abstract: BACKGROUND: Pediatric pneumococcal parapneumonic @entity5 ( @entity7 ) has become increasingly common. In the last decade, Utah has had one of the highest rates of @entity7 in the United States, 14/100,000 @entity0 , attributed primarily to @entity2 serotype 1. Our objective was to describe the temporal trends in @entity7 in Utah before and after the availability of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine ( @entity3 -7). METHODS: The Intermountain Health Care (IHC) data warehouse was queried for all cases of @entity5 in @entity0 younger than 18 years, defined as International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision, Clinical Modification code 510.9, for the study period March 1996-June 2005. We also retrieved and serotyped all blood and pleural fluid isolates of @entity4 from @entity0 younger than 18 years with a diagnosis of @entity7 at Primary @entity0 's Medical Center (PCMC) between March 1996 and June 2005. The pre- @entity3 -7 period (PRE) included 57 months (March 1996-December 2000) and the post- @entity3 -7 period (POST) included 54 months (January 2001-June 2005). RESULTS: We identified 776 cases of pediatric @entity5 in the IHC system, and 478 (62%) were managed at PCMC. In the years 1996-2000, we managed a mean of 38 cases of @entity5 per year compared with 71.5 cases per year between 2001 and 2004 (P = 0.006). At PCMC, there were 295 cases of invasive @entity1 (IPD), and 74 (25%) were @entity7 . During the PRE period, @entity7 represented 24 of 137 (17.5%) cases of IPD compared with 50 of 158 (32%) in the POST period (P = 0.008). One-half of the @entity0 with @entity7 required intensive care and 4 died. During the PRE and POST periods, @entity7 was most often caused by serotype 1 (46 and 34%, respectively), but in the POST period serogroups 3 (20%), and @entity6 (14%) were also prevalent. @entity7 in @entity3 -7-immunized @entity0 was caused exclusively by nonvaccine serotypes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 in the post- @entity3 -7 era is more common, representing one-third of the IPD in @entity0 in UT. @entity7 is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Serotype 1 remains the most common cause of @entity7 , but serotypes 3 and @entity6 are emerging.

title: Impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on pneumococcal parapneumonic XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that hyperfibrinogenemia is an independent risk factor for @entity6 . However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied whether hyperfibrinogenemia could modify the histological composition of @entity6 and precipitate @entity5 resulting from @entity4 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied the histological composition of 71 carotid @entity6 plaques from @entity0 who had undergone surgical endarterectomy after a first episode of transient @entity2 attack. @entity0 were divided into 3 groups corresponding to the tertiles of plasma @entity8 values. @entity7 , @entity9 , @entity3 , @entity1 , and smoking habit were also assessed. At the histological analysis, plaques of @entity0 in the highest tertile of @entity8 (>407 mg/dL) were characterized by a high incidence of @entity5 (66.7% of cases) compared with plaques of subjects in the lower (21.7%) (P=0.002) and middle (29. 2%) (P=0.009) tertiles. @entity4 was significantly associated with high @entity8 levels (54.2%, P=0.003). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that hyperfibrinogenemia was an independent risk factor for a decrease in cap thickness (P=0.0005), macrophage foam cell infiltration of the cap (P=0.003), and @entity5 (P=0. 003). When the presence of other risk factors was accounted for, hyperfibrinogenemia remained an independent predictor of @entity5 with an odds ratio of 5.83, compared with other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study add to the evidence that hyperfibrinogenemia, independently of other risk factors, is associated with a specific histological composition of carotid @entity6 plaques that predisposes them to rupture and @entity5 .

title: Hyperfibrinogenemia is associated with specific histocytological composition and complications of XXXX carotid plaques in @entity0 affected by transient @entity2 attacks.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that hyperfibrinogenemia is an independent risk factor for @entity6 . However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied whether hyperfibrinogenemia could modify the histological composition of @entity6 and precipitate @entity5 resulting from @entity4 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied the histological composition of 71 carotid @entity6 plaques from @entity0 who had undergone surgical endarterectomy after a first episode of transient @entity2 attack. @entity0 were divided into 3 groups corresponding to the tertiles of plasma @entity8 values. @entity7 , @entity9 , @entity3 , @entity1 , and smoking habit were also assessed. At the histological analysis, plaques of @entity0 in the highest tertile of @entity8 (>407 mg/dL) were characterized by a high incidence of @entity5 (66.7% of cases) compared with plaques of subjects in the lower (21.7%) (P=0.002) and middle (29. 2%) (P=0.009) tertiles. @entity4 was significantly associated with high @entity8 levels (54.2%, P=0.003). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that hyperfibrinogenemia was an independent risk factor for a decrease in cap thickness (P=0.0005), macrophage foam cell infiltration of the cap (P=0.003), and @entity5 (P=0. 003). When the presence of other risk factors was accounted for, hyperfibrinogenemia remained an independent predictor of @entity5 with an odds ratio of 5.83, compared with other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study add to the evidence that hyperfibrinogenemia, independently of other risk factors, is associated with a specific histological composition of carotid @entity6 plaques that predisposes them to rupture and @entity5 .

title: Hyperfibrinogenemia is associated with specific histocytological composition and complications of @entity6 carotid plaques in @entity0 affected by transient XXXX attacks.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that hyperfibrinogenemia is an independent risk factor for @entity6 . However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied whether hyperfibrinogenemia could modify the histological composition of @entity6 and precipitate @entity5 resulting from @entity4 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied the histological composition of 71 carotid @entity6 plaques from @entity0 who had undergone surgical endarterectomy after a first episode of transient @entity2 attack. @entity0 were divided into 3 groups corresponding to the tertiles of plasma @entity8 values. @entity7 , @entity9 , @entity3 , @entity1 , and smoking habit were also assessed. At the histological analysis, plaques of @entity0 in the highest tertile of @entity8 (>407 mg/dL) were characterized by a high incidence of @entity5 (66.7% of cases) compared with plaques of subjects in the lower (21.7%) (P=0.002) and middle (29. 2%) (P=0.009) tertiles. @entity4 was significantly associated with high @entity8 levels (54.2%, P=0.003). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that hyperfibrinogenemia was an independent risk factor for a decrease in cap thickness (P=0.0005), macrophage foam cell infiltration of the cap (P=0.003), and @entity5 (P=0. 003). When the presence of other risk factors was accounted for, hyperfibrinogenemia remained an independent predictor of @entity5 with an odds ratio of 5.83, compared with other risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study add to the evidence that hyperfibrinogenemia, independently of other risk factors, is associated with a specific histological composition of carotid @entity6 plaques that predisposes them to rupture and @entity5 .

title: Hyperfibrinogenemia is associated with specific histocytological composition and complications of @entity6 carotid plaques in XXXX affected by transient @entity2 attacks.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To investigate the protective effect of @entity5 ( @entity6 ) on the immune function of dendritic cells (DCs) after ultraviolet B irradiation (UVB) and its underlying mechanisms. METHODS: The monocytes were isolated from peripheral blood and cultivated into DCs with cytokines, such as @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity7 . DCs were harvested after cultivation for 7 days and subjected to irradiation with different dosages of UVB. Then, 200 microg/mL of @entity6 was added in certain groups 24 h before irradiation. DCs simply treated with UVB or treated with both UVB and @entity6 were co-cultured with lymphocytes, and Mono-nuclear cell direct cytotoxicity ( @entity0 ) assay was used to detect the ability of DCs to stimulate proliferation of lymphocytes. Surface markers @entity9 , @entity4 , human @entity8 (HLA-DR), and @entity3 were detected using flow cytometry, and the levels of @entity1 and IL-12 secreted from DCs 24 h after cultivation were measured using ELISA. RESULTS: UVB irradiation was able to inhibit the ability of DCs to stimulate the proliferation of lymphocytes and surface expressions of @entity9 , @entity4 , HLA-DR, and @entity3 on DCs in a dose-dependent manner. The inhibition rate of DCs was improved to some extent after treatment with 200 microg/mL of @entity6 . UVB showed no significant influence on the secretion of @entity1 and IL-12 from DCs, while @entity6 was able to down-regulate the secretion level of IL-12 and up-regulate that of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 can antagonize the inhibitory effect on DCs induced by UVB irradiation. This function has some relationship with its protecting effect of the expression of the costimulating molecules on the surface of DCs and the secretion level of @entity1 and IL-12.

title: Protective effect of XXXX on the immune function of dendritic cells after ultraviolet B irradiation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: A proportion of @entity0 with mental health problems require longer term care in a @entity1 or social care institution. However, there are no internationally agreed quality standards for institutional care and no method to assess common care standards across countries. We aimed to identify the key components of institutional care for @entity0 with longer term mental health problems and the effectiveness of these components. METHODS: We undertook a systematic review of the literature using comprehensive search terms in 11 electronic databases and identified 12,182 titles. We viewed 550 abstracts, reviewed 223 papers and included 110 of these. A "critical interpretative synthesis" of the evidence was used to identify domains of institutional care that are key to service users' recovery. RESULTS: We identified eight domains of institutional care that were key to service users' recovery: living conditions; interventions for @entity2 ; physical health; restraint and seclusion; staff training and support; therapeutic relationship; autonomy and service user involvement; and clinical governance. Evidence was strongest for specific interventions for the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity3 , cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and vocational rehabilitation). CONCLUSION: Institutions should, ideally, be community based, operate a flexible regime, maintain a low density of residents and maximise residents' privacy. For service users with a diagnosis of @entity2 , specific interventions (CBT, family interventions involving psychoeducation, and supported employment) should be provided through integrated programmes. Restraint and seclusion should be avoided wherever possible and staff should have adequate training in de-escalation techniques. Regular staff supervision should be provided and this should support service user involvement in decision making and positive therapeutic relationships between staff and service users. There should be clear lines of clinical governance that ensure adherence to evidence-based guidelines and attention should be paid to service users' physical health through regular screening.

