abstract: PURPOSE: Bacterial adherence to the urinary catheter is an early step in biofilm formation and the pathogenesis of catheter associated @entity0 . We studied in vitro the effect of @entity2 or @entity5 impregnation of urinary catheters on uropathogen ability to adhere to urinary catheters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied commercially available @entity5 - @entity4 , @entity4 only, @entity2 - @entity4 -hydrogel, @entity4 -hydrogel, @entity2 -latex-hydrogel and latex-hydrogel catheters. Catheters were incubated in sterile broth for 0, 3, 5, 7 and 10 days, respectively, before inoculation and overnight incubation with @entity1 or @entity3 . RESULTS: Adherence of @entity1 and @entity3 to @entity5 catheters was significantly decreased compared to that of @entity4 -only catheters when catheters were fresh. The anti-adherence effect of @entity5 on @entity1 decreased with time but was still significant at 5 days. For @entity3 the effect of @entity5 was lost by 3 days of pre-incubation. @entity1 adherence was not significantly decreased on @entity2 impregnated catheters compared to that on control catheters of the same base material. @entity2 was associated with a significant decrease in @entity3 adherence to latex-hydrogel catheters but not to @entity4 -hydrogel catheters. The adherence of each species to @entity4 catheters with hydrogel was significantly lower than that to @entity4 -only control catheters. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 impregnation had little effect on bacterial adherence in our model and @entity5 impregnation had a significant effect only for the first 5 days. Our results do not support a role for @entity2 urinary catheters to prevent catheter associated @entity0 by decreasing bacterial adherence.

title: @entity2 or XXXX impregnation of urinary catheters has a minimal effect on uropathogen adherence.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Findings from twin studies yield heritability estimates of 0.50 for prosocial behaviours like empathy, cooperativeness and altruism. First molecular genetic studies underline the influence of polymorphisms located on genes coding for the receptors of the neuropeptides, @entity1 and vasopressin. However, the proportion of variance explained by these gene loci is rather low indicating that additional genetic variants must be involved. Pharmacological studies show that the dopaminergic system interacts with @entity1 and vasopressin. The present experimental study tests a dopaminergic candidate polymorphism for altruistic behaviour, the functional @entity4 @entity5 SNP. N   =   101 healthy Caucasian subjects participated in the study. Altruism was assessed by the amount of money donated to a poor @entity0 in a developing country, after having earned money by participating in two straining computer experiments. Construct validity of the experimental data was given: the highest correlation between the amount of donations and personality was observed for cooperativeness (r   =   0.32, P    <=   0.001). Carriers of at least one @entity3 allele donated about twice as much money as compared with those @entity0 without a @entity3 allele (P   =   0.01). Cooperativeness and the @entity3 allele of @entity4 additively explained 14.6% of the variance in donation behaviour. Results indicate that the @entity3 allele representing strong catabolism of @entity2 is related to altruism.

title: Investigating the genetic basis of altruism: the role of the @entity4 XXXX polymorphism.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Findings from twin studies yield heritability estimates of 0.50 for prosocial behaviours like empathy, cooperativeness and altruism. First molecular genetic studies underline the influence of polymorphisms located on genes coding for the receptors of the neuropeptides, @entity1 and vasopressin. However, the proportion of variance explained by these gene loci is rather low indicating that additional genetic variants must be involved. Pharmacological studies show that the dopaminergic system interacts with @entity1 and vasopressin. The present experimental study tests a dopaminergic candidate polymorphism for altruistic behaviour, the functional @entity4 @entity5 SNP. N   =   101 healthy Caucasian subjects participated in the study. Altruism was assessed by the amount of money donated to a poor @entity0 in a developing country, after having earned money by participating in two straining computer experiments. Construct validity of the experimental data was given: the highest correlation between the amount of donations and personality was observed for cooperativeness (r   =   0.32, P    <=   0.001). Carriers of at least one @entity3 allele donated about twice as much money as compared with those @entity0 without a @entity3 allele (P   =   0.01). Cooperativeness and the @entity3 allele of @entity4 additively explained 14.6% of the variance in donation behaviour. Results indicate that the @entity3 allele representing strong catabolism of @entity2 is related to altruism.

title: Investigating the genetic basis of altruism: the role of the XXXX @entity5 polymorphism.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the contemporary management and outcomes of @entity0 presenting with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in Australia. DESIGN, @entity0 AND SETTING: Observational analysis of data for @entity0 who presented with suspected @entity3 and enrolled in the Australian Acute Coronary Syndrome Prospective Audit from 1 November 2005 to 31 July 2007. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Factors associated with use of reperfusion therapy and timely use of reperfusion therapy, and the effects of reperfusion on mortality. RESULTS: In total, 755 @entity0 had suspected @entity3 . Median time to presentation was 105 minutes (IQR, 60-235 minutes). Reperfusion therapy was used in 66.9% of @entity0 (505/755), and timely reperfusion therapy in 23.1% (174/755). Thombolysis was administered in 39.2% of those who received reperfusion therapy (198/505), while 60.8% (307/505) received primary percutaneous intervention. @entity5 (OR, 2.83; P = 0.001) and treatment under the auspices of a cardiology unit (OR, 2.14; P = 0.02) were associated with use of reperfusion therapy. A normal electrocardiogram on presentation (OR, 0.42; P = 0.01), @entity4 (OR, 0.18; P = 0.001), @entity1 (OR, 0.34; P < 0.01), history of @entity2 (OR, 0.54; P < 0.01), and previous lesion on angiogram of > 50% (OR, 0.51; P = 0.001) were associated with not using reperfusion. In hospital mortality was 4.0% (30/755), mortality at 30 days was 4.8% (36/755), and mortality at 1 year was 7.8% (59/755). Receiving reperfusion therapy of any kind was associated with decreased 12-month mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 0.44; 95% CI, 0.25-0.78; P < 0.01). Timely reperfusion was associated with a reduction in mortality of 78% (HR, 0.22; P = 0.04). There were no significant differences in early and late mortality in rural @entity0 compared with metropolitan @entity0 (P = 0.66). CONCLUSION: Timely reperfusion, not the modality of reperfusion, was associated with significant outcome benefits. Australian use of timely or any reperfusion remains poor and incomplete.

title: Reperfusion therapy in the acute management of XXXX in Australia: findings from the ACACIA registry.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The role of @entity3 (T) in regulating body composition is conflicting. Thus, our goal is to meta-analyse the effects of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) on body composition and metabolic outcomes. METHODS: All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effect of @entity5 on different endpoints were considered. RESULTS: Overall, 59 trials were included in the study enrolling 3029 and 2049 @entity0 in @entity5 and control groups respectively. @entity5 was associated with any significant modification in body weight, waist circumference and BMI. Conversely, @entity5 was associated with a significant reduction in fat and with an increase in lean mass as well as with a reduction of fasting glycaemia and insulin resistance. The effect on fasting glycaemia was even higher in younger individuals and in those with @entity2 . When only RCTs enrolling hypogonadal (total T <12mol/l) subjects were considered, a reduction of total @entity1 as well as @entity4 (TGs) levels were also detected. Conversely, an improvement in HDL @entity1 levels as well as in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure was not observed. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that @entity5 is able to improve body composition and glycometabolic profile particularly in younger subjects and in those with metabolic disturbances. Specifically designed studies are urgently needed to confirm this point.

title: THERAPY OF ENDOCRINE DISEASE: XXXX supplementation and body composition: results from a meta-analysis study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To assess the results of surgical treatment of condylar @entity2 using the transparotid approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The transparotid approach was used in 38 @entity0 with @entity2 . In four cases a single 2.0 plate was used, in the latter - 3D plates were used. All the @entity0 were subjected to control clinical examination including: occlusion, @entity4 , mandibular movements, @entity1 presence, subjective assessment of the scar aesthetics and the presence of salivary fistula or salivary cyst on the first day following surgery and after 1, 3 and 6 months. Control radiography of the mandible in at least two projections was made on the first day after surgery and after 3 months. RESULTS: In 3 @entity0 a partial paresis of the facial nerve was noticed followed by a spontaneous recovery 3 months postoperatively. In 2 @entity0 acoustic effects, without @entity1 in the temporomandibular joint of the fractured side were still present 6 months postoperatively. Plate @entity2 were found in two out of four @entity0 operated on with single-plate technique. Loosening and displacement of a fixation screw occurred in 4 @entity0 ; in 3 cases it referred to a single 2.0 plate and in one, a Delta plate. Post-operation scar was accepted by all the @entity0 . CONCLUSION: The transparotid approach allows for direct visualisation of the @entity2 providing @entity3 and osteosynthesis, with a low risk of @entity4 . Precise wound closure in layers, especially of the parotid capsule allows avoiding a salivary fistula.

title: The use of the transparotid approach for surgical treatment of condylar XXXX - Own experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tonsillectomies (TE) in Germany are traditionally performed during inpatient hospital stays. Socioeconomic changes in the healthcare system have resulted in shorter hospital stays. OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to investigate whether a shorter hospital stay of 2  days leads to increased @entity1 after TE. Factors affecting the duration of hospitalization were also studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The relevant data of all @entity0 (>=   14  years) undergoing TE in the ENT Clinic of the Charit   Universit  tsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, between  2011 and  2013 were recorded anonymously. Risk factors for @entity2 after TE were analyzed. Additionally, @entity0 who had a hospital stay of 2  days (since  2013) were compared with @entity0 hospitalized for  >=   3  days, and the influence of various risk factors on the length of hospital stay was analyzed. RESULTS: During the study period 2011-2013, 376  procedures were performed and data from 213  @entity0 was collected for analysis. Median @entity0 age was 26  years (range 14-73  years). The rate of primary @entity2 (up to 24  hours after TE) was 2   % and the rate of secondary @entity2 (later than 24  hours) was 24   %. In 7% of @entity0 with @entity1 (primary and secondary) surgical hemostasis was performed. Male gender was associated with a significantly higher @entity2 rate. Shortening postdischarge surveillance to only 2  days did not affect the @entity1 rate. CONCLUSION: The duration of stationary monitoring following TE should not only be based on the rate of secondary @entity2 , but also on @entity0 comfort and safety. A shortening of postoperative monitoring to only 2  days had no effect on the @entity2 frequency after TE and can therefore, be considered for adults who do not live alone and are within a reasonable distance to a hospital.

