abstract: OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to evaluate our medium-term results on common bile duct stenting with increasing numbers of stents on strictures due to chronic calcifying @entity2 . BACKGROUND: Common bile duct strictures frequently complicate the course of chronic calcifying @entity2 . The effectiveness of endoscopic stenting to resolve definitely these strictures is still debated. STUDY: Twenty-nine @entity0 with common bile duct stricture due to chronic calcifying @entity2 were stented and followed up. Biliary sphincterotomy, dilation of the stricture, and insertion of plastic biliary stents (7.5-10 F) were performed. @entity0 were scheduled for elective stent changing/restenting at 3-month intervals or any time when it was urgently indicated. Our basic intention was to insert the maximum possible number of stents to reach as large diameter as the stricture allowed. All stents were removed after the disappearance of @entity3 or left in place in cases of persisting strictures. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity0 (60%) had complete radiologic and serologic recovery after a mean of 21.1 months overall stenting time and had a stent free follow-up period for a mean of 12.1 months without recurrence of stricture. Five @entity0 (16%) still have stents in place after 26 months. Three @entity0 (13%) required surgery. There were 3 deaths (10%): 1 for unrelated cause and 2 with @entity1 of biliary origin. CONCLUSIONS: Most chronic calcifying @entity2 @entity0 with common bile duct strictures respond to the increasing numbers of endoscopic stents, and remain stent free for medium term periods. Less @entity0 (30%) does not benefit of biliary stenting, who are candidates for surgery.

title: Medium-term results of endoscopic treatment of common bile duct strictures in chronic calcifying XXXX with increasing numbers of stents.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Two hundred consecutive @entity0 undergoing only coronary bypass surgery were studied. Forty-five @entity0 (group A) developed new @entity5 and 155 @entity0 (group B) did not. The 45 @entity0 in group A developed the following @entity5 : @entity5 47%, @entity5 and left anterior hemiblock 8%, @entity5 and first-degree @entity4 %, left anterior hemiblock 11%, @entity5 18%, @entity5 -left anterior hemiblock and first-degree @entity4 5%. There were no significant differences in sex, incidence of @entity1 , number of grafts performed, ejection fraction (less than 55%), and perioperative @entity7 . Group A @entity0 were older (p less than 0.01). @entity2 was found frequently in group A (27 vs 45 @entity0 ; p less than 0.01) and was present for a mean of 12.4 years in group A and 4.9 years in group B (p less than 0.01). Preoperative use of digitalis was found in 14 (31%) @entity0 in group A and in 18 (12%) @entity0 in group B (p less than 0.01). Twenty-one (47%) @entity0 in group A had significant disease (greater than 70%) of the left main coronary artery as compared to 17 (10.9%) in group B (p less than 0.001). There was no difference in the recurrence of @entity6 or the survival rate at 14 months. In conclusion, the incidence of new @entity5 after bypass surgery is 22.5%. Long-standing @entity2 , left main @entity3 , and the preoperative use of digitalis appear to be predisposing factors. @entity5 does not affect prognosis.

title: Etiology and clinical significance of new XXXX following coronary bypass surgery.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) have been used to compare and evaluate different types of mesh fixation usually employed to repair open @entity2 . However, there is no consensus among surgeons on the best type of mesh fixation method to obtain optimal results. The choice often depends on surgeons' personal preference. This study aims to compare different types of mesh fixation methods to repair open @entity2 and their role in the incidences of chronic @entity1 , risk of @entity4 recurrence, complications, operative time, length of hospital stay and @entity3 , using Bayesian network meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of @entity5 . METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A systematic search will be performed using PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) and Chinese Journal Full-text Database, to include @entity5 of different mesh fixation methods (or fixation vs no fixation) during open @entity2 . The risk of bias in included @entity5 will be evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook V.5.1.0. Standard pairwise meta-analysis, trial sequential analysis and Bayesian network meta-analysis will be performed to compare the efficacy of different mesh fixation methods. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethical approval and @entity0 consent are not required since this study is a meta-analysis based on published studies. The results of this network meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal for publication. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42015023758.

title: Mesh fixation methods in open XXXX : a protocol for network meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomised controlled trials.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an accepted choice for the treatment of uncomplicated duodenal @entity2 . Its use in @entity0 with @entity3 , however, remains quite controversial. Since 1980, 69 @entity0 have undergone @entity5 at the Medical College of Georgia Hospitals. Of these, 20 (29%) underwent either @entity1 (14) or duodenoplasty (6) for accompanying @entity4 . The obstruction was graded as severe in 17 (85%) and moderate in three (15%). Follow-up evaluation has included Visick grading and endoscopy. There have been two deaths (38 and 54 months following surgery). Both @entity0 were Visick I. Of the 18 @entity0 available for review to date, 12 (67%) are Visick I and four (22%) are Visick II. There have been two failures (11%), discovered only by endoscopic follow-up in asymptomatic @entity0 . No @entity0 have required reoperation. @entity5 with @entity1 or duodenoplasty is a reasonable surgical alternative for the treatment of obstructing @entity6 .

title: @entity5 with @entity1 or duodenoplasty. A surgical alternative for obstructing duodenal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an accepted choice for the treatment of uncomplicated duodenal @entity2 . Its use in @entity0 with @entity3 , however, remains quite controversial. Since 1980, 69 @entity0 have undergone @entity5 at the Medical College of Georgia Hospitals. Of these, 20 (29%) underwent either @entity1 (14) or duodenoplasty (6) for accompanying @entity4 . The obstruction was graded as severe in 17 (85%) and moderate in three (15%). Follow-up evaluation has included Visick grading and endoscopy. There have been two deaths (38 and 54 months following surgery). Both @entity0 were Visick I. Of the 18 @entity0 available for review to date, 12 (67%) are Visick I and four (22%) are Visick II. There have been two failures (11%), discovered only by endoscopic follow-up in asymptomatic @entity0 . No @entity0 have required reoperation. @entity5 with @entity1 or duodenoplasty is a reasonable surgical alternative for the treatment of obstructing @entity6 .

title: XXXX with @entity1 or duodenoplasty. A surgical alternative for obstructing duodenal @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an accepted choice for the treatment of uncomplicated duodenal @entity2 . Its use in @entity0 with @entity3 , however, remains quite controversial. Since 1980, 69 @entity0 have undergone @entity5 at the Medical College of Georgia Hospitals. Of these, 20 (29%) underwent either @entity1 (14) or duodenoplasty (6) for accompanying @entity4 . The obstruction was graded as severe in 17 (85%) and moderate in three (15%). Follow-up evaluation has included Visick grading and endoscopy. There have been two deaths (38 and 54 months following surgery). Both @entity0 were Visick I. Of the 18 @entity0 available for review to date, 12 (67%) are Visick I and four (22%) are Visick II. There have been two failures (11%), discovered only by endoscopic follow-up in asymptomatic @entity0 . No @entity0 have required reoperation. @entity5 with @entity1 or duodenoplasty is a reasonable surgical alternative for the treatment of obstructing @entity6 .

title: @entity5 with XXXX or duodenoplasty. A surgical alternative for obstructing duodenal @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Ehrlichia species can cause life-threatening @entity3 . Mechanisms of protective immunity were examined in an Ehrlichia muris @entity1 model of monocytotropic @entity6 . C57BL/6 @entity1 possessed strong genetic resistance to E. muris of an undetermined mechanism. CD8 T lymphocytes were particularly important, as revealed by 81% fatalities for E. muris-infected, major histocompatibility complex class I gene knockout @entity1 compared with no deaths for wild-type C3H @entity1 . Moreover, 80% of C3H @entity1 depleted of CD8 and @entity5 cells died of E. muris @entity3 compared with only 44% of @entity5 cell-depleted @entity1 . CD8 T lymphocytes were demonstrated for the first time in an Ehrlichia @entity3 to exhibit cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity against Ehrlichia-infected target cells. Both gamma interferon and @entity0 @entity2 factor were shown to play synergistic roles in protective immunity in vivo for the first time, as demonstrated by 75% fatalities when both cytokines were neutralized compared with minimal mortality when they were depleted separately. Passive transfer of antibodies, but not Fab fragments, to E. muris protected C3H/ @entity4 @entity1 against @entity3 . The mechanism of increased susceptibility (22% lethality) of C57BL/6 major histocompatibility complex class II gene knockout @entity1 and @entity5 cell-depleted C3H @entity1 (i.e., through a gamma interferon or antibody mechanism), as well as the more important role of CD8 T lymphocytes (in the form of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity and/or gamma interferon production), remains to be elucidated. Protective immunity against monocytotropic E. muris is mediated by a combination of CD8 and @entity5 T lymphocytes, gamma interferon, @entity0 @entity2 factor alpha, and antibodies.

title: Mechanisms of immunity to Ehrlichia muris: a model of monocytotropic XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity4 is the causative agent of a variety of @entity5 , but the clinical relevance of bacterial virulence factors is still controversial. Virulent strains carrying the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) are thought to be key players in disease development. Here, we have compared cagPAI-dependent in vitro responses in @entity4 isolates obtained from 75 @entity0 with @entity7 , peptic ulcer, and @entity1 (n = 25 in each group). @entity9 gastric epithelial cells were infected with each strain and assayed for (i) @entity6 expression, (ii) translocation and @entity2 phosphorylation of @entity6 , (iii) @entity8 inactivation, (iv) cortactin dephosphorylation, (v) induction of actin cytoskeletal rearrangements associated with cell elongation, (vi) induction of cellular motility, and (vii) secretion of @entity3 . Interestingly, we found high but similar prevalences of all of these cagPAI-dependent host cell responses (ranging from 56 to 80%) among the various groups of @entity0 . This study revealed @entity6 proteins with unique features, @entity6 subspecies of various sizes, and new functional properties for the phenotypic outcomes. We further showed that induction of @entity9 cell motility and elongation are two independent processes. Our data corroborate epidemiological studies, which indicate a significant association of cagPAI presence and functionality with histopathological findings in @entity7 , peptic ulcer, and @entity1 @entity0 , thus emphasizing the importance of the cagPAI for the pathogenicity of @entity4 . Nevertheless, we found no significant association of the specific @entity4 -induced responses with any particular @entity0 group. This may indicate that the determination of disease development is highly complex and involves multiple bacterial and/or host factors.