title: A systematic review of the international published literature relating to quality of institutional care for XXXX with longer term mental health problems.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many @entity0 with @entity2 have severe @entity1 that hamper their activities. The effect of pharmacological and behavioural interventions on cognitive functioning has been demonstrated, but even after successful intervention considerable impairments can remain. Therefore, we sought for alternative ways to help @entity0 cope with the effects of their @entity1 . In the present study, we have evaluated the efficacy of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) text messages to compensate for the effects of @entity1 in @entity2 in daily life. DESIGN: A waiting list controlled trial was conducted: @entity0 were quasi-randomly assigned to an A-B-A (baseline-intervention-follow-up) condition or an A-A-B-A condition that included an additional 7-week waiting list. The waiting list was included to control for the effect of time on relevant outcome. METHOD: Sixty-two @entity0 with @entity2 or related @entity4 were included in the study. All @entity0 showed impaired goal-directed behaviour in daily life-situations. @entity0 were prompted with @entity3 text messages to improve their everyday functioning. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of goals achieved. RESULTS: The overall percentage of goals achieved increased with prompting, while performance dropped to baseline level after withdrawing the prompts. Keeping appointments with mental health workers and carrying out leisure activities increased with prompting, while medication adherence and attendance at training sessions remained unchanged. A majority of the @entity0 enjoyed receiving the @entity3 text messages. DISCUSSION: Prompting can significantly improve achievement of a number of relevant goals. For other goals, combining prompting with interventions that enhance motivation seems indicated.

title: The efficacy of XXXX text messages to compensate for the effects of @entity1 in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many @entity0 with @entity2 have severe @entity1 that hamper their activities. The effect of pharmacological and behavioural interventions on cognitive functioning has been demonstrated, but even after successful intervention considerable impairments can remain. Therefore, we sought for alternative ways to help @entity0 cope with the effects of their @entity1 . In the present study, we have evaluated the efficacy of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) text messages to compensate for the effects of @entity1 in @entity2 in daily life. DESIGN: A waiting list controlled trial was conducted: @entity0 were quasi-randomly assigned to an A-B-A (baseline-intervention-follow-up) condition or an A-A-B-A condition that included an additional 7-week waiting list. The waiting list was included to control for the effect of time on relevant outcome. METHOD: Sixty-two @entity0 with @entity2 or related @entity4 were included in the study. All @entity0 showed impaired goal-directed behaviour in daily life-situations. @entity0 were prompted with @entity3 text messages to improve their everyday functioning. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of goals achieved. RESULTS: The overall percentage of goals achieved increased with prompting, while performance dropped to baseline level after withdrawing the prompts. Keeping appointments with mental health workers and carrying out leisure activities increased with prompting, while medication adherence and attendance at training sessions remained unchanged. A majority of the @entity0 enjoyed receiving the @entity3 text messages. DISCUSSION: Prompting can significantly improve achievement of a number of relevant goals. For other goals, combining prompting with interventions that enhance motivation seems indicated.

title: The efficacy of @entity3 text messages to compensate for the effects of @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many @entity0 with @entity2 have severe @entity1 that hamper their activities. The effect of pharmacological and behavioural interventions on cognitive functioning has been demonstrated, but even after successful intervention considerable impairments can remain. Therefore, we sought for alternative ways to help @entity0 cope with the effects of their @entity1 . In the present study, we have evaluated the efficacy of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) text messages to compensate for the effects of @entity1 in @entity2 in daily life. DESIGN: A waiting list controlled trial was conducted: @entity0 were quasi-randomly assigned to an A-B-A (baseline-intervention-follow-up) condition or an A-A-B-A condition that included an additional 7-week waiting list. The waiting list was included to control for the effect of time on relevant outcome. METHOD: Sixty-two @entity0 with @entity2 or related @entity4 were included in the study. All @entity0 showed impaired goal-directed behaviour in daily life-situations. @entity0 were prompted with @entity3 text messages to improve their everyday functioning. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of goals achieved. RESULTS: The overall percentage of goals achieved increased with prompting, while performance dropped to baseline level after withdrawing the prompts. Keeping appointments with mental health workers and carrying out leisure activities increased with prompting, while medication adherence and attendance at training sessions remained unchanged. A majority of the @entity0 enjoyed receiving the @entity3 text messages. DISCUSSION: Prompting can significantly improve achievement of a number of relevant goals. For other goals, combining prompting with interventions that enhance motivation seems indicated.

title: The efficacy of @entity3 text messages to compensate for the effects of XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Different studies considered the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of @entity5 in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), suggesting different pathways. The present 3-year follow-up study evaluated the relationships between psychopathological variables, and objective and subjective @entity5 in the two syndromes. METHODS: 85 @entity3 and 133 @entity4 @entity0 were studied. Objective and subjective @entity5 , and psychopathological data were collected in a face-to-face interview, and by means of different self-reported questionnaires. The same assessment was repeated at baseline (T0), at the end of an individual cognitive-behavioral treatment (T1), and 3 years after the end of treatment (T2). RESULTS: At baseline, @entity3 and @entity4 @entity0 showed different emotions associated with @entity5 : anger/frustration for @entity3 and @entity2 for @entity4 @entity0 . Objective @entity5 frequency reduction across time was associated with lower impulsivity and shape concern in @entity3 @entity0 , and with lower emotional eating and @entity2 in @entity4 @entity0 . Lower subjective @entity5 frequency at baseline predicted recovery, in both @entity3 and @entity4 @entity0 . Recovery was associated with lower impulsivity and body shape concern at baseline for @entity3 @entity0 , and lower @entity2 and emotional eating for @entity4 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Eating psychopathology, @entity1 comorbidity, impulsivity and emotional eating have a different pattern of association with objective and subjective @entity5 in @entity3 and @entity4 @entity0 , and they act as different moderators of treatment. A different target of intervention for these two syndromes might be taken into account, and subjective @entity5 deserves an accurate assessment.

title: Different moderators of cognitive-behavioral therapy on subjective and objective @entity5 in @entity3 and XXXX : a three-year follow-up study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Different studies considered the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of @entity5 in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), suggesting different pathways. The present 3-year follow-up study evaluated the relationships between psychopathological variables, and objective and subjective @entity5 in the two syndromes. METHODS: 85 @entity3 and 133 @entity4 @entity0 were studied. Objective and subjective @entity5 , and psychopathological data were collected in a face-to-face interview, and by means of different self-reported questionnaires. The same assessment was repeated at baseline (T0), at the end of an individual cognitive-behavioral treatment (T1), and 3 years after the end of treatment (T2). RESULTS: At baseline, @entity3 and @entity4 @entity0 showed different emotions associated with @entity5 : anger/frustration for @entity3 and @entity2 for @entity4 @entity0 . Objective @entity5 frequency reduction across time was associated with lower impulsivity and shape concern in @entity3 @entity0 , and with lower emotional eating and @entity2 in @entity4 @entity0 . Lower subjective @entity5 frequency at baseline predicted recovery, in both @entity3 and @entity4 @entity0 . Recovery was associated with lower impulsivity and body shape concern at baseline for @entity3 @entity0 , and lower @entity2 and emotional eating for @entity4 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Eating psychopathology, @entity1 comorbidity, impulsivity and emotional eating have a different pattern of association with objective and subjective @entity5 in @entity3 and @entity4 @entity0 , and they act as different moderators of treatment. A different target of intervention for these two syndromes might be taken into account, and subjective @entity5 deserves an accurate assessment.

title: Different moderators of cognitive-behavioral therapy on subjective and objective XXXX in @entity3 and @entity4 : a three-year follow-up study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Different studies considered the mechanisms involved in the maintenance of @entity5 in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), suggesting different pathways. The present 3-year follow-up study evaluated the relationships between psychopathological variables, and objective and subjective @entity5 in the two syndromes. METHODS: 85 @entity3 and 133 @entity4 @entity0 were studied. Objective and subjective @entity5 , and psychopathological data were collected in a face-to-face interview, and by means of different self-reported questionnaires. The same assessment was repeated at baseline (T0), at the end of an individual cognitive-behavioral treatment (T1), and 3 years after the end of treatment (T2). RESULTS: At baseline, @entity3 and @entity4 @entity0 showed different emotions associated with @entity5 : anger/frustration for @entity3 and @entity2 for @entity4 @entity0 . Objective @entity5 frequency reduction across time was associated with lower impulsivity and shape concern in @entity3 @entity0 , and with lower emotional eating and @entity2 in @entity4 @entity0 . Lower subjective @entity5 frequency at baseline predicted recovery, in both @entity3 and @entity4 @entity0 . Recovery was associated with lower impulsivity and body shape concern at baseline for @entity3 @entity0 , and lower @entity2 and emotional eating for @entity4 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Eating psychopathology, @entity1 comorbidity, impulsivity and emotional eating have a different pattern of association with objective and subjective @entity5 in @entity3 and @entity4 @entity0 , and they act as different moderators of treatment. A different target of intervention for these two syndromes might be taken into account, and subjective @entity5 deserves an accurate assessment.

title: Different moderators of cognitive-behavioral therapy on subjective and objective @entity5 in XXXX and @entity4 : a three-year follow-up study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. The full number of erythroid cells in the blood stream of the @entity0 is reached by the 3rd week of life. 2. During this period, there is a predominance of erythrogenesis in the bone marrow. 3. During the 2nd week of life the bone marrow is in a state of @entity1 owing to the needs of the body for blood and the small space available for the marrow. 4. This @entity1 is reduced as the growth of the bone permits the marrow to spread. The control of the growth of the bones has an important bearing on hematopoiesis. 5. During the first 3 weeks of life, the chemical factors for the multiplication of red cells as well as for the elaboration of hemoglobin become available. 6. The amount of hemoglobin does not increase as rapidly as the number of cells, so that the @entity2 of the fetus becomes reduced. The proportion of hemoglobin per red cell characteristic of the adult @entity0 is reached by the 3rd month. 7. Further evidence on the intravascular origin of red blood cells is given. 8. The development of all of the white blood cells, with the exception of the monocyte, goes on at a slower rate than that of the red cells. 9. The monocytes reach their full number in the blood stream in the 1st week of life; granulocytes and lymphocytes by the 5th and 6th months. 10. Each of the three strains of white cells has a different rate of development. 11. The question as to whether the stem cell or primitive cell is identical with the lymphocyte is discussed.

