abstract: AIM: Gastric vagal afferents are activated in response to mechanical stimulation, an effect attenuated by @entity1 (NPW) in 20-week-old female @entity0 . In this study we aimed to determine whether there were age and sex dependent effects of NPW on gastric vagal afferent mechanosensitivity. METHODS: An in vitro gastro-oesophageal preparation was used to determine the effect of NPW on gastric vagal afferent mechanosensitivity from 8 and 20-week-old male and female C57BL/6 @entity0 . Retrograde tracing and laser capture microdissection were used to selectively collect gastric vagal afferent cell bodies. Expression of NPW in the gastric mucosa and its receptor, @entity2 , in gastric vagal afferent cell bodies was determined using quantitative RT-PCR. RESULTS: NPW inhibited gastric tension sensitive vagal afferents from 20-week-old male and female @entity0 , but not 8-week-old @entity0 . In contrast, NPW inhibited the mechanosensitivity of gastric mucosal vagal afferents in 8-week-old male and female @entity0 , but not 20-week-old @entity0 . NPW mRNA expression in the gastric mucosa was higher in 20-week-old male @entity0 compared to 8-week-old male @entity0 . @entity2 mRNA expression in vagal afferent neurons innervating the gastric muscular layers was higher in 20-week-old @entity0 compared to 8-week-old @entity0 in both sexes. CONCLUSION: The inhibitory effect of NPW on gastric tension sensitive and mucosal vagal afferents is age but not sex-dependent. These findings suggest that the physiological role of NPW varies depending on the age of the @entity0 .

title: XXXX modulation of gastric vagal afferent mechanosensitivity: Impact of age and sex.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Evaluation and treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) suffer from lack of sensitive and easily repeatable markers of disease activity. We studied measurements of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T or troponin I (hs- @entity8 /I) taken at presentation and during treatment in 62 @entity0 with new-onset @entity2 (48 @entity0 , mean age 49 years). Hs- @entity8 was measured in 50 @entity0 and was elevated (>13 ng/L) at presentation in 26 of them (52%). Hs- @entity7 was measured in the remaining 12 @entity0 and was elevated (>0.04 ng/mL) in 7 of them (58%). Left ventricular ejection fraction averaged 43    14% in association with elevated hs- @entity8 /I (n = 33) versus 53    10% with normal hs- @entity8 /I (n = 29; p = 0.001). Hs- @entity8 /I was remeasured after 4 weeks of @entity3 therapy in 38 @entity0 and was normalized in 16 of the 24 (67%) with an elevated pretreatment concentration and remained normal in the rest of the 14 @entity0 (p <0.001). During follow-up (median, 17 months), @entity1 (n = 2), aborted @entity5 (n = 5), sustained @entity6 (n = 8), or new complete @entity4 (n = 1) was recorded in 11 of 33 @entity0 with elevated hs- @entity8 /I versus in 5 of 29 with normal hs- @entity8 /I (log-rank p = 0.068). Two-year event-free Kaplan-Meier cardiac survival estimate (95% confidence interval) was 67% (48% to 81%) with elevated hs- @entity8 /I versus 93% (76% to 99%) with normal hs- @entity8 /I. In @entity2 , circulating hs- @entity8 /I may help clinicians evaluate disease activity and treatment response. Their prognostic value remains tentative pending more follow-up data.

title: Usefulness of Cardiac Troponins as Markers of Early Treatment Response in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare endothelial microparticles values in eclamptic, preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 were selected among those who assisted to Obstetrics Emergency at Hospital Central "Dr. Urquinaona", Maracaibo, Venezuela. There were included 30 @entity0 with mild @entity3 (group A), 30 @entity0 with severe @entity3 (group B) and 30 @entity0 with @entity4 (group C). A control group was selected for having similar age and body mass index to studied groups and consisted in 35 healthy pregnant @entity0 (group D). There were included only nuliparous @entity0 . Blood samples were collected in all @entity0 before delivery and in studied groups immediately after diagnosis for endothelial microparticles determination. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in gestational age between groups B and C compared with controls (P<.05). Higher values of endothelial microparticles were observed in eclamptic @entity0 together with severe preeclamptic @entity0 . Lower values were found in mild preeclamptic @entity0 . Studied groups presented significant higher values of endothelial microparticles compared with controls (P<.05). When linear regression was performed, factors that significantly affected endothelial microparticles values were: @entity1 , 24-hour @entity2 , transaminases and platelet count (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this research showed that eclamptic and preeclamptic @entity0 had higher endothelial microparticles values than normotensive pregnant @entity0 .

title: [Endothelial microparticles in @entity3 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare endothelial microparticles values in eclamptic, preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 were selected among those who assisted to Obstetrics Emergency at Hospital Central "Dr. Urquinaona", Maracaibo, Venezuela. There were included 30 @entity0 with mild @entity3 (group A), 30 @entity0 with severe @entity3 (group B) and 30 @entity0 with @entity4 (group C). A control group was selected for having similar age and body mass index to studied groups and consisted in 35 healthy pregnant @entity0 (group D). There were included only nuliparous @entity0 . Blood samples were collected in all @entity0 before delivery and in studied groups immediately after diagnosis for endothelial microparticles determination. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in gestational age between groups B and C compared with controls (P<.05). Higher values of endothelial microparticles were observed in eclamptic @entity0 together with severe preeclamptic @entity0 . Lower values were found in mild preeclamptic @entity0 . Studied groups presented significant higher values of endothelial microparticles compared with controls (P<.05). When linear regression was performed, factors that significantly affected endothelial microparticles values were: @entity1 , 24-hour @entity2 , transaminases and platelet count (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this research showed that eclamptic and preeclamptic @entity0 had higher endothelial microparticles values than normotensive pregnant @entity0 .

title: [Endothelial microparticles in XXXX and @entity4 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The optimal hemodynamic management of @entity0 with early AKI is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the association between hemodynamic parameters in early AKI and progression to severe AKI and hospital mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity0 , _ MEASUREMENTS: This study retrospectively analyzed the data of all @entity0 admitted to the adult intensive care unit in a tertiary care center between July 2007 and June 2009 and identified those with stage 1 AKI (AKI I) per the AKI Network classification. In @entity0 in whom hemodynamic monitoring was performed within 12 hours of AKI I, hemodynamic parameters in the first 12 hours of AKI I and on the day of AKI III (if AKI III developed) or 72 hours after AKI I (if AKI III did not develop) were recorded. Risk factors for AKI III and mortality were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Among 790 @entity0 with AKI I, 210 (median age 70 years; 138 @entity0 ) had hemodynamic monitoring within 12 hours of AKI I; 85 @entity0 (41.5%) progressed to AKI III and 91 (43%) died in the hospital. AKI progressors had a significantly higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (8.0 versus 9.6; P<0.001), lower indexed systemic @entity1 delivery (DO2I) (median 325 versus 405 ml/min per m(2); P<0.001), higher central venous pressure (16 versus 13; P=0.02), and lower mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) (median 71 versus 74 mmHg; P=0.01) in the first 12 hours of AKI I compared with nonprogressors. Multivariate analysis confirmed that raised @entity5 , central venous pressure, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score as well as mechanical ventilation were independently associated with progression to AKI III; higher DO2I and MAP were independently associated with a lower risk of AKI III but not survival. The associations were independent of @entity3 , @entity4 , recent cardiac surgery, or chronic @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Higher DO2I and MAP in early AKI were independently associated with a lower risk of progression.

title: Low Systemic XXXX Delivery and BP and Risk of Progression of Early AKI.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular risk assessment is an accepted practice in adults and correlates with early changes in carotid structure and function. Its clinical use in pediatrics is less common. We sought to determine whether a simple method of clustering cardiovascular risks could detect early atherosclerotic changes in youth. In addition, we compared risk clustering with the accepted Patholobiological @entity3 in Youth score to assess its utility for predicting @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: We collected demographic, anthropometric, laboratory, and vascular measures in a cross-sectional study. The study population (n = 474; mean age: 18 years) was divided into low-risk (0-1) or high-risk (>=  2) groups on the basis of the number of cardiovascular risk factors present at evaluation. Group differences and vascular outcomes were compared. General linear models were used to compare clustering cardiovascular risks with the Patholobiological @entity3 in Youth score. RESULTS: The high-risk group had higher vascular thickness and @entity5 compared with the low-risk group (P < .05). @entity4 models found that clustering cardiovascular risks is associated with abnormal vascular structure and function after adjustment for age, race, and gender. The Patholobiological @entity3 in Youth score also is associated with abnormal vascular structure and function but with lower R(2) values (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiovascular risk clustering is a reliable tool for assessing abnormal vascular function. Its simplicity, compared with the Patholobiological @entity3 in Youth score, provides an advantageous tool for the practicing clinician to identify those youth who are at higher risk for early @entity1 .

title: Clustering of risk factors: a simple method of detecting XXXX in youth.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A retrospective review was done on medical records of 13 @entity0 with persistent post-dural- @entity4 headaches after one or more epidural blood patches. @entity1 occurred in nine @entity0 with @entity3 after "wet taps" while performing epidural blocks. In two @entity0 post-dural- @entity4 @entity1 appeared after long term implanted intrathecal catheters were removed. In two other cases @entity1 developed after spinal anesthesia. Treatment included bed rest, intravenous hydration and at least one epidural blood patch; three @entity0 were given 60 milliliters of epidural saline, without success. Eight epidural catheters were inserted through the lumbar access and five through the caudal approach. Initially, a bolus of 20 milliliters of dextran-40 was given followed by an infusion of 3 mL/hr, until 12 hours after the @entity1 and any other related symptoms subsided. In all @entity0 the @entity1 disappeared within 20 hours after initiating therapy (9.55 mean hours, SD +/- 0.79). In five @entity0 @entity1 ceased in less than five hours. Nausea and photo- @entity2 subsided earlier. @entity0 with post-dural- @entity4 @entity1 resistant to other treatments, including at least one epidural blood patch, were successfully treated by a bolus followed by continuous epidural infusion of dextran-40.

