abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To prospectively evaluate the safety and effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) by using a multiple-electrode switching system to treat 2.0-5.0-cm @entity1 . Materials and Methods The institutional review board approved this prospective phase II study. Written informed consent was obtained from all @entity0 . Between September 2009 and July 2011, RFA using two or three radiofrequency (RF) electrodes and a multiple-electrode switching system was performed for @entity1 with a maximum @entity2 diameter of 2.0-5.0 cm in nonsurgical candidates. The primary endpoint was safety, as evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. @entity0 were observed for at least 1 year. Local @entity2 progression and overall survival were analyzed with the Kaplan-Meier method. Results Thirty-three @entity0 (26 @entity0 , seven @entity0 ; mean age, 70.5 years    10.0; age range, 46-87 years) with 35 @entity1 with a mean maximum diameter of 3.0 cm    0.7 (standard deviation; range, 2.0-4.4 cm) underwent treatment in 35 sessions. No procedure-related @entity3 or grade 4 adverse events (AEs) occurred. Grade 3 AEs occurred in four @entity0 (12%), with @entity6 requiring chest tube placement in two @entity0 , pneumothorax requiring @entity4 in one @entity0 , and @entity5 requiring pulmonary artery coil embolization in one @entity0 . Grade 2 AEs were detected in 13 @entity0 (39%). The 1-year local @entity2 progression and overall survival rates were 12.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.0, 25.5) and 81.2% (95% CI: 67.6, 94.8). Conclusion RFA with a multiple-electrode switching system may be a safe therapeutic option with which to treat 2.0-5.0-cm lung cancer @entity2 . (  ) RSNA, 2015.

title: Radiofrequency Ablation Using a Multiple-Electrode Switching System for XXXX with 2.0-5.0-cm Maximum Diameter: Phase II Clinical Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis of relationship between sperm pathology and elevated humoral and/or cell-mediated antisperm @entity1 in male partners from infertile couples. DESIGN: Analytic study. SETTING: Department of Immunobiology, Institute for the Care of Mother and @entity0 , Prague. METHODS: Sperm samples were evaluated according to WHO rules. Sperm-bound antisperm autoantibodies (ASA) were determined by SpermMar Test (FertiPro N. V., Sint-Martens-Latem, Belgium). For evaluation of cell-mediated antisperm @entity1 (CMAA) the authors used their own modification of migration-inhibition test (Dimitrov et al., J. Immunol. Methods 154: 147, 1992). RESULTS: The pool of @entity0 was divided into groups according to the result of sperm examination: normozoospermia (740 @entity0 ), @entity3 (244), teratozoospermia (191), oligoasthenozoospermia levis (61), oligoasthenozoospermia gravis (29), oligoteratozoospermia (82), and @entity2 (54). Subgroup of fertile @entity0 (32) consisted of normozoospermic @entity0 --fathers of @entity0 younger than 3 years. Percentage of sperm-bound ASA-positive samples was significantly higher in @entity3 in comparison with normozoospermia in both IgA (20.8% versus 10.6%) and IgG classes (13.8% vs 6.8%). Positivity of CMAA was significantly more frequent in group of asthenozoospermic (52%) than in normozoospermic (28.5%) and fertile (12.5%) men. CONCLUSION: Antisperm @entity1 , namely its cell-mediated form, appears to play a significant role in impairment of spermiogenesis. Sperm-bound autoantibodies were found more frequently in @entity3 , but also in some @entity0 with normozoospermia they may impair fertility.

title: [Role of sperm antibodies and cellular XXXX to sperm in the pathogenesis of male infertility].

answer: @entity1


abstract: As a response to the UK Health Department's "two week @entity1 wait" initiative a one stop @entity4 clinic based on a nurse endoscopist was introduced, and the first 100 cases attending this clinic have been audited. After referral on a purpose designed form, @entity0 were assessed by a gastroenterologist and then investigated at the same visit--where possible and appropriate--by endoscopy or ultrasound scan. All endoscopies were performed by a trained nurse specialist. Of the 100 @entity0 , 84 were gastroscoped the same day and 11 had an ultrasound scan. Inappropriate tests were avoided in 16% of referrals. The commonest endoscopic diagnoses were minor oesophageal or gastroduodenal @entity2 (64% of gastroscopies). Only six oesophageal or @entity3 were found--all at an advanced stage--and three further @entity1 were diagnosed. Only a minority (12%) of the @entity0 with "alarm symptoms" had @entity1 . The waiting time for an appointment rose progressively during the first six months of the clinic. The system was popular with @entity0 as most of them (70%) were dealt with at a single hospital attendance. Basing the endoscopy practice on a trained nurse specialist not only facilitated the creation of the service by maximising the use of scarce resources, but also improved communication and overall management of @entity0 .

title: Audit of a nurse endoscopist based one stop XXXX clinic.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility and to determine the repeatability of recurrent @entity3 PET scans in @entity0 with oesophageal (EC) and @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 32 @entity0 were scanned in total; seven @entity0 (4 EC/3 PC) were scanned 2, 3 and 4h post injection (PI) of @entity3 and 25 @entity0 (15 EC/10 PC) were scanned twice 3.5h PI, on two separate days (median 4, range 1-9days). Maximum @entity1 to background ratio (TBRmax) and the @entity1 (HV) (TBR>1.0) were calculated. Repeatability was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis. Agreement in localization was calculated as the distance between the centres of mass in the HVs. RESULTS: For EC, the TBRmax in the @entity1 (mean  SD) was 1.87  0.46 with a coefficient of repeatability (CoR) of 0.53 (28% of mean). The HV ranged from 3.4 to 98.8ml with a CoR of 5.1ml. For PC, the TBRmax was 1.72  0.23 with a CoR of 0.27 (16% of mean). The HV ranged from 4.6 to 104.0ml with a CoR of 7.8ml. The distance between the centres of mass in the HV was 2.2  1.3mm for EC and 2.1  1.5mm for PC. CONCLUSIONS: PET scanning with @entity3 was feasible in both EC and PC @entity0 . Amount and location of elevated @entity3 uptake showed good repeatability, suggesting @entity3 PET could be a promising tool for radiation therapy planning and treatment response monitoring in EC and PC @entity0 .

title: Feasibility and repeatability of PET with the hypoxia tracer @entity3 in oesophageal and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To investigate the feasibility and to determine the repeatability of recurrent @entity3 PET scans in @entity0 with oesophageal (EC) and @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: 32 @entity0 were scanned in total; seven @entity0 (4 EC/3 PC) were scanned 2, 3 and 4h post injection (PI) of @entity3 and 25 @entity0 (15 EC/10 PC) were scanned twice 3.5h PI, on two separate days (median 4, range 1-9days). Maximum @entity1 to background ratio (TBRmax) and the @entity1 (HV) (TBR>1.0) were calculated. Repeatability was assessed using Bland-Altman analysis. Agreement in localization was calculated as the distance between the centres of mass in the HVs. RESULTS: For EC, the TBRmax in the @entity1 (mean  SD) was 1.87  0.46 with a coefficient of repeatability (CoR) of 0.53 (28% of mean). The HV ranged from 3.4 to 98.8ml with a CoR of 5.1ml. For PC, the TBRmax was 1.72  0.23 with a CoR of 0.27 (16% of mean). The HV ranged from 4.6 to 104.0ml with a CoR of 7.8ml. The distance between the centres of mass in the HV was 2.2  1.3mm for EC and 2.1  1.5mm for PC. CONCLUSIONS: PET scanning with @entity3 was feasible in both EC and PC @entity0 . Amount and location of elevated @entity3 uptake showed good repeatability, suggesting @entity3 PET could be a promising tool for radiation therapy planning and treatment response monitoring in EC and PC @entity0 .

title: Feasibility and repeatability of PET with the hypoxia tracer XXXX in oesophageal and @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The purpose of the oncogenetic consultation, is to respond to @entity1 who wonder about their risk of developing a @entity2 and wish to learn about ways of prevention and detection. The object of this investigation is (1) to study the impact of a first consultation in genetics on the quality of life and the psychology of @entity1 with a family history of @entity2 , and @entity1 with or without family antecedents but who suffered themselves from @entity0 at an early age (< or = 35 years); (2) to evaluate their risk perception and their comprehension of the information after the consultation. The study was performed on 200 @entity1 attending a first consultation at Institut Curie. Fifty-nine of them had no @entity2 . Among the 141 consultants with @entity2 , 54 had developed @entity0 at an early age (< or = 35 years). Their quality of life, their psychological state and their knowledge of the risk of @entity0 were evaluated before consulting and 6-8 months afterwards. Before consulting, their quality of life was altered in some (non-relational) fields but their psychic condition was relatively maintained. Six-nine months after consulting, their quality of life had not deteriorated, but tests results on their psychological state were not as good. The @entity3 , itself related to the medical status of the consulting @entity1 , was the most significant predictor of their quality of life a few months after their first genetics consultation. After consulting, the @entity1 expressed satisfaction with the information delivered by the genetician and their appreciation of @entity2 risks was improved.

title: [Psychosocial impact of the first oncogenetic consultation in a familial context of XXXX of the breast and the ovary].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Upregulation of cyclin E and @entity6 -6 accelerates the transition from G1 to S phase. The objective of this study was to determine if @entity6 and E are prognostic indicators in @entity4 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Surgically-treated @entity0 with @entity4 had their @entity1 stained for nuclear expression of @entity6 . Quantification of staining and measurement of growth phase fraction were performed using image analysis. FIGO stage, grade, and histology were also analyzed. RESULTS: @entity6 and E expression was unrelated to DNA index (p = 0.93). While @entity6 expression did not correlate with S+G2M phase fraction (p = 0.69), increased cyclin E expression was directly correlated with increased S+G2M phase fraction (p = 0.002). Cyclin E expression was highest in clear cell @entity2 (p = 0.042) while @entity6 expression was highest in @entity5 (p = 0.028). @entity0 dying from @entity1 had significantly higher expression of @entity6 (p = 0.042) and E (p = 0.02) as compared to @entity0 surviving their disease. Multivariate logistic regression revealed FIGO stage, grade, and lack of cyclin E overexpression to be independent prognostic indicators of survival. CONCLUSION: Cyclin E expression is related to @entity3 , clear cell histology, and decreased survival in @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Cyclin E is overexpressed by clear cell XXXX of the endometrium and is a prognostic indicator of survival.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A 12-year-old @entity0 was referred to our hospital because of persistent @entity4 with @entity3 . He was found to have @entity5 by a school mass-screening and visited a hospital, where a routine examination revealed @entity3 of 190 mg/d/, @entity4 of 2+ and anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) of 1: 320 with a speckled pattern. The other laboratory findings, including anti-DNA antibody were unremarkable. Hypocomplementemia was not seen. Although he had no disabilities and manifestations suggesting @entity6 , @entity5 persisted. Percutaneous renal biopsy findings demonstrated stage II diffuse @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Neither @entity7 virus antigens and antibodies nor @entity8 virus antibody were detected in his sera. Thus, the diagnosis of idiopathic @entity2 was made. Initiation of a 6-month course of alternate-day @entity1 (an initial dosage at 30 mg) combined with an anti-thrombocyte agent resulted in gradual subsidence of the @entity5 and ANA titer. Although pathogenesis of his @entity2 remains speculative, possible activation of autoimmunities, which led to ANA positivity, might be responsible.

