abstract: The antitumor effects of @entity9 ( @entity9 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 ( @entity4 ), administered separately or in various combinations, on @entity0 @entity1 cells xenotransplanted into BALB/c @entity2 were studied using the protocol of Battelle's Columbus Laboratories (Ovejera et al., 1978). @entity9 (1,000 mg/kg in 2 divided doses) and @entity5 (50 mg/kg) were given intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 7 consecutive days from the time when the @entity1 weighed about 100 mg. @entity4 (2 mg/kg) was given i.p. every other day from the same time. Animals treated with either @entity9 or @entity5 alone displayed @entity1 growth comparable to that seen in untreated controls. In @entity2 treated with @entity9 plus @entity5 with or without @entity4 , or in @entity2 treated only with @entity4 , @entity1 growth was significantly lower than in untreated @entity2 . In the group which received only combined @entity9 / @entity5 there was a rapid regrowth of the @entity1 after termination of therapy. @entity1 putrescine levels decreased within 4 days following the administration of @entity9 ; however, @entity8 levels did not decline with either @entity9 or @entity5 treatment even after 7 days. When combined @entity9 / @entity5 was given, there was a significant decline in @entity8 levels 7 days after the initiation of treatment. In contrast, when @entity4 alone was administered, @entity6 and @entity8 levels in the @entity1 did not differ from those in control @entity2 . @entity7 decreased markedly in @entity1 with the combined administration of @entity9 / @entity5 as well as with combined @entity9 / @entity5 / @entity4 , but decreased only slightly when @entity4 alone or @entity4 plus either @entity9 or @entity5 was administered. By the 7th treatment day, DNA biosynthesis in the @entity1 had dropped markedly in all groups except those receiving @entity9 or @entity5 alone.

title: Antitumor effects of two polyamine antimetabolites combined with XXXX on @entity0 @entity1 cells xenotransplanted into @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The antitumor effects of @entity9 ( @entity9 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 ( @entity4 ), administered separately or in various combinations, on @entity0 @entity1 cells xenotransplanted into BALB/c @entity2 were studied using the protocol of Battelle's Columbus Laboratories (Ovejera et al., 1978). @entity9 (1,000 mg/kg in 2 divided doses) and @entity5 (50 mg/kg) were given intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 7 consecutive days from the time when the @entity1 weighed about 100 mg. @entity4 (2 mg/kg) was given i.p. every other day from the same time. Animals treated with either @entity9 or @entity5 alone displayed @entity1 growth comparable to that seen in untreated controls. In @entity2 treated with @entity9 plus @entity5 with or without @entity4 , or in @entity2 treated only with @entity4 , @entity1 growth was significantly lower than in untreated @entity2 . In the group which received only combined @entity9 / @entity5 there was a rapid regrowth of the @entity1 after termination of therapy. @entity1 putrescine levels decreased within 4 days following the administration of @entity9 ; however, @entity8 levels did not decline with either @entity9 or @entity5 treatment even after 7 days. When combined @entity9 / @entity5 was given, there was a significant decline in @entity8 levels 7 days after the initiation of treatment. In contrast, when @entity4 alone was administered, @entity6 and @entity8 levels in the @entity1 did not differ from those in control @entity2 . @entity7 decreased markedly in @entity1 with the combined administration of @entity9 / @entity5 as well as with combined @entity9 / @entity5 / @entity4 , but decreased only slightly when @entity4 alone or @entity4 plus either @entity9 or @entity5 was administered. By the 7th treatment day, DNA biosynthesis in the @entity1 had dropped markedly in all groups except those receiving @entity9 or @entity5 alone.

title: Antitumor effects of two polyamine antimetabolites combined with @entity3 on @entity0 XXXX cells xenotransplanted into @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The antitumor effects of @entity9 ( @entity9 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 ( @entity4 ), administered separately or in various combinations, on @entity0 @entity1 cells xenotransplanted into BALB/c @entity2 were studied using the protocol of Battelle's Columbus Laboratories (Ovejera et al., 1978). @entity9 (1,000 mg/kg in 2 divided doses) and @entity5 (50 mg/kg) were given intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 7 consecutive days from the time when the @entity1 weighed about 100 mg. @entity4 (2 mg/kg) was given i.p. every other day from the same time. Animals treated with either @entity9 or @entity5 alone displayed @entity1 growth comparable to that seen in untreated controls. In @entity2 treated with @entity9 plus @entity5 with or without @entity4 , or in @entity2 treated only with @entity4 , @entity1 growth was significantly lower than in untreated @entity2 . In the group which received only combined @entity9 / @entity5 there was a rapid regrowth of the @entity1 after termination of therapy. @entity1 putrescine levels decreased within 4 days following the administration of @entity9 ; however, @entity8 levels did not decline with either @entity9 or @entity5 treatment even after 7 days. When combined @entity9 / @entity5 was given, there was a significant decline in @entity8 levels 7 days after the initiation of treatment. In contrast, when @entity4 alone was administered, @entity6 and @entity8 levels in the @entity1 did not differ from those in control @entity2 . @entity7 decreased markedly in @entity1 with the combined administration of @entity9 / @entity5 as well as with combined @entity9 / @entity5 / @entity4 , but decreased only slightly when @entity4 alone or @entity4 plus either @entity9 or @entity5 was administered. By the 7th treatment day, DNA biosynthesis in the @entity1 had dropped markedly in all groups except those receiving @entity9 or @entity5 alone.

title: Antitumor effects of two polyamine antimetabolites combined with @entity3 on @entity0 @entity1 cells xenotransplanted into XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Although both cartilage and synovium are affected in @entity1 ( @entity1 ), no in vitro coculture models of @entity0 @entity1 tissue have been described. The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro model that includes both the synovium and cartilage of @entity0 with knee @entity1 . METHODS: Explants of @entity0 @entity1 cartilage and synovium were cultured alone or in coculture for 21 days. Histologic evaluation and analyses of @entity2 dehydrogenase release, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, content, release, and synthesis of glycosaminoglycan (GAG), and cytokine production were used to evaluate synovial tissue functionality and its effect on cartilage metabolism. To assess the possibility of intervention in the model system, the effect of @entity3 was studied. RESULTS: Throughout the entire culture period, @entity1 synovial tissue remained viable and produced cytokines. Monocultures of synovial and cartilage explants produced different cytokine subsets, with the subsets found in coculture being most similar to those previously described in @entity1 synovial fluid. MMP activity was detectable only in the synovial explant monoculture and in coculture. Cocultures showed a reduction in final GAG content (P < 0.02), attributable to an inhibition of GAG production (P < 0.001) rather than an increase in GAG release. Addition of @entity3 inhibited cytokine production and MMP activity in coculture and synovial tissue monoculture and counteracted the inhibition of GAG production induced by coculture. In cartilage monoculture, however, @entity3 reduced GAG production. CONCLUSION: @entity1 synovium affects cartilage metabolism by reducting GAG production. @entity3 can relieve this effect of synovial tissue, while being inhibitory when added to cartilage monoculture. These results clearly indicate the importance of tissue coculture as a promising tool for studying @entity1 pathophysiology and for development of possible interventions.

title: Osteoarthritic synovial tissue inhibition of proteoglycan production in XXXX osteoarthritic knee cartilage: establishment and characterization of a long-term cartilage-synovium coculture.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors sought to improve the @entity5 of conventional concurrent chemoradiation therapy for @entity2 ( @entity6 ) by using proton-beam therapy to escalate the radiation dose to the @entity2 . They report early results of a phase 2 study of high-dose proton therapy and concurrent chemotherapy in terms of @entity5 , failure patterns, and survival. METHODS: Forty-four @entity0 with @entity2 were treated with 74 grays (radiobiologic equivalent) proton therapy with weekly @entity10 (area under the curve, 2 U) and @entity7 (50 mg/m(2)). Disease was staged with positron emission tomography/computed tomography (CT), and treatments were simulated with 4-dimensional (4D) CT to account for @entity2 motion. Protons were delivered as passively scattered beams, and treatment simulation was repeated during the treatment process to determine the need for adaptive replanning. RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 19.7 months (range, 6.1-44.4 months), and median overall survival time was 29.4 months. No @entity0 experienced grade 4 or 5 proton-related adverse events. The most common nonhematologic grade 3 @entity5 were @entity8 (n = 5), @entity9 (n = 5), and @entity3 (n = 1). Nine (20.5%) @entity0 experienced @entity4 recurrence, but only 4 (9.1%) had isolated local failure. Four (9.1%) @entity0 had regional lymph node recurrence, but only 1 (2.3%) had isolated regional recurrence. Nineteen (43.2%) @entity0 developed distant @entity1 . The overall survival and progression-free survival rates were 86% and 63% at 1 year. CONCLUSIONS: Concurrent high-dose proton therapy and chemotherapy are well tolerated, and the median survival time of 29.4 months is encouraging for unresectable @entity2 .

title: Phase 2 study of high-dose proton therapy with concurrent chemotherapy for unresectable XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is characterized by a nonrandom pattern of chromosome aberrations, but the clinical significance of different cytogenetic patterns is unknown. The present study describes the cytogenetic findings and the clinical course in a cohort of 39 @entity0 with @entity4 . Samples for short-term culturing and cytogenetic analysis were obtained during a 15-year period. Clonal chromosome aberrations were detected in 23 samples from 19 @entity0 . Tumors that relapsed more often showed clonal aberrations than did @entity2 that did not. However, this association my have been due to sampling bias. Among the cases with karyotypically abnormal samples, the modal chromosome number was in the near-diploid range in 10, @entity3 /hypotriploid in 8, and hypodiploid in 1. The most common changes were trisomy 12 and gain of 1q material (8 cases each), trisomy/tetrasomy 8 (7 cases), and trisomy 13 (5 cases). None of these frequently occurring abnormalities, or the ploidy level, showed any association with clinical outcome, using tumor relapse as an end-point. Nor could any relationship between cytogenetic features and histopathologic subtype be discerned. Although the number of informative cases was too small for proper evaluation, the present study did not contradict the previous notion that loss of material from the long arm of chromosome 16 is associated with poor clinical outcome. All three @entity0 with deletion of 16q developed @entity1 .

