abstract: @entity3 has on occasion been referred to as a state of @entity4 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate the status of intracellular free @entity2 in the neutrophils of @entity3 @entity0 on maintenance haemodialysis treatment. Factors previously suggested to influence intracellular free @entity2 were investigated including @entity5 levels, oxidative stress and recombinant @entity0 @entity6 administration. The study involved 14 @entity3 @entity0 on the haemodialysis programme of the Pretoria Academic hospital. Intracellular free @entity2 and transmembrane @entity2 fluxes were investigated by fluorescence spectrophotometry. Increases above control values were found in intracellular free @entity2 (P-value 0.0242) and in the transmembrane @entity2 flux upon @entity7 stimulation (P-value 0.0002). The results showed significant differences in intracellular free @entity2 between @entity0 on rHuEPO and @entity0 not on rHuEPO. The apparently rHuEPO-induced increase in intracellular free @entity2 persisted in the presence of @entity4 channel blockers. No overt indications of oxidative stress could be detected by the antioxidant vitamin levels. It is concluded that factors other than those associated with uraemia, such as rHuEPO administration, might contribute to the often reported increase in intracellular free @entity2 in these @entity0 . Further studies to investigate the relationship between intracellular free @entity2 , rHuEPO and @entity4 channel blockers are suggested.

title: Intracellular free XXXX in the neutrophils of maintenance haemodialysis @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 has on occasion been referred to as a state of @entity4 @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate the status of intracellular free @entity2 in the neutrophils of @entity3 @entity0 on maintenance haemodialysis treatment. Factors previously suggested to influence intracellular free @entity2 were investigated including @entity5 levels, oxidative stress and recombinant @entity0 @entity6 administration. The study involved 14 @entity3 @entity0 on the haemodialysis programme of the Pretoria Academic hospital. Intracellular free @entity2 and transmembrane @entity2 fluxes were investigated by fluorescence spectrophotometry. Increases above control values were found in intracellular free @entity2 (P-value 0.0242) and in the transmembrane @entity2 flux upon @entity7 stimulation (P-value 0.0002). The results showed significant differences in intracellular free @entity2 between @entity0 on rHuEPO and @entity0 not on rHuEPO. The apparently rHuEPO-induced increase in intracellular free @entity2 persisted in the presence of @entity4 channel blockers. No overt indications of oxidative stress could be detected by the antioxidant vitamin levels. It is concluded that factors other than those associated with uraemia, such as rHuEPO administration, might contribute to the often reported increase in intracellular free @entity2 in these @entity0 . Further studies to investigate the relationship between intracellular free @entity2 , rHuEPO and @entity4 channel blockers are suggested.

title: Intracellular free @entity4 in the neutrophils of maintenance haemodialysis XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A number of assays were performed to assess immunologic function in 28 @entity0 with clinically well-defined @entity2 . Our data provide laboratory evidence that @entity0 with @entity2 have characteristics consistent with an autoimmune process, directed to components of the brain, which may participate in either the pathogenesis or etiology of @entity2 . One-third of our @entity0 had a clinically evident @entity3 unrelated to their @entity1 . Of the nine @entity0 with an @entity3 , two had one autoantibody in their serum and five had more than one autoantibodies. Twelve of eighteen @entity0 without clinical evidence of @entity3 had no detectable autoantibodies. Mitogenic responses to @entity4 and PWM were significantly reduced in the @entity0 population when compared to controls. Fifty percent of the @entity0 had an increased percentage (greater than 5%) of blood-borne HLA-DR (+) OKT4 (+) T-helper lymphocytes. Immune reactivity toward brain antigens was sought by measuring lymphocyte transformation to a saline extract of frontal lobe, and by immunoblotting of antigens extracted from frontal lobe, cingulate gyrus, interventricular septum, and hippocampus. Lymphocyte transformation did not reveal differences between @entity0 and control groups. Normal sera were found to contain antibody to some of these brain antigens. However, @entity0 with @entity2 had antibody to antigens of the hippocampus, septal region and cingulate gyrus which were not encountered during analysis of normal sera.

title: Clinical and laboratory evidence of @entity3 in acute XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A number of assays were performed to assess immunologic function in 28 @entity0 with clinically well-defined @entity2 . Our data provide laboratory evidence that @entity0 with @entity2 have characteristics consistent with an autoimmune process, directed to components of the brain, which may participate in either the pathogenesis or etiology of @entity2 . One-third of our @entity0 had a clinically evident @entity3 unrelated to their @entity1 . Of the nine @entity0 with an @entity3 , two had one autoantibody in their serum and five had more than one autoantibodies. Twelve of eighteen @entity0 without clinical evidence of @entity3 had no detectable autoantibodies. Mitogenic responses to @entity4 and PWM were significantly reduced in the @entity0 population when compared to controls. Fifty percent of the @entity0 had an increased percentage (greater than 5%) of blood-borne HLA-DR (+) OKT4 (+) T-helper lymphocytes. Immune reactivity toward brain antigens was sought by measuring lymphocyte transformation to a saline extract of frontal lobe, and by immunoblotting of antigens extracted from frontal lobe, cingulate gyrus, interventricular septum, and hippocampus. Lymphocyte transformation did not reveal differences between @entity0 and control groups. Normal sera were found to contain antibody to some of these brain antigens. However, @entity0 with @entity2 had antibody to antigens of the hippocampus, septal region and cingulate gyrus which were not encountered during analysis of normal sera.

title: Clinical and laboratory evidence of XXXX in acute @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 , a new lipid-regulating agent, was evaluated in @entity0 and @entity1 for effects on various phases of the reproduction process. In teratology studies groups of pregnant @entity0 and @entity1 received @entity3 at doses up to 200 mg/kg during organogenesis ( @entity0 , Days 6-15; @entity1 , days 6-18). For peri- and postnatal studies, groups of pregnant @entity0 were given 92 or 331 mg/kg from Day 15 of gestation through weaning. In fertility studies groups of sexually mature male @entity0 were given 93 or 326 mg/kg of @entity3 for 61 days and females were given 94 or 318 mg/kg for 15 days prior to mating within treatment groups. Drug administration continued in females through gestation and weaning of the F1 offspring. In subsequent fertility experiments, treated male @entity0 were mated with untreated females and treated females were cohabitated with untreated males. @entity3 did not elicit a teratogenic response in either @entity0 or @entity1 up to doses that resulted in maternal @entity2 . Reduced pup weights during the neonatal and weaning periods in the female fertility study as well as in the perinatal-postnatal study were the only apparent drug effect. Treatment of female @entity0 prior to mating had no significant effects on general reproductive parameters. Male @entity0 given doses of about 300 mg/kg/day showed inconsistent and equivocal lower rates of fertility relative to the concurrent controls. No adverse effects were seen in the reproductive performance of offspring of @entity3 -treated male @entity0 .

title: Experimental studies on reproduction with the lipid-regulating agent XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is sometimes difficult to resect due to poor pulmonary function. Although various therapeutic modalities are available, there is no consensus on the effectiveness of chemotherapy in such rare cases. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of preoperative induction chemotherapy for @entity0 with otherwise unresectable @entity3 and poor pulmonary function. METHODS: Six @entity0 with @entity3 were enrolled in the study. They had a total of 15 foci that were in clinical stage I or II. Due to severe @entity5 and poor pulmonary function, all 6 @entity0 were considered unsuitable for complete surgical excision if either bilateral thoracotomy or pneumonectomy was required. The @entity0 received two courses (at 3- to 4-week intervals) of induction chemotherapy, beginning on day 1 with @entity2 (80 mg/m2), @entity6 (3 mg/m2), and @entity4 (8 mg/m2). After induction chemotherapy, surgical resection was performed on all 6 @entity0 as bilateral thoracotomy and pneumonectomy were avoided due to the effectiveness of induction chemotherapy. RESULTS: Postoperative pathologic examination revealed a complete response in eight foci. Four nonresected foci have not recurred so far. Although three @entity1 were observed in resected specimens, they all showed moderate responses to chemotherapy. The possible complete response rate is 80%. All @entity0 have survived for 2 to 10 years without apparent recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Induction chemotherapy can be added to treatment options for @entity0 with rare @entity3 that cannot be resected because of poor pulmonary function.

title: Induction chemotherapy before operation for multiple XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in long-term @entity1 in @entity0 and animals in preceded by a period of hyperfiltration that may be responsible for it. The mediators of the increase in glomerular filtration are unknown, but recent studies suggest a prominent role for @entity8 . To test the hypothesis that prostaglandins mediate early hyperfiltration and contribute to the progression of @entity7 , we examined the effects of long-term @entity4 (ASA) treatment on whole kidney GFR and renal @entity6 ( @entity6 ) synthesis in control and @entity1 @entity3 8 days and 16 weeks after @entity9 administration. The @entity3 were divided into four groups, control, control with ASA (C/ASA), @entity1 , and @entity1 with ASA (D/ASA). We found that 8 days after @entity9 treatment, @entity6 synthesis and GFR were increased in @entity1 @entity3 . @entity5 treatment inhibited renal prostaglandin synthesis and prevented the GFR increase. ASA given to control @entity3 reduced @entity6 synthesis without changing GFR. In the 16-week study @entity1 @entity3 had lower GFR and increased renal @entity6 synthesis. @entity1 @entity3 also had thickened @entity2 membrane compared with control @entity3 . By contrast GFR did not fall and thickening of the @entity2 membrane did not occur in @entity1 @entity3 receiving ASA. ASA had no effect on GFR or @entity2 membrane in normal @entity3 but decreased renal @entity6 synthesis. The data demonstrate that @entity4 prevents early hyperfiltration and prevents the fall in GFR and @entity2 membrane thickening that occurs over time in @entity1 @entity3 . Inhibition of @entity6 synthesis by @entity4 , or some other effect of @entity4 , may be responsible for the protection observed.

title: Effect of XXXX on experimental @entity7 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in long-term @entity1 in @entity0 and animals in preceded by a period of hyperfiltration that may be responsible for it. The mediators of the increase in glomerular filtration are unknown, but recent studies suggest a prominent role for @entity8 . To test the hypothesis that prostaglandins mediate early hyperfiltration and contribute to the progression of @entity7 , we examined the effects of long-term @entity4 (ASA) treatment on whole kidney GFR and renal @entity6 ( @entity6 ) synthesis in control and @entity1 @entity3 8 days and 16 weeks after @entity9 administration. The @entity3 were divided into four groups, control, control with ASA (C/ASA), @entity1 , and @entity1 with ASA (D/ASA). We found that 8 days after @entity9 treatment, @entity6 synthesis and GFR were increased in @entity1 @entity3 . @entity5 treatment inhibited renal prostaglandin synthesis and prevented the GFR increase. ASA given to control @entity3 reduced @entity6 synthesis without changing GFR. In the 16-week study @entity1 @entity3 had lower GFR and increased renal @entity6 synthesis. @entity1 @entity3 also had thickened @entity2 membrane compared with control @entity3 . By contrast GFR did not fall and thickening of the @entity2 membrane did not occur in @entity1 @entity3 receiving ASA. ASA had no effect on GFR or @entity2 membrane in normal @entity3 but decreased renal @entity6 synthesis. The data demonstrate that @entity4 prevents early hyperfiltration and prevents the fall in GFR and @entity2 membrane thickening that occurs over time in @entity1 @entity3 . Inhibition of @entity6 synthesis by @entity4 , or some other effect of @entity4 , may be responsible for the protection observed.