title: [A XXXX case of idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis associated with isolated anti-nuclear antibody detected by urine mass-screening of school @entity0 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: A 12-year-old @entity0 was referred to our hospital because of persistent @entity4 with @entity3 . He was found to have @entity5 by a school mass-screening and visited a hospital, where a routine examination revealed @entity3 of 190 mg/d/, @entity4 of 2+ and anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) of 1: 320 with a speckled pattern. The other laboratory findings, including anti-DNA antibody were unremarkable. Hypocomplementemia was not seen. Although he had no disabilities and manifestations suggesting @entity6 , @entity5 persisted. Percutaneous renal biopsy findings demonstrated stage II diffuse @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Neither @entity7 virus antigens and antibodies nor @entity8 virus antibody were detected in his sera. Thus, the diagnosis of idiopathic @entity2 was made. Initiation of a 6-month course of alternate-day @entity1 (an initial dosage at 30 mg) combined with an anti-thrombocyte agent resulted in gradual subsidence of the @entity5 and ANA titer. Although pathogenesis of his @entity2 remains speculative, possible activation of autoimmunities, which led to ANA positivity, might be responsible.

title: [A @entity0 case of idiopathic membranous glomerulonephritis associated with isolated anti-nuclear antibody detected by urine mass-screening of school XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 is the most severe problem in the high-pressure systemic circulation and similar changes also occur in the high-pressure loading valve. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that early @entity3 , induced by a high @entity1 diet in @entity0 , is characterized by significant ultrastructural change in the elastic laminae of the aortic valve. However, it is not known whether this process is also taking place in the cardiac valve at the early stage of @entity3 . Animals were fed either a high @entity1 diet (n = 5) or a control diet (n = 5) for 10-12 weeks. Histologic analysis demonstrated that subendothelial thickening and foam-cell infiltration were evident in the arterialis of aortic valves. Confocal microscopy revealed an altered pattern characterized by fragmentation and disorganization of the arterialis elastic laminae of @entity2 . Computerized digital analysis of the images obtained by confocal scanning microscopy demonstrated that compared to normal valves, the arterialis elastic laminae of @entity2 decreased in percentage of their @entity5 content (29.03 +/- 1.10% vs. 42.94 +/- 1.35%, p = 0.023). Immunohistochemical staining for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) revealed @entity4 immunoreactivity was increased in @entity2 , predominantly in the arterialis. This study demonstrated that early @entity3 , induced by a high @entity1 diet in @entity0 , is characterized by significant ultrastructural change in the elastic laminae of the aortic valve. The arterialis endothelium of the aortic valve may be a more @entity3 -prone area compared with the ventricularis. The presence of ultrastructural defect in the elastic laminae may play a role in chronic @entity2 .

title: Experimental hypercholesterolemia induces ultrastructural changes in the elastic laminae of XXXX aortic valve.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To investigate the mechanism of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), monophasic action potentials (MAPs) from the @entity1 were studied in 7 @entity0 with paroxysmal @entity1 (PAF) and in 7 control individuals. The MAPs were recorded using a contact catheter during sinus rhythm and continuous pacing at the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with pacing cycle lengths of 600, 500 and 400 ms. MAPs were obtained from 6 sites in each @entity0 . The MAPD90 was measured from onset to 90% of MAP repolarization. Average, maximal and minimal MAPD90 (avMAPD90, maxMAPD90 and minMAPD90) were obtained from all @entity0 . The dispersion of MAPD90 (dispMAPD90) was defined as the difference between maxMAPD90 and minMAPD90. The width of each atrial potential (WAP) and the wavelength index (WLI=MAPD90/WAP) were determined. Average, maximal and minimal WLI (avWLI, maxWLI and minWLI) were obtained from all @entity0 . The avMAPD90 and maxMAPD90 did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. The minMAPD90 in the PAF group was significantly smaller than that in the control group at @entity2 pacing with cycle lengths of 500 and 400 ms (210+/-18ms vs 245+/-14 ms, p<0.05; 207+/-23 ms vs 238+/-20 ms, p<0.05; respectively). The dispMAPD90 was significantly longer in the PAF group than in the control group during sinus and @entity2 pacing. The WAP value did not differ between the 2 groups. The minWLI in the PAF group was significantly smaller than that in the control group at @entity2 pacing with cycle lengths of 500 and 400 ms (3.3+/-0.5 vs 3.8+/-0.3, p<0.05; 3.2+/-0.4 vs 3.7+/-0.3, p<0.02). A shortened and widened dispersion of atrial refractoriness may play an important role in the genesis of @entity1 . Furthermore, smaller wavelengths may form in the atrium of @entity0 with PAF.

title: Monophasic action potentials of the right atrium in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: To investigate the mechanism of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), monophasic action potentials (MAPs) from the @entity1 were studied in 7 @entity0 with paroxysmal @entity1 (PAF) and in 7 control individuals. The MAPs were recorded using a contact catheter during sinus rhythm and continuous pacing at the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with pacing cycle lengths of 600, 500 and 400 ms. MAPs were obtained from 6 sites in each @entity0 . The MAPD90 was measured from onset to 90% of MAP repolarization. Average, maximal and minimal MAPD90 (avMAPD90, maxMAPD90 and minMAPD90) were obtained from all @entity0 . The dispersion of MAPD90 (dispMAPD90) was defined as the difference between maxMAPD90 and minMAPD90. The width of each atrial potential (WAP) and the wavelength index (WLI=MAPD90/WAP) were determined. Average, maximal and minimal WLI (avWLI, maxWLI and minWLI) were obtained from all @entity0 . The avMAPD90 and maxMAPD90 did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. The minMAPD90 in the PAF group was significantly smaller than that in the control group at @entity2 pacing with cycle lengths of 500 and 400 ms (210+/-18ms vs 245+/-14 ms, p<0.05; 207+/-23 ms vs 238+/-20 ms, p<0.05; respectively). The dispMAPD90 was significantly longer in the PAF group than in the control group during sinus and @entity2 pacing. The WAP value did not differ between the 2 groups. The minWLI in the PAF group was significantly smaller than that in the control group at @entity2 pacing with cycle lengths of 500 and 400 ms (3.3+/-0.5 vs 3.8+/-0.3, p<0.05; 3.2+/-0.4 vs 3.7+/-0.3, p<0.02). A shortened and widened dispersion of atrial refractoriness may play an important role in the genesis of @entity1 . Furthermore, smaller wavelengths may form in the atrium of @entity0 with PAF.

title: Monophasic action potentials of the right atrium in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of using a generic tape tailored from type 1 monofilamentous, macroporous @entity4 mesh during transobturator tape (TOT) surgery. METHODS: A prospective study was performed in a tertiary center in Cairo, Egypt, between July 2004 and December 2013. @entity0 with stress @entity1 scheduled for TOT surgery using the outside-in technique were recruited. Monarc tape was used in all @entity0 until November 2005, after which it was used for @entity0 who could afford it only; generic tape was used in the other @entity0 . The primary outcome measures were the objective and subjective cure rates. RESULTS: Overall, 431 @entity0 were included in analyses. After 5years of follow-up, objective cure was achieved in 143 (94.1%) of 152 @entity0 who received Monarc tape and 249 (89.2%) of 279 who received the generic tape (P=0.135). Subjective cure was achieved in 121 (79.6%) @entity0 who received the Monarc tape and 236 (84.6%) @entity0 who received the generic tape (P=0.229). There were no significant between-group differences in postoperative urgency, de novo urgency, urge @entity1 , @entity3 , urinary retention, @entity2 , or the frequency of TOT-related reoperation or repeat anti- @entity1 procedures. CONCLUSION: The TOT outside-in procedure can be easily, safely, and effectively performed in low-resource settings using a generic @entity4 tape.

title: Treatment of stress XXXX with a generic transobturator tape.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The causes of @entity2 remain incompletely known, but a higher incidence in @entity0 than in @entity0 has prompted an interest in the role of female sex hormones and reproductive history. Available epidemiological data are, however, contradictory. We analyzed possible associations between parity, age at first birth, and the risk of developing @entity2 by a linkage between the Swedish @entity1 Register and a nationwide Fertility Register. Among @entity0 born between 1925 and 1972, 917 cases with @entity2 and concomitant fertility information were identified. For each case @entity0 , five age-matched controls were randomly selected among @entity0 in the Fertility Register. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios of @entity2 associated with a birth. We found a slightly and nonsignificantly reduced risk of @entity2 in ever-parous compared with nulliparous @entity0 . Among parous @entity0 , the number of @entity0 was unrelated to risk, whereas there was some evidence of an increased risk with late age at first birth in @entity0 under age 45 at diagnosis. No clear temporal relations between childbearing and subsequent risk were discernible in any parity or age group. Although uncontrolled confounding might have affected our results, they do not indicate that hormonal or immunological changes associated with childbearing play a role in the development of @entity2 .

title: Childbearing and the risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been an established treatment for @entity2 for decades, there is limited information on its long-term clinical efficacy. We have followed up the clinical status of @entity0 having @entity1 with a 30- or 35-mm balloon by one of us (D.O.C.) over a 25-year period. Of 144 @entity0 whose initial records were available for review, 31 could not be contacted. Of the remaining 113 @entity0 , 72 (64%) responded to a questionnaire assessing swallowing status and @entity0 satisfaction, and this forms the basis of this report. There were 32 @entity0 and 40 @entity0 , with mean age 46 years (range: 17-78); mean length of follow-up since @entity1 was 6.5 years (range: 10 months to 25 years). Success was primarily defined by the need for no additional therapy for @entity2 other than one or two @entity1 's. @entity1 was effective long-term treatment in 61/72 @entity0 (85%); only four of these required a second @entity1 over this time interval. There was no significant difference in any of the following parameters between @entity0 with a treatment success or failure: age, sex, size of pneumatic dilator, and duration of symptoms prior to @entity1 . Response was significantly better (P < 0.05) in @entity0 having no prior dilatation (43/47; 91%) than in those in whom another physician had performed prior dilatation (18/25; 72%). In response to the question of whether they would select @entity1 again, 68 @entity0 (94%) responded positively. In conclusion, @entity1 performed using a consistent technique by an experienced physician is effective long-term therapy for @entity2 @entity0 of all ages. Most @entity0 require only one dilatation.

title: @entity1 is effective long-term treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been an established treatment for @entity2 for decades, there is limited information on its long-term clinical efficacy. We have followed up the clinical status of @entity0 having @entity1 with a 30- or 35-mm balloon by one of us (D.O.C.) over a 25-year period. Of 144 @entity0 whose initial records were available for review, 31 could not be contacted. Of the remaining 113 @entity0 , 72 (64%) responded to a questionnaire assessing swallowing status and @entity0 satisfaction, and this forms the basis of this report. There were 32 @entity0 and 40 @entity0 , with mean age 46 years (range: 17-78); mean length of follow-up since @entity1 was 6.5 years (range: 10 months to 25 years). Success was primarily defined by the need for no additional therapy for @entity2 other than one or two @entity1 's. @entity1 was effective long-term treatment in 61/72 @entity0 (85%); only four of these required a second @entity1 over this time interval. There was no significant difference in any of the following parameters between @entity0 with a treatment success or failure: age, sex, size of pneumatic dilator, and duration of symptoms prior to @entity1 . Response was significantly better (P < 0.05) in @entity0 having no prior dilatation (43/47; 91%) than in those in whom another physician had performed prior dilatation (18/25; 72%). In response to the question of whether they would select @entity1 again, 68 @entity0 (94%) responded positively. In conclusion, @entity1 performed using a consistent technique by an experienced physician is effective long-term therapy for @entity2 @entity0 of all ages. Most @entity0 require only one dilatation.

title: XXXX is effective long-term treatment for @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Little is known about the regulation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascades by hormonal stimulation in vivo. The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are two MAP kinase signaling pathways that could play a role in the cellular response to hormones such as insulin and @entity1 . We studied the effects of insulin (20 U/ @entity0 ) and @entity1 (25 microg/100 g body wt) injected in vivo on @entity2 and @entity3 signaling in skeletal muscle from @entity0 . Insulin significantly increased @entity2 phosphorylation and the activity of its downstream substrate, the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2), by 1.4-fold, but it had no effect on @entity3 activity. In contrast, @entity1 had no effect on @entity2 phosphorylation or RSK2 activity, but it increased @entity3 activity by twofold, an effect that was inhibited by the presence of combined alpha and beta blockade. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of both p46 and @entity5 isoforms of @entity3 , measured by phosphospecific antibody, was increased severalfold. The activity and phosphorylation of MAP kinase kinase ( @entity4 , an upstream regulator of @entity3 , was unchanged by @entity1 . Incubation of isolated soleus muscles in vitro with @entity1 (10(-5) mol/l) also increased @entity3 activity by twofold. These data are the first to demonstrate that @entity1 can increase @entity3 activity. Insulin and @entity1 have different effects on MAP kinase signaling pathways in skeletal muscle, which may be one of the underlying molecular mechanisms through which these hormones regulate opposing metabolic functions.

title: XXXX and insulin stimulate different mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in @entity0 skeletal muscle.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Little is known about the regulation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascades by hormonal stimulation in vivo. The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are two MAP kinase signaling pathways that could play a role in the cellular response to hormones such as insulin and @entity1 . We studied the effects of insulin (20 U/ @entity0 ) and @entity1 (25 microg/100 g body wt) injected in vivo on @entity2 and @entity3 signaling in skeletal muscle from @entity0 . Insulin significantly increased @entity2 phosphorylation and the activity of its downstream substrate, the p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 2 (RSK2), by 1.4-fold, but it had no effect on @entity3 activity. In contrast, @entity1 had no effect on @entity2 phosphorylation or RSK2 activity, but it increased @entity3 activity by twofold, an effect that was inhibited by the presence of combined alpha and beta blockade. Furthermore, the phosphorylation of both p46 and @entity5 isoforms of @entity3 , measured by phosphospecific antibody, was increased severalfold. The activity and phosphorylation of MAP kinase kinase ( @entity4 , an upstream regulator of @entity3 , was unchanged by @entity1 . Incubation of isolated soleus muscles in vitro with @entity1 (10(-5) mol/l) also increased @entity3 activity by twofold. These data are the first to demonstrate that @entity1 can increase @entity3 activity. Insulin and @entity1 have different effects on MAP kinase signaling pathways in skeletal muscle, which may be one of the underlying molecular mechanisms through which these hormones regulate opposing metabolic functions.

title: @entity1 and insulin stimulate different mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in XXXX skeletal muscle.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is an important tool for the estimate of @entity3 risk through the measurement of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Similarly, multisite quantitate ultrasound can prospectively predict future @entity3 through the measurement of speed of sound (SOS). This investigation compared @entity1 (at the femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine) and SOS measures (at the distal radius, tibia, and phalanx sites) in a large sample of randomly-selected and community-based individuals from the Canadian Multicentre @entity2 Study. Furthermore, mass, height, and age were also compared with both measures. There were 4123 @entity0 included with an age range of 30-96.8  yr. Pearson product moment correlations between @entity1 and SOS measures were low (0.21-0.29; all p  <  0.001), irrespective of site. Mass was moderately correlated with @entity1 measures (0.40-0.58; p  <  0.001), but lowly correlated with SOS measures (0.03-0.13; p  <  0.05). @entity1 and SOS were negatively correlated to age (-0.17 to -0.44; p  <  0.001). When regression analyses were performed to predict SOS measures at the 3 sites, the models predicted 20%-23% of the variance, leaving 77%-80% unaccounted for. The SOS measures in this study were found to be largely independent from @entity1 measures. In areas with no or limited access to DXA, the multisite quantitative ultrasound may act as a valuable tool to assess @entity3 risk. In locales with liberal access to DXA, the addition of SOS to @entity1 and other clinical risk factors may improve the identification of those @entity0 at high risk for future @entity3 .

title: Comparison of Speed of Sound Measures Assessed by Multisite Quantitative Ultrasound to Bone Mineral Density Measures Assessed by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry in a Large Canadian Cohort: the Canadian Multicentre XXXX Study (CaMos).

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 is a serious health and social problem, also in Poland. The epidemiological data indicate that the problem of @entity1 concerns approximately 4 million @entity0 in Poland, whereas almost approximately 70% of them have no diagnosis and are not aware of their illness, and on the other hand in 39% of @entity0 who declared the diagnosis of @entity1 in a survey the diagnosis was negatively verified (overdiagnosis of @entity1 ). So far, no detailed comparative studies for @entity1 incidence rate in urban and rural areas were conducted in Poland. The aim of the study was to analyze @entity0 with @entity1 in Poland in the years 2008-2012, with regard to province and type of commune (rural/urban). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study used data from National Health Fund (NFZ) - reported by health care providers regarding the @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 . Using structured query language (SQL) a set of @entity0 was selected and created, for whom at the same time ICD-10 code: J45.X-bronchial @entity1 was reported. In order to estimate the number of @entity0 with @entity1 we used the PESEL social security number as a unique identifier of the @entity0 . Code of the @entity0 ' @entity2 of residence in conjunction with the Central Statistical Office data formed the basis for the division of municipalities into urban and rural areas. The analysis of @entity1 incidence trends in Poland was performed on the basis of health services provided to @entity0 . The analysis was performed by using the Statistica 10 software using a negative binomial regression model. RESULTS: In 2009 a significant increase in the number of @entity0 with @entity1 was observed compared with the previous year, whereas after 2009 the number of @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 remained relatively constant. A significant increase of predominance of @entity0 among @entity1 @entity0 in recent years can be noticed: from 107% in 2008 to almost 115% in 2012 (F:M ratio). Regardless of the analyzed year and the diagnosis the incidence rate remained constant: approximately 55-57% for urban areas and about 43-45% in rural areas. CONCLUSIONS: The average prevalence rate for rural areas is significantly lower than for urban areas. The use of adjusted incidence rate leads to the conclusion that the number of sufferers in urban areas is higher (about 10%) of the number of sufferers in the rural areas. The results of the analysis are consistent with information from previous studies in Poland and in the world.

title: Epidemiology of XXXX in Poland in urban and rural areas, based on provided health care services.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Photosystem II (PSII) contains a redox-active @entity0 , D. Difference FT-IR spectroscopy can be used to obtain structural information about this species, which is a neutral radical, D*, in the photooxidized form. Previously, we have used isotopic labeling, site-directed mutagenesis, and kinetics to assign a vibrational line at 1477 cm-1 to D*; these studies were performed on highly resolved PSII preparations at pH 7.5   Kim et al. (1998) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1364, 337-360; publisher's correction, Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1366, 330-354  . Here, we use kinetics to assign vibrational features to @entity5 radical, D*, in PSII membranes. EPR and fluorescence controls identify a time regime in which D* decay occurs independently of redox changes involving the PSII @entity2 acceptors. Difference FT-IR spectra, acquired over this time regime, exhibit decreases in the amplitude of a 1477 cm-1 line; quantitative comparison with EPR transients supports the assignment to D*. Conditions, requiring the use of @entity1 / @entity3 , have been described for observation of a dissimilar FT-IR spectrum, which has been assigned to @entity5 radical D*; this spectrum lacks a 1477 cm-1 line   Hienerwadel et al. (1997) Biochemistry 36, 14712-14723  . Under these conditions, we have observed (1) an acceleration in the rate of D* decay and a decrease in D* yield attributable to the presence of @entity3 , (2) a proportional decrease in the amplitude of FT-IR spectra acquired over the time regime in which D* decays, (3) frequency shifts in the D* - D FT-IR spectrum, (4) large-scale structural changes, as assessed by the @entity4 I line shape, and (5) contributions to the FT-IR spectrum from the @entity1 / @entity3 buffer in the absence of PSII. We conclude that changes in the FT-IR spectrum, observed in the presence of @entity1 / @entity3 , are caused by alterations in the environment of D* and by direct @entity1 / @entity3 contributions to the spectrum.

title: Vibrational spectrum associated with the reduction of XXXX radical D* in photosystem II: a comparative biochemical and kinetic study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 disrupts dental pulp regeneration by disintegrating the recruitment process of progenitors for repair. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) share the common features with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). The aim of the study was to investigate the migration of BM-MSCs toward DPSCs in response to inflammatory chemoattractants. Additionally, our studies also delineated the signaling mechanisms from BM-MSCs in mediating the proliferation and differentiation of DPSCs in  vitro. METHODS: @entity0 DPSCs and BM-MSCs between passages 2 and 4 were used and were grown in odontogenic differentiation medium. Mineralization was determined by @entity3 staining analysis. Migration was assessed using crystal violet staining in cells grown in Boyden chamber Transwell inserts (Corning Inc Foundation, Tewksbury, MA). The mineralization potential of DPSCs was evaluated using alkaline phosphatase activity assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to assess the gene expression profile of chemokine ( @entity5 , 10, 11, 12, 14, and 16; stromal cell-derived factor (SDF) a; vascular endothelial growth factor; and fibroblast growth factor. RESULTS: @entity2 (FN-y) treatment significantly abrogated the differentiation potential of DPSCs as shown by using @entity3 red and alkaline phosphatase activity analysis. An increase in the migration of BM-MSCs was documented when cocultured with IFN-y-treated DPSCs. RNA expression studies showed an increase in the levels of @entity4 and Cxcl12 in BM-MSCs when cocultured with IFN-y-treated DPSCs. Additionally, an up-regulation of proangiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor were observed in DPSCs exposed to IFN-y. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that inflamed IFN-y-treated DPSCs release factors (presumably @entity6 ) that contribute to the homing of MSCs. This model might provide a potential research tool for studying MSC-DPSC cross talk and for future studies involving the recruitment and sustainability of progenitor stem cells sustaining the inflammatory cascade to treat pulp @entity1 .

title: XXXX -treated Dental Pulp Stem Cells Promote @entity0 Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration In  Vitro.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 disrupts dental pulp regeneration by disintegrating the recruitment process of progenitors for repair. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) share the common features with dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). The aim of the study was to investigate the migration of BM-MSCs toward DPSCs in response to inflammatory chemoattractants. Additionally, our studies also delineated the signaling mechanisms from BM-MSCs in mediating the proliferation and differentiation of DPSCs in  vitro. METHODS: @entity0 DPSCs and BM-MSCs between passages 2 and 4 were used and were grown in odontogenic differentiation medium. Mineralization was determined by @entity3 staining analysis. Migration was assessed using crystal violet staining in cells grown in Boyden chamber Transwell inserts (Corning Inc Foundation, Tewksbury, MA). The mineralization potential of DPSCs was evaluated using alkaline phosphatase activity assay. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis was performed to assess the gene expression profile of chemokine ( @entity5 , 10, 11, 12, 14, and 16; stromal cell-derived factor (SDF) a; vascular endothelial growth factor; and fibroblast growth factor. RESULTS: @entity2 (FN-y) treatment significantly abrogated the differentiation potential of DPSCs as shown by using @entity3 red and alkaline phosphatase activity analysis. An increase in the migration of BM-MSCs was documented when cocultured with IFN-y-treated DPSCs. RNA expression studies showed an increase in the levels of @entity4 and Cxcl12 in BM-MSCs when cocultured with IFN-y-treated DPSCs. Additionally, an up-regulation of proangiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor were observed in DPSCs exposed to IFN-y. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that inflamed IFN-y-treated DPSCs release factors (presumably @entity6 ) that contribute to the homing of MSCs. This model might provide a potential research tool for studying MSC-DPSC cross talk and for future studies involving the recruitment and sustainability of progenitor stem cells sustaining the inflammatory cascade to treat pulp @entity1 .

title: @entity2 -treated Dental Pulp Stem Cells Promote XXXX Mesenchymal Stem Cell Migration In  Vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Despite the fact that @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and hyperthermic perioperative chemotherapy (HIPEC) is conceptually simplistic, optimal implementation of this combined treatment remains complex. Multiple @entity0 -related variables, methodologic variables, and pharmacologic variables need to be considered in devising an optimal treatment strategy. Working through these variables considering the pathophysiology of peritoneal @entity1 and their possible treatments is more likely to provide guidance in terms of successful management than multiple randomized controlled trials. The principles of management include: 1) A surgical technology involving peritonectomy procedures and visceral resections that will result in a complete cytoreduction. 2) Treatment of @entity0 at a maximal low peritoneal @entity2 index (PCI) will maximize the benefits especially in those @entity0 who have high grade peritoneal @entity1 from @entity5 , @entity3 , or @entity4 . 3) @entity2 cell entrapment should be avoided by preventing major surgical procedures prior to the definitive treatment with @entity6 and HIPEC. 4) Mechanical removal of @entity2 cells and small nodules by mechanical irrigation prior to HIPEC is necessary. 5) A response must be generated using @entity2 chemotherapy to eradicate small volume residual disease that will remain even after a complete cytoreduction by visual inspection. 6) The benefits of multiple cycles of normothermic intraperitoneal and intravenous chemotherapy (NIPEC) used long-term to help preserve the surgical complete response needs to be integrated into the overall plan of management. Currently, with peritoneal @entity1 from high grade disease perioperative chemotherapy usually fails to maintain the surgical complete response. Major modifications of the perioperative chemotherapy using HIPEC, early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy (EPIC) and NIPEC long-term will go far towards optimizing the treatment of peritoneal @entity1 no matter what the primary gastrointestinal or gynecologic malignancy is being treated.

title: Management of peritoneal XXXX - Basic concepts.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 in adults is secondary to either a structural @entity6 of the upper esophageal sphincter. In @entity5 (incomplete relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter), the etiology is usually either related to neck surgery or other @entity6 . We report on a rare case of neuromuscular @entity4 secondary to bone @entity1 to the base of the skull. The @entity0 is an 81-year old @entity0 with @entity3 with @entity1 to the sacrum. A gastroscopy was attempted to discern the etiology of his @entity4 , but the endoscope could not be advanced. A barium swollow showed @entity5 , and an magnetic resonance image of the brain demonstrated @entity2 to the floor of the left posterior fossa in the region of the jugular foramen and foramen magnum. The @entity2 caused disruption of the glosso-pharyngeal and vagus nerves. Selective radiotherapy resulted in rapid improvement in his symptoms. The primary treatment of @entity5 is to correct the underlying process, if possible. This case illustrates an unusual presentation of secondary @entity5 caused by cranial nerve involvement secondary to bone @entity1 .

title: Neuromuscular @entity4 secondary to bone XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 in adults is secondary to either a structural @entity6 of the upper esophageal sphincter. In @entity5 (incomplete relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter), the etiology is usually either related to neck surgery or other @entity6 . We report on a rare case of neuromuscular @entity4 secondary to bone @entity1 to the base of the skull. The @entity0 is an 81-year old @entity0 with @entity3 with @entity1 to the sacrum. A gastroscopy was attempted to discern the etiology of his @entity4 , but the endoscope could not be advanced. A barium swollow showed @entity5 , and an magnetic resonance image of the brain demonstrated @entity2 to the floor of the left posterior fossa in the region of the jugular foramen and foramen magnum. The @entity2 caused disruption of the glosso-pharyngeal and vagus nerves. Selective radiotherapy resulted in rapid improvement in his symptoms. The primary treatment of @entity5 is to correct the underlying process, if possible. This case illustrates an unusual presentation of secondary @entity5 caused by cranial nerve involvement secondary to bone @entity1 .

title: Neuromuscular XXXX secondary to bone @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the extent of intraocular light scatter in @entity0 with @entity3 . DESIGN: Prospective case-control study. @entity0 : Twelve male @entity0 with @entity3 who had predominantly minimal or no @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity2 and visual acuities of 20/40 or better and 30 age-similar control subjects with normal vision and no @entity2 were studied. INTERVENTION: Intraocular light scatter was measured using a van den Berg Straylightmeter. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuities, letter contrast sensitivities, Goldmann visual fields using a II4e target, and straylight parameters were obtained for each @entity0 . Lenses were assessed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy to determine whether there were @entity2 opacities. The degree of retinal pigment epithelial and @entity1 was evaluated from color fundus photographs. RESULTS: Three of the @entity0 with @entity3 who had clinically apparent @entity2 @entity2 showed an increase in intraocular light scatter. More notable was the fact that seven of the remaining nine @entity0 who did not have any clinically apparent changes in the lens also had a considerable increase in the intraocular light scatter as compared to the control subjects. The relative elevations of the log straylight parameters of the @entity0 with @entity3 , as compared to age-similar control subjects, were correlated significantly with their log visual field areas (r = -0.69, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intraocular light scatter may be increased in @entity0 with @entity3 , even in the absence of clinically observable @entity2 opacities. It is hypothesized that the increase in light scatter may be caused by changes in the posterior subcapsular region of the lens before the formation of @entity2 . The increased straylight could, at least in part, account for the disability glare reported by these @entity0 .

title: Intraocular light scatter in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the extent of intraocular light scatter in @entity0 with @entity3 . DESIGN: Prospective case-control study. @entity0 : Twelve male @entity0 with @entity3 who had predominantly minimal or no @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity2 and visual acuities of 20/40 or better and 30 age-similar control subjects with normal vision and no @entity2 were studied. INTERVENTION: Intraocular light scatter was measured using a van den Berg Straylightmeter. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuities, letter contrast sensitivities, Goldmann visual fields using a II4e target, and straylight parameters were obtained for each @entity0 . Lenses were assessed by slit-lamp biomicroscopy to determine whether there were @entity2 opacities. The degree of retinal pigment epithelial and @entity1 was evaluated from color fundus photographs. RESULTS: Three of the @entity0 with @entity3 who had clinically apparent @entity2 @entity2 showed an increase in intraocular light scatter. More notable was the fact that seven of the remaining nine @entity0 who did not have any clinically apparent changes in the lens also had a considerable increase in the intraocular light scatter as compared to the control subjects. The relative elevations of the log straylight parameters of the @entity0 with @entity3 , as compared to age-similar control subjects, were correlated significantly with their log visual field areas (r = -0.69, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Intraocular light scatter may be increased in @entity0 with @entity3 , even in the absence of clinically observable @entity2 opacities. It is hypothesized that the increase in light scatter may be caused by changes in the posterior subcapsular region of the lens before the formation of @entity2 . The increased straylight could, at least in part, account for the disability glare reported by these @entity0 .