title: [Tonsillectomy in adults : Length of hospital stay has no influence on the frequency of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 is the deadliest gynaecological disease because of the high mortality rate and there is no any symptom in @entity1 early stage. It was often the @entity1 period when @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity2 and thus delays a good opportunity of treatment. The current common method for detecting @entity2 is blood testing for analyzing the @entity1 marker CA-125 of serum. However, specificity and sensitivity of CA-125 are insufficient for early detection. Therefore, it has become an urgent issue to look for an efficient method which precisely detects the @entity1 markers for @entity2 . This study aims to find the target genes of @entity2 by different algorithms of information science. Feature selection and decision tree were applied to analyze 9600 @entity2 -related genes. After screening the target genes, candidate genes will be analyzed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software to create a genetic pathway model and to understand the interactive relationship in the different pathological stages of @entity2 . Finally, this research found 9 oncogenes associated with @entity2 and some genes had not been discovered in previous studies. This system will assist medical staffs in diagnosis and treatment at @entity1 early stage and improve the @entity0 's survival.

title: A Decision Tree Based Classifier to Analyze XXXX Ovarian Cancer cDNA Microarray Datasets.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 may affect any of the six extra-ocular muscles, masquerading as any type of ocular motor pathology. The frequency of involvement of each muscle is not well established in the medical literature. This study was designed to determine whether a specific muscle or combination of muscles tends to be predominantly affected. This retrospective review included 30 @entity0 with a clinical diagnosis of @entity6 who had extra-ocular muscle involvement with @entity2 at presentation. The diagnosis was confirmed by at least one of the following tests: Tensilon test, @entity4 receptor antibodies, @entity1 on chest CT scan, or suggestive electromyography. Frequency of involvement of each muscle in this cohort was inferior oblique 19 (63.3%), lateral rectus nine (30%), superior rectus four (13.3%), inferior rectus six (20%), medial rectus four (13.3%), and superior oblique three (10%). The inferior oblique was involved more often than any other muscle (p<0.01). Eighteen (60%) @entity0 had @entity5 , six (20%) of whom had bilateral @entity5 . Diagnosing @entity6 can be difficult, because the disease may mimic every pupil-sparing pattern of ocular misalignment. In addition @entity2 caused by paresis of the inferior oblique muscle is rarely encountered (other than as a part of @entity7 ). Hence, when a @entity0 presents with @entity2 resulting from an isolated @entity3 , @entity8 etiology should be highly suspected.

title: Inferior oblique muscle paresis as a sign of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Normal red cells were incubated in the absence of @entity0 to develop a system in which total @entity1 ( @entity1 ) turnover could be assessed. After 1 hr, the @entity12 pool had been completely consumed. Thereafter, the metabolism of @entity7 ( @entity8 ) to @entity6 and @entity2 was the sole significant source of @entity1 synthesis.10(-3)M @entity11 , which did not enter the cells, diminished @entity1 utilization by more than 50%. This could be only partially attributed to the inhibition by @entity3 of residual acylation and cation pumping, which were already reduced by @entity0 depletion. Other membrane enzymes, which presumably function in the maintenance of membrane integrity, must, therefore, use a significant portion of erythrocyte @entity1 . The behavior of @entity0 -depleted red cells with respect to cation transport was complex. The addition of @entity9 did not decrease @entity1 utilization in these red cells. Ouabain inhibitable @entity4 influx was nearly normal after @entity12 depletion, but total @entity4 influx was decreased. In contrast, the ouabain inhibitable @entity5 efflux was markedly reduced after @entity12 depletion, although the concentration of @entity1 was 70% of normal. The dissociation of monovalent cation pumping suggests that the energy for active @entity5 transport is derived from a specific source (such as the @entity1 produced by the @entity10 kinase reaction) distinct from that for @entity4 transport.

title: Energy metabolism in human erythrocytes. II. Effects of XXXX depletion.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increasingly, the diagnostic codes from administrative claims data are being used as clinical outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Data from the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were used to compare event rates and risk factor associations between adjudicated hospitalized cardiovascular events and claims-based methods of defining events. The outcomes of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), @entity1 , and @entity4 were defined in 3 ways: the @entity2 adjudicated event ( @entity2 [adj]), selected International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition diagnostic codes only in the primary position for Medicare claims data from the Center for Medicare _ Medicaid Services (CMS[1st]), and the same selected diagnostic codes in any position (CMS[any]). Conventional claims-based methods of defining events had high positive predictive values but low sensitivities. For instance, the positive predictive value of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Edition code 410.x1 for a new @entity3 in the first position was 90.6%, but this code identified only 53.8% of incident MIs. The observed event rates for CMS[1st] were low. For @entity3 , the incidence was 14.9 events per 1000 @entity0 -years for @entity2 [adj] @entity3 , 8.6 for CMS[1st] @entity3 , and 12.2 for CMS[any] @entity3 . In general, @entity2 risk factor associations were similar across the 3 methods of defining events. Indeed, traditional @entity2 risk factors were also associated with all first hospitalizations not resulting from an @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The use of diagnostic codes from claims data as clinical events, especially when restricted to primary diagnoses, leads to an underestimation of event rates. Additionally, claims-based events data represent a composite end point that includes the outcome of interest and selected (misclassified) nonevent hospitalizations.

title: Study of Cardiovascular Health Outcomes in the Era of Claims Data: The XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although guidelines suggest that older adults engage in regular physical activity (PA) to reduce @entity2 ( @entity2 ), surprisingly few studies have evaluated this relationship, especially in those >75 years. In addition, with advancing age the ability to perform some types of PA might decrease, making light-moderate exercise such as walking especially important to meet recommendations. METHODS AND RESULTS: Prospective cohort analysis among 4207 US @entity0 and @entity0 of a mean age of 73 years (standard deviation=6) who were free of @entity2 at baseline in the Cardiovascular Health Study were followed from 1989 to 1999. PA was assessed and cumulatively updated over time to minimize misclassification and assess the long-term effects of habitual activity. Walking (pace, blocks, combined walking score) was updated annually from baseline through 1999. Leisure-time activity and exercise intensity were updated at baseline, 1992, and 1996. Incident @entity2 (fatal or nonfatal @entity6 , @entity3 , or @entity1 ) was adjudicated using medical records. During 41   995 @entity0 -years of follow-up, 1182 @entity2 events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, greater PA was inversely associated with @entity4 , @entity1 (especially @entity5 ), and total @entity2 , even in those >= 75 years. Walking pace, distance, and overall walking score, leisure-time activity, and exercise intensity were each associated with lower risk. For example, in comparison with a walking pace <2 mph, those that habitually walked at a pace >3 mph had a lower risk of @entity4 (0.50; confidence interval, 0.38-0.67), @entity1 (0.47; confidence interval, 033-0.66), and @entity2 (0.50; confidence interval, 0.40-0.62). CONCLUSIONS: These data provide empirical evidence supporting PA recommendations, in particular, walking, to reduce the incidence of @entity2 among older adults.

title: Physical Activity and Risk of @entity4 and XXXX in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although guidelines suggest that older adults engage in regular physical activity (PA) to reduce @entity2 ( @entity2 ), surprisingly few studies have evaluated this relationship, especially in those >75 years. In addition, with advancing age the ability to perform some types of PA might decrease, making light-moderate exercise such as walking especially important to meet recommendations. METHODS AND RESULTS: Prospective cohort analysis among 4207 US @entity0 and @entity0 of a mean age of 73 years (standard deviation=6) who were free of @entity2 at baseline in the Cardiovascular Health Study were followed from 1989 to 1999. PA was assessed and cumulatively updated over time to minimize misclassification and assess the long-term effects of habitual activity. Walking (pace, blocks, combined walking score) was updated annually from baseline through 1999. Leisure-time activity and exercise intensity were updated at baseline, 1992, and 1996. Incident @entity2 (fatal or nonfatal @entity6 , @entity3 , or @entity1 ) was adjudicated using medical records. During 41   995 @entity0 -years of follow-up, 1182 @entity2 events occurred. After multivariable adjustment, greater PA was inversely associated with @entity4 , @entity1 (especially @entity5 ), and total @entity2 , even in those >= 75 years. Walking pace, distance, and overall walking score, leisure-time activity, and exercise intensity were each associated with lower risk. For example, in comparison with a walking pace <2 mph, those that habitually walked at a pace >3 mph had a lower risk of @entity4 (0.50; confidence interval, 0.38-0.67), @entity1 (0.47; confidence interval, 033-0.66), and @entity2 (0.50; confidence interval, 0.40-0.62). CONCLUSIONS: These data provide empirical evidence supporting PA recommendations, in particular, walking, to reduce the incidence of @entity2 among older adults.

title: Physical Activity and Risk of XXXX and @entity1 in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity6 (AER) are a core feature of @entity3 and a key component of social @entity2 . @entity6 are tied behaviorally to impaired ability to interpret tonal ("prosodic") features of speech that normally convey emotion, such as modulations in base pitch ( @entity7 ) and pitch variability (F0SD). These modulations can be recreated using synthetic frequency modulated (FM) tones that mimic the prosodic contours of specific emotional stimuli. The present study investigates neural mechanisms underlying @entity5 using a combined event-related potential/resting-state functional connectivity (rsfMRI) approach in 84 @entity3 / @entity4 @entity0 and 66 healthy comparison subjects. Mismatch negativity (MMN) to FM tones was assessed in 43 @entity0 /36 controls. rsfMRI between auditory cortex and medial temporal (insula) regions was assessed in 55 @entity0 /51 controls. The relationship between AER, MMN to FM tones, and rsfMRI was assessed in the subset who performed all assessments (14 @entity0 , 21 controls). As predicted, @entity0 showed robust reductions in MMN across FM stimulus type (p = 0.005), particularly to modulations in F0M, along with impairments in AER and FM tone discrimination. MMN source analysis indicated @entity6 , whereas rsfMRI analyses showed reduced auditory-insula connectivity. MMN to FM tones and functional connectivity together accounted for    50% of the variance in AER performance across individuals. These findings demonstrate that impaired preattentive processing of tonal information and reduced auditory-insula connectivity are critical determinants of social @entity2 in @entity3 , and thus represent key targets for future research and clinical intervention. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: @entity3 @entity0 @entity1 in the ability to infer emotion based upon tone of voice [auditory emotion recognition (AER)] that @entity2 in social cognition and global functional outcome. This study evaluated neural substrates of @entity5 in @entity3 using a combined event-related potential/resting-state fMRI approach. @entity0 showed impaired mismatch negativity response to emotionally relevant frequency modulated tones along with impaired functional connectivity between auditory and medial temporal (anterior insula) cortex. These deficits contributed in parallel to @entity5 and accounted for    50% of variance in AER performance. Overall, these findings demonstrate the importance of both @entity6 and @entity5 in the pathophysiology of social @entity2 in @entity3 .

