abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: @entity3 can still develop after colectomy for @entity4 . However, data on this risk are scare, and there have been few conclusive findings, so no evidence-based recommendations have been made for postoperative surveillance. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence and incidence of and risk factors for @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity4 who have undergone colectomy, including the permanent-end @entity2 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and ileal pouch-anal @entity5 (IPAA) procedures. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library through May 2014 to identify studies that reported prevalence or incidence of @entity3 after colectomy or specifically assessed risk factors for @entity1 development. Studies were selected, quality was assessed, and data were extracted by 2 independent researchers. RESULTS: We calculated @entity3 ( @entity3 ) prevalence values from 13 studies of @entity0 who underwent rectal stump surgery, 35 studies of @entity5 , and 33 studies of IPAA. Significantly higher  proportions of @entity0 in the rectal stump group (2.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3%-3.0%) and in the @entity5 group (2.4%; 95% CI, 1.7%-3.0%) developed @entity3 than in the IPAA group (0.5%; 95% CI, 0.3%-0.6%); the odds ratio (OR) for @entity3 in the rectal stump or @entity5 groups compared with the IPAA group was 6.4 (95% CI, 4.3-9.5). A history of @entity3 was the most important risk factor for development of @entity3 after colectomy (OR for @entity0 receiving @entity5 , 12.8; 95% CI, 3.31-49.2 and OR for @entity0 receiving IPAA, 15.0; 95% CI, 6.6-34.5). CONCLUSIONS: In a meta-analysis of published studies, we found the prevalence and incidence of @entity3 after colectomy to be less than 3%; in @entity0 receiving IPAA it was less than 1%. Factors that increased risk of @entity1 development after colectomy included the presence of a residual rectum and a history of @entity3 . These findings could aid in development of individualized strategies for post-surgery surveillance.

title: @entity1 After Colectomy in XXXX With @entity4 : A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are frequent. Impact of @entity2 on quality of life has recently become a relevant topic of research due to its potential to develop targeted therapies to improve quality of life. OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 using the Parkinson's DiseaseQuestionnaire Short Form (PDQ-8). METHODS: Consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 were evaluated with the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and PDQ-8 scales separately. Association between @entity2 and quality of life was explored using, means comparisons, correlation coefficients and multiple regression models. RESULTS: A total of 492 @entity0 were included for the study. Overall, 44.5% had @entity4 symptoms, 76.5% had alterations on mood/apathy domains, and 27% had an @entity1 . All @entity2 had an effect on the PDQ-8 with a moderate to large effect size. Correlation coefficients ranged from 0.17 to 0.63 between @entity2 and quality of life (p< 0.001, in all cases). The regression model showed that mood/apathy alterations and impulse control disorders, along with MDS-UPDRS III accounted for 49.8% of variance in the PDQ-8 simplified index (F=122.98; p< 0.001). Mood/apathy alterations showed the highest correlation coefficient (0.63, p< 0.001) and b (0.53, p< 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Both the presence and severity of @entity2 , in particular mood/apathy alterations,had  a  significant impact on quality of life in subjects with @entity3 .

title: Impact of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms on the Quality of Life of Subjects with  XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In order to assess the diagnostic value of @entity6 (D) testing, we studied the responses of 34 @entity0 with @entity4 and 10 normal subjects. Blood pressure and 12-lead ECG were recorded during and after intravenous infusion of 0.6 mg/kg @entity6 for 10 minutes. Coronary arteriography and maximal or symptom-limited exercise tests were performed in the 34 @entity0 with @entity4 . During infusion 13 @entity0 presented @entity2 ST changes and 5 with @entity3 only. The latter group had normal coronary arteries. Among the 13 @entity0 with @entity2 ST changes, 7 had at least two critical @entity5 and the remaining 6 had no coronary lesions. @entity6 tests showed poor sensitivity (44%) and specificity (39%) with respect to coronary arteriography. The relatively high number of positive responses in subjects with normal coronary arteries indicates that the coronary steal phenomenon is not the sole cause of " @entity2 " response to the drug. Indirect indexes of myocardial @entity1 consumption were higher in @entity0 with a positive response to drug infusion than in those with a negative response; however the value of rate-pressure product at infusion end never reached that observed at @entity2 threshold during exercise testing in the same @entity0 . This suggests that neither can @entity1 consumption increase be considered as entirely responsible for @entity2 response to @entity6 . In conclusion @entity6 test cannot be proposed for predicting critical @entity5 .

title: Assessment of diagnostic value of XXXX testing in angina pectoris.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 represents one of the most aggressive types of @entity1 due to its high resistance towards most clinically available treatments. The presence of @entity4 stem-like cells (CSCs) have been attributed to the intrinsically high resistance and highly metastatic potential of this disease. Here, we identified and isolated @entity4 stem-like cells using side-population (SP) method from @entity0 @entity4 cell line, PANC-1. We then compared the SP and non-SP PANC-1 cells genetically. PANC-1 SP cells exhibited @entity1 stem-like cell properties including enhanced self-renewal ability, increased metastatic potential and resistance towards @entity3 treatment. These @entity1 stem-like phenotypes were supported by their enhanced expression of @entity9 , @entity7 and @entity5 . A traditional plant-derived anti-oxidant, @entity12 , have been implicated for its anti- @entity1 properties. Here, we found that @entity12 treatment to PANC-1 SP cells significantly suppressed the stem-like properties of PANC-1 SP cells and metastatic potential by down-regulating the expression of @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity9 , @entity8 and @entity2 . More importantly, @entity12 treatment led to the up-regulation of several @entity1 suppressor miRNAs and @entity11 increased by @entity12 treatment was found to target and down-regulate @entity2 . Thus, PANC-1 SP cells may serve as a model for studying drug-resistant @entity4 stem-like cells and @entity12 has the potential as an antagonist against pancreatic CSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: XXXX downregulates @entity2 signaling via modulating @entity11 and suppresses oncogenic properties of PANC-1 @entity1 stem-like cells.

answer: @entity12


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 represents one of the most aggressive types of @entity1 due to its high resistance towards most clinically available treatments. The presence of @entity4 stem-like cells (CSCs) have been attributed to the intrinsically high resistance and highly metastatic potential of this disease. Here, we identified and isolated @entity4 stem-like cells using side-population (SP) method from @entity0 @entity4 cell line, PANC-1. We then compared the SP and non-SP PANC-1 cells genetically. PANC-1 SP cells exhibited @entity1 stem-like cell properties including enhanced self-renewal ability, increased metastatic potential and resistance towards @entity3 treatment. These @entity1 stem-like phenotypes were supported by their enhanced expression of @entity9 , @entity7 and @entity5 . A traditional plant-derived anti-oxidant, @entity12 , have been implicated for its anti- @entity1 properties. Here, we found that @entity12 treatment to PANC-1 SP cells significantly suppressed the stem-like properties of PANC-1 SP cells and metastatic potential by down-regulating the expression of @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity9 , @entity8 and @entity2 . More importantly, @entity12 treatment led to the up-regulation of several @entity1 suppressor miRNAs and @entity11 increased by @entity12 treatment was found to target and down-regulate @entity2 . Thus, PANC-1 SP cells may serve as a model for studying drug-resistant @entity4 stem-like cells and @entity12 has the potential as an antagonist against pancreatic CSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity12 downregulates XXXX signaling via modulating @entity11 and suppresses oncogenic properties of PANC-1 @entity1 stem-like cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 represents one of the most aggressive types of @entity1 due to its high resistance towards most clinically available treatments. The presence of @entity4 stem-like cells (CSCs) have been attributed to the intrinsically high resistance and highly metastatic potential of this disease. Here, we identified and isolated @entity4 stem-like cells using side-population (SP) method from @entity0 @entity4 cell line, PANC-1. We then compared the SP and non-SP PANC-1 cells genetically. PANC-1 SP cells exhibited @entity1 stem-like cell properties including enhanced self-renewal ability, increased metastatic potential and resistance towards @entity3 treatment. These @entity1 stem-like phenotypes were supported by their enhanced expression of @entity9 , @entity7 and @entity5 . A traditional plant-derived anti-oxidant, @entity12 , have been implicated for its anti- @entity1 properties. Here, we found that @entity12 treatment to PANC-1 SP cells significantly suppressed the stem-like properties of PANC-1 SP cells and metastatic potential by down-regulating the expression of @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity9 , @entity8 and @entity2 . More importantly, @entity12 treatment led to the up-regulation of several @entity1 suppressor miRNAs and @entity11 increased by @entity12 treatment was found to target and down-regulate @entity2 . Thus, PANC-1 SP cells may serve as a model for studying drug-resistant @entity4 stem-like cells and @entity12 has the potential as an antagonist against pancreatic CSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity12 downregulates @entity2 signaling via modulating XXXX and suppresses oncogenic properties of PANC-1 @entity1 stem-like cells.

