abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence, @entity5 associations, microbiological profile, and clinical course of @entity0 after implantation of the Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (KPro-1). METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all cases of the KPro-1 performed at a tertiary eye care center between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2014. RESULTS: Seventy-five KPro-1 procedures were included in the analysis. @entity0 occurred in 13 eyes (17.3%) with an incidence of 0.064 cases per eye-year. The Kaplan-Meier probability of an infection-free graft was 0.96, 0.90, 0.88, 0.87, and 0.86 at years 1 through 5, respectively. The rate of infections was greater in eyes with @entity5 (26.3% vs. 8.1%, P = 0.06), especially in those with a history of @entity1 (P = 0.001). There were 8 cases (10.7%) of @entity4 due to either fungi (5 cases) or bacteria (3 cases). There were 7 cases (9.3%) of @entity6 due to bacteria (5 cases) or intraocular extension of @entity3 (2 cases). The incidence of @entity4 and @entity6 was 0.034 and 0.03 cases per eye-year, respectively. Therapeutic management of the @entity7 required graft and device removal in 7 eyes (53.8%). After completion of microbiologic treatment, 7 eyes (53.8%) had lost more than 2 lines of the best-corrected preinfection visual acuity, including 5 eyes with @entity6 that @entity2 or worse. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 are a serious issue that compromises device retention and visual outcomes after keratoprosthesis implantation.

title: Microbial @entity4 and XXXX After the Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence, @entity5 associations, microbiological profile, and clinical course of @entity0 after implantation of the Boston type 1 keratoprosthesis (KPro-1). METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all cases of the KPro-1 performed at a tertiary eye care center between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2014. RESULTS: Seventy-five KPro-1 procedures were included in the analysis. @entity0 occurred in 13 eyes (17.3%) with an incidence of 0.064 cases per eye-year. The Kaplan-Meier probability of an infection-free graft was 0.96, 0.90, 0.88, 0.87, and 0.86 at years 1 through 5, respectively. The rate of infections was greater in eyes with @entity5 (26.3% vs. 8.1%, P = 0.06), especially in those with a history of @entity1 (P = 0.001). There were 8 cases (10.7%) of @entity4 due to either fungi (5 cases) or bacteria (3 cases). There were 7 cases (9.3%) of @entity6 due to bacteria (5 cases) or intraocular extension of @entity3 (2 cases). The incidence of @entity4 and @entity6 was 0.034 and 0.03 cases per eye-year, respectively. Therapeutic management of the @entity7 required graft and device removal in 7 eyes (53.8%). After completion of microbiologic treatment, 7 eyes (53.8%) had lost more than 2 lines of the best-corrected preinfection visual acuity, including 5 eyes with @entity6 that @entity2 or worse. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 are a serious issue that compromises device retention and visual outcomes after keratoprosthesis implantation.

title: Microbial XXXX and @entity6 After the Boston Type 1 Keratoprosthesis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The objective of this study was to review the published literature to evaluate treatment success with zygomatic implants in @entity0 with @entity3 . Studies from 1987 to 2010 were reviewed. In each study, the following were assessed: indications for treatment, number of @entity0 , number of implants, length and diameter of the implants, surgical technique, prosthetic rehabilitation, success rate, complications, and @entity0 satisfaction. Sixteen studies were included, with a total of 941 zygomatic implants placed in 486 @entity0 . The follow-up periods ranged from 12 to 120 months. Three different surgical techniques were used to place zygomatic implants: intrasinus implants with the classic sinus window technique, the sinus slot technique, and extrasinus zygomatic implants. The most common restoration used was fixed prosthesis, with either delayed loading after 3-6 months (89%-100% success) or immediate loading (96.37%-100% success). The weighted average success rate was 97.05%, and the most frequent complication was @entity2 . The general level of @entity0 satisfaction was high. Zygomatic implants have a high success rate and constitute a suitable alternative to treat severe posterior maxillary @entity1 .

title: Rehabilitation of XXXX with zygomatic implants: review.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: management of @entity1 in @entity10 is still a challenge. Corticosteroids and @entity3 agents, as well as evisceration and enucleation, are some of the strategies employed so far that are not always effective and, depending on the strategy, cause a deep emotional shock to the @entity0 . Given these issues, the aim of this case report is to demonstrate a new and viable option for the management of such @entity1 by treating the @entity10 with the stellate @entity4 technique, a procedure that has never been described in the literature for this purpose. CASE REPORT: six @entity0 with @entity10 , all caused by @entity5 , were treated; in these @entity0 , VAS (visual analogue scale for @entity1 assessment, in which 0 is the absence of @entity1 and 10 is the worst @entity1 ever experienced) ranged from 7 to 10. We opted for weekly sessions of stellate @entity4 with 4mL of @entity7 (0.5%) without vasoconstrictor and @entity6 1mcg/kg. Four @entity0 had excellent results at VAS, ranging between 0 and 3, and two remained asymptomatic (VAS=0), without the need for additional medication. The other two used @entity9 300mg every 12h. CONCLUSION: currently, there are several therapeutic options for the treatment of @entity10 , among which stand out the retrobulbar blocks with @entity8 , @entity2 and @entity11 . However, an effective strategy with low rate of serious complications, which is non-mutilating and improves the quality of life of the @entity0 , is essential. Then, stellate @entity4 arises as a demonstrably viable and promising option to meet this demand.

title: Treatment of @entity0 with XXXX using stellate @entity4 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: management of @entity1 in @entity10 is still a challenge. Corticosteroids and @entity3 agents, as well as evisceration and enucleation, are some of the strategies employed so far that are not always effective and, depending on the strategy, cause a deep emotional shock to the @entity0 . Given these issues, the aim of this case report is to demonstrate a new and viable option for the management of such @entity1 by treating the @entity10 with the stellate @entity4 technique, a procedure that has never been described in the literature for this purpose. CASE REPORT: six @entity0 with @entity10 , all caused by @entity5 , were treated; in these @entity0 , VAS (visual analogue scale for @entity1 assessment, in which 0 is the absence of @entity1 and 10 is the worst @entity1 ever experienced) ranged from 7 to 10. We opted for weekly sessions of stellate @entity4 with 4mL of @entity7 (0.5%) without vasoconstrictor and @entity6 1mcg/kg. Four @entity0 had excellent results at VAS, ranging between 0 and 3, and two remained asymptomatic (VAS=0), without the need for additional medication. The other two used @entity9 300mg every 12h. CONCLUSION: currently, there are several therapeutic options for the treatment of @entity10 , among which stand out the retrobulbar blocks with @entity8 , @entity2 and @entity11 . However, an effective strategy with low rate of serious complications, which is non-mutilating and improves the quality of life of the @entity0 , is essential. Then, stellate @entity4 arises as a demonstrably viable and promising option to meet this demand.

title: Treatment of @entity0 with @entity10 using stellate XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: management of @entity1 in @entity10 is still a challenge. Corticosteroids and @entity3 agents, as well as evisceration and enucleation, are some of the strategies employed so far that are not always effective and, depending on the strategy, cause a deep emotional shock to the @entity0 . Given these issues, the aim of this case report is to demonstrate a new and viable option for the management of such @entity1 by treating the @entity10 with the stellate @entity4 technique, a procedure that has never been described in the literature for this purpose. CASE REPORT: six @entity0 with @entity10 , all caused by @entity5 , were treated; in these @entity0 , VAS (visual analogue scale for @entity1 assessment, in which 0 is the absence of @entity1 and 10 is the worst @entity1 ever experienced) ranged from 7 to 10. We opted for weekly sessions of stellate @entity4 with 4mL of @entity7 (0.5%) without vasoconstrictor and @entity6 1mcg/kg. Four @entity0 had excellent results at VAS, ranging between 0 and 3, and two remained asymptomatic (VAS=0), without the need for additional medication. The other two used @entity9 300mg every 12h. CONCLUSION: currently, there are several therapeutic options for the treatment of @entity10 , among which stand out the retrobulbar blocks with @entity8 , @entity2 and @entity11 . However, an effective strategy with low rate of serious complications, which is non-mutilating and improves the quality of life of the @entity0 , is essential. Then, stellate @entity4 arises as a demonstrably viable and promising option to meet this demand.

title: Treatment of XXXX with @entity10 using stellate @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mucoactive effects of hypertonic saline should promote exacerbation resolution in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of hypertonic saline inhalation during hospitalisation for exacerbation of @entity2 on length of stay, lung function, symptoms, oxygenation, exercise tolerance, quality of life, bacterial load and time to next hospitalisation. METHODS: 132 adults with an exacerbation of @entity2 were randomised to inhale three nebulised doses a day of either 4   @entity5 % saline or a taste-masked control of 0.12% saline, throughout the hospital admission. The primary outcome measure was length of hospital stay. RESULTS: All @entity0 tolerated their allocated saline solution. There was no significant difference in length of stay, which was 12   days in the hypertonic saline group and 13   days in controls, with a @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of 1   day (95% CI 0 to 2). The likelihood of regaining pre-exacerbation FEV1 by discharge was significantly higher in the hypertonic saline group (75% vs 57%), and the number needed to treat was 6 (95% CI 3 to 65). On a 0-100 scale, the hypertonic saline group had significantly greater reduction in symptom severity than the control group at discharge in sleep ( @entity3 =13, 95% CI 4 to 23), @entity1 ( @entity3 =10, 95% CI 3 to 18) and dyspnoea ( @entity3 =8, 95% CI 1 to 16). No significant difference in time to next hospitalisation for a pulmonary exacerbation was detected between groups (HR=0.86 (CI 0.57 to 1.30), p=0.13). Other outcomes did not significantly differ. CONCLUSIONS: Addition of hypertonic saline to the management of a @entity2 exacerbation did not reduce the length of hospital stay. @entity4 saline speeds the resolution of exacerbation symptoms and allows @entity0 to leave hospital with greater symptom resolution. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12605000780651.

