abstract: The consequences of pregnancy, abortion or tubal ligature were studied in 11 @entity0 with the @entity7 . Seventeen cases of pregnancy and 7 tubal ligatures were reviewed. In the 4 pregnancies continued of term and preceded by cardiac catheterisation, there were two maternal @entity2 on the 2nd and 7th day of the postpartum period due to @entity6 confirmed in one case and suspected in the other. A third pregnancy was complicated by @entity5 and one case of tubal ligature was complicated by non-fatal @entity6 . These cases were compared with previous reports in the literature to form a total of 42 cases of pregnancy in @entity0 with the @entity7 . The pregnancies were characterised by aggravation of dyspnoea and @entity4 in 72.4 p. cent of cases, by documented @entity6 in 7 cases and by toxaemia of pregnancy in 26 p. cent of cases. The global mortality was 36 p. cent and all @entity2 but one occurred between the time of labour and the 11th postpartum day. Micro @entity3 were the commonest cause of @entity2 . Two mechanisms seem to combine to aggravate the cardiac status at the end of pregnancy and during the initial postpartum period: increased right-to-left shunt due to a rise in pulmonary resistances, due particularly to changes in coagulability favored by pregnancy; increased right-to-left shunt due to a decrease in systemic vascular resistances. A number of poor prognostic factors were identified: decreased @entity1 saturation in arterial blood and toxaemia of pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [ XXXX and pregnancy].

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity0 promoter TPA (1-100 nM) has previously been shown to induce a striking alteration of protein kinase C catalytic properties in target cells (C. Cochet et al., 1986, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 134, 1031-1037). This alteration contributes to the apparent loss of cellular protein kinase C, secondary to TPA treatment, when the enzyme is probed by its phospholipid-dependent histone kinase activity. This effect was observed as well when @entity1 -1 cells were treated by other @entity0 promoters such as @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity7 and @entity6 , whereas inactive @entity2 structures were ineffective. On the other hand, @entity3 did not induce that effect. This protein kinase C alteration was shown to occur at the cellular membrane level. It is suggested that membrane translocation and activation of protein kinase C induced by potent @entity0 promoter structures are not functionally equivalent to that secondary to physiological stimuli. Although the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remains to be understood at the molecular level, it may be of significance in the process of @entity0 promotion.

title: XXXX -induced alteration of protein kinase C catalytic properties occurs at the membrane level and is not reproduced by physiological stimuli.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 are traditionally viewed as an outcome of a chaotic situation in which an individual's immune system reacts against the body's own proteins. In @entity1 , a @entity3 (CNS), the immune attack is directed against myelin proteins. In this article, the authors propose a paradigm shift in the perception of @entity5 . They suggest that an @entity5 may be viewed as a by-product of the malfunctioning of a physiological autoimmune response whose purpose is protective. The proposed view is based on observations by their group suggesting that an autoimmune response is the body's own mechanism for coping with CNS damage. According to this view, all individuals are endowed with the potential ability to evoke an autoimmune response to CNS @entity2 . However, the inherent ability to control this response so that its beneficial effect will be expressed is limited and is correlated with the individual's inherent ability to resist @entity5 induction. The same @entity5 cells are responsible for neuroprotection and for disease development. In @entity0 with CNS @entity2 or @entity4 , it might be possible to gain maximal autoimmune protection and avoid @entity5 induction by boosting the immune response, using myelin-associated peptides that are nonpathogenic or antigens that simulate the activities of such peptides. In @entity0 with @entity1 and other @entity4 , where the aim is to block the @entity5 while deriving the potential benefit of the autoimmune response, the effect of treatment should be immunomodulatory rather than immunosuppressive. In this article, the authors present a novel concept of protective autoimmunity and propose that @entity5 is a by-product of failure to sustain it. They summarize the basic findings that led them to formulate the new concept and offer an explanation for the commonly observed presence of cells and antibodies directed against self-components in healthy individuals. The therapeutic implications of the new concept and their experimental findings are discussed.

title: XXXX as a by-product of the failure to sustain protective autoimmunity: a paradigm shift.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is sufficiently prevalent to be seen and treated by primary care physicians. The diagnosis of @entity2 is most often confirmed from nail specimens by microscopy and fungal culture done at a central laboratory; these are relatively expensive tests with a turnaround time of a month or more. This study was conducted (1) to evaluate the use of in-office dermatophyte test medium (DTM) culture, and (2) to determine the epidemiology of @entity2 in a large, nationwide sample of @entity0 who were not @entity0 in a clinical trial. METHODS: A nationwide sample of primary care physicians and podiatrists enrolled 670 @entity0 with clinical signs of @entity2 . Dermatophyte test medium cultures were performed in the office and the results were compared with fungal cultures performed by a central laboratory. RESULTS: Central laboratory fungal cultures were positive in 44% (n = 297) of @entity0 and DTM cultures in 51% (n = 345). Dermatophytes accounted for 93% of the confirmed infections and nondermatophyte molds the rest. In the 617 @entity0 with paired dermatophyte test medium and laboratory fungal culture results, the 2 tests were in agreement (both positive or both negative) in 68% of cases (kappa, 0.37; asymptotic SE, 0.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.299-0.441). CONCLUSIONS: A DTM culture is a relatively rapid, easy, and inexpensive method to confirm @entity1 in @entity0 with signs of @entity2 in the primary care setting. Because the available drugs for treating @entity2 are effective against all dermatophyte species, the confirmation of dermatophyte infection, without further identification of genus and species, is sufficient evidence to begin treatment.

title: Office practice-based confirmation of XXXX : a US nationwide prospective survey.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the possibility of disease transmission through liberated plume from virally infected tissue that is exposed to the @entity3 laser. DESIGN: @entity2 papillomavirus-induced cutaneous fibropapillomas were exposed to the @entity3 laser. Laser settings were within the range of clinically used settings. The laser plume (aerosol) was suctioned and collected and then reinoculated onto the skin of @entity2 . SETTING: University laboratory research center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Laser plume viral content and postinoculation @entity1 growth were analyzed and documented. RESULTS: Collected laser plume contained papillomavirus DNA in all tested laser settings. The viral DNA was most likely encapsulated. Tumors developed at laser plume-inoculated sites for all laser parameter settings. Histological and biochemical analyses revealed that these @entity1 were infected with the same virus type as present in the laser plume. CONCLUSIONS: Laser plume has been shown, for the first time to our knowledge, to actually transmit disease. Strict care must be maintained by the laser practitioner to minimize potential health risks, especially when treating @entity4 or @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: XXXX transmitted by laser-generated plume (aerosol).

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Involvement of the optic nerve is a rare complication of @entity3 . OBJECTIVES: To report a case of bilateral @entity5 complicating a @entity3 and to review 5 previously reported cases. DESIGN: Case report and literature review. SETTING: Tertiary hospital. @entity0 : A 7-year-old @entity0 had @entity4 due to bilateral @entity5 . Approximately 3 weeks prior to the initial examination, she developed a self-limited @entity2 with @entity1 and subsequent @entity6 . RESULTS: Mumps was determined to be the underlying cause of the @entity6 and bilateral @entity7 because of the exposure history in this nonvaccinated @entity0 , the typical clinical signs and symptoms, and the positive serologic test results. Recovery of visual function was gradual but nearly complete. CONCLUSIONS: Physicians should be aware that optic nerve involvement may be a manifestation of @entity3 . The delayed onset of @entity7 , the bilateral involvement, and the near complete recovery suggest an immune-mediated pathogenesis.

title: XXXX associated with mumps.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Transfusion affects the immune response to renal transplantation and may be associated with recurrence of various @entity0 @entity1 . Data from @entity0 with @entity3 showed an association between transfusion of any amount of whole blood or larger amounts of red blood cells at the time of surgery and later recurrence of @entity1 . Recipients of one unit of whole blood had a significantly higher incidence of recurrence (45%) than recipients of a single unit of red cells (12%) (p = 0.03). Recipients of two units of whole blood also had a higher rate of recurrence (52%) than those receiving two units of red cells (23%) (p = 0.03). Recipients of any amount of whole blood had similar recurrence rates (38-52%). Recipients of four or more units of red blood cells had a higher rate of recurrence (55%) than those receiving three or fewer units of red blood cells (20%) (p = 0.005). Mortality due to @entity1 in @entity0 receiving three or fewer units of red blood cells (2%) was similar to that in @entity0 who did not have transfusions (7%) and significantly lower than that observed in @entity0 receiving three or fewer units of whole blood (20%) (p = 0.003). A proportional hazards risk analysis showed that transfusion of any whole blood or more than three units of red blood cells was significantly associated with earlier recurrence and @entity2 due to @entity1 . These data support an association between transfusion and recurrence of @entity1 . They also suggest that some factor present in greater amounts in whole blood, such as plasma, may contribute to the increased risk of recurrence in @entity0 who have undergone transfusion. Until the questions raised by retrospective studies of @entity1 recurrence and transfusion can be answered by prospective interventional trials with washed red blood cells, red blood cells should be transfused to @entity0 with @entity1 in preference to whole blood when clinically feasible.

title: Association between transfusion of whole blood and recurrence of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: We identified factors predictive of outcome for recurrent @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity0 with local (LR), regional (RRec), and/or distant recurrence (DR) of 431 recurrent DTCs were studied. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) rate was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate comparisons were conducted by log-rank and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 13 years. Distribution of the first relapse was LR only (35%), LR and RRec (23%), LR and DR (30%), and LR, RRec, and DR (12%). Factors predictive of resectability were a long (>or=5-year) disease-free interval (DFI) and subclinical and thyroid remnant recurrence. Only 26% of symptomatic and 45% of thyroid bed LR, and 43% with DFI <5 years, could be resected completely. No isolated thyroid remnant and 75% of thyroid bed LR resulted in @entity1 -related mortality. Age <45 years, subclinical recurrence, isolated LR, and the ability to render the @entity0 disease free independently predicted @entity2 . Fifteen-year @entity2 for LR only; LR and RRec; LR and DR; and LR, RRec, and DR were 49%, 28%, 15%, and 0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated thyroid remnant recurrence defines a benign phenotype. Age, method of detection, site and extent of recurrence, and the ability to render the @entity0 disease free predict outcome for recurrent @entity3 . Multimodality long-term follow-up is warranted to detect recurrence at a subclinical potentially curative stage.

