abstract: BACKGROUND: Because approximately 1 in 10 @entity1 with a breast lump or abnormal mammography result will have @entity0 , a series of decisions must be taken by a primary care practitioner to exclude or establish a diagnosis of @entity0 among these @entity1 . PURPOSE: To determine the most accurate and least invasive means to evaluate an abnormal mammography result and a palpable @entity3 . DATA SOURCE: MEDLINE search (January 1966 to March 2003) for articles and reviews describing the accuracy of clinical examination, biopsy procedures, and radiographic examination for @entity1 with abnormal mammography results or palpable @entity3 . STUDY SELECTION: The authors reviewed abstracts and selected articles that provided relevant primary data. Studies were included if 1) mammography, fine-needle aspiration biopsy, or core-needle biopsy was performed before a definitive diagnosis was obtained; 2) the study sample included 100 or more @entity1 ; and 3) @entity0 status was determined from histopathology review of excisional biopsy specimens, from linkage with a state @entity2 registry or the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, or from clinical follow-up of 95% or more of the study sample. DATA EXTRACTION: One investigator abstracted results. Methods were evaluated for major potential biases, but methodologic scoring was not performed. DATA SYNTHESIS: Likelihood ratios for first screening mammography were 0.1 for the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) assessment category "negative or benign finding," 1.2 for "probably benign finding," 7 for "need additional imaging evaluation," 125 for "suspicious abnormality," and 2200 for "highly suggestive of @entity2 ." For fine-needle aspiration biopsy of a palpable lump performed by formally trained physicians, the likelihood ratio was infinity for an assessment of "malignant," 2.6 for "atypical/suspicious," and 0.02 for "benign." When diagnostic mammography was used to evaluate a palpable lump or nonpalpable @entity3 were 5.6 and 9.4, and the negative likelihood ratios were 0.15 and 0.19, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 whose screening mammography results are interpreted as "suspicious abnormality" or "highly suggestive of @entity2 " have a high risk for @entity0 and should undergo core-needle biopsy or needle localization with surgical biopsy. @entity1 whose screening mammography results are interpreted as "need additional imaging evaluation" have a moderate risk for @entity0 and should undergo diagnostic mammography or ultrasonography to decide whether a nonpalpable @entity3 should be biopsied. @entity1 whose screening mammography results are interpreted as "probably benign finding" have a low risk for @entity0 and can undergo follow-up mammography in 6 months. Either fine-needle aspiration biopsy or ultrasonography is recommended as the first diagnostic test of a palpable @entity3 to distinguish simple cysts from solid masses. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy also allows characterization of a solid mass. Diagnostic mammography does not help determine whether a palpable breast mass should be biopsied and should not affect the decision to perform a biopsy.

title: Evaluation of abnormal mammography results and palpable XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The difference in the shape of sagittal spinal curvature and distribution of @entity3 in @entity0 of comparable age with @entity2 from Japan and the United States with different cultures and lifestyles was identified. Back extensor strength was significantly associated with @entity5 in Akita group, indicating the potential importance of strengthening the back extensor. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the study was to assess the association of @entity1 with back strength in elderly @entity0 in Japan and the United States. METHODS: Subjects diagnosed with @entity2 were selected to participate prospectively. In both groups, we measured the angles of @entity4 and @entity5 with plain lateral radiographs and back extensor strength. The number of @entity3 and the ratio of lumbar fractures to @entity3 are also evaluated. The level of @entity0 ' daily activities was assessed with use of comparable tests in Akita (quality-of-life score) and Minnesota (physical activity score). RESULTS: A total of 102 Japanese @entity0 residing in Akita, Japan (Akita group), and 104 white @entity0 evaluated in Rochester, MN, USA (Minnesota group), participated in this study. The angle of @entity4 and @entity5 was higher in the Minnesota group than in the Akita group. The ratio of lumbar fractures to @entity3 was higher in the Akita group than in the Minnesota group. In the Akita group, multiple regression analysis revealed that the angle of @entity5 correlated significantly with back extensor strength. CONCLUSIONS: We identified the difference in the shape of sagittal spinal curvature and distribution of @entity3 in @entity0 of comparable age with @entity2 from two geographic areas of the world with different cultures and lifestyles. Back extensor strength was significantly associated with @entity5 in Akita group, indicating the potential importance of strengthening the back extensor for improving or maintaining @entity5 .

title: Association of XXXX and back extensor strength in elderly @entity0 with @entity2 in Japan and the United States.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The difference in the shape of sagittal spinal curvature and distribution of @entity3 in @entity0 of comparable age with @entity2 from Japan and the United States with different cultures and lifestyles was identified. Back extensor strength was significantly associated with @entity5 in Akita group, indicating the potential importance of strengthening the back extensor. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the study was to assess the association of @entity1 with back strength in elderly @entity0 in Japan and the United States. METHODS: Subjects diagnosed with @entity2 were selected to participate prospectively. In both groups, we measured the angles of @entity4 and @entity5 with plain lateral radiographs and back extensor strength. The number of @entity3 and the ratio of lumbar fractures to @entity3 are also evaluated. The level of @entity0 ' daily activities was assessed with use of comparable tests in Akita (quality-of-life score) and Minnesota (physical activity score). RESULTS: A total of 102 Japanese @entity0 residing in Akita, Japan (Akita group), and 104 white @entity0 evaluated in Rochester, MN, USA (Minnesota group), participated in this study. The angle of @entity4 and @entity5 was higher in the Minnesota group than in the Akita group. The ratio of lumbar fractures to @entity3 was higher in the Akita group than in the Minnesota group. In the Akita group, multiple regression analysis revealed that the angle of @entity5 correlated significantly with back extensor strength. CONCLUSIONS: We identified the difference in the shape of sagittal spinal curvature and distribution of @entity3 in @entity0 of comparable age with @entity2 from two geographic areas of the world with different cultures and lifestyles. Back extensor strength was significantly associated with @entity5 in Akita group, indicating the potential importance of strengthening the back extensor for improving or maintaining @entity5 .

title: Association of @entity1 and back extensor strength in elderly @entity0 with XXXX in Japan and the United States.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The difference in the shape of sagittal spinal curvature and distribution of @entity3 in @entity0 of comparable age with @entity2 from Japan and the United States with different cultures and lifestyles was identified. Back extensor strength was significantly associated with @entity5 in Akita group, indicating the potential importance of strengthening the back extensor. INTRODUCTION: The purpose of the study was to assess the association of @entity1 with back strength in elderly @entity0 in Japan and the United States. METHODS: Subjects diagnosed with @entity2 were selected to participate prospectively. In both groups, we measured the angles of @entity4 and @entity5 with plain lateral radiographs and back extensor strength. The number of @entity3 and the ratio of lumbar fractures to @entity3 are also evaluated. The level of @entity0 ' daily activities was assessed with use of comparable tests in Akita (quality-of-life score) and Minnesota (physical activity score). RESULTS: A total of 102 Japanese @entity0 residing in Akita, Japan (Akita group), and 104 white @entity0 evaluated in Rochester, MN, USA (Minnesota group), participated in this study. The angle of @entity4 and @entity5 was higher in the Minnesota group than in the Akita group. The ratio of lumbar fractures to @entity3 was higher in the Akita group than in the Minnesota group. In the Akita group, multiple regression analysis revealed that the angle of @entity5 correlated significantly with back extensor strength. CONCLUSIONS: We identified the difference in the shape of sagittal spinal curvature and distribution of @entity3 in @entity0 of comparable age with @entity2 from two geographic areas of the world with different cultures and lifestyles. Back extensor strength was significantly associated with @entity5 in Akita group, indicating the potential importance of strengthening the back extensor for improving or maintaining @entity5 .

title: Association of @entity1 and back extensor strength in elderly XXXX with @entity2 in Japan and the United States.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Although osteotropic growth factors are known to play an important role in bone metabolism, knowledge about their expression in relation to age, sex and smoking remains limited. In this study we report mRNA levels of the recently discovered Lim mineralization protein splice variants ( @entity11 , @entity8 , @entity11 ) and the established osteotropic growth factors @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity6 , @entity2 , @entity7 and @entity3 in @entity0 iliac crest bone. Standardized bone biopsy specimens were obtained from the iliac crest during graft harvesting in 62 @entity0 (38 males, 24 females, mean age 44.7 years, range 13-78 years) undergoing spinal surgery. Samples were immediately stored in liquid @entity4 for PCR analysis. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed for @entity6 , @entity2 , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity3 , @entity11 , @entity8 and @entity11 using @entity1 as internal standard. Triplicate measurements were made of each growth factor and @entity1 . mRNA for all examined growth factors was detected in 69% of the specimens. The lowest degree of detection was present for @entity3 and @entity5 , both of which were found in 85% of the specimens. @entity11 was detected in 98% of the specimens. @entity8 in 94% and @entity11 in 27%, respectively. @entity11 was generally expressed in higher amounts than @entity8 and @entity11 . Nondetectable levels of the growth factors were more frequent in the >60-year-old males compared with >60-year-old females ( P < 0.05) and <60-year-old males ( P < 0.01). @entity11 expression was more variable among young individuals, but mean values were similar between age groups. @entity6 , @entity5 and @entity10 values did not differ between age groups, but generally a higher variation was found among older @entity0 . @entity2 values were significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in males over 60 years, whereas the highest level of @entity3 mRNA was present in males younger than 20 years ( P < 0.05). In addition, regression analysis revealed correlation between @entity5 and @entity10 (R2 = 0.74, P < 0.0005), @entity8 and @entity5 (R2 = 0.27, P < 0.0005) and @entity8 and @entity3 (R2 = 0.40, P < 0.0005). In conclusion, we have demonstrated expression of @entity11 and @entity8 in @entity0 bone. @entity11 was expressed in higher amounts and showed a higher degree of variation among young individuals. @entity8 was correlated to a number of other growth factors, suggesting that LMPs may also play a role in @entity0 bone metabolism. Higher variation in the expression of @entity6 , @entity5 and @entity10 was found in the older age groups, but whether or not this can be correlated to age-related changes in bone turnover requires further studies.