title: CHANGES IN THE BONE MARROW AND BLOOD CELLS OF DEVELOPING XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: Anopexy allows treatment of @entity3 with a less @entity2 . This information is important for the @entity0 , but may lead to dissatisfaction if @entity1 level is higher than expected. To evaluate perceived @entity1 and physical limitation levels in relation to @entity0 's expectation. Evaluate long-term functional results. RESULTS: Sixty-eight consecutive @entity0 (56 males) were prospectively included. Distribution of haemorrhoid grades were 4 grade 2 (6%), 52 grade 3 (76%) and 12 grade 4 (18%). @entity2 level was less or equal than expected for 85% of @entity0 , with a better acceptance superior to 45 years. Physical limitation was equally or less important than expected for 89%. At the 32 weeks follow-up @entity3 were present in 23%, uninfluenced by any @entity0 's or operative characteristics. Incontinence with urgency was reported by 17%. Presence of an alliterated continence was linked to stapled line inferior to 6,5 mm from pectineate line, doughnut height inferior to 22 mm, external @entity3 and related to surgeon. CONCLUSION: Pragmatic information, although vague, about @entity2 does not expose to @entity0 's dissatisfaction. Functional results are not influenced by technical variation. Continence alterations are not severe, but frequent when stapled line is too close from pectineate line.

title: [ XXXX and long-term results after hemorrhoidal treatment with anopexy].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Individual clinical trials have demonstrated benefits of @entity2 in @entity0 with severe @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Data were pooled from three randomized, placebo-controlled trials of @entity2 for severe @entity1 to further evaluate treatment effects and overall tolerability/safety. METHODS: Total scores and sub-scores were analyzed for measures of cognition, global function, function, and behavior. Additional analyses were performed to investigate (1) relationships between cognitive, functional, and behavioral changes, and (2) patterns of combined domain response. RESULTS: Using pooled total scores, significant treatment differences at endpoint in favor of @entity2 were observed for cognition, global function (both p < 0.0001), and function (p = 0.03), with an effect size (Cohen's d) of 0.51, 0.26, and 0.17, respectively. There was no significant treatment difference for behavior. However, @entity2 -treated @entity0 with stabilized/improved cognition tended to show significant improvements in function and behavior over placebo-treated @entity0 . @entity0 treated with @entity2 were 2-3 times more likely to achieve a combined domain response than placebo-treated @entity0 (p < 0.0001). Adverse events were as expected for cholinergic therapy, and mortality rates were similar between the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest measurable @entity2 -mediated symptomatic benefits in cognition, global function, and daily living activities in @entity0 with severe @entity1 . The treatment effects support the importance of cholinesterase inhibition as a clinically relevant therapeutic option across the spectrum of @entity1 .

title: XXXX treatment in severe @entity1 : a pooled analysis of three clinical trials.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Individual clinical trials have demonstrated benefits of @entity2 in @entity0 with severe @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Data were pooled from three randomized, placebo-controlled trials of @entity2 for severe @entity1 to further evaluate treatment effects and overall tolerability/safety. METHODS: Total scores and sub-scores were analyzed for measures of cognition, global function, function, and behavior. Additional analyses were performed to investigate (1) relationships between cognitive, functional, and behavioral changes, and (2) patterns of combined domain response. RESULTS: Using pooled total scores, significant treatment differences at endpoint in favor of @entity2 were observed for cognition, global function (both p < 0.0001), and function (p = 0.03), with an effect size (Cohen's d) of 0.51, 0.26, and 0.17, respectively. There was no significant treatment difference for behavior. However, @entity2 -treated @entity0 with stabilized/improved cognition tended to show significant improvements in function and behavior over placebo-treated @entity0 . @entity0 treated with @entity2 were 2-3 times more likely to achieve a combined domain response than placebo-treated @entity0 (p < 0.0001). Adverse events were as expected for cholinergic therapy, and mortality rates were similar between the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest measurable @entity2 -mediated symptomatic benefits in cognition, global function, and daily living activities in @entity0 with severe @entity1 . The treatment effects support the importance of cholinesterase inhibition as a clinically relevant therapeutic option across the spectrum of @entity1 .

title: @entity2 treatment in severe XXXX : a pooled analysis of three clinical trials.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The "warts" which tar elicits on @entity2 skin ( @entity4 , carcinomatoids, frill horns) are true @entity1 , benign growths expressive of slight yet irreversible deviations of epidermal cells from the normal. The neoplastic condition gives the cells a superiority over their neighbors when both are submitted to the same encouraging influences, and then they proliferate into @entity1 . Their state entails such disabilities, though, that they are unable to maintain themselves under ordinary circumstances, and consequently growths composed of them disappear when no longer aided. Often the neoplastic cells resume the normal aspect and habit of life long before the @entity1 mass is gone; and they may persist as part of an apparently normal epidermis, retaining their neoplastic potentialities for months after all signs of the growth have disappeared. In these instances it can be made to appear again, sometimes repeatedly, by non-carcinogenic stimulation of the skin (wound healing, turpentining). There is reason however to suppose that in the end the @entity1 cells, unless helped, die or are cast off. It is plain that the neoplastic state does not necessarily connote independence of behavior or success in @entity1 formation. On the contrary it may render cells unable to survive or endow them with powers which they can exert only under favoring conditions. This is the case with the cells composing the tar warts of @entity2 . In the lack of such conditions the cells of these growths do not manifest themselves but remain in a subthreshold neoplastic state, whereas if aided they form @entity1 . The deviations from the normal represented by the @entity1 of @entity2 are slight and limited in character, but further deviations in larger variety may be superimposed upon them, with result in @entity1 , growths possessed of a greater, though not always absolute, independence. @entity1 usually come about in this way, by successive, step-like deviations from the normal, and so also do the @entity1 which derive from virus-induced @entity4 as well as many @entity0 @entity3 . After cells have become cancerous they frequently undergo further changes, some apparently step-like in character, and all taking the direction of greater malignancy. The hypotheses that @entity1 are due to somatic mutations and to viruses respectively are discussed in the light of these phenomena.

title: CONDITIONAL NEOPLASMS AND SUBTHRESHOLD NEOPLASTIC STATES : A STUDY OF THE TAR TUMORS OF XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study investigated the feasibility of administering motor assessments, delivering rehabilitation via parent-led activities, and enhancing motor function in @entity0 with complex @entity2 . Gross and fine motor development were evaluated in 20 toddlers ages 12 to 26  months after either a superior cavopulmonary connection (SCPC) procedure or an arterial switch operation (ASO) using the Peabody developmental scale, version 2 (PDMS-2). Feasibility of assessment and program delivery were examined using open-ended interviews with parents. The ASO group scored consistently higher than the SCPC group in every subscore of the PDMS-2 (ASO gross motor quotient, 96.78      7.396 vs SCPC gross motor quotient, 77.56      7.715 [P  <  0.001]; ASO fine motor quotient, 101.20      6.512 versus SCPC fine motor quotient, 87.70      9.945 [P  =  0.002]; ASO total motor quotient, 98.78      6.515 versus SCPC total motor quotient, 79.56      8.095 [P  <  0.001]). A lower total motor quotient was associated with the use of anticoagulant medication (-20.3      4.6; P  <  0.001), longer and more frequent hospital stays (respectively, -3.6      1 .4; P  =  0.01 and -0.8      0.4; P  =  0.02), and shorter times between the most recent surgery and the assessment date (2.1      0.5; P  <  0.001). Age-standardized scores were constant between baseline and follow-up evaluation (baseline gross motor quotient, 87      12 vs. post-intervention gross motor quotient, 88      15 [P  =  0.89]; baseline fine motor quotient, 94      11 vs. post-intervention fine motor quotient, 94      12 [P  =  0.55]; baseline total motor quotient, 89      12 vs. post-intervention total motor quotient, 90      14 [P  =  0.89]), indicating achievement of the expected rate of development. The most common barrier to home activity completion was illness in the SCPC group and lack of interest in the ASO group. Providing enjoyable activities and incorporating the activities into the @entity0 ' schedules were keys to compliance. All the @entity0 were able to complete the assessments, and the parents reported a positive impact of the intervention on family life. @entity0 who have had the SCPC procedure experience significant motor delays early in life. However, toddlers after ASO have @entity1 . Completion of the rehabilitation program enables post-SCPC @entity0 to increase their rate of development to age-appropriate norms.

title: Feasibility of improving the motor development of toddlers with XXXX using a home-based intervention.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are immediately disabling, costly, take a significant amount of time to rehabilitate, and are associated with an increased risk of developing posttraumatic @entity2 . Specific multiplanar movement patterns of the lower extremity, such as those associated with the drop vertical jump (DVJ) test, have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of suffering noncontact @entity1 . The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) has been developed as a tool that can be applied to identify individuals who display at-risk movement patterns during the DVJ. HYPOTHESIS: An increase in LESS score is associated with an increased risk of noncontact @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Over a 3-year interval, 5047 high school and college @entity0 performed preseason DVJ tests that were recorded using commercial video cameras. All @entity0 were followed for @entity1 during their sports season, and video data from injured @entity0 and matched controls were then assessed with the LESS. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between LESS score and @entity1 risk in all @entity0 as well as subgroups of female, male, high school, and college @entity0 . RESULTS: There was no relationship between the risk of suffering @entity1 and LESS score whether measured as a continuous or a categorical variable. This was the case for all @entity0 combined (odds ratio, 1.04 per unit increase in LESS score; 95% confidence interval, 0.80-1.35) as well as within each subgroup (odds ratio range, 0.99-1.14). CONCLUSION: The LESS did not predict @entity1 in our cohort of high school and college athletes.

