abstract: The epizootiology and histopathology of the myxosporean Parvicapsula sp. was studied during monthly health surveys of 4 groups of @entity3 @entity3 at a commercial farm in Puget Sound, Washington, USA, from 1984 to 1986. No Parvicapsula sp. was detected in histological samples taken from juvenile fish in fresh water, but the parasite was detected in fish from all groups 2 to 8 mo after transfer to seawater net pens. Groups placed in seawater net pens in November and December had a higher prevalence of @entity2 , and a longer period of continuous detected @entity2 , than those introduced into net pens in May. For the groups transferred to seawater in November and December, the highest @entity2 prevalence (45 to 90%) was detected during the following March and April. Among 13 tissues examined histologically, only the pseudobranch and kidney were positive for Parvicapsula sp., with 26 (62%) of 42 positive fish showing @entity2 only in the pseudobranch, 5 (12%) showing @entity2 only in the kidney, and 11 (26%) showing @entity2 in both organs. Both the pseudobranch and kidney were apparent primary @entity2 sites, but @entity2 appeared to persist longer in a population. @entity2 were frequently heavy and associated with extensive @entity0 and @entity1 of filament and lamellar tissues. The kidney had been the only @entity2 site reported for Parvicapsula sp. in previous studies of @entity3 .

title: Epizootiology and histopathology of Parvicapsula sp. in XXXX @entity3 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The epizootiology and histopathology of the myxosporean Parvicapsula sp. was studied during monthly health surveys of 4 groups of @entity3 @entity3 at a commercial farm in Puget Sound, Washington, USA, from 1984 to 1986. No Parvicapsula sp. was detected in histological samples taken from juvenile fish in fresh water, but the parasite was detected in fish from all groups 2 to 8 mo after transfer to seawater net pens. Groups placed in seawater net pens in November and December had a higher prevalence of @entity2 , and a longer period of continuous detected @entity2 , than those introduced into net pens in May. For the groups transferred to seawater in November and December, the highest @entity2 prevalence (45 to 90%) was detected during the following March and April. Among 13 tissues examined histologically, only the pseudobranch and kidney were positive for Parvicapsula sp., with 26 (62%) of 42 positive fish showing @entity2 only in the pseudobranch, 5 (12%) showing @entity2 only in the kidney, and 11 (26%) showing @entity2 in both organs. Both the pseudobranch and kidney were apparent primary @entity2 sites, but @entity2 appeared to persist longer in a population. @entity2 were frequently heavy and associated with extensive @entity0 and @entity1 of filament and lamellar tissues. The kidney had been the only @entity2 site reported for Parvicapsula sp. in previous studies of @entity3 .

title: Epizootiology and histopathology of Parvicapsula sp. in @entity3 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The main aim of this study was to assess the kinetics of intracellular free @entity4 ( @entity2 i) handling by isolated @entity0 hearts rendered @entity1 for 30 min followed by 30 min of reperfusion analyzing the upstroke and downslope of the @entity2 i transient. Changes in mechanical performance and degradation of membrane phospholipids--estimated by tissue @entity5 content--were correlated with @entity2 i levels of the heart. The fluorescence ratio technique was applied to estimate @entity2 i. The disappearance of mechanical activity of the heart preceded that of the @entity2 i transient in the first 2 min of @entity1 . The slope of upstroke of the @entity2 i transient, reflecting @entity2 release, decreased by 60%, while the duration of the downslope of the transient, reflecting @entity2 sequestration, expressed a significant prolongation (105 +/- 17 vs. 149 +/- 39 msec) during the first 3 min of @entity1 . At about 20 min of @entity1 end-diastolic pressure expressed a 3.5-fold increase (contracture) when the fluorescence ratio showed a 2-fold elevation. Reperfusion was accompanied with a further precipitous increase in end-diastolic pressure, while resting @entity2 i remained at end- @entity1 levels. Increases in the @entity5 (AA) content of the @entity1 and postischemic hearts were proportional to @entity2 i levels. In summary, the present findings indicate that both @entity4 release and removal are hampered during the early phase of @entity1 . Moreover, a critical level of @entity2 i and a critical duration of @entity1 may exist to provoke contracture of the heart. Upon reperfusion the hearts show membrane phospholipid degradation and signs of stunning exemplified by elevated AA levels, partial recovery of @entity2 i handling and sustained @entity3 of mechanical performance.

title: Time related changes in XXXX handling in the isolated @entity1 and reperfused @entity0 heart.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The main aim of this study was to assess the kinetics of intracellular free @entity4 ( @entity2 i) handling by isolated @entity0 hearts rendered @entity1 for 30 min followed by 30 min of reperfusion analyzing the upstroke and downslope of the @entity2 i transient. Changes in mechanical performance and degradation of membrane phospholipids--estimated by tissue @entity5 content--were correlated with @entity2 i levels of the heart. The fluorescence ratio technique was applied to estimate @entity2 i. The disappearance of mechanical activity of the heart preceded that of the @entity2 i transient in the first 2 min of @entity1 . The slope of upstroke of the @entity2 i transient, reflecting @entity2 release, decreased by 60%, while the duration of the downslope of the transient, reflecting @entity2 sequestration, expressed a significant prolongation (105 +/- 17 vs. 149 +/- 39 msec) during the first 3 min of @entity1 . At about 20 min of @entity1 end-diastolic pressure expressed a 3.5-fold increase (contracture) when the fluorescence ratio showed a 2-fold elevation. Reperfusion was accompanied with a further precipitous increase in end-diastolic pressure, while resting @entity2 i remained at end- @entity1 levels. Increases in the @entity5 (AA) content of the @entity1 and postischemic hearts were proportional to @entity2 i levels. In summary, the present findings indicate that both @entity4 release and removal are hampered during the early phase of @entity1 . Moreover, a critical level of @entity2 i and a critical duration of @entity1 may exist to provoke contracture of the heart. Upon reperfusion the hearts show membrane phospholipid degradation and signs of stunning exemplified by elevated AA levels, partial recovery of @entity2 i handling and sustained @entity3 of mechanical performance.

title: Time related changes in @entity4 handling in the isolated XXXX and reperfused @entity0 heart.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The main aim of this study was to assess the kinetics of intracellular free @entity4 ( @entity2 i) handling by isolated @entity0 hearts rendered @entity1 for 30 min followed by 30 min of reperfusion analyzing the upstroke and downslope of the @entity2 i transient. Changes in mechanical performance and degradation of membrane phospholipids--estimated by tissue @entity5 content--were correlated with @entity2 i levels of the heart. The fluorescence ratio technique was applied to estimate @entity2 i. The disappearance of mechanical activity of the heart preceded that of the @entity2 i transient in the first 2 min of @entity1 . The slope of upstroke of the @entity2 i transient, reflecting @entity2 release, decreased by 60%, while the duration of the downslope of the transient, reflecting @entity2 sequestration, expressed a significant prolongation (105 +/- 17 vs. 149 +/- 39 msec) during the first 3 min of @entity1 . At about 20 min of @entity1 end-diastolic pressure expressed a 3.5-fold increase (contracture) when the fluorescence ratio showed a 2-fold elevation. Reperfusion was accompanied with a further precipitous increase in end-diastolic pressure, while resting @entity2 i remained at end- @entity1 levels. Increases in the @entity5 (AA) content of the @entity1 and postischemic hearts were proportional to @entity2 i levels. In summary, the present findings indicate that both @entity4 release and removal are hampered during the early phase of @entity1 . Moreover, a critical level of @entity2 i and a critical duration of @entity1 may exist to provoke contracture of the heart. Upon reperfusion the hearts show membrane phospholipid degradation and signs of stunning exemplified by elevated AA levels, partial recovery of @entity2 i handling and sustained @entity3 of mechanical performance.

title: Time related changes in @entity4 handling in the isolated @entity1 and reperfused XXXX heart.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate treatment results for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 younger than 60 yr in stage IIB, treated according to the Swedish National Care Programme. The intention was also to identify specific subgroups depending on the number of negative prognostic factors the @entity0 have, in order to optimise and differentiate future treatment. In total, 99 @entity0 with @entity1 stage IIB, diagnosed between 1985 and 1994, have been analysed. There were 47 @entity0 and 52 @entity0 and the median age was 33 yr (range 17-59). Eighty-six @entity0 presented with supradiaphragmatic disease and 13 with infradiaphragmatic. The @entity1 specific and overall 10-yr survival was 73 and 65%, respectively. The @entity1 -specific survival for @entity0 in pathological stage IIB tended to be better, although not statistically significant than for clinical stage IIB, despite less chemotherapy (P = 0.1). The @entity0 in stage IIB who were selected for laparotomy were, however, younger and with fewer negative prognostic factors. The only significant negative prognostic factor was bulky disease (P = 0.001). The following factors also tended to have a negative influence on the prognosis although not statistically significant: the International Prognostic Score, the number of involved lymph node stations, extranodal involvement and leucocyte count > 15 x 10(9)/L. In conclusion, we suggest that bulky disease should be taken into account when treating @entity0 with stage IIB @entity1 .

title: Bulky disease is the most important prognostic factor in XXXX stage IIB.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess any inconsistency with the protocol guidelines for preoperative radiotherapy for @entity1 among radiotherapy institutions participating in the framework of a multicentre phase-III European Organization for Research and Treatment of @entity1 (EORTC) clinical trial. Twelve radiotherapy departments with more than 10% of the evaluable @entity0 recruited in the trial, were invited to participate in this individual case review. Participating institutions were asked to send five full @entity0 records with the chemotherapy charts, surgical and pathology reports, radiation treatment charts, @entity2 , computed tomography (CT) scans, portal images and follow-up charts. The sample of the 5 @entity0 per institution was randomly selected at the EORTC Data Center. All 12 departments participated. In 21 (35%) of the cases, a three-field technique with two lateral opposed wedge fields and a posterior field was used, while in 39 (65%) of the cases a four-field pelvic box technique was used. All @entity0 used linear accelerators with a minimum of 6 MeV photon-beam energy. In general, the @entity0 were eligible, documentation of clinical data was fair to good and there were no systematic major protocol deviations. The actual total dose was 44.7+/-a standard deviation (S.D.) of 4.6 Gy. Some variation was found in the fraction size. All institutions complied with the protocol in specifying the reference dose at the ICRU point. The clinical target volume (CTV) drawn on the CT scan was narrow in 7 (12%) cases, but eventually the actually treated volumes in terms of planned treatment volume ( @entity3 ) were correct. In two institutions, although the CTV was drawn correctly, the fields appeared to be narrow especially in cranio-caudal direction. Variations in treated volumes and total radiation dose were encountered in the individual case review. By providing recommendations early during the course of the trial, we expect to improve the inter-institutional consistency and to promote a high quality treatment in all of the participating institutions.

