abstract: Although it is known that both @entity4 and @entity6 cause delayed colonic transit in @entity0 , these models of drug-induced experimental @entity3 have not yet been fully characterized. Therefore, the aims of this study were to validate the @entity4 - and @entity6 -induced delays of colonic transit in @entity0 as models of @entity1 , respectively, and to evaluate the effect of mustard oil, a @entity2 agonist, in both models. Colonic transit was evaluated in @entity0 by determining the time needed to evacuate a bead inserted into the distal colon. Both @entity6 and @entity4 dose-dependently prolonged the evacuation time. @entity4 (10 microg/kg) and @entity6 (0.3 mg/kg) tripled the evacuation time compared to controls. These delays were antagonized by the administration of @entity7 and @entity5 , respectively. Tegaserod, a gastrointestinal motor-stimulating drug, reversed the delay in both models, but the effects were diminished at high doses. @entity8 , an antispastic drug, improved the @entity6 -induced delay, but did not affect the @entity4 -induced delay. Mustard oil accelerated the colonic transit dose-dependently in both models of drug-induced @entity3 . These results indicate that @entity4 - and @entity6 -induced delays in colonic transit are models of @entity1 , respectively, and that mustard oil may be effective on both types of @entity3 .

title: Characterization of two models of drug-induced constipation in XXXX and evaluation of mustard oil in these models.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because the efficacy of mammography screening had been shown in randomized controlled trials, the focus has turned on its effectiveness within the daily practice. Using individual data of @entity1 invited to screening, we conducted a case-control study to assess the effectiveness of the Dutch population-based program of mammography screening. METHODS: Cases were @entity1 who died from @entity0 between 1995 and 2003 and were closely matched to five controls on year of birth, year of first invitation, and number of invitations before case's diagnosis. ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between attending either of three screening examinations prior to diagnosis and the risk of @entity0 were calculated using conditional logistic regression and corrected for self-selection bias. RESULTS: We included 755 cases and 3,739 matched controls. Among the cases, 29.8% was screen-detected, 34.3% interval-detected, and 35.9% never-screened. About 29.5% of the never-screened cases had stage IV @entity2 compared with 5.3% of the screen-detected and 15.1% of the interval-detected cases. The OR (95% CIs), all ages (49-75 years), was 0.51 (0.40-0.66) and for the age groups 50-69, 50-75, and 70-75 years were 0.61 (0.47-0.79), 0.52 (CI 0.41-0.67), and 0.16 (0.09-0.29), respectively. CONCLUSION: The study provides evidence for a beneficial effect of early detection by mammography screening in reducing the risk of @entity0 among @entity1 invited to and who attended the screening. IMPACT: This is the first case-control study that accurately accounts for equal screening opportunity for both cases and matched controls by number of invitations before case's diagnosis.

title: Mammography screening and risk of XXXX : a population-based case-control study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Two @entity0 with vertebral arteriovenous @entity1 were treated at the Neurosurgical Clinic of the City Hospital of Hannover between 1981 and 1988. Both @entity0 were males, 19 and 29 year old. The @entity1 were secondary to cervical gunshot wounds. Both @entity0 complained of a loud cephalic noise; 1 @entity0 had a non pulsating neck mass. A systolic cervical bruit was heard in both cases. One @entity0 had an incomplete mid-cervical @entity4 . The @entity1 involved the second portion of the vertebral artery: 1 @entity1 was fed, in addition to the vertebral artery, by the deep cervical artery. Venous drainage was through intraspinal plexus, @entity3 . One @entity0 was treated with a direct surgical trapping of the vertebral artery proximal and distal to the @entity1 : the other @entity0 , in addition to direct surgical vertebral artery trapping, received an @entity2 . After treatment the @entity1 disappeared, both clinically and angiographically.

title: Vertebral arteriovenous XXXX . Report of two cases and review of the literature.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate ECG-gated whole chest CTA as a routine triage tool for @entity0 with acute @entity5 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Whole chest CTA with retrospective ECG-gating was performed in 30 @entity0 with acute atypical @entity5 . The ten main segments of the coronary arteries, the pulmonary arteries, the aorta, and the myocardium (function, morphology) were independently analyzed by a resident and two senior radiologists. The inter-observer agreement between resident and senior radiologists was calculated. A final diagnosis was determined by consensus. RESULTS: Thirty @entity0 were included. The coronary artery segments, myocardium and pulmonary arteries were considered analyzable in 84%, 90% and 97% of cases respectively. A final diagnosis for the cause of @entity1 was retained in 19 @entity0 : significant @entity6 (5), @entity4 (5), aortic dissection (1), @entity2 (2), @entity4 (5), and @entity3 (1). Inter-observer agreement ranged from 0.76 to 1 between senior radiologists and from 0.76 to 1 between resident and senior radiologists. The average time of image interpretation ranged from 14 to 15 minutes. CONCLUSION: ECG-gated whole chest CT angiography appears as a promising tool for the evaluation of acute @entity5 . Combined evaluation of appearance and function of the myocardium can reveal additional interesting information.

title: [ECG-gated chest CT angiography: value for atypical XXXX evaluation].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Postherpetic craniofacial @entity0 are notoriously difficult to deal with. Nevertheless, stereotactic spinal trigeminal nucleotomy seems to be a rational approach, as both experimental and clinical data strongly suggest the relevance of nucleus caudalis for certain facial @entity1 phenomena. From a series of 136 consecutive nucleotomies, 80 were performed for deafferentation @entity1 . The long-term results of 25 such cases, who underwent this procedure for @entity4 , are reported. Their @entity1 was referred to the Vth, to the VII, IX and Xth, and to the @entity3 dermatomes. Abolition of the @entity2 , and disappearance of, or marked reduction in, the deep background @entity1 was achieved in 76% of the cases overall. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 13 years. There was no untoward side-effects. Technical and electrophysiological data germane to accurate target placement are discussed. Spinal trigeminal nucleotomy is then a specially suitable procedure for postherpetic craniofacial dysaesthesiae.

title: XXXX managed by stereotactic spinal trigeminal nucleotomy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Compressive symptoms are common in @entity5 , but few studies have focused on the presence, associated factors, and etiology of compressive symptoms. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: @entity0 who underwent thyroidectomy from 2005 through 2009 were reviewed. The data included demographics, indication for surgery, compressive symptoms, complications, diagnosis, volume of thyroid gland, presence of @entity1 , and follow-up. RESULTS: Three hundred thirty-three @entity0 were identified. The mean age was 51 years, and 82% were female. Fifty-two percent (n=172) of @entity0 experienced compressive symptoms preoperatively, including @entity3 (n=131) and @entity4 (n=83). Twenty-six percent (n=86) of @entity0 presented with voice changes, and 8% (n=27) complained of odynophagia. Postoperatively, 25 @entity0 (8%) continued to have compressive symptoms (P<.0001), and 10 @entity0 (3%) developed new compressive symptoms. Compressive symptoms were present in 72% (n=21) of @entity0 with @entity6 , 71% (n=5) of @entity0 with @entity2 , and 60% (n=92) of @entity0 with @entity7 . The average volume of the gland in @entity0 with compressive symptoms was 75.5 mL compared to 37.1 mL in asymptomatic @entity0 (P<.0001). There was not a significant relationship between compressive symptoms and the presence of @entity1 (P=.869). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity5 frequently present with compressive symptoms, and the majority of @entity0 experience relief postoperatively. The volume of the thyroid gland is associated with compressive symptoms along with additional contributing factors.

title: XXXX and compressive symptoms.

answer: @entity5


abstract: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein b @entity5 ) and @entity4   are known to participate in the regulation of many genes associated with @entity0 . However, little is known about the activation and function of @entity5 and -   in @entity0 responses elicited by Fcy receptor (FcyR) activation. Here we show that @entity5 and -   activation are induced in IgG immune complex (IC)-treated macrophages. The increased expression of @entity5 and -   occurred at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, induction of @entity5 and -   was mediated, to a large extent, by activating FcyRs. Using siRNA-mediated knockdown as well as macrophages deficient for @entity5 and/or -  , we demonstrate that @entity5 and -   play a critical role in the production of @entity1 , @entity6 , and @entity7 in IgG IC-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, both @entity2 and p38 MAPK are involved in @entity4 induction and @entity1 , @entity6 , and @entity7 production induced by IgG IC. We provide the evidence that @entity3 regulates IgG IC-induced @entity0 responses by enhancing @entity2 and p38 MAPK activities as well as @entity5 and -   activities. Collectively, these data suggest that @entity5 and -   are key regulators for FcyR-mediated induction of cytokines and chemokines in macrophages. Furthermore, C/EBPs may play an important regulatory role in IC-associated @entity0 responses.

title: XXXX -regulated CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins b and    are essential in Fcy receptor-mediated @entity0 cytokine and chemokine production in macrophages.

answer: @entity3


abstract: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein b @entity5 ) and @entity4   are known to participate in the regulation of many genes associated with @entity0 . However, little is known about the activation and function of @entity5 and -   in @entity0 responses elicited by Fcy receptor (FcyR) activation. Here we show that @entity5 and -   activation are induced in IgG immune complex (IC)-treated macrophages. The increased expression of @entity5 and -   occurred at both mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, induction of @entity5 and -   was mediated, to a large extent, by activating FcyRs. Using siRNA-mediated knockdown as well as macrophages deficient for @entity5 and/or -  , we demonstrate that @entity5 and -   play a critical role in the production of @entity1 , @entity6 , and @entity7 in IgG IC-stimulated macrophages. Moreover, both @entity2 and p38 MAPK are involved in @entity4 induction and @entity1 , @entity6 , and @entity7 production induced by IgG IC. We provide the evidence that @entity3 regulates IgG IC-induced @entity0 responses by enhancing @entity2 and p38 MAPK activities as well as @entity5 and -   activities. Collectively, these data suggest that @entity5 and -   are key regulators for FcyR-mediated induction of cytokines and chemokines in macrophages. Furthermore, C/EBPs may play an important regulatory role in IC-associated @entity0 responses.

title: @entity3 -regulated CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins b and    are essential in Fcy receptor-mediated XXXX cytokine and chemokine production in macrophages.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A case of @entity7 caused by the @entity1 is reported. The @entity0 is a 5-year-old @entity0 scheduled for bilateral tonsillectomy for @entity5 . Anesthesia was slowly induced by @entity9 and maintained with @entity11 , @entity10 and @entity9 . Bilateral tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy were performed uneventfully under general anesthesia. The operation time was 2 hours and 30 minutes. Following the surgical procedure, the endotracheal tube was removed. Shortly after the extubation, the @entity0 complained of difficult articulation and paradoxical respiration. @entity6 was intubated immediately. @entity2 saturation was within normal limits throughout all the procedures. @entity1 was aggravated and was not relieved by @entity4 infusion. Massive swelling of the face and neck was observed on the next day. CT scan and fiberoptic scope examination showed the @entity12 obstructing the upper airway. Additional administration of @entity4 was continued. On the third postoperative day, @entity1 was relieved and the endotracheal tube was removed. Clinical course after the extubation was uneventful. No laboratory data was obtained suggesting the @entity3 basis. Extubation should be performed carefully and @entity8 should be observed cautiously following the oral surgery of even a short duration.