title: A prospective evaluation of the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) as a screening tool for anterior cruciate XXXX risk.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The 5'-region of @entity2 virus X ( @entity4 ) RNA, which contains an AC-rich, single-stranded region and stem-loop structure 1 (SL1), affects RNA replication and assembly. Using Systemic Evolution of Ligands by EXponential enrichment (SELEX) and the electrophoretic mobility shift assay, we demonstrate that SL1 interacts specifically with @entity0 protoplast protein extracts (S100). The 36 @entity3 that correspond to the top region of SL1, which comprises stem C, loop C, stem D, and the tetra loop (TL), were randomized and bound to the S100. Remarkably, the wild-type (wt) sequence was selected in the second round, and the number of wt sequences increased as selection proceeded. All of the selected clones from the fifth round contained the wt sequence. Secondary structure predictions (mFOLD) of the recovered sequences revealed relatively stable stem-loop structures that resembled SL1, although the @entity1 sequences therein were different. Moreover, many of the clones selected in the fourth round conserved the TL and C-C mismatch, which suggests the importance of these elements in host protein binding. The SELEX clone that closely resembled the wt SL1 structure with the TL and C-C mismatch was able to replicate and cause systemic symptoms in plants, while most of the other winners replicated poorly only on inoculated leaves. The RNA replication level on protoplasts was also similarly affected. Taken together, these results indicate that the SL1 of @entity4 interacts with host protein(s) that play important roles related to virus replication.

title: The SL1 stem-loop structure at the 5'-end of XXXX virus X RNA is required for efficient binding to host proteins and for viral infectivity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The cell nucleus contains two closely related structures, Cajal bodies (CBs) and gems. CBs are the first site of accumulation of newly assembled splicing snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins) following their import into the nucleus, before they form their steady-state localization in nuclear splicing speckles. Gems are the nuclear site of accumulation of survival motor neurons (SMNs), an insufficiency of which leads to the @entity5 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity6 is required in the cytoplasm for the addition of core, Sm, proteins to new snRNPs and is believed to accompany snRNPs to the CB. In most cell lines, gems are indistinguishable from CBs, although the structures are often separate in vivo. The relationship between CBs and gems is not fully understood, but there is evidence that symmetrical dimethylation of @entity1 residues in the CB protein coilin brings them together in HeLa cells. During neuronal differentiation of the @entity0 @entity2 cell line SH-SY5Y, CBs and gems increase their colocalization, mimicking changes seen during foetal development. This does not result from alterations in the methylation of coilin, but from increased levels of @entity6 . Expression of exogenous @entity6 results in an increased efficiency of @entity4 transport to nuclear speckles. This suggests different mechanisms are present in different cell types and in vivo that may be significant for the tissue-specific pathology of @entity3 .

title: The @entity6 protein is a key regulator of nuclear architecture in differentiating XXXX cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The cell nucleus contains two closely related structures, Cajal bodies (CBs) and gems. CBs are the first site of accumulation of newly assembled splicing snRNPs (small nuclear ribonucleoproteins) following their import into the nucleus, before they form their steady-state localization in nuclear splicing speckles. Gems are the nuclear site of accumulation of survival motor neurons (SMNs), an insufficiency of which leads to the @entity5 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity6 is required in the cytoplasm for the addition of core, Sm, proteins to new snRNPs and is believed to accompany snRNPs to the CB. In most cell lines, gems are indistinguishable from CBs, although the structures are often separate in vivo. The relationship between CBs and gems is not fully understood, but there is evidence that symmetrical dimethylation of @entity1 residues in the CB protein coilin brings them together in HeLa cells. During neuronal differentiation of the @entity0 @entity2 cell line SH-SY5Y, CBs and gems increase their colocalization, mimicking changes seen during foetal development. This does not result from alterations in the methylation of coilin, but from increased levels of @entity6 . Expression of exogenous @entity6 results in an increased efficiency of @entity4 transport to nuclear speckles. This suggests different mechanisms are present in different cell types and in vivo that may be significant for the tissue-specific pathology of @entity3 .

title: The XXXX protein is a key regulator of nuclear architecture in differentiating @entity2 cells.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic value of 3.0 T diffusion-weighted imaging with background suppression (DWIBS) magnetic resonance (MR) for lymph node @entity1 in @entity2 . METHODS: Thirty-five @entity0 with @entity2 who underwent preoperative routine MRI+DWI examination were enrolled in the study and were treated by @entity2 resection plus lymph node dissection. Metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes were confirmed by postoperative pathology. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values, @entity3 and short-axis diameters of lymph nodes were measured. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the diagnostic efficacy of ADC, @entity3 and short-axis diameters for differentiating metastatic lymph nodes from non-metastatic lymph nodes. RESULTS: A total of 151 lymph nodes were confirmed with exact location in 35 @entity0 . Sixty-five metastatic lymph nodes and 86 non-metastatic lymph nodes were identified. The ADC values of metastatic lymph nodes and non-metastatic lymph nodes were(0.86  0.14) 10(-3) and (0.94  0.16) 10(-3) mm(2)/s respectively. The @entity3 diameter were(9.78  3.13) and (7.90  1.77) mm, respectively. The short-axis diameter were (7.65  2.00) and (6.45  1.19) mm, respectively. There were statistically significant differences between metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes in ADC values, @entity3 diameter, and short-axis diameter(all P<0.01). The areas under the ROC curve of ADC value, @entity3 diameter, and short-axis diameter were 0.648, 0.706, and 0.692, respectively. Optimal cutoff values for these parameters were 1.05 10(-3) mm(2)/s, 7.95 mm, and 5.90 mm, respectively, and the corresponding sensitivities and specificities were 93.8% and 30.2%, 75.4% and 61.6%, 90.8% and 38.4%. CONCLUSIONS: Quantitative measurement of ADC value may reflect the degree of diffusion restriction of metastatic lymph nodes by DWIBS at 3.0 T MR. Accurate diagnosis of metastatic lymph nodes in @entity2 demands comprehensive evaluation combining ADC value with diameter measurement.

title: [Diagnosis value of 3.0 T diffusion-weighted imaging with background suppression magnetic resonance for metastatic lymph nodes in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of the study was to assess @entity4 in renal medical in- @entity0 in order to minimise an iatrogenic cause of @entity5 . Phlebotomy has been shown to be a significant cause of iatrogenic @entity3 in critical care. However, there has been limited research in @entity0 with @entity1 , at risk from @entity5 . A prospective observational study was conducted of 70 consecutive @entity0 admitted to an acute renal medicine ward in a tertiary care hospital over a period of four months. Inclusion criteria included adult @entity0 with acute or @entity2 . @entity0 actively bleeding were excluded. @entity3 due to phlebotomy was determined from the @entity0 's computerised records. The mean @entity0 age was 61.5 +/- 16.5 years; the mean length of hospital stay was 23.1 +/- 19.8 days. The mean admission Hb was 9.8 +/- 2.0 g dL(-1) and 9.5 +/- 1.5 g dL(-1) on discharge. The total mean @entity3 from phlebotomy during hospitalisation was 215.8 +/- 166 mL with a mean weekly @entity3 of 55.7 +/- 11.23 mL. Losses were highest in the first week (mean of 76.8 mL), declining in subsequent weeks. Samples were taken for biochemistry (38%), FBC (36%), transfusion (13%) and others (13%). 46% of @entity0 were transfused (mean 4.8 +/- 3.6 units). @entity3 was lower than in previous studies conducted in intensive care and general medicine but clinical staff should be aware of the cumulative @entity3 from phlebotomy. Losses should be managed by optimising the frequency and volume of blood drawn for diagnostic laboratory tests.

title: A study of XXXX from phlebotomy in renal medical inpatients.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: In response to the escalating burden of @entity2 in Australia, recent health policies have emphasised the promotion of @entity0 self-management and better preventive care. A notable omission from these policies is the acknowledgment that @entity0 with @entity2 tend to have co-morbid conditions. Our objectives were: to identify the common challenges co-morbidity poses to @entity0 and carers in their experiences of self-management; to detail the views and perceptions of health professionals about these challenges; and to discuss policy options to improve health care for @entity0 with co-morbid @entity2 . The method included semi-structured interviews and focus groups with 129 purposively sampled @entity0 . @entity0 were @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 , @entity5 and/or chronic @entity4 as well as carers and health care professionals. Content analysis of the interview data was conducted using NVivo7 software. RESULTS: @entity0 and their carers found co-morbidity influenced their capacity to manage @entity2 in three ways. First, co-morbidity created barriers to @entity0 acting on risk factors; second, it complicated the process of recognising the early symptoms of deterioration of each condition, and third, it complicated their capacity to manage medication. CONCLUSION: Findings highlight challenges that @entity0 with multiple chronic conditions face in relation to preventive care and self-management. Future clinical policy initiatives need to move away from single illness orientation toward strategies that meet the needs of @entity0 with co-morbid conditions and strengthen their capacity to self-manage. These @entity0 will benefit directly from specialised education and services that cater to the needs of @entity0 with clusters of co-morbidities.

title: Challenges for co-morbid XXXX care and policy in Australia: a qualitative study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychotropic medication is widely prescribed in clinical practice for the management of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). However, there have been few pharmaco-epidemiological studies or studies conducted in a natural setting on the real use of antidepressants in @entity2 . The aim of this survey was to assess the prevalence of antidepressant use in @entity2 and to identify the clinical factors associated with antidepressant prescription. METHODS: REAL.FR is a four-year, prospective, multi-center study. Baseline data including demographic characteristics, clinical variables and drug intake were obtained. @entity3 were determined using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). RESULTS: A total of 686 @entity2 @entity0 were included. Antidepressant treatment was prescribed for 34.8% of @entity0 . Clinically significant @entity3 (NPI >or= 4) were observed in 20.5% of the total population. Although @entity3 subjects were significantly more likely to be treated with antidepressants than non- @entity3 subjects (p<0.0001), only 60% of @entity3 subjects overall were prescribed an antidepressant. In multivariate analysis, clinically significant @entity3 were associated with antidepressant prescription although this result was only observed in subjects without a previous history of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The available data on antidepressant efficacy in @entity1 other than @entity3 (in particular, @entity5 , @entity1 and, occasionally, @entity4 ) do not influence prescription choices. @entity3 may be taken more seriously in the absence of a previous history of @entity3 , leading to increased antidepressant prescription rates in individuals presenting with @entity3 for the first time.