title: Quality assurance in the EORTC 22921 trial on preoperative radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy for resectable XXXX : evaluation of the individual case review procedure.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In this study, we examined the contribution of @entity4 ( @entity3 ) receptors on @entity6 expression in the trigeminal brainstem nuclei following acute @entity2 . Mustard oil (MO; 20%, 30 microL) injected into the masseter muscle induced extensive @entity0 and Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-LI) in several trigeminal brainstem areas including the subnucleus caudalis of the trigeminal spinal nucleus (Vc), the ventral and dorsal regions of the Vc/subnucleus interpolaris transition zone, and the paratrigeminal nucleus. In order to assess the effect of antagonizing @entity3 receptors on MO-induced Fos-LI, @entity1 were pre-treated with two different doses of i.v. @entity5 (0.3 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg), a non-competitive @entity3 receptor antagonist, 30 min prior to MO injection. Additional groups of @entity1 received @entity5 (0.3 mg/kg) directly in the masseter muscle or in the biceps muscle 5 min prior to MO injection. A higher dose of i.v. @entity5 (3 mg/kg) and @entity5 given locally into the masseter muscle (0.3 mg/kg) produced a significant reduction in total number of MO-induced Fos-LI. Further analyses revealed that pre-treatment with @entity5 (3 mg/kg i.v.) significantly reduced the Fos-LI all throughout the Vc. Only at the caudal Vc, there was a dose-dependent reduction of MO induced Fos-LI. Pre-treatment with masseteric @entity5 also significantly reduced the Fos-LI in the caudal Vc, with the effect greater than that produced by the same dose of @entity5 given intravenously. These results suggest that peripheral @entity3 receptors contribute to nociceptive processing from craniofacial muscles.

title: Contribution of peripheral XXXX receptors to @entity6 expression in the trigeminal spinal nucleus following acute masseteric inflammation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In this study, we examined the contribution of @entity4 ( @entity3 ) receptors on @entity6 expression in the trigeminal brainstem nuclei following acute @entity2 . Mustard oil (MO; 20%, 30 microL) injected into the masseter muscle induced extensive @entity0 and Fos-like immunoreactivity (Fos-LI) in several trigeminal brainstem areas including the subnucleus caudalis of the trigeminal spinal nucleus (Vc), the ventral and dorsal regions of the Vc/subnucleus interpolaris transition zone, and the paratrigeminal nucleus. In order to assess the effect of antagonizing @entity3 receptors on MO-induced Fos-LI, @entity1 were pre-treated with two different doses of i.v. @entity5 (0.3 mg/kg, 3 mg/kg), a non-competitive @entity3 receptor antagonist, 30 min prior to MO injection. Additional groups of @entity1 received @entity5 (0.3 mg/kg) directly in the masseter muscle or in the biceps muscle 5 min prior to MO injection. A higher dose of i.v. @entity5 (3 mg/kg) and @entity5 given locally into the masseter muscle (0.3 mg/kg) produced a significant reduction in total number of MO-induced Fos-LI. Further analyses revealed that pre-treatment with @entity5 (3 mg/kg i.v.) significantly reduced the Fos-LI all throughout the Vc. Only at the caudal Vc, there was a dose-dependent reduction of MO induced Fos-LI. Pre-treatment with masseteric @entity5 also significantly reduced the Fos-LI in the caudal Vc, with the effect greater than that produced by the same dose of @entity5 given intravenously. These results suggest that peripheral @entity3 receptors contribute to nociceptive processing from craniofacial muscles.

title: Contribution of peripheral @entity4 receptors to XXXX expression in the trigeminal spinal nucleus following acute masseteric inflammation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Despite careful evaluation of changes in hospital care for @entity3 ( @entity3 ), little is known about @entity4 ( @entity4 ) use in the treatment of this disease. There are criteria that define @entity3 as "severe," but evaluation of their predictive value is limited. We compared characteristics, course, and outcome of inpatients who did (n = 170) and did not (n = 1,169) receive @entity4 care in the @entity1 @entity0 Outcomes Research Team prospective cohort. We also assessed the predictive characteristics of four prediction rules (the original and revised American @entity6 Society criteria, the British @entity6 Society criteria, and the @entity1 Severity Index [PSI]) for @entity4 admission, mechanical ventilation, medical complications, and @entity2 (as proxies for severe @entity3 ). @entity4 @entity0 were more likely to be admitted from home and had more comorbid conditions. Reasons for @entity4 admission included @entity7 (57%), hemodynamic monitoring (32%), and @entity5 (16%). @entity4 @entity0 incurred longer hospital stays (23.2 vs. 9.1 days, p < 0.001), higher hospital costs (21,144 dollars vs. 5,785 dollars, p < 0.001), more nonpulmonary organ dysfunction, and higher hospital mortality (18.2 vs. 5.0%, p < 0.001). Although @entity4 @entity0 were sicker, 27% were of low risk (PSI Risk Classes I-III). Severity-adjusted @entity4 admission rates varied across institutions, but mechanical ventilation rates did not. The revised American @entity6 Society criteria rule was the best discriminator of @entity4 admission and mechanical ventilation (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.68 and 0.74, respectively) but none of the prediction rules were particularly good. The PSI was the best predictor of medical complications and @entity2 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.65 and 0.75, respectively), but again, none of the prediction rules were particularly good. In conclusion, @entity4 use for @entity3 is common and expensive but admission rates are variable. Clinical prediction rules for severe @entity3 do not appear adequately robust to guide clinical care at the current time.

title: Severe XXXX : use of intensive care services and evaluation of American and British @entity6 Society Diagnostic criteria.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Despite careful evaluation of changes in hospital care for @entity3 ( @entity3 ), little is known about @entity4 ( @entity4 ) use in the treatment of this disease. There are criteria that define @entity3 as "severe," but evaluation of their predictive value is limited. We compared characteristics, course, and outcome of inpatients who did (n = 170) and did not (n = 1,169) receive @entity4 care in the @entity1 @entity0 Outcomes Research Team prospective cohort. We also assessed the predictive characteristics of four prediction rules (the original and revised American @entity6 Society criteria, the British @entity6 Society criteria, and the @entity1 Severity Index [PSI]) for @entity4 admission, mechanical ventilation, medical complications, and @entity2 (as proxies for severe @entity3 ). @entity4 @entity0 were more likely to be admitted from home and had more comorbid conditions. Reasons for @entity4 admission included @entity7 (57%), hemodynamic monitoring (32%), and @entity5 (16%). @entity4 @entity0 incurred longer hospital stays (23.2 vs. 9.1 days, p < 0.001), higher hospital costs (21,144 dollars vs. 5,785 dollars, p < 0.001), more nonpulmonary organ dysfunction, and higher hospital mortality (18.2 vs. 5.0%, p < 0.001). Although @entity4 @entity0 were sicker, 27% were of low risk (PSI Risk Classes I-III). Severity-adjusted @entity4 admission rates varied across institutions, but mechanical ventilation rates did not. The revised American @entity6 Society criteria rule was the best discriminator of @entity4 admission and mechanical ventilation (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.68 and 0.74, respectively) but none of the prediction rules were particularly good. The PSI was the best predictor of medical complications and @entity2 (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.65 and 0.75, respectively), but again, none of the prediction rules were particularly good. In conclusion, @entity4 use for @entity3 is common and expensive but admission rates are variable. Clinical prediction rules for severe @entity3 do not appear adequately robust to guide clinical care at the current time.

title: Severe @entity3 : use of intensive care services and evaluation of American and British XXXX Society Diagnostic criteria.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are said to lose photosensitivity with age. That is, they do not suffer from photosensitive @entity2 after the third decade of life. This claim seems to be an over generalised statement and does not take into account all other important confounding factors that determine the duration and process of @entity1 . Hence, there are contradictions pertaining to age of freedom of photosensitivity in @entity2 and in @entity2 with photosensitivity. Often @entity0 are declared free from @entity2 activity; however, some of these @entity0 are still found to have @entity3 a few years later. This paper assesses the freedom photosensitivity in 58 @entity4 @entity0 to ascertain validity of the claim that @entity0 lose their photosensitivity with age. Thirty-nine of the 58 @entity0 (67%) were female whilst (33%) were male, giving a female/male ratio of 3:1. The average age of onset of photosensitivity was 7 years. Of all the cases studied forty-one (71%) had a family history of @entity4 , while seventeen (29%) had no family history of @entity4 . Proof of photosensitivity in all the @entity0 was determined by persistent EEG abnormalities including occipital spike and wave discharges. Results show that photosensitivity persisted beyond adolescence; hence, there was no specific age limit of freedom from photosensitivity in @entity0 , especially in those with family history of @entity4 . However, those @entity0 who were having regular antiepileptic medication and/or were taking adequate preventive measures had a temporary period of freedom from sensitivity which lasted 1-4 years. These findings suggest that freedom from photosensitivity is not age-dependent, especially in those @entity0 with family history of @entity4 .

title: XXXX beyond adolescence: is freedom from photosensitivity age-dependent?