title: Neural Substrates of Auditory Emotion Recognition Deficits in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a unique disorder affecting generally the older age group. Numerous studies have been done on various aspects of @entity2 such as pathogenesis, rate of malignant transformation, etc. However, very few studies are available with respect to clinical features especially association of @entity1 and @entity2 . This study aims at studying the clinical aspects of @entity2 and study the association between @entity1 and @entity2 in a south Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 58 @entity0 with @entity2 who attended the outpatient department of our institution were included in the study and a complete history, followed by thorough intraoral examination was done. All the data were recorded and assessed for statistical analysis using SPSS software. RESULTS: We found that the male to female ratio affected with @entity2 was 1:1 and the most common form of @entity2 that was seen was the reticular subtype. Also, buccal mucosa was the most common affected site and more than 60% @entity0 had @entity1 associated with the site affected by @entity2 . We found a statistically significant relation between the reticular type of @entity2 and the older age group (51-70 years) with @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Although further studies are required to say anything conclusively, post-inflammatory changes occurring the mucosa due to @entity2 could be a cause for @entity1 in the sites affected.

title: A clinical study on oral lichen planus with special emphasis on XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Systemic to pulmonary flow from bronchial circulation, important in perfusing potentially @entity0 regions distal to @entity5 , depends on driving pressure between an upstream site in intrathoracic systemic arterial network and pulmonary vascular bed. The reported increase of @entity6 in @entity2 may be due to a reduction of this driving pressure. We measured upstream element for driving pressure for systemic to pulmonary flow from bronchial circulation by raising pulmonary venous pressure ( @entity3 ) until the systemic to pulmonary flow from bronchial circulation ceased. We assumed that this was the same as upstream pressure when there was flow. Systemic to pulmonary flow from bronchial circulation was measured in left lower lobes (LLL) of 21 anesthetized open-chest @entity1 from volume of blood that overflowed from pump-perfused (90-110 ml/min) pulmonary vascular circuit of LLL and was corrected by any changes of LLL fluid volume (wt). Systemic to pulmonary flow from bronchial circulation upstream pressure was linearly related to systemic arterial pressure (slope = 0.24, R = 0.845). Increasing @entity3 caused a progressive reduction of systemic to pulmonary flow from bronchial circulation, which stopped when @entity3 was 44 +/- 6 cm @entity4 and pulmonary arterial pressure was 46 +/- 7 cm @entity4 . A further increase in @entity3 reversed systemic to pulmonary flow from bronchial circulation with blood flowing back into the @entity1 . When net systemic to pulmonary flow from bronchial circulation by the overflow and weight change technique was zero a small bidirectional flow (3.7 +/- 2.9 ml.min-1 X 100 g dry lobe wt-1) was detected by dispersion of tagged red blood cells that had been injected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Upstream pressure for systemic to pulmonary flow from bronchial circulation in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Between 1970 and 1983, resection arthroplasty was done as a salvage procedure for twenty-eight knees (twenty-six @entity0 ) with @entity1 after total arthroplasty. Eleven @entity0 had multiarticular @entity2 ; fourteen, @entity3 ; and one, multiarticular @entity5 . Systemic signs of @entity1 were eliminated in all @entity0 and local signs, in 89 per cent of the @entity0 . After resection arthroplasty alone, fifteen @entity0 were able to walk independently. Six @entity0 with monoarticular @entity3 who found the resection arthroplasty to be unacceptable had a successful secondary arthrodesis. In three @entity0 a spontaneous bone fusion developed after the resection, with the knee in a good position. Two @entity0 who were unable to walk before the resection arthroplasty were still unable to do so postoperatively. Neither the @entity0 's disease nor the type of prosthesis that had been used was a reliable predictor of success of the resection arthroplasty. The @entity0 who had had the most severe disability before the total knee arthroplasty were most likely to be satisfied. @entity0 who had had @entity4 were more likely to find the results of resection arthroplasty to be unsatisfactory.

title: Resection arthroplasty as a salvage procedure for a knee with XXXX after a total arthroplasty.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A retrospective analysis was done of the rates of local recurrence in eighty-one @entity0 in whom soft-tissue @entity4 in the extremities and the trunk were treated by surgery only. The minimum length of follow-up was six years or until @entity3 . The surgical margin was wide in all @entity0 according to the definition of the surgical staging system of Enneking et al., but we defined three types of wide margin. None of them included a whole anatomical compartment, so that the radical resection, as defined by the surgical staging system, was excluded from the study. The crude rates of local recurrence in the three subgroups that were studied differed significantly. There was no correlation between the rate of local recurrence and the histological grade of @entity1 . Our findings suggest that the subclassification of the wide margin that we have applied to the surgical staging system of Enneking et al. is of value. The low rates of recurrence (less than 10 per cent) for @entity2 , and intramuscular lesions that were treated by primary myectomy, were comparable with those of radical resections and usually were followed by minor loss of function. The higher rate of recurrence (30 per cent) for the third subgroup, which included @entity1 that were not treated by myectomy, was comparable with the rates found in other studies.

title: Surgical margins for soft-tissue XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effects of @entity5 (PB) anesthesia on arterial pressure, heart rate, and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) were studied in chronically instrumented intact @entity1 and @entity1 with sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation (SAD). In intact @entity1 , PB caused an initial decrease in mean arterial pressure from 82 +/- 2 to 42 +/- 5 mm Hg, which then returned to the control level within 5 min. @entity0 increased by 144 +/- 19% in response to @entity2 induced by PB then also returned to the control level within 5 min. Heart rate increased by 56 +/- 10 from 244 +/- 11 beats/min and remained elevated for 60 min. Sensitivities of baroreflex control of heart rate and @entity0 were markedly impaired by PB anesthesia. In SAD @entity1 , PB caused @entity2 (-46 +/- 5 mm Hg), which lasted for 15 min. @entity0 decreased initially by 80 +/- 5%, then gradually returned toward the control level. However, at 45 min after injection of PB, @entity0 was still depressed significantly. @entity3 induced by PB was abolished by SAD, i.e. heart rate actually decreased by 53 +/- 10 beats/min. These results suggest that in intact @entity1 steady-state effects of PB were: no change in mean arterial pressure or @entity0 , and @entity3 , all due to baroreflex compensation. However, in the absence of baroreflex compensation, PB elicited @entity2 , @entity4 , and a decrease in @entity0 .

title: Effect of pentobarbital anesthesia on renal sympathetic nerve activity in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: High-dose (1-3.5 g/m2) @entity4 ( @entity5 ) followed by whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT) has consistently improved length of survival in @entity3 ( @entity3 ), but the prognosis remains dismal. To optimize and enhance the dose intensity of @entity5 , we applied @entity5 at 8 g/m2 to 20 @entity0 with @entity3 . In an effort to lower the risk of @entity6 treatment sequelae, the WBRT dose was reduced to 30 Gy in cases of complete remission after @entity5 therapy. Further, omission of WBRT and administration of stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) were undertaken in 3 older @entity0 . The overall response rate to the @entity5 therapy was 83%. The median progression free survival (PFS) was 54 months with a median overall survival (OS) of 57 months. Achieving a complete response after @entity5 therapy was significantly associated with a longer PFS. Late @entity6 was encountered in 4 (50%) of 8 @entity0 who were aged 60 years or older and received WBRT, but in none of 12 @entity0 who were aged less than 60 years or avoided WBRT. All older @entity0 who underwent SRT sustained complete remission without a @entity2 . Intensifying the @entity5 dosage to 8 g/m2 appears more promising in comparison to results reported with @entity5 doses of 1-3.5 g/m2. In younger @entity0 , the establishment of complete remission by intensified @entity5 therapy and subsequent WBRT with a relatively lower dose could promise durable @entity1 remission with an acceptable @entity6 . In older @entity0 , WBRT should be avoided to sustain a meaningful survival, and SRT may provide a valid strategy in terms of enhancing @entity2 control without undue risk.

title: Long-term remission of XXXX by intensified methotrexate chemotherapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: When vaccines are administered to groups, the physical reactions of the recipients may be similar, causing a form of mass reaction, the mechanism for which is the same as that for mass reactions from other causes. These phenomena have been categorised as mass @entity2 (MPI), and have been defined as the collective occurrence of a constellation of symptoms suggestive of organic illness but without an identified cause in a group of @entity0 with shared beliefs about the cause of the symptom(s). A review of the literature shows that such outbreaks have been reported in differing cultural and environmental settings including developing and industrialised countries, in the work place, on public transport, in schools, and the military. The perceived threats have been against agents such as @entity6 , fire and toxic gases. Whatever the place or perceived threat, the response seems to be similar. The symptoms generally included @entity1 , @entity5 , @entity3 , and @entity4 . Once under way, MPIs are not easy to stop. Incidents reported in the literature show that they can quickly gather momentum and can be amplified by the press who disseminate information rapidly, escalating the events. Management of such mass events can be extremely difficult. Should the public health official in charge continue to try and determine the cause, or should this @entity0 call off the entire investigation? It is suggested here that once vaccines are identified as a probable cause of the phenomenon, a dismissive approach may actually be harmful. Unless the spokesperson has already earned a high level of trust, the public are not likely to be convinced easily that nothing was wrong with the vaccine until it has been tested. An increased awareness of MPIs on the part of organisers of future mass vaccination campaigns seems appropriate. Immunisation managers should be aware that mass immunisation campaigns could generate such mass reactions. It is therefore essential that surveillance/reporting systems for reporting adverse events be improved before such campaigns. A mass campaign using a @entity7 vaccine should be accompanied by a surveillance system capable of distinguishing between multiple cases of conventionally understood vaccine reactions and outbreaks of mass @entity2 .

title: Mass XXXX after vaccination.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The findings of autopsies performed on 35 @entity7 subjects in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, between January 1981 and December 1985 are presented. This is the first report based on autopsy findings from Malaysia. The @entity0 were elderly subjects with a mean age of 74 years. Sixty-six percent had @entity8 . None had active @entity4 . The most common cause of @entity3 was @entity5 , particularly @entity11 . @entity6 was noted in 25% of the cases. The other important causes of @entity3 included cardiac and @entity2 . @entity1 were evident in 71% of the cases, and the most common pathology was @entity9 . Generalized @entity10 complicated six (17%) @entity0 .

title: Autopsy findings in 35 cases of XXXX in Malaysia.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Comprehension of connected language as assessed by the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was studied in 17 @entity0 with left hemisphere lesions (LL) and 11 with right hemisphere lesions (RL). LL @entity0 's significantly lower performance on several subtests than left controls (LC) matched by age, sex, race, and social class appeared to be related to the memory demands of these subtests rather than the limited syntactic elements assessed by the @entity2 . LL subjects requested significantly more command repetitions than control or RL subjects and when a repetition was not requested LL subjects often responded with immediacy. Although RL @entity0 tended to perform lower than right matched controls (RC), these differences were not significant nor readily related to either the memory or specific linguistic structures assessed. RL subjects required fewer command repetitions than LL subjects and exhibited a significantly greater frequency of immediate responses than controls or LL subjects. While based on few @entity0 , a trend for LL @entity0 with retrorolandic lesions to perform more poorly than those with @entity1 was suggested. No systematic difference in performance was apparent for @entity0 with left cortical vs. left @entity1 or among discrete sites of lesions within the right hemisphere. @entity0 with left lesions prior to 1 year of age performed no better and, in several instances, significantly poorer than LL @entity0 sustaining lesions after 1 year of age. Among RL subjects, those sustaining lesions after 1 year of age had greater difficulty than those with lesion onset before 1 year of age, especially on linguistic elements which seemed to be dependent upon visual spatial properties. Further studies are needed to evaluate the comprehension of more complex linguistic structures among @entity0 with unilateral @entity1 as well as to study the role of more basic factors such as memory and attention in explaining the present findings.

title: Unilateral @entity1 in childhood: performance on the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Comprehension of connected language as assessed by the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was studied in 17 @entity0 with left hemisphere lesions (LL) and 11 with right hemisphere lesions (RL). LL @entity0 's significantly lower performance on several subtests than left controls (LC) matched by age, sex, race, and social class appeared to be related to the memory demands of these subtests rather than the limited syntactic elements assessed by the @entity2 . LL subjects requested significantly more command repetitions than control or RL subjects and when a repetition was not requested LL subjects often responded with immediacy. Although RL @entity0 tended to perform lower than right matched controls (RC), these differences were not significant nor readily related to either the memory or specific linguistic structures assessed. RL subjects required fewer command repetitions than LL subjects and exhibited a significantly greater frequency of immediate responses than controls or LL subjects. While based on few @entity0 , a trend for LL @entity0 with retrorolandic lesions to perform more poorly than those with @entity1 was suggested. No systematic difference in performance was apparent for @entity0 with left cortical vs. left @entity1 or among discrete sites of lesions within the right hemisphere. @entity0 with left lesions prior to 1 year of age performed no better and, in several instances, significantly poorer than LL @entity0 sustaining lesions after 1 year of age. Among RL subjects, those sustaining lesions after 1 year of age had greater difficulty than those with lesion onset before 1 year of age, especially on linguistic elements which seemed to be dependent upon visual spatial properties. Further studies are needed to evaluate the comprehension of more complex linguistic structures among @entity0 with unilateral @entity1 as well as to study the role of more basic factors such as memory and attention in explaining the present findings.

title: Unilateral XXXX in childhood: performance on the @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Using software programs provided by Coulter Electronics, we have developed an analysis system that would address problems encountered in DNA flow cytometric analysis of heterogeneous @entity2 populations, especially where the G2-M phase of the diploid population contaminates the S-phase of the aneuploid population, causing an overestimation of cells in S phase. We used the PARA 1 and PARA 2 programs in concert and developed three analysis models: (a) for @entity2 ; (b) for @entity2 with overlapping populations; and (c) for near-diploid @entity2 . Our purpose in this paper is to determine the limits and reproducibility of this analysis system with an emphasis on @entity2 with overlapping populations. Aliquots of frozen, pulverized @entity0 tissue (50 to 100 mg), routinely used in the @entity4 receptor assay, were used for routine flow cytometric measurement of the DNA index and S-phase fraction. To determine the accuracy of the analysis when overlapping populations were present, we mixed an @entity0 cell line with @entity1 blood lymphocytes in varying ratios. @entity3 % mixture of aneuploid cells, the lowest mixture tested, still allowed analysis results within 95% confidence limits. Reproducibility of the system was assessed on frozen @entity0 tissue by intra- and interassay variation studies measuring cell cycle parameters and @entity5 peak width. Within any sample the amount of variation (+/- 2 SD) for the G0-G1 value was +/- 4.40 for intraassay and +/- 4.60 for interassay, and the amount of variation for S phase was +/- 3.0 and +/- 3.2 for intraassay and interassay, respectively. There was no difference in the variation of estimates for G2-M (+/- 2.6 for both intra- and interassay). In this study, the @entity5 peak greater than 5% was defined as unacceptable for accurate analysis, with the conclusion that S-phase fractions in @entity2 can be routinely analyzed in @entity1 @entity0 biopsies despite @entity2 cell heterogeneity.

title: Evaluation of a modeling system for S-phase estimation in XXXX by flow cytometry.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 are relatively rare @entity1 , which may be treated using several modalities. We reviewed the results of @entity3 wire implants performed at the Royal Berkshire Hospital between 1994 and 2000. 24 @entity0 had iridium wire implants as primary treatment for @entity1 . Four @entity0 were treated after excision biopsy with close or involved margins. One @entity0 was treated for a recurrence after surgery. The median age at treatment was 61 years. There were 18 @entity0 and 11 @entity0 . 21 @entity0 had @entity1 of the tongue and eight of the floor of mouth. 13 had T1 @entity1 and 11 had T2a @entity1 . The median follow up was 42 months. The primary @entity1 was controlled in 22 of the 29 @entity0 by the implant alone. Of the seven @entity0 with local recurrence four were successfully salvaged with surgery. The acturarial 2 year survival rates were: overall survival 81%, disease specific survival 91%, local recurrence free survival 85% and nodal relapse free survival 76%. The recorded complication rate was low, one @entity0 developing radionecrosis of the mandible at 7 years post implant. We believe these results show that brachytherapy remains a treatment option for @entity0 with early @entity4 with a high rate of local control and low @entity2 .

title: XXXX -192 implantation for T1 and T2a @entity4 : retrospective study of the results of treatment at the Royal Berkshire Hospital.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 are relatively rare @entity1 , which may be treated using several modalities. We reviewed the results of @entity3 wire implants performed at the Royal Berkshire Hospital between 1994 and 2000. 24 @entity0 had iridium wire implants as primary treatment for @entity1 . Four @entity0 were treated after excision biopsy with close or involved margins. One @entity0 was treated for a recurrence after surgery. The median age at treatment was 61 years. There were 18 @entity0 and 11 @entity0 . 21 @entity0 had @entity1 of the tongue and eight of the floor of mouth. 13 had T1 @entity1 and 11 had T2a @entity1 . The median follow up was 42 months. The primary @entity1 was controlled in 22 of the 29 @entity0 by the implant alone. Of the seven @entity0 with local recurrence four were successfully salvaged with surgery. The acturarial 2 year survival rates were: overall survival 81%, disease specific survival 91%, local recurrence free survival 85% and nodal relapse free survival 76%. The recorded complication rate was low, one @entity0 developing radionecrosis of the mandible at 7 years post implant. We believe these results show that brachytherapy remains a treatment option for @entity0 with early @entity4 with a high rate of local control and low @entity2 .

title: @entity3 -192 implantation for T1 and T2a XXXX : retrospective study of the results of treatment at the Royal Berkshire Hospital.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The reproducibility of motor unit twitches obtained using spike-triggered averaging (STA) was examined in the @entity0 first dorsal interosseus. For each motor unit (30 total) a series of STA twitches was derived using a 30 s averaging window. Within each averaging window, eight independent measures characterizing motor unit discharge and whole muscle force properties were recorded. These included the mean and standard deviation (S.D.) of the interspike interval (ISI), the mean and S.D. of pre and post-trigger ISIs used in averaging, and mean and S.D. of whole muscle force. To determine the relative importance of the independent variables on twitch reproducibility, the variables were used in a multiple regression analysis performed on STA twitch peak force (PF), @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and time of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). It was found that PF was significantly correlated to the mean and S.D. of whole muscle force, and mean post-trigger ISI. @entity1 was significantly correlated to the S.D. of the post-trigger ISI and mean whole muscle force while @entity2 was related to the mean and S.D. of the pre-trigger ISI and the mean post-trigger ISI. It was concluded that by minimizing whole muscle force variability and the mean and S.D. of acceptable ISIs used in the STA process, the reproducibility of the STA twitch is improved.

title: Factors affecting the stability of the spike-triggered averaged force in the XXXX first dorsal interosseus muscle.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Permanent @entity5 produces time-dependent changes in surviving subendocardial cellular properties. We compared the functional alterations in Purkinje (P) and ventricular muscle (VM) activation early (24 hr) and late (4 weeks or greater) after permanent @entity5 in an in vitro preparation of @entity3 papillary muscle. High-density extracellular (1 to 2 mm resolution) and selected intracellular recordings were made in five animals early and seven animals late during stimulation of a free-running P strand. Activation patterns of P and VM layers from @entity1 and unaffected papillary muscles were compared in the same animal. Average P layer conduction velocity was determined in normal and @entity1 regions with the use of a linear array of recording and stimulating electrodes. Purkinje activation was altered little in the early phase of @entity4 , while healing was associated with a generalized 25% reduction in P layer conduction velocity and localized block and fragmentation of P waveforms. Intracellular recordings at sites of nonsynchronous P activation revealed electrotonic interaction between cell groups. At 24 hr, small groups of VM were present but with abnormal activation patterns in regions of @entity0 with fragmented and delayed extracellular waveforms produced by partially uncoupled groups of cells. Local delay and block could be modulated by rate and site of stimulation. After healing, VM activation abruptly stopped at the @entity2 , marked by a characteristic "end potential." These studies demonstrate important differences in the functional attributes of the P and VM layers studied early and late after @entity5 . Alterations in cell-to-cell relationships are likely very important in determining abnormalities of activation in both settings.

title: Alterations in endocardial activation of the XXXX papillary muscle early and late after myocardial infarction.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Ninety-five specimens of 14 freshwater fish species from small streams in the Kuala Terengganu district and the Lake Kenyir Reservoir, Malaysia, were surveyed for @entity0 . Six fish species proved to be @entity0 . In all of these fishes Goussia species were found in unsporulated and semisporulated stages. O  cysts of four species inhabiting the intestinal epithelium became sporulated in tap-water within 24 hours. In two fish species sporulation failed and only unsporulated o  cysts were recorded in the intestine. Three of the intestinal species finishing sporulation proved to be new to science and were described as Goussia malayensis @entity1 ., G. bettae @entity1 . and G. pogonognathi @entity1 . from Apocheilus panchax, Betta splendens and Hemirhamphodon pogonognatus, respectively. The fourth species, found in Trichogaster pectoralis, was identified as G. trichogasteri Sz  kely _ Moln  r, 1992, a species known from aquarium-cultured T. trichopterus.

title: A survey of XXXX of freshwater fishes of Peninsular Malaysia, with descriptions of three species of Goussia Labb  , 1896 (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae).

answer: @entity0


abstract: A 29-year-old nullipara was admitted at 31 weeks' gestation because of @entity10 . She noted gradually @entity6 , severe thirst, malaise, @entity0 and @entity2 . A @entity5 test and administration of aqueous vasopressin confirmed the diagnosis of @entity7 . At 33 weeks' gestation, blood chemistry studies revealed moderately elevated transaminase levels and @entity8 . Male twins were delivered by vacuum extraction at 35 weeks' gestation. After delivery, she became drousy and icterus appeared. @entity3 with marked @entity8 was diagnosed. She was treated with @entity1 solution with glucagon and soluble insulin, branched chain @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity12 and @entity11 . Her consciousness cleared rapidly and all laboratory data became normal by 15 days postpartum. The urine volume was about 5 liters per day from the first to sixth postpartum day. The diuresis decreased after the eighth postpartum day. Rare pregnancy complicated by transient @entity7 and @entity3 is discussed.

title: Transient XXXX associated with @entity3 in pregnancy.

answer: @entity7


abstract: A 29-year-old nullipara was admitted at 31 weeks' gestation because of @entity10 . She noted gradually @entity6 , severe thirst, malaise, @entity0 and @entity2 . A @entity5 test and administration of aqueous vasopressin confirmed the diagnosis of @entity7 . At 33 weeks' gestation, blood chemistry studies revealed moderately elevated transaminase levels and @entity8 . Male twins were delivered by vacuum extraction at 35 weeks' gestation. After delivery, she became drousy and icterus appeared. @entity3 with marked @entity8 was diagnosed. She was treated with @entity1 solution with glucagon and soluble insulin, branched chain @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity12 and @entity11 . Her consciousness cleared rapidly and all laboratory data became normal by 15 days postpartum. The urine volume was about 5 liters per day from the first to sixth postpartum day. The diuresis decreased after the eighth postpartum day. Rare pregnancy complicated by transient @entity7 and @entity3 is discussed.

title: Transient @entity7 associated with XXXX in pregnancy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between several physical fitness parameters and eyesight divided into 3 grades in @entity2 @entity0 and young male adults, and to investigate the effect of mild exercise training on physical and @entity5 as well as @entity3 . Four subjects were @entity6 ( @entity6 ), 6 were semi-blind (SB) and 27 had amblyopia (AM). Physical fitness tests consisted of maximal @entity1 uptake (Vo2max), maximal pedalling speed and power, maximal stepping rate, and isometric knee extension strength. Compared with AM and SB groups, the @entity6 group was inferior in all physical fitness parameters. Especially, Vo2max, in @entity6 (26 ml.kg-1. @entity4 ) was about 56% of that in age-matched Japanese sighted subjects and was significantly low compared with the AM and SB groups. Both muscle strength and maximal pedalling power corresponded to about 50% that of the age-matched sighted group. Six SB and 4 @entity6 students (mean = 17.7 years) were trained for 6 weeks on a bicycle ergometer at an intensity of 50% VO2max. Training was undertaken for 3 days per week and maintained for 60 min per session. After training, physical and @entity5 determined by the Cornell Medical Index improved significantly. These results indicate that low physical work capacity in @entity2 @entity0 and young male adults is due to the lack of physical activity, and that mild endurance training is effective in improving physical and @entity5 as well as @entity3 .

title: Physical work capacity and effect of endurance training in XXXX @entity0 and young male adults.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between several physical fitness parameters and eyesight divided into 3 grades in @entity2 @entity0 and young male adults, and to investigate the effect of mild exercise training on physical and @entity5 as well as @entity3 . Four subjects were @entity6 ( @entity6 ), 6 were semi-blind (SB) and 27 had amblyopia (AM). Physical fitness tests consisted of maximal @entity1 uptake (Vo2max), maximal pedalling speed and power, maximal stepping rate, and isometric knee extension strength. Compared with AM and SB groups, the @entity6 group was inferior in all physical fitness parameters. Especially, Vo2max, in @entity6 (26 ml.kg-1. @entity4 ) was about 56% of that in age-matched Japanese sighted subjects and was significantly low compared with the AM and SB groups. Both muscle strength and maximal pedalling power corresponded to about 50% that of the age-matched sighted group. Six SB and 4 @entity6 students (mean = 17.7 years) were trained for 6 weeks on a bicycle ergometer at an intensity of 50% VO2max. Training was undertaken for 3 days per week and maintained for 60 min per session. After training, physical and @entity5 determined by the Cornell Medical Index improved significantly. These results indicate that low physical work capacity in @entity2 @entity0 and young male adults is due to the lack of physical activity, and that mild endurance training is effective in improving physical and @entity5 as well as @entity3 .

title: Physical work capacity and effect of endurance training in @entity2 XXXX and young male adults.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are a useful in vitro model of @entity0 @entity1 . An experiment was designed to assess the likely therapeutic advantage of hyperfractionation--a proposed strategy in radiotherapy. A cell line ( @entity4 -G) derived from @entity0 @entity3 was grown as @entity1 . This @entity1 line is radiosensitive with low capacity for repair of sublethal radiation damage. These properties make @entity4 -G a suitable line to test the theoretical advantage of hyperfractionation. @entity1 were irradiated using alternative fractionated regimens, with fraction sizes varying from 0.5 to 4 Gy. In each experiment, the total dose was chosen to make the regimens theoretically isoeffective for damage to late-responding normal tissues (calculated using the linear-quadratic mathematical model with alpha/beta = 3 Gy). The radiation responses of @entity1 were evaluated using the end-points of regrowth delay and "proportion cured". Regimens using smaller doses per fraction were found to be markedly more effective in causing @entity2 @entity1 , as assessed by either end-point. These experimental findings support the proposal that hyperfractionation should be a therapeutically advantageous strategy in the treatment of @entity1 whose radiobiological properties are similar to those of the @entity1 line @entity4 -G.

title: The effect on @entity0 XXXX spheroids of fractionated radiation regimes calculated to be equivalent for damage to late responding normal tissues.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are a useful in vitro model of @entity0 @entity1 . An experiment was designed to assess the likely therapeutic advantage of hyperfractionation--a proposed strategy in radiotherapy. A cell line ( @entity4 -G) derived from @entity0 @entity3 was grown as @entity1 . This @entity1 line is radiosensitive with low capacity for repair of sublethal radiation damage. These properties make @entity4 -G a suitable line to test the theoretical advantage of hyperfractionation. @entity1 were irradiated using alternative fractionated regimens, with fraction sizes varying from 0.5 to 4 Gy. In each experiment, the total dose was chosen to make the regimens theoretically isoeffective for damage to late-responding normal tissues (calculated using the linear-quadratic mathematical model with alpha/beta = 3 Gy). The radiation responses of @entity1 were evaluated using the end-points of regrowth delay and "proportion cured". Regimens using smaller doses per fraction were found to be markedly more effective in causing @entity2 @entity1 , as assessed by either end-point. These experimental findings support the proposal that hyperfractionation should be a therapeutically advantageous strategy in the treatment of @entity1 whose radiobiological properties are similar to those of the @entity1 line @entity4 -G.

title: The effect on XXXX @entity3 spheroids of fractionated radiation regimes calculated to be equivalent for damage to late responding normal tissues.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for the treatment of young adult @entity0 with purely refractive accommodative @entity2 . SETTING: Private practice and university hospital, Milan, Italy. METHODS: The medical records of consecutive @entity0 who had PRK for @entity1 associated with purely refractive @entity2 were reviewed retrospectively. Preoperative and postoperative visual acuity, alignment, and sensory data were recorded and analyzed. Surgical methods and complications were reviewed. RESULTS: Sixteen eyes of 8 @entity0 were treated. The mean @entity0 age at the time of treatment was 24.6 years (range 17 to 38 years). All @entity0 were followed for 1 year. At the 1-year follow-up evaluation, the uncorrected visual acuity was 20/40 or better in all eyes. No @entity0 lost a line of best spectacle-corrected visual acuity. The mean spherical equivalent was -3.7 diopters (D) preoperatively and -0.7 D postoperatively. All @entity0 were within +/-0.37 D of emmetropia at the 1-year evaluation. Preoperatively, the mean esotropic deviation was 10.75 prism diopters. Postoperatively, all @entity0 were orthophoric without correction. Stereopsis was unaffected by PRK in all @entity0 . There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. CONCLUSION: Photorefractive keratectomy was an effective treatment for @entity2 associated with mild to moderate @entity1 in young adults with purely refractive accommodative @entity2 . These findings should not be widely applied to @entity0 with accommodative @entity2 .

title: Photorefractive keratectomy for the treatment of purely refractive accommodative XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In order to assess the reliability of Doppler echocardiography in the determination of mean @entity1 38 consecutive @entity0 (pts) affected by rheumatic @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were analyzed by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography (CWD). Cardiac catheterization (CATH) was performed within 24 hours from echocardiographic examination. The mean diastolic @entity1 ( @entity1 ) at CATH was calculated by planimetry from simultaneously recorded left ventricular and pulmonary artery wedge pressure. The maximal velocity profile through the mitral valve was used to calculate pressure gradient by CWD. A mean @entity1 was calculated for each @entity0 by the planimetered velocity profile throughout diastole. @entity1 determined by CATH ranged from 6 to 31 mmHg (mean 15.2 +/- 6.0); @entity1 determined by CWD ranged from 4 to 18 mmHg (mean 10 +/- 3.7). The correlation between CWD and CATH by linear regression analysis was: y = 0.53 X + 1.8; r = 0.85; p less than 0.001. Mean % error of CWD in the assessment of @entity1 was 34.7%. In conclusion this study indicates that CWD seems systematically underestimate @entity1 with respect to CATH. The identification of CWD flow tracings "optimal" for analysis could not represent the maximal velocity of transmitral jet, which is a complex three dimensional entity. In addition non-simultaneous determinations of gradient and day-to-day variations in cardiac output may account for discrepancies between CWD and CATH measurements.

title: [Determination of the transvalvular gradient using continuous wave Doppler in @entity0 with XXXX . Correlation with the hemodynamic method].

answer: @entity2


abstract: In order to assess the reliability of Doppler echocardiography in the determination of mean @entity1 38 consecutive @entity0 (pts) affected by rheumatic @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were analyzed by continuous wave Doppler echocardiography (CWD). Cardiac catheterization (CATH) was performed within 24 hours from echocardiographic examination. The mean diastolic @entity1 ( @entity1 ) at CATH was calculated by planimetry from simultaneously recorded left ventricular and pulmonary artery wedge pressure. The maximal velocity profile through the mitral valve was used to calculate pressure gradient by CWD. A mean @entity1 was calculated for each @entity0 by the planimetered velocity profile throughout diastole. @entity1 determined by CATH ranged from 6 to 31 mmHg (mean 15.2 +/- 6.0); @entity1 determined by CWD ranged from 4 to 18 mmHg (mean 10 +/- 3.7). The correlation between CWD and CATH by linear regression analysis was: y = 0.53 X + 1.8; r = 0.85; p less than 0.001. Mean % error of CWD in the assessment of @entity1 was 34.7%. In conclusion this study indicates that CWD seems systematically underestimate @entity1 with respect to CATH. The identification of CWD flow tracings "optimal" for analysis could not represent the maximal velocity of transmitral jet, which is a complex three dimensional entity. In addition non-simultaneous determinations of gradient and day-to-day variations in cardiac output may account for discrepancies between CWD and CATH measurements.

title: [Determination of the transvalvular gradient using continuous wave Doppler in XXXX with @entity2 . Correlation with the hemodynamic method].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Echinacea purpurea, a plant originally used by native Americans to treat @entity2 , has also been shown to exert immunomodulatory activities both in vivo and in vitro. However, the mechanism underlying Echinacea-induced immunomodulation remains largely unknown. This study examined in vitro the effects of soluble extracts of E. purpurea on natural killer (NK) cells present in @entity0 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Flow cytometric methods were used to examine activation, @entity1 , NK-target binding, and killer cell frequency. Treatment of PBMC with Echinacea overnight resulted in the activation of @entity5 expression and increase in mean fluorescence intensity in both the @entity4 + and @entity4 + @entity3 + NK subsets. However, the frequency of @entity4 + cells was decreased as well as the mean fluorescence intensity was down-regulated. NK @entity1 was augmented 100% at the concentration of 0.1 microg/ml of Echinacea in a short time (4-h) assay. Examination at the single cell level revealed augmentation of the frequency of @entity3 + NK-target conjugates and a plateau was reached after 30-60 min of incubation. Likewise, the frequency of @entity3 + killer cells in the conjugates was also significantly increased by Echinacea. There was recruitment of non-conjugated @entity3 + cells into @entity4 + NK-target conjugates and activation of the NK-target non-killer conjugates into killer cells. These findings demonstrate that Echinacea extracts are potent activators of NK @entity1 . Echinacea augments the frequency of NK target conjugates and activates the programming for lysis of NK cells.

title: Mechanism of activation of XXXX peripheral blood NK cells at the single cell level by Echinacea water soluble extracts: recruitment of lymphocyte-target conjugates and killer cells and activation of programming for lysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of full-body @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in multiple @entity1 @entity0 in comparison to 128-multislice computed tomography (MSCT). Materials and Methods: 106 multiple @entity1 @entity0 (female: 33; male: 73) were retrospectively included in this study. All @entity0 underwent @entity4 of the whole body, including extremities, and MSCT covering the neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. The diagnostic accuracy of @entity4 for the detection of @entity2 of the truncal skeleton and pneumothoraces was evaluated in comparison to MSCT by two observers in consensus. Extremity @entity2 detected by @entity4 were documented. Results: The overall sensitivity of @entity4 was 49.2%, the specificity was 93.3%, the positive predictive value was 91%, and the negative predictive value was 57.5%. The overall sensitivity for @entity2 was 16.7%, and the specificity was 100%. The sensitivity was 48.7% and the specificity 98.2% for all other @entity2 . Pneumothoraces were detected in 12 @entity0 by CT, but not by @entity4 .40 extremity @entity2 were detected by @entity4 , of which 4 @entity2 were dislocated, and 2 were fully covered by MSCT. Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of @entity4 is limited in the evaluation of acute @entity1 of the truncal skeleton. @entity4 allows fast whole-body X-ray imaging, and may be valuable for detecting extremity @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 in addition to MSCT. Key Points:       The overall sensitivity of @entity4 for @entity1 in multiple- @entity1 @entity0 was <50%.      The diagnostic reference standard MSCT is the preferred and reliable imaging modality.      @entity4 may be valuable for quick detection of extremity @entity2 . Citation Format:       J  res APW., Heverhagen JT, Bon  l H etal. Diagnostic Accuracy of Full-Body Linear X-Ray Scanning in @entity3 @entity0 in  Comparison to Computed Tomography. Fortschr R  ntgenstr 2016; 188: 163-171.

title: Diagnostic Accuracy of Full-Body Linear X-Ray Scanning in  XXXX @entity0 in Comparison to Computed Tomography.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of full-body @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in multiple @entity1 @entity0 in comparison to 128-multislice computed tomography (MSCT). Materials and Methods: 106 multiple @entity1 @entity0 (female: 33; male: 73) were retrospectively included in this study. All @entity0 underwent @entity4 of the whole body, including extremities, and MSCT covering the neck, thorax, abdomen, and pelvis. The diagnostic accuracy of @entity4 for the detection of @entity2 of the truncal skeleton and pneumothoraces was evaluated in comparison to MSCT by two observers in consensus. Extremity @entity2 detected by @entity4 were documented. Results: The overall sensitivity of @entity4 was 49.2%, the specificity was 93.3%, the positive predictive value was 91%, and the negative predictive value was 57.5%. The overall sensitivity for @entity2 was 16.7%, and the specificity was 100%. The sensitivity was 48.7% and the specificity 98.2% for all other @entity2 . Pneumothoraces were detected in 12 @entity0 by CT, but not by @entity4 .40 extremity @entity2 were detected by @entity4 , of which 4 @entity2 were dislocated, and 2 were fully covered by MSCT. Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of @entity4 is limited in the evaluation of acute @entity1 of the truncal skeleton. @entity4 allows fast whole-body X-ray imaging, and may be valuable for detecting extremity @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 in addition to MSCT. Key Points:       The overall sensitivity of @entity4 for @entity1 in multiple- @entity1 @entity0 was <50%.      The diagnostic reference standard MSCT is the preferred and reliable imaging modality.      @entity4 may be valuable for quick detection of extremity @entity2 . Citation Format:       J  res APW., Heverhagen JT, Bon  l H etal. Diagnostic Accuracy of Full-Body Linear X-Ray Scanning in @entity3 @entity0 in  Comparison to Computed Tomography. Fortschr R  ntgenstr 2016; 188: 163-171.

title: Diagnostic Accuracy of Full-Body Linear X-Ray Scanning in  @entity3 XXXX in Comparison to Computed Tomography.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The early impact on the heart of severe burns has all been well documented previously. Here, we report on the late effects of burns upon the heart, and @entity2 , such aspects having been little reported previously in the literature. METHODS: Over the past 8 years (June 1991 to December 1998), 55 scalded or flame-burnt @entity0 for whom the total burnt body surface area (TBSA) exceeded 50% were treated. Seventeen @entity0 survived and were followed up. The mean age was 44 years. The mean follow-up period was 47.3 months; four @entity0 displayed a previous history of @entity1 . We used several parameters to evaluate and follow cardiac status to see the late effect of burns upon the heart. RESULTS: Of 17 @entity0 , 3 @entity0 (17.7%) were found to exhibit @entity2 after a mean time of 6 months post-injury. A dramatic recovery from symptoms and roentgenographic findings were observed for all @entity0 following symptomatic treatment. CONCLUSION: Here we report three cases of delayed @entity2 , a condition that has been little reported in the past. There may be many causating factors. Several recommendations are described.

title: XXXX for major burn injuries.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The suppressive function of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is critical to the maintenance of immune homeostasis in vivo and yet, the specific identification of Tregs by phenotypic markers is not perfect. Tregs were originally identified in the @entity1 + @entity4 + fraction of T cells, but @entity3 expression was later included as an additional marker of Tregs as @entity3 expression was identified as being critical to the development and function of these cells. Intracellular expression of @entity3 makes it difficult in using to isolate live and not permeabilized cells for functional assays. As such @entity1 + @entity4 + fraction is still frequently used for functional assays of Tregs. Although, the @entity1 + @entity4 + fraction substantially overlaps with the @entity3 + fraction, the minor mismatch between @entity1 + @entity4 + and @entity3 + fractions may confound the functional characteristics of Tregs. In this study, we isolated @entity1 + @entity3 + as well as @entity1 + @entity4 + fractions from @entity3 knock-in @entity0 , and compared their proliferative and suppressive activity in the presence or absence of various concentrations of @entity2 . Our results showed comparable patterns of proliferative and suppressive responses for both fractions, except that contrary to the @entity1 + @entity4 + fraction the @entity3 + fraction did not proliferate in an autocrine fashion even in response to a strong stimulation. In presence of exogenous @entity2 , both @entity1 + @entity4 + and @entity1 + @entity3 + fractions were more sensitive than the @entity1 + @entity4 - responder cells in proliferative responsiveness. In addition, a low dose @entity2 enhanced whereas a high dose abrogated the suppressive activities of the @entity1 + @entity4 + and @entity1 + @entity3 + fractions. These results may provide an additional understanding of the characteristics of the various fractions of isolated Tregs based on phenotype and function and the role of varying levels of exogenous @entity2 on the suppressive activity of these cells.

title: Functional Modulation of Regulatory T Cells by XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We conducted a prospective study to investigate the @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 by computed tomography (CT). Our study population was made up of 99 @entity0 -68 males and 31 females, aged 6 to 22 years (mean: 13.5)-who had unilateral @entity3 without any @entity1 . We compared our findings in these @entity0 with those in 50 controls-33 males and 17 females, aged 5 to 22 years (mean: 15.0)-who had normal ears. We classified the @entity3 @entity0 into three groups (A, B, and C) according to their Jahrsdoerfer grading scale score (>= 8; 6 or 7; and  <=5, respectively). The course of the facial nerve canal in both the controls and the study @entity0 was determined by temporal bone CT with multiplanar reconstruction. The distances from different parts of the facial nerve canal to surrounding structures were also measured. The course of the facial nerve canal in the normal ears did not vary much, and there were no statistically significant differences according to head side and sex. In groups B and C, the tympanic segment, mastoid segment, and angle of the second genu of the facial nerve canal were all significantly smaller than those of the controls (p < 0.01 in all cases). Statistically, the @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 was downwardly displaced. The mastoid segment of the facial nerve canal in these @entity0 was more anterior than that of the controls. We conclude that @entity3 is often accompanied by @entity2 , especially in the tympanic segment, the mastoid segment, and the second genu. We found that the lower the Jahrsdoerfer score was, the shorter the tympanic segment was and the more forward the mastoid segment was.

title: An imaging study of the facial nerve XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1- @entity7 - @entity6 ) is a rare @entity2 characterized by recurrent life-threatening @entity1 and/or @entity3 and caused by mutations affecting the C1 inhibitor gene, @entity7 . We sought to investigate the spectrum of @entity7 mutations in Serbia and the possible genotype-phenotype association. C1- @entity7 - @entity6 was diagnosed on the basis of clinical and laboratory criteria in 40 @entity0 from 27 families; four were asymptomatic. Mutational analysis of the @entity7 gene was performed by sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Disease-causing mutations in @entity7 were identified in all @entity0 . In C1- @entity7 - @entity6 type I, we identified 19 different mutations, including 6 missense mutations, 6 nonsense mutations, 2 small deletions, 1 small insertion, 2 splicing defects and 2 large deletions. Two of the mutations ( @entity9 and @entity10 ) are reported here for the first time. All C1- @entity7 - @entity6 type II @entity0 from three families harboured the same substitution ( @entity11 ). Based on the type of mutation identified in the @entity7 gene, @entity0 were divided into two groups: group 1 (nonsense, frameshift, large deletions/insertions, splicing defect, and mutations at @entity4 444) or group 2 (missense, excluding mutations at Arg444). Significant differences were found in the clinical severity score (P = 0.005), prevalence of laryngeal (P = 0.040) and facial (P = 0.013) @entity1 , and long-term prophylaxis (P = 0.023) between the groups with different types of mutations. Because our population consisted of related subjects, differences in the severity score between mutation groups were further confirmed using the generalized estimating equation (P = 0.038). Our study identified 20 different disease-causing mutations, including two novel mutations, in all C1- @entity7 - @entity6 @entity0 , highlighting the heterogeneity of mutations in the @entity7 gene. Furthermore, it appears that mutations with a clear effect on @entity8 function might be responsible for a more severe disease phenotype.

title: XXXX Due to @entity5 in Serbia: Two Novel Mutations and Evidence of Genotype-Phenotype Association.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (C1- @entity7 - @entity6 ) is a rare @entity2 characterized by recurrent life-threatening @entity1 and/or @entity3 and caused by mutations affecting the C1 inhibitor gene, @entity7 . We sought to investigate the spectrum of @entity7 mutations in Serbia and the possible genotype-phenotype association. C1- @entity7 - @entity6 was diagnosed on the basis of clinical and laboratory criteria in 40 @entity0 from 27 families; four were asymptomatic. Mutational analysis of the @entity7 gene was performed by sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Disease-causing mutations in @entity7 were identified in all @entity0 . In C1- @entity7 - @entity6 type I, we identified 19 different mutations, including 6 missense mutations, 6 nonsense mutations, 2 small deletions, 1 small insertion, 2 splicing defects and 2 large deletions. Two of the mutations ( @entity9 and @entity10 ) are reported here for the first time. All C1- @entity7 - @entity6 type II @entity0 from three families harboured the same substitution ( @entity11 ). Based on the type of mutation identified in the @entity7 gene, @entity0 were divided into two groups: group 1 (nonsense, frameshift, large deletions/insertions, splicing defect, and mutations at @entity4 444) or group 2 (missense, excluding mutations at Arg444). Significant differences were found in the clinical severity score (P = 0.005), prevalence of laryngeal (P = 0.040) and facial (P = 0.013) @entity1 , and long-term prophylaxis (P = 0.023) between the groups with different types of mutations. Because our population consisted of related subjects, differences in the severity score between mutation groups were further confirmed using the generalized estimating equation (P = 0.038). Our study identified 20 different disease-causing mutations, including two novel mutations, in all C1- @entity7 - @entity6 @entity0 , highlighting the heterogeneity of mutations in the @entity7 gene. Furthermore, it appears that mutations with a clear effect on @entity8 function might be responsible for a more severe disease phenotype.

title: @entity5 Due to XXXX in Serbia: Two Novel Mutations and Evidence of Genotype-Phenotype Association.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity7 (MCLR) is a cyanobacterial hepatotoxin and protein phosphatase inhibitor that contaminates water reservoirs worldwide. MCLR localizes to the cytosol of hepatocytes, however, immunohistochemical studies indicate that it accumulates in the nucleus. MCLR @entity6 is associated with decreased hepatic protein phosphatase activity, but effects in nuclear protein phosphatase activity have not been investigated. Balb/c @entity0 were given lethal (100 microg/kg) or sublethal (12, 23 and 45 microg/kg) i.p. doses of MCLR and hepatic nuclear extracts were analyzed for protein phosphatase 1 and 2A activity. There was profound inhibition of nuclear protein phosphatase activity within 50 min of lethal dosing, however an inhibition was not detected with sublethal doses. MCLR immunohistochemistry revealed widespread lobular staining in the lethal group and centrilobular staining in the sublethal groups. At the cellular level there was nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of equal intensity. As an indicator of nuclear protein phosphatase activity, the phosphorylation of @entity4 , a nuclear phosphoprotein and known substrate for protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, was evaluated. Balb/c @entity0 were treated with sublethal doses of MCLR or saline vehicle after induction of hepatic @entity4 by the DNA damaging agent @entity1 ( @entity2 ). @entity4 was immunoprecipitated and probed with @entity5 specific antibodies by Western blotting. There was greater @entity5 reactivity of @entity4 protein in animals treated with MCLR relative to saline treated controls, consistent with increased phosphorylation of @entity3 sites. It is concluded that an interaction of this toxin with nuclear protein phosphatases occurs within 50 min of lethal dosing, which leads to a profound inhibition of enzymatic activity. Even sublethal doses of MCLR that do not result in significant inhibition of activity in bulk nuclei, result in detectable changes in phosphorylation of @entity4 .

title: Inhibition of nuclear protein phosphatase activity in @entity0 hepatocytes by the cyanobacterial toxin XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 (MCLR) is a cyanobacterial hepatotoxin and protein phosphatase inhibitor that contaminates water reservoirs worldwide. MCLR localizes to the cytosol of hepatocytes, however, immunohistochemical studies indicate that it accumulates in the nucleus. MCLR @entity6 is associated with decreased hepatic protein phosphatase activity, but effects in nuclear protein phosphatase activity have not been investigated. Balb/c @entity0 were given lethal (100 microg/kg) or sublethal (12, 23 and 45 microg/kg) i.p. doses of MCLR and hepatic nuclear extracts were analyzed for protein phosphatase 1 and 2A activity. There was profound inhibition of nuclear protein phosphatase activity within 50 min of lethal dosing, however an inhibition was not detected with sublethal doses. MCLR immunohistochemistry revealed widespread lobular staining in the lethal group and centrilobular staining in the sublethal groups. At the cellular level there was nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of equal intensity. As an indicator of nuclear protein phosphatase activity, the phosphorylation of @entity4 , a nuclear phosphoprotein and known substrate for protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, was evaluated. Balb/c @entity0 were treated with sublethal doses of MCLR or saline vehicle after induction of hepatic @entity4 by the DNA damaging agent @entity1 ( @entity2 ). @entity4 was immunoprecipitated and probed with @entity5 specific antibodies by Western blotting. There was greater @entity5 reactivity of @entity4 protein in animals treated with MCLR relative to saline treated controls, consistent with increased phosphorylation of @entity3 sites. It is concluded that an interaction of this toxin with nuclear protein phosphatases occurs within 50 min of lethal dosing, which leads to a profound inhibition of enzymatic activity. Even sublethal doses of MCLR that do not result in significant inhibition of activity in bulk nuclei, result in detectable changes in phosphorylation of @entity4 .

title: Inhibition of nuclear protein phosphatase activity in XXXX hepatocytes by the cyanobacterial toxin @entity7 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The ability of the phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)s) from Crotalus durissus cascavella, Crotalus durissus collilineatus and Crotalus durissus terrificus venoms and @entity9 to increase the vascular permeability in the @entity1 skin as well as the contribution of both mast cells and sensory C-fibers have been investigated in this study. Vascular permeability was measured as the plasma extravascular accumulation at skin sites of intravenously injected 125I-human serum albumin. Intradermal injection of crotalic PLA(2)s (0.05-0.5 microg/site) in the @entity1 skin resulted in dose-dependent increase in plasma extravascular whereas @entity9 (1 microg/site) failed to affect this response. Co-injection of @entity9 (1 microg/site) did not modify the increased vascular permeability induced by the PLA(2)s (0.05-0.5 microg/site). Previous treatment (30 min) of the animals with @entity7 (2 mg/kg, i.p.) markedly reduced PLA(2) (0.5 microg/site)-induced @entity0 . In @entity1 treated neonatally with @entity4 to deplete neuropeptides, the plasma extravasation induced by all PLA(2)s (0.5 microg/site) was also significantly reduced. Similarly, the @entity6 NK(1) receptor antagonist @entity8 (1nmol/site) significantly reduced the PLA(2)-induced @entity0 . In addition, the combination of @entity8 with @entity7 further reduced the increased plasma extravasation by PLA(2) from C. d. cascavella venom, but not by PLA(2) from C. d. terrificus and C. d. collilineatus venoms. Our results suggest that increase in skin vascular permeability by crotalic PLA(2)s is mediated by activation of sensory C-fibers culminating in the release of substance P, as well as by activation of mast cells which in turn release @entity5 such as @entity2 and @entity3 .

title: XXXX induced by phospholipases A2 isolated from Crotalus durissus sp. in the @entity1 dorsal skin: a role for mast cells and sensory C-fibers.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The ability of the phospholipases A(2) (PLA(2)s) from Crotalus durissus cascavella, Crotalus durissus collilineatus and Crotalus durissus terrificus venoms and @entity9 to increase the vascular permeability in the @entity1 skin as well as the contribution of both mast cells and sensory C-fibers have been investigated in this study. Vascular permeability was measured as the plasma extravascular accumulation at skin sites of intravenously injected 125I-human serum albumin. Intradermal injection of crotalic PLA(2)s (0.05-0.5 microg/site) in the @entity1 skin resulted in dose-dependent increase in plasma extravascular whereas @entity9 (1 microg/site) failed to affect this response. Co-injection of @entity9 (1 microg/site) did not modify the increased vascular permeability induced by the PLA(2)s (0.05-0.5 microg/site). Previous treatment (30 min) of the animals with @entity7 (2 mg/kg, i.p.) markedly reduced PLA(2) (0.5 microg/site)-induced @entity0 . In @entity1 treated neonatally with @entity4 to deplete neuropeptides, the plasma extravasation induced by all PLA(2)s (0.5 microg/site) was also significantly reduced. Similarly, the @entity6 NK(1) receptor antagonist @entity8 (1nmol/site) significantly reduced the PLA(2)-induced @entity0 . In addition, the combination of @entity8 with @entity7 further reduced the increased plasma extravasation by PLA(2) from C. d. cascavella venom, but not by PLA(2) from C. d. terrificus and C. d. collilineatus venoms. Our results suggest that increase in skin vascular permeability by crotalic PLA(2)s is mediated by activation of sensory C-fibers culminating in the release of substance P, as well as by activation of mast cells which in turn release @entity5 such as @entity2 and @entity3 .

title: @entity0 induced by phospholipases A2 isolated from Crotalus durissus sp. in the XXXX dorsal skin: a role for mast cells and sensory C-fibers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 is a standard for adult @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Use in pediatric @entity0 remains controversial. Our primary objective was to investigate whether adverse events occurred more frequently in teenage pediatric @entity0 receiving @entity4 for @entity1 . METHODS: This retrospective study examines records from the Halifax Procedural Sedation Registry, collected between January 1, 2006 and May 31, 2013. @entity0 undergoing @entity1 using @entity4 were divided into those aged 16 to 19 years (teenagers), 20 to 65 years (adults), and older than 65 years (seniors). The primary outcomes were the incidences of @entity3 and @entity2 . RESULTS: Four thousand sixty-three EDPSs were included in the analysis, of which 230 involved teenagers, 2853 adults (mean age, 43.0 years), and 980 seniors (mean age, 77.1). The teenage group was significantly less likely to develop @entity3 or @entity2 . These differences were confirmed on multivariate analysis. @entity0 in the teenage group received higher doses of @entity4 per kilogram/minute than the other groups. No other differences met statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Teenage @entity0 receiving @entity1 with @entity4 had a lower incidence of adverse events, and both received and tolerated larger adjusted doses of medication than older @entity0 . Satisfaction and duration of @entity1 were similar. Concerns about @entity4 use in younger @entity0 have not been supported by this study. We believe that these findings support the use of @entity4 for @entity1 in older teenagers.

title: Emergency Procedural Sedation With XXXX in Older Teenagers: Any Cause for Concern?

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: we study the @entity6 tolerance to water deficit and the dynamics of adaptive process at the level of the membrane. METHODS AND RESULTS: A. brasilense was exposed to @entity1 ( @entity2 ) growth and @entity2 shock. Tolerance, phospholipids and @entity0 composition and membrane fluidity were determined. A. brasilense was able to grow in the presence of @entity2 however viability was reduced. Cells grown with @entity2 showed membrane fluidity similar to those grown without, the lipid composition was modified, increasing @entity4 and decreasing @entity5 amounts. The unsaturation @entity3 degree was reduced. The dynamics of the adaptive response revealed a decrease in fluidity 20 minutes after the addition of @entity2 , indicating that the @entity2 has a fluidizing effect on the hydrophobic region of the cell membrane. Fluidity returned to initial values after 60 minutes of @entity2 exposure. CONCLUSION: A. brasilense is able to perceive osmotic changes by changing membrane fluidity. This effect is offset by changes in the composition of membrane phospholipid and @entity0 , contributing to the homeostasis of membrane fluidity under water deficit. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This knowledge can be used to develop new A. brasilense formulations showing an adapted membrane to water deficit. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Reorganization of XXXX cell membrane is mediated by lipid composition adjustment to maintain optimal fluidity during water deficit.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Through @entity0 activity lead has become a serious environmental neurotoxin, known to affect activity levels, attention and both sensory and cognitive function in @entity0 . Study of lead would be facilitated by having a model system that could be manipulated easily and quickly. We find @entity2 ideal as such, and we have been studying effects of lead on courtship, fecundity and locomotor activity. We raised Canton-S flies from eggs to adult day 6-7 on medium made with @entity3 solution (2-100 microgram/g), or with distilled water, and we measured adult body lead burdens by means of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP- @entity1 ). To measure courtship effectiveness, five virgin females and five virgin males were transferred into an empty vial and the number of females that mated within 20min was recorded. To measure fecundity, all adult offspring from eggs produced by one female within 12 days of mating were counted. To measure locomotor activity, individual flies were transferred to a grid-labeled petri dish and the number of lines crossed in 30s was counted. The number of females mating within 20min was increased significantly by exposure to 2 or 8 microgram/g lead, and was decreased significantly by exposure to 20 or 50 microgram/g lead. Fecundity was increased significantly by exposure to 2 microgram/g lead, but was unaffected by exposure to 20 microgram/g lead. Locomotor activity was consistently higher for males than for females, and was significantly reduced only by exposure to 50 microgram/g lead, and then only for males. We thus defined for @entity2 a lowest observable effect level (LOEL) of 2 microgram/g lead, which is considerably lower than the doses shown previously to affect this animal. The dose-response curve was biphasic for the number of females mating within 20min, an example of hormesis, a non-linear response that has been reported for low levels of stressors as diverse as pollutants and radiation. We hope from further studies with @entity2 to understand better how lead affects the developing nervous system, and thus ultimately its effects on @entity0 .

title: Behavioral effects of chronic exposure to low levels of lead in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Upper cervical spine fractures in the elderly represent serious injuries. Their frequency is on the rise. Their early accurate diagnosis might be compromised by the existence of extensive @entity1 . Adequate stabilisation allowing @entity2 healing is of paramount importance. However, the debate is ongoing as to the best protocol that can be applied taking into consideration the presence of comorbidities and the increase risk of mortality in this frail @entity0 population. A literature review, based on PubMed, related to protocols reporting on @entity2 fixation of the upper cervical spine, fractures ( @entity3 ) was carried out. Papers including information about type of @entity2 , treatment carried out, complication rates, mortality and morbidities were eligible to be included in this study. Fourteen papers met the inclusion criteria. Six reported on all types of injuries of the upper cervical spine, and eight only odontoid fractures (C2). Overall mortality rate ranged between 0 to 31.4%. Overall morbidity rate was from 10.3 to 90.9%. No significant difference was identified between three types of treatment (rigid collar cuff without @entity2 reduction, halo cast with @entity2 , and surgical treatment). Halo-cast got the highest rate of complications. Surgical treatment got a mortality rate from 0 to 40.0%, and a morbidity rate from 10.3 to 62.5%. Non-union rate ranged between 8.9 to 62.5%. Elderly @entity0 with upper cervical spine fractures must be notified that these injuries are associated with high incidence of non-union, morbidity and mortality.

title: Management of upper cervical spine fractures in elderly XXXX : current trends and outcomes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Epidemiological and mechanistic evidence on the causative role of @entity0 papillomaviruses (HPV) in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is unclear. We retrieved @entity2 - and @entity3 -fixed paraffin-embedded @entity5 tissues from 133 @entity0 seropositive for antibodies against @entity7 , from high-incidence @entity5 regions; South Africa, China, and Iran. With rigorous care to prevent nucleic acid contamination, we analyzed these tissues for the presence of 51 mucosotropic @entity0 alpha-papillomaviruses by two sensitive, broad-spectrum genotyping methods, and for the markers of HPV-transformed phenotype: (i) @entity6 /18 viral loads by quantitative real-time PCR, (ii) type-specific viral mRNA by E6*I/E6 full-length RT-PCR assays and (iii) expression of cellular protein @entity4 ( @entity4 ) . Of 118 analyzable @entity5 tissues, 10 (8%) were positive for DNA of HPV types: 16 (four @entity1 ); 33, 35, 45 (one @entity1 each); 11 (two @entity1 ); and 16, 70 double infection (one @entity1 ). Inconsistent HPV DNA+ findings by two genotyping methods and negativity in qPCR indicated very low viral loads. A single @entity6 DNA+ @entity1 additionally harbored @entity6 E6*I mRNA but was @entity4 ( @entity4 ) negative ( @entity6 E1 seropositive @entity0 ). Another @entity6 DNA+ @entity1 from an @entity6 E6 seropositive @entity0 showed @entity4 ( @entity4 ) up-regulation but no @entity6 mRNA. In the @entity1 tissues of these serologically preselected @entity5 @entity0 , we did not find consistent presence of HPV DNA, HPV mRNA or @entity4 ( @entity4 ) up-regulation. These results were supported by a meta-analysis of 14 other similar studies regarding HPV-transformation of @entity5 . Our study does not support the etiological role of the 51 analyzed mucosotropic HPV types in the @entity5 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Mucosal Alpha-Papillomaviruses are not associated with XXXX : Lack of Mechanistic Evidence from South Africa, China and Iran and from a World-Wide Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity5