abstract: BACKGROUND:    The pandemic potential of avian influenza viruses A(H5N1) and A(H7N9) remains an unresolved but critically important question. METHODS:    We compared the characteristics of sporadic and clustered cases of @entity0 H5N1 and @entity1 , estimated the relative risk of @entity1 in blood-related contacts, and the reproduction number (R). RESULTS:    We assembled and analyzed data on 720 H5N1 cases and 460 H7N9 cases up to 2 November 2014. The severity and average age of sporadic/index cases of H7N9 was greater than secondary cases (71% requiring intensive care unit admission vs 33%, P = .007; median age 59 years vs 31, P < .001). We observed no significant differences in the age and severity between sporadic/index and secondary H5N1 cases. The upper limit of the 95% confidence interval (CI) for R was 0.12 for H5N1 and 0.27 for H7N9. A higher proportion of @entity1 occurred in clusters (20%) compared to H7N9 (8%). The relative risk of @entity1 in blood-related contacts of cases compared to unrelated contacts was 8.96 for H5N1 (95% CI, 1.30, 61.86) and 0.80 for H7N9 (95% CI, .32, 1.97). CONCLUSIONS:    The results are consistent with an ascertainment bias towards severe and older cases for sporadic H7N9 but not for H5N1. The lack of evidence for ascertainment bias in sporadic H5N1 cases, the more pronounced clustering of cases, and the higher risk of @entity1 in blood-related contacts, support the hypothesis that susceptibility to H5N1 may be limited and familial. This analysis suggests the potential pandemic risk may be greater for H7N9 than H5N1.

title: Differences in the Epidemiology of XXXX Cases of Avian Influenza A(H7N9) and A(H5N1) Viruses Infection.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective, phase II trial was to determine the response of muscle-invasive @entity4 (MIBC) to concurrent chemoradiotherapy of weekly @entity2 with 4 weeks of radiotherapy (RT; GemX). @entity0 AND METHODS: Fifty @entity0 with transitional cell @entity5 , stage T2-3, N0, M0 after transurethral resection and magnetic resonance imaging, were recruited. @entity2 was given intravenously at 100 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of a 28-day RT schedule that delivered 52.5 Gy in 20 fractions. Chemotherapy was stopped for Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) grade 3 bladder or bowel @entity3 . The primary end points were @entity1 response, @entity3 , and survival. RESULTS: All @entity0 completed RT; 46 tolerated all four cycles of @entity2 . Two @entity0 stopped after two cycles, and two stopped after three cycles, because of bowel @entity3 . Forty-seven @entity0 had a post-treatment cystoscopy; 44 (88%) achieved a complete endoscopic response. At a median follow-up of 36 months (range, 15 to 62 months), 36 @entity0 were alive, and 32 of these had a functional and intact bladder. Fourteen @entity0 died; seven died as a result of metastatic MIBC, five died as a result of intercurrent disease, and two died as a result of treatment-associated @entity6 . Four @entity0 underwent cystectomy; three because of recurrent disease and one because of @entity3 . One @entity0 required a bowel resection for late @entity3 . By using Kaplan-Meier analyses, 3-year cancer-specific survival was 82%, and overall survival was 75%. CONCLUSION: Concurrent @entity2 -based chemoradiotherapy (ie, GemX) produces a high response rate in MIBC and has durable local control and acceptable @entity3 , which allows @entity0 to preserve their own bladder. This treatment modality warrants additional investigation in a phase III setting.

title: Phase II study of conformal hypofractionated radiotherapy with concurrent @entity2 in muscle-invasive XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective, phase II trial was to determine the response of muscle-invasive @entity4 (MIBC) to concurrent chemoradiotherapy of weekly @entity2 with 4 weeks of radiotherapy (RT; GemX). @entity0 AND METHODS: Fifty @entity0 with transitional cell @entity5 , stage T2-3, N0, M0 after transurethral resection and magnetic resonance imaging, were recruited. @entity2 was given intravenously at 100 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of a 28-day RT schedule that delivered 52.5 Gy in 20 fractions. Chemotherapy was stopped for Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) grade 3 bladder or bowel @entity3 . The primary end points were @entity1 response, @entity3 , and survival. RESULTS: All @entity0 completed RT; 46 tolerated all four cycles of @entity2 . Two @entity0 stopped after two cycles, and two stopped after three cycles, because of bowel @entity3 . Forty-seven @entity0 had a post-treatment cystoscopy; 44 (88%) achieved a complete endoscopic response. At a median follow-up of 36 months (range, 15 to 62 months), 36 @entity0 were alive, and 32 of these had a functional and intact bladder. Fourteen @entity0 died; seven died as a result of metastatic MIBC, five died as a result of intercurrent disease, and two died as a result of treatment-associated @entity6 . Four @entity0 underwent cystectomy; three because of recurrent disease and one because of @entity3 . One @entity0 required a bowel resection for late @entity3 . By using Kaplan-Meier analyses, 3-year cancer-specific survival was 82%, and overall survival was 75%. CONCLUSION: Concurrent @entity2 -based chemoradiotherapy (ie, GemX) produces a high response rate in MIBC and has durable local control and acceptable @entity3 , which allows @entity0 to preserve their own bladder. This treatment modality warrants additional investigation in a phase III setting.

title: Phase II study of conformal hypofractionated radiotherapy with concurrent XXXX in muscle-invasive @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the cost, cost effectiveness, and sex equity of different intervention strategies within the English National Chlamydia Screening Programme. To develop a tool for calculating cost effectiveness of @entity2 control programmes at a local, national, or international level. DESIGN: An economic and mathematical modelling study with cost effectiveness analysis. Costs were restricted to those of screening and partner notification from the perspective of the @entity3 and excluded @entity0 costs, the costs of reinfection, and costs of complications arising from @entity1 . SETTING: England. Population Individuals eligible for the National Chlamydia Screening Programme. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cost effectiveness of National Chlamydia Screening Programme in 2008-9 (as cost per individual tested, cost per positive diagnosis, total cost of screening, number screened, number infected, sex ratio of those tested and treated). Comparison of baseline programme with two different interventions-(i) increased coverage of primary screening in @entity0 and (ii) increased efficacy of partner notification. RESULTS: In 2008-9 screening was estimated to cost about   46.3m in total and   506 per infection treated. Provision for partner notification within the screening programme cost between   9 and   27 per index case, excluding treatment and testing. The model results suggest that increasing male screening coverage from 8% (baseline value) to 24% (to match female coverage) would cost an extra   22.9m and increase the cost per infection treated to   528. In contrast, increasing partner notification efficacy from 0.4 (baseline value) to 0.8 partners per index case would cost an extra   3.3m and would reduce the cost per infection diagnosed to   449. Increasing screening coverage to 24% in @entity0 would cost over six times as much as increasing partner notification to 0.8 but only treat twice as many additional infections. CONCLUSIONS: In the English National Chlamydia Screening Programme increasing the effectiveness of partner notification is likely to cost less than increasing male coverage but also improve the ratio of @entity0 to @entity0 diagnosed. Further evaluation of the cost effectiveness of partner notification and screening is urgently needed. The spreadsheet tool developed in this study can be easily modified for use in other settings to evaluate @entity2 control programmes.

title: Costs and cost effectiveness of different strategies for XXXX screening and partner notification: an economic and mathematical modelling study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 (HA) is an osteoconductive material used as a bone graft extender and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) has been used as a source of osteoinductive factors. A combination of DBM and HA is expected to create a composite with both osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. This study examined the effect of a combination of DBM and HA on osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo using an athymic nude @entity1 abdominal muscle pouch model, and evaluated the possibility of HA as a carrier of DBM. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) staining, @entity2 assay and measurements of the mRNA expression of @entity2 and @entity6 by RT-PCR were performed by transplanting @entity0 mesenchymal stem cells onto a plate. Five athymic nude @entity1 each were assigned to one of two experimental groups (DBM/HA putty and only HA, i.e. 15 pouches per group). The muscle pouches were filled with DBM/HA putty or only HA. Radiographs were obtained at weeks 4 and 8, postoperatively. The animals were sacrificed at week 8 postoperatively and high resolution microCT was used to confirm the newly formed mineralized tissue. Each pouch was fixed, embedded, sectioned and processed for @entity4 and @entity5 staining. The @entity2 value of the DBM/HA putty was higher than those of HA and control (p < 0.05, each). The expression of @entity2 mRNA appeared higher on the DBM/HA putty than on HA and control. MicroCT and histology examinations of the DBM/HA putty demonstrated the presence of newly generated mineralized tissues but there was no mineralized tissue in the HA cases. In conclusion, the DBM/HA putty indicated osteoblastic differentiation in vitro and showed ectopic mineralized tissue formation in the @entity1 abdominal pouch model. These findings indicate that the DBM/HA putty can retain its oteoinductivity and HA can be used as a carrier of DBM.

title: Combined effects of porous XXXX and demineralized bone matrix on bone induction: in vitro and in vivo study using a nude @entity1 model.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 (HA) is an osteoconductive material used as a bone graft extender and demineralized bone matrix (DBM) has been used as a source of osteoinductive factors. A combination of DBM and HA is expected to create a composite with both osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties. This study examined the effect of a combination of DBM and HA on osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo using an athymic nude @entity1 abdominal muscle pouch model, and evaluated the possibility of HA as a carrier of DBM. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) staining, @entity2 assay and measurements of the mRNA expression of @entity2 and @entity6 by RT-PCR were performed by transplanting @entity0 mesenchymal stem cells onto a plate. Five athymic nude @entity1 each were assigned to one of two experimental groups (DBM/HA putty and only HA, i.e. 15 pouches per group). The muscle pouches were filled with DBM/HA putty or only HA. Radiographs were obtained at weeks 4 and 8, postoperatively. The animals were sacrificed at week 8 postoperatively and high resolution microCT was used to confirm the newly formed mineralized tissue. Each pouch was fixed, embedded, sectioned and processed for @entity4 and @entity5 staining. The @entity2 value of the DBM/HA putty was higher than those of HA and control (p < 0.05, each). The expression of @entity2 mRNA appeared higher on the DBM/HA putty than on HA and control. MicroCT and histology examinations of the DBM/HA putty demonstrated the presence of newly generated mineralized tissues but there was no mineralized tissue in the HA cases. In conclusion, the DBM/HA putty indicated osteoblastic differentiation in vitro and showed ectopic mineralized tissue formation in the @entity1 abdominal pouch model. These findings indicate that the DBM/HA putty can retain its oteoinductivity and HA can be used as a carrier of DBM.

title: Combined effects of porous @entity3 and demineralized bone matrix on bone induction: in vitro and in vivo study using a nude XXXX model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relation between multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary perfusion imaging and the cavity of @entity1 . METHODS: Altogether 36 @entity0 with malignant nodules who underwent multi-slice spiral CT perfusion scan were examined.The perfusion parameters were collected and compared with the microvessel density (MVD), the incomplete lumen MVD, and the differentiation of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The @entity0 were divided into a hyper-perfusion group and a hypo-perfusion group by the value of perfusion parameters. The maturity of microvessel and the degree of differentiation in @entity2 between the 2 groups was analyzed. RESULTS: Blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), and peak enhancement image( @entity3 ) of the malignant nodules were (39.7  11.5) mL/(100 mg.min), (8.6  3.8)mL/100 g, and (20.1  8.6)HU, respectively. There was a positive correlation between @entity3 and MVD(r=0.645,P<0.01), and a negative correlation between BF and MVD(r=-0.280,P=0.048). There were negative correlations of BF, BV, @entity3 with the incomplete lumen MVD (P<0.05). BF had the highest correlation coefficient(r=-0.882,P<0.01).The incomplete lumen MVD of the hyper-perfusion group was significantly lower than that of hypo-perfusion group (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in MVD between the 2 groups. There were negative correlations of BF, BV, @entity3 with the degree of differentiation (P<0.05). BF had the highest correlation coefficient(r=-0.751,P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary perfusion imaging is helpful to evaluate the degree of differentiation and status of angiogenesis in @entity1 , and its basis is the cavity of microvessel.

title: [Correlation between multi-slice spiral CT pulmonary perfusion imaging and cavity of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical characteristics and operative effect of @entity4 . METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics and operative outcome of 44 @entity0 with @entity4 between August 2005 and April 2010. RESULTS: @entity8 attack was the initial symptom among 40 of the 44 @entity0 . Pathological examinations revealed 18 @entity2 , 9 cavernous malformations, 12 @entity11 , 2 focal @entity12 , 1 @entity10 , 1 @entity3 , and 1 @entity13 . Thirteen @entity0 received anterior medial temporal lobectomy and the other 31 received lesionectomy or selective amygdalohippocampectomy via transsylvian approach. An average of 15.7 month follow-up was accomplished in 37 @entity0 . @entity5 outcomes were evaluated according to Engel classification: Grade I 73.0%(27/37), Grade II 13.5%(5/37), Grade @entity14 .8%(4/37) and Grade IV 2.7%(1/37). No perioperative @entity6 occurred. One @entity0 experienced @entity9 but recovered 8 months after the operation. Noticeable postoperative @entity7 was left in 2 @entity0 . Two @entity0 with @entity2 died of remote @entity1 recurrence during follow-up. CONCLUSION: @entity8 attack is a major complaint of @entity4 . Satisfactory @entity8 and @entity1 control may be achieved through anterior medial temporal lobectomy or selective amygdalohippocampectomy with lesionectomy.

title: [Clinical characteristics and operative effect of XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Taiwan Government issued a policy to restrict antimicrobial usage since 2001. We aimed to assess the changes in the antibiotic consumption and the primary resistance of @entity4 after this policy and the impact of virulence factors on resistance. METHODS: The @entity5 ( @entity5 ) of antibiotics was analyzed using the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) research database. @entity4 strains isolated from treatment na  ve (N=1395) and failure from prior eradication therapies (N=360) from 9 hospitals between 2000 and 2012 were used for analysis. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by agar dilution test. Genotyping for CagA and VacA was determined by PCR method. RESULTS: The @entity5 per 1000 @entity0 per day of macrolides reduced from 1.12 in 1997 to 0.19 in 2008, whereas that of @entity6 increased from 0.12 in 1997 to 0.35 in 2008. The primary resistance of @entity1 , @entity7 , @entity3 , and @entity2 remained as low as 2.2%, 7.9%, 23.7%, and 1.9% respectively. However, the primary @entity8 resistance rose from 4.9% in 2000-2007 to 8.3% in 2008-2010 and 13.4% in 2011-2012 (p=0.001). The primary resistance of @entity3 was higher in females than males (33.1% vs. 18.8%, p<0.001), which was probably attributed to the higher consumption of @entity10 . Neither CagA nor VacA was associated with antibiotic resistance. CONCLUSIONS: The low primary @entity7 and @entity3 resistance of @entity4 in Taiwan might be attributed to the reduced consumption of @entity9 and @entity10 after the national policy to restrict antimicrobial usage. Yet, further strategies are needed to restrict the consumption of @entity6 in the face of rising @entity8 resistance.

title: The Primary Resistance of XXXX in Taiwan after the National Policy to Restrict Antibiotic Consumption and Its Relation to Virulence Factors-A Nationwide Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose To investigate the accuracy of x-ray grating interferometry phase-contrast (PC) imaging for the characterization of @entity0 @entity1 . Materials and Methods PC and conventional absorption computed tomographic (CT) imaging was performed ex vivo in this institutional review board-approved study in 40 @entity0 coronary artery segments by using a synchrotron radiation source. Qualitative analyses and calculations of image quality (McNemar test), plaque components (McNemar test), and plaque classification (Cohen k test) according to the American Heart Association classification were performed in 38 plaques detected at histopathologic examination (reference standard). Quantitative measurements of plaque components (ie, collagen, lipids, smooth muscle, and @entity2 ) were compared among PC and absorption images by using analysis of variance for repeated measures with post hoc Bonferroni correction. Results Image quality was superior in PC (median image score, 1) in all cases (100%) compared with absorption imaging (median image score, 3) (P < .001). Plaque components were detected by means of PC without significant differences (seven of seven @entity2 , 22 of 22 plaques with collagen and smooth muscle cells, P > .99; 29 of 29 plaques with lipids, P = .10) with histopathologic findings, whereas absorption imaging was used to detect @entity2 (seven of seven, P > .99) without statistical differences only (nine of 29 plaques with lipids, 0 of 22 plaques with collagen and smooth muscle cells, P < .001). Accuracy for plaque stage assessment with PC (early vs advanced) was 100%, and characterization was correct in 33 of 38 plaques (87%), while conventional absorption imaging allowed correct characterization of seven plaques only (18%, P < .001). PC CT numbers were significantly different (P < .05) for all plaque components (mean for @entity2 , 1236 HU    69; collagen, 78 HU    24; lipids, -18 HU    23; and smooth muscle cells, 34 HU    12), whereas absorption images showed significant differences (P < .001) between @entity2 (1336 HU    241) and other plaque components, but not for collagen (22 HU    13), lipids (-15 HU    14), and smooth muscle (13 HU    9) (P > .99). Conclusion PC imaging allows accurate characterization of @entity0 coronary artery plaques and quantitative assessment of plaque components, thereby outperforming absorption imaging. (  ) RSNA, 2015 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

title: Diagnostic Accuracy of Quantitative and Qualitative Phase-Contrast Imaging for the ex Vivo Characterization of XXXX Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaques.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Recently a retrospective study has been published describing a significant correlation of immediate @entity2 (IPLC) and a favorable pathological Gleason score (pGS) in @entity0 undergoing robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP). The aim of the present study was to prospectively validate these results on an external dataset. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 346 @entity0 undergoing RARP as first-line therapy for @entity4 were included. Clinical and histopathological parameters, criteria of IPLC, and pGS were recorded prospectively. Potential association between IPLC and pGS was evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: IPLC was found in 77.2% (n   =   267) of all @entity0 with a median leukocyte blood count (LBC) of 12.5   *   10(9)/L (interquartile range, 10.2-15   *   10(9)/L). Of these, in 255 @entity0 IPLC was found within the range of 10-20   *   10(9)/L, whereas an IPLC of >20   *   10(9)/L was found in only 12 @entity0 . Of the @entity0 , 49.1%, 40.5%, and 10.4% presented with a pGS6, pGS7, and pGS8-10 @entity1 , respectively. There was neither a univariate nor a multivariate correlation between IPLC and pGS. Furthermore, no significant correlation could be detected between IPLC and other clinical, intraoperative, or histopathological criteria. In 175 (66%) @entity0 with IPLC normal LBC levels were measured on postoperative Day 4. CONCLUSIONS: IPLC was not associated with more favorable @entity1 biology (lower pGS, better @entity1 stage) and not influenced by @entity0 conditions (age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, smoking) or intraoperative parameters ( @entity3 , operating time, surgeon). In addition, there was no significant correlation with serious complications (Clavien-Dindo Grade 3a/b) within a period of 90 days.

title: XXXX After Robotic-Assisted Radical Prostatectomy Is Not Associated with Perioperative Outcome and Histopathological Findings.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several methods are recommended equally strongly for @entity2 screening in average-risk @entity0 . Risk stratification would enable tailoring of screening within this group, with less invasive tests (sigmoidoscopy or occult blood tests) for lower-risk @entity0 and colonoscopy for higher-risk @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: To create a risk index for advanced @entity1 ( @entity2 and @entity3 or serrated @entity4 >= 1.0 cm, villous histology, or high-grade @entity5 ) anywhere in the colorectum, using the most common risk factors for @entity2 . DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Multiple endoscopy units, primarily in the Midwest. @entity0 : @entity0 aged 50 to 80 years undergoing initial screening colonoscopy (December 2004 to September 2011). MEASUREMENTS: Derivation and validation of a risk index based on points from regression coefficients for age, sex, waist circumference, cigarette smoking, and family history of @entity2 . RESULTS: Among 2993 @entity0 in the derivation set, prevalence of advanced @entity1 was 9.4%. Risks for advanced @entity1 in @entity0 at very low, low, intermediate, and high risk were 1.92% (95% CI, 0.63% to 4.43%), 4.88% (CI, 3.79% to 6.18%), 9.93% (CI, 8.09% to 12.0%), and 24.9% (CI, 21.1% to 29.1%), respectively (P < 0.001). Sigmoidoscopy to the descending colon in the low-risk groups would have detected 51 of 70 (73% [CI, 61% to 83%]) advanced @entity1 . Among 1467 @entity0 in the validation set, corresponding risks for advanced @entity1 were 1.65% (CI, 0.20% to 5.84%), 3.31% (CI, 2.08% to 4.97%), 10.9% (CI, 8.26% to 14.1%), and 22.3% (CI, 16.9% to 28.5%), respectively (P < 0.001). Sigmoidoscopy would have detected 21 of 24 (87.5% [CI, 68% to 97%]) advanced @entity1 . LIMITATIONS: Split-sample validation; results apply to first-time screening. CONCLUSION: This index stratifies risk for advanced @entity1 among average-risk @entity0 by identifying lower-risk groups for which noncolonoscopy strategies may be effective and efficient and a higher-risk group for which colonoscopy may be preferred. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: National @entity1 Institute, Walther @entity1 Institute, Indiana University Simon @entity1 Center, and Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute.

title: Derivation and Validation of a Scoring System to Stratify Risk for XXXX in Asymptomatic Adults: A Cross-sectional Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 are potentially lethal lesions. We report two illustrative cases and discuss etiology, diagnosis and treatment of these @entity5 . OUTLINE OF CASES: Both @entity0 , age 31 and 80 years, were biparous @entity0 .The younger @entity0 , otherwise healthy, was referred from a local hospital 3 weeks after she underwent a left subcostal laparotomy and exploration for symptomatic abdominal mass diagnosed by CT. Angiography established the diagnosis of a large, non- @entity9 . Elective aneurysmectomy with splenectomy was performed using the approach through the upper median laparotomy and bursa omentalis. Postoperative course was uneventful. Histopathology demonstrated @entity1 with chronic dissection. The other @entity0 , elderly @entity0 , presented urgently with acute @entity6 and @entity8 and was diagnosed by computed tomography with a huge, @entity9 . She underwent immediate aneurysmectomy with splenectomy using the same, above-mentioned approach. @entity10 and @entity2 , requiring open pseudocyst drainage and cystojejunostomy. After a protracted hospitalization @entity0 eventually recovered. The pathological diagnosis was @entity7 . CONCLUSION: @entity4 are infrequent lesions, with varied etiology and clinical presentation. Timely diagnosis and adequate treatment prevent life-threatening @entity3 and lessen the risk of operative morbidity and mortality.

title: XXXX : Two Cases of Varied Etiology, Clinical Presentation and Treatment Outcome.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) complex functions in endocytic and autophagic pathways in both lower eukaryotes and @entity0 cells through its involvement in fusion events between endosomes and lysosomes or autophagosomes and lysosomes. However, the differential molecular mechanisms underlying these fusion processes are largely unknown. Buff (bf) is a @entity1 mutant that carries an @entity5 point mutation ( @entity5 ) in the @entity6 protein, a tethering protein and a core subunit of the @entity3 complex. Bf @entity1 showed @entity2 , motor learning, and autophagic activity. Although the gross anatomy of the brain was apparently normal, the number of Purkinje cells was significantly reduced. Furthermore, we found that fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes was defective in bf cells without compromising the endocytic pathway. The direct association of mutant @entity6 ( @entity5 ) with the autophagic SNARE complex, @entity7 ( @entity7 )- @entity8 - @entity9 , was enhanced. In addition, the @entity6 ( @entity5 ) mutation enhanced interactions with other @entity3 subunits, namely @entity4 , @entity10 , @entity11 , and @entity12 , except for @entity13 . Reduction of the interactions between @entity6 ( @entity14 ) and several other @entity3 subunits led to decreased association with @entity7 . These results suggest that the @entity6 ( @entity5 ) mutation plays dual roles by increasing the @entity3 complex assembly and its association with the autophagic SNARE complex, which selectively affects the autophagosome-lysosome fusion that impairs basal autophagic activity and induces Purkinje cell loss.

title: Impairment of autophagosome-lysosome fusion in the buff mutant @entity1 with the XXXX ( @entity5 ) mutation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) complex functions in endocytic and autophagic pathways in both lower eukaryotes and @entity0 cells through its involvement in fusion events between endosomes and lysosomes or autophagosomes and lysosomes. However, the differential molecular mechanisms underlying these fusion processes are largely unknown. Buff (bf) is a @entity1 mutant that carries an @entity5 point mutation ( @entity5 ) in the @entity6 protein, a tethering protein and a core subunit of the @entity3 complex. Bf @entity1 showed @entity2 , motor learning, and autophagic activity. Although the gross anatomy of the brain was apparently normal, the number of Purkinje cells was significantly reduced. Furthermore, we found that fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes was defective in bf cells without compromising the endocytic pathway. The direct association of mutant @entity6 ( @entity5 ) with the autophagic SNARE complex, @entity7 ( @entity7 )- @entity8 - @entity9 , was enhanced. In addition, the @entity6 ( @entity5 ) mutation enhanced interactions with other @entity3 subunits, namely @entity4 , @entity10 , @entity11 , and @entity12 , except for @entity13 . Reduction of the interactions between @entity6 ( @entity14 ) and several other @entity3 subunits led to decreased association with @entity7 . These results suggest that the @entity6 ( @entity5 ) mutation plays dual roles by increasing the @entity3 complex assembly and its association with the autophagic SNARE complex, which selectively affects the autophagosome-lysosome fusion that impairs basal autophagic activity and induces Purkinje cell loss.

title: Impairment of autophagosome-lysosome fusion in the buff mutant @entity1 with the @entity6 ( XXXX ) mutation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) complex functions in endocytic and autophagic pathways in both lower eukaryotes and @entity0 cells through its involvement in fusion events between endosomes and lysosomes or autophagosomes and lysosomes. However, the differential molecular mechanisms underlying these fusion processes are largely unknown. Buff (bf) is a @entity1 mutant that carries an @entity5 point mutation ( @entity5 ) in the @entity6 protein, a tethering protein and a core subunit of the @entity3 complex. Bf @entity1 showed @entity2 , motor learning, and autophagic activity. Although the gross anatomy of the brain was apparently normal, the number of Purkinje cells was significantly reduced. Furthermore, we found that fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes was defective in bf cells without compromising the endocytic pathway. The direct association of mutant @entity6 ( @entity5 ) with the autophagic SNARE complex, @entity7 ( @entity7 )- @entity8 - @entity9 , was enhanced. In addition, the @entity6 ( @entity5 ) mutation enhanced interactions with other @entity3 subunits, namely @entity4 , @entity10 , @entity11 , and @entity12 , except for @entity13 . Reduction of the interactions between @entity6 ( @entity14 ) and several other @entity3 subunits led to decreased association with @entity7 . These results suggest that the @entity6 ( @entity5 ) mutation plays dual roles by increasing the @entity3 complex assembly and its association with the autophagic SNARE complex, which selectively affects the autophagosome-lysosome fusion that impairs basal autophagic activity and induces Purkinje cell loss.

title: Impairment of autophagosome-lysosome fusion in the buff mutant XXXX with the @entity6 ( @entity5 ) mutation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Although @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a recognized @entity2 in @entity0 who receive pelvic @entity4 ( @entity4 ), the relationship between @entity4 dose and the volume and extent of @entity2 has not been analyzed. We modeled this relationship to identify predictors of @entity3 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: We evaluated 54 @entity0 , aged 29 to 78 years, who underwent pelvic @entity4 for @entity1 during 2008 to 2011 and were enrolled in a prospective study evaluating vaginal dilator use. Maximum dilator size was measured before @entity4 (baseline) and 1 month and 12 months after @entity4 . Dilator use was initiated at 1 month. The difference (D) in dilator size before and after @entity4 was recorded. Those with D  <=-1 were classified as having @entity3 (n=35); those with D >= 0 were classified as having no @entity3 (n=19 at 1 month). Dose-volume parameters were extracted, and the generalized equivalent uniform dose (gEUD) was used to build a predictive model. RESULTS: The mean vaginal doses were 50.0 Gy and 36.8 Gy for anal and @entity1 @entity0 , respectively. One month after @entity4 , a gEUD model using a wide range of a values suggests that sparing of vaginal volume to a low dose may be important. When gEUD (a = -1) was <35 Gy and the mean vaginal dose was <43 Gy, severe @entity3 was reduced (P=.02). A 1-year analysis suggests increasingly negative D values with increasing mean dose. However, @entity0 with compliance <40% were more likely to have @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Vaginal @entity3 is influenced by multiple @entity4 dose-volume characteristics. Mean dose and gEUD constraints together may reduce the risk of severe @entity3 . @entity0 receiving higher mean vaginal doses should have greater compliance with dilator therapy to minimize risk of @entity2 . Further validation with independent datasets is needed.

title: Dosimetric Predictors of Radiation-Induced Vaginal Stenosis After Pelvic Radiation Therapy for Rectal and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The emerging resistance to the extended-spectrum @entity4 (ESCs) in @entity6 together with increasing incidence of gonorrhoea cases in many countries have been global public health concerns. However, in recent years the levels of ESC resistance have decreased in several regions worldwide. We describe the European Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme ( @entity9 -GASP) data from 2013, and compare them to corresponding data from 2009-2012. METHODS: During 2013, @entity6 isolates from 21 participating countries were examined. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (Etest or agar dilution) was performed for @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity8 and @entity1 . Statistical analyses were performed to identify significant changes in resistance between years and to investigate associations between @entity0 with resistant gonococcal isolates and collected epidemiological variables. RESULTS: In total, 93 (4.7  %) of 1994 isolates displayed resistance to @entity7 , representing an increase compared to the 3.9  % detected in 2012 (p   =   0.23). @entity7 resistance was detected in 13 (61.9  %) of the 21 countries. @entity7 resistance among @entity0 who have sex with @entity0 was only 1.2  %, compared to 5.6  % and 6.1  % in females and male heterosexuals, respectively. The univariate analysis confirmed that isolates resistant to @entity7 were more likely to be from females (OR 4.87, p   <   0.01) or male heterosexuals (OR 5.32, p   <   0.01). Seven (0.4  %) isolates displayed @entity3 resistance (in addition to @entity7 resistance) compared to three and 10 isolates in 2012 and 2011, respectively. All 93 isolates with @entity7 resistance were additionally resistant to @entity2 and 16 (17.2  %) were also resistant to @entity5 . Among all tested isolates (n   =   1994), the @entity2 resistance level (52.9  %) was higher than in 2012 (50.1  %; p   =   0.08), and @entity5 resistance (5.4  %) increased since 2012 (4.5  %; p   =   0.16). CONCLUSIONS: In 2013, the ESC resistance was again slightly increasing in Europe. This emphasises the importance of implementing the actions outlined in the European and additional response plans, particularly activities strengthening the surveillance of antimicrobial resistance. @entity3 combined with @entity5 remains a satisfactory option for the first-line treatment of gonorrhoea. However novel antimicrobials (new derivatives of previously developed antimicrobials or newly developed antimicrobials) for effective monotherapy or at least inclusion in new dual antimicrobial therapy regimens (combined with previously developed antimicrobials or novel antimicrobials) will likely be required.

title: Is the tide turning again for cephalosporin resistance in XXXX in Europe? Results from the 2013 European surveillance.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 and @entity1 , key risk factors for @entity2 , are significant health problems globally. As @entity2 is one of the leading causes of mortality in Mongolia since 2000, clinical guidelines on arterial @entity3 and @entity1 were developed and implemented in 2011. This paper explores the barriers and enablers influencing the implementation of these guidelines in the primary care setting. METHODS: A phenomenological qualitative study with semi-structured interviews was conducted to explore the implementation of the @entity1 and @entity3 guidelines at the primary care level, as well as to gain insight into how practitioners view the usability and practicality of the guidelines. Ten family health centres were randomly chosen from a list of all the family health centres (n   =   136) located in Ulaanbaatar City. In each centre, a focus group discussion with nurses (n   =   20) and individual interviews with practice doctors (n   =   10) and practice managers (n   =   10) were conducted. Data was analysed using a thematic approach utilising the Theoretical Domains Framework. RESULTS: The majority of the study @entity0 reported being aware of the guidelines and that they had incorporated them into their daily practice. They also reported having attended guideline training sessions which were focused on practice skill development. The majority of @entity0 expressed satisfaction with the wide range of resources that had been supplied to them by the Mongolian Government to assist with the implementation of the guidelines. The resources, supplied from 2011 onwards, included screening devices, equipment for blood tests, medications and educational materials. Other enablers were the @entity0 ' commitment and passion for guideline implementation and their belief in the simplicity and practicality of the guidelines. Primary care providers reported a number of challenges in implementing the guidelines, including frustration caused by increased workload and long waiting times, time constraints, difficulties with conflicting tasks and low @entity0 health literacy. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that @entity4 and implementation strategies increase the likelihood of successful implementation of new guidelines in low resource primary care settings. It also offers some key lessons that might be carefully considered when other evidence-based clinical guidelines are to be put into effect in low resource settings and elsewhere.

title: Implementation of clinical guidelines on @entity1 and XXXX in urban Mongolia: a qualitative study of primary care providers' perspectives and experiences.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 and @entity1 , key risk factors for @entity2 , are significant health problems globally. As @entity2 is one of the leading causes of mortality in Mongolia since 2000, clinical guidelines on arterial @entity3 and @entity1 were developed and implemented in 2011. This paper explores the barriers and enablers influencing the implementation of these guidelines in the primary care setting. METHODS: A phenomenological qualitative study with semi-structured interviews was conducted to explore the implementation of the @entity1 and @entity3 guidelines at the primary care level, as well as to gain insight into how practitioners view the usability and practicality of the guidelines. Ten family health centres were randomly chosen from a list of all the family health centres (n   =   136) located in Ulaanbaatar City. In each centre, a focus group discussion with nurses (n   =   20) and individual interviews with practice doctors (n   =   10) and practice managers (n   =   10) were conducted. Data was analysed using a thematic approach utilising the Theoretical Domains Framework. RESULTS: The majority of the study @entity0 reported being aware of the guidelines and that they had incorporated them into their daily practice. They also reported having attended guideline training sessions which were focused on practice skill development. The majority of @entity0 expressed satisfaction with the wide range of resources that had been supplied to them by the Mongolian Government to assist with the implementation of the guidelines. The resources, supplied from 2011 onwards, included screening devices, equipment for blood tests, medications and educational materials. Other enablers were the @entity0 ' commitment and passion for guideline implementation and their belief in the simplicity and practicality of the guidelines. Primary care providers reported a number of challenges in implementing the guidelines, including frustration caused by increased workload and long waiting times, time constraints, difficulties with conflicting tasks and low @entity0 health literacy. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that @entity4 and implementation strategies increase the likelihood of successful implementation of new guidelines in low resource primary care settings. It also offers some key lessons that might be carefully considered when other evidence-based clinical guidelines are to be put into effect in low resource settings and elsewhere.

title: Implementation of clinical guidelines on XXXX and @entity3 in urban Mongolia: a qualitative study of primary care providers' perspectives and experiences.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 ( @entity2 ) contamination is a global issue due to its anthropogenic release, long-range transport, and deposition in remote areas. In Kejimkujik National Park and National Historic Site, Nova Scotia, Canada, high concentrations of total @entity1 (THg) were found in tissues of yellow perch (Perca flavescens). The aim of this study was to evaluate a possible relationship between THg concentrations and the morphology of perch liver as a main site of metal storage and @entity0 . Yellow perch were sampled from five lakes known to contain fish representing a wide range in @entity2 concentrations in fall 2013. The ultrastructure of hepatocytes and the distribution of @entity2 within the liver parenchyma were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM)  and electron energy loss spectrometry (EELS). The relative area of macrophage aggregates (MAs) in the liver was determined using image analysis software and fluorescence microscopy. No relation between general health indicators (Fulton's condition index) and THg was observed. In line with this, TEM examination of the liver ultrastructure revealed no prominent pathologies related to THg accumulation. However, a morphological parameter that appeared to increase with muscle THg was the relative area of MAs in the liver. The hepatic lysosomes appeared to be enlarged in samples with the highest THg concentrations. Interestingly, EELS analysis revealed that the MAs and hepatic lysosomes  contained @entity2 .

title: Morphological alterations in the liver of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from a biological XXXX hotspot.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 , a chronic self-limited disease of the skin, is usually caused by Leishmania Tropica. It is endemic in Southeastern Anatolia. The definitive diagnosis depends on demonstration of the parasites by smear and culture or its identification in tissue section. This study aimed to evaluate clinical and histopathological @entity5 in @entity9 cases in Antalya, @entity4 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Our study included 28 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity9 at the Pathology Department of Akdeniz University Medical Faculty. Histopathological sections were stained with @entity10 - @entity7 , Giemsa or Leishman for visual examination of cellular components by two dermatopathologists. The epidermal ( @entity8 , @entity11 , @entity2 , lymphocytic exocytosis) and dermal changes that may indicate lymphohistiocytic infiltration and @entity6 formation were investigated. The parasitic load was classified according to the modified Ridley's parasitic index. RESULTS: Out of 28 cases, 11 had hyperparakeratosis, 17 had orthokeratosis, 20 had @entity8 , 4 had epidermal @entity2 , and 7 had exocytosis. Typical epithelioid cell @entity6 with giant cells and a rim of lymphocytes were present in 16 cases. Leishman-Donovan bodies were extremely rare in typical @entity1 . The other 12 cases showed lymphohistiositic infiltration, giant cells and prominent plasma cells. There were numerous Leishman-Donovan bodies in these lesions. CONCLUSION: We investigated the epidermal and dermal changes that would facilitate the histopathological diagnosis of @entity9 in this study. We found that @entity2 , @entity8 , and orthokeratosis were early stage indicators, while exocytosis, hyperparakeratosis, and @entity2 were indicative of late stage disease.

title: Clinicopathological evaluation of XXXX in the mediterranean region of @entity4 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 , a chronic self-limited disease of the skin, is usually caused by Leishmania Tropica. It is endemic in Southeastern Anatolia. The definitive diagnosis depends on demonstration of the parasites by smear and culture or its identification in tissue section. This study aimed to evaluate clinical and histopathological @entity5 in @entity9 cases in Antalya, @entity4 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Our study included 28 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity9 at the Pathology Department of Akdeniz University Medical Faculty. Histopathological sections were stained with @entity10 - @entity7 , Giemsa or Leishman for visual examination of cellular components by two dermatopathologists. The epidermal ( @entity8 , @entity11 , @entity2 , lymphocytic exocytosis) and dermal changes that may indicate lymphohistiocytic infiltration and @entity6 formation were investigated. The parasitic load was classified according to the modified Ridley's parasitic index. RESULTS: Out of 28 cases, 11 had hyperparakeratosis, 17 had orthokeratosis, 20 had @entity8 , 4 had epidermal @entity2 , and 7 had exocytosis. Typical epithelioid cell @entity6 with giant cells and a rim of lymphocytes were present in 16 cases. Leishman-Donovan bodies were extremely rare in typical @entity1 . The other 12 cases showed lymphohistiositic infiltration, giant cells and prominent plasma cells. There were numerous Leishman-Donovan bodies in these lesions. CONCLUSION: We investigated the epidermal and dermal changes that would facilitate the histopathological diagnosis of @entity9 in this study. We found that @entity2 , @entity8 , and orthokeratosis were early stage indicators, while exocytosis, hyperparakeratosis, and @entity2 were indicative of late stage disease.

title: Clinicopathological evaluation of @entity9 in the mediterranean region of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) as a result of @entity4 exposure. Several inflammation-based prognostic scores including the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) reportedly predict survival in many @entity1 , while the role of LMR in @entity5 remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of LMR and to compare the prognostic value of these inflammation-based scores in predicting @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty @entity0 with histologically proven @entity5 were included in this retrospective study. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox-regression analyses were calculated for @entity3 . The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was calculated to compare the discriminatory ability of each scoring system. RESULTS: An elevated LMR was significantly associated with prolonged @entity3 . @entity0 with @entity6 .74 had significantly poor survival compared with LMR >= 2.74 (median, 5.0 versus 14.0 months; p=0.000). The LMR consistently had a higher AUC value at 6 months (0.722), 12 months (0.712), and 24 months (0.670), compared with other scores. Multivariate analysis showed that the LMR was independently associated with @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The LMR is an independent prognostic marker for @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity5 and is superior to other inflammation-based prognostic scores with respect to prognostic ability.

title: Prognostic significance of the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2 plays a key role in the pathogenesis of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) as a result of @entity4 exposure. Several inflammation-based prognostic scores including the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) reportedly predict survival in many @entity1 , while the role of LMR in @entity5 remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical value of LMR and to compare the prognostic value of these inflammation-based scores in predicting @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred and fifty @entity0 with histologically proven @entity5 were included in this retrospective study. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox-regression analyses were calculated for @entity3 . The area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) was calculated to compare the discriminatory ability of each scoring system. RESULTS: An elevated LMR was significantly associated with prolonged @entity3 . @entity0 with @entity6 .74 had significantly poor survival compared with LMR >= 2.74 (median, 5.0 versus 14.0 months; p=0.000). The LMR consistently had a higher AUC value at 6 months (0.722), 12 months (0.712), and 24 months (0.670), compared with other scores. Multivariate analysis showed that the LMR was independently associated with @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The LMR is an independent prognostic marker for @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity5 and is superior to other inflammation-based prognostic scores with respect to prognostic ability.

title: Prognostic significance of the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity4 is a bacterium responsible for health care-associated infections, and it frequently develops multiple drug resistance (MDR). The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii in Iran has increased, and this may cause significant clinical problems. Therefore, in order to elucidate the development of antibiotic resistance, we performed a systematic review of the literature published on antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii reported in Iran. METHODS: Thirty-six publications that met the criteria for inclusion were reviewed from an initial 87 papers. Selected papers published between 2008 and September 2014, were categorized on the basis of the sample collecting year been between 2001 and 2013. RESULTS: Analysis of data revealed that, in general, there was an increase in antimicrobial resistance. During the initial time point of these studies (2001-2007) there was a high rate of resistance to all antibiotics, with the exception of carbapenems, lipopeptides, and @entity1 that had a low resistance rate in comparison with the others. Also, the resistance rate was increased in one group of these three antimicrobial groups from 2010 to 2013. In particular, there was an increase in resistance to carbapenems ( @entity3 and @entity2 ) from 2010-2011 and 2012-2013, whereas no significant change in the resistance rate of the other two antimicrobial groups (lipopeptides and @entity1 ) during the study time was observed, although we did observe certain trends in @entity5 ( @entity6 group antibiotic) between 2011-2012 and 2012-2013. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that antimicrobial resistance of A. baumannii in Iran has increased, which may very well affect the antimicrobial resistance of this organism worldwide. Based on these results, novel prevention and treatment strategies against @entity0 are warranted. Furthermore, these data may assist in revising treatment guidelines and regional policies in care units to slow the emergence of antimicrobial resistance.

title: Antibiotic Resistance of XXXX in Iran: A Systemic Review of the Published Literature.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recent studies of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have been reported to have high incidence rates of these @entity0 in Golestan Province of Iran. The present study describes the geographical patterns of @entity2 and @entity1 incidence based on @entity0 registry data and display statistically significant regions within this province. METHODS: In order to map the distribution of upper @entity3 , relative risk (RR) were calculated. Therefore, to estimate a more reliable RR, Poisson regression models were used. The adjusted models (adjusted to urban-rural area, sex, and grouped age proportion) were utilized. We considered two-component random effects for each observation, an unstructured (noncorrelated) and a group of "neighbor" (correlated) heterogeneities. We estimated the model parameters using Gibbs sampling and empirical Bayes method. We used @entity2 and @entity1 data that were registered with Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in the years 2004-2008. RESULTS: The @entity2 and @entity1 maps were drawn for 2004-2008 in the province. Kalaleh and Minoodasht counties have a high RR of @entity2 and @entity1 in the years of study. In almost all years, the areas with a high RR were steady. CONCLUSION: The @entity2 and @entity1 maps showed significant spatial patterns of risk in Golestan province of Iran. Further study is needed to multivariate clustering and mapping of @entity0 RRs with considering diet and socioeconomic factors.

title: XXXX incidence mapping in golestan province, iran: using bayesian-gibbs sampling.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aging and age-related diseases are one of the most important health issues that the world will confront during the 21(st) century. Only by understanding the proximal causes will we be able to find treatments to reduce or delay the onset of @entity1 associated with aging. Currently, the prevalent paradigm in the field is the accumulation of damage. However, a new theory that proposes an alternative explanation is gaining momentum. The @entity4 theory proposes that aging is not a consequence of a wear and tear process, but a result of the continuation of developmental programs during adulthood. Here we use @entity2 , where evidence supporting both paradigms has been reported, to identify which parameters that have been previously related with lifespan best predict the rate of aging in wild type flies cultured at different temperatures. We find that mitochondrial function and mitochondrial reactive @entity0 species (mtROS) generation correlates with metabolic rate, but not with the rate of aging. Importantly, we find that activation of nutrient sensing pathways (i.e. insulin-PI3K/Target of @entity3 (Tor) pathway) correlates with lifespan, but not with metabolic rate. Our results, dissociate metabolic rate and lifespan in wild type flies and instead link nutrient sensing signalling with longevity as predicted by the @entity4 theory.

title: Target of @entity3 activation predicts lifespan in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Aging and age-related diseases are one of the most important health issues that the world will confront during the 21(st) century. Only by understanding the proximal causes will we be able to find treatments to reduce or delay the onset of @entity1 associated with aging. Currently, the prevalent paradigm in the field is the accumulation of damage. However, a new theory that proposes an alternative explanation is gaining momentum. The @entity4 theory proposes that aging is not a consequence of a wear and tear process, but a result of the continuation of developmental programs during adulthood. Here we use @entity2 , where evidence supporting both paradigms has been reported, to identify which parameters that have been previously related with lifespan best predict the rate of aging in wild type flies cultured at different temperatures. We find that mitochondrial function and mitochondrial reactive @entity0 species (mtROS) generation correlates with metabolic rate, but not with the rate of aging. Importantly, we find that activation of nutrient sensing pathways (i.e. insulin-PI3K/Target of @entity3 (Tor) pathway) correlates with lifespan, but not with metabolic rate. Our results, dissociate metabolic rate and lifespan in wild type flies and instead link nutrient sensing signalling with longevity as predicted by the @entity4 theory.

title: Target of XXXX activation predicts lifespan in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Six healthy @entity0 walked 37 km (23 miles) per day over a 3- @entity6 course for each of 4 consecutive days. Subjects were allowed breakfast and an unrestricted diet was consumed after completion of the walk, but no food was consumed during or between laps. At a later date the same subjects walked over the same course after an overnight fast and without breakfast. Completion time for each @entity6 was 139 +/- 1 min (mean +/- SE) and exercise intensity was equivalent to 17 +/- 1% VO2max. Mean 24h energy intake was 14.5 +/- 0.8 MJ during the fed walk. Estimated daily energy expenditure was 12.0 MJ. Blood @entity1 concentration fell significantly on the first, third and fourth days of the fed walk, but no subject became hypoglycaemic. @entity1 concentration did not fall during the fasted walk and was significantly higher pre-exercise and at the end of laps one and three when compared to the first day of the fed walk. Blood @entity2 concentration fell significantly after the end of the first @entity6 of each day of the fed walk but not during the fasted walk. Blood @entity5 levels did not change during the course of either walk. Plasma free @entity4 , @entity3 and blood @entity7 concentrations were unchanged during the passage of the first @entity6 on each day of the fed walk, but all three had increased significantly by the end of the first @entity6 of the fasted walk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The metabolic response to prolonged walking in fed and fasted XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are considered atheroprotective, and low levels have been associated with the @entity6 ( @entity6 ), particularly non-ST elevation (NSTE)- @entity6 . However, the functional properties as well as homeostasis of Tregs are mainly unknown in @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Here, we investigated the composition and functional properties of na  ve (n) and memory (m)Tregs in @entity0 with NSTE- @entity6 and in @entity0 6-12  months post- @entity6 . METHODS: Based on the expression of @entity7 , @entity2 , @entity10 , CD45RA, @entity11 and @entity9 , Treg  subsets were defined by flow cytometry in whole blood or isolated @entity3 (+) T cells. The functional properties of nTregs and mTregs were examined in terms of proliferative capacity and modulation of cytokine secretion. To understand the potential consequences of Treg defects, we also investigated correlations with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine secretion and ultrasound-defined @entity8 . RESULTS: Both NSTE- @entity6 and post- @entity6 @entity0 exhibited reduced levels of nTregs (P  <  0.001) compared with healthy control subjects, but without compensatory increases in mTregs. Both nTregs and mTregs from @entity0 showed significantly lower replicative rates and impaired capacity to modulate T-cell proliferation and secretion of @entity1 and @entity5 . The Treg defect was also associated with LPS-induced cytokine secretion and increased burden of @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate a functional and homeostatic Treg defect in @entity0 with NSTE- @entity6 and also in stabilized @entity0 6-12  months after @entity6 . Moreover, this defect was associated with a subclinical proinflammatory and atherogenic state. We believe that the failure to preserve Treg function and homeostasis reflects a need for immune-restoring strategies in @entity4 .

title: Functional and homeostatic defects of regulatory T cells in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are considered atheroprotective, and low levels have been associated with the @entity6 ( @entity6 ), particularly non-ST elevation (NSTE)- @entity6 . However, the functional properties as well as homeostasis of Tregs are mainly unknown in @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Here, we investigated the composition and functional properties of na  ve (n) and memory (m)Tregs in @entity0 with NSTE- @entity6 and in @entity0 6-12  months post- @entity6 . METHODS: Based on the expression of @entity7 , @entity2 , @entity10 , CD45RA, @entity11 and @entity9 , Treg  subsets were defined by flow cytometry in whole blood or isolated @entity3 (+) T cells. The functional properties of nTregs and mTregs were examined in terms of proliferative capacity and modulation of cytokine secretion. To understand the potential consequences of Treg defects, we also investigated correlations with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine secretion and ultrasound-defined @entity8 . RESULTS: Both NSTE- @entity6 and post- @entity6 @entity0 exhibited reduced levels of nTregs (P  <  0.001) compared with healthy control subjects, but without compensatory increases in mTregs. Both nTregs and mTregs from @entity0 showed significantly lower replicative rates and impaired capacity to modulate T-cell proliferation and secretion of @entity1 and @entity5 . The Treg defect was also associated with LPS-induced cytokine secretion and increased burden of @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate a functional and homeostatic Treg defect in @entity0 with NSTE- @entity6 and also in stabilized @entity0 6-12  months after @entity6 . Moreover, this defect was associated with a subclinical proinflammatory and atherogenic state. We believe that the failure to preserve Treg function and homeostasis reflects a need for immune-restoring strategies in @entity4 .

