abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of @entity5 on cell proliferation in differentiation degree of @entity3 cells and related mechanisms. METHODS: The @entity3 cell lines Ishikawa and @entity0 were used. Cell proliferation was assessed after exposure to @entity5 with or without @entity2 ( @entity2 ) inhibitor @entity7 by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method. @entity2 mRNA was determined by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. The expression of phosphorylation @entity2 (p- @entity2 ) and total @entity2 (t- @entity2 ) and phosphorylation @entity6 (p- @entity4 ) and total @entity4 (t- @entity4 ) were examined by western blot. RESULTS: (1) CCK-8 experiment showed that @entity5 could inhibit the proliferation of @entity3 cells in a time-dependent manner and a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), but the inhibition of well differentiated cell line Ishikawa was lower than that in poorly differentiated cells AN3CA (P < 0.05). @entity7 also could inhibit the proliferation of @entity3 cells in a time-dependent manner and in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), but the inhibition rate of well differentiated cell line Ishikawa was higher than that in poorly differentiated cells AN3CA (P < 0.05). @entity5 + @entity7 also could inhibit the proliferation of @entity3 cells in a time-dependent manner and in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), and the inhibition of combined with @entity5 and @entity7 was stronger than that with a single application of drugs, but the inhibition rate of Ishikawa was higher than that in AN3CA (P < 0.05). (2) RT-PCR method showed that different concentrations of @entity5 (0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, 10 mmol/L, respectively) for 24 hours, the expression level of @entity2 mRNA in Ishikawa cells were respectively 0.74    0.03, 0.61    0.04, 0.46    0.03, 0.31    0.03 and 0.23    0.03, the expression level of @entity2 mRNA in @entity0 cells were respectively 0.79    0.20, 0.61    0.03, 0.50    0.05, 0.32    0.03 and 0.26    0.04, the inhibition effect showed a significant concentration-dependent manner (all P < 0.01). (3) Western blot method displayed that the effect of @entity5 treated respectively 2, 4, 6 or 8 hours, there were not significant difference in the expression levels of t- @entity2 protein and t- @entity4 between Ishikawa and @entity0 cells (all P > 0.05). But the expression levels of p- @entity2 and p- @entity4 protein were significantly lower between two groups (P < 0.01), which showed a time-dependent manner (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity5 could inhibit the proliferation of @entity3 cells, the inhibition is associated with the differentiation degree of @entity1 cells. @entity5 could enhance the @entity2 signaling pathway inhibitor @entity7 inhibition of @entity3 cells, which may inhibit @entity2 expression of phosphorylated proteins to inhibit the phosphorylation of @entity4 proteins and then inhibit proliferation of @entity3 cells.

title: [Research of the influence and mechanism about XXXX on the proliferation of differentiated @entity3 cells].

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of @entity5 on cell proliferation in differentiation degree of @entity3 cells and related mechanisms. METHODS: The @entity3 cell lines Ishikawa and @entity0 were used. Cell proliferation was assessed after exposure to @entity5 with or without @entity2 ( @entity2 ) inhibitor @entity7 by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method. @entity2 mRNA was determined by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. The expression of phosphorylation @entity2 (p- @entity2 ) and total @entity2 (t- @entity2 ) and phosphorylation @entity6 (p- @entity4 ) and total @entity4 (t- @entity4 ) were examined by western blot. RESULTS: (1) CCK-8 experiment showed that @entity5 could inhibit the proliferation of @entity3 cells in a time-dependent manner and a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), but the inhibition of well differentiated cell line Ishikawa was lower than that in poorly differentiated cells AN3CA (P < 0.05). @entity7 also could inhibit the proliferation of @entity3 cells in a time-dependent manner and in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), but the inhibition rate of well differentiated cell line Ishikawa was higher than that in poorly differentiated cells AN3CA (P < 0.05). @entity5 + @entity7 also could inhibit the proliferation of @entity3 cells in a time-dependent manner and in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05), and the inhibition of combined with @entity5 and @entity7 was stronger than that with a single application of drugs, but the inhibition rate of Ishikawa was higher than that in AN3CA (P < 0.05). (2) RT-PCR method showed that different concentrations of @entity5 (0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, 10 mmol/L, respectively) for 24 hours, the expression level of @entity2 mRNA in Ishikawa cells were respectively 0.74    0.03, 0.61    0.04, 0.46    0.03, 0.31    0.03 and 0.23    0.03, the expression level of @entity2 mRNA in @entity0 cells were respectively 0.79    0.20, 0.61    0.03, 0.50    0.05, 0.32    0.03 and 0.26    0.04, the inhibition effect showed a significant concentration-dependent manner (all P < 0.01). (3) Western blot method displayed that the effect of @entity5 treated respectively 2, 4, 6 or 8 hours, there were not significant difference in the expression levels of t- @entity2 protein and t- @entity4 between Ishikawa and @entity0 cells (all P > 0.05). But the expression levels of p- @entity2 and p- @entity4 protein were significantly lower between two groups (P < 0.01), which showed a time-dependent manner (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity5 could inhibit the proliferation of @entity3 cells, the inhibition is associated with the differentiation degree of @entity1 cells. @entity5 could enhance the @entity2 signaling pathway inhibitor @entity7 inhibition of @entity3 cells, which may inhibit @entity2 expression of phosphorylated proteins to inhibit the phosphorylation of @entity4 proteins and then inhibit proliferation of @entity3 cells.

title: [Research of the influence and mechanism about @entity5 on the proliferation of differentiated XXXX cells].

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The corneal wound healing response, including the development of @entity3 in some eyes, is a process that often leads to @entity5 that occurs after @entity2 to the @entity4 . Immediately after epithelial and @entity2 , a complex sequence of processes contributes to wound repair and regeneration of normal corneal structure and function. In some corneas, however, often depending on the type and extent of injury, the response may also lead to the development of mature vimentin+  a-smooth muscle actin+  @entity6 +  myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts are specialized fibroblastic cells generated in the @entity4 from keratocyte-derived or bone marrow-derived precursor cells. The disorganized extracellular matrix components secreted by myofibroblasts, in addition to decreased expression of corneal crystallins in these cells, are central biological processes that result in corneal stromal @entity0 associated with @entity3 or "haze". Several factors are associated with myofibroblast generation and haze development after PRK surgery in @entity1 , a reproducible model of @entity5 , including the amount of tissue ablated, which may relate to the extent of keratocyte apoptosis in the early response to injury, irregularity of stromal surface after surgery, and changes in corneal stromal proteoglycans, but normal regeneration of the epithelial basement membrane (EBM) appears to be a critical factor determining whether a @entity4 heals with relative transparency or vision-limiting @entity3 . Structural and functional abnormalities of the regenerated EBM facilitate prolonged entry of epithelium-derived growth factors such as transforming growth factor b (TGF-b) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) into the stroma that both drive development of mature myofibroblasts from precursor cells and lead to persistence of the cells in the anterior stroma. A major discovery that has contributed to our understanding of haze development is that keratocytes and corneal fibroblasts produce critical EBM components, such as @entity7 , nidogen-2 and perlecan, that are essential for complete regeneration of a normal EBM once laminin secreted by epithelial cells self-polymerizes into a nascent EBM. Mature myofibroblasts that become established in the anterior stroma are a barrier to keratocyte/corneal fibroblast contributions to the nascent EBM. These myofibroblasts, and the @entity3 they produce, often persist for months or years after the injury. Transparency is subsequently restored when the EBM is completely regenerated, myofibroblasts are deprived of TGFb and undergo apoptosis, and the keratocytes re-occupy the anterior stroma and reabsorb disordered extracellular matrix. The aim of this review is to highlight factors involved in the generation of stromal haze and its subsequent removal.

title: The XXXX response to epithelial- @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The corneal wound healing response, including the development of @entity3 in some eyes, is a process that often leads to @entity5 that occurs after @entity2 to the @entity4 . Immediately after epithelial and @entity2 , a complex sequence of processes contributes to wound repair and regeneration of normal corneal structure and function. In some corneas, however, often depending on the type and extent of injury, the response may also lead to the development of mature vimentin+  a-smooth muscle actin+  @entity6 +  myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts are specialized fibroblastic cells generated in the @entity4 from keratocyte-derived or bone marrow-derived precursor cells. The disorganized extracellular matrix components secreted by myofibroblasts, in addition to decreased expression of corneal crystallins in these cells, are central biological processes that result in corneal stromal @entity0 associated with @entity3 or "haze". Several factors are associated with myofibroblast generation and haze development after PRK surgery in @entity1 , a reproducible model of @entity5 , including the amount of tissue ablated, which may relate to the extent of keratocyte apoptosis in the early response to injury, irregularity of stromal surface after surgery, and changes in corneal stromal proteoglycans, but normal regeneration of the epithelial basement membrane (EBM) appears to be a critical factor determining whether a @entity4 heals with relative transparency or vision-limiting @entity3 . Structural and functional abnormalities of the regenerated EBM facilitate prolonged entry of epithelium-derived growth factors such as transforming growth factor b (TGF-b) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) into the stroma that both drive development of mature myofibroblasts from precursor cells and lead to persistence of the cells in the anterior stroma. A major discovery that has contributed to our understanding of haze development is that keratocytes and corneal fibroblasts produce critical EBM components, such as @entity7 , nidogen-2 and perlecan, that are essential for complete regeneration of a normal EBM once laminin secreted by epithelial cells self-polymerizes into a nascent EBM. Mature myofibroblasts that become established in the anterior stroma are a barrier to keratocyte/corneal fibroblast contributions to the nascent EBM. These myofibroblasts, and the @entity3 they produce, often persist for months or years after the injury. Transparency is subsequently restored when the EBM is completely regenerated, myofibroblasts are deprived of TGFb and undergo apoptosis, and the keratocytes re-occupy the anterior stroma and reabsorb disordered extracellular matrix. The aim of this review is to highlight factors involved in the generation of stromal haze and its subsequent removal.