title: Antidepressant use in XXXX @entity0 : results of the REAL.FR cohort.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychotropic medication is widely prescribed in clinical practice for the management of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). However, there have been few pharmaco-epidemiological studies or studies conducted in a natural setting on the real use of antidepressants in @entity2 . The aim of this survey was to assess the prevalence of antidepressant use in @entity2 and to identify the clinical factors associated with antidepressant prescription. METHODS: REAL.FR is a four-year, prospective, multi-center study. Baseline data including demographic characteristics, clinical variables and drug intake were obtained. @entity3 were determined using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). RESULTS: A total of 686 @entity2 @entity0 were included. Antidepressant treatment was prescribed for 34.8% of @entity0 . Clinically significant @entity3 (NPI >or= 4) were observed in 20.5% of the total population. Although @entity3 subjects were significantly more likely to be treated with antidepressants than non- @entity3 subjects (p<0.0001), only 60% of @entity3 subjects overall were prescribed an antidepressant. In multivariate analysis, clinically significant @entity3 were associated with antidepressant prescription although this result was only observed in subjects without a previous history of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The available data on antidepressant efficacy in @entity1 other than @entity3 (in particular, @entity5 , @entity1 and, occasionally, @entity4 ) do not influence prescription choices. @entity3 may be taken more seriously in the absence of a previous history of @entity3 , leading to increased antidepressant prescription rates in individuals presenting with @entity3 for the first time.

title: Antidepressant use in @entity2 XXXX : results of the REAL.FR cohort.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 is a diester prodrug of the antiviral drug @entity2 , with much greater oral bioavailability than @entity2 . Evidence shows that the prodrug is metabolized to @entity2 in the enterocytes during intestinal absorption. However, it is unknown how the highly charged and hydrophilic @entity2 crosses the basolateral membrane in the intestine. This study determines the role of specific basolateral transporter(s) in the egress of @entity2 across the basolateral membrane when formed from @entity3 in Caco-2 cells, a model for intestinal epithelium. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) plays an important role in renal secretion of @entity2 . Immunofluorescence images showed that @entity4 is localized in the basolateral membrane of Caco-2 cells. This localization was further confirmed by Western blotting of the apical and basolateral membrane fractions that were isolated by a novel method involving biotinylation of respective membrane proteins and affinity enrichment. @entity4 -knockdown Caco-2 cells were produced by stable transfection with @entity4 -specific siRNA expression plasmid. These cells showed reduced @entity4 protein expression and corresponding reduction in the basolateral egress of @entity2 when @entity3 was dosed on the apical side. A comparison of these data with the reduction in the basolateral egress of @entity2 by the general @entity1 inhibitor @entity0 established that @entity4 , among MRPs, plays a predominant role in the basolateral egress of @entity2 in Caco-2 cells. The results highlight the importance of @entity4 in oral absorption of @entity3 , and suggest that significant drug-drug interactions can occur if an @entity4 inhibitor is co-administered with @entity3 .

title: Role of basolateral efflux transporter @entity4 in the intestinal absorption of the antiviral drug XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 is a diester prodrug of the antiviral drug @entity2 , with much greater oral bioavailability than @entity2 . Evidence shows that the prodrug is metabolized to @entity2 in the enterocytes during intestinal absorption. However, it is unknown how the highly charged and hydrophilic @entity2 crosses the basolateral membrane in the intestine. This study determines the role of specific basolateral transporter(s) in the egress of @entity2 across the basolateral membrane when formed from @entity3 in Caco-2 cells, a model for intestinal epithelium. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) plays an important role in renal secretion of @entity2 . Immunofluorescence images showed that @entity4 is localized in the basolateral membrane of Caco-2 cells. This localization was further confirmed by Western blotting of the apical and basolateral membrane fractions that were isolated by a novel method involving biotinylation of respective membrane proteins and affinity enrichment. @entity4 -knockdown Caco-2 cells were produced by stable transfection with @entity4 -specific siRNA expression plasmid. These cells showed reduced @entity4 protein expression and corresponding reduction in the basolateral egress of @entity2 when @entity3 was dosed on the apical side. A comparison of these data with the reduction in the basolateral egress of @entity2 by the general @entity1 inhibitor @entity0 established that @entity4 , among MRPs, plays a predominant role in the basolateral egress of @entity2 in Caco-2 cells. The results highlight the importance of @entity4 in oral absorption of @entity3 , and suggest that significant drug-drug interactions can occur if an @entity4 inhibitor is co-administered with @entity3 .

title: Role of basolateral efflux transporter XXXX in the intestinal absorption of the antiviral drug @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) still represent life-threatening conditions. The aim of this study was to describe our experience in the management of @entity0 (pts) with @entity7 and to evaluate the safety and feasibility of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in high surgical risk @entity0 . METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and four @entity0 underwent @entity1 . We selected 56 pts with @entity7 : 17 complicated type B aortic dissections, five traumatic @entity10 at the isthmus, 11 @entity5 and 23 pts with large AAA with impending @entity4 . All these pts were at high surgical risk because of their comorbidities and/or their emergency situation. They were clinically followed during hospitalisation and they underwent a 2 mm-interval CT-scan two weeks, six and 12 months after discharge and every year after. @entity2 , @entity6 , open surgical conversion did not occur. Two pts underwent a successful secondary @entity1 for @entity9 . One @entity0 with @entity11 died of septic shock from pneumonia 78 days after discharge and two pts with AAA suffering from a severe three-vessel @entity3 experienced @entity8 at one year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 seems to be a safe and effective therapeutic option with good short- and midterm results in @entity0 with @entity7 at high surgical risk. Thus, it can be considered as a less-invasive alternative in @entity0 considered otherwise unsuitable for conventional surgery, even though a careful, continued follow-up is still necessary to confirm the long-term safety and effectiveness of @entity1 in @entity7 .

title: XXXX at high surgical risk: the endovascular approach.

answer: @entity7


abstract: AIMS: To investigate sex differences in the prevalence and extent of overweight and @entity1 in adolescents aged 14-18 years. METHODS: Standardized measurements of height and weight were collected from surveys of adolescents in the same geographical area in 1966-69 (n = 8378) and in 1995-97 (n = 6673). The prevalence rates of overweight and @entity1 were calculated using criteria approved by the International Obesity Task Force. The extents of overweight and @entity1 were assessed by computing age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) percentiles. RESULTS: In 1995-97, 17.2% met the criteria for either overweight or @entity1 , as compared with 10.7% in 1966-69. The prevalence of overweight and @entity1 combined was higher in @entity0 (13.0%) than in @entity0 (8.5%) in 1966-69 (difference 4.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.1-5.9), while no sex difference was found in 1995-97 ( @entity0 16.9%, @entity0 17.5%, difference -0.6, 95% CI -2.3-1.1). The increase in overweight was greater in @entity0 (6.2PP, 95% CI 4.7-7.6) than in @entity0 (1.9PP, 95% CI 0.4-3.5), while the sex difference in increased @entity1 was smaller ( @entity0 2.8PP, 95% CI 2.1-3.4, @entity0 2.0PP, 95% CI 1.3-2.6). The increase in extent of overweight and @entity1 was highest in @entity0 . The values of the 85th percentile and the 95th percentile in @entity0 increased by 1.3 and 3.0 BMI units, respectively. The corresponding increases in @entity0 were 0.7 and 1.7 BMI units. CONCLUSIONS: A marked sex difference in time trends for both the prevalence and extent of overweight and @entity1 , with a more pronounced increase in @entity0 than in @entity0 , was demonstrated. This might have implications for preventive strategies.

title: Sex differences in time trends for overweight and XXXX in adolescents: the Young-HUNT study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Long-segment colon interposition has been used for esophageal replacement for acquired @entity6 . The indications for use, morbidity, and functional results of these conduits have been debated. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records, office visits, and operative reports of @entity0 undergoing long colon interposition for acquired @entity6 at our institution from 1956 to 1997. RESULTS: Long colon interposition was performed in 52 @entity0 for @entity2 (n = 20), @entity3 (n = 16), previous irradiation (n = 8), primary @entity7 (n = 4), and acquired absence of the esophagus (n = 4). From 1976 to 1997, acquired diseases accounted for 62% of long colon interposition. The left colon was used in 46 @entity0 and the right colon in 6. The in-hospital mortality rate was 4%. Early complications included graft @entity1 in 5 @entity0 , @entity4 in 3, and @entity8 in 1. Late complications included @entity5 requiring dilation in 26 @entity0 , with 2 requiring surgical revision, and bile reflux requiring surgical diversion in 1 @entity0 . Swallowing function was excellent in 24% of @entity0 , good in 66%, and poor in 10%. CONCLUSIONS: Long colon interposition can be performed safely, with acceptable long-term functional results in @entity0 with acquired @entity6 .

title: Long-segment colon interposition for acquired XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Only anecdotal reports about the results of combined resection of T4 @entity2 infiltrating the thoracic aorta exist. METHODS: Seven @entity1 (mean age, 57.5 years; range, 43 to 78 years) underwent a resection of the infiltrated segment of the thoracic aorta together with a left pneumonectomy (n = 6) or left upper lobectomy (n = 1). @entity4 were primary @entity7 (T4N2 in 3 @entity1 , T4N1 in 2), one was a @entity3 of @entity0 , and one was @entity6 . RESULTS: No @entity1 died perioperatively. The 2 @entity1 with @entity6 and @entity3 of @entity0 died 2 and 7 months postoperatively. Of the 5 @entity1 with @entity5 , 3 died after 17, 26, and 27 months as a result of distant @entity3 . Two @entity1 are alive after 14 and 50 months without evidence of disease recurrence. One-year, 2-year, and 4-year survival rates for @entity1 with @entity5 were 100%, 75%, and 25%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Combined resection of the lung and thoracic aorta can be performed with low morbidity and mortality when offered to highly selected @entity1 . Adequate local control of @entity4 can be achieved for N1 and single-level N2 @entity7 , but not for @entity4 with other histologies.

title: T4 XXXX with infiltration of the thoracic aorta: is an operation reasonable?