title: A randomised trial of hypertonic saline during hospitalisation for exacerbation of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Sensitization to perennial aeroallergens correlates with the risk of persistent @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity0 . In tropical Singapore, multiple codominant species of mites abound in the indoor environment, and preferential species-specific sensitization has been associated with different phenotypes of @entity1 . We investigated the pattern of mite component-specific IgE (mcsIgE) in @entity0 with different phenotypes of @entity1 in an environment with multiple mite species exposure. A prospective evaluation of newly diagnosed @entity0 with clinical diagnosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), or @entity3 and sensitization to one or more aeroallergens were performed. Sera were tested for specific IgE against an extensive panel of @entity5 and Blomia tropicalis allergens. A total of 253 @entity0 were included, mean age 7.3 yr, 79% fulfilled criteria for @entity4 , 46% @entity3 , 71% @entity2 , and 31% for all three. Sensitization to one or both mites was observed in 91% of @entity0 , 89% were sensitized to @entity5 , and 70% to B. tropicalis. The most common mite allergens recognized by these atopic @entity0 were Der p 1 (64%), Der p 2 (71%), Blo t 5 (45%), Blo t 7 (44%), and Blo t 21 (56%). Specific IgE responses to an increased number of distinct mite allergens correlated with the complexity of the @entity1 phenotype. In multivariate analysis, an increased risk for the multi-systemic phenotype ( @entity4 + @entity3 + @entity2 ) was associated with sensitization to an increased repertoire of mite components (three or more) (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.1-8.8, p = 0.001) and a positive parental history of @entity3 (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.2-2.9, p = 0.013). A highly pleiomorphic IgE response to the prevalent indoor mites is associated with the presence of a multi-systemic @entity1 phenotype in childhood in a tropical environment.

title: Mite component-specific IgE repertoire and phenotypes of XXXX in childhood: the tropical perspective.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 hoping to preserve their fertility receive conservative treatment with high-dose @entity7 ( @entity4 ) for well-differentiated @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or @entity3 ( @entity3 ) . Such treatment generally involves frequent intrauterine operations, including dilation and curettage (D_C) and endometrial biopsy (EMB), which could result in @entity6 , endometrial thinning, or intrauterine adhesion. In turn, any of these outcomes could adversely affect implantation and pregnancy development. The current study thus aimed to identify factors that might affect pregnancy following conservative treatment by @entity4 . METHODS: We compared a pregnancy group (45 @entity0 ) with a non-pregnancy group (53 @entity0 ) of @entity4 -treated @entity0 to evaluate the factors affecting clinical pregnancy establishment. We undertook a multivariate logistic regression analysis based on factors shown by univariate analysis to be significantly different between the groups. Univariate analysis identified number of D_C, endometrial thickness, duration of @entity4 administration, age of pregnancy permission (the age at which a @entity0 was first allowed to attempt pregnancy after disappearance of the lesion), period of disappearance of lesions, and recurrence as independent variables. RESULTS: The odds ratios (95  % confidence interval) of multivariate analysis for disease recurrence, @entity2 , and age of pregnancy permission were 0.283 (0.102-0.785), 1.677 (1.251-2.248), and 0.889 (0.792-0.998), respectively. There was no significant difference in the other independent variables between groups. CONCLUSIONS: We identified three factors considered to affect pregnancy establishment following conservative treatment with @entity4 : recurrence, @entity2 , and the age of the pregnancy permission. Introduction of infertility treatment including assisted reproductive technology (ART) soon after achieving @entity1 disappearance by @entity4 would therefore be beneficial for @entity0 with disease recurrence, thin endometrium, or a higher age of pregnancy permission.

title: Factors affecting pregnancy outcomes in young @entity0 treated with fertility-preserving therapy for well-differentiated endometrial cancer or XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 hoping to preserve their fertility receive conservative treatment with high-dose @entity7 ( @entity4 ) for well-differentiated @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or @entity3 ( @entity3 ) . Such treatment generally involves frequent intrauterine operations, including dilation and curettage (D_C) and endometrial biopsy (EMB), which could result in @entity6 , endometrial thinning, or intrauterine adhesion. In turn, any of these outcomes could adversely affect implantation and pregnancy development. The current study thus aimed to identify factors that might affect pregnancy following conservative treatment by @entity4 . METHODS: We compared a pregnancy group (45 @entity0 ) with a non-pregnancy group (53 @entity0 ) of @entity4 -treated @entity0 to evaluate the factors affecting clinical pregnancy establishment. We undertook a multivariate logistic regression analysis based on factors shown by univariate analysis to be significantly different between the groups. Univariate analysis identified number of D_C, endometrial thickness, duration of @entity4 administration, age of pregnancy permission (the age at which a @entity0 was first allowed to attempt pregnancy after disappearance of the lesion), period of disappearance of lesions, and recurrence as independent variables. RESULTS: The odds ratios (95  % confidence interval) of multivariate analysis for disease recurrence, @entity2 , and age of pregnancy permission were 0.283 (0.102-0.785), 1.677 (1.251-2.248), and 0.889 (0.792-0.998), respectively. There was no significant difference in the other independent variables between groups. CONCLUSIONS: We identified three factors considered to affect pregnancy establishment following conservative treatment with @entity4 : recurrence, @entity2 , and the age of the pregnancy permission. Introduction of infertility treatment including assisted reproductive technology (ART) soon after achieving @entity1 disappearance by @entity4 would therefore be beneficial for @entity0 with disease recurrence, thin endometrium, or a higher age of pregnancy permission.

title: Factors affecting pregnancy outcomes in young XXXX treated with fertility-preserving therapy for well-differentiated endometrial cancer or @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivity of stimulating the plantar and dorsal hindpaw surfaces in the detection of mechanical @entity4 and @entity2 @entity3 . BACKGROUND: Several approaches are used to assess nociceptive reactivity to mechanical stimulation in animal models of @entity1 . Although certain techniques seem to be favored for studying specific nociceptive conditions, the differences between techniques have not been directly compared and characterized. We chose to compare methods employing stimulation applied to the dorsum of the paw with stimulation of the plantar surface to demonstrate the utility of each approach in determining baseline nociceptive thresholds, changes in those thresholds after injury, and analgesic efficacy. METHODS: Withdrawal thresholds from mechanical stimulation applied to the dorsal and plantar surface of the hindpaw were measured in @entity0 treated with @entity2 after receiving subcutaneous injections of complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity5 ) using Semmes-Weinstein (S-W) monofilaments and electro von Frey (EVF) stimulation. RESULTS: In contrast to stimulation of the dorsal surface, plantar hindpaw stimulation seldom elicited an aversive withdrawal response. Differences in withdrawal response from baseline were only detectable within the first 5 hours post- @entity5 and only with EVF stimulation. No significant differences in stimulation techniques were observed after the initial 5-hour window. Effective dose 50 (ED(50)) for analgesic efficacy was consistently lower using dorsal stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of the plantar surface of the paw is superior for detecting small changes in paw sensitivity at very low stimulus intensities, whereas stimulation of the dorsal surface is superior for delineating baseline @entity1 thresholds and for detecting robust @entity3 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Reliable and sensitive assessment of animal @entity1 behaviors is critical to translational @entity1 research. This study demonstrates the importance of using proper test protocols in animal studies and its implication in preclinical screening of potential analgesics.

title: Measurement of @entity5 -induced @entity4 and @entity2 -induced XXXX in @entity0 : dorsal vs plantar mechanical stimulation of the hindpaw.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivity of stimulating the plantar and dorsal hindpaw surfaces in the detection of mechanical @entity4 and @entity2 @entity3 . BACKGROUND: Several approaches are used to assess nociceptive reactivity to mechanical stimulation in animal models of @entity1 . Although certain techniques seem to be favored for studying specific nociceptive conditions, the differences between techniques have not been directly compared and characterized. We chose to compare methods employing stimulation applied to the dorsum of the paw with stimulation of the plantar surface to demonstrate the utility of each approach in determining baseline nociceptive thresholds, changes in those thresholds after injury, and analgesic efficacy. METHODS: Withdrawal thresholds from mechanical stimulation applied to the dorsal and plantar surface of the hindpaw were measured in @entity0 treated with @entity2 after receiving subcutaneous injections of complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity5 ) using Semmes-Weinstein (S-W) monofilaments and electro von Frey (EVF) stimulation. RESULTS: In contrast to stimulation of the dorsal surface, plantar hindpaw stimulation seldom elicited an aversive withdrawal response. Differences in withdrawal response from baseline were only detectable within the first 5 hours post- @entity5 and only with EVF stimulation. No significant differences in stimulation techniques were observed after the initial 5-hour window. Effective dose 50 (ED(50)) for analgesic efficacy was consistently lower using dorsal stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of the plantar surface of the paw is superior for detecting small changes in paw sensitivity at very low stimulus intensities, whereas stimulation of the dorsal surface is superior for delineating baseline @entity1 thresholds and for detecting robust @entity3 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Reliable and sensitive assessment of animal @entity1 behaviors is critical to translational @entity1 research. This study demonstrates the importance of using proper test protocols in animal studies and its implication in preclinical screening of potential analgesics.

title: Measurement of @entity5 -induced @entity4 and @entity2 -induced @entity3 in XXXX : dorsal vs plantar mechanical stimulation of the hindpaw.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivity of stimulating the plantar and dorsal hindpaw surfaces in the detection of mechanical @entity4 and @entity2 @entity3 . BACKGROUND: Several approaches are used to assess nociceptive reactivity to mechanical stimulation in animal models of @entity1 . Although certain techniques seem to be favored for studying specific nociceptive conditions, the differences between techniques have not been directly compared and characterized. We chose to compare methods employing stimulation applied to the dorsum of the paw with stimulation of the plantar surface to demonstrate the utility of each approach in determining baseline nociceptive thresholds, changes in those thresholds after injury, and analgesic efficacy. METHODS: Withdrawal thresholds from mechanical stimulation applied to the dorsal and plantar surface of the hindpaw were measured in @entity0 treated with @entity2 after receiving subcutaneous injections of complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity5 ) using Semmes-Weinstein (S-W) monofilaments and electro von Frey (EVF) stimulation. RESULTS: In contrast to stimulation of the dorsal surface, plantar hindpaw stimulation seldom elicited an aversive withdrawal response. Differences in withdrawal response from baseline were only detectable within the first 5 hours post- @entity5 and only with EVF stimulation. No significant differences in stimulation techniques were observed after the initial 5-hour window. Effective dose 50 (ED(50)) for analgesic efficacy was consistently lower using dorsal stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of the plantar surface of the paw is superior for detecting small changes in paw sensitivity at very low stimulus intensities, whereas stimulation of the dorsal surface is superior for delineating baseline @entity1 thresholds and for detecting robust @entity3 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Reliable and sensitive assessment of animal @entity1 behaviors is critical to translational @entity1 research. This study demonstrates the importance of using proper test protocols in animal studies and its implication in preclinical screening of potential analgesics.

