abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess 1) the effectiveness of male-predominant plasma transfusion strategy for preventing transfusion-related @entity1 and related mortality; and 2) whether this effect varies across different @entity0 subgroups. DESIGN: Systematic Review and meta-analysis: Data were identified by querying MEDLINE and EMBASE (including proceedings of major conferences on blood transfusions), searching the Internet for hemovigilance reports, reviewing reference lists of eligible articles and contacting experts in the field. Eligible were all studies reporting transfusion-related @entity1 incidence, all-cause mortality (primary outcomes), hospital length of stay, time to extubation, PaO2/FIO2-ratio or blood pressure changes (secondary outcomes) in recipients of plasma transfusions containing relatively more plasma from individuals at low risk of carrying leukocyte-antibodies ("male plasma") than those receiving comparator plasma ("control plasma"). No limits were placed on study design, population or language. The only exclusion criteria were non- @entity0 subjects and lack of control group. Prespecified study quality indicators (including risk of bias assessment) and potential effect modifiers were tested using Cochran's Q Test. Final analyses using random-effects models and I2 to assess heterogeneity were performed in the subset of studies judged to provide the best evidence and separately for significantly different subgroups using STATA 12.1 (StataCorp, College Station, TX). SETTING: As per primary studies. @entity0 /SUBJECTS: As per primary studies. INTERVENTIONS: As per primary studies (generally: exposure to plasma containing relatively more male plasma than comparator plasma). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: From a total of 850 retrieved records, we identified 45 eligible studies. For transfusion-related @entity1 incidence, final analysis was restricted to 13 cohort studies and one randomized controlled trial in which transfusion-related @entity1 cases only involved plasma transfusions. Risk of transfusion-related @entity1 and mortality in plasma recipients exposed to @entity0 when compared with control plasma were 0.27 (95% CI, 0.20-0.38; p < 0.001; I = 0%; n = 14; 286 events) and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.80-1.00; p = 0.04; I = 79%; n = 7; 5, 710 events), respectively. No other significant interactions were found. Secondary outcomes showed similar results but were less reported and the studies were more heterogeneous. Sensitivity analyses did not alter the results. There was no evidence of publication bias. DISCUSSION: More than 800 million @entity0 in 17 countries are subject to male-predominant plasma transfusion policy and at least three more countries are planning or considering adoption of this strategy. On the basis of most observational data, judged to be of high quality, male-predominant plasma transfusion strategy reduces plasma-related transfusion-related @entity1 incidence and possibly mortality. There was no evidence that the effect differs across @entity0 subgroups, but power to detect such differences was low.

title: Male-predominant plasma transfusion strategy for preventing transfusion-related XXXX : a systematic review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The most important lesion to be overlooked when performing @entity2 inspection of the lungs is @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to assess the additional @entity0 health risk represented by overlooking cases of @entity3 represented by @entity1 in finisher @entity5 , when conducting @entity2 compared to palpation of the lungs, as is the traditional meat inspection procedure. An examination of bacteria isolated from 19 finisher @entity5 identified with @entity1 at traditional meat inspection was undertaken. From each @entity5 samples were taken from various organs (lungs, spleen, heart, liver and kidney), from the @entity6 (A. carpi) and flexor muscle (M. flexor digitorum superficialis) on the right foreleg. These data were included in a risk assessment following OIE guidelines. Bacteria were isolated from 78 out of 127 tissue and swap samples taken (61% positive samples). @entity4 (N=37) was the most frequently isolated bacterium. The predominant site of @entity4 was the lung. @entity4 was detected although less frequently in low numbers in some organs (<100CFU/sample) and muscle samples (<10CFU/sample). Only one @entity4 isolate was found. @entity7 (N=24) was the second most commonly found bacterium. There was no predominant site and the number of @entity7 was less than 50CFU per sample. The risk of a food-borne intoxication from @entity4 in relation to @entity3 in @entity5 was considered very low due to the low quantitative numbers of @entity4 in muscle tissue samples. Implementing @entity2 inspection will reduce the exposure of @entity4 due to less cross-contamination and handling of the plucks by the meat inspectors. The @entity0 health risk associated with @entity7 was considered very low, due to the limited zoonotic potential of this bacterium. In conclusion, the additional @entity0 health risk in relation to possibly overlooking @entity3 in Danish finisher @entity5 was considered negligible when conducting @entity2 compared to traditional meat inspection.

title: Assessment of @entity0 health risk associated with @entity3 in Danish finisher @entity5 when conducting XXXX inspection of the lungs.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The most important lesion to be overlooked when performing @entity2 inspection of the lungs is @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to assess the additional @entity0 health risk represented by overlooking cases of @entity3 represented by @entity1 in finisher @entity5 , when conducting @entity2 compared to palpation of the lungs, as is the traditional meat inspection procedure. An examination of bacteria isolated from 19 finisher @entity5 identified with @entity1 at traditional meat inspection was undertaken. From each @entity5 samples were taken from various organs (lungs, spleen, heart, liver and kidney), from the @entity6 (A. carpi) and flexor muscle (M. flexor digitorum superficialis) on the right foreleg. These data were included in a risk assessment following OIE guidelines. Bacteria were isolated from 78 out of 127 tissue and swap samples taken (61% positive samples). @entity4 (N=37) was the most frequently isolated bacterium. The predominant site of @entity4 was the lung. @entity4 was detected although less frequently in low numbers in some organs (<100CFU/sample) and muscle samples (<10CFU/sample). Only one @entity4 isolate was found. @entity7 (N=24) was the second most commonly found bacterium. There was no predominant site and the number of @entity7 was less than 50CFU per sample. The risk of a food-borne intoxication from @entity4 in relation to @entity3 in @entity5 was considered very low due to the low quantitative numbers of @entity4 in muscle tissue samples. Implementing @entity2 inspection will reduce the exposure of @entity4 due to less cross-contamination and handling of the plucks by the meat inspectors. The @entity0 health risk associated with @entity7 was considered very low, due to the limited zoonotic potential of this bacterium. In conclusion, the additional @entity0 health risk in relation to possibly overlooking @entity3 in Danish finisher @entity5 was considered negligible when conducting @entity2 compared to traditional meat inspection.

title: Assessment of @entity0 health risk associated with XXXX in Danish finisher @entity5 when conducting @entity2 inspection of the lungs.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The most important lesion to be overlooked when performing @entity2 inspection of the lungs is @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to assess the additional @entity0 health risk represented by overlooking cases of @entity3 represented by @entity1 in finisher @entity5 , when conducting @entity2 compared to palpation of the lungs, as is the traditional meat inspection procedure. An examination of bacteria isolated from 19 finisher @entity5 identified with @entity1 at traditional meat inspection was undertaken. From each @entity5 samples were taken from various organs (lungs, spleen, heart, liver and kidney), from the @entity6 (A. carpi) and flexor muscle (M. flexor digitorum superficialis) on the right foreleg. These data were included in a risk assessment following OIE guidelines. Bacteria were isolated from 78 out of 127 tissue and swap samples taken (61% positive samples). @entity4 (N=37) was the most frequently isolated bacterium. The predominant site of @entity4 was the lung. @entity4 was detected although less frequently in low numbers in some organs (<100CFU/sample) and muscle samples (<10CFU/sample). Only one @entity4 isolate was found. @entity7 (N=24) was the second most commonly found bacterium. There was no predominant site and the number of @entity7 was less than 50CFU per sample. The risk of a food-borne intoxication from @entity4 in relation to @entity3 in @entity5 was considered very low due to the low quantitative numbers of @entity4 in muscle tissue samples. Implementing @entity2 inspection will reduce the exposure of @entity4 due to less cross-contamination and handling of the plucks by the meat inspectors. The @entity0 health risk associated with @entity7 was considered very low, due to the limited zoonotic potential of this bacterium. In conclusion, the additional @entity0 health risk in relation to possibly overlooking @entity3 in Danish finisher @entity5 was considered negligible when conducting @entity2 compared to traditional meat inspection.

title: Assessment of @entity0 health risk associated with @entity3 in Danish finisher XXXX when conducting @entity2 inspection of the lungs.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The most important lesion to be overlooked when performing @entity2 inspection of the lungs is @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to assess the additional @entity0 health risk represented by overlooking cases of @entity3 represented by @entity1 in finisher @entity5 , when conducting @entity2 compared to palpation of the lungs, as is the traditional meat inspection procedure. An examination of bacteria isolated from 19 finisher @entity5 identified with @entity1 at traditional meat inspection was undertaken. From each @entity5 samples were taken from various organs (lungs, spleen, heart, liver and kidney), from the @entity6 (A. carpi) and flexor muscle (M. flexor digitorum superficialis) on the right foreleg. These data were included in a risk assessment following OIE guidelines. Bacteria were isolated from 78 out of 127 tissue and swap samples taken (61% positive samples). @entity4 (N=37) was the most frequently isolated bacterium. The predominant site of @entity4 was the lung. @entity4 was detected although less frequently in low numbers in some organs (<100CFU/sample) and muscle samples (<10CFU/sample). Only one @entity4 isolate was found. @entity7 (N=24) was the second most commonly found bacterium. There was no predominant site and the number of @entity7 was less than 50CFU per sample. The risk of a food-borne intoxication from @entity4 in relation to @entity3 in @entity5 was considered very low due to the low quantitative numbers of @entity4 in muscle tissue samples. Implementing @entity2 inspection will reduce the exposure of @entity4 due to less cross-contamination and handling of the plucks by the meat inspectors. The @entity0 health risk associated with @entity7 was considered very low, due to the limited zoonotic potential of this bacterium. In conclusion, the additional @entity0 health risk in relation to possibly overlooking @entity3 in Danish finisher @entity5 was considered negligible when conducting @entity2 compared to traditional meat inspection.