title: Persistent post-dural- @entity4 XXXX treated with epidural infusion of dextran.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A retrospective review was done on medical records of 13 @entity0 with persistent post-dural- @entity4 headaches after one or more epidural blood patches. @entity1 occurred in nine @entity0 with @entity3 after "wet taps" while performing epidural blocks. In two @entity0 post-dural- @entity4 @entity1 appeared after long term implanted intrathecal catheters were removed. In two other cases @entity1 developed after spinal anesthesia. Treatment included bed rest, intravenous hydration and at least one epidural blood patch; three @entity0 were given 60 milliliters of epidural saline, without success. Eight epidural catheters were inserted through the lumbar access and five through the caudal approach. Initially, a bolus of 20 milliliters of dextran-40 was given followed by an infusion of 3 mL/hr, until 12 hours after the @entity1 and any other related symptoms subsided. In all @entity0 the @entity1 disappeared within 20 hours after initiating therapy (9.55 mean hours, SD +/- 0.79). In five @entity0 @entity1 ceased in less than five hours. Nausea and photo- @entity2 subsided earlier. @entity0 with post-dural- @entity4 @entity1 resistant to other treatments, including at least one epidural blood patch, were successfully treated by a bolus followed by continuous epidural infusion of dextran-40.

title: Persistent post-dural- XXXX @entity1 treated with epidural infusion of dextran.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A three-year longitudinal study was carried out with a group of @entity0 , initially aged 11-15, residing in non-fluoridated rural communities in south-central Michigan. This report analyzes the relation between caries increment and consumption of @entity1 from all sources to see if accepted relationships have changed with the caries decline in the United States. There were 499 @entity0 who provided three or more 24-hour dietary recall interviews, and who received dental examinations at baseline and after three years. Caries increment averaged 2.91 DMFS over the three years, with 81% of new lesions on pit-and-fissure surfaces. Consumption of @entity1 from all sources averaged 156 g per day for males and 127 g per day for females, an average of 52 kg per @entity0 per year. @entity1 constituted one-quarter of total caloric intake for both @entity0 and @entity0 , and the average number of eating occasions per day was 4.3. @entity0 who consumed a higher proportion of their total energy intake as @entity1 had a higher increment of approximal caries, though there was little relation to pit-and-fissure caries. The average number of daily eating occasions was not related to caries increment, nor was the average number of sugary snacks (defined as foods with 15% or more of @entity1 ) consumed between meals, but the average consumption of between-meal @entity1 was related to the approximal caries increment. When @entity0 were categorized by high caries increment compared with no caries increment, a tendency toward more frequent snacks was seen in the high-caries @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effects of XXXX intake and frequency of ingestion on dental caries increment in a three-year longitudinal study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate microvascular reconstruction of a vertical hemipharyngolaryngectomy (VHPL) defect for @entity3 . DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of medical records. SETTING: Tertiary care referral center. @entity0 : Thirty-two @entity0 who underwent a VHPL. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Assess the surgical technique and safety of VHPL and review the functional parameters of swallowing and decannulation. RESULTS: The classification was composed of 3 types of VHPL according to the extent of resection: limited VHPL (type I), resection at the lateral border of the conus elasticus to preserve both vocal cords (n = 10); total VHPL (type II), removal of a vertical section of the thyroid cartilage through the anterior commissure to the upper border of the cricoid cartilage with preservation of 1 vocal cord (n = 12); and extended VHPL (type III), inclusion of a supraglottic laryngectomy (type IIIa) (n = 6) or partial cricoid cartilage resection (type IIIb) (n = 4). A radial forearm free flap that included the @entity2 was used for reconstruction in 31 @entity0 , and an anterolateral thigh flap was used in 1 @entity0 . There was no perioperative mortality, and there was 100% free flap survival. Oral realimentation and tracheotomy weaning were achieved a mean of 33 and 32 days postoperatively, respectively. In 25 @entity0 observed for longer than 6 months, the recurrence rate was 28% (7 of 25), and 5-year disease-specific survival was 64%. CONCLUSION: Microvascular reconstruction of VHPL offers a wider resection with promising functional results for @entity1 .

title: A classification system for the reconstruction of vertical hemipharyngolaryngectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The present investigation was conducted in order to examine the feasibility of isolating and growing @entity2 -infiltrating lymphocytes in vitro as possible effector cells for use in new adoptive immunotherapy. Eight surgical specimens obtained from @entity0 with malignant @entity5 were treated by enzyme dispersion; the cells were separated on a density gradient and grown in the presence of @entity0 recombinant @entity6 . The cultured lymphocytes were tested for cell-surface markers by using monoclonal antibodies in a flow cytometric analysis. In all cases the @entity2 -derived lymphocytes were grown in culture for several weeks with substantial increases in cell numbers (at least 5 X 10(8) cells). The mature T cell population (CD3, 89%) was found to have an increased proportion of the cytotoxic/suppressor phenotype @entity4 (55%) as compared to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL's). Eighty-six percent of the cultivated lymphocytes expressed HLA-DR. The @entity7 was predominantly expressed on the helper subset ( @entity3 -positive). Otherwise, anti- @entity8 , which specifically reacts with natural killer (NK) cells, did not stain significantly more of the cultured gliomaderived lymphocytes compared with lymphocyte-activated PBL's. These results corroborate the observations made with conventional immunohistochemical examination. It has been demonstrated that T lymphocytes isolated from @entity0 @entity1 are enriched for specific reactivity to their autochthonous @entity1 cells. These experiments support the possible use of @entity2 -infiltrating lymphocytes as a new treatment for @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Isolation and in vitro growth of XXXX -infiltrating lymphocytes, and an analysis of their surface phenotypes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The posterior capsule has an important effect on the risk of postoperative @entity4 . In order to investigate whether the posterior capsule inhibited the spread of infection into the vitreous we performed extracapsular @entity0 extraction in both eyes of 10 primates. In one eye of each primate the posterior capsule was left intact and in the other eye a large posterior capsulectomy was performed. When the anterior chambers were challenged with equivalent inocula of @entity3 , one of 10 eyes with an intact posterior capsule developed @entity1 . In contrast, nine of 10 eyes with a large posterior capsulectomy developed @entity1 . In a second experiment we investigated the effect of an intraocular lens on the barrier effect. Ten primates received extracapsular @entity0 extraction in both eyes and @entity2 . In one eye of each primate the posterior capsule was left intact and a J-loop monoplanar lens was implanted in the ciliary sulcus. In the other eye of each primate a large posterior capsulectomy was followed by implantation of a monoplanar, non-vaulted pseudophakos into the anterior chamber. None of the 10 eyes with a posterior capsule intact and a posterior chamber lens in place developed positive vitreous cultures or histopathological evidence of @entity1 . Thus the presence of a posterior chamber lens did not appreciably compromise the barrier effect of the intact posterior capsule. 40% of the eyes with a large posterior capsulectomy and a non-vaulted pseudophakos in the anterior chamber developed @entity1 , and 60% of the eyes showed histopathological evidence of @entity1 .

title: Role of the posterior capsule in the prevention of postoperative XXXX : experimental primate studies and clinical implications.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a T-cell-dependent @entity0 model of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) that is induced by injection of collagen type II in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. @entity6 within the synovium is a prominent feature of @entity4 and @entity1 . The novel angiogenesis inhibitor @entity7 and the microtubule-stabilizing agent Taxol represent two new classes of agents with specific mechanisms of action. @entity7 inhibits fibroblast growth factor-induced stimulation of endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell proliferation, and capillary tube formation, resulting in effective suppression of new blood vessel formation. By enhancing microtubule polymerization, Taxol interferes with normal microtubule function in cell mitosis, migration, chemotaxis, and intracellular transport. Using a suppression protocol in established @entity4 , the effects of @entity7 and Taxol as single agents and in combination were evaluated. Combination therapy significantly reduced clinical @entity2 compared to control @entity0 (P < 0.00001). The combination therapy group also experienced earlier and significantly greater reduction of clinical @entity2 compared to either single agent-treated groups (P < 0.05). Blinded radiographic scores at the end of the study demonstrated less soft tissue swelling and joint destruction using combination therapy than either single agent. This is the first use of @entity7 and @entity3 in combination therapy. Further study of agents with distinct mechanisms of action may lead to more effective treatment options in chronic @entity2 and to a better understanding of the pathophysiologic processes of @entity5 formation.

title: Suppression of collagen-induced XXXX using an angiogenesis inhibitor, @entity7 , and a microtubule stabilizer, @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a T-cell-dependent @entity0 model of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) that is induced by injection of collagen type II in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. @entity6 within the synovium is a prominent feature of @entity4 and @entity1 . The novel angiogenesis inhibitor @entity7 and the microtubule-stabilizing agent Taxol represent two new classes of agents with specific mechanisms of action. @entity7 inhibits fibroblast growth factor-induced stimulation of endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell proliferation, and capillary tube formation, resulting in effective suppression of new blood vessel formation. By enhancing microtubule polymerization, Taxol interferes with normal microtubule function in cell mitosis, migration, chemotaxis, and intracellular transport. Using a suppression protocol in established @entity4 , the effects of @entity7 and Taxol as single agents and in combination were evaluated. Combination therapy significantly reduced clinical @entity2 compared to control @entity0 (P < 0.00001). The combination therapy group also experienced earlier and significantly greater reduction of clinical @entity2 compared to either single agent-treated groups (P < 0.05). Blinded radiographic scores at the end of the study demonstrated less soft tissue swelling and joint destruction using combination therapy than either single agent. This is the first use of @entity7 and @entity3 in combination therapy. Further study of agents with distinct mechanisms of action may lead to more effective treatment options in chronic @entity2 and to a better understanding of the pathophysiologic processes of @entity5 formation.

title: Suppression of collagen-induced @entity2 using an angiogenesis inhibitor, XXXX , and a microtubule stabilizer, @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a T-cell-dependent @entity0 model of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) that is induced by injection of collagen type II in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. @entity6 within the synovium is a prominent feature of @entity4 and @entity1 . The novel angiogenesis inhibitor @entity7 and the microtubule-stabilizing agent Taxol represent two new classes of agents with specific mechanisms of action. @entity7 inhibits fibroblast growth factor-induced stimulation of endothelial cell migration, endothelial cell proliferation, and capillary tube formation, resulting in effective suppression of new blood vessel formation. By enhancing microtubule polymerization, Taxol interferes with normal microtubule function in cell mitosis, migration, chemotaxis, and intracellular transport. Using a suppression protocol in established @entity4 , the effects of @entity7 and Taxol as single agents and in combination were evaluated. Combination therapy significantly reduced clinical @entity2 compared to control @entity0 (P < 0.00001). The combination therapy group also experienced earlier and significantly greater reduction of clinical @entity2 compared to either single agent-treated groups (P < 0.05). Blinded radiographic scores at the end of the study demonstrated less soft tissue swelling and joint destruction using combination therapy than either single agent. This is the first use of @entity7 and @entity3 in combination therapy. Further study of agents with distinct mechanisms of action may lead to more effective treatment options in chronic @entity2 and to a better understanding of the pathophysiologic processes of @entity5 formation.