title: Recurrent XXXX : biological implications of age, method of detection, and site and extent of recurrence.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Primary skin fibroblast cell lines from @entity0 with @entity5 were cotransfected with UV-irradiated pSV2neo plasmids and high molecular weight DNA from normal @entity0 cells. Restoration of a normal cellular resistance to @entity2 ( @entity3 ) was observed provided that a @entity5 cell line is selected for DNA-mediated transformation (neo gene) and that at least two successive rounds of transfection are performed. Cells were selected by taking advantage of the higher proliferation rate and plating efficiency of the @entity3 resistant transformants. As estimated from reconstruction experiments, the frequency of transfer of @entity3 resistance lies between 1 and 30 X 10(-7). The @entity3 resistance phenotype was maintained for at least 10 generations following transfection. Evidence for DNA-mediated transformation also includes the recovery of a normal pattern of DNA semiconservative synthesis after treatment with @entity4 and 365-nm UV irradiation, and the presence of exogenous pSV2neo DNA sequences was shown by Southern blot analysis. The acquired @entity3 resistance is probably due to the presence of DNA from normal cells. Indeed, sensitivity to @entity3 was maintained when @entity5 cells were cotransfected with the UV-irradiated pSV2neo plasmid mixed with their own DNA or with @entity1 or salmon sperm DNA. These negative results also render unlikely the selection of spontaneous @entity3 resistant revertants in transfection of @entity5 cells with normal DNA. These experiments establish the prerequisites for the isolation of the gene(s) involved in the response to DNA crosslinking lesions in @entity0 cells.

title: Abnormal response to DNA crosslinking agents of XXXX fibroblasts can be corrected by transfection with normal @entity0 DNA.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Primary skin fibroblast cell lines from @entity0 with @entity5 were cotransfected with UV-irradiated pSV2neo plasmids and high molecular weight DNA from normal @entity0 cells. Restoration of a normal cellular resistance to @entity2 ( @entity3 ) was observed provided that a @entity5 cell line is selected for DNA-mediated transformation (neo gene) and that at least two successive rounds of transfection are performed. Cells were selected by taking advantage of the higher proliferation rate and plating efficiency of the @entity3 resistant transformants. As estimated from reconstruction experiments, the frequency of transfer of @entity3 resistance lies between 1 and 30 X 10(-7). The @entity3 resistance phenotype was maintained for at least 10 generations following transfection. Evidence for DNA-mediated transformation also includes the recovery of a normal pattern of DNA semiconservative synthesis after treatment with @entity4 and 365-nm UV irradiation, and the presence of exogenous pSV2neo DNA sequences was shown by Southern blot analysis. The acquired @entity3 resistance is probably due to the presence of DNA from normal cells. Indeed, sensitivity to @entity3 was maintained when @entity5 cells were cotransfected with the UV-irradiated pSV2neo plasmid mixed with their own DNA or with @entity1 or salmon sperm DNA. These negative results also render unlikely the selection of spontaneous @entity3 resistant revertants in transfection of @entity5 cells with normal DNA. These experiments establish the prerequisites for the isolation of the gene(s) involved in the response to DNA crosslinking lesions in @entity0 cells.

title: Abnormal response to DNA crosslinking agents of @entity5 fibroblasts can be corrected by transfection with normal XXXX DNA.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate VAP combination chemotherapy in @entity0 : @entity12 80 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-5, @entity5 40 mg/m2 and @entity11 1.4 mg/m2 1st day in cycles of 3 weeks. Twenty-one @entity1 entered the study and 19 were evaluable. The mean age was 54.5 years (25-69) with an average performance status of 60 according to Karnofsky. Hormonal receptors were unknown in 10, positive in 6 and negative in 3. The dominant site of disease was soft tissues in 11, bones in 1, liver in 3 and lung in 4. Fourteen @entity1 had as prior treatment @entity6 , @entity9 and @entity8 (CMF), two had @entity4 and three none. Ten @entity1 (52.6%) had a partial response with a mean survival of 7.8+ months, 5 @entity1 (26.3%) had stable disease with a mean survival 6.6+ months and 4 @entity1 (21.1%) had progressive disease with a mean survival of 3 months. Regarding @entity2 all @entity1 had @entity10 , most of the @entity1 had @entity3 grade I, whereas 5 @entity1 developed mild @entity7 . We conclude that VAP is an effective, well tolerated chemotherapy combination in @entity1 with @entity0 which deserves further clinical trials.

title: Combination chemotherapy with @entity12 , XXXX , @entity11 (VAP) in @entity0 . A phase II study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate VAP combination chemotherapy in @entity0 : @entity12 80 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-5, @entity5 40 mg/m2 and @entity11 1.4 mg/m2 1st day in cycles of 3 weeks. Twenty-one @entity1 entered the study and 19 were evaluable. The mean age was 54.5 years (25-69) with an average performance status of 60 according to Karnofsky. Hormonal receptors were unknown in 10, positive in 6 and negative in 3. The dominant site of disease was soft tissues in 11, bones in 1, liver in 3 and lung in 4. Fourteen @entity1 had as prior treatment @entity6 , @entity9 and @entity8 (CMF), two had @entity4 and three none. Ten @entity1 (52.6%) had a partial response with a mean survival of 7.8+ months, 5 @entity1 (26.3%) had stable disease with a mean survival 6.6+ months and 4 @entity1 (21.1%) had progressive disease with a mean survival of 3 months. Regarding @entity2 all @entity1 had @entity10 , most of the @entity1 had @entity3 grade I, whereas 5 @entity1 developed mild @entity7 . We conclude that VAP is an effective, well tolerated chemotherapy combination in @entity1 with @entity0 which deserves further clinical trials.

title: Combination chemotherapy with @entity12 , @entity5 , @entity11 (VAP) in XXXX . A phase II study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate VAP combination chemotherapy in @entity0 : @entity12 80 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-5, @entity5 40 mg/m2 and @entity11 1.4 mg/m2 1st day in cycles of 3 weeks. Twenty-one @entity1 entered the study and 19 were evaluable. The mean age was 54.5 years (25-69) with an average performance status of 60 according to Karnofsky. Hormonal receptors were unknown in 10, positive in 6 and negative in 3. The dominant site of disease was soft tissues in 11, bones in 1, liver in 3 and lung in 4. Fourteen @entity1 had as prior treatment @entity6 , @entity9 and @entity8 (CMF), two had @entity4 and three none. Ten @entity1 (52.6%) had a partial response with a mean survival of 7.8+ months, 5 @entity1 (26.3%) had stable disease with a mean survival 6.6+ months and 4 @entity1 (21.1%) had progressive disease with a mean survival of 3 months. Regarding @entity2 all @entity1 had @entity10 , most of the @entity1 had @entity3 grade I, whereas 5 @entity1 developed mild @entity7 . We conclude that VAP is an effective, well tolerated chemotherapy combination in @entity1 with @entity0 which deserves further clinical trials.

title: Combination chemotherapy with @entity12 , @entity5 , XXXX (VAP) in @entity0 . A phase II study.

answer: @entity11


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate VAP combination chemotherapy in @entity0 : @entity12 80 mg/m2 p.o. days 1-5, @entity5 40 mg/m2 and @entity11 1.4 mg/m2 1st day in cycles of 3 weeks. Twenty-one @entity1 entered the study and 19 were evaluable. The mean age was 54.5 years (25-69) with an average performance status of 60 according to Karnofsky. Hormonal receptors were unknown in 10, positive in 6 and negative in 3. The dominant site of disease was soft tissues in 11, bones in 1, liver in 3 and lung in 4. Fourteen @entity1 had as prior treatment @entity6 , @entity9 and @entity8 (CMF), two had @entity4 and three none. Ten @entity1 (52.6%) had a partial response with a mean survival of 7.8+ months, 5 @entity1 (26.3%) had stable disease with a mean survival 6.6+ months and 4 @entity1 (21.1%) had progressive disease with a mean survival of 3 months. Regarding @entity2 all @entity1 had @entity10 , most of the @entity1 had @entity3 grade I, whereas 5 @entity1 developed mild @entity7 . We conclude that VAP is an effective, well tolerated chemotherapy combination in @entity1 with @entity0 which deserves further clinical trials.

title: Combination chemotherapy with XXXX , @entity5 , @entity11 (VAP) in @entity0 . A phase II study.

answer: @entity12


abstract: @entity0 with @entity9 , or @entity8 have been conventionally diagnosed and treated from only the viewpoint of peripheral arterial circulation. These concepts may have improved the quality of life for @entity0 , but could not contribute the prognosis of life, because @entity8 is associated with an increased risk of the @entity4 and @entity2 . @entity6 , the most common symptom of @entity8 , results from flow-reducing lesions in the arteries of the lower extremity that cause exercise-induced @entity1 . In order to evaluate @entity6 , many kinds of noninvasive diagnostic studies, including ABPI (ankle brachial pressure index) and the measurement of claudication distance, et al have been proposed. We have used the recovery time of the ischemic reaction at foot sole, plethysmography, thermography, laser doppler flowmetry, or @entity10 ( @entity10 ) after walking test, rather than ABPI. These examinations will be superior to ABPI to evaluate effects after ergotherapy or pharmacotherapy for @entity0 with @entity6 . Carotid @entity5 may be a good marker of systemic @entity7 . By our assessment of risk factors, the progression of @entity7 change in carotid artery was strongly correlated with two risk factors, such as smoking and systolic blood pressure. In the @entity3 analysis, Lp (a) was only high risk factor for @entity7 change of carotid artery. Recent technical advances, adequate evaluation of systemic @entity7 , and reduction of risk factors should improve the prognosis of @entity0 with @entity8 .

title: [Pathophysiology and diagnosis for XXXX ].

answer: @entity9


abstract: Orthotopic liver transplantation was performed on a 23-year-old female with hereditary tyrosinaemia. The disorder was diagnosed at 7 years of age due to severe @entity13 , and the @entity0 was treated with a diet restricted in @entity7 and @entity6 . Nineteen months before the transplantation she had an acute episode of diffuse @entity3 due to portal @entity2 . Three subsequent @entity5 episodes with accompanying @entity8 and signs of @entity1 were considered life-threatening. Nine months after the liver transplantation the @entity0 is well, but serum transaminases are slightly elevated. Without dietary restrictions serum @entity6 and inorganic @entity9 are normalized, no @entity14 can be detected in serum, and urinary excretion of @entity15 and p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate is normal. Excretion of @entity10 , @entity4 and @entity11 decreased significantly after the transplantation but is still elevated. The @entity14 concentration in urine is about 20% of the preoperative level. After an oral @entity6 load, @entity14 excretion increased sevenfold but no deterioration of the renal tubular function was observed and no @entity6 metabolites were detectable in serum. The findings indicate that the defective @entity6 metabolism occurs in the kidneys, but does not produce @entity12 . The residual @entity12 of the @entity0 is probably due to irreversible damage of the tubular epithelium.