title: Assessment of XXXX health risk associated with @entity3 in Danish finisher @entity5 when conducting @entity2 inspection of the lungs.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity12 , lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-1, is a single transmembrane receptor mainly expressed on endothelial cells. @entity12 mediates the uptake of oxidized LDL, an early step in @entity3 ; however, little is known about whether @entity12 is involved in angiogenesis during tissue @entity1 . Therefore, we examined the role of @entity12 in @entity1 -induced angiogenesis in the hindlimbs of @entity12 knockout (KO) @entity0 . Angiogenesis was evaluated in a surgically induced hindlimb @entity1 model using laser Doppler blood flowmetry (LDBF) and histological @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). After right hindlimb @entity1 , the @entity1 /nonischemic hindlimb blood flow ratio was persistently lower in @entity9 -1 KO @entity0 than in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . @entity8 and @entity7 were significantly smaller in @entity9 -1 KO @entity0 than in @entity2 @entity0 on postoperative day 14. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the number of macrophages infiltrating @entity1 tissues was significantly smaller in @entity9 -1 KO @entity0 than in @entity2 @entity0 . The number of infiltrated macrophages expressing @entity4 was also significantly smaller in @entity9 -1 KO @entity0 than in @entity2 @entity0 . Western blot analysis and ROS production assay revealed that @entity9 - KO @entity0 show significant decrease in @entity11 expression, ROS production and @entity5 expression, the phosphorylation of @entity6 and NF-kB p65 subunit as well as expression of redox-sensitive @entity10 ( @entity10 ) and @entity12 itself in @entity1 muscles, which is supposed to be required for macrophage infiltration expressing angiogenic factor @entity4 . Reduction of @entity4 expression successively suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS, which accelerated angiogenesis, in the @entity1 leg of @entity9 -1 KO @entity0 . Our findings indicate that @entity12 plays an important role in @entity1 -induced angiogenesis by 1) @entity11 -ROS-NF-kB activation, 2) upregulated expression of adhesion molecules: @entity10 and @entity12 ) promoting macrophage infiltration, which expresses angiogenic factor @entity4 .

title: XXXX Plays an Important Role in @entity1 -Induced Angiogenesis of Limbs.

answer: @entity12


abstract: @entity12 , lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-1, is a single transmembrane receptor mainly expressed on endothelial cells. @entity12 mediates the uptake of oxidized LDL, an early step in @entity3 ; however, little is known about whether @entity12 is involved in angiogenesis during tissue @entity1 . Therefore, we examined the role of @entity12 in @entity1 -induced angiogenesis in the hindlimbs of @entity12 knockout (KO) @entity0 . Angiogenesis was evaluated in a surgically induced hindlimb @entity1 model using laser Doppler blood flowmetry (LDBF) and histological @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). After right hindlimb @entity1 , the @entity1 /nonischemic hindlimb blood flow ratio was persistently lower in @entity9 -1 KO @entity0 than in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . @entity8 and @entity7 were significantly smaller in @entity9 -1 KO @entity0 than in @entity2 @entity0 on postoperative day 14. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the number of macrophages infiltrating @entity1 tissues was significantly smaller in @entity9 -1 KO @entity0 than in @entity2 @entity0 . The number of infiltrated macrophages expressing @entity4 was also significantly smaller in @entity9 -1 KO @entity0 than in @entity2 @entity0 . Western blot analysis and ROS production assay revealed that @entity9 - KO @entity0 show significant decrease in @entity11 expression, ROS production and @entity5 expression, the phosphorylation of @entity6 and NF-kB p65 subunit as well as expression of redox-sensitive @entity10 ( @entity10 ) and @entity12 itself in @entity1 muscles, which is supposed to be required for macrophage infiltration expressing angiogenic factor @entity4 . Reduction of @entity4 expression successively suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt and eNOS, which accelerated angiogenesis, in the @entity1 leg of @entity9 -1 KO @entity0 . Our findings indicate that @entity12 plays an important role in @entity1 -induced angiogenesis by 1) @entity11 -ROS-NF-kB activation, 2) upregulated expression of adhesion molecules: @entity10 and @entity12 ) promoting macrophage infiltration, which expresses angiogenic factor @entity4 .

title: @entity12 Plays an Important Role in XXXX -Induced Angiogenesis of Limbs.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because the prognosis of advanced @entity6 is poor, and has improved very little in the last 20 years, a prospective study was initiated to evaluate the feasibility, response and @entity2 of concomitant chemoradiotherapy for such cervical @entity1 . METHODS: From May 1992 to December 1992, 22 @entity0 entered the study, 21 of them completed the entire treatment. Their ages ranged from 47 to 72 years, median 57. There were 16 FIGO stage IIIB, and 5 stage IIB. Radiotherapy was administered using 1.8 Gy/day, five days a week, to the whole pelvis (50.4 Gy/28 fractions) with or without parametrial boost according to the @entity1 response. Intracavitary brachytherapy 5 Gy x five to six times was given after one or two weeks of rest. Chemotherapy consisted of @entity7 100 mg/m2 day 1 + @entity4 50 mg/m2 day 1 + @entity5 25 mg/m2/day day 2-3, repeated every two weeks during external irradiation. RESULTS: All 21 eligible @entity0 achieved complete response, sustaining during a median follow-up time of 12 months. All the initially elevated @entity1 markers (SCC, @entity3 , CA-125) returned to normal range after treatment. The @entity2 was well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: Concomitant chemoradiotherapy for advanced @entity6 is both feasible and effective, with acceptable @entity2 . Long-term follow-up is mandatory, and a randomized trial to confirm the superiority of this protocol will be started soon.

title: Concomitant chemoradiotherapy for advanced epidermoid XXXX : a preliminary report.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: This retrospective study evaluated the length of cerebellar retraction and the changes of intraoperative brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) during microvascular decompression (MVD), and assessed the predictive value of the @entity1 as a prognostic indicator for the treatment outcome of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: This series included 1,518 consecutive @entity0 affected with @entity2 who underwent MVD, during which BAEP was monitored. @entity0 were divided into two groups based on whether @entity1 occurred following decompression or not. Each @entity0 underwent a similar procedure performed by one neurosurgeon. The two @entity0 groups were matched with regard to sex, age, and degree of @entity3 . RESULTS: Among the 1,518 @entity0 , 106 (6.98  %) displayed functional hearing changes. @entity1 was permanent in 12 @entity0 (0.79  %). Of the 1,412 @entity0 with stationary hearing compared with preoperative audiometry, 96 @entity0 were selected who were individually matched with respect to sex, age, and degree of @entity3 . BAEP changed immediately after cerebellar retraction in 7 of 12 @entity1 @entity0 , suggesting the importance of retraction on hearing outcomes. The distance from the cerebellar surface of the petrous temporal bone to the neurovascular compression point was measured. The median distance of cerebellar retraction in the @entity1 group was 13.77  mm, which was longer than the median distance in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative measurement of the cerebellar retraction distance can be a valuable clue to predict and prevent postoperative @entity1 in MVD for @entity2 .

title: Cerebellar retraction and XXXX after microvascular decompression for @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This retrospective study evaluated the length of cerebellar retraction and the changes of intraoperative brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) during microvascular decompression (MVD), and assessed the predictive value of the @entity1 as a prognostic indicator for the treatment outcome of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: This series included 1,518 consecutive @entity0 affected with @entity2 who underwent MVD, during which BAEP was monitored. @entity0 were divided into two groups based on whether @entity1 occurred following decompression or not. Each @entity0 underwent a similar procedure performed by one neurosurgeon. The two @entity0 groups were matched with regard to sex, age, and degree of @entity3 . RESULTS: Among the 1,518 @entity0 , 106 (6.98  %) displayed functional hearing changes. @entity1 was permanent in 12 @entity0 (0.79  %). Of the 1,412 @entity0 with stationary hearing compared with preoperative audiometry, 96 @entity0 were selected who were individually matched with respect to sex, age, and degree of @entity3 . BAEP changed immediately after cerebellar retraction in 7 of 12 @entity1 @entity0 , suggesting the importance of retraction on hearing outcomes. The distance from the cerebellar surface of the petrous temporal bone to the neurovascular compression point was measured. The median distance of cerebellar retraction in the @entity1 group was 13.77  mm, which was longer than the median distance in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative measurement of the cerebellar retraction distance can be a valuable clue to predict and prevent postoperative @entity1 in MVD for @entity2 .

title: Cerebellar retraction and @entity1 after microvascular decompression for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Care management has become a widespread strategy for improving @entity2 care. However, primary care provider (PCP) participation in programs has been poor. Because the success of care management relies on provider engagement, understanding provider perspectives is necessary. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to identify care management functions most valuable to PCPs in @entity1 treatment. DESIGN: Six focus groups were conducted to discuss current challenges in @entity1 care and identify specific functions of care management that would improve care. @entity0 : The study included 39 PCPs (participation rate: 83 %) representing six clinics, two of which care for large African American populations and four that are in underserved locations, in the greater Baltimore metropolitan area. APPROACH: This was a qualitative analysis of focus groups, using grounded theory and iterative coding. KEY RESULTS: Providers desired achieving blood pressure control more rapidly. Collaborating with care managers who obtain ongoing @entity0 data would allow treatment plans to be tailored to the changing life conditions of @entity0 . The P.A.R.T.N.E.R. framework summarizes the care management functions that providers reported were necessary for effective collaboration: Partner with @entity0 , providers, and the community; Arrange follow-up care; Resolve barriers to adherence; Track treatment response and progress; Navigate the health care system with @entity0 ; Educate @entity0 _ Engage @entity0 in self-management; Relay information between @entity0 and/or provider(s). CONCLUSIONS: The P.A.R.T.N.E.R. framework is the first to offer a checklist of care management functions that may promote successful collaboration with PCPs. Future research should examine the validity of this framework in various settings and for diverse @entity0 populations affected by @entity2 .

title: Provider perspectives on essential functions for care management in the collaborative treatment of XXXX : the P.A.R.T.N.E.R. framework.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This retrospective study evaluated the feasibility and related outcome of @entity3 banding (I-PAB). METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 underwent I-PAB between July 2006 and April 2014. The median age and weight were 60 days (range: 5 days to 4.2 years) and 3.7 kg (range: 2.6-13.0 kg), respectively. Cardiac diagnoses included single ventricle morphology (n = 11), complex @entity5 (n = 11), balanced @entity4 (n = 3), @entity6 (n = 2) and @entity7 with @entity5 (n = 5). On cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), 2 I-PAB modifications with either 1 (n = 24) or 2 ('hour-glass-technique', n = 8) fenestrated pericardial patches were performed. RESULTS: The median fenestration size was 5 mm (range: 4-6.5 mm). In 18 @entity0 I-PAB was a solitary procedure; in 3 of them the decision was made intraoperatively. There was no hospital mortality. The median interval to debanding was 189 days (range: 112 days to 2.6 years). During this period, we observed a significant increase in the pressure gradient over I-PAB (P < 0.01), whereas arterial saturations remained stable. Four @entity0 received balloon dilatation of I-PAB to prolong the palliation period. No @entity0 experienced band occlusion, @entity1 related to I-PAB, @entity2 . Debanding was performed in 27 @entity0 and one of them required pulmonary patch arterioplasty due to I-PAB-associated @entity3 . Three @entity0 are still awaiting further surgery. There were 2 late deaths prior to, and 3 after debanding, all not related to I-PAB. CONCLUSIONS: I-PAB with an exactly defined internal orifice is feasible and effective. Although arterial saturations seem to remain stable, balloon dilatation of I-PAB can be performed safely and efficiently in order to prolong the palliation period. The rate of I-PAB-related complications is low, which might improve the long-term @entity0 outcome. Therefore, despite requiring CPB, I-PAB is our institutional preference for @entity0 who require pulmonary artery banding.