title: [ XXXX caused by massive swelling of the tongue following bilateral tonsillectomy for @entity5 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: A case of @entity7 caused by the @entity1 is reported. The @entity0 is a 5-year-old @entity0 scheduled for bilateral tonsillectomy for @entity5 . Anesthesia was slowly induced by @entity9 and maintained with @entity11 , @entity10 and @entity9 . Bilateral tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy were performed uneventfully under general anesthesia. The operation time was 2 hours and 30 minutes. Following the surgical procedure, the endotracheal tube was removed. Shortly after the extubation, the @entity0 complained of difficult articulation and paradoxical respiration. @entity6 was intubated immediately. @entity2 saturation was within normal limits throughout all the procedures. @entity1 was aggravated and was not relieved by @entity4 infusion. Massive swelling of the face and neck was observed on the next day. CT scan and fiberoptic scope examination showed the @entity12 obstructing the upper airway. Additional administration of @entity4 was continued. On the third postoperative day, @entity1 was relieved and the endotracheal tube was removed. Clinical course after the extubation was uneventful. No laboratory data was obtained suggesting the @entity3 basis. Extubation should be performed carefully and @entity8 should be observed cautiously following the oral surgery of even a short duration.

title: [ @entity7 caused by massive swelling of the tongue following bilateral tonsillectomy for XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: For @entity0 , guidelines direct the delivery of adjuvant systemic therapy on the basis of lymph node status, histology, @entity2 size, grade, and hormonal receptor status. We explored how race/ethnicity, insurance, census tract-level poverty and education, and hospital Commission on @entity2 (CoC) status were associated with the receipt of guideline-concordant adjuvant systemic therapy. METHODS: Locoregional breast cancers diagnosed in 2004 (n = 6,734) were from the National Program of @entity2 Registries-funded seven-state Patterns of Care study of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Predictors of guideline-concordant (receiving/not receiving) adjuvant systemic therapy, according to National @entity2 Network Guidelines, were explored by logistic regression. RESULTS: Overall, 35% of @entity1 received nonguideline chemotherapy, 12% received nonguideline regimens, and 20% received nonguideline hormonal therapy. Significant predictors of nonguideline chemotherapy included Medicaid insurance (odds ratio [OR], 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.86), high-poverty areas (OR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.96), and treatment at non-CoC hospitals (OR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.56 to 0.85), with adjustment for age, registry, and clinical variables. Predictors of nonguideline regimens among chemotherapy recipients included lack of insurance (OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.92), high-poverty areas (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.97), and low-education areas (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.89) after adjustment. Living in high-poverty areas (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.96) and treatment at non-CoC hospitals (OR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.83) predicted nonguideline hormonal therapy after adjustment. ORs for poverty, education, and insurance were attenuated in the full models. CONCLUSION: Sociodemographic and hospital factors are associated with guideline-concordant use of systemic therapy for @entity0 . The identification of modifiable factors that lead to nonguideline treatment may reduce disparities in @entity0 survival.

title: Influence of race, insurance, socioeconomic status, and hospital type on receipt of guideline-concordant adjuvant systemic therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In today's climate, changed lifestyles and the increased use of antibiotics are significant factors that affect the preservation of a healthy intestinal microflora. The concept of probiotics is to restore and maintain a microflora advantageous to the @entity0 body. Probiotics are found in a number of fermented dairy products, @entity0 formula, and dietary supplements. Basic research on probiotics has suggested several modes of action beneficial for the @entity0 body and clinical research has proven its preventive and curative features in different @entity7 . @entity4 cause considerable disablement in @entity0 and represent a substantial economic burden on healthcare resources. Research has demonstrated a crucial role of nutrition in the prevention of @entity4 . Thus, positive, strain-specific effects of probiotics have been shown in @entity9 , @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity5 -induced @entity8 , and in @entity3 and in the prevention of @entity1 . As the majority of probiotics naturally inhabit the @entity0 intestinal microflora, their use has been regarded as very safe. However, in view of the range of potential benefits on health that might be achieved by the use of some probiotic bacteria, major and thorough evaluation is still necessary. In conclusion, probiotics act as an adjuvant in the prevention and treatment of a wide variety of @entity4 .

title: Probiotics and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A serious side effect of atypical antipsychotics is increased body weight, which leads to further morbidity and nonadherence to medication. It has been suggested that both genetic and nongenetic variables may influence antipsychotics-related @entity3 . This study aimed to simultaneously explore the effects of multiple candidate genes and environment factors on body weight of @entity1 @entity0 who received @entity4 , a commonly used atypical antipsychotic agent. METHODS: One hundred twenty-three ethnically Han Chinese inpatients with acutely exacerbated @entity1 were given @entity4 monotherapy for up to 42 days. Body weight and clinical manifestations were assessed biweekly. Drug efficacy was measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and safety was evaluated by the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) and the UKU Side Effect Rating Scale. We collected body weight as the response value. Potential prognostic factors were baseline body weight, age, sex, diagnosis subtypes, @entity4 dosage, PANSS total scores, treatment duration (weeks 0-6), and 15 genetic variants [across 10 candidate genes: @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity9 , 5-HT6, D1, D2, D3, and alpha1-adrenergic receptors, @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and @entity7 ( @entity7 )]. Because there were repeated assessments, multiple linear regression with the generalized estimating equation (GEE) method was used to adjust the within-subject @entity2 . RESULTS: Of 15 genetic polymorphisms examined, @entity8 102-T/C, @entity9 -759-C/T, 5-HT6 267-C/T, @entity6 66-Val/Met, and @entity7 188-C/T significantly influenced body weight, and so did baseline body weight, age, gender, @entity1 subtype, and treatment duration and efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that numerous genetic and nongenetic factors affect antipsychotics-related @entity3 .

title: @entity4 -related XXXX : genetic and nongenetic predictors.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A serious side effect of atypical antipsychotics is increased body weight, which leads to further morbidity and nonadherence to medication. It has been suggested that both genetic and nongenetic variables may influence antipsychotics-related @entity3 . This study aimed to simultaneously explore the effects of multiple candidate genes and environment factors on body weight of @entity1 @entity0 who received @entity4 , a commonly used atypical antipsychotic agent. METHODS: One hundred twenty-three ethnically Han Chinese inpatients with acutely exacerbated @entity1 were given @entity4 monotherapy for up to 42 days. Body weight and clinical manifestations were assessed biweekly. Drug efficacy was measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), and safety was evaluated by the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) and the UKU Side Effect Rating Scale. We collected body weight as the response value. Potential prognostic factors were baseline body weight, age, sex, diagnosis subtypes, @entity4 dosage, PANSS total scores, treatment duration (weeks 0-6), and 15 genetic variants [across 10 candidate genes: @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity9 , 5-HT6, D1, D2, D3, and alpha1-adrenergic receptors, @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and @entity7 ( @entity7 )]. Because there were repeated assessments, multiple linear regression with the generalized estimating equation (GEE) method was used to adjust the within-subject @entity2 . RESULTS: Of 15 genetic polymorphisms examined, @entity8 102-T/C, @entity9 -759-C/T, 5-HT6 267-C/T, @entity6 66-Val/Met, and @entity7 188-C/T significantly influenced body weight, and so did baseline body weight, age, gender, @entity1 subtype, and treatment duration and efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that numerous genetic and nongenetic factors affect antipsychotics-related @entity3 .

title: XXXX -related @entity3 : genetic and nongenetic predictors.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The site of cannulation for repair of ascending @entity3 remains controversial. We present our experience with ascending aortic cannulation for @entity2 . METHODS AND RESULTS: From January 1988 to September 2007, we operated on 242 @entity0 for @entity2 . Medical records of 235 @entity0 who received ascending aortic cannulation or femoral cannulation were retrospectively reviewed. Long-term follow-up was complete in 97% of @entity0 . Cannulation was accomplished in 82 @entity0 through the ascending aorta and in 153 @entity0 through the femoral artery. Preoperative @entity0 characteristics were almost comparable between groups. Similarly, there were no differences in preoperative @entity0 characteristics and intraoperative parameters including operation time, bypass time, cross-clamp time, hypothermic circulatory arrest time, and percentage of total arch replacement. The 30-day mortality rate was 14% in the aortic group and 23% in the femoral group (P=0.07), and incidence of @entity1 was 4.9% in the aortic group and 4.5% in the femoral group (P=0.86). During follow-up (mean, 5.5 years), survival at 5 years and 10 years was 65% and 41% in the aortic group and 64% and 46% in the femoral group, respectively (P=0.97). CONCLUSIONS: The cannulation site should be chosen according to the @entity0 's pathology and status, and the present study suggests that ascending cannulation in @entity0 with @entity2 can be a safe alternative, offering acceptable early and long-term outcomes.

title: Comparison of ascending aorta versus femoral artery cannulation for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of acute type A intramural @entity2 (IMH) remains controversial, varying from immediate surgery to medical management only. Conversion to typical dissection remains a concern. We analyzed our experience managing acute type A IMH. METHODS AND RESULTS: Between October 1999 and May 2008, 251 @entity0 with @entity1 were treated, including 36 (14.3%) with type A IMH. Seven IMH @entity0 (19%) were repaired immediately, 28 (80%) managed initially with optimal medical management and eventual repair and 1 (3%) with medical management only. End points analyzed were early mortality and conversion to typical dissection (flow in the false lumen of the ascending aorta). Time (hours) from onset of symptoms defined initiation of IMH. Early mortality for acute type A IMH was 8.3% (3/36): 14.3% (1/7) with immediate repair and 7.1% (2/28) when optimal medical management with eventual repair was undertaken (P=0.69). The 1 medically managed Asian @entity0 survived with resolution of the IMH. Conversion to type A IMH to typical dissection occurred in 33% (12/36) of cases. No conversions were observed within 72 hours. Aortic diameter did not predict conversion. In actuarial analysis among the initially medically managed group with eventual repair, the hazard conversion to typical dissection increased significantly at 8 days from the onset of symptoms (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Despite optimal medical management, conversion of type A IMH to typical dissection still remains a concern, with the most significant risk beyond 8 days. In our @entity0 population, timely surgical repair is recommended.