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma ghrelin levels and @entity1 in elderly @entity0 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Health consortium medical centers in the Maresme region, Barcelona (Spain). @entity0 : Two groups of subjects: @entity0 >= 70 years (elderly group) and @entity0 25-65 years (young adults). MEASUREMENTS: @entity1 , diagnosed according to the EWGSOP definition, fasting and postprandial plasma ghrelin levels, body composition, hand grip, Barthel score, and frailty using Fried criteria. RESULTS: Fifty-five elderly subjects and 33 young adults were recruited. In both age groups, mean ghrelin levels were significantly higher in @entity0 than in @entity0 . However, mean ghrelin levels were similar in elderly and young @entity0 (716 vs. 752 pg @entity2 , P = 0.763) as well as in elderly and young @entity0 (859 vs. 995 pg @entity2 , P = 0.190). In the elderly group, subjects with @entity1 showed significantly lower ghrelin levels than those without @entity1 (650 vs. 899 pg @entity2 , P = 0.036), but these differences disappeared when stratifying by gender. Elderly subjects without @entity1 had the same ghrelin levels as young adults (899.3 vs. 899.6 pg @entity2 ). In young @entity0 , ghrelin levels correlated with fat free mass (rs = 0.58, P = 0.007) and muscular mass (rs = 0.54, P = 0.015) but these correlations were not observed in @entity0 nor in elderly @entity0 . CONCLUSION: This cross-sectional study does not allow a definitive conclusion about the relationship between ghrelin levels and @entity1 . Further large prospective studies are needed to test this hypothesis.

title: Relationship between Plasma Ghrelin Levels and XXXX in Elderly Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of our study was to evaluate the in vivo feasibility of non-contact Er:YAG laser ablation of the internal limiting membrane (ILM), which is recommended for the treatment of macular holes. METHOD: Vitrectomy was performed in 16 eyes of 15 @entity2 . After perfluorodecalin filling, it was attempted to remove the ILM using a free-running fiber-guided Er:YAG laser (lambda=2.94 microm, pulse length 250 micros, repetition rate 1.7 Hz, radiant exposure 0.6-2.05 J/cm2). The eyes were enucleated either immediately (11 eyes, group 1) or 2 weeks after laser therapy (5 eyes, group 2). Furthermore, in one additional @entity2 eye the retina was carefully treated with microforceps after vitrectomy to assess the damage produced by conventional techniques of ILM peeling. All eyes were examined histologically. RESULTS: Group 1: Nine eyes could be examined (problems with fixation in two eyes). In four of nine eyes, the ILM was either removed or detached, in one eye there was a superficial @entity3 , and in four eyes the ILM was still intact. In the latter cases, there was no intraoperative whitening or @entity1 and no @entity4 was present histologically. Group 2: Four eyes (problems with fixation in one eye) could be examined. The ILM was either removed or detached in three eyes. In one eye there was a superficial @entity3 . In one eye the ILM was not removed and there had neither been intraoperative whitening or @entity1 nor histologically visible @entity4 . In both groups, the nerve fiber layer in treated areas was thicker than in adjacent untreated retina. In one eye the retina was gently manipulated with microforceps in an attempt to perform ILM peeling. This led to damage to all layers of the retina. CONCLUSIONS: Removal of the ILM by Er:YAG laser is possible in vivo. However, the variability of the laser effects calls for further improvement such as a reliable indicator of ablation depth. In any case, any @entity0 was lesser than that produced by microforceps.

title: Internal limiting membrane ablation in XXXX eyes with the Er:YAG laser under perfluorodecalin.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In @entity1 , socially relevant information is communicated with a form of scent marking known as flank marking. There is substantial evidence that @entity2 - @entity3 acting on V1a @entity3 receptors (V1aR) in the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic continuum (MPOA-AH) regulates the expression of flank marking. Previous studies have shown that the expression of flank marking is also influenced by the circulating concentrations of gonadal hormones. In hamsters housed in long 'summer-like' photoperiods (i.e. >12.5 h of light/day), castration reduces flank marking and administration of @entity0 restores precastration levels of flank marking. When exposed to short 'winter-like' photoperiods (i.e. <12.5 h of light/day), hamsters undergo gonadal regression and the circulating levels of @entity0 decline. Surprisingly, flank marking induced during social encounters is not reduced in hamsters exposed to short photoperiods despite the low circulating concentrations of @entity0 . In the present study, it was hypothesized that reductions in @entity0 , caused by exposure to short photoperiod, would not reduce the ability of @entity3 to stimulate flank marking by its actions in the MPOA-AH. The amount of flank marking induced by @entity3 injected into the MPOA-AH did not significantly differ between hamsters housed in long and short photoperiods; however, short photoperiod-exposed males had significantly less V1aR binding in the MPOA than long photoperiod-exposed males. These results support the hypothesis that the sensitivity of the MPOA-AH to @entity3 is not reduced in short photoperiod-exposed males, despite decreases in serum @entity0 . However, by contrast to our predictions, short photoperiod-exposed males have significantly reduced V1aR binding in the MPOA-AH compared to long photoperiod-exposed males.

title: Short-photoperiod exposure reduces @entity3 (V1a) receptor binding but not @entity2 - @entity3 -induced flank marking in male XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In @entity1 , socially relevant information is communicated with a form of scent marking known as flank marking. There is substantial evidence that @entity2 - @entity3 acting on V1a @entity3 receptors (V1aR) in the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic continuum (MPOA-AH) regulates the expression of flank marking. Previous studies have shown that the expression of flank marking is also influenced by the circulating concentrations of gonadal hormones. In hamsters housed in long 'summer-like' photoperiods (i.e. >12.5 h of light/day), castration reduces flank marking and administration of @entity0 restores precastration levels of flank marking. When exposed to short 'winter-like' photoperiods (i.e. <12.5 h of light/day), hamsters undergo gonadal regression and the circulating levels of @entity0 decline. Surprisingly, flank marking induced during social encounters is not reduced in hamsters exposed to short photoperiods despite the low circulating concentrations of @entity0 . In the present study, it was hypothesized that reductions in @entity0 , caused by exposure to short photoperiod, would not reduce the ability of @entity3 to stimulate flank marking by its actions in the MPOA-AH. The amount of flank marking induced by @entity3 injected into the MPOA-AH did not significantly differ between hamsters housed in long and short photoperiods; however, short photoperiod-exposed males had significantly less V1aR binding in the MPOA than long photoperiod-exposed males. These results support the hypothesis that the sensitivity of the MPOA-AH to @entity3 is not reduced in short photoperiod-exposed males, despite decreases in serum @entity0 . However, by contrast to our predictions, short photoperiod-exposed males have significantly reduced V1aR binding in the MPOA-AH compared to long photoperiod-exposed males.

title: Short-photoperiod exposure reduces @entity3 (V1a) receptor binding but not XXXX - @entity3 -induced flank marking in male @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In @entity1 , socially relevant information is communicated with a form of scent marking known as flank marking. There is substantial evidence that @entity2 - @entity3 acting on V1a @entity3 receptors (V1aR) in the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic continuum (MPOA-AH) regulates the expression of flank marking. Previous studies have shown that the expression of flank marking is also influenced by the circulating concentrations of gonadal hormones. In hamsters housed in long 'summer-like' photoperiods (i.e. >12.5 h of light/day), castration reduces flank marking and administration of @entity0 restores precastration levels of flank marking. When exposed to short 'winter-like' photoperiods (i.e. <12.5 h of light/day), hamsters undergo gonadal regression and the circulating levels of @entity0 decline. Surprisingly, flank marking induced during social encounters is not reduced in hamsters exposed to short photoperiods despite the low circulating concentrations of @entity0 . In the present study, it was hypothesized that reductions in @entity0 , caused by exposure to short photoperiod, would not reduce the ability of @entity3 to stimulate flank marking by its actions in the MPOA-AH. The amount of flank marking induced by @entity3 injected into the MPOA-AH did not significantly differ between hamsters housed in long and short photoperiods; however, short photoperiod-exposed males had significantly less V1aR binding in the MPOA than long photoperiod-exposed males. These results support the hypothesis that the sensitivity of the MPOA-AH to @entity3 is not reduced in short photoperiod-exposed males, despite decreases in serum @entity0 . However, by contrast to our predictions, short photoperiod-exposed males have significantly reduced V1aR binding in the MPOA-AH compared to long photoperiod-exposed males.

title: Short-photoperiod exposure reduces XXXX (V1a) receptor binding but not @entity2 - @entity3 -induced flank marking in male @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In @entity1 , socially relevant information is communicated with a form of scent marking known as flank marking. There is substantial evidence that @entity2 - @entity3 acting on V1a @entity3 receptors (V1aR) in the medial preoptic-anterior hypothalamic continuum (MPOA-AH) regulates the expression of flank marking. Previous studies have shown that the expression of flank marking is also influenced by the circulating concentrations of gonadal hormones. In hamsters housed in long 'summer-like' photoperiods (i.e. >12.5 h of light/day), castration reduces flank marking and administration of @entity0 restores precastration levels of flank marking. When exposed to short 'winter-like' photoperiods (i.e. <12.5 h of light/day), hamsters undergo gonadal regression and the circulating levels of @entity0 decline. Surprisingly, flank marking induced during social encounters is not reduced in hamsters exposed to short photoperiods despite the low circulating concentrations of @entity0 . In the present study, it was hypothesized that reductions in @entity0 , caused by exposure to short photoperiod, would not reduce the ability of @entity3 to stimulate flank marking by its actions in the MPOA-AH. The amount of flank marking induced by @entity3 injected into the MPOA-AH did not significantly differ between hamsters housed in long and short photoperiods; however, short photoperiod-exposed males had significantly less V1aR binding in the MPOA than long photoperiod-exposed males. These results support the hypothesis that the sensitivity of the MPOA-AH to @entity3 is not reduced in short photoperiod-exposed males, despite decreases in serum @entity0 . However, by contrast to our predictions, short photoperiod-exposed males have significantly reduced V1aR binding in the MPOA-AH compared to long photoperiod-exposed males.

title: Short-photoperiod exposure reduces @entity3 (V1a) receptor binding but not @entity2 - XXXX -induced flank marking in male @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity4 ) is a non-competitive NMDA @entity6 receptor antagonist that induces psychotomimetic effects in @entity0 and experimental animals. Chronic @entity4 exposure elicits signs of persistently altered frontal brain activity and related behaviors which are also seen in @entity0 with @entity2 . @entity8 ( @entity8 ) belongs to the chromogranin family of proteins that exist in large dense core vesicles in nervous tissue. In the brain, 90% of @entity8 is processed to the small peptide secretoneurin. We previously detected differential effects of single-dose and subchronic @entity4 administration on @entity8 expression in the @entity1 prefrontal cortex (PFC). In the present study, we applied @entity4 to organotypic PFC slices. @entity4 application for 28 h induced decreased tissue and culture medium secretoneurin content. In contrast, incubation with the adenylate cyclase activator @entity5 caused significantly increased @entity9 levels after 8 h. @entity4 for 4 h followed by 24 h without @entity4 resulted in increased culture medium secretoneurin content but no change in tissue levels. @entity8 mRNA expression was decreased after 28 h @entity4 application in cortical neurons. Immunohistochemical and TUNEL staining profiles indicated that the alterations were not due to @entity3 . @entity4 for 5 days changed neither the secretoneurin tissue or culture medium levels, nor the @entity8 mRNA expression. These results demonstrate that @entity4 modulates @entity8 expression in PFC tissue in the absence of afferent inputs and that the nature of these changes is dependent upon the duration of exposure to and/or withdrawal from @entity4 .