title: Semiquantitative mRNA measurements of osteoinductive growth factors in XXXX iliac-crest bone: expression of LMP splice variants in @entity0 bone.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Although osteotropic growth factors are known to play an important role in bone metabolism, knowledge about their expression in relation to age, sex and smoking remains limited. In this study we report mRNA levels of the recently discovered Lim mineralization protein splice variants ( @entity11 , @entity8 , @entity11 ) and the established osteotropic growth factors @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity6 , @entity2 , @entity7 and @entity3 in @entity0 iliac crest bone. Standardized bone biopsy specimens were obtained from the iliac crest during graft harvesting in 62 @entity0 (38 males, 24 females, mean age 44.7 years, range 13-78 years) undergoing spinal surgery. Samples were immediately stored in liquid @entity4 for PCR analysis. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed for @entity6 , @entity2 , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity3 , @entity11 , @entity8 and @entity11 using @entity1 as internal standard. Triplicate measurements were made of each growth factor and @entity1 . mRNA for all examined growth factors was detected in 69% of the specimens. The lowest degree of detection was present for @entity3 and @entity5 , both of which were found in 85% of the specimens. @entity11 was detected in 98% of the specimens. @entity8 in 94% and @entity11 in 27%, respectively. @entity11 was generally expressed in higher amounts than @entity8 and @entity11 . Nondetectable levels of the growth factors were more frequent in the >60-year-old males compared with >60-year-old females ( P < 0.05) and <60-year-old males ( P < 0.01). @entity11 expression was more variable among young individuals, but mean values were similar between age groups. @entity6 , @entity5 and @entity10 values did not differ between age groups, but generally a higher variation was found among older @entity0 . @entity2 values were significantly higher ( P < 0.05) in males over 60 years, whereas the highest level of @entity3 mRNA was present in males younger than 20 years ( P < 0.05). In addition, regression analysis revealed correlation between @entity5 and @entity10 (R2 = 0.74, P < 0.0005), @entity8 and @entity5 (R2 = 0.27, P < 0.0005) and @entity8 and @entity3 (R2 = 0.40, P < 0.0005). In conclusion, we have demonstrated expression of @entity11 and @entity8 in @entity0 bone. @entity11 was expressed in higher amounts and showed a higher degree of variation among young individuals. @entity8 was correlated to a number of other growth factors, suggesting that LMPs may also play a role in @entity0 bone metabolism. Higher variation in the expression of @entity6 , @entity5 and @entity10 was found in the older age groups, but whether or not this can be correlated to age-related changes in bone turnover requires further studies.

title: Semiquantitative mRNA measurements of osteoinductive growth factors in @entity0 iliac-crest bone: expression of LMP splice variants in XXXX bone.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare total @entity6 concentrations ([Cho]) and water-to-fat (W/F) ratios of subtypes of @entity2 , benign lesions, and normal breast parenchyma and determine their usefulness in @entity0 . Reference standard was histology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this HIPPA compliant study, proton MRS was performed on 93 @entity1 with suspicious lesions (>1 cm) who underwent MRI-guided interventional procedures, and on 27 prospectively accrued @entity1 enrolled for screening MRI. (W/F) and [Cho] values were calculated using MRS data. RESULTS: Among 88 MRS-evaluable histologically-confirmed lesions, 40 @entity4 ( @entity4 ); 10 @entity5 ( @entity5 ); 4 @entity7 ( @entity7 ); 3 invasive @entity3 (IMC); 31 benign. No significant difference observed in (W/F) between benign lesions and normal breast tissue. The area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for discriminating the malignant group from the benign group were 0.97, 0.72, and 0.99 using [Cho], (W/F) and their combination as biomarkers, respectively. (W/F) performs significantly (P < 0.0001;AUC = 0.96) better than [Cho] (AUC = 0.52) in differentiating @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Although [Cho] and (W/F) are good biomarkers for differentiating @entity2 , [Cho] is a better marker. Combining both can further improve diagnostic accuracy. @entity5 have similar [Cho] levels but are discriminated using (W/F) values.

title: Diagnostic usefulness of water-to-fat ratio and XXXX concentration in malignant and benign breast lesions and normal breast parenchyma: an in vivo (1) H MRS study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 has an incidence of 3-8 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year. @entity3 is the most common cause. It is, however, not an independent risk factor but rather a co-factor. Smoking and genetic predisposition are increasingly regarded as causative factors. The diagnosis is today based mainly on history and findings at imaging tests. @entity2 treatment starts with NSAID-medication with or without @entity5 . Oral pancreatic enzyme therapy for @entity2 should be tested early in the course. Endoscopic stent insertion into the main pancreatic duct can be used in selected cases. Operation is not recommended until other less invasive methods have been tested but should ideally be performed before addiction to opiates occurs. Oral enzyme supplementation is effective in the majority of cases with @entity7 . Most @entity0 with chronic @entity4 and @entity1 need insulin treatment. Interdisciplinary specialist treatment teams should be established and take responsibility for diagnosis, assessment and interventional procedures (e.g. endoscopy, surgery). Due to the low incidence of the disease 3-4 such teams/centres seem appropriate in our country to allow a critical @entity0 load.

title: [Guidelines for management of @entity0 with chronic XXXX . Report from a consensus conference].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity6 has an incidence of 3-8 new cases per 100,000 inhabitants and year. @entity3 is the most common cause. It is, however, not an independent risk factor but rather a co-factor. Smoking and genetic predisposition are increasingly regarded as causative factors. The diagnosis is today based mainly on history and findings at imaging tests. @entity2 treatment starts with NSAID-medication with or without @entity5 . Oral pancreatic enzyme therapy for @entity2 should be tested early in the course. Endoscopic stent insertion into the main pancreatic duct can be used in selected cases. Operation is not recommended until other less invasive methods have been tested but should ideally be performed before addiction to opiates occurs. Oral enzyme supplementation is effective in the majority of cases with @entity7 . Most @entity0 with chronic @entity4 and @entity1 need insulin treatment. Interdisciplinary specialist treatment teams should be established and take responsibility for diagnosis, assessment and interventional procedures (e.g. endoscopy, surgery). Due to the low incidence of the disease 3-4 such teams/centres seem appropriate in our country to allow a critical @entity0 load.

title: [Guidelines for management of XXXX with chronic @entity4 . Report from a consensus conference].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine prospectively the natural course of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 not-otherwise-specified (EDNOS) and test for the effects of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) on relapse after remission from these @entity2 . METHOD: 117 female @entity0 with @entity3 (N = 35) or EDNOS (N = 82) were prospectively followed for 72 months using structured interviews performed at baseline, 6- and 12-months, and then yearly thereafter. @entity5 were assessed with the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV, and monitored over time with the longitudinal interval follow-up evaluation. @entity4 were assessed with the diagnostic interview for DSM-IV-personality-disorders, and monitored over time with the follow-along-version. The occurrence and specific timing of @entity6 were assessed with the life events assessment interview. Cox proportional-hazard-regression-analyses tested associations between time-varying levels of @entity6 and @entity5 relapse, controlling for comorbid @entity1 , @entity5 duration, and time-varying @entity4 status. RESULTS: @entity5 relapse probability was 43%; @entity3 and EDNOS did not differ in time to relapse. Negative @entity6 significantly predicted @entity5 relapse; elevated work and social stressors were significant predictors. Psychiatric comorbidity, @entity5 duration, and time-varying @entity4 status were not significant predictors. DISCUSSION: Higher work and social stress represent significant warning signs for triggering relapse for @entity0 with remitted @entity3 and EDNOS.

title: Stressful life events predict XXXX relapse following remission: six-year prospective outcomes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To identify whether @entity0 having emergency delivery are at increased risk of developing @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: This is a retrospective comparative cohort study design. Two hundred and fifty Malaysian @entity0 were part of a previous study examining the prevalence of @entity1 in a multiracial country and the effects of postnatal rituals. All @entity0 were at least 6 weeks post-partum when asked to complete the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Sociodemographic and birth data were obtained. RESULTS: Data collected were divided into two groups: 55 emergency delivery and 191 @entity2 . There were four missing data. There was no significant difference in the mean age, parity, gestational period, baby birthweight, 5 min baby Apgar score and EPDS scores of the two groups. However, the analysis of @entity1 indicated that @entity0 with emergency delivery had a relative risk of 1.81 compared with @entity0 with @entity2 . The comparison of the two groups using chi2 indicated a significant (chi2 = 3.94, d.f. = 1, P = 0.04) increase in the presence of @entity1 in the emergency delivery. CONCLUSION: When compared with @entity0 having @entity2 , @entity0 having emergency delivery had about twice the risk of developing @entity1 . Special attention to this group appears warranted.

title: Risk of XXXX after emergency delivery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: At the beginning of the XXIst century the Internet became one of the most important sources of information. Medicine and health are the main topics of discussion on numerous forums and portals. Authors of the following article took the trouble to investigate Polish forums concerning Lyme disease. A typical Googlesearch of the Polish Internet reveals 77 forums with boreliosis threads. The largest (ca. 700 threads) and mostly quoted (26/77, which states for 34% all forums contained references to it) of all the forums is entitled 'borelioza' and it is hosted by Gazeta.pl (http:// forum.gazeta.pl/forum/71,1.html?f = 26140). It was founded and it is still run by the Boreliosis @entity0 Association. The Association disseminates ideas of ILADS, which presents boreliosis as a chronic, serious disease and also supports diagnostic and treating recommendations, contradictory to the standards of renowned medical authorities. @entity0 searching the Internet for the information on boreliosis are very likely to come across the webpages referring to the forum of the Association. As a result they might encounter faulty recommendations of ILADS. Members of the Association induce one another with hypochondriac fantasies of a disease, sometimes exceeding the limits of a delusion. The Association promotes faulty convictions about the internal "enemy"--boreliosis, incompetent and unfeeling doctors protecting it, and propose to unite in common defence. Such actions are a perfect encouragement for all somatization prone @entity0 to undertake activities destructive to their health. It also leads to irrational social behaviour, which can be described as an induced hypochondria. CONCLUSION: The Internet has become a source of many unreliable information on boreliosis, which may potentially impose a serious threat to @entity0 ' health. While counselling the @entity0 who affiliate their chronic symptoms with boreliosis, do not forget the possibility of induced @entity1 , hypochondria, or a propagated distrust to the doctors and pay more attention to the @entity0 .

