abstract: A @entity0 @entity1 @entity5 subline with acquired resistance to @entity8 (VCR), a chemotherapeutic agent, was established with incremental increases of the drug. The resistant @entity5 subline ( @entity5 /VCR) shows a 12-fold increase in resistance to VCR and a unique cross-resistance pattern: high cross-resistance to the potent VCR analogue @entity10 (6.9-fold) and @entity12 (2.5-fold); lower cross-resistance to @entity11 (1.8-fold), @entity6 (1.2-fold) and @entity4 (1.3-fold) and a sensitivity to melphalan and @entity9 which is similar to that of the parental cell line. A reduced accumulation of VCR in the resistant cells was demonstrated. Interestingly, the VCR resistance of the @entity5 /VCR cell line was partially reversed by @entity3 , and the drug uptake was enhanced. In contrast, @entity3 had no effect on drug tolerance and drug accumulation was not observed in either @entity5 parental cells or known multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells, suggesting that VCR resistance in @entity5 /VCR cells results essentially from reduced drug accumulation. It is worth noting that, whereas reduced drug accumulation in the @entity5 /VCR cells was susceptible to modulation by @entity3 , the increased efflux rate characteristic of the resistant cells was not. Further, there was a higher efflux rate in resistant cells than in parental cells. DNA Southern- and RNA Northern-blot hybridization analyses indicate that @entity5 /VCR cells do not contain amplified mdr genes or overexpress P-glycoprotein. In addition, the @entity2 -channel blocker @entity7 , which acts as a competitive inhibitor of drug binding and efflux, did not affect the resistant phenotype of @entity5 /VCR cells. These findings suggest an @entity3 -sensitive drug uptake mechanism which is important in mediating VCR resistance per se in @entity0 @entity1 cells; this differs from the P-glycoprotein-mediated MDR mechanism.

title: @entity3 increases drug accumulation and reverses XXXX resistance of @entity0 non-small-cell @entity1 cells.

answer: @entity8


abstract: A @entity0 @entity1 @entity5 subline with acquired resistance to @entity8 (VCR), a chemotherapeutic agent, was established with incremental increases of the drug. The resistant @entity5 subline ( @entity5 /VCR) shows a 12-fold increase in resistance to VCR and a unique cross-resistance pattern: high cross-resistance to the potent VCR analogue @entity10 (6.9-fold) and @entity12 (2.5-fold); lower cross-resistance to @entity11 (1.8-fold), @entity6 (1.2-fold) and @entity4 (1.3-fold) and a sensitivity to melphalan and @entity9 which is similar to that of the parental cell line. A reduced accumulation of VCR in the resistant cells was demonstrated. Interestingly, the VCR resistance of the @entity5 /VCR cell line was partially reversed by @entity3 , and the drug uptake was enhanced. In contrast, @entity3 had no effect on drug tolerance and drug accumulation was not observed in either @entity5 parental cells or known multidrug-resistant (MDR) cells, suggesting that VCR resistance in @entity5 /VCR cells results essentially from reduced drug accumulation. It is worth noting that, whereas reduced drug accumulation in the @entity5 /VCR cells was susceptible to modulation by @entity3 , the increased efflux rate characteristic of the resistant cells was not. Further, there was a higher efflux rate in resistant cells than in parental cells. DNA Southern- and RNA Northern-blot hybridization analyses indicate that @entity5 /VCR cells do not contain amplified mdr genes or overexpress P-glycoprotein. In addition, the @entity2 -channel blocker @entity7 , which acts as a competitive inhibitor of drug binding and efflux, did not affect the resistant phenotype of @entity5 /VCR cells. These findings suggest an @entity3 -sensitive drug uptake mechanism which is important in mediating VCR resistance per se in @entity0 @entity1 cells; this differs from the P-glycoprotein-mediated MDR mechanism.

title: @entity3 increases drug accumulation and reverses @entity8 resistance of XXXX non-small-cell @entity1 cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is currently the eighth most common @entity1 worldwide. Improvements in operative techniques and neoadjuvant therapies have led to improved outcomes. Resection of the esophagus carries a high risk of severe complications and has a negative impact on health-related quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to assess which @entity0 -reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used to measure QOL after esophagectomy for @entity1 . A comprehensive search of original articles was conducted investigating QOL after surgery for @entity2 . Two authors independently selected relevant articles, conducted clinical appraisal, and extracted data (PJ and JS). Out of 5893 articles, 58 studies were included, consisting of 41 prospective and 17 retrospective cohort studies, including a total of 6964 @entity0 . These studies included 11 different PROMs. The existing PROMs could be divided into generic, symptom-specific, and disease-specific questionnaires. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity1 (EORTC) QOL Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ C-30) along with the EORTC QLQ-OESophagus module OES18 was the most widely used; in 42 and 32 studies, respectively. The EORTC and the Functional Assessment of @entity1 Therapy (FACT) questionnaires use an oncological module and an organ-specific module. One validation study was available, which compared the FACT and EORTC, showing moderate to poor correlation between the questionnaires. A great variety of PROMs are being used in the measurement of QOL after surgery for @entity2 . A questionnaire with a general module along with a disease-specific module for assessment of QOL of different treatment modalities seem to be the most desirable, such as the EORTC and the FACT with their specific modules (EORTC QLQ-OES18 and FACT-E). Both are developed in different treatment modalities, such as in surgical @entity0 . With regard to reproducibility of current results, the EORTC is recommended.

title: Systematic review of @entity0 -reported outcome measures in the surgical treatment of @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is currently the eighth most common @entity1 worldwide. Improvements in operative techniques and neoadjuvant therapies have led to improved outcomes. Resection of the esophagus carries a high risk of severe complications and has a negative impact on health-related quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to assess which @entity0 -reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used to measure QOL after esophagectomy for @entity1 . A comprehensive search of original articles was conducted investigating QOL after surgery for @entity2 . Two authors independently selected relevant articles, conducted clinical appraisal, and extracted data (PJ and JS). Out of 5893 articles, 58 studies were included, consisting of 41 prospective and 17 retrospective cohort studies, including a total of 6964 @entity0 . These studies included 11 different PROMs. The existing PROMs could be divided into generic, symptom-specific, and disease-specific questionnaires. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity1 (EORTC) QOL Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ C-30) along with the EORTC QLQ-OESophagus module OES18 was the most widely used; in 42 and 32 studies, respectively. The EORTC and the Functional Assessment of @entity1 Therapy (FACT) questionnaires use an oncological module and an organ-specific module. One validation study was available, which compared the FACT and EORTC, showing moderate to poor correlation between the questionnaires. A great variety of PROMs are being used in the measurement of QOL after surgery for @entity2 . A questionnaire with a general module along with a disease-specific module for assessment of QOL of different treatment modalities seem to be the most desirable, such as the EORTC and the FACT with their specific modules (EORTC QLQ-OES18 and FACT-E). Both are developed in different treatment modalities, such as in surgical @entity0 . With regard to reproducibility of current results, the EORTC is recommended.

title: Systematic review of XXXX -reported outcome measures in the surgical treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is currently the eighth most common @entity1 worldwide. Improvements in operative techniques and neoadjuvant therapies have led to improved outcomes. Resection of the esophagus carries a high risk of severe complications and has a negative impact on health-related quality of life (QOL). The aim of this study was to assess which @entity0 -reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used to measure QOL after esophagectomy for @entity1 . A comprehensive search of original articles was conducted investigating QOL after surgery for @entity2 . Two authors independently selected relevant articles, conducted clinical appraisal, and extracted data (PJ and JS). Out of 5893 articles, 58 studies were included, consisting of 41 prospective and 17 retrospective cohort studies, including a total of 6964 @entity0 . These studies included 11 different PROMs. The existing PROMs could be divided into generic, symptom-specific, and disease-specific questionnaires. The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of @entity1 (EORTC) QOL Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ C-30) along with the EORTC QLQ-OESophagus module OES18 was the most widely used; in 42 and 32 studies, respectively. The EORTC and the Functional Assessment of @entity1 Therapy (FACT) questionnaires use an oncological module and an organ-specific module. One validation study was available, which compared the FACT and EORTC, showing moderate to poor correlation between the questionnaires. A great variety of PROMs are being used in the measurement of QOL after surgery for @entity2 . A questionnaire with a general module along with a disease-specific module for assessment of QOL of different treatment modalities seem to be the most desirable, such as the EORTC and the FACT with their specific modules (EORTC QLQ-OES18 and FACT-E). Both are developed in different treatment modalities, such as in surgical @entity0 . With regard to reproducibility of current results, the EORTC is recommended.

title: Systematic review of @entity0 -reported outcome measures in the surgical treatment of XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: This review article highlights the evidence supporting the concept that, like lymphocytes, fibroblasts also consist of subpopulations with unique phenotypes and functions. A new view of the fibroblast is that they are dynamic and consist of subsets which produce cytokines and interact with the immune system. For example, @entity1 lung fibroblasts separated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting on the basis of the thymocyte-1 antigen are heterogeneous in their morphology, expression of surface markers, antigen presentation to T lymphocytes, ability to synthesize collagen, and cytokine production. @entity0 lung fibroblasts have also been found to be heterogeneous in surface marker expression, proliferation, and collagen production. Investigation of pulmonary fibroblast heterogeneity is important since the lung is particularly susceptible to @entity3 induced by chemotherapy and radiation, inhaled particles, @entity5 , etc. The inflammatory responses which typically precede fibrotic induction may be controlled by a subset of resident fibroblasts. Another subset may be important for the fibroblast @entity6 and extensive extracellular matrix production which are hallmarks of @entity3 . In another model system, periodontal fibroblasts, namely those from periodontal ligament (PDL) and gingiva, also reveal heterogeneity. For example, PDL fibroblasts are composed of subpopulations based on collagen production, morphology, and glycogen pools. Subsets of gingival fibroblasts have also been obtained based on receptors for @entity4 and C1q. Specific fibroblast subsets may be involved in @entity7 and @entity6 . Studies comparing fibroblasts from normal skin vs skin involved with @entity8 have found that @entity8 fibroblasts are activated and able to participate in an inflammatory response. How these fibroblasts become activated is unclear, but it is believed that a subset of fibroblasts is selectively recruited by cytokines at the @entity2 site. Finally, investigation and identification of fibroblast subsets from various tissues and their interaction with the immune system could lead to strategies to prevent or reverse debilitating and potentially fatal fibrotic development.

title: Evidence of fibroblast heterogeneity and the role of fibroblast subpopulations in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Maintaining the cuff pressure of endotracheal tubes (ETTs) within 20-30 @entity3 O is a standard practice. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of standard practice in maintaining cuff pressure within the target range. METHODS: This was a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary-care intensive care unit, in which respiratory therapists (RTs) measured the cuff pressure 6 hourly by a handheld manometer. In this study, a @entity1 checked cuff pressure 2-4 h after the clinical RT measurement. Percentages of @entity0 with cuff pressure levels above and below the target range were calculated. We identified predictors of low-cuff pressure. RESULTS: We analyzed 2120 cuff-pressure measurements. The mean cuff pressure was 27        2 @entity3 O by the clinical RT and 21        5 @entity3 O by the @entity1 (p   <   0.0001). The clinical RT documented that 98.0  % of cuff pressures were within the normal range. The @entity1 found the cuff pressures to be within the normal range in only 41.5  %, below the range in 53  % and above the range in 5.5  %. Low cuff pressure was found more common with lower ETT size (OR, 0.34 per 0.5 unit increase in ETT size; 95  % CI, 0.15-0.79) and with lower peak airway pressure (OR per one cm @entity2 increment, 0.93; 95  % CI, 0.87-0.99) on multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Cuff pressure is frequently not maintained within the target range with low-cuff pressure being very common approximately 3  h after routine measurements. Low cuff pressure was associated with lower ETT size and lower peak airway pressure. There is a need to redesign the process for maintaining cuff pressure within the target range.

title: Prevalence and predictors of out-of-range cuff pressure of endotracheal and tracheostomy tubes: a prospective cohort study in mechanically ventilated XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The use of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has revolutionized the treatment of @entity2 and is now responsible for 1-5% of all births in industrialized countries. During @entity1 , it is typical for @entity0 to generate multiple embryos. However, only a small proportion of them possess the genetic and metabolic requirements needed in order to produce a healthy pregnancy. The identification of the embryo with the greatest developmental capacity represents a major challenge for fertility clinics. Current methods for the assessment of embryo competence are proven inefficient, and the inadvertent transfer of non-viable embryos is the principal reason why most @entity1 treatments (approximately two-thirds) end in failure. In this study, we investigate how the application of proteomic measurements could improve success rates in clinical embryology. We describe a procedure that allows the identification and quantification of proteins of embryonic origin, present in attomole concentrations in the blastocoel, the enclosed fluid-filled cavity that forms within 5-day-old @entity0 embryos. By using targeted proteomics, we demonstrate the feasibility of quantifying multiple proteins in samples derived from single blastocoels and that such measurements correlate with aspects of embryo viability, such as chromosomal (ploidy) status. This study illustrates the potential of high-sensitivity proteomics to measure clinically relevant biomarkers in minute samples and, more specifically, suggests that key aspects of embryo competence could be measured using a proteomic-based strategy, with negligible risk of harm to the living embryo. Our work paves the way for the development of "next-generation" embryo competence assessment strategies, based on functional proteomics.

title: Characterization and quantification of proteins secreted by single XXXX embryos prior to implantation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and insulin-like peptides (ILPs) are important regulators of metabolism, growth, reproduction and lifespan, and mechanisms of insulin/IGF signaling (IIS) have been well conserved over evolution. In insects, between one and 38 ILPs have been identified in each species. Relatively few insect species have been investigated in depth with respect to ILP functions, and therefore we focus mainly on the well-studied fruitfly @entity0 . In @entity0 eight ILPs (DILP1-8), but only two receptors ( @entity3 and @entity4 ) are known. @entity5 are produced by a set of neurosecretory cells (IPCs) in the brain and their biosynthesis and release are controlled by a number of mechanisms differing between larvae and adults. Adult IPCs display cell-autonomous sensing of circulating @entity1 , coupled to evolutionarily conserved mechanisms for @entity6 release. The @entity1 -mediated @entity6 secretion is modulated by neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, as well as by factors released from the intestine and adipocytes. Larval IPCs, however, are indirectly regulated by @entity1 -sensing endocrine cells producing adipokinetic hormone, or by circulating factors from the intestine and fat body. Furthermore, IIS is situated within a complex physiological regulatory network that also encompasses the lipophilic hormones, @entity2 and juvenile hormone. After release from IPCs, the ILP action can be modulated by circulating proteins that act either as protective carriers (binding proteins), or competitive inhibitors. Some of these proteins appear to have additional functions that are independent of ILPs. Taken together, the signaling with multiple ILPs is under complex control, ensuring tightly regulated IIS in the organism.

title: Insulin/IGF signaling in XXXX and other insects: factors that regulate production, release and post-release action of the insulin-like peptides.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Based on previous studies we postulated that, whereas the natriuresis observed following intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) @entity5 was mediated by a decrease in renal sympathetic nerve activity, the natriuresis observed following intrarenal (i.r.) infusion of @entity5 was mediated by a direct stimulation of renal I1- @entity1 preferring receptors. @entity0 were unilaterally nephrectomized and i.c.v. cannulated 7 to 10 days and 3 days prior to the day of the experiment, respectively. On the day of the experiment, @entity0 were anesthetized (pentobarbital) and the renal function was isolated. Administration of i.c.v. as well as i.r. @entity5 produced an increase in @entity2 excretion and urine flow fate. Pretreatment with intravenous @entity3 (0.15 mg/kg) completely attenuated the response to i.c.v. @entity5 (1 nmol/5 microliters) but only slightly altered the response to i.r. @entity5 (3 nmol/kg/min). Conversely, intravenous pretreatment with the @entity1 preferring receptor antagonist @entity4 (0.3 mg/kg) completely blocked the response to i.r. @entity5 (3 nmol/kg/min) without altering the response to i.c.v. @entity5 (0.3 nmol/kg). These results would be consistent with the natriuresis observed following i.c.v. @entity5 as being mediated by @entity1 preferring receptors located centrally, whereas that following i.r. @entity5 was mediated directly by renal @entity1 -preferring receptors, with a small component of this response conceivably due to activation of central @entity1 preferring receptors. In summary, the antihypertensive effect of @entity1 preferring receptor agonists may be associated with a natriuresis that is due to stimulation of these receptors, found both peripherally (renal) and centrally.

title: Central and renal I1 XXXX preferring receptors: two unique sites mediating natriuresis in the @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Based on previous studies we postulated that, whereas the natriuresis observed following intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) @entity5 was mediated by a decrease in renal sympathetic nerve activity, the natriuresis observed following intrarenal (i.r.) infusion of @entity5 was mediated by a direct stimulation of renal I1- @entity1 preferring receptors. @entity0 were unilaterally nephrectomized and i.c.v. cannulated 7 to 10 days and 3 days prior to the day of the experiment, respectively. On the day of the experiment, @entity0 were anesthetized (pentobarbital) and the renal function was isolated. Administration of i.c.v. as well as i.r. @entity5 produced an increase in @entity2 excretion and urine flow fate. Pretreatment with intravenous @entity3 (0.15 mg/kg) completely attenuated the response to i.c.v. @entity5 (1 nmol/5 microliters) but only slightly altered the response to i.r. @entity5 (3 nmol/kg/min). Conversely, intravenous pretreatment with the @entity1 preferring receptor antagonist @entity4 (0.3 mg/kg) completely blocked the response to i.r. @entity5 (3 nmol/kg/min) without altering the response to i.c.v. @entity5 (0.3 nmol/kg). These results would be consistent with the natriuresis observed following i.c.v. @entity5 as being mediated by @entity1 preferring receptors located centrally, whereas that following i.r. @entity5 was mediated directly by renal @entity1 -preferring receptors, with a small component of this response conceivably due to activation of central @entity1 preferring receptors. In summary, the antihypertensive effect of @entity1 preferring receptor agonists may be associated with a natriuresis that is due to stimulation of these receptors, found both peripherally (renal) and centrally.

title: Central and renal I1 @entity1 preferring receptors: two unique sites mediating natriuresis in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Fatigue is common and burdensome in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Despite @entity1 @entity3 progression varying significantly between individuals in practice, existing longitudinal analyses only examine symptom advancement on a population level. This study aimed to determine @entity3 trajectories at an individual level and to characterize those @entity0 with the poorest prognosis, with a view to enabling earlier interventions. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity1 reporting clinically relevant baseline @entity3 (>=  20 mm on a 0-100 mm visual analog scale) were identified from a longterm inflammatory @entity2 cohort (the Norfolk @entity2 Register). Fatigue changes from baseline to 1- and 4-year followups were calculated, and sex-stratified group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) determined trajectories of the symptom between which baseline characteristics were compared. RESULTS: Among 338 @entity0 , only minimal average changes were observed between recruitment to 1 year (6.0 mm, SD 26.9) and 4 years (5.5 mm, SD 29.3). This was despite 45.6% and 40.7% of @entity0 reporting clinically significant improvements (>=  10 mm) at these respective followups. GBTM revealed varied trajectories of @entity3 , which for both sexes consisted of Improved ( @entity0 , n = 48 and @entity0 , n = 81) or persistent Moderate-high paths (n = 54, n = 105), and further included a persistent High trajectory in @entity0 (n = 50). @entity0 who followed persistent trajectories were best distinguished from improvers by @entity0 -reported rather than demographic or clinical variables. CONCLUSION: Among @entity0 with @entity1 presenting with clinically relevant @entity3 , distinct longitudinal symptom trajectories were identified on an individual level despite nominal average changes in @entity3 on a group level. It is possible to identify and characterize subgroups of @entity0 who report persistent @entity3 and should therefore be targeted to receive future @entity3 -alleviating interventions.

title: The Longitudinal Course of Fatigue in @entity1 : Results from the Norfolk XXXX Register.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Fatigue is common and burdensome in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Despite @entity1 @entity3 progression varying significantly between individuals in practice, existing longitudinal analyses only examine symptom advancement on a population level. This study aimed to determine @entity3 trajectories at an individual level and to characterize those @entity0 with the poorest prognosis, with a view to enabling earlier interventions. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity1 reporting clinically relevant baseline @entity3 (>=  20 mm on a 0-100 mm visual analog scale) were identified from a longterm inflammatory @entity2 cohort (the Norfolk @entity2 Register). Fatigue changes from baseline to 1- and 4-year followups were calculated, and sex-stratified group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) determined trajectories of the symptom between which baseline characteristics were compared. RESULTS: Among 338 @entity0 , only minimal average changes were observed between recruitment to 1 year (6.0 mm, SD 26.9) and 4 years (5.5 mm, SD 29.3). This was despite 45.6% and 40.7% of @entity0 reporting clinically significant improvements (>=  10 mm) at these respective followups. GBTM revealed varied trajectories of @entity3 , which for both sexes consisted of Improved ( @entity0 , n = 48 and @entity0 , n = 81) or persistent Moderate-high paths (n = 54, n = 105), and further included a persistent High trajectory in @entity0 (n = 50). @entity0 who followed persistent trajectories were best distinguished from improvers by @entity0 -reported rather than demographic or clinical variables. CONCLUSION: Among @entity0 with @entity1 presenting with clinically relevant @entity3 , distinct longitudinal symptom trajectories were identified on an individual level despite nominal average changes in @entity3 on a group level. It is possible to identify and characterize subgroups of @entity0 who report persistent @entity3 and should therefore be targeted to receive future @entity3 -alleviating interventions.

title: The Longitudinal Course of Fatigue in XXXX : Results from the Norfolk @entity2 Register.

answer: @entity1


abstract: An outbreak of @entity1 and @entity2 began at a hospital for the elderly on the 25 October 1991. The symptoms and pattern of spread suggested a viral aetiology from a point source. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of @entity4 . The first wave of illness affected 37 @entity0 and 28 staff. Secondary cases occurred on all wards. Analytical studies of food consumed at three lunchtime meetings by staff and visitors to the hospital demonstrated a clear association between eating sandwiches and subsequent illness. The source of the outbreak was probably a food handler involved in the preparation of sandwiches. Control measures were implemented and the outbreak was declared over on the 11 November 1991. At this time 95 @entity0 and 69 staff (including six visitors) had been affected. The implications for the future investigation and prevention of outbreaks of @entity3 in closed communities are discussed. An audit of the action taken during the outbreak resulted in the development of standards for the investigation and control of local outbreaks.

title: A hospital outbreak due to XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A prospective, controlled, and randomized clinical study was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the influence of @entity3 in the evolution of acute @entity2 . One hundred @entity0 were randomly divided into two groups, a control group (n = 50 @entity0 ) and a @entity3 group (n = 50 @entity0 to whom a dosage of 250 micrograms/h was administered for 48 h following a bolus of 250 micrograms at the beginning of therapy). The two groups were homogeneous in age, sex, etiology, and severity of clinical picture (on admission). The following parameters were compared in the two groups: 1. Evolution of the Computerized Axial Tomography (CT) findings on admission and after 48 h; 2. Length of hospital stay; 3. Need for surgery; and 4. Mortality. The results from the CT scans showed a significant statistical difference in favor of @entity3 regarding the evolution of @entity1 and length of stay in the hospital. Another study using a larger sample would be required in order to evaluate the rest of the parameters.

title: Influence of @entity3 in the evolution of acute XXXX . A prospective randomized study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A prospective, controlled, and randomized clinical study was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the influence of @entity3 in the evolution of acute @entity2 . One hundred @entity0 were randomly divided into two groups, a control group (n = 50 @entity0 ) and a @entity3 group (n = 50 @entity0 to whom a dosage of 250 micrograms/h was administered for 48 h following a bolus of 250 micrograms at the beginning of therapy). The two groups were homogeneous in age, sex, etiology, and severity of clinical picture (on admission). The following parameters were compared in the two groups: 1. Evolution of the Computerized Axial Tomography (CT) findings on admission and after 48 h; 2. Length of hospital stay; 3. Need for surgery; and 4. Mortality. The results from the CT scans showed a significant statistical difference in favor of @entity3 regarding the evolution of @entity1 and length of stay in the hospital. Another study using a larger sample would be required in order to evaluate the rest of the parameters.

title: Influence of XXXX in the evolution of acute @entity2 . A prospective randomized study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are a rare but significant cause of @entity5 . We aimed to define the clinical significance of rebleeding and identify the predictors of rebleeding and mortality in upper @entity4 (UGIDLs). METHODS: @entity0 diagnosed with UGIDLs between January 2004 and June 2013 were retrospectively evaluated. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to define the predictors of rebleeding and mortality in @entity0 with UGIDLs. RESULTS: The study group consisted of 81 male and 36 female @entity0 . Primary hemostasis was achieved in 115 out of 117 @entity0 (98.3%) with various endoscopic therapies. Rebleeding occurred in 10 @entity0 (8.5%). The mortality rate was significantly higher in @entity0 with rebleeding than in those without rebleeding (30.0% vs. 4.7%, p=0.020). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that @entity1 (p=0.006) and @entity3 (p=0.005) were significant predictors of rebleeding in UGIDLs and that @entity1 (p=0.004) and platelet count (p=0.013) were significant predictors of mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Rebleeding has an important prognostic significance in @entity0 with UGIDLs. @entity1 and @entity3 are major predictors of rebleeding and mortality in @entity0 with UGIDLs.

title: Predictors of Rebleeding in Upper XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the rate of severe @entity2 did not increase when the @entity6 pre-medication dose was reduced to 11   mg prior to @entity7 infusion. OBJECTIVES: @entity6 is commonly used to prevent the adverse effects of @entity7 in @entity3 treatment. The recommended @entity6 dose is 8   mg orally twice daily for 3 days for each injection of @entity7 . This pre-medication reduces the incidence of adverse effects to 1-2% of treated @entity0 . However, many adverse events have been observed with long-term @entity4 use. In an attempt to balance the benefits and harms of @entity4 prophylaxis without affecting the safety of @entity7 , this study tried to reduce the duration and dose of @entity6 . METHODS: In this study, a total of 336 @entity0 underwent @entity7 -containing protocols (TP or TPF regimens) to treat @entity3 . @entity7 was given in doses of 70   mg/m(2) once every 3 weeks. @entity6 (0.75   mg/tablet) pre-medication was given in different doses (45, 24, 18, and 11   mg); the minimum dose included 6   mg orally in the morning and 5   mg intravenously immediately before @entity7 infusion. RESULTS: Severe @entity2 were experienced by none of 30 @entity0 who received 45   mg (7.5   mg orally twice for 3 days) @entity6 pre-medication in 125 cycles, none of 20 @entity0 who received 24   mg (6   mg orally twice for 2 days) @entity6 in 77 cycles, and none of 20 @entity0 who received 18   mg (4.5   mg orally twice for 2 days) @entity6 in 79 cycles. Three of 266 @entity0 who received 11   mg @entity6 in 1054 applications developed a severe @entity2 with @entity9 and @entity5 , two of the 266 @entity0 developed a severe @entity8 , and four developed severe @entity1 .

title: Safe dose reduction of @entity4 pre-medication for XXXX in @entity3 treatment.

answer: @entity7


abstract: CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the rate of severe @entity2 did not increase when the @entity6 pre-medication dose was reduced to 11   mg prior to @entity7 infusion. OBJECTIVES: @entity6 is commonly used to prevent the adverse effects of @entity7 in @entity3 treatment. The recommended @entity6 dose is 8   mg orally twice daily for 3 days for each injection of @entity7 . This pre-medication reduces the incidence of adverse effects to 1-2% of treated @entity0 . However, many adverse events have been observed with long-term @entity4 use. In an attempt to balance the benefits and harms of @entity4 prophylaxis without affecting the safety of @entity7 , this study tried to reduce the duration and dose of @entity6 . METHODS: In this study, a total of 336 @entity0 underwent @entity7 -containing protocols (TP or TPF regimens) to treat @entity3 . @entity7 was given in doses of 70   mg/m(2) once every 3 weeks. @entity6 (0.75   mg/tablet) pre-medication was given in different doses (45, 24, 18, and 11   mg); the minimum dose included 6   mg orally in the morning and 5   mg intravenously immediately before @entity7 infusion. RESULTS: Severe @entity2 were experienced by none of 30 @entity0 who received 45   mg (7.5   mg orally twice for 3 days) @entity6 pre-medication in 125 cycles, none of 20 @entity0 who received 24   mg (6   mg orally twice for 2 days) @entity6 in 77 cycles, and none of 20 @entity0 who received 18   mg (4.5   mg orally twice for 2 days) @entity6 in 79 cycles. Three of 266 @entity0 who received 11   mg @entity6 in 1054 applications developed a severe @entity2 with @entity9 and @entity5 , two of the 266 @entity0 developed a severe @entity8 , and four developed severe @entity1 .

title: Safe dose reduction of XXXX pre-medication for @entity7 in @entity3 treatment.

answer: @entity4


abstract: CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the rate of severe @entity2 did not increase when the @entity6 pre-medication dose was reduced to 11   mg prior to @entity7 infusion. OBJECTIVES: @entity6 is commonly used to prevent the adverse effects of @entity7 in @entity3 treatment. The recommended @entity6 dose is 8   mg orally twice daily for 3 days for each injection of @entity7 . This pre-medication reduces the incidence of adverse effects to 1-2% of treated @entity0 . However, many adverse events have been observed with long-term @entity4 use. In an attempt to balance the benefits and harms of @entity4 prophylaxis without affecting the safety of @entity7 , this study tried to reduce the duration and dose of @entity6 . METHODS: In this study, a total of 336 @entity0 underwent @entity7 -containing protocols (TP or TPF regimens) to treat @entity3 . @entity7 was given in doses of 70   mg/m(2) once every 3 weeks. @entity6 (0.75   mg/tablet) pre-medication was given in different doses (45, 24, 18, and 11   mg); the minimum dose included 6   mg orally in the morning and 5   mg intravenously immediately before @entity7 infusion. RESULTS: Severe @entity2 were experienced by none of 30 @entity0 who received 45   mg (7.5   mg orally twice for 3 days) @entity6 pre-medication in 125 cycles, none of 20 @entity0 who received 24   mg (6   mg orally twice for 2 days) @entity6 in 77 cycles, and none of 20 @entity0 who received 18   mg (4.5   mg orally twice for 2 days) @entity6 in 79 cycles. Three of 266 @entity0 who received 11   mg @entity6 in 1054 applications developed a severe @entity2 with @entity9 and @entity5 , two of the 266 @entity0 developed a severe @entity8 , and four developed severe @entity1 .

title: Safe dose reduction of @entity4 pre-medication for @entity7 in XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Between January 1, 1982, and November 1, 1986, 169 cadaver renal graft transplantations were performed at this hospital with CsA as induction therapy. OKT3 was not available in this period. Of these grafts, 15.9% were lost within 6 months, 10.7% from acute rejection (AR). Between November 1, 1986, and October 1, 1992, 483 cadaver renal graft transplantation were performed. Induction therapy included @entity4 and OKT3 was available. Of these grafts, 8.7% were lost inside 6 months, 3.1% from AR. Of these last 483 grafts, 113 received 125 courses of OKT3. Ten courses were prophylactic, and 115 courses in 103 @entity0 were for rejection resistant to @entity1 therapy (biopsy proven in all but 2 cases. Ninety-three percent of rejection episodes treated with OKT3 responded, at least initially. Graft survival in OKT3-treated @entity0 was 81%, 77%, and 76% at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years, respectively. In contrast, graft survival in @entity1 -resistant rejection during the first period (without OKT3) was 59%, 57%, and 57% at these intervals. There were 8 infective @entity2 within 6 months in the 113 OKT3-treated @entity0 , compared with 2 in the 343 who did not receive OKT3 (P < 0.001). There were 7 viral @entity2 in the OKT3 group compared with none in those not receiving OKT3 (P < 0.001). Prophylaxis with oral @entity5 and @entity3 was instituted in October 1990 in OKT3-treated @entity0 and @entity7 use was increased. Since this change, no further viral @entity2 have occurred. OKT3 is a very effective antirejection agent, but its use is associated with an increased mortality from @entity6 . With appropriate prophylaxis and treatment, however, this mortality can be reduced.

title: Effect of OKT3 in XXXX -resistant renal transplant rejection.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A precise knowledge of the depth of invasion of @entity1 is essential for the planning of treatment of @entity1 . Transrectal ultrasonography is a new diagnostic modality that has become useful in determining the depth of invasion preoperatively and the presence or absence of metastatic lymph nodes. Transrectal ultrasonography was used in preoperative staging of 36 @entity0 with @entity1 . Thirty three @entity0 had a radical resection (17 low anterior resection, 15 abdominoperineal resection and 1 pelvic exenteration), one @entity0 had a local excision. Two among these thirty four @entity0 had preoperative radiotherapy. Preoperative transrectal ultrasonographic staging was compared with pathologic findings. In staging depth of invasion, the overall accuracy was 88.8 percent, overstaged in 5.8 percent, understaged in 5.8 percent. Transrectal ultrasonography is the more accurate method than CT in staging of depth of @entity1 invasion (61.8% vs 88.8%). In staging of lymph nodes, the overall accuracy of transrectal ultrasonography was 85.3 percent, sensitivity was 71.7 percent and specificity was 88.8 percent. Transrectal ultrasonography is a safe, inexpensive and accurate staging method in the assessment of both depth of invasion and nodal status.

title: Transrectal ultrasonography in preoperative staging of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Persistence of social attention by male and female @entity0 was examined following exposure to novel conspecifics. In experiment I we compared performance of castrate female controls. @entity1 significantly prolonged mean social investigation time. Castrate females treated with a 10-day regimen of @entity2 to that of intact males and castrate females treated with a relatively high dosage of @entity1 failed to differ from intact males. In Experiment II we compared neonatally androgenized female castrates with castrate male and castrate female controls. Postnatal exposure to @entity1 increased sensitivity of females to exogenous @entity1 in maturity as measured by persistence of social investigation. In Experiment III we compared investigation time of intact and castrate males and females at 10-day intervals from 40 to 80 days of age. Intact males investigated novel conspecifics significantly longer than other groups, with longest investigation times at 60 and 70 days of age. In Experiment IV we compared investigation times of 30-day, 60-day, and 200-day-old males. Sixty-day-old males investigated significantly longer than 30-day-old or 200-day-old groups, which failed to differ from each other. The combined results demonstrate a gender and age-related effect of @entity1 on persistence of social investigation.

title: Persistence of attention to a novel conspecific: some developmental variables in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 intrafusal fibers were classified on the basis of their @entity2 ( @entity2 ) composition, which was compared to that of @entity0 nuclear bag and nuclear chain types. METHODS: Immunoreactivities of intrafusal fibers from leg muscles of 8-week-old @entity1 were evaluated in serial cross-sections after incubation with monoclonal antibodies against slow-twitch, slow-tonic, or fast-twitch @entity2 and fast muscle C-protein. RESULTS: Four categories of slow intrafusal fiber could be distinguished on the basis of differential expression of slow-twitch and slow-tonic @entity2 . Segregation into types was most evident at the motor axon supplied pole, followed by the sensory region of the equator. Fiber types were least distinct at the juxtaequator where sensory and motor axons meet. Intrafusal fibers negative for slow myosins reacted with anti-fast myosins. Fast fibers were best viewed as a single group without subdivisions. Immunostaining for fast muscle C-protein paralleled in large part reactivities for neonatal/fast @entity2 , indicating that proteins other than @entity2 are useful fiber type markers. CONCLUSIONS: Despite regional changes along the length of intrafusal fibers and some variation within fiber types, the concept of separate @entity2 -based fiber types was valid as long as typing of fibers was restricted to the proximal polar region. Comparisons of @entity2 profiles revealed similarities between @entity1 fast intrafusal fibers and @entity0 nuclear chain fibers and between some @entity1 slow intrafusal fibers and @entity0 nuclear bag fibers.

title: Type and regional diversity in the distribution of myosin heavy chains in XXXX intrafusal muscle fibers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Since the peritoneal cavity is the most common site of initial recurrence in @entity0 after surgery for @entity2 , an intraperitoneal (IP) adjuvant treatment was tested in @entity0 with resected @entity2 with serosal involvement. Between March 1986 and September 1991, 44 consecutive @entity0 with resected T3/T4-N0/N+ @entity2 were given an IP combination, including @entity4 or @entity8 , @entity7 , and alpha interferon-2b. The overall survival of these @entity0 was compared with that observed in 47 historical controls (admitted to the same institutions from 1983 to 1986) with similar prognostic characteristics, who had not received adjuvant treatment after surgery. No major complication relating to the IP route was observed. Mild to moderate @entity3 occurred in nine @entity0 . Grade 3-4 myelotoxicity occurred in 14 @entity0 . Interferon had to be reduced in five @entity0 and suspended in one because of severe @entity5 . Emesis occurred in 23/28 @entity0 given @entity4 and 9/16 given @entity8 . At the time of this analysis (September 1992) median follow-up was 42 months (range 12-78) in the group receiving IP treatment, and 97 months (range 74-128) in the historical controls. There had been 20 @entity1 among treated @entity0 compared with 36 in the control group. The 5-year estimated survival rate was significantly better in the @entity0 who received IP adjuvant treatment (44% +/- 9 versus 23% +/- 6; P = 0.016). Using the Cox proportional hazard model with a backward procedure to correct for the influence of prognostic pretreatment variables, IP treatment again afforded a significant advantage in terms of survival (P = 0.04). @entity6 immunochemotherapy appears to improve prognosis compared with historical controls in @entity0 having operable @entity2 with serosal infiltration.

title: Intraperitoneal adjuvant immunochemotherapy in operable XXXX with serosal involvement.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Seven protein kinase @entity2 alpha clones were isolated from a @entity0 genomic DNA library. They were assigned to four different genomic loci (A,B,C,D). Locus D was previously identified as a processed pseudogene (Boldyreff et al. (1992) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 186, 723-730). Here we present sequences of genomic loci B and C and the @entity0 @entity2 alpha cDNA. Loci B and C are like locus D processed pseudogenes, however, with considerable differences among each other and to the cDNA, especially with respect to the lengths of the putative gene products. Genomic locus D would code for a protein of 82 @entity1 , locus B for a protein of 132 @entity1 and locus C product for the full length product of 391 @entity1 as the @entity0 cDNA.

title: Characterization of the cDNA and three processed pseudogenes from the @entity0 protein kinase XXXX alpha subunit.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Seven protein kinase @entity2 alpha clones were isolated from a @entity0 genomic DNA library. They were assigned to four different genomic loci (A,B,C,D). Locus D was previously identified as a processed pseudogene (Boldyreff et al. (1992) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 186, 723-730). Here we present sequences of genomic loci B and C and the @entity0 @entity2 alpha cDNA. Loci B and C are like locus D processed pseudogenes, however, with considerable differences among each other and to the cDNA, especially with respect to the lengths of the putative gene products. Genomic locus D would code for a protein of 82 @entity1 , locus B for a protein of 132 @entity1 and locus C product for the full length product of 391 @entity1 as the @entity0 cDNA.

title: Characterization of the cDNA and three processed pseudogenes from the XXXX protein kinase @entity2 alpha subunit.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Extracellular recordings were obtained from neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the substantia nigra, including the zona compacta (SNC) and the zona reticulata (SNR), and the midbrain reticular formation (FOR) of adult female albino @entity0 anesthetized with @entity3 and @entity5 . Based on electrophysiological characteristics the neurons were divided into two types. Type I neurons, with relatively long spike durations and slow discharge rates, were confined to the VTA and SNC. @entity1 , with @entity4 and faster discharge rates, were observed in the SNR and FOR as well as the VTA and SNC. The effects of foot pinch (FP), tail pinch (TP) and stimulation of the vaginal cervix (VC) on the activity of the two types of neurons were investigated. Previously it was demonstrated that FP was aversive, TP elicited locomotion, sniffing and gnawing responses and VC @entity2 response, vocalization and immobility. For approximately two-thirds of the neurons the effects of the three peripheral stimuli were similar; either they were activated or suppressed. Approximately 8 percent of the neurons were suppressed by FP and TP and activated by VC whereas a similar number were activated by FP and TP and suppressed by VC. Type 1 and @entity1 in the VTA and SN were activated and suppressed by the peripheral stimuli with suppression being the most common response to FP and TP. The results are consistent with the view that VTA and SN neurons integrate a number of central and peripheral inputs.

title: Effects of peripheral stimulation on the activity of neurons in the ventral tegmental area, substantia nigra and midbrain reticular formation of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Two cases of pancreatic @entity1 accompanied by @entity9 are reported. Case 1 was a 60-year-old @entity0 who was admitted to our hospital complaining of left lower abdominal discomfort. A @entity8 , about 3 cm in diameter, was found in the pancreatic tail by ultrasonography (US) and computed tomography (CT). No signs of chronic @entity5 were found. At operation, an elastic, hard, white @entity1 , about 1 cm in diameter, was felt adjacent to the @entity8 on the duodenal side. Histologically, this @entity1 was a @entity7 with an adjacent @entity9 upstream of the pancreas. Case 2 was a 57-year-old @entity0 who complained of @entity4 and loss of body weight. US and CT examination revealed a @entity8 , 11 x 7 cm in size, in the tail of the pancreas. Histological examination of the resected specimen revealed both a @entity7 , 3 cm in size, in the body of the pancreas and a @entity9 , 9 cm in size. Pseudocysts accompanying @entity3 are thought to develop from obstruction of the pancreatic duct by the @entity3 , followed by intraductal high pressure and disruption of ductules upstream of the pancreas. Thus, we should pay careful attention to @entity9 , especially when signs of @entity2 cannot be found, to help identify @entity7 in the early stage. Further detailed examinations of the cyst fluid or pancreatic juice, such as cytology, @entity1 marker determinations, or establishment of @entity6 codon 12 mutation, are needed.

title: Pancreatic carcinoma accompanied by XXXX : report of two cases.

answer: @entity9


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Axillary lymph node status, a major prognostic factor in @entity0 , provides information important for individualized surgical treatment. Because imaging techniques have limited sensitivity to detect @entity2 in axillary lymph nodes, the axilla must be explored surgically. The histology of all resected nodes at the time of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) has traditionally been regarded as the most accurate method for assessing metastatic spread of disease to the locoregional lymph nodes. However, @entity6 may result in @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity5 , and other short-term and long-term complications limiting functionality and reducing quality of life. Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is a less invasive method of assessing nodal involvement. The concept of SLNB is based on the notion that @entity3 drain in an orderly manner through the lymphatic system. Therefore, the @entity8 is the first to be affected by @entity2 if the @entity3 has spread, and a @entity3 -free @entity8 makes it highly unlikely for other nodes to be affected. Sentinel lymph node biopsy has become the standard of care for primary treatment of early @entity0 and has replaced @entity6 to stage clinically node-negative @entity1 , thus reducing @entity6 -associated morbidity. More than 20 years after its introduction, there are still aspects concerning SLNB and @entity6 that are currently debated. Moreover, SLNB remains an unstandardized procedure surrounded by many unresolved controversies concerning the technique itself. In this article, we review the main indications, contraindications, and controversies of SLNB in @entity0 in the light of the most recent publications.

title: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in XXXX : Indications, Contraindications, and Controversies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The fractions of cells in the different phases of the cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry in 70 @entity1 @entity0 and six @entity1 benign breast tissues. This procedure showed that 44% of the @entity3 and none of the benign tissues were aneuploid as determined by mixing experiments using normal peripheral blood as a standard for DNA content per nucleus. The mean percent S-phase fraction (% S) values +/- S.D. for benign and malignant tissues were 6.9 +/- 1.6 and 13.7 +/- 6.5, respectively. By our procedure, @entity3 seem to have significantly higher mean % S value than do diploid @entity3 . @entity0 tissue which contained @entity4 receptors had a mean % S value of 11.3, while those @entity3 which had neither the @entity5 nor @entity6 receptors had a mean % S value of 17.1 (p less than 0.01). The @entity5 receptor status had a better inverse relationship to the cell kinetic data than did the @entity6 receptor status. The use of molecular forms of the @entity4 receptor was of some assistance in improving the inverse relationship between cell kinetics and @entity4 receptor status. A trend was observed between lack of @entity4 receptors and higher probability of the @entity3 being aneuploid. From the limited clinical data, there was no relationship between cell kinetic and aneuploid data with respect to nodal status, @entity2 , and menopausal status. The possible use of these data is discussed.

title: Relationship of XXXX receptor, cell kinetics, and clinical status in @entity1 with @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The fractions of cells in the different phases of the cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry in 70 @entity1 @entity0 and six @entity1 benign breast tissues. This procedure showed that 44% of the @entity3 and none of the benign tissues were aneuploid as determined by mixing experiments using normal peripheral blood as a standard for DNA content per nucleus. The mean percent S-phase fraction (% S) values +/- S.D. for benign and malignant tissues were 6.9 +/- 1.6 and 13.7 +/- 6.5, respectively. By our procedure, @entity3 seem to have significantly higher mean % S value than do diploid @entity3 . @entity0 tissue which contained @entity4 receptors had a mean % S value of 11.3, while those @entity3 which had neither the @entity5 nor @entity6 receptors had a mean % S value of 17.1 (p less than 0.01). The @entity5 receptor status had a better inverse relationship to the cell kinetic data than did the @entity6 receptor status. The use of molecular forms of the @entity4 receptor was of some assistance in improving the inverse relationship between cell kinetics and @entity4 receptor status. A trend was observed between lack of @entity4 receptors and higher probability of the @entity3 being aneuploid. From the limited clinical data, there was no relationship between cell kinetic and aneuploid data with respect to nodal status, @entity2 , and menopausal status. The possible use of these data is discussed.

title: Relationship of @entity4 receptor, cell kinetics, and clinical status in @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The fractions of cells in the different phases of the cell cycle were determined by flow cytometry in 70 @entity1 @entity0 and six @entity1 benign breast tissues. This procedure showed that 44% of the @entity3 and none of the benign tissues were aneuploid as determined by mixing experiments using normal peripheral blood as a standard for DNA content per nucleus. The mean percent S-phase fraction (% S) values +/- S.D. for benign and malignant tissues were 6.9 +/- 1.6 and 13.7 +/- 6.5, respectively. By our procedure, @entity3 seem to have significantly higher mean % S value than do diploid @entity3 . @entity0 tissue which contained @entity4 receptors had a mean % S value of 11.3, while those @entity3 which had neither the @entity5 nor @entity6 receptors had a mean % S value of 17.1 (p less than 0.01). The @entity5 receptor status had a better inverse relationship to the cell kinetic data than did the @entity6 receptor status. The use of molecular forms of the @entity4 receptor was of some assistance in improving the inverse relationship between cell kinetics and @entity4 receptor status. A trend was observed between lack of @entity4 receptors and higher probability of the @entity3 being aneuploid. From the limited clinical data, there was no relationship between cell kinetic and aneuploid data with respect to nodal status, @entity2 , and menopausal status. The possible use of these data is discussed.

title: Relationship of @entity4 receptor, cell kinetics, and clinical status in XXXX with @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Antipsychotic-induced @entity3 (AIWG) is a common side effect of treatment with antipsychotics such as @entity5 and @entity4 . The orexin gene and its receptors are expressed in the hypothalamus and have been associated with maintenance of energy homeostasis. In this study, we have analysed tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in @entity7 ( @entity7 and @entity8 ) for association with AIWG. METHODS: @entity1 or @entity2 subjects (n   =   218), treated mostly with @entity5 and @entity4 for up to 14 weeks, were included. Replication was conducted in a subset of CATIE samples (n   =   122) treated with either @entity4 or @entity6 for up to 190 days. Association between SNPs and AIWG was assessed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with baseline weight and duration of treatment as covariates. RESULTS: Several SNPs in @entity8 were nominally associated with AIWG in @entity0 of European ancestry treated with either @entity5 or @entity4 (P<0.05). In the replication analysis two SNPs @entity9 (P   =   0.043) and @entity10 (P   =   0.012) were nominally associated with AIWG. None of the SNPs in @entity7 were associated with AIWG. CONCLUSION: This study provides preliminary evidence supporting the role of @entity8 in AIWG. However, these results need to be confirmed in large study samples.

title: Association of orexin receptor polymorphisms with antipsychotic-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a common binocular vision deficit after a sport-related concussion (SRC). @entity5 may result in visual discomfort and vision-mediated functional difficulties such as slowed reading and compromised attention, leading to impaired @entity7 , work, and sport performance. PURPOSE: To test the reliability of repeated @entity4 ( @entity4 ) measurements in a sample of athletes after an SRC; compare the symptoms and @entity1 with normal @entity4 to those with @entity5 after an SRC; and explore the relationship among age, sex, @entity7 , @entity6 history, and @entity5 . STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: A total of 78 athletes (mean age, 14.31    2.77 years) who were seen a mean 5.79    5.63 days after an SRC were administered 3 trials of an @entity4 assessment, along with neurocognitive (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing [ImPACT]) and symptom assessments. @entity0 were divided into normal @entity4 ( @entity4  <=5 cm; n = 45) and @entity5 ( @entity4 >5 cm; n = 33) groups. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and repeated-measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) assessed the consistency of @entity4 across the 3 trials. The ANOVAs were employed to examine differences on neurocognitive composites and symptoms between the normal @entity4 and @entity5 groups. Stepwise regressions (controlling for age and symptom scores on the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale [PCSS]) were conducted to evaluate the predictive utility of the @entity4 distance for @entity3 . RESULTS: Groups did not differ on @entity2 characteristics. @entity4 differed between trial 1 and trials 2 (P = .02) and 3 (P = .01) for the @entity5 group but not the normal @entity4 group. Internal consistency was high across @entity4 measurements (ICC range, 0.95-0.98). @entity0 with @entity5 performed worse on verbal memory (P = .02), visual motor speed (P = .02), and reaction time (P = .001,   (2) = .13) and had greater total symptom scores (P = .02) after the injury. Results of hierarchical regression revealed that the @entity4 distance contributed significantly to the model for reaction time (P < .001). CONCLUSION: @entity5 was common (~42%) in athletes evaluated within 1 month after an SRC. Athletes with @entity5 had worse @entity3 and higher symptom scores than did those with normal @entity4 . Clinicians should consider routinely screening for @entity4 as part of a comprehensive concussion evaluation to help inform treatment recommendations, @entity7 accommodations, and referrals for vision therapy.

title: Near Point of Convergence After a Sport-Related Concussion: Measurement Reliability and Relationship to XXXX and Symptoms.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 chymotrypsin-like @entity2 proteases (SPs) are one of the best-studied family of enzymes with roles in a wide range of physiological processes, including digestion, @entity3 , fibrinolysis and humoral immunity. Extracellular SPs can form cascades, in which one protease activates the zymogen of the next protease in the chain, to amplify physiological or pathological signals. These extracellular SPs are generally multi-domain proteins, with pro-domains that are involved in protein-protein interactions critical for the sequential organization of the cascades, the control of their intensity and their proper localization. Far less is known about invertebrate SPs than their @entity0 counterparts. In insect genomes, SPs and their proteolytically inactive homologs (SPHs) constitute large protein families. In addition to the chymotrypsin fold, many of these proteins contain additional structural domains, often with conserved @entity0 orthologues. However, the largest group of arthropod SP regulatory modules is the clip domains family, which has only been identified in arthropods. The clip-domain SPs are extracellular and have roles in the immune response and embryonic development. The powerful reverse-genetics tools in @entity1 have been essential to identify the functions of clip-SPs and their organization in sequential cascades. This review focuses on the current knowledge of @entity1 clip-SPs and presents, when necessary, data obtained in other insect models. We will first cover the biochemical and structural features of clip domain SPs and SPHs. Clip-SPs are implicated in three main biological processes: the control of the dorso-ventral patterning during embryonic development; the activation of the @entity4 -mediated response to microbial infections and the prophenoloxydase cascade, which triggers melanization. Finally, we review the regulation of SPs and SPHs, from specificity of activation to inhibition by endogenous or pathogen-encoded inhibitors.

title: XXXX clip-domain @entity2 proteases: Structure, function and regulation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 chymotrypsin-like @entity2 proteases (SPs) are one of the best-studied family of enzymes with roles in a wide range of physiological processes, including digestion, @entity3 , fibrinolysis and humoral immunity. Extracellular SPs can form cascades, in which one protease activates the zymogen of the next protease in the chain, to amplify physiological or pathological signals. These extracellular SPs are generally multi-domain proteins, with pro-domains that are involved in protein-protein interactions critical for the sequential organization of the cascades, the control of their intensity and their proper localization. Far less is known about invertebrate SPs than their @entity0 counterparts. In insect genomes, SPs and their proteolytically inactive homologs (SPHs) constitute large protein families. In addition to the chymotrypsin fold, many of these proteins contain additional structural domains, often with conserved @entity0 orthologues. However, the largest group of arthropod SP regulatory modules is the clip domains family, which has only been identified in arthropods. The clip-domain SPs are extracellular and have roles in the immune response and embryonic development. The powerful reverse-genetics tools in @entity1 have been essential to identify the functions of clip-SPs and their organization in sequential cascades. This review focuses on the current knowledge of @entity1 clip-SPs and presents, when necessary, data obtained in other insect models. We will first cover the biochemical and structural features of clip domain SPs and SPHs. Clip-SPs are implicated in three main biological processes: the control of the dorso-ventral patterning during embryonic development; the activation of the @entity4 -mediated response to microbial infections and the prophenoloxydase cascade, which triggers melanization. Finally, we review the regulation of SPs and SPHs, from specificity of activation to inhibition by endogenous or pathogen-encoded inhibitors.

title: @entity1 clip-domain XXXX proteases: Structure, function and regulation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A series of 26 conservatively treated @entity0 with low stage @entity2 was examined later by outpatient cystoscopy, conventional cytology and flow cytometry. Based on those findings the @entity0 were separated into 5 groups. In the 4 @entity0 in group 1 all findings persistently were negative. The 4 @entity0 in group 2 had initially normal cystoscopy with progressively more abnormal flow cytometry and intermittently positive cytology; they subsequently suffered @entity1 . The 10 @entity0 in group 3 had positive cystoscopy and flow cytometry, and intermittently positive cytology. The 6 @entity0 in group 4 had negative cystoscopy with intermittently positive cytology and persistently positive flow cytometry. In all 6 cases flow cytometry was more sensitive than conventional cytology in detecting early and, sometimes, @entity6 . In the 2 @entity0 in group 5 cystoscopically visible @entity4 and low grade @entity5 were found with negative flow cytometry and negative or suspicious cytology. The @entity1 in these 2 @entity0 were believed to be composed principally of benign or atypical epithelium, with too few malignant cells to be detected by present flow cytometry techniques. Our preliminary results suggest that flow cytometry may be a valuable tool for followup of @entity0 who have had conservatively treated low stage @entity2 and are at risk for development of @entity3 . In addition, the techniques may be used to monitor changes in the proportion of benign and malignant cells and, thus, can be of help in following the course of newly forming @entity4 , @entity5 or @entity3 in situ in @entity4 or flat epithelium.

title: Flow cytometry for followup examinations of conservatively treated low stage XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: To elucidate the clinical significance of cervical cytology during pregnancy, 7,725 pregnant @entity0 were examined. Abnormal cytologic findings were recorded in 65 cases (0.8%). Colposcopically directed punch biopsies revealed @entity4 and @entity2 in 27 cases (0.35%). The incidences in a massive examination for 714,119 @entity0 in Osaka Prefecture were 1.1% and 0.25%, respectively. Cytologic findings of the @entity0 with cervical @entity1 during pregnancy agreed well (76%) with their histologic findings. Colposcopically, the squamo-columnar junction was visible in many cases, and white epithelium was most commonly observed during pregnancy. Pre- and postpartum follow-up study revealed that progression from @entity3 was seen only in two (20%) of 20 cases. Laser conization was performed on six @entity0 during pregnancy, and four were @entity2 , all of which underwent normal vaginal delivery without any complication from conization. These results suggest that routine cervical cytology must be performed during pregnancy, and cytologic and colposcopic diagnosis may supply enough data to avoid unnecessary biopsies. Moreover, laser conization is recommended as an excellent diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for @entity0 with @entity2 during pregnancy.

title: Cervical cytology and conservative management of cervical XXXX during pregnancy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Automatic classification of tissue types of region of interest (ROI) plays an important role in computer-aided diagnosis. In the current study, we focus on the classification of three types of @entity3 (i.e., @entity4 , @entity1 , and @entity2 ) in T1-weighted contrast-enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) images. @entity5 ( @entity5 ), which splits the image into increasingly fine rectangular subregions and computes histograms of local features from each subregion, exhibits excellent results for natural scene classification. However, this approach is not applicable for @entity3 , because of the great variations in @entity0 shape and size. In this paper, we propose a method to enhance the classification performance. First, the augmented @entity0 region via image dilation is used as the ROI instead of the original @entity0 region because @entity0 surrounding tissues can also offer important clues for @entity0 types. Second, the augmented @entity0 region is split into increasingly fine ring-form subregions. We evaluate the efficacy of the proposed method on a large dataset with three feature extraction methods, namely, intensity histogram, gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), and bag-of-words (BoW) model. Compared with using @entity0 region as ROI, using augmented @entity0 region as ROI improves the accuracies to 82.31% from 71.39%, 84.75% from 78.18%, and 88.19% from 83.54% for intensity histogram, GLCM, and BoW model, respectively. In addition to region augmentation, ring-form partition can further improve the accuracies up to 87.54%, 89.72%, and 91.28%. These experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible and effective for the classification of @entity3 in T1-weighted CE-MRI.

title: Enhanced Performance of XXXX Classification via Tumor Region Augmentation and Partition.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Probiotics are increasingly used for prevention and treatment of @entity1 more in @entity0 than in adults. Given the broad spectrum of @entity1 , this review focuses on the main etiologies: @entity3 , antibiotic-associated @entity1 (AAD), and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). For each, we reviewed randomized controlled trials, meta-analyses, and guidelines. For @entity3 we found 12 guidelines: 5 recommended probiotics and 7 did not. However, the guidelines containing positive recommendations provided proof of evidence from clinical trials and meta-analyses. @entity5 (LGG) and @entity2 boulardii had the most compelling evidence of efficacy as they reduced the duration of the disease by 1 day. For AAD 4 meta-analyses were found, reporting variable efficacy of probiotics in preventing @entity1 , based on the setting, @entity0 's age, and antibiotics. The most effective strains were LGG and S. boulardii. For @entity6 , we found 3 randomized controlled trials, 5 meta-analyses, and 4 position papers. Probiotics reduced the risk of @entity6 and mortality in preterm babies. Guidelines did not support a routine use of probiotics and asked for further data for such sensitive implications. In conclusion, there is strong and solid proof of efficacy of probiotics as active treatment of @entity4 in addition to rehydration. There is solid evidence that probiotics have some efficacy in prevention of AAD, but the number needed to treat is an issue. For both etiologies LGG and S. boulardii have the strongest evidence. In @entity6 the indications are more debated, yet on the basis of available data and their implications, probiotics should be carefully considered.

title: Probiotics for Prevention and Treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Changes in medical therapy and surgery might have influenced the natural history of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Our aim was to explore the short-term outcome of @entity1 and to specifically assess trends in disease phenotype, medications and surgery in the first five years from diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A population-based cohort comprising 472 @entity1 @entity0 diagnosed within the primary catchment area of   rebro University Hospital 1963-2005 were identified retrospectively and described. Data on medication, surgery, progression in disease location and behavior, were extracted from the medical records. @entity0 were divided into three cohorts based on year of diagnosis. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity0 with complicated disease behavior five years after diagnosis decreased from 54.4% (95%CI, 43.9-65.6) to 33.3% (27.4-40.0) in @entity0 diagnosed 1963-1975 and 1991-2005, respectively (p   =   0.002), whereas the proportion of @entity0 progressing to complicated disease behavior was stable among those with non-stricturing, non-penetrating disease at diagnosis (p   =   0.435). The proportion of @entity0 undergoing surgery decreased from 65.8% (55.4-76.0) to 34.6% (28.6-41.5) in @entity0 diagnosed 1963-1975 and 1991-2005, respectively (p   <   0.001). The reduction in surgery preceded an increased use of immunomodulators and was explained by a decrease in surgery within three months from diagnosis (p   =   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a striking decrease in complicated disease behavior and surgery five years after @entity1 diagnosis, the latter largely due to a decrease in early surgery. Our findings suggest that the introduction of new treatments alone does not explain the reduction in surgery rates, the increasing proportion of @entity0 with @entity2 at diagnosis also play an important role.

title: The changing face of XXXX : a population-based study of the natural history of @entity1 in   rebro, Sweden 1963-2005.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Changes in medical therapy and surgery might have influenced the natural history of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Our aim was to explore the short-term outcome of @entity1 and to specifically assess trends in disease phenotype, medications and surgery in the first five years from diagnosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A population-based cohort comprising 472 @entity1 @entity0 diagnosed within the primary catchment area of   rebro University Hospital 1963-2005 were identified retrospectively and described. Data on medication, surgery, progression in disease location and behavior, were extracted from the medical records. @entity0 were divided into three cohorts based on year of diagnosis. RESULTS: The proportion of @entity0 with complicated disease behavior five years after diagnosis decreased from 54.4% (95%CI, 43.9-65.6) to 33.3% (27.4-40.0) in @entity0 diagnosed 1963-1975 and 1991-2005, respectively (p   =   0.002), whereas the proportion of @entity0 progressing to complicated disease behavior was stable among those with non-stricturing, non-penetrating disease at diagnosis (p   =   0.435). The proportion of @entity0 undergoing surgery decreased from 65.8% (55.4-76.0) to 34.6% (28.6-41.5) in @entity0 diagnosed 1963-1975 and 1991-2005, respectively (p   <   0.001). The reduction in surgery preceded an increased use of immunomodulators and was explained by a decrease in surgery within three months from diagnosis (p   =   0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We observed a striking decrease in complicated disease behavior and surgery five years after @entity1 diagnosis, the latter largely due to a decrease in early surgery. Our findings suggest that the introduction of new treatments alone does not explain the reduction in surgery rates, the increasing proportion of @entity0 with @entity2 at diagnosis also play an important role.

title: The changing face of @entity1 : a population-based study of the natural history of XXXX in   rebro, Sweden 1963-2005.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study early hip involvement in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonography in the detection of hip joint @entity4 in @entity2 . METHODS: Study I: The number of @entity3 was recorded in a cohort of 113 @entity0 with @entity2 of at least five years disease duration followed from an early stage. Study II: Ultrasonography was evaluated as a method to identify hip joint @entity4 in 76 @entity0 with @entity2 of @entity1 duration, by relating it to radiograms and clinical findings. RESULTS: Study I: Twenty one @entity3 were performed in 15 of the 113 @entity0 . The median disease duration at the time of first arthroplasty was 48 (range 10-76) months; the annual incidence was approximately constant between two and six years. High disease activity at the start of the study was predictive of requirement for hip prosthesis. Study II: Hip ultrasonography was pathological in 13 of the 76 @entity0 studied, bilaterally in nine. @entity3 could not be confirmed on clinical grounds only as seven of the @entity0 with positive ultrasonographic findings were asymptomatic, and the remaining six @entity0 had only mild symptoms of hip involvement. Also, six of the 63 @entity0 with normal ultrasonography had mild symptoms. There was no difference regarding demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings in @entity0 with and without @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Early hip joint destruction giving symptoms mostly at a very late stage is frequent in @entity2 . Ultrasonography rather than signs or symptoms could identify @entity0 with hip joint involvement and provide a rationale for early treatment.

title: Hip involvement in early XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prognostic significance of @entity0 characteristics and radiographic features at the knee for outcome of @entity3 . METHODS: This was a prospective observational study of 350 osteoarthritic knees. Clinical and radiographic data were obtained on 188 hospital referred @entity0 (mean age 70, range 34-91 years). RESULTS: Median duration of follow up was two years (range 1-5 years). The majority of @entity0 (48%) reported deterioration, but 23% experienced improvement in symptoms during the study period. Reported exercise tolerance remained unchanged in the majority (62%) and deteriorated in 35%. Change in at least one individual radiographic feature of @entity2 was seen in 252 (72%) knees: increase in joint space narrowing occurred in 52%, osteophyte in 32%, cysts in 19%, @entity5 in 14%, and @entity6 in 30%. Increase in Kellgren grade occurred in 137 (39%) knees. @entity4 , @entity2 at multiple joint sites, and nodal change associated with change in Kellgren grade (odds ratios 1.03, 2.39, and 1.80; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.01 to 1.05, 1.16 to 4.93, and 1.02 to 3.17, respectively); warmth at the knee associated with change in any radiographic feature (odds ratio 2.22; 95% CI 1.19 to 4.14). Development of, or increase in, @entity6 and joint space narrowing associated with worsening symptoms and function and occurred with increased frequency in knees with effusions, clinical warmth and @entity7 crystals in synovial fluid (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: A high rate of change, radiographic more than clinical, was seen in osteoarthritic knees during this study. Poor clinical and radiographic outcome associated with @entity7 crystal deposition and clinical @entity1 as reflected by knee effusion and warmth.

title: Factors affecting radiographic progression of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Tissue regeneration and root continuation are the ultimate goals in regenerative endodontics. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have been hypothesized to play roles in those processes. Therefore, preservation of cell vitality and promoting initial cell attachment seem to be crucial steps. The purposes of this study were to investigate the attachment ability and morphology of viable @entity0 @entity2 by using fibronectin immunofluoresence, alamarBlue assay, and scanning electron microscopy, when @entity2 were grown on @entity0 root dentin surfaces treated with 3Mix or @entity4 ( @entity5 ) at different concentrations. METHODS: @entity0 root dentin slices were divided into 6 groups: (1) control, (2) 3Mix 0.39   g/mL, (3) 3Mix 100   g/mL, (4) 3Mix paste, (5) @entity5 1  mg/mL, and (6) @entity5 1000  mg/mL. All samples were separately treated for 7 days and final rinsed with 17% @entity1 . Then primary @entity0 @entity2 were seeded. Fibronectin immunofluorescence was used to evaluate the attachment ability of @entity2 on treated dentin. A vitality assay by using alamarBlue was monitored at specific time intervals. The morphology of the cells on the dentin was observed under scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The lowest number of fibronectin-positive cells was observed on root dentin treated with 3Mix paste (P  <  .05). The 3Mix at 0.39 and 100   g/mL did not affect the amount of @entity3 attachment, whereas the viability of @entity2 on the dentin surface was significantly lower in the 100- g/mL 3Mix-treated group than in the negative control group (P  <  .05). Both concentrations of @entity5 induced @entity3 attachment (P  <  .05). Moreover, only cells grown on the surfaces treated with @entity5 exhibited cytoplasmic processes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 root dentin treated with 3Mix paste had significantly lower @entity3 attachment. The 3Mix at 0.39   g/mL and 100   g/mL had no significant negative effect on @entity3 attachment on dentin. Higher numbers of cells attaching on dentin were observed in @entity4 -treated groups.

title: Attachment Ability of @entity0 Apical Papilla Cells to Root Dentin Surfaces Treated with Either 3Mix or XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Tissue regeneration and root continuation are the ultimate goals in regenerative endodontics. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have been hypothesized to play roles in those processes. Therefore, preservation of cell vitality and promoting initial cell attachment seem to be crucial steps. The purposes of this study were to investigate the attachment ability and morphology of viable @entity0 @entity2 by using fibronectin immunofluoresence, alamarBlue assay, and scanning electron microscopy, when @entity2 were grown on @entity0 root dentin surfaces treated with 3Mix or @entity4 ( @entity5 ) at different concentrations. METHODS: @entity0 root dentin slices were divided into 6 groups: (1) control, (2) 3Mix 0.39   g/mL, (3) 3Mix 100   g/mL, (4) 3Mix paste, (5) @entity5 1  mg/mL, and (6) @entity5 1000  mg/mL. All samples were separately treated for 7 days and final rinsed with 17% @entity1 . Then primary @entity0 @entity2 were seeded. Fibronectin immunofluorescence was used to evaluate the attachment ability of @entity2 on treated dentin. A vitality assay by using alamarBlue was monitored at specific time intervals. The morphology of the cells on the dentin was observed under scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS: The lowest number of fibronectin-positive cells was observed on root dentin treated with 3Mix paste (P  <  .05). The 3Mix at 0.39 and 100   g/mL did not affect the amount of @entity3 attachment, whereas the viability of @entity2 on the dentin surface was significantly lower in the 100- g/mL 3Mix-treated group than in the negative control group (P  <  .05). Both concentrations of @entity5 induced @entity3 attachment (P  <  .05). Moreover, only cells grown on the surfaces treated with @entity5 exhibited cytoplasmic processes. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 root dentin treated with 3Mix paste had significantly lower @entity3 attachment. The 3Mix at 0.39   g/mL and 100   g/mL had no significant negative effect on @entity3 attachment on dentin. Higher numbers of cells attaching on dentin were observed in @entity4 -treated groups.

title: Attachment Ability of XXXX Apical Papilla Cells to Root Dentin Surfaces Treated with Either 3Mix or @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy of ultrasonography (US) vs magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of undescended nonpalpable @entity1 . DESIGN AND SETTING: A clinical, radiological, and surgical study was undertaken in @entity0 with undescended nonpalpable testes at Pavia and Milan (Italy) University Hospitals. @entity0 : Seventeen @entity0 with undescended nonpalpable testes aged 10 months to 14.5 years who were examined between 1989 and 1993. A total of 22 nonpalpable testes were examined using US and MRI techniques. Twenty-one testes were explored surgically. RESULTS: The US located 13 (62%) of 21 testes, 12 of which were found at surgery while one (5%) proved to be false positive. Eight (38%) of 21 evaluations were negative; four (19%) were true-negative results. Of the 12 gonads correctly localized with US, two (17%) were located near the internal inguinal ring while 10 (83%) were within the inguinal canal. The MRI examination located 11 (52%) of 21 gonads, all found at surgery. Of the 10 negative results (48%), five (24%) were false negatives and five agenetic testes (24%) were not found surgically. Of the 11 testes correctly localized using MRI, four were located in the abdomen or just proximal to the internal inguinal ring and seven were in the inguinal canal. Five of the six high testes were correctly localized using US and MRI (two using US and four using MRI). CONCLUSIONS: Neither US nor MRI is currently sensitive enough to stand alone as a screening modality for a nonpalpable @entity1 since the two techniques used separately gave a useful result in 16 (76%) of 21 testes. They appear to be complementary since their combined specificity compared with surgical findings was 95%. Since the localization of an undescended @entity1 is important for planning surgical strategy, US should be used for screening evaluation, and if it is not successful, it should be followed (before any invasive diagnostic procedure) by MRI, which appears to be more reliable in the localization of undescended, high, and "functioning" testes.

title: The accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography compared with surgical findings in the localization of the undescended XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A prospective double blind crossover study was carried out in 65 @entity0 comparing @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity2 as immunosuppressive agents in clinical renal transplantation to determine their relative merits vis-a-vis graft survival, @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity0 preference in the posttransplant period. @entity0 receiving renal allografts were randomly assigned to receive initial treatment with one of the drugs. Once maintenance doses were employed, the drug was switched for a 3-month period. There was no difference in overall graft survival at 1 year, 68% versus 56% (p greater than 0.4), for the two @entity0 groups. Likewise, there was no difference in blood pressure during the maintenance therapy crossover period, mean BP 129/86 during @entity5 therapy and 129/86 during @entity2 therapy. Overall @entity4 was not statistically different with the two drugs, 3.8 kg with @entity2 and 2.3 kg with @entity5 , p greater than 0.1. However, when @entity5 was used in the late posttransplant period, the @entity0 had a significantly smaller @entity4 , 0.95 kg versus 3.5 kg with @entity2 , p greater than 0.05. The incidence of @entity6 was significantly greater (p less than 0.02) during the early posttransplant period in those @entity0 treated with @entity5 . Finally, the majority of @entity0 (65%) had no preference for either drug. Of those with a preference, the majority (69%) preferred @entity5 . We conclude that therapy with @entity5 does not offer superior graft survival, less @entity1 or overriding @entity0 preference but does apparently lead to an increased incidence of @entity6 in the early posttransplant period. Thus it appears that @entity2 is the initial drug of choice as an immunosuppressive steroid in clinical renal transplantation.

title: A prospective study of @entity5 and XXXX as immunosuppressive agents in clinical renal transplantation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A prospective double blind crossover study was carried out in 65 @entity0 comparing @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity2 as immunosuppressive agents in clinical renal transplantation to determine their relative merits vis-a-vis graft survival, @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity0 preference in the posttransplant period. @entity0 receiving renal allografts were randomly assigned to receive initial treatment with one of the drugs. Once maintenance doses were employed, the drug was switched for a 3-month period. There was no difference in overall graft survival at 1 year, 68% versus 56% (p greater than 0.4), for the two @entity0 groups. Likewise, there was no difference in blood pressure during the maintenance therapy crossover period, mean BP 129/86 during @entity5 therapy and 129/86 during @entity2 therapy. Overall @entity4 was not statistically different with the two drugs, 3.8 kg with @entity2 and 2.3 kg with @entity5 , p greater than 0.1. However, when @entity5 was used in the late posttransplant period, the @entity0 had a significantly smaller @entity4 , 0.95 kg versus 3.5 kg with @entity2 , p greater than 0.05. The incidence of @entity6 was significantly greater (p less than 0.02) during the early posttransplant period in those @entity0 treated with @entity5 . Finally, the majority of @entity0 (65%) had no preference for either drug. Of those with a preference, the majority (69%) preferred @entity5 . We conclude that therapy with @entity5 does not offer superior graft survival, less @entity1 or overriding @entity0 preference but does apparently lead to an increased incidence of @entity6 in the early posttransplant period. Thus it appears that @entity2 is the initial drug of choice as an immunosuppressive steroid in clinical renal transplantation.

title: A prospective study of XXXX and @entity2 as immunosuppressive agents in clinical renal transplantation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The precise mechanism by which target cells are recognized and subsequently lysed by @entity3 ) cells is poorly understood. In this study the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and adhesion molecules in the recognition and lysis of @entity0 cells was investigated in a syngeneic Wag @entity1 model. Preincubation of @entity0 cells with F(ab')2 fragments of anti-MHC class I monoclonal antibody (mAb) OX18 strongly enhanced the A-NK cell-mediated lysis. Also normal syngeneic cells such as T cells and A-NK cells became highly sensitive for lysis by A-NK cells after preincubation with mAb OX18. Two other mAb against MHC class I had no effect on lysis of target cells. These data indicate that masking of MHC class I on syngeneic @entity0 and normal cells by mAb OX18 is sufficient for A-NK cells to recognize target cells as non-self, resulting in lysis. In addition, we found that the presence of mAb against the beta 2 ( @entity2 )-integrins blocked the lysis of all @entity0 cell lines by A-NK cells in 51Cr-release assays, also when target cells were preincubated with mAb OX18. Because of the absence of @entity2 on most @entity0 cells we concluded that a @entity2 -associated integrin on A-NK cells is essential for lysis of target cells. These results show that in this syngeneic @entity1 model @entity2 on A-NK cells together with MHC class I on @entity0 cells determine A-NK cell-mediated lysis. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the anti-MHC class I OX18 recognizes an epitope on @entity1 MHC class I which is, or is very close to, the restriction element determining A-NK cell-mediated lysis.

title: @entity1 @entity3 ) cell-mediated lysis is determined by the presence of XXXX on A-NK cells and the absence of major histocompatibility complex class I on target cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The precise mechanism by which target cells are recognized and subsequently lysed by @entity3 ) cells is poorly understood. In this study the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and adhesion molecules in the recognition and lysis of @entity0 cells was investigated in a syngeneic Wag @entity1 model. Preincubation of @entity0 cells with F(ab')2 fragments of anti-MHC class I monoclonal antibody (mAb) OX18 strongly enhanced the A-NK cell-mediated lysis. Also normal syngeneic cells such as T cells and A-NK cells became highly sensitive for lysis by A-NK cells after preincubation with mAb OX18. Two other mAb against MHC class I had no effect on lysis of target cells. These data indicate that masking of MHC class I on syngeneic @entity0 and normal cells by mAb OX18 is sufficient for A-NK cells to recognize target cells as non-self, resulting in lysis. In addition, we found that the presence of mAb against the beta 2 ( @entity2 )-integrins blocked the lysis of all @entity0 cell lines by A-NK cells in 51Cr-release assays, also when target cells were preincubated with mAb OX18. Because of the absence of @entity2 on most @entity0 cells we concluded that a @entity2 -associated integrin on A-NK cells is essential for lysis of target cells. These results show that in this syngeneic @entity1 model @entity2 on A-NK cells together with MHC class I on @entity0 cells determine A-NK cell-mediated lysis. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the anti-MHC class I OX18 recognizes an epitope on @entity1 MHC class I which is, or is very close to, the restriction element determining A-NK cell-mediated lysis.

title: @entity1 XXXX ) cell-mediated lysis is determined by the presence of @entity2 on A-NK cells and the absence of major histocompatibility complex class I on target cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The precise mechanism by which target cells are recognized and subsequently lysed by @entity3 ) cells is poorly understood. In this study the role of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and adhesion molecules in the recognition and lysis of @entity0 cells was investigated in a syngeneic Wag @entity1 model. Preincubation of @entity0 cells with F(ab')2 fragments of anti-MHC class I monoclonal antibody (mAb) OX18 strongly enhanced the A-NK cell-mediated lysis. Also normal syngeneic cells such as T cells and A-NK cells became highly sensitive for lysis by A-NK cells after preincubation with mAb OX18. Two other mAb against MHC class I had no effect on lysis of target cells. These data indicate that masking of MHC class I on syngeneic @entity0 and normal cells by mAb OX18 is sufficient for A-NK cells to recognize target cells as non-self, resulting in lysis. In addition, we found that the presence of mAb against the beta 2 ( @entity2 )-integrins blocked the lysis of all @entity0 cell lines by A-NK cells in 51Cr-release assays, also when target cells were preincubated with mAb OX18. Because of the absence of @entity2 on most @entity0 cells we concluded that a @entity2 -associated integrin on A-NK cells is essential for lysis of target cells. These results show that in this syngeneic @entity1 model @entity2 on A-NK cells together with MHC class I on @entity0 cells determine A-NK cell-mediated lysis. Furthermore, we hypothesize that the anti-MHC class I OX18 recognizes an epitope on @entity1 MHC class I which is, or is very close to, the restriction element determining A-NK cell-mediated lysis.

title: XXXX @entity3 ) cell-mediated lysis is determined by the presence of @entity2 on A-NK cells and the absence of major histocompatibility complex class I on target cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The interaction between @entity1 H2 antagonists and the neuromuscular blocking drug @entity2 was investigated in the @entity0 phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm preparation. @entity4 alone, in the concentration range 800-4000 microM produced between 14 and 74% @entity3 with an EC50 (mean +/- s.e.) of 2900 +/- 100 microM. @entity5 augmented the indirectly-evoked muscle response at concentrations between 30 and 160 microM but at higher concentrations, between 300 and 1800 microM, produced @entity3 . @entity6 produced negligible and statistically insignificant (0-5%) @entity3 at concentrations between 0.3 and 300 microM. @entity4 (800 microM) shifted the neuromuscular concentration-effect curve of @entity2 to the left in a parallel manner, while @entity5 (160 microM) shifted it to the right. The potentiation ratio was 1.90 +/- 0.14 for @entity4 and 0.62 +/- 0.05 for @entity5 . @entity6 (30 microM) did not alter the response to @entity2 . These data indicate that higher than clinically relevant concentrations of @entity4 and @entity5 produce @entity3 and may potentiate the action of @entity2 . Low concentrations of @entity5 may antagonize the action of @entity2 . @entity6 , in contrast, lacks significant neuromuscular effects.

title: In-vitro interaction between H2 antagonists and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The development of @entity4 genetic testing panels has altered genetic counseling practice. Mutations within certain genes on @entity1 panels pose not only a @entity1 risk, but also a reproductive risk for @entity2 such as @entity6 , constitutional mismatch @entity7 , @entity3 . This study aimed to determine if genetic counselors discuss reproductive risks for @entity2 associated with genes included on @entity1 panels, and if so, under what circumstances these risks are discussed. An on-line survey was emailed through the NSGC list-serv. The survey assessed 189 @entity1 genetic counselors' experiences discussing reproductive risks with @entity0 at risk to carry a mutation or @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in a gene associated with both an @entity1 risk and an @entity2 . Over half (n  =  82, 55  %) reported having discussed reproductive risks; the remainder (n  =  66, 45  %) had not. Genetic counselors who reported discussing reproductive risks primarily did so when @entity0 had a positive result and were of reproductive age. Reasons for not discussing these risks included when a @entity0 had completed childbearing or when a @entity5 was identified. Most counselors discussed reproductive risk after obtaining results and not during the informed consent process. There is inconsistency as to if and when the discussion of reproductive risks is taking place. The wide variation in responses suggests a need to develop professional guidelines for when and how discussions of reproductive risk for @entity2 identified through @entity1 panels should occur with @entity0 .

title: Genetic Counselors' Experiences Regarding Communication of Reproductive Risks with XXXX found on Cancer Panels.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present the outcomes of office-based autologous fat injection laryngoplasty for the treatment of vocal process @entity1 in conjunction with glottic insufficiency. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: This study included nine @entity0 with vocal process @entity1 in conjunction with glottic insufficiency who received autologous fat injection laryngoplasty. Videolaryngostroboscopic data, objective voice assessment, perceptual measurements of vocal quality, and subjective ratings of @entity3 were examined before and after treatment. RESULTS: Of the nine @entity0 , seven (78%) exhibited complete remission. The other two @entity0 (22%) exhibited a partial response following the injection. In a subgroup of five @entity0 who were refractory to antireflux and voice therapies, the resolution rate was 60%. Phonatory function presented significant improvements in jitter, noise-to-harmonic ratio, maximal phonation time, and @entity2 . Videolaryngostroboscopic rating revealed significant improvements in closure phase ratio in the vibratory cycle. CONCLUSIONS: Autologous fat injection laryngoplasty can ameliorate glottic insufficiency and the resulting hyperfunctional behavior of the larynx. This therapy also encourages remission of vocal process @entity1 and may represent an alternative treatment strategy.

title: Office-based Autologous Fat Injection Laryngoplasty for Vocal Process XXXX .

answer: @entity1