title: Differential effects of @entity7 application on XXXX expression in organotypic slices of @entity1 prefrontal cortex.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity4 ) is a non-competitive NMDA @entity6 receptor antagonist that induces psychotomimetic effects in @entity0 and experimental animals. Chronic @entity4 exposure elicits signs of persistently altered frontal brain activity and related behaviors which are also seen in @entity0 with @entity2 . @entity8 ( @entity8 ) belongs to the chromogranin family of proteins that exist in large dense core vesicles in nervous tissue. In the brain, 90% of @entity8 is processed to the small peptide secretoneurin. We previously detected differential effects of single-dose and subchronic @entity4 administration on @entity8 expression in the @entity1 prefrontal cortex (PFC). In the present study, we applied @entity4 to organotypic PFC slices. @entity4 application for 28 h induced decreased tissue and culture medium secretoneurin content. In contrast, incubation with the adenylate cyclase activator @entity5 caused significantly increased @entity9 levels after 8 h. @entity4 for 4 h followed by 24 h without @entity4 resulted in increased culture medium secretoneurin content but no change in tissue levels. @entity8 mRNA expression was decreased after 28 h @entity4 application in cortical neurons. Immunohistochemical and TUNEL staining profiles indicated that the alterations were not due to @entity3 . @entity4 for 5 days changed neither the secretoneurin tissue or culture medium levels, nor the @entity8 mRNA expression. These results demonstrate that @entity4 modulates @entity8 expression in PFC tissue in the absence of afferent inputs and that the nature of these changes is dependent upon the duration of exposure to and/or withdrawal from @entity4 .

title: Differential effects of XXXX application on @entity8 expression in organotypic slices of @entity1 prefrontal cortex.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity4 ) is a non-competitive NMDA @entity6 receptor antagonist that induces psychotomimetic effects in @entity0 and experimental animals. Chronic @entity4 exposure elicits signs of persistently altered frontal brain activity and related behaviors which are also seen in @entity0 with @entity2 . @entity8 ( @entity8 ) belongs to the chromogranin family of proteins that exist in large dense core vesicles in nervous tissue. In the brain, 90% of @entity8 is processed to the small peptide secretoneurin. We previously detected differential effects of single-dose and subchronic @entity4 administration on @entity8 expression in the @entity1 prefrontal cortex (PFC). In the present study, we applied @entity4 to organotypic PFC slices. @entity4 application for 28 h induced decreased tissue and culture medium secretoneurin content. In contrast, incubation with the adenylate cyclase activator @entity5 caused significantly increased @entity9 levels after 8 h. @entity4 for 4 h followed by 24 h without @entity4 resulted in increased culture medium secretoneurin content but no change in tissue levels. @entity8 mRNA expression was decreased after 28 h @entity4 application in cortical neurons. Immunohistochemical and TUNEL staining profiles indicated that the alterations were not due to @entity3 . @entity4 for 5 days changed neither the secretoneurin tissue or culture medium levels, nor the @entity8 mRNA expression. These results demonstrate that @entity4 modulates @entity8 expression in PFC tissue in the absence of afferent inputs and that the nature of these changes is dependent upon the duration of exposure to and/or withdrawal from @entity4 .

title: Differential effects of @entity7 application on @entity8 expression in organotypic slices of XXXX prefrontal cortex.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bacteria develop resistance to @entity1 by producing @entity7 -modifying enzymes such as acetyltransferase, phosphorylase, and adenyltransferase. These enzymes, however, cannot confer consistent resistance to various @entity1 because of their substrate specificity. Notwithstanding, a @entity2 AR-2 showing high-level resistance (minimum inhibitory concentration >1024 mg/L) to various @entity1 was isolated clinically. We aimed to clone and characterise the genetic determinant of this resistance. METHODS: We used conventional methods for DNA manipulation, susceptibility testing, and gene analyses to clone and characterise the genetic determinant of the resistance seen. PCR detection of the gene was also done on a stock of @entity2 strains that were isolated clinically since 1997. FINDINGS: An @entity7 -resistance gene, designated rmtA, was identified in @entity2 AR-2. The @entity0 transformant and transconjugant harbouring the rmtA gene showed very high-level resistance to various @entity1 , including @entity6 , @entity4 , @entity11 , @entity10 , @entity9 , and @entity3 . The 756-bp @entity5 rmtA gene encoded a protein, RmtA. This protein showed considerable similarity to the 16S rRNA methylases of @entity7 -producing actinomycetes, which protect bacterial 16S rRNA from intrinsic @entity1 by methylation. Incorporation of radiolabelled @entity8 groups into the 30S ribosome was detected in the presence of RmtA. Of 1113 clinically isolated @entity2 strains, nine carried the rmtA gene, as shown by PCR analyses. INTERPRETATION: Our findings strongly suggest intergeneric lateral gene transfer of 16S rRNA methylase gene from some @entity7 -producing microorganisms to @entity2 . Further dissemination of the rmtA gene in nosocomial bacteria could be a matter of concern in the future.

title: Acquisition of 16S rRNA methylase gene in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: To determine the best and simplest method for cryopreservation of @entity2 hepatocytes, we compared immediate cryopreservation with cryopreservation after short-term culture. Suckling @entity2 hepatocytes were isolated by a modified 2-step in situ collagenase perfusion method, suspended in serum-free medium, and preserved for 10 da by two cryopreservation methods. Serial measurements were made of cell viability, LDH release, synthesis of protein, @entity1 and @entity0 , @entity0 -6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) activity, and @entity3 transformation after thawing. These measurements were performed on both groups of cultured hepatocytes, and on freshly isolated hepatocytes, which served as a control. High viability (>95%)of thawed hepatocytes was obtained and maintained in both cryopreservation groups. There were no significant differences in cell viability, protein synthesis, @entity0 synthesis, G-6-Pase activity, or @entity3 transformation between the two cryopreservation groups. In the immediate cryopreservation group, @entity1 synthesis was less than in the group with cryopreservation after short-term culture. Protein synthesis, @entity0 synthesis, and @entity3 transformation were lower in both cryopreserved groups than in the controls. The results showed that a protocol of immediate cryopreservation of hepatocytes in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% @entity4 , hormones, growth factors, and 10% newborn bovine serum, together with rate-controlled freezing and rapid thawing, provides indices of cell viability and function during subsequent serum-free culture that are comparable to hepatocytes cryopreserved after short-term culture, except for lower @entity1 production. This simple procedure can be used in studies of bioartificial liver and hepatocyte transplantation.

title: Cryopreservation of suckling XXXX hepatocytes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships of job strain and iso-strain psychosocial work environment exposures to 'total coronary risk' (TCR) in a cohort of male and female workers in Belgium. METHODS: The sample consists of 15,079 @entity0 and 4639 @entity0 aged 35-59 years employed in a wide range of occupations and free of any self-reported personal history of @entity2 . Karasek's job strain model was used to define high strain (high demands and low control), @entity1 , active and passive jobs. Iso-strain was defined as the combination of a high strain job with low worksite social support, and is compared to the other combinations. Total coronary risk is a composite measure based on a Framingham function assessing the risk of developing @entity2 ( @entity2 ) within the next 10 years; high and low levels of TCR were defined. Logistic regressions in each gender were applied to explore relationships, adjusting for age, level of education, occupational class and sector of employment. RESULTS: In male workers, the age-adjusted prevalence of high TCR is highest in (1) in the lowest quartile group of job control and (2) in the 'high strain' group. The multivariate logistic regressions comparing high strain, active and passive work exposures to @entity1 work did not indicate a significant association with high TCR. Likewise, iso-strain jobs were neither found to be associated with high TCR. CONCLUSION: Our cross-sectional analysis provides no support for the hypothesis that the psychosocial work environment is strongly associated with the TCR estimate in healthy workers.

title: Relationship of perceived job stress to total coronary risk in a cohort of working XXXX and @entity0 in Belgium.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships of job strain and iso-strain psychosocial work environment exposures to 'total coronary risk' (TCR) in a cohort of male and female workers in Belgium. METHODS: The sample consists of 15,079 @entity0 and 4639 @entity0 aged 35-59 years employed in a wide range of occupations and free of any self-reported personal history of @entity2 . Karasek's job strain model was used to define high strain (high demands and low control), @entity1 , active and passive jobs. Iso-strain was defined as the combination of a high strain job with low worksite social support, and is compared to the other combinations. Total coronary risk is a composite measure based on a Framingham function assessing the risk of developing @entity2 ( @entity2 ) within the next 10 years; high and low levels of TCR were defined. Logistic regressions in each gender were applied to explore relationships, adjusting for age, level of education, occupational class and sector of employment. RESULTS: In male workers, the age-adjusted prevalence of high TCR is highest in (1) in the lowest quartile group of job control and (2) in the 'high strain' group. The multivariate logistic regressions comparing high strain, active and passive work exposures to @entity1 work did not indicate a significant association with high TCR. Likewise, iso-strain jobs were neither found to be associated with high TCR. CONCLUSION: Our cross-sectional analysis provides no support for the hypothesis that the psychosocial work environment is strongly associated with the TCR estimate in healthy workers.

title: Relationship of perceived job stress to total coronary risk in a cohort of working @entity0 and XXXX in Belgium.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Cycylooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) has been shown to play a significant role in the carcinogenesis of various @entity0 @entity2 . Recent experimental work suggests that Cox-2 expression may reduce the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. We examined Cox-2 expression in @entity3 and its relationship to clinicopathologic factors, survival data, and outcome in @entity0 receiving @entity4 -based chemotherapy. METHODS: In 157 @entity0 after cystectomy for @entity3 , Cox-2 was assessed immunohistochemically; 62 @entity0 had received chemotherapy, either adjuvant or for @entity1 . Results were correlated with clinical data, survival and outcome of chemotherapy. RESULTS: Cox-2 expression was present in 131 @entity0 (83.4%). Expression did not correlate with @entity2 stage and histologic grade, but was significantly related to histologic subtype (TCC vs. SCC, p=0.038). Survival analysis showed no relation between Cox-2 expression and overall and disease-free survival; however, in the subgroup of 62 @entity0 who received chemotherapy, strong Cox-2 expression significantly correlated with poor overall survival (p=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: High expression of Cox-2 in @entity3 @entity0 receiving chemotherapy was significantly associated with shorter survival. Further studies are warranted to clarify if combining chemotherapy with Cox-2-inhibition has an impact on response and survival rates.

