abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is characterized by motor and nonmotor symptoms. Nonmotor symptoms include primarily @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The aim of our study was to establish whether @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity2 ( @entity3 +) have structural changes of retina detected by an optical coherence tomography (OCT) in comparison with @entity1 @entity0 without @entity2 ( @entity3 -). We examined 52 @entity1 @entity0 (18 with @entity2 , 34 without @entity2 ) and 15 age and sex matched healthy controls. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular thickness and volume were assessed by OCT. Functional impairment of retina was assessed using 2.5% contrast sensitivity test. For OCT outcomes we analyzed 15 @entity3 + and 15 @entity3 - subjects matched for age, gender, and @entity1 duration. For contrast sensitivity we analyzed 8 pairs of @entity0 matched for age, gender, and visual acuity. There was no significant difference in RNFL thickness and macular thickness and macular volume between 15 @entity3 + and 15 @entity3 - subjects, and also between a group of 44 @entity1 @entity0 (both @entity3 + and @entity3 -) and 15 age and gender matched healthy controls. No significant difference was found for 2.5% contrast sensitivity test values between @entity3 + and @entity3 - subjects. Therefore we conclude that functional and structural changes in retina play no role in genesis of @entity2 in @entity1 .

title: Changes of retina are not involved in the genesis of @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is characterized by motor and nonmotor symptoms. Nonmotor symptoms include primarily @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The aim of our study was to establish whether @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity2 ( @entity3 +) have structural changes of retina detected by an optical coherence tomography (OCT) in comparison with @entity1 @entity0 without @entity2 ( @entity3 -). We examined 52 @entity1 @entity0 (18 with @entity2 , 34 without @entity2 ) and 15 age and sex matched healthy controls. Retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular thickness and volume were assessed by OCT. Functional impairment of retina was assessed using 2.5% contrast sensitivity test. For OCT outcomes we analyzed 15 @entity3 + and 15 @entity3 - subjects matched for age, gender, and @entity1 duration. For contrast sensitivity we analyzed 8 pairs of @entity0 matched for age, gender, and visual acuity. There was no significant difference in RNFL thickness and macular thickness and macular volume between 15 @entity3 + and 15 @entity3 - subjects, and also between a group of 44 @entity1 @entity0 (both @entity3 + and @entity3 -) and 15 age and gender matched healthy controls. No significant difference was found for 2.5% contrast sensitivity test values between @entity3 + and @entity3 - subjects. Therefore we conclude that functional and structural changes in retina play no role in genesis of @entity2 in @entity1 .

title: Changes of retina are not involved in the genesis of XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 due to @entity4 ( @entity4 ) can lead to significant @entity1 and increased restlessness. Our objective was to assess whether naturally occurring @entity3 @entity4 is associated with nighttime restlessness and so has potential as a model of @entity1 . The study was designed as a two-part prospective masked, placebo-controlled study using client-owned @entity3 (Part A n = 60; Part B n = 19). Inclusion criteria consisted of @entity4 -associated joint @entity2 . The primary outcome measure for both parts was nighttime accelerometry. In Part B, quality of sleep was assessed using a clinical metrology instrument (Sleep and Night Time Restlessness Evaluation Score, SNoRE). Part A included @entity3 receiving two weeks of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) preceded with two weeks of no treatment. Part B was a crossover study, with NSAID/placebo administered for two weeks followed by a washout period of one week and another two weeks of NSAID/placebo. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess differences between baseline and treatment. There were no significant changes in accelerometry-measured nighttime activity as a result of NSAID administration. SNoRE measures indicated significant improvements in aspects of the quality of nighttime sleep that did not involve obvious movement. These results reflect the few similar studies in @entity0 @entity4 @entity0 . Although accelerometry does not appear to be useful, this model has potential to model the @entity0 @entity2 -related nighttime @entity1 , and other outcome measures should be explored in this model.

title: Initial evaluation of nighttime restlessness in a naturally occurring @entity3 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 due to @entity4 ( @entity4 ) can lead to significant @entity1 and increased restlessness. Our objective was to assess whether naturally occurring @entity3 @entity4 is associated with nighttime restlessness and so has potential as a model of @entity1 . The study was designed as a two-part prospective masked, placebo-controlled study using client-owned @entity3 (Part A n = 60; Part B n = 19). Inclusion criteria consisted of @entity4 -associated joint @entity2 . The primary outcome measure for both parts was nighttime accelerometry. In Part B, quality of sleep was assessed using a clinical metrology instrument (Sleep and Night Time Restlessness Evaluation Score, SNoRE). Part A included @entity3 receiving two weeks of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) preceded with two weeks of no treatment. Part B was a crossover study, with NSAID/placebo administered for two weeks followed by a washout period of one week and another two weeks of NSAID/placebo. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess differences between baseline and treatment. There were no significant changes in accelerometry-measured nighttime activity as a result of NSAID administration. SNoRE measures indicated significant improvements in aspects of the quality of nighttime sleep that did not involve obvious movement. These results reflect the few similar studies in @entity0 @entity4 @entity0 . Although accelerometry does not appear to be useful, this model has potential to model the @entity0 @entity2 -related nighttime @entity1 , and other outcome measures should be explored in this model.

title: Initial evaluation of nighttime restlessness in a naturally occurring XXXX model of @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Brush cytology has a low sensitivity for the diagnosis of @entity1 . This study aimed to compare the standard approach (brush cytology) with a triple modality approach utilizing brush cytology, forceps biopsy and fluorescence in situ hybridization in terms of sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of @entity1 . METHODS: In a retrospective study at a single academic center, 50 @entity0 underwent triple modality testing. Additionally, 61 @entity0 underwent brush cytology alone. Intervention was endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with brush cytology, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and forceps biopsy. The main outcome measures included sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value. RESULTS: Overall, 50 @entity0 underwent triple tissue sampling, and 61 @entity0 underwent brush cytology alone. Twenty-two @entity0 were eventually diagnosed with @entity1 . Brush cytology had a sensitivity of 42%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 88%. Triple tissue sampling had an overall sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 87%. Within the triple test group, brush cytology had a sensitivity of 27%, forceps biopsy had a sensitivity of 50%, and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis had a sensitivity of 59%. CONCLUSIONS: A triple modality approach results in a marked increase in sensitivity for the diagnosis of @entity1 compared with single modality testing such as brush cytology and should be considered in the evaluation of indeterminate or suspicious @entity2 .

title: Triple modality testing by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for the diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Text message delivered prevention interventions have the potential to improve health behaviors on a large scale, including reducing hazardous @entity1 consumption in young adults. Online crowdsourcing can be used to efficiently develop relevant messages, but remains largely understudied. This study aims to use online crowdsourcing to evaluate young adult attitudes toward expert-authored messages and to collect peer-authored messages. We designed an online survey with four drinking scenarios and a demographic questionnaire. We made it available to @entity0 who reported age 18-25  years, residence in the US, and any lifetime @entity1 consumption via the Amazon Mechanical Turk crowdsourcing platform. @entity0 rated 71 sample text messages on instrumental (helpful) and affective (interesting) attitude scales and generated their own messages. All messages were coded as informational, motivational, or strategy facilitating. We examined differences in attitudes by message type and by drinking status and sex. We surveyed 272 @entity0 in 48  h, and 222 were included in analysis for a total @entity0 payment cost of  178. Sample mean age was 23  years old, with 50  % being female, 65  % being of white race, and 78  % scored as hazardous drinkers. Informational messages were rated the most helpful, whereas motivational messages were rated the most interesting. Hazardous drinkers rated informational messages less helpful than non-hazardous drinkers. @entity0 reported messages less helpful and interesting than @entity0 for most categories. Young adults authored 161 messages, with the highest proportion being motivational. Young adults had variable instrumental and affective attitudes toward expert-authored messages. They generated a substantial number of peer-authored messages that could enhance relevance of future @entity1 prevention interventions.

title: Using online crowdsourcing to understand young adult attitudes toward expert-authored messages aimed at reducing hazardous XXXX consumption and to collect peer-authored messages.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Endothelial cell (EC)-dependent vasodilation by @entity11 ( @entity11 ) is preserved in small caliber arteries in disease states where vasodilation by muscarinic receptors is decreased. In this study, we identified and characterized the @entity11 -mediated intracellular @entity2 ( @entity1 )-release mechanisms in EC from small caliber arteries in healthy and diseased states. Mesenteric arterial EC were isolated from @entity11 wild-type (WT) and null @entity0 , after saline (controls) or @entity10 ( @entity10 ) infusion, for imaging intracellular @entity2 and characterizing the @entity2 -release system by immunofluorescence. EC @entity1 signals comprised two forms of @entity1 -release events that had distinct spatial-temporal properties and occurred near either the plasmalemma (peripheral) or center of EC. In healthy EC, @entity11 -dependent increases in the densities and firing rates of both forms of @entity1 -release were abolished by @entity3 receptor ( @entity9 ) inhibitor, but partially reduced by transient potential vanilloid channels inhibitor @entity8 red (RR). @entity5 ( @entity7 )-induced less overall @entity1 -release than @entity11 activation, but enhanced selectively the incidence of central events. @entity11 -dependent @entity1 -activity, inhibitors sensitivities, @entity9 , small- and intermediate-conductance @entity1 -activated @entity6 channels expressions were unchanged in EC from @entity10 WT. However, the same cells exhibited decreases in @entity7 -induced @entity1 -release, RR sensitivity, and endothelial @entity4 synthase expression, indicating @entity10 -induced dysfunction was differentiated by receptor, @entity1 -release, and downstream targets of EC activation. We conclude that @entity11 and muscarinic receptors selectively elicit two elementary @entity1 signals in single EC. @entity11 -selective @entity9 -dependent peripheral @entity1 -release mechanisms are identical between healthy and diseased states. Further study of @entity11 -selective @entity1 -release for eliciting pathological and/or normal EC functions is warranted.

title: Small caliber arterial endothelial cells XXXX signals elicited by @entity11 are preserved from endothelial dysfunction.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Endothelial cell (EC)-dependent vasodilation by @entity11 ( @entity11 ) is preserved in small caliber arteries in disease states where vasodilation by muscarinic receptors is decreased. In this study, we identified and characterized the @entity11 -mediated intracellular @entity2 ( @entity1 )-release mechanisms in EC from small caliber arteries in healthy and diseased states. Mesenteric arterial EC were isolated from @entity11 wild-type (WT) and null @entity0 , after saline (controls) or @entity10 ( @entity10 ) infusion, for imaging intracellular @entity2 and characterizing the @entity2 -release system by immunofluorescence. EC @entity1 signals comprised two forms of @entity1 -release events that had distinct spatial-temporal properties and occurred near either the plasmalemma (peripheral) or center of EC. In healthy EC, @entity11 -dependent increases in the densities and firing rates of both forms of @entity1 -release were abolished by @entity3 receptor ( @entity9 ) inhibitor, but partially reduced by transient potential vanilloid channels inhibitor @entity8 red (RR). @entity5 ( @entity7 )-induced less overall @entity1 -release than @entity11 activation, but enhanced selectively the incidence of central events. @entity11 -dependent @entity1 -activity, inhibitors sensitivities, @entity9 , small- and intermediate-conductance @entity1 -activated @entity6 channels expressions were unchanged in EC from @entity10 WT. However, the same cells exhibited decreases in @entity7 -induced @entity1 -release, RR sensitivity, and endothelial @entity4 synthase expression, indicating @entity10 -induced dysfunction was differentiated by receptor, @entity1 -release, and downstream targets of EC activation. We conclude that @entity11 and muscarinic receptors selectively elicit two elementary @entity1 signals in single EC. @entity11 -selective @entity9 -dependent peripheral @entity1 -release mechanisms are identical between healthy and diseased states. Further study of @entity11 -selective @entity1 -release for eliciting pathological and/or normal EC functions is warranted.

title: Small caliber arterial endothelial cells @entity2 signals elicited by XXXX are preserved from endothelial dysfunction.

answer: @entity11


abstract: Systemic availability of @entity1 ( @entity2 ) in normal @entity0 subjects after oral ingestion of 1 g in three different formulations was determined by using high-pressure liquid chromatography for @entity2 assay. For an effervescent, a plain and a sustained release preparation systemic availabilities expressed in percent of the ingested dose were 16.9 +/- 3.2, 8.6 +/- 1.2 and 2.6 +/- 0.4%, respectively. All subjects had clearly measureable amounts of @entity2 in plasma after oral intake of a sustained release preparation with an average peak concentration of 15 mumol/l. Peak concentration after an effervescent and plain formulation was on the average 80 and 40 mumol/l, respectively. Half-life of @entity2 in plasma was 18.1 +/- 1.2 min. for the effervescent and 28.7 +/- 5.3 min. for the plain preparation, while the elimination phase was too ill defined for the sustained release formulation. Average plasma half-life of @entity3 (SA) was similar after the three different administration forms with values between 3.0 and 3.7 hrs. Further, no difference in SA distribution volumes or amounts of SA absorbed was found. The present study demonstrates that oral ingestion of @entity2 in effervescent, plain and sustained release formulations gives rise to significant amounts of @entity2 in plasma. Concentrations found indicate that long-term antithrombotic therapy with @entity2 in a sustained release formulation may be possible.

title: Systemic availability of XXXX in @entity0 subjects after oral ingestion of three different formulations.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Systemic availability of @entity1 ( @entity2 ) in normal @entity0 subjects after oral ingestion of 1 g in three different formulations was determined by using high-pressure liquid chromatography for @entity2 assay. For an effervescent, a plain and a sustained release preparation systemic availabilities expressed in percent of the ingested dose were 16.9 +/- 3.2, 8.6 +/- 1.2 and 2.6 +/- 0.4%, respectively. All subjects had clearly measureable amounts of @entity2 in plasma after oral intake of a sustained release preparation with an average peak concentration of 15 mumol/l. Peak concentration after an effervescent and plain formulation was on the average 80 and 40 mumol/l, respectively. Half-life of @entity2 in plasma was 18.1 +/- 1.2 min. for the effervescent and 28.7 +/- 5.3 min. for the plain preparation, while the elimination phase was too ill defined for the sustained release formulation. Average plasma half-life of @entity3 (SA) was similar after the three different administration forms with values between 3.0 and 3.7 hrs. Further, no difference in SA distribution volumes or amounts of SA absorbed was found. The present study demonstrates that oral ingestion of @entity2 in effervescent, plain and sustained release formulations gives rise to significant amounts of @entity2 in plasma. Concentrations found indicate that long-term antithrombotic therapy with @entity2 in a sustained release formulation may be possible.

title: Systemic availability of @entity1 in XXXX subjects after oral ingestion of three different formulations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Although exceedingly rare, catastrophic @entity1 may result from endotracheal intubation of @entity0 with preexisting cervical @entity2 . The authors report on 2 cases of @entity4 resulting from emergent endotracheal intubation in the intensive care unit. A 68-year-old @entity0 with @entity5 became @entity4 after emergent intubation. A new C6-7 fracturedislocation was identified, and the @entity0 underwent emergent open reduction and C4-T2 posterior fixation and fusion. The @entity0 remained @entity4 and ultimately died of pneumonia 1 year later. This is the first report with radiographic documentation of a cervical @entity3 resulting from intubation in a @entity0 with @entity5 . A 73-year-old @entity0 underwent posterior C6-T1 decompression and fixation for a C6-7 @entity3 . On postoperative Day 12, emergent intubation for respiratory distress resulted in C6-level @entity4 . Imaging revealed acute spondyloptosis at C6-7, and the @entity0 underwent emergent open reduction with revision and extension of posterior fusion from @entity6 -2. He remained @entity4 and ventilator dependent. Five days after the second operation, care was withdrawn. This is the first report of intubation as a cause of significant @entity1 related to disruption of a recently fixated cervical @entity3 . Risk factors are identified and pertinent literature is reviewed for cases of catastrophic @entity1 after emergent endotracheal intubation. Strategies for obtaining airway control in @entity0 with cervical spine pathology are also identified. Awareness of the potential dangers of airway management in @entity0 with cervical spine pathology is critical for all involved subspecialty team members.

title: Catastrophic XXXX of emergent endotracheal intubation: report of 2 cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Neutralizing strategies are secondary to obsessions and an additional cause of distress and interference, but they have received little attention in theories and research, especially the non-ritualized covert strategies. This study focuses on the comparative impact of non-ritualized covert and compulsive-overt strategies in the course of @entity2 . METHODS: Eighty-two @entity2 adult @entity0 completed measures assessing distress, interference, appraisals and overt and covert neutralizing strategies to control obsessions. Thirty-eight @entity0 who had completed cognitive therapy were assessed again after treatment. RESULTS: Only overt compulsions are associated with @entity2 severity. Nonetheless, considering the main symptom dimension, covert strategies are also associated with severity in @entity0 with moral-based obsessions. @entity0 who used covert strategies more frequently, compared to those who use them less, reported more sadness, guilt, control importance, interference, and dysfunctional appraisals. Regarding the overt strategies, @entity0 who used them more reported more @entity1 and ascribed more personal meaning to their obsessions than the @entity0 who used them less. After treatment, recovered @entity0 decreased their use of both covert and overt strategies, while non-recovered @entity0 did not. There was a higher rate of non-recovered @entity0 among those who used more non-ritualized covert strategies before treatment. LIMITATIONS: Emotions and appraisals were assessed with a single item. @entity2 symptom dimensions were only assessed by the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to studying overt compulsions, the impact of covert neutralizing strategies on the @entity2 course and severity warrants more in-depth study.

title: Discovering what is hidden: The role of non-ritualized covert neutralizing strategies in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Growth plate morphometry and measurements of serum chemistry were correlated to clarify the pathogenesis of @entity5 and @entity4 . Accumulation of proliferating and maturing cartilage in @entity5 chicks is accompanied by increased length and increased variation in length of perforating epiphyseal vessels, decreased number and abnormal arrangement of marrow spaces, an increased proportion of cells to blood vessels in marrow spaces, and a change in the distribution but not the total number of DNA-synthesizing chondrocytes per unit width of growth plate. Accumulation of @entity1 cartilage in @entity4 is accompanied by no change in length, distribution, or number of perforating epiphyseal vessels, elongation but no change in number or arrangement of marrow spaces, an increase in the relative proportion of blood vessels to cells in the marrow spaces, and no change in distribution but a decrease in total number of DNA-synthesizing chondrocytes per unit width of growth plate. Both types of rickets have decreased amounts of calcified cartilage. These results provide further evidence that @entity2 and @entity3 cause morphologically distinct types of rickets in birds. The data indicate that the thickness of the proliferating and maturing region and hence the distance of the @entity1 zones from the epiphysis are anatomically and temporally related to length of perforating epiphyseal vessels and serum @entity0 levels. They indicate that in @entity5 of proliferating and maturing cartilage is unlikely to be the result of increased chondrocyte replication and that the relative rates of chondrocyte @entity1 and resorption of @entity1 cartilage by marrow are equal. They support the concept that delayed chondrocyte @entity1 is the major cause of growth plate thickening in @entity5 . Data presented in this study, when considered together with data from the literature on @entity4 , support the long-held concept that growth plate thickening in this disease is caused primarily by a decreased rate of resorption of @entity1 cartilage by marrow relative to the rates of chondrocyte proliferation, maturation, and @entity1 . The data further support the concepts that growth of cartilage into marrow is a biphasic process including longitudinal growth effected mainly by blood vessels, and resorption of the lateral walls of marrow spaces effected mainly by marrow cells, and that it is the latter phase that is defective in @entity3 .

title: Studies on the pathogenesis of avian rickets. I. Changes in epiphyseal and metaphyseal vessels in XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Growth plate morphometry and measurements of serum chemistry were correlated to clarify the pathogenesis of @entity5 and @entity4 . Accumulation of proliferating and maturing cartilage in @entity5 chicks is accompanied by increased length and increased variation in length of perforating epiphyseal vessels, decreased number and abnormal arrangement of marrow spaces, an increased proportion of cells to blood vessels in marrow spaces, and a change in the distribution but not the total number of DNA-synthesizing chondrocytes per unit width of growth plate. Accumulation of @entity1 cartilage in @entity4 is accompanied by no change in length, distribution, or number of perforating epiphyseal vessels, elongation but no change in number or arrangement of marrow spaces, an increase in the relative proportion of blood vessels to cells in the marrow spaces, and no change in distribution but a decrease in total number of DNA-synthesizing chondrocytes per unit width of growth plate. Both types of rickets have decreased amounts of calcified cartilage. These results provide further evidence that @entity2 and @entity3 cause morphologically distinct types of rickets in birds. The data indicate that the thickness of the proliferating and maturing region and hence the distance of the @entity1 zones from the epiphysis are anatomically and temporally related to length of perforating epiphyseal vessels and serum @entity0 levels. They indicate that in @entity5 of proliferating and maturing cartilage is unlikely to be the result of increased chondrocyte replication and that the relative rates of chondrocyte @entity1 and resorption of @entity1 cartilage by marrow are equal. They support the concept that delayed chondrocyte @entity1 is the major cause of growth plate thickening in @entity5 . Data presented in this study, when considered together with data from the literature on @entity4 , support the long-held concept that growth plate thickening in this disease is caused primarily by a decreased rate of resorption of @entity1 cartilage by marrow relative to the rates of chondrocyte proliferation, maturation, and @entity1 . The data further support the concepts that growth of cartilage into marrow is a biphasic process including longitudinal growth effected mainly by blood vessels, and resorption of the lateral walls of marrow spaces effected mainly by marrow cells, and that it is the latter phase that is defective in @entity3 .

title: Studies on the pathogenesis of avian rickets. I. Changes in epiphyseal and metaphyseal vessels in @entity5 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: High- @entity3 diets have been associated with   -cell strain, @entity4 , and @entity1 . We examined how b-cell and endothelial function adapt to @entity3 overloading and the influence of insulin resistance. On sequential days in randomized order, nondiabetic subjects (classified as insulin-sensitive (IS, n=64) or insulin-resistant (IR, n=79) by euglycemic clamp) received 4 mixed meals over 14 hours with either standard (300 kcal) or double @entity3 content. b-cell function was reconstructed by mathematical modeling; brachial artery @entity0 ( @entity0 ) was measured before and after each meal. Compared with IS, IR subjects showed higher glycemias and insulin hypersecretion due to greater   -cell @entity2 and rate sensitivity; potentiation of insulin secretion, however, was impaired. Circulating FFA were less suppressed in IR than IS subjects. Baseline @entity0 was reduced in IR, and postprandial @entity0 attenuation occurred after each meal, particularly with high @entity3 , similarly in IR and IS. Throughout the 2 study days, higher FFA levels were significantly associated with lower (incretin-induced) potentiation and impaired @entity0 . In nondiabetic individuals, enhanced @entity2 sensitivity and potentiation upregulate the insulin secretory response to @entity3 overloading. With insulin resistance this adaptation is impaired. Defective suppression of endogenous FFA is one common link between impaired potentiation and vascular @entity1 .

title: Adaptation of b-cell and Endothelial Function to XXXX Loading: Influence of Insulin Resistance.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Endogenous regeneration has been demonstrated in the @entity0 heart after @entity2 . However, approximately one-third of cases of @entity5 are secondary to nonischemic @entity4 and cardiac regeneration in these cases remains relatively unexplored. We, therefore, aimed at quantifying the rate of new cardiomyocyte formation at different stages of nonischemic @entity3 . Six-, 12-, 29-, and 44-week-old mdx @entity1 received a 7 day pulse of @entity6 . Quantification of isolated cardiomyocyte nuclei was undertaken using cytometric analysis to exclude nondiploid nuclei. Between 6-7 and 12-13 weeks, there was a statistically significant increase in the number of @entity6 -labeled nuclei in the mdx hearts compared with wild-type controls. This difference was lost by the 29-30 week time point, and a significant decrease in cardiomyocyte generation was observed in both the control and mdx hearts by 44-45 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated @entity6 -labeled nuclei exclusively in mononucleated cardiomyocytes. This study demonstrates cardiomyocyte regeneration in a nonischemic model of @entity0 @entity3 , controlling for changes in nuclear ploidy, which is lost with age, and confirms a decrease in baseline rates of cardiomyocyte regeneration with aging. While not attempting to address the cellular source of regeneration, it confirms the potential utility of innate regeneration as a therapeutic target.

title: Cardiomyocyte Regeneration in the mdx @entity1 Model of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Endogenous regeneration has been demonstrated in the @entity0 heart after @entity2 . However, approximately one-third of cases of @entity5 are secondary to nonischemic @entity4 and cardiac regeneration in these cases remains relatively unexplored. We, therefore, aimed at quantifying the rate of new cardiomyocyte formation at different stages of nonischemic @entity3 . Six-, 12-, 29-, and 44-week-old mdx @entity1 received a 7 day pulse of @entity6 . Quantification of isolated cardiomyocyte nuclei was undertaken using cytometric analysis to exclude nondiploid nuclei. Between 6-7 and 12-13 weeks, there was a statistically significant increase in the number of @entity6 -labeled nuclei in the mdx hearts compared with wild-type controls. This difference was lost by the 29-30 week time point, and a significant decrease in cardiomyocyte generation was observed in both the control and mdx hearts by 44-45 weeks. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated @entity6 -labeled nuclei exclusively in mononucleated cardiomyocytes. This study demonstrates cardiomyocyte regeneration in a nonischemic model of @entity0 @entity3 , controlling for changes in nuclear ploidy, which is lost with age, and confirms a decrease in baseline rates of cardiomyocyte regeneration with aging. While not attempting to address the cellular source of regeneration, it confirms the potential utility of innate regeneration as a therapeutic target.

title: Cardiomyocyte Regeneration in the mdx XXXX Model of @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3 is an uncommon @entity1 of the head and neck for which there is no defined treatment protocol. The purpose of this study is to report our experience with the treatment and patterns of failure of this disease. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 1994 to 2012, 37 previously unreported @entity0 with @entity3 were evaluated, and 32 eventually treated for cure at 2 academic medical centers. All @entity0 were staged with Kadish criteria. The mean and median follow-ups were 96.1 and 76.5months respectively (range 6-240months). RESULTS: The Kadish stage was A in 6 @entity0 , B in 13 @entity0 , and C in 13 @entity0 . Four @entity0 were initially treated with concurrent chemo-radiation therapy. Twenty-eight @entity0 were treated with primary surgery. Two (2) underwent open medial maxillectomy and 26 underwent craniofacial resection (open - 17, endoscopic - 9). Three @entity0 received curative surgical resection only. Seven @entity0 failed either within the @entity2 or distantly, 6 of the 7 are dead of disease, 10-194months following initial treatment. Six @entity0 had isolated neck recurrences, 4/6 were salvaged with neck dissection and additional chemo-radiation and remain alive 30-194months following initial treatment. Estimated overall survival rate at 10years was 78% based on Kadish and T stages. CONCLUSION: In this retrospective analysis of 32 @entity0 , Kadish stage C and stage T3/T4 @entity1 were associated with worse outcome. Total radiation dose of 60Gy, margin status, @entity0 age, were not found to have significant prognostic value.

title: Multidisciplinary treatment of XXXX : Patterns of failure and management of recurrence.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Telomeres were originally believed to be passive players in cellular replication, but recent research has highlighted their more active role in epigenetic patterning and promotion of cellular growth and survival. Furthermore, literature demonstrates that telomere length (TL) is responsive to environmental manipulations such as prenatal stress and dietary programming. As the search for a prognostic biomarker of concussion has had limited success, this study sought to examine whether or not telomere length (TL) could be an efficacious predictor of symptom severity in juvenile @entity2 following concussion. @entity2 from four distinct experimental groups (caloric restriction (CR), high fat diet (HFD), exercise (EX), and @entity1 ( @entity1 )) received a mild @entity3 (mTBI)/concussion and were then subjected to a behavioural test battery. The test battery was scored and the animals were categorized as poor, average, or good, based on their performance on the 6 tests examined. Skin cells (from ear notch samples) were taken 17days post-injury and DNA was extracted for telomere length analysis. Ear notch skin cell TL was highly correlated with brain tissue TL for a given individual. Animals in the CR and EX cohorts had significantly longer telomeres, while animals in the HFD cohort had significantly shorter telomeres, when compared to controls. The mTBI/concussion reduced TL in all cohorts except the EX group. A significant linear relationship was found between TL and performance on the behavioural test battery, whereby shorter telomeres were associated with poorer performance and longer telomeres with better performance. As performance on the test battery is linked to symptom severity, this study found TL to be a reasonable tool for concussion prognosis. Future studies with @entity0 populations should examine the validity of TL in peripheral cells, as a predictor of concussion pathology.

title: The use of telomere length as a predictive biomarker for injury prognosis in juvenile @entity2 following a concussion/mild XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Telomeres were originally believed to be passive players in cellular replication, but recent research has highlighted their more active role in epigenetic patterning and promotion of cellular growth and survival. Furthermore, literature demonstrates that telomere length (TL) is responsive to environmental manipulations such as prenatal stress and dietary programming. As the search for a prognostic biomarker of concussion has had limited success, this study sought to examine whether or not telomere length (TL) could be an efficacious predictor of symptom severity in juvenile @entity2 following concussion. @entity2 from four distinct experimental groups (caloric restriction (CR), high fat diet (HFD), exercise (EX), and @entity1 ( @entity1 )) received a mild @entity3 (mTBI)/concussion and were then subjected to a behavioural test battery. The test battery was scored and the animals were categorized as poor, average, or good, based on their performance on the 6 tests examined. Skin cells (from ear notch samples) were taken 17days post-injury and DNA was extracted for telomere length analysis. Ear notch skin cell TL was highly correlated with brain tissue TL for a given individual. Animals in the CR and EX cohorts had significantly longer telomeres, while animals in the HFD cohort had significantly shorter telomeres, when compared to controls. The mTBI/concussion reduced TL in all cohorts except the EX group. A significant linear relationship was found between TL and performance on the behavioural test battery, whereby shorter telomeres were associated with poorer performance and longer telomeres with better performance. As performance on the test battery is linked to symptom severity, this study found TL to be a reasonable tool for concussion prognosis. Future studies with @entity0 populations should examine the validity of TL in peripheral cells, as a predictor of concussion pathology.

title: The use of telomere length as a predictive biomarker for injury prognosis in juvenile XXXX following a concussion/mild @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity2 remains controversial, because no randomized controlled trials have been conducted to determine the best approach, and results of retrospective studies have been inconsistent. The objective of the present study was to compare pericardiocentesis and pericardiotomy with respect to efficacy for preventing recurrence, and to determine, for those two procedures, diagnostic yields, complication rates, and effects on survival. We also aimed to identify clinical and procedural factors that could predict effusion recurrence. METHODS: We retrospectively assessed 61 @entity0 who underwent a procedure for treatment of a @entity2 at the Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Qu  bec between February 2004 and September 2013. RESULTS: Pericardiocentesis was performed in 42 @entity0 , and pericardiotomy, in 19 @entity0 . The effusion recurrence rate was significantly higher in @entity0 treated with pericardiocentesis than with pericardiotomy (31.0% vs. 5.3%, p = 0.046). The diagnostic yield of the procedures was not significantly different (92.9% vs. 86.7%, p = 0.6). The overall rate of complications was similar in the two groups, as was the median overall survival (2.4 months vs. 2.6 months, p = 0.5). In univariate analyses, the procedure type was the only predictor of recurrence that approached statistical significance. Age, sex, type of @entity1 , presence of effusion at the time of @entity1 diagnosis, prior chest irradiation, tamponade upon presentation, and total volume of fluid removed did not influence the recurrence rate. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with pericardiocentesis, pericardiotomy had higher success rate in preventing recurrence of @entity2 , with similar diagnostic yields, complication rates, and overall survival.

title: Pericardiocentesis versus pericardiotomy for XXXX : a retrospective comparison.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Between 2007 and 2010, a prospective study was done on 85 @entity0 with severe @entity1 , in our center. Demographic features, severity of the deformity before and after serial casting according to Dim  glio classification, and complications were assessed. The mean age of the @entity0 was 8 days and 69% were male. The mean follow-up period was 26 months. The average number of castings used to correct the deformity was 5.7 times (range: 4 to 8). Tenotomy was performed in 76 (89.4%) of the feet. In all @entity0 , plantigrade foot was achieved. Tenotomy occurred more in @entity0 with higher Dim  glio scores. Although @entity0 who underwent Achilles tenotomy began to walk later than those who did not (13    7.2 versus 9.2    18), it was not significant (P = 0.06). Relapse rate, at the end of follow-up, was 27.1%. Dim  glio score before casting was 16    3.4 and at the end of follow-up it was 1.6    6.2. The @entity0 with bilateral clubfeet had inferior final outcome compared to those with unilateral clubfoot. Eighty percent of parents' were completely satisfied with their @entity0 's gait and foot appearance (94.1%). Ponseti method of manipulation and casting is a valuable technique in severe @entity2 as well as in common types.

title: Ponseti casting for severe XXXX : are clinical outcomes promising?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Introduction. Reversible @entity8 is becoming widely accepted as a rare cause of both @entity2 and @entity5 and should be evocated in case of thunderclap headaches associated with @entity3 . We present the case of a @entity0 with @entity2 @entity3 associated with cortical @entity4 (cSAH) and reversible diffuse arteries narrowing, leading to the diagnosis of reversible @entity6 . Case Report. A 48-year-old @entity0 came to the emergency department because of an unusual thunderclap @entity1 . The computed tomography of the brain completed by CT-angiography was unremarkable. Eleven days later, she was readmitted because of a left @entity9 . One day after her admission, she developed a @entity7 . The brain MRI showed @entity11 in the right frontal and occipital lobe and diffuse cSAH. The angiography showed vasoconstriction of the right anterior cerebral @entity10 of both middle cerebral arteries. @entity12 treatment was initiated and vasoconstriction completely regressed on day 16 after the first @entity1 . Conclusion. Our case shows a severe reversible @entity8 where both @entity5 and @entity2 complications were present at the same time. The history we reported shows that reversible @entity8 is still underrecognized, in particular in general emergency departments.

title: Acute XXXX at emergency department: reversible @entity8 complicated by @entity4 and cerebral infarction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Introduction. Reversible @entity8 is becoming widely accepted as a rare cause of both @entity2 and @entity5 and should be evocated in case of thunderclap headaches associated with @entity3 . We present the case of a @entity0 with @entity2 @entity3 associated with cortical @entity4 (cSAH) and reversible diffuse arteries narrowing, leading to the diagnosis of reversible @entity6 . Case Report. A 48-year-old @entity0 came to the emergency department because of an unusual thunderclap @entity1 . The computed tomography of the brain completed by CT-angiography was unremarkable. Eleven days later, she was readmitted because of a left @entity9 . One day after her admission, she developed a @entity7 . The brain MRI showed @entity11 in the right frontal and occipital lobe and diffuse cSAH. The angiography showed vasoconstriction of the right anterior cerebral @entity10 of both middle cerebral arteries. @entity12 treatment was initiated and vasoconstriction completely regressed on day 16 after the first @entity1 . Conclusion. Our case shows a severe reversible @entity8 where both @entity5 and @entity2 complications were present at the same time. The history we reported shows that reversible @entity8 is still underrecognized, in particular in general emergency departments.

title: Acute @entity1 at emergency department: reversible XXXX complicated by @entity4 and cerebral infarction.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Introduction. Reversible @entity8 is becoming widely accepted as a rare cause of both @entity2 and @entity5 and should be evocated in case of thunderclap headaches associated with @entity3 . We present the case of a @entity0 with @entity2 @entity3 associated with cortical @entity4 (cSAH) and reversible diffuse arteries narrowing, leading to the diagnosis of reversible @entity6 . Case Report. A 48-year-old @entity0 came to the emergency department because of an unusual thunderclap @entity1 . The computed tomography of the brain completed by CT-angiography was unremarkable. Eleven days later, she was readmitted because of a left @entity9 . One day after her admission, she developed a @entity7 . The brain MRI showed @entity11 in the right frontal and occipital lobe and diffuse cSAH. The angiography showed vasoconstriction of the right anterior cerebral @entity10 of both middle cerebral arteries. @entity12 treatment was initiated and vasoconstriction completely regressed on day 16 after the first @entity1 . Conclusion. Our case shows a severe reversible @entity8 where both @entity5 and @entity2 complications were present at the same time. The history we reported shows that reversible @entity8 is still underrecognized, in particular in general emergency departments.

title: Acute @entity1 at emergency department: reversible @entity8 complicated by XXXX and cerebral infarction.

answer: @entity4


abstract: This current concepts review outlines the role of different imaging modalities in the diagnosis, preoperative planning, and follow-up of osteochondral @entity5 . An osteochondral ankle defect involves the articular cartilage and subchondral bone (usually of the talus) and is mostly caused by an ankle supination @entity3 . Conventional radiographs are useful as an initial imaging tool in the diagnostic process, but have only moderate sensitivity for the detection of @entity6 . Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are more accurate imaging modalities. Recently, ultrasonography and single photon emission CT have been described for the evaluation of @entity6 . CT is the most valuable modality for assessing the exact location and size of @entity1 . Cartilage and subchondral @entity2 can be visualized using MRI, but the defect size tends to be overestimated due to bone @entity0 . CT with the ankle in full @entity4 has been shown a reliable tool for preoperative planning of the surgical approach. Postoperative imaging is useful for objective assessment of repair tissue or degenerative changes of the ankle joint. Plain radiography, CT and MRI have been used in outcome studies, and different scoring systems are available.

title: Diagnosing, planning and evaluating osteochondral XXXX with imaging modalities.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: To assess experimentally endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection (ESTD) as an alternative technique of endoscopic submucosal resection. @entity0 AND METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized, comparative experimental animal study carried out over a period of 9 months at the surgical research and teaching center of Aix-Marseille University, France. Virtual esophageal and @entity2 measuring 3cm in diameter were resected in @entity1 weighing 25 to 30kg. The primary aim was to evaluate ESTD's efficacy compared with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). The secondary aims were to determine complication rates as well as to assess procedure time and procedure speed, histologic quality of the resected specimen, and procedure cost. RESULTS: Eighteen procedures (9 ESD and 9 ESTD) were performed in nine @entity1 . The technical success rate was 88.9% for both techniques, with one single failure in each. The en bloc resection rate was 100% for ESTD and 88.9% for ESD (one failure). The complication rate (22%) and median procedure time were similar but dissection speed was quicker with ESTD in the esophagus (P=0.03). Median procedure cost (728 @entity3 for ESD and ESTD) did not differ. On histologic examination, the lateral margins were healthy in 100% of ESTD and in 88.9% of ESD (P=0.49). Deep resection margins were of better quality in ESTD (median submucosal thickness: 1307.1  m vs. 884.7  m; P=0.039). CONCLUSIONS: ESTD is feasible and safe but not superior in the treatment of superficial esophageal/ @entity2 in porcine models compared with ESD. Nevertheless it provides a better quality histologic specimen.

title: Prospective randomized comparison of endoscopic submucosal tunnel dissection and conventional submucosal dissection in the resection of superficial esophageal/ XXXX in a living porcine model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated the association between regional white and gray matter volume loss and performance on executive functions (EFs) in @entity0 with penetrating @entity4 (pTBI). METHODS: We studied 164 pTBI @entity0 and 43 healthy controls from the Vietnam @entity5 Study. We acquired CT scans for pTBI @entity0 and divided them according to lesion localization (left and right prefrontal cortex [PFC]). We administered EF tests (Verbal Fluency, @entity6 Making, Twenty Questions) and used voxel-based lesion symptom mapping (VLSM) and group-based correlational and multiple regression analyses to examine the relative influence of gray and @entity1 on EF recovery. RESULTS: The VLSM analysis revealed that white and gray @entity1 were associated with impaired EFs. In the @entity2 group, damage to the PFC gray matter, anterior corona radiata, and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) were most correlated with functional recovery. Verbal Fluency, which involves a broad fronto-temporo-parietal network, was best predicted by @entity7 lesion volume. @entity6 Making and Twenty Questions, which is associated with more focal @entity3 , was better predicted by PFC lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that white matter volume loss can be a superior predictor of recovery and a crucial factor driving clinical outcome in functions involving a broad network such as Verbal Fluency. White matter damage may place additional burden on recovery by deteriorating signal transmission between cortical areas within a functional network.

title: White and gray matter contributions to executive function recovery after XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 is the most common @entity3 worldwide. MicroRNA has become an ideal biomarker for @entity3 diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. The relationship between microRNA-141 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is contradictory. Thus, in current study, we aimed to investigate the level of microRNA-141 in @entity7 tissues and to evaluate its potential clinical value. This study enrolled 125 @entity7 @entity0 (75 males and 50 females) with a median age of 61 years (range, 23-90 years). @entity7 @entity0 included 23 @entity6 ( @entity6 ), 101 @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and 1 large cell @entity4 . The expression level of microRNA-141 was significantly higher in @entity7 tissues than in adjacent lung tissues (P < 0.001), detected by real time RT-PCR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) exhibited a moderate diagnostic value of microRNA-141 for @entity7 with the area under curve of 0.707. The microRNA-141 expression increased with the larger @entity3 size (P = 0.002), lymph node @entity2 (P = 0.018) and advanced stage (P = 0.022) in @entity7 @entity0 . For subgroup analysis, microRNA-141 expression in SCC was correlated with @entity3 size (r = 0.490, P = 0.018), and in ADC, microRNA-141 level was positively associated with @entity3 size (r = 0.222, P = 0.026), lymph node @entity2 (r = 0.242, P = 0.015) and TNM stage (r = 0.210, P = 0.035). Furthermore, univariate analysis revealed that the expression of microRNA-141 was an independent prognostic indicator of ADC. In conclusion, microRNA-141 is a potential biomarker for the molecular diagnosis and risk stratification of @entity7 .

title: MicroRNA-141 Is a Biomarker for Progression of XXXX and Adenocarcinoma of the Lung: Clinical Analysis of 125 @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity1 is the most common @entity3 worldwide. MicroRNA has become an ideal biomarker for @entity3 diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. The relationship between microRNA-141 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is contradictory. Thus, in current study, we aimed to investigate the level of microRNA-141 in @entity7 tissues and to evaluate its potential clinical value. This study enrolled 125 @entity7 @entity0 (75 males and 50 females) with a median age of 61 years (range, 23-90 years). @entity7 @entity0 included 23 @entity6 ( @entity6 ), 101 @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and 1 large cell @entity4 . The expression level of microRNA-141 was significantly higher in @entity7 tissues than in adjacent lung tissues (P < 0.001), detected by real time RT-PCR. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) exhibited a moderate diagnostic value of microRNA-141 for @entity7 with the area under curve of 0.707. The microRNA-141 expression increased with the larger @entity3 size (P = 0.002), lymph node @entity2 (P = 0.018) and advanced stage (P = 0.022) in @entity7 @entity0 . For subgroup analysis, microRNA-141 expression in SCC was correlated with @entity3 size (r = 0.490, P = 0.018), and in ADC, microRNA-141 level was positively associated with @entity3 size (r = 0.222, P = 0.026), lymph node @entity2 (r = 0.242, P = 0.015) and TNM stage (r = 0.210, P = 0.035). Furthermore, univariate analysis revealed that the expression of microRNA-141 was an independent prognostic indicator of ADC. In conclusion, microRNA-141 is a potential biomarker for the molecular diagnosis and risk stratification of @entity7 .

title: MicroRNA-141 Is a Biomarker for Progression of @entity6 and Adenocarcinoma of the Lung: Clinical Analysis of 125 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is defined as herniation through a disrupted portion of musculature/fascia without skin penetration or history of prior @entity1 . In @entity0 , @entity3 is a rare injury. OBJECTIVE: The objectives of this study were to report our experience with different management strategies of @entity3 in @entity0 and to determine the utility of laparoscopy. DESIGN/METHOD: A retrospective chart review of all @entity0 treated by pediatric surgery at our institution for @entity3 in a 5year interval was performed. Data were collected on mechanism of injury, initial @entity0 presentation, surgical management, and outcomes. RESULTS: We present 5 cases of traumatic @entity4 ; 3 were managed using laparoscopic assistance. One @entity0 was managed nonoperatively. All @entity0 recovered without complications and were asymptomatic on follow up. CONCLUSION: Traumatic abdominal wall hernias require a high index of suspicion in the cases of blunt @entity2 . Laparoscopy is useful mainly as a diagnostic modality, both to evaluate the @entity1 and associated injuries to intraabdominal structures. Its use may facilitate repair through a smaller incision. Conservative management of @entity3 may be appropriate in select cases where there is a low risk of bowel strangulation.

title: Laparoscopic-assisted management of traumatic abdominal wall hernias in XXXX : case series and a review of the literature.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Idiopathic @entity2 (IGM) is becoming more commonly recognized and reported more often. Currently, many recommend corticosteroids in its management. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted from January 2002 to June 2013. Data were collected regarding sociodemographic information, clinical history, treatment, and outcomes. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity0 were found with IGM. Thirty-five @entity0 were Hispanic born outside the United States. Early in the time period reviewed, 5 @entity0 had masses excised and 5 @entity0 were lost to follow-up. Twenty-seven cases of IGM resolved with observation. @entity1 were not used in the management. The average time to resolution was 7.4  months. Three @entity0 (11%) had recurrent episodes after resolution. CONCLUSIONS: IGM is a self-limited benign condition that will resolve spontaneously without treatment. Patience with the natural history of IGM is important, as the process often includes periods of exacerbation before resolution.

title: Management of idiopathic XXXX with observation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Restricted pulmonary function is found among @entity0 with @entity1 . This study aimed to investigate the dose-response relationship between pulmonary function measurements (forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC)) and risk of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) /type 2 @entity1 . METHODS: 1,454 adults in rural Victoria, Australia and 5,824 adults in Nanjing, China from randomly selected households provided clinical history, oral @entity4 tolerance test, lipids, anthropometric, blood pressure and spirometric measurements. @entity2 was defined by International @entity1 Federation criteria. Adjusted odds ratios for @entity2 and type 2 @entity1 with lung capacity measurements were estimated using logistic regression. Dose-response relationships were explored using restricted cubic spline models. RESULTS: There was a non-linear relationship between FEV1 and the risk of type 2 @entity1 and @entity2 (both P<0.0001) both in Australian and Chinese populations. The FEV1 associated with the lowest risk of type 2 @entity1 and @entity2 was above 2.70L (95%CI: 2.68 to 2.72L and 2.65 to 2.76L in Chinese and Australian populations respectively). The discrimination of the model could be significantly improved using the FEV1 threshold both in the Australian and Chinese populations. CONCLUSIONS: In both Australian and Chinese populations, the risk of type 2 @entity1 and @entity2 is lowest with a FEV1 of 2.65-2.76 L. This might be used in clinical practice in different countries as a prompt to screen for type 2 @entity1 and @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity5 and to ensure there was no abnormal @entity4 metabolism before the commencement of @entity3 if indicated. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Association between lung capacity and abnormal XXXX metabolism: Findings from China and Australia.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship of plasma @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 expansion (HE) in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) (HE-in- @entity5 ). @entity0 with @entity5 , confirmed by head computed tomography (CT) within 12  h of onset, were prospectively collected. Venous blood was sampled within 4  h of the confirmation to determine the serum @entity3 concentration. The blood pressure and National Institute of Health @entity1 Score of the @entity0 were recorded on hospital admission. CT re-scanning was performed within 42-54  h of the first head CT examination or immediately after worsening of the @entity0 ' @entity4 . The relationship between @entity3 level and HE was analyzed. A total of 186 @entity0 were included. Of these @entity0 , 41 had HE (22.0%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, in addition to the short interval between onset and the first CT examination, and the irregularity of @entity2 shape, increasing @entity3 level was an independent risk factor for HE-in- @entity5 (OR value = 15.65, 95% CI: 5.30-46.15). Moreover, increasing plasma @entity3 level was identified as an independent risk factor in @entity0 with HE-in- @entity5 .

title: Relationship of plasma XXXX and  @entity2 expansion in @entity5 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship of plasma @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 expansion (HE) in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) (HE-in- @entity5 ). @entity0 with @entity5 , confirmed by head computed tomography (CT) within 12  h of onset, were prospectively collected. Venous blood was sampled within 4  h of the confirmation to determine the serum @entity3 concentration. The blood pressure and National Institute of Health @entity1 Score of the @entity0 were recorded on hospital admission. CT re-scanning was performed within 42-54  h of the first head CT examination or immediately after worsening of the @entity0 ' @entity4 . The relationship between @entity3 level and HE was analyzed. A total of 186 @entity0 were included. Of these @entity0 , 41 had HE (22.0%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, in addition to the short interval between onset and the first CT examination, and the irregularity of @entity2 shape, increasing @entity3 level was an independent risk factor for HE-in- @entity5 (OR value = 15.65, 95% CI: 5.30-46.15). Moreover, increasing plasma @entity3 level was identified as an independent risk factor in @entity0 with HE-in- @entity5 .

title: Relationship of plasma @entity3 and  XXXX expansion in @entity5 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship of plasma @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 expansion (HE) in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) (HE-in- @entity5 ). @entity0 with @entity5 , confirmed by head computed tomography (CT) within 12  h of onset, were prospectively collected. Venous blood was sampled within 4  h of the confirmation to determine the serum @entity3 concentration. The blood pressure and National Institute of Health @entity1 Score of the @entity0 were recorded on hospital admission. CT re-scanning was performed within 42-54  h of the first head CT examination or immediately after worsening of the @entity0 ' @entity4 . The relationship between @entity3 level and HE was analyzed. A total of 186 @entity0 were included. Of these @entity0 , 41 had HE (22.0%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, in addition to the short interval between onset and the first CT examination, and the irregularity of @entity2 shape, increasing @entity3 level was an independent risk factor for HE-in- @entity5 (OR value = 15.65, 95% CI: 5.30-46.15). Moreover, increasing plasma @entity3 level was identified as an independent risk factor in @entity0 with HE-in- @entity5 .

title: Relationship of plasma @entity3 and  @entity2 expansion in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has called for the use of analytically validated biomarkers that have strong evidence of being fit for purpose to identify @entity0 likely to respond and to evaluate the @entity0 response to a therapy, potential @entity2 , and drug resistance. This article discusses development and application of these biomarkers in the context of @entity1 -specifically in cancers of the prostate and urinary bladder. METHODS: The FDA has defined four specific categories for contexts of biomarker use: prognostic, predictive, response-indicator, and efficacy-response (surrogate endpoints). Prognostic and predictive biomarkers include pretreatment characteristics of the @entity0 and the @entity1 . Response-indicator and efficacy response biomarkers occur after treatment and show the effects of treatment on biomarkers. Efficacy response biomarkers show changes associated with clinical benefit and can be surrogates for clinical endpoints leading to drug approvals. RESULTS: Well-structured development plans are required to satisfy rigorous criteria that must be met to qualify biomarkers for specific contexts of use in drug development and @entity0 management. A description of the extensive effort applied to the validation and qualification of circulating @entity1 cells in castration resistant @entity4 is described as an example of the potential utility of biomarkers in @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Many potential biomarkers have been identified in prostate and @entity3 , but few have sufficient demonstration of analytical and clinical validity to meet FDA standards for use in clinical settings. Circulating @entity1 cell (CTC) assays are particularly promising candidates for informative new biomarkers to measure disease before and after treatment. New technologies are providing opportunities for high definition, more informative analysis. Statistical and computational methodologies to describe assay results are also rapidly evolving. These advances will lead to better diagnosis, earlier indications of treatment response and failure, and better definition of @entity0 cohorts that will respond to a specific treatment.

title: Biomarker development in the context of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To understand the rates of diagnosis on @entity1 and the differences in the distribution of age groups among those permanent residents, to analyze the relationships among thyroid function, thyroid antibodies and urinary @entity4 . METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was performed in 1 995 permanent residents in Urumqi, Xinjiang in May, 2013, Among them, 1 906 were healthy adults aged 18-84 age, with mean age as (46.3    14.2) years and 30.4% of them were @entity0 . One time 10 ml random urine and blood samples were drown to examine urinary @entity4 (UI) thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free @entity6 (FT4), free @entity5 (FT3), anti-thyroglobulin (TgAb) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb). RESULTS: 1) 213 residents were newly diagnosed as having @entity1 (11.2%, including 78.4% @entity0 ), @entity3 (clinical and @entity3 ) that accounted for 2.7%, @entity2 (clinical and @entity2 ) was accounted for 8.5%. Positive rates of TgAb (23.2%), TPOAb (16.6%) were noticed. The median urinary @entity4 was 134.5   g/L, with 32% of the subjects were having @entity4 deficiency, 58% having adequate @entity4 and another 10% as under excessive @entity4 . No differences were observed on urine @entity4 between @entity1 and @entity7 or between subjects with positive and negative antibodies. 2) TSH appeared different among age-groups of 18-, 45- and over 60. TSH showed higher in @entity0 than in @entity0 , with P value as < 0.001. For @entity0 with @entity7 , TSH level in the antibody positive group was significantly higher than the antibody negative group (P < 0.000 1). 3) For @entity0 over 60 of age, morbidity of @entity2 was significantly higher than those under 60 but with no differences related to @entity3 or the antibody positive rate. CONCLUSION: UI levels were not significantly related with thyroid function and thyroid antibodies among residents of Urumqi, @entity0 showed higher on @entity1 or the rate of positive antibody. In the antibody positive group, TSH levels were significantly higher than in the antibody negative group. @entity2 was seen higher in the over 60-years-of-age population. Monitoring programs on thyroid function, thyroid antibodies and urinary @entity4 among @entity0 over 60-years-of-age, should be strengthened.

title: [Changes of thyroid function, thyroid antibodies and urinary XXXX among permanent residents of Urumqi in Xinjiang].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect and mechanism of bevacizumab on proliferation and invasion of @entity0 @entity1 A549 cells. METHODS: A549 cells were treated with bevacizumab. Proliferation and invasion of the bevacizumab-treated A549 cells were detected using cell counting kit CCK-8 and Transwell assay, respectively. The expression of the mRNA and protein of @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity4 were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: Proliferation activity was inhibited at the concentration of 10   g/ml and promoted at the concentration of 100   g/ml bevacizumab. Bevacizumab in the concentration of 50   g/ml had a stronger inhibitory effect on the invasion of A549 cells (16 406.19  5 674.23 penetrated cells) than that of control group (36 108.68  6 263.83, P<0.05). The real-time PCR showed that bevacizumab had a stronger inhibitory effect on the expression of @entity2 and @entity3 mRNA at the concentration of 50   g/ml and on the expression @entity4 mRNA at the concentration of 10   g/ml bevacizumabin the A549 cells. However bevacizumab at the concentration of 100   g/ml showed a promoting effect on the expression of @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity4 mRNA (1.82  0.31, 1.60  0.25, 2.63  0.48), significantly higher than that of the control group (1.00  0.19, 1.00  0.23, 1.00  0.22, P<0.05). The expression of @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity4 mRNA and protein was inhibited by 10   g/ml bevacizumab in a time-dependent manner. The Western blot assay showed that bevacizumab had a bi-directional effect on the expression of @entity2 and @entity4 proteins in the A549 cells: a promoting effect at 100   g/ml and inhibitory effect on the expression of @entity2 at 50   g/ml bevacizumab, and inhibitory effect on the expression of @entity4 protein at 10   g/ml bevacizumab. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that in a certain range of concentrations, bevacizumab has prominent inhibitory effect on the proliferation and invasion of A549 cells. However,over the concentration of 100   g/ml, bevacizumab shows a weakening anti-invasion effect, even has a promoting effect on cell proliferation. This phenomenon may be related to the inhibiting effect on the expression of @entity2 and @entity4 proteins in a non-concentration-dependent manner by bevacizumab.

title: [Effect of bevacizumab on proliferation and invasion of @entity0 XXXX A549 cells].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect and mechanism of bevacizumab on proliferation and invasion of @entity0 @entity1 A549 cells. METHODS: A549 cells were treated with bevacizumab. Proliferation and invasion of the bevacizumab-treated A549 cells were detected using cell counting kit CCK-8 and Transwell assay, respectively. The expression of the mRNA and protein of @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity4 were detected by real-time PCR and Western blotting, respectively. RESULTS: Proliferation activity was inhibited at the concentration of 10   g/ml and promoted at the concentration of 100   g/ml bevacizumab. Bevacizumab in the concentration of 50   g/ml had a stronger inhibitory effect on the invasion of A549 cells (16 406.19  5 674.23 penetrated cells) than that of control group (36 108.68  6 263.83, P<0.05). The real-time PCR showed that bevacizumab had a stronger inhibitory effect on the expression of @entity2 and @entity3 mRNA at the concentration of 50   g/ml and on the expression @entity4 mRNA at the concentration of 10   g/ml bevacizumabin the A549 cells. However bevacizumab at the concentration of 100   g/ml showed a promoting effect on the expression of @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity4 mRNA (1.82  0.31, 1.60  0.25, 2.63  0.48), significantly higher than that of the control group (1.00  0.19, 1.00  0.23, 1.00  0.22, P<0.05). The expression of @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity4 mRNA and protein was inhibited by 10   g/ml bevacizumab in a time-dependent manner. The Western blot assay showed that bevacizumab had a bi-directional effect on the expression of @entity2 and @entity4 proteins in the A549 cells: a promoting effect at 100   g/ml and inhibitory effect on the expression of @entity2 at 50   g/ml bevacizumab, and inhibitory effect on the expression of @entity4 protein at 10   g/ml bevacizumab. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that in a certain range of concentrations, bevacizumab has prominent inhibitory effect on the proliferation and invasion of A549 cells. However,over the concentration of 100   g/ml, bevacizumab shows a weakening anti-invasion effect, even has a promoting effect on cell proliferation. This phenomenon may be related to the inhibiting effect on the expression of @entity2 and @entity4 proteins in a non-concentration-dependent manner by bevacizumab.

title: [Effect of bevacizumab on proliferation and invasion of XXXX @entity1 A549 cells].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between DNA mismatch repair (MMR) and clinicopathologic features and prognosis in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: The clinical and pathological data of 440 @entity0 with @entity2 after radical resection were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. Immunohistochemical staining was used to assess the expression of MMR proteins ( @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity9 ), and the correlation between DNA MMR and clinicopathological features and prognosis of @entity4 was analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 440 @entity2 samples tested for DNA mismatch repair status, 90 (20.5%) demonstrated defective DNA mismatch repair and 350 (79.5%) had proficient DNA mismatch repair. Defective DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) was associated with young @entity0 ( <=60), proximal @entity2 , poorly differentiated @entity3 and @entity5 (P<0.05 for all). Among the 440 @entity0 , 126 (28.6%) cases had recurrence or @entity1 and 93 (21.1%) died during the median follow-up of 61.0 months. The five-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 82.2% among the @entity0 with @entity2 exhibiting dMMR, significantly higher than that in @entity0 with @entity2 exhibiting pMMR (68.9%, P=0.02). The univariate and mutlivariate analyses showed that the MMR status is an independent factor affecting 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival (OS) in @entity4 @entity0 (P<0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS: Defective DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) is associated with @entity0 with proximal @entity2 and poorly defferentiated @entity3 and @entity5 . The prognosis for @entity0 with dMMR is better than those with pMMR. dMMR may be a useful biomarker for the prognosis of @entity4 .

title: [Analysis of the relationship of DNA mismatch repair with clinicopathologic features and prognosis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of chronic @entity2 sites (nCMSP) is reportedly associated with risk of falls. Older @entity0 in community-based research show a wide range of physical functions, but few studies have focused on the risk of falls in older adults with normal motor function (NMF). Clarification of the effects of @entity1 on dual-tasking performance is also important, given the strong link between falls and dual-tasking. AIMS: The objectives were to investigate the associations between: (1) nCMSP and falls; and (2) nCMSP and dual-task performance in older adults with NMF. METHODS: A total of 112 older adults with NMF (44 @entity0 , 68 @entity0 ; 73.4      4.6  years) were classified as fallers (n  =  22) or non-fallers (n  =  90) according to their fall history. @entity2 in the lower body was assessed using questions ascertaining @entity1 in musculoskeletal sites (back, hip, knee, foot, or toe). @entity0 were assigned to three @entity1 groups according to nCMSP. Basic physical performances and gait performances (normal gait, fast gait, or dual-task gait) were measured. RESULTS: The nCMSP represented a significant risk factor for falls according to logistic regression modeling after adjusting for the five chair stand test and fear of falls. The nCMSP was not associated with any gait variables. DISCUSSION: Potential fall risk may be increased by nCMSP, even in older adults with NMF. @entity1 -related reduction in attention resources may not represent a risk factor for falls among older adults with NMF. CONCLUSIONS: The nCMSP represents a potential risk factor for falls in older adults with NMF.

title: XXXX is a useful clinical index to predict the risk of falls in older adults with normal motor function.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11 ( @entity11 ) or @entity12 ( @entity12 ), or both, with @entity4 precede the onset of eosinophilic @entity8 with @entity8 (EGPA) in half of all EGPA @entity0 . It is not known what determines whether @entity0 with @entity11 or with @entity12 following @entity4 will develop EGPA. METHODS: We studied 17 EGPA @entity0 and 12 @entity0 with @entity11 but without EGPA. We assayed serum @entity7 , @entity10 , and @entity2 , and the percentage of peripheral blood @entity3 (+) T cells producing @entity9 (Th17 cells), at both onset and remission. We also examined the numbers of submucosal eosinophils and the basement membrane-to-crypt and crypt-to-crypt distance to evaluate @entity1 in the colon submucosa at onset and remission in EGPA and at onset in @entity11 . RESULTS: Nine of 12 (75.0  %) @entity11 @entity0 had symptoms or endoscopic findings. Colonic submucosal eosinophil counts and @entity1 in EGPA at onset were greater than at remission or in @entity11 at onset. Th17 cells (%) and serum @entity7 levels at onset were greater in EGPA than in @entity11 . In EGPA, peripheral blood Th17 cells (%) were significantly correlated with serum @entity7 level, colonic submucosal eosinophil count, and degree of @entity1 change; inversely correlated with serum @entity2 level; but not correlated with @entity10 level. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 change were greater in EGPA than in @entity11 . The mechanism of @entity6 in EGPA appears related to increases in serum Th17 cell numbers and @entity7 levels and decreases in @entity2 levels.

title: Th17 cells reflect colon submucosal pathologic changes in active eosinophilic XXXX with @entity8 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity11 ( @entity11 ) or @entity12 ( @entity12 ), or both, with @entity4 precede the onset of eosinophilic @entity8 with @entity8 (EGPA) in half of all EGPA @entity0 . It is not known what determines whether @entity0 with @entity11 or with @entity12 following @entity4 will develop EGPA. METHODS: We studied 17 EGPA @entity0 and 12 @entity0 with @entity11 but without EGPA. We assayed serum @entity7 , @entity10 , and @entity2 , and the percentage of peripheral blood @entity3 (+) T cells producing @entity9 (Th17 cells), at both onset and remission. We also examined the numbers of submucosal eosinophils and the basement membrane-to-crypt and crypt-to-crypt distance to evaluate @entity1 in the colon submucosa at onset and remission in EGPA and at onset in @entity11 . RESULTS: Nine of 12 (75.0  %) @entity11 @entity0 had symptoms or endoscopic findings. Colonic submucosal eosinophil counts and @entity1 in EGPA at onset were greater than at remission or in @entity11 at onset. Th17 cells (%) and serum @entity7 levels at onset were greater in EGPA than in @entity11 . In EGPA, peripheral blood Th17 cells (%) were significantly correlated with serum @entity7 level, colonic submucosal eosinophil count, and degree of @entity1 change; inversely correlated with serum @entity2 level; but not correlated with @entity10 level. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 change were greater in EGPA than in @entity11 . The mechanism of @entity6 in EGPA appears related to increases in serum Th17 cell numbers and @entity7 levels and decreases in @entity2 levels.

title: Th17 cells reflect colon submucosal pathologic changes in active eosinophilic @entity8 with XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The objectives were to determine whether epicardial fat (EAT) is subject to modification, and whether various strategies accomplish this end point and the relationship between @entity1 and EAT. A systematic review of the literature following meta-analysis guidelines was conducted using the search strategy 'epicardial fat' OR 'epicardial adipose tissue' AND 'diet' OR 'exercise' OR 'bariatric surgery (BS)' OR 'change in body weight' limited to @entity0 . Eleven articles were identified with 12 intervention approaches of which eight studies showed a statistically significant reduction in EAT. A random-effects meta-analysis suggests an overall significant reduction of 1.12 standardized units (95% CI   =   [-1.71, -0.54], P value   <   0.01). While there is a large amount of heterogeneity across study groups, a substantial amount of this variability can be accounted for by considering intervention type and change in body mass index (BMI). These variables were incorporated into a random-effects meta-regression model. Using this analysis, significant @entity3 occurred with diet and BS but not with exercise. BMI reductions correlated significantly with EAT reductions for diet-based interventions, i.e. for some but not all interventions. In conclusion, EAT, a factor that is significantly associated with @entity2 , can be modified. The type of intervention, in addition to the amount of @entity1 achieved, is predictive of the amount of @entity3 .

title: Comparison of reducing epicardial fat by exercise, diet or bariatric surgery XXXX strategies: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The rising incidence of primary @entity2 in the elderly presents a dilemma regarding the appropriateness of complex surgery in this assumed frail age group. With limited data on surgical morbidity, survival, and @entity0 quality of life (QOL), this analysis aimed to broaden the understanding of safety and effectiveness of microsurgical treatment in very elderly H_N @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: A prospective database analysis was used to evaluate surgical outcomes (morbidity, survival, and QOL) in all @entity0 aged 80  years and older undergoing microsurgical reconstruction for cutaneous and @entity1 between 2004 and 2014. Outcomes were assessed for their association with surgical, @entity1 , and @entity0 variables. Comorbidities were categorized by the ACE27 index and postoperative morbidity by the Clavien-Dindo scoring system. QOL was analyzed using the UW-QOLv4. RESULTS: Of 720 microsurgical reconstructions, 96 @entity0 were identified. Median survival was 25  months. The ACE27 index was the only variable significantly associated with survival with a 5-year survival of 59.2  % in the least comorbid group versus 19.7  % in the most comorbid group (p 0.015). ACE-27 showed influence on socioemotional QoL scores. Physical QOL scores were influenced by @entity1 and operative factors. @entity0 were found to value physical QOL over socioemotional. CONCLUSIONS: Microsurgical reconstructions are well tolerated in the very elderly @entity0 and should be considered predominantly based on comorbidity. @entity1 stage, flap type, and @entity1 site should still form part of the preoperative counseling due to their implication on postoperative physical function.

title: Microsurgical Reconstructions for XXXX in Elderly Aged >80  Years: An Analysis of Surgical Outcomes and Quality of Life.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is the leading cause of irreversible @entity2 worldwide. The goal of this study was to describe our experience with the novel micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (MP-TSCPC; IRIDEX IQ810 Laser Systems, CA) in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 . @entity0 with advanced @entity1 who underwent MP-TSCPC were included in our study. Laser settings were 2000  mW of 810  nm infrared diode laser set on micropulse delivery mode. The laser was delivered over 360   for 100-240  s. The duty cycle was 31.3  %, which translated to 0.5  ms of "on time" and 1.1  ms of "off time." Surgical success was defined as an intraocular pressure (IOP) of 6-21  mmHg or a reduction of IOP by 20  % at the last follow-up visit. Failure was defined as an inability to meet the criteria for success or a need for incisional @entity1 surgery. Nineteen @entity0 underwent MP-TSCPC with mean follow-up of 60.3  days. Mean IOP dropped from 37.9  mmHg preoperatively to 22.7  mmHg at last follow-up, representing a 40.1  % decrease. The success rate for initial treatment was 73.7  % (n   =   14). Three @entity0 underwent a second treatment, increasing the overall success rate to 89.5  % (n   =   17). Four @entity0 gained one line of vision, and four @entity0 lost one line of vision. The novel MP-TSCPC laser had a high rate of surgical success after a short follow-up period in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 . Further long-term evaluation and comparison to the traditional transscleral cyclophotocoagulation are warranted.

title: Treatment outcomes of micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 is important for the growth and survival of mast cells. @entity7 is produced by T cells, natural killer T cells, mast cells, eosinophils, and innate lymphoid cells, although the cells required for mast cell accumulation during @entity1 remain undefined. OBJECTIVE: We sought to elucidate the role of TH9 cells in promoting mast cell accumulation in models of @entity2 . METHODS: Adoptive transfer of ovalbumin-specific @entity4 and TH9 cells was used to assess the ability of each subset to mediate mast cell accumulation in tissues. Mast cell accumulation was assessed in wild-type @entity0 and @entity0 with PU.1-deficient T cells subjected to acute and chronic models of @entity1 . RESULTS: Adoptive transfer experiments demonstrated that recipients of TH9 cells had significantly higher mast cell accumulation and expression of mast cell proteases compared with control or @entity4 recipients. Mast cell accumulation was dependent on @entity7 , but not @entity5 , a cytokine required for many aspects of @entity1 . In models of @entity3 , decreased @entity7 levels in @entity0 with PU.1-deficient T cells corresponded to diminished tissue mast cell numbers and expression of mast cell proteases. @entity0 with PU.1-deficient T cells have defects in @entity7 production from CD4(+) T cells, but not natural killer T cells or innate lymphoid cells, suggesting a TH cell-dependent phenotype. @entity6 (-/-) @entity0 subjected to a chronic model of @entity1 displayed reduced mast cell infiltration comparable with accumulation in @entity0 with PU.1-deficient T cells, emphasizing the importance of @entity7 produced by T cells in mast cell recruitment. CONCLUSION: TH9 cells are a major source of @entity7 in models of @entity1 and play an important role in mast cell accumulation and activation.

title: TH9 cells are required for tissue mast cell accumulation during XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Insecticide research has often relied on model species for elucidating the resistance mechanisms present in the targeted pests. The accuracy and applicability of extrapolations of these laboratory findings to field conditions varies but, for target site resistance, conserved mechanisms are generally the rule rather than the exception (Perry et  al., 2011). The spinosyn class of insecticides appear to fit this paradigm and are a pest control option with many uses in both crop and animal protection. Resistance to spinosyns has been identified in both laboratory-selected and field-collected pest insects. Studies using the model insect, @entity0 , have identified the nicotinic @entity1 receptor subunit, Da6 as an important target of the insecticide @entity2 (Perry et  al., 2007; Watson et  al., 2010). Field-isolated resistant strains of several agricultural pest insects provide evidence that resistance cases are often associated with mutations in orthologues to Da6 (Baxter et  al., 2010; Puinean et  al., 2013). The expression of these receptors is difficult in heterologous systems. In order to examine the biology of the Da6 receptor subunit further, we used @entity0 as a model and developed an in  vivo rescue system. This allowed us to express four different isoforms of Da6 and show that each is able to rescue the response to @entity2 . Regulatory sequences upstream of the Da6 gene able to rescue the resistance phenotype were identified. Expression of other @entity0 subunits revealed that the rescue phenotype appears to be Da6 specific. We also demonstrate that expression of pest insect orthologues of Da6 from a variety of species are capable of rescuing the @entity2 response phenotype, verifying the relevance of this receptor to resistance monitoring in the field. In the absence of a robust heterologous expression system, this study presents an in  vivo model that will be useful in analysing many other aspects of these receptors and their biology.

title: Expression of insect a6-like nicotinic @entity1 receptors in  XXXX highlights a high level of conservation of  the receptor:spinosyn interaction.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Insecticide research has often relied on model species for elucidating the resistance mechanisms present in the targeted pests. The accuracy and applicability of extrapolations of these laboratory findings to field conditions varies but, for target site resistance, conserved mechanisms are generally the rule rather than the exception (Perry et  al., 2011). The spinosyn class of insecticides appear to fit this paradigm and are a pest control option with many uses in both crop and animal protection. Resistance to spinosyns has been identified in both laboratory-selected and field-collected pest insects. Studies using the model insect, @entity0 , have identified the nicotinic @entity1 receptor subunit, Da6 as an important target of the insecticide @entity2 (Perry et  al., 2007; Watson et  al., 2010). Field-isolated resistant strains of several agricultural pest insects provide evidence that resistance cases are often associated with mutations in orthologues to Da6 (Baxter et  al., 2010; Puinean et  al., 2013). The expression of these receptors is difficult in heterologous systems. In order to examine the biology of the Da6 receptor subunit further, we used @entity0 as a model and developed an in  vivo rescue system. This allowed us to express four different isoforms of Da6 and show that each is able to rescue the response to @entity2 . Regulatory sequences upstream of the Da6 gene able to rescue the resistance phenotype were identified. Expression of other @entity0 subunits revealed that the rescue phenotype appears to be Da6 specific. We also demonstrate that expression of pest insect orthologues of Da6 from a variety of species are capable of rescuing the @entity2 response phenotype, verifying the relevance of this receptor to resistance monitoring in the field. In the absence of a robust heterologous expression system, this study presents an in  vivo model that will be useful in analysing many other aspects of these receptors and their biology.

title: Expression of insect a6-like nicotinic XXXX receptors in  @entity0 highlights a high level of conservation of  the receptor:spinosyn interaction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The electrical activity of the colon was recorded during 10 hour sessions from 4 to 8 sets of electrodes carried on a 1.5 m probe in 11 control volunteers and in 35 @entity0 with @entity7 manifested by chronic @entity6 , @entity3 and/or @entity1 . The patterns of electrical spiking activity were compared with that obtained from @entity2 with induced @entity3 or @entity6 . In both @entity0 and @entity2 , two types of electrical activity were identified: short spike bursts (SSB) lasting 0.6 to 2.4 sec and long spike bursts (LSB) lasting 6.4 to 25 sec. The SSBs occurred at a maximum frequency of 13 per min. in @entity0 , while the LSB never exceeded 3 per min. Characteristic changes in the myoelectrical activity mainly coincided with disorders. In a group I containing 19 @entity0 , most of them exhibiting @entity6 , the level of activity was 62% higher than in healthy subjects with an increase in the SSB hourly frequency of 170 to 420%. The colonic activity was similarly increased in constipated @entity2 . In a group II containing 11 @entity0 suffering from soft feces or watery @entity3 , the LSB activity was significantly reduced. In a group III containing 5 @entity0 , diffuse @entity4 occurred after eating despite a reduction of the electromotor feeding responses and the absence of colonic postprandial rushes. The results indicate that the functional @entity5 in @entity0 corresponded mainly to 3 specific patterns of myoelectrical activity, one of them (Group I) being reproduced in experimentally constipated @entity2 .

title: Colonic myoelectrical activity in XXXX and @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The electrical activity of the colon was recorded during 10 hour sessions from 4 to 8 sets of electrodes carried on a 1.5 m probe in 11 control volunteers and in 35 @entity0 with @entity7 manifested by chronic @entity6 , @entity3 and/or @entity1 . The patterns of electrical spiking activity were compared with that obtained from @entity2 with induced @entity3 or @entity6 . In both @entity0 and @entity2 , two types of electrical activity were identified: short spike bursts (SSB) lasting 0.6 to 2.4 sec and long spike bursts (LSB) lasting 6.4 to 25 sec. The SSBs occurred at a maximum frequency of 13 per min. in @entity0 , while the LSB never exceeded 3 per min. Characteristic changes in the myoelectrical activity mainly coincided with disorders. In a group I containing 19 @entity0 , most of them exhibiting @entity6 , the level of activity was 62% higher than in healthy subjects with an increase in the SSB hourly frequency of 170 to 420%. The colonic activity was similarly increased in constipated @entity2 . In a group II containing 11 @entity0 suffering from soft feces or watery @entity3 , the LSB activity was significantly reduced. In a group III containing 5 @entity0 , diffuse @entity4 occurred after eating despite a reduction of the electromotor feeding responses and the absence of colonic postprandial rushes. The results indicate that the functional @entity5 in @entity0 corresponded mainly to 3 specific patterns of myoelectrical activity, one of them (Group I) being reproduced in experimentally constipated @entity2 .

title: Colonic myoelectrical activity in @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Antiangiogenic therapy is important for the treatment of gynecological @entity0 . However, the therapeutic benefit derived from these treatments is transient, predominantly due to the selective activation of compensatory proangiogenic pathways that lead to rapid development of resistance. We aimed to identify and target potential alternative signaling to @entity1 ( @entity1 ) therapy, with a view toward developing a combination of antiangiogenic agents to provide extended therapeutic benefits. We developed a preclinical in vivo phenotypic resistance model of @entity2 resistant to antiangiogenic therapy. We measured dynamic changes in secreted chemokines and angiogenic signaling in @entity0 and plasma in response to anti- @entity1 treatment, as @entity0 advanced from the initial responsive phase to progressive disease. In @entity0 that progressed following @entity5 treatment, gene and protein expression levels of proangiogenic CXC chemokines and their receptors were significantly elevated, compared with responsive @entity0 . The @entity4 ( @entity4 ), also known as @entity4 ( @entity4 ) increase was time-dependent and coincided with the dynamics of @entity0 progression. We used @entity7 , a pharmacological inhibitor of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), to disrupt the CXC chemokine-mediated functions of @entity2 cells in in vitro assays of cell growth inhibition, spheroid formation, and cell migration. The combination of @entity6 inhibitor with @entity5 led to a synergistic inhibition of cell growth in vitro, and further stabilized @entity0 progression following @entity5 in vivo. Our results suggest that @entity6 -mediated chemokines may represent an important compensatory pathway that promotes resistance to antiangiogenic therapy in @entity2 . Thus, simultaneous blockage of this proangiogenic cytokine pathway using @entity6 inhibitors and the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) pathway could improve the outcomes of antiangiogenic therapy.

title: XXXX Inhibition Combined with @entity5 Improved Antitumor and Antiangiogenic Response in Preclinical Models of @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Antiangiogenic therapy is important for the treatment of gynecological @entity0 . However, the therapeutic benefit derived from these treatments is transient, predominantly due to the selective activation of compensatory proangiogenic pathways that lead to rapid development of resistance. We aimed to identify and target potential alternative signaling to @entity1 ( @entity1 ) therapy, with a view toward developing a combination of antiangiogenic agents to provide extended therapeutic benefits. We developed a preclinical in vivo phenotypic resistance model of @entity2 resistant to antiangiogenic therapy. We measured dynamic changes in secreted chemokines and angiogenic signaling in @entity0 and plasma in response to anti- @entity1 treatment, as @entity0 advanced from the initial responsive phase to progressive disease. In @entity0 that progressed following @entity5 treatment, gene and protein expression levels of proangiogenic CXC chemokines and their receptors were significantly elevated, compared with responsive @entity0 . The @entity4 ( @entity4 ), also known as @entity4 ( @entity4 ) increase was time-dependent and coincided with the dynamics of @entity0 progression. We used @entity7 , a pharmacological inhibitor of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), to disrupt the CXC chemokine-mediated functions of @entity2 cells in in vitro assays of cell growth inhibition, spheroid formation, and cell migration. The combination of @entity6 inhibitor with @entity5 led to a synergistic inhibition of cell growth in vitro, and further stabilized @entity0 progression following @entity5 in vivo. Our results suggest that @entity6 -mediated chemokines may represent an important compensatory pathway that promotes resistance to antiangiogenic therapy in @entity2 . Thus, simultaneous blockage of this proangiogenic cytokine pathway using @entity6 inhibitors and the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) pathway could improve the outcomes of antiangiogenic therapy.

title: @entity6 Inhibition Combined with @entity5 Improved Antitumor and Antiangiogenic Response in Preclinical Models of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Antiangiogenic therapy is important for the treatment of gynecological @entity0 . However, the therapeutic benefit derived from these treatments is transient, predominantly due to the selective activation of compensatory proangiogenic pathways that lead to rapid development of resistance. We aimed to identify and target potential alternative signaling to @entity1 ( @entity1 ) therapy, with a view toward developing a combination of antiangiogenic agents to provide extended therapeutic benefits. We developed a preclinical in vivo phenotypic resistance model of @entity2 resistant to antiangiogenic therapy. We measured dynamic changes in secreted chemokines and angiogenic signaling in @entity0 and plasma in response to anti- @entity1 treatment, as @entity0 advanced from the initial responsive phase to progressive disease. In @entity0 that progressed following @entity5 treatment, gene and protein expression levels of proangiogenic CXC chemokines and their receptors were significantly elevated, compared with responsive @entity0 . The @entity4 ( @entity4 ), also known as @entity4 ( @entity4 ) increase was time-dependent and coincided with the dynamics of @entity0 progression. We used @entity7 , a pharmacological inhibitor of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), to disrupt the CXC chemokine-mediated functions of @entity2 cells in in vitro assays of cell growth inhibition, spheroid formation, and cell migration. The combination of @entity6 inhibitor with @entity5 led to a synergistic inhibition of cell growth in vitro, and further stabilized @entity0 progression following @entity5 in vivo. Our results suggest that @entity6 -mediated chemokines may represent an important compensatory pathway that promotes resistance to antiangiogenic therapy in @entity2 . Thus, simultaneous blockage of this proangiogenic cytokine pathway using @entity6 inhibitors and the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) pathway could improve the outcomes of antiangiogenic therapy.

title: @entity6 Inhibition Combined with XXXX Improved Antitumor and Antiangiogenic Response in Preclinical Models of @entity2 .

answer: @entity5