title: Functional analysis of the cag pathogenicity island in XXXX isolates from @entity0 with @entity7 , peptic ulcer, and @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 is the causative agent of a variety of @entity5 , but the clinical relevance of bacterial virulence factors is still controversial. Virulent strains carrying the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) are thought to be key players in disease development. Here, we have compared cagPAI-dependent in vitro responses in @entity4 isolates obtained from 75 @entity0 with @entity7 , peptic ulcer, and @entity1 (n = 25 in each group). @entity9 gastric epithelial cells were infected with each strain and assayed for (i) @entity6 expression, (ii) translocation and @entity2 phosphorylation of @entity6 , (iii) @entity8 inactivation, (iv) cortactin dephosphorylation, (v) induction of actin cytoskeletal rearrangements associated with cell elongation, (vi) induction of cellular motility, and (vii) secretion of @entity3 . Interestingly, we found high but similar prevalences of all of these cagPAI-dependent host cell responses (ranging from 56 to 80%) among the various groups of @entity0 . This study revealed @entity6 proteins with unique features, @entity6 subspecies of various sizes, and new functional properties for the phenotypic outcomes. We further showed that induction of @entity9 cell motility and elongation are two independent processes. Our data corroborate epidemiological studies, which indicate a significant association of cagPAI presence and functionality with histopathological findings in @entity7 , peptic ulcer, and @entity1 @entity0 , thus emphasizing the importance of the cagPAI for the pathogenicity of @entity4 . Nevertheless, we found no significant association of the specific @entity4 -induced responses with any particular @entity0 group. This may indicate that the determination of disease development is highly complex and involves multiple bacterial and/or host factors.

title: Functional analysis of the cag pathogenicity island in @entity4 isolates from @entity0 with @entity7 , peptic ulcer, and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 is the causative agent of a variety of @entity5 , but the clinical relevance of bacterial virulence factors is still controversial. Virulent strains carrying the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) are thought to be key players in disease development. Here, we have compared cagPAI-dependent in vitro responses in @entity4 isolates obtained from 75 @entity0 with @entity7 , peptic ulcer, and @entity1 (n = 25 in each group). @entity9 gastric epithelial cells were infected with each strain and assayed for (i) @entity6 expression, (ii) translocation and @entity2 phosphorylation of @entity6 , (iii) @entity8 inactivation, (iv) cortactin dephosphorylation, (v) induction of actin cytoskeletal rearrangements associated with cell elongation, (vi) induction of cellular motility, and (vii) secretion of @entity3 . Interestingly, we found high but similar prevalences of all of these cagPAI-dependent host cell responses (ranging from 56 to 80%) among the various groups of @entity0 . This study revealed @entity6 proteins with unique features, @entity6 subspecies of various sizes, and new functional properties for the phenotypic outcomes. We further showed that induction of @entity9 cell motility and elongation are two independent processes. Our data corroborate epidemiological studies, which indicate a significant association of cagPAI presence and functionality with histopathological findings in @entity7 , peptic ulcer, and @entity1 @entity0 , thus emphasizing the importance of the cagPAI for the pathogenicity of @entity4 . Nevertheless, we found no significant association of the specific @entity4 -induced responses with any particular @entity0 group. This may indicate that the determination of disease development is highly complex and involves multiple bacterial and/or host factors.

title: Functional analysis of the cag pathogenicity island in @entity4 isolates from @entity0 with XXXX , peptic ulcer, and @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity4 is the causative agent of a variety of @entity5 , but the clinical relevance of bacterial virulence factors is still controversial. Virulent strains carrying the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI) are thought to be key players in disease development. Here, we have compared cagPAI-dependent in vitro responses in @entity4 isolates obtained from 75 @entity0 with @entity7 , peptic ulcer, and @entity1 (n = 25 in each group). @entity9 gastric epithelial cells were infected with each strain and assayed for (i) @entity6 expression, (ii) translocation and @entity2 phosphorylation of @entity6 , (iii) @entity8 inactivation, (iv) cortactin dephosphorylation, (v) induction of actin cytoskeletal rearrangements associated with cell elongation, (vi) induction of cellular motility, and (vii) secretion of @entity3 . Interestingly, we found high but similar prevalences of all of these cagPAI-dependent host cell responses (ranging from 56 to 80%) among the various groups of @entity0 . This study revealed @entity6 proteins with unique features, @entity6 subspecies of various sizes, and new functional properties for the phenotypic outcomes. We further showed that induction of @entity9 cell motility and elongation are two independent processes. Our data corroborate epidemiological studies, which indicate a significant association of cagPAI presence and functionality with histopathological findings in @entity7 , peptic ulcer, and @entity1 @entity0 , thus emphasizing the importance of the cagPAI for the pathogenicity of @entity4 . Nevertheless, we found no significant association of the specific @entity4 -induced responses with any particular @entity0 group. This may indicate that the determination of disease development is highly complex and involves multiple bacterial and/or host factors.

title: Functional analysis of the cag pathogenicity island in @entity4 isolates from XXXX with @entity7 , peptic ulcer, and @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity8 has become an important public health problem worldwide. Nowadays the diagnosis of @entity8 frequently depends on the results of semen quality or requires more invasive surgical intervention. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a novel approach for early diagnosis of @entity8 . According to the presence or absence of normal sexual function, the @entity8 is classified into two phenotypes, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The aim of this study was to investigate the GC-MS plasma profiles of @entity3 male having @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and having @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and discover the potential biomarkers. The plasma samples from @entity1 ( @entity1 ) (n=61) and @entity3 @entity0 with @entity4 (n=26) or with @entity5 (n=44) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for discrimination and screening potential biomarkers. The partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed on GC-MS dataset. The results showed that @entity1 could be discriminated from @entity3 cases having @entity5 (AUC=86.96%, sensitivity=78.69%, specificity=84.09%, accuracy=80.95%) and @entity3 cases having @entity4 (AUC=94.33%, sensitivity=80.33%, specificity=100%, accuracy=87.36%). Some potential biomarkers were successfully discovered by two commonly used variable selection methods, variable importance on projection (VIP) and original coefficients of PLS-DA (b). @entity9 and @entity10 were identified as the potential biomarkers for distinguishing @entity1 from the @entity8 @entity0 . Meanwhile, @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity2 were the found to be the important variables to distinguish between @entity0 with @entity4 from those with @entity5 . The plasma metabolomics may be developed as a novel approach for fast, noninvasive, and acceptable diagnosis and characterization of @entity8 .

title: A potential tool for diagnosis of XXXX : Plasma metabolomics based on GC-MS.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 , specially its highly leucotoxic strain ( @entity4 clone), represents an etiological factor for the onset and progression of aggressive types of @entity2 . The aims of this investigation were to investigate the most relevant periodontal pathogens in the subgingival microbiota of @entity2 @entity0 from Morocco and to describe the clinical and microbiological characteristics of subjects positive for A. actinomycetemcomitans, including serotype, leukotoxin gene, and operon of the cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) distribution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In consecutive Moroccan subjects diagnosed of @entity2 , subgingival samples were taken and processed by culture. From the positive samples for A. actinomycetemcomitans, one to three isolates were subcultured and characterized by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), assessing their specific serotype distribution, the variation in the sequences of the leukotoxin gene, and the operon of the cdt. RESULTS: Twenty-one (35.6  %) out of 59 @entity2 @entity0 @entity1 . These @entity0 demonstrated statistically significant deeper pockets (p   =   0.035) and higher proportions of P. micra (p   =   0.045) than did the negative group. The 39 studied isolates were serotype "b"; in 16 out of 17 @entity0 , there was mono-colonization with this serotype. Five isolates, from two @entity0 , presented the 530-bp deletion in the leukotoxin's promoter region. Thirty-two isolates (78  % of the strains) were cdt-positive. CONCLUSION: A. actinomycetemcomitans was frequently found (35.6  %) in our sample. All strains were serotype "b," and most (78  %) were also cdt-positive. The @entity4 strain type was only detected in 12.2  % of the strains. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: A. actinomycetemcomitans can be frequently found in Morocco. This fact can influence the therapeutic approach of this type of @entity0 .

title: Characterization of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains in subgingival samples from XXXX subjects in Morocco.

answer: @entity2


abstract: To determine if regional increases in myocardial contractility, as may occur clinically in @entity3 , @entity2 , or coronary thrombolysis, can initiate the reflex @entity1 that sometimes accompanies these conditions, regional injections of positive inotropic agents were made into 32(3)% of the left ventricular myocardium in seven pneumonectomised @entity0 on total cardiac bypass. The coronary and systemic circulations were isolated and perfused separately. The systemic circulation was perfused at a constant rate so that changes in systemic pressure reflected changes in resistance. Regional injections of doses from 0.001 to 1.0 micrograms @entity4 in a 0.1 ml volume appreciably increased regional contractility, detected visually and by strain gauge arches, whereas global contractility (left ventricular peak dP/dt) was increased much less. This caused a fall in the systemic pressure (resistance) of 14(2)% below the control value of 78(5)mm Hg, at the largest dose. The decreases in resistance were abolished by bilateral vagotomy, proving their reflex nature. The smaller (0.0001-0.01 micrograms) doses of @entity4 and the smallest (0.25 micrograms) dose of @entity5 increased regional contractility almost without increasing global contractility, indicating that the increase in regional contractility was the major cause of the reflex decrease in systemic resistance. In one animal a decrease in contractility in a control myocardial region occurred simultaneously with the experimentally produced increase in regional left ventricular contractility. This decrease may be analogous to the increase in contractility in the non-ischaemic left ventricular myocardium that occurs simultaneously with the decrease in contractility in the ischaemic region in clinical or experimental @entity2 . Left ventricular mechanoreceptors in the region with increased contractility probably initiate the reflex @entity1 that sometimes occurs in both circumstances. Thus in @entity3 or acute @entity2 the reflex @entity1 probably originates in the hyperactive non-ischaemic myocardial region, whereas in coronary arterial thrombolysis it probably originates in the newly reperfused, formerly ischaemic, region.