title: The @entity0 response to epithelial- XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe clinical effects of "Santong needling" by stages for @entity0 with moderate and severe peripheral @entity2 (PFP) in the acute period. METHODS: Sixty @entity0 with moderate and severe PFP were equally and randomly divided into Santong needling group and control group. The @entity0 of the Santong needling group were treated by shallow puncture of Yifeng (TE 17, on the affected side) and Hegu ( @entity4 , on the healthy side) without needle manipulation in the acute stage ("Qing-tong", mild dredging) , by oblique-penetrative puncture of Dicang ( @entity6 ) to Jiache ( @entity5 ), etc. , and moderate manipulation of needles in the resting stage ("Qiang-tong", stronger dredging) , and by oblique-penetrative puncture of Dicang ( @entity6 ) to Jiache ( @entity5 ), etc., and reinforcing needling manipulation in the recovery stage("Bu-tong", tonifying dredging). The @entity0 of the control group were treated by "Jingjin" (musculotendon) puncture of the same acupoints. The treatment was conducted once daily, 5 times per week for 6 weeks. The 0-3-grade scores of therapeutic effects were evaluated according to the severity of the @entity0 ' symptoms and signs (including forehead stripes, palpebral fissure, nasolabial groove, drooping of the mouth angle, bulging cheek-air leak, food residue, dysgeusis, @entity3 , lacrimation, and orbicularis oculi reflex). The therapeutic effect index = (score of pre-treatment--score of post-treatment)/score of pre-treatment x100% . The @entity0 ' life quality scores were assessed by using the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL)-BREF questionnaire. RESULTS: After the treatment, the scores of clinical symptoms and signs were significantly decreased in both control and Santong needling groups in comparison with pre-treatment in the same one group (P < 0.05), suggesting an improvement of @entity1 after 6 weeks' treatment. Of the two 30 @entity0 in the control group and Santong needling group, 11 (36.7%) and 15 (50.0%) were cured, 8 (26.7%) and 9 (30.0%) experienced marked improvement, 5 (16.6%) and 4 (13.3%) were effective, and 6 (20.0%) and 2 (6.7%) invalid, with the effective rates being 80.0% and 93.3%, respectively. The therapeutic effect of Santong needling group was evidently superior to that of the control group (P < 0.05). Three-months' follow up showed that the WHOQOL-BREF scores were comparable between pre- and post-treatment in the same one group and between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Santong needling by stages is effective in improving clinical symptoms and signs of @entity0 with moderate and severe peripheral @entity2 .

title: ["Santong Needling" by Stages for Moderate and Severe Peripheral XXXX in the Acute Period].

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: BACKGROUND @entity1 -resistant enterococci (VRE) have spread worldwide. OBJECTIVE To systematically review VRE outbreaks and estimate the pooled basic reproductive rate (R0) of VRE. METHODS Eligible studies criteria were (1) published within 10 years, (2) report outbreak details, (3) involve 1 center, (4) estimate epidemic duration, and (5) concern adults. Descriptive analysis included number of index cases, secondary cases, and screened @entity0 ; infection control measures; and definition of contact @entity0 . R0 was estimated by the equation R 0=(ln2) D/t d+1, with D as the generation time and t d as the doubling time. RESULTS Thirteen VRE outbreaks were retained from 180 articles and, among them, 10 were kept for R0 calculation. The mean (range) number of index cases was 2.3 (1-8) and the mean (range) number of secondary cases was 15 (3-56). The mean (range) number of screened @entity0 was 174 (32-509), with pooled VRE prevalence of 5.4% (95% CI, 4.5%-6.3%). Contact precautions were reported in 12 studies (92%), wards were closed in 7 (54%), with cohorting in 6 (46%). Two major screening policies were implemented: (1) a surveillance program in the unit or hospital (7 studies [54%]) and (2) screening of selected contact @entity0 (6 studies [46%]). The pooled R0 of VRE was 1.32 (interquartile range, 1.03-1.46). CONCLUSION We discerned considerable heterogeneity in screening policies during VRE outbreaks. Pooled R 0 was higher than 1, confirming the epidemic nature of VRE. Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2016;37(3):289-394.

title: Outbreaks of XXXX -Resistant Enterococci in Hospital Settings: A Systematic Review and Calculation of the Basic Reproductive Number.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both @entity2 use and @entity3 are concerning health issues among youth. The @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a critical location to access youth with @entity3 and @entity2 misuse. OBJECTIVES: To inform future interventions in the @entity4 , this study examined the relationship between drinking behaviors and @entity3 among youth seeking @entity4 care. METHODS: Youth ages 14-20 were recruited from a level-1 @entity1 @entity4 located in the Midwest as part of a larger ongoing study. @entity0 completed an electronic screening survey, which included assessment of @entity2 use, @entity3 , and demographic variables. Two logistic regression models were conducted to assess the relationship between @entity3 with @entity2 consumption and specific @entity2 -related consequences. RESULTS: Among 3,659 @entity0 , bivariate analysis indicated that individuals screening positive for @entity3 were more likely to be female, nonwhite, receive public assistance, and report higher scores on both @entity2 consumption and @entity2 -related consequences. Regression analyses indicated @entity2 consumption, inability to stop drinking once starting, and feelings of guilt or remorse after drinking were significantly positively related to screening positive for @entity3 . Conclusions/Importance: Current findings support use of the @entity4 as a location for identifying youth who are experiencing co-morbid @entity2 use and @entity3 . Future research should focus on the effectiveness of brief intervention in the @entity4 that focuses on the co-occurrence of @entity2 misuse and @entity3 among youth.

title: Prevalence and Correlates of @entity3 and Drinking Behaviors Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults in a Suburban XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both @entity2 use and @entity3 are concerning health issues among youth. The @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a critical location to access youth with @entity3 and @entity2 misuse. OBJECTIVES: To inform future interventions in the @entity4 , this study examined the relationship between drinking behaviors and @entity3 among youth seeking @entity4 care. METHODS: Youth ages 14-20 were recruited from a level-1 @entity1 @entity4 located in the Midwest as part of a larger ongoing study. @entity0 completed an electronic screening survey, which included assessment of @entity2 use, @entity3 , and demographic variables. Two logistic regression models were conducted to assess the relationship between @entity3 with @entity2 consumption and specific @entity2 -related consequences. RESULTS: Among 3,659 @entity0 , bivariate analysis indicated that individuals screening positive for @entity3 were more likely to be female, nonwhite, receive public assistance, and report higher scores on both @entity2 consumption and @entity2 -related consequences. Regression analyses indicated @entity2 consumption, inability to stop drinking once starting, and feelings of guilt or remorse after drinking were significantly positively related to screening positive for @entity3 . Conclusions/Importance: Current findings support use of the @entity4 as a location for identifying youth who are experiencing co-morbid @entity2 use and @entity3 . Future research should focus on the effectiveness of brief intervention in the @entity4 that focuses on the co-occurrence of @entity2 misuse and @entity3 among youth.

title: Prevalence and Correlates of XXXX and Drinking Behaviors Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults in a Suburban @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The transcriptional organization of the @entity0 @entity3 (sry) locus (previously designated @entity4 ) has been investigated by DNA sequencing, S1 nuclease mapping, and primer extension analysis. The data indicate that the five different (and partially overlapping) sry messenger RNAs detectable in early embryos are initiated at three separate sites, each directly upstream from one of the three protein-coding regions, designated (in 5' to 3' order) beta, alpha and delta. All of the sry mRNAs are transcribed in the same direction. The two blastoderm stage-specific sry mRNAs both include the alpha-coding region and have the same 5' terminus, only 183 @entity2 downstream from the 3' terminus of a beta region transcript (which is transcribed in ovaries). Similarly, only 331 nucleotides separate the 5' end of a delta region transcript from the major 3' end of the alpha region transcripts. One of the five sry embryonic mRNAs includes both the beta and alpha protein-coding segments and the spacer region in between, while another mRNA includes both the alpha and delta protein-coding regions as well as the spacer in between. The two read-through transcripts probably result from the failure to undergo a 3' cleavage and polyadenylation event rather than from differential splicing. As the three other sry embryo mRNAs are each transcribed from a single protein-coding region, it would appear that the alpha, beta and delta open reading frames correspond to three separate genes. Codon bias analysis reinforces the notion that these three genes code for bona fide proteins with translation starting at the first in-frame AUG codon. The predicted beta and delta polypeptides show partial @entity1 sequence homology, suggesting a common evolutionary origin.

title: Sequence and structure of the XXXX locus of @entity0 . A densely transcribed region including a blastoderm-specific gene.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The transcriptional organization of the @entity0 @entity3 (sry) locus (previously designated @entity4 ) has been investigated by DNA sequencing, S1 nuclease mapping, and primer extension analysis. The data indicate that the five different (and partially overlapping) sry messenger RNAs detectable in early embryos are initiated at three separate sites, each directly upstream from one of the three protein-coding regions, designated (in 5' to 3' order) beta, alpha and delta. All of the sry mRNAs are transcribed in the same direction. The two blastoderm stage-specific sry mRNAs both include the alpha-coding region and have the same 5' terminus, only 183 @entity2 downstream from the 3' terminus of a beta region transcript (which is transcribed in ovaries). Similarly, only 331 nucleotides separate the 5' end of a delta region transcript from the major 3' end of the alpha region transcripts. One of the five sry embryonic mRNAs includes both the beta and alpha protein-coding segments and the spacer region in between, while another mRNA includes both the alpha and delta protein-coding regions as well as the spacer in between. The two read-through transcripts probably result from the failure to undergo a 3' cleavage and polyadenylation event rather than from differential splicing. As the three other sry embryo mRNAs are each transcribed from a single protein-coding region, it would appear that the alpha, beta and delta open reading frames correspond to three separate genes. Codon bias analysis reinforces the notion that these three genes code for bona fide proteins with translation starting at the first in-frame AUG codon. The predicted beta and delta polypeptides show partial @entity1 sequence homology, suggesting a common evolutionary origin.