title: Effect of @entity4 on experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: AIMS AND BACKGROUND: @entity2 is the fourth leading cause of @entity1 in Korea. However, there have been few reports concerning the clinical or pathological characteristics of @entity0 in this area. The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics and trends of @entity2 in Korea. METHODS: The 1,468 @entity0 with a histologic diagnoses of @entity2 between 1990 and 1997 at the Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, were retrospectively examined. The data source was the medical record database of the Hospital. RESULTS: The mean age at diagnosis was younger than in Western countries (57.4 years for @entity4 and 55.6 years for @entity1 ). @entity1 was found to be more frequent than @entity4 . However, the proportion of @entity4 has been steadily increasing with time. The changes in the colon-to-rectal ratio mainly arose from an increase in left-sided @entity4 . Moderately differentiated @entity3 was also increasing. @entity4 @entity0 demonstrated a more advanced stage than the @entity1 @entity0 . Surgery was performed in 93.7% of the @entity0 as a first course of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of Korean @entity2 @entity0 were remarkably different from those seen in Western countries in age and primary @entity1 site distribution. However, the differences were less evident with time. A nationwide population-based registry is required to confirm the results of the study.

title: XXXX in Korea: characteristics and trends.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that a history of @entity2 (especially sexual @entity2 ) was associated with a reduced likelihood of having had medically appropriate @entity1 screening. STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study using mailed self-report questionnaires. POPULATION: The questionnaires were completed by an age-stratified random sample of adult @entity0 members of a large health maintenance organization. The sample included 364 @entity0 who had received medically appropriate @entity1 screening and 372 who had not. OUTCOMES MEASURED: We defined cases as @entity0 who, according to their medical record, had not had @entity1 screening within 2 years before the study. Controls were defined as @entity0 who had been screened. We evaluated exposures to @entity2 that we hypothesized to be associated with the case/control state. RESULTS: @entity0 who had been sexually abused in childhood were less likely to have had a Pap smear within the past 2 years (36.0% vs. 50.4%, P =.050). Other traumatic events were associated with Pap testing in bivariate analyses but not when demographic characteristics and clinic location were controlled. Childhood @entity3 remained associated with reduced odds of Pap screening in logistic regression analyses that controlled for clinic location, demographics, attitudes about Pap screening, and @entity4 (adjusted OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.91). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that childhood @entity3 may lead to decreased probability of screening for @entity1 , potentially contributing to the poorer health seen in other studies of @entity0 who have been sexually abused.

title: Is a history of XXXX associated with a reduced likelihood of @entity1 screening?

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that a history of @entity2 (especially sexual @entity2 ) was associated with a reduced likelihood of having had medically appropriate @entity1 screening. STUDY DESIGN: A case-control study using mailed self-report questionnaires. POPULATION: The questionnaires were completed by an age-stratified random sample of adult @entity0 members of a large health maintenance organization. The sample included 364 @entity0 who had received medically appropriate @entity1 screening and 372 who had not. OUTCOMES MEASURED: We defined cases as @entity0 who, according to their medical record, had not had @entity1 screening within 2 years before the study. Controls were defined as @entity0 who had been screened. We evaluated exposures to @entity2 that we hypothesized to be associated with the case/control state. RESULTS: @entity0 who had been sexually abused in childhood were less likely to have had a Pap smear within the past 2 years (36.0% vs. 50.4%, P =.050). Other traumatic events were associated with Pap testing in bivariate analyses but not when demographic characteristics and clinic location were controlled. Childhood @entity3 remained associated with reduced odds of Pap screening in logistic regression analyses that controlled for clinic location, demographics, attitudes about Pap screening, and @entity4 (adjusted OR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.34 to 0.91). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that childhood @entity3 may lead to decreased probability of screening for @entity1 , potentially contributing to the poorer health seen in other studies of @entity0 who have been sexually abused.

title: Is a history of @entity2 associated with a reduced likelihood of XXXX screening?

answer: @entity1


abstract: Neural crest cells (NCCs) exit the dorsal neural tube and migrate to sites where they form diverse tissues. @entity0 ( @entity2 ) is an anticonvulsant drug that induces neural tube and related defects. Altered NCC migration and proliferation have been proposed as mechanisms of teratogenicity. We cultured neural tube segments from @entity1 embryos in 0.75-3.0mM @entity2 . We used image analysis, proliferation assays, and fluorescence localization to investigate NCCs during @entity2 exposure. @entity2 inhibited attachment of explants and the number that produced migrating cells. @entity2 markedly decreased the proportion of cells migrating individually, promoting migration as epithelial sheets. @entity2 at 3mM decreased cellular spreading. Area and perimeter change per minute were reduced, but migration velocity was not. @entity2 at 2mM reduced proliferation 11% and 3mM arrested proliferation. Immunostaining of @entity2 -exposed explants revealed @entity3 -positive cell boundaries within sheets, but independent NCCs did not stain. F-actin staining was reduced in independent NCCs. The data support a @entity2 mechanism involving interference with epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

title: Neural crest cell motility in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: African trypanosomes are lipid auxotrophs that live in the bloodstream of their @entity0 and animal hosts. Trypanosomes require lipoproteins in addition to other serum components in order to multiply under axenic culture conditions. Delipidation of the lipoproteins abrogates their capacity to support trypanosome growth. Both major classes of serum lipoproteins, LDL and HDL, are primary sources of lipids, delivering @entity3 , @entity1 , and phospholipids to trypanosomes. We show evidence for the existence of a trypanosome lipoprotein scavenger receptor, which facilitates the endocytosis of both native and modified lipoproteins, including HDL and LDL. This lipoprotein scavenger receptor also exhibits selective lipid uptake, whereby the uptake of the lipid components of the lipoprotein exceeds that of the protein components. Trypanosome lytic factor (TLF1), an unusual HDL found in human serum that protects from infection by lysing @entity2 brucei, is also bound and endocytosed by this lipoprotein scavenger receptor. HDL and LDL compete for the binding and uptake of TLF1 and thereby attenuate the trypanosome lysis mediated by TLF1. We also show that a @entity0 scavenger receptor facilitates lipid uptake from TLF1 in a manner similar to the trypanosome scavenger receptor. Based on these results we propose that HDL, LDL, and TLF1 are all bound and taken up by a lipoprotein scavenger receptor, which may constitute the parasite' @entity4 pathway mediating the uptake of essential lipids.

title: Evidence for a XXXX lipoprotein scavenger receptor.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Thirty @entity0 with @entity12 chromosome-positive lymphoid (20 @entity0 ) or undifferentiated (ten @entity0 ) @entity8 in @entity13 were treated with 0.4 mg of @entity9 by continuous intravenous infusion ( @entity11 ) daily for 4 days; ( @entity5 ) 12 mg/m2 of @entity5 (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, @entity10 ) by continuous intravenous infusion daily for 4 days; and 40 mg of @entity14 daily on days 1 through 4, 9 through 12, and 17 through 20 (VAD). Course 2 was given starting on day 24 with the addition of @entity7 1 g/22. Overall nine @entity0 achieved complete remission (30%) and three attained a partial remission (10%), for an overall response rate of 40%. Four @entity0 expired during induction whereas 14 had resistant disease. Response rate was significantly higher for @entity0 with lymphoid compared to undifferentiated morphology (55% versus 10%; P = 0.05). In @entity6 , @entity1 was associated with a higher response rate compared to Calla-negative disease (75% versus 25%; P = 0.08). Eleven @entity0 developed @entity4 , and seven had @entity3 without documented @entity4 . The median overall survival was 29 weeks. Median survival was 43 weeks for @entity0 achieving complete remission and 20 weeks for those with resistant disease. Remission duration was 39 weeks. After primary and salvage therapy, nine @entity0 are alive, six of them in continuous remission for 19+ to 112+ weeks. The authors conclude that VAD chemotherapy is an effective regimen with acceptable @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity6 especially those with @entity1 . Alternate induction regimens for undifferentiated disease and for maintenance therapy are currently being investigated.

title: Therapy of lymphoid and undifferentiated @entity8 in XXXX with continuous @entity9 and @entity5 infusions plus high-dose decadron.

answer: @entity13


abstract: Thirty @entity0 with @entity12 chromosome-positive lymphoid (20 @entity0 ) or undifferentiated (ten @entity0 ) @entity8 in @entity13 were treated with 0.4 mg of @entity9 by continuous intravenous infusion ( @entity11 ) daily for 4 days; ( @entity5 ) 12 mg/m2 of @entity5 (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, @entity10 ) by continuous intravenous infusion daily for 4 days; and 40 mg of @entity14 daily on days 1 through 4, 9 through 12, and 17 through 20 (VAD). Course 2 was given starting on day 24 with the addition of @entity7 1 g/22. Overall nine @entity0 achieved complete remission (30%) and three attained a partial remission (10%), for an overall response rate of 40%. Four @entity0 expired during induction whereas 14 had resistant disease. Response rate was significantly higher for @entity0 with lymphoid compared to undifferentiated morphology (55% versus 10%; P = 0.05). In @entity6 , @entity1 was associated with a higher response rate compared to Calla-negative disease (75% versus 25%; P = 0.08). Eleven @entity0 developed @entity4 , and seven had @entity3 without documented @entity4 . The median overall survival was 29 weeks. Median survival was 43 weeks for @entity0 achieving complete remission and 20 weeks for those with resistant disease. Remission duration was 39 weeks. After primary and salvage therapy, nine @entity0 are alive, six of them in continuous remission for 19+ to 112+ weeks. The authors conclude that VAD chemotherapy is an effective regimen with acceptable @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity6 especially those with @entity1 . Alternate induction regimens for undifferentiated disease and for maintenance therapy are currently being investigated.