answer: @entity11


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 represents one of the most aggressive types of @entity1 due to its high resistance towards most clinically available treatments. The presence of @entity4 stem-like cells (CSCs) have been attributed to the intrinsically high resistance and highly metastatic potential of this disease. Here, we identified and isolated @entity4 stem-like cells using side-population (SP) method from @entity0 @entity4 cell line, PANC-1. We then compared the SP and non-SP PANC-1 cells genetically. PANC-1 SP cells exhibited @entity1 stem-like cell properties including enhanced self-renewal ability, increased metastatic potential and resistance towards @entity3 treatment. These @entity1 stem-like phenotypes were supported by their enhanced expression of @entity9 , @entity7 and @entity5 . A traditional plant-derived anti-oxidant, @entity12 , have been implicated for its anti- @entity1 properties. Here, we found that @entity12 treatment to PANC-1 SP cells significantly suppressed the stem-like properties of PANC-1 SP cells and metastatic potential by down-regulating the expression of @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity9 , @entity8 and @entity2 . More importantly, @entity12 treatment led to the up-regulation of several @entity1 suppressor miRNAs and @entity11 increased by @entity12 treatment was found to target and down-regulate @entity2 . Thus, PANC-1 SP cells may serve as a model for studying drug-resistant @entity4 stem-like cells and @entity12 has the potential as an antagonist against pancreatic CSCs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: @entity12 downregulates @entity2 signaling via modulating @entity11 and suppresses oncogenic properties of PANC-1 XXXX stem-like cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A simple screening method served to detect @entity8 antibiotic-tolerant variants of clinical isolates and laboratory control strains of @entity0 , S. epidermis, group B beta-hemolytic streptococci, and @entity10 . The beta-lactamase(s) of a multiple drug-resistant strain of @entity12 (isolate No. 19) yielded most consistent results as compared with several other beta-lactamase producers; the @entity12 beta-lactamase(s) was neutralized by @entity1 . Spot inocula of @entity12 isolate No. 19, following overnight "induction" with 1 microgram/ml of @entity2 and 3 microgram/ml of @entity11 in tryptic soya broth, were applied centrally to @entity8 antibiotic inhibition zones of Bauer-Kirby antibiogram plates (Mueller-Hinton agar, @entity14 , and diagnostic sensitivity test agar, DSTA) following removal of the appropriate disks. The spot-inoculated plates were incubated overnight at 35 degrees C and inspected for satellite growths of tolerant variants around the @entity12 spot inocula. Satellite growths of less than or equal to 10 colonies were interpreted to indicate tolerance of the relevant cell wall synthesis inhibitor. The method readily permitted detection of variants tolerant for @entity2 , @entity11 , @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity15 , and @entity7 . However, strains documented by minimal inhibitory and minimal bactericidal concentrations to be tolerant for @entity9 , @entity5 , @entity13 , and @entity3 only rarely gave rise to respective satellite growths. DSTA proved superior to @entity14 with respect to "rescue" of inhibited tolerant staphylococcal variants; furthermore, the diameters of inhibition zones obtained on DSTA correlated well with those on @entity14 . Therefore, DSTA was adopted as the routine test medium for clinical staphylococcal isolates.

title: Simple screening method for gram-positive bacterial XXXX antibiotic tolerance on routine laboratory Bauer-Kirby antibiogram plates.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Twenty-five @entity0 with the @entity7 underwent operation for ablation of an accessory pathway. The @entity0 were young (mean age 28.1 years) and 20% had @entity1 . In 24, markedly symptomatic refractory @entity8 had been present for a mean of 12.6 years. The accessory pathway was right or left ventricular free wall in 22 @entity0 and septal in 3 @entity0 . Operation resulted in persistent ablation of the pathway in 80% of the @entity0 . There was no perioperative mortality and no persistent complete @entity3 . During a mean follow-up of 15.6 months, 83.3% of @entity0 with a preoperative history of @entity8 had no recurrence of the @entity4 . Two @entity0 (8.3%) had macro-reentry paroxysmal @entity8 related to a persistently functioning bypass tract. The remaining two @entity0 had @entity8 unrelated to a functioning accessory pathway. We conclude that the surgical treatment of @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity6 ) is safe and effective. It should be considered (1) in @entity0 who are markedly symptomatic with refractory @entity8 , (2) in those who have the potential for @entity5 , (3) in younger @entity0 with symptomatic @entity2 in whom there is concern about the long-term effects of antidysrhythmic treatment, and (4) in @entity0 with @entity2 who are undergoing cardiac surgery for repair of associated conditions.

title: The XXXX : a surgical approach.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity7 and @entity8 inhibit @entity1 biosynthesis and result in the accumulation of @entity5 . @entity6 , another inhibitor, produces an accumulation of @entity4 . Adult male C3H @entity0 receive one of these drugs intraperitoneally. Livers, adrenal glands, and testes from each drug group are excised, and portions of each are analyzed by a modified Liebermann-Burchard reaction for quantitation of @entity2 . Adrenals and testes are examined also by electron microscopy. Fine-structural localization of acid phosphatase has been studied in @entity7 -treated adrenal glands. Biochemical analysis reveals that 14-64% of the @entity2 occurs as @entity5 or @entity4 . Fine-structural alterations in the adrenal glands and testes from each drug group are essentially identical. The predominant cytological feature is the occurrence of increased numbers of pleomorphic, unit-membrane-limited, electron-opaque, cytoplasmic inclusions. Hence, the cellular modifications following @entity7 administration are not unique, as has been suggested. They represent a generalized phenomenon, probably related to inhibition of @entity1 biosynthesis, which is an effect common to each drug. @entity9 reaction product (indicating acid phosphatase activity) is demonstrable within these membrane-limited cytoplasmic bodies, identifying them as morphological lysosomes. The utilization of a lysosomal mechanism in @entity3 -synthesizing cells, which are accumulating @entity1 intermediates, is discussed.

title: An ultrastructural and biochemical study of the effects of three inhibitors of XXXX biosynthesis upon @entity0 adrenal gland and testis. Histochemical evidence for a lysosome response.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 and @entity8 inhibit @entity1 biosynthesis and result in the accumulation of @entity5 . @entity6 , another inhibitor, produces an accumulation of @entity4 . Adult male C3H @entity0 receive one of these drugs intraperitoneally. Livers, adrenal glands, and testes from each drug group are excised, and portions of each are analyzed by a modified Liebermann-Burchard reaction for quantitation of @entity2 . Adrenals and testes are examined also by electron microscopy. Fine-structural localization of acid phosphatase has been studied in @entity7 -treated adrenal glands. Biochemical analysis reveals that 14-64% of the @entity2 occurs as @entity5 or @entity4 . Fine-structural alterations in the adrenal glands and testes from each drug group are essentially identical. The predominant cytological feature is the occurrence of increased numbers of pleomorphic, unit-membrane-limited, electron-opaque, cytoplasmic inclusions. Hence, the cellular modifications following @entity7 administration are not unique, as has been suggested. They represent a generalized phenomenon, probably related to inhibition of @entity1 biosynthesis, which is an effect common to each drug. @entity9 reaction product (indicating acid phosphatase activity) is demonstrable within these membrane-limited cytoplasmic bodies, identifying them as morphological lysosomes. The utilization of a lysosomal mechanism in @entity3 -synthesizing cells, which are accumulating @entity1 intermediates, is discussed.

title: An ultrastructural and biochemical study of the effects of three inhibitors of @entity1 biosynthesis upon XXXX adrenal gland and testis. Histochemical evidence for a lysosome response.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The clinical course and the clinical and pathological factors were studied in a series of 112 in-hospital @entity0 who died of acute @entity4 . A necropsy was performed in 101 cases. 44% of the victims were concluded to have been past the possibility of recovery at the time of admission, as the treatment of early @entity10 or @entity8 did not lead to a satisfactory result, or as a @entity5 or shock dominated from admission to death. Resuscitations due to early @entity10 were performed in the emergency department mainly on @entity0 living near the hospital. On the other hand, an early @entity5 was more frequent among those whose transit distance was over 15 km. Prior use of beta-receptor blockers seemed to protect against early complications. The cardiac functions of the remaining @entity0 were normal or could be normalized at the beginning of the hospitalization. The great majority of them were later lost as a result of extensive @entity1 leading to a @entity5 and some due to a @entity3 caused by @entity9 (8%) or due to @entity6 (10%). Only 11 @entity0 (10%) succumbed to late @entity10 without @entity5 , @entity3 , or @entity6 . The @entity2 revealed by the necropsy was more severe in @entity0 with a @entity5 than in those who died of late @entity10 or @entity3 without a preceding @entity5 . Various @entity7 were frequent during the hospitalization. 74% of the @entity7 were preceded or followed by symptoms of a @entity5 .

title: In-hospital death from XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Peptide assembly plays a seminal role in the fabrication of structural and functional architectures in cells. Characteristically, peptide assemblies are often dominated by b-sheet structures, wherein component molecules are connected by backbone @entity2 bonds in a parallel or an antiparallel fashion. While b-rich peptide scaffolds are implicated in an array of @entity0 , the mechanisms by which toxic peptides assemble and mediate neuropathic effects are still poorly understood. In this work, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to study the adsorption and assembly of the fragment Ab33-42 (taken from the Ab-42 peptide widely associated with @entity1 ) on a @entity3 surface. We observe that such Ab33-42 fragments, which are largely hydrophobic in character, readily adsorb onto the graphitic surface and coalesce into a well-structured, b-strand-like assembly. Strikingly, the structure of such complex is quite unique: hydrophobic side-chains extend over the @entity3 surface and interact with adjacent peptides, yielding a well-defined mosaic of hydrophobic interaction patches. This ordered structure is markedly depleted of backbone @entity2 bonds. Hence, our simulation results reveal a distinct type of b-strand assembly, maintained by hydrophobic side-chain interactions. Our finding suggests the backbone @entity2 bond is no longer crucial to the peptide assembly. Further studies concerning whether such b-strand assembly can be realized in other peptide systems and in biologically-relevant contexts are certainly warranted.

title: A novel form of b-strand assembly observed in Ab33-42 adsorbed onto XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although transfemoral access (TFA) remains the standard of care for @entity0 undergoing coronary angiography (CA) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in the USA, TRA is being increasingly used over TFA due to lower bleeding and mortality rates on the basis of meta-analyses and recently published MATRIX trial. In @entity0 with unsuccessful ipsilateral radial access, TUA has been used as an alternative approach. The @entity1 ( @entity1 ) comparing TUA and TRA have reached mixed conclusions regarding the use of transulnar approach for coronary procedures. OBJECTIVES: To systematically review and perform a meta-analysis of published @entity1 comparing the safety and efficacy of transulnar access (TUA) vs. transradial access (TRA) in @entity0 undergoing CA or PCI. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases were searched for @entity1 since inception through December, 2014. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects model. RESULTS: Five @entity1 involving 2,744 total @entity0 were included in the meta-analysis. TUA compared with TRA had similar risks of MACE [risk ratio (RR): 0.87; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56-1.36; P   =   0.54] and access-related complications [RR: 0.92 (0.67-1.27); P   =   0.62]. Higher rates of access cross-over [RR: 2.31 (1.07-4.98); P   =   0.003] and number of punctures [1.57 vs. 1.4; mean difference (MD): 0.17; 95% CI: 0.08-0.26; P   =   0.0002] were noted with TUA. There was no difference in arterial access time [12.8 vs. 10.9 min; MD: 1.86 (-1.35-5.7); P   =   0.26], fluoroscopy time [7.6 vs. 7.2 min; MD: 0.37 (-0.39   -   1.13); P   =   0.34] and contrast volume [151 vs. 153.7 ml; MD: -2.74 (-17.21   -   11.73); P   =   0.71]. CONCLUSION: For @entity0 requiring CA or PCI, TUA compared with TRA has similar efficacy and safety except for higher puncture rates and access cross-over.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Transulnar versus transradial access for coronary angiography or percutaneous coronary intervention: A meta-analysis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Contamination of platelet units by bacteria has long been acknowledged as a significant transfusion risk due to their post-donation storage conditions. Products are routinely stored at 22   C on an agitating shaker, a condition that can promote bacterial growth. Although the total number of bacteria believed to be introduced into a platelet product is extremely low, these bacteria can multiply to a very high titer prior to transfusion, potentially resulting in serious adverse events. The aim of this study was to evaluate a @entity10 based pathogen reduction process against a panel of bacteria that have been identified as common contaminants of platelet products. This panel included the following organisms: @entity8 , @entity1 , @entity9 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity3 , B. neotomae, @entity7 , E. coli, @entity2 and @entity4 . Each platelet unit was inoculated with a high bacterial load and samples were removed both before and after treatment. A colony forming assay, using an end point dilution scheme, was used to determine the pre-treatment and post-treatment bacterial titers. Log reduction was calculated by subtracting the post-treatment titer from the pre-treatment titer. The following log reductions were observed: @entity8 4.7 log (99.998%), @entity1 4.8 log (99.998%), @entity9 3.7 log (99.98%), @entity5 2.6 log (99.7%), @entity6 4.0 log (99.99%), @entity3 3.3 log (99.95%), B. neotomae 5.4 log (99.9996%), @entity7 2.6 log (99.7%), @entity0 >= 5.4 log (99.9996%), @entity2 4.7 log (99.998%) and @entity4 2.8 log (99.8%). The results from this study suggest the process could help to lower the risk of severe adverse transfusion events associated with bacterial contamination.

