abstract: Very elderly @entity0 have higher mortality rates than younger @entity0 after @entity4 ( @entity4 ). However, the mechanism by which increasing age contributes to such mortality remains unclear. In addition, the efficacy and safety of invasive coronary procedures for octogenarians with @entity4 have not been well established. We compared the clinical characteristics and in-hospital outcome of 193 octogenarians (mean age, 83 years) with those of 1,462 younger @entity0 (mean age, 64 years) with @entity4 who underwent emergent coronary angiography. Octogenarians included a greater number of females, had higher rates of @entity2 , a higher Killip class, a higher Forrester class, and lower rates of smoking, @entity1 , and @entity3 than the younger subjects. Interventions, including percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), were performed less frequently in octogenarians than in younger @entity0 (88.0% versus 90.8%). The procedural success rate in octogenarians did not differ from that in younger @entity0 . However, the in-hospital mortality rate for the octogenarians was about three times higher than for the younger @entity0 (19.2% versus 6.9%). Multivariate analysis revealed that the predictors of in-hospital mortality in the octogenarians were a higher Killip class and a higher Forrester class. Octogenarians with @entity4 had fewer coronary risk factors and a similar success rate for the intervention, but had more greatly impaired hemodynamics and higher in-hospital mortality than the younger @entity0 . Therefore, impaired myocardial reserve may contribute to a large portion of in-hospital deaths in octogenarians with @entity4 .

title: In-hospital outcome in octogenarians with XXXX undergoing emergent coronary angiography.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review our experience with @entity4 , with special attention to their subtypes and anatomical relationship to the facial nerve. STUDY DESIGN: Case series. SETTING: Tertiary care center. @entity0 : Ten @entity0 who underwent resection for anomalies of the first @entity3 , with at least 1 year of follow-up, were included in the study. The data from all cases were collected in a prospective fashion, including immediate postoperative diagrams. INTERVENTION: Complete resection of the @entity4 was performed in all cases. Wide exposure of the facial nerve was achieved using a modified Blair incision and superficial parotidectomy. @entity2 monitoring was used in every case. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measurements were @entity2 and incidence of recurrence after resection of the @entity4 . RESULTS: Ten @entity0 , 6 females and 4 males,with a mean age of 9 years at presentation, were treated by the senior author (P.J.K.) between 1989 and 2001. The lesions were characterized as sinus tracts (n = 5), fistulous tracts (n = 3), and cysts (n = 2). Seven lesions were medial to the facial nerve, 2 were lateral to the facial nerve, and 1 was between branches of the facial nerve. There were no complications related to @entity2 or @entity1 , and none of the @entity0 has had a recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The successful treatment of @entity4 requires a complete resection. A safe complete resection requires a full exposure of the facial nerve, as the lesions can be variably associated with the nerve.

title: Anatomical variations of the facial nerve in first XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: CONTEXT: In most @entity0 , @entity5 results from T-cell-mediated immune destruction of bone marrow. @entity5 can be effectively treated by stem cell transplantation or immunosuppression. OBJECTIVE: To assess long-term outcomes after immunosuppressive therapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Cohort of 122 @entity0 (31 were < or =18 years and 91 were >18 years) with severe @entity5 , as determined by bone marrow cellularity and blood cell count criteria, were enrolled in a single-arm interventional research protocol from 1991 to 1998 at a federal government research hospital. INTERVENTIONS: A dose of 40 mg/kg per day of antithymocyte globulin administered for 4 days, 10 to 12 mg/kg per day of @entity1 for 6 months (adjusted for blood levels), and a short course of @entity2 (1 mg/d of @entity4 for about 2 weeks). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival, improvement of @entity6 and transfusion-independence, relapse, and evolution to other @entity3 . RESULTS: Response rates were 60% at 3 months after initiation of treatment, 61% at 6 months, and 58% at 1 year. The blood cell counts of @entity0 who responded no longer satisfied severity criteria and they were transfusion-independent. Overall actuarial survival at 7 years was 55%. Survival was associated with early satisfaction of response criteria (86% vs 40% at 5 years; P<.001) and by blood counts at 3 months (reticulocyte count or platelet count of >50 x 10(3)/ microL predicted survival at 5 years of 90% [64/71] vs 42% [12/34] for @entity0 with less robust recovery [P<.001 by log-rank test]). There were no deaths among responders more than 3 years after treatment. Relapse was common, but severe @entity6 usually did not recur. Relapse did not influence survival. Thirteen @entity0 showed evolution to other @entity3 , including monosomy 7. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half of @entity0 with severe @entity5 treated with antithymocyte globulin and @entity1 have durable recovery and excellent long-term survival. These outcomes were related to the quality of hematologic recovery.

title: Antithymocyte globulin and @entity1 for severe XXXX : association between hematologic response and long-term outcome.

answer: @entity5


abstract: CONTEXT: In most @entity0 , @entity5 results from T-cell-mediated immune destruction of bone marrow. @entity5 can be effectively treated by stem cell transplantation or immunosuppression. OBJECTIVE: To assess long-term outcomes after immunosuppressive therapy. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Cohort of 122 @entity0 (31 were < or =18 years and 91 were >18 years) with severe @entity5 , as determined by bone marrow cellularity and blood cell count criteria, were enrolled in a single-arm interventional research protocol from 1991 to 1998 at a federal government research hospital. INTERVENTIONS: A dose of 40 mg/kg per day of antithymocyte globulin administered for 4 days, 10 to 12 mg/kg per day of @entity1 for 6 months (adjusted for blood levels), and a short course of @entity2 (1 mg/d of @entity4 for about 2 weeks). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival, improvement of @entity6 and transfusion-independence, relapse, and evolution to other @entity3 . RESULTS: Response rates were 60% at 3 months after initiation of treatment, 61% at 6 months, and 58% at 1 year. The blood cell counts of @entity0 who responded no longer satisfied severity criteria and they were transfusion-independent. Overall actuarial survival at 7 years was 55%. Survival was associated with early satisfaction of response criteria (86% vs 40% at 5 years; P<.001) and by blood counts at 3 months (reticulocyte count or platelet count of >50 x 10(3)/ microL predicted survival at 5 years of 90% [64/71] vs 42% [12/34] for @entity0 with less robust recovery [P<.001 by log-rank test]). There were no deaths among responders more than 3 years after treatment. Relapse was common, but severe @entity6 usually did not recur. Relapse did not influence survival. Thirteen @entity0 showed evolution to other @entity3 , including monosomy 7. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half of @entity0 with severe @entity5 treated with antithymocyte globulin and @entity1 have durable recovery and excellent long-term survival. These outcomes were related to the quality of hematologic recovery.

title: Antithymocyte globulin and XXXX for severe @entity5 : association between hematologic response and long-term outcome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stereotactic biopsy for @entity1 offers high diagnostic yield with low morbidity. We compared two modalities of biopsy procedure, frame-based and frameless stereotaxy, either transfrontal or transcerebellar route. The benefits and operation considerations are discussed. METHODS: Ten @entity0 with intrinsic @entity1 diagnosed with stereotactic biopsy from August 2006 to March 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia. Six of 10 @entity0 were approached with transfrontal route, whereas the other four @entity0 with transcerebellar route. Frame-based stereotaxy or frameless navigation system was applied. RESULTS: All lesions of the 10 @entity0 were successfully diagnosed with stereotactic biopsy procedure. There was no major morbidity after the procedure. CONCLUSION: A number of approaches are available for stereotactic brainstem biopsy. Surgical approach should be tailored, according to the location neurological function, with special concern for the @entity0 ' safety. In selected condition, frameless stereotaxy biopsy also provides competed diagnostic yield.

title: Stereotactic biopsy for XXXX : comparison of approaches and reports of 10 cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to present a case report demonstrating that vestibular evoked myogenic potentials originate from the saccular nerve. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. INTERVENTION: Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials are shown before and after operation in a @entity0 with a surgically confirmed superior @entity3 (1.3 cm). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Preoperative and postoperative audiometry, auditory brainstem response, caloric test, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, and magnetic resonance imaging outcomes. RESULTS On preoperative audiometry, slight @entity2 with normal auditory brainstem response could be detected. Caloric tests showed a reduced response of the right labyrinth. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials were normal. The @entity1 was removed via a combined retrosigmoid and partial labyrinthectomy approach with the removal of the posterior semicircular canal. The facial, auditory, and inferior semicircular nerves were anatomically preserved. Postoperative audiometry revealed preservation of hearing and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials; caloric responses were now absent. CONCLUSION: The combined retrosigmoid and partial labyrinthectomy approach represents an ideal condition to study the influence of the saccular nerve on the origin of the vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. The maintenance of the vestibular evoked myogenic potential responses in our @entity0 supports the concept that the vestibular evoked myogenic potential originates in the saccule and is transmitted in the saccular nerve.

title: Preservation of the saccular nerve and of the vestibular evoked myogenic potential during XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Bladder problems clinically present early in life as @entity4 that often lead to @entity2 and late in life as @entity7 , @entity3 and @entity1 . We investigated the transcriptome of @entity0 @entity6 at juvenile and adult stages by microarray to identify the pathways associated with normal, healthy growth and maturation. We hypothesized that understanding these pathways could be key to achieving bladder regeneration or reawakening normal function in the elderly population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: RNA was isolated from the mucosa at 3, 6, 20 and 30 weeks postnatally. Affymetrix   @entity0 430 v2 arrays were used to profile the expression of approximately 45,000 genes. The software program Statistical Analysis of Microarrays was used to identify genes that significantly changed during the time course. RESULTS: No genes were significantly up-regulated during maturation. However, 66 well annotated genes demonstrated a statistically significant downward trend, of which 10 of 10 were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The main functions affected by age were transcription, regulation of cellular processes, neurogenesis, blood vessel development and cell differentiation. Notable genes included collagens, @entity8 , @entity9 and several transcription factors, including @entity12 , @entity11 , @entity16 , @entity13 , @entity10 , @entity15 and @entity14 . These molecules were indirectly regulated by inferred @entity5 and Egf growth factors. Analysis of gene promoter regions for overrepresented upstream transcription factor binding sites identified specificity protein 1 and epidermal growth factor receptor-specific transcription factor as potentially major transcriptional regulators driving maturation related changes. CONCLUSIONS: These findings identify a coherent set of genes that appear to be down-regulated during urothelial maturation. These genes may represent an attractive target for bladder regeneration or for treating age related loss of function.