title: Intraocular light scatter in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Modern cryoablation has been performed in solid @entity2 management for more than two decades. Following the surgical spirits, it seems natural to pursue radical procedures in clinical practice, which results in unnecessary adverse effects. The attempt to use non-extended procedure made some marked achievements in practice but was criticized severely, because it was supposed to induce @entity4 , which would trigger the rapid development of @entity2 . Oncologists favored this procedure, however, claiming that non-extended cryoablation let @entity1 @entity0 have higher quality of lives and longer survivals, in light of clinical observations. Therefore, this study was conducted trying to solve this controversy. In this study, fifty female C57BL/6J @entity3 were grafted green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled @entity1 and randomized into two groups. The bidirectional diameters and fluorescence intensity of @entity2 , and the body weight of @entity3 were recorded. Two weeks after the intervention, @entity2 volumes increased 20.95% in the cryoablation group, significantly different from that in the control group; the fluorescence intensity decreased 49.85% in the cryoablation group but increased 125.07% in the control group. Lung metastases could be observed in only 20% of @entity3 in the cryosurgery group, contrasted to 64% in the control group. The non-extended @entity1 cryoablation does induce @entity2 residuals, but will not trigger rapid @entity2 development. Inversely, the @entity4 cells are severely struck and the metastases are suppressed after the intervention. It could be a new strategy in @entity1 management, even for @entity0 not in early stage.

title: Non-extended cryoablation could be a new strategy in @entity1 management: An experiment on green fluorescent protein-labeled XXXX -bearing @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Modern cryoablation has been performed in solid @entity2 management for more than two decades. Following the surgical spirits, it seems natural to pursue radical procedures in clinical practice, which results in unnecessary adverse effects. The attempt to use non-extended procedure made some marked achievements in practice but was criticized severely, because it was supposed to induce @entity4 , which would trigger the rapid development of @entity2 . Oncologists favored this procedure, however, claiming that non-extended cryoablation let @entity1 @entity0 have higher quality of lives and longer survivals, in light of clinical observations. Therefore, this study was conducted trying to solve this controversy. In this study, fifty female C57BL/6J @entity3 were grafted green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled @entity1 and randomized into two groups. The bidirectional diameters and fluorescence intensity of @entity2 , and the body weight of @entity3 were recorded. Two weeks after the intervention, @entity2 volumes increased 20.95% in the cryoablation group, significantly different from that in the control group; the fluorescence intensity decreased 49.85% in the cryoablation group but increased 125.07% in the control group. Lung metastases could be observed in only 20% of @entity3 in the cryosurgery group, contrasted to 64% in the control group. The non-extended @entity1 cryoablation does induce @entity2 residuals, but will not trigger rapid @entity2 development. Inversely, the @entity4 cells are severely struck and the metastases are suppressed after the intervention. It could be a new strategy in @entity1 management, even for @entity0 not in early stage.

title: Non-extended cryoablation could be a new strategy in XXXX management: An experiment on green fluorescent protein-labeled @entity1 -bearing @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Modern cryoablation has been performed in solid @entity2 management for more than two decades. Following the surgical spirits, it seems natural to pursue radical procedures in clinical practice, which results in unnecessary adverse effects. The attempt to use non-extended procedure made some marked achievements in practice but was criticized severely, because it was supposed to induce @entity4 , which would trigger the rapid development of @entity2 . Oncologists favored this procedure, however, claiming that non-extended cryoablation let @entity1 @entity0 have higher quality of lives and longer survivals, in light of clinical observations. Therefore, this study was conducted trying to solve this controversy. In this study, fifty female C57BL/6J @entity3 were grafted green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled @entity1 and randomized into two groups. The bidirectional diameters and fluorescence intensity of @entity2 , and the body weight of @entity3 were recorded. Two weeks after the intervention, @entity2 volumes increased 20.95% in the cryoablation group, significantly different from that in the control group; the fluorescence intensity decreased 49.85% in the cryoablation group but increased 125.07% in the control group. Lung metastases could be observed in only 20% of @entity3 in the cryosurgery group, contrasted to 64% in the control group. The non-extended @entity1 cryoablation does induce @entity2 residuals, but will not trigger rapid @entity2 development. Inversely, the @entity4 cells are severely struck and the metastases are suppressed after the intervention. It could be a new strategy in @entity1 management, even for @entity0 not in early stage.

title: Non-extended cryoablation could be a new strategy in @entity1 management: An experiment on green fluorescent protein-labeled @entity1 -bearing XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) in the bone matrix comprise growth factors with distinct cellular effects and a series of proteins with less clear biological actions. In order to understand the role of these proteins in bone metabolism and in @entity1 , it is crucial to determine their localization and quantity in normal and pathological bone. We have developed an immunohistochemical method to detect @entity2 , osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, osteonectin, decorin, @entity5 , and the growth factors transforming growth factor-beta, insulin-like growth factor-I, and @entity3 both in bone matrix and in bone cells of adult @entity0 bone embedded in @entity4 . Immunohistochemistry and standard bone histomorphometry in adjacent sections allows the localization of the proteins to metabolically active sites in bone. The protocol works with several fixatives and with bone specimens obtained and embedded to over 20 years ago. Most importantly, we developed a procedure to specifically stain the mineralized matrix green in combination with a red staining of the NCPs. Using digital image analysis it is possible to quantify the relative amounts of NCPs (microm2 NCP area/microm2 mineralized matrix area). Within one biopsy of normal bone cut at four different heights (at a distance of 100 microm), two adjacent sections were stained either for @entity2 or osteonectin. Thirty trabecular and 20 cortical microscopic fields were measured, and the NCP:mineralized matrix ratio was calculated. Stepwise analysis of the standard error of the mean of the NCP:mineralized matrix ratios showed that measuring about 50 microscopic fields is sufficient to obtain representative data with a small confidence interval. In conclusion, the present procedure enables to quantify NCPs and to relate their presence to metabolically active sites in bone. The quantification provides the opportunity to monitor differences in distribution (e.g., cortical vs. trabecular) and differences between normal and pathological conditions and to assess changes in matrix composition during treatment. This can be done by reanalyzing bone biopsies obtained in the past, e.g., during clinical trials. Therefore, the present technique will be a valuable tool for the study of noncollagenous bone matrix proteins in @entity0 bone.

title: Immunolocalization and quantification of noncollagenous bone matrix proteins in XXXX -embedded adult @entity0 bone in combination with histomorphometry.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) in the bone matrix comprise growth factors with distinct cellular effects and a series of proteins with less clear biological actions. In order to understand the role of these proteins in bone metabolism and in @entity1 , it is crucial to determine their localization and quantity in normal and pathological bone. We have developed an immunohistochemical method to detect @entity2 , osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, osteonectin, decorin, @entity5 , and the growth factors transforming growth factor-beta, insulin-like growth factor-I, and @entity3 both in bone matrix and in bone cells of adult @entity0 bone embedded in @entity4 . Immunohistochemistry and standard bone histomorphometry in adjacent sections allows the localization of the proteins to metabolically active sites in bone. The protocol works with several fixatives and with bone specimens obtained and embedded to over 20 years ago. Most importantly, we developed a procedure to specifically stain the mineralized matrix green in combination with a red staining of the NCPs. Using digital image analysis it is possible to quantify the relative amounts of NCPs (microm2 NCP area/microm2 mineralized matrix area). Within one biopsy of normal bone cut at four different heights (at a distance of 100 microm), two adjacent sections were stained either for @entity2 or osteonectin. Thirty trabecular and 20 cortical microscopic fields were measured, and the NCP:mineralized matrix ratio was calculated. Stepwise analysis of the standard error of the mean of the NCP:mineralized matrix ratios showed that measuring about 50 microscopic fields is sufficient to obtain representative data with a small confidence interval. In conclusion, the present procedure enables to quantify NCPs and to relate their presence to metabolically active sites in bone. The quantification provides the opportunity to monitor differences in distribution (e.g., cortical vs. trabecular) and differences between normal and pathological conditions and to assess changes in matrix composition during treatment. This can be done by reanalyzing bone biopsies obtained in the past, e.g., during clinical trials. Therefore, the present technique will be a valuable tool for the study of noncollagenous bone matrix proteins in @entity0 bone.

title: Immunolocalization and quantification of noncollagenous bone matrix proteins in @entity4 -embedded adult XXXX bone in combination with histomorphometry.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of Cho-PET/CT in decision-making strategy of @entity0 with @entity2 (PC) eligible to definitive radiotherapy (RT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty @entity0 Cho-PET/CT before RT were prospectively enrolled. All @entity0 were treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy with simultaneous integrated boost in 28 fractions. @entity3 deprivation therapy was prescribed according to National @entity1 Network (NCCN) risk classification. Therapeutic strategy based on the Cho-PET/CT evaluation was compared with the strategy that would have been proposed in case of PET not available and/or not strictly indicated, according to international and national PC guidelines. RESULTS: Cho-PET/CT was positive in 57 cases (95%): T in 45 (79%); T in combination with N in 8 (14%); and M (bone) in combination with T or N, or both, in 4 (7%). After Cho-PET/CT, @entity0 were stratified as follows: 26 (43%) low risk, 10 (16%) intermediate risk, and 24 (41%) high risk. Cho-PET/CT shifted treatment indication in 13 cases (21%). The changes regarding radiation treatment volumes were as follows: 6 intermediate risk (10%) shifted to high risk and consequently were irradiated on prostate, seminal vesicles, and pelvic nodes PTVs; in 7 high risk (11%), the Cho-PET/CT showed bone and/or N uptake, and consequently, a simultaneous integrated boost on PET positive sites was prescribed. CONCLUSIONS: Cho-PET/CT seems to be a promising diagnostic tool in @entity0 who are candidates for radical RT and supporting the decision making in treatment planning, in particular in intermediate-high risk.

title: Impact of 18F-Choline PET/CT in the Decision-Making Strategy of Treatment Volumes in Definitive XXXX Volumetric Modulated Radiation Therapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A cell culture system for biocompatibility testing of hip implant materials is described. @entity0 bone marrow cells have been chosen because these cells are in direct contact with the biomaterial after implantation in situ. The sensitivity of this method is evaluated for materials which are already being used as implants in @entity0 and animal, e.g., @entity2 (HA) ceramic, pure @entity3 , and ultra-high-molecular-weight @entity1 (UHMWPE). As indicative parameters of biocompatibility primary cell adherence, cell number, cell proliferation, production of extracellular matrix, cell vitality, and cell differentiation are described. After 2 weeks in culture, obvious differences between the biomaterials with respect to the indicative parameters could be observed. Cell numbers were greatest on the HA specimens. In the case of @entity3 alloys, we observed a decreased number of cells. The production of extracellular matrix was high for the HA ceramics but reduced for @entity3 specimens. The polymers allowed only a few adherent cells and showed no signs of extracellular matrix production. The results can be correlated astonishingly well to animal experiments and clinical experiences. Therefore, we suggest that this cell culture system seems to be a useful tool for biocompatibility testing of bone implantation materials. It also helps reduce animal experiments. With the help of flow cytophotometry, we analyzed the influence of biomaterials on large numbers of cells with respect to differentiation. There were similar populations of T cells and monocytes on all specimens tested. Extended B-cell and granulocyte populations, however, were observed with @entity3 and UHMWPE. Most osteocalcin-containing cells adhered to the HA ceramics.

title: Biocompatibility analysis of different biomaterials in XXXX bone marrow cell cultures.

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Two randomized, prospective clinical trials involving 238 chronic @entity2 @entity0 were carried out. Results at 2-year follow-up are presented. OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical outcomes of a multidisciplinary functional restoration program with a nontreated control group (Project A) and with two less intensive but different training programs (Project B). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The effectiveness of functional restoration programs has not been firmly established. Results from trials carried out in the United States differ from those in trials conducted in other countries. Only a few of these studies have been carried out as prospective and randomized clinical studies. METHODS: Two hundred thirty-eight @entity0 with chronic @entity2 of at least 6 months' duration were included. There were 106 @entity0 in project A and 132 @entity0 in project B. Two years after completion of treatment @entity0 were mailed a questionnaire that included questions regarding their work status, @entity1 and disability levels, number of sick leave days, number of medical care contacts, medication use, physical activity levels, and subjective overall assessment of their "back life situation." RESULTS: @entity0 in both studies were comparable at inclusion, except that @entity0 in Project A were recruited from all of Denmark, whereas those in Project B were from the greater Copenhagen area. Thirteen @entity0 did not report for treatment after randomization. Of the remaining 225 @entity0 , 20 (9%) did not complete treatment. The questionnaire response rate was 94%. In Project A, those @entity0 receiving treatment (functional restoration) reported significantly less contact with the health care system, fewer sick leave days, and a less disabled life style during the follow-up period, compared with reports of @entity0 in the control group. Other effect parameters did not demonstrate a significant difference between the two groups. In Project B, all effect parameters reported, except leg @entity1 and medication usage, were significantly in favor of functional restoration, compared with reports from the less intensively treated groups. CONCLUSIONS: The functional restoration program seems effective in various parameters compared with the less intensive programs, but the differences in outcome in the two parallel studies indicate the necessity of testing a treatment program in different settings, in that the statistical variation may be a major factor in results of different studies.

title: Functional restoration for XXXX . Two-year follow-up of two randomized clinical trials.

answer: @entity2


abstract: To obtain a fundamental knowledge of the morphological relationship between nerve root symptoms and @entity2 , the distribution pattern of the veins in the lumbar spinal @entity1 from the first to fifth vertebrae was investigated in 5 adult @entity0 cadavers (mean age 69.6 years) and 5 @entity0 fetuses (mean age 6.6 months). The following results were obtained: 1) In the adults the veins perforating from the outer surface of the fifth lumbar spinal @entity3 were smaller in number than those perforating from the first to fourth @entity1 . In contrast, in the fetuses the number of such veins was increased in the lower lumbar spinal @entity1 . In each of the @entity1 , the number of veins emerging through the dorsal side was much higher than the number perforating from the outer surface of the ventral sides. The veins perforating through the outer surface of the @entity3 formed weak venous networks (periganglionic venous plexus) surrounding the dorsal ramus of the spinal nerve. 2) The veins communicating with the tributaries from the periganglionic venous plexus were classified into three types. Type 1 veins flowed into the intervertebral veins (the frequency ranged from 9.2 to 18.2 in the adults and from 22.4 to 37.0 in the fetuses). Type 2 veins coursed in the spinal cord along the dorsal root fibers and penetrated the dura mater on the way (the frequency ranged from 0.4 to 4.8 in the adults and from 1.2 to 2.2 in the fetuses). Type 3 veins opened directly into the internal vertebral plexus (the frequency ranged from 0.4 to 1.8 in the adults and from 0 to 0.4 in the fetuses). Type 1 veins were the most frequent among the three types of veins in both adults and fetuses. Few type 3 veins were observed in either group. 3) In the first and second lumbar vertebrae in the adults, three-quarters of each spinal @entity3 was situated in the vertebral canal. In the lower lumbar region (L3-L5), three quarters of each spinal @entity3 lay on the outside of the vertebral canal. In the fetuses, approximately one half to three-quarters of each lumbar spinal @entity3 was located in the vertebral canal.

title: Veins of the lumbar spinal XXXX in @entity0 adults and fetuses.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To obtain a fundamental knowledge of the morphological relationship between nerve root symptoms and @entity2 , the distribution pattern of the veins in the lumbar spinal @entity1 from the first to fifth vertebrae was investigated in 5 adult @entity0 cadavers (mean age 69.6 years) and 5 @entity0 fetuses (mean age 6.6 months). The following results were obtained: 1) In the adults the veins perforating from the outer surface of the fifth lumbar spinal @entity3 were smaller in number than those perforating from the first to fourth @entity1 . In contrast, in the fetuses the number of such veins was increased in the lower lumbar spinal @entity1 . In each of the @entity1 , the number of veins emerging through the dorsal side was much higher than the number perforating from the outer surface of the ventral sides. The veins perforating through the outer surface of the @entity3 formed weak venous networks (periganglionic venous plexus) surrounding the dorsal ramus of the spinal nerve. 2) The veins communicating with the tributaries from the periganglionic venous plexus were classified into three types. Type 1 veins flowed into the intervertebral veins (the frequency ranged from 9.2 to 18.2 in the adults and from 22.4 to 37.0 in the fetuses). Type 2 veins coursed in the spinal cord along the dorsal root fibers and penetrated the dura mater on the way (the frequency ranged from 0.4 to 4.8 in the adults and from 1.2 to 2.2 in the fetuses). Type 3 veins opened directly into the internal vertebral plexus (the frequency ranged from 0.4 to 1.8 in the adults and from 0 to 0.4 in the fetuses). Type 1 veins were the most frequent among the three types of veins in both adults and fetuses. Few type 3 veins were observed in either group. 3) In the first and second lumbar vertebrae in the adults, three-quarters of each spinal @entity3 was situated in the vertebral canal. In the lower lumbar region (L3-L5), three quarters of each spinal @entity3 lay on the outside of the vertebral canal. In the fetuses, approximately one half to three-quarters of each lumbar spinal @entity3 was located in the vertebral canal.

title: Veins of the lumbar spinal @entity1 in XXXX adults and fetuses.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: By using questionnaire method to understand the evaluation regarding cost-effectiveness of acupuncture for @entity1 in both doctors and @entity0 . METHODS: By using questionnaire method, questionnaires for doctors and @entity0 were made respectively; by using network platform, two sets of questionnaires were publicly released, which were filled in online. The results were real-time background collected and then analyzed. RESULTS: Totally 696 effective questionnaires for @entity0 and 114 questionnaires for doctors were collected. The results indicated that (1)the direct cost (including treatment fee and material fee) for preventive treatment of @entity1 was 109 yuan per time in regular acupuncture, 152 yuan per time in regular acupuncture + electroacupuncture (EA) and 238 yuan per time in acupoint catgut embedding. The travelling expense was 42 yuan per time within the city and 193 yuan per time between cities. The indirect cost included cost for loss of working time (208 yuan per time), cost for treatment time (acupoint catgut embedding: 10 to 30 min per time, once one to three weeks; the remaining two treatments: 20 to 50 min per time, once to 5 times every week), time cost for arriving and departing hospital (1 to 3 hours per time within the city and 4 hours per time between cities). From the angle of treatment course, acupoint catgut embedding reduced the treatment frequency, leading to a lower total cost. (2)A mong the reasons to select different acupuncture methods to treat @entity1 , the results of @entity0 questionnaire indicated that the focus in the @entity0 who selected acupoint catgut embedding was different from that in the @entity0 who selected two other treatments. The main advantage of acupoint catgut embedding was superior and lasting efficacy with low cost. The results of doctor questionnaire indicated the main reason to select acupoint catgut embedding was "lasting efficacy after single treatment" (87. 5%) and "lower frequency of treatment" (75. 0%). (3) The main reason to obstruct the popularization of acupoint catgut embedding was this method was not widely known. CONCLUSION: The acupoint catgut embedding is one ideal preventive treatment for @entity1 , which has higher cost-effectiveness, however, currently it is not widely applied. In future advertisement and training program should be strengthened to perform targeted popularization of acupoint catgut embedding for @entity1 .

title: [Questionnaire investigation on cost-effectiveness analysis of acupuncture for XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To critically review the research in @entity2 over the past 10 years and highlight recent advances in normal development as it pertains to these disorders and their diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. METHOD: Computerized search methods were combined with manual searches of the literature. A detailed review of the most salient articles is provided. Preference was given to studies involving @entity0 and adolescents that approached the subject from a developmental perspective. RESULTS: The information from these studies is presented in a developmental framework. @entity1 has progressed, but definitive longitudinal data are still absent from the literature. Research specific to treatment of @entity0 and @entity1 remains rare. CONCLUSIONS: Data @entity1 from a developmental perspective are available in only a few studies. Research is needed addressing normative data on the development of eating behavior and specific risk and resilience factors for pathology in specific developmental periods. Especially lacking are studies regarding the continuities and discontinuities of eating disturbances across the life span. Best documented are epidemiological studies of prevalence and incidence, long-term outcome in @entity2 , and short-term treatment response in @entity3 .

