abstract: BACKGROUND: The aims of this study were to develop immunologic reagents and a sensitive and specific immunoassay for @entity0 @entity6 ( @entity4 ) and to examine the presence of @entity4 in @entity0 tissues and biological fluids. METHODS: Recombinant @entity4 protein was produced and purified with use of a @entity5 @entity2 expression system. The protein was used as an immunogen to generate mouse monoclonal and rabbit polyclonal anti- @entity4 antibodies. A sandwich-type immunoassay was developed with these antibodies. The assay was used to measure @entity4 in various biological fluids and tissue extracts. Immunohistochemical analysis was also performed on nondiseased and cancerous prostatic sections. RESULTS: The @entity4 immunoassay had a detection limit of 0.05 micro g/L and showed no cross-reactivity with homologous kallikreins. The assay was linear at 0-20 micro g/L, and within-and between-run CVs were <10% (n = 12). @entity4 was detected in tissues, including esophagus, tonsil, @entity3 , lung, cervix, and prostate. @entity4 was also found in seminal plasma, amniotic fluid, follicular fluid, ascites of @entity1 @entity0 , breast milk, and cytosolic extracts of @entity1 tissues. @entity4 was immunohistochemically localized in epithelial cells of both nondiseased and cancerous prostate. @entity4 appears to be overexpressed in 50% of @entity1 tissues compared with healthy ovarian tissues. Recovery of active enzyme added to milk or amniotic fluid was 70-98%, but was <20% when added to serum, suggesting rapid sequestration by protease inhibitors. In fluids and tissue extracts, @entity4 was found in its free (approximately 30 kDa) form. CONCLUSIONS: This immunofluorometric assay for @entity4 may be used to examine the value of @entity4 as a disease biomarker and to further explore the physiologic and pathobiologic role of this enzyme in @entity0 disease.

title: XXXX @entity6 : production and purification of recombinant protein and monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies, and development of a sensitive and specific immunofluorometric assay.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The currently used standards for @entity0 @entity2 ) contain substantial amounts of contaminating variants of @entity2 and other impurities. Furthermore, some partially degraded forms of @entity2 and its subunits have become of potential clinical importance, e.g., "nicked" forms of @entity2 ( @entity7 ) and @entity6 (hCGbetan), which contain cuts in the peptide backbone between @entity4 44-45 or 47-48 in @entity6 , and a fragment of @entity6 (hCGbetacf) consisting of @entity4 6-40 and 55-92 bound together by @entity3 bridges. The IFCC appointed a working group with the aim of preparing new standards for @entity2 and related substances to improve standardization of their immunoassays. METHODS: Large amounts of @entity2 and its subunits as well as of @entity7 , hCGbetan, and hCGbetacf were prepared by previously developed purification methods in combination with hydrophobic interaction chromatography and reversed-phase HPLC. Each preparation was characterized on the basis of @entity1 and sequence analyses, @entity5 composition, and electrophoretic patterns. Immunoassays for relevant contaminating proteins were also performed. RESULTS: The major preparations were homogeneous and free of contaminating proteins. Concentrations of the final preparations were determined by @entity1 analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Calibrated in substance concentrations (mol/L) based on @entity1 analyses, these preparations will facilitate improved standardization of immunoassays for @entity2 and its metabolites. The six preparations have now been established by the WHO as new 1st Reference Reagents for immunoassays with the following codes: @entity2 99/688, @entity6 99/650, hCGalpha 99/720, @entity7 99/642, hCGbetan 99/692, and hCGbetacf 99/708. In contrast to the 3rd International Standard (75/537), the clinically most important Reference Reagent for @entity2 (99/688) contains no @entity7 and negligible amounts of free subunits.

title: Preparation and characterization of new WHO reference reagents for XXXX chorionic gonadotropin and metabolites.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To study the effect of extra-corporeal shock wave (ESW) on the penile hemodynamics and histopathology in @entity0 . METHODS: Adult male @entity0 were divided at random into 3 groups. ESW application was performed with a @entity5 Lithostar with the @entity0 under anesthesia lying prone on the balloon probe. @entity0 in Group I received a total of 1000 shocks at 18 kV and immediately underwent hemodynamic evaluation performed by direct electrostimulation of the cavernous nerve and measurement of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity0 in Group II received 3 times 1000 shocks at 18 kV at weekly intervals and hemodynamic evaluation was performed 1 month after the last ESW application. Group III served as the control. Histopathological examinations of penile tissues were done on Masson's trichrome and @entity3 and @entity4 stained sections. RESULTS: Penile hemodynamic evaluation showed a trend toward a diminished mean maximal @entity2 , duration of erection, @entity2 during the plateau phase and maximal @entity2 / blood pressure ratio in Group I, although there was no significant significance. The mean latency period in Groups I and II was prolonged. Petechial bleeding within tunical layers and small foci of @entity1 within the corpora cavernosa were observed in Group I. However, histopathological examination failed to reveal any significant differences between the groups in terms of smooth muscle content, tunical thickness, organization of collagen bundles and elastic fiber-lattice framework. CONCLUSION: ESW has certain damaging effects on the penis.

title: Effects of extra-corporeal shock waves on penile hemodynamics and histopathology in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 is a newly discovered photopigment that is believed to be involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms in tetrapods. Here we describe the characterization of the first two teleost melanopsins ( @entity5 and @entity5 ) isolated from @entity2 ( @entity2 ). These two teleost genes belong to a subgroup of melanopsins that also include members from @entity0 , @entity1 , and Takifugu. In situ hybridization revealed that @entity5 and @entity5 are differentially expressed within the retina and brain. In the larval and adult retina, both melanopsins are expressed in a subset of cells in the inner retina, resembling amacrine and ganglion cells. In addition, @entity5 is expressed in the horizontal cells, indicating a separate task for this gene. In the brain, the two melanopsins are separately expressed in two major retinal and extraretinal photosensitive integration centers, namely, the suprachiasmatic nucleus ( @entity5 ) and the habenula ( @entity5 ). The expression of @entity5 in the suprachiasmatic nucleus in cod is similar to the @entity4 expression found in @entity0 . This suggests a conserved role for this @entity3 and an involvement in mediation of nonvisual photoreceptive tasks, such as entraining circadian rhythms and/or hypophysiotrophic systems. The differential expression of @entity5 in the habenula suggests that this gene plays a role similar to that of @entity5 , in that it is also situated in an area that integrates photic inputs from the pineal as well as other brain regions. Thus, the habenula may be an additional region that mediates photic cues in teleosts.

title: Isolation and characterization of two teleost XXXX genes and their differential expression within the inner retina and brain.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of the knee and early functional limitations in a cohort of high-functioning older @entity0 , and evaluate the contributions of muscle strength, body weight, and @entity1 severity to these limitations. Methods. Cross sectional analyses were conducted on baseline data of the @entity0 's Health and Aging Study II (WHAS II), an observational study of disability transitions in a cohort of @entity0 aged 70-79 upon entry and who were representative of the one-third highest-functioning community-resident @entity0 . Standardized questionnaires and examinations were used to assess knee @entity2 features, medication use, @entity1 severity, knee extensor muscle strength, and body weight. Functional limitation was assessed using validated performance measures and self-report measures of task modification and task difficulty. RESULTS: Sixty-nine @entity0 classified as "symptomatic" for knee @entity2 , 48 with "asymptomatic/intermittently symptomatic," knee @entity2 , and 285 with "no knee @entity2 " were included in the final analysis. Despite selection for their high level of self-reported function, performance was slower and task modification was more frequently reported among @entity0 with knee @entity2 than @entity0 without knee @entity2 . Lower knee extensor strength, higher body weight, and greater @entity1 severity were associated with knee @entity2 , and also with functional limitations. Conclusion. Knee @entity2 appeared to be associated with early functional limitations in this cohort of high-functioning, older, community-resident @entity0 . Lower knee extensor strength, higher body weight, and @entity1 severity were closely associated with these limitations. The extent to which modification of these factors attenuates knee @entity2 associated functional decline should be investigated.

title: Knee osteoarthritis compromises early mobility function: The XXXX 's Health and Aging Study II.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is any difference in regional cerebral blood flow ( @entity11 ) and serum cytokine levels and association between clinical parameters and @entity11 and serum cytokine levels in young females with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The other aim was to search whether the @entity3 state has any effect on these two parameters. METHODS: Nineteen @entity0 with @entity2 and 20 healthy @entity0 had 99mTc-HMPAO brain single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT) to evaluate @entity11 . Serum interleukin (IL) levels ( @entity7 , @entity9 , @entity4 and @entity5 ) were measured. Clinical and psychological evaluation was also carried out in @entity2 @entity0 and healthy controls. RESULTS: The @entity0 with @entity2 had significantly higher radioactivity uptake ratio in right and left caudate nucleus (p = 0.009, p = 0.001, respectively) than healthy controls. There was statistically significant decrease in the @entity10 uptake in the right superior parietal (p = 0.041), gyrus rectalis (p = 0.036) and pons (p = 0.023). @entity2 @entity0 had significantly higher serum @entity9 and @entity5 levels (p = 0.023, p = 0.011, respectively) than controls. Additionally, @entity2 @entity0 had significantly higher @entity2 Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) scores (p = 0.000) than controls. Interestingly, the @entity0 with mild @entity3 or without (i.e. @entity3 -score < or = 16) had significantly higher serum @entity5 levels (p = 0.027) and increased radioactivity uptake ratio in the pons (P = 0.036) than the @entity0 with more severe @entity3 (i.e. @entity3 -score > 16). With regard to regional cerebral blood flow, significant correlations were detected between RSP and morning @entity8 (r = 0.70, p < 0.01) and @entity1 (r = -0.53, p < 0.05), and between gyrus rectalis and FIQ score. There were significant correlations between LCN and @entity6 (P = 0.025), between RSP and morning @entity8 (P = 0.006), @entity1 (P = 0.021) according to multiple regression analysis test. CONCLUSION: This study shows a significant increase in @entity11 of caudate nuclei, a reduction in the pons, some cortical regions activity and a increase in @entity5 , @entity9 levels of young female @entity0 with @entity2 . These findings are more prominent in @entity0 with low @entity3 scores.