title: Acute type A intramural XXXX : analysis of current management strategy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: High- @entity1 alimentation is associated with an induction of angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II receptor expression within the vascular wall of the aorta. Despite an enhanced pressure response to angiotensin II in @entity4 conscious @entity0 , angiotensin II-induced contraction was reduced in isolated @entity2 from the aorta and unchanged in those from the iliac artery. We, therefore, investigated whether @entity1 -induced @entity4 enhances overall vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II in intact animals and whether an altered arterial baroreflex sensitivity can explain the discrepancy between experiments in intact animals and isolated blood vessels. @entity0 were maintained on a high- @entity1 diet (2 g/d @entity1 plus 20 mL/d sunflower seed oil, n=11) or on a standard diet (n=12) for 12 weeks. Total serum lipids markedly increased (P<0.05). Tissue examinations 6 weeks after termination of the high- @entity1 diet revealed distinct @entity4 and elevated @entity1 content in the aorta (P<0.05). A high- @entity1 diet did not change baseline hemodynamic parameters. However, angiotensin II-induced increases in total peripheral resistance were larger in the @entity4 animals (86.3+/-13.0 versus 41.9+/-9.7 mm Hg. L(-1). min, P<0.05). In addition, the blood pressure pulse interval relationship was markedly reduced (slope: 0.80+/-0.14 versus 0. 49+/-0.06 ms/mm Hg, P<0.05), which suggested that the baroreflex blunted the angiotensin II response to a lesser extent in @entity4 animals. In conclusion, the overall vascular responsiveness to angiotensin II is increased in the @entity4 @entity0 as indicated by the larger increase in total peripheral resistance. An @entity3 may contribute to this effect.

title: Vascular response to angiotensin II in XXXX : role of the baroreflex.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Until recently, the central nervous system (CNS) has been thought to be an immune privileged organ. However, it is now understood that neuroinflammation is linked with the development of several @entity6 including late-onset @entity2 (LOAD). The development of @entity0 is a complex process involving a wide array of molecular interactions which in the CNS remains to be further characterized. The development of neuroinflammation may represent an important link between the early stages of LOAD and its pathological outcome. It is proposed that risks for LOAD, which include genetic, biological and environmental factors can each contribute to impairment of normal CNS regulation and function. The links between risk factors and the development of neuroinflammation are numerous and involve many complex interactions which contribute to vascular compromise, oxidative stress and ultimately neuroinflammation. Once this cascade of events is initiated, the process of neuroinflammation can become overactivated resulting in further cellular damage and @entity4 . Additionally, neuroinflammation has been associated with the formation of @entity3 and @entity5 , the pathological hallmarks of LOAD. Increased levels of inflammatory markers have been correlated with an advanced @entity1 . Based on this knowledge, new therapies aimed at limiting onset of neuroinflammation could arrest or even reverse the development of the disease.

title: @entity0 and anti-inflammatory strategies for XXXX --a mini-review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Until recently, the central nervous system (CNS) has been thought to be an immune privileged organ. However, it is now understood that neuroinflammation is linked with the development of several @entity6 including late-onset @entity2 (LOAD). The development of @entity0 is a complex process involving a wide array of molecular interactions which in the CNS remains to be further characterized. The development of neuroinflammation may represent an important link between the early stages of LOAD and its pathological outcome. It is proposed that risks for LOAD, which include genetic, biological and environmental factors can each contribute to impairment of normal CNS regulation and function. The links between risk factors and the development of neuroinflammation are numerous and involve many complex interactions which contribute to vascular compromise, oxidative stress and ultimately neuroinflammation. Once this cascade of events is initiated, the process of neuroinflammation can become overactivated resulting in further cellular damage and @entity4 . Additionally, neuroinflammation has been associated with the formation of @entity3 and @entity5 , the pathological hallmarks of LOAD. Increased levels of inflammatory markers have been correlated with an advanced @entity1 . Based on this knowledge, new therapies aimed at limiting onset of neuroinflammation could arrest or even reverse the development of the disease.

title: XXXX and anti-inflammatory strategies for @entity2 --a mini-review.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We evaluated medical in comparison to surgical plus medical (surgical) treatment of @entity3 using a prospective randomized protocol that stratified @entity0 by clinical presentation and by invasive evaluation of left ventricular (LV) function. Clinical presentations were as follows--type 1: progressive or new onset @entity2 relieved by medication; type 2: prolonged bouts of @entity2 poorly or incompletely relieved by medication. Abnormal LV function was arbitrarily defined as ejection fraction less than 0.50 or LV end-diastolic pressure 16 mm Hg or more. Of 468 @entity0 , 237 were assigned to medical and 231 to surgical therapy. There were 374 type 1 and 94 type 2 @entity0 . LV function was normal in 334 and abnormal in 134 @entity0 . Compared with results at 24 months, this 60-month follow-up study showed important differences in survival for @entity0 with @entity1 : 75% for medical and 89% for surgical @entity0 (p less than 0.02). The cumulative 5-year rate of repeat hospitalizations for cardiac reasons was less with surgical @entity0 for either clinical presentation. For type 1, medical @entity0 had a 56% rate, and surgical @entity0 had a 42% rate (p = 0.004). For type 2, medical @entity0 had a 62% rate, and surgical @entity0 had a 43% rate (p = 0.05). Overall mortality did not differ between the two treatments, and this remained true in type 1 versus type 2 @entity0 and in those with normal versus abnormal LV function. However, regression analysis of medical and surgical groups with ejection fraction as a continuous variable showed that mortality of medical @entity0 depended on ejection fraction (p = 0.004), whereas the mortality of surgical @entity0 did not (p = 0.76), and survival in the surgical group was higher in the lowest ejection fraction tercile-73% for medical and 86% for surgical @entity0 , p = 0.03. We conclude that surgery improves survival in @entity0 with @entity1 and leads to fewer subsequent hospitalizations for cardiac reasons. An impaired ejection fraction had an adverse impact on survival of medical @entity0 but not on surgical @entity0 , and mortality in surgical @entity0 was improved compared with medical @entity0 in the lowest ejection fraction tercile.

title: Medical compared with surgical management of XXXX . 5-year mortality and morbidity in the Veterans Administration Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between global cerebral blood flow and different cerebral perfusion pressure ranges in severe @entity3 . DESIGN: A retrospective study SETTING: Neurosurgical and @entity2 @entity0 in an intensive care unit in a regional hospital. @entity0 AND @entity0 : Out of a series of 237 consecutive @entity0 with severe @entity3 (GCS<or=8), 162 were submitted to ICP monitoring and 89 of them underwent 180 xenon-CT studies and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) measurement. The xenon-CT studies did not include any unsalvageable @entity0 nor any mistakenly diagnosed as severe on entry. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Most (95.6%) of xenon-CT studies were obtained with CPP values within the 50-90 mmHg range. Perfusion data were grouped according to CPP values: (1) below 50 mmHg, (2) 50-60 mmHg, (3) 60-70 mmHg, (4) above 70 mmHg. Global cerebral blood flow did not differ among the groups (p=0.49). No differences in physiological variables were found among the CPP groups, except for intracranial pressure, higher in the group with CPP below 50 mmHg, and mean arterial pressure, higher in the CPP above 70 mmHg group (p<0.0001). No differences were found for cerebral metabolic rate of @entity1 and @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: There was little correlation between CPP values and global cerebral blood flow levels in our selected @entity0 , probably because pressure autoregulation was preserved. Global metabolism measurements were constant within the groups, suggesting that in @entity0 with controlled physiological variables an interplay between cerebral blood flow and metabolism might be more relevant than the relationship between CPP and cerebral blood flow.

title: Global cerebral blood flow and CPP after severe XXXX : a xenon-CT study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11 with cytologic atypia ( @entity11 ) is occasionally encountered and its biologic potential is uncertain. METHODS: The authors describe 18 cases of @entity11 characterized by the presence of prominent cytologic atypia, including nuclear enlargement, nuclear hyperchromasia, and enlarged nucleoli. DNA ploidy analysis by digital image analysis and immunostaining for high-molecular-weight cytokeratin (34betaE12), @entity12 , @entity9 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity10 ( @entity10 ), @entity6 , and @entity8 were performed in 9 cases. RESULTS: The mean @entity0 age was 62 years (median, 65 years; range, 39-84 years). The male-to-female ratio was 2.6:1. Two @entity0 had a history of noninvasive @entity7 . The typical clinical presentation was @entity4 (8 @entity0 ) and voiding symptoms (5 @entity0 ). Cystoscopic findings were suspicious for @entity1 in 7 of 13 cases. The neoplastic cells were positive for high-molecular-weight cytokeratin, @entity12 , and @entity10 , and were usually negative for @entity9 and @entity3 . @entity6 nuclear accumulation and increased @entity8 labeling index were seen in 4 cases. DNA ploidy analysis showed aneuploid pattern in 2 of 9 cases. The mean @entity0 follow-up was 3.5 years (range, 0.5-10.6 years); 2 @entity0 had recurrent @entity11 , and the remainder were alive without recurrence or @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity11 is benign; it occasionally displays @entity5 of no apparent clinical significance. Awareness of the spectrum of cytologic changes within this entity is critical to prevent overdiagnosis of @entity1 and avoid unnecessary treatment. There is no direct evidence that links @entity11 to @entity1 .

title: XXXX of the urinary tract: a precursor lesion?

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with recurrent @entity3 were evaluated to assess local control, overall survival, and complications from stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). METHODS: Twelve @entity0 (with a total of 17 @entity1 ) with recurrent @entity2 underwent SRS. Local failure was defined as @entity1 progression within the prescription isodose volume, and marginal failure was defined as @entity1 progression adjacent to the SRS prescription isodose volume. @entity1 progression away from the prescription volume was considered distant failure. Eleven of the 12 @entity0 had undergone previous resection and external beam radiation therapy (46-56 Grays [Gy]; median, 54 Gy) before radiosurgery, and 1 @entity0 had failure after complete resection alone. Age at SRS ranged from 5-56 years (median, 29 years). Three @entity0 were female. The marginal @entity1 dose was 12-24 Gy (median, 18 Gy). One to 14 isocenters (median, 4 isocenters) were utilized to irradiate volumes of 0.3-15.5 cm(3) (median, 3.2 cm(3)). RESULTS: The duration of follow-up ranged from 2.5-60 months (median, 22.5 months). The median overall survival after SRS was 3.4 years (range, 1.4-5 years). In-field local control was achieved in 14 of the 17 @entity1 sites and estimated 3-year local control was 68%. There were two in-field failures and one marginal failure. Distant failure occurred in two @entity0 . Two @entity0 developed treatment-related complications after SRS. CONCLUSIONS: SRS provides good @entity1 control for @entity0 with recurrent @entity3 and may have a favorable impact on survival. SRS should be evaluated more extensively in the initial treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 to minimize local failure after surgical management.