title: Liver transplantation in a 23-year-old tyrosinaemia XXXX : effects on the renal tubular dysfunction.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A method has been developed for discovering of antibody covered bacteria in the urine by means of a coagglutination test with a protein A containing strain--St. aureus Cowan's I. The test is based on the ability of staphylococcal protein A to bind Fc-fragment of IgG. As a specificity control St. aureus Wood 46 was used. 38 @entity0 with @entity4 were examined. As pyelonephritic criteria the following were considered: febrile episodes, @entity1 , @entity7 , pollakiuria, leukocyturia, @entity6 , raised arterial pressure, @entity5 , @entity2 or @entity2 , x-ray, ultrasound and isotopic-nephrographic changes. In the presence of antibody covered bacteria the test is positive--there is coagglutination only with st. aureus Cowan's I. If the bacteria are not antibody coated no coagglutination takes place. If there is coagglutination with both strains the reaction is considered non-specific. II samples gave non-specific reaction. In 75% of the pyelonephritic @entity0 the test was positive. In 70% of the @entity0 with @entity4 of the lower urinary tract, i.e. with bacteria without immunoglobulins, the test was negative. In 74.1% of the cases there is a correlation between the coagglutination test and the localization of the @entity4 by means of other clinical and paraclinical methods. It is suggested that the coagglutination test should be included in the examination of @entity0 with @entity4 , the positive test indicates renal localization of the @entity3 .

title: [Coagglutination test to localize a XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effects of enhancing @entity3 depletion with multiple intracisternal injections of @entity5 ( @entity2 ) on spontaneous or @entity9 ( @entity7 )-induced behaviors (videotaped) and locomotor activity (photocell recording) were studied in the adult @entity0 . After four @entity2 injections, @entity3 content in septum/accumbens, hippocampus, striatum, neocortex, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord fell to 0-10% of controls. Multiple injections also significantly improved depletions in brainstem and diencephalon, which were not as extensive. Spontaneous locomotor activity (LMA) was increased in @entity2 -lesioned @entity0 for 1 week. The associated @entity1 , hindlimb @entity8 and incomplete rearing were also transient and differed from the @entity6 evoked by @entity7 . Multiple @entity2 injections did not qualitatively modify the @entity7 syndrome but shifted the dose response curve to the left compared to single injections. @entity1 shared a similar dose threshold and could be evoked with 30 mg/kg @entity7 . Two weeks after @entity2 , the locomotor response to @entity7 (65 mg/kg) was method dependent or biphasic: decreased in brief recordings when @entity4 were greatest and increased in hour-long recordings. LMA correlated with rearing in controls and inversely with @entity1 in @entity2 -lesioned @entity0 injected with @entity7 . Multiple regression of LMA with regional @entity3 content was significant for hippocampus, striatum, and septum/accumbens. These data suggest that the development of denervation supersensitivity, the proposed mechanism of the @entity7 -evoked @entity6 , may be responsible for the rapid recovery of function in LMA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Enhanced selective @entity3 depletions in the XXXX @entity0 model: denervation supersensitivity and recovery of function.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of enhancing @entity3 depletion with multiple intracisternal injections of @entity5 ( @entity2 ) on spontaneous or @entity9 ( @entity7 )-induced behaviors (videotaped) and locomotor activity (photocell recording) were studied in the adult @entity0 . After four @entity2 injections, @entity3 content in septum/accumbens, hippocampus, striatum, neocortex, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord fell to 0-10% of controls. Multiple injections also significantly improved depletions in brainstem and diencephalon, which were not as extensive. Spontaneous locomotor activity (LMA) was increased in @entity2 -lesioned @entity0 for 1 week. The associated @entity1 , hindlimb @entity8 and incomplete rearing were also transient and differed from the @entity6 evoked by @entity7 . Multiple @entity2 injections did not qualitatively modify the @entity7 syndrome but shifted the dose response curve to the left compared to single injections. @entity1 shared a similar dose threshold and could be evoked with 30 mg/kg @entity7 . Two weeks after @entity2 , the locomotor response to @entity7 (65 mg/kg) was method dependent or biphasic: decreased in brief recordings when @entity4 were greatest and increased in hour-long recordings. LMA correlated with rearing in controls and inversely with @entity1 in @entity2 -lesioned @entity0 injected with @entity7 . Multiple regression of LMA with regional @entity3 content was significant for hippocampus, striatum, and septum/accumbens. These data suggest that the development of denervation supersensitivity, the proposed mechanism of the @entity7 -evoked @entity6 , may be responsible for the rapid recovery of function in LMA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Enhanced selective XXXX depletions in the @entity2 @entity0 model: denervation supersensitivity and recovery of function.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effects of enhancing @entity3 depletion with multiple intracisternal injections of @entity5 ( @entity2 ) on spontaneous or @entity9 ( @entity7 )-induced behaviors (videotaped) and locomotor activity (photocell recording) were studied in the adult @entity0 . After four @entity2 injections, @entity3 content in septum/accumbens, hippocampus, striatum, neocortex, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord fell to 0-10% of controls. Multiple injections also significantly improved depletions in brainstem and diencephalon, which were not as extensive. Spontaneous locomotor activity (LMA) was increased in @entity2 -lesioned @entity0 for 1 week. The associated @entity1 , hindlimb @entity8 and incomplete rearing were also transient and differed from the @entity6 evoked by @entity7 . Multiple @entity2 injections did not qualitatively modify the @entity7 syndrome but shifted the dose response curve to the left compared to single injections. @entity1 shared a similar dose threshold and could be evoked with 30 mg/kg @entity7 . Two weeks after @entity2 , the locomotor response to @entity7 (65 mg/kg) was method dependent or biphasic: decreased in brief recordings when @entity4 were greatest and increased in hour-long recordings. LMA correlated with rearing in controls and inversely with @entity1 in @entity2 -lesioned @entity0 injected with @entity7 . Multiple regression of LMA with regional @entity3 content was significant for hippocampus, striatum, and septum/accumbens. These data suggest that the development of denervation supersensitivity, the proposed mechanism of the @entity7 -evoked @entity6 , may be responsible for the rapid recovery of function in LMA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Enhanced selective @entity3 depletions in the @entity2 XXXX model: denervation supersensitivity and recovery of function.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 gene (Rb) is the prototype of @entity0 suppressors. Germline mutation in the @entity1 gene is susceptible to @entity0 and reintroduction of wild-type Rb is able to suppress neoplastic phenotypes. The fundamental cellular functions of Rb in the control of cell growth and differentiation are important for its @entity0 suppression. In general, @entity0 susceptibility caused by inactivation of a @entity0 suppressor gene results from genome instability. Accordingly, Rb may function in the maintenance of chromosome stability by influencing mitotic progression, faithful chromosome segregation, and structural remodeling of mitotic chromosomes. Rb is also implicated in the regulation of replication machinery and in the control of cell cycle checkpoints in response to DNA damage, further supporting such a role for Rb. Moreover, the mechanistic basis for Rb-mediated transcriptional repression has revealed its connection to global chromatin remodeling. It is likely that Rb suppresses @entity0 formation by virtue of its multiple biological activities, and a theme throughout its multiple cellular functions is its central role in controlling activities that involve chromatin remodeling. A model in which Rb controls global genome fluidity is thus proposed. Finally, a recent study provides direct evidence indicating that loss of Rb function leads to genome instability. Therefore, @entity0 suppressors have a common role in the maintenance of genome stability, and such a role may be pivotal for their functions in @entity0 suppression.

title: XXXX suppressor and genome stability.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Fluorescence spectroscopy has shown promise for the in vivo, real-time detection of cervical @entity1 . However, selection of excitation wavelength has in the past been based on in vitro studies and the availability of light sources. The goal of this study was to determine optimal excitation wavelengths for in vivo detection of cervical @entity1 . Fluorescence excitation-emission matrices (EEMs) were measured in vivo from 351 sites in 146 @entity0 . Data were analyzed in pairs of diagnostic classes to determine which combination of excitation wavelengths yields classification algorithms with the greatest sensitivity and specificity. We find that 330-340-, 350-380-, and 400-450-nm excitation yield the best performance. The sensitivity and specificity for discrimination of squamous normal tissue and high-grade squamous @entity2 (HGSIL) were 71% and 77% on cross validation using three excitation wavelengths. These results are comparable with those found in earlier in vivo studies; however, in this study we find that the proportion of samples which are HGSIL influences performance. Furthermore stratification of samples within low-grade squamous @entity2 and HGSIL also appears to influence diagnostic performance. Future diagnostic studies should be carried out at these excitation wavelengths in larger groups so that data can be stratified by diagnostic subcategory, age and menopausal status. Similarly, large studies should be done in screening populations.

title: Optimal excitation wavelengths for discrimination of cervical XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) encompasses several syndromes of bilateral symmetric, spongy degeneration of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus. The familial form of @entity10 is rare, and inheritance is either autosomal recessive or maternal. METHOD: The authors describe an Israeli Bedouin kindred in which 15 @entity0 born to consanguineous parents were affected with @entity10 . They evaluated the clinical and radiologic evolution of the disease in 11 @entity0 and the cerebral pathologic findings in one @entity0 . Three of the @entity0 were treated with oral @entity7 100 mg/day. RESULTS: Inheritance was apparently autosomal recessive. The untreated @entity0 had a similar clinical picture including @entity5 beginning at the age of 7 to 15 months, @entity9 , and @entity6 . @entity3 appeared at a late stage. MRI, performed at various stages of the disease, showed severe @entity1 . Postmortem study in one @entity0 showed severe @entity2 of the lenticular nuclei with @entity8 and @entity4 . @entity7 , 100 mg/day, administered to the proband over a period of 15 months, may have slowed progression. In two other @entity0 treatment was initiated earlier and appeared to arrest or improve disease. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 was inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Clinical features included @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity9 . Imaging and pathology showed @entity2 and @entity1 . Oral @entity7 may have benefited three @entity0 .

title: XXXX : clinical features and response to @entity7 treatment.

