abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepaticojejunostomy is the 'gold standard' procedure for repairing iatrogenic bile duct @entity1 . The aim of this study was to examine the long-term outcome following hepaticojejunostomy for @entity5 and the utility of routine construction of an access loop. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity1 were treated with hepaticojejunostomy and access loop by a single surgeon. Injuries were classified according to the @entity6 level. An 'excellent' outcome was achieved if the @entity0 never experienced @entity4 or @entity3 in the follow-up period, and the outcome was 'good' if the @entity0 developed symptoms but was asymptomatic for more than 12 months. RESULTS: Forty-eight @entity0 underwent such operation. There was one @entity2 . Thirty-three @entity0 were followed for 3 years or more (mean follow-up 80.4 (range 46-118) months). Thirteen of the 33 @entity1 were @entity6 level II, 13 were @entity6 level III and seven were @entity6 level IV. Outcome was dependent on the @entity6 level (P < 0.001). It was excellent in all 13 @entity0 with @entity6 level II @entity1 , excellent in seven and good in six of the 13 @entity0 with @entity6 level III @entity1 , and excellent in one and good in six of the seven @entity0 with @entity6 level IV @entity1 . Moreover, the need for access loop intervention was dependent on the @entity6 level (P < 0.001). No @entity0 with @entity6 level II injury required intervention, compared with five of 13 with @entity6 level III and six of seven with @entity6 level IV @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Biliary reconstruction affords satisfactory long-term outcome. The likelihood of needing the access loop for radiological intervention is dependent on the @entity6 level. The authors recommend that an access loop be constructed in all @entity0 with @entity6 level III and IV @entity1 .

title: Long-term outcome of hepaticojejunostomy with routine access loop formation following XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of CCTA-derived @entity2 predictors including CT-FFR for the detection of @entity1 -inducing @entity2 compared to invasive FFR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Stenosis parameters were assessed using dual-source CT (DSCT). All @entity0 underwent both CCTA and invasive FFR within 3 months and were retrospectively analyzed. Observers visually assessed all CCTA studies and performed multiple lesion measurements. Lesion length/minimal luminal diameter(4) (LL/ @entity4 (4)), transluminal attenuation gradient (TAG), corrected coronary attenuation (CCO) and CT-FFR were calculated. RESULTS: The cohort included 32 @entity0 (58  12 years, 66%male). Among 32 coronary lesions, 8 (25%) were considered hemodynamically significant with an FFR <0.80. Compared to invasive FFR, the per-vessel sensitivity and specificity of CCTA, CT-FFR, LL/ @entity4 (4), CCO and TAG for detecting hemodynamically significant lesions were 100% and 54%, 100% and 91%, 85% and 92%, 66% and 88%, 37% and 58%, respectively. Receiver operating characteristics analysis resulted in an area under the curve of 0.91 for CT-FFR (p=0.0005), 0.88 for LL/ @entity4 (4) (p<0.0001), 0.85 for CCO (p<0.0001). TAG with an AUC of 0.67 (p=0.152) was unable to discriminate between vessels with or without hemodynamically significant lesions. CONCLUSION: CT-FFR, LL/ @entity4 (4) and CCO provide enhanced diagnostic performance over CCTA analysis alone for discrimination of hemodynamically significant @entity3 .

title: Diagnostic value of quantitative XXXX predictors with coronary CT angiography compared to invasive fractional flow reserve.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the prognostic impact of different histological classifications of @entity4 . METHODS: Between 1993-2000, 94 @entity0 with @entity4 were studied. @entity2 were classified according to TNM staging, WHO, Lauren and Goseki classifications. Twenty five @entity0 (27%) had a proximal @entity2 and 69 (73%) a @entity2 . Intestinal type according to Lauren were more often observed among the proximal @entity3 (19/25) than in distal ones (32/69) (P=0.01). According to Goseki, lymph node @entity1 were less frequently found in group III (5/13) than in other groups (64/81) (P=0.033). The mean follow-up was 23 months. Survical was not influenced by WHO, Lauren, and Goseki classifications. Survival significantly varied according to the different groups of the TNM classification. The proximal location of the @entity2 was associated with poorer prognosis than distal location (P=0.0373). Number of metastatic lymph nodes, invasion of perineurium, and vascular invasion had significant prognostic @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that @entity4 should be divided into proximal and @entity2 using the Goseki classification in addition to the Lauren classification because the Goseki classification recognizes @entity2 groups with different dissemination routes.

title: [Correlation of histological classifications of XXXX with location and prognosis].

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to review the experience of the authors in the use of the temporalis muscle flap for reconstruction of @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: This is a retrospective review of the use of the temporalis muscle flap for reconstruction of different types of @entity3 in 8 @entity0 . All @entity0 in this series previously wore obturators as a nonsurgical treatment of their defects. Criteria used to evaluate the results of this technique included flap @entity1 , @entity4 , limitation of mandibular range of motion, and @entity2 from scarring of the incision line or from loss of muscle volume in the temporal fossa. The @entity0 were also evaluated for their degree of satisfaction with their speech and mastication with the obturator preoperatively and with the flap postoperatively. This article also reviews the success rates and complications with use of the temporalis muscle flap reported in the English-language literature during the past 14 years. RESULTS: All 8 @entity0 in this series had their defects successfully reconstructed, completely eliminating any further need for prosthetic obturation of the defect. There were no incidents of flap @entity1 , @entity4 , or long-term changes in mandibular range of motion. Slight temporal hollowing was seen in the first 3 @entity0 . Results of the literature review also showed a high success rate and a low incidence of complications with use of this flap. CONCLUSIONS: The temporalis flap is a useful, reliable, and versatile option for reconstruction of moderate to large sized defects. The muscle can provide abundant tissue, with minimal to no functional morbidity or @entity2 in the donor site.

title: The temporalis muscle flap in reconstruction of XXXX : an appraisal of the technique.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of preterm premature @entity1 on the frequency of @entity2 among singleton pregnancies that are complicated with @entity3 . STUDY DESIGN: We performed a retrospective analysis of singleton pregnancies that were delivered between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation. @entity0 were categorized on the basis of membrane integrity into two groups: ruptured versus intact. All @entity0 received prophylactic antibiotics and a single course of antenatal @entity4 . Data were analyzed with the Student t test, the chi(2) test, and the Fisher exact test. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the effect of possible confounding variables that were considered risk factors for @entity2 . Probability values of <.05 for all two-tailed tests were considered significant. RESULTS: A total of 366 @entity0 were included (99 @entity0 in the preterm premature @entity1 group and 267 @entity0 in the intact membranes group). @entity0 were delivered at 30.7 +/- 2.9 and 30.1 +/- 2.7 (mean +/- SD) weeks of gestation, with birth weights of 1620 +/- 594 and 1417 +/- 501 g, respectively. The frequency of @entity2 in the neonate was significantly lower in the preterm premature @entity1 group than in their intact counterparts (17% vs 39%, P <.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed that preterm premature @entity1 (odds ratio, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.08-0.34) was independently associated with a reduction in the frequency of @entity2 . CONCLUSION: In the clinical setting of delivery before 34 weeks of gestation, preterm premature @entity1 is associated with a significant decrease in the frequency of neonatal @entity2 .

title: Preterm premature XXXX is associated with a reduction in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: An overgrowth of coccoid bacilli in the absence of lactobacilli ( @entity4 ) is considered a sign of a "disturbed" vaginal ecologic system. The aim of this study was to establish the baseline prevalence of @entity2 and of a disturbed vaginal ecologic system and their relationship to urbanization. STUDY DESIGN: More than 190,000 cervical smears were screened by 1 cytology laboratory in the context of the Dutch national screening programs. The @entity0 who were symptom free and had been registered in the statutory files of municipal units were screened by invitation. Urbanization (place of residence) was derived from the postal code. To investigate a trend in prevalence in relation to urbanization, Schaafsma's method was used. RESULTS: @entity4 had the highest score per 1000 screened @entity0 (36.1), followed by Candida (12.6). Higher prevalence of @entity3 , @entity4 , and Trichomonas was related to urbanization as was, whereas Candida was not. CONCLUSION: @entity3 and Trichomonas are more frequently found in @entity0 who live in the large cities, which in The Netherlands also harbor the high-risk population for premalignant cytologic evidence. Our findings concerning the baseline prevalence pattern of @entity4 support the hypothesis of the importance of a disturbed bacterial ecologic system in cervical @entity1 .

title: Urbanization and baseline prevalence of @entity2 including Candida, Trichomonas, and XXXX and of a disturbed vaginal ecology as established in the Dutch Cervical Screening Program.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: An overgrowth of coccoid bacilli in the absence of lactobacilli ( @entity4 ) is considered a sign of a "disturbed" vaginal ecologic system. The aim of this study was to establish the baseline prevalence of @entity2 and of a disturbed vaginal ecologic system and their relationship to urbanization. STUDY DESIGN: More than 190,000 cervical smears were screened by 1 cytology laboratory in the context of the Dutch national screening programs. The @entity0 who were symptom free and had been registered in the statutory files of municipal units were screened by invitation. Urbanization (place of residence) was derived from the postal code. To investigate a trend in prevalence in relation to urbanization, Schaafsma's method was used. RESULTS: @entity4 had the highest score per 1000 screened @entity0 (36.1), followed by Candida (12.6). Higher prevalence of @entity3 , @entity4 , and Trichomonas was related to urbanization as was, whereas Candida was not. CONCLUSION: @entity3 and Trichomonas are more frequently found in @entity0 who live in the large cities, which in The Netherlands also harbor the high-risk population for premalignant cytologic evidence. Our findings concerning the baseline prevalence pattern of @entity4 support the hypothesis of the importance of a disturbed bacterial ecologic system in cervical @entity1 .

title: Urbanization and baseline prevalence of XXXX including Candida, Trichomonas, and @entity3 and of a disturbed vaginal ecology as established in the Dutch Cervical Screening Program.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The authors studied the effects of relatively low doses of @entity4 and respirable suspended particulate matter (i.e., < 2.5 mu) on @entity2 and on peak expiratory flow in 383 adults (15-72 yr of age) who lived in the Po River Delta area, located near Venice. During 2 wk-1 wk in winter and 1 wk in summer--the authors monitored each @entity0 's house to measure @entity4 (in parts per billion) and respirable suspended particulate (microgram/m3) concentration. Information on sex, age, height, weight, daily activity patterns, active and passive smoking, chronic @entity2 , daily peak expiratory flow, and presence of @entity2 during the weeks monitoring occurred were also collected. Peak expiratory flow variation was studied as mean amplitude percentage (i.e., amplitude/mean) and percentage of diurnal variation (maximum/minimum). The exposure indices to @entity4 ( @entity4 --index of exposure) and to respirable suspended particulate matter (respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure) were computed as the product of pollutant concentration and time of exposure. The authors considered indices as "low" or "high" on the basis of the median value. The median @entity4 was 20 ppb in winter and 14 ppb in summer; the highest @entity4 levels occurred in the kitchen in the winter (33 ppb) and summer (20 ppb). The median respirable suspended particulate matter was 68 micrograms/m3 in winter and 45 micrograms/m3 in summer. Only in winter were there significant associations between bronchitic/asthmatic symptoms and "high" @entity4 and respirable suspended particulate matter indices. In subjects who did not smoke, a significant influence of the "high" respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure was also observed in summer. With respect to peak expiratory flow and its variability, respirable suspended particulate matter-index of exposure was associated with an increase of both amplitude/mean and maximum/mean; however, with respect to the @entity4 --index of exposure, the association was significant only in subjects with chronic @entity2 (i.e., @entity1 and @entity3 ). These relationships were significant only in winter. In conclusion, the results of the current study indicate that there is an association between relatively low doses of pollutants and @entity2 and peak expiratory flow in adults.

title: The Po River Delta (north Italy) indoor epidemiological study: effects of pollutant exposure on XXXX and respiratory function in adults.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) requires molecular @entity2 during light irradiation to generate reactive @entity2 species. @entity0 @entity4 , either preexisting or induced by @entity3 , can severely hamper the effectiveness of @entity3 . Lowering the light irradiation dose rate or fractionating a light dose may improve cell kill of @entity3 -induced @entity4 cells but will have no effect on preexisting @entity4 cells. In this study hyperoxygenation technique was used during @entity3 to overcome @entity4 . C3H @entity1 with transplanted mammary @entity0 were injected with 12.5 mg/kg @entity5 and irradiated with 630 nm laser light 24 h later. @entity0 oxygenation was manipulated by subjecting the animals to 3 atp (atmospheric pressure) hyperbaric @entity2 or normobaric @entity2 during @entity3 light irradiation. The results show a significant improvement in @entity0 response when @entity3 was delivered during hyperoxygenation. With hyperoxygenation up to 80% of treated @entity0 showed no regrowth after 60 days. In comparison, when animals breathed room air, only 20% of treated @entity0 did not regrow. To explore the effect of hyperoxygenation on @entity0 oxygenation, @entity0 partial @entity2 pressure was measured with microelectrodes positioned in preexisting @entity4 regions before and during the @entity3 . The results show that hyperoxygenation may oxygenate preexisting @entity4 cells and compensate for @entity2 depletion induced by @entity3 light irradiation. In conclusion, hyperoxygenation may provide effective ways to improve @entity3 efficiency by oxygenating both preexisting and treatment-induced cell @entity4 .

title: Improvement of XXXX response by manipulation of @entity0 oxygenation during photodynamic therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) requires molecular @entity2 during light irradiation to generate reactive @entity2 species. @entity0 @entity4 , either preexisting or induced by @entity3 , can severely hamper the effectiveness of @entity3 . Lowering the light irradiation dose rate or fractionating a light dose may improve cell kill of @entity3 -induced @entity4 cells but will have no effect on preexisting @entity4 cells. In this study hyperoxygenation technique was used during @entity3 to overcome @entity4 . C3H @entity1 with transplanted mammary @entity0 were injected with 12.5 mg/kg @entity5 and irradiated with 630 nm laser light 24 h later. @entity0 oxygenation was manipulated by subjecting the animals to 3 atp (atmospheric pressure) hyperbaric @entity2 or normobaric @entity2 during @entity3 light irradiation. The results show a significant improvement in @entity0 response when @entity3 was delivered during hyperoxygenation. With hyperoxygenation up to 80% of treated @entity0 showed no regrowth after 60 days. In comparison, when animals breathed room air, only 20% of treated @entity0 did not regrow. To explore the effect of hyperoxygenation on @entity0 oxygenation, @entity0 partial @entity2 pressure was measured with microelectrodes positioned in preexisting @entity4 regions before and during the @entity3 . The results show that hyperoxygenation may oxygenate preexisting @entity4 cells and compensate for @entity2 depletion induced by @entity3 light irradiation. In conclusion, hyperoxygenation may provide effective ways to improve @entity3 efficiency by oxygenating both preexisting and treatment-induced cell @entity4 .

title: Improvement of @entity0 response by manipulation of XXXX oxygenation during photodynamic therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We evaluated the topographic relations between @entity1 hydroxylase (TH)- and/or aromatic @entity3 decarboxylase ( @entity4 )-immunoreactive neurons in the arcuate nucleus (AN), as well as between TH- and/or @entity4 -immunoreactive axons in the median eminence (ME) in @entity0 at the 21st embryonic day, 9th postnatal day, and in adulthood. The double-immunofluorescent technique in combination with confocal microscopy was used. Occasional bienzymatic neurons but numerous monoenzymatic TH- or @entity4 -immunoreactive neurons were observed in fetuses. There was almost no overlap in the distribution of monoenzymatic neurons, and therefore few appositions were observed in between. In postnatal animals, numerous bienzymatic neurons appeared in addition to monoenzymatic neurons. They were distributed throughout the AN resulting in the increased frequency of appositions. Furthermore, specialized-like contacts between monoenzymatic TH- and @entity4 -immunoreactive neurons appeared. The quantification of the fibers in the ME showed that there were large specific areas of the monoenzymatic TH-immunoreactive fibers and bienzymatic fibers in fetuses, followed by the gradual reduction of the former and the increase of the latter to adulthood. The specific area of the monoenzymatic @entity4 -immunoreactive fibers in fetuses was rather low, and thereafter increased progressively to adulthood. The fibers of all the types were in apposition in the ME at each studied age. Close topographic relations between the neurons containing individual complementary enzymes of @entity2 synthesis at the level of cell bodies and axons suggest functional interaction in between.

title: Neurons possessing enzymes of XXXX synthesis in the mediobasal hypothalamus of @entity0 . Topographic relations and axonal projections to the median eminence in ontogenesis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We evaluated the topographic relations between @entity1 hydroxylase (TH)- and/or aromatic @entity3 decarboxylase ( @entity4 )-immunoreactive neurons in the arcuate nucleus (AN), as well as between TH- and/or @entity4 -immunoreactive axons in the median eminence (ME) in @entity0 at the 21st embryonic day, 9th postnatal day, and in adulthood. The double-immunofluorescent technique in combination with confocal microscopy was used. Occasional bienzymatic neurons but numerous monoenzymatic TH- or @entity4 -immunoreactive neurons were observed in fetuses. There was almost no overlap in the distribution of monoenzymatic neurons, and therefore few appositions were observed in between. In postnatal animals, numerous bienzymatic neurons appeared in addition to monoenzymatic neurons. They were distributed throughout the AN resulting in the increased frequency of appositions. Furthermore, specialized-like contacts between monoenzymatic TH- and @entity4 -immunoreactive neurons appeared. The quantification of the fibers in the ME showed that there were large specific areas of the monoenzymatic TH-immunoreactive fibers and bienzymatic fibers in fetuses, followed by the gradual reduction of the former and the increase of the latter to adulthood. The specific area of the monoenzymatic @entity4 -immunoreactive fibers in fetuses was rather low, and thereafter increased progressively to adulthood. The fibers of all the types were in apposition in the ME at each studied age. Close topographic relations between the neurons containing individual complementary enzymes of @entity2 synthesis at the level of cell bodies and axons suggest functional interaction in between.

title: Neurons possessing enzymes of @entity2 synthesis in the mediobasal hypothalamus of XXXX . Topographic relations and axonal projections to the median eminence in ontogenesis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the use of locoregional therapy in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with and without @entity5 ( @entity5 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 who underwent locoregional therapy for @entity2 were identified from institutional databases. Clinicopathologic and treatment characteristics were compared between @entity0 with and without @entity5 . Survival and progression were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and multivariate analysis was completed. RESULTS: Of 224 @entity0 , 39 (17%) had radiologic evidence of @entity5 . @entity0 without @entity5 were older than @entity0 with @entity5 (68.8 y    10.1 vs 65.0 y    11.7, P = .04); underlying @entity3 characteristics were not different. Type of locoregional therapy (hepatic artery embolization vs drug-eluting bead transarterial chemoembolization, P = .12; radiofrequency ablation + embolization, P = .07) was similar. Progression occurred in 75% (169/224) of @entity0 . Progression-free survival (PFS) did not differ between the 2 groups (13 [10.3-15.7] mo @entity5 vs18 [14.6-21.4] mo no @entity5 , P = .13). @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was 13 (4.1-21.9) months and 25 (20.4-29.6) months in the @entity5 and no @entity5 groups, respectively (P = .02). On multivariate analysis, systemic therapy after locoregional treatment was the only variable independently associated with PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.70 [0.49-1.00], P = .04); @entity5 (HR 1.60 [1.02-2.50], P = .04) and @entity1 size (HR 1.77 [1.21-2.58], P = .003) were independently associated with worse @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity2 and limited @entity5 treated with locoregional therapy had worse @entity4 than @entity0 without @entity5 ; PFS was not different. Use of systemic therapy after locoregional therapy was independently associated with improved PFS in this cohort. Further prospective studies of locoregional, systemic, and combination therapies are necessary to improve outcome in these high-risk @entity0 .

title: Locoregional Therapy for XXXX with and without Extrahepatic Spread.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: A few reports have addressed the sex-related efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) to treat advanced @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The present study evaluates the sex-related prognostic factors for STN-DBS outcomes. METHODS: Seventy-two consecutive @entity0 (48 @entity0 and 24 @entity0 ) were reviewed retrospectively. Changes in the Unified @entity1 Rating Scale scores were compared between @entity0 and @entity0 in the 6-month drug-off/DBS-on state relative to the preoperative drug-off baseline. A multivariate linear regression model was used to identify the preoperative factors predictive of motor improvements after surgery. RESULTS: Before surgery, the male and female @entity0 groups were comparable in clinical severity, except the @entity0 were associated with slightly inferior cognition (P < 0.05) and a relatively better response to @entity5 (LD) (P < 0.05) than the @entity0 . Both sexes showed similar clinical improvements after STN-DBS therapy. In @entity0 , preoperative lower LD requirement and higher motor dysfunction, particularly @entity2 (adjusted R(2) = 0.613, P < 0.001), as well as greater improvement in @entity2 and @entity4 after LD therapy (adjusted R(2) = 0.232, P = 0.001) were favorable predictors of surgical outcomes. @entity0 achieved a significant improvement if they performed well in activities of daily living even with higher baseline motor scores (adjusted R(2) = 0.620, P < 0.001), or exhibited improvements in @entity3 disability after preoperative LD therapy (adjusted R(2) = 0.305, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: STN-DBS therapy is equally beneficial for both sexes. Sex-related differences exist with regard to favorable prognostic predictors for early surgical outcomes.

title: Sex-Related Prognostic Predictors for XXXX Undergoing Subthalamic Stimulation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) induced by intravitreal injections of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) agents in cases of neovascular @entity2 ( @entity2 ). DESIGN: Cohort study conducted at a single tertiary referral vitreoretinal practice. @entity0 : A total of 396 eyes of 295 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity2 between 2009 and 2014. A total of 125 eyes of 112 @entity0 met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated in this study. METHODS: This study included @entity0 with @entity2 who presented @entity3 ( @entity3 ) detected by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline. Eyes with @entity3 were classified according to the diameter of vitreous attachment to the macular surface measured by OCT, with attachment of  <=1500  m defined as focal and attachment of >1500  m defined as broad. All @entity0 received at least 3 monthly intravitreal injections of anti- @entity1 agents. Follow-up visits were performed 1 month after each intravitreal injection and included OCT analysis to evaluate the incidence of @entity4 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Posterior vitreous detachment induced by anti- @entity1 injections. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 21.3 months (range, 3-59 months). The mean number of intravitreal injections was 8.3 (range, 3-29 injections). Intravitreal drugs used in the study were ranibizumab (51.5%), bevacizumab (33.5%), and aflibercept (15.0%). Seven eyes (5.6%) developed @entity4 after intravitreal drug injection (3 eyes after the first intravitreal injection: bevacizumab in 1 and ranibizumab in 2; 2 eyes after the second injection: ranibizumab in 1 and bevacizumab in 1; 1 eye after the fourth injection: ranibizumab; and 1 eye after the sixth injection: aflibercept). A total of 118 eyes remained with persistent @entity3 . All 7 eyes that developed @entity4 were classified as having focal @entity3 , with the diameter of vitreous attachment ranging from 210 to 1146  m (mean, 600  m). CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal injections of commonly used anti- @entity1 intravitreal drugs rarely induce @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 . Eyes with focal @entity3 have a greater chance to develop @entity4 than eyes with a broad area of @entity3 .

title: Vitreomacular Interface after Anti- XXXX Injections in  Neovascular Age-Related @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) induced by intravitreal injections of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) agents in cases of neovascular @entity2 ( @entity2 ). DESIGN: Cohort study conducted at a single tertiary referral vitreoretinal practice. @entity0 : A total of 396 eyes of 295 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity2 between 2009 and 2014. A total of 125 eyes of 112 @entity0 met the inclusion criteria and were evaluated in this study. METHODS: This study included @entity0 with @entity2 who presented @entity3 ( @entity3 ) detected by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) at baseline. Eyes with @entity3 were classified according to the diameter of vitreous attachment to the macular surface measured by OCT, with attachment of  <=1500  m defined as focal and attachment of >1500  m defined as broad. All @entity0 received at least 3 monthly intravitreal injections of anti- @entity1 agents. Follow-up visits were performed 1 month after each intravitreal injection and included OCT analysis to evaluate the incidence of @entity4 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Posterior vitreous detachment induced by anti- @entity1 injections. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 21.3 months (range, 3-59 months). The mean number of intravitreal injections was 8.3 (range, 3-29 injections). Intravitreal drugs used in the study were ranibizumab (51.5%), bevacizumab (33.5%), and aflibercept (15.0%). Seven eyes (5.6%) developed @entity4 after intravitreal drug injection (3 eyes after the first intravitreal injection: bevacizumab in 1 and ranibizumab in 2; 2 eyes after the second injection: ranibizumab in 1 and bevacizumab in 1; 1 eye after the fourth injection: ranibizumab; and 1 eye after the sixth injection: aflibercept). A total of 118 eyes remained with persistent @entity3 . All 7 eyes that developed @entity4 were classified as having focal @entity3 , with the diameter of vitreous attachment ranging from 210 to 1146  m (mean, 600  m). CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal injections of commonly used anti- @entity1 intravitreal drugs rarely induce @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 . Eyes with focal @entity3 have a greater chance to develop @entity4 than eyes with a broad area of @entity3 .

title: Vitreomacular Interface after Anti- @entity1 Injections in  Neovascular Age-Related XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine oncological and neuromorbidity outcomes in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 (stage IVB) requiring sacrifice and reconstruction of the carotid artery. STUDY DESIGN: Case series with chart review. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Overall, 51 @entity0 underwent carotid artery sacrifice during surgical treatment of the neck, in both the primary and salvage setting. All @entity0 underwent autogenous in-line carotid artery bypass grafting with either saphenous vein or the deep femoral vein in conjunction with vascular surgery. In all, the study included 39 males and 12 female subjects, with age ranging from 39 to 82 (mean, 62.7). RESULTS: Two @entity0 (3.9%) had a cerebral vascular accident in the immediate postoperative period. The remaining 49 @entity0 (96%) had no neurologic sequela. Serial ultrasonic evaluation revealed 4 @entity0 with intra-luminal thrombus within the site of reconstruction. Perioperative mortality occurred in a single @entity0 . Disease-related mortality occurred in 9.8% (5) of @entity0 , with an overall 2-year survival of 82%. CONCLUSIONS: We presently report the largest series of surgical treatment for advanced @entity1 with carotid artery involvement. We document an overall 2-year survival of 82% in the setting of low perioperative neuromorbidity and mortality rates. We therefore consider carotid artery sacrifice and autogenous vein graft reconstruction in the absence of distant metastatic disease as a viable treatment option for what was once thought to be a palliative procedure.

title: Carotid Artery Sacrifice and Reconstruction in the Setting of Advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Collagenase-3, a matrix metalloproteinase ( @entity2 ) that can degrade collagen II and aggrecan, is produced by osteoarthritic (OA) chondrocytes and may contribute to matrix destruction in this disease. Our laboratory has previously identified a specific endocytotic receptor for collagenase-3 on osteoblastic and fibroblastic cells, which couples with the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein ( @entity3 ) to mediate the internalization and degradation of this enzyme. We hypothesized that the activity of this receptor system is reduced in OA chondrocytes which may lead to increased local extracellular levels of collagenase-3 and increased destruction of the cartilage matrix at pericellular sites. METHODS: @entity0 chondrocytes and synoviocytes were obtained from OA knees at the time of joint replacement surgery and from non-arthritic control specimens following autopsy or surgery. Enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was used to measure collagenase-3 secreted from primary cultures. Iodinated collagenase-3 was used to analyze the cell-surface binding, internalization and intracellular degradation of collagenase-3. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to confirm chondrocyte phenotype and the expression of collagenase-3 and @entity3 mRNAs. RESULTS: OA chondrocytes and synoviocytes demonstrated significantly reduced (75-77%) binding of recombinant 125I collagenase-3. Internalization and degradation of the ligand was also significantly reduced (64-72%) in OA cells. Collagenase-3 removal was inhibited by the @entity3 receptor-associated protein ( @entity1 ). CONCLUSION: These results suggest a mechanism whereby impaired receptor-mediated removal of collagenase-3 in OA chondrocytes may lead to enhanced local degradation of the cartilage matrix. This work also implicates an LRP family member in endocytotic receptor-mediated collagenase-3 processing and suggests a novel therapeutic target for OA.

title: Impairment of the collagenase-3 endocytotic receptor system in cells from XXXX with osteoarthritis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the role of endoscopic surveillance in predicting organ preservation and survival after primary chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six consecutive @entity0 with nonmetastatic @entity2 were treated with primary CRT between May 1993 and April 1999 with curative intent and subsequent surveillance with endoscopy and CT scans. @entity0 with @entity1 on endoscopy and/or CT 6 weeks after CRT were considered for immediate esophagectomy. The remaining @entity0 continued endoscopic surveillance and were considered for esophagectomy only when local relapse was detected. Five-year survival was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify significant factors associated with disease-specific survival. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 62 months, the 5-year overall and disease-specific survival was 30% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 17%-43%) and 37% (95% CI: 22%-50%), respectively. Fourteen of 24 (58%) @entity0 who survived more than 2 years did not require an esophagectomy. On univariate analysis, favorable prognostic factors for disease-specific survival were female gender (p = 0.026), CT-defined N(0) status (p = 0.027), and negative endoscopy at 6 weeks after CRT (p < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, N(0) status and negative endoscopy after CRT remained significant (p = 0.03 and p < 0.0001, respectively) for disease-specific survival. On multivariate analysis for overall survival, female gender and negative endoscopy were significant (p = 0.35 and p < 0.001, respectively). The hazard ratios for disease-specific survival with positive nodal status and positive endoscopy were 2.44 (95% CI: 1.14-5.3) and 5.18 (95% CI: 2.3-11.6), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic response after primary CRT for @entity2 was the most significant predictive factor for overall and disease-specific survival. Regular endoscopic surveillance after CRT achieved survival rates comparable to other strategies and successfully preserved the esophagus in the majority of @entity0 who survived more than 2 years.

title: Endoscopic response predicts for survival and organ preservation after primary chemoradiotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the value of CT-determined @entity1 perfusion as a predictive factor of local and regional failure and cause-specific survival in @entity2 treated by radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 105 @entity0 , the perfusion of a primary @entity3 was estimated using dynamic CT. A contrast agent bolus was rapidly injected i.v., while during the first pass a dynamic data acquisition was performed at the level of the largest axial @entity1 surface. The perfusion in the selected @entity1 region of interest was calculated by dividing the slope of the @entity1 -time density curve by the maximal value in arterial density. Primary and nodal @entity1 volume was calculated from the CT images. All @entity0 were treated by radiotherapy with curative intent; in 15 @entity0 , adjuvant concomitant chemotherapy was administered. Mean follow-up time was 2.2 years. Actuarial (life-table) statistical analysis was done; multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: When the @entity0 were stratified according to the median perfusion value (83.5 mL/min/100 g), those with the lower perfusion rate had a significantly higher local failure rate (p < 0.05). In the multivariate analysis, perfusion rate (p = 0.01) and T category (p = 0.03) were found to be the independent predictors of local failure. Perfusion rate had predictive value regarding neither regional control nor cause-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: CT-determined @entity1 perfusion rate was found to be an independent predictor of local outcome in irradiated @entity2 . The results of this study confirm the hypothesis that less-perfused @entity1 respond poorly to radiotherapy.

title: Tumor perfusion rate determined noninvasively by dynamic computed tomography predicts outcome in XXXX after radiotherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study assessed the efficacy of endoscopic @entity4 for treatment of @entity0 with symptoms caused by internal @entity4 . METHODS: A total of 576 consecutive @entity0 with symptoms caused by internal @entity4 were enrolled in the study. Symptoms were @entity2 (239 @entity0 ) and prolapse (337 @entity0 ). The severity of the @entity4 was classified by using the grading system of Goligher. RESULTS: All @entity0 were treated by the same operator. Mean follow-up was 17.5 months (range 8 to 24 months). The mean number of band ligations per session was 2.86. The mean number of treatment sessions was 1.24. At least one grade reduction in the severity of the @entity4 was achieved in most @entity0 (93.58%). Moreover, @entity2 was controlled in 228 @entity0 (95.4%), and rectal prolapse was reduced in 310 @entity0 (91.99%). After treatment, 85 @entity0 experienced anal @entity1 , 37 had mild @entity2 , 4 developed external @entity3 , and one had a peri-anal abscess. The latter 5 @entity0 were treated surgically and recovered uneventfully. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic @entity4 is a simple, safe, and effective treatment for @entity0 with symptoms caused by internal @entity4 .

title: Endoscopic XXXX of symptomatic internal @entity4 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study assessed the efficacy of endoscopic @entity4 for treatment of @entity0 with symptoms caused by internal @entity4 . METHODS: A total of 576 consecutive @entity0 with symptoms caused by internal @entity4 were enrolled in the study. Symptoms were @entity2 (239 @entity0 ) and prolapse (337 @entity0 ). The severity of the @entity4 was classified by using the grading system of Goligher. RESULTS: All @entity0 were treated by the same operator. Mean follow-up was 17.5 months (range 8 to 24 months). The mean number of band ligations per session was 2.86. The mean number of treatment sessions was 1.24. At least one grade reduction in the severity of the @entity4 was achieved in most @entity0 (93.58%). Moreover, @entity2 was controlled in 228 @entity0 (95.4%), and rectal prolapse was reduced in 310 @entity0 (91.99%). After treatment, 85 @entity0 experienced anal @entity1 , 37 had mild @entity2 , 4 developed external @entity3 , and one had a peri-anal abscess. The latter 5 @entity0 were treated surgically and recovered uneventfully. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic @entity4 is a simple, safe, and effective treatment for @entity0 with symptoms caused by internal @entity4 .

title: Endoscopic @entity4 of symptomatic internal XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We report the case of a 74-year-old @entity0 with a history of @entity1 , @entity6 , and pacemaker who presented to the hospital with new onset New York Heart Association class IV @entity5 . Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a markedly dilated right ventricle with normal right ventricular systolic function. There was moderate @entity2 with an estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 60 mm Hg. Her echocardiogram 1 year earlier had demonstrated normal right ventricular size and systolic function, and no @entity2 . Additional transthoracic imaging with saline contrast study through a left peripheral vein demonstrated the presence of a dilated coronary sinus with a persistent @entity8 . Color Doppler demonstrated turbulent flow within the coronary sinus with evidence of significant left-to-right shunting. Cardiac catheterization revealed a massively dilated left main @entity4 with an @entity7 into the @entity8 and coronary sinus. The calculated Qp/Qs was 2:1. The @entity0 underwent 2 unsuccessful attempts at percutaneous intervention to occlude the @entity7 . She then underwent successful surgical closure of the @entity3 . The important role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in guiding this technically challenging surgical case is discussed.

title: Successful surgical repair of a giant left main @entity4 with XXXX draining into a persistent @entity8 and coronary sinus: role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography.

answer: @entity7


abstract: We report the case of a 74-year-old @entity0 with a history of @entity1 , @entity6 , and pacemaker who presented to the hospital with new onset New York Heart Association class IV @entity5 . Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a markedly dilated right ventricle with normal right ventricular systolic function. There was moderate @entity2 with an estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 60 mm Hg. Her echocardiogram 1 year earlier had demonstrated normal right ventricular size and systolic function, and no @entity2 . Additional transthoracic imaging with saline contrast study through a left peripheral vein demonstrated the presence of a dilated coronary sinus with a persistent @entity8 . Color Doppler demonstrated turbulent flow within the coronary sinus with evidence of significant left-to-right shunting. Cardiac catheterization revealed a massively dilated left main @entity4 with an @entity7 into the @entity8 and coronary sinus. The calculated Qp/Qs was 2:1. The @entity0 underwent 2 unsuccessful attempts at percutaneous intervention to occlude the @entity7 . She then underwent successful surgical closure of the @entity3 . The important role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in guiding this technically challenging surgical case is discussed.

title: Successful surgical repair of a giant left main @entity4 with @entity7 draining into a persistent XXXX and coronary sinus: role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography.

answer: @entity8


abstract: We report the case of a 74-year-old @entity0 with a history of @entity1 , @entity6 , and pacemaker who presented to the hospital with new onset New York Heart Association class IV @entity5 . Transthoracic echocardiography revealed a markedly dilated right ventricle with normal right ventricular systolic function. There was moderate @entity2 with an estimated pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 60 mm Hg. Her echocardiogram 1 year earlier had demonstrated normal right ventricular size and systolic function, and no @entity2 . Additional transthoracic imaging with saline contrast study through a left peripheral vein demonstrated the presence of a dilated coronary sinus with a persistent @entity8 . Color Doppler demonstrated turbulent flow within the coronary sinus with evidence of significant left-to-right shunting. Cardiac catheterization revealed a massively dilated left main @entity4 with an @entity7 into the @entity8 and coronary sinus. The calculated Qp/Qs was 2:1. The @entity0 underwent 2 unsuccessful attempts at percutaneous intervention to occlude the @entity7 . She then underwent successful surgical closure of the @entity3 . The important role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography in guiding this technically challenging surgical case is discussed.

title: Successful surgical repair of a giant left main XXXX with @entity7 draining into a persistent @entity8 and coronary sinus: role of intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevated resting heart rate is associated with increased cardiovascular risk, particularly in @entity0 with @entity4 . Heart rate is not monitored routinely in these @entity0 . We hypothesized that routine monitoring of heart rate would increase its prognostic value in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: We analyzed the relationship between heart rate measurements and a range of adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including hospitalization for worsening @entity3 , in the pooled placebo-treated @entity0 from the morBidity-mortality EvAlUaTion of the If inhibitor @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity4 (BEAUTIFUL) trial and @entity3 treatment with the If inhibitor @entity5 (SHIFT) Trial, using standard and time-varying covariate Cox proportional hazards models. By adjusting for other prognostic factors, models were fitted for baseline heart rate alone or for time-updated heart rate (latest heart rate) alone or corrected for baseline heart rate or for immediate previous time-updated heart rate. RESULTS: Baseline heart rate was strongly associated with all outcomes apart from hospitalization for @entity2 . Time-updated heart rate increased the strengths of associations for all outcomes. Adjustment for baseline heart rate or immediate previous time-updated heart rate modestly reduced the prognostic importance of time-updated heart rate. For hospitalization for worsening @entity3 , each 5 beats/min increase in baseline heart rate and time-updated heart rate was associated with a 15% (95% confidence interval, 12-18) and 22% (confidence interval, 19-40) increase in risk, respectively. Even after correction, the prognostic value of time-updated heart rate remained greater. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity4 , time-updated heart rate is more strongly related with adverse cardiovascular outcomes than baseline heart rate. Heart rate should be measured to assess cardiovascular risk at all assessments of @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Repeated Heart Rate Measurement and Cardiovascular Outcomes in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) improves relapse-free ( @entity6 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 with resected @entity3 . However, difficulties in standardizing an optimal surgical approach and a perceived higher @entity2 compared with the perioperative approach have limited its widespread application in Europe. The aim of our study was to assess @entity2 and long-term outcomes of adjuvant CRT at our institution. METHODS: A retrospective review (September 2001-January 2012) was completed of @entity0 with resected @entity3 who received adjuvant CRT (Macdonald regimen). Adverse events and completion rates, @entity6 and @entity4 were estimated. Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors for @entity4 were performed. RESULTS: Eighty-seven @entity0 were included. Most had diffuse (52%) and locally advanced @entity1 (stage III-IV; 66.7%). D2 lymphadenectomy was performed in 80.5%. The most frequent grade 3-4 @entity2 were gastrointestinal (28%) and @entity5 (20%), with 78.2% completing treatment. With a median follow-up of 115 months, 58.5% had relapsed, most of them distantly. Median @entity6 and @entity4 were 9 and 24 months, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that performance status, stage and lymph node burden were significant factors for @entity4 . In the multivariate study, only stage and lymph node burden remained as independent @entity4 predictors. CONCLUSIONS: Our implementation of the Macdonald regimen achieved worse outcomes than those reported in the INT-0116 trial. The rate of distant relapse remains unacceptably high. Higher rate of positive lymph nodes and of diffuse @entity1 could explain some differences. The use of perioperative chemotherapy, especially in @entity0 with a poorer prognosis, might improve these results.

title: Adjuvant chemoradiation in XXXX : long-term outcomes and prognostic factors from a single institution.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Severe @entity4 is poorly understood clinically, physiologically and pathologically. Although milder forms of @entity4 are generally easily treated, more severe forms remain refractory to the best current medical care. Both genetic and environmental elements are likely to play an important role in the development of @entity2 . Physiologically, these @entity0 often have air-trapping, airway collapsibility and loss of elastic recoil. The pathology demonstrates a heterogeneity of findings and is based mainly on adult studies. Some @entity0 demonstrate continued eosinophilic @entity1 despite the use of high doses of @entity3 . At least one-third appear to have pathological changes inconsistent with classically described asthmatic pathology. Persistent @entity1 can lead to structural changes involving the airways and perhaps the parenchyma as well. Finally, @entity1 and structural changes appear to exist well into the lung periphery, out of reach of many inhaled medications. The importance of each of these factors in the development of @entity2 probably varies from @entity0 to @entity0 . Understanding the commonalities of the pathology of severe @entity4 should, however, lead to the development of improved therapies.

title: Pathology of difficult XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: In 1991, a 27-year-old @entity0 who presented with recurrent @entity12 , @entity3 , and @entity10 was diagnosed with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Her symptoms were refractory to conventional therapy. In 1999, @entity9 was noticed in this @entity0 for the first time, and in 2000, her white blood cell count decreased to 0.94x10(9)/l with 1% myeloblasts and 24% neutrophils. Bone marrow examination showed mild hypocellularity with 8% myeloblasts and 6% mature neutrophils with @entity1 . A diagnosis of @entity8 ( @entity8 )-refractory @entity4 with @entity11 was made. Despite marked @entity5 , the @entity2 symptoms continued. Since her @entity5 worsened to 0.24x10(9)/l with 21% neutrophils, the @entity0 underwent @entity6 ( @entity6 ) from an unrelated donor in July 2001. Myeloid engraftment was documented on day 26. Grade I @entity7 occurred, but resolved spontaneously. Cyclosporin treatment was reduced gradually and discontinued 6 months after @entity6 . Twenty-three months after @entity6 , the @entity0 is doing well and has no signs or symptoms of @entity2 or @entity8 . These observations suggest that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which encompasses @entity6 , may be an effective therapy in @entity0 with high-risk aggressive @entity2 .

title: Resolution of @entity2 after HLA-mismatched unrelated @entity6 for XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: In 1991, a 27-year-old @entity0 who presented with recurrent @entity12 , @entity3 , and @entity10 was diagnosed with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Her symptoms were refractory to conventional therapy. In 1999, @entity9 was noticed in this @entity0 for the first time, and in 2000, her white blood cell count decreased to 0.94x10(9)/l with 1% myeloblasts and 24% neutrophils. Bone marrow examination showed mild hypocellularity with 8% myeloblasts and 6% mature neutrophils with @entity1 . A diagnosis of @entity8 ( @entity8 )-refractory @entity4 with @entity11 was made. Despite marked @entity5 , the @entity2 symptoms continued. Since her @entity5 worsened to 0.24x10(9)/l with 21% neutrophils, the @entity0 underwent @entity6 ( @entity6 ) from an unrelated donor in July 2001. Myeloid engraftment was documented on day 26. Grade I @entity7 occurred, but resolved spontaneously. Cyclosporin treatment was reduced gradually and discontinued 6 months after @entity6 . Twenty-three months after @entity6 , the @entity0 is doing well and has no signs or symptoms of @entity2 or @entity8 . These observations suggest that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which encompasses @entity6 , may be an effective therapy in @entity0 with high-risk aggressive @entity2 .

title: Resolution of XXXX after HLA-mismatched unrelated @entity6 for @entity8 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In 1991, a 27-year-old @entity0 who presented with recurrent @entity12 , @entity3 , and @entity10 was diagnosed with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Her symptoms were refractory to conventional therapy. In 1999, @entity9 was noticed in this @entity0 for the first time, and in 2000, her white blood cell count decreased to 0.94x10(9)/l with 1% myeloblasts and 24% neutrophils. Bone marrow examination showed mild hypocellularity with 8% myeloblasts and 6% mature neutrophils with @entity1 . A diagnosis of @entity8 ( @entity8 )-refractory @entity4 with @entity11 was made. Despite marked @entity5 , the @entity2 symptoms continued. Since her @entity5 worsened to 0.24x10(9)/l with 21% neutrophils, the @entity0 underwent @entity6 ( @entity6 ) from an unrelated donor in July 2001. Myeloid engraftment was documented on day 26. Grade I @entity7 occurred, but resolved spontaneously. Cyclosporin treatment was reduced gradually and discontinued 6 months after @entity6 . Twenty-three months after @entity6 , the @entity0 is doing well and has no signs or symptoms of @entity2 or @entity8 . These observations suggest that allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which encompasses @entity6 , may be an effective therapy in @entity0 with high-risk aggressive @entity2 .

title: Resolution of @entity2 after HLA-mismatched unrelated XXXX for @entity8 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether consumer involvement would help to solve some of the ethical problems associated with research into thrombolysis for acute @entity1 , with its inherent risk of fatal @entity2 . DESIGN: Quantitative and qualitative research. SETTING AND @entity0 : CONSULTATION PHASE: three meetings were held to discuss the planned research, and @entity0 completed a questionnaire. QUALITATIVE WORK: focus group meetings explored the issues raised during the consultation phase. Design of information leaflets for @entity0 and relatives: trial materials were drafted during the consultation phase and revised in the light of feedback from the focus group meetings and review by @entity0 and carers on a @entity1 rehabilitation unit. RESULTS: 54 @entity0 attended the consultation meetings. Four (9%) @entity0 considered the risks of thrombolysis too great, but most (89%) were prepared to accept the treatment in a clinical trial. Nearly all would accept treatment if it was shown to be effective. Most (85%) would give their consent to enter the planned trial. The focus group meetings and feedback from @entity0 and carers led to significant changes in the information leaflets. The revised trial materials were considered ethical by a national multicentre research ethics committee. CONCLUSIONS: Consumers generally supported a planned trial, and their involvement helped to refine trial consent procedures and led to an ethically acceptable trial design.

title: Thrombolysis for acute XXXX : consumer involvement in design of new randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Fish populations are globally threatened by overharvesting and habitat degradation. The ability to bank fish embryos by cryopreservation could be crucial for preserving species diversity, for aquaculture (allowing circannual fish farming), and for managing fish models used in @entity0 biomedical research. However, no nonmammalian embryo has ever been successfully cryopreserved. For fish, low membrane permeability prevents cryoprotectants from entering the yolk to prevent cryodamage. Here, we present evidence of a membrane mechanism hindering cryopreservation of fish and propose a novel solution to this obstacle. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) embryos have rectifying membranes that allow water to leave but not to reenter readily. This feature may be an evolutionary trait that allows freshwater embryos to grow in hypoosmotic environments without osmoregulatory organs. However, this trait may also prevent successful fish embryo cryopreservation because both water and cryoprotectants must move into and out of cells. As a solution, we injected @entity1 embryos with mRNA for the @entity2 water channel protein and demonstrated increased membrane permeability to water and to a cryoprotectant. Modeling indicates that sufficient cryoprotectant enters @entity2 -expressing @entity1 embryos to allow cryopreservation.

title: Altering fish embryos with XXXX : an essential step toward successful cryopreservation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiotherapy is a curative treatment modality in the early stages of follicle centre @entity1 . Survival rates, patterns of failure and prognostic factors were evaluated in a retrospective analysis. @entity0 AND METHODS: 116 @entity0 with follicle centre @entity1 and II were treated between 1970 and 1999 in Dresden. Therapy modalities were radiotherapy alone (103 @entity0 ) or combined radiotherapy/chemotherapy (13 @entity0 ). Radiotherapy was applied as involved-field-(IFI)- (104 @entity0 ), extended-field- (nine @entity0 ) or total-nodal- (three @entity0 ) irradiation. @entity0 received doses between 25 Gy and 50 Gy (median 35 Gy). RESULTS: The 5- and 10-year actuarial overall survival rates were 76% and 51%. Relapse free survival was 62% and 48% respectively. The median follow-up was 4,0 years. Relapses after complete remission were registered in 44 cases. Six @entity0 have had in-field-recurrences. The majority of out-field-recurrences were nodal relapses (50%). 11% of relapses occurred outside of lymph nodes or were disseminated failures (18%). Significant favorable prognostic factors identified by multivariate and univariate analysis were low age (age < 50 years vs. age > 50 years), low stage and performance of bipedal lymphangiography as primary staging procedure. CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy is an effective and tolerable treatment modality for follicle centre @entity1 in the early stages I and II. We registered a high proportion of nodal recurrences, which may be minimized by prophylactic extended radiotherapy.

title: [Follicle centre XXXX : treatment results for stage I and II].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Previous studies have revealed considerable interobserver and intraobserver variation in the histological classification of preinvasive cervical @entity0 . The aim of the present study was to develop a decision support system (DSS) for the histological interpretation of these lesions. Knowledge and uncertainty were represented in the form of a Bayesian belief network that permitted the storage of diagnostic knowledge and, for a given case, the collection of evidence in a cumulative manner that provided a final probability for the possible diagnostic outcomes. The network comprised 8 diagnostic histological features (evidence nodes) that were each independently linked to the diagnosis (decision node) by a conditional probability matrix. Diagnostic outcomes comprised normal; koilocytosis; and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) I, @entity1 , and @entity1 . For each evidence feature, a set of images was recorded that represented the full spectrum of change for that feature. The system was designed to be interactive in that the histopathologist was prompted to enter evidence into the network via a specifically designed graphical user interface (i-Path Diagnostics, Belfast, Northern Ireland). Membership functions were used to derive the relative likelihoods for the alternative feature outcomes, the likelihood vector was entered into the network, and the updated diagnostic belief was computed for the diagnostic outcomes and displayed. A cumulative probability graph was generated throughout the diagnostic process and presented on screen. The network was tested on 50 cervical colposcopic biopsy specimens, comprising 10 cases each of normal, koilocytosis, @entity1 I, @entity1 , and @entity1 . These had been preselected by a consultant gynecological pathologist. Using conventional morphological assessment, the cases were classified on 2 separate occasions by 2 consultant and 2 junior pathologists. The cases were also then classified using the DSS on 2 occasions by the 4 pathologists and by 2 medical students with no experience in cervical histology. Interobserver and intraobserver agreement using morphology and using the DSS was calculated with kappa statistics. Intraobserver reproducibility using conventional unaided diagnosis was reasonably good (kappa range, 0.688 to 0.861), but interobserver agreement was poor (kappa range, 0.347 to 0.747). Using the DSS improved overall reproducibility between individuals. Using the DSS, however, did not enhance the diagnostic performance of junior pathologists when comparing their DSS-based diagnosis against an experienced consultant. However, the generation of a cumulative probability graph also allowed a comparison of individual performance, how individual features were assessed in the same case, and how this contributed to diagnostic disagreement between individuals. Diagnostic features such as nuclear pleomorphism were shown to be particularly problematic and poorly reproducible. DSSs such as this therefore not only have a role to play in enhancing decision making but also in the study of diagnostic protocol, education, self-assessment, and quality control.

title: Computerized diagnostic decision support system for the classification of preinvasive cervical XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To evaluate @entity1 ( @entity1 ) allergen levels in house dust and skin reactivity to @entity1 in adult @entity0 and non- @entity0 subjects in inland areas of Croatia. METHODS: @entity1 group 2 (Bla g 2) allergen was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on test strips (Dustscreen(TM) test, Heska AG, Switzerland) in 94 house dust samples collected from living room and bedroom floors, 35 from rural and 59 from urban areas. Skin prick testing with common inhalatory allergens, @entity1 , storage mites Lepidoglyphus destructor and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (ALK-Abello, Denmark) was performed in 187 adult outpatients, 131 from urban and 56 from rural areas. Total serum IgE levels were measured using the ELISA method. Subjects with relevant respiratory and/or skin symptoms, at least one positive skin prick test, and/or increased total IgE were considered @entity0 . RESULTS: Positive skin prick test to cockroach was observed in 18/187 subjects (9.6%). The frequency of skin prick test positive subjects to cockroach was higher in @entity0 than in non- @entity0 subjects, but not significantly (12.2% vs. 4.7%; p=0.098). Of 15 @entity0 subjects with positive skin prick test to cockroach, 14 also had positive skin prick test to storage mites, 8 to house dust mites, 1 to pollens, and none to cockroach only. Positive skin prick test to storage mites was the only factor which significantly increased the risk for having positive skin prick test to cockroach (n=187; odds ratio, 109.82; 95% confidence interval, 2.06- 5853.5; p= 0.020). In all 94 house dust samples, Bla g 2 was not detectable. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that there is no relevant exposure to cockroach allergen in house dust samples from inland areas of Croatia. Consequently, positive skin prick test to cockroach is rare in adult subjects, even in atopics. Positive skin prick test to cockroach in atopics is in the majority of cases related to positive skin prick test to storage mites, probably due to cross-reactivity.

title: Exposure levels and skin reactivity to XXXX ( @entity1 ) in Croatia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To evaluate @entity1 ( @entity1 ) allergen levels in house dust and skin reactivity to @entity1 in adult @entity0 and non- @entity0 subjects in inland areas of Croatia. METHODS: @entity1 group 2 (Bla g 2) allergen was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on test strips (Dustscreen(TM) test, Heska AG, Switzerland) in 94 house dust samples collected from living room and bedroom floors, 35 from rural and 59 from urban areas. Skin prick testing with common inhalatory allergens, @entity1 , storage mites Lepidoglyphus destructor and Tyrophagus putrescentiae (ALK-Abello, Denmark) was performed in 187 adult outpatients, 131 from urban and 56 from rural areas. Total serum IgE levels were measured using the ELISA method. Subjects with relevant respiratory and/or skin symptoms, at least one positive skin prick test, and/or increased total IgE were considered @entity0 . RESULTS: Positive skin prick test to cockroach was observed in 18/187 subjects (9.6%). The frequency of skin prick test positive subjects to cockroach was higher in @entity0 than in non- @entity0 subjects, but not significantly (12.2% vs. 4.7%; p=0.098). Of 15 @entity0 subjects with positive skin prick test to cockroach, 14 also had positive skin prick test to storage mites, 8 to house dust mites, 1 to pollens, and none to cockroach only. Positive skin prick test to storage mites was the only factor which significantly increased the risk for having positive skin prick test to cockroach (n=187; odds ratio, 109.82; 95% confidence interval, 2.06- 5853.5; p= 0.020). In all 94 house dust samples, Bla g 2 was not detectable. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that there is no relevant exposure to cockroach allergen in house dust samples from inland areas of Croatia. Consequently, positive skin prick test to cockroach is rare in adult subjects, even in atopics. Positive skin prick test to cockroach in atopics is in the majority of cases related to positive skin prick test to storage mites, probably due to cross-reactivity.

title: Exposure levels and skin reactivity to @entity1 ( XXXX ) in Croatia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: More and more prosthetic materials are being used in the treatment of @entity1 . This report deals with some unusual but devastating complications, occurring after preperitoneal mesh implantation. A 56-year old male @entity0 underwent a Stoppa-repair for a @entity1 . Two years postoperatively, a localized abdominal wall abscess was treated with antibiotics and drainage. A barium enema and a CT-scan of the abdomen were performed to rule out an enteric @entity2 ; the CT-scan unexpectedly revealed a tumoral mass involving the sigmoid colon, and an explorative laparotomy was done. Peroperatively, part of the mesh was found to penetrate the bowel wall and a sigmoidectomy with removal of the mesh was performed. Two years later, ingrowth of the urinary bladder by the remains of the mesh was the unfortunate peroperative finding when the @entity0 was operated on for an inflammatory mass, involving the bladder wall. The @entity0 needed two more interventions for persisting wound @entity2 . All the remains of the mesh have been removed and all @entity2 have been widely excised. Nowadays, the @entity0 is recovering well with complete healing of all wounds. Although infection of prostheses used in the treatment of @entity3 has been described, late and serious complications related to mesh implantation, such as perforation of the @entity4 , have seldom been reported.

title: Unusual complications of preperitoneal mesh implantation in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly among older @entity0 , but there is little information on how individuals experience this. AIMS: This study was conducted to explore the experiences of individuals who had suffered a @entity2 . The aim was not to produce generalizable findings but, rather, to generate a rich description of the experience of incurring and recovering from a @entity2 , to inform nursing practice. METHOD: Phenomenological methodology was used. A purposeful sample of five older @entity0 was interviewed, following a stay in a community hospital for rehabilitation after surgical repair of a @entity2 . The unstructured interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed for significant statements and meanings. FINDINGS: Four major themes emerged: the injury experience, the @entity1 experience, the recovery experience and the disability experience. The injury experience consisted of storytelling, recalling the experience of the injury itself. The @entity1 experience consisted of coping with the @entity1 . The recovery experience involved the operation, beginning the struggle of recovery, and regaining independence. The disability experience consisted of the disability itself, depending on others, and being housebound. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 management, meeting psychological and physical needs for nursing care, planning for discharge, and ensuring a reasonable quality of life are areas for nursing care development. Consideration of appropriate settings for rehabilitation is needed and there should be further investigation into improving quality of life after discharge.

title: @entity0 ' experiences of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a major cause of mortality and morbidity, particularly among older @entity0 , but there is little information on how individuals experience this. AIMS: This study was conducted to explore the experiences of individuals who had suffered a @entity2 . The aim was not to produce generalizable findings but, rather, to generate a rich description of the experience of incurring and recovering from a @entity2 , to inform nursing practice. METHOD: Phenomenological methodology was used. A purposeful sample of five older @entity0 was interviewed, following a stay in a community hospital for rehabilitation after surgical repair of a @entity2 . The unstructured interviews were tape-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed for significant statements and meanings. FINDINGS: Four major themes emerged: the injury experience, the @entity1 experience, the recovery experience and the disability experience. The injury experience consisted of storytelling, recalling the experience of the injury itself. The @entity1 experience consisted of coping with the @entity1 . The recovery experience involved the operation, beginning the struggle of recovery, and regaining independence. The disability experience consisted of the disability itself, depending on others, and being housebound. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 management, meeting psychological and physical needs for nursing care, planning for discharge, and ensuring a reasonable quality of life are areas for nursing care development. Consideration of appropriate settings for rehabilitation is needed and there should be further investigation into improving quality of life after discharge.

title: XXXX ' experiences of @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B( @entity3 ) during reperfusion after temporary @entity5 and to evaluate its effect. METHODS: The @entity5 -reperfusion(I/R) model of @entity0 was established with ligating bilateral common carotid arteries and @entity2 for 0.3 ml in the tail. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were recorded. Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the activity of @entity3 subunit P65 and the inhibitory factor-kappa B alpha( @entity4 ) in cerebral cortex during different periods of @entity1 and reperfusion. Their mRNA expressions were also measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS: @entity3 P65 activity significantly increased 30 minutes after the reperfusion, peaking at the 2nd hour, and remaining high within 24 hours (all P < 0.05). But the mRNA expression didn't change much; @entity4 and its mRNA expression began to decrease at 30 minutes after the reperfusion, peaking at the 2nd hour after the reperfusion (P < 0.05) and then gradually restored. Positive correlation was found between @entity3 P65 activity and @entity6 (P < 0.05), while negative correlation was shown among @entity4 , its mRNA, and @entity6 (P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: Both activated @entity3 and decreased @entity4 exist in the neural tissues of @entity0 at the early stage of @entity5 -reperfusion. The activated @entity3 may be involved in the @entity1 -reperfusion injury.

title: [Nuclear factor-kappa B activity at the early stage of XXXX and reperfusion in @entity0 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B( @entity3 ) during reperfusion after temporary @entity5 and to evaluate its effect. METHODS: The @entity5 -reperfusion(I/R) model of @entity0 was established with ligating bilateral common carotid arteries and @entity2 for 0.3 ml in the tail. @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were recorded. Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the activity of @entity3 subunit P65 and the inhibitory factor-kappa B alpha( @entity4 ) in cerebral cortex during different periods of @entity1 and reperfusion. Their mRNA expressions were also measured by RT-PCR. RESULTS: @entity3 P65 activity significantly increased 30 minutes after the reperfusion, peaking at the 2nd hour, and remaining high within 24 hours (all P < 0.05). But the mRNA expression didn't change much; @entity4 and its mRNA expression began to decrease at 30 minutes after the reperfusion, peaking at the 2nd hour after the reperfusion (P < 0.05) and then gradually restored. Positive correlation was found between @entity3 P65 activity and @entity6 (P < 0.05), while negative correlation was shown among @entity4 , its mRNA, and @entity6 (P < 0.05, respectively). CONCLUSION: Both activated @entity3 and decreased @entity4 exist in the neural tissues of @entity0 at the early stage of @entity5 -reperfusion. The activated @entity3 may be involved in the @entity1 -reperfusion injury.

title: [Nuclear factor-kappa B activity at the early stage of @entity5 and reperfusion in XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 . michiganensis is a plant-pathogenic actinomycete. It infects @entity1 , spreads through the xylem and causes bacterial wilt and canker. The wild-type strain NCPPB382 carries two plasmids, pCM1 and pCM2. The cured plasmid-free derivative CMM100 is still able to colonize @entity1 , but no disease symptoms develop indicating that all genes required for successful infection, establishment and growth in the plant reside on the chromosome. Both plasmids carry one virulence factor, a gene encoding a cellulase, CelA in case of pCM1 and a putative @entity2 protease Pat-1 on pCM2. These genes can independently convert the non-virulent strain CMM100 into a pathogen causing wilt on tomatoes. Currently, genome projects for Cmm and the closely related @entity0 -pathogen @entity3 have been initiated. The data from the genome project shall give clues on further genes involved in plant-microbe interaction that can be tested experimentally. Especially, identification of genes related to host-specificity through genome comparison of the two subspecies might be possible.

title: XXXX . michiganensis: first steps in the understanding of virulence of a Gram-positive phytopathogenic bacterium.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Ovoinhibitor is a @entity2 protease-inhibiting protein that was originally purified from egg whites. It is secreted by the oviduct under the control of @entity1 and @entity3 and it specifically inhibits @entity2 proteinases such as trypsin and chymotrypsin. During recent attempts to raise monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) against @entity4 bursa of Fabricius proteins, one Mab was produced that specifically recognized @entity4 ovoinhibitor. This was the first demonstration of ovoinhibitor in an avian immune organ. We presently report on the expression of an ovoinhibitor-like molecule by the pituitary of the @entity4 as revealed by immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. Immunofluorescent dual staining experiments using the mouse anti-ovoinhibitor Mab in conjunction with polyclonal antibodies against various hypophysial hormones revealed partial co-localization of an ovoinhibitor-like molecule with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), luteinizing hormone (LH), and @entity6 ( @entity6 ), in a subset of the respective hormone producing cells. By contrast, no co-localization with prolactin (PRL) could be reliably demonstrated. RT-PCR of hypophysial mRNA using ovoinhibitor gene-specific primers yielded an amplicon that was 20% shorter than predicted on the basis of the published ovoinhibitor sequence. Sequencing revealed that of the represented exons only the central portion was expressed in the pituitary and that both 5' and 3' ends of each exon had been truncated. While expression of ovalbumin-like @entity2 protease inhibitors (serpins) has been previously reported in the @entity0 pituitary, to our knowledge, this is the first report of a Kazal-type @entity2 protease inhibitor in the vertebrate neuroendocrine system.

title: The XXXX pituitary expresses an ovoinhibitor-like protein in subpopulations of some, but not all, hormone-producing cell types.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) regulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity controlling the breakdown of extracellular matrix components and, thus, play an important role in the process of invasion and @entity1 . Moreover, there are several new functions, growth control, apoptosis, and angiogenesis-, in which TIMPs seem to be involved. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of @entity7 in @entity0 @entity2 assessing @entity7 protein expression in 106 @entity3 and evaluating its importance relative to clinicopathologic parameters (age, gender, histological grade, and stage) and @entity0 survival, as well as to markers associated with cell growth and apoptosis (Ki-67, @entity6 , and @entity5 ). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Immunohistochemistry (avidin- @entity8 complex method-horseradish peroxidase) was performed to detect @entity7 , Ki-67, @entity6 , and @entity5 proteins using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Statistical analysis was univariate and multivariate. RESULTS: @entity7 immunohistochemical expression was observed in stromal fibroblasts and in cancerous cells in 26.4% and 69.8% of cases, respectively. @entity7 stromal but not cancerous cell expression associated significantly with the high histological grade of @entity4 (P < 0.0001) and the advanced stage of the disease (P = 0.001). @entity7 either stromal or cancerous cell expression correlated significantly with the expression of Ki-67 proliferation indice (P = 0.02 and P = 0.044, respectively) and the mutant @entity6 protein (P = 0.043 and P = 0.045, respectively). In univariate survival analysis @entity0 with positive @entity7 stromal cell immunohistochemical expression had a significantly worse overall survival in comparison with @entity7 stromal cell-negative @entity0 (log rank test: P = 0.0002). However, in multivariate survival analysis the only independent survival factors were the stage of the disease and @entity0 age. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 protein expression in either the stromal or cancerous cells is associated with the proliferation index Ki-67 and the apoptosis-related protein @entity6 . These findings are in keeping with in vitro studies reporting a growth-promoting ability of @entity7 and its involvement in apoptosis regulation. On the other hand, @entity7 stromal cell expression only was associated with adverse prognosis of @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 as a multifunctional molecule of which the expression is associated with adverse prognosis of @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) regulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity controlling the breakdown of extracellular matrix components and, thus, play an important role in the process of invasion and @entity1 . Moreover, there are several new functions, growth control, apoptosis, and angiogenesis-, in which TIMPs seem to be involved. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of @entity7 in @entity0 @entity2 assessing @entity7 protein expression in 106 @entity3 and evaluating its importance relative to clinicopathologic parameters (age, gender, histological grade, and stage) and @entity0 survival, as well as to markers associated with cell growth and apoptosis (Ki-67, @entity6 , and @entity5 ). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Immunohistochemistry (avidin- @entity8 complex method-horseradish peroxidase) was performed to detect @entity7 , Ki-67, @entity6 , and @entity5 proteins using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Statistical analysis was univariate and multivariate. RESULTS: @entity7 immunohistochemical expression was observed in stromal fibroblasts and in cancerous cells in 26.4% and 69.8% of cases, respectively. @entity7 stromal but not cancerous cell expression associated significantly with the high histological grade of @entity4 (P < 0.0001) and the advanced stage of the disease (P = 0.001). @entity7 either stromal or cancerous cell expression correlated significantly with the expression of Ki-67 proliferation indice (P = 0.02 and P = 0.044, respectively) and the mutant @entity6 protein (P = 0.043 and P = 0.045, respectively). In univariate survival analysis @entity0 with positive @entity7 stromal cell immunohistochemical expression had a significantly worse overall survival in comparison with @entity7 stromal cell-negative @entity0 (log rank test: P = 0.0002). However, in multivariate survival analysis the only independent survival factors were the stage of the disease and @entity0 age. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 protein expression in either the stromal or cancerous cells is associated with the proliferation index Ki-67 and the apoptosis-related protein @entity6 . These findings are in keeping with in vitro studies reporting a growth-promoting ability of @entity7 and its involvement in apoptosis regulation. On the other hand, @entity7 stromal cell expression only was associated with adverse prognosis of @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 as a multifunctional molecule of which the expression is associated with adverse prognosis of XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The uptake of faecal occult blood testing in a workplace based @entity1 screening programme was investigated. Altogether 1828 employees aged 41-65 years at a large British industrial company were invited to receive a free faecal occult blood test (Haemoccult). Faecal occult blood tests were completed on three separate days. @entity0 with positive results were invited to undergo colonoscopy. The number of employees completing kits was measured and differences in compliance according to age, sex, and occupation were tested with a chi2 test. Compliance was 25.4%, and similar in @entity0 (25.0%) and @entity0 (32.0%, chi2=3.0, not significant). In @entity0 , compliance was highest in those aged 51-60 years (30.5% chi2>1.6, p<0.001). Compliance in @entity0 aged 41-50 years, 51-60 years, and 61-65 years was similar (Yates's corrected chi2<2.08, not significant). Managers returned more kits than clerical and blue collar workers (28.6% v 23.5%, chi2=5.6, p<0.02). One percent of tests were positive and one @entity0 had a @entity2 . Compliance in employees aged 51-60 years was comparable to that achieved in one-off British general practice programmes, but less than that in the large randomised trial of screening in general practices in Nottinghamshire. Health education of large numbers of @entity0 is easier at the workplace than in the community. Future screening must target older employees and those with clerical and blue collar jobs.

title: An industry based approach to XXXX screening in an asymptomatic population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is the most common form of @entity1 and is one of the most common @entity4 in individuals with chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome. However, the frequency of a chromosome 22q11 deletion in @entity0 with a @entity6 is not known. In addition, among @entity0 with a @entity6 , it is not clear whether particular types of @entity6 or associated cardiovascular phenotypic features are associated with a chromosome 22q11 deletion. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 125 @entity0 with a conoventricular (n = 100), posterior @entity5 (n = 14), or @entity3 (n = 11) @entity6 who were admitted to @entity0 's Hospital of Philadelphia between November 1991 and December 2001. @entity0 were studied for a chromosome 22q11 deletion by using fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: A chromosome 22q11 deletion was detected in 12 (10%) of the 125 @entity0 . Anatomic features that were significantly associated with a chromosome 22q11 deletion included abnormal @entity8 sidedness, an abnormal @entity8 @entity7 pattern, a cervical @entity8 , and @entity2 . There was no correlation between the type of @entity6 and chromosome 22q11 deletion. Of 20 @entity0 with an abnormal @entity8 and/or @entity2 , 45% had a chromosome 22q11 deletion compared with only 3% of those with a left @entity8 , normal @entity8 @entity7 pattern, and continuous branch @entity2 CONCLUSIONS: A chromosome 22q11 deletion is common in individuals with a conoventricular, posterior @entity5 , or @entity3 @entity6 and anomalies of the @entity8 or branch @entity2 . On the basis of these findings, at a minimum, we recommend testing for a chromosome 22q11 deletion in @entity0 with these types of @entity6 who have abnormalities of @entity8 sidedness or @entity7 , a cervical @entity8 , and/or @entity2 . Testing of @entity0 with these types of @entity6 but a normal @entity8 and @entity2 may be performed routinely or guided by the presence of associated noncardiovascular features of chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome.

title: Chromosome 22q11 deletion in @entity0 with @entity6 : frequency and associated XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is the most common form of @entity1 and is one of the most common @entity4 in individuals with chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome. However, the frequency of a chromosome 22q11 deletion in @entity0 with a @entity6 is not known. In addition, among @entity0 with a @entity6 , it is not clear whether particular types of @entity6 or associated cardiovascular phenotypic features are associated with a chromosome 22q11 deletion. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 125 @entity0 with a conoventricular (n = 100), posterior @entity5 (n = 14), or @entity3 (n = 11) @entity6 who were admitted to @entity0 's Hospital of Philadelphia between November 1991 and December 2001. @entity0 were studied for a chromosome 22q11 deletion by using fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: A chromosome 22q11 deletion was detected in 12 (10%) of the 125 @entity0 . Anatomic features that were significantly associated with a chromosome 22q11 deletion included abnormal @entity8 sidedness, an abnormal @entity8 @entity7 pattern, a cervical @entity8 , and @entity2 . There was no correlation between the type of @entity6 and chromosome 22q11 deletion. Of 20 @entity0 with an abnormal @entity8 and/or @entity2 , 45% had a chromosome 22q11 deletion compared with only 3% of those with a left @entity8 , normal @entity8 @entity7 pattern, and continuous branch @entity2 CONCLUSIONS: A chromosome 22q11 deletion is common in individuals with a conoventricular, posterior @entity5 , or @entity3 @entity6 and anomalies of the @entity8 or branch @entity2 . On the basis of these findings, at a minimum, we recommend testing for a chromosome 22q11 deletion in @entity0 with these types of @entity6 who have abnormalities of @entity8 sidedness or @entity7 , a cervical @entity8 , and/or @entity2 . Testing of @entity0 with these types of @entity6 but a normal @entity8 and @entity2 may be performed routinely or guided by the presence of associated noncardiovascular features of chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome.

title: Chromosome 22q11 deletion in @entity0 with XXXX : frequency and associated @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: A @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is the most common form of @entity1 and is one of the most common @entity4 in individuals with chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome. However, the frequency of a chromosome 22q11 deletion in @entity0 with a @entity6 is not known. In addition, among @entity0 with a @entity6 , it is not clear whether particular types of @entity6 or associated cardiovascular phenotypic features are associated with a chromosome 22q11 deletion. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 125 @entity0 with a conoventricular (n = 100), posterior @entity5 (n = 14), or @entity3 (n = 11) @entity6 who were admitted to @entity0 's Hospital of Philadelphia between November 1991 and December 2001. @entity0 were studied for a chromosome 22q11 deletion by using fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS: A chromosome 22q11 deletion was detected in 12 (10%) of the 125 @entity0 . Anatomic features that were significantly associated with a chromosome 22q11 deletion included abnormal @entity8 sidedness, an abnormal @entity8 @entity7 pattern, a cervical @entity8 , and @entity2 . There was no correlation between the type of @entity6 and chromosome 22q11 deletion. Of 20 @entity0 with an abnormal @entity8 and/or @entity2 , 45% had a chromosome 22q11 deletion compared with only 3% of those with a left @entity8 , normal @entity8 @entity7 pattern, and continuous branch @entity2 CONCLUSIONS: A chromosome 22q11 deletion is common in individuals with a conoventricular, posterior @entity5 , or @entity3 @entity6 and anomalies of the @entity8 or branch @entity2 . On the basis of these findings, at a minimum, we recommend testing for a chromosome 22q11 deletion in @entity0 with these types of @entity6 who have abnormalities of @entity8 sidedness or @entity7 , a cervical @entity8 , and/or @entity2 . Testing of @entity0 with these types of @entity6 but a normal @entity8 and @entity2 may be performed routinely or guided by the presence of associated noncardiovascular features of chromosome 22q11 deletion syndrome.

title: Chromosome 22q11 deletion in XXXX with @entity6 : frequency and associated @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To understand how nursing home staff obtain information needed for implementing @entity0 -centered care (PCC) to residents with @entity3 who exhibit @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and how they communicate this information to other staff. Barriers to PCC and information exchange were also explored. DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity0 were 59 staff from two nursing homes. Focus group methodology captured discussions in eight 1-hr sessions. Sessions were audiotaped and transcribed. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis to provide a comprehensive summary of real world context of implementing PCC. RESULTS: To deliver PCC staff identified a need for access to psychosocial/medical history of the resident and knowledge of strategies families used for managing @entity1 in the past. However, resident information is not routinely shared with all staff and written documentation systems for communicating resident-specific information do not support the time-pressured work pattern of certified nursing assistants (CNAs). @entity4 was considered more reliable and expedient than educational sessions. CNAs described themselves as @entity2 who prefer educational programs addressing individual resident emergent behaviors and programs that are scheduled at dedicated times. IMPLICATIONS: To improve PCC the flow of information exchange requires: inclusion of all staff, particularly CNAs; systems of communication that consider the time and resource constraints of nursing homes; development of educational programs for @entity1 that are responsive to staff learning styles; administrative investment in nursing leadership to effect these changes; and reimbursement approaches to encourage culture change investments.

title: "Wish we would have known that!" Communication Breakdown Impedes XXXX -Centered Care.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Metastatic or non-resectable (stage IV) @entity9 has a rapidly fatal outcome (median survival: 3-6 months), thus making gene therapy a viable therapeutic option. The objectives of the clinical studies are to evaluate the safety/ @entity5 and potential anti- @entity1 response/efficacy of intravenous (i.v.) infusions of a 'pathotropic' retroviral vector bearing a cytocidal gene construct (Rexin-G) as a gene transfer intervention for stage IV @entity9 . An intra- @entity0 dose escalation regimen was used wherein increasing doses of Rexin-G were given i.v. daily for 8-10 days. Completion of this regimen was followed by a one-week evaluation period for @entity5 , after which, the maximum tolerated dose of Rexin-G was administered for another 8-10 days. In a second protocol, i.v. Rexin-G was administered frontline for 6 days followed by 8 doses of weekly @entity4 . The NIH Common @entity5 Criteria Vs.2 was used to assess @entity5 , and the NCI-RECIST criteria and @entity1 volume measurements were used to evaluate potential anti- @entity1 responses. We report the results of the first 3 @entity0 that participated in the studies. Rexin-G arrested @entity1 growth in 3 of 3 @entity0 without experiencing dose-limiting @entity5 . No @entity6 , significant alterations in @entity2 , @entity7 and @entity8 , @entity3 or hair loss were observed. Two @entity0 are alive with stable disease approximately 5 and 14 months from diagnosis, and 1 @entity0 is alive with progressive disease 20 months from diagnosis. The encouraging results of this first clinical experience will guide the design and planning of phase I/II clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of Rexin-G as the first targeted injectable gene therapy vector for stage IV @entity9 .

title: First clinical experience using a 'pathotropic' injectable retroviral vector (Rexin-G) as intervention for stage IV XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity1 is one of the common complications of @entity1 and is the leading cause for @entity0 ' @entity4 and sight loss. However, the mechanism of @entity1 is not clearly defined. The present study was undertaken to investigate neuroretinal apoptosis in different stages in a @entity2 model for @entity1 and the mechanism of @entity1 . KKAY @entity2 with genetic @entity1 , an animal model for @entity3 2 @entity1 , was used in this study. @entity2 were divided into a control group and a @entity1 group. The @entity2 in both groups were sacrificed at one month and three months, and the @entity2 eyeballs were used for making retinal histologic sections. We showed in this study that the apoptotic cell numbers for retinal neural cells in the ganglion cell layer were significantly greater in the @entity1 group than in the control group (p<0.01), as determined by the TUNEL assay. In addition, many more apoptotic retinal neuronal cells were found in the retinal ganglion cell layer and medial part of the inner nuclear layer in the @entity1 group when the @entity2 were sacrificed at three months as compared to those sacrificed at one month (p<0.01). We also studied the ultrastructure of the retinal nerve cells and microvesseles by electron microscopy and demonstrated that the ultrastructure changes for retinal neural cells and @entity6 were observed in, as early as, the early stage of @entity1 . These findings indicate that: i). @entity6 and @entity5 occur in the early stage of @entity1 , ii). apoptosis may be an important mechanism through which @entity7 is developed, and iii). both @entity7 and @entity6 should be considered as the @entity1 .

title: Neuro-optic cell apoptosis and XXXX in KKAY @entity2 retina.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity1 is one of the common complications of @entity1 and is the leading cause for @entity0 ' @entity4 and sight loss. However, the mechanism of @entity1 is not clearly defined. The present study was undertaken to investigate neuroretinal apoptosis in different stages in a @entity2 model for @entity1 and the mechanism of @entity1 . KKAY @entity2 with genetic @entity1 , an animal model for @entity3 2 @entity1 , was used in this study. @entity2 were divided into a control group and a @entity1 group. The @entity2 in both groups were sacrificed at one month and three months, and the @entity2 eyeballs were used for making retinal histologic sections. We showed in this study that the apoptotic cell numbers for retinal neural cells in the ganglion cell layer were significantly greater in the @entity1 group than in the control group (p<0.01), as determined by the TUNEL assay. In addition, many more apoptotic retinal neuronal cells were found in the retinal ganglion cell layer and medial part of the inner nuclear layer in the @entity1 group when the @entity2 were sacrificed at three months as compared to those sacrificed at one month (p<0.01). We also studied the ultrastructure of the retinal nerve cells and microvesseles by electron microscopy and demonstrated that the ultrastructure changes for retinal neural cells and @entity6 were observed in, as early as, the early stage of @entity1 . These findings indicate that: i). @entity6 and @entity5 occur in the early stage of @entity1 , ii). apoptosis may be an important mechanism through which @entity7 is developed, and iii). both @entity7 and @entity6 should be considered as the @entity1 .

title: Neuro-optic cell apoptosis and @entity5 in KKAY XXXX retina.

answer: @entity2