abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prevalence and reliability study of Modic changes (MCs) in the cervical spine. OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence and reliability of diagnosing and classifying MCs and their relationship to disc herniations (DHs) in the cervical spine. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity2 (Modic) changes in the spine can be seen on MRI with some evidence linking them to @entity1 . Many studies have been published on MCs in the lumbar spine, but only one small prevalence study focusing on MCs in the cervical spine has been reported. METHODS: The cervical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 500 @entity0 over the age of 50 were retrospectively evaluated for the prevalence, type, and location of MCs and DHs. Two hundred of these same scans were independently analyzed by a second observer to evaluate interobserver reliability of diagnosis with 100 re-evaluated by the same observer 1 month later to assess intraobserver reliability. The SPSS program and Kappa statistics were used to assess prevalence and reliability. The risk ratio comparison of DH and MC was calculated. RESULTS: Four hundred and twenty-six @entity0 (85.2%) met the inclusion criteria. MCs were observed in 40.4% of @entity0 (14.4% of all motion segments). A 4.3% were type 1 and 10.1% were type 2. DH were seen in 78.2% of @entity0 (13.3% of motion segments). Both MC and DH were most frequently observed at @entity3 . Disc extrusions were positively associated with MC (RR=2.4). The reliability showed an upper moderate interobserver (k=0.54) and an almost perfect intraobserver agreement (k=0.82). CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of MCs was observed with type 2 predominating. The @entity3 levels are most effected. @entity0 with MC are more likely to have a DH at the same level. MC type 2 predominates. The classification is reliable.

title: XXXX (modic) changes on cervical spine magnetic resonance imaging scans: prevalence, inter- and intra-examiner reliability and link to disc herniation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Pump failure, ranging from @entity1 to acute @entity5 , is now the leading cause of @entity2 . Efforts at temporary mechanical or pharmacologic support of the heart have been largely unsuccessful so that attention is now directed toward prevention of @entity1 and limitation of @entity3 size or even outright prevention of @entity4 itself. In particular, attention has been refocused on earlier reperfusion efforts with streptokinase. The effect of thrombolysis in acute @entity3 on enzymatic @entity4 size, left ventricular function and early mortality was studied in subsets of @entity0 in a randomized trial (Netherlands Interuniversity Cardiology Institute). Early thrombolytic therapy with intracoronary streptokinase (152 @entity0 ) or with intracoronary streptokinase preceded by intravenous streptokinase (117 @entity0 ) was compared with conventional treatment (264 @entity0 ). All 533 @entity0 were admitted to the coronary care unit within 4 hours after onset of symptoms indicative of acute @entity3 . Of the @entity0 eligible for this detailed analysis, 245 were allocated to thrombolytic therapy and 243 to conventional treatment. Early angiography was preformed in 212 of the 245 @entity0 allocated to thrombolytic therapy. Patency of the @entity4 was achieved in 181 @entity0 (85%). Enzymatic @entity4 size, measured from cumulative @entity6 dehydrogenase release, was smaller in @entity0 allocated to thrombolytic therapy (median 760 versus 1,179 U/liter in control subjects, p = 0.0001). Left ventricular ejection fraction measured by radionuclide angiography before discharge was higher after thrombolytic therapy (median 50% versus 43% in control subjects, p = 0.0001). Twelve month mortality was lower in @entity0 allocated to thrombolytic therapy (8% versus 16% in the control group, p less than 0.01). In multivariate regression analysis @entity4 size limitation, improvement of left ventricular ejection fraction and 3 month mortality were predicted by sigma ST, time from onset of symptoms to admission and Killip class at admission. Thrombolysis was most useful in @entity0 admitted within 2 hours after onset of symptoms and in @entity0 with a sigma ST segment of 1.2 mV or more. On the other hand, no beneficial effects of streptokinase on enzymatic @entity4 size, left ventricular function or mortality were observed in the subset of @entity0 with sigma ST less than 1.2 mV, admitted 2 to 4 hours after onset of symptoms.

title: Acute coronary artery obstruction in XXXX : overview of thrombolytic therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the surgical resection and reconstruction methods of @entity3 on the heel. METHODS: Between July 2007 and June 2009, 15 cases of @entity3 on the heel were treated. There were 9 males and 6 females, aged from 32 to 71 years with a mean age of 47.2 years. Of them, 13 @entity0 were initially treated, and 2 @entity0 received repair after local excision. Tumor thickness was from 0.6 mm to 7.2 mm, and the size of the lesion was from 1.3 cm x 0.5 cm to 5.0 cm x 3.5 cm. According to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage system, there were 1 case of IA, 2 cases of IB, 3 cases of IIA, 5 cases of IIB, 1 case of IIC, and 3 cases of III. Wide excision was performed in all cases. Defects were repaired by medial pedal skin flap (5 cases), lateral pedal skin flap (2 cases), and retrograde skin flap supplied by sural nutrition blood vessels (8 cases), and the flap size ranged from 7 cm x 5 cm to 12 cm x 8 cm. Inguinal lymph node dissection was performed in 3 @entity0 . Wounds of donor site were repaired by skin graft. RESULTS: One case had marginal @entity2 of lateral pedal skin flap and 2 cases had local @entity2 of medial pedal skin flap on the skin graft; the other flaps and skin grafts survived and incisions healed by first intention. All @entity0 were followed up from 12 to 36 months (mean, 21 months). Considering the recovery of the function and sense, the best result was acquired in the lateral pedal skin flap, followed by the medial pedal skin flap, and the poor result in the retrograde skin flap supplied by sural nutrition blood vessel. No @entity0 had local recurrence at follow-up. Five @entity0 had inguinal lymph node @entity1 , and 1 @entity0 died of lung @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Wide resection can provide satisfactory local control for @entity3 on the heel. Local flap can cover the wound safely, but the retrograde skin flap supplied by sural nutrition blood vessel has poor sensory recovery.

title: [Resection of XXXX on heel and reconstruction of defect].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2002, tight glycemic control (TGC) was mandated at Henry Ford Hospital (Detroit) to reduce surgical site infections (SSIs). THE FIVE STEPS FOR IMPROVEMENT: The TGC initiative was developed in terms of the five primary steps of the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI) framework for leadership for improvement to drive practice change and maintain continuous improvement. In terms of Steps 1-3 (set direction, establish the foundation, and build will), in April 2002 the chief executive officer of the Henry Ford Hospital (Detroit) announced a hospitalwide initiative to reduce SSIs. For steps 4 and 5 (generate ideas and execute change), the 40-bed @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was designated the practice-change setting. TGC protocols were implemented in cardiothoracic @entity0 , followed by all @entity2 @entity0 , with target @entity1 ranges moving from the initial < 150 mg/dL to 80-110 mg/dL. Results showed decreases in SSIs and mortality. The project's success led initiation of hospitalwide TGC in the next two years. RESPONDING TO A CHANGING EVIDENCE BASE: In 2009, as studies began to show that the recommended @entity1 target of 80-110 mg/dL was not associated with clinical improvement in ICU @entity0 and perhaps may cause harm (increased mortality), the target ranges were modified. LESSONS LEARNED: Barriers to adoption of new practice change must be integrated into the planning process. Leadership champions are required across multiple levels of the organization to drive change to the bedside for effective and lasting improvement. CONCLUSIONS: A universal TGC protocol continues to be used throughout the hospital, with modifications and next-generation improvements occurring as evidence arises.