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) encompasses several syndromes of bilateral symmetric, spongy degeneration of the caudate nucleus, putamen, and globus pallidus. The familial form of @entity10 is rare, and inheritance is either autosomal recessive or maternal. METHOD: The authors describe an Israeli Bedouin kindred in which 15 @entity0 born to consanguineous parents were affected with @entity10 . They evaluated the clinical and radiologic evolution of the disease in 11 @entity0 and the cerebral pathologic findings in one @entity0 . Three of the @entity0 were treated with oral @entity7 100 mg/day. RESULTS: Inheritance was apparently autosomal recessive. The untreated @entity0 had a similar clinical picture including @entity5 beginning at the age of 7 to 15 months, @entity9 , and @entity6 . @entity3 appeared at a late stage. MRI, performed at various stages of the disease, showed severe @entity1 . Postmortem study in one @entity0 showed severe @entity2 of the lenticular nuclei with @entity8 and @entity4 . @entity7 , 100 mg/day, administered to the proband over a period of 15 months, may have slowed progression. In two other @entity0 treatment was initiated earlier and appeared to arrest or improve disease. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 was inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. Clinical features included @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity9 . Imaging and pathology showed @entity2 and @entity1 . Oral @entity7 may have benefited three @entity0 .

title: @entity10 : clinical features and response to XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: We investigated the characteristic findings of early @entity3 revealed by magnifying endoscopy, and clarified their relationship with histopathological features. @entity0 AND METHODS: A total of 74 @entity0 with early @entity3 underwent magnifying endoscopy ( x 80) between March 2000 and December 2001. The endoscopic findings demonstrated 11 @entity2 and 63 depressed-type, and histological examination showed 56 differentiated @entity2 . The histopathological results were compared with findings from magnifying endoscopy regarding minute surface structure and microvessels. RESULTS: We were able to roughly classify the minute surface structure of early @entity3 as shown by magnifying endoscopy into three patterns, as follows: (i). a small regular pattern of sulci and ridges; (ii). an irregular pattern of sulci and ridges; and (iii). a lack of visible structure. Abnormal microvessels observed in @entity1 were classified according to two patterns: irregular minute vessels and variation of vessel caliber. The small regular pattern of sulci and ridges was significantly more frequently observed in differentiated @entity2 (30/56, 53.6 %) than in undifferentiated @entity2 (2/18, 11.1 %). Lack of visible structure and irregular minute vessels were significantly more frequently observed in undifferentiated @entity2 (44.4 % and 77.7 %) than in differentiated @entity2 (5.4 % and 51.8 %). CONCLUSION: The minute surface structure and microvessels observed by magnifying endoscopy were related to histopathological findings. Magnifying endoscopy is valuable for predicting the histological nature in the diagnosis of early @entity3 .

title: Usefulness of magnifying endoscopy in the diagnosis of early XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the significance of a United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Phase I clinical trial of a new use for an old drug, @entity1 . To discover whether ultrasound may have utility in @entity1 sterilization (QS). METHOD: This clinical trial began on 16 September 2000 at the @entity0 's and @entity0 's Hospital of Buffalo (WCHOB) in Buffalo, New York. Ten @entity0 volunteered to have QS. These subjects were carefully followed with regularly scheduled examinations, including extensive laboratory blood tests. In addition, each @entity0 had a trans-abdominal ultrasound examination six weeks or later past the date of the second insertion of @entity1 . The trial was completed on 30 April 2003. RESULTS: Laboratory results fell within normal limits, thus providing additional evidence to affirm the lack of toxic effects of QS. With ultrasound, we were able to see scars in both oviducts on all of our @entity0 . One @entity0 with a small scar as seen on ultrasound became pregnant. CONCLUSION: QS was found to be safe and effective. Ultrasound holds the promise of reducing the failure rate.

title: An FDA phase I clinical trial of XXXX sterilization (QS).

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of permanent ( @entity1 , @entity2 ) and transient ( @entity3 , PFO) interatrial communications under basal conditions, after Valsalva manoeuvres and coughing. Sixty-four @entity0 suspected of having defects of the interatrial septum were studied. The results of echocardiography were compared with those of cardiac catheterisation, the classical method of reference. The sensitivity of contrast echocardiography was significantly improved in the diagnosis of PFO by the cough test (100%) compared with contrast echocardiography during spontaneous respiration (55%). Similarly, the cough test increased the sensitivity of contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of @entity2 (96% compared to 83%). The specificity was good in both cases, about 90%. The cough test was a better method (98%) than Valsalva manoeuvres (59%) for the potentiation of interatrial right-to-left shunts. The results of echocardiography and catheterisation explain the mechanism of the right-to-left shunt during spontaneous respiration, Valsalva manoeuvres and coughing. The passage of the microbubbles from the right to the left atrium occurs during early systole when the atrioventricular valves are closed. The right-to-left shunt is potentiated by provocative manoeuvres. The demonstration of a right-to-left shunt by contrast echocardiography therefore indicates the presence of an interatrial communication; our results show that this non-invasive technique is a reliable method of diagnosing @entity2 and @entity4 .

title: [Diagnosis of XXXX by contrast echocardiography with sensitivity increased by coughing].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The electrophysiological properties of @entity7 a new Class I antiarrhythmic agent (Delalande Research Centre) were studied after intravenous injection of 3.5 mg/kg in 5 minutes in 16 @entity0 aged 24 to 66 years. Five minutes after the injection there was a significant increase (p less than 0.01) in the HV (+/- 12.8 +/- 10.5 msec), @entity5 (+ 21.8 +/- 14 msec) and PR intervals (+ 43.8 +/- 24.2 msec) and in the duration of QRS (+ 20.6 +/- 9.9 msec). The anterograde and retrograde Wenckebach points were decreased (-42 +/- 43 bpm and - 52 +/- 36 bpm respectively, p less than 0.05). All these effects reverted progressively 20 minutes after injection and disappeared by the 40th minute, which corresponds to the pharmaco-kinetic profile of the @entity0 . There were no changes in blood pressure, sinus node function or refractory periods except for the retrograde refractory periods which were prolonged (+ 87 +/- 41 msec). @entity3 was induced in 2 @entity0 and @entity4 in 2 others by the extrastimulus technique. These @entity2 could not be reproduced in these 4 @entity0 during the 40 minutes after injection of @entity7 . Five other @entity0 with reciprocating @entity1 induced by atrial extrastimuli had their @entity2 interrupted by the @entity7 injection. We conclude that @entity7 acts mainly on atrio-ventricular and intra-ventricular conduction. The results obtained in @entity0 with @entity1 suggest that the product is effective in @entity2 and @entity6 .

title: [Electrophysiologic effects of intravenous XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate trends in out-of-hospital mortality from @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in Kaunas population aged 25-64 years during 1983-1998, according to the @entity1 register data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The primary source of data was Kaunas population-based @entity1 register. The main sources of information for registration of @entity1 events were hospital discharge records, @entity0 follow-up records of out-of- @entity0 departments, death certificates, necropsy and medico-legal records. The data were collected according to the requirements of the WHO program MONICA. Only deaths from @entity1 that occurred out-of-hospital were analyzed in this study. The age-standardized rates were calculated by the direct method and the world standard population was used as the standard. Trends in rates were analyzed using the method of linear regression on logarithms of the age-standardized annual mortality rates. RESULTS: During 1983-1998, out-of-hospital @entity1 mortality was 137.9/100000 among Kaunas @entity0 aged 25-64 years meanwhile among @entity0 the corresponding rate was 7 times lower (20.2/100000). During 1983-1994, out-of-hospital mortality from @entity1 was increasing and during 1995 to 1998 was decreasing (by 19.8% per year; p=0.03) among @entity0 . Among @entity0 , out-of-hospital mortality rates were increasing during 1983-1990, were rather stable during 1991-1994, and tended to decrease by 27.5% per year (p=0.09) during 1995-1998. When analyzing trends in rates by 10-year age groups, statistically significant changes in out-of-hospital mortality from @entity1 were detected just among those aged 55-64 years. Among @entity0 , out-of-hospital mortality from @entity1 tended to increase during 1983-1994, and was decreasing statistically significantly (by 22.9% per year; p=0.007) during 1995-1998. Among @entity0 , the corresponding rates were increasing by 26.7% per year (p=0.03) during 1983-1986, and tended to decrease by 40.1% per year, (p=0.09) during 1995-1998. During 1983-1998, out-of-hospital deaths from @entity1 accounted on the average for 76.5% among all deaths from @entity1 among @entity0 and for 66.9% among @entity0 . During 1983-1998, the proportion of out-of-hospital deaths among all deaths from @entity1 remained without statistically significant changes among both @entity0 and @entity0 . CONCLUSION: During 1983-1994, out-of-hospital mortality rates of Kaunas middle-aged @entity0 increased and during 1995-1998--significantly decreased. Out-of-hospital mortality rates of Kaunas @entity0 increased during 1983-1990, but in 1995-1998--tended to decline. Out-of-hospital deaths from @entity1 accounted on the average for 76.5% of all deaths from @entity1 among @entity0 and for 66.9% of @entity0 deaths, and biggest part of these deaths were among younger @entity0 .

title: [Trends in out-of-hospital mortality from XXXX in Kaunas middle-aged population during 1983-1998].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Many @entity0 with @entity1 are troubled by nocturnal wheeze. The cause of this symptom is unknown, but sleep is an important factor. A study was carried out to determine whether nocturnal bronchoconstriction is related to any specific stage of sleep. Eight @entity2 with nocturnal wheeze and eight control subjects performed forced expiratory manoeuvres immediately after being woken from rapid eye movement (REM) or non-REM sleep, wakings being timed to differentiate temporal effects from those related to the stage of sleep. The control subjects showed no significant temporal bronchoconstriction or bronchoconstriction related to the stage of sleep. All @entity0 showed bronchoconstriction overnight, the mean peak expiratory flow rate falling from 410 (SEM 50) 1/min before sleep to 186 (49)1/min after sleep. After the @entity0 had been woken from REM sleep the forced expiratory volume in one second was on average 300 ml lower (p less than 0.02) and peak expiratory flow rate 45 1/min lower (p less than 0.03) than after they had been woken from non-REM sleep. As wakenings from REM sleep were 21(8) minutes later in the night than those from non-REM sleep multivariate analysis was performed to differentiate temporal effects from those related to the stage of sleep. This showed that the overnight decreases in forced expiratory volume in one second and peak expiratory flow rate were significantly related both to time and to REM sleep. This study suggests that @entity2 may suffer bronchoconstriction during REM sleep.

title: Do XXXX suffer bronchoconstriction during rapid eye movement sleep?

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study identified and prioritized research questions with greatest value to emergency nurses and of highest importance for health care consumers. METHODS: Three hundred twenty emergency nursing leaders were invited to participate in 3 rounds of mailed surveys aimed at developing consensus. During round I, 147 nurses submitted 456 research problems. These problems were synthesized into 154 researchable questions, encompassing 17 themes. The round II questionnaire listed these questions in random order. Respondents used a 7-point Likert scale to rate each question's value for practicing nurses and importance for health care consumers. One hundred one nurses rated 106 questions >5.0. The round III questionnaire was individualized to provide each respondent's round II score and each item's median group score. Reflecting on these data, subjects again rated the 106 questions. RESULTS: Seventy-nine nurses rated 16 questions 6.0 or greater for value for practicing nurses; 3 questions were rated 6.0 or greater for importance to consumers. Optimum staff to @entity0 ratios, effects of mandatory overtime, holding admitted @entity0 , and @entity2 overcrowding, as well as effective strategies for educating and ensuring competence of nurses, were highest priority research problems for practicing nurses. @entity1 relief, impact of and methods of decreasing holding/lengthy @entity2 stay, and effective strategies for @entity0 teaching were judged most important for consumers. DISCUSSION: Nurses' concerns with staff shortages and overcrowding of emergency departments and their effects on @entity0 are paramount. @entity1 management and @entity0 education were chief clinical issues requiring research. The mission of @entity3 is "to provide visionary leadership for emergency nursing and emergency care." This mission encompasses a number of values, including the following: "The discipline of emergency nursing includes a defined and evolving body of knowledge based on research."(1) In 1998, the @entity3 appointed vision councils to develop futuristic ideas to advance @entity3 's mission. The Research Vision Council proposed that @entity3 develop a center for emergency nursing research to provide leadership and focus for scientific approaches to the many issues that concern emergency nurses and their @entity0 . The Board of Directors supported this idea by formulating a work group to develop the National Institute for Emergency Nursing Research. In 1999, the work group proposed that a study be conducted to determine national priorities for emergency nursing research. This article reports on the methods and results of a Delphi study conducted for that purpose.

title: XXXX 's Delphi study on national research priorities for emergency nurses in the United States.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Low-level electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been used to treat various @entity0 . In the present study, we applied micro Gauss (microG) levels of EMFs either to the vagosympathetic nerve trunks, dissected in the neck, or across the chest in anesthetized @entity1 . Based on theoretical and empiric grounds, we compared EMFs (2.87 microG at 0.043 Hz) delivered to the vagosympathetic trunks in an experimental set (n = 5) with a sham control group (n = 6). Over a period of 2 to 3 hours, @entity2 decreased after an initial 5-minute EMF exposure. The maximal @entity2 changes in the experimental versus control groups was 29% versus 12% (P = 0.03). The voltage applied to the autonomic nerves required to induce atrioventricular (AV) conduction block decreased by 60% in the experimental group versus a 5% increase in the control group (P = 0.005). This effect also lasted 2 to 3 hours. Another EMF setting (amplitude 0.34 microG, frequency 2 kHz) applied for 5 minutes to the vagosympathetic trunks was associated with a significant increase in the occurrence of atrial premature depolarizations (APDs), @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in response to autonomic nerve stimulation compared with control states before EMF exposure. No @entity4 could be induced after @entity6 and @entity7 , even at the highest voltage used to stimulate the autonomic nervous input to the heart (n = 11). Only 2 @entity1 showed no response to this EMF application. In 3 @entity1 in whom atrial pacing (cycle length = 250 ms) and autonomic nerve stimulation induced @entity5 , an EMF (2.87 microG at 0.043 Hz) delivered for 35 minutes across the chest suppressed @entity5 for up to 3 to 4 hours, after which the same protocol again induced @entity5 . We conclude that in these preliminary experiments, specific low-level EMFs alter @entity2 , AV conduction, and heart rhythm. These effects were mediated through the autonomic nervous system inputs to the heart based on adjunctive effect of autonomic nerve stimulation and the inhibitory action of autonomic blockers.

title: Magnetism and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A total of 101 @entity0 with limited but unequivocal clinical stage C @entity2 underwent bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical retropubic prostatectomy. At operation 49 @entity0 had pathological stage C and 52 had stage D1 disease. Followup ranged from 0.5 to 17 years (mean 4.9 years). The 5 and 10-year observed survival rates for @entity0 with stages C and D1 disease were similar to the expected survival. Sixteen @entity0 had @entity1 postoperatively but only 2 had local progression: 1 had received no adjuvant therapy, and 1 had received @entity3 and radiation. None of the others, having received adjuvant radiation and/or orchiectomy, suffered local recurrence. Over-all, local progression occurred in 17 @entity0 , only 4 of whom had received adjuvant treatment initially ( @entity3 , 1 also received radiation). Local progression occurred in 13 of 47 @entity0 (28 per cent) without adjuvant treatment. Thus, in all @entity0 immediate adjuvant bilateral orchiectomy or radiation (except for 1 @entity0 ) prevented local progression. In @entity0 with pathological stage D1 disease bilateral orchiectomy significantly reduced disease progression (p less than 0.0001). Therefore, limited clinical stage C @entity2 can be successfully treated surgically (with low morbidity) when supplemented with appropriate immediate adjuvant treatment.

title: Bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical prostatectomy for clinical stage C XXXX : role of adjuvant treatment for @entity1 and in disease progression.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A total of 101 @entity0 with limited but unequivocal clinical stage C @entity2 underwent bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical retropubic prostatectomy. At operation 49 @entity0 had pathological stage C and 52 had stage D1 disease. Followup ranged from 0.5 to 17 years (mean 4.9 years). The 5 and 10-year observed survival rates for @entity0 with stages C and D1 disease were similar to the expected survival. Sixteen @entity0 had @entity1 postoperatively but only 2 had local progression: 1 had received no adjuvant therapy, and 1 had received @entity3 and radiation. None of the others, having received adjuvant radiation and/or orchiectomy, suffered local recurrence. Over-all, local progression occurred in 17 @entity0 , only 4 of whom had received adjuvant treatment initially ( @entity3 , 1 also received radiation). Local progression occurred in 13 of 47 @entity0 (28 per cent) without adjuvant treatment. Thus, in all @entity0 immediate adjuvant bilateral orchiectomy or radiation (except for 1 @entity0 ) prevented local progression. In @entity0 with pathological stage D1 disease bilateral orchiectomy significantly reduced disease progression (p less than 0.0001). Therefore, limited clinical stage C @entity2 can be successfully treated surgically (with low morbidity) when supplemented with appropriate immediate adjuvant treatment.

title: Bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical prostatectomy for clinical stage C @entity2 : role of adjuvant treatment for XXXX and in disease progression.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 is a common complication of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity0 . The aims of this study are to review our experience of @entity1 in childhood @entity2 and to evaluate the effect of the timing of ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) on the final outcome. In this study, 156 @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity1 were reviewed retrospectively between 1990 and 2000. @entity0 ' ages ranged from 6 months to 15 years, with a mean age of 4.1 years. There were 85 @entity0 , and the male-to-female ratio was 1.19:1.0. Sixty-two percent of the @entity0 were younger than 6 years old. VPS was performed 2 days after the diagnosis in 100 @entity0 , and in the remaining 56 @entity0 , 3 weeks after the diagnosis. The average follow-up period was 8.5 months. Good recovery or minor sequelae was seen in 82 @entity0 (52.6%), and 51 died (12.3%). The timing of the VPS procedure and cerebral complications had an effect on the final outcome. Early VPS gave a better outcome in mild and moderate @entity1 (p = 0.040). This study has shown that early surgical procedure for mild/moderate @entity1 has a positive effect on the morbidity and mortality of @entity1 in childhood @entity2 (p = 0.014, p = 0.040, respectively). In severe @entity1 , there was a tendency for early shunting to have a positive effect on morbidity, although this did not reach statistical significance.

title: Timing of shunt surgery in childhood XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 is a common complication of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity0 . The aims of this study are to review our experience of @entity1 in childhood @entity2 and to evaluate the effect of the timing of ventriculoperitoneal shunting (VPS) on the final outcome. In this study, 156 @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity1 were reviewed retrospectively between 1990 and 2000. @entity0 ' ages ranged from 6 months to 15 years, with a mean age of 4.1 years. There were 85 @entity0 , and the male-to-female ratio was 1.19:1.0. Sixty-two percent of the @entity0 were younger than 6 years old. VPS was performed 2 days after the diagnosis in 100 @entity0 , and in the remaining 56 @entity0 , 3 weeks after the diagnosis. The average follow-up period was 8.5 months. Good recovery or minor sequelae was seen in 82 @entity0 (52.6%), and 51 died (12.3%). The timing of the VPS procedure and cerebral complications had an effect on the final outcome. Early VPS gave a better outcome in mild and moderate @entity1 (p = 0.040). This study has shown that early surgical procedure for mild/moderate @entity1 has a positive effect on the morbidity and mortality of @entity1 in childhood @entity2 (p = 0.014, p = 0.040, respectively). In severe @entity1 , there was a tendency for early shunting to have a positive effect on morbidity, although this did not reach statistical significance.

title: Timing of shunt surgery in childhood @entity2 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Isocaloric diets, containing 8% casein [low protein (LP)], 19.5% casein [normal protein (NP)], or 31% casein [ @entity1 ( @entity1 )] and 10% @entity2 oil, were fed to adult virgin female @entity0 prior to conception and were continued through mating, gestation, and lactation. Female pups, 8 per litter, were fed on their mother's diet for the duration of the study. The pups' sexual maturation occurred at 33, 35, and 70 days of age for the @entity1 , NP, and LP groups, respectively. At 7 weeks of age, duct development in the mammary gland was markedly delayed in the LP group. No significant differences in the extent of ductal development were noted between the @entity1 and NP groups. Morphologic development into terminal end buds, alveolar buds, lobules, and terminal ducts was determined for each diet group at 7 weeks and at sexual maturity plus 3 weeks (SM+3) of age. At 7 weeks, the terminal end bud was the dominant structure in the LP group and was significantly greater in number than in the @entity1 and NP groups. The latter groups were dominated by the alveolar bud structures. At SM+3, the number of terminal end buds decreased, and the alveolar buds increased in the LP group; however, the numbers were still significantly different than in the @entity1 and NP groups. This study indicates that dietary protein affects mammary duct proliferation and morphologic development.

title: Effect of dietary protein on morphologic development of XXXX mammary gland.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: We recently reported that prepulse inhibition (PPI) in @entity0 was increased by the @entity4 (DA) agonist/ @entity5 ( @entity2 ) antagonist @entity8 (200 mg), but was not significantly altered by the DA agonist @entity6 (1.25-2.5 mg). PPI-enhancing effects of DA agonists occur in @entity1 under specific stimulus conditions, including short prepulse intervals (<30 ms). We characterized the effects of @entity8 and @entity6 on PPI across species, assessing: (1) dose-response effects on PPI in @entity1 over 10- to 120-ms prepulse intervals; (2) drug effects on PPI in @entity0 , using this same range of prepulse intervals; and (3) drug effects on measures related to @entity7 , including PPI of perceived stimulus intensity (PPIPSI), and @entity3 . METHODS: Drug effects on PPI were assessed in male @entity1 ( n=90) and @entity0 ( n=49); @entity3 and PPIPSI were also studied in @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity8 and @entity6 exhibited dose- and stimulus-dependent effects on PPI in @entity1 , increasing PPI with short (10-20 ms) prepulse intervals, and decreasing PPI with long (60-120 ms) prepulse intervals. In @entity0 , @entity8 increased PPI with both short (20 ms) and long (120 ms) prepulse intervals. @entity6 had no significant effect on PPI in @entity0 , but tended to increase PPI at short (20 ms) intervals. @entity8 eliminated PPIPSI. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 modifies prepulse effects on @entity3 in @entity1 and @entity0 , and disrupts prepulse effects on perceived stimulus intensity in @entity0 ; @entity6 has clear effects on PPI in @entity1 , but not in @entity0 . The divergent effects of @entity8 on sensorimotor and sensory effects of prepulses may reflect a divergence of brain circuitry regulating these processes.