title: [Growing boreliosis XXXX and its reasons].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Basal fractures of the middle phalanx are uncommon, but difficult to treat. We have reviewed our first 20 @entity0 using the @entity4 pins and rubber traction who were treated during an 8.5 year period (June 1998-December 2006) and 18 who were reviewed after 49 (range 17-116) months. All @entity1 were closed fractures of the base of the middle phalanx. Ten @entity0 had a @entity3 and dorsal subluxation of the phalanx, one had a @entity3 of the dorsal lip, and seven had @entity5 . Median operating time was 33 (18-255) minutes. Thick "vessel loops" were often used for traction, and active movement before the traction was removed after 38 (8-46) days was disappointing. There were two superficial infections and one deep. One proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint had been treated by arthrodesis and another amputated before review. On a visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 (best) to 10 (worst), @entity0 at review reported discomfort when wearing the traction as 5.5 (0-10), @entity2 as 0 (0-6), and finger function as 3 (0-6). The median Quick-DASH score (100 = worst) was 2 (0-48) and grip strength 97 (75-118) % of the other hand. Median extension, flexion, and total range of movement of the PIP joint in 16 fingers were -9  , 83  , and 72  , respectively. Our results are no more than adequate. They might have been better if the force of traction had been less by using rubber bands instead of vessel loops, if postoperative follow-up had been more frequent allowing for correction of traction when necessary, and if traction had been discontinued earlier.

title: XXXX 's pins and rubber traction for fractures of the base of the middle phalanx.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hibernation is an adaptive strategy to survive in highly seasonal or unpredictable environments. The molecular and genetic basis of hibernation physiology in mammals has only recently been studied using large scale genomic approaches. We analyzed gene expression in the @entity7 , @entity7 , using a custom 12,800 cDNA probe microarray to detect differences in expression that occur in heart and liver during winter hibernation in comparison to summer active animals. RESULTS: We identified 245 genes in heart and 319 genes in liver that were differentially expressed between winter and summer. The expression of 24 genes was significantly elevated during hibernation in both heart and liver. These genes are mostly involved in lipid catabolism and protein biosynthesis and include RNA binding protein motif 3 (Rbm3), which enhances protein synthesis at mildly hypothermic temperatures. Elevated expression of protein biosynthesis genes suggests induction of translation that may be related to adaptive mechanisms reducing cardiac and @entity6 over extended periods of low metabolism and immobility during hibernation in bears. Coordinated reduction of transcription of genes involved in @entity2 catabolism suggests redirection of @entity4 from catabolic pathways to protein biosynthesis. We identify common for black bears and small @entity0 hibernators transcriptional changes in the liver that include induction of genes responsible for @entity3 b oxidation and @entity5 synthesis and @entity1 of genes involved in lipid biosynthesis, @entity5 catabolism, cellular respiration and detoxification pathways. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings show that modulation of gene expression during winter hibernation represents molecular mechanism of adaptation to extreme environments.

title: Modulation of gene expression in heart and liver of hibernating black bears ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: It is unclear whether mortality from @entity2 is changing: any differences observed might result from changes in age or comorbidity of @entity0 populations. We estimated trends in 28-day mortality in England following hospital admission for @entity2 . METHODS: We used a case-control study design to analyze data from all adults administered to a National Health Service hospital, for @entity2 , from 1999 to 2007 (n=516,153). Cases were @entity1 within 28 days of admission (n=74,992), and controls were survivors to 28 days. The 28-day mortality was derived from the linked national @entity1 register. A logistic regression model was used to adjust trends in nonvariceal and @entity3 mortality for age, sex, and comorbidities and to investigate potential interactions. RESULTS: During the study period, the unadjusted, overall, 28-day mortality following nonvariceal @entity3 was reduced from 14.7% to 13.1% (unadjusted odds ratio, 0.87; 95% confidence interval: 0.84-0.90). The mortality following @entity3 was reduced from 24.6% to 20.9% (unadjusted odds ratio, 0.8; 95% confidence interval: 0.69-0.95). Adjustments for age and comorbidity partly accounted for the observed trends in mortality. Different mortality trends were identified for different age groups following nonvariceal @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The 28-day mortality in England following both nonvariceal and variceal @entity2 decreased from 1999 to 2007, and the reduction had been partly obscured by changes in @entity0 age and comorbidities. Our findings indicate that the overall management of @entity3 has improved within the first 4 weeks of admission.

title: Reductions in 28-day mortality following hospital admission for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The development of the different muscles within the somite is a complex process that involves the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. To specify the proper number of muscle cells and organize them spatially and temporally, the Hh signaling pathway needs to be precisely regulated at different levels, but only a few factors external to the pathway have been described. Here, we report for the first time the role of the STAR family RNA-binding protein @entity2 A (QkA) in somite muscle development. We show in @entity0 that the loss of QkA function affects fast muscle fiber maturation as well as Hh-induced muscle derivative specification and/or morphogenesis. Mosaic analysis reveals that fast fiber maturation depends on the activity of QkA in the environment of fast fiber progenitors. We further show that Hh signaling requires QkA activity for muscle development. By an in silico approach, we screened the 3'UTRs of known Hh signaling component mRNAs for the @entity2 response element and found the transcription factor @entity1 , a known regulator of muscle fate development. Using destabilized GFP as a reporter, we show that the @entity1 mRNA 3'UTR is a functional QkA target. Consistent with this notion, the loss of QkA function rescued slow muscle fibers in yot mutant embryos, which express a dominant-negative @entity1 isoform. Thus, our results reveal a new mechanism to ensure muscle cell fate diversity by fine-tuning of the Hh signaling pathway via RNA-binding proteins.

title: Fine-tuning of Hh signaling by the RNA-binding protein XXXX to control muscle development.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many travelers from Qu  bec visit tourist destinations, thereby becoming at risk of @entity1 . Within a study of predictors of utilization of travel health consultation by travelers, knowledge about transmission and perception of risk and severity of some @entity1 was measured. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during winter 1999 on travelers 16 years of age and over going to Mexico and the Dominican Republic. A 34-item self-administered bilingual questionnaire was distributed to travelers during seven flights departing from Montr  al Airport. RESULTS: The questionnaires were completed by 1,724 passengers (response rate: 75%). The majority (81%) of the 1,416 travelers from the province of Qu  bec considered themselves at greater risk of @entity2 abroad. Risk perception was less important for @entity0 and B (44% and 41%, respectively). Most travelers considered @entity2 as slightly or not severe, and @entity0 as severe illnesses. A majority had adequate knowledge about transmission of @entity2 but knowledge concerning @entity0 was less accurate. In the multivariate analysis, the most important associations were noted between perception of risk of @entity2 and knowledge about transmission of @entity2 (odds ratio [OR] 3.2); and between perception of risk of @entity0 and perception of severity of @entity0 ( @entity0 : OR 3.9; @entity3 : OR 5.9). Consultation in a travel clinic before departure was associated with perception of higher risk of @entity0 and of @entity1 in general (OR 2.1). CONCLUSION: Despite its limitations, this study indicates that travelers from Qu  bec, going to sun destinations, seem to underestimate their risk of @entity0 related to travel. Knowledge about transmission of @entity0 seems poor. Education of travelers about risks and modes of transmission of @entity1 should be reinforced. Travel health consultation before departure or for a previous trip appeared to be associated with higher risk perception.

title: Perception and knowledge about some XXXX among travelers from Qu  bec, Canada.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The prevalence of @entity1 in renal transplant @entity0 is greater than in the general population. It is influenced by demographic and ethnic characteristics. We performed a retrospective study of 793 @entity0 who received 872 kidney transplants at our center during 23 years. The age at transplantation was 41.4+/-14.0 years, the follow up 75.4+/-69.4 months. The cohorts include 203 @entity0 treated with @entity7 - @entity5 ; 510, @entity4 -based therapy; and 159, @entity8 -based therapy. There were 95 @entity0 (10.9%) who developed at least one @entity1 with 9 having more than one type of @entity1 . The incidence was of 17.3 cases per 1000 @entity0 -years. Forty-four (46.3%) had @entity9 , 8 (8.4%) @entity11 and 43 (45.3%) a @entity9 . Seven of eight @entity0 with @entity11 were on @entity12 therapy. The risk of developing a @entity1 at 5, 10, and 15 years was 8%, 17%, and 30% respectively. In a multivariate analysis, the risk factors associated with @entity1 were older age (OR=1.061; 95% CI 1.039-1.084; P=.000), male sex (OR=2.658; 95% CI 1.536-4.599; P=.000), length of follow-up (OR=1.121; 95% CI 1.073-1.172; P =.000), and immunosuppression with @entity12 (OR=4.448; 95% CI 1.334-14.764; P=.015). @entity1 was the cause of @entity3 in 26 @entity0 , the fourth most common cause after @entity2 , @entity6 , and @entity10 . We conclude that @entity1 are an important cause of morbidity and mortality among transplant @entity0 . Special attention must be devoted to older male @entity0 with a long-term follow up to develop preventive and surveillance strategies.

title: Influence of immunosuppression on the prevalence of XXXX after kidney transplantation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the natural history and to estimate the risk of @entity3 less than 10 cm in diameter followed conservatively by transvaginal ultrasound. METHODS: From 1987 to 2002, 15,106 asymptomatic @entity0 at least 50 years old entered the University of Kentucky's @entity3 Screening Program and underwent initial transvaginal ultrasonography. If the screen revealed nothing abnormal, @entity0 were asked to repeat transvaginal ultrasonography yearly. If the screen revealed abnormalities, transvaginal ultrasonography was repeated in 4 to 6 weeks, along with Doppler flow ultrasonography and CA 125 testing. RESULTS: Of the 15,106 @entity0 at least 50 years old, 2763 @entity0 (18%) were diagnosed with 3259 unilocular @entity2 . A total of 2261 (69.4%) of these cysts resolved spontaneously, 537 (16.5%) developed a septum, 189 (5.8%) developed a solid area, and 220 (6.8%) persisted as a unilocular lesion. During this time, 27 @entity0 received a diagnosis of @entity3 , and ten had been previously diagnosed with simple @entity2 . All ten of these @entity0 , however, developed another @entity4 , experienced resolution of the cyst before developing @entity1 , or developed @entity1 in the contralateral ovary. No @entity0 with an isolated @entity3 has developed @entity3 in this population. CONCLUSION: The risk of @entity3 less than 10 cm in diameter in @entity0 50 years old or older is extremely low. The majority will resolve spontaneously and can be followed conservatively with serial transvaginal ultrasonography.

title: Risk of XXXX less than 10 centimeters in diameter.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To estimate the impact of parametrial lymphovascular and perineural involvement on nodal @entity1 and failure pattern of @entity0 with early-stage, surgically treated @entity2 . METHODS: Clinical records and pathologic slides of 93 @entity0 with @entity2 (2 IA2, 52 IB1, 31 IB2, and 8 IIA) treated with radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy with or without paraaortic lymphadenectomy were reviewed. The study group comprised 80 @entity0 with @entity5 and 13 @entity0 with @entity4 . Median follow-up time was 33 months. The association among the various histopathologic predictors of outcome was determined with chi2 analysis. The influence of the predictors on outcome was examined with log rank survival methods and the Cox regression model. RESULTS: The presence of parametrial lymphovascular space invasion is a predictor of disease in the pelvic (P<.001) and paraaortic (P<.05) lymphatics independently. Large @entity2 size (greater than 4 cm), parametrial perineural invasion, cervical lymphovascular space invasion, and @entity2 depth (greater than two thirds) were found to be simultaneous predictors of recurrence on multivariate analysis (P<.05). Using these four binary predictor variables, we have computed a model-based relative risk. Based on this model, the presence of perineural invasion in the parametria more than doubles the risk of recurrence in the cohort of @entity0 with large (greater than 4 cm) @entity2 (P<.05). In a subset analysis of @entity0 with negative @entity3 , parametrial perineural invasion and @entity2 size were independent predictors of poor outcome (P<.05). CONCLUSION: Presence of parametrial lymphovascular space invasion correlates significantly with the risk of nodal @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 . Parametrial perineural invasion is an independent poor prognostic factor. Histopathologic findings within the parametria are a valuable independent predictor of recurrence and thus may influence the selection of @entity0 for adjuvant treatment.

title: Lymphovascular and perineural invasion in the parametria: a prognostic factor for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a specific and efficient tool to silence gene expression in a variety of organisms and cell lines. An important prospect for RNAi technology is its possible application in the treatment of diseases using short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). However, the effect of siRNAs in adult animals and their potential to treat or prevent diseases are yet to be fully investigated. The main goal of the present study is to find out whether it was possible to carry out RNAi on circulating @entity1 parasite in vivo. To trigger RNAi in @entity0 @entity1 parasite, we used siRNAs corresponding to @entity2 protease genes of @entity3 (berghepain-1 _ 2). Intravenous injections of berghepains' siRNAs in infected animal resulted in characteristic enlargement of food vacuole in circulating @entity5 . Protein analysis of these treated @entity5 showed substantial accumulation of hemoglobin, which is reminiscent of the effect observed upon treating @entity4 with different @entity2 protease inhibitors. Parasites treated with berghepain 1 _ 2 siRNAs showed marked reduction in the levels of their cognate mRNAs, thereby suggesting specific @entity6 ' gene expression in vivo. We also observed the generation of approximately 25 nt RNA species from berghepains' mRNAs in the treated @entity5 , which is a characteristic of an RNAi phenomenon. These results thus provide evidence that beyond its value for validation of gene functions, RNAi may provide a new approach for disease therapy.

title: In vivo gene silencing in @entity3 --a @entity0 XXXX model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a specific and efficient tool to silence gene expression in a variety of organisms and cell lines. An important prospect for RNAi technology is its possible application in the treatment of diseases using short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). However, the effect of siRNAs in adult animals and their potential to treat or prevent diseases are yet to be fully investigated. The main goal of the present study is to find out whether it was possible to carry out RNAi on circulating @entity1 parasite in vivo. To trigger RNAi in @entity0 @entity1 parasite, we used siRNAs corresponding to @entity2 protease genes of @entity3 (berghepain-1 _ 2). Intravenous injections of berghepains' siRNAs in infected animal resulted in characteristic enlargement of food vacuole in circulating @entity5 . Protein analysis of these treated @entity5 showed substantial accumulation of hemoglobin, which is reminiscent of the effect observed upon treating @entity4 with different @entity2 protease inhibitors. Parasites treated with berghepain 1 _ 2 siRNAs showed marked reduction in the levels of their cognate mRNAs, thereby suggesting specific @entity6 ' gene expression in vivo. We also observed the generation of approximately 25 nt RNA species from berghepains' mRNAs in the treated @entity5 , which is a characteristic of an RNAi phenomenon. These results thus provide evidence that beyond its value for validation of gene functions, RNAi may provide a new approach for disease therapy.

title: In vivo gene silencing in XXXX --a @entity0 @entity1 model.

answer: @entity3


abstract: RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a specific and efficient tool to silence gene expression in a variety of organisms and cell lines. An important prospect for RNAi technology is its possible application in the treatment of diseases using short interfering RNAs (siRNAs). However, the effect of siRNAs in adult animals and their potential to treat or prevent diseases are yet to be fully investigated. The main goal of the present study is to find out whether it was possible to carry out RNAi on circulating @entity1 parasite in vivo. To trigger RNAi in @entity0 @entity1 parasite, we used siRNAs corresponding to @entity2 protease genes of @entity3 (berghepain-1 _ 2). Intravenous injections of berghepains' siRNAs in infected animal resulted in characteristic enlargement of food vacuole in circulating @entity5 . Protein analysis of these treated @entity5 showed substantial accumulation of hemoglobin, which is reminiscent of the effect observed upon treating @entity4 with different @entity2 protease inhibitors. Parasites treated with berghepain 1 _ 2 siRNAs showed marked reduction in the levels of their cognate mRNAs, thereby suggesting specific @entity6 ' gene expression in vivo. We also observed the generation of approximately 25 nt RNA species from berghepains' mRNAs in the treated @entity5 , which is a characteristic of an RNAi phenomenon. These results thus provide evidence that beyond its value for validation of gene functions, RNAi may provide a new approach for disease therapy.

title: In vivo gene silencing in @entity3 --a XXXX @entity1 model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effects of prolonged starvation on reticuloendothelial system (RE) function and on the survival of animals following @entity1 were studied. @entity0 were fasted for 51/2 days (water ad lib) after which a two-cm midline incision was made and the cecum ligated (CL). Food and water were allowed 36 h after CL and survival was measured over 5 days. The mortality rate in these animals was 60% (15/25) compared to 0% (0/15) in CL @entity0 fasted for 24 h. Starvation alone for 7 days did not produce any @entity2 but after 11 days of starvation mortality was 100%. Another group of animals were fasted for 51/2 days and were used to study RE function 10 h following CL. There was no significant difference in the intravascular clearance rates in injected lipid emulsion in various groups of animals, indicating that total phagocytic function was not changed by prolonged starvation plus CL (SCL). However, emulsion retention in the spleen, expressed as per cent injected dose per gm tissue, decreased by 53% and the lung retention increased by 988% following SLC. Serum GOT levels were not affected by prolonged starvation alone; however, SCL resulted in its elevation (37 vs. 82 IU/ml). Hepatic @entity3 levels (micromoles/g) decreased from 2.47 to 1.95 following 51/2 days starvation and following SCL, it decreased to 1.75. These results indicate that the increased metabolic demand following @entity1 (i.e., CL), coupled with prolonged starvation, altered RE function with splenic lipid emulsion uptake decreasing and pulmonary uptake increasing. The relationship of these findings to immune function remains to be determined. Although the precise cause of increased mortality is not known, altered metabolic and RE function may play a role.

title: Effect of prolonged starvation on reticuloendothelial function and survival following XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 (deep @entity2 ) are clonal connective tissue @entity1 that do not metastasize, but have a significant risk of local recurrence, and are associated with morbidity and occasionally mortality. Responses of desmoid @entity0 to @entity7 on an expanded access program led us to review our experience. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, we reviewed data for 26 @entity0 with @entity6 treated with @entity7 . @entity7 was administered at 400 mg oral daily and adjusted for @entity4 . RESULTS: @entity7 was the first-line therapy in 11/26 @entity0 and the remaining 15/26 had received a median of 2 prior lines of therapy. Twenty-three of 26 @entity0 had shown evidence of progressive disease by imaging, whereas 3 @entity0 had achieved maximum benefit or @entity4 with chemotherapy. Sixteen of 22 (   70%) @entity0 reported significant improvement of symptoms. At a median of 6 months (2-29) of treatment, the best response evaluation criteria in @entity1 (RECIST) 1.1 response included 6/24 (25%) @entity0 with partial response (PR), 17/24 (70%) with stable disease, and 1 with progression and @entity5 . Twelve of 13 (92%) @entity0 evaluated by MRI had > 30% decrease in T2 signal intensity, an indirect metric for increased @entity3 and loss of cellularity. Eighty percent of @entity0 with radiological benefit had extra-abdominal desmoids. DISCUSSION: @entity7 is active against @entity6 . A prospective, randomized clinical trial of @entity7 against other active agents is warranted. Loss of MRI T2 signal may be a useful surrogate for defining responses, but requires validation by examination of @entity1 pathology.

title: Activity of @entity7 against @entity6 /deep XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 (deep @entity2 ) are clonal connective tissue @entity1 that do not metastasize, but have a significant risk of local recurrence, and are associated with morbidity and occasionally mortality. Responses of desmoid @entity0 to @entity7 on an expanded access program led us to review our experience. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, we reviewed data for 26 @entity0 with @entity6 treated with @entity7 . @entity7 was administered at 400 mg oral daily and adjusted for @entity4 . RESULTS: @entity7 was the first-line therapy in 11/26 @entity0 and the remaining 15/26 had received a median of 2 prior lines of therapy. Twenty-three of 26 @entity0 had shown evidence of progressive disease by imaging, whereas 3 @entity0 had achieved maximum benefit or @entity4 with chemotherapy. Sixteen of 22 (   70%) @entity0 reported significant improvement of symptoms. At a median of 6 months (2-29) of treatment, the best response evaluation criteria in @entity1 (RECIST) 1.1 response included 6/24 (25%) @entity0 with partial response (PR), 17/24 (70%) with stable disease, and 1 with progression and @entity5 . Twelve of 13 (92%) @entity0 evaluated by MRI had > 30% decrease in T2 signal intensity, an indirect metric for increased @entity3 and loss of cellularity. Eighty percent of @entity0 with radiological benefit had extra-abdominal desmoids. DISCUSSION: @entity7 is active against @entity6 . A prospective, randomized clinical trial of @entity7 against other active agents is warranted. Loss of MRI T2 signal may be a useful surrogate for defining responses, but requires validation by examination of @entity1 pathology.