title: System level changes in gene expression in maturing XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: A case of @entity6 is reported which was caused by @entity5 pledgets after total removal of @entity4 . A 46 year-old @entity0 was admitted on July 10, 1982, complaining of generalized @entity2 seizures. CT and cerebral angiography revealed a left @entity4 . The @entity4 was totally removed under the left frontoparietal osteoplastic craniotomy. Microscopical findings were @entity4 without @entity1 . Despite the total removal, she developed two attacks of @entity2 . Cerebral CT revealed a slightly high density mass with contrast-enhancement where the @entity4 had been removed. Re-operation was performed on July 16, 1983. There was a @entity3 with @entity5 fibers surrounded by yellow capsule without residual or recurrent @entity4 . Only two cases have ever been reported in the literature so far reviewed. The differential diagnosis of foreign body @entity3 is discussed and it is stressed to pay attention not to leave @entity5 pledgets during operations.

title: [A case of foreign body @entity3 caused by XXXX pledgets that remained during intracranial operation].

answer: @entity5


abstract: A case of @entity6 is reported which was caused by @entity5 pledgets after total removal of @entity4 . A 46 year-old @entity0 was admitted on July 10, 1982, complaining of generalized @entity2 seizures. CT and cerebral angiography revealed a left @entity4 . The @entity4 was totally removed under the left frontoparietal osteoplastic craniotomy. Microscopical findings were @entity4 without @entity1 . Despite the total removal, she developed two attacks of @entity2 . Cerebral CT revealed a slightly high density mass with contrast-enhancement where the @entity4 had been removed. Re-operation was performed on July 16, 1983. There was a @entity3 with @entity5 fibers surrounded by yellow capsule without residual or recurrent @entity4 . Only two cases have ever been reported in the literature so far reviewed. The differential diagnosis of foreign body @entity3 is discussed and it is stressed to pay attention not to leave @entity5 pledgets during operations.

title: [A case of foreign body XXXX caused by @entity5 pledgets that remained during intracranial operation].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity3 ( @entity3 ) incidence rates in the United States have decreased, the rates of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) have increased. Obesity increases the risks of @entity4 and @entity5 , and the associations may be partially mediated by insulin resistance. A few case-control studies have shown an association between @entity1 and an increased risk of @entity5 . METHODS: We prospectively examined the association between @entity1 and @entity7 in a cohort of 469,448 @entity0 in the United States, ages 50 to 71 at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the HR and 95% CI for @entity7 , controlling for multiple potential confounders, including body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: We observed no association of self-reported @entity1 with risk of @entity5 , HR (95% CI) = 0.98 (0. @entity2 .31), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), HR (95% CI) = 1.02 (0.60-1.74), or @entity3 , HR (95% CI) = 0.98 (0.70-1.37). However, @entity1 was significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity4 , HR (95% CI) = 1.89 (1.43-2.50). The significant association between @entity1 and risk of @entity4 remained after adjustment for BMI, HR (95% CI) = 1.70 (1.28-2.26) and did not differ by BMI strata (P(interaction) = 0.83). The significant association was unchanged when restricting to only overweight subjects (BMI 25 to  <=30), HR (95% CI) = 1.83 (1.18-2.85). CONCLUSIONS: We found a significant association between self-reported @entity1 and increased risk of @entity4 . IMPACT: Our results suggest that the metabolic and hormonal changes related to @entity1 may play a role in the etiology of @entity4 independently from BMI.

title: Prospective study of self-reported @entity1 and risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity3 ( @entity3 ) incidence rates in the United States have decreased, the rates of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) have increased. Obesity increases the risks of @entity4 and @entity5 , and the associations may be partially mediated by insulin resistance. A few case-control studies have shown an association between @entity1 and an increased risk of @entity5 . METHODS: We prospectively examined the association between @entity1 and @entity7 in a cohort of 469,448 @entity0 in the United States, ages 50 to 71 at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the HR and 95% CI for @entity7 , controlling for multiple potential confounders, including body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: We observed no association of self-reported @entity1 with risk of @entity5 , HR (95% CI) = 0.98 (0. @entity2 .31), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), HR (95% CI) = 1.02 (0.60-1.74), or @entity3 , HR (95% CI) = 0.98 (0.70-1.37). However, @entity1 was significantly associated with an increased risk of @entity4 , HR (95% CI) = 1.89 (1.43-2.50). The significant association between @entity1 and risk of @entity4 remained after adjustment for BMI, HR (95% CI) = 1.70 (1.28-2.26) and did not differ by BMI strata (P(interaction) = 0.83). The significant association was unchanged when restricting to only overweight subjects (BMI 25 to  <=30), HR (95% CI) = 1.83 (1.18-2.85). CONCLUSIONS: We found a significant association between self-reported @entity1 and increased risk of @entity4 . IMPACT: Our results suggest that the metabolic and hormonal changes related to @entity1 may play a role in the etiology of @entity4 independently from BMI.

title: Prospective study of self-reported XXXX and risk of @entity7 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 is characterized by @entity5 , associated with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased activities of respiratory chain complexes, and @entity1 production. Our aim was to determine the molecular mechanisms that link long-term @entity2 to @entity5 . We studied a model of chronic @entity2 induced by bile duct ligation in @entity0 . Key sensors and regulators of the energetic state and mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-to-nuclear DNA (nDNA) ratio (mtDNA/nDNA) relative copy number, mtDNA deletions, and indexes of apoptosis ( @entity4 , @entity3 , and cleaved caspase 3) and cell proliferation (PCNA) were evaluated. Our results show that long-term @entity2 is associated with absence of activation of key sensors of the energetic state, evidenced by decreased @entity9 and @entity6 dehydrogenase kinase levels and lack of AMPK activation. Key mitochondrial biogenesis regulators ( @entity7 and @entity11 ) decreased and @entity10 was not transcriptionally active. Mitochondrial transcription factor A ( @entity8 ) protein levels increased transiently in liver mitochondria at 2 wk after bile duct ligation, but they dramatically decreased at 4 wk. Reduced @entity8 levels at this stage were mirrored by a marked decrease (65%) in mtDNA/nDNA relative copy number. The blockade of mitochondrial biogenesis should not be ascribed to activation of apoptosis or inhibition of cell proliferation. @entity5 and loss of the DNA stabilizing effect of @entity8 are likely the causative event involved in the genetic instability evidenced by accumulation of mtDNA deletions. In conclusion, the lack of stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis leads to mtDNA severe depletion and deletions in long-term @entity2 . Hence, long-term @entity2 should be considered a secondary mitochondrial hepatopathy.

title: Mitochondrial biogenesis fails in secondary biliary cirrhosis in XXXX leading to mitochondrial DNA depletion and deletions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effect of @entity3 upon cellular DNA ploidy in @entity0 was assessed by flow cytometry (FCM), in a prospective group of 77 @entity1 with primary operable disease. Each had a needle biopsy at the outpatient visit for diagnosis and FCM analysis, and definitive surgery was performed a median of 8 days later. Forty received @entity3 during this period - 40 mg qds loading dose for 24 h, followed by 20 mg daily until the day of operation: 37 @entity1 received no therapy. The DNA histogram from the needle biopsy was compared with that obtained from the resected @entity2 for each individual. There was little change between the pair of histograms from @entity2 from the untreated @entity1 . In those who had received @entity3 the most consistent effect was a marked reduction in the magnitude of the 'tetraploid' peak in tetraploid or near- @entity2 with DNA indices 1.8-2.0. There was little change in diploid or 'other DNA-aneuploid' @entity2 . In @entity2 (DNA index of 2.0) the percentage of nuclei in the diploid S phase was significantly related to the percentage of nuclei in the diploid G2 + M/tetraploid G1 peak (P less than 0.003, unpaired t test). These data suggest that an effect of @entity3 can be demonstrated by FCM upon @entity2 exhibiting a tetraploid or near-tetraploid DNA content. It is possible that tetraploid or near-tetraploid @entity1 mammary @entity2 may be a distinct group of endocrine responsive @entity2 within the overall group of @entity2 , and that the majority are probably derived from the diploid population rather than being a true aneuploid population.

title: Effect of @entity3 upon cell DNA analysis by flow cytometry in primary XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effect of @entity3 upon cellular DNA ploidy in @entity0 was assessed by flow cytometry (FCM), in a prospective group of 77 @entity1 with primary operable disease. Each had a needle biopsy at the outpatient visit for diagnosis and FCM analysis, and definitive surgery was performed a median of 8 days later. Forty received @entity3 during this period - 40 mg qds loading dose for 24 h, followed by 20 mg daily until the day of operation: 37 @entity1 received no therapy. The DNA histogram from the needle biopsy was compared with that obtained from the resected @entity2 for each individual. There was little change between the pair of histograms from @entity2 from the untreated @entity1 . In those who had received @entity3 the most consistent effect was a marked reduction in the magnitude of the 'tetraploid' peak in tetraploid or near- @entity2 with DNA indices 1.8-2.0. There was little change in diploid or 'other DNA-aneuploid' @entity2 . In @entity2 (DNA index of 2.0) the percentage of nuclei in the diploid S phase was significantly related to the percentage of nuclei in the diploid G2 + M/tetraploid G1 peak (P less than 0.003, unpaired t test). These data suggest that an effect of @entity3 can be demonstrated by FCM upon @entity2 exhibiting a tetraploid or near-tetraploid DNA content. It is possible that tetraploid or near-tetraploid @entity1 mammary @entity2 may be a distinct group of endocrine responsive @entity2 within the overall group of @entity2 , and that the majority are probably derived from the diploid population rather than being a true aneuploid population.