title: Sequence and structure of the @entity3 locus of XXXX . A densely transcribed region including a blastoderm-specific gene.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Cellular and nuclear pleomorphism are features of @entity8 , a premalignant alteration found in many stratified squamous epithelia including those of the oral mucosa. In the present report we have applied morphometric techniques to evaluate alterations in cellular and nuclear volume during epithelial differentiation in experimentally-induced @entity1 . Hamster cheek pouches treated with @entity2 were biopsied and assigned to @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity3 groups with untreated pouches being used as controls. Following a @entity7 sampling scheme, electron micrographs from defined basal, spinous and granular strata were obtained and cellular and nuclear volumetric estimates obtained by a combination of direct measurement and stereological intersection counting. In all strata, nuclear, cytoplasmic and cellular volumes were lowest in the normal control group and were increased in all experimental groups. Volumetric estimates obtained for carcinogen-treated groups were generally between 2 to 3 times higher than for the control group which indicates that cellular and nuclear hypertrophy occurs in conjunction with the @entity6 and proliferation induced by the chemical carcinogen. We also describe the application of the pathological alteration ratio (PAR), a parameter which is independent of methodological variables, and which was consistently elevated in our experimental study. This was also applied to a number of reports in the literature which describe morphometric alterations in cellular or nuclear parameters in a variety of @entity0 lesions. Within any particular group of lesions, PAR values were generally higher for @entity3 than for other benign conditions. We conclude that cellular and nuclear hypertrophy occurs not only during experimental @entity1 but also in @entity0 benign and malignant lesions. With the advent of computer-based automated image analysers, measurements of certain structural features on sectioned tissues may have a role in histopathological diagnosis.

title: An ultrastructural morphometric study of cellular and nuclear volume alterations during experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: " NlmCategory=: Elastography is a new method of assessment of lymph node consistency. The majority of papers focus on metastases detection of head and neck or @entity0 . The typical desmoplastic reaction in connective tissue stroma in @entity2 , which is responsible for tissue's hardening, is seen in @entity3 frequently. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study of 15 @entity1 with active Hodgkin and @entity4 and 16 previously treated @entity1 with no evidence of recurrence. A total of 60 @entity1 suffering from reactive lymphadenopathy was the control group. The size, appearance, vascularity and elastogram of lymph node was analyzed. RESULTS: Type C elastogram correlated strongly with lymph nodes which presented at least three pathologic features in 2D image. Large lymph nodes with long axis diameter over 3 cm may have 'cheese with holes' appearance rather than common type C elastogram. CONCLUSION: According to our simplified sonoelastography scoring system, type C elastogram was present mainly in @entity1 with @entity3 affecting lymph nodes, which showed all four features that we analyzed using conventional ultrasonography. This elastogram was also present in reactive lymphadenopathies. Distinctive for large lymph nodes in @entity1 with active forms of @entity3 "cheese with holes" appearance, can be considered as equal with type C image, although it is corresponding to type B sonoelastographic map.

title: Modified sonoelastographic scale score for lymph node assessment in XXXX - a preliminary report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: No single pathophysiologic factor has been identified as the cause of recurrent acute @entity7 . A systematic search should be undertaken in every @entity0 to identify one of a myriad of factors that have been shown to play a part in causing this distressing illness. The abuse of @entity2 remains the likeliest cause, and further research may reveal an @entity11 that jeopardizes some @entity0 . @entity5 , @entity15 , @entity14 , @entity9 , and duodenal diverticula show a clear relationship. @entity3 such as @entity12 , @entity6 , and @entity13 remain suspect. Systemic illnesses such as @entity8 and @entity10 must be considered. @entity4 such as @entity7 may precipitate acute @entity7 through aberrant anatomic structures. Cancer must always be disproved. Not yet firmly established but worthy of thorough investigation are uncommon causes, such as the ingestion of certain drugs or combinations of drugs and @entity1 , either recent or past. @entity7 remains frightening for those with the disease and puzzling and frustrating for the medical @entity0 who treat it. A careful history and investigation in accordance with a systematic diagnostic plan that includes many disparate factors will lead to identification of the cause in the majority of @entity0 .

title: Pathophysiologic factors in recurrent acute XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The changes in both the levels of some free @entity6 and their metabolism in the @entity1 brain during the first 24 hr of postnatal life were studied. The content of @entity2 decreased for the first 2 hr; it remained at the lowest level for the next 4 hr, when it began to increase. The content of @entity5 decreased for the first 6 hr and approached the adult level. @entity0 consumption, @entity3 oxidation, and @entity7 formation in the cerebral slices of the 24-hr-old @entity1 were as much as 150% of that of the 19-day-old fetus. The distribution profile of radioactivity incorporated into the cerebral @entity6 from the subarachnoid-injected [U-14C]glucose was also changed. In the 2- and 6-hr-old @entity1 , 50% of the total radioactivity recovered in the free @entity6 was in @entity5 . Its rate decreased to 30% in the 24-hr-old and was 2% in the adult, while the radioactivity incorporated into @entity2 increased. @entity5 aminotransferase activity started to increase at birth and had the highest level at 24 hr after birth. It then decreased and finally reached the same level as shown at birth. However, @entity4 aminotransferase increased during the first 6 hr after birth and did not change until the end of the first day of life.

title: Perinatal changes in amino acid metabolism of @entity1 brain, especially XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The changes in both the levels of some free @entity6 and their metabolism in the @entity1 brain during the first 24 hr of postnatal life were studied. The content of @entity2 decreased for the first 2 hr; it remained at the lowest level for the next 4 hr, when it began to increase. The content of @entity5 decreased for the first 6 hr and approached the adult level. @entity0 consumption, @entity3 oxidation, and @entity7 formation in the cerebral slices of the 24-hr-old @entity1 were as much as 150% of that of the 19-day-old fetus. The distribution profile of radioactivity incorporated into the cerebral @entity6 from the subarachnoid-injected [U-14C]glucose was also changed. In the 2- and 6-hr-old @entity1 , 50% of the total radioactivity recovered in the free @entity6 was in @entity5 . Its rate decreased to 30% in the 24-hr-old and was 2% in the adult, while the radioactivity incorporated into @entity2 increased. @entity5 aminotransferase activity started to increase at birth and had the highest level at 24 hr after birth. It then decreased and finally reached the same level as shown at birth. However, @entity4 aminotransferase increased during the first 6 hr after birth and did not change until the end of the first day of life.

title: Perinatal changes in amino acid metabolism of @entity1 brain, especially @entity5 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The changes in both the levels of some free @entity6 and their metabolism in the @entity1 brain during the first 24 hr of postnatal life were studied. The content of @entity2 decreased for the first 2 hr; it remained at the lowest level for the next 4 hr, when it began to increase. The content of @entity5 decreased for the first 6 hr and approached the adult level. @entity0 consumption, @entity3 oxidation, and @entity7 formation in the cerebral slices of the 24-hr-old @entity1 were as much as 150% of that of the 19-day-old fetus. The distribution profile of radioactivity incorporated into the cerebral @entity6 from the subarachnoid-injected [U-14C]glucose was also changed. In the 2- and 6-hr-old @entity1 , 50% of the total radioactivity recovered in the free @entity6 was in @entity5 . Its rate decreased to 30% in the 24-hr-old and was 2% in the adult, while the radioactivity incorporated into @entity2 increased. @entity5 aminotransferase activity started to increase at birth and had the highest level at 24 hr after birth. It then decreased and finally reached the same level as shown at birth. However, @entity4 aminotransferase increased during the first 6 hr after birth and did not change until the end of the first day of life.

title: Perinatal changes in amino acid metabolism of XXXX brain, especially @entity5 and @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is the second most common type of @entity2 in the Western world. The treatment of this disease has evolved greatly, particularly for @entity0 with @entity1 . The advent of combination chemotherapy plus targeted agents has led to more curative resections and improved survival rates in these @entity0 . A deeper understanding of the mechanisms of tumorigenesis has facilitated @entity2 characterization, prognosis and @entity0 stratification, bringing us one step closer towards personalized medicine. SUMMARY: There are two main pathways of @entity4 development: (1) chromosomal instability, also known as the classical @entity8 sequence, and (2) microsatellite instability, caused by a defective mismatch repair (dMMR) system. Analysis of these pathways has uncovered key prognostic and predictive biomarkers to guide @entity0 selection and treatment strategy. This review summarizes the current treatment regimens and recent advances in the personalized therapy of @entity4 . KEY MESSAGE: Understanding of the mechanisms of @entity4 pathogenesis has led to new developments in @entity2 characterization, @entity0 stratification, prognosis and treatment, bringing us closer to personalized therapy. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: In the adjuvant setting, the treatment decision is driven by clinical and histopathological factors. dMMR status is one of the most robust positive prognostic factors in resected @entity6 . More and more guidelines recommend refraining from adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity0 with dMMR. In the metastatic setting, the introduction of effective compounds, including agents that target the @entity5 and @entity3 pathways, has significantly improved survival. The presence of wild-type @entity7 and @entity9 (all RAS) is a positive predictive factor for @entity5 antibody treatment. Therefore, analysis of all RAS status is recommended for all @entity0 with @entity1 prior to the initiation of first-line chemotherapy.

title: XXXX : Personalized Therapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Chronic use of glucocorticoids (GC) suppresses function of the @entity3 and often results in @entity2 (AI). The present study aimed to determine the recovery rate of adrenal function in @entity0 with secondary AI within 1-2 years and to assess the factors predictive of adrenal function recovery. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study that enrolled @entity0 diagnosed with GC-induced secondary AI between 2007 and 2013. AI was defined by peak serum @entity1 levels <18  g/dL during a standard-dose short synacthen test (SST). A follow-up SST was performed after 1-2 years, and responders were defined as those with @entity4 (ACTH)-stimulated peak serum @entity1 levels >=  18  g/dL. RESULTS: Of the total 34 @entity0 diagnosed with GC-induced secondary AI at first, 20 @entity0 (58.8%) recovered normal adrenal function by the time of the follow-up SST (median follow-up period: 16.5 months). Although the baseline serum ACTH and @entity1 levels at the first SST did not differ between responders and non-responders, the incremental @entity1 response during the first SST was higher in responders than that of non-responders (7.88 vs. 3.56, P < 0.01). Additionally, higher @entity1 increments during the first SST were an independent predictive factor of the adrenal function recovery (odds ratio 1.58, 95% confidence interval 1.02-2.46; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, adrenal function recovery was achieved frequently in @entity0 with GC-induced secondary AI within 1-2 years. Additionally, an incremental @entity1 response at the first SST may be an important predictive factor of adrenal function recovery.

