive performances were established using Mann-Whitney U tests and receiver operating characteristic curves. Quantitative proteomics identified 17 significantly regulated proteins. Of these, levels of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were significantly higher in infected @entity0 (p < 0.007). ELISA confirmed that the concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.002) already at hospital admission in @entity0 who subsequently developed an @entity3 during their hospitalization, (AUC of 76%) for a cutoff value of 90.9  g/mL. Our data suggested that measuring @entity7 could be an efficient means of detecting @entity0 susceptible of developing an @entity3 during hospitalization after an @entity5 . Its predictive capacity could lead to earlier antibiotherapy, improved @entity0 management, and potentially better long-term outcomes.

title: Measuring XXXX for Infection Prediction in @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is associated with high rates of mortality and morbidity. @entity6 , such as @entity1 or @entity4 , are among the main causes of worsening outcomes and @entity2 . The aim of this study was to discover a biomarker to predict @entity3 in @entity5 @entity0 . For this purpose, the plasma of infected and noninfected @entity0 was compared using quantitative mass spectrometry. The most interesting differentially expressed proteins were selected for validation by immunoassays on plasma samples taken from @entity0 (n = 81) over 10 days of hospitalization. Predictive performances were established using Mann-Whitney U tests and receiver operating characteristic curves. Quantitative proteomics identified 17 significantly regulated proteins. Of these, levels of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were significantly higher in infected @entity0 (p < 0.007). ELISA confirmed that the concentrations were significantly higher (p < 0.002) already at hospital admission in @entity0 who subsequently developed an @entity3 during their hospitalization, (AUC of 76%) for a cutoff value of 90.9  g/mL. Our data suggested that measuring @entity7 could be an efficient means of detecting @entity0 susceptible of developing an @entity3 during hospitalization after an @entity5 . Its predictive capacity could lead to earlier antibiotherapy, improved @entity0 management, and potentially better long-term outcomes.

title: Measuring @entity7 for Infection Prediction in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Forty @entity0 with @entity1 (23 @entity0 , 17 @entity0 ) underwent nonsurgical palliative biliary drainage over a period of 12 years. All were surgically unfit or had unresectable disease. All were @entity3 at presentation with a mean serum @entity2 of 11.5 +/- 1.9 mg/dl. Thirty @entity0 (75%) had @entity4 . Twenty-eight were drained percutaneously, three endoscopically and nine by a combined endoscopic and percutaneous procedure. Technical success was 97.5%. Final mean @entity2 was 1.5 +/- 0.4 mg/dl. Minor complications occurred in 10 (25%) @entity0 , and major complications in four (10%). Procedure-related mortality was 2.5% with a 30-day mortality of 7.5%. Mean survival was 8.2 +/- 0.5 months. Stent changes were required in eight @entity0 . In @entity0 with inoperable or unresectable @entity1 , percutaneous or endoscopic biliary drainage offers effective palliation.

title: Nonsurgical management of primary XXXX . Retrospective analysis of 40 cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Glucocorticoids (GCs), the adrenal steroids secreted during stress, have numerous catabolic effects which include damage to neurons of the hippocampus, a principal neural target site for the @entity4 . In the @entity1 , the extent of GC exposure over the lifespan is a major determinant of the rate of hippocampal neuron death during aging. GCs also modulate the severity of @entity3 in the @entity1 following insults such as @entity5 or @entity6 - @entity2 . As evidence, exogenous GCs exacerbate, while adrenalectomy attenuates @entity3 after these insults. Thus, it is possible that diminution of endogenous GC secretion might protect the @entity0 hippocampus after similar neurological insults; adrenalectomy under such circumstances is obviously not a viable clinical option. We demonstrate the protective effects of transient chemical adrenalectomy with the GC synthesis inhibitor, @entity9 . @entity1 were microinfused with the excitotoxin @entity8 in order to induce @entity5 ; this insult caused a significant GC stress-response. Attenuation of that response with @entity9 reduced the @entity7 @entity3 produced by @entity8 . @entity9 did not change the intensity of @entity5 , but rather, apparently, changed the capacity of neurons to withstand the @entity5 . Thus, @entity9 , which is used safely and efficaciously in other clinical contexts, might prove protective of the brain following @entity5 in the @entity0 .