title: Therapy of lymphoid and undifferentiated @entity8 in @entity13 with continuous @entity9 and XXXX infusions plus high-dose decadron.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Thirty @entity0 with @entity12 chromosome-positive lymphoid (20 @entity0 ) or undifferentiated (ten @entity0 ) @entity8 in @entity13 were treated with 0.4 mg of @entity9 by continuous intravenous infusion ( @entity11 ) daily for 4 days; ( @entity5 ) 12 mg/m2 of @entity5 (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, @entity10 ) by continuous intravenous infusion daily for 4 days; and 40 mg of @entity14 daily on days 1 through 4, 9 through 12, and 17 through 20 (VAD). Course 2 was given starting on day 24 with the addition of @entity7 1 g/22. Overall nine @entity0 achieved complete remission (30%) and three attained a partial remission (10%), for an overall response rate of 40%. Four @entity0 expired during induction whereas 14 had resistant disease. Response rate was significantly higher for @entity0 with lymphoid compared to undifferentiated morphology (55% versus 10%; P = 0.05). In @entity6 , @entity1 was associated with a higher response rate compared to Calla-negative disease (75% versus 25%; P = 0.08). Eleven @entity0 developed @entity4 , and seven had @entity3 without documented @entity4 . The median overall survival was 29 weeks. Median survival was 43 weeks for @entity0 achieving complete remission and 20 weeks for those with resistant disease. Remission duration was 39 weeks. After primary and salvage therapy, nine @entity0 are alive, six of them in continuous remission for 19+ to 112+ weeks. The authors conclude that VAD chemotherapy is an effective regimen with acceptable @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity6 especially those with @entity1 . Alternate induction regimens for undifferentiated disease and for maintenance therapy are currently being investigated.

title: Therapy of lymphoid and undifferentiated @entity8 in @entity13 with continuous XXXX and @entity5 infusions plus high-dose decadron.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Thirty @entity0 with @entity12 chromosome-positive lymphoid (20 @entity0 ) or undifferentiated (ten @entity0 ) @entity8 in @entity13 were treated with 0.4 mg of @entity9 by continuous intravenous infusion ( @entity11 ) daily for 4 days; ( @entity5 ) 12 mg/m2 of @entity5 (Adria Laboratories, Columbus, @entity10 ) by continuous intravenous infusion daily for 4 days; and 40 mg of @entity14 daily on days 1 through 4, 9 through 12, and 17 through 20 (VAD). Course 2 was given starting on day 24 with the addition of @entity7 1 g/22. Overall nine @entity0 achieved complete remission (30%) and three attained a partial remission (10%), for an overall response rate of 40%. Four @entity0 expired during induction whereas 14 had resistant disease. Response rate was significantly higher for @entity0 with lymphoid compared to undifferentiated morphology (55% versus 10%; P = 0.05). In @entity6 , @entity1 was associated with a higher response rate compared to Calla-negative disease (75% versus 25%; P = 0.08). Eleven @entity0 developed @entity4 , and seven had @entity3 without documented @entity4 . The median overall survival was 29 weeks. Median survival was 43 weeks for @entity0 achieving complete remission and 20 weeks for those with resistant disease. Remission duration was 39 weeks. After primary and salvage therapy, nine @entity0 are alive, six of them in continuous remission for 19+ to 112+ weeks. The authors conclude that VAD chemotherapy is an effective regimen with acceptable @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity6 especially those with @entity1 . Alternate induction regimens for undifferentiated disease and for maintenance therapy are currently being investigated.

title: Therapy of lymphoid and undifferentiated XXXX in @entity13 with continuous @entity9 and @entity5 infusions plus high-dose decadron.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The penetration of anionic @entity5 antibiotics through porins was evaluated as a mechanism of drug resistance. The major proteins with porin activity were purified from the outer membranes of six bacteria. Three of the six porins were oligomeric porins. The molecular weights of their monomers were 37 kDa from @entity8 , 42 kDa from Serratia liquefaciens, and 36 kDa from @entity0 B. The other three porins were heat-modifiable monomeric porins with molecular weights of 43 kDa from @entity7 and @entity4 , and 37 kDa from @entity3 . Comparison of the six porin proteins revealed that, independent of their aggregation state, their @entity1 content is similar but not identical. All have double the amount of negatively charged @entity2 compared with positively charged @entity2 . They have a similar polarity and polarity index. Two of the six tested bacteria do not produce beta-lactamase. These two bacteria were sensitive to the different @entity6 tested. The other four bacteria were resistant to all or to several @entity6 .A modified liposome swelling method was used for determining the rate of penetration of charged @entity5 antibiotics. Zwitterionic @entity6 were found to penetrate into liposomes at a rate that more or less fits their molecular weight, whether the porins are monomeric or oligomeric. The penetration rates of negatively charged @entity6 are different for oligomeric and monomeric porins. Negatively charged @entity6 penetrate through oligomeric porins better than estimated by their molecular weight, whereas monomeric porins are less penetrable to negatively charged @entity6 than estimated by their molecular weight. The contribution of all types of porins to the susceptibility of bacteria to @entity5 antibiotics (zwitterionic or negatively charged) is apparently doubtful. The porins may decrease or increase bacterial penetration rates to @entity6 , and only the existence of a potential beta-lactamase that can destroy the penetrating drug will cause resistance.

title: Diffusion of XXXX antibiotics through oligomeric or monomeric porin channels of some gram-negative bacteria.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) techniques were evaluated in the treatment of flat and sessile @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity0 (32 female, 25 male) with non-polypoid colorectal lesions (n = 71, size >or= 10 mm) were included in the study. @entity1 location, shape, size, and depth (in @entity1 ) were determined by endoscopy and endoscopic ultrasound. EMR was performed using snare resection, endoscopic aspiration mucosectomy, or EMR using a cap-fitted endoscope. RESULTS: Lesion size ranged from 10 to 50 mm. Complete resection was achieved in 59 of 61 benign and 6 of 8 @entity1 . Thirty-five @entity1 were excised in one segment and 34 @entity1 in piecemeal technique. Pathological examination of @entity1 treated by EMR showed @entity5 in 61 and @entity1 in 8 cases. Because of the non-lifting sign, 2 of 71 @entity1 were not treated endoscopically and referred to surgical resection revealing a T2 @entity3 in both cases. Resection was incomplete in 2 of 61 @entity5 with histological positive resection margin. Complications occurred in 2 @entity0 , with 1 @entity4 treated endoscopically and 1 perforation treated by surgery. Local recurrence was observed in 2 of 59 completely resected @entity5 and in none of 6 @entity1 during a mean follow-up of 18 months (range 6 to 30 months). CONCLUSION: Advanced non-polypoid @entity6 and @entity1 can be safely and effectively resected by endoscopic mucosal resection.

title: Endoscopic mucosal resection for advanced non-polypoid XXXX and early stage carcinoma.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous valvotomy is an alternative therapy to surgery in newborns with critical @entity2 . However, the retrograde technique commonly used has significant morbidity and mortality. We decided to introduce anterograde percutaneous aortic valvotomy in newborns in a Pediatric Cardiology Unit and assess the immediate and follow-up results. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between July and December 2000, three newborns with critical @entity2 underwent transcatheter anterograde valvotomy. All were in mechanical ventilation and dissociative anesthesia; vascular access was through puncture of the right femoral vein. An end-hole catheter was advanced, via the foramen ovale, to the left ventricle; a guide wire was placed in the ascending aorta; the end-hole catheter was then exchanged for a coronary balloon catheter and the aortic valve was predilated; afterwards, other low profile balloon catheters were advanced but the largest balloon never exceeded 95% of the aortic annulus diameter, previously measured by 2D echo and angiography. Data of the pre- and post-dilatation left ventricular pressures were registered; aortic valve function in the follow-up period was monitored by Doppler. RESULTS: Transaortic gradients decreased after the procedure in all three @entity0 ; no @entity1 was detected. No morbidity or mortality was associated with the technique. In the follow-up period, all the @entity0 remained in class I NYHA; the echocardiogram revealed a significant aortic gradient in one @entity0 with a small aortic annulus and mild @entity1 in another @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Anterograde percutaneous valvotomy in newborns with critical @entity3 is a useful technique and overcomes the problems associated with surgery and the retrograde technique: it should be more widely used.

title: Anterograde balloon dilatation in neonatal critical XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Gene patterns of expression in purified @entity2 (+) bone marrow cells from 7 @entity0 with low-risk @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and 4 @entity0 with high-risk @entity3 were compared with expression data from @entity2 (+) bone marrow cells from 4 healthy control subjects. @entity2 (+) cells were isolated by magnetic cell separation, and high-density oligonucleotide microarray analysis was performed. For confirmation, the expression of selected genes was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Class membership prediction analysis selected 11 genes. Using the expression profile of these genes, we were able to discriminate @entity0 with low-risk from @entity0 with high-risk @entity3 and both @entity0 groups from the control group by hierarchical clustering (Spearman confidence). The power of these 11 genes was verified by applying the algorithm to an unknown test set containing expression data from 8 additional @entity0 with @entity3 (3 at low risk, 5 at high risk). @entity0 at low risk could be distinguished from those at high risk by clustering analysis. In low-risk @entity3 , we found that the @entity1 -induced gene ( @entity6 ), the radiation-inducible, immediate-early response gene ( @entity5 ), and the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were down-regulated. These data suggest that @entity2 (+) cells from @entity0 with low-risk @entity3 lack defensive proteins, resulting in their susceptibility to cell damage. In summary, we propose that gene expression profiling may have clinical relevance for risk evaluation in @entity3 at the time of initial diagnosis. Furthermore, this study provides evidence that in @entity3 , hematopoietic stem cells accumulate defects that prevent normal hematopoiesis.