title: Reflex @entity1 due to regional activation of left ventricular mechanoreceptors to explain the XXXX noted in clinical myocardial ischaemia or reperfusion.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To determine if regional increases in myocardial contractility, as may occur clinically in @entity3 , @entity2 , or coronary thrombolysis, can initiate the reflex @entity1 that sometimes accompanies these conditions, regional injections of positive inotropic agents were made into 32(3)% of the left ventricular myocardium in seven pneumonectomised @entity0 on total cardiac bypass. The coronary and systemic circulations were isolated and perfused separately. The systemic circulation was perfused at a constant rate so that changes in systemic pressure reflected changes in resistance. Regional injections of doses from 0.001 to 1.0 micrograms @entity4 in a 0.1 ml volume appreciably increased regional contractility, detected visually and by strain gauge arches, whereas global contractility (left ventricular peak dP/dt) was increased much less. This caused a fall in the systemic pressure (resistance) of 14(2)% below the control value of 78(5)mm Hg, at the largest dose. The decreases in resistance were abolished by bilateral vagotomy, proving their reflex nature. The smaller (0.0001-0.01 micrograms) doses of @entity4 and the smallest (0.25 micrograms) dose of @entity5 increased regional contractility almost without increasing global contractility, indicating that the increase in regional contractility was the major cause of the reflex decrease in systemic resistance. In one animal a decrease in contractility in a control myocardial region occurred simultaneously with the experimentally produced increase in regional left ventricular contractility. This decrease may be analogous to the increase in contractility in the non-ischaemic left ventricular myocardium that occurs simultaneously with the decrease in contractility in the ischaemic region in clinical or experimental @entity2 . Left ventricular mechanoreceptors in the region with increased contractility probably initiate the reflex @entity1 that sometimes occurs in both circumstances. Thus in @entity3 or acute @entity2 the reflex @entity1 probably originates in the hyperactive non-ischaemic myocardial region, whereas in coronary arterial thrombolysis it probably originates in the newly reperfused, formerly ischaemic, region.

title: Reflex XXXX due to regional activation of left ventricular mechanoreceptors to explain the @entity1 noted in clinical myocardial ischaemia or reperfusion.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity10 S-95, which displayed an unusually high degree of resistance to @entity3 , including @entity11 and @entity5 , was isolated in 2002 from a @entity0 in Japan. The resistance was mediated by a large plasmid which was nonconjugative but transferable to an @entity1 recipient by transformation. The gene responsible for the @entity8 resistance was cloned and sequenced. The deduced @entity2 sequence of the resistance gene shared 82% identity with RmtA, which was recently identified as 16S rRNA methylase conferring high-level @entity8 resistance in @entity4 . @entity7 -tagged recombinant protein showed methylation activity against @entity1 16S rRNA. The novel @entity8 resistance gene was therefore designated rmtB. The genetic environment of rmtB was further investigated. The sequence immediately upstream of rmtB contained the right end of transposon Tn3, including bla(TEM), while an open reading frame possibly encoding a transposase was identified downstream of the gene. This is the first report describing 16S rRNA methylase production in @entity10 . The @entity8 resistance mechanism mediated by production of 16S rRNA methylase and subsequent ribosomal protection used to be confined to @entity8 -producing actinomycetes. However, it is now identified among pathogenic bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae and @entity4 in Japan. This is a cause for concern since other treatment options are often limited in @entity0 requiring highly potent @entity3 such as @entity9 and @entity6 .

title: Plasmid-mediated 16S rRNA methylase in XXXX conferring high-level resistance to @entity3 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity10 S-95, which displayed an unusually high degree of resistance to @entity3 , including @entity11 and @entity5 , was isolated in 2002 from a @entity0 in Japan. The resistance was mediated by a large plasmid which was nonconjugative but transferable to an @entity1 recipient by transformation. The gene responsible for the @entity8 resistance was cloned and sequenced. The deduced @entity2 sequence of the resistance gene shared 82% identity with RmtA, which was recently identified as 16S rRNA methylase conferring high-level @entity8 resistance in @entity4 . @entity7 -tagged recombinant protein showed methylation activity against @entity1 16S rRNA. The novel @entity8 resistance gene was therefore designated rmtB. The genetic environment of rmtB was further investigated. The sequence immediately upstream of rmtB contained the right end of transposon Tn3, including bla(TEM), while an open reading frame possibly encoding a transposase was identified downstream of the gene. This is the first report describing 16S rRNA methylase production in @entity10 . The @entity8 resistance mechanism mediated by production of 16S rRNA methylase and subsequent ribosomal protection used to be confined to @entity8 -producing actinomycetes. However, it is now identified among pathogenic bacteria, including Enterobacteriaceae and @entity4 in Japan. This is a cause for concern since other treatment options are often limited in @entity0 requiring highly potent @entity3 such as @entity9 and @entity6 .

title: Plasmid-mediated 16S rRNA methylase in @entity10 conferring high-level resistance to XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine @entity0 ' perceptions of provider-based counseling and behavior changes made by @entity4 survivors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Endometrial @entity1 survivors (diagnosed from 2011 to 2012) from a single institution were surveyed. Exclusion criteria included persistent or recurrent disease or those actively undergoing treatment. Information collected included demographics, weight assessments, health behaviors, and physician counseling. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, Fisher exact test, McNemar test, and the k statistic as a measure of agreement. RESULTS: Of 233 surveys sent, 46% were returned. Median body mass index was 29.8 kg/m (range, 17.1-64.8 kg/m). Comparing primary care providers with gynecologic oncologists (GOs), 47% (n = 46) versus 25% (n = 23) provided dietary counseling and 62% (n = 60) versus 37% (n = 34) provided physical activity counseling (Fisher exact test, P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Only 29% (n = 30) reported being told of the link between @entity4 and @entity2 . Fifty-two percent of responders attempted @entity3 after their diagnosis. Fifty-nine percent of responders reported making changes in their diet. Fifty-six percent of @entity0 made dietary changes within 3 months of diagnosis. Forty-eight percent of responders increased physical activity, with 62% implementing changes within 3 to 6 months of their diagnosis. The responders most likely to attempt @entity3 were those who received counseling by a provider. All @entity0 reporting attempted @entity3 after their @entity1 diagnosis report being counseled by either a primary care provider or a GO to lose weight. Weight loss counseling was significantly associated with attempting @entity3 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: One third of @entity4 survivors report counseling by their GO to lose weight. One half of @entity4 survivors reported attempted @entity3 . All @entity0 reporting @entity3 counseling from their oncologist reported attempted @entity3 . Most behavioral change occurred 3 to 6 months after a @entity1 diagnosis. Obesity in @entity4 survivors is not adequately addressed and represents a critical area for improvement.

title: XXXX Survivors' Perceptions of Provider Obesity Counseling and Attempted Behavior Change: Are We Seizing the Moment?

answer: @entity4


abstract: Small-dose endotoxin (Etx) prevents pulmonary perfusion redistribution away from @entity2 after @entity7 (OA)-induced injury in @entity1 , causing a significant deterioration in oxygenation. We hypothesized that small-dose Etx might mediate this effect via polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) priming with release of inflammatory mediators such as platelet activating factor (PAF) or secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)). To test this hypothesis, we administered specific inhibitors directed against each mediator and used two strategies to generate @entity4 . PAF and sPLA(2) inhibitors were administered before OA injury, followed 2 h later by small-dose Etx (n = 4 each group). PMN depletion was achieved by @entity6 administration for 5 days before the study to achieve absolute neutrophil counts <1000/mm(3) (n = 4). Inhibition of PMN adherence to lung endothelium was achieved by the administration of an anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody immediately before @entity3 (n = 5). Positron emission tomography was used to evaluate pulmonary perfusion distribution and lung water content. We observed no effect of these interventions on the perfusion pattern after Etx + OA. Thus, neither neutrophils nor @entity8 or sPLA(2) mediate the effects of Etx on the pattern of perfusion in this model of @entity3 . IMPLICATIONS: Acute @entity5 is characterized by severe decreases in blood @entity0 . The pattern of blood flow within the lungs can contribute to this problem. This study investigated the potential role of white blood cells and their products in mediating abnormal pulmonary blood flow patterns in an experimental animal model of @entity5 .

title: Neutrophils and neutrophil products do not mediate pulmonary hemodynamic effects of endotoxin on @entity7 -induced XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Small-dose endotoxin (Etx) prevents pulmonary perfusion redistribution away from @entity2 after @entity7 (OA)-induced injury in @entity1 , causing a significant deterioration in oxygenation. We hypothesized that small-dose Etx might mediate this effect via polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) priming with release of inflammatory mediators such as platelet activating factor (PAF) or secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)). To test this hypothesis, we administered specific inhibitors directed against each mediator and used two strategies to generate @entity4 . PAF and sPLA(2) inhibitors were administered before OA injury, followed 2 h later by small-dose Etx (n = 4 each group). PMN depletion was achieved by @entity6 administration for 5 days before the study to achieve absolute neutrophil counts <1000/mm(3) (n = 4). Inhibition of PMN adherence to lung endothelium was achieved by the administration of an anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody immediately before @entity3 (n = 5). Positron emission tomography was used to evaluate pulmonary perfusion distribution and lung water content. We observed no effect of these interventions on the perfusion pattern after Etx + OA. Thus, neither neutrophils nor @entity8 or sPLA(2) mediate the effects of Etx on the pattern of perfusion in this model of @entity3 . IMPLICATIONS: Acute @entity5 is characterized by severe decreases in blood @entity0 . The pattern of blood flow within the lungs can contribute to this problem. This study investigated the potential role of white blood cells and their products in mediating abnormal pulmonary blood flow patterns in an experimental animal model of @entity5 .

title: Neutrophils and neutrophil products do not mediate pulmonary hemodynamic effects of endotoxin on XXXX -induced @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: A 36-yr old, ASA physical status I @entity0 scheduled for hip arthroplasty under regional anesthesia received at the end of surgery an i.v. injection of approximately 200 mL of a 0.15% @entity4 solution (300 mg = 4.6 mg/kg) in approximately 5 min. The bag prepared for postoperative epidural infusion was accidentally connected to a peripheral i.v. line. The @entity0 developed grand mal @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity5 . No @entity3 were observed. Twenty minutes after the event, the arterial plasma concentration of @entity4 was 3.10 microg/mL. Using a pharmacokinetic model, the peak plasma concentration at the time of the accidental administration was estimated at 17.04 microg/mL. The @entity0 recovered uneventfully. IMPLICATIONS: An accidental i.v. injection of approximately 300 mg of @entity4 was followed by @entity1 without any @entity3 . The @entity0 recovered uneventfully.