title: Effects of @entity8 and @entity6 on XXXX and sensorimotor gating: parametric studies and cross-species comparisons.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: We recently reported that prepulse inhibition (PPI) in @entity0 was increased by the @entity4 (DA) agonist/ @entity5 ( @entity2 ) antagonist @entity8 (200 mg), but was not significantly altered by the DA agonist @entity6 (1.25-2.5 mg). PPI-enhancing effects of DA agonists occur in @entity1 under specific stimulus conditions, including short prepulse intervals (<30 ms). We characterized the effects of @entity8 and @entity6 on PPI across species, assessing: (1) dose-response effects on PPI in @entity1 over 10- to 120-ms prepulse intervals; (2) drug effects on PPI in @entity0 , using this same range of prepulse intervals; and (3) drug effects on measures related to @entity7 , including PPI of perceived stimulus intensity (PPIPSI), and @entity3 . METHODS: Drug effects on PPI were assessed in male @entity1 ( n=90) and @entity0 ( n=49); @entity3 and PPIPSI were also studied in @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity8 and @entity6 exhibited dose- and stimulus-dependent effects on PPI in @entity1 , increasing PPI with short (10-20 ms) prepulse intervals, and decreasing PPI with long (60-120 ms) prepulse intervals. In @entity0 , @entity8 increased PPI with both short (20 ms) and long (120 ms) prepulse intervals. @entity6 had no significant effect on PPI in @entity0 , but tended to increase PPI at short (20 ms) intervals. @entity8 eliminated PPIPSI. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 modifies prepulse effects on @entity3 in @entity1 and @entity0 , and disrupts prepulse effects on perceived stimulus intensity in @entity0 ; @entity6 has clear effects on PPI in @entity1 , but not in @entity0 . The divergent effects of @entity8 on sensorimotor and sensory effects of prepulses may reflect a divergence of brain circuitry regulating these processes.

title: Effects of @entity8 and XXXX on @entity3 and sensorimotor gating: parametric studies and cross-species comparisons.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: We recently reported that prepulse inhibition (PPI) in @entity0 was increased by the @entity4 (DA) agonist/ @entity5 ( @entity2 ) antagonist @entity8 (200 mg), but was not significantly altered by the DA agonist @entity6 (1.25-2.5 mg). PPI-enhancing effects of DA agonists occur in @entity1 under specific stimulus conditions, including short prepulse intervals (<30 ms). We characterized the effects of @entity8 and @entity6 on PPI across species, assessing: (1) dose-response effects on PPI in @entity1 over 10- to 120-ms prepulse intervals; (2) drug effects on PPI in @entity0 , using this same range of prepulse intervals; and (3) drug effects on measures related to @entity7 , including PPI of perceived stimulus intensity (PPIPSI), and @entity3 . METHODS: Drug effects on PPI were assessed in male @entity1 ( n=90) and @entity0 ( n=49); @entity3 and PPIPSI were also studied in @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity8 and @entity6 exhibited dose- and stimulus-dependent effects on PPI in @entity1 , increasing PPI with short (10-20 ms) prepulse intervals, and decreasing PPI with long (60-120 ms) prepulse intervals. In @entity0 , @entity8 increased PPI with both short (20 ms) and long (120 ms) prepulse intervals. @entity6 had no significant effect on PPI in @entity0 , but tended to increase PPI at short (20 ms) intervals. @entity8 eliminated PPIPSI. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 modifies prepulse effects on @entity3 in @entity1 and @entity0 , and disrupts prepulse effects on perceived stimulus intensity in @entity0 ; @entity6 has clear effects on PPI in @entity1 , but not in @entity0 . The divergent effects of @entity8 on sensorimotor and sensory effects of prepulses may reflect a divergence of brain circuitry regulating these processes.

title: Effects of XXXX and @entity6 on @entity3 and sensorimotor gating: parametric studies and cross-species comparisons.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this paper we review the main studies on teratogenicity related to @entity1 and especially use of anti @entity1 drugs (AED), with special emphasis on recently acquired knowledge regarding the new AED. DEVELOPMENT: When considering the teratogenic effects of @entity1 and the anti @entity1 drugs it should be remembered that there are a series of premises and considerations which undoubtedly play an important part in causing possible damage to the foetus. These factors include changes caused during pregnancy, the passage of drugs across the placenta barrier , @entity3 occurring in the @entity0 and relations of @entity0 with @entity1 and finally the effect of @entity2 on the foetus. We then review the mechanisms of the teratogenicity of the classical AED and the new AED. Little is known about the adverse effects of the new AED, and many are used together as polytherapy. Multicenter studies involving large numbers of @entity0 are therefore necessary to obtain results which can be extrapolated to the whole population. Unfortunately, at present, this is not yet so and there are no clear recommendations for their use during pregnancy. The EURAP was designed for this reason. It is one of the multicenter studies being carried out in Europe at present with many Spanish specialists participating. CONCLUSIONS: Multicenter studies with many @entity0 are necessary to obtain reliable data on the teratogenicity of the various AED, used as monotherapy and bitherapy, particularly regarding the new AED. We conclude by considering measures to try to reduce, as far as possible, the teratogenic effects in pregnant @entity0 .

title: [Teratogenic effects of @entity1 and anti XXXX drugs].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In this paper we review the main studies on teratogenicity related to @entity1 and especially use of anti @entity1 drugs (AED), with special emphasis on recently acquired knowledge regarding the new AED. DEVELOPMENT: When considering the teratogenic effects of @entity1 and the anti @entity1 drugs it should be remembered that there are a series of premises and considerations which undoubtedly play an important part in causing possible damage to the foetus. These factors include changes caused during pregnancy, the passage of drugs across the placenta barrier , @entity3 occurring in the @entity0 and relations of @entity0 with @entity1 and finally the effect of @entity2 on the foetus. We then review the mechanisms of the teratogenicity of the classical AED and the new AED. Little is known about the adverse effects of the new AED, and many are used together as polytherapy. Multicenter studies involving large numbers of @entity0 are therefore necessary to obtain results which can be extrapolated to the whole population. Unfortunately, at present, this is not yet so and there are no clear recommendations for their use during pregnancy. The EURAP was designed for this reason. It is one of the multicenter studies being carried out in Europe at present with many Spanish specialists participating. CONCLUSIONS: Multicenter studies with many @entity0 are necessary to obtain reliable data on the teratogenicity of the various AED, used as monotherapy and bitherapy, particularly regarding the new AED. We conclude by considering measures to try to reduce, as far as possible, the teratogenic effects in pregnant @entity0 .

title: [Teratogenic effects of XXXX and anti @entity1 drugs].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The present study examined the orientation of gingival fibroblasts in simulated periodontal spaces in vitro. Extracted @entity0 teeth were root planed followed by root resection and root canal instrumentation. The middle and cervical thirds of each root were cut transversely to create 600-micron thick sections. Cortical @entity1 bone was cut, sectioned and contoured to create bone rings 600 micron thick with an internal diameter large enough to accommodate a root slice leaving a circumferential space varying from approximately 0.1 to 1.0 mm. Root slices and bone rings were incubated in a solution of collagenase and hyaluronidase to remove all remaining soft tissue and partially demineralized in @entity2 (18%) for 30 minutes. @entity0 gingival fibroblasts ( @entity4 ) were plated to confluency in tissue culture dishes. The dentin slices were then gently placed over the @entity4 monolayer along with bone rings around them to create simulated periodontal spaces. Control root slices were placed without bone rings around them. Cultures were maintained under standard tissue culture conditions. Representative specimens were obtained after 2, 3 and 4 weeks of culture and processed for @entity3 ( @entity3 ). At 2 weeks, the @entity4 had formed sheets of cells attached to the periphery of the root slices at one end and to the inner surface of bone rings at the other end. The orientation of cell sheets varied from being perpendicular to the periphery of the slice to oblique. At 3 and 4 weeks, the density and size of cell sheets increased and the orientation was maintained.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Orientation of gingival fibroblasts in simulated periodontal spaces in vitro. XXXX observations.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the dose-limiting @entity5 (DLT) of a weekly administration of @entity9 and pegylated liposomal @entity7 (Caelyx; Schering Plough Pharmaceutical) in @entity1 with advanced solid @entity2 . 19 pretreated @entity1 with solid @entity2 received escalated doses of pegylated liposomal @entity7 (6-12 mg/m(2)) as a 1-h intravenous (i.v.) infusion followed by a fixed dose of @entity9 (80 mg/m(2)) weekly for 4 consecutive weeks in cycles of 6 weeks. DLT was defined as grade 4 @entity10 or @entity8 , @entity10 , grades 3 or 4 non-haematological @entity5 or treatment delay due to unresolved @entity5 during cycle 1. The MTD was reached at the dose of pegylated liposomal @entity7 of 10 mg/m(2)/week and @entity9 of 80 mg/m(2)/week. The DLTs were treatment delay due to grade 3 @entity10 and grade 3 @entity6 . A total of 55 chemotherapy cycles were administered, and grades 3-4 @entity10 occurred in seven cycles (13%); the non-haematological @entity5 was mild with grades 2/3 @entity6 occurring in 4 (7%), grades 2-4 asthenia in 11 (20%) and grade 2 @entity3 in 7 (13%) cycles. There was no case with more than a 10% LVEF decrease after a median of 3 (range 2-6) administered cycles/ @entity1 . One @entity1 with @entity0 and 1 with @entity4 experienced a major partial response. The weekly administration of pegylated liposomal @entity7 at the dose of 10 mg/m(2) in combination with @entity9 at the dose of 80 mg/m(2) for 4 consecutive weeks, in cycles of 6 weeks which represent the recommended doses for further phase II studies, is a well tolerated regimen, which merits further evaluation in @entity2 known to be sensitive to @entity11 and/or @entity12 .

