abstract: Seventy-one @entity0 submitted routinely to coronary artery bypass surgery were randomized into 2 groups. Group A (32 @entity0 ) received 24 hr after initiation of surgery an intravenous perfusion of 100 mg of @entity8 given over 24 hr (22 cases) or 600 mg administered orally (10 cases). On subsequent days, they received 1200 mg of @entity8 /day orally. Group B (39 @entity0 ) was used as control. The groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, severity of @entity2 , preoperative therapy, duration of extracorporeal circulation, aortic clamping time, and immediate postoperative haemodynamic findings. No @entity0 received digitalis. During hospital stay (10 days), 1 group A @entity0 (3%) and 13 group B @entity0 (33%; P less than 0.001) developed a sustained episode of @entity3 ( @entity4 , @entity6 or @entity7 ). The majority of these @entity1 developed between days 2 and 4. On Holter monitoring on days 7-10, @entity5 (grades IV and V of Lown's classification) were more frequent in group B (65.2%) than in group A (19.3%; P less than 0.001). Haemodynamic measurements taken at rest performed in 27 @entity0 on days 7-10 (16 @entity0 of group A; 11 of group B). No difference was observed between the two groups. @entity8 is a safe and efficacious drug for the prevention of @entity3 following coronary surgery.

title: Prevention by XXXX of @entity1 following coronary bypass surgery.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Seventy-one @entity0 submitted routinely to coronary artery bypass surgery were randomized into 2 groups. Group A (32 @entity0 ) received 24 hr after initiation of surgery an intravenous perfusion of 100 mg of @entity8 given over 24 hr (22 cases) or 600 mg administered orally (10 cases). On subsequent days, they received 1200 mg of @entity8 /day orally. Group B (39 @entity0 ) was used as control. The groups were comparable in terms of age, sex, severity of @entity2 , preoperative therapy, duration of extracorporeal circulation, aortic clamping time, and immediate postoperative haemodynamic findings. No @entity0 received digitalis. During hospital stay (10 days), 1 group A @entity0 (3%) and 13 group B @entity0 (33%; P less than 0.001) developed a sustained episode of @entity3 ( @entity4 , @entity6 or @entity7 ). The majority of these @entity1 developed between days 2 and 4. On Holter monitoring on days 7-10, @entity5 (grades IV and V of Lown's classification) were more frequent in group B (65.2%) than in group A (19.3%; P less than 0.001). Haemodynamic measurements taken at rest performed in 27 @entity0 on days 7-10 (16 @entity0 of group A; 11 of group B). No difference was observed between the two groups. @entity8 is a safe and efficacious drug for the prevention of @entity3 following coronary surgery.

title: Prevention by @entity8 of XXXX following coronary bypass surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: New agents with increased activity and/or reduced @entity3 are needed for the treatment of @entity0 . The @entity13 derivatives @entity12 and @entity14 had significant activity and acceptable @entity3 in phase II trials. In an ongoing phase III trial we have now randomized 150 @entity1 with @entity0 to either @entity8 (60 mg/m2), @entity12 (14 mg/m2) or @entity14 (260 mg/m2) i.v. q 3 weeks with re-randomization for cross-over at the time of progression to determine the relative efficacy and @entity3 of these three agents. To be eligible, @entity1 must have had only one previous chemotherapy regimen. ER positive @entity1 must have failed endocrine therapy. @entity1 with CHF or severe @entity5 were ineligible. In this preliminary evaluation, 117 @entity1 are evaluable for response and 110 for @entity3 . Median age for all @entity1 is 58 years (range 26-78). The majority (86%) are postmenopausal. Fifty-nine percent percent of the @entity1 have @entity2 . @entity4 receptor is positive in 37%, negative in 39% and unknown in 24% of @entity1 . Median performance status (SWOG) is 1, range 0-2. Objective responses have been observed on each arm ( @entity8 9/35, @entity12 6/38, @entity14 6/44). Thirty-two @entity1 are evaluable for cross-over response ( @entity8 2/13, @entity12 1/11, @entity14 0/8). The predominant @entity3 is @entity10 with a nadir WBC count less than 2000 in 45% of all courses administered. @entity10 is similar with the three drugs. Significant @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity11 are common with @entity8 and uncommon with the other agents. @entity9 has been observed in one @entity1 ( @entity8 ). Definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy and @entity3 of these agents await the completion of this trial.

title: A randomized trial of @entity8 , XXXX and @entity14 in @entity0 (a South West Oncology Group Study).

answer: @entity12


abstract: New agents with increased activity and/or reduced @entity3 are needed for the treatment of @entity0 . The @entity13 derivatives @entity12 and @entity14 had significant activity and acceptable @entity3 in phase II trials. In an ongoing phase III trial we have now randomized 150 @entity1 with @entity0 to either @entity8 (60 mg/m2), @entity12 (14 mg/m2) or @entity14 (260 mg/m2) i.v. q 3 weeks with re-randomization for cross-over at the time of progression to determine the relative efficacy and @entity3 of these three agents. To be eligible, @entity1 must have had only one previous chemotherapy regimen. ER positive @entity1 must have failed endocrine therapy. @entity1 with CHF or severe @entity5 were ineligible. In this preliminary evaluation, 117 @entity1 are evaluable for response and 110 for @entity3 . Median age for all @entity1 is 58 years (range 26-78). The majority (86%) are postmenopausal. Fifty-nine percent percent of the @entity1 have @entity2 . @entity4 receptor is positive in 37%, negative in 39% and unknown in 24% of @entity1 . Median performance status (SWOG) is 1, range 0-2. Objective responses have been observed on each arm ( @entity8 9/35, @entity12 6/38, @entity14 6/44). Thirty-two @entity1 are evaluable for cross-over response ( @entity8 2/13, @entity12 1/11, @entity14 0/8). The predominant @entity3 is @entity10 with a nadir WBC count less than 2000 in 45% of all courses administered. @entity10 is similar with the three drugs. Significant @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity11 are common with @entity8 and uncommon with the other agents. @entity9 has been observed in one @entity1 ( @entity8 ). Definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy and @entity3 of these agents await the completion of this trial.

title: A randomized trial of @entity8 , @entity12 and XXXX in @entity0 (a South West Oncology Group Study).

answer: @entity14


abstract: New agents with increased activity and/or reduced @entity3 are needed for the treatment of @entity0 . The @entity13 derivatives @entity12 and @entity14 had significant activity and acceptable @entity3 in phase II trials. In an ongoing phase III trial we have now randomized 150 @entity1 with @entity0 to either @entity8 (60 mg/m2), @entity12 (14 mg/m2) or @entity14 (260 mg/m2) i.v. q 3 weeks with re-randomization for cross-over at the time of progression to determine the relative efficacy and @entity3 of these three agents. To be eligible, @entity1 must have had only one previous chemotherapy regimen. ER positive @entity1 must have failed endocrine therapy. @entity1 with CHF or severe @entity5 were ineligible. In this preliminary evaluation, 117 @entity1 are evaluable for response and 110 for @entity3 . Median age for all @entity1 is 58 years (range 26-78). The majority (86%) are postmenopausal. Fifty-nine percent percent of the @entity1 have @entity2 . @entity4 receptor is positive in 37%, negative in 39% and unknown in 24% of @entity1 . Median performance status (SWOG) is 1, range 0-2. Objective responses have been observed on each arm ( @entity8 9/35, @entity12 6/38, @entity14 6/44). Thirty-two @entity1 are evaluable for cross-over response ( @entity8 2/13, @entity12 1/11, @entity14 0/8). The predominant @entity3 is @entity10 with a nadir WBC count less than 2000 in 45% of all courses administered. @entity10 is similar with the three drugs. Significant @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity11 are common with @entity8 and uncommon with the other agents. @entity9 has been observed in one @entity1 ( @entity8 ). Definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy and @entity3 of these agents await the completion of this trial.

title: A randomized trial of XXXX , @entity12 and @entity14 in @entity0 (a South West Oncology Group Study).

answer: @entity8


abstract: New agents with increased activity and/or reduced @entity3 are needed for the treatment of @entity0 . The @entity13 derivatives @entity12 and @entity14 had significant activity and acceptable @entity3 in phase II trials. In an ongoing phase III trial we have now randomized 150 @entity1 with @entity0 to either @entity8 (60 mg/m2), @entity12 (14 mg/m2) or @entity14 (260 mg/m2) i.v. q 3 weeks with re-randomization for cross-over at the time of progression to determine the relative efficacy and @entity3 of these three agents. To be eligible, @entity1 must have had only one previous chemotherapy regimen. ER positive @entity1 must have failed endocrine therapy. @entity1 with CHF or severe @entity5 were ineligible. In this preliminary evaluation, 117 @entity1 are evaluable for response and 110 for @entity3 . Median age for all @entity1 is 58 years (range 26-78). The majority (86%) are postmenopausal. Fifty-nine percent percent of the @entity1 have @entity2 . @entity4 receptor is positive in 37%, negative in 39% and unknown in 24% of @entity1 . Median performance status (SWOG) is 1, range 0-2. Objective responses have been observed on each arm ( @entity8 9/35, @entity12 6/38, @entity14 6/44). Thirty-two @entity1 are evaluable for cross-over response ( @entity8 2/13, @entity12 1/11, @entity14 0/8). The predominant @entity3 is @entity10 with a nadir WBC count less than 2000 in 45% of all courses administered. @entity10 is similar with the three drugs. Significant @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity11 are common with @entity8 and uncommon with the other agents. @entity9 has been observed in one @entity1 ( @entity8 ). Definitive conclusions regarding the efficacy and @entity3 of these agents await the completion of this trial.

title: A randomized trial of @entity8 , @entity12 and @entity14 in XXXX (a South West Oncology Group Study).