title: Effect of XXXX upon cell DNA analysis by flow cytometry in primary @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The use of an ipsilateral or a contralateral rectus abdominis muscle as a pedicle and comparison of their advantages and disadvantages in @entity1 flap breast reconstruction have been reported in the literature. In our clinical experience with 22 pedicled @entity1 flap breast reconstructions, the use of either an ipsilateral or contralateral pedicle was found to be equivocal regarding the flap viability and the aesthetic outcome. Thus, it seems better to decide their use according to the needs of an individual @entity0 . In our series, the contralateral pedicled @entity1 flap with a vertical flap inset was preferred in @entity0 with a small opposite breast or in @entity0 with infraclavicular tissue losses (four @entity0 ). The ipsilateral pedicled @entity1 flap reconstruction with a horizontal flap inset was preferred in @entity0 with a full and attractive opposite breast, unless they received adjuvant radiotherapy (six @entity0 ). In @entity0 who received adjuvant radiotherapy the contralateral pedicle was used regardless of the inset model preferred (10 @entity0 ). Bilateral @entity1 flap breast reconstruction was applied in one of our cases, which is not included in the three categories above mentioned. The aesthetic outcome was determined by analyzing a @entity0 satisfaction questionnaire. Overall satisfaction was achieved in 17 @entity0 . Four @entity0 were dissatisfied. We think that choosing the correct flap inset model is one of the most important factors in achieving a satisfactory aesthetic outcome. Choosing the correct pedicle regarding the type of the flap inset model is equally important to facilitate technical ease during flap transposition and to improve flap survival.

title: The use of the ipsilateral versus contralateral pedicle and vertical versus horizontal flap inset models in XXXX flap breast reconstruction: the aesthetic outcome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The assessment of health related quality of life (HRQOL) has increasingly been recognized as an important adjunct to medical outcome parameters in the monitoring of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 and in clinical studies. The @entity1 Questionnaire (CFQ) is a disease-specific HRQOL instrument for @entity1 @entity0 developed in France. Translations are currently being validated in four different countries. The aim of the present study was to validate the German adaptation of the CFQ-14+. METHOD: On the basis of results from a first dataset (n = 197 @entity1 adolescent and adult @entity0 ), revisions were made and retested in a second sample of 103 @entity0 . RESULTS: The final revised version showed good construct validity. The same nine HRQOL domains as in the French original CFQ-14+ emerged from the analyses as structurally robust scales. The internal consistencies of the HRQOL scales ranged from 0.71 to 0.94. The instrument's clinical validity was supported by severely ill @entity0 reporting lower HRQOL than less severely ill @entity0 on most scales. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the evidence supports the validity and reliability of the instrument. An important future area of application is the use in comparative multi-center international studies.

title: The revised German XXXX Questionnaire: validation of a disease-specific health-related quality of life instrument.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have characterised the changes in preimplantation embryos that occur in the mRNA population during the transition from maternal to zygotic control of embryogenesis. We connected the mRNA differential display method and RT-PCR based method that allows amplification of the whole population of messengers. In the early stages of development we have further characterised the level of individual mRNAs with the help of semiquantitative RT-PCR used with specific primers. This report concerns four of 12 cDNA fragments that appeared to be differentially expressed between the 4- and late 8-cell stages. A transcript corresponding to fragment no. 1/12 appears to be analogous to the maternal mRNA since it is abundant in 1-, 2-, 4- and 8-cell embryos and rapidly decreases in the later stages. A similar pattern of expression was revealed in the transcript corresponding to fragment no. 8/9. A transcript corresponding to fragment no. 20/8 is newly synthesised from the embryonic genome at the late 8-cell stage and its amount rapidly increases during the following stages. This messenger shows a 91.7% identity with mRNA for @entity0 S3A ribosomal protein and 92.2% identity with mRNA for @entity3 S3A ribosomal protein. A transcript corresponding to fragment no. 8/19 is stage-specific, being newly synthesised from an embryonic genome at the late 8-cell stage and decreasing in the later stages. This messenger shows 86.6% identity with a @entity1 mRNA for @entity4 -rich protein and 91.6% identity with @entity0 mRNA for KIAA-0058 gene. A complex of these molecular markers represents a suitable tool for answering questions concerning the molecular control of major gene activation during @entity2 embryogenesis.

title: Identification of differentially expressed mRNAs in XXXX preimplantation embryos.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Molecular Misreading (MM) is the inaccurate conversion of genomic information into aberrant proteins. For example, when RNA polymerase II transcribes a GAGAG motif it synthesizes at low frequency RNA with a two-base deletion. If the deletion occurs in a coding region, translation will result in production of misframed proteins. During @entity0 aging, misframed versions of @entity0 @entity3 (hApp) and @entity6 ( @entity5 ) accumulate in the aggregates characteristic of @entity1 , suggesting dysfunctional degradation or clearance. Here cDNA clones encoding wild-type @entity5 and the frame-shifted version @entity5 (+1) were expressed in transgenic @entity2 using the @entity4 -regulated system. Misframed proteins were abundantly produced, both from the transgenes and from endogenous @entity2 @entity6 -encoding genes, and their abundance increased during aging in whole- @entity2 extracts. Over-expression of wild-type @entity5 , but not @entity5 (+1), was toxic during @entity2 development. In contrast, when over-expressed specifically in adult flies, @entity5 (+1) caused small decreases in life span, whereas @entity5 was associated with small increases, preferentially in males. The data suggest that MM occurs in @entity2 and that the resultant misframed proteins accumulate with age. MM of the @entity6 gene can produce alternative @entity6 gene products with different and sometimes opposing phenotypic effects.

title: @entity6 over-expression phenotypes and @entity6 gene molecular misreading during aging in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Molecular Misreading (MM) is the inaccurate conversion of genomic information into aberrant proteins. For example, when RNA polymerase II transcribes a GAGAG motif it synthesizes at low frequency RNA with a two-base deletion. If the deletion occurs in a coding region, translation will result in production of misframed proteins. During @entity0 aging, misframed versions of @entity0 @entity3 (hApp) and @entity6 ( @entity5 ) accumulate in the aggregates characteristic of @entity1 , suggesting dysfunctional degradation or clearance. Here cDNA clones encoding wild-type @entity5 and the frame-shifted version @entity5 (+1) were expressed in transgenic @entity2 using the @entity4 -regulated system. Misframed proteins were abundantly produced, both from the transgenes and from endogenous @entity2 @entity6 -encoding genes, and their abundance increased during aging in whole- @entity2 extracts. Over-expression of wild-type @entity5 , but not @entity5 (+1), was toxic during @entity2 development. In contrast, when over-expressed specifically in adult flies, @entity5 (+1) caused small decreases in life span, whereas @entity5 was associated with small increases, preferentially in males. The data suggest that MM occurs in @entity2 and that the resultant misframed proteins accumulate with age. MM of the @entity6 gene can produce alternative @entity6 gene products with different and sometimes opposing phenotypic effects.

title: XXXX over-expression phenotypes and @entity6 gene molecular misreading during aging in @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Molecular Misreading (MM) is the inaccurate conversion of genomic information into aberrant proteins. For example, when RNA polymerase II transcribes a GAGAG motif it synthesizes at low frequency RNA with a two-base deletion. If the deletion occurs in a coding region, translation will result in production of misframed proteins. During @entity0 aging, misframed versions of @entity0 @entity3 (hApp) and @entity6 ( @entity5 ) accumulate in the aggregates characteristic of @entity1 , suggesting dysfunctional degradation or clearance. Here cDNA clones encoding wild-type @entity5 and the frame-shifted version @entity5 (+1) were expressed in transgenic @entity2 using the @entity4 -regulated system. Misframed proteins were abundantly produced, both from the transgenes and from endogenous @entity2 @entity6 -encoding genes, and their abundance increased during aging in whole- @entity2 extracts. Over-expression of wild-type @entity5 , but not @entity5 (+1), was toxic during @entity2 development. In contrast, when over-expressed specifically in adult flies, @entity5 (+1) caused small decreases in life span, whereas @entity5 was associated with small increases, preferentially in males. The data suggest that MM occurs in @entity2 and that the resultant misframed proteins accumulate with age. MM of the @entity6 gene can produce alternative @entity6 gene products with different and sometimes opposing phenotypic effects.

title: @entity6 over-expression phenotypes and XXXX gene molecular misreading during aging in @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity2 2 @entity1 is a progressive disease and most @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 eventually need insulin therapy. The objective of this study was to clarify @entity4 immunoreactivity ( @entity5 ), a marker of beta cell function, as a predictor of requirement for insulin therapy. We conducted a retrospective study of 579 consecutive subjects with @entity2 2 @entity1 who were admitted to our hospital from 2000 to 2007 and were able to be followed up for at least 6 months after discharge. Fasting and postprandial serum @entity5 and urinary @entity5 levels had been measured during admission. Information about insulin therapy at the last visit was obtained from medical records. At the last visit, 364 subjects (62.9%) were treated with insulin. Mean interval between discharge and the last visit was 4.5    2.3 years. Serum and urine @entity5 levels at baseline were significantly associated with insulin treatment at the last visit (P<0.001 for all). Among @entity5 values, postprandial serum @entity5 to plasma @entity3 ratio ( @entity5 index) showed the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for insulin therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluating the effect of postprandial @entity5 index adjusted for other confounders showed consistent results with unadjusted results. In conclusion, beta cell dysfunction is significantly correlated with future insulin therapy in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . Our study indicates that among @entity5 measurements, postprandial @entity5 index is the best predictive marker for future insulin therapy.

title: Postprandial serum @entity4 to plasma XXXX ratio as a predictor of subsequent insulin treatment in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 2 @entity1 is a progressive disease and most @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 eventually need insulin therapy. The objective of this study was to clarify @entity4 immunoreactivity ( @entity5 ), a marker of beta cell function, as a predictor of requirement for insulin therapy. We conducted a retrospective study of 579 consecutive subjects with @entity2 2 @entity1 who were admitted to our hospital from 2000 to 2007 and were able to be followed up for at least 6 months after discharge. Fasting and postprandial serum @entity5 and urinary @entity5 levels had been measured during admission. Information about insulin therapy at the last visit was obtained from medical records. At the last visit, 364 subjects (62.9%) were treated with insulin. Mean interval between discharge and the last visit was 4.5    2.3 years. Serum and urine @entity5 levels at baseline were significantly associated with insulin treatment at the last visit (P<0.001 for all). Among @entity5 values, postprandial serum @entity5 to plasma @entity3 ratio ( @entity5 index) showed the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for insulin therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluating the effect of postprandial @entity5 index adjusted for other confounders showed consistent results with unadjusted results. In conclusion, beta cell dysfunction is significantly correlated with future insulin therapy in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . Our study indicates that among @entity5 measurements, postprandial @entity5 index is the best predictive marker for future insulin therapy.