title: Measurement of XXXX -induced @entity4 and @entity2 -induced @entity3 in @entity0 : dorsal vs plantar mechanical stimulation of the hindpaw.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivity of stimulating the plantar and dorsal hindpaw surfaces in the detection of mechanical @entity4 and @entity2 @entity3 . BACKGROUND: Several approaches are used to assess nociceptive reactivity to mechanical stimulation in animal models of @entity1 . Although certain techniques seem to be favored for studying specific nociceptive conditions, the differences between techniques have not been directly compared and characterized. We chose to compare methods employing stimulation applied to the dorsum of the paw with stimulation of the plantar surface to demonstrate the utility of each approach in determining baseline nociceptive thresholds, changes in those thresholds after injury, and analgesic efficacy. METHODS: Withdrawal thresholds from mechanical stimulation applied to the dorsal and plantar surface of the hindpaw were measured in @entity0 treated with @entity2 after receiving subcutaneous injections of complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity5 ) using Semmes-Weinstein (S-W) monofilaments and electro von Frey (EVF) stimulation. RESULTS: In contrast to stimulation of the dorsal surface, plantar hindpaw stimulation seldom elicited an aversive withdrawal response. Differences in withdrawal response from baseline were only detectable within the first 5 hours post- @entity5 and only with EVF stimulation. No significant differences in stimulation techniques were observed after the initial 5-hour window. Effective dose 50 (ED(50)) for analgesic efficacy was consistently lower using dorsal stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of the plantar surface of the paw is superior for detecting small changes in paw sensitivity at very low stimulus intensities, whereas stimulation of the dorsal surface is superior for delineating baseline @entity1 thresholds and for detecting robust @entity3 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Reliable and sensitive assessment of animal @entity1 behaviors is critical to translational @entity1 research. This study demonstrates the importance of using proper test protocols in animal studies and its implication in preclinical screening of potential analgesics.

title: Measurement of @entity5 -induced XXXX and @entity2 -induced @entity3 in @entity0 : dorsal vs plantar mechanical stimulation of the hindpaw.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the sensitivity of stimulating the plantar and dorsal hindpaw surfaces in the detection of mechanical @entity4 and @entity2 @entity3 . BACKGROUND: Several approaches are used to assess nociceptive reactivity to mechanical stimulation in animal models of @entity1 . Although certain techniques seem to be favored for studying specific nociceptive conditions, the differences between techniques have not been directly compared and characterized. We chose to compare methods employing stimulation applied to the dorsum of the paw with stimulation of the plantar surface to demonstrate the utility of each approach in determining baseline nociceptive thresholds, changes in those thresholds after injury, and analgesic efficacy. METHODS: Withdrawal thresholds from mechanical stimulation applied to the dorsal and plantar surface of the hindpaw were measured in @entity0 treated with @entity2 after receiving subcutaneous injections of complete Freund's adjuvant ( @entity5 ) using Semmes-Weinstein (S-W) monofilaments and electro von Frey (EVF) stimulation. RESULTS: In contrast to stimulation of the dorsal surface, plantar hindpaw stimulation seldom elicited an aversive withdrawal response. Differences in withdrawal response from baseline were only detectable within the first 5 hours post- @entity5 and only with EVF stimulation. No significant differences in stimulation techniques were observed after the initial 5-hour window. Effective dose 50 (ED(50)) for analgesic efficacy was consistently lower using dorsal stimulation. CONCLUSIONS: Stimulation of the plantar surface of the paw is superior for detecting small changes in paw sensitivity at very low stimulus intensities, whereas stimulation of the dorsal surface is superior for delineating baseline @entity1 thresholds and for detecting robust @entity3 . CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Reliable and sensitive assessment of animal @entity1 behaviors is critical to translational @entity1 research. This study demonstrates the importance of using proper test protocols in animal studies and its implication in preclinical screening of potential analgesics.

title: Measurement of @entity5 -induced @entity4 and XXXX -induced @entity3 in @entity0 : dorsal vs plantar mechanical stimulation of the hindpaw.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A @entity6 , which is a common feature in insulin-resistant states, can lead to @entity4 . It has been hypothesized that a @entity6 can also increase the rates of non-hepatic-related morbidity and mortality. Therefore, we wanted to determine whether the @entity6 index (FLI), a surrogate marker and a validated algorithm derived from the serum @entity5 level, body mass index, waist circumference, and y-glutamyltransferase level, was associated with the prognosis in a population study. The 15-year all-cause, hepatic-related, @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and @entity0 mortality rates were obtained through the Regional Health Registry in 2011 for 2074 Caucasian middle-aged individuals in the Cremona study, a population study examining the prevalence of @entity1 in Italy. During the 15-year observation period, 495 @entity3 were registered: 34 were hepatic-related, 221 were @entity2 -related, 180 were @entity0 -related, and 60 were attributed to other causes. FLI was independently associated with the hepatic-related @entity3 (hazard ratio = 1.04, 95% confidence interval = 1.02-1.05, P < 0.0001). Age, sex, FLI, cigarette smoking, and @entity1 were independently associated with all-cause mortality. Age, sex, FLI, systolic blood pressure, and fibrinogen were independently associated with @entity2 mortality; meanwhile, age, sex, FLI, and smoking were independently associated with @entity0 mortality. FLI correlated with the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), a surrogate marker of insulin resistance (Spearman's    = 0.57, P < 0.0001), and when HOMA-IR was included in the multivariate analyses, FLI retained its association with hepatic-related mortality but not with all-cause, @entity2 , and @entity0 -related mortality. CONCLUSION: FLI is independently associated with hepatic-related mortality. It is also associated with all-cause, @entity2 , and @entity0 mortality rates, but these associations appear to be tightly interconnected with the risk conferred by the correlated insulin-resistant state.

title: XXXX index and mortality: the Cremona study in the 15th year of follow-up.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: The efficacy of sacral neuromodulation for treating refractory idiopathic lower urinary tract dysfunction is now well established. Nevertheless, results of this technique in neurological @entity0 are still controversial. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the results of sacral neuromodulation in @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1998 and 2008, a percutaneous nerve evaluation or a two-stage technique was performed in 62 @entity0 (mean age 50.5        14.8 years) with @entity3 . Before and during the temporary stimulation, each @entity0 had a urodynamic evaluation and performed a bladder diary. The test was considered positive if the clinical and urodynamic improvement was over 50% and if the symptoms reappeared after turning the stimulation off. RESULTS: Lower urinary tract dysfunction was detrusor overactivity in 34 cases and chronic urinary retention in 28 cases. A detrusor-sphincter @entity4 (DSD) was associated in nine cases. Out of the 62 @entity0 , 41 @entity0 (66.1%) had more than 50% improvement on urodynamic evaluation and bladder diary and 37 were implanted. With a mean follow-up of 4.3        3.7 years, results remained similar to the evaluation phase in 28 cases (75.7%), were partially altered in three cases (8.1%) and lost in six cases (16.2%). In these six cases, neuromodulation failed on average 12.0        12.4 months after implantation. CONCLUSION: Sacral neuromodulation seems to constitute a serious therapeutic option for @entity0 with @entity3 . However, its results depend on the type of the underlying @entity1 and in particular, whether it may progress or not.

title: Sacral neuromodulation for treating XXXX : clinical and urodynamic study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Determination of future risk of exacerbations is a key issue in the management of @entity1 . We previously developed a method to calculate conditional probabilities (  ) of future decreases in lung function by using the daily fluctuations in peak expiratory flow (PEF). OBJECTIVE: We aimed to extend calculation of    values to individual @entity0 , validated by using electronically recorded data from 2 past clinical trials. METHODS: Twice-daily PEF data were analyzed from 78 @entity0 with severe (study A) and 61 @entity0 with poorly controlled (study B) @entity1 . For each @entity0 , the    value was calculated from 5000 PEF data points simulated based on the correlation and distribution properties of observed PEF. Given an initial PEF, the    value was defined as the probability of a decrease in PEF to less than 80% of predicted value on 2 consecutive days within a month. These probabilities were then compared with actual occurrences of such events and clinically defined exacerbations within the following month. RESULTS:    Values were related to actual occurrences of decreases in PEF (adjusted R(2) > 0.800 for both studies). Every increase of 10% in    value was associated with an odds ratio of having a future exacerbation of 1.24 (95% CI, 1.07-1.43) for study A  and 1.13 (95% CI, 1.02-1.26) for study B, with better sensitivity and specificity than clinic-measured FEV(1). CONCLUSION: These results from 2 independent datasets with differing asthmatic populations and differing exacerbation criteria provide support that clinically relevant quantification of individual future risk of exacerbations is possible.

title: Predicting future risk of XXXX exacerbations using individual conditional probabilities.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This systematic review examines whether radioguided localization surgery (RGL) (radioguided occult lesion localization - ROLL and radioguided seed localization - RSL) for non-palpable @entity0 lesions produces lower positive margin rates than standard wire-guided localization surgery. METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature review to identify clinical studies using either ROLL or RSL. Included studies examined invasive or in situ BC and reported pathologically assessed margin status or specimen volume/weight. Two reviewers independently assessed study eligibility and quality and abstracted relevant data on @entity1 and surgical outcomes. Quantitative data analyses were performed. RESULTS: Fifty-two clinical studies on ROLL (n = 46) and RSL (n = 6) were identified. Twenty-seven met our inclusion criteria: 12 studies compared RGL to WGL and 15 studies were single cohorts using RGL. Ten studies were included in the quantitative analyses. Data for margin status and re-operation rates from 4 @entity2 ( @entity2 ; n = 238) and 6 cohort studies were combined giving a combined odds ratio (OR) of 0.367 and 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.277 to 0.487 (p < 0.001) for margins status and OR 0.347, 95% CI: 0.250 to 0.481 (p < 0.001) for re-operation rates. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this systematic review of RGL versus WGL demonstrate that RGL technique produces lower positive margins rates and fewer re-operations. While this review is limited by the small size and quality of RCTs, the odds ratios suggest that RGL may be a superior technique to guide surgical resection of non-palpable @entity0 . These results should be confirmed by larger, multi-centered RCTs.