title: Characterization of gene expression of XXXX + cells from normal and myelodysplastic bone marrow.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In @entity0 with @entity8 (T2DM) and associated @entity2 , plasma levels of @entity4 , insulin and @entity6 are high, lipid peroxidation is increased and natural antioxidant reserves are reduced. Thus, we hypothesised that the re-balancing of cell redox levels and amelioration of liver function could result in a better @entity4 and lipid metabolism. To study this, we assessed the effect of a new oral formulation of an antioxidant agent - @entity10 (named IBI/S) - in @entity0 with chronic @entity9 and concomitant T2DM. METHODS: Sixty outpatients were enrolled in a three-centre, double blind, randomised, IBI/S vs placebo study. Forty-two (21 in the group IBI/S - 135 mg/d silybin per os - and 21 in the placebo group) concluded the 6-month treatment period. The efficacy parameters included fasting and mean daily plasma @entity4 levels, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), basal, stimulated C-peptide and insulin levels, total-, HDL- @entity1 and @entity6 levels in addition to conventional liver function tests. Insulin sensitivity was estimated by HOMA-IR. @entity5 ( @entity7 ) was also measured before and after treatment as an index of oxidative stress. RESULTS: Fasting blood @entity4 levels, which were similar at baseline in IBI/S group and in the placebo group (173.9 mg/dl and 177.1 mg/dl, respectively), decreased to 148.4 mg/dl (-14.7% vs baseline; p = 0.03) in the IBI/S group while they were virtually unchanged in the placebo group. The comparison between the groups at mo 6 (T6) also showed a significant reduction of @entity4 levels in the IBI/S group (p = 0.03). The same trend was observed in mean daily blood @entity4 levels, HbA1c and HOMA-IR, although differences were not significant. Basal and stimulated C-peptide values showed that only a few changes had occured in both groups. Such results indicate that insulin secretion was virtually unaffected, as confirmed also by the insulinemia data. Plasma @entity6 concentrations dropped from a baseline value of 186 mg/dl to 111 mg/dl (T6) in the IBI/S group, with significant differences at all instances with respect to baseline values. By contrast, @entity6 increased from 159 mg/dl at entry to 185 mg/dl (T6) in the placebo group. The difference between the groups at T6 was highly significant (p < 0.01). Total and HDL @entity1 as well as liver function tests did not change significantly during the study in both groups. @entity7 decreased significantly only in the group receiving IBI/S. No clinically relevant side effects were observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration @entity10 in @entity0 with T2DM and compensated chronic @entity9 causes a significant decrease in both @entity4 and @entity3 plasma levels. These effects may be due to the recovery of energy substrates, consistent with a reduced lipid peroxidation and an improved insulin activity.

title: XXXX in the treatment of @entity0 with diabetes mellitus and @entity9 . Efficacy study of a new preparation of an anti-oxidant agent.

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In @entity0 with @entity8 (T2DM) and associated @entity2 , plasma levels of @entity4 , insulin and @entity6 are high, lipid peroxidation is increased and natural antioxidant reserves are reduced. Thus, we hypothesised that the re-balancing of cell redox levels and amelioration of liver function could result in a better @entity4 and lipid metabolism. To study this, we assessed the effect of a new oral formulation of an antioxidant agent - @entity10 (named IBI/S) - in @entity0 with chronic @entity9 and concomitant T2DM. METHODS: Sixty outpatients were enrolled in a three-centre, double blind, randomised, IBI/S vs placebo study. Forty-two (21 in the group IBI/S - 135 mg/d silybin per os - and 21 in the placebo group) concluded the 6-month treatment period. The efficacy parameters included fasting and mean daily plasma @entity4 levels, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), basal, stimulated C-peptide and insulin levels, total-, HDL- @entity1 and @entity6 levels in addition to conventional liver function tests. Insulin sensitivity was estimated by HOMA-IR. @entity5 ( @entity7 ) was also measured before and after treatment as an index of oxidative stress. RESULTS: Fasting blood @entity4 levels, which were similar at baseline in IBI/S group and in the placebo group (173.9 mg/dl and 177.1 mg/dl, respectively), decreased to 148.4 mg/dl (-14.7% vs baseline; p = 0.03) in the IBI/S group while they were virtually unchanged in the placebo group. The comparison between the groups at mo 6 (T6) also showed a significant reduction of @entity4 levels in the IBI/S group (p = 0.03). The same trend was observed in mean daily blood @entity4 levels, HbA1c and HOMA-IR, although differences were not significant. Basal and stimulated C-peptide values showed that only a few changes had occured in both groups. Such results indicate that insulin secretion was virtually unaffected, as confirmed also by the insulinemia data. Plasma @entity6 concentrations dropped from a baseline value of 186 mg/dl to 111 mg/dl (T6) in the IBI/S group, with significant differences at all instances with respect to baseline values. By contrast, @entity6 increased from 159 mg/dl at entry to 185 mg/dl (T6) in the placebo group. The difference between the groups at T6 was highly significant (p < 0.01). Total and HDL @entity1 as well as liver function tests did not change significantly during the study in both groups. @entity7 decreased significantly only in the group receiving IBI/S. No clinically relevant side effects were observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration @entity10 in @entity0 with T2DM and compensated chronic @entity9 causes a significant decrease in both @entity4 and @entity3 plasma levels. These effects may be due to the recovery of energy substrates, consistent with a reduced lipid peroxidation and an improved insulin activity.

title: @entity10 in the treatment of @entity0 with diabetes mellitus and XXXX . Efficacy study of a new preparation of an anti-oxidant agent.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: In @entity0 with @entity8 (T2DM) and associated @entity2 , plasma levels of @entity4 , insulin and @entity6 are high, lipid peroxidation is increased and natural antioxidant reserves are reduced. Thus, we hypothesised that the re-balancing of cell redox levels and amelioration of liver function could result in a better @entity4 and lipid metabolism. To study this, we assessed the effect of a new oral formulation of an antioxidant agent - @entity10 (named IBI/S) - in @entity0 with chronic @entity9 and concomitant T2DM. METHODS: Sixty outpatients were enrolled in a three-centre, double blind, randomised, IBI/S vs placebo study. Forty-two (21 in the group IBI/S - 135 mg/d silybin per os - and 21 in the placebo group) concluded the 6-month treatment period. The efficacy parameters included fasting and mean daily plasma @entity4 levels, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), basal, stimulated C-peptide and insulin levels, total-, HDL- @entity1 and @entity6 levels in addition to conventional liver function tests. Insulin sensitivity was estimated by HOMA-IR. @entity5 ( @entity7 ) was also measured before and after treatment as an index of oxidative stress. RESULTS: Fasting blood @entity4 levels, which were similar at baseline in IBI/S group and in the placebo group (173.9 mg/dl and 177.1 mg/dl, respectively), decreased to 148.4 mg/dl (-14.7% vs baseline; p = 0.03) in the IBI/S group while they were virtually unchanged in the placebo group. The comparison between the groups at mo 6 (T6) also showed a significant reduction of @entity4 levels in the IBI/S group (p = 0.03). The same trend was observed in mean daily blood @entity4 levels, HbA1c and HOMA-IR, although differences were not significant. Basal and stimulated C-peptide values showed that only a few changes had occured in both groups. Such results indicate that insulin secretion was virtually unaffected, as confirmed also by the insulinemia data. Plasma @entity6 concentrations dropped from a baseline value of 186 mg/dl to 111 mg/dl (T6) in the IBI/S group, with significant differences at all instances with respect to baseline values. By contrast, @entity6 increased from 159 mg/dl at entry to 185 mg/dl (T6) in the placebo group. The difference between the groups at T6 was highly significant (p < 0.01). Total and HDL @entity1 as well as liver function tests did not change significantly during the study in both groups. @entity7 decreased significantly only in the group receiving IBI/S. No clinically relevant side effects were observed in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Oral administration @entity10 in @entity0 with T2DM and compensated chronic @entity9 causes a significant decrease in both @entity4 and @entity3 plasma levels. These effects may be due to the recovery of energy substrates, consistent with a reduced lipid peroxidation and an improved insulin activity.

title: @entity10 in the treatment of XXXX with diabetes mellitus and @entity9 . Efficacy study of a new preparation of an anti-oxidant agent.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Forty-eight @entity0 with @entity5 and a platelet count greater than 80 x 10(9)/L were the subjects of a study of platelet function. A whole-blood platelet lumi-aggregometer was used for simultaneous measurement of @entity4 by the impedance method and of @entity3 -dense granule release. The results were correlated with skin @entity1 time and episodes of clinical @entity1 or @entity2 . Thirty-five @entity0 had at least 1 abnormal result indicating @entity4 ; 7 @entity0 had mixed @entity4 and @entity6 ; and 4 @entity0 had @entity6 . Only 2 @entity0 had normal results. There was good correlation between @entity4 and prolonged skin @entity1 time (P = .005); however, several @entity0 with @entity4 had normal skin @entity1 times. This finding suggested that whole-blood @entity4 studies may be more sensitive than @entity1 time in identification of @entity0 at risk of @entity1 . Clinical @entity1 was frequent (32 @entity0 ) in this cohort despite platelet counts greater than 100 x 10(9)/L. This finding indicated @entity4 was clinically important. In contrast, only 2 of the 13 @entity0 with @entity2 events had evidence of @entity6 , suggesting that other clinical factors are probably more important determinants of @entity2 . These observations confirm that @entity4 is common in @entity0 with @entity5 and suggest a useful role for routine whole-blood @entity4 studies to identify @entity0 at risk of @entity1 .

title: @entity4 in XXXX : a clinicopathological study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Forty-eight @entity0 with @entity5 and a platelet count greater than 80 x 10(9)/L were the subjects of a study of platelet function. A whole-blood platelet lumi-aggregometer was used for simultaneous measurement of @entity4 by the impedance method and of @entity3 -dense granule release. The results were correlated with skin @entity1 time and episodes of clinical @entity1 or @entity2 . Thirty-five @entity0 had at least 1 abnormal result indicating @entity4 ; 7 @entity0 had mixed @entity4 and @entity6 ; and 4 @entity0 had @entity6 . Only 2 @entity0 had normal results. There was good correlation between @entity4 and prolonged skin @entity1 time (P = .005); however, several @entity0 with @entity4 had normal skin @entity1 times. This finding suggested that whole-blood @entity4 studies may be more sensitive than @entity1 time in identification of @entity0 at risk of @entity1 . Clinical @entity1 was frequent (32 @entity0 ) in this cohort despite platelet counts greater than 100 x 10(9)/L. This finding indicated @entity4 was clinically important. In contrast, only 2 of the 13 @entity0 with @entity2 events had evidence of @entity6 , suggesting that other clinical factors are probably more important determinants of @entity2 . These observations confirm that @entity4 is common in @entity0 with @entity5 and suggest a useful role for routine whole-blood @entity4 studies to identify @entity0 at risk of @entity1 .

title: XXXX in @entity5 : a clinicopathological study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A phase I study with continuous administration of @entity6 for 21 days using a venous access port and a portable pump was performed. The first dose step was 2 mg/m2/d for 21 days. Interval between courses was 3 weeks. Dose increment per step was 1 mg/m2/d. Twenty-two @entity0 entered the study and received a total of 58 courses with a median of two (range, one to nine). Up to 5 mg/m2/d no @entity2 (according to World Health Organization [WHO] criteria) occurred. At 6 mg/m2/d (six pts), one @entity0 had @entity7 grade 3. Two others had some hair loss. At 7 mg/m2/d (four @entity0 ), all @entity0 developed @entity1 (two grade 3). Three @entity0 had @entity3 (one grade 3 @entity5 , one grade 4 @entity7 ), and one @entity0 developed the @entity10 . No other @entity2 occurred in the @entity0 . One @entity0 obtained a partial response (18 weeks), ten had stable disease (12 to 54 weeks), seven had progressive disease, and four were not evaluable for response. One @entity0 developed @entity8 around the port, responding to antibiotic treatment; one @entity0 developed a @entity9 that resolved with urokinase and removal of the access port. No @entity4 occurred. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorometric detection. Plasma steady state was reached after 57 hours. During steady state there was a linear relationship between @entity6 dose administered and @entity6 level in plasma (r = .58, P less than .05), whole blood (r = .75, P less than .005), and in leukocytes (r = .68, P less than .05). The area under the curve in leukocytes was higher with continuous infusion of 6 mg/m2 for 21 days compared with bolus injection of 80 mg/m2. This method of continuous infusion with @entity6 may be a way to increase intracellular drug-uptake as expressed by intracellular area under curve (AUC). We recommend 6 mg/m2/d for 3 weeks for evaluation of antitumor efficacy in phase II studies.

