abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 is an @entity0 caused by defects in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) gene. In the present study, the frequencies of the microsatellite alleles at introns 13 and 22 in the @entity4 gene were analyzed in the group of Han nationality in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region to explore their diagnostic value for @entity1 . These two sites were also used to detect the carriers in 13 @entity1 families. METHODS: Ninty-one individuals of Han ethnic group in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (135 X chromosomes) and 13 @entity5 families were subjected to molecular studies. First, these two fragments were PCR amplified simultaneously. Then, @entity2 staining was used later to show their polymorphisms. The investigators selected one sample at random to obtain its lengths of the PCR products at these two sites by ABI310 PCR amplifier. After counting its repeated numbers of (CA) according to the documents concerned, the repeated numbers of the other samples could be counted easily. RESULTS: In the 91 individuals, 6 and 4 alleles were detected at these two sites, respectively. At intron 13 the allele frequencies ranged from 0.0002 to 0.5408 and polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.5899. At intron 22 the allele frequencies ranged from 0.0444 to 0.4963 and its PIC was 0.5359. The actual heterozygosity for intron 13 and intron 22 were 0.6364 (28/44) and 0.5227 (23/44), respectively. In 13 @entity1 families with positive history, 9 of them were diagnosed by this method and the diagnosis rate was 69%. CONCLUSION: With high PICs, (CA)n at intron 13 and intron 22 were two valuable sites in the diagnosis of @entity1 in the population of Han ethnic group in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Compared with some other @entity5 restrictive fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), intron 22 ( @entity3 )n (AG)n was more informative.

title: [A study on the (CA)n in @entity4 gene in Han ethnic group in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region by amplification polymorphisms combined with XXXX staining].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Naturally occurring mutants of membrane and secretory proteins are often associated with the pathogenesis of @entity0 diseases. Here, we describe the molecular basis of a novel phenotype of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), a @entity1 of the @entity0 intestine in which several structural features and functional capacities of the brush-border enzyme complex sucrase-isomaltase (SI) are affected. The cDNA encoding SI from a @entity0 with @entity5 reveals a mutation in the isomaltase subunit of SI that results in the substitution of a @entity3 by an @entity2 at @entity4 residue 635 ( @entity6 ). When this mutation is introduced into the wild type cDNA of SI a mutant enzyme, SI( @entity6 ), is generated that shows a predominant localization in the endoplasmic reticulum. Nevertheless, a definite localization of SI( @entity6 ) in the Golgi apparatus and at the cell surface could be also observed. Epitope mapping with conformation-specific mAbs protease sensitivity assays, and enzymatic activity measurements demonstrate an altered folding pattern of SI( @entity6 ) that is responsible for a substantially increased turnover rate and an aberrant sorting profile. Thus, SI( @entity6 ) becomes distributed also at the basolateral membrane in contrast to wild type SI. Concomitant with the altered sorting pattern, the partial detergent extractability of wild type SI shifts to a complete detergent solubility with Triton X-100. The mutation has therefore affected an epitope responsible for the apical targeting fidelity of SI. Altogether, the combined effects of the @entity6 mutation on the turnover rate, function, polarized sorting, and detergent solubility of SI constitute a unique and novel pathomechanism of @entity5 .

title: Altered folding, turnover, and polarized sorting act in concert to define a novel pathomechanism of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Fibrocytes are fibroblast-like cells, which appear to participate in wound healing and are present in pathological lesions associated with @entity3 , @entity7 , and @entity5 . Fibrocytes differentiate from @entity8 + peripheral blood monocytes, and the presence of serum delays this process dramatically. We previously purified the factor in serum, which inhibits fibrocyte differentiation, and identified it as @entity6 ( @entity6 ). As @entity6 binds to Fc receptors for immunoglobulin G (IgG; Fc gammaRs), Fc gammaR activation may be an inhibitory signal for fibrocyte differentiation. Fc gammaR are activated by aggregated IgG, and we find aggregated but not monomeric, human IgG inhibits @entity0 fibrocyte differentiation. Monoclonal antibodies that bind to @entity10 ( @entity10 ) or Fc gammaRII ( @entity2 ) also inhibit fibrocyte differentiation. Aggregated IgG lacking Fc domains or aggregated IgA, IgE, or IgM do not inhibit fibrocyte differentiation. Incubation of monocytes with @entity6 or aggregated IgG inhibited fibrocyte differentiation. Using inhibitors of protein kinase enzymes, we show that @entity9 - and Src-related @entity4 kinases participate in the inhibition of fibrocyte differentiation. These observations suggest that fibrocyte differentiation can occur in situations where @entity6 and aggregated IgG levels are low, such as the resolution phase of @entity1 .

title: Aggregated IgG inhibits the differentiation of XXXX fibrocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: A prognostic index based on widely available clinical and laboratory features was recently proposed to predict survival in @entity0 with previously untreated @entity1 . We assessed the utility of this index for predicting time to first treatment in early @entity1 . DESIGN AND METHODS: An observational database of the GIMEMA (Gruppo Italiano Malattie EMatologiche dell'Adulto), which included 310 @entity0 with newly diagnosed Binet stage A @entity1 who were observed at different primary hematology centers during the period 1991 - 2000, was used for the purpose of this study. RESULTS: The new prognostic index enabled Binet stage A @entity0 to be divided into two subgroups that differed with respect to time to first treatment (P=0.003). The original prognostic index was derived from a database that included cases observed at a reference academic center; these @entity0 were younger (P<0.0001) and had more advanced disease (P<0.0001) than those in the current investigation, which studied community-based @entity0 whose data were recorded at presentation. With this in mind, we used an optimal cut-off search to determine how best to split @entity0 with Binet stage A disease into different prognostic groups. According to the recursive partitioning (RPART) model, a classification tree was built that identified three subsets of @entity0 who scores were 0-2 (low risk), 3-4 (intermediate risk) and 5-7 (high risk). The probability of remaining free from therapy at 5 years was 100% in the low risk group, 81.2% in the intermediate risk group and 61.3% in the high risk group (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study confirm the utility of a new prognostic index for predicting time to first treatment in a large sample series of community-based @entity0 with early stage @entity1 at presentation. Our effort to develop a revised scoring method meets the need to separate Binet stage A @entity0 into different prognostic groups in order to devise individualized and tailored follow-up during the treatment-free period.

title: The utility of a prognostic index for predicting time to first treatment in early XXXX : the GIMEMA experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical and pathological features of synchronous @entity2 and explore the specificity of treatment for those @entity0 . METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of 326 @entity0 with primary @entity2 were performed. The @entity0 were divided into two groups: single cases (303 @entity0 ) and synchronous cases (23 @entity0 , index @entity1 and second @entity1 ). Clinical characteristics, routine pathological findings in the two groups were compared statistically. RESULTS: There was no difference in location of the lesions between the single cases and the index lesions of synchronous cases, while the differentiation and Ducke stage of index lesions were better than those in single cases. The secondary @entity1 of synchronous cases showed better grades and stages than those of single cases. The frequencies of complicating @entity4 and @entity5 in synchronous cases were higher significantly than those in single cases, with the rate of 34.8% and 78.3%, 11.6% and 42.2%, respectively. All malignant lesions were resected radically, and @entity5 (56.9%) were electro-resected under colonoscopy at 2 approximately 3 months after the @entity3 were radically resected. Of the @entity0 complicated with @entity4 , 79.1% (34 cases) were given one-stage local resection or local colectomy and the rest were given second stage electro-resection. CONCLUSIONS: For the clinical and pathological features of synchronous @entity2 , it is essential to perform a complete evaluation of all @entity2 , establish an individual surgical treatment and follow-up in time.

title: [Clinical research of synchronous XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The pathologic slides and clinical data of 119 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of salivary glands were reviewed. All @entity0 underwent surgical therapy in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University. The postoperative overall observed survival rates and specific survival rates were statistically caculated, and the correlative clinicopathologic factors influencing the prognosis were evaluated. METHODS: Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 10.0 software. The survival rates were obtained by the Kaplan-Meier method. The clinicopathologic parameters were evaluated using log rank test (univariate analysis) and Cox proportional hazards regression model (multivariate analysis). RESULTS: The overall observed survival rates of this group were 92.53%, 87.52% and 85.39% at 5, 10 and 15 years respectively after surgical therapy. Univariate analysis demonstrated that the factors correlated with lower in survival rates were @entity0 's age (> or = 40 years), advanced clinical stage (TNM III, IV stage) and the poorly differentiated @entity1 (P < 0.05). The survival rates of male @entity0 with @entity2 in the major salivary glands were significantly lower than those of female @entity0 (P = 0.008). The degree of differentiation, TNM stage and preoperative symptoms were three important prognostic factors that were selected into the Cox proportional hazards regression model. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity0 with highly differentiated @entity2 in salivary glands had a favorable outcome after receiving adequate surgical treatment. The degree of differentiation and the TNM stage of @entity2 in the salivary glands are two useful factors to evaluate the prognosis of these @entity1 .

title: [Analysis of postoperative survival rates of XXXX in salivary gland].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Sclerosing encapsulating @entity3 (SEP) or @entity5 is a rare disease characterized by the formation of a fibrocollagenous membrane that wraps around the loops of the small bowel, producing obstruction. We present the results of the surgical treatment of this disease in three @entity0 with @entity1 who developed SEP during the course of peritoneal dialysis (PD) and provide a literature review on the subject aimed at the general surgeon. @entity0 AND METHOD: In our area, the PD program treated 150 @entity0 in 14 years, with seven cases of suspected SEP. In three @entity0 , exploratory laparotomy was required. Clinical data, diagnostic imaging tests, type of surgery, immediate postoperative course, and status of the @entity0 during subsequent follow-up are described. RESULTS: In one of the three @entity0 , @entity4 led to perforation requiring resection with @entity2 ; the postoperative course was complicated and the @entity0 died. In the remaining two @entity0 , elective surgery was performed with the aim of removing the capsule enclosing the intestinal loops. In both @entity0 the immediate postoperative course was favorable, although recurrence of intestinal encapsulation occurred in one @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The success of surgery in this disease is determined by the technique used. The correct technique consists of freeing the adhesions and extirpating of the capsule as far as possible. Perforation, as well as resection and intestinal @entity2 , significantly increase mortality.