title: A tight glycemic control initiative in a XXXX and hospitalwide.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 survivors are at life-time risk of developing @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Quantification of @entity3 has been problematic as the criteria used to identify @entity3 use various methods to assess changes in the volume of the affected limb. In part because of difficulties and variability in measurement and diagnosis, the reported incidence of @entity3 varies greatly among @entity1 treated with surgery and radiation for @entity0 . The goal of this research was to describe the trends for @entity3 occurrence over three points in time (12, 30, and 60 months) among @entity0 survivors using four diagnostic criteria based on three measurement techniques. @entity1 were enrolled following diagnosis of @entity0 but before surgery. Baseline limb volume and symptom assessment data were obtained. @entity1 were followed every 3 months for 12 months, then every 6 months thereafter for a total of 60 months. Limb volume changes (LVC) in both limbs were measured using three techniques: objectively by (a) circumferences at 4 cm intervals and (b) perometry and subjectively by (c) symptom experience via interview. Four diagnostic criteria for @entity3 most often reported in the literature were used: (i) 2 cm circumferential change; (ii) 200 mL perometry LVC; (iii) 10% perometry LVC; and (iv) @entity4 ( @entity4 ) report of limb heaviness and @entity2 , either 'now' or 'in the past year' (diagnostic criteria i-iii define increases/differences in limb volume from baseline and/or between the affected and non-affected limb). Standard survival analysis methods were applied to identify when the criteria corresponding to @entity3 were met. Trends in @entity3 occurrence are reported for preliminary analysis of data from 236 @entity1 collected at 6-, 12-, 18-, 24-, 30-, and 60-months post-op. At 60 months post-treatment, @entity3 incidence using the four criteria ranged from 43% to 94%, with 2 cm associated with the highest frequency for @entity3 occurrence and @entity4 the lowest. Sixty-month trends are compared to earlier trends at 12- and 30-months, per criterion. These preliminary findings provide additional evidence that @entity0 survivors are at risk for developing @entity3 beyond the first year following treatment. Cases of @entity3 continue to emerge through 60-months post- @entity0 surgery. This 60-month analysis supports the previous 12- and 30-month analyses in finding the 2 cm criteria to be the most liberal definition of @entity3 . The self-report of heaviness and @entity2 , along with 10% LVC, represent the most conservative definitions (41% and 45%, respectively). Furthermore, the variety of criteria used to identify @entity3 , along with the absence of baseline (pre-treatment) measurements, likely contribute to the wide range of @entity3 incidence rates reported in the literature.

title: XXXX : incidence increases from 12 to 30 to 60 months.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A study was conducted to evaluate 2 prophylactic @entity2 regimens in 18 @entity0 undergoing orthognathic surgery. The effects on the oral microflora were also studied. All @entity0 received 3 g @entity8 - @entity2 as infusion from the beginning of operation and then 3 g every 6th hour during 24 h. One group of 9 @entity0 then received 1 g @entity7 as oral suspension twice daily for 6 days postoperatively. The second group of 9 @entity0 received no further @entity2 . One @entity3 occurred in this second group, but the @entity0 was cured with @entity5 . 7 of the 9 @entity0 who received @entity2 for 1 week, showed pronounced decreases in the number of streptococci and micrococci. In the 9 other @entity0 who received only @entity6 for one day, much smaller changes in the aerobic microflora were observed. Colonization with different enterococci, enterobacteria or @entity4 was greater in the group receiving 1-week treatment. No major differences between the 2 groups of @entity0 , concerning the impact on the anaerobic microflora were observed. The results indicate that @entity6 is still a suitable prophylactic antibiotic in maxillofacial surgery. Extension of the antibiotic coverage to 1 week is doubtful because of the increased ecological risks. The clinical significance of anaerobes was obvious, as one @entity1 occurred caused by an anaerobic micro-organism.

title: Ecological effects of XXXX prophylaxis in orthognatic surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Pentax- @entity4 ( @entity4 (  )), a new video laryngoscope, has been shown to be useful in cases of difficult intubation. We hypothesized that the @entity4 (  ) would be more useful in the settings of a narrow upper airway than the Macintosh laryngoscope. We compared each device in simulated scenarios of representative difficulty of tracheal intubation using a manikin. The primary endpoint was the rate of successful intubation. METHODS: With each device, 23 anesthesiologists performed tracheal intubation in a SimMan(  ) manikin in the following scenarios: (1) normal airway, (2) @entity1 , (3) cervical @entity2 , (4) @entity3 , (5) jaw trismus, (6) @entity1 with @entity3 . The intubation time and success rate were measured. Each @entity0 was asked to rate the difficulty of intubation (1=very easy; 5=very difficult). RESULTS: In the scenarios of @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity3 , the @entity4 (  ) yielded a higher success rate (100% vs. 34.8%; P<0.001, 65.2% vs. 21.7%; P=0.006), a shorter intubation time [14.6 (7.0) vs. 33.4 (13.0) s; P<0.001, 24.5 (12.0) vs. 37.6 (11.9); P=0.047; mean (standard deviation)], and a lower difficulty score [2 (1-4) vs. 5 (1-5); P<0.001, 4 (2-5) vs. 5 (3-5); P<0.001; median (range)], compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope. CONCLUSION: The @entity4 (  ) has an advantage over the Macintosh laryngoscope in simulated @entity1 and @entity1 with @entity3 . Further studies in a clinical setting are necessary to confirm these findings.

title: Evaluation of the Pentax- XXXX (  ) and the Macintosh laryngoscope in difficult intubation: a manikin study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A pathological study was carried out on 124 cases of primary @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in Japan. Macroscopically the cases were divided into three groups; flat, polypoid, and ulcerative types. @entity1 were distinguished from advanced by the depth of infiltration. Histologically the commonest type was ML, immunoblastic (ML, ibl.). Most were high grade @entity0 , in terms of morphology. Lymph node involvement was found in 44 cases. Correlation between macroscopical appearance, histological diagnosis, stage and accompanying @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was studied. Three main prototypes of @entity2 were noted: The first was macroscopically ulcerative type, histologically high grade @entity0 and lacked @entity3 ; the second was mostly flat, ML, lymphoplasmacytic/lymphoplasmacytoid (ML, l-p.) or ML, ibl., associated with @entity3 , and arose from neoplastic proliferation of the interfollicular lymphoid cell in @entity3 (termed @entity2 of interfollicular type); the third was mostly flat, ML, centroblastic (ML, cbl.) or lymphoblastic (ML, lbl.), associated with @entity3 , and originated from neoplastic proliferation of the follicular center cell in @entity3 ( @entity2 of follicular type).