title: A phase I and pharmacokinetic study with 21-day continuous infusion of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 is a well recognized complication during microvascular surgery of the hand. In the search for new spasmolytic drug therapies, the effects of @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity10 and @entity8 on isolated @entity0 hand veins contracted by several postulated mediators of @entity6 were examined. Mechanical activity was recorded isometrically in ring segments of the vessels. @entity3 ions, @entity4 (NA), @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity9 (PGF2 alpha) all produced strong contractions that were highly dependent on the presence of extracellular @entity1 . @entity7 acted as a nonselective vasodilator, as it produced an almost identical inhibition of contractile responses to all examined stimulants. @entity5 inhibited contractions induced by agonists more than those evoked by K+, whereas the opposite was found for @entity10 . @entity5 also seemed to display a certain degree of selectivity among the agonist-induced responses (NA greater than PGF2 alpha greater than @entity2 ). @entity8 increased the contractile response to K+ and at high concentrations (greater than 10(-5) M) produced a contraction per se. The clinical efficacy of @entity8 as a vasodilator after topical application therefore seems to reflect an inhibitory action on vasoconstrictor nerves. @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity10 and @entity8 differ considerably in their profiles of action and therefore deserve to be further evaluated in the treatment of @entity6 during microvascular surgery.

title: Actions of some vasodilators on isolated XXXX hand veins.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Many indexes of damage have been used to quantify the @entity2 ( @entity1 ) paradox. We report here how different conclusions may be reached concerning the severity of the paradox when different indexes of damage are used. Hearts from 3- to 24-day-old and adult @entity0 were isolated, depleted of @entity1 for 5 min, and then @entity1 repleted. @entity3 loss, @entity1 gain, and ultrastructural changes were monitored. Our results indicate that with increasing age each of these parameters shows a progression toward the adult state. However, this progression does not proceed at the same rate for each parameter. There was very little release of @entity3 from hearts of @entity0 of less than 11 days old, but the amount released increased with increasing age. There appeared to be a direct relationship between the amount of @entity3 released and the proportion of extremely contracted cells with disrupted sarcolemma. However, hearts from @entity0 of all ages gained @entity1 , suggesting that @entity1 entry occurs via contracture-dependent and contracture-independent routes. Thus we are able to dissociate @entity1 gain from the development of contracted cells and @entity3 release at the youngest ages. Different conclusions could therefore be reached as to the severity of the @entity1 paradox at these youngest ages depending on which indexes of damage are documented.

title: Quantification of XXXX paradox in neonatal @entity0 hearts.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Many indexes of damage have been used to quantify the @entity2 ( @entity1 ) paradox. We report here how different conclusions may be reached concerning the severity of the paradox when different indexes of damage are used. Hearts from 3- to 24-day-old and adult @entity0 were isolated, depleted of @entity1 for 5 min, and then @entity1 repleted. @entity3 loss, @entity1 gain, and ultrastructural changes were monitored. Our results indicate that with increasing age each of these parameters shows a progression toward the adult state. However, this progression does not proceed at the same rate for each parameter. There was very little release of @entity3 from hearts of @entity0 of less than 11 days old, but the amount released increased with increasing age. There appeared to be a direct relationship between the amount of @entity3 released and the proportion of extremely contracted cells with disrupted sarcolemma. However, hearts from @entity0 of all ages gained @entity1 , suggesting that @entity1 entry occurs via contracture-dependent and contracture-independent routes. Thus we are able to dissociate @entity1 gain from the development of contracted cells and @entity3 release at the youngest ages. Different conclusions could therefore be reached as to the severity of the @entity1 paradox at these youngest ages depending on which indexes of damage are documented.

title: Quantification of @entity2 paradox in neonatal XXXX hearts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of a minimal-stimulation protocol with those of a standard protocol used for IVF. DESIGN: Retrospective, controlled study. SETTING: University center. @entity0 (S): Fifty-five @entity0 undergoing IVF using a minimal-stimulation protocol with or without adjuvant therapy with a GnRH antagonist. A control group consisted of age- and diagnosis-matched @entity0 undergoing a standard long GnRH agonist (GnRH-a)-gonadotropin stimulation during the same time period. INTERVENTION(S): @entity1 and gonadotropins, with or without the GnRH antagonist ganirelix. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Oocytes recovered and pregnancy rates. RESULT(S): The number of oocytes retrieved was significantly lower for the minimal-stimulation regimen compared with the case of the long GnRH-a protocol (4.8 +/- 2.6 vs. 16.2 +/- 7.5, respectively). The clinical pregnancy rate per transfer, however, was not significantly different between the two regimens (37% vs. 41%, minimal stimulation vs. long GnRH-a protocol, respectively). The addition of ganirelix resulted in at least the same pregnancy outcome as compared with the case of cycles without the antagonist. CONCLUSION(S): Minimal stimulation using @entity1 followed by gonadotropin for IVF results in pregnancy rates equal to the standard long GnRH-a-gonadotropin protocol. The addition of ganirelix resulted in at least similar results with the advantage of eliminating the occurrence of a premature endogenous LH surge.

title: Minimal ovarian hyperstimulation for in vitro fertilization using sequential XXXX and gonadotropin with or without the addition of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Clinical prognosis and treatment schedules of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are dependent on @entity3 stage. This explains the importance of an exact pretreatment staging of the primary @entity3 and lymph nodes especially in locally advanced @entity4 , to differentiate between resectable and non-resectable disease. To assess the lymph node status of the upper mediastinum, the diagnostic value of mediastinoscopy is accepted to be superior to radiological methods. In contrast, thoracoscopy is not yet established as a standard staging tool. @entity0 AND METHODS: Seventy-three consecutive @entity0 with CT-based suspicion of advanced @entity4 have been investigated as part of a phase II study on neoadjuvant treatment of @entity4 . All @entity0 underwent mediastinoscopy and mediastinal lymph node sampling. In the case of a negative result we performed additional thoracoscopy. RESULTS: In 52.1% (n = 38) of the @entity0 the invasive diagnostic methods led to results that were effectively different from those of the radiological findings. In 11 @entity0 (15.1%) CT-assessed lymph node @entity2 could invasively not be confirmed, whereas nine @entity0 (12.3%) had positive mediastinal lymph nodes but no corresponding CT signs (diameter <1 cm). The results were achieved by mediastinoscopy in 15 (20.5%) and by thoracoscopy in five (6.8.%) @entity0 . A radiologically unexpected T4 stage has been found in four (5.5%) and a M1 stage in four (5.5%) @entity0 by thoracoscopy. On the contrary, in seven @entity0 a suspected infiltration of mediastinum or parietal pleura could be thoracoscopically excluded. Four @entity0 have been in an unexpected high stage of @entity3 progression at the moment of diagnostic procedures and therefore have been included in palliative therapy schedules. Ten @entity0 have been 'overstaged' by radiological methods and benefited from a primarily curative resection after invasive staging. CONCLUSIONS: Of the 73 prospectively studied @entity0 with locally advanced @entity4 , 12 (16.4%) have been staged too low and 13 (17.8%) too high. If exclusively staged by radiological methods, about 34% of @entity1 have been classified incorrectly. Therefore, these tools are not a sufficient basis for diagnosis of @entity3 . Mediastinoscopy with consecutive thoracoscopy is an essential part of the therapeutic planning in locally advanced @entity4 , and results are significantly superior to clinical staging.

title: Invasive staging of XXXX --a prospective study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether long-term improvement could be observed after orbital radiotherapy for @entity4 ; in addition, to evaluate ancillary treatments needed for those who have received radiotherapy, to search for late-emerging adverse consequences of radiotherapy, and to relate orbital changes to serum levels of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI). DESIGN: Three-year follow-up of noncomparative interventional case series. @entity0 : Forty-two @entity0 . INTERVENTION: All @entity0 had received orbital radiotherapy within 6 months of study entry. Twelve months after study entry, @entity0 were free to select any additional treatment for their @entity5 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Need for surgery, @entity1 therapy, volume of extraocular muscles and fat, proptosis, area of @entity2 fields and range of extraocular muscle motion, volume changes after decompression and correlations of eye findings with serum TSI levels, retinal status. RESULTS: Half of the @entity0 elected to have a surgical procedure on their eyes or orbits. Among @entity0 who were not decompressed, we found only slight improvement in some of the main outcome measures. TSI did not positively correlate with baseline status or with any observed change in major outcome measures. After orbital decompression, the volumes of both muscle and fat increase, but bony orbital volume increases more and proptosis diminishes. @entity3 consistent with @entity3 developed de novo in five eyes of three @entity0 within 3 years of radiation therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In this 3-year uncontrolled follow-up phase, limited evidence for a clinically significant improvement was observed, which may be the result of treatment or of natural remission. In either case, the changes are of little clinical significance. Because it is neither effective nor innocuous, radiotherapy does not seem to be indicated for treatment of mild to moderate @entity5 .