title: Postprandial serum @entity4 to plasma @entity3 ratio as a predictor of subsequent insulin treatment in @entity0 with XXXX 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 2 @entity1 is a progressive disease and most @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 eventually need insulin therapy. The objective of this study was to clarify @entity4 immunoreactivity ( @entity5 ), a marker of beta cell function, as a predictor of requirement for insulin therapy. We conducted a retrospective study of 579 consecutive subjects with @entity2 2 @entity1 who were admitted to our hospital from 2000 to 2007 and were able to be followed up for at least 6 months after discharge. Fasting and postprandial serum @entity5 and urinary @entity5 levels had been measured during admission. Information about insulin therapy at the last visit was obtained from medical records. At the last visit, 364 subjects (62.9%) were treated with insulin. Mean interval between discharge and the last visit was 4.5    2.3 years. Serum and urine @entity5 levels at baseline were significantly associated with insulin treatment at the last visit (P<0.001 for all). Among @entity5 values, postprandial serum @entity5 to plasma @entity3 ratio ( @entity5 index) showed the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for insulin therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluating the effect of postprandial @entity5 index adjusted for other confounders showed consistent results with unadjusted results. In conclusion, beta cell dysfunction is significantly correlated with future insulin therapy in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . Our study indicates that among @entity5 measurements, postprandial @entity5 index is the best predictive marker for future insulin therapy.

title: Postprandial serum @entity4 to plasma @entity3 ratio as a predictor of subsequent insulin treatment in @entity0 with @entity2 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 2 @entity1 is a progressive disease and most @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 eventually need insulin therapy. The objective of this study was to clarify @entity4 immunoreactivity ( @entity5 ), a marker of beta cell function, as a predictor of requirement for insulin therapy. We conducted a retrospective study of 579 consecutive subjects with @entity2 2 @entity1 who were admitted to our hospital from 2000 to 2007 and were able to be followed up for at least 6 months after discharge. Fasting and postprandial serum @entity5 and urinary @entity5 levels had been measured during admission. Information about insulin therapy at the last visit was obtained from medical records. At the last visit, 364 subjects (62.9%) were treated with insulin. Mean interval between discharge and the last visit was 4.5    2.3 years. Serum and urine @entity5 levels at baseline were significantly associated with insulin treatment at the last visit (P<0.001 for all). Among @entity5 values, postprandial serum @entity5 to plasma @entity3 ratio ( @entity5 index) showed the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for insulin therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluating the effect of postprandial @entity5 index adjusted for other confounders showed consistent results with unadjusted results. In conclusion, beta cell dysfunction is significantly correlated with future insulin therapy in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . Our study indicates that among @entity5 measurements, postprandial @entity5 index is the best predictive marker for future insulin therapy.

title: Postprandial serum XXXX to plasma @entity3 ratio as a predictor of subsequent insulin treatment in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 2 @entity1 is a progressive disease and most @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 eventually need insulin therapy. The objective of this study was to clarify @entity4 immunoreactivity ( @entity5 ), a marker of beta cell function, as a predictor of requirement for insulin therapy. We conducted a retrospective study of 579 consecutive subjects with @entity2 2 @entity1 who were admitted to our hospital from 2000 to 2007 and were able to be followed up for at least 6 months after discharge. Fasting and postprandial serum @entity5 and urinary @entity5 levels had been measured during admission. Information about insulin therapy at the last visit was obtained from medical records. At the last visit, 364 subjects (62.9%) were treated with insulin. Mean interval between discharge and the last visit was 4.5    2.3 years. Serum and urine @entity5 levels at baseline were significantly associated with insulin treatment at the last visit (P<0.001 for all). Among @entity5 values, postprandial serum @entity5 to plasma @entity3 ratio ( @entity5 index) showed the greatest area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for insulin therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluating the effect of postprandial @entity5 index adjusted for other confounders showed consistent results with unadjusted results. In conclusion, beta cell dysfunction is significantly correlated with future insulin therapy in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . Our study indicates that among @entity5 measurements, postprandial @entity5 index is the best predictive marker for future insulin therapy.

title: Postprandial serum @entity4 to plasma @entity3 ratio as a predictor of subsequent insulin treatment in XXXX with @entity2 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to develop and assess the validity and reliability of a target board test (TBT) for quantifying @entity3 and measuring @entity4 in the presence of @entity2 . DESIGN: Each subject was instructed to reach out and mark a target placed at arm's length with a pen (10 times with each hand). Ten @entity0 performed the test twice. SETTING: A hospital-based @entity1 ( @entity1 ) unit. SUBJECTS: Fifty-three @entity0 with @entity1 and upper limb @entity2 / @entity3 and 20 healthy control subjects. The @entity1 @entity0 were classified into four subgroups: @entity1 control group (n = 13), @entity1 @entity2 group (n = 9), @entity1 @entity4 group (n = 6), @entity1 mixed ( @entity2 and @entity4 ) group (n = 25). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures were the average radial distance away from the target (mean R) and the mean directional error (mean V) of the 10 contact points from the target. From these a @entity4 @entity2 index (DTI) was calculated by dividing mean V by mean R. Also used were a @entity4 scale, a dysdiadochokinesia scale and a finger-tapping test. RESULTS: Mean R correlated significantly with @entity4 , dysdiadochokinesia, kinetic @entity2 and (inversely) with the finger-tapping test (all p < 0.005). The median difference between two measurements of mean R for all 10 contact points was 11.3% and 19.0% and for mean V48.3% and 63.4% and DTI 57.2% and 50.5% for the right- and left-hand sides respectively, indicating the considerable directional variability within @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The TBT provides simple quantitative objective measurements of @entity3 .

title: Target board test for the quantification of XXXX in tremulous @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to develop and assess the validity and reliability of a target board test (TBT) for quantifying @entity3 and measuring @entity4 in the presence of @entity2 . DESIGN: Each subject was instructed to reach out and mark a target placed at arm's length with a pen (10 times with each hand). Ten @entity0 performed the test twice. SETTING: A hospital-based @entity1 ( @entity1 ) unit. SUBJECTS: Fifty-three @entity0 with @entity1 and upper limb @entity2 / @entity3 and 20 healthy control subjects. The @entity1 @entity0 were classified into four subgroups: @entity1 control group (n = 13), @entity1 @entity2 group (n = 9), @entity1 @entity4 group (n = 6), @entity1 mixed ( @entity2 and @entity4 ) group (n = 25). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main outcome measures were the average radial distance away from the target (mean R) and the mean directional error (mean V) of the 10 contact points from the target. From these a @entity4 @entity2 index (DTI) was calculated by dividing mean V by mean R. Also used were a @entity4 scale, a dysdiadochokinesia scale and a finger-tapping test. RESULTS: Mean R correlated significantly with @entity4 , dysdiadochokinesia, kinetic @entity2 and (inversely) with the finger-tapping test (all p < 0.005). The median difference between two measurements of mean R for all 10 contact points was 11.3% and 19.0% and for mean V48.3% and 63.4% and DTI 57.2% and 50.5% for the right- and left-hand sides respectively, indicating the considerable directional variability within @entity3 . CONCLUSION: The TBT provides simple quantitative objective measurements of @entity3 .

title: Target board test for the quantification of @entity3 in tremulous XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of two rapid urine tests fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products FDP (Aura @entity3 FDP, PerImmune Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA) and @entity2 antigen BTA (Bard BTA, Bard Canada Inc., Mississauga, Ontario, Canada) to urinary cytology in establishing the diagnosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 with suspected upper tract @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective study, urine samples were collected from 29 @entity0 with @entity5 highly suspicious for @entity1 . Sensitivity and specificity of the BTA and FDP tests were determined and compared to those of cytology. All @entity0 interpreting the individual tests were blinded to the other test results. RESULTS: Of the 29 @entity0 evaluated, 14 were found to have upper tract @entity4 . The overall sensitivity of FDP, BTA and urinary cytology was found to be 100%, 50% and 29%, respectively. The accuracy of the FDP test was 83% as compared to 62% for BTA and 59% for cytology. CONCLUSION: Urinary cytology lacks sensitivity in the diagnosis of upper tract @entity4 . This preliminary study suggests that the point-of-care test, FDP, has better test characteristics than urinary cytology. Further evaluation of these tests is warranted for their potential to improve and facilitate the diagnosis of @entity1 .

title: A comparative analysis of rapid urine tests for the diagnosis of upper urinary tract XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the influence of HLA compatibility on the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: This retrospective study involved 121 @entity6 @entity0 including 90 in chronic phase, 8 in accelerated phase and 23 with @entity9 . Of these @entity0 , 85 received related and 36 had unrelated donor allo-HSCT. The conditioning regimens included total body irradiation with @entity2 in 37 @entity0 , and modified BUCY protocol in 84 @entity0 . @entity1 (CsA) and @entity4 ( @entity5 ) were used for @entity7 ( @entity7 ) prophylaxis in @entity0 undergoing HLA-matched sibling donor transplants. CsA, @entity5 , antihuman thymocyte globulin and @entity8 were used in all the @entity0 undergoing HLA-mismatched related donor and unrelated donor transplants. The prognostic factors of @entity6 were evaluated using Cox regression and the cumulative @entity3 and the disease-free survival were estimated using Kaplan and Meier survival analysis model. RESULTS: The incidence of II-IV acute @entity7 was 26.1% in HLA-matched and 53.3% in HLA-mismatched cases (P=0.006), with a 5-year cumulative incidence of chronic @entity7 of 47.4% and 49.6%, respectively (P=0.947). The 5-year cumulative incidences of disease relapse was 16.7% in the total @entity0 , with a 5-year cumulative @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of 70.5% and disease-free survival (DFS) of 63.4%. The 5-year @entity3 was 78.2% in HLA-matched cases, as compared with 47.6% in HLA-mismatched cases. Multivariate analysis with Cox regression model identified HLA mismatch, II-IV acute @entity7 , and advanced phase as the risk factors affecting the @entity3 . CONCLUSION: HLA mismatch can significantly increase the incidence of II-IV acute @entity7 following allo-HSCT and decrease the long-term survival rate, which is not related to the donor source.

