abstract: Neural @entity2 -binding proteins (NCaPs) constitute a subfamily of 4-EF-hand proteins, and display a histological and structural dichotomy: the A-type NCaPs are selectively expressed by the retina and pineal organ and display two canonical EF-hands, whereas the B-type NCaPs are found in the entire brain and present three regular EF-hands. In this study, antisera were raised against the A-type NCaP @entity5 (26 kDa) and the B-type NCaPs @entity6 and @entity7 (22 kDa). Since the sequence identity among NCaPs is high, specific polyclonal antibodies were purified by double cross-immunoaffinity chromatography; both ELISA and immunoblot analyses determined that the resulting antibodies showed selectivity ratios inferior to 1/363 for the two other related NCaPs. Besides, the anti- @entity6 antibodies displayed some affinity toward @entity8 , and the antirecoverin antibodies recognized a 24 kDa protein, which is most likely visinin. Thus, immunohistochemical studies on the @entity4 , @entity1 and @entity3 retina revealed that anti- @entity5 antibodies recognized the vertebrate photoreceptors and a small number of @entity0 bipolar cells. Anti- @entity6 antibodies exclusively labelled the inner retina, i.e. the amacrine and ganglion cells. @entity7 was mainly present in the photoreceptor inner segments, the inner plexiform layer and the ganglion cells. @entity7 showed the highest species disparity. The retinal localization of @entity7 and @entity6 offered an important morphological basis for the understanding of their function. Furthermore, specific antibodies against the NCaPs may enable the identification of cell populations in more complex neural tissues, such as the brain.

title: Distribution pattern of three neural calcium-binding proteins (NCS-1, VILIP and @entity5 ) in @entity4 , @entity3 and XXXX retina.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of prolonged overall radiation treatment (RT) time and surgery-to-radiation interval on local control (LC) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of surgically staged @entity3 @entity0 in relation to known prognostic factors. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1971 and 1993, 195 @entity3 @entity0 received postoperative RT at the Fox Chase @entity1 Center. All @entity0 underwent total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), with 38% also having lymph node sampling. All @entity0 received whole pelvic external beam RT to a median dose of 45 Gy (range 40 to 60 Gy). Sixty-nine percent received a vaginal cuff boost with either low dose rate or high dose rate brachytherapy. @entity1 and treatment factors were analyzed for impact on LC and @entity2 . Median follow-up was 47 months (range: 6 to 187 months). RESULTS: The overall actuarial 5-year LC rate was 85%. In multivariate analysis, @entity1 grade, pathologic stage, external radiation dose, and surgical lymph node evaluation were independent prognostic variables for improved LC. Surgery-to-radiation interval of greater than 6 weeks was a marginally significant factor for decreased LC (p = 0.06). Overall RT time and external beam treatment time did not appear to impact LC rates. The overall actuarial 5-year @entity2 rate was 86%. In multivariate analysis, depth of myometrial invasion, @entity1 grade, and pathologic stage were independent prognostic variables for @entity2 . In addition, a surgery-to-radiation interval of greater than 6 weeks was significantly associated with decreased @entity2 (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Surgery-to-radiation interval of greater than 6 weeks is a significant independent prognostic variable for decreased @entity2 and a marginally significant variable for decreased LC in @entity0 irradiated postoperatively for @entity3 . Other time factors (overall RT time and external beam treatment time) did not appear to impact outcome. Based on this analysis, postoperative radiation therapy for @entity3 should be initiated within 6 weeks following surgery.

title: Postoperative radiation therapy for surgically staged XXXX : impact of time factors (overall treatment time and surgery-to-radiation interval) on outcome.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effect of cold exposure (0 degrees C) on profiles of total @entity3 ( @entity3 ), energy metabolism, and blood metabolite and hormone concentrations were measured in nine shorn Suffolk rams. Blood metabolite and hormone responses to feeding and to i.v. @entity0 injection (.625 mmol/kg BW) and postprandial changes in @entity3 were also measured. Heat production was greater (P < .05) during cold exposure than in the thermoneutral environment due to enhanced (P < .05) nonprotein oxidation. Protein oxidation and @entity2 balance remained unchanged during cold exposure. Plasma glucagon concentrations increased (P < .05) during the initial period of cold exposure. Heat production increased (P < .01) after the initiation of feeding in both environments. Heat production returned gradually to prefeeding values in the thermoneutral environment, but it remained close to the higher levels during cold exposure. Plasma @entity5 and glucagon concentrations increased (P < .05), and plasma @entity4 concentrations decreased (P < .10) after the initiation of feeding in both environments. Plasma glucagon responses to feeding (P < .05) and plasma @entity5 responses to @entity0 injection (P < .01) were reduced by cold exposure. We suggest that 1) enhanced @entity3 in @entity1 exposed to cold is maintained by enhanced nonprotein oxidation and 2) endocrine responses to stimulants are influenced by cold exposure, even though profiles after cold exposure change little.

title: Effect of cold exposure on profiles of metabolic and endocrine responses and on responses to feeding and @entity0 injection in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effect of cold exposure (0 degrees C) on profiles of total @entity3 ( @entity3 ), energy metabolism, and blood metabolite and hormone concentrations were measured in nine shorn Suffolk rams. Blood metabolite and hormone responses to feeding and to i.v. @entity0 injection (.625 mmol/kg BW) and postprandial changes in @entity3 were also measured. Heat production was greater (P < .05) during cold exposure than in the thermoneutral environment due to enhanced (P < .05) nonprotein oxidation. Protein oxidation and @entity2 balance remained unchanged during cold exposure. Plasma glucagon concentrations increased (P < .05) during the initial period of cold exposure. Heat production increased (P < .01) after the initiation of feeding in both environments. Heat production returned gradually to prefeeding values in the thermoneutral environment, but it remained close to the higher levels during cold exposure. Plasma @entity5 and glucagon concentrations increased (P < .05), and plasma @entity4 concentrations decreased (P < .10) after the initiation of feeding in both environments. Plasma glucagon responses to feeding (P < .05) and plasma @entity5 responses to @entity0 injection (P < .01) were reduced by cold exposure. We suggest that 1) enhanced @entity3 in @entity1 exposed to cold is maintained by enhanced nonprotein oxidation and 2) endocrine responses to stimulants are influenced by cold exposure, even though profiles after cold exposure change little.

title: Effect of cold exposure on profiles of metabolic and endocrine responses and on responses to feeding and XXXX injection in @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: From 1978 to 1986 a total of 189 pregnant @entity1 @entity0 gave birth at our hospital. In this randomized prospective study the influence of @entity1 treatment in normoglycemic @entity0 , continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (n = 48) versus intensified conventional treatment (n = 41), is evaluated. These two groups of @entity0 are further compared to @entity0 (n = 28) who underwent conventional @entity1 treatment during pregnancy. It can be shown from our data that the rate of complications such as @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity5 can be reduced by intensified conventional and insulin pump treatment as compared to conventionally treated @entity0 with late onset of pregnancy care. As expected, in the groups of CSII and @entity6 @entity0 no difference in the rate of pregnancy complications nor in fetal outcome could be demonstrated. Among CSII pregnancies 12/48 were complicated, in the @entity6 population the respective figure was 13/41 ( @entity7 ). The mean gestational age at the time of delivery ranged between 38 and 40 weeks, depending on the severity of @entity1 . CT @entity0 were delivered earlier in all White classes. Fetal morbidity was nearly equal in CSII and @entity6 @entity0 , in CT @entity0 it was greatly enhanced. Also the mortality (perinatal and neonatal) was considerably larger in CT @entity0 (6/28), again, in the CSII and @entity6 population the mortality was nearly identical (2/48 and 3/41). We conclude, from our prospective information, that insulin pump therapy during pregnancy is indicated if intensified conventional treatment does not lead to normoglycemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Complications and fetal outcome in XXXX pregnancy. Intensified conventional versus insulin pump therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is characterized by a heterogeneous nature with a variety of problems. Therefore, individualized physical therapy might be more appropriate to address the needs for these @entity0 . AIM: The first aim was to compare the effectiveness of an individually-defined therapy program (IT) and a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on gait and gross motor function in @entity0 with @entity2 . The second aim was to evaluate interaction-effects, time-effects, treatment with botulinum toxin A, age, gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS), treatment frequency and quality as factors influencing outcome. DESIGN: An evaluator-blinded, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient rehabilitation unit. POPULATION: Forty ambulant @entity0 with @entity2 (mean age 6 years 1 month). METHODS: All @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive either IT or @entity1 over a 10 week period. Nineteen of these @entity0 were enrolled into a second and/or third program, resulting in 60 interventions. Primary outcome was assessed with the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) for gross motor function goals and z-scores for goals based on specific 3D gait parameters. Secondary outcome included the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88) scores, time and distance gait parameters, Gait Profile Score, Movement Analysis Profiles and time needed to complete Timed-Up-and-Go and Five-Times-Sit-To-Stand tests. RESULTS: There were higher, but non-significant GAS and z-score changes following the IT program compared to the @entity1 program (GAS: 46.2 for the IT versus 42.2 for the @entity1 group, P=0.332, ES 0.15; z-score: 0.135 for the IT compared to 0.072 for the @entity1 group, P=0.669, ES 0.05). Significant time-effects could be found on the GAS (P<0.001) and the GMFM-88 total score (P<0.001). Age was identified as a predictor for GAS and GMFM-88 improvement (P=0.023 and P=0.044). CONCLUSION: No significant differences could be registered between the effects of the IT and the @entity1 . The favorable outcome after the IT program was only a trend and needs to be confirmed on larger groups and with programs of longer duration. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Both programs had a positive impact on the @entity0 's motor functioning. It is useful to involve older @entity0 more actively in the process of goal setting.