title: The aftermath of orbital radiotherapy for graves' XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of lacrimal balloon catheter dilatation in treating @entity2 ( @entity2 ) as a primary procedure in @entity0 more than 18 months of age and in @entity0 who have failed lacrimal probing or @entity1 intubation. DESIGN: Retrospective, interventional case series. @entity0 : Fifty-nine @entity0 , ranging in age from 15 months to 9 years (mean, 35.6 months), with 73 lacrimal systems diagnosed with @entity2 who underwent nasolacrimal balloon catheter dilatation. Thirty-four lacrimal systems (46.5%) had no previous procedures, whereas 39 lacrimal systems (53.5%) had failed probing, @entity1 intubation, or both. INTERVENTION: Balloon catheter dilatation was performed following standard protocol, with a simplified regimen in most @entity0 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical patency of the nasolacrimal duct after balloon dilatation was the main outcome measure and was defined as complete resolution of signs and symptoms (crusting, discharge, and increased tear meniscus). Age, inferior turbinate infracture, and @entity3 as related to the main outcome measure were also analyzed. RESULTS: Overall, 56 of the 73 lacrimal systems (76.7%) had complete resolution of symptoms. Twenty-seven of all 34 primary balloon catheter dilatations (79.4%) remained clinically patent, whereas 29 of all 39 secondary balloon catheter dilatations (74.4%) remained clinically patent after surgery (P = 0.8165). Thirty-nine of 47 lacrimal systems (82.9%) in @entity0 older than 24 months remained clinically patent, whereas 17 of 26 lacrimal systems (65.4%) in @entity0 younger than 24 months remained clinically patent (P = 0.1573). The mean age of @entity0 with successful outcomes was 37 months, whereas the mean age of @entity0 with failed balloon catheter dilatations was 32 months (P = 0.3924). In the secondary procedure group, analysis showed that the mean age of success (32 months) was greater than the mean age of failure (18 months; P = 0.0491). Within the secondary group, 16 of 17 lacrimal systems (94.1%) older than 24 months were successful, whereas 13 of 22 lacrimal systems (59.1%) younger than 24 months were successful (P = 0.0344). CONCLUSIONS: Balloon catheter dilatation is an effective treatment for @entity2 . In particular, balloon catheter dilatation in older @entity0 who failed previous probing is highly successful.

title: Success of balloon catheter dilatation as a primary or secondary procedure for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether computer-assisted prescription writing reduces the frequency of prescription errors in the @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: A pre-post retrospective analysis was used to compare errors between handwritten (HW) and computer-assisted (CA) @entity1 prescriptions. Prescriptions were reviewed for pharmacist clarifications. A clarification was defined as an error if missing information, incorrect information, incorrect dose, non-formulary medication, or illegibility was the reason for clarification. The HW and @entity2 were compared using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). RESULTS: During the pre-intervention period, there were 7,036 @entity0 visits with 2,326 HW @entity1 prescriptions filled for 1,459 @entity0 . There were 91 clarifications, with a rate of 3.9%. There were 54 HW errors, for an error rate of 2.3%. During the post-intervention period, there were 7,845 @entity0 visits with 1,594 CA prescriptions filled for 1,056 @entity0 . There were 13 clarifications, with a clarification rate of 0.8%, and 11 errors, for a @entity2 .7%. The CA prescriptions were substantially less likely to contain an error [OR 0.31 (95% CI = 0.10 to 0.36)] or to require pharmacist clarification [OR 0.19 (95% CI = 0.10 to 0.36)] than were the HW prescriptions. CONCLUSIONS: Computer-assisted prescriptions were more than three times less likely to contain errors and five times less likely to require pharmacist clarification than handwritten prescriptions.

title: The effect of computer-assisted prescription writing on XXXX prescription errors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Calcineurin is a Ca(2+) and calmodulin-dependent protein phosphatase with diverse cellular functions. Here we examined the physical and functional interactions between calcineurin and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in a C2C12 cell line derived from @entity0 skeletal muscle. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed that the association between @entity1 and calcineurin exhibits a strong Ca(2+) dependence. This association involves a Ca(2+) dependent interaction between calcineurin and FK506-binding protein ( @entity3 ), an accessory subunit of @entity1 . Pretreatment with cyclosporin A, an inhibitor of calcineurin, enhanced the caffeine-induced Ca(2+) release (CICR) in C2C12 cells. This effect was similar to those of FK506 and rapamycin, two drugs known to cause dissociation of @entity3 from @entity1 . Overexpression of a constitutively active form of calcineurin in C2C12 cells, DeltaCnA(391-521) (deletion of the last 131 amino acids from calcineurin), resulted in a decrease in CICR. This decrease in CICR activity was partially recovered by pretreatment with cyclosporin A. Furthermore, overexpression of an endogenous @entity2 (cain) or an inactive form of calcineurin (DeltaCnA( @entity4 )) in C2C12 cells resulted in up-regulation of CICR. Taken together, our data suggest that a trimeric-interaction among calcineurin, @entity3 , and @entity1 is important for the regulation of the @entity1 channel activity and may play an important role in the Ca(2+) signaling of muscle contraction and relaxation.

title: Ca(2+)-dependent interaction between XXXX and calcineurin regulates activity of the Ca(2+) release channel in skeletal muscle.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Defects in the DNA repair system lead to genetic instability because replication errors are not corrected. This type of genetic instability is a key event in the malignant progression of HNPCC and a subset of sporadic @entity2 and mutation rates are particularly high at short repetitive sequences. Somatic deletions of coding mononucleotide repeats have been detected, for example, in the TGFbetaRII and BAX genes, and recently many novel target genes for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have been proposed. Novel target genes are likely to be discovered in the future. More data should be created on background mutation rates in @entity0 to evaluate mutation rates observed in the candidate target genes. METHODS: Mutation rates in 14 neutral intronic repeats were evaluated in @entity0 . Bioinformatic searches combined with keywords related to @entity0 and @entity0 suppressor or CRC related gene homology were used to find new candidate @entity1 target genes. By comparison of mutation frequencies observed in intronic mononucleotide repeats versus exonic coding repeats of potential @entity1 target genes, the significance of the exonic mutations was estimated. RESULTS: As expected, the length of an intronic mononucleotide repeat correlated positively with the number of slippages for both G/C and A/T repeats (p=0.0020 and p=0.0012, respectively). @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity3 associated @entity5 and other candidates were found in a bioinformatic search combined with keywords related to @entity0 . Sequencing showed a significantly increased mutation rate in the exonic A9 repeat of @entity5 (25/109=22.9%) as compared with similar intronic repeats (p< or =0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We propose a new candidate @entity1 target gene @entity5 to be evaluated in further studies.

title: Screening for XXXX target genes in colorectal cancers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The reovirus core particle is a molecular machine that mediates synthesis, capping, and export of the viral plus strand RNA transcripts. Its assembly and structure-function relationships remain to be well understood. Following the lead of previous studies with other Reoviridae family members, most notably orbiviruses and rotaviruses, we used recombinant baculoviruses to coexpress reovirus core proteins lambda1, lambda2, and sigma2 in insect cells. The resulting core-like particles ( @entity4 ) were purified and characterized. They were found to be similar to cores with regard to their sizes, morphologies, and protein compositions. Like cores, they could also be coated in vitro with the two major outer-capsid proteins, micro 1 and sigma3, to produce virion-like particles. Coexpression of core shell protein lambda1 and core nodule protein sigma2 was sufficient to yield @entity4 that could withstand purification, whereas expression of lambda1 alone was not, indicating a required role for sigma2 as a previous study also suggested. In addition, @entity4 that lacked lambda2 (formed from lambda1 and sigma2 only) could not be coated with micro 1 and sigma3, indicating a required role for lambda2 in the assembly of these outer-capsid proteins into particles. To extend the use of this system for understanding the core and its assembly, we addressed the hypothesis that the hydrophilic @entity1 -terminal region of lambda1, which adopts an extended arm-like conformation around each threefold @entity2 in the reovirus core crystal structure, plays an important role in assembling the core shell. Using a series of lambda1 deletion mutants, we showed that the @entity1 -terminal 230 residues of lambda1, including its @entity0 finger, are dispensable for @entity3 assembly. Residues in the 231-to-259 region of lambda1, however, were required. The core crystal structure suggests that residues in the 231-to-259 region are necessary because they affect the interaction of lambda1 with the threefold and/or fivefold copies of sigma2. An effective system for studies of reovirus core structure, assembly, and functions is hereby established.

title: The hydrophilic XXXX -terminal arm of reovirus core shell protein lambda1 is dispensable for particle assembly.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Cytosolic phospholipase A(2)-alpha ( @entity6 ) is a @entity2 -sensitive enzyme involved in receptor-mediated eicosanoid production. In resting cells, @entity6 is present in the cytosol and nucleus and translocates to membranes via its @entity2 -dependent lipid-binding (CaLB) domain following stimulation. @entity6 is also regulated by phosphorylation on several residues, which results in enhanced @entity4 release. Little is known about the factors controlling the nuclear localisation of @entity6 . Here the nuclear localisation of @entity6 in the EA.hy.926 @entity0 endothelial cell line was investigated. Nuclear localisation was dependent on proliferation, with subconfluent cells containing higher levels of nuclear @entity6 than contact-inhibited confluent or serum-starved cells. The broad-range protein kinase inhibitor @entity3 caused a decrease in the nuclear level of @entity6 , whereas the protein phosphatase inhibitor @entity8 increased the level of nuclear @entity6 . Using inhibitors for specific mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, both @entity7 /44(MAPK) and @entity5 (MAPK) were shown to be important in modulating nuclear localisation. Finally, inhibition of nuclear import and export using Agaricus bisporus lectin and @entity9 , respectively, demonstrated that @entity6 contains functional nuclear localisation and export signals. Thus we have identified a novel mode of regulation of @entity6 . This, together with the increasing body of evidence supporting the role of nuclear lipid second messengers in gene expression and proliferation, may have important implications for controlling the growth of endothelial cells in angiogenesis and @entity1 progression.

title: Nuclear localisation of cytosolic phospholipase A2-alpha in the EA.hy.926 XXXX endothelial cell line is proliferation dependent and modulated by phosphorylation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Engagement of the Fas receptor promotes apoptosis by activation of caspases. In addition, alterations in plasma membrane lipid orientation and intracellular ceramide levels are often observed. In A20 B-lymphoma cells, @entity0 -induced cell @entity2 and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization were completely prevented by the generic caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk. By contrast, the @entity3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-cho only partially restored cell viability and had no effect on surface exposure of PS. Flow cytometric analysis after @entity0 treatment identified two populations of dead cells. In one, @entity2 was dependent on @entity3 and paralleled by DNA fragmentation and cell shrinkage. In the second, @entity2 occurred in the absence of @entity3 activity and apoptotic features but was also blocked by zVAD-fmk. By morphological criteria these were identified as apoptotic and @entity1 cells, respectively. Using fluorescent substrates, @entity3 activity was detected only in the apoptotic cell population, whereas @entity4 activity was detected in both. Both forms of @entity4 -dependent cell @entity2 were also detected downstream of Fas in Jurkat T-cells, where Fas-dependent PS externalization and delayed ceramide production, which is similar to results shown here in A20 cells, have been reported. However, for Raji B-cells, lacking lipid scrambling and ceramide production in response to Fas activation, only apoptosis was detected. Short-chain C2- or C6-ceramides, but not the respective inactive dihydro compounds or treatment with bacterial sphingomyelinase, induced predominantly @entity1 rather than apoptotic cell @entity2 in A20 B-, Raji B- and Jurkat T-cells. Thus, delayed elevation of ceramide is proposed to promote @entity1 in those Fas-stimulated cells where @entity4 activation was insufficient to trigger @entity3 -dependent apoptosis.

title: Caspase-dependent initiation of apoptosis and @entity1 by the Fas receptor in lymphoid cells: onset of XXXX is associated with delayed ceramide increase.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Engagement of the Fas receptor promotes apoptosis by activation of caspases. In addition, alterations in plasma membrane lipid orientation and intracellular ceramide levels are often observed. In A20 B-lymphoma cells, @entity0 -induced cell @entity2 and phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization were completely prevented by the generic caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk. By contrast, the @entity3 inhibitor Ac-DEVD-cho only partially restored cell viability and had no effect on surface exposure of PS. Flow cytometric analysis after @entity0 treatment identified two populations of dead cells. In one, @entity2 was dependent on @entity3 and paralleled by DNA fragmentation and cell shrinkage. In the second, @entity2 occurred in the absence of @entity3 activity and apoptotic features but was also blocked by zVAD-fmk. By morphological criteria these were identified as apoptotic and @entity1 cells, respectively. Using fluorescent substrates, @entity3 activity was detected only in the apoptotic cell population, whereas @entity4 activity was detected in both. Both forms of @entity4 -dependent cell @entity2 were also detected downstream of Fas in Jurkat T-cells, where Fas-dependent PS externalization and delayed ceramide production, which is similar to results shown here in A20 cells, have been reported. However, for Raji B-cells, lacking lipid scrambling and ceramide production in response to Fas activation, only apoptosis was detected. Short-chain C2- or C6-ceramides, but not the respective inactive dihydro compounds or treatment with bacterial sphingomyelinase, induced predominantly @entity1 rather than apoptotic cell @entity2 in A20 B-, Raji B- and Jurkat T-cells. Thus, delayed elevation of ceramide is proposed to promote @entity1 in those Fas-stimulated cells where @entity4 activation was insufficient to trigger @entity3 -dependent apoptosis.

title: Caspase-dependent initiation of apoptosis and XXXX by the Fas receptor in lymphoid cells: onset of @entity1 is associated with delayed ceramide increase.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effect of starvation on urinary output and biochemical indices of renal function was investigated in @entity0 . Starvation resulted in a marked fall in water intake. Urinary output paradoxically increased during the first day following starvation, but fell dramatically thereafter. Urinary @entity2 excretion and @entity2 clearance fell markedly, but plasma @entity2 concentration did not alter. Plasma @entity3 concentration and urinary @entity3 excretion fell. Plasma @entity4 concentration increased, whilst plasma @entity1 concentration did not alter; urinary @entity4 and @entity1 excretion fell. Plasma @entity5 concentration fell marginally, but the anion gap increased to a greater extent. Following re-feeding, water intake and urine output increased, as did urinary @entity2 excretion and @entity2 clearance. Plasma @entity3 and urinary @entity3 concentrations, as well as @entity4 and @entity1 excretion, increased. Plasma @entity5 increased and the anion gap decreased. These indices improved within 2 days of re-feeding and were restored to normal in 5 days.

title: Effect of starvation on biochemical indices of renal function in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity11 is a malignancy of plasma cells and is characterized by increased marrow angiogenesis. @entity14 , an agent with antiangiogenic properties, is effective in relapsed @entity11 . We report the results of a study combining @entity14 and @entity4 as initial therapy for @entity11 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Fifty @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity11 were studied. @entity14 was given at a dose of 200 mg/d orally. @entity4 was given at a dose of 40 mg/d orally on days 1 to 4, 9 to 12, and 17 to 20 (odd cycles) and 40 mg/d on days 1 to 4 (even cycles), repeated monthly. RESULTS: Of all 50 @entity0 , a confirmed response was seen in 32 @entity0 yielding a response rate of 64% (95% confidence interval, 49% to 77%). Thirty-one @entity0 (62%) proceeded to stem-cell collection after four cycles of therapy including 26 who underwent stem-cell transplantation and five who chose stem-cell cryopreservation. Major grade 3 or 4 @entity1 were observed in 16 @entity0 (32%), and the most frequent were @entity8 (six @entity0 ), @entity7 (four @entity0 ), @entity13 (three @entity0 ), and @entity10 (two @entity0 ). Three @entity2 occurred during active therapy because of a @entity6 , @entity9 , and @entity3 . CONCLUSION: We conclude that the combination of @entity14 plus @entity4 is a feasible and active regimen in the treatment of @entity11 . It merits further study as an oral alternative to infusional chemotherapy with @entity12 , @entity5 , and @entity4 and other intravenous regimens currently used as pretransplantation induction therapy for @entity11 .

title: Combination therapy with XXXX plus @entity4 for newly diagnosed @entity11 .

answer: @entity14


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity11 is a malignancy of plasma cells and is characterized by increased marrow angiogenesis. @entity14 , an agent with antiangiogenic properties, is effective in relapsed @entity11 . We report the results of a study combining @entity14 and @entity4 as initial therapy for @entity11 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Fifty @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity11 were studied. @entity14 was given at a dose of 200 mg/d orally. @entity4 was given at a dose of 40 mg/d orally on days 1 to 4, 9 to 12, and 17 to 20 (odd cycles) and 40 mg/d on days 1 to 4 (even cycles), repeated monthly. RESULTS: Of all 50 @entity0 , a confirmed response was seen in 32 @entity0 yielding a response rate of 64% (95% confidence interval, 49% to 77%). Thirty-one @entity0 (62%) proceeded to stem-cell collection after four cycles of therapy including 26 who underwent stem-cell transplantation and five who chose stem-cell cryopreservation. Major grade 3 or 4 @entity1 were observed in 16 @entity0 (32%), and the most frequent were @entity8 (six @entity0 ), @entity7 (four @entity0 ), @entity13 (three @entity0 ), and @entity10 (two @entity0 ). Three @entity2 occurred during active therapy because of a @entity6 , @entity9 , and @entity3 . CONCLUSION: We conclude that the combination of @entity14 plus @entity4 is a feasible and active regimen in the treatment of @entity11 . It merits further study as an oral alternative to infusional chemotherapy with @entity12 , @entity5 , and @entity4 and other intravenous regimens currently used as pretransplantation induction therapy for @entity11 .

title: Combination therapy with @entity14 plus XXXX for newly diagnosed @entity11 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity11 is a malignancy of plasma cells and is characterized by increased marrow angiogenesis. @entity14 , an agent with antiangiogenic properties, is effective in relapsed @entity11 . We report the results of a study combining @entity14 and @entity4 as initial therapy for @entity11 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Fifty @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity11 were studied. @entity14 was given at a dose of 200 mg/d orally. @entity4 was given at a dose of 40 mg/d orally on days 1 to 4, 9 to 12, and 17 to 20 (odd cycles) and 40 mg/d on days 1 to 4 (even cycles), repeated monthly. RESULTS: Of all 50 @entity0 , a confirmed response was seen in 32 @entity0 yielding a response rate of 64% (95% confidence interval, 49% to 77%). Thirty-one @entity0 (62%) proceeded to stem-cell collection after four cycles of therapy including 26 who underwent stem-cell transplantation and five who chose stem-cell cryopreservation. Major grade 3 or 4 @entity1 were observed in 16 @entity0 (32%), and the most frequent were @entity8 (six @entity0 ), @entity7 (four @entity0 ), @entity13 (three @entity0 ), and @entity10 (two @entity0 ). Three @entity2 occurred during active therapy because of a @entity6 , @entity9 , and @entity3 . CONCLUSION: We conclude that the combination of @entity14 plus @entity4 is a feasible and active regimen in the treatment of @entity11 . It merits further study as an oral alternative to infusional chemotherapy with @entity12 , @entity5 , and @entity4 and other intravenous regimens currently used as pretransplantation induction therapy for @entity11 .

title: Combination therapy with @entity14 plus @entity4 for newly diagnosed XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate use of a short hook wire and suture system for preoperative localization of @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Percutaneous localization of 168 lesions was performed with computed tomographic (CT) guidance in 150 @entity0 . @entity0 were classified into three groups: a 3-year early-learning experience of treatment of 40 lesions mainly in one institution (group A1), a more recent 4-year experience of treatment of 88 lesions in the same institution (group A2), and the roughly synchronous recent 3-year experience of treatment of 40 lesions in a different hospital (group B). RESULTS: The hook wire was successfully placed without dislodgment in 146 @entity0 , accounting for 164 (97.6%) of 168 lesions. Group A2 showed a success rate of 100%. There was no difference in @entity0 among the three groups in regard to size of lesions or their distance from the pleural surface. In @entity0 in groups @entity5 , the proportion of nodules with ground-glass opacity and primary @entity1 at CT was significantly greater than that in @entity0 in group A1. In 168 placements, nonsymptomatic pneumothorax cases were observed in 54 (32.1%), @entity4 into the lung were observed in 25 (14.9%), and @entity4 into the pleural space was observed in one (0.6%). No @entity0 complained of notable @entity2 during or after the procedure, and no serious complication was experienced. Unsuccessful placement was caused by too shallow a puncture with the introducer needle. CONCLUSION: This system with a flexible suture for preoperative localization has a high success rate.

title: Preoperative localization of small XXXX with a short hook wire and suture system: experience with 168 procedures.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence, risk factors, management, and visual outcome of @entity1 in comparison with preexisting @entity5 in repeated corneal transplantation. METHODS: The charts of all the @entity0 who underwent repeated corneal transplantation between 1985 and 1998 were reviewed for the occurrence of preexisting and @entity1 . Eighty @entity0 underwent 122 repeated corneal transplantations, of which six underwent surgery in both eyes. The mean follow-up period from the primary keratoplasty was 89.5 months and the minimal follow-up period was at least 6 months after the last transplantation. RESULTS: @entity1 affected 29 eyes (34%) in 28 @entity0 (35%) with repeated corneal transplantation. Herpetic scar as an indication for transplantation and a history of previous immune graft rejection were more common in @entity0 who developed @entity1 compared with the entire regrafted group ( p= 0.016 and p< 0.001, respectively). The incidence of @entity5 usually increased with the increased number of keratoplasties. The following types of @entity5 were disclosed: closed angle (59%), @entity3 induced (21%), open angle (11%), angle recession (3%), aqueous misdirection (3%), and unknown cause (3%). Surgical intervention was required in 62%. @entity5 was controlled in nine eyes (31%) and resolved following regrafting or discontinuation of @entity4 in four eyes (14%), of which five (17%) had clear regrafts. Better intraocular pressure control was achieved in those cases that did not require surgical intervention ( p= 0.019). In 15 eyes (52%), regrafts failed due to uncontrolled @entity5 and/or other causes. At the end of the follow-up period, visual acuity was 20/30 to 20/200 in 17%, counting fingers from less than 20 ft in 31%, hand movement/light perception in 35%, and no light perception in 17%. Six of the 86 eyes (7%) in six @entity0 (7.5%) had preexisting @entity5 . Graft clarity and @entity5 control in @entity0 with preexisting @entity5 were similar to those of @entity5 (50% had controlled @entity5 and 33% had clear regraft). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 , either preexisting or postoperative, is one of the most devastating complications of repeated corneal transplantation and the cause for regraft failure and @entity2 even when intensively treated. Close monitoring and early targeted therapy are warranted to increase the survival of repeated corneal transplants in eyes affected by @entity5 .