title: Activity of XXXX against @entity6 /deep @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 (deep @entity2 ) are clonal connective tissue @entity1 that do not metastasize, but have a significant risk of local recurrence, and are associated with morbidity and occasionally mortality. Responses of desmoid @entity0 to @entity7 on an expanded access program led us to review our experience. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, we reviewed data for 26 @entity0 with @entity6 treated with @entity7 . @entity7 was administered at 400 mg oral daily and adjusted for @entity4 . RESULTS: @entity7 was the first-line therapy in 11/26 @entity0 and the remaining 15/26 had received a median of 2 prior lines of therapy. Twenty-three of 26 @entity0 had shown evidence of progressive disease by imaging, whereas 3 @entity0 had achieved maximum benefit or @entity4 with chemotherapy. Sixteen of 22 (   70%) @entity0 reported significant improvement of symptoms. At a median of 6 months (2-29) of treatment, the best response evaluation criteria in @entity1 (RECIST) 1.1 response included 6/24 (25%) @entity0 with partial response (PR), 17/24 (70%) with stable disease, and 1 with progression and @entity5 . Twelve of 13 (92%) @entity0 evaluated by MRI had > 30% decrease in T2 signal intensity, an indirect metric for increased @entity3 and loss of cellularity. Eighty percent of @entity0 with radiological benefit had extra-abdominal desmoids. DISCUSSION: @entity7 is active against @entity6 . A prospective, randomized clinical trial of @entity7 against other active agents is warranted. Loss of MRI T2 signal may be a useful surrogate for defining responses, but requires validation by examination of @entity1 pathology.

title: Activity of @entity7 against XXXX /deep @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECT: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly @entity5 / @entity5 , promote early @entity1 and barrier disruption after @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Early blockade of MMPs after injury provides neuroprotection and improves motor outcome. There is recent evidence, however, that @entity5 and @entity7 / @entity7 participate in later wound healing in the injured cord. The authors therefore examined the activity of these gelatinases during revascularization and @entity2 in the contused @entity0 spinal cord. METHODS: Gelatinase activity was evaluated using gelatin zymography 24 hours after a mild, moderate, or severe @entity3 . The active form of @entity7 was not detected, whereas @entity5 activity was evident in all @entity6 groups and rose with increasing injury severity. The temporal expression of gelatinases was then examined using gelatin zymography after a moderate @entity6 . The active form of @entity5 was most prominent at 1 day, extended through the early period of revascularization, and returned to control by 14 days. The active form of @entity7 appeared at 7 days postinjury and remained elevated compared with that documented in sham-treated @entity0 for at least 21 days. Increased @entity7 activity coincided with both revascularization and @entity2 . Using in situ zymography, gelatinolytic activity was detected in the meninges, vascular elements, glia, and macrophage-like cells in the injured cord. Results of immunolabeling confirmed the presence of gelatinase in vessels during revascularization and in reactive astrocytes associated with @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that although @entity8 exhibit overlapping expression during revascularization, the former is associated with @entity4 responses and the latter with formation of a @entity2 .

title: Differential temporal expression of matrix metalloproteinases after XXXX : relationship to revascularization and wound healing.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The study was designed to evaluate the influence of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) therapy on salivary gland function and the growth of salivary @entity5 , Lactobacillus and @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 who had undergone radiation therapy. Sixteen @entity0 were included, with radiation doses from 58 to 70 Gy. The first examination was performed at baseline before the first HBO therapy (33.7    9 months after radiation therapy), and the second after 20 daily HBO therapies in a hyperbaric chamber at 2.5 ATA (absolute atmospheres), where @entity0 breathed 100% @entity1 for 90 min each day. Measurements of salivary flow, buffer capacity, saliva pH and colony density of @entity5 , Lactobacillus and @entity4 in stimulated saliva were conducted, and @entity3 grade was assessed. Salivary flow increased from 0.20    0.1 to 0.39    0.2 ml/min at the end of HBO therapy (p < 0.001). Salivary pH also increased from 6.0    0.2 to 6.5    0.1 (p < 0.05). The colony density decreased from the time at baseline to the end of HBO therapy for @entity5 (p < 0.001), Lactobacillus (p < 0.05) and the fungus @entity4 (p < 0.05). The @entity3 grade decreased from 2.63    0.2 to 1.94    0.2 after HBO (p < 0.001). There was no significant change in buffer capacity. The increased salivary secretion rate and salivary pH, and decreased @entity5 and Lactobacillus colony density that were observed after HBO therapy may reduce caries progression in those @entity0 .

title: The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on postradiation XXXX and saliva in @entity0 with @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The study was designed to evaluate the influence of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) therapy on salivary gland function and the growth of salivary @entity5 , Lactobacillus and @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 who had undergone radiation therapy. Sixteen @entity0 were included, with radiation doses from 58 to 70 Gy. The first examination was performed at baseline before the first HBO therapy (33.7    9 months after radiation therapy), and the second after 20 daily HBO therapies in a hyperbaric chamber at 2.5 ATA (absolute atmospheres), where @entity0 breathed 100% @entity1 for 90 min each day. Measurements of salivary flow, buffer capacity, saliva pH and colony density of @entity5 , Lactobacillus and @entity4 in stimulated saliva were conducted, and @entity3 grade was assessed. Salivary flow increased from 0.20    0.1 to 0.39    0.2 ml/min at the end of HBO therapy (p < 0.001). Salivary pH also increased from 6.0    0.2 to 6.5    0.1 (p < 0.05). The colony density decreased from the time at baseline to the end of HBO therapy for @entity5 (p < 0.001), Lactobacillus (p < 0.05) and the fungus @entity4 (p < 0.05). The @entity3 grade decreased from 2.63    0.2 to 1.94    0.2 after HBO (p < 0.001). There was no significant change in buffer capacity. The increased salivary secretion rate and salivary pH, and decreased @entity5 and Lactobacillus colony density that were observed after HBO therapy may reduce caries progression in those @entity0 .

title: The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on postradiation @entity3 and saliva in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The study was designed to evaluate the influence of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) therapy on salivary gland function and the growth of salivary @entity5 , Lactobacillus and @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 who had undergone radiation therapy. Sixteen @entity0 were included, with radiation doses from 58 to 70 Gy. The first examination was performed at baseline before the first HBO therapy (33.7    9 months after radiation therapy), and the second after 20 daily HBO therapies in a hyperbaric chamber at 2.5 ATA (absolute atmospheres), where @entity0 breathed 100% @entity1 for 90 min each day. Measurements of salivary flow, buffer capacity, saliva pH and colony density of @entity5 , Lactobacillus and @entity4 in stimulated saliva were conducted, and @entity3 grade was assessed. Salivary flow increased from 0.20    0.1 to 0.39    0.2 ml/min at the end of HBO therapy (p < 0.001). Salivary pH also increased from 6.0    0.2 to 6.5    0.1 (p < 0.05). The colony density decreased from the time at baseline to the end of HBO therapy for @entity5 (p < 0.001), Lactobacillus (p < 0.05) and the fungus @entity4 (p < 0.05). The @entity3 grade decreased from 2.63    0.2 to 1.94    0.2 after HBO (p < 0.001). There was no significant change in buffer capacity. The increased salivary secretion rate and salivary pH, and decreased @entity5 and Lactobacillus colony density that were observed after HBO therapy may reduce caries progression in those @entity0 .

title: The effect of hyperbaric oxygenation on postradiation @entity3 and saliva in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Although apoptosis contributes to myocardial cell @entity3 in the @entity1 -reperfused heart, the molecular basis of apoptosis is poorly understood. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has been characterized as a caspase-independent @entity3 effector. Upon the induction of apoptosis, mitochondrial @entity2 is released to the cytoplasm and then enters the nucleus, in which it induces chromatin condensation and 50 kbp DNA fragmentation. In the present study, we examined the role of @entity2 in @entity1 -reperfusion injury in isolated @entity0 hearts. @entity2 was detected in the cytosolic and nuclear fractions of hearts subjected to @entity1 -reperfusion, whereas it was detected only in the mitochondria of control hearts. Moreover, @entity2 release increased in a reperfusion time-dependent manner. Pulse field gel electrophoresis revealed that 50 kbp DNA fragments were produced by @entity1 /reperfusion. In contrast, cytochrome c release and the activation of @entity4 did not occur to a significant extent. Moreover, @entity1 preconditioning attenuated the @entity2 release and the 50 kbp DNA fragmentation. These results suggest that @entity2 -dependent apoptosis is likely to attribute to myocardial cell @entity3 in the @entity1 -reperfused heart and that it is related with the protective effect of @entity1 preconditioning.

title: Role of apoptosis-inducing factor in myocardial cell XXXX by @entity1 -reperfusion.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Although apoptosis contributes to myocardial cell @entity3 in the @entity1 -reperfused heart, the molecular basis of apoptosis is poorly understood. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has been characterized as a caspase-independent @entity3 effector. Upon the induction of apoptosis, mitochondrial @entity2 is released to the cytoplasm and then enters the nucleus, in which it induces chromatin condensation and 50 kbp DNA fragmentation. In the present study, we examined the role of @entity2 in @entity1 -reperfusion injury in isolated @entity0 hearts. @entity2 was detected in the cytosolic and nuclear fractions of hearts subjected to @entity1 -reperfusion, whereas it was detected only in the mitochondria of control hearts. Moreover, @entity2 release increased in a reperfusion time-dependent manner. Pulse field gel electrophoresis revealed that 50 kbp DNA fragments were produced by @entity1 /reperfusion. In contrast, cytochrome c release and the activation of @entity4 did not occur to a significant extent. Moreover, @entity1 preconditioning attenuated the @entity2 release and the 50 kbp DNA fragmentation. These results suggest that @entity2 -dependent apoptosis is likely to attribute to myocardial cell @entity3 in the @entity1 -reperfused heart and that it is related with the protective effect of @entity1 preconditioning.

title: Role of apoptosis-inducing factor in myocardial cell @entity3 by XXXX -reperfusion.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of weekly intratumoral TNFerade    injections combined with concurrent @entity3 and radiotherapy in the treatment of @entity0 with locally advanced @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 with T3, T4, or N+ @entity1 received radiotherapy to a total dose of 50.4-54 Gy in combination with @entity3 937.5 mg/m(2) p.o. b.i.d. TNFerade    at a dose of 4 * 10(10) particle units was injected into the @entity1 on the first day of radiotherapy and weekly for a total of 5 injections. Surgery was performed 5-10 weeks after the completion of chemoradiation. RESULTS: Nine @entity0 were enrolled in this pilot trial. The stage was @entity4 in 2 @entity0 , @entity5 in 6 @entity0 , cT4 in 1 @entity0 , N- in 7 @entity0 and N+ in 2 @entity0 . Eight @entity0 completed all treatments. Grade 3 hematologic @entity2 was observed in 2 @entity0 . There was no @entity2 directly attributable to the injection procedure. A complete pathologic response was observed in 2 of 9 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the feasibility of weekly intratumoral TNFerade    injections during chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced @entity1 . Pathologic responses with this combination compare favorably to published rates.

title: A pilot feasibility study of TNFerade    biologic with XXXX and radiation therapy followed by surgical resection for the treatment of @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of weekly intratumoral TNFerade    injections combined with concurrent @entity3 and radiotherapy in the treatment of @entity0 with locally advanced @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 with T3, T4, or N+ @entity1 received radiotherapy to a total dose of 50.4-54 Gy in combination with @entity3 937.5 mg/m(2) p.o. b.i.d. TNFerade    at a dose of 4 * 10(10) particle units was injected into the @entity1 on the first day of radiotherapy and weekly for a total of 5 injections. Surgery was performed 5-10 weeks after the completion of chemoradiation. RESULTS: Nine @entity0 were enrolled in this pilot trial. The stage was @entity4 in 2 @entity0 , @entity5 in 6 @entity0 , cT4 in 1 @entity0 , N- in 7 @entity0 and N+ in 2 @entity0 . Eight @entity0 completed all treatments. Grade 3 hematologic @entity2 was observed in 2 @entity0 . There was no @entity2 directly attributable to the injection procedure. A complete pathologic response was observed in 2 of 9 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the feasibility of weekly intratumoral TNFerade    injections during chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced @entity1 . Pathologic responses with this combination compare favorably to published rates.

title: A pilot feasibility study of TNFerade    biologic with @entity3 and radiation therapy followed by surgical resection for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Aim/Background: A 1-bp deletion ( @entity10 ) in the @entity6 (also known as arrestin or @entity6 ) gene is the most frequently seen mutation in Japanese @entity0 suffering from @entity9 , a @entity1 . We investigated macular function in a @entity0 with @entity9 with the @entity10 mutation. Methods: A 43-year-old Japanese male @entity0 was diagnosed with @entity9 . The @entity0 underwent complete ophthalmic examinations, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and Humphrey visual field testing. Full-field electroretinograms (ff-ERG) and multifocal ERG (mf-ERG) were recorded. Mutational analysis of the @entity6 gene was performed. Results: Corrected visual acuity was @entity5 . Funduscopy showed retinal pigment epithelium @entity2 along the vascular arcade bilaterally. The inner segment-outer segment (ISOS) boundary lines were preserved in the foveal and parafoveal areas, whereas ISOS boundary defects and thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) were seen outside the preserved ISOS boundary. Humphrey testing showed significant paracentral field @entity5 . In addition to an absence of rod responses, cone and 30-Hz flicker responses were markedly reduced in ff-ERG. The central ( @entity7 ) and paracentral ( @entity8 ) responses with normal latencies were relatively preserved, but the outer waveforms (rings 3-5) were attenuated and prolonged in mf-ERG. The deletion mutation ( @entity10 ) was identified homozygously. Conclusions: The reduced/delayed mf-ERG responses and @entity3 in paracentral macula areas are most likely to be correlated with ISOS boundary defects and thinning of the ONL. @entity4 can occur in @entity9 with the @entity10 mutation in the @entity6 gene.

title: Macular Dysfunction in XXXX with the Frequent Mutation @entity10 in the @entity6 Gene.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Aim/Background: A 1-bp deletion ( @entity10 ) in the @entity6 (also known as arrestin or @entity6 ) gene is the most frequently seen mutation in Japanese @entity0 suffering from @entity9 , a @entity1 . We investigated macular function in a @entity0 with @entity9 with the @entity10 mutation. Methods: A 43-year-old Japanese male @entity0 was diagnosed with @entity9 . The @entity0 underwent complete ophthalmic examinations, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and Humphrey visual field testing. Full-field electroretinograms (ff-ERG) and multifocal ERG (mf-ERG) were recorded. Mutational analysis of the @entity6 gene was performed. Results: Corrected visual acuity was @entity5 . Funduscopy showed retinal pigment epithelium @entity2 along the vascular arcade bilaterally. The inner segment-outer segment (ISOS) boundary lines were preserved in the foveal and parafoveal areas, whereas ISOS boundary defects and thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) were seen outside the preserved ISOS boundary. Humphrey testing showed significant paracentral field @entity5 . In addition to an absence of rod responses, cone and 30-Hz flicker responses were markedly reduced in ff-ERG. The central ( @entity7 ) and paracentral ( @entity8 ) responses with normal latencies were relatively preserved, but the outer waveforms (rings 3-5) were attenuated and prolonged in mf-ERG. The deletion mutation ( @entity10 ) was identified homozygously. Conclusions: The reduced/delayed mf-ERG responses and @entity3 in paracentral macula areas are most likely to be correlated with ISOS boundary defects and thinning of the ONL. @entity4 can occur in @entity9 with the @entity10 mutation in the @entity6 gene.

title: Macular Dysfunction in @entity9 with the Frequent Mutation @entity10 in the XXXX Gene.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Aim/Background: A 1-bp deletion ( @entity10 ) in the @entity6 (also known as arrestin or @entity6 ) gene is the most frequently seen mutation in Japanese @entity0 suffering from @entity9 , a @entity1 . We investigated macular function in a @entity0 with @entity9 with the @entity10 mutation. Methods: A 43-year-old Japanese male @entity0 was diagnosed with @entity9 . The @entity0 underwent complete ophthalmic examinations, including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and Humphrey visual field testing. Full-field electroretinograms (ff-ERG) and multifocal ERG (mf-ERG) were recorded. Mutational analysis of the @entity6 gene was performed. Results: Corrected visual acuity was @entity5 . Funduscopy showed retinal pigment epithelium @entity2 along the vascular arcade bilaterally. The inner segment-outer segment (ISOS) boundary lines were preserved in the foveal and parafoveal areas, whereas ISOS boundary defects and thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) were seen outside the preserved ISOS boundary. Humphrey testing showed significant paracentral field @entity5 . In addition to an absence of rod responses, cone and 30-Hz flicker responses were markedly reduced in ff-ERG. The central ( @entity7 ) and paracentral ( @entity8 ) responses with normal latencies were relatively preserved, but the outer waveforms (rings 3-5) were attenuated and prolonged in mf-ERG. The deletion mutation ( @entity10 ) was identified homozygously. Conclusions: The reduced/delayed mf-ERG responses and @entity3 in paracentral macula areas are most likely to be correlated with ISOS boundary defects and thinning of the ONL. @entity4 can occur in @entity9 with the @entity10 mutation in the @entity6 gene.

title: Macular Dysfunction in @entity9 with the Frequent Mutation XXXX in the @entity6 Gene.

answer: @entity10


abstract: Like any other @entity0 , a @entity2 @entity0 can get a @entity3 , too. As such @entity0 tend to ignore reality and neglect themselves and are stigmatized by society, due to which their physical symptomatology is often ignored, @entity3 can remain undetected. If the @entity2 @entity0 is observed and adequate care is provided by the family, family doctor and a psychiatrist, it is possible to recognize the @entity3 and intervene promptly. We are presenting a case of a female @entity0 who has been treated for @entity2 for a number of years. The treatment was mostly ambulatory (i.e. the @entity0 was hospitalized twice) and consisted of first-generation antipsychotics. During the past two years, for reasons unknown, the @entity0 stopped taking regular meals and as a result lost significant body weight, became apathetic and withdrawn, started avoiding social contacts and neglected personal hygiene. She reportedly took the psychopharmaca regularly, but rarely attended @entity1 follow-up consultations. Due to substantial weight loss and @entity5 , correction of antipsychotic was made and internist treatment administered. The choice of @entity4 was not an accidental one. We decided to take advantage of its side effect for the treatment of an @entity6 . Interdisciplinary cooperation proved to be a justified decision.

title: Treatment strategy in XXXX combined with eating disorder.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Increased arterial stiffness was reported to be associated with decreased estimated GFR (eGFR). Previous studies suggested that arterial stiffness might play a role in renal function progression in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The aim of this study was to investigate whether there was an independent association between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), a marker of arterial stiffness, and renal function progression in @entity3 @entity0 . DESIGN, SETTING, @entity0 , _ MEASUREMENTS: This longitudinal study enrolled 145 @entity0 with @entity3 stages 3 to 5. The baPWV was measured by using an ABI-form device. The change in renal function was estimated by eGFR slope. The study endpoints were defined as commencement of dialysis or @entity2 . RESULTS: After a stepwise multivariate analysis, the eGFR slope was positively associated with baseline eGFR and negatively associated with @entity1 and baPWV (b=-0.165, P=0.033). Seventeen @entity0 entering dialysis, and eight deaths were recorded. Multivariate forward Cox regression analysis identified that higher baPWV (hazard ratio, 1.001; P=0.001), lower baseline eGFR, and higher serum @entity4 level were independently associated with progression to commencement of dialysis or @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results show an independent association between baPWV and renal function decline and progression to commencement of dialysis or @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 . Screening @entity3 @entity0 by means of baPWV may help identify a high-risk group of rapid renal function decline and progression to commencing dialysis or @entity2 .

title: Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity and rate of renal function decline and mortality in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Regenerating islet-derived family member, 4 ( @entity10 ) is a secreted protein and member of the C-type lectin superfamily. Expression analyses have characterized @entity10 as a prognostic marker for certain @entity0 ; however, the functional role of @entity10 in @entity0 , including downstream signaling, has only begun to be elucidated. To investigate the biological role of @entity10 in @entity0 , phosphorylation events were studied in @entity0 cell lines in the context of either @entity10 stimulation (HCT116 cells) or knockdown of endogenous @entity10 ( @entity9 and KM12 cells). In addition to the previously observed impact on @entity1 and @entity2 phosphorylation, we observed modulation in the phosphorylation of multiple additional receptor @entity4 kinases (RTKs), including insulin receptor, insulin-like growth factor receptor as well as their downstream effectors, mitogen-activated protein kinase and @entity8 -3-kinase pathways. Furthermore, knockdown of @entity10 impacted the ability of insulin and EGF to stimulate downstream @entity4 phosphorylation. Knockdown of @entity10 in @entity0 cell lines inhibited anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent (both soft-agar and spheroid assays) cell growth and induced cell cycle arrest. This was accompanied by upregulation of @entity7 and @entity5 . Transiently silencing @entity10 in @entity0 cells induced apoptosis and downregulated @entity3 . Conversely, stimulation of HCT116 cells with recombinant @entity10 induced @entity3 . @entity6 , a molecule implicated in drug resistance, was similarly modulated by @entity10 . Consistent with our observations with @entity10 siRNA-mediated knockdown, monoclonal antibodies directed against @entity10 inhibited @entity9 and KM12 cell growth. Collectively, @entity10 plays an important role in @entity0 by modulation of key signaling molecules including @entity6 , @entity3 and multiple RTKs.

title: Regenerating islet-derived family member, 4 modulates multiple receptor XXXX kinases and mediators of drug resistance in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Regenerating islet-derived family member, 4 ( @entity10 ) is a secreted protein and member of the C-type lectin superfamily. Expression analyses have characterized @entity10 as a prognostic marker for certain @entity0 ; however, the functional role of @entity10 in @entity0 , including downstream signaling, has only begun to be elucidated. To investigate the biological role of @entity10 in @entity0 , phosphorylation events were studied in @entity0 cell lines in the context of either @entity10 stimulation (HCT116 cells) or knockdown of endogenous @entity10 ( @entity9 and KM12 cells). In addition to the previously observed impact on @entity1 and @entity2 phosphorylation, we observed modulation in the phosphorylation of multiple additional receptor @entity4 kinases (RTKs), including insulin receptor, insulin-like growth factor receptor as well as their downstream effectors, mitogen-activated protein kinase and @entity8 -3-kinase pathways. Furthermore, knockdown of @entity10 impacted the ability of insulin and EGF to stimulate downstream @entity4 phosphorylation. Knockdown of @entity10 in @entity0 cell lines inhibited anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent (both soft-agar and spheroid assays) cell growth and induced cell cycle arrest. This was accompanied by upregulation of @entity7 and @entity5 . Transiently silencing @entity10 in @entity0 cells induced apoptosis and downregulated @entity3 . Conversely, stimulation of HCT116 cells with recombinant @entity10 induced @entity3 . @entity6 , a molecule implicated in drug resistance, was similarly modulated by @entity10 . Consistent with our observations with @entity10 siRNA-mediated knockdown, monoclonal antibodies directed against @entity10 inhibited @entity9 and KM12 cell growth. Collectively, @entity10 plays an important role in @entity0 by modulation of key signaling molecules including @entity6 , @entity3 and multiple RTKs.

title: Regenerating islet-derived family member, 4 modulates multiple receptor @entity4 kinases and mediators of drug resistance in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the radiosensitivity of @entity1 @entity0 cells, T-47D, irradiated with low dose-rates and to study activation of the @entity2 gene product in the G1 and G2 phases during irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cells were irradiated with (60)Co gamma-rays with dose-rates of 0.37 and 0.94 Gy h(-1). Cell survival was measured as the ability of cells to form colonies. Cells were extracted, fixed and stained for simultaneous measurements of nuclear-bound @entity3 content and DNA content. Cell nuclei were stained with monoclonal antibody PMG3-245 and @entity4 was used for additional staining of DNA. Two-parametric flow cytometry measurements of @entity3 and DNA content were performed using a FACSTAR(PLUS) flow cytometer. RESULTS: It was observed that irradiated cells were arrested in G2. No increase in radiation sensitivity was observed when the cells accumulated in G2. Irradiation of cells at both 0.37 and 0.94 Gy h(-1) resulted in exponential dose-survival curves with nearly equal alpha values, i.e. the same radiosensitivity. However, the @entity2 gene product was bound in the nucleus, i.e. hypophosphorylated, in about 15% of the cells arrested in G2. CONCLUSIONS: T47-D cells accumulate in G2 during low dose irradiation, but no inverse dose-rate effect, i.e. a more efficient inactivation of cells at lower than at higher dose-rates, was observed. A population of arrested G2 cells has @entity3 protein bound in the nucleus, and @entity3 therefore could play a role in protecting cells against radiation-induced cell death in G2.

title: Lack of inverse dose-rate effect and binding of the XXXX gene product in the nucleus of @entity1 cancer T-47D cells arrested in G2 by ionizing radiation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the radiosensitivity of @entity1 @entity0 cells, T-47D, irradiated with low dose-rates and to study activation of the @entity2 gene product in the G1 and G2 phases during irradiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cells were irradiated with (60)Co gamma-rays with dose-rates of 0.37 and 0.94 Gy h(-1). Cell survival was measured as the ability of cells to form colonies. Cells were extracted, fixed and stained for simultaneous measurements of nuclear-bound @entity3 content and DNA content. Cell nuclei were stained with monoclonal antibody PMG3-245 and @entity4 was used for additional staining of DNA. Two-parametric flow cytometry measurements of @entity3 and DNA content were performed using a FACSTAR(PLUS) flow cytometer. RESULTS: It was observed that irradiated cells were arrested in G2. No increase in radiation sensitivity was observed when the cells accumulated in G2. Irradiation of cells at both 0.37 and 0.94 Gy h(-1) resulted in exponential dose-survival curves with nearly equal alpha values, i.e. the same radiosensitivity. However, the @entity2 gene product was bound in the nucleus, i.e. hypophosphorylated, in about 15% of the cells arrested in G2. CONCLUSIONS: T47-D cells accumulate in G2 during low dose irradiation, but no inverse dose-rate effect, i.e. a more efficient inactivation of cells at lower than at higher dose-rates, was observed. A population of arrested G2 cells has @entity3 protein bound in the nucleus, and @entity3 therefore could play a role in protecting cells against radiation-induced cell death in G2.

title: Lack of inverse dose-rate effect and binding of the @entity2 gene product in the nucleus of XXXX cancer T-47D cells arrested in G2 by ionizing radiation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: A low ankle-brachial index (ABI) is associated with an increased risk of @entity4 and @entity3 . Limited data exist regarding the relation between a low ABI and @entity2 . We sought to examine the relation between a low ABI and @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity4 in the elderly. METHODS: We examined 251 @entity0 and 423 @entity0 with a mean age of 80 years who had a Framingham Study examination from 1994 to 1995. A low ABI was defined as less than 0.9. @entity0 were followed up for 4 years for occurrence of @entity2 or transient @entity1 attack, @entity5 , and @entity4 . Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the relation between a low ABI and each outcome after adjusting for age, sex, and prevalent @entity3 . RESULTS: A low ABI was detected in 20% of our sample. Only 18% of the @entity0 with a low ABI reported claudication symptoms. One third of those with a normal ABI and 55% of those with a low ABI had @entity3 at baseline. Results of multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the risk of @entity2 or transient @entity1 attack in @entity0 with a low ABI (hazards ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.7). No significant relation between a low ABI and @entity5 (hazards ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-2.1) or @entity4 (hazards ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-2.1) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A low ABI is associated with risk of @entity2 or transient @entity1 attack in the elderly. These results need to be confirmed in larger studies.

title: The ankle-brachial index in the elderly and risk of XXXX , @entity5 , and @entity4 : the Framingham Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: A low ankle-brachial index (ABI) is associated with an increased risk of @entity4 and @entity3 . Limited data exist regarding the relation between a low ABI and @entity2 . We sought to examine the relation between a low ABI and @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity4 in the elderly. METHODS: We examined 251 @entity0 and 423 @entity0 with a mean age of 80 years who had a Framingham Study examination from 1994 to 1995. A low ABI was defined as less than 0.9. @entity0 were followed up for 4 years for occurrence of @entity2 or transient @entity1 attack, @entity5 , and @entity4 . Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the relation between a low ABI and each outcome after adjusting for age, sex, and prevalent @entity3 . RESULTS: A low ABI was detected in 20% of our sample. Only 18% of the @entity0 with a low ABI reported claudication symptoms. One third of those with a normal ABI and 55% of those with a low ABI had @entity3 at baseline. Results of multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the risk of @entity2 or transient @entity1 attack in @entity0 with a low ABI (hazards ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.7). No significant relation between a low ABI and @entity5 (hazards ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-2.1) or @entity4 (hazards ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-2.1) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A low ABI is associated with risk of @entity2 or transient @entity1 attack in the elderly. These results need to be confirmed in larger studies.

title: The ankle-brachial index in the elderly and risk of @entity2 , XXXX , and @entity4 : the Framingham Study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: A low ankle-brachial index (ABI) is associated with an increased risk of @entity4 and @entity3 . Limited data exist regarding the relation between a low ABI and @entity2 . We sought to examine the relation between a low ABI and @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity4 in the elderly. METHODS: We examined 251 @entity0 and 423 @entity0 with a mean age of 80 years who had a Framingham Study examination from 1994 to 1995. A low ABI was defined as less than 0.9. @entity0 were followed up for 4 years for occurrence of @entity2 or transient @entity1 attack, @entity5 , and @entity4 . Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the relation between a low ABI and each outcome after adjusting for age, sex, and prevalent @entity3 . RESULTS: A low ABI was detected in 20% of our sample. Only 18% of the @entity0 with a low ABI reported claudication symptoms. One third of those with a normal ABI and 55% of those with a low ABI had @entity3 at baseline. Results of multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the risk of @entity2 or transient @entity1 attack in @entity0 with a low ABI (hazards ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.7). No significant relation between a low ABI and @entity5 (hazards ratio, 1.2; 95% confidence interval, 0.7-2.1) or @entity4 (hazards ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 0.9-2.1) was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A low ABI is associated with risk of @entity2 or transient @entity1 attack in the elderly. These results need to be confirmed in larger studies.

