abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have demonstrated that immediate breast reconstruction following mastectomy is associated with improvements in quality of life and body image. However, immediate breast reconstruction for @entity0 remains controversial. This study evaluates its safety in @entity1 with @entity0 . METHODS: Over a 10-year period, @entity1 diagnosed with @entity0 treated with mastectomy followed by immediate breast reconstruction were identified and analyzed. Complication rates and reconstructive aesthetics were determined. RESULTS: One hundred seventy @entity1 were identified who underwent 157 unilateral and 13 bilateral reconstructions (183 flaps) predominantly by means of free transverse rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flaps (n = 162). The average age was 47 years and the average hospital stay was 5.1 days. There were 15 major complications (8.8 percent), but adjuvant postoperative therapy was delayed in only eight @entity1 (4.7 percent), with the maximum delay lasting 3 weeks in one @entity1 . Although some degree of flap shrinkage was noted in 30 percent of @entity1 treated with postoperative radiotherapy, only 10 percent of @entity1 experienced severe breast distortion. Importantly, the overall cosmetic outcome in @entity1 who underwent postoperative irradiation was comparable to that of those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: The authors have shown that immediate breast reconstruction in the setting of @entity0 is safe and well tolerated by @entity1 , and is not associated with significant delays in adjuvant therapy. These findings make a strong argument for immediate reconstruction regardless of @entity2 stage. The authors found the changes caused by radiation to the reconstructed breast to be less significant than previously reported and readily addressed to complete an ultimate reconstruction that is aesthetically acceptable to both surgeon and @entity1 . CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.(Figure is included in full-text article.).

title: Immediate free flap reconstruction for XXXX : is it safe?

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Both @entity17 ( @entity17 ) and @entity13 are characterized by massive lipid accumulation in the liver accompanied by @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity5 , and @entity7 in a substantial subgroup of @entity0 . At several stages in these diseases, mediators of the immune system, such as cytokines or inflammasomes, are crucially involved. In @entity17 , chronic @entity11 exposure sensitizes Kupffer cells to activation by lipopolysaccharides through Toll-like receptors, e.g., @entity14 . This sensitization enhances the production of various proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 ( @entity16 ) and @entity1 @entity4 factor-alpha, thereby contributing to @entity10 , @entity4 , and apoptosis and the generation of extracellular matrix proteins leading to @entity5 / @entity5 . Indeed, neutralization of @entity16 by @entity16 receptor antagonist has recently been shown to potently prevent @entity6 in @entity2 models of @entity17 . As @entity16 is clearly linked to key clinical symptoms of @entity6 such as @entity9 , @entity15 , and wasting, interfering with the @entity16 pathway might be an attractive treatment strategy in the future. An important role for @entity16 -type cytokines and certain inflammasomes has also been demonstrated in @entity2 models of @entity13 . @entity16 -type cytokines can regulate @entity12 ; the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome is critically involved in @entity8 . CONCLUSION: @entity16 cytokine family members and various inflammasomes mediate different aspects of both @entity17 and @entity13 . (Hepatology 2016;64:955-965).

title: Interleukin-1 and inflammasomes in @entity17 and XXXX / @entity13 .

answer: @entity13


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Both @entity17 ( @entity17 ) and @entity13 are characterized by massive lipid accumulation in the liver accompanied by @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity5 , and @entity7 in a substantial subgroup of @entity0 . At several stages in these diseases, mediators of the immune system, such as cytokines or inflammasomes, are crucially involved. In @entity17 , chronic @entity11 exposure sensitizes Kupffer cells to activation by lipopolysaccharides through Toll-like receptors, e.g., @entity14 . This sensitization enhances the production of various proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 ( @entity16 ) and @entity1 @entity4 factor-alpha, thereby contributing to @entity10 , @entity4 , and apoptosis and the generation of extracellular matrix proteins leading to @entity5 / @entity5 . Indeed, neutralization of @entity16 by @entity16 receptor antagonist has recently been shown to potently prevent @entity6 in @entity2 models of @entity17 . As @entity16 is clearly linked to key clinical symptoms of @entity6 such as @entity9 , @entity15 , and wasting, interfering with the @entity16 pathway might be an attractive treatment strategy in the future. An important role for @entity16 -type cytokines and certain inflammasomes has also been demonstrated in @entity2 models of @entity13 . @entity16 -type cytokines can regulate @entity12 ; the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome is critically involved in @entity8 . CONCLUSION: @entity16 cytokine family members and various inflammasomes mediate different aspects of both @entity17 and @entity13 . (Hepatology 2016;64:955-965).

title: Interleukin-1 and inflammasomes in @entity17 and @entity13 / XXXX .

answer: @entity13


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Both @entity17 ( @entity17 ) and @entity13 are characterized by massive lipid accumulation in the liver accompanied by @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity5 , and @entity7 in a substantial subgroup of @entity0 . At several stages in these diseases, mediators of the immune system, such as cytokines or inflammasomes, are crucially involved. In @entity17 , chronic @entity11 exposure sensitizes Kupffer cells to activation by lipopolysaccharides through Toll-like receptors, e.g., @entity14 . This sensitization enhances the production of various proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 ( @entity16 ) and @entity1 @entity4 factor-alpha, thereby contributing to @entity10 , @entity4 , and apoptosis and the generation of extracellular matrix proteins leading to @entity5 / @entity5 . Indeed, neutralization of @entity16 by @entity16 receptor antagonist has recently been shown to potently prevent @entity6 in @entity2 models of @entity17 . As @entity16 is clearly linked to key clinical symptoms of @entity6 such as @entity9 , @entity15 , and wasting, interfering with the @entity16 pathway might be an attractive treatment strategy in the future. An important role for @entity16 -type cytokines and certain inflammasomes has also been demonstrated in @entity2 models of @entity13 . @entity16 -type cytokines can regulate @entity12 ; the NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome is critically involved in @entity8 . CONCLUSION: @entity16 cytokine family members and various inflammasomes mediate different aspects of both @entity17 and @entity13 . (Hepatology 2016;64:955-965).

title: Interleukin-1 and inflammasomes in XXXX and @entity13 / @entity13 .

answer: @entity17


abstract: CXCL chemokines display important roles in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) biology, including cell proliferation, @entity2 and migration features. While @entity6 ( @entity7 ) represents the standard chemotherapeutic used to treat @entity3 @entity0 , its role in CXCL networking in GBMs remains unexplored. The effects of short-term and long-term in  vitro treatment with @entity6 on CXCL chemokine expression were characterized in @entity0 @entity1 cell lines. U373 and T98G @entity5 and @entity0 @entity8 cells were cultured for months in the presence of increasing concentrations of @entity7 (up to 1 mM), and their whole genome profiles were analyzed along with a complete mapping of all CXCL chemokines and their respective receptor mRNAs. The study was extended to an additional established cell line and four primocultures. The in vitro results were compared with a clinical series of 156 @entity0 @entity1 and 23 normal brain tissue samples. The expression and secretion of @entity9 , @entity10 and @entity4 following different @entity7 treatments were determined in @entity0 , U373 and T98G @entity1 cells. The long-term @entity7 -treated @entity5 cells, but not the @entity0 @entity8 cells, developed in vivo a certain level of resistance to @entity7 , which correlated with the up- regulation of @entity9 , @entity10 and @entity4 expression in the U373 and T98G @entity5 cells. The transient down-regulation of @entity9 in @entity0 @entity1 cells using siRNA markedly impaired their proliferation rate. In conclusion, @entity7 affects the expression and secretion of @entity9 (and, to a lesser extent, @entity10 and @entity4 ) in @entity1 cells, and @entity9 directly impacts @entity1 cell biology.

title: XXXX -induced modification of the CXC chemokine network in experimental @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: CXCL chemokines display important roles in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) biology, including cell proliferation, @entity2 and migration features. While @entity6 ( @entity7 ) represents the standard chemotherapeutic used to treat @entity3 @entity0 , its role in CXCL networking in GBMs remains unexplored. The effects of short-term and long-term in  vitro treatment with @entity6 on CXCL chemokine expression were characterized in @entity0 @entity1 cell lines. U373 and T98G @entity5 and @entity0 @entity8 cells were cultured for months in the presence of increasing concentrations of @entity7 (up to 1 mM), and their whole genome profiles were analyzed along with a complete mapping of all CXCL chemokines and their respective receptor mRNAs. The study was extended to an additional established cell line and four primocultures. The in vitro results were compared with a clinical series of 156 @entity0 @entity1 and 23 normal brain tissue samples. The expression and secretion of @entity9 , @entity10 and @entity4 following different @entity7 treatments were determined in @entity0 , U373 and T98G @entity1 cells. The long-term @entity7 -treated @entity5 cells, but not the @entity0 @entity8 cells, developed in vivo a certain level of resistance to @entity7 , which correlated with the up- regulation of @entity9 , @entity10 and @entity4 expression in the U373 and T98G @entity5 cells. The transient down-regulation of @entity9 in @entity0 @entity1 cells using siRNA markedly impaired their proliferation rate. In conclusion, @entity7 affects the expression and secretion of @entity9 (and, to a lesser extent, @entity10 and @entity4 ) in @entity1 cells, and @entity9 directly impacts @entity1 cell biology.

title: @entity6 -induced modification of the CXC chemokine network in experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The results of recent studies have suggested that high-grade serous @entity1  predominantly arises within the fallopian tubes. The @entity1 ( @entity1 ) risk in @entity0 with a history of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has been reported. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the impact of @entity2 in preventing @entity1 in the general population. METHODS: We searched the PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases and CENTRAL in the Cochrane Library for all English-language articles published up to January 2015, using the key @entity1 ' and ' @entity2 .' Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated by standard meta-analysis techniques. RESULTS: Of the 77 studies retrieved, three were included in this meta-analysis, including one cohort study and two population-based case-control studies with 3509 @entity0 who underwent @entity2 and 5,655,702 controls who did not undergo salpingectomy. Over the combined study period, 29 of the 3509 @entity2 @entity0 developed @entity1 compared with 44,006 of the 5,655,702 without salpingectomy. The meta-analysis results based on the fixed effects model revealed a significant decrease in the risk of @entity1 occurrence in the @entity0 who underwent @entity2 relative to the controls (OR=0.51, 95% CI 0.35-0.75, I(2)=0%). This pattern was also observed in subgroup analysis for the study type. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity3 is an effective measure to reduce @entity1 risk in the general population. Therefore, prophylactic @entity2 should be considered for @entity0 who require hysterectomy with benign indications or sterilisation procedures.