title: Primary XXXX in Japan.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A total of 17 @entity0 , 6 female and 11 male (age range 13 to 56 years), received high dose @entity5 for treatment of refractory acute @entity6 . @entity5 was given at 3 g/m2 twice daily for 6 days as a 1 infusion. 1 @entity0 (with induced @entity7 ) was treated directly, two after failure of a chemotherapy schedule containing the usual dose @entity5 , 12 for first relapse and 2 for subsequent relapse. Maximum follow up is 16 months. Beside hematological @entity1 , systemic tolerance was good with no neurological of cutaneous effects. Despite preventive corticoid eyewash, @entity4 occurred in 6 cases, mild and resolvable in 5 of them. The immediate results were as follows: 3 deaths during induction (18%); 6 failures (35%); 8 complete remissions (CR) (47%). After primary chemo-resistance (two cases) failure was always noted. In 3 cases, after less than 12 infusions had been given, 2 failures and 1 very short CR were noted. In 2 @entity0 , when @entity3 was added to @entity5 , we observed 1 @entity2 during induction and 1 failure. Of the @entity0 achieving CR 8 were treated by periodic courses with high dose @entity5 and 4 of them relapsed. The longest failure free duration was 11 months. Median survival duration of the 17 @entity0 is 5 months.

title: [ @entity5 in high doses in refractory acute XXXX . Apropos of 17 cases].

answer: @entity6


abstract: A total of 17 @entity0 , 6 female and 11 male (age range 13 to 56 years), received high dose @entity5 for treatment of refractory acute @entity6 . @entity5 was given at 3 g/m2 twice daily for 6 days as a 1 infusion. 1 @entity0 (with induced @entity7 ) was treated directly, two after failure of a chemotherapy schedule containing the usual dose @entity5 , 12 for first relapse and 2 for subsequent relapse. Maximum follow up is 16 months. Beside hematological @entity1 , systemic tolerance was good with no neurological of cutaneous effects. Despite preventive corticoid eyewash, @entity4 occurred in 6 cases, mild and resolvable in 5 of them. The immediate results were as follows: 3 deaths during induction (18%); 6 failures (35%); 8 complete remissions (CR) (47%). After primary chemo-resistance (two cases) failure was always noted. In 3 cases, after less than 12 infusions had been given, 2 failures and 1 very short CR were noted. In 2 @entity0 , when @entity3 was added to @entity5 , we observed 1 @entity2 during induction and 1 failure. Of the @entity0 achieving CR 8 were treated by periodic courses with high dose @entity5 and 4 of them relapsed. The longest failure free duration was 11 months. Median survival duration of the 17 @entity0 is 5 months.

title: [ XXXX in high doses in refractory acute @entity6 . Apropos of 17 cases].

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity2 tissue or mature peripheral nerves into the adult @entity0 central nervous system promotes axonal regrowth from axotomized central nervous system neurons; however, the cellular origin and molecular nature of the factors promoting axonal growth in vivo are unknown. To further characterize cellular environments that facilitate regeneration of central nervous system axons, we developed a methodology whereby cultured cell preparations can be transplanted into the brain of mature mammals. For this procedure, lesions are produced in the septal-hippocampal system of adult @entity1 , and selected regions from collagen-supported Schwann cell/neuron cultures (consisting of Schwann cells, extracellular matrix, and degenerating neuronal processes and myelin but devoid of neuronal perikarya and fibroblasts) are positioned within the intracephalic cavity so that they bridge the lesion gap (approximately 3 mm) separating the septum and hippocampus. At various time up to 3 weeks after transplantation, specimens were prepared for acetylcholinesterase histochemistry and the immunocytochemical localization of laminin (an extracellular matrix protein) and @entity4 (a Schwann cell membrane antigen). All specimens (from uninjured controls and from animals with either acellular collagen or mature Schwann cell/extracellular matrix transplants) contained laminin immunoreactivity associated with the meninges, @entity3 , and cerebral blood vessels. All animals with transplants showed prominent laminin staining on astrocytic processes along the intracephalic cavity, but only the Schwann cell/extracellular matrix transplants exhibited dense laminin and @entity4 immunoreactivity within the cellular portion of the transplants. Regeneration of acetylcholinesterase-positive septal fibers occurred only in animals containing Schwann cell/extracellular matrix transplants. By 6 days after transplantation, acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers were observed both on laminin-positive cellular tissue strands connecting the septum and the Schwann cell/extracellular matrix transplants and on the initial portions of the transplants. By day 14, acetylcholinesterase-positive fibers traversed the entire lesion cavity in intimate association with the laminin- and @entity4 -positive cellular layer of the transplants and reinnervated the host hippocampus. However, cholinergic fibers were not associated with all laminin-containing processes along the lesion cavity nor did they grow along acellular collagen transplants. These results indicate the presence of factors in transplants of cultured Schwann cells and their associated extracellular matrix that promote rapid regeneration of central nervous system cholinergic axons in vivo.

title: Transplants of Schwann cell cultures promote axonal regeneration in the adult XXXX brain.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 71 abortions after prenatal diagnosis of @entity0 have been performed between 1974 and 1983. Mean duration of pregnancy was 21 weeks, mean hospital stay 10 days. In 28 per cent an intraamnial prostaglandin induction was done, which was successful in 85 per cent. Extraamnial prostaglandin application was combined with @entity2 in 51 per cent, which was followed by abortion in 51 per cent within 26 hours. Primary hysterectomy was performed in 4 per cent and @entity1 of the membranes combined with @entity2 infusion in 6 per cent. Complication rate overall was 20 per cent. In 6 per cent the following complications have been observed: 1 perforation with lesion of intestine, 1 cervical @entity1 with @entity3 , 1 colpaporrhexis, 1 shock. Pelveoperitonitis and @entity1 of the symphysis pubis in one case each (3 per cent). Other complications, like fever, @entity3 and @entity4 have been observed in 11 per cent. Midtrimester abortion after prenatal diagnosis of @entity0 should be done only in experienced clinics. Special importance in prophylaxis of complications of abortion has chorion biopsy to predate prenatal diagnosis in the 6th till 12th gestational week.

title: [Abortion following prenatal diagnosis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The evolution of simple satellite DNAs was examined by DNA-DNA hybridization of ten @entity0 satellite sequences to DNAs of the sibling species, @entity3 and @entity2 . Seven of these repeat types are present in tandem arrays in @entity3 and each of the ten sequences is repeated in @entity2 . In thermal melts, six of the seven satellite sequences in @entity3 and seven of the ten sequences in @entity2 melted within 1 deg.C of the corresponding values in @entity0 . The remaining sequences melted within 3 deg.C of the homologous hybrids. Therefore, there is little or no alteration in those satellite sequences held in common, despite a period of about ten million years since the divergence of @entity0 and @entity3 from a common ancestor. Simple satellite sequences appear to be more highly conserved than coding regions of the genome, on a per @entity1 basis. Since multiple copies of three satellite sequences could not be detected in @entity3 yet are present in @entity2 , a species more distantly related to @entity0 than is @entity3 , these sequences show discontinuities in evolution. There were major quantitative variations between species, showing that satellite DNAs are prone to massive amplification or diminution events over timespans as short as those separating sibling species. In @entity0 , these sequences amount to 21% of the genome but only 5% in @entity3 and 0.4% in @entity2 . There was a general trend of lower abundance with evolutionary distance for most satellites, suggesting that the amounts of different satellite sequences do not vary independently during evolution.

title: Identical satellite DNA sequences in sibling species of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: World Health Organization (WHO) recommends antihypertensive therapy for mild to moderate @entity1 @entity0 after 3 or more visits. We tested the hypothesis that an ambulatory blood pressure recording could also help to decide which @entity0 need therapy. Blood pressure was measured in 89 essential, uncomplicated, @entity1 @entity0 (diastolic ( @entity5 ): 90-110 mmHg, mean age: 41 +/- 13 years), with a @entity2 sphygmomanometer at 3 visits and with an ambulatory blood pressure recorder (Spacelabs) during 12 hours. According to WHO recommendations, @entity0 were classified "WHO+" if they need a treatment (n = 44) and "WHO-" if they did not. The mean ambulatory @entity5 of each subject was compared to the arbitrary limit defined as the mean +2 standard deviations of the ambulatory @entity5 of a population of normotensive subjects in the same decade and same sex: @entity0 with ambulatory @entity5 above this limit were defined " @entity4 +" (n = 27), the others were " @entity4 -". Ten @entity0 were "WHO- @entity4 +" and 24 were "WHO+ @entity4 -". These discordances were independent of age, body weight, duration of @entity1 , @entity3 defined by the standard deviation. By contrast, the difference between the measurements of the simultaneous blood pressure measurements performed with the two methods ( @entity2 sphyngmomanometer and Spacelabs) 2 times by each @entity0 could explain in part these discrepancies. The Spacelabs underestimates @entity5 measured with the @entity2 sphyngmomanometer in @entity0 " @entity4 -" but not in @entity0 " @entity4 +".(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [The decision to treat moderate XXXX : repetition of office visits or ambulatory monitoring of arterial pressure?].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A panel of B lymphoid-reactive monoclonal antibodies was used to analyze the phenotypic changes that accompany B lymphocyte development in normal @entity0 bone marrow. The B lymphoid cells were identified using light scattering and the expression of @entity1 on a flow cytometer. Quantitative three-color immunofluorescence was then used to correlate other cell surface antigens on these cells identified as B lymphoid in normal marrow. @entity4 and @entity2 identified almost exclusive populations and provided a convenient means of discriminating between the less and more mature B lineage cells. The @entity4 + cells could be further subdivided using @entity3 . The population of @entity1 +, @entity4 +, @entity3 + cells comprised only 0.6% of marrow cells, but these contained the majority of @entity6 ( @entity6 +) cells. In the assessment of class II antigens, HLA-DR was expressed on all B lineage cells whereas HLA-DP preceded HLA-DQ in appearance during the developmental process. Among the later antigens expressed on B lineage cells, cell surface IgM, @entity2 , and HLA-DQ were expressed at essentially the same time. Cell surface @entity4 was lost at the time when @entity7 and @entity5 were acquired on the cell surface. These data illustrate that multiparameter flow cytometry can be used to define a continuous progression of stages of B lymphocyte development based on cell surface antigen expression even though these cells represent a minor fraction of normal marrow cells.

title: Flow cytometric analysis of XXXX bone marrow. II. Normal B lymphocyte development.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In the radiographic assessment of primary @entity2 , it is important for therapy planning to accurately define the extent of a @entity1 . Using a double spin-echo pulse sequence, the T1 and T2 relaxation times and relative @entity6 densities of several neoplastic tissues and of several normal tissues in four @entity0 were measured. @entity1 measured included one @entity4 , two @entity3 , and one @entity5 . Normal tissues measured included normal muscle, fat, and bone marrow. Using a mathematical model of the double spin-echo pulse sequence, the intensity difference between each @entity1 and each normal tissue for multiple values of TR and TE was calculated. These calculated intensity differences were then used to plot isodifference contour curves for each tissue pair. These plots enabled us to pick combinations of TR and TE that optimized the signal difference between @entity1 and normal tissue. When comparing @entity1 with predominantly fatty tissue such as marrow or subcutaneous fat, optimal signal difference in our imager occurred at a TR of 600 to 800 msec and a very short TE. When comparing @entity1 with muscle, optimal signal difference occurred with very long TR times, and TE times ranging from 30 to 90 msec. These preliminary results suggest that an optimal scanning protocol for primary @entity2 should contain at least two different pulse sequences with widely separated TR values (500 and 2000 msec in our instrument), and short to intermediate values of TE (28 and 56 msec in our instrument). It is believed that analysis of isodifference contour plots is a useful method for optimizing intensity differences between any two tissue types.

title: Theoretical considerations for optimizing intensity differences between primary XXXX and normal tissue with spin-echo magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Ultrastructure of perisomatic gliocytes and glio-neuronal interrelations were studied in celiac nodes in normal young (6 months) and old (28--30 months) @entity0 and at 45-days' @entity2 . Several variants on how deep gliocytes are situated in the perikaryon, their relation to neuronal processes, as well as the character of border-line membrane relations are described. It was stated that processes of gliocytes have varied relations with each other, with neuronal perikaryon, with neural fibres. In old animals some @entity3 were revealed in glio-neuronal complexes. At @entity2 a wide range of @entity3 in all structural elements in the nodes and destruction of some glio-neuronal complexes were observed. These changes were more evident in the old animals and at early stages, but by the end of the experiment they notably subsided. Simultaneously, some qualitative rearrangements of glio-neuronal interrelations took place: the relief of contacting membranes grew complex at the expense of interdirected small processes and deep invaginations of gliocytic processes into the neuronal perikaryon; the number of layers in the glial capsule increased as a result of @entity1 of perisomatic gliocytic processes migrating towards gliocytic neurons and lemmocytic processes. Variety of forms in the glio-neuronal interrelations evidence in favour of their high structural plasticity. At @entity2 , great resources of gliocytes to plastic transformations, of compensatory-adaptive importance are realized. In the celiac nodes of the old animals the adaptive rearrangements of the glio-neuronal interrelations developed more slowly and with less efficiency than in the young animals.

title: [Ultrastructure of glial-neuronal interrelationships in the celiac nodes of normal and hypokinetic XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Symmetrical @entity8 was found in 2% of 8000 computerized tomography (CT) scans. Of 19 cases, only 2 were detectable on conventional skull films. The less prominent @entity6 were most often found in the region of the pallidum, the knee of the internal capsule. Also, the lesions were generally symmetrical. Thus these factors must be considered basic morphological characteristics of the pathophysiological process. Additional @entity1 were present in 6 @entity0 . @entity1 in the remaining 13, when present, depended on the extent of the lesion. The most common finding was @entity3 , although disturbances of fine motor control, transient lateralizing signs, and @entity4 were also noted. No particular constellation of symptoms or signs permitted accurate clinical localization of the lesions. The @entity0 could be divided into three groups on the basis of clinical findings: (1) young @entity0 with marked @entity7 ('idiopathic' @entity8 ), (2) @entity0 with @entity2 , and (3) older @entity0 with relatively little @entity6 . Most @entity0 with @entity6 will be included in the third group. Any @entity8 detected by CT scans demands careful evaluation of @entity5 metabolism.

title: [Clinical, endocrinological, and computerized tomography scans for symmetrical XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity8


abstract: Two types of plasminogen activator (tissue-type, tPA; urokinase-type, @entity5 ) have been demonstrated in ovarian granulosa cells, but only tPA activity was found in denuded oocytes. Immature @entity1 were treated subcutaneously with 20 IU pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) to stimulate follicle maturation, followed 2 days later by an injection of 10 IU @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) to induce ovulation. Cellular plasminogen activator activities were determined by @entity4 ( @entity2 )- @entity3 gel electrophoresis followed by a fibrin-overlay technique. Cumulus-oocyte complexes from @entity1 before and after PMSG treatment contained low amounts of tPA, but not @entity5 , activity. After hCG treatment, tPA activity showed a time-dependent increase, reaching a maximum at 24 h after injection. At 12 and 24 h after hCG treatment, @entity5 activity was also detected. The appearance of high molecular weight lysis zones further suggested the formation of plasminogen activator-inhibitor complexes. Morphological analysis indicated that the increases in oocyte tPA activity were correlated with the extent of cumulus cell expansion and dispersion. In denuded oocytes, tPA activity also progressively increased during the periovulatory period to a maximum at 24 h after hCG treatment. In contrast, neither @entity5 activity nor activator-inhibitor complex was detected. Secretion of the proteases was measured in the conditioned media of cumulus-oocyte complexes cultured for 24 h in vitro. Substantial increases in tPA release were found in complexes obtained at 8 and 12 h after hCG injection, with lower secretion from complexes obtained at 24 h after hCG treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Plasminogen activator activity in cumulus-oocyte complexes of gonadotropin-treated XXXX during the periovulatory period.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The present study was done in order to examine the durability of the @entity1 -induced antimicrobial capacity, and also to assess the reproducibility of the bacterial growth-inhibitory assay used. Standardized enamel and dentin specimens were impregnated in aqueous solutions of @entity1 @entity6 , @entity5 @entity6 or @entity4 @entity6 , rinsed in water, and stored dry for 200 days. Another series of specimens was impregnated in solutions of @entity7 and then rinsed in tap water for varying periods up to 35 days. In addition, drug-impregnated specimens were used for reproducibility tests without storage or prolonged rinsing. Impregnated specimens were tested for antimicrobial capacity on agar plates seeded with @entity2 . After 24 h aerobic incubation in 10% @entity0 atmosphere, the plates were inspected and the diameter of the bacterial growth inhibition zones measured. The drug-impregnated enamel and dentin specimens consistently demonstrated growth-inhibitory capacity. The results of the reproducibility tests showed moderate intrasample and day-to-day variation. Two hundred days of dry storage or 35 days soaking in water reduced, but did not eliminate, the bacterial growth-inhibitory capacity of the impregnated dental specimens. The results show that a short-term exposure of dental hard tissues to @entity3 may result in a long-lasting antibacterial capacity.

title: XXXX -impregnated enamel and dentin: duration of antimicrobial capacity.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This is a resume of a @entity0 carried out by the American College of Surgeons in 1978. Four hundred and ninety-eight hospitals in 47 states, Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico participated, contributing a total of 24,136 female @entity1 with histologically confirmed @entity0 . In these @entity1 , five-year cure rates were 60.5% for clinically localized disease and 33.9% for regional disease. Five-year survival rates were 72.8% for localized disease and 49.1% for regional disease. From the 1960's into the early 1970's, there was a gradual shift away from radical mastectomy towards so-called modified radical mastectomy. In a group of @entity1 treated by either radical or modified mastectomies, the axillary nodal status, size of the @entity3 , and location of the @entity3 were examined in relation to the prognosis. In the study of number of metastatic nodes in the axilla, there were reduced cure and survival rates in @entity1 with one or more positive nodes as compared to those with negative axillary nodes. With the increase in the number of positive nodes, there was a continuing associated decline in survival and cure. The clinical size of the @entity3 also correlated well to the prognosis. With the increase in the size of the @entity3 , there was a gradual increase in the probability of axillary nodal involvement. However, in the group of @entity1 with @entity3 size smaller than 1 cm, axillary @entity2 occurred in 25%. When the axillary nodes were involved, the cure rate in those @entity1 was not significantly better than the rates for those with larger primary @entity3 in this study. @entity3 located in the medial half of the breast were associated with a slightly lower cure rate than those in the lateral half. Young @entity1 under 35 years of age had poorer survival and cure rates, although in @entity1 35-44 years of age, the five-year results were comparable to the older group of @entity1 . In blacks, @entity0 was diagnosed in a relatively more advanced stage than in whites. Survival and cure rates were generally lower for blacks, and such lower rates seem to be associated with the relatively advanced stage of the disease.

title: Management and survival of female XXXX : results of a national survey by the American College of Surgeons.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The use of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the clinical treatment of myeloid and @entity2 has been limited by severe host @entity1 to renewing tissues, particularly the intestinal mucosa. Since the drug is a potent inhibitor of @entity10 biosynthesis, the distributions of @entity6 and @entity8 decarboxylases and @entity5 pools have been characterized in the @entity0 intestinal mucosa in an attempt to discern the basis for MGBG @entity1 . A method of epithelial cell isolation in which fractions of cells are sequentially collected in a villus tip-to-crypt gradient was used. @entity6 decarboxylase activity was highest in the villus tip region and unexpectedly lowest in the crypts, while @entity8 decarboxylase activity showed the opposite pattern. Intracellular @entity5 pools were uniform along the gradient corresponding to the villus length and increased appreciably in the crypt region. The relative concentrations of the individual @entity4 were highest in the crypts, with @entity10 and @entity9 being nearly equivalent in all regions. Twenty-four hr after a single i.p. injection of MGBG (50 mg/kg), @entity8 decarboxylase activity increased markedly, especially in the crypt region (approximately 50-fold), while @entity6 decarboxylase activity also increased but to a lesser extent. @entity7 pools were most affected by MGBG and were elevated 5- to 6-fold, especially in the crypt region. The results are consistent with an alteration of @entity5 biosynthesis by MGBG being involved in the antiproliferative @entity1 of the drug.

title: XXXX and biosynthetic enzymes in the @entity0 intestinal mucosa and the influence of @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The use of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the clinical treatment of myeloid and @entity2 has been limited by severe host @entity1 to renewing tissues, particularly the intestinal mucosa. Since the drug is a potent inhibitor of @entity10 biosynthesis, the distributions of @entity6 and @entity8 decarboxylases and @entity5 pools have been characterized in the @entity0 intestinal mucosa in an attempt to discern the basis for MGBG @entity1 . A method of epithelial cell isolation in which fractions of cells are sequentially collected in a villus tip-to-crypt gradient was used. @entity6 decarboxylase activity was highest in the villus tip region and unexpectedly lowest in the crypts, while @entity8 decarboxylase activity showed the opposite pattern. Intracellular @entity5 pools were uniform along the gradient corresponding to the villus length and increased appreciably in the crypt region. The relative concentrations of the individual @entity4 were highest in the crypts, with @entity10 and @entity9 being nearly equivalent in all regions. Twenty-four hr after a single i.p. injection of MGBG (50 mg/kg), @entity8 decarboxylase activity increased markedly, especially in the crypt region (approximately 50-fold), while @entity6 decarboxylase activity also increased but to a lesser extent. @entity7 pools were most affected by MGBG and were elevated 5- to 6-fold, especially in the crypt region. The results are consistent with an alteration of @entity5 biosynthesis by MGBG being involved in the antiproliferative @entity1 of the drug.

title: @entity4 and biosynthetic enzymes in the @entity0 intestinal mucosa and the influence of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The use of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the clinical treatment of myeloid and @entity2 has been limited by severe host @entity1 to renewing tissues, particularly the intestinal mucosa. Since the drug is a potent inhibitor of @entity10 biosynthesis, the distributions of @entity6 and @entity8 decarboxylases and @entity5 pools have been characterized in the @entity0 intestinal mucosa in an attempt to discern the basis for MGBG @entity1 . A method of epithelial cell isolation in which fractions of cells are sequentially collected in a villus tip-to-crypt gradient was used. @entity6 decarboxylase activity was highest in the villus tip region and unexpectedly lowest in the crypts, while @entity8 decarboxylase activity showed the opposite pattern. Intracellular @entity5 pools were uniform along the gradient corresponding to the villus length and increased appreciably in the crypt region. The relative concentrations of the individual @entity4 were highest in the crypts, with @entity10 and @entity9 being nearly equivalent in all regions. Twenty-four hr after a single i.p. injection of MGBG (50 mg/kg), @entity8 decarboxylase activity increased markedly, especially in the crypt region (approximately 50-fold), while @entity6 decarboxylase activity also increased but to a lesser extent. @entity7 pools were most affected by MGBG and were elevated 5- to 6-fold, especially in the crypt region. The results are consistent with an alteration of @entity5 biosynthesis by MGBG being involved in the antiproliferative @entity1 of the drug.

title: @entity4 and biosynthetic enzymes in the XXXX intestinal mucosa and the influence of @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In 64 @entity0 for therapeutic abortion between the 17th to 26th week of pregnancy abortion was induced with a standardized two-step procedure. After priming of the cervix with intracervical application of @entity3 gel, labour was induced with extraamniotic PG-administration under epidural anaesthesia. The priming effect was demonstrated objectively in 10 @entity0 with a mechanical tonometer. @entity4 , @entity2 and @entity5 were used in the study. There were no significant differences in the total length of therapy (cervix priming time plus induction of labour to abortion interval) between the three groups of @entity0 . Except for 4 @entity0 who required an instrumental extraction of the fetus, abortion occurred in all the @entity0 within a total time of 30 hours (93.8%). The mean induction of labour to abortion interval was 8.3 hours (range: 1.0 to 17.3 hours) in all @entity0 and there was, again, no significant difference between the three groups. Epidural anaesthesia gave a painless induction of abortion in 60 out of 62 @entity0 , while 2 @entity0 required additional analgesics. In 2 @entity0 epidural anaesthesia was contraindicated. In contrast to the systemic administration of PG the incidence of gastrointestinal side effects was low (10.9%). In one case a @entity1 was observed due to a tenaculum laceration. Although there was no general antibiotic prophylaxis @entity6 occurred in only 3 cases (4.7%). The combination of intracervical PG gel for cervical priming, extraamniotic PG gel for labour induction and epidural anaesthesia presents a gentle and efficient method for the termination of pregnancy in the middle to late second trimester.

title: [Cervix ripening and labor induction in therapeutic abortion in the middle and late 2d trimester using intracervical and extra-amniotic XXXX gel administration].

answer: @entity3


abstract: A representative sample of 899 middle-aged urban Swedish @entity0 underwent a @entity1 interview on two occasions with 6 years between studies (waves). The point prevalence of all @entity1 was 39.9% at the first wave and 39.0% at the second. The corresponding one-year onset rates of all @entity1 were 18.0% and 14.2%. No significant differences were found between ages or between waves. Major @entity2 episodes accounted for about half of the @entity1 morbidity. Those @entity0 whose menopause started early were more often mentally impaired than others and they also tended to have been more often impaired even before the climacteric (ages 30-39). Menopause was not associated with any onset risk of @entity1 , but a relationship was found between this rate and the weighted sum of other life events. The latter association remained significant even when correction was made for age, social class and marital status. Divorced and the childless @entity0 ran an increased risk of developing a @entity1 with functional impairment in the 6-year period between the waves. @entity0 from the lower social classes evidenced an increased risk of contracting some @entity1 during the same period.

title: Mental health in the climacteric. The longitudinal study of XXXX in Gothenburg.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We retrospectively studied 82 consecutive @entity0 with idiopathic @entity1 accepted at two separate Renal Services. These @entity0 had @entity6 at presentation and had been followed up for at least 10 years. The duration of the disease before renal biopsy ranged between 1 and 18 months. Forty-nine @entity0 never received treatment (non-treated group) whereas 33 @entity0 (treated group) received @entity4 (and cytotoxic agents). The two groups were age and sex matched. There was no difference in clinical findings or in outcome between the two Renal Services. A complete and sustained remission of @entity5 was observed in about 25% of @entity0 , and there was a significant difference (P less than 0.01) between the treated and non-treated group (mean value 39.1% vs 14.3%). Forty-four per cent of the non-treated @entity0 and 24.2% of the treated ones developed @entity3 or @entity1 during a mean potential follow-up of 14 years. @entity1 was recorded in 19.5% of the @entity0 . The staging of the @entity2 represented a very important prognostic index. We confirm, therefore, that idiopathic @entity1 with @entity6 is frequently a progressive disease. @entity4 (and cytotoxic drugs) seem to be of some benefit in interfering with the natural course of the disease.

title: Long-term outcome of idiopathic XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We retrospectively studied 82 consecutive @entity0 with idiopathic @entity1 accepted at two separate Renal Services. These @entity0 had @entity6 at presentation and had been followed up for at least 10 years. The duration of the disease before renal biopsy ranged between 1 and 18 months. Forty-nine @entity0 never received treatment (non-treated group) whereas 33 @entity0 (treated group) received @entity4 (and cytotoxic agents). The two groups were age and sex matched. There was no difference in clinical findings or in outcome between the two Renal Services. A complete and sustained remission of @entity5 was observed in about 25% of @entity0 , and there was a significant difference (P less than 0.01) between the treated and non-treated group (mean value 39.1% vs 14.3%). Forty-four per cent of the non-treated @entity0 and 24.2% of the treated ones developed @entity3 or @entity1 during a mean potential follow-up of 14 years. @entity1 was recorded in 19.5% of the @entity0 . The staging of the @entity2 represented a very important prognostic index. We confirm, therefore, that idiopathic @entity1 with @entity6 is frequently a progressive disease. @entity4 (and cytotoxic drugs) seem to be of some benefit in interfering with the natural course of the disease.

title: Long-term outcome of idiopathic @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: A series of 18 @entity3 is reviewed. The ages of the 11 males and 7 females ranged from 11 to 65 years with a mean age of 37.4 years. The maxilla was involved in 10 cases whereas the mandible was the site of disease in 8 @entity0 . A widened periodontal space was an invariably present radiological feature in those @entity0 in whom the @entity2 involved the tooth-bearing area of the jaw. Treatment consisted of radical surgery with incidental radiotherapy or chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy. The local recurrence rate was 36% whereas the rate of @entity1 was 40%. A five year survival time free of disease was shown by 47%. Prognosis was found to be adversely influenced by a high age and a high grade of @entity2 as determined by counting mitoses. Features that distinguish @entity3 from @entity2 elsewhere in the skeleton are a higher mean age of occurrence, a lower rate of @entity1 , a longer period of time before clinical manifestation of @entity1 and a more favourable prognosis. Factors that could be responsible for this variation in behaviour are discussed.

title: XXXX . Analysis of 18 cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Attentional impairment is a core cognitive feature of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). However, little is known of the characteristics of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) distributions from attentional tasks. This is crucial to furthering our understanding of the profile and extent of cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) in @entity4 . METHOD: A computerized sustained attention task was administered to 138 healthy controls and 158 @entity0 with a @entity4 : 86 euthymic @entity1 , 33 @entity2 and 39 medication-free @entity2 @entity0 . Measures of IIV, including individual standard deviation (iSD) and coefficient of variation (CoV), were derived for each @entity0 . Ex-Gaussian (and Vincentile) analyses were used to characterize the @entity3 distributions into three components: mu and sigma (mean and standard deviation of the Gaussian portion of the distribution) and tau (the 'slow tail' of the distribution). RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, iSD was increased significantly in all @entity0 samples. Due to minimal changes in average @entity3 , CoV was only increased significantly in @entity2 @entity0 . Ex-Gaussian modelling indicated a significant increase in tau in euthymic @entity1 [Cohen's d = 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09-0.69, p = 0.011], and both sigma (d = 0.57, 95% CI 0.07-1.05, p = 0.025) and tau (d = 1.14, 95% CI 0.60-1.64, p < 0.0001) in @entity2 . The mu parameter did not differ from controls. CONCLUSIONS: Increased cognitive variability may be a core feature of @entity4 . This is the first demonstration of differences in attentional @entity3 distribution parameters between @entity2 and @entity1 , and @entity2 and euthymia. These data highlight the utility of applying measures of IIV to characterize neurocognitive variability and the great potential for future application.

title: Neurocognitive intra-individual variability in @entity4 : effects on attentional XXXX distributions.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Attentional impairment is a core cognitive feature of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). However, little is known of the characteristics of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) distributions from attentional tasks. This is crucial to furthering our understanding of the profile and extent of cognitive intra-individual variability (IIV) in @entity4 . METHOD: A computerized sustained attention task was administered to 138 healthy controls and 158 @entity0 with a @entity4 : 86 euthymic @entity1 , 33 @entity2 and 39 medication-free @entity2 @entity0 . Measures of IIV, including individual standard deviation (iSD) and coefficient of variation (CoV), were derived for each @entity0 . Ex-Gaussian (and Vincentile) analyses were used to characterize the @entity3 distributions into three components: mu and sigma (mean and standard deviation of the Gaussian portion of the distribution) and tau (the 'slow tail' of the distribution). RESULTS: Compared with healthy controls, iSD was increased significantly in all @entity0 samples. Due to minimal changes in average @entity3 , CoV was only increased significantly in @entity2 @entity0 . Ex-Gaussian modelling indicated a significant increase in tau in euthymic @entity1 [Cohen's d = 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09-0.69, p = 0.011], and both sigma (d = 0.57, 95% CI 0.07-1.05, p = 0.025) and tau (d = 1.14, 95% CI 0.60-1.64, p < 0.0001) in @entity2 . The mu parameter did not differ from controls. CONCLUSIONS: Increased cognitive variability may be a core feature of @entity4 . This is the first demonstration of differences in attentional @entity3 distribution parameters between @entity2 and @entity1 , and @entity2 and euthymia. These data highlight the utility of applying measures of IIV to characterize neurocognitive variability and the great potential for future application.

title: Neurocognitive intra-individual variability in XXXX : effects on attentional @entity3 distributions.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group evaluated @entity5 in 89 @entity0 with advanced refractory or relapsing multiple @entity4 . @entity5 was initially used as a single agent administered orally at 200 mg/m2/day for the first 3 weeks of each 4-week cycle. When this regimen proved to be ineffective, it was modified first by increasing the dose of @entity5 to 280 mg/m2/day and subsequently by adding @entity2 at 75 mg for the first 7 days of each 28-day cycle. None of the 39 @entity0 receiving @entity5 without @entity2 had an objective response, while two @entity0 had minimal objective improvement (25%-50% decrease in M protein with symptomatic improvement). Only 14% of these @entity0 had objective or symptomatic response or both. In contrast, @entity0 treated with @entity5 plus @entity2 had a 22% objective response rate, with another 14% showing lesser degrees of objective improvement. Fifty-one percent of the @entity0 treated with this regimen had either objective or symptomatic improvement or both. Severe (grade 3) @entity1 was seen in nearly two-thirds of the @entity0 on the higher-dose @entity5 regimens compared with 37% of the @entity0 receiving low-dose @entity5 ; however, in most instances this represented rapidly reversible @entity3 . Because all but one of the @entity0 responding to @entity5 plus @entity2 had experienced previous treatment failure on regimens containing @entity2 in similar dose and schedules, it is unlikely that the responses are due to @entity2 alone. Instead, this study suggests that the activity of @entity5 in multiple @entity4 is dependent on the concomitant administration of @entity2 and that the combination regimen appears to be synergistic.

title: Contribution of XXXX to the effectiveness of @entity5 in multiple @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group evaluated @entity5 in 89 @entity0 with advanced refractory or relapsing multiple @entity4 . @entity5 was initially used as a single agent administered orally at 200 mg/m2/day for the first 3 weeks of each 4-week cycle. When this regimen proved to be ineffective, it was modified first by increasing the dose of @entity5 to 280 mg/m2/day and subsequently by adding @entity2 at 75 mg for the first 7 days of each 28-day cycle. None of the 39 @entity0 receiving @entity5 without @entity2 had an objective response, while two @entity0 had minimal objective improvement (25%-50% decrease in M protein with symptomatic improvement). Only 14% of these @entity0 had objective or symptomatic response or both. In contrast, @entity0 treated with @entity5 plus @entity2 had a 22% objective response rate, with another 14% showing lesser degrees of objective improvement. Fifty-one percent of the @entity0 treated with this regimen had either objective or symptomatic improvement or both. Severe (grade 3) @entity1 was seen in nearly two-thirds of the @entity0 on the higher-dose @entity5 regimens compared with 37% of the @entity0 receiving low-dose @entity5 ; however, in most instances this represented rapidly reversible @entity3 . Because all but one of the @entity0 responding to @entity5 plus @entity2 had experienced previous treatment failure on regimens containing @entity2 in similar dose and schedules, it is unlikely that the responses are due to @entity2 alone. Instead, this study suggests that the activity of @entity5 in multiple @entity4 is dependent on the concomitant administration of @entity2 and that the combination regimen appears to be synergistic.