title: [Surgical treatment of sclerosing encapsulating XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Sch  nlein-Henoch purpura is a systemic @entity6 due to IgA-mediated @entity2 , almost exclusively affecting the pediatric age group. Long-term prognosis is mainly conditioned by renal involvement, which can appear at onset or during the course of the disease. To evaluate renal involvement, 764 @entity0 with Sch  nlein-Henoch purpura were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 153 (20 %) had renal involvement, the most frequent form of presentation being non-nephrotic @entity5 / @entity4 (67 @entity0 ) followed by isolated @entity5 (41 @entity0 ). Renal biopsy was performed in 39 @entity0 , and the most frequent pathological findings were diffuse mesangial proliferation with IgA deposits and less than 50 % of crescentic glomeruli. Treatment was not curative. Three @entity0 (2 %) progressed to @entity3 and required renal transplantation. One @entity0 died. Notably, two of the @entity0 who underwent renal transplantation had disease recurrence. We stress that @entity1 is usually benign and that it requires long-term follow-up.

title: [ XXXX in Sch  nlein-Henoch purpura: a retrospective study of the last 25 years].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the agreement between perceived heart rhythm and the ECG-registered heart rhythm, as well as between symptoms and the ECG after direct current (DC) cardioversion of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: Consecutive @entity0 with symptomatic @entity1 subjected to DC cardioversion were interviewed about perceived heart rhythm and symptoms one week after restoration of sinus rhythm (SR). An ECG was obtained after the interview. A chance-corrected measure of agreement was calculated by using Cohen's kappa test. RESULTS: 356 @entity0 were enrolled. One week after successful cardioversion 160 @entity0 considered their rhythm to be regular and 222 ECGs showed SR. 130 @entity0 considered their heart rhythm to be regular in agreement with ECG in SR (kappa = 0.34, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24 to 0.44), indicating a fair agreement. At the same time 59 @entity0 perceived @entity1 and 134 ECGs showed @entity1 . Thirty eight @entity0 perceived @entity1 , in agreement with @entity1 found on their ECG (kappa = 0.13, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.25), a poor agreement. 141 of 356 @entity0 reported improvement of symptoms in agreement with SR on their ECG (kappa = 0.26, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.36), indicating fair agreement. Perceived SR and improvement of symptoms were strongly associated (n = 129; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Agreement between perceived heart rhythm and ECG, as well as between improvement of symptoms and SR recorded on the ECG, is no more than poor to fair after successful cardioversion of @entity0 with persistent @entity1 . The association between perceived SR and improvement of symptoms is strong. These findings support the need for objective criteria to select @entity0 who would benefit most from rhythm control. They also support the need for further studies on quality of life of @entity0 with @entity1 , with due attention paid to @entity0 ' perception of their cardiac rhythm.

title: Perceived heart rhythm in relation to ECG findings after direct current cardioversion of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Little is known about nutritional factors that influence circulating concentrations of @entity3 hormones, which are consistently associated with risk of @entity0 for postmenopausal @entity1 . We aimed to investigate the association between consumption of animal products and the plasma concentrations of @entity3 hormones and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted on plasma from 766 naturally postmenopausal @entity1 . We measured plasma concentrations of @entity3 hormones and @entity5 , and estimated dietary intakes using a 121-item food frequency questionnaire. Log-transformed values of hormone concentrations were regressed on quartiles of intake of meat and dairy products among food items, and fats, proteins and @entity4 among nutrient intake. RESULTS: Total red and fresh red meat consumption was negatively associated with @entity5 levels (P for trend=0.04 and <0.01, respectively). Mean @entity5 concentrations were approximately 8% and 13% lower for @entity1 in the highest quartile compared with the lowest quartile of total red and fresh red meat consumption, respectively. Positive associations were observed between dairy product consumption and total and free @entity2 concentrations (P for trend=0.02 and 0.03, respectively). Mean concentrations of total and free @entity2 were 15 and 14% higher for @entity1 in the highest quartile of dairy product consumption than for those in the lowest quartile, respectively. No associations were observed with consumption of processed meat, @entity6 , fish, eggs, @entity4 , fats or protein. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that greater consumption of total red and fresh red meat and dairy products might influence circulating concentrations of @entity5 and @entity2 , respectively. Confirmation and further investigation is required.

title: Consumption of animal products, their nutrient components and postmenopausal circulating XXXX hormone concentrations.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Diagnostic strategies for @entity4 must both accurately diagnose @entity1 when present, and safely exclude it when absent. This review summarizes recent data on diagnostic strategies for @entity4 . RECENT FINDINGS: Noninvasive diagnostic strategies have emerged to limit the need for invasive testing for @entity2 and @entity3 . D-Dimer testing combined with clinical assessment can be used to safely exclude @entity2 , limiting the need for further testing. Extended lower limb ultrasonography also shows promise although requires further data. Spiral computed tomography has become widely used for the diagnosis of @entity3 . Evidence either for the use of single-detector spiral computed tomography combined with ultrasound or for multidetector spiral computed tomography as a safe and stand-alone test, for the purpose of excluding @entity3 , is finally catching up with current practice. SUMMARY: Invasive testing for @entity4 can be safely avoided in the majority of @entity0 , using diagnostic strategies combining noninvasive tests. Initial evidence suggests that multidetector spiral computed tomography is a safe stand-alone test for @entity3 . Local cost and expertise with separate diagnostic tests will influence the appropriate choice of diagnostic strategies for @entity4 at individual institutions.

title: Update in the diagnosis of @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Diagnostic strategies for @entity4 must both accurately diagnose @entity1 when present, and safely exclude it when absent. This review summarizes recent data on diagnostic strategies for @entity4 . RECENT FINDINGS: Noninvasive diagnostic strategies have emerged to limit the need for invasive testing for @entity2 and @entity3 . D-Dimer testing combined with clinical assessment can be used to safely exclude @entity2 , limiting the need for further testing. Extended lower limb ultrasonography also shows promise although requires further data. Spiral computed tomography has become widely used for the diagnosis of @entity3 . Evidence either for the use of single-detector spiral computed tomography combined with ultrasound or for multidetector spiral computed tomography as a safe and stand-alone test, for the purpose of excluding @entity3 , is finally catching up with current practice. SUMMARY: Invasive testing for @entity4 can be safely avoided in the majority of @entity0 , using diagnostic strategies combining noninvasive tests. Initial evidence suggests that multidetector spiral computed tomography is a safe stand-alone test for @entity3 . Local cost and expertise with separate diagnostic tests will influence the appropriate choice of diagnostic strategies for @entity4 at individual institutions.

title: Update in the diagnosis of XXXX and @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the cardiovascular profiles of a group of African @entity0 with different body mass indices and blood pressures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included a sample of 98 apparently healthy African @entity0 . The subjects were divided into three groups: lean normotensive (lean NT), overweight/obese normotensive (OW/OB NT), and overweight/obese @entity2 (OW/OB @entity2 ). The Finometer apparatus was used to obtain a more elaborate cardiovascular profile. The lipid profile and subcutaneous fat distributions were also determined. RESULTS: A positive correlation between blood pressure and increased adiposity was obtained. Cardiac output (CO) was elevated in both OW/OB groups. Arterial compliance (CW) was significantly decreased and total peripheral resistance (TPR) significantly increased in the OW/OB @entity2 group compared to the OW/OB NT group. In the total group, @entity3 could be explained best by the abdominal skinfold, which showed a direct positive association with TPR and a negative association with CW . In the OW/OB @entity2 group, the increased TPR could best be explained by the abdominal skinfold. CONCLUSIONS: In the OW/OB @entity2 group, an increase in CO and decrease in vascular function led to the @entity2 of this group. This seems to be related to a truncal, especially abdominal subcutaneous fat distribution. The decreased vascular function was reaffirmed by the pulse pressure (PP) exceeding 63 mmHg, indicating that this group was at high risk for the development of further @entity1 . Lack of significant differences between the OW/OB groups for the anthropometric and lipid profile variables and the difference in age may indicate that the younger OW/OB NT group was at high risk and should be followed up in ensuing years.

title: Cardiovascular function of African XXXX with different BMIs and blood pressures: the POWIRS study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is an intriguing condition that evolves during infancy. It would be thus foolhardy to expect a screening tool at birth to be both highly sensitive and specific. Uncertainty regarding an optimal screening method is compounded by a general lack of sound epidemiological data. Clinical screening remains widely used. Some reports estimated that it did not pick up 60% of @entity0 who eventually needed surgery. Ultrasonography, it was hoped, would improve detection rates. There are 2 approaches to ultrasound; universal screening, which is adopted by some European countries, or selective screening of high risk @entity0 . The problems with universal ultrasound screening are high false positive rates and high costs. The benefit was a possible 6- to 10-fold reduction in surgery for late @entity1 . Similar reductions though had also been reported if ultrasound was used selectively for @entity0 with clinical and historical risk factors. A literature review on this topic is presented. There are pros and cons for both screening strategies. This is reflected in the different protocols that exist among various countries. For healthcare systems that are considering their options, universal ultrasound screening is generally not cost-effective and should not be the preferred screening strategy.

title: XXXX : universal or selective ultrasound screening?