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis of @entity5 (CCHB) is usually considered favorable in adults. This belief is based on studies comprising a limited number of @entity0 and with rather short observation times. In the present study, the natural history of the disease was investigated by a prospective follow-up through decades of adult life of @entity0 with a large group having well-defined CCHB without structural @entity2 . METHODS AND RESULTS: The diagnostic criteria of CCHB proposed by Yater were applied. @entity0 registered as having CCHB in 1964, supplemented by younger @entity0 all without symptoms during their first 15 years of life, were selected. The study was limited to @entity0 with isolated, complete, permanent @entity4 . An interview was conducted with all @entity0 and clinical follow-up data obtained. There were finally 102 @entity0 , 61 @entity0 and 41 @entity0 . In November 1994, the time of observation, after the age of 15 years in survivors, was between 7 and 30 years. The mean age at follow-up or at @entity1 was 38 years, median age 37 years, and range 16 to 66 years. @entity9 ( @entity9 ) attacks occurred in 27 @entity0 , in 8 with a fatal outcome. The first attack was fatal in 6 of these 8 @entity0 . Nineteen survived and a pacemaker (PM) was implanted thereafter. Another 8 @entity0 received a PM because of repeated fainting spells, and 27 others have had a PM implanted for other reasons such as @entity6 , effort @entity7 , dizziness, ectopies during exercise tests, @entity3 , and a low ventricular rate (VR). VR decreased with age, with a mean rate at 15 years of 46 beats per minute (bpm), at 16 to 20 years of 43 bpm, at 21 to 30 years of 41 bpm, at 31 to 40 years of 40 bpm, and after 40 years of age of 39 bpm. @entity9 attacks occurred in all 7 @entity0 with prolonged QTc time. Low VR at rest or at work, presence of @entity8 pattern, low working capacity, and ectopies at rest and/or during effort were not statistically significant risk factors. @entity9 attacks occurred in 6 @entity0 without any of these signs. @entity3 developed in 16 @entity0 and 4 died. A PM reduced the risk of @entity1 . A change to a @entity4 occurred in 6 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic PM treatment is recommended even for symptom-free adults with CCHB because of the high incidence of unpredictable @entity9 attacks with considerable mortality from first attacks, a gradually decreasing VR, significant morbidity, and a high incidence of "acquired" @entity3 .

title: Isolated XXXX in adult life. A prospective study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: This retrospective study evaluated 18 @entity0 in whom an extensile approach to the lateral tibial plateau involving anterior detachment and retraction of the lateral meniscus was used to improve visualization of the tibial articular surface. All @entity0 in this study had a significantly comminuted @entity1 with a minimum articular @entity2 of 10 mm. Four of the 18 @entity0 had peripheral meniscal tears that were repaired at the time of tibial fixation. All @entity0 had a minimum followup of 13 months. The average range of motion was 0 degrees to 117 degrees. None of the @entity0 had evidence of meniscal symptoms. Functional evaluation revealed that 13 of the @entity0 had an excellent result, 5 had a good result, and 1 a poor result. Five @entity0 evaluated with arthroscopy showed complete healing of the anteromedial detachment site of the meniscus. Two of the 5 @entity0 also had a meniscal repair that healed. For @entity0 in whom there is significant comminution and @entity2 of the lateral tibial plateau, this is a safe and effective method of treatment that provides excellent exposure of the articular surface to allow an accurate reduction.

title: Meniscal detachment to approach lateral XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: One of the major unresolved questions in trauma repair concerns the degree of step-off that can be accepted in a joint surface. In answer to this question, a new @entity0 model of femoral step-off was developed. Osteoarthrotic changes in cartilage and bone and the failure of repair responses were seen at 20 weeks in the presence of a 3-mm wide sagittal defect displaced 5 mm from the joint surface and spanning the anteroposterior extent of the medial femoral condyle. This study examined the effects of a similar defect, displaced 2 mm from the joint surface, to determine whether the development of @entity1 is dependent on the size of the step-off. Defects were created in 18 New Zealand white @entity0 . In a second group, the medial joint surface was osteotomized, but was not displaced. In contrast to th first study, cartilaginous and bony repair resulted in closure of the surgical defect and restoration of femoral congruity. Histologic and biochemical parameters did not differ significantly between groups. The results indicate that cartilage and bone possess the ability to remodel small articular step-offs and to restore joint congruity. Furthermore, the combined data suggest that the development of @entity1 requires significant articular @entity2 .

title: Remodeling of articular step-offs. Is XXXX dependent on defect size?

answer: @entity1


abstract: A photoplethysmographic technique was used in 30 consecutive @entity0 who had abdominal aortic reconstruction to assess @entity5 intraoperatively. A sterile pulse oximeter probe was used to measure arterial @entity3 and transcolonic @entity1 saturation (TCOS) in the proximal, midportion, and distal sigmoid colon before and after the reconstruction. No attempt at inferior mesenteric revascularization was made, irrespective of the photoplethysmographic results. The status of the colon was assessed between the third and sixth postoperative day by a colonoscopist unaware of the intraoperative data. Before the reconstructive procedure photoplethysmography displayed @entity4 in all @entity0 with a mean TCOS of 95% +/- 0.4%. After reconstruction, 28 @entity0 (93%) demonstrated unchanged @entity3 with mean TCOS of 94% +/- 0.4%. Despite ligation of a patent inferior mesenteric artery in 10 of these @entity0 , all 28 had normal colonoscopic examinations. By contrast, two @entity0 (6.7%) had a loss of photoplethysmographic @entity3 with unmeasurable TCOS. Both of these @entity0 had ligation of an initially patent inferior mesenteric artery and demonstrated evidence of @entity2 mucosal changes at colonoscopy. Intraoperative colonic photoplethysmography represents an easily performed, accurate method for predicting @entity5 . A loss of @entity3 suggests inadequate postreconstructive colonic perfusion and mandates revascularization of the inferior mesenteric artery.

title: Detection of occult XXXX during aortic procedures: use of an intraoperative photoplethysmographic technique.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Systolic @entity2 in the Elderly Program (SHEP) demonstrated a significant reduction in @entity1 and coronary event rates among @entity0 randomly assigned to active blood pressure treatment. Selected @entity0 were evaluated for @entity7 and followed up for cardiovascular events beyond the end of the SHEP trial. Antihypertensive treatment effects were evaluated based on the presence or absence of clinical or subclinical @entity6 . METHODS: As an ancillary study to SHEP, 190 @entity0 at the Pittsburgh center were evaluated for @entity7 , defined as either an @entity5 (by duplex scan) or lower extremity @entity4 (identified by ankle blood pressure). @entity0 were subsequently followed up for cardiovascular events. RESULTS: Estimates of 4-year mortality rates were 4.8% for @entity0 with no @entity6 , 16.7% for those with subclinical @entity6 , and 23% among those with clinical evidence of @entity6 (P < .001). Fatal plus nonfatal cardiovascular event rates were 10.9%, 29.8%, and 58.3% for the three groups, respectively (P < .001). Differences remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, treatment assignment, smoking, and high-density lipoprotein @entity3 . Individuals assigned to placebo at the beginning of SHEP had higher cardiovascular event rates than individuals assigned to active treatment (P = .011), with the most striking difference 3 or more years after the end of the SHEP trial. When this analysis was stratified by the presence or absence of detectable @entity6 , the absolute treatment effect was largest among those with evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with systolic @entity2 and evidence of @entity7 are at high risk for cardiovascular events. Targeting this group for antihypertensive therapy would result in the prevention of a large number of cardiovascular events.

title: Morbidity, mortality, and antihypertensive treatment effects by extent of @entity6 in older adults with isolated systolic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Systolic @entity2 in the Elderly Program (SHEP) demonstrated a significant reduction in @entity1 and coronary event rates among @entity0 randomly assigned to active blood pressure treatment. Selected @entity0 were evaluated for @entity7 and followed up for cardiovascular events beyond the end of the SHEP trial. Antihypertensive treatment effects were evaluated based on the presence or absence of clinical or subclinical @entity6 . METHODS: As an ancillary study to SHEP, 190 @entity0 at the Pittsburgh center were evaluated for @entity7 , defined as either an @entity5 (by duplex scan) or lower extremity @entity4 (identified by ankle blood pressure). @entity0 were subsequently followed up for cardiovascular events. RESULTS: Estimates of 4-year mortality rates were 4.8% for @entity0 with no @entity6 , 16.7% for those with subclinical @entity6 , and 23% among those with clinical evidence of @entity6 (P < .001). Fatal plus nonfatal cardiovascular event rates were 10.9%, 29.8%, and 58.3% for the three groups, respectively (P < .001). Differences remained significant after adjustment for age, sex, treatment assignment, smoking, and high-density lipoprotein @entity3 . Individuals assigned to placebo at the beginning of SHEP had higher cardiovascular event rates than individuals assigned to active treatment (P = .011), with the most striking difference 3 or more years after the end of the SHEP trial. When this analysis was stratified by the presence or absence of detectable @entity6 , the absolute treatment effect was largest among those with evidence of disease. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with systolic @entity2 and evidence of @entity7 are at high risk for cardiovascular events. Targeting this group for antihypertensive therapy would result in the prevention of a large number of cardiovascular events.

title: Morbidity, mortality, and antihypertensive treatment effects by extent of XXXX in older adults with isolated systolic @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The purpose of this investigation was to determine non-invasively the alteration in autonomic cardiovascular control observed in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 submitted to a hemodialysis (HD) treatment. The effect of HD on finger blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) variability was studied by means of spectral analysis in 12 @entity1 @entity0 at supine and during 45 degrees head-up tilt. Amplitude spectra of BP and HR rhythmicity were estimated and integrated amplitudes of the low (60 to 140 mHz, Mayer waves) and high frequency (area under the curve at mean respiration rate +/- 50 mHz) components were computed. The overall variability of a signal was given by the total area under the curve of the spectrum between 20 and 500 mHz. The transfer function was calculated between systolic BP and HR fluctuations using cross-spectral analysis. The principle findings are as follows: (1) Before HD, overall variability in systolic and diastolic BP as well as in the low frequency component in BP spectra were markedly reduced in @entity1 @entity0 compared to control subjects. Dialysis produced an immediate improvement in overall BP variability and the LF BP rhythmicity. (2) Before HD, there was an alteration of the HR spectral profile in uremic @entity0 . (3) @entity2 and HD induced no changes in the transfer gain characteristic of modulation of HR by systolic BP. Taken together, these findings suggest that volume depletion in @entity1 @entity0 during a dialysis treatment is responsible for the improvement of overall BP variability and its spectral components.