title: Regional cerebral blood flow and cytokines in young females with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the course of disease activity and determine predictors of remission and relapse in a population based cohort of @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of 56 @entity0 (median age 50 yrs) followed for 42.5 months. Disease activity was assessed by Birmingham @entity5 Activity Score (BVAS-1) and permanent organ damage by @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Induction therapy consisted of @entity3 ( @entity7 ) 0.5-1 mg/kg and @entity4 (CYC) daily orally 2 mg/kg (19 @entity0 ) or intravenous pulses 15 mg/kg every 2nd week (32 @entity0 ). Baseline clinical and laboratory features and cumulative treatment during the first 6 months were recorded. Multiple Cox and logistic regression analyses were used to find risk factors for remission and relapse. RESULTS: All @entity0 surviving > 1 month achieved either complete (85%) or partial remission (15%). Higher baseline BVAS-1 increased the likelihood of achieving complete remission [BVAS-1 > 23, relative hazard (RH) 2.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.48-5.85]. Relapse occurred in 31 @entity0 (60%) after a median period of 18 months. The risk of relapse was increased in @entity0 having received < 10 g CYC during the first 6 months (RH 2.83, 95% CI 1.33-6.02), in @entity0 having received @entity7 > 20 mg/day for < 2.75 months (RH 2.41, 95% CI 1.12-5.21), and in @entity0 with initial heart involvement (RH 2.87, 95% CI 1.09-7.58). A higher @entity7 dose during the first 6 months was associated with severe @entity2 . Therapy resistance (no complete remission) was associated with baseline organ damage ( @entity1 increase by 1, OR 1.53, 95% CI 1.03-2.27). CONCLUSION: Initial high disease activity increased and the presence of baseline organ damage reduced the likelihood for complete remission in @entity6 . Relapse was associated with less intensive initial treatment in terms of lower CYC doses and shorter time taking @entity7 > 20 mg/day.

title: Baseline features and initial treatment as predictors of remission and relapse in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical phenotypes of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in Chinese population. METHODS: Data of 34 @entity2 families diagnosed according to Armsterdam II Criteria and Japan Criteria, including age of diagnosis, site of @entity1 , history of synchronous and/or metachronous @entity2 , histopathology of @entity1 , clinical manifestations, and genealogy were collected and analyzed. RESULTS: Out of the 612 members aged over 18 of these 34 families 140 @entity0 were diagnosed as @entity2 @entity0 with 154 @entity1 foci, 93 males and 47 females. The median age of confirmed diagnosis of @entity2 was 45.3 years. 62.1% of them developed the @entity1 before the age of 50 and 87.1% of them developed the @entity1 before the age of 60. Out of the 154 primary @entity1 foci, 31 were extracolonic (20.1%), including @entity1 , with @entity3 accounting for 41.9% (13/31), and 123 were @entity7 (79.9%). Out of the 116 cases of @entity2 , there were 77 cases of proximal @entity7 (66.4%) and 39 cases of distal @entity7 (33.7%). There were 11 cases of @entity1 (7.86%). The main clinical manifestations included @entity4 , @entity5 , abdominal mass, and @entity6 . CONCLUSION: In comparison with the facts among Westerners, @entity2 occurred earlier; the proportions of proximal @entity7 , @entity1 , and @entity1 are larger; and @entity3 accounts for a greater percentage among Chinese.

title: [Clinical phenotypes of XXXX in Chinese population].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish @entity6 ( @entity6 ) cell lines from @entity0 fertilized ovum in China. METHODS: Fourteen @entity0 oocytes obtained from a volunteer were cultured in Earlg's medium and fertilized in vitro. Four of the morulae formed from the fertilized ovi were frozen and five continued to develop into blastocysts. The pellucid zones of the 5 blastocysts were removed and their inner cell masses (ICM) were taken out and inoculated onto the feeder layer of @entity1 embryonic fibroblasts inactivated with @entity4 . The cell clones formed from the three surviving ICM were selected and dispersed mechanically and the cells were inoculated onto new feeder layers to produce more cell clones. When multiple clones were produced, they were dissociated with dispase into smaller cell masses which were inoculated onto new feeder layer again for subculturing. During different periods of cell culture, alkaline phosphatase activity (AKP) staining, stem cell surface marker test, and karyotyping were conducted. The suspension of stem cells subcultured for 5 months were inoculated to the legs of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity1 subcutaneously to observe the @entity2 formation. RESULTS: Out of the 9 fertilized oocytes, 5 developed into blastocysts. The ICM of three from the five blastocysts survived and developed into embronic stem cell lines, named @entity8 , @entity5 , and CHE3 respectively. These stem cells remained undifferentiated after subculturing for 7 months. The stem cell line CHE3 had been grown for 40 passages in vitro, @entity8 for 36 passages, and @entity5 for 32 passages. AKP staining was positive at the passages 5, 15, and 30 for the 3 cell lines. The surface markers of @entity0 stem cell, SSEA-4, SSEA-3, TRA-1-60, and GCTM-2 were positive at passage 25, 30, 40 for CHE3, and at the passages 21, 22 and 30 for @entity8 and @entity5 . But all cell lines did not express @entity7 , a marker for @entity1 @entity6 cells. All cell lines stably retained a normal karyotype. After routine passage by 5 months, @entity0 @entity6 cells from 3 cell lines were injected subcutaneously into @entity3 @entity1 . Six weeks after inoculation of the 3 cell lines teratomas were formed in all @entity1 . Histological examination revealed that they contained various tissues derived from all three embryonic germ layers. CONCLUSION: @entity0 @entity6 cell lines were successfully established in China.

title: [ @entity0 XXXX cell lines preliminarily established in China].

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish @entity6 ( @entity6 ) cell lines from @entity0 fertilized ovum in China. METHODS: Fourteen @entity0 oocytes obtained from a volunteer were cultured in Earlg's medium and fertilized in vitro. Four of the morulae formed from the fertilized ovi were frozen and five continued to develop into blastocysts. The pellucid zones of the 5 blastocysts were removed and their inner cell masses (ICM) were taken out and inoculated onto the feeder layer of @entity1 embryonic fibroblasts inactivated with @entity4 . The cell clones formed from the three surviving ICM were selected and dispersed mechanically and the cells were inoculated onto new feeder layers to produce more cell clones. When multiple clones were produced, they were dissociated with dispase into smaller cell masses which were inoculated onto new feeder layer again for subculturing. During different periods of cell culture, alkaline phosphatase activity (AKP) staining, stem cell surface marker test, and karyotyping were conducted. The suspension of stem cells subcultured for 5 months were inoculated to the legs of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity1 subcutaneously to observe the @entity2 formation. RESULTS: Out of the 9 fertilized oocytes, 5 developed into blastocysts. The ICM of three from the five blastocysts survived and developed into embronic stem cell lines, named @entity8 , @entity5 , and CHE3 respectively. These stem cells remained undifferentiated after subculturing for 7 months. The stem cell line CHE3 had been grown for 40 passages in vitro, @entity8 for 36 passages, and @entity5 for 32 passages. AKP staining was positive at the passages 5, 15, and 30 for the 3 cell lines. The surface markers of @entity0 stem cell, SSEA-4, SSEA-3, TRA-1-60, and GCTM-2 were positive at passage 25, 30, 40 for CHE3, and at the passages 21, 22 and 30 for @entity8 and @entity5 . But all cell lines did not express @entity7 , a marker for @entity1 @entity6 cells. All cell lines stably retained a normal karyotype. After routine passage by 5 months, @entity0 @entity6 cells from 3 cell lines were injected subcutaneously into @entity3 @entity1 . Six weeks after inoculation of the 3 cell lines teratomas were formed in all @entity1 . Histological examination revealed that they contained various tissues derived from all three embryonic germ layers. CONCLUSION: @entity0 @entity6 cell lines were successfully established in China.

title: [ XXXX @entity6 cell lines preliminarily established in China].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the clinical and radiologic results of @entity0 treated by the minimally invasive technique and plate fixation in accordance with biological fixation principles for @entity5 . METHODS: Biological fixation principles were used in the treatment of 24 @entity0 (18 males, 6 females; mean age 32 years; range 18 to 56 years) with @entity5 . @entity2 were reduced by indirect reduction and the plate was forwarded through distal and proximal incisions over the periosteum without the need for incisions on the @entity2 line. Fixation of the plates was performed with the use of screws from distal and proximal incisions. The @entity0 were allowed partial and full weight-bearing in a mean of 3.6 and 5 months, respectively. By means of monthly clinical and radiologic examinations, union was assessed by callus formation in the @entity2 line and painless weight-bearing. In addition, @entity6 , @entity4 , and knee and hip range of motions were determined. The mean follow-up was 2 years and 7 months (range 16 months to 4 years and 5 months). RESULTS: The mean union time was 4.6 months (range 4 to 11 months). Except for one @entity0 (4%) with delayed union, all @entity0 achieved union. No @entity3 occurred related to the @entity2 site. CONCLUSION: Successful clinical and radiologic results can be obtained by biological methods of fixation in diaphyseal femur @entity2 with multiple fragments, segment formation, in multi- @entity1 @entity0 with high Injury Severity Score and compromised pulmonary function, and in those having subtrochanteric or supracondylar @entity2 associated with high complication rates.

title: [The results of plate fixation with the use of biological fixation principles and minimally invasive technique in femur XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the treatment results of @entity0 with scaphoid @entity2 , who were treated by autogenous cancellous bone grafting followed by fixation with Herbert screws or Kirschner wires. METHODS: The study included 19 @entity0 (mean age 28 years, range 20 to 41 years) who were treated for scaphoid @entity2 and had a minimum follow-up of 12 months. Treatment was comprised of autogenous cancellous bone grafting and fixation with Herbert screws (n=10) or Kirschner wires (n=9). Fifteen right and four left hands were affected. The mean duration between the traumatic event and surgery was 20 months (range 3 to 72 months). @entity1 were localized in the proximal pole (n=4, 21%), waist (n=13, 68%), and in the distal pole (n=2, 11%). The mean follow-up was 16 months for Herbert screws, and 21 months for Kirschner wires. RESULTS: None of the @entity0 exhibited a loss in range of motion of 10 degrees or more. The mean time to union was six months (range 3 to 20 months) with Herbert screws and eight months (range 4 to 22 months) with Kirschner wires. All @entity0 had union with Kirschner wires, whereas non-union occurred in three @entity0 with Herbert screws, two of whom had had proximal pole fractures. Radiologic outcome was significantly different between the two groups (p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Because of good vascularity and union potential, scaphoid @entity2 can be successfully treated by an appropriate surgical technique using autogenous cancellous grafting independent of fixation materials.

title: [Comparison between fixation with Herbert screws and Kirschner wires in the treatment of scaphoid XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: A prospective, single-blind study was planned to investigate the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis, treatment, and staging of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: The study group was comprised of 43 hands of 25 @entity0 (21 @entity0 , 4 @entity0 ; mean age 56 years) with a clinical diagnosis of @entity1 . Fifteen @entity0 (12 @entity0 , 3 @entity0 ; mean age 51 years) with @entity2 on the dorsal side of the wrist constituted the control group. Comparisons were made between MRI findings, clinical findings, electrodiagnostic test results, and intraoperative findings. RESULTS: Electrodiagnostic test results were positive in 36 (84%) and negative in seven hands (16%). Magnetic resonance imaging revealed positive findings for @entity1 in all @entity0 . A significant difference was found between the study and control groups in the @entity1 at the level of the hook of the hamate (p<0.005). In addition, MRI showed space occupying lesions within the carpal tunnel in three @entity0 , and a bilateral anomaly of the median nerve in one @entity0 . CONCLUSION: It was found that MRI offered objective findings for the diagnosis, treatment, and staging of @entity1 , which were in good correlation with clinical findings, electrodiagnostic test results, and intraoperative observations. Moreover, it was helpful in the diagnosis when there had been discrepancy between clinical findings and electrodiagnostic test results.

title: [The role of magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX . Correlation of clinical, electrodiagnostic, and intraoperative findings and staging].

answer: @entity1


abstract: That @entity2 plays a role in the regulation of mood has been postulated since extracts of animal ovarian tissue were administered to oophorectomized @entity0 at the end of the last century to @entity4 thought to be related to the removal of the ovaries. The occurrence of @entity3 in the perimenopause is associated with a variety of factors. A previous history of either @entity3 and/or @entity6 as well as cognitive factors explain most of the variance. There are no consistent findings of a correlation between any serum hormone level and severity or presence of mood symptoms. Neurobiological studies show, with regard to an antidepressant effect, promising effects of @entity1 on serotonergic, noradrenergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic and GABAergic functions. Progestogens seem to oppose some of these effects. The role of adrenergic hormones and @entity5 (S) is less clear. Most clinical trials showed a modest effect on symptoms of @entity3 . However, the predominantly poor methodological quality does not allow generalisation and recommendations. A "tonic" effect on well-being in non- or mild @entity3 @entity0 should not be regarded as true antidepressant effect. Results yielded in studies of surgically menopausal @entity0 may not be applicable to @entity0 with natural menopause. There is a great potential for exploring various types, doses, and routes of administration of both antidepressants and sex hormones. With regard to the domino theory, future studies should also focus on the mediation of treatment effects through alleviation of vasomotor symptoms or sleep quality.

title: Critical appraisal of effects of @entity2 replacement therapy on symptoms of XXXX mood.

answer: @entity3


abstract: That @entity2 plays a role in the regulation of mood has been postulated since extracts of animal ovarian tissue were administered to oophorectomized @entity0 at the end of the last century to @entity4 thought to be related to the removal of the ovaries. The occurrence of @entity3 in the perimenopause is associated with a variety of factors. A previous history of either @entity3 and/or @entity6 as well as cognitive factors explain most of the variance. There are no consistent findings of a correlation between any serum hormone level and severity or presence of mood symptoms. Neurobiological studies show, with regard to an antidepressant effect, promising effects of @entity1 on serotonergic, noradrenergic, cholinergic, dopaminergic and GABAergic functions. Progestogens seem to oppose some of these effects. The role of adrenergic hormones and @entity5 (S) is less clear. Most clinical trials showed a modest effect on symptoms of @entity3 . However, the predominantly poor methodological quality does not allow generalisation and recommendations. A "tonic" effect on well-being in non- or mild @entity3 @entity0 should not be regarded as true antidepressant effect. Results yielded in studies of surgically menopausal @entity0 may not be applicable to @entity0 with natural menopause. There is a great potential for exploring various types, doses, and routes of administration of both antidepressants and sex hormones. With regard to the domino theory, future studies should also focus on the mediation of treatment effects through alleviation of vasomotor symptoms or sleep quality.

title: Critical appraisal of effects of XXXX replacement therapy on symptoms of @entity3 mood.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 @entity0 have increased prevalence of @entity10 ( @entity10 ). It is not clearly shown whether the prognostic factors are identical in relation to the @entity3 of @entity1 . This study was done to compare the associations of @entity10 with risk factors and with micro- and macrovascular complications of inpatients with @entity3 1 and @entity3 2 @entity1 . METHODS: In a retrospective cross-sectional study 1087 @entity0 with @entity3 1 @entity1 and 1060 @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 were examined. @entity10 was diagnosed when ankle-brachial-pressure-index (ABI) was < 1.0. In cases with incompressible @entity6 (mediasclerosis) pulse wave forms were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the impact of different variables on @entity10 risk, after adjusting for different variables separately. RESULTS: In both types of @entity1 ( @entity3 1 vs. @entity3 2) @entity10 risk (odds ratio; OR) was increased in the presence of @entity5 (OR 9.3 vs. 3.5), @entity9 (OR 3.0 vs. 2.8), @entity2 (OR 7.9 vs. 1.8), foot ulceration (OR 8.9 vs. 5.5), increased daily insulin requirement > 0.6 mu/kg b.w. (OR 5.2 vs. 2.9), @entity1 duration of 20-29 years (OR 28.9) and > 30 years (OR 51.1) in @entity3 1 @entity1 , and @entity1 duration of 10-19 years (OR 3.8) and > 20 years (OR 4.3) in @entity3 2 @entity1 . In @entity3 2 @entity1 , @entity10 risk was associated with microalbuminuria (OR 2.1), macroalbuminuria (OR 3.3), background @entity7 (OR 1.9), @entity7 (OR 2.8), increased @entity8 (TG) (OR 1.7) and decreased HDL- @entity4 (HDL-C > 0.90 mmol/l: OR 0.49). CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 risk factors and micro- and macrovascular comorbidity are very similar in @entity3 1 and @entity3 2 @entity1 .

title: XXXX in diabetes mellitus type 1 and type 2: are there different risk factors?

answer: @entity10


abstract: The anabolic effects and bioavailability of insulin-like growth factors I and II ( @entity2 , @entity4 ) are regulated in part by a family of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs). There are six known members of the IGFBP family, which share distinct structural characteristics and functional activities. To study the binding properties of these proteins, we have expressed recombinant @entity3 and @entity5 using the LCR/ @entity6 expression system. Using this system, we found that recombinant @entity3 was secreted by @entity6 cells and had a glycosylation pattern similar to that of native @entity3 . Recombinant @entity5 secreted from @entity6 cells had a molecular size identical to that of non-glycosylated native @entity5 . The binding kinetics of recombinant IGFBPs was measured using a solid-phase ligand-binding assay, an in vitro solution-binding assay, and a cellular proliferation assay. @entity2 bound with high affinity to recombinant @entity3 and @entity5 with K(D)s of <0.25 nmol. As reported for native IGFBPs, @entity4 bound with affinity higher than @entity2 to recombinant @entity3 and @entity5 (K(D) of <0.05 nmol). Recombinant @entity3 and @entity5 were found to inhibit the IGF-induced proliferation of an NIH3T3 cell line engineered to overexpress the @entity1 . We have compared the binding kinetics of @entity6 cell-expressed IGFBPs with that of recombinant protein expressed in @entity0 and found them to be equivalent. Here, we show that the LCR/ @entity6 expression system represents an effective route for expression of biologically active IGFBPs.

title: Expression and purification of biologically active IGF-binding proteins using the LCR/ XXXX expression system.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the results of surgical treatment for @entity5 and the factors that play a role in these results. METHODS: The study included 31 @entity0 (20 @entity0 , 11 @entity0 , mean age 38.2 years) who underwent surgical treatment for @entity5 and had an adequate follow-up. According to the Lauge-Hansen classification, the mechanism of occurrence was supination-external rotation in 13 (42%), pronation-external rotation in two (26%), pronation-abduction in four (13%), and supination-abduction in four @entity0 (13%). In two @entity0 (6%), the @entity2 could not be classified. Most of the @entity2 occurred with @entity4 in winter months. The majority of @entity2 (55%) was of bimalleolar type. The mean follow-up was 26 months. RESULTS: Union was obtained in all @entity2 . According to the objective criteria, the results were good, moderate, and poor in 18 (58%), eight (26%), and five (16%) @entity0 , respectively. Subjective evaluation yielded good, moderate, and poor results in 17 (55%), eight (26%), and six (19%) @entity0 , respectively. The results were poor especially in pronation-external rotation and @entity2 . Two @entity0 (6%) developed @entity3 . CONCLUSION: In our opinion, the best anatomical reduction may be achieved by surgical treatment of @entity5 that present with a talar tilt, fibular shortening, and @entity1 .

title: [The results of surgical treatment in XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the results of treatment with closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wires in childhood unstable radius distal methaphysis @entity1 . METHODS: Forty-four @entity1 of radius distal methaphysis of 43 @entity0 (33 @entity0 , 10 @entity0 ; mean age 11.7 years; range 8.6 to 16 years) were treated with immediate closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wires. @entity1 with more than 50% displacement were considered unstable. A satisfactory reduction was defined as the presence of 80% cortical contact on anteroposterior and lateral x-rays, an angulation of less than 20 degrees and 15 degrees at ages below and over 10 years, respectively, and the absence of @entity3 . Clinically, the range of motion of the elbow and wrist, @entity2 , and grip strength were measured and compared with those of the other side in the 12th postoperative week. A restriction of 10 degrees or more in relation to the other side was regarded as failure. Radiologic indications of failure in the postoperative sixth week were residual angulations of more than 15 degrees and 10 degrees at ages below and above 10 years, respectively, and @entity3 . RESULTS: Forty-one @entity0 (93.2%) achieved a successful outcome. Failure was encountered in three @entity0 (6.8%). Two @entity0 developed type 1 pin tract infection, which resolved with antibiotic therapy and wound care. @entity0 returned to their normal activities in a mean of 10 weeks. CONCLUSION: Closed reduction and the use of percutaneous Kirschner wires proved to be the choice of treatment in unstable radius distal methaphysis @entity1 in @entity0 .

title: [Treatment of childhood unstable radius distal methaphysis XXXX with closed reduction and percutaneous Kirschner wires].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the predictors of @entity2 transformation in @entity1 @entity0 and to evaluate the impact of @entity2 transformation on rehabilitation outcome. DESIGN: The records of 203 @entity3 @entity0 hospitalized for rehabilitation after the acute phase of @entity1 were retrospectively analyzed. In 121 cases, the first computed tomographic scan and a repeat scan were compared to determine whether @entity2 transformation occurred. Correlations between the occurrence of @entity2 transformation and use of anticoagulants, antiaggregants, and antiedema drugs were evaluated. Admission and discharge FIM trade mark and Adapted @entity0 Evaluation Conference System scores were noted, and functional gain was calculated from these. These data were also analyzed for associations with @entity2 transformation. RESULTS: Hemorrhagic transformation was detected in 39 of the 121 cases. There was no significant difference in functional outcome between @entity0 who did and did not show @entity2 transformation. Although not statistically significant, the use of antiedema drugs was found to increase the risk of @entity2 transformation, whereas the use of anticoagulants and antiaggregants had no influence. CONCLUSIONS: Hemorrhagic transformation of an @entity4 does not affect rehabilitation outcome in @entity1 survivors. The study results favor the use of anticoagulants and antiaggregants in the acute phase unless these drugs are contraindicated by the @entity0 's condition. Still, prospective trials are needed to make definite conclusions.

title: Hemorrhagic transformation in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the predictors of @entity2 transformation in @entity1 @entity0 and to evaluate the impact of @entity2 transformation on rehabilitation outcome. DESIGN: The records of 203 @entity3 @entity0 hospitalized for rehabilitation after the acute phase of @entity1 were retrospectively analyzed. In 121 cases, the first computed tomographic scan and a repeat scan were compared to determine whether @entity2 transformation occurred. Correlations between the occurrence of @entity2 transformation and use of anticoagulants, antiaggregants, and antiedema drugs were evaluated. Admission and discharge FIM trade mark and Adapted @entity0 Evaluation Conference System scores were noted, and functional gain was calculated from these. These data were also analyzed for associations with @entity2 transformation. RESULTS: Hemorrhagic transformation was detected in 39 of the 121 cases. There was no significant difference in functional outcome between @entity0 who did and did not show @entity2 transformation. Although not statistically significant, the use of antiedema drugs was found to increase the risk of @entity2 transformation, whereas the use of anticoagulants and antiaggregants had no influence. CONCLUSIONS: Hemorrhagic transformation of an @entity4 does not affect rehabilitation outcome in @entity1 survivors. The study results favor the use of anticoagulants and antiaggregants in the acute phase unless these drugs are contraindicated by the @entity0 's condition. Still, prospective trials are needed to make definite conclusions.

title: Hemorrhagic transformation in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The main criteria of " @entity12 " are considered to be as follows: relatively rare and long-lasting unilateral attacks of severe @entity2 , although seemingly of a non-excruciating character, signs of neck involvement, and lack of "cluster pattern". In the present communication, the clinical manifestations in 11 @entity0 fulfilling these criteria are described. All 11 @entity0 selected in accordance with these criteria proved to be females, the age at onset ranging from 6 to 40 years (mean, 30 years). The mean duration of symptoms was 13 years. Six @entity0 had had previous @entity8 . All @entity0 had @entity4 periorbitally, in the temporal region, and in the low occipital region (nape of the neck); less frequent were frontal, parietal, and @entity4 and @entity4 in the upper part of the occipital region. The duration of attacks was from 3 h to 3 weeks, and the interval between attacks lasted from 2 days to 2 months. The commonest accompanying @entity13 were @entity11 , @entity10 , ipsilateral eyelid @entity1 , @entity5 , and @entity3 . Some of the @entity0 also had @entity6 (n = 7) and @entity7 (n = 6). On physical examination, slight to moderate @entity9 in the neck was noted, and five @entity0 had ipsilaterally reduced sensation for touch in the trigeminal area. All the @entity0 except one were severely afflicted. Attacks could, in addition to occurring spontaneously, be precipitated in all @entity0 by head movements or by pressure at specific points in the neck.

title: " XXXX ": clinical manifestation.

answer: @entity12


abstract: PURPOSE: The diagnostic hallmark of @entity4 is development of "light bulb" @entity5 in the retinal periphery, leading to posterior pole intraretinal and subretinal exudation. Even after complete obliteration of all abnormal vessels and resorption of all exudates, follow-up examinations are mandatory for several years. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the charts, pictures and/or @entity1 angiographies of a series of 32 consecutive @entity0 , in which the diagnosis of @entity4 was made. All @entity0 underwent selective photocoagulation of the @entity5 using a yellow-dye laser. Efficacy of treatment was monitored with drawings and/or @entity1 angiographies. RESULTS: All our @entity0 had unilateral disease, with macular involvement and exudative @entity2 . Visual acuity improved in one @entity0 , decreased from light perception to @entity3 in another, and was unchanged in the remainder. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report of anatomical benefits from treatment with a yellow-dye laser (i.e., selective photocoagulation without cryotherapy or drainage) despite the presence of a severe form of @entity4 . Our young Coats' @entity0 responded quickly to treatment. With successful obliteration of the abnormal vasculature, exudates began to absorb in about 4 to 8 weeks although, in some cases, 10 to 12 months were needed to obtain resolution of the exudative detachment. Poor visual outcome of 20/100 or worse was common. In Coats' @entity0 , the key issue is continuous control and long-term follow-up.

title: Selective photocoagulation in XXXX : ten-year follow-up.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate survival rates and side effects after stereotactically-guided radiotherapy (SRT) in @entity0 with recurrent @entity3 of the brain. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1992 and 2000, 20 @entity0 with 29 radiological manifestations were treated with fractionated SRT (n = 21) or radiosurgery (n = 8). Median age was 16 years with 6 @entity0 < or = 14 years. All @entity0 had prior cranio-spinal radiotherapy plus boost to the posterior fossa with a total dose of 54 Gy. Time to recurrence was 33 months mean. Eighteen of the 29 lesions were located within the boost volume. Chemotherapy was given according to current international study protocols (HIT) in all @entity0 . Mean total dose for re-irradiation was 24 Gy for fractionated stereotactically-guided radiotherapy, and 15 Gy for radiosurgery. Mean follow-up was 88.5 months. RESULTS: Overall local control was 89.7%. Thirteen recurrences showed partial or complete response in CT/MR-imaging, 13 showed stable disease. Local @entity1 progression was seen 5 months mean after radiotherapy in three cases. A multifocal intracranial progression was seen in 9 @entity0 , 5 @entity0 developed additional spinal metastases. Thirteen @entity0 died with disseminated cranio-spinal progression, after 72.6 months median. No late @entity2 > CTC II(o) especially no brain radionecrosis was seen after radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: SRT is effective and safe in the treatment of recurrent @entity3 to improve local control without evident side effects. The main problem remains the control of subclinical @entity4 .

title: Results of three-dimensional stereotactically-guided radiotherapy in recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Current surgical teaching advocates debulking of the abdominal Burkitt's @entity3 burden and improve survival. The records of 16 @entity0 who had @entity5 were reviewed. Eleven of these @entity0 presented with @entity1 . Five of these 11 @entity0 are long-term survivors and six have died. Three of the @entity1 were primarily resected; two were in @entity0 who became long-term survivors. One resection was complicated by @entity4 , leading to the early demise of the @entity0 . Four @entity1 were debulked; only one of these was in a long-term survivor. @entity4 also complicated the hospital course in one of these @entity0 . Finally, four @entity0 underwent initial incisional biopsies and plans were made for subsequent resection of any @entity2 6 weeks later. Two of these @entity0 survived and two have died. The results of this pilot study do not confirm that there is a clear advantage to aggressive operative cytoreduction. Although this approach decreases the total @entity1 burden, it may also impose severe metabolic complications and postpone the administration of chemotherapy. These results do suggest the need for a multi-institutional review of the surgical management of abdominal @entity5 .

title: Abdominal XXXX : role of early aggressive surgery.

answer: @entity5


abstract: To date, there are no reliable criteria to identify those @entity0 with @entity3 -infiltrated sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) of the groin who might benefit from an extended lymphadenectomy, including the pelvic lymph nodes. We hypothesised that there are pelvic lymph nodes that receive lymph directly from the primary @entity2 , thus being at an increased risk for @entity1 . In order to determine the frequency of radioactively labelled pelvic lymph nodes and the kinetics of their appearance, we introduce here a combination of dynamic lymphoscintigraphy, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and image fusion of SPECT and pelvic Computed Tomography (CT)-scans. By dynamic lymphoscintigraphy and intraoperative gamma probe detection, superficially located inguinal SLNs (median 2 nodes) could be identified in all of the 51 @entity0 included in this analysis. The histological search for micrometastases was positive in 16 @entity0 (median Breslow thickness of the primary @entity3 2.5 mm). In 29 @entity0 , SPECT and the image fusion technique were additionally performed. Radioactively labelled pelvic lymph nodes were detected in 20 individuals, 6 of them presenting aberrant pelvic SLNs that, on dynamic lymphoscintigraphy, had appeared simultaneously with the superficial @entity4 (s). Of the 6 @entity0 in whom radioactive pelvic lymph nodes were excised together with the superficial @entity4 (s), only one had positive superficial SLNs. In this @entity0 , the aberrant pelvic @entity4 proved to be @entity2 -positive. In 9 @entity0 , there was no radiotracer uptake in the pelvic lymph nodes at all. Image fusion of SPECT and pelvic CT-scans is an excellent tool to localise exactly the @entity2 -draining nodes. The significance of radioactively labelled pelvic lymph nodes for the probability of pelvic metastases should be analysed further.