title: [Impact of HLA compatibility on the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present to general dentists the typical signs and symptoms associated with adult acute (primary) herpetic @entity4 . The pertinent laboratory tests, management options and current pharmacotherapy are also reviewed. REVIEW DESIGN: The clinical files of 13 adult @entity0 were reviewed. All had no history of @entity2 and presented with oral lesions suggestive of primary @entity1 . The subjects were all @entity0 of one of the investigators, and their workup included Tzanck testing and viral culture. RESULTS: The @entity0 ranged in age from 18 to 79 (mean 37.2, standard deviation 19.6) years. Nine (69%) were @entity0 . Viral culture was confirmed as the gold standard for diagnosis. The sensitivity of Tzanck testing was 77% (10/13), slightly higher than that reported previously (40% to 50%). In this @entity0 group the febrile lymphadenopathic profile was typical of younger @entity0 (18 to 42 years of age), whereas older @entity0 presented with predominantly oral symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 is not limited to @entity0 but can affect @entity0 of any age. Proper diagnosis and treatment are essential, particularly in elderly and immunocompromised @entity0 . Tzanck testing may serve as a useful adjunct in diagnosis. Antiviral agents such as @entity3 and @entity5 should be considered part of early management. Dentists are often the first health care professionals to be consulted by @entity0 with this condition, and recognition of the @entity1 is paramount.

title: XXXX in adults: a review of 13 cases, including diagnosis and management.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The responses of sympathetic nerve activity to transient stress can be exaggerated in @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity1 subjects. Cardiac and renal interstitial norepinephrine (iNE) levels during and after transient @entity4 were investigated in conscious @entity3 @entity0 . Dahl @entity3 and salt-resistant (SR) 6-wk-old @entity0 were fed a high-salt diet, and at 12 wk iNE levels in the heart and kidney were determined using microdialysis with probes inserted in the left ventricular (LV) wall and kidney. A telemetry system determined blood pressure and heart rate (HR) in separate animals. After recovery from the operation, data were collected before, during, and after exposure to normoxic 10% @entity2 for 25 min under unanesthetized conditions. The plasma NE concentrations at baseline did not differ between the two strains. Both cardiac and renal iNE levels were much higher in @entity3 @entity0 than in SR @entity0 at baseline as well as during hypercapnic stress. After stress, the markedly increased iNE levels of @entity3 @entity0 were prolonged in the LV as well as in the kidney. During hypercapnic stress, HR decreased in both @entity3 and SR @entity0 , while sudden increases in HR immediately after the withdrawal from stress were followed by its slower reduction in @entity3 @entity0 compared with SR @entity0 . In conclusion, transient hypercapnic stress causes exaggerated and prolonged elevation of iNE levels in the heart as well as in kidneys of @entity3 animals.

title: Transient hypercapnic stress causes exaggerated and prolonged elevation of cardiac and renal interstitial norepinephrine levels in conscious XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The responses of sympathetic nerve activity to transient stress can be exaggerated in @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity1 subjects. Cardiac and renal interstitial norepinephrine (iNE) levels during and after transient @entity4 were investigated in conscious @entity3 @entity0 . Dahl @entity3 and salt-resistant (SR) 6-wk-old @entity0 were fed a high-salt diet, and at 12 wk iNE levels in the heart and kidney were determined using microdialysis with probes inserted in the left ventricular (LV) wall and kidney. A telemetry system determined blood pressure and heart rate (HR) in separate animals. After recovery from the operation, data were collected before, during, and after exposure to normoxic 10% @entity2 for 25 min under unanesthetized conditions. The plasma NE concentrations at baseline did not differ between the two strains. Both cardiac and renal iNE levels were much higher in @entity3 @entity0 than in SR @entity0 at baseline as well as during hypercapnic stress. After stress, the markedly increased iNE levels of @entity3 @entity0 were prolonged in the LV as well as in the kidney. During hypercapnic stress, HR decreased in both @entity3 and SR @entity0 , while sudden increases in HR immediately after the withdrawal from stress were followed by its slower reduction in @entity3 @entity0 compared with SR @entity0 . In conclusion, transient hypercapnic stress causes exaggerated and prolonged elevation of iNE levels in the heart as well as in kidneys of @entity3 animals.

title: Transient hypercapnic stress causes exaggerated and prolonged elevation of cardiac and renal interstitial norepinephrine levels in conscious @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Cold-pressed canola cake is a coproduct of biodiesel production that contains more residual oil than expeller-pressed and solvent-extracted canola meal. Cold-pressed canola cake might be an attractive feedstuff for @entity0 due to local availability from small plants. However, the nutritional quality and content of anti-nutritional factors of cold-pressed canola cake are poorly defined and vary with processing conditions. This experiment evaluated cold-pressed canola cake processed using 4 different conditions: a nonheated and heated barrel at slow and fast screw speed in a 2   2 factorial arrangement. Seven ileally cannulated barrows (26 kg of BW) were fed twice daily at 2.8   maintenance diets containing either 44% of 1 of the 4 cold-pressed canola cake samples, expeller-pressed canola meal, canola seed, or an N-free diet in a 7   7 Latin square. The objectives were to measure the energy and @entity4 digestibility and to calculate @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity4 and NE content. Each 9-d experimental period consisted of a 5-d diet adaptation, followed by 2-d feces and 2-d ileal digesta collections, and 7 observations per diet were obtained. Cold-pressed canola cake contained 41% CP, 16% ether extract, and 5   mol of total @entity5 /g ( @entity1 basis). Both apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and total tract energy digestibility of energy in cold-pressed canola cake was 36% greater (P < 0.05) in heated vs. nonheated conditions and 8% greater (P < 0.05) in fast vs. slow screw speed without interaction, indicating that heat enhanced energy digestibility. The AID of energy of cold-pressed canola cake was 13 and 118% greater (P < 0.01) than expeller-pressed canola meal and canola seed, respectively. Heat and speed interacted (P < 0.05) for @entity2 of @entity4 of test ingredients, but effects were not consistent among @entity4 . The DE and calculated NE content of cold-pressed canola cake was 0.73 and 0.52 Mcal/kg greater (P=0.001; @entity1 basis), respectively, than expeller-pressed canola meal and did not differ from canola seed. Cold-pressed canola cake averaged 4.17 Mcal of DE/kg, 2.84 Mcal of NE/kg, 0.87% @entity2 Lys, 0.46% @entity2 Met, and 0.79% @entity2 Thr ( @entity1 basis). In conclusion, processing conditions greatly affected the digestible nutrient content of cold-pressed canola cake. Content of residual ether extract was an important determinant of the energy value of @entity3 cake, whereas residual glucosinolates did not seem to hamper nutrient digestibility.

title: Processing conditions affect nutrient digestibility of cold-pressed canola cake for grower XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine changes in @entity2 -transport-dependent dye exclusion in outgrowths from limbal explants. METHODS: @entity0 or @entity1 limbal strips were deposited onto inserts. Over a month, the segments were twice transferred to new inserts. Fresh tissue (FT) cells, obtained by sequential dispase-trypsin digestion and the cells growing from the explant cultures, were characterized for @entity2 -dependent efflux by flow cytometry using a newly identified substratum, JC1. @entity1 cells were sorted into JC1-excluding (JC1(low)) and main (JC1(main)) cohorts and seeded with feeder 3T3 cells to determine colony formation efficiency (CFE). RESULTS: The JC1(low) cells were all Hoechst 33342-excluding cells and vice versa, establishing the physical equivalence between JC1(low) and the side population (SP). JC1(low) cell content was reduced by three @entity2 -specific inhibitors: FTC, @entity3 , and @entity4 . JC1(low) percentiles for the fresh @entity0 and @entity1 cells were 1.4% and 4.1% and CFEs for @entity1 JC1(low) and JC1(main) were 1.2% and 5.3%. In contrast, the respective JC1(low) percentiles in the first and second outgrowths were 19.5% and 27.4% and 25.8% and 32.5%, and the @entity1 JC1(low) and JC1(main) CFEs were 12.3% and 0.9%. Thus, although in FT the contribution of the JC1(low) cohort to the CFE is minimal, in the explant culture the phenotype incorporates >80% of the CFE. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 -dependent dye exclusion undergoes a large expansion in explant culture and becomes associated with a high CFE. The transport increase is more pronounced at late outgrowth times, suggesting permanence of stem cells within the explant.

title: XXXX -dependent dye exclusion activity and clonal potential in epithelial cells continuously growing for 1 month from limbal explants.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We tested the hypotheses that active upper airway closure during induced @entity2 in nonsedated @entity1 1). is complete and occurs at the laryngeal level and 2). is not due to stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerves (SLN). Five newborn @entity1 were surgically instrumented to record thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle (glottal constrictor) electromyographic (EMG) activity with supra- and subglottal pressures. @entity2 were induced before and after SLN sectioning in the five @entity1 . A total of 174 @entity0 were induced, 116 before and 58 after sectioning of the internal branch of the SLN (iSLN). Continuous TA EMG activity was observed in 88% of @entity0 before iSLN section and in 87% of @entity0 after iSLN section. A transglottal pressure different from zero was observed in all @entity0 with TA EMG activity, with a mean subglottal pressure of 4.3 +/- 0.8 cm @entity3 before and 4.7 +/- 0.7 cm @entity3 after iSLN section. Supraglottal pressure was consistently atmospheric. Sectioning of both iSLNs had no effects on the results. We conclude that upper airway closure during induced @entity2 in @entity1 is active, complete, and occurs at the glottal level only. Consequently, a positive subglottal pressure is maintained throughout the @entity0 . Finally, this complete active glottal closure is independent from laryngeal afferent innervation.

title: Active upper airway closure during induced XXXX in @entity1 is complete at the laryngeal level only.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We tested the hypotheses that active upper airway closure during induced @entity2 in nonsedated @entity1 1). is complete and occurs at the laryngeal level and 2). is not due to stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerves (SLN). Five newborn @entity1 were surgically instrumented to record thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle (glottal constrictor) electromyographic (EMG) activity with supra- and subglottal pressures. @entity2 were induced before and after SLN sectioning in the five @entity1 . A total of 174 @entity0 were induced, 116 before and 58 after sectioning of the internal branch of the SLN (iSLN). Continuous TA EMG activity was observed in 88% of @entity0 before iSLN section and in 87% of @entity0 after iSLN section. A transglottal pressure different from zero was observed in all @entity0 with TA EMG activity, with a mean subglottal pressure of 4.3 +/- 0.8 cm @entity3 before and 4.7 +/- 0.7 cm @entity3 after iSLN section. Supraglottal pressure was consistently atmospheric. Sectioning of both iSLNs had no effects on the results. We conclude that upper airway closure during induced @entity2 in @entity1 is active, complete, and occurs at the glottal level only. Consequently, a positive subglottal pressure is maintained throughout the @entity0 . Finally, this complete active glottal closure is independent from laryngeal afferent innervation.