title: Bilateral salpingectomy can reduce the risk of XXXX in the general population: A meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of the hand is a common disease resulting in @entity1 and impaired function. The pathogenesis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is elusive and models to study it have not been described. Chondrocyte culture has been essential to understand @entity2 , which is a hallmark of @entity3 . We investigated the feasibility of @entity0 chondrocyte culture derived from proximal interphalangeal (PIP) finger joints. Hyaline cartilage of the PIP and knee joints was obtained from @entity0 cadavers. Chondrocytes harvested up to 236 hours after death of the donors were viable and expressed chondrocyte-specific genes. Gene expression comparing chondrocytes from PIP and knee joints using Affymetrix GeneChip arrays resulted in a unique PIP-specific gene expression pattern. Genes involved in developmental processes including the WNT pathway were differentially expressed between the joints. These findings suggest that our knowledge on chondrocyte biology derived mainly from knee and @entity4 may not apply to chondrocytes of the PIP joints and some of the distinctive features of @entity3 may be caused by the specific properties of PIP chondrocytes. Chondrocyte culture of PIP cartilage is a novel tool to study @entity2 in @entity3 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Chondrocyte cultures from XXXX proximal interphalangeal finger joints.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 are grouped into grades 1 to 4 on the basis of morphologic criteria. Grade is the most significant prognostic factor determining survival, but various proliferation markers are being increasingly employed by histopathologists as adjuncts to conventional morphologic variables to determine prognostic behavior of @entity5 . The most widely used and useful of these are @entity6 (Ki67) and @entity4 . OBJECTIVE: To correlate World Health Organization (WHO) grades of @entity3 and expression of @entity6 and @entity4 by these @entity1 with @entity0 survival at the end of one year. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 50 consecutive cases with confirmed diagnosis of various histologic types of @entity3 were included. Grading was done according to the WHO grading system for CNS @entity1 . Immunohistochemical staining of @entity4 and @entity6 (Ki67) was performed and scores were calculated. RESULTS: A significant correlation was shown between WHO histologic grade and @entity0 survival (p value:0.004) and a marginal correlation was seen between @entity6 score and @entity0 survival (p value: 0.233). CONCLUSION: Histologic grade is the most important prognostic factor with respect to @entity0 survival in @entity3 . Immunohistochemical staining with @entity6 and @entity4 may serve as an additional useful toolin determining the clinical course in combination with and as an adjunct to @entity1 grade. However, the fact that follow-up was available in only twenty out of the fifty cases is a limitation of the present study.

title: @entity2 : correlation of histologic grade, Ki67 and XXXX expression with @entity0 survival.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 are grouped into grades 1 to 4 on the basis of morphologic criteria. Grade is the most significant prognostic factor determining survival, but various proliferation markers are being increasingly employed by histopathologists as adjuncts to conventional morphologic variables to determine prognostic behavior of @entity5 . The most widely used and useful of these are @entity6 (Ki67) and @entity4 . OBJECTIVE: To correlate World Health Organization (WHO) grades of @entity3 and expression of @entity6 and @entity4 by these @entity1 with @entity0 survival at the end of one year. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 50 consecutive cases with confirmed diagnosis of various histologic types of @entity3 were included. Grading was done according to the WHO grading system for CNS @entity1 . Immunohistochemical staining of @entity4 and @entity6 (Ki67) was performed and scores were calculated. RESULTS: A significant correlation was shown between WHO histologic grade and @entity0 survival (p value:0.004) and a marginal correlation was seen between @entity6 score and @entity0 survival (p value: 0.233). CONCLUSION: Histologic grade is the most important prognostic factor with respect to @entity0 survival in @entity3 . Immunohistochemical staining with @entity6 and @entity4 may serve as an additional useful toolin determining the clinical course in combination with and as an adjunct to @entity1 grade. However, the fact that follow-up was available in only twenty out of the fifty cases is a limitation of the present study.

title: XXXX : correlation of histologic grade, Ki67 and @entity4 expression with @entity0 survival.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 are grouped into grades 1 to 4 on the basis of morphologic criteria. Grade is the most significant prognostic factor determining survival, but various proliferation markers are being increasingly employed by histopathologists as adjuncts to conventional morphologic variables to determine prognostic behavior of @entity5 . The most widely used and useful of these are @entity6 (Ki67) and @entity4 . OBJECTIVE: To correlate World Health Organization (WHO) grades of @entity3 and expression of @entity6 and @entity4 by these @entity1 with @entity0 survival at the end of one year. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 50 consecutive cases with confirmed diagnosis of various histologic types of @entity3 were included. Grading was done according to the WHO grading system for CNS @entity1 . Immunohistochemical staining of @entity4 and @entity6 (Ki67) was performed and scores were calculated. RESULTS: A significant correlation was shown between WHO histologic grade and @entity0 survival (p value:0.004) and a marginal correlation was seen between @entity6 score and @entity0 survival (p value: 0.233). CONCLUSION: Histologic grade is the most important prognostic factor with respect to @entity0 survival in @entity3 . Immunohistochemical staining with @entity6 and @entity4 may serve as an additional useful toolin determining the clinical course in combination with and as an adjunct to @entity1 grade. However, the fact that follow-up was available in only twenty out of the fifty cases is a limitation of the present study.

title: @entity2 : correlation of histologic grade, Ki67 and @entity4 expression with XXXX survival.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The objectives of this study were to assess the level of knowledge on HPV and HPV vaccination, and to determine vaccination attitude among Ege university students in Izmir, @entity2 . A cross-sectional survey was conducted in first-year English preparatory class. Systematic cluster sampling was applied and 717 (72.6%) of students registered to the 54 classes in 17 different faculties/schools were contacted. Data were collected between April 30 and May 18, 2010, through a self-reported questionnaire including 40 questions. A knowledge score was calculated by summing up the number of correct answers given to the 12 knowledge questions. Analyses were done using t-test, chi-square test, univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The mean age of @entity0 was 19.7  1.5 and 445 (62.1%) were female. Overall, 132 (18.9%) had experienced sexual intercourse, but only 7 of them were female. Among @entity0 , 24.1% had heard of HPV and 25.1% about HPV vaccine. The knowledge item with the highest correct answer rate (32.3%) was that HPV caused cervical @entity1 . The mean total knowledge score was remarkably poor (1.8  2.6 over 12 items), with 59.6% of respondents having zero as their score. There was no difference in mean knowledge scores between males and females. Higher income, history of sexual intercourse and higher knowledge score were significant factors increasing HPV and vaccine awareness for the whole group, adjusted for gender. @entity1 history in the family significantly increased awareness, but only among @entity0 . Only three students (0.4%) had already been vaccinated, all being female. Among females, 11.6% intended to be vaccinated vs. 10.1% for males, without any significant difference. Visiting a gynaecologist/urologist in the last three years, a history of @entity1 in the family, vaccine awareness, a higher total knowledge score, and being from the East of @entity2 were significant predictors of a positive vaccination attitude. HPVvaccination still remains as a 'hot medical topic' in @entity2 , since it hasn't yet become a popular health issue. Based on their age of first intercourse, first year at the university seems to be appropriate timing to inform Turkish @entity0 , whereas it is a bit late for @entity0 . Thus, integration of HPV education into secondary/high school curricula should be considered.

title: HPV vaccine awareness and willingness of first-year students entering university in Western XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The literature provides scant data concerning infectious complications and their effect on the outcome of @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) treated with new drug combinations. Despite no substantial myelotoxic effect, @entity7 increases the risk of severe @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity6 . We studied 202 @entity0 who received regimens containing @entity7 in order to assess the time, type, outcome, and factors affecting development of severe @entity3 , role of antibiotic prophylaxis, and effect of severe @entity3 on final outcome. Thirty-eight @entity0 (19%) developed a severe @entity3 early during induction therapy and most @entity3 were @entity2 . Only one @entity0 died due to @entity4 during @entity5 . No significant differences were reported in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between @entity0 developing a severe @entity3 and those who did not. Multivariate analysis determined a monoclonal component >3 g/dL and platelets <130,000/ L as factors associated with increased risk of severe @entity3 . Primary antibiotic prophylaxis significantly decreased the probability of severe @entity3 only in @entity0 having both the above risk factors. @entity0 with @entity6 receiving @entity7 combinations with high @entity1 burden are at high risk of developing severe @entity3 and require primary antibiotic prophylaxis, whereas in other @entity0 it is questionable. However, @entity0 final outcome was not affected by @entity3 development.

title: Infectious complications in @entity0 with @entity6 treated with new drug combinations containing XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The literature provides scant data concerning infectious complications and their effect on the outcome of @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) treated with new drug combinations. Despite no substantial myelotoxic effect, @entity7 increases the risk of severe @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity6 . We studied 202 @entity0 who received regimens containing @entity7 in order to assess the time, type, outcome, and factors affecting development of severe @entity3 , role of antibiotic prophylaxis, and effect of severe @entity3 on final outcome. Thirty-eight @entity0 (19%) developed a severe @entity3 early during induction therapy and most @entity3 were @entity2 . Only one @entity0 died due to @entity4 during @entity5 . No significant differences were reported in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between @entity0 developing a severe @entity3 and those who did not. Multivariate analysis determined a monoclonal component >3 g/dL and platelets <130,000/ L as factors associated with increased risk of severe @entity3 . Primary antibiotic prophylaxis significantly decreased the probability of severe @entity3 only in @entity0 having both the above risk factors. @entity0 with @entity6 receiving @entity7 combinations with high @entity1 burden are at high risk of developing severe @entity3 and require primary antibiotic prophylaxis, whereas in other @entity0 it is questionable. However, @entity0 final outcome was not affected by @entity3 development.

title: Infectious complications in @entity0 with XXXX treated with new drug combinations containing @entity7 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The literature provides scant data concerning infectious complications and their effect on the outcome of @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) treated with new drug combinations. Despite no substantial myelotoxic effect, @entity7 increases the risk of severe @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity6 . We studied 202 @entity0 who received regimens containing @entity7 in order to assess the time, type, outcome, and factors affecting development of severe @entity3 , role of antibiotic prophylaxis, and effect of severe @entity3 on final outcome. Thirty-eight @entity0 (19%) developed a severe @entity3 early during induction therapy and most @entity3 were @entity2 . Only one @entity0 died due to @entity4 during @entity5 . No significant differences were reported in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between @entity0 developing a severe @entity3 and those who did not. Multivariate analysis determined a monoclonal component >3 g/dL and platelets <130,000/ L as factors associated with increased risk of severe @entity3 . Primary antibiotic prophylaxis significantly decreased the probability of severe @entity3 only in @entity0 having both the above risk factors. @entity0 with @entity6 receiving @entity7 combinations with high @entity1 burden are at high risk of developing severe @entity3 and require primary antibiotic prophylaxis, whereas in other @entity0 it is questionable. However, @entity0 final outcome was not affected by @entity3 development.

title: Infectious complications in XXXX with @entity6 treated with new drug combinations containing @entity7 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs AEDs have adverse effects on bone mineral density (BMD), whereas studies on @entity4 ( @entity5 ), a nonenzyme-inducing agent, have showed conflicting results. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the role of @entity5 in bone health. A sample of forty-six @entity0 with @entity2 (mean age: 35.7years, range: 20.2-64.2years, 39.1% males) on @entity5 monotherapy for at least one year (range: 1.5-14.5years, median 5.5years) underwent femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) BMD measurements. The T- and Z-scores were calculated. Results showed that 15.2% of the @entity0 were identified with @entity3 and none with @entity1 . Pearson's correlations revealed a negative but not significant association of @entity5 duration with bone-related measurements (range of rhos: from -0.004 to -0.23), except for LS T-scores. In terms of FN BMD measurements, Z-scores, and T-scores, longer @entity5 therapy duration had adverse but not significant effects on bone health after adjusting for age and gender. With regard to LS BMD measurements, Z-scores, and T-scores, @entity0 taking @entity5 for at least 5.5years had better, although not significant, bone health compared with @entity0 with shorter @entity5 exposure, after adjusting for age. The opposite was found in @entity0 , although differences did not reach significance. These preliminary results are indicative of a differential effect of @entity5 therapy duration in @entity0 and @entity0 , which could presumably account for the incongruity of the already published studies. Also, LS assessments were more sensitive to these gender differences. Future larger studies should validate these results.

title: Preliminary evidence for gender effects of XXXX monotherapy duration on bone health of @entity0 with @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs AEDs have adverse effects on bone mineral density (BMD), whereas studies on @entity4 ( @entity5 ), a nonenzyme-inducing agent, have showed conflicting results. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the role of @entity5 in bone health. A sample of forty-six @entity0 with @entity2 (mean age: 35.7years, range: 20.2-64.2years, 39.1% males) on @entity5 monotherapy for at least one year (range: 1.5-14.5years, median 5.5years) underwent femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) BMD measurements. The T- and Z-scores were calculated. Results showed that 15.2% of the @entity0 were identified with @entity3 and none with @entity1 . Pearson's correlations revealed a negative but not significant association of @entity5 duration with bone-related measurements (range of rhos: from -0.004 to -0.23), except for LS T-scores. In terms of FN BMD measurements, Z-scores, and T-scores, longer @entity5 therapy duration had adverse but not significant effects on bone health after adjusting for age and gender. With regard to LS BMD measurements, Z-scores, and T-scores, @entity0 taking @entity5 for at least 5.5years had better, although not significant, bone health compared with @entity0 with shorter @entity5 exposure, after adjusting for age. The opposite was found in @entity0 , although differences did not reach significance. These preliminary results are indicative of a differential effect of @entity5 therapy duration in @entity0 and @entity0 , which could presumably account for the incongruity of the already published studies. Also, LS assessments were more sensitive to these gender differences. Future larger studies should validate these results.

title: Preliminary evidence for gender effects of @entity4 monotherapy duration on bone health of @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs AEDs have adverse effects on bone mineral density (BMD), whereas studies on @entity4 ( @entity5 ), a nonenzyme-inducing agent, have showed conflicting results. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the role of @entity5 in bone health. A sample of forty-six @entity0 with @entity2 (mean age: 35.7years, range: 20.2-64.2years, 39.1% males) on @entity5 monotherapy for at least one year (range: 1.5-14.5years, median 5.5years) underwent femoral neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS) BMD measurements. The T- and Z-scores were calculated. Results showed that 15.2% of the @entity0 were identified with @entity3 and none with @entity1 . Pearson's correlations revealed a negative but not significant association of @entity5 duration with bone-related measurements (range of rhos: from -0.004 to -0.23), except for LS T-scores. In terms of FN BMD measurements, Z-scores, and T-scores, longer @entity5 therapy duration had adverse but not significant effects on bone health after adjusting for age and gender. With regard to LS BMD measurements, Z-scores, and T-scores, @entity0 taking @entity5 for at least 5.5years had better, although not significant, bone health compared with @entity0 with shorter @entity5 exposure, after adjusting for age. The opposite was found in @entity0 , although differences did not reach significance. These preliminary results are indicative of a differential effect of @entity5 therapy duration in @entity0 and @entity0 , which could presumably account for the incongruity of the already published studies. Also, LS assessments were more sensitive to these gender differences. Future larger studies should validate these results.

title: Preliminary evidence for gender effects of @entity4 monotherapy duration on bone health of XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The current study compared clinical outcomes of two diverse therapeutic strategies for upper thoracic ( @entity4 ) spinal @entity3 with @entity1 in elderly @entity0 . METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 18 cases undergoing single-stage posterior transpedicular decompression, debridement, interbody fusion, and instrumentation (Group A). Sixteen cases underwent single- or two-stage anterior debridement, bone grafting, and posterior instrumentation (Group B). The clinical and radiographic results for these @entity0 were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: @entity0 were followed up for an average of 40.9  4.0 months (range 36-48 months). Results demonstrated that the average operative duration, @entity2 , hospital stays, and operative complication rate were lesser for Group A than for Group B. The average fusion time was 8.1  1.5 months and 7.8  2.9 months in Groups A and B, respectively (p>0.05). Cobb's angles were significantly corrected after surgical management, but loss of correction occurred in both groups. All @entity0 had significant postoperative neurological improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Single-stage posterior transpedicular debridement, decompression, interbody fusion and instrumentation might be a better surgical treatment compared with combined posterior and anterior approaches. Such techniques may result in fewer complications and a better quality of life for elderly @entity0 .

title: Two approaches for treating upper thoracic spinal tuberculosis with XXXX in the elderly: A retrospective case-control study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In this study, @entity1 ( @entity2 )/ @entity3 ( @entity4 ) solution was electrospun to fabricate fibrous scaffolds with different fiber orientations. Random and parallel @entity2 nanofiber alignments were achieved by using a metal plate and a rolling rod as the receiver, respectively. The parallel @entity2 fibrous scaffolds were further hot-stretched to obtain hyperparallel @entity2 fibrous scaffolds. The @entity2 fibrous scaffolds were characterized by fiber diameter, interfiber distance, fiber array angle, water contact angle, morphology and mechanical strength. The tensile strength of hyperparallel nano-fibers was approximately 5- and 14-times the parallel and random fibers, respectively. Osteoblast-like MG63 cells were cultured on the @entity2 scaffolds to study the effects of fiber orientation on cell morphology, proliferation and differentiation. The cells on the randomly-oriented scaffolds showed irregular forms, while the cells exhibited shuttle-like shapes on the parallel scaffolds and had larger aspect ratios along the fiber direction of the hyperparallel scaffolds. @entity0 ( @entity0 ) activity and collagen I (placeStateCol I) and osteocalcin (OC) deposition exhibited fiber orientation dependence. With an increase in parallelism of the fibers, there was a decrease in @entity0 activity and placeStateCol I and OC production. These results suggest that exploitation of @entity2 fiber orientation may be used to control osteoblast-like cell responses.

title: The effect of XXXX nanofiber orientation on osteogenic responses of human osteoblast-like MG63 cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Impulsivity is frequently linked with @entity2 and is associated with @entity2 and negative outcomes. The temporal dynamics of subjective @entity0 are unclear, in particular whether @entity0 precedes or follows changes in positive or negative affect. METHODS: A total of 41 outpatients with @entity2 (I or II) were provided with mobile devices for 11 weeks and completed twice-daily surveys about affective states and subjective @entity0 . We examined the association between aggregate subjective @entity0 with baseline global cognitive function, suicide risk ratings, and medication adherence, as well as concurrent and lagged associations with momentary positive and negative affect ratings. RESULTS: A total of 2902 ratings were available across study subjects. Higher aggregate mean ratings of @entity0 were associated with @entity1 , prior suicide attempts, and self-reported problems with medication adherence, as well as more severe @entity2 (but not depressive) symptoms. Time-lagged models indicated that greater negative affect, but not positive affect, predicted subsequent increases in subjective @entity0 , which, in turn, predicted diminished positive affect. LIMITATIONS: Other measures of @entity0 with which to validate subjective ratings were unavailable and the sample was restricted to generally clinically stable outpatients. CONCLUSIONS: Subjective @entity0 as measured by daily monitoring was associated with worse cognitive function and self-rated medication adherence, and higher suicide risk ratings. Impulsivity may be a maladaptive strategy to regulate negative affect in @entity2 .

title: The temporal course and clinical correlates of subjective XXXX as revealed through ecological momentary assessment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance is an important cause of @entity4 treatment failure. This study aimed to examine the change in H. @entity4 antibiotic resistance profile in Singapore over the course of 15 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study period was from 2000 to 2014. Gastric mucosal biopsies obtained from @entity4 -positive @entity0 were cultured. Antibiotic susceptibility to @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity2 , and @entity1 was tested. The change in resistance rates over time was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 708 @entity4 isolates were cultured. There was a significant increase in resistance rates for @entity3 (2000-2002: 24.8%; 2012-2014: 48.2%; p < .001), @entity5 (2000-2002: 7.9%; 2012-2014: 17.1%; p = .022), and @entity6 (2000-2002: 5%; 2012-2014: 14.7%; p = .007). The resistance rates for @entity2 (2000-2002: 5%; 2012-2014: 7.6%) and @entity1 (2000-2002: 3%; 2012-2014: 4.4%) remained stable. Increase in dual (2000-2002: 6.9%; 2012-2014: 9.4%; p = .479) and triple antibiotic resistance rates (2000-2002: 0; 2012-2014: 7.6%; p < .001) were observed. Overall, the most common dual and triple resistance patterns were @entity3 / @entity5 (4.4%) and @entity3 / @entity5 / @entity6 (1.8%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Over 15 years, @entity4 resistance rates to @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity6 had increased. There was increased resistance to multiple antibiotics.

title: The Changing Profile of XXXX @entity4 Antibiotic Resistance in Singapore: A 15-Year Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance is an important cause of @entity4 treatment failure. This study aimed to examine the change in H. @entity4 antibiotic resistance profile in Singapore over the course of 15 years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study period was from 2000 to 2014. Gastric mucosal biopsies obtained from @entity4 -positive @entity0 were cultured. Antibiotic susceptibility to @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity2 , and @entity1 was tested. The change in resistance rates over time was analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 708 @entity4 isolates were cultured. There was a significant increase in resistance rates for @entity3 (2000-2002: 24.8%; 2012-2014: 48.2%; p < .001), @entity5 (2000-2002: 7.9%; 2012-2014: 17.1%; p = .022), and @entity6 (2000-2002: 5%; 2012-2014: 14.7%; p = .007). The resistance rates for @entity2 (2000-2002: 5%; 2012-2014: 7.6%) and @entity1 (2000-2002: 3%; 2012-2014: 4.4%) remained stable. Increase in dual (2000-2002: 6.9%; 2012-2014: 9.4%; p = .479) and triple antibiotic resistance rates (2000-2002: 0; 2012-2014: 7.6%; p < .001) were observed. Overall, the most common dual and triple resistance patterns were @entity3 / @entity5 (4.4%) and @entity3 / @entity5 / @entity6 (1.8%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Over 15 years, @entity4 resistance rates to @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity6 had increased. There was increased resistance to multiple antibiotics.

title: The Changing Profile of @entity4 XXXX Antibiotic Resistance in Singapore: A 15-Year Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the feasibility of @entity4 repair with local anesthesia in an outpatient regime, with safety, efficacy and short learning curve. METHODS: We prospectively evaluated 454 @entity0 undergoing @entity4 repair under local anesthesia on an outpatient basis between November 2004 and August 2008. Of the total number of @entity5 surgically treated in this period, 285 were operated on the right, 163 on the left and six bilateral. We used clinical, surgical and psychosocial criteria for inclusion in the procedure. The parameters for exclusion were complex, irreducible or recurrent @entity5 , @entity1 (BMI greater than 30 kg/m  ), @entity0 's refusal and @entity2 . All @entity0 underwent elective surgery and were analyzed regarding surgical outcome, complications and hospital stay. RESULTS: All operations were completed successfully. In no case there was need to change the anesthetic method. Surgical time was similar to that conducted with other methods of anesthesia and there were no cases of adverse effects of local anesthetics. Intra-operative complications amounted to approximately 2.64% (12/454). There was no need for hospital admissions greater than 24 hours. CONCLUSION: The procedure is feasible and causes no perioperative significant @entity3 , is safe, can be performed by residents under supervision, has satisfactory @entity0 acceptance and complications similar to those observed in a conventional herniorrhaphy, allowing lower time and cost of hospitalization and faster access to treatment.

title: XXXX repair with local anesthesia in the outpatient.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity4 is inevitable in longitudinal epidemiological studies, @entity1 studies are thought to be especially sensitive to @entity4 . This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic and @entity1 at 2-year follow-up in the Netherlands Study of @entity3 and @entity2 . METHODS: Logistic regression was used to examine sociodemographic and @entity1 and the influence of clinical @entity1 characteristics on @entity4 . In addition, differences in determinants between 3 types of @entity4 (refusal, noncontact, and not able to participate) were evaluated. RESULTS: The @entity4 rate at the 2-year follow-up assessment was 12.9% (385/2981), representing 6 deceased @entity0 , 250 refusers, 51 noncontacts, and 78 @entity0 unable to participate because of health reasons. Determinants of @entity4 were younger age, less years of education, not being of North European descent, being recruited in Amsterdam, no previous participation in research, and having major @entity3 . Only the effects of age, sampling site, and previous participation in research differed between types of @entity4 . Furthermore, comorbid depressive and @entity2 and higher symptom severity were associated with @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to the view that @entity1 epidemiological research is more prone to high @entity4 rates, this study revealed a relatively low @entity4 rate. Furthermore, both sociodemographic and @entity1 variables were independent determinants of @entity4 . Oversampling of subgroups that are at higher risk of dropout may be advisable for future @entity1 cohort studies.

title: Sociodemographic and @entity1 in the Netherlands Study of @entity3 and XXXX (NESDA).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity4 is inevitable in longitudinal epidemiological studies, @entity1 studies are thought to be especially sensitive to @entity4 . This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic and @entity1 at 2-year follow-up in the Netherlands Study of @entity3 and @entity2 . METHODS: Logistic regression was used to examine sociodemographic and @entity1 and the influence of clinical @entity1 characteristics on @entity4 . In addition, differences in determinants between 3 types of @entity4 (refusal, noncontact, and not able to participate) were evaluated. RESULTS: The @entity4 rate at the 2-year follow-up assessment was 12.9% (385/2981), representing 6 deceased @entity0 , 250 refusers, 51 noncontacts, and 78 @entity0 unable to participate because of health reasons. Determinants of @entity4 were younger age, less years of education, not being of North European descent, being recruited in Amsterdam, no previous participation in research, and having major @entity3 . Only the effects of age, sampling site, and previous participation in research differed between types of @entity4 . Furthermore, comorbid depressive and @entity2 and higher symptom severity were associated with @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to the view that @entity1 epidemiological research is more prone to high @entity4 rates, this study revealed a relatively low @entity4 rate. Furthermore, both sociodemographic and @entity1 variables were independent determinants of @entity4 . Oversampling of subgroups that are at higher risk of dropout may be advisable for future @entity1 cohort studies.

title: Sociodemographic and @entity1 in the Netherlands Study of XXXX and @entity2 (NESDA).

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity4 is inevitable in longitudinal epidemiological studies, @entity1 studies are thought to be especially sensitive to @entity4 . This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic and @entity1 at 2-year follow-up in the Netherlands Study of @entity3 and @entity2 . METHODS: Logistic regression was used to examine sociodemographic and @entity1 and the influence of clinical @entity1 characteristics on @entity4 . In addition, differences in determinants between 3 types of @entity4 (refusal, noncontact, and not able to participate) were evaluated. RESULTS: The @entity4 rate at the 2-year follow-up assessment was 12.9% (385/2981), representing 6 deceased @entity0 , 250 refusers, 51 noncontacts, and 78 @entity0 unable to participate because of health reasons. Determinants of @entity4 were younger age, less years of education, not being of North European descent, being recruited in Amsterdam, no previous participation in research, and having major @entity3 . Only the effects of age, sampling site, and previous participation in research differed between types of @entity4 . Furthermore, comorbid depressive and @entity2 and higher symptom severity were associated with @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to the view that @entity1 epidemiological research is more prone to high @entity4 rates, this study revealed a relatively low @entity4 rate. Furthermore, both sociodemographic and @entity1 variables were independent determinants of @entity4 . Oversampling of subgroups that are at higher risk of dropout may be advisable for future @entity1 cohort studies.

title: Sociodemographic and XXXX in the Netherlands Study of @entity3 and @entity2 (NESDA).

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is a highly vulnerable site in @entity11 . Under @entity0 conditions, the DRG experiences tissue @entity4 or lower ambient @entity2 tension that leads to aberrant metabolic functions. @entity6 have been documented to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diverse @entity5 @entity3 . However, the contribution of @entity0 -induced @entity6 in the DRG to the pathogenesis of @entity11 remains ill-explored. In this study, we report that @entity9 dehydrogenase kinases ( @entity14 and @entity13 ), key regulatory enzymes in @entity7 metabolism, mediate glycolytic metabolic shift in the DRG leading to @entity11 . @entity10 -induced @entity0 substantially enhanced the expression and activity of the PDKs in the DRG, and the genetic ablation of @entity14 and @entity13 attenuated the @entity12 -induced @entity5 . Mechanistically, @entity14 /4 deficiency inhibited the @entity0 -induced lactate surge, expression of @entity5 -related ion channels, activation of satellite glial cells, and infiltration of macrophages in the DRG, in addition to reducing central sensitization and neuroinflammation hallmarks in the spinal cord, which likely accounts for the attenuated @entity5 . @entity14 /4-deficient @entity1 were partly resistant to the @entity0 -induced loss of peripheral nerve structure and function. Furthermore, in the experiments using DRG neuron cultures, @entity8 treatment enhanced the expression of the ion channels and compromised cell viability. Finally, the pharmacological inhibition of DRG PDKs or @entity8 production substantially attenuated @entity0 -induced @entity5 . Taken together, @entity14 /4 induction and the subsequent @entity8 surge induce the metabolic shift in the @entity0 DRG, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of @entity11 .

title: @entity9 Dehydrogenase Kinase-Mediated Glycolytic Metabolic Shift in the Dorsal Root Ganglion Drives XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The dorsal root ganglion (DRG) is a highly vulnerable site in @entity11 . Under @entity0 conditions, the DRG experiences tissue @entity4 or lower ambient @entity2 tension that leads to aberrant metabolic functions. @entity6 have been documented to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of diverse @entity5 @entity3 . However, the contribution of @entity0 -induced @entity6 in the DRG to the pathogenesis of @entity11 remains ill-explored. In this study, we report that @entity9 dehydrogenase kinases ( @entity14 and @entity13 ), key regulatory enzymes in @entity7 metabolism, mediate glycolytic metabolic shift in the DRG leading to @entity11 . @entity10 -induced @entity0 substantially enhanced the expression and activity of the PDKs in the DRG, and the genetic ablation of @entity14 and @entity13 attenuated the @entity12 -induced @entity5 . Mechanistically, @entity14 /4 deficiency inhibited the @entity0 -induced lactate surge, expression of @entity5 -related ion channels, activation of satellite glial cells, and infiltration of macrophages in the DRG, in addition to reducing central sensitization and neuroinflammation hallmarks in the spinal cord, which likely accounts for the attenuated @entity5 . @entity14 /4-deficient @entity1 were partly resistant to the @entity0 -induced loss of peripheral nerve structure and function. Furthermore, in the experiments using DRG neuron cultures, @entity8 treatment enhanced the expression of the ion channels and compromised cell viability. Finally, the pharmacological inhibition of DRG PDKs or @entity8 production substantially attenuated @entity0 -induced @entity5 . Taken together, @entity14 /4 induction and the subsequent @entity8 surge induce the metabolic shift in the @entity0 DRG, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of @entity11 .

title: XXXX Dehydrogenase Kinase-Mediated Glycolytic Metabolic Shift in the Dorsal Root Ganglion Drives @entity11 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the relationships between @entity2 -free interval (MFI) and @entity3 characteristics, and assessed the prognostic value of MFI for survival after @entity2 in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . Furthermore, we compared MFI among the subtypes. METHODS: We identified 335 @entity1 with @entity4 recurrence at distant site(s). All @entity1 underwent curative resection and had a MFI of at least 6 months. MFI was categorized as short (<2 years), intermediate (>= 2 years and <5 years), or long (>= 5 years). Overall survival after @entity2 (OSM) was estimated. RESULTS: @entity1 with a shorter MFI were younger, more likely to have initial @entity2 to visceral organs, and had a larger @entity3 with a higher stage and grade as well as a higher rate of nodal involvement at initial diagnosis. Among 136 @entity1 with known disease subtypes, shorter MFI was associated with the triple-negative subtype while longer MFI was associated with the hormone receptor-positive/ @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative subtype. Mortality after @entity2 declined sharply with increasing MFI up to approximately 2 years, and continued gradually declining between 2 and 5 years. An MFI longer than 5 years did not add any survival benefit. MFI was a significant prognostic factor for OSM independent of nodal status, stage, metastatic site, and hormone receptor status of the metastasized @entity3 . CONCLUSION: MFI is closely related to biological characteristics of both @entity3 and their metastases, and has a prognostic value for survival after @entity2 . We therefore suggest investigation into treatments targeting improvement of MFI as a potential novel strategy.

title: Metastasis-Free Interval Is Closely Related to Tumor Characteristics and Has Prognostic Value in XXXX @entity1 with Distant Relapse.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: We investigated the relationships between @entity2 -free interval (MFI) and @entity3 characteristics, and assessed the prognostic value of MFI for survival after @entity2 in @entity1 with metastatic @entity0 . Furthermore, we compared MFI among the subtypes. METHODS: We identified 335 @entity1 with @entity4 recurrence at distant site(s). All @entity1 underwent curative resection and had a MFI of at least 6 months. MFI was categorized as short (<2 years), intermediate (>= 2 years and <5 years), or long (>= 5 years). Overall survival after @entity2 (OSM) was estimated. RESULTS: @entity1 with a shorter MFI were younger, more likely to have initial @entity2 to visceral organs, and had a larger @entity3 with a higher stage and grade as well as a higher rate of nodal involvement at initial diagnosis. Among 136 @entity1 with known disease subtypes, shorter MFI was associated with the triple-negative subtype while longer MFI was associated with the hormone receptor-positive/ @entity1 epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative subtype. Mortality after @entity2 declined sharply with increasing MFI up to approximately 2 years, and continued gradually declining between 2 and 5 years. An MFI longer than 5 years did not add any survival benefit. MFI was a significant prognostic factor for OSM independent of nodal status, stage, metastatic site, and hormone receptor status of the metastasized @entity3 . CONCLUSION: MFI is closely related to biological characteristics of both @entity3 and their metastases, and has a prognostic value for survival after @entity2 . We therefore suggest investigation into treatments targeting improvement of MFI as a potential novel strategy.

title: Metastasis-Free Interval Is Closely Related to Tumor Characteristics and Has Prognostic Value in @entity0 XXXX with Distant Relapse.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Evolving therapies have improved the prognoses of @entity1 with @entity0 ; and currently, the number of long-term survivors is continuously increasing. However, these @entity1 are at increased risk of developing a second @entity2 . Thus, late side effects are becoming an important issue. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether @entity1 and @entity2 characteristics, and treatment type correlate with secondary @entity2 risk. METHODS: This case-control study included 305 @entity1 with a diagnosed second @entity2 after almost 6 months after the diagnosis of primary @entity0 and 1,525 controls (ratio 1:5 of cases to controls) from a population-based cohort of 6,325 @entity1 . The control @entity1 were randomly selected from the cohort and matched to the cases according to age at diagnosis, calendar period of diagnosis, disease stage, and time of follow-up. RESULTS: @entity6 or @entity5 mutation, @entity1 @entity4 ( @entity4 )+ status, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy were related to increased risk of developing a second @entity2 , whereas hormonotherapy showed a protective effect. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and estrogenic receptor level <10% increased the risk of @entity0 . @entity4 + status increased the risk of digestive system and @entity3 , while @entity6 or @entity5 mutation increased the risk of @entity2 in the genital system. CONCLUSION: @entity0 survivors are exposed to an excess of risk of developing a second @entity2 . The development of excess of @entity2 may be related either to @entity1 and @entity2 characteristics, such as @entity6 or @entity5 mutation and @entity4 + status, or to treatments factors.

title: Risk of Second Primary Malignancy in XXXX : A Nested Population-Based Case-Control Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Our study aimed to explore the differences in short and long-term outcomes about the transthoracic (TH) and abdominal-transhiatal (TH) approaches for treating esophagogastric junction (AEG). A systematic review of PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and CBMdisc was performed. All original articles comparing TH with TA were included in the study. Meta-analysis was conducted using odd ratios (OR) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ).Thirteen studies including 2489 @entity0 with @entity4 , with 1050 @entity0 underwent TA and 1437 @entity0 underwent TH were pooled for this study. There were no significant difference between two approaches concerning duration of operation, @entity2 , @entity5 and positive of proximal incisal margin. Lymph node excised also showed no significant differences between two procedures in RCTs while in TA group of Non-RCTs, the number of lymph node dissection is higher. TH approach was associated with a longer length of hospital stay and had higher incidence of @entity1 and early postoperative mortality. Overall analysis of 1, 3, 5-year survival showed no significant difference between two approaches. Based on the study, TA approach had a positive impact than TH for AEG with respect to @entity1 , hospital stay and early mortality rates. There were no significant differences between the two approaches for long-term survival. Therefore, two surgical approaches are acceptable, and the elders with poor cardiopulmonary function, we recommended TA approach for treating it.

title: Transthoracic versus abdominal-transhiatal resection for treating Siewert type II/III XXXX : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) have been the main embolic materials for @entity1 . Liquid aneurysmal embolic materials represented by cellulose @entity3 polymer (CAP) are still in controversy. In this research, the embolization results and pathological reactions after embolization of @entity0 aneurysmal models with @entity8 or CAP were observed and compared. METHODS: The @entity0 aneurysmal models constructed by anastomosis of @entity7 were randomly grouped. The @entity2 were respectively occluded with CAP and electrolytic detachable coils that was named by Wu electrolytic detachable coil (WEDC) and made by us. Angiogram follow-ups were performed at 24-hour, 2-week, and 2-month after embolization. The @entity2 were dissected in each stage for light microscopic, electron microscopic, and histochemical research. RESULTS: The effect of embolization was significantly better with WEDC than that with CAP (chi2 = 5. 56, P < 0.05). Post-embolized complications such as @entity9 and @entity5 of parent arteries could only be found in CAP group. Pathological research showed that CAP mass could packed the @entity2 more densely than coils. Acute chemical damage of aneurysmal wall and inflammatory cell infiltration was prominently found in early stage after @entity6 . Organization of @entity4 inside @entity2 and formation of endothelial tissue over the orifices of aneurysmal necks could be found in both groups 2 months after embolization. But parts of coils might be exposed outside endothelial layer. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 are still the most safe, efficient, and reliable instruments to embolize @entity2 . CAP should be improved further to solve the problem of strong chemical corrosion and difficulty in control before it is widely used.

title: Comparison of cellulose XXXX polymer and electrolytic detachable coils for treatment of @entity0 aneurysmal models.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) have been the main embolic materials for @entity1 . Liquid aneurysmal embolic materials represented by cellulose @entity3 polymer (CAP) are still in controversy. In this research, the embolization results and pathological reactions after embolization of @entity0 aneurysmal models with @entity8 or CAP were observed and compared. METHODS: The @entity0 aneurysmal models constructed by anastomosis of @entity7 were randomly grouped. The @entity2 were respectively occluded with CAP and electrolytic detachable coils that was named by Wu electrolytic detachable coil (WEDC) and made by us. Angiogram follow-ups were performed at 24-hour, 2-week, and 2-month after embolization. The @entity2 were dissected in each stage for light microscopic, electron microscopic, and histochemical research. RESULTS: The effect of embolization was significantly better with WEDC than that with CAP (chi2 = 5. 56, P < 0.05). Post-embolized complications such as @entity9 and @entity5 of parent arteries could only be found in CAP group. Pathological research showed that CAP mass could packed the @entity2 more densely than coils. Acute chemical damage of aneurysmal wall and inflammatory cell infiltration was prominently found in early stage after @entity6 . Organization of @entity4 inside @entity2 and formation of endothelial tissue over the orifices of aneurysmal necks could be found in both groups 2 months after embolization. But parts of coils might be exposed outside endothelial layer. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 are still the most safe, efficient, and reliable instruments to embolize @entity2 . CAP should be improved further to solve the problem of strong chemical corrosion and difficulty in control before it is widely used.

title: Comparison of cellulose @entity3 polymer and electrolytic detachable coils for treatment of XXXX aneurysmal models.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravenous @entity3 for acute, severe @entity9 is usually administered in a dose of 4 mg/kg/day, with concurrent intravenous @entity4 . This is associated with considerable morbidity. We have been using a low-dose regimen, most commonly without concurrent @entity4 , for seven years, and present the outcome. METHODS: Records of all @entity0 admitted for severe @entity1 , treated by one physician over seven years, were reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity0 received low-dose intravenous @entity3 (2 mg/kg/day) for a median 8 days. Eleven early @entity0 received concurrent intravenous corticosteroids. Three @entity0 had @entity2 requiring dose reduction, one elevated @entity8 and one elevated liver enzymes (all transient), and four experienced @entity5 (two arm cellulitis, one @entity7 , one @entity10 ). Twenty-four @entity0 (77%) avoided urgent colectomy, and were discharged on oral @entity3 and @entity6 . After a median 18 months (range 3-77), 14 @entity0 (45% of total) avoided colectomy, of whom eight had flares responding to medical therapy and two had persistent, mildly active disease. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose intravenous @entity3 (2 mg/kg/day), usually used as a monotherapy and followed by @entity6 , achieves similar long-term efficacy to higher dose @entity3 combined with @entity4 in severe @entity1 . Morbidity appears to be low.