title: An evaluator-blinded randomized controlled trial evaluating therapy effects and prognostic factors for a general and an individually defined physical therapy program in ambulant @entity0 with bilateral XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is characterized by a heterogeneous nature with a variety of problems. Therefore, individualized physical therapy might be more appropriate to address the needs for these @entity0 . AIM: The first aim was to compare the effectiveness of an individually-defined therapy program (IT) and a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on gait and gross motor function in @entity0 with @entity2 . The second aim was to evaluate interaction-effects, time-effects, treatment with botulinum toxin A, age, gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS), treatment frequency and quality as factors influencing outcome. DESIGN: An evaluator-blinded, randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient rehabilitation unit. POPULATION: Forty ambulant @entity0 with @entity2 (mean age 6 years 1 month). METHODS: All @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive either IT or @entity1 over a 10 week period. Nineteen of these @entity0 were enrolled into a second and/or third program, resulting in 60 interventions. Primary outcome was assessed with the Goal Attainment Scale (GAS) for gross motor function goals and z-scores for goals based on specific 3D gait parameters. Secondary outcome included the Gross Motor Function Measure-88 (GMFM-88) scores, time and distance gait parameters, Gait Profile Score, Movement Analysis Profiles and time needed to complete Timed-Up-and-Go and Five-Times-Sit-To-Stand tests. RESULTS: There were higher, but non-significant GAS and z-score changes following the IT program compared to the @entity1 program (GAS: 46.2 for the IT versus 42.2 for the @entity1 group, P=0.332, ES 0.15; z-score: 0.135 for the IT compared to 0.072 for the @entity1 group, P=0.669, ES 0.05). Significant time-effects could be found on the GAS (P<0.001) and the GMFM-88 total score (P<0.001). Age was identified as a predictor for GAS and GMFM-88 improvement (P=0.023 and P=0.044). CONCLUSION: No significant differences could be registered between the effects of the IT and the @entity1 . The favorable outcome after the IT program was only a trend and needs to be confirmed on larger groups and with programs of longer duration. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Both programs had a positive impact on the @entity0 's motor functioning. It is useful to involve older @entity0 more actively in the process of goal setting.

title: An evaluator-blinded randomized controlled trial evaluating therapy effects and prognostic factors for a general and an individually defined physical therapy program in ambulant XXXX with bilateral @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Untreated @entity0 suffering from @entity4 , @entity2 and indeterminate @entity1 , their domiciliary contacts, and healthy controls, all living in Guadeloupe, West Indies, were tested by an ELISA for detecting IgM antibodies to the terminal disaccharide of the phenolic glycolipid-I antigen of @entity3 . On most subjects, a Mitsuda test was also performed. A large majority of the @entity4 @entity0 and healthy subjects were Mitsuda positive. The seropositivity rate reached 44% among @entity4 @entity0 , and 6% among healthy subjects, with low antibody levels. @entity2 @entity0 were all Mitsuda negative and seropositive, with antibody production varying from low levels, as seen in @entity4 @entity0 , to much higher levels. Indeterminate @entity1 @entity0 included 62% Mitsuda-positive subjects and 54% seropositive subjects with a large dispersion of antibody levels. Comparing the results of the Mitsuda test to those of the ELISA by factorial analysis allowed us to define several subgroups among this population: some (25%) showed a " @entity2 -like" immune status (Mitsuda negative, seropositive); others (54%) exhibited " @entity4 -like" profiles (Mitsuda positive without antibodies or with low antibody levels). " @entity2 -like" cases were significantly older than " @entity4 -like" @entity0 . A group of subjects (17%) was Mitsuda negative and seronegative, thus displaying a true "indeterminate" immune profile, which had not been seen in other forms of the disease and had been observed in only 2 out of 51 healthy controls. A large majority of contacts was Mitsuda positive, with 33% of them being seropositive, indicating that the prevalence of @entity3 infection greatly exceeds that of overt @entity1 in this population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Use of anti-M. leprae phenolic glycolipid-I antibody detection for early diagnosis and prognosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The control region of the carAB operon, encoding @entity4 synthetase, comprises two tandem promoters (P1, upstream and P2, downstream) located 67 base-pairs apart and repressed respectively by @entity3 and @entity0 . RNA polymerase and pure @entity0 repressor bind to the P2 region in mutually exclusive ways. Repressor protects the two adjacent palindromic @entity1 boxes overlapping P2 against DNase I. Binding of RNA polymerase to P1 is abnormal; the region protected against DNase I is shifted upstream by about 20 @entity2 with respect to the position expected from the transcription startpoint. This pattern is not due to interference with polymerase binding at P2, since it is observed also in the presence of repressor and on an isolated P1 region. Binding of RNA polymerase is relatively weak and heparin-sensitive suggesting that, in vivo, an ancillary factor is required to promote the formation of an open complex. S1 nuclease mapping experiments show that the simultaneous presence of @entity3 and @entity0 represses the downstream @entity0 -specific promoter (P2) more efficiently than @entity0 alone. This effect is not due to a direct regulatory interaction between @entity3 and P2, since it is not observed when P1 is inactivated by insertion mutations or partial deletion. It has been shown that transcription initiated at P1 can proceed even when @entity0 represses P2. We therefore suggest that P2 operator- @entity0 repressor complex is destabilized by RNA polymerase binding at P1 or transcription from P1. We describe a novel technique to select for expression-down mutants in a lac fusion context.

title: Molecular interactions in the control region of the carAB operon encoding Escherichia coli XXXX synthetase.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract is influenced by primary microbial exposure and bioactive factors in breastmilk. The aim was to explore the prevalence of @entity3 in the first year of life in relation to selected exposures. @entity3 was studied in 100 healthy @entity0 at 4 and 8  weeks, 3, 6 and 12  months of age and related to delivery mode, birth weight, @entity0 health and feeding, antibiotics, antimycotics, @entity2 and probiotics in mother and @entity0 , living conditions, maternal smoking and infections The association between lactoferrin and antisecretory factor in breastmilk and maternal serum haemoglobin, @entity1 , and ferritin levels in relation to @entity3 was also explored. About 11% to 15% of the @entity0 had @entity3 at the respective age. Colonisation was fairly stable until 6  months of age. There was no conclusive impact of the investigated exposures at entry. @entity0 with a furry pet at home had a lower frequency of Candida at 3  months, (P  <  0.05) whereas all but one colonised @entity0 had older siblings at 12  months (P  <  0.01). Lactoferrin in breastmilk was negatively associated with colonisation at 6  months of age. It is concluded that 11 to 15% had @entity3 . Exposure to furry pets and siblings @entity3 .

title: Prevalence of XXXX in the first year of life.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This report deals with the operative results in 45 cases of @entity5 treated in our service during the past six years. Surgery was performed in a lateral position through a small suboccipital craniectomy. @entity1 was achieved in 37 cases and nearly total resection was performed in 8 cases to preserve the facial nerve. Major complications occurred in 2 @entity0 ; one died of @entity2 and the other had persisting @entity3 due to damage of AICA. The facial nerve was anatomically preserved in 38 cases. Six @entity0 in whom the facial nerve was not preserved underwent various types of facial nerve reconstruction. Postoperative follow-up showed excellent @entity4 in 32 cases, good function in 11 and poor function in 3. Hearing was preserved in only one case of 11 cases who had preoperatively retained auditory function. Followings are important points for the preservation of postoperative @entity4 and useful hearing. FACIAL NERVE: Intraoperative identification of facial nerve is crucial. The facial nerve was in most cases compressed ventrally by the @entity1 , however, 4 cases showed abnormal course of the facial nerve (dorsal in 1, rostral in 1 and caudal in 2 cases). The facial nerve was extremely thin and adherent at the ventral side of the @entity1 and invisible under the microscope in 60% of the cases. When the facial nerve is hardly separated from the @entity1 capsule, nearly total resection (leaving thin @entity1 capsule with the membranous facial nerve) is recommended.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Operative results in 45 cases of XXXX : technical comments on the preservation of the facial nerve and hearing function].

answer: @entity5


abstract: The proto-oncogene product, @entity9 , is a 120-kDa protein present in lymphocytes that contains numerous PXXP motifs in its @entity4 -terminal region and constitutively binds the SH3-containing adaptor protein @entity10 . Cross-linking of CD3 and @entity1 receptors in Jurkat T cells causes @entity3 phosphorylation of @entity9 and its association with @entity8 3'-kinase (Meisner, H., Conway, B., Hartley, D., and Czech, M. P. (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 3571-3578). Here we demonstrate that @entity9 is also present in nonlymphoid cells, and that @entity7 ( @entity7 ) elicits its rapid @entity3 phosphorylation in @entity0 embryonic 293 cells. Immunoprecipitates of @entity9 from lysates of these cells contain @entity10 in the basal state, while @entity7 stimulation causes co-precipitation of @entity3 -phosphorylated @entity7 receptors. Similarly, @entity2 immunoprecipitates from @entity7 -treated 293 cells contain @entity9 and @entity10 . Both @entity10 and @entity7 receptors are released from @entity9 in the presence of a @entity5 -rich peptide that binds the @entity6 -terminal SH3 domain of @entity10 . These results indicate that autophosphorylated @entity7 receptors associate with the SH2 domain of @entity10 , which is complexed through its SH3 domain with @entity5 -rich regions of @entity9 . Such recruitment of @entity9 to @entity7 receptors may reflect an important mechanism for its @entity3 phosphorylation and for assembling signaling components that mediate or modulate @entity7 actions.

title: Coupling of the proto-oncogene product @entity9 to the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The proto-oncogene product, @entity9 , is a 120-kDa protein present in lymphocytes that contains numerous PXXP motifs in its @entity4 -terminal region and constitutively binds the SH3-containing adaptor protein @entity10 . Cross-linking of CD3 and @entity1 receptors in Jurkat T cells causes @entity3 phosphorylation of @entity9 and its association with @entity8 3'-kinase (Meisner, H., Conway, B., Hartley, D., and Czech, M. P. (1995) Mol. Cell. Biol. 15, 3571-3578). Here we demonstrate that @entity9 is also present in nonlymphoid cells, and that @entity7 ( @entity7 ) elicits its rapid @entity3 phosphorylation in @entity0 embryonic 293 cells. Immunoprecipitates of @entity9 from lysates of these cells contain @entity10 in the basal state, while @entity7 stimulation causes co-precipitation of @entity3 -phosphorylated @entity7 receptors. Similarly, @entity2 immunoprecipitates from @entity7 -treated 293 cells contain @entity9 and @entity10 . Both @entity10 and @entity7 receptors are released from @entity9 in the presence of a @entity5 -rich peptide that binds the @entity6 -terminal SH3 domain of @entity10 . These results indicate that autophosphorylated @entity7 receptors associate with the SH2 domain of @entity10 , which is complexed through its SH3 domain with @entity5 -rich regions of @entity9 . Such recruitment of @entity9 to @entity7 receptors may reflect an important mechanism for its @entity3 phosphorylation and for assembling signaling components that mediate or modulate @entity7 actions.