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery for recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of @entity0 recombinant @entity2 ( @entity1 ) on in vitro @entity0 megakaryocytopoiesis were studied utilizing a serum-depleted culture system. Recombinant @entity2 increased both the number of megakaryocyte (MK) colonies formed and the number of cells comprising individual MK colonies cloned from normal low-density bone marrow (LDBM) cells. This stimulation of MK colony number and size was significantly less than that observed following the addition of recombinant interleukin 3 ( @entity9 ) or @entity5 ( @entity8 ). The addition of either @entity9 or @entity8 , but not @entity1 promoted MK colony formation by nonadherent, low-density, T-cell-depleted (NALDT-) marrow cells. Recombinant interleukin 1 alpha ( @entity10 ) and @entity6 ( @entity11 ) failed either to promote LDBM MK colony formation when added alone or to significantly increase @entity1 -promoted MK colony formation. MK colony formation promoted by optimal doses of @entity1 was, in fact, significantly inhibited by @entity10 at all concentrations tested. Addition of either recombinant @entity3 ( @entity7 ) or purified thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF) to assays containing @entity1 also resulted in significant inhibition of MK colony formation. The effect of suboptimal concentrations of @entity1 on MK colony formation was additive to that of @entity9 but not @entity8 . The addition of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) resulted in a 58% reduction of @entity1 -promoted MK colony formation by LDBM. These data suggest that @entity1 can promote in vitro megakaryocytopoiesis and that this effect can be either augmented or inhibited by the addition of several other cytokines. Recombinant @entity2 , however, might affect the MK colony-forming unit (CFU-MK) by acting through bone marrow accessory cells or requiring the presence of as yet unidentified additional cytokines.

title: Effect of XXXX on in vitro @entity0 megakaryocytopoiesis: its interaction with other cytokines.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of @entity0 recombinant @entity2 ( @entity1 ) on in vitro @entity0 megakaryocytopoiesis were studied utilizing a serum-depleted culture system. Recombinant @entity2 increased both the number of megakaryocyte (MK) colonies formed and the number of cells comprising individual MK colonies cloned from normal low-density bone marrow (LDBM) cells. This stimulation of MK colony number and size was significantly less than that observed following the addition of recombinant interleukin 3 ( @entity9 ) or @entity5 ( @entity8 ). The addition of either @entity9 or @entity8 , but not @entity1 promoted MK colony formation by nonadherent, low-density, T-cell-depleted (NALDT-) marrow cells. Recombinant interleukin 1 alpha ( @entity10 ) and @entity6 ( @entity11 ) failed either to promote LDBM MK colony formation when added alone or to significantly increase @entity1 -promoted MK colony formation. MK colony formation promoted by optimal doses of @entity1 was, in fact, significantly inhibited by @entity10 at all concentrations tested. Addition of either recombinant @entity3 ( @entity7 ) or purified thrombocytopoiesis-stimulating factor (TSF) to assays containing @entity1 also resulted in significant inhibition of MK colony formation. The effect of suboptimal concentrations of @entity1 on MK colony formation was additive to that of @entity9 but not @entity8 . The addition of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) resulted in a 58% reduction of @entity1 -promoted MK colony formation by LDBM. These data suggest that @entity1 can promote in vitro megakaryocytopoiesis and that this effect can be either augmented or inhibited by the addition of several other cytokines. Recombinant @entity2 , however, might affect the MK colony-forming unit (CFU-MK) by acting through bone marrow accessory cells or requiring the presence of as yet unidentified additional cytokines.

title: Effect of @entity2 on in vitro XXXX megakaryocytopoiesis: its interaction with other cytokines.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting apocrine gland-bearing areas of the skin. There is currently no satisfactory treatment. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of a 10-week course of combination @entity4 300 mg twice daily and @entity2 300 mg twice daily in the treatment of @entity3 . METHODS: @entity0 who had received combination therapy with @entity4 and @entity2 for @entity3 at one U.K. Dermatology Centre between the years 1998 and 2003 were identified from pharmacy records. Their records were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity0 with @entity3 had received treatment with combination therapy. Eight of these @entity0 achieved remission and a further two achieved remission when @entity1 was substituted for @entity4 . Four @entity0 were unable to tolerate therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This small retrospective study indicates that combination therapy with @entity4 and @entity2 may be effective for @entity3 . However, there is a need for a placebo-controlled trial.

title: XXXX and @entity2 combination therapy for hidradenitis suppurativa.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting apocrine gland-bearing areas of the skin. There is currently no satisfactory treatment. OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy of a 10-week course of combination @entity4 300 mg twice daily and @entity2 300 mg twice daily in the treatment of @entity3 . METHODS: @entity0 who had received combination therapy with @entity4 and @entity2 for @entity3 at one U.K. Dermatology Centre between the years 1998 and 2003 were identified from pharmacy records. Their records were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity0 with @entity3 had received treatment with combination therapy. Eight of these @entity0 achieved remission and a further two achieved remission when @entity1 was substituted for @entity4 . Four @entity0 were unable to tolerate therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This small retrospective study indicates that combination therapy with @entity4 and @entity2 may be effective for @entity3 . However, there is a need for a placebo-controlled trial.

title: @entity4 and XXXX combination therapy for hidradenitis suppurativa.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective study was to summarize the most frequent clinical signs, ultrasonographic, and histological findings accompanying @entity3 as a result of @entity1 in @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity6 . ANIMALS STUDIED AND PROCEDURES: Thirty small animals and three @entity6 diagnosed with @entity3 resulting from @entity1 . B-mode ultrasonography was performed on 20 animals. Histopathology was carried out on 18 enucleated globes. RESULTS: In small animals, 80% presented @entity8 , 60% @entity5 , and 53% eyelid and conjunctival swelling. In @entity6 , 100% presented eyelid and conjunctival swelling, 67% @entity8 , @entity5 , and collapsed anterior chamber. Ultrasonographic findings were an area with ill-defined scleral margins (90%), echoic/hyperechoic contents in the anterior and posterior chamber (55%) and in the vitreous (80%). In small animals, @entity3 location noted on gross examination was: at the posterior pole (4), close to the optic nerve (3), near the limbus (2), and in the dorsal aspect of the globe (1). In @entity6 , the lesion was located at the limbus (3). In small animals, histopathology showed presence of @entity5 in the anterior, posterior chamber, and vitreous (94%), @entity7 (94%), @entity0 and @entity5 (88%), and @entity7 as a result of @entity5 (88%). The same lesions were found in the globes of two @entity6 . In small animals, @entity3 location noted on histopathology was: at the posterior pole (8), close to the optic nerve (4), near the limbus (1), near the ciliary body (1). CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent clinical signs observed were @entity8 , @entity5 , and eyelid and conjunctival swelling. Ultrasonographic findings suggestive for @entity3 were ill-defined scleral borders and/or echoic/hyperechoic material in the cavities of the globe. On histopathology, lesions severely altering the anatomy of the eye structures were: @entity5 into the chambers of the globe, subretinal and @entity5 leading to retinal and @entity7 , respectively. In small animals, the most frequent locations for @entity3 were the posterior pole and close to the optic nerve, whereas in @entity6 it was the limbus.

title: XXXX in @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective study was to summarize the most frequent clinical signs, ultrasonographic, and histological findings accompanying @entity3 as a result of @entity1 in @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity6 . ANIMALS STUDIED AND PROCEDURES: Thirty small animals and three @entity6 diagnosed with @entity3 resulting from @entity1 . B-mode ultrasonography was performed on 20 animals. Histopathology was carried out on 18 enucleated globes. RESULTS: In small animals, 80% presented @entity8 , 60% @entity5 , and 53% eyelid and conjunctival swelling. In @entity6 , 100% presented eyelid and conjunctival swelling, 67% @entity8 , @entity5 , and collapsed anterior chamber. Ultrasonographic findings were an area with ill-defined scleral margins (90%), echoic/hyperechoic contents in the anterior and posterior chamber (55%) and in the vitreous (80%). In small animals, @entity3 location noted on gross examination was: at the posterior pole (4), close to the optic nerve (3), near the limbus (2), and in the dorsal aspect of the globe (1). In @entity6 , the lesion was located at the limbus (3). In small animals, histopathology showed presence of @entity5 in the anterior, posterior chamber, and vitreous (94%), @entity7 (94%), @entity0 and @entity5 (88%), and @entity7 as a result of @entity5 (88%). The same lesions were found in the globes of two @entity6 . In small animals, @entity3 location noted on histopathology was: at the posterior pole (8), close to the optic nerve (4), near the limbus (1), near the ciliary body (1). CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent clinical signs observed were @entity8 , @entity5 , and eyelid and conjunctival swelling. Ultrasonographic findings suggestive for @entity3 were ill-defined scleral borders and/or echoic/hyperechoic material in the cavities of the globe. On histopathology, lesions severely altering the anatomy of the eye structures were: @entity5 into the chambers of the globe, subretinal and @entity5 leading to retinal and @entity7 , respectively. In small animals, the most frequent locations for @entity3 were the posterior pole and close to the optic nerve, whereas in @entity6 it was the limbus.

title: @entity3 in @entity2 , @entity4 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective study was to summarize the most frequent clinical signs, ultrasonographic, and histological findings accompanying @entity3 as a result of @entity1 in @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity6 . ANIMALS STUDIED AND PROCEDURES: Thirty small animals and three @entity6 diagnosed with @entity3 resulting from @entity1 . B-mode ultrasonography was performed on 20 animals. Histopathology was carried out on 18 enucleated globes. RESULTS: In small animals, 80% presented @entity8 , 60% @entity5 , and 53% eyelid and conjunctival swelling. In @entity6 , 100% presented eyelid and conjunctival swelling, 67% @entity8 , @entity5 , and collapsed anterior chamber. Ultrasonographic findings were an area with ill-defined scleral margins (90%), echoic/hyperechoic contents in the anterior and posterior chamber (55%) and in the vitreous (80%). In small animals, @entity3 location noted on gross examination was: at the posterior pole (4), close to the optic nerve (3), near the limbus (2), and in the dorsal aspect of the globe (1). In @entity6 , the lesion was located at the limbus (3). In small animals, histopathology showed presence of @entity5 in the anterior, posterior chamber, and vitreous (94%), @entity7 (94%), @entity0 and @entity5 (88%), and @entity7 as a result of @entity5 (88%). The same lesions were found in the globes of two @entity6 . In small animals, @entity3 location noted on histopathology was: at the posterior pole (8), close to the optic nerve (4), near the limbus (1), near the ciliary body (1). CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent clinical signs observed were @entity8 , @entity5 , and eyelid and conjunctival swelling. Ultrasonographic findings suggestive for @entity3 were ill-defined scleral borders and/or echoic/hyperechoic material in the cavities of the globe. On histopathology, lesions severely altering the anatomy of the eye structures were: @entity5 into the chambers of the globe, subretinal and @entity5 leading to retinal and @entity7 , respectively. In small animals, the most frequent locations for @entity3 were the posterior pole and close to the optic nerve, whereas in @entity6 it was the limbus.