title: Systematic review of radioguided surgery for non-palpable XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Limited information exists on the role of B-cell-dependent mechanisms in the progression of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). However, in failing @entity0 myocardium, there is evidence of deposition of activated complement components as well as anticardiac antibodies. We aimed to determine the contribution of B-cells in @entity4 progression using a nonsurgical @entity1 model of @entity2 (CMP). METHODS AND RESULTS: CMP protocol involved the use of @entity9 and @entity7 in the drinking water and @entity10 infusion for 35 days. At day 35, @entity1 were analyzed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, gene expression, and histology. @entity1 (12 weeks old) were divided into 4 groups, all in C57BL/6 background: wild-type (WT) CMP; @entity3 ( @entity3 ) CMP (T- and B-cell deficient); @entity11 (-) CMP (B-cell depleted); and Nude CMP ( @entity5 ), with their respective controls. We performed B-cell depletion and reconstitution protocols. The protective effect of B-cell depletion was demonstrated by a significant reduction of cell @entity6 and collagen deposition and a preserved ejection fraction in the @entity11 (-) CMP group compared to WT CMP. Once @entity3 @entity1 underwent B-cell reconstitution with isolated CMP B-cells, the CMP phenotype was restored. Furthermore, deposition of @entity8 and apoptosis in the myocardium follows the development of CMP; in addition, in vitro studies demonstrated that activated B-cells stimulate collagen production by cardiac fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS: The absence of B-cells in this model of @entity4 resulted in less @entity6 and collagen deposition, preservation of left ventricular function, and, in association with these changes, a reduction in expression of proinflammatory cytokines, immunoglobulin G deposition, and apoptosis in the myocardium. Taken together, these data suggest that B-cells play a contributory role in an @entity10 -induced @entity4 model.

title: Full Expression of XXXX Is Partly Dependent on B-Cells: A Pathway That Involves Cytokine Activation, Immunoglobulin Deposition, and Activation of Apoptosis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 with severe @entity2 ( @entity2 ), long-term data tracking surgically induced effects of afterload reduction on reverse LV remodeling are not available. Echocardiographic data is available short term, but in limited fashion beyond one year. Cardiovascular MRI (CMR) offers the ability to serially track changes in LV metrics with small numbers due to its inherent high spatial resolution and low variability. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesize that changes in LV structure and function following aortic valve replacement (AVR) are detectable by CMR and once triggered by AVR, continue for an extended period. METHODS: Twenty-four @entity0 of which ten (67    12 years, 6 female) with severe, but compensated @entity2 underwent CMR pre-AVR, 6 months, 1 year and up to 4 years post-AVR. 3D LV mass index, volumetrics, LV geometry, and EF were measured. RESULTS: All @entity0 survived AVR and underwent CMR 4 serial CMR's. LVMI markedly decreased by 6 months (157    42 to 134    32 g/m2, p < 0.005) and continued trending downwards through 4 years (127    32 g/m2). Similarly, EF increased pre to post-AVR (55    22 to 65    11%,(p < 0.05)) and continued trending upwards, remaining stable through years 1-4 (66    11 vs. 65    9%). LVEDVI, initially high pre-AVR, decreased post-AVR (83    30 to 68    11 ml/m2, p < 0.05) trending even lower by year 4 (66    10 ml/m2). LV @entity1 volume increased rapidly from pre to post-AVR (40    11 to 44    7 ml, p < 0.05) continuing to increase non-significantly through 4 years (49    14 ml) with these LV metrics paralleling improvements in NYHA. However, LVmass/volume, a 3D measure of LV geometry, remained unchanged over 4 years. CONCLUSION: After initial beneficial effects imparted by AVR in severe @entity2 @entity0 , there are, as expected, marked improvements in LV reverse remodeling. Via CMR, surgically induced benefits to LV structure and function are durable and, unexpectedly express continued, albeit markedly incomplete improvement through 4 years post-AVR concordant with sustained improved clinical status. This supports down-regulation of both mRNA and MMP activity acutely with robust suppression long term.

title: LV reverse remodeling imparted by aortic valve replacement for severe XXXX ; is it durable? A cardiovascular MRI study sponsored by the American Heart Association.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: - @entity0 with @entity6 exhibit abnormal myocardial repolarization and are susceptible to @entity5 . Exercise testing is useful in unmasking @entity4 in disorders associated with abnormal repolarization. We characterized QT adaptation during exercise in @entity2 . METHODS AND RESULTS: -Sixty-one adolescent female @entity0 with @entity6 and 45 age and sex matched healthy volunteers performed symptom-limited cycle ergometry during 12-lead ECG monitoring. Changes in the QT interval during exercise were measured, and QT/RR interval slopes were determined using mixed-effects regression modeling. @entity0 had significantly lower BMI than controls however resting heart rates, and QT/QTc intervals were similar at baseline. @entity0 had shorter exercise times (13.7  4.5 vs 20.6  4.5 min; p<0.001), and lower peak heart rates (159  20 vs 184  9 bpm; p<0.001). The mean QTc intervals were longer at peak exercise in @entity0 [442  29 vs 422  19 msec; p<0.001]. During sub-maximal exertion at comparable heart rates [114  6 vs 115  11 bpm; p=0.54], the QTc interval had prolonged significantly more in @entity0 than controls (37  28 vs 24  25 msec; p<0.016). The RR/ @entity4 , best described by a curvilinear relationship, was more gradual in @entity0 compared to controls (13.4 [95%CI=12.8-13.9] vs 15.8 [95%CI=15.3-16.4] msec QT change per 10% change in RR interval; p<0.001), and steepest in @entity0 within the highest BMI tertile vs the lowest (13.9 [95%CI=12.9-14.9 vs 12.3 [95% CI=11.3-13.3]; p=0.026). CONCLUSIONS: -Despite the absence of @entity4 , adolescent anorexic females have impaired repolarization reserve compared to healthy controls. Further study may identify @entity1 as a risk factor for @entity3 in @entity6 .

title: Characterization of Myocardial Repolarization Reserve in Adolescent Females with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) of the breast is an uncommon @entity2 characterized by its dual differentiation into luminal cells and myoepithelial cells. In most cases these @entity2 have a benign clinical course, but distant @entity1 have been reported. We present the case of a 51-year-old @entity0 diagnosed with malignant @entity6 . The @entity0 underwent a right modified radical mastectomy, and pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of malignant @entity6 . Ten months after the operation, multiple hepatic, pleural, and abdominal wall @entity1 were detected. A number of palliative chemotherapeutic agents were tried, including @entity4 and @entity5 . However, the disease continued to progress, and superior @entity3 developed as a result of direct @entity2 invasion. The @entity0 received salvage eribulin monotherapy. After two cycles of this treatment, her clinical symptoms were ameliorated, and a computed tomography scan showed a partial response. @entity7 chemotherapy was thus effective in treating malignant @entity6 in this case.

title: XXXX of the Breast and Responsiveness to Eribulin.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 are frequent. The main concern is mortality due to aspiration-induced @entity2 and @entity5 . In addition, quality of life is severely affected. The demographic trend indicates an increase of @entity4 in the future. @entity3 , @entity1 of the digestive tract, and sequelae of @entity1 treatment in the head and neck region are the main pathologic entities. Predominantly ENT physicians and phoniatricians are asked for diagnostics and therapy, and will coordinate the interdisciplinary treatment according to the endoscopic findings. A differentiated approach in history, diagnostics, and symptom-oriented treatment is necessary for these mostly complex disorders. Integration of non-medical staff such as speech therapists, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists in planning and executing an effective therapy expands and completes the @entity0 -oriented care. Conservative treatment by these therapists is an important pillar in the treatment. Parts of the specific diagnostics can be taken over in close cooperation. In particular, an interdisciplinary cooperation with the staff of intensive care medicine is essential. The diagnostic procedures of specific endoscopy as described in this position paper are part of the primary and fundamental tasks of ENT specialists and phoniatrists. Endoscopy is a medical service that is basically not delegable. Consequently, substitution of the physician is excluded.

title: Position paper of the German Society of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and the German Society of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology - Current state of clinical and endoscopic diagnostics, evaluation, and therapy of XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 are frequent. The main concern is mortality due to aspiration-induced @entity2 and @entity5 . In addition, quality of life is severely affected. The demographic trend indicates an increase of @entity4 in the future. @entity3 , @entity1 of the digestive tract, and sequelae of @entity1 treatment in the head and neck region are the main pathologic entities. Predominantly ENT physicians and phoniatricians are asked for diagnostics and therapy, and will coordinate the interdisciplinary treatment according to the endoscopic findings. A differentiated approach in history, diagnostics, and symptom-oriented treatment is necessary for these mostly complex disorders. Integration of non-medical staff such as speech therapists, physiotherapists, and occupational therapists in planning and executing an effective therapy expands and completes the @entity0 -oriented care. Conservative treatment by these therapists is an important pillar in the treatment. Parts of the specific diagnostics can be taken over in close cooperation. In particular, an interdisciplinary cooperation with the staff of intensive care medicine is essential. The diagnostic procedures of specific endoscopy as described in this position paper are part of the primary and fundamental tasks of ENT specialists and phoniatrists. Endoscopy is a medical service that is basically not delegable. Consequently, substitution of the physician is excluded.

title: Position paper of the German Society of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and the German Society of Phoniatrics and Pediatric Audiology - Current state of clinical and endoscopic diagnostics, evaluation, and therapy of @entity4 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 is a global public health problem currently affecting more than 200 million @entity0 worldwide. Major research efforts are being made to improve the outcomes for @entity0 with @entity1 . However, the treatment of @entity2 associated with @entity1 remains unsatisfactory. Animal models continue to be an important tool for establishing strategies to treat @entity4 , and various methods of inducing @entity1 have been used. Investigators must select a model that best reflects the clinical problem being studied, and the underlying pathophysiology of the @entity1 in the target @entity0 group. In particular a model for @entity5 should mimic a fall in @entity3 and rise in osteoclast activity observed with this condition, whereas a model for @entity1 should mimic the fall in osteoblast activity. Unfortunately, there is no single all-encompassing model that precisely imitates the underlying @entity1 or the @entity2 patterns seen in @entity0 . As such the choice of species and model must be individualised to the scientific question being addressed. This article summarises general considerations when choosing an @entity4 model and outlines existing models of @entity1 . The most appropriate model in a range of @entity4 research scenarios are subsequently considered.

title: Main differences in XXXX models: which should I use?

answer: @entity4


abstract: The identification, isolation and characterization of a new @entity6 positive-acting gene metR, which encodes a transcriptional activator of sulphur metabolism, is reported. metR mutants are tight auxotrophs requiring @entity4 or @entity3 for growth. Mutations in the metR gene are epistatic to mutations in the negative-acting sulphur regulatory scon genes. The metR coding sequence is interrupted by a single intron of 492 bp which is unusually long for fungi. @entity6 METR is a member of bZIP family of DNA-binding proteins. The bZIP domains of METR and the @entity5 CYS3 transcriptional activator of sulphur genes are highly similar. Although @entity5 cys-3 gene does not substitute for the metR function, a chimeric metR gene with a cys-3 bZIP domain is able to transform the DeltametR mutant to @entity4 prototrophy. This indicates that METR recognizes the same regulatory sequence as CYS3. The metR gene is not essential, as deletion mutants are viable and have similar phenotype as point mutants. In contrast to the @entity5 cys-3, transcription of the metR gene was found to be regulated neither by METR protein nor by sulphur source. Transcription of metR gene is derepressed in the sconB2 mutant. Transcription of genes encoding @entity1 permease, @entity3 synthase, @entity0 synthase, @entity2 -sulphurylase, and sulphur controller--sconB is strongly regulated by the metR gene product and depends on the character of the metR mutation and sulphur supplementation.

title: The XXXX metR gene encodes a bZIP protein which activates transcription of sulphur metabolism genes.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationships between recreational activity, house/yard work activity, work activity, and total physical activity and high levels of two peripheral blood markers of @entity1 : @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Three communities (Durham, NC; New Haven, CT; and East Boston, MA). @entity0 : Eight hundred seventy @entity0 aged 70 to 79 who were in the top third of community-dwelling older @entity0 with respect to physical and cognitive functioning. MEASUREMENTS: Blood levels of @entity2 and @entity3 and self-reported recreational activity, house/yard work activity, work activity, and total physical activity. RESULTS: The adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for individuals with high levels of recreational activity to have values in the top tertiles of @entity2 and @entity3 were 0.65 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.48-0.87) and 0.70 (95% CI = 0.51-0.95), respectively. The AORs for those with a high level of house/yard work activity to have values in the top tertile of @entity2 and @entity3 were 0.90 (95% CI = 0.67-1.20) and 0.70 (95% CI = 0.50-0.96), respectively. High levels of house/yard work and recreational activity were independently associated with lower risk of high @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The association between high levels of recreational activity and lower levels of the inflammatory markers @entity2 and @entity3 suggests a mechanism for its protective effect and supports interventions that increase physical activity in older @entity0 . Such potential benefits of increased physical activity on inflammatory markers will need to be confirmed in clinical trials.

title: The associations between physical activity and inflammatory markers in high-functioning older XXXX : MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Quantitative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures provide a measure of disease severity in @entity3 . The fungal clearance rate by quantitative cultures has become a primary endpoint for phase II clinical trials. This study determined the inter-assay accuracy of three different quantitative culture methodologies. Among 91 @entity0 with @entity1 in Kampala, Uganda, during August-November 2013, 305 CSF samples were prospectively collected from @entity0 at multiple time points during treatment. Samples were simultaneously cultured by three methods: (1) St. George's 100   mcl input volume of CSF with five 1:10 serial dilutions, (2) @entity2 Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) method using 1000, 100, 10   mcl input volumes, and two 1:100 dilutions with 100 and 10   mcl input volume per dilution on seven agar plates; and (3) 10   mcl calibrated loop of undiluted and 1:100 diluted CSF (loop). Quantitative culture values did not statistically differ between St. George-ACTG methods (P= .09) but did for St. George-10   mcl loop (P< .001). Repeated measures pairwise correlation between any of the methods was high (r>= 0.88). For detecting sterility, the ACTG-method had the highest negative predictive value of 97% (91%  St. George, 60% loop), but the ACTG-method had occasional (   10%) difficulties in quantification due to colony clumping. For CSF clearance rate, St. George-ACTG methods did not differ overall (mean -0.05      0.07 log10CFU/ml/day;P= .14) on a group level; however, individual-level clearance varied. The St. George and ACTG quantitative CSF culture methods produced comparable but not identical results. Quantitative cultures can inform treatment management strategies.

title: Reproducibility of CSF quantitative culture methods for estimating rate of clearance in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) (with or without @entity3 ) require alternative anticoagulation because of their extreme risk of new @entity6 . The first effective agent for this purpose may be danaparoid, a less-sulfated low molecular weight heparinoid. Recently, direct thrombin inhibitors have been used. OBJECTIVE: Five @entity5 @entity0 , who developed new @entity6 while receiving @entity9 , were analyzed to consider possible reasons for treatment failure and to promulgate strategies that improve efficacy. RESULTS: Three @entity0 had acute @entity5 , one had recent @entity5 , and one with remote @entity5 was re-exposed to heparin during heart surgery. Danaparoid was started as intravenous bolus and infusion in one @entity0 , and as 1250 units subcutaneously twice daily in four @entity0 . The new complications that emerged on danaparoid were new venous thrombi in three @entity0 (one with @entity7 ), lower extremity arterial @entity3 in one, @entity4 in one, @entity6 @entity2 in one, and @entity1 in one (two @entity0 suffered more than one complication). Platelet counts did not improve or worsened in four, improved partially in the other, and parameters of disseminated @entity8 failed to improve in one @entity0 . Four @entity0 responded relatively dramatically when direct thrombin inhibitors were substituted. Possible reasons for danaparoid failure include that: 1) no treatment is expected to completely prevent complications, 2) antithrombin III consumption can blunt efficacy in some @entity0 , 3) low or intermediate doses may be insufficient, and 4) there was clinically significant cross-reactivity of the pathogenic @entity5 antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: It is emphasized that the possibility of clinically significant antibody cross-reactivity and that low or intermediate dosage may be inadequate when using danaparoid in therapy of @entity5 . The latter problem probably extrapolates to other anticoagulants used for @entity5 .

title: Danaparoid for XXXX : an analysis of treatment failures.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether @entity3 ribozymes can intracellularly inhibit @entity1 RNA. METHODS: The @entity0 expression vectors, @entity2 -RzC1, @entity2 -RzC2 and @entity2 -RzC3, containing ribozymes cDNA of RzC1, RzC2, and RzC3, were constructed targeting different @entity1 -5' NCR-C RNA regions. Then the @entity1 -positive fetal hepatocytes were transfected with these plasmids using liposome-mediated method. The inhibitory effects of @entity3 ribozymes were evaluated by @entity1 RNA quantitation in cultured cells and the supernatants. RESULTS: (1) All the three @entity3 ribozymes were inserted into the expression vector. (2) Fetal hepatocytes were infected with @entity1 proven by RT-PCR and fluorescent quantitative PCR and expressed @entity1 NS3 and NS5 antigens by immunocytochemistry. (3) @entity3 ribozymes inhibited the activity of the target @entity1 RNA at expect positions in @entity1 -positive hepatocytes. At 0.5 micromol/L, the inhibitory rate of @entity2 -RzC1, @entity2 -RzC2, and @entity2 -RzC3 was 53.2%, 50.5 %, and 10.6% respectively. @entity2 -RzC1 was used continuously for one week, showing the inhibitory rate of 60.7%, 64.2%, 68.4%, 71.9%, 78.8% and 83.1% on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th day. CONCLUSION: The inhibitory activity of @entity2 -RzC1 (107-113nt) and @entity2 -RzC2 (268-274nt) is greater than that of @entity2 -RzC3 (345-351nt) in @entity1 -positive hepatocytes.

title: [Construction of the expression vectors of @entity3 ribozymes and their intracellular inhibiting activity against XXXX RNA].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether @entity3 ribozymes can intracellularly inhibit @entity1 RNA. METHODS: The @entity0 expression vectors, @entity2 -RzC1, @entity2 -RzC2 and @entity2 -RzC3, containing ribozymes cDNA of RzC1, RzC2, and RzC3, were constructed targeting different @entity1 -5' NCR-C RNA regions. Then the @entity1 -positive fetal hepatocytes were transfected with these plasmids using liposome-mediated method. The inhibitory effects of @entity3 ribozymes were evaluated by @entity1 RNA quantitation in cultured cells and the supernatants. RESULTS: (1) All the three @entity3 ribozymes were inserted into the expression vector. (2) Fetal hepatocytes were infected with @entity1 proven by RT-PCR and fluorescent quantitative PCR and expressed @entity1 NS3 and NS5 antigens by immunocytochemistry. (3) @entity3 ribozymes inhibited the activity of the target @entity1 RNA at expect positions in @entity1 -positive hepatocytes. At 0.5 micromol/L, the inhibitory rate of @entity2 -RzC1, @entity2 -RzC2, and @entity2 -RzC3 was 53.2%, 50.5 %, and 10.6% respectively. @entity2 -RzC1 was used continuously for one week, showing the inhibitory rate of 60.7%, 64.2%, 68.4%, 71.9%, 78.8% and 83.1% on the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th day. CONCLUSION: The inhibitory activity of @entity2 -RzC1 (107-113nt) and @entity2 -RzC2 (268-274nt) is greater than that of @entity2 -RzC3 (345-351nt) in @entity1 -positive hepatocytes.

