abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine associations between age, sex, or medical treatment and prevalence and severity of @entity2 in Standardbred racehorses in training. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. ANIMALS: 224 Standardbred racehorses in training. PROCEDURE: Gastroscopy was performed on each @entity1 , and mucosal @entity0 was graded from 0 (normal mucosa, no lesions) to 3 (extensive, often coalescing, lesions with areas of deep @entity0 ). Associations between age, sex, or treatment and prevalence and severity of @entity0 were evaluated. RESULTS: Prevalence of @entity2 was 87%. Although there was little association between age and prevalence of @entity0 , there was an association between age and severity of @entity0 . Most 2-year-old @entity1 (57.7%) had an @entity0 score of 0 or 1. In all other age groups, most (58% to 82.61%) of @entity1 had an @entity0 score of 2 or 3. Although overall prevalence of @entity0 was comparable among sex groups, the relative risk for @entity2 increased with age in castrated males, whereas it decreased in females and sexually intact males. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Gastric @entity0 is common in Standardbred @entity1 in race training. Severity is higher in @entity1 > or = 3 years of age than in 2-year-old @entity1 . Relative risk for @entity0 increases with age in castrated males.

title: Associations between age or sex and prevalence of XXXX in Standardbred racehorses in training.

answer: @entity2


abstract: To study the autoimmune manifestations in @entity4 ( @entity4 ), the patterns of thyroid antibodies, @entity2 and circulating immune complexes were investigated in 10 @entity0 during the course of the disease. Eight @entity0 were @entity3 at diagnosis, and became euthyroid during recovery with a median observation of 8 months (4-30 months). Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulins were measured as TSH binding inhibiting immunoglobulins (TBII) and as thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb). TBII were present in all @entity0 at least once during the observation period and remained detectable in six @entity0 after recovery. TSAb were detected in three @entity0 without relation to the @entity1 state. @entity2 antibodies (TgAb) were present in four @entity0 and persisted in three, while microsomal antibodies (MAb) were negative. @entity2 (Tg) in the TgAb negative @entity0 (n = 6) was high at diagnosis (median 229 micrograms/l, range 55-375) and fell rapidly during the course of @entity4 . Circulating immune complexes (CIC), which were found in all @entity0 , reached maximal levels shortly after the onset of the disease and persisted after recovery. No correlation could be demonstrated between the different thyroid antibodies, and there was no clear relation between the levels of CIC and presence of the autoantibodies. However, the changes in CIC paralleled the changes in TBII, and it is suggested that immune complex formation is a major feature of the regulatory mechanisms controlling the immune responses in @entity4 .

title: Humoral autoimmune manifestation in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Plasma ACTH, @entity7 ( @entity5 ), and @entity6 were measured at 5-min intervals in the pituitary venous effluent of the unanesthetized @entity4 . Pulses of ACTH and AVP were found to be surprisingly brief (usually of less than 10-min duration) and frequent (averaging between 15-25 min). A highly significant relationship in the changes in concentration of these two hormones was demonstrated (P less than 0.0002) both at rest and after a mild hypoglycemic stimulus. Although there was also a significant correlation (P less than 0.005) between simultaneous plasma ACTH and AVP values the pulse amplitude ratio of AVP to ACTH showed a considerable variation. A rise in @entity0 appeared to have a greater suppressive effect on the amplitude of ACTH than AVP pulses. The gradient in hormonal concentration between pituitary effluent and jugular plasma was at times over 50-fold for ACTH, and 500-fold for AVP. A gradient was also found for @entity3 , @entity2 , and @entity1 . A highly significant correlation (P less than 0.005) was demonstrated between changes in @entity2 , ACTH, and AVP concentrations, but no such relationship could be shown for @entity3 and @entity1 . It is concluded that there is a close temporal relationship between changes in ACTH, AVP, and @entity2 concentrations. Pulses of these hormones are greater in amplitude and more frequent than would have been suspected from sampling peripheral plasma. The variability in the pulse amplitude ratio of ACTH and AVP may suggest that other factors are affecting ACTH secretion. The ability to sample frequently for several hormones and to obtain a marked gradient in hormonal secretion between the pituitary venous effluent and jugular plasma suggest that the @entity4 should provide an excellent animal model in which to study the regulation of hypothalamic and pituitary hormone secretion.

title: Spontaneous and stimulated adrenocorticotropin and vasopressin pulsatile secretion in the pituitary venous effluent of the XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and sensitivity trends of urinary bacterial isolates. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Gondar College of Medical Sciences (GCMS) Teaching and Referral Hospital, north west Ethiopia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Four hundred and twenty urine specimens from 70 in- @entity0 and 350 out- @entity0 cases were studied by quantitative culture method and anti-microbial sensitivity test was done by disc diffusion technique. RESULTS: One hundred and seventy two pathogenic organisms were isolated from 166 @entity0 ; the isolation rate was 39.5 %. Among the isolates @entity3 , S. aureus, @entity12 species, coagulase negative Staphylococcus species and Citrobacter species were common accounting for 46.0%, 18.0%, 10.0%, 8.0% and 6.0%, respectively. Of the total isolates 71.5% were Gram negatives. Sensitivity tested against ten antibiotics showed that resistance was common, and the effectiveness of @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity9 and @entity1 was under 50.0%. The resistance rate was 71.5%, 62.2%, and 62.2%, 54.7% and 40.8%, respectively. Polymixin B, @entity11 , @entity5 and @entity10 controlled over 76.0% of the common infective agents. @entity8 did control 98.3% of the organisms. CONCLUSION: Resistance was found to be very high to the commonly used antibiotics. The sensitivity rate for the recently introduced @entity8 was above 98%. Therefore, this antibiotic may be used for empirical therapy of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) when culture and sensitivity testing is impossible. Strict control on the use of antibiotics and appropriate measures against over the counter availability and self-medication is recommended.

title: Antibiotic sensitivities of common bacterial pathogens in XXXX at Gondar Hospital, Ethiopia.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the management of isolated locoregional failure after (chemo)radiation therapy for @entity1 , salvage abdominoperineal resection (APR) is the treatment of choice. The results of a 15-year consecutive population-based series are reviewed. METHODS: Details of all @entity0 with @entity1 treated from 1985 to 2000 in the Stockholm Health Care Region were recorded prospectively. Among 308 @entity0 with biopsy-proven @entity1 , there have been 39 isolated locoregional failures after sphincter-preserving therapy. Thirty-five @entity0 have undergone salvage APR. The medical records of these 35 @entity0 were reviewed retrospectively with regard to surgical and oncological results. RESULTS: There were no postoperative deaths. There was considerable morbidity related to the perineal wound, with postoperative perineal @entity4 in 13 @entity0 and @entity3 beyond 3 months in 23 @entity0 . Complications unrelated to the perineal wound were found in 13 @entity0 . The crude 5-year survival rate for the 35 @entity0 was 52 per cent (median follow-up 33 months). @entity0 with @entity2 fared significantly worse than those with locoregional recurrence (crude 5-year survival rate 33 versus 82 per cent; P < 0.05, log rank test). CONCLUSION: Salvage APR in @entity1 is associated with a high complication rate but may result in long-term survival.

title: Salvage abdominoperineal resection in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim was to assess the false-negative sentinel node biopsy rate in @entity1 with early @entity0 and its implications in @entity1 treatment. METHODS: Between January 1995 and March 2001, 328 consecutive @entity1 with clinically lymph node-negative primary operable @entity0 underwent lymphatic mapping and sentinel node biopsy using a combination of preoperative @entity3 . All underwent immediate axillary dissection. The intraoperative success rate in sentinel node identification, false-negative rate, predictive value of negative sentinel node status and overall accuracy were assessed. The clinical features and primary @entity2 characteristics for each false-negative case were reviewed. RESULTS: The sentinel node was identified in 285 (86.9 per cent) of 328 @entity1 . The false-negative rate was 7.9 per cent (eight of 101). Most members of the breast multidisciplinary team would have instituted adjuvant systemic therapy for six false-negative cases based on clinical features and primary @entity2 histology. In all, only two (0.7 per cent) of 285 @entity1 who had sentinel node biopsy may have had their management and survival prospects potentially jeopardized owing to a false-negative sentinel node. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that the clinical impact of a false-negative sentinel node is low.

title: Clinical impact of false-negative sentinel node biopsy in primary XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Synthesis and secretion of milk proteins ( @entity4 , beta-casein, @entity3 , and @entity2 ) by cultured primary @entity0 mammary epithelial cells is modulated by the extracellular matrix. In cells grown on released or "floating" type I collagen gels, mRNA for beta-casein and @entity2 is increased as much as 30-fold over cells grown on plastic. Induction of beta-casein expression depends strongly on the presence of lactogenic hormones, especially prolactin, in the culture. When cells are plated onto partially purified reconstituted basement membrane, dramatic changes in morphology and @entity3 gene expression are observed. Cells cultured on the matrix for 6 to 8 d in the presence of prolactin, insulin, and @entity1 form hollow spheres and duct-like structures that are completely surrounded by matrix. The cells lining these spheres appear actively secretory and are oriented with their apices facing the lumen. Hybridization experiments indicate that mRNA for beta-casein can be increased as much as 70-fold in these cultures. Because greater than 90% of the cultured cells synthesize immunoreactive beta-casein, as compared with only 40% of cells in the late pregnant gland, the matrix appears to be able to induce protein expression in previously silent cells. Synthesis of laminin and assembly of a mammary-specific basal lamina by cells cultured on different extracellular matrices also appears to depend on the presence of lactogenic hormones. These studies provide support for the concept of "dynamic reciprocity" in which complex interactions between extracellular matrix and the cellular cytoskeleton contribute to the induction and maintenance of tissue-specific gene expression in the mammary gland.

title: Regulation of XXXX and basement membrane gene expression: the influence of the extracellular matrix.

answer: @entity3


abstract: There has been a considerable increase in annual cases of @entity2 caused by beta-haemolytic streptococci serogroup G (GGS) and we therefore undertook a retrospective case review in the Danish County of Northern Jutland. During a 19-year period (1981-1999) 94 cases were identified in a regional @entity2 register, and the annual incidence rose from 3.0 per 106 inhabitants in 1981-1987 to 7.4 in 1988-1993 and 17.2 in 1994-1999. Clinical charts were available for 92 cases. The male/female ratio was 52/40 and the median age 71 years, range 15-97 years. Twenty-seven @entity0 had reduced functional capacity. Fifty-two cases were community-acquired. The most common site of infection was the skin followed by the lungs and the urogenital tract. Eleven @entity0 had no apparent site of infection. Underlying disease was present in 81 @entity0 , who shared 149 co-morbid conditions, and the overall one-month case fatality rate was 23% (95% confidence limits 15-33%). We conclude that GGS are of increasing importance as a cause of @entity1 and first and foremost affect @entity0 who are aged, debilitated, or suffer from severe or multiple underlying diseases.

title: Clinical presentation and outcome of XXXX caused by beta-haemolytic streptococci serogroup G.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To obtain baseline information for designing a community-based intervention programme aimed at increasing the @entity1 screening coverage of @entity0 most at risk. METHODS: A population-based survey, using proportional stratified two-stage cluster sampling in Rivas, one of the 16 Departments of Nicaragua. The individuals selected were interviewed at home by one of 26 interviewers, using a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire was designed to elicit (1) knowledge, attitudes and practices concerning @entity2 and behaviour, (2) risk factors for @entity1 and (3) the use of health and @entity1 screening services. RESULTS: A total of 612 @entity0 and 634 @entity0 participated in the survey. Of the @entity0 who had been sexually active at least 3 years, only 41.1% had undergone screening within that period and were considered adequately screened. Correlates of inadequate screening status included low educational level, exclusive use of public health facilities and lack of knowledge about prevention and symptoms of @entity1 . Negligence, absence of medical problems, fear, lack of knowledge and economic reasons were the main reasons given for not being screened. Reluctance to be screened in the future was related to lack of knowledge of the disease, inadequate screening status, older age and low educational level. CONCLUSIONS: The current screening programme is not effective in reaching the majority of the population. Complementary activities such as education and information, as well as a more pro-active approach to invite @entity0 for screening are necessary.

title: Determinants of XXXX screening in a poor area: results of a population-based survey in Rivas, Nicaragua.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Mechanical valve @entity1 is a life-threatening event. Pregnancy is associated with a hypercoagulable state that further emphasizes the importance of adequate anticoagulation. This is associated with a therapeutic dilemma. Continued anticoagulation with @entity3 throughout the first trimester can result in fetopathic effects, while replacement of @entity3 by heparin between 6 and 12 weeks of gestation does not completely prevent the risk of valve @entity1 . There are a small number of reported cases of pregnant @entity0 with prosthetic heart valve @entity1 under low molecular weight heparin and consecutive lytic therapy. The authors report a 33-year-old pregnant @entity0 with a St. Jude Medical aortic prosthesis, anticoagulated with a therapeutic dosage of low molecular weight heparin from 6 weeks of gestation, who developed prosthetic heart valve @entity1 at 17 weeks of gestation. A thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (50 mg for 2 hours) was performed. Under thrombolysis, ST-segment elevation in leads II, III, aVF, V5, and V6 developed electrocardiographically with a maximal @entity2 kinase (CK) of 349 U/L (CK-MB isoenzyme of 48 U/L). Echocardiography revealed normal function of the St. Jude Medical aortic prosthesis 2 hours after thrombolysis and normal wall motions. Short-course thrombolytic therapy appears to be an effective alternative to surgical intervention for the treatment of @entity1 of valve prostheses in pregnancy.

title: Successful thrombolysis of st. Jude medical aortic prosthesis with tissue-type plasminogen activator in a pregnant XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We report the development of two dominant-acting genetic markers useful for monitoring gene transfer in @entity0 cells that are based on prokaryotic genes encoding key steps in the synthesis of the essential @entity5 , @entity7 and @entity9 . Under appropriate conditions, expression of these genes obviates the nutritional requirements for their respective @entity4 products. Expression of the trpB gene of @entity3 , which encodes the beta subunit of @entity7 synthase (EC 4.2.1.20), allows @entity0 cell survival and multiplication in medium containing @entity2 in place of @entity7 . The hisD gene of @entity8 encodes @entity11 dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.23), which catalyzes the two-step @entity6 +-dependent oxidation of @entity12 to @entity10 . In medium lacking @entity9 and containing @entity11 , only @entity0 cells expressing the hisD product survive. The selection is a double one in that the provided precursor @entity11 is itself toxic to animal cells through its inhibition of histidyl-tRNA synthetase; thus, the dehydrogenase both removes an inhibitor and forms a required end product. Alternatively, the his selection may be carried out under conditions in which the dehydrogenase serves mainly to detoxify @entity11 . For either the trp or his selections the substitute nutrient ( @entity2 or @entity11 ) is readily available, inexpensive, stable, permeable to cells, and convertible to the end product in a step controlled by a single gene. Vectors based upon @entity1 retrovirus and papovavirus backbones have been successfully employed for both genes, allowing selection in a range of cell types, including 3T3, @entity13 , and HeLa. These dominant selective schemes should provide generally useful and inexpensive alternatives to others currently in use, such as the gpt, neo, hygro, dhfr, and tk selections.

title: Two dominant-acting selectable markers for gene transfer studies in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The expression of sexually dimorphic behavior has been found to be altered in adult animals following prenatal @entity1 exposure. The present study examined whether such exposure would alter the sexually dimorphic response of luteinizing hormone (LH) to @entity3 and @entity4 observed in normal prepubescent animals. Both LH and @entity5 (CS) were measured in 16 day old male and female @entity0 30 min after injection of @entity4 (2 mg/kg) or @entity3 (0.1 mg/kg). Prenatal @entity1 exposure did not influence the LH response to either drug in females. An LH response to @entity3 in normal males did not occur, but it was present in the males exposed to @entity1 in utero and in the pair-fed controls. Prenatal @entity1 exposure influenced the CS response to both drugs. CS levels were @entity2 in the @entity4 -treated males prenatally exposed to @entity1 compared to their saline-injected counterparts. The CS levels of other groups following @entity4 administration were unchanged compared to saline injection. Normal animals of both sexes exhibited an elevation in CS levels following @entity3 . However, this stimulatory effect of @entity3 on CS release was absent in both female and male animals prenatally exposed to @entity1 . The results of this study indicate that prenatal @entity1 exposure may alter noradrenergic and opioid modulation of @entity5 and possibly of LH in young animals.

title: Influence of prenatal ethanol exposure on hormonal responses to XXXX and @entity4 in prepubescent male and female @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The expression of sexually dimorphic behavior has been found to be altered in adult animals following prenatal @entity1 exposure. The present study examined whether such exposure would alter the sexually dimorphic response of luteinizing hormone (LH) to @entity3 and @entity4 observed in normal prepubescent animals. Both LH and @entity5 (CS) were measured in 16 day old male and female @entity0 30 min after injection of @entity4 (2 mg/kg) or @entity3 (0.1 mg/kg). Prenatal @entity1 exposure did not influence the LH response to either drug in females. An LH response to @entity3 in normal males did not occur, but it was present in the males exposed to @entity1 in utero and in the pair-fed controls. Prenatal @entity1 exposure influenced the CS response to both drugs. CS levels were @entity2 in the @entity4 -treated males prenatally exposed to @entity1 compared to their saline-injected counterparts. The CS levels of other groups following @entity4 administration were unchanged compared to saline injection. Normal animals of both sexes exhibited an elevation in CS levels following @entity3 . However, this stimulatory effect of @entity3 on CS release was absent in both female and male animals prenatally exposed to @entity1 . The results of this study indicate that prenatal @entity1 exposure may alter noradrenergic and opioid modulation of @entity5 and possibly of LH in young animals.

title: Influence of prenatal ethanol exposure on hormonal responses to @entity3 and XXXX in prepubescent male and female @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The expression of sexually dimorphic behavior has been found to be altered in adult animals following prenatal @entity1 exposure. The present study examined whether such exposure would alter the sexually dimorphic response of luteinizing hormone (LH) to @entity3 and @entity4 observed in normal prepubescent animals. Both LH and @entity5 (CS) were measured in 16 day old male and female @entity0 30 min after injection of @entity4 (2 mg/kg) or @entity3 (0.1 mg/kg). Prenatal @entity1 exposure did not influence the LH response to either drug in females. An LH response to @entity3 in normal males did not occur, but it was present in the males exposed to @entity1 in utero and in the pair-fed controls. Prenatal @entity1 exposure influenced the CS response to both drugs. CS levels were @entity2 in the @entity4 -treated males prenatally exposed to @entity1 compared to their saline-injected counterparts. The CS levels of other groups following @entity4 administration were unchanged compared to saline injection. Normal animals of both sexes exhibited an elevation in CS levels following @entity3 . However, this stimulatory effect of @entity3 on CS release was absent in both female and male animals prenatally exposed to @entity1 . The results of this study indicate that prenatal @entity1 exposure may alter noradrenergic and opioid modulation of @entity5 and possibly of LH in young animals.

title: Influence of prenatal ethanol exposure on hormonal responses to @entity3 and @entity4 in prepubescent male and female XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: During the past decade, we have learned a great deal about the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of @entity4 . Subcutaneous heparin has emerged as a major deterrent worldwide for @entity3 prevention but is associated with the potential risk of @entity2 and cannot be used in certain @entity0 situations. External compression modalities have emerged as major alternate forms of prophylaxis. We have learned that these devices stimulate the fibrinolytic system, prevent @entity8 and the endothelial injury that can accompany extreme @entity7 . Since they are not associated with @entity2 or other serious complications, they are attractive methods for most surgeons, including those performing delicate or complex surgical procedures. Independent studies worldwide have demonstrated their effectiveness in reducing @entity5 , as recognized by the NIH Consensus Development Panel, and the evidence is compelling that @entity9 efficacy is a valid marker for PE efficacy. Since these devices reduce the incidence of @entity5 , they almost certainly must prevent @entity6 ; however, a properly designed protocol should be conducted to validate these assumptions. Evidence suggests that full-leg sequential compression is superior to @entity1 compression, but further study is necessary. We believe that a hospital-wide plan, including risk-factor assessment and application of clinical management guidelines, including all available modalities, is important to provide the maximum protection of @entity0 with the lowest risk of side effects. Such a program has been very successful in our community.

title: Role of compression modalities in a prophylactic program for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Ten min after infection of @entity4 . oryzae by phage Xp10, a sharp decrease in the activity of the host RNA polymerase was observed. Host RNA polymerase from phage-infected and uninfected cells was purified, and their properties were compared. The enzyme from uninfected cells contained four polypeptides with Mr = 155,000, 155,000, 93,000, and 37,000, respectively, and assembled with a stoichiometry of alpha 2 beta beta' sigma. The enzyme from infected cells lacked the sigma-subunit. The enzyme from uninfected cells utilized Xp10 DNA and poly[d( @entity1 )] as templates, the enzyme from phage-infected cells failed to transcribe Xp10 DNA, but retained the ability to transcribe poly( @entity1 ). The regions of the Xp10 genome transcribed by the two enzymes were also investigated. The enzyme from uninfected cells transcribed the leftmost 25-30% of the Xp10 genome. The enzyme from phage-infected cells also transcribed the same region, but the enzyme activity was very low. Other properties such as (a) the response to RNA polymerase inhibitors, (b) the effect of @entity3 , (c) the requirement of @entity0 and @entity2 , and (d) the optimum temperature and pH of the two enzymes were very similar.

title: Loss of sigma-factor of RNA polymerase of XXXX . oryzae during phage Xp10 infection.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Five female subjects were given four types of test diets containing various levels of protein for four consecutive 5-day periods and their dietary fiber and feces were collected throughout the experimental period. Diet A was a high-fiber, low-protein diet containing brown @entity3 . Diet B was a semi-purified, low-protein diet containing agar agar as the sole source of dietary fiber. Diet C was a low-fiber, normal-protein diet containing polished @entity3 . Diet D was a high-fiber, normal-protein diet containing brown @entity3 . A fecal marker was given at breakfast on the first day of each five-day test period and on the day after the end of the experiment. Fecal weight increased during the period on high-fiber diets (diets A and D). The apparent digestibilities of protein and fat were significantly @entity1 by high-fiber diet. Fecal excretion of @entity2 did not increase on the high-fiber diets. A decrease in the apparent digestibility on a high-fiber, low-protein diet was partly due to the low intake of @entity2 during this period. Fecal excretion of @entity0 increased markedly during the periods on high-fiber diets. The difference between the intake and fecal excretion of dietary fiber suggested that the fiber was partially digested in the colon.

title: Effect of fiber on protein, fat and XXXX digestibilities and fecal @entity0 excretion.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Five female subjects were given four types of test diets containing various levels of protein for four consecutive 5-day periods and their dietary fiber and feces were collected throughout the experimental period. Diet A was a high-fiber, low-protein diet containing brown @entity3 . Diet B was a semi-purified, low-protein diet containing agar agar as the sole source of dietary fiber. Diet C was a low-fiber, normal-protein diet containing polished @entity3 . Diet D was a high-fiber, normal-protein diet containing brown @entity3 . A fecal marker was given at breakfast on the first day of each five-day test period and on the day after the end of the experiment. Fecal weight increased during the period on high-fiber diets (diets A and D). The apparent digestibilities of protein and fat were significantly @entity1 by high-fiber diet. Fecal excretion of @entity2 did not increase on the high-fiber diets. A decrease in the apparent digestibility on a high-fiber, low-protein diet was partly due to the low intake of @entity2 during this period. Fecal excretion of @entity0 increased markedly during the periods on high-fiber diets. The difference between the intake and fecal excretion of dietary fiber suggested that the fiber was partially digested in the colon.

title: Effect of fiber on protein, fat and @entity2 digestibilities and fecal XXXX excretion.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Recently, oenological prejudices were challenged by the use of a points scoring system (from 50 to 100) to evaluate wine in a book now widely regarded as one of the most authoritative. On this scale, a 1981 Chateau Citran described as 'emaciated' scored 65, a 1983 Chateau Kirwan scored 85, and a 1982 Petrus 100. If the same approach were used for drugs used in @entity1 to quantify an advance over conditions existing at the time of its introduction how would they score? Because they were the first available drugs in their class and clearly constituted major advances, @entity3 and @entity5 both score 95, the score being limited by a high level of side effects. The new salicylates score 75, because they extend the benefits of @entity5 to a minority of @entity0 but they have the potential to score 90 if increased dosing and greater effectiveness over @entity5 can be achieved. Salicylate enemas score 80, because they advance treatment over topical corticosteroids for @entity0 with resistant distal disease, but the mode of delivery needs improvement. @entity2 foams also score 80, particularly if the @entity0 's vote is taken into account. @entity4 's score cannot be calculated because there is doubt over its efficacy, but it is potentially 88 if it saves @entity0 with difficult disease from colectomy. We can only guess what an oral non-absorbed @entity2 would score, but if response rates for relapse were substantially improved, or if corticosteroids could be used as effective maintenance treatment, it could be as high as 95. There are indications that we should 'watch this space'.

title: Medical treatment of XXXX : scoring the advances.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Rotaviruses were found in the study of 123 @entity2 and 132 fecal samples from animals with @entity0 . Employed were the method of immunofluorescence and the high concentration of virions (10(4) up to 10(9)/cm3). As high as 57.3 per cent of the fecal extracts proved positive for rotaviruses. In 14.3 per cent of the extracts a group-specific rotavirus antigen was established via the agar gel immunodiffusion, and 30.9 per cent of the intestinal cross sections were positive as demonstrated through immunofluorescence. Conditionally, the cases of @entity3 are divided into two types--early and late. The first ones have been seen in sucking piglest at the age of 10-15 days, and with the growing of the epizootic wave--in 3-day-old ones, too. The second type of @entity3 have been described in young @entity2 fifteen days after weaning, The death rate with sucking @entity2 was found to vary from 7 to 17 per cent, and it was 5 per cent with weaned ones. High mortality rate (82 per cent) was observed on a farm where a @entity1 with transmissive @entity3 was noted. The diagnosed cases of @entity4 prevailed in the cold months of the year (autumn-winter). On two farms the disease was established in the summer. The serologic examination of the blood sera of sows revealed group-specific antibodies to rotaviruses in 71 per cent of the cases. The percent of seroagents with the young sows ranged from 50 to 63.3 per cent, while with the adult ones it was 87 to 100 per cent. Discussed is the link between the low titer of natural immunity and the aspects of the epizootic process with rotavirus @entity0 .

title: [Rotavirus infections in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The evidence that supports the hypothesis that @entity5 causes @entity1 was reviewed. The most dramatic clinical expression of the association between @entity5 and @entity6 is the @entity8 . In the @entity8 , severe insulin resistance results in a @entity5 that stimulates ovarian @entity3 production. Acanthosis nigricans, a dermatologic manifestation of severe insulin resistance, is an @entity2 . Hyperandrogenic (HA) @entity0 can be divided into two major groups: insulin-resistant (HA-IR) and non-insulin-resistant (HA-nIR). HA-nIR @entity0 have markedly elevated LH, often have minimally elevated serum prolactin, and have @entity7 . HA-IR @entity0 have minimally elevated LH, markedly elevated plasma insulin, and stromal hyperthecosis. @entity0 with HA-nIR probably have a primary @entity4 as the cause of their @entity6 . @entity0 with HA-IR probably have a primary metabolic abnormality as the cause of their @entity6 . The relationship between @entity5 and @entity6 is one example of the complex interrelationships that exist between central metabolism and reproduction.

title: XXXX and @entity1 . Cause and effect.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The evidence that supports the hypothesis that @entity5 causes @entity1 was reviewed. The most dramatic clinical expression of the association between @entity5 and @entity6 is the @entity8 . In the @entity8 , severe insulin resistance results in a @entity5 that stimulates ovarian @entity3 production. Acanthosis nigricans, a dermatologic manifestation of severe insulin resistance, is an @entity2 . Hyperandrogenic (HA) @entity0 can be divided into two major groups: insulin-resistant (HA-IR) and non-insulin-resistant (HA-nIR). HA-nIR @entity0 have markedly elevated LH, often have minimally elevated serum prolactin, and have @entity7 . HA-IR @entity0 have minimally elevated LH, markedly elevated plasma insulin, and stromal hyperthecosis. @entity0 with HA-nIR probably have a primary @entity4 as the cause of their @entity6 . @entity0 with HA-IR probably have a primary metabolic abnormality as the cause of their @entity6 . The relationship between @entity5 and @entity6 is one example of the complex interrelationships that exist between central metabolism and reproduction.

title: @entity5 and XXXX . Cause and effect.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two cases of @entity3 are reported. The @entity0 in the first case was a 61-year-old male with a two-year history of cough and exertional @entity7 , who died of intractable @entity6 two months after admission without establishment of a diagnosis related to the etiology of @entity6 . Autopsy revealed a sessile @entity1 within the pulmonary trunk and a solitary metastatic lesion in the lung. Histologic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies were performed and a diagnosis of @entity4 was made. The @entity0 in the second case was a 32-year-old male complaining of exertional @entity7 and @entity5 . Radiologic studies indicated a mediastinal @entity1 involving the pulmonary artery. Exploratory thoracotomy revealed that the mediastinal mass arose from the left pulmonary artery. He died of @entity8 26 months after onset of his initial symptoms. Histologic, immunocytochemical and electron microscopic studies of both surgical and autopsy materials revealed a malignant @entity2 . One hundred ten previously reported cases of this @entity1 are reviewed, and its clinicopathologic and morphologic features and probable histogenesis are discussed.

title: XXXX . Report of two autopsy cases studied by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, and review of 110 cases reported in the literature.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The link between elevated plasma @entity2 levels and @entity4 is now well established. During the past decade, results from therapeutic trials indicate that control of @entity7 does result in lower cardiovascular risk. Many of these results were obtained in @entity6 , middle-aged @entity0 . Comparable data in @entity0 are not available but it is inferred that they would also benefit from @entity2 reduction. Results from the Coronary Drug Project, extended over 15 years, indicate that lipid-lowering therapy with @entity8 for 5 years was associated with a decrease in total mortality as well as mortality from @entity3 . In the studies performed for shorter periods (5 to 7 years), therapy lowered only @entity1 and mortality but had no beneficial effect on total mortality. A reduction in cardiovascular risk begins to appear 24 to 28 months after the initiation of therapy and continues to accrue thereafter. The relatively uniform results from recent large-scale clinical trials (Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial, Coronary Drug Project, Helsinki Heart Study) indicate that @entity2 reduction, per se, probably explains the lower @entity1 and mortality observed in these trials. As a result of these trials, recent redefinitions of @entity7 and more aggressive treatment programs have been recommended. These guidelines stress assessment of all cardiovascular risk factors and recommend individualized care of the @entity0 . To control @entity7 , conservative measures with diet are recommended before therapy with medication is considered. Recent clinical trial experience indicates that the clinician can have significant impact on @entity5 by identifying and treating @entity0 with plasma @entity2 levels in the high-risk range.

title: Therapeutic control of hyperlipidemia in the prevention of XXXX : a review of results from recent clinical trials.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity6 , a selective @entity5 reuptake inhibitor, was compared with @entity7 and placebo in a double-blind study. In total, 81 @entity1 @entity0 were included. @entity0 were rated weekly on the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and the Montgomery _ Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). The duration was 6 weeks, and 52 @entity0 completed the study. Significantly more @entity0 on @entity6 improved than @entity0 on placebo. For @entity7 no significant differences were found with either @entity6 or placebo. Mean @entity1 at the end of the study was also statistically significantly lower for @entity6 , but not for @entity7 , than placebo. Subscores of the MADRS showed improved sleep on @entity7 at weeks 2 and 3. Suicidal feelings were reduced to a greater degree on @entity6 than on @entity7 and placebo at weeks 6 and 7. @entity6 induced @entity2 , while @entity0 on @entity7 gained weight. Side effects were present in most @entity0 on the two active drugs; those on @entity6 experienced @entity3 and @entity4 , and those on @entity7 drowsiness.

title: A comparative clinical trial of @entity6 , @entity7 and placebo in XXXX outpatients.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 , a selective @entity5 reuptake inhibitor, was compared with @entity7 and placebo in a double-blind study. In total, 81 @entity1 @entity0 were included. @entity0 were rated weekly on the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and the Montgomery _ Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). The duration was 6 weeks, and 52 @entity0 completed the study. Significantly more @entity0 on @entity6 improved than @entity0 on placebo. For @entity7 no significant differences were found with either @entity6 or placebo. Mean @entity1 at the end of the study was also statistically significantly lower for @entity6 , but not for @entity7 , than placebo. Subscores of the MADRS showed improved sleep on @entity7 at weeks 2 and 3. Suicidal feelings were reduced to a greater degree on @entity6 than on @entity7 and placebo at weeks 6 and 7. @entity6 induced @entity2 , while @entity0 on @entity7 gained weight. Side effects were present in most @entity0 on the two active drugs; those on @entity6 experienced @entity3 and @entity4 , and those on @entity7 drowsiness.

title: A comparative clinical trial of @entity6 , XXXX and placebo in @entity1 outpatients.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity6 , a selective @entity5 reuptake inhibitor, was compared with @entity7 and placebo in a double-blind study. In total, 81 @entity1 @entity0 were included. @entity0 were rated weekly on the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and the Montgomery _ Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). The duration was 6 weeks, and 52 @entity0 completed the study. Significantly more @entity0 on @entity6 improved than @entity0 on placebo. For @entity7 no significant differences were found with either @entity6 or placebo. Mean @entity1 at the end of the study was also statistically significantly lower for @entity6 , but not for @entity7 , than placebo. Subscores of the MADRS showed improved sleep on @entity7 at weeks 2 and 3. Suicidal feelings were reduced to a greater degree on @entity6 than on @entity7 and placebo at weeks 6 and 7. @entity6 induced @entity2 , while @entity0 on @entity7 gained weight. Side effects were present in most @entity0 on the two active drugs; those on @entity6 experienced @entity3 and @entity4 , and those on @entity7 drowsiness.

title: A comparative clinical trial of XXXX , @entity7 and placebo in @entity1 outpatients.

answer: @entity6


abstract: A case of @entity6 with ring Y chromosome is reported. The @entity0 was a 3-year-old @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity1 . Culture of peripheral lymphocytes demonstrated a chromosomal mosaicism of 45 X/46 X, r (Y). Moreover, the chromosomal study with high resolution Q-band method revealed the presence of double ring Y (ring Y and double ring Y with the ratio of 25: 5). A well-developed @entity5 was discovered by retrograde cystourethrography. @entity4 were absent at exploratory laparotomy. The gonads existed in the scrotum on the left side and in the inguinal pouch on the right. Both gonads were proved to be testes histologically, but bilateral was deferens were absent and its remnant was found in the retroperitoneal cavity. Plastic surgery for the @entity2 was performed. Only 30 cases of ring Y chromosome have been reported in the world including our case and we briefly reviewed these cases.

title: [A case of XXXX with structural abnormalities of Y chromosome (ring Y)].

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To find @entity2 mortality in the city of Barcelona. DESIGN: Descriptive study of mortality. SETTING: City of Barcelona. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Deaths due to @entity2 in the city of Barcelona in the period 1983-1993 were studied through the register of mortality at Barcelona's Municipal Institute of Health, which in turn is supplied by the Statistical Gazette of Deaths. Rates of mortality per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated, overall and broken down by sex and by age. The ratio of mortality comparing city districts and the place and season of decease was also worked out. RESULTS: There were 716 @entity1 due to @entity2 (overall rate of 3.82/100,000 inhabitants; 3.3 in @entity0 and 4.33 in @entity0 ). Almost two-thirds of @entity1 occurred in @entity0 over 65. Mortality was stable in the entire period except in the over-65s, in which a downwards trend was discerned (beta=-0.63; P=.037). For the 5-34 year old group, the rate oscillated between 0.1 and 0.6/100,000 inhabitants. The number of @entity1 in the over-65s was greater in winter (31.7%; 95% CI, 27.8-35.7). 56.2% of @entity1 occurred at home. @entity1 were more common among @entity0 (P<.001) and the under-65s, and their trend is upwards (P=.004). CONCLUSIONS: Asthma mortality in the city of Barcelona was stable during the period studied. Its rate for the 5-34 year-old age group was higher than for Spain and slightly greater than in similar nearby countries.

title: [Mortality due to XXXX in the city of Barcelona (1983-1993)].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to characterize the @entity1 sequence of a selected Stachybotrys chartarum component and to investigate @entity0 IgE reactivity against components of S. chartarum and nine other fungal species. METHODS: @entity0 IgE reactivity against S. chartarum and nine other fungal extracts was investigated by the immunoblotting method. For automated @entity1 sequencing analyses, the S. chartarum extract was purified by ion exchange chromatography prior to in-gel alkylation and digestion with modified trypsin. RESULTS: @entity0 IgE reactivity was detected against eight components in the S. chartarum extract. Over 80% of the sera from the exposed subjects and less than 50% of the control sera recognized the 33-, 48- and 50-kD S. chartarum components. The @entity0 sera detected a 48- to 50-kD component from the extracts of eight fungal species. Nineteen peptide sequences were identified from the 48-kD component of S. chartarum. An analysis of the peptide sequences revealed homology with known fungal glycoside hydrolase enzymes (cellulases). CONCLUSIONS: The data showed @entity0 IgE reactivity against several S. chartarum components, including one at 48 kD. On the other hand, the @entity0 sera recognized 48- to 50-kD components from seven other fungal species, suggesting shared antigenic components (e.g. enolase) between the fungi. Thus, to our knowledge, this is the first antigen identified from S. chartarum.

title: Partial XXXX sequence of a cellulase-like component with IgE-binding properties from Stachybotrys chartarum.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Short-chain @entity4 , particularly @entity6 , are major metabolic by-products of Bacteroides species. To determine their role as potential virulence factors in infections containing Bacteroides species, short-chain @entity4 were examined for their effect on the neutrophil respiratory burst. @entity6 (30 to 50 mM) irreversibly impaired @entity1 and @entity2 production in response to opsonized zymosan and @entity5 when neutrophils were treated at pH 5.5 but not pH 6.0 or greater. Several other short-chain @entity4 tested produced similar inhibition. Reversible inhibition of @entity0 consumption was found when neutrophils were incubated in @entity6 -containing medium (pH 6.0) as well as control medium (pH 6.0 and 5.5). Neutrophil cytoplasmic pH was measured by fluorimetric techniques to determine whether the inhibition was mediated via a reduction in intracellular pH. The intracellular pH of cells in control medium (pH 6.5 or less) was significantly reduced compared with pH 7.4. The addition of succinate (30 mM) to these media caused a further significant reduction in cytoplasmic pH at each pH level. The reduction in intracellular pH was sufficient to account for both the irreversible and reversible impairment of the neutrophil respiratory burst. Thus, short-chain @entity4 appear to exert their inhibition, at least in part, by reducing intracellular pH. These data also demonstrate the potential for interactions between Bacteroides species and their microenvironment to increase the virulence of an @entity3 .

title: The Bacteroides by-product XXXX inhibits neutrophil respiratory burst by reducing intracellular pH.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 remains a serious cause of ERCP-related morbidity. Topical application of @entity4 reportedly blunts @entity5 release from intestinal mucosa and reduces @entity3 . A randomized trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of @entity4 sprayed on the major duodenal papilla on the frequency of post-ERCP @entity2 . Secondary outcomes evaluated were ease of cannulation and severity of post-ERCP @entity2 . METHODS: @entity0 undergoing ERCP were randomized in blocks of 6 to have 10 mL of either 1% @entity4 or normal saline solution sprayed on the major papilla before cannulation. @entity0 were observed for the development of post-ERCP @entity2 . @entity0 history- and procedure-related variables were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 326 @entity0 were enrolled, of whom 32 were excluded after randomization but before analysis. Of @entity0 analyzed, 145 were randomized to treatment with @entity4 and 149 to placebo. No @entity0 was lost to follow-up. There was no significant difference noted in @entity0 history- or procedure-related variables. Seven @entity0 in the @entity4 group and 5 in the placebo group developed post-ERCP @entity2 (p=0.73). Ease of cannulation did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 sprayed on the major papilla does not decrease the frequency of post-ERCP @entity2 .

title: The effect of XXXX sprayed on the major duodenal papilla on the frequency of post-ERCP @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 remains a serious cause of ERCP-related morbidity. Topical application of @entity4 reportedly blunts @entity5 release from intestinal mucosa and reduces @entity3 . A randomized trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of @entity4 sprayed on the major duodenal papilla on the frequency of post-ERCP @entity2 . Secondary outcomes evaluated were ease of cannulation and severity of post-ERCP @entity2 . METHODS: @entity0 undergoing ERCP were randomized in blocks of 6 to have 10 mL of either 1% @entity4 or normal saline solution sprayed on the major papilla before cannulation. @entity0 were observed for the development of post-ERCP @entity2 . @entity0 history- and procedure-related variables were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 326 @entity0 were enrolled, of whom 32 were excluded after randomization but before analysis. Of @entity0 analyzed, 145 were randomized to treatment with @entity4 and 149 to placebo. No @entity0 was lost to follow-up. There was no significant difference noted in @entity0 history- or procedure-related variables. Seven @entity0 in the @entity4 group and 5 in the placebo group developed post-ERCP @entity2 (p=0.73). Ease of cannulation did not differ between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 sprayed on the major papilla does not decrease the frequency of post-ERCP @entity2 .

title: The effect of @entity4 sprayed on the major duodenal papilla on the frequency of post-ERCP XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Regulatory actions of transforming @entity5 -beta ( @entity3 ) on granulosa cell function were analyzed in cells cultured from the ovaries of @entity6 -implanted @entity0 . In the presence of a suboptimal concentration of FSH (5 ng/ml) that increased LH receptors by 100-fold during a 72-h culture, @entity3 augmented this response in a dose-dependent manner with a maximal effect at 16 pM. In contrast, the @entity5 inhibited the @entity8 response to an optimal dose of FSH (50 ng) by up to 50% and was inactive in the absence of gonadotropin. @entity3 also enhanced the formation of @entity1 by 5 ng FSH and partially inhibited the effects of higher FSH concentrations. However, the actions of @entity3 were more prominent on @entity8 induction than on @entity1 production with either low or high amounts of FSH. In addition, @entity3 had little effect on @entity1 production stimulated by cholera toxin or @entity4 , but amplified the actions of these ligands as well as that of @entity7 on @entity8 expression. @entity3 also modulated the steroidogenic activity of the granulosa cells, with increased production of @entity2 in response to 5-100 ng FSH. The bifunctional actions of @entity3 on FSH-induced @entity8 formation were observed throughout a 96-h culture period. However, the presence of the @entity5 was not required for the first 24 h of culture, indicating that @entity3 alters the later events involved in @entity8 formation. @entity3 augmented the stimulatory actions of 5 ng FSH on LH receptors in the absence or presence of insulin, but its inhibitory effect on these receptors was only observed in cells treated with insulin. These results indicate that @entity3 modifies FSH action during granulosa cell development in a biphasic manner. @entity3 can exert stimulatory or inhibitory effects depending upon the concentration of FSH and the presence of insulin, and these are due to alterations in @entity1 action as well as @entity1 production. Autocrine and/or endocrine actions of @entity3 during granulosa cell differentiation may be involved in the processes of follicle selection and development.

title: Bifunctional role of transforming XXXX -beta during granulosa cell development.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In vivo generation of angiotensins depends upon both plasma @entity3 and angiotensinogen concentrations. Those factors which may influence hepatic angiotensinogen synthesis and release were examined. We have evaluated in vivo the effects of converting enzyme inhibition on several plasma @entity3 -angiotensin system components, and, using an in vitro preparation of liver slices, we also investigated the effects of converting enzyme inhibition on the synthesis and release of hepatic angiotensinogen. Angiotensinogen concentrations were determined by two different methods. The first was an indirect enzymatic assay which measures the amount of @entity4 liberated from plasma by an excess of @entity3 . The second was a direct RIA that measures both angiotensinogen and its inactive residue the des- @entity4 -angiotensinogen. The difference between the methods represents the circulating levels of des- @entity4 -angiotensinogen. @entity2 administration in @entity1 -depleted @entity0 increased plasma concentrations of @entity3 , des- @entity4 -angiotensinogen, and @entity4 and decreased plasma angiotensinogen concentration measured by both methods. Plasma des- @entity4 -angiotensinogen was significantly correlated to plasma @entity3 concentration, which suggests an increase in the consumption of angiotensinogen when the @entity3 secretion is extremely increased. The angiotensinogen liver content and in vitro angiotensinogen release were decreased in @entity1 -depleted @entity0 treated with a converting enzyme inhibitor, and these parameters were negatively correlated to in vivo plasma levels of @entity3 , @entity4 , and des- @entity4 -angiotensinogen. They were positively correlated to plasma angiotensinogen concentration measured by the indirect assay. These data suggest that @entity2 administration during @entity1 depletion has two simultaneous effects: it increases angiotensinogen consumption and second, decreases angiotensinogen production and release.

title: Liver angiotensinogen synthesis and release during XXXX treatment in @entity1 -depleted @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In vivo generation of angiotensins depends upon both plasma @entity3 and angiotensinogen concentrations. Those factors which may influence hepatic angiotensinogen synthesis and release were examined. We have evaluated in vivo the effects of converting enzyme inhibition on several plasma @entity3 -angiotensin system components, and, using an in vitro preparation of liver slices, we also investigated the effects of converting enzyme inhibition on the synthesis and release of hepatic angiotensinogen. Angiotensinogen concentrations were determined by two different methods. The first was an indirect enzymatic assay which measures the amount of @entity4 liberated from plasma by an excess of @entity3 . The second was a direct RIA that measures both angiotensinogen and its inactive residue the des- @entity4 -angiotensinogen. The difference between the methods represents the circulating levels of des- @entity4 -angiotensinogen. @entity2 administration in @entity1 -depleted @entity0 increased plasma concentrations of @entity3 , des- @entity4 -angiotensinogen, and @entity4 and decreased plasma angiotensinogen concentration measured by both methods. Plasma des- @entity4 -angiotensinogen was significantly correlated to plasma @entity3 concentration, which suggests an increase in the consumption of angiotensinogen when the @entity3 secretion is extremely increased. The angiotensinogen liver content and in vitro angiotensinogen release were decreased in @entity1 -depleted @entity0 treated with a converting enzyme inhibitor, and these parameters were negatively correlated to in vivo plasma levels of @entity3 , @entity4 , and des- @entity4 -angiotensinogen. They were positively correlated to plasma angiotensinogen concentration measured by the indirect assay. These data suggest that @entity2 administration during @entity1 depletion has two simultaneous effects: it increases angiotensinogen consumption and second, decreases angiotensinogen production and release.

title: Liver angiotensinogen synthesis and release during @entity2 treatment in XXXX -depleted @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In vivo generation of angiotensins depends upon both plasma @entity3 and angiotensinogen concentrations. Those factors which may influence hepatic angiotensinogen synthesis and release were examined. We have evaluated in vivo the effects of converting enzyme inhibition on several plasma @entity3 -angiotensin system components, and, using an in vitro preparation of liver slices, we also investigated the effects of converting enzyme inhibition on the synthesis and release of hepatic angiotensinogen. Angiotensinogen concentrations were determined by two different methods. The first was an indirect enzymatic assay which measures the amount of @entity4 liberated from plasma by an excess of @entity3 . The second was a direct RIA that measures both angiotensinogen and its inactive residue the des- @entity4 -angiotensinogen. The difference between the methods represents the circulating levels of des- @entity4 -angiotensinogen. @entity2 administration in @entity1 -depleted @entity0 increased plasma concentrations of @entity3 , des- @entity4 -angiotensinogen, and @entity4 and decreased plasma angiotensinogen concentration measured by both methods. Plasma des- @entity4 -angiotensinogen was significantly correlated to plasma @entity3 concentration, which suggests an increase in the consumption of angiotensinogen when the @entity3 secretion is extremely increased. The angiotensinogen liver content and in vitro angiotensinogen release were decreased in @entity1 -depleted @entity0 treated with a converting enzyme inhibitor, and these parameters were negatively correlated to in vivo plasma levels of @entity3 , @entity4 , and des- @entity4 -angiotensinogen. They were positively correlated to plasma angiotensinogen concentration measured by the indirect assay. These data suggest that @entity2 administration during @entity1 depletion has two simultaneous effects: it increases angiotensinogen consumption and second, decreases angiotensinogen production and release.

title: Liver angiotensinogen synthesis and release during @entity2 treatment in @entity1 -depleted XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: From October 1996 to July 2001, 61 @entity0 received primary laparoscopy-assisted endorectal pull-through (LAERPT) for biopsy-proven @entity3 ( @entity3 ) at Mackay Memorial Hospital. The @entity0 ' ages at operation ranged from 7 days to 8 years. The @entity0 were followed up for an average of 3.8 years (range 1-5.5 years). Major complications occurred in five (8.1%) @entity0 , of whom four had surgical complications (two instances of anastomotic leakage, one @entity2 , and one delayed formation of @entity5 ) and one had postoperative Salmonella infection-induced @entity2 . The five @entity0 required a diverting colostomy and a redo-pull-through procedure. @entity1 developed in 13 (21%) @entity0 . All of them had @entity4 before the diagnosis of @entity3 was established. The majority of the episodes of @entity1 were mild and resolved spontaneously, but four neonates were hospitalized with significant systemic manifestations, and two of them needed a second operation to solve the problem. After primary LAERPT, stooling frequency in young @entity0 declined rapidly from 10.5+/-3.2 to 4.4+/-1.6 bowel movements per day in the first 3 months and more slowly thereafter. Most of these @entity0 had regular bowel movements one to two times per day 1 year after operation. Continence evaluation of the 43 @entity0 over 3 years of age was graded as normal in 24 (56%) @entity0 and good in 19 (44%) @entity0 . Of the 13 @entity0 between 1 and 3 years of age, 11 (85%) had regular normal stools, and two (15%) had occasional soiling. From the current study, the authors concluded that primary LAERPT is a safe and effective method of managing @entity3 with excellent continence results. Considering the complications of surgery and @entity1 , @entity0 with long segment @entity3 , severe @entity4 , or prominently dilated colon are not good candidates for primary LAERPT.

title: Experience with primary laparoscopy-assisted endorectal pull-through for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The records from 1965 to 1985 in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Kurume University Hospital were reviewed. In this period, 112 cases were fulfilled the criteria of @entity7 and they were carefully screened to clinical history, physical findings, operative findings, and histologic character of the lesion. The incidence of @entity7 in all @entity3 was 17.8%. The average age was 45.4 years with ranged from 23 to 71. As expected from this age distribution, 73 @entity0 (65%) were 50 years of age or younger. A primary @entity5 was found in 78 (69.6%) of 112 @entity0 . In three cases, the @entity7 were associated with a recent pregnancy. Two cases were associated with @entity2 . Microscopically, both ovaries were involved in all cases that could be evaluated for bilaterality. The relation between age distribution and histological characteristics was examined. @entity6 were observed frequently in young @entity0 and @entity5 in older @entity0 . @entity1 were remarkably common in younger @entity0 . In the @entity0 with a recent pregnancy, the abdominal mass developed rapidly after delivery. In addition, @entity4 receptors were present in all experimented cases. The above results suggested that @entity4 influences @entity1 development and the histological character many of @entity7 .

title: XXXX of the ovary: a clinicopathologic analysis of 112 cases.

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the optimal strategy of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for @entity6 . METHODS: Between 1992 and 2001, 7 @entity0 with @entity6 (aged 9 months to 13 years) underwent preoperative TACE. The chemoembolic agent used was an emulsion of @entity8 and @entity7 . Four @entity0 without distant @entity1 underwent "primary" TACE without systemic chemotherapy. The other 3 with distant metastases underwent "delayed" TACE following systemic chemotherapy. These @entity0 were all examined retrospectively using clinical data. RESULTS: The average dosage of @entity7 was 0.6 ml per @entity2 maximal diameter (cm). All the primary cases showed a significant decrease in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and a reduction in the @entity2 size. They consequently underwent a complete surgical resection and are now disease free. All the delayed cases showed a slight decrease in @entity3 and underwent complete surgical resection; however, two of them died of lung metastases, and the other died of a second @entity2 . Regarding complications, @entity4 and @entity5 occurred in one @entity0 each. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity0 without distant @entity1 , regardless of the resectability of the @entity2 , TACE may be considered the initial and only preoperative treatment, and it may be repeated. For @entity0 with distant metastases, their complete eradication with systemic chemotherapy prior to TACE is essential.

title: Optimal strategy of preoperative transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: We sought to establish whether the endogenous opiate-receptor agonist @entity13 ( @entity13 ) selectively modulates the release of endogenous @entity2 (Tyr) from brain slices prepared from the corpus striatum (CS). @entity7 ( @entity14 ) released from slices of CS and, for comparison, cerebral cortex (Cx) were measured by HPLC. Incubation of slices with @entity13 (1-10 microM) increased the basal release of Tyr (up to 293% of control) from CS, but not Cx, whereas other nonneurotransmitter @entity14 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity15 ( @entity11 ), were unchanged. The release of the putative neurotransmitter @entity14 @entity9 ( @entity1 ), @entity8 ( @entity16 ), and @entity10 ( @entity12 ) were similarly increased by 50-150% with @entity13 in slices of CS, but not Cx. The enhanced release of @entity14 by @entity13 was prevented by removal of extracellular @entity0 or by preincubation with the opiate receptor antagonist @entity6 . Neuronal depolarization by @entity4 (5-55 mM) in the presence of @entity0 did not affect the release of Tyr, whereas release of neurotransmitter @entity14 such as @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were markedly increased. The increase in basal Tyr release by @entity13 was not the result of a decreased uptake of Tyr. Relative to slices, the basal release of Tyr, @entity3 , and @entity11 from a synaptosomal (P2) preparation of CS was small (8-51%) compared to that of @entity5 , @entity12 , @entity1 , and @entity16 (49-123%). Nonetheless, @entity13 (10 microM) markedly increased the release of Tyr (to 833%), but not @entity1 , @entity12 , and @entity16 from the P2 fraction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Calcium-dependent release of XXXX in brain elicited by stimulation of neuropeptide receptors.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Three agonists with the highest degree of selectivity available for mu ( @entity3 , @entity3 ), delta ([ D- @entity5 ,D-Pen5]enkephalin, DPDPE) and kappa (U-50,488H, U50) opioid receptors were compared for their activity in inhibiting @entity2 -induced writhing in @entity0 . Additionally, three reference agonists for mu ( @entity1 ), delta ([ D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin, DADLE) and kappa ( @entity6 , KC) receptors were also studied in this test. The agonists were given directly into the lateral cerebral ventricle (i.c.v.) or into the lumbar spinal subarachnoid space (intrathecal), and the potency of each compound was compared across injection sites and with data previously obtained in a thermal analgesic test ( @entity0 hot-plate test). The rank order of potency for inhibition of writhing after i.c.v. administration was @entity3 greater than DADLE greater than @entity1 greater than DPDPE; KC and U50 showed no significant activity by this route. After intrathecal administration, the compounds inhibited writhing with a rank potency order of @entity3 greater than KC greater than @entity1 = @entity4 greater than DPDPE greater than U50. All compounds were more potent in inhibiting writhing at spinal sites than at supraspinal sites; DPDPE and @entity3 were 15 and 24 times more potent after intrathecal than after i.c.v. administration, respectively. The proposed delta agonists DPDPE and DADLE inhibited writhing at both spinal and supraspinal sites. Further, although the proposed kappa-acting compounds KC and U50 were effective at relatively low doses at spinal levels, these compounds lacked activity at supraspinal sites at doses not causing sedation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Supraspinal and spinal potency of selective opioid agonists in the XXXX writhing test.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the @entity5 -unstained region expanding around @entity3 ( @entity3 ) by quantification of telomerase activity. The @entity7 often observed around @entity3 is considered to cause local recurrence or a second @entity1 . However these areas are hard to distinguish from normal mucosa. To clear the border of the expanding @entity7 around @entity3 , we stained with 3% @entity5 solution, and then decided the surgical margin. We measured quantification of telomerase activity in @entity1 , in @entity7 , and also in normal epithelium. Thirty-three primary cases of oral @entity3 which have @entity5 -unstained region around lesions were investigated. Fluorescense-based @entity6 was applied to obtain quantification of telomerase activity. We obtained the following results: histological examination confirmed that every @entity0 's unstained region consisted of various degrees of @entity7 . The quantified telomerase activities for @entity3 , @entity7 and normal epithelium were 53.9, 39.6 and 2.7 U/microgP, respectively, and there was a significant difference between @entity2 and normal areas, and between @entity4 and normal epithelium. Therefore, these findings suggest that the areas of @entity7 unstained by @entity5 consist of cells that are nearly cancerous and excessively proliferative, and that @entity7 around @entity3 should be resected together with the @entity1 . Vital staining with @entity5 is useful for identifying @entity7 around @entity3 .

title: Quantification of telomerase activity of regions unstained with @entity5 solution that surround XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this study was to analyze the @entity5 -unstained region expanding around @entity3 ( @entity3 ) by quantification of telomerase activity. The @entity7 often observed around @entity3 is considered to cause local recurrence or a second @entity1 . However these areas are hard to distinguish from normal mucosa. To clear the border of the expanding @entity7 around @entity3 , we stained with 3% @entity5 solution, and then decided the surgical margin. We measured quantification of telomerase activity in @entity1 , in @entity7 , and also in normal epithelium. Thirty-three primary cases of oral @entity3 which have @entity5 -unstained region around lesions were investigated. Fluorescense-based @entity6 was applied to obtain quantification of telomerase activity. We obtained the following results: histological examination confirmed that every @entity0 's unstained region consisted of various degrees of @entity7 . The quantified telomerase activities for @entity3 , @entity7 and normal epithelium were 53.9, 39.6 and 2.7 U/microgP, respectively, and there was a significant difference between @entity2 and normal areas, and between @entity4 and normal epithelium. Therefore, these findings suggest that the areas of @entity7 unstained by @entity5 consist of cells that are nearly cancerous and excessively proliferative, and that @entity7 around @entity3 should be resected together with the @entity1 . Vital staining with @entity5 is useful for identifying @entity7 around @entity3 .

title: Quantification of telomerase activity of regions unstained with XXXX solution that surround @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The @entity1 immunoglobulin kappa gene enhancer has previously been found to coincide with a region of altered chromatin structure reflected in a @entity4 hypersensitivity site detectable on Southern blots of B-cell DNA. We examined the chromatin structure of the homologous region of @entity0 DNA using the high-resolution electroblotting method originally developed for genomic sequence analysis by G. Church and W. Gilbert (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81:1991-1995, 1984). Analysis of DNA isolated from cells treated in vivo with @entity5 revealed two B-cell-specific sites of enhanced @entity3 methylation. Both sites are located within perfect inverted repeats theoretically capable of forming cruciform structures; one of these repeats overlaps an enhancer core sequence. No enhancement or protection of @entity3 methylation was observed within sequences similar to sites of altered methylation previously described in the immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer. Treatment of isolated nuclei with @entity4 or a variety of restriction endonucleases defined a B-cell-specific approximately 0.25-kilobase region of enhanced nuclease susceptibility similar to that observed in the @entity1 kappa enhancer. The 130-base-pair DNA segment that shows high sequence conservation between @entity0 , @entity1 , and @entity2 DNAs lies at the 5' end of the nuclease-susceptible region.

title: XXXX immunoglobulin kappa gene enhancer: chromatin structure analysis at high resolution.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The basis for the reduced maximum diastolic potential of @entity0 @entity1 surviving one day after extensive transmural @entity4 was investigated, using double-barrel @entity3 and @entity5 ion-sensitive microelectrodes. The maximum diastolic potential of Purkinje fibers in @entity4 preparations from the left ventricular apex measured during the first hour of superfusion in a tissue bath was -50.1 +/- 13.7 mV, a value markedly reduced from the value in control Purkinje fibers from noninfarcted preparations (-85.0 +/- 4.5 mV). The intracellular @entity3 ion activity was reduced by 50.4 mM during this time (intracellular @entity3 ion activity equals 61.6 +/- 16.1 mM, as compared to control intracellular @entity3 ion activity of 112 +/- 19.8 mM). The @entity3 equilibrium potential was reduced by 16.0 mV (from -97.2 +/- 4.7 mV in controls to -81.2 +/- 6.9 mV), thus accounting for about one half of the reduction in the maximum diastolic potential. After 6 hours of superfusion, the maximum diastolic potential increased to -78.9 +/- 8.7 mV (still significantly less than control). The @entity3 equilibrium potential had largely recovered (-93.8 +/- 5.9 mV). The intracellular @entity5 ion activity of Purkinje fibers in the @entity4 (15.6 +/- 6.9 mM) was elevated during the first hour of superfusion by 6.2 mM compared to control (9.4 +/- 2.6 mM), and this was only 12% as much as the initial intracellular @entity3 ion activity decrease. @entity5 ion activity after 3-6 hours of superfusion was not significantly different than normal (12.1 +/- 4.9 mM). In conclusion, only a portion of the maximum diastolic potential changes can be explained by a reduction of the @entity3 equilibrium potential. It is likely that change(s) in the cell membrane @entity5 - @entity3 pump's function and in the membrane conductance are also involved. Furthermore, the lack of a compensatory increase in intracellular @entity5 ion activity accompanying the large reduction of intracellular @entity3 ion activity may be a consequence of the cellular acidosis, which is known to occur during @entity2 .

title: Intracellular K+ activity, intracellular Na+ activity and maximum diastolic potential of @entity0 subendocardial Purkinje cells from one-day-old XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The basis for the reduced maximum diastolic potential of @entity0 @entity1 surviving one day after extensive transmural @entity4 was investigated, using double-barrel @entity3 and @entity5 ion-sensitive microelectrodes. The maximum diastolic potential of Purkinje fibers in @entity4 preparations from the left ventricular apex measured during the first hour of superfusion in a tissue bath was -50.1 +/- 13.7 mV, a value markedly reduced from the value in control Purkinje fibers from noninfarcted preparations (-85.0 +/- 4.5 mV). The intracellular @entity3 ion activity was reduced by 50.4 mM during this time (intracellular @entity3 ion activity equals 61.6 +/- 16.1 mM, as compared to control intracellular @entity3 ion activity of 112 +/- 19.8 mM). The @entity3 equilibrium potential was reduced by 16.0 mV (from -97.2 +/- 4.7 mV in controls to -81.2 +/- 6.9 mV), thus accounting for about one half of the reduction in the maximum diastolic potential. After 6 hours of superfusion, the maximum diastolic potential increased to -78.9 +/- 8.7 mV (still significantly less than control). The @entity3 equilibrium potential had largely recovered (-93.8 +/- 5.9 mV). The intracellular @entity5 ion activity of Purkinje fibers in the @entity4 (15.6 +/- 6.9 mM) was elevated during the first hour of superfusion by 6.2 mM compared to control (9.4 +/- 2.6 mM), and this was only 12% as much as the initial intracellular @entity3 ion activity decrease. @entity5 ion activity after 3-6 hours of superfusion was not significantly different than normal (12.1 +/- 4.9 mM). In conclusion, only a portion of the maximum diastolic potential changes can be explained by a reduction of the @entity3 equilibrium potential. It is likely that change(s) in the cell membrane @entity5 - @entity3 pump's function and in the membrane conductance are also involved. Furthermore, the lack of a compensatory increase in intracellular @entity5 ion activity accompanying the large reduction of intracellular @entity3 ion activity may be a consequence of the cellular acidosis, which is known to occur during @entity2 .

title: Intracellular K+ activity, intracellular Na+ activity and maximum diastolic potential of XXXX subendocardial Purkinje cells from one-day-old @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A test battery compiled to diagnose @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in an adult population was used on a population of 9-16-year-old @entity0 . The battery consisted of eight tests (words -in noise, filtered speech, binaural fusion, dichotic digits, frequency and duration patterns, backward masking, categorical perception, digit span) and a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were computed on data obtained from 75 @entity0 from primary school (age 9-12 years) and 30 adolescents from secondary school (age 14-16 years) with normal hearing and normal intelligence. Most test scores did not follow a normal distribution. Age effects were present in most tests, within the group as well as when @entity0 and adolescents were compared to adults. This suggests that maturation of auditory processing abilities takes place even during adolescence. Relative measures regarding ear differences and binaural versus monaural scores did not appear to be age-related. These measures might be useful in diagnosing APD, supplementary to the absolute measures. Factor analysis showed four components that address underlying processes. However, these results must be interpreted cautiously because the study did not include any subjects with APD.

title: Age effects and normative data on a Dutch test battery for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity6 is associated with high rates of mortality and it is the most prevalent among @entity2 . It is a multifactorial disease, and its prevention depends on control of risk factors. Resting electrocardiogram can be used to detect manifestations of @entity6 , since some electrocardiographic abnormalities are indicative of @entity5 in asymptomatic subjects. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between electrocardiographic abnormalities and risk factors for @entity6 in an adult population from the metropolitan area of S  o Paulo. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in an adult population (age 20 years and over) from Cotia, near S  o Paulo, southeastern of Brazil. The study population comprised 1067 subjects. The subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire. The variables studied were: gender, age, smoking behaviour, physical activity, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, @entity1 , blood lipids (total @entity4 , LDL- @entity4 , HDL- @entity4 and @entity9 ) and electrocardiographic abnormalities. @entity7 were grouped according to the classification: @entity8 changes, @entity10 and abnormalities non related to @entity6 or without abnormalities. RESULTS: The population was relatively -young (79% younger than 50 years, mean age 39.8 +/- 13.2 years old), and 59.3% were female. The resting electrocardiogram showed @entity8 changes in 9.5% of the subjects and @entity10 in 3.3%. Female gender, age over 65 years for @entity0 and 55 years for @entity0 , @entity1 , @entity3 , total @entity4 >/= 200 mg/dl, LDL- @entity4 >/=130 mg/dl, @entity9 >/=200 mg/dl, body mass index >/= 25 Kg/m2 and abnormal waist-to-hip ratio, were positively related to @entity8 changes. Male gender, @entity1 , @entity3 and smoking behaviour were positively related to @entity10 . In the presence of @entity8 changes on the ECG, we observed an odds ratio of 3.54 for the diagnosis of @entity3 an of 1.83 for total @entity4 >/= 200 mg/dl. In the presence of @entity10 on the ECG, we found an odds ratio of 5.92 for @entity3 diagnosis. Among the three most important risk factors correlated to electrocardiographic abnormalities indicative of @entity6 , two can be controlled by nutritional intervention ( @entity3 and total @entity4 >/= 200 mg/dl). This findings suggest the importance of its early detection. Future studies should determine the predictive value of the electrocardiogram, a simple and inexpensive method, suggesting the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in epidemiological and nutritional studies.

title: [ XXXX and cardiovascular risk factors for @entity6 in an adult population from S  o Paulo, Brazil].

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity6 is associated with high rates of mortality and it is the most prevalent among @entity2 . It is a multifactorial disease, and its prevention depends on control of risk factors. Resting electrocardiogram can be used to detect manifestations of @entity6 , since some electrocardiographic abnormalities are indicative of @entity5 in asymptomatic subjects. The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between electrocardiographic abnormalities and risk factors for @entity6 in an adult population from the metropolitan area of S  o Paulo. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out in an adult population (age 20 years and over) from Cotia, near S  o Paulo, southeastern of Brazil. The study population comprised 1067 subjects. The subjects were interviewed using a questionnaire. The variables studied were: gender, age, smoking behaviour, physical activity, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure, @entity1 , blood lipids (total @entity4 , LDL- @entity4 , HDL- @entity4 and @entity9 ) and electrocardiographic abnormalities. @entity7 were grouped according to the classification: @entity8 changes, @entity10 and abnormalities non related to @entity6 or without abnormalities. RESULTS: The population was relatively -young (79% younger than 50 years, mean age 39.8 +/- 13.2 years old), and 59.3% were female. The resting electrocardiogram showed @entity8 changes in 9.5% of the subjects and @entity10 in 3.3%. Female gender, age over 65 years for @entity0 and 55 years for @entity0 , @entity1 , @entity3 , total @entity4 >/= 200 mg/dl, LDL- @entity4 >/=130 mg/dl, @entity9 >/=200 mg/dl, body mass index >/= 25 Kg/m2 and abnormal waist-to-hip ratio, were positively related to @entity8 changes. Male gender, @entity1 , @entity3 and smoking behaviour were positively related to @entity10 . In the presence of @entity8 changes on the ECG, we observed an odds ratio of 3.54 for the diagnosis of @entity3 an of 1.83 for total @entity4 >/= 200 mg/dl. In the presence of @entity10 on the ECG, we found an odds ratio of 5.92 for @entity3 diagnosis. Among the three most important risk factors correlated to electrocardiographic abnormalities indicative of @entity6 , two can be controlled by nutritional intervention ( @entity3 and total @entity4 >/= 200 mg/dl). This findings suggest the importance of its early detection. Future studies should determine the predictive value of the electrocardiogram, a simple and inexpensive method, suggesting the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in epidemiological and nutritional studies.

title: [ @entity7 and cardiovascular risk factors for XXXX in an adult population from S  o Paulo, Brazil].

answer: @entity6


abstract: The sand- @entity3 (Psammomys obesus) is an animal model for the study of @entity0 @entity6 onset @entity1 which appears to be controlled by caloric intake. In the present investigations, these animals have been studied in relation to the influence of low- and high-energy diets on body weight, plasma insulin and blood @entity5 levels, and on insulin secretion from the perfused pancreas and the secretion of @entity4 ( @entity4 , ACTH18-39) and the insulin secretagogue beta-cell-tropin (beta-CT, ACTH22-39) from the @entity7 . The sand- @entity3 maintained on the high-energy diet all became @entity2 . Insulin secretion from the perfused pancreas of the @entity2 sand- @entity3 in the presence of 5.6 mM @entity5 was significantly higher than in the lean controls maintained on low-energy diets. Increasing the @entity5 concentration to 16.7 mM only produced a small stimulation of insulin secretion in the @entity2 animals, and the difference between the two groups was not significant. Stimulation of insulin secretion by beta-CT was variable, but the @entity2 animals appeared to be more responsive. @entity7 were incubated for 4 h to measure the secretion of the ACTH related peptide. These were separated by gel filtration and the concentrations measured by radioimmunoassay with a @entity4 antiserum and a @entity4 standard. In all experiments beta-CT was 4-6 per cent of the total @entity4 immunoreactive material. In these experiments the @entity2 animals maintained on a high-energy diet were divided into two groups, those with plasma insulin levels less than 500 mu u/ml and those with insulin levels greater than 500 mu u/ml. The latter group had a significantly higher blood @entity5 level, presumably due to the insulin resistance resulting from the severe hyperinsulinaemia. It was also observed that @entity4 -IRM and beta-CT secretion was lower in this group than in the animals maintained on low-energy diets or those on high-energy diets with moderate hyperinsulinaemia. This suggests a possible feedback inhibition by insulin on the secretion of beta-CT.

title: Studies on insulin secretion and the pituitary insulin secretagogue beta-cell-tropin in the sand- XXXX (Psammomys obesus).

answer: @entity3


abstract: Female @entity4 mutation carriers develop in up to 50% @entity0 ( @entity0 ) before age 50 years. We investigated whether the specific histologic features of @entity3 /2-associated @entity0 influence imaging. We correlated the mammographic results with the histology of 34 @entity0 in @entity4 mutation carriers and 34 @entity2 in @entity1 , matched for age and year of diagnosis. Mammography was significantly more frequently false-negative in carriers than controls (62% vs. 29% p = 0.01), despite comparable @entity2 size (mean solidus in circle 1.51 vs. 1.75) and breast density (high 41% vs. 53%). The image in carriers was significantly less as spiculated mass (6 vs. 18 p = 0.01). Cancers of @entity3 /2 mutation carriers had frequently higher mitotic counts (p < 0.0001) and prominent pushing margins around the @entity2 (p = 0.08) (p = 0.05 for 32 @entity3 ). We also observed that prominent "pushing margins" correlated significantly with a false-negative mammography (p = 0.005) and with a mammographic image of a smooth, not a spiculated, mass (p = 0.01). False-negative mammography correlated independently with: @entity3 /2 mutation (p = 0.02), prominent pushing margins (p = 0.03) and high breast density (p = 0.01). MRI was carried out in 12 carriers, had 100% sensitivity and detected 5 @entity2 , still occult at physical examination and mammography. A @entity3 /2 mutation and high breast density at mammography contribute independently to false-negative mammography results. In mutation carriers any mammographic mass must be regarded with suspicion. Pushing margins of the @entity2 partly explain these results. For early @entity0 detection in mutation carriers additional methods like MRI may be needed. This may not be necessary in other young @entity1 with breast symptoms.

title: A XXXX mutation, high breast density and prominent pushing margins of a @entity2 independently contribute to a frequent false-negative mammography.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Female @entity4 mutation carriers develop in up to 50% @entity0 ( @entity0 ) before age 50 years. We investigated whether the specific histologic features of @entity3 /2-associated @entity0 influence imaging. We correlated the mammographic results with the histology of 34 @entity0 in @entity4 mutation carriers and 34 @entity2 in @entity1 , matched for age and year of diagnosis. Mammography was significantly more frequently false-negative in carriers than controls (62% vs. 29% p = 0.01), despite comparable @entity2 size (mean solidus in circle 1.51 vs. 1.75) and breast density (high 41% vs. 53%). The image in carriers was significantly less as spiculated mass (6 vs. 18 p = 0.01). Cancers of @entity3 /2 mutation carriers had frequently higher mitotic counts (p < 0.0001) and prominent pushing margins around the @entity2 (p = 0.08) (p = 0.05 for 32 @entity3 ). We also observed that prominent "pushing margins" correlated significantly with a false-negative mammography (p = 0.005) and with a mammographic image of a smooth, not a spiculated, mass (p = 0.01). False-negative mammography correlated independently with: @entity3 /2 mutation (p = 0.02), prominent pushing margins (p = 0.03) and high breast density (p = 0.01). MRI was carried out in 12 carriers, had 100% sensitivity and detected 5 @entity2 , still occult at physical examination and mammography. A @entity3 /2 mutation and high breast density at mammography contribute independently to false-negative mammography results. In mutation carriers any mammographic mass must be regarded with suspicion. Pushing margins of the @entity2 partly explain these results. For early @entity0 detection in mutation carriers additional methods like MRI may be needed. This may not be necessary in other young @entity1 with breast symptoms.

title: A @entity4 mutation, high breast density and prominent pushing margins of a XXXX independently contribute to a frequent false-negative mammography.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Qualitative and quantitative evaluations of the cellular components of bronchoalveolar washings of @entity2 with experimental @entity9 -3 virus @entity0 and control @entity2 were made. @entity2 were exposed to 10(9) TCID50 of PI-3 by intranasal aerosol exposure and bronchoalveolar cells obtained 7 days after infection by volume-controlled bronchopulmonary lavage. Transient @entity8 and @entity1 occurred in all infected @entity2 , and virus was recoverable at 7 days from nasal swabs and lung tissue. Pulmonary lesions were typical of @entity5 , characterized by patchy @entity6 and @entity7 with accumulations of cells and inflammatory debris. The mean total lavage cell yield was elevated in the virus-infected @entity2 , and the percentage of neutrophils was elevated (P less than 0.05). Increased numbers of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were also recovered but the difference was not significant. Linear regression equations showed that a decreased proportion of @entity4 from virus-infected animals were phagocytic. The mean initial phagocytic rates of macrophages from @entity2 with @entity5 were significantly decreased (P less than 0.05) over controls. This difference was concentration dependent and required a phagocytic stimulus in excess of 12.5 X 10(6) beads/ml. Studies of phagocytic kinetics showed that @entity4 from @entity2 with @entity5 had a lower Vmax than @entity4 from control @entity2 , but that Km values were comparable. No differences in @entity4 beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase activity were observed. These results indicate depressed phagocytic function in PI-3 virus-inflamed lungs relative to controls. In concert with virus-induced airway lesions, such in vivo depression of @entity4 phagocytic functions would be expected to @entity3 pulmonary particulate clearance and lung defense mechanisms.

title: Alveolar macrophage phagocytic kinetics following pulmonary XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: To investigate the relation between left ventricular chamber dynamics in @entity0 and the quantitative analysis of the histologic and biochemical characteristics of left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy material, 15 @entity0 with a wide range of ventricular function were studied. The pressure-volume relation was determined using simultaneous gated radionuclide angiography, echocardiography and micromanometer pressure. The derived chamber dynamics were then compared with quantitative histologic data (percent @entity1 and cell diameter) and @entity2 content measurements obtained from the left ventricular biopsy specimen obtained at the time of the pressure-volume studies. The measures of systolic function correlated linearly with high energy @entity3 content. The @entity2 /protein ratio (nanomoles) was shown to parallel ejection fraction (r = 0.81), peak ejection rate (r = -0.73) and peak positive maximal rate of rise in left ventricular pressure (dP/dt) (r = 0.79). No correlation was observed between these variables and the percent @entity1 or cell diameter. Variable results were found in comparing the diastolic properties of the left ventricle with the biopsy data. In general, the high energy @entity3 content correlated with measures of active relaxation, but not with the passive filling characteristics of the left ventricle. The @entity2 /protein ratio was linearly related to peak negative dP/dt (r = -0.74) and the peak filling rate (r = 0.76) but correlated less well with other measures of active and passive @entity4 . No correlation was found between any diastolic variable and the percent @entity1 or cell diameter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Histologic and biochemical correlates of left ventricular chamber dynamics in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: There exists a strong interaction between @entity2 and @entity7 , and these membrane lipids are even considered as the drug receptors. To shed some light on the role of such an interaction in the drug nephrotoxicity, we have investigated the influence of @entity2 on @entity10 metabolism in kidney proximal tubules where these compounds accumulate. Experiments were carried out by measuring 32P labelling of @entity5 ( @entity11 ) and of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) after incubation of homogenates of isolated proximal tubules with [gamma-32P] @entity4 . The treatment of @entity0 with @entity9 , @entity3 and @entity8 (50, 50 and 300 mg/kg/day, respectively for seven days) promoted a decrease in 32P-PI-P2 and an increase in 32P-PI-P, when compared to the respective values observed in tubules from untreated @entity0 . Under these conditions, the extent of modifications in lipid labelling was similar with the three drugs tested. In in vitro experiments, the exogenous addition of the above @entity2 to the incubation medium containing tubule homogenates from untreated @entity0 also produced, in a dose dependent manner, a decrease in 32P-PI-P2 and an increase in 32P-PI-P. In the in vitro experiments, however, @entity8 and @entity3 appeared to be less potent than @entity9 . The results indicated moreover that @entity10 metabolism was more sensitive to the in vivo (vs. in vitro) action of the drugs. @entity7 are involved in @entity1 transport and/or mobilization processes, and @entity2 are known to interfere with the @entity1 binding to membranes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Aminoglycoside-induced alterations of XXXX metabolism.

answer: @entity10


abstract: A 45-year-old male with incomplete type of Beh  et's disease was operated on because of @entity5 . The post-operative course was uneventful. On twenty-one months after discharge, the @entity0 noticed left @entity1 and tarry stool, and was referred to our hospital. Computed tomography and angiography showed @entity6 at the proximal aortic @entity4 site. Aortic reconstruction was performed, but the @entity0 died on 36th post-operative day. We analysed the reports of 95 cases of @entity2 associated with vasculo-Beh  et's disease in Japan. This series comprised 82 @entity0 , 9 @entity0 and 4 unknowns. The cases were classified to four groups, which were incomplete type (48 cases), complete type (27 cases), suspected type (12 cases) and unknown (8 cases). They had 46 @entity2 . Operation was performed on 29 @entity3 and 73 peripheral @entity2 . Eleven @entity3 and twelve peripheral @entity2 had @entity4 complication post-operatively. Four cases after reconstruction of @entity5 was complicated with @entity6 . They were all dead post-operatively. Vasculo-Beh  et's disease with @entity3 is comparatively a rare entity and morbidity and mortality is high because of its etiological characteristics.

title: [A case of @entity6 after reconstruction of an XXXX associated with Beh  et's disease and special reference to 95 reported cases in Japan].

answer: @entity5


abstract: A 45-year-old male with incomplete type of Beh  et's disease was operated on because of @entity5 . The post-operative course was uneventful. On twenty-one months after discharge, the @entity0 noticed left @entity1 and tarry stool, and was referred to our hospital. Computed tomography and angiography showed @entity6 at the proximal aortic @entity4 site. Aortic reconstruction was performed, but the @entity0 died on 36th post-operative day. We analysed the reports of 95 cases of @entity2 associated with vasculo-Beh  et's disease in Japan. This series comprised 82 @entity0 , 9 @entity0 and 4 unknowns. The cases were classified to four groups, which were incomplete type (48 cases), complete type (27 cases), suspected type (12 cases) and unknown (8 cases). They had 46 @entity2 . Operation was performed on 29 @entity3 and 73 peripheral @entity2 . Eleven @entity3 and twelve peripheral @entity2 had @entity4 complication post-operatively. Four cases after reconstruction of @entity5 was complicated with @entity6 . They were all dead post-operatively. Vasculo-Beh  et's disease with @entity3 is comparatively a rare entity and morbidity and mortality is high because of its etiological characteristics.

title: [A case of XXXX after reconstruction of an @entity5 associated with Beh  et's disease and special reference to 95 reported cases in Japan].

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The effect of 5 mg @entity3 for 4 days was tested with ice-cubes before and after 4 days of treatment in 12 @entity0 with cold @entity1 . They had been asked not to take any antihistamine for at least 4 days. OBJECTIVE: To find the effect of @entity3 on wheals and itching induced by cold. METHOD: Ice-cubes in a thin plastic foil were placed on the inside of forearms for 0.5 to12 minutes. The time needed to produce a confluent @entity1 , four or more small wheals and fewer than four small wheals were registered, together with the degree of itching. RESULTS: Before treatment a mean of 6.2 minutes was needed to cause a confluent @entity1 , and itching occurred in seven of the @entity0 . Four or more small wheals were observed after a mean of 3.7 minutes and fewer than four after a mean of 1.2 minutes. One 5 mg tablet of @entity3 was then given each morning for 4 days and the ice-cube test was repeated 4-5 hours after the last dose: no confluent @entity1 and no itching occurred in any of the @entity0 . Four or more small wheals were seen in two @entity0 after 12 minutes, but there was no such reaction in the other 10 @entity0 ; in seven @entity0 one to three small wheals developed. After 2-3 months of continued treatment four @entity0 had noticed some wheals when out in the cold, but no itching. The symptoms of one @entity0 with a delayed reaction after exposure to @entity2 totally after a dose increase to 10 mg. CONCLUSION: @entity3 markedly inhibited the reactions to cold induced @entity1 .

title: Inhibition of cold XXXX by @entity3 .

answer: @entity1