title: Feasibility and related outcome of XXXX banding.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) are known to increase the risk of cardiovascular (CV) and renal incidences,  especially  at higher doses and upon long term use. However, the available reports are criticized for lack of specificity, grouping of vastly different outcomes together and ignoring the heterogeneity among @entity0 . In this systematic review, we are reporting CV/renal risks associated with @entity6 , stratified into myocardial, vascular, renal risk categories, to address the differential nature of @entity0 effects on different body systems. We are also reporting composite CV/renal risk to present overall risk associated with various covariates. METHODS: We searched  the online healthcare databases for observational studies or randomized controlled trials, reporting myocardial or all-cause mortality outcome (>90  days exposure) and/or vascular/renal outcomes (any exposure) after @entity6 use, published until April 2014. The combined odd ratio values (OR'; 95  % CI) were calculated using the random effect inverse variance model. RESULTS: We found 19 eligible studies  out of 2,422  reports. @entity6 demonstrated a low increase in composite risk (OR' 1.14; CI 1.04-1.25) which was mainly vascular in nature (OR' 1.35; CI 1.18-1.55] as it did not elevate myocardial (OR' 1.13; CI 0.98-1.32) or renal (OR', 0.99; CI 0.72-1.35) risks. Relative to @entity6 , other @entity0 increased the composite risk, in a dose-dependent fashion, in the following order: @entity8  >  @entity3  >  @entity4  >  @entity7  >  @entity2  >  @entity5 . OR' was also influenced by type of disease and the comparator used, and @entity1 . CONCLUSION: @entity0 are heterogeneous in increasing CV/renal risks. The low increased risk associated with @entity6 is mainly vascular in origin.

title: The effect of COX-2-selective XXXX on the myocardial, vascular and renal risks: a systematic review.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Patterns of @entity6 in developing nations are changing as frequencies of non-communicable diseases continue to increase. Appraisal of the current status of the disease profile is of utmost importance for health planning and resource allocation. METHODS: A prospective analysis of 895 cases of outpatient consultation during the years 2005-2010 was conducted. RESULTS: The mean      standard deviation age of @entity0 was 31.1      19.1  years. Non- @entity15 accounted for 80.9% of all cases. @entity9 / @entity11 (27.0%), @entity4 /erythemas (11.0%), @entity7 (9.5%), @entity6 (8.9%), @entity13 (8.2%), @entity2 (8.2%), @entity10 (6.8%), and @entity1 and @entity6 (5.4%) represented the most common presentations. @entity8 was the most common type of eczema (29.8%) among @entity0 (odds ratio [OR] 1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-2.13; P  =  0.013), in whom @entity3 (OR 3.90, 95% CI 1.73-8.92; P  <  0.001) and @entity10 (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.09-3.25; P  =  0.021) were also frequent. Adults were more likely to be diagnosed with @entity5 (OR 3.58, 95% CI 1.09-11.80; P  =  0.003), @entity1 / @entity1 (OR 4.97, 95% CI 1.53-16.10; P  =  0.030), or @entity12 (OR 8.13, 95% CI 1.09-60.20; P  =  0.015). Female subjects were significantly affected by @entity4 ( @entity14 , 95% CI 1.00-2.33; P  =  0.030) and @entity13 (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.09-3.03; P  =  0.019). CONCLUSIONS: The present pattern shows that @entity15 are predominant. Occurrences of @entity9 and @entity4 are increasing at similar rates, whereas @entity15 are decreasing in frequency. Resources and research should be directed towards the prevention of @entity15 at this time as the campaign for a cleaner environment continues.

title: Spectrum of XXXX presented at LAUTECH Teaching Hospital, Osogbo, southwest Nigeria.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Staging in @entity3 , as in any other @entity2 has significant ramifications in management. Currently, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) determination and the bone scan are two important procedures in the pretreatment staging workup of @entity3 . @entity4 is a very useful serum tumor marker in the management of @entity3 @entity0 . We retrospectively evaluated 90 @entity0 at the time of initial diagnosis of @entity3 , all of whom had initial @entity4 levels measured, as well as bone scans obtained. In addition to the @entity4 level, we considered clinical stage and pathologic grade in the prediction of bone scan for @entity1 , at the time of initial diagnosis of @entity3 . Negative predictive value for @entity4 values < 10 ng/ml (27 @entity0 ), clinical stage A (9 @entity0 ) and pathologic grade 1 (19 @entity0 ) was 100%. The number of @entity0 with bone scan evidence of @entity1 with < 10 ng/ml and > 10 ng/ml @entity4 levels were 0% (0/27 @entity0 ) and 27% (17/63 @entity0 ) (p = .0022 [Fisher's Exact test]; p = .003 [chi-square test]). In @entity0 with higher stage (p = .688), grade (p = .039), or @entity4 levels (p = .0001), the incidence of bone @entity1 increased. However, none of these three parameters can predict reliably bone scan evidence of @entity1 (i.e., positive predictive value). The negative predictive values did not improve when a combination of the two or three of the above parameters were used.

title: Can XXXX levels predict bone scan evidence of @entity1 in newly diagnosed @entity3 ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: Staging in @entity3 , as in any other @entity2 has significant ramifications in management. Currently, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) determination and the bone scan are two important procedures in the pretreatment staging workup of @entity3 . @entity4 is a very useful serum tumor marker in the management of @entity3 @entity0 . We retrospectively evaluated 90 @entity0 at the time of initial diagnosis of @entity3 , all of whom had initial @entity4 levels measured, as well as bone scans obtained. In addition to the @entity4 level, we considered clinical stage and pathologic grade in the prediction of bone scan for @entity1 , at the time of initial diagnosis of @entity3 . Negative predictive value for @entity4 values < 10 ng/ml (27 @entity0 ), clinical stage A (9 @entity0 ) and pathologic grade 1 (19 @entity0 ) was 100%. The number of @entity0 with bone scan evidence of @entity1 with < 10 ng/ml and > 10 ng/ml @entity4 levels were 0% (0/27 @entity0 ) and 27% (17/63 @entity0 ) (p = .0022 [Fisher's Exact test]; p = .003 [chi-square test]). In @entity0 with higher stage (p = .688), grade (p = .039), or @entity4 levels (p = .0001), the incidence of bone @entity1 increased. However, none of these three parameters can predict reliably bone scan evidence of @entity1 (i.e., positive predictive value). The negative predictive values did not improve when a combination of the two or three of the above parameters were used.

title: Can @entity4 levels predict bone scan evidence of @entity1 in newly diagnosed XXXX ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: Staging in @entity3 , as in any other @entity2 has significant ramifications in management. Currently, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) determination and the bone scan are two important procedures in the pretreatment staging workup of @entity3 . @entity4 is a very useful serum tumor marker in the management of @entity3 @entity0 . We retrospectively evaluated 90 @entity0 at the time of initial diagnosis of @entity3 , all of whom had initial @entity4 levels measured, as well as bone scans obtained. In addition to the @entity4 level, we considered clinical stage and pathologic grade in the prediction of bone scan for @entity1 , at the time of initial diagnosis of @entity3 . Negative predictive value for @entity4 values < 10 ng/ml (27 @entity0 ), clinical stage A (9 @entity0 ) and pathologic grade 1 (19 @entity0 ) was 100%. The number of @entity0 with bone scan evidence of @entity1 with < 10 ng/ml and > 10 ng/ml @entity4 levels were 0% (0/27 @entity0 ) and 27% (17/63 @entity0 ) (p = .0022 [Fisher's Exact test]; p = .003 [chi-square test]). In @entity0 with higher stage (p = .688), grade (p = .039), or @entity4 levels (p = .0001), the incidence of bone @entity1 increased. However, none of these three parameters can predict reliably bone scan evidence of @entity1 (i.e., positive predictive value). The negative predictive values did not improve when a combination of the two or three of the above parameters were used.

title: Can @entity4 levels predict bone scan evidence of XXXX in newly diagnosed @entity3 ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Gonadotroph pituitary @entity2 (GPAs) often present as invasive macroadenomas not amenable to complete surgical resection. Radiotherapy is the only post-operative option for @entity0 with large invasive or recurrent lesions. No medical treatment is available for these @entity0 . The somatostatin analogs (SSAs) octreotide and lanreotide that preferentially target @entity3 ( @entity3 ) have little effect on GPAs. It is widely accepted that the expression of specific SSTR subtypes determines the response to SSAs. Given that previous studies on mRNA and protein expression of SSTRs in GPAs have generated conflicting results, we investigated the expression of @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity4 (the main targets of available SSAs) in a clinically and pathologically well-characterized cohort of 108 @entity0 with GPAs. A total of 118 samples were examined by immunohistochemistry using validated and specific MABs. Matched primary and recurrent tissues were available for ten @entity0 . The results obtained were validated in an independent cohort of 27 GPAs. We observed that @entity5 was significantly more abundant than @entity3 (P<0.0001) in GPAs, while full-length @entity4 was only expressed in few @entity1 . Expression of @entity5 was similar in primary and recurrent @entity2 , was high in potentially aggressive lesions, and did not change significantly in @entity2 that recurred after irradiation. In conclusion, low levels of expression of @entity3 may account for the limited response of GPAs to octreotide and lanreotide. Given the potent anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic activities of @entity5 , targeting this receptor with a multireceptor ligand SSA such as pasireotide may be indicated for potentially aggressive GPAs.