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Recent studies suggest that @entity5 ( @entity5 ) might induce less @entity1 . The objective of this study is to evaluate whether @entity0 with @entity5 have smaller @entity2 . METHODS: @entity0 with @entity2 of less than 12 hours since the onset symptoms were included. @entity5 was defined as unstable @entity3 at rest during the 7 days before the @entity4 . @entity4 size was assessed with the area under the curve of CK-MB levels in the 24 hours following the onset of the @entity4 . RESULTS: One hundred-seventy nine @entity0 were included, 75 (41.9%) with @entity5 . There were more @entity0 in the group with @entity5 (89.3% vs 70.2%, p = 0.004) and a higher prevalence of ex-smokers (38.7% vs 19.2%, p = 0.006). We did not find significant differences in @entity2 size between both groups, but a statistically significant interaction between @entity5 and pre-treatment with @entity6 drugs was noted (p = 0.050). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 does not seem to induce less @entity1 in this study. There is a significant interaction between @entity5 and pre-treatment with @entity6 drugs.

title: [The effect of pre- @entity4 unstable @entity3 on the size of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Recent studies suggest that @entity5 ( @entity5 ) might induce less @entity1 . The objective of this study is to evaluate whether @entity0 with @entity5 have smaller @entity2 . METHODS: @entity0 with @entity2 of less than 12 hours since the onset symptoms were included. @entity5 was defined as unstable @entity3 at rest during the 7 days before the @entity4 . @entity4 size was assessed with the area under the curve of CK-MB levels in the 24 hours following the onset of the @entity4 . RESULTS: One hundred-seventy nine @entity0 were included, 75 (41.9%) with @entity5 . There were more @entity0 in the group with @entity5 (89.3% vs 70.2%, p = 0.004) and a higher prevalence of ex-smokers (38.7% vs 19.2%, p = 0.006). We did not find significant differences in @entity2 size between both groups, but a statistically significant interaction between @entity5 and pre-treatment with @entity6 drugs was noted (p = 0.050). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 does not seem to induce less @entity1 in this study. There is a significant interaction between @entity5 and pre-treatment with @entity6 drugs.

title: [The effect of pre- @entity4 unstable XXXX on the size of @entity1 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Recent studies suggest that @entity5 ( @entity5 ) might induce less @entity1 . The objective of this study is to evaluate whether @entity0 with @entity5 have smaller @entity2 . METHODS: @entity0 with @entity2 of less than 12 hours since the onset symptoms were included. @entity5 was defined as unstable @entity3 at rest during the 7 days before the @entity4 . @entity4 size was assessed with the area under the curve of CK-MB levels in the 24 hours following the onset of the @entity4 . RESULTS: One hundred-seventy nine @entity0 were included, 75 (41.9%) with @entity5 . There were more @entity0 in the group with @entity5 (89.3% vs 70.2%, p = 0.004) and a higher prevalence of ex-smokers (38.7% vs 19.2%, p = 0.006). We did not find significant differences in @entity2 size between both groups, but a statistically significant interaction between @entity5 and pre-treatment with @entity6 drugs was noted (p = 0.050). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 does not seem to induce less @entity1 in this study. There is a significant interaction between @entity5 and pre-treatment with @entity6 drugs.

title: [The effect of pre- XXXX unstable @entity3 on the size of @entity1 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiotherapy is widely used in the treatment of @entity2 . The search for biological parameters that could select @entity0 who will respond to radiation treatment has become essential. The aim of this study is to assess whether the pretreatment apoptotic index is useful in predicting local control and survival in a group of @entity2 @entity0 treated by radiotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Fifty-five @entity0 with invasive @entity2 treated between 1983 and 1996 were included in this study. Radiotherapy was given to a median dose of 66 Gy, mean 63.28 Gy, in 1.8-2 Gy daily fractions. Apoptotic cells were studied in @entity3 - @entity4 slides. Clinicopathological @entity1 characteristics were studied in relation to the apoptotic index, and as prognostic factors for local control and survival in both univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Pretreatment apoptotic indexes were related to @entity1 stage, mitotic index, and Ki67 proliferation index. Five-year actuarial local control for the whole group was 45%. @entity0 with @entity1 showing low pretreatment apoptotic indexes had better local control (p < 0.037) and survival (p < 0.01) than highly apoptotic @entity1 . @entity1 stage (T2 vs. T3-4) and the pretreatment apoptotic index were significant predictive factors for local control and survival in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The pretreatment apoptotic index is useful in predicting the clinical outcome of @entity2 @entity0 treated by radiotherapy. @entity1 characteristics could allow the selection of @entity0 for different treatment strategies.

title: Apoptosis in XXXX : relation with radiation treatment results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate if @entity3 in feline @entity4 can be detected. This was done using positron emission tomography (PET), two @entity3 tracers and polarographic pO(2) measurements. Of the seven @entity2 included, five received @entity7 and two @entity8 . Perfusion was evaluated with [ @entity6 ]- @entity5 (n = 4) and with contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasonography (n = 5). @entity3 was detected in three @entity2 . Polarographic pO(2) measurements did not confirm PET results. In the ultrasonographic evaluation, low vascularity and low perfusion were seen with a peripheral vascular pattern and no perfusion in the centre of the @entity0 . This was in contrast to the [ @entity6 ]- @entity5 scans, where central perfusion of the @entity0 was also found. In conclusion, it appears that @entity3 exists in this @entity0 type. The presence of @entity0 @entity1 and heterogeneous @entity3 patterns in these @entity0 may explain the found discrepancies between the applied techniques.

title: Measurements of @entity3 ( @entity7 , [(18)F]-EF5) with positron emission tomography (PET) and perfusion using PET ([ XXXX ]- @entity5 ) and power Doppler ultrasonography in feline @entity4 *.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate if @entity3 in feline @entity4 can be detected. This was done using positron emission tomography (PET), two @entity3 tracers and polarographic pO(2) measurements. Of the seven @entity2 included, five received @entity7 and two @entity8 . Perfusion was evaluated with [ @entity6 ]- @entity5 (n = 4) and with contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasonography (n = 5). @entity3 was detected in three @entity2 . Polarographic pO(2) measurements did not confirm PET results. In the ultrasonographic evaluation, low vascularity and low perfusion were seen with a peripheral vascular pattern and no perfusion in the centre of the @entity0 . This was in contrast to the [ @entity6 ]- @entity5 scans, where central perfusion of the @entity0 was also found. In conclusion, it appears that @entity3 exists in this @entity0 type. The presence of @entity0 @entity1 and heterogeneous @entity3 patterns in these @entity0 may explain the found discrepancies between the applied techniques.

title: Measurements of @entity3 ( @entity7 , [(18)F]-EF5) with positron emission tomography (PET) and perfusion using PET ([ @entity6 ]- @entity5 ) and power Doppler ultrasonography in feline XXXX *.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate if @entity3 in feline @entity4 can be detected. This was done using positron emission tomography (PET), two @entity3 tracers and polarographic pO(2) measurements. Of the seven @entity2 included, five received @entity7 and two @entity8 . Perfusion was evaluated with [ @entity6 ]- @entity5 (n = 4) and with contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasonography (n = 5). @entity3 was detected in three @entity2 . Polarographic pO(2) measurements did not confirm PET results. In the ultrasonographic evaluation, low vascularity and low perfusion were seen with a peripheral vascular pattern and no perfusion in the centre of the @entity0 . This was in contrast to the [ @entity6 ]- @entity5 scans, where central perfusion of the @entity0 was also found. In conclusion, it appears that @entity3 exists in this @entity0 type. The presence of @entity0 @entity1 and heterogeneous @entity3 patterns in these @entity0 may explain the found discrepancies between the applied techniques.

title: Measurements of XXXX ( @entity7 , [(18)F]-EF5) with positron emission tomography (PET) and perfusion using PET ([ @entity6 ]- @entity5 ) and power Doppler ultrasonography in feline @entity4 *.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate if @entity3 in feline @entity4 can be detected. This was done using positron emission tomography (PET), two @entity3 tracers and polarographic pO(2) measurements. Of the seven @entity2 included, five received @entity7 and two @entity8 . Perfusion was evaluated with [ @entity6 ]- @entity5 (n = 4) and with contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasonography (n = 5). @entity3 was detected in three @entity2 . Polarographic pO(2) measurements did not confirm PET results. In the ultrasonographic evaluation, low vascularity and low perfusion were seen with a peripheral vascular pattern and no perfusion in the centre of the @entity0 . This was in contrast to the [ @entity6 ]- @entity5 scans, where central perfusion of the @entity0 was also found. In conclusion, it appears that @entity3 exists in this @entity0 type. The presence of @entity0 @entity1 and heterogeneous @entity3 patterns in these @entity0 may explain the found discrepancies between the applied techniques.

title: Measurements of @entity3 ( @entity7 , [(18)F]-EF5) with positron emission tomography (PET) and perfusion using PET ([ @entity6 ]- XXXX ) and power Doppler ultrasonography in feline @entity4 *.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate if @entity3 in feline @entity4 can be detected. This was done using positron emission tomography (PET), two @entity3 tracers and polarographic pO(2) measurements. Of the seven @entity2 included, five received @entity7 and two @entity8 . Perfusion was evaluated with [ @entity6 ]- @entity5 (n = 4) and with contrast-enhanced power Doppler ultrasonography (n = 5). @entity3 was detected in three @entity2 . Polarographic pO(2) measurements did not confirm PET results. In the ultrasonographic evaluation, low vascularity and low perfusion were seen with a peripheral vascular pattern and no perfusion in the centre of the @entity0 . This was in contrast to the [ @entity6 ]- @entity5 scans, where central perfusion of the @entity0 was also found. In conclusion, it appears that @entity3 exists in this @entity0 type. The presence of @entity0 @entity1 and heterogeneous @entity3 patterns in these @entity0 may explain the found discrepancies between the applied techniques.

title: Measurements of @entity3 ( XXXX , [(18)F]-EF5) with positron emission tomography (PET) and perfusion using PET ([ @entity6 ]- @entity5 ) and power Doppler ultrasonography in feline @entity4 *.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of circumferential @entity1 for the treatment of chronic @entity2 . METHODS: A total of 146 @entity0 with a mean (+/-SD) age of 57+/-9 years who had chronic @entity2 were randomly assigned to receive @entity4 and undergo two cardioversions during the first three months alone (the control group) or in combination with circumferential @entity1 . Cardiac rhythm was assessed with daily telephonic transmissions for one year. The left atrial diameter and the severity of symptoms were assessed at 12 months. RESULTS: Among the 77 @entity0 assigned to undergo circumferential @entity1 , ablation was repeated because of recurrent @entity2 in 26 percent of @entity0 and atypical @entity3 in 6 percent. An intention-to-treat analysis showed that 74 percent of @entity0 in the ablation group and 58 percent of those in the control group were free of recurrent @entity2 or flutter without antiarrhythmic-drug therapy at one year (P=0.05). Among the 69 @entity0 in the control group, 53 (77 percent) crossed over to undergo circumferential @entity1 for recurrent @entity2 by one year and only 3 (4 percent) were in sinus rhythm without antiarrhythmic-drug therapy or ablation. There were significant decreases in the left atrial diameter (12+/-11 percent, P<0.001) and the symptom severity score (59+/-21 percent, P<0.001) among @entity0 who remained in sinus rhythm after circumferential @entity1 . Except for atypical @entity3 , there were no complications attributable to circumferential @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Sinus rhythm can be maintained long term in the majority of @entity0 with chronic @entity2 by means of circumferential @entity1 independently of the effects of antiarrhythmic-drug therapy, cardioversion, or both. The maintenance of sinus rhythm is associated with a significant decrease in both the severity of symptoms and the left atrial diameter.

title: Circumferential XXXX for chronic @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of circumferential @entity1 for the treatment of chronic @entity2 . METHODS: A total of 146 @entity0 with a mean (+/-SD) age of 57+/-9 years who had chronic @entity2 were randomly assigned to receive @entity4 and undergo two cardioversions during the first three months alone (the control group) or in combination with circumferential @entity1 . Cardiac rhythm was assessed with daily telephonic transmissions for one year. The left atrial diameter and the severity of symptoms were assessed at 12 months. RESULTS: Among the 77 @entity0 assigned to undergo circumferential @entity1 , ablation was repeated because of recurrent @entity2 in 26 percent of @entity0 and atypical @entity3 in 6 percent. An intention-to-treat analysis showed that 74 percent of @entity0 in the ablation group and 58 percent of those in the control group were free of recurrent @entity2 or flutter without antiarrhythmic-drug therapy at one year (P=0.05). Among the 69 @entity0 in the control group, 53 (77 percent) crossed over to undergo circumferential @entity1 for recurrent @entity2 by one year and only 3 (4 percent) were in sinus rhythm without antiarrhythmic-drug therapy or ablation. There were significant decreases in the left atrial diameter (12+/-11 percent, P<0.001) and the symptom severity score (59+/-21 percent, P<0.001) among @entity0 who remained in sinus rhythm after circumferential @entity1 . Except for atypical @entity3 , there were no complications attributable to circumferential @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Sinus rhythm can be maintained long term in the majority of @entity0 with chronic @entity2 by means of circumferential @entity1 independently of the effects of antiarrhythmic-drug therapy, cardioversion, or both. The maintenance of sinus rhythm is associated with a significant decrease in both the severity of symptoms and the left atrial diameter.

title: Circumferential @entity1 for chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The active process in a short length of steel wire passivated by 65 per cent @entity3 has been observed under the influence of a polarizing current, and the form of the potential recorded by the cathode ray oscillograph. In the passive wire, 80 per cent of the total potential drop takes place at the anode, 20 per cent at the cathode. The change from active to passive states, as measured by the potential change, is very abrupt compared to the duration of activity and the potential curve at a point on the wire is probably almost rectangular. The duration of the refractory state is decreased at the anode and increased at the cathode, as in nerve. This fact is against the idea that reactivity after passivation results from a partial reduction of an @entity2 layer. Soft @entity0 wire passivated by anodal polarization repassivates after activation in acid of a dilution that fails to passivate it initially. It soon becomes rhythmic with a very short refractory phase, and then reacts continuously. Such a wire exhibits a very sharp alternation between a dark brown @entity2 coat during activity, and a bright clean surface during passivation. A passive steel wire in @entity3 shows many of the characteristics of an inert electrode such as @entity1 , and it may be inferred that, superposed upon the primary passivation potential, there exists an electrode or oxidation-reduction potential equilibrium between the effects of the various constituents of the solution. It is suggested that the phenomena of nerve-like reactivity in this system may involve an alternation between two protective coatings of the steel wire. During activity, the surface becomes mechanically coated with a brown @entity2 . If this coating does not adhere, due to gas convection or to rapid solution of the @entity2 , passivation does not result. Under sufficiently intense oxidizing conditions, a second @entity2 coat may form in the interstices of the first, and cover the surface as the first coating dissolves off. This furnishes the electrochemical protection of passivation, which is followed by the gradual attainment of electrode equilibrium with the solution.

title: THE EFFECTS OF POLARIZATION UPON THE STEEL WIRE- XXXX MODEL OF NERVE ACTIVITY.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Peripheral blood flow can be regulated by specialized vessel segments, the arteriovenous anastomoses. Their wall consists of a relatively thick layer of smooth muscle cells and so-called epithelioid cells. The epithelioid cell is a specialized myogenic cell phenotype expressing @entity3 synthase. We studied the innervation of the different segments of arteriovenous anastomoses in the @entity0 ear using antisera against neuropeptide Y, @entity2 hydroxylase, calcitonin gene-related peptide and substance P, as well as neuron-specific enolase, calbindin D and neurotubulin. The participation was especially examined of neuropeptidergic innervation and a possible morphological connection to the occurrence of epithelioid cells and a paracrine function. The @entity5 diaphorase reaction and alpha-smooth muscle actin immunoelectron microscopy served to distinguish epithelioid cells from smooth muscle cells. Using conventional fluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy, we found the most dense innervation pattern of pan-neuronal markers (neurotubulin, neuron-specific enolase), @entity2 hydroxylase-immunoreactive nerve fibres and @entity1 fibres (neuropeptide Y, calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P) around the intermediate segment in arteriovenous anastomoses, whereas the venous segment was barely marked. Single nerve fibres penetrated into the medial layer and reached the epithelioid cells. Using immunoelectron microscopy, we found intercellular contacts between epithelioid cells, but not the gap junction protein @entity4 . Here, we report for the first time a correlation of the innervation pattern with epithelioid cell type in arteriovenous anastomoses. Our findings suggest that epithelioid cells of the arteriovenous anastomoses are controlled by a dense network of @entity1 fibres in functional connection to their paracrine role as a @entity3 producer.

title: Hints of a functional connection between the neuropeptidergic innervation of arteriovenous anastomoses and the appearance of epithelioid cells in the XXXX ear.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To assess and compare the long-term results of upper dorsal sympathetic ganglionectomy (UDS) and endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy (ETS), we examined 84 @entity0 who underwent UDS and 71 @entity0 who underwent ETS for the treatment of palmar @entity1 . The period of follow-up ranged from 37 to 228 months. The immediate success rate was 100% in the UDS group and 98.6% in the ETS group. Troublesome @entity1 occurred in 67.8% of the UDS @entity0 and 84.8% of the ETS @entity0 ; however, 55% of the UDS @entity0 and 63% of the ETS @entity0 felt satisfied with their operation. The main reasons for dissatisfaction were recurrence and @entity1 . Interestingly, simultaneous cure of plantar @entity1 occurred in 28 (40%) of the UDS @entity0 and 28 (44%) of the ETS @entity0 with @entity1 . ETS required both a shorter operation time and hospital stay than UDS. Thus, we now perform ETS as the treatment of choice because of its excellent illumination and adequate magnification via a minimally invasive approach. The use of ETS as the first choice of treatment for palmar @entity1 is supported not only by the immediate results, complications, and cure of plantar @entity1 , but also by the long-term results. Nevertheless, @entity1 was also a major complication after ETS.

title: The long-term results of upper dorsal sympathetic ganglionectomy and endoscopic thoracic sympathectomy for palmar XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Morphology and vascularization of @entity0 before and after an intervention targeting the degenerated tendon were examined. Functional status and @entity0 level were also assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A10-week twice daily, progressive eccentric tendon loading, @entity1 stretching program with orthoses was implemented with ten, early stage TP @entity2 subjects. TP tendons were imaged by grayscale and Doppler ultrasound at INITIAL and POST evaluations to assess the tendon's morphology and signs of @entity3 . The @entity4 ( @entity4 ), Physical Activity Scale (PAS), 5-Minute Walk Test, and single heel raise (SHR) test were completed at INITIAL and POST evaluations. The Global Rating Scale (GRS) was completed at 6 months followup. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the @entity4 at INITIAL, POST, and 6-MONTH time points. Paired t-tests were used to compare means between the remaining variables. The level of significance was p = 0.05. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in @entity4 total, @entity0 , and disability at the three time-points. Post-hoc paired t-tests revealed that the @entity4 scores were lower for the total score and @entity0 and disability subcategories when comparing from INITIAL to POST and INITIAL to 6-MONTH evaluations (p < 0.05 for all). The number of SHR increased significantly on the involved side from INITIAL to POST evaluation (p = 0.041). The GRS demonstrated minimum clinically important differences for improvements in symptoms at 6-MONTH. Tendon morphology and vascularization remained abnormal following the intervention. CONCLUSION: A 10-week tendon specific eccentric program resulted in improvements in symptoms and function without changes in tendon morphology or @entity3 .

title: Effect of eccentric exercise program for early tibialis posterior XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (fFLAIR) is more sensitive that conventional or fast spin echo T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting lesions in the brain of @entity0 with @entity2 , inflammatory, or @entity1 diseases of the CNS. We investigated whether the use of fFLAIR also increases the sensitivity of brain MRI assessment in @entity0 with systemic @entity4 . @entity8 ( @entity8 ) dual-echo and fFLAIR scans of the brain were obtained from @entity0 affected by @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with (NSLE, n = 9) and without clinical CNS involvement (n = 15), Beh  et disease (n = 5), @entity7 (n = 9), and @entity6 (n = 6). @entity3 were counted and classified according to their size and their location by two observers by consensual agreement. The total lesion volume was measured using a semiautomated technique for lesion segmentation on both @entity8 and fFLAIR scans. The imaging modalities showed brain hyperintense lesions in all 9 @entity5 @entity0 with CNS involvement, 5 of 15 @entity5 @entity0 without CNS involvement, 5 of 9 @entity0 with @entity7 , 1 of 5 with Beh  et disease, and 3 of 6 with @entity6 . A total of 342 lesions were seen on both sequences; 88 were seen only on @entity8 and 54 only on fFLAIR scans. The average number of @entity3 per scan was higher on @entity8 than on fFLAIR, since significantly more discrete (P<0.002) and small (P = 0.004) lesions were seen on @entity8 than on fFLAIR. The median total lesion volume, however, was similar on @entity8 and fFLAIR. Our study indicates that the use of fFLAIR does not improve the sensitivity of fast dual-echo MRI for detecting @entity3 in @entity0 with systemic @entity4 .

title: The contribution of fast-FLAIR MRI for lesion detection in the brain of @entity0 with systemic XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (fFLAIR) is more sensitive that conventional or fast spin echo T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detecting lesions in the brain of @entity0 with @entity2 , inflammatory, or @entity1 diseases of the CNS. We investigated whether the use of fFLAIR also increases the sensitivity of brain MRI assessment in @entity0 with systemic @entity4 . @entity8 ( @entity8 ) dual-echo and fFLAIR scans of the brain were obtained from @entity0 affected by @entity5 ( @entity5 ) with (NSLE, n = 9) and without clinical CNS involvement (n = 15), Beh  et disease (n = 5), @entity7 (n = 9), and @entity6 (n = 6). @entity3 were counted and classified according to their size and their location by two observers by consensual agreement. The total lesion volume was measured using a semiautomated technique for lesion segmentation on both @entity8 and fFLAIR scans. The imaging modalities showed brain hyperintense lesions in all 9 @entity5 @entity0 with CNS involvement, 5 of 15 @entity5 @entity0 without CNS involvement, 5 of 9 @entity0 with @entity7 , 1 of 5 with Beh  et disease, and 3 of 6 with @entity6 . A total of 342 lesions were seen on both sequences; 88 were seen only on @entity8 and 54 only on fFLAIR scans. The average number of @entity3 per scan was higher on @entity8 than on fFLAIR, since significantly more discrete (P<0.002) and small (P = 0.004) lesions were seen on @entity8 than on fFLAIR. The median total lesion volume, however, was similar on @entity8 and fFLAIR. Our study indicates that the use of fFLAIR does not improve the sensitivity of fast dual-echo MRI for detecting @entity3 in @entity0 with systemic @entity4 .

title: The contribution of fast-FLAIR MRI for lesion detection in the brain of XXXX with systemic @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A sensitive and selective HPLC-column switching method with single quadrupole mass spectrometric detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of the oral platelet aggregation inhibitor @entity6 (double protected prodrug), its prodrug and the active metabolite in @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity0 plasma. The three analytes together with their tri-deuterated internal standards were isolated from plasma by protein precipitation (0.5 M @entity5 ). The de-proteinated samples were injected onto a standard-bore trapping column (4.0 mm i.d., LC-ABZ) of an HPLC-column switching system. Polar plasma components were removed by flushing the trapping column with @entity4 (pH 3.6; 5 mM). Enriched compounds (including the analytes of interest) were backflushed onto a narrow-bore analytical column (2.1 mm i.d., Inertsil ODS-2) and separated by gradient elution ( @entity4 / @entity3 ). The whole effluent (200 microl/min) from the analytical column was passed to the turbo ion spray interface without splitting. Selected ion monitoring (SIM) was used for mass spectrometric detection. The limit of quantification for all three analytes was 1 ng/ml, using a 250-microl specimen of plasma. The mean precision and inaccuracy for the three analytes in all species were < 6 and < 5%, respectively. The practicability of the new analytical method was demonstrated by the analysis of about 500 @entity1 and @entity2 plasma and about 14,000 @entity0 plasma samples. The new method represents a successful example for the application of LC single MS with ionspray ionisation to the analysis of small molecule drugs in biological matrices from toxicokinetic studies and large clinical trials.

title: Determination of the oral platelet aggregation inhibitor @entity6 in XXXX , @entity2 , and @entity0 plasma utilising HPLC-column switching combined with turbo ion spray single quadrupole mass spectrometry.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A sensitive and selective HPLC-column switching method with single quadrupole mass spectrometric detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of the oral platelet aggregation inhibitor @entity6 (double protected prodrug), its prodrug and the active metabolite in @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity0 plasma. The three analytes together with their tri-deuterated internal standards were isolated from plasma by protein precipitation (0.5 M @entity5 ). The de-proteinated samples were injected onto a standard-bore trapping column (4.0 mm i.d., LC-ABZ) of an HPLC-column switching system. Polar plasma components were removed by flushing the trapping column with @entity4 (pH 3.6; 5 mM). Enriched compounds (including the analytes of interest) were backflushed onto a narrow-bore analytical column (2.1 mm i.d., Inertsil ODS-2) and separated by gradient elution ( @entity4 / @entity3 ). The whole effluent (200 microl/min) from the analytical column was passed to the turbo ion spray interface without splitting. Selected ion monitoring (SIM) was used for mass spectrometric detection. The limit of quantification for all three analytes was 1 ng/ml, using a 250-microl specimen of plasma. The mean precision and inaccuracy for the three analytes in all species were < 6 and < 5%, respectively. The practicability of the new analytical method was demonstrated by the analysis of about 500 @entity1 and @entity2 plasma and about 14,000 @entity0 plasma samples. The new method represents a successful example for the application of LC single MS with ionspray ionisation to the analysis of small molecule drugs in biological matrices from toxicokinetic studies and large clinical trials.

title: Determination of the oral platelet aggregation inhibitor XXXX in @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity0 plasma utilising HPLC-column switching combined with turbo ion spray single quadrupole mass spectrometry.

answer: @entity6


abstract: A sensitive and selective HPLC-column switching method with single quadrupole mass spectrometric detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of the oral platelet aggregation inhibitor @entity6 (double protected prodrug), its prodrug and the active metabolite in @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity0 plasma. The three analytes together with their tri-deuterated internal standards were isolated from plasma by protein precipitation (0.5 M @entity5 ). The de-proteinated samples were injected onto a standard-bore trapping column (4.0 mm i.d., LC-ABZ) of an HPLC-column switching system. Polar plasma components were removed by flushing the trapping column with @entity4 (pH 3.6; 5 mM). Enriched compounds (including the analytes of interest) were backflushed onto a narrow-bore analytical column (2.1 mm i.d., Inertsil ODS-2) and separated by gradient elution ( @entity4 / @entity3 ). The whole effluent (200 microl/min) from the analytical column was passed to the turbo ion spray interface without splitting. Selected ion monitoring (SIM) was used for mass spectrometric detection. The limit of quantification for all three analytes was 1 ng/ml, using a 250-microl specimen of plasma. The mean precision and inaccuracy for the three analytes in all species were < 6 and < 5%, respectively. The practicability of the new analytical method was demonstrated by the analysis of about 500 @entity1 and @entity2 plasma and about 14,000 @entity0 plasma samples. The new method represents a successful example for the application of LC single MS with ionspray ionisation to the analysis of small molecule drugs in biological matrices from toxicokinetic studies and large clinical trials.

title: Determination of the oral platelet aggregation inhibitor @entity6 in @entity1 , XXXX , and @entity0 plasma utilising HPLC-column switching combined with turbo ion spray single quadrupole mass spectrometry.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A sensitive and selective HPLC-column switching method with single quadrupole mass spectrometric detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of the oral platelet aggregation inhibitor @entity6 (double protected prodrug), its prodrug and the active metabolite in @entity1 , @entity2 , and @entity0 plasma. The three analytes together with their tri-deuterated internal standards were isolated from plasma by protein precipitation (0.5 M @entity5 ). The de-proteinated samples were injected onto a standard-bore trapping column (4.0 mm i.d., LC-ABZ) of an HPLC-column switching system. Polar plasma components were removed by flushing the trapping column with @entity4 (pH 3.6; 5 mM). Enriched compounds (including the analytes of interest) were backflushed onto a narrow-bore analytical column (2.1 mm i.d., Inertsil ODS-2) and separated by gradient elution ( @entity4 / @entity3 ). The whole effluent (200 microl/min) from the analytical column was passed to the turbo ion spray interface without splitting. Selected ion monitoring (SIM) was used for mass spectrometric detection. The limit of quantification for all three analytes was 1 ng/ml, using a 250-microl specimen of plasma. The mean precision and inaccuracy for the three analytes in all species were < 6 and < 5%, respectively. The practicability of the new analytical method was demonstrated by the analysis of about 500 @entity1 and @entity2 plasma and about 14,000 @entity0 plasma samples. The new method represents a successful example for the application of LC single MS with ionspray ionisation to the analysis of small molecule drugs in biological matrices from toxicokinetic studies and large clinical trials.

title: Determination of the oral platelet aggregation inhibitor @entity6 in @entity1 , @entity2 , and XXXX plasma utilising HPLC-column switching combined with turbo ion spray single quadrupole mass spectrometry.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and short-term efficacy of transcatheter @entity7 closure using different occlusion devices. METHODS AND RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity0 underwent transcatheter closure of either aortic or mitral @entity7 from June 2002 to February 2006 using the Amplatzer PDA, @entity6 or @entity4 occluder. All @entity0 had symptoms and signs of haemolysis and/or @entity3 with dyspnoea.Implantation of a device was technically successful in twenty @entity0 (95%). Immediate residual leak was found in seventeen @entity0 (85%). Significant shunting persisted in nine cases during follow up (45%). @entity5 was observed in one @entity0 . Severe complications during follow up led to early @entity2 in one @entity0 and surgical intervention in three. A successful second catheter treatment was performed in another three @entity0 . The event-free survival from re-operation, @entity2 and @entity1 at the end of the observation period was 80%. CONCLUSION: Transcatheter closure of @entity7 is a technically feasible, but demanding procedure. Residual leaks are common and may worsen pre-existing haemolysis. Due to the significant ongoing morbidity in this group of @entity0 and the complexity of follow up individual @entity0 results differ considerably. Nevertheless, it is possible to achieve some symptomatic relief, thus an interventional approach should be discussed as a potential treatment option for those @entity0 with a limited defect and who are not deemed suitable for another operation.

title: Catheter closure of XXXX .

answer: @entity7