title: Cyclooxygenase-2 expression in XXXX : correlation with poor outcome after chemotherapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Brahman preimplantation embryos are less affected by exposure to @entity2 than Holstein embryos. Two experiments were conducted to test whether the ability of Brahman embryos to resist the deleterious effects of @entity2 was a result of the genetic and cellular contributions from the oocyte, spermatozoa, or a combination of both. In the first experiment, Brahman and Holstein oocytes were collected from slaughterhouse ovaries and fertilized with spermatozoa from an Angus bull. A different bull was used for each replicate to eliminate bull effects. On day 4 after fertilization, embryos >or= 9 cells were collected and randomly assigned to control (38.5 degrees C) or @entity2 (41 degrees C for 6 hr) treatments. The proportion of embryos developing to the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ; expanded and hatched) stages was recorded on day 8. @entity2 reduced the number of embryos produced from Holstein oocytes that developed to @entity3 (P < 0.001, 55.6 +/- 4.2% vs. 29.8 +/- 4.2%) and @entity1 (P < 0.01, 37.7 +/- 3.6% vs. 12.2 +/- 3.6%) on day 8 as compared to controls. In contrast, @entity2 did not reduce development of embryos produced from Brahman oocytes ( @entity3 = 42.1 +/- 4.8% vs. 55.6 +/- 4.8% for 38.5 and 41 degrees C, respectively; @entity1 = 17.6 +/- 4.2% vs. 32.4 +/- 4.2%). In the second experiment, oocytes from Holstein @entity0 were fertilized with semen from bulls of either Brahman or Angus breeds. @entity2 of embryos >or= 9 cells reduced development to @entity3 (P < 0.002) and @entity1 (P < 0.005) for embryos sired by both Brahman ( @entity3 = 54.3 +/- 7.7% vs. 23.4 +/- 7.7%; @entity1 = 43. +/- 7.4% vs. 7.9 +/- 7.4%, for 38.5 and 41 degrees C, respectively) and Angus bulls ( @entity3 = 57.9 +/- 7.7% vs. 31.0 +/- 7.7%; @entity1 = 33.6 +/- 7.4% vs. 18.4 +/- 7.4%, for 38.5 and 41 degrees C, respectively). There were no breed x temperature interactions. Results suggest that the oocyte plays a more significant role in the resistance of Brahman embryos to the deleterious effects of @entity2 than the spermatozoa.

title: Inheritance of resistance of XXXX preimplantation embryos to @entity2 : relative importance of the maternal versus paternal contribution.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Brahman preimplantation embryos are less affected by exposure to @entity2 than Holstein embryos. Two experiments were conducted to test whether the ability of Brahman embryos to resist the deleterious effects of @entity2 was a result of the genetic and cellular contributions from the oocyte, spermatozoa, or a combination of both. In the first experiment, Brahman and Holstein oocytes were collected from slaughterhouse ovaries and fertilized with spermatozoa from an Angus bull. A different bull was used for each replicate to eliminate bull effects. On day 4 after fertilization, embryos >or= 9 cells were collected and randomly assigned to control (38.5 degrees C) or @entity2 (41 degrees C for 6 hr) treatments. The proportion of embryos developing to the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ; expanded and hatched) stages was recorded on day 8. @entity2 reduced the number of embryos produced from Holstein oocytes that developed to @entity3 (P < 0.001, 55.6 +/- 4.2% vs. 29.8 +/- 4.2%) and @entity1 (P < 0.01, 37.7 +/- 3.6% vs. 12.2 +/- 3.6%) on day 8 as compared to controls. In contrast, @entity2 did not reduce development of embryos produced from Brahman oocytes ( @entity3 = 42.1 +/- 4.8% vs. 55.6 +/- 4.8% for 38.5 and 41 degrees C, respectively; @entity1 = 17.6 +/- 4.2% vs. 32.4 +/- 4.2%). In the second experiment, oocytes from Holstein @entity0 were fertilized with semen from bulls of either Brahman or Angus breeds. @entity2 of embryos >or= 9 cells reduced development to @entity3 (P < 0.002) and @entity1 (P < 0.005) for embryos sired by both Brahman ( @entity3 = 54.3 +/- 7.7% vs. 23.4 +/- 7.7%; @entity1 = 43. +/- 7.4% vs. 7.9 +/- 7.4%, for 38.5 and 41 degrees C, respectively) and Angus bulls ( @entity3 = 57.9 +/- 7.7% vs. 31.0 +/- 7.7%; @entity1 = 33.6 +/- 7.4% vs. 18.4 +/- 7.4%, for 38.5 and 41 degrees C, respectively). There were no breed x temperature interactions. Results suggest that the oocyte plays a more significant role in the resistance of Brahman embryos to the deleterious effects of @entity2 than the spermatozoa.

title: Inheritance of resistance of @entity0 preimplantation embryos to XXXX : relative importance of the maternal versus paternal contribution.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: The prognosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was poor. To authors' knowledge, the relationship between inducible @entity3 synthase ( @entity5 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and the prognosis of @entity4 has not been addressed to date. This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic significance of these two parameters in @entity4 . METHODS: The expression of @entity5 and @entity2 protein in 64 @entity0 with @entity4 using LSAB method and pathologic imagine analysis system and their association with neck lymph node @entity1 , recurrence, and prognosis. RESULTS: (1) The expression of @entity5 and @entity2 was significantly higher in cervical lymph node positive group (33.2+/-8.8 and 36.1+/-7.8) than in negative group (27.3+/-7.4 and 24.5+/-7.5) with statistical significance. The expression of @entity5 and @entity2 was higher in recurrence group (36.9+/-1.7 and 34.6+/-2.0) than in no-recurrence group (29.1+/-1.3 and 27.2+/-1.4) with statistical significance. (2) @entity0 with positive neck lymph node had poorer 5-year survival than those with negative neck lymph node (31.0% vs. 57.1%). @entity0 with positive @entity5 expression had poorer 5-year survival than those with the negative @entity5 expression (40.0% vs. 77.8%). However, there was no statistical significance between positive @entity2 expression group and negative @entity2 expression group. (3) Cox model multivariate regression analysis showed that lymph node status, the expression of @entity5 and postoperative radiotherapy were independent prognosis factors, whereas the T staging and the expression of @entity2 were not. CONCLUSION: The expression of @entity5 was one of the independent prognostic factors, but it is necessary to study further for @entity5 and @entity2 to predict the prognosis of @entity0 with @entity4 using immunohistochemical technique.

title: [Inducible @entity3 synthase and @entity2 expression as prognostic factors in XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: The prognosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was poor. To authors' knowledge, the relationship between inducible @entity3 synthase ( @entity5 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and the prognosis of @entity4 has not been addressed to date. This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic significance of these two parameters in @entity4 . METHODS: The expression of @entity5 and @entity2 protein in 64 @entity0 with @entity4 using LSAB method and pathologic imagine analysis system and their association with neck lymph node @entity1 , recurrence, and prognosis. RESULTS: (1) The expression of @entity5 and @entity2 was significantly higher in cervical lymph node positive group (33.2+/-8.8 and 36.1+/-7.8) than in negative group (27.3+/-7.4 and 24.5+/-7.5) with statistical significance. The expression of @entity5 and @entity2 was higher in recurrence group (36.9+/-1.7 and 34.6+/-2.0) than in no-recurrence group (29.1+/-1.3 and 27.2+/-1.4) with statistical significance. (2) @entity0 with positive neck lymph node had poorer 5-year survival than those with negative neck lymph node (31.0% vs. 57.1%). @entity0 with positive @entity5 expression had poorer 5-year survival than those with the negative @entity5 expression (40.0% vs. 77.8%). However, there was no statistical significance between positive @entity2 expression group and negative @entity2 expression group. (3) Cox model multivariate regression analysis showed that lymph node status, the expression of @entity5 and postoperative radiotherapy were independent prognosis factors, whereas the T staging and the expression of @entity2 were not. CONCLUSION: The expression of @entity5 was one of the independent prognostic factors, but it is necessary to study further for @entity5 and @entity2 to predict the prognosis of @entity0 with @entity4 using immunohistochemical technique.

title: [Inducible @entity3 synthase and XXXX expression as prognostic factors in @entity4 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: The prognosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was poor. To authors' knowledge, the relationship between inducible @entity3 synthase ( @entity5 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and the prognosis of @entity4 has not been addressed to date. This study was designed to evaluate the prognostic significance of these two parameters in @entity4 . METHODS: The expression of @entity5 and @entity2 protein in 64 @entity0 with @entity4 using LSAB method and pathologic imagine analysis system and their association with neck lymph node @entity1 , recurrence, and prognosis. RESULTS: (1) The expression of @entity5 and @entity2 was significantly higher in cervical lymph node positive group (33.2+/-8.8 and 36.1+/-7.8) than in negative group (27.3+/-7.4 and 24.5+/-7.5) with statistical significance. The expression of @entity5 and @entity2 was higher in recurrence group (36.9+/-1.7 and 34.6+/-2.0) than in no-recurrence group (29.1+/-1.3 and 27.2+/-1.4) with statistical significance. (2) @entity0 with positive neck lymph node had poorer 5-year survival than those with negative neck lymph node (31.0% vs. 57.1%). @entity0 with positive @entity5 expression had poorer 5-year survival than those with the negative @entity5 expression (40.0% vs. 77.8%). However, there was no statistical significance between positive @entity2 expression group and negative @entity2 expression group. (3) Cox model multivariate regression analysis showed that lymph node status, the expression of @entity5 and postoperative radiotherapy were independent prognosis factors, whereas the T staging and the expression of @entity2 were not. CONCLUSION: The expression of @entity5 was one of the independent prognostic factors, but it is necessary to study further for @entity5 and @entity2 to predict the prognosis of @entity0 with @entity4 using immunohistochemical technique.

title: [Inducible XXXX synthase and @entity2 expression as prognostic factors in @entity4 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Clinical studies showed there is no satisfying treatment efficacy of the @entity0 with advanced @entity1 ( @entity1 ) using conventional fractionated radiotherapy. It is important to treat the @entity0 with advanced @entity1 using different fractionated radiotherapy and radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. The current study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and radiation reactions of accelerated fractionated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy for advanced @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: From June 1993 to June 1996, 416 @entity0 pathologically confirmed @entity1 who firstly underwent radiotherapy were divided into three groups: accelerated fractionated radiotherapy group (AF group, n=138, 6 fractions per week, one time per day, 180-190 cGy per day to a total dose of 7,400-7,600 cGy). Accelerated fractionated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy group (AFC group, n=139, 6 fractions per week, one time per day, 180-190 cGy per day to a total dose of 7,400-7,600 cGy, @entity2 and @entity3 one time per week) and conventional fractionated radiotherapy group ( @entity4 group, n=139, 5 fractions per week, one time per day, 200 cGy per day to a total dose of 7,000-7,600 cGy). The local recurrent rate, 5-year survival rate, and acute radiation reactions in the three groups were observed. RESULTS: All @entity0 were followed up for more than 5 years. The local recurrent rates in AF group (16.7%) and AFC group (13.6%) were lower than that in @entity4 group (27.3%)(P< 0.05). The 5-year survival rates in AF group (53.6%) and AFC group (57.6%) were higher than that in @entity4 group (43.8%)(P< 0.05). The acute radiation reactions in AF group (47.1%) and AFC group (51.1%) were higher than that in @entity4 group (33.8%)(P< 0.05). CONCLUSION: AF and AFC schedules are feasible in reducing local recurrent rate and enhancing 5-year survival rate for @entity0 with advanced @entity1 . The acute radiation reactions of the AF and AFC groups are tolerable.

title: [Accelerated fractionated radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy in advanced XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: It is a hot spot in @entity1 therapies to inhibit the angiogenesis of @entity3 . Our current study was designed to investigate the inhibitory effect of somatostatin analogue on the angiogenesis of @entity4 by hypodermic injection. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity0 who have positive expression of @entity2 and @entity6 ( @entity6 )were selected by gastroscopic biopsy and immunohistochemical staining before surgical operation. After 7 days of Sandostatin administration (10 microg/kg, hypodermic injection, twice a day), the @entity1 extirpations were made. During the Sandostatin treatment, the serum levels of @entity2 and the @entity5 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) (d1,d3,d7, separately). Before and after operation,the expression levels of @entity2 and @entity5 were examined by Western blot analysis and the density of micro-vessels was determined by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS: After a week of Sandostatin therapy,the concentration of @entity2 and @entity5 in serum was drastically diminished ( @entity2 :1.02+/-0.41 microg /L vs 1.88+/-0.87 microg/L, P< 0.05; @entity5 :0.88+/-0.32 ng/L vs 2.12+/-1.06 ng/L,P< 0.05). The expression levels of @entity2 (absorbance:1.306 vs 488,P< 0.01) and @entity5 (absorbance:1.287 vs 512,P< 0.01) were obviously decreased after the remedy. The density of micro-vessels turn to the less, but there was no statistical difference before and after operation(P >0.05). CONCLUSION: By the short-term therapy of sandostatin, the expression of @entity2 and @entity5 can be inhibited. There is a tendency that the serum levels of @entity2 and @entity5 decrease with the increase of therapy time.

title: [Effects of short-term treatment of somatostatin on angiogenesis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find whether fbetahCG, @entity5 and inhibin-A levels in maternal serum or fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness at the first-trimester screening for trisomy 21 (T21) might detect @entity0 at high risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 1136 @entity0 with singleton pregnancy between 10 and 14 weeks. @entity0 with @entity4 were allotted to five subgroups: small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), gestational @entity1 (GDM), @entity2 , @entity3 ; @entity0 with normal pregnancy represented the control group. NT, maternal serum fbetahCG, @entity5 and inhibin-A were measured. Mann-Whitney test was used for the comparison of fbetahCG, @entity5 , inhibin-A and NT between a subgroup of a certain pregnancy complication and the control group. Multivariate logistic regression models were built to explore the relationship among different variables and the occurrence of @entity4 . RESULTS: @entity5 values were significantly lower in @entity0 who delivered SGA babies (n=51, 0.76 MoM; p=0.002) and significantly higher in @entity0 who delivered LGA babies (n=120, 1.12 MoM; p=0.036). In @entity0 with GDM (n=27), fbetahCG, @entity5 and inhibin-A were insignificantly lower than in controls, whereas in @entity0 with @entity2 (n=56) no significant differences between the groups were found. In @entity0 with a @entity3 (<34 weeks) (n=17), inhibin-A levels were significantly higher (1.25 MoM; p=0.015). CONCLUSION: Low @entity5 level is associated with the delivery of an SGA baby and high @entity5 with the delivery of an LGA baby. High inhibin-A is associated with @entity3 before 34 weeks. Feto-placental products in the first trimester do not prove to be useful as a screening tool for predicting @entity4 .

title: Predicting complications of pregnancy with first-trimester maternal serum free-betahCG, XXXX and inhibin-A.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of fast neutron radiotherapy for the treatment of @entity5 . DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: University of @entity2 Center, Neutron Facility, Seattle. @entity0 : The medical records of 279 @entity0 treated with curative intent using fast neutron radiotherapy at the University of @entity2 Center were reviewed. Of the 279 @entity0 , 263 had evidence of gross @entity3 at the time of treatment (16 had no evidence of gross @entity3 ), 141 had @entity2 of a major salivary gland, and 138 had @entity2 of minor salivary glands. The median follow-up period was 36 months (range, 1-142 months). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Local-regional control, cause-specific survival, and freedom from @entity1 . RESULTS: The 6-year actuarial cause-specific survival rate was 67%. Multivariate analysis revealed that low group stage (I-II) disease, minor salivary sites, lack of skull base invasion, and @entity3 were associated with a statistically significant improvement in cause-specific survival. The 6-year actuarial local-regional control rate was 59%. Multivariate analysis revealed size 4 cm or smaller, lack of base of skull invasion, prior surgical resection, and no previous radiotherapy to have a statistically significant improved local-regional control. Sixteen @entity0 without evidence of gross @entity3 had a 100% 6-year actuarial local-regional control. The 6-year actuarial freedom from @entity1 rate was 64%. Factors associated with decreased development of systemic metastases included negative lymph nodes at the time of treatment and lack of base of skull involvement. The 6-year actuarial rate of development of grade 3 or 4 long-term @entity4 (using the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group and European Organization for Research on the Treatment of @entity2 criteria) was 10%. No @entity0 experienced grade 5 toxic effects. CONCLUSIONS: Neuron radiotherapy is an effective treatment for @entity0 with @entity5 who have gross @entity3 and achieves excellent local-regional control in @entity0 without evidence of gross disease.

title: Treatment of XXXX with fast neutron radiotherapy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Infantile and juvenile forms of @entity8 are well characterized and are caused by de novo mutations in the glial fibrillary acid protein ( @entity5 ) gene. In contrast, the adult form of the disease has been rarely described, and the etiology of this variant remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the clinical phenotype and identify the gene causing an autosomal dominant form of adult @entity8 . METHODS: We identified a large kindred segregating clinical features compatible with adult @entity8 in an autosomal dominant fashion. A neurological examination was performed on all affected members of this family. Most of these @entity0 also underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and a polysomnographic study. The diagnosis was confirmed pathologically in 2 individuals. We screened all coding regions of the @entity5 gene in affected individuals by means of direct sequencing and single-stranded conformational polymorphisms analysis. RESULTS: We found a novel @entity9 mutation in @entity5 in all affected individuals. This mutation was not detected in more than 100 control subjects. Clinical and radiological features of affected individuals were clearly different from those of @entity0 with the infantile and juvenile forms of the disease. The most consistent finding was the presence of bulbar signs. In addition, @entity2 (mainly sleep @entity4 ), symptoms of @entity7 , and @entity6 were found in all affected individuals. In younger @entity0 , magnetic resonance imaging showed T2 signal abnormalities in the medulla compatible with an area of @entity1 . In contrast, in older @entity0 , we found marked @entity3 without signal abnormalities. None of the affected individuals exhibit signs of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The present study is the first demonstration of a mutation in @entity5 that causes an autosomal dominant form of @entity8 and establishes the existence of the adult variant. Clinical evaluation in individuals carrying mutation in the @entity5 gene allowed a better definition of this heterogeneous clinical syndrome and will help increase its recognition in neurological practice.

title: Adult XXXX with autosomal dominant transmission: a distinct entity caused by mutation in the glial fibrillary acid protein gene.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: High concentrations (300   ng/L) of @entity4 (A4) were identified in snowmelt runoff from fields fertilized with manure from livestock feeding operations in Wisconsin, USA. In fishes, A4 is an active @entity3 and substrate for biosynthesis of functional @entity5 (e.g., @entity2 and @entity6 ) and @entity1 (e.g., @entity0 -17b). Thus, A4 has the potential to be a powerful endocrine disruptor. This hypothesis was tested by exposing reproductively mature fathead minnows to 0.0   ng/L, 4.5   ng/L, 74   ng/L, and 700   ng/L A4 for 26   d in a flow-through system. Various reproductive endpoints were measured including fecundity, fertilization success, secondary sexual characteristics, gonadosomatic index (GSI), and hepatic vitellogenin messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. In addition, fertilized embryos from the reproduction assay were used in an embryonic development assay to assess A4 effects on development and hatchability. In males, A4 significantly increased Vtg mRNA expression (estrogenic effect), significantly reduced GSI, and had no effect on tubercle expression (p   =   0.067). In females, A4 induced tubercle development (androgenic effect) with no effects on GSI. Fecundity was not significantly impacted. Exposure to A4 had no effect on fertilization, embryonic development, or hatchability. These data indicate that exogenous A4, at environmentally relevant concentrations, can significantly modulate the reproductive physiology of the fathead minnows in a sex-specific manner and that A4 should be monitored as an endocrine disruptor. Environ Toxicol Chem 2015;34:2549-2554.    2015 SETAC.

title: Effects of XXXX exposure on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) reproduction and embryonic development.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the present investigation we focused on 2 broad sets of questions: Do parental overreactivity, laxness, and corporal punishment show evidence of normative change in early to middle childhood? Are persistently elevated @entity0 @entity1 ( @entity1 ) associated with deviations from normative changes in, as well as high initial levels of, discipline practices? Four hundred fifty-three couples with 3- to 7-year-old @entity0 were recruited via random digit dialing and studied at 3 annual assessments. Parents completed questionnaire measures of all study constructs. Normative declines were found in maternal corporal punishment and laxness. Maternal overreactivity showed a normative increase. For fathers, only corporal punishment showed evidence of a normative decline. The declines in mothers' corporal punishment and laxness, and in fathers' corporal punishment, exhibited little variability. In contrast, the trajectories of maternal overreactivity were significantly variable. High-increasing @entity1 were more common than low-stable @entity1 in families with greater increases in maternal overreactivity. High-increasing @entity1 were also more common in families with greater initial maternal overreactivity and corporal punishment. Yet in no case did discipline practices significantly distinguish @entity0 on high-increasing versus high-decreasing @entity1 trajectories. In tests of alternative models, @entity0 effects were found for all parenting variables, suggesting reciprocal causation. The findings are discussed relative to etiological models of @entity1 and implications for preventive intervention. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Are persistent early onset XXXX conduct problems predicted by the trajectories and initial levels of discipline practices?

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Both @entity10 (AA) and @entity11 ( @entity9 ) have been shown to prolong survival in @entity0 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity4 (mCRPC) progressing during or after @entity6 (D). Although no standard sequencing has been established as yet, @entity9 has recently been proven to be active after AA. However, to date, few data are available on its safety in this setting. Therefore, the primary endpoint of this study was to investigate @entity9 tolerability in mCRPC @entity0 treated previously with D and AA. From April 2011 to the present, 43 mCRPC @entity0 received AA after D at our institution. Of these, 22 @entity0 were subsequently treated with @entity9 and were evaluable for @entity2 in the present retrospective study. @entity9 was administered at a dose of 25   mg/m plus 10   mg oral @entity3 every 3 weeks. Adverse events (AEs) were reported using the NCI CTCAE (National @entity1 Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) version 3.0. Despite the advanced stage of disease and frailty of our study population, there were no unexpected side effects. The most common AEs were hematologic. @entity8 was observed in nine (40.9%) @entity0 and of grade>= 3 in six (27.2%). No @entity8 occurred. The most common nonhematologic AEs were @entity5 and @entity7 , reported in eight (36.3%) and in five (22.7%) @entity0 , respectively. In this setting, @entity9 @entity2 seems to be manageable and comparable with second-line @entity9 . Therefore, our results seem to support the safety of @entity9 as a third-line treatment for mCRPC @entity0 .

title: Tolerability of XXXX in @entity0 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity4 progressing after @entity6 and @entity10 : a single-institution experience.

answer: @entity11


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Both @entity10 (AA) and @entity11 ( @entity9 ) have been shown to prolong survival in @entity0 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity4 (mCRPC) progressing during or after @entity6 (D). Although no standard sequencing has been established as yet, @entity9 has recently been proven to be active after AA. However, to date, few data are available on its safety in this setting. Therefore, the primary endpoint of this study was to investigate @entity9 tolerability in mCRPC @entity0 treated previously with D and AA. From April 2011 to the present, 43 mCRPC @entity0 received AA after D at our institution. Of these, 22 @entity0 were subsequently treated with @entity9 and were evaluable for @entity2 in the present retrospective study. @entity9 was administered at a dose of 25   mg/m plus 10   mg oral @entity3 every 3 weeks. Adverse events (AEs) were reported using the NCI CTCAE (National @entity1 Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) version 3.0. Despite the advanced stage of disease and frailty of our study population, there were no unexpected side effects. The most common AEs were hematologic. @entity8 was observed in nine (40.9%) @entity0 and of grade>= 3 in six (27.2%). No @entity8 occurred. The most common nonhematologic AEs were @entity5 and @entity7 , reported in eight (36.3%) and in five (22.7%) @entity0 , respectively. In this setting, @entity9 @entity2 seems to be manageable and comparable with second-line @entity9 . Therefore, our results seem to support the safety of @entity9 as a third-line treatment for mCRPC @entity0 .

title: Tolerability of @entity11 in @entity0 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity4 progressing after @entity6 and XXXX : a single-institution experience.

answer: @entity10


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Both @entity10 (AA) and @entity11 ( @entity9 ) have been shown to prolong survival in @entity0 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity4 (mCRPC) progressing during or after @entity6 (D). Although no standard sequencing has been established as yet, @entity9 has recently been proven to be active after AA. However, to date, few data are available on its safety in this setting. Therefore, the primary endpoint of this study was to investigate @entity9 tolerability in mCRPC @entity0 treated previously with D and AA. From April 2011 to the present, 43 mCRPC @entity0 received AA after D at our institution. Of these, 22 @entity0 were subsequently treated with @entity9 and were evaluable for @entity2 in the present retrospective study. @entity9 was administered at a dose of 25   mg/m plus 10   mg oral @entity3 every 3 weeks. Adverse events (AEs) were reported using the NCI CTCAE (National @entity1 Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) version 3.0. Despite the advanced stage of disease and frailty of our study population, there were no unexpected side effects. The most common AEs were hematologic. @entity8 was observed in nine (40.9%) @entity0 and of grade>= 3 in six (27.2%). No @entity8 occurred. The most common nonhematologic AEs were @entity5 and @entity7 , reported in eight (36.3%) and in five (22.7%) @entity0 , respectively. In this setting, @entity9 @entity2 seems to be manageable and comparable with second-line @entity9 . Therefore, our results seem to support the safety of @entity9 as a third-line treatment for mCRPC @entity0 .

title: Tolerability of @entity11 in @entity0 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity4 progressing after XXXX and @entity10 : a single-institution experience.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Both @entity10 (AA) and @entity11 ( @entity9 ) have been shown to prolong survival in @entity0 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity4 (mCRPC) progressing during or after @entity6 (D). Although no standard sequencing has been established as yet, @entity9 has recently been proven to be active after AA. However, to date, few data are available on its safety in this setting. Therefore, the primary endpoint of this study was to investigate @entity9 tolerability in mCRPC @entity0 treated previously with D and AA. From April 2011 to the present, 43 mCRPC @entity0 received AA after D at our institution. Of these, 22 @entity0 were subsequently treated with @entity9 and were evaluable for @entity2 in the present retrospective study. @entity9 was administered at a dose of 25   mg/m plus 10   mg oral @entity3 every 3 weeks. Adverse events (AEs) were reported using the NCI CTCAE (National @entity1 Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) version 3.0. Despite the advanced stage of disease and frailty of our study population, there were no unexpected side effects. The most common AEs were hematologic. @entity8 was observed in nine (40.9%) @entity0 and of grade>= 3 in six (27.2%). No @entity8 occurred. The most common nonhematologic AEs were @entity5 and @entity7 , reported in eight (36.3%) and in five (22.7%) @entity0 , respectively. In this setting, @entity9 @entity2 seems to be manageable and comparable with second-line @entity9 . Therefore, our results seem to support the safety of @entity9 as a third-line treatment for mCRPC @entity0 .

title: Tolerability of @entity11 in @entity0 with metastatic castration-resistant XXXX progressing after @entity6 and @entity10 : a single-institution experience.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Both @entity10 (AA) and @entity11 ( @entity9 ) have been shown to prolong survival in @entity0 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity4 (mCRPC) progressing during or after @entity6 (D). Although no standard sequencing has been established as yet, @entity9 has recently been proven to be active after AA. However, to date, few data are available on its safety in this setting. Therefore, the primary endpoint of this study was to investigate @entity9 tolerability in mCRPC @entity0 treated previously with D and AA. From April 2011 to the present, 43 mCRPC @entity0 received AA after D at our institution. Of these, 22 @entity0 were subsequently treated with @entity9 and were evaluable for @entity2 in the present retrospective study. @entity9 was administered at a dose of 25   mg/m plus 10   mg oral @entity3 every 3 weeks. Adverse events (AEs) were reported using the NCI CTCAE (National @entity1 Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events) version 3.0. Despite the advanced stage of disease and frailty of our study population, there were no unexpected side effects. The most common AEs were hematologic. @entity8 was observed in nine (40.9%) @entity0 and of grade>= 3 in six (27.2%). No @entity8 occurred. The most common nonhematologic AEs were @entity5 and @entity7 , reported in eight (36.3%) and in five (22.7%) @entity0 , respectively. In this setting, @entity9 @entity2 seems to be manageable and comparable with second-line @entity9 . Therefore, our results seem to support the safety of @entity9 as a third-line treatment for mCRPC @entity0 .

title: Tolerability of @entity11 in XXXX with metastatic castration-resistant @entity4 progressing after @entity6 and @entity10 : a single-institution experience.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Reperfusion of the @entity1 myocardium results in structural changes in the capillary bed, which may contribute to decreased microcirculatory flow ("no reflow"). This study was designed to correlate the endothelial cell shape changes with both oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and to evaluate the beneficial potential of @entity8 (a hydrophilic analogue of @entity5 ) and @entity3 . Isolated buffer-perfused @entity0 hearts were made @entity1 for 45 min and then reperfused with 100 microM @entity8 and/or 100 microM @entity3 . Morphological changes were quantified by measuring capillary cross-sectional areas. Increased myocardial content of @entity7 and its release into the coronary effluent were used as indices of oxidative stress. Myocardial @entity4 , an end product of lipid peroxidation, was also measured. Luminal membrane blebs and capillary "constriction" in the @entity1 groups occurred when there was no change in either @entity6 status or @entity4 concentrations. Reperfusion altered the redox state of the heart sufficiently to induce lipid peroxidation. It also induced endothelial cell swelling and a reduction in luminal area. @entity3 was a more effective antioxidant than @entity8 as it significantly reduced both oxidative stress and @entity2 . The combined antioxidant treatment returned both the stress ratio and the capillary measurements to control values. We conclude that endothelial cell swelling correlates with the degree of oxidative stress and that antioxidant vitamins reduce membrane damage by preventing lipid peroxidation.

title: Oxidative stress and cardiac microvascular structure in XXXX and reperfusion: the protective effect of antioxidant vitamins.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A prospective cross-sectional study was done to investigate the involvement of @entity3 in @entity2 . Eighty-eight @entity0 with @entity2 , aged 1-28 years, were examined during the winter period 1995-1996 at regular follow-up visits to detect history and prevalence of inflammatory and infectious @entity3 by questionnaire, otoscopy and tympanometry. One third of the @entity0 had a history of @entity4 media, but only in 9% did this occur more than once. Hearing problems were recorded in 8%, but this was severe in only one case. Otoscopy showed 141 normal tympanic membranes, 17 times retraction, 15 times @entity4 media with effusion, once an @entity1 media in both ears. Only one @entity0 had a grommet in one ear. More than 70% of the tympanograms were normal. A flat curve, type B according to Jerger's classification, was found in 11 ears. The youngest age group had a higher prevalence of abnormal findings on otoscopy and tympanometry, while @entity0 who had undergone paranasal sinus surgery had less frequently abnormal findings. In conclusion, no evidence that @entity2 is associated with increased prevalence of @entity3 has been found in this prospective cross-sectional study.

title: XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A prospective cross-sectional study was done to investigate the involvement of @entity3 in @entity2 . Eighty-eight @entity0 with @entity2 , aged 1-28 years, were examined during the winter period 1995-1996 at regular follow-up visits to detect history and prevalence of inflammatory and infectious @entity3 by questionnaire, otoscopy and tympanometry. One third of the @entity0 had a history of @entity4 media, but only in 9% did this occur more than once. Hearing problems were recorded in 8%, but this was severe in only one case. Otoscopy showed 141 normal tympanic membranes, 17 times retraction, 15 times @entity4 media with effusion, once an @entity1 media in both ears. Only one @entity0 had a grommet in one ear. More than 70% of the tympanograms were normal. A flat curve, type B according to Jerger's classification, was found in 11 ears. The youngest age group had a higher prevalence of abnormal findings on otoscopy and tympanometry, while @entity0 who had undergone paranasal sinus surgery had less frequently abnormal findings. In conclusion, no evidence that @entity2 is associated with increased prevalence of @entity3 has been found in this prospective cross-sectional study.

title: @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the first phase of this study 34 @entity0 with advanced @entity4 have been treated either with @entity2 / @entity6 or @entity2 / @entity9 (5FU)/ @entity11 combination. (Gemzar: 900 mg/m2, @entity6 : 20 mg/m2, @entity9 : 750 mg/m2). Treatments were continued till @entity1 progression. There was no difference observed between the two protocols in the clinical response rates (PR=65%). On the other hand, a significant difference was found between the two protocols regarding the side effects. In the case of @entity2 / @entity9 @entity8 , @entity5 and @entity3 (as well as @entity7 ) were much less frequent compared to @entity2 / @entity6 combination. Based on these data the efficacy of @entity2 / @entity9 combination was evaluated in 99 stage III, @entity10 , N1 and stage IV, @entity10 , N0-1, M1 @entity4 @entity0 throughout 364 treatment cycles. OR was achieved in 10% while stable disease in 52% of the cases. The average survival period was 8.33 months while the time to progression was 5.75 months. Based on these data we recommend @entity2 / @entity9 / @entity11 combination for the treatment of advanced @entity4 .

title: [Experience with the treatment of advanced XXXX in Hungary].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 may arise in extranodal tissues within the head and neck region. These lesions may occur in the oral cavity, but rarely appear on the gingiva. Due to their malignant nature, rapid identification, diagnosis, and treatment of @entity4 are essential to @entity0 survival. METHODS: An unusual case of primary extranodal @entity4 is described. The small lesion arose on the @entity1 . Upon excision, the tissue was submitted for microscopic examination, with the expectation that the lesion would be benign and excision would constitute the entirety of treatment. However, a diagnosis of primary extranodal large @entity3 was returned. RESULTS: In addition to excision of the lesion, the @entity0 underwent a complete work-up to rule out other systemic lesions. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy were performed. The @entity0 has remained healthy, without recurrence of @entity2 for 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: This case reinforces the importance of submitting excised tissues for microscopic examination even when the lesion appears totally benign. In addition, it highlights the need for complete excision of suspected lesions, with generous borders of normal tissue. With current periodontal plastic surgical techniques, most defects remaining after soft tissue biopsy can be managed with good esthetic results.

title: Primary extranodal XXXX affecting the periodontium.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The development of newer antifungal drugs is creating new potential combination therapies to combat the dismal mortality rate associated with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The efficacy of combination therapy for @entity1 has not been established; sparse data on combination or sequential antifungal therapy depict interactions ranging from synergy to antagonism. We reviewed data from all published in vitro studies, animal model studies, and clinical reports and recent abstracts on combination and sequential antifungal therapy for @entity1 from 1966-2001. Among cases of @entity1 during 1966-2001, 249 were treated with 23 different antifungal combinations. @entity5 plus @entity6 was the most commonly used (49% of cases), followed by @entity5 plus @entity4 (16%) or plus @entity2 (11%). Combination therapy resulted in improvement in 63% of @entity0 , generally with @entity5 plus @entity6 or @entity2 and indifference with @entity5 plus @entity4 . In 27 in vitro reports, we found synergy (in 36% of reports), additivity (in 24%), indifference (in 28%), and antagonism (in 11%). @entity5 plus @entity6 and @entity5 plus @entity2 showed generally positive interactions and @entity5 plus @entity4 showed results that were largely indifferent. Eighteen animal model reports demonstrated synergy (in 14% of reports), additivity (in 20%), indifference (in 51%), and antagonism (in 14%). In general, @entity5 plus @entity6 , @entity5 plus @entity2 , and @entity5 plus @entity4 showed indifferent results, whereas @entity5 plus @entity3 showed positive interactions. Thirty-four cases treated during 1990-2001 with sequential therapy, excluding @entity5 followed by @entity4 , showed improvement in 68% of cases. Improvement was noted with @entity5 or @entity4 followed by @entity7 but not with @entity4 followed by @entity5 .

title: Combination and sequential antifungal therapy for XXXX : review of published in vitro and in vivo interactions and 6281 clinical cases from 1966 to 2001.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the age and sex distribution, timing, causes, geographical location, and nature of @entity4 in the UK and to determine the association of these factors with @entity2 consumption by the @entity0 or any other involved @entity0 . DESIGN: A 12-section proforma was completed on all @entity0 with @entity4 covering their age and sex, time and day of injury and presentation, the cause and @entity1 and where it occurred, the treatment the @entity0 received, any other injuries, and @entity2 consumption by the @entity0 and any other involved @entity0 . The total attendances for the study week and the catchment population for each A_E department were recorded. SETTING: 163 of the A_E departments in the UK served by 137 of the UK's oral and maxillofacial departments. SUBJECTS: All @entity0 who presented with @entity4 to these 163 A_E departments in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland over the study week from 09.00 hours on Friday 12 September 1997 to 08.59 hours on Friday 19th September 1997. RESULTS: 6114 @entity0 with @entity4 presented over the week, out of a total of 152,692 A_E attendances. The male:female ratio was 68:32. This rose to 79:21 in assault cases. The mean age of all @entity0 was 25.3 years, of males 23.2 years, and of females 29.8 years. Forty per cent of the @entity4 were caused by falls. A large proportion of these happened to the under-5 age group in the home. Eleven per cent of all falls were associated with @entity2 consumption. Twenty-four per cent of the @entity4 were caused by assault. The commonest sites for assault were the street followed by public drinking establishments. More @entity0 than @entity0 were assaulted at home. Fifty-five per cent of assaults were related to @entity2 consumption. Eight per cent of assaults were with bottles or glasses. Five per cent of the @entity4 occurred in road traffic accidents (RTAs). Fifteen per cent of @entity3 victims had consumed @entity2 . The 15-25 age group suffered the greatest number of @entity4 caused by assault and RTAs and had the highest number associated with @entity2 consumption. At least 22% of all the @entity4 in all age groups were related to @entity2 consumption within 4 hours of the injury. In the over 15 age groups, @entity2 consumption was associated with 90% of @entity4 occurring in bars, 45% on the street, and 25% in the home. Assault, @entity3 and @entity2 consumption conveyed an increased risk of serious @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Campaigns should be instituted to educate young @entity0 about the link between excessive @entity2 consumption, assault, road traffic accidents and serious @entity4 .

title: The BAOMS United Kingdom survey of @entity4 part 1: aetiology and the association with XXXX consumption. British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the age and sex distribution, timing, causes, geographical location, and nature of @entity4 in the UK and to determine the association of these factors with @entity2 consumption by the @entity0 or any other involved @entity0 . DESIGN: A 12-section proforma was completed on all @entity0 with @entity4 covering their age and sex, time and day of injury and presentation, the cause and @entity1 and where it occurred, the treatment the @entity0 received, any other injuries, and @entity2 consumption by the @entity0 and any other involved @entity0 . The total attendances for the study week and the catchment population for each A_E department were recorded. SETTING: 163 of the A_E departments in the UK served by 137 of the UK's oral and maxillofacial departments. SUBJECTS: All @entity0 who presented with @entity4 to these 163 A_E departments in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland over the study week from 09.00 hours on Friday 12 September 1997 to 08.59 hours on Friday 19th September 1997. RESULTS: 6114 @entity0 with @entity4 presented over the week, out of a total of 152,692 A_E attendances. The male:female ratio was 68:32. This rose to 79:21 in assault cases. The mean age of all @entity0 was 25.3 years, of males 23.2 years, and of females 29.8 years. Forty per cent of the @entity4 were caused by falls. A large proportion of these happened to the under-5 age group in the home. Eleven per cent of all falls were associated with @entity2 consumption. Twenty-four per cent of the @entity4 were caused by assault. The commonest sites for assault were the street followed by public drinking establishments. More @entity0 than @entity0 were assaulted at home. Fifty-five per cent of assaults were related to @entity2 consumption. Eight per cent of assaults were with bottles or glasses. Five per cent of the @entity4 occurred in road traffic accidents (RTAs). Fifteen per cent of @entity3 victims had consumed @entity2 . The 15-25 age group suffered the greatest number of @entity4 caused by assault and RTAs and had the highest number associated with @entity2 consumption. At least 22% of all the @entity4 in all age groups were related to @entity2 consumption within 4 hours of the injury. In the over 15 age groups, @entity2 consumption was associated with 90% of @entity4 occurring in bars, 45% on the street, and 25% in the home. Assault, @entity3 and @entity2 consumption conveyed an increased risk of serious @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Campaigns should be instituted to educate young @entity0 about the link between excessive @entity2 consumption, assault, road traffic accidents and serious @entity4 .

title: The BAOMS United Kingdom survey of XXXX part 1: aetiology and the association with @entity2 consumption. British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Network oscillations in the gamma-frequency band (20-100 Hz) may have a central role in the timing and coordination of neural activity in the adult brain, yet their appearance in the course of development has remained unexplored. Moreover, electroencephalogram (EEG)-based classification of the vigilance states [ @entity0 ( @entity0 ), quiet sleep (QS), or awake (W)] has been thought to be possible only after the second postnatal week. We now report the presence of spontaneous @entity2 in the area @entity3 of freely moving @entity1 at postnatal days (P) 5-10. Initially, at P5, the @entity4 were seen in time-frequency analyses of intrahippocampal EEG recordings as brief (<500 ms) bursts at 20-30 Hz. The early gamma rhythmicity was most pronounced during periods of @entity0 but was occasionally detected also during QS. Toward P10, the @entity4 gained amplitude and extended also to higher (<or=60 Hz) frequencies. In parallel, the @entity4 were progressively more and more confined to @entity0 . To further consolidate these findings, we compared amplitude spectra averaged within the behavioral categories. @entity0 was characterized by the appearances of gamma (20-30 Hz) and theta (3-5 Hz) peaks at @entity5 , respectively. QS, on the other hand, had considerably smoother amplitude distributions between 1 and 100 Hz for P5-P10, with no peaks in gamma or theta bands. Hippocampal gamma rhythm thus seems to hallmark early @entity0 . Our data provide the first in vivo evidence for both the presence and the behavioral correlate of spontaneous @entity4 in the newborn @entity1 .

title: Postnatal development of XXXX hippocampal gamma rhythm in vivo.

answer: @entity1