title: Long-term results of low-dose intravenous @entity3 for acute severe XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intravenous @entity3 for acute, severe @entity9 is usually administered in a dose of 4 mg/kg/day, with concurrent intravenous @entity4 . This is associated with considerable morbidity. We have been using a low-dose regimen, most commonly without concurrent @entity4 , for seven years, and present the outcome. METHODS: Records of all @entity0 admitted for severe @entity1 , treated by one physician over seven years, were reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-one @entity0 received low-dose intravenous @entity3 (2 mg/kg/day) for a median 8 days. Eleven early @entity0 received concurrent intravenous corticosteroids. Three @entity0 had @entity2 requiring dose reduction, one elevated @entity8 and one elevated liver enzymes (all transient), and four experienced @entity5 (two arm cellulitis, one @entity7 , one @entity10 ). Twenty-four @entity0 (77%) avoided urgent colectomy, and were discharged on oral @entity3 and @entity6 . After a median 18 months (range 3-77), 14 @entity0 (45% of total) avoided colectomy, of whom eight had flares responding to medical therapy and two had persistent, mildly active disease. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose intravenous @entity3 (2 mg/kg/day), usually used as a monotherapy and followed by @entity6 , achieves similar long-term efficacy to higher dose @entity3 combined with @entity4 in severe @entity1 . Morbidity appears to be low.

title: Long-term results of low-dose intravenous XXXX for acute severe @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical course of @entity1 after the induction of remission with medical therapy is characterized by unpredictable relapse. AIM: To evaluate three surrogate markers, intestinal permeability, mucosal @entity4 and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB/ @entity7 expression, in order to determine the relationship of these parameters to clinical relapse. METHODS: Thirty @entity0 with active @entity1 were treated with a 10 week course of @entity3 using a tapering dosing regimen. Intestinal permeability (lactulose/ @entity6 [L/M ratio]) was determined at baseline and at the end of @entity3 tapering. @entity4 production and the levels of expression of @entity5 / @entity7 were measured in colonic mucosal biopsies obtained after the induction of remission. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity0 (73%) achieved remission and 50% of @entity0 experienced a clinical relapse during the ensuing 12 months. Treatment with @entity3 resulted in a significant decrease in the L/M ratio. Of the @entity0 that relapsed, 75% had a raised L/M ratio at the time of remission compared with 20% of @entity0 with a normal L/M ratio (P < 0.008; hazard ratio = 6.094; CI 1.55, 17.43). Mucosal @entity4 production was greater in relapsers compared with those who remained in remission. The levels of @entity5 in relapsers were significantly greater and levels of cytosolic @entity7 were significantly lower compared with those measured in @entity0 who remained in remission. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of incorporating biological parameters of @entity2 in determining the clinical course of @entity1 .

title: The mechanisms of XXXX @entity2 in @entity1 involve changes in intestinal permeability, mucosal @entity4 production and nuclear factor kappa B expression.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical course of @entity1 after the induction of remission with medical therapy is characterized by unpredictable relapse. AIM: To evaluate three surrogate markers, intestinal permeability, mucosal @entity4 and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB/ @entity7 expression, in order to determine the relationship of these parameters to clinical relapse. METHODS: Thirty @entity0 with active @entity1 were treated with a 10 week course of @entity3 using a tapering dosing regimen. Intestinal permeability (lactulose/ @entity6 [L/M ratio]) was determined at baseline and at the end of @entity3 tapering. @entity4 production and the levels of expression of @entity5 / @entity7 were measured in colonic mucosal biopsies obtained after the induction of remission. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity0 (73%) achieved remission and 50% of @entity0 experienced a clinical relapse during the ensuing 12 months. Treatment with @entity3 resulted in a significant decrease in the L/M ratio. Of the @entity0 that relapsed, 75% had a raised L/M ratio at the time of remission compared with 20% of @entity0 with a normal L/M ratio (P < 0.008; hazard ratio = 6.094; CI 1.55, 17.43). Mucosal @entity4 production was greater in relapsers compared with those who remained in remission. The levels of @entity5 in relapsers were significantly greater and levels of cytosolic @entity7 were significantly lower compared with those measured in @entity0 who remained in remission. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of incorporating biological parameters of @entity2 in determining the clinical course of @entity1 .

title: The mechanisms of @entity3 @entity2 in @entity1 involve changes in intestinal permeability, mucosal XXXX production and nuclear factor kappa B expression.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical course of @entity1 after the induction of remission with medical therapy is characterized by unpredictable relapse. AIM: To evaluate three surrogate markers, intestinal permeability, mucosal @entity4 and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB/ @entity7 expression, in order to determine the relationship of these parameters to clinical relapse. METHODS: Thirty @entity0 with active @entity1 were treated with a 10 week course of @entity3 using a tapering dosing regimen. Intestinal permeability (lactulose/ @entity6 [L/M ratio]) was determined at baseline and at the end of @entity3 tapering. @entity4 production and the levels of expression of @entity5 / @entity7 were measured in colonic mucosal biopsies obtained after the induction of remission. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity0 (73%) achieved remission and 50% of @entity0 experienced a clinical relapse during the ensuing 12 months. Treatment with @entity3 resulted in a significant decrease in the L/M ratio. Of the @entity0 that relapsed, 75% had a raised L/M ratio at the time of remission compared with 20% of @entity0 with a normal L/M ratio (P < 0.008; hazard ratio = 6.094; CI 1.55, 17.43). Mucosal @entity4 production was greater in relapsers compared with those who remained in remission. The levels of @entity5 in relapsers were significantly greater and levels of cytosolic @entity7 were significantly lower compared with those measured in @entity0 who remained in remission. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of incorporating biological parameters of @entity2 in determining the clinical course of @entity1 .

title: The mechanisms of @entity3 @entity2 in XXXX involve changes in intestinal permeability, mucosal @entity4 production and nuclear factor kappa B expression.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The clinical course of @entity1 after the induction of remission with medical therapy is characterized by unpredictable relapse. AIM: To evaluate three surrogate markers, intestinal permeability, mucosal @entity4 and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB/ @entity7 expression, in order to determine the relationship of these parameters to clinical relapse. METHODS: Thirty @entity0 with active @entity1 were treated with a 10 week course of @entity3 using a tapering dosing regimen. Intestinal permeability (lactulose/ @entity6 [L/M ratio]) was determined at baseline and at the end of @entity3 tapering. @entity4 production and the levels of expression of @entity5 / @entity7 were measured in colonic mucosal biopsies obtained after the induction of remission. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity0 (73%) achieved remission and 50% of @entity0 experienced a clinical relapse during the ensuing 12 months. Treatment with @entity3 resulted in a significant decrease in the L/M ratio. Of the @entity0 that relapsed, 75% had a raised L/M ratio at the time of remission compared with 20% of @entity0 with a normal L/M ratio (P < 0.008; hazard ratio = 6.094; CI 1.55, 17.43). Mucosal @entity4 production was greater in relapsers compared with those who remained in remission. The levels of @entity5 in relapsers were significantly greater and levels of cytosolic @entity7 were significantly lower compared with those measured in @entity0 who remained in remission. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of incorporating biological parameters of @entity2 in determining the clinical course of @entity1 .

title: The mechanisms of @entity3 XXXX in @entity1 involve changes in intestinal permeability, mucosal @entity4 production and nuclear factor kappa B expression.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 nanoparticles ( @entity7 -NPs) have wide biological applications, which have raised serious concerns about their impact on the health and environment. Although, various studies have shown @entity7 -NP @entity3 on different cells under in vitro conditions, sufficient information is lacking regarding @entity3 and underlying mechanisms under in vivo conditions. In this work, we investigated genotoxic, clastogenic, and cytotoxic effects of @entity7 -NPs on macrophages and in adult @entity0 . @entity7 -NP-treated @entity0 showed signs of @entity3 such as loss in body weight, passive behavior and reduced survival. Further mechanistic studies revealed that administration of higher dose caused severe DNA damage in peripheral blood and bone marrow cells as evident by the formation of COMET tail, micronuclei, chromosomal fragmentation, and phosphorylation of H2A histone family member X. Moreover, @entity7 -NPs inhibited DNA repair mechanism by downregulating the expression of @entity10 and @entity9 proteins. Histopathological examinations showed severe @entity2 and damage to liver, lungs, and kidneys. Cell viability and wound healing assays revealed that @entity7 -NPs killed macrophages in a dose-dependent manner, caused severe wounds and inhibited cellular migration by irreversible actin depolymerization and degradation. Reduction in the viability of macrophages was due to the arrest of the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, inhibition of @entity4 dismutase and @entity8 and eventually reactive @entity1 species. Furthermore, treatment with an antioxidant drug @entity5 significantly reduced the @entity7 -NP induced genotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, this study gives detailed pathological insights of @entity7 -NP that impair cellular functions, thus will enable to arbitrate their biological applications.

title: XXXX Nanoparticles Exhibit Genotoxic, Clastogenic, Cytotoxic and Actin Depolymerization Effects by Inducing Oxidative Stress Responses in Macrophages and Adult @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 nanoparticles ( @entity7 -NPs) have wide biological applications, which have raised serious concerns about their impact on the health and environment. Although, various studies have shown @entity7 -NP @entity3 on different cells under in vitro conditions, sufficient information is lacking regarding @entity3 and underlying mechanisms under in vivo conditions. In this work, we investigated genotoxic, clastogenic, and cytotoxic effects of @entity7 -NPs on macrophages and in adult @entity0 . @entity7 -NP-treated @entity0 showed signs of @entity3 such as loss in body weight, passive behavior and reduced survival. Further mechanistic studies revealed that administration of higher dose caused severe DNA damage in peripheral blood and bone marrow cells as evident by the formation of COMET tail, micronuclei, chromosomal fragmentation, and phosphorylation of H2A histone family member X. Moreover, @entity7 -NPs inhibited DNA repair mechanism by downregulating the expression of @entity10 and @entity9 proteins. Histopathological examinations showed severe @entity2 and damage to liver, lungs, and kidneys. Cell viability and wound healing assays revealed that @entity7 -NPs killed macrophages in a dose-dependent manner, caused severe wounds and inhibited cellular migration by irreversible actin depolymerization and degradation. Reduction in the viability of macrophages was due to the arrest of the cell cycle at the G0/G1 phase, inhibition of @entity4 dismutase and @entity8 and eventually reactive @entity1 species. Furthermore, treatment with an antioxidant drug @entity5 significantly reduced the @entity7 -NP induced genotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, this study gives detailed pathological insights of @entity7 -NP that impair cellular functions, thus will enable to arbitrate their biological applications.

title: @entity6 Nanoparticles Exhibit Genotoxic, Clastogenic, Cytotoxic and Actin Depolymerization Effects by Inducing Oxidative Stress Responses in Macrophages and Adult XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report the associate medical disorders of the @entity0 with @entity6 and analyze the medical disorders' effects on the treatment and prognosis. METHOD: One hundred and forty-six cases of @entity6 associated with medical disorders who admitted to our center from July, 1971 to @entity7 , 2001 were analyzed retrospectively. And the other 161 cases without medical disorders who admitted to our center during the same time were chosen as control. RESULTS: Among the 146 @entity0 with medical disorders, the @entity3 were @entity4 in 104 @entity0 (71.2%), @entity2 in 30 @entity0 (20.5%) and @entity5 in 29 @entity0 (19.9%). Those @entity0 with medical disorders were elder than the control (P < 0.001). The medical disorders were independent of stage, @entity1 cell differentiation and pathological classification (P > 0.05). The operation ratio of those @entity0 with medical disorders were less than the control. But there was no significance (P > 0.05). The radiotherapy and chemotherapy ratio of them was significantly higher than the control (P < 0.01). Univariate analysis of the cases followed up showed that the prognosis were independent of the associated medical disorders, such as @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity5 (P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the prognosis were related to the stage and @entity1 cell differentiation affected the prognosis remarkable. But the prognosis was independent of age and associated medical disorders. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity6 often associates with @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity5 , and so on. The incidence rate of medical disorders increases with the aging of the @entity0 . The medical disorders might affect the therapy to a certain extent. But they do not affect the prognosis remarkably.

title: [A clinical analysis of 146 cases of XXXX with medical disorders].

answer: @entity6


abstract: The developmental competence of oocytes recovered from the ovaries of slaughtered prepubertal and adult @entity4 was evaluated after in vitro maturation, parthenogenetic activation and culture in vitro. In addition, the effect of prepubertal and adult follicular fluid (FF) on the developmental competence of prepubertal and adult oocytes was investigated. When matured in adult FF, the rates of cleavage (92 v. 73% P < 0.01) and blastocyst formation (57 v. 38%; P < 0.05) were greater for adult oocytes than for prepubertal oocytes. Blastocysts derived from adult oocytes had more trophectoderm cells (43 v. 30; P < 0.05) and total cells (51 v. 36; P < 0.05) than blastocysts derived from prepubertal oocytes. The developmental competence of prepubertal oocytes was not affected by the FF donor age, whereas the developmental competence of adult oocytes was. Blastocysts derived from adult oocytes matured in adult FF had more trophectoderm cells (38 v. 24; P < 0.005), inner cell mass cells (7 v. 3; P < 0.01) and total cells (45 v. 27; P < 0.001) than blastocysts derived from adult oocytes matured in prepubertal FF. Characterization of the @entity1 content of the FF used to supplement the maturation medium revealed that adult FF contained more @entity3 (42 v. 23 ng mL(-1); P < 0.005) and @entity5 (70 v. 16 ng mL(-1); P < 0.05) than prepubertal FF. In addition, the molar ratios of @entity3 to @entity5 , @entity5 to @entity0 and @entity5 to @entity2 differed (P < 0.05) between prepubertal and adult FF. The results support the hypothesis that a greater proportion of adult oocytes than of prepubertal oocytes has completed 'oocyte capacitation'. The differences in FF @entity1 content are indicative of the different follicular environments from which the prepubertal and adult oocytes were isolated, and may be attributed to the observed effects on oocyte developmental competence.

title: Relationship between donor animal age, follicular fluid XXXX content and oocyte developmental competence in the @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The developmental competence of oocytes recovered from the ovaries of slaughtered prepubertal and adult @entity4 was evaluated after in vitro maturation, parthenogenetic activation and culture in vitro. In addition, the effect of prepubertal and adult follicular fluid (FF) on the developmental competence of prepubertal and adult oocytes was investigated. When matured in adult FF, the rates of cleavage (92 v. 73% P < 0.01) and blastocyst formation (57 v. 38%; P < 0.05) were greater for adult oocytes than for prepubertal oocytes. Blastocysts derived from adult oocytes had more trophectoderm cells (43 v. 30; P < 0.05) and total cells (51 v. 36; P < 0.05) than blastocysts derived from prepubertal oocytes. The developmental competence of prepubertal oocytes was not affected by the FF donor age, whereas the developmental competence of adult oocytes was. Blastocysts derived from adult oocytes matured in adult FF had more trophectoderm cells (38 v. 24; P < 0.005), inner cell mass cells (7 v. 3; P < 0.01) and total cells (45 v. 27; P < 0.001) than blastocysts derived from adult oocytes matured in prepubertal FF. Characterization of the @entity1 content of the FF used to supplement the maturation medium revealed that adult FF contained more @entity3 (42 v. 23 ng mL(-1); P < 0.005) and @entity5 (70 v. 16 ng mL(-1); P < 0.05) than prepubertal FF. In addition, the molar ratios of @entity3 to @entity5 , @entity5 to @entity0 and @entity5 to @entity2 differed (P < 0.05) between prepubertal and adult FF. The results support the hypothesis that a greater proportion of adult oocytes than of prepubertal oocytes has completed 'oocyte capacitation'. The differences in FF @entity1 content are indicative of the different follicular environments from which the prepubertal and adult oocytes were isolated, and may be attributed to the observed effects on oocyte developmental competence.

title: Relationship between donor animal age, follicular fluid @entity1 content and oocyte developmental competence in the XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The cellular mechanisms implicated in the @entity0 of seminiferous epithelium in ageing are currently under debate, although recent reports suggest that apoptosis may be the primary mechanism implicated in aged germ cell loss. Other investigators have suggested that changes in spermatogonial proliferation are also involved. In the present work, the changes in proliferation and apoptosis in the seminiferous epithelium of aged (24 months) @entity1 were examined in concert and compared with those in young (6 months) animals. Proliferation of germ cells was studied by @entity4 labelling and apoptosis was assessed by transmission electron microscopy and in situ TUNEL labelling. Aged animals showed a significant decrease in the numbers of total and proliferating spermatogonia plus preleptotene spermatocytes per unit volume and per testis and in the proliferative index (24.8 +/- 1.6%) compared with young animals (30.8 +/- 1.2%) (P < 0.05). The number of apoptotic spermatogonia plus spermatocytes per unit volume and the apoptotic index were significantly higher in aged animals (1.51 +/- 0.23% v. 0.77 +/- 0.04%; P < 0.05). Apoptosis was confirmed by morphological characteristics: condensation of the chromatin and nuclear fragmentation. In aged hamsters, @entity2 could be classified into several categories, showing an increase of apoptotic cells in tubular cross-sections characterized by @entity3 in comparison with all other types. Spermatogonial proliferation was also diminished as seen in tubular cross-sections showing hypospermatogenesis, sloughing off of germ cells and @entity3 . The results obtained in the present study suggest that the decrease in the proliferation of spermatogonia and the increase in apoptosis constitute two consecutive mechanisms correlated with the ageing of the seminiferous epithelium.

title: Effect of ageing on the proliferation and apoptosis of testicular germ cells in the XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The cellular mechanisms implicated in the @entity0 of seminiferous epithelium in ageing are currently under debate, although recent reports suggest that apoptosis may be the primary mechanism implicated in aged germ cell loss. Other investigators have suggested that changes in spermatogonial proliferation are also involved. In the present work, the changes in proliferation and apoptosis in the seminiferous epithelium of aged (24 months) @entity1 were examined in concert and compared with those in young (6 months) animals. Proliferation of germ cells was studied by @entity4 labelling and apoptosis was assessed by transmission electron microscopy and in situ TUNEL labelling. Aged animals showed a significant decrease in the numbers of total and proliferating spermatogonia plus preleptotene spermatocytes per unit volume and per testis and in the proliferative index (24.8 +/- 1.6%) compared with young animals (30.8 +/- 1.2%) (P < 0.05). The number of apoptotic spermatogonia plus spermatocytes per unit volume and the apoptotic index were significantly higher in aged animals (1.51 +/- 0.23% v. 0.77 +/- 0.04%; P < 0.05). Apoptosis was confirmed by morphological characteristics: condensation of the chromatin and nuclear fragmentation. In aged hamsters, @entity2 could be classified into several categories, showing an increase of apoptotic cells in tubular cross-sections characterized by @entity3 in comparison with all other types. Spermatogonial proliferation was also diminished as seen in tubular cross-sections showing hypospermatogenesis, sloughing off of germ cells and @entity3 . The results obtained in the present study suggest that the decrease in the proliferation of spermatogonia and the increase in apoptosis constitute two consecutive mechanisms correlated with the ageing of the seminiferous epithelium.

title: Effect of ageing on the proliferation and apoptosis of testicular germ cells in the @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A one-step method is described for the fluorometric determination of the activity of the enzyme catalase (EC 1.11.1.6.), based on the finding that @entity1 in the @entity4 - @entity0 system is consumed by catalase. This is accompanied by a large decrease in both fluorescence intensity and decay time. The limit of detection (LOD; at S/N=3) for catalase at 30 degrees C for a 10-min kinetic assay is 1.0 unit/mL, with a linear range from 1.0 to 10 unit/mL. At an incubation time of 30 min at 37 degrees C for a one-point assay, the LOD is 0.046 unit/mL, with a linear range from 46 to 400 munit/mL. The assay was performed on microtiterplates and is fully compatible with existing plate readers. It is a one-step, simple, and sensitive method suitable for both continuous kinetic and one-point detections, does not require the addition of other substrates, and works @entity2 (with an optimum at pH 6.9). The reagent has the typical spectral features of a @entity3 -ligand complex including a large Stokes shift (210 nm), a red line-like emission (centered at 616 nm), and a decay time in the microsecond domain. It is also the first @entity3 -based probe that is compatible with the 405-nm diode laser. In summary, the new assay provides distinct advantages over direct ultraviolet detection and over the two-reagent (peroxidase) method.

title: Determination of the activity of catalase using a XXXX -derived fluorescent substrate.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Previous studies showed that early environmental conditions severely affect the morphology of the granule cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus and pyramidal neurons in fields @entity2 and @entity3 . The aim of the present study was to determine whether early isolation affects neuron morphology in layer II of the entorhinal cortex, from which the perforant path to the dentate gyrus and @entity2 takes its origin. Male and female @entity0 were assigned at 6-7 days of age to either a control (social) or an isolated environment where they remained for 80-90 days. The brains were Golgi-Cox stained and neurons were sampled from layer II of the entorhinal cortex. Morphometric analysis was carried out on star cells, the most abundant neuron population. Isolated males had star cells with less dendritic branches, a shorter @entity1 and a smaller dendritic spine density than control males. In contrast, isolated females had more dendritic branches than control females, though this difference was of small magnitude. While isolated males had star cells with a smaller soma than control males, isolated females had a soma larger than control females. In both environments sex differences were found in the star cell morphology. In the control environment males had more dendritic branches, a greater @entity1 , a larger soma but a smaller spine density than females. In the isolated environment males had less branches, a shorter @entity1 , a smaller spine density and a smaller soma than females. The results indicate that early isolation affects the structure of the star cells in the entorhinal cortex and that males and females react to isolation in an opposite manner. A similar sexually dimorphic response to early isolation was previously observed in the dentate gyrus and fields @entity2 and @entity3 . The presence of widespread effects of isolation in the entorhinal cortex and numerous hippocampal structures suggests that the outcome of early isolation might be a change in learning and memory functions requiring the hippocampal region.

title: Effects of early isolation on layer II neurons in the entorhinal cortex of the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Progression of CKD toward @entity2 is heterogeneous. The @entity1 Risk Equation (KFRE) was developed to identify CKD @entity0 at high risk of @entity2 . We aimed to externally validate KFRE and to test whether the addition of predefined Duplex ultrasound markers - renal resistive index (RRI) or difference of resistive indices in spleen and kidney (DI-RISK) - improved @entity2 prediction. DESIGN, SETTING, @entity0 , _ MEASUREMENTS: The prospective Cardiovascular and Renal Outcome in CKD 2-4 @entity0 -The Fourth Homburg evaluation (CARE FOR HOMe) study recruits CKD stage G2-G4 @entity0 referred to a tertiary referral center for nephrologic care. Four hundred three CARE FOR HOMe @entity0 enrolled between 2008 and 2012 had available RRI measurements at study inclusion; they were subsequently followed for a mean of 4.4  1.6  years. This subcohort was used to validate KFRE and to assess the added value of the ultrasound markers (new models KFRE+RRI and KFRE+DI-RISK). Model performance was assessed by log-likelihood ratio test, c-statistic, integrated discrimination improvement metrics (for study @entity0 without subsequent @entity2 [IDI No @entity2 ] and for @entity0 with @entity2 [IDI @entity2 ]), and calibration plots. If either new model improved on KFRE, we determined to validate it in an independent cohort of 162 CKD @entity0 . RESULTS: KFRE predicted @entity2 in CARE FOR HOMe @entity0 with a c-statistic of 0.91 (95% confidence interval, 0.83 to 0.99). Adding RRI improved the KFRE model (P<0.001), and the KFRE+RRI model was well calibrated; however, the c-statistic (0.91 [0.83-1.00]) was similar, and overall sensitivity (IDI No @entity2 =0.05 [0.00-0.10]) or overall specificity (IDI @entity2 =0.00 [0.00-0.01]) did not improve. Adding DI-RISK did not improve the KRFE model. In the external validation cohort, we confirmed that the KFRE+RRI model did not outperform KFRE. CONCLUSIONS: Routine Duplex examinations among CKD @entity0 did not improve risk prediction for progression to @entity2 beyond a validated equation.

title: External Validation of the XXXX Risk Equation and Re-Calibration with Addition of Ultrasound Parameters.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The best initial approach to advanced airway management during out of hospital @entity1 (OHCA) is unknown. The traditional role of tracheal intubation has been challenged by the introduction of supraglottic airway devices (SGAs), but there is contradictory evidence from observational studies. We assessed the feasibility of a cluster-randomized trial to compare the i-gel SGA vs the laryngeal mask airway supreme (LMAS) vs current practice during OHCA. METHODS: We conducted a cluster-randomized trial in a single ambulance service in England, with individual paramedics as the unit of randomization. Consenting paramedics were randomized to use either the i-gel or the LMAS or usual practice for all @entity0 with non-traumatic adult OHCA, that they attended over a 12-month period. The primary outcome was study feasibility, including paramedic and @entity0 recruitment and protocol adherence. Secondary outcomes included survival to hospital discharge and 90 days. RESULTS: Of the 535 paramedics approached, 184 consented and 171 attended study training. Each paramedic attended between 0 and 11 @entity0 (median 3; interquartile range 2-5). We recruited 615 @entity0 at a constant rate, although the LMAS arm was suspended in the final two months following three adverse incidents. The study protocol was adhered to in 80% of @entity0 . @entity0 characteristics were similar in the three study arms, and there were no differences in secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION: We have shown that a prospective trial of alternative airway management strategies in OHCA, cluster randomized by paramedic, is feasible. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Registered on the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Registry ( ISRCTN: 18528625).

title: Randomised comparison of the effectiveness of the laryngeal mask airway supreme, i-gel and current practice in the initial airway management of out of hospital XXXX : a feasibility study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Freeze tolerant fish and insects in nature are able to survive subzero temperatures by noncolligatively lowering the freezing temperature of their body fluids using a family of thermal hysteresis proteins (antifreeze proteins, AFPs) specific for each species. Past efforts to cryopreserve @entity0 hearts using these proteins were unsuccessful. We report the first successful subzero cryopreservation of @entity1 hearts using fish derived antifreeze proteins with preservation of myocyte structure. METHODS: Heterotopic heart transplantations were performed in isoimmunic @entity1 . Donors' hearts were arrested using University of Wisconsin (UW) solution and preserved in UW solution containing @entity2 I (six experiments) or @entity2 III (six experiments) at concentrations of 15-20 mg/cc for 2-6 h at subzero temperatures ranging from -1.1 to -1.3 degrees C. Four control experiments were performed by preserving harvested hearts in UW solution alone at -1.3 degrees C for 6 h. In all experiments ice was added in the solution for crystallization. Heterotopic transplantations were performed in the abdomen of the recipient @entity1 . Viability was visually assessed and graded on a scale of 1 (poor contraction) to 6 (excellent contraction). The hearts were then fixed in vivo and processed for electron microscopy study. RESULTS: All hearts preserved at subzero temperatures using @entity2 I or @entity2 III survived displaying viability scores of 4-6 1 h after transplantation. Three of the four control hearts that were preserved at -1.3 degrees C without the protective effect of @entity2 froze and died upon reperfusion. Electron microscopy study of hearts preserved with @entity2 demonstrated preservation of myocyte structure and mitochondrial integrity. CONCLUSION: Subzero cryopreservation of @entity0 hearts for transplantation using @entity2 I or @entity2 III is feasible with preservation of myocyte structure and mitochondrial integrity.

title: Preservation of myocyte structure and mitochondrial integrity in subzero cryopreservation of XXXX hearts for transplantation using antifreeze proteins--an electron microscopy study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The poor survival of probiotic bacteria in commercial yogurts may limit their potential to exert health benefits in @entity0 . The objective was to improve the survival of bifidobacteria in fermented milk. Cocultivation with some strains of @entity4 ssp. lactis improved the survival of bifidobacteria in fermented milk during refrigerated storage. Studies on one strain, Lc. lactis ssp. lactis MCC866, showed that the concentrations of dissolved @entity1 were kept lower in the cocultivated fermented milk during storage compared with monocultured @entity6 BB536 or samples cocultured with another noneffective Lc. lactis ssp. lactis strain. Degradation of genomic DNA was suppressed in the cocultivating system with Lc. lactis ssp. lactis MCC866. Several genes that participated in protection from active @entity1 species (e.g., genes coding for @entity3 reductase and @entity5 transport system) were expressed at higher levels during refrigerated storage in Lc. lactis ssp. lactis MCC 866 compared with another noneffective Lc. lactis ssp. lactis strain. Concentration of free @entity2 ion was also lower in supernatants of fermented milk cocultivated with @entity6 BB536 and Lc. lactis ssp. lactis MCC866. These results suggest that Lc. lactis ssp. lactis MCC 866 is potentially superior in reducing @entity1 damage and consequently improves the survival of bifidobacteria in the cocultivating system. This cocultivation system is of industrial interest for producing fermented milk containing viable bifidobacteria with long shelf life.

title: Improved viability of bifidobacteria in fermented milk by cocultivation with XXXX subspecies lactis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Postpartum energy status is critically important to health and fertility, and it remains a major task to find suitable indicator traits for energy balance. Therefore, genetic parameters for daily energy balance (EB) and dry matter intake ( @entity1 ), weekly milk fat to protein ratio (FPR), and monthly body condition score (BCS) were estimated using random regression on data collected from 682 Holstein-Friesian primiparous @entity0 recorded between lactation d 11 to 180. Average energy-corrected milk (ECM), EB, @entity1 , BCS, and FPR were 32.0 kg, 9.6 MJ of NE(L), 20.3 kg, 2.95, and 1.12, respectively. Heritability estimates for EB, @entity1 , BCS, and FPR ranged from 0.03 to 0.13, 0.04 to 0.19, 0.34 to 0.59, and 0.20 to 0.54. Fat to protein ratio was a more valid measure for EB in early lactation than @entity1 , BCS, or single milk components. Correlations between FPR and EB were highest at the beginning of lactation [genetic correlation (r(g)) = -0.62 at days in milk (DIM) 15] and decreased toward zero. Dry matter intake was the trait most closely correlated with EB in mid lactation (r(g) = 0.73 at DIM 120 and 150). Energy balance in early lactation was negatively correlated to EB in mid lactation. The same applied to @entity1 . Genetic correlations between FPR across lactation stages were all positive; the lowest genetic correlation (0.55) was estimated between the beginning of lactation and early mid lactation. Hence, to improve EB at the beginning of lactation, EB and indicator traits need to be recorded in early lactation. We concluded that FPR is an adequate indicator for EB during the energy deficit phase. Genetic correlations of FPR with ECM, fat percentage, and protein percentage showed that a reduction of FPR in early lactation would have a slightly negative effect on ECM, whereas milk composition would change in a desirable manner.

title: Short communication: genetic relationships among daily energy balance, feed intake, body condition score, and fat to protein ratio of milk in dairy XXXX .

answer: @entity0