title: Treatment of Platelet Products with XXXX and UV Light: Effectiveness Against High Titer Bacterial Contamination.

answer: @entity10


abstract: To study the relationship between epidermal DNA synthesis and @entity2 , groups of hairless @entity1 were given a single skin application of 2 mg @entity6 ( @entity7 ) in @entity3 . One group received no pretreatment, another group was injected i.p. with 5 mg @entity5 (HU) 30 min before @entity7 , and a further group with 0.5 mg Colcemid 3 h before @entity7 . Other groups were injected i.p. 14 and 4 h before @entity7 with either saline, 5 mg crude aqueous skin extract, 2 mg dialysed skin extracts of two types, or 2 mg dialysed extracts of liver or heart muscle, respectively. All substances were dissolved in 0.5 ml distilled water. Cell kinetic studies showed that the three skin extracts inhibited epidermal DNA synthesis and mitosis. HU inhibited DNA synthesis and increased the mitotic rate. The other pretreatments had no effect on epidermal DNA synthesis. There was a significant enhancement of the production of @entity4 in the groups pretreated with epidermal extracts or HU. @entity7 is a short-acting carcinogen with a half-life in the cell of 30 min. Hence, the results show that when DNA synthesis is inhibited at the time of @entity7 application, more @entity0 are produced in the skin. A possible explanation of the enhancement is that a compensatory wave of proliferation a short time after carcinogen binding may fix a DNA injury before repair can take place.

title: Enhancement of @entity6 skin XXXX by inhibiting cell proliferation with @entity5 or skin extracts.

answer: @entity2


abstract: To study the relationship between epidermal DNA synthesis and @entity2 , groups of hairless @entity1 were given a single skin application of 2 mg @entity6 ( @entity7 ) in @entity3 . One group received no pretreatment, another group was injected i.p. with 5 mg @entity5 (HU) 30 min before @entity7 , and a further group with 0.5 mg Colcemid 3 h before @entity7 . Other groups were injected i.p. 14 and 4 h before @entity7 with either saline, 5 mg crude aqueous skin extract, 2 mg dialysed skin extracts of two types, or 2 mg dialysed extracts of liver or heart muscle, respectively. All substances were dissolved in 0.5 ml distilled water. Cell kinetic studies showed that the three skin extracts inhibited epidermal DNA synthesis and mitosis. HU inhibited DNA synthesis and increased the mitotic rate. The other pretreatments had no effect on epidermal DNA synthesis. There was a significant enhancement of the production of @entity4 in the groups pretreated with epidermal extracts or HU. @entity7 is a short-acting carcinogen with a half-life in the cell of 30 min. Hence, the results show that when DNA synthesis is inhibited at the time of @entity7 application, more @entity0 are produced in the skin. A possible explanation of the enhancement is that a compensatory wave of proliferation a short time after carcinogen binding may fix a DNA injury before repair can take place.

title: Enhancement of XXXX skin @entity2 by inhibiting cell proliferation with @entity5 or skin extracts.

answer: @entity6


abstract: To study the relationship between epidermal DNA synthesis and @entity2 , groups of hairless @entity1 were given a single skin application of 2 mg @entity6 ( @entity7 ) in @entity3 . One group received no pretreatment, another group was injected i.p. with 5 mg @entity5 (HU) 30 min before @entity7 , and a further group with 0.5 mg Colcemid 3 h before @entity7 . Other groups were injected i.p. 14 and 4 h before @entity7 with either saline, 5 mg crude aqueous skin extract, 2 mg dialysed skin extracts of two types, or 2 mg dialysed extracts of liver or heart muscle, respectively. All substances were dissolved in 0.5 ml distilled water. Cell kinetic studies showed that the three skin extracts inhibited epidermal DNA synthesis and mitosis. HU inhibited DNA synthesis and increased the mitotic rate. The other pretreatments had no effect on epidermal DNA synthesis. There was a significant enhancement of the production of @entity4 in the groups pretreated with epidermal extracts or HU. @entity7 is a short-acting carcinogen with a half-life in the cell of 30 min. Hence, the results show that when DNA synthesis is inhibited at the time of @entity7 application, more @entity0 are produced in the skin. A possible explanation of the enhancement is that a compensatory wave of proliferation a short time after carcinogen binding may fix a DNA injury before repair can take place.

title: Enhancement of @entity6 skin @entity2 by inhibiting cell proliferation with XXXX or skin extracts.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 virus (FMDV) causes morbidity and mortality in a range of animals and threatens local economies by acting as a barrier to international trade. The outbreak in the United Kingdom in 2001 that cost billions to control highlighted the risk that the pathogen poses to agriculture. In response, several mathematical models have been developed to parameterize and predict both transmission dynamics and optimal disease control. However, a lack of understanding of the multi-strain etiology prevents characterization of multi-strain dynamics. Here, we use data from FMDV serology in an endemic setting to probe strain-specific transmission and immunodynamics. Five serotypes of FMDV affect @entity1 in the Far North Region of Cameroon. We fit both catalytic and reverse catalytic models to serological data to estimate the force of @entity0 and the rate of waning immunity, and to detect periods of sustained transmission. For serotypes @entity3 , SAT3, and type A, a model assuming life-long immunity fit better. For serotypes @entity4 and type O, the better-fit model suggests that immunity may wane over time. Our analysis further indicates that type O has the greatest force of @entity0 and the longest duration of immunity. Estimates for the force of @entity0 were time-varying and indicated that serotypes @entity4 and O displayed endemic dynamics, serotype A displayed epidemic dynamics, and @entity3 and SAT3 did not sustain local chains of transmission. Since these results were obtained from the same population at the same time, they highlight important differences in transmission specific to each serotype. They also show that immunity wanes at rates specific to each serotype, which influences patterns of local persistence. Overall, this work shows that viral serotypes can differ significantly in their epidemiological and immunological characteristics. Patterns and processes that drive transmission in endemic settings must consider complex viral dynamics for accurate representation and interpretation.

title: Serotype-Specific Transmission and Waning Immunity of Endemic XXXX Virus in Cameroon.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Parenteral @entity2 was unsuccessful as a treatment for @entity6 . Inhaled @entity2 targeted to the lungs may be more effective. Our @entity0 , a 56-year-old male with biopsy proven @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and declining pulmonary function tests (PFTs) was initially diagnosed with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). He enrolled in a 2-year research protocol and was treated with inhaled @entity5 times per week. After completion of the protocol, he was able to secure the drug and continued therapy for a total of 7 years. He felt better, returning to work. His only complaint was transient cough during inhalation. PFTs improved (e.g., DLCO, 58% at baseline, 81% at 2 years, 69% currently). Clinical monitoring showed preserved exercise tolerance and stable CT scans. He was ultimately diagnosed (year 5) with @entity4 -like connective tissue disease after he developed @entity7 and a positive antinuclear antibody. Inhaled @entity2 was well tolerated for 7 years and may stabilize @entity1 .

title: Pulmonary Fibrosis Treated with Inhaled XXXX ( @entity2 ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Parenteral @entity2 was unsuccessful as a treatment for @entity6 . Inhaled @entity2 targeted to the lungs may be more effective. Our @entity0 , a 56-year-old male with biopsy proven @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and declining pulmonary function tests (PFTs) was initially diagnosed with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). He enrolled in a 2-year research protocol and was treated with inhaled @entity5 times per week. After completion of the protocol, he was able to secure the drug and continued therapy for a total of 7 years. He felt better, returning to work. His only complaint was transient cough during inhalation. PFTs improved (e.g., DLCO, 58% at baseline, 81% at 2 years, 69% currently). Clinical monitoring showed preserved exercise tolerance and stable CT scans. He was ultimately diagnosed (year 5) with @entity4 -like connective tissue disease after he developed @entity7 and a positive antinuclear antibody. Inhaled @entity2 was well tolerated for 7 years and may stabilize @entity1 .

title: Pulmonary Fibrosis Treated with Inhaled @entity2 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To examine and critique various models guiding the care and education of @entity0 with @entity1 , to develop more helpful and effective approaches to care. The focus is on relationships and communication between @entity0 and healthcare providers. BACKGROUND: Many @entity0 are not adhering to the recommended treatments, hence it seems that effective @entity1 care is difficult to achieve, particularly for @entity0 of lower socio-economic status, who are disproportionately afflicted. The results are usually devastating, and lead to serious health complications that incisively diminish quality of life for @entity0 with @entity1 , frustrate healthcare providers and increase healthcare costs. DESIGN: Critical review. METHOD: This paper represents a critical review of various approaches to @entity1 care and education. A CINAHL search with relevant key words was carried out and selected exemplary research studies and articles describing and/or evaluating the various approaches to @entity1 care and management were examined. Particular attention was paid to how the paradigmatic underpinnings of these approaches construct @entity0 - healthcare provider relationships. CONCLUSION: The literature revealed that the traditional top-down approaches to care were largely ineffective, while collaborative approaches, based in respect and taking the whole @entity0 and their unique situations into account, were found to be central to good care. Further, an integration of the different kinds of knowledge contained in the various approaches can complement and extend one another. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Avoiding devastating complications by improving the management of @entity1 and overall quality of life of @entity0 is a worthwhile goal. Therefore expanding @entity1 care beyond the traditional bio-medical model to develop more effective approaches to care is of interest to all healthcare professionals working in this area.

title: An expanded model of XXXX care based in an analysis and critique of current approaches.