title: Grand mal XXXX after an accidental intravenous injection of @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 36-yr old, ASA physical status I @entity0 scheduled for hip arthroplasty under regional anesthesia received at the end of surgery an i.v. injection of approximately 200 mL of a 0.15% @entity4 solution (300 mg = 4.6 mg/kg) in approximately 5 min. The bag prepared for postoperative epidural infusion was accidentally connected to a peripheral i.v. line. The @entity0 developed grand mal @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity5 . No @entity3 were observed. Twenty minutes after the event, the arterial plasma concentration of @entity4 was 3.10 microg/mL. Using a pharmacokinetic model, the peak plasma concentration at the time of the accidental administration was estimated at 17.04 microg/mL. The @entity0 recovered uneventfully. IMPLICATIONS: An accidental i.v. injection of approximately 300 mg of @entity4 was followed by @entity1 without any @entity3 . The @entity0 recovered uneventfully.

title: Grand mal @entity1 after an accidental intravenous injection of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The ability to adapt to adverse environmental conditions encountered in food and during host @entity3 is a sine qua non for a successful @entity5 @entity3 . This ability is likely to depend on complex regulatory pathways controlled by a number of key regulators. We utilized the pORI19 plasmid integration system to analyze the role of six putative regulatory loci in growth under suboptimal environmental conditions and during @entity0 @entity3 . Disruption of loci encoding a topoisomerase III (lmo2756), a putative methyltransferase (lmo0581), and a regulator of the MarR family (lmo1618) revealed roles for the methyltransferase and the MarR regulator in growth under environmental stress conditions. However, plasmid integration into these loci had no impact on virulence potential in the @entity0 model of @entity3 . Disruption of the alternative sigma factor Sigma-H resulted in a mutant that demonstrated reduced growth potential in minimal medium. @entity0 studies indicated a minor role for this sigma factor in the infectious process. Strikingly, disruption of both perR and fur loci resulted in mutants that are significantly affected in virulence for @entity0 , with the fur mutant demonstrating the greatest reduction in virulence potential. Both perR and fur mutants demonstrated increased resistance to @entity2 and the fur mutant was sensitive to low- @entity1 conditions. The virulence defect of both fur and perR mutants could be rescued by @entity1 -overload after @entity4 treatment of @entity0 , suggesting that the in vivo role of these gene products is to procure @entity1 for bacterial growth.

title: Disruption of putative regulatory loci in XXXX demonstrates a significant role for Fur and PerR in virulence.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) manifest @entity4 despite the @entity6 and sweat glands associated with this @entity7 . We assessed peripheral sudomotor nerve fibre and sweat gland function to determine if this symptom was due to peripheral denervation @entity2 . METHODS: In 14 @entity8 @entity0 and 11 healthy controls, direct and axon reflex mediated sweat responses were determined by measuring transepidermal water loss (TEWL) after application of @entity3 via a microdialysis membrane, a novel method to evaluate sudomotor function in @entity1 @entity0 . Results were compared with data from conventional quantitative sudomotor axon reflex testing (QSART). Using microdialysis, interstitial fluid was analysed for plasma proteins to evaluate @entity5 induced by @entity3 as an additional parameter of C-fibre function. RESULTS: Although reduced axon reflex sweating was expected in @entity8 @entity0 , neither direct or axon reflex mediated sweat responses, nor @entity3 induced @entity5 differed between control and @entity0 groups. However, the baseline resting sweat rate was higher in @entity8 @entity0 than controls (p<0.05). TEWL and QSART test results correlated (r = 0.64, p = 0.01), proving the reliability of TEWL methodology in evaluating sudomotor function. CONCLUSION: The finding of normal direct and axon reflex mediated sweat output in @entity8 @entity0 supports our hypothesis that, in a disorder with severe sympathetic nerve fibre @entity6 , but not the sweat gland itself, exhibit @entity2 . This might explain excessive @entity4 in situations with increased central sympathetic outflow.

title: Sudomotor function in XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has been shown to reduce @entity2 and improve function. In addition, it is suggested that @entity4 improves sleep and alleviates symptoms of @entity1 and @entity3 . @entity0 with @entity5 are frequent users of analgesic and psychotropic drugs and thereby risk adverse drug events. The impact of @entity4 on such drug use has not been thoroughly investigated. Based on merged data from the Norwegian Prescription Database and the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register, this study sought to investigate redeemed medications in a complete population (N = 39,688) undergoing @entity4 in 2005 to 2011. User rates and redeemed drug volume of analgesics (nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), opioids, and nonopioids) and psychotropics (hypnotics, anxiolytics, and antidepressants) were calculated for 4 quarters before and 4 quarters after surgery. We analysed preoperative prescription trends (Q1 vs Q4), postoperative prescription (Q4 vs Q5), and long-term effect of surgery (Q4 vs Q8). Before surgery, use of all drug groups increased from Q1 to Q4. Use of opioids, nonopioids, and hypnotics dramatically increased from Q4 to Q5. Long-term (Q4 vs Q8) surgery reduced prescriptions of analgesics, hypnotics, and anxiolytics, but not antidepressants. Overall, the present results extend the positive effects of @entity4 to include reduced reliance on medication to alleviate symptoms.

title: Prescription trajectories and effect of total hip arthroplasty on the use of analgesics, hypnotics, antidepressants, and anxiolytics: results from a population of total hip arthroplasty XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 views are especially important in @entity0 education, as @entity0 involvement is essential. However, no empirical research clarifies what knowledge, skills and competencies are needed for health professionals to competently serve as a good educator according to the @entity0 themselves. AIM: To explore what qualities @entity0 with @entity1 perceive in a good educator. METHODS: A qualitative research method, with semi-structured individual interviews, was used in this study. Purposeful sampling was used to recruit @entity0 from a general hospital in Iceland and in Norway. The data were analysed using systematic text condensation. RESULTS: The @entity0 included 17 @entity0 who had been through a percutaneous coronary intervention and participated in formal @entity0 education after discharge from hospital. The @entity0 saw a good educator as one who they feel is trustworthy and who individualizes the education to @entity0 ' needs and context and translates general information to their personal situation in lay language. Building trust was dependent on the @entity0 ' perceiving the educator to be knowledgeable and good at connecting with the individual @entity0 , so that the @entity0 feel they are being treated as a whole @entity0 with equality and respect. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity0 perceived the capability of building trust and tailoring the education to the individual as the most prominent characteristics of a good educator. Training skills that facilitate @entity0 ' trust, being observant of the @entity0 and his learning needs and adjusting the @entity0 education to individual needs and situations should be key objectives in health professionals' training in @entity0 education.

title: What is a good educator? A qualitative study on the perspective of individuals with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: In @entity0 and in other @entity0 entities, @entity2 -associated antigens are present. These antigens contribute to @entity0 progression and poor prognosis, and reduce the cytotoxicity of antineoplastic drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic potential of these antigens in combination with oral brush biopsies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We analyzed 72 oral brush biopsy specimens for @entity2 -associated antigens A (MAGE-A) expression by immunocytologic staining with the MAGE-A 57B antibody. A total of 24 healthy specimens, 15 lichen ruber cases, 18 @entity4 cases, and 15 invasive @entity1 were studied. Incisional biopsy served as the gold standard. RESULTS: In total, 66 of 72 specimens (91.6%) could be assessed. Twelve of 15 (80%) @entity1 stained positive for MAGE-A. MAGE-A staining was detected in four of 51 nonmalignant specimens, resulting in a false-positive rate of 7.8%. However, MAGE-A  positive staining was significantly correlated with @entity3 (p  <  0.0005). Sensitivity and specificity for MAGE-A staining and @entity1 were 80% and 92.2%, respectively. The diagnostic accuracy was 89.4%. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that oral brush biopsy with MAGE-A staining serves as an additional tool for use in @entity0 diagnosis. These findings might help to facilitate an easier and more representative surveillance of the mucosa, particularly for large areas of altered mucosa.

title: Oral brush biopsy and XXXX -associated antigens A (MAGE-A) staining in clinically suspicious lesions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: To examine nurse-physician inter-observer agreement on triage categorization and analyze their differences for future reference. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was performed. @entity0 entering a 3500-bed medical center @entity1 ( @entity1 ) from July 1 to 31, 1998 were randomly selected. We compared triage assignments made by nurses and 2 @entity1 physicians, and examined them for inter-observer agreement (kappa-statistic) within each illness category. RESULTS: We found that the overall nurse-physician agreement on triage categorization had a kappa-value of 0.32 (99% confidence interval, 0.27-0.37). The level of inter-observer agreement was not consistent across all illness categories. Agreement was better when assigning critical @entity0 , but it was poor when assigning non-emergency @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The overall nurse-physician agreement with triage categorization was poor. The lack of agreement on triage decision making has important implications for EDs in which the priority of care is based on nursing triage categorization. Detailed chart recording and continued work is necessary to improve the agreement between nurse-physician triage categorization.

title: Evaluation of nurse-physician inter-observer agreement on triage categorization in the XXXX of a Taiwan medical center.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 -antitrypsin is a glycoprotein that functions as the major protease inhibitor in human serum. Many genetic variants of @entity7 -antitrypsin can be detected by electrophoretic techniques. We used isoelectric focusing on ultrathin gels to determine the common M subtypes as well as other variants of @entity7 -antitrypsin in 62 white @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 51 white @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). We found no increased prevalence of variant phenotypes in either disease group as a whole. In @entity2 , however, the association between @entity6 and @entity7 -antitrypsin variants was striking. Interstitial @entity1 was seen on chest roentgenogram in only 1 of 30 subjects apparently homozygous for M1 (the "wild type" or "normal" phenotype), compared with 13 of 32 @entity0 with variant phenotypes. Seven of 15 @entity0 with M1M2 (the most common variant phenotype) had @entity6 . In contrast, there was no apparent association of variant phenotypes with @entity3 in @entity5 . Our findings suggest a possible role of @entity7 -antitrypsin in the pathogenesis of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 . The absence of such an association in @entity5 suggests that @entity3 in these 2 @entity4 may have different pathogeneses.