title: @entity3 in @entity2 , XXXX , and @entity6 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this retrospective study was to summarize the most frequent clinical signs, ultrasonographic, and histological findings accompanying @entity3 as a result of @entity1 in @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity6 . ANIMALS STUDIED AND PROCEDURES: Thirty small animals and three @entity6 diagnosed with @entity3 resulting from @entity1 . B-mode ultrasonography was performed on 20 animals. Histopathology was carried out on 18 enucleated globes. RESULTS: In small animals, 80% presented @entity8 , 60% @entity5 , and 53% eyelid and conjunctival swelling. In @entity6 , 100% presented eyelid and conjunctival swelling, 67% @entity8 , @entity5 , and collapsed anterior chamber. Ultrasonographic findings were an area with ill-defined scleral margins (90%), echoic/hyperechoic contents in the anterior and posterior chamber (55%) and in the vitreous (80%). In small animals, @entity3 location noted on gross examination was: at the posterior pole (4), close to the optic nerve (3), near the limbus (2), and in the dorsal aspect of the globe (1). In @entity6 , the lesion was located at the limbus (3). In small animals, histopathology showed presence of @entity5 in the anterior, posterior chamber, and vitreous (94%), @entity7 (94%), @entity0 and @entity5 (88%), and @entity7 as a result of @entity5 (88%). The same lesions were found in the globes of two @entity6 . In small animals, @entity3 location noted on histopathology was: at the posterior pole (8), close to the optic nerve (4), near the limbus (1), near the ciliary body (1). CONCLUSIONS: The most frequent clinical signs observed were @entity8 , @entity5 , and eyelid and conjunctival swelling. Ultrasonographic findings suggestive for @entity3 were ill-defined scleral borders and/or echoic/hyperechoic material in the cavities of the globe. On histopathology, lesions severely altering the anatomy of the eye structures were: @entity5 into the chambers of the globe, subretinal and @entity5 leading to retinal and @entity7 , respectively. In small animals, the most frequent locations for @entity3 were the posterior pole and close to the optic nerve, whereas in @entity6 it was the limbus.

title: @entity3 in XXXX , @entity4 , and @entity6 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: There are no standardized definitions for anti- @entity1 therapy outcomes. The present study was conducted to evaluate whether the incorporation of several non-invasive outcome measures into a new score may serve as a meaningful outcome instrument. Ninety-four consecutive sphincteric incontinent @entity0 who underwent a pubovaginal sling by a single surgeon were enrolled. All @entity0 underwent a full clinical evaluation, including pre- and post-operative questionnaires, 24-hour voiding diary, and 24-hour pad test. Surgery outcomes were classified twice: First, by analyzing the @entity0 questionnaire, voiding diary, and pad test separately, according to previously published criteria, and second, by combining the three outcome tools into a new response score. The new score was constructed in a simple, easy-to-remember format and divided into five categories: cure, good response, fair response, poor response, and failure. All @entity0 were evaluated at least 1 year post-operatively. Comparison of the old and new classifications suggests that the new response score provides a more accurate evaluation of the surgical outcomes. Although 64 to 69% of the @entity0 were originally classified as cure according to the old classification, only 44.7% were re-classified as cure by the strict criteria employed in the new score. Furthermore, the response score also differentiates between various degrees of clinical improvement (i.e., good, fair, or poor response). Twenty-five (26.6%) @entity0 , most of whom were previously classified as cure, were re-classified as good response, whereas 20 others were re-classified as fair (13. 9%), or poor (7.4%) response. Seven (7.4%) @entity0 were re-classified as surgical failures. All were diagnosed pre-operatively as having complex sphincteric @entity1 . Specific failure rates were therefore 11.3% for complex and 0% for simple cases. In conclusion, the suggested post-operative response score incorporates in a user-friendly format three popular outcome tools (i.e., 24-hour diary, 24-hour pad test, and @entity0 questionnaire) and seems to reflect the surgical results more accurately. Further studies are needed to assess its validity and reproducibility in other treatment modalities. Neurourol Urodynam. 19:127-135, 2000.

title: A simplified urinary XXXX score for the evaluation of treatment outcomes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyze the success of circumferential ablation of @entity4 and to investigate possible clinical and electroanatomic predictors of recurrence of @entity3 . METHODS: 104 consecutive @entity0 free of structural @entity1 and refractory to at least two antiarrhythmic drugs, and undergoing circumferential ablation for the treatment of paroxysmal/persistent @entity4 were analyzed. Seventy two @entity0 were males and the mean age of the group was 58.6 + 10.9 years. The procedure consisted of a single transseptal puncture and three-dimension mapping using the CARTO system to acquire points in the left atrium and pulmonary veins. Radiofrequency applications were performed encircling the @entity2 , up to a > or = 80% reduction of the atrial potential amplitude. One additional line was created in the mitral isthmus and another in the cavotricuspid isthmus. Total left atrium volume, area ablated around the pulmonary veins, and completeness of the ablation line (complete or incomplete line) were analyzed. A line was considered complete when the distance between two contiguous radiofrequency application points was lower than 10mm. RESULTS: In a mean 18-month follow-up, 87 @entity0 were in sinus rhythm (84%), and 17 @entity0 presented recurrence (16%). In the multivariate analysis, only the left atrial volume (p<0.0001) and complete ablation (p<0.05) were independent predictors of recurrence. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the left atrial volume and the presence of complete ablation are predictive of recurrence of @entity4 .

title: Prognostic criteria of success and recurrence in circumferential ablation for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: We examined 149 @entity1 cell lines for homozygous deletions using 24 DNA markers, which were mapped and ordered in chromosome band 9p21, to define the target regions for 9p21 deletions in @entity0 @entity1 . Homozygous deletions were detected in 39 (26%) cell lines and clustered at 2 independent regions. One was the region containing the @entity3 / @entity3 @entity2 suppressor gene, and this region was deleted in 32 (21%) cell lines. The other was the region containing D9S171, which is the locus approximately 3 Mb proximal to the @entity3 locus. This region, designated as the D9S171 region, was deleted in 18 (12%) cell lines. Seven of the 18 cell lines had identical minimum deletions of a 17,036 bp sequence located 20 kb distal to the D9S171 locus. However, such a deletion was also observed in the corresponding B-lymphoblastoid cell line from 1 of the 7 cell lines and in 5 (16%) of 32 noncancerous tissues, suggesting that the deletion was a genetic polymorphism. By considering this polymorphism, 11 (7%) cell lines still had deletions at the D9S171 region. Two NSCLC cell lines showed deletions at the D9S171 region and retentions of the @entity3 locus. Furthermore, an NSCLC cell line showed discontinuous deletions including either the @entity3 or D9S171 locus. Therefore, the region surrounding the D9S171 locus was defined as another target region for the 9p21 deletions. It is possible that unknown @entity2 suppressor gene(s) are present in this chromosomal region. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 27:308-318, 2000.

title: Two regions of homozygous deletion clusters at chromosome band 9p21 in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We examined 149 @entity1 cell lines for homozygous deletions using 24 DNA markers, which were mapped and ordered in chromosome band 9p21, to define the target regions for 9p21 deletions in @entity0 @entity1 . Homozygous deletions were detected in 39 (26%) cell lines and clustered at 2 independent regions. One was the region containing the @entity3 / @entity3 @entity2 suppressor gene, and this region was deleted in 32 (21%) cell lines. The other was the region containing D9S171, which is the locus approximately 3 Mb proximal to the @entity3 locus. This region, designated as the D9S171 region, was deleted in 18 (12%) cell lines. Seven of the 18 cell lines had identical minimum deletions of a 17,036 bp sequence located 20 kb distal to the D9S171 locus. However, such a deletion was also observed in the corresponding B-lymphoblastoid cell line from 1 of the 7 cell lines and in 5 (16%) of 32 noncancerous tissues, suggesting that the deletion was a genetic polymorphism. By considering this polymorphism, 11 (7%) cell lines still had deletions at the D9S171 region. Two NSCLC cell lines showed deletions at the D9S171 region and retentions of the @entity3 locus. Furthermore, an NSCLC cell line showed discontinuous deletions including either the @entity3 or D9S171 locus. Therefore, the region surrounding the D9S171 locus was defined as another target region for the 9p21 deletions. It is possible that unknown @entity2 suppressor gene(s) are present in this chromosomal region. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 27:308-318, 2000.

title: Two regions of homozygous deletion clusters at chromosome band 9p21 in XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical features and natural history of @entity7 are highly dependent on the type of center reporting their experience. Observations from oncology services suggest a high incidence of nonfunctioning @entity1 , whereas reports from endocrine clinics emphasize excessive corticoid and @entity4 production in the majority of @entity1 . The incidence rate and natural history of childhood @entity9 generally has been under emphasized. METHODS: Over the past 17 years, the authors have evaluated and treated 47 @entity0 with @entity7 referred to the University of @entity6 Paulo, 22 of whom were @entity0 . RESULTS: There is a bimodal age incidence of @entity9 , with the disease peaking in the first and fourth decades of life. Childhood @entity9 is characterized by a high rate of incidence of virilization, marked overproduction of @entity8 , and a less @entity2 clinical course, and appears to be more amenable to surgical and other therapeutic modalities. By contrast, @entity7 occurring in adults presents more commonly as a mixed @entity5 , with overproduction of corticoids and @entity8 and a far more @entity2 clinical course, leading to rapid @entity3 within months or years. Nonfunctioning @entity7 is less common; it generally occurs in older adults and exhibits a rapid downhill course. Modern day imaging methods have improved the diagnosis and staging of @entity9 greatly. In the authors' experience, the histologic criteria of Weiss appeared to predict @entity1 prognosis most accurately, whereas immunologic markers, cytoskeletal markers, DNA ploidy, cell phase markers, and oncogenic probes have yielded inconsistent results to date. Surgical removal of a @entity1 remains the best hope for long term survival. Medical therapy with @entity10 and its successors in @entity0 with Stage III or IV (MacFarlane system as modified by Sullivan et al.) disease appear to have added little to longevity or quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: When diagnosed in @entity0 , @entity9 is associated with virilism and a less @entity2 natural history; however, when it occurs in adults, the disease presents more commonly as a mixed @entity5 and has a virulent course. The Weiss histologic criteria appear to correlate best with disease prognosis, but other histochemical, cell cycle, and genetic markers have not, to date, aided in disease management.

title: XXXX : clinical and laboratory observations.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endothelial function plays a key role in determining the clinical manifestations of @entity7 . Elevated high-sensitive @entity8 (hsCRP) relates to long-term prognosis of @entity1 . HYPOTHESIS: We test the hypothesis that combined use of endothelial function and hsCRP could increase predictive value of future @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: 205 @entity0 were followed up for a median period of 24 months. Endothelial function was assessed using brachial ultrasound to measure endothelium-dependent @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Cox regression analyses were conducted for the 205 subjects, with @entity1 being defined as @entity5 , hospitalization due to @entity6 , percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, and @entity2 . Twenty nine (14%) developed @entity1 . Both @entity3 and hsCRP were significantly predictive of @entity1 (relative risk for @entity0 with @entity3 <3% as compared to those with @entity3 >6%, 4.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30-16.66, p=0.018; relative risk for the highest as compared with the lowest tertile of hsCRP level, 3.59, 95% CI: 1.32-9.74, p=0.012, respectively). Further risk analysis was performed among four groups classified by @entity3 ( @entity3 >or= 6% or<6%) and half percentile of hsCRP (hsCRP >or= 1 or<1 mg/dL). Relative risks for the @entity3 <6%/hsCRP >or= 1 mg/dL group compared to @entity3 >or= 6%/hsCRP<1 mg/dL group increased markedly to 12.598 (95% CI: 1.69 to 94.14, p=0.014) for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with suspected @entity4 may benefit from risk stratification based on both endothelium-dependent @entity3 and hsCRP, since combined these two factors contribute significantly toward the incidence of @entity1 .

title: Combined use of endothelial function assessed by brachial ultrasound and high-sensitive XXXX in predicting @entity1 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endothelial function plays a key role in determining the clinical manifestations of @entity7 . Elevated high-sensitive @entity8 (hsCRP) relates to long-term prognosis of @entity1 . HYPOTHESIS: We test the hypothesis that combined use of endothelial function and hsCRP could increase predictive value of future @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: 205 @entity0 were followed up for a median period of 24 months. Endothelial function was assessed using brachial ultrasound to measure endothelium-dependent @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Cox regression analyses were conducted for the 205 subjects, with @entity1 being defined as @entity5 , hospitalization due to @entity6 , percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass grafting, and @entity2 . Twenty nine (14%) developed @entity1 . Both @entity3 and hsCRP were significantly predictive of @entity1 (relative risk for @entity0 with @entity3 <3% as compared to those with @entity3 >6%, 4.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30-16.66, p=0.018; relative risk for the highest as compared with the lowest tertile of hsCRP level, 3.59, 95% CI: 1.32-9.74, p=0.012, respectively). Further risk analysis was performed among four groups classified by @entity3 ( @entity3 >or= 6% or<6%) and half percentile of hsCRP (hsCRP >or= 1 or<1 mg/dL). Relative risks for the @entity3 <6%/hsCRP >or= 1 mg/dL group compared to @entity3 >or= 6%/hsCRP<1 mg/dL group increased markedly to 12.598 (95% CI: 1.69 to 94.14, p=0.014) for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with suspected @entity4 may benefit from risk stratification based on both endothelium-dependent @entity3 and hsCRP, since combined these two factors contribute significantly toward the incidence of @entity1 .

title: Combined use of endothelial function assessed by brachial ultrasound and high-sensitive @entity8 in predicting XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of 16-slice multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT) of the coronaries and to provide data in a real clinical setting. Previous 16-slice MSCT studies presented data excluding @entity0 with @entity4 , vessels of < 1.5 or 2 mm, and segments with impaired image quality. By including these data for 16-slice MSCT, a direct comparison with new data from 64-slice MSCT is possible. METHODS AND RESULTS: Sixty two @entity0 with suspected or known @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were prospectively enrolled and underwent computed tomography angiography (CTA) and invasive coronary angiography (ICA). All vessels were evaluated for the presence of a significant @entity6 (>50%) using the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) 15-segment model. From the evaluation of 917 segments, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value (NPV) (positive predictive value [ @entity5 ] and NPV) for the presence of relevant @entity6 were 73, 98, and 71 and 98% per segment and 94, 90, and 91 and 93% per @entity0 , respectively. The influence of age, gender, body surface area (BSA), heart rate (HR), stents, and @entity1 -score value was analyzed. High @entity1 -score values were the only statistically significant predictor for impaired diagnostic accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, CTA with evaluation of all vessel segments in a broad spectrum of @entity0 allowed accurate and fast noninvasive coronary artery evaluation, including evaluation of stented segments. These data are very similar to those published recently for 64-slice scanners.

title: Diagnostic value of the 16-detector row multislice spiral computed tomography for the detection of XXXX in comparison to invasive coronary angiography.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The @entity5 envelope glycoproteins of ecotropic @entity0 @entity4 viruses bind to receptors that occur only on @entity0 and @entity1 cells and on interspecies hybrid cells that contain @entity0 chromosome 5. A substantial fraction of the @entity5 that was bound specifically by these criteria remained undegraded and accessible to extracellular labeling reagents for many hours. Accordingly, cells with ecotropic receptors could be labeled specifically. As seen by immunofluorescence microscopy, the @entity5 -receptor complexes were uniformly dispersed on @entity0 fibroblast plasma membranes. These complexes were mobile, and they aggregated into patches when crosslinked by antibodies at 37 degrees, but not when membrane lipid fluidity was frozen at 0 degrees. Ecotropic receptors still bound @entity5 specifically after cells were fixed with 3.7% @entity2 , but these receptors could not be patched, indicating that they were nondiffusible. Viable cells slowly endocytosed @entity5 -receptor complexes at 37 degrees (approximate half-life 5-7 hr) and the @entity5 was then proteolytically degraded in lysosomes. In the presence of 20 microM @entity3 , a lysosomal inhibitor, undegraded @entity5 was seen to slowly accumulate in these intracellular organelles. These results suggest that ecotropic receptors mediate a slow internalization of attached ligand. Long-lived binding of @entity5 onto surfaces of uninfected cells may explain important features of viral-induced @entity4 , the host immune response, and immunosuppression.

title: Cell surface receptors for ecotropic XXXX retroviruses: mobile membrane proteins that mediate binding and slow endocytosis of the viral envelope glycoprotein.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to investigate @entity1 and the opioid-sparing effect of the preoperative administration of intravenous @entity4 axetil in @entity0 undergoing spinal fusion surgery. METHODS: Thirty-six @entity0 were randomly allocated into one of three groups. Group A received preoperative @entity4 axetil, 1 mg x kg(-1). Group B received postoperative @entity4 axetil, 1 mg x kg(-1). Group C received a placebo. All groups were given a standardized anesthesia and intravenous @entity3 via a @entity0 -controlled analgesia device for @entity1 . The @entity2 score was evaluated by a visual analog scale (VAS) at 0 (T(0)), 1 (T(1)), 2 (T(2)), 6 (T(3)), 12 (T(4)), and 24 (T(5)) h after surgery, and the @entity3 requirement was recorded during the study period. RESULTS: VAS in group A was significantly lower than that in group B at T(0) and T(1). VAS in group A was significantly lower than that in group C throughout the time course after surgery. Postoperative @entity3 consumption in group A was significantly lower than that in groups B and C at T(0) to T(3). CONCLUSION: As compared with postoperative administration, preoperative administration of intravenous @entity4 axetil provides better @entity1 and an opioid-sparing effect in @entity0 undergoing spinal fusion surgery under general anesthesia.

title: Preoperative administration of intravenous XXXX axetil reduces postoperative pain for spinal fusion surgery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Concomitant chemoradiotherapy prior to surgery of locally advanced @entity4 (clinical T3- 4, and/or N+) might improve the therapeutic results. We report on our clinical experience with 34 @entity0 receiving concurrent preoperative radiotherapy and @entity7 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Between September 2001 and March 2003, 34 @entity0 with a median age of 62 years (range 18-75 years) were treated for @entity3 . @entity7 was administered orally at a dose of 825 mg/m(2) twice-daily concomitantly every day during pelvic irradiation. The planned total dose of radiotherapy was 50.4 Gy, given with daily fractions of 1.8Gy, 5 days a week, over a period of about 5.5 weeks. Large pelvic dose ( @entity6 -1) was 45.0 Gy/25 fractions in 5 weeks. Higher dose up to 50.4 Gy in further 3 fractions was given using boost fields ( @entity6 -2). Radiotherapy was performed with high-energy photon beam (18 MV) linear accelerator using 3-dimensional (3D) treatment planning for 3 or 4 fields technique. RESULTS: @entity2 was low: grade (G) 3 local @entity10 (6%), G3 @entity5 in 3 (9%) and G3 @entity9 in 1 (3%) @entity0 . However, 2(6%) @entity0 required drug dose reduction by 80%. Sphincter-sparing surgery was possible in 25 (76.5%) @entity0 while 9 (26%) @entity0 had radical surgery with removal of all macroscopic disease. Tumor mass downstaging by TNM criteria has been achieved in all of the treated @entity0 . Pathological (p) complete response (CR) was verified in 7 (21%) @entity0 and minimal @entity1 was found in 6 (17%) @entity0 , for a total of 13 (38%) @entity0 with substantial disease remission. CONCLUSION: Preoperative concomitant radiotherapy and oral @entity7 chemotherapy for locally advanced @entity8 appears to be an effective and safe therapeutic choice, improving the chance for rectal-sparing surgery. The follow-up time is rather short to evaluate time to progression and survival.

title: Neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced XXXX with concomitant radiotherapy and oral @entity7 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: Concomitant chemoradiotherapy prior to surgery of locally advanced @entity4 (clinical T3- 4, and/or N+) might improve the therapeutic results. We report on our clinical experience with 34 @entity0 receiving concurrent preoperative radiotherapy and @entity7 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Between September 2001 and March 2003, 34 @entity0 with a median age of 62 years (range 18-75 years) were treated for @entity3 . @entity7 was administered orally at a dose of 825 mg/m(2) twice-daily concomitantly every day during pelvic irradiation. The planned total dose of radiotherapy was 50.4 Gy, given with daily fractions of 1.8Gy, 5 days a week, over a period of about 5.5 weeks. Large pelvic dose ( @entity6 -1) was 45.0 Gy/25 fractions in 5 weeks. Higher dose up to 50.4 Gy in further 3 fractions was given using boost fields ( @entity6 -2). Radiotherapy was performed with high-energy photon beam (18 MV) linear accelerator using 3-dimensional (3D) treatment planning for 3 or 4 fields technique. RESULTS: @entity2 was low: grade (G) 3 local @entity10 (6%), G3 @entity5 in 3 (9%) and G3 @entity9 in 1 (3%) @entity0 . However, 2(6%) @entity0 required drug dose reduction by 80%. Sphincter-sparing surgery was possible in 25 (76.5%) @entity0 while 9 (26%) @entity0 had radical surgery with removal of all macroscopic disease. Tumor mass downstaging by TNM criteria has been achieved in all of the treated @entity0 . Pathological (p) complete response (CR) was verified in 7 (21%) @entity0 and minimal @entity1 was found in 6 (17%) @entity0 , for a total of 13 (38%) @entity0 with substantial disease remission. CONCLUSION: Preoperative concomitant radiotherapy and oral @entity7 chemotherapy for locally advanced @entity8 appears to be an effective and safe therapeutic choice, improving the chance for rectal-sparing surgery. The follow-up time is rather short to evaluate time to progression and survival.

title: Neoadjuvant treatment for locally advanced @entity8 with concomitant radiotherapy and oral XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: We previously reported the efficacy of oral cryotherapy for the prevention of high-dose melphalan-induced @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the further shortening of the duration of oral cryotherapy could minimize its side effects while sparing its efficacy. Seventeen consecutive recipients of allogeneic hematopoieic stem cell transplant conditioned with high-dose melphalan in combination with @entity4 alone or with @entity4 and additional radiation were enrolled in the study. The severity of @entity5 was graded according to the National @entity1 Institute-Common @entity2 Criteria. @entity0 were kept on oral cryotherapy shortly before, during, and for additional 30 min after the completion of melphalan administration (60-min oral cryotherapy). @entity0 who were also enrolled in our previous study received the same type of oral cryotherapy but for additional 90 min after the completion of melphalan administration (120-min oral cryotherapy), and they served as controls. Only 2 (11.8%) of 17 @entity0 receiving 60-min oral cryotherapy and 2 (11.1%) of 18 @entity0 receiving 120-min oral cryotherapy developed grade 2 or 3 @entity5 , respectively. The difference between groups was not statistically significant (P = 0.677). The incidence of unpleasant symptoms such as chills and @entity3 during oral cryotherapy decreased significantly with 60-min oral cryotherapy, as compared with that associated with 120-min oral cryotherapy (P < 0.01). These results suggest that 60-min oral cryotherapy is as effective as 120-min oral cryotherapy at preventing high-dose melphalan-induced @entity5 , and shorter treatment might have contributed to relieve @entity0 discomfort during oral cryotherapy.

title: Brief oral cryotherapy for the prevention of high-dose melphalan-induced XXXX in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are at high risk for @entity2 , @entity3 , and cardiac mortality after coronary stenting, and the long-term safety of drug-eluting stents ( @entity4 ) relative to bare-metal stents (BMS) in @entity1 is uncertain. We report on a large consecutive series of @entity0 with @entity1 followed up for 3 years after @entity4 and BMS from a regional contemporary US practice with mandatory reporting. METHODS AND RESULTS: All adults with @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting between April 1, 2003, and September 30, 2004, at all acute care nonfederal hospitals in Massachusetts were identified from a mandatory state database. According to index admission stent type, @entity0 were classified as @entity4 treated if all stents were drug eluting and as BMS treated if all stents were bare metal; @entity0 treated with both types of stents were excluded from the primary analysis. Mortality rates were obtained from vital statistics records, and @entity3 and revascularization rates were obtained from the state database with complete 3 years of follow-up on the entire cohort. Risk-adjusted mortality, @entity3 , and revascularization differences ( @entity4 -BMS) were estimated with propensity-score matching based on clinical, procedural, hospital, and insurance information collected at the index admission. @entity1 was present in 5051 @entity0 (29% of the population) treated with @entity4 or BMS during the study. @entity0 with @entity1 were more likely to receive @entity4 than BMS (66.1% versus 33.9%; P<0.001). The unadjusted cumulative incidence of mortality at 3 years was 14.4% in @entity4 versus 22.2% in BMS (P<0.001). Based on propensity-score analysis of 1:1 matched @entity4 versus BMS @entity0 (1476 @entity4 :1476 BMS), the risk-adjusted mortality, MI, and target vessel revascularization rates at 3 years were 17.5% versus 20.7% (risk difference, -3.2%; 95% confidence interval, -6.0 to -0.4; P=0.02), 13.8% versus 16.9% (-3.0%; 95% confidence interval, -5.6 to 0.5; P=0.02), and 18.4% versus 23.7% (-5.4%; confidence interval, -8.3 to -2.4; P<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In a real-world @entity1 @entity0 population with mandatory reporting and follow-up, @entity4 were associated with reduced mortality, @entity3 , and revascularization rates at long-term follow-up compared with BMS.

title: Drug-eluting or bare-metal stenting in @entity0 with XXXX : results from the Massachusetts Data Analysis Center Registry.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are at high risk for @entity2 , @entity3 , and cardiac mortality after coronary stenting, and the long-term safety of drug-eluting stents ( @entity4 ) relative to bare-metal stents (BMS) in @entity1 is uncertain. We report on a large consecutive series of @entity0 with @entity1 followed up for 3 years after @entity4 and BMS from a regional contemporary US practice with mandatory reporting. METHODS AND RESULTS: All adults with @entity1 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with stenting between April 1, 2003, and September 30, 2004, at all acute care nonfederal hospitals in Massachusetts were identified from a mandatory state database. According to index admission stent type, @entity0 were classified as @entity4 treated if all stents were drug eluting and as BMS treated if all stents were bare metal; @entity0 treated with both types of stents were excluded from the primary analysis. Mortality rates were obtained from vital statistics records, and @entity3 and revascularization rates were obtained from the state database with complete 3 years of follow-up on the entire cohort. Risk-adjusted mortality, @entity3 , and revascularization differences ( @entity4 -BMS) were estimated with propensity-score matching based on clinical, procedural, hospital, and insurance information collected at the index admission. @entity1 was present in 5051 @entity0 (29% of the population) treated with @entity4 or BMS during the study. @entity0 with @entity1 were more likely to receive @entity4 than BMS (66.1% versus 33.9%; P<0.001). The unadjusted cumulative incidence of mortality at 3 years was 14.4% in @entity4 versus 22.2% in BMS (P<0.001). Based on propensity-score analysis of 1:1 matched @entity4 versus BMS @entity0 (1476 @entity4 :1476 BMS), the risk-adjusted mortality, MI, and target vessel revascularization rates at 3 years were 17.5% versus 20.7% (risk difference, -3.2%; 95% confidence interval, -6.0 to -0.4; P=0.02), 13.8% versus 16.9% (-3.0%; 95% confidence interval, -5.6 to 0.5; P=0.02), and 18.4% versus 23.7% (-5.4%; confidence interval, -8.3 to -2.4; P<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In a real-world @entity1 @entity0 population with mandatory reporting and follow-up, @entity4 were associated with reduced mortality, @entity3 , and revascularization rates at long-term follow-up compared with BMS.

title: Drug-eluting or bare-metal stenting in XXXX with @entity1 : results from the Massachusetts Data Analysis Center Registry.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prophylactic transplantation of marrow stromal cells (MSCs) before @entity4 has been shown to attenuate neurologic injures. We sought to investigate the therapeutic effect of MSCs on @entity0 -injured spinal cord. METHODS: Marrow stromal cells were expanded in vitro and prelabeled with @entity3 . @entity4 was induced in @entity1 by @entity2 for 30 minutes. Four groups were enrolled. About 1 x 10(8) MSCs were intrathecally injected 2 hours (group MSC-2h), 24 hours (group MSC-24h), or 48 hours (group MSC-48h) after @entity4 , respectively. The control group received intrathecal injection of medium alone. Hind-limb motor function was assessed during a 28-day recovery period with Tarlov criteria, and then histologic examination was performed. RESULTS: Marrow stromal cells still could be found in the spinal cord 4 weeks after transplantation. The capillary density in the ventral gray matter was significantly increased in the three MSC-treated groups (p < 0.01 versus control group, respectively). After a 28-day recovery, marked functional improvement was detected in group MSC-2h (from day 1 to 28, p < 0.05, versus control group, respectively) and group MSC-24h (from day 14 to 28, p < 0.05, versus control group, respectively), but not in group MSC-48h. The number of intact motor neurons was much greater in group MSC-2h (p < 0.05, versus control group). CONCLUSIONS: Intrathecal injection of MSCs enhances angiogenesis in the host spinal cord and improves the motor functional recovery after @entity4 . The therapeutic time window is critical for the therapeutic effect of MSCs.

title: Therapeutic benefit of intrathecal injection of marrow stromal cells on XXXX -injured spinal cord.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Infection of @entity0 with Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the etiologic agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, can cause @entity4 of various levels of severity. When the three @entity0 isolates of @entity8 , each belonging to a different genogroup, are inoculated into severe combined @entity6 @entity2 , the order of severity of clinical signs and @entity9 in the liver is as follows (from greatest to least severity and highest to lowest burden): strain Wakulla, followed by strain Liberty, followed by strain Arkansas. In this article, we used microarray analysis to define transcriptional profiles characteristic of the histopathological features in the @entity2 liver. Cytokine and chemokine profiles and their receptor profiles were strikingly different among the three strains of @entity8 : gamma interferon, CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL7, CXCL9, interleukin 2 receptor gamma (IL2Rgamma), IL21R, CCR2, and CXCR6 were highly upregulated with strain Arkansas; and @entity1 @entity3 factor (TNF), CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL6, CCL12, CCL20, CXCL2, CXCL7, CXCL9, @entity11 , TNF receptor superfamily 9 (TNFRSF9), TNFRSF13beta, IL1R2, IL2Rgamma, IL20Rbeta, IL21R, CCR1, CCR2, and CXCR4 were highly upregulated with strain Wakulla. With strain Liberty, only @entity11 was highly upregulated, and @entity10 was downregulated. In livers infected with the Arkansas strain, monocytes/macrophages and NK cells were enriched in the @entity7 and an increase in NK cell marker mRNAs was detected. Livers infected with the Wakulla strain displayed infiltration of significantly more neutrophils and an increase in neutrophil marker mRNAs. Genes commonly upregulated in liver tissue infected with the three strains are other host innate immune and inflammatory response genes, including those encoding several acute-phase proteins. Genes downregulated commonly are related to host physiologic functions. The results suggest that marked modulation of host cytokine and chemokine profiles by @entity8 strains underlies the distinct host @entity5 .

title: Liver transcriptome profiles associated with strain-specific Ehrlichia chaffeensis-induced XXXX in SCID @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Infection of @entity0 with Ehrlichia chaffeensis, the etiologic agent of human monocytic ehrlichiosis, can cause @entity4 of various levels of severity. When the three @entity0 isolates of @entity8 , each belonging to a different genogroup, are inoculated into severe combined @entity6 @entity2 , the order of severity of clinical signs and @entity9 in the liver is as follows (from greatest to least severity and highest to lowest burden): strain Wakulla, followed by strain Liberty, followed by strain Arkansas. In this article, we used microarray analysis to define transcriptional profiles characteristic of the histopathological features in the @entity2 liver. Cytokine and chemokine profiles and their receptor profiles were strikingly different among the three strains of @entity8 : gamma interferon, CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL7, CXCL9, interleukin 2 receptor gamma (IL2Rgamma), IL21R, CCR2, and CXCR6 were highly upregulated with strain Arkansas; and @entity1 @entity3 factor (TNF), CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, CCL6, CCL12, CCL20, CXCL2, CXCL7, CXCL9, @entity11 , TNF receptor superfamily 9 (TNFRSF9), TNFRSF13beta, IL1R2, IL2Rgamma, IL20Rbeta, IL21R, CCR1, CCR2, and CXCR4 were highly upregulated with strain Wakulla. With strain Liberty, only @entity11 was highly upregulated, and @entity10 was downregulated. In livers infected with the Arkansas strain, monocytes/macrophages and NK cells were enriched in the @entity7 and an increase in NK cell marker mRNAs was detected. Livers infected with the Wakulla strain displayed infiltration of significantly more neutrophils and an increase in neutrophil marker mRNAs. Genes commonly upregulated in liver tissue infected with the three strains are other host innate immune and inflammatory response genes, including those encoding several acute-phase proteins. Genes downregulated commonly are related to host physiologic functions. The results suggest that marked modulation of host cytokine and chemokine profiles by @entity8 strains underlies the distinct host @entity5 .

title: Liver transcriptome profiles associated with strain-specific Ehrlichia chaffeensis-induced @entity4 in SCID XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Genomic imprinting plays an important role in @entity0 development. Loss of imprinting (LOI) through loss (LOM) or gain (GOM) of methylation is involved in many @entity0 disorders and @entity1 . The imprinted 11p15 region is crucial for the control of foetal growth and LOI at this locus is implicated in two clinically opposite disorders: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with foetal overgrowth associated with an enhanced @entity1 risk and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) with intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction. So far, only a few studies have assessed multilocus LOM in @entity0 imprinting diseases. To investigate multilocus LOI syndrome, we studied the methylation status of five maternally and two paternally methylated loci in a large series (n = 167) of @entity0 with 11p15-related @entity2 . We found that 9.5% of @entity3 and 24% of @entity5 @entity0 showed multilocus LOM at regions other than @entity9 and @entity8 11 @entity4 , respectively. Moreover, over two third of multilocus LOM @entity3 @entity0 also had LOM at a second paternally methylated locus, @entity6 / @entity7 IG-DMR. No additional clinical features due to LOM of other loci were found suggesting an (epi)dominant effect of the 11p15 LOM on the clinical phenotype for this series of @entity0 . Surprisingly, four @entity0 displayed LOM at both @entity9 and @entity8 11 @entity4 . Three of them had a @entity3 and one a @entity5 phenotype. Our results show for the first time that multilocus LOM can also concern @entity3 @entity0 . Moreover, LOM can involve both paternally and maternally methylated loci in the same @entity0 .

title: Multilocus methylation analysis in a large cohort of 11p15-related XXXX ( @entity5 ) reveals simultaneous loss of methylation at paternal and maternal imprinted loci.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Genomic imprinting plays an important role in @entity0 development. Loss of imprinting (LOI) through loss (LOM) or gain (GOM) of methylation is involved in many @entity0 disorders and @entity1 . The imprinted 11p15 region is crucial for the control of foetal growth and LOI at this locus is implicated in two clinically opposite disorders: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with foetal overgrowth associated with an enhanced @entity1 risk and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) with intrauterine and postnatal growth restriction. So far, only a few studies have assessed multilocus LOM in @entity0 imprinting diseases. To investigate multilocus LOI syndrome, we studied the methylation status of five maternally and two paternally methylated loci in a large series (n = 167) of @entity0 with 11p15-related @entity2 . We found that 9.5% of @entity3 and 24% of @entity5 @entity0 showed multilocus LOM at regions other than @entity9 and @entity8 11 @entity4 , respectively. Moreover, over two third of multilocus LOM @entity3 @entity0 also had LOM at a second paternally methylated locus, @entity6 / @entity7 IG-DMR. No additional clinical features due to LOM of other loci were found suggesting an (epi)dominant effect of the 11p15 LOM on the clinical phenotype for this series of @entity0 . Surprisingly, four @entity0 displayed LOM at both @entity9 and @entity8 11 @entity4 . Three of them had a @entity3 and one a @entity5 phenotype. Our results show for the first time that multilocus LOM can also concern @entity3 @entity0 . Moreover, LOM can involve both paternally and maternally methylated loci in the same @entity0 .

title: Multilocus methylation analysis in a large cohort of 11p15-related @entity2 ( XXXX ) reveals simultaneous loss of methylation at paternal and maternal imprinted loci.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Accurate assessment of determinants of @entity0 survival in @entity4 is important for counselling, clinical management and resource planning. To address this we have analysed survival and risk factors for survival for @entity0 treated for @entity4 in a multi-ethnic UK population. METHODS: A multicentre prospective observational cohort study was performed in four teaching hospital renal units serving a total population of four million @entity0 . A total of 884 consecutive @entity0 treated with renal replacement therapy were studied. Cox proportional hazard modelling and adjusted survival curves were used to assess the impact of a range of variables on @entity0 surviving dialysis for more than 90 days. Further analysis was undertaken to determine the likelihood of transplantation in different ethnic groups. RESULTS: Survival was 29% after a mean and median follow up of 4.6 and 4.2 years, respectively. Factors associated with worse survival included the following: age; for each decade of life the relative risk (RR) of death was 1.52 (95% confidence intervals 1.41-1.65, p < 0.0001); comorbidity, one or two comorbid conditions, RR = 1.56 (95% CI 1.24-1.95, p < 0.001) and three or more comorbid conditions, RR = 2.34 (1.68-3.27, p < 0.001). Factors associated with better survival included the following: south-Asian ethnicity, RR = 0.6 (0.46-0.80, p < 0.001); renal transplantation, RR = 0.20 (95% CI 0.11-0.59, p < 0.0001) and @entity5 as the primary @entity2 , RR = 0.70 (0.50-0.97, p = 0.04). Factors associated with likelihood of transplantion were having a functioning @entity3 /peritoneal dialysis catheter at start of dialysis ( @entity6 .91, 95% CI 1.24-2.94, p = 0.003) and @entity5 (RR 9.54, 95% CI 2.43-37.64, p = 0.001). @entity0 were less likely to receive if they were black (RR 0.10, 95% CI 0.02-0.34, p < 0.001), South Asian (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.42-0.97, p = 0.037), @entity1 (RR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01-0.23, p < 0.001) and had one or two comorbid conditions (RR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32-0.82, p = 0.06). Every decade increase in age was also associated with a lesser likelihood of transplantation (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.49-0.61, p < 0.001). Discussion. Risk stratification at commencement of chronic dialysis may predict long-term survival in different @entity0 groups. As expected ethnic minorities are less likely to receive a transplant and this should be addressed by the new waiting list prioritization. The better survival on dialysis in this population of @entity0 with south-Asian ethnicity is unexplained and this requires further investigation.

title: Survival and transplantation in XXXX : a prospective study of a multiethnic population.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Public health recommendations emphasize regular participation in moderate intensity physical activity (at least 5 days per week, 30 minutes or more per day), including domestic activities (e.g., heavy housework). The contribution of domestic activities in improving @entity2 risk remains unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed at determining the independent associations of domestic activity and other activity types with multiple @entity2 ( @entity2 ) risk factors (resting pulse rate, @entity1 , total @entity3 , high-density lipoprotein @entity3 , blood pressure, @entity4 ). METHODS: The sample comprised of 14,836 adults (ages 16 years and over) living in households in England in 2003. Interviews assessed participation in at least moderate intensity physical activity (domestic activity, walking, and sports), and nurses measured blood pressure and took blood samples. Analyses were done in 2006. RESULTS: A total of 24.2% of @entity0 and 19.8% of @entity0 met the activity recommendations, dropping to a total of 17.6% and 13.0% when domestic activity was excluded. With the exception of systolic blood pressure in @entity0 , domestic activity was not related to a favorable profile of any other @entity2 risk factors. There was a trend for lower body mass index and waist circumference and higher high-density lipoprotein @entity3 with increased participation in walking. Sports participation was related to a favorable profile for all risk factors excluding systolic blood pressure in @entity0 and @entity3 and @entity4 in @entity0 . The odds of being @entity1 (body mass index more than 30 kg/m(2)) were lower with increased participation in walking and sports. CONCLUSIONS: Despite its high prevalence, domestic physical activity was not associated with improvements in @entity2 risk factors. These results suggest that physical activity recommendations may need to focus on physical activities other than those performed in and around the household.

title: Domestic physical activity in relationship to multiple XXXX risk factors.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Disentangling the @entity1 from the @entity1 is often difficult when relying only on behavioral observation. In this study, we explored a new active evoked-related potentials paradigm as an alternative method for the detection of voluntary brain activity. METHODS: The @entity0 were 22 right-handed @entity0 (10 traumatic) diagnosed as being in a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) (n = 8) or in a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) (n = 14). They were presented sequences of names containing the @entity0 's own name or other names, in both passive and active conditions. In the active condition, the @entity0 were instructed to count her or his own name or to count another target name. RESULTS: Like controls, @entity1 @entity0 presented a larger P3 to the @entity0 's own name, in the passive and in the active conditions. Moreover, the P3 to target stimuli was higher in the active than in the passive condition, suggesting voluntary compliance to task instructions like controls. These responses were even observed in @entity0 with low behavioral responses (e.g., visual fixation and pursuit). In contrast, no P3 differences between passive and active conditions were observed for @entity1 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that active evoked-related potentials paradigms may permit detection of voluntary brain function in @entity0 with severe @entity2 who present with a @entity3 , even when the @entity0 may present with very limited to questionably any signs of awareness.

title: Voluntary brain processing in XXXX .

answer: @entity3