title: @entity5 is a putative target for the medical treatment of gonadotroph XXXX of the pituitary.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Gonadotroph pituitary @entity2 (GPAs) often present as invasive macroadenomas not amenable to complete surgical resection. Radiotherapy is the only post-operative option for @entity0 with large invasive or recurrent lesions. No medical treatment is available for these @entity0 . The somatostatin analogs (SSAs) octreotide and lanreotide that preferentially target @entity3 ( @entity3 ) have little effect on GPAs. It is widely accepted that the expression of specific SSTR subtypes determines the response to SSAs. Given that previous studies on mRNA and protein expression of SSTRs in GPAs have generated conflicting results, we investigated the expression of @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity4 (the main targets of available SSAs) in a clinically and pathologically well-characterized cohort of 108 @entity0 with GPAs. A total of 118 samples were examined by immunohistochemistry using validated and specific MABs. Matched primary and recurrent tissues were available for ten @entity0 . The results obtained were validated in an independent cohort of 27 GPAs. We observed that @entity5 was significantly more abundant than @entity3 (P<0.0001) in GPAs, while full-length @entity4 was only expressed in few @entity1 . Expression of @entity5 was similar in primary and recurrent @entity2 , was high in potentially aggressive lesions, and did not change significantly in @entity2 that recurred after irradiation. In conclusion, low levels of expression of @entity3 may account for the limited response of GPAs to octreotide and lanreotide. Given the potent anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic, and anti-angiogenic activities of @entity5 , targeting this receptor with a multireceptor ligand SSA such as pasireotide may be indicated for potentially aggressive GPAs.

title: XXXX is a putative target for the medical treatment of gonadotroph @entity2 of the pituitary.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The aim of this study is to present our preliminary experience in treating BPH-related urine retention, resistant to other medical treatment, with transurethral brachytherapy. We also deal with dosimetric analysis so as to eliminate ethical concerns about the exposure of @entity0 not suffering from @entity1 to a certain level of body irradiation. @entity0 suffering from BPH-related @entity5 were treated with two transurethral applications (three weeks apart) of Cs137 MDR, which delivered a total of 16 Gy, at 0.5 cm from the urethral walls (dose rate 5-7 Gy/h). The application was done under ultrasonographic observation. Dosimetric calculation of the radiation exposure of the @entity0 body during transurethral radiotherapy (TURT) was performed for @entity0 suffering from @entity4 and treated with external beam radiotherapy and a boost dose through transurethral brachytherapy. For this purpose we used TLDs on skin surface and dosimetric analysis of X-ray films. Five @entity0 treated for @entity5 presented no sign of acute @entity3 . All of them were weaned of their indwelling catheter immediately after the end of the first application. Obstruction did not recur within 12-18 months of follow-up. The dose delivered outside the prostate ranges from 1-7 cG, depending upon location. Proximal rectal and bladder walls received 1-2 Gy, a dose that is far from inducing acute or late @entity3 . The estimated risk for @entity2 is negligible, and the expected benefit for the quality of life transcends the risks. No ethical concern is justified for testing transurethral radiotherapy for BPH-related @entity5 . TURT seems to be effective and provides durable results. Further investigation is required.

title: Transurethral radiotherapy for benign prostatic hypertrophy-related XXXX . Dosimetry, ethics, and preliminary results.

answer: @entity5


abstract: One of the main features of systemic and localized forms of @entity8 is @entity7 , the mechanism of which is not yet understood. Recently, we have shown undetectable or decreased expression of complement regulatory molecules, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity9 ( @entity9 ), in cutaneous endothelium of @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In some @entity0 , @entity5 expression in endothelium was also altered. As these molecules protect endothelial cells from damage by autologous complement, their decreased expression could be part of the mechanism of @entity7 in @entity3 . In the present study, we investigated the expression of @entity4 , @entity9 and @entity5 in the endothelium of lesional and non-lesional skin of @entity0 with localized morphoea. Normal skin and lesional skin from @entity0 with @entity6 , and three @entity1 , were included as relevant controls. The results showed that the extent of expression of the three molecules in non-lesional skin of @entity0 with morphoea, on all the skin cells and structures, was identical to that of normal skin. In lesional skin, however, the expression of @entity4 and @entity9 in endothelium was either undetectable or only present to a very slight degree. @entity5 expression in endothelium in lesional skin was normal. No such aberrant expression was observed in the lesions of any of the control diseases. These results indicate a decreased ability of endothelial cells in lesional areas to protect themselves from autologous complement, and this could contribute to @entity7 in @entity2 .

title: XXXX are associated with aberrant expression of @entity4 and decay accelerating factor in vascular endothelium.

answer: @entity2


abstract: One of the main features of systemic and localized forms of @entity8 is @entity7 , the mechanism of which is not yet understood. Recently, we have shown undetectable or decreased expression of complement regulatory molecules, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity9 ( @entity9 ), in cutaneous endothelium of @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In some @entity0 , @entity5 expression in endothelium was also altered. As these molecules protect endothelial cells from damage by autologous complement, their decreased expression could be part of the mechanism of @entity7 in @entity3 . In the present study, we investigated the expression of @entity4 , @entity9 and @entity5 in the endothelium of lesional and non-lesional skin of @entity0 with localized morphoea. Normal skin and lesional skin from @entity0 with @entity6 , and three @entity1 , were included as relevant controls. The results showed that the extent of expression of the three molecules in non-lesional skin of @entity0 with morphoea, on all the skin cells and structures, was identical to that of normal skin. In lesional skin, however, the expression of @entity4 and @entity9 in endothelium was either undetectable or only present to a very slight degree. @entity5 expression in endothelium in lesional skin was normal. No such aberrant expression was observed in the lesions of any of the control diseases. These results indicate a decreased ability of endothelial cells in lesional areas to protect themselves from autologous complement, and this could contribute to @entity7 in @entity2 .

title: @entity2 are associated with aberrant expression of XXXX and decay accelerating factor in vascular endothelium.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the first reported successful use of adjunctive linezolid bladder irrigation. CASE SUMMARY: An 89-year-old @entity0 with 10% TBSA burns developed @entity2 . She acquired a @entity1 caused by @entity4 -resistant @entity6 (VREfm). Based on clinical status, a linezolid bladder irrigation was initiated in addition to high-dose intravenous linezolid and demonstrated microbiological cure with 7 days of treatment. DISCUSSION: Linezolid is primarily hepatically cleared and has no labeled indication for @entity1 . @entity3 adds an additional complication of potentially reduced urinary drug concentrations. Bladder irrigation offers the benefit of achieving high local drug concentrations, but there are no data regarding such a route for linezolid. This case report is the first demonstrating the use, stability, safety, and efficacy of @entity5 as a continuous bladder irrigation. CONCLUSIONS: Linezolid use as a bladder irrigation may be a feasible route of administration in anuric, critically ill @entity0 with VREfm and few antimicrobial options. Further studies are warranted.

title: Linezolid Bladder Irrigation as Adjunctive Treatment for a XXXX -Resistant @entity6 Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection: A Case Report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the first reported successful use of adjunctive linezolid bladder irrigation. CASE SUMMARY: An 89-year-old @entity0 with 10% TBSA burns developed @entity2 . She acquired a @entity1 caused by @entity4 -resistant @entity6 (VREfm). Based on clinical status, a linezolid bladder irrigation was initiated in addition to high-dose intravenous linezolid and demonstrated microbiological cure with 7 days of treatment. DISCUSSION: Linezolid is primarily hepatically cleared and has no labeled indication for @entity1 . @entity3 adds an additional complication of potentially reduced urinary drug concentrations. Bladder irrigation offers the benefit of achieving high local drug concentrations, but there are no data regarding such a route for linezolid. This case report is the first demonstrating the use, stability, safety, and efficacy of @entity5 as a continuous bladder irrigation. CONCLUSIONS: Linezolid use as a bladder irrigation may be a feasible route of administration in anuric, critically ill @entity0 with VREfm and few antimicrobial options. Further studies are warranted.

title: Linezolid Bladder Irrigation as Adjunctive Treatment for a @entity4 -Resistant XXXX Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection: A Case Report.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the presence and correlates of clinically relevant @entity2 in middle-aged adults with childhood-onset @entity5 ( @entity5 ). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: During 2010-2013, 97 adults diagnosed with @entity5 and aged <18 years (age and duration 49    7 and 41    6 years, respectively; 51% female) and 138 similarly aged adults without @entity5 (age 49    7 years; 55% female) completed extensive neuropsychological testing. Biomedical data on @entity0 with @entity5 were collected periodically from 1986-1988. @entity2 status was based on the number of test scores >= 1.5 SD worse than demographically appropriate published norms: none, mild (only one test), or clinically relevant (two or more tests). RESULTS: The prevalence of clinically relevant @entity2 was five times higher among @entity0 with than without @entity5 (28% vs. 5%; P < 0.0001), independent of education, age, or blood pressure. Effect sizes were large (Cohen d 0.6-0.9; P < 0.0001) for psychomotor speed and visuoconstruction tasks, and were modest (d 0.3-0.6; P < 0.05) for measures of executive function. Among @entity0 with @entity5 , prevalent @entity2 was related to 14-year average A1c >7.5%/58 mmol/mol (odds ratio [OR] 3.0; P = 0.009), @entity4 (OR 2.8; P = 0.01), and distal symmetric @entity3 (OR 2.6; P = 0.03) measured 5 years earlier; higher BMI (OR 1.1; P = 0.03); and ankle-brachial index >= 1.3 (OR 4.2; P = 0.01) measured 20 years earlier, independent of education. CONCLUSION: Clinically relevant @entity2 is highly prevalent among these middle-aged adults with childhood-onset @entity5 . In this aging cohort, chronic @entity6 and prevalent @entity1 were associated with @entity2 , relationships shown previously in younger populations with @entity5 . Two additional potentially modifiable risk factors for @entity5 -related @entity2 , vascular health and BMI, deserve further study.

title: Clinically Relevant XXXX in Middle-Aged Adults With Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Between 1957 and 1981, 49,904 @entity0 with @entity1 were registered at the Birmingham Cancer Registry. The annual incidence was 24.5 per 100,000 population for @entity2 and 18.4 per 100,000 for that of the rectum. The annual number of @entity0 increased by 41.9 per cent. The age-adjusted 5-year survival rate was 26.4 per cent for @entity2 and 28.2 per cent for @entity1 . Between 1977 and 1981 these rates increased significantly to 30.3 and 30.0 per cent respectively (P < 0.01). Stage for stage, @entity2 was associated with longer survival than that of the rectum. Curative and palliative resection rates increased, especially for anterior resection. The operative mortality rate remained constant at 8 per cent. Despite increases in palliative resection rates 50 per cent of these @entity0 required a stoma. Treatment was not undertaken in 37.4 per cent of @entity0 . The end results of treatment are little better than those reported previously from this registry.