title: Recovery of Adrenal Function in @entity0 with Glucocorticoids Induced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Chronic use of glucocorticoids (GC) suppresses function of the @entity3 and often results in @entity2 (AI). The present study aimed to determine the recovery rate of adrenal function in @entity0 with secondary AI within 1-2 years and to assess the factors predictive of adrenal function recovery. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study that enrolled @entity0 diagnosed with GC-induced secondary AI between 2007 and 2013. AI was defined by peak serum @entity1 levels <18  g/dL during a standard-dose short synacthen test (SST). A follow-up SST was performed after 1-2 years, and responders were defined as those with @entity4 (ACTH)-stimulated peak serum @entity1 levels >=  18  g/dL. RESULTS: Of the total 34 @entity0 diagnosed with GC-induced secondary AI at first, 20 @entity0 (58.8%) recovered normal adrenal function by the time of the follow-up SST (median follow-up period: 16.5 months). Although the baseline serum ACTH and @entity1 levels at the first SST did not differ between responders and non-responders, the incremental @entity1 response during the first SST was higher in responders than that of non-responders (7.88 vs. 3.56, P < 0.01). Additionally, higher @entity1 increments during the first SST were an independent predictive factor of the adrenal function recovery (odds ratio 1.58, 95% confidence interval 1.02-2.46; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the present study, adrenal function recovery was achieved frequently in @entity0 with GC-induced secondary AI within 1-2 years. Additionally, an incremental @entity1 response at the first SST may be an important predictive factor of adrenal function recovery.

title: Recovery of Adrenal Function in XXXX with Glucocorticoids Induced @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is an uncommon @entity1 predominantly affecting the oral mucosa and/or conjunctiva. In contrast to serum, the use of saliva for diagnosis of MMP by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the non-collagenous domain (NC16a) of bullous pemphigoid antigen 2 ( @entity2 ) has not been well described. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to establish whether whole or parotid saliva might be a suitable alternative to serum for the diagnosis of MMP. METHODS: Commercially available pre-coated @entity2 -NC16a ELISA plates were used to test serum, whole and parotid saliva for IgG, IgA and secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies. Sixty-four MMP @entity0 provided matched serum, whole saliva and parotid saliva. Fifty healthy controls provided matched serum and whole saliva. An additional 6 healthy controls and 16 disease controls ( @entity3 ( @entity3 ) n=6, lichen planus (LP) n=10) provided matched serum, whole and parotid saliva. RESULTS: The criteria for a positive result was set at >2 SD above the mean of the levels measured in the healthy controls. In whole saliva, IgG antibodies were detected in 11/64 (17%) and IgA in 23/64 (36%) with a combined positivity 29/64 (45%). In parotid saliva IgA antibodies (which were also secretory component positive) were found in 8/18 (44%) patients. Serum IgG antibodies were detected in 27/64 (42%), serum IgA antibodies were detected in 18/64 (28%) with a combined positivity in 33/64 (52%). Control samples were all negative using these criteria yielding 100% positive predictive value for all the tests. The negative predictive values were 62% for IgA saliva, 65% for IgG serum, 59% for IgA serum and 56% for IgG saliva. CONCLUSIONS: IgG and IgA antibodies to NC16a may provide a suitable diagnostic marker in MMP. Assay of salivary IgA antibodies to NC16a offer a similar diagnostic predictive value to serum and may therefore be useful as a biomarker in the diagnosis and monitoring of MMP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Salivary IgA and IgG antibodies to XXXX -NC16a as diagnostic biomarkers in Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few specific reports have addressed @entity1 as a treatment for @entity3 , and its mechanism remains unclear. METHODS: Eighty-seven @entity0 were recruited in this prospective study. Ten @entity0 underwent detailed color Doppler examination. The depths, vessel densities, and resistant indices of 10 lesions were recorded and analyzed before treatment and at 1 and 3 months after treatment. RESULTS: The overall responses were "bad" in 2 cases, "stable" in 4 cases, "good" in 53 cases, and "excellent" in 28 cases. @entity2 regrowth was observed in 11 cases (12.6%). The parents of 18 @entity0 (20.7%) complained that their @entity0 experienced minor discomfort during therapy. The lesion depths, vessel densities, and resistant indices were altered after @entity1 treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity1 can significantly reduce the sizes of @entity3 with minor side effects. Hemodynamic changes might play an important role in the course of @entity1 treatment.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1730-E1736, 2016.

title: Use of @entity1 for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few specific reports have addressed @entity1 as a treatment for @entity3 , and its mechanism remains unclear. METHODS: Eighty-seven @entity0 were recruited in this prospective study. Ten @entity0 underwent detailed color Doppler examination. The depths, vessel densities, and resistant indices of 10 lesions were recorded and analyzed before treatment and at 1 and 3 months after treatment. RESULTS: The overall responses were "bad" in 2 cases, "stable" in 4 cases, "good" in 53 cases, and "excellent" in 28 cases. @entity2 regrowth was observed in 11 cases (12.6%). The parents of 18 @entity0 (20.7%) complained that their @entity0 experienced minor discomfort during therapy. The lesion depths, vessel densities, and resistant indices were altered after @entity1 treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity1 can significantly reduce the sizes of @entity3 with minor side effects. Hemodynamic changes might play an important role in the course of @entity1 treatment.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1730-E1736, 2016.

title: Use of XXXX for @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association of the risk and severity of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity3 diagnosed by neuropsychiatrists according to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria using an objective questionnaire within community-dwelling elderly Korean @entity0 . METHODS: A total of 392 @entity0 who completed urological and @entity2 evaluations as a @entity0 in the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging were included in this analysis. From each subject, an interview elicited demographic characteristics and medical history, International Prostate Symptom Score was ascertained, and a @entity2 questionnaire was completed. Subjects were analyzed with regard to @entity3 and @entity4 severity. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 75 years, 22% were current smokers and 45% were heavy drinkers. Two hundred and twenty-nine subjects (59%) had moderate to severe @entity4 and 6.4% of the subjects were diagnosed with major @entity3 . Those with @entity3 showed higher International Prostate Symptom Score and lower quality of life than the euthymic group (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). Severe @entity4 was more prevalent in the @entity3 group compared with the euthymic group (P = 0.01). Moderate to severe @entity4 was associated with higher age, lower prevalence of @entity1 , and higher prevalence of @entity3 than mild @entity4 . Univariate and multivariate analyses identified age, @entity1 , and @entity3 as significant prognostic factors for moderate to severe @entity4 . @entity3 was the most significant prognostic factor. @entity3 was associated with 5.81-fold increased odds of having moderate to severe @entity4 . CONCLUSION: In older Korean @entity0 , @entity3 symptoms are associated with moderate to severe @entity4 .

title: Effect of XXXX on the Risk and Severity of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Community-Dwelling Elderly Korean @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association of the risk and severity of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity3 diagnosed by neuropsychiatrists according to the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria using an objective questionnaire within community-dwelling elderly Korean @entity0 . METHODS: A total of 392 @entity0 who completed urological and @entity2 evaluations as a @entity0 in the Korean Longitudinal Study on Health and Aging were included in this analysis. From each subject, an interview elicited demographic characteristics and medical history, International Prostate Symptom Score was ascertained, and a @entity2 questionnaire was completed. Subjects were analyzed with regard to @entity3 and @entity4 severity. RESULTS: The mean age of the subjects was 75 years, 22% were current smokers and 45% were heavy drinkers. Two hundred and twenty-nine subjects (59%) had moderate to severe @entity4 and 6.4% of the subjects were diagnosed with major @entity3 . Those with @entity3 showed higher International Prostate Symptom Score and lower quality of life than the euthymic group (P = 0.03 and P = 0.02, respectively). Severe @entity4 was more prevalent in the @entity3 group compared with the euthymic group (P = 0.01). Moderate to severe @entity4 was associated with higher age, lower prevalence of @entity1 , and higher prevalence of @entity3 than mild @entity4 . Univariate and multivariate analyses identified age, @entity1 , and @entity3 as significant prognostic factors for moderate to severe @entity4 . @entity3 was the most significant prognostic factor. @entity3 was associated with 5.81-fold increased odds of having moderate to severe @entity4 . CONCLUSION: In older Korean @entity0 , @entity3 symptoms are associated with moderate to severe @entity4 .

title: Effect of @entity3 on the Risk and Severity of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Community-Dwelling Elderly Korean XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of low (0.2 mg) and intermediate (0.4 mg) dose @entity1 in treating lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). METHODS: @entity0 were treated with low-dose @entity1 for an initial run-in period of 12 weeks, then divided into two groups based on their clinical improvement. @entity0 were measured for objective parameters of peak flow rate and postvoid residual urine volume, as well as subjective symptom scores and perceived @entity0 benefit of treatment. The items were then integrated as the LUTS Outcome Score to determine dose increase or maintenance. Overall outcome was determined at 36 weeks. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-four @entity0 were enrolled and started on 0.2 mg @entity1 treatment. One hundred and fifty-five @entity0 completed the 36-week study. Sixty @entity0 required dose increase to 0.4 mg at the 12th week. Baseline characteristics showed that a @entity0 who would benefit from 0.4 mg dosage had higher age, daytime frequency, and lower peak urine flow rate. @entity0 receiving both 0.2 and 0.04 mg both showed improved clinical outcome measures. Higher improvement was found in voiding component symptom scores and urine flow rate improvement in @entity0 receiving an increased dose. CONCLUSION: Both low- and intermediate-dose @entity1 are effective treatment regimens. Increasing from low to intermediate dose should follow assessment of both objective and subjective improvements.

title: Efficacy of Dose Escalation of XXXX for the Treatment of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Eleven @entity0 with left @entity3 in a ten-year period were reviewed. They ranged from 16 to 69 years old. Eight @entity0 were female. All @entity1 were located in the left atrium; one @entity0 had @entity1 . The main clinical presentation was @entity2 seen in eight @entity0 . Ten @entity0 had a correct pre-operative diagnosis. Echocardiography confirmed the diagnosis in seven @entity0 , angiocardiography in two and cardiac catheterization in one. All @entity1 were successfully removed with the aid of cardiopulmonary bypass and using a right atriotomy and trans-septal approach. Two @entity0 underwent concomitant saphenous vein aortocoronary bypass. There were no operative deaths. Excision of the @entity1 resulted in marked symptomatic improvement. There have been no recurrences. A review of the pertinent literature is presented.