title: Active upper airway closure during induced @entity2 in XXXX is complete at the laryngeal level only.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Secretory phospholipases A(2) ( @entity17 ) are released in large amounts in the blood of @entity0 with systemic inflammatory diseases and accumulate at sites of chronic @entity1 , such as the airways of @entity0 with @entity5 . Blood eosinophils or eosinophils recruited in inflammatory areas therefore can be exposed in vivo to high concentrations of @entity15 . We have examined the effects of two structurally different @entity17 (group IA and group IIA) on several functions of eosinophils isolated from normal donors and @entity0 with @entity9 . Both group IA and IIA @entity15 ) induced a concentration-dependent release of beta-glucuronidase, @entity6 , and @entity7 . Release of the two cytokines was associated with the accumulation of their specific mRNA. In addition, @entity17 induced the surface expression of @entity10 and @entity16 , two major activation markers of eosinophils. In contrast, none of the @entity17 examined induced the production of @entity4 , the de novo synthesis of @entity2 and platelet-activating factor, or the generation of @entity3 anion from @entity0 eosinophils. Incubation of eosinophils with the major enzymatic products of the @entity17 ( @entity8 , @entity14 , or @entity13 ) did not reproduce any of the enzymes' effects. In addition, inactivation of @entity15 ) enzymatic activity by @entity11 did not influence the release of beta-glucuronidase or of cytokines. Stimulation of eosinophils by @entity17 was associated with activation of @entity12 . These results indicate that @entity17 selectively activate certain proinflammatory and immunoregulatory functions of @entity0 eosinophils through mechanism(s) independent from enzymatic activity and from the generation of @entity8 .

title: Secretory phospholipases A2 activate selective functions in XXXX eosinophils.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Impulses in 45 single mechanoreceptive afferents were recorded from the @entity0 @entity1 with permucosally inserted @entity3 microelectrodes. All afferents responded to mechanical stimulation of one or more @entity2 and most likely innervated their periodontal ligaments. For each afferent, isolated " @entity5 shaped force profiles of similar magnitudes (252 +/- 24 mN; mean +/- SD) were applied to the lower first premolar, the second premolar, and the first molar on the recording side. The tooth loads were applied in six directions: lingual, facial, mesial, and distal in the horizontal plane and up and down in the vertical direction of the tooth. The afferents response during the static phase of the stimulus was analyzed. All afferents were slowly adapting, discharging continuously in response to static forces in at least one stimulation direction. Twenty-nine afferents (64%) were spontaneously active, exhibiting an ongoing discharge in the absence of external stimulation. Stimulation of a single tooth was found to excite each afferent most strongly. The @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was the first premolar for 23, the second premolar for 13, and the first molar for 9 afferents. About half of the afferent population also responded to loading of one or two more teeth. The response profiles of these afferents indicated that the multiple-teeth receptive fields were due to mechanical coupling between the teeth rather than branching of single afferents to innervate several teeth. The afferent responses to loading the mesial and distal halves of the first molars were very similar. Thus both intensive and directional aspects of the afferent response when loading one side of the tooth was preserved to a great extent when loading the other side. When loading the @entity4 , the afferents typically showed excitatory responses in two to four of the six stimulation directions, i.e., the afferents were broadly tuned to direction of tooth loading. In the horizontal plane, the afferent populations at the premolar teeth expressed no clear directional preferences. The afferents at the molar, however, showed a strong directional bias in the distal-lingual direction. In the vertical plane, there was a preference for downward-directed forces with a gradually decreasing sensitivity distally along the dental arch. The present results demonstrate that @entity0 periodontal afferents supplying anterior and posterior teeth differ in their capacity to signal horizontal and vertical forces, respectively.

title: Receptive field properties of XXXX periodontal afferents responding to loading of premolar and molar teeth.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Experimental control Strains 30, representative of commercial broiler dam stocks in the late 1970's, and K, representative of commercial broiler stocks of 20 years earlier, were compared. Development of carcass @entity0 and related traits and physiological traits from 3 to 17 weeks of age were studied. About 12 @entity2 of mixed sex of each strain were bled and killed at 2-week intervals beginning at 3 weeks of age for measurement of traits. From 3 to 17 weeks of age, percentage abdominal fat of carcass, carcass fat (ether extract) and plasma very low density lipoproteins ( @entity4 ) increased with age. Percentage carcass @entity1 , ash, and water, lipase activity of abdominal fat expressed per mg protein or per g of fat ( @entity3 /g F), and protein concentration of the abdominal fat enzyme preparation (P/ml EPrep) decreased with age. Strain 30 had a higher percentage of abdominal fat and carcass fat, but less carcass @entity1 , ash, and water than Strain K, although there were interactions with sex and age. For physiological traits, Strain 30 had more @entity3 /g F and less P/ml EPrep than Strain K. Males had lower percentages of abdominal fat, carcass fat, and plasma @entity4 , and higher percentages of carcass @entity1 , ash, and water than females. There were no significant differences between sexes for the other physiological traits. There were significant (P less than .01) partial correlations between plasma @entity4 and percentage abdominal fat (.22), and between P/ml EPrep and percentages of abdominal fat (-.25), carcass fat (-.29), carcass @entity1 (.30), and carcass water (.30). These observations in conjunction with multiple regression analyses indicated that, in addition to plasma @entity4 , protein concentration of adipose tissue expressed as P/ml EPrep might be a useful predictor of @entity0 in @entity2 .

title: Plasma very low density lipoproteins, abdominal fat lipase, and XXXX during rearing in two strains of broiler @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Experimental control Strains 30, representative of commercial broiler dam stocks in the late 1970's, and K, representative of commercial broiler stocks of 20 years earlier, were compared. Development of carcass @entity0 and related traits and physiological traits from 3 to 17 weeks of age were studied. About 12 @entity2 of mixed sex of each strain were bled and killed at 2-week intervals beginning at 3 weeks of age for measurement of traits. From 3 to 17 weeks of age, percentage abdominal fat of carcass, carcass fat (ether extract) and plasma very low density lipoproteins ( @entity4 ) increased with age. Percentage carcass @entity1 , ash, and water, lipase activity of abdominal fat expressed per mg protein or per g of fat ( @entity3 /g F), and protein concentration of the abdominal fat enzyme preparation (P/ml EPrep) decreased with age. Strain 30 had a higher percentage of abdominal fat and carcass fat, but less carcass @entity1 , ash, and water than Strain K, although there were interactions with sex and age. For physiological traits, Strain 30 had more @entity3 /g F and less P/ml EPrep than Strain K. Males had lower percentages of abdominal fat, carcass fat, and plasma @entity4 , and higher percentages of carcass @entity1 , ash, and water than females. There were no significant differences between sexes for the other physiological traits. There were significant (P less than .01) partial correlations between plasma @entity4 and percentage abdominal fat (.22), and between P/ml EPrep and percentages of abdominal fat (-.25), carcass fat (-.29), carcass @entity1 (.30), and carcass water (.30). These observations in conjunction with multiple regression analyses indicated that, in addition to plasma @entity4 , protein concentration of adipose tissue expressed as P/ml EPrep might be a useful predictor of @entity0 in @entity2 .

title: Plasma very low density lipoproteins, abdominal fat lipase, and @entity0 during rearing in two strains of broiler XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a common disorder that is triggered by orthostatic stress. The circulatory adjustments to orthostatic stress occur just prior to a @entity3 . @entity2 prediction would protect @entity0 from falls or accidents. METHODS AND RESULTS: Based on simultaneously recorded heart rate (HR) and pulse wave during 70   @entity1 ( @entity1 ) table testing we investigated a @entity5 warning system. In 14 @entity0 with a history of suspected @entity2 we tested 2 algorithms based on HR and/or @entity4 ( @entity7 ). When the cumulative risk exceeded the threshold, which was calculated during the first 2 minutes following the posture change to upright position, a @entity5 prediction alarm was triggered. All @entity5 (n = 7) were detected more than 16 seconds before the onset of @entity6 or @entity3 by using a prediction alarm based on HR and @entity7 ( @entity5 @entity7 ). No false alarm was generated in @entity0 with negative @entity1 (n = 7). Syncope prediction was improved by detecting the slope of HR changes as compared with monitoring @entity7 changes alone ( @entity5 prediction algorithm 1). The duration between the prediction alarm and the occurrence of @entity5 was 99    108 seconds. CONCLUSION: Predicting @entity2 is feasible by monitoring HR and the onset of the pulse wave at the periphery. This approach might improve @entity2 management.

title: Predicting neurally mediated @entity5 based on XXXX : algorithm development and preliminary results.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a common disorder that is triggered by orthostatic stress. The circulatory adjustments to orthostatic stress occur just prior to a @entity3 . @entity2 prediction would protect @entity0 from falls or accidents. METHODS AND RESULTS: Based on simultaneously recorded heart rate (HR) and pulse wave during 70   @entity1 ( @entity1 ) table testing we investigated a @entity5 warning system. In 14 @entity0 with a history of suspected @entity2 we tested 2 algorithms based on HR and/or @entity4 ( @entity7 ). When the cumulative risk exceeded the threshold, which was calculated during the first 2 minutes following the posture change to upright position, a @entity5 prediction alarm was triggered. All @entity5 (n = 7) were detected more than 16 seconds before the onset of @entity6 or @entity3 by using a prediction alarm based on HR and @entity7 ( @entity5 @entity7 ). No false alarm was generated in @entity0 with negative @entity1 (n = 7). Syncope prediction was improved by detecting the slope of HR changes as compared with monitoring @entity7 changes alone ( @entity5 prediction algorithm 1). The duration between the prediction alarm and the occurrence of @entity5 was 99    108 seconds. CONCLUSION: Predicting @entity2 is feasible by monitoring HR and the onset of the pulse wave at the periphery. This approach might improve @entity2 management.