title: Chemical adrenalectomy reduces XXXX induced by @entity8 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Glucocorticoids (GCs), the adrenal steroids secreted during stress, have numerous catabolic effects which include damage to neurons of the hippocampus, a principal neural target site for the @entity4 . In the @entity1 , the extent of GC exposure over the lifespan is a major determinant of the rate of hippocampal neuron death during aging. GCs also modulate the severity of @entity3 in the @entity1 following insults such as @entity5 or @entity6 - @entity2 . As evidence, exogenous GCs exacerbate, while adrenalectomy attenuates @entity3 after these insults. Thus, it is possible that diminution of endogenous GC secretion might protect the @entity0 hippocampus after similar neurological insults; adrenalectomy under such circumstances is obviously not a viable clinical option. We demonstrate the protective effects of transient chemical adrenalectomy with the GC synthesis inhibitor, @entity9 . @entity1 were microinfused with the excitotoxin @entity8 in order to induce @entity5 ; this insult caused a significant GC stress-response. Attenuation of that response with @entity9 reduced the @entity7 @entity3 produced by @entity8 . @entity9 did not change the intensity of @entity5 , but rather, apparently, changed the capacity of neurons to withstand the @entity5 . Thus, @entity9 , which is used safely and efficaciously in other clinical contexts, might prove protective of the brain following @entity5 in the @entity0 .

title: Chemical adrenalectomy reduces @entity3 induced by XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 / @entity1 kinase 33 (STK33) has been shown to be conserved across all major vertebrate classes including reptiles, mammals, amphibians and fish, suggesting its importance within vertebrates. It has been shown to phosphorylate vimentin and might play a role in spermatogenesis and organ ontogenesis. In this study we analyzed the genomic locus and expression of stk33 in the class Aves, using a combination of large scale next generation sequencing data analysis and traditional PCR. RESULTS: Within the subclass Palaeognathae we analyzed the white-throated tinamou (Tinamus guttatus), the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). For the @entity2 we were able to generate a 62,778 bp long genomic contig and an mRNA sequence that encodes a protein showing highly significant similarity to STK33 proteins from other vertebrates. The @entity3 has been shown to encode and transcribe a functional STK33 as well. For the white-throated tinamou we were able to identify 13 exons by sequence comparison encoding a protein similar to STK33 as well. In contrast, in all 28 neognath birds analyzed, we could not find evidence for the existence of a functional copy of stk33 or its expression. In the genomes of these 28 bird species, we found only remnants of the stk33 locus carrying several large genomic deletions, leading to the loss of multiple exons. The remaining exons have acquired various indels and premature stop codons. CONCLUSIONS: We were able to elucidate and describe the genomic structure and the transcription of a functional stk33 gene within the subclass Palaeognathae, but we could only find degenerate remnants of stk33 in all neognath birds analyzed. This led us to the conclusion that stk33 became a unitary pseudogene in the evolutionary history of the class Aves at the paleognath-neognath branch point during the late cretaceous period about 100 million years ago. We hypothesize that the pseudogenization of stk33 might have become fixed in neognaths due to either genetic redundancy or a non-orthologous gene displacement and present potential candidate genes for such an incident.

title: The @entity0 / XXXX kinase 33 is present and expressed in palaeognath birds but has become a unitary pseudogene in neognaths about 100 million years ago.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 / @entity1 kinase 33 (STK33) has been shown to be conserved across all major vertebrate classes including reptiles, mammals, amphibians and fish, suggesting its importance within vertebrates. It has been shown to phosphorylate vimentin and might play a role in spermatogenesis and organ ontogenesis. In this study we analyzed the genomic locus and expression of stk33 in the class Aves, using a combination of large scale next generation sequencing data analysis and traditional PCR. RESULTS: Within the subclass Palaeognathae we analyzed the white-throated tinamou (Tinamus guttatus), the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). For the @entity2 we were able to generate a 62,778 bp long genomic contig and an mRNA sequence that encodes a protein showing highly significant similarity to STK33 proteins from other vertebrates. The @entity3 has been shown to encode and transcribe a functional STK33 as well. For the white-throated tinamou we were able to identify 13 exons by sequence comparison encoding a protein similar to STK33 as well. In contrast, in all 28 neognath birds analyzed, we could not find evidence for the existence of a functional copy of stk33 or its expression. In the genomes of these 28 bird species, we found only remnants of the stk33 locus carrying several large genomic deletions, leading to the loss of multiple exons. The remaining exons have acquired various indels and premature stop codons. CONCLUSIONS: We were able to elucidate and describe the genomic structure and the transcription of a functional stk33 gene within the subclass Palaeognathae, but we could only find degenerate remnants of stk33 in all neognath birds analyzed. This led us to the conclusion that stk33 became a unitary pseudogene in the evolutionary history of the class Aves at the paleognath-neognath branch point during the late cretaceous period about 100 million years ago. We hypothesize that the pseudogenization of stk33 might have become fixed in neognaths due to either genetic redundancy or a non-orthologous gene displacement and present potential candidate genes for such an incident.