title: Coupling of the proto-oncogene product XXXX to the @entity2 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: In @entity0 , the mating @entity3 -initiated signal is transduced by a heterotrimeric G protein and normally results in transient cell cycle arrest and differentiation. A null allele of the G alpha ( @entity5 / @entity5 ) subunit results in cell death due to unchecked signaling from the G beta gamma ( @entity1 , @entity2 , respectively) heterodimer. We have identified three high copy suppressors of @entity5 lethality. Two of these genes encode known transcription factors. Mat @entity6 and @entity4 . The third is a truncated form of a novel gene, @entity7 . Overexpressed wild type @entity7 is a weak suppressor of @entity5 . In contrast, the isolated mutant allele @entity7 -1 is a strong suppressor that completely blocks the cell cycle arrest and differentiation phenotypes of @entity5 cells of both mating types. One deletion mutant ( @entity7 delta 340) can suppress the cell cycle arrest associated with @entity5 , but the cells retain a differentiated morphology. @entity7 -1 can suppress the effects of overexpressed wild type G beta but is not able to suppress the lethality of an activated G beta mutant (STE4Hpl). Consistent with these genetic observations, the suppressing form of @entity7 can interact with the @entity1 gene product, as determined by a two-hybrid assay. @entity7 -1 is also capable of promoting @entity3 recovery in wild type cells, as judged by halo assay. The sequence of @entity7 predicts eight membrane-spanning domains. Deletion mutants of @entity7 indicate that complete @entity5 suppression requires removal of all of these hydrophobic regions. Interestingly, this truncated protein localizes to the same plasma membrane-enriched subcellular fraction as does full-length @entity7 . Three hypothetical @entity0 proteins, identified by their similarity to the @entity7 primary sequence within the @entity5 suppression domain, also appear to have related structures. The properties of @entity7 are consistent with those of a transmembrane signaling component that can respond to, or transduce signals through, G beta or G beta gamma.

title: Truncated forms of a novel XXXX protein suppress the lethality of a G protein alpha subunit deficiency by interacting with the beta subunit.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced @entity0 is a significant side effect of chemotherapeutic agents. Currently, there are no effective analgesics for chemotherapy-induced @entity0 . @entity6 is a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, which increases intracellular @entity4 in nerve and immune cells. The aim of our study was to determine the analgesic effects of @entity6 on @entity3 ( @entity7 )-induced @entity0 in @entity1 . METHODS: Chemotherapy-induced @entity0 was produced by intraperitoneal injection of @entity7 on 4 alternate days in male @entity1 . Mechanical @entity5 was measured by using von Frey filaments. RESULTS: After the @entity1 developed @entity7 -induced @entity2 behavior (such as @entity5 ), a single intraperitoneal injection and continuous infusion of @entity6 ameliorated @entity7 -induced @entity2 behavior. In addition, systemic infusion of the drug during the early phase of developing @entity2 behavior did not prevent the development of @entity5 induced by @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity6 alleviated @entity5 induced by @entity7 in @entity1 . Thus, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors may prove useful in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced @entity0 . However, further studies are needed to clarify their effects in clinical settings.

title: The Analgesic Effect of @entity6 , a Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor, on Chemotherapy-Induced XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced @entity0 is a significant side effect of chemotherapeutic agents. Currently, there are no effective analgesics for chemotherapy-induced @entity0 . @entity6 is a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, which increases intracellular @entity4 in nerve and immune cells. The aim of our study was to determine the analgesic effects of @entity6 on @entity3 ( @entity7 )-induced @entity0 in @entity1 . METHODS: Chemotherapy-induced @entity0 was produced by intraperitoneal injection of @entity7 on 4 alternate days in male @entity1 . Mechanical @entity5 was measured by using von Frey filaments. RESULTS: After the @entity1 developed @entity7 -induced @entity2 behavior (such as @entity5 ), a single intraperitoneal injection and continuous infusion of @entity6 ameliorated @entity7 -induced @entity2 behavior. In addition, systemic infusion of the drug during the early phase of developing @entity2 behavior did not prevent the development of @entity5 induced by @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity6 alleviated @entity5 induced by @entity7 in @entity1 . Thus, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors may prove useful in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced @entity0 . However, further studies are needed to clarify their effects in clinical settings.

title: The Analgesic Effect of XXXX , a Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor, on Chemotherapy-Induced @entity0 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chemotherapy-induced @entity0 is a significant side effect of chemotherapeutic agents. Currently, there are no effective analgesics for chemotherapy-induced @entity0 . @entity6 is a selective phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, which increases intracellular @entity4 in nerve and immune cells. The aim of our study was to determine the analgesic effects of @entity6 on @entity3 ( @entity7 )-induced @entity0 in @entity1 . METHODS: Chemotherapy-induced @entity0 was produced by intraperitoneal injection of @entity7 on 4 alternate days in male @entity1 . Mechanical @entity5 was measured by using von Frey filaments. RESULTS: After the @entity1 developed @entity7 -induced @entity2 behavior (such as @entity5 ), a single intraperitoneal injection and continuous infusion of @entity6 ameliorated @entity7 -induced @entity2 behavior. In addition, systemic infusion of the drug during the early phase of developing @entity2 behavior did not prevent the development of @entity5 induced by @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that @entity6 alleviated @entity5 induced by @entity7 in @entity1 . Thus, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors may prove useful in the treatment of chemotherapy-induced @entity0 . However, further studies are needed to clarify their effects in clinical settings.

title: The Analgesic Effect of @entity6 , a Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitor, on Chemotherapy-Induced @entity0 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of compound 48/80 (3.0 mg/kg) to conscious @entity0 produced a time-dependent long-lasting increase of plasma @entity4 activity (PRA). A dose-related increase of the hematocrit was also observed after injection of compound 48/80. The onset of the hematocrit increase preceded that of PRA increase. Pretreatment with a dose of more than 20 mg/kg of @entity1 H1-receptor antagonists such as @entity8 or @entity6 prior to the injection of compound 48/80 (3.0 mg/kg s.c.) attenuated or abolished the effects of compound 48/80 on PRA, hematocrit and plasma extravasation. Pretreatment with @entity7 ( @entity1 H2-receptor antagonist, 40 mg/kg i.p.) had no effect on these plasma variables. The increase of PRA caused by s.c. administration of compound 48/80 was not affected by the pretreatment with @entity2 (beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, 10 mg/kg i.p.), which completely inhibited the @entity3 (0.5 mg/kg s.c.)-induced PRA increase. Administration of compound 48/80 did not induce a significant PRA increase in the nephrectomized @entity0 although the increase of hematocrit following s.c. administration of compound 48/80 persisted despite the absence of kidneys. S.c. administration of compound 48/80 (3.0 mg/kg) led to a significant decrease of @entity1 content at the site of injection and to a significant increase in plasma @entity1 concentration without affecting arterial blood pressure. The present data suggest that s.c. administration of compound 48/80 stimulates the release of @entity1 from cutaneous mast cells, which cause an increase in vascular permeability to plasma protein via the stimulation of @entity1 H1-receptors, then leads to @entity5 . The resulting @entity5 may directly stimulate the juxtraglomerular cells of the kidney to release @entity4 .

title: Increase of plasma XXXX activity after subcutaneous application of compound 48/80 in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of compound 48/80 (3.0 mg/kg) to conscious @entity0 produced a time-dependent long-lasting increase of plasma @entity4 activity (PRA). A dose-related increase of the hematocrit was also observed after injection of compound 48/80. The onset of the hematocrit increase preceded that of PRA increase. Pretreatment with a dose of more than 20 mg/kg of @entity1 H1-receptor antagonists such as @entity8 or @entity6 prior to the injection of compound 48/80 (3.0 mg/kg s.c.) attenuated or abolished the effects of compound 48/80 on PRA, hematocrit and plasma extravasation. Pretreatment with @entity7 ( @entity1 H2-receptor antagonist, 40 mg/kg i.p.) had no effect on these plasma variables. The increase of PRA caused by s.c. administration of compound 48/80 was not affected by the pretreatment with @entity2 (beta-adrenoceptor antagonist, 10 mg/kg i.p.), which completely inhibited the @entity3 (0.5 mg/kg s.c.)-induced PRA increase. Administration of compound 48/80 did not induce a significant PRA increase in the nephrectomized @entity0 although the increase of hematocrit following s.c. administration of compound 48/80 persisted despite the absence of kidneys. S.c. administration of compound 48/80 (3.0 mg/kg) led to a significant decrease of @entity1 content at the site of injection and to a significant increase in plasma @entity1 concentration without affecting arterial blood pressure. The present data suggest that s.c. administration of compound 48/80 stimulates the release of @entity1 from cutaneous mast cells, which cause an increase in vascular permeability to plasma protein via the stimulation of @entity1 H1-receptors, then leads to @entity5 . The resulting @entity5 may directly stimulate the juxtraglomerular cells of the kidney to release @entity4 .

title: Increase of plasma @entity4 activity after subcutaneous application of compound 48/80 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The production of monoclonal antibodies to islet cell surface antigens, using hybridization of spleen lymphocytes from non-obese @entity0 (NOD) @entity1 has been reported previously from our laboratory. In the present study, the immunochemical characteristics of the monoclonal antibody ( @entity10 ) have been investigated using In-111 cells, a virus-induced @entity9 cell line derived from the @entity5 as target cells. The antibody @entity10 could be visually detected in the immunoenzymatic labelling of the surface of In-111 cells. To identify the molecular weight of target specific antigens reacting with @entity10 , 125I-surface labelled In-111 cells were solubilized and extracts were absorbed with @entity10 . The immunoprecipitates were subjected to @entity7 gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. @entity10 recognized two major polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of radioactive 64K and inactive 28K daltons. In order to evaluate antibody-mediated cytotoxic mechanisms of @entity10 , complement-dependent antibody-mediated @entity4 (C'AMC) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were tested, using a method of specific @entity8 release. In the study for C'AMC, even though over wide ranges of antibody concentration and @entity3 complement, purified @entity10 had no apparent cytotoxic effects on In-111 cells. On the other hand, significant @entity4 was observed at 10 micrograms/ml antibody concentration and 1:40 target: effector cell ratio. Finally, the effect of @entity10 on @entity6 -stimulated insulin release in isolated @entity2 islets was examined. At 16.7 mM @entity6 concentration, @entity10 significantly inhibited the insulin release in the absence or presence of complement. Therefore, @entity10 can not only bind but also be active to the target cells in the @entity4 and suppression of insulin release, and it can be a useful tool to clarify the pathogenesis of @entity0 . Furthermore, these results suggest that the relationship between islet cell surface antibody and cell-mediated immunity, especially immunoresponse against certain antigenic determinants on pancreatic B cells, seems to be important in the pathogenesis of @entity0 .

title: [Studies on the pathogenesis of @entity0 --immunochemical studies with monoclonal islet cell surface antibody using hybridization of spleen lymphocytes from non-obese XXXX @entity1 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The production of monoclonal antibodies to islet cell surface antigens, using hybridization of spleen lymphocytes from non-obese @entity0 (NOD) @entity1 has been reported previously from our laboratory. In the present study, the immunochemical characteristics of the monoclonal antibody ( @entity10 ) have been investigated using In-111 cells, a virus-induced @entity9 cell line derived from the @entity5 as target cells. The antibody @entity10 could be visually detected in the immunoenzymatic labelling of the surface of In-111 cells. To identify the molecular weight of target specific antigens reacting with @entity10 , 125I-surface labelled In-111 cells were solubilized and extracts were absorbed with @entity10 . The immunoprecipitates were subjected to @entity7 gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. @entity10 recognized two major polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of radioactive 64K and inactive 28K daltons. In order to evaluate antibody-mediated cytotoxic mechanisms of @entity10 , complement-dependent antibody-mediated @entity4 (C'AMC) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were tested, using a method of specific @entity8 release. In the study for C'AMC, even though over wide ranges of antibody concentration and @entity3 complement, purified @entity10 had no apparent cytotoxic effects on In-111 cells. On the other hand, significant @entity4 was observed at 10 micrograms/ml antibody concentration and 1:40 target: effector cell ratio. Finally, the effect of @entity10 on @entity6 -stimulated insulin release in isolated @entity2 islets was examined. At 16.7 mM @entity6 concentration, @entity10 significantly inhibited the insulin release in the absence or presence of complement. Therefore, @entity10 can not only bind but also be active to the target cells in the @entity4 and suppression of insulin release, and it can be a useful tool to clarify the pathogenesis of @entity0 . Furthermore, these results suggest that the relationship between islet cell surface antibody and cell-mediated immunity, especially immunoresponse against certain antigenic determinants on pancreatic B cells, seems to be important in the pathogenesis of @entity0 .

title: [Studies on the pathogenesis of XXXX --immunochemical studies with monoclonal islet cell surface antibody using hybridization of spleen lymphocytes from non-obese @entity0 @entity1 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The production of monoclonal antibodies to islet cell surface antigens, using hybridization of spleen lymphocytes from non-obese @entity0 (NOD) @entity1 has been reported previously from our laboratory. In the present study, the immunochemical characteristics of the monoclonal antibody ( @entity10 ) have been investigated using In-111 cells, a virus-induced @entity9 cell line derived from the @entity5 as target cells. The antibody @entity10 could be visually detected in the immunoenzymatic labelling of the surface of In-111 cells. To identify the molecular weight of target specific antigens reacting with @entity10 , 125I-surface labelled In-111 cells were solubilized and extracts were absorbed with @entity10 . The immunoprecipitates were subjected to @entity7 gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. @entity10 recognized two major polypeptides with apparent molecular weights of radioactive 64K and inactive 28K daltons. In order to evaluate antibody-mediated cytotoxic mechanisms of @entity10 , complement-dependent antibody-mediated @entity4 (C'AMC) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were tested, using a method of specific @entity8 release. In the study for C'AMC, even though over wide ranges of antibody concentration and @entity3 complement, purified @entity10 had no apparent cytotoxic effects on In-111 cells. On the other hand, significant @entity4 was observed at 10 micrograms/ml antibody concentration and 1:40 target: effector cell ratio. Finally, the effect of @entity10 on @entity6 -stimulated insulin release in isolated @entity2 islets was examined. At 16.7 mM @entity6 concentration, @entity10 significantly inhibited the insulin release in the absence or presence of complement. Therefore, @entity10 can not only bind but also be active to the target cells in the @entity4 and suppression of insulin release, and it can be a useful tool to clarify the pathogenesis of @entity0 . Furthermore, these results suggest that the relationship between islet cell surface antibody and cell-mediated immunity, especially immunoresponse against certain antigenic determinants on pancreatic B cells, seems to be important in the pathogenesis of @entity0 .

title: [Studies on the pathogenesis of @entity0 --immunochemical studies with monoclonal islet cell surface antibody using hybridization of spleen lymphocytes from non-obese @entity0 XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) @entity3 have been used extensively as hosts to study the metastatic properties of xenografted @entity0 @entity2 . It has not been fully explored to what extent the metastatic behavior of @entity0 @entity2 xenografts reflects the intrinsic properties of the @entity2 cells and to what extent it is influenced artificially by the host. The purpose of the work reported here was to evaluate the potential usefullness of athymic @entity3 for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the intrinsic metastatic properties of @entity0 @entity2 cells. Four @entity0 @entity4 cell lines (A-07, D-12, R-18, U-25) were included in the study. Quantitative intradermal and intracranial transplantation assays were used to determine the @entity5 and immunogenicity of the cell lines. The metastatic behavior of the cell lines was studied by inoculating cells intra-arterially or intravenously (artificial @entity1 ) or intradermally (spontaneous @entity1 ). The influence of the host on the incidence of @entity1 was assessed by inoculating cells intravenously in immunologically modified athymic @entity3 . Both the intradermal and intracranial @entity5 differed substantially between the cell lines. The host immune reactivity against heterotransplantation was significantly lower for D-12 than for A-07, R-18 and U-25 cells. The incidence of @entity1 was influenced significantly by the host immune reactivity. The cell lines showed organ-specific metastatic patterns in athymic @entity3 . The organs of preference were lungs for A-07 and D-12 cells, lymph nodes for R-18 cells, and brain for U-25 cells. The organ-specific metastatic pattern in athymic @entity3 reflected the pattern of distant @entity1 in the donor @entity0 . In addition, all cell lines gave rise to @entity1 in abdominal organ sites, but without organ specificity. The incidence of abdominal @entity1 was influenced significantly by the @entity5 of the cell lines. In conclusion, athymic @entity3 appear to be excellent hosts for assessment of the organ specificity in the metastatic behavior of @entity0 @entity2 . The @entity1 frequency of @entity0 @entity2 in athymic @entity3 , however, might be a misleading quantitative measure of the intrinsic metastatic propensity of the @entity2 cells, owing to the cell-line-dependent host immune reactivity.

title: Metastatic behavior of XXXX @entity2 in congenitally athymic @entity3 : intrinsic properties of the @entity2 cells and host immune reactivity.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) @entity3 have been used extensively as hosts to study the metastatic properties of xenografted @entity0 @entity2 . It has not been fully explored to what extent the metastatic behavior of @entity0 @entity2 xenografts reflects the intrinsic properties of the @entity2 cells and to what extent it is influenced artificially by the host. The purpose of the work reported here was to evaluate the potential usefullness of athymic @entity3 for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the intrinsic metastatic properties of @entity0 @entity2 cells. Four @entity0 @entity4 cell lines (A-07, D-12, R-18, U-25) were included in the study. Quantitative intradermal and intracranial transplantation assays were used to determine the @entity5 and immunogenicity of the cell lines. The metastatic behavior of the cell lines was studied by inoculating cells intra-arterially or intravenously (artificial @entity1 ) or intradermally (spontaneous @entity1 ). The influence of the host on the incidence of @entity1 was assessed by inoculating cells intravenously in immunologically modified athymic @entity3 . Both the intradermal and intracranial @entity5 differed substantially between the cell lines. The host immune reactivity against heterotransplantation was significantly lower for D-12 than for A-07, R-18 and U-25 cells. The incidence of @entity1 was influenced significantly by the host immune reactivity. The cell lines showed organ-specific metastatic patterns in athymic @entity3 . The organs of preference were lungs for A-07 and D-12 cells, lymph nodes for R-18 cells, and brain for U-25 cells. The organ-specific metastatic pattern in athymic @entity3 reflected the pattern of distant @entity1 in the donor @entity0 . In addition, all cell lines gave rise to @entity1 in abdominal organ sites, but without organ specificity. The incidence of abdominal @entity1 was influenced significantly by the @entity5 of the cell lines. In conclusion, athymic @entity3 appear to be excellent hosts for assessment of the organ specificity in the metastatic behavior of @entity0 @entity2 . The @entity1 frequency of @entity0 @entity2 in athymic @entity3 , however, might be a misleading quantitative measure of the intrinsic metastatic propensity of the @entity2 cells, owing to the cell-line-dependent host immune reactivity.

title: Metastatic behavior of @entity0 XXXX in congenitally athymic @entity3 : intrinsic properties of the @entity2 cells and host immune reactivity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) @entity3 have been used extensively as hosts to study the metastatic properties of xenografted @entity0 @entity2 . It has not been fully explored to what extent the metastatic behavior of @entity0 @entity2 xenografts reflects the intrinsic properties of the @entity2 cells and to what extent it is influenced artificially by the host. The purpose of the work reported here was to evaluate the potential usefullness of athymic @entity3 for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the intrinsic metastatic properties of @entity0 @entity2 cells. Four @entity0 @entity4 cell lines (A-07, D-12, R-18, U-25) were included in the study. Quantitative intradermal and intracranial transplantation assays were used to determine the @entity5 and immunogenicity of the cell lines. The metastatic behavior of the cell lines was studied by inoculating cells intra-arterially or intravenously (artificial @entity1 ) or intradermally (spontaneous @entity1 ). The influence of the host on the incidence of @entity1 was assessed by inoculating cells intravenously in immunologically modified athymic @entity3 . Both the intradermal and intracranial @entity5 differed substantially between the cell lines. The host immune reactivity against heterotransplantation was significantly lower for D-12 than for A-07, R-18 and U-25 cells. The incidence of @entity1 was influenced significantly by the host immune reactivity. The cell lines showed organ-specific metastatic patterns in athymic @entity3 . The organs of preference were lungs for A-07 and D-12 cells, lymph nodes for R-18 cells, and brain for U-25 cells. The organ-specific metastatic pattern in athymic @entity3 reflected the pattern of distant @entity1 in the donor @entity0 . In addition, all cell lines gave rise to @entity1 in abdominal organ sites, but without organ specificity. The incidence of abdominal @entity1 was influenced significantly by the @entity5 of the cell lines. In conclusion, athymic @entity3 appear to be excellent hosts for assessment of the organ specificity in the metastatic behavior of @entity0 @entity2 . The @entity1 frequency of @entity0 @entity2 in athymic @entity3 , however, might be a misleading quantitative measure of the intrinsic metastatic propensity of the @entity2 cells, owing to the cell-line-dependent host immune reactivity.