title: Phase I study of weekly @entity9 and liposomal XXXX in @entity1 with advanced solid @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the dose-limiting @entity5 (DLT) of a weekly administration of @entity9 and pegylated liposomal @entity7 (Caelyx; Schering Plough Pharmaceutical) in @entity1 with advanced solid @entity2 . 19 pretreated @entity1 with solid @entity2 received escalated doses of pegylated liposomal @entity7 (6-12 mg/m(2)) as a 1-h intravenous (i.v.) infusion followed by a fixed dose of @entity9 (80 mg/m(2)) weekly for 4 consecutive weeks in cycles of 6 weeks. DLT was defined as grade 4 @entity10 or @entity8 , @entity10 , grades 3 or 4 non-haematological @entity5 or treatment delay due to unresolved @entity5 during cycle 1. The MTD was reached at the dose of pegylated liposomal @entity7 of 10 mg/m(2)/week and @entity9 of 80 mg/m(2)/week. The DLTs were treatment delay due to grade 3 @entity10 and grade 3 @entity6 . A total of 55 chemotherapy cycles were administered, and grades 3-4 @entity10 occurred in seven cycles (13%); the non-haematological @entity5 was mild with grades 2/3 @entity6 occurring in 4 (7%), grades 2-4 asthenia in 11 (20%) and grade 2 @entity3 in 7 (13%) cycles. There was no case with more than a 10% LVEF decrease after a median of 3 (range 2-6) administered cycles/ @entity1 . One @entity1 with @entity0 and 1 with @entity4 experienced a major partial response. The weekly administration of pegylated liposomal @entity7 at the dose of 10 mg/m(2) in combination with @entity9 at the dose of 80 mg/m(2) for 4 consecutive weeks, in cycles of 6 weeks which represent the recommended doses for further phase II studies, is a well tolerated regimen, which merits further evaluation in @entity2 known to be sensitive to @entity11 and/or @entity12 .

title: Phase I study of weekly XXXX and liposomal @entity7 in @entity1 with advanced solid @entity2 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the dose-limiting @entity5 (DLT) of a weekly administration of @entity9 and pegylated liposomal @entity7 (Caelyx; Schering Plough Pharmaceutical) in @entity1 with advanced solid @entity2 . 19 pretreated @entity1 with solid @entity2 received escalated doses of pegylated liposomal @entity7 (6-12 mg/m(2)) as a 1-h intravenous (i.v.) infusion followed by a fixed dose of @entity9 (80 mg/m(2)) weekly for 4 consecutive weeks in cycles of 6 weeks. DLT was defined as grade 4 @entity10 or @entity8 , @entity10 , grades 3 or 4 non-haematological @entity5 or treatment delay due to unresolved @entity5 during cycle 1. The MTD was reached at the dose of pegylated liposomal @entity7 of 10 mg/m(2)/week and @entity9 of 80 mg/m(2)/week. The DLTs were treatment delay due to grade 3 @entity10 and grade 3 @entity6 . A total of 55 chemotherapy cycles were administered, and grades 3-4 @entity10 occurred in seven cycles (13%); the non-haematological @entity5 was mild with grades 2/3 @entity6 occurring in 4 (7%), grades 2-4 asthenia in 11 (20%) and grade 2 @entity3 in 7 (13%) cycles. There was no case with more than a 10% LVEF decrease after a median of 3 (range 2-6) administered cycles/ @entity1 . One @entity1 with @entity0 and 1 with @entity4 experienced a major partial response. The weekly administration of pegylated liposomal @entity7 at the dose of 10 mg/m(2) in combination with @entity9 at the dose of 80 mg/m(2) for 4 consecutive weeks, in cycles of 6 weeks which represent the recommended doses for further phase II studies, is a well tolerated regimen, which merits further evaluation in @entity2 known to be sensitive to @entity11 and/or @entity12 .

title: Phase I study of weekly @entity9 and liposomal @entity7 in @entity1 with advanced solid XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the dose-limiting @entity5 (DLT) of a weekly administration of @entity9 and pegylated liposomal @entity7 (Caelyx; Schering Plough Pharmaceutical) in @entity1 with advanced solid @entity2 . 19 pretreated @entity1 with solid @entity2 received escalated doses of pegylated liposomal @entity7 (6-12 mg/m(2)) as a 1-h intravenous (i.v.) infusion followed by a fixed dose of @entity9 (80 mg/m(2)) weekly for 4 consecutive weeks in cycles of 6 weeks. DLT was defined as grade 4 @entity10 or @entity8 , @entity10 , grades 3 or 4 non-haematological @entity5 or treatment delay due to unresolved @entity5 during cycle 1. The MTD was reached at the dose of pegylated liposomal @entity7 of 10 mg/m(2)/week and @entity9 of 80 mg/m(2)/week. The DLTs were treatment delay due to grade 3 @entity10 and grade 3 @entity6 . A total of 55 chemotherapy cycles were administered, and grades 3-4 @entity10 occurred in seven cycles (13%); the non-haematological @entity5 was mild with grades 2/3 @entity6 occurring in 4 (7%), grades 2-4 asthenia in 11 (20%) and grade 2 @entity3 in 7 (13%) cycles. There was no case with more than a 10% LVEF decrease after a median of 3 (range 2-6) administered cycles/ @entity1 . One @entity1 with @entity0 and 1 with @entity4 experienced a major partial response. The weekly administration of pegylated liposomal @entity7 at the dose of 10 mg/m(2) in combination with @entity9 at the dose of 80 mg/m(2) for 4 consecutive weeks, in cycles of 6 weeks which represent the recommended doses for further phase II studies, is a well tolerated regimen, which merits further evaluation in @entity2 known to be sensitive to @entity11 and/or @entity12 .

title: Phase I study of weekly @entity9 and liposomal @entity7 in XXXX with advanced solid @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The hypothesis of an @entity0 -limited thermal tolerance was tested in the Antarctic teleost Pachycara brachycephalum. With the use of flow-through respirometry, in vivo @entity2 -NMR spectroscopy, and MRI, we studied energy metabolism, intracellular pH ( @entity3 ), blood flow, and oxygenation between 0 and 13 degrees C under normoxia (PO(2): 20.3 to 21.3 kPa) and @entity1 (PO(2): 45 kPa). @entity1 reduced the metabolic increment and the rise in arterial blood flow observed under normoxia. The normoxic increase of blood flow leveled off beyond 7 degrees C, indicating a cardiovascular capacity limitation. Ventilatory effort displayed an exponential rise in both groups. In the liver, blood oxygenation increased, whereas in white muscle it remained unaltered (normoxia) or declined ( @entity1 ). In both groups, the slope of @entity3 changes followed the alpha-stat pattern below 6 degrees C, whereas it decreased above. In conclusion, aerobic scope declines around 6 degrees C under normoxia, marking the pejus temperature. By reducing circulatory costs, @entity1 improves aerobic scope but is unable to shift the breakpoint in pH regulation or lethal limits. @entity1 appears beneficial at sublethal temperatures, but no longer beyond when cellular or molecular functions become disturbed.

title: XXXX -limited thermal tolerance in Antarctic fish investigated by MRI and @entity2 -MRS.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The hypothesis of an @entity0 -limited thermal tolerance was tested in the Antarctic teleost Pachycara brachycephalum. With the use of flow-through respirometry, in vivo @entity2 -NMR spectroscopy, and MRI, we studied energy metabolism, intracellular pH ( @entity3 ), blood flow, and oxygenation between 0 and 13 degrees C under normoxia (PO(2): 20.3 to 21.3 kPa) and @entity1 (PO(2): 45 kPa). @entity1 reduced the metabolic increment and the rise in arterial blood flow observed under normoxia. The normoxic increase of blood flow leveled off beyond 7 degrees C, indicating a cardiovascular capacity limitation. Ventilatory effort displayed an exponential rise in both groups. In the liver, blood oxygenation increased, whereas in white muscle it remained unaltered (normoxia) or declined ( @entity1 ). In both groups, the slope of @entity3 changes followed the alpha-stat pattern below 6 degrees C, whereas it decreased above. In conclusion, aerobic scope declines around 6 degrees C under normoxia, marking the pejus temperature. By reducing circulatory costs, @entity1 improves aerobic scope but is unable to shift the breakpoint in pH regulation or lethal limits. @entity1 appears beneficial at sublethal temperatures, but no longer beyond when cellular or molecular functions become disturbed.

title: @entity0 -limited thermal tolerance in Antarctic fish investigated by MRI and XXXX -MRS.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Physical inactivity, abdominal fat, and age are known risk factors for @entity2 , @entity4 , and certain @entity1 . Previous evidence supports an inverse relationship between physical activity (PA) and abdominal fat estimated by waist circumference. However, few investigations used computed tomography (CAT) scanning for precise measures of abdominal fat. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Sixty-five female and 106 male (age, 64.5 +/- 5.2 years) @entity0 in the Prostate, Lung, Colon and @entity3 Screening Trial underwent a cross-sectional L4-L5 CAT scan to differentiate visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Subjects were also interviewed by phone to determine PA and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). RESULTS: @entity0 had lower VAT (170 +/- 84 vs. 205 +/- 95 cm(2), p = 0.014), lower VAT/total fat (29.9 +/- 7.2% vs. 42.6 +/- 10.2%, p < 0.001), and higher total fat (596 +/- 385 vs. 482 +/- 183 cm(2), p = 0.010) than @entity0 . PA was inversely correlated to VAT (r = -0.164, p = 0.034) and total fat (r = -0.231, p = 0.003) in @entity0 and @entity0 . Those who reported a @entity5 had higher VAT (249 vs. 180 cm(2), p < 0.001) and total fat (652 vs. 500 cm(2), p = 0.008). Multiple regression analysis indicated total PA and @entity5 were independently associated to VAT and total fat. DISCUSSION: This investigation suggests a beneficial effect of PA and a negative influence of @entity5 on abdominal fat accumulation. Although the cross-sectional design limits cause-effect designations, these results are consistent with other studies showing PA/abdominal fat relation.

title: Association of physical activity and visceral adipose tissue in older XXXX and @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Physical inactivity, abdominal fat, and age are known risk factors for @entity2 , @entity4 , and certain @entity1 . Previous evidence supports an inverse relationship between physical activity (PA) and abdominal fat estimated by waist circumference. However, few investigations used computed tomography (CAT) scanning for precise measures of abdominal fat. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Sixty-five female and 106 male (age, 64.5 +/- 5.2 years) @entity0 in the Prostate, Lung, Colon and @entity3 Screening Trial underwent a cross-sectional L4-L5 CAT scan to differentiate visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Subjects were also interviewed by phone to determine PA and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). RESULTS: @entity0 had lower VAT (170 +/- 84 vs. 205 +/- 95 cm(2), p = 0.014), lower VAT/total fat (29.9 +/- 7.2% vs. 42.6 +/- 10.2%, p < 0.001), and higher total fat (596 +/- 385 vs. 482 +/- 183 cm(2), p = 0.010) than @entity0 . PA was inversely correlated to VAT (r = -0.164, p = 0.034) and total fat (r = -0.231, p = 0.003) in @entity0 and @entity0 . Those who reported a @entity5 had higher VAT (249 vs. 180 cm(2), p < 0.001) and total fat (652 vs. 500 cm(2), p = 0.008). Multiple regression analysis indicated total PA and @entity5 were independently associated to VAT and total fat. DISCUSSION: This investigation suggests a beneficial effect of PA and a negative influence of @entity5 on abdominal fat accumulation. Although the cross-sectional design limits cause-effect designations, these results are consistent with other studies showing PA/abdominal fat relation.

title: Association of physical activity and visceral adipose tissue in older @entity0 and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The development of @entity3 markers that can detect liver @entity1 early and predict which @entity0 are at risk to develop liver @entity1 would have a major impact on this disease. We have previously identified G. Brunagel, et al., @entity2 Research, 62:2437-2442, 2002, nuclear matrix proteins (NMPs), which are associated with @entity3 . The objective of this study is to identify the existence of a specific NMP "fingerprint" for @entity0 liver metastasis from @entity3 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Using high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, we analyzed the NMP expression of 12 matched liver @entity1 and adjacent normal samples and three normal donor liver samples. These were compared with @entity3 NMP patterns, along with several primary cell systems and lines. RESULTS: Analysis of multiple gels for each sample revealed three proteins present in all liver @entity1 , which are not present in normal liver tissue and normal hepatocytes. These three proteins were also present in @entity3 samples. CONCLUSION: Data provided here demonstrate that the NMP composition is able to differentiate liver @entity1 from normal liver tissue and normal hepatocytes and that these proteins are also expressed in @entity3 . These results further show that the adjacent normal liver tissue changes its NMP pattern of expression. Development of an assay to detect these specific NMPs in tissue and/or serum specimens is a promising modality for early detection of liver @entity1 from @entity3 or potentially as a prognostic tool. In addition the functional characterization of these proteins will significantly enhance our understanding of the development of liver @entity1 of this disease.

title: Nuclear matrix protein alterations associated with XXXX metastasis to the liver.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The role of @entity1 ( @entity3 ) as a key neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous system is well established. However, the role of @entity3 may be broader because @entity3 may also function as an autocrine or paracrine signaling molecule in a variety of nonneuronal tissues. To begin to establish @entity3 of nonneuronal origin as a paracrine hormone in lung, we have examined neonatal and adult monkey bronchial epithelium for the components involved in nicotinic cholinergic signaling. Using immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, we have demonstrated in lung bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) expression of @entity4 acetyltransferase, the vesicular @entity3 transporter, the @entity4 high-affinity transporter, alpha7, alpha4, and beta2 nicotinic @entity3 receptor ( @entity5 ) subunits, and the @entity5 accessory protein @entity6 . Confocal microscopy demonstrates that these factors are expressed in epithelial cells and are clearly distinct from neighboring nerve fibers. Confirmation of RNA identity has been confirmed by partial sequence analysis of PCR products and by cDNA cloning. Primary culture of BECs confirms the synthesis and secretion of @entity3 and the activity of cholinesterases. Thus, @entity3 meets all the criteria for an autocrine/paracrine hormone in lung bronchial epithelium. The nonneuronal cholinergic signaling pathway in lung provides a potentially important target for cholinergic drugs. This pathway may also explain some of the effects of @entity2 on fetal development and also provides additional mechanisms by which smoking affects lung @entity0 growth and development.

title: XXXX is an autocrine or paracrine hormone synthesized and secreted by airway bronchial epithelial cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 are fairly common diseases that are classified into four constellations based on the clinical clustering of the various component diseases. In types 1, 2, and 4, primary @entity5 due to an @entity2 is usually present, but its diagnosis is often delayed because it is difficult to detect in a subclinical phase. It is widely accepted that the classical dose of 250 microg ACTH(1-24) is supramaximal, whereas 0.06 microg has been shown to be one of the lowest ACTH doses that is able to stimulate adrenal secretion in normal young subjects. The aim of this study was to clarify the sensitivity and maximal secretory response of the adrenal gland to ACTH in a group of @entity0 with at least two @entity2 , without clinical signs and symptoms of overt or subclinical hypocortisolism. @entity1 (F), @entity4 (A), and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) responses to the sequential administration of very low and supramaximal ACTH(1-24) doses [0.06 microg followed by 250 microg ACTH(1-24) i.v. at 0 and +60 min] were studied in 18 @entity0 with at least two @entity2 (AP; age, 20-40 yr; body mass index, 22-26 kg/m(2)). The results in the @entity0 were compared with the results recorded in 12 normal age-matched control subjects (CS; age, 22-34 yr; body mass index, 20-25 kg/m(2)). At baseline, ACTH levels in AP were within the normal range but higher (P < 0.05) than in CS, whereas F, A, @entity6 , urinary-free F, and plasma @entity3 activity were similar in both groups. F, A, and @entity6 responses to ACTH were dose dependent in both groups. However, in AP, F, A, and @entity6 levels showed no response to the 0.06- micro g ACTH dose, which, in turn, elicited clear responses (P < 0.01) in CS. On the other hand, F, A, and @entity6 responses to 250 microg ACTH in AP were not different from those in CS. In conclusion, @entity0 with @entity2 who displayed a normal basal adrenal function showed a loss of F, A, and @entity6 response to the very low ACTH dose, although they were normal responders to the high ACTH dose. These data are likely to indicate that a reduced sensitivity to ACTH in all adrenal zones occurs in @entity0 with different types of @entity2 .

title: Adrenal sensitivity to adrenocorticotropin 1-24 is reduced in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 are fairly common diseases that are classified into four constellations based on the clinical clustering of the various component diseases. In types 1, 2, and 4, primary @entity5 due to an @entity2 is usually present, but its diagnosis is often delayed because it is difficult to detect in a subclinical phase. It is widely accepted that the classical dose of 250 microg ACTH(1-24) is supramaximal, whereas 0.06 microg has been shown to be one of the lowest ACTH doses that is able to stimulate adrenal secretion in normal young subjects. The aim of this study was to clarify the sensitivity and maximal secretory response of the adrenal gland to ACTH in a group of @entity0 with at least two @entity2 , without clinical signs and symptoms of overt or subclinical hypocortisolism. @entity1 (F), @entity4 (A), and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) responses to the sequential administration of very low and supramaximal ACTH(1-24) doses [0.06 microg followed by 250 microg ACTH(1-24) i.v. at 0 and +60 min] were studied in 18 @entity0 with at least two @entity2 (AP; age, 20-40 yr; body mass index, 22-26 kg/m(2)). The results in the @entity0 were compared with the results recorded in 12 normal age-matched control subjects (CS; age, 22-34 yr; body mass index, 20-25 kg/m(2)). At baseline, ACTH levels in AP were within the normal range but higher (P < 0.05) than in CS, whereas F, A, @entity6 , urinary-free F, and plasma @entity3 activity were similar in both groups. F, A, and @entity6 responses to ACTH were dose dependent in both groups. However, in AP, F, A, and @entity6 levels showed no response to the 0.06- micro g ACTH dose, which, in turn, elicited clear responses (P < 0.01) in CS. On the other hand, F, A, and @entity6 responses to 250 microg ACTH in AP were not different from those in CS. In conclusion, @entity0 with @entity2 who displayed a normal basal adrenal function showed a loss of F, A, and @entity6 response to the very low ACTH dose, although they were normal responders to the high ACTH dose. These data are likely to indicate that a reduced sensitivity to ACTH in all adrenal zones occurs in @entity0 with different types of @entity2 .

title: Adrenal sensitivity to adrenocorticotropin 1-24 is reduced in XXXX with @entity7 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Long-term follow-up indicated that levodopa as a replacement therapy merely improves the @entity2 , and does so for only a limited number of years. The reason for this tachyphylaxis or declining efficacy in levodopa therapy and the increasing number and intensity of various distressing difficulties in the management of @entity1 , such as @entity3 and on-off phenomena, is the main subject of many recent studies. It is still widely accepted that levodopa provides the best therapeutic tool for @entity1 . @entity5 , an ergot derivative, is the main clinically used @entity4 agonist, and it has been established as a valuable adjunct in the treatment of @entity1 . @entity5 is most useful in @entity0 with a declining efficacy of levodopa treatment, in @entity0 with diurnal oscillations in motor performance, especially in @entity0 with wearing-off phenomena, and in @entity0 with onset and end-of-dose @entity3 . The question of @entity5 dosage, required to obtain an optimal benefit and a decreased rate of late adverse reactions, is quite controversial. The trend has been to lower daily dosage of @entity5 , i.e., low doses suffice in @entity0 with mild, early disease. Higher doses of @entity5 seem to be required in @entity0 with severe @entity1 . In this retrospective study of 8 years experience with high dosage of @entity5 in levodopa response-losing @entity1 @entity0 , the adjunction of @entity5 had a clear-cut but short-lasting beneficial effect on the disability scores.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term treatment with high-dosage XXXX in advanced @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Long-term follow-up indicated that levodopa as a replacement therapy merely improves the @entity2 , and does so for only a limited number of years. The reason for this tachyphylaxis or declining efficacy in levodopa therapy and the increasing number and intensity of various distressing difficulties in the management of @entity1 , such as @entity3 and on-off phenomena, is the main subject of many recent studies. It is still widely accepted that levodopa provides the best therapeutic tool for @entity1 . @entity5 , an ergot derivative, is the main clinically used @entity4 agonist, and it has been established as a valuable adjunct in the treatment of @entity1 . @entity5 is most useful in @entity0 with a declining efficacy of levodopa treatment, in @entity0 with diurnal oscillations in motor performance, especially in @entity0 with wearing-off phenomena, and in @entity0 with onset and end-of-dose @entity3 . The question of @entity5 dosage, required to obtain an optimal benefit and a decreased rate of late adverse reactions, is quite controversial. The trend has been to lower daily dosage of @entity5 , i.e., low doses suffice in @entity0 with mild, early disease. Higher doses of @entity5 seem to be required in @entity0 with severe @entity1 . In this retrospective study of 8 years experience with high dosage of @entity5 in levodopa response-losing @entity1 @entity0 , the adjunction of @entity5 had a clear-cut but short-lasting beneficial effect on the disability scores.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term treatment with high-dosage @entity5 in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 30-year-old female with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) underwent catheter ablation. About 30 minutes later, @entity0 and @entity1 occurred suddenly. Blood pressure decreased to 62/41 mmHg, and she fell into the state of @entity2 . She recovered within one hour following treatment. We initially suspected the onset of @entity2 was caused by either the local anesthetic or the intravenous antibiotic administered. Following thorough investigation (skin tests and challenge tests), we concluded that the @entity2 was not drug induced. Subsequently, we suspected @entity3 . Skin prick test showed a positive reaction to rubber gloves. The specific test for IgE antibody against latex was positive at 10.8 UA/ml. From these results, @entity2 caused by latex (probably medical gloves) was diagnosed. Doctors should take preventive measures against @entity3 not only in operating rooms but also during minor treatments. It is possible that @entity3 is responsible for some cases of @entity2 of unknown origin.

title: [A case of XXXX suspected drug allergy].

answer: @entity3