title: XXXX in the West Midlands, 1957-1981.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is an intriguing method of delivery wherein the cytotoxic agent is continuously heated and circulated throughout the peritoneum in an attempt to bolster drug efficacy. Despite HIPEC's potential, ascertaining the optimal dose without compromising @entity0 tolerability remains indeterminate. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 52 @entity1 @entity0 who were treated with consolidation HIPEC with @entity9 at varying doses (e.g., AUC 6, 8 or 10) subsequent to optimal debulking surgery and the attainment of a clinical complete response to their primary chemotherapy regimen. The following @entity0 and operative characteristics were abstracted: demographics, surgery and pathology data, chemotherapy regimen, intraoperative results, @entity2 , @entity4 , length of hospital stay and survival data. RESULTS: Twelve @entity0 received HIPEC @entity9 at an AUC 6, 15 subjects were treated with @entity9 at an AUC 8 and 25 underwent @entity9 at an AUC 10. There were no intraoperative complications during the administration of HIPEC; mean estimated @entity3 was 50  mL and length of hospital stay was 1.65  days. In the overall study population, 5 @entity0 developed grade 3/4 @entity6 and 33 subjects exhibited grade  <=2 @entity7 and @entity8 . Thirteen @entity0 also developed grade  <=2 @entity5 on postoperative day 1, which was successfully addressed with anti-emetic therapy; there were no hospital readmissions. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the current evaluation suggest that consolidation hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with @entity9 is both feasible and reasonably tolerated, even at an AUC of 10. However, additional, randomized study of this procedure incorporating chemotherapy dose escalation with a more extensive @entity0 population is warranted.

title: The feasibility of administering varying high-dose consolidation hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with XXXX in the treatment of @entity1 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is an intriguing method of delivery wherein the cytotoxic agent is continuously heated and circulated throughout the peritoneum in an attempt to bolster drug efficacy. Despite HIPEC's potential, ascertaining the optimal dose without compromising @entity0 tolerability remains indeterminate. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 52 @entity1 @entity0 who were treated with consolidation HIPEC with @entity9 at varying doses (e.g., AUC 6, 8 or 10) subsequent to optimal debulking surgery and the attainment of a clinical complete response to their primary chemotherapy regimen. The following @entity0 and operative characteristics were abstracted: demographics, surgery and pathology data, chemotherapy regimen, intraoperative results, @entity2 , @entity4 , length of hospital stay and survival data. RESULTS: Twelve @entity0 received HIPEC @entity9 at an AUC 6, 15 subjects were treated with @entity9 at an AUC 8 and 25 underwent @entity9 at an AUC 10. There were no intraoperative complications during the administration of HIPEC; mean estimated @entity3 was 50  mL and length of hospital stay was 1.65  days. In the overall study population, 5 @entity0 developed grade 3/4 @entity6 and 33 subjects exhibited grade  <=2 @entity7 and @entity8 . Thirteen @entity0 also developed grade  <=2 @entity5 on postoperative day 1, which was successfully addressed with anti-emetic therapy; there were no hospital readmissions. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the current evaluation suggest that consolidation hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with @entity9 is both feasible and reasonably tolerated, even at an AUC of 10. However, additional, randomized study of this procedure incorporating chemotherapy dose escalation with a more extensive @entity0 population is warranted.

title: The feasibility of administering varying high-dose consolidation hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy with @entity9 in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We recently demonstrated that reactive astrocytes express @entity5 diaphorase activity, a marker for @entity4 Synthase, following transient global @entity2 (Neuroscience Letters 154: 125-128). There has been little evidence that astrocytes express @entity4 Synthase or produce NO ( @entity4 ) in vivo; although in vitro experiments have shown that cultured astrocytes can produce NO. To determine whether reactive astrocytes express inducible form of NOS ( @entity7 ) in vivo, we studied the pathological changes of @entity0 hippocampus by immunohistochemistry after 10 minutes of transient global @entity2 , which results in the selective delayed death of @entity6 pyramidal cells and marked @entity9 in the @entity6 subfield. In the normal hippocampus, astrocytes express neither @entity5 diaphorase activity nor @entity7 . After @entity2 , the temporal and spatial pattern of @entity7 , @entity5 diaphorase, and @entity1 are very similar, indicating that reactive astrocytes express @entity7 . Double staining for @entity5 diaphorase and @entity1 , or @entity7 and @entity1 confirmed that reactive astrocytes express both @entity5 diaphorase activity and @entity7 immunoreactivity. These changes were observed three day after @entity2 and increased in prominence from one week to one month. The staining pattern of OX42, an antibody that recognizes both microglia and macrophages, is spatially and temporally distinct from the pattern of @entity5 diaphorase and @entity7 staining. Thus, we conclude that transient global @entity2 induces @entity7 primarily in reactive astrocytes. This increase in NOS expression and, presumably, NO production by reactive astrocytes may play a role in the process of delayed @entity3 or in the remodeling responses that occur after @entity8 .

title: Expression of the inducible form of @entity4 synthase by reactive astrocytes after transient global XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We recently demonstrated that reactive astrocytes express @entity5 diaphorase activity, a marker for @entity4 Synthase, following transient global @entity2 (Neuroscience Letters 154: 125-128). There has been little evidence that astrocytes express @entity4 Synthase or produce NO ( @entity4 ) in vivo; although in vitro experiments have shown that cultured astrocytes can produce NO. To determine whether reactive astrocytes express inducible form of NOS ( @entity7 ) in vivo, we studied the pathological changes of @entity0 hippocampus by immunohistochemistry after 10 minutes of transient global @entity2 , which results in the selective delayed death of @entity6 pyramidal cells and marked @entity9 in the @entity6 subfield. In the normal hippocampus, astrocytes express neither @entity5 diaphorase activity nor @entity7 . After @entity2 , the temporal and spatial pattern of @entity7 , @entity5 diaphorase, and @entity1 are very similar, indicating that reactive astrocytes express @entity7 . Double staining for @entity5 diaphorase and @entity1 , or @entity7 and @entity1 confirmed that reactive astrocytes express both @entity5 diaphorase activity and @entity7 immunoreactivity. These changes were observed three day after @entity2 and increased in prominence from one week to one month. The staining pattern of OX42, an antibody that recognizes both microglia and macrophages, is spatially and temporally distinct from the pattern of @entity5 diaphorase and @entity7 staining. Thus, we conclude that transient global @entity2 induces @entity7 primarily in reactive astrocytes. This increase in NOS expression and, presumably, NO production by reactive astrocytes may play a role in the process of delayed @entity3 or in the remodeling responses that occur after @entity8 .

title: Expression of the inducible form of XXXX synthase by reactive astrocytes after transient global @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: As first reported by our group in 1975, severe @entity6 due to @entity7 could be improved in @entity0 receiving beta-blocker therapy starting at a very low dose and followed by a stepwise increase. Since then, these results have been confirmed by our own group and by others, and similar results were also obtained in @entity0 with other forms of @entity2 , including @entity2 . In 13 separate studies involving a total of 651 @entity0 with @entity7 , beta-blockade for 2 to 19 months (in addition to conventional treatment of @entity6 , including @entity8 inhibitor therapy), significantly improved cardiac function. These studies were performed using @entity10 , @entity13 , @entity12 and @entity11 . Eight studies investigated the effects of long term beta-blocker treatment in @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity2 due to @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity1 and @entity5 therapy. A total of 128 @entity0 were treated with @entity10 , @entity9 or @entity13 for periods of 2 to 12 months. All studies reported a significant improvement in cardiac function. Three studies reported results on survival and the need for cardiac transplantation. The first study published by our group reported improved survival in @entity0 with @entity7 treated with @entity10 plus digitalis and diuretics compared with a matched control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The role of beta-blockers in the treatment of XXXX and @entity6 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: As first reported by our group in 1975, severe @entity6 due to @entity7 could be improved in @entity0 receiving beta-blocker therapy starting at a very low dose and followed by a stepwise increase. Since then, these results have been confirmed by our own group and by others, and similar results were also obtained in @entity0 with other forms of @entity2 , including @entity2 . In 13 separate studies involving a total of 651 @entity0 with @entity7 , beta-blockade for 2 to 19 months (in addition to conventional treatment of @entity6 , including @entity8 inhibitor therapy), significantly improved cardiac function. These studies were performed using @entity10 , @entity13 , @entity12 and @entity11 . Eight studies investigated the effects of long term beta-blocker treatment in @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity2 due to @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity1 and @entity5 therapy. A total of 128 @entity0 were treated with @entity10 , @entity9 or @entity13 for periods of 2 to 12 months. All studies reported a significant improvement in cardiac function. Three studies reported results on survival and the need for cardiac transplantation. The first study published by our group reported improved survival in @entity0 with @entity7 treated with @entity10 plus digitalis and diuretics compared with a matched control group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The role of beta-blockers in the treatment of @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) assessment is basic to @entity1 management. Little is done to describe the whole spectrum of the trajectory, its related temporal patterns of metabolic indices, and comorbidities. METHODS AND RESULTS: This was a longitudinal study. In the @entity1 Management through Integrated Delivery System project in Taiwan, enrollees had @entity1 , but no major comorbidities. They were randomized into intensive or conventional education (health, diet and exercise) groups. HbA1c was classified by a groupbased trajectory model on the basis of repeated six-monthly measurements. We analyzed data from 1091 subjects who had at least two measurements on HbA1c. HbA1c exhibited three distinct ranges of low (42-53 mmol/mol), intermediate (64-75 mmol/mol) and high (97 mmol/mol), all of which persisted for 4.5 years regardless of receiving intensive education or not. Temporal changes and a time-group interaction were found for @entity8 , total @entity5 , HDL-C and LDL-C. The high trajectory was associated with the major co-morbidities of @entity6 , @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity11 , and @entity7 . @entity0 in the intensive education group (62.4%), which were equally distributed in the three trajectories, had significantly lower @entity10 cs (-0.14%= -1.5 mmol/mol, p=0.026). The intermediate trajectory @entity0 with intensive education had @entity10 cs higher than the low trajectory @entity0 with conventional education (b=0.189, p=0.033). Though not significant, a similar pattern was found for @entity9 education in the high group (b=0.223, p=0.154). CONCLUSIONS: Novel strategies beyond current education and pharmacotherapeutic regimens are needed to lower HbA1c at least 11 mmol/mol for the high HbA1c group to minimize comorbidities.