title: Dynamic lymphoscintigraphy and image fusion of SPECT and pelvic CT-scans allow mapping of aberrant pelvic sentinel lymph nodes in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: This phase 2 trial was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the chimeric monoclonal anti- @entity4 antibody rituximab in @entity0 with relapsed lymphocyte-predominant @entity3 or other @entity4 (+) subtypes of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Eligibility criteria required expression of the @entity4 antigen on more than 30% of malignant cells. Fourteen @entity0 were treated with 4 weekly intravenous infusions of rituximab (375 mg/m(2)). All @entity0 had at least one prior chemotherapy (median, 2). The median time from first diagnosis was 9 years. Adverse events, such as @entity5 , @entity1 , chills, and @entity2 , were usually transient and of mild to moderate grade, allowing outpatient treatment in most cases. All @entity0 completed treatment and were eligible for a response. The overall response in 14 assessable @entity0 was 86%, with 8 complete remissions and 4 partial remissions, and 2 @entity0 with progressive disease. At a median follow-up of 12 months, 9 of 12 responders were in remission. The median duration of response has not been reached yet (20+ months). We conclude that rituximab is both safe and effective in a subgroup of @entity4 (+) @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Treatment of relapsed @entity4 + @entity3 with the monoclonal antibody rituximab is effective and well tolerated: results of a phase 2 trial of the German XXXX Study Group.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This phase 2 trial was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the chimeric monoclonal anti- @entity4 antibody rituximab in @entity0 with relapsed lymphocyte-predominant @entity3 or other @entity4 (+) subtypes of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Eligibility criteria required expression of the @entity4 antigen on more than 30% of malignant cells. Fourteen @entity0 were treated with 4 weekly intravenous infusions of rituximab (375 mg/m(2)). All @entity0 had at least one prior chemotherapy (median, 2). The median time from first diagnosis was 9 years. Adverse events, such as @entity5 , @entity1 , chills, and @entity2 , were usually transient and of mild to moderate grade, allowing outpatient treatment in most cases. All @entity0 completed treatment and were eligible for a response. The overall response in 14 assessable @entity0 was 86%, with 8 complete remissions and 4 partial remissions, and 2 @entity0 with progressive disease. At a median follow-up of 12 months, 9 of 12 responders were in remission. The median duration of response has not been reached yet (20+ months). We conclude that rituximab is both safe and effective in a subgroup of @entity4 (+) @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Treatment of relapsed @entity4 + XXXX with the monoclonal antibody rituximab is effective and well tolerated: results of a phase 2 trial of the German @entity3 Study Group.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This phase 2 trial was performed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the chimeric monoclonal anti- @entity4 antibody rituximab in @entity0 with relapsed lymphocyte-predominant @entity3 or other @entity4 (+) subtypes of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Eligibility criteria required expression of the @entity4 antigen on more than 30% of malignant cells. Fourteen @entity0 were treated with 4 weekly intravenous infusions of rituximab (375 mg/m(2)). All @entity0 had at least one prior chemotherapy (median, 2). The median time from first diagnosis was 9 years. Adverse events, such as @entity5 , @entity1 , chills, and @entity2 , were usually transient and of mild to moderate grade, allowing outpatient treatment in most cases. All @entity0 completed treatment and were eligible for a response. The overall response in 14 assessable @entity0 was 86%, with 8 complete remissions and 4 partial remissions, and 2 @entity0 with progressive disease. At a median follow-up of 12 months, 9 of 12 responders were in remission. The median duration of response has not been reached yet (20+ months). We conclude that rituximab is both safe and effective in a subgroup of @entity4 (+) @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Treatment of relapsed XXXX + @entity3 with the monoclonal antibody rituximab is effective and well tolerated: results of a phase 2 trial of the German @entity3 Study Group.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Molecular evidence has recently suggested a number of different pathways leading to the development of @entity0 . The links between @entity9 and low-grade @entity3 in @entity8 and @entity8 are well known pathologically, but high-grade in situ and invasive @entity2 appear to have a different biological oncogenetic pathway. Morphologically there is a similarity between apocrine cells and some cases of high-grade @entity3 . In order to investigate this possibility a number of different biological markers known to occur in high-grade @entity0 were assessed in both apocrine metaplasia (APM) and a putative @entity1 called apocrine change within sclerosing adenosis ( @entity11 ). In 64 cases of APM and 18 cases of @entity11 we examined for expression of @entity10 , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity4 and Ki-67 proteins using immunocytochemistry. @entity10 expression was seen in 55.6% of @entity11 cases and in 10.9% of APM cases. @entity7 expression was detected in 27.8% of @entity11 cases but only 1.6% of APM cases. All cases of @entity11 and APM were negative for the anti-apoptotic protein @entity5 , but all the APM and 33.3% of @entity11 cases showed cytoplasmic positivity for @entity6 , a pro-apoptotic protein. All the cases of @entity11 and APM were positive for @entity4 oncoprotein, however, the mean percentage of nuclear positivity was 50% in @entity11 and 37% in cases of APM cases. The mean percentage positivity for Ki-67, a proliferation associated antigen, was 3.6% in @entity11 and 1.3% in APM. The results indicate that a subset of breast lesions containing APM epithelium show abnormal oncoprotein and apoptosis-related protein expression and have a higher proliferation rate.

title: Expression of XXXX , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity4 and Ki-67 in apocrine metaplasia and apocrine change within sclerosing adenosis of the breast.

answer: @entity10


abstract: Molecular evidence has recently suggested a number of different pathways leading to the development of @entity0 . The links between @entity9 and low-grade @entity3 in @entity8 and @entity8 are well known pathologically, but high-grade in situ and invasive @entity2 appear to have a different biological oncogenetic pathway. Morphologically there is a similarity between apocrine cells and some cases of high-grade @entity3 . In order to investigate this possibility a number of different biological markers known to occur in high-grade @entity0 were assessed in both apocrine metaplasia (APM) and a putative @entity1 called apocrine change within sclerosing adenosis ( @entity11 ). In 64 cases of APM and 18 cases of @entity11 we examined for expression of @entity10 , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity4 and Ki-67 proteins using immunocytochemistry. @entity10 expression was seen in 55.6% of @entity11 cases and in 10.9% of APM cases. @entity7 expression was detected in 27.8% of @entity11 cases but only 1.6% of APM cases. All cases of @entity11 and APM were negative for the anti-apoptotic protein @entity5 , but all the APM and 33.3% of @entity11 cases showed cytoplasmic positivity for @entity6 , a pro-apoptotic protein. All the cases of @entity11 and APM were positive for @entity4 oncoprotein, however, the mean percentage of nuclear positivity was 50% in @entity11 and 37% in cases of APM cases. The mean percentage positivity for Ki-67, a proliferation associated antigen, was 3.6% in @entity11 and 1.3% in APM. The results indicate that a subset of breast lesions containing APM epithelium show abnormal oncoprotein and apoptosis-related protein expression and have a higher proliferation rate.

title: Expression of @entity10 , XXXX , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity4 and Ki-67 in apocrine metaplasia and apocrine change within sclerosing adenosis of the breast.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Molecular evidence has recently suggested a number of different pathways leading to the development of @entity0 . The links between @entity9 and low-grade @entity3 in @entity8 and @entity8 are well known pathologically, but high-grade in situ and invasive @entity2 appear to have a different biological oncogenetic pathway. Morphologically there is a similarity between apocrine cells and some cases of high-grade @entity3 . In order to investigate this possibility a number of different biological markers known to occur in high-grade @entity0 were assessed in both apocrine metaplasia (APM) and a putative @entity1 called apocrine change within sclerosing adenosis ( @entity11 ). In 64 cases of APM and 18 cases of @entity11 we examined for expression of @entity10 , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity4 and Ki-67 proteins using immunocytochemistry. @entity10 expression was seen in 55.6% of @entity11 cases and in 10.9% of APM cases. @entity7 expression was detected in 27.8% of @entity11 cases but only 1.6% of APM cases. All cases of @entity11 and APM were negative for the anti-apoptotic protein @entity5 , but all the APM and 33.3% of @entity11 cases showed cytoplasmic positivity for @entity6 , a pro-apoptotic protein. All the cases of @entity11 and APM were positive for @entity4 oncoprotein, however, the mean percentage of nuclear positivity was 50% in @entity11 and 37% in cases of APM cases. The mean percentage positivity for Ki-67, a proliferation associated antigen, was 3.6% in @entity11 and 1.3% in APM. The results indicate that a subset of breast lesions containing APM epithelium show abnormal oncoprotein and apoptosis-related protein expression and have a higher proliferation rate.

title: Expression of @entity10 , @entity7 , XXXX , @entity6 , @entity4 and Ki-67 in apocrine metaplasia and apocrine change within sclerosing adenosis of the breast.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Molecular evidence has recently suggested a number of different pathways leading to the development of @entity0 . The links between @entity9 and low-grade @entity3 in @entity8 and @entity8 are well known pathologically, but high-grade in situ and invasive @entity2 appear to have a different biological oncogenetic pathway. Morphologically there is a similarity between apocrine cells and some cases of high-grade @entity3 . In order to investigate this possibility a number of different biological markers known to occur in high-grade @entity0 were assessed in both apocrine metaplasia (APM) and a putative @entity1 called apocrine change within sclerosing adenosis ( @entity11 ). In 64 cases of APM and 18 cases of @entity11 we examined for expression of @entity10 , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity4 and Ki-67 proteins using immunocytochemistry. @entity10 expression was seen in 55.6% of @entity11 cases and in 10.9% of APM cases. @entity7 expression was detected in 27.8% of @entity11 cases but only 1.6% of APM cases. All cases of @entity11 and APM were negative for the anti-apoptotic protein @entity5 , but all the APM and 33.3% of @entity11 cases showed cytoplasmic positivity for @entity6 , a pro-apoptotic protein. All the cases of @entity11 and APM were positive for @entity4 oncoprotein, however, the mean percentage of nuclear positivity was 50% in @entity11 and 37% in cases of APM cases. The mean percentage positivity for Ki-67, a proliferation associated antigen, was 3.6% in @entity11 and 1.3% in APM. The results indicate that a subset of breast lesions containing APM epithelium show abnormal oncoprotein and apoptosis-related protein expression and have a higher proliferation rate.

title: Expression of @entity10 , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity6 , XXXX and Ki-67 in apocrine metaplasia and apocrine change within sclerosing adenosis of the breast.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Molecular evidence has recently suggested a number of different pathways leading to the development of @entity0 . The links between @entity9 and low-grade @entity3 in @entity8 and @entity8 are well known pathologically, but high-grade in situ and invasive @entity2 appear to have a different biological oncogenetic pathway. Morphologically there is a similarity between apocrine cells and some cases of high-grade @entity3 . In order to investigate this possibility a number of different biological markers known to occur in high-grade @entity0 were assessed in both apocrine metaplasia (APM) and a putative @entity1 called apocrine change within sclerosing adenosis ( @entity11 ). In 64 cases of APM and 18 cases of @entity11 we examined for expression of @entity10 , @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity4 and Ki-67 proteins using immunocytochemistry. @entity10 expression was seen in 55.6% of @entity11 cases and in 10.9% of APM cases. @entity7 expression was detected in 27.8% of @entity11 cases but only 1.6% of APM cases. All cases of @entity11 and APM were negative for the anti-apoptotic protein @entity5 , but all the APM and 33.3% of @entity11 cases showed cytoplasmic positivity for @entity6 , a pro-apoptotic protein. All the cases of @entity11 and APM were positive for @entity4 oncoprotein, however, the mean percentage of nuclear positivity was 50% in @entity11 and 37% in cases of APM cases. The mean percentage positivity for Ki-67, a proliferation associated antigen, was 3.6% in @entity11 and 1.3% in APM. The results indicate that a subset of breast lesions containing APM epithelium show abnormal oncoprotein and apoptosis-related protein expression and have a higher proliferation rate.

title: Expression of @entity10 , @entity7 , @entity5 , XXXX , @entity4 and Ki-67 in apocrine metaplasia and apocrine change within sclerosing adenosis of the breast.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Resection and enterostomy are the standard operative procedures for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). In order to compare the results of two different methods of enterostomy, a study was carried out in 100 @entity0 with @entity2 who underwent enterostomy formation and closure. A single surgeon at each of the two collaborating institutions conducted the majority of operations. Level of enterostomy was jejunum in 10, ileum in 75, and colon in 15. Type of enterostomy was separate stomas (usually brought out side by side) in 50, @entity3 in 39, single stoma with Hartmann's pouch in 10, and loop colostomy in 1. Complications of enterostomy formation occurred in 24 @entity0 (24%). When @entity0 with separate stomas were compared with those with the @entity3 , there was no difference in the rate of @entity1 . The separate stomas had a higher rate of stricture formation in the distal bowel (36% v 18%), which may be accounted for by earlier reestablishment of intestinal continuity in the Mikulicz group. Both methods exteriorized the bowel ends close to one another, which was advantageous because subsequent closure was usually performed without a formal laparotomy. After enterostomy closure, 17 (17%) @entity0 had complications. There was no difference in complication rate between early (before 3 months or under 2.5 kg) v late closure, or between closure of the @entity3 (although the @entity3 closure was accomplished more rapidly than closure of separate stomas). Morbidity was unrelated to level of enterostomy, type of enterostomy, maturing the stoma, bringing it through a separate incision, or age or weight of the @entity0 at closure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX : an analysis of techniques and timing of closure.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Language is almost always affected in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and a delay in language acquisition is one of the first characteristics. They articulate poorly and have a repetitive language, using the last word or sentence they have said or have been told. They have a tendency to change subjects as they talk and to repeat what they have heard. Even if comprehension is correct, they are unable to answer questions. Sometimes this is due to the fact that they don't expect the question or because they are not paying attention. They react better to short and concise commands. Their speech is fast with a poor control of the rhythm and inappropriate pausing in words, making it difficult to understand them. Some @entity0 with severe @entity1 will require a complementary communication system to aid them. DEVELOPMENT: In speech therapy we will improve their communicative skills, both in comprehension as in expression, minimising or eliminating negative patterns, with exercises, techniques and strategies. Work is needed on the use of alternative language if necessary and finally work on feeding problems caused by the low muscular tone and on sensorial problems such as tactile hyper/hypo stimulation or difficulties to plan their movements. In conclusion, we must bear in mind that each @entity0 is different and so are their specific needs. CONCLUSION: We must know the individualities to provide for opportunities of development or of their control, and focus our objectives in a more real and effective manner.

title: [Language therapy in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Extracellular recordings were made from neurones in or near the supraoptic nucleus in suckled lactating @entity0 under @entity2 anaesthesia to investigate the mechanism by which the firing of @entity1 cells is synchronized during reflex milk ejection. Cells synaptically driven but not antidromically activated by neural stalk stimulation, which thus probably receive an afferent input from supraoptic neurones, were classified as 'regular' or 'bursters' on the basis of their spontaneous electrical activity. The majority (twelve out of eighteen) of synaptically excited cells (o.d.+) were bursters and the majority of inhibited (o.d.-) cells (eleven out of nineteen) were regular, but only one o.d.+ burster showed any change of activity (inhibition) before milk ejection. Putative @entity1 cells in suckled lactating @entity0 showed a firing pattern between milk-ejection bursts which could not be distinguished from that of putative @entity1 cells in male animals. The mode interspike interval between milk ejections was 47.1 +/- 3.1 ms (mean +/- S.E. of mean) compared with 47.3 +/- 3.3 ms in male @entity0 , and fewer than 1.4% of interspike intervals were less than 20 ms in duration. By contrast, within milk-ejection bursts 40% of interspike intervals were in the range 8-20 ms. Short trains (10 or 20) of pulses applied to the neural stalk at regular (5 min) intervals, in an attempt to simulate the initial part of the milk ejection burst, failed to trigger bursts. In only 2 of 150 tests was the interval between train and milk-ejection burst less than 10 s, and after the pulse train all but one cell showed reduced activity for 1-3 s. The trains of pulses were however not without effect: they significantly (P less than 0.01) enhanced the chance of a milk-ejection burst occurring within the next 2.5 min. Our observation that pulse trains do not trigger bursts suggests that local positive feed-back mechanisms are not responsible for orchestrating the activation of @entity1 cells during the milk-ejection reflex. Moreover, because spontaneous tiring pattern is the same in lactating and non-lactating @entity0 , we found no evidence that the anatomical changes in the synaptic organization within the supraoptic nuclei in lactation have any influence on the firing of @entity1 cells. It is likely, however, since pulse trains alter the timing of milk ejections, that @entity1 released locally in the region of the supraoptic nucleus can influence reflex milk ejection.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Regulation of the milk ejection reflex in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Two hundred and seventy-eight @entity0 with @entity2 have been managed at the Columbus @entity0 's Hospital since 1955. Fifty-four (20%) have been classified as high risk using Waterston's criteria of birth weight, @entity2 , and @entity1 . The @entity0 have been divided into group I (n = 27, 1955 to 1969) and group II (n = 27, 1970 to 1984) to reflect the onset of mechanical ventilation and effective neonatal intensive care. The mean birth weight of @entity0 in group II was significantly less than in group I (1,753 +/- 390 g v 1,950 +/- 505 g, P less than .05). The incidence of @entity5 , measured by gestational age, has significantly increased with 9 of 27 (33%) @entity0 in group II and 2 of 27 (7%) @entity0 in group I less than 32 weeks gestation (P less than .05). The presence or severity of @entity2 was not significantly different in groups I and II. Twenty @entity0 in group I and 22 @entity0 in group II underwent definitive management of their @entity2 . Operative survival was 30% in group I and 74% in group II (P less than .05). Long-term survival was 15% in group I and 64% in group II (P less than .05). Early postoperative complications included @entity1 , @entity4 , or stricture. The most frequent complications in long-term follow-up were recurrent @entity1 , which were observed in 9 of 16 @entity0 . @entity6 or @entity3 was documented in five of these @entity0 ; four were managed successfully with positional or pharmacologic manipulations while one required an antireflux procedure. Thirty percent (5/16) are asymptomatic.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in Waterston C neonates: a 30-year perspective.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the @entity2 and activity of @entity8 in @entity0 with advanced metastatic @entity5 and to measure changes of one angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor ( @entity1 )165, with therapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: 29 @entity0 were enrolled on a study of @entity8 using an intra- @entity0 dose escalation schedule. @entity0 began @entity8 at 400 mg/d and escalated as tolerated to 1200 mg/d by day 54. Fifty-nine per cent of @entity0 had had previous therapy with @entity4 and 52% were performance status 2 or 3. Systemic plasma @entity6 levels were measured by dual monoclonal ELISA in 8 @entity0 . RESULTS: 24 @entity0 were evaluable for response with one partial response of 11 months duration of a @entity0 with hepatic and pulmonary metastases (4%), one minor response, and 2 @entity0 stable for over 6 months. @entity7 and @entity3 were prominent @entity2 and most @entity0 could not tolerate the 1200 mg/day dose level. Systemic plasma @entity6 levels did not change with therapy. CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with a low level of activity of @entity8 in @entity5 . Administration of doses over 800 mg/day was difficult to achieve in this @entity0 population, however lower doses were practical. The dose-response relationship, if any, of @entity8 for @entity5 is unclear.

title: A phase II study of XXXX in advanced metastatic @entity5 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the @entity2 and activity of @entity8 in @entity0 with advanced metastatic @entity5 and to measure changes of one angiogenic factor, vascular endothelial growth factor ( @entity1 )165, with therapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: 29 @entity0 were enrolled on a study of @entity8 using an intra- @entity0 dose escalation schedule. @entity0 began @entity8 at 400 mg/d and escalated as tolerated to 1200 mg/d by day 54. Fifty-nine per cent of @entity0 had had previous therapy with @entity4 and 52% were performance status 2 or 3. Systemic plasma @entity6 levels were measured by dual monoclonal ELISA in 8 @entity0 . RESULTS: 24 @entity0 were evaluable for response with one partial response of 11 months duration of a @entity0 with hepatic and pulmonary metastases (4%), one minor response, and 2 @entity0 stable for over 6 months. @entity7 and @entity3 were prominent @entity2 and most @entity0 could not tolerate the 1200 mg/day dose level. Systemic plasma @entity6 levels did not change with therapy. CONCLUSION: These results are consistent with a low level of activity of @entity8 in @entity5 . Administration of doses over 800 mg/day was difficult to achieve in this @entity0 population, however lower doses were practical. The dose-response relationship, if any, of @entity8 for @entity5 is unclear.

title: A phase II study of @entity8 in advanced metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The proposal deals with: stage I of @entity0 following mastectomy, and stage II up to T2a, N1a, MO following mastectomy with exenteration of the axilla. The mammary glands can be safely surgically removed whole without any unacceptably serious effect on the rest of the organism (naturally apart from the mental @entity2 , post-operation stress and the accompanying transitory drop in immunological function). The treatment proposed here consists of the timely and strict sequence of several procedures: I. The @entity1 , following a bilateral mastectomy, is immunized intradermally with a homogenate of dissection tissue from an allogeneic breast with Freund's adjuvant in order to achieve active specific sensitization of the lymphocytes and macrophages. II. The @entity1 is given adoptive transfusions of blood obtained from male donors, who are previously immunized by homogenate from allogeneic breast tissue (but not from the @entity1 's own breast). After achieving lymphocyte sensitization in all donors, blood transfusions are administered to the @entity1 , one by one in a precise time sequence. III. The @entity1 receives final immunological treatment in the form of indirect immunocytotoxicity and also of crossed organospecific reactivity with the serum of any suitable male bird previously immunized with homogenate from the mammary gland of the right @entity1 . IV. The procedure is terminated with pyrotherapy. V. Continuous non-specific auxiliary somatic and psychological treatments.

title: Proposal for treatment of cancer micrometastases, in particular of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Using microtechniques, total removal of @entity6 with @entity4 is possible today in most cases. The next barrier of operative treatment is hearing preservation which is routinely attempted, with the help of intraoperative brainstem auditory evoked responses monitoring. The present series deals with 176 operations performed sub-occipitally in 159 @entity0 from 1970 up to 1985. Twelve @entity0 were operated upon 29 times. According to the W.T. Koos classification, there were 16 type II, 39 type III and 121 type IV @entity5 . Ten @entity0 died postoperatively. In seven of these, death was related to surgery, in two it was caused by @entity3 . In the last @entity0 unexplained @entity2 occurred. 169 @entity0 had no facial weakness preoperatively, in 158 of these the facial nerve was anatomically preserved (93.5%). @entity4 was judged by evaluation of function of face at least 12 months after operation. Up to 36 months after surgery, a good facial result may be expected in cases where the facial nerve was macroscopically spared at completion of removal. Functional results have been reviewed in 151 @entity0 according to the J.W. House's International Evaluation System, with an excellent or good result in 66 (44%), fair in 65 (43%), bad or poor in 20 (13%). The anatomical preservation of the cochlear nerve could be achieved in 80 @entity0 of the group of 169 in whom the auditory function had not been damaged by a previous operation. In fact, the auditory function preservation could be reasonably attempted in 79 @entity0 : showing a @entity1 below 70 dB on tone audiometry, whatever may be the result of speech discrimination score. 59 @entity0 (75%) of this later group had their auditory nerve preserved, 14 (18%) showed preserved hearing function postoperatively, 10 of these with a speech discrimination score over 50%. Two of these showed an improvement of preoperative hearing, two others showed a total recovery of hearing function after removal.

title: [Complete excision of XXXX . Preservation of the facial nerve and hearing].

answer: @entity6


abstract: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity3 concentration is known to increase during the acute phase after severe @entity2 . To determine the influence of glycemia or @entity4 on this @entity3 increase, we studied 69 head-injured @entity0 aged 28.7 +/- 15.4 (SD) years with a mean Glasgow coma score of 5.7 +/- 1.7 (SD). They were intubated, paralyzed, and artificially respired. We measured @entity3 and @entity1 concentrations in ventricular CSF (VCSF), arterial blood, and jugular bulb blood for 5 days. Samples were obtained within 12 hours after injury and at regular 12-hour intervals. These @entity0 were not treated for hypo- or @entity5 . Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was also measured within 12 hours and at 12- to 48-hour intervals. @entity5 was found consistently within 12 hours after injury (224 +/- 98 mg/dl, P less than 0.001), and mild @entity5 persisted during the entire period of study. The VCSF @entity1 course was parallel to that in blood (the initial VCSF @entity1 value was 128 +/- 37 mg/dl, P less than 0.001). The blood @entity3 value was also elevated during the first 12 hours (4.2 +/- 2.0 mmol/litre, P less than 0.001), normalizing within 24 to 36 hours. The VCSF @entity3 course was independent from that of the blood @entity3 value. It was significantly elevated within 12 hours after injury (5.3 +/- 2.6 mmol/litre, P less than 0.001) and remained so during the 5 days of study. A high initial VCSF @entity1 value was associated with a high initial VCSF @entity3 value. However, a high VCSF @entity3 concentration was present even when the @entity1 value was close to the normal level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX , cerebrospinal fluid lactic acidosis, and cerebral blood flow in severely head-injured @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) @entity3 concentration is known to increase during the acute phase after severe @entity2 . To determine the influence of glycemia or @entity4 on this @entity3 increase, we studied 69 head-injured @entity0 aged 28.7 +/- 15.4 (SD) years with a mean Glasgow coma score of 5.7 +/- 1.7 (SD). They were intubated, paralyzed, and artificially respired. We measured @entity3 and @entity1 concentrations in ventricular CSF (VCSF), arterial blood, and jugular bulb blood for 5 days. Samples were obtained within 12 hours after injury and at regular 12-hour intervals. These @entity0 were not treated for hypo- or @entity5 . Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was also measured within 12 hours and at 12- to 48-hour intervals. @entity5 was found consistently within 12 hours after injury (224 +/- 98 mg/dl, P less than 0.001), and mild @entity5 persisted during the entire period of study. The VCSF @entity1 course was parallel to that in blood (the initial VCSF @entity1 value was 128 +/- 37 mg/dl, P less than 0.001). The blood @entity3 value was also elevated during the first 12 hours (4.2 +/- 2.0 mmol/litre, P less than 0.001), normalizing within 24 to 36 hours. The VCSF @entity3 course was independent from that of the blood @entity3 value. It was significantly elevated within 12 hours after injury (5.3 +/- 2.6 mmol/litre, P less than 0.001) and remained so during the 5 days of study. A high initial VCSF @entity1 value was associated with a high initial VCSF @entity3 value. However, a high VCSF @entity3 concentration was present even when the @entity1 value was close to the normal level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity5 , cerebrospinal fluid lactic acidosis, and cerebral blood flow in severely head-injured XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The ideal surgical treatment for @entity2 is still controversial. Out of 168 consecutive @entity0 resected in a 10-year period, 98 underwent esophagogastric resection (EGR) and 70 @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Early and long-term results were compared in order to define specific indications for both surgical procedures. Abdominal nodes were metastatic in 62% of the cases; mediastinal nodes were metastatic in 20.3% of 138 thoracotomized @entity0 . Neoplastic permeation of the section margin occurred in 4.7% of the @entity0 . No positive section margins were found in the cases with 10 cm or more of uninvolved esophagus resected. The superiority of the thoracoabdominal approach was therefore evident in terms of oncologic radicality. @entity3 occurred in 13.3% of EGR and in 7.1% of @entity4 @entity0 . No correlation between the stage of the @entity1 or the neoplastic permeation of the section margin and the incidence of leak was found. Operative mortality was 7.1% after EGR and 10% after @entity4 , which may suggest that EGR is the procedure of choice in poor-risk and elderly @entity0 . Loco-regional or systemic neoplastic recurrence was responsible for long-term mortality in 70% of the cases. Anastomotic recurrence was found in 12.2% of EGR @entity0 and in 1.4% of @entity4 @entity0 . Overall five-year survival was 19.1%. Mean survival was 29.5 months, 30 after EGR and 27 after @entity4 (p = NS).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX : the choice of surgical treatment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: To determine bronchial reactivity patterns, 400 subjects, 5 to 21 yr of age, underwent a @entity5 challenge in a Natural History of Asthma study. The diagnosis of @entity2 or @entity3 was based on a respiratory questionnaire. Subjects were nonsmokers and had had no @entity4 for 1 month. Intradermal skin tests were done. The @entity5 challenge response was expressed as the area beneath the dose-response curve (Area 35). Fifty-five asthmatics, 113 normal subjects from normal families, 103 normal subjects from @entity2 families, 60 normal twins, and 69 allergic subjects without @entity2 were studied. Overall, 52% of nonasthmatics and 47% of nonallergic subjects had an Area 35 less than 4,000 (800 breath units). There was a difference (p less than 0.05) in the distribution of @entity5 Area 35 responses in normal subjects from that in normal families compared with normal subjects from @entity2 families. The age of the nonasthmatic subjects had an influence on the degree of bronchial reactivity. @entity5 challenge studies in pediatric @entity0 must be interpreted with age, personal @entity1 , and family @entity2 history in mind.

title: XXXX inhalation challenge studies in a selected pediatric population.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The effects of @entity0 modification and variations in pH on the equilibrium parameters for inducer and operator binding to the @entity1 repressor protein were examined. Operator binding affinity was minimally affected by increasing the pH from 7.5 to 9.2, whereas inducer binding was decreased for both the unliganded protein and the repressor-operator complex over the same range. Inducer binding to the repressor became more cooperative at high pH. The midpoint for the change in inducer affinity and cooperativity was pH 8.3; this value correlates well with @entity0 ionization. The differential between repressor-operator affinity in the presence and absence of inducer was significantly decreased by modification of the protein with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In contrast to unreacted protein, the inducer binding parameters for @entity3 -modified repressor were largely unaffected by pH variation. The free energy for formation of the completely liganded protein was calculated for two pathways; the delta G values for these two independent routes were equivalent only for stoichiometries of four inducers and two operators per repressor molecule. All of the binding data were analyzed quantitatively by using a Monod-Wyman-Changeux two-state model for allosteric regulation. The observed dependences of the @entity2 binding curves on pH, DNA concentration, and @entity3 modification were fitted by varying only the equilibrium constant between the two conformational states of the protein. With this analysis, high pH favors the T (high operator/low inducer affinity) state, while modification of @entity0 -281 with @entity3 elicits a shift into the R (high inducer/low operator affinity) state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Allosteric regulation of inducer and operator binding to the XXXX repressor.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Of multiple etiologies for pure @entity7 , the causes may be divided into those associated with anatomically abnormal and anatomically normal tricuspid valves. Conditions associated with anatomically abnormal valves include @entity5 , floppy, @entity14 , @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity2 , and other rarer causes such as radiation, @entity15 , and @entity16 . Conditions associated with anatomically normal tricuspid valves include multiple causes of @entity11 ( @entity9 , @entity1 , and @entity1 due to @entity13 ). Of 45 necropsy @entity0 with clinically documented pure @entity7 , conditions producing @entity1 ( @entity11 , @entity13 ) were the most frequent etiology (47 percent), followed by floppy (16 percent), @entity5 (11 percent), @entity8 (9 percent), @entity14 (7 percent), and miscellaneous conditions (10 percent). Of multiple causes of pure @entity3 , @entity10 and leaflet area are useful measurements in establishing etiology: dilated anuli (greater than 12 cm) are associated with @entity14 , floppy valves, and multiple causes of @entity1 . Increased leaflet areas are associated with floppy valves and @entity14 . Anular insertion site separates floppy tricuspid valves from @entity14 . Of 21 purely regurgitant operatively-excised tricuspid valves, the etiologies were: @entity5 (43 percent), "functional" due to @entity1 from @entity13 (38 percent), @entity14 (9 percent), @entity6 (5 percent), and floppy (5 percent). In contrast to etiology of pure @entity3 , @entity5 is the leading cause for operative excision of purely regurgitant tricuspid valves. @entity4 and tricuspid valve morphology disclosed that pulmonary arterial pressures greater than or equal to 55 mm Hg and tricuspid valve anuli greater than 12 cm were associated with anatomically normal tricuspid valves and that pulmonary arterial pressures less than or equal to 40 mm Hg and tricuspid anuli less than 12 cm were associated with anatomically abnormal tricuspid valves.

title: Etiology of pure XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Duration of disease is the major susceptibility factor for @entity2 . @entity2 does not occur without the metabolic abnormality of @entity1 and there is much circumstantial evidence to implicate poor @entity1 control in its pathogenesis. The rate of development and severity of complications, however, are variable even in @entity0 with apparently similar control and about 25% of @entity1 will never develop clinical evidence of @entity2 . Studies of identical twins suggest a genetic component in the pathogenesis of @entity3 in @entity5 , and less so in @entity4 , but increased capillary basement membrane thickness does not occur in the non- @entity1 identical co-twins of insulin dependent @entity1 . There may also be genetic heterogeneity not only of @entity1 , but also of its complications, although for a given type of @entity1 the prevalence of @entity2 is often very similar in different racial groups. Associations between several different HLA molecules (particularly @entity6 ) and @entity2 in @entity4 have been reported but not consistently confirmed. Recently the finding of an increased frequency of the B3 allotype of the fourth component of complement @entity7 in subjects with @entity3 has suggested that there is an HLA linked association. Both complement and the immunoglobulins are concerned with humoral immunity and the report of an association between a phenotype of the IgG heavy chain markers on chromosome 14 and @entity3 is of particular interest. These associations appear to be additive but independent. These reports need confirmation but provide the best evidence we have for an immunogenetic component (HLA and non-HLA linked) of the aetiology of @entity2 , at least in @entity4 . The studies of identical twins, HLA and Gm associations provide good evidence that genetic factors are involved in susceptibility to @entity2 , at least in some @entity1 , although the most relevant genes may not have been identified. Searches for better genetic markers must continue in order to identify those @entity0 at increased risk of developing @entity2 .

title: The genetics of XXXX complications.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Bone marrow transplantation is useful in AML. Results of chemotherapy and transplantation are compared in Table 4. Transplantation is the preferred treatment in individuals who fail chemotherapy. Transplantation is also likely to be superior or comparable to chemotherapy in individuals less than 30 years of age in first remission. Transplantation in older individuals in first remission is controversial, but it is unlikely that these results are inferior to results with chemotherapy. Transplants from donors other than HLA-identical siblings are less well investigated but may be a reasonable alternative in young individuals in first relapse or second remission, particularly if recipient and donor share most HLA antigens. Autotransplants are difficult to evaluate critically and should be considered investigational in individuals in second or later remission for whom a suitable donor is unavailable. Autotransplants in first remission should be restricted to controlled clinical trials, since their efficacy is otherwise inevaluable. It is uncertain whether in vitro treatment of the bone marrow is necessary in the context of autotransplantation; again, controlled trials are required. Bone marrow transplantation from an HLA-identical sibling is a useful therapy in individuals with @entity1 who relapse despite chemotherapy. Individuals undergoing transplantation in second or later remission or in relapse have a survival rate superior to those treated with chemotherapy; these data are summarized in Table 5. One important unresolved issue in @entity1 is whether @entity0 with high-risk @entity1 and adults should receive transplants in first remission. This answer will, to a considerable extent, depend on results achieved with chemotherapy alone. If intensive chemotherapy produces 50-70% disease-free survival in these individuals, it is unlikely that transplantation will be superior. If, however, alternative chemotherapy results are inferior, transplantation may be useful. Clearly, controlled clinical trials are needed. Results of transplants from donors other than HLA-identical siblings are less certain but this approach may be considered in selected young individuals who fail chemotherapy. Autotransplants should also be considered in this setting but not in individuals in first remission. It is likewise uncertain if in vitro treatment of the bone marrow is useful; this must be addressed in controlled trials. The data reviewed indicate an important role for bone marrow transplantation in the therapy of the @entity2 . We have attempted to precisely define its use in various disease states.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Bone marrow transplantation in acute XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate at a population level whether @entity2 is a risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and to verify whether or not this is true for both genders at any age. METHODS: This population-based, long-lasting, prospective study includes a 14-year mortality (institutional epidemiology in primary care). Unselected, unbiased subjects (5185) aged 22 to 95 years were recruited from the Italian general population, and divided into normotensive (<140 mm Hg systolic blood pressure [BP] and <90 mm Hg diastolic BP and untreated) and @entity2 groups. The main aim was to identify the significant predictors of mortality due to @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity6 , and to quantify the age-adjusted relative risk of @entity2 in @entity0 and @entity0 , at different age classes (<70, 70 to 79, >or =80 years) for each mortality cause. The analysis was repeated among 1091 normotensive and 1091 @entity2 age-matched subjects to clean statistics from the effects of age. RESULTS: There were 846 cardiovascular deaths, 178 due to @entity1 , 273 to @entity3 , 351 to @entity5 , and 44 to @entity6 . @entity2 predicted @entity1 mortality, but not that due to other causes. This prediction was only significant in @entity0 , not in @entity0 . No prediction was possible after the age of 80 years. Age-matching increased the significance level of @entity1 mortality prediction in @entity0 aged <80 years; in these @entity0 , systolic BP predicted @entity1 mortality directly and diastolic inversely. CONCLUSIONS; In this population, @entity2 predicted @entity1 mortality in @entity0 aged <80 years. High systolic and low diastolic BP were predictive of @entity1 mortality, confirming a prognostic role for high pulse pressure.

title: Arterial XXXX and mortality in the elderly.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein (a) is suggested to cause @entity3 , alteration of elastic arterial properties, and decreased arterial compliance. We investigated the relation of arterial compliance and lipoprotein (a) serum [ @entity5 ] levels in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: Prospective study included 118 consecutive @entity0 with @entity4 . Noninvasive computerized pulse wave analysis was used to measure large and small artery elasticity indices in a nondiseased vessel area. Compliance parameters were correlated to @entity5 levels. Stratified and multivariate analyses were performed to adjust for confounding factors. RESULTS: Small artery elasticity index was inversely correlated with @entity5 serum levels (r = -0.64, P <.001). The association between @entity5 and small artery elasticity index remained significant adjusting for age, sex, @entity1 , smoking, @entity2 , and lipid-lowering medication (r = -0.37, P <.0001). @entity5 accounted for approximately 60% of the variation of small artery compliance in nondiabetic @entity0 (n = 80) (r = -0.76, P <.0001), in @entity1 @entity0 (n = 38) no significant correlation between @entity5 and small artery compliance was observed (r = -0.27, P =.09). No correlation was found between large artery elasticity index and @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Small artery compliance was negatively correlated to @entity5 in nondiabetic @entity0 with @entity4 . Increased @entity5 serum levels might cause @entity3 measurable by decreased small artery elasticity index in these @entity0 . Elastic properties of @entity1 vessels were not directly related to @entity5 serum levels.

title: Relation of small artery compliance and lipoprotein (a) in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein (a) is suggested to cause @entity3 , alteration of elastic arterial properties, and decreased arterial compliance. We investigated the relation of arterial compliance and lipoprotein (a) serum [ @entity5 ] levels in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: Prospective study included 118 consecutive @entity0 with @entity4 . Noninvasive computerized pulse wave analysis was used to measure large and small artery elasticity indices in a nondiseased vessel area. Compliance parameters were correlated to @entity5 levels. Stratified and multivariate analyses were performed to adjust for confounding factors. RESULTS: Small artery elasticity index was inversely correlated with @entity5 serum levels (r = -0.64, P <.001). The association between @entity5 and small artery elasticity index remained significant adjusting for age, sex, @entity1 , smoking, @entity2 , and lipid-lowering medication (r = -0.37, P <.0001). @entity5 accounted for approximately 60% of the variation of small artery compliance in nondiabetic @entity0 (n = 80) (r = -0.76, P <.0001), in @entity1 @entity0 (n = 38) no significant correlation between @entity5 and small artery compliance was observed (r = -0.27, P =.09). No correlation was found between large artery elasticity index and @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Small artery compliance was negatively correlated to @entity5 in nondiabetic @entity0 with @entity4 . Increased @entity5 serum levels might cause @entity3 measurable by decreased small artery elasticity index in these @entity0 . Elastic properties of @entity1 vessels were not directly related to @entity5 serum levels.

title: Relation of small artery compliance and lipoprotein (a) in XXXX with @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Most mutagenesis by UV and many chemicals in @entity1 requires the products of the umuDC operon or an analogous plasmid-derived operon mucAB. Activated RecA protein is also required for, or enhances, this process. MucA and UmuD proteins share homology with the @entity3 protein, suggesting that they might interact with the RecA protein as @entity3 does. We used oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis to alter a site in MucA homologous to the Ala- @entity2 cleavage site of @entity3 . The mutation, termed mucA101( @entity0 26), results in a change of Gly26 of MucA to @entity0 26. A @entity3 ( @entity4 ) recA441 umuC122::Tn5 strain carrying a mucA101( @entity0 26)B+ plasmid did not exhibit the greatly increased frequency of spontaneous mutagenesis in response to RecA activation that a strain carrying a mucA+B+ plasmid did but retained a basal recA-dependent ability to confer increased spontaneous mutagenesis that was independent of the state of RecA activation. These results are consistent with a model in which RecA plays two distinct roles in mutagenesis apart from its role in the cleavage of @entity3 . A pBR322-derived plasmid carrying mucA+B+, but not one carrying mucA101( @entity0 26)B+, inhibited the UV induction of SOS genes, suggesting that MucA+ and MucA( @entity0 26) proteins may have different abilities to compete with @entity3 for activated RecA protein. The spectrum of UV-induced mutagenesis was also altered in strains carrying the mucA101( @entity0 26) mutation. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that activated RecA protein interacts with wild-type MucA protein, possibly promoting proteolytic cleavage, and that this interaction is responsible for facilitating certain mutagenic processes.

title: New phenotypes associated with mucAB: alteration of a MucA sequence homologous to the XXXX cleavage site.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 , @entity3 , and an altered host defense make the @entity1 @entity0 particularly prone to the development of @entity7 . Successful treatment must be directed at these three primary pathologic situations. Since a limb-threatening @entity4 carries a 25% risk of major amputation, early and prompt recognition and reporting of all foot problems are essential. @entity2 requires total rest of the injured part. An altered host defense requires knowledge of the bacteria involved and proper use of antibiotics. It requires strict adherence to sound surgical principles that ensure debridement of all necrotic material and adequate dependent drainage of the wound while conserving as much viable skin and tissue for later revision or conservative amputations. Once @entity5 is controlled, @entity3 extremities can be revascularized. Because of the peculiar nature of the @entity6 , revascularization procedures require the maximum skill and experience of the operating vascular surgeon. After revascularization, revisions or more conservative distal amputations can be achieved. @entity0 and physician education and understanding still remain essential not only to prevention but to successful management of all @entity1 foot-related problems.

title: The XXXX foot: amputations and @entity4 .

answer: @entity1