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONCLUSIONS: Hydrostatic positive pressure and vasoconstrictor acidified the cochlear fluids, whereas the vasodilator made the fluids alkaline. CBF might play a role in regulating cochlea fluid pH. OBJECTIVES: Cochlea fluid pH is highly dependent on the @entity4 / @entity5 buffer system. Cochlear blood flow (CBF) supplies @entity6 and removes @entity5 . It is speculated that cochlear blood flow changes might affect the balance of the @entity4 / @entity5 buffer system in the cochlea. It is known that the elevation of inner ear pressure decreases the CBF, and local application of vasodilating or vasoconstricting agents directly to the cochlea changes the CBF. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of positive hydrostatic inner ear pressure and application of a vasodilator and vasoconstrictor of cochlear vessels on the pH of the endolymph and perilymph. METHODS: The authors performed animal physiological experiments on 30 @entity0 . Hydrostatic positive pressure was infused through a glass capillary tube inserted into the scala tympani of the basal turn. The vasodilator, @entity1 donor ( @entity3 ; @entity7 ), and the vasoconstrictor, @entity2 , were placed topically onto the round window of the @entity0 cochlea. Endolymph pH (pHe) and endocochlear potential (EP) were monitored by double-barreled ion-selective microelectrodes in the second turn of the @entity0 cochlea. During the topical application study, scala vestibuli perilymph pH (pHv) was also measured simultaneously in the second turn. RESULTS: The application of hydrostatic positive pressure caused a decrease in pHe and EP. Positive perilymphatic pressure caused the endolymph to become acidic pressure-dependently. Application of 3.0% @entity7 evoked an increase in both the pHe and pHv, following by a gradual recovery to baseline levels. On the other hand, 0.5% @entity2 caused a decrease in both the pHe and pHv. The EP during topical application showed slight, non-significant changes.

title: Effects of perilymphatic pressure, XXXX , and @entity2 on cochlear fluid pH of @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: CONCLUSIONS: Hydrostatic positive pressure and vasoconstrictor acidified the cochlear fluids, whereas the vasodilator made the fluids alkaline. CBF might play a role in regulating cochlea fluid pH. OBJECTIVES: Cochlea fluid pH is highly dependent on the @entity4 / @entity5 buffer system. Cochlear blood flow (CBF) supplies @entity6 and removes @entity5 . It is speculated that cochlear blood flow changes might affect the balance of the @entity4 / @entity5 buffer system in the cochlea. It is known that the elevation of inner ear pressure decreases the CBF, and local application of vasodilating or vasoconstricting agents directly to the cochlea changes the CBF. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of positive hydrostatic inner ear pressure and application of a vasodilator and vasoconstrictor of cochlear vessels on the pH of the endolymph and perilymph. METHODS: The authors performed animal physiological experiments on 30 @entity0 . Hydrostatic positive pressure was infused through a glass capillary tube inserted into the scala tympani of the basal turn. The vasodilator, @entity1 donor ( @entity3 ; @entity7 ), and the vasoconstrictor, @entity2 , were placed topically onto the round window of the @entity0 cochlea. Endolymph pH (pHe) and endocochlear potential (EP) were monitored by double-barreled ion-selective microelectrodes in the second turn of the @entity0 cochlea. During the topical application study, scala vestibuli perilymph pH (pHv) was also measured simultaneously in the second turn. RESULTS: The application of hydrostatic positive pressure caused a decrease in pHe and EP. Positive perilymphatic pressure caused the endolymph to become acidic pressure-dependently. Application of 3.0% @entity7 evoked an increase in both the pHe and pHv, following by a gradual recovery to baseline levels. On the other hand, 0.5% @entity2 caused a decrease in both the pHe and pHv. The EP during topical application showed slight, non-significant changes.

title: Effects of perilymphatic pressure, @entity3 , and XXXX on cochlear fluid pH of @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONCLUSIONS: Hydrostatic positive pressure and vasoconstrictor acidified the cochlear fluids, whereas the vasodilator made the fluids alkaline. CBF might play a role in regulating cochlea fluid pH. OBJECTIVES: Cochlea fluid pH is highly dependent on the @entity4 / @entity5 buffer system. Cochlear blood flow (CBF) supplies @entity6 and removes @entity5 . It is speculated that cochlear blood flow changes might affect the balance of the @entity4 / @entity5 buffer system in the cochlea. It is known that the elevation of inner ear pressure decreases the CBF, and local application of vasodilating or vasoconstricting agents directly to the cochlea changes the CBF. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effect of positive hydrostatic inner ear pressure and application of a vasodilator and vasoconstrictor of cochlear vessels on the pH of the endolymph and perilymph. METHODS: The authors performed animal physiological experiments on 30 @entity0 . Hydrostatic positive pressure was infused through a glass capillary tube inserted into the scala tympani of the basal turn. The vasodilator, @entity1 donor ( @entity3 ; @entity7 ), and the vasoconstrictor, @entity2 , were placed topically onto the round window of the @entity0 cochlea. Endolymph pH (pHe) and endocochlear potential (EP) were monitored by double-barreled ion-selective microelectrodes in the second turn of the @entity0 cochlea. During the topical application study, scala vestibuli perilymph pH (pHv) was also measured simultaneously in the second turn. RESULTS: The application of hydrostatic positive pressure caused a decrease in pHe and EP. Positive perilymphatic pressure caused the endolymph to become acidic pressure-dependently. Application of 3.0% @entity7 evoked an increase in both the pHe and pHv, following by a gradual recovery to baseline levels. On the other hand, 0.5% @entity2 caused a decrease in both the pHe and pHv. The EP during topical application showed slight, non-significant changes.

title: Effects of perilymphatic pressure, @entity3 , and @entity2 on cochlear fluid pH of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 nanoparticles (NPs) have great potential for their use in, e.g., thin film solar cells due to their electro-optical properties adjustable on the nanoscale. Therefore, the production of well-defined NPs is of major interest. For a targeted production process, the knowledge of the stabilization layer of the NPs during and after their formation is of particular importance. For the study of the stabilizer layer of @entity1 NPs prepared in a wet chemical synthesis from @entity2 , only ex situ studies have been performed so far. An @entity0 layer bound to the surface of the dried NPs was found; however, an in situ study which addresses the stabilizing layer surrounding the NPs in a native dispersion was missing. By the combination of small angle scattering with neutrons and X-rays (SANS and SAXS) for the same sample, we are now able to observe the @entity0 shell in situ for the first time. In addition, the changes of this shell could be followed during the ripening process for different temperatures. With increasing size of the @entity1 core (dcore) the surrounding shell (dshell) becomes larger, and the @entity0 concentration within the shell is reduced. For all samples, the shell thickness was found to be larger than the maximum extension of an @entity0 molecule with @entity0 concentrations within the shell below 50 vol %. Thus, there is not a monolayer of @entity0 molecules that covers the NPs but rather a swollen shell of @entity0 ions. This shell is assumed to hinder the growth of the NPs to larger macrostructures. In addition, we found that the partition coefficient   between @entity0 in the shell surrounding the NPs and the total amount of @entity0 in the solution is about 10% which is in good agreement with ex situ data determined by thermogravimetric analysis.

title: A Combined SAXS/SANS Study for the in Situ Characterization of Ligand Shells on Small Nanoparticles: The Case of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Importance: @entity0 episodic memory performance is linked to the function of specific brain regions, including the hippocampus; declines as a result of increasing age; and is markedly disturbed in @entity2 ( @entity2 ), an age-associated @entity1 that primarily affects the hippocampus. Exploring the molecular underpinnings of @entity0 episodic memory is key to the understanding of hippocampus-dependent cognitive physiology and pathophysiology. Objective: To determine whether biologically defined groups of genes are enriched in episodic memory performance across age, memory encoding-related brain activity, and @entity2 . Design, Setting, and @entity0 : In this multicenter collaborative study, which began in August 2008 and is ongoing, gene set enrichment analysis was done by using primary and meta-analysis data from 57   968 @entity0 . The Swiss cohorts consisted of 3043 healthy young adults assessed for episodic memory performance. In a subgroup (n   =   1119) of one of these cohorts, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify gene set-dependent differences in brain activity related to episodic memory. The German Study on Aging, Cognition, and @entity3 in Primary Care @entity0 cohort consisted of 763 elderly @entity0 without @entity3 who were assessed for episodic memory performance. The International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project case-control sample consisted of 54   162 @entity0 (17   008 @entity0 with @entity2 and 37   154 control @entity0 ). Analyses were conducted between January 2014 and June 2015. Gene set enrichment analysis in all samples was done using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data. Main Outcomes and Measures: Episodic memory performance in the Swiss cohort and German Study on Aging, Cognition, and @entity3 in Primary Care @entity0 cohort was quantified by picture and @entity5 . In the functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, activation of the hippocampus during encoding of pictures served as the phenotype of interest. In the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project sample, diagnosis of @entity2 served as the phenotype of interest. Results: In the discovery sample, we detected significant enrichment for genes constituting the @entity4 signaling pathway, especially those related to the elevation of cytosolic @entity4 (P   =   2   *   10-4). This enrichment was replicated in 2 additional samples of healthy young individuals (P   =   .02 and .04, respectively) and a sample of healthy elderly @entity0 (P   =   .004). Hippocampal activation (P   =   4   *   10-4) and the risk for @entity2 (P   =   .01) were also significantly enriched for genes related to the elevation of cytosolic @entity4 . Conclusions and Relevance: By detecting consistent significant enrichment in independent cohorts of young and elderly @entity0 , this study identified that @entity4 signaling plays a central role in hippocampus-dependent @entity0 memory processes in cognitive health and disease, contributing to the understanding and potential treatment of hippocampus-dependent cognitive pathology.