title: Cytogenetic findings and clinical course in a consecutive series of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: To perform an item analysis of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment ( @entity3 ) versus the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in the prediction of @entity0 , and to examine the characteristics of different @entity3 threshold scores. METHODS: 135 subjects enrolled in a longitudinal clinicopathologic study were administered the @entity3 by a single physician and the MMSE by a trained research assistant. Subjects were classified as cognitively impaired or cognitively normal based on independent neuropsychological testing. RESULTS: 89 subjects were found to be cognitively normal, and 46 cognitively impaired (20 with @entity1 , 26 with mild @entity0 ). The @entity3 was superior in both sensitivity and specificity to the MMSE, although not all @entity3 tasks were of equal predictive value. A @entity3 threshold score of 26 had a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 52% in this population. In a population with a 20% prevalence of @entity0 , a threshold of 24 was optimal (negative predictive value 96%, positive predictive value 47%). CONCLUSION: This analysis suggests the potential for creating an abbreviated @entity3 . For screening in primary care, the @entity3 threshold of 26 appears optimal. For testing in a @entity2 clinic, a lower threshold has better predictive value.

title: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the mini-mental state examination as screening instruments for XXXX : item analyses and threshold scores.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity3 contributes to morbidity, studies of pre- and postoperative nutrition often include well-nourished @entity0 unlikely to benefit from therapy and usually do not stratify by the site of surgical pathology. This study evaluates whether perceived preoperative markers of nutritional status recorded in charts correlates with @entity1 and resource use in @entity0 who receive no preoperative nutrition support and reinterprets the results of several conflicting randomized, prospective studies in this context. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of 526 surgical @entity0 who had preoperative serum @entity2 levels measured and were undergoing elective esophageal, gastric, pancreaticoduodenal, or colon surgery between 1992 and 1996 who could have received preoperative nutrition but did not. RESULTS: Most medical records contained inadequate analysis of preoperative nutritional status, but preoperative @entity2 correlated inversely with complications, length of stay, postoperative stay, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, mortality, and resumption of oral intake. @entity0 undergoing esophageal or pancreatic procedures sustained a significantly higher complication rate at most @entity2 levels, whereas colonic surgery resulted in lower complication rates at the same @entity2 levels. Resource use (eg, length of stay and ICU stay) related to these complication rates; esophageal and pancreatic procedures used the most resources and colon procedures used the fewest at most @entity2 levels. This lack of appreciation for nutritional risk and operative site can explain discrepancies in outcome noted in several randomized, prospective nutritional studies and must be applied to the design and implementation of new studies. CONCLUSIONS: Elective, non-emergent esophageal and pancreatic procedures performed in @entity0 who could have had surgery delayed for preoperative nutrition, but did not, result in higher risk than colon surgery at any given level of serum @entity2 below 3.25 g/dL. @entity0 populations in trials should be stratified by operative site and by markers of nutritional status. Degree of @entity4 and other potential markers of nutritional status may explain many of the discrepancies between trials of nutrition support. Preexisting @entity4 in @entity0 undergoing elective surgery remains underappreciated, unrecognized, and untreated in many hospitalized @entity0 .

title: Preoperative XXXX and surgical site identify surgical risk for major @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity3 contributes to morbidity, studies of pre- and postoperative nutrition often include well-nourished @entity0 unlikely to benefit from therapy and usually do not stratify by the site of surgical pathology. This study evaluates whether perceived preoperative markers of nutritional status recorded in charts correlates with @entity1 and resource use in @entity0 who receive no preoperative nutrition support and reinterprets the results of several conflicting randomized, prospective studies in this context. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of 526 surgical @entity0 who had preoperative serum @entity2 levels measured and were undergoing elective esophageal, gastric, pancreaticoduodenal, or colon surgery between 1992 and 1996 who could have received preoperative nutrition but did not. RESULTS: Most medical records contained inadequate analysis of preoperative nutritional status, but preoperative @entity2 correlated inversely with complications, length of stay, postoperative stay, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, mortality, and resumption of oral intake. @entity0 undergoing esophageal or pancreatic procedures sustained a significantly higher complication rate at most @entity2 levels, whereas colonic surgery resulted in lower complication rates at the same @entity2 levels. Resource use (eg, length of stay and ICU stay) related to these complication rates; esophageal and pancreatic procedures used the most resources and colon procedures used the fewest at most @entity2 levels. This lack of appreciation for nutritional risk and operative site can explain discrepancies in outcome noted in several randomized, prospective nutritional studies and must be applied to the design and implementation of new studies. CONCLUSIONS: Elective, non-emergent esophageal and pancreatic procedures performed in @entity0 who could have had surgery delayed for preoperative nutrition, but did not, result in higher risk than colon surgery at any given level of serum @entity2 below 3.25 g/dL. @entity0 populations in trials should be stratified by operative site and by markers of nutritional status. Degree of @entity4 and other potential markers of nutritional status may explain many of the discrepancies between trials of nutrition support. Preexisting @entity4 in @entity0 undergoing elective surgery remains underappreciated, unrecognized, and untreated in many hospitalized @entity0 .

title: Preoperative @entity2 and surgical site identify surgical risk for major XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the benefit of early addition of corticosteroids to antibiotics in the treatment of @entity5 . DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. @entity0 : Thirty eyes of 30 @entity0 , over the age of 12 years, with @entity5 confirmed by culture. METHODS: @entity0 were randomized before enrollment; 15 were treated with @entity6 (Zymar) and a masked placebo and the other 15 were treated with @entity6 and masked @entity3 0.1% (Maxidex). Primary outcome was residual @entity4 size at 10 weeks based on digital photographs. Secondary outcomes included residual @entity4 area by clinician estimate, visual acuity, VF-14 score, and time to healing. RESULTS: All subjects (n = 30) demonstrated a reduction in @entity4 size over the study period. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of the primary outcome. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups in 1 of the secondary outcomes. The mean residual @entity4 size compared with the baseline by clinician estimate (slit-lamp) was -0.789 mm2 for the antibiotic-only group and -4.206 mm2 for the antibiotic- @entity1 group (p = 0.05). Among the other secondary outcomes there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: No benefit was demonstrated in our primary outcome for using @entity2 in combination with antibiotic therapy in treatment of @entity5 . This study suggests that the early addition of @entity2 to the antibiotic treatment of @entity5 does not seem to be harmful when employed in a closely monitored clinical setting.

title: Comparison of antibiotic-only and antibiotic- @entity1 combination treatment in corneal XXXX @entity0 : double-blinded randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the benefit of early addition of corticosteroids to antibiotics in the treatment of @entity5 . DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. @entity0 : Thirty eyes of 30 @entity0 , over the age of 12 years, with @entity5 confirmed by culture. METHODS: @entity0 were randomized before enrollment; 15 were treated with @entity6 (Zymar) and a masked placebo and the other 15 were treated with @entity6 and masked @entity3 0.1% (Maxidex). Primary outcome was residual @entity4 size at 10 weeks based on digital photographs. Secondary outcomes included residual @entity4 area by clinician estimate, visual acuity, VF-14 score, and time to healing. RESULTS: All subjects (n = 30) demonstrated a reduction in @entity4 size over the study period. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of the primary outcome. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups in 1 of the secondary outcomes. The mean residual @entity4 size compared with the baseline by clinician estimate (slit-lamp) was -0.789 mm2 for the antibiotic-only group and -4.206 mm2 for the antibiotic- @entity1 group (p = 0.05). Among the other secondary outcomes there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: No benefit was demonstrated in our primary outcome for using @entity2 in combination with antibiotic therapy in treatment of @entity5 . This study suggests that the early addition of @entity2 to the antibiotic treatment of @entity5 does not seem to be harmful when employed in a closely monitored clinical setting.

title: Comparison of antibiotic-only and antibiotic- XXXX combination treatment in corneal @entity4 @entity0 : double-blinded randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the benefit of early addition of corticosteroids to antibiotics in the treatment of @entity5 . DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. @entity0 : Thirty eyes of 30 @entity0 , over the age of 12 years, with @entity5 confirmed by culture. METHODS: @entity0 were randomized before enrollment; 15 were treated with @entity6 (Zymar) and a masked placebo and the other 15 were treated with @entity6 and masked @entity3 0.1% (Maxidex). Primary outcome was residual @entity4 size at 10 weeks based on digital photographs. Secondary outcomes included residual @entity4 area by clinician estimate, visual acuity, VF-14 score, and time to healing. RESULTS: All subjects (n = 30) demonstrated a reduction in @entity4 size over the study period. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in terms of the primary outcome. There was a significant difference between the 2 groups in 1 of the secondary outcomes. The mean residual @entity4 size compared with the baseline by clinician estimate (slit-lamp) was -0.789 mm2 for the antibiotic-only group and -4.206 mm2 for the antibiotic- @entity1 group (p = 0.05). Among the other secondary outcomes there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: No benefit was demonstrated in our primary outcome for using @entity2 in combination with antibiotic therapy in treatment of @entity5 . This study suggests that the early addition of @entity2 to the antibiotic treatment of @entity5 does not seem to be harmful when employed in a closely monitored clinical setting.

title: Comparison of antibiotic-only and antibiotic- @entity1 combination treatment in corneal @entity4 XXXX : double-blinded randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether case-mix and health utilization disparities exist between Medicaid enrollees within a Michigan managed care organization (MCO) who selected primary care providers (PCPs) affiliated with a major @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and enrollees who selected community providers. STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study using cost estimates obtained from claims data and based on a standardized Medicaid fee schedule. METHODS: We established the prevalence of 25 high-cost chronic medical conditions from the claims data for capitated Medicaid enrollees from January 1, 1997, through October 31, 1999. We assessed differences in healthcare cost estimates per member for Medicaid enrollees at @entity2 primary care sites versus other community sites using t tests and linear regressions, including analyses stratified for Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) programs. RESULTS: Enrollees with @entity2 providers had a much higher cumulative prevalence of the 25 high-cost chronic medical conditions (95.6 per 1000 enrollees versus 65.6 per 1000; P < .001), and virtually all of this difference was confined to @entity1 enrollees. Estimated total costs were also higher for @entity1 Medicaid enrollees at the @entity2 sites than for those at community sites. The average total services and pharmacy cost estimates per @entity1 member were  1219 higher per member per year at the @entity2 sites (P < .001), primarily from costs of inpatient hospitalizations. Regression analyses demonstrated that differences in the prevalence of the 25 high-cost chronic medical conditions accounted for about 50% of the cost differences observed between sites. These analyses suggest that at least half of the observed cost disparity was due to adverse selection. CONCLUSIONS: This study found both significant case-mix and cost disparities for @entity1 @entity0 , suggesting that @entity2 primary care sites experienced substantial adverse selection. Unless approaches to account for adverse selection are put in place, this phenomenon could jeopardize @entity1 Medicaid recipients' ongoing access to needed medical care.

title: Medicaid managed care: are academic medical centers penalized by attracting XXXX with high-cost conditions?