title: Contribution of @entity2 to the effectiveness of XXXX in multiple @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group evaluated @entity5 in 89 @entity0 with advanced refractory or relapsing multiple @entity4 . @entity5 was initially used as a single agent administered orally at 200 mg/m2/day for the first 3 weeks of each 4-week cycle. When this regimen proved to be ineffective, it was modified first by increasing the dose of @entity5 to 280 mg/m2/day and subsequently by adding @entity2 at 75 mg for the first 7 days of each 28-day cycle. None of the 39 @entity0 receiving @entity5 without @entity2 had an objective response, while two @entity0 had minimal objective improvement (25%-50% decrease in M protein with symptomatic improvement). Only 14% of these @entity0 had objective or symptomatic response or both. In contrast, @entity0 treated with @entity5 plus @entity2 had a 22% objective response rate, with another 14% showing lesser degrees of objective improvement. Fifty-one percent of the @entity0 treated with this regimen had either objective or symptomatic improvement or both. Severe (grade 3) @entity1 was seen in nearly two-thirds of the @entity0 on the higher-dose @entity5 regimens compared with 37% of the @entity0 receiving low-dose @entity5 ; however, in most instances this represented rapidly reversible @entity3 . Because all but one of the @entity0 responding to @entity5 plus @entity2 had experienced previous treatment failure on regimens containing @entity2 in similar dose and schedules, it is unlikely that the responses are due to @entity2 alone. Instead, this study suggests that the activity of @entity5 in multiple @entity4 is dependent on the concomitant administration of @entity2 and that the combination regimen appears to be synergistic.

title: Contribution of @entity2 to the effectiveness of @entity5 in multiple XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of key laboratory and race/ethnicity data on the prediction of in-hospital mortality for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). DATA SOURCES: Hawaii adult hospitalizations database between 2009 and 2011, linked to laboratory database. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional design was employed to develop risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality models among @entity0 with @entity2 (n = 5,718) and @entity1 (n = 5,703). DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Results of 25 selected laboratory tests were requested from hospitals and laboratories across the state and mapped according to Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes standards. The laboratory data were linked to administrative data for each discharge of interest from an all-payer database, and a Master @entity0 Identifier was used to link @entity0 -level encounter data across hospitals statewide. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Adding a simple three-level summary measure based on the number of abnormal laboratory data observed to hospital administrative claims data significantly improved the model prediction for inpatient mortality compared with a baseline risk model using administrative data that adjusted only for age, gender, and risk of mortality (determined using 3M's All @entity0 Refined Diagnosis Related Groups classification). The addition of race/ethnicity also improved the model. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the incorporation of a simple summary measure of laboratory data and race/ethnicity information to improve predictions of in-hospital mortality from @entity2 and @entity1 . Laboratory data provide objective evidence of a @entity0 's condition and therefore are accurate determinants of a @entity0 's risk of mortality. Adding race/ethnicity information helps further explain the differences in in-hospital mortality.

title: Risk-Adjusted In-Hospital Mortality Models for XXXX and Acute @entity1 : Value of Clinical Laboratory Data and Race/Ethnicity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of key laboratory and race/ethnicity data on the prediction of in-hospital mortality for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). DATA SOURCES: Hawaii adult hospitalizations database between 2009 and 2011, linked to laboratory database. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional design was employed to develop risk-adjusted in-hospital mortality models among @entity0 with @entity2 (n = 5,718) and @entity1 (n = 5,703). DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Results of 25 selected laboratory tests were requested from hospitals and laboratories across the state and mapped according to Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes standards. The laboratory data were linked to administrative data for each discharge of interest from an all-payer database, and a Master @entity0 Identifier was used to link @entity0 -level encounter data across hospitals statewide. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Adding a simple three-level summary measure based on the number of abnormal laboratory data observed to hospital administrative claims data significantly improved the model prediction for inpatient mortality compared with a baseline risk model using administrative data that adjusted only for age, gender, and risk of mortality (determined using 3M's All @entity0 Refined Diagnosis Related Groups classification). The addition of race/ethnicity also improved the model. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study support the incorporation of a simple summary measure of laboratory data and race/ethnicity information to improve predictions of in-hospital mortality from @entity2 and @entity1 . Laboratory data provide objective evidence of a @entity0 's condition and therefore are accurate determinants of a @entity0 's risk of mortality. Adding race/ethnicity information helps further explain the differences in in-hospital mortality.

title: Risk-Adjusted In-Hospital Mortality Models for @entity2 and Acute XXXX : Value of Clinical Laboratory Data and Race/Ethnicity.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In vivo model systems in @entity3 research that authentically reproduce @entity1 growth are still sparse. While orthotopic implantation is technically difficult, particularly in the @entity2 , most models favor subcutaneous @entity1 growth. This however provides little information about natural @entity1 growth behavior and @entity1 stroma interaction. Furthermore, established @entity3 cell lines grown as in vivo xenografts are not able to reflect the variety of @entity1 specific growth patterns and growth behavior in @entity0 . Primary cell cultures are difficult to handle and an induction of @entity1 has not been successful yet. Therefore, a tumorgraft model using @entity1 tissue from prostatectomy specimens was developed. METHODS: Balb/c @entity2 were used to graft fresh @entity3 tissue by renal subcapsular and orthotopic implantation. @entity4 was supplemented. Animals were tracked by means of 30   MHz ultrasound to monitor @entity1 engraftment and growth. Autopsy, histology, PSA measurements as well as immunostaining and PCR for @entity0 tissue were performed to confirm @entity1 growth. RESULTS: Renal subcapsular engraftment was seen in 2 of 3 @entity2 . Orthotopic engraftment was observed in 7 of 11 animals (63.6%) with an overall engraftment of 5 out of 9 @entity0 specimens (55.6%). Ultrasound confirmed the @entity1 growth over time. Of interest, the tumorgrafts not only retained essential features of the parental @entity1 , but also stained positive for @entity1 specific markers such as AR, PSA, and @entity5 . Tumor positive animals showed highly elevated serum PSA levels with confirmation of a @entity0 specific PCR sequence and a @entity0 endothelial cell lining in the @entity1 vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Standardized implantation of fresh @entity1 tissue in @entity2 prostates generates tumorgrafts with histological properties of organ-confined @entity3 . These tumorgrafts display a new approach for an optimized in vivo model of @entity3 and will allow further investigations on specific pathways of @entity1 initiation and progression as well as therapeutic response. Prostate 75:1526-1537, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Orthotopic tumorgrafts in @entity2 : A new method to study @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: In vivo model systems in @entity3 research that authentically reproduce @entity1 growth are still sparse. While orthotopic implantation is technically difficult, particularly in the @entity2 , most models favor subcutaneous @entity1 growth. This however provides little information about natural @entity1 growth behavior and @entity1 stroma interaction. Furthermore, established @entity3 cell lines grown as in vivo xenografts are not able to reflect the variety of @entity1 specific growth patterns and growth behavior in @entity0 . Primary cell cultures are difficult to handle and an induction of @entity1 has not been successful yet. Therefore, a tumorgraft model using @entity1 tissue from prostatectomy specimens was developed. METHODS: Balb/c @entity2 were used to graft fresh @entity3 tissue by renal subcapsular and orthotopic implantation. @entity4 was supplemented. Animals were tracked by means of 30   MