abstract: CONTEXT: In some adult @entity0 with chronic intractable @entity2 , the diagnosis remains elusive even after detailed evaluations, and colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens may appear unremarkable on routine @entity3 - @entity4 staining. OBJECTIVES: To assess the concentration of mast cells in colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens by immunohistochemical analysis for mast cell tryptase from @entity0 with chronic intractable @entity2 and to evaluate their response to drugs affecting mast cell function. DESIGN: Mast cells per high-power field were assessed in biopsy specimens from 47 @entity0 with chronic intractable @entity2 , from 50 control subjects, and from 63 @entity0 with other specific diseases that cause chronic @entity2 ( @entity1 , @entity5 , and @entity7 ). @entity0 with chronic intractable @entity2 who had more than 20 mast cells per high-power field were administered drugs affecting mast cell mediator function and release. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD concentration of mast cells in the 50 control subjects was 13.3 +/- 3.5 cells per high-power field; hence, @entity0 with more than 20 mast cells per high-power field were considered to have increased mast cells. Thirty-three (70%) of 47 @entity0 with chronic intractable @entity2 had increased mast cells, and symptoms were controlled by drug therapy in 22 (67%) of the 33 @entity0 . No @entity0 had systemic or cutaneous @entity6 . No increase in mast cells was seen in @entity0 with other common causes of chronic @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: In chronic intractable @entity2 , colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens may appear unremarkable on routine @entity3 - @entity4 staining, but increased mast cells may be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry for mast cell tryptase, with the novel term @entity8 describing this condition. Similar increases in mast cells are not apparent in control populations or in @entity0 with other specific diseases that cause chronic @entity2 . The cause of the increased mast cells remains to be elucidated.

title: XXXX : increased mucosal mast cells in chronic intractable @entity2 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Initial reports have shown percutaneous sonographically guided needle tenotomy without corticosteroid injection to be effective for the treatment of @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of this procedure with various tendons throughout the body. METHODS: Fourteen tendons in 13 @entity0 were identified as having a greater than 6-month history of clinical presentation consistent with @entity2 that had failed treatment with physical therapy. All @entity0 were treated with sonographically guided percutaneous tenotomy using a 22-gauge needle and a local anesthetic. A visual analog scale (VAS) @entity1 score measurement was obtained before the procedure and at 4- and 12-week follow-up appointments. All complications were recorded. RESULTS: The 14 tendons in this study included patellar (5), Achilles (4), proximal gluteus medius (1), proximal iliotibial tract (1), proximal hamstring (1), common extensor elbow (1), and proximal rectus femoris (1). The composite VAS score was significantly lower at both 4 weeks (mean +/- SEM, 2.4 +/- 0.7) and 12 weeks (2.2 +/- 0.7) compared with the baseline (5.8 +/- 0.6; P < .001). No complications or morbidity occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided percutaneous tenotomy of @entity2 was effective in improving @entity0 symptoms without complications. Further investigation with additional @entity0 and comparisons to alternative treatments is needed to validate these preliminary results.

title: Sonographically guided percutaneous needle tenotomy for the treatment of chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 who survive after suicidal hanging attempts suffer from transient brain ischaemia. Morbidity and mortality is high, and no specific therapy is available. @entity4 attenuates @entity1 and has become standard care in @entity2 survivors of @entity3 ; therapeutic @entity4 may thus be useful for near-hanging victims as well. OBJECTIVES: To perform a literature review on outcome and outcome predictors after near-hanging. To make a retrospective chart review on treatment and outcome of near-hanging victims in two Swedish intensive care units during a 4-year period (2003-2006). METHODS: The literature review was conducted as a Medline search. Study @entity0 were identified and data retrieved from the intensive care units' medical records. The primary outcome measure was neurological function at discharge. RESULTS: No randomised, controlled trials were found in the Medline search. Thirteen @entity0 could be identified and were included in the study, all were in coma and three had suffered @entity3 . Outcome was good in six of eight @entity0 treated with @entity4 , as compared to three of five @entity0 who were not. All three @entity0 with @entity3 received @entity4 treatment and outcome was good in one. CONCLUSION: No randomised, controlled trial for treatment of near-hanging victims has been published. No conclusions could be drawn regarding treatment effects of @entity4 in this survey, but in the absence of better evidence, it seems reasonable to consider @entity4 treatment in all @entity2 near-hanging victims.

title: @entity4 for XXXX survivors after near-hanging-a retrospective analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 who survive after suicidal hanging attempts suffer from transient brain ischaemia. Morbidity and mortality is high, and no specific therapy is available. @entity4 attenuates @entity1 and has become standard care in @entity2 survivors of @entity3 ; therapeutic @entity4 may thus be useful for near-hanging victims as well. OBJECTIVES: To perform a literature review on outcome and outcome predictors after near-hanging. To make a retrospective chart review on treatment and outcome of near-hanging victims in two Swedish intensive care units during a 4-year period (2003-2006). METHODS: The literature review was conducted as a Medline search. Study @entity0 were identified and data retrieved from the intensive care units' medical records. The primary outcome measure was neurological function at discharge. RESULTS: No randomised, controlled trials were found in the Medline search. Thirteen @entity0 could be identified and were included in the study, all were in coma and three had suffered @entity3 . Outcome was good in six of eight @entity0 treated with @entity4 , as compared to three of five @entity0 who were not. All three @entity0 with @entity3 received @entity4 treatment and outcome was good in one. CONCLUSION: No randomised, controlled trial for treatment of near-hanging victims has been published. No conclusions could be drawn regarding treatment effects of @entity4 in this survey, but in the absence of better evidence, it seems reasonable to consider @entity4 treatment in all @entity2 near-hanging victims.

title: XXXX for @entity2 survivors after near-hanging-a retrospective analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of ulnar nerve sonography in @entity1 with electrophysiologic correlation. METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 (12 @entity0 and 9 @entity0 ; mean age +/- SD, 47.7 +/- 17.2 years) and 20 control @entity0 (14 @entity0 and 6 @entity0 ; mean age, 46.5 +/- 16.2 years) were evaluated with sonography. @entity3 diagnosis was established on the basis of clinical, bacteriologic, and histopathologic criteria. The reference standard for @entity1 in this study was clinical symptoms in @entity0 with proven @entity3 . The sonographic cross-sectional areas (CSAs) of the ulnar nerve in 3 different regions were obtained. Statistical analyses included Student t tests and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: The CSAs of the ulnar nerve were significantly larger in the @entity3 group than the control group for all regions (P < .01). @entity2 in @entity3 nerves included focal thickening (90.5%), hypoechoic areas (81%), loss of the fascicular pattern (33.3%), and focal hyperechoic areas (4.7%). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that a maximum CSA cutoff value of 9.8 mm(2) was the best discriminator (sensitivity, 0.91; specificity, 0.90). Three @entity0 with normal electrophysiologic findings had abnormal sonographic findings. Two @entity0 had normal sonographic findings, of which 1 had abnormal electrophysiologic findings, and the other refused electrophysiologic testing. CONCLUSIONS: Sonography and electrophysiology were complementary for identifying @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity3 , with clinical symptoms as the reference standard. This reinforces the role of sonography in the investigation of @entity1 .

title: Role of ulnar nerve sonography in XXXX with electrophysiologic correlation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Main causes of @entity3 in the elderly are @entity7 and @entity1 . @entity7 is related to both amounts and localization of lesions. Recently incidence of @entity10 ( @entity9 ) and @entity8 are increasing. In Alzheimer's protein chemistry of amyloid (beta protein, A4 protein) revealed its precursor @entity4 and its gene (chromosome 21), which produces protease inhibitor in the brain of @entity1 . @entity4 is considered as an membrane protein (receptor) and appears abundantly in the cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical study showed that beta protein is observed also in normal aged brain. On the other hand, tau protein (main component of @entity1 tangle, PHF) appeared as abnormal sprouting of neurites in @entity1 . The latter may related to @entity3 and @entity2 . In @entity1 , several neurotransmitters, including @entity6 , are reduced in the brain and related structural changes are observed. Recently olfactory bulb and mucosal changes are remarked as one of pathogenesis of this disease. Delayed @entity5 is a new phenomenon of nerve cell death of vascular origin and should be studied in @entity0 @entity7 .

title: [Approach to the XXXX research].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 receptor (SSTR) expression is positively correlated with @entity1 size and inversely correlated with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) levels and @entity1 differentiation. In the present study, we compared @entity10 -5 and @entity2 -4 mRNA and protein expression in two @entity0 cell lines: MCF-7 (ER+) and MDA-MB-231 (ERalpha-). RESULTS: All five SSTRs and four ErbBs were variably expressed as both cell surface and cytoplasmic proteins. In both cell lines, @entity11 and @entity10 were highly expressed, followed by @entity6 and @entity7 with @entity9 being the least expressed subtype, at the protein level. ErbBs were variably expressed with @entity2 as the predominant subtype in both cell lines. @entity2 is followed by @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity8 in MCF-7 at both the protein and mRNA levels. In MDA-MB-231 cells, @entity2 is followed by @entity3 , @entity8 and @entity5 . Our results indicate significant correlations at the level of mRNA and protein expression in a cell and receptor-specific manner. Using indirect immunofluorescence, we found that, in MCF-7 cells, @entity7 was the most prominent subtype coexpressed with ErbBs followed by @entity9 , @entity11 , @entity10 and @entity6 , respectively. In MDA-MB-231 cells, @entity10 colocalized strongly with ErbBs followed by @entity7 , @entity11 , @entity9 and @entity6 . ErbBs displayed higher levels of colocalization amongst themselves in MCF-7 cells than in MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION: These findings may explain the poor response to endocrine therapy in ER- @entity1 . Differential distribution of SSTR subtypes with ErbBs in @entity0 cells in a receptor-specific manner may be considered as a novel diagnosis for @entity0 .

title: Colocalization of XXXX receptors and epidermal growth factor receptors in @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 receptor (SSTR) expression is positively correlated with @entity1 size and inversely correlated with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) levels and @entity1 differentiation. In the present study, we compared @entity10 -5 and @entity2 -4 mRNA and protein expression in two @entity0 cell lines: MCF-7 (ER+) and MDA-MB-231 (ERalpha-). RESULTS: All five SSTRs and four ErbBs were variably expressed as both cell surface and cytoplasmic proteins. In both cell lines, @entity11 and @entity10 were highly expressed, followed by @entity6 and @entity7 with @entity9 being the least expressed subtype, at the protein level. ErbBs were variably expressed with @entity2 as the predominant subtype in both cell lines. @entity2 is followed by @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity8 in MCF-7 at both the protein and mRNA levels. In MDA-MB-231 cells, @entity2 is followed by @entity3 , @entity8 and @entity5 . Our results indicate significant correlations at the level of mRNA and protein expression in a cell and receptor-specific manner. Using indirect immunofluorescence, we found that, in MCF-7 cells, @entity7 was the most prominent subtype coexpressed with ErbBs followed by @entity9 , @entity11 , @entity10 and @entity6 , respectively. In MDA-MB-231 cells, @entity10 colocalized strongly with ErbBs followed by @entity7 , @entity11 , @entity9 and @entity6 . ErbBs displayed higher levels of colocalization amongst themselves in MCF-7 cells than in MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION: These findings may explain the poor response to endocrine therapy in ER- @entity1 . Differential distribution of SSTR subtypes with ErbBs in @entity0 cells in a receptor-specific manner may be considered as a novel diagnosis for @entity0 .

title: Colocalization of @entity4 receptors and epidermal growth factor receptors in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Spermatic @entity3 are rare @entity1 and standard treatment consists of radical orchiectomy and high cord ligation. We report a case of a @entity4 successfully treated by enucleation. A 22-year-old @entity0 presented with a 6-months history of @entity2 . Physical examination revealed a right paratesticular nodule about 0.5 cm in diameter. Inguinal exploration and nodule biopsy were performed. It was thought to be a benign epididymal nodule on a quick section and the @entity1 was enucleated and sent for paraffin section. Histology and immunohistochemistry were compatible with @entity4 . The @entity0 was advised to undergo radical orchiectomy with high cord ligation. However, he refused surgery. An alternative approach with clinical, biochemical and radiological follow-up was adopted. The @entity0 has been followed up for thirteen years and shows no evidence of disease.

title: XXXX treated by enucleation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: The etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of @entity1 of cerebral and spinal origin are reviewed, with emphasis on treatment with intrathecal @entity2 and the role of pharmacists in @entity0 management. SUMMARY: Spasticity is a motor symptom characterized by neurologic etiology and involuntary, velocity-dependent @entity3 . Its severity can vary, and its effects on activities of daily living and quality of life can be significant. Since the pathophysiology of @entity1 is not fully understood and since it is associated with many underlying conditions, its treatment can be complex, often requiring a multidisciplinary approach involving physicians, therapists, nurses, and pharmacists. Setting achievable goals based on individual @entity0 assessment and needs should drive therapy decisions. @entity2 injection concentrate for intrathecal administration has FDA-approved labeling for use in @entity0 with severe @entity1 who are intolerant or unresponsive to other therapies. Due to its intrathecal delivery, adverse effects are minimized, and @entity0 response is enhanced. Pharmacists should remain knowledgeable about therapy management in @entity0 receiving treatment for @entity1 , including adverse event monitoring, infusion device complications, and dosage adjustments. If compounded intrathecal baclofen preparations are used, pharmacists should consider potency and sterility issues associated with high-risk level compounded sterile preparations and the potential for deviations in potency and sterility that may affect @entity0 safety and outcomes. CONCLUSION: When managing @entity1 symptoms, a comprehensive treatment plan as well as a multidisciplinary approach is required. Pharmacists should be well-versed in @entity1 treatment, particular intrathecal therapies since close monitoring, dosage adjustment, concentration accuracy, and product sterility are necessary for optimal @entity0 outcomes.

title: Considerations in the treatment of XXXX with intrathecal baclofen.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Skeletal responses to damage are significant for understanding the etiology of @entity3 and possibly @entity4 . We refined the @entity1 forelimb-loading model to produce a range of sub- @entity2 damage levels during in vivo cyclic loading. A total of 98 right forelimbs of anesthetized, male, 5-month old Fischer @entity1 were loaded cyclically (2 Hz) in axial compression. @entity1 were killed immediately after loading. In the first experiment, forelimbs were loaded to @entity2 , which occurred after an increase in peak displacement of 2.0+/-0.2 mm, independent of peak force or cycle number. In the next experiment, we loaded forelimbs at a constant peak force until the peak displacement increased by 0.6-1.8 mm (30-90% of @entity2 ). Mechanical properties of the loaded (right) and contralateral control (left) ulnae were determined ex vivo using three-point bending, and cracks were analyzed using micro-computed tomography. Results demonstrated a dose-response between increased forelimb displacement and @entity0 , with four discrete damage levels. "Low" damage was produced by cyclic loading to 30% of @entity2 , with no visible cracks and a 10% strength loss. "Mild" damage was produced by loading to 45% of @entity2 , with variable linear cracks and 20% strength loss. "Moderate" damage was produced by loading to 60-75% of @entity2 , with consistent linear cracks and 40% strength loss. "High" damage was produced by loading to 85-90% of @entity2 , with branching cracks and 60% strength loss. This loading model will be useful for examining biological responses to a range of sub- @entity2 damage levels in future experiments.

title: Use of the XXXX forelimb compression model to create discrete levels of bone damage in vivo.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We applied @entity0 -PAGE, 2D-PAGE and Western blot to analyse the outer envelopes protein and LPS of five strains of leptospires. The work would lay foundations for taxonomy, the development of vaccination regimens and the elucidation of pathogenic mechanisms. The outer envelope proteins of leptospires were analyzed by @entity0 -PAGE and @entity1 staining. We found that the protein profiles of the pathogenic leptospires were basically identical. A comparison of the protein profiles of the pathogenic L. with those exhibited by two nonpathogenic L. indicated that there was no obvious relationship between these organisms and any of the @entity2 strains examined. The quantity of 21.5 kd protein of strain 017 was greater than that of strain 601 and 156. Approximately 200, 225, 238 distinct polypeptides were detected in the strain 017, 601 and 156 in 2D-PAGE by @entity1 staining respectively. The profiles of 2D-PAGe showed obvious differences in pI. The pI of strain 017, 601 and 156 were mainly 6.68-7.4, 6.55-6.9, 5.85-7.1 respectively. The 21.5 kd protein of strain 017 was made up of six polypeptides. Our immunoblots revealed that McAb (LB1) reacted with a 41 kd antigen, which was common to the three virulent leptospires tested. @entity0 -PAGE profiles of @entity1 stained outer envelope LPS of pathogenic L. differed greatly from those of the nonpathogenic L. There was a distinct differences between strain Patoc I and 3055. Our studies showed that each of the five strains of leptospires possessed characteristic outer envelope LPS, which may be used to identify the genus, species and serovars of a strain of L.

title: [Comparative study of outer envelope protein and LPS of five strains of leptospires by XXXX -PAGE and 2D-PAGE].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the audiologic phenotype in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. @entity0 : One hundred eighty-two @entity0 with genetically confirmed @entity3 , aged 3 to 89 years. INTERVENTION: Diagnostic hearing evaluation through otoadmittance and acoustic stapedius reflex measurements, pure tone, and speech audiometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Prevalence, type, severity, symmetry, and audiometric configuration of the @entity1 in @entity3 . Progression of hearing thresholds was determined by constructing age-related typical audiograms. RESULTS: Approximately 52.2% of all @entity3 @entity0 demonstrated @entity1 unilaterally (7.7%) or bilaterally (44.5%). Pure conductive, mixed, and pure @entity2 were observed in 8.5%, 37.8%, and 11.6% of @entity3 ears, respectively. Multiple linear regression revealed that thresholds progressed by 0.5 dB/yr at 0.25 kHz to 0.8 dB/yr at 0.8 kHz in the ears with conductive or mixed @entity1 . Pure @entity2 progressed by less than 0.1 dB/yr at 0.25 kHz to 1.2 dB/yr at 8.0 kHz. Audiometric configuration was predominantly flat (70.5%) in the ears with conductive/mixed loss and sloping (50.0%) in those with pure @entity2 . CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity3 are at risk for @entity1 . The @entity1 in @entity3 may initiate at a young age and is progressive. However, the rate of progression, as well as the @entity1 severity, onset, and configuration depend on the type of @entity1 , which may be conductive/mixed or pure sensorineural. For both types, age-related threshold audiograms are constructed and may help the clinician to estimate the course of the @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity3 . In addition, they may be valuable to distinguish between @entity1 associated with @entity3 and other similar forms of @entity1 , such as in @entity4 .

title: Audiologic phenotype of XXXX : use in clinical differentiation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treated but uncontrolled @entity1 is highly prevalent in African American and Hispanic communities. OBJECTIVE: To test the effectiveness on blood pressure of home blood pressure monitors alone or in combination with follow-up by a nurse manager. DESIGN: Randomized controlled effectiveness trial. @entity0 : Four hundred and sixteen African American or Hispanic @entity0 with a history of uncontrolled @entity1 . @entity0 with blood pressure >= 150/95, or >= 140/85 for @entity0 with @entity2 , at enrollment were recruited from one community clinic and four hospital outpatient clinics in East and Central Harlem, New York City. INTERVENTION: @entity0 were randomized to receive usual care or a home blood pressure monitor plus one in- @entity0 counseling session and 9 months of telephone follow-up with a registered nurse. During the trial, the home monitor alone arm was added. MAIN MEASURES: Change in systolic and diastolic blood pressure at 9 and 18  months. KEY RESULTS: Changes from baseline to 9  months in systolic blood pressure relative to usual care was -7.0  mm Hg (Confidence Interval [CI], -13.4 to -0.6) in the nurse management plus home blood pressure monitor arm, and +1.1  mm Hg (95% CI, -5.5 to 7.8) in the home blood pressure monitor only arm. No statistically significant differences in systolic blood pressure were observed among treatment arms at 18  months. No statistically significant improvements in diastolic blood pressure were found across treatment arms at 9 or 18  months. Changes in prescribing practices did not explain the decrease in blood pressure in the nurse management arm. CONCLUSIONS: A nurse management intervention combining an in- @entity0 visit, periodic phone calls, and home blood pressure monitoring over 9  months was associated with a statistically significant reduction in systolic, but not diastolic, blood pressure compared to usual care in a high risk population. Home blood pressure monitoring alone was no more effective than usual care.

title: Nurse-led disease management for XXXX control in a diverse urban community: a randomized trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Acupuncture has been used successfully for the treatment of urinary @entity3 . The aim of this study was therefore to investigate if manual acupuncture might also affect @entity2 favorably. METHODS: The study comprises 15 female @entity0 , median age 60 years (39 -75). Before treatment and at regular intervals after acupuncture sessions the defects of anal continence were assessed. Ano-rectal function was assessed by means of recto anal manovolumetry. Each @entity0 was submitted to one acupuncture treatment per week for a ten-week period. Subsequently, a control session was repeated once per month up to 7 months for six @entity0 . A final functional assessment was performed at 18 months. RESULT: @entity0 experienced a significant improvement in anal continence, the overall continence score which changed from 10 (3 -21) estimated before treatment to zero (0 - 7) (p<0.05) at 10 weeks. @entity0 with irregular bowel habits and/or loose stools reported significant improvement. On the manovolumetric variables a limited increase of resting from 25 (17-35) mmHg to 36 (20-42) mmHg, (p=0.05) and sustained squeeze anal pressure, changing from 41 (32-68) mmHg to 60 (40-100) mmHg (p<0.05) were reported. Rectal sensory function remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: Acupuncture offers good opportunities for improving @entity2 . The mechanism of action is obscure but might be an effect of the "neuromodulation" of the recto-anal function similar to that explaining the favorable results achieved by sacral nerve stimulation. The concomitant regulation of @entity1 may also contribute to the satisfactory results.

title: XXXX treated with acupuncture--a pilot study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The role of the brain-gut axis interaction in the pathogenesis of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is not well understood. To examine this possibility, a novel @entity1 model of @entity6 subjected to both @entity8 ( @entity8 ) was established. G proteins play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of @entity2 . The @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and the @entity4 reuptake transporter (NET) determine the sympathetic signal activity. It is conceivable that stress may induce brain G proteins, colonic alpha(2A)-ARs, and NET abnormal expression, which may be responsible for the abnormalities in @entity6 . @entity5 , and secretion were assessed by counting fecal pellets, abdominal muscle contractions in response to @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and short-circuit current study, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to investigate the expression of G proteins, alpha(2A)-ARs, and NET. Compared with control animals, the colonic epithelial secretion, fecal pellets, and numbers of @entity9 induced by @entity0 were significantly higher in both @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity8 @entity1 . However, the G proteins, @entity7 , and NET expression changed differently in @entity3 and @entity8 @entity1 . We showed that exposure to either @entity3 or @entity8 would cause the increase of secretion, motility, and sensation, but the change of protein expression in brain-gut axis was different. It may be responsible for the pathogenesis of @entity6 .

title: Changes in brain G proteins and colonic sympathetic neural signaling in chronic-acute combined stress @entity1 model of XXXX ( @entity6 ).

answer: @entity6


abstract: The role of the brain-gut axis interaction in the pathogenesis of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is not well understood. To examine this possibility, a novel @entity1 model of @entity6 subjected to both @entity8 ( @entity8 ) was established. G proteins play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of @entity2 . The @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and the @entity4 reuptake transporter (NET) determine the sympathetic signal activity. It is conceivable that stress may induce brain G proteins, colonic alpha(2A)-ARs, and NET abnormal expression, which may be responsible for the abnormalities in @entity6 . @entity5 , and secretion were assessed by counting fecal pellets, abdominal muscle contractions in response to @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and short-circuit current study, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to investigate the expression of G proteins, alpha(2A)-ARs, and NET. Compared with control animals, the colonic epithelial secretion, fecal pellets, and numbers of @entity9 induced by @entity0 were significantly higher in both @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity8 @entity1 . However, the G proteins, @entity7 , and NET expression changed differently in @entity3 and @entity8 @entity1 . We showed that exposure to either @entity3 or @entity8 would cause the increase of secretion, motility, and sensation, but the change of protein expression in brain-gut axis was different. It may be responsible for the pathogenesis of @entity6 .

title: Changes in brain G proteins and colonic sympathetic neural signaling in chronic-acute combined stress @entity1 model of @entity6 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity6


abstract: The role of the brain-gut axis interaction in the pathogenesis of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is not well understood. To examine this possibility, a novel @entity1 model of @entity6 subjected to both @entity8 ( @entity8 ) was established. G proteins play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of @entity2 . The @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and the @entity4 reuptake transporter (NET) determine the sympathetic signal activity. It is conceivable that stress may induce brain G proteins, colonic alpha(2A)-ARs, and NET abnormal expression, which may be responsible for the abnormalities in @entity6 . @entity5 , and secretion were assessed by counting fecal pellets, abdominal muscle contractions in response to @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and short-circuit current study, respectively. Western blot analysis was used to investigate the expression of G proteins, alpha(2A)-ARs, and NET. Compared with control animals, the colonic epithelial secretion, fecal pellets, and numbers of @entity9 induced by @entity0 were significantly higher in both @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity8 @entity1 . However, the G proteins, @entity7 , and NET expression changed differently in @entity3 and @entity8 @entity1 . We showed that exposure to either @entity3 or @entity8 would cause the increase of secretion, motility, and sensation, but the change of protein expression in brain-gut axis was different. It may be responsible for the pathogenesis of @entity6 .

title: Changes in brain G proteins and colonic sympathetic neural signaling in chronic-acute combined stress XXXX model of @entity6 ( @entity6 ).

answer: @entity1


abstract: Proteasome regulates diverse cellular functions by eliminating ubiquitinated proteins. Protein kinase A (PKA) is a key regulator of proteasome activity. However, it remains unknown how PKA regulates proteasome activity and whether it controls proteasome activity in in vivo hearts. Both the in vitro peptidase assay and the in-gel peptidase assays showed that the treatment with PKA for 30 min dose-dependently activated purified 26S proteasome. Simultaneously, PKA treatment enhanced phosphorylation and assembly of purified 26S proteasome evaluated by non-reducing native @entity4 gel electrophoresis, either of which was blunted by the pretreatment with a PKA inhibitor, @entity7 . In in vivo @entity1 hearts, proteasome assembly and activity were enhanced 30 min after the exogenous or endogenous stimulation of PKA by the intracoronary administration of @entity5 or @entity3 for 30 min or by @entity0 ( @entity0 ) with 4 times of repeated 5 min of @entity0 . The intracoronary administration of @entity7 blunted the enhancement of proteasome assembly and activity by @entity0 . Myocardial proteasome activity at the end of @entity0 was decreased compared with the control, however, it did not differ from the control in @entity1 with @entity0 . @entity0 decreased the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in the @entity1 @entity0 /reperfusion myocardium, which was blunted by the intracoronary administration of a proteasome inhibitor, @entity6 . However, proteasome activation by @entity0 was not involved in its @entity2 size-limiting effects. These findings indicate that PKA rapidly enhances proteasome assembly and activity in in vivo hearts. Further investigation will be needed to clarify pathophysiological roles of PKA-mediated proteasome activation in @entity0 /reperfusion hearts.

title: PKA rapidly enhances proteasome assembly and activity in in vivo XXXX hearts.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Bone marrow biopsies of 720 @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were investigated from 1968-1989. Histologic variables were correlated with clinical parameters and survivals to determine prognostic factors. In 207 of these @entity0 initial levels of serum @entity6 (SB2M) were also measured for prognostic evaluation. Four @entity1 growth patterns were distinguished: interstitial (56%), interstitial/sheets (13%), nodular (15%) and packed marrow (16%) with median survivals of 46, 31, 22 and 16 months. When grouped according to the @entity1 cell mass in the biopsy, four histologic stages were recognized. Cellular characteristics were used to classify @entity5 into 6 histologic types which were subsequently combined into 3 grades of @entity1 : low, intermediate and high, analogous to the @entity4 . With respect to @entity1 products, only SB2M proved to be a valuable prognostic indicator for staging and follow-up. Complications of @entity5 such as @entity2 , azotaemia, @entity3 , hypercalcaemia and hypoalbuminaemia all predicted a poor prognosis, highly significant in the test statistics. We propose a new prognostic approach in @entity5 , comprising 1) parameters defining the @entity1 itself, 2) the @entity1 products (SB2M) and 3) the @entity1 complications. This prognostic strategy combines information both on stage and @entity1 of @entity5 and enables definition of smouldering and of aggressive variants of @entity5 at an early stage.

title: Bone marrow histology and serum XXXX in @entity5 --a new prognostic strategy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Bone marrow biopsies of 720 @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were investigated from 1968-1989. Histologic variables were correlated with clinical parameters and survivals to determine prognostic factors. In 207 of these @entity0 initial levels of serum @entity6 (SB2M) were also measured for prognostic evaluation. Four @entity1 growth patterns were distinguished: interstitial (56%), interstitial/sheets (13%), nodular (15%) and packed marrow (16%) with median survivals of 46, 31, 22 and 16 months. When grouped according to the @entity1 cell mass in the biopsy, four histologic stages were recognized. Cellular characteristics were used to classify @entity5 into 6 histologic types which were subsequently combined into 3 grades of @entity1 : low, intermediate and high, analogous to the @entity4 . With respect to @entity1 products, only SB2M proved to be a valuable prognostic indicator for staging and follow-up. Complications of @entity5 such as @entity2 , azotaemia, @entity3 , hypercalcaemia and hypoalbuminaemia all predicted a poor prognosis, highly significant in the test statistics. We propose a new prognostic approach in @entity5 , comprising 1) parameters defining the @entity1 itself, 2) the @entity1 products (SB2M) and 3) the @entity1 complications. This prognostic strategy combines information both on stage and @entity1 of @entity5 and enables definition of smouldering and of aggressive variants of @entity5 at an early stage.

title: Bone marrow histology and serum @entity6 in XXXX --a new prognostic strategy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: With the purpose of studying changes in the expression of glycoconjugate structures in urothelium, nine different lectins (PNA, WGA, VFA, GSA II, @entity8 , UEA I, LCA, @entity7 and HPA) with specificity for mono- or oligo-saccharides were used on @entity3 -fixed, @entity4 -embedded tissue sections from 47 @entity0 who had undergone surgical resection for @entity2 and on normal urothelial biopsies from 10 @entity0 . The @entity1 were graded and a lectinohistochemical method using biotinylated lectins and avidin- @entity6 -peroxidase complex was used to demonstrate the lectin binding. Positive staining reactions of cells in cytoplasm and on membranes were evaluated in the basal, the intermediate, and the luminal cell layers, respectively. In both normal and atypical urothelium lectin binding predominated in the luminal cell layer and decreased towards the basal cell layer. In normal urothelium all lectins stained greater than 66% of the cells in the luminal cell layer in cytoplasm and between 5 and 100% of the cells on membranes depending on the lectin used. A gradual loss of lectin-binding structures was seen with increasing grade of atypia. The range of this decrease varied considerably from one lectin to another, but it was consistently found that the percentage of cells stained in cytoplasm and on membranes decreased. A significantly lower percentage of cells stained in cytoplasm was found in invasive @entity1 cell-islands compared to normal urothelium. In invasive @entity1 cell-islands staining of cells on membranes was completely absent, except for HPA lectin that stained less than 10% of the cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate a dramatic decrease in lectin-binding @entity5 structures associated with urothelial malignant progression.

title: Lectinohistochemistry of @entity0 XXXX : loss of lectin binding structures in invasive carcinomas.

answer: @entity2


abstract: With the purpose of studying changes in the expression of glycoconjugate structures in urothelium, nine different lectins (PNA, WGA, VFA, GSA II, @entity8 , UEA I, LCA, @entity7 and HPA) with specificity for mono- or oligo-saccharides were used on @entity3 -fixed, @entity4 -embedded tissue sections from 47 @entity0 who had undergone surgical resection for @entity2 and on normal urothelial biopsies from 10 @entity0 . The @entity1 were graded and a lectinohistochemical method using biotinylated lectins and avidin- @entity6 -peroxidase complex was used to demonstrate the lectin binding. Positive staining reactions of cells in cytoplasm and on membranes were evaluated in the basal, the intermediate, and the luminal cell layers, respectively. In both normal and atypical urothelium lectin binding predominated in the luminal cell layer and decreased towards the basal cell layer. In normal urothelium all lectins stained greater than 66% of the cells in the luminal cell layer in cytoplasm and between 5 and 100% of the cells on membranes depending on the lectin used. A gradual loss of lectin-binding structures was seen with increasing grade of atypia. The range of this decrease varied considerably from one lectin to another, but it was consistently found that the percentage of cells stained in cytoplasm and on membranes decreased. A significantly lower percentage of cells stained in cytoplasm was found in invasive @entity1 cell-islands compared to normal urothelium. In invasive @entity1 cell-islands staining of cells on membranes was completely absent, except for HPA lectin that stained less than 10% of the cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate a dramatic decrease in lectin-binding @entity5 structures associated with urothelial malignant progression.

title: Lectinohistochemistry of XXXX @entity2 : loss of lectin binding structures in invasive carcinomas.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Objective. Acute @entity1 often spontaneously resolves. This study aimed to investigate the outcomes and satisfaction of an evidence-based @entity2 protocol employing a "wait and see" approach. Methods. A prospective observational cohort study of adult @entity0 presenting to the Emergency Department with stable acute @entity1 was performed. @entity0 were excluded if they were considered to be unstable, need hospitalization, or poor candidates for @entity2 procedural sedation. Routine care was provided on the index visit, and suitable candidates were discharged and asked to return to the @entity2 the following day for possible electrical cardioversion. Outcome measures included spontaneous reversion to sinus rhythm, success of cardioversion, length of stay, adverse event and return visits for AF within 30 days, and @entity0 satisfaction. Results. Thirty five @entity0 encounters were analysed over a 21-month period. Twenty two of the 35 @entity0 (63%) had spontaneous resolution of @entity1 upon presentation for potential cardioversion. All of the remaining @entity0 underwent successful cardioversion to normal sinus rhythm without significant adverse events recorded. No @entity0 required hospitalization. Three @entity0 (9%) returned to the @entity2 within 30 days for recurrence of @entity1 . All @entity0 were reported to be "very satisfied" with this approach. Conclusion. A "wait and see" approach to the @entity2 electrical cardioversion of @entity1 showed that almost two-thirds of @entity0 had spontaneous resolution without requiring cardioversion or observation in the @entity2 or hospital. All @entity0 were successfully reverted to normal sinus rhythm and had a high degree of satisfaction.

title: "Wait and see" approach to the emergency department cardioversion of acute XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11 can lead to devastating @entity3 and present a complex problem to treat. We report a unique case of a @entity5 (PCoA) @entity6 presenting with @entity8 . CASE DESCRIPTION: A 39-year-old @entity0 presented with the acute onset of severe @entity2 and @entity4 loss. The @entity0 described @entity2 for several months prior to presentation. However, prior to the day of presentation, he had no visual disturbance. A CT angiogram (CTA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed a 1.6-cm, non-contrast enhancing suprasellar mass, eccentric to the left side, consistent with hemorrhagic mass. There was no obvious @entity6 or @entity10 . The sella tursica was normal in appearance. The @entity0 was taken for an immediate endoscopic endonasal transtuberculum approach for @entity12 . @entity9 without an associated @entity1 was encountered and partially evacuated before aborting with resultant partial improvement in vision. A subsequent cerebral angiogram revealed an irregularly shaped, postero-laterally pointing, 2.5-mm left PCoA @entity6 . The @entity0 was then taken for open clipping of the @entity11 . A large, fibrinous capsule was found over the superolateral aspect of the @entity6 . The @entity11 was secured with clips and the surrounding @entity9 was evacuated. CONCLUSION: In the immediate postoperative period, the @entity0 regained vision in the nasal field of his right eye. This case illustrates a unique presentation of a ruptured PCoA @entity6 , and thus must be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity7 resulting in @entity4 in absence of a recognizable associated @entity1 .

title: Posterior communicating XXXX rupture mimicking apoplexy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In @entity5 and @entity7 , free @entity6 ( @entity8 ) and @entity4 ( @entity10 ), respectively, accumulate in erythrocytes. That PPIX and @entity10 bind to @entity0 hemoglobin A ( @entity9 ) is established, but the site of binding is still a matter of controversy. We investigated the interaction of @entity10 with intact, tetrameric oxy @entity9 , using batch microcalorimetry, front-face fluorometry, absorption difference spectroscopy, @entity1 equilibrium studies, and isoelectric focusing (IEF). In the presence of oxy @entity9 (pH 7.35, 0.05 M @entity2 ), the fluorescence emission maximum (excitation at 420 nm) of @entity10 immediately shifts from 587 nm ( @entity10 alone) to 594 nm, as expected when binding to protein. The fluorescence intensity increases with time and is correlated with the @entity10 : @entity9 mole ratio. A slow, time-dependent reaction is also observed with microcalorimetry: the rate of heat of reaction exhibits both a fast and a slow component. The heats of reaction range from -2.1 to -14.8 mcal depending upon the @entity10 : @entity9 ratio of 4:1 (0.4 mM:0.1 mM) to 38:1 (3.8 mM:0.1 mM), respectively, and are typical of weak, noncovalent protein-ligand interactions. The optical difference spectra are a function of the @entity10 : @entity9 molar ratio and also exhibit a slow increase in intensity over time. No time-dependent optical difference spectra are observed with @entity10 or with @entity9 alone. The @entity1 affinity of @entity9 in the presence of @entity10 decreases with increasing mole ratio. During IEF, all @entity10 separates from @entity9 , consistent with a weak, noncovalent interaction at a non- @entity3 pocket site. We conclude that @entity10 binds to intact, tetrameric hemoglobin at non- @entity3 pocket sites in a nonspecific, weak, noncovalent interaction.

title: Interaction of XXXX with intact oxyhemoglobin.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) is the diagnostic tool of choice for local staging of @entity2 . The accuracy in determining of @entity1 infiltration depth has been reported to reach 95% (on average, 85%). The aim of the study was to analyse the diagnostic accuracy of the TRUS in the clinical routine. @entity0 AND METHODS: From 01/01/2000 to 12/31/2003, all @entity0 with @entity2 were enrolled in a prospective multicenter observational study. In case of complete findings of pre-operative TRUS and post-operative histological investigation of the surgical specimen on the @entity1 infiltration depth, overall accuracy of TRUS was determined. RESULTS: Overall, 13,610 @entity0 with @entity2 were enrolled in the study. Five thousand and fifty-six subjects (37%) underwent TRUS. In 3,501 @entity0 , TRUS finding (uT-stage) could be compared with the result of the definitive histologic investigation (pT-stage). The accuracy of TRUS in all T-stages was 65.8%. The highest sensitivity was achieved in the T3-stage (74.9%), while in T2, T1, and T4, it was 59.6, 59.0 and 31.1%, respectively. In discriminating @entity1 growth limited to the rectal wall vs that through the rectal wall into the neighboring tissue, TRUS-associated accuracy was 76.5%. There were no differences between various @entity1 locations above the anocutaneous line. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic accuracy of TRUS in determining depth of @entity1 infiltration within or through the rectum wall in the routinuous diagnostic of @entity2 does not reach the excellent published study results. A considerable improvement of the qualitative outcome in using this specific diagnostic tool appears to be recommendable to utilize its advantages such as high accuracy, efficacy, and practicability in the diagnostic process and deriving consequences for a possible neoadjuvant treatment as well as optimal planning of the surgical approach.

title: Feasibility and accuracy of TRUS in the pre-treatment staging for XXXX in general practice.

answer: @entity2


abstract: a-synuclein ( @entity4 ) has been postulated to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). However, the physiological functions of @entity4 and the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying @entity2 remain unclear. Recent studies suggest that @entity4 plays dual roles of neuroprotection and @entity3 depending on its concentration or level of expression. In the present study, we explored the potential mechanisms for @entity4 to regulate neuronal survival. @entity4 at different concentrations (0.1 to 40 mumol/L) with or without 50 mumol/L @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were added into the culture medium of the SH-SY5Y dopaminergic neural cells. The cell viability was measured on post-treatment day 1, 2 and 3. The activity of proteasome inhibited by @entity4 was tested by a proteasome activity assay system after 2 h of @entity4 treatment. According to the activity of proteasome inhibited by @entity4 , the correlative dose of proteasome inhibitor-- @entity7 (10 nmol/L to 5 mumol/L) with or without 50 mumol/L @entity5 were used and the cell viability was assayed on post-treatment day 1, 2 and 3. The results showed that @entity4 played dual roles of neuroprotection and @entity3 depending on its concentration. At low concentration (0.1 to 5 mumol/L), @entity4 promoted the proliferation and protected neurons against the @entity3 of @entity5 ; in contrast, at high concentration (10 to 40 mumol/L), @entity4 possessed @entity0 . The results of @entity7 treatment implied that the dual roles of @entity4 were related to the moderate and strong inhibition of proteasome activity. The @entity8 specific inhibitor @entity6 completely blocked the protection of both @entity4 and @entity7 , suggesting that MAPK pathway might be involved in the neuroprotection of @entity4 .

title: [Dual effects of different concentrations of alpha-synuclein on the @entity3 of XXXX in SH-SY5Y cells].

answer: @entity5


abstract: a-synuclein ( @entity4 ) has been postulated to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). However, the physiological functions of @entity4 and the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying @entity2 remain unclear. Recent studies suggest that @entity4 plays dual roles of neuroprotection and @entity3 depending on its concentration or level of expression. In the present study, we explored the potential mechanisms for @entity4 to regulate neuronal survival. @entity4 at different concentrations (0.1 to 40 mumol/L) with or without 50 mumol/L @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were added into the culture medium of the SH-SY5Y dopaminergic neural cells. The cell viability was measured on post-treatment day 1, 2 and 3. The activity of proteasome inhibited by @entity4 was tested by a proteasome activity assay system after 2 h of @entity4 treatment. According to the activity of proteasome inhibited by @entity4 , the correlative dose of proteasome inhibitor-- @entity7 (10 nmol/L to 5 mumol/L) with or without 50 mumol/L @entity5 were used and the cell viability was assayed on post-treatment day 1, 2 and 3. The results showed that @entity4 played dual roles of neuroprotection and @entity3 depending on its concentration. At low concentration (0.1 to 5 mumol/L), @entity4 promoted the proliferation and protected neurons against the @entity3 of @entity5 ; in contrast, at high concentration (10 to 40 mumol/L), @entity4 possessed @entity0 . The results of @entity7 treatment implied that the dual roles of @entity4 were related to the moderate and strong inhibition of proteasome activity. The @entity8 specific inhibitor @entity6 completely blocked the protection of both @entity4 and @entity7 , suggesting that MAPK pathway might be involved in the neuroprotection of @entity4 .

title: [Dual effects of different concentrations of alpha-synuclein on the XXXX of @entity5 in SH-SY5Y cells].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Currently over 5000 @entity0 are receiving hemodialysis in Australia, which is an increase by approximately 7% each year. Distal @entity2 secondary to the steal syndrome ( @entity6 ) is an uncommon but recognized complication. Several methods are now available to manage this problem including ligation, banding, and distal revascularization with interval ligation (DRIL). The aim of this report is to review the experience of the authors on this complication and its management at Royal Perth Hospital. METHODS: The Vascular Physiology Laboratory Database was used to identify those @entity0 referred for investigation of @entity6 . Data were collected retrospectively from these @entity0 ' files concerning their demographics, graft particulars, and type of interventional procedure. @entity0 were then recalled to assess long-term patency and current venous access and for postoperative vascular studies. RESULTS: Eighteen @entity0 were identified with @entity2 symptoms. The mean age was 66 (range, 44 to 82). Fourteen (77.8%) were @entity0 , and 15 (83.3%) were @entity1 . @entity4 was secondary to @entity1 in 8 @entity0 , @entity3 in 3, and a combination of both in 7 @entity0 . Intervention was via the DRIL procedure in 12, ligation in 5, and banding in 1. One @entity0 underwent angioplasty of the ulnar artery before DRIL. At follow-up (between 1 and 12 months), all DRIL bypass were patents. The 5 ligated @entity0 all improved, and the @entity0 who underwent banding thrombosed their graft. CONCLUSION: The DRIL procedure should be considered the standard operation to manage @entity6 in that it manages the @entity2 while maintaining the functional @entity5 . It is, however, still necessary to ligate some fistulae and seek alternative access. There are still no preoperative indicators as to who will suffer @entity6 .

title: XXXX : a case series and review of current management.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To prospectively determine whether the addition of an intraarticular anesthetic to the magnetic resonance (MR) arthrography solution has an effect on periprocedural @entity1 , motion artifacts, and imaging time. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was approved by the institutional review board, and written informed consent was obtained from all @entity0 . From September 2009 to March 2010, 127 @entity0 , most imaged for shoulder @entity1 , were randomized into two groups. The first group (group A, 63 @entity0 ) received intraarticular injection of @entity3 , @entity2 0.5%, and normal saline in a ratio of 1:100:100. The second group (group B, 64 @entity0 ) received intraarticular injection of @entity3 and normal saline in a ratio of 1:200. @entity1 was assessed before and after injection and immediately after 1.5-T MR imaging and rated on a scale of 0 to 10. Motion artifact was assessed by two musculoskeletal radiologists and two fellows by using a scale of 0 to 3 (0=no artifact, 1=artifact present but not affecting diagnostic image quality, 2=artifact present and diminishing diagnostic image quality, and 3=artifact present and rendering image nondiagnostic). MR imaging time and examinations with repeated sequences were recorded. Wilcoxon rank sum, analysis of covariance, and permutation data analyses were performed. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 levels before injection, after injection, and after MR imaging were 3.5, 2.3, and 2.5, respectively, for group A and 3.6, 3.1, and 3.2 for group B. After adjusting for age, sex, and preinjection @entity1 level, the mean differences in pre- and postinjection @entity1 and preinjection @entity1 and post-MR imaging @entity1 between the two groups were -0.9 (P=.017) and -0.8 (P=.056), respectively. No significant difference in mean total MR imaging time or number of @entity0 with repeat sequences was noted. Radiologists 1 and 2 recorded grade 2 or 3 motion in six and five @entity0 , respectively, in group A and 15 and 14 @entity0 , respectively, in group B (P=.047 and .048, respectively). Radiologists 3 and 4 recorded grade 2 or 3 motion in 13 and 23 @entity0 , respectively, in group A and 23 and 33 @entity0 , respectively, in group B (P=.093 and .110, respectively). CONCLUSION: The use of an intraarticular anesthetic significantly reduces periprocedural @entity1 and major motion artifacts associated with MR shoulder arthrography; however, total MR imaging time is not reduced.

title: Shoulder MR arthrography: intraarticular anesthetic reduces periprocedural XXXX and major motion artifacts but does not decrease imaging time.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in adolescents and the prevalence of comorbid @entity2 in adolescents with @entity6 . METHOD: During stage 1 of the study the Eating Attitude Test (EAT) was administered to 2907 randomly selected adolescent students. During stage 2 of the study students with an EAT score >30 underwent a clinical interview and those diagnosed with an @entity8 (based on DSM-IV criteria) were included in the @entity8 group. The control group included students that were age- and sex-matched with the @entity8 group, were not diagnosed with an @entity8 , and had an EAT score <30. Psychiatric comorbidity in the @entity8 and control groups was evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (outpatient and non- @entity0 forms). Additionally, a demographic data form, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered to all the @entity0 . RESULTS: In total, 68 (9 male and 59 female) of the 2907 students met the diagnostic criteria for an @entity8 . Point prevalence rates were as follows: @entity7 : 0.034%; bulimia nervosa: 0.79%: eating disorder not otherwise specified: 1.51%; @entity9 : 0.99%; any @entity8 : 2.33%. None of the male @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity7 . In all, 8 male students were diagnosed with @entity9 . The prevalence of comorbid @entity2 was higher in the @entity8 group. @entity4 was the most prevalent @entity1 in the @entity8 group, followed by @entity3 and @entity5 . The body mass index, and BDI, BAI, and EAT scores were higher in the @entity8 group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that whereas the point prevalence rate for @entity6 among all the @entity0 was 2.3%, it was 4.03% among the female @entity0 . Moreover, @entity8 not otherwise specified was the most prevalent @entity8 , and @entity9 was the most common @entity8 among the males. The prevalence rates in the present study are similar to those observed in Western countries, except for the prevalence rate for @entity7 , which in the present study was lower. @entity4 and @entity3 were the most prevalent @entity1 in the @entity8 group.

title: The prevalence of @entity6 ( XXXX ) and comorbid @entity2 in adolescents: a two-stage community-based study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in adolescents and the prevalence of comorbid @entity2 in adolescents with @entity6 . METHOD: During stage 1 of the study the Eating Attitude Test (EAT) was administered to 2907 randomly selected adolescent students. During stage 2 of the study students with an EAT score >30 underwent a clinical interview and those diagnosed with an @entity8 (based on DSM-IV criteria) were included in the @entity8 group. The control group included students that were age- and sex-matched with the @entity8 group, were not diagnosed with an @entity8 , and had an EAT score <30. Psychiatric comorbidity in the @entity8 and control groups was evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (outpatient and non- @entity0 forms). Additionally, a demographic data form, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered to all the @entity0 . RESULTS: In total, 68 (9 male and 59 female) of the 2907 students met the diagnostic criteria for an @entity8 . Point prevalence rates were as follows: @entity7 : 0.034%; bulimia nervosa: 0.79%: eating disorder not otherwise specified: 1.51%; @entity9 : 0.99%; any @entity8 : 2.33%. None of the male @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity7 . In all, 8 male students were diagnosed with @entity9 . The prevalence of comorbid @entity2 was higher in the @entity8 group. @entity4 was the most prevalent @entity1 in the @entity8 group, followed by @entity3 and @entity5 . The body mass index, and BDI, BAI, and EAT scores were higher in the @entity8 group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that whereas the point prevalence rate for @entity6 among all the @entity0 was 2.3%, it was 4.03% among the female @entity0 . Moreover, @entity8 not otherwise specified was the most prevalent @entity8 , and @entity9 was the most common @entity8 among the males. The prevalence rates in the present study are similar to those observed in Western countries, except for the prevalence rate for @entity7 , which in the present study was lower. @entity4 and @entity3 were the most prevalent @entity1 in the @entity8 group.

title: The prevalence of XXXX ( @entity6 ) and comorbid @entity2 in adolescents: a two-stage community-based study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in adolescents and the prevalence of comorbid @entity2 in adolescents with @entity6 . METHOD: During stage 1 of the study the Eating Attitude Test (EAT) was administered to 2907 randomly selected adolescent students. During stage 2 of the study students with an EAT score >30 underwent a clinical interview and those diagnosed with an @entity8 (based on DSM-IV criteria) were included in the @entity8 group. The control group included students that were age- and sex-matched with the @entity8 group, were not diagnosed with an @entity8 , and had an EAT score <30. Psychiatric comorbidity in the @entity8 and control groups was evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (outpatient and non- @entity0 forms). Additionally, a demographic data form, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were administered to all the @entity0 . RESULTS: In total, 68 (9 male and 59 female) of the 2907 students met the diagnostic criteria for an @entity8 . Point prevalence rates were as follows: @entity7 : 0.034%; bulimia nervosa: 0.79%: eating disorder not otherwise specified: 1.51%; @entity9 : 0.99%; any @entity8 : 2.33%. None of the male @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity7 . In all, 8 male students were diagnosed with @entity9 . The prevalence of comorbid @entity2 was higher in the @entity8 group. @entity4 was the most prevalent @entity1 in the @entity8 group, followed by @entity3 and @entity5 . The body mass index, and BDI, BAI, and EAT scores were higher in the @entity8 group than in the control group. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that whereas the point prevalence rate for @entity6 among all the @entity0 was 2.3%, it was 4.03% among the female @entity0 . Moreover, @entity8 not otherwise specified was the most prevalent @entity8 , and @entity9 was the most common @entity8 among the males. The prevalence rates in the present study are similar to those observed in Western countries, except for the prevalence rate for @entity7 , which in the present study was lower. @entity4 and @entity3 were the most prevalent @entity1 in the @entity8 group.

title: The prevalence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and comorbid XXXX in adolescents: a two-stage community-based study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent data has implicated @entity3 (SA) superantigen as a potential disease modifier in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) with @entity2 (CRSwNP). The objective of this work was to compare total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and serum eosinophils in @entity0 with CRSwNP and @entity1 without @entity2 (CRSsNP) based on culture results of the 3 most commonly isolated bacteria. METHODS: Retrospective review at a tertiary rhinology referral center of @entity0 with @entity1 over a 4-year period. RESULTS: Bacterial cultures and immunologic data were obtained from 62 @entity0 with CRSwNP and 34 @entity0 with CRSsNP. SA was the most prevalent bacteria in the CRSwNP group, isolated in 19 @entity0 (31%). @entity0 with elevated total serum IgE (>114 IU/mL) were more likely to have SA on culture (p = 0.04) in this population. The percent serum eosinophil levels in the SA+ group compared with the SA- group was not significant (6.0 vs 5.1, p = 0.17). Lund-Mackay computed tomography (CT) scores, but not Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 20 (SNOT-20) scores were significantly higher in the SA+ vs SA- group (p = 0.03) in @entity0 with CRSwNP. The CRSsNP group demonstrated no difference in IgE or serum eosinophils between different bacterial groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that there is an association between SA sinonasal presence and elevated total serum IgE in @entity0 with CRSwNP. In addition, SA+ @entity0 had higher Lund-Mackay CT scores, indicating a higher objective burden of disease in this group of @entity0 .

title: @entity1 with XXXX : elevated serum immunoglobulin E is associated with @entity3 on culture.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent data has implicated @entity3 (SA) superantigen as a potential disease modifier in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) with @entity2 (CRSwNP). The objective of this work was to compare total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and serum eosinophils in @entity0 with CRSwNP and @entity1 without @entity2 (CRSsNP) based on culture results of the 3 most commonly isolated bacteria. METHODS: Retrospective review at a tertiary rhinology referral center of @entity0 with @entity1 over a 4-year period. RESULTS: Bacterial cultures and immunologic data were obtained from 62 @entity0 with CRSwNP and 34 @entity0 with CRSsNP. SA was the most prevalent bacteria in the CRSwNP group, isolated in 19 @entity0 (31%). @entity0 with elevated total serum IgE (>114 IU/mL) were more likely to have SA on culture (p = 0.04) in this population. The percent serum eosinophil levels in the SA+ group compared with the SA- group was not significant (6.0 vs 5.1, p = 0.17). Lund-Mackay computed tomography (CT) scores, but not Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 20 (SNOT-20) scores were significantly higher in the SA+ vs SA- group (p = 0.03) in @entity0 with CRSwNP. The CRSsNP group demonstrated no difference in IgE or serum eosinophils between different bacterial groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that there is an association between SA sinonasal presence and elevated total serum IgE in @entity0 with CRSwNP. In addition, SA+ @entity0 had higher Lund-Mackay CT scores, indicating a higher objective burden of disease in this group of @entity0 .

title: @entity1 with @entity2 : elevated serum immunoglobulin E is associated with XXXX on culture.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent data has implicated @entity3 (SA) superantigen as a potential disease modifier in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) with @entity2 (CRSwNP). The objective of this work was to compare total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and serum eosinophils in @entity0 with CRSwNP and @entity1 without @entity2 (CRSsNP) based on culture results of the 3 most commonly isolated bacteria. METHODS: Retrospective review at a tertiary rhinology referral center of @entity0 with @entity1 over a 4-year period. RESULTS: Bacterial cultures and immunologic data were obtained from 62 @entity0 with CRSwNP and 34 @entity0 with CRSsNP. SA was the most prevalent bacteria in the CRSwNP group, isolated in 19 @entity0 (31%). @entity0 with elevated total serum IgE (>114 IU/mL) were more likely to have SA on culture (p = 0.04) in this population. The percent serum eosinophil levels in the SA+ group compared with the SA- group was not significant (6.0 vs 5.1, p = 0.17). Lund-Mackay computed tomography (CT) scores, but not Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 20 (SNOT-20) scores were significantly higher in the SA+ vs SA- group (p = 0.03) in @entity0 with CRSwNP. The CRSsNP group demonstrated no difference in IgE or serum eosinophils between different bacterial groups. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that there is an association between SA sinonasal presence and elevated total serum IgE in @entity0 with CRSwNP. In addition, SA+ @entity0 had higher Lund-Mackay CT scores, indicating a higher objective burden of disease in this group of @entity0 .

title: XXXX with @entity2 : elevated serum immunoglobulin E is associated with @entity3 on culture.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to analyze complications following fibular free flap (FFF) transfer for mandibular reconstruction using our definition of @entity2 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. @entity0 AND METHODS: This retrospective study presents our 4-year experiences with FFF for mandibular reconstruction by a single microsurgical team. Data were collected through @entity0 record review and clinical evaluation by 2 independent assessors. We defined complications as any unwanted postoperative outcomes that compromised @entity0 care. Early complication occurred within the first 2 weeks postoperatively; late complications occurred afterward. RESULTS: Of 25 @entity0 included, 13 @entity0 (56%) experienced complications. Early and late complications occurred in 13 and 9 @entity0 , respectively. These included flap loss, malunion, skin-paddle @entity1 , @entity3 , wound dehiscence, @entity4 , soft tissue contracture, intraoral hair growth, @entity6 , @entity5 , donor-site morbidity, and medical complications. Revision surgeries were performed in 10 @entity0 , ranging from wound dressing to flap removal. All but 2 flaps survived, yielding an overall success rate of 92%. Most of the @entity0 were alive without disease (92%) at the end of the study. Average follow-up was 47.2 months (range: 26-77). CONCLUSION: Despite the small number of @entity0 , these preliminary data suggest a relatively high frequency of complications following the FFF reconstruction based on our definition. Minor complications are common and should not be neglected because they may lead to devastating consequences. This should also be a part of informed consent for @entity0 . Complications after the FFF transfer await keen evaluation to establish guidelines to improve end results.

title: XXXX of fibular free flaps in mandibular reconstruction: an analysis of 25 consecutive cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: Carotid body (CB) @entity5 are rare @entity1 , usually benign. This study deals with our 10-year experience in their surgical treatment and the evaluation of its effectiveness, without preoperative @entity4 . METHODS: During a 10-year period, from 1995 to 2004, we studied the medical records of 11 @entity0 with @entity7 , 8 males and 3 females, whom only one had @entity1 . Their age ranged from 23 to 65 years (mean 35 years) and all had a palpable neck mass. Only two of the @entity0 were asymptomatic on admission to our department. Twelve @entity1 were surgically resected and no @entity0 underwent preoperative selective embolism of his @entity1 . Two @entity0 had carotid endarterectomies with venous patch angioplasty. No one of the @entity0 underwent radiotherapy or chemotherapy. RESULTS: Perioperative mortality was zero. No @entity2 or any other cerebral event was observed. One @entity0 , with a grade III @entity1 , had an @entity6 that was repaired with a vein patch. Three @entity0 had temporal @entity3 that resolved within 3 months. No @entity1 was found even in a 10-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Early surgical treatment is strongly recommended in almost all @entity0 . Their resection is a very challenging operation with good postoperative results. Preoperative @entity8 does not need to be a routine procedure. To exclude @entity1 , long term follow-up is necessary.

title: Surgical treatment of @entity7 without XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: Carotid body (CB) @entity5 are rare @entity1 , usually benign. This study deals with our 10-year experience in their surgical treatment and the evaluation of its effectiveness, without preoperative @entity4 . METHODS: During a 10-year period, from 1995 to 2004, we studied the medical records of 11 @entity0 with @entity7 , 8 males and 3 females, whom only one had @entity1 . Their age ranged from 23 to 65 years (mean 35 years) and all had a palpable neck mass. Only two of the @entity0 were asymptomatic on admission to our department. Twelve @entity1 were surgically resected and no @entity0 underwent preoperative selective embolism of his @entity1 . Two @entity0 had carotid endarterectomies with venous patch angioplasty. No one of the @entity0 underwent radiotherapy or chemotherapy. RESULTS: Perioperative mortality was zero. No @entity2 or any other cerebral event was observed. One @entity0 , with a grade III @entity1 , had an @entity6 that was repaired with a vein patch. Three @entity0 had temporal @entity3 that resolved within 3 months. No @entity1 was found even in a 10-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Early surgical treatment is strongly recommended in almost all @entity0 . Their resection is a very challenging operation with good postoperative results. Preoperative @entity8 does not need to be a routine procedure. To exclude @entity1 , long term follow-up is necessary.

title: Surgical treatment of XXXX without @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity5 species (apicomplexan protists) are a major cause of @entity1 (= cryptosporidiosis) in @entity0 worldwide. The impact of cryptosporidiosis is also compounded by the spread of @entity2 / @entity3 and a lack of cost-effective anti-cryptosporidial chemotherapeutics or vaccines. Mitigation of the impact of cryptosporidiosis in @entity0 needs to focus on prevention and control strategies, built on a sound understanding of the epidemiology of @entity5 species. Refined epidemiological studies rely on the use of molecular tools employing informative genetic markers. Currently, the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene (gp60) is the most suitable and widely used genetic marker for @entity5 species infecting @entity0 . Here, we undertake an analysis of all publicly-available gp60 sequence data and associated literature for @entity6 and @entity4 , and yield useful insights into the richness, diversity and distribution of genetic variants, and link these variants to @entity0 cryptosporidiosis. This global analysis reveals that, despite high genetic richness in @entity5 isolates from @entity0 , there is a surprisingly low diversity. It also highlights limited knowledge about the genetics of cryptosporidiosis in developing nations and in many animals that might act as infection sources. Clearly, there is a major need for more comprehensive studies of @entity5 infecting @entity0 and other animals in Africa and Asia. As molecular technologies improve and become affordable, future studies should utilize "next generation" sequencing and bioinformatic platforms to conduct comparative 'genome sequence surveys' to test the validity of current genetic classifications based on gp60 data. Complemented by in vitro and in vivo investigations, these biotechnological advances will also assist significantly in the search for new intervention strategies against @entity0 cryptosporidiosis.

title: Genetic richness and diversity in XXXX and @entity4 reveals major knowledge gaps and a need for the application of "next generation" technologies--research review.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 species (apicomplexan protists) are a major cause of @entity1 (= cryptosporidiosis) in @entity0 worldwide. The impact of cryptosporidiosis is also compounded by the spread of @entity2 / @entity3 and a lack of cost-effective anti-cryptosporidial chemotherapeutics or vaccines. Mitigation of the impact of cryptosporidiosis in @entity0 needs to focus on prevention and control strategies, built on a sound understanding of the epidemiology of @entity5 species. Refined epidemiological studies rely on the use of molecular tools employing informative genetic markers. Currently, the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene (gp60) is the most suitable and widely used genetic marker for @entity5 species infecting @entity0 . Here, we undertake an analysis of all publicly-available gp60 sequence data and associated literature for @entity6 and @entity4 , and yield useful insights into the richness, diversity and distribution of genetic variants, and link these variants to @entity0 cryptosporidiosis. This global analysis reveals that, despite high genetic richness in @entity5 isolates from @entity0 , there is a surprisingly low diversity. It also highlights limited knowledge about the genetics of cryptosporidiosis in developing nations and in many animals that might act as infection sources. Clearly, there is a major need for more comprehensive studies of @entity5 infecting @entity0 and other animals in Africa and Asia. As molecular technologies improve and become affordable, future studies should utilize "next generation" sequencing and bioinformatic platforms to conduct comparative 'genome sequence surveys' to test the validity of current genetic classifications based on gp60 data. Complemented by in vitro and in vivo investigations, these biotechnological advances will also assist significantly in the search for new intervention strategies against @entity0 cryptosporidiosis.

title: Genetic richness and diversity in @entity5 and XXXX reveals major knowledge gaps and a need for the application of "next generation" technologies--research review.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cancer @entity9 is associated with marked alterations in skeletal muscle protein metabolism that lead to @entity8 and, in some cases, @entity3 . The inflammatory response elicited by @entity1 is a likely, if not primary, mediator of these alterations. This review focuses on the possible relationship between inflammatory signaling and altered @entity6 metabolism in @entity1 . RECENT FINDINGS: Loss of skeletal muscle in @entity1 @entity0 can potentially be due to @entity5 and early satiety, reduced muscle protein synthesis, and/or increased muscle protein breakdown. @entity2 has been associated with each of these mechanisms. Effects on appetite appear to be mediated by the melanocortin system in the hypothalamus. Studies in animal models of @entity9 suggest that modulation of orexigenic and anorexigenic pathways in this system may improve nutrient consumption. Inflammatory cytokines such as @entity7 and @entity4 are likely to contribute to the effects of @entity2 on muscle protein metabolism through several pathways. SUMMARY: Limited studies in @entity0 suggest that targeted anti-inflammatory and nutritional interventions may ameliorate the net catabolic effect on skeletal muscle protein metabolism. Future studies of the precise mechanism of muscle protein loss, as well as novel or combination therapies to inhibit @entity2 and promote anabolism, are warranted.

title: Inflammatory burden and @entity6 metabolism in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cancer @entity9 is associated with marked alterations in skeletal muscle protein metabolism that lead to @entity8 and, in some cases, @entity3 . The inflammatory response elicited by @entity1 is a likely, if not primary, mediator of these alterations. This review focuses on the possible relationship between inflammatory signaling and altered @entity6 metabolism in @entity1 . RECENT FINDINGS: Loss of skeletal muscle in @entity1 @entity0 can potentially be due to @entity5 and early satiety, reduced muscle protein synthesis, and/or increased muscle protein breakdown. @entity2 has been associated with each of these mechanisms. Effects on appetite appear to be mediated by the melanocortin system in the hypothalamus. Studies in animal models of @entity9 suggest that modulation of orexigenic and anorexigenic pathways in this system may improve nutrient consumption. Inflammatory cytokines such as @entity7 and @entity4 are likely to contribute to the effects of @entity2 on muscle protein metabolism through several pathways. SUMMARY: Limited studies in @entity0 suggest that targeted anti-inflammatory and nutritional interventions may ameliorate the net catabolic effect on skeletal muscle protein metabolism. Future studies of the precise mechanism of muscle protein loss, as well as novel or combination therapies to inhibit @entity2 and promote anabolism, are warranted.

title: Inflammatory burden and XXXX metabolism in @entity1 @entity9 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cancer @entity9 is associated with marked alterations in skeletal muscle protein metabolism that lead to @entity8 and, in some cases, @entity3 . The inflammatory response elicited by @entity1 is a likely, if not primary, mediator of these alterations. This review focuses on the possible relationship between inflammatory signaling and altered @entity6 metabolism in @entity1 . RECENT FINDINGS: Loss of skeletal muscle in @entity1 @entity0 can potentially be due to @entity5 and early satiety, reduced muscle protein synthesis, and/or increased muscle protein breakdown. @entity2 has been associated with each of these mechanisms. Effects on appetite appear to be mediated by the melanocortin system in the hypothalamus. Studies in animal models of @entity9 suggest that modulation of orexigenic and anorexigenic pathways in this system may improve nutrient consumption. Inflammatory cytokines such as @entity7 and @entity4 are likely to contribute to the effects of @entity2 on muscle protein metabolism through several pathways. SUMMARY: Limited studies in @entity0 suggest that targeted anti-inflammatory and nutritional interventions may ameliorate the net catabolic effect on skeletal muscle protein metabolism. Future studies of the precise mechanism of muscle protein loss, as well as novel or combination therapies to inhibit @entity2 and promote anabolism, are warranted.

title: Inflammatory burden and @entity6 metabolism in XXXX @entity9 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: There are variable reported effects of @entity0 -prosthesis mismatch (P-PM) on outcome. It was hypothesized that the adverse effect attributed to P-PM is actually due to @entity3 ( @entity1 ) in @entity0 with small hearts. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the association among P-PM, @entity1 , and outcomes. Doppler echocardiography was performed in 156 @entity0 after aortic valve replacement. In vivo effective orifice areas for each prosthesis type and size were obtained from published references values of normally functioning prostheses. P-PM was identified from the predicted indexed orifice area, obtained by dividing the effective orifice area by body surface area. @entity1 was classed as normal, delayed relaxation (prolonged deceleration time for age), or increased left atrial pressure (increased E/E' ratio, left @entity4 , short deceleration time). Events (cardiac-related hospitalizations and all-cause mortality after aortic valve replacement) were determined over a median follow-up periods of 3.5 years (interquartile range 2.1 to 5.7). P-PM was found in 91 @entity0 (58%). Of the @entity0 with P-PM, no @entity1 was present on postoperative echocardiography in 15 @entity0 (16%), delayed relaxation in 35 (39%), and increased left atrial pressure in 41 (45%). There were 61 total events (18 @entity2 and 43 hospitalizations): 4 (7%) in the no- @entity1 group, 26 (42%) in the delayed relaxation group, and 31 (51%) in the increased left atrial pressure group. @entity1 (p = 0.034) but not age (p = 0.09), the left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.60), or the presence of mismatch (p = 0.20) was associated with events. In conclusion, P-PM was associated with 14% mortality and a 39% composite event rate over 2-year follow-up. Events were significantly associated with @entity1 .

title: Interaction and prognostic effects of XXXX and @entity0 -prosthesis mismatch as determinants of outcome after isolated aortic valve replacement.

answer: @entity3


abstract: There are variable reported effects of @entity0 -prosthesis mismatch (P-PM) on outcome. It was hypothesized that the adverse effect attributed to P-PM is actually due to @entity3 ( @entity1 ) in @entity0 with small hearts. The aim of this study was therefore to determine the association among P-PM, @entity1 , and outcomes. Doppler echocardiography was performed in 156 @entity0 after aortic valve replacement. In vivo effective orifice areas for each prosthesis type and size were obtained from published references values of normally functioning prostheses. P-PM was identified from the predicted indexed orifice area, obtained by dividing the effective orifice area by body surface area. @entity1 was classed as normal, delayed relaxation (prolonged deceleration time for age), or increased left atrial pressure (increased E/E' ratio, left @entity4 , short deceleration time). Events (cardiac-related hospitalizations and all-cause mortality after aortic valve replacement) were determined over a median follow-up periods of 3.5 years (interquartile range 2.1 to 5.7). P-PM was found in 91 @entity0 (58%). Of the @entity0 with P-PM, no @entity1 was present on postoperative echocardiography in 15 @entity0 (16%), delayed relaxation in 35 (39%), and increased left atrial pressure in 41 (45%). There were 61 total events (18 @entity2 and 43 hospitalizations): 4 (7%) in the no- @entity1 group, 26 (42%) in the delayed relaxation group, and 31 (51%) in the increased left atrial pressure group. @entity1 (p = 0.034) but not age (p = 0.09), the left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.60), or the presence of mismatch (p = 0.20) was associated with events. In conclusion, P-PM was associated with 14% mortality and a 39% composite event rate over 2-year follow-up. Events were significantly associated with @entity1 .

title: Interaction and prognostic effects of @entity3 and XXXX -prosthesis mismatch as determinants of outcome after isolated aortic valve replacement.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Over 1 million @entity0 are living with @entity1 / @entity2 in Uganda and there is a need for the provision of comprehensive palliative care. There is minimal literature with regard to the provision of palliative care in Uganda and there is no evaluation literature on the quality of palliative care education programmes. The aim of the study was to conduct an evaluation of a modular @entity1 / @entity2 palliative care education programme undertaken in rural Uganda by the Mildmay Centre. The evaluation was based on a case study design where the researcher worked alongside the training team. It was undertaken in Rukungiri district and @entity0 on the programme were drawn from four different health facilities within the district. The evaluation took place between January 2004 and December 2005 and multiple sources of data were used. Forty interviews and twenty focus group discussions were held, the work of the mobile training team was observed, documents reviewed and a research diary maintained by the researcher. A perceived and reported impact was seen at the @entity0 and community level, @entity0 level, health facility and district levels. An increase in access to care by @entity0 living with @entity1 / @entity2 was seen as stigma was reduced and the attitudes of health workers towards @entity0 living with @entity1 / @entity2 improved. Strengths and weaknesses of the programme were identified along with recommendations for future programmes.

title: The impact of a modular @entity1 / XXXX palliative care education programme in rural Uganda.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Over 1 million @entity0 are living with @entity1 / @entity2 in Uganda and there is a need for the provision of comprehensive palliative care. There is minimal literature with regard to the provision of palliative care in Uganda and there is no evaluation literature on the quality of palliative care education programmes. The aim of the study was to conduct an evaluation of a modular @entity1 / @entity2 palliative care education programme undertaken in rural Uganda by the Mildmay Centre. The evaluation was based on a case study design where the researcher worked alongside the training team. It was undertaken in Rukungiri district and @entity0 on the programme were drawn from four different health facilities within the district. The evaluation took place between January 2004 and December 2005 and multiple sources of data were used. Forty interviews and twenty focus group discussions were held, the work of the mobile training team was observed, documents reviewed and a research diary maintained by the researcher. A perceived and reported impact was seen at the @entity0 and community level, @entity0 level, health facility and district levels. An increase in access to care by @entity0 living with @entity1 / @entity2 was seen as stigma was reduced and the attitudes of health workers towards @entity0 living with @entity1 / @entity2 improved. Strengths and weaknesses of the programme were identified along with recommendations for future programmes.

title: The impact of a modular XXXX / @entity2 palliative care education programme in rural Uganda.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The prescription of a long-term oral anticoagulant may pose several problems for the endoscopic surgery of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Questions regarding the length of its interruption, what it can be replaced by and the date oral treatment can be resumed must be asked at preoperative stage to avoid @entity1 or cardiovascular accidents. While the number of @entity0 concerned by this type of prescription continues to grow, surgical hemostasis techniques continue to progress and recommendations for good practice are evolving. It is therefore interesting to bring up to date the knowledge and recommendations for surgery of BHP while being treated with anticoagulants. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A systematic revue of publications and of recommendations by knowledgeable bodies in cardiology and anesthesia were carried out. RESULTS: The transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is an intervention which carries an intermediate risk of @entity1 . Whenever possible, it is recommended to briefly interrupt the anticoagulant treatment in the perioperative period. For antivitamins K, heparinotherapy takes over, which, thanks to a short half-life, allows for a quicker management of the anticoagulation. For antiplatelets, the tendency is towards proposing an interruption for 4 to 5 days before the intervention. In all cases, the anticoagulant must be reintroduced as quickly as possible because cardiovascular risks are in proportion to the length of time of interruption. CONCLUSION: The strategy for treatment of @entity0 taking oral anticoagulants is complex. It must be defined in consultation with the anesthetist, the cardiologist or hemostatis specialist. Nevertheless, the urologist remains at the center of the decision for treatment because he/she is the only one who can weigh up the risk of @entity1 , the cardiovascular risks and the necessity of an operation and technique used.

title: [ XXXX surgery and anticoagulant therapy: review of the literature by the French Association of Urology].

answer: @entity2


abstract: To investigate the characteristics of @entity8 in the brains of centenarians, the autopsied brains and spinal cords from 23 cases were studied. Coronal slices were prepared from a section of the cerebral hemisphere, following the guidelines of the Consortium to Establish a Registry for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (CERAD) and the consensus guidelines for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of @entity7 ( @entity7 ). Spinal cord specimens were prepared at each segment from the third cervical to the third sacral segment. In all cases, we performed standard stainings of @entity5 - @entity6 , Kl  ver-Barrera, and Gallyas-Braak combined with Luxol fast blue/ @entity10 , and @entity9 (AS), phosphorylated tau (AT8) and beta-amyloid protein immunostainings. One-way ANOVA analysis, Chi-square or Fisher exact test were used for statistical analysis. Overall, AS-positive structures were found in 8 (34.8%) of our 23 centenarians, 6 (35.3%) of 17 demented @entity0 , and four (40%) out of ten @entity3 @entity0 . The frequencies of @entity1 in the brains with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) stage 0-A, B, and C were 27.7, 33, and 50%, respectively. No statistical differences were found among the frequencies of @entity1 in the subgroups of NFT stages I-II, III-IV, and V-VI (P=0.478). Most cases showed a widespread distribution of AS-positive structures except for one @entity0 , in whose brain only the medulla was involved. The distribution pattern of @entity1 was similar to that in @entity2 or @entity7 , but the pigmented neurons in substantia nigra were relatively well preserved. Our findings indicate that there is a high frequency of @entity8 in centenarians, @entity4 -positive and @entity1 may involve a synergistic interaction.

title: Characteristics of XXXX in centenarians.

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: Based on previous experience, we combined topotecan with @entity7 (weekly administration) in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Our primary objective was to determine the response rate and survival and our secondary objective, the safety of the regimen. METHODS: From October 2003, until March 2005, 45 @entity0 all with histologically or cytologically confirmed @entity5 were enrolled. All @entity0 were chemotherapy and radiotherapy naive. Both agents were infused on day 1 of every week once for three consecutive weeks, every 28 days. Three infusions were considered as one course. The treatment plan was to give three courses (nine infusions) and then to evaluate the response. Topotecan (1.75 mg/m2) was infused for 30 min and @entity7 (70 mg/m2) for 90 min; these doses had been established as the maximum tolerated dose in a previous phase I-II trial. RESULTS: Eighteen/45 (40%) @entity0 responded, 2 (4.4%) complete responses and 16 (35.6%) partial responses. Twenty-one (46.7%) @entity0 had stable disease, and 6 (13.3%) disease progression. The median duration of response was 8 months and median time to @entity1 progression 9 months. Grade 3 and 4 @entity8 was observed in two @entity0 (in these two @entity0 , the dose of both drugs was reduced by 25% and @entity6 was given), grade 4 @entity4 in one @entity0 and grade 4 @entity3 in one @entity0 . CONCLUSION: This novel combination of topotecan- @entity7 in a weekly administration rendered a 40% response rate, with very low @entity2 in stages IIIA, IIIB and IV @entity5 @entity0 .

title: Front-line @entity7 and topotecan chemotherapy in advanced or metastatic XXXX : a phase II trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: Based on previous experience, we combined topotecan with @entity7 (weekly administration) in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Our primary objective was to determine the response rate and survival and our secondary objective, the safety of the regimen. METHODS: From October 2003, until March 2005, 45 @entity0 all with histologically or cytologically confirmed @entity5 were enrolled. All @entity0 were chemotherapy and radiotherapy naive. Both agents were infused on day 1 of every week once for three consecutive weeks, every 28 days. Three infusions were considered as one course. The treatment plan was to give three courses (nine infusions) and then to evaluate the response. Topotecan (1.75 mg/m2) was infused for 30 min and @entity7 (70 mg/m2) for 90 min; these doses had been established as the maximum tolerated dose in a previous phase I-II trial. RESULTS: Eighteen/45 (40%) @entity0 responded, 2 (4.4%) complete responses and 16 (35.6%) partial responses. Twenty-one (46.7%) @entity0 had stable disease, and 6 (13.3%) disease progression. The median duration of response was 8 months and median time to @entity1 progression 9 months. Grade 3 and 4 @entity8 was observed in two @entity0 (in these two @entity0 , the dose of both drugs was reduced by 25% and @entity6 was given), grade 4 @entity4 in one @entity0 and grade 4 @entity3 in one @entity0 . CONCLUSION: This novel combination of topotecan- @entity7 in a weekly administration rendered a 40% response rate, with very low @entity2 in stages IIIA, IIIB and IV @entity5 @entity0 .

title: Front-line XXXX and topotecan chemotherapy in advanced or metastatic @entity5 : a phase II trial.

answer: @entity7


abstract: We analysed 20 @entity0 with 24 knees affected by @entity4 who were treated with an anterior opening wedge osteotomy of the proximal tibia because of anterior knee @entity1 . We managed to attain full satisfaction in 83% of the @entity0 with a mean follow-up of 7.4 years. The mean Hospital for Special Surgery score was 90.3 (range 70.5-99.5), and the mean Knee Society score score was 94.6 (70-100) for function and 87.7 (47-100) for @entity1 . The mean Western Ontario and @entity3 Index score for knee function was 87.5 (42-100), for stiffness 82.8 (25-100) and for @entity1 87.3 (55-100). Radiographs showed a significant increase in posterior tibial slope of 9.4 deg and a significant decrease of patellar height according to the Blackburne-Peel method of 0.16 postoperatively. No cases of non-union, deep @entity2 were seen. No osteoarthritic changes in the lateral or medial knee compartment were found with more than 5 years' follow-up in 16 @entity0 with 19 affected knees. Three out of the four dissatisfied @entity0 had a patella infera which led to patellofemoral complaints. One @entity0 in the study underwent a secondary superior displacement of the patella with excellent results. We conclude that in a selected group of @entity0 with @entity4 and anterior knee @entity1 an opening wedge osteotomy of the proximal tibia can be beneficial.

title: Anterior opening wedge osteotomy of the proximal tibia for anterior knee XXXX in idiopathic hyperextension knees.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This note reviews recent literature relating to the use of @entity2 , @entity3 , and intravenous drugs in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Trends in substance use among subpopulations are discussed in relation to changes in the major population health indicators since 1990. This article summarizes recent work into understanding the role of substance use and misuse in the region in explaining demographic developments in terms of life expectancy and population growth. In 1993, 80% of Russian males drank, and among these, @entity2 intake averaged near 600 grams per day. Smoking is much more prevalent among Russian @entity0 (61.4%) than among @entity0 (10.3%). In 2003, 185.8 per 100 thousand Russian @entity0 were @entity5 . High rates of male @entity2 abuse, suicide, accidents, violence, and @entity1 appear to be major causes of the large falls in life expectancy and rising gender gaps in life expectancy in the region. Life expectancy at birth in Russia was estimated at 60.5 years for males and 74 years for females in 2005. Russia's population is now declining at a rate of 0.37% per annum, and with more than 1% of the population estimated to be @entity4 positive, it is likely that this population decline will accelerate further in the near future. Many of these population trends are mirrored across the former Soviet Union.

title: Alcoholism, XXXX , and drug use in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.

answer: @entity3