title: Suppression of collagen-induced @entity2 using an angiogenesis inhibitor, @entity7 , and a microtubule stabilizer, XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study evaluates the combined role of axillary ultrasound (Ax US), fine needle aspiration (FNAC) and intraoperative frozen section analysis of the sentinel node (FS SN) in a practical, time efficient algorithm to reduce the requirement for reoperation for axillary clearance in @entity0 in a busy tertiary unit. METHODS: Between October 2007 and June 2009 188 @entity1 underwent Ax US as a first investigation for nodal status. Suspicious nodes were biopsied, negative axillae proceeded to FS SN at time of primary breast surgery. All confirmed positive cases proceeded to immediate axillary clearance. RESULTS: 93 @entity1 had positive axillary nodes at final histology. Ax US + FNAC identified 59 positive axillae and had a sensitivity of 63.4% and specificity of 100%. FS SN identified a further 26 cases with a sensitivity of 76.5% and specificity of 100%. Overall, only 8 @entity1 required reoperation for axillary clearance. Sensitivity for the combined procedures was 91.4%. Commencement of adjuvant therapy was significantly less in those @entity1 identified earlier compared to those requiring a second operation (23.3 days vs 49.0 days, p < 0.005). CONCLUSION: 95.7% of cases were diagnosed accurately in the perioperative period, preventing delay to triage to definitive oncological care and reducing requirement for costly reoperation.

title: Perioperative diagnosis of the positive axilla in XXXX : a safe, time efficient algorithm.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess inter-observer reliability in US detection of tendon inflammatory and structural changes at wrists and ankles in @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: Fourteen consecutive @entity1 @entity0 underwent bilateral US assessment of the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECUT) and tibialis posterior tendons (TPTs) by two blinded rheumatologists, with different level of experience in musculoskeletal (MS) US. Grey scale and power Doppler (PD) US assessment was focused on detection of @entity5 , @entity4 signal and structural lesions (i.e. @entity4 , @entity4 , partial or total @entity2 ). RESULTS: The frequency of US findings detected by Investigator 1 was 28.6% for inflammatory changes and 51.8% for structural damage changes while Investigator 2 detected 34 and 53.6% for the corresponding abnormalities. A high overall agreement (82.7%) was found for inflammatory pathology and 89.7% for structural lesions in all tendons. Mean kappa (k) values for all tendons and pathology was moderate (k = 0.42), with fair level of agreement for the wrist region (0.27-0.34) and moderate to good values for the ankle region (k = 0.47-0.62). @entity3 were detected in 37.5% of the tendons by Investigator 1 and 28.6% of the tendons by Investigator 2. CONCLUSIONS: MSUS showed high overall agreement and fair to moderate inter-observer k-values between investigators with different levels of experience in detection of tendon pathology at the wrist and ankle in @entity1 @entity0 . Further standardization of scanning method and pathology definitions may improve MSUS reproducibility.

title: Inter-observer reliability of ultrasound detection of tendon abnormalities at the wrist and ankle in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess inter-observer reliability in US detection of tendon inflammatory and structural changes at wrists and ankles in @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: Fourteen consecutive @entity1 @entity0 underwent bilateral US assessment of the extensor carpi ulnaris (ECUT) and tibialis posterior tendons (TPTs) by two blinded rheumatologists, with different level of experience in musculoskeletal (MS) US. Grey scale and power Doppler (PD) US assessment was focused on detection of @entity5 , @entity4 signal and structural lesions (i.e. @entity4 , @entity4 , partial or total @entity2 ). RESULTS: The frequency of US findings detected by Investigator 1 was 28.6% for inflammatory changes and 51.8% for structural damage changes while Investigator 2 detected 34 and 53.6% for the corresponding abnormalities. A high overall agreement (82.7%) was found for inflammatory pathology and 89.7% for structural lesions in all tendons. Mean kappa (k) values for all tendons and pathology was moderate (k = 0.42), with fair level of agreement for the wrist region (0.27-0.34) and moderate to good values for the ankle region (k = 0.47-0.62). @entity3 were detected in 37.5% of the tendons by Investigator 1 and 28.6% of the tendons by Investigator 2. CONCLUSIONS: MSUS showed high overall agreement and fair to moderate inter-observer k-values between investigators with different levels of experience in detection of tendon pathology at the wrist and ankle in @entity1 @entity0 . Further standardization of scanning method and pathology definitions may improve MSUS reproducibility.

title: Inter-observer reliability of ultrasound detection of tendon abnormalities at the wrist and ankle in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The anti- @entity1 drug @entity3 (SOS) binds to fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), proteins which stimulate the growth and differentiation of several cell types, including stomach epithelial cells. It is believed that SOS stabilizes FGFs against acid denaturation in the stomach, thus enhancing their ability to stimulate healing of ulcerated tissue. SOS binds to the same site on FGF as heparin and other proteoglycans; in vivo, FGF must bind to cell-surface proteoglycans or to heparin before it can interact with FGF receptors and stimulate growth. The details of this process are not understood. RESULTS: We report the crystal structure of a 1:1 complex between @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and SOS at 2.7 A resolution. SOS binds to a positively charged region of @entity2 , largely composed of residues 112-127, and makes contacts primarily with Lys112, @entity0 116, Lys118, and @entity0 122. This region is also important in binding heparin. The overall conformation of @entity2 is not changed by binding SOS, although the positions of some side chains in the binding site shift by as much as 6 A. CONCLUSION: The SOS-FGF crystal structure is consistent with the model that SOS stabilizes FGF by neutralizing several positively charged residues that would destabilize the native structure by electrostatic repulsion. On the basis of this structure, we provide a model for the complex of heparin with an FGF dimer. Such interactions may facilitate FGF receptor dimerization, which may be important in receptor signaling.

title: Structural studies of the binding of the anti- XXXX drug @entity3 to acidic fibroblast growth factor.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The anti- @entity1 drug @entity3 (SOS) binds to fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), proteins which stimulate the growth and differentiation of several cell types, including stomach epithelial cells. It is believed that SOS stabilizes FGFs against acid denaturation in the stomach, thus enhancing their ability to stimulate healing of ulcerated tissue. SOS binds to the same site on FGF as heparin and other proteoglycans; in vivo, FGF must bind to cell-surface proteoglycans or to heparin before it can interact with FGF receptors and stimulate growth. The details of this process are not understood. RESULTS: We report the crystal structure of a 1:1 complex between @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and SOS at 2.7 A resolution. SOS binds to a positively charged region of @entity2 , largely composed of residues 112-127, and makes contacts primarily with Lys112, @entity0 116, Lys118, and @entity0 122. This region is also important in binding heparin. The overall conformation of @entity2 is not changed by binding SOS, although the positions of some side chains in the binding site shift by as much as 6 A. CONCLUSION: The SOS-FGF crystal structure is consistent with the model that SOS stabilizes FGF by neutralizing several positively charged residues that would destabilize the native structure by electrostatic repulsion. On the basis of this structure, we provide a model for the complex of heparin with an FGF dimer. Such interactions may facilitate FGF receptor dimerization, which may be important in receptor signaling.

title: Structural studies of the binding of the anti- @entity1 drug XXXX to acidic fibroblast growth factor.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity7 (PSA) is believed to be a highly specific marker for normal or cancerous prostatic tissue. We recently found that immunoreactive PSA (IR-PSA) is present in 30% of @entity0 cytosols (from 525 @entity0 @entity1 ). In this paper we analyzed a new series of 750 @entity0 cytosols, obtained from 744 @entity1 and six @entity1 , for IR-PSA. The positivity rates in the old and new series were very similar (approximately 30%). Combining the two series of @entity0 @entity1 , we examined the associations between IR-PSA and @entity3 (ER) or @entity6 (PR) receptors, or @entity1 age. We found that IR-PSA positivity rate declines with age. @entity4 were highly associated with either ER-positive or PR-positive @entity2 alone. However, analysis in a subset of @entity2 that combine the two receptors, ER(-)/PR(-), ER(+)/PR(-), ER(-)/PR(+), and ER(+)/PR(+), revealed that IR-PSA was only associated with PR, and no relationship was found between IR-PSA and ER. We speculate that the presence of IR-PSA in @entity0 may be associated with the PR action and that the association between PSA and ER is indirect due to the known association between ER and PR. As five of the six @entity8 were found negative for IR-PSA, it is suggested that @entity5 may not be involved in the presence of IR-PSA in @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Immunoreactive XXXX levels in female and @entity8 and its association with steroid hormone receptors and @entity1 age.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 (PSA) is believed to be a highly specific marker for normal or cancerous prostatic tissue. We recently found that immunoreactive PSA (IR-PSA) is present in 30% of @entity0 cytosols (from 525 @entity0 @entity1 ). In this paper we analyzed a new series of 750 @entity0 cytosols, obtained from 744 @entity1 and six @entity1 , for IR-PSA. The positivity rates in the old and new series were very similar (approximately 30%). Combining the two series of @entity0 @entity1 , we examined the associations between IR-PSA and @entity3 (ER) or @entity6 (PR) receptors, or @entity1 age. We found that IR-PSA positivity rate declines with age. @entity4 were highly associated with either ER-positive or PR-positive @entity2 alone. However, analysis in a subset of @entity2 that combine the two receptors, ER(-)/PR(-), ER(+)/PR(-), ER(-)/PR(+), and ER(+)/PR(+), revealed that IR-PSA was only associated with PR, and no relationship was found between IR-PSA and ER. We speculate that the presence of IR-PSA in @entity0 may be associated with the PR action and that the association between PSA and ER is indirect due to the known association between ER and PR. As five of the six @entity8 were found negative for IR-PSA, it is suggested that @entity5 may not be involved in the presence of IR-PSA in @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Immunoreactive @entity7 levels in female and XXXX and its association with steroid hormone receptors and @entity1 age.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity7 (PSA) is believed to be a highly specific marker for normal or cancerous prostatic tissue. We recently found that immunoreactive PSA (IR-PSA) is present in 30% of @entity0 cytosols (from 525 @entity0 @entity1 ). In this paper we analyzed a new series of 750 @entity0 cytosols, obtained from 744 @entity1 and six @entity1 , for IR-PSA. The positivity rates in the old and new series were very similar (approximately 30%). Combining the two series of @entity0 @entity1 , we examined the associations between IR-PSA and @entity3 (ER) or @entity6 (PR) receptors, or @entity1 age. We found that IR-PSA positivity rate declines with age. @entity4 were highly associated with either ER-positive or PR-positive @entity2 alone. However, analysis in a subset of @entity2 that combine the two receptors, ER(-)/PR(-), ER(+)/PR(-), ER(-)/PR(+), and ER(+)/PR(+), revealed that IR-PSA was only associated with PR, and no relationship was found between IR-PSA and ER. We speculate that the presence of IR-PSA in @entity0 may be associated with the PR action and that the association between PSA and ER is indirect due to the known association between ER and PR. As five of the six @entity8 were found negative for IR-PSA, it is suggested that @entity5 may not be involved in the presence of IR-PSA in @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Immunoreactive @entity7 levels in female and @entity8 and its association with steroid hormone receptors and XXXX age.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In an effort to evaluate the influence of the oviduct on sperm capacitation, in vitro fertilization of freshly-ovulated @entity1 ova was used to assay the fertilizing ability of @entity2 . New Zealand white @entity1 were used. 9 1/2 hours after injection of @entity0 chorionic gonadotrophin half the animals had fimbriae of both tubes resected; 2 hours later, the ovaries were excised and the ova in cumulus removed from the surface of the ovaries. Half the animals serving as donors of uterine @entity2 had their oviducts removed; half were intact. Both had @entity2 recovered from their uteri 6-48 hours after mating. Study technique is detailed. Studies of 617 ova showed best fertilization rates when @entity2 had remained in the uteri 16-18 hours. Spermatozoa recovered from capacitators without oviducts produced similar cleavage rates as those with intact oviducts. Results indicate that @entity2 can be capacitated in the uterus of @entity1 without oviducts but it is possible that part of the capacitation normally takes place in the oviducts. Others have shown capacitation takes longer by several hours with the uterotubal junction ligated than when this junction is patent. Ova were fertilized by @entity2 recovered from the uterus after 8 hours but not by those recovered after 6 hours. In the present experiment @entity2 recovered from the uterus 36 hours postcoitus were still able to fertilize ova.

title: Influence of the oviduct on sperm capacitation in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The surgical management of grade I intramedullary @entity2 remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data to determine the oncologic outcomes of intralesional versus wide resection for grade I intramedullary @entity3 . METHODS: Literature searches were performed through Medline, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Database. Cohort studies in which one @entity0 group with grade I @entity3 underwent wide resection and one underwent intralesional curettage were included. Two reviewers independently assessed all eligible papers with the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale for Cohort Studies. The outcome measures were the pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals for the risk of local recurrence and @entity1 calculated through the random-effects method. RESULTS: Five eligible studies were identified including a total of 190 @entity0 , 78 of whom underwent intralesional resection and 112 of whom underwent wide resection. Only one pelvic lesion was identified, which underwent wide resection. There were a total of five local recurrences and three @entity1 . The risk for local recurrence and @entity1 did not differ significantly between the two groups, with an odds ratio for intralesional resection of 2.26 (95% confidence interval, 0.41-12.62) and 0.44 (95% confidence interval, 0.04-5.21) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Intralesional curettage as an alternative to wide resection for extrapelvic grade I @entity2 does not greatly increase the risk for local recurrence or @entity1 . Overall effect estimates, however, should be interpreted with caution as a result of the relatively small number of events.

title: A systematic review and meta-analysis of intralesional versus wide resection for intramedullary grade I XXXX of the extremities.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A new quantitation method for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) has been developed. In this method, drug concentrations were determined by tissue homogenization of five 10   m tissue sections adjacent to those analyzed by @entity3 . Drug levels in tissue extracts were measured by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ @entity0 / @entity0 ). The integrated @entity3 response was correlated to the LC/ @entity0 / @entity0 drug concentrations to determine the amount of drug detected per @entity3 ion count. The study reported here evaluates @entity2 in liver tissue. Tissue samples containing a range of concentrations were created from liver harvested from @entity1 administered a single dose of @entity2 at 0, 1, 4, 8, 16, 30, or 100 mg/kg. The liver samples were then analyzed by MALDI- @entity3 and LC/ @entity0 / @entity0 . The MALDI- @entity3 and LC/ @entity0 / @entity0 correlation was determined for tissue concentrations of ~300 to 60,000 ng/g and yielded a linear relationship over two orders of magnitude (R(2) = 0.9792). From this correlation, a conversion factor of 6.3    0.23 fg/ion count was used to quantitate @entity3 responses at the pixel level (100   m). The details of the method, its importance in pharmaceutical analysis, and the considerations necessary when implementing it are presented.

title: A quantitation method for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Research suggests that the majority of mild @entity3 (mTBI) @entity0 exhibit both @entity1 within the first weeks of @entity2 , followed by symptom resolution 3-6 months postinjury. The neuronal correlates of said dysfunction are difficult to detect with standard clinical neuroimaging, complicating differential diagnosis and early identification of @entity0 who may not recover. This study examined whether resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) provides objective markers of @entity2 and predicts @entity1 in mTBI @entity0 semiacutely (<3 weeks postinjury) and in late recovery (3-5 month) phases. METHODS: Twenty-seven semiacute mTBI @entity0 and 26 gender, age, and education-matched controls were studied. Fifteen of 27 @entity0 returned for a follow-up visit 3-5 months postinjury. The main dependent variables were spontaneous fluctuations (temporal correlation) in the default-mode ( @entity4 ) and fronto-parietal task-related networks as measured by fMRI. RESULTS: Significant differences in self-reported @entity1 were observed (all P < 0.05), despite normal clinical (T1 and T2) imaging and neuropsychological testing results. Mild @entity3 @entity0 demonstrated decreased functional connectivity within the @entity4 and hyper-connectivity between the @entity4 and lateral prefrontal cortex. Measures of functional connectivity exhibited high levels of sensitivity and specificity for @entity0 classification and predicted @entity1 in the semi-acute @entity2 stage. However, no changes in functional connectivity were observed across a 4-month recovery period. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal connectivity between the @entity4 and frontal cortex may provide objective biomarkers of mTBI and underlie @entity1 .

title: Functional connectivity in mild XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a developmental @entity1 characterized by motor and vocal tics as well as @entity1 comorbidities. Disturbances of the fronto-striatal-thalamic pathways responsible for motor control and impulse inhibition have been previously described in other studies. Although differences in motor performance are well recognized, imaging data elucidating the neuronal correlates are scarce. Here, we examined 19 adult @entity3 @entity0 (13 @entity0 , aged 22-52 years, mean = 34.3 years) and 18 age- and sex-matched controls (13 @entity0 , aged 24-57 years, mean = 37.6 years) in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study at 1.5 T. We corrected for possible confounds introduced by tics, motion, and brain-structural differences as well as age, sex, comorbidities, and medication. @entity0 and controls were asked to perform a sequential finger-tapping task using their right, left, and both hands, respectively. Task performance was monitored by simultaneous MR-compatible video recording. Although behavioral data obtained during scanning did not show significant differences across groups, we observed differential neuronal activation patterns depending on both handedness (dominant vs. nondominant) and tapping frequency in frontal, parietal, and subcortical areas. When controlling for open motor performance, a failure of deactivation in easier task conditions was found in the subgenual cingulate cortex in the @entity3 @entity0 . In addition, performance-related functional connectivity of lower- and higher-order motor networks differed between @entity0 and controls. In summary, although open performance was comparable, @entity0 showed different @entity2 and connectivity patterns when performing increasingly demanding tasks, further illustrating the impact of the disease on the motor system.

title: Altered motor network activation and functional connectivity in adult XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In the @entity12 -transfer reaction catalyzed by @entity8 transcarbamoylase, an @entity0 residue in the active site of the @entity1 enzyme has been suggested to bind the @entity4 moiety of the substrate @entity11 . With the application of site-specific mutagenesis, the most likely @entity0 residue among three candidates at the binding site of @entity11 , @entity2 -57, has been replaced with a @entity5 . The resultant @entity7 -57 mutant enzyme is drastically inefficient in catalysis. In the synthesis of @entity9 from @entity11 and @entity10 with the release of inorganic @entity4 , the turnover rate of the mutant is 21,000-fold lower than that of the wild type. However, the mutation of @entity2 -57 affects only moderately the binding of @entity11 ; the dissociation constant of this substrate, measured under steady-state turnover condition, is increased from 0.046 to 3.2 mM by the mutation. On the other hand, @entity8 binding is substantially affected as estimated by the change in the dissociation constant of its analogue @entity13 . The dissociation constant of @entity13 increases about 500-fold from 54 microM for the wild type to 25 mM for the mutant. Since @entity2 -57 is expected to be distal from the @entity8 site and the @entity3 (both @entity8 and @entity6 ) binds only after @entity11 in the wild-type reaction, the poor norvaline affinity to the mutant suggests that @entity2 -57 is involved in interactions essential for productive addition of the @entity3 . This interpretation is supported by difference ultraviolet absorption spectra which show that the conformational changes induced in the wild type by @entity11 upon binding are absent in the mutant. Furthermore, steady-state kinetic data reveal that the ordered binding mechanism of the wild-type enzyme is transformed into a random binding mechanism in the mutant. Thus, the presence of @entity11 in the mutant active site is no longer a requisite for @entity8 binding. In the 5-50 degrees C temperature range, transcarbamoylation catalyzed by either the wild type or the mutant observes the Arrhenius rate law with almost identical enthalpies of activation, 11 and 10 kcal/mol, respectively. The entropy of activation is -5.5 eu for the wild-type reaction and -29 eu for the mutant reaction, accounting for a loss of 6-7 kcal/mol in the rate-determining step of the enzymic reaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Site-directed mutagenesis of XXXX @entity8 transcarbamoylase: role of @entity0 -57 in substrate binding and catalysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In the @entity12 -transfer reaction catalyzed by @entity8 transcarbamoylase, an @entity0 residue in the active site of the @entity1 enzyme has been suggested to bind the @entity4 moiety of the substrate @entity11 . With the application of site-specific mutagenesis, the most likely @entity0 residue among three candidates at the binding site of @entity11 , @entity2 -57, has been replaced with a @entity5 . The resultant @entity7 -57 mutant enzyme is drastically inefficient in catalysis. In the synthesis of @entity9 from @entity11 and @entity10 with the release of inorganic @entity4 , the turnover rate of the mutant is 21,000-fold lower than that of the wild type. However, the mutation of @entity2 -57 affects only moderately the binding of @entity11 ; the dissociation constant of this substrate, measured under steady-state turnover condition, is increased from 0.046 to 3.2 mM by the mutation. On the other hand, @entity8 binding is substantially affected as estimated by the change in the dissociation constant of its analogue @entity13 . The dissociation constant of @entity13 increases about 500-fold from 54 microM for the wild type to 25 mM for the mutant. Since @entity2 -57 is expected to be distal from the @entity8 site and the @entity3 (both @entity8 and @entity6 ) binds only after @entity11 in the wild-type reaction, the poor norvaline affinity to the mutant suggests that @entity2 -57 is involved in interactions essential for productive addition of the @entity3 . This interpretation is supported by difference ultraviolet absorption spectra which show that the conformational changes induced in the wild type by @entity11 upon binding are absent in the mutant. Furthermore, steady-state kinetic data reveal that the ordered binding mechanism of the wild-type enzyme is transformed into a random binding mechanism in the mutant. Thus, the presence of @entity11 in the mutant active site is no longer a requisite for @entity8 binding. In the 5-50 degrees C temperature range, transcarbamoylation catalyzed by either the wild type or the mutant observes the Arrhenius rate law with almost identical enthalpies of activation, 11 and 10 kcal/mol, respectively. The entropy of activation is -5.5 eu for the wild-type reaction and -29 eu for the mutant reaction, accounting for a loss of 6-7 kcal/mol in the rate-determining step of the enzymic reaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Site-directed mutagenesis of @entity1 XXXX transcarbamoylase: role of @entity0 -57 in substrate binding and catalysis.

answer: @entity8


abstract: In the @entity12 -transfer reaction catalyzed by @entity8 transcarbamoylase, an @entity0 residue in the active site of the @entity1 enzyme has been suggested to bind the @entity4 moiety of the substrate @entity11 . With the application of site-specific mutagenesis, the most likely @entity0 residue among three candidates at the binding site of @entity11 , @entity2 -57, has been replaced with a @entity5 . The resultant @entity7 -57 mutant enzyme is drastically inefficient in catalysis. In the synthesis of @entity9 from @entity11 and @entity10 with the release of inorganic @entity4 , the turnover rate of the mutant is 21,000-fold lower than that of the wild type. However, the mutation of @entity2 -57 affects only moderately the binding of @entity11 ; the dissociation constant of this substrate, measured under steady-state turnover condition, is increased from 0.046 to 3.2 mM by the mutation. On the other hand, @entity8 binding is substantially affected as estimated by the change in the dissociation constant of its analogue @entity13 . The dissociation constant of @entity13 increases about 500-fold from 54 microM for the wild type to 25 mM for the mutant. Since @entity2 -57 is expected to be distal from the @entity8 site and the @entity3 (both @entity8 and @entity6 ) binds only after @entity11 in the wild-type reaction, the poor norvaline affinity to the mutant suggests that @entity2 -57 is involved in interactions essential for productive addition of the @entity3 . This interpretation is supported by difference ultraviolet absorption spectra which show that the conformational changes induced in the wild type by @entity11 upon binding are absent in the mutant. Furthermore, steady-state kinetic data reveal that the ordered binding mechanism of the wild-type enzyme is transformed into a random binding mechanism in the mutant. Thus, the presence of @entity11 in the mutant active site is no longer a requisite for @entity8 binding. In the 5-50 degrees C temperature range, transcarbamoylation catalyzed by either the wild type or the mutant observes the Arrhenius rate law with almost identical enthalpies of activation, 11 and 10 kcal/mol, respectively. The entropy of activation is -5.5 eu for the wild-type reaction and -29 eu for the mutant reaction, accounting for a loss of 6-7 kcal/mol in the rate-determining step of the enzymic reaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Site-directed mutagenesis of @entity1 @entity8 transcarbamoylase: role of XXXX -57 in substrate binding and catalysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) gene 'knock-out' @entity1 ( @entity8 ) were primed with purified H-2Kb and H-2Db molecules and spleen cells from immunized @entity1 were used to generate monoclonal antibody secreting B-cell hybridomas. Approximately 0.2% of the Ig-secreting primary microcultures contained H-2b binding antibodies. Three stable anti-MHC class I (MHC-I) antibody secreting hybridoma clones were established and subcloned. All three MoAbs precipitated radiolabelled @entity5 molecules as analysed by SDS PAGE, and all three MoAbs stained H-2b, @entity4 , as well as H-2k cells by @entity6 analysis. The MoAbs stained to two @entity7 loss mutant cell lines, C4.4-25- and R1E, suggesting that some MHC-I heavy chain is exported to the cell surface even in the absence of endogenous @entity7 . Staining of @entity1 cell lines kept under serum-free culture conditions was strongly influenced by the addition of @entity3 or human serum as a source of exogenous @entity7 suggesting that xenogeneic @entity7 affects the conformation of class I molecules. Furthermore, all three MoAbs strongly stained the peptide transporter deficient cell line, RMA-S, when cultured at 26 degrees C, however, staining was reduced five-fold when RMA-S cells were cultured at 37 degrees C. In total, these observations suggest that the MoAbs recognize conformational, presumably @entity7 and peptide dependent, self epitopes on MHC-class I. One of the three MoAbs stained @entity2 blood mononuclear blood cells (BMC), all three MoAbs stained hamster BMC, whereas two of the MoAbs stained @entity0 cells. These data suggest that the MoAbs recognize determinants which are conserved between species. All three antibodies strongly inhibited the development of CTLs generated in an allogeneic one-way MLC, provided that the MoAbs were present during the first 24 h of culture. It is concluded that MoAbs reacting with monomorphic self epitopes may be generated using animals deleted of the gene of interest. The implications may be far reaching since such MoAbs potentially identify evolutionary conserved and physiologically important epitopes.

title: Antibodies directed against monomorphic and evolutionary conserved self epitopes may be generated in 'knock-out' XXXX . Development of monoclonal antibodies directed against monomorphic MHC class I determinants.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of posterior @entity3 fixation on the function of ankle in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: Between June 2007 and June 2009, 110 @entity0 with @entity3 were treated with posterior @entity3 fixation in 59 @entity0 (fixation group) or without fixation in 51 @entity0 (non-fixation group). In fixation group, there were 31 males and 28 females with an average age of 62.6 years (range, 19-75 years); the causes of injury included traffic accident (20 cases), falling (18 cases), and @entity4 (21 cases) with a disease duration of 1-3 days (2.2 days on average); and the locations were left ankle in 32 cases and right ankle in 27 cases, including 6 cases of type I, 23 of type II, 19 of type III, and 11 of type IV according to the @entity3 classification. In non-fixation group, there were 38 males and 13 females with an average age of 64.5 years (range, 16-70 years); the causes of injury included traffic accident (15 cases), falling (12 cases), and @entity4 (24 cases) with a disease duration of 1-3 days (2.5 days on average); and the locations were left ankle in 22 cases and right ankle in 29 cases, including 8 cases of type I, 16 of type II, 19 of type III, and 8 of type IV according to the @entity3 classification. There was no significant difference in general data between 2 groups (P > 0.05). RESULTS: All @entity0 of 2 groups achieved wound healing by first intention. The @entity0 were followed up 12-18 months (16 months on average). X-ray films showed that @entity1 healed at 8-12 weeks (10 weeks on average) in fixation group and at 10-14 weeks (12 weeks on average) in non-fixation group. There were significant differences in the clinical score (89.28 +/- 8.62 vs. 86.88 +/- 9.47, P < 0.05), postoperative reposition score (33.34 +/- 2.15 vs. 31.24 +/- 2.89, P < 0.05), and @entity2 score (13.22 +/- 1.66 vs. 12.46 +/- 2.03, P < 0.05) according to Phillips ankle scoring system between 2 groups at last follow-up. There was no significant difference in clinical score of type I and II @entity0 between 2 groups (P > 0.05), but significant differences were found in clinical score and @entity2 score of type III and IV @entity0 between 2 groups (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the postoperative reposition score between 2 groups in all types of @entity1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The posterior @entity3 fixation may provide satisfactory clinical functional outcomes for @entity3 . Proper @entity1 classification and correct method of internal fixation are important for achieving good reduction and improving the long-term results.

title: [Effectiveness of posterior @entity3 fixation in treating XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of posterior @entity3 fixation on the function of ankle in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: Between June 2007 and June 2009, 110 @entity0 with @entity3 were treated with posterior @entity3 fixation in 59 @entity0 (fixation group) or without fixation in 51 @entity0 (non-fixation group). In fixation group, there were 31 males and 28 females with an average age of 62.6 years (range, 19-75 years); the causes of injury included traffic accident (20 cases), falling (18 cases), and @entity4 (21 cases) with a disease duration of 1-3 days (2.2 days on average); and the locations were left ankle in 32 cases and right ankle in 27 cases, including 6 cases of type I, 23 of type II, 19 of type III, and 11 of type IV according to the @entity3 classification. In non-fixation group, there were 38 males and 13 females with an average age of 64.5 years (range, 16-70 years); the causes of injury included traffic accident (15 cases), falling (12 cases), and @entity4 (24 cases) with a disease duration of 1-3 days (2.5 days on average); and the locations were left ankle in 22 cases and right ankle in 29 cases, including 8 cases of type I, 16 of type II, 19 of type III, and 8 of type IV according to the @entity3 classification. There was no significant difference in general data between 2 groups (P > 0.05). RESULTS: All @entity0 of 2 groups achieved wound healing by first intention. The @entity0 were followed up 12-18 months (16 months on average). X-ray films showed that @entity1 healed at 8-12 weeks (10 weeks on average) in fixation group and at 10-14 weeks (12 weeks on average) in non-fixation group. There were significant differences in the clinical score (89.28 +/- 8.62 vs. 86.88 +/- 9.47, P < 0.05), postoperative reposition score (33.34 +/- 2.15 vs. 31.24 +/- 2.89, P < 0.05), and @entity2 score (13.22 +/- 1.66 vs. 12.46 +/- 2.03, P < 0.05) according to Phillips ankle scoring system between 2 groups at last follow-up. There was no significant difference in clinical score of type I and II @entity0 between 2 groups (P > 0.05), but significant differences were found in clinical score and @entity2 score of type III and IV @entity0 between 2 groups (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the postoperative reposition score between 2 groups in all types of @entity1 (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The posterior @entity3 fixation may provide satisfactory clinical functional outcomes for @entity3 . Proper @entity1 classification and correct method of internal fixation are important for achieving good reduction and improving the long-term results.

title: [Effectiveness of posterior XXXX fixation in treating @entity3 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical features of @entity6 associated with @entity8 in adolescent @entity0 , and to explore the validity and safety of one-stage posterior approach and vertebral column resection for the correction of severe @entity6 . METHODS: Between October 2004 and August 2008, 17 adolescent @entity0 with @entity6 associated with @entity8 were treated with surgical correction through posterior approach and pedicle instrumentation. There were 9 males and 8 females with an average age of 15.1 years (range, 12-19 years). The MRI scanning showed that 16 of 17 @entity0 had @entity7 in cervical or thoracic spinal cord. Apex vertebra of @entity6 were located at T7-12. One-stage posterior vertebral column resection and instrumental correction were performed on 9 @entity0 whose Cobb angle of @entity6 or @entity5 was more than 90 degrees, or who was associated with apparent @entity2 (total spondylectomy group). Other 8 @entity0 underwent posterior instrumental correction alone (simple correction group). All @entity0 ' fixation and fusion segment ranged from upper thoracic spine to lumbar spine. RESULTS: The operative time and the @entity3 were (384 +/- 65) minutes and (4 160 +/- 336) mL in total spondylectomy group, and were (246 +/- 47) minutes and (1 450 +/- 213) mL in simple correction group; showing significant differences (P < 0.05). In total spondylectomy group, @entity9 occurred in 1 case, pleural perforation in 4 cases, and @entity4 in 1 case. In simple correction group, pleural perforation occurred in 1 case. These @entity0 were improved after symptomatic treatment. All @entity0 were followed up 24-36 months (32.5 months on average). Bony healing was achieved at 6-12 months in total spondylectomy group. No breakage or pulling-out of internal fixator occurred. The angles of @entity5 and @entity6 were significantly improved at 1 week after operation (P < 0.01) when compared with those before operation. The correction rates of @entity6 and @entity5 (63.4% +/- 4.6% and 72.1% +/- 5.8%) in total spondylectomy group were better than those (69.4% +/- 17.6% and 48.8% +/- 19.3%) in simple correction group. CONCLUSION: Suboccipital decompression before spine deformity correction may not always be necessary in adolescent @entity6 @entity0 associated with @entity8 . In @entity0 with severe and rigid curve or apparente @entity2 , posterior vertebral column resection would provide the opportunity of satisfied deformity correction and decrease the risk of @entity1 connected with surgical correction.

title: [One-stage posterior approach and pedicle instrumentation for correction of @entity6 associated with XXXX in adolescent].

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical features of @entity6 associated with @entity8 in adolescent @entity0 , and to explore the validity and safety of one-stage posterior approach and vertebral column resection for the correction of severe @entity6 . METHODS: Between October 2004 and August 2008, 17 adolescent @entity0 with @entity6 associated with @entity8 were treated with surgical correction through posterior approach and pedicle instrumentation. There were 9 males and 8 females with an average age of 15.1 years (range, 12-19 years). The MRI scanning showed that 16 of 17 @entity0 had @entity7 in cervical or thoracic spinal cord. Apex vertebra of @entity6 were located at T7-12. One-stage posterior vertebral column resection and instrumental correction were performed on 9 @entity0 whose Cobb angle of @entity6 or @entity5 was more than 90 degrees, or who was associated with apparent @entity2 (total spondylectomy group). Other 8 @entity0 underwent posterior instrumental correction alone (simple correction group). All @entity0 ' fixation and fusion segment ranged from upper thoracic spine to lumbar spine. RESULTS: The operative time and the @entity3 were (384 +/- 65) minutes and (4 160 +/- 336) mL in total spondylectomy group, and were (246 +/- 47) minutes and (1 450 +/- 213) mL in simple correction group; showing significant differences (P < 0.05). In total spondylectomy group, @entity9 occurred in 1 case, pleural perforation in 4 cases, and @entity4 in 1 case. In simple correction group, pleural perforation occurred in 1 case. These @entity0 were improved after symptomatic treatment. All @entity0 were followed up 24-36 months (32.5 months on average). Bony healing was achieved at 6-12 months in total spondylectomy group. No breakage or pulling-out of internal fixator occurred. The angles of @entity5 and @entity6 were significantly improved at 1 week after operation (P < 0.01) when compared with those before operation. The correction rates of @entity6 and @entity5 (63.4% +/- 4.6% and 72.1% +/- 5.8%) in total spondylectomy group were better than those (69.4% +/- 17.6% and 48.8% +/- 19.3%) in simple correction group. CONCLUSION: Suboccipital decompression before spine deformity correction may not always be necessary in adolescent @entity6 @entity0 associated with @entity8 . In @entity0 with severe and rigid curve or apparente @entity2 , posterior vertebral column resection would provide the opportunity of satisfied deformity correction and decrease the risk of @entity1 connected with surgical correction.

title: [One-stage posterior approach and pedicle instrumentation for correction of XXXX associated with @entity8 in adolescent].

answer: @entity6


abstract: An adaptation of the Feulgen procedure to visualise DNA at the ultrastructural level, using @entity4 instead of @entity3 , was applied to ultrathin sections of @entity0 epididymal spermatozoa, known to display increasing chromatin compaction as they progress through the epididymis. In contrast with the somatic cell nuclei of the epididymal epithelium, which display classical staining, the chromatin of spermatozoa is partly or fully destroyed during the hydrolysis step of the technique. The sperm chromatin resistance towards destruction is a function of the initial sperm nuclear compaction and of the duration of hydrolysis prior to Feulgen-like staining. For a given nucleus, the maximum staining intensity is only obtained after an optimal duration of hydrolysis. However, because of this duration and local differences in chromatin compaction, the total DNA of a section is never completely visualized. The most compact parts of the nuclei are not yet stained, when the less compact parts have already been destroyed. This gives rise to a sperm-specific pattern which corresponds to the enhancement of microheterogeneities present in all sperm nuclei and to the local depolymerisation of the nuclear material during hydrolysis. The depolymerised parts of nuclei sit over the sections, and they also bind @entity1 , @entity2 and anti-protamine antibodies. Therefore, in sperm nuclei, the Feulgen-like staining at the ultrastructural level does not reveal the true DNA distribution. However, the amount of staining can be quantified to evaluate sperm chromatin compaction.

title: Distribution of DNA, nuclear micro-heterogeneities and compaction of the chromatin in XXXX epididymal spermatozoa. Ultrastructural evaluation of the Feulgen-like technique using @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: An adaptation of the Feulgen procedure to visualise DNA at the ultrastructural level, using @entity4 instead of @entity3 , was applied to ultrathin sections of @entity0 epididymal spermatozoa, known to display increasing chromatin compaction as they progress through the epididymis. In contrast with the somatic cell nuclei of the epididymal epithelium, which display classical staining, the chromatin of spermatozoa is partly or fully destroyed during the hydrolysis step of the technique. The sperm chromatin resistance towards destruction is a function of the initial sperm nuclear compaction and of the duration of hydrolysis prior to Feulgen-like staining. For a given nucleus, the maximum staining intensity is only obtained after an optimal duration of hydrolysis. However, because of this duration and local differences in chromatin compaction, the total DNA of a section is never completely visualized. The most compact parts of the nuclei are not yet stained, when the less compact parts have already been destroyed. This gives rise to a sperm-specific pattern which corresponds to the enhancement of microheterogeneities present in all sperm nuclei and to the local depolymerisation of the nuclear material during hydrolysis. The depolymerised parts of nuclei sit over the sections, and they also bind @entity1 , @entity2 and anti-protamine antibodies. Therefore, in sperm nuclei, the Feulgen-like staining at the ultrastructural level does not reveal the true DNA distribution. However, the amount of staining can be quantified to evaluate sperm chromatin compaction.

title: Distribution of DNA, nuclear micro-heterogeneities and compaction of the chromatin in @entity0 epididymal spermatozoa. Ultrastructural evaluation of the Feulgen-like technique using XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the effect of the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) correcting procedures on the visual acuity improvement in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and the visual acuity improvement outcomes in different @entity1 correcting surgeries in @entity2 . METHODS: This was a prospective, non-randomized, interventional study. Twenty-eight @entity0 underwent the Anderson-Kestenbaum procedure or the modified Anderson procedure with or without tenotomy of at least one horizontal recti for correction of @entity1 . Best-corrected binocular null zone acuity and degree of @entity1 was recorded preoperatively and compared with those done 1 month postoperatively. RESULTS: The average null zone logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution acuity was 0.42 preoperatively, which improved significantly to 0.33 postoperatively (P = .002). The @entity1 ranged from 10   to 40   (mean: 20.89  ), which improved significantly to a mean of 3.21   (P = .000). No significant difference (P = .65) was found in the visual acuity improvement among @entity0 who underwent the Anderson-Kestenbaum procedure or the modified Anderson procedure with or without tenotomy. No significant difference in the visual acuity improvement was seen in @entity0 who underwent tenotomy of at least one horizontal rectus muscle along with the modified Anderson procedure compared to those who underwent the modified Anderson procedure alone (P = .28). CONCLUSION: The procedures used mainly for correction of @entity1 in @entity2 do yield significant improvement in the visual acuity. This improvement is seen in @entity0 undergoing surgery for both horizontal and vertical @entity1 .

title: Improvement in visual acuity following surgery for correction of head posture in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Studies are described in which @entity1 (EB) was tested to determine its acute @entity0 to three marine organisms, @entity2 ( @entity2 ), mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia), and diatoms (Skeletonema costatum), and to one freshwater algae (Selenastrum capricornutum). The respective 96-hr median lethal concentration (LC50) values and 95% confidence intervals for EB in the flow-through studies with fish and mysid shrimp were 5.1 (4.4-5.7) mg/liter and 2.6 (2.0-3.3) mg/liter. While the 96-hr median effective concentrations (EC50's) for growth inhibition and 95% confidence intervals for the static studies with diatoms and algae were 7.7 (5.9-10.0) mg/liter and 3.6 (1.7-7.6) mg/liter, respectively. Problems were encountered in all four studies as a result of the high volatility and poor water solubility of EB in water and an apparent "salting out" effect noted in seawater. This effect was found particularly true in the diatom and algae studies where the salinity was increased with the addition of culture medium. Measures are described which were used to overcome this stability problem with EB. These included sealing the test systems tight without any air spaces to prevent the collection of EB vapors. Also, increased mixing of EB in the test solutions was found to be essential in the flow-through studies to maintain stable levels. In the case of the diatom and algal studies, since current EPA test guidelines were judged to be inadequate to overcome EB volatility from the test medium, a new closed test system had to be developed and employed, after validation with a nonvolatile reference toxicant in the new and conventional static test systems. The results of these studies indicate that previous reports underestimated the potential acute @entity0 of EB by at least one order of magnitude. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the potential environmental impact of EB and the resultant regulatory actions.

title: Strategies employed to determine the acute XXXX of @entity1 , a highly volatile, poorly water-soluble chemical.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Studies are described in which @entity1 (EB) was tested to determine its acute @entity0 to three marine organisms, @entity2 ( @entity2 ), mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia), and diatoms (Skeletonema costatum), and to one freshwater algae (Selenastrum capricornutum). The respective 96-hr median lethal concentration (LC50) values and 95% confidence intervals for EB in the flow-through studies with fish and mysid shrimp were 5.1 (4.4-5.7) mg/liter and 2.6 (2.0-3.3) mg/liter. While the 96-hr median effective concentrations (EC50's) for growth inhibition and 95% confidence intervals for the static studies with diatoms and algae were 7.7 (5.9-10.0) mg/liter and 3.6 (1.7-7.6) mg/liter, respectively. Problems were encountered in all four studies as a result of the high volatility and poor water solubility of EB in water and an apparent "salting out" effect noted in seawater. This effect was found particularly true in the diatom and algae studies where the salinity was increased with the addition of culture medium. Measures are described which were used to overcome this stability problem with EB. These included sealing the test systems tight without any air spaces to prevent the collection of EB vapors. Also, increased mixing of EB in the test solutions was found to be essential in the flow-through studies to maintain stable levels. In the case of the diatom and algal studies, since current EPA test guidelines were judged to be inadequate to overcome EB volatility from the test medium, a new closed test system had to be developed and employed, after validation with a nonvolatile reference toxicant in the new and conventional static test systems. The results of these studies indicate that previous reports underestimated the potential acute @entity0 of EB by at least one order of magnitude. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to the potential environmental impact of EB and the resultant regulatory actions.

title: Strategies employed to determine the acute @entity0 of XXXX , a highly volatile, poorly water-soluble chemical.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have performed extensive analyses of T cell receptor V beta usage in the thymus, the spleen and the infiltrated islets of preclinical non-obese @entity0 (NOD) @entity1 . A semiquantitative anchored polymerase chain reaction (An-PCR) protocol has been developed for this purpose. The validity of the method has been first assessed by antibody staining with a panel of anti-V beta monoclonal antibodies (mAb). The results obtained by An-PCR are accurate, reproducible, and in good agreement with cell surface protein staining. A strict comparison between thymus and spleen repertoires reveals no major V beta-specific deletion except the already reported V beta 3 deletion due to @entity5 . Certain V beta such as V beta 15, 18, 20 are found with a low frequency in the spleen, but the fact that they are also scarce in the thymus probably reflects a poor availability of these genetic elements during beta chain rearrangement rather than negative selection. Other V beta, such as V @entity4 and V beta 14 are significantly more abundant in the spleen than in the thymus. This finding was confirmed by mAb staining for V @entity4 and V beta 14. The expansion asymmetrically affects the @entity3 + subset and can be traced back to the mature, single-positive thymocyte subset, suggesting an intrathymic positive selection event. V beta repertoires in infiltrated islets of 13- and 18-week-old, non- @entity0 @entity1 are polymorphic. Practically all the V beta found in the peripheral lymphoid tissues are present in the islets, in similar proportions. The major exception is V beta 12, one of the V beta which is subject to expansion during intrathymic differentiation and which is further augmented in the islets, both at 13 and 18 weeks. This increase probably reflects further peripheral amplification of the V beta 12-bearing subset due to encounter with the same ligand as in the thymus or with a cross-reactive motif. Finally, the @entity2 sequencing of all the V beta segments in usage in the NOD strain confirms the absence of allelic polymorphism of V beta-coding regions.

title: Anchored polymerase chain reaction based analysis of the V beta repertoire in the non-obese XXXX (NOD) @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have performed extensive analyses of T cell receptor V beta usage in the thymus, the spleen and the infiltrated islets of preclinical non-obese @entity0 (NOD) @entity1 . A semiquantitative anchored polymerase chain reaction (An-PCR) protocol has been developed for this purpose. The validity of the method has been first assessed by antibody staining with a panel of anti-V beta monoclonal antibodies (mAb). The results obtained by An-PCR are accurate, reproducible, and in good agreement with cell surface protein staining. A strict comparison between thymus and spleen repertoires reveals no major V beta-specific deletion except the already reported V beta 3 deletion due to @entity5 . Certain V beta such as V beta 15, 18, 20 are found with a low frequency in the spleen, but the fact that they are also scarce in the thymus probably reflects a poor availability of these genetic elements during beta chain rearrangement rather than negative selection. Other V beta, such as V @entity4 and V beta 14 are significantly more abundant in the spleen than in the thymus. This finding was confirmed by mAb staining for V @entity4 and V beta 14. The expansion asymmetrically affects the @entity3 + subset and can be traced back to the mature, single-positive thymocyte subset, suggesting an intrathymic positive selection event. V beta repertoires in infiltrated islets of 13- and 18-week-old, non- @entity0 @entity1 are polymorphic. Practically all the V beta found in the peripheral lymphoid tissues are present in the islets, in similar proportions. The major exception is V beta 12, one of the V beta which is subject to expansion during intrathymic differentiation and which is further augmented in the islets, both at 13 and 18 weeks. This increase probably reflects further peripheral amplification of the V beta 12-bearing subset due to encounter with the same ligand as in the thymus or with a cross-reactive motif. Finally, the @entity2 sequencing of all the V beta segments in usage in the NOD strain confirms the absence of allelic polymorphism of V beta-coding regions.

title: Anchored polymerase chain reaction based analysis of the V beta repertoire in the non-obese @entity0 (NOD) XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study compared the @entity0 resistance of teeth instrumented with ProTaper Universal (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), ProTaper Next (PTN, Dentsply Maillefer), WaveOne (Dentsply Maillefer), Twisted File (SybronEndo, Orange, CA), Mtwo (MT; VDW, M  nchen, Germany), and Revo-S (MicroMega, Besan  on, France) nickel- @entity1 systems and obturated with compatible gutta-percha cones of finishing files using the single-cone technique and a resin sealer. METHODS: The study included 72 mandibular premolar teeth. The roots were covered with additive @entity2 and placed in Eppendorf tubes, which were filled with a self-curing acrylic. The tubes were separated into 6 groups: prepared with the ProTaper Universal (F4 40/.06) (group 1), prepared with the PTN (X4 40/.06) (group 2), prepared with the WaveOne reciprocating file (40/.08) (group 3), prepared with the Twisted File (40/.04) (group 4), prepared with the MT (40/.06) (group 5), and prepared with the Revo-S (AS 40/.06) (group 6). After the preparations were completed, all the teeth were filled with the appropriate gutta-percha systems. The force (N) was applied at a 1-mm/min crosshead speed until the roots fractured. Differences among the groups were analyzed by Tukey and analysis of variance tests. RESULTS: Group 2 was the most resistant to @entity0 , and group 5 was the least resistant. The difference in the @entity0 resistance between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P  =  .019). The resistance of group 3 and group 6 to vertical root @entity0 was similar, and the resistance of group 4 was slightly lower than that of the other groups (P  =  .058). CONCLUSIONS: The roots instrumented with the MT were the least resistant, and the roots instrumented with the PTN were the most resistant to VRF.

title: Comparison of the Resistance of Teeth Instrumented with Different Nickel- XXXX Systems to Vertical Root Fracture: An In  Vitro Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Morbid @entity1 has become one of the most frequent chronic medical disorders in Western countries, affecting 1.5-2  % of the Dutch population. Currently, the laparoscopic Roux-Y gastric bypass is considered to be the most effective bariatric treatment option for morbid @entity1 as it results in adequate @entity2 and a significant decrease in comorbidity. Although this technique has been applied for years, the optimal lengths of the three bowel limbs ( @entity4 , biliopancreatic limb, and common channel) in order to achieve maximal percentage excess @entity2 with minimal side effects (i.e. malabsorption symptoms), are unknown. As 'normal' sized gastric bypasses achieve an average of 60   -   80  % excess @entity2 after one year, one could hypothesize that afferent limb lengths should be longer in order to reduce the common channel length, thereby improving outcome in terms of excess @entity2 . The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of the length of the common channel in gastric bypass surgery for morbid @entity1 . In this randomized controlled trial the very long Roux limb gastric bypass will be compared to the standard gastric bypass, in order to conclude which option is the optimal therapeutic strategy in the morbidly @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS/DESIGN: In this multicentre trial @entity0 will be randomized either to a very long Roux limb gastric bypass with a fixed common channel length of 100  cm, or to a standard gastric bypass with a variable common channel length. The primary objective is to evaluate whether the very long Roux limb gastric bypass is superior in terms of percentage excess @entity2 after one year follow-up compared to the standard gastric bypass. Secondary endpoints are quality-of-life, cure /improvement of @entity1 related comorbidity, complications, @entity3 , re-admission rate, and re-operation rate. DISCUSSION: We hypothesize that our proposed distal LRYGB will provide for improved results concerning % EWL with an acceptable rate of (metabolic) complications. Our main point of interest is to determine if the distal LRYGB is a superior alternative to standard LRYGB in terms of percentage excess @entity2 and to put more focus on the role of the common channel. Therefore we will perform this randomized controlled trial comparing both techniques, with % EWL as a primary outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CCMO registration number: NL43951.101.13 and Netherlands Trial Registry number: NTR4466.

title: Study protocol of the DUCATI-study: a randomized controlled trial investigating the optimal common channel length in laparoscopic gastric bypass for morbid XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Morbid @entity1 has become one of the most frequent chronic medical disorders in Western countries, affecting 1.5-2  % of the Dutch population. Currently, the laparoscopic Roux-Y gastric bypass is considered to be the most effective bariatric treatment option for morbid @entity1 as it results in adequate @entity2 and a significant decrease in comorbidity. Although this technique has been applied for years, the optimal lengths of the three bowel limbs ( @entity4 , biliopancreatic limb, and common channel) in order to achieve maximal percentage excess @entity2 with minimal side effects (i.e. malabsorption symptoms), are unknown. As 'normal' sized gastric bypasses achieve an average of 60   -   80  % excess @entity2 after one year, one could hypothesize that afferent limb lengths should be longer in order to reduce the common channel length, thereby improving outcome in terms of excess @entity2 . The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of the length of the common channel in gastric bypass surgery for morbid @entity1 . In this randomized controlled trial the very long Roux limb gastric bypass will be compared to the standard gastric bypass, in order to conclude which option is the optimal therapeutic strategy in the morbidly @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS/DESIGN: In this multicentre trial @entity0 will be randomized either to a very long Roux limb gastric bypass with a fixed common channel length of 100  cm, or to a standard gastric bypass with a variable common channel length. The primary objective is to evaluate whether the very long Roux limb gastric bypass is superior in terms of percentage excess @entity2 after one year follow-up compared to the standard gastric bypass. Secondary endpoints are quality-of-life, cure /improvement of @entity1 related comorbidity, complications, @entity3 , re-admission rate, and re-operation rate. DISCUSSION: We hypothesize that our proposed distal LRYGB will provide for improved results concerning % EWL with an acceptable rate of (metabolic) complications. Our main point of interest is to determine if the distal LRYGB is a superior alternative to standard LRYGB in terms of percentage excess @entity2 and to put more focus on the role of the common channel. Therefore we will perform this randomized controlled trial comparing both techniques, with % EWL as a primary outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION: CCMO registration number: NL43951.101.13 and Netherlands Trial Registry number: NTR4466.

title: Study protocol of the DUCATI-study: a randomized controlled trial investigating the optimal common channel length in laparoscopic gastric bypass for morbid @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcomes of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), a review of 15 @entity0 who underwent aortic bypass replacement following aortorenal thrombectomy, especially focusing on the safety of suprarenal aortic clamping or transient aortic compression, was undertaken. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During the period of June 2001 to November 2012, 15 @entity0 with @entity4 (chronic 10, acute 5) were analyzed retrospectively. @entity4 with combined stenosis of the renal artery was found in 2 @entity0 , renal artery thrombus in 8 @entity0 , and normal in 5 @entity0 . RESULTS: All @entity0 were males. Mean age was 61.7  11.2 years. There were 14 aortobifemoral bypass grafting and 1 aortobiiliac bypass grafting. Six Dacron and 9 PTFE artificial Y-grafts were implanted to the aorta with end-to-end @entity3 in the proximal aorta. Suprarenal aortic clamping was performed in 7 @entity0 , supraceliac clamping in 2 @entity0 , and transient aortic compression in 6 @entity0 . There were 13 cases with aortic clamping time <10 minutes and 2 cases with >10 minutes. @entity1 was performed in 10 (66.7%) @entity0 . There were no operative mortality cases. The perioperative morbidity rate was 26.7% (4/15). @entity2 was impaired in four @entity0 . The renal functions of these cases were recovered postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Aortic bypass replacement following aortorenal thrombectomy with suprarenal aortic clamping or transient aortic compression for @entity4 is the optimal treatment. It is important to focus on short renal ischemic time during suprarenal aortic clamping for prevention of @entity1 . It provides unmatched perioperative and long-term results.

title: Experiences of Surgical Treatment for Juxtarenal XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A 51-year-old @entity0 had suffered from massive @entity3 due to invasion of malignant cells. The analysis of bone marrow aspiration showed the proliferation of myeloperoxidase-positive blasts. The surface marker analysis of the blasts revealed the positivities for @entity6 and @entity1 as well as @entity8 , @entity2 and @entity4 , while the karyotypes of 20 cells were normal. Therefore, @entity6 positive @entity5 was diagnosed. The @entity0 was treated with araC and @entity7 as a remission induction therapy. Peripheral blood stem cells were harvested by leukapheresis after first and second consolidation therapies. Then, 3 x 10(4) cells/kg of CFU-GM were infused. Complete remission has been maintained for 8 months after autologous blood stem cell transplantation. Pleural involvement as an initial manifestation is rare in @entity5 . Extramedullary growth of @entity5 cells may be related to their immaturity, indicated by the expression of the cell surface antigens.

title: [ XXXX positive acute myelogenous leukemia exhibiting pleural involvement as an initial manifestation].

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postpartum parental mental health problems pose a serious risk for @entity0 development and often remain undetected in postpartum primary care. Within the framework of the German Midwifes Prevention Study, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of postpartum emotional distress in mothers and fathers, and the detection of distressed parents by midwives in a primary care setting. We also examined whether a temporal extension of the postpartum midwife care period is associated with greater use of midwife contacts and higher rates of referral to further professional support if needed. METHODS: Mothers, fathers, and midwives filled out questionnaires at 2   weeks (t 1) and 6   months (t 2) postpartum. Compared to standard care in the control group (CG), midwives in an intervention group (IG) offered extended postpartum care of 6   months postpartum. @entity3 was assessed using the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS). Midwives reported on parental @entity2 as well as the number of postpartum contacts and referrals to additional social- and health-care providers. RESULTS: Based on their ratings, midwives identified half of mothers and around one-quarter of fathers with @entity1 according to the EPDS at t 1 and t 2. IG mothers used significantly more midwife contacts than CG mothers. IG mothers with high-postnatal @entity2 at t 2 used significantly more contacts than mothers with lower levels of distress. IG mothers with high- @entity2 at t 2 were referred to additional support services more often than mothers with lower levels of distress.

title: Early Detection of Postpartum XXXX in Mothers and Fathers and Its Relation to Midwives' Evaluation and Service Provision: A Community-Based Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Peripheral blood @entity6 in @entity0 can be due to a variety of acquired or @entity1 . @entity1 affecting a single hematopoietic lineage are frequently characterized by typical @entity2 findings, such as lack of progenitors or @entity9 arrest in @entity15 or a lack of megakaryocytes in @entity3 , whereas antibody-mediated diseases such as @entity5 are associated with a rather unremarkable @entity2 morphology. By contrast, @entity11 is frequently associated with a hypocellular @entity2 , and the differential diagnosis includes acquired @entity8 , @entity10 , inherited @entity7 such as @entity16 and @entity13 , and a variety of @entity4 including @entity14 . Thorough @entity2 analysis is of special importance for the diagnostic work-up of most @entity0 . Cellularity, cellular composition, and @entity12 signs are the cornerstones of the differential diagnosis. @entity11 in the presence of a normo- or @entity2 with @entity12 changes may indicate @entity10 . More challenging for the hematologist is the evaluation of the hypocellular @entity2 . Although @entity8 and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) can reliably be differentiated on a morphological level, the overlapping pathophysiology remains a significant challenge for the choice of the therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, inherited @entity7 are usually associated with the morphological picture of @entity6 , and the recognition of these entities is essential as they often present a multisystem disease requiring different diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This paper gives an overview over the different disease entities presenting with (pan) @entity6 , their pathophysiology, characteristic @entity2 findings, and therapeutic approaches.

title: Missing Cells: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of (Pan) XXXX in Childhood.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity3 (1-[2,3,4-trimethoxibenzyl)]-piperazine, @entity4 ) is a drug with a proposed metabolically based antiischemic action. Because @entity5 is a serious complication of @entity2 and is considered metabolic in origin, we studied the effect of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) on development of @entity5 in experimental low-flow @entity2 . @entity4 was either added to the perfusion fluid or given as pretreatment to the donor @entity1 . Langendorff-perfused isolated @entity1 hearts were submitted to 30-min subtotal global @entity2 (residual flow = 0.2 ml/min, n = 6 per group) (normal flow = 12.4 +/- 0.8 ml/min, heart fresh weight = 0.9 +/- 0.3 g). @entity5 was measured by a water-filled intraventricular balloon. Thereafter, the hearts were reperfused for 20 min and recovery of intraventricular pressure was monitored. Furthermore, because the mechanisms of action of @entity4 may involve cellular energy metabolism, we assessed throughout glycolytic flux by collecting the coronary effluent every 5 min during control perfusion, @entity2 , and reperfusion periods. Animals from the pretreated groups received @entity4 [3 mg/kg orally (p.o.) twice daily] for 5 days. Animals from the control group received placebo for the same time period. Concentrations of 10(-6) and 10(-4) M were used when the drug was added to the perfusate. In our experimental conditions, @entity4 pretreatment alone had no measurable cardioprotective effect, but addition to the perfusate of @entity4 10(-6) M, approximately a therapeutic concentration in @entity0 , reduced @entity5 in both pretreated and control groups and improved postischemic recovery of developed pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of @entity3 on XXXX in isolated perfused @entity1 hearts.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity3 (1-[2,3,4-trimethoxibenzyl)]-piperazine, @entity4 ) is a drug with a proposed metabolically based antiischemic action. Because @entity5 is a serious complication of @entity2 and is considered metabolic in origin, we studied the effect of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) on development of @entity5 in experimental low-flow @entity2 . @entity4 was either added to the perfusion fluid or given as pretreatment to the donor @entity1 . Langendorff-perfused isolated @entity1 hearts were submitted to 30-min subtotal global @entity2 (residual flow = 0.2 ml/min, n = 6 per group) (normal flow = 12.4 +/- 0.8 ml/min, heart fresh weight = 0.9 +/- 0.3 g). @entity5 was measured by a water-filled intraventricular balloon. Thereafter, the hearts were reperfused for 20 min and recovery of intraventricular pressure was monitored. Furthermore, because the mechanisms of action of @entity4 may involve cellular energy metabolism, we assessed throughout glycolytic flux by collecting the coronary effluent every 5 min during control perfusion, @entity2 , and reperfusion periods. Animals from the pretreated groups received @entity4 [3 mg/kg orally (p.o.) twice daily] for 5 days. Animals from the control group received placebo for the same time period. Concentrations of 10(-6) and 10(-4) M were used when the drug was added to the perfusate. In our experimental conditions, @entity4 pretreatment alone had no measurable cardioprotective effect, but addition to the perfusate of @entity4 10(-6) M, approximately a therapeutic concentration in @entity0 , reduced @entity5 in both pretreated and control groups and improved postischemic recovery of developed pressure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of XXXX on @entity5 in isolated perfused @entity1 hearts.

answer: @entity3