title: The XXXX / @entity1 kinase 33 is present and expressed in palaeognath birds but has become a unitary pseudogene in neognaths about 100 million years ago.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Open pelvic disruptions represent high-energy injuries. The prompt identification and management of these injuries decreases their associated morbidity and mortality. Computed tomography (CT) scans are routinely obtained in the initial evaluation of @entity0 with @entity1 . The purpose of this study is to identify the incidence and source of air densities noted on computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdominal and pelvic region in @entity0 with @entity2 and evaluate the use of initial CT imaging as an adjunctive diagnostic tool to identify open injuries. A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database was performed at a single institution. Seven hundred and twenty-two consecutive @entity0 with a pelvic disruption over a two-year period were included. Review of @entity1 scans was performed using bone and lung viewing algorithms to identify the presence of extra-luminal air. The primary outcome was the presence, location and source of air identified on pre-operative CT scans. Secondary measurements were identification of air by plain radiograph and correlation between identified air densities on CT and clinically diagnosed @entity3 . Ninety-eight @entity0 were identified as having extra-luminal air densities on CT scans. Eighty-one @entity0 were included in the final analysis following application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Air was noted by the radiologist in forty-five (55.6%) instances. Six @entity0 (7.4%) were clinically diagnosed with an open pelvic ring disruption; in two @entity0 (2.4%) this diagnosis was delayed. In all @entity0 , the CT was able to track air from its origin. In @entity0 with pelvic disruptions, the @entity1 should also be evaluated for the presence and source of extra-luminal air. In some @entity0 , this finding may represent an open pelvic ring disruption. A complete physical exam and CT evaluation should be used to decrease the missed or delayed diagnosis of an open @entity1 .

title: Use of the initial @entity1 CT scan to aid in diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Open pelvic disruptions represent high-energy injuries. The prompt identification and management of these injuries decreases their associated morbidity and mortality. Computed tomography (CT) scans are routinely obtained in the initial evaluation of @entity0 with @entity1 . The purpose of this study is to identify the incidence and source of air densities noted on computed tomography (CT) scans of the abdominal and pelvic region in @entity0 with @entity2 and evaluate the use of initial CT imaging as an adjunctive diagnostic tool to identify open injuries. A retrospective review of a prospectively collected database was performed at a single institution. Seven hundred and twenty-two consecutive @entity0 with a pelvic disruption over a two-year period were included. Review of @entity1 scans was performed using bone and lung viewing algorithms to identify the presence of extra-luminal air. The primary outcome was the presence, location and source of air identified on pre-operative CT scans. Secondary measurements were identification of air by plain radiograph and correlation between identified air densities on CT and clinically diagnosed @entity3 . Ninety-eight @entity0 were identified as having extra-luminal air densities on CT scans. Eighty-one @entity0 were included in the final analysis following application of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Air was noted by the radiologist in forty-five (55.6%) instances. Six @entity0 (7.4%) were clinically diagnosed with an open pelvic ring disruption; in two @entity0 (2.4%) this diagnosis was delayed. In all @entity0 , the CT was able to track air from its origin. In @entity0 with pelvic disruptions, the @entity1 should also be evaluated for the presence and source of extra-luminal air. In some @entity0 , this finding may represent an open pelvic ring disruption. A complete physical exam and CT evaluation should be used to decrease the missed or delayed diagnosis of an open @entity1 .

title: Use of the initial XXXX CT scan to aid in diagnosis of @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity0 striatum is divided into two compartments, the patch (or striosome) and the matrix, which differ on the basis of several cytochemical markers, connection patterns, and time of neurogenesis. In the @entity1 , the patch compartment consists of clusters of neurons isolated by matrix neurons; included in the patch compartment is a rim of neurons subjacent to the corpus callosum and external capsule, called the subcallosal streak. To study the genesis and migration patterns of striatal neurons forming these compartments, we injected pregnant @entity1 with @entity2 ( @entity2 , which is incorporated into DNA during S-phase mitosis) on embryonic (E) day 14, to label patch neurons, or on E19, to label matrix neurons. Embryos were sacrificed at intervals after injection, for detection of @entity2 by immunocytochemistry. Cells labeled at E14 were distributed fairly uniformly in the differentiated portion of the caudate-putamen through E19. However, by the day of birth (P0), E14-labeled cells were clustered into patches and the subcallosal streak. Using double immunocytochemistry for @entity2 and for the patch marker substance P, we demonstrated a caudal-rostral gradient in the birth dates of neurons in the patch compartment; E14-labeled cells occupied substance P-labeled patches at the level of the posterior limb of the anterior commissure, but patches further rostral were nearly devoid of E14-labeled cells. The distance between the lateral ventricle and the nearest E14-labeled cells was greater on E19 than on @entity3 or on P0, suggesting secondary movement of early-born neurons during the process of cluster formation. Neurons labeled at E19 formed the matrix surrounding clusters of unlabeled cells, except in the nucleus accumbens (ventral striatum), where E19-labeled cells formed clusters. The data suggest that the uniformly-distributed population of early-born neurons is disrupted by the invasion of later-born (matrix) neurons, forcing the early-born neurons into clusters which are displaced toward the ventricular surface to form the patch compartment. Early-born neurons adjacent to the external capsule are not displaced, forming the subcallosal streak.

title: Genesis and migration patterns of neurons forming the patch and matrix compartments of the XXXX striatum.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 77-year-old @entity0 presented with epigastralgia. Gastrointestinal endoscopic examination showed advanced @entity2 , type 3, in the distal antrum. The @entity0 refused surgery and preferred chemotherapy. The regimen consisted of 80 mg/body/day of @entity6 , continuously administered from day 1-14, followed by discontinuation for 2 weeks. After 2 courses, the @entity0 experienced @entity3 . Laboratory studies revealed severe @entity4 ; the hemoglobin level was 5.5 g/dL. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed @entity5 and significant @entity1 reduction. Therefore, distal gastrectomy was performed. Histological examination did not reveal any viable @entity1 cells in the stomach and lymph nodes. Thus, a Grade 3 postchemotherapeutic effect was revealed.

title: [Locally Advanced @entity2 Treated with Curative Gastrectomy and Showing Pathological Complete Response after Chemotherapy with XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: A 77-year-old @entity0 presented with epigastralgia. Gastrointestinal endoscopic examination showed advanced @entity2 , type 3, in the distal antrum. The @entity0 refused surgery and preferred chemotherapy. The regimen consisted of 80 mg/body/day of @entity6 , continuously administered from day 1-14, followed by discontinuation for 2 weeks. After 2 courses, the @entity0 experienced @entity3 . Laboratory studies revealed severe @entity4 ; the hemoglobin level was 5.5 g/dL. An upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed @entity5 and significant @entity1 reduction. Therefore, distal gastrectomy was performed. Histological examination did not reveal any viable @entity1 cells in the stomach and lymph nodes. Thus, a Grade 3 postchemotherapeutic effect was revealed.

title: [Locally Advanced XXXX Treated with Curative Gastrectomy and Showing Pathological Complete Response after Chemotherapy with @entity6 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Traditionally, a high rate of post mortem (PM) examinations has been advocated, primarily for the quality control of clinical diagnosis. In days of increasing scrutiny of medical costs, the role of the 'routine' requesting of any investigation must be questioned, and we report here the results of a policy to request post mortem examinations selectively when there was a reasonable expectation that it would yield new information. Between 21/3/82 and 12/2/86 there were 1356 deaths in @entity0 registered with the Department of Radiation Oncology, Westmead Hospital. During this period, 100 PM examinations were performed. The overall post mortem rate is thus 6.7%, but for @entity0 dying whilst under our direct care it @entity3 %. The cause of @entity2 was changed in 9% of cases following PM examination. The ante mortem assessment of the remission status of irradiated volumes was confirmed in 69% but was not recorded in the post mortem report in 22%, in spite of the medical record being available to the pathologist. Minor modifications were made by PM examination to the establishment of primary @entity1 site, sites of metastatic disease, histological diagnosis and other significant pathological states. The autopsy is an expensive investigation: we conclude that the low yield of relevant new information in this selective series is a powerful argument against the traditional routine request. Indeed the yield of new information in cases when the histological @entity1 type was known was even lower. The necessity for a problem-orientated approach is apparent from the data on the remission status of treated sites.

title: On the yield of new information from the selective requesting of post mortem examinations in oncology XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purpose of our study was to address the long-term outcome of angioplasty and stent placement for @entity1 following pediatric liver transplantation. From October 1999 to December 2011, 20 stenotic lesions were confirmed to constitute @entity1 in 18 pediatric @entity0 (13 @entity0 , 5 @entity0 ) among 152 pediatric @entity0 following liver transplantation and were managed with endovascular intervention. Stent placement was favored over additional angioplasty in @entity0 of preadolescent or adolescent age (>8 years old), after 1 or 2 sessions of balloon angioplasty. The primary patency and assisted primary patency were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. A total of 32 procedures (24 balloon angioplasties, 8 stent placements) were conducted. The technical success rate was 90.6% (29/32). Clinical success was achieved in 15 of 18 @entity0 (clinical success rate of 83.3%). Major complications did not occur in our study. Median follow-up was 91.5 months (interquartile range, 54.7-137.3 months) for the 18 @entity0 . The 1-year, 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year primary patencies of the 20 treated lesions were 63.5%, 57.8%, 57.8%, and 57.8%, respectively. The 1-year, 3-year, 5-year, and 10-year assisted-primary patencies of the lesions were 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Of the 6 @entity0 of preadolescent or adolescent age, 5 @entity0 underwent stent placement procedures, and the stents were patent during the follow-up period of 57.3-162.5 months (median, 72.7 months). In conclusion, endovascular intervention is very effective in @entity1 following pediatric liver transplantation. In addition, early stent placement in @entity0 of preadolescent or adolescent age can provide a safe and favorable long-term outcome.

title: Long-term outcome of endovascular intervention in XXXX following pediatric liver transplantation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 induced by chronic @entity7 ( @entity8 ) treatment in female F344 @entity1 were treated subsequently with @entity5 (BC). Effects of BC on separable subpopulations of lactotrophs were examined. Enzymatically dissociated cells from individual pituitaries were assessed regarding total number, relative lactotroph population, intracellular prolactin ( @entity6 ) content, @entity6 release in primary culture, and density alterations by separation in Ficoll-Hypaque or after sedimentation at unit gravity. In addition to the treatment and analysis of in situ @entity0 , the effects of BC treatment in vitro were assessed, using @entity0 cells which were first separated on Ficoll-Hypaque. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell cycle analysis, using DNA measurement by laser flow cytometry. BC treatment of @entity0 reversed the effects of @entity8 on pituitary weight, @entity6 content and in vitro @entity6 release. Total cell recovery was not affected by BC, but cell separation showed that BC reduced the number of larger @entity6 -containing cells. Cell cycle analysis showed a decrease in numbers of cells in S and G2 cycle phases after BC in only one of four experiments. BC had an effect on proliferation in only the upper gradient fractions, containing the smallest cells. Culture of Ficoll-separated @entity0 cells revealed greater @entity6 release among lighter/smaller cells. BC treatment inhibited @entity6 release from both light and dense cells. The results establish that @entity6 cell @entity3 , as well as @entity4 , results from @entity8 treatment. @entity5 treatment reverses this @entity3 concomitant with inhibiting @entity6 synthesis and release. Reversal of proliferation in @entity0 cells is not a major effect of @entity5 treatment.

title: Effects of @entity5 on prolactin cellular @entity3 , proliferation and secretory activity in XXXX -induced @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity2 induced by chronic @entity7 ( @entity8 ) treatment in female F344 @entity1 were treated subsequently with @entity5 (BC). Effects of BC on separable subpopulations of lactotrophs were examined. Enzymatically dissociated cells from individual pituitaries were assessed regarding total number, relative lactotroph population, intracellular prolactin ( @entity6 ) content, @entity6 release in primary culture, and density alterations by separation in Ficoll-Hypaque or after sedimentation at unit gravity. In addition to the treatment and analysis of in situ @entity0 , the effects of BC treatment in vitro were assessed, using @entity0 cells which were first separated on Ficoll-Hypaque. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell cycle analysis, using DNA measurement by laser flow cytometry. BC treatment of @entity0 reversed the effects of @entity8 on pituitary weight, @entity6 content and in vitro @entity6 release. Total cell recovery was not affected by BC, but cell separation showed that BC reduced the number of larger @entity6 -containing cells. Cell cycle analysis showed a decrease in numbers of cells in S and G2 cycle phases after BC in only one of four experiments. BC had an effect on proliferation in only the upper gradient fractions, containing the smallest cells. Culture of Ficoll-separated @entity0 cells revealed greater @entity6 release among lighter/smaller cells. BC treatment inhibited @entity6 release from both light and dense cells. The results establish that @entity6 cell @entity3 , as well as @entity4 , results from @entity8 treatment. @entity5 treatment reverses this @entity3 concomitant with inhibiting @entity6 synthesis and release. Reversal of proliferation in @entity0 cells is not a major effect of @entity5 treatment.

title: Effects of XXXX on prolactin cellular @entity3 , proliferation and secretory activity in @entity7 -induced @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 induced by chronic @entity7 ( @entity8 ) treatment in female F344 @entity1 were treated subsequently with @entity5 (BC). Effects of BC on separable subpopulations of lactotrophs were examined. Enzymatically dissociated cells from individual pituitaries were assessed regarding total number, relative lactotroph population, intracellular prolactin ( @entity6 ) content, @entity6 release in primary culture, and density alterations by separation in Ficoll-Hypaque or after sedimentation at unit gravity. In addition to the treatment and analysis of in situ @entity0 , the effects of BC treatment in vitro were assessed, using @entity0 cells which were first separated on Ficoll-Hypaque. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell cycle analysis, using DNA measurement by laser flow cytometry. BC treatment of @entity0 reversed the effects of @entity8 on pituitary weight, @entity6 content and in vitro @entity6 release. Total cell recovery was not affected by BC, but cell separation showed that BC reduced the number of larger @entity6 -containing cells. Cell cycle analysis showed a decrease in numbers of cells in S and G2 cycle phases after BC in only one of four experiments. BC had an effect on proliferation in only the upper gradient fractions, containing the smallest cells. Culture of Ficoll-separated @entity0 cells revealed greater @entity6 release among lighter/smaller cells. BC treatment inhibited @entity6 release from both light and dense cells. The results establish that @entity6 cell @entity3 , as well as @entity4 , results from @entity8 treatment. @entity5 treatment reverses this @entity3 concomitant with inhibiting @entity6 synthesis and release. Reversal of proliferation in @entity0 cells is not a major effect of @entity5 treatment.

title: Effects of @entity5 on prolactin cellular @entity3 , proliferation and secretory activity in @entity7 -induced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 induced by chronic @entity7 ( @entity8 ) treatment in female F344 @entity1 were treated subsequently with @entity5 (BC). Effects of BC on separable subpopulations of lactotrophs were examined. Enzymatically dissociated cells from individual pituitaries were assessed regarding total number, relative lactotroph population, intracellular prolactin ( @entity6 ) content, @entity6 release in primary culture, and density alterations by separation in Ficoll-Hypaque or after sedimentation at unit gravity. In addition to the treatment and analysis of in situ @entity0 , the effects of BC treatment in vitro were assessed, using @entity0 cells which were first separated on Ficoll-Hypaque. Cell proliferation was assessed by cell cycle analysis, using DNA measurement by laser flow cytometry. BC treatment of @entity0 reversed the effects of @entity8 on pituitary weight, @entity6 content and in vitro @entity6 release. Total cell recovery was not affected by BC, but cell separation showed that BC reduced the number of larger @entity6 -containing cells. Cell cycle analysis showed a decrease in numbers of cells in S and G2 cycle phases after BC in only one of four experiments. BC had an effect on proliferation in only the upper gradient fractions, containing the smallest cells. Culture of Ficoll-separated @entity0 cells revealed greater @entity6 release among lighter/smaller cells. BC treatment inhibited @entity6 release from both light and dense cells. The results establish that @entity6 cell @entity3 , as well as @entity4 , results from @entity8 treatment. @entity5 treatment reverses this @entity3 concomitant with inhibiting @entity6 synthesis and release. Reversal of proliferation in @entity0 cells is not a major effect of @entity5 treatment.

title: Effects of @entity5 on prolactin cellular XXXX , proliferation and secretory activity in @entity7 -induced @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) regulates renal water excretion by altering the permeability of the collecting duct to water. @entity4 -responsive epithelial cells are the major cell type lining kidney tubules in the inner medulla and papilla. @entity4 modulates apical membrane water permeability by the insertion and removal of vesicles containing aquaporin collecting duct water channel protein (now termed @entity5 ). To identify and characterize proteins responsible for trafficking of @entity5 -containing vesicles, we utilized antibody and cDNA probes to synaptobrevin b (also termed @entity6 , for @entity6 ), a protein that mediates synaptic vesicle exocytosis in the brain and whose structural homologs are now considered to be components of a complex responsible for intracellular vesicle fusion in all cells. We now report that @entity0 kidney inner medulla and papilla contain abundant synaptobrevin protein. Only light endosomes, one of two types of purified papillary @entity5 -containing endosomes, possess synaptobrevin. Light endosomes fuse in vitro by means of an @entity3 -dependent process that is significantly inhibited when endosomes are preincubated with either anti-synaptobrevin antibody or @entity1 toxin. These data define a functional role for a synaptobrevin protein in the fusion of endosomes in vitro. The presence of abundant synaptobrevin proteins in endosomes containing @entity5 water channels, as well as insulin-sensitive @entity2 transporters [Cain, C. C., Trimble, W. S. _ Lienhard, G. E. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 11681-11684], and in cells of Malpighian tubules responsible for urine formation in insects [Chin, A. S., Burgess, R. W., Wong, B. R., Schwartz, T. L. _ Scheller, R. H. (1993) Gene 131, 175-181] suggests a specialized role for synaptobrevin in vesicle-mediated membrane transport modulated by peptide hormones.

title: XXXX kidney papilla contains abundant synaptobrevin protein that participates in the fusion of antidiuretic hormone-regulated water channel-containing endosomes in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mental health disorders impact approximately one in four US adults. While their causes are likely multifactorial, prior research has linked the risk of certain @entity0 to prenatal and early childhood environmental exposures, motivating a spatial analysis to determine whether risk varies by birth location. METHODS: We investigated the spatial associations between residence at birth and odds of @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in a retrospective cohort (Cape Cod, Massachusetts, 1969-1983) using generalized additive models to simultaneously smooth location and adjust for confounders. Birth location served as a surrogate for prenatal exposure to the combination of social and environmental factors related to the development of @entity4 . We predicted crude and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) for each outcome across the study area. The results were mapped to identify areas of increased risk. RESULTS: We observed spatial variation in the crude odds ratios of @entity2 that was still present even after accounting for spatial confounding due to geographic differences in the distribution of known risk factors (aOR range: 0.61-3.07, P   =   0.03). Similar geographic patterns were seen for the crude odds of @entity3 ; however, these patterns were no longer present in the adjusted analysis (aOR range: 0.49-1.36, P   =   0.79), with family history of @entity4 most notably influencing the geographic patterns. Analyses of the odds of @entity1 did not show any meaningful spatial variation (aOR range: 0.58-1.17, P   =   0.82). CONCLUSION: Spatial associations exist between residence at birth and odds of @entity3 and @entity2 , but much of this variation can be explained by the geographic distributions of available risk factors. However, these risk factors did not account for all the variation observed with @entity2 , suggesting that other social and environmental factors within our study area need further investigation.

title: Associations between residence at birth and XXXX : a spatial analysis of retrospective cohort data.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Little is known about the role of microinfarcts in @entity4 and cognition. We examined microinfarcts and @entity4 , @entity1 in community-dwelling older @entity0 . METHODS: Four hundred twenty-five subjects enrolled in the Religious Orders Study underwent annual clinical evaluations, including 19 neuropsychological tests and assessment for @entity4 , and brain autopsy (39% @entity0 ; mean age at @entity3 , 87; Mini-Mental State Examination score, 21). Neuropathologic examination documented the presence, number, and location of chronic microinfarcts on 6- m @entity6 - @entity7 -stained sections from cortical and subcortical regions. Multiple regression analyses adjusted for age at @entity3 , sex, education, @entity5 , @entity2 pathology, and Lewy bodies. RESULTS: Microinfarcts were present in 129 of 425 (30%) @entity0 (54 cortical, 80 subcortical, 49 multiple); 58 of 129 (45%) of @entity0 with microinfarcts did not exhibit @entity5 . @entity0 with microinfarcts had increased odds of @entity4 (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.07-2.92), especially those @entity0 with multiple cortical microinfarcts. Microinfarcts were also associated with lower average global cognition (estimate, -0.287; SE, 0.113; P=0.012), particularly for @entity0 with multiple cortical microinfarcts. Microinfarcts were specifically associated with lower episodic memory (estimate, -0.279; SE, 0.138; P=0.044), semantic memory (estimate, -0.391; SE, 0.130; P=0.003), and perceptual speed (estimate, -0.400; SE, 0.117; P<0.001). In addition, single, multiple, and cortical microinfarcts were associated with worse semantic memory and perceptual speed (all P<0.028). Neither @entity5 nor @entity2 pathology modified these associations (all P>0.154). CONCLUSIONS: Microinfarcts are common, and @entity0 with multiple cortical microinfarcts have higher odds of @entity4 . Microinfarcts are also associated with lower cognition, specifically perceptual speed and semantic and episodic memory.

title: Microinfarct pathology, XXXX , and cognitive systems.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The prognostic implications of several baseline preprocedural variables in @entity0 with severe native @entity2 ( @entity2 ) undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) are unclear. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of reduced @entity1 volume index (SVI), low gradient (LG), and reduced ejection fraction (EF) on all-cause mortality. We searched MEDLINE, CENTRAL, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus through October 13, 2014. We evaluated the association between low SVI (<35  ml/m(2)), LG (<40  mm Hg), and low EF (<50% and <30%) on 1-year all-cause mortality. We pooled results across studies using the random-effects model. We included 16 studies at moderate risk of bias enrolling 7,673 @entity0 with severe @entity2 who underwent TAVI. Low EF was associated with increased 1-year mortality after TAVI compared to preserved EF (for EF <30%, hazard ratio [HR] 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19 to 2.16, I(2)  = 32%; and for EF <50%, HR 1.52, 95% CI 1.31 to 1.76, I(2)  = 17%). LG was associated with increased mortality after TAVI compared to high mean gradient (>= 40  mm Hg; HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.30 to 1.97, I(2)  = 36%). Low SVI was associated with increased mortality after TAVI compared to normal SVI (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.23 to 2.05, I(2)  = 27%). In conclusion, low SVI, LG, and low EF are each associated with higher mortality after TAVI. These findings highlight the importance of including these variables into TAVI risk algorithms and will better inform shared decision-making before TAVI.

title: Meta-Analysis of the Prognostic Impact of XXXX Volume, Gradient, and Ejection Fraction After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subcallosal cingulate gyrus (SCG) is becoming an effective therapeutic option for @entity3 ( @entity3 ). OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: Identifying the neurophysiological mechanisms altered by DBS may lead to more tailored treatment parameters and enhanced efficacy. METHODS: Twenty @entity3 @entity0 with implanted DBS in the SCG were recruited. @entity0 participated in three EEG recording sessions, one with DBS ON, one with DBS randomized to ON or OFF, and one with DBS OFF. During each session, subjects performed N-back working memory tasks, namely the 0-back and 3-back. Fourteen subjects with valid EEG were included in the analysis. Changes in frontal gamma oscillations (30-50 Hz) and coupling between theta (4-7 Hz) and gamma oscillations as a result of DBS stimulation were quantified and correlated with @entity1 . RESULTS: DBS stimulation resulted in @entity2 in the ON state relative to the OFF state during the N-back tasks. Greatest suppression was demonstrated in beta and gamma oscillations and most pronounced during the 3-back. Suppression of gamma oscillations in the 3-back correlated with a @entity1 . DBS ON relative to OFF in the 3-back also resulted in an increase in theta-gamma coupling that correlated with a @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Suppression of gamma oscillations and increased theta-gamma coupling through DBS is likely mediated by both SCG activation of inhibitory circuits and an enhancement of plasticity in the frontal cortex. Activation of both pathways may explain the therapeutic properties of DBS in @entity3 .

title: Deep Brain Stimulation Modulates Gamma Oscillations and Theta-Gamma Coupling in Treatment Resistant XXXX .

answer: @entity1