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4 ( @entity5 ) is an investigational pharmaceutical with radiation enhancing properties. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to measure brain and @entity1 @entity5 levels to evaluate (1) the degree to which @entity5 passes through the intact blood brain barrier, and (2) the retention of @entity5 in @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: MRI studies were performed on @entity3 @entity0 who participated in a phase I clinical trial in which @entity5 was given during standard fractionated radiation therapy. @entity5 was administered daily (Monday to Friday) for five or 10 doses as a loading regimen, followed by three times per week dosing as a maintenance schedule. T1-weighted MRI was performed at intervals throughout the course of the @entity5 administration and radiation therapy in the 33 participating @entity0 . Eleven @entity0 had pre- and post- @entity5 scans, allowing for study of @entity5 's normal blood brain barrier penetration. Twenty-two @entity0 had adequate @entity2 for measurements to evaluate @entity5 retention in @entity1 during the course of @entity5 and radiation administration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The studies of uninvolved brain tissue support the conclusion that @entity5 does not cross the intact blood brain barrier in detectable quantities. The @entity1 study showed @entity5 uptake during loading and maintenance without measurably significant fall off on non-dosage days during the maintenance dosing. Although the number of cases is small, the 10-day loading regimen showed greater drug loading and retention compared with the 5 days loading regimen.

title: MRI measurement of the uptake and retention of XXXX in @entity3 and uninvolved normal @entity0 brain.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4 ( @entity5 ) is an investigational pharmaceutical with radiation enhancing properties. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to measure brain and @entity1 @entity5 levels to evaluate (1) the degree to which @entity5 passes through the intact blood brain barrier, and (2) the retention of @entity5 in @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: MRI studies were performed on @entity3 @entity0 who participated in a phase I clinical trial in which @entity5 was given during standard fractionated radiation therapy. @entity5 was administered daily (Monday to Friday) for five or 10 doses as a loading regimen, followed by three times per week dosing as a maintenance schedule. T1-weighted MRI was performed at intervals throughout the course of the @entity5 administration and radiation therapy in the 33 participating @entity0 . Eleven @entity0 had pre- and post- @entity5 scans, allowing for study of @entity5 's normal blood brain barrier penetration. Twenty-two @entity0 had adequate @entity2 for measurements to evaluate @entity5 retention in @entity1 during the course of @entity5 and radiation administration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The studies of uninvolved brain tissue support the conclusion that @entity5 does not cross the intact blood brain barrier in detectable quantities. The @entity1 study showed @entity5 uptake during loading and maintenance without measurably significant fall off on non-dosage days during the maintenance dosing. Although the number of cases is small, the 10-day loading regimen showed greater drug loading and retention compared with the 5 days loading regimen.

title: MRI measurement of the uptake and retention of @entity4 in XXXX and uninvolved normal @entity0 brain.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4 ( @entity5 ) is an investigational pharmaceutical with radiation enhancing properties. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was used to measure brain and @entity1 @entity5 levels to evaluate (1) the degree to which @entity5 passes through the intact blood brain barrier, and (2) the retention of @entity5 in @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS AND MATERIALS: MRI studies were performed on @entity3 @entity0 who participated in a phase I clinical trial in which @entity5 was given during standard fractionated radiation therapy. @entity5 was administered daily (Monday to Friday) for five or 10 doses as a loading regimen, followed by three times per week dosing as a maintenance schedule. T1-weighted MRI was performed at intervals throughout the course of the @entity5 administration and radiation therapy in the 33 participating @entity0 . Eleven @entity0 had pre- and post- @entity5 scans, allowing for study of @entity5 's normal blood brain barrier penetration. Twenty-two @entity0 had adequate @entity2 for measurements to evaluate @entity5 retention in @entity1 during the course of @entity5 and radiation administration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The studies of uninvolved brain tissue support the conclusion that @entity5 does not cross the intact blood brain barrier in detectable quantities. The @entity1 study showed @entity5 uptake during loading and maintenance without measurably significant fall off on non-dosage days during the maintenance dosing. Although the number of cases is small, the 10-day loading regimen showed greater drug loading and retention compared with the 5 days loading regimen.

title: MRI measurement of the uptake and retention of @entity4 in @entity3 and uninvolved normal XXXX brain.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Deposition of @entity3 ( @entity2 ) on activated @entity1 (AC) surface has been widely utilized for the production of @entity2 /AC photocatalyst, which can be used in photo-degradation of pollutants. In this work, a fast and simple digestion procedure has been developed for the spectrophotometric quantitative analysis of @entity2 in @entity2 /AC photocatalyst. Microwave-assisted digestion was used in the procedure. The microwave-digestion procedure was optimized using the single-variable method. Variables optimized included time of ashing, effective digestion time, volume and concentration of @entity4 , effect of adding a digestion catalyst, effect of sample pulverizing and on-off time cycle of the microwave. The analysis was completed spectrophotometrically after addition of @entity0 to the digested solution. Procedure precision and accuracy was tested by application to photocatalyst samples containing known amounts of @entity2 , and compared with previously published spectrophotometric procedures. The proposed microwave procedure was capable of recovering 98.4-101.1% of @entity2 in the catalyst in less than 10min, without the need for sample ashing. Analytical precision is 1.42-2.39% relative standard deviation (R.S.D.). In terms of accuracy and precision, the proposed microwave procedure was comparable with other procedures, but the proposed microwave procedure was superior in terms of shorter procedure duration.

title: A rapid and simple microwave-assisted digestion procedure for spectrophotometric determination of @entity3 photocatalyst on activated XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Deposition of @entity3 ( @entity2 ) on activated @entity1 (AC) surface has been widely utilized for the production of @entity2 /AC photocatalyst, which can be used in photo-degradation of pollutants. In this work, a fast and simple digestion procedure has been developed for the spectrophotometric quantitative analysis of @entity2 in @entity2 /AC photocatalyst. Microwave-assisted digestion was used in the procedure. The microwave-digestion procedure was optimized using the single-variable method. Variables optimized included time of ashing, effective digestion time, volume and concentration of @entity4 , effect of adding a digestion catalyst, effect of sample pulverizing and on-off time cycle of the microwave. The analysis was completed spectrophotometrically after addition of @entity0 to the digested solution. Procedure precision and accuracy was tested by application to photocatalyst samples containing known amounts of @entity2 , and compared with previously published spectrophotometric procedures. The proposed microwave procedure was capable of recovering 98.4-101.1% of @entity2 in the catalyst in less than 10min, without the need for sample ashing. Analytical precision is 1.42-2.39% relative standard deviation (R.S.D.). In terms of accuracy and precision, the proposed microwave procedure was comparable with other procedures, but the proposed microwave procedure was superior in terms of shorter procedure duration.

title: A rapid and simple microwave-assisted digestion procedure for spectrophotometric determination of XXXX photocatalyst on activated @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: One of the unfortunate sequelae in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is upper limb length discrepancy. However, the influence of primary nerve reconstruction remains undetermined. In this study, the resultant discrepancy in @entity0 with @entity1 who underwent primary reconstruction was analyzed in relation to the severity of the lesion, the timing of surgery, and the functional outcome following surgery. METHODS: Fifty-four @entity0 that met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Preoperative and postoperative bilateral scanograms were obtained to document the effect of reinnervation on bone growth. The length of the humerus, ulna, third metacarpal, third proximal phalange, and total limb length were measured and the percentage between the affected and normal side were accessed. Correlations between all the measures of limb length and measures of active motion (i.e., three different classification systems) were performed. RESULTS: Spearman's rank correlation coefficients revealed significant correlations between limb length discrepancies and nearly all measures of active upper extremity movement. The timing of surgery and the severity of the lesion significantly influenced the resultant limb length discrepancy. CONCLUSIONS: The prevention of a non-acceptable upper limb discrepancy is fundamental for both the @entity0 and family. The extent of the resultant discrepancy appeared to be strongly related to the time between injury and surgery, degree of severity, and the outcome of surgery. @entity0 with better functional recoveries of the affected upper extremities showed smaller differences in limb length.

title: Bone discrepancy as a powerful indicator for early surgery in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract. The pathophysiology is unknown but has been shown to be multifactorial. Free radical-mediated damage has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity5 . @entity2 dismutases (SODs) are the first and the most important line of antioxidant enzyme defense against reactive @entity1 species. Moreover, isozymes of the SOD family are critical for modulating the activity of @entity3 , a gaseous free radical that is believed to play roles in the physiology and pathology of respiratory tracts. However, the expression profile of SOD isoforms in @entity5 remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the expression profile of the SOD isoforms in nasal polyps from nonallergic @entity0 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: Nasal polyp tissues were obtained from eight nonallergic @entity0 who underwent elective polypectomy; mucosal specimens from the middle turbinates were acquired from eight subjects without @entity5 as control tissues. The expression profile of SOD isoenzymes, @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity7 , in the nasal tissues was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blotting (WB). RESULTS: @entity5 in all eight of the @entity5 @entity0 manifested as severe or recurrent sinonasal @entity5 clinically. The expression pattern of SOD isoenzymes evaluated by RT-PCR analysis indicated that the mean levels of @entity4 mRNA and, to a greater extent, @entity7 mRNA were higher in polyp tissues than in control tissues. There was no significant difference in the expression levels of @entity6 mRNA between the two groups. The data from ELISA and WB analysis showed that there were increased expressions of @entity4 and @entity7 protein in polyp tissues compared with the control tissues, but there was no difference in the expression of @entity6 protein between the two groups. The results from RT-PCR, ELISA, and WB were paralleled and revealed that the expressions of @entity4 and, to a greater extent, @entity7 were higher in polyp tissues than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of @entity7 and @entity4 were higher in polyp tissues. These results are consistent with previously reported data and support the hypothesis that there is increased oxidative stress in @entity5 . Our data also suggest that the SODs might be important in the pathogenesis of @entity5 ; however, the roles these SOD isoforms, especially @entity7 , play in both normal nasal mucosa and @entity5 require further clarification.