title: Effect of hemodialysis on cardiovascular rhythms in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Circulating levels of @entity4 are depressed after cardiopulmonary bypass and have been implicated to play a contributory role in the alterations in left ventricular function after hypothermic @entity0 and rewarming. The central hypothesis of the present study was that pretreatment of isolated myocytes with @entity2 will have a direct and beneficial effect on contractile performance after hypothermic @entity0 and rewarming. Contractile function in isolated @entity1 left ventricular myocytes was examined by video microscopy after the following treatment protocols: (1) 37 degrees C incubation in medium (normothermia) for 2 hours with @entity2 followed by a 2-hour normothermic incubation with no @entity2 , (2) 4 hours of normothermic incubation with no @entity2 , (3) normothermic incubation for 2 hours with @entity2 followed by 2 hours of @entity5 , hypothermic @entity0 ([K+]:24 mmol/L; 4 degrees C) and subsequent rewarming, and (4) normothermic incubation for 2 hours with no @entity2 followed by 2 hours of @entity5 , hypothermic @entity0 and rewarming. Two hours of normothermia with @entity2 increased myocyte contractile function by 30% compared with values in untreated control myocytes, and this increase persisted after a subsequent 2-hour incubation under normothermic conditions with no @entity2 . For example, myocyte velocity of shortening in @entity2 -pretreated myocytes was 84 +/- 4.9 microns/sec compared with 62 +/- 2.8 microns/sec in control myocytes (p < 0.05). @entity0 and subsequent rewarming caused a significant reduction in myocyte velocity of shortening from normothermic values (37 +/- 3.4 microns/sec, p < 0.05). However, in myocytes pretreated with @entity2 , myocyte contractile function was significantly higher after hypothermic @entity0 and rewarming (54 +/- 2.5 microns/sec, p < 0.05). In a second series of experiments, beta-adrenergic responsiveness was examined after pretreatment with @entity2 . In the presence of the beta-adrenergic agonist @entity3 (25 nmol/L), myocyte contractile function was increased by 26% in the @entity2 -treated myocytes compared with that in untreated control myocytes. This enhanced beta-adrenergic responsiveness with @entity2 pretreatment persisted with subsequent exposure to hypothermic @entity0 and rewarming. In summary, @entity2 pretreatment caused an increase in myocyte contractile function and beta-adrenergic responsiveness under normothermic conditions and after hypothermic @entity0 and rewarming. Thus the present study provides direct evidence to suggest that preemptive treatment with @entity2 may improve left ventricular contractile performance after hypothermic @entity0 and rewarming.

title: Pretreatment with XXXX (T3). Effects on myocyte contractile function after hypothermic @entity0 and rewarming.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Circulating levels of @entity4 are depressed after cardiopulmonary bypass and have been implicated to play a contributory role in the alterations in left ventricular function after hypothermic @entity0 and rewarming. The central hypothesis of the present study was that pretreatment of isolated myocytes with @entity2 will have a direct and beneficial effect on contractile performance after hypothermic @entity0 and rewarming. Contractile function in isolated @entity1 left ventricular myocytes was examined by video microscopy after the following treatment protocols: (1) 37 degrees C incubation in medium (normothermia) for 2 hours with @entity2 followed by a 2-hour normothermic incubation with no @entity2 , (2) 4 hours of normothermic incubation with no @entity2 , (3) normothermic incubation for 2 hours with @entity2 followed by 2 hours of @entity5 , hypothermic @entity0 ([K+]:24 mmol/L; 4 degrees C) and subsequent rewarming, and (4) normothermic incubation for 2 hours with no @entity2 followed by 2 hours of @entity5 , hypothermic @entity0 and rewarming. Two hours of normothermia with @entity2 increased myocyte contractile function by 30% compared with values in untreated control myocytes, and this increase persisted after a subsequent 2-hour incubation under normothermic conditions with no @entity2 . For example, myocyte velocity of shortening in @entity2 -pretreated myocytes was 84 +/- 4.9 microns/sec compared with 62 +/- 2.8 microns/sec in control myocytes (p < 0.05). @entity0 and subsequent rewarming caused a significant reduction in myocyte velocity of shortening from normothermic values (37 +/- 3.4 microns/sec, p < 0.05). However, in myocytes pretreated with @entity2 , myocyte contractile function was significantly higher after hypothermic @entity0 and rewarming (54 +/- 2.5 microns/sec, p < 0.05). In a second series of experiments, beta-adrenergic responsiveness was examined after pretreatment with @entity2 . In the presence of the beta-adrenergic agonist @entity3 (25 nmol/L), myocyte contractile function was increased by 26% in the @entity2 -treated myocytes compared with that in untreated control myocytes. This enhanced beta-adrenergic responsiveness with @entity2 pretreatment persisted with subsequent exposure to hypothermic @entity0 and rewarming. In summary, @entity2 pretreatment caused an increase in myocyte contractile function and beta-adrenergic responsiveness under normothermic conditions and after hypothermic @entity0 and rewarming. Thus the present study provides direct evidence to suggest that preemptive treatment with @entity2 may improve left ventricular contractile performance after hypothermic @entity0 and rewarming.

title: Pretreatment with @entity4 (T3). Effects on myocyte contractile function after hypothermic XXXX and rewarming.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Five female @entity0 and one male @entity0 with solid and @entity5 of the pancreas were examined with computed tomography (CT). The mean age of the @entity0 was 27 years (range, 13-46 years). All cases showed well-encapsulated, round or lobulated masses consisting of both cystic and solid areas. Cystic portions showed CT numbers that suggested @entity2 . There were no internal septations within the masses. In three @entity1 located in the head of the pancreas, dilatation of the biliary tree was absent or minimal, although the masses were large. Two @entity1 contained @entity3 . One @entity1 demonstrated metastatic deposits in liver and lymph nodes. Metastatic masses appeared similar to the primary pancreatic mass. Solid and @entity4 should be the primary diagnostic consideration when characteristic CT findings are detected in a young female @entity0 .

title: Solid and XXXX of the pancreas: CT findings.

answer: @entity5


abstract: A 5 to 12 year follow-up study of 132 @entity0 with nonobstructive duodenal @entity3 treated by HSV without a drainage procedure was done. The results of pre- and postoperative gastric emptying studies and pre- and postoperative acid secretion studies were related to recurrent @entity1 . The almost 9 percent of instances of recurrent ulceration were found in the group of @entity0 with preoperative PPAO values greater than 40 mmol/hr. In all 13 @entity0 with preoperative PPAO values greater than 60 mmol/hr, HSV was considered a failure. It was concluded that at least the latter group should be excluded from HSV. In 4.3 percent of @entity0 serious @entity4 after HSV was cause for reoperation. In spite of meticulous denervation and peroperative open pH metry, inadequate vagotomy, defined as percent reduction of PIAO values after HSV less than 75 percent, was found in 33 out of 117 @entity0 . In an experimental study, @entity2 alone also gives a positive Grassi test. From both facts the relative value of this test can be concluded. Symptoms after inadequate vagotomy were again clearly related to preoperative PPAO values.

title: Prognostic factors in surgery for duodenal XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recombinant @entity0 morphogenetic protein (rhBMP) is a graft alternative for extensive mandibular reconstruction after @entity1 resections. However, the feasibility of rhBMP-2 to receive osseointegrated implants and prosthetic rehabilitation has been rarely reported. This study reports on a case of an extensive solid @entity3 along the mandibular body. The treatment consisted of resection followed by off-label use of rhBMP type 2 associated with @entity2 bone xenograft. Eleven months postoperatively, the @entity0 was prosthetically rehabilitated with dental implants, without evidence of resorption or complications. The literature on mandibular reconstructions using rhBMP and their feasibility for future osseointegrated implant placement was also reviewed. Based on the presented case, the association between rhBMP-2 and a @entity2 bone xenograft could be considered a feasible option for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of large mandibular defects after @entity1 resection. According to the literature, the use of rhBMP as a graft material is encouraging, with good clinical outcome. However, there are no long-term studies demonstrating success and survival rates of implants placed in these grafts. Future investigations will be required to ascertain the long-term survival of implants in areas grafted with rhBMP. Also, there is a lack of information regarding the prosthetic rehabilitation of these @entity0 .

title: Continuity resection of the mandible after @entity3 - feasibility of oral rehabilitation with rhBMP-2 associated to XXXX xenograft followed by implant installation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recombinant @entity0 morphogenetic protein (rhBMP) is a graft alternative for extensive mandibular reconstruction after @entity1 resections. However, the feasibility of rhBMP-2 to receive osseointegrated implants and prosthetic rehabilitation has been rarely reported. This study reports on a case of an extensive solid @entity3 along the mandibular body. The treatment consisted of resection followed by off-label use of rhBMP type 2 associated with @entity2 bone xenograft. Eleven months postoperatively, the @entity0 was prosthetically rehabilitated with dental implants, without evidence of resorption or complications. The literature on mandibular reconstructions using rhBMP and their feasibility for future osseointegrated implant placement was also reviewed. Based on the presented case, the association between rhBMP-2 and a @entity2 bone xenograft could be considered a feasible option for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of large mandibular defects after @entity1 resection. According to the literature, the use of rhBMP as a graft material is encouraging, with good clinical outcome. However, there are no long-term studies demonstrating success and survival rates of implants placed in these grafts. Future investigations will be required to ascertain the long-term survival of implants in areas grafted with rhBMP. Also, there is a lack of information regarding the prosthetic rehabilitation of these @entity0 .

title: Continuity resection of the mandible after XXXX - feasibility of oral rehabilitation with rhBMP-2 associated to @entity2 xenograft followed by implant installation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cell transplantation therapy will mean a breakthrough in resolving the donor shortage in cardiac transplantation. Cardiomyocyte (CM) transplantation, however, has been relatively inefficient in restoring cardiac function after @entity1 ( @entity1 ) due to low engraftment of transplanted CM. In order to ameliorate engraftment of CM, the novel transplantation strategy must be invented. Gelatin hydrogel (GH) is a biodegradable water-soluble polymer gel. Gelatin is made of collagen. Although we observed that collagen strongly induced the aggregation of platelets to potentially cause coronary microembolization, GH did not enhance thrombogenicity. Therefore, GH is a suitable biomaterial in the cell therapy after @entity2 . To assess the effect of GH on the improvement of cardiac function, fetal @entity0 CM (5*106 or 1x106 cells) were transplanted with GH (10 mg/ml) to infarcted hearts. We compared this group with sham operated @entity0 , CM in @entity4 buffered saline (PBS), only PBS, and only GH-transplanted groups. Three weeks after transplantation, cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography. The echocardiography confirmed that transplantation of 5*106 CM with GH significantly improved cardiac systolic function, compared with the CM+PBS group (fractional area change: 75.1  3.4% vs. 60.7  5.9%, p<0.05), only PBS, and only GH groups (60.1  6.5%, 65.0  2.8%, p<0.05). Pathological analyses demonstrated that in the CM+GH group, CM were efficiently engrafted in @entity3 (p<0.01) and angiogenesis was significantly enhanced (p<0.05) in both central and peripheral areas of the scar. Moreover, quantitative RT-PCR revealed that angiogenic cytokines, such as basic fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and hepatocyte growth factor, were significantly enriched in the CM+GH group (p<0.05). Here, we report that GH confined the CM effectively in @entity3 after transplantation, and that CM transplanted with GH improved cardiac function with a direct contraction effect and enhanced angiogenesis.

title: Gelatin Hydrogel Enhances the Engraftment of Transplanted Cardiomyocytes and Angiogenesis to Ameliorate Cardiac Function after XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 , (LTD4) is a potent bronchoconstrictor that may play an important role in @entity1 . To better characterize the effect of LTD4 on @entity0 airways, normal, rhinitic, and @entity2 subjects underwent inhalation challenge tests with LTD4 and @entity3 . In all subjects increasing concentrations of LTD4 produced a parallel decrease in specific airway conductance and flow at 30% of vital capacity measured from a partial forced expiratory maneuver ( @entity5 ). These changes occurred independent of any decrease in FEV1 or increase in functional residual capacity. The airway response to LTD4 was maximal within 2 to 3 min, persisted for approximately 30 min, and resolved over 1 to 3 h. Late effects were not seen. Rhinitic subjects were 3 to 5 times (p less than 0.01) and @entity2 subjects were 25 to 100 times (p less than 0.001) more sensitive than were normal subjects to LTD4. All 3 groups of subjects were 250 to 850 times more sensitive to LTD4 than to @entity3 . Significant correlations were found between the concentration of LTD4 and the concentration of @entity3 that produced a 35% decrease in specific airway conductance (r = 0.874; p less than 0.006) and a 30% decrease in @entity5 (r = 0.751; p less than 0.04). These results confirm that LTD4 is a potent bronchoconstrictor in @entity0 , with a rapid onset of action and a prolonged effect. In contrast to previous reports, we found that LTD4 has an equal effect on both large and small airways and that both @entity2 and normal subjects have the same degree of increased sensitivity to LTD4 as to @entity3 .

title: The effect of inhaled leukotriene D4 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The Fc gamma receptor-associated gamma and zeta subunits contain a conserved cytoplasmic motif, termed the immunoglobulin gene @entity0 activation motif, which contains a pair of YXXL sequences. The @entity0 residues within these YXXL sequences have been shown to be required for transduction of a phagocytic signal. We have previously reported that the gamma subunit of the type IIIA Fc gamma receptor ( @entity2 ) is approximately 6 times more efficient in mediating phagocytosis than the zeta subunit of @entity2 . By exchanging regions of the cytoplasmic domains of the homologous gamma and zeta chains, we observed that the cytoplasmic area of the gamma chain bearing a pair of the conserved YXXL sequences is important in phagocytic signaling. Further specificity of phagocytic signaling is largely determined by the two internal XX @entity1 in the YXXL sequences. In contrast, the flanking @entity1 of the YXXL sequences including the seven intervening @entity1 between the two YXXL sequences do not significantly affect the phagocytic signal. Furthermore, the protein- @entity0 kinase @entity4 , but not the related kinase @entity3 , stimulated @entity2 -mediated phagocytosis. @entity3 , however, increased phagocytosis when coexpressed with the Src family kinase Fyn. These data demonstrate the importance of the two specific @entity1 within the gamma subunit YXXL cytoplasmic sequences in phagocytic signaling and explain the difference in phagocytic efficiency of the gamma and zeta chains. These results indicate the importance of @entity4 in @entity2 -mediated phagocytosis and demonstrate that @entity3 and @entity4 differ in their requirement for a Src-related kinase in signal transduction.

title: Determinants of the phagocytic signal mediated by the type IIIA Fc gamma receptor, @entity2 : sequence requirements and interaction with protein- XXXX kinases.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The Fc gamma receptor-associated gamma and zeta subunits contain a conserved cytoplasmic motif, termed the immunoglobulin gene @entity0 activation motif, which contains a pair of YXXL sequences. The @entity0 residues within these YXXL sequences have been shown to be required for transduction of a phagocytic signal. We have previously reported that the gamma subunit of the type IIIA Fc gamma receptor ( @entity2 ) is approximately 6 times more efficient in mediating phagocytosis than the zeta subunit of @entity2 . By exchanging regions of the cytoplasmic domains of the homologous gamma and zeta chains, we observed that the cytoplasmic area of the gamma chain bearing a pair of the conserved YXXL sequences is important in phagocytic signaling. Further specificity of phagocytic signaling is largely determined by the two internal XX @entity1 in the YXXL sequences. In contrast, the flanking @entity1 of the YXXL sequences including the seven intervening @entity1 between the two YXXL sequences do not significantly affect the phagocytic signal. Furthermore, the protein- @entity0 kinase @entity4 , but not the related kinase @entity3 , stimulated @entity2 -mediated phagocytosis. @entity3 , however, increased phagocytosis when coexpressed with the Src family kinase Fyn. These data demonstrate the importance of the two specific @entity1 within the gamma subunit YXXL cytoplasmic sequences in phagocytic signaling and explain the difference in phagocytic efficiency of the gamma and zeta chains. These results indicate the importance of @entity4 in @entity2 -mediated phagocytosis and demonstrate that @entity3 and @entity4 differ in their requirement for a Src-related kinase in signal transduction.

title: Determinants of the phagocytic signal mediated by the type IIIA Fc gamma receptor, XXXX : sequence requirements and interaction with protein- @entity0 kinases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The water-insoluble proteins from aged @entity0 lens are known to contain protein-bound chromophores that act as UVA senisitizers. The irradiation of a sonication-solubilized, water-insoluble fraction from @entity0 lenses (55-75 years) with UVA light (1.5 kJ/cm2, gamma > 338nm) caused an @entity1 -dependent photolysis of @entity10 , not seen when either alpha-crystallin or lysozyme were irradiated. The suggested requirement for active @entity1 species was consistent with a linear increase in @entity4 formation, which was also observed. A final concentration of 55 microM @entity5 was attained, with no @entity5 being detected in either dark-incubated controls or in irradiated samples of native proteins. The UVA-dependent @entity5 formation was increased 50% by @entity2 dismutase (SOD) and abolished by catalase, arguing for the initial generation of @entity2 anion. A linear photolysis of @entity11 and @entity10 was also seen; however, the addition of SOD or SOD and catalase had no effect on the photolytic destruction of either @entity6 . @entity2 dismutase increased the oxidation of protein SH groups implicating @entity5 , but SOD and catalase caused a decrease in SH oxidation only at later time periods. The direct addition of @entity5 to a water-insoluble sonicate supernatant fraction caused only a slight oxidation of SH groups, but this was increased four- to eight-fold when the protein was denatured in 4.0 M @entity9 . Overall, the data suggest a UVA-dependent oxidation of protein SH groups via @entity5 generated within the large protein aggregates of the water-insoluble fraction. These data also provide a mechanism for oxidation of the @entity7 -containing @entity8 in vivo--a process that is known to accompany the formation of age-onset @entity3 .

title: The generation of XXXX by the UVA irradiation of @entity0 lens proteins.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The water-insoluble proteins from aged @entity0 lens are known to contain protein-bound chromophores that act as UVA senisitizers. The irradiation of a sonication-solubilized, water-insoluble fraction from @entity0 lenses (55-75 years) with UVA light (1.5 kJ/cm2, gamma > 338nm) caused an @entity1 -dependent photolysis of @entity10 , not seen when either alpha-crystallin or lysozyme were irradiated. The suggested requirement for active @entity1 species was consistent with a linear increase in @entity4 formation, which was also observed. A final concentration of 55 microM @entity5 was attained, with no @entity5 being detected in either dark-incubated controls or in irradiated samples of native proteins. The UVA-dependent @entity5 formation was increased 50% by @entity2 dismutase (SOD) and abolished by catalase, arguing for the initial generation of @entity2 anion. A linear photolysis of @entity11 and @entity10 was also seen; however, the addition of SOD or SOD and catalase had no effect on the photolytic destruction of either @entity6 . @entity2 dismutase increased the oxidation of protein SH groups implicating @entity5 , but SOD and catalase caused a decrease in SH oxidation only at later time periods. The direct addition of @entity5 to a water-insoluble sonicate supernatant fraction caused only a slight oxidation of SH groups, but this was increased four- to eight-fold when the protein was denatured in 4.0 M @entity9 . Overall, the data suggest a UVA-dependent oxidation of protein SH groups via @entity5 generated within the large protein aggregates of the water-insoluble fraction. These data also provide a mechanism for oxidation of the @entity7 -containing @entity8 in vivo--a process that is known to accompany the formation of age-onset @entity3 .

title: The generation of @entity4 by the UVA irradiation of XXXX lens proteins.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The incidence of postoperative abdominal bulge, @entity1 , and the ability to do sit-ups was reviewed in a series of 268 @entity0 who had undergone free @entity2 (FTRAM) or conventional @entity2 (CTRAM) flap breast reconstruction. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. @entity0 were divided into four groups: unilateral FTRAM (FT1P; n = 123), double-pedicle bilateral FTRAM (FT2P; n = 45), single-pedicle CTRAM (CT1P; n = 40), and double-pedicle or bilateral CTRAM (CT2P; n = 60). The incidence of abdominal bulges (3.8 percent) and @entity1 (2.6 percent) was similar in the four groups. Synthetic mesh, however, was required for reinforcement of donor site closure twice as often in the CTRAM @entity0 . The ability to perform sit-ups was greatest in the FT1P group (63.0 percent), slightly lower in the CT1P group (57.1 percent), still lower in the FT2P group (46.2 percent), and lowest in the CT2P group (27.1 percent; p = 0.0005). @entity0 reconstructed with an FTRAM flap were more likely to be able to do sit-ups (58.3 percent) than were those reconstructed with a CTRAM flap (38.2 percent; p = 0.0074). @entity0 who had only one muscle pedicle used were more likely to be able to do sit-ups (61.7 percent) than were those who had two muscle pedicles used (35.6 percent; p = 0.0003). We conclude that the incidence of abdominal bulge or @entity1 is relatively independent of the type of @entity2 flap used and the number of muscle pedicles harvested. On the other hand, postoperative abdominal strength, as measured by the ability do sit-ups, is influenced significantly by both of these factors.

title: Abdominal wall strength, bulging, and @entity1 after XXXX flap breast reconstruction.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The incidence of postoperative abdominal bulge, @entity1 , and the ability to do sit-ups was reviewed in a series of 268 @entity0 who had undergone free @entity2 (FTRAM) or conventional @entity2 (CTRAM) flap breast reconstruction. Minimum follow-up was 6 months. @entity0 were divided into four groups: unilateral FTRAM (FT1P; n = 123), double-pedicle bilateral FTRAM (FT2P; n = 45), single-pedicle CTRAM (CT1P; n = 40), and double-pedicle or bilateral CTRAM (CT2P; n = 60). The incidence of abdominal bulges (3.8 percent) and @entity1 (2.6 percent) was similar in the four groups. Synthetic mesh, however, was required for reinforcement of donor site closure twice as often in the CTRAM @entity0 . The ability to perform sit-ups was greatest in the FT1P group (63.0 percent), slightly lower in the CT1P group (57.1 percent), still lower in the FT2P group (46.2 percent), and lowest in the CT2P group (27.1 percent; p = 0.0005). @entity0 reconstructed with an FTRAM flap were more likely to be able to do sit-ups (58.3 percent) than were those reconstructed with a CTRAM flap (38.2 percent; p = 0.0074). @entity0 who had only one muscle pedicle used were more likely to be able to do sit-ups (61.7 percent) than were those who had two muscle pedicles used (35.6 percent; p = 0.0003). We conclude that the incidence of abdominal bulge or @entity1 is relatively independent of the type of @entity2 flap used and the number of muscle pedicles harvested. On the other hand, postoperative abdominal strength, as measured by the ability do sit-ups, is influenced significantly by both of these factors.

title: Abdominal wall strength, bulging, and XXXX after @entity2 flap breast reconstruction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity9 occurring in Chinese has been inadequately described. Here we report 13 cases of this disease identified by review of 3,200 cerebral angiograms performed between August 1979 and March 1986. Nine were males and four were females; there were 12 adults (aged 34-51 years) and one @entity0 (aged 11 years). All had @entity1 with one exception, a @entity0 with an occipital @entity6 . @entity4 was noted by computed tomography in 10; five of these emanated from the caudate nucleus. A localized @entity7 without @entity4 was found in two. All 13 angiograms had smokelike basal anastomoses with various degrees of @entity5 or occlusion of the anterior portion of the circle of Willis; the involvement was bilateral in 12 and unilateral in one. @entity2 were found in two @entity0 , one in the anterior communicating artery and the other in the left anterior choroidal artery. Eleven @entity0 recovered from the initial @entity1 , but two died with recurrent @entity4 . This series differs from the series reported in Japan by the predominance of adult males. The high incidence of @entity4 and @entity8 is not in keeping with the previous Chinese series, in which @entity3 was suspected to be the major clinical manifestation.

title: XXXX in Taiwan.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Visceral sensations are an important component of many clinical @entity1 states. It is apparent that intrathecal @entity1 relief may be more effective if appropriate combinations of drugs rather than a single agent can be used. The purpose of this study was to examine the relative contribution of opioid receptor subtypes to visceral antinociception using @entity0 as a @entity3 model. METHODS: The minimum colorectal distending pressure necessary to evoke a visceromotor response (contraction of abdominal musculature) was determined before and after the administration of opioid agonists for the mu ( @entity2 ), delta ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5] @entity4 [DPDPE]), and kappa (U50,488H) opioid receptors. In addition to the three drugs administered intrathecally, U50, 488H was also administered intravenously. RESULTS: @entity2 and DPDPE produced a reversible increase in threshold for activation of the visceromotor response (50% maximum possible effect [MPE] at intrathecal doses of 2.2 and 16.4 micrograms, respectively). The maximum intrathecal dose of U50,488H (100 micrograms) produced only a 20% MPE. Intravenous U50,488H produced a 50% MPE at a dose of 2.6 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that spinal mu- and delta- but not kappa-opioid receptors have a significant role in the modulation of visceral nociception induced by @entity0 . In addition, the results indicate that activation of nonspinal kappa receptors may mediate visceral antinociception.

title: Contrasting actions of intrathecal U50,488H, @entity2 , or [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] @entity4 or intravenous U50,488H on the visceromotor response to XXXX in the rat.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Visceral sensations are an important component of many clinical @entity1 states. It is apparent that intrathecal @entity1 relief may be more effective if appropriate combinations of drugs rather than a single agent can be used. The purpose of this study was to examine the relative contribution of opioid receptor subtypes to visceral antinociception using @entity0 as a @entity3 model. METHODS: The minimum colorectal distending pressure necessary to evoke a visceromotor response (contraction of abdominal musculature) was determined before and after the administration of opioid agonists for the mu ( @entity2 ), delta ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5] @entity4 [DPDPE]), and kappa (U50,488H) opioid receptors. In addition to the three drugs administered intrathecally, U50, 488H was also administered intravenously. RESULTS: @entity2 and DPDPE produced a reversible increase in threshold for activation of the visceromotor response (50% maximum possible effect [MPE] at intrathecal doses of 2.2 and 16.4 micrograms, respectively). The maximum intrathecal dose of U50,488H (100 micrograms) produced only a 20% MPE. Intravenous U50,488H produced a 50% MPE at a dose of 2.6 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that spinal mu- and delta- but not kappa-opioid receptors have a significant role in the modulation of visceral nociception induced by @entity0 . In addition, the results indicate that activation of nonspinal kappa receptors may mediate visceral antinociception.

title: Contrasting actions of intrathecal U50,488H, @entity2 , or [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] XXXX or intravenous U50,488H on the visceromotor response to @entity0 in the rat.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Visceral sensations are an important component of many clinical @entity1 states. It is apparent that intrathecal @entity1 relief may be more effective if appropriate combinations of drugs rather than a single agent can be used. The purpose of this study was to examine the relative contribution of opioid receptor subtypes to visceral antinociception using @entity0 as a @entity3 model. METHODS: The minimum colorectal distending pressure necessary to evoke a visceromotor response (contraction of abdominal musculature) was determined before and after the administration of opioid agonists for the mu ( @entity2 ), delta ([D-Pen2, D-Pen5] @entity4 [DPDPE]), and kappa (U50,488H) opioid receptors. In addition to the three drugs administered intrathecally, U50, 488H was also administered intravenously. RESULTS: @entity2 and DPDPE produced a reversible increase in threshold for activation of the visceromotor response (50% maximum possible effect [MPE] at intrathecal doses of 2.2 and 16.4 micrograms, respectively). The maximum intrathecal dose of U50,488H (100 micrograms) produced only a 20% MPE. Intravenous U50,488H produced a 50% MPE at a dose of 2.6 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that spinal mu- and delta- but not kappa-opioid receptors have a significant role in the modulation of visceral nociception induced by @entity0 . In addition, the results indicate that activation of nonspinal kappa receptors may mediate visceral antinociception.

title: Contrasting actions of intrathecal U50,488H, XXXX , or [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] @entity4 or intravenous U50,488H on the visceromotor response to @entity0 in the rat.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: 1.   @entity3 is an effective treatment for primary @entity1 and @entity2 . The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of food on the pharmacokinetic properties and bioequivalence of the original, branded, formulation of @entity4 and a new generic formulation in healthy Chinese male subjects under fasting and fed conditions. 2.   Under fasting and fed conditions, 90% CIs of the geometric mean of generic/branded AUC0-48   h ratios were 92.2-102.4%, 93.1-104.5%, the ratios of ln(AUC0-   ) were 92.6-103.7%, 93.2-103.5%, and ln(Cmax) ratios were 90.7-110.3%, 84.7-100.8%, respectively. The generic and branded formulations were bioequivalent in terms of rate and extent of absorption under both the conditions. The average values of AUC0-48   h, AUC0-    and Cmax decreased noticeably following a high-fat breakfast. Values for AUC0-48   h were 87.69% and 83.7%, values for AUC0-    were 87.5% and 84.6%, and values for Cmax were 45.0% and 50.4% in subjects given the generic and branded preparations, respectively. The absorption of @entity4 tablets was delayed following a high-fat meal, with Tmax increasing by up to 2.43-fold. 3.   Both formulations were generally well tolerated, with no serious adverse reactions reported. The newly developed generic formulation may provide a reliable alternative to the branded tablets for @entity0 with primary @entity1 or @entity2 .

title: The effect of food on the pharmacokinetic properties and bioequivalence of two formulations of XXXX in healthy Chinese male subjects.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review evidence on genetic variants influencing outcomes during @entity2 therapy and provide practice recommendations addressing the key questions: (1) Should genetic testing be performed in @entity0 with an indication for @entity2 therapy to improve achievement of stable anticoagulation and reduce adverse effects? (2) Are there subgroups of @entity0 who may benefit more from genetic testing compared with others? (3) How should @entity0 with an indication for @entity2 therapy be managed based on their genetic test results? METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed for @entity3 and @entity4 and their association with @entity2 therapy. Evidence was critically appraised, and clinical practice recommendations were developed based on expert group consensus. RESULTS: Testing of @entity3 ( @entity6 ), @entity4 *2, and @entity4 *3 should be considered for all @entity0 , including pediatric @entity0 , within the first 2 weeks of therapy or after a @entity1 event. Testing for @entity4 *5, *6, *8, or *11 and @entity5 ( @entity7 ) is currently not recommended. Testing should also be considered for all @entity0 who are at increased risk of @entity1 complications, who consistently show out-of-range international normalized ratios, or suffer adverse events while receiving @entity2 . Genotyping results should be interpreted using a pharmacogenetic dosing algorithm to estimate the required dose. SIGNIFICANCE: This review provides the latest update on genetic markers for @entity2 therapy, clinical practice recommendations as a basis for informed decision making regarding the use of genotype-guided dosing in @entity0 with an indication for @entity2 therapy, and identifies knowledge gaps to guide future research.

title: Clinical Practice Recommendations on Genetic Testing of @entity4 and XXXX Variants in @entity2 Therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review evidence on genetic variants influencing outcomes during @entity2 therapy and provide practice recommendations addressing the key questions: (1) Should genetic testing be performed in @entity0 with an indication for @entity2 therapy to improve achievement of stable anticoagulation and reduce adverse effects? (2) Are there subgroups of @entity0 who may benefit more from genetic testing compared with others? (3) How should @entity0 with an indication for @entity2 therapy be managed based on their genetic test results? METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed for @entity3 and @entity4 and their association with @entity2 therapy. Evidence was critically appraised, and clinical practice recommendations were developed based on expert group consensus. RESULTS: Testing of @entity3 ( @entity6 ), @entity4 *2, and @entity4 *3 should be considered for all @entity0 , including pediatric @entity0 , within the first 2 weeks of therapy or after a @entity1 event. Testing for @entity4 *5, *6, *8, or *11 and @entity5 ( @entity7 ) is currently not recommended. Testing should also be considered for all @entity0 who are at increased risk of @entity1 complications, who consistently show out-of-range international normalized ratios, or suffer adverse events while receiving @entity2 . Genotyping results should be interpreted using a pharmacogenetic dosing algorithm to estimate the required dose. SIGNIFICANCE: This review provides the latest update on genetic markers for @entity2 therapy, clinical practice recommendations as a basis for informed decision making regarding the use of genotype-guided dosing in @entity0 with an indication for @entity2 therapy, and identifies knowledge gaps to guide future research.

title: Clinical Practice Recommendations on Genetic Testing of @entity4 and @entity3 Variants in XXXX Therapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review evidence on genetic variants influencing outcomes during @entity2 therapy and provide practice recommendations addressing the key questions: (1) Should genetic testing be performed in @entity0 with an indication for @entity2 therapy to improve achievement of stable anticoagulation and reduce adverse effects? (2) Are there subgroups of @entity0 who may benefit more from genetic testing compared with others? (3) How should @entity0 with an indication for @entity2 therapy be managed based on their genetic test results? METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed for @entity3 and @entity4 and their association with @entity2 therapy. Evidence was critically appraised, and clinical practice recommendations were developed based on expert group consensus. RESULTS: Testing of @entity3 ( @entity6 ), @entity4 *2, and @entity4 *3 should be considered for all @entity0 , including pediatric @entity0 , within the first 2 weeks of therapy or after a @entity1 event. Testing for @entity4 *5, *6, *8, or *11 and @entity5 ( @entity7 ) is currently not recommended. Testing should also be considered for all @entity0 who are at increased risk of @entity1 complications, who consistently show out-of-range international normalized ratios, or suffer adverse events while receiving @entity2 . Genotyping results should be interpreted using a pharmacogenetic dosing algorithm to estimate the required dose. SIGNIFICANCE: This review provides the latest update on genetic markers for @entity2 therapy, clinical practice recommendations as a basis for informed decision making regarding the use of genotype-guided dosing in @entity0 with an indication for @entity2 therapy, and identifies knowledge gaps to guide future research.

title: Clinical Practice Recommendations on Genetic Testing of XXXX and @entity3 Variants in @entity2 Therapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) runs a variable clinical course. Slow disease progression or even spontaneous remissions can be observed and suggest that the autoimmune process can, at least to a certain extent, be controlled by regulatory elements of the @entity0 's own immune system. In experimental @entity3 (EAH) spontaneous recovery is regularly observed and associated with antigen-specific and antigen-nonspecific suppression. The aim of the current study was to search for similar immunoregulatory phenomena in @entity0 with @entity3 . We examined T-cell reactivity to soluble human liver antigens in 11 @entity0 with active @entity3 and 30 @entity0 with other @entity2 ( @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity4 ). T-cell reactivity to liver antigens was almost exclusively confined to the @entity3 @entity0 . In 9 of these 11 @entity0 we were able to compare the T-cell response in active untreated disease, directly after initiation of immunosuppressive therapy and in remission, at which point T-cell reactivity was found to be markedly reduced. Addition of irradiated peripheral blood cells from the active disease phase or the remission phase to the responding cells taken before treatment showed that in eight of the nine @entity0 there was marked suppression of the liver-specific T-cell response by cells from the remission phase. Study of the in vivo immune responsiveness by giving a @entity1 toxoid booster immunization to nine @entity0 with active untreated @entity3 as well as healthy controls and @entity0 with other @entity2 showed that none of the @entity0 with @entity3 showed a response to the @entity1 immunization, whereas almost all the other @entity0 showed marked responses.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Evidence for spontaneous immunosuppression in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6 is a multi- @entity5 kinase inhibitor targeting @entity2 ( @entity2 ), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors. This phase II study was conducted to assess activity and tolerability of single-agent @entity6 in recurrent/persistent @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity0 had recurrent or persistent @entity4 after receiving one or two prior cytotoxic regimens, measurable disease, and Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) performance status of  <=2 ( <=1 if two prior cytotoxic regimens given). @entity6 30mg orally daily for a 28daycycle was administered until disease progression or prohibitive @entity3 . Microvessel density (MVD) was measured in @entity1 tissue from initial hysterectomy specimens and correlated with clinical outcome. Primary endpoints were @entity1 response and surviving progression-free for six months without subsequent therapy (6-month event-free survival [EFS]). RESULTS: Of 53 @entity0 enrolled, 48 were evaluable for @entity6 efficacy and @entity3 . Median age was 65.5 years, 52% of @entity0 had received prior radiation, and 73% of @entity0 received only one prior chemotherapy regimen. A partial response was observed in 12.5%. Fourteen @entity0 (29%) had six-month EFS. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.65 months and median overall survival (OS) 12.5 months. No grade 4 or 5 @entity3 were observed. A trend towards improved PFS was found in @entity0 whose @entity1 expressed high MVD. CONCLUSION: @entity6 as a monotherapy treatment for recurrent or persistent @entity4 is well tolerated and met protocol set objectives for sufficient activity to warrant further investigation. MVD may be a useful biomarker for activity.

title: A phase II evaluation of XXXX in the treatment of recurrent or persistent @entity4 : An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6 is a multi- @entity5 kinase inhibitor targeting @entity2 ( @entity2 ), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptors. This phase II study was conducted to assess activity and tolerability of single-agent @entity6 in recurrent/persistent @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity0 had recurrent or persistent @entity4 after receiving one or two prior cytotoxic regimens, measurable disease, and Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) performance status of  <=2 ( <=1 if two prior cytotoxic regimens given). @entity6 30mg orally daily for a 28daycycle was administered until disease progression or prohibitive @entity3 . Microvessel density (MVD) was measured in @entity1 tissue from initial hysterectomy specimens and correlated with clinical outcome. Primary endpoints were @entity1 response and surviving progression-free for six months without subsequent therapy (6-month event-free survival [EFS]). RESULTS: Of 53 @entity0 enrolled, 48 were evaluable for @entity6 efficacy and @entity3 . Median age was 65.5 years, 52% of @entity0 had received prior radiation, and 73% of @entity0 received only one prior chemotherapy regimen. A partial response was observed in 12.5%. Fourteen @entity0 (29%) had six-month EFS. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.65 months and median overall survival (OS) 12.5 months. No grade 4 or 5 @entity3 were observed. A trend towards improved PFS was found in @entity0 whose @entity1 expressed high MVD. CONCLUSION: @entity6 as a monotherapy treatment for recurrent or persistent @entity4 is well tolerated and met protocol set objectives for sufficient activity to warrant further investigation. MVD may be a useful biomarker for activity.

title: A phase II evaluation of @entity6 in the treatment of recurrent or persistent XXXX : An NRG Oncology/Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The clinical course of 37 @entity0 who underwent 46 liver transplantations for primary (n = 33) and secondary (n = 4) sclerosing @entity7 was reviewed. The median follow-up was 37 months. The @entity0 and graft survivals for @entity0 with @entity10 at 1, 2, and 5 years were 96.9%, 91.6%, 87.9%, and 83.1%, 74.2%, 65.2%, respectively. In the @entity0 with @entity10 ( @entity10 ), prior surgery except for simple cholecystectomy was associated with significantly greater operative time and @entity4 . No @entity5 was identified at the time of transplantation. Human leukocyte antigen typing for @entity10 @entity0 was heavily weighed toward B8 (58.8%) compared with control (11.8%). Sixty-two percent of @entity0 with @entity10 also had @entity2 . Moderate or severe rejection requiring OKT3, "rescue therapy" with @entity11 , or retransplantation was relatively higher in @entity0 with @entity2 (70%) versus @entity0 without @entity2 (36.4%) and a matched control group (37.5%). Progressive @entity2 was seen in 6 of 19 @entity0 , with 3 developing @entity1 and a @entity12 . Two @entity0 in the entire group died of @entity8 and 3 of @entity9 (2 recurrent and 1 primary). These data demonstrate that excellent survival results can be achieved in this group of @entity0 . Rejection is frequent and often severe and @entity3 refractory. @entity9 represents the most frequent cause of @entity6 in @entity10 @entity0 after liver transplantation and demands constant attention.

title: Liver transplantation for sclerosing XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: During the 1980s, the Colorado Department of Health received reports from several high-altitude communities of clusters of the @entity2 . In a population-based, case-control study, we examined the association between overall and trimester-specific maternal antenatal altitude exposure and the occurrence of @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: We identified case @entity0 through a statewide registry and randomly sampled control @entity0 from birth records. By telephone interview, each mother provided data on the locations of all antenatal residences and places of employment as well as other factors. Staff mapped all locations and abstracted the corresponding altitudes. RESULTS: The odds ratio (OR) of any @entity4 for a time-weighted mean antenatal altitude of > or = 2000 metres (high altitude) versus < 2000 metres (low altitude) was 1.4 (lower bound of the one-sided 95% test-based confidence interval (CI): 0.9). The OR was elevated in smokers but not in non-smokers. As compared to non-smokers, the OR of any @entity4 for @entity3 was 4.6 (lower bound of the 95% one-sided exact CI: 1.7). Particularly elevated were the corresponding OR of coronal (18.1, 4.4) and @entity1 (16.3, 2.8), and OR for high-altitude exposure during the second trimester (any @entity4 : 6.4, 1.99; coronal: 28.6, 6.1; metopic: 26.7, 4.1). CONCLUSIONS: Antenatal maternal high-altitude exposure and smoking are associated with increased risk of @entity0 @entity1 , perhaps through generation of intermittent hypoxaemia.

title: Increased risk of XXXX with higher antenatal maternal altitude.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasing numbers of total knee and hip arthroplasties result in a growing number of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). @entity6 with a stable stem component are treated commonly with plate osteosynthesis. Therefore plate failure is seen as a major complication. The aim of this retrospective study was to investigate the @entity0 ' outcome after plate failure. METHODS: The database of a Level 1 @entity2 center was searched for all @entity0 treated for a @entity6 with plate osteosynthesis. @entity0 with plate failure were investigated specifically. Standard demographic data, details on initial arthroplasty, @entity2 , and treatment were recorded for all @entity0 . All @entity3 were classified and their outcome reviewed. RESULTS: Seven (8.8%) out of 80 @entity0 treated with plate osteosynthesis following @entity6 met our inclusion criterion being plate failure. All these @entity0 were female, with an average age at primary surgery of 74        13 years and a mean follow-up of 885 days (range, 264-2549). Four @entity0 suffered a @entity6 after total hip arthroplasty (THA) (2 Vancouver Type B1 and 2 Type C) and three after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) (Lewis-Rorabeck Type II). Following plate failure, four @entity0 healed uneventfully and three @entity0 experienced complications such as @entity5 , @entity4 , and further plate failure. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with poor bone quality, bone graft, bone cement, and bone biologics have to be considered in revision surgery. Furthermore, long-stem revision and @entity1 prosthesis are an additional solution.

title: Plate failure following plate osteosynthesis in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: This study assessed urinary @entity2 coli antibiotic susceptibility patterns in Tasmania, Australia, and examined their association with community antibiotic use. The susceptibility profiles of all urinary @entity2 isolates collected in Tasmania between January 2010 and December 2012 were included. The amount of Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS)-subsidised use of @entity0 , @entity0 / @entity3 (AMC), @entity9 , @entity8 , @entity7 and @entity1 was retrieved (at the Tasmanian population level) and the number of defined daily doses per 1000 population per day in Tasmania for these antibiotics was calculated for each month during the study period. Antimicrobial susceptibility data were assessed for changes over time in the 3-year study period. Antimicrobial use and susceptibility data were assessed for seasonal differences and lag in resistance following antibiotic use. Excluding duplicates, 28145 @entity2 isolates were included. Resistance levels were low; 35% of isolates were non-susceptible to @entity0 , 14% were non-susceptible to @entity1 and <5% were non-susceptible to AMC, @entity9 , @entity4 and @entity8 . @entity0 use increased by 35% during winter/spring compared with summer/autumn, and AMC use increased by 21%. No seasonal variation in @entity5 use or resistance was detected. The low levels of antimicrobial resistance identified may relate to Tasmania's isolated geographical location. Significant seasonal variation in @entity0 and AMC use is likely to be due to increased use of these antibiotics for treatment of @entity6 in winter. @entity5 use is restricted by the PBS in Australia, which is the likely explanation for the low levels of @entity5 use and resistance identified.

title: Urinary XXXX coli antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and their relationship with community antibiotic use in Tasmania, Australia.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Proliferation of surviving @entity1 clonogens during a course of protracted radiation therapy may be a cause of @entity3 . The effect of total treatment time was analyzed retrospectively in relation to pelvic control and overall survival for @entity2 of the uterine cervix. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Two hundred and nine @entity0 (Stage IB-IIIB) treated with a combination of external beam and low dose rate intracavitary irradiation were evaluable for study. Multivariate analysis and Kaplan-Meier statistical methods were used to determine the effect of treatment time on pelvic control and survival at 5 years. RESULTS: The median treatment duration was 55 days. For all stages combined, the 5-year survival and pelvic control rates were significantly different with treatment times < 55 days vs. > or = 55 days: 65 and 54% (p = 0.03), 87 and 72% (p = 0.006), respectively. By stage, a shorter treatment duration (i.e., < 55 days vs. > or = 55 days) was significant for 5-year overall survival and pelvic control for Stages IB/IIA and III, but not for Stage IIB: Stage IB/IIA (81 and 67%, 96 and 84%), @entity1 (52 and 42%, 76 and 55%) and Stage IIB (43 and 50%, 74 and 80%, respectively). Survival decreased 0.6%/day and pelvic control decreased 0.7%/day for each additional day of treatment beyond 55 days for all stages of disease. Additionally, significant late complications were not influenced by treatment time. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that prolongation of treatment time is associated with decreased local control and survival in @entity0 with @entity3 . This is consistent with emerging data from other institutions. Therapeutic implications include avoidance of unnecessary treatment breaks, the design of fractionation schemes that decrease treatment duration, and possibly the use of @entity1 cytostatic drugs during conventional radiation.

title: The adverse effect of treatment prolongation in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 is produced by the larval stage of @entity7 ; it is a @entity5 which is seen rarely in @entity0 and has adverse outcomes. We report a case of advanced @entity1 with successful limb salvage surgery. Our @entity0 had a 5-year follow-up without recurrence which is a rarity as per the literature. Early diagnosis and prompt medical therapy are necessary for effective management whereas delayed diagnosis is always fraught with the risk of recurrence and @entity3 . CASE PRESENTATION: In 2009, a 30-year-old @entity0 , native of Karachi (Sindhi ethnicity), presented at our clinic with history of a pathological @entity2 11 years earlier. Her @entity2 was initially misdiagnosed and fixed. Subsequently she had persistent disease that progressed with time. Following this she underwent multiple surgeries and the diagnosis of hydatid disease was made but despite multiple debridements and medical therapy she was not cured and finally she was offered a hemipelvectomy (limb sacrifice). On presentation to our hospital she was counseled regarding options of hemipelvectomy versus a limb salvage form of modified internal hemipelvectomy and wide margin resection. She opted for limb salvage. She underwent internal hemipelvectomy with wide margin resection of soft tissue and proximal femur along with postoperative @entity4 therapy. She was able to walk again after a very long period. Currently she is 5-years postreconstructive surgery. She is infection free and ambulant without support. CONCLUSIONS: Hydatid @entity1 is a rare entity in our part of the world but a careful history and thorough look at the initial images of our @entity0 would have led to the suspicion of pathologic @entity2 and subsequent early diagnosis of this difficult problem. A second important learning point in this case was the lack of early referral to a center where this difficult problem could have been handled effectively. This could have minimized the physical, mental and financial stress to the @entity0 and her family.

title: Eradication of advanced XXXX after limb salvage surgery - 5-year follow-up: a case report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Released components of oral biomaterials can leach into the oral cavity and may subsequently reach the gastrointestinal tract. @entity5 (CQ) is the most common used photoinitiator in resinous restorative materials and is often combined with the co-initiator @entity9 ( @entity6 ). It has been shown that CQ exerts cytotoxic effects, at least partially due to the generation of reactive @entity2 species (ROS). Objective of this study was to examine the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of CQ in @entity0 oral keratinocytes (OKF6/TERT2) and immortalized epithelial @entity1 cells (Caco-2). Furthermore, the effects of visible-light irradiation and the co-initiator @entity6 were investigated as well as the generation of ROS, the potential protective effect of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) and a recovery period of CQ-treated Caco-2 cells. METHODS: The alkaline comet assay was used to determine DNA damage. Additionally, an enzyme modified comet assay was applied, which detects @entity7 ( @entity8 ), a reliable marker for oxidative stress. RESULTS: Our data revealed that high concentrations of CQ induced DNA lesions in OKF6/TERT2 cells. This DNA damage is at least partly caused by the generation of @entity8 . In addition, CQ and @entity6 increased ROS formation and induced DNA damage in Caco-2 cells. CQ-treatment resulted in generation of @entity8 . The antioxidant @entity4 efficiently prevented CQ-associated DNA damage. Furthermore, a recovery following CQ-treatment significantly reduced DNA damage. SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that CQ-induced DNA damage is caused by oxidative stress in oral and intestinal cells. These lesions can be prevented and possibly repaired by @entity4 -treatment and recovery of cells after the photoinitiator is removed from cultures.

title: Genotoxic effects of XXXX and @entity6 on @entity0 oral and intestinal cells.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Released components of oral biomaterials can leach into the oral cavity and may subsequently reach the gastrointestinal tract. @entity5 (CQ) is the most common used photoinitiator in resinous restorative materials and is often combined with the co-initiator @entity9 ( @entity6 ). It has been shown that CQ exerts cytotoxic effects, at least partially due to the generation of reactive @entity2 species (ROS). Objective of this study was to examine the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of CQ in @entity0 oral keratinocytes (OKF6/TERT2) and immortalized epithelial @entity1 cells (Caco-2). Furthermore, the effects of visible-light irradiation and the co-initiator @entity6 were investigated as well as the generation of ROS, the potential protective effect of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) and a recovery period of CQ-treated Caco-2 cells. METHODS: The alkaline comet assay was used to determine DNA damage. Additionally, an enzyme modified comet assay was applied, which detects @entity7 ( @entity8 ), a reliable marker for oxidative stress. RESULTS: Our data revealed that high concentrations of CQ induced DNA lesions in OKF6/TERT2 cells. This DNA damage is at least partly caused by the generation of @entity8 . In addition, CQ and @entity6 increased ROS formation and induced DNA damage in Caco-2 cells. CQ-treatment resulted in generation of @entity8 . The antioxidant @entity4 efficiently prevented CQ-associated DNA damage. Furthermore, a recovery following CQ-treatment significantly reduced DNA damage. SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that CQ-induced DNA damage is caused by oxidative stress in oral and intestinal cells. These lesions can be prevented and possibly repaired by @entity4 -treatment and recovery of cells after the photoinitiator is removed from cultures.

title: Genotoxic effects of @entity5 and XXXX on @entity0 oral and intestinal cells.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Released components of oral biomaterials can leach into the oral cavity and may subsequently reach the gastrointestinal tract. @entity5 (CQ) is the most common used photoinitiator in resinous restorative materials and is often combined with the co-initiator @entity9 ( @entity6 ). It has been shown that CQ exerts cytotoxic effects, at least partially due to the generation of reactive @entity2 species (ROS). Objective of this study was to examine the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of CQ in @entity0 oral keratinocytes (OKF6/TERT2) and immortalized epithelial @entity1 cells (Caco-2). Furthermore, the effects of visible-light irradiation and the co-initiator @entity6 were investigated as well as the generation of ROS, the potential protective effect of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) and a recovery period of CQ-treated Caco-2 cells. METHODS: The alkaline comet assay was used to determine DNA damage. Additionally, an enzyme modified comet assay was applied, which detects @entity7 ( @entity8 ), a reliable marker for oxidative stress. RESULTS: Our data revealed that high concentrations of CQ induced DNA lesions in OKF6/TERT2 cells. This DNA damage is at least partly caused by the generation of @entity8 . In addition, CQ and @entity6 increased ROS formation and induced DNA damage in Caco-2 cells. CQ-treatment resulted in generation of @entity8 . The antioxidant @entity4 efficiently prevented CQ-associated DNA damage. Furthermore, a recovery following CQ-treatment significantly reduced DNA damage. SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that CQ-induced DNA damage is caused by oxidative stress in oral and intestinal cells. These lesions can be prevented and possibly repaired by @entity4 -treatment and recovery of cells after the photoinitiator is removed from cultures.

title: Genotoxic effects of @entity5 and @entity6 on XXXX oral and intestinal cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Surgical repair of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in childhood is a well-established procedure. Previously used operative techniques to correct @entity1 were largely based on the Ravitch technique. Since about 10 years, the minimally invasive repair (MIRPE) by Nuss is well established. Conservative treatment with the vacuum bell to elevate the funnel in @entity0 with @entity1 represents a potential alternative to surgery in selected @entity0 . METHODS: A suction cup is used to create a vacuum at the anterior chest wall. Three different sizes of vacuum bell exist which are selected according to the individual @entity0 age. When creating the vacuum, the lift of the sternum is obvious and remains for a different time period. The device should be used for a minimum of 30 min (twice/day), and may be used up to a maximum of several hours daily. RESULTS: One hundred and thirty-three @entity0 (110 males, 23 females) aged from 3 to 61 years (median 16.21 years) used the vacuum bell for 1 to a maximum of 36 months. Computed tomographic scans showed that the device lifted the sternum and ribs immediately. In addition, this was confirmed thoracoscopically during the MIRPE procedure. One hundred and five @entity0 showed a permanent lift of the sternum for more than 1 cm after 3 months of daily application. Thirteen @entity0 stopped the application and underwent MIRPE. Relevant side effects were not noted. CONCLUSION: The vacuum bell has proved to be an alternative therapeutic option in selected @entity0 suffering from @entity1 . The initial results proved to be dramatic, but long-term results are so far lacking, and further evaluation and follow-up studies are necessary.

title: The vacuum bell for conservative treatment of XXXX : the Basle experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Evaluation of body mass index (BMI) at final height (FH) and annual BMI increase in adult childhood @entity0 survivors (CCS) after treatment with @entity4 , @entity2 , and/or radiotherapy. METHODS: BMI (weight/height  ) was calculated retrospectively from diagnosis until FH. The prevalence of underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2)) and overweight (BMI >=  25 kg/m(2))/ @entity1 (BMI >=  30 kg/m(2)) at FH was compared with age-matched controls. The association between underweight/overweight at FH and treatment was assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Annual BMI increase after treatment was assessed by multilevel analysis. Analyses were adjusted for age and underweight/overweight at diagnosis, and age at FH. RESULTS: At FH the prevalence of overweight had not increased, while CCS experienced more underweight as compared to controls (14% vs. 4%, P < 0.001). Overweight at FH was associated with cranial/craniospinal radiotherapy (CRT; OR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.17-4.26) and underweight at FH with @entity4 > 300 mg/m(2) (OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.33-6.06). Annual BMI increase was +0.47 (0.34-0.60) kg/m(2)/year. In CCS, the annual BMI increase was greater in those with CRT >=  30 Gy as compared with those with less or no CRT (+0.15 kg/m(2)/year [0.04-0.25 kg/m(2)/year], P = 0.008) and smaller in those with a higher cumulative @entity3 dose (-0.03 kg/m(2)/year [-0.05 to -0.0005 kg/m(2)/year] per 100 mg/m(2), P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: After treatment with @entity4 , @entity2 , and/or radiotherapy, CRT-treated survivors have more overweight at FH, and a greater annual BMI increase, while @entity3 -treated survivors have more underweight at FH and a lower annual BMI increase.

title: Body mass index and annual increase of body mass index in long-term childhood XXXX survivors; relationship to treatment.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is a proximal @entity2 . We investigated whether exercise training is a safe and useful adjuvant therapy for adult Pompe @entity0 , receiving enzyme replacement therapy. METHODS: Training comprised 36 sessions of standardized aerobic, resistance and core stability exercises over 12  weeks. Before and after, the primary outcome measures safety, endurance (aerobic exercise capacity and distance walked on the 6  min walk test) and muscle strength, and secondary outcome measures core stability, muscle function and body composition, were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 25 @entity0 enrolled, 23 successfully completed the training. Improvements in endurance were shown by increases in maximum workload capacity (110  W before to 122  W after training, [95  % CI of the difference 6        0 to 19        7]), maximal @entity1 uptake capacity (69        4  % and 75        9  % of normal, [2        5 to 10        4]), and maximum walking distance (6  min walk test: 492 meters and 508, [-4        4 to 27        7] ). There were increases in muscle strength of the hip flexors (156        4  N to 180        7  N [1        6 to 13        6) and shoulder abductors (143        1  N to 150        7  N [13        2 to 35        2]). As an important finding in secondary outcome measures the number of @entity0 who were able to perform the core stability exercises rose, as did the core stability balancing time (p   <   0.05, for all four exercises). Functional tests showed small reductions in the time needed to climb four steps (2        4  sec to 2        1, [- 0        54 to -0        04 ]) and rise to standing position (5        8  sec to 4        8, [-2        0 to 0        0]), while time to run, the quick motor function test results and body composition remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that a combination of aerobic, strength and core stability exercises is feasible, safe and beneficial to adults with @entity3 .

title: Safety and efficacy of exercise training in adults with XXXX : evalution of endurance, muscle strength and core stability before and after a 12  week training program.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The main goal of the present study was to examine the possibility of electrophysiologically identifying the excitable enteric S and @entity1 neurons by use of one single criterion. Intracellular recordings were made from 189 cells of 64 ganglia in isolated preparations of the myenteric plexus of the @entity0 distal ileum. The recordings were made under visual control of the cells by using Hoffman Modulation Contrast optics at high magnification (600x). From photomicrographs, the soma size and the location within the ganglion of the individual (unstained) cells were determined. The cells were classified into three types according to their electrical excitability and the shape of the action potential. Excitable cells were classified as @entity1 cells (n = 84) if the action potential showed a shoulder on the falling phase, otherwise as S cells (n = 56). Cells in which no action potential could be evoked by current injection were classified as nonspiking (NS) cells (n = 49). The three classes of cells showed significant differences with respect to membrane potential, input resistance and fast synaptic input. The @entity1 cells had significantly larger somata (P < 0.01) than the S cells. The NS cells were significantly smaller than the @entity1 and S cells (P < 0.01). @entity1 and S cells were found to be randomly located in the ganglia, whereas the NS cells clustered (P < 0.008) in close proximity to the onsets of internodal strands. We conclude that the shoulder of the action potential can be used as a single criterion to distinguish "on line" S and @entity1 neurons unequivocally.

title: Somal size and location within the ganglia for electrophysiologically identified myenteric neurons of the XXXX ileum.

answer: @entity0


abstract: One thousand three hundred and seventy-five (1375) @entity0 , who were vaccinated against Rabies with Purified @entity1 Embryo Cell (PCEC) vaccine from 1984 to 1993, were included in this ten-year longitudinal study, conducted to observe the consistency, immunogenicity, inocuity, safety and efficacy of PCEC vaccine under controlled trial and field conditions. The study period was divided into three phases. Phases I and II covered the premarketing controlled trial and Phase III the post-marketing serosurveillance study of the vaccine. During Phase I, fifteen healthy volunteers were given a pre-exposure regime of vaccine on Day 0, 7 and 21, and the rest 15, simulated post-exposure regime on Day 0, 3, 7, 14, 30 and 90. All the subjects had satisfactory antirabies antibody response with mean titres, of 7.08 and 5.72 I.U./ml respectively, and minimal side reactions. In the Phase II, from 1984-85, 56 @entity0 with proven rabid animal bites were given post-exposure vaccination and all had satisfactory antibody titres with mean titre of 4.45 I.U./ml after 6th dose of vaccine and with minimal side reactions. 19 to 36 months follow up after vaccination revealed no vaccine failures. In the Phase III post-marketing field study conducted from 1985 to 1993, 1289 @entity0 reported to our Centre for consulation and antirabies antibody titre estimation following PCEC vaccination. One thousand two hundred and fifty-two (1252) @entity0 took post-exposure vaccination following bites by rabid animals, contact with an @entity2 @entity0 and 37 high risk personnel took pre-exposure vaccination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Ten year longitudinal study of efficacy and safety of purified XXXX embryo cell vaccine for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis of rabies in Indian population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) is characterized by neoangiogenesis and @entity3 . Increased @entity1 is the leading cause of @entity9 . In turn, neoangiogenesis is both a consequence of and contributor to @entity1 . The effects of @entity8 , a multitargeted receptor @entity6 kinase inhibitor, have been postulated in various antiangiogenesis, antiinflammatory and antifibrotic processes both in vitro and in vivo. This novel angiogenesis inhibitor, Sutent ( @entity8 ), was investigated in our @entity2 @entity9 model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty nonuremic @entity2 albino @entity2 were divided into 4 groups as follows: 2-mL isotonic saline intraperitoneally (i.p.) daily, for 3 weeks (control group); daily 2 ml/200 g injection i.p. of @entity10 (0.1%) and @entity7 (15%) dissolved in saline, 3 weeks (CG group); CG + additional 3 weeks without any treatment, total 6 weeks (resting group); and CG + additional 3 weeks 1 mg/kg daily Sutent (SUT) in drinking water, total 6 weeks (SUT group). At the end of the study, 1-hour PET was performed. Functional parameters and morphological changes of peritoneum with dialysate cytokine levels were examined. RESULTS: SUT renewed ultrafiltration failure, D1/D0 @entity4 levels and dialysate protein loss. Peritoneal thickness, white blood cell count and @entity1 of peritoneum were also decreased with SUT treatment. SUT significantly improved overexpression of @entity5 and @entity11 ( @entity11 ) levels as compared with resting group. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, SUT might preserve membrane viability even at lower dosages. Although this is an experimental study, we believe that SUT after controlled trials may be a therapeutic agent for long-term peritoneal dialysis @entity0 .

title: A novel angiogenesis inhibitor, XXXX , in encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis.

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: Ureteroarterial @entity2 can be treated with open vascular or percutaneous arterial stent placement. We compared the long-term outcomes of each treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A single center, retrospective review of @entity2 (1996 to 2008) was performed. RESULTS: We identified 20 @entity2 in 19 @entity0 . All @entity0 had undergone extirpative surgery with pelvic radiation in 74% and long-term ureteral stents in 84%. At a mean followup of 15.5 months (range 1 to 99) survival was 53%. Of the 70% (14 of 20) treated with percutaneous @entity3 stenting or embolization, 2 @entity0 later required open vascular graft and 12 were treated with long-term ureteral stenting. Of the 30% (6 of 20) of @entity0 treated with open surgical repair or bypass 2 required bypass revision and/or thrombectomy, and 4 had concomitant ureteral ligation or nephrectomy. Despite undergoing anticoagulation 10 @entity0 (53%) experienced lower extremity morbidity including ulceration, @entity1 and amputation. In each treatment group 2 @entity0 had recurrent @entity4 requiring a secondary procedure, leading to death in 2 for an overall 10% acute mortality rate. Overall noncause specific mortality of @entity2 was 47% and 10% to 20% was related to the @entity2 or treatment complications. CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular stenting is increasingly used in lieu of open techniques due to the high operative risk and comorbidities in @entity0 with @entity2 . This retrospective review fails to identify a clear advantage for endovascular or open vascular surgical management. Thus, endovascular stenting is preferred in most cases. Regardless of therapy, @entity0 are at risk for recurrent @entity4 , lower extremity complications and stent/graft complications. The use of antibiotics and long-term anticoagulant therapy appear prudent but not proved.

title: Ureteroarterial XXXX treatment with open surgery versus endovascular management: long-term outcomes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 prevention depends on the accurate differentiation of surgically treatable @entity2 from total occlusions of the internal carotid artery. This prospective study was undertaken to review the accuracy of colorflow duplex scanning for identifying carotid string signs, @entity2 (95% to 99% stenoses), and @entity3 of the internal carotid artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Over an 18-month period, 4,362 @entity0 underwent color-flow duplex scanning of the carotid arteries. Angiograms of 596 internal carotid arteries were available for comparison with the duplex scan findings. Total occlusion was diagnosed by the absence of flow in internal carotid arteries visualized on B-mode scanning. @entity2 were identified by a trickle of flow in the vessel lumen. RESULTS: Of 65 color-flow duplex scans that predicted @entity3 , 64 (98%) were confirmed by angiography. The negative predictive value for @entity3 was 99%. Twenty-six (87%) of 30 string signs and focal 95% to 99% stenoses were correctly identified. Color-flow scanning prediction of @entity2 was accurate in 84% of 31 cases. Low velocities in the internal carotid artery were usually associated with a string sign, and high velocities with a focal @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Color-flow duplex scanning accurately differentiates between stenotic and totally occluded internal carotid arteries. Identification of @entity2 is not as accurate but the results are promising. Arteriographic confirmation of duplex scan findings is necessary only when scans are equivocal.

title: Detection of XXXX , string sign, and preocclusive stenosis of the internal carotid artery by color-flow duplex scanning.

answer: @entity3