title: Predicting neurally mediated XXXX based on @entity4 : algorithm development and preliminary results.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The mechanisms underlying a reported tendency for @entity1 who hold strong religious beliefs to seek medical help at more advanced stages of @entity0 are unknown. This study investigates further the effect of religious beliefs with other variables on @entity0 screening and the intended presentation of a self-discovered breast lump. METHODS: The study included 682 eastern North Carolina @entity1 aged 40 and over who were interviewed in their homes about religious and other beliefs about @entity0 , screening, and intended actions with a self-discovered breast lump. RESULTS: Principal components factor analysis results suggested that a majority of @entity1 believe that God works through doctors to cure @entity0 . We labeled this dimension "religious intervention with treatment." A minority believed that medical treatment was unnecessary because only God could cure @entity0 . We labeled this dimension "religious intervention in place of treatment." The first dimension correlated with self-reported mammography but not clinical breast examination or @entity1 's intention to delay presentation of a self-discovered breast lump. The second dimension, significantly more common in African American @entity1 who were less educated and older, correlated strongly with the intention to delay presentation of a self-discovered breast lump. CONCLUSIONS: Belief in "religious intervention in place of treatment" may help to explain why African American @entity1 delay presentation of palpable breast lumps, contributing to advanced-stage @entity2 diagnosis. We suggest that clinicians and clergy work together within the context of religious beliefs to enhance early detection and survival from @entity0 .

title: Religious beliefs and XXXX screening.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To evaluate survival, clinical, and genetic characteristics of all @entity0 with classic or type 1 @entity4 born between 1972 and 1990 in the Netherlands, who at the time were enrolled in an observational study. METHOD: We re-evaluated 24 @entity0 (11 males, 13 females) for long-term follow-up and survival information. RESULTS: Mean length of follow-up was 14 years (SD 9 y 8 mo). Eleven @entity0 were alive at follow-up. All @entity0 showed severe @entity3 , @entity2 , and complete dependency on care. Life expectancy was related to the severity of the @entity4 on neuroimaging. Molecular analysis of the @entity5 gene was not possible at the time of the original study and was now requested by eight parents. This revealed a pathogenic nonsense mutation or deletion in seven @entity0 . INTERPRETATION: Our study provides information about the long-term course of @entity4 and the relationship between @entity4 severity and prognosis. It also shows that renewed attention to genetic counselling remains valued by families of @entity0 with a severe @entity1 .

title: Long-term follow-up of type 1 XXXX : survival is related to neuroimaging abnormalities.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: In @entity1 , @entity2 promotes macroangiopathy and endothelial regeneration is impaired, owing to reduced endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Given that insulin influences endothelial biology, we compared the effects of add-on basal insulin analogues on @entity2 and regeneration in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: This was a 6-month randomized crossover trial comparing add-on insulin detemir versus glargine in poorly controlled @entity6 with macroangiopathy. At baseline, crossover (3 months) and study end (6 months), we measured HbA1c, EPCs, circulating endothelial cells (CECs), @entity8 , @entity5 and @entity7 . Body weight and hypoglycaemic episodes were also recorded. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity0 completed the study, randomly assigned to the glargine-detemir (n = 21) or the detemir-glargine (n = 21) schedule. At crossover, EPC levels did not change compared with baseline, but significantly increased at study end. CECs decreased over time and were significantly reduced at study end. @entity5 , @entity8 and @entity7 were significantly reduced at crossover and further decreased at study end. No differences were seen in these effects between detemir and glargine. HbA1c showed a carryover effect and its reduction was similar with detemir and glargine in the first arm. Incidence of hypoglycaemia and @entity4 was lower with detemir than with glargine in both arms. CONCLUSION: Optimized glycaemic control by add-on basal insulin improved indexes of @entity2 and regeneration. Compared to glargine, detemir achieved similar endothelial protection with lower @entity4 and less hypoglycaemia. These results might have implications for therapy of aging @entity6 @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Optimized glycaemic control achieved with add-on basal insulin therapy improves indexes of XXXX and regeneration in type 2 @entity1 @entity0 with macroangiopathy: a randomized crossover trial comparing detemir versus glargine.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: In @entity1 , @entity2 promotes macroangiopathy and endothelial regeneration is impaired, owing to reduced endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Given that insulin influences endothelial biology, we compared the effects of add-on basal insulin analogues on @entity2 and regeneration in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: This was a 6-month randomized crossover trial comparing add-on insulin detemir versus glargine in poorly controlled @entity6 with macroangiopathy. At baseline, crossover (3 months) and study end (6 months), we measured HbA1c, EPCs, circulating endothelial cells (CECs), @entity8 , @entity5 and @entity7 . Body weight and hypoglycaemic episodes were also recorded. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity0 completed the study, randomly assigned to the glargine-detemir (n = 21) or the detemir-glargine (n = 21) schedule. At crossover, EPC levels did not change compared with baseline, but significantly increased at study end. CECs decreased over time and were significantly reduced at study end. @entity5 , @entity8 and @entity7 were significantly reduced at crossover and further decreased at study end. No differences were seen in these effects between detemir and glargine. HbA1c showed a carryover effect and its reduction was similar with detemir and glargine in the first arm. Incidence of hypoglycaemia and @entity4 was lower with detemir than with glargine in both arms. CONCLUSION: Optimized glycaemic control by add-on basal insulin improved indexes of @entity2 and regeneration. Compared to glargine, detemir achieved similar endothelial protection with lower @entity4 and less hypoglycaemia. These results might have implications for therapy of aging @entity6 @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Optimized glycaemic control achieved with add-on basal insulin therapy improves indexes of @entity2 and regeneration in type 2 XXXX @entity0 with macroangiopathy: a randomized crossover trial comparing detemir versus glargine.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: In @entity1 , @entity2 promotes macroangiopathy and endothelial regeneration is impaired, owing to reduced endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Given that insulin influences endothelial biology, we compared the effects of add-on basal insulin analogues on @entity2 and regeneration in @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: This was a 6-month randomized crossover trial comparing add-on insulin detemir versus glargine in poorly controlled @entity6 with macroangiopathy. At baseline, crossover (3 months) and study end (6 months), we measured HbA1c, EPCs, circulating endothelial cells (CECs), @entity8 , @entity5 and @entity7 . Body weight and hypoglycaemic episodes were also recorded. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity0 completed the study, randomly assigned to the glargine-detemir (n = 21) or the detemir-glargine (n = 21) schedule. At crossover, EPC levels did not change compared with baseline, but significantly increased at study end. CECs decreased over time and were significantly reduced at study end. @entity5 , @entity8 and @entity7 were significantly reduced at crossover and further decreased at study end. No differences were seen in these effects between detemir and glargine. HbA1c showed a carryover effect and its reduction was similar with detemir and glargine in the first arm. Incidence of hypoglycaemia and @entity4 was lower with detemir than with glargine in both arms. CONCLUSION: Optimized glycaemic control by add-on basal insulin improved indexes of @entity2 and regeneration. Compared to glargine, detemir achieved similar endothelial protection with lower @entity4 and less hypoglycaemia. These results might have implications for therapy of aging @entity6 @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Optimized glycaemic control achieved with add-on basal insulin therapy improves indexes of @entity2 and regeneration in type 2 @entity1 XXXX with macroangiopathy: a randomized crossover trial comparing detemir versus glargine.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Astrocytes, which play an active role in chronic inflammatory diseases like @entity1 , exist close to mast cells with which they share perivascular localization. We previously demonstrated the possibility that astrocytes and mast cells interact in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to investigate the signaling pathways and the role for astrocytes in the interaction of astrocytes and mast cells. METHODS: We co-cultured @entity0 U87 @entity6 (U87) and @entity0 mast cell-1 (HMC-1) cell lines, and @entity2 cerebral cortices-derived astrocytes and @entity2 bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Intracellular @entity4 ([ @entity4 ]i) was measured by confocal microscopy; @entity11 siRNA by Silencer Express Kit; small GTPases by @entity7 -pull down assay; PKCs, MAPKs, @entity11 , @entity9 , @entity14 , @entity12 , @entity8 ( @entity8 ) by Western blot; NF-kB and AP-1 by EMSA; cytokines by RT-PCR. An @entity3 ( @entity3 ) model was induced using @entity10 ( @entity10 ) peptide and pertussis toxin in @entity2 . Co-localization of @entity8 and astrocytes in @entity3 brain tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Each astrocyte co-culture had increases in [ @entity4 ]i levels, release of cytokines and chemokines; activities of Rho-family GTPases, NF-kB/AP-1/STAT1727, and Jack1/2, STAT1701. These effects were inhibited by anti- @entity11 antibody or @entity11 siRNA, and signaling pathways for @entity14 were inhibited by anti- @entity8 antibody. @entity3 score, expression of @entity8 , and co-localization of @entity8 and astrocytes were enhanced in brain of the @entity3 model. Anti- @entity11 antibody or @entity13 pretreatment reduced these effects in @entity3 model. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that astrocytes activated by the @entity11 - @entity9 interaction in co-culture induce inflammatory cytokine production via small GTPases, and the secreted cytokines re-activate astrocytes via Jak/STAT1701 pathways, and then release more cytokines that contribute to exacerbating the development of @entity3 . These findings imply that the pro-inflammatory mediators produced by cell-to-cell cross-talk via interaction of @entity11 - @entity9 may be as a promising therapeutic target for @entity5 like @entity1 .

title: Signal pathways in astrocytes activated by cross-talk between of astrocytes and mast cells through XXXX - @entity9 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: Astrocytes, which play an active role in chronic inflammatory diseases like @entity1 , exist close to mast cells with which they share perivascular localization. We previously demonstrated the possibility that astrocytes and mast cells interact in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to investigate the signaling pathways and the role for astrocytes in the interaction of astrocytes and mast cells. METHODS: We co-cultured @entity0 U87 @entity6 (U87) and @entity0 mast cell-1 (HMC-1) cell lines, and @entity2 cerebral cortices-derived astrocytes and @entity2 bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs). Intracellular @entity4 ([ @entity4 ]i) was measured by confocal microscopy; @entity11 siRNA by Silencer Express Kit; small GTPases by @entity7 -pull down assay; PKCs, MAPKs, @entity11 , @entity9 , @entity14 , @entity12 , @entity8 ( @entity8 ) by Western blot; NF-kB and AP-1 by EMSA; cytokines by RT-PCR. An @entity3 ( @entity3 ) model was induced using @entity10 ( @entity10 ) peptide and pertussis toxin in @entity2 . Co-localization of @entity8 and astrocytes in @entity3 brain tissues was determined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Each astrocyte co-culture had increases in [ @entity4 ]i levels, release of cytokines and chemokines; activities of Rho-family GTPases, NF-kB/AP-1/STAT1727, and Jack1/2, STAT1701. These effects were inhibited by anti- @entity11 antibody or @entity11 siRNA, and signaling pathways for @entity14 were inhibited by anti- @entity8 antibody. @entity3 score, expression of @entity8 , and co-localization of @entity8 and astrocytes were enhanced in brain of the @entity3 model. Anti- @entity11 antibody or @entity13 pretreatment reduced these effects in @entity3 model. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that astrocytes activated by the @entity11 - @entity9 interaction in co-culture induce inflammatory cytokine production via small GTPases, and the secreted cytokines re-activate astrocytes via Jak/STAT1701 pathways, and then release more cytokines that contribute to exacerbating the development of @entity3 . These findings imply that the pro-inflammatory mediators produced by cell-to-cell cross-talk via interaction of @entity11 - @entity9 may be as a promising therapeutic target for @entity5 like @entity1 .