title: [Construction of the expression vectors of XXXX ribozymes and their intracellular inhibiting activity against @entity1 RNA].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report results of endovascular therapy for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity0 who were not candidates for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or in whom @entity4 failed. METHODS: Prospectively collected data for @entity0 treated between January 2006 and June 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. After careful @entity0 and therapy selection, 213 @entity1 @entity0 with a mean NIHSS score of 14.2 at presentation underwent intervention. End points analyzed were Thrombolysis in @entity2 (TIMI) 2/3 reperfusion, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) rates, and 90-day outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] and mortality). Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to assess independent predictors of end points. RESULTS: Of 189 @entity0 with anterior circulation occlusions, 135 were treated within 0-8 hours, 33 were treated after 8 or more hours, and 21 were treated after @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Among 24 @entity0 treated with posterior circulation occlusions, 4 had @entity1 . After treatment, 72.3% @entity0 had TIMI 2/3 reperfusion; @entity3 rate was 8.7%; at 90 days, 36.6% recovered to @entity5 or less. @entity3 rate was higher in @entity0 with anterior circulation @entity1 who received treatment 8 or more hours after symptom onset (odds ratio [OR] = 3.8) and @entity0 with @entity1 (OR = 4.9). In @entity0 treated within 8 hours of onset of symptoms of anterior circulation @entity1 , @entity3 rate was only 6.7%. There was no difference in outcomes in @entity0 with @entity1 compared with @entity0 treated less than 8 hours after @entity1 onset. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first and largest prospective study to the authors' knowledge that shows endovascular therapy for @entity1 @entity0 in a real-world setting. High recanalization rates with low @entity3 rates were achieved using careful @entity0 and therapy selection.

title: Prospective XXXX outcomes after endovascular therapy: a real-world experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two parturients with severe @entity3 had cardiopulmonary hemodynamics assessed by invasive techniques, and vaginal delivery was conducted under continuous epidural anesthesia. Both @entity0 demonstrated @entity5 (F1O2 = 0.21%) by arterial blood gas analysis. Supplemental @entity1 was administered throughout the last trimester of pregnancy. The @entity0 with chronic @entity7 had @entity6 at rest prior to pregnancy and delivered a viable, 1,400-gm @entity0 prematurely. She died suddenly three weeks postpartum. The second @entity0 , 41 years old, had a twin gestation. A pneumonectomy had been performed previously for @entity4 . The @entity0 demonstrated numerous bouts of acute pulmonary embarrassment and @entity2 , developed @entity8 and @entity6 late in gestation and spontaneously delivered two viable, 1,600-gm @entity0 prematurely. All did well. Swan-Ganz catheters were used to assess cardiopulmonary hemodynamics in both @entity0 . Epidural anesthesia was used successfully in both.

title: Assessment of severe XXXX in pregnancy with Swan-Ganz monitoring. A report of two cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Opioid receptors are expressed in a cell type-specific manner. Here we show that the @entity0 delta-opioid receptor ( @entity2 ) gene is regulated by promoter region CpG methylation. The @entity2 promoter containing a putative CpG island is highly methylated in Neuro2A cells, correlating with the repression of this gene in these cells. This is in contrast with the unmethylated state of the @entity2 promoter in @entity0 cells, which express a high level of @entity2 . Repression of @entity2 transcription in Neuro2A cells could be partially relieved by chemically induced demethylation with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. In addition, in vitro methylation of the luciferase reporter gene driven by the @entity2 promoter resulted in an inhibition of transcription in @entity0 cells. Methyl-CpG-binding protein complex 1 (MeCP1) has been implicated in methylation-mediated transcriptional repression of several genes. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that fully methylated, but not unmethylated, @entity2 promoter fragment formed a MeCP1-like protein complex that contained @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity3 . Furthermore, the expression level of @entity3 was decreased when Neuro2A cells were demethylated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, and increasing @entity3 levels in Schneider's @entity1 line 2 cells led to the repression of @entity2 promoter activity when the promoter was methylated. These results demonstrate that @entity3 and @entity4 are involved in the transcriptional repression of @entity2 in Neuro2A cells through binding to the methylated CpG sites in the promoter region and may play a role in the cell type-specific expression of @entity2 .

title: Transcriptional regulation of @entity0 delta-opioid receptor gene by CpG methylation: involvement of @entity3 and a methyl-CpG-binding protein, XXXX , in transcriptional repression of @entity0 delta-opioid receptor gene in Neuro2A cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Opioid receptors are expressed in a cell type-specific manner. Here we show that the @entity0 delta-opioid receptor ( @entity2 ) gene is regulated by promoter region CpG methylation. The @entity2 promoter containing a putative CpG island is highly methylated in Neuro2A cells, correlating with the repression of this gene in these cells. This is in contrast with the unmethylated state of the @entity2 promoter in @entity0 cells, which express a high level of @entity2 . Repression of @entity2 transcription in Neuro2A cells could be partially relieved by chemically induced demethylation with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. In addition, in vitro methylation of the luciferase reporter gene driven by the @entity2 promoter resulted in an inhibition of transcription in @entity0 cells. Methyl-CpG-binding protein complex 1 (MeCP1) has been implicated in methylation-mediated transcriptional repression of several genes. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that fully methylated, but not unmethylated, @entity2 promoter fragment formed a MeCP1-like protein complex that contained @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity3 . Furthermore, the expression level of @entity3 was decreased when Neuro2A cells were demethylated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, and increasing @entity3 levels in Schneider's @entity1 line 2 cells led to the repression of @entity2 promoter activity when the promoter was methylated. These results demonstrate that @entity3 and @entity4 are involved in the transcriptional repression of @entity2 in Neuro2A cells through binding to the methylated CpG sites in the promoter region and may play a role in the cell type-specific expression of @entity2 .

title: Transcriptional regulation of @entity0 delta-opioid receptor gene by CpG methylation: involvement of XXXX and a methyl-CpG-binding protein, @entity4 , in transcriptional repression of @entity0 delta-opioid receptor gene in Neuro2A cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Opioid receptors are expressed in a cell type-specific manner. Here we show that the @entity0 delta-opioid receptor ( @entity2 ) gene is regulated by promoter region CpG methylation. The @entity2 promoter containing a putative CpG island is highly methylated in Neuro2A cells, correlating with the repression of this gene in these cells. This is in contrast with the unmethylated state of the @entity2 promoter in @entity0 cells, which express a high level of @entity2 . Repression of @entity2 transcription in Neuro2A cells could be partially relieved by chemically induced demethylation with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. In addition, in vitro methylation of the luciferase reporter gene driven by the @entity2 promoter resulted in an inhibition of transcription in @entity0 cells. Methyl-CpG-binding protein complex 1 (MeCP1) has been implicated in methylation-mediated transcriptional repression of several genes. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that fully methylated, but not unmethylated, @entity2 promoter fragment formed a MeCP1-like protein complex that contained @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity3 . Furthermore, the expression level of @entity3 was decreased when Neuro2A cells were demethylated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, and increasing @entity3 levels in Schneider's @entity1 line 2 cells led to the repression of @entity2 promoter activity when the promoter was methylated. These results demonstrate that @entity3 and @entity4 are involved in the transcriptional repression of @entity2 in Neuro2A cells through binding to the methylated CpG sites in the promoter region and may play a role in the cell type-specific expression of @entity2 .

title: Transcriptional regulation of XXXX delta-opioid receptor gene by CpG methylation: involvement of @entity3 and a methyl-CpG-binding protein, @entity4 , in transcriptional repression of @entity0 delta-opioid receptor gene in Neuro2A cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Opioid receptors are expressed in a cell type-specific manner. Here we show that the @entity0 delta-opioid receptor ( @entity2 ) gene is regulated by promoter region CpG methylation. The @entity2 promoter containing a putative CpG island is highly methylated in Neuro2A cells, correlating with the repression of this gene in these cells. This is in contrast with the unmethylated state of the @entity2 promoter in @entity0 cells, which express a high level of @entity2 . Repression of @entity2 transcription in Neuro2A cells could be partially relieved by chemically induced demethylation with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. In addition, in vitro methylation of the luciferase reporter gene driven by the @entity2 promoter resulted in an inhibition of transcription in @entity0 cells. Methyl-CpG-binding protein complex 1 (MeCP1) has been implicated in methylation-mediated transcriptional repression of several genes. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that fully methylated, but not unmethylated, @entity2 promoter fragment formed a MeCP1-like protein complex that contained @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity3 . Furthermore, the expression level of @entity3 was decreased when Neuro2A cells were demethylated with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, and increasing @entity3 levels in Schneider's @entity1 line 2 cells led to the repression of @entity2 promoter activity when the promoter was methylated. These results demonstrate that @entity3 and @entity4 are involved in the transcriptional repression of @entity2 in Neuro2A cells through binding to the methylated CpG sites in the promoter region and may play a role in the cell type-specific expression of @entity2 .

title: Transcriptional regulation of @entity0 delta-opioid receptor gene by CpG methylation: involvement of @entity3 and a methyl-CpG-binding protein, @entity4 , in transcriptional repression of XXXX delta-opioid receptor gene in Neuro2A cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity4 -catenin adhesion complex is crucial for intercellular adhesiveness and maintenance of tissue architecture. Its impairment is associated with poorly differentiated phenotype and increased invasiveness of @entity1 . AIMS: To evaluate @entity4 , @entity2 , gamma catenin, and ezrin expression and its relation to histopathological features of primary and metastatic @entity3 . METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression and cellular distribution of @entity4 , @entity2 , gamma catenin, and ezrin in primary and metastatic @entity3 . Western blotting was used to determine polypeptide size and expression of @entity4 and @entity2 in @entity3 compared with normal kidney. RESULTS: Moderate expression of @entity4 was found mainly in cytoplasm and occasionally cell membranes of dysplastic tubules, whereas low expression was seen in cytoplasm of blastemal cells. Primary and @entity0 showed moderate to high @entity2 expression in blastemal and epithelial cells, with predominantly membranous and cytoplasmic staining. Occasional nuclear staining was noted in @entity0 . Low to high gamma catenin and ezrin expression was seen in cytoplasm of blastemal and epithelial cells of primary and @entity0 . Higher amounts of 92 kDa @entity2 were detected in @entity0 than in normal kidney. Low expression of 120 kDa @entity4 was seen in moderately differentiated @entity0 , whereas expression was lacking in poorly differentiated @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Compared with primary @entity0 , @entity0 showed lower expression of @entity4 and gamma catenin, with nuclear staining for @entity2 . Low @entity4 was associated with poorly differentiated @entity0 . These results suggest that abnormal expression of adhesion proteins correlates with the invasive and metastatic phenotype in @entity3 .