title: Genetic Analysis of Association Between XXXX Signaling and Hippocampal Activation, Memory Performance in the Young and Old, and Risk for Sporadic @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Importance: @entity0 episodic memory performance is linked to the function of specific brain regions, including the hippocampus; declines as a result of increasing age; and is markedly disturbed in @entity2 ( @entity2 ), an age-associated @entity1 that primarily affects the hippocampus. Exploring the molecular underpinnings of @entity0 episodic memory is key to the understanding of hippocampus-dependent cognitive physiology and pathophysiology. Objective: To determine whether biologically defined groups of genes are enriched in episodic memory performance across age, memory encoding-related brain activity, and @entity2 . Design, Setting, and @entity0 : In this multicenter collaborative study, which began in August 2008 and is ongoing, gene set enrichment analysis was done by using primary and meta-analysis data from 57   968 @entity0 . The Swiss cohorts consisted of 3043 healthy young adults assessed for episodic memory performance. In a subgroup (n   =   1119) of one of these cohorts, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to identify gene set-dependent differences in brain activity related to episodic memory. The German Study on Aging, Cognition, and @entity3 in Primary Care @entity0 cohort consisted of 763 elderly @entity0 without @entity3 who were assessed for episodic memory performance. The International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project case-control sample consisted of 54   162 @entity0 (17   008 @entity0 with @entity2 and 37   154 control @entity0 ). Analyses were conducted between January 2014 and June 2015. Gene set enrichment analysis in all samples was done using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data. Main Outcomes and Measures: Episodic memory performance in the Swiss cohort and German Study on Aging, Cognition, and @entity3 in Primary Care @entity0 cohort was quantified by picture and @entity5 . In the functional magnetic resonance imaging experiment, activation of the hippocampus during encoding of pictures served as the phenotype of interest. In the International Genomics of Alzheimer's Project sample, diagnosis of @entity2 served as the phenotype of interest. Results: In the discovery sample, we detected significant enrichment for genes constituting the @entity4 signaling pathway, especially those related to the elevation of cytosolic @entity4 (P   =   2   *   10-4). This enrichment was replicated in 2 additional samples of healthy young individuals (P   =   .02 and .04, respectively) and a sample of healthy elderly @entity0 (P   =   .004). Hippocampal activation (P   =   4   *   10-4) and the risk for @entity2 (P   =   .01) were also significantly enriched for genes related to the elevation of cytosolic @entity4 . Conclusions and Relevance: By detecting consistent significant enrichment in independent cohorts of young and elderly @entity0 , this study identified that @entity4 signaling plays a central role in hippocampus-dependent @entity0 memory processes in cognitive health and disease, contributing to the understanding and potential treatment of hippocampus-dependent cognitive pathology.

title: Genetic Analysis of Association Between @entity4 Signaling and Hippocampal Activation, Memory Performance in the Young and Old, and Risk for Sporadic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The perception of being a burden or self-perceived burden (SPB) is associated with suicide ideation in @entity4 @entity0 (CPPs). The objective of this study was to determine if SPB is associated with five types of suicidality (wish to die, active suicide ideation, presence of suicide plan, history of suicide attempts, and preference for @entity2 over being disabled) in CPPs and acute @entity1 @entity0 (APPs). METHODS: Affirmation of SPB was statistically compared between community nonpatients without @entity1 (CNPWP), APPs, and CPPs. APPs and CPPs who had affirmed any of the five types of suicidality were compared statistically for affirmation of SPB. Hierarchical regression analysis was utilized to determine the significance of SPB in predicting each of the five types of suicidality in APPs and CPPs controlling for age, gender, race, education status, and two types of measures of @entity3 (current @entity3 ). RESULTS: APPs and CPPs were statistically more likely to affirm SPB than CNPWPs and CPPs were more likely than APPs to do so. There were no differences between APPs and CPPs in affirming SPB in APPs and CPPs who had affirmed any of the five types of suicidality. In CPPs, SPB predicted each type of suicidality in a significant fashion utilizing both types of @entity3 measures. For APPs, SPB predicted each type of suicidality in a significant fashion except for history of suicide attempt controlling for vegetative @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: SPB is associated with the vast majority of different types of suicidality in APPs and CPPs.

title: The Perception of Being a Burden in Acute and XXXX @entity0 is Associated with Affirmation of Different Types of Suicidality.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The perception of being a burden or self-perceived burden (SPB) is associated with suicide ideation in @entity4 @entity0 (CPPs). The objective of this study was to determine if SPB is associated with five types of suicidality (wish to die, active suicide ideation, presence of suicide plan, history of suicide attempts, and preference for @entity2 over being disabled) in CPPs and acute @entity1 @entity0 (APPs). METHODS: Affirmation of SPB was statistically compared between community nonpatients without @entity1 (CNPWP), APPs, and CPPs. APPs and CPPs who had affirmed any of the five types of suicidality were compared statistically for affirmation of SPB. Hierarchical regression analysis was utilized to determine the significance of SPB in predicting each of the five types of suicidality in APPs and CPPs controlling for age, gender, race, education status, and two types of measures of @entity3 (current @entity3 ). RESULTS: APPs and CPPs were statistically more likely to affirm SPB than CNPWPs and CPPs were more likely than APPs to do so. There were no differences between APPs and CPPs in affirming SPB in APPs and CPPs who had affirmed any of the five types of suicidality. In CPPs, SPB predicted each type of suicidality in a significant fashion utilizing both types of @entity3 measures. For APPs, SPB predicted each type of suicidality in a significant fashion except for history of suicide attempt controlling for vegetative @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: SPB is associated with the vast majority of different types of suicidality in APPs and CPPs.

title: The Perception of Being a Burden in Acute and @entity4 XXXX is Associated with Affirmation of Different Types of Suicidality.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The steady-state apparent @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of continuously infused @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were determined in 16 adult male @entity0 who were receiving combined @entity6 -radiation therapy. Seven @entity0 (group A) had Stage III @entity5 or @entity1 ; none had known @entity2 . Five @entity0 had @entity7 (group B), without known hepatic @entity2 . Four had @entity7 with evidence of hepatic @entity2 (group C). TBCs were calculated from infusion rates and serum @entity6 concentration data. The means (standard errors) of the TBCs were: group A, 4.49 (0.53); group B, 6.51 (0.53); group C, 2.96 (0.91) L/kg/h. The difference among the means was found to be significant (p less than 0.002) by one-way ANOVA. Differences among the groups were then examined using 95 percent confidence intervals: group A was not different from group B or group C; however, groups B and C differed from each other. @entity0 with hepatic @entity2 have @entity6 TBCs about half that of those found in @entity0 without hepatic involvement. Clinically, @entity0 in group C attained the higher serum @entity6 concentrations known to be radiosensitizing more frequently than @entity0 in the other two groups; differences in @entity3 were not evident. This suggests that administration of an agent that can compete with @entity6 for hepatic metabolism to @entity0 with rapid clearance might improve the therapeutic efficacy of @entity6 .

title: Clearance of continuously infused @entity6 in adults having lung or XXXX with or without hepatic @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The steady-state apparent @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of continuously infused @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were determined in 16 adult male @entity0 who were receiving combined @entity6 -radiation therapy. Seven @entity0 (group A) had Stage III @entity5 or @entity1 ; none had known @entity2 . Five @entity0 had @entity7 (group B), without known hepatic @entity2 . Four had @entity7 with evidence of hepatic @entity2 (group C). TBCs were calculated from infusion rates and serum @entity6 concentration data. The means (standard errors) of the TBCs were: group A, 4.49 (0.53); group B, 6.51 (0.53); group C, 2.96 (0.91) L/kg/h. The difference among the means was found to be significant (p less than 0.002) by one-way ANOVA. Differences among the groups were then examined using 95 percent confidence intervals: group A was not different from group B or group C; however, groups B and C differed from each other. @entity0 with hepatic @entity2 have @entity6 TBCs about half that of those found in @entity0 without hepatic involvement. Clinically, @entity0 in group C attained the higher serum @entity6 concentrations known to be radiosensitizing more frequently than @entity0 in the other two groups; differences in @entity3 were not evident. This suggests that administration of an agent that can compete with @entity6 for hepatic metabolism to @entity0 with rapid clearance might improve the therapeutic efficacy of @entity6 .

title: Clearance of continuously infused @entity6 in adults having lung or @entity7 with or without hepatic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The steady-state apparent @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of continuously infused @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were determined in 16 adult male @entity0 who were receiving combined @entity6 -radiation therapy. Seven @entity0 (group A) had Stage III @entity5 or @entity1 ; none had known @entity2 . Five @entity0 had @entity7 (group B), without known hepatic @entity2 . Four had @entity7 with evidence of hepatic @entity2 (group C). TBCs were calculated from infusion rates and serum @entity6 concentration data. The means (standard errors) of the TBCs were: group A, 4.49 (0.53); group B, 6.51 (0.53); group C, 2.96 (0.91) L/kg/h. The difference among the means was found to be significant (p less than 0.002) by one-way ANOVA. Differences among the groups were then examined using 95 percent confidence intervals: group A was not different from group B or group C; however, groups B and C differed from each other. @entity0 with hepatic @entity2 have @entity6 TBCs about half that of those found in @entity0 without hepatic involvement. Clinically, @entity0 in group C attained the higher serum @entity6 concentrations known to be radiosensitizing more frequently than @entity0 in the other two groups; differences in @entity3 were not evident. This suggests that administration of an agent that can compete with @entity6 for hepatic metabolism to @entity0 with rapid clearance might improve the therapeutic efficacy of @entity6 .

title: Clearance of continuously infused XXXX in adults having lung or @entity7 with or without hepatic @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ), including @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), are caused by interactions between susceptibility genes and environmental triggers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Solute carrier family 22, member 4 ( @entity6 ) have been shown to be associated with several @entity2 , including @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The aim of this study is to investigate whether SNP @entity7 in the @entity6 gene is associated with @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity3 in a Chinese Han population. METHODS: In this study, we collected specimens from 553 Chinese Han individuals of 92 @entity3 pedigrees in 10 cities in Liaoning province, China (80 @entity5 pedigrees, 478 members; 12 @entity4 pedigrees, 75 members). SNP @entity7 was genotyped using the TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium tests were performed among founders of the pedigrees using Haploview software. Family-based association tests performed using FBAT software. RESULTS: No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed (p   >   0.05). There were not significant association between the @entity6 gene polymorphism ( @entity7 ) and @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity3 was found. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a lack of association between the @entity6 gene polymorphism @entity7 and susceptibility to @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity3 in a Chinese Han population.

