abstract: PURPOSE: We compare the biomechanical properties of a volar hybrid construct to an all-locking construct in an @entity2 and normal comminuted distal radius @entity1 model. METHODS: Groups of 28 normal, 28 @entity2 , and 28 over-drilled @entity2 left distal radius synthetic bones were used. The normal group consisted of synthetic bone with a standard foam core. The @entity2 group consisted of synthetic bone with decreased foam core density. The over-drilled @entity2 group consisted of synthetic bone with decreased foam core density and holes drilled with a 2.3 mm drill, instead of the standard 2.0 mm drill, to simulate the lack of purchase in @entity2 bone. Within each group, 14 synthetic bones were plated with a volar locking plate using an all-locking screw construct, and 14 synthetic bones were plated with a volar locking plate using a hybrid screw construct (ie, both locking and nonlocking screws). A 1-cm dorsal wedge osteotomy was created with the @entity3 cm from the volar surface of the lunate facet. Each specimen was mounted to a materials testing machine, using a custom-built, standardized axial compression jig. Axial compression was delivered at 1 N/s over 3 cycles from 20 N to 100 N to establish stiffness. Each sample was stressed to failure at 1 mm/s until 5 mm of permanent @entity0 occurred. RESULTS: Our results show no difference in construct stiffness and load at failure between the all-locking and hybrid constructs in the normal, @entity2 , or over-drilled @entity2 synthetic bone models. All specimens failed by plate bending at the osteotomy site with loss of height. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although volar locking plates are commonly used for the treatment of @entity1 , the ideal screw configuration has not been determined. Hybrid fixation has comparable biomechanical properties to all locking constructs in the fixation of metaphyseal fractures about the knee and shoulder and might also have a role in the fixation of @entity1 .

title: Biomechanical properties of volar hybrid and locked plate fixation in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several thousand snakebites occur annually in the US, but fewer than 10 deaths occur. Most deaths are from envenomations by rattlesnakes (Crotalus species), but deaths from copperhead and water moccasin (Agkistrodon species) are rare. STUDY DESIGN: All snakebites presented to East Texas Medical Center, Crockett, a level III @entity2 center, from 1995 to 2010 were reviewed. A total of 142 snakebites were treated. Ninety-four were of the Agkistrodon species-contortrix contortrix (copperhead) or piscivorus leukostoma (water moccasin). Three were rattlesnakes, and 3 were from the Texas coral snake ( @entity7 tener). Forty-two were unidentified pit vipers. The following results are of the 88 copperhead bites. RESULTS: The most common presenting symptoms were @entity3 and @entity1 . Eighty-five percent were of grade 1 envenomations. Ten @entity0 had @entity4 secondary to the snakebite. Forty-four were admitted for observation. The average length of stay for @entity0 admitted was 2 days. No patients received antivenom, and no @entity0 required surgical intervention. There were no deaths. One @entity0 had @entity1 and @entity6 that persisted for more than 1 month. CONCLUSIONS: Accurate identification of the pit viper species involved in snakebites is essential. Although @entity5 by a rattlesnake (Crotalus species) may require antivenom and uncommonly surgery, a bite by a copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) rarely requires any intervention other than observation. The unnecessary use of antivenom should be discouraged.

title: Current management of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity1 tolerance in a group of @entity0 using injection of a depot progestogen (Depo Provera 150) for 7 months and in a group who had used various types of oral contraceptives (OCs) for at least 3 years were done to help understand the clinical significance of the reported changes. After 4 months of Depo Provera treatment there was no significant change in @entity1 or @entity4 levels from protreatment levels. After 7 months, the mean basal @entity1 level was significantly higher than pretreatment (p.01). OGTT glycemia levels were not significantly higher (p.01) than pretreatment and fasting serum triglycerioles were decreased. @entity3 levels were significantly lowered (p.01) from pretreatment levels. In the group using oral contraceptives, early @entity4 levels after a @entity1 load were lower (p.01) in @entity0 treated with OCs than in controls. Borderline abnormal mean @entity1 assimilation levels (K) were seen in 11 @entity0 of the 80 studied. This was not significantly different from the control group. The group using Neogynon showed the highest @entity4 levels of all subgroups. It is suggested that the @entity5 derivatives may play a role in the impairment of @entity2 metabolism.

title: Hormonal contraceptives and XXXX tolerance. II. Influence of medroxyprogesterone acetate and chronic oral contraceptives.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2009, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommended biennial mammography screening for @entity1 aged 50 to 74 years and selective screening for those aged 40 to 49 years. PURPOSE: To review studies of screening in average-risk @entity1 with mammography, magnetic resonance imaging, or ultrasonography that reported on false-positive results, overdiagnosis, @entity3 , @entity4 , and radiation exposure. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and Cochrane databases through December 2014. STUDY SELECTION: English-language systematic reviews, randomized trials, and observational studies of screening. DATA EXTRACTION: Investigators extracted and confirmed data from studies and dual-rated study quality. Discrepancies were resolved through consensus. DATA SYNTHESIS: Based on 2 studies of U.S. data, 10-year cumulative rates of false-positive mammography results and biopsies were higher with annual than biennial screening (61% vs. 42% and 7% vs. 5%, respectively) and for @entity1 aged 40 to 49 years, those with dense breasts, and those using combination hormone therapy. Twenty-nine studies using different methods reported overdiagnosis rates of 0% to 54%; rates from randomized trials were 11% to 22%. @entity1 with false-positive results reported more @entity3 , distress, and @entity0 -specific worry, although results varied across 80 observational studies. Thirty-nine observational studies indicated that some @entity1 reported @entity4 during mammography (1% to 77%); of these, 11% to 46% declined future screening. Models estimated 2 to 11 screening-related @entity5 from radiation-induced @entity2 per 100,000 @entity1 using digital mammography, depending on age and screening interval. Five observational studies of tomosynthesis and mammography indicated increased biopsies but reduced recalls compared with mammography alone. LIMITATIONS: Studies of overdiagnosis were highly heterogeneous, and estimates varied depending on the analytic approach. Studies of @entity3 and @entity4 used different outcome measures. Radiation exposure was based on models. CONCLUSION: False-positive results are common and are higher for annual screening, younger @entity1 , and @entity1 with dense breasts. Although overdiagnosis, @entity3 , @entity4 , and radiation exposure may cause harm, their effects on individual @entity1 are difficult to estimate and vary widely. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.

title: Harms of XXXX Screening: Systematic Review to Update the 2009 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Human leukocyte antigen-G ( @entity6 ) plays an important role in @entity1 cell escape. We investigated @entity6 expression and regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltrates in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), analyzed their relationship with clinicopathologic features, and characterized their role in @entity1 immune escape. We also investigated the plasma soluble @entity6 level and its potential in the diagnosis of @entity3 . Effect of @entity6 on Tregs was further assessed by coculture experiments in vitro. Most interestingly, @entity6 positive expression was detected in @entity3 tissues and it was significantly correlated with the presence of @entity1 -infiltrating Tregs. @entity0 with @entity6 positive expression or high Tregs had significantly poorer survival at 5 years after operation. Multivariate analysis indicated that @entity6 positive expression was an independent prognostic factor of @entity3 . The coculture experiment showed overexpression of @entity6 in @entity3 cell lines significantly enhanced the frequency of Tregs when @entity3 cells were directly cocultured with @entity0 peripheral blood mononuclear cell. However, this effect disappeared when the indirect coculture system was applied. Some cytokines such as @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity1 @entity2 factor-a significantly changed in the coculture system. Moreover, plasma soluble @entity6 level in @entity3 @entity0 was higher than that in normal controls. Taken together, our results indicated that @entity6 expression was closely associated with @entity1 progression and involved in @entity1 evasion by increasing the frequency of infiltrating Tregs locally. Thus, @entity6 might be a promising predictor for disease prognosis and a possible novel target for immunotherapy in @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Human leukocyte antigen-G is closely associated with @entity1 immune escape in XXXX by increasing local regulatory T cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Human leukocyte antigen-G ( @entity6 ) plays an important role in @entity1 cell escape. We investigated @entity6 expression and regulatory T cells (Tregs) infiltrates in @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), analyzed their relationship with clinicopathologic features, and characterized their role in @entity1 immune escape. We also investigated the plasma soluble @entity6 level and its potential in the diagnosis of @entity3 . Effect of @entity6 on Tregs was further assessed by coculture experiments in vitro. Most interestingly, @entity6 positive expression was detected in @entity3 tissues and it was significantly correlated with the presence of @entity1 -infiltrating Tregs. @entity0 with @entity6 positive expression or high Tregs had significantly poorer survival at 5 years after operation. Multivariate analysis indicated that @entity6 positive expression was an independent prognostic factor of @entity3 . The coculture experiment showed overexpression of @entity6 in @entity3 cell lines significantly enhanced the frequency of Tregs when @entity3 cells were directly cocultured with @entity0 peripheral blood mononuclear cell. However, this effect disappeared when the indirect coculture system was applied. Some cytokines such as @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity1 @entity2 factor-a significantly changed in the coculture system. Moreover, plasma soluble @entity6 level in @entity3 @entity0 was higher than that in normal controls. Taken together, our results indicated that @entity6 expression was closely associated with @entity1 progression and involved in @entity1 evasion by increasing the frequency of infiltrating Tregs locally. Thus, @entity6 might be a promising predictor for disease prognosis and a possible novel target for immunotherapy in @entity3 @entity0 .

title: Human leukocyte antigen-G is closely associated with XXXX immune escape in @entity3 by increasing local regulatory T cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical properties, operative results of @entity5 and factors correlating with prognosis. METHODS: From September 1992 to January 2001, 16 @entity0 who suffered from @entity5 caused by degeneration, ossified ligamentum flavum, diffuse idiopathic @entity7 and @entity2 , were decompressed by operation. The operative method was selected according to the compressed position of spinal cord. All @entity0 were followed up 6 months to 9 years. The @entity3 severity, ambulatory status and @entity4 index were compared between before operation and after operation. The correlation between prognosis and ages, the length of @entity6 and the duration of disease was studied. RESULTS: The results of Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test show significant difference in @entity3 severity, ambulatory status and @entity4 index between before operation and after operation (P < 0.01). The results of partial correlation analyzing show that only the duration of disease was correlated with @entity4 index (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Thoracic @entity5 frequently develops in the lower-thoracic segments in middle and old aged @entity0 . Decompression by operation early can achieve a good clinical result. @entity1 affects the prognosis.

title: [Operative results and prognosis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of @entity2 during the wound healing of @entity0 fetal and adult skin and its significance. METHODS: We established the animal model of fetal scarless healing by transplanting full-thickness skin grafts from @entity0 fetus to a subcutaneous location on the athymic @entity1 recipient, and then making the linear incisions. The expression of @entity2 was observed in the normal adult skin, normal fetal skin and during wound healing by immunohistochemical method. The positive staining cells were counted under selected high-power focus randomly. RESULTS: @entity2 staining was not observed in the normal fetal skin and the wounded one. However, strongly positive staining was shown around the vessels in normal adult skin. Moreover, the positive straining became stronger in the wounded skin, especially in dermal fibroblasts and endotheliocytes. The number of positive staining cell was 2.1 +/- 0.1 in normal fetal skin, and 2.2 +/- 0.1, 2.1 +/- 0.3, 2.1 +/- 0.3 and 2.0 +/- 0.1 in the fetal skins after 12 hours, 1 day, 3 days and 7 days of wound respectively. The number of positive staining cell were 23.2 +/- 4.2 in normal adult skin and 40.5 +/- 3.6 in the wound adult skin. There was significant difference between the fetal skin and adult skin (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The negative expression of @entity2 in the fetal skin may be one of the important reasons for fetal scarless healing.

title: [Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor during wound healing of XXXX fetal and adult skin and its significance].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: To examine the effect of trabeculectomy on intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 undergoing @entity1 surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective data analysis. @entity0 : A total of 55 eyes of 55 @entity2 @entity0 who had a @entity1 surgery alone or in combination with trabeculectomy. METHODS: We classified @entity2 subjects into the following groups based on surgical history: only @entity1 surgery (OC), @entity1 surgery after prior trabeculectomy (CAT), and @entity1 surgery performed in combination with trabeculectomy (CCT). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences between actual and predicted postoperative @entity4 . RESULTS: Mean error (ME, difference between postoperative and predicted SE) in the CCT group was significantly lower (towards @entity3 ) than that of the OC group (p   =   0.008). Additionally, mean absolute error (MAE, absolute value of ME) in the CAT group was significantly greater than in the OC group (p   =   0.006). Using linear mixed models, the ME calculated with the @entity5 II formula was more accurate than the ME predicted by the @entity5 T formula in the CAT (p   =   0.032) and CCT (p   =   0.035) groups. CONCLUSIONS: The IOL power prediction accuracy was lower in the CAT and CCT groups than in the OC group. The prediction error was greater in the CAT group than in the OC group, and the direction of the prediction error tended to be towards @entity3 in the CCT group. The @entity5 II formula may be more accurate in predicting residual @entity1 and CCT groups. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Effect of trabeculectomy on the accuracy of intraocular lens calculations in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: To examine the effect of trabeculectomy on intraocular lens (IOL) power calculations in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 undergoing @entity1 surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective data analysis. @entity0 : A total of 55 eyes of 55 @entity2 @entity0 who had a @entity1 surgery alone or in combination with trabeculectomy. METHODS: We classified @entity2 subjects into the following groups based on surgical history: only @entity1 surgery (OC), @entity1 surgery after prior trabeculectomy (CAT), and @entity1 surgery performed in combination with trabeculectomy (CCT). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences between actual and predicted postoperative @entity4 . RESULTS: Mean error (ME, difference between postoperative and predicted SE) in the CCT group was significantly lower (towards @entity3 ) than that of the OC group (p   =   0.008). Additionally, mean absolute error (MAE, absolute value of ME) in the CAT group was significantly greater than in the OC group (p   =   0.006). Using linear mixed models, the ME calculated with the @entity5 II formula was more accurate than the ME predicted by the @entity5 T formula in the CAT (p   =   0.032) and CCT (p   =   0.035) groups. CONCLUSIONS: The IOL power prediction accuracy was lower in the CAT and CCT groups than in the OC group. The prediction error was greater in the CAT group than in the OC group, and the direction of the prediction error tended to be towards @entity3 in the CCT group. The @entity5 II formula may be more accurate in predicting residual @entity1 and CCT groups. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Effect of trabeculectomy on the accuracy of intraocular lens calculations in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Determining the existence of syndrome-specific genetic factors in @entity1 is essential for phenotype definition in genetic linkage studies, and informs research on basic mechanisms. Analysis of concordance of @entity1 syndromes in families has been used to assess shared versus distinct genetic influences on generalized @entity1 (GE) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). However, it is unclear how the results should be interpreted in relation to specific @entity0 . METHODS: To assess evidence for distinct genetic influences on GE and @entity2 , we examined concordance of GE and @entity2 in 63 families containing multiple individuals with @entity3 , drawn from the Epilepsy Family Study of Columbia University. To control for the number of concordant families expected by chance, we used a permutation test to compare the observed number with the number expected from the distribution of individuals with GE and @entity2 in the study families. RESULTS: Of the families, 62% were concordant for @entity1 type, and 38% were discordant. In all analyses, the proportion of concordant families was significantly greater than expected. CONCLUSIONS: This suggests that some genetic influences predispose specifically to either GE or @entity2 . Because of the ascertainment bias resulting from the selection of families containing multiple individuals with @entity1 , we could not test whether there are also shared genetic influences on these two @entity1 subtypes. Population-based studies will be needed to explore these results further.

title: Evidence for distinct genetic influences on generalized and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The induction of @entity2 in testes and liver and the presence of trifluoroacetylated ( @entity4 ) adducts in spermatozoa, testes, liver and plasma were investigated in @entity0 subchronically exposed by inhalation to @entity1 (15 ppm/4 h/day/5 days/week/9 weeks). After @entity1 exposure, @entity3 hydroxylase (p-NPH) activity increased 3.2-fold and @entity2 apo-protein content 7-fold in testes, whereas in liver, p-NPH increased 2.3-fold and @entity2 apoprotein content 1.4-fold. These results suggest a differential inductive effect of @entity1 on @entity2 in these tissues. Moreover, @entity4 adducts were present in microsomes of testis and liver and in plasma of @entity1 -treated @entity0 . The immunoblot analysis of testicular microsomes showed two intense @entity4 protein bands of 63 and 59 kDa, whereas in liver three intense bands of 100, 76 and 63 kDa were observed. Bands of similar molecular weights to those observed in liver were detected in the plasma of @entity1 -treated animals. In addition, @entity4 adducts were detected by immunofluorescence in spermatozoa, probably in the acrosome and/or perinuclear theca region, and in the distal tail of spermatozoa. The increase in @entity2 apoprotein and p-NPH activity observed in testis and liver microsomes suggests that @entity1 induces its own biotransformation both hepatically and extrahepatically and in addition, that the nature of the @entity4 adducts will depend on the proteins present in each tissue. Also, the presence of @entity4 adducts in spermatozoa may result from the activation of @entity1 in the reproductive tract. The detailed mechanism of @entity4 adduct formation and its consequences on the spermatozoa function remain to be fully clarified.

title: Trifluoroacetylated adducts in spermatozoa, testes, liver and plasma and XXXX induction in @entity0 after subchronic inhalatory exposure to @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The induction of @entity2 in testes and liver and the presence of trifluoroacetylated ( @entity4 ) adducts in spermatozoa, testes, liver and plasma were investigated in @entity0 subchronically exposed by inhalation to @entity1 (15 ppm/4 h/day/5 days/week/9 weeks). After @entity1 exposure, @entity3 hydroxylase (p-NPH) activity increased 3.2-fold and @entity2 apo-protein content 7-fold in testes, whereas in liver, p-NPH increased 2.3-fold and @entity2 apoprotein content 1.4-fold. These results suggest a differential inductive effect of @entity1 on @entity2 in these tissues. Moreover, @entity4 adducts were present in microsomes of testis and liver and in plasma of @entity1 -treated @entity0 . The immunoblot analysis of testicular microsomes showed two intense @entity4 protein bands of 63 and 59 kDa, whereas in liver three intense bands of 100, 76 and 63 kDa were observed. Bands of similar molecular weights to those observed in liver were detected in the plasma of @entity1 -treated animals. In addition, @entity4 adducts were detected by immunofluorescence in spermatozoa, probably in the acrosome and/or perinuclear theca region, and in the distal tail of spermatozoa. The increase in @entity2 apoprotein and p-NPH activity observed in testis and liver microsomes suggests that @entity1 induces its own biotransformation both hepatically and extrahepatically and in addition, that the nature of the @entity4 adducts will depend on the proteins present in each tissue. Also, the presence of @entity4 adducts in spermatozoa may result from the activation of @entity1 in the reproductive tract. The detailed mechanism of @entity4 adduct formation and its consequences on the spermatozoa function remain to be fully clarified.

title: Trifluoroacetylated adducts in spermatozoa, testes, liver and plasma and @entity2 induction in @entity0 after subchronic inhalatory exposure to XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The induction of @entity2 in testes and liver and the presence of trifluoroacetylated ( @entity4 ) adducts in spermatozoa, testes, liver and plasma were investigated in @entity0 subchronically exposed by inhalation to @entity1 (15 ppm/4 h/day/5 days/week/9 weeks). After @entity1 exposure, @entity3 hydroxylase (p-NPH) activity increased 3.2-fold and @entity2 apo-protein content 7-fold in testes, whereas in liver, p-NPH increased 2.3-fold and @entity2 apoprotein content 1.4-fold. These results suggest a differential inductive effect of @entity1 on @entity2 in these tissues. Moreover, @entity4 adducts were present in microsomes of testis and liver and in plasma of @entity1 -treated @entity0 . The immunoblot analysis of testicular microsomes showed two intense @entity4 protein bands of 63 and 59 kDa, whereas in liver three intense bands of 100, 76 and 63 kDa were observed. Bands of similar molecular weights to those observed in liver were detected in the plasma of @entity1 -treated animals. In addition, @entity4 adducts were detected by immunofluorescence in spermatozoa, probably in the acrosome and/or perinuclear theca region, and in the distal tail of spermatozoa. The increase in @entity2 apoprotein and p-NPH activity observed in testis and liver microsomes suggests that @entity1 induces its own biotransformation both hepatically and extrahepatically and in addition, that the nature of the @entity4 adducts will depend on the proteins present in each tissue. Also, the presence of @entity4 adducts in spermatozoa may result from the activation of @entity1 in the reproductive tract. The detailed mechanism of @entity4 adduct formation and its consequences on the spermatozoa function remain to be fully clarified.

title: Trifluoroacetylated adducts in spermatozoa, testes, liver and plasma and @entity2 induction in XXXX after subchronic inhalatory exposure to @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A second allogeneic (allo) hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) is an important therapeutic consideration for @entity0 relapsing after their first. We conducted a retrospective review of 41 pediatric @entity0 with @entity3 that underwent a second allo-HCT at our institution. Overall, 53.7 and 43.9  % of @entity0 were alive and disease-free at 1 and 5  years, respectively, after the second allo-HCT. The factors affecting outcome by both univariate and multivariate analysis were interval between transplants and the use of a myeloablative conditioning (MAC) regimen prior to second transplant. Outcomes were inferior in @entity0 who received their second transplant <6  months from their first HCT when compared to @entity0 in whom the interval between HCTs was 6-12 or more than 12  months. Interval between HCTs was also significant when each @entity3 ( @entity2 ( @entity2 ) n   =   21, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) n   =   11, and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) n   =   7) was analyzed separately. In univariate analysis, use of the same donor and use of a matched sibling donor resulted in significant improved outcome. There was not a significant association between disease-free survival (DFS) and age, remission status, use of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) before second HCT, or @entity3 . Second allogeneic HCT can be a curative therapeutic option for @entity3 @entity0 relapsing after their first transplant. As more targeted therapies have become available, @entity0 that relapse after first HCT are more likely to achieve remission. Therefore, it is anticipated that there will be more candidates for second HCT with improved performance and remission status, ultimately leading to a better outcome with the second HCT.

title: Factors associated with improved outcomes after second allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for relapsed pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of the knee have @entity3 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). While total knee arthroplasty (TKA) reliably reduces @entity2 and improves function in @entity0 with knee @entity4 , @entity3 persists after surgery. The purpose of this investigation was to assess contributions of @entity1 to @entity3 before and after TKA and to assess the effect of @entity2 on @entity1 . METHODS: Twenty-eight @entity0 with unilateral, end-stage, primary knee @entity4 were tested an average of 10 days before and 26 days after TKA. The mean age at time of operation was 63 years (range 49-82 years). Measurements on the involved and uninvolved knees were performed using the burst-superimposition technique, where supramaximal electrical stimulation is superimposed on a @entity5 . Knee @entity2 during contraction was measured using a numeric rating scale. RESULTS: The involved quadriceps were significantly weaker than the uninvolved prior to TKA (p<0.05). Quadriceps strength decreased by 60% (p<0.001) and activation decreased 17% (p<0.001) after TKA. Changes in muscle activation accounted for 65% of the variability in the change in quadriceps strength (r(2)=0.65) (p<0.001). Knee @entity2 during muscle contraction accounted for a small, but significant portion of the change in voluntary activation (r(2)=0.22) (p=0.006). DISCUSSION: Exercise regimens that emphasize strong muscle contraction and clinical tools that facilitate muscle activation like biofeedback and neuromuscular electrical stimulation may be necessary to reverse the quadriceps activation failure and weakness in the @entity0 with knee @entity4 that worsens after TKA. The failure of current rehabilitation regimens to directly address activation deficits within the first months after surgery may explain the persistent @entity3 in @entity0 after TKA.

title: Quadriceps strength and volitional activation before and after total knee arthroplasty for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Current methods for @entity2 treatment in @entity1 are not always sufficient. To develop new fixation strategies (both mechanical and biological) requires pre-clinical testing utilizing appropriate models. The aim of this study was to apply a recently developed @entity3 model of @entity1 to the study of healing in a @entity0 . A standardized transverse mid-shaft tibial osteotomy (with a @entity2 gap of 3 mm) was performed in seven @entity4 and seven normal @entity3 and stabilized with a special external fixator for 8 weeks. The fixator was used for weekly in vivo bending stiffness measurements. Ex vivo bending stiffness and torsional stiffness of the callus zone were also determined. Callus area, callus density, and @entity1 status were determined at 0, 4, and 8 weeks using peripheral quantitative computed tomography. The increase of in vivo bending stiffness of the callus was delayed approximately 2 weeks in @entity4 . A significant difference (33%) in torsional stiffness was found between the osteotomized and contralateral intact tibia in @entity4 , but no significant difference occurred in normal @entity3 (2%). In @entity4 , ex vivo bending stiffness was reduced 21% (p=0.05). Bending stiffness was correlated with callus density (r=0.76, r=0.53); torsional stiffness was correlated with callus area (r=0.60) and to a lesser extent with callus density (r=0.53). This study demonstrated a delay of @entity2 healing in @entity4 @entity3 tibiae with respect to callus formation, mineralization, and mechanical properties.

title: Biomechanical evaluation of healing in a non-critical defect in a large animal model of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND; Ultrasound-guided transvaginal oocyte retrieval is often performed under local anaesthesia on an outpatient basis. The objective of this study was to compare the @entity2 experience of a newly designed @entity1 ( @entity1 ) compared with a thicker standard needle (SN). METHODS: A prospective, randomized, multi-centre study was performed at four different clinics from June to December 2009. The oocyte aspiration was performed under local anaesthesia, either with a needle with a reduced diameter (0.9 mm) for the last 50 mm from the tip ( @entity1 ) or with a SN (1.4 mm). A total of 257 @entity0 were randomized ( @entity1 : n = 129; SN: n = 128). The primary endpoint was the @entity2 experience self-assessed and registered by the @entity0 on a visual analogue scale (VAS 0 mm = no @entity2 to 100 mm = unbearable @entity2 ) immediately after the oocyte retrieval. Secondary end-points such as @entity4 and several embryological parameters were also registered. RESULTS: The @entity2 during the oocyte retrieval procedure was significantly lower in the @entity1 group than in the SN group (mean 21.0 mm, SD 17.5 mm and median 19.0 mm versus mean 26.0 mm, SD 19.9 mm and median 24.0 mm; P = 0.040, difference between groups mean-5.0 mm, 95% CI: 9.7 to-0.4). This was also true when adjusting for baseline characteristics such as number of follicles, number of previous oocyte pick-up, body mass index and age, by a multiple linear regression analysis. Significantly more @entity0 (40 of 126) had less than expected @entity4 in the @entity1 group when compared with the SN group (24 of 124; 32 versus 19%; P = 0.03 and 95% CI 1.7-23.0%). No differences were found between the two needles with regard to additional i.v. @entity3 , aspiration time, oocyte recovery, fertilization, cleavage rate, number of good quality embryos, number of embryos for freezing and pregnancy rate. CONCLUSIONS: Oocyte aspiration performed with the newly designed thinner-tipped needle resulted in significantly less @entity2 and less @entity4 , without prolonging the retrieval procedure or influence the oocyte recovery rate, when compared with a SN. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00924885.

title: A randomized controlled study comparing XXXX experience between a newly designed needle with a thin tip and a standard needle for oocyte aspiration.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Fifty-six @entity0 , 10 to 66 years of age, with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or end-stage @entity6 vera or @entity5 received allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplants from related (n = 36) or unrelated (n = 20) donors. Forty-four @entity0 were prepared with @entity3 plus @entity2 and 12 with total body irradiation plus chemotherapy. The source of stem cells was marrow in 33 and peripheral blood in 23 @entity0 . All but 3 @entity0 achieved engraftment. While 50 @entity0 showed complete donor chimerism, 3 @entity0 were found to be mixed chimeras at 26, 48, and 86 months after transplantation, respectively. Two @entity0 died from relapse/progressive disease, and 18 died from other causes. There are 36 @entity0 surviving at 0.5 to 11.6 (median, 2.8) years, for a 3-year Kaplan-Meier estimate of 58% (CI, 43%-73%). Dupriez score, cytogenetic abnormalities, and degree of marrow @entity1 were the most significant risk factors for posttransplantation mortality. @entity0 conditioned with a regimen of @entity3 targeted to plasma levels of 800 to 900 ng/mL plus @entity2 had a higher probability of survival (76% [CI, 62%-91%]) than other @entity0 . Results with unrelated donors were comparable with those with HLA-identical sibling transplants. Thus, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation offers long-term relapse-free survival for @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: CONTEXT: In @entity3 families with an identified @entity1 associated mutation, mutation testing changes the carrier risk status of the tested @entity0 and may change the carrier risk status of relatives. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the change in the distribution of carrier risk status resulting from testing in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) families. DESIGN: This was an observational cohort study. @entity0 : The cohort included members of 75 @entity4 and 47 @entity2 families. Of the 10 910 cohort members, 1408 were tested for a mutation and learned their test results. OUTCOME MEASURE: Carrier risk for all cohort members was assessed before and after mutation testing. RESULTS: There was a change in carrier risk status in 2906 subjects after testing of 1408 family members. The most common type of carrier risk change, from at risk to non-carrier status, accounted for 77% of the risk changes; 12% were a change to known carrier status from a lower risk. Sixty percent of @entity0 with a carrier risk status change were not themselves tested; their risk status changed because of a relative's test result. CONCLUSIONS: Carrier risk status changes from uncertainty to certainty (that is, to carrier or to non-carrier) account for 89% of risk changes resulting from testing. These risk changes affect @entity1 prevention recommendations, most commonly reducing their burden. Current practices do not ensure that untested family members are informed about changes in their carrier risk status which result from mutation testing of their relatives.

title: Carrier risk status changes resulting from mutation testing in @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: CONTEXT: In @entity3 families with an identified @entity1 associated mutation, mutation testing changes the carrier risk status of the tested @entity0 and may change the carrier risk status of relatives. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the change in the distribution of carrier risk status resulting from testing in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) families. DESIGN: This was an observational cohort study. @entity0 : The cohort included members of 75 @entity4 and 47 @entity2 families. Of the 10 910 cohort members, 1408 were tested for a mutation and learned their test results. OUTCOME MEASURE: Carrier risk for all cohort members was assessed before and after mutation testing. RESULTS: There was a change in carrier risk status in 2906 subjects after testing of 1408 family members. The most common type of carrier risk change, from at risk to non-carrier status, accounted for 77% of the risk changes; 12% were a change to known carrier status from a lower risk. Sixty percent of @entity0 with a carrier risk status change were not themselves tested; their risk status changed because of a relative's test result. CONCLUSIONS: Carrier risk status changes from uncertainty to certainty (that is, to carrier or to non-carrier) account for 89% of risk changes resulting from testing. These risk changes affect @entity1 prevention recommendations, most commonly reducing their burden. Current practices do not ensure that untested family members are informed about changes in their carrier risk status which result from mutation testing of their relatives.

title: Carrier risk status changes resulting from mutation testing in XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 occurs in 6% of @entity4 @entity0 . Nonetheless, only half of those with @entity4 -related @entity2 have @entity3 . Thus, @entity1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed serial echocardiographic examinations in 70 consecutive @entity0 with @entity4 (39    2 years, 47 @entity0 ) to determine their diastolic function and repeated the examinations 6 months after achieving a euthyroid state. All @entity0 had normal LV systolic function, but @entity1 was detected in 22 cases (mild: 3, moderate: 15 and severe: 4). The prevalence of @entity1 increased with age from 17  9 % in @entity0 <40 years to 100% in those >60 years. Increasing age was the only independent predictor for @entity1 in @entity4 @entity0 . After achievement of a euthyroid state, most @entity0 (16/22, 72%) had completely normalized diastolic function: 100% of @entity0 <40 years, 33  3 % of those >=  60 years. Further analyses revealed significant age-related differences in the cardiovascular response to @entity4 . Among @entity0 <40 years, @entity4 resulted in a marked reduction in total peripheral vascular resistance, @entity5 and enhanced diastolic function as determined by E'. No such significant change in total peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output was observed in @entity4 @entity0 >=  40 years. In addition, @entity4 was associated with reduced E', signifying @entity1 in older @entity4 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity4 is associated with @entity1 , particularly in older @entity0 . It is partly reversible following achievement of a euthyroid state.

title: @entity4 -induced @entity3 : implication in @entity4 -related XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 occurs in 6% of @entity4 @entity0 . Nonetheless, only half of those with @entity4 -related @entity2 have @entity3 . Thus, @entity1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed serial echocardiographic examinations in 70 consecutive @entity0 with @entity4 (39    2 years, 47 @entity0 ) to determine their diastolic function and repeated the examinations 6 months after achieving a euthyroid state. All @entity0 had normal LV systolic function, but @entity1 was detected in 22 cases (mild: 3, moderate: 15 and severe: 4). The prevalence of @entity1 increased with age from 17  9 % in @entity0 <40 years to 100% in those >60 years. Increasing age was the only independent predictor for @entity1 in @entity4 @entity0 . After achievement of a euthyroid state, most @entity0 (16/22, 72%) had completely normalized diastolic function: 100% of @entity0 <40 years, 33  3 % of those >=  60 years. Further analyses revealed significant age-related differences in the cardiovascular response to @entity4 . Among @entity0 <40 years, @entity4 resulted in a marked reduction in total peripheral vascular resistance, @entity5 and enhanced diastolic function as determined by E'. No such significant change in total peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output was observed in @entity4 @entity0 >=  40 years. In addition, @entity4 was associated with reduced E', signifying @entity1 in older @entity4 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity4 is associated with @entity1 , particularly in older @entity0 . It is partly reversible following achievement of a euthyroid state.

title: @entity4 -induced XXXX : implication in @entity4 -related @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 occurs in 6% of @entity4 @entity0 . Nonetheless, only half of those with @entity4 -related @entity2 have @entity3 . Thus, @entity1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed serial echocardiographic examinations in 70 consecutive @entity0 with @entity4 (39    2 years, 47 @entity0 ) to determine their diastolic function and repeated the examinations 6 months after achieving a euthyroid state. All @entity0 had normal LV systolic function, but @entity1 was detected in 22 cases (mild: 3, moderate: 15 and severe: 4). The prevalence of @entity1 increased with age from 17  9 % in @entity0 <40 years to 100% in those >60 years. Increasing age was the only independent predictor for @entity1 in @entity4 @entity0 . After achievement of a euthyroid state, most @entity0 (16/22, 72%) had completely normalized diastolic function: 100% of @entity0 <40 years, 33  3 % of those >=  60 years. Further analyses revealed significant age-related differences in the cardiovascular response to @entity4 . Among @entity0 <40 years, @entity4 resulted in a marked reduction in total peripheral vascular resistance, @entity5 and enhanced diastolic function as determined by E'. No such significant change in total peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output was observed in @entity4 @entity0 >=  40 years. In addition, @entity4 was associated with reduced E', signifying @entity1 in older @entity4 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity4 is associated with @entity1 , particularly in older @entity0 . It is partly reversible following achievement of a euthyroid state.

title: XXXX -induced @entity3 : implication in @entity4 -related @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 occurs in 6% of @entity4 @entity0 . Nonetheless, only half of those with @entity4 -related @entity2 have @entity3 . Thus, @entity1 may play an important role in the pathogenesis. METHODS AND RESULTS: We performed serial echocardiographic examinations in 70 consecutive @entity0 with @entity4 (39    2 years, 47 @entity0 ) to determine their diastolic function and repeated the examinations 6 months after achieving a euthyroid state. All @entity0 had normal LV systolic function, but @entity1 was detected in 22 cases (mild: 3, moderate: 15 and severe: 4). The prevalence of @entity1 increased with age from 17  9 % in @entity0 <40 years to 100% in those >60 years. Increasing age was the only independent predictor for @entity1 in @entity4 @entity0 . After achievement of a euthyroid state, most @entity0 (16/22, 72%) had completely normalized diastolic function: 100% of @entity0 <40 years, 33  3 % of those >=  60 years. Further analyses revealed significant age-related differences in the cardiovascular response to @entity4 . Among @entity0 <40 years, @entity4 resulted in a marked reduction in total peripheral vascular resistance, @entity5 and enhanced diastolic function as determined by E'. No such significant change in total peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output was observed in @entity4 @entity0 >=  40 years. In addition, @entity4 was associated with reduced E', signifying @entity1 in older @entity4 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity4 is associated with @entity1 , particularly in older @entity0 . It is partly reversible following achievement of a euthyroid state.

title: @entity4 -induced @entity3 : implication in XXXX -related @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of HLA mismatched hemopietic stem cell transplants for the treatment of @entity3 . METHODS: Between July 2000 and December 2001, seven @entity0 received hemopietic stem cell transplants(HSCT) with HLA mismatched family donors, including 3 @entity4 ( @entity4 ), 3 @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and 1 @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Stem cell sources were bone marrow(n = 1) or @entity2 mobilized peripheral blood (n = 6). All the @entity0 were conditioned with busulfan (BU) 12 mg.kg-1 and cyclophosphamide (CY) 3.6 g.m-2, of whom 4 were conditioned with additioned antithymocyte globulin(ATG). @entity5 ( @entity5 ) prophylaxis regimen consisted of cyclosporin-A (CSA), methotrexate (MTX) and mycophenolate mofetil(MMF). RESULTS: One @entity0 received 3.41 x 10(8) kg-1 mononuclear cells(MNC) from bone marrow; six @entity0 received a mean number of 8.46 x 10(8) kg-1 (4.3 x 10(8)-15.4 x 10(8) kg-1) MNC from peripheral blood. The mean time of ANC > 0.5 x 10(9) @entity7 was day 13 (11-16), and BPC > 20.0 x 10(9) @entity7 was day 16 (11-23). All the @entity0 got engraftment successfully and attained CR. Acute I-II @entity5 occurred in 3(42.9%) @entity0 , no acute III-IV @entity5 occurred and extensive @entity5 did in 2(28.6%) @entity0 . All the @entity0 were alive and well after 6-24 months' follow-up. CONCLUSION: (1) BU/CY plus ATG appears to be an effective conditioning regimen for HLA mismatched allogenic stem cell transplants. (2) @entity2 mobilized peripheral blood stem cells may be the source of stem cells even for HLA mismatched hemopietic stem cell transplants.

title: [Human leukocyte antigen mismatched hemopietic stem cell transplants for the treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Medically complex @entity0 who need @entity5 ( @entity5 ) repair are at increased risk of mortality. We study the effects of interhospital transfer to high-volume hospitals (HVHs) on @entity2 and mortality after complications in these @entity0 . METHODS: Data for 491,779 @entity0 undergoing intact @entity5 surgery were extracted using Medicare files. @entity0 demographics, comorbidities, hospital volume, repair type, and @entity0 transfer status were collected. Primary outcomes were @entity2 and failure to rescue within 30  days after surgery. Data were analyzed using multivariable and propensity analysis. RESULTS: From 2000 to 2011, the percentage of @entity0 transferred to another hospital for surgery before starting treatment more than doubled from .7% to 1.9% for @entity3 repair (EVAR; P  < .001) and from 1.2% to  3.7% for open repair (P  < .001). At baseline, transferred @entity0 had more @entity4 (18.7% vs 11.2%; P  < .001), coronary (17.4% vs 15.0%; P  < .001), pulmonary (38.3% vs 33.6%; P  < .001), and @entity1 (8.1% vs 4.6%; P  < .001) comorbidities. Transferred @entity0 incurred more complications after EVAR (25.1% vs 12.8%; P  < .001) or open repair (42.3% vs 35.5%; P  < .001). After propensity matching for comorbidities and demographics, there were fewer complication rates (40.4% vs 47.8%; P  < .001) and decreased failure to rescue (5.5% vs 6.5%; P  = .04) after open repair in  @entity0 transferred to HVHs than in @entity0 who remained at the primary, low-volume hospital for surgery. Complication rates after EVAR for nontransferred @entity0 at low-volume hospitals and transferred @entity0 at HVHs were similar (23.9% vs 24.7%; P  = .55). After propensity matching, there was no significant difference in failure to rescue (P  = .06) after EVAR between @entity0 transferred to HVHs and nontransferred @entity0 who had procedures at low-volume hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Transfer of medically complex @entity0 to HVHs for open @entity5 repair improves outcomes in @entity5 surgery. Complication rates decrease, and survival of transferred @entity0 increases when they undergo open repair at HVHs.

title: Interhospital transfer for intact XXXX repair.

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIM: To identify the most effective manual aspiration thrombectomy (MAT) method for the initial endovascular management of acute @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in the lower extremity using a phantom model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An acute @entity2 phantom model was created by infusing a @entity0 acute @entity1 in a 20-mm diameter, 120-cm long plastic tube with banding of the distal portion. A total of 32 types of aspiration methods using combinations of two aspiration catheters (8 and 10 Fr), four syringes (10, 20, 40, and 50  ml), and four different aspiration methods (I, II, III, and IV) were performed. Each method was performed 10 times. The total weight of the aspirated @entity1 was measured and compared among the 32 aspiration methods. The aspiration methods were classified based on the length of the dynamic catheter withdrawal (0  cm [method I], 15  cm [II], 30  cm [III], or >45  cm [IV]) while maintaining continuous negative pressure using a syringe. Analysis of variance and Student's t-test were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the total amount of aspirated @entity1 among the various types of aspiration catheters and syringes; however, different aspiration methods showed significantly different results. Acute @entity1 was most effectively aspirated by method IV irrespective of the catheter and syringe used. The longer the length of dynamic catheter withdrawal, the greater the amount of total thrombi that could be aspirated, irrespective of the type of aspiration catheter and syringe used (IV  >  III  >  II  >  I; p<0.05). CONCLUSION: MAT can be performed most effectively using method IV. Effective MAT relies on the length of the dynamic catheter withdrawal while maintaining continuous negative pressure using a syringe in the initial endovascular management of acute @entity2 in the lower extremity.

title: A phantom model study to identify the most effective manual aspiration thrombectomy for acute XXXX of the lower extremity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Three hundred fifty albinos in the city of Dar-es-Salaam have been registered at the @entity1 Centre. Their skin changes were followed for at least 2 years. Chronic skin damage was evident in all albinos by the first year of life; by 20 years, the skin of every subject demonstrated subclinical malignant change, and some had clinical @entity2 . Untreated, the @entity1 become intractable and disseminate, usually causing death in the third or fourth decade of life. Four clinical stages could be identified, each one associated with distinct pathologic changes: Stage 1, erythema; Stage 2, epidermal @entity3 with dermal @entity6 ; Stage 3, @entity8 ; and Stage 4, clinical @entity2 (under 3 cm). It was found that clinical Stage 2 only occurs in those skin areas that show evidence of previous Stage 1 change. Similarly, Stage 3 occurs only in areas that have gone through Stages 1 and 2. Stage 4 @entity1 were only found in those areas that had gone through all of the three prior stages. During the 2-year period of this study, 104 @entity7 , both early and advanced, were recorded at the albino skin clinic. Thirty-three of the 104 @entity1 were advanced (over 4 cm in diameter). The median age of the latter group was 31.0 years. Whereas there was no sex bias in the distribution of clinical @entity1 , 28 of the 33 advanced @entity1 were in @entity0 . Histologically, the great majority of the advanced @entity1 were @entity5 : 29 of 33. There was one @entity4 and three basal cell @entity1 . The predominant site of advanced @entity1 in the study group was the head and neck region (30 @entity0 ); the other three occurred on the trunk, which is generally covered by clothes.

title: The Tanzanian XXXX albino skin. Natural history.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To determine the frequency of @entity4 , 174 @entity0 from birth to 18 years old (mean age 7.42+/-4.54 years), with structurally normal hearts were analyzed. Flow patterns across the four valves were examined by pulsed- (PW), continuous-wave (CW) and color Doppler. Regurgitation was detected in 59.7% of the valves. @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was most commonly found in 32.8% (n=57), @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in 17.2% (n=30), @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in 8.6% (n=15), and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in 1.1% (n=2). The range of peak velocities of the regurgitant flow with CW were as follows: @entity5 :0.98-2.54 m/sec, @entity2 :0.50-1.80 m/sec, @entity3 :0.72-2.30 m/sec, and @entity1 :1.22-1.25 m/sec. The mean peak velocities of the regurgitant flow were similar with CW and PW measurements (p>0.05). The length of the regurgitant flow with color Doppler was less than 1 cm beyond the mitral and aortic valves. It reached up to 1.8 cm behind the pulmonary and 1.83 cm behind the tricuspid valves. Frequency of @entity4 was unchanged with age (p>0.05). @entity5 was more frequent in males (40.9% versus 23.5%; p=0.016). Regurgitation of tricuspid, pulmonary or mitral valves is relatively common in @entity0 with structurally normal hearts. @entity1 is scarce and the possible pathologic cause should always be carefully sought.

title: The Doppler echocardiographic assessment of XXXX in normal @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: To determine the frequency of @entity4 , 174 @entity0 from birth to 18 years old (mean age 7.42+/-4.54 years), with structurally normal hearts were analyzed. Flow patterns across the four valves were examined by pulsed- (PW), continuous-wave (CW) and color Doppler. Regurgitation was detected in 59.7% of the valves. @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was most commonly found in 32.8% (n=57), @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in 17.2% (n=30), @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in 8.6% (n=15), and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in 1.1% (n=2). The range of peak velocities of the regurgitant flow with CW were as follows: @entity5 :0.98-2.54 m/sec, @entity2 :0.50-1.80 m/sec, @entity3 :0.72-2.30 m/sec, and @entity1 :1.22-1.25 m/sec. The mean peak velocities of the regurgitant flow were similar with CW and PW measurements (p>0.05). The length of the regurgitant flow with color Doppler was less than 1 cm beyond the mitral and aortic valves. It reached up to 1.8 cm behind the pulmonary and 1.83 cm behind the tricuspid valves. Frequency of @entity4 was unchanged with age (p>0.05). @entity5 was more frequent in males (40.9% versus 23.5%; p=0.016). Regurgitation of tricuspid, pulmonary or mitral valves is relatively common in @entity0 with structurally normal hearts. @entity1 is scarce and the possible pathologic cause should always be carefully sought.

title: The Doppler echocardiographic assessment of @entity4 in normal XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A study on the localization of fetal and neonatal brain macrophages of @entity0 from embryonic day 10 (E10) to postnatal day 21 (P21) was carried out immunohistochemically using a monoclonal antibody against a macrophage differentiation antigen ( @entity3 ) and the labeled avidin- @entity2 technique. In the central nervous system, the macrophages recognized first were mainly located in the choroid plexuses of the fourth and lateral ventricles at @entity6 . Their number increased at @entity4 -P3 and gradually decreased thereafter. In the @entity1 , a few macrophages appeared at @entity6 in the matrix cell layer. They were also detected in the migrating zone at @entity7 , @entity4 and in the cortical plate at @entity5 . Mapping of positive cells at the stage of neuroblast formation ( @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity5 ) disclosed the precise distribution of cerebral macrophages. The macrophages that appeared first in the choroid plexuses at @entity7 may be derived from the subarachnoid vessels, which extend into the stroma of the choroid plexuses when the matrix cell layer invaginates into the lateral ventricle to form the choroid plexuses. Almost all of the macrophages recognized in the @entity1 disappeared at P9 when the cytoarchitecture seemed to be completed. In the cerebellum, which develops later than the cerebrum, macrophages appeared after birth and were located mainly in the internal granular layer. The brain macrophages always appeared in the regions where cell proliferation and brain remodeling are most active at each stage. These findings suggest that fetal and neonatal brain macrophages may play an important role in scavenging degenerated cells and cell debris during histogenesis of the central nervous system.

title: Appearance and distribution of fetal brain macrophages in XXXX . Immunohistochemical study with a monoclonal antibody.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 is a crucial part of innate immune responses but, if imbalanced, can lead to serious clinical conditions or even death. Cytokines regulate @entity2 , and studies report their impact on clinical outcome. However, host and pathogen genetic backgrounds influence cytokine production, making it difficult to evaluate which inflammatory profiles (if any) relate to improved prognosis.Streptococcus pneumoniaeis a common @entity0 pathogen associated with asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage. Infrequently, it can lead to a wide range of diseases with high morbidity and mortality rates. Studies show that both pneumococcal serotype and host genetic background affect the development of disease and contribute to variation in inflammatory responses. In this study, we investigated the impact of the host and pneumococcal genetic backgrounds on pulmonary cytokine responses and their relationship to animal survival. Two inbred @entity1 strains, BALB/c and CBA/ @entity4 , were infected with 10 pneumococcal strains, and the concentrations of six pulmonary cytokines were measured at 6 h and 24 h postinfection. Collected data were analyzed by principal-component analysis to identify whether there is any pattern in the observed cytokine variation. Our results show that host-pneumococcus combination was at the core of observed variation in cytokine responses, yet the resulting cytokine profile discriminated only between survivors and fatalities but not @entity1 or pneumococcal strains used during infection. Therefore, our results indicate that although alternative inflammatory profiles are generated during @entity3 , a common pattern emerged, which determined the clinical outcome of @entity3 .

title: Variation in Inflammatory Response during XXXX Is Influenced by Host-Pathogen Interactions but Associated with Animal Survival.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics, outcome, prognostic factors and survival of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: 107 @entity1 @entity0 received chemotherapy after orchiectomy. The median age of the @entity0 was 32 years. 30.8% (33/107) @entity0 had @entity3 with 14 (42.4%) stage I lesions. Seventy-four @entity0 had non-seminomatous @entity2 (NSGCTT) with 21 (28.4%) stage I lesions. The response rate was analyzed with chi(2) test. The survival rate was calculated with Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. Therapy including chemotherapy, radiation and necessary salvage operation were performed after orchiectomy. RESULTS: Clinical stage and pathological type were the main prognostic factors. The 3-, 5- and 10-year survival rates were 75.8%, 73.5%, 73.5% for all @entity0 , 100%, 96.8%, 96.8% for @entity3 and 63.5%, 61.7%, 61.7% for NSGCTTs, respectively. Sixty-four @entity0 were evaluable for response. Seventeen (26.6%) @entity0 achieved CR by chemotherapy alone and an additional 8 @entity0 (12.5%) achieved CR by chemotherapy plus salvage operation or radiation. The 5-year survival rates were 91.7% and 26.2% for @entity0 who achieved CR or not. CONCLUSION: The long-term outcome for stage I @entity2 is excellent. The treatment outcome and survival in @entity0 with metastatic @entity1 can be greatly improved by adopting multi-modality therapy with combined chemotherapy as the chief means.

title: [Long-term results of multimodality therapy of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: T cell-mediated immunity is a major component of anti- @entity1 immunity. In order to be efficient, effector T cells must leave the circulation and enter into the @entity1 tissue. We have shown that regulatory T cells (Treg) from @entity2 @entity0 , but not from healthy volunteers, potently inhibit migration of conventional T cells through activated endothelium. In this study, we compared T cells from @entity3 @entity0 and healthy donors to determine the mechanisms used by Treg from @entity1 @entity0 to inhibit conventional T cell migration. Our results showed that circulating Treg from @entity1 @entity0 expressed high levels of @entity7 , an ectoenzyme mediating hydrolysis of @entity4 to @entity6 , as a rate-determining first step in the generation of immunosuppressive @entity5 . Tumor-associated Treg expressed even more @entity7 , and we therefore examined the importance of @entity5 in Treg-mediated inhibition of T cell transendothelial migration in vitro. Exogenous @entity5 significantly reduced migration of conventional T cells from healthy volunteers, and blocking of @entity5 receptors or @entity7 activity during transmigration restored the ability of conventional T cells from @entity1 @entity0 to migrate. @entity5 did not directly affect T cells or endothelial cells, but reduced the ability of monocytes to activate the endothelium. Taken together, our results indicate that Treg-derived @entity5 act on monocytes and contribute to reduced transendothelial migration of effector T cells into @entity1 . This effect of Treg is specific for @entity1 @entity0 , and our results indicate that Treg may not only affect T cell effector functions but also their migration into @entity1 .

title: Regulatory T cells from XXXX @entity0 express @entity7 and inhibit transendothelial effector T cell migration by an @entity5 -dependent mechanism.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: T cell-mediated immunity is a major component of anti- @entity1 immunity. In order to be efficient, effector T cells must leave the circulation and enter into the @entity1 tissue. We have shown that regulatory T cells (Treg) from @entity2 @entity0 , but not from healthy volunteers, potently inhibit migration of conventional T cells through activated endothelium. In this study, we compared T cells from @entity3 @entity0 and healthy donors to determine the mechanisms used by Treg from @entity1 @entity0 to inhibit conventional T cell migration. Our results showed that circulating Treg from @entity1 @entity0 expressed high levels of @entity7 , an ectoenzyme mediating hydrolysis of @entity4 to @entity6 , as a rate-determining first step in the generation of immunosuppressive @entity5 . Tumor-associated Treg expressed even more @entity7 , and we therefore examined the importance of @entity5 in Treg-mediated inhibition of T cell transendothelial migration in vitro. Exogenous @entity5 significantly reduced migration of conventional T cells from healthy volunteers, and blocking of @entity5 receptors or @entity7 activity during transmigration restored the ability of conventional T cells from @entity1 @entity0 to migrate. @entity5 did not directly affect T cells or endothelial cells, but reduced the ability of monocytes to activate the endothelium. Taken together, our results indicate that Treg-derived @entity5 act on monocytes and contribute to reduced transendothelial migration of effector T cells into @entity1 . This effect of Treg is specific for @entity1 @entity0 , and our results indicate that Treg may not only affect T cell effector functions but also their migration into @entity1 .

title: Regulatory T cells from @entity3 @entity0 express @entity7 and inhibit transendothelial effector T cell migration by an XXXX -dependent mechanism.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: T cell-mediated immunity is a major component of anti- @entity1 immunity. In order to be efficient, effector T cells must leave the circulation and enter into the @entity1 tissue. We have shown that regulatory T cells (Treg) from @entity2 @entity0 , but not from healthy volunteers, potently inhibit migration of conventional T cells through activated endothelium. In this study, we compared T cells from @entity3 @entity0 and healthy donors to determine the mechanisms used by Treg from @entity1 @entity0 to inhibit conventional T cell migration. Our results showed that circulating Treg from @entity1 @entity0 expressed high levels of @entity7 , an ectoenzyme mediating hydrolysis of @entity4 to @entity6 , as a rate-determining first step in the generation of immunosuppressive @entity5 . Tumor-associated Treg expressed even more @entity7 , and we therefore examined the importance of @entity5 in Treg-mediated inhibition of T cell transendothelial migration in vitro. Exogenous @entity5 significantly reduced migration of conventional T cells from healthy volunteers, and blocking of @entity5 receptors or @entity7 activity during transmigration restored the ability of conventional T cells from @entity1 @entity0 to migrate. @entity5 did not directly affect T cells or endothelial cells, but reduced the ability of monocytes to activate the endothelium. Taken together, our results indicate that Treg-derived @entity5 act on monocytes and contribute to reduced transendothelial migration of effector T cells into @entity1 . This effect of Treg is specific for @entity1 @entity0 , and our results indicate that Treg may not only affect T cell effector functions but also their migration into @entity1 .

title: Regulatory T cells from @entity3 @entity0 express XXXX and inhibit transendothelial effector T cell migration by an @entity5 -dependent mechanism.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: T cell-mediated immunity is a major component of anti- @entity1 immunity. In order to be efficient, effector T cells must leave the circulation and enter into the @entity1 tissue. We have shown that regulatory T cells (Treg) from @entity2 @entity0 , but not from healthy volunteers, potently inhibit migration of conventional T cells through activated endothelium. In this study, we compared T cells from @entity3 @entity0 and healthy donors to determine the mechanisms used by Treg from @entity1 @entity0 to inhibit conventional T cell migration. Our results showed that circulating Treg from @entity1 @entity0 expressed high levels of @entity7 , an ectoenzyme mediating hydrolysis of @entity4 to @entity6 , as a rate-determining first step in the generation of immunosuppressive @entity5 . Tumor-associated Treg expressed even more @entity7 , and we therefore examined the importance of @entity5 in Treg-mediated inhibition of T cell transendothelial migration in vitro. Exogenous @entity5 significantly reduced migration of conventional T cells from healthy volunteers, and blocking of @entity5 receptors or @entity7 activity during transmigration restored the ability of conventional T cells from @entity1 @entity0 to migrate. @entity5 did not directly affect T cells or endothelial cells, but reduced the ability of monocytes to activate the endothelium. Taken together, our results indicate that Treg-derived @entity5 act on monocytes and contribute to reduced transendothelial migration of effector T cells into @entity1 . This effect of Treg is specific for @entity1 @entity0 , and our results indicate that Treg may not only affect T cell effector functions but also their migration into @entity1 .

title: Regulatory T cells from @entity3 XXXX express @entity7 and inhibit transendothelial effector T cell migration by an @entity5 -dependent mechanism.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To introduce the procedure of carotid stenting, and to summary experiences of 55 cases. To study the theory and clinical significance of carotid stenting for @entity2 . METHODS: Fifty-five @entity0 with severe carotid @entity6 stenoses were treated by stent implantation. Fifty-eight stents were implanted. Forty-one of these stents were Wallstent, 14 were Smart stents and 3 were OptiMed stents. Cerebral protection device was furnished for 18 @entity0 . RESULTS: During operation, there were 2 cases of small @entity1 and 2 cases of major @entity1 . One @entity0 suffered from @entity3 , who had a little signs after 3 months. Another @entity0 had @entity4 and right-side @entity5 and had a recovery in consciousness after salvage. The incidence of nervous system complications was 6.9%. Serious @entity1 rate was 3.5%. The incidence of circulatory system complications was 10.3%. Those @entity0 who received cerebral protection device did not have nervous complication. CONCLUSION: Carotid stenting is effective for the treatment of @entity2 . The experienced surgeon can make this procedure safe. The procedure's safety is enhanced by using cerebral protection device.

title: [Stenting for XXXX of 55 cases].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the natural course and the final @entity1 in @entity0 of age-related @entity3 with @entity4 . METHODS: Thirty five eyes of 29 @entity0 diagnosed as @entity5 with occult @entity4 were studied. The eyes which had laser, radiation therapy or surgical treatment were excluded. Visual acuity, fundus examination, fluorescent angiography (FFA) and perimetry test were performed at the first time visit and 5 years following-up at an interval of 1 to 3 months. The average following-up period of time was 8 years (range from 5 to 16 years) which started in 1985 and ended in 2001. RESULTS: Initial @entity1 0.1 or less was shown in 10 eyes (28.5%, only hands movement can be seen in 4 of 10 eyes), 23 eyes (65.7%) with @entity1 of 0.1 or less (14 eyes with vision acuity of hands movement) on the last visit. 7 of 35 eyes, the final @entity1 improved more than 2 lines, 12 eyes remained the same and 16 eyes had been lost vision more than two lines. At the baseline examination, 25 eyes had macular @entity2 and 4 eyes had @entity2 . The fundus @entity2 occurred repeatedly 1 to 4 times in 23 eyes during following-up, the macular @entity2 was detected in 7 eyes at the last visit. At the initial fundus examination, fibrotic membranes were found in 7 eyes; all 35 eyes had disc form scarring with various size in most recent following-up. CONCLUSION: The natural course of Age-related @entity3 with @entity4 is prolonged and the final visual prognosis was poor especially in the cases with recurrent macular @entity2 .

title: [Natural course and prognosis of XXXX in @entity0 of age-related @entity3 with occult @entity4 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the natural course and the final @entity1 in @entity0 of age-related @entity3 with @entity4 . METHODS: Thirty five eyes of 29 @entity0 diagnosed as @entity5 with occult @entity4 were studied. The eyes which had laser, radiation therapy or surgical treatment were excluded. Visual acuity, fundus examination, fluorescent angiography (FFA) and perimetry test were performed at the first time visit and 5 years following-up at an interval of 1 to 3 months. The average following-up period of time was 8 years (range from 5 to 16 years) which started in 1985 and ended in 2001. RESULTS: Initial @entity1 0.1 or less was shown in 10 eyes (28.5%, only hands movement can be seen in 4 of 10 eyes), 23 eyes (65.7%) with @entity1 of 0.1 or less (14 eyes with vision acuity of hands movement) on the last visit. 7 of 35 eyes, the final @entity1 improved more than 2 lines, 12 eyes remained the same and 16 eyes had been lost vision more than two lines. At the baseline examination, 25 eyes had macular @entity2 and 4 eyes had @entity2 . The fundus @entity2 occurred repeatedly 1 to 4 times in 23 eyes during following-up, the macular @entity2 was detected in 7 eyes at the last visit. At the initial fundus examination, fibrotic membranes were found in 7 eyes; all 35 eyes had disc form scarring with various size in most recent following-up. CONCLUSION: The natural course of Age-related @entity3 with @entity4 is prolonged and the final visual prognosis was poor especially in the cases with recurrent macular @entity2 .

title: [Natural course and prognosis of @entity1 in @entity0 of age-related XXXX with occult @entity4 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the natural course and the final @entity1 in @entity0 of age-related @entity3 with @entity4 . METHODS: Thirty five eyes of 29 @entity0 diagnosed as @entity5 with occult @entity4 were studied. The eyes which had laser, radiation therapy or surgical treatment were excluded. Visual acuity, fundus examination, fluorescent angiography (FFA) and perimetry test were performed at the first time visit and 5 years following-up at an interval of 1 to 3 months. The average following-up period of time was 8 years (range from 5 to 16 years) which started in 1985 and ended in 2001. RESULTS: Initial @entity1 0.1 or less was shown in 10 eyes (28.5%, only hands movement can be seen in 4 of 10 eyes), 23 eyes (65.7%) with @entity1 of 0.1 or less (14 eyes with vision acuity of hands movement) on the last visit. 7 of 35 eyes, the final @entity1 improved more than 2 lines, 12 eyes remained the same and 16 eyes had been lost vision more than two lines. At the baseline examination, 25 eyes had macular @entity2 and 4 eyes had @entity2 . The fundus @entity2 occurred repeatedly 1 to 4 times in 23 eyes during following-up, the macular @entity2 was detected in 7 eyes at the last visit. At the initial fundus examination, fibrotic membranes were found in 7 eyes; all 35 eyes had disc form scarring with various size in most recent following-up. CONCLUSION: The natural course of Age-related @entity3 with @entity4 is prolonged and the final visual prognosis was poor especially in the cases with recurrent macular @entity2 .

title: [Natural course and prognosis of @entity1 in @entity0 of age-related @entity3 with occult XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the natural course and the final @entity1 in @entity0 of age-related @entity3 with @entity4 . METHODS: Thirty five eyes of 29 @entity0 diagnosed as @entity5 with occult @entity4 were studied. The eyes which had laser, radiation therapy or surgical treatment were excluded. Visual acuity, fundus examination, fluorescent angiography (FFA) and perimetry test were performed at the first time visit and 5 years following-up at an interval of 1 to 3 months. The average following-up period of time was 8 years (range from 5 to 16 years) which started in 1985 and ended in 2001. RESULTS: Initial @entity1 0.1 or less was shown in 10 eyes (28.5%, only hands movement can be seen in 4 of 10 eyes), 23 eyes (65.7%) with @entity1 of 0.1 or less (14 eyes with vision acuity of hands movement) on the last visit. 7 of 35 eyes, the final @entity1 improved more than 2 lines, 12 eyes remained the same and 16 eyes had been lost vision more than two lines. At the baseline examination, 25 eyes had macular @entity2 and 4 eyes had @entity2 . The fundus @entity2 occurred repeatedly 1 to 4 times in 23 eyes during following-up, the macular @entity2 was detected in 7 eyes at the last visit. At the initial fundus examination, fibrotic membranes were found in 7 eyes; all 35 eyes had disc form scarring with various size in most recent following-up. CONCLUSION: The natural course of Age-related @entity3 with @entity4 is prolonged and the final visual prognosis was poor especially in the cases with recurrent macular @entity2 .

title: [Natural course and prognosis of @entity1 in XXXX of age-related @entity3 with occult @entity4 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Experimental and more limited clinical studies have suggested that @entity2 vaccination may depress the oxidative hepatic metabolism of various drugs and lead to @entity0 . The alleged mechanism is the formation of interferon and the resulting decrease in @entity6 available for drug oxidation. Because of the clinical and basic science implications of these reports, we undertook to study the effects of @entity2 vaccine on the metabolism of three commonly used drugs: @entity5 , @entity3 , and @entity4 . Our healthy male subjects were studied just before and 1 and 7 days after vaccination. As expected, @entity4 metabolism, which proceeds by glucuronidation and not oxidation, was not altered by vaccination. Surprisingly, however, the oxidation of @entity5 was also not depressed by the vaccine. @entity3 oxidation, which proceeds primarily by microsomal oxidation (demethylation), was significantly decreased 1 day, but not 7 days, after vaccination. Serum alpha-interferon levels rose after vaccination for only about 8 hours, and levels of gamma-interferon rose to about 500 IU/ml at 24 hours, peaked at 72 hours, and returned to normal by 100 hours after dosing. It appeared that the higher the @entity3 clearance before vaccination, the greater the degree of clearance @entity1 after vaccination. Thus the inhibition of drug oxidation after @entity2 vaccination is selective and each drug should be studied individually. The degree of @entity1 of @entity3 clearance is small and transient and appears to be greater in subjects with higher prevaccination clearance.

title: Effects of XXXX virus vaccine on hepatic drug metabolism.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity4 and @entity5 in treating Double J stent related symptoms. Methods. In a prospective study, 161 @entity0 with DJ related symptoms were randomized into 3 groups: Group A @entity0 (54), Group B @entity0 (53), and Group C @entity0 (54). They were given @entity4 , @entity5 , and placebo, respectively, at 1st week till removal of DJ stent at 3rd week. All @entity0 completed Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ) at 1st week and at 3rd week. The statistical significant difference among groups was determined by the t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test and multivariate analysis were used to assess association of the variables within the three groups, and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results. @entity4 and @entity5 were comparable in relieving urinary symptoms, general health, and work performance (OR = 0.65, 1.8, and 0.92). But @entity4 was more effective in relieving body @entity1 , @entity2 , and additional problems than @entity5 (OR = 5.95, 19.25, and 2.69) and was statistically significant as P < 0.05. Conclusion. @entity4 was as effective as @entity5 in relieving urinary symptom but more effective in relieving @entity3 .

title: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of XXXX and @entity5 in Relieving Double J Stent Related Symptoms.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Objectives. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of @entity4 and @entity5 in treating Double J stent related symptoms. Methods. In a prospective study, 161 @entity0 with DJ related symptoms were randomized into 3 groups: Group A @entity0 (54), Group B @entity0 (53), and Group C @entity0 (54). They were given @entity4 , @entity5 , and placebo, respectively, at 1st week till removal of DJ stent at 3rd week. All @entity0 completed Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire (USSQ) at 1st week and at 3rd week. The statistical significant difference among groups was determined by the t-test, Kruskal-Wallis test and multivariate analysis were used to assess association of the variables within the three groups, and the level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Results. @entity4 and @entity5 were comparable in relieving urinary symptoms, general health, and work performance (OR = 0.65, 1.8, and 0.92). But @entity4 was more effective in relieving body @entity1 , @entity2 , and additional problems than @entity5 (OR = 5.95, 19.25, and 2.69) and was statistically significant as P < 0.05. Conclusion. @entity4 was as effective as @entity5 in relieving urinary symptom but more effective in relieving @entity3 .

title: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Compare the Safety and Efficacy of @entity4 and XXXX in Relieving Double J Stent Related Symptoms.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of hypocaloric mixed diets with different proportions of @entity4 , protein, and fat on resting metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food in @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: Three mixed hypocaloric diets were consumed in random order during separate periods lasting 7 d each. Between each dietary period there was a washout period of 10 d. @entity5 had a higher proportion of energy from @entity4 (72%), diet 2 had a higher proportion of energy from protein (43%), and diet 3 had a higher proportion of energy from fat (68%). Indirect calorimetry and lung function tests were done after the completion of each 7-d diet. @entity2 @entity0 , ages 22 to 45 y and with body mass indexes of 32 to 59 kg/m(2), participated in the study. @entity1 consumption, @entity3 production, resting metabolic rate, and the thermic effect of food by indirect calorimetry were measured. Lung function tests included spirometry in the seated and upright positions, arterial blood gas analysis, and maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the resting metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food resulting from the three diets. The mean resting metabolic rates (kJ/d) were 7453 +/- 1446 for @entity5 , 7461 +/- 1965 for diet 2, and 7076 +/- 2048 for diet 3. The mean thermic effects of food (kcal/min) were -0.02 +/- 0.07 for @entity5 , -0.01 +/- 0.25 for diet 2, and 0.05 +/- 0.13 for diet 3. Lung function tests were normal before and after the hypocaloic diets: partial pressure of @entity1 (mmHg) values were 81 +/- 13, 77 +/- 8, and 78 +/- 11 for diets 1 to 3, respectively; and partial pressure of @entity3 (mmHg) were 37 +/- 4, 37 +/- 3, and 37 +/- 4 for diets 1 to 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Obese @entity0 with normal lung function tests and consuming mixed hypocaloric diets showed no alteration in resting metabolic rate and a reduced or absent thermic effect of food independently of the macronutrient composition.

title: Effect of hypocaloric meals with different macronutrient compositions on energy metabolism and lung function in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effect of hypocaloric mixed diets with different proportions of @entity4 , protein, and fat on resting metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food in @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: Three mixed hypocaloric diets were consumed in random order during separate periods lasting 7 d each. Between each dietary period there was a washout period of 10 d. @entity5 had a higher proportion of energy from @entity4 (72%), diet 2 had a higher proportion of energy from protein (43%), and diet 3 had a higher proportion of energy from fat (68%). Indirect calorimetry and lung function tests were done after the completion of each 7-d diet. @entity2 @entity0 , ages 22 to 45 y and with body mass indexes of 32 to 59 kg/m(2), participated in the study. @entity1 consumption, @entity3 production, resting metabolic rate, and the thermic effect of food by indirect calorimetry were measured. Lung function tests included spirometry in the seated and upright positions, arterial blood gas analysis, and maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences in the resting metabolic rate and the thermic effect of food resulting from the three diets. The mean resting metabolic rates (kJ/d) were 7453 +/- 1446 for @entity5 , 7461 +/- 1965 for diet 2, and 7076 +/- 2048 for diet 3. The mean thermic effects of food (kcal/min) were -0.02 +/- 0.07 for @entity5 , -0.01 +/- 0.25 for diet 2, and 0.05 +/- 0.13 for diet 3. Lung function tests were normal before and after the hypocaloic diets: partial pressure of @entity1 (mmHg) values were 81 +/- 13, 77 +/- 8, and 78 +/- 11 for diets 1 to 3, respectively; and partial pressure of @entity3 (mmHg) were 37 +/- 4, 37 +/- 3, and 37 +/- 4 for diets 1 to 3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Obese @entity0 with normal lung function tests and consuming mixed hypocaloric diets showed no alteration in resting metabolic rate and a reduced or absent thermic effect of food independently of the macronutrient composition.

title: Effect of hypocaloric meals with different macronutrient compositions on energy metabolism and lung function in @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We wanted to establish optimum protein and @entity2 intakes during total parenteral nutrition by using a constant caloric but changing @entity4 in critically ill, ventilated, anuric @entity0 on continuous renal replacement therapy and measuring @entity3 and @entity2 losses across the hemofilter. METHODS: Eleven consecutive, critically ill @entity0 (eight male, age, 43.5 +/- 21.8 y; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, 20.5 +/- 7.0; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation risk of @entity1 : 36.5% +/- 23.0 and 6 +/- 1 impaired organ systems) entered this study. @entity0 were fed by continuous infusion of a total parenteral mixture consisting of @entity9 (a mixture of essential and non-essential @entity5 ), 50% @entity2 , and intralipid (long-chain @entity7 ) to meet caloric requirements as predicted by Schofield's equation corrected by stress factors. The amount of protein infused was varied (1 to 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1)) by increments of 0.25 g. kg(-1). d(-1). @entity0 were stabilized on each feeding regimen for at least 24 h before paired samples of blood and dialysate were taken for @entity3 and @entity2 measurements. Continuous renal replacement therapy was performed by using a blood pump with a blood flow of 100 to 175 mL/min. Dialysate was pumped in and out counter-currently to the blood flow at 2 L/h. A biocompatible @entity8 hemofilter was used in all cases. RESULTS: With protein intakes below 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1), blood levels of 14% to 57% of the measured @entity5 were below the lower limits of the normal range. At 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1), all measured @entity5 were within the normal range. @entity3 balance became more positive as protein input increased (P = 0.0001). @entity2 and @entity3 losses were dependent on blood concentration. Overall, 17% (range, 13% to 24%) of infused @entity5 and 4% of infused @entity2 were lost in the dialysate. CONCLUSIONS: This study of critically ill, ventilated, anuric @entity0 on continuous renal replacement therapy suggested that increases in protein and @entity2 are required to account for the increased losses across the hemofilter. A @entity4 of 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1) appeared to optimize @entity6 balance and correct @entity3 deficiencies.

title: Impact of increasing parenteral protein loads on XXXX levels and balance in critically ill anuric @entity0 on continuous renal replacement therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We wanted to establish optimum protein and @entity2 intakes during total parenteral nutrition by using a constant caloric but changing @entity4 in critically ill, ventilated, anuric @entity0 on continuous renal replacement therapy and measuring @entity3 and @entity2 losses across the hemofilter. METHODS: Eleven consecutive, critically ill @entity0 (eight male, age, 43.5 +/- 21.8 y; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, 20.5 +/- 7.0; Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation risk of @entity1 : 36.5% +/- 23.0 and 6 +/- 1 impaired organ systems) entered this study. @entity0 were fed by continuous infusion of a total parenteral mixture consisting of @entity9 (a mixture of essential and non-essential @entity5 ), 50% @entity2 , and intralipid (long-chain @entity7 ) to meet caloric requirements as predicted by Schofield's equation corrected by stress factors. The amount of protein infused was varied (1 to 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1)) by increments of 0.25 g. kg(-1). d(-1). @entity0 were stabilized on each feeding regimen for at least 24 h before paired samples of blood and dialysate were taken for @entity3 and @entity2 measurements. Continuous renal replacement therapy was performed by using a blood pump with a blood flow of 100 to 175 mL/min. Dialysate was pumped in and out counter-currently to the blood flow at 2 L/h. A biocompatible @entity8 hemofilter was used in all cases. RESULTS: With protein intakes below 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1), blood levels of 14% to 57% of the measured @entity5 were below the lower limits of the normal range. At 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1), all measured @entity5 were within the normal range. @entity3 balance became more positive as protein input increased (P = 0.0001). @entity2 and @entity3 losses were dependent on blood concentration. Overall, 17% (range, 13% to 24%) of infused @entity5 and 4% of infused @entity2 were lost in the dialysate. CONCLUSIONS: This study of critically ill, ventilated, anuric @entity0 on continuous renal replacement therapy suggested that increases in protein and @entity2 are required to account for the increased losses across the hemofilter. A @entity4 of 2.5 g. kg(-1). d(-1) appeared to optimize @entity6 balance and correct @entity3 deficiencies.

title: Impact of increasing parenteral protein loads on @entity3 levels and balance in critically ill anuric XXXX on continuous renal replacement therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are the main cause of @entity2 globally, including @entity3 . There is substantial potential to reduce @entity1 and @entity5 mortality burden; particularly by improving diet and health behaviours at the population level. Our aim is to estimate and compare the potential impact of @entity4 treatment vs population level policies on @entity4 and @entity5 deaths in @entity3 if achieved like other developed countries up to 2022 and 2032. METHODS: We developed a Markov model for the Turkish population aged >35  years. The model follows the population over a time horizon of 10 and 20  years. We modelled seven policy scenarios: a baseline scenario, three @entity4 treatment improvement scenarios and three population level policy intervention scenarios (based on target reductions in dietary salt, transfat and unsaturated fat intake, smoking prevalence and increases in fruit and vegetable consumption). Parameter uncertainty was explored by including probabilistic sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: In the baseline scenario, we forecast that approximately 655,180 @entity4 and @entity5 deaths (306,500 in @entity0 ; 348,600 in @entity0 ) may occur in the age group of 35-94 between 2012 and 2022 in @entity3 . Feasible interventions in population level policies might prevent approximately 108,000 (62,580-326,700) fewer @entity1 and @entity5 deaths. This could result in approximately a 17  % reduction in total @entity1 and @entity5 deaths in 2022. Approximately 32  %, 29  %, 11  % and 6  % of that figure could be attributed to a decreased consumption of transfat, dietary salt, saturated fats and fall in smoking prevalence and 22  % could be attributed to increased fruit and vegetable consumption. Feasible improvements in @entity4 treatment could prevent approximately 9  % fewer @entity4 and @entity5 deaths by 2022. CONCLUSIONS: Our modeling study suggests that effective and evidence-based food policies at the population level could massively contribute to reduction in @entity4 and @entity5 mortality in a decade and deliver bigger gains compared to healthcare based interventions for primary and secondary prevention.

title: Estimating the potential contribution of XXXX treatments and preventative policies to reduce the @entity1 and ischemic heart disease mortality in @entity3 up to 2032: a modelling study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are the main cause of @entity2 globally, including @entity3 . There is substantial potential to reduce @entity1 and @entity5 mortality burden; particularly by improving diet and health behaviours at the population level. Our aim is to estimate and compare the potential impact of @entity4 treatment vs population level policies on @entity4 and @entity5 deaths in @entity3 if achieved like other developed countries up to 2022 and 2032. METHODS: We developed a Markov model for the Turkish population aged >35  years. The model follows the population over a time horizon of 10 and 20  years. We modelled seven policy scenarios: a baseline scenario, three @entity4 treatment improvement scenarios and three population level policy intervention scenarios (based on target reductions in dietary salt, transfat and unsaturated fat intake, smoking prevalence and increases in fruit and vegetable consumption). Parameter uncertainty was explored by including probabilistic sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: In the baseline scenario, we forecast that approximately 655,180 @entity4 and @entity5 deaths (306,500 in @entity0 ; 348,600 in @entity0 ) may occur in the age group of 35-94 between 2012 and 2022 in @entity3 . Feasible interventions in population level policies might prevent approximately 108,000 (62,580-326,700) fewer @entity1 and @entity5 deaths. This could result in approximately a 17  % reduction in total @entity1 and @entity5 deaths in 2022. Approximately 32  %, 29  %, 11  % and 6  % of that figure could be attributed to a decreased consumption of transfat, dietary salt, saturated fats and fall in smoking prevalence and 22  % could be attributed to increased fruit and vegetable consumption. Feasible improvements in @entity4 treatment could prevent approximately 9  % fewer @entity4 and @entity5 deaths by 2022. CONCLUSIONS: Our modeling study suggests that effective and evidence-based food policies at the population level could massively contribute to reduction in @entity4 and @entity5 mortality in a decade and deliver bigger gains compared to healthcare based interventions for primary and secondary prevention.

title: Estimating the potential contribution of @entity1 treatments and preventative policies to reduce the XXXX and ischemic heart disease mortality in @entity3 up to 2032: a modelling study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are the main cause of @entity2 globally, including @entity3 . There is substantial potential to reduce @entity1 and @entity5 mortality burden; particularly by improving diet and health behaviours at the population level. Our aim is to estimate and compare the potential impact of @entity4 treatment vs population level policies on @entity4 and @entity5 deaths in @entity3 if achieved like other developed countries up to 2022 and 2032. METHODS: We developed a Markov model for the Turkish population aged >35  years. The model follows the population over a time horizon of 10 and 20  years. We modelled seven policy scenarios: a baseline scenario, three @entity4 treatment improvement scenarios and three population level policy intervention scenarios (based on target reductions in dietary salt, transfat and unsaturated fat intake, smoking prevalence and increases in fruit and vegetable consumption). Parameter uncertainty was explored by including probabilistic sensitivity analysis. RESULTS: In the baseline scenario, we forecast that approximately 655,180 @entity4 and @entity5 deaths (306,500 in @entity0 ; 348,600 in @entity0 ) may occur in the age group of 35-94 between 2012 and 2022 in @entity3 . Feasible interventions in population level policies might prevent approximately 108,000 (62,580-326,700) fewer @entity1 and @entity5 deaths. This could result in approximately a 17  % reduction in total @entity1 and @entity5 deaths in 2022. Approximately 32  %, 29  %, 11  % and 6  % of that figure could be attributed to a decreased consumption of transfat, dietary salt, saturated fats and fall in smoking prevalence and 22  % could be attributed to increased fruit and vegetable consumption. Feasible improvements in @entity4 treatment could prevent approximately 9  % fewer @entity4 and @entity5 deaths by 2022. CONCLUSIONS: Our modeling study suggests that effective and evidence-based food policies at the population level could massively contribute to reduction in @entity4 and @entity5 mortality in a decade and deliver bigger gains compared to healthcare based interventions for primary and secondary prevention.

title: Estimating the potential contribution of @entity1 treatments and preventative policies to reduce the @entity1 and ischemic heart disease mortality in XXXX up to 2032: a modelling study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chemical @entity1 testing is fast moving in a direction that relies increasingly on cell-based in vitro assays anchored on @entity1 pathways according to the @entity1 testing in the 21st century vision. Identifying points of departure (POD) via these assays and revealing their mechanistic underpinnings via computational modeling of the relevant pathways are critical and challenging steps. Here we used @entity3 ( @entity6 ) as a prototype chemical to study @entity5 in @entity0 AC16 cells. @entity5 has been linked to cardiovascular risk of @entity6 , which has limited its clinical use as an antitumor drug. Our in vitro study revealed a well-defined POD concentration of @entity6 below which adaptive induction of proliferator-activated receptor-y coactivator-1a ( @entity9 ) -mediated mitochondrial genes, including @entity11 , @entity7 , @entity8 , and @entity10 , concurred with negligible changes in mitochondrial @entity2 and @entity1 . At higher @entity6 concentrations adversity became significant with elevated @entity2 and suppressed @entity4 levels. A computational model was formulated to simulate the @entity9 -mediated transcriptional network comprising multiple negative feedback loops that underlie redox and bioenergetics homeostasis in the mitochondrion. The model recapitulated the transition phase from adaptive to adverse responses, supporting the notion that saturated induction of @entity9 -mediated gene network underpins POD. The model further predicts (follow-up experiments verified) that silencing @entity9 compromises the adaptive function of the transcriptional network, leading to disruption of mitochondria and @entity1 at lower @entity6 concentrations. In summary, our study demonstrates that combining pathway-focused in vitro assays and computational simulation of relevant biochemical network is synergistic for understanding dose-response behaviors in the low-dose region and identifying POD.

title: A @entity9 -Mediated Transcriptional Network Maintains Mitochondrial Redox and Bioenergetic Homeostasis against @entity3 -Induced XXXX in @entity0 Cardiomyocytes: Implementation of TT21C.

answer: @entity1