title: Metastatic behavior of @entity0 @entity2 in congenitally athymic @entity3 : intrinsic properties of the XXXX cells and host immune reactivity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Congenitally athymic nude (nu/nu) @entity3 have been used extensively as hosts to study the metastatic properties of xenografted @entity0 @entity2 . It has not been fully explored to what extent the metastatic behavior of @entity0 @entity2 xenografts reflects the intrinsic properties of the @entity2 cells and to what extent it is influenced artificially by the host. The purpose of the work reported here was to evaluate the potential usefullness of athymic @entity3 for qualitative and quantitative assessment of the intrinsic metastatic properties of @entity0 @entity2 cells. Four @entity0 @entity4 cell lines (A-07, D-12, R-18, U-25) were included in the study. Quantitative intradermal and intracranial transplantation assays were used to determine the @entity5 and immunogenicity of the cell lines. The metastatic behavior of the cell lines was studied by inoculating cells intra-arterially or intravenously (artificial @entity1 ) or intradermally (spontaneous @entity1 ). The influence of the host on the incidence of @entity1 was assessed by inoculating cells intravenously in immunologically modified athymic @entity3 . Both the intradermal and intracranial @entity5 differed substantially between the cell lines. The host immune reactivity against heterotransplantation was significantly lower for D-12 than for A-07, R-18 and U-25 cells. The incidence of @entity1 was influenced significantly by the host immune reactivity. The cell lines showed organ-specific metastatic patterns in athymic @entity3 . The organs of preference were lungs for A-07 and D-12 cells, lymph nodes for R-18 cells, and brain for U-25 cells. The organ-specific metastatic pattern in athymic @entity3 reflected the pattern of distant @entity1 in the donor @entity0 . In addition, all cell lines gave rise to @entity1 in abdominal organ sites, but without organ specificity. The incidence of abdominal @entity1 was influenced significantly by the @entity5 of the cell lines. In conclusion, athymic @entity3 appear to be excellent hosts for assessment of the organ specificity in the metastatic behavior of @entity0 @entity2 . The @entity1 frequency of @entity0 @entity2 in athymic @entity3 , however, might be a misleading quantitative measure of the intrinsic metastatic propensity of the @entity2 cells, owing to the cell-line-dependent host immune reactivity.

title: Metastatic behavior of @entity0 @entity2 in congenitally athymic XXXX : intrinsic properties of the @entity2 cells and host immune reactivity.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 @entity0 with @entity8 (GDM) were given two different isocaloric meal challenge tests to assess @entity4 and @entity6 responses. Forty-three pregnant @entity0 received a 400-kcal isocaloric breakfast meal tolerance test (mini-MTT). Twenty of the subjects were also given a 2000-kcal isocaloric diet with three meals and three snacks during a 24-h period (maxi- @entity3 ). This was the first study to utilize the physiologic challenge of mixed meals to compare @entity6 and @entity4 responses of both @entity2 and lean normal pregnant @entity0 and @entity0 with GDM around the clock. Normal @entity2 pregnant @entity0 had higher integrated @entity4 and @entity6 values around the 24-h clock (P less than 0.003 and less than 0.03, respectively) than lean pregnant @entity0 . @entity2 @entity0 with GDM also responded differently to the physiologic challenge of mixed meals. Some, but not all, @entity2 @entity1 subjects were markedly @entity5 in contrast to lean @entity1 @entity0 who were relatively @entity6 deficient. One normoglycemic massively @entity2 18-yr-old pregnant @entity0 was unexpectedly found to be severely @entity5 . The two meal tolerance tests clearly defined a delay in the release of @entity6 in @entity0 with GDM (lean and @entity2 ) and markedly different quantitative @entity6 responses to identical meal challenges in @entity2 @entity1 subjects. @entity7 was positively correlated with prepregnancy body mass index (kg/m2) and heavier @entity0 , but not with plasma @entity4 levels. These studies provide evidence that GDM is a heterogeneous syndrome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Metabolic and therapeutic assessment of XXXX by two-hour and twenty-four-hour isocaloric meal tolerance tests.

answer: @entity8


abstract: We studied 31 @entity0 with @entity3 , correlating mitral valve cusp motion with the continuous wave Doppler signal of @entity2 and the signal averaged electrocardiogram (ECG). Sixteen @entity0 had a B point (early partial closure) on the mitral echogram and 15 did not. Fifteen normal cases were used as controls. The duration of ventricular early potentials (< 40 microV) was measured on the signal averaged ECG of the QRS complex. The PR interval was increased in @entity0 with a B point (190 (33) ms vs. 145 (16) ms in normal, P < 0.01) and PR-AC interval was reduced (25 (71) ms vs. 65 (11) ms in normal, P < 0.05). The B point itself was effectively synchronous with the onset of low velocity early systolic @entity2 , and followed the Q wave of the succeeding beat by 20 ms or less. Early low velocity on @entity2 was not present in @entity0 without a B point. The duration of early potentials was greatly increased in @entity0 with a B point (43 (26) ms) compared both to those without (17 (20) ms, P < 0.01) and to normals (12 (7) ms, P < 0.01) and their duration correlated with B-C interval (r = 0.6, P < 0.02). We conclude that a B point on the mitral echogram in @entity0 with left @entity1 is due to early systolic low velocity @entity2 which itself results from an abnormal pattern of left ventricular activation, probably @entity4 . Once established, this low velocity jet delays complete mitral valve closure.

title: Association of reduced PR-AC interval with ventricular early potentials in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Exercise training is an important component of pulmonary rehabilitation, but it remains questionable how training intensity affects @entity0 -centered outcomes. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of 2 aerobic training intensities on health-related quality of life (HRQOL), symptom control, and exercise tolerance in subjects with @entity1 . METHODS: Thirty-four subjects with mild to very severe @entity1 participated in an equivalence/non-inferiority randomized controlled trial with a parallel group blinded to 60 or 80% maximum work rate (W max) aerobic training intensity. The intervention was an out- @entity0 pulmonary rehabilitation program conducted 3 times/week for 8 weeks. Outcomes were assessed with the St George Respiratory Questionnaire (primary outcome), Mahler's @entity2 index, London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale, 6-min walk test, and constant-load and incremental exercise tests. RESULTS: Subjects were randomly allocated to aerobic training intensity of 60% W max (group 1, n = 17) or 80% W max (group 2, n = 17). Although there were significant improvements in all outcomes for both groups, there were no between-group differences in mean change in the St George Respiratory Questionnaire (P = .31, 95% CI -12.0 to 3.9), Mahler's @entity2 index (P = .38), London Chest Activity of Daily Living scale (P = .92), 6-min walk test (P = .50, 95% CI 6.2-71.1), constant-load exercise test (P = .50), and incremental exercise test (P = .12). There was only one exercise-related adverse event of cardiac symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Aerobic training intensity of at least 60% W max has a positive impact on @entity1 @entity0 -centered outcomes, with no additional benefit of increasing intensity to 80% W max in HRQOL, symptom control, and exercise tolerance, challenging the present clinical attitude of rehabilitation professionals. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT01944072.).

title: Pulmonary Rehabilitation in XXXX : Effect of 2 Aerobic Exercise Intensities on Subject-Centered Outcomes--A Randomized Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study examined eccentric exercise-induced @entity1 and rapid adaptation. Twenty-two male subjects performed 70 eccentric actions with the knee extensors. Group A (n = 11) and group B (n = 11) repeated the same exercise 4 and 13 days after the initial bout, respectively. Criterion measures included @entity3 , muscle force generation (vertical jump height on a Kistler platform), and plasma levels of @entity2 kinase (CK), slow-twitch skeletal (cardiac beta-type) myosin heavy chains (MHC), and cardiac troponin I. Subjects were tested pre-exercise and up to day 4 following each bout. The initial exercise resulted in an increase in CK and MHC, a decrement in muscle force, and delayed onset @entity3 in all @entity0 . CK and MHC release correlated closely (rho = 0.73, p = 0.0001), both did not correlate with the decrement in muscle force generation after exercise. Because cardiac troponin I could not be detected in all samples, which excluded a protein release from the heart (cardiac beta-type MHC), this finding provides evidence for a injury of slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibers in response to eccentric contractions. Repetition of the initial eccentric exercise bout after 13 days (group B) did not cause @entity3 , a decrement in muscle reaction force with vertical jump or significant changes in plasma MHC and CK concentrations, whereas in case of repetition after 4 days (group A) only the significant increases in CK and MHC were abolished. The decrement in reaction force with vertical jump did not differ significantly from that after the initial exercise session, but perceived @entity3 was less pronounced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Rapid adaptation to eccentric exercise-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) exerts a considerable burden on the health care systems. Although many practice guidelines have been developed regarding prophylaxis and treatment of @entity1 , there is a large gap between the recommendations and the medical practice in health care centers. In this study, we tried to assess adherence of the medical team to guidelines for @entity1 in medical and surgical wards of teaching hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, a total number of 500 @entity0 were recruited among hospitalized @entity0 in neurosurgery, orthopedics, general surgery, internal medicine, and obstetrics _ gynecology departments and surgical and medical intensive care units. Afterwards, adherence to thromboprophylaxis guidelines was assessed by comparing the medical records of @entity0 with proper indications extracted from the American College of Chest Physicians Guidelines for @entity1 prophylaxis (ACCP, 9(th) edition). In other words, for each @entity0 a comparison between proper indications of receiving thromboprophylaxis and the regimen used in practice was made. RESULTS: Out of 472 @entity0 assessed with respect to the appropriateness of the administered prophylaxis, 212 (45.1%) had received proper type of thromboprophylaxis with regard to ACCP guidelines. Orthopedic surgical wards showed the highest rate of appropriateness while neurosurgical wards showed the lowest rate of adherence (76% vs. 1.8%). The overall rate of inappropriateness was 54.9% (260 @entity0 ). Inappropriateness was divided into 3 categories: 1) @entity0 had absolute indications to receive thromboprophylaxis but were not provided with any type of prophylaxis in practice (171 @entity0 , 36.2% of total), 2) in presence of absolute indications, incorrect type of prophylaxis was administered (52 @entity0 , 11% of total), 3) in absence of indications for thromboprophylaxis, @entity0 received some forms of prophylaxis (35 @entity0 , 7.4% of total). CONCLUSION: The findings of the present study showed that prophylaxis are not properly utilized and physicians' practices vary considerably among different specialties.