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare systemic complications between standard surgery and endovascular repair of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) for both primary and late secondary procedures. METHODS: At a single center between July 1993 and May 2000, 297 @entity0 (255 @entity0 ; mean age 73.4 +/- 8.1 years, range 50-93) were treated with open surgical repair; beginning in 1996, 200 (166 @entity0 ; mean age 73.6 +/- 8.0 years, range 45-96) @entity0 were treated with the AneuRx stent-graft. In a comparison of the cohorts, which were similar in terms of age, gender, and @entity1 diameter, the main outcomes were early major systemic morbidity following the primary procedure to treat the @entity1 and late (>30 days) organ system morbidity for any secondary procedures. RESULTS: Mean length of follow-up for open @entity0 was 20.1 +/- 17.1 months (range 1-150) compared to 12.4 +/- 9.6 months (range 1-60) after endovascular repair (p<0.05). There were 36 (12.1%) systemic complications after the primary open surgery and 15 (7.5%) after endovascular repair (p=NS). There were 43 (14.5%) combined primary and secondary morbidities in the open surgery group versus 15 (7.5%) for @entity0 undergoing endovascular repair (p<0.01). The need for invasive procedures to treat these primary and secondary systemic complications was 4 times greater in the open group (17, 5.7%) than in endograft @entity0 (3, 1.5%) (p<0.05). After secondary procedures (32 in the open group and 30 in the endovascular @entity0 ) for graft-related complications, there were 7 (21.9%) adverse events in the open group versus none (0%) for endograft @entity0 (p<0.01). Hospital lengths of stay following both primary and secondary procedures were lower for the endograft @entity0 (p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Endovascular stent-graft repair compared to open surgery has reduced the early and late morbidity by half. Complications that require invasive or secondary surgical procedures and hospitalization are reduced with endovascular repair.

title: Endovascular repair reduces early and late morbidity compared to open surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Cardiac structural adaptations in response to physical growth and @entity1 in older @entity0 have been identified and might have long-term consequences. We examined the associations of growth and @entity1 with @entity3 during the first 2 years of life. In a population-based prospective cohort study among 974 @entity0 , left atrial diameter, left ventricular diastolic diameter, left ventricular mass, aortic root diameter, and fractional shortening were repeatedly measured by ultrasound at the ages of 1.5, 6, and 24 months. Height, weight, and subcutaneous fat mass were measured at the same visits, and blood pressure was measured at the age of 24 months. Height, weight, body mass index, and body surface area were positively associated with all of the @entity3 during the first 2 years of life. At the age of 24 months, as compared with normal weight @entity0 , @entity1 @entity0 had a greater left ventricular mass (1.04 SD score [95% CI: 0.20 to 1.89]) and a higher fractional shortening (0.91 SD score [95% CI: 0.02 to 1.80]). Nonsignificant tendencies were found for left atrial diameter, left ventricular diastolic diameter, and aortic root diameter. Our results suggest that normal variation in growth affects @entity3 in early life. Overweight and @entity1 @entity0 show cardiac adaptations already at the age of 2 years. Further studies are needed to assess whether these structural adaptations influence the risk of @entity2 in later life.

title: Growth, XXXX , and @entity3 in early childhood: the Generation R Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Cardiac structural adaptations in response to physical growth and @entity1 in older @entity0 have been identified and might have long-term consequences. We examined the associations of growth and @entity1 with @entity3 during the first 2 years of life. In a population-based prospective cohort study among 974 @entity0 , left atrial diameter, left ventricular diastolic diameter, left ventricular mass, aortic root diameter, and fractional shortening were repeatedly measured by ultrasound at the ages of 1.5, 6, and 24 months. Height, weight, and subcutaneous fat mass were measured at the same visits, and blood pressure was measured at the age of 24 months. Height, weight, body mass index, and body surface area were positively associated with all of the @entity3 during the first 2 years of life. At the age of 24 months, as compared with normal weight @entity0 , @entity1 @entity0 had a greater left ventricular mass (1.04 SD score [95% CI: 0.20 to 1.89]) and a higher fractional shortening (0.91 SD score [95% CI: 0.02 to 1.80]). Nonsignificant tendencies were found for left atrial diameter, left ventricular diastolic diameter, and aortic root diameter. Our results suggest that normal variation in growth affects @entity3 in early life. Overweight and @entity1 @entity0 show cardiac adaptations already at the age of 2 years. Further studies are needed to assess whether these structural adaptations influence the risk of @entity2 in later life.

title: Growth, @entity1 , and XXXX in early childhood: the Generation R Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess and validate the clinical features predisposing to stent-graft migration and to calculate the distal displacement forces exerted at the proximal fixation site following endovascular @entity3 repair (EVAR). METHODS: Demographic, anatomical, and graft-related features from 2862 @entity0 were analyzed in a regression model to identify variables associated with stent-graft migration, which was defined as device movement >5 mm or considered significant by the investigator. Using the principles of continuity and momentum, a mathematical model of blood flow was created. The pulse pressure, proximal aortic and distal iliac diameters, and the degree of iliac angulation were varied in the calculations, and the distal displacement force exerted at the proximal fixation site was calculated. RESULTS: Ninety-nine @entity0 developed stent-graft migration, which was clinically relevant in 85 (3.0%). @entity1 (p=0.015), smoking (p=0.009), maximal aortic diameter (p=0.004), and distal transverse aortic diameter (p=0.03) correlated with migration in the univariate analysis, but iliac angulation did not quite achieve significance (p=0.06). On multivariate analysis, current smoking, @entity1 , distal transverse aortic diameter, maximum common iliac diameter, and increasing proximal graft size were significantly associated with stent-graft migration. The mathematical model calculated the distal displacement force exerted on the proximal fixation site of the stent-graft and validated the clinical findings. The ratio of graft-diameter change from proximal aorta to distal iliac influenced the greatest increase in the displacement force. CONCLUSIONS: The mathematical model validated @entity1 , @entity2 morphology, and endograft size as clinical factors significantly associated with stent-graft migration. These findings may have important implications for the choice and design of future stent-grafts.

title: Factors and forces influencing stent-graft migration after endovascular XXXX repair.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A boxed-warning in antidepressant labeling now informs prescribers of the potential for treatment-emergent suicidality to occur. Consequently, alternative "natural" antidepressant therapies widely viewed to be devoid of this risk, such as St. John's wort (SJW) and @entity3 (SAM-e), may experience a resurgence in popularity and expansion of use beyond mild forms of @entity2 . The purpose of this article is to critically assess whether the clinical evidence supports the use of SJW and SAM-e as alternatives to conventional antidepressants in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). In addition, this article evaluates whether the behavioral adverse event profiles of SJW and SAM-e suggest an increased risk for suicidality, like their conventional counterparts. METHODS: A comprehensive literature review was performed (Jan 1975-July 2010) to identify all English language reports of placebo-controlled studies of SJW and SAM-e conducted for @entity1 indications. @entity2 studies were categorized as "positive" or "negative" based on statistical superiority to placebo on prospectively-defined, primary, clinician-rated efficacy parameters (e.g., change in Hamilton @entity2 scores [HAM-D] or Montgomery-Asberg @entity2 Rating Scale [MADRS] total). Treatment effect size (Cohen's d) was also calculated in each case to assess the clinical relevance of the findings. Behavioral-related adverse events were summarized by treatment. RESULTS: Ten of 14 (71%) SJW studies in mild-to-moderate @entity2 were positive. The mean and median effect sizes for HAM-D change in those studies were 0.64 and 0.48, respectively, indicative of a moderately-large treatment effect. In the few studies that included @entity0 with severe symptoms, however, or which evaluated long-term maintenance of effect, SJW did not differentiate from placebo. The majority of SAM-e studies in @entity2 were also positive (8/14, 57%); however, most were methodologically flawed to some extent. Based on the magnitude of the treatment-effect size in a number of positive studies, SJW appears to be useful for the short-term treatment of mild-to-moderate @entity2 in adults. Existing data do not support the use of SJW in more severely depressed individuals. The SAM-e clinical data also are strongly suggestive of antidepressant efficacy; however, until more rigorously generated data become available it is not possible to reach a more definitive conclusion. There are no long-term treatment data that convincingly demonstrate long-term maintenance of effect for either product. The reviewed studies did not reveal evidence of treatment-emergent suicidality, suggesting that this risk for either product is low. However, the studies examined were not prospectively designed to detect such events and therefore were likely unable to reliably assess this risk.

title: St. John's wort and XXXX as "natural" alternatives to conventional antidepressants in the era of the suicidality boxed warning: what is the evidence for clinically relevant benefit?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aortic elastic properties have been shown to be an important predictor of @entity1 and mortality. @entity2 was shown to be an important cause of impaired aortic elastic properties both due to the direct effect of the thyroid hormones on the aorta and also due to modulating effects of thyroid hormones on the vascular renin angiotensin system. However, there is no study investigating the aortic elastic properties in Graves's @entity0 who were euthyroid. The goal of the present study was to investigate the aortic elastic properties of @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) who had been euthyroid for at least 3 months. @entity0 AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed on 47 @entity4 @entity0 and 27 controls. @entity3 , aortic strain, aortic distensibility, and @entity3 indices were calculated from the diameter of the thoracic aorta as measured by transthoracic echocardiography. RESULTS: The @entity3 index was markedly increased (31    26 vs. 17    8.9; p = 0.015) and aortic strain was markedly reduced (20.3    10 % vs. 25.9    12 %; p = 0.046) in the @entity4 group relative to the control group. Aortic distensibility was statistically significantly decreased in the @entity4 group as compared to the control group (9.5    5.7 10(-3)/kPa vs. 13.5    7.1 10(-3)/kPa; p = 0.022). Weak correlations were detected between @entity4 severity and aortic distensibility (r = -0.333, p = 0.011) as well as the @entity3 index (r = 0.266, p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: Aortic elastic properties were impaired in @entity0 with @entity4 . Therefore, @entity0 with @entity4 , especially those with severe manifestations of the condition, should be followed closely with regard to the occurrence of future cardiovascular events.

title: Aortic elastic properties are impaired in XXXX with Graves' ophtalmopathy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate retrospectively our initial clinical experience of agitation thrombolysis and @entity2 in the treatment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in @entity0 with fresh inferior vena cava (IVC) @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Between August 2004 and March 2009, a total of 12 @entity5 @entity0 with fresh IVC @entity3 were treated with agitation thrombolysis and @entity2 . Color Doppler ultrasound results, as well as mortality, morbidity, and the clinical outcomes were evaluated immediately after the treatment and at one week and 1, 3, 6, 12 months after the procedure and then annually thereafter. RESULTS: Agitation thrombolysis and @entity2 were technically successful in all @entity0 , without immediate procedural complications. The inferior vena cavagrams after the procedure demonstrated complete resolution of the IVC thrombi without @entity4 and full patency of the obstructed IVC. Thirty-day mortality was nil. Clinical success was observed in all @entity0 respectively one month after the procedure. As of February 2010, the mean (   SD) follow-up period for the color Doppler ultrasound procedure was 21.7    8.9 months (range, 12 - 32 months). All @entity0 showed complete patency of the treated IVC without @entity3 , @entity1 , or reobstruction, and all @entity0 are alive with resolution of the symptoms at the time of this report. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results suggest that agitation thrombolysis and @entity2 may be a feasible approach for @entity0 with @entity5 and fresh IVC @entity3 . However, larger studies are warranted to confirm these results.

title: @entity5 with fresh @entity3 : agitation thrombolysis and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate retrospectively our initial clinical experience of agitation thrombolysis and @entity2 in the treatment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in @entity0 with fresh inferior vena cava (IVC) @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Between August 2004 and March 2009, a total of 12 @entity5 @entity0 with fresh IVC @entity3 were treated with agitation thrombolysis and @entity2 . Color Doppler ultrasound results, as well as mortality, morbidity, and the clinical outcomes were evaluated immediately after the treatment and at one week and 1, 3, 6, 12 months after the procedure and then annually thereafter. RESULTS: Agitation thrombolysis and @entity2 were technically successful in all @entity0 , without immediate procedural complications. The inferior vena cavagrams after the procedure demonstrated complete resolution of the IVC thrombi without @entity4 and full patency of the obstructed IVC. Thirty-day mortality was nil. Clinical success was observed in all @entity0 respectively one month after the procedure. As of February 2010, the mean (   SD) follow-up period for the color Doppler ultrasound procedure was 21.7    8.9 months (range, 12 - 32 months). All @entity0 showed complete patency of the treated IVC without @entity3 , @entity1 , or reobstruction, and all @entity0 are alive with resolution of the symptoms at the time of this report. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results suggest that agitation thrombolysis and @entity2 may be a feasible approach for @entity0 with @entity5 and fresh IVC @entity3 . However, larger studies are warranted to confirm these results.

title: XXXX with fresh @entity3 : agitation thrombolysis and @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate retrospectively our initial clinical experience of agitation thrombolysis and @entity2 in the treatment of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in @entity0 with fresh inferior vena cava (IVC) @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Between August 2004 and March 2009, a total of 12 @entity5 @entity0 with fresh IVC @entity3 were treated with agitation thrombolysis and @entity2 . Color Doppler ultrasound results, as well as mortality, morbidity, and the clinical outcomes were evaluated immediately after the treatment and at one week and 1, 3, 6, 12 months after the procedure and then annually thereafter. RESULTS: Agitation thrombolysis and @entity2 were technically successful in all @entity0 , without immediate procedural complications. The inferior vena cavagrams after the procedure demonstrated complete resolution of the IVC thrombi without @entity4 and full patency of the obstructed IVC. Thirty-day mortality was nil. Clinical success was observed in all @entity0 respectively one month after the procedure. As of February 2010, the mean (   SD) follow-up period for the color Doppler ultrasound procedure was 21.7    8.9 months (range, 12 - 32 months). All @entity0 showed complete patency of the treated IVC without @entity3 , @entity1 , or reobstruction, and all @entity0 are alive with resolution of the symptoms at the time of this report. CONCLUSIONS: Our preliminary results suggest that agitation thrombolysis and @entity2 may be a feasible approach for @entity0 with @entity5 and fresh IVC @entity3 . However, larger studies are warranted to confirm these results.

title: @entity5 with fresh XXXX : agitation thrombolysis and @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Mechanisms underlying the relationship between exercise and mood are not well understood. This study sought to investigate the role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and autonomic balance in determining the impact of exercise withdrawal on negative mood. Healthy @entity0 and @entity0 who regularly exercised (N  =  26, mean age  =  25.5 years, SD  =  4.5 years) were randomised to exercise withdrawal or exercise maintenance for 2 weeks. Protocol adherence was monitored using accelerometers. Inflammatory markers from plasma ( @entity3 , @entity3 ; @entity1 @entity2 factor-alpha; @entity4 ; and @entity5 ), heart-rate variability (HRV) and measures of mood (General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ) and the Profile of Mood States (POMS)) were assessed at study entry and at 2-week follow-up. Exercise withdrawal resulted in significant increases in negative mood over time on both the GHQ (p  =  0.028) and the POMS (p  =  0.005). Following the intervention, @entity3 concentration was lower in the exercise withdrawal than exercise maintenance condition (p  =  0.05). No intervention effects were observed for other cytokines or HRV. The mood changes were significantly related to changes in @entity3 concentration (b  =  -  0.50, p  =  0.011), indicating that reduction in @entity3 was related to increased negative mood. Our results are consistent with positive effects of exercise on mental health, but further research on inflammatory pathways is warranted.

title: The effects of exercise withdrawal on mood and inflammatory cytokine responses in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Case reports and short-term clinical trials have suggested that treatment for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) may lead to improvement of @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to measure liver @entity4 in @entity0 diagnosed with advanced @entity1 or @entity1 prior to prolonged treatment with @entity3 or @entity2 analogs (NUCs) for @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 with @entity5 and advanced @entity1 or @entity1 prior to treatment with NUCs for at least 1 year were offered inclusion in the study. We measured liver @entity4 using transient elastography (TE) at follow-up. TE cut-off levels to Metavir classification for @entity1 stage F2, F3 and F4 were >= 7.2 kPa, >= 8.1, and >= 11.0 kPa, respectively. RESULTS: Among 66 @entity0 with a successful TE examination at follow-up, 53 @entity0 (80%) had @entity1 and 13 had (20%) advanced @entity1 (F3) prior to treatment. Median treatment duration was 50.5 months. Among @entity0 with @entity1 prior to treatment, 26 (49%) had liver @entity4 below 11.0 kPa at follow-up, suggesting regression of @entity1 . Among @entity0 with advanced @entity1 (F3) prior to treatment, 10 (77%) had liver @entity4 below 8.1 kPa after treatment, suggesting improvement of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Transient elastography examinations demonstrate that prolonged treatment with NUCs in @entity0 with @entity5 results in low liver @entity4 , suggesting regression of @entity1 in a majority of @entity0 with advanced @entity1 or @entity1 .

title: Low liver @entity4 among cirrhotic @entity0 with hepatitis B after prolonged treatment with XXXX analogs.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Case reports and short-term clinical trials have suggested that treatment for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) may lead to improvement of @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to measure liver @entity4 in @entity0 diagnosed with advanced @entity1 or @entity1 prior to prolonged treatment with @entity3 or @entity2 analogs (NUCs) for @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 with @entity5 and advanced @entity1 or @entity1 prior to treatment with NUCs for at least 1 year were offered inclusion in the study. We measured liver @entity4 using transient elastography (TE) at follow-up. TE cut-off levels to Metavir classification for @entity1 stage F2, F3 and F4 were >= 7.2 kPa, >= 8.1, and >= 11.0 kPa, respectively. RESULTS: Among 66 @entity0 with a successful TE examination at follow-up, 53 @entity0 (80%) had @entity1 and 13 had (20%) advanced @entity1 (F3) prior to treatment. Median treatment duration was 50.5 months. Among @entity0 with @entity1 prior to treatment, 26 (49%) had liver @entity4 below 11.0 kPa at follow-up, suggesting regression of @entity1 . Among @entity0 with advanced @entity1 (F3) prior to treatment, 10 (77%) had liver @entity4 below 8.1 kPa after treatment, suggesting improvement of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Transient elastography examinations demonstrate that prolonged treatment with NUCs in @entity0 with @entity5 results in low liver @entity4 , suggesting regression of @entity1 in a majority of @entity0 with advanced @entity1 or @entity1 .

title: Low liver XXXX among cirrhotic @entity0 with hepatitis B after prolonged treatment with @entity3 analogs.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Case reports and short-term clinical trials have suggested that treatment for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) may lead to improvement of @entity1 . The aim of the present study was to measure liver @entity4 in @entity0 diagnosed with advanced @entity1 or @entity1 prior to prolonged treatment with @entity3 or @entity2 analogs (NUCs) for @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 with @entity5 and advanced @entity1 or @entity1 prior to treatment with NUCs for at least 1 year were offered inclusion in the study. We measured liver @entity4 using transient elastography (TE) at follow-up. TE cut-off levels to Metavir classification for @entity1 stage F2, F3 and F4 were >= 7.2 kPa, >= 8.1, and >= 11.0 kPa, respectively. RESULTS: Among 66 @entity0 with a successful TE examination at follow-up, 53 @entity0 (80%) had @entity1 and 13 had (20%) advanced @entity1 (F3) prior to treatment. Median treatment duration was 50.5 months. Among @entity0 with @entity1 prior to treatment, 26 (49%) had liver @entity4 below 11.0 kPa at follow-up, suggesting regression of @entity1 . Among @entity0 with advanced @entity1 (F3) prior to treatment, 10 (77%) had liver @entity4 below 8.1 kPa after treatment, suggesting improvement of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Transient elastography examinations demonstrate that prolonged treatment with NUCs in @entity0 with @entity5 results in low liver @entity4 , suggesting regression of @entity1 in a majority of @entity0 with advanced @entity1 or @entity1 .

title: Low liver @entity4 among cirrhotic XXXX with hepatitis B after prolonged treatment with @entity3 analogs.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Patterns of somatic mutation in IgE genes from allergic individuals have been a focus of study for many years, but IgE sequences have never been reported from parasitized individuals. To study the role of antigen selection in the evolution of the anti-parasite response, we therefore generated 118 IgE sequences from donors living in Papua New Guinea (PNG), an area of endemic @entity1 . For comparison, we also generated IgG1, IgG2, @entity0 and IgG4 sequences from these donors, as well as IgG1 sequences from Australian donors. IgE sequences had, on average, 23.0 mutations. PNG IgG sequences had average mutation levels that varied from 17.7 ( @entity0 ) to 27.1 (IgG4). Mean mutation levels correlated significantly with the position of their genes in the constant region gene locus ( @entity0 < IgG1 < IgG2 < IgG4). Interestingly, given the heavy, life-long antigen burden experienced by PNG villagers, average mutation levels in IgG sequences were little different to that seen in Australian IgG1 sequences (19.2). Patterns of mutation provide clear evidence of antigen selection in many IgG sequences. The percentage of IgG sequences that showed significant accumulations of replacement mutations in the complementarity determining regions ranged from 22% of @entity0 sequences to 39% of IgG2 sequences. By contrast, only 12% of IgE sequences had such evidence of antigen selection, and this was significantly less than in PNG IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 subclass sequences (P < 0.01). The anti-parasite IgE response therefore has the reduced evidence of antigen selection that has previously been reported in studies of IgE sequences from allergic individuals.

title: IgE sequences in individuals living in an area of endemic XXXX show little mutational evidence of antigen selection.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To assess the cognitive function and language ability in @entity0 with benign partial @entity1 with centrotemporal spikes. METHODS: Twenty-five @entity0 with benign partial @entity1 with centrotemporal spikes were included. They were divided into two subgroups. Group I: 10 @entity0 with rolandic focus who were not treated. Group II: 15 @entity0 with rolandic focus receiving treatment. A third Group of 12 healthy subjects have been studied. All @entity0 underwent standardized neuropsychological testing: electroencephalogram recording, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for @entity0 -revised, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-III (PPVT-III) and Boston Naming Test (BNT), both during active disease (T1) and 2 years after recovery from @entity1 (T2). RESULTS: At T1 evaluation, no significant differences in group I and II @entity0 about general intelligence, when compared with controls, were found. Group I and II @entity0 were impaired with respect to controls in the receptive and expressive vocabulary evaluated with PCVT-III and BNT, respectively. At T2 evaluation, group I and II @entity0 showed a normalization of the @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Deficits of speech-related abilities can be detected in @entity0 with this type of @entity1 : these dysfunctions seem to be independent of the effects of antiepileptic treatment and are reversible after remission of @entity1 .

title: Cognitive and linguistic abnormalities in benign childhood XXXX with centrotemporal spikes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The proximal promoter sequences contain basic motifs for the expression of the downstream genes. We present genome-scale computational analyses of the 120-bp immediate upstream sequences to the +1 transcription start sites (TSSs) of 10,117 @entity0 protein-coding genes, and unravel exceptional genes in respect with the core promoter @entity3 composition. Our data reveal that while in 99% of the genes the absolute @entity9 / @entity8 ratio ranges between 0.2 and 2.5, certain genes show exceptional skew in this balance (e.g. ratios of 82.3 in @entity11 , 61.5 in @entity10 , and 24.0 in @entity12 ), and consist of islands of @entity5 or @entity6 . Furthermore, while over 95% of the genes lack more than one short tandem repeat (STR) in their core promoters, certain gene promoters are exceptionally rich in multiple STRs (e.g. eight consecutive STRs in @entity13 , and six STRs in @entity7 ). We found sequence bias for the majority of those promoters across species, supporting functional roles for them in gene expression. Genes downstream to those promoters were also found to be of ontologic importance (i.e. we were able to track the majority of those genes to the lower species such as @entity2 and @entity4 ). The exceptional promoters presented in this study lack the conventional motifs for the TATA, and TATA-less promoters, hence offering novel mechanisms for gene expression. They may also provide potential mechanisms for inter-individual variations in gene expression, and @entity1 .

title: Exceptional @entity0 core promoter XXXX compositions.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The proximal promoter sequences contain basic motifs for the expression of the downstream genes. We present genome-scale computational analyses of the 120-bp immediate upstream sequences to the +1 transcription start sites (TSSs) of 10,117 @entity0 protein-coding genes, and unravel exceptional genes in respect with the core promoter @entity3 composition. Our data reveal that while in 99% of the genes the absolute @entity9 / @entity8 ratio ranges between 0.2 and 2.5, certain genes show exceptional skew in this balance (e.g. ratios of 82.3 in @entity11 , 61.5 in @entity10 , and 24.0 in @entity12 ), and consist of islands of @entity5 or @entity6 . Furthermore, while over 95% of the genes lack more than one short tandem repeat (STR) in their core promoters, certain gene promoters are exceptionally rich in multiple STRs (e.g. eight consecutive STRs in @entity13 , and six STRs in @entity7 ). We found sequence bias for the majority of those promoters across species, supporting functional roles for them in gene expression. Genes downstream to those promoters were also found to be of ontologic importance (i.e. we were able to track the majority of those genes to the lower species such as @entity2 and @entity4 ). The exceptional promoters presented in this study lack the conventional motifs for the TATA, and TATA-less promoters, hence offering novel mechanisms for gene expression. They may also provide potential mechanisms for inter-individual variations in gene expression, and @entity1 .

title: Exceptional XXXX core promoter @entity3 compositions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To describe long-term clinical and imaging results focusing on the uninstrumented lumbar spine after posterior spinal fusion for @entity5 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although previous studies found rates of @entity7 after long fusion for @entity5 which are comparable to rates found in the general population, many surgeons believe that the long lever arm associated with the fusion mass will result in increased stress at uninstrumented caudal intervertebral discs and accelerated degenerative changes. METHODS: This is a retrospective chart and imaging review of @entity5 @entity0 treated with posterior fusion and segmental instrumentation. @entity0 completed follow-up examination, outcome questionnaires, radiographs, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MR images were scored for evidence of @entity4 of lumbar discs below the level of the fusion. RESULTS: Twenty @entity0 participated in the study, providing 90 discs below fusions for evaluation. The average follow-up was 11.8 years. The distal level of fixation was at L1 on average. The major curve averaged 55      11   before surgery and was corrected to 25      10   at follow-up. Follow-up MR imaging demonstrated new disc pathology in 85% of @entity0 enrolled. Only one @entity0 demonstrated significant @entity3 at the junctional level, whereas most pathology was seen at the L5-S1 disc. The average Pfirrmann grade at uninstrumented levels deteriorated from 1.1 before surgery to 1.8 at follow-up. The greatest degree of @entity4 was seen at the L5-S1 disc space where average degenerative scores increased from 1.2 before surgery to 2.3 after surgery. Three @entity0 with severe @entity1 were taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for @entity2 , but no narcotics. Only mild @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and Oswestry changes were noted in this severe @entity4 group. CONCLUSION: Despite demonstrating an accelerated rate of L5-S1 @entity8 , our study group has good functional scores and maintenance of correction over 10 years postfusion. In this long-term MR imaging follow-up study, @entity8 was found remote to the lowest instrumented @entity9 .

title: Long-term magnetic resonance imaging follow-up demonstrates minimal transitional level lumbar @entity8 after posterior spine fusion for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE: To describe long-term clinical and imaging results focusing on the uninstrumented lumbar spine after posterior spinal fusion for @entity5 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Although previous studies found rates of @entity7 after long fusion for @entity5 which are comparable to rates found in the general population, many surgeons believe that the long lever arm associated with the fusion mass will result in increased stress at uninstrumented caudal intervertebral discs and accelerated degenerative changes. METHODS: This is a retrospective chart and imaging review of @entity5 @entity0 treated with posterior fusion and segmental instrumentation. @entity0 completed follow-up examination, outcome questionnaires, radiographs, and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MR images were scored for evidence of @entity4 of lumbar discs below the level of the fusion. RESULTS: Twenty @entity0 participated in the study, providing 90 discs below fusions for evaluation. The average follow-up was 11.8 years. The distal level of fixation was at L1 on average. The major curve averaged 55      11   before surgery and was corrected to 25      10   at follow-up. Follow-up MR imaging demonstrated new disc pathology in 85% of @entity0 enrolled. Only one @entity0 demonstrated significant @entity3 at the junctional level, whereas most pathology was seen at the L5-S1 disc. The average Pfirrmann grade at uninstrumented levels deteriorated from 1.1 before surgery to 1.8 at follow-up. The greatest degree of @entity4 was seen at the L5-S1 disc space where average degenerative scores increased from 1.2 before surgery to 2.3 after surgery. Three @entity0 with severe @entity1 were taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for @entity2 , but no narcotics. Only mild @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and Oswestry changes were noted in this severe @entity4 group. CONCLUSION: Despite demonstrating an accelerated rate of L5-S1 @entity8 , our study group has good functional scores and maintenance of correction over 10 years postfusion. In this long-term MR imaging follow-up study, @entity8 was found remote to the lowest instrumented @entity9 .

title: Long-term magnetic resonance imaging follow-up demonstrates minimal transitional level lumbar XXXX after posterior spine fusion for @entity5 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: The potential prognostic value of several commonly investigated immunohistochemical markers in resected @entity5 is variably reported. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of literature evaluating @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) expression as prognostic factors in resected @entity5 and to conduct a subsequent meta-analysis to quantify the overall prognostic effect. METHODS: Relevant literature was identified using Medline, EMBASE and ISI Web of Science. The primary end point was overall survival assessed on univariate analysis. Only studies analysing resected @entity5 were eligible for inclusion and the summary log(e) hazard ratio (logHR) and variance were pooled using an inverse variance approach. Evidence of heterogeneity was evaluated using the   (2) test for heterogeneity and its impact on the meta-analysis was assessed by the I(2) statisic. Hazard ratios greater than one reflect adverse survival associated with positive immunostaining. RESULTS: @entity1 emerged as the most potentially informative prognostic marker (11 eligible studies, n=767, HR=1.51 (95% confidence interval, CI=1.18-1.92)) with no evidence of any significant publication bias (Egger's test, P=0.269). @entity3 (5 eligible studies, n=314, HR=0.51 (95% CI=0.38-0.68)), @entity4 (5 studies, n=274, HR=0.63 (95% CI=0.48-0.83)) and @entity7 (3 studies, n=229, HR=0.63 (95% CI=0.43-0.92)) also returned significant overall survival differences, but in smaller @entity0 series due to a lack of evaluable literature. Neither @entity6 (17 studies, n=925, HR=1.22 (95% CI=0.96-1.56)), @entity8 (5 studies, n=540, HR=0.88 (95% CI=0.61-1.27)) nor @entity2 (4 studies, n=250, HR=1.35 (95% CI=0.80-2.27)) was found to represent significant prognostic factors when analysing the pooled @entity0 data. There was evidence of significant heterogeneity in four of the seven study groups. CONCLUSION: These results support the case for immunohistochemical expression of @entity1 representing a significant and reproducible marker of adverse prognosis in resected @entity5 .

title: Meta-analysis of immunohistochemical prognostic markers in resected XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of a probiotic milk drink consumed over a period of 28 days, regarding the expression of clinical inflammatory parameters of the oral gingiva during various phases of plaque-induced @entity4 . METHODS: Twenty-eight adults with healthy gingiva took part in a prospective and clinical-controlled study. The test group was advised to consume a probiotic milk drink (Yacult) daily during a period of 4 weeks; the control group did not receive any probiotic food or drink. After 2 weeks of consumption of the probiotic drink, @entity0 were advised not to brush their teeth for 14 days. Subsequently, at baseline as well as on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14, the following clinical parameters were assessed: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume and @entity2 on probing (BOP). RESULTS: At baseline, the PI was significantly higher in the test group compared with controls (0.44  0.50 vs 0.09  0.24 PI; P=0.0001). The termination of oral hygiene increased clinical inflammatory parameters in both groups. At day 14, the parameters PI, GI, GCF volume and BOP were significantly higher compared with baseline values (P=0.0001). At day 14, BOP levels (18.75  12.32 vs 36.88  12.54%) and GCF volume (18.78  16.7 vs 35.72  16.1 Periotron units) were significantly lower in the test group compared with the control group (P=0.005). CONCLUSION: The results of our study indicate that a daily consumption of a probiotic milk drink reduces the effects of plaque-induced @entity1 associated with a higher plaque score due to the high- @entity3 content of the probiotic milk beverage.

title: Probiotics affect the clinical inflammatory parameters of experimental XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of a probiotic milk drink consumed over a period of 28 days, regarding the expression of clinical inflammatory parameters of the oral gingiva during various phases of plaque-induced @entity4 . METHODS: Twenty-eight adults with healthy gingiva took part in a prospective and clinical-controlled study. The test group was advised to consume a probiotic milk drink (Yacult) daily during a period of 4 weeks; the control group did not receive any probiotic food or drink. After 2 weeks of consumption of the probiotic drink, @entity0 were advised not to brush their teeth for 14 days. Subsequently, at baseline as well as on days 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14, the following clinical parameters were assessed: plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume and @entity2 on probing (BOP). RESULTS: At baseline, the PI was significantly higher in the test group compared with controls (0.44  0.50 vs 0.09  0.24 PI; P=0.0001). The termination of oral hygiene increased clinical inflammatory parameters in both groups. At day 14, the parameters PI, GI, GCF volume and BOP were significantly higher compared with baseline values (P=0.0001). At day 14, BOP levels (18.75  12.32 vs 36.88  12.54%) and GCF volume (18.78  16.7 vs 35.72  16.1 Periotron units) were significantly lower in the test group compared with the control group (P=0.005). CONCLUSION: The results of our study indicate that a daily consumption of a probiotic milk drink reduces the effects of plaque-induced @entity1 associated with a higher plaque score due to the high- @entity3 content of the probiotic milk beverage.

title: Probiotics affect the clinical inflammatory parameters of experimental @entity4 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic transmission of @entity0 @entity4 can occur through medical or surgical procedures, including injection of hormones such as gonadotropins extracted from cadaver pituitaries. Annually, more than 300,000 @entity0 in the United States and Canada are prescribed urine-derived gonadotropins for @entity3 . Although menopausal urine donors are screened for symptomatic @entity2 , incubation of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is impossible to exclude by non-invasive testing. Risk of carrier status of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), a disease associated with decades-long peripheral incubation, is estimated to be on the order of 100 per million population in the United Kingdom. Studies showing infectious prions in the urine of experimental animals with and without @entity1 suggest that prions could be present in asymptomatic urine donors. Several @entity0 fertility products are derived from donated urine; recently @entity6 has been detected in preparations of @entity0 menopausal gonadotropin (hMG). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using a classical proteomic approach, 33 and 34 non-gonadotropin proteins were identified in urinary @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin (u-hCG) and highly-purified urinary @entity0 menopausal gonadotropin (hMG-HP) products, respectively. @entity6 was identified as a major contaminant in u-hCG preparations for the first time. An advanced @entity6 targeted proteomic approach was subsequently used to conduct a survey of gonadotropin products; this approach detected @entity0 @entity6 peptides in urine-derived injectable fertility products containing hCG, hMG and hMG-HP, but not in recombinant products. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The presence of protease-sensitive @entity6 in urinary-derived injectable fertility products containing hCG, hMG, and hMG-HP suggests that prions may co-purify in these products. Intramuscular injection is a relatively efficient route of transmission of @entity0 @entity4 , and young @entity0 exposed to prions can be expected to survive an incubation period associated with a minimal inoculum. The risks of urine-derived fertility products could now outweigh their benefits, particularly considering the availability of recombinant products.

title: Detection of XXXX in urine-derived injectable fertility products by a targeted proteomic approach.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The US Surgeon General's Report on Bone Health suggests America's bone-health is in jeopardy and issued a "call to action" to develop bone-health plans incorporating components of (1) improved nutrition, (2) increased health literacy, and (3) increased physical activity. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) study comparing changes in bone mineral density in healthy @entity0 over-40 with above-average compliance when following one of three bone health Plans incorporating the SG's three components. METHODS: Using an open-label sequential design, 414 females over 40 years of age were tested, 176 of whom agreed to participate and follow one of three different bone-health programs. One Plan contained a bone-health supplement with 1,000 IUs of vitamin D(3 )and 750 mg of a plant-sourced form of @entity1 for one year. The other two Plans contained the same plant form of @entity1 , but with differing amounts of @entity3 and other added bone health ingredients along with components designed to increase physical activity and health literacy. Each group completed the same baseline and ending DXA bone density scans, 43-chemistry blood test panels, and 84-item Quality of Life Inventory (QOL). Changes for all subjects were annualized as percent change in @entity2 from baseline. Using self-reports of adherence, subjects were rank-ordered and dichotomized as "compliant" or "partially compliant" based on the median rating. Comparisons were also made between the treatment groups and two theoretical age-adjusted expected groups: a non-intervention group and a group derived from a review of previously published studies on non-plant sources of @entity1 . RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline @entity2 between those who volunteered versus those who did not and between those who completed per protocol (PP) and those who were lost to @entity4 . Among subjects completing per protocol, there were no significant differences between the three groups on baseline measurements of @entity2 , weight, age, body fat and fat-free mass suggesting that the treatment groups were statistically similar at baseline. In all three treatment groups subjects with above average compliance had significantly greater increases in @entity2 as compared to the two expected-change reference groups. The group following the most nutritionally comprehensive Plan outperformed the other two groups. For all three groups, there were no statistically significant differences between baseline and ending blood chemistry tests or the QOL self-reports. CONCLUSIONS: The increases in @entity2 found in all three treatment groups in this CER stand in marked contrast to previous studies reporting that interventions with @entity1 and @entity3 reduce age-related losses of @entity2 , but do not increase @entity2 . Increased compliance resulted in increased @entity2 levels. No adverse effects were found in the blood chemistry tests, self-reported quality of life and daily tracking reports. The Plans tested suggest a significant improvement over the traditional @entity1 and @entity3 standard of care.

title: A comparative effectiveness study of bone density changes in @entity0 over 40 following three bone health plans containing variations of the same novel plant-sourced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The US Surgeon General's Report on Bone Health suggests America's bone-health is in jeopardy and issued a "call to action" to develop bone-health plans incorporating components of (1) improved nutrition, (2) increased health literacy, and (3) increased physical activity. OBJECTIVE: To conduct a Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) study comparing changes in bone mineral density in healthy @entity0 over-40 with above-average compliance when following one of three bone health Plans incorporating the SG's three components. METHODS: Using an open-label sequential design, 414 females over 40 years of age were tested, 176 of whom agreed to participate and follow one of three different bone-health programs. One Plan contained a bone-health supplement with 1,000 IUs of vitamin D(3 )and 750 mg of a plant-sourced form of @entity1 for one year. The other two Plans contained the same plant form of @entity1 , but with differing amounts of @entity3 and other added bone health ingredients along with components designed to increase physical activity and health literacy. Each group completed the same baseline and ending DXA bone density scans, 43-chemistry blood test panels, and 84-item Quality of Life Inventory (QOL). Changes for all subjects were annualized as percent change in @entity2 from baseline. Using self-reports of adherence, subjects were rank-ordered and dichotomized as "compliant" or "partially compliant" based on the median rating. Comparisons were also made between the treatment groups and two theoretical age-adjusted expected groups: a non-intervention group and a group derived from a review of previously published studies on non-plant sources of @entity1 . RESULTS: There were no significant differences in baseline @entity2 between those who volunteered versus those who did not and between those who completed per protocol (PP) and those who were lost to @entity4 . Among subjects completing per protocol, there were no significant differences between the three groups on baseline measurements of @entity2 , weight, age, body fat and fat-free mass suggesting that the treatment groups were statistically similar at baseline. In all three treatment groups subjects with above average compliance had significantly greater increases in @entity2 as compared to the two expected-change reference groups. The group following the most nutritionally comprehensive Plan outperformed the other two groups. For all three groups, there were no statistically significant differences between baseline and ending blood chemistry tests or the QOL self-reports. CONCLUSIONS: The increases in @entity2 found in all three treatment groups in this CER stand in marked contrast to previous studies reporting that interventions with @entity1 and @entity3 reduce age-related losses of @entity2 , but do not increase @entity2 . Increased compliance resulted in increased @entity2 levels. No adverse effects were found in the blood chemistry tests, self-reported quality of life and daily tracking reports. The Plans tested suggest a significant improvement over the traditional @entity1 and @entity3 standard of care.

title: A comparative effectiveness study of bone density changes in XXXX over 40 following three bone health plans containing variations of the same novel plant-sourced @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To evaluate the difference in diagnostic performance of hydro-stomach computed tomography (CT) to detect early @entity2 (EGC) between blinded and unblinded analysis and to assess independent factors affecting visibility of @entity1 foci. METHODS: Two radiologists initially blinded and then unblinded to gastroscopic and surgical-histological findings independently reviewed hydro-stomach CT images of 110 @entity0 with single EGC. They graded the visibility of @entity1 foci for each of three @entity2 (upper, middle and lower thirds) using a 4-point scale (1: definitely absent, 2: probably absent, 3: probably present, and 4: definitely present). The sensitivity and specificity for detecting an EGC were calculated. Intraobserver and interobserver agreements were analyzed. The visibility of an EGC was evaluated with regard to @entity1 size, invasion depth, @entity2 , histological type and gross morphology using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: The respective sensitivities and specificities [reviewer 1: blinded, 20% (22/110) and 98% (215/220); unblinded, 27% (30/110) and 100% (219/220)/reviewer 2: blinded, 19% (21/110) and 98% (216/220); unblinded, 25% (27/110) and 98% (215/220)] were not significantly different. Although intraobserver agreements were good (weighted k = 0.677 and 0.666), interobserver agreements were fair (blinded, 0.371) or moderate (unblinded, 0.558). For both univariate and multivariate analyses, the @entity1 size and invasion depth were statistically significant factors affecting visibility. CONCLUSION: The diagnostic performance of hydro-stomach CT to detect an EGC was not significantly different between blinded and unblinded analysis. The @entity1 size and invasion depth were independent factors for visibility.

title: Detection of early XXXX using hydro-stomach CT: blinded vs unblinded analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the high prevalence and morbidity, @entity1 remains an obscure symptom. We assessed the efficacy of low-level laser for treatment of @entity1 . METHODS: It was a self controlled clinical trial study on 61 outpatients with subjective @entity1 . The @entity0 were irradiated with a 650-nm, 5-mW soft laser for twenty days and twenty minutes per day. The sensation of @entity1 was measured on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and two weeks after treatment and they were compared by means of Wilcoxon signed ranktest. RESULTS: Thirty-eight (62.3%) @entity0 were @entity0 and twenty-three (37.7%) were @entity0 . Fourteen @entity0 (31.8%) worked in noisy environment. The VAS mean difference before and after the treatment was statistically significant (p < 0.0001). The best treatment effect was in the youngest group and there were significant differences between this group and the middle age and older groups (p = 0.018 and 0.001, respectively). The mean VAS score reduction was not statistically significant between male and female @entity0 (p = 0.23). Also, the treatment outcome according to the noise level in @entity0 's workplaces was not significantly different in @entity0 (p = 0.693), but it was significant in @entity0 (p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: Transmeatal low-level laser irradiation is effective for the treatment of @entity1 and some variables like age and job can affect the treatment outcome.

title: Low-level laser for treatment of XXXX : a self-controlled clinical trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 lactis strain Y-123, a constitutive high producer of beta-glucosidase (B(h)), was grown in an enriched medium. beta-Glucosidase, extracted most easily by cell autolysis, was purified by successive @entity4 precipitation, @entity3 precipitation, gel filtration, @entity0 gel adsorption-elution, and @entity2 column chromatography. The specific activity of the enzyme increased 200-fold during the purification. The electrophoretic and catalytic properties of the enzyme did not change during the procedure. @entity5 gel disc electrophoresis of the partially purified enzyme revealed one major and several minor protein-staining bands. beta-Glucosidase activity in the @entity5 gel columns was measured directly by assaying sections of columns frozen and sliced immediately after electrophoresis. Most of the activity coincided with the major protein-staining band. Prolonged assay produced minor activity coinciding with the less intense protein bands. Properties of the enzyme suggest that it is a single, unconjugated, intracellular, high molecular weight protein. The purification procedure is applicable to strains of @entity6 which possess alleles of the B locus for beta-glucosidase synthesis.

title: Purification of beta-glucosidase from XXXX lactis strain Y-123.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrence of @entity2 following surgical intervention is very common. Antifungal therapy has been an appealing alternative to reduce its recurrence and severity. Early studies showed definite positive response, but recent studies have raised doubts about its efficacy in treatment of @entity2 . METHODS: This prospective case-control clinical trial was conducted on 50 @entity0 suffering from @entity2 in Isfahan University of medical sciences. All @entity0 underwent functional endoscopic sinus surgery. CT scanning of paranasal sinuses was done preoperatively and 6 months postoperatively to stage the disease. @entity0 were assigned to two groups: @entity4 group were instructed to irrigate the nasal cavity with a solution of @entity4 , while the normal saline group used the physiologic normal saline for 6 months. RESULTS: 68% of @entity0 in Normal saline and 84% of cases in @entity4 group reported history of @entity1 . In @entity4 group, stage of the disease improved in 84% of @entity0 and remained unchanged in the rest. In normal saline group, imaging stage improved in 22 @entity0 and remained unchanged in 3. The two cohorts were compared for reduction in imaging stage and no significant difference was found between them. CONCLUSIONS: This study showed no benefits for topical @entity3 solution over normal saline. It might be better to retreat to the traditional normal saline nasal douching following functional endoscopic sinus surgery in the treatment of @entity2 .

title: Does XXXX nasal douching help prevent polyp recurrence following functional endoscopic sinus surgery?

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To investigate predilection sites of recurrence of @entity4 by computed tomography (CT) in follow-up after surgery. METHODS: Seventy seven @entity0 with recurrence after @entity4 surgery were retrospectively identified. The operative technique, R-status, T-stage and development of @entity2 markers were evaluated. Two radiologists analyzed CT scans with consensus readings. Location of local recurrence, lymph node recurrence and organ metastases were noted. Surgery and progression of findings on follow-up CT were considered as reference standard. RESULTS: The mean follow-up interval was 3.9    1.8 mo, with a mean relapse-free interval of 12.9    10.4 mo. The predominant site of recurrence was local (65%), followed by lymph node (17%), liver @entity1 (11%) and peritoneal carcinosis (7%). Local recurrence emerged at the superior mesenteric artery (n = 28), the hepatic artery (n = 8), in an area defined by the surrounding vessels: celiac trunk, portal vein, inferior vena cava (n = 22), and in a space limited by the mesenteric artery, portal vein and inferior vena cava (n = 17). Lymph node recurrence occurred in the mesenteric root and left lateral to the aorta. Recurrence was confirmed by surgery (n = 22) and follow-up CT (n = 55). Tumor markers [ @entity5 antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), @entity3 ( @entity3 )] increased in accordance with signs of recurrence in most cases (86% CA19-9; 79.2% @entity3 ). CONCLUSION: Specific changes of local and lymph node recurrence can be found in the course of the cardinal peripancreatic vessels. The superior mesenteric artery is the leading structure for recurrence.

title: CT diagnosis of recurrence after XXXX : is there a pattern?

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors evaluated the effectiveness of brace-only treatment, physical therapy, and the combination of these for @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: @entity0 were randomized over 3 groups: brace-only treatment, physical therapy, and the combination of these. Main outcome measures were success rate, severity of complaints, @entity1 , disability, and satisfaction. Data were analyzed using both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses. Follow-up was 1 year. RESULTS: A total of 180 @entity0 were randomized. Physical therapy was superior to brace only at 6 weeks for @entity1 , disability, and satisfaction. Contrarily, brace-only treatment was superior on ability of daily activities. Combination treatment was superior to brace on severity of complaints, disability, and satisfaction. At 26 weeks and 52 weeks, no significant differences were identified. CONCLUSION: Conflicting results were found. Brace treatment might be useful as initial therapy. Combination therapy has no additional advantage compared to physical therapy but is superior to brace only for the short term.

title: Conservative treatment of XXXX : brace versus physical therapy or a combination of both-a randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little has been published on gratification disorder ("infantile masturbation") in early childhood. AIMS: To expand on the profile of @entity0 diagnosed with this condition. METHODS: Retrospective case note review; Fraser of Allander Neurosciences Unit paediatric neurology outpatient department 1972-2002. RESULTS: Thirty one @entity0 were diagnosed (11 males and 20 females). Twenty one were referred for evaluation of possible @entity2 or @entity2 . The median age at first symptoms was 10.5 months (range 3 months to 5 years 5 months). The median age at diagnosis was 24.5 months (range 5 months to 8 years). The median frequency of events was seven times per week, and the median length 2.5 minutes. Events occurred in any situation in 10 @entity0 , and in a car seat in 11. Types of behaviour manifested were @entity3 posturing in 19, grunting in 10, rocking in 9, eidetic imagery in 7, and sweating in 6. Two @entity0 had been previously diagnosed as having definite @entity2 . In nine cases home video was invaluable in allowing confident diagnosis. CONCLUSION: @entity1 , otherwise called infantile masturbation, is an important consideration in the differential diagnosis of @entity2 and other paroxysmal events in early childhood. Home video recording of events often prevents unnecessary investigations and treatments.

title: XXXX ("infantile masturbation"): a review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To determine the immunohistochemical characteristics of putative corneal epithelial stem cells remaining on limbal explants maintained in culture. METHODS: @entity0 limbal explant cultures were generated from 25 residual corneoscleral donor rims following penetrating keratoplasty. Serial sections of these explants were studied using immunohistochemical techniques with a panel of antibodies, on day 0 and 1, 2, and 3 weeks. RESULTS: The number of epithelial cells expressing @entity4 and @entity3 increased with duration in culture, while the number of cells expressing @entity6 decreased. @entity2 expression was lost by 1 week in culture. @entity5 was expressed by cells that had migrated around the explant and the number of @entity5 positive cells decreased with longer duration in culture. The explants were initially negative for Ki67, but the epithelial cells were positive at 1 week, and expression of Ki67 was progressively lost with increasing duration in culture. The initial uniform staining of the epithelium for @entity1 and alpha enolase remained unchanged at 3 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: There is an expansion of less differentiated ( @entity6 negative and @entity4 / @entity3 positive) epithelial cells on corneoscleral explants maintained in culture for 3 weeks. The pattern of expression of @entity5 noted in this study does not support the suggestion that it is a marker of limbal stem cells. The decline in @entity5 and Ki67 expression among the epithelial cells of the cultured explant button implies that as the epithelial sheet outgrowing from the explant button reaches confluence, the proliferative status of the cells remaining on the explant button declines. These findings are of clinical relevance as explants of limbal tissue are used in limbal stem cell transplantation. There is no information available to date on the fate of epithelial cells on such explants. This study provides some insight into this and suggests that an expansion of the stem cell pool or its progeny may occur in limbal explants.

title: Epithelial cell characteristics of cultured XXXX limbal explants.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Based on previous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, we have developed an EEG-controlled closed-loop system for the i.v. hypnotic agent @entity1 in @entity0 . METHODS: Seven adult male @entity0 (weight 423-584 g) were included in the study. EEG was recorded with occipito-occipital needle electrodes and the EEG power spectrum was estimated. The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was extracted from the power spectrum and was modified @entity2 (mMEF) to account for the occurrence of spikes and burst suppression patterns in the EEG. @entity1 infusion was controlled by a model-based adaptive control algorithm to maintain a set point of mMEF=3.0 (sd 0.5) Hz. The performance of the feedback system was characterized by the median performance error MDPE=median[(mMEF-set point)/set point] and the median absolute performance error (MDAPE). The effective therapeutic infusion (ETI) to maintain the set point was determined from the resulting infusion rates. RESULTS: In all @entity0 a feedback period of 90 min could be performed. Mean MDPE was 1.2 (se 0.4)% and MDAPE was 13.9 (0.3)%. The ETI was 0.73 (sd 0.20) mg kg(-1) min(-1). Mean arterial pressure before @entity1 infusion was 148 (14) mm Hg, with the lowest value during closed-loop infusion being 110 (20) mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: The feedback system presented here may be a useful tool not only for automatic drug control to maintain a defined hypnotic effect but may also be a powerful device in pharmacological studies such as the determination of dose requirements or the assessment of drug-drug interactions.

title: EEG-controlled closed-loop dosing of XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Based on previous pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies, we have developed an EEG-controlled closed-loop system for the i.v. hypnotic agent @entity1 in @entity0 . METHODS: Seven adult male @entity0 (weight 423-584 g) were included in the study. EEG was recorded with occipito-occipital needle electrodes and the EEG power spectrum was estimated. The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was extracted from the power spectrum and was modified @entity2 (mMEF) to account for the occurrence of spikes and burst suppression patterns in the EEG. @entity1 infusion was controlled by a model-based adaptive control algorithm to maintain a set point of mMEF=3.0 (sd 0.5) Hz. The performance of the feedback system was characterized by the median performance error MDPE=median[(mMEF-set point)/set point] and the median absolute performance error (MDAPE). The effective therapeutic infusion (ETI) to maintain the set point was determined from the resulting infusion rates. RESULTS: In all @entity0 a feedback period of 90 min could be performed. Mean MDPE was 1.2 (se 0.4)% and MDAPE was 13.9 (0.3)%. The ETI was 0.73 (sd 0.20) mg kg(-1) min(-1). Mean arterial pressure before @entity1 infusion was 148 (14) mm Hg, with the lowest value during closed-loop infusion being 110 (20) mm Hg. CONCLUSIONS: The feedback system presented here may be a useful tool not only for automatic drug control to maintain a defined hypnotic effect but may also be a powerful device in pharmacological studies such as the determination of dose requirements or the assessment of drug-drug interactions.

title: EEG-controlled closed-loop dosing of @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although a success rate of 80% has been reported in @entity0 with @entity1 treated with catheter-based thrombolysis, the possible long-term benefit of this treatment is not known. MATERIAL AND METHOD: 28 consecutive @entity0 referred for catheter-based thrombolysis of @entity1 were treated with infusion of alteplase into the thrombus for two to five days. Following thrombolysis, @entity8 was given for at least one year. All @entity0 were examined every six months with colour duplex scanning and air pletysmography. RESULTS: 100% thrombolysis was achieved in eight @entity0 , 75-99% in ten, 50-74% in nine and < 50% in one @entity0 . Angioplasty (four) or stent implantation (four) was successful in eight out of twelve @entity0 with @entity4 of the left common iliac vein. Early recurrence of @entity3 (< 7 days) occurred in three @entity0 , @entity6 in one, and @entity2 at the insertion site in six. After a mean follow-up of 2.5 years, 17 @entity0 were free of symptoms, seven had a mild degree and four a moderate degree of @entity9 . Eighteen @entity0 had normal venous physiology, nine deep @entity7 , and three functional obstruction of deep veins. @entity9 was associated with deep @entity7 and/or functional obstruction of the iliofemoral segment. INTERPRETATION: Catheter-based thrombolysis is a safe and effective treatment of proximal @entity5 and might reduce the occurrence of @entity9 compared to treatment with anticoagulation alone.

title: [Catheter-directed thrombolysis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate quality of life (QOL) in @entity1 survivors after radiotherapy (RT), investigate the frequency of adverse events and demonstrate an association between these symptoms and QOL. METHODS: A prospective cohort study of 95 @entity0 aged 21-75 years undergoing RT for @entity1 was carried out. QOL was assessed by the WHOQOL-BREF before, at 4 months, 1 year and 3 years after RT and adverse events were evaluated following RT by the (CTCAE) v 3.0 scale. QOL scores were assessed by the Wilcoxon signed rank test over time. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of QOL. RESULTS: The most frequent adverse events were @entity2 (64.2%) and @entity3 (45.9%). A significant increase in QOL scores was observed in the psychological domain, general health and overall QOL. @entity2 was negatively associated with the physical, psychological and social relationship domains (p < 0.01); @entity3 with the physical and social relationship (p < 0.01); decreased sexual interest with the psychological (p < 0.01). Higher family income was positively associated with the psychological domain and general health (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Results suggested that QOL improved after RT in @entity0 with @entity1 . Adverse events, such as @entity2 , @entity3 and decreased sexual interest had a negative impact on QOL.

title: Quality of life and adverse events after radiotherapy in XXXX survivors: a cohort study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To study the pharmacological and mechanical properties of newly developed detrusor muscle after subtotal cystectomy, to explore if the regenerated detrusor has characteristics similar to the normal bladder base, from which it regenerated, or to the normal bladder body which it replaces. METHODS: Partial cystectomy was performed in female @entity0 . Fifteen weeks later, detrusor strips were cut from supratrigonal and equatorial segments. Unoperated @entity0 served as controls. Responses to field stimulation were obtained in the absence and presence of @entity5 , @entity3 , and @entity6 blockade. Dose-response curves were obtained for @entity4 , @entity1 , and @entity2 . Force-velocity data were obtained on maximally activated chemically skinned preparations. RESULTS: Maximal contractile response to field stimulation was 60% of that to high-K+ with no difference between strips from control and cystectomy bladders. @entity3 had no effect. @entity5 decreased maximal response of supratrigonal strips to 62 +/- 6 (controls) and 61 +/- 4% (operated) of that without blocker. For equatorial strips the decrease was to 81 +/- 5 (controls) and 58 +/- 8% (operated). Frequency-response relations were obtained during blockade with @entity5 , @entity1 , and @entity3 . Supratrigonal strips showed a pronounced additional inhibition up to 40 Hz. Equatorial strips from controls were completely inhibited at all frequencies. Equatorial strips from operated bladders were inhibited up to 20 Hz but not at 40 and 60 Hz. @entity4 EC(50) values were similar in all groups. Maximum response to @entity2 was 10-20% of high-K+ response. Maximal shortening velocity (Vmax) was similar in control supratrigonal and equatorial strips, but was significantly lower in the operated bladders. CONCLUSIONS: (1): A regional difference exists in pharmacological properties of control detrusor, with a considerable contractile response to stimulation remaining in the supratrigonal muscle after simultaneous cholinergic, adrenergic, and purinergic blockade. (2): The new detrusor was functionally well innervated with no supersensitivity to muscarinic stimulation. (3): The newly formed bladder body had pharmacological properties specific for the supratrigonal segment from which it had developed. (4): There was no regional difference in force-velocity characteristics of the control detrusor. (5): The lowered Vmax in the newly formed bladder might thus be related to growth and regeneration of muscle cells.

title: Nerve induced responses and force-velocity relations of regenerated detrusor muscle after subtotal cystectomy in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Framingham Heart Study was initiated in 1948 as a long-term longitudinal study to identify risk factors associated with @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Over the years the scope of the study has expanded to include offspring and other family members of the original cohort, marker data useful for gene mapping and information on other diseases. As a result, it is a rich resource for many areas of research going beyond the original goals. As part of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 13, we used data from the study to evaluate the ability of neural networks to use @entity0 risk factors as training data for predictions of normal and @entity1 . RESULTS: Applying two different strategies to the coding of @entity0 risk data as risk factors (one longitudinal and one independent of time), we found that neural networks could not be trained to clearly separate individuals into normal and @entity1 groups. When training was successful, validation was not, suggesting over-fitting of the model. When the number of parameters was reduced, training was not as good. An analysis of the input data showed that the neural networks were, in fact, finding consistent patterns, but that these patterns were not correlated with the presence or absence of @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Neural network analysis, applied to risk factors for @entity0 in the Framingham data, did not lead to a clear classification of individuals into groups with normal and @entity1 . Thus, although @entity1 may itself be a risk factor for @entity0 , it does not appear to be clearly predictable using observations from a set of other @entity0 risk factors.

title: Risk factors for coronary artery disease and the use of neural networks to predict the presence or absence of XXXX .

answer: @entity1