title: Association of single nucleotide polymorphism @entity7 in XXXX gene with @entity3 in a Chinese Han population.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ), including @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), are caused by interactions between susceptibility genes and environmental triggers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Solute carrier family 22, member 4 ( @entity6 ) have been shown to be associated with several @entity2 , including @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The aim of this study is to investigate whether SNP @entity7 in the @entity6 gene is associated with @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity3 in a Chinese Han population. METHODS: In this study, we collected specimens from 553 Chinese Han individuals of 92 @entity3 pedigrees in 10 cities in Liaoning province, China (80 @entity5 pedigrees, 478 members; 12 @entity4 pedigrees, 75 members). SNP @entity7 was genotyped using the TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium tests were performed among founders of the pedigrees using Haploview software. Family-based association tests performed using FBAT software. RESULTS: No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed (p   >   0.05). There were not significant association between the @entity6 gene polymorphism ( @entity7 ) and @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity3 was found. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a lack of association between the @entity6 gene polymorphism @entity7 and susceptibility to @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity3 in a Chinese Han population.

title: Association of single nucleotide polymorphism XXXX in @entity6 gene with @entity3 in a Chinese Han population.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ), including @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), are caused by interactions between susceptibility genes and environmental triggers. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Solute carrier family 22, member 4 ( @entity6 ) have been shown to be associated with several @entity2 , including @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The aim of this study is to investigate whether SNP @entity7 in the @entity6 gene is associated with @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity3 in a Chinese Han population. METHODS: In this study, we collected specimens from 553 Chinese Han individuals of 92 @entity3 pedigrees in 10 cities in Liaoning province, China (80 @entity5 pedigrees, 478 members; 12 @entity4 pedigrees, 75 members). SNP @entity7 was genotyped using the TaqMan allelic discrimination assay. Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium tests were performed among founders of the pedigrees using Haploview software. Family-based association tests performed using FBAT software. RESULTS: No deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was observed (p   >   0.05). There were not significant association between the @entity6 gene polymorphism ( @entity7 ) and @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity3 was found. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a lack of association between the @entity6 gene polymorphism @entity7 and susceptibility to @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity3 in a Chinese Han population.

title: Association of single nucleotide polymorphism @entity7 in @entity6 gene with XXXX in a Chinese Han population.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent research suggests a mechanistic role for @entity1 (BA) in the metabolic improvement following bariatric surgery. It is believed that the hormonal and metabolic effects associated with changes in systemic BAs may be related to the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and a G-protein coupled receptor ( @entity3 ). This systematic review examines changes in systemic BAs following bariatric procedures. Studies were included if they reported the measurement of systemic BAs in @entity0 at at least one time point after bariatric surgery. Eleven papers were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies reported the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on fasting BAs. The majority (6/7) reported that fasting BAs increased after RYGB. Data regarding fasting BAs after vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and laparoscopic gastric banding (LAGB) are inconsistent. Data regarding post-prandial BA changes after RYGB, VSG, and LAGB are also inconsistent. More research is needed to investigate the connection between BAs and the metabolic improvement seen after bariatric surgery.

title: The Influence of Bariatric Surgery on Serum XXXX in @entity0 and Potential Metabolic and Hormonal Implications: a Systematic Review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Recent research suggests a mechanistic role for @entity1 (BA) in the metabolic improvement following bariatric surgery. It is believed that the hormonal and metabolic effects associated with changes in systemic BAs may be related to the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and a G-protein coupled receptor ( @entity3 ). This systematic review examines changes in systemic BAs following bariatric procedures. Studies were included if they reported the measurement of systemic BAs in @entity0 at at least one time point after bariatric surgery. Eleven papers were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies reported the effect of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) on fasting BAs. The majority (6/7) reported that fasting BAs increased after RYGB. Data regarding fasting BAs after vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG) and laparoscopic gastric banding (LAGB) are inconsistent. Data regarding post-prandial BA changes after RYGB, VSG, and LAGB are also inconsistent. More research is needed to investigate the connection between BAs and the metabolic improvement seen after bariatric surgery.

title: The Influence of Bariatric Surgery on Serum @entity1 in XXXX and Potential Metabolic and Hormonal Implications: a Systematic Review.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many sub-Saharan countries are confronted with persistently high levels of childhood morbidity and mortality because of the impact of a range of demographic, biological and social factors or situational events that directly precipitate ill health. In particular, under-five morbidity and mortality have increased in recent decades due to childhood @entity3 , cough and @entity2 . Understanding the geographic distribution of such diseases and their relationships to potential risk factors can be invaluable for cost effective intervention. METHODS: Bayesian semi-parametric regression models were used to quantify the spatial risk of childhood @entity3 , @entity2 and cough, as well as associations between @entity1 and a range of factors, after accounting for spatial correlation between neighbouring areas. Such semi-parametric regression models allow joint analysis of non-linear effects of continuous covariates, spatially structured variation, unstructured heterogeneity, and other fixed effects on @entity1 . Modelling and inference made use of the fully Bayesian approach via Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation techniques. The analysis was based on data derived from the 1999, 2005/6 and 2010/11 Zimbabwe Demographic and Health Surveys (ZDHS). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that until recently, sex of @entity0 had little or no significant association with @entity1 . However, a higher proportion of male than female @entity0 within a given province had a significant association with childhood cough, @entity2 and @entity3 . Compared to their counterparts in rural areas, @entity0 raised in an urban setting had less exposure to cough, @entity2 and @entity3 across all the survey years with the exception of @entity3 in 2010. In addition, the link between sanitation, parental education, antenatal care, vaccination and @entity1 was found to be both intuitive and counterintuitive. Results also showed marked geographical differences in the prevalence of childhood @entity3 , @entity2 and cough. Across all the survey years Manicaland province reported the highest cases of @entity1 . There is also clear evidence of significant high prevalence of @entity1 in Mashonaland than in Matabeleland provinces.

title: Bayesian spatial analysis of XXXX in Zimbabwe.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate all cases of isolated factor VII (FVII) deficiency as gathered from personal files or by a PubMed search. @entity0 AND METHODS: Personal files dealing with @entity0 studied in Padua during the years 1970 to 2010 were reevaluated. The PubMed search was time unlimited and was carried on 2 occasions during 2014. Cross-checking of the references, listed in every article, was also carried out to avoid omissions. Inclusion criteria were isolated FVII defect of less than 40% of normal, negative coagulation pattern in the family, normal level of other @entity7 -dependent clotting factors, and normalization of the clotting factor after the therapeutic procedures, unless the @entity0 died. RESULTS: Twenty-nine @entity0 met the inclusion criteria (18 male and 9 female, in 2 cases gender was unreported). This number included 1 personal case. Mean age was 37.9 (range 3-80). Underlying diseases were the following: @entity1 , @entity3 , polytrauma, @entity2 administration, @entity6 Wiskott @entity9 , and @entity5 (1 case, each); 2 @entity0 had no underlying disease. Bleeding was variable but usually mild. There were 11 fatalities. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated @entity8 is a rare defect, which appears to be a finding associated with several morbid conditions, especially @entity4 and @entity1 . This indicates the need for a careful investigation of even a mild prolongation of prothrombin time, especially when fibrinogen and partial thromboplastin time are normal.

title: Acquired XXXX : An Underestimated and Potentially Important Laboratory Finding.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is found in 10%-15% of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . It differs from the common @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in histopathological appearance and clinical behavior. METHODS: Genome-wide DNA copy number and survival data from @entity3 and @entity5 primary @entity2 samples from @entity0 from two phase III trials (CAIRO and CAIRO2) was compared. Chromosomal copy number data from The @entity1 (TCGA) was used for validation. Altogether, 470 ACs were compared to 57 MCs. RESULTS: @entity3 showed a reduced amount of copy number aberrations (CNAs) compared with @entity5 for the CAIRO/CAIRO2 cohort, with a median amount of CNAs that was 1.5-fold lower (P = 0.002). Data from TCGA also showed a reduced amount of CNAs for @entity3 . @entity3 samples in both cohorts displayed @entity6 at chromosome 20q and less @entity4 . A high rate of chromosomal instability was a strong negative prognostic marker for survival in @entity3 @entity0 from the CAIRO cohorts (hazard ratio 15.60, 95% CI 3.24-75.05). CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study indicate that the distinct @entity3 phenotype is accompanied by a different genetic basis when compared with @entity5 and show a strong association between the rate of chromosomal instability and survival in @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Reduced rate of copy number aberrations in mucinous XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of the lung is a rare type of poorly differentiated @entity5 ( @entity5 ) that belongs to @entity3 ( @entity3 ). It exhibits @entity2 and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recently, immunotherapy targeting the @entity9 ( @entity9 )/PD ligand 1 ( @entity8 ) pathway has demonstrated favourable clinical outcomes in @entity5 . However, the expression patterns of @entity9 -related molecules in pulmonary @entity3 remain elusive. @entity8 and @entity10 expression was estimated in 41 cases of @entity3 using immunohistochemistry. @entity4 (+) and @entity9 (+) @entity1 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were also evaluated. @entity8 and @entity10 were highly expressed in pulmonary PCs (90.2% [37/41)]; 87.8% [36/41]). The amount of @entity4 (+) or @entity9 (+) TILs and the ratio of @entity9 (+)/ @entity4 (+) TILs in @entity3 were higher in males, smokers and older @entity0 . @entity8 -positive PCs were infiltrated by higher numbers of @entity4 (+) TILs compared to @entity8 -negative cases (P=0.006). Of note, @entity8 expression in pulmonary PCs was significantly higher in sarcomatous areas than in the @entity7 portion (P=0.006). @entity3 @entity0 with a high ratio of @entity9 (+)/ @entity4 (+) TILs showed a shorter progression-free survival (P=0.036), whereas @entity8 and @entity10 expression had no prognostic implications. Our study demonstrates that pulmonary PCs very frequently express @entity8 and @entity10 . Moreover, their expression is higher in @entity6 areas. Thus, targeting the @entity9 / @entity8 pathway may represent a potential therapeutic candidate for this @entity1 .

title: XXXX ligand 1 and 2 are highly expressed in @entity3 of the lung: Comparison of @entity7 areas.

answer: @entity9


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of the lung is a rare type of poorly differentiated @entity5 ( @entity5 ) that belongs to @entity3 ( @entity3 ). It exhibits @entity2 and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recently, immunotherapy targeting the @entity9 ( @entity9 )/PD ligand 1 ( @entity8 ) pathway has demonstrated favourable clinical outcomes in @entity5 . However, the expression patterns of @entity9 -related molecules in pulmonary @entity3 remain elusive. @entity8 and @entity10 expression was estimated in 41 cases of @entity3 using immunohistochemistry. @entity4 (+) and @entity9 (+) @entity1 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were also evaluated. @entity8 and @entity10 were highly expressed in pulmonary PCs (90.2% [37/41)]; 87.8% [36/41]). The amount of @entity4 (+) or @entity9 (+) TILs and the ratio of @entity9 (+)/ @entity4 (+) TILs in @entity3 were higher in males, smokers and older @entity0 . @entity8 -positive PCs were infiltrated by higher numbers of @entity4 (+) TILs compared to @entity8 -negative cases (P=0.006). Of note, @entity8 expression in pulmonary PCs was significantly higher in sarcomatous areas than in the @entity7 portion (P=0.006). @entity3 @entity0 with a high ratio of @entity9 (+)/ @entity4 (+) TILs showed a shorter progression-free survival (P=0.036), whereas @entity8 and @entity10 expression had no prognostic implications. Our study demonstrates that pulmonary PCs very frequently express @entity8 and @entity10 . Moreover, their expression is higher in @entity6 areas. Thus, targeting the @entity9 / @entity8 pathway may represent a potential therapeutic candidate for this @entity1 .

title: @entity9 ligand 1 and 2 are highly expressed in XXXX of the lung: Comparison of @entity7 areas.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of the lung is a rare type of poorly differentiated @entity5 ( @entity5 ) that belongs to @entity3 ( @entity3 ). It exhibits @entity2 and resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recently, immunotherapy targeting the @entity9 ( @entity9 )/PD ligand 1 ( @entity8 ) pathway has demonstrated favourable clinical outcomes in @entity5 . However, the expression patterns of @entity9 -related molecules in pulmonary @entity3 remain elusive. @entity8 and @entity10 expression was estimated in 41 cases of @entity3 using immunohistochemistry. @entity4 (+) and @entity9 (+) @entity1 -infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) were also evaluated. @entity8 and @entity10 were highly expressed in pulmonary PCs (90.2% [37/41)]; 87.8% [36/41]). The amount of @entity4 (+) or @entity9 (+) TILs and the ratio of @entity9 (+)/ @entity4 (+) TILs in @entity3 were higher in males, smokers and older @entity0 . @entity8 -positive PCs were infiltrated by higher numbers of @entity4 (+) TILs compared to @entity8 -negative cases (P=0.006). Of note, @entity8 expression in pulmonary PCs was significantly higher in sarcomatous areas than in the @entity7 portion (P=0.006). @entity3 @entity0 with a high ratio of @entity9 (+)/ @entity4 (+) TILs showed a shorter progression-free survival (P=0.036), whereas @entity8 and @entity10 expression had no prognostic implications. Our study demonstrates that pulmonary PCs very frequently express @entity8 and @entity10 . Moreover, their expression is higher in @entity6 areas. Thus, targeting the @entity9 / @entity8 pathway may represent a potential therapeutic candidate for this @entity1 .

title: @entity9 ligand 1 and 2 are highly expressed in @entity3 of the lung: Comparison of XXXX areas.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The progression of functional connectivity (FC) patterns from non- @entity1 (non-HE) to @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is not well known. This resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) study investigated the evolution of intrinsic FC patterns from non-HE to @entity2 . A total of 103 cirrhotic @entity0 ( @entity2 , n   =   34 and non-HE, n   =   69) and 103 healthy controls underwent rs-fMRI scanning. Maps of distant and local FC density (dFCD and lFCD, respectively) were compared among @entity2 , non-HE, and healthy control groups. Decreased lFCD in anterior cingulate cortex, pre- and postcentral gyri, cuneus, lingual gyrus, and putamen was observed in both @entity2 and non-HE @entity0 relative to controls. There was no difference in lFCD between @entity2 and non-HE groups. The latter showed decreased dFCD in inferior parietal lobule, cuneus, and medial frontal cortex relative to controls; however, @entity2 @entity0 showed decreased dFCD in frontal and parietal cortices as well as increased dFCD in thalamus and caudate head relative to control and non-HE groups. Abnormal FCD values in some regions correlated with @entity2 @entity0 ' neuropsychological performance. In conclusion, lFCD and dFCD were perturbed in @entity2 . Impaired dFCD in regions within the cortico-striato-thalamic circuit may be more closely associated with the development of @entity2 .

title: Role of local and distant functional connectivity density in the development of minimal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: Aim of the study is to present our own experiences in the treatment of @entity0 suffering from penetrating neck @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the years 1996-2012, 10 @entity0 with penetrating neck @entity2 were treated, including 3 @entity0 and 7 @entity0 . The @entity0 ' age ranged from 16 to 55 (the average age being 40.7 years). In 9 cases the wound was caused by cutting or stabbing, while in one case it was inflicted by a gunshot. In 8 @entity0 it was a single cut wound, while one @entity0 suffered from 34 stab wounds to the neck, chest and stomach. Two cut wounds resulted from a suicide attempt. The remaining injuries were the result of a crime. RESULTS: All @entity0 underwent immediate surgery, which involved revision of the neck wounds in 8 cases, one longitudinal sternotomy and one left-sided thoracotomy. The indications for surgery included increased @entity5 in 5 @entity0 , @entity3 from the wound in 3 @entity0 , and mediastinal @entity4 in 2 @entity0 . The damage assessed intraoperatively included @entity1 in 6 @entity0 , damage to carotid vessels in 3 @entity0 , larynx in 2 @entity0 , thoracic vessels in 2 @entity0 , oesophagus in 1 @entity0 and thyroid gland in 1 @entity0 . In 9 @entity0 , the treatment yielded positive results. The @entity0 with a gunshot wound died during the surgery due to @entity3 from the aorta. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with penetrating neck wounds, early and rapid diagnostics allows one to determine the indications for surgery and prevent serious fatal complications.

title: Penetrating neck XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between @entity2 vaccination and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) therapies during @entity2 season is not known and is described in this study. Understanding this association is important since reduction in @entity1 therapies during @entity2 season via use of @entity2 vaccination would benefit @entity0 physically and psychologically. METHODS: @entity0 presenting to the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center @entity1 clinic between September 1st, 2011 and November 31st, 2011 were asked to complete a survey evaluating their use of the @entity2 vaccine. The number of @entity0 with any @entity1 therapy and the total number of @entity1 therapies in the six months before and the three months during the 2010-2011 @entity2 season were determined. Poisson regression analysis was employed to assess differences in the average number of @entity1 therapies received during the @entity2 season based on vaccine status (vaccinated vs. unvaccinated). The analysis was repeated after limiting the cohort to @entity0 with a left ventricular ejection fraction  <=35%. RESULTS: A total of 229 @entity0 completed the survey, 78% of whom received the @entity2 vaccine. Four @entity0 had more than one @entity1 shock during the study period. Electrical storm was rare (n=2). A trend toward more @entity1 therapies (unadjusted incident rate ratio (IRR)=3.2; P=0.07) and appropriate @entity1 shocks (unadjusted IRR=9.0; P=0.17) was noted for unvaccinated compared to vaccinated @entity0 . This association persisted when analysis was limited to @entity0 with a left ventricular ejection fraction  <=35% (all @entity1 therapies: unadjusted IRR=5.8; P=0.045; adjusted IRR=2.6; P=0.33). No @entity0 who received the @entity2 vaccine, and had a reduced ejection fraction, received an approprite @entity1 shock during @entity2 season (unadjusted P<0.002). CONCLUSION: A trend toward more @entity1 therapies during @entity2 season was observed in @entity0 who did not receive the @entity2 vaccine compared to those who did. The association was stronger in @entity0 who received appropriate @entity1 shocks and in @entity0 with @entity3 . Further work to confirm these findings is recommended.

title: Increased defibrillator therapies during XXXX season in @entity0 without @entity2 vaccines.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between @entity2 vaccination and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) therapies during @entity2 season is not known and is described in this study. Understanding this association is important since reduction in @entity1 therapies during @entity2 season via use of @entity2 vaccination would benefit @entity0 physically and psychologically. METHODS: @entity0 presenting to the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center @entity1 clinic between September 1st, 2011 and November 31st, 2011 were asked to complete a survey evaluating their use of the @entity2 vaccine. The number of @entity0 with any @entity1 therapy and the total number of @entity1 therapies in the six months before and the three months during the 2010-2011 @entity2 season were determined. Poisson regression analysis was employed to assess differences in the average number of @entity1 therapies received during the @entity2 season based on vaccine status (vaccinated vs. unvaccinated). The analysis was repeated after limiting the cohort to @entity0 with a left ventricular ejection fraction  <=35%. RESULTS: A total of 229 @entity0 completed the survey, 78% of whom received the @entity2 vaccine. Four @entity0 had more than one @entity1 shock during the study period. Electrical storm was rare (n=2). A trend toward more @entity1 therapies (unadjusted incident rate ratio (IRR)=3.2; P=0.07) and appropriate @entity1 shocks (unadjusted IRR=9.0; P=0.17) was noted for unvaccinated compared to vaccinated @entity0 . This association persisted when analysis was limited to @entity0 with a left ventricular ejection fraction  <=35% (all @entity1 therapies: unadjusted IRR=5.8; P=0.045; adjusted IRR=2.6; P=0.33). No @entity0 who received the @entity2 vaccine, and had a reduced ejection fraction, received an approprite @entity1 shock during @entity2 season (unadjusted P<0.002). CONCLUSION: A trend toward more @entity1 therapies during @entity2 season was observed in @entity0 who did not receive the @entity2 vaccine compared to those who did. The association was stronger in @entity0 who received appropriate @entity1 shocks and in @entity0 with @entity3 . Further work to confirm these findings is recommended.

title: Increased defibrillator therapies during @entity2 season in @entity0 without XXXX vaccines.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between @entity2 vaccination and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) therapies during @entity2 season is not known and is described in this study. Understanding this association is important since reduction in @entity1 therapies during @entity2 season via use of @entity2 vaccination would benefit @entity0 physically and psychologically. METHODS: @entity0 presenting to the Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center @entity1 clinic between September 1st, 2011 and November 31st, 2011 were asked to complete a survey evaluating their use of the @entity2 vaccine. The number of @entity0 with any @entity1 therapy and the total number of @entity1 therapies in the six months before and the three months during the 2010-2011 @entity2 season were determined. Poisson regression analysis was employed to assess differences in the average number of @entity1 therapies received during the @entity2 season based on vaccine status (vaccinated vs. unvaccinated). The analysis was repeated after limiting the cohort to @entity0 with a left ventricular ejection fraction  <=35%. RESULTS: A total of 229 @entity0 completed the survey, 78% of whom received the @entity2 vaccine. Four @entity0 had more than one @entity1 shock during the study period. Electrical storm was rare (n=2). A trend toward more @entity1 therapies (unadjusted incident rate ratio (IRR)=3.2; P=0.07) and appropriate @entity1 shocks (unadjusted IRR=9.0; P=0.17) was noted for unvaccinated compared to vaccinated @entity0 . This association persisted when analysis was limited to @entity0 with a left ventricular ejection fraction  <=35% (all @entity1 therapies: unadjusted IRR=5.8; P=0.045; adjusted IRR=2.6; P=0.33). No @entity0 who received the @entity2 vaccine, and had a reduced ejection fraction, received an approprite @entity1 shock during @entity2 season (unadjusted P<0.002). CONCLUSION: A trend toward more @entity1 therapies during @entity2 season was observed in @entity0 who did not receive the @entity2 vaccine compared to those who did. The association was stronger in @entity0 who received appropriate @entity1 shocks and in @entity0 with @entity3 . Further work to confirm these findings is recommended.

title: Increased defibrillator therapies during @entity2 season in XXXX without @entity2 vaccines.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Hip and @entity4 are common in elderly @entity0 , who are at an increased risk of complications if their @entity1 is suboptimally managed. This systematic review seeks to determine if regional nerve blocks reduce @entity1 , reduce the need for parenteral opiates, and reduce complications, compared to @entity1 management with opiates, @entity3 , or NSAIDs. Data sources Systematic review of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials found 401 articles, of which nine were selected for inclusion. Study selection Randomized controlled trials including adult @entity0 with a hip or @entity4 (Population) who had a 3-in-1 femoral nerve @entity2 , or fascia iliaca compartment block performed preoperatively (Intervention). Comparison must have been made with @entity1 management with opiates, @entity3 , or NSAIDs (Comparison) and outcomes must have included @entity1 score reduction (Outcome). Data synthesis Eight out of nine studies concluded @entity1 scores were improved with the regional nerve block compared to @entity1 management. A significant reduction in parenteral opiate use was seen in five out of six studies. No @entity0 suffered life-threatening complications related to the nerve block; however, more minor complications were under-reported. Most of the studies were at a moderate to high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: Regional nerve blocks for hip and @entity4 have a benefit in reducing @entity1 and the need for IV opiates. The use of these blocks can be recommended for these @entity0 . Further high-quality randomized controlled trials are required.

title: Regional Nerve Blocks For Hip and XXXX in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Seven @entity0 prepared with carotid loops were used to evaluate the responsiveness of the cerebral osmoreceptors regulating plasma vasopressin concentration (pAVP). Intracarotid and intravenous infusions of hypo- and hypertonic solutions were used to alter cerebral plasma osmolality. Bilateral intracarotid infusion of hypertonic saline (0.90 mmol @entity2 kg-1 . min-1 . artery-1) significantly elevated jugular vein plasma osmolality (pOsm) in the first minute (P less than 0.05). Systemic values, determined from saphenous vein samples, were increased after 6 min. After 4 min of infusion, systemic pAVP was significantly increased, attaining a constant level at 6 min. Subsequent experiments with infusions 6 min in duration demonstrated that hypertonic saline infused intracarotidly significantly increased pAVP in a dose-related fashion, whereas similar solutions administered intravenously did not alter pAVP. @entity3 infusions (intravenous or intracarotid) did not change pAVP consistently. The lack of a @entity1 in pAVP during @entity3 infusions is consistent with the argument that jugular pOsm must be elevated above a threshold to stimulate the release of vasopressin. Linear relationships were demonstrated for jugular pNa+ and pOsm to pAVP employing the threshold model. Cerebral osmoreceptors that regulate plasma vasopressin concentration respond linearly to increasing tonicity above a threshold stimulating the release of vasopressin.

title: Osmotic control of plasma vasopressin in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have examined @entity5 (NE) and @entity4 (DA) initial concentrations, rate constants and turnover rates in microdissected regions of the hypothalamus and gonadotropin release in ovariectomized (OVX) @entity2 -treated adult control and @entity3 -sterilized @entity0 (ASR) (50 micrograms @entity7 at 5 days of age). When Silastic capsules containing @entity1 (E2) were implanted one week after ovariectomy (Day 0) in control @entity0 , afternoon luteinizing hormone (LH) surges occurred on Days 3 and 4. When 2 @entity6 (P) silastic capsules were placed s.c. on Day 3 at 0900 h into E2-primed ovariectomized controls, the afternoon LH plasma surge concentrations were markedly amplified. In contrast, identical E2 or E2P treatment of adult ovariectomized ASR had no effect on plasma LH on either Days 3 or 4 after E2 capsule placement. Serum concentration differences of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), @entity8 (Prl), E2 and P between control @entity0 and ASR and the effects of E2 treatment on these hormone levels also were recorded. In E2-treated ASR, initial steady state concentrations of NE were significantly less than in controls in all brain regions examined. NE turnover rates increased significantly in E2-treated controls at 1500-1700 h compared to those at 1000-1200 h in median eminence (ME), @entity10 ( @entity10 ), suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) but not in arcuate nucleus (AN). No increase in NE turnover rates occurred in @entity10 and ME and only slight increases in turnovers were observed in SCN and AN in E2-treated ASR during the afternoon. DA turnover rates declined between morning and afternoon in ME of control and ASR. In control @entity0 , DA turnover rates increased during the afternoon in AN and @entity10 but remained unchanged in these same hypothalamic regions in ASR. A considerable amount of previous evidence suggests that NE may be the neural trigger which evokes the release of @entity9 (LHRH) from ME axon terminals in normal proestrous or in E2-treated ovariectomized @entity0 . The failure of NE to be released into the @entity10 and ME of ASR may account for the failure of @entity1 to induce LH surges in these animals.

title: Failure of the hypothalamic noradrenergic system to function in adult XXXX -sterilized @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We have examined @entity5 (NE) and @entity4 (DA) initial concentrations, rate constants and turnover rates in microdissected regions of the hypothalamus and gonadotropin release in ovariectomized (OVX) @entity2 -treated adult control and @entity3 -sterilized @entity0 (ASR) (50 micrograms @entity7 at 5 days of age). When Silastic capsules containing @entity1 (E2) were implanted one week after ovariectomy (Day 0) in control @entity0 , afternoon luteinizing hormone (LH) surges occurred on Days 3 and 4. When 2 @entity6 (P) silastic capsules were placed s.c. on Day 3 at 0900 h into E2-primed ovariectomized controls, the afternoon LH plasma surge concentrations were markedly amplified. In contrast, identical E2 or E2P treatment of adult ovariectomized ASR had no effect on plasma LH on either Days 3 or 4 after E2 capsule placement. Serum concentration differences of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), @entity8 (Prl), E2 and P between control @entity0 and ASR and the effects of E2 treatment on these hormone levels also were recorded. In E2-treated ASR, initial steady state concentrations of NE were significantly less than in controls in all brain regions examined. NE turnover rates increased significantly in E2-treated controls at 1500-1700 h compared to those at 1000-1200 h in median eminence (ME), @entity10 ( @entity10 ), suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) but not in arcuate nucleus (AN). No increase in NE turnover rates occurred in @entity10 and ME and only slight increases in turnovers were observed in SCN and AN in E2-treated ASR during the afternoon. DA turnover rates declined between morning and afternoon in ME of control and ASR. In control @entity0 , DA turnover rates increased during the afternoon in AN and @entity10 but remained unchanged in these same hypothalamic regions in ASR. A considerable amount of previous evidence suggests that NE may be the neural trigger which evokes the release of @entity9 (LHRH) from ME axon terminals in normal proestrous or in E2-treated ovariectomized @entity0 . The failure of NE to be released into the @entity10 and ME of ASR may account for the failure of @entity1 to induce LH surges in these animals.

title: Failure of the hypothalamic noradrenergic system to function in adult @entity3 -sterilized XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For investigation of the molecular interaction of cranberry extract with adhesins of uropathogenic @entity1 (UPEC), urine from four volunteers consuming standardized cranberry extract ( @entity4 content = 1.24%) was analyzed within ex vivo experiments, indicating time-dependent significant inhibition of 40-50% of bacterial adhesion of UPEC strain NU14 to @entity0 @entity0 bladder cells. Under in vitro conditions a dose-dependent increase in bacterial adhesion was observed with @entity4 -enriched cranberry Vaccinium macrocarpon extract ( @entity4 content = 21%). Confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy proved that V.m. extract led to the formation of bacterial clusters on the outer plasma membrane of the host cells without subsequent internalization. This agglomerating activity was not observed when a @entity3 -depleted extract (V.m. extract(   @entity3 )) was used, which showed significant inhibition of bacterial adhesion in cases where type 1 fimbriae dominated and @entity2 -sensitive UPEC strain NU14 was used. V.m. extract(   @entity3 ) had no inhibitory activity against P- and F1C-fimbriae dominated strain 2980. Quantitative gene expression analysis indicated that @entity3 -containing as well as @entity3 -depleted cranberry extracts increased the fimH expression in NU14 as part of a feedback mechanism after blocking FimH. For strain 2980 the @entity3 -containing extract led to up-regulation of P- and F1C-fimbriae, whereas the @entity3 -depleted extract had no influence on gene expression. V.m. and V.m. extract(   @entity3 ) did not influence biofilm and curli formation in UPEC strains NU14 and 2980. These data lead to the conclusion that also @entity4 -free cranberry extracts exert antiadhesive activity by interaction with @entity2 -sensitive type 1 fimbriae of UPEC.

title: In Vivo Consumption of Cranberry Exerts ex Vivo Antiadhesive Activity against FimH-Dominated Uropathogenic XXXX : A Combined in Vivo, ex Vivo, and in Vitro Study of an Extract from Vaccinium macrocarpon.

answer: @entity1