title: The ankle-brachial index in the elderly and risk of @entity2 , @entity5 , and XXXX : the Framingham Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk factors associated with node involvement. STUDY DESIGN: In the period 1990-2008 a total of 265 @entity5 were treated in the Institut Universitari Dexeus. We analysed the rate of myometrial invasion, @entity2 grade, histological type and node involvement. RESULTS: Overall, 86% of @entity2 were endometrioid, 5.3% papillary serous, 4.9% mixed and 2.6% endometrial stroma @entity3 . Among those with endometrioid histology, lymphadenectomy was not performed (NL) in 85 cases (37.2%), whereas pelvic lymphadenectomy (PL) or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was carried out in 84 (36.84%) and 59 @entity0 (25.87%), respectively. In NL @entity0 the overall disease-free survival (DFS) rate at five years was 92.8%. In the PL group, node involvement was observed in 2.4% of cases and the five-year DFS rate was 92.3%. Among @entity4 @entity0 , 18.6% showed node involvement (72.7% positive pelvic nodes and 63.6% aortic). Aortic involvement was present in 5.9% of cases when there was no pelvic disease, whereas in the presence of positive pelvic nodes the rate of aortic involvement was 50%. The DFS rate at five years was 93.6%. Referring to the risk factors, when infiltration was > 50% of the myometrium, lymph node involvement occurred in 37% of cases and G3 @entity2 in 45.5%. CONCLUSIONS: Node involvement is more commonly observed in cases with > 50% myometrial invasion and G3, accounting for 25% of cases that can be considered as at-risk @entity0 . When node involvement is present it is equally distributed between the pelvic and aortic levels. As node involvement is a predictive factor for distant @entity1 , the 25% of @entity0 considered to be at risk should undergo @entity4

title: Role of lymphadenectomy in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of this study was to compare the incidence of catheter-associated @entity2 with a noble metal alloy-coated latex catheter or a non-coated @entity3 catheter in @entity0 undergoing elective orthopaedic surgery with short-term catheterization. Secondary objectives included identifying risk factors for @entity2 and catheter-associated urinary tract symptoms. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study compared 217 @entity0 randomized to and receiving a @entity3 catheter with 222 @entity0 treated with a coated latex catheter. Before removal of the catheter a sample for urinary culture was obtained. @entity2 was defined as the growth of >= 100 000 cfu/ml. A logistic regression model was used to identify risk groups for @entity2 . @entity0 were interviewed about urinary tract symptoms during and after catheterization. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity2 was 1.5% with the coated latex catheter and 5.5% with the @entity3 catheter (p = 0.027) after a mean period of 2 days' catheterization time. Female gender (odds ratio 6.02) and @entity1 (odds ratio 5.08) were significant risk factors for @entity2 . A quarter of the @entity0 reported at least one symptom from the urinary tract during and after catheterization. Most @entity0 defined the symptoms as "yes, a little" and a few consulted a healthcare professional because of the symptoms. CONCLUSION: This study confirmed previous results that the noble metal alloy coating significantly reduces the risk of catheter-associated @entity2 in short-term catheterization (1-3 days). Female gender and @entity1 were significant risk factors for developing @entity2 , while the use of an open drainage system and insertion of the catheter on the ward were not.

title: Noble metal alloy-coated latex versus XXXX Foley catheter in short-term catheterization: a randomized controlled study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The overall management results with 61 consecutive @entity0 admitted within 3 days of @entity4 from a @entity6 were analyzed. During the course of this study, the preferred method of management shifted from late surgery (planned at least 7 days after the last @entity5 ) to early surgery (within 4 days of the last @entity5 ). Ten moribund @entity0 were excluded from analysis, leaving 24 in the late group and 27 in the early group. Both groups had comparable @entity0 demographic characteristics and @entity1 , and their care was supervised by one neurosurgeon (N.F.K.). A microsurgical intracranial operation was performed on all @entity0 who survived long enough to have surgery. The intraoperative conditions and complications were similar for the two groups. The average length of follow-up was 11 months in the late and 9 months in the early group. The overall management results for the late group showed a 42% favorable outcome, a 17% unfavorable outcome, and a 42% mortality. The early group had an 81% favorable outcome, a 7% unfavorable outcome, and an 11% mortality. @entity0 in both good and poor conditions fared better in the early group. Seven late group @entity0 rebled, compared to none in the early group. The number of medical complications, the length of hospitalization, and the occurrence of symptomatic @entity7 were all greater in the late group. @entity7 in the early group occurred only postoperatively and, with the @entity3 secured, was treated more aggressively and successfully with @entity2 /hypervolemic therapy than the predominantly operative @entity7 in the late group.

title: Overall management of XXXX : comparison of early and late operation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7 is a @entity4 in which the interactions of genetic, epigenetic and environmental influences are thought to play a causal role. In @entity0 , throughout embryonic and fetal life, brain development is exquisitely susceptible to injury caused by exposure to toxic chemicals present in the environment. Although the use of herbal supplements during pregnancy is relatively common, little information is available on their association with fetal neurodevelopment. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report in the literature to associate a new plausible mechanism of @entity3 with a case of @entity1 through a @entity9 potentiated by concomitant use of herbal supplements and @entity6 exposure. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the pediatric environmental history of a three-year-old Caucasian @entity0 with an @entity1 . We utilized her pediatric environmental history to evaluate constitutional, genetic, and environmental factors pertinent to manifestation of @entity2 . Both parents reported prenatal exposure to several risk factors of interest. A year prior to conception the mother began a @entity5 diet and ingested 1200 mg/day of 'horsetail' ( @entity10 ) herbal remedies containing thiaminase, an enzyme that with long-term use can lead to @entity9 . The mother reported a significant @entity5 during the pregnancy and a @entity11 . @entity8 ( @entity8 ) deficiency could have been potentiated by the horsetail's thiaminase activity and @entity6 exposure during pregnancy. No other risk factors were identified. CONCLUSIONS: A detailed and careful pediatric environmental history, which includes daily intake, herbal remedies and @entity6 exposure, should be obtained from all @entity0 with @entity1 . Maternal consumption of @entity6 and of herbal supplements with suspected or potential @entity3 should be avoided during pregnancy. The prospective parents should perform preconception planning before pregnancy.

title: Prenatal exposure of a @entity0 with XXXX to 'horsetail' ( @entity10 ) herbal remedy and alcohol: a case report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7 is a @entity4 in which the interactions of genetic, epigenetic and environmental influences are thought to play a causal role. In @entity0 , throughout embryonic and fetal life, brain development is exquisitely susceptible to injury caused by exposure to toxic chemicals present in the environment. Although the use of herbal supplements during pregnancy is relatively common, little information is available on their association with fetal neurodevelopment. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report in the literature to associate a new plausible mechanism of @entity3 with a case of @entity1 through a @entity9 potentiated by concomitant use of herbal supplements and @entity6 exposure. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the pediatric environmental history of a three-year-old Caucasian @entity0 with an @entity1 . We utilized her pediatric environmental history to evaluate constitutional, genetic, and environmental factors pertinent to manifestation of @entity2 . Both parents reported prenatal exposure to several risk factors of interest. A year prior to conception the mother began a @entity5 diet and ingested 1200 mg/day of 'horsetail' ( @entity10 ) herbal remedies containing thiaminase, an enzyme that with long-term use can lead to @entity9 . The mother reported a significant @entity5 during the pregnancy and a @entity11 . @entity8 ( @entity8 ) deficiency could have been potentiated by the horsetail's thiaminase activity and @entity6 exposure during pregnancy. No other risk factors were identified. CONCLUSIONS: A detailed and careful pediatric environmental history, which includes daily intake, herbal remedies and @entity6 exposure, should be obtained from all @entity0 with @entity1 . Maternal consumption of @entity6 and of herbal supplements with suspected or potential @entity3 should be avoided during pregnancy. The prospective parents should perform preconception planning before pregnancy.

title: Prenatal exposure of a @entity0 with @entity1 to 'horsetail' ( XXXX ) herbal remedy and alcohol: a case report.

answer: @entity10


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity7 is a @entity4 in which the interactions of genetic, epigenetic and environmental influences are thought to play a causal role. In @entity0 , throughout embryonic and fetal life, brain development is exquisitely susceptible to injury caused by exposure to toxic chemicals present in the environment. Although the use of herbal supplements during pregnancy is relatively common, little information is available on their association with fetal neurodevelopment. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report in the literature to associate a new plausible mechanism of @entity3 with a case of @entity1 through a @entity9 potentiated by concomitant use of herbal supplements and @entity6 exposure. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe the pediatric environmental history of a three-year-old Caucasian @entity0 with an @entity1 . We utilized her pediatric environmental history to evaluate constitutional, genetic, and environmental factors pertinent to manifestation of @entity2 . Both parents reported prenatal exposure to several risk factors of interest. A year prior to conception the mother began a @entity5 diet and ingested 1200 mg/day of 'horsetail' ( @entity10 ) herbal remedies containing thiaminase, an enzyme that with long-term use can lead to @entity9 . The mother reported a significant @entity5 during the pregnancy and a @entity11 . @entity8 ( @entity8 ) deficiency could have been potentiated by the horsetail's thiaminase activity and @entity6 exposure during pregnancy. No other risk factors were identified. CONCLUSIONS: A detailed and careful pediatric environmental history, which includes daily intake, herbal remedies and @entity6 exposure, should be obtained from all @entity0 with @entity1 . Maternal consumption of @entity6 and of herbal supplements with suspected or potential @entity3 should be avoided during pregnancy. The prospective parents should perform preconception planning before pregnancy.

title: Prenatal exposure of a XXXX with @entity1 to 'horsetail' ( @entity10 ) herbal remedy and alcohol: a case report.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Weight and length measurements were recorded for 1583 babies during the 1st year of life. The population sample was fairly constant and composed of @entity0 from white, middle and upper income families seen in the private practice of 11 pediatricians in Dallas, Texas. This study was part of a larger research effort to determine how diets during the 1st 6 months affect subsequent development of @entity2 . The babies were subdivided into 3 groups according to family history for @entity2 and 3 groups according to diet ( @entity1 , breast or soy milk) during the 1st 6 months. After examination at birth, the babies were reexamined monthly up to 6 months of age and bimonthly thereafter up to age 1. Nearly 22,000 observations were made in all. Tables and charts were constructed showing mean weight and length measurements plotted from birth through 38 weeks against 24 possible combinations of sex, family @entity2 history, and diet. No significant difference was detectable between subgroups when differences in birth weight were taken into account. Compared with the Iowa norms for @entity0 growth which were established from measurements taken 1926-49, these babies grew taller in the 1st year of life; weight differences were minimal. Revised @entity0 growth charts, more consistent with today's growth patterns, are needed.

title: New growth charts: soy, XXXX , and breast milk comparison.

answer: @entity1