title: Differential expression of @entity4 and XXXX in primary and metastatic @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity4 -catenin adhesion complex is crucial for intercellular adhesiveness and maintenance of tissue architecture. Its impairment is associated with poorly differentiated phenotype and increased invasiveness of @entity1 . AIMS: To evaluate @entity4 , @entity2 , gamma catenin, and ezrin expression and its relation to histopathological features of primary and metastatic @entity3 . METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression and cellular distribution of @entity4 , @entity2 , gamma catenin, and ezrin in primary and metastatic @entity3 . Western blotting was used to determine polypeptide size and expression of @entity4 and @entity2 in @entity3 compared with normal kidney. RESULTS: Moderate expression of @entity4 was found mainly in cytoplasm and occasionally cell membranes of dysplastic tubules, whereas low expression was seen in cytoplasm of blastemal cells. Primary and @entity0 showed moderate to high @entity2 expression in blastemal and epithelial cells, with predominantly membranous and cytoplasmic staining. Occasional nuclear staining was noted in @entity0 . Low to high gamma catenin and ezrin expression was seen in cytoplasm of blastemal and epithelial cells of primary and @entity0 . Higher amounts of 92 kDa @entity2 were detected in @entity0 than in normal kidney. Low expression of 120 kDa @entity4 was seen in moderately differentiated @entity0 , whereas expression was lacking in poorly differentiated @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Compared with primary @entity0 , @entity0 showed lower expression of @entity4 and gamma catenin, with nuclear staining for @entity2 . Low @entity4 was associated with poorly differentiated @entity0 . These results suggest that abnormal expression of adhesion proteins correlates with the invasive and metastatic phenotype in @entity3 .

title: Differential expression of XXXX and @entity2 in primary and metastatic @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity4 -catenin adhesion complex is crucial for intercellular adhesiveness and maintenance of tissue architecture. Its impairment is associated with poorly differentiated phenotype and increased invasiveness of @entity1 . AIMS: To evaluate @entity4 , @entity2 , gamma catenin, and ezrin expression and its relation to histopathological features of primary and metastatic @entity3 . METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was used to determine the expression and cellular distribution of @entity4 , @entity2 , gamma catenin, and ezrin in primary and metastatic @entity3 . Western blotting was used to determine polypeptide size and expression of @entity4 and @entity2 in @entity3 compared with normal kidney. RESULTS: Moderate expression of @entity4 was found mainly in cytoplasm and occasionally cell membranes of dysplastic tubules, whereas low expression was seen in cytoplasm of blastemal cells. Primary and @entity0 showed moderate to high @entity2 expression in blastemal and epithelial cells, with predominantly membranous and cytoplasmic staining. Occasional nuclear staining was noted in @entity0 . Low to high gamma catenin and ezrin expression was seen in cytoplasm of blastemal and epithelial cells of primary and @entity0 . Higher amounts of 92 kDa @entity2 were detected in @entity0 than in normal kidney. Low expression of 120 kDa @entity4 was seen in moderately differentiated @entity0 , whereas expression was lacking in poorly differentiated @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Compared with primary @entity0 , @entity0 showed lower expression of @entity4 and gamma catenin, with nuclear staining for @entity2 . Low @entity4 was associated with poorly differentiated @entity0 . These results suggest that abnormal expression of adhesion proteins correlates with the invasive and metastatic phenotype in @entity3 .

title: Differential expression of @entity4 and @entity2 in primary and metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Reprogramming somatic nuclear function by transplantation of nuclei into recipient oocytes is associated with a morphological @entity3 of the somatic nucleus. Successful cloning of animals by nuclear transplantation (NT) demonstrates that reprogramming somatic cell function is possible. However, low pregnancy rates and high frequencies of @entity1 in animals born suggest that reprogramming is rarely complete. To address this issue, we tested the hypothesis that nuclear transplantation leads to nuclear @entity3 . We report the identification of several markers of morphological @entity3 , or lack thereof, of @entity0 cumulus cell nuclei after transplantation into oocytes. Notably, nuclear transplant @entity0 embryos exhibit nuclear assembly of the differentiated cell-specific A-type lamins at the one-cell stage, as a result of misregulation of @entity4 gene expression. The transplanted nuclei also display enhanced concentration of the nuclear matrix-associated protein NuMA as a result of translation from maternal mRNA and de novo transcription. The @entity5 ( @entity5 ), a marker of the nuclear envelope-chromatin interface, is of somatic origin. Furthermore, greater resistance of @entity5 and DNA to in situ extractions of one-cell stage NT embryos with non-ionic detergent, DNase, RNase and @entity2 reflects an enhanced proportion of heterochromatin in these embryos. Passage through first embryonic mitosis does not rescue the defects detected in one-cell stage embryos. We propose that somatic nuclear reprogramming deficiencies by NT might emanate from, at least in part, failure to remodel the somatic nucleus morphologically into a functional embryonic nucleus.

title: Architectural defects in pronuclei of XXXX nuclear transplant embryos.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) permits en bloc removal of superficial @entity5 . However, postprocedure stricture is common after ESD for extensive @entity1 , and multiple @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is required for recalcitrant cases. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of oral @entity3 in controlling postprocedure @entity6 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Endoscopy department at a university hospital. @entity0 : @entity0 who underwent complete circular or semicircular ESD for @entity5 involving more than three fourths of the lumen were treated with either pre-emptive @entity2 or oral @entity3 . INTERVENTION: Preemptive @entity2 was started on the third day post-ESD and continued twice weekly for 8 weeks. Oral @entity3 was started at 30 mg/day on the third day post-ESD , tapered gradually, and then discontinued 8 weeks later. An additional @entity2 was performed on demand in both groups whenever @entity4 appeared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: The incidence of @entity6 and number of @entity2 sessions required to relieve @entity4 . RESULTS: Stricture at 3 months after ESD was found in 7 of 22 @entity0 in the preemptive @entity2 group but only 1 of 19 in the oral @entity3 group (P < .05). The average number of @entity2 sessions required was 15.6 in the preemptive @entity2 group and 1.7 in the oral @entity3 group (P < .0001). After complete circular ESD, 32.7 @entity2 sessions were needed on average in the preemptive @entity2 group, whereas fewer were needed in the oral @entity3 group (P < .05). LIMITATIONS: Nonrandomized study. CONCLUSIONS: Post-ESD esophageal strictures were persistent even if treated preemptively with multiple @entity2 sessions, but oral @entity3 may offer a useful preventive option.

title: Usefulness of oral @entity3 in the treatment of XXXX after endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) permits en bloc removal of superficial @entity5 . However, postprocedure stricture is common after ESD for extensive @entity1 , and multiple @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is required for recalcitrant cases. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of oral @entity3 in controlling postprocedure @entity6 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Endoscopy department at a university hospital. @entity0 : @entity0 who underwent complete circular or semicircular ESD for @entity5 involving more than three fourths of the lumen were treated with either pre-emptive @entity2 or oral @entity3 . INTERVENTION: Preemptive @entity2 was started on the third day post-ESD and continued twice weekly for 8 weeks. Oral @entity3 was started at 30 mg/day on the third day post-ESD , tapered gradually, and then discontinued 8 weeks later. An additional @entity2 was performed on demand in both groups whenever @entity4 appeared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: The incidence of @entity6 and number of @entity2 sessions required to relieve @entity4 . RESULTS: Stricture at 3 months after ESD was found in 7 of 22 @entity0 in the preemptive @entity2 group but only 1 of 19 in the oral @entity3 group (P < .05). The average number of @entity2 sessions required was 15.6 in the preemptive @entity2 group and 1.7 in the oral @entity3 group (P < .0001). After complete circular ESD, 32.7 @entity2 sessions were needed on average in the preemptive @entity2 group, whereas fewer were needed in the oral @entity3 group (P < .05). LIMITATIONS: Nonrandomized study. CONCLUSIONS: Post-ESD esophageal strictures were persistent even if treated preemptively with multiple @entity2 sessions, but oral @entity3 may offer a useful preventive option.

title: Usefulness of oral @entity3 in the treatment of @entity6 after endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) permits en bloc removal of superficial @entity5 . However, postprocedure stricture is common after ESD for extensive @entity1 , and multiple @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is required for recalcitrant cases. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of oral @entity3 in controlling postprocedure @entity6 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Endoscopy department at a university hospital. @entity0 : @entity0 who underwent complete circular or semicircular ESD for @entity5 involving more than three fourths of the lumen were treated with either pre-emptive @entity2 or oral @entity3 . INTERVENTION: Preemptive @entity2 was started on the third day post-ESD and continued twice weekly for 8 weeks. Oral @entity3 was started at 30 mg/day on the third day post-ESD , tapered gradually, and then discontinued 8 weeks later. An additional @entity2 was performed on demand in both groups whenever @entity4 appeared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENT: The incidence of @entity6 and number of @entity2 sessions required to relieve @entity4 . RESULTS: Stricture at 3 months after ESD was found in 7 of 22 @entity0 in the preemptive @entity2 group but only 1 of 19 in the oral @entity3 group (P < .05). The average number of @entity2 sessions required was 15.6 in the preemptive @entity2 group and 1.7 in the oral @entity3 group (P < .0001). After complete circular ESD, 32.7 @entity2 sessions were needed on average in the preemptive @entity2 group, whereas fewer were needed in the oral @entity3 group (P < .05). LIMITATIONS: Nonrandomized study. CONCLUSIONS: Post-ESD esophageal strictures were persistent even if treated preemptively with multiple @entity2 sessions, but oral @entity3 may offer a useful preventive option.

title: Usefulness of oral XXXX in the treatment of @entity6 after endoscopic submucosal dissection for superficial @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Organ procurement practices are tending towards the use of older or more borderline donors. In the current context of steadily decreasing availability of traumatic donors, @entity1 victims make up the majority of donors. In France, where organ procurement activity has stabilized following a period of growth, the possibility of organ donation after a @entity1 is variable and uncertain. STATE OF THE ART: Among potential donors--severe @entity2 @entity0 beyond therapeutic possibilities--those who are @entity1 victims are also those for whom emergency units often initiate the support withdrawal process early, before @entity4 . Yet the time to the final diagnosis of @entity4 is also the time necessary for intensive care before organ procurement. Several teams with expert experience in dealing with relatives in these circumstances have demonstrated the steps of the process. PERSPECTIVES: Potential donors can be admitted to intensive care units with the exclusive aim of organ removal. This strategy can be accepted only if the organ donation has a reasonable chance of success. The probability of @entity4 must therefore be likely and no contraindications found. The key element is open and frank communication with relatives about the severity of @entity3 and the lack of therapeutic alternatives. With the relatives, it is recommended to separate the discussion of withdrawal from the question of possible opposition to organ donation. CONCLUSIONS: This approach allows both support for end-of-life @entity0 , and fulfillment of their wishes with regards to organ donation. It enables case-by-case decision-making, after relatives have agreed on transfer to the intensive care unit for organ removal. Thus, each hospital should institute a fully cooperative care procedure where all therapeutic possibilities are evaluated in order to enable the most appropriate therapeutic approach, and, if applicable, organ procurement.

title: [Management of organ donation for @entity0 with severe @entity2 due to XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Organ procurement practices are tending towards the use of older or more borderline donors. In the current context of steadily decreasing availability of traumatic donors, @entity1 victims make up the majority of donors. In France, where organ procurement activity has stabilized following a period of growth, the possibility of organ donation after a @entity1 is variable and uncertain. STATE OF THE ART: Among potential donors--severe @entity2 @entity0 beyond therapeutic possibilities--those who are @entity1 victims are also those for whom emergency units often initiate the support withdrawal process early, before @entity4 . Yet the time to the final diagnosis of @entity4 is also the time necessary for intensive care before organ procurement. Several teams with expert experience in dealing with relatives in these circumstances have demonstrated the steps of the process. PERSPECTIVES: Potential donors can be admitted to intensive care units with the exclusive aim of organ removal. This strategy can be accepted only if the organ donation has a reasonable chance of success. The probability of @entity4 must therefore be likely and no contraindications found. The key element is open and frank communication with relatives about the severity of @entity3 and the lack of therapeutic alternatives. With the relatives, it is recommended to separate the discussion of withdrawal from the question of possible opposition to organ donation. CONCLUSIONS: This approach allows both support for end-of-life @entity0 , and fulfillment of their wishes with regards to organ donation. It enables case-by-case decision-making, after relatives have agreed on transfer to the intensive care unit for organ removal. Thus, each hospital should institute a fully cooperative care procedure where all therapeutic possibilities are evaluated in order to enable the most appropriate therapeutic approach, and, if applicable, organ procurement.

title: [Management of organ donation for @entity0 with severe XXXX due to @entity1 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Organ procurement practices are tending towards the use of older or more borderline donors. In the current context of steadily decreasing availability of traumatic donors, @entity1 victims make up the majority of donors. In France, where organ procurement activity has stabilized following a period of growth, the possibility of organ donation after a @entity1 is variable and uncertain. STATE OF THE ART: Among potential donors--severe @entity2 @entity0 beyond therapeutic possibilities--those who are @entity1 victims are also those for whom emergency units often initiate the support withdrawal process early, before @entity4 . Yet the time to the final diagnosis of @entity4 is also the time necessary for intensive care before organ procurement. Several teams with expert experience in dealing with relatives in these circumstances have demonstrated the steps of the process. PERSPECTIVES: Potential donors can be admitted to intensive care units with the exclusive aim of organ removal. This strategy can be accepted only if the organ donation has a reasonable chance of success. The probability of @entity4 must therefore be likely and no contraindications found. The key element is open and frank communication with relatives about the severity of @entity3 and the lack of therapeutic alternatives. With the relatives, it is recommended to separate the discussion of withdrawal from the question of possible opposition to organ donation. CONCLUSIONS: This approach allows both support for end-of-life @entity0 , and fulfillment of their wishes with regards to organ donation. It enables case-by-case decision-making, after relatives have agreed on transfer to the intensive care unit for organ removal. Thus, each hospital should institute a fully cooperative care procedure where all therapeutic possibilities are evaluated in order to enable the most appropriate therapeutic approach, and, if applicable, organ procurement.

title: [Management of organ donation for XXXX with severe @entity2 due to @entity1 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: RNA turnover is an essential element of cellular homeostasis and response to environmental change. Whether the ribonucleases that mediate RNA turnover can respond to cellular metabolic status is an unresolved question. Here we present evidence that the Krebs cycle metabolite @entity1 affects the activity of @entity0 polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) and, conversely, that cellular metabolism is affected widely by PNPase activity. An @entity0 that requires PNPase for viability has suppressed growth in the presence of increased @entity1 concentration. Transcriptome analysis reveals a PNPase-mediated response to @entity1 , and PNPase deletion broadly impacts on the metabolome. In vitro, @entity1 directly binds and modulates PNPase activity, as predicted by crystallographic data. Binding of metal-chelated @entity1 in the active site at physiological concentrations appears to inhibit enzyme activity. However, metal-free @entity1 is bound at a vestigial active site, where it stimulates PNPase activity. Mutagenesis data confirmed a potential role of this vestigial site as an allosteric binding pocket that recognizes metal-free @entity1 . Collectively, these findings suggest that RNA degradative pathways communicate with central metabolism. This communication appears to be part of a feedback network that may contribute to global regulation of metabolism and cellular energy efficiency.

title: Polynucleotide phosphorylase activity may be modulated by metabolites in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim if this study was to compare @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of the gallbladder to emergency cholecystectomy (EC) in a well-defined @entity0 group with @entity1 related to acute calculous/ @entity5 (ACC/AAC). METHODS: Between 2001 and 2007, all consecutive @entity0 of our ICU treated by either @entity4 or EC were retrospectively analyzed. Cases were collected from a prospective database. Percutaneous drainage was performed by a transhepatic route and EC by open or laparoscopic approach. @entity0 ' general condition and organ dysfunction were assessed by two validated scoring systems (SAPS II and SOFA, respectively). Morbidity, mortality, and long-term outcome were systematically reviewed and analyzed in both groups. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity0 [median age = 65.5 years (range = 32-94)] were included; 45% underwent EC (ten laparoscopic, nine open) and 55% @entity4 (n = 23). Both @entity0 groups had similar preoperative characteristics. Percutaneous drainage and EC were successful in 91 and 100% of @entity0 , respectively. @entity2 were similarly improved by the third postoperative/postdrainage days. Despite undergoing @entity4 , two @entity0 required EC due to @entity3 . The conversion rate after laparoscopy was 20%. Overall morbidity was 8.7% after @entity4 and 47% after EC (P = 0.011). Major morbidity was 0% after @entity4 and 21% after EC (P = 0.034). The mortality rate was not different (13% after @entity4 and 16% after EC, P = 1.0) and the deaths were all related to the @entity0 ' preexisting disease. Hospital and ICU stays were not different. Recurrent symptoms (17%) occurred only after ACC in the @entity4 group. CONCLUSIONS: In high-risk @entity0 , @entity4 and EC are both efficient in the resolution of @entity6 . However, EC is associated with a higher procedure-related morbidity and the laparoscopic approach is not always possible. Percutaneous drainage represents a valuable intervention, but secondary cholecystectomy is mandatory in cases of acute @entity3 .

title: Percutaneous drainage versus emergency cholecystectomy for the treatment of acute XXXX in critically ill @entity0 : does it matter?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim if this study was to compare @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of the gallbladder to emergency cholecystectomy (EC) in a well-defined @entity0 group with @entity1 related to acute calculous/ @entity5 (ACC/AAC). METHODS: Between 2001 and 2007, all consecutive @entity0 of our ICU treated by either @entity4 or EC were retrospectively analyzed. Cases were collected from a prospective database. Percutaneous drainage was performed by a transhepatic route and EC by open or laparoscopic approach. @entity0 ' general condition and organ dysfunction were assessed by two validated scoring systems (SAPS II and SOFA, respectively). Morbidity, mortality, and long-term outcome were systematically reviewed and analyzed in both groups. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity0 [median age = 65.5 years (range = 32-94)] were included; 45% underwent EC (ten laparoscopic, nine open) and 55% @entity4 (n = 23). Both @entity0 groups had similar preoperative characteristics. Percutaneous drainage and EC were successful in 91 and 100% of @entity0 , respectively. @entity2 were similarly improved by the third postoperative/postdrainage days. Despite undergoing @entity4 , two @entity0 required EC due to @entity3 . The conversion rate after laparoscopy was 20%. Overall morbidity was 8.7% after @entity4 and 47% after EC (P = 0.011). Major morbidity was 0% after @entity4 and 21% after EC (P = 0.034). The mortality rate was not different (13% after @entity4 and 16% after EC, P = 1.0) and the deaths were all related to the @entity0 ' preexisting disease. Hospital and ICU stays were not different. Recurrent symptoms (17%) occurred only after ACC in the @entity4 group. CONCLUSIONS: In high-risk @entity0 , @entity4 and EC are both efficient in the resolution of @entity6 . However, EC is associated with a higher procedure-related morbidity and the laparoscopic approach is not always possible. Percutaneous drainage represents a valuable intervention, but secondary cholecystectomy is mandatory in cases of acute @entity3 .

title: Percutaneous drainage versus emergency cholecystectomy for the treatment of acute @entity3 in critically ill XXXX : does it matter?

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sporadic malignant non-functioning @entity3 (NF-PETs) are an important subset of @entity3 . The aim of this study was to assess the impact of improved imaging on these features in a tertiary referral centre within a 20-year follow-up. @entity0 AND METHODS: From 1988 to 2009, 51 @entity0 were treated for sporadic malignant NF-PETs. Forty-one @entity0 who underwent @entity2 resection were retrospectively attributed according to the date of the initial diagnosis, group 1: 1988-1999 vs. group 2: 2000-2009. RESULTS: Cross-sectional imaging led to positive prediction of NF-PETs in all @entity0 . Curative resection was achieved in 76%. Synchronous metastases were present in 56% with a positive prediction of 43%. In group 1, the mean reported CT-determined @entity2 size was 56 vs. 54  mm in group 2 (p   =   0.89). Synchronous metastases were present in 61% in group 1 vs. 57% (p   =   0.99) in group 2. Metachronous metastases were recorded in 39% in group 1 vs. 43% (p   =   0.84) in group 2. The mean interval from initial resection to diagnosis of @entity1 was significantly shorter (p   =   0.01) in @entity0 from group 1 (14 vs. 61  months). Cumulative 5- and 10-year survival rates were 77% and 72% in group 1 vs. a 5-year survival rate of 66% in group 2. CONCLUSION: So far, improved CT-based imaging has no impact on earlier detection of initial synchronous metastases in sporadic malignant NF-PETs, while metachronous metastases are detected earlier.

title: Impact of CT-based diagnostic imaging on management and outcome of nonfunctioning XXXX .

answer: @entity3