title: Preexisting and XXXX in repeated corneal transplantation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Molecular biology studies have led to the identification of two different types of @entity1 . The first group, called LOH (for loss of heterozygosity), represents 80% of @entity1 and is characterised by aneuploidy, allelic losses and a location in the distal colon. The second group displays phenotypic microsatellite instability ( @entity0 ), has a near-diploid karyotype and a relatively low frequency of allelic losses. It accounts for 15% of all @entity1 and for about 30% of right-sided @entity0 . Four different pathways have been identified as responsible for @entity0 progression: the WNT/Wingless, the @entity4 , the Transforming growth factor (TGF) and the @entity3 pathways. The involvement of these pathways depends on the @entity0 type. In @entity0 , the WNT/Wingless pathway is activated through an APC mutation, whereas @entity0 do so through a catenin stabilising mutation. The TGFb growth inhibitory pathway is altered either by mutations in the signal transduction molecules @entity7 and @entity5 in LOH positive @entity0 or by mutations of TGFbRII in @entity0 . In the @entity3 pathway, mutations in @entity2 may contribute to the @entity6 transition just as @entity3 mutations may do in LOH positive @entity0 . Until now, @entity0 phenotype determination has had no clinical implications. However, the predictive value of the MSI status was recently stressed as a predictive factor for response to chemotherapy. Immunohistochemistry could represent a complementary strategy to molecular biology in assessing MSI status. This simple test would allow to screen all @entity1 for MSI status, which would provide valuable management information in addition to the histological assessment for @entity0 stage and grade.

title: [Genetic pathways in XXXX : interest for the pathologist].

answer: @entity1


abstract: More than 60% of the @entity0 in both groups suffered from @entity11 ( @entity11 ) symptoms, such as @entity3 , @entity12 , @entity2 , @entity5 and @entity4 , whereas a smaller number of @entity0 suffered from @entity7 , @entity1 and @entity10 . There were three @entity0 from the first group and seven @entity0 from the second group who continued the medication treatment with @entity13 , whereas one @entity0 from the first group and nine @entity0 from the second group continued to take @entity6 . In the first group, nine @entity0 stopped having @entity11 symptoms after two AP treatments, eight @entity0 stopped having them after three treatments and one @entity0 stopped having them after four treatments. In four @entity0 from the first group and 16 @entity0 from the second group, @entity11 symptoms appeared during the following period (cycle) or continued even after four treatments, so the medication was continued. In the first group, one @entity0 had a smaller subcutaneous @entity9 after the AP acupoint @entity8 6. There was a statistical and relevant reduction in @entity11 symptoms with the AP treatments in the first group (P<0.001), whereas their reduction was irrelevant in the placebo AP group (P>0.05). The success rate of AP in treating @entity11 symptoms was 77.8%, whereas it was 5.9%. in the placebo group. The positive influence of AP in treating @entity11 symptoms can be ascribed to its effects on the serotoninergic and opioidergic neurotransmission that modulates various psychosomatic functions. The initial positive results of @entity11 symptoms with a holistic approach are encouraging and AP should be suggested to the @entity0 as a method of treatment.

title: Using acupuncture to treat XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: Effects of preoperative chemotherapy with three courses of a combination of @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity10 , @entity3 , and @entity6 , with a leucovorin rescue, followed by surgery were studied in 43 @entity0 with @entity5 of the oral region. Before chemotherapy 34 @entity0 (79%) had @entity1 whereas nine @entity0 had @entity2 . The clinical response was very encouraging: 20 @entity0 (46%) achieved a clinical complete response and 23 @entity0 (54%) were judged as partial responders. Side effects of this chemotherapy were minimal and reversible. Between 15 and 22 days after the last course of chemotherapy @entity0 went to surgery. @entity4 did not occur. The surgical specimens were tested microscopically. The microphotographs showed small @entity1 rests with @entity9 bordered by @entity11 and separated from the healthy tissues. With a median follow-up of 36 months (range, 21-58 months) 74% of @entity0 are alive and 70% remain disease-free. Eleven @entity0 died but only five (11%) because of the failure of therapy. This combined therapy appears both safe and promising treatment for advanced @entity5 of the oral cavity. A further follow-up study needed to confirm the promising 5-year results.

title: A combined treatment for advanced oral XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: As more and more nations are scrutinizing their health care costs, attention has been focused on high-cost low-density disease. Assessment of actual total cost of care for @entity1 and its positive outcome becomes essential to justify support for these @entity0 . In this study, we assessed hospital cost and diagnosis-related group (DRG) reimbursement for @entity0 undergoing elective orthopaedic surgical procedures from May 1999 to December 1999. Hospital cost was assessed by a prospective microcost-analysis method. To identify real hospital costs, we performed registration of preoperative phase, operative phase and 1-year follow-up costs. Hospital cost included personnel costs and costs for clinical and laboratory procedures, blood products, prosthetic implants, coagulation factor concentrates and drugs. These data were compared with hospital DRG reimbursement. We included nine consecutive @entity0 , with a mean age 38 years (19-54 years) who had had 10 major orthopaedic surgical procedures performed during the study period. Six @entity0 had @entity1 , two had @entity3 and one had @entity4 . Data analysis showed a mean cost of US  54,201 (range US  25,795-105,479; 1US  = 8.5 @entity5 ). The average actual hospital revenue (50% DRG reimbursement + income related to length of stay) was  4,730 (range   1,308-13,601). Our study confirms that orthopaedic surgery in @entity0 with severe @entity2 puts the hospital to a considerable expense. Activity-based financing, as used in Norway, does not provide a proper reimbursement for this part of the @entity1 care.

title: Orthopaedic surgery in severe XXXX : a low-volume, high-cost procedure.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity3 and @entity5 the lack of melanin in the epidermis is due to the fact that melanocytes are missing. The @entity0 suffer psychologically and the white areas have lost the part of the skin barrier protection normally provided by the melanocytes. Medical treatments are ineffective in many of the @entity0 , and surgical methods have therefore been developed. OBJECTIVES: It is important to investigate the long-term results and factors that might influence the outcome of melanocyte transplantations in order to form a basis for guidance in the selection of @entity0 who will benefit most from the treatments. METHODS: A follow-up of 132 @entity0 who had been treated by transplantation on 176 occasions in total, 1-7 years previously, was carried out by questionnaires and clinical examinations. We investigated the responses in five types of leucoderma to three different transplantation methods: autologous cultured melanocytes, ultrathin epidermal sheets and basal layer cell suspension. RESULTS: Stable types of leucoderma, i.e. segmental @entity3 and @entity5 , responded in most cases with 100% repigmentation, regardless of the surgical method used. For these types of leucoderma surgery seems to be the method of choice. The largest group, @entity3 , was thoroughly scrutinized and three statistical models were used to analyse the data. The ultrathin epidermal sheet method gave somewhat better overall results, but was the method that gave the worst outcome in knee and elbow areas, emphasizing the importance of the right choice of method depending on the anatomical location to be treated. Irrespective of the method, fingers and elbows were the most difficult areas to repigment. The trunk and the arms and legs (not including elbows and knees) responded best. @entity0 with increasing and/or extensive @entity3 more often showed incomplete repigmentation. They also had a lower chance of retaining their repigmentation compared with those with less extensive @entity3 . @entity0 in whom untreated white lesions had increased in recent years tended to respond less well to transplantation compared with @entity0 with unchanged or decreased lesions. Within the @entity3 group, @entity0 with @entity1 duration or with small total @entity3 area responded best to transplantation. The subgroup of @entity3 @entity0 with @entity2 tend to respond less well to the transplantation and they were generally older at @entity3 onset. This information is of great importance for the selection of @entity0 and when informing about the chances of improvement after transplantation. @entity4 was common, especially when ultrathin epidermal sheets had been used. No scars or indurations were seen in treated areas. CONCLUSIONS: Transplantations are the methods of choice in stable types of leucoderma. Progressive, widespread @entity3 should never be selected for transplantation.

title: Long-term follow-up of leucoderma XXXX treated with transplants of autologous cultured melanocytes, ultrathin epidermal sheets and basal cell layer suspension.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cutaneous manifestations are the most frequent, and often the initial feature of extra-articular involvement in @entity0 with @entity17 . OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the clinical and histological spectrum of @entity6 and the associated systemic involvement in @entity0 with @entity17 . METHODS: Among 525 @entity0 with @entity3 , 20 tissue specimens with histologically proven @entity6 from 11 @entity0 were investigated by studying the types and levels of affected vessels and related clinical features. RESULTS: Small-vessel @entity6 identified as dermal necrotizing venulitis was found in 10 @entity0 , clinically characterized by palpable @entity11 , @entity13 , @entity8 diutinum and @entity4 . @entity9 histologically resembling @entity15 , clinically characterized by subcutaneous nodules, @entity16 , @entity2 and deep @entity5 was identified in four @entity0 all with systemic complications. Coexistence of venulitis and @entity9 was identified in three @entity0 . Different cutaneous vasculitic manifestations often coexisted and recurred in the same @entity0 . Three @entity0 with systemic complications of @entity12 multiplex (two of three), @entity10 (two of three) and @entity7 (one of three) died within 1 year of onset of the @entity6 . Immunofluorescence demonstrated vessel wall deposition of IgM and/or complement in six of the seven @entity0 examined. CONCLUSIONS: Features of cutaneous @entity17 overlapping both the characteristics of @entity1 and @entity15 together with coexistence of these different type of @entity6 in the same or different lesional skin account for the associated diverse cutaneous vasculitic manifestations. Although @entity14 ( @entity6 ) was the most common presentation, the presence of @entity6 in @entity3 @entity0 did not necessarily indicate a favourable prognosis. Associations with @entity12 multiplex and bowel involvement had a fatal prognosis, while @entity0 with superficial @entity14 without other extra-articular involvement may follow a favourable prognosis.

title: Clinical and histopathological spectrum of @entity6 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3