abstract: Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies were carried out on the use of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) in the perinatal period. The results obtained are summarized below. 1. Mean maternal serum concentrations of @entity5 reached 57.3 micrograms/ml at about 15 minutes after a single intravenous injection of @entity5 1 g and then gradually decreased to 13.1 micrograms/ml in 1 hour and 55 minutes, 3.59 micrograms/ml in 4 hours and 20 minutes and 0.11 microgram/ml in 17 hours and 51 minutes. @entity5 in umbilical cord serum was at detectable concentrations soon after administration and peaked to 23.5 micrograms/ml in 32 minutes. Although the concentrations in umbilical cord serum gradually decreased thereafter, they were higher than those in maternal serum at 3 hours and more after an injection and was 0.41 microgram/ml at 17 hours and 51 minutes. The @entity5 in amniotic fluid became detectable a little later than @entity5 in umbilical cord serum. The concentration of @entity5 in amniotic fluid was below 1.00 microgram/ml at 30 minutes after administration. Concentrations then gradually increased to 21.3 micrograms/ml in 1 hour and 55 minutes and, even in 17 hours and 51 minutes, they were as high as 9.44 micrograms/ml. 2. In the clinical evaluation, @entity5 was given to a total of 7 cases, i.e., 1 of @entity2 , 2 of @entity3 , 1 of @entity0 , and 3 of @entity1 . The treatment showed satisfactory results, i.e. excellent result was obtained in 1 case, good in 5 and poor in 1 with an clinical efficacy rate of 85.7%. Microbiological examinations resulted in the isolation of 5 bacterial strains of 4 species and 1 fungal strain from 5 cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on XXXX in the perinatal period].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 and late @entity2 are recognized complications of intraatrial repair of transposition of the great arteries. We performed a prospective study over 8 years in 100 consecutive hospital survivors who underwent Mustard (46 @entity0 ) or Senning (54 @entity0 ) operations between 1978 and 1982. @entity1 was analyzed by preoperative, postoperative, and serial follow-up Holter monitoring and standard electrocardiograms and was related to clinical outcome. Before repair, all @entity0 were in sinus rhythm with a low incidence of @entity1 . After repair, there was a gradual decrease in stable sinus rhythm during follow-up so that at a mean of 7 years after operation only 56% of @entity0 having the Senning operation and 66% having the Mustard, with simple transposition, were in stable sinus rhythm on Holter monitoring. There was no significant difference between the two operations. Eleven @entity0 (five after Senning [two simple, three complex], six after Mustard [five simple, one complex]) died during follow-up, four suddenly (two after Senning, two after Mustard). However, @entity3 or the presence of @entity1 on standard electrocardiograms or Holter recordings did not identify @entity0 at risk for increased morbidity or mortality. Thus, even with current surgical techniques, gradual @entity3 occurred after both Mustard and Senning operations. Because late death could not be predicted by electrocardiographic analysis, an alternative approach involving detailed hemodynamic and electrophysiologic measurements may be required to identify high-risk @entity0 .

title: XXXX and late mortality after Mustard and Senning operation for transposition of the great arteries. An eight-year prospective study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The outcome for the first 57 successive @entity0 who underwent total perineal prostatectomy for clinically localized @entity5 at the Virginia Mason Clinic and who have been followed up for a minimum of 15 years is reviewed for evaluation of the long-term impact of this operation on the disease. Twenty percent of the @entity0 had pathologic stage C disease. Recurrence developed in 11 of the 55 @entity0 (20%) who could be evaluated, and @entity4 from @entity5 occurred in 6 (11%) during this interval. The actual observed overall survival at 15 years or more was 60%, the actuarial survival 67%, and the cause-specific survival 89%. The current morbidity of this operation was evaluated by review of the last 50 consecutive @entity0 who underwent this procedure and had follow-up of at least 6 months. Operative time averaged 140 minutes, and @entity3 averaged 660 ml; 22% of the @entity0 required a transfusion. Average postoperative hospitalization was 5 days. Two @entity0 required a temporary colostomy for unrecognized @entity2 , and 2 developed a stricture requiring more than one dilation. Three @entity0 (6%) wear pads for mild @entity6 . One @entity0 died of a @entity1 .

title: Total prostatectomy for clinically localized XXXX : long-term surgical results and current morbidity.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The accumulation of certain essential and metabolically derived @entity7 in the free @entity2 pools of three excitable tissues has been studied in the @entity8 embryo. Valine together with @entity1 are at the onset present in the yolk at higher concentrations than any of the other essential @entity7 . By 15 days all the @entity7 studied have accumulated in the embryonic pools at a higher rate than valine, although certain @entity7 , such as @entity4 or @entity9 , always remain at lower relative concentrations than @entity13 . This reflects their low supply in the yolk, rather than a more rapid rate of disappearance (utilization). During early embryogenesis (E2-E4), tissues preferentially concentrate @entity0 , besides @entity10 and @entity11 (6). The next distinct stage of development (E4-E7) is marked in the brain by a gradual rise in @entity0 , @entity5 and @entity12 ; the same three @entity7 do not demonstrate a further increase in the pool of the heart, while in the whole eye the @entity2 profile begins to resemble the blood. @entity1 in all three tissues declines rapidly, to reach @entity14 levels by day 7 of development; @entity3 increases slowly in apparent reciprocity to an equally gradual @entity4 decrease. Into the second week of embryo growth (E7-E15), @entity6 appears in the mesencephalon (E7) and the eye (E9-E10). In the mesencephalon, the free @entity2 pool composition exhibits a rather sudden increase of most metabolically derived @entity7 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The establishment of essential and metabolically derived XXXX profiles in developing @entity8 embryo organs.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The accumulation of certain essential and metabolically derived @entity7 in the free @entity2 pools of three excitable tissues has been studied in the @entity8 embryo. Valine together with @entity1 are at the onset present in the yolk at higher concentrations than any of the other essential @entity7 . By 15 days all the @entity7 studied have accumulated in the embryonic pools at a higher rate than valine, although certain @entity7 , such as @entity4 or @entity9 , always remain at lower relative concentrations than @entity13 . This reflects their low supply in the yolk, rather than a more rapid rate of disappearance (utilization). During early embryogenesis (E2-E4), tissues preferentially concentrate @entity0 , besides @entity10 and @entity11 (6). The next distinct stage of development (E4-E7) is marked in the brain by a gradual rise in @entity0 , @entity5 and @entity12 ; the same three @entity7 do not demonstrate a further increase in the pool of the heart, while in the whole eye the @entity2 profile begins to resemble the blood. @entity1 in all three tissues declines rapidly, to reach @entity14 levels by day 7 of development; @entity3 increases slowly in apparent reciprocity to an equally gradual @entity4 decrease. Into the second week of embryo growth (E7-E15), @entity6 appears in the mesencephalon (E7) and the eye (E9-E10). In the mesencephalon, the free @entity2 pool composition exhibits a rather sudden increase of most metabolically derived @entity7 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The establishment of essential and metabolically derived @entity2 profiles in developing XXXX embryo organs.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Phospholipase D ( @entity3 ) activity per mg protein of whole homogenate increased 5.1 fold between Embryonic (E) day 17 and Postpartum (P) day 14 and slightly decreased by P 30 days. This was due to the decrease of @entity3 activity of the P2 fraction. The @entity3 activity of P2 and P3 fractions increased 11.2 and 6.1 fold respectively between E 17 and P 14. The 3 base exchange enzyme ( @entity2 ) activities per mg protein of whole homogenate increased up to P 14 or P 21 and then decreased. This decrease was greater in the P2 fraction and the P3 fraction increased after P 14. Brains from 1 day to 25 month old @entity0 were dissected into 7 separate regions and both @entity3 and @entity2 activities were measured. In adult @entity0 , the hippocampus and @entity1 had the highest @entity3 activities while medulla + pons and cerebellum had the lowest @entity3 activities. The developmental patterns of 5 regions except for hippocampus and @entity1 were similar. @entity3 activity in the hippocampus was maximum at P 7 followed by a steep decrease till P 30 suggesting that the @entity3 activity of the @entity1 develops later and that of the hippocampus develops earlier than any other region. The distributions of @entity2 activities were quite different from those of @entity3 activities. In adult @entity0 , the cerebellum had the highest activity while the striatum and medulla + pons had the lowest. The @entity2 activities of cerebellum were lowest at P 1 and showed steep increase during the next 2 weeks.

title: Developmental changes and regional distribution of phospholipase D and base exchange enzyme activities in XXXX brain.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Out of all neurological and @entity1 from the international point of view @entity5 is the biggest problem in road-traffic. Psychomotor-ability and self-criticism are already impaired at very low doses of @entity2 . Driving-ability almost always is reduced in the acute stage of endogenous psychoses, but improves parallel to the improvement of the @entity4 . This happens in spite and sometimes even because of psychopharmacotherapy. Almost all @entity0 are able to fulfill the driving-ability requirements after the acute state. Neurological @entity0 are causing less problems in road-traffic than the average population. In @entity3 a small "risk group" could be objectified. This group has a bad compliance and inclines to @entity5 . In the Western part of Lower Austria we have made arrangements concerning standardized requirements for our @entity0 in 1976. This way from the psycho-hygienic point of view we really were very successful. It also should be mentioned that concerning @entity3 we were more or less pursuing the same ideas since 1976 which got recommended by "Epilepsy International" in 1981.

title: [Neurologic and XXXX and fitness for driving].

answer: @entity1


abstract: For the electrotherapy of refractory @entity7 the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and antitachycardia pacemaker are available. The long-term use of antitachycardia pacing is still limited by the potential risk of acceleration to @entity8 . To combine the advantages of antitachycardia pacing with back-up defibrillation, we evaluated the use of an antitachycardia pacemaker with the @entity9 . The @entity6 was implanted in 13 @entity0 with a mean age of 62 years (from 46 to 75 years); six of them with recurrent @entity7 (170 +/- 16 per minute) which could reliably be terminated by overdrive pacing, received also an antitachycardia pacemaker (Tachylog 651). The underlying @entity3 was @entity4 in 11 @entity0 and @entity2 in 2 cases. All @entity0 had survived 1 to 6 cardiac arrests and had not responded to 6 +/- 1.5 antiarrhythmic drugs. For antitachycardia pacing we used burst stimulation with 4 to 6 stimuli and coupling intervals from 260 to 300 ms. During the follow-up period of 12 +/- 2 months, 83% of 744 @entity5 could be terminated by burst stimulation, according to the diagnostic data of the pulse generator. If the pacemaker failed to terminate or in case of acceleration (three @entity0 ), the automatic countershock of the @entity6 (5-42 per @entity0 ) restored sinus rhythm. In seven @entity0 with high rate @entity5 , 2 to 69 @entity6 discharges occurred. No @entity0 died suddenly, but three died due to underlying disease and one because of a @entity1 postoperatively. Future antitachycardia devices should be flexible with regard to detection and termination modes, combining antitachycardia pacing with back-up defibrillation.

title: [Automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ( @entity6 ) and antitachycardia pacemaker (Tachylog 651) in the treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: For the electrotherapy of refractory @entity7 the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and antitachycardia pacemaker are available. The long-term use of antitachycardia pacing is still limited by the potential risk of acceleration to @entity8 . To combine the advantages of antitachycardia pacing with back-up defibrillation, we evaluated the use of an antitachycardia pacemaker with the @entity9 . The @entity6 was implanted in 13 @entity0 with a mean age of 62 years (from 46 to 75 years); six of them with recurrent @entity7 (170 +/- 16 per minute) which could reliably be terminated by overdrive pacing, received also an antitachycardia pacemaker (Tachylog 651). The underlying @entity3 was @entity4 in 11 @entity0 and @entity2 in 2 cases. All @entity0 had survived 1 to 6 cardiac arrests and had not responded to 6 +/- 1.5 antiarrhythmic drugs. For antitachycardia pacing we used burst stimulation with 4 to 6 stimuli and coupling intervals from 260 to 300 ms. During the follow-up period of 12 +/- 2 months, 83% of 744 @entity5 could be terminated by burst stimulation, according to the diagnostic data of the pulse generator. If the pacemaker failed to terminate or in case of acceleration (three @entity0 ), the automatic countershock of the @entity6 (5-42 per @entity0 ) restored sinus rhythm. In seven @entity0 with high rate @entity5 , 2 to 69 @entity6 discharges occurred. No @entity0 died suddenly, but three died due to underlying disease and one because of a @entity1 postoperatively. Future antitachycardia devices should be flexible with regard to detection and termination modes, combining antitachycardia pacing with back-up defibrillation.

title: [Automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator ( XXXX ) and antitachycardia pacemaker (Tachylog 651) in the treatment of @entity7 ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 3'UTR region plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression at posttranscriptional levels. Any changes in sequence in this region can cause numerous pathologies and can also lead to @entity2 development. The most common changes reported in in the @entity4 gene are the 148Ala/Thr in exon 2 and @entity6 and @entity5 in the 3'UTR region. They are suspected of having a great impact on @entity2 progression. Since the role of these sequence variants in the Polish population in the development of @entity3 has not been confirmed, the importance of 3'UTR polymorphisms in the regulation of gene expression was tested. MATERIAL AND METHODS: First, genetic analysis in a group of 285 @entity3 @entity1 was performed and the obtained results were correlated with the clinical course of @entity3 . Then vectors carrying 3'UTR sequence variants were prepared and the level expression of the reported gene was measured. RESULTS: Within this study no correlation between the presence of 148Ala/Thr polymorphism and @entity2 in the family was observed. There was a correlation between the presence of this polymorphism and @entity0 and @entity3 in the same @entity1 . There was no correlation between @entity6 polymorphism and @entity2 localisation, age of diagnosis, and type of @entity2 in @entity1 ' family, but a correlation between the percentage of @entity1 dying and the @entity6 variant was observed. CONCLUSION: The results of functional tests indicated that the presence of polymorphism in the 3'UTR region of the @entity4 gene resulted in changes in the level of reporter gene expression.

title: Analysis of sequence variants in the 3'UTR of XXXX gene in @entity3 @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 3'UTR region plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression at posttranscriptional levels. Any changes in sequence in this region can cause numerous pathologies and can also lead to @entity2 development. The most common changes reported in in the @entity4 gene are the 148Ala/Thr in exon 2 and @entity6 and @entity5 in the 3'UTR region. They are suspected of having a great impact on @entity2 progression. Since the role of these sequence variants in the Polish population in the development of @entity3 has not been confirmed, the importance of 3'UTR polymorphisms in the regulation of gene expression was tested. MATERIAL AND METHODS: First, genetic analysis in a group of 285 @entity3 @entity1 was performed and the obtained results were correlated with the clinical course of @entity3 . Then vectors carrying 3'UTR sequence variants were prepared and the level expression of the reported gene was measured. RESULTS: Within this study no correlation between the presence of 148Ala/Thr polymorphism and @entity2 in the family was observed. There was a correlation between the presence of this polymorphism and @entity0 and @entity3 in the same @entity1 . There was no correlation between @entity6 polymorphism and @entity2 localisation, age of diagnosis, and type of @entity2 in @entity1 ' family, but a correlation between the percentage of @entity1 dying and the @entity6 variant was observed. CONCLUSION: The results of functional tests indicated that the presence of polymorphism in the 3'UTR region of the @entity4 gene resulted in changes in the level of reporter gene expression.

title: Analysis of sequence variants in the 3'UTR of @entity4 gene in XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The 3'UTR region plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression at posttranscriptional levels. Any changes in sequence in this region can cause numerous pathologies and can also lead to @entity2 development. The most common changes reported in in the @entity4 gene are the 148Ala/Thr in exon 2 and @entity6 and @entity5 in the 3'UTR region. They are suspected of having a great impact on @entity2 progression. Since the role of these sequence variants in the Polish population in the development of @entity3 has not been confirmed, the importance of 3'UTR polymorphisms in the regulation of gene expression was tested. MATERIAL AND METHODS: First, genetic analysis in a group of 285 @entity3 @entity1 was performed and the obtained results were correlated with the clinical course of @entity3 . Then vectors carrying 3'UTR sequence variants were prepared and the level expression of the reported gene was measured. RESULTS: Within this study no correlation between the presence of 148Ala/Thr polymorphism and @entity2 in the family was observed. There was a correlation between the presence of this polymorphism and @entity0 and @entity3 in the same @entity1 . There was no correlation between @entity6 polymorphism and @entity2 localisation, age of diagnosis, and type of @entity2 in @entity1 ' family, but a correlation between the percentage of @entity1 dying and the @entity6 variant was observed. CONCLUSION: The results of functional tests indicated that the presence of polymorphism in the 3'UTR region of the @entity4 gene resulted in changes in the level of reporter gene expression.

title: Analysis of sequence variants in the 3'UTR of @entity4 gene in @entity3 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Foetal @entity0 were injected with high doses of @entity2 or ovine LH (oLH) to determine if LH receptors were down-regulated and steroidogenesis impaired as is seen in the adult animal. Foetuses injected in utero with 52 micrograms/kg @entity2 had a prompt increase in intratesticular @entity1 , demonstrating that the injected substance reached the foetal testis. Pregnant mothers were laparotomized and each foetus in one uterine horn injected with 52 micrograms/kg @entity2 . Twenty-four hours later, the foetal testes from both uterine horns were collected and free LH receptor content measured. In foetuses injected with @entity2 , free LH receptors were significantly reduced. LH receptors in foetal testes from the contralateral horn were not significantly different from those in controls. Foetuses injected with 52 micrograms/kg @entity2 at 17.5 days of gestation showed a delayed response in LH receptor up-regulation when compared with neonatal @entity0 injected with comparable doses of @entity2 . Injection of foetal and neonatal @entity0 with 400 micrograms/kg oLH showed no evidence of down-regulation, as is seen in the adult. Testes from foetuses injected with 52 micrograms/kg @entity3 days earlier showed an increase in both basal and @entity2 -stimulated @entity1 production during 3 h of incubation when compared with controls. These results show that the @entity0 foetal testis in vivo does not demonstrate down-regulation of LH receptors or steroidogenic lesions of the @entity1 synthetic pathway when exposed to high levels of @entity2 as does the adult @entity0 testis. These results from the foetal testis in vivo are in agreement with results obtained from the foetal testis in vitro and the neonatal testis in vivo.

title: Regulation of LH receptors and steroidogenesis in the foetal XXXX testis in vivo.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The authors have reviewed 158 eyes with evolving or completed @entity2 . Observations of these @entity0 suggest that prefoveal vitreous cortex contraction is probably the cause of @entity2 . The earliest sign of an impending macular hole (stage 1) appears to be the development of a yellow spot or halo associated with @entity1 . No @entity3 is present. This may resolve or progress to a small, early macular hole (stage 2). This hole gradually enlarged to a diameter of approximately 485 micron. The vitreous usually remained attached or a vitreofoveal separation developed (stage 3). Some eyes had complete posterior @entity3 (stage 4). The implications for surgical intervention are discussed. A prospective study should be undertaken to confirm these findings and to investigate the feasibility of vitrectomy intervention to peel the prefoveal vitreous cortex in eyes with a stage 1 lesion.

title: XXXX . Observations, stages of formation, and implications for surgical intervention.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In order that the growth pattern and histologic and ultrastructural differentiation of the @entity2 be studied, tissue from three lesions was transplanted into @entity0 . Xenografts were harvested at 3 weeks, 5 weeks, 8 weeks, and 13 weeks and examined histologically and ultrastructurally. Implants could be identified as firm subcutaneous nodules, but after 3 weeks began regressing. At 13 weeks, almost total regression had occurred. Histologically, grafts were well vascularized and there was no evidence of @entity1 . Typical @entity3 cells disappeared at an early stage. The ultrastructural features of the grafts showed giant cells lying in close association with uninuclear cells, features suggestive of a fusion process. Many cells containing microfilaments at their periphery were identified in the original lesional tissue as well as in the xenografts. These cells strongly resembled myofibroblasts. Collagen bundles were seen within the cytoplasm of stromal cells. The observations suggest that the @entity3 cells represent a stimulus-dependent, differentiated end-stage cell population.

title: Features of XXXX xenografted in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In order that the growth pattern and histologic and ultrastructural differentiation of the @entity2 be studied, tissue from three lesions was transplanted into @entity0 . Xenografts were harvested at 3 weeks, 5 weeks, 8 weeks, and 13 weeks and examined histologically and ultrastructurally. Implants could be identified as firm subcutaneous nodules, but after 3 weeks began regressing. At 13 weeks, almost total regression had occurred. Histologically, grafts were well vascularized and there was no evidence of @entity1 . Typical @entity3 cells disappeared at an early stage. The ultrastructural features of the grafts showed giant cells lying in close association with uninuclear cells, features suggestive of a fusion process. Many cells containing microfilaments at their periphery were identified in the original lesional tissue as well as in the xenografts. These cells strongly resembled myofibroblasts. Collagen bundles were seen within the cytoplasm of stromal cells. The observations suggest that the @entity3 cells represent a stimulus-dependent, differentiated end-stage cell population.

title: Features of @entity2 xenografted in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity13 is the most common cause of @entity12 in Orientals. Recently, percutaneous @entity8 (PTBA) has been successfully applied as a treatment of @entity13 . We evaluated etiologies and clinical manifestations in our cases and the usefulness of PTBA. METHODS: Twelve cases of @entity12 were analyzed. RESULTS: 50.3 years was the average age of the cases (ranging from 37 to 67 years). Major symptoms or signs were superficial collateral vessels on the chest or the abdomen in 6 cases, @entity9 in 3, @entity7 in 4, @entity6 in 4, @entity5 in 3, melena or hematemesis in 2, and leg @entity1 in 2. Upper @entity4 showed esophageal varices in 6 cases and two of these 6 cases had @entity11 . Of 8 cases with @entity10 , 4 were classified as @entity0 -Pugh class A and 4 as B. Four @entity0 with @entity2 had concurrent @entity3 including 1 @entity0 who was HBs Ag positive. Etiologies were @entity13 in 11 cases and @entity14 in 1 case. The main site of obstruction was IVC in 8 and hepatic vein in 4. PTBA was successfully performed in 8 cases of @entity13 . During the mean follow-up period of 27.6 months (12-40 months), there were no reobstructions except in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The most common cause of @entity12 in our cases was @entity13 of IVC. Percutaneous @entity8 is a very useful treatment method.

title: [The usefullness of percutaneous XXXX in the management of @entity12 ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity13 is the most common cause of @entity12 in Orientals. Recently, percutaneous @entity8 (PTBA) has been successfully applied as a treatment of @entity13 . We evaluated etiologies and clinical manifestations in our cases and the usefulness of PTBA. METHODS: Twelve cases of @entity12 were analyzed. RESULTS: 50.3 years was the average age of the cases (ranging from 37 to 67 years). Major symptoms or signs were superficial collateral vessels on the chest or the abdomen in 6 cases, @entity9 in 3, @entity7 in 4, @entity6 in 4, @entity5 in 3, melena or hematemesis in 2, and leg @entity1 in 2. Upper @entity4 showed esophageal varices in 6 cases and two of these 6 cases had @entity11 . Of 8 cases with @entity10 , 4 were classified as @entity0 -Pugh class A and 4 as B. Four @entity0 with @entity2 had concurrent @entity3 including 1 @entity0 who was HBs Ag positive. Etiologies were @entity13 in 11 cases and @entity14 in 1 case. The main site of obstruction was IVC in 8 and hepatic vein in 4. PTBA was successfully performed in 8 cases of @entity13 . During the mean follow-up period of 27.6 months (12-40 months), there were no reobstructions except in 2 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The most common cause of @entity12 in our cases was @entity13 of IVC. Percutaneous @entity8 is a very useful treatment method.

title: [The usefullness of percutaneous @entity8 in the management of XXXX ].

answer: @entity12


abstract: With 12 available US Food and Drug Administration approved medications for the treatment of relapsing @entity1 ( @entity1 ), choosing an initial therapy is no longer a straightforward task. Each disease-modifying therapy (DMT) has a distinct risk-benefit profile and each @entity0 is an individual. Therefore, the development of a simple algorithm to apply in selecting initial therapy is not feasible. Instead, the prescribing physician must consider many factors related to the treatments themselves, such as efficacy, safety, and tolerability, while also taking into account a particular @entity0 's disease characteristics, personal preferences, comorbid illnesses and reproductive plans. The efficacy of each drug may be assessed through clinical trial data, although these data are limited by scarcity of direct comparisons among the different agents and lack of availability of biomarkers to predict an individual @entity0 's response. Differences in safety profiles help to distinguish the various DMTs and influence selection of agent; both the known safety concerns, which can be addressed with risk mitigation and monitoring strategies, and the potential for yet undiscovered safety issues must be assessed, and an individual @entity0 's comfort level with the risks and ability to comply with monitoring must be determined. Potential issues related to tolerability, which largely relate to matters of @entity0 personal preference and lifestyle, should also be factored into the decision-making process. With regard to the timing of therapy initiation, it must be acknowledged that long-term benefits of early DMT have not yet been definitively demonstrated. Nonetheless, starting DMT early in the @entity1 has been shown to have a beneficial effect on relapse prevention, and appears to curtail the @entity2 and neurodegenerative changes that are now known to begin at disease onset. Although under certain circumstances there are acceptable reasons for deferring treatment, it is generally recommended that DMT is initiated early in the disease course.

title: Optimizing the initial choice and timing of therapy in relapsing-remitting XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) has been associated with the risk of @entity3 . But the influence of BMI on @entity2 and prognosis has always been controversial. METHODS: Between 2000 and 2007, 424 @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) underwent R0 esophagectomy at our center without neoadjuvant therapy. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses to identify prognostic factors for survival. RESULTS: @entity0 were divided into three groups according to Asian-specific BMI cut-off value: underweight (n = 45), normal weight (n = 228), and overweight and @entity1 (n = 151). Mean follow-up time was 39 months. The five-year @entity4 ( @entity4 ) rate was 19%, 34%, and 42% for underweight, normal weight, and overweight and @entity1 , respectively (P < 0.001). The five-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 24%, 41%, and 74% for underweight, normal weight, and overweight and @entity1 , respectively (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that pT, pN, and BMI were independent prognostic factors for DFS and @entity4 . The C-index to the combined model showed improved predictive ability when compared to the pN classification (0.779 vs. 0.734). CONCLUSION: Preoperative BMI was an independent prognostic factor for @entity4 and DFS. The proposed new prognostic model with the pN classification supplemented by BMI might improve the ability to discriminate @entity5 @entity0 ' outcome.

title: Prognostic significance of the pN classification supplemented by body mass index for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 ( @entity7 ) is a candidate gene for @entity2 suppression. The expression of @entity7 is down-regulated in several @entity2 including @entity1 . The aim of this study was to explore the effect of @entity7 overexpression on invasion, migration, and enzymatic activity of @entity3 ( @entity6 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 @entity5 A549 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A recombinant plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged @entity7 ( @entity7 ) was used to overexpress GFP-tagged @entity7 in A549 cells. The cells in the experimental group and those in the control group were transfected with @entity7 and a control plasmid without @entity7 (pCMV6-AC-GFP), respectively. Fluorescent microscopy and flowcytometry analysis of GFP expression were used to evaluate the cellular expression of GFP-tagged @entity7 and the efficiency of transfection. The effects of @entity7 expression on cell invasion and migration were evaluated using transwell filter migration assay. The gelatinase activity of secreted @entity3 and @entity4 was measured by gelatin zymography. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated the expression of GFP-tagged @entity7 in the cytoplasm and nucleus of A549 cells. The findings of transwell assay showed that @entity7 overexpression reduced migration and invasion of A549 cells compared to control cells. Gelatin zymography analyses revealed that @entity7 overexpression decreased the gelatinase activity of secreted @entity3 and @entity4 . CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity7 may be a new anti-invasion factor in @entity1 that inhibits MMPs activities.

title: N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 overexpression reduces @entity6 activities and cell invasion of XXXX cell line in vitro.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 ( @entity7 ) is a candidate gene for @entity2 suppression. The expression of @entity7 is down-regulated in several @entity2 including @entity1 . The aim of this study was to explore the effect of @entity7 overexpression on invasion, migration, and enzymatic activity of @entity3 ( @entity6 ( @entity4 ) in @entity0 @entity5 A549 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A recombinant plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged @entity7 ( @entity7 ) was used to overexpress GFP-tagged @entity7 in A549 cells. The cells in the experimental group and those in the control group were transfected with @entity7 and a control plasmid without @entity7 (pCMV6-AC-GFP), respectively. Fluorescent microscopy and flowcytometry analysis of GFP expression were used to evaluate the cellular expression of GFP-tagged @entity7 and the efficiency of transfection. The effects of @entity7 expression on cell invasion and migration were evaluated using transwell filter migration assay. The gelatinase activity of secreted @entity3 and @entity4 was measured by gelatin zymography. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated the expression of GFP-tagged @entity7 in the cytoplasm and nucleus of A549 cells. The findings of transwell assay showed that @entity7 overexpression reduced migration and invasion of A549 cells compared to control cells. Gelatin zymography analyses revealed that @entity7 overexpression decreased the gelatinase activity of secreted @entity3 and @entity4 . CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that @entity7 may be a new anti-invasion factor in @entity1 that inhibits MMPs activities.

title: N-myc downstream regulated gene 2 overexpression reduces XXXX activities and cell invasion of @entity1 cell line in vitro.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The development of granulomatous reactions against moulting nymphal pentastomids (Porocephalus crotali) in the tissues of @entity2 and @entity0 intermediate hosts is described. Adipose tissue and lungs are favoured sites for encystment accounting for 70% of larvae. Six moults separate the primary larva from the final infective stage which first appears about 80 days post-infection (p.i.) and is fully infective by day 120. Larvae, and particularly their cast cuticles, are the foci of granulomatous reactions characterized by an intense @entity6 . During ecdysis, large numbers of eosinophils permeate the entire lesion but, significantly, degranulation is limited to the underside of cast cuticles where the resultant debris is endocytosed by macrophage/epithelioid cells. A pronounced asymmetry in the @entity3 , evident even in the earliest cysts, results from the accumulation of individual epithelioid @entity5 associated with cuticle fragments close to the ventral side of the developing parasite; each is circumscribed by @entity4 . External to this region are extensive tracts of tissue composed of mature plasma cells. Particularly in @entity2 , large numbers of partially degranulated mast cells (= globule leucocytes) also surround @entity5 , and mast cell granules can accumulate within macrophages and fibroblasts. @entity1 slowly subsides once the infective stage is attained. This 1 cm-long larva resides in a thin, fibrotic, C-shaped cyst and can remain viable for years: uniquely this instar retains its last moulted cuticle as a protective sheath. Nymphal instars II-VI feed predominantly upon eosinophils but we do not yet know whether this requirement is obligate.

title: Light microscope observations of granulomatous reactions against developing Porocephalus crotali (Pentastomida: Porocephalida) in XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The development of granulomatous reactions against moulting nymphal pentastomids (Porocephalus crotali) in the tissues of @entity2 and @entity0 intermediate hosts is described. Adipose tissue and lungs are favoured sites for encystment accounting for 70% of larvae. Six moults separate the primary larva from the final infective stage which first appears about 80 days post-infection (p.i.) and is fully infective by day 120. Larvae, and particularly their cast cuticles, are the foci of granulomatous reactions characterized by an intense @entity6 . During ecdysis, large numbers of eosinophils permeate the entire lesion but, significantly, degranulation is limited to the underside of cast cuticles where the resultant debris is endocytosed by macrophage/epithelioid cells. A pronounced asymmetry in the @entity3 , evident even in the earliest cysts, results from the accumulation of individual epithelioid @entity5 associated with cuticle fragments close to the ventral side of the developing parasite; each is circumscribed by @entity4 . External to this region are extensive tracts of tissue composed of mature plasma cells. Particularly in @entity2 , large numbers of partially degranulated mast cells (= globule leucocytes) also surround @entity5 , and mast cell granules can accumulate within macrophages and fibroblasts. @entity1 slowly subsides once the infective stage is attained. This 1 cm-long larva resides in a thin, fibrotic, C-shaped cyst and can remain viable for years: uniquely this instar retains its last moulted cuticle as a protective sheath. Nymphal instars II-VI feed predominantly upon eosinophils but we do not yet know whether this requirement is obligate.

title: Light microscope observations of granulomatous reactions against developing Porocephalus crotali (Pentastomida: Porocephalida) in @entity0 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To define the different urodynamic patterns in female @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and to assess whether urodynamics alone can be relied on for the diagnosis. @entity0 AND METHODS: This prospective study included 60 clinically obstructed @entity0 and 27 with stress urinary @entity1 as a control group. All @entity0 had pressure-flow studies and were divided into four groups. Group A (control group, 27 @entity0 ) and group B (22) had a maximum urinary flow rate (Q max) of >15  mL/s and a detrusor pressure at Q max (P det Q max) of <30 or >30  cm @entity4 , respectively. Group C (20 @entity0 ) and group D (18) had a Q max of <15  mL/s and a P det Q max of >30 or <30  cm @entity4 , respectively. RESULTS: The mean Q max for groups A, B, C, and D were 21.8, 21.9, 10.8 and 9.9  mL/s, respectively, while the mean P det Q max was 20.8, 40.4, 48.7, and 18.7  cm @entity4 , respectively. The residual urine volume was <100  mL in groups A and B but >100  mL in groups C and D. When compared with group A, groups B-D had a significant difference in vesical pressure, groups B and C had a significant difference in P det Q max, while Q max, the maximum voided volume and residual urine volume were significantly different in groups C and D. Group A was obviously unobstructed, group B might have @entity3 , group C had compensated obstruction, while group D can be considered to have late de-compensated obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 in females has three different urodynamic patterns, i.e. early, compensated and late obstruction. However, urodynamics should be combined with the clinical presentation and residual urine volume for an accurate diagnosis.

title: Different urodynamic patterns in female XXXX : Can urodynamics alone reach the diagnosis?

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a relatively common condition, which can @entity3 . Despite an abundance of minimally invasive treatments, few have confirmed efficacy for improving penile curvature and function. Surgical therapies include many different techniques and are reserved for @entity0 with stable disease of    12  months' duration. We searched PubMed for all articles from 1990 to the present relating to the surgical management of @entity4 . Preference was given to recent articles, larger series, and those comparing various techniques and/or materials. Outcomes were subsequently analysed and organised by surgical technique and the graft material used. Available surgical techniques include plication/corporoplasty procedures, incision and grafting (I_G), and placing a penile prosthesis with or without adjunctive procedures. Although several surgical algorithms have been reported, in general, plication/corporoplasty procedures are reserved for @entity0 with adequate erectile function, simple curvatures of <60  , and with no @entity1 (hour-glass, hinge). I_G are reserved for complex curvatures of >60   and those with @entity1 . Penile prostheses are indicated for combined @entity2 and @entity4 . Overall outcomes show high rates of improved curvature and @entity0 satisfaction, with mildly decreased erectile function with both plication and the I_G procedure (I_G >plication) and decreases in penile length (plication >I_G). Surgical management of @entity4 remains an excellent treatment option for @entity0 with penile curvature precluding or impairing sexual activity. Surgical algorithms are available to assist treating clinicians in appropriately stratifying surgical candidates. Additional research is needed to identify optimal surgical techniques and materials based on @entity0 and disease characteristics.

title: A critical analysis of the surgical outcomes for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Three subtypes, @entity8 , @entity12 /  , and PPARy, have been identified so far. @entity8 is expressed in the liver, kidney, small intestine, heart, and muscle, where it activates the @entity2 catabolism and control lipoprotein assembly in response to long-chain @entity4 , @entity5 , and hypolipidemic drugs (e.g., @entity7 ). @entity12 /   is more broadly expressed and is implicated in @entity2 oxidation, keratinocyte differentiation, wound healing, and macrophage response to very low density lipoprotein metabolism. This isoform has been implicated in transcriptional-repression functions and has been shown to repress the activity of @entity8 or PPARy target genes. PPARy1 and y2 are generated from a single-gene peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma by differential promoter usage and alternative splicing. PPARy1 is expressed in colon, immune system (e.g., monocytes and macrophages), and other tissues where it participates in the modulation of @entity0 , cell proliferation, and differentiation. PPARs regulate gene expression through distinct mechanisms: Ligand-dependent transactivation, ligand-independent repression, and ligand-dependent transrepression. Studies in animals have demonstrated the gastric antisecretory activity of @entity8 agonists like @entity13 , @entity10 and clofibrate. Study by Pathak et al also demonstrated the effect of @entity8 agonist, @entity10 , on gastric secretion and gastric cytoprotection in various @entity6 models in @entity1 . The majority of the experimental studies is on @entity11 and @entity9 , which are PPARy activators. In all the studies, both the PPARy activators showed protection against the @entity6 and also accelerate the @entity3 in @entity6 model in @entity1 . Therefore, @entity8 and PPARy may be a target for @entity6 therapy. Finally, more studies are also needed to confirm the involvement of PPARs a and y in @entity6 .

title: Role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and gamma in XXXX : An overview of experimental evidences.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has been occasionally observed in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ). In contrast, less than 20 cases of comorbid @entity6 with @entity4 have been found in the English literature. One conceivable reason is difficulty in detecting latent @entity6 . OBJECTIVE: Information of clinical presentation and diagnostics is sought to facilitate diagnosis of latent @entity6 . METHODS: Latent @entity6 was pursued in 11 @entity0 among 159 @entity4 @entity0 . All of them were maintained in a euthyroid state. Except for one @entity0 with @entity1 , the other @entity0 , who were asymptomatic in their daily lives, presented with recurrent nonspecific @entity2 or fatigue in stress-associated circumstances. Morning @entity3 level <303 nmol/l was used as an inclusion criterion. Their basal adrenocorticotropic hormone levels were normal. The adrenal status was examined by a provocation test, either an insulin-induced @entity5 test or a 1- g intravenous corticotrophin test. Eleven @entity0 showed subnormal @entity3 response. They were supplemented with @entity3 of doses  <=15 mg/day. After a few months of supplementation, @entity6 was confirmed by another provocation test. Three @entity0 were excluded because of dissociation of two provocation tests. RESULTS: Comorbid latent @entity6 with @entity4 was pursued from the symptoms stated above and proven by two provocation tests; it was found in 5% (8/159) of the @entity0 . CONCLUSION: When @entity0 with @entity4 are troubled by recurrent stress-associated gastrointestinal or constitutional symptoms or @entity1 which have remained unrelieved by adjustment of thyroid medication, these symptoms may be a manifestation of comorbid latent @entity6 . It is worth investigating such @entity0 for latent @entity6 .

title: Comorbid Latent Adrenal Insufficiency with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 of the ampulla of Vater is a rare @entity2 . Early and accurate diagnosis of @entity3 of the ampulla of Vater will lead to early treatment and subsequent better prognosis. Endoscopy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography (ERCP) has been shown to be one of the best diagnostic modalities. Furthermore an endoscopic biliary drainage procedure can be performed immediately following the diagnostic procedure. The @entity2 may be seen as large, fleshy, friable exophytic growths, as @entity2 into the duodenal wall or as a mass behind the orifice of the papilla, covered with normal duodenal mucosa. Forceps biopsies do not always suffice to show @entity2 . Large snare biopsies often are necessary. Occasionally the final diagnosis of @entity2 can only be made by examination of the surgical resection specimen. @entity2 arising inside the ampulla form a bulge, covered by normal duodenal mucosa. An impacted stone may mimic this picture. Endoscopic papillotomy is then mandatory to make the final diagnosis. Histologic examination of forceps biopsies reveals @entity2 in only 60% of cases. When snare biopsy is used, the diagnostic yield increases to 83%. The optimal treatment of @entity3 of the ampulla of Vater is surgical resection. Preoperative biliary drainage should theoretically be of benefit to the @entity0 . The results of preoperative percutaneous drainage studies are, however, conflicting. @entity3 of the ampulla of Vater is not resectable in 25-50% of the @entity0 because of @entity1 , deep extension of the @entity2 or general contraindications for major surgery. Endoscopic papillotomy or stent placement as a definitive treatment modality should be reserved for poor surgical candidates and for those @entity0 with limited life expectancy due to @entity1 .

title: XXXX of the ampulla of Vater: the endoscopic approach.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The @entity3 antagonists are potent vasodilators. This physiologic property suggests that these agents have a potential role in the treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 and @entity5 . Although the clinical response to @entity3 antagonism in @entity2 is promising, the response in @entity0 with @entity5 is less than hoped for; this is due to the fact that this class of agents may induce a hemodynamically important degree of negative inotropic effect. To test the hemodynamic response to @entity6 , a second-generation @entity7 , the hemodynamic response to maximal ergometric exercise was evaluated in a group of @entity0 with moderate to severe chronic @entity5 . One week of @entity6 therapy was associated with a significant reversal of vasoconstriction at rest and during peak exercise with a secondary increase of cardiac index, and a decrease in pulmonary wedge pressure. The reversal of vasoconstriction was associated with a decrease in mean arterial pressure, with no change in the heart rate. There was no change in @entity1 consumption or @entity4 production; however, there was a decrease in arteriovenous @entity1 difference, consistent with a reduction of @entity1 extraction. This short-term study identified the potent vasodilator properties of @entity6 in @entity0 with chronic @entity5 ; a hemodynamically significant negative inotropic effect could not be identified. Although the use of @entity3 antagonists for the treatment of @entity5 may have a limited role, this study nonetheless suggests that @entity6 may have a favorable vasodilator effect without an overt negative inotropic effect. This would be of considerable advantage in the treatment of @entity2 , when compared with beta-adrenergic blocking agents.

title: Use of invasive ergometric exercise to assess the hemodynamic response to XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemoglobin (Hgb) levels fluctuate in @entity0 with @entity3 over time. This study quantified Hgb level variability and the likelihood of falling within the Hgb level goal range of 11 to 12 g/dL. Implications on the percentage of @entity0 exceeding 3-month rolling average Hgb levels of 12, 12.5, and 13 g/dL were determined. METHODS: Phase I (n = 65,009) tracked @entity0 with Hgb values initially outside the goal range (<11 or >12 g/dL) during 2000. Correlation with facility-specific thresholds also was evaluated. Phase II (n = 48,133) quantified variation in 3-month rolling average Hgb levels in a subset with greater than 10 months of data (mean Hgb, 11.4 +/- 1.3 g/dL). RESULTS: A total of 24,948 @entity0 (38.4%) had Hgb levels between 11 and 12 g/dL. In only 8% did Hgb levels consistently remain less than 11 g/dL, and in 18%, greater than 12 g/dL all year. Twenty-nine percent (18,633 @entity0 ) moved from below to above target range or vice versa. Greater mean facility Hgb level correlated with a greater percentage of @entity0 with Hgb levels greater than 10 g/dL (R2 = 0.49) and greater than 12.5 g/dL (R2 = 0.61). For facilities to have 90% or greater of @entity0 with 3-month rolling average Hgb levels greater than 10 g/dL, 13% to 31% of @entity0 will have 3-month rolling average Hgb values greater than 12.5 g/dL. The average individual @entity0 is expected to have a +/-1.4-g/dL fluctuation in 3-month rolling average Hgb levels per year. Despite increased mean Hgb levels and @entity4 (EPO) and @entity1 use, the spread of the Hgb distribution curve remained unchanged in the last 6 years. CONCLUSION: Variability caused by laboratory assays, biological factors, and therapeutic response determines @entity0 Hgb level variability. Improving factors that can be manipulated (eg, standardizing EPO and @entity1 algorithms) and adjustment of the target Hgb level range, specifically, by increasing the upper bound, likely will decrease the observed variability and further enhance the quality of @entity2 management.

title: Effect of variability in XXXX management on hemoglobin outcomes in @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hemoglobin (Hgb) levels fluctuate in @entity0 with @entity3 over time. This study quantified Hgb level variability and the likelihood of falling within the Hgb level goal range of 11 to 12 g/dL. Implications on the percentage of @entity0 exceeding 3-month rolling average Hgb levels of 12, 12.5, and 13 g/dL were determined. METHODS: Phase I (n = 65,009) tracked @entity0 with Hgb values initially outside the goal range (<11 or >12 g/dL) during 2000. Correlation with facility-specific thresholds also was evaluated. Phase II (n = 48,133) quantified variation in 3-month rolling average Hgb levels in a subset with greater than 10 months of data (mean Hgb, 11.4 +/- 1.3 g/dL). RESULTS: A total of 24,948 @entity0 (38.4%) had Hgb levels between 11 and 12 g/dL. In only 8% did Hgb levels consistently remain less than 11 g/dL, and in 18%, greater than 12 g/dL all year. Twenty-nine percent (18,633 @entity0 ) moved from below to above target range or vice versa. Greater mean facility Hgb level correlated with a greater percentage of @entity0 with Hgb levels greater than 10 g/dL (R2 = 0.49) and greater than 12.5 g/dL (R2 = 0.61). For facilities to have 90% or greater of @entity0 with 3-month rolling average Hgb levels greater than 10 g/dL, 13% to 31% of @entity0 will have 3-month rolling average Hgb values greater than 12.5 g/dL. The average individual @entity0 is expected to have a +/-1.4-g/dL fluctuation in 3-month rolling average Hgb levels per year. Despite increased mean Hgb levels and @entity4 (EPO) and @entity1 use, the spread of the Hgb distribution curve remained unchanged in the last 6 years. CONCLUSION: Variability caused by laboratory assays, biological factors, and therapeutic response determines @entity0 Hgb level variability. Improving factors that can be manipulated (eg, standardizing EPO and @entity1 algorithms) and adjustment of the target Hgb level range, specifically, by increasing the upper bound, likely will decrease the observed variability and further enhance the quality of @entity2 management.

title: Effect of variability in @entity2 management on hemoglobin outcomes in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: One of the complications of hemodialysis (HD) therapy is @entity1 caused by @entity3 ( @entity3 ) deficiency. Recombinant @entity3 ( @entity6 ) has been used routinely as a supplemental treatment. Erythrocyte expression of the complement regulatory proteins @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity2 restricts complement activation and inhibits @entity4 . We hypothesized that the efficacy of @entity6 treatment may be caused in part by the ability of @entity6 to increase erythrocyte expression of @entity7 and @entity2 . METHODS: @entity7 , @entity2 , and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) levels were analyzed for a group of 95 HD @entity0 and compared with those of a control group. To evaluate effects of discontinuation of @entity6 therapy, @entity6 therapy was stopped for 12 HD @entity0 until hematocrits decreased to less than 25%. @entity7 and @entity2 levels then were reanalyzed. RESULTS: In the 95 HD @entity0 , three factors correlated significantly: @entity7 and @entity2 (r = 0.642), @entity7 and @entity5 (r = 0.503), and @entity2 and @entity5 (r = 0.324), whereas no correlations were found in the group of 42 healthy controls. In the experiment in which @entity6 therapy was discontinued, 8 of 12 @entity0 reached the defined level of @entity1 4 to 7 weeks after @entity6 treatment had been withheld. Both @entity7 and @entity2 levels decreased significantly after discontinuation of @entity6 therapy (P < 0.01). @entity7 and @entity2 levels increased in all 8 @entity0 after @entity6 treatment was reinitiated (P < 0.01), and @entity5 levels increased in 5 of 8 @entity0 . Four of 12 @entity0 showed no evidence of @entity1 after discontinuation of @entity6 treatment. In these @entity0 , @entity7 , @entity2 , and @entity5 levels did not change before or after withholding @entity6 therapy. CONCLUSION: One of the mechanisms mediating the efficacy of @entity3 therapy is increased @entity7 and @entity2 expression.

title: Recombinant XXXX therapy increases erythrocyte expression of complement regulatory proteins.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity7 (BUDR) is a @entity5 analog which is incorporated into the DNA of proliferating cells. Since the dose of BUDR needed to label cells is not toxic, cell labelling can be accomplished in vivo, by infusing the substance in patients. A monoclonal antibody against BUDR is then used to identify BUDR-labelled cells. The same cell population can also be stained for DNA content with @entity9 (PI). Using bivariate flow cytometry (FCM) for measurements, both the percentage of BUDR-labelled cells and their total DNA content can be evaluated. This technique allows one to obtain the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity10 ( @entity10 ). The potential doubling time (Tpot) and the fractional turnover rate (FTR) can be mathematically derived, so that a complete picture of @entity1 growth can be obtained. Our aim was to ascertain whether this method is clinically applicable and whether the kinetic values obtained are reliable. We studied 22 @entity0 with benign and malignant @entity6 , and observed no immediate @entity3 from BUDR administration. The BUDRLI obtained ranged from 0.9% to 3.9% (median: 2.0%) in @entity8 and from 3.8% to 7.6% (median: 6.3%) in @entity2 (P less than 0.01). The fraction of S-phase cells determined with the BUDR FCM technique was statistically similar to that found by single DNA flow cytometric analysis performed on duplicate samples of both benign and malignant @entity6 . The @entity10 obtained in @entity2 ranged from 10.5 to 227 h (median: 12.8). The calculated Tpot ranged from 7.6 to 26.8 days (median: 11.6), and the calculated FTR ranged from 3.7 to 13.1 cells/100 cells/day (median: 8.8). These data suggest that in vivo BUDR infusion coupled with FCM can be performed in clinical settings, and it is reliable and can easily be used for kinetic studies in clinical trials aimed at evaluating the prognostic relevance of proliferative parameters and in @entity1 treatment.

title: Cell kinetics of @entity0 @entity6 : in vivo study with XXXX and flow cytometry.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 (BUDR) is a @entity5 analog which is incorporated into the DNA of proliferating cells. Since the dose of BUDR needed to label cells is not toxic, cell labelling can be accomplished in vivo, by infusing the substance in patients. A monoclonal antibody against BUDR is then used to identify BUDR-labelled cells. The same cell population can also be stained for DNA content with @entity9 (PI). Using bivariate flow cytometry (FCM) for measurements, both the percentage of BUDR-labelled cells and their total DNA content can be evaluated. This technique allows one to obtain the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity10 ( @entity10 ). The potential doubling time (Tpot) and the fractional turnover rate (FTR) can be mathematically derived, so that a complete picture of @entity1 growth can be obtained. Our aim was to ascertain whether this method is clinically applicable and whether the kinetic values obtained are reliable. We studied 22 @entity0 with benign and malignant @entity6 , and observed no immediate @entity3 from BUDR administration. The BUDRLI obtained ranged from 0.9% to 3.9% (median: 2.0%) in @entity8 and from 3.8% to 7.6% (median: 6.3%) in @entity2 (P less than 0.01). The fraction of S-phase cells determined with the BUDR FCM technique was statistically similar to that found by single DNA flow cytometric analysis performed on duplicate samples of both benign and malignant @entity6 . The @entity10 obtained in @entity2 ranged from 10.5 to 227 h (median: 12.8). The calculated Tpot ranged from 7.6 to 26.8 days (median: 11.6), and the calculated FTR ranged from 3.7 to 13.1 cells/100 cells/day (median: 8.8). These data suggest that in vivo BUDR infusion coupled with FCM can be performed in clinical settings, and it is reliable and can easily be used for kinetic studies in clinical trials aimed at evaluating the prognostic relevance of proliferative parameters and in @entity1 treatment.

title: Cell kinetics of @entity0 XXXX : in vivo study with @entity7 and flow cytometry.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity7 (BUDR) is a @entity5 analog which is incorporated into the DNA of proliferating cells. Since the dose of BUDR needed to label cells is not toxic, cell labelling can be accomplished in vivo, by infusing the substance in patients. A monoclonal antibody against BUDR is then used to identify BUDR-labelled cells. The same cell population can also be stained for DNA content with @entity9 (PI). Using bivariate flow cytometry (FCM) for measurements, both the percentage of BUDR-labelled cells and their total DNA content can be evaluated. This technique allows one to obtain the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity10 ( @entity10 ). The potential doubling time (Tpot) and the fractional turnover rate (FTR) can be mathematically derived, so that a complete picture of @entity1 growth can be obtained. Our aim was to ascertain whether this method is clinically applicable and whether the kinetic values obtained are reliable. We studied 22 @entity0 with benign and malignant @entity6 , and observed no immediate @entity3 from BUDR administration. The BUDRLI obtained ranged from 0.9% to 3.9% (median: 2.0%) in @entity8 and from 3.8% to 7.6% (median: 6.3%) in @entity2 (P less than 0.01). The fraction of S-phase cells determined with the BUDR FCM technique was statistically similar to that found by single DNA flow cytometric analysis performed on duplicate samples of both benign and malignant @entity6 . The @entity10 obtained in @entity2 ranged from 10.5 to 227 h (median: 12.8). The calculated Tpot ranged from 7.6 to 26.8 days (median: 11.6), and the calculated FTR ranged from 3.7 to 13.1 cells/100 cells/day (median: 8.8). These data suggest that in vivo BUDR infusion coupled with FCM can be performed in clinical settings, and it is reliable and can easily be used for kinetic studies in clinical trials aimed at evaluating the prognostic relevance of proliferative parameters and in @entity1 treatment.

title: Cell kinetics of XXXX @entity6 : in vivo study with @entity7 and flow cytometry.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The LiGHT trial (Laser-1st versus Drops-1st for @entity3 Trial) is a multicentre randomised controlled trial of two treatment pathways for @entity0 who are newly diagnosed with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The main hypothesis for the trial is that lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) with selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) as the primary treatment ('Laser-1st') leads to a better health-related quality of life than for those started on IOP-lowering drops as their primary treatment ('Medicine-1st') and that this is associated with reduced costs and improved tolerability of treatment. This paper describes the statistical analysis plan for the study. METHODS/DESIGN: The LiGHT trial is an unmasked, multi-centre randomised controlled trial. A total of 718 @entity0 (359 per arm) are being randomised to two groups: medicine-first or laser-first treatment. Outcomes are recorded at baseline and at 6-month intervals up to 36  months. The primary outcome measure is health-related quality of life (HRQL) at 36  months measured using the EQ-5D-5L. The main secondary outcome is the @entity1 Index. We plan to analyse the @entity0 outcome data according to the group to which the @entity0 was originally assigned. Methods of statistical analysis are described, including the handling of missing data, the covariates used in the adjusted analyses and the planned sensitivity analyses. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The trial was registered with the ISRCTN register on 23/07/2012, number ISRCTN32038223 .

title: Statistical analysis plan for the Laser-1st versus Drops-1st for XXXX Trial (LiGHT): a multi-centre randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: It is not clear whether levels of continuous @entity3 (cMetS) are associated with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The aim of this study was to determine the ability of the cMetS score to predict progression to @entity5 in non-diabetic first-degree relatives (FDRs) of @entity0 with @entity5 in Isfahan, Iran. METHODS: A total of 1,869 non-diabetic FDRs 30-70 years old in 2003-2005 were followed through 2014 for the occurrence of @entity5 . At baseline and through follow-ups, @entity0 underwent a standard 75 g 2-h oral @entity4 tolerance test. MetS was defined by the National @entity2 Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III. The cMetS score was calculated using age- and gender-standardized Z-score for MetS components. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the association between cMetS and components of MetS with @entity5 . RESULTS: During 13,571 @entity0 -years of follow-up, 72 @entity0 and 210 @entity0 developed @entity1 . Those in the top quartile of cMetS were 8.0 times more likely to develop @entity1 than those in the bottom quartile (OR 7.96; 95% CI 4.88-12.99). On ROC curve analysis, a higher area under the ROC were found for FPG (74.3%; 95% CI 70.8-77.8), than for cMetS (69.4%; 95% CI 66.0-72.8). CONCLUSIONS: The cMetS score is a robust predictor of @entity5 and may be more effective and efficient than the current binary definition of MetS in predicting progression to @entity5 in our study population.

title: Utility of Continuous Metabolic Syndrome Score in Assessing Risk of Type 2 XXXX : The Isfahan @entity1 Prevention Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: It is not clear whether levels of continuous @entity3 (cMetS) are associated with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). The aim of this study was to determine the ability of the cMetS score to predict progression to @entity5 in non-diabetic first-degree relatives (FDRs) of @entity0 with @entity5 in Isfahan, Iran. METHODS: A total of 1,869 non-diabetic FDRs 30-70 years old in 2003-2005 were followed through 2014 for the occurrence of @entity5 . At baseline and through follow-ups, @entity0 underwent a standard 75 g 2-h oral @entity4 tolerance test. MetS was defined by the National @entity2 Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III. The cMetS score was calculated using age- and gender-standardized Z-score for MetS components. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to assess the association between cMetS and components of MetS with @entity5 . RESULTS: During 13,571 @entity0 -years of follow-up, 72 @entity0 and 210 @entity0 developed @entity1 . Those in the top quartile of cMetS were 8.0 times more likely to develop @entity1 than those in the bottom quartile (OR 7.96; 95% CI 4.88-12.99). On ROC curve analysis, a higher area under the ROC were found for FPG (74.3%; 95% CI 70.8-77.8), than for cMetS (69.4%; 95% CI 66.0-72.8). CONCLUSIONS: The cMetS score is a robust predictor of @entity5 and may be more effective and efficient than the current binary definition of MetS in predicting progression to @entity5 in our study population.

title: Utility of Continuous Metabolic Syndrome Score in Assessing Risk of Type 2 @entity1 : The Isfahan XXXX Prevention Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: There is ambiguity with regard to the optimal management of @entity5 . The aim of this review was to assess and compare international/national society guidelines currently available in the literature on the management, treatment and surveillance of @entity5 . We also aimed to assess the quality of the studies used to compile the guidelines and to clarify the terminology used in histological assessment. METHOD: An electronic search of PubMed and Embase was performed using the search terms ' @entity6 ', 'AIN', ' @entity1 ', 'guidelines', 'surveillance' and 'management'. Literature reviews and guidelines or practice guidelines in peer reviewed journals from 1(st) January 2000 to 31(st) December 2014, assessing the treatment, surveillance or management of @entity0 with AIN related to HPV were included. The guidelines identified by the search were assessed for the quality of evidence behind them using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 Levels of Evidence. RESULTS: The database search identified 5159 articles and two further guidelines were sourced from official body guidelines. After inclusion criteria were applied, 28 full text papers were reviewed. Twenty-five of these were excluded, leaving three guidelines for inclusion in the systematic review including those published by the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI), the American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons (ASCRS) and the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR). There were no guidelines identified on the management of @entity5 from @entity2 associations and societies. All three guidelines agree that a high index of clinical suspicion is essential for diagnosing AIN with a disease-specific history, physical examination, digital rectal examination and anal cytology. There is interchange of terminology from @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (which incorporates AIN II/III) and @entity5 between the literature leading to @entity3 in therapy use. Treatment varies from immunomodulation and photodynamic therapy to targeted destruction of areas of @entity4 /AIN II/III using infrared coagulation, electrocautery, cryotherapy or surgical excision but with little consensus between the guidelines. Recommendations on surveillance strategies were similarly discordant, ranging from six-monthly physical examination to annual anoscopy +/- biopsy. Over 50% of the recommendations are based on Level 3 or Level 4 evidence and many were compiled using studies that were greater than 10 years old. CONCLUSION: Despite concordance regarding diagnosis, there is significant variation amongst the guidelines over recommendations on the treatment and surveillance of @entity0 with @entity4 /AIN II/III. All three sets of guidelines are based on low level, out-dated evidence originating from the 1980s and 1990s. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Systematic Review of guidelines for the assessment and management of High Grade XXXX (AIN II/III).

answer: @entity6


abstract: It is well known that closure of the @entity4 is incomplete in about 25-30% of all @entity0 ; the @entity2 is a direct consequence. Roughly two-thirds of these @entity0 do not show symptoms and only one-third become symptomatic. The symptoms are mild in about 75% of the symptomatic @entity0 ; no treatment or medical treatment by pediatrician is required. In the remaining 25% the symptoms are moderate or severe and the clinical treatment is necessary. About the 85% of these @entity0 are cured with conservative treatment and only 15% of this small remaining group require surgery. In the paper the diagnostic problems and indications for surgery are considered. The Authors report the results of 66 @entity0 operated on for @entity2 without (44 @entity0 ) and with (22 @entity0 ) @entity3 . The operative technique was gastropexy according to Boerema plus retroesophageal hiatopexy in the cases of important @entity3 . At the follow-up 61 @entity0 (92.5%) were completely asymptomatic and three showed mild symptoms without pathological radiological findings. Clinical and radiological recurrences occurred in two @entity0 (4.5%) with severe @entity1 . Two @entity0 were reoperated on postoperatively for an ileus due to adhesion. The mortality rate has been zero. In the author's opinion, the Boerema procedure is a simple, physiologic and fast technique, associated with very few complications and no mortality rate and should be considered the elective method in the surgical treatment of @entity2 and @entity3 in @entity5 @entity0 .

title: [Indications and results of surgical treatment in XXXX and @entity3 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: It is well known that closure of the @entity4 is incomplete in about 25-30% of all @entity0 ; the @entity2 is a direct consequence. Roughly two-thirds of these @entity0 do not show symptoms and only one-third become symptomatic. The symptoms are mild in about 75% of the symptomatic @entity0 ; no treatment or medical treatment by pediatrician is required. In the remaining 25% the symptoms are moderate or severe and the clinical treatment is necessary. About the 85% of these @entity0 are cured with conservative treatment and only 15% of this small remaining group require surgery. In the paper the diagnostic problems and indications for surgery are considered. The Authors report the results of 66 @entity0 operated on for @entity2 without (44 @entity0 ) and with (22 @entity0 ) @entity3 . The operative technique was gastropexy according to Boerema plus retroesophageal hiatopexy in the cases of important @entity3 . At the follow-up 61 @entity0 (92.5%) were completely asymptomatic and three showed mild symptoms without pathological radiological findings. Clinical and radiological recurrences occurred in two @entity0 (4.5%) with severe @entity1 . Two @entity0 were reoperated on postoperatively for an ileus due to adhesion. The mortality rate has been zero. In the author's opinion, the Boerema procedure is a simple, physiologic and fast technique, associated with very few complications and no mortality rate and should be considered the elective method in the surgical treatment of @entity2 and @entity3 in @entity5 @entity0 .

title: [Indications and results of surgical treatment in @entity2 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a proven prognostic factor of mortality in hemodialysis @entity0 . Traditional and nontraditional risk factors are almost equivalent in @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is the leading cause of @entity4 . Moreover, peritoneal @entity8 absorption accelerates the degenerative processes of connective tissues as in @entity1 . In our study, we examined the predictive value of @entity5 for total mortality in the @entity6 population.Data were collected from 198 prevalently adult Caucasian @entity6 @entity0 . One hundred twenty-six @entity0 (mean age 66.2 y, @entity0 [n=73], @entity1 ratio 75/126) had @entity2 ( @entity7 , @entity3 , peripheral @entity9 ). Initially, we evaluated factors affecting @entity5 and @entity2 by multivariate linear regression. Survival rates were estimated by recording clinical and demographic data associated with mortality during a 36-month follow-up using the Kaplan-Meier method. Analyses were further stratified based on the presence or absence of @entity2 and @entity5 levels above or below the upper tercile 3.61 arbitrary units. @entity5 was influenced by @entity2 (P<0.01, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.1-0.5) and white blood cell counts (P<0.001, 95% CI 0.031-0.117). According to the Spearman correlation, @entity5 correlated with peritoneal cumulative @entity8 exposure (P=0.02) and elapsed time in @entity6 (P=0.008). @entity2 correlated with age (P<0.001, 95% CI 1.24-1.65) and @entity1 (P<0.001, 95% CI 2.58-10.66). More deaths were observed in the high @entity5 group than in the low @entity5 group (34/68 vs 44/130; P=0.04). Comparing the @entity2 (-) low @entity5 group survival (mean 33.9 mos, @entity10 [ @entity10 ] 1.39) to @entity2 (+) low @entity5 (mean 30.5 mos, @entity10 1.37, P=0.03) and to @entity2 (+) high @entity5 group (mean 27.1 mos, @entity10 1.83, P=0.001), the difference was significant.In conclusion, among @entity6 @entity0 , @entity5 values over 3.61 arbitrary units seem to be a predictor of mortality. The relationship among peritoneal @entity8 exposure, @entity2 , and @entity1 suggests its suitability to characterize systemic cumulative @entity8 load in this @entity0 population.

title: Skin Autofluorescence and Mortality in XXXX on Peritoneal Dialysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most data regarding high blood @entity4 concentrations (BAC) >= 400 mg/dL have been from @entity4 @entity3 . Few studies have described this group and reported their @entity4 consumption patterns or outcomes compared to other @entity1 @entity0 . We hypothesised @entity1 @entity0 with very high BACs arrived to the @entity1 centre with less severe @entity1 than their sober counterparts. METHOD: Historical cohort of 46,222 @entity0 admitted to a major @entity1 centre between January 1, 2002 and October 31, 2011. BAC was categorised into ordinal groups by 100 mg/dL intervals. @entity4 questionnaire data on frequency and quantity was captured in the BAC >= 400 mg/dL group. The primary analysis was for BAC >= 400 mg/dL. RESULTS: BAC was recorded in 44,502 (96.3%) @entity0 . Those with a BAC >= 400 mg/dL accounted for 1.1% (147) of BAC positive cases. These @entity0 had the lowest proportion of severe @entity1 and in-hospital death in comparison with the other @entity4 groups (p<0.001). In adjusted analysis, the risk for severe injury increased with the BAC groups between 1 and 199 mg/dL and was not different or decreased for groups above 200 mg/dL in reference to the BAC negative group (test for trend p=0.001). BAC >= 400 group encountered more @entity1 caused by @entity1 in comparison with the other @entity4 groups (p<0.001), and the group comprised mainly of falls. Admission Glasgow @entity5 Scale was a poor predictor for @entity2 in the high BAC group. Readmission occurred in 22.4% (33) of @entity0 the BAC >= 400 group. The majority of these @entity0 reported drinking @entity4 4 or more days per week (81, 67.5%) and five or more drinks per day (79, 65.8%), evident of risky @entity4 use. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 admitted with BAC >= 400 mg/dL survived and their @entity1 were less severe than their less intoxicated and sober counterparts. They also had evidence for risky @entity4 use and nearly one-quarter returned to the @entity1 centre with another injury over the study period. Recognition of this highest BAC group presents an opportunity to provide focused care for their risky @entity4 use.

title: Injured @entity0 with very high blood XXXX concentrations.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Most data regarding high blood @entity4 concentrations (BAC) >= 400 mg/dL have been from @entity4 @entity3 . Few studies have described this group and reported their @entity4 consumption patterns or outcomes compared to other @entity1 @entity0 . We hypothesised @entity1 @entity0 with very high BACs arrived to the @entity1 centre with less severe @entity1 than their sober counterparts. METHOD: Historical cohort of 46,222 @entity0 admitted to a major @entity1 centre between January 1, 2002 and October 31, 2011. BAC was categorised into ordinal groups by 100 mg/dL intervals. @entity4 questionnaire data on frequency and quantity was captured in the BAC >= 400 mg/dL group. The primary analysis was for BAC >= 400 mg/dL. RESULTS: BAC was recorded in 44,502 (96.3%) @entity0 . Those with a BAC >= 400 mg/dL accounted for 1.1% (147) of BAC positive cases. These @entity0 had the lowest proportion of severe @entity1 and in-hospital death in comparison with the other @entity4 groups (p<0.001). In adjusted analysis, the risk for severe injury increased with the BAC groups between 1 and 199 mg/dL and was not different or decreased for groups above 200 mg/dL in reference to the BAC negative group (test for trend p=0.001). BAC >= 400 group encountered more @entity1 caused by @entity1 in comparison with the other @entity4 groups (p<0.001), and the group comprised mainly of falls. Admission Glasgow @entity5 Scale was a poor predictor for @entity2 in the high BAC group. Readmission occurred in 22.4% (33) of @entity0 the BAC >= 400 group. The majority of these @entity0 reported drinking @entity4 4 or more days per week (81, 67.5%) and five or more drinks per day (79, 65.8%), evident of risky @entity4 use. CONCLUSIONS: Most @entity1 admitted with BAC >= 400 mg/dL survived and their @entity1 were less severe than their less intoxicated and sober counterparts. They also had evidence for risky @entity4 use and nearly one-quarter returned to the @entity1 centre with another injury over the study period. Recognition of this highest BAC group presents an opportunity to provide focused care for their risky @entity4 use.

title: Injured XXXX with very high blood @entity4 concentrations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The lifetime risk (LTR) articulates the probability of disease in the residual lifetime for an index age. These estimates can be useful for general audience-targeted knowledge translation activities against @entity3 . There are only a few reports on lifetime of impact of @entity3 on @entity1 events in Asians in whom @entity1 incidence is higher than Westerners. METHODS: The Suita Study, a cohort study of @entity2 in Japan, was established in 1989. We included all @entity0 who were @entity1 free at baseline. Age (in years) was used as the time scale. Age-specific incidence rates were calculated with @entity0 -year method within 10-year bands. We estimated the sex and index-age specific LTR of first-ever @entity1 with taking the competing risk of @entity4 into account. RESULTS: We followed 5783 @entity0 and @entity0 during 1989-2007 for 74933 @entity0 -years. During the follow-up period, 276 (149 @entity0 and 127 @entity0 ) @entity0 had incident @entity1 . Of them, majority were @entity5 ; 166 (102 @entity0 and 64 @entity0 ). The LTR of @entity1 , accounted for competing risk of @entity4 , at 45 years of age for @entity0 without @entity3 was 17.21% and it was 32.79% for @entity3 @entity0 . Among the @entity3 @entity0 , @entity0 with stage 2 or greater @entity3 had higher LTR of @entity1 than the @entity0 with stage 1 @entity3 . This increased LTR of @entity1 for @entity3 @entity0 were also observed among @entity0 and across all index ages for @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In this urban community-based population, we observed that @entity3 has significant effect on the residual LTR of @entity1 among both @entity0 and @entity0 of middle age, specifically for @entity5 .

title: @entity3 and lifetime risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The lifetime risk (LTR) articulates the probability of disease in the residual lifetime for an index age. These estimates can be useful for general audience-targeted knowledge translation activities against @entity3 . There are only a few reports on lifetime of impact of @entity3 on @entity1 events in Asians in whom @entity1 incidence is higher than Westerners. METHODS: The Suita Study, a cohort study of @entity2 in Japan, was established in 1989. We included all @entity0 who were @entity1 free at baseline. Age (in years) was used as the time scale. Age-specific incidence rates were calculated with @entity0 -year method within 10-year bands. We estimated the sex and index-age specific LTR of first-ever @entity1 with taking the competing risk of @entity4 into account. RESULTS: We followed 5783 @entity0 and @entity0 during 1989-2007 for 74933 @entity0 -years. During the follow-up period, 276 (149 @entity0 and 127 @entity0 ) @entity0 had incident @entity1 . Of them, majority were @entity5 ; 166 (102 @entity0 and 64 @entity0 ). The LTR of @entity1 , accounted for competing risk of @entity4 , at 45 years of age for @entity0 without @entity3 was 17.21% and it was 32.79% for @entity3 @entity0 . Among the @entity3 @entity0 , @entity0 with stage 2 or greater @entity3 had higher LTR of @entity1 than the @entity0 with stage 1 @entity3 . This increased LTR of @entity1 for @entity3 @entity0 were also observed among @entity0 and across all index ages for @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In this urban community-based population, we observed that @entity3 has significant effect on the residual LTR of @entity1 among both @entity0 and @entity0 of middle age, specifically for @entity5 .

title: XXXX and lifetime risk of @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 (TGA) is a congenital @entity2 successfully corrected through arterial switch operation (ASO). Although this technique had significant impact in improving survival, little is known about the functional capacity of the operated @entity0 long-term after surgery. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the functional capacity of @entity0 with TGA long-term after ASO with that of healthy @entity0 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. @entity0 : All @entity0 that performed cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) were included in the study. As a control group, healthy @entity0 in evaluation for physical activity that performed CPET during the same period were also enrolled. RESULTS: Thirty-one TGA @entity0 (19 male) were compared with 29 age-matched controls (21 male). Maximum @entity1 consumption was higher in the control group (45.47        8.05 vs. 40.52        7.19, P   =   .017), although within normal limits in both groups (above 90% of predicted value). The heart rate behavior during exercise was different in both groups, with a mean chronotropic index significantly lower in the TGA group (63%        14 vs. 81%        12, P   <   .001). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that exercise capacity long-term after ASO in TGA is well preserved although lower than in healthy @entity0 what might be explained by the presence of chronotropic incompetence in the TGA group.

title: Exercise Capacity Long-Term after Arterial Switch Operation for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Cytogenetic studies were performed on a new series of 23 @entity0 with therapy-related @entity4 , preleukaemia or an @entity2 . In our total series of now 61 cases studied by chromosome banding techniques, at least one of the abnormalities -7, 5q-, 7q- or -5 or some related unbalanced translocations, primarily -7, +t(1q7p), was observed in 40 @entity0 . The critical region for the deletions of chromosome no. 5 comprises bands 5q22 to 5q33 and of chromosome no. 7 bands distal to 7q22. The third most frequently involved chromosome was no. 21, rearranged at band 21q22 in the three @entity0 with 21q+ and in one @entity0 with 21q-. An i(21q) was observed in two @entity0 , a -21 in four @entity0 and a -22, +t(21q22q) and a -5, -21, +t(5p21q) in one @entity0 each. Other @entity3 included @entity1 or rearrangements of the short arm of chromosome no. 17, observed in nine @entity0 . One @entity0 had a -12, three others had rearrangements resulting in a partial or @entity1 of the short arm of chromosome no. 12. A 19q+ with translocation to band 19q13 was observed in three cases, a -18 in three cases and a 3p- in four cases. Thirty-one @entity0 with multiple chromosome aberrations experienced a significantly shorter survival as compared to 13 @entity0 with a normal karyotype (P = 0.02) and 17 @entity0 with one single chromosome aberration (P less than 0.01).

title: Cytogenetic characteristics of therapy-related acute nonlymphocytic leukaemia, preleukaemia and XXXX : correlation with clinical data for 61 consecutive cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The mortality experience of 1074 white @entity0 who retired from a United States @entity4 company during the period 1941-67 and who were exposed to @entity4 working as production and maintenance employees for the company is reported to the end of 1980 when 88% of this cohort was known to be dead. As noted in earlier reports the mortality for respiratory and @entity6 was raised. A more detailed examination of causes of @entity2 shows that the excess in @entity6 was largely due to a statistically significant excess in @entity1 . A statistically significant excess was also noted for @entity3 , @entity7 , and non-malignant @entity5 . Eight deaths from malignant @entity8 were observed, two of which were peritoneal. Asbestos exposures for these @entity8 cases were low relative to other members of the cohort. Continuing follow up of this cohort shows a dose response relation for @entity1 that has become increasingly linear. Standardised mortality ratios peaked 10 to 15 years after retirement and were relatively constant at around 250 in each five year interval starting in 1950. This excess might have been detected as early as 1960 but certainly by 1965. The mortality experience of this cohort reflects the ultimate effects of @entity4 since nearly all of the cohort has now died.

title: Asbestos and @entity1 : a cohort followed up to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The mortality experience of 1074 white @entity0 who retired from a United States @entity4 company during the period 1941-67 and who were exposed to @entity4 working as production and maintenance employees for the company is reported to the end of 1980 when 88% of this cohort was known to be dead. As noted in earlier reports the mortality for respiratory and @entity6 was raised. A more detailed examination of causes of @entity2 shows that the excess in @entity6 was largely due to a statistically significant excess in @entity1 . A statistically significant excess was also noted for @entity3 , @entity7 , and non-malignant @entity5 . Eight deaths from malignant @entity8 were observed, two of which were peritoneal. Asbestos exposures for these @entity8 cases were low relative to other members of the cohort. Continuing follow up of this cohort shows a dose response relation for @entity1 that has become increasingly linear. Standardised mortality ratios peaked 10 to 15 years after retirement and were relatively constant at around 250 in each five year interval starting in 1950. This excess might have been detected as early as 1960 but certainly by 1965. The mortality experience of this cohort reflects the ultimate effects of @entity4 since nearly all of the cohort has now died.

title: Asbestos and XXXX : a cohort followed up to @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN.: Retrospective propensity score multivariate analysis of the National @entity1 Data Bank (NTDB) between 2008-2011. OBJECTIVE.: To determine the relationship between insurance status and rates of surgery for acute @entity2 with and without @entity4 ( @entity4 ). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.: The decision for surgery in @entity0 with @entity2 is often based on @entity2 pattern and stability, associated @entity4 , and the presence of ligamentous and other associated injuries. It is poorly understood how non-clinical factors, such as insurance status, influence the decision for surgical intervention in @entity0 sustaining spinal @entity1 . METHODS.: Using NTDB admission years 2008-2011, we included @entity0 18-64 years old who sustained a @entity2 of the cervical or thoracolumbar spine. @entity0 were excluded if they sustained polytrauma (Injury Severity Score >= 27) or a @entity1 (Abbreviated Injury Scale severity >= 3) to the head, thorax, or abdomen. Our main outcome measure was surgical versus nonsurgical treatment for @entity5 ; our main predictor was insurance status. Hierarchical multivariate regression analysis and propensity scores were used to determine the relationship between insurance status and surgical treatment, controlling for other factors. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (OR) for rates of surgery. RESULTS.: Our propensity score multivariate analysis demonstrated significantly higher rates of surgery in @entity0 with @entity4 (OR=11.76, P<0.001), insurance (OR=1.27, P<0.001), white (OR=1.21, P=0.018) versus black race, blunt @entity1 (OR=5.63, P<0.001), shock (OR=1.62, P<0.001), higher Glasgow @entity3 Scale (GCS) score (OR=1.02, P=0.002), transfer from lower acuity hospital (OR=1.51, P<0.001) and treatment at teaching hospitals (OR=1.49, P<0.001). Multivariable subgroup analysis of @entity4 @entity0 similarly revealed higher surgical rates for insured @entity0 (OR=1.46, P<0.001) compared to those without insurance. CONCLUSIONS.: @entity0 with traumatic spine fractures were more likely to receive surgery if they were insured, regardless of the presence of @entity4 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: The Influence of Insurance Status on the Surgical Treatment of Acute XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Nine @entity0 , aged 19 to 57 years (mean: 37 years) with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) secondarily resistant to chemotherapy (8 stages CS IV involving the bone marrow and 1 stage III) were studied. Histologic forms according to the Lennert classification were as follow: 1 nodular centrocytic which developed into a diffuse centroblastic, 3 diffuse immunoblastic, 4 diffuse centrocytic-centroblastic, and 1 T cell lymphoblastic. The nine @entity0 were managed by external irradiation of the lower half of the body (LHBI), followed six weeks later by irradiation of the upper half of the body (UHBI). A single dose of 8.00 Gy in 7 cases and 6.00 Gy in 2 cases was delivered. Three @entity0 developed severe medullary @entity2 . Each of these @entity0 had received 8.00 Gy and been given a course of chemotherapy between the two radiation sessions. The @entity2 was fatal in two @entity0 . Overall apparent clinical remission rate was 5/9, with one iatrogenic death at 3.5 months; one lost to follow-up after 8 months; for three other cases, the duration of apparent complete remission was 15, 22 and 36 months. One @entity0 was alive in partial remission 30 months after irradiation. Three @entity0 who failed to respond to treatment, were died between 4 and 11 months.

title: [Half-body irradiation and XXXX . Apropos of 9 cases].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effect of a preceding brief interruption in the illumination of a small numeral eight on the @entity3 was investigated in @entity0 subjects. In Exp. 1 (n = 9) trials were given in which a 20-msec. interruption of the visual stimulus preceded elicitation of the @entity2 blink by a loud tone at intervals from 80 to 200 msec. Compared to trials on which the digit was continuously lit but the reflex was elicited, the blink was augmented at 80 msec. and @entity1 at longer intervals. Exp. 2 (n = 24) showed that the @entity1 effect peaked at about 200 msec. and did not depend upon requiring subjects to make judgements concerning the stimuli. In Exp. 3 (n = 17) dark intervals ranged from 1.25 msec. to 40 msec. and preceded the loud tone by 200 msec. Reflex effects paralleled subjects' reports: dark intervals of 10 msec. or greater reliably inhibited the reflex and subjects reported seeing the dark interval at least 50% of the time at intervals of 8 msec. or greater, suggesting that the reflex method may be useful as an alternative objective technique for measuring visual temporal resolution.

title: Reflex modification by the @entity0 XXXX by antecedent interruption of a visual stimulus.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effect of a preceding brief interruption in the illumination of a small numeral eight on the @entity3 was investigated in @entity0 subjects. In Exp. 1 (n = 9) trials were given in which a 20-msec. interruption of the visual stimulus preceded elicitation of the @entity2 blink by a loud tone at intervals from 80 to 200 msec. Compared to trials on which the digit was continuously lit but the reflex was elicited, the blink was augmented at 80 msec. and @entity1 at longer intervals. Exp. 2 (n = 24) showed that the @entity1 effect peaked at about 200 msec. and did not depend upon requiring subjects to make judgements concerning the stimuli. In Exp. 3 (n = 17) dark intervals ranged from 1.25 msec. to 40 msec. and preceded the loud tone by 200 msec. Reflex effects paralleled subjects' reports: dark intervals of 10 msec. or greater reliably inhibited the reflex and subjects reported seeing the dark interval at least 50% of the time at intervals of 8 msec. or greater, suggesting that the reflex method may be useful as an alternative objective technique for measuring visual temporal resolution.

title: Reflex modification by the XXXX @entity3 by antecedent interruption of a visual stimulus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Irregularity of the ventricular rhythm is a hallmark of @entity0 with @entity1 , yet the genesis of the irregularity is not yet fully understood. The role of the atrioventricular (AV) node in determining the irregularity of the ventricular response to @entity1 was investigated by comparing the frequency distributions of the atrial (AA) and the ventricular (RR) intervals. Atrial electrograms and surface electrocardiographic leads were recorded during sustained @entity1 in 12 @entity0 with conduction over the AV node. The scaling factor (mean RR interval/mean AA interval) quantified the ability of the conduction pathway to scale the atrial input to a slower ventricular response and ranged from 2.55 to 5.92 (mean +/- SD 3.77 +/- 0.92). The coefficient of variation (SD/mean) measured the relative variability of the AA and RR interval distributions. The @entity2 of variation were not significantly different (0.20 +/- 0.04 versus 0.21 +/- 0.03, p greater than 0.27). Similar recordings were analyzed in six @entity0 with conduction over a accessory AV pathway. The scaling factor ranged from 1.54 to 2.46 (2.02 +/- 0.39) and, as was the case for @entity0 with conduction over the AV node, the @entity2 of variation did not significantly differ (0.24 +/- 0.08 versus 0.27 +/- 0.10, p greater than 0.6). For both groups of @entity0 , ventricular variability and the maximal RR intervals were predicted by the product of the scaling factor and either atrial variability or maximal AA intervals, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Ventricular response to XXXX : role of atrioventricular conduction pathways.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Muscle relaxants are widely used for general anesthesia and may be responsible for IgE-dependent anaphylactic reactions (AR). A controversial issue in the field of @entity1 is whether ARs are more frequent or severe in @entity3 subjects. Thus, we performed a case-control study comparing the distribution of various clinical and biologic signs of @entity2 . The case group included 32 @entity0 with a history of AR to @entity4 , the most commonly used muscle relaxant. The control group included 128 subjects, matched to the case group according to age, gender, and socioeconomic status. The case group consisted mainly of young and middle-aged @entity0 . Distribution of symptoms suggestive of @entity2 and of skin tests and specific IgE to common aeroallergens was similar in both groups. In contrast, total serum IgE level was much higher in the case group, suggesting the presence of specific IgE against @entity4 or other drugs. Thus, despite previous studies in the literature, @entity2 is not a risk factor for the occurrence of anaphylactic reactions to muscle relaxants. As AR to @entity4 is a pure model of an IgE-dependent @entity1 , our data do not support a relationship between @entity2 and @entity1 .

title: Atopy and anaphylactic reactions to XXXX .

answer: @entity4