title: Management trajectories in the type 2 XXXX Integrated Delivery System project in Taiwan: accounting for behavioral therapy, nutrition education and therapeutics.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9 ( @entity6 ) is an essential ion to the @entity0 body, playing an instrumental role in supporting and sustaining health and life. As the second most abundant intracellular cation after @entity5 , it is involved in over 600 enzymatic reactions including energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Although @entity6 availability has been proven to be disturbed during several clinical situations, serum @entity6 values are not generally determined in @entity0 . This review aims to provide an overview of the function of @entity6 in @entity0 health and disease. In short, @entity6 plays an important physiological role particularly in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscles. Moreover, @entity6 supplementation has been shown to be beneficial in treatment of, among others, @entity8 , @entity10 , @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity3 . Over the last decade, several hereditary forms of @entity7 have been deciphered, including mutations in @entity13 ( @entity13 ), @entity11 , and @entity14 ( @entity14 ). Recently, mutations in @entity6 transporter 1 ( @entity12 ) were linked to @entity4 underlining the important role of @entity6 in cell viability. Moreover, @entity7 can be the consequence of the use of certain types of drugs, such as diuretics, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, calcineurin inhibitors, and proton pump inhibitors. This review provides an extensive and comprehensive overview of @entity6 research over the last few decades, focusing on the regulation of @entity6 homeostasis in the intestine, kidney, and bone and disturbances which may result in @entity7 .

title: XXXX in @entity0 : Implications for Health and Disease.

answer: @entity9


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity9 ( @entity6 ) is an essential ion to the @entity0 body, playing an instrumental role in supporting and sustaining health and life. As the second most abundant intracellular cation after @entity5 , it is involved in over 600 enzymatic reactions including energy metabolism and protein synthesis. Although @entity6 availability has been proven to be disturbed during several clinical situations, serum @entity6 values are not generally determined in @entity0 . This review aims to provide an overview of the function of @entity6 in @entity0 health and disease. In short, @entity6 plays an important physiological role particularly in the brain, heart, and skeletal muscles. Moreover, @entity6 supplementation has been shown to be beneficial in treatment of, among others, @entity8 , @entity10 , @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity3 . Over the last decade, several hereditary forms of @entity7 have been deciphered, including mutations in @entity13 ( @entity13 ), @entity11 , and @entity14 ( @entity14 ). Recently, mutations in @entity6 transporter 1 ( @entity12 ) were linked to @entity4 underlining the important role of @entity6 in cell viability. Moreover, @entity7 can be the consequence of the use of certain types of drugs, such as diuretics, epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors, calcineurin inhibitors, and proton pump inhibitors. This review provides an extensive and comprehensive overview of @entity6 research over the last few decades, focusing on the regulation of @entity6 homeostasis in the intestine, kidney, and bone and disturbances which may result in @entity7 .

title: @entity9 in XXXX : Implications for Health and Disease.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The integrin family of adhesion molecules on intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMNC) was studied using fluorescence-activated cell cytometry. These molecules are implicated in extravascular cell migration and are important regulators of disease. METHODS: Using fluorescence-activated cell cytometry, B- and T-cell subsets in the intestines of 10 normal @entity0 , 11 @entity0 with @entity2 , and 8 @entity0 with @entity3 were stained with monoclonal antibodies to a panel of integrins. RESULTS: Expression of alpha integrins on CD3+ T cells and @entity4 + B cells was different in normal and @entity1 LPMNC. @entity3 T cells expressed less @entity6 and significantly more alpha 2 and alpha 6. There was a difference in @entity5 expression between LPMNC B cells from @entity2 and normal intestines. Sixteen percent of @entity4 + LPMNC B cells from Crohn's and 19% of @entity3 LPMNC expressed alpha 2. @entity3 @entity4 + LPMNC B cells expressed more alpha 5 integrin than normal specimens. CD3+ T cells and @entity4 + B cells expressed alpha 6 only in @entity3 . @entity3 and @entity2 @entity4 + LPMNC expressed less @entity5 , consistent with their reciprocal increases of alpha 5 and alpha 2. A difference in beta 7 (Peyer's patch specific) antigen was observed between @entity1 and normal LPMNC for both CD3+ and @entity4 + LPMNC. CONCLUSIONS: These findings identify the differences of lymphocyte homing capability in @entity1 and normal intestine.

title: @entity2 , XXXX , and normal intestinal lymphocytes express integrins in dissimilar patterns.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The integrin family of adhesion molecules on intestinal lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMNC) was studied using fluorescence-activated cell cytometry. These molecules are implicated in extravascular cell migration and are important regulators of disease. METHODS: Using fluorescence-activated cell cytometry, B- and T-cell subsets in the intestines of 10 normal @entity0 , 11 @entity0 with @entity2 , and 8 @entity0 with @entity3 were stained with monoclonal antibodies to a panel of integrins. RESULTS: Expression of alpha integrins on CD3+ T cells and @entity4 + B cells was different in normal and @entity1 LPMNC. @entity3 T cells expressed less @entity6 and significantly more alpha 2 and alpha 6. There was a difference in @entity5 expression between LPMNC B cells from @entity2 and normal intestines. Sixteen percent of @entity4 + LPMNC B cells from Crohn's and 19% of @entity3 LPMNC expressed alpha 2. @entity3 @entity4 + LPMNC B cells expressed more alpha 5 integrin than normal specimens. CD3+ T cells and @entity4 + B cells expressed alpha 6 only in @entity3 . @entity3 and @entity2 @entity4 + LPMNC expressed less @entity5 , consistent with their reciprocal increases of alpha 5 and alpha 2. A difference in beta 7 (Peyer's patch specific) antigen was observed between @entity1 and normal LPMNC for both CD3+ and @entity4 + LPMNC. CONCLUSIONS: These findings identify the differences of lymphocyte homing capability in @entity1 and normal intestine.

title: XXXX , @entity3 , and normal intestinal lymphocytes express integrins in dissimilar patterns.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Serum @entity2 (PSA) levels following @entity1 are increasingly recognized as the most sensitive means to monitor disease status. However, beyond general agreement that @entity0 fare poorly when posttreatment PSA levels fail to normalize, many questions relative to postirradiation PSA remain unanswered. This study evaluates the potential prognostic value of postirradiation PSA in a large cohort of @entity0 followed with serial PSA determinations. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We analyzed disease outcome in 427 @entity0 with clinical stages T1 (122 @entity0 ), T2 (147 @entity0 ), T3 (152 @entity0 ), and T4 (six @entity0 ) @entity1 receiving definitive external radiation as sole therapy and followed for times ranging from 9-73 months (median 30 months) with a total of 2260 posttreatment PSA values. RESULTS: Excluding three @entity0 who died due to intercurrent illness without a posttreatment PSA, postirradiation PSA fell in 416 of 424 @entity0 (98%). @entity2 levels continued to fall for up to 12 months but there was no evidence of significant declines beyond that. The time to nadir PSA was: 3 months, 60 @entity0 ; 6 months, 68 @entity0 , 9 months 148 @entity0 ; 12 months, 144 @entity0 . Time to nadir was not a significant determinant of outcome. @entity2 levels at 3 and 6 months and the nadir level were individually highly correlated with outcome. In multivariate analyses of posttreatment values, only the nadir value was independently significant, with increasing relapse rates as its value was higher. It retained significance when pretreatment PSA level was included in the model. Nadir values ranged from undetectable (52 @entity0 ) to 20.3 ng/ml with a median of 1.1 ng/ml. Nadir values down to 1 ng/ml were prognostic; below 1 ng/ml (182 @entity0 ) the nadir value no longer yielded prognostic information additional to that inherent in the pretreatment value. Only @entity0 with nadir levels < 1 ng/ml fared well (5-year incidence of relapse or rising PSA 17%); however, if the pretreatment level exceeded 30 ng/ml, then even a nadir level < 1 ng/ml was associated with a 40% failure rate at 5 years. CONCLUSION: The nadir PSA value after radiation is a significant posttreatment determinant of outcome and was second only to the pretreatment value. Surprisingly low nadir values were prognostically significant. Only @entity0 whose nadir falls below 1 ng/ml can be said to have achieved a biochemical complete remission. However, even such low nadir values do not portend durable disease control for @entity0 with high pretreatment PSA levels.

title: Serum XXXX after radiation therapy for clinically localized @entity1 : prognostic implications.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Serum @entity2 (PSA) levels following @entity1 are increasingly recognized as the most sensitive means to monitor disease status. However, beyond general agreement that @entity0 fare poorly when posttreatment PSA levels fail to normalize, many questions relative to postirradiation PSA remain unanswered. This study evaluates the potential prognostic value of postirradiation PSA in a large cohort of @entity0 followed with serial PSA determinations. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We analyzed disease outcome in 427 @entity0 with clinical stages T1 (122 @entity0 ), T2 (147 @entity0 ), T3 (152 @entity0 ), and T4 (six @entity0 ) @entity1 receiving definitive external radiation as sole therapy and followed for times ranging from 9-73 months (median 30 months) with a total of 2260 posttreatment PSA values. RESULTS: Excluding three @entity0 who died due to intercurrent illness without a posttreatment PSA, postirradiation PSA fell in 416 of 424 @entity0 (98%). @entity2 levels continued to fall for up to 12 months but there was no evidence of significant declines beyond that. The time to nadir PSA was: 3 months, 60 @entity0 ; 6 months, 68 @entity0 , 9 months 148 @entity0 ; 12 months, 144 @entity0 . Time to nadir was not a significant determinant of outcome. @entity2 levels at 3 and 6 months and the nadir level were individually highly correlated with outcome. In multivariate analyses of posttreatment values, only the nadir value was independently significant, with increasing relapse rates as its value was higher. It retained significance when pretreatment PSA level was included in the model. Nadir values ranged from undetectable (52 @entity0 ) to 20.3 ng/ml with a median of 1.1 ng/ml. Nadir values down to 1 ng/ml were prognostic; below 1 ng/ml (182 @entity0 ) the nadir value no longer yielded prognostic information additional to that inherent in the pretreatment value. Only @entity0 with nadir levels < 1 ng/ml fared well (5-year incidence of relapse or rising PSA 17%); however, if the pretreatment level exceeded 30 ng/ml, then even a nadir level < 1 ng/ml was associated with a 40% failure rate at 5 years. CONCLUSION: The nadir PSA value after radiation is a significant posttreatment determinant of outcome and was second only to the pretreatment value. Surprisingly low nadir values were prognostically significant. Only @entity0 whose nadir falls below 1 ng/ml can be said to have achieved a biochemical complete remission. However, even such low nadir values do not portend durable disease control for @entity0 with high pretreatment PSA levels.

title: Serum @entity2 after radiation therapy for clinically localized XXXX : prognostic implications.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The prompt diagnosis and treatment of @entity5 is critical, but culture is insensitive (1, 3).-beta-D-glucan (BDG) is FDA-approved for serologic diagnosis of invasive @entity1 . However, BDG is not approved for @entity3 and the appropriate cutoff is unknown. We aim to validate the diagnostic accuracy of @entity3 BDG for @entity5 among @entity0 exposed to contaminated @entity4 (MPA). A retrospective observational study was conducted at St. Joseph Mercy Hospital and Vanderbilt University from November, 2013 - February, 2014. @entity0 were included if they received a contaminated MPA injection. Cases were classified as probable or proven @entity2 according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. @entity3 BDG testing was performed according to the package insert for serum and validated using Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute procedures (MiraVista Diagnostics). Of 233 @entity0 , 45 had @entity2 (28 proven), 53 had spinal/paraspinal infection (19 proven), and 135 did not develop disease. Using the manufacturer's cutoff (>=  80 pg/mL), the sensitivity and specificity were 96% and 95% for proven @entity2 ; and 84% and 95% for probable or proven @entity2 . The Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis identified the optimal cutoff for proven @entity2 to be 66 pg/mL (sensitivity 100%, specificity 94%); for probable or proven @entity2 to be 66 pg/mL (sensitivity 91%, specificity 92%). Our results suggest that @entity3 BDG is highly sensitive and specific for diagnosis of @entity5 associated with contaminated MPA injections. Further study is needed on the utility of @entity3 BDG for other types of @entity5 .

title: @entity3 (1,3)-Beta-D-Glucan for the Diagnosis of F XXXX Associated with Contaminated Methylprednisolone Injections.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The prompt diagnosis and treatment of @entity5 is critical, but culture is insensitive (1, 3).-beta-D-glucan (BDG) is FDA-approved for serologic diagnosis of invasive @entity1 . However, BDG is not approved for @entity3 and the appropriate cutoff is unknown. We aim to validate the diagnostic accuracy of @entity3 BDG for @entity5 among @entity0 exposed to contaminated @entity4 (MPA). A retrospective observational study was conducted at St. Joseph Mercy Hospital and Vanderbilt University from November, 2013 - February, 2014. @entity0 were included if they received a contaminated MPA injection. Cases were classified as probable or proven @entity2 according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. @entity3 BDG testing was performed according to the package insert for serum and validated using Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute procedures (MiraVista Diagnostics). Of 233 @entity0 , 45 had @entity2 (28 proven), 53 had spinal/paraspinal infection (19 proven), and 135 did not develop disease. Using the manufacturer's cutoff (>=  80 pg/mL), the sensitivity and specificity were 96% and 95% for proven @entity2 ; and 84% and 95% for probable or proven @entity2 . The Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis identified the optimal cutoff for proven @entity2 to be 66 pg/mL (sensitivity 100%, specificity 94%); for probable or proven @entity2 to be 66 pg/mL (sensitivity 91%, specificity 92%). Our results suggest that @entity3 BDG is highly sensitive and specific for diagnosis of @entity5 associated with contaminated MPA injections. Further study is needed on the utility of @entity3 BDG for other types of @entity5 .

title: XXXX (1,3)-Beta-D-Glucan for the Diagnosis of F @entity5 Associated with Contaminated Methylprednisolone Injections.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The vascular selectins P- and @entity5 are inducible adhesion proteins expressed by endothelial cells that have been shown to support shear-dependent rolling of myeloid cells. This interaction is thought to be a prerequisite event for subsequent steps, such as tight adhesion/aggregation and transendothelial cell migration, involved in the accumulation of leukocytes into tissues. Certain lymphocyte subsets have also been shown to bind the vascular selectins, but the importance of this interaction in mediating shear-dependent rolling, as described for myeloid cells, has not been demonstrated. We expand on our earlier observation that @entity1 gamma/delta T cells bind @entity5 by showing that this interaction leads to a reproducible rolling event in assays done under shear forces that approximate those that occur in vivo. @entity5 , expressed by L cell transfectants or cytokine-stimulated @entity0 and @entity1 endothelial cells, equally supports the shear-dependent rolling interaction. The lymphocyte adhesion proteins L-selectin, @entity7 , and @entity8 do not contribute to this event. @entity9 treatment of the gamma/delta T cells or addition of @entity3 to the assay completely blocks the rolling interaction. We further show for the first time that @entity6 expressed by @entity2 -activated platelets or a soluble @entity6 / @entity0 Ig chimera specifically binds gamma/delta T cells. The @entity6 interaction is similar to the rolling event mediated by @entity5 --it requires divalent cations and @entity4 on the lymphocyte, it lacks involvement of L-selectin and @entity7 , and rolling occurs under physiologic shear conditions. These results provide the documentation that the vascular selectins can support shear-dependent rolling of a lymphocyte subset and that @entity6 mediates the adhesion of gamma/delta T cells.

title: Cell surface P- and @entity5 support shear-dependent rolling of XXXX gamma/delta T cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The vascular selectins P- and @entity5 are inducible adhesion proteins expressed by endothelial cells that have been shown to support shear-dependent rolling of myeloid cells. This interaction is thought to be a prerequisite event for subsequent steps, such as tight adhesion/aggregation and transendothelial cell migration, involved in the accumulation of leukocytes into tissues. Certain lymphocyte subsets have also been shown to bind the vascular selectins, but the importance of this interaction in mediating shear-dependent rolling, as described for myeloid cells, has not been demonstrated. We expand on our earlier observation that @entity1 gamma/delta T cells bind @entity5 by showing that this interaction leads to a reproducible rolling event in assays done under shear forces that approximate those that occur in vivo. @entity5 , expressed by L cell transfectants or cytokine-stimulated @entity0 and @entity1 endothelial cells, equally supports the shear-dependent rolling interaction. The lymphocyte adhesion proteins L-selectin, @entity7 , and @entity8 do not contribute to this event. @entity9 treatment of the gamma/delta T cells or addition of @entity3 to the assay completely blocks the rolling interaction. We further show for the first time that @entity6 expressed by @entity2 -activated platelets or a soluble @entity6 / @entity0 Ig chimera specifically binds gamma/delta T cells. The @entity6 interaction is similar to the rolling event mediated by @entity5 --it requires divalent cations and @entity4 on the lymphocyte, it lacks involvement of L-selectin and @entity7 , and rolling occurs under physiologic shear conditions. These results provide the documentation that the vascular selectins can support shear-dependent rolling of a lymphocyte subset and that @entity6 mediates the adhesion of gamma/delta T cells.

title: Cell surface P- and XXXX support shear-dependent rolling of @entity1 gamma/delta T cells.

answer: @entity5


abstract: There are few reliable prognostic markers of biological @entity5 for @entity4 in general. For @entity6 , anatomic location, @entity1 size, histological grade, and extent of disease involvement are considered to be clinically important risk factors for recurrent disease. Molecular genetic alterations in @entity6 have not been characterized, and @entity1 cell proteins have not been shown to be prognostically significant. Here a cohort of @entity8 of the major (parotid and submandibular) salivary glands are analyzed for a molecular @entity3 , @entity7 gene amplification, and gene amplification and expression results are compared with long-term clinical follow-up information. Archival tissues resected from 58 @entity0 with @entity8 of salivary glands were evaluated for @entity7 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization and for gene expression by immunohistochemistry in a blinded fashion. Clinical follow-up information was compared with the results of these analyses to determine whether there were significant associations. Overexpression, identified as membrane immunostaining by immunohistochemistry, was observed in 22 of 58 (38%) @entity8 . Gene amplification, characterized by fluorescence in situ hybridization, was observed in 12 (21%) cases. Eleven of the 12 cases with gene amplification were also immunostained for @entity7 . Both gene amplification (P = 0.0001, P < 0.0001) and immunostaining (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001) were correlated with @entity2 and poorer overall @entity0 survival, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity7 immunostaining and amplification were markers of poor prognosis independent of histopathological grade, @entity1 size, and involvement of regional lymph nodes. @entity7 is amplified and/or overexpressed in approximately one-third of @entity8 of salivary glands. Amplification and/or overexpression appears to be an independent marker of poor prognosis in @entity8 of the salivary glands as it is in @entity6 of the breast, ovary, and endometrium.

title: Amplification and overexpression of XXXX in @entity6 of the salivary gland: correlation with poor prognosis.

answer: @entity7


abstract: There are few reliable prognostic markers of biological @entity5 for @entity4 in general. For @entity6 , anatomic location, @entity1 size, histological grade, and extent of disease involvement are considered to be clinically important risk factors for recurrent disease. Molecular genetic alterations in @entity6 have not been characterized, and @entity1 cell proteins have not been shown to be prognostically significant. Here a cohort of @entity8 of the major (parotid and submandibular) salivary glands are analyzed for a molecular @entity3 , @entity7 gene amplification, and gene amplification and expression results are compared with long-term clinical follow-up information. Archival tissues resected from 58 @entity0 with @entity8 of salivary glands were evaluated for @entity7 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization and for gene expression by immunohistochemistry in a blinded fashion. Clinical follow-up information was compared with the results of these analyses to determine whether there were significant associations. Overexpression, identified as membrane immunostaining by immunohistochemistry, was observed in 22 of 58 (38%) @entity8 . Gene amplification, characterized by fluorescence in situ hybridization, was observed in 12 (21%) cases. Eleven of the 12 cases with gene amplification were also immunostained for @entity7 . Both gene amplification (P = 0.0001, P < 0.0001) and immunostaining (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001) were correlated with @entity2 and poorer overall @entity0 survival, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity7 immunostaining and amplification were markers of poor prognosis independent of histopathological grade, @entity1 size, and involvement of regional lymph nodes. @entity7 is amplified and/or overexpressed in approximately one-third of @entity8 of salivary glands. Amplification and/or overexpression appears to be an independent marker of poor prognosis in @entity8 of the salivary glands as it is in @entity6 of the breast, ovary, and endometrium.

title: Amplification and overexpression of @entity7 in XXXX of the salivary gland: correlation with poor prognosis.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity0 intravenous immunoglobulin (hIVIG) modifies the course of numerous immune-mediated diseases, but its specific mode of action remains unknown. In order to delineate possible immunoregulatory mechanisms, we studied the effects of hIVIG on the in vitro proliferation of @entity0 T cells. Cells from normal donors were stimulated with anti-CD3 antibody, @entity1 toxoid antigen or the combination of a @entity5 / @entity3 (P/I) and incubated with increasing concentrations of hIVIG (1 mg/ml to 10 mg/ml) for three to seven days. Addition of hIVIG inhibited anti-CD3 and @entity1 but not P/I-induced proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of exogenous @entity2 to the cultures overcame the inhibitory effect of hIVIG; addition of @entity4 was ineffective. To further define the effect of hIVIG on specific cell populations, competent, purified T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 or @entity5 for three days in the presence of hIVIG. Addition of hIVIG blocked anti-CD3 and @entity5 -induced stimulation of competent T cells. In cultures of competent T cells, either @entity2 or @entity4 was successful in reversing the hIVIG-induced inhibition. In these cultures, hIVIG also significantly prevented the synthesis/secretion of both @entity2 and @entity4 in PDB-stimulated competent T cells. Taken together, these data suggest that one mechanism of action of hIVIG may be through its interference with cytokine-dependent T-cell proliferation.

title: Suppression of cytokine-dependent XXXX T-cell proliferation by intravenous immunoglobulin.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: During the 2013-14 school year, over 763,000 female athletes participated in interscholastic running sports in the United States. Recent studies have indicated associations between the female athlete triad (Triad) and stress @entity3 or other @entity1 in elite or collegiate female running populations. Little is known about these relationships in an adolescent interscholastic running population. The purpose of this study was to determine the associations between Triad and risk of lower extremity @entity1 among adolescent runners. METHODS: Eighty-nine female athletes competing in interscholastic cross-country and track in southern California were followed, prospectively. The runners were monitored throughout their respective sport season for lower extremity @entity1 . Data collected included daily injury reports, @entity4 Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) that assessed @entity4 /behaviors, a questionnaire on menstrual history and demographic characteristics, a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan that measured whole-body @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and body composition (lean tissue and fat mass), and anthropometric measurements. RESULTS: Thirty-eight runners (42.7%) incurred at least one lower extremity @entity1 . In the @entity0 Z-score  <= -1 standard deviation (SD) adjusted model, low @entity0 relative to age ( @entity0 Z-score of  <= -1SD) was significantly associated (Odds Ratio [OR]=4.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-13.3) with an increased occurrence of @entity1 during the interscholastic sport season. In the @entity0 Z-score  <= -2 SDs adjusted model, a history of oligo/ @entity5 was significantly associated (OR=4.1, 95% CI: 1.2-13.5) with @entity1 occurrence. CONCLUSION: Oligo/ @entity5 and low @entity0 were associated with @entity1 among the female interscholastic cross-country and track runners. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Regular, close monitoring of adolescent female runners during seasonal and off-season training may be warranted, so that potential problems can be recognized and addressed promptly in order to minimize the risk of @entity2 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2.

title: Associations between the female athlete XXXX among high school runners.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND INCIDENCE: Ischial tuberosity @entity2 and its associated complications are an under recognized diagnosis in the adolescent athlete. Apophyseal injuries of the pelvis in the skeletally immature athlete can occur in multiple locations but are most common at the ischial tuberosity, affecting males more commonly than females. DESCRIPTION OF INJURY AND CURRENT MANAGEMENT: The most common cause of ischial tuberosity @entity0 @entity2 is a quick eccentric load to the proximal hamstrings, occurring with kicking as in soccer, football, or dance. Signs and symptoms are similar to a proximal hamstring injury but @entity0 injuries often go undiagnosed, as radiographs are not frequently obtained. In acute cases, rest and relative immobilization are the recommended course of care. In chronic cases, including those with delayed diagnosis, or those that remain symptomatic after initial care due to non-union or associated @entity3 , surgery is often performed in order to restore normal anatomy, alleviate symptoms, and help return the athlete to full activity. PURPOSE: The authors' share a novel treatment approach consisting of ultrasound guided percutaneous needle fenestration for the treatment of three adolescent athletes with symptomatic delayed diagnoses of ischial tuberosity fractures. Needle fenestration was followed by a physical therapy progression which was developed based on tissue healing rates, symptom presentation, and the available literature related to proximal hamstring injuries. OUTCOMES: Two athletes reported elimination of @entity1 , full functional recovery and return to sport without limitations as measured by use of the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, the Global Rating of Change Scale, and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale. One athlete reported elimination of @entity1 and full functional recovery and chose to return to a new sport. Symptoms of possible concurrent hamstring syndrome are discussed as well the management of this condition. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: This case series introduced a novel approach for treatment of symptomatic delayed union ischial tuberosity fractures in three adolescents prior to consideration of surgical intervention. Percutanous needle fenestration and the described subsequent rehabilitation provided positive treatment outcomes in the presented cases, including full return to athletic and recreational endeavors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 5.

title: A novel approach to treatment for chronic @entity0 XXXX of the ischial tuberosity in three adolescent athletes: a case series.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND INCIDENCE: Ischial tuberosity @entity2 and its associated complications are an under recognized diagnosis in the adolescent athlete. Apophyseal injuries of the pelvis in the skeletally immature athlete can occur in multiple locations but are most common at the ischial tuberosity, affecting males more commonly than females. DESCRIPTION OF INJURY AND CURRENT MANAGEMENT: The most common cause of ischial tuberosity @entity0 @entity2 is a quick eccentric load to the proximal hamstrings, occurring with kicking as in soccer, football, or dance. Signs and symptoms are similar to a proximal hamstring injury but @entity0 injuries often go undiagnosed, as radiographs are not frequently obtained. In acute cases, rest and relative immobilization are the recommended course of care. In chronic cases, including those with delayed diagnosis, or those that remain symptomatic after initial care due to non-union or associated @entity3 , surgery is often performed in order to restore normal anatomy, alleviate symptoms, and help return the athlete to full activity. PURPOSE: The authors' share a novel treatment approach consisting of ultrasound guided percutaneous needle fenestration for the treatment of three adolescent athletes with symptomatic delayed diagnoses of ischial tuberosity fractures. Needle fenestration was followed by a physical therapy progression which was developed based on tissue healing rates, symptom presentation, and the available literature related to proximal hamstring injuries. OUTCOMES: Two athletes reported elimination of @entity1 , full functional recovery and return to sport without limitations as measured by use of the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, the Global Rating of Change Scale, and the Lower Extremity Functional Scale. One athlete reported elimination of @entity1 and full functional recovery and chose to return to a new sport. Symptoms of possible concurrent hamstring syndrome are discussed as well the management of this condition. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS: This case series introduced a novel approach for treatment of symptomatic delayed union ischial tuberosity fractures in three adolescents prior to consideration of surgical intervention. Percutanous needle fenestration and the described subsequent rehabilitation provided positive treatment outcomes in the presented cases, including full return to athletic and recreational endeavors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 5.

title: A novel approach to treatment for chronic XXXX @entity2 of the ischial tuberosity in three adolescent athletes: a case series.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) is the most common primary @entity3 in @entity0 and accounts for two-thirds of all @entity3 in the pediatric population. For @entity0 with advanced @entity9 (unresectable or unresponsive to chemotherapy), combined treatment with chemotherapy and liver transplantation is an excellent option. The etiology of @entity9 is mostly obscure because of its extreme rarity although some @entity2 and very low birth weight have been associated with it. The prognosis for @entity0 with @entity9 has significantly improved in the past three decades thanks to advancements in chemotherapy, surgical resection and postoperative care. In 2002 a surgical staging system called pretreatment extent of disease (PRETEXT) was designed to allow a universal, multidisciplinary approach to @entity0 with @entity9 . Between one-third to two-thirds of @entity0 initially present with unresectable @entity1 or distant metastases, but up to 85% of these @entity1 become operable after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. @entity0 with PRETEXT categories 1, 2, and some 3 are referred for neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection with the @entity1 removal. Classic treatments regimens include a combination of @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity7 or @entity5 and @entity4 . Liver transplantation is the only treatment option for unresectable @entity9 . In 2010 the pediatric @entity8 , a pediatric-specific scoring system that determines a @entity0 's ranking on the liver transplant list, began to award additional "exception" points for @entity0 with @entity9 . We analyzed the Standard Transplant Analysis and Research dataset to assess the impact of changes in exception point criteria for @entity9 on outcomes after liver transplantation at Texas @entity0 's Hospital in Houston, Texas. We found that @entity0 who were listed for transplantation with current @entity9 exception criteria experienced a shorter waitlist time but survival was similar between the two eras.

title: Role of liver transplantation in the management of XXXX in the pediatric population.

answer: @entity9


abstract: We compared ultrasonic findings and histology in 25 @entity0 with @entity2 . Ultrasonically guided transperineal biopsy of focal @entity3 was performed in 19 @entity0 , in @entity2 was suspected. Six of them had two different echogenic areas in the same focal lesion, so a total of 25 echogenic areas were assessed. Fourteen of these 25 areas were hypoechoic. The Gleason score varied, but residual prostatic glands and @entity1 glands with slightly enlarged lumen did not exist. Six of the areas were slightly more echogenic than the above 14 areas, and cribriform @entity1 with slightly enlarged glands occupied the greater part of these specimens. Four of the areas were isoechoic, and they contained residual prostatic glands showing a normal distribution, regardless of the Gleason score or grade of @entity1 infiltration. The only hyperechoic lesion contained numerous tiny areas of calcification. In the 6 @entity0 without focal lesions, the peripheral and transition zones showed a normal echogenicity. Two of these @entity0 had @entity1 in the transition zone, and biopsy showed @entity1 glands with slightly enlarged lumens. In the 4 @entity0 , various-sized @entity1 were seen, but there was a normal distribution of residual prostatic glands and stroma. These results indicated that prostatic echogenicity is determined by the presence of @entity1 glands with enlarged lumina as well as residual prostatic glands and stroma.

title: Relationship of ultrasonographic findings to histology in XXXX .

answer: @entity2