abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the level of @entity1 in @entity0 with ocular inflammatory disease and to determine predictors of @entity1 in this population. DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional survey and medical record review. METHODS: @entity0 were consecutive @entity0 with noninfectious ocular inflammatory disease in a university-based tertiary referral center. Subjects were given the self-administered Beck @entity1 Inventory-II (BDI-II), National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire-25 (NEI VFQ-25), and additional supplemental questions. Medical records were reviewed for clinical characteristics. Univariate analyses were conducted to compare clinical characteristics between @entity0 with and without a positive screen for @entity1 , and a multivariate regression model was performed to determine the most significant predictors of @entity1 . RESULTS: Of the 104 @entity0 , 26.9% screened positive for @entity1 with the BDI-II. Of these subjects, only 39.3% had been previously diagnosed with @entity1 . NEI VFQ-25 scores were significantly lower in @entity1 @entity0 in all subscales except driving and color vision. Predictors of @entity1 were inadequate emotional support, lower visual functioning (VFQ composite score), history of changing immunomodulatory treatment, and current oral corticosteroid use. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 may be a significant but underrecognized comorbid condition in @entity0 with ocular inflammatory disease. Worse visual function was associated with @entity1 . The authors recommend heightened awareness of potential @entity1 in @entity0 with ocular inflammatory disease.

title: Depression and visual functioning in XXXX with ocular inflammatory disease.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Prophylactic probiotic therapy has shown beneficial effects in an experimental @entity0 model for acute @entity2 on the health status of the animals. Mechanisms by which probiotic therapy interferes with severity of acute @entity2 and associated @entity1 , however, are poorly understood. The aims of this study were to identify the probiotic-induced changes in the gut microbiota and to correlate these changes to disease outcome. Duodenum and ileum samples were obtained from healthy and diseased @entity0 subjected to @entity2 for 7 days and prophylactically treated with either a multispecies probiotic mixture or a placebo. Intestinal microbiota was characterized by terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analyses of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA gene fragments. These analyses showed that during acute @entity2 the host-specific ileal microbiota was replaced by an "acute @entity2 -associated microbiota." This replacement was not reversed by administration of the probiotic mixture. An increase, however, was observed in the relative abundance of a novel bacterial phylotype most closely related to Clostridium lituseburense and referred to as commensal @entity0 ileum bacterium (CRIB). Specific primers targeting the CRIB 16S rRNA gene sequence were developed to detect this phylotype by quantitative PCR. An ileal abundance of CRIB 16S rRNA genes of more than 7.5% of the total bacterial 16S rRNA gene pool was correlated with reduced duodenal @entity3 , reduced bacterial translocation to remote organs, improved pancreas pathology, and reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels in plasma. Our current findings and future studies involving this uncharacterized bacterial phylotype will contribute to unraveling one of the potential mechanisms of probiotic therapy.

title: Correlation between protection against XXXX by probiotic therapy and stimulation of a novel bacterial phylotype.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a devastating condition often affecting young and healthy individuals around the world. This debilitating condition not only creates enormous physical and emotional cost to individuals but also is a significant financial burden to society at large. The Objective was to study the outcome of spinal fixation with fixateur interne in cases of thoracolumbar spinal injuries in terms of neurological recovery and complications. METHODS: This Descriptive study was conducted at Department of Neurosurgery, Hayatabad Medical Complex and Postgraduate Medical Institute, Peshawar, from March, 2006 to December, 2007 Study included @entity0 admitted in Neurosurgery Ward HMC, with acute traumatic spinal injuries during the above mentioned period who underwent thoracolumbar spinal fixation with fixateur interne. Name, age, sex, other relevant data, history, examination findings and investigation results were recorded. Postoperative outcome was evaluated taking neurological status, and complications like @entity4 , implant failure and other complications into consideration. Follow-up of 6 months was carried out. RESULTS: There were 31 @entity0 , (18 male and 13 female). Fall from height (48%), road traffic accidents (26%) and @entity1 (26%) caused the @entity1 . Most common age group was from 21-30 years age. Fractured vertebrae included 2 D11 @entity2 , 12 D12 @entity2 , 13 L1 @entity2 , 3 L2 @entity2 and 1 L3 @entity2 . Mean operative time 80 minutes, mean @entity3 200 ml, mean hospital stay 6 days and mortality rate was 0%. Number of @entity0 with Frankel grade A reduced from 27 to 19 and in Frankel grade E increased from 0 to 4 @entity0 . Only one @entity0 had @entity4 and one @entity0 had implant removal. CONCLUSION: Fixateur interne is a useful and low-cost implant for fixation of thoracolumbar junction injuries with @entity6 and easy operative insertion and little @entity3 . It has excellent post-operative outcome in terms of neurological improvement and a very low complication rate. Mortality rate is minimal.

title: Outcome of fixateur interne in thoracolumbar XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is inability to ensure @entity0 bearing when it is wanted. Prevalence of @entity2 in industrialised countries has been quoted as 20%, and seems to be on the rise. Traditional way to assess the uterine cavity, tubal structure and tubal patency was hysterosalpingography but it has now been largely superseded by laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. The objective of this study was to highlight the role of laparoscopy in establishing diagnosis of @entity5 . METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted in Gynaecology Unit of Liaquat University of Medical Health Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan from 28th August 2000 to 1st July 2001. Total 200 sub-fertile @entity0 attended the gynaecology OPD. Out of these 30 @entity0 were selected for laparoscopy and dye test who were suspected cases of @entity1 , abnormal HSG and unexplained @entity2 . Those @entity0 who had medical disorders and contraindication for laparoscopy were excluded from study. Detailed history of every @entity0 was recorded on a proforma and physical examination was performed. Laparoscopy was scheduled in proliferative phase of menstrual cycle. Data were analysed using SPSS 11. Frequency and percentages were calculated to describe the results. RESULTS: Out of 200 sub-fertile @entity0 total 30 @entity0 were selected for laparoscopy. Twenty (66%) @entity0 were in @entity2 group while 10 (33%) @entity0 were in secondary @entity2 group. Eleven (55%) @entity0 of @entity2 belong to age group of 18-25 years while 6 (60%) @entity0 of secondary @entity2 belong to age group of 26-33 years (TABLE 1). Mean duration of sub fertility at time of presentation in @entity2 group was 1.95 years while in secondary @entity2 was 2.70 years (Table 2). In @entity2 group main associated symptoms were dysmenorrhoeal in 8 (40%), irregular cycles 5 (25%), and @entity4 in 4 (20%). In secondary @entity2 group 3 (30%) @entity0 had dysmenorrhoeal and @entity4 while 2 (20%) had irregular cycles. The commonest cause observed in @entity0 with @entity2 was @entity1 spots which accounted for 11 (55%). In @entity3 was more common which accounted for 3 (30%). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic procedures are less invasive, more convenient and more precise for diagnosis of @entity2 in @entity0 .

title: Laparoscopic evaluation of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is characterised by fluctuating periods of minimal disease activity and 'flare'. Flare is an important outcome variable impacting the disease burden associated with @entity3 . The objective of this study was to obtain population-based utility values for varying severities of flare to measure the impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in Australia, Canada, France, Japan, Spain and the UK. METHODS: Six @entity2 ( @entity2 ) for varying severities of flare were developed based on literature, @entity0 blogs, and interviews with @entity0 (n   =   12), rheumatologists (n   =   7) and nurses (n   =   2). @entity2 were validated by independent clinical experts (n   =   6) and pilot interviews (n   =   10, UK). @entity2 were evaluated using the time-trade-off (TTO) method during face-to-face interviews with a minimum representative sample (n   =   100) of the general population, per-country. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores were obtained to validate TTO scores. TTO scores were converted into utility values. RESULTS: The highest mean TTO utility scores were observed for the anchor @entity2 (minimal disease activity) across all countries; means ranged from 0.66 in Japan to 0.82 in UK. All flare @entity2 were associated with a disutility compared with the anchor @entity2 (p   <   0.001), means ranged across countries: mild flare @entity2 : 0.55-0.71, moderate flare @entity2 : 0.38-0.53, severe renal flare @entity2 : 0.33-0.45, severe @entity1 ( @entity1 ) flare @entity2 : 0.30-0.45 and severe generalised flare @entity2 : 0.19-0.33. Mean VAS scores followed the same trend. CONCLUSIONS: These results show increasing severity of flare has a detrimental impact on HRQoL. The severe generalised flare @entity2 received the lowest mean utility score suggesting that the perceived day-to-day impact of a severe generalised flare was greater than a severe @entity1 or severe renal flare. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first utility study to assess varying severities of flare in @entity3 across six different countries.

title: Elicitation of health state utilities associated with varying severities of flares in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The incidence of @entity1 varies from 5 to 80 per 100,000 inhabitants throughout the world. Recognizing the natural course of severe @entity1 a multidisciplinary approach had become the standard. The strategy of postponing surgical intervention was implemented in the treatment algorithm several years ago. METHODOLOGY: A retrospective analysis of @entity0 data from two five-year periods. The first period was from 01/1992 to 12/1997 (group 1), the second period from 10/2001 to 12/2006 (group 2). RESULTS: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed the impact of this approach on the outcome of our @entity0 with @entity2 . The time interval between onset of disease and first necrosectomy was in the mean 19.5 days in @entity0 of group 1 and 30 days in group 2 (p = 0.015). In group 1, 45/78 @entity0 (57%) were operated on during the first 14 days compared to 8/32 @entity0 (25%; p = 0.002) in group 2. The mortality was 41% in group 1 and 18% in group 2 (p = 0.026). There was also a statistically significant decrease in mortality when first necrosectomy was postponed after day 29 (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION: Our results are in line with several other analyses suggesting that the strategy of postponing surgery in @entity0 with @entity2 is associated with a decreased mortality.

title: Changing role of surgery in XXXX : a single-center experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Recent groundbreaking work has demonstrated that combined expression of the transcription factors @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity10 (BAM; also known as Wernig factors) convert @entity0 fibroblasts into postmitotic neuronal cells. However, questions remain regarding whether trans-conversion is achieved directly or involves an intermediary precursor stage. Trans-conversion toward expandable neural precursor cells (NPCs) is more useful than direct one-step neuron formation with respect to yielding a sufficient number of cells and the feasibility of manipulating @entity6 differentiation toward certain neuron subtypes. Here, we show that co-expression of Wernig factors and @entity4 induces fibroblast conversion into NPCs (induced NPCs (iNPCs)) that are highly expandable for >100 passages. Gene expression analyses showed that the iNPCs exhibited high expression of common @entity6 genes but not genes specific to defined embryonic brain regions. This finding indicated that a regional identity of iNPCs was not established. Upon induction, iNPCs predominantly differentiated into astrocytes. However, the differentiation potential was not fixed and could be efficiently manipulated into general or specific subtypes of neurons by expression of additional genes. Specifically, overexpression of @entity9 and @entity8 , transcription factors specific for midbrain @entity3 neuron development, drove iNPCs to yield mature midbrain @entity3 neurons equipped with presynaptic DA neuronal functions. We further assessed the therapeutic potential of iNPCs in @entity2 model @entity1 .

title: Generation of XXXX Neurons from Rodent Fibroblasts through the Expandable Neural Precursor Cell Stage.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Transcatheter device closure becomes the first option for treating secundum @entity1 ( @entity1 ), but the conventional method is sometimes unsuccessful even when the defect size indicates the closure to be feasible. To increase the success rate, modified methods have been introduced and used. This study aimed to find predictors for using the modified methods in the device closure of secundum ASDs. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Between October 2010 and December 2012, 92 @entity0 with ASDs underwent the transcatheter device closure. We analyzed the sizes of the defect, the surrounding rims, and the ratios of the left atrium (LA) dimensions to the device size in the @entity0 who underwent the procedure either using the conventional or modified methods. RESULTS: Among the 88 successful cases (95.7%), 22 @entity0 (25%) required modified methods (12 using pulmonary vein and 10 using balloon). The modified method group had the larger size of ASDs and smaller posterosuperior rim. The mean ratios of the LA anteroposterior diameter, width, and length to the device size were all significantly smaller in the modified methods group than in the conventional group (1.20 vs. 1.56, 1.32 vs. 1.71, and 1.61 vs. 2.07, respectively). We found that the risk factors for the modified methods were smaller retroaortic rim, larger @entity1 , and smaller LA dimension/device size. CONCLUSION: In addition to larger defects and smaller retroaortic rim, the smaller ratios of the LA dimensions to the device size influenced the need for the application of modified methods in the transcatheter device closure of ASDs.

title: Small left atrial size complicating percutaneous transcatheter device closure of secundum XXXX with conventional approach.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Experimental approaches have been promising with the use of therapeutic @entity5 after @entity1 ( @entity1 ) whereas clinical data have not supported its efficacy. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate whether using selective deeper brain cooling correlates with a more neuroprotective effect on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) increments following @entity1 in @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult male @entity0 (mean weight = 300 g; n = 25) were subjected to @entity4 using a modified Marmarou method. Immediately after the onset of @entity1 , @entity0 were randomized into three groups. Selective brain cooling was applied around the head using ice packages. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 were continuously measured at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes and recorded for all groups. Group 1 (n = 5) was normothermia and was assigned as the control group. Group 2 (n = 10) received moderate @entity5 with a target @entity3 of between 32  C - 33  C and Group 3 (n = 10) was given a @entity5 with a target @entity3 of below 32  C. RESULTS: All subjects reached the target @entity3 by the 30th minute of @entity5 induction. The @entity3 was significantly different in Group 2 compared to Group 1 only at the 120th minute (P = 0.017), while @entity2 was significantly lower starting from the 30th minute (P = 0.015). The @entity3 was significantly lower in Group 3 compared to Groups 1 and 2 starting from the 30th minute (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). The @entity2 was significantly lower in Group 3 compared to Group 1 starting from 30th minute (P = 0.001); however, a significant difference in @entity2 between Group 3 and Group 2 was observed only at the 180th minute (P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study indicate that selective brain cooling is an effective method of decreasing @entity2 in @entity0 ; however, the @entity5 caused a greater decrease in @entity2 three hours after @entity5 induction.

title: An experimental study: does the neuroprotective effect increase when @entity5 deepens after XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Experimental approaches have been promising with the use of therapeutic @entity5 after @entity1 ( @entity1 ) whereas clinical data have not supported its efficacy. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate whether using selective deeper brain cooling correlates with a more neuroprotective effect on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) increments following @entity1 in @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adult male @entity0 (mean weight = 300 g; n = 25) were subjected to @entity4 using a modified Marmarou method. Immediately after the onset of @entity1 , @entity0 were randomized into three groups. Selective brain cooling was applied around the head using ice packages. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 were continuously measured at 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes and recorded for all groups. Group 1 (n = 5) was normothermia and was assigned as the control group. Group 2 (n = 10) received moderate @entity5 with a target @entity3 of between 32  C - 33  C and Group 3 (n = 10) was given a @entity5 with a target @entity3 of below 32  C. RESULTS: All subjects reached the target @entity3 by the 30th minute of @entity5 induction. The @entity3 was significantly different in Group 2 compared to Group 1 only at the 120th minute (P = 0.017), while @entity2 was significantly lower starting from the 30th minute (P = 0.015). The @entity3 was significantly lower in Group 3 compared to Groups 1 and 2 starting from the 30th minute (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively). The @entity2 was significantly lower in Group 3 compared to Group 1 starting from 30th minute (P = 0.001); however, a significant difference in @entity2 between Group 3 and Group 2 was observed only at the 180th minute (P = 0.047). CONCLUSIONS: Results of this study indicate that selective brain cooling is an effective method of decreasing @entity2 in @entity0 ; however, the @entity5 caused a greater decrease in @entity2 three hours after @entity5 induction.

title: An experimental study: does the neuroprotective effect increase when XXXX deepens after @entity1 ?

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 and @entity2 are rare entities. On average 1 case per year of @entity5 is being seen in most of pediatric surgical centers and to date less than 10 cases of @entity1 have been reported. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The medical record of @entity0 of @entity5 and @entity2 managed during March 2006 to March 2010 was reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 15 @entity0 of @entity5 (11) and @entity2 (4) were the study population. Four were ascending colon @entity3 , 2 at hepatic flexure and transverse colon each, and 1 at sigmoid colon. Two @entity0 had multiple colonic @entity3 . One @entity0 of ascending colon @entity3 also had @entity7 . In @entity1 population (two congenital and two secondary to @entity4 ), two were transverse @entity1 and two were sigmoid @entity1 . The preoperative diagnosis was distal small bowel @entity3 in 11 @entity0 . Colonic @entity3 were managed by colocolic anastomosis with covering ileostomy in 8 @entity0 . The remaining 3 @entity0 were managed by exteriorizing both ends of @entity3 . @entity1 cases were managed by primary colocolic anastomosis in 1 @entity0 and colocolic anastomosis under covering ileostomy in 3 @entity0 . Three @entity0 of @entity5 succumbed postoperatively. CONCLUSION: @entity5 and @entity2 are rare entities. Associated @entity6 may result poor prognosis. @entity5 can safely be managed by colocolic anastomosis with covering ileostomy.

title: @entity5 and XXXX : our experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 and @entity2 are rare entities. On average 1 case per year of @entity5 is being seen in most of pediatric surgical centers and to date less than 10 cases of @entity1 have been reported. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The medical record of @entity0 of @entity5 and @entity2 managed during March 2006 to March 2010 was reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 15 @entity0 of @entity5 (11) and @entity2 (4) were the study population. Four were ascending colon @entity3 , 2 at hepatic flexure and transverse colon each, and 1 at sigmoid colon. Two @entity0 had multiple colonic @entity3 . One @entity0 of ascending colon @entity3 also had @entity7 . In @entity1 population (two congenital and two secondary to @entity4 ), two were transverse @entity1 and two were sigmoid @entity1 . The preoperative diagnosis was distal small bowel @entity3 in 11 @entity0 . Colonic @entity3 were managed by colocolic anastomosis with covering ileostomy in 8 @entity0 . The remaining 3 @entity0 were managed by exteriorizing both ends of @entity3 . @entity1 cases were managed by primary colocolic anastomosis in 1 @entity0 and colocolic anastomosis under covering ileostomy in 3 @entity0 . Three @entity0 of @entity5 succumbed postoperatively. CONCLUSION: @entity5 and @entity2 are rare entities. Associated @entity6 may result poor prognosis. @entity5 can safely be managed by colocolic anastomosis with covering ileostomy.

title: XXXX and @entity2 : our experience.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity2 results in over a million @entity1 every year, most of them in @entity0 aged under five years and living in sub-Saharan Africa. This review examines whether treatment with @entity3 , instead of the standard treatment @entity4 , would result in fewer @entity1 and better treatment outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To compare @entity3 with @entity4 for treating severe @entity2 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, ISI Web of Science, the metaRegister of Controlled trials (mRCT), conference proceedings, and reference lists of articles to November 2010. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials comparing intravenous, intramuscular, or rectal @entity3 with intravenous or intramuscular @entity4 for treating adults and @entity0 with severe @entity2 who are unable to take medication by mouth. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed the eligibility and risk of bias of trials, and extracted and analysed data. The primary outcome was all-cause @entity1 . Dichotomous outcomes were summarized using risk ratios (RR) and continuous outcomes by mean differences (MD). Where appropriate, we combined data in meta-analyses. MAIN RESULTS: Eight trials enrolling 1664 adults and 5765 @entity0 are included in this review.Treatment with @entity3 significantly reduced the risk of @entity1 both in adults (RR 0.61, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.50 to 0.75; 1664 @entity0 , five trials) and @entity0 (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.90; 5765 @entity0 , four trials)In @entity0 , treatment with @entity3 increased the incidence of neurological sequelae at the time of hospital discharge. The majority of these sequelae were transient and no significant difference between treatments was seen at later follow up. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The evidence clearly supports the superiority of parenteral @entity3 over @entity4 for the treatment of severe @entity2 in both adults and @entity0 and in different regions of the world.

title: @entity3 versus XXXX for treating severe @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity2 results in over a million @entity1 every year, most of them in @entity0 aged under five years and living in sub-Saharan Africa. This review examines whether treatment with @entity3 , instead of the standard treatment @entity4 , would result in fewer @entity1 and better treatment outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To compare @entity3 with @entity4 for treating severe @entity2 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, ISI Web of Science, the metaRegister of Controlled trials (mRCT), conference proceedings, and reference lists of articles to November 2010. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials comparing intravenous, intramuscular, or rectal @entity3 with intravenous or intramuscular @entity4 for treating adults and @entity0 with severe @entity2 who are unable to take medication by mouth. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed the eligibility and risk of bias of trials, and extracted and analysed data. The primary outcome was all-cause @entity1 . Dichotomous outcomes were summarized using risk ratios (RR) and continuous outcomes by mean differences (MD). Where appropriate, we combined data in meta-analyses. MAIN RESULTS: Eight trials enrolling 1664 adults and 5765 @entity0 are included in this review.Treatment with @entity3 significantly reduced the risk of @entity1 both in adults (RR 0.61, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.50 to 0.75; 1664 @entity0 , five trials) and @entity0 (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.90; 5765 @entity0 , four trials)In @entity0 , treatment with @entity3 increased the incidence of neurological sequelae at the time of hospital discharge. The majority of these sequelae were transient and no significant difference between treatments was seen at later follow up. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The evidence clearly supports the superiority of parenteral @entity3 over @entity4 for the treatment of severe @entity2 in both adults and @entity0 and in different regions of the world.

title: XXXX versus @entity4 for treating severe @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity2 results in over a million @entity1 every year, most of them in @entity0 aged under five years and living in sub-Saharan Africa. This review examines whether treatment with @entity3 , instead of the standard treatment @entity4 , would result in fewer @entity1 and better treatment outcomes. OBJECTIVES: To compare @entity3 with @entity4 for treating severe @entity2 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, ISI Web of Science, the metaRegister of Controlled trials (mRCT), conference proceedings, and reference lists of articles to November 2010. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials comparing intravenous, intramuscular, or rectal @entity3 with intravenous or intramuscular @entity4 for treating adults and @entity0 with severe @entity2 who are unable to take medication by mouth. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two authors independently assessed the eligibility and risk of bias of trials, and extracted and analysed data. The primary outcome was all-cause @entity1 . Dichotomous outcomes were summarized using risk ratios (RR) and continuous outcomes by mean differences (MD). Where appropriate, we combined data in meta-analyses. MAIN RESULTS: Eight trials enrolling 1664 adults and 5765 @entity0 are included in this review.Treatment with @entity3 significantly reduced the risk of @entity1 both in adults (RR 0.61, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.50 to 0.75; 1664 @entity0 , five trials) and @entity0 (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.65 to 0.90; 5765 @entity0 , four trials)In @entity0 , treatment with @entity3 increased the incidence of neurological sequelae at the time of hospital discharge. The majority of these sequelae were transient and no significant difference between treatments was seen at later follow up. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: The evidence clearly supports the superiority of parenteral @entity3 over @entity4 for the treatment of severe @entity2 in both adults and @entity0 and in different regions of the world.

title: @entity3 versus @entity4 for treating severe XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We intended to prospectively study the technical feasibility and advantages of esophageal @entity4 medial to the preserved azygos vein in neonates diagnosed with @entity8 with @entity9 (EA/ @entity10 ). The results were compared to the cases where azygos vein was either not preserved, or the @entity4 was done lateral to the arch of preserved azygos vein. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 134 @entity0 with EA/ @entity10 were admitted between January 2007 and July 2008 of which 116 underwent primary repair. Eleven @entity0 with long gap @entity11 and 7 @entity0 who expired before surgery were excluded. @entity0 were randomly divided in three groups comparable with respect to the gestational age, age at presentation, sex, birth weight, associated anomalies and the gap between the pouches after mobilization: Group A (azygos vein ligated and divided), Group B (azygos vein preserved with esophageal @entity4 lateral to the vein), and Group C azygos vein preserved with esophageal @entity4 medial to the vein). All the @entity0 were operated by extra-pleural approach. The three groups were compared with respect to operative time and early @entity5 like @entity1 , @entity7 and mortality. Odds ratio and Chi square test were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Group A, B and C had 35, 43 and 38 @entity0 respectively. No significant difference was observed in average operative time in the 3 groups. Though incidence of @entity2 was higher in group A (28%) as compared to group B (13.95%) and group C (11.62%), it was not statistically significant (p > 0.005). @entity7 occurred in 7 @entity0 in group A (20%), 6 @entity0 in group B (13.95%) and 4 @entity0 (10.52%) in group C (p > 0.005). Group A had 3 major and 4 minor @entity7 ; group B had 2 major and 4 minor leaks and group C had 1 major and 3 minor leaks. There were10 deaths in the series- 5 in group A, 3 in group B and 2 in group C (p > 0.005). @entity0 with major @entity7 in all 3 groups expired after re-exploration. The minor leaks were managed conservatively and all of them healed spontaneously. Severe @entity1 and @entity6 in @entity0 having @entity3 also contributed to the mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Although esophageal @entity4 medial to the preserved azygos vein restores the normal mediastinal anatomy without technical difficulty or increased operative time, the study could not prove a statistically significant advantage in terms of mortality and @entity5 .

title: Esophageal XXXX medial to preserved azygos vein in @entity8 with @entity9 : restoration of normal mediastinal anatomy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We intended to prospectively study the technical feasibility and advantages of esophageal @entity4 medial to the preserved azygos vein in neonates diagnosed with @entity8 with @entity9 (EA/ @entity10 ). The results were compared to the cases where azygos vein was either not preserved, or the @entity4 was done lateral to the arch of preserved azygos vein. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 134 @entity0 with EA/ @entity10 were admitted between January 2007 and July 2008 of which 116 underwent primary repair. Eleven @entity0 with long gap @entity11 and 7 @entity0 who expired before surgery were excluded. @entity0 were randomly divided in three groups comparable with respect to the gestational age, age at presentation, sex, birth weight, associated anomalies and the gap between the pouches after mobilization: Group A (azygos vein ligated and divided), Group B (azygos vein preserved with esophageal @entity4 lateral to the vein), and Group C azygos vein preserved with esophageal @entity4 medial to the vein). All the @entity0 were operated by extra-pleural approach. The three groups were compared with respect to operative time and early @entity5 like @entity1 , @entity7 and mortality. Odds ratio and Chi square test were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Group A, B and C had 35, 43 and 38 @entity0 respectively. No significant difference was observed in average operative time in the 3 groups. Though incidence of @entity2 was higher in group A (28%) as compared to group B (13.95%) and group C (11.62%), it was not statistically significant (p > 0.005). @entity7 occurred in 7 @entity0 in group A (20%), 6 @entity0 in group B (13.95%) and 4 @entity0 (10.52%) in group C (p > 0.005). Group A had 3 major and 4 minor @entity7 ; group B had 2 major and 4 minor leaks and group C had 1 major and 3 minor leaks. There were10 deaths in the series- 5 in group A, 3 in group B and 2 in group C (p > 0.005). @entity0 with major @entity7 in all 3 groups expired after re-exploration. The minor leaks were managed conservatively and all of them healed spontaneously. Severe @entity1 and @entity6 in @entity0 having @entity3 also contributed to the mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Although esophageal @entity4 medial to the preserved azygos vein restores the normal mediastinal anatomy without technical difficulty or increased operative time, the study could not prove a statistically significant advantage in terms of mortality and @entity5 .

title: Esophageal @entity4 medial to preserved azygos vein in @entity8 with XXXX : restoration of normal mediastinal anatomy.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We intended to prospectively study the technical feasibility and advantages of esophageal @entity4 medial to the preserved azygos vein in neonates diagnosed with @entity8 with @entity9 (EA/ @entity10 ). The results were compared to the cases where azygos vein was either not preserved, or the @entity4 was done lateral to the arch of preserved azygos vein. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 134 @entity0 with EA/ @entity10 were admitted between January 2007 and July 2008 of which 116 underwent primary repair. Eleven @entity0 with long gap @entity11 and 7 @entity0 who expired before surgery were excluded. @entity0 were randomly divided in three groups comparable with respect to the gestational age, age at presentation, sex, birth weight, associated anomalies and the gap between the pouches after mobilization: Group A (azygos vein ligated and divided), Group B (azygos vein preserved with esophageal @entity4 lateral to the vein), and Group C azygos vein preserved with esophageal @entity4 medial to the vein). All the @entity0 were operated by extra-pleural approach. The three groups were compared with respect to operative time and early @entity5 like @entity1 , @entity7 and mortality. Odds ratio and Chi square test were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Group A, B and C had 35, 43 and 38 @entity0 respectively. No significant difference was observed in average operative time in the 3 groups. Though incidence of @entity2 was higher in group A (28%) as compared to group B (13.95%) and group C (11.62%), it was not statistically significant (p > 0.005). @entity7 occurred in 7 @entity0 in group A (20%), 6 @entity0 in group B (13.95%) and 4 @entity0 (10.52%) in group C (p > 0.005). Group A had 3 major and 4 minor @entity7 ; group B had 2 major and 4 minor leaks and group C had 1 major and 3 minor leaks. There were10 deaths in the series- 5 in group A, 3 in group B and 2 in group C (p > 0.005). @entity0 with major @entity7 in all 3 groups expired after re-exploration. The minor leaks were managed conservatively and all of them healed spontaneously. Severe @entity1 and @entity6 in @entity0 having @entity3 also contributed to the mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Although esophageal @entity4 medial to the preserved azygos vein restores the normal mediastinal anatomy without technical difficulty or increased operative time, the study could not prove a statistically significant advantage in terms of mortality and @entity5 .

title: Esophageal @entity4 medial to preserved azygos vein in XXXX with @entity9 : restoration of normal mediastinal anatomy.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8 is one of the common causes of @entity7 in neonates. Transanal endorectal pull-through represents the latest development in the concept of the minimally invasive surgery for @entity8 . In this study, we present our early experience with single stage transanal pull through in neonates. DESIGN: Retrospective study of neonates with single stage transanal pull-through done for @entity8 in our institute from January 2011 to January 2013. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Five newborn @entity0 who presented with @entity8 were studied. The selection criteria included radiological transition zone at rectosigmoid or mid-sigmoid region, weight more than 2 kg, no evidence of @entity9 or @entity4 and no associated @entity2 . Single stage transanal endorectal pull-through was done in these @entity0 . The follow-up period ranged from 6 months to 2 years. RESULTS: Five @entity0 with a mean age of 26.4 days (range 15-45 days) and a mean weight of 2.6 Kg (range 2.2 to 3.7 Kg) underwent transanal endorectal pull through. The mean operating time was 68 min (range 60 to 120 min). The average intra-operative @entity3 was 20 ml (range - 10 to 30 ml) and the average length of bowel resected was 12.8 cm (range - 10 to 18 cm). Post-operatively @entity0 passed first stool between 2nd and 3rd day. Oral feeding was resumed on 5th to 6th post-operative day. The average post-operative duration of stay in hospital was 10 days. None of the @entity0 had @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity6 or retraction of anastomotic site. Three @entity0 developed perianal excoriation and one @entity0 had post-operative @entity9 . No mortality occurred in the series. CONCLUSION: Advancement in pediatric anaesthesia, availability of pediatric surgical expertise, improvement in pre-operative and post-operative management and nursing care has made single stage transanal pull-through in neonates a feasible option. The early results are comparable to single stage or multistage surgery in older @entity0 .

title: Single Stage Transanal Pull-Through for XXXX in Neonates: Our Early Experience.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine clinical practice patterns in the management of pregnant @entity0 admitted with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in Korea. METHODS: Data from @entity0 admitted with a diagnosis of @entity6 were collected from 22 hospitals. @entity6 was defined as regular uterine contractions with or without other symptoms such as pelvic pressure, backache, increased vaginal discharge, menstrual-like cramps, @entity3 /show and cervical changes. Data on general @entity0 information, clinical characteristics at admission, use of tocolytics, antibiotics, and @entity1 , and pregnancy outcomes were collected using an online data collections system. RESULTS: A total of 947 @entity0 with @entity6 were enrolled. First-line tocolysis was administered to 822 (86.8%) @entity0 . As a first-line tocolysis, beta-agonists were used most frequently (510/822, 62.0%), followed by @entity5 (183/822, 22.3%), @entity2 channel blockers (91/822, 11.1%), and atosiban (38/822, 4.6%). Of the 822 @entity0 with first-line tocolysis, second-line tocolysis were required in 364 (44.3%). Of 364 with second-line, 199 had third-line tocolysis (37.4%). Antibiotics were administered to 29.9% of @entity0 (284/947) with single (215, 22.7%), dual (26, 2.7%), and triple combinations (43, 4.5%). Corticosteroids were administered to 420 (44.4%) @entity0 . @entity7 was administered to 298 @entity0 (71.0%), and @entity4 was administered to 122 @entity0 (29.0%). CONCLUSION: Practice patterns in the management of @entity6 in Korea were quite various. It is needed to develop standardized practice guidelines for @entity6 management.

title: Practice patterns in the management of XXXX in Korea: A multicenter retrospective study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 is the most common @entity3 affecting @entity1 worldwide. While a small fraction of @entity0 have a hereditary component, environmental and behavioral factors also impact the development of @entity3 . @entity5 ) is a member of the Herpesviridae family that is widespread in the general population and has been linked to several forms of @entity3 . While HCMV DNA has been found in some @entity0 tissue specimens, we wanted to investigate whether a secreted viral cytokine might have an effect on cancerous or even pre-cancerous cells. HCMV encodes an ortholog of the @entity1 cellular cytokine @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The HCMV UL111A gene product is cmvIL-10, which has 27% sequence identity to @entity4 and binds the cellular @entity6 ( @entity6 ) to induce downstream cell signaling. We found that MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 cells express @entity6 and that exposure to cmvIL-10 results in enhanced proliferation and increased chemotaxis of MCF-7 cells. PCR arrays revealed that treatment with cmvIL-10 alters expression of cell adhesion molecules and increases MMP gene expression. In particular, @entity7 gene expression was found to be significantly up-regulated and this correlated with an increase in cell-associated @entity7 protein produced by MCF-7 cells exposed to cmvIL-10. These results suggest that the presence of cmvIL-10 in the @entity3 microenvironment could contribute to the development of more @entity2 .

title: @entity5 @entity4 promotes proliferation and XXXX cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 is the most common @entity3 affecting @entity1 worldwide. While a small fraction of @entity0 have a hereditary component, environmental and behavioral factors also impact the development of @entity3 . @entity5 ) is a member of the Herpesviridae family that is widespread in the general population and has been linked to several forms of @entity3 . While HCMV DNA has been found in some @entity0 tissue specimens, we wanted to investigate whether a secreted viral cytokine might have an effect on cancerous or even pre-cancerous cells. HCMV encodes an ortholog of the @entity1 cellular cytokine @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The HCMV UL111A gene product is cmvIL-10, which has 27% sequence identity to @entity4 and binds the cellular @entity6 ( @entity6 ) to induce downstream cell signaling. We found that MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 cells express @entity6 and that exposure to cmvIL-10 results in enhanced proliferation and increased chemotaxis of MCF-7 cells. PCR arrays revealed that treatment with cmvIL-10 alters expression of cell adhesion molecules and increases MMP gene expression. In particular, @entity7 gene expression was found to be significantly up-regulated and this correlated with an increase in cell-associated @entity7 protein produced by MCF-7 cells exposed to cmvIL-10. These results suggest that the presence of cmvIL-10 in the @entity3 microenvironment could contribute to the development of more @entity2 .

title: @entity5 XXXX promotes proliferation and @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 is the most common @entity3 affecting @entity1 worldwide. While a small fraction of @entity0 have a hereditary component, environmental and behavioral factors also impact the development of @entity3 . @entity5 ) is a member of the Herpesviridae family that is widespread in the general population and has been linked to several forms of @entity3 . While HCMV DNA has been found in some @entity0 tissue specimens, we wanted to investigate whether a secreted viral cytokine might have an effect on cancerous or even pre-cancerous cells. HCMV encodes an ortholog of the @entity1 cellular cytokine @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The HCMV UL111A gene product is cmvIL-10, which has 27% sequence identity to @entity4 and binds the cellular @entity6 ( @entity6 ) to induce downstream cell signaling. We found that MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 cells express @entity6 and that exposure to cmvIL-10 results in enhanced proliferation and increased chemotaxis of MCF-7 cells. PCR arrays revealed that treatment with cmvIL-10 alters expression of cell adhesion molecules and increases MMP gene expression. In particular, @entity7 gene expression was found to be significantly up-regulated and this correlated with an increase in cell-associated @entity7 protein produced by MCF-7 cells exposed to cmvIL-10. These results suggest that the presence of cmvIL-10 in the @entity3 microenvironment could contribute to the development of more @entity2 .

title: XXXX @entity4 promotes proliferation and @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Exercise and nutrition are often used in combination to lose body fat and reduce weight. In this respect, exercise programs are as important as correct nutrition. Several issues are still controversial in this field, and among them there are contrasting reports on whether training in a fasting condition can enhance weight loss by stimulating lipolytic activity. The authors' purpose was to verify differences in fat metabolism during training in fasting or feeding conditions. They compared the effect on @entity1 consumption (VO2) and substrate utilization, estimated by the @entity2 ( @entity2 ), in 8 healthy young @entity0 who performed the same moderate-intensity training session (36 min of cardiovascular training on treadmill at 65% maximum heart rate) in the morning in 2 tests in random sequence: FST test (fasting condition) without any food intake or FED test (feeding condition) after breakfast. In both cases, the same total amount and quality of food was assumed in the 24 hr after the training session. The breakfast, per se, increased both VO2 and @entity2 significantly (4.21 vs. 3.74 and 0.96 vs. 0.84, respectively). Twelve hours after the training session, VO2 was still higher in the FED test, whereas @entity2 was significantly lower in the FED test, indicating greater lipid utilization. The difference was still significant 24 hr after exercise. The authors conclude that when moderate endurance exercise is done to lose body fat, fasting before exercise does not enhance lipid utilization; rather, physical activity after a light meal is advisable.

title: Exercising fasting or fed to enhance fat loss? Influence of food intake on respiratory ratio and excess postexercise XXXX consumption after a bout of endurance training.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: We intended to determine ethnic differences in the characteristics, management and outcome of acute @entity4 between the Israeli Arab and Jewish populations. METHODS: A national survey was conducted in 2004 at all 28 hospitals in Israel. Information on demographics, transportation, risk factors, clinical presentation, @entity3 severity, type and subtype, management and clinical outcome was obtained. Mortality during the 36 months after hospitalization was assessed by matching with national mortality data. RESULTS: Of the 1,540 @entity0 , 169 (11%) were Arabs and 1,371 (89%) were Jews. The mean age of Arab @entity0 was 9 years younger than in Jewish @entity0 (63    11 vs. 72    12 years). Also, Arabs were more likely to be @entity2 (OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.19-2.50) and have @entity1 (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.01-1.96), while Jews were more likely to have @entity5 (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.11-2.17). A greater percentage of the Arab @entity0 arrived at the hospital independently (OR = 3.85; 95% CI: 2.56-5.56) and were less likely to arrive within 3 h of symptom onset (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.39-3.85). Arabs suffered increased rates of @entity3 (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.14-2.43) and were discharged home more often (OR = 2.40; 95% CI: 1.35-4.25). No differences in severity of @entity3 , management, complications, disability or mortality were found between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The unique characteristics of the Arab and Jewish populations should be considered when @entity3 -care services and culturally oriented public education programs.

title: Ethnic variations in acute @entity4 : findings from the National XXXX (NASIS).

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: We intended to determine ethnic differences in the characteristics, management and outcome of acute @entity4 between the Israeli Arab and Jewish populations. METHODS: A national survey was conducted in 2004 at all 28 hospitals in Israel. Information on demographics, transportation, risk factors, clinical presentation, @entity3 severity, type and subtype, management and clinical outcome was obtained. Mortality during the 36 months after hospitalization was assessed by matching with national mortality data. RESULTS: Of the 1,540 @entity0 , 169 (11%) were Arabs and 1,371 (89%) were Jews. The mean age of Arab @entity0 was 9 years younger than in Jewish @entity0 (63    11 vs. 72    12 years). Also, Arabs were more likely to be @entity2 (OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.19-2.50) and have @entity1 (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.01-1.96), while Jews were more likely to have @entity5 (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.11-2.17). A greater percentage of the Arab @entity0 arrived at the hospital independently (OR = 3.85; 95% CI: 2.56-5.56) and were less likely to arrive within 3 h of symptom onset (OR = 2.33; 95% CI: 1.39-3.85). Arabs suffered increased rates of @entity3 (OR = 1.67; 95% CI: 1.14-2.43) and were discharged home more often (OR = 2.40; 95% CI: 1.35-4.25). No differences in severity of @entity3 , management, complications, disability or mortality were found between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: The unique characteristics of the Arab and Jewish populations should be considered when @entity3 -care services and culturally oriented public education programs.

title: Ethnic variations in acute XXXX : findings from the National @entity3 (NASIS).

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: The objective of our study was to determine the usefulness of the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H- @entity5 ) of @entity3 for the assessment of response to locoregional treatment. METHODS: Forty-four @entity0 (29 @entity0 ; mean age, 58 years) with @entity3 were treated locally. Magnetic resonance imaging examinations obtained before and at 1 and 6 months after transarterial chemoembolization were analyzed retrospectively. Imaging criteria included change in @entity1 size, percentage of enhancement in the arterial and portal venous phases, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging apparent diffusion coefficients, and @entity4 concentration by quantitative H- @entity5 . Response to treatment was grouped according to RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity1 ) and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria based on magnetic resonance imaging at 6 months after treatment. Statistical analysis used paired t test, Fisher exact test, and univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Before treatment, the median @entity1 diameter was 6 cm; at 6 months after treatment, median @entity1 diameter was 5.1 cm. According to RECIST and EASL, 66% of the @entity0 achieved partial response, 31% had stable disease, and 3% of the @entity0 showed @entity2 . One month after transarterial chemoembolization, apparent diffusion coefficient increased (P < 0.14), and mean @entity4 concentration of the @entity1 decreased (P < 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Diffusion-weighted imaging and hepatic @entity4 levels by H- @entity5 could predict response to locoregional therapy.

title: Early response of XXXX to locoregional therapy-value of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Quantification methods for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on Magnetic Resonance Imaging are heterogeneous, deterring their application. This study compared three @entity1 rating scales, varying in complexity, and a volumetric method, to evaluate trade-offs between complexity and clinical utility in differentiating @entity5 subgroups and in correlating with cognition. METHODS: @entity1 were rated using the Fazekas, Age-Related White Matter Changes (ARWMC) and Scheltens scales, and segmented by computational volumetry in 108 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), 23 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 34 normal controls (NC). Global and hippocampal @entity3 , age and education, were accounted for in correlations of @entity1 with cognitive domains. RESULTS: Intra- and inter-rater reliability were high (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.88-0.97) across rating scales. @entity1 scores of all scales were highly correlated with volumes (Spearman r = 0.78-0.90, Ps < 0.001), as well as with each other (Spearman r = 0.86-0.91, Ps < 0.001). The Fazekas scale showed significant separation between @entity4 , @entity2 and NC using non-parametric analysis, while the ARWMC and Scheltens' scales, and @entity1 volumes demonstrated significant correlations (standardized b = -0.19 to -0.24, Ps < 0.05) with cognitive domain scores using multivariate regression analysis, controlling for age, education, global and hippocampal @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the degree of complexity of @entity1 rating scales did not affect validation against @entity1 volumes, but did vary in validation against cognition. The simplest scale performed best in separating cognitive subgroups, but the more complex scales and quantification correlated better with cognitive measures, especially executive function. Hence the best choice of scale depends on the particular application.

title: Complexity of MRI white matter hyperintensity assessments in relation to cognition in aging and XXXX from the Sunnybrook @entity5 Study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: Quantification methods for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on Magnetic Resonance Imaging are heterogeneous, deterring their application. This study compared three @entity1 rating scales, varying in complexity, and a volumetric method, to evaluate trade-offs between complexity and clinical utility in differentiating @entity5 subgroups and in correlating with cognition. METHODS: @entity1 were rated using the Fazekas, Age-Related White Matter Changes (ARWMC) and Scheltens scales, and segmented by computational volumetry in 108 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), 23 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 34 normal controls (NC). Global and hippocampal @entity3 , age and education, were accounted for in correlations of @entity1 with cognitive domains. RESULTS: Intra- and inter-rater reliability were high (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.88-0.97) across rating scales. @entity1 scores of all scales were highly correlated with volumes (Spearman r = 0.78-0.90, Ps < 0.001), as well as with each other (Spearman r = 0.86-0.91, Ps < 0.001). The Fazekas scale showed significant separation between @entity4 , @entity2 and NC using non-parametric analysis, while the ARWMC and Scheltens' scales, and @entity1 volumes demonstrated significant correlations (standardized b = -0.19 to -0.24, Ps < 0.05) with cognitive domain scores using multivariate regression analysis, controlling for age, education, global and hippocampal @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that the degree of complexity of @entity1 rating scales did not affect validation against @entity1 volumes, but did vary in validation against cognition. The simplest scale performed best in separating cognitive subgroups, but the more complex scales and quantification correlated better with cognitive measures, especially executive function. Hence the best choice of scale depends on the particular application.

title: Complexity of MRI white matter hyperintensity assessments in relation to cognition in aging and @entity5 from the Sunnybrook XXXX Study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The circulatory persistence, distribution, and metabolism of hemoglobin-based @entity1 carriers (HBOCs) is a major determinant of their safety and efficacy. In this communication, published data on the pharmacokinetics and routes of plasma elimination of HBOCs are summarized and evaluated. The circulating half-life of HBOCs is dose-dependent in both animals and @entity0 . Half-life also increases with molecular weight in animals, at least up to the MDa range. The functional half-life of HBOCs is diminished by as much as 40% due to oxidation of the @entity2 group relative to the overall rate of removal of hemoglobin (Hb) from plasma. Kidney excretion of HBOCs is greatly diminished compared to that of unmodified Hb, but the liver remains a primary site of catabolism. Both hepatocytes and Kupffer cells have been implicated in receptor-mediated HBOC uptake. Removal also occurs in the spleen and/or bone marrow and probably at dispersed sites in the endothelium as well. HBOCs extravasate into the lymph at a rate inversely proportional to their molecular weight and are taken up by monocyte/macrophage @entity4 receptors, both as free Hb and in complexes with @entity3 (Hp). The interactions with both Hp and the @entity4 receptor are altered by Hb modification. However, monocyte/macrophage uptake may not be a quantitatively important route for the removal of clinically relevant doses of HBOCs. The relative contributions of different removal pathways have yet to be comprehensively determined, particularly in @entity0 .

title: Pharmacokinetics and mechanisms of plasma removal of hemoglobin-based XXXX carriers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: A drug-induced apoptosis assay has been developed to determine which chemotherapy drugs or regimens can produce higher cell killing in vitro. This study was done to determine if this assay could be performed in @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic @entity0 @entity1 , to characterize the patterns of drug-induced apoptosis, and to evaluate the clinical utility of the assay. A secondary goal was to correlate assay use with clinical outcomes. METHODS: In a prospective, non-blinded, multi institutional controlled trial, 30 evaluable @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic @entity0 who were treated with chemotherapy had @entity2 samples submitted for the MiCK drug-induced apoptosis assay. After receiving results within 72 hours after biopsy, physicians could use the test to determine therapy (users), or elect to not use the test (non-users). RESULTS: The assay was able to characterize drug-induced apoptosis in @entity2 specimens from @entity0 @entity1 and identified which drugs or combinations gave highest levels of apoptosis. Patterns of drug activity were also analyzed in triple negative @entity0 . Different drugs from a single class of agents often produced significantly different amounts of apoptosis. Physician frequently (73%) used the assay to help select chemotherapy treatments in @entity1 , @entity1 whose physicians were users had a higher response (CR+PR) rate compared to non-users (38.1% vs 0%, p = 0.04) and a higher disease control (CR+PR+Stable) rate (81% vs 25%, p<0.01). Time to relapse was longer in users 7.4 mo compared to non-users 2.2 mo (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The MiCK assay can be performed in @entity0 specimens, and results are often used by physicians in @entity0 @entity1 with recurrent or metastatic disease. These results from a good laboratory phase II study can be the basis for a future larger prospective multicenter study to more definitively establish the value of the assay. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00901264.

title: Application of a drug-induced apoptosis assay to identify treatment strategies in recurrent or metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 screening is being introduced in many countries, but standard Western screening approaches may not be appropriate for Asian societies if differences in @entity4 epidemiology exist. Comparative analysis of @entity2 patterns in South Korean and Western subjects has implications for appropriate screening approaches in non-Western societies. METHODS: The results of concurrent screening colonoscopies performed in average-risk @entity0 50 to 69 years old in 2 teaching hospitals, Kyung Hee University Hospital (Seoul, South Korea) and Virginia Mason Medical Center (Seattle, @entity5 ), were compared with respect to prevalence, histologic features, anatomic distribution, and shape characteristics of @entity2 . RESULTS: The U.S. (n  = 3460) and South Korean (n  = 2193) cohorts were similar with regard to the prevalence of @entity3 (28.5% vs 29.8%, respectively, P  = .312) and advanced @entity1 (6.4% vs 5.4%, respectively, P  =  .102), but the proportion of proximal @entity3 was greater in the U.S. cohort (62.8% vs 45.9%, P  <  .001). The prevalence of @entity3 and advanced @entity1 was similar in male @entity0 , but there was a greater prevalence of @entity1 (23.5% vs 18.8%, P  = .006) and advanced @entity1 (5.1% vs 2.7%, P  < .001) in U.S. @entity0 than South Korean @entity0 . When large (>= 10  mm) @entity3 were considered, proximal location and nonpolypoid (flat) shape were more common in the U.S. cohort (79.4% vs 37.1%, P  = .003 and 43.5% vs 12.3%, P  < .001, respectively). The overall prevalence of large flat @entity3 in the U.S. cohort was 5 times that of the South Korean cohort (2.6% vs 0.5%, P  < .001). Adjustment for sex ratio discrepancies (48.3% @entity0 in the U.S. cohort vs 60.8% in the South Korean cohort, P  < .001) did not result in any significant changes in the conclusions. CONCLUSION: Compared with Westerners, South Koreans have a more distal distribution of @entity3 and advanced @entity1 and lower prevalence of large flat @entity3 . South Korean @entity0 have a lower prevalence of @entity2 than Western @entity0 . Such disparities suggest that Western screening strategies cannot be  directly adopted by other countries, but need to be customized by society.

title: Disparities in prevalence, location, and shape characteristics of XXXX between South Korean and U.S. @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 screening is being introduced in many countries, but standard Western screening approaches may not be appropriate for Asian societies if differences in @entity4 epidemiology exist. Comparative analysis of @entity2 patterns in South Korean and Western subjects has implications for appropriate screening approaches in non-Western societies. METHODS: The results of concurrent screening colonoscopies performed in average-risk @entity0 50 to 69 years old in 2 teaching hospitals, Kyung Hee University Hospital (Seoul, South Korea) and Virginia Mason Medical Center (Seattle, @entity5 ), were compared with respect to prevalence, histologic features, anatomic distribution, and shape characteristics of @entity2 . RESULTS: The U.S. (n  = 3460) and South Korean (n  = 2193) cohorts were similar with regard to the prevalence of @entity3 (28.5% vs 29.8%, respectively, P  = .312) and advanced @entity1 (6.4% vs 5.4%, respectively, P  =  .102), but the proportion of proximal @entity3 was greater in the U.S. cohort (62.8% vs 45.9%, P  <  .001). The prevalence of @entity3 and advanced @entity1 was similar in male @entity0 , but there was a greater prevalence of @entity1 (23.5% vs 18.8%, P  = .006) and advanced @entity1 (5.1% vs 2.7%, P  < .001) in U.S. @entity0 than South Korean @entity0 . When large (>= 10  mm) @entity3 were considered, proximal location and nonpolypoid (flat) shape were more common in the U.S. cohort (79.4% vs 37.1%, P  = .003 and 43.5% vs 12.3%, P  < .001, respectively). The overall prevalence of large flat @entity3 in the U.S. cohort was 5 times that of the South Korean cohort (2.6% vs 0.5%, P  < .001). Adjustment for sex ratio discrepancies (48.3% @entity0 in the U.S. cohort vs 60.8% in the South Korean cohort, P  < .001) did not result in any significant changes in the conclusions. CONCLUSION: Compared with Westerners, South Koreans have a more distal distribution of @entity3 and advanced @entity1 and lower prevalence of large flat @entity3 . South Korean @entity0 have a lower prevalence of @entity2 than Western @entity0 . Such disparities suggest that Western screening strategies cannot be  directly adopted by other countries, but need to be customized by society.

title: Disparities in prevalence, location, and shape characteristics of @entity2 between South Korean and U.S. XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A @entity2 is defined as a pathological connection between the intestine and an inner (bladder or other intestine) or outer (vagina or skin) epithelial surface. @entity2 are discovered in up to 25% of all @entity1 @entity0 during long-term follow-up examinations. Most are perianal @entity2 , and these may be classified as simple or complex. The initial investigation of perianal @entity2 includes imaging (MRI of the pelvis and rectum), examination under anaesthesia (EUA) with digital imaging, endoscopy, probing and anal ultrasound. Non-perianal @entity2 require contrast imaging and/or CT/MRI for complete anatomical definition. Any @entity4 should be drained, and the disease extent throughout the entire gastrointestinal tract should be evaluated. Treatment goals for perianal @entity2 include reduced @entity2 secretion or none, evaluated by clinical examination; the absence of abscesses; and @entity0 satisfaction. MR imaging is required to demonstrate definitive @entity2 closure. Fistulotomy is considered for simple perianal @entity2 . In complex perianal @entity2 , antibiotics and @entity3 or @entity5 , which are often combined with a loose seton, constitute the first-line medical therapy. In cases with persistent secretion, infliximab at 5 mg/kg is given at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and subsequently every 8 weeks. Adalimumab may improve @entity2 response in both infliximab-na  ve @entity0 and following infliximab treatment failure. Local therapy with fibrin glue or @entity2 plugs is rarely effective. Definitive surgical closure of perianal @entity2 using an advancement flap may be attempted, but this procedure is associated with a high risk of relapse. Colostomy and proctectomy are the ultimate surgical treatment options for @entity2 . Intestinal resection is almost always needed for the closure of symptomatic non-perianal @entity2 .

title: Diagnosis and treatment of fistulising XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a @entity3 characterized by the presence of clefts in the feet accompanied by @entity4 and @entity2 of the phalanges and metatarsals. It is a rare @entity1 with an incidence of 1:90,000-100,000 live births and it is not linked to sex. Its genetic pattern is autosomal dominant with a variable genetic penetrance. Clinical diagnosis is made at birth, however it can be prenatal through ultrasound during the first trimester. Management of ectrodactyly includes both surgical and non-surgical treatment. METHODS: We reviewed the archive of medical histories from January 2005 to January 2010, we included all @entity0 with an ectrodactyly diagnosis. We found two @entity0 who were treated surgically and were followed-up for three years. RESULTS: The long term evolution was favorable, allowing the @entity0 to wear shoes and walk. There were no recurrences or complications observed. The final results were good according to the Tani et al scale. DISCUSSION: According to our medium and long term results in the management of these two cases of ectrodactyly, we recommend the combination of conservative orthopedic treatment as preparation for surgery and the final resolution with closure of the cleft. The surgical treatment performed and appropriate postoperative management allowed the @entity0 to wear shoes, to improve function and appearance in both cases.

title: [ XXXX of the foot].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Management of asymptomatic unruptured @entity2 remains controversial, and recent prospective follow-up studies showed that the @entity1 rate of small @entity3 is very low. These results are inconsistent with the finding that the majority of @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity4 are small. METHODS: A Markov model was constructed to simulate the natural history of @entity2 . All epidemiological and statistical data obtained from the Portal Site of Official Statistics of Japan (e-Stat) were adjusted to the standardized age distribution. From the selected data of @entity3 formation, the prevalence of unruptured @entity3 was estimated as 1.45% and the incidence of @entity4 calculated to be 19.7/100 000/year in the whole standardized population. RESULTS: The function for @entity1 rate constant with time was first analyzed. Selected values for annual @entity1 rates of 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, and 1.0% showed inconsistencies in the relationship between the prevalence of unruptured @entity3 and the incidence of @entity4 . Next, the function for a short period of high risk followed by a long period of low risk was considered. @entity1 rates of 0.5%, 0.7%, and 1.0% indicated epidemiological compatibility with additional @entity1 rates of 20%, 15%, and 10%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that some @entity3 shortly after formation and thus are rarely detected as unruptured @entity3 . Most @entity3 without @entity1 remain stable for the remainder of life through some healing process, and prophylactic treatment for incidentally identified small unruptured @entity3 has no rationale.

title: Risk profile of @entity2 : XXXX rate is not constant after formation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Management of asymptomatic unruptured @entity2 remains controversial, and recent prospective follow-up studies showed that the @entity1 rate of small @entity3 is very low. These results are inconsistent with the finding that the majority of @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity4 are small. METHODS: A Markov model was constructed to simulate the natural history of @entity2 . All epidemiological and statistical data obtained from the Portal Site of Official Statistics of Japan (e-Stat) were adjusted to the standardized age distribution. From the selected data of @entity3 formation, the prevalence of unruptured @entity3 was estimated as 1.45% and the incidence of @entity4 calculated to be 19.7/100 000/year in the whole standardized population. RESULTS: The function for @entity1 rate constant with time was first analyzed. Selected values for annual @entity1 rates of 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, and 1.0% showed inconsistencies in the relationship between the prevalence of unruptured @entity3 and the incidence of @entity4 . Next, the function for a short period of high risk followed by a long period of low risk was considered. @entity1 rates of 0.5%, 0.7%, and 1.0% indicated epidemiological compatibility with additional @entity1 rates of 20%, 15%, and 10%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that some @entity3 shortly after formation and thus are rarely detected as unruptured @entity3 . Most @entity3 without @entity1 remain stable for the remainder of life through some healing process, and prophylactic treatment for incidentally identified small unruptured @entity3 has no rationale.

title: Risk profile of XXXX : @entity1 rate is not constant after formation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Hoffa @entity1 fixed by only using a single plate or lag screws might be not strong enough to achieve direct stability. The goal of this study is to determine the functional outcome of the surgical treatment and rehabilitation of medial Hoffa @entity1 by a locking plate combined with cannulated or lag screws. METHODS: A total of 13 @entity0 suffering isolated medical @entity1 were identified during the study period (2005.February-2013.February) and retrospectively analyzed. All the @entity1 were treated by open reduction via the medial approach, and internal fixation by a locking plate combined with cannulated or lag screws. Early active rehabilitation including tele-rehabilitation for rural @entity0 with restricted weight bearing was instituted after the surgical treatment. The radiological and functional outcome analysis was performed by using Knee Society Score (KSS), the range of movement (ROM), and the stability of fixation of the @entity0 during 24 month follow-up. RESULTS: The bone union of medial @entity1 was achieved in all @entity0 . The articular surface of medial femoral condyle was anatomically reduced. There was no loss of reduction and fixation. All @entity0 achieved satisfactory knee joint function and regained their walking ability with good clinical results through early postsurgical rehabilitation. Ten @entity0 (77%) had 0  -130   range of motion with full extension; two @entity0 (15%) had 0  -115   range of motion; one @entity0 (8%) had 0  -110   range of motion. The KSS of all the @entity0 were more than 80, and the scores of seven @entity0 (54%) were more than 85. CONCLUSION: Fixation with a locking plate and cannulated or lag screws for medial Hoffa @entity1 seemed to be effective and reliable for achieving anatomical reduction, and gave satisfactory functional results when coupled with aggressive rehabilitation.

title: Surgical treatment and rehabilitation of medial Hoffa XXXX fixed by locking plate and additional screws: A retrospective cohort study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fetal biometry by ultrasound provides reliable and important information about fetal growth and wellbeing. Evaluation of the fetal posterior fossa is useful in the assessment of neural tube-defects. Studies on normal ultrasound fetal cerebellar appearance and diameter across gestational age (GA) are scanty in the Nigerian medical literature. This study was carried out to study normal fetal cerebellar appearance and diameter at various GAs among healthy pregnant Nigerian Africans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a prospective study of 450 healthy singleton pregnant @entity0 between 13 and 42 weeks gestation. A curvilinear probe with a 3.5 MHz transducer of a SonoAce X6 (Medison Inc., Korea 2010) scanner was used to assess fetal @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and appearance. GA was also determined using fetal biometric parameters such as the biparietal diameter, femur length, and abdominal circumference. Fetal cerebellar appearance was correlated against GA. RESULTS: The cerebellar appearance was graded into: Grade I: 164 fetuses (36.4%), Grade II; 102 fetuses (22.7%) and Grade III: 184 fetuses (40.9%). Mean GA and @entity2 was 21 weeks and 21.2 mm for Grade I; 28 weeks and 32.6 mm for Grade II; and 35 weeks and 47.1 mm for Grade III. There was significance difference among the cerebellar grades at the GA groups and transverse cerebellar diameter (P < 0.000). CONCLUSION: There is a gradual and steady change in ultrasonographic appearance of the fetal cerebellar and diameter appearance with advancing gestation. The changes ranged from anechoic, " @entity1 " appearance at second trimester to relatively echogenic, "dumb-bell" appearance at early third trimester, and solid, "fan-shape" in late third trimester.

title: Relationship between ultrasound estimated fetal gestational age and cerebellar appearance in healthy pregnant Nigerian XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a benign disease caused by hair follicles in sacrococcygeal -region. Despite the use of different methods in treatment, there is no consensus reached for treatment modalities. In this study, we used a whole natal cleft excision and @entity4 (WNCEF) method to remove the natal cleft in cases of extensive sacrococcygeal @entity6 . METHODS: 243 @entity0 with @entity6 were evaluated retrospectively. 47 @entity0 with extensive sacrococcygeal @entity6 were included in the study. In these @entity0 , the natal cleft was excised by using a whole natal cleft excision and @entity4 -(WNCEF) method which was performed by an incision to include all the natal cleft (Kite incision) and the remaining defect was closed with a single fasciocutaneous @entity4 by sliding along the midline intergluteal sulcus. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity0 was 25.7 years (17-43). The average hospital stay of @entity0 was 2.7 days (2-4), mean operative time was 59 min (35-80), mean duration of drain removal was 2.7 days (2-4), mean postoperative follow-up was 16.4 months (3-24) and mean BMI was 26.9 (22-30). @entity4 @entity1 occured in one @entity0 (2.1%), @entity5 in three @entity0 (6.3%) and @entity3 requiring re-use of antibiotics were observed in two @entity0 (4.2%). @entity4 - @entity2 and failure did not occur in our @entity0 . No recurrence was observed in any @entity0 during an average follow-up of 16 months. CONCLUSIONS: In sacrococcygeal @entity6 treatment, removal of the natal cleft with Kite incision by WNCEF method and shifting of the midline completely are thought to be an effective method that can reduce recurrence.

title: Whole natal cleft excision and @entity4 : an alternative surgical method in extensive sacrococcygeal XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a benign disease caused by hair follicles in sacrococcygeal -region. Despite the use of different methods in treatment, there is no consensus reached for treatment modalities. In this study, we used a whole natal cleft excision and @entity4 (WNCEF) method to remove the natal cleft in cases of extensive sacrococcygeal @entity6 . METHODS: 243 @entity0 with @entity6 were evaluated retrospectively. 47 @entity0 with extensive sacrococcygeal @entity6 were included in the study. In these @entity0 , the natal cleft was excised by using a whole natal cleft excision and @entity4 -(WNCEF) method which was performed by an incision to include all the natal cleft (Kite incision) and the remaining defect was closed with a single fasciocutaneous @entity4 by sliding along the midline intergluteal sulcus. RESULTS: The mean age of @entity0 was 25.7 years (17-43). The average hospital stay of @entity0 was 2.7 days (2-4), mean operative time was 59 min (35-80), mean duration of drain removal was 2.7 days (2-4), mean postoperative follow-up was 16.4 months (3-24) and mean BMI was 26.9 (22-30). @entity4 @entity1 occured in one @entity0 (2.1%), @entity5 in three @entity0 (6.3%) and @entity3 requiring re-use of antibiotics were observed in two @entity0 (4.2%). @entity4 - @entity2 and failure did not occur in our @entity0 . No recurrence was observed in any @entity0 during an average follow-up of 16 months. CONCLUSIONS: In sacrococcygeal @entity6 treatment, removal of the natal cleft with Kite incision by WNCEF method and shifting of the midline completely are thought to be an effective method that can reduce recurrence.

title: Whole natal cleft excision and XXXX : an alternative surgical method in extensive sacrococcygeal @entity6 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the performance of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement obtained with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) to distinguish @entity4 ( @entity4 ) from small benign solid @entity3 ( <= 4 cm). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 49 consecutive @entity0 with histopathologically confirmed small solid @entity3 , and seven healthy volunteers were imaged using nonenhanced MRI and DW-MRI. The ADC map was calculated using the b values of 0, 50, 400, and 600 s/mm 2 and values compared via the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The utility of ADC for differentiating @entity4 and benign lesions was assessed using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Multiple nonenhanced MRI features were analyzed by Logistic regression. RESULTS: The @entity1 consisted of 33 cases of clear-cell @entity4 (ccRCCs) and 16 cases of @entity1 , including 14 cases of minimal @entity2 and 2 cases of @entity5 . The ADCs showed significant differences among @entity1 ([0.90    0.52] * 10-3 mm 2 /s), ccRCCs ([1.53    0.31] * 10-3 mm 2 /s) and the normal renal parenchyma ([2.22    0.12] * 10-3 mm 2 /s) (P < 0.001). Moreover, there was statistically significant difference between high and low-grade ccRCCs (P = 0.004). Using a cut-off ADC of 1.36 * 10-3 mm 2 /s, DW-MRI resulted in an area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity equal to 0.839, 75.8%, and 87.5%, respectively. Nonenhanced MRI alone and the combination of imaging methods led to an AUC, sensitivity and specificity equal to 0.919, 93.9%, and 81.2%, 0.998, 97%, and 100%, respectively. The Logistic regression showed that the location of the center of the @entity1 (inside the contour of the kidney) and appearance of stiff blood vessel were significantly helpful for diagnosing ccRCCs. CONCLUSIONS: DW-MRI has potential in distinguishing ccRCCs from benign lesions in @entity0 small solid @entity3 ( <= 4 cm), and in increasing the accuracy for diagnosing ccRCCs when combined with nonenhanced MRI.

title: Diagnostic Utility of Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Differentiating Small Solid XXXX ( <= 4 cm) at 3.0T Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is controversy over whether aerobic or resistance exercise is more effective for improving endothelial function in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). This study was aimed to investigate the effects of an aerobic and resistance training program on endothelial function, and the influences of glycemic control, body weight changes, and aerobic capacity in @entity1 . METHODS: Total 40 overweight @entity0 with @entity1 were assigned into 3 groups: an aerobic exercise group (AEG, n=13), resistance exercise group (REG, n=12), and control group (CG, n=15), and followed either brisk walking for the AEG or resistance band training for the REG, 60 minutes per day, 5 days per week for 12 weeks with monitoring daily activity using accelerometers. We assessed endothelial function by @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and aerobic capacity by @entity2 uptake at anaerobic threshold (AT_VO(2)) at baseline and following training program. RESULTS: The mean @entity0 ' age was 57.0  6.8 years, and body mass index (BMI) was 27.0  2.3 kg/m(2). After intervention, @entity3 increased by 2.2  1.9% in AEG, which differed from REG and CG (P=0.002), despite of decreased body weight (BW) in both AG and RG (2.8  2.5%, P=0.002; 1.6  2.0%, P=0.017, respectively). A significant increased AT_VO(2) and decreased HbA1c were found only in AEG. In all @entity0 , @entity3 was changed with the significant relations to the AT_VO(2) (r=0.348, P=0.035), but not to HbA1c levels or BW. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise appears to be more beneficial than resistance exercise for improving endothelial function in @entity1 . In addition, aerobic capacity could be a better predictor of changes in @entity3 than BW and glycemic control.

title: Effects of Aerobic Exercise vs. Resistance Training on Endothelial Function in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is controversy over whether aerobic or resistance exercise is more effective for improving endothelial function in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). This study was aimed to investigate the effects of an aerobic and resistance training program on endothelial function, and the influences of glycemic control, body weight changes, and aerobic capacity in @entity1 . METHODS: Total 40 overweight @entity0 with @entity1 were assigned into 3 groups: an aerobic exercise group (AEG, n=13), resistance exercise group (REG, n=12), and control group (CG, n=15), and followed either brisk walking for the AEG or resistance band training for the REG, 60 minutes per day, 5 days per week for 12 weeks with monitoring daily activity using accelerometers. We assessed endothelial function by @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and aerobic capacity by @entity2 uptake at anaerobic threshold (AT_VO(2)) at baseline and following training program. RESULTS: The mean @entity0 ' age was 57.0  6.8 years, and body mass index (BMI) was 27.0  2.3 kg/m(2). After intervention, @entity3 increased by 2.2  1.9% in AEG, which differed from REG and CG (P=0.002), despite of decreased body weight (BW) in both AG and RG (2.8  2.5%, P=0.002; 1.6  2.0%, P=0.017, respectively). A significant increased AT_VO(2) and decreased HbA1c were found only in AEG. In all @entity0 , @entity3 was changed with the significant relations to the AT_VO(2) (r=0.348, P=0.035), but not to HbA1c levels or BW. CONCLUSION: Aerobic exercise appears to be more beneficial than resistance exercise for improving endothelial function in @entity1 . In addition, aerobic capacity could be a better predictor of changes in @entity3 than BW and glycemic control.

title: Effects of Aerobic Exercise vs. Resistance Training on Endothelial Function in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 twins have a higher rate of @entity1 than singletons. Higher-order @entity3 multiple births may have an even higher rate of @entity1 . METHODS: @entity3 ( @entity3 401-1000 g) multiple births born in participating centers of the Neonatal Research Network between 1996 and 2005 were assessed for @entity1 at 18 to 22 months' corrected age. @entity1 was defined by the presence of 1 or more of the following: moderate to severe @entity2 ; mental developmental index score or psychomotor developmental index score less than 70; severe @entity5 ; or @entity4 . @entity0 who died within 12 hours of birth were excluded. Maternal and @entity0 demographic and clinical variables were compared among singleton, twin, and triplet or higher-order @entity0 . Logistic regression analysis was performed to establish the association between singletons, twins, and triplet or higher-order multiples and @entity1 , controlling for confounding variables that may affect @entity1 . RESULTS: Our cohort consisted of 8296 singleton, 2164 twin, and 521 triplet or higher-order @entity0 . The risk of @entity1 was increased in triplets or higher-order multiples when compared with singletons (adjusted odds ratio: 1.7 [95% confidence interval: 1.29-2.24]), and there was a trend toward an increased risk when compared with twins (adjusted odds ratio: 1.27 [95% confidence: 0.95-1.71]). CONCLUSIONS: Triplet or higher-order births are associated with an increased risk of @entity1 at 18 to 22 months' corrected age when compared with @entity3 singleton @entity0 , and there was a trend toward an increased risk when compared with twins.

title: Neurodevelopmental outcomes of triplets or higher-order XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 twins have a higher rate of @entity1 than singletons. Higher-order @entity3 multiple births may have an even higher rate of @entity1 . METHODS: @entity3 ( @entity3 401-1000 g) multiple births born in participating centers of the Neonatal Research Network between 1996 and 2005 were assessed for @entity1 at 18 to 22 months' corrected age. @entity1 was defined by the presence of 1 or more of the following: moderate to severe @entity2 ; mental developmental index score or psychomotor developmental index score less than 70; severe @entity5 ; or @entity4 . @entity0 who died within 12 hours of birth were excluded. Maternal and @entity0 demographic and clinical variables were compared among singleton, twin, and triplet or higher-order @entity0 . Logistic regression analysis was performed to establish the association between singletons, twins, and triplet or higher-order multiples and @entity1 , controlling for confounding variables that may affect @entity1 . RESULTS: Our cohort consisted of 8296 singleton, 2164 twin, and 521 triplet or higher-order @entity0 . The risk of @entity1 was increased in triplets or higher-order multiples when compared with singletons (adjusted odds ratio: 1.7 [95% confidence interval: 1.29-2.24]), and there was a trend toward an increased risk when compared with twins (adjusted odds ratio: 1.27 [95% confidence: 0.95-1.71]). CONCLUSIONS: Triplet or higher-order births are associated with an increased risk of @entity1 at 18 to 22 months' corrected age when compared with @entity3 singleton @entity0 , and there was a trend toward an increased risk when compared with twins.

title: Neurodevelopmental outcomes of triplets or higher-order @entity3 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: CT perfusion ( @entity1 ) is widely and rapidly accessible for imaging acute @entity3 but has limited validation. Cerebral blood volume ( @entity8 ) has been proposed as the best predictor of @entity7 core. We tested @entity8 against other common @entity1 parameters using contemporaneous diffusion MRI. METHODS: @entity0 with acute @entity3 <6 hours after onset had @entity1 and diffusion @entity4 hour apart, before any reperfusion therapies. @entity1 maps of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), absolute and relative @entity8 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ), mean transit time ( @entity2 ), and @entity6 of the deconvolved tissue residue function (Tmax) were generated. The diffusion lesion was manually outlined to its maximal visual extent. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis area under the curve (AUC) was used to quantify the correspondence of each perfusion parameter to the coregistered diffusion-weighted imaging lesion. Optimal thresholds were determined (Youden index). RESULTS: In analysis of 98 @entity1 slabs (54 @entity0 , median onset to CT 190 minutes, median CT to MR 30 minutes), relative @entity5 performed best (AUC, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.77-81), significantly better than absolute @entity8 (AUC, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.73-0.76). The optimal threshold was <31% of mean contralateral @entity5 . Specificity was reduced by low @entity5 / @entity8 in noninfarcted white matter in cases with reduced contrast bolus intensity and @entity9 . CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to previous reports, @entity5 corresponded with the acute diffusion-weighted imaging lesion better than @entity8 , although no single threshold avoids detection of false-positive regions in unaffected white matter. This relates to low signal-to-noise ratio in @entity1 maps and emphasizes the need for optimized acquisition and postprocessing.

title: Cerebral blood flow is the optimal CT perfusion parameter for assessing XXXX core.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is a frequent complication after stoma formation. The objective of this prospective study was to find long-term outcome of prophylactic mesh placement in the pre-peritoneal space in order to prevent @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 undergoing elective formation of permanent stoma were included in the study. A @entity2 mesh was placed in the pre-peritoneal space without any anchoring stitches and bowel was taken out through a central circular hole made in the mesh. These @entity0 were followed up for 5 years-by clinical examination and CT scan when needed. RESULTS: A total of 42 @entity0 were included in the study. These @entity0 were followed up for a median period of 60 months (range 32-100 months). Twelve @entity0 died before the 5-year follow up due to causes unrelated to stoma. As two @entity0 were unable to be contacted, 28 @entity0 remained in the long-term follow up. Three cases of @entity1 were detected after 5 years. None of these @entity0 required repairing of the @entity1 . However, a previous study conducted 3 years ago found 4 cases of @entity1 that was treated by resiting the stomas. Therefore the total number of @entity1 in our series is 7 (incidence 25%). CONCLUSIONS: Putting a pre-peritoneal @entity2 mesh is an easy, quick and inexpensive method, and easy to learn. The outcome is better than creating stomas without mesh, but further studies are needed to explore potential benefits of different types of mesh and their methods of positioning and anchoring.

title: Prevention of XXXX Using Pre-peritoneal Mesh - Long Term Outcome of a Prospective Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study investigated the influence of synthetic superparamagnetic @entity2 (SPIO) on dendritic cells and provides a possible method for labeling these cells. METHODS: SPIO nanoparticles were prepared, and their morphology and magnetic properties were characterized. The particles were endocytosed by dendritic cells generated from @entity0 bone marrow. Labeling efficiency and cellular uptake were analyzed by Prussian blue staining and quantitative spectrophotometric assay. Meanwhile, the surface molecules, cellular apoptosis, and functional properties of the SPIO-labeled dendritic cells were explored by flow cytometry and the mixed lymphocyte reaction assay. RESULTS: The synthetic nanoparticles possessed a spherical shape and good superparamagnetic behavior. The mean concentration of @entity1 in immature and mature dendritic cells was 31.8    0.7  g and 35.6    1.0  g per 1   10(6) cells, respectively. After 12 hours of incubation with SPIO at a concentration of 25  g/mL, nearly all cells were shown to contain @entity1 . Interestingly, cellular apoptosis and surface expression of @entity3 , @entity4 , major histocompatibility II, and chemokine receptor 7 in mature dendritic cells were not affected to any significant extent by SPIO labeling. T cell activation was maintained at a low ratio of dendritic cells to T cells. CONCLUSION: SPIO nanoparticles have good superparamagnetic behavior, highly biocompatible characteristics, and are suitable for use in further study of the migratory behavior and biodistribution of dendritic cells in vivo.

title: Influence of synthetic superparamagnetic XXXX on dendritic cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: We assessed @entity1 survivors' perceptions of the quality of their follow-up care. METHODS: We surveyed a population-based cohort of @entity3 , bladder, and @entity2 survivors diagnosed 2 to 5 years previously in northern California (N = 623; participation rate, 69.2%; overall response rate, 49.2%). Data were collected between April 2003 and November 2004. Ten scales assessed survivors' perceptions of different aspects of care in the last 12 months, and an eleventh scale measured their overall ratings of care. RESULTS: On nine of the 11 scales, mean scores ranged from 88 to 97 on a 0 to 100 response format, indicating very positive experiences. The two areas where quality perceptions were lower were discussions about health promotion and the physician's knowledge of the whole @entity0 . In adjusted analyses, those without private health insurance (P = .02) and Hispanic and Asian survivors compared with whites (P < .001) reported worse timeliness of care. Survivors who had multiple comorbidities reported better scores on timeliness of care (P < .01) and physicians' knowledge (P = .05) than survivors without any comorbidity. Length of the @entity0 -physician relationship was the variable most consistently found to be significantly associated with survivors' quality assessments. Physicians' information exchange had the strongest relationship with overall ratings of care, followed by physicians' affective behavior, their knowledge of the survivor, and survivors' perceptions of coordination of care (P < .001 for all). CONCLUSION: Delivery of quality follow-up care to @entity1 survivors may require efforts to improve @entity0 -centered communication and coordination. Special emphasis may need to be placed on health promotion discussions and adoption of a whole- @entity0 orientation.

title: Assessment of quality of @entity1 -related follow-up care from the XXXX survivor's perspective.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: We assessed @entity1 survivors' perceptions of the quality of their follow-up care. METHODS: We surveyed a population-based cohort of @entity3 , bladder, and @entity2 survivors diagnosed 2 to 5 years previously in northern California (N = 623; participation rate, 69.2%; overall response rate, 49.2%). Data were collected between April 2003 and November 2004. Ten scales assessed survivors' perceptions of different aspects of care in the last 12 months, and an eleventh scale measured their overall ratings of care. RESULTS: On nine of the 11 scales, mean scores ranged from 88 to 97 on a 0 to 100 response format, indicating very positive experiences. The two areas where quality perceptions were lower were discussions about health promotion and the physician's knowledge of the whole @entity0 . In adjusted analyses, those without private health insurance (P = .02) and Hispanic and Asian survivors compared with whites (P < .001) reported worse timeliness of care. Survivors who had multiple comorbidities reported better scores on timeliness of care (P < .01) and physicians' knowledge (P = .05) than survivors without any comorbidity. Length of the @entity0 -physician relationship was the variable most consistently found to be significantly associated with survivors' quality assessments. Physicians' information exchange had the strongest relationship with overall ratings of care, followed by physicians' affective behavior, their knowledge of the survivor, and survivors' perceptions of coordination of care (P < .001 for all). CONCLUSION: Delivery of quality follow-up care to @entity1 survivors may require efforts to improve @entity0 -centered communication and coordination. Special emphasis may need to be placed on health promotion discussions and adoption of a whole- @entity0 orientation.

title: Assessment of quality of XXXX -related follow-up care from the @entity1 survivor's perspective.

answer: @entity1