title: Surgery of left XXXX . Report of eleven cases and review of the literature.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: In few previous works, it has been reported that @entity3 is associated with some types of @entity1 . In addition, one higher prevalence of @entity3 and/or @entity2 has been described in their family members compared to the general population. This study was carried out to find out whether @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have these features previously described in other CAKUT types. METHODS: In a descriptive and multicenter study we studied the prevalence of @entity3 , hypocitraturia and @entity2 in 67 @entity0 (43 males and 24 females) with @entity1 and their families. RESULTS: The two metabolic anomalies that promote stone formation were observed in 26 @entity0 (38.8%), distributed as follows: @entity3 in 16, hypocitraturia in 9, and both @entity3 and hypocitraturia in 1. Eight @entity0 (11.9%) suffered renal colic during follow-up. Familial history of @entity2 was found in 42/67 @entity0 (62.7%): in 12 of the first-degree relatives, in 15 of the second degree relatives and in 15 @entity0 both in the first-degree as in their second degree relatives. In contrast, in historic control group, only in 28.1% of families at least one member had @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Our results show that the prevalence of @entity3 and/or hypocitraturia is greater in pediatric @entity0 with @entity1 than in the general population. Likewise, the prevalence of @entity2 in the families of these @entity0 is also higher than that in the general population.

title: [Unilateral renal agenesis. New arguments about the genetic relationship between XXXX and @entity2 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In few previous works, it has been reported that @entity3 is associated with some types of @entity1 . In addition, one higher prevalence of @entity3 and/or @entity2 has been described in their family members compared to the general population. This study was carried out to find out whether @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have these features previously described in other CAKUT types. METHODS: In a descriptive and multicenter study we studied the prevalence of @entity3 , hypocitraturia and @entity2 in 67 @entity0 (43 males and 24 females) with @entity1 and their families. RESULTS: The two metabolic anomalies that promote stone formation were observed in 26 @entity0 (38.8%), distributed as follows: @entity3 in 16, hypocitraturia in 9, and both @entity3 and hypocitraturia in 1. Eight @entity0 (11.9%) suffered renal colic during follow-up. Familial history of @entity2 was found in 42/67 @entity0 (62.7%): in 12 of the first-degree relatives, in 15 of the second degree relatives and in 15 @entity0 both in the first-degree as in their second degree relatives. In contrast, in historic control group, only in 28.1% of families at least one member had @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Our results show that the prevalence of @entity3 and/or hypocitraturia is greater in pediatric @entity0 with @entity1 than in the general population. Likewise, the prevalence of @entity2 in the families of these @entity0 is also higher than that in the general population.

title: [Unilateral renal agenesis. New arguments about the genetic relationship between @entity1 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: An ultrasonographic survey of @entity2 was conducted in 547 consecutive apparently normal overweight subjects (380 females and 167 males), aged 27-58 years in an urban area with relatively low @entity4 intake (mean daily urinary @entity4 excretion: 10.6 micrograms/dL). Individuals with any previous @entity2 or familial thyroid pathology were excluded. In 240 subjects (44%) high resolution ultrasonography of the thyroid was considered normal. In 307 individuals (56%) abnormalities of the echo structure (39%) or @entity2 (17%) were detected by ultrasonography. Marked heterogeneity of the echo structure that was considered suggestive of chronic @entity5 was present in 81 subjects (15%). In 72 of these patients the serum anti- @entity7 levels were positive by a sensitive RIA. Thyroid nodules either solid or predominantly cystic were present in 90 subjects (17%). Eighteen @entity0 had a relatively large nodule (diameter 15-18 mm). Eleven of these nodules were missed at clinical examination. Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed in 14 @entity0 and 7 individuals underwent thyroid surgery. In 6 subjects the pathologic diagnosis was benign @entity6 and one @entity0 had a @entity1 . Thyroid function studies confirmed @entity3 in 27 @entity0 (4.9%), all of them with elevated serum anti- @entity7 autoantibodies levels. It was concluded that the overall occurrence of @entity2 is more common than suspected by clinical examination.

title: Prevalence of incidental @entity2 in a relatively low XXXX intake area.

answer: @entity4


abstract: An ultrasonographic survey of @entity2 was conducted in 547 consecutive apparently normal overweight subjects (380 females and 167 males), aged 27-58 years in an urban area with relatively low @entity4 intake (mean daily urinary @entity4 excretion: 10.6 micrograms/dL). Individuals with any previous @entity2 or familial thyroid pathology were excluded. In 240 subjects (44%) high resolution ultrasonography of the thyroid was considered normal. In 307 individuals (56%) abnormalities of the echo structure (39%) or @entity2 (17%) were detected by ultrasonography. Marked heterogeneity of the echo structure that was considered suggestive of chronic @entity5 was present in 81 subjects (15%). In 72 of these patients the serum anti- @entity7 levels were positive by a sensitive RIA. Thyroid nodules either solid or predominantly cystic were present in 90 subjects (17%). Eighteen @entity0 had a relatively large nodule (diameter 15-18 mm). Eleven of these nodules were missed at clinical examination. Fine needle aspiration cytology was performed in 14 @entity0 and 7 individuals underwent thyroid surgery. In 6 subjects the pathologic diagnosis was benign @entity6 and one @entity0 had a @entity1 . Thyroid function studies confirmed @entity3 in 27 @entity0 (4.9%), all of them with elevated serum anti- @entity7 autoantibodies levels. It was concluded that the overall occurrence of @entity2 is more common than suspected by clinical examination.

title: Prevalence of incidental XXXX in a relatively low @entity4 intake area.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Skin tests for neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are not currently recommended for the general population undergoing general anaesthesia. In a previous study we have reported a high incidence of positive @entity2 tests for NMBAs in @entity0 with a positive history of non-anaesthetic drug @entity2 , a larger prospective study being needed to confirm those preliminary results. The objective of this study was to compare the skin tests results for @entity0 with a positive history of antibiotic-induced immediate @entity1 reactions to those of controls without @entity1 . METHODS: Ninety eight @entity0 with previous antibiotic @entity1 and 72 controls were prospectively included. Skin tests were performed for @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity3 , and @entity4 . RESULTS: We found 65 positive skin tests from the 392 tests performed in @entity0 with a positive history of antibiotic @entity1 (1 6.58%) and 23 positive skin tests from the 288 performed in controls (7.98%), the two incidences showing significant statistical difference (p  =  0.0011). The relative risk for having a positive skin test for NMBAs for @entity0 versus controls was 1.77 (1.15-2.76). For @entity5 , skin tests were more often positive in @entity0 with a positive history of antibiotic @entity1 versus controls (p  =  0.02). For @entity6 , @entity3 and @entity4 the statistical difference was not attained (p-values 0.08 for @entity6 , 0.23 for @entity3 , and 0.26 for @entity4 ). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with a positive history of antibiotic @entity1 seem to have a higher incidence of positive skin tests for NMBAs. They might represent a group at higher risk for developing intraoperative anaphylaxis compared to the general population.

title: Antibiotic-induced immediate XXXX is a risk factor for positive @entity2 skin tests for neuromuscular blocking agents.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Skin tests for neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) are not currently recommended for the general population undergoing general anaesthesia. In a previous study we have reported a high incidence of positive @entity2 tests for NMBAs in @entity0 with a positive history of non-anaesthetic drug @entity2 , a larger prospective study being needed to confirm those preliminary results. The objective of this study was to compare the skin tests results for @entity0 with a positive history of antibiotic-induced immediate @entity1 reactions to those of controls without @entity1 . METHODS: Ninety eight @entity0 with previous antibiotic @entity1 and 72 controls were prospectively included. Skin tests were performed for @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity3 , and @entity4 . RESULTS: We found 65 positive skin tests from the 392 tests performed in @entity0 with a positive history of antibiotic @entity1 (1 6.58%) and 23 positive skin tests from the 288 performed in controls (7.98%), the two incidences showing significant statistical difference (p  =  0.0011). The relative risk for having a positive skin test for NMBAs for @entity0 versus controls was 1.77 (1.15-2.76). For @entity5 , skin tests were more often positive in @entity0 with a positive history of antibiotic @entity1 versus controls (p  =  0.02). For @entity6 , @entity3 and @entity4 the statistical difference was not attained (p-values 0.08 for @entity6 , 0.23 for @entity3 , and 0.26 for @entity4 ). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with a positive history of antibiotic @entity1 seem to have a higher incidence of positive skin tests for NMBAs. They might represent a group at higher risk for developing intraoperative anaphylaxis compared to the general population.

title: Antibiotic-induced immediate @entity1 is a risk factor for positive XXXX skin tests for neuromuscular blocking agents.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 are a known risk factor for skin breakdown and amputation, but the causes of deformity are not well understood. The purposes of this study were to determine the effects of intrinsic foot @entity4 and limited ankle joint mobility on the severity of @entity3 , and determine the relationships between these potential contributing factors and indicators of @entity6 ( @entity5 and advanced glycation end products). METHODS: A total of 34 @entity0 with @entity7 (average age, 59 years; range 41-73) were studied. MTPJ angle and intrinsic foot @entity4 were measured with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. Maximum ankle dorsiflexion was measured using kinematics. Skin intrinsic fluorescence served as a proxy measure for advanced glycation end product accumulation. RESULTS: Total forefoot lean muscle volume (r = -0.52, P < .01) and maximum ankle dorsiflexion (r = -0.42, P < .05) were correlated with severity of @entity3 . Together they explained 35% of the variance of MTPJ angle. @entity2 was correlated with forefoot @entity4 (   = 0.53, P < .01). Skin intrinsic fluorescence was correlated to severity of @entity2 (r = 0.50, P < .01) but not maximum ankle dorsiflexion, or forefoot deterioration when controlling for @entity2 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the interplay of intrinsic foot @entity4 and limited ankle mobility may be the primary contributor to the development of @entity3 . Identifying these muscle and ankle motion impairments as risk factors for @entity3 supports the need for targeted interventions early in the disease process to slow, or possibly stop the progression of deformity over time and reduce the risk of amputation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, case series.

title: Muscle and Joint Factors Associated With XXXX in the @entity1 Neuropathic Foot.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 are a known risk factor for skin breakdown and amputation, but the causes of deformity are not well understood. The purposes of this study were to determine the effects of intrinsic foot @entity4 and limited ankle joint mobility on the severity of @entity3 , and determine the relationships between these potential contributing factors and indicators of @entity6 ( @entity5 and advanced glycation end products). METHODS: A total of 34 @entity0 with @entity7 (average age, 59 years; range 41-73) were studied. MTPJ angle and intrinsic foot @entity4 were measured with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, respectively. Maximum ankle dorsiflexion was measured using kinematics. Skin intrinsic fluorescence served as a proxy measure for advanced glycation end product accumulation. RESULTS: Total forefoot lean muscle volume (r = -0.52, P < .01) and maximum ankle dorsiflexion (r = -0.42, P < .05) were correlated with severity of @entity3 . Together they explained 35% of the variance of MTPJ angle. @entity2 was correlated with forefoot @entity4 (   = 0.53, P < .01). Skin intrinsic fluorescence was correlated to severity of @entity2 (r = 0.50, P < .01) but not maximum ankle dorsiflexion, or forefoot deterioration when controlling for @entity2 . CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the interplay of intrinsic foot @entity4 and limited ankle mobility may be the primary contributor to the development of @entity3 . Identifying these muscle and ankle motion impairments as risk factors for @entity3 supports the need for targeted interventions early in the disease process to slow, or possibly stop the progression of deformity over time and reduce the risk of amputation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, case series.

title: Muscle and Joint Factors Associated With @entity3 in the XXXX Neuropathic Foot.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are common in paediatric @entity0 who are referred to @entity0 mental health services (CAMHS), but little is known about current referral practices. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate clinical features of paediatric inpatients with @entity1 referred to CAMHS and to describe why paediatricians referred them. METHODS: The study population comprised 60 @entity0 with @entity1 admitted to a large Danish paediatric department during 2012. We compared medical record data on the clinical characteristics and paediatric management of 16 @entity0 who had been referred and 44 @entity0 who had not. RESULTS: Most paediatric records lacked information on psychosocial factors and symptoms. Referred @entity0 were significantly more multi-symptomatic of @entity1 (p<0.01) than the controls, had longer symptom duration, underwent more clinical investigations, had longer paediatric admissions of at least two weeks and received more treatment elements before referral. The most frequently stated referral reason was inadequate treatment response. CONCLUSION: Paediatric inpatients with more severe @entity1 were more likely to be referred to CAMHS, but referral reasons were generally vague and psychosocial information was frequently missing. Clinical guidelines are needed to improve and systematise mental health referrals for @entity0 with @entity1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Clinical features of functional somatic symptoms in XXXX and referral patterns to @entity0 and adolescent mental health services.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are common in paediatric @entity0 who are referred to @entity0 mental health services (CAMHS), but little is known about current referral practices. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate clinical features of paediatric inpatients with @entity1 referred to CAMHS and to describe why paediatricians referred them. METHODS: The study population comprised 60 @entity0 with @entity1 admitted to a large Danish paediatric department during 2012. We compared medical record data on the clinical characteristics and paediatric management of 16 @entity0 who had been referred and 44 @entity0 who had not. RESULTS: Most paediatric records lacked information on psychosocial factors and symptoms. Referred @entity0 were significantly more multi-symptomatic of @entity1 (p<0.01) than the controls, had longer symptom duration, underwent more clinical investigations, had longer paediatric admissions of at least two weeks and received more treatment elements before referral. The most frequently stated referral reason was inadequate treatment response. CONCLUSION: Paediatric inpatients with more severe @entity1 were more likely to be referred to CAMHS, but referral reasons were generally vague and psychosocial information was frequently missing. Clinical guidelines are needed to improve and systematise mental health referrals for @entity0 with @entity1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Clinical features of functional somatic symptoms in @entity0 and referral patterns to XXXX and adolescent mental health services.

answer: @entity0


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Fructus Schisandrae is traditionally used as a liver-toning Chinese herb. Recent studies suggested Fructus Schisandrae could prevent high-fat diet-induced @entity9 as well as improving anti-oxidative status within the liver, which is a proposed mechanism against @entity12 -induced liver @entity2 . AIM: The aim of the present study was to determine if the combination use of @entity11 (AS) and Fructus Schisandrae aqueous extract (FSE) could (a) exert potent therapeutic effects not only on high-fat diet-induced @entity6 , but also on @entity5 (enlarge of liver size) and @entity9 ( @entity9 ); and (b) reduce side effects caused by intake of @entity12 alone including increased incidence of elevated liver enzymes and liver @entity2 in @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 5 groups of @entity1 that were given the following treatment for 8 weeks: (i) Normal-chow diet; (ii) High-fat diet (contains 21% fat and 0.15% @entity3 ); (iii) High-fat diet (contains 21% fat and 0.15% @entity3 )+0.3% @entity11 ; (iv) High-fat diet (contains 21% fat and 0.15% @entity3 )+0.45% FSE; (v) High-fat diet (contains 21% fat and 0.15% @entity3 )+0.3% @entity11 +0.45% FSE. After 8 weeks of treatment, body weight, adipose tissue and liver mass were measured, and liver and plasma lipid levels were determined to evaluate to effect of FSE with or without AS treatment on diet-induced @entity0 , @entity6 and @entity9 . Liver enzyme activities, anti-oxidative status and membrane permeability transition were also assessed to determine if FSE could reduce the side effects induced by AS. RESULTS: From the results, FSE treatment alone resulted in significant inhibitory effect on diet-induced increase in: a) body weight; b) fat pad mass (epididymal, perirenal and inguinal fat); c) liver weight; d) total liver lipid; e) liver @entity7 and @entity3 levels; and f) plasma lipid levels, suggesting FSE has a potential preventive beneficial effect on weight control and lipid metabolism in @entity1 with diet-induced @entity0 . However, FSE supplementation exerted no further beneficial effect on diet-induced @entity4 when it is combined with AS treatment, compared with @entity1 given AS-treatment alone. At the dose of 0.45%, dietary FSE supplementation resulted in: a) reduced liver enzymes (ALT and AST) levels; b) reduced macrophage infiltration ( @entity13 ); c) improved liver @entity10 levels (anti-oxidative status); d) reduced liver reactive oxidative species; e) a trend to reduce @entity8 -induced membrane permeability transition within the liver. Most importantly, these improvements induced by FSE treatment were not only observed in the livers of @entity1 given high-fat-diet, but also in high-fat-fed @entity1 with @entity11 -induced hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these data suggested FSE has a potential beneficial effect on weight control and lipid metabolism in @entity1 with diet-induced @entity0 , and the combination use of FSE with AS could significantly prevent liver @entity2 and anti-oxidative status induced by AS alone.

title: The hepatoprotective effect of the combination use of Fructus Schisandrae with XXXX - a preclinical evaluation.

answer: @entity12


abstract: AIMS: The technological properties of 22 @entity2 strains from traditional fermented Kedong sufu were evaluated in order to develop autochthonous starter cultures. METHODS AND RESULTS: The proteolytic, autolytic and lipolytic activity, salt tolerance, production and degradation of the biogenic @entity1 of 6 @entity2 , 9 Kocuria kristinae and 7 Kocuria rosea were evaluated. The results indicated that these @entity2 strains exhibited a certain technological diversity, and the results also indicated the best properties to be used in mixed starter cultures. Based on the above findings, two sets of autochthonous starters were formulated. Considering the physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics of sufu, the maturation period of sufu was shortened by 30 d. The profiles of free @entity0 and peptides partly revealed the mechanism of sensory quality and shorter ripening time of sufu manufactured using autochthonous mixed starters. Compared to back-slopping fermentation, sufu manufactured with selected autochthonous starter cultures exhibited lower levels of total biogenic @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The selected strains could be used as starter to avoid the accumulation of high concentrations of biogenic @entity1 while also maintaining typical sensory characteristics and preserving the autochthonous strains of the traditional Kedong sufu. The maturation times of Kedong sufu were shortened by 30 d with application of the autochthonous starter. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Autochthonous mixed starters can reduce the generation of biogenic @entity1 , speed up the sufu maturation process and preserve typical sensory quality. Furthermore, the rotation of two sets of mixed starter cultures can effectively resist phage attack during the production of sufu. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Evaluation of autochthonous XXXX strains as starter cultures for the production of Kedong sufu.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Exercise training has for many years been suggested as a useful adjunct to medical therapy for @entity0 with @entity2 . While its popularity amongst the general public continues to grow, limitations in our ability to assess its effects on the heart have meant that, as cardiologists, our desire to encourage this popular upsurge in physical activity has been tempered by our inability to provide convincing evidence of its value to our @entity0 . In particular the role of exercise in the rehabilitation of @entity0 with @entity3 is as yet unclear. This review addresses this question and states what has been proven to date and also the questions which remain to be answered. It also suggests some reasons why we have failed to provide answers so far, and ways in which new technology may be used in the future. Studies in animals, asymptomatic @entity0 , and @entity0 with @entity2 have demonstrated that training reduces the resting heart rate and double product of heart rate times blood pressure at any given level of exercise. This has the benefit of reducing myocardial @entity1 consumption during exercise. There is also evidence that it increases end-diastolic volume and left ventricular wall thickness. Evidence for an increase in maximal myocardial @entity1 consumption in angina is limited to one or two studies showing an improved maximum double product and to the occasional @entity0 proven by echocardiography or nuclear studies to increase ejection fraction by training. Better selection of @entity0 and use of new imaging techniques should provide further information in the near future.

title: Cardiac adaptations to training: relevance to XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We have discussed the importance of staging in making decisions about the type and extent of surgery and in determining prognosis, and at the same time have noted the remarkably poor accuracy of clinical staging. We have detailed the present and potential accuracy of MR imaging for assessing size and extent of @entity2 and its advantages compared to clinical and other (primarily CT) staging. The question that naturally arises is that if MR imaging is so good, why isn't it used more often? In a critical review of the use of CT for staging, Moore et al noted that "Ultimately, a diagnostic test can be considered useful only if it provides information leading to a change in therapy with @entity0 benefit." In a retrospective review of 246 @entity0 divided into those who did and those who did not undergo pretreatment CT, they found that only 8 @entity0 had improved survival from treatment modifications based on CT, while in the same group 8 @entity0 underwent additional surgical procedures because of CT findings that proved to be erroneous. They concluded that "Considering the high cost and limited benefit, CT for @entity2 staging is not recommended." Although this sort of critical outcome analysis has not yet been done for MR imaging, it is evident from our discussion that MR imaging has much to offer that CT does not, and that MR imaging can indeed provide information leading to a change in therapy. Unlike CT, MR imaging can measure accurately the size of the @entity2 , determine whether or not it is confined within the cervix, and determine extension to the vagina, parametrium, or myometrium. MR imaging even has advantages in assessing lymph node involvement and is particularly recommended when clinical @entity2 diameter approaches 3 cm, in which case the incidence of lymph node @entity1 approaches 50%. With rapid improvements in techniques and hardware, especially dedicated coils, fast acquisition pulse sequences, and dynamic enhancement methods, it can be expected that MR imaging will become even more accurate in identifying and staging disease. Given this, the question still remains as to why MR imaging is not used more in the work-up of @entity0 with @entity2 . In part this may be caused by na lack of awareness by clinicians of the advantages of MR imaging in this application. In part this may be caused by limited availability of MR imaging systems, although by now most midsized and probably all large hospitals have at least one MR imaging unit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Magnetic resonance imaging applications in uterine XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Spermatogenesis of 18 male @entity0 who underwent pelvic irradiation for @entity2 was assessed. All @entity0 had supplemental testicular shielding to limit the testicular dose. The total calculated gonadal dose ranged from 28 to 135 rad, delivered in 22 to 29 fractions, whereas the adjacent lymph nodes were treated to 3750-4500 rad. Sperm concentration of 20 million per ml or greater was considered fertile. @entity1 were considered subfertile. Whereas only one of six @entity0 (17%) was fertile when tested less than 18 months following pelvic radiotherapy, four of six (66%) were fertile when tested between 18 and 26 months following therapy. Seven of eight @entity0 (88%) were fertile when tested more than 26 mo following completion of treatment. The results are compared to other reports in the literature. Our data support the concept of a time-dependent recovery of spermatogenesis following irradiation. The observed relatively short duration of temporary sterilization should encourage the use of meticulous pelvic shielding, including supplemental testicular shielding to minimize the absorbed gonadal dose.

title: Recovery of spermatogenesis following pelvic irradiation for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) after radiotherapy for @entity9 ( @entity9 ) are rare, and no definite treatment has been established for distal @entity8 @entity7 . We describe a 61-year-old @entity0 who underwent Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) for left @entity9 . Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed partial regression of the @entity1 . Twelve years after GKS, he suffered from @entity4 . Initial angiogram showed no @entity3 ; second left vertebral angiogram, 10 days after admission, demonstrated a @entity7 in the lateral pontine segment of the left @entity8 . The proximal portion of the @entity8 was occluded by a coil. Postoperative MRI revealed an @entity5 on the left side of the pons and brachium pontis. Although the @entity0 suffered from mild @entity10 , he was discharged 1 month postoperatively requiring no assistance with activities of daily living. Twelve months later, he recovered satisfactorily with a modified Rankin Scale grade of 1, and no recanalization of the @entity2 was found on MR angiography. Endovascular parent artery occlusion for @entity6 at distal @entity8 carries the risk of @entity11 , but should be considered when no other option is available such as after radiotherapy for @entity9 .

title: Ruptured Pseudoaneurysm after Gamma Knife Surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the association between anthropometric factors, @entity1 during adulthood, and mammographic features among 1,435 @entity0 recruited at screening mammography. METHODS: Spearman's partial coefficients were used to evaluate the correlation of anthropometric factors with mammographic features (percent density, absolute dense area, and non-dense area). Multivariate generalized linear models were used to evaluate the associations between weight change categories and mammographic features. RESULTS: Body mass index was inversely correlated with percent density (r  =  -0.49, p  <  0.0001) or absolute dense area (r  =  -0.21, p  <  0.0001) and positively correlated with absolute non-dense area (r  =  0.69, p  <  0.0001). However, body mass index was positively correlated with absolute dense area when adjusting for absolute non-dense area (r  =  0.16, p  <  0.0001). Similar results were observed for weight, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio with mammographic features. Within increasing categories of weight change, percent density (p trend  <  0.0001) and absolute dense area (p trend  =  0.025) increased, while absolute non-dense area decreased (p trend  <  0.0001). After stratification by the median of non-dense area, the positive association between @entity1 and absolute dense area remained only among @entity0 with higher non-dense area. CONCLUSIONS: Adiposity seems positively associated with both dense and non-dense areas following adjustment for each other. Our findings suggest a higher breast dense area among @entity0 who gained weight and that a minimum of breast fat may be needed to promote the proliferation of this fibroglandular tissue.

title: Anthropometric factors, adult XXXX , and mammographic features.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the pattern of @entity2 treated at Mulago hospital with the new Chinese GWGP80 @entity4 -60 unit and to analyse its breakdowns, downtime and attempts at repairs during its first two years of operation and to assess its reliability and safety. DESIGN: A retrospective cross-sectional study. DATA SOURCE: This involved analysing data from the radiotherapy records book, the @entity1 's case notes and a "fault's Log book" which was opened on the day the machine was commissioned. All causes of non-performance were documented in this book and an assessment of the severity of breakdowns, period of downtime and repairs carried out was done. Faults requiring only a few minutes maintenance work or non-performance due to general power failure were however excluded. All @entity1 who had been treated earlier on the orthovoltage machine and were re-treated on the @entity4 unit were also excluded from the analysis. SETTING: Department of Radiotherapy, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. RESULTS: One thousand and forty eight new @entity1 were treated during this period. Three hundred and fifty nine were males and 689 were females. @entity2 was by far the commonest @entity2 seen (37.2%) followed by @entity3 (16.0%), @entity0 (13.8%) and @entity5 (10.5%). There were 47 machine faults. Most of these were relatively minor requiring only a few hours of maintenance work. Two of these faults were however major with downtime of more than a week. These were due to a failure of the "force back system" of the radioactive source necessitating it to be hammered back into the safe position. CONCLUSION: The Chinese GWGP80 @entity4 unit has effectively treated a large number of @entity2 @entity1 but the failures of the "force back system" of its radioactive source compromise its radiation safety and ideally would require a change in the engineering design to decrease on the associated radiation hazards.

title: Pattern and experience with @entity2 treated with the Chinese GWGP80 XXXX unit at Mulago Hospital, Kampala.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To review the pattern of @entity2 treated at Mulago hospital with the new Chinese GWGP80 @entity4 -60 unit and to analyse its breakdowns, downtime and attempts at repairs during its first two years of operation and to assess its reliability and safety. DESIGN: A retrospective cross-sectional study. DATA SOURCE: This involved analysing data from the radiotherapy records book, the @entity1 's case notes and a "fault's Log book" which was opened on the day the machine was commissioned. All causes of non-performance were documented in this book and an assessment of the severity of breakdowns, period of downtime and repairs carried out was done. Faults requiring only a few minutes maintenance work or non-performance due to general power failure were however excluded. All @entity1 who had been treated earlier on the orthovoltage machine and were re-treated on the @entity4 unit were also excluded from the analysis. SETTING: Department of Radiotherapy, Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. RESULTS: One thousand and forty eight new @entity1 were treated during this period. Three hundred and fifty nine were males and 689 were females. @entity2 was by far the commonest @entity2 seen (37.2%) followed by @entity3 (16.0%), @entity0 (13.8%) and @entity5 (10.5%). There were 47 machine faults. Most of these were relatively minor requiring only a few hours of maintenance work. Two of these faults were however major with downtime of more than a week. These were due to a failure of the "force back system" of the radioactive source necessitating it to be hammered back into the safe position. CONCLUSION: The Chinese GWGP80 @entity4 unit has effectively treated a large number of @entity2 @entity1 but the failures of the "force back system" of its radioactive source compromise its radiation safety and ideally would require a change in the engineering design to decrease on the associated radiation hazards.

title: Pattern and experience with XXXX treated with the Chinese GWGP80 @entity4 unit at Mulago Hospital, Kampala.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Polymorphous low-grade @entity2 (PLGA) is a rare @entity1 that usually arises in the minor salivary glands. Growth factors are cell-secreted peptides that regulate biological processes such as growth, proliferation, and differentiation. In @entity1 , immunoexpression of growth factors and their receptors is associated with cell proliferation, @entity0 . This study analyzed the expression of growth factors and receptors in PLGA, in other to better understand the mechanisms involved in the process of neoplastic cell proliferation and @entity1 progression. METHODS: The expression of growth factors @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity7 and receptors @entity8 , @entity9 , @entity5 , and @entity3 was analyzed in 24 PLGA samples in comparison with normal salivary glands, by immunohistochemistry. A semi-quantitative analysis determined cell positivity in all stained sections. Scores were assigned according to percentage of reactive cells: score 0 < 10%; score 1-10 to 25%; score 2-25% to 50%; score 3->50%. The level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: Most of the growth factors and receptors, apart from @entity9 , were significantly reactive in PLGA. Comparing to salivary acini, all of the reactive growth factors and receptors were significantly stronger in PLGA. Comparing to salivary ducts, the expression of @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity8 , and @entity3 was significantly stronger in the nuclei and/or cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells. CONCLUSIONS: The increased expression of the growth factors and receptors in the PLGA, compared to normal salivary glands, may be related to cell proliferation, somehow participating in the oncogenic process.

title: Immunoexpression of growth factors and receptors in polymorphous low-grade XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity1 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity2 and gp41 mediate entry and are the targets for neutralizing antibodies. Within gp41, a continuous epitope defined by the broadly neutralizing antibody 2F5, is one of the few conserved sites accessible to antibodies on the functional @entity0 @entity2 spike. Recently, as an initial attempt at structure-guided design, we transplanted the 2F5 epitope onto several non- @entity0 acceptor scaffold proteins that we termed epitope scaffolds (ES). As immunogens, these ES proteins elicited antibodies with exquisite binding specificity matching that of the 2F5 antibody. These novel 2F5 epitope scaffolds presented us with the opportunity to test heterologous prime:boost immunization strategies to selectively boost antibody responses against the engrafted gp41 2F5 epitope. Such strategies might be employed to target conserved but poorly immunogenic sites on the @entity1 @entity2 , and, more generally, other structurally defined pathogen targets. Here, we assessed ES prime:boosting by measuring epitope specific serum antibody titers by ELISA and B cell responses by ELISpot analysis using both free 2F5 peptide and an unrelated ES protein as probes. We found that the heterologous ES prime:boosting immunization regimen elicits cross-reactive humoral responses to the structurally constrained 2F5 epitope target, and that incorporating a promiscuous T cell helper epitope in the immunogens resulted in higher antibody titers against the 2F5 graft, but did not result in virus neutralization. Interestingly, two epitope scaffolds ( @entity3 and @entity4 ), which did not elicit a detectable 2F5 epitope-specific response on their own, boosted such responses when primed with the ES5. Together, these results indicate that heterologous ES prime:boost immunization regimens effectively focus the humoral immune response on the structurally defined and immunogen-conserved @entity1 2F5 epitope.

title: Heterologous epitope-scaffold prime:boosting immuno-focuses B cell responses to the XXXX gp41 2F5 neutralization determinant.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The experience with interferon-alpha in @entity2 resembles, to some degree, the experience with various kinds of adjuvant immunotherapeutic agents where 25 years of phase III trials of adjuvant therapy in stage II-IIII @entity2 have not defined a standard therapy. Most trials failed to demonstrate an impact on disease-free survival and overall survival. Currently, data from 12 randomized interferon-alpha trials are available. The data in almost 3000 @entity0 , approximately 50% of the total @entity0 population, is immature and thus, inconclusive. Mature trials show that interferon-alpha significantly prolongs disease-free survival, but does not prolong overall survival, across different dose levels. Ultra-low-dose (1 MIU flat dose), interferon-alpha failed to even have an effect on disease-free survival. Although two trials with high-dose (10-20 MIU/m(2)) interferon-alpha have shown an impact on overall survival, these data are inconclusive since this impact was transient, inconsistent in subsequent trials, and the data was somewhat immature. Inconsistent results have also been observed for intermediate- (5-10 MIU flat dose) and low-dose (3 MIU flat dose) interferon-alpha regimens. The results, overall, suggest that these doses do have an impact on disease-free survival, but not on overall survival. Preliminary results regarding distant metastasis-free survival (the closest surrogate for overall survival available) of the very large European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity1 (EORTC) 18952 trial suggests that there is a benefit with long-term low intermediate doses and support the anti-angiogenic concept of long-term maintenance treatment with interferon-alpha. The efficacy of short-term high-dose and long-term intermediate-dose treatment is being investigated in new trials. For now the role of interferon-alpha still remains to be determined and its use should be restricted to the setting of clinical trials.

title: Does adjuvant systemic therapy with interferon-alpha for stage II-III XXXX prolong survival?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Twenty-four male and eight female 1-year-old @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were observed for social interaction with other yearlings and with their mothers. The males comprised three groups which differed in the level of neonatal @entity3 exposure. One group received the @entity5 antagonist Antide during their first four neonatal months (Antide n = 8), which suppressed pituitary LH secretion resulting in peak neonatal T levels < 0.7 nmol/liter. A second group received Antide treatment combined with a long-lasting @entity2 replacement (Ant/And n = 8), which resulted in peak neonatal T levels of 29.1 +/- 3.8 nmol/liter. The third group (Vehicle n = 8) received the Antide and @entity3 vehicles and had intermediate peak T levels of 5.2 +/- 1.0 nmol/liter. Behavior of males was compared to that of unmanipulated control females living in the same social group (Control Female n = 8) when @entity3 levels were uniformly low (< 0.7 nmol/liter) in all male groups. Subjects received 12 weekly 30-min focal observations by an observer blind to the neonatal treatments. Marked sex differences were found in several categories of sociosexual behavior. All three groups of males engaged in significantly more sexual and play behavior than females, with the exception of quiet solitary play, which females exhibited significantly more frequently In addition, females exhibited significantly more interest in @entity0 than did any male group. There were no differences between groups in agonistic behavior or time spent in contact with other individuals, but females spent significantly more time than any male group in proximity to other animals. Both females and Antide males initiated proximity and followed animals significantly more frequently than Ant/And males, but not Vehicle males. Proximity durations with mothers initiated and terminated by yearlings were longer for females than for any male group and for Antide males than for Ant/and males. Antide males were groomed significantly longer than any other group. These results demonstrate effects of neonatal @entity2 exposure on social behavior in yearling rhesus. @entity4 did not affect sexually dimorphic patterns of play and @entity1 , but altered the character of interactions with their mothers. Whether this reflects a delay in the development of maternal independence or a fundamental alteration in patterns of social interaction remains to be resolved.

title: Effects of neonatal testicular suppression with a GnRH antagonist on social behavior in group-living juvenile XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate effect and safty evaluation of stellate ganglion catheter retention with discontinuous block on @entity4 . METHOD: One hundred and twenty-six patiens with @entity4 were randomly divided into Catheterp and block and control groups with 42 cases in each group. All @entity0 ' throats were given conventional blood activating drugs, hormone and hyperbaric @entity1 therapy. stellate ganglion puncture retained catheter were administrated to the @entity0 in catheter group followed by @entity2 block 1 times/day, block group stellate ganglion puncture and @entity2 block 1 times/day. The @entity0 in control group were only received routine comprehensive treatment. @entity0 in both catheter group and block groups were treated by hyperbaric @entity1 therapy after the block treatment. Curative effects of three groups were observed. The @entity0 ' satisfaction, heart rate, the chages of blood pressure before and after the block, @entity3 , and adverse drug reaction were recorded. RESULT: The effect of the treatment in both catheter group, block group was better than in control group (85.7%, 37 cases); 83.3%, 35 cases) vs 64.3%, 27 cases, P < 0.05). The satisfactory rate in the @entity0 in catheter group was significantly higher than block group (83.3%, 35 cases vs 61.9%, 26 cases, P < 0.05). The heart rate and the blood pressure before and 5 minutes after catheterization in catheter group and block groupwere changed obviously. Moreover, no adverse drug reaction and @entity3 were observed. CONCLUSION: It is a safe and effective administration of stellate ganglion catheter retention with interrupted @entity2 block.

title: [Stellate ganglion catheter retention with discontinuous block on efficacy and safety in the treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: We studied the use of video-assisted thoracoscopic (VAT) surgery in the management of @entity1 . From September 1993 to March 1994, we performed a total of 11 VAT wedge resections of pulmonary @entity1 in seven @entity0 (six males, one female, age 12 to 46 years). Three @entity0 had bilateral procedures performed either under the same anaesthesia or in stages. One @entity0 had two operations on the same side. The average number of nodules excised was three. Two @entity0 subsequently required formal lobectomies when the @entity2 were either too big or too close to the hilum for safe wedge resections. There was one death on postoperative day 3 due to @entity3 . One @entity0 died 5 months later from a progression of his underlying disease. Two @entity0 remained disease free up to 8 and 12 months, respectively, from their first operations. The average postoperative chest drain duration was 1.4 +/- 0.7 days and hospital stay 2.3 +/- 1.1 days. The procedure was well tolerated and postoperative morbidity was minimal. We conclude that although VAT wedge resection of pulmonary @entity1 is feasible technically and is associated with a short hospital stay and minimal morbidity, this approach cannot be recommended when complete resection of all @entity1 is the goal as the technique relies heavily on computed tomographic scans to detect nodules. Recurrence of @entity1 from 4 to 6 months in three of seven @entity0 argues against VAT surgery being an adequate procedure. The high cost of the staplers, in addition, is a secondary consideration.

title: Video-assisted thoracoscopic wedge resections of pulmonary XXXX : should it be performed?

answer: @entity1


abstract: A total of six @entity0 with cutaneous @entity2 involving the head and neck were treated during the period 1985-1994. The distribution of sites between the scalp and the rest of the head and neck was equal. Initial local treatment involved surgery for four @entity0 and radiotherapy for two @entity0 . In the surgical group, following seemingly adequate macroscopic surgical excision, all four @entity0 had inadequate surgical margins on histology. Five of six @entity0 had disease recurrence within the head and neck and of these a further three went on to have a second episode of recurrence. Median time to recurrence was 8 months. All cases were misdiagnosed clinically at initial presentation and three of six had initial inconclusive histology. @entity2 of the head and neck is an aggressive @entity1 . Radiotherapy offers the only real chance of obtaining adequate local control even if surgical excision is carried out. Radiotherapy must encompass wide fields and whole scalp irradiation is mandatory for scalp lesions. A combination of laterally opposed photon and electron fields provides a simple, quick and effective means to deliver a tumoricidal dose of 50 Gy to the whole scalp with minimal irradiation of the underlying brain.

title: Treatment of cutaneous XXXX of the head and neck.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The canonical Wnt/b-catenin pathway is a key regulator of body plan organization and @entity0 formation in metazoans, being involved in germ layer specification, posterior growth and patterning of the anteroposterior @entity0 . Results from animals spanning a wide phylogenetic range suggest that a unifying function of b-catenin in metazoans is to define the posterior/vegetal part of the embryo. Although the specification of vegetal territories (endoderm) by b-catenin has been demonstrated in distantly related animals (cnidarians, a protostome, echinoderms and ascidians), the definition of the posterior part of the embryo is well supported only for vertebrates and planarians. To gain insights into b-catenin functions during deuterostome evolution, we have studied the early development of the direct developing hemichordate @entity3 . We show that the zygote is polarized after fertilization along the @entity2 by cytoplasmic rearrangements resembling the @entity1 . This early asymmetry is translated into nuclear accumulation of b-catenin at the vegetal pole, which is necessary and sufficient to specify endomesoderm. We show that endomesoderm specification is crucial for anteroposterior @entity0 establishment in the ectoderm. The endomesoderm secretes as yet unidentified signals that posteriorize the ectoderm, which would otherwise adopt an anterior fate. Our results point to a conserved function at the base of deuterostomes for b-catenin in germ layer specification and to a causal link in the definition of the posterior part of the embryonic ectoderm by way of activating posteriorizing endomesodermal factors. Consequently, the definition of the vegetal and the posterior regions of the embryo by b-catenin should be distinguished and carefully re-examined.

title: b-catenin specifies the endomesoderm and defines the posterior organizer of the hemichordate XXXX .

answer: @entity3