title: Adherence to XXXX Guidelines for Medical and Surgical Inpatients of Teaching Hospitals, Shiraz-Iran.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of Cobra perilaryngeal airway (Cobra @entity3   ) for @entity1 @entity0 under general anesthesia and also to compare the results with those of classic laryngeal mask airway (LMA   ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-three overweight and @entity1 @entity0 were included in this study. The @entity0 were randomly assigned to LMA    or Cobra @entity3    groups. Time required for intubation, successful intubation attempt, airway sealing pressure and incidence of complications including blood staining, sore throat and @entity2 were assessed and noted. RESULTS: Thirty-six and 37 @entity0 were randomly allocated to LMA    and Cobra @entity3    groups, respectively. Most @entity0 were males and had Mallampati Class II airway in both groups. The first attempt and overall insertion success for Cobra @entity3    was significantly higher compared to LMA (P<0.05). Airway insertion was more successful (P = 0.027; 94% vs. 77%) with Cobra @entity3   . Insertion times were similar with Cobra @entity3    and LMA    (Cobra @entity3   , 29.94  16.35s; LMA   , 27.00  7.88s). The oropharyngeal leak pressure in the Cobra @entity3    group (24.80  0.90 H2O) was significantly higher than that in LMA    group (19  1 @entity4 , p<0.001). Sore throat was more frequent in the LMA    group although it did not reach statistical significance (Fisher's exact test, P = 0.33). Blood staining on airway tube was seen in both groups with a higher incidence in the Cobra @entity3    group (Fisher's Exact test, P = 0.02). Incidence of @entity2 was not different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: CobraPLA    was found to be safe with low complications. It provided better airway sealing with high rate of the first insertion success for use in @entity1 and overweight @entity0 . This study recommends the use of CobraPLA    as a rescue device in emergency situations for @entity1 and overweight @entity0 .

title: Efficacy of the New Perilaryngeal Airway (CobraPLA   ) Versus the Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA   ) to Improve Oropharyngeal Leak Pressure in Obese and Overweight XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy, various growth factors and cytokines released the a-granules contained in platelets after activation can potentially enhance wound healing by delivering. We report a @entity0 in whom treatment with PRP, prepared using a syringe-centrifugation-system PRP kit (KYOCERA Medical PRP Kit), for a @entity2 following @entity4 of the lateral malleolus, which could not be healed with conventional wound therapy, led to successful healing. A 58-year-old @entity0 was on dialysis for @entity3 and @entity1 . In the left lateral malleolus, @entity4 developed, leading to a refractory @entity2 with a @entity5 measuring 4 * 3 cm, which persisted for more than 2 months. Platelet-rich plasma was prepared using the KYOCERA Medical PRP Kit (KYOCERA Medical Corporation, Osaka, Japan) and infused into the cavity twice to close it. After this procedure, the cavity size reduced, but the orifice and @entity5 were not closed. Therefore, additional PRP therapy was conducted after 10 weeks of the first PRP session. Complete closure was achieved 13 weeks after the first PRP therapy. In the present case, PRP was prepared using the KYOCERA Medical PRP Kit, and wound healing of a @entity2 with @entity5 following @entity4 of the lateral malleolus was successfully cured. The KYOCERA Medical PRP Kit was useful, because PRP could be prepared simply and inexpensively using the syringe-centrifugation system.

title: Utilization of Platelet-Rich Plasma for a Fistula With Subcutaneous Cavity Following XXXX : A Case Report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR) in pathological nodal (pN) stage @entity0 @entity1 . Also, to analyse additional clinical and pathologic prognostic factors and the impact of LNR among molecular subtypes. METHODS: Among a total of 3088 @entity1 , 1004 @entity1 with non-metastatic @entity0 were analysed. The @entity1 were classified into low ( <=0.20), intermediate (0.20 to 0.65) and high-risk (>0.65) LNR groups. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model for disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were performed to evaluate the prognostic value of LNR. RESULTS: The median LNR was 0.17 (range 0.02-1.00). Of the @entity1 , 55.7% were in low, 32.1% in intermediate, and 12.3% in high risk group. When compared with low risk group, high risk group had more often large @entity3 size and high grade @entity3 with @entity2 . The median follow-up period was 46.8 months. The 5-year @entity0 and DFS rates for @entity1 with low, intermediate, and high were 88%-67%, 65%-48% and 53%-24%, respectively (both plog-rank < 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, pN stage and LNR were both independent predictors of survival, however, an overlapping between N1 (250 months, 95% confidence interval [CI] 88.15-413.21 ) and N2 (176 months, 95% CI 129.51-222.93) curves in pN staging was determined. We also observed clear prognostic separation for triple negative @entity0 with LNR survival over pN staging. CONCLUSION: The LNR predicts survival more accurately than pN staging in @entity0 @entity1 . The use of LNR may standardize the staging and guide decisions for adjuvant treatments.

title: The lymph node ratio as an independent prognostic factor for non-metastatic XXXX recurrence and mortality.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Local expansion of @entity2 causes nonspecific symptoms, including hormone insufficiency, that may exist for years before diagnosis. Although they are more specific, symptoms of @entity9 may also remain unrecognized and give rise to difficult diagnostic problems. @entity0 do not elicit specific endocrine symptoms, whether they secrete complete gonadotropins or their biologically inactive free subunits. @entity7 is not due to @entity0 secretion in the majority of cases, including some with a @entity0 in the pituitary (compressive @entity7 ). When @entity5 is suspected, the unequivocal proof of excess @entity6 secretion is not easy to obtain, due to intermittent @entity6 secretion, both in normals and in acromegalics. The large variety of tests available for the etiological diagnosis of @entity8 indicates the diagnostic difficulties that can be encountered. Corticotrope @entity2 may be minute, and ectopic corticotropin secretion may remain occult. But on the other hand, the quality of the diagnostic tools available improves constantly. This includes new hormone measurements, such as @entity1 and its binding proteins, dynamic tests, selective pituitary blood drawing by inferior petrosal sinus catheterism, pituitary nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and @entity4 -analogue scintiscan. In addition to the improving techniques of transphenoidal neurosurgery and pituitary radiotherapy, medical management of @entity2 remains a distinct possibility. Tumor hormone secretion can be controlled in some cases by drugs such as dopaminergic agents, @entity4 analogues and @entity3 analogues, which may also exert an antitumoral mass effect. Within the next few years we will be confronted with an increasing number of incidentally discovered @entity2 , due to the frequent use of high-resolution intracranial imaging.

title: [Endocrinological aspects of hypophyseal XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Collection devices are still the most common alternative @entity0 use in coping with @entity1 . Encouraging results exist for increasing potential curative effects with electric stimulation, yet many are skeptical and undervalue its positive potential, especially in the United States. In the United Kingdom and Sweden it is considered a low-cost treatment with few side effects. @entity0 can use it for short periods of time in the clinic or at home for long-term or intermittent maintenance therapy. Commercial devices on the market are technically reliable and can be safely and easily used to treat different types of @entity1 . Studies report subjective and objective successful treatment outcomes with a single or a combination of behavioral approaches, primarily pelvic floor exercises, cones, bladder training, biofeedback, and electric stimulation. There definitely is a need to determine the efficacy of electric stimulation with controlled research, each having similar stimulation parameters to compare outcomes. At this time, no one knows precisely what treatment modality a particular @entity0 will best respond to; however, the range of improvement and cure rates are similar for a number of approaches, used singly or in combination. To add electric stimulation to a treatment program can maximize the potential for continence. The nurse's role involves being knowledgeable about the therapeutic use of electric stimulation and being thorough and competent in performing initial and ongoing @entity0 examinations and assessments in collaboration with other health care providers. In planning a treatment program individualized to meet @entity0 needs, the @entity0 ultimately makes the choice after learning about the advantages and disadvantages of each.

title: Electric stimulation: does nursing have a role in the treatment of adult XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: HLA histocompatibility antigens form part of the basis of immune reactions in transplant immunology. However, controversy surrounds their use in renal allograft organ sharing. Selected HLA-related studies in the transplant programmes of Northwestern Memorial Hospital (NWMH), Chicago, USA, and the Medical University of Southern Africa (MEDUNSA), Pretoria, are presented. In the Northwestern Memorial Hospital experience with 27 recipients of O-mismatches, 48% were mixed leucocyte culture (MLC) compatible (% relative response < 25). Actuarial graft survival rates at yearly intervals up to 5 years were 100%, 100%, 85%, 75%, 75%, compared with 75%, 65%, 65%, 55% and 55% in compatible and incompatible groups, respectively (Breslow P = 0.05 and Mantel-Cox P = 0.11). @entity0 values at yearly intervals up to 5 years were significantly better in the MLC-compatible group (Mann-Whitney U-test P < 0.05). In the MEDUNSA experience with 85 black recipients of poorly HLA-matched renal allografts of the same donor race, actuarial graft survival at yearly intervals up to 5 years was 73%, 68%, 61%, 61% and 57%. The commonest @entity1 antigens at MEDUNSA are @entity9 , A9, A2, @entity6 , @entity10 ; @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity8 , B8; @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity4 (in this order of frequency). The NWMH experience illustrates that HLA-matching improves renal allograft survival in O-mismatches. At MEDUNSA, however, satisfactory results are obtained using kidneys harvested from black donors.