title: XXXX in @entity0 and adolescents: a review of the past 10 years.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To critically review the research in @entity2 over the past 10 years and highlight recent advances in normal development as it pertains to these disorders and their diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. METHOD: Computerized search methods were combined with manual searches of the literature. A detailed review of the most salient articles is provided. Preference was given to studies involving @entity0 and adolescents that approached the subject from a developmental perspective. RESULTS: The information from these studies is presented in a developmental framework. @entity1 has progressed, but definitive longitudinal data are still absent from the literature. Research specific to treatment of @entity0 and @entity1 remains rare. CONCLUSIONS: Data @entity1 from a developmental perspective are available in only a few studies. Research is needed addressing normative data on the development of eating behavior and specific risk and resilience factors for pathology in specific developmental periods. Especially lacking are studies regarding the continuities and discontinuities of eating disturbances across the life span. Best documented are epidemiological studies of prevalence and incidence, long-term outcome in @entity2 , and short-term treatment response in @entity3 .

title: @entity2 in XXXX and adolescents: a review of the past 10 years.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To facilitate understanding of the long-term course and visual outcome of a severe variant of @entity2 . DESIGN: Consecutive observational case series. @entity0 AND METHODS: The authors reviewed 25 @entity0 with multifocal @entity5 and bullous @entity4 , who had a mean follow-up time of 10.6 years (range, 6-22 years), with reference to the demographic feature, fundus changes, recurrence, and final anatomic and visual outcome. Two @entity0 underwent optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: The @entity0 were 21 @entity0 and 4 @entity0 , with a mean age at disease onset of 43.1 years (range, 30-63 years). Twenty-one @entity0 were otherwise healthy, and four developed @entity6 during systemic corticosteroid therapy for metabolic or @entity1 including @entity3 . The disease was bilateral in 21 @entity0 (84%). Nine @entity0 (36%) presented initially with classic @entity2 , followed by its severe variant 7 months to 9 years later. Active disease was characterized by multifocal exudative lesions in the posterior pole and bullous @entity4 with shifting subretinal fluid in the inferior periphery. Optical coherence tomography of exudative lesions disclosed cloudy and fibrinous subretinal fluid. The exudative lesions were self-limited or responded to photocoagulation. During the follow-up period, 13 @entity0 (52%) showed 1 to 5 recurrent disease, but the disease eventually became quiescent with multifocal @entity7 in the posterior pole with or without @entity8 tracts in the inferior periphery. Final best-corrected visual acuity was 2020 or better in 24 of 46 affected eyes (52%) of 25 @entity0 and 2040 or better in 37 eyes (80.4%). CONCLUSIONS: A severe variant of @entity2 characterized by multifocal posterior exudations and bullous inferior @entity4 with shifting subretinal fluid may affect otherwise healthy, middle-aged males or individuals receiving systemic corticosteroid therapy for metabolic or @entity1 . Exudative chorioretinal lesions are self-limited or respond to photocoagulation. Recurrence is common, but the disease eventually becomes quiescent with favorable visual acuity unless the macula is damaged.

title: A long-term follow-up study of severe variant of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Lumbar intervertebral discs in @entity0 were cultured in the presence of chondroitinase ABC. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammatory mediators produced in culture media were then analyzed. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of chondroitinase ABC on MMPs and inflammatory mediators produced by intervertebral disc of @entity0 in vitro. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The chemonucleolytic effect of chondroitinase ABC is caused by the decrease in the chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronan, and protein content of the nucleus pulposus in @entity0 . The reason for the decreases in protein content remains unclear. METHODS: Anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus were cultured for 72 hours with or without chondroitinase ABC stimulated or not stimulated by interleukin-1 after preculture for 4 days. Subsequently, the MMPs (gelatinases @entity3 , @entity4 , and collagenase) and inflammatory mediators ( @entity2 and @entity1 ) produced in the culture media were analyzed. RESULTS: In the anulus fibrosus chondroitinase ABC and interleukin-1 synergistically increased the collagenase activity, which was at a significantly higher level than the increment solely due to interleukin-1. In contrast, chondroitinase ABC counteracted the increase in @entity1 production by interleukin-1. In the nucleus pulposus the collagenase and @entity1 productions were not particularly affected by chondroitinase ABC and/or interleukin-1. In zymographic analysis @entity3 was detected, but @entity4 was only slightly detected in both tissues. There were no significant differences in both tissues for @entity3 and @entity2 following incubation with or without chondroitinase ABC, whether stimulated by interleukin-1 or not. CONCLUSIONS: The collagenase activity in the anulus fibrosus was increased by chondroitinase ABC with interleukin-1. This finding may support the hypothesis that some proteolytic activities are involved in the chemonucleolytic process by chondroitinase ABC treatment.

title: Effect of chondroitinase ABC on matrix metalloproteinases and inflammatory mediators produced by intervertebral disc of XXXX in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many case reports of acute @entity4 have been reported but, up to now, @entity2 during @entity3 have not been studied prospectively. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence and the clinical significance of @entity11 in 507 consecutive adult @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: The clinical significance of @entity11 , related predisposing factors and severity of @entity5 were assessed. RESULTS: @entity11 was detected in 10.2 % of @entity0 studied. Although amylasemia was found over four times the normal values in three cases, the clinical features of acute @entity4 were recorded in only one case (0.1%). @entity11 was more likely (17%) where a microorganism could be identified in the stools (p < 0.01). Among @entity0 with positive stool samples, @entity10 spp. and in particular @entity10 , was the microorganism most frequently associated with @entity11 [17/84 (20.2 %) and 10/45 (22.2%), respectively], followed by Rotavirus, @entity7 and Campylobacter spp. @entity0 with @entity11 had more severe @entity5 with an increased incidence of @entity1 (80 % vs 50.6 %, O.R. 3.0; P < 0.01), @entity6 (18% vs 8.5%; O.R. 2.5; P < 0.05), and a higher mean number of evacuations per day (9.2 vs 7.5; P < 0.05) than those with amylasemia in the normal range. @entity11 was significantly associated with @entity8 , (30.0 % vs 10.7%, O.R. 3.5; P < 0.01) and chronic @entity9 or duodenal ulceration (22.0 % vs 10.2%, O.R. 2.4, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity11 is relatively frequent, and is associated with severe @entity5 . However, acute @entity4 in the setting of @entity3 , is a rare event.

title: XXXX during @entity3 : incidence and clinical relevance.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many case reports of acute @entity4 have been reported but, up to now, @entity2 during @entity3 have not been studied prospectively. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the incidence and the clinical significance of @entity11 in 507 consecutive adult @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: The clinical significance of @entity11 , related predisposing factors and severity of @entity5 were assessed. RESULTS: @entity11 was detected in 10.2 % of @entity0 studied. Although amylasemia was found over four times the normal values in three cases, the clinical features of acute @entity4 were recorded in only one case (0.1%). @entity11 was more likely (17%) where a microorganism could be identified in the stools (p < 0.01). Among @entity0 with positive stool samples, @entity10 spp. and in particular @entity10 , was the microorganism most frequently associated with @entity11 [17/84 (20.2 %) and 10/45 (22.2%), respectively], followed by Rotavirus, @entity7 and Campylobacter spp. @entity0 with @entity11 had more severe @entity5 with an increased incidence of @entity1 (80 % vs 50.6 %, O.R. 3.0; P < 0.01), @entity6 (18% vs 8.5%; O.R. 2.5; P < 0.05), and a higher mean number of evacuations per day (9.2 vs 7.5; P < 0.05) than those with amylasemia in the normal range. @entity11 was significantly associated with @entity8 , (30.0 % vs 10.7%, O.R. 3.5; P < 0.01) and chronic @entity9 or duodenal ulceration (22.0 % vs 10.2%, O.R. 2.4, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity11 is relatively frequent, and is associated with severe @entity5 . However, acute @entity4 in the setting of @entity3 , is a rare event.

title: @entity4 during XXXX : incidence and clinical relevance.

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: An anatomic study of the associations between the fifth lumbar spinal nerve (L5 spinal nerve) and a lumbosacral tunnel, consisting of the fifth lumbar vertebral body (L5 vertebral body), the lumbosacral ligament, and sacral ala, and clinical case reports of four @entity0 with @entity3 secondary to entrapment of the L5 spinal nerve in the lumbosacral tunnel. OBJECTIVES: To delineate the anatomic, clinical, and radiologic features and surgical outcome of @entity0 with entrapment of the L5 spinal nerve in the lumbosacral tunnel. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although several cadaveric studies on a lumbosacral tunnel as a possible cause of @entity3 have been reported, few studies had focused on @entity5 of the L5-S1 vertebral bodies as the major component of this @entity4 , and clinical reports on @entity0 with this disease have been rare. METHODS: Lumbosacral spines from 29 geriatric cadavers were examined with special attention to the associations between @entity5 of the L5-S1 vertebral bodies and the L5 spinal nerve. Four @entity0 with a diagnosis of the entrapment of the L5 spinal nerve by @entity5 at the lumbosacral tunnel were treated surgically, and their clinical manifestations and surgical results were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: The anatomic study demonstrated @entity5 of the L5-S1 vertebral bodies in seven of the 29 cadavers. Entrapment of the L5 spinal nerve in the lumbosacral tunnel was observed in six of the seven cadavers with @entity5 but in only one of the 22 cadavers without such @entity5 (P < 0.05, chi2 test). All four @entity0 had @entity1 in the L5 nerve root distribution. MRI and myelography showed no abnormal findings in the spinal canal, but CAT scans demonstrated prominent @entity5 on the lateral margins of L5-S1 vertebral bodies in all four. Selective L5 nerve block completely relieved all @entity0 of @entity2 but only temporarily. Three @entity0 were treated via a posterior approach by resecting the sacral ala along the L5 spinal nerve, and the other @entity0 was treated by laparoscopic anterior resection of the @entity5 . @entity2 relief was obtained in the four @entity0 immediately after surgery, but one @entity0 experienced recurrence of @entity2 1 year after the first surgery and was successfully treated by additional posterior decompression and fusion. CONCLUSIONS: Extraforaminal entrapment of L5 spinal nerve in the lumbosacral tunnel can cause @entity3 , and @entity5 of L5-S1 vertebral bodies are a major cause of the entrapment.

title: Extraforaminal entrapment of the fifth lumbar spinal nerve by XXXX of the lumbosacral spine: anatomic study and a report of four cases.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Arterial @entity3 in a transplanted kidney is a serious complication that usually leads to graft loss. The purpose of our study was to evaluate intra-arterial fibrinolysis as a treatment of @entity1 and to determine the maximum period of occlusion allowing a reasonable chance of graft salvage. METHODS AND RESULTS: Four @entity0 underwent intra-arterial fibrinolysis for acute transplant artery @entity3 . Transplantations had been performed 29 days to 10 years before the fibrinolysis. Fibrinolysis was carried out by using recombitant tissue plasminogen activator (n=1) or urokinase (n=3). In one @entity0 , anuric for 13 hr at admittance, fibrinolysis could not revascularize the graft artery. In a second @entity0 , anuric for 48 hr at admittance, fibrinolysis did revascularize the graft artery, but dialysis could not be discontinued. In the two remaining @entity0 , anuric for 19 and 20 hr at admittance, the graft artery was successfully revascularized and dialysis could be discontinued 1 week later. One of these two @entity0 returned to dialysis 71 months later because of chronic rejection. Thirty-four months after the acute episode, the remaining @entity0 had a patent artery and did not require dialysis. CONCLUSIONS: Fibrinolysis seems an efficient treatment that may save transplants after up to 24 hr of the @entity2 .

title: Acute XXXX : graft salvage by means of intra-arterial fibrinolysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The immunotherapy using dendritic cells (DCs) against different varieties of @entity0 is an approach that has been previously explored which induces a specific immune response. This work presents a mathematical model of DCs immunotherapy for @entity2 in @entity1 based on work by Experimental Immunotherapy Laboratory of the Medicine Faculty in the Universidad Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM). METHOD: The model is a five delay differential equation (DDEs) which represents a simplified view of the immunotherapy mechanisms. The mathematical model takes into account the interactions between @entity0 cells, dendritic cells, naive cytotoxic T lymphocytes cells (inactivated cytotoxic cells), effector cells (cytotoxic T activated cytotoxic cells) and transforming growth factor b cytokine (T G F-b). The model is validated comparing the computer simulation results with biological trial results of the immunotherapy developed by the research group of UNAM. RESULTS: The results of the growth of @entity0 cells obtained by the control immunotherapy simulation show a similar amount of @entity0 cell population than the biological data of the control immunotherapy. Moreover, comparing the increase of @entity0 cells obtained from the immunotherapy simulation and the biological data of the immunotherapy applied by the UNAM researchers obtained errors of approximately 10 %. This allowed us to use the model as a framework to test hypothetical treatments. The numerical simulations suggest that by using more doses of DCs and changing the infusion time, the @entity0 growth decays compared with the current immunotherapy. In addition, a local sensitivity analysis is performed; the results show that the delay in time "   ", the maximal growth rate of @entity0 "r" and the maximal efficiency of @entity0 cytotoxic cells rate "aT" are the most sensitive model parameters. CONCLUSION: By using this mathematical model it is possible to simulate the growth of the @entity0 cells with or without immunotherapy using the infusion protocol of the UNAM researchers, to obtain a good approximation of the biological trials data. It is worth mentioning that by manipulating the different parameters of the model the effectiveness of the immunotherapy may increase. This last suggests that different protocols could be implemented by the Immunotherapy Laboratory of UNAM in order to improve their results.

title: Enhancing dendritic cell immunotherapy for XXXX using a simple mathematical model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Carotid angioplasty and stenting procedures are associated with an obligatory release of particulate debris into the distal cerebral circulation. Although most of the emboli are small and do not result in symptomatic @entity1 , some may be large enough to cause @entity2 . For this reason, a variety of filters and balloon occlusion devices have been employed as adjuvants to decrease the risk of distal embolization during carotid stenting. Some of these devices rely on the arrest of antegrade blood flow with the use of inflow arrest. The present study was undertaken to investigate the hemodynamic conditions that exist at the carotid bifurcation during common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion. METHODS: Internal carotid artery (ICA) and external carotid artery (ECA) stump pressures were measured in 29 @entity0 undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Duplex ultrasound scanning was used to measure the direction and velocity of blood flow in the ICA and ECA with the CCA cross-clamped but the ICA and ECA open, a clinical scenario analogous to @entity3 at the time of carotid angioplasty and stenting. The direction and magnitude of @entity5 and ECA flow were compared with the stump pressures to determine whether a correlation existed between these variables. RESULTS: The mean stump pressure in the ICA and ECA averaged 56 +/- 16 and 53 +/- 12 mm Hg, respectively. The ICA systolic stump pressure was lower than the ECA systolic stump pressure in six @entity0 (21%), and all of these @entity0 had persistent antegrade systolic duplex blood flow by duplex interrogation during CCA occlusion. The ICA systolic stump pressure exceeded the ECA systolic stump pressure in 19 @entity0 (66%), and all of these @entity0 had retrograde ICA flow during systole. Diastolic flow was also well correlated with the magnitude of the ICA/ECA stump pressure differential, with antegrade diastolic ICA blood flow in all nine @entity0 with an ICA diastolic stump pressure less than the ECA diastolic stump pressure. None of the 10 @entity0 with ICA diastolic stump pressure greater than ICA diastolic stump pressure maintained antegrade ICA diastolic flow, but four of these @entity0 had flow to zero in diastole. Overall, 13 of 29 @entity0 (45%) could be surmised to be at risk for distal embolization to the brain based on the persistence of some element of either systolic or diastolic antegrade ICA flow during common @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Common @entity3 alone appears insufficient to protect against distal embolization during manipulations of the carotid bifurcation. Persistent systolic or diastolic antegrade blood flow occurs in a high proportion of @entity0 , lending credence to the use of additional protective strategies to ameliorate the risk of @entity4 .

title: Hemodynamic conditions at the carotid bifurcation during protective common XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: In @entity0 , the rate of beta cell proliferation declines rapidly during the postnatal period and remains low throughout adult life. Recent studies suggest that this may reflect the distribution of cell cycle regulators which, unusually, are located in the cytosolic compartment of beta cells in islets isolated from adults. In the present work, we examined whether the localisation of cyclin-D molecules is also cytosolic in the islet cells of pancreatic samples studied in situ. METHODS: Immunohistochemical approaches were employed to examine the subcellular localisation of @entity2 , -D2 and -D3 in @entity0 pancreatic samples recovered either from heart-beating donors or post mortem. Immunofluorescence methods were used to reveal the cellular localisation of @entity5 . RESULTS: The distribution of @entity3 was invariably cytosolic in islet cells, whereas the localisation of @entity5 varied according to the status of the donor. In pancreatic sections from heart-beating donors these molecules were primarily nuclear. By contrast, in samples collected post mortem, they were mainly cytosolic. @entity2 was detected only in beta cells whereas @entity4 was detected in both alpha and beta cells. The proportion of donors who were immunopositive for @entity2 declined from 71% in controls to 30% in those with type 1 @entity1 . @entity4 was present in the islets of the majority of donors in both groups. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The subcellular localisation of cyclin-D molecules varies according to the status of the donor. Both @entity5 can be found in the nuclei of @entity0 islet cells in situ.

title: The subcellular distribution of @entity2 and XXXX within @entity0 islet cells varies according to the status of the pancreas donor.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: In @entity0 , the rate of beta cell proliferation declines rapidly during the postnatal period and remains low throughout adult life. Recent studies suggest that this may reflect the distribution of cell cycle regulators which, unusually, are located in the cytosolic compartment of beta cells in islets isolated from adults. In the present work, we examined whether the localisation of cyclin-D molecules is also cytosolic in the islet cells of pancreatic samples studied in situ. METHODS: Immunohistochemical approaches were employed to examine the subcellular localisation of @entity2 , -D2 and -D3 in @entity0 pancreatic samples recovered either from heart-beating donors or post mortem. Immunofluorescence methods were used to reveal the cellular localisation of @entity5 . RESULTS: The distribution of @entity3 was invariably cytosolic in islet cells, whereas the localisation of @entity5 varied according to the status of the donor. In pancreatic sections from heart-beating donors these molecules were primarily nuclear. By contrast, in samples collected post mortem, they were mainly cytosolic. @entity2 was detected only in beta cells whereas @entity4 was detected in both alpha and beta cells. The proportion of donors who were immunopositive for @entity2 declined from 71% in controls to 30% in those with type 1 @entity1 . @entity4 was present in the islets of the majority of donors in both groups. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The subcellular localisation of cyclin-D molecules varies according to the status of the donor. Both @entity5 can be found in the nuclei of @entity0 islet cells in situ.

title: The subcellular distribution of XXXX and @entity4 within @entity0 islet cells varies according to the status of the pancreas donor.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: In @entity0 , the rate of beta cell proliferation declines rapidly during the postnatal period and remains low throughout adult life. Recent studies suggest that this may reflect the distribution of cell cycle regulators which, unusually, are located in the cytosolic compartment of beta cells in islets isolated from adults. In the present work, we examined whether the localisation of cyclin-D molecules is also cytosolic in the islet cells of pancreatic samples studied in situ. METHODS: Immunohistochemical approaches were employed to examine the subcellular localisation of @entity2 , -D2 and -D3 in @entity0 pancreatic samples recovered either from heart-beating donors or post mortem. Immunofluorescence methods were used to reveal the cellular localisation of @entity5 . RESULTS: The distribution of @entity3 was invariably cytosolic in islet cells, whereas the localisation of @entity5 varied according to the status of the donor. In pancreatic sections from heart-beating donors these molecules were primarily nuclear. By contrast, in samples collected post mortem, they were mainly cytosolic. @entity2 was detected only in beta cells whereas @entity4 was detected in both alpha and beta cells. The proportion of donors who were immunopositive for @entity2 declined from 71% in controls to 30% in those with type 1 @entity1 . @entity4 was present in the islets of the majority of donors in both groups. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: The subcellular localisation of cyclin-D molecules varies according to the status of the donor. Both @entity5 can be found in the nuclei of @entity0 islet cells in situ.

title: The subcellular distribution of @entity2 and @entity4 within XXXX islet cells varies according to the status of the pancreas donor.

answer: @entity0