title: Functional and homeostatic defects of regulatory T cells in XXXX with @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: RATIONALE: How nasal symptoms in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) change over time and resolve during naturally occurring exacerbations has not been described previously. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the evolution and impact of upper airway symptoms in a well-defined @entity1 cohort when stable and at exacerbation. METHODS: @entity0 in the London @entity1 cohort were asked about the presence of nasal symptoms (nasal discharge, sneezing, postnasal drip, blocked nose, and anosmia) over an 8-year period (2005-2013) every 3 months at routine clinic visits while in a stable state and daily during exacerbations with the use of diary cards. Data were prospectively collected, and, in a subgroup of @entity0 , @entity1 Assessment Test scores and @entity0 rhinovirus identification by polymerase chain reaction were available. @entity0 were also defined as having infrequent or frequent exacerbations (<2 or >= 2 exacerbations/yr, respectively). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: At an aggregate of 4,368 visits, 209 @entity0 with @entity1 were asked about their nasal symptoms. At 2,033 visits when the @entity0 were stable, the odds ratio (OR) for nasal discharge increased by 1.32% per year (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-1.45; P   <   0.001); the OR for sneezing increased by 1.16% (95% CI, 1.05-1.29; P   =   0.005); the OR for postnasal drip increased by 1.18% (95% CI, 1.03-1.36; P   =   0.016); and the OR for anosmia increased by 1.19% (95% CI, 1.03-1.37; P   =   0.015). At visits when the @entity0 were having exacerbations, nasal discharge was present for 7 days and blocked nose, sneezing, and postnasal drip increased for just 3 days. Anosmia did not change. Nasal discharge was more likely in @entity0 with frequent exacerbations (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.17-3.28; P   =   0.011), and @entity1 Assessment Test scores were higher by 1.06 units (95% CI, 0.32-1.80; P   =   0.005) when @entity0 were stable and higher by 1.30 units (95% CI, 0.05-2.57; P   =   0.042) during exacerbations. CONCLUSIONS: Upper airway symptoms increase over time in @entity0 with @entity1 and are related to the frequent exacerbation phenotype. These longitudinal changes may be due to increasing airway inflammation or to progression of @entity1 .

title: Upper respiratory symptoms worsen over time and relate to clinical phenotype in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for @entity5 with @entity9 -terminated glucocerebrosidase has proved its therapeutic position with salutary effects on @entity7 , visceral infiltration, and quality of life. The frequency of new bone complications is reduced but not eliminated. Established @entity8 is beyond salvage. A systematic description of the burden of bone manifestations, persisting despite ERT, should inform future remedial strategies. Thus, we conducted this study to quantify the @entity6 and to explore putative relationships between clinical, radiologic, and biochemical factors and bone sequelae associated with disability.Consecutive adult @entity0 attending 3 referral centers in the United Kingdom were invited to participate. A representative group of 100 @entity0 agreed to a structured interview, clinical examination, radiologic review, and completion of questionnaires. @entity8 was evident in 43%, @entity2 in 59%, @entity4 in 28%, @entity10 in 6%, and @entity1 in 4%. Mobility was impaired in 32% of @entity0 , while 15% experienced significant @entity3 . The EuroQol 5D (EQ5D) quality of life summary measure was reduced and was associated with @entity8 and @entity4 . Eight @entity0 experienced new @entity8 after the start of ERT, though the presentation and evolution were often atypical. Nine @entity0 had been treated from childhood and had an excellent outcome. @entity8 was associated with age of presentation and with splenectomy-indeed, we observed a strong temporal association between splenectomy and incidence of @entity8 .The biomarkers @entity11 / @entity11 and chitotriosidase were associated with prevalent @entity8 , and, in particular, with @entity8 occurring despite treatment. This study documents significant residual skeletal pathology and disability in @entity0 in the mature phase of their treatment in a developed region. The temporal association between splenectomy and @entity8 implies causation. The relationship between clinical and biochemical markers and existing bone complications sets the scene for future prospective studies that will focus on management strategies informed by credible assessment of risk.

title: Osseous manifestations of XXXX in the era of enzyme replacement therapy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoretroviruses account for circa 8  % of all transposable elements found in the genome of @entity0 and other animals. They represent a genetic footprint of ancestral germ-cell infections of exoviruses that is transmittable to the progeny by Mendelian segregation. Traces of @entity0 endogenous retroviruses are physiologically expressed in ovarial, testicular and placental tissues as well as in stem cells. In addition, a number of these fossil viral elements have also been related to @entity3 . However, a relation between endoretroviruses expression and chemoresistance has not been reported yet. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 @entity0 samples were scrutinized for HERV-WE1 and HERV-FRD1 endoretroviruses using immunohistochemical approaches. In order to search for differential expression of these elements in chemotherapy refractory cells, a resistant HCT8 @entity4 subline was developed by serial @entity5 exposure. Endoretroviral elements were detected by immunocytochemical staining, qPCR and ELISA. IC50-values of antiviral and cytostatic drugs in HCT8 cells were determined by @entity2 proliferation assay. The antivirals-cytostatics interaction was evaluated by the isobologram method. RESULTS: In this work, we show for the first time that HERV-WE1, HERV-FRD1, HERV-31, and @entity6 are a) simultaneously expressed in treatment-na  ve @entity4 cells and b) upregulated after cytostatic exposure, suggesting that these retroviral elements are intimately related to chemotherapy resistance. We found a number of antiviral drugs to have cytotoxic activity and the ability to force the downregulation of HERV proteins in vitro. We also demonstrate that the use of different antiviral compounds alone or in combination with anticancer agents results in a synergistic antiproliferative effect and downregulation of different endoretroviral elements in highly chemotherapy-resistant @entity1 cells. CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced HERV-expression is associated with chemoresistance in @entity4 which can be overcome by antiviral drugs alone or in combination with anticancer drugs. Therefore, the introduction of antiviral compounds to the current chemotherapy regimens potentially improves @entity0 outcomes.

title: Therapeutic potential of antiviral drugs targeting chemorefractory XXXX cells overexpressing endogenous retroviral elements.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The problem of double capsules and @entity3 is a relatively new phenomenon in breast augmentation surgery. METHODS: The author's experience with double capsules in 14 @entity0 is outlined. The author reviewed all primary bilateral breast augmentations and primary bilateral mastopexy-augmentations after the moratorium in 1992. There were 209 @entity0 with saline implants, 160 @entity0 with @entity2 and CMH Microcell textured surface implants, 105 @entity0 with Biocell textured surface silicone gel breast implants, and 152 @entity0 with smooth round silicone gel breast implants. Complications and revisions were reviewed to see if any patterns emerged. RESULTS: Fourteen @entity0 were found to have double capsules. Double capsules were only seen with the Biocell textured surface implant. Three @entity0 developed @entity3 (more than a year after their original surgery), with two @entity0 requiring urgent drainage of an expanding seroma/ @entity1 . Seven @entity0 were found to have double capsules as an incidental finding for procedures, such as asymmetry and bottoming out, and five @entity0 were found to have double capsules when surgery was performed for capsular contracture. The review of complications and revisions showed that the silicone gel implants were far better than saline implants. Highly cohesive Microcell textured CMH and @entity2 implants had by far the best capsular contracture profile. Biocell texturing increased the capsular contracture rate. CONCLUSIONS: Double capsules and @entity3 are a relatively new problem in breast augmentation surgery. The problem was not seen in smooth saline or smooth silicone gel breast implants but only in aggressively textured implants.

title: Breast implant complication review: double capsules and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: 3 pituitary @entity1 in @entity3 and 3 GH and prolactin producing @entity0 were analysed. The @entity1 cells were prepared and held in suspension so that they could be treated with @entity2 (10 ng and 100 ng). At different times after treatment (0.5, 60 and 90 minutes), the cells were fixed and prepared for conventional electronmicroscopy. Electron microscopic photographs were quantitatively analysed by the point counting method. The results were compared to those of an untreated control group. After @entity2 influence, there was a decrease of the hormone secretion into the supernatant (2 of 3 prolactin producing @entity1 ). The prolactin secretion was unchanged in all 3 @entity1 which produced prolactin and GH, but there was a decrease in the GH production in 1 of these cases. Ultrastructural morphometry revealed the following results: In prolactin producing @entity1 , there was a decrease in the number of exocytoses, an increase in the volume density of lysosomes (2 cases) and an increase of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (1 case). The decrease of the "unorganized" cytoplasm was observed in all 3 cases, but was significant only in 1 case. There was a significant increase in secretory granules (1 case). In @entity1 which produced prolactin and GH displayed a significant increase of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and of the granules. The outlines of the cellular membranes seemed smoother (1 case). The heterogeneous results may be interpreted as an expression of the reduced hormone secretion (secretory granules, lysosomes), some data are in accordance with the beginning of @entity4 phenomena (rough endoplasmic reticulum). The decrease of the "unorganized" cytoplasm may be due to a shrinking process.

title: In-vitro effects of XXXX on isolated pituitary adenoma cells. Ultrastructural and morphometrical studies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is known as the most common @entity0 among individuals of European genetic background. It is possible to find 2 mutations closely placed in the @entity3 gene ( @entity2 and @entity4 ) and this proximity can cause errors when genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping assay. The aim of this study was to develop a hydrolysis probe-based PCR assay for detection of the @entity2 and @entity4 mutations without interference from on each other. Herein the study involved the standardization of an improvement of the real-time PCR 5' nuclease assay to detect the desired mutations close placed using a same probe system. The assay analytical properties performances were tested, including the primers selectivity and detection limits. Also, the interexaminer reproducibility and repeatability of assay were estimated in 30 blood samples. Others 153 results of samples were compared with reference method (PCR_RFLP) and the accordance of the results evaluated by Fleiss' k method. The results of variation of interexaminer reproducibility and repeatability of assay were not statistically relevant (P<0.001). The comparison between the 2 methods by Fleiss' k analysis showed that 5' nuclease assay identified the @entity2 and @entity4 haplotype as well as the reference method in all 153 tested samples. Our results showed that novel method probe-based real-time PCR were capable to detect 2 adjacent polymorphisms without errors in genotyping.

title: Novel Method Probe-based Real-Time PCR to Detect 2 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Close to Each Other: XXXX @entity1 Gene Model.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is known as the most common @entity0 among individuals of European genetic background. It is possible to find 2 mutations closely placed in the @entity3 gene ( @entity2 and @entity4 ) and this proximity can cause errors when genotyped by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genotyping assay. The aim of this study was to develop a hydrolysis probe-based PCR assay for detection of the @entity2 and @entity4 mutations without interference from on each other. Herein the study involved the standardization of an improvement of the real-time PCR 5' nuclease assay to detect the desired mutations close placed using a same probe system. The assay analytical properties performances were tested, including the primers selectivity and detection limits. Also, the interexaminer reproducibility and repeatability of assay were estimated in 30 blood samples. Others 153 results of samples were compared with reference method (PCR_RFLP) and the accordance of the results evaluated by Fleiss' k method. The results of variation of interexaminer reproducibility and repeatability of assay were not statistically relevant (P<0.001). The comparison between the 2 methods by Fleiss' k analysis showed that 5' nuclease assay identified the @entity2 and @entity4 haplotype as well as the reference method in all 153 tested samples. Our results showed that novel method probe-based real-time PCR were capable to detect 2 adjacent polymorphisms without errors in genotyping.

title: Novel Method Probe-based Real-Time PCR to Detect 2 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Close to Each Other: @entity3 XXXX Gene Model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 is a serious @entity1 affecting approximately 29 million @entity0 worldwide. The ideal treatment and care of @entity0 with @entity2 should be provided by a multidisciplinary 'team' involving psychiatrists, nurses and other healthcare professionals, together with carers and @entity0 . In light of the key role carers play in the care of @entity0 with @entity2 , the present survey was designed to assess the opinions of family members and friends of @entity0 with @entity2 across Europe and to ascertain their attitudes towards the illness, medication and adherence to medication. Among carers participating in this survey, there was widespread awareness of the issues involved in supporting @entity0 with @entity2 and the importance of their role in improving poor adherence to medication. Three differences in opinion emerged between the views of carers and psychiatrists; psychiatrists rely more on the @entity0 themselves when assessing adherence than carers would recommend; in contrast to psychiatrists, many carers believe the illness itself contributes to non-adherence; two thirds of carers think that @entity2 medication damages health (higher than estimated by psychiatrists). The findings from the present survey, taken together with the results from the Adherencia Terap  utica en la Esquizofrenia surveys of psychiatrists and nurses, support the need for a collaborative approach to the issue of treatment nonadherence. In particular, healthcare professionals should recognize the valuable contribution that family carers can make to improve treatment adherence and consequently clinical outcomes for @entity0 with @entity2 . @entity2 carries a significant burden for families providing care. The Adherencia Terap  utica en la Esquizofrenia (ADHES) carers' survey was designed to assess the opinions of family and friends of @entity0 with @entity2 across Europe and ascertain their attitudes towards the illness, medication and adherence to medication. A questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey of 138 carers across 16 European countries. Interpretation of results was based on a descriptive comparison of responses. Carers recognized the importance of medication to help @entity0 get better (76%) and improve their quality of life (76%) and relationships (74%). Sixty-seven per cent believed medication damages general health. Sixty-five per cent reported that treatment adherence was a burden for @entity0 . Thirty-eight per cent indicated that it was a daily struggle to get @entity0 to take their medication. Fifty per cent perceived that medication administered every few weeks rather than daily was quite/very important. Ninety-three per cent agreed on the importance of family support to boost adherence, with education and information deemed important for families and @entity0 . Carers rely less on the @entity0 themselves when assessing adherence than psychiatrists. The burden faced by carers and @entity0 in taking medication provides an opportunity for healthcare professionals to provide support in a multidisciplinary 'team' involving psychiatrists, nurses and carers.

title: XXXX through the carers' eyes: results of a European cross-sectional survey.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adherence to drugs that are prescribed after @entity1 remains suboptimal. Although eliminating @entity0 cost sharing for secondary prevention increases adherence and reduces rates of major cardiovascular events, the long-term clinical and economic implications of this approach have not been adequately evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: We developed a Markov model simulating a hypothetical cohort of commercially insured @entity0 who were discharged from the hospital after @entity1 . @entity0 received b-blockers, @entity2 -angiotensin system antagonists, and statins without cost sharing (full coverage) or at the current level of insurance coverage (usual coverage). Model inputs were extracted from the Post @entity1 Free Rx Event and Economic Evaluation trial and other published literature. The main outcome was an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio as measured by cost per quality-adjusted life year gained. @entity0 receiving usual coverage lived an average of 9.46 quality-adjusted life years after their event and incurred costs of  171,412. @entity0 receiving full coverage lived an average of 9.60 quality-adjusted life years and incurred costs of  167,401. Compared with usual coverage, full coverage would result in greater quality-adjusted survival (0.14 quality-adjusted life years) and less resource use ( 4011) per @entity0 . Our results were sensitive to alterations in the risk reduction for post- @entity1 events from full coverage. CONCLUSIONS: Providing full prescription drug coverage for evidence-based pharmacotherapy to commercially insured post- @entity1 @entity0 has the potential to improve health outcomes and save money from the societal perspective over the long-term. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00566774.

title: Long-term cost-effectiveness of providing full coverage for preventive medications after XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To analyse treatment measures provided in the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and to discuss the therapy given against treatment needs as expressed in the national clinical epidemiological studies. METHODS: In 2009, the Chief Dentists of the @entity1 units collected data from their local registers on @entity0 and treatment provided. Data were obtained from 166 @entity1 units (86%). Treatment patterns were compared between age groups, provider groups and geographical areas using chi-square tests. RESULTS: Altogether 8.9 million treatments were provided for 1.7 million @entity0 . Examinations, restorative treatment and anaesthesia accounted for 61.3% of all treatments. Preventive measures (8.4%) and periodontal treatment (6.3%) were small proportions of the total. Prosthetic treatment was uncommon (0.5%). Working age adults received half of all treatments (53.2%), the young a third (36.4%) and the elderly 10.4%. Dental hygienists or dental assistants provided 29.7% of all treatment for @entity0 and adolescents, 11.1% for adults and 14.1% for the elderly. CONCLUSION: Relatively healthy @entity0 had plenty of examinations and preventive measures, and adults had mostly restorative care when their needs were more periodontal and prosthetic care, indicating that treatment given was not fully in line with needs.

title: Treatment provided in the XXXX in Finland in 2009.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Reactions during the home treatment phase of oral immunotherapy (OIT) are not uncommon. An ongoing accurate reporting of home treatment outcomes is crucial for the safety and success of OIT. Previous reports have shown that as few as 20% of @entity0 are truly compliant with paper-based diaries. OBJECTIVE: To develop a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) for monitoring home treatment during OIT for @entity2 . METHODS: A @entity1 was developed and incorporated a thorough questionnaire querying for pertinent data including the dose(s) consumed, occurrence and details of adverse reactions, treatment(s), and relevant potential exacerbating factors. All @entity0 enrolled in milk, peanut, or egg OIT programs for at least 4 weeks from November 2012 through January 2014 were introduced to @entity1 (n  = 157). Successful reporting through @entity1 was defined by consecutive reporting during the first home treatment phase (24 days) after its introduction. Comparisons were made with a previous group of OIT-treated @entity0 (n  = 100) who reported by E-mail. RESULTS: Successful reporting was achieved by 142 of 157 @entity0 (90.44%) in contrast to a 75% success rate with E-mail (P  = .0009). The odds for successful reporting using @entity1 were 3.1 (95% confidence interval 1.6-6.3) times higher compared with using E-mail. Mild reactions were reported more frequently with @entity1 (P  = .0032). @entity0 reports were constantly available in real time for medical staff review. No complaints regarding @entity1 feasibility were reported. One risk factor for failure to use @entity1 was a @entity0 's prior successful OIT experience without using @entity1 (P  = .012). CONCLUSION: A @entity1 can be a powerful tool for improving OIT safety by achieving a high level of @entity0 cooperation in reporting home treatment results.

title: A Web site-based reporting system for monitoring home treatment during oral immunotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objective of this study was to compare the systemic inflammatory response and hemolytic characteristics of a conventional roller pump ( @entity7 -NP) and an alternative diagonal pump with nonpulsatile (DP3-NP) and pulsatile mode (DP3-P) in simulated neonatal extracorporeal life support (ECLS) systems. The experimental neonatal ECLS circuits consist of a conventional Jostra @entity7 roller pump or an alternative Medos DP3 diagonal pump, and Medos Hilite 800 LT hollow-fiber oxygenator with diffusion membrane. Eighteen sterile circuits were primed with freshly donated whole blood and divided into three groups: conventional @entity7 with nonpulsatile flow ( @entity7 -NP), DP3 with nonpulsatile flow (DP3-NP), and DP3 with pulsatile flow (DP3-P). All trials were conducted for durations of 12   h at a flow rate of 500   mL/min at 36  C. Simultaneous blood flow and pressure waveforms were recorded. Blood samples were collected to measure plasma-free hemoglobin (PFH), @entity0 @entity1 @entity2 factor-alpha, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity4 , in addition to the routine blood gas, @entity5 dehydrogenase, and lactic acid levels. @entity7 -NP group had the highest PFH levels (mean        standard error of the mean) after a 12-h ECLS run, but the difference among groups did not reach statistical significance ( @entity7 -NP group: 907.6        253.1   mg/L, DP3-NP group: 343.7        163.2   mg/L, and DP3-P group: 407.6        156.6   mg/L, P   =   0.06). Although there were similar trends but no statistical differences for the levels of proinflammatory cytokines among the three groups, the @entity7 -NP group had much greater levels than the other groups (P   >   0.05). Pulsatile flow generated higher total hemodynamic energy and surplus hemodynamic energy levels at pre-oxygenator and pre-clamp sites (P   <   0.01). Our study demonstrated that the alternative diagonal pump ECLS circuits appeared to have less systemic inflammatory response and @entity6 compared with the conventional roller pump ECLS circuit in simulated neonatal ECLS systems. Pulsatile flow delivered more hemodynamic energy to the pseudo- @entity0 without increased odds of @entity6 compared with the conventional, nonpulsatile roller pump group.

title: Laboratory Evaluation of XXXX and Systemic Inflammatory Response in Neonatal Nonpulsatile and Pulsatile Extracorporeal Life Support Systems.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the contribution of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) to the burden of @entity1 in a rural Tanzanian population. METHODS: We identified adult @entity0 with @entity1 (PWE) in a door-to-door study in an established demographic surveillance site. PWE and community controls were tested for antibodies to @entity4 , the causative agent of @entity3 , and all PWE were offered a computed tomography (CT) head scan. Data on household occupancy and sanitation, @entity2 -keeping and pork consumption were collected from PWE and controls and associations with @entity1 were assessed using chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: Six of 218 PWE had antibodies to @entity4 (2.8%; 95% CI 0.6-4.9), compared to none of 174 controls (Fisher's exact test, P  =  0.04). Lesions compatible with @entity3 were seen in eight of 200 CT scans (4.0%; 95% CI 1.3-6.7). A total of 176 PWE had both investigations of whom two had positive serology along with @entity3 -compatible lesions on CT (1.1%; 95% 0.3-4.0). No associations between @entity1 and any risk factors for @entity3 were identified. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 is present in this population but at a lower prevalence than elsewhere in Tanzania and sub-Saharan Africa. Insights from low-prevalence areas may inform public health interventions designed to reduce the burden of preventable @entity1 .

title: Cysticercosis and XXXX in rural Tanzania: a community-based case-control and imaging study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to analyse the treatment and management of @entity1 @entity0 presenting to our major @entity2 unit to determine the likelihood of @entity0 needing immediate nephrectomy. METHODS: The @entity2 Audit and Research Network (TARN) database was used to review @entity2 cases presenting to our department between February 2009 and September 2013. Demographic data, mechanism and severity of injury, grade of @entity1 , management and 30-day outcome were determined from TARN data, electronic @entity0 records and imaging. RESULTS: There were a total of 1,856 @entity2 cases, of which 36 @entity0 (1.9%) had a @entity1 . In this group, the median age was 28 years (range: 16-92 years), with 28 @entity0 (78%) having blunt @entity1 and 8 (22%) penetrating @entity1 . The most common cause for blunt @entity1 was road traffic accidents. @entity1 cases were stratified into American Association for the Surgery of @entity2 (AAST) grades (grade I: 19%, grade II: 22%, grade III: 28%, grade IV: 28%, grade V: 0%). All @entity0 with grade I and II injuries were treated conservatively. There were three @entity0 (1 with grade III and 2 with grade IV @entity1 ) who underwent radiological embolisation. One of these @entity0 went on to have a delayed nephrectomy owing to unsuccessful embolisation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 @entity0 rarely require emergency nephrectomy. Radiological selective embolisation provides a good interventional option in cases of active bleeding from @entity1 in haemodynamically stable @entity0 . This has implications for @entity2 care and how surgical cover is provided for the rare event of nephrectomy.

title: XXXX management in an urban @entity2 centre and implications for urological training.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to analyse the treatment and management of @entity1 @entity0 presenting to our major @entity2 unit to determine the likelihood of @entity0 needing immediate nephrectomy. METHODS: The @entity2 Audit and Research Network (TARN) database was used to review @entity2 cases presenting to our department between February 2009 and September 2013. Demographic data, mechanism and severity of injury, grade of @entity1 , management and 30-day outcome were determined from TARN data, electronic @entity0 records and imaging. RESULTS: There were a total of 1,856 @entity2 cases, of which 36 @entity0 (1.9%) had a @entity1 . In this group, the median age was 28 years (range: 16-92 years), with 28 @entity0 (78%) having blunt @entity1 and 8 (22%) penetrating @entity1 . The most common cause for blunt @entity1 was road traffic accidents. @entity1 cases were stratified into American Association for the Surgery of @entity2 (AAST) grades (grade I: 19%, grade II: 22%, grade III: 28%, grade IV: 28%, grade V: 0%). All @entity0 with grade I and II injuries were treated conservatively. There were three @entity0 (1 with grade III and 2 with grade IV @entity1 ) who underwent radiological embolisation. One of these @entity0 went on to have a delayed nephrectomy owing to unsuccessful embolisation. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 @entity0 rarely require emergency nephrectomy. Radiological selective embolisation provides a good interventional option in cases of active bleeding from @entity1 in haemodynamically stable @entity0 . This has implications for @entity2 care and how surgical cover is provided for the rare event of nephrectomy.

title: @entity1 management in an urban XXXX centre and implications for urological training.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Selective conservatism for @entity1 is well established but the emergence of new technologies may cause management strategies to continue to evolve. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on @entity1 @entity0 managed in a single institution in South Africa over a 4-year period to determine the appropriateness of our current policy of selective conservatism. RESULTS: A total of 1,239 @entity0 were included in the study; 112 required an emergency thoracotomy, 125 were admitted for observation and 1,002 required a @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Ninety-one per cent of the @entity0 were male and the median age was 24 years. Seventy-five per cent of the cases were penetrating @entity1 and the remaining were @entity1 . The indications for @entity2 were pneumothorax (PTX) (n=382, 38%), haemothorax (HTX) (n=300, 30%) and haemopneumothorax (HPTX) (n=320, 32%). A total of 13% (127/1,002) of all chest x-rays (CXR) following tube removal demonstrated residual pathologies that precluded immediate discharge: 32 (8%) in Group A (PTX), 44 (15%) in Group B (HTX) and 51 (16%) in Group C (HPTX). All 32 @entity0 in Group A were simply observed and did not require further intervention. In Group B, 17 @entity0 required repeat TTs and 27 required video assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for clearance of residual HTX. Twenty-nine @entity0 in Group C required repeat TTs and twenty-two required VATS. CONCLUSIONS: The vast majority of @entity0 with @entity1 can be managed conservatively with @entity2 alone. Residual pathology appeared to be lowest in @entity0 with a PTX, which seldom requires treatment, while only a minority of @entity0 required repeat TTs or VATS for a retained HTX. Selective conservatism is still appropriate in the current era in a developing world setting.

title: Selective conservatism in the management of XXXX remains appropriate in the 21st century.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genetic variation in the gene encoding @entity3 gene ( @entity3 ) has been identified to be associated with @entity1 in genome-wide association studies, while little is known regarding their association in Asian populations. In this study, we aimed to examine whether @entity3 may confer susceptibility to @entity2 in Han Chinese. We measured the mRNA expression level of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 and controls. Two functional variants ( @entity4 and @entity5 ) in @entity3 were genotyped among 1508 individuals with or without @entity2 . We then performed a meta-analysis based on present literature. Our results showed that @entity3 mRNA level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly higher in @entity2 @entity0 than that in controls (P   =   0.01). The @entity4 showed significant allelic association with @entity2 (P   =   0.034). The frequency of T allele of @entity4 was higher in @entity0 than that in controls (odds ratio   =   1.19, 95  % confidence interval 1.03-1.37). After pooling all data, meta-analysis indicated a significant association of @entity4 with @entity2 (P   =   0.0003). Furthermore, we performed an eQTL analysis and observed significant associations between @entity4 and @entity3 expression level in hippocampus (P   =   0.032) and occipital cortex (P   =   0.036). After stratified by diagnosis, the association of @entity4 with @entity2 was only survived in @entity2 -I (genotypic P   =   0.04, allelic P   =   0.014), but not in @entity2 -II. Our findings provided supportive evidence for the involvement of @entity3 @entity4 in @entity2 , especially in @entity2 -I.

title: @entity3 Genetic Variation Confers Risk to XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Genetic variation in the gene encoding @entity3 gene ( @entity3 ) has been identified to be associated with @entity1 in genome-wide association studies, while little is known regarding their association in Asian populations. In this study, we aimed to examine whether @entity3 may confer susceptibility to @entity2 in Han Chinese. We measured the mRNA expression level of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 and controls. Two functional variants ( @entity4 and @entity5 ) in @entity3 were genotyped among 1508 individuals with or without @entity2 . We then performed a meta-analysis based on present literature. Our results showed that @entity3 mRNA level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was significantly higher in @entity2 @entity0 than that in controls (P   =   0.01). The @entity4 showed significant allelic association with @entity2 (P   =   0.034). The frequency of T allele of @entity4 was higher in @entity0 than that in controls (odds ratio   =   1.19, 95  % confidence interval 1.03-1.37). After pooling all data, meta-analysis indicated a significant association of @entity4 with @entity2 (P   =   0.0003). Furthermore, we performed an eQTL analysis and observed significant associations between @entity4 and @entity3 expression level in hippocampus (P   =   0.032) and occipital cortex (P   =   0.036). After stratified by diagnosis, the association of @entity4 with @entity2 was only survived in @entity2 -I (genotypic P   =   0.04, allelic P   =   0.014), but not in @entity2 -II. Our findings provided supportive evidence for the involvement of @entity3 @entity4 in @entity2 , especially in @entity2 -I.

title: XXXX Genetic Variation Confers Risk to @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Boosting the dose to the largest (dominant) lesion in radiotherapy of @entity2 may improve treatment outcome. The success of this approach relies on the detection and delineation of @entity1 . The agreement among teams of radiation oncologists and radiologists delineating lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) was assessed by measuring the distances between observer contours. The accuracy of detection and delineation was determined using whole-mount histopathology specimens as reference. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Six observer teams delineated @entity1 on mp-MRI of 20 @entity2 @entity0 who underwent a prostatectomy. To assess the inter-observer agreement, the inter-observer standard deviation (SD) of the contours was calculated for @entity1 sites which were identified by all teams. RESULTS: Eighteen of 89 lesions were identified by all teams, all were dominant lesions. The median histological volume of these was 2.4cm(3). The median inter-observer SD of the delineations was 0.23cm. Sixty-six of 69 satellites were missed by all teams. CONCLUSION: Since all teams identify most dominant lesions, dose escalation to the dominant lesion is feasible. Sufficient dose to the whole prostate may need to be maintained to prevent under treatment of smaller lesions and undetected parts of larger lesions.

title: XXXX delineation using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging: Inter-observer variability and pathology validation.

answer: @entity2