title: XXXX antigens in renal transplantation. A further report on the Northwestern and MEDUNSA experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The ability to express heterologous proteins in K+ uptake-defective strains of @entity0 can be exploited to identify cDNAs encoding heterologous K+ channels. Moreover, the ability of heterologous @entity2 channels like @entity4 and AKT1 to suppress completely the conditional negative growth phenotype of @entity0 cells containing mutations in @entity5 or @entity5 and @entity6 opens the field of plant K+ channel biology to molecular approaches. Owing to the efficiency of modern techniques in molecular biology structure/function studies of K+ channels involving site-directed mutagenesis suffer, if anything, from the ability to produce more mutations than can be easily analyzed by electrophysiological techniques. The microbial aspects of @entity0 offer the opportunity to greatly increase the efficiency of screening for functionally altered K+ channels. @entity0 cells deleted for both @entity5 and @entity6 provide a desirable genetic background for investigating the effects of mutations in K+ channels since they can be assessed over a very broad functional range. For example, since the wild-type @entity4 K+ channel reduces the @entity2 requirement of @entity5 delta @entity6 delta cells from approximately 50 mM to less than 50 microM, the function of mutant channels can be assessed over a 1,000-fold range in concentration of the permeant ion. We have developed this system using a mutagenesis scheme that alters the @entity1 sequence of the presumed pore region of @entity4 . Regions of three @entity3 in length can be saturated with substitutions and efficiently screened for function using this system. In addition, by testing the mutants for growth on media containing the appropriate competing ions, an in vivo indication of ion selectivity can be obtained. Saturation mutagenesis of the highly conserved GYG sequence in the channel pore reveals that few structural changes are tolerated if K+ selectivity is to be maintained. On the other hand, many of the mutants allow K+ permeation through the channel.

title: Heterologous expression of K+ channels in XXXX : strategies for molecular analysis of structure and function.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The developmental @entity2 of the anticonvulsant compound, @entity9 , was investigated in @entity0 administered oral doses of 0, 15, 60, 120, 180, or 240 mg/kg on days 6 through 15 of gestation. An untreated control group and a vehicle control group pair-fed to the high dose group were included. Maternal and fetal parameters were evaluated on day 21 of gestation. Fetuses were examined for external, @entity6 and variations. @entity3 occurred at 180 and 240 mg/kg. Dose-dependent decreases in body weight, food consumption, and water consumption were observed at 60 mg/kg and above. Body @entity7 during treatment was similar in the pair-fed and 240 mg/kg groups. Dose-related CNS signs ( @entity5 , @entity8 , prostration, and/or @entity4 ) were observed at 60 mg/kg and above. Decreased numbers of live fetuses and increased postimplantation loss were observed in a dose-related manner at 120, 180, and 240 mg/kg while no changes occurred in pair-fed controls. Fetal body weights and placental weights were decreased in pair-fed controls and in the 120, 180, and 240 mg/kg groups. The percent fetuses per litter, and the percent litters with @entity6 , were significantly increased at 120, 180, and 240 mg/kg compared with vehicle and pair-fed controls. Dose-related @entity1 , specifically of the aortic arch (interrupted, stenotic, extra vessel), were apparent at 120 mg/kg and above. The incidence of skeletal variations was increased at 120 mg/kg and above.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Developmental XXXX study in @entity0 treated with the anticonvulsant, @entity9 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The developmental @entity2 of the anticonvulsant compound, @entity9 , was investigated in @entity0 administered oral doses of 0, 15, 60, 120, 180, or 240 mg/kg on days 6 through 15 of gestation. An untreated control group and a vehicle control group pair-fed to the high dose group were included. Maternal and fetal parameters were evaluated on day 21 of gestation. Fetuses were examined for external, @entity6 and variations. @entity3 occurred at 180 and 240 mg/kg. Dose-dependent decreases in body weight, food consumption, and water consumption were observed at 60 mg/kg and above. Body @entity7 during treatment was similar in the pair-fed and 240 mg/kg groups. Dose-related CNS signs ( @entity5 , @entity8 , prostration, and/or @entity4 ) were observed at 60 mg/kg and above. Decreased numbers of live fetuses and increased postimplantation loss were observed in a dose-related manner at 120, 180, and 240 mg/kg while no changes occurred in pair-fed controls. Fetal body weights and placental weights were decreased in pair-fed controls and in the 120, 180, and 240 mg/kg groups. The percent fetuses per litter, and the percent litters with @entity6 , were significantly increased at 120, 180, and 240 mg/kg compared with vehicle and pair-fed controls. Dose-related @entity1 , specifically of the aortic arch (interrupted, stenotic, extra vessel), were apparent at 120 mg/kg and above. The incidence of skeletal variations was increased at 120 mg/kg and above.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Developmental @entity2 study in @entity0 treated with the anticonvulsant, XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: The developmental @entity2 of the anticonvulsant compound, @entity9 , was investigated in @entity0 administered oral doses of 0, 15, 60, 120, 180, or 240 mg/kg on days 6 through 15 of gestation. An untreated control group and a vehicle control group pair-fed to the high dose group were included. Maternal and fetal parameters were evaluated on day 21 of gestation. Fetuses were examined for external, @entity6 and variations. @entity3 occurred at 180 and 240 mg/kg. Dose-dependent decreases in body weight, food consumption, and water consumption were observed at 60 mg/kg and above. Body @entity7 during treatment was similar in the pair-fed and 240 mg/kg groups. Dose-related CNS signs ( @entity5 , @entity8 , prostration, and/or @entity4 ) were observed at 60 mg/kg and above. Decreased numbers of live fetuses and increased postimplantation loss were observed in a dose-related manner at 120, 180, and 240 mg/kg while no changes occurred in pair-fed controls. Fetal body weights and placental weights were decreased in pair-fed controls and in the 120, 180, and 240 mg/kg groups. The percent fetuses per litter, and the percent litters with @entity6 , were significantly increased at 120, 180, and 240 mg/kg compared with vehicle and pair-fed controls. Dose-related @entity1 , specifically of the aortic arch (interrupted, stenotic, extra vessel), were apparent at 120 mg/kg and above. The incidence of skeletal variations was increased at 120 mg/kg and above.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Developmental @entity2 study in XXXX treated with the anticonvulsant, @entity9 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The first successful single lung transplantation was carried out in 1983 for @entity3 . Because of the inherent advantages of single lung transplantation, a transplantation programme has been started for @entity0 with @entity1 due to @entity2 . METHODS: Between October 1990 and August 1993 25 @entity0 with severe @entity2 (15 @entity0 , mean age 51 years) received a single lung transplant at our institution. All @entity0 were severely disabled with a mean (SD) 12 minute walking distance of 281 (165) metres. There were five deaths in the series, four in the first 20 days and one on day 503. Two @entity0 suffered graft compression by air trapping in the native lung. Bronchial narrowing requiring insertion of endobronchial stenting occurred in four @entity0 . RESULTS: Mean (SD) FEV1 improved from a preoperative value of 17.8(13%) predicted to a six month value of 53.6(13)%, and FEV1/FVC from 23.8(12)% to 68.6(15)%. After the transplant 12 @entity0 are in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class I and the rest of the survivors are in NYHA II. Actuarial survival was 82% at one year and 74% at three years. CONCLUSIONS: Single lung transplantation is an effective treatment for @entity1 due to @entity2 and carries an acceptable mortality and morbidity.

title: Single lung transplantation for end stage XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The treatment of @entity3 has been a controversial topic and it has recently evolved towards indirect reduction and minimally invasive techniques. OBJECTIVE: To compare the results of the surgical treatment of @entity3 with a plate with screws for condylar compression purposes with the minimally invasive stabilization system. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity0 with @entity3 treated surgically between January 2007 and December 2009 were assessed retrospectively. The following variables were registered from each @entity0 record: age, sex, type of @entity3 , mechanism of injury, type of implant used, operative time and @entity1 . The Neer scale was used to compare the anatomical, radiologic and functional results of both techniques. RESULTS: The total number of @entity0 was 52; 32 males and 20 females; mean age was 58 years. A plate with screws was used in 31 @entity0 for condylar compression purposes, and a minimally invasive stabilization system in 21. The cases managed with a minimally invasive stabilization system had a shorter operative time and less intraoperative @entity4 . The results of the evaluation using the Neer scale were similar for both modalities. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity0 with @entity3 of the distal third of the femur managed with a minimally invasive stabilization system had better outcomes, which were not significant in the Neer scale, mainly due to less @entity2 intensity, early mobilization and less functional repercussions.

title: [ XXXX . Comparative analysis of two different surgical treatments].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Existing preclinical and clinical data suggest that the presence of a systemic inflammatory response plays a critical role in the progression of several solid @entity2 . The derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) represents an easily determinable marker of systemic @entity3 and has been proposed as a potential prognostic marker. The present study was performed to validate and further clarify the prognostic relevance of an elevated pre-treatment dNLR in a large cohort of European @entity0 @entity1 . Data from 762 consecutive female @entity0 @entity1 treated from 1999 to 2004 were evaluated. Disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. To evaluate the prognostic relevance, univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were performed for each endpoint. Applying receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, the optimal cutoff level for the dNLR was 3. In univariate analysis, a dNLR >= 3 was associated with poor DFS (hazard ratio (HR) 1.87, 95  % confidence interval (CI) 1.28-2.73, p   =   0.001) and @entity4 (HR 1.67, 95  % CI 1.07-2.63, p   =   0.025). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between the elevated dNLR and poor DFS (hazard ratio (HR) 1.70, 95  % CI 1.09-2.65, p   =   0.018) but did not show a significant association between the dNLR and @entity4 (HR 1.54, 95  % CI 0.91-2.59, p   =   0.106). The present study shows that the pre-treatment dNLR is an independent prognostic factor that could be useful for future individual risk assessment in @entity0 @entity1 .

title: The elevated preoperative derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts poor clinical outcome in XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Existing preclinical and clinical data suggest that the presence of a systemic inflammatory response plays a critical role in the progression of several solid @entity2 . The derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (dNLR) represents an easily determinable marker of systemic @entity3 and has been proposed as a potential prognostic marker. The present study was performed to validate and further clarify the prognostic relevance of an elevated pre-treatment dNLR in a large cohort of European @entity0 @entity1 . Data from 762 consecutive female @entity0 @entity1 treated from 1999 to 2004 were evaluated. Disease-free survival (DFS) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method. To evaluate the prognostic relevance, univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were performed for each endpoint. Applying receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, the optimal cutoff level for the dNLR was 3. In univariate analysis, a dNLR >= 3 was associated with poor DFS (hazard ratio (HR) 1.87, 95  % confidence interval (CI) 1.28-2.73, p   =   0.001) and @entity4 (HR 1.67, 95  % CI 1.07-2.63, p   =   0.025). Multivariate analysis revealed a significant association between the elevated dNLR and poor DFS (hazard ratio (HR) 1.70, 95  % CI 1.09-2.65, p   =   0.018) but did not show a significant association between the dNLR and @entity4 (HR 1.54, 95  % CI 0.91-2.59, p   =   0.106). The present study shows that the pre-treatment dNLR is an independent prognostic factor that could be useful for future individual risk assessment in @entity0 @entity1 .

title: The elevated preoperative derived neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts poor clinical outcome in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Tadpoles inhabit generally well oxygenated rivers and streams, nevertheless they were found in areas with limited @entity0 availability inside the rivers. To assess this feature, I examined factors that influence centrolenid tadpole behaviour using Cochranella granulosa. The tadpoles were reared in well-oxygenated and @entity1 environments and their development, survivorship and growth were compared. The tadpoles in oxygenated water acquired a pale color, while tadpoles in @entity1 water grew faster and were bright red and more active. In the oxygenated water, the @entity4 , which had its origin in the tadpoles' urine and feces, was oxidized to @entity2 . In contrast, in the @entity1 treatment, the @entity3 compounds remained mainly as @entity4 . Presumably, the @entity2 in oxygenated water was secondarily reduced to @entity5 inside the long intestine coils, because all symptoms in the tadpoles point to @entity7 , which can occur when the @entity5 passes through the intestine wall into the bloodstream, transforming the hemoglobin into @entity6 . This could be checked by a blood test where the percentage of @entity6 was 2.3% in the blood of tadpoles reared in @entity1 , while there was a 19.3% level of @entity6 in the blood of tadpoles reared in oxygenated water. Together with the elevated content of @entity6 , the growth of the tadpoles was delayed in oxygenated water, which had high @entity2 content. The study about quantitative food-uptake showed that the tadpoles benefit more from the food in @entity1 water, although they spent there more energy moving around than the tadpoles living in oxygenated but @entity2 -charged water.

title: Cyanosis by XXXX in tadpoles of Cochranella granulosa (Anura: Centrolenidae).

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: In an effort to reduce relapse in the liver and improve survival in @entity0 with potentially resectable @entity4 of the pancreatic head, we combined whole-liver irradiation with our standard preoperative chemoradiation regimen. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Eleven @entity0 with biopsy-proven, potentially resectable @entity4 of the pancreatic head were treated with 50.4 Gy of external beam irradiation to the pancreas (1.8 Gy/day, 5 days/week) and concurrent continuous infusion @entity5 (300 mg/m2 per day). The liver was treated with 23.4 Gy on Days 8 through 21 (13 fractions; 1.8 Gy/fraction). @entity0 , who upon restaging with radiography and computed tomography were considered to have resectable @entity2 , were subsequently taken to surgery. If, at surgery, @entity2 were resectable, pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed, and 10 Gy of intraoperative electron-beam radiation therapy was delivered to the bed of the resected pancreas. RESULTS: All 11 @entity0 completed chemoradiation. Two treatment-related @entity3 occurred following chemoradiation, prompting premature termination of the study. Of seven @entity0 taken to surgery, four underwent resection. Seven @entity0 have died of disease, five with liver @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic hepatic chemoradiation, as given in this study, was associated with two treatment-related @entity3 and a higher than expected incidence of subsequent liver @entity1 . Our data do not support the use of this treatment program in @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Preoperative chemoradiation for XXXX : excessive toxicity of prophylactic hepatic irradiation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is a chronic @entity5 which is a serious global problem. In 2010 an estimated 285 million @entity0 had @entity1 and within the next 20  years this value is expected to almost double. Many antidiabetic therapies focus on improving @entity9 sensitivity, increasing @entity9 production, and/or decreasing the level of blood @entity6 . Although a number of synthetic medicines are available, drugs of natural origin have aroused great interest. @entity10 seem to demonstrate adequate properties. Many experiments have shown that these compounds have several antidiabetic mechanisms. They can inhibit enzymes involved in @entity6 metabolism, prevent the development of @entity9 resistance and normalize plasma @entity6 and @entity9 levels. These natural compounds, in contrast to synthetic drugs, apart from producing a hypoglycemic effect have also been found to manifest hypolipidemic and anti- @entity3 activity. @entity10 are also promising agents in the prevention of @entity1 complications. They have strong antioxidant activity and inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products, implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity8 , @entity7 , @entity2 or @entity4 . Until now very few clinical studies have been concerned with the application of @entity10 in treating @entity1 . However, due to their great therapeutic potential, these compounds deserve special attention.

title: The role of @entity10 in the management of XXXX and its complications.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is a chronic @entity5 which is a serious global problem. In 2010 an estimated 285 million @entity0 had @entity1 and within the next 20  years this value is expected to almost double. Many antidiabetic therapies focus on improving @entity9 sensitivity, increasing @entity9 production, and/or decreasing the level of blood @entity6 . Although a number of synthetic medicines are available, drugs of natural origin have aroused great interest. @entity10 seem to demonstrate adequate properties. Many experiments have shown that these compounds have several antidiabetic mechanisms. They can inhibit enzymes involved in @entity6 metabolism, prevent the development of @entity9 resistance and normalize plasma @entity6 and @entity9 levels. These natural compounds, in contrast to synthetic drugs, apart from producing a hypoglycemic effect have also been found to manifest hypolipidemic and anti- @entity3 activity. @entity10 are also promising agents in the prevention of @entity1 complications. They have strong antioxidant activity and inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end products, implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity8 , @entity7 , @entity2 or @entity4 . Until now very few clinical studies have been concerned with the application of @entity10 in treating @entity1 . However, due to their great therapeutic potential, these compounds deserve special attention.

title: The role of XXXX in the management of @entity1 and its complications.

answer: @entity10


abstract: A 85-year-old @entity0 consulted our clinic due to asymptomatic macrohematuria on January 6, 1987. In the cystoscopic examination, solitary and pedunculated @entity3 was revealed. This @entity1 was located on the retrotrigonal region near the right ureteral orifice. On January 20, transurethral resection of @entity3 was planned but the base of the @entity1 was stony hard, so complete resection was not performed. On February 10, transurethral resection of bladder was performed repeatedly. At that time, the cystoscopic finding showed that the @entity1 size had increased and transurethral bladder ultrasonography showed invasion into the deep muscular layer. On February 17, total cystectomy and ileal conduit was done. Histological examination revealed poorly differentiated TCC with @entity2 . This @entity0 was discharged in good condition on March 27. Heterotopic bone formation in the @entity3 is rare. Ten cases were collected from the literature. We report a case of heterotopic bone formation and discuss the mechanism of the etiology.

title: [A case of transitional cell XXXX with heterotopic bone formation].

answer: @entity3


abstract: In this study, the influence of surface morphology and wettability of both degradable and nondegradable polymer films on the inflammatory response after subcutaneous implantation in the @entity0 was investigated. Degradable non-porous, porous, and "combi" (porous with a nonporous layer on one side) @entity2 ( @entity3 ) films and nondegradable @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and (porous) expanded @entity1 (e- @entity1 ) were used. Contact angles measurements indicate that @entity3 is more hydrophillic than @entity1 . Assessment of the inflammatory response was performed after various periods of implantation (up till 180 days), with both conventional light microscopy and immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The inflammatory response observed initially can largely be considered as part of the wound healing reaction, and up till day 40 the inflammatory response against @entity3 was minimally more intense than against @entity1 (porous as well as nonporous). From day 40 on, the @entity3 films provoke a more intense inflammatory response as compared to the @entity1 films. Both porous @entity3 and the porous side of the "combi" @entity3 film provoke a more intense inflammatory response than nonporous @entity3 and the nonporous side of the "combi" @entity3 film, respectively. In general, @entity1 and e- @entity1 films provoke an inflammatory response which is minimally more intense than the one provoked by the sham operation. Almost no ingrowth of tissue was observed in the porous e- @entity1 films. In contrast, there was abundant tissue ingrowth in and an inflammatory response against porous @entity3 . It can be concluded that biodegradable @entity3 films provoke a more intense inflammatory response than nondegradable @entity1 films. Also, porosity enhances the inflammatory response. However, porosity enhances the inflammatory response only when the wettability of a biomaterial permits cellular ingrowth.

title: The influence of surface morphology and wettability on the inflammatory response against XXXX : a semi-quantitative study with monoclonal antibodies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) provides a new approach to thymectomy. From June 1993 to December 1994, we performed a total of eight thymectomies for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). There were four male and four female @entity0 with ages ranging from 9 to 76 years. Three of the eight @entity0 had associated @entity1 . We believe that complete thymectomy was accomplished in all cases by examination of the thymic bed and resected specimen. There was no mortality or intraoperative complications. The median postoperative hospital stay was 5 days (range, 2 to 37 days). One @entity0 required ventilatory support postoperatively. Clinical improvement was observed in all @entity0 after a mean follow-up of 10 months (range, 2 to 21 months). Compared with a comparable historical group of @entity0 with @entity2 who underwent transsternal thymectomy, the VATS group was associated with significantly less analgesic requirement and shortened hospital stay. We conclude that VAT thymectomy is technically feasible and is associated with a favorable postoperative course compared with the transsternal approach. We believe that complete thymectomy can be achieved by this approach. Further investigation with long-term follow-up is needed to further clarify the role of VAT thymectomy in thoracic surgery.

title: Video-assisted thoracoscopic thymectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Between January 1991 and February 1993, 14 @entity0 (3 female, 11 male) aged between 21 and 79 years (mean 50 years) underwent reconstruction of the thoracic (n = 7) and thoracoabdominal aorta (n = 7). Four @entity0 had previously undergone operation of the ascending aorta, in 3 @entity0 coronary artery by pass grafting was performed before. All @entity0 were operated using cardiopulmonary bypass with continuous blood cardioplegia, hypothermic @entity4 (11 degrees C nasopharyngeal temperature, 0-EEG) and posterolateral exposure. All patent lower intercostal and lumbar arteries (Th3-L5) were reimplanted. The 30-day mortality after repair of the thoracic aorta was 0, after replacement of the thoracoabdominal aorta 28.5% (n = 2). One @entity0 died 70 days after replacement of the thoracic aorta as a consequence of a perioperative @entity2 . None of the surviving 11 @entity0 developed a permanent @entity1 , @entity3 . The average intensive care stay was 6 days for @entity0 after replacement of the thoracic and 18 days for @entity0 after replacement of the thoracoabdominal aorta. Our results indicate the method of elective @entity5 and @entity4 effective in spinal cord protection. The increase in the tolerable duration of @entity6 supports the reimplantation of all intercostal and lumbar vessels.

title: [Surgery of thoracic and thoraco-abdominal aneurysms using deep XXXX and cardiovascular arrest with continuous administration of blood cardioplegia].

answer: @entity5