title: Altered expression profile of XXXX dismutase isoforms in nasal polyps from nonallergic @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE/HYPOTHESIS: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract. The pathophysiology is unknown but has been shown to be multifactorial. Free radical-mediated damage has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity5 . @entity2 dismutases (SODs) are the first and the most important line of antioxidant enzyme defense against reactive @entity1 species. Moreover, isozymes of the SOD family are critical for modulating the activity of @entity3 , a gaseous free radical that is believed to play roles in the physiology and pathology of respiratory tracts. However, the expression profile of SOD isoforms in @entity5 remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the expression profile of the SOD isoforms in nasal polyps from nonallergic @entity0 . STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: Nasal polyp tissues were obtained from eight nonallergic @entity0 who underwent elective polypectomy; mucosal specimens from the middle turbinates were acquired from eight subjects without @entity5 as control tissues. The expression profile of SOD isoenzymes, @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity7 , in the nasal tissues was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Western blotting (WB). RESULTS: @entity5 in all eight of the @entity5 @entity0 manifested as severe or recurrent sinonasal @entity5 clinically. The expression pattern of SOD isoenzymes evaluated by RT-PCR analysis indicated that the mean levels of @entity4 mRNA and, to a greater extent, @entity7 mRNA were higher in polyp tissues than in control tissues. There was no significant difference in the expression levels of @entity6 mRNA between the two groups. The data from ELISA and WB analysis showed that there were increased expressions of @entity4 and @entity7 protein in polyp tissues compared with the control tissues, but there was no difference in the expression of @entity6 protein between the two groups. The results from RT-PCR, ELISA, and WB were paralleled and revealed that the expressions of @entity4 and, to a greater extent, @entity7 were higher in polyp tissues than in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of @entity7 and @entity4 were higher in polyp tissues. These results are consistent with previously reported data and support the hypothesis that there is increased oxidative stress in @entity5 . Our data also suggest that the SODs might be important in the pathogenesis of @entity5 ; however, the roles these SOD isoforms, especially @entity7 , play in both normal nasal mucosa and @entity5 require further clarification.

title: Altered expression profile of @entity2 dismutase isoforms in nasal polyps from nonallergic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Persistent @entity2 infection of the otic capsule is suggested to be an etiologic factor in @entity4 . @entity4 is a disease of complex unknown etiology causing progressive conductive and/or @entity3 ( @entity1 ). BACKGROUND: Diagnostic methods of @entity4 are sensitive to ossicular chain fixation with low specificity for @entity6 . METHODS: @entity5 was extracted from stapes foot plates of clinically stapes fixation @entity0 (N = 213). @entity2 nucleoprotein RNA was amplified by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Amplification results were correlated to histologic findings in 49 cases. Antimeasles IgG levels of all clinically stapes fixation as well as control sera specimens were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: Among clinically stapes fixation @entity0 , 141 stapes foot plates contained @entity2 RNA. Among 49 histologic specimens, viral RNA was detectable only in histologically otosclerotic stapes foot plates (n = 35). Histology for virus-negative foot plates (n = 14) excluded @entity4 . Antimeasles IgG levels were significantly lower in the sera of @entity0 with virus-positive stapes than in control sera. CONCLUSIONS: Combination of decreased antimeasles IgG serum level and conductive @entity1 has a great specificity and sensitivity as a diagnostic method in the preoperative evaluation of @entity4 . Low antimeasles IgG level indicates @entity4 , whereas high level suggests non-otosclerotic ossicular chain fixations. Preoperative elucidation of the cause of a conductive @entity1 may suggest optional medical treatment in preference to surgical methods.

title: Antimeasles immunoglobulin g for serologic diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared the effectiveness and harms of fingolimod (Gilenya   ) to other disease-modifying drugs in the treatment of @entity2 . DATA SOURCES: We searched Ovid MEDLINE(  ) and the Cochrane Library and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects through November 2010. For additional data we also hand searched reference lists, US Food and Drug Administration medical and statistical reviews, and dossiers submitted by pharmaceutical companies. REVIEW METHODS: Study selection, data abstraction, validity assessment, grading the strength of the evidence, and data synthesis were all carried out according to standard Drug Effectiveness Review Project review methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with relapsing-remitting @entity2 , fingolimod 0.5 mg and 1.25 mg once daily was superior to interferon beta-1a in improving relapse-related outcomes, including annualized relapse rates and proportion without relapse, over a 1 year period. Progression of disability was not different between the treatments at 12 months. The higher dose (1.25 mg once daily) of fingolimod resulted in higher numbers and more severe adverse events, including herpes @entity4 and symptomatic @entity7 after the first dose, as well as more @entity0 discontinuing treatment. Differences in adverse events between 0.5 mg @entity9 (the dose approved by the US Food and Drug Administration) and interferon beta-1a were limited to more @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity5 , and flu-like symptoms with interferon, and more @entity0 with elevated liver enzymes with fingolimod. While the absolute event rates were low, ongoing concerns with the safety of fingolimod included the risk of @entity6 , the effect of lung function, @entity1 , and serious @entity8 . Further studies are underway to better determine the risk with fingolimod.

title: Drug Class Review: Disease-Modifying Drugs for @entity2 : Single Drug Addendum: XXXX : Final Original Report

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: We compared the effectiveness and harms of fingolimod (Gilenya   ) to other disease-modifying drugs in the treatment of @entity2 . DATA SOURCES: We searched Ovid MEDLINE(  ) and the Cochrane Library and the Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects through November 2010. For additional data we also hand searched reference lists, US Food and Drug Administration medical and statistical reviews, and dossiers submitted by pharmaceutical companies. REVIEW METHODS: Study selection, data abstraction, validity assessment, grading the strength of the evidence, and data synthesis were all carried out according to standard Drug Effectiveness Review Project review methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with relapsing-remitting @entity2 , fingolimod 0.5 mg and 1.25 mg once daily was superior to interferon beta-1a in improving relapse-related outcomes, including annualized relapse rates and proportion without relapse, over a 1 year period. Progression of disability was not different between the treatments at 12 months. The higher dose (1.25 mg once daily) of fingolimod resulted in higher numbers and more severe adverse events, including herpes @entity4 and symptomatic @entity7 after the first dose, as well as more @entity0 discontinuing treatment. Differences in adverse events between 0.5 mg @entity9 (the dose approved by the US Food and Drug Administration) and interferon beta-1a were limited to more @entity0 with @entity3 , @entity5 , and flu-like symptoms with interferon, and more @entity0 with elevated liver enzymes with fingolimod. While the absolute event rates were low, ongoing concerns with the safety of fingolimod included the risk of @entity6 , the effect of lung function, @entity1 , and serious @entity8 . Further studies are underway to better determine the risk with fingolimod.

title: Drug Class Review: Disease-Modifying Drugs for XXXX : Single Drug Addendum: @entity9 : Final Original Report

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Anticipation (ie, an earlier age at onset in successive generations) is linked to repeat expansion in @entity3 , whereas its role in @entity5 is unclear. We assessed anticipation in @entity4 ( @entity2 [ @entity2 ]), in which DNA mismatch repair (MMR) defects cause early and accelerated @entity1 development with a broad @entity1 spectrum. @entity0 AND METHODS: In the population-based Danish @entity2 registry, 407 MMR gene mutation carriers who had developed @entity1 associated with @entity4 , were identified. These individuals formed 290 parent- @entity0 pairs in which age at the first @entity1 diagnosis was assessed. A paired t-test and a specifically developed bivariate model were used to assess a possible role of anticipation. RESULTS: Both methods revealed anticipation with @entity0 developing @entity1 mean 9.8 years (P < .001) earlier than parents using the paired t-test and 5.5 years (P < .001) earlier using the bivariate model. Birth cohort effects were excluded since anticipation with 7.2 years earlier age at onset was identified also in the oldest cohort, in which the @entity0 were observed until they were older than 80 years. The effect remained when @entity1 diagnosed at surveillance were excluded, applied to maternal as well as paternal inheritance, and was independent of the MMR gene mutated. CONCLUSION: The effect from anticipation demonstrated in this large, population-based @entity4 cohort underscores the need to initiate surveillance programs at young age. It should also stimulate research into the genetic mechanisms that determine age at onset and whether the genetic instability that characterizes @entity4 can be linked to anticipation.

title: Role for genetic anticipation in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Traditional medical treatment of @entity5 has remained unchanged for many years. It has been based on @entity1 supplementation and mechanical ventilatory support as well as the administration of @entity7 , diuretics, @entity9 and inotropic agents. In 2005 the European Society of Cardiology published new guidelines on diagnosis and treatment. Also, new therapies have been introduced recently, giving rise to changes in therapeutic concepts. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The article is based on these new guidelines and recent studies selected from the literature. RESULTS: Mechanical ventilatory support reduces the number of @entity0 who require endotracheal intubation. @entity9 in higher dosages than employed today appear to be beneficial to @entity0 with @entity6 , probably because of the pronounced afterload reducing effect. Nesiritide has shown better haemodynamic effects than common @entity8 dosages in @entity0 with @entity5 . @entity12 was tested in the biggest trial ever which, however, was terminated prematurely, because of futility with regard to the endpoints dyspnoea and @entity2 . @entity3 and @entity11 are associated with increased mortality in @entity0 with pronounced chronic and acute @entity5 . Levosimendan has shown lower mortality compared to @entity3 in @entity0 with acute @entity5 . INTERPRETATION: New concepts have finally emerged, including the application of old drugs such as @entity9 in new (i.e., higher) dosages, as well as the novel compound @entity10 , and hypoperfused organs without severe @entity4 . The new European Society of Cardiology classification provides a valuable and long-awaited guideline to diagnosis and treatment.

title: [Medical and ventilatory treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study presents data on the prevalence and incidence of @entity1 in Norway based on the new Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used data from the NorPD (2004-June 2005) and the official wholesales statistics (2000-2004). The number of @entity0 with at least one prescription for drugs used in @entity1 was recorded, together with gender and age distribution among the users. RESULTS: The one-year prevalence in 2004 of drug-treated @entity1 was 2.6% for @entity0 and 2.2% for @entity0 . 9% of @entity0 in the 70-79 year age-group received antidiabetic drugs. 46 000 @entity0 were recorded with at least one prescription on insulin, while 79,000 @entity0 collected at least one prescription on tablets. The one-year prevalence of insulin users in the age-group younger than 15 years was estimated to 2.0 per 1000. The incidence rate, calculated from data from the first half of 2005, was 35 per 100,000 @entity0 -years. INTERPRETATION: The NorPD represents a new data source which offers good estimates for the number of @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 who receive antidiabetic drugs outside hospitals or nursing homes. The 2004 prevalence was in accordance with previous surveys, while the incidence rate of type 1 @entity1 in @entity0 younger than 15 years was higher than previously shown.

title: [How many and who are receiving medication for XXXX ?].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a threshold exists for cardiovascular risk in @entity5 2 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity4 , the association between renal function and cardiovascular risk was examined across the entire physiological range of serum @entity10 . DESIGN AND METHODS: The RENAAL and LIFE studies enrolled 1513 and 1195 @entity0 with @entity5 2 @entity1 and @entity4 , respectively. The relationship between baseline serum @entity10 and the risk for a composite outcome of @entity8 , @entity2 or @entity3 was examined using Cox regression models. To adjust for heterogeneity between studies and treatment groups, these factors were included as strata when applicable. The analyses were conducted with adjustment for age, gender, smoking, @entity7 use, blood pressure, heart rate, total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity6 , hemoglobin, @entity9 and prior @entity3 . RESULTS: The hazard ratios across the baseline serum @entity10 categories < 0.9 mg/dl, 0.9-1.2 mg/dl, 1.2-1.6 mg/dl, 1.6-2.8 mg/dl and >or= 2.8 mg/dl were 0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.34, 0.74), 0.74 (0.55, 1.00), 1.00 (reference), 1.24 (0.96, 1.59) and 1.67 (1.17, 2.91), respectively. Baseline serum @entity10 (per mg/dl) strongly predicted the composite cardiovascular endpoint in LIFE [2.82(1.74,4.56), P < 0.001], RENAAL [1.41(1.12,1.79), P < 0.001], as well as the combined studies [1.51(1.21,1.87), P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: A progressively higher risk for the composite cardiovascular endpoint was observed with incremental baseline serum @entity10 in @entity5 2 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity4 , even within the normal range. Thus, there appears to be no serum @entity10 threshold level for an increased cardiovascular risk. Baseline serum @entity10 was a major independent risk factor for @entity3 (www.ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00308347).

title: Renal function and risk for cardiovascular events in @entity5 2 @entity1 @entity0 with XXXX : the RENAAL and LIFE studies.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a threshold exists for cardiovascular risk in @entity5 2 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity4 , the association between renal function and cardiovascular risk was examined across the entire physiological range of serum @entity10 . DESIGN AND METHODS: The RENAAL and LIFE studies enrolled 1513 and 1195 @entity0 with @entity5 2 @entity1 and @entity4 , respectively. The relationship between baseline serum @entity10 and the risk for a composite outcome of @entity8 , @entity2 or @entity3 was examined using Cox regression models. To adjust for heterogeneity between studies and treatment groups, these factors were included as strata when applicable. The analyses were conducted with adjustment for age, gender, smoking, @entity7 use, blood pressure, heart rate, total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity6 , hemoglobin, @entity9 and prior @entity3 . RESULTS: The hazard ratios across the baseline serum @entity10 categories < 0.9 mg/dl, 0.9-1.2 mg/dl, 1.2-1.6 mg/dl, 1.6-2.8 mg/dl and >or= 2.8 mg/dl were 0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.34, 0.74), 0.74 (0.55, 1.00), 1.00 (reference), 1.24 (0.96, 1.59) and 1.67 (1.17, 2.91), respectively. Baseline serum @entity10 (per mg/dl) strongly predicted the composite cardiovascular endpoint in LIFE [2.82(1.74,4.56), P < 0.001], RENAAL [1.41(1.12,1.79), P < 0.001], as well as the combined studies [1.51(1.21,1.87), P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: A progressively higher risk for the composite cardiovascular endpoint was observed with incremental baseline serum @entity10 in @entity5 2 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity4 , even within the normal range. Thus, there appears to be no serum @entity10 threshold level for an increased cardiovascular risk. Baseline serum @entity10 was a major independent risk factor for @entity3 (www.ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00308347).

title: Renal function and risk for cardiovascular events in @entity5 2 XXXX @entity0 with @entity4 : the RENAAL and LIFE studies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a threshold exists for cardiovascular risk in @entity5 2 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity4 , the association between renal function and cardiovascular risk was examined across the entire physiological range of serum @entity10 . DESIGN AND METHODS: The RENAAL and LIFE studies enrolled 1513 and 1195 @entity0 with @entity5 2 @entity1 and @entity4 , respectively. The relationship between baseline serum @entity10 and the risk for a composite outcome of @entity8 , @entity2 or @entity3 was examined using Cox regression models. To adjust for heterogeneity between studies and treatment groups, these factors were included as strata when applicable. The analyses were conducted with adjustment for age, gender, smoking, @entity7 use, blood pressure, heart rate, total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity6 , hemoglobin, @entity9 and prior @entity3 . RESULTS: The hazard ratios across the baseline serum @entity10 categories < 0.9 mg/dl, 0.9-1.2 mg/dl, 1.2-1.6 mg/dl, 1.6-2.8 mg/dl and >or= 2.8 mg/dl were 0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.34, 0.74), 0.74 (0.55, 1.00), 1.00 (reference), 1.24 (0.96, 1.59) and 1.67 (1.17, 2.91), respectively. Baseline serum @entity10 (per mg/dl) strongly predicted the composite cardiovascular endpoint in LIFE [2.82(1.74,4.56), P < 0.001], RENAAL [1.41(1.12,1.79), P < 0.001], as well as the combined studies [1.51(1.21,1.87), P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: A progressively higher risk for the composite cardiovascular endpoint was observed with incremental baseline serum @entity10 in @entity5 2 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity4 , even within the normal range. Thus, there appears to be no serum @entity10 threshold level for an increased cardiovascular risk. Baseline serum @entity10 was a major independent risk factor for @entity3 (www.ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00308347).

title: Renal function and risk for cardiovascular events in XXXX 2 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity4 : the RENAAL and LIFE studies.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a threshold exists for cardiovascular risk in @entity5 2 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity4 , the association between renal function and cardiovascular risk was examined across the entire physiological range of serum @entity10 . DESIGN AND METHODS: The RENAAL and LIFE studies enrolled 1513 and 1195 @entity0 with @entity5 2 @entity1 and @entity4 , respectively. The relationship between baseline serum @entity10 and the risk for a composite outcome of @entity8 , @entity2 or @entity3 was examined using Cox regression models. To adjust for heterogeneity between studies and treatment groups, these factors were included as strata when applicable. The analyses were conducted with adjustment for age, gender, smoking, @entity7 use, blood pressure, heart rate, total and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity6 , hemoglobin, @entity9 and prior @entity3 . RESULTS: The hazard ratios across the baseline serum @entity10 categories < 0.9 mg/dl, 0.9-1.2 mg/dl, 1.2-1.6 mg/dl, 1.6-2.8 mg/dl and >or= 2.8 mg/dl were 0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.34, 0.74), 0.74 (0.55, 1.00), 1.00 (reference), 1.24 (0.96, 1.59) and 1.67 (1.17, 2.91), respectively. Baseline serum @entity10 (per mg/dl) strongly predicted the composite cardiovascular endpoint in LIFE [2.82(1.74,4.56), P < 0.001], RENAAL [1.41(1.12,1.79), P < 0.001], as well as the combined studies [1.51(1.21,1.87), P < 0.001]. CONCLUSION: A progressively higher risk for the composite cardiovascular endpoint was observed with incremental baseline serum @entity10 in @entity5 2 @entity1 @entity0 with @entity4 , even within the normal range. Thus, there appears to be no serum @entity10 threshold level for an increased cardiovascular risk. Baseline serum @entity10 was a major independent risk factor for @entity3 (www.ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT00308347).

title: Renal function and risk for cardiovascular events in @entity5 2 @entity1 XXXX with @entity4 : the RENAAL and LIFE studies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effects of @entity2 (BBR) on the pharmacokinetics of @entity3 ( @entity0 ) were examined in healthy volunteers. Six healthy male volunteers were orally treated with 0.3 g BBR, twice daily for 10 days. Pharmacokinetic investigations on @entity0 at 6 mg/kg were done both before and at the end of the BBR treatment period. Another six healthy male volunteers were involved in the pharmacokinetic study with 3 mg @entity0 /kg, in which the subjects orally received the second single dose of 3 mg @entity0 /kg, followed by a single oral dose of 0.3 g BBR. The blood @entity0 concentrations were determined by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. In the pharmacokinetic study with 6 mg @entity0 /kg, BBR caused no significant changes in the pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity0 . However, in the trial with 3 mg @entity0 /kg, the average percentage increase in area under the blood concentration-time curve of @entity0 was 19.2% (P < 0.05) and the mean C12 increased to 123 microg/l from 104 microg/l (P < 0.05), without altering elimination half-life (t(1/2)), maximum blood drug concentration (Cmax), time to Cmax (tmax), apparent oral clearance (CL/F). The present results suggest that BBR can increase the oral bioavailability of @entity0 at the dosage of 3 mg/kg. The BBR-mediated increase in @entity0 bioavailability may be partly attributed to a decrease in liver and/or intestinal metabolism through the inhibition of @entity1 in the liver and/or gut wall. The BBR-induced increase in emptying time of stomach and small intestine might be another reason for the increase in @entity0 bioavailability. However, the speculation should be proved by further investigation.

title: The effects of XXXX on the pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin A in healthy volunteers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examine the pediatric @entity1 ( @entity1 ) population and their clinical course in pediatric versus general @entity2 and identify potential factors contributing to differences in performance metrics between the 2 @entity1 settings. METHODS: This was a retrospective analysis of pediatric visits to nationally representative @entity2 participating in the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey from 1995 to 2002. Differences between pediatric and general @entity2 were examined in terms of @entity0 characteristics and clinical course. RESULTS: Pediatric @entity2 treated more @entity0 with medical problems than general @entity2 , which treated more @entity0 with injuries. Visits by @entity0 to pediatric @entity2 were associated with longer wait times to see a physician (median, 40 vs. 25 minutes; P < 0.001) and longer stays in the @entity1 (median, 130 vs. 98 minutes; P = 0.006). In multivariate analysis, the type of @entity1 treating a pediatric @entity0 was a significant determinant of wait time (percent change for pediatric @entity2 , 23.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.4-46.6), length of stay (percent change for pediatric @entity2 , 23.0; 95% CI, 5.1-43.9), and rate of discharge (odds ratio for pediatric @entity2 , 0.75; 95% CI 0.61-0.92). @entity0 in pediatric @entity2 seemed to be sicker than those in general @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: These data provide the first glimpse of health care delivery to @entity0 seen in @entity2 nationally. Our findings indicate that significant differences exist between pediatric visits to pediatric and general @entity2 . These findings may be useful in establishing performance metrics for the care of ill and injured @entity0 in both pediatric and general @entity2 .

title: Emergency care for XXXX in pediatric and general emergency departments.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We aimed to investigate the questionable effect of linear polarized polychromatic light on burn wound healing in @entity1 . Two @entity2 on the backside of each of 21 @entity1 were created with a standard burning procedure by applying a heated plaque. Burned regions located right dorsolaterally and classified as group I lesions were treated with linear polarized polychromatic light + open dressing + antibacterial pomade, whereas group II lesions were located left dorsolaterally and treated with only open dressing + antibacterial pomade. Macroscopic evaluation was performed for determination of the completed wound closure rate, measurement of burn wound area, and investigation of macroscopic @entity0 , @entity3 , and epithelialization. Histopathological evaluation included monitoring of epithelialization, vascularization, origination of granulation tissue, inflammatory cell response, and total histopathological score on days 7, 14, and 21 after burn creation. Macroscopic evaluation revealed more obvious epithelialization in group I lesions between days 6 and 15. The number of completely closed wounds was higher in group I than in group II on days 16 and 21. The average area of burn wounds was lower from day 5, @entity3 was less on days 2 to 17, and @entity0 was less from day 4 to day 13 in group I lesions. Histopathological evaluation revealed a higher rate of epithelialization on day 7 and higher vascularization occurrence on day 21 in group I lesions. Linear polarized polychromatic light seems to be effective in the treatment of burn wounds and in the promotion of healing. This may be related to linear polarized polychromatic light stimulation of epithelialization and vascularization.

title: The efficacy of linear polarized polychromatic light on burn wound healing: an experimental study on XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To translate into Brazilian-Portuguese, culturally adapt and validate the DLQI. @entity0 AND METHODS: The DLQI was translated into Brazilian-Portuguese and cultural adaptation was performed following the methodology proposed by Falc  o. Inter-observer reliability and validity were assessed. Seventy-one @entity0 with @entity1 with cutaneous lesions selected from the outpatient dermatology clinic had their quality of life assessed by DLQI and SF-36. The validity of the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the DLQI was evaluated by the correlation of DLQI scores with SF-36 component scores and other outcome measures. RESULTS: In the translation and cultural adaptation process the basic structure of DLQI was kept. Very few questions have very slightly modifications. Of the 71 @entity0 , 83% were @entity0 and the median (SD) age was 38 (12) years. The @entity0 had a mean (SD) disease duration of 8(6) years. There were 46 @entity0 with active cutaneous lesions and 37 @entity0 with @entity2 . The DLQI inter-observer reliability coefficient was 0.96 (p<0.001). The DLQI mean (SD) score was 6.5 (5.6) and most of the SF-36 domains were between 60 and 70. The domains that had the lowest scores were 'general health' (62) and 'mental health' (62). The Pearson correlation coefficient between DLQI and each SF-36 component score were highly statistically significant (p<0.001), despite of being only moderate. As expected there was no correlation between DLQI or each one of the SF-36 components and age, disease duration or number of ACR criteria. @entity0 with active cutaneous lesions presented statistically significant lower scores of DLQI and SF-36 when compared to @entity0 without active cutaneous lesions. @entity0 with @entity2 presented a statistically significant lower score in DLQI when compared to @entity0 without @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the Brazilian-Portuguese version of the DLQI is a reliable and valid outcome measure to be used in LE clinical studies.

title: The impact of XXXX cutaneous on the Quality of life: the Brazilian-Portuguese version of DLQI.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a new technique for deep lateral (single) wall orbital decompression surgery, developed by Mr. Geoffrey Rose, for @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity4 and to analyse the results achieved in our series. METHODS: The study is an interventional, retrospective, non-comparative case series. Twenty-one eyes of seventeen @entity0 underwent the described technique of deep lateral wall orbital decompression for @entity4 . All @entity0 had controlled thyroid functions and underwent surgery for cosmetic rehabilitation, with analysis of the @entity1 . The surgery involved removing the lateral orbital wall whilst preserving the lateral rim, the lateral wall being approached through a horizontal skin incision placed lateral to the lateral canthus. After reflecting the periosteum, most of the bone (deep lateral wall) between the skull base and inferior orbital fissure is removed. RESULTS: A mean reduction in @entity5 of 4.81 mm    1.23 (SD) (p < 0.0001) with a median of 5.0 mm (range 3-7 mm) was achieved and the best-corrected visual acuity was maintained in all @entity0 . There were no complications during surgery, and post-operative complications included worsening of pre-existing @entity2 in one @entity0 (6%) and transient cheek/temple numbness seen in three @entity0 (18%). CONCLUSIONS: This technique of deep lateral wall orbital decompression developed by Mr. Rose is a safe and effective procedure for @entity0 with mild to moderate @entity5 . It carries a low risk of morbidity and avoids complications associated with decompressing the floor and medial wall, including new @entity3 .

title: Outcome of deep lateral wall rim-sparing orbital decompression in XXXX : a new technique and results of a case series.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Sigmoidoscopy is performed more frequently than colonoscopy, especially for screening purposes and searching for @entity2 . The necessity of colonoscopy in @entity0 with an @entity3 of<or=5 mm found on sigmoidoscopy is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the size of rectosigmoid @entity3 is associated with the risk of @entity1 in the proximal colon and to determine whether there is indication for total colonoscopy. METHODS: @entity0 found to have rectosigmoid @entity6 on colonoscopy were included in the study. These @entity3 were grouped as diminutive (<or=5 mm), small (6-10 mm) or large (>or=11 mm) @entity4 . These groups were compared regarding the presence of proximal @entity3 and advanced proximal @entity1 (>10 mm @entity3 and/or villous histology and/or high grade @entity5 or @entity1 ). @entity4 found in the rectum and sigmoid colon were considered as distal @entity4 and @entity4 other than these were considered as proximal @entity4 . RESULTS: In this study, of 1124 consecutive @entity0 who underwent colonoscopy between April 1997 and January 2002, 184 (16%) had 258 @entity6 in the rectosigmoid area. The @entity4 were diminutive (<or=5 mm) in 105, small (6-10 mm) in 46 and large (>or=11 mm) in 33 @entity0 . Forty-one of the @entity0 (39%) with diminutive @entity4 , 20 of the @entity0 (43%) with small @entity4 and 19 of the @entity0 (57%) with large @entity4 had @entity1 in the proximal bowel. In these @entity0 , advanced proximal @entity1 was found in 8 (8%), in 6 (13%) and in 11 (33%), respectively. There was no difference regarding the presence of @entity1 in the proximal colon between these groups. The rate of advanced proximal @entity1 was found to be significantly higher in the group with large @entity4 in the rectosigmoid area than in the groups with small and diminutive @entity4 (p<0.05). In 104 @entity0 (57%) with @entity4 (s) in rectum and sigmoid colon, no associated @entity4 or @entity1 was encountered in the proximal colon. CONCLUSION: Colonoscopy is indicated when @entity6 , regardless of size, is found on rectosigmoidoscopy performed because of symptoms.

title: Predictive value of morphologic characteristics in rectosigmoid XXXX in the proximal colon.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are not well recognized in clinical practice, either in primary or in secondary care, and are frequently missed during routine consultations. There is no single instrument (questionnaire or scale) that enables a comprehensive assessment of the range of @entity4 in @entity2 both for the identification of problems and for the measurement of outcome. Against this background, a multidisciplinary group of experts, including @entity0 group representatives, has developed an @entity4 screening questionnaire comprising 30 items. This instrument does not provide an overall score of disability and is not a graded or rating instrument. Instead, it is a screening tool designed to draw attention to the presence of @entity4 and initiate further investigation. In this article, we present the results from an international pilot study assessing feasibility, validity, and acceptability of a nonmotor questionnaire (NMSQuest). Data from 123 @entity2 @entity0 and 96 controls were analyzed. @entity4 were highly significantly more prevalent in @entity2 compared to controls ( @entity2 , median = 9.0, mean = 9.5 vs. control @entity4 , median = 5.5, mean = 4.0; Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, and t test, P < 0.0001), with @entity2 @entity0 reporting at least 10 different @entity4 on average per @entity0 . In @entity2 , @entity4 were highly significantly more prevalent across all disease stages and the number of symptoms correlated significantly with @entity1 . Furthermore, frequently, problems such as @entity3 , dribbling, apathy, blues, taste and smell problems were never previously disclosed to the health professionals.

title: International multicenter pilot study of the first comprehensive self-completed nonmotor symptoms questionnaire for XXXX : the NMSQuest study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The oocyte plays a key role in reprogramming the epigenetic status of donor cell nuclei, and the absence of reprogramming elements in the cytoplasm or aberrant accumulation of proteins can trigger the abnormal development of nuclear transfer (NT) embryos. Previous studies have demonstrated the relationship between oocyte morphology and both embryo development and pregnancy outcome. In the present study, we compared the morphology of oocytes with subsequent development of @entity0 @entity1 ( @entity1 ) embryos. METHODS: Piezo-assisted @entity1 technology was used to produce reconstructed embryos, with almost 92% of oocytes reconstructed successfully. Depending on their morphologies, we separated metaphase II oocytes into four grades according to criteria which assess oocyte morphology, first polar body and perivitelline space, and especially, cytoplasm granula distribution. RESULTS: Embryos from oocytes of Grades A and B could develop to the blastocyst stage with similar development efficiency for every developmental stage. However, embryos from Grade C oocytes arrested at or before the 8-cell stage then degraded, and the donor cell genome could not be activated and reprogrammed in such oocytes. For Grade D oocytes, cleavage was not observed in the reconstructed embryos, suggesting that the oocytes themselves have no developmental potential. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that different levels of developmental competence of @entity1 embryos resulting from different oocyte reprogramming potentials associated with different morphologies. The results suggest that effective methods for improving oocyte quality should be studied, and that @entity0 @entity1 efficiency would be increased following simple assessment of established oocyte morphology criterion.

title: Assessment of the developmental competence of XXXX somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos by oocyte morphology classification.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) have become the leading cause of @entity2 in China. This article analyzed the trends in all crashes, @entity1 , and fatalities from road traffic crashes from 1951 to 2008 and compared the crash frequency, crash severity, and crash patterns by provinces, types of road, and injured road users. METHODS: Road traffic crash data were obtained from the Bureau of Traffic Management at the Ministry of Public Security and National Bureau of Statistics of China. Descriptive statistical analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Over the past 5 decades, road traffic injuries have increased substantially in China. From 1951 to 2008, the total number of road traffic crashes, @entity1 , and fatalities increased by 43-fold, 58-fold, and 85-fold, respectively. Linear regression suggested a significant decline of 30.1 percent (95% confidence interval [CI]: 24.8-35.3) in the mortality rate per 100,000 @entity0 during the period 2002 to 2008. From 2004 to 2008, road traffic crash mortality rate per 100,000 @entity0 varied greatly in China from the lowest of 3.0 in Henan in 2008 to the highest of 21.7 in Xizang in 2004. RTIs in China disproportionally affected the following populations: males, @entity0 21 to 50 years of age, pedestrians, and motorcyclists/bicyclists. Adults aged more than 65 years accounted for approximately 10 percent of total road traffic deaths. Road types and RTIs severity were closely related; highways were associated with greater mortality rates. CONCLUSION: Road traffic injuries have become a burgeoning public health problem in China. Programs need to be developed to prevent @entity1 and fatalities caused by road traffic crashes in this emerging country.

title: Road traffic injuries in the XXXX 's Republic of China, 1951-2008.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Transient @entity2 ( @entity3 ) is a recently recognised form of @entity2 of which the principle manifestation is recurrent, transient episodes of isolated @entity6 . In addition to the @entity7 episodes, many @entity0 describe significant interictal memory difficulties. Performance on standard neuropsychological tests is often normal. However, two unusual forms of @entity6 have recently been demonstrated in @entity3 : (i) @entity4 ( @entity4 ): the excessively rapid loss of newly acquired memories over a period of days or weeks and (ii) remote autobiographical @entity6 : a loss of memories for salient, personally experienced events of the past few decades. The neuroanatomical bases of @entity3 and its associated @entity6 are unknown. In this study, we first assessed the relationship between subjective and objective memory performance in 41 @entity0 with @entity3 . We then analysed MRI data from these @entity0 and 20 matched healthy controls, using manual volumetry and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to correlate regional brain volumes with clinical and neuropsychological data. Subjective memory estimates were unrelated to performance on standard neuropsychological tests but were partially predicted by mood, @entity4 and remote autobiographical memory. Manual volumetry identified subtle hippocampal volume loss in the @entity0 group. Both manual volumetry and VBM revealed correlations between medial temporal lobe @entity1 and standard anterograde memory scores, but no relation between @entity1 and @entity4 or remote autobiographical memory. These results add weight to the hypothesis that @entity3 is a syndrome of mesial @entity5 . Furthermore, they suggest that although standard anterograde memory test performance is related to the degree of mesial temporal lobe damage, this is not true for @entity4 and autobiographical @entity7 . It is possible that these unusual @entity6 have a more diffuse physiological basis rather than being a consequence of discrete structural damage.

title: Transient @entity2 : regional brain atrophy and its relationship to XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Transient @entity2 ( @entity3 ) is a recently recognised form of @entity2 of which the principle manifestation is recurrent, transient episodes of isolated @entity6 . In addition to the @entity7 episodes, many @entity0 describe significant interictal memory difficulties. Performance on standard neuropsychological tests is often normal. However, two unusual forms of @entity6 have recently been demonstrated in @entity3 : (i) @entity4 ( @entity4 ): the excessively rapid loss of newly acquired memories over a period of days or weeks and (ii) remote autobiographical @entity6 : a loss of memories for salient, personally experienced events of the past few decades. The neuroanatomical bases of @entity3 and its associated @entity6 are unknown. In this study, we first assessed the relationship between subjective and objective memory performance in 41 @entity0 with @entity3 . We then analysed MRI data from these @entity0 and 20 matched healthy controls, using manual volumetry and voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to correlate regional brain volumes with clinical and neuropsychological data. Subjective memory estimates were unrelated to performance on standard neuropsychological tests but were partially predicted by mood, @entity4 and remote autobiographical memory. Manual volumetry identified subtle hippocampal volume loss in the @entity0 group. Both manual volumetry and VBM revealed correlations between medial temporal lobe @entity1 and standard anterograde memory scores, but no relation between @entity1 and @entity4 or remote autobiographical memory. These results add weight to the hypothesis that @entity3 is a syndrome of mesial @entity5 . Furthermore, they suggest that although standard anterograde memory test performance is related to the degree of mesial temporal lobe damage, this is not true for @entity4 and autobiographical @entity7 . It is possible that these unusual @entity6 have a more diffuse physiological basis rather than being a consequence of discrete structural damage.

title: Transient XXXX : regional brain atrophy and its relationship to @entity6 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4 -based chemotherapy response assay ( @entity4 - @entity8 ) is a well-documented and validated technology that can individualize chemotherapy for @entity1 with lung, stomach, or @entity0 . This study explored the feasibility of @entity4 - @entity8 as a chemosensitivity test in @entity1 with @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 118 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection for @entity2 were analyzed for chemosensitivity to 6 anticancer drugs using @entity4 - @entity8 . We calculated the cell death rate (CDR) by measuring intracellular @entity4 levels of drug-exposed cells and untreated controls. RESULTS: Interpretable results were available for 85.5% (118/138) of @entity1 . The mean coefficient of variation for triplicate @entity4 measurements was 9.2%. The highest CDR was observed in @entity7 (34.0%) and the lowest CDR in etoposide (21.0%). @entity5 had the broadest range of CDR (0-86.7%) and @entity6 had the narrowest range of CDR (0-56.8%). The overall highest responsiveness was seen most prevalently in @entity7 (24.7%, 23/93 @entity1 ). @entity7 had the greatest responsiveness in @entity1 with well differentiated and moderately differentiated @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that @entity4 - @entity8 could be used to identify @entity1 with @entity2 who might benefit from treatment with a specific chemotherapeutic agent.

title: Heterogeneity of @entity4 -based chemotherapy response assay in XXXX --secondary publication.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4 -based chemotherapy response assay ( @entity4 - @entity8 ) is a well-documented and validated technology that can individualize chemotherapy for @entity1 with lung, stomach, or @entity0 . This study explored the feasibility of @entity4 - @entity8 as a chemosensitivity test in @entity1 with @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 118 @entity1 who underwent surgical resection for @entity2 were analyzed for chemosensitivity to 6 anticancer drugs using @entity4 - @entity8 . We calculated the cell death rate (CDR) by measuring intracellular @entity4 levels of drug-exposed cells and untreated controls. RESULTS: Interpretable results were available for 85.5% (118/138) of @entity1 . The mean coefficient of variation for triplicate @entity4 measurements was 9.2%. The highest CDR was observed in @entity7 (34.0%) and the lowest CDR in etoposide (21.0%). @entity5 had the broadest range of CDR (0-86.7%) and @entity6 had the narrowest range of CDR (0-56.8%). The overall highest responsiveness was seen most prevalently in @entity7 (24.7%, 23/93 @entity1 ). @entity7 had the greatest responsiveness in @entity1 with well differentiated and moderately differentiated @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that @entity4 - @entity8 could be used to identify @entity1 with @entity2 who might benefit from treatment with a specific chemotherapeutic agent.

title: Heterogeneity of XXXX -based chemotherapy response assay in @entity2 --secondary publication.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of a strategy to prevent @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity0 undergoing general surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study. METHODS: A first period was observational. During a second period, a strategy to prevent @entity2 was based on five @entity3 ( @entity3 ) identified after the first phase. From two @entity3 , antiemetic treatment was given according to the number of @entity3 . The incidence of @entity2 was recorded in postoperative anaesthesic care unit (PACU) and at the 24th postoperative hour (24h). RESULTS: We prospectively enrolled 823 @entity0 . Implementation of a prophylactic @entity2 strategy was associated with a decrease of @entity1 in PACU from 29.9 to 9.8% (P<0.001) and at 24h from 19 to 10.3% (P<0.001). Vomiting decreased from 12.4 to 2.3% (P<0.001) in PACU and from 5.6 to 3.7% at 24h (non-significant). CONCLUSION: Prophylaxis of @entity2 by the administration of antiemetic treatment according to a strategy based on a local risk score was efficient and associated with a significant decrease of @entity2 .

title: Impact of a prophylactic strategy on the incidence of XXXX and vomiting after general surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the short- and long-term results of right extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) for @entity3 (MM) via median sternotomy or thoracotomy. METHODS: We analysed the results of EPP in consecutive @entity0 with early stage MM undergoing a radical surgery protocol for MM over a 7-year period. Initially thoracotomy, but later median sternotomy, was the incision of choice for @entity1 . The effects of the change of approach on perioperative course and survival were analysed. RESULTS: EPP was performed in 105 @entity0 (50 left thoracotomy, 22 right thoracotomy, 28 sternotomy, 5 combined sternotomy and right thoracotomy). Operation time was faster with median sternotomy than right thoracotomy (p=0.008). Right thoracotomy was associated with higher epidural infusion volume in the first 3 days than median sternotomy (p<0.001). There were fewer @entity2 in the sternotomy group (p=0.05). There were no differences in pathological stage, completeness of resection or duration of postoperative stay. Median survival following left thoracotomy, right thoracotomy and median sternotomy was 18.3, 8.5 and 17.7 months, respectively (p=0.02). Planned neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy was more common following median sternotomy than right thoracotomy (p=0.01). However, compared with the left thoracotomy and sternotomy groups, right EPP performed via thoracotomy was an independent predictor of poor prognosis (hazard ratio 2.3 (95% confidence intervals, CI 1.3-4.1), p=0.02). No wound complications or @entity1 recurrence have been observed following median sternotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Median sternotomy should be considered as an alternative approach to thoracotomy for right EPP.

title: Right extrapleural pneumonectomy for XXXX via median sternotomy or thoracotomy? Short- and long-term results.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Therapy with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is beneficial in @entity0 with @entity1 . However, in preschool @entity0 with symptoms like cough, wheeze, or @entity2 diagnosing @entity1 is difficult. Therefore, the role of @entity4 in the management of preschool @entity0 with recurrent @entity3 is unclear. We assessed the effectiveness of @entity4 in preschool @entity0 with recurrent @entity3 in general practice. METHODS: In this multicenter, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial, 96 @entity0 aged 1-5 years consulting their general practitioners for recurrent @entity3 and in whom treatment with @entity4 was considered by the general practitioner were randomly allocated to receive @entity4 ( @entity5 200 mcg/day by metered dose inhaler/spacer combination) or placebo for 6 months. Outcome assessments were carried out 1, 3, and 6 months after randomization. The primary outcome measure was the symptom score (cough, @entity2 and wheeze during day and night) as measured by a symptom diary card. Secondary endpoints were symptom-free days, use of rescue medication, adverse events, and lung function variables as measured by the interrupter technique and forced oscillation technique. RESULTS: During the 6 months treatment period, symptoms improved in both groups, with no differences between @entity4 and placebo. In addition, none of the secondary outcome parameters showed differences between both treatment groups. CONCLUSION: @entity4 treatment has no beneficial effect in preschool @entity0 with recurrent @entity3 in general practice. We therefore recommend a watchful waiting policy with only symptomatic treatment in these @entity0 . General practitioners and pediatricians should be aware of the high probability of overtreatment when prescribing @entity4 in these @entity0 .

title: Inhaled corticosteroids for recurrent XXXX in preschool @entity0 in general practice: randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Therapy with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is beneficial in @entity0 with @entity1 . However, in preschool @entity0 with symptoms like cough, wheeze, or @entity2 diagnosing @entity1 is difficult. Therefore, the role of @entity4 in the management of preschool @entity0 with recurrent @entity3 is unclear. We assessed the effectiveness of @entity4 in preschool @entity0 with recurrent @entity3 in general practice. METHODS: In this multicenter, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial, 96 @entity0 aged 1-5 years consulting their general practitioners for recurrent @entity3 and in whom treatment with @entity4 was considered by the general practitioner were randomly allocated to receive @entity4 ( @entity5 200 mcg/day by metered dose inhaler/spacer combination) or placebo for 6 months. Outcome assessments were carried out 1, 3, and 6 months after randomization. The primary outcome measure was the symptom score (cough, @entity2 and wheeze during day and night) as measured by a symptom diary card. Secondary endpoints were symptom-free days, use of rescue medication, adverse events, and lung function variables as measured by the interrupter technique and forced oscillation technique. RESULTS: During the 6 months treatment period, symptoms improved in both groups, with no differences between @entity4 and placebo. In addition, none of the secondary outcome parameters showed differences between both treatment groups. CONCLUSION: @entity4 treatment has no beneficial effect in preschool @entity0 with recurrent @entity3 in general practice. We therefore recommend a watchful waiting policy with only symptomatic treatment in these @entity0 . General practitioners and pediatricians should be aware of the high probability of overtreatment when prescribing @entity4 in these @entity0 .

title: Inhaled corticosteroids for recurrent @entity3 in preschool XXXX in general practice: randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether or not @entity1 volume (TV) has an impact on survival in @entity2 . METHODS: In a retrospective analysis of 385 cases with NSCLC who underwent curative surgery between 1994 and 2003, we calculated the @entity1 volume by using an ellipsoidal formula. The @entity0 were grouped according to TV as determined by histograms. Gender, age, histology, nodal involvement, size, and TV were analyzed. Multivariate analysis by Cox's proportional hazards regression model was performed to identify the prognosis. RESULTS: Cases of N0 showed a significantly lower TV than cases with other N statuses (p < 0.05). A significant difference was also observed between TV and histology or gender. The 189 @entity0 belonging to the small volume group (SVG) (range, 0.105 to 9.265 cm3) had a significantly better overall survival rate than the other 196 @entity0 in the large volume group (LVG) (9.266-366.522 cm3). With univariate analysis, gender, age, nodal involvement, size, and TV were significantly associated with prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that only gender (p = 0.0184) and nodal involvement (p = 0.0001) were significantly independent prognostic factors. The size factor was not significant (p = 0.5285). However, TV was not an independent factor, but trending toward significance (p = 0.0801). CONCLUSIONS: Although TV provides no independent prognostic information with multivariate analysis, TV in NSCLC should be considered using volumetric measurement with a three-dimensional CT approach prior to surgery or treatment planning.

title: The value of @entity1 volume in surgically resected XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether or not @entity1 volume (TV) has an impact on survival in @entity2 . METHODS: In a retrospective analysis of 385 cases with NSCLC who underwent curative surgery between 1994 and 2003, we calculated the @entity1 volume by using an ellipsoidal formula. The @entity0 were grouped according to TV as determined by histograms. Gender, age, histology, nodal involvement, size, and TV were analyzed. Multivariate analysis by Cox's proportional hazards regression model was performed to identify the prognosis. RESULTS: Cases of N0 showed a significantly lower TV than cases with other N statuses (p < 0.05). A significant difference was also observed between TV and histology or gender. The 189 @entity0 belonging to the small volume group (SVG) (range, 0.105 to 9.265 cm3) had a significantly better overall survival rate than the other 196 @entity0 in the large volume group (LVG) (9.266-366.522 cm3). With univariate analysis, gender, age, nodal involvement, size, and TV were significantly associated with prognosis. Multivariate analysis showed that only gender (p = 0.0184) and nodal involvement (p = 0.0001) were significantly independent prognostic factors. The size factor was not significant (p = 0.5285). However, TV was not an independent factor, but trending toward significance (p = 0.0801). CONCLUSIONS: Although TV provides no independent prognostic information with multivariate analysis, TV in NSCLC should be considered using volumetric measurement with a three-dimensional CT approach prior to surgery or treatment planning.

title: The value of XXXX volume in surgically resected @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Detection of micrometastatic disease is an interesting area in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). We conducted a study to determine whether the detection of mediastinal lymph node spread by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis offers some prognosis with respect to @entity0 ' disease-free survival or not. METHODS: Between 1997 and 2003, twenty-one early stage @entity1 @entity0 underwent complete resection with mediastinoscopy and systemic nodal dissection. Four hundred and twenty-six paraffin-embedded lymph node sections from 21 @entity0 were analyzed. Epithelial specific-antigen Ab-9 and Keratin-Pan Ab-1 were used as IHC marker. RESULTS: Based on nodal spread four of the 21 @entity0 (19.04%) were up-staged after IHC analysis. Two @entity0 with stage IB (T2N0) up-staged to stage IIIA (T2N2); two @entity0 staged as IIB (T2N1) up-staged to IIIA (T2N2). Statistical analysis showed that the lymphatic dissemination detected with IHC analysis was associated with reduced disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides some indication that @entity0 with lymphatic micrometastasis have a reduced DFS. Before creating a new TNM staging system, more information is needed to understand the prognostic impact of micrometastatic dissemination.

title: The impact of immunohistochemical detection of positive lymph nodes in early stage XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical course and management of @entity0 with a pathologic diagnosis of "healed" @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and to determine whether previously published histological descriptions of healed @entity4 can identify @entity0 with a greater likelihood of clinically significant @entity4 . METHODS: All temporal artery biopsy reports between 1994 and 2003 were examined for a diagnosis of "healed @entity4 ." Two rheumatologists abstracted the medical record for presenting features, physical findings, comorbid conditions, and data on treatment and outcomes. One pathologist, blinded to the clinical data, reviewed all specimens and reinterpreted the biopsies according to published histological descriptions of healed @entity4 . RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity0 with an initial pathologic diagnosis of healed @entity4 were identified. In 54% of these @entity0 , @entity2 therapy did not change after the diagnosis of healed @entity4 was documented in the pathology report. Seventy percent were ultimately treated with no corticosteroids or low-moderate @entity2 regimens. Only 32% of the initial cases were confirmed upon review of the biopsies using standardized histological criteria. @entity0 with confirmed healed @entity4 were more likely to have a documented history of @entity3 rheumatica/ @entity1 and a longer duration of @entity2 treatment before biopsy. These @entity0 were not more likely to have adverse outcomes. CONCLUSION: In this case series, the diagnosis of healed @entity4 had little effect on treatment decisions. In most cases, the initial pathologic diagnosis of healed @entity4 was not confirmed when biopsies were reviewed by a single pathologist using uniform histological criteria.

title: Clinical course and management of a consecutive series of @entity0 with "healed XXXX ".

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical course and management of @entity0 with a pathologic diagnosis of "healed" @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and to determine whether previously published histological descriptions of healed @entity4 can identify @entity0 with a greater likelihood of clinically significant @entity4 . METHODS: All temporal artery biopsy reports between 1994 and 2003 were examined for a diagnosis of "healed @entity4 ." Two rheumatologists abstracted the medical record for presenting features, physical findings, comorbid conditions, and data on treatment and outcomes. One pathologist, blinded to the clinical data, reviewed all specimens and reinterpreted the biopsies according to published histological descriptions of healed @entity4 . RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity0 with an initial pathologic diagnosis of healed @entity4 were identified. In 54% of these @entity0 , @entity2 therapy did not change after the diagnosis of healed @entity4 was documented in the pathology report. Seventy percent were ultimately treated with no corticosteroids or low-moderate @entity2 regimens. Only 32% of the initial cases were confirmed upon review of the biopsies using standardized histological criteria. @entity0 with confirmed healed @entity4 were more likely to have a documented history of @entity3 rheumatica/ @entity1 and a longer duration of @entity2 treatment before biopsy. These @entity0 were not more likely to have adverse outcomes. CONCLUSION: In this case series, the diagnosis of healed @entity4 had little effect on treatment decisions. In most cases, the initial pathologic diagnosis of healed @entity4 was not confirmed when biopsies were reviewed by a single pathologist using uniform histological criteria.

title: Clinical course and management of a consecutive series of XXXX with "healed @entity1 ".

answer: @entity0