title: XXXX -antitrypsin phenotypes, including M subtypes, in @entity3 associated with @entity2 and @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 -antitrypsin is a glycoprotein that functions as the major protease inhibitor in human serum. Many genetic variants of @entity7 -antitrypsin can be detected by electrophoretic techniques. We used isoelectric focusing on ultrathin gels to determine the common M subtypes as well as other variants of @entity7 -antitrypsin in 62 white @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 51 white @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). We found no increased prevalence of variant phenotypes in either disease group as a whole. In @entity2 , however, the association between @entity6 and @entity7 -antitrypsin variants was striking. Interstitial @entity1 was seen on chest roentgenogram in only 1 of 30 subjects apparently homozygous for M1 (the "wild type" or "normal" phenotype), compared with 13 of 32 @entity0 with variant phenotypes. Seven of 15 @entity0 with M1M2 (the most common variant phenotype) had @entity6 . In contrast, there was no apparent association of variant phenotypes with @entity3 in @entity5 . Our findings suggest a possible role of @entity7 -antitrypsin in the pathogenesis of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 . The absence of such an association in @entity5 suggests that @entity3 in these 2 @entity4 may have different pathogeneses.

title: @entity7 -antitrypsin phenotypes, including M subtypes, in XXXX associated with @entity2 and @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity7 -antitrypsin is a glycoprotein that functions as the major protease inhibitor in human serum. Many genetic variants of @entity7 -antitrypsin can be detected by electrophoretic techniques. We used isoelectric focusing on ultrathin gels to determine the common M subtypes as well as other variants of @entity7 -antitrypsin in 62 white @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 51 white @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). We found no increased prevalence of variant phenotypes in either disease group as a whole. In @entity2 , however, the association between @entity6 and @entity7 -antitrypsin variants was striking. Interstitial @entity1 was seen on chest roentgenogram in only 1 of 30 subjects apparently homozygous for M1 (the "wild type" or "normal" phenotype), compared with 13 of 32 @entity0 with variant phenotypes. Seven of 15 @entity0 with M1M2 (the most common variant phenotype) had @entity6 . In contrast, there was no apparent association of variant phenotypes with @entity3 in @entity5 . Our findings suggest a possible role of @entity7 -antitrypsin in the pathogenesis of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 . The absence of such an association in @entity5 suggests that @entity3 in these 2 @entity4 may have different pathogeneses.

title: @entity7 -antitrypsin phenotypes, including M subtypes, in @entity3 associated with XXXX and @entity5 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity7 -antitrypsin is a glycoprotein that functions as the major protease inhibitor in human serum. Many genetic variants of @entity7 -antitrypsin can be detected by electrophoretic techniques. We used isoelectric focusing on ultrathin gels to determine the common M subtypes as well as other variants of @entity7 -antitrypsin in 62 white @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 51 white @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). We found no increased prevalence of variant phenotypes in either disease group as a whole. In @entity2 , however, the association between @entity6 and @entity7 -antitrypsin variants was striking. Interstitial @entity1 was seen on chest roentgenogram in only 1 of 30 subjects apparently homozygous for M1 (the "wild type" or "normal" phenotype), compared with 13 of 32 @entity0 with variant phenotypes. Seven of 15 @entity0 with M1M2 (the most common variant phenotype) had @entity6 . In contrast, there was no apparent association of variant phenotypes with @entity3 in @entity5 . Our findings suggest a possible role of @entity7 -antitrypsin in the pathogenesis of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 . The absence of such an association in @entity5 suggests that @entity3 in these 2 @entity4 may have different pathogeneses.

title: @entity7 -antitrypsin phenotypes, including M subtypes, in @entity3 associated with @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 is a rare but important complication of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and has previously been reported in the ipsilateral arm and associated with @entity5 . The results of 7004 primary hip arthroplasties performed between January 1993 and February 2009 were retrospectively reviewed to identify @entity0 who reported @entity2 , with ten @entity0 identified at mean follow-up of 57 months (range   =   3-195 months). Eight @entity0 experienced unilateral ulnar nerve symptoms in the contralateral upper limb post-surgery, one @entity0 experienced symptoms in the ipsilateral upper limb and one @entity0 experienced symptoms in both upper limbs. The incidence of @entity2 was 0.14%. All @entity0 had a pre-operative diagnosis of @entity3 and none had @entity1 , a previous history of @entity2 or @entity5 . All operations were primary arthroplasties and were performed under the care of a single surgeon in a single centre. Two of the ten @entity0 (20%) had a general anaesthetic. The pattern of symptoms reported, i.e. mainly unilateral affecting the contralateral side with variable resolution, contrasts with previous studies and suggests that intraoperative @entity0 positioning may be an important factor influencing @entity2 following @entity4 . Attention to support and positioning of the contralateral arm may help reduce the incidence of this complication.

title: XXXX following total hip replacement and intraoperative positioning.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the @entity1 heart, acute @entity3 exposure followed by washout before @entity0 exerts a preconditioninglike effect. However, if @entity2 is still present during @entity0 , all preconditioning-related cardioprotection is abolished. The present follow-up study investigated the dose-response relationships of both the beneficial and detrimental effects of acute @entity3 exposure. In the isolated @entity1 heart either 2.5-, 5-, 10-, 20-, or 50-mmol/L @entity3 was given as a 5-minute pulse followed by washout before 30 minutes of regional @entity0 and 2 hours of reperfusion. Isolated @entity1 hearts were also preconditioned with 5 minutes of global @entity0 followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion (PC) before onset of 30 minutes of regional @entity0 . This latter protocol was combined with a 35-minute infusion of @entity3 at concentrations of either 5, 10, 20, or 50 mmol/L, starting 5 minutes before the onset of the 30-minute period of @entity0 . @entity4 size was determined with @entity5 staining. No protection was seen with a 5-minute infusion of 2.5-mmol/L @entity3 (29.9 +/- 1.6% of risk zone infarcted), and minimal protection was evident with the 5-mmol/L dose (25.4 +/- 3.4% @entity4 ). In all other groups @entity4 size was significantly reduced (17.9 +/- 3.2, 18.4 +/- 3.5, and 16.8 +/- 3.4%, respectively, versus 33.0 +/- 3.0% in control group, P < 0.05). In the presence of 10-, 20-, or 50-mmol/L @entity3 , @entity4 size following PC was not different from control (24.3 +/- 2.5, 28.4 +/- 4.3, and 39.0 +/- 4.0%, respectively, versus 28.5 +/- 2.5%). Thus the presence of @entity2 during @entity0 inhibited protection induced by preceding preconditioning @entity0 . Only in the PC group exposed to 5-mmol/L @entity3 was @entity4 size significantly smaller than in the control group (6.4 +/- 2.5%, P < 0.005). Thus both protective and antiprotective effects of @entity2 were dose dependent with similarly low threshold doses in in vitro @entity1 hearts. Since it might be impossible to find a dose of @entity3 that would be protective if administered shortly before @entity0 , @entity3 should be removed before that @entity0 to protect myocardium.

title: Dose-response relationships of the protective and antiprotective effects of acute @entity3 exposure in isolated XXXX hearts.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In the @entity1 heart, acute @entity3 exposure followed by washout before @entity0 exerts a preconditioninglike effect. However, if @entity2 is still present during @entity0 , all preconditioning-related cardioprotection is abolished. The present follow-up study investigated the dose-response relationships of both the beneficial and detrimental effects of acute @entity3 exposure. In the isolated @entity1 heart either 2.5-, 5-, 10-, 20-, or 50-mmol/L @entity3 was given as a 5-minute pulse followed by washout before 30 minutes of regional @entity0 and 2 hours of reperfusion. Isolated @entity1 hearts were also preconditioned with 5 minutes of global @entity0 followed by 10 minutes of reperfusion (PC) before onset of 30 minutes of regional @entity0 . This latter protocol was combined with a 35-minute infusion of @entity3 at concentrations of either 5, 10, 20, or 50 mmol/L, starting 5 minutes before the onset of the 30-minute period of @entity0 . @entity4 size was determined with @entity5 staining. No protection was seen with a 5-minute infusion of 2.5-mmol/L @entity3 (29.9 +/- 1.6% of risk zone infarcted), and minimal protection was evident with the 5-mmol/L dose (25.4 +/- 3.4% @entity4 ). In all other groups @entity4 size was significantly reduced (17.9 +/- 3.2, 18.4 +/- 3.5, and 16.8 +/- 3.4%, respectively, versus 33.0 +/- 3.0% in control group, P < 0.05). In the presence of 10-, 20-, or 50-mmol/L @entity3 , @entity4 size following PC was not different from control (24.3 +/- 2.5, 28.4 +/- 4.3, and 39.0 +/- 4.0%, respectively, versus 28.5 +/- 2.5%). Thus the presence of @entity2 during @entity0 inhibited protection induced by preceding preconditioning @entity0 . Only in the PC group exposed to 5-mmol/L @entity3 was @entity4 size significantly smaller than in the control group (6.4 +/- 2.5%, P < 0.005). Thus both protective and antiprotective effects of @entity2 were dose dependent with similarly low threshold doses in in vitro @entity1 hearts. Since it might be impossible to find a dose of @entity3 that would be protective if administered shortly before @entity0 , @entity3 should be removed before that @entity0 to protect myocardium.

title: Dose-response relationships of the protective and antiprotective effects of acute XXXX exposure in isolated @entity1 hearts.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Three to 6  months after an @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity1 is observed in more than 30  % of the @entity0 , mainly in executive functioning. The aim of this study was to investigate, using multimodal MRI, cerebral anatomo-functional substratum of @entity2 . Thirty-three @entity0 were recruited 4      1  months after a first @entity3 . Executive functions were evaluated with the Trail-Making-Test-B (TMTB) at baseline (ie 4      1  months after @entity3 ) and 6  months later (ie 10      1  months after @entity3 ). Using both time-points, we identified 3 groups of @entity0 according to normative data based on age, gender and education level: 15 'cognitively normal' @entity0 without impairment at each follow-up, 10 'transient @entity1 ' @entity0 with an impairment only at baseline and 8 'impairing' @entity0 with an impairment only at follow-up. We explored, in the whole-brain, the structural integrity using Voxel-Based Morphometry and Tract-Based Spatial Statistics and the resting-state functional connectivity using Network-Based Statistics. No structural difference was observed between @entity1 and cognitively normal @entity0 . At the functional level, compared to the 'cognitively normal' group, the 'transient @entity1 ' @entity0 presented an increased functional connectivity in a network centered on middle-orbito-frontal regions, whereas the 'impairing' @entity0 presented only a non-significant decrease of functional connectivity. @entity2 in @entity3 @entity0 is associated to functional but no structural characteristics, particularly to an increased functional connectivity in cognitive networks in transient @entity1 @entity0 . Further studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm these results and to determine if these @entity0 could be at higher risk for developing permanent @entity1 .

title: Cerebral changes and XXXX after an ischemic heart disease: a multimodal MRI study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 in @entity0 with the @entity2 / @entity2 and gld/gld genotypes is accompanied by profound lymphadenopathy characterized by the presence of a massive expansion of an unusual T cell subset. The abnormal lymph node T cells were found to express @entity6 and @entity5 transcripts of expected sizes. There was a 10-fold increase in the 1.3-kb @entity6 transcript and a twofold increase in @entity5 gene expression, even though @entity3 expression was in general similar to controls. A study of T cell receptor expression during ontogeny failed to reveal any striking differences between @entity2 / @entity2 and congenic @entity0 . There was a strong correlation between @entity6 expression and @entity7 expression; however, there was no necessary association of @entity6 and @entity7 expression when various T cell lines were examined. Background genes were found to influence the expression of T cell receptor genes in @entity2 / @entity2 @entity0 . AKR- @entity2 / @entity2 lymph node cells, but not cells from other @entity2 / @entity2 @entity0 or AKR +/+ @entity0 , had the predominance of the 1.0-kb @entity6 transcript, which represents the nonfunctional D-J @entity6 rearrangements. Lymph nodes from MRL- @entity2 / @entity2 @entity0 , but not @entity2 or AKR- @entity2 / @entity2 @entity0 , were found to express small amounts of the @entity4 gamma transcript. In addition, MRL- @entity2 / @entity2 but not C57BL/6- @entity2 / @entity2 @entity0 had an age-related decrease in thymic @entity6 expression along with a decrease in thymic @entity7 expression. The current study extends the characterization of T cell gene expression abnormalities in peripheral T cells of gld/gld and @entity2 / @entity2 and describes certain similarities of these cells to immature thymocytes at a molecular level. Furthermore, it illustrates the complex interactions between "background genes" and genes responsible for lymphoproliferation, which in concert lead to specific molecular and cellular abnormalities.

title: T cell receptor gene expression in autoimmune XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Intravesical transurethral bladder stimulation is a rehabilitative and diagnostic technique for the @entity1 . The goal of therapy is 3-fold: 1) to achieve the sensation of bladder filling or the urge to void, 2) to initiate a detrusor contraction and 3) to achieve conscious urinary control. The procedure combines direct electrical stimulation of bladder receptors with visual biofeedback using @entity0 observance of a water manometric representation of the detrusor response. Since November 1984 we have evaluated and/or treated 24 @entity0 with a @entity1 . An electrocatheter is passed transurethrally into the bladder and the bladder is filled to a third of its capacity with normal saline. We then deliver 2 to 6 mA. every 3 seconds for 90 minutes. Full treatment usually requires 30 to 90 sessions. Of the 24 @entity0 13 had only 1 evaluation and 10 had 3 to 39 sessions. Of those 10 @entity0 7 had significant detrusor activity that had not been present before treatment and 4 have a sensation to void. The remaining @entity0 underwent 110 sessions. He has controlled detrusor contractions resulting in a normal voiding pattern. It appears that intravesical transurethral bladder stimulation may be helpful diagnostically to determine the stimulus response of bladder function and therapeutically to rehabilitate the @entity1 toward full control.

title: Intravesical transurethral electrotherapy for the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is an @entity3 characterized by @entity2 , @entity1 , and various degrees of @entity5 . Carriers of mutated @entity6 have nonrandom X chromosome inactivation in their blood cells and are disease-free. We report data on a 14-month-old @entity0 with a history of @entity7 in her family who presented with @entity2 , small platelets, and @entity4 . Sequencing of the @entity6 gene showed that the @entity0 was heterozygous for the splice site mutation previously found in one of her relatives with @entity7 . Sequencing of all @entity6 exons revealed no other mutation. Levels of @entity6 in blood mononuclear cells were 60% of normal. Flow cytometry after intracellular staining of peripheral blood mononuclear cells with @entity6 monoclonal antibody revealed both @entity6 (bright) and @entity6 (dim) populations. X chromosome inactivation in the @entity0 's blood cells was found to be random, demonstrating that both maternal and paternal active X chromosomes are present. These findings indicate that the female @entity0 has a defect in the mechanisms that lead in disease-free @entity7 carriers to preferential survival/proliferation of cells bearing the active wild-type X chromosome. Whereas the @entity0 's lymphocytes are skewed toward @entity6 (bright) cells, about 65% of her monocytes and the majority of her B cells (CD19(+)) are @entity6 (dim). Her naive T cells (CD3(+)CD45RA(+)) include @entity6 (bright) and @entity6 (dim) populations, but her memory T cells (CD3(+)CD45RA(-)) are all @entity6 (bright). After activation in vitro of T cells, all cells exhibited CD3(+)CD45RA(-) phenotype and most were @entity6 (bright) with active paternal (wild-type) X chromosome, suggesting selection against the mutated @entity6 allele during terminal T-cell maturation/differentiation.

title: XXXX in a female.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Quadrigeminal cistern @entity1 (QACs) are difficult to treat because of their deep location and the presence of nervous and vascular structures of the pineal-quadrigeminal region. There are several surgical procedures available for QACs, including craniotomy and cyst excision or fenestration, ventriculoperitoneal or cystoperitoneal shunting, and endoscopic fenestration. There is a debate about which method is the best. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of endoscopic ventriculocystostomy (VC) and third ventriculostomy (ETV) for treatment of @entity1 of the quadrigeminal cistern. METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity0 with QACs who had undergone endoscopic treatment in our department between August 2007 and June 2014 were studied retrospectively. @entity0 age at the time of endoscopic treatment ranged from 5  months to 42  years, including 25 @entity0 (14 males and 11 females) and 3 adults (one male and two females). All @entity0 presented with @entity5 and did not undergo shunting prior to neuroendoscopic surgery. The first endoscopic procedures included lateral ventricle cystostomy (LVC) together with ETV in 18 cases, third ventricle cystostomy (3rd VC) together with ETV in 3 cases, and double VC (3rd VC and LVC) together with ETV in 7 cases. Data were obtained on clinical and neuroradiological presentation, indications to treat, surgical technique, complications, and the results of clinical and neuroradiological follow-up. RESULTS: Complete success was achieved in 25 (89.3  %) of 28 cases. During the follow-up period, one case underwent endoscopic reoperation with success. Shunts were implanted in 2 @entity0 due to progression of symptoms and increase in @entity5 after the first endoscopic operation. Shunt independency was achieved in 26 (92.9  %) of 28 cases. The cyst was reduced in size in 22 cases (78.6  %). Postoperative images showed a reduction in the size of the ventricles in 23 cases (82.1  %). There was no surgical mortality. Subdural collection developed in 4 cases (14.3  %) and required a transient subduroperitoneal shunt in 2 cases, whereas the other 2 @entity0 were asymptomatic and did not require any surgical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: VC together with ETV through precoronal approach is an effective treatment for symptomatic QACs and should be the initial surgical procedure. The surgical indications should include signs of @entity4 (including increased head circumference), @entity6 , @entity8 , and @entity3 . Also, surgery is indicated by progressive enlargement of the cyst and young @entity0 with large cysts even if the @entity0 are asymptomatic. Contraindications to surgery include the @entity7 (older @entity0 and adult) and isolated @entity2 . The main criterion for successful surgery should be improvement of clinical symptoms instead of reduced cyst volume and/or ventricular size. Repeated endoscopic procedures may be considered only for the @entity0 whose symptoms improved after first endoscopic operation.

title: Assessment of endoscopic treatment for quadrigeminal cistern XXXX : A 7-year experience with 28 cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between duodenojejunal motor activity and @entity1 absorption and to evaluate the effect of modification of duodenojejunal motility on @entity1 absorption by using the prokinetic drug @entity2 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined seven healthy males, mean age 22 years, who were treated with @entity2 10 mg t.i.d. and placebo during 3 days in a randomized order, with a 2-week time interval. Duodenojejunal manometry was performed after each treatment on the morning of day 3, using an 18-lumen catheter. A liquid nutrient (3 kcal/min) was administered intraduodenally for 30 min, followed by a bolus of the @entity1 analog @entity3 ( @entity4 ). Plasma @entity4 concentrations were measured to assess absorption kinetics. RESULTS: The area under the @entity4 concentration curve in the first 30 min after infusion was related to the number of antegrade propagated pressure waves (r = 0.49, P < 0.05), but not to the peak concentration, time to peak, and absorption fraction. The mean amplitude of pressure waves was higher during @entity2 than placebo (P < 0.05), but the reoccurrence of interdigestive motility, numbers of pressure waves, and propagated pressure waves, as well as @entity4 absorption characteristics, were not significantly different between the two treatments. During both treatments >60% of antegrade propagated pressure waves were propagated over a very short distance (1.5 cm). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 absorption in the @entity0 small intestine is related to short-traveling propagated intestinal contractile activity. @entity2 increases the amplitude of pressure waves, but does not affect the organization of pressure waves or the absorption of @entity4 .

title: Small bowel motility affects XXXX absorption in a healthy @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between duodenojejunal motor activity and @entity1 absorption and to evaluate the effect of modification of duodenojejunal motility on @entity1 absorption by using the prokinetic drug @entity2 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined seven healthy males, mean age 22 years, who were treated with @entity2 10 mg t.i.d. and placebo during 3 days in a randomized order, with a 2-week time interval. Duodenojejunal manometry was performed after each treatment on the morning of day 3, using an 18-lumen catheter. A liquid nutrient (3 kcal/min) was administered intraduodenally for 30 min, followed by a bolus of the @entity1 analog @entity3 ( @entity4 ). Plasma @entity4 concentrations were measured to assess absorption kinetics. RESULTS: The area under the @entity4 concentration curve in the first 30 min after infusion was related to the number of antegrade propagated pressure waves (r = 0.49, P < 0.05), but not to the peak concentration, time to peak, and absorption fraction. The mean amplitude of pressure waves was higher during @entity2 than placebo (P < 0.05), but the reoccurrence of interdigestive motility, numbers of pressure waves, and propagated pressure waves, as well as @entity4 absorption characteristics, were not significantly different between the two treatments. During both treatments >60% of antegrade propagated pressure waves were propagated over a very short distance (1.5 cm). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 absorption in the @entity0 small intestine is related to short-traveling propagated intestinal contractile activity. @entity2 increases the amplitude of pressure waves, but does not affect the organization of pressure waves or the absorption of @entity4 .

title: Small bowel motility affects @entity1 absorption in a healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The authors have reviewed 100 cases of @entity5 operated upon at the cerebello-pontine angle using microsurgical techniques, i.e. 20% of their total series of 513 @entity0 with tic douloureux, 413 of them having been submitted to percutaneous R.F.--thermocoagulation. In 10 of the above 100 @entity0 , a @entity1 or an @entity4 have been found and with its removal a total relief of @entity2 has been obtained. In all but three of the other 90 @entity0 , a @entity3 has been revealed. In 17 of them a selective section of the trigeminal root had to be performed, as its cross-compression could not be eliminated. A total cure was achieved in all but three cases in which the result was only partial. In 70 @entity0 a microvascular decompression (MVD) was performed and in 68 of them a follow-up of 1 to 5 years has been analyzed. In 82.4% the results were excellent. Further 7.3% thought to be benefited by the operation; although they still had some @entity2 , they were well controlled by medical treatment. In 10.3% an unsatisfactory improvement, failure or recurrence were noted. Then a critical study of the whole material has been made in search for the causes of unsatisfactory results and for the possibilities of making the efficacity of MVD ascertained in a higher percentage of @entity0 . The results of this study lead to definite conclusions, a part of which is quoted below: Some of clinical findings showed to be of paramount importance for the prognosis. The most evident has been a highly significant difference in the percentage of a total cure in @entity0 with attacks of tic douloureux only (94.5%) and in those with the same type of attacks, but associated with permanent @entity2 (58.3%). The analysis of the operative findings and of the details of the surgical procedure indicated to a necessity of restitution of the normal shape and course of the trigeminal root from the petrous ridge up to the entry-zone and of an adequate root protection (for instance with Dacron), after the Vth nerve had been detached from the conflicting vessel. A correlation of the above findings with the angiographic ones has been made. A measurable method has been used to make available data which could be informative as to the presence of a conflict, as well as to its anatomical cause. But this still needs a further critical elaboration.

title: [Microsurgical treatment of XXXX . Results and prognostic factors of microsurgical vascular decompression].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Two cases of diffuse @entity3 of the rectum and rectosigmoid colon are reported. Sphincter-saving procedures were applied as the surgical treatment for these two @entity0 . The diseased rectum and distal sigmoid colon were resected 3 cm above the pectinate line. The mucosa of the rectal stump was extirpated. All visible residue from the hemangiomatous tissues on the muscular cuff, pararectal space, and pelvic wall were denuded. The normal colon was then pulled down through the rectal cuff and anastomosed with anoderm, and attached to the internal sphincter muscle. Both @entity0 recovered uneventfully. No uncontrollable @entity2 was encountered during rectal dissection. Both @entity0 had good anal sensation and perfect continence. No complicated @entity1 were found. The sphincter-saving procedure for treatment of diffuse @entity3 of the rectum should be promoted and given first choice whenever possible.

title: Sphincter-saving procedure for treatment of diffuse XXXX of the rectum and sigmoid colon.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Extravasation of a chemotherapeutic agent is one of the most frequent complications in @entity1 @entity0 . Full-thickness @entity3 often occurs after extravasation. Alternative approaches to treatment are local wound care, elevation, and @entity9 . It was shown that heparin prevents @entity3 . In this experimental study, the effects of heparin fractions on the prevention of @entity3 were compared by applying an extravasation model of @entity6 in @entity2 . Forty Sprague-Dawley male @entity2 weighing 250 to 300 g were used. A total of 0.3 ml @entity6 was administered subcutaneously to all @entity2 . Ten minutes later, in the control group (group I), 1 ml normal saline was administered subcutaneously. In the first experimental group (group II), 100 U per day heparin @entity8 was administered in a volume of 1 ml subcutaneously. In the second experimental group (group III), nadroparin @entity4 (5 anti-Xa U per kilogram per day) was administered. In the third and last experimental group (group IV), @entity10 (5 anti-Xa U per kilogram per day) was administered. All drugs were administered for 2 weeks. Necrotic areas were measured 4 weeks later. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and the Mann-Whitney test. Heparin fractions caused a decreased @entity7 rate and size than controls ( < 0.05). There was no superiority among heparin fractions. The authors think that low-molecular weight heparins are preferred, considering the higher risk of @entity5 with unfractionated heparin.

title: Effects of heparin fractions on the prevention of @entity3 resulting from XXXX extravasation: an experimental study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Extravasation of a chemotherapeutic agent is one of the most frequent complications in @entity1 @entity0 . Full-thickness @entity3 often occurs after extravasation. Alternative approaches to treatment are local wound care, elevation, and @entity9 . It was shown that heparin prevents @entity3 . In this experimental study, the effects of heparin fractions on the prevention of @entity3 were compared by applying an extravasation model of @entity6 in @entity2 . Forty Sprague-Dawley male @entity2 weighing 250 to 300 g were used. A total of 0.3 ml @entity6 was administered subcutaneously to all @entity2 . Ten minutes later, in the control group (group I), 1 ml normal saline was administered subcutaneously. In the first experimental group (group II), 100 U per day heparin @entity8 was administered in a volume of 1 ml subcutaneously. In the second experimental group (group III), nadroparin @entity4 (5 anti-Xa U per kilogram per day) was administered. In the third and last experimental group (group IV), @entity10 (5 anti-Xa U per kilogram per day) was administered. All drugs were administered for 2 weeks. Necrotic areas were measured 4 weeks later. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance and the Mann-Whitney test. Heparin fractions caused a decreased @entity7 rate and size than controls ( < 0.05). There was no superiority among heparin fractions. The authors think that low-molecular weight heparins are preferred, considering the higher risk of @entity5 with unfractionated heparin.

title: Effects of heparin fractions on the prevention of XXXX resulting from @entity6 extravasation: an experimental study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Retro- or peribulbar anaesthesia are the standard procedures for cyclodestructive surgery. Because these methods of anaesthesia may further compromise optic nerve function, especially in advanced @entity3 , subconjunctival anaesthesia was evaluated as an alternative procedure in cyclocryotherapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: 1. To evaluate the current methods of anaesthesia a questionnaire was sent to all University Eye Clinics in Germany in 2001. 2. A prospective, consecutive study concerning cyclocryotherapy in advanced @entity3 was started using subconjunctival anaesthesia with 5 % @entity4 or, alternatively, 2 % @entity5 in 25 eyes of 25 @entity0 in each group. @entity1 during cyclocryotherapy was recorded using a 10-point rating-scale (1 = no @entity1 to 10 = intolerably severe @entity1 ) and adverse events were also recorded. RESULTS: 1. 88.6 % of the University Eye Clinics in Germany replied to our questionnaire. In 2001 cyclocryotherapy was performed in 80.6 % of the University Eye Clinics in Germany (T  bingen not included), 16.1 % among them solely used cyclocryotherapy for the treatment of advanced @entity3 . 2. Using 5 % @entity4 for subconjunctival anaesthesia - 92 % of @entity0 experienced no @entity1 and 8 % of @entity0 reported very mild @entity1 during cyclocryotherapy. One @entity0 reported @entity2 , 4 @entity0 mouth dryness. After anaesthesia with @entity5 - 80 % experienced no @entity1 , 12 % very mild @entity1 , and 8 % mild @entity1 . There were no systemic side effects. CONCLUSION: Most of the @entity0 experienced no @entity1 during cyclocryotherapy using subconjunctival anaesthesia with @entity4 or @entity5 . Therefore, risks and side effects of retro- or parabulbar anaesthesia can be successfully avoided by this simple modification.

title: [Subconjunctival anaesthesia using XXXX or @entity5 for cyclocryotherapy in advanced @entity3 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Retro- or peribulbar anaesthesia are the standard procedures for cyclodestructive surgery. Because these methods of anaesthesia may further compromise optic nerve function, especially in advanced @entity3 , subconjunctival anaesthesia was evaluated as an alternative procedure in cyclocryotherapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: 1. To evaluate the current methods of anaesthesia a questionnaire was sent to all University Eye Clinics in Germany in 2001. 2. A prospective, consecutive study concerning cyclocryotherapy in advanced @entity3 was started using subconjunctival anaesthesia with 5 % @entity4 or, alternatively, 2 % @entity5 in 25 eyes of 25 @entity0 in each group. @entity1 during cyclocryotherapy was recorded using a 10-point rating-scale (1 = no @entity1 to 10 = intolerably severe @entity1 ) and adverse events were also recorded. RESULTS: 1. 88.6 % of the University Eye Clinics in Germany replied to our questionnaire. In 2001 cyclocryotherapy was performed in 80.6 % of the University Eye Clinics in Germany (T  bingen not included), 16.1 % among them solely used cyclocryotherapy for the treatment of advanced @entity3 . 2. Using 5 % @entity4 for subconjunctival anaesthesia - 92 % of @entity0 experienced no @entity1 and 8 % of @entity0 reported very mild @entity1 during cyclocryotherapy. One @entity0 reported @entity2 , 4 @entity0 mouth dryness. After anaesthesia with @entity5 - 80 % experienced no @entity1 , 12 % very mild @entity1 , and 8 % mild @entity1 . There were no systemic side effects. CONCLUSION: Most of the @entity0 experienced no @entity1 during cyclocryotherapy using subconjunctival anaesthesia with @entity4 or @entity5 . Therefore, risks and side effects of retro- or parabulbar anaesthesia can be successfully avoided by this simple modification.

title: [Subconjunctival anaesthesia using @entity4 or @entity5 for cyclocryotherapy in advanced XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Retro- or peribulbar anaesthesia are the standard procedures for cyclodestructive surgery. Because these methods of anaesthesia may further compromise optic nerve function, especially in advanced @entity3 , subconjunctival anaesthesia was evaluated as an alternative procedure in cyclocryotherapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: 1. To evaluate the current methods of anaesthesia a questionnaire was sent to all University Eye Clinics in Germany in 2001. 2. A prospective, consecutive study concerning cyclocryotherapy in advanced @entity3 was started using subconjunctival anaesthesia with 5 % @entity4 or, alternatively, 2 % @entity5 in 25 eyes of 25 @entity0 in each group. @entity1 during cyclocryotherapy was recorded using a 10-point rating-scale (1 = no @entity1 to 10 = intolerably severe @entity1 ) and adverse events were also recorded. RESULTS: 1. 88.6 % of the University Eye Clinics in Germany replied to our questionnaire. In 2001 cyclocryotherapy was performed in 80.6 % of the University Eye Clinics in Germany (T  bingen not included), 16.1 % among them solely used cyclocryotherapy for the treatment of advanced @entity3 . 2. Using 5 % @entity4 for subconjunctival anaesthesia - 92 % of @entity0 experienced no @entity1 and 8 % of @entity0 reported very mild @entity1 during cyclocryotherapy. One @entity0 reported @entity2 , 4 @entity0 mouth dryness. After anaesthesia with @entity5 - 80 % experienced no @entity1 , 12 % very mild @entity1 , and 8 % mild @entity1 . There were no systemic side effects. CONCLUSION: Most of the @entity0 experienced no @entity1 during cyclocryotherapy using subconjunctival anaesthesia with @entity4 or @entity5 . Therefore, risks and side effects of retro- or parabulbar anaesthesia can be successfully avoided by this simple modification.

title: [Subconjunctival anaesthesia using @entity4 or XXXX for cyclocryotherapy in advanced @entity3 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Previous studies have established that expression of plakoglobin is down-regulated during malignant transformation. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the expression of plakoglobin at the mRNA and protein levels in primary @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and determine the extent to which the patterns of expression correlated with clinical parameters. Plakoglobin expression was evaluated in 37 new @entity1 cases and normal oral epithelium using immunofluorescence, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Northern and Western blotting analysis. The results indicated that the steady-state levels of plakoglobin protein were down-regulated in all @entity1 compared with normal epithelium. Furthermore, in 87.1% of the @entity1 , plakoglobin immunoreactivity displayed an abnormal cytoplasmic localization that was inversely correlated with @entity1 size and directly correlated with a poor clinical outcome for the @entity0 . Northern blotting analysis revealed that down-regulation of mRNA expression occurred in only 65.6% of the @entity1 , with plakoglobin mRNA levels similar to normal epithelium in the remaining cases. In the @entity1 expressing mRNA levels similar to those of normal tissue, a 3.7-kb transcript was detected in addition to the expected 3.4-kb transcript observed in normal epithelium. RT-PCR analysis of the 3' untranslated region of the 3.7-kb plakoglobin mRNA transcript identified a 297-base insertion from +2369 to +2666 that had been previously reported only in transformed cell lines (GenBank M23410). Interestingly, the prognosis was poor for @entity0 with @entity1 expressing both RNA transcripts. These results are consistent with the concept that complex regulation of plakoglobin expression and intracellular routing may contribute to malignant transformation. The study also shows evidence that the level of expression and intracellular localization of plakoglobin may be useful in predicting the course of disease in @entity0 with oropharyngeal SCC.

title: Altered plakoglobin expression at mRNA and protein levels correlates with clinical outcome in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Previous studies have established that expression of plakoglobin is down-regulated during malignant transformation. The aim of this study was to evaluate for the first time the expression of plakoglobin at the mRNA and protein levels in primary @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and determine the extent to which the patterns of expression correlated with clinical parameters. Plakoglobin expression was evaluated in 37 new @entity1 cases and normal oral epithelium using immunofluorescence, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Northern and Western blotting analysis. The results indicated that the steady-state levels of plakoglobin protein were down-regulated in all @entity1 compared with normal epithelium. Furthermore, in 87.1% of the @entity1 , plakoglobin immunoreactivity displayed an abnormal cytoplasmic localization that was inversely correlated with @entity1 size and directly correlated with a poor clinical outcome for the @entity0 . Northern blotting analysis revealed that down-regulation of mRNA expression occurred in only 65.6% of the @entity1 , with plakoglobin mRNA levels similar to normal epithelium in the remaining cases. In the @entity1 expressing mRNA levels similar to those of normal tissue, a 3.7-kb transcript was detected in addition to the expected 3.4-kb transcript observed in normal epithelium. RT-PCR analysis of the 3' untranslated region of the 3.7-kb plakoglobin mRNA transcript identified a 297-base insertion from +2369 to +2666 that had been previously reported only in transformed cell lines (GenBank M23410). Interestingly, the prognosis was poor for @entity0 with @entity1 expressing both RNA transcripts. These results are consistent with the concept that complex regulation of plakoglobin expression and intracellular routing may contribute to malignant transformation. The study also shows evidence that the level of expression and intracellular localization of plakoglobin may be useful in predicting the course of disease in @entity0 with oropharyngeal SCC.

title: Altered plakoglobin expression at mRNA and protein levels correlates with clinical outcome in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Cine CT, with its very rapid imaging capabilities, was used to evaluate eight adult @entity0 suspected of nonfixed @entity3 . A method was developed for such imaging, which provides 10 images at each of 12 contiguous levels, extending from the soft palate through the extrathoracic @entity2 . These give a dynamic view of the airway during at least one full respiratory cycle and take about 6 sec to obtain. Results were compared with similar studies in 10 normal volunteers. Seven of the @entity0 showed intermittent obstruction on cine CT, while the eighth was judged normal. All results agreed with subsequent further investigations or confirmed clinical diagnoses. The pathology demonstrated @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity6 . Four @entity0 were evaluated for @entity1 . All showed dynamic abnormalities of the airway, although they were studied awake and asymptomatic, during normal quiet respiration. All were subsequently shown to have severe @entity1 . We conclude that cine CT has the potential to provide information quickly and noninvasively on upper airway dynamics and has certain definite advantages over conventional studies.

title: Cine CT demonstration of nonfixed XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: This study investigated changes in T-lymphocyte mitogenesis and immunoregulatory cytokines during @entity5 . In vitro T cell response to concanavalin A was compared among @entity4 ( @entity4 ), energy restricted pair fed control (PF), and ad libitum control (C) @entity0 . Cell cultures were supplemented with crude monocyte supernatants (CMS) from @entity4 , PF or C animals at either 1% or 8% final concentration in culture. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) concentration of unstimulated or stimulated lymphocyte culture supernatants and CMS was determined. Lymphocyte cultures from @entity4 , PF and C animals had enhanced @entity2 incorporation when supplemented with C and/or PF derived CMS. Addition of 8% CMS from @entity4 @entity0 inhibited proliferation below levels observed in mitogen-only stimulated groups in all cultures. At the 1% concentration, inhibition was seen in @entity4 and C derived cells cultures and modest enhancement was seen in PF cultures. @entity3 concentration in supernatants from stimulated and unstimulated lymphocyte cultures from @entity4 @entity0 were higher than in C and PF cell cultures. These results suggest (a) that under appropriate culture conditions lymphocytes from @entity4 donors are capable of enhanced proliferation and (b) that @entity1 cell mitogenesis observed in @entity5 may reflect alterations in immunoregulatory signals. The role of interleukin 1 (IL-1) and @entity3 in the modulation of this response is discussed.

title: Monocyte factors modulate in vitro T-lymphocyte mitogenesis in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Since january 1970-december 1982, 58 @entity0 underwent emergently appendectomy for @entity2 . 31 (53,4 percent) where males; the average age was 21 +/- 2,3 years (M +/- SEM). The duration of symptoms ranged from 1-6 hours (10,3 percent of cases) to over 48 hours, before the hospital admission (15,4 percent of cases). 27 @entity0 (46,5 percent) had a clinical examination at home by a physician. 21 @entity0 (36,4 percent) came to hospital emergency unit without previous physical examination; 10 (17,2 percent) were transferred from other departments. In 6,9 percent of cases was present a @entity3 with @entity1 . During operation, in 50 percent of @entity0 was performed a therapeutic peritoneal lavage. In 63,7 percent of cases multiple drains were placed in peritoneal cavity. In all @entity0 was effected postoperative antibiotic profilaxis. The mortality rate was 3,4 percent. General complications were observed more in @entity0 with @entity3 . This review suggests the following remarcable data: morbidity of this disease is still high; the physical examination is more important than laboratory work (especially in the elderly @entity0 , which are often immunodepressed and in @entity0 , with @entity4 at hospital admission); early surgery is the most important factor to the improvement of prognosis in these cases and the results of surgical treatment are improved by large vertical incisions, peritoneal lavage and application of multiple intracavitary drains.

title: [ XXXX : clinico-diagnostic and therapeutic considerations].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) were isolated from 22 @entity1 obtained from 15 @entity0 with @entity3 . In 18 of the 22 @entity1 , a substantial number of lymphocytes was isolated with an average lymphoid cell: @entity1 cell ratio of 1.26. The TIL were predominantly @entity2 /suppressor T-lymphocytes with an average of 87% Leu4+, 61% Leu2a+, and 18% Leu3a+ cells. There were less than 2% natural killer cells, B-cells, or macrophages. An average of 3.8% (range, less than 0.1 to 8.6%) of freshly isolated TIL bound to @entity1 cells. Prior to culture, none of the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was @entity2 as judged by @entity5 exclusion. The frequency of @entity1 increased to 11.6% after 2 days of culture, and 10% of these @entity1 developed @entity2 activity. When @entity4 was added to cultures, the frequency of @entity1 increased, and the frequency of @entity2 @entity1 was 2-fold higher compared to control cultures. After 10 days of culture with @entity4 , TIL increased in number with a concomitant disappearance of @entity1 cells, whereas there were severe decreases of lymphocytes and no decrease of @entity1 cells in control cultures. TIL were cultured for 8 to 10 days with recombinant @entity4 and tested for @entity2 against @entity1 cells and K562 targets in a 4-h 51Cr release assay. @entity6 -cultured TIL from all nine @entity0 tested exhibited the highest levels of lysis against @entity1 cells. Of the nine TIL samples, five exhibited an apparent specificity for autologous @entity3 , while four specimens killed both allogenic and autologous @entity3 . The ability of TIL to kill K562 targets appeared to parallel the ability to kill allogenic targets. For comparison, recombinant @entity4 -cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the same @entity0 were assayed for @entity2 activity against @entity3 . Unlike some TIL, none of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells exhibited specificity for @entity1 cells. In summary, TIL isolated from @entity3 @entity0 were predominantly @entity2 T-lymphocytes with the ability to recognize and kill @entity1 cells after in vitro culture; @entity4 induced proliferation of TIL and augmented their @entity2 activity such that they eliminated @entity1 cells.

title: @entity4 activation of XXXX T-lymphocytes infiltrating into @entity0 metastatic @entity3 .

answer: @entity2