title: Signal pathways in astrocytes activated by cross-talk between of astrocytes and mast cells through @entity11 - XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Intracellular studies reveal that, during @entity1 ( @entity1 ), the entire cortical network can swing rhythmically between extremely different microstates, ranging from wakefulness-like network activation to functional disconnection in the space of a few hundred milliseconds. This alternation of states also involves the thalamic neurons and is reflected in the EEG by a slow (<1 Hz) oscillation. These rhythmic changes, occurring in the thalamo-cortical circuits during @entity1 , may have relevant, phasic effects on the transmission and processing of sensory information. However, brain reactivity to sensory stimuli, during @entity1 , has traditionally been studied by means of sequential averaging, a procedure that necessarily masks any short-term fluctuation of responsiveness. The aim of this study was to provide a dynamic evaluation of brain reactivity to sensory stimuli in naturally sleeping @entity0 . To this aim, single-trial somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were grouped and averaged as a function of the phase of the ongoing @entity1 . This procedure revealed a dynamic profile of responsiveness, which was conditioned by the phase of the spontaneous sleep EEG. Overall, the amplitude of the evoked potential changed sistematically, increasing and approaching wakefulness levels along the negative slope of the EEG oscillation and decaying below @entity1 average levels along the positive drift. These marked and fast changes of stimulus-correlated electrical activity involved both short (N20) and long latency (P60 and P100) components of SEPs. In addition, the observed short-term response variability appeared to be centrally generated and specifically related to the evolution of the spontaneous oscillatory pattern. The present findings demonstrate that thalamo-cortical processing of sensory information is not stationary in the very short period (approximately 500 ms) during natural @entity1 .

title: EEG slow (approximately 1 Hz) waves are associated with nonstationarity of thalamo-cortical sensory processing in the sleeping XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated that sleep duration is associated with total mortality in a U-shaped fashion. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between self-reported sleep duration and carotid artery @entity3 in a Japanese population. METHODS: In 2009-2010, a total of 2498 @entity0 (1195 @entity0 , 1303 @entity0 ; age range, 23-92 years) were recruited from members of a Japanese community receiving annual health check-up at a local health center who agreed to participate in the study. Exclusion criteria were as follows: age <40 or >= 85 years; and more than one missing value from either laboratory data or questionnaire responses. A total of 2214 @entity0 were entered into the study. Carotid @entity5 was evaluated ultrasonographically and quantified as @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The presence of carotid artery @entity3 was defined as @entity4 >= 1.2 mm. Sleep durations were compared with @entity4 measurements after controlling for confounding factors such as age, sex, lipid profile, fasting plasma @entity2 , hemoglobin A1c, blood pressure, @entity1 intake, and smoking habit. RESULTS: Sleep duration >= 7 h correlated significantly with the incidence of @entity4 >= 1.2 m when compared with a sleep duration of 6 h (multivariate-adjusted odds ratio, 1.263; 95% confidence interval, 1.031-1.546, P=0.024). Shorter sleep duration  <=5 h did not correlate significantly with the risk compared with a sleep duration of 6 h. CONCLUSION: Long sleep duration (>= 7 h) correlated significantly with the incidence of carotid artery @entity3 compared with a sleep duration of 6 h, but shorter sleep duration did not.

title: Sleep duration is significantly associated with carotid artery XXXX incidence in a Japanese population.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Early-age-at-onset @entity2 and microsatellite instability are characteristic features of @entity2 . Our aim was therefore to investigate whether these features might be useful markers in screening for @entity2 and mismatch repair gene mutations. METHODS: From 1,132 consecutive @entity0 who underwent surgery for @entity2 at our department between 1980 and 1999, we selected all @entity0 40 years of age or younger (study group, n = 59) and a subset of @entity0 40 years of age or older (control group, n = 60) who were matched for gender and pathologic TNM stage. @entity0 for whom a complete family @entity1 history or microsatellite status was unavailable were excluded from the study. @entity1 histories, retrieved from archival charts, were reassessed. Microsatellite status was investigated with the five microsatellites from the Bethesda recommended panel (BAT-26, BAT-25, D2S123, D5S346, and D17S250). On the basis of the number of altered microsatellites (> or = 2, 1, or 0), @entity1 were considered as having high or low instability or microsatellite stability, respectively. Mutation analysis for @entity5 and @entity4 genes was performed only in cases of high instability. DNA was investigated for mutations by single-strand conformational polymorphism and sequencing analysis. RESULTS: Data from 95 @entity0 (study group: n = 37, 18 males, mean age 35 years; control group: n = 58, 29 males, mean age 62 years) were available for analysis. Four @entity0 (study group, n = 3; control group, n = 1) fulfilled the Amsterdam II criteria for @entity2 . Of the 37 study group @entity1 , 12 (32.4 percent) showed @entity3 instability, and 25 had microsatellite stability, whereas among the 58 control group @entity1 , 4 (7 percent) showed @entity3 instability, and 54 had microsatellite stability (P < 0.002). Mismatch repair gene mutation analysis was performed in 12 cases (study group, n = 7; control group, n = 5). We found four mutations ( @entity4 @entity6 , @entity5 ex9 @entity7 , @entity4 @entity8 , and @entity5 del0.8 Kb) in the study group @entity0 and none in the control group. Of four @entity2 @entity0 who underwent mismatch repair gene mutation analysis, one had a mutation. CONCLUSIONS: Early-age-at-onset @entity2 is significantly correlated with @entity3 status and is a useful criterion to identify @entity2 @entity0 . Moreover, when used in association with @entity3 instability status, it is effective in selecting @entity0 for mismatch repair gene mutation analysis.

title: Early-age-at-onset XXXX and microsatellite instability as markers of @entity2 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Early-age-at-onset @entity2 and microsatellite instability are characteristic features of @entity2 . Our aim was therefore to investigate whether these features might be useful markers in screening for @entity2 and mismatch repair gene mutations. METHODS: From 1,132 consecutive @entity0 who underwent surgery for @entity2 at our department between 1980 and 1999, we selected all @entity0 40 years of age or younger (study group, n = 59) and a subset of @entity0 40 years of age or older (control group, n = 60) who were matched for gender and pathologic TNM stage. @entity0 for whom a complete family @entity1 history or microsatellite status was unavailable were excluded from the study. @entity1 histories, retrieved from archival charts, were reassessed. Microsatellite status was investigated with the five microsatellites from the Bethesda recommended panel (BAT-26, BAT-25, D2S123, D5S346, and D17S250). On the basis of the number of altered microsatellites (> or = 2, 1, or 0), @entity1 were considered as having high or low instability or microsatellite stability, respectively. Mutation analysis for @entity5 and @entity4 genes was performed only in cases of high instability. DNA was investigated for mutations by single-strand conformational polymorphism and sequencing analysis. RESULTS: Data from 95 @entity0 (study group: n = 37, 18 males, mean age 35 years; control group: n = 58, 29 males, mean age 62 years) were available for analysis. Four @entity0 (study group, n = 3; control group, n = 1) fulfilled the Amsterdam II criteria for @entity2 . Of the 37 study group @entity1 , 12 (32.4 percent) showed @entity3 instability, and 25 had microsatellite stability, whereas among the 58 control group @entity1 , 4 (7 percent) showed @entity3 instability, and 54 had microsatellite stability (P < 0.002). Mismatch repair gene mutation analysis was performed in 12 cases (study group, n = 7; control group, n = 5). We found four mutations ( @entity4 @entity6 , @entity5 ex9 @entity7 , @entity4 @entity8 , and @entity5 del0.8 Kb) in the study group @entity0 and none in the control group. Of four @entity2 @entity0 who underwent mismatch repair gene mutation analysis, one had a mutation. CONCLUSIONS: Early-age-at-onset @entity2 is significantly correlated with @entity3 status and is a useful criterion to identify @entity2 @entity0 . Moreover, when used in association with @entity3 instability status, it is effective in selecting @entity0 for mismatch repair gene mutation analysis.

title: Early-age-at-onset @entity2 and microsatellite instability as markers of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: We assessed cellular innate and adaptive immune responses in a @entity0 heterotopic tracheal allograft model during the development of obliterative @entity4 . METHODS: Syngeneic tracheal grafts were transplanted heterotopically from DA to DA @entity0 and fully MHC-mismatched allografts from DA to WF @entity0 . The recipients received either no immunosuppression or two different doses of @entity2 and were euthanized at 3, 10 and 30 days. Non-transplanted DA tracheas served as controls. Histologic, immunohistochemical and real-time RT-PCR analyses were performed. RESULTS: The syngrafts had normal epithelium at 10 days and no @entity3 was seen at 30 days. In non-immunosuppressed allografts, almost total loss of epithelium was observed at 10 days, culminating in @entity3 at 30 days. The activation of innate immune response was observed during the ischemic period at 3 days in both groups. Influx of the infiltrating inflammatory cells was more prominent in the allografts. In syngrafts, mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory, but also tolerogenic, cytokines was significantly upregulated, whereas Th1 and Th17 priming factors were significantly downregulated. In allografts, prominent mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines was seen and adaptive Th1 and Th17 alloresponses were increased. @entity2 treatment reduced @entity3 and inhibited both tolerogenic and pro-inflammatory T-cell responses in allografts. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 induced a self-limiting, alloantigen-independent innate immune response in syngrafts. In allografts, the predominant pro-inflammatory milieu and @entity5 -dependent Th1 and Th17 responses were linked to the development of obliterative @entity4 and were inhibited by @entity2 treatment.

title: Innate and adaptive immune responses in obliterative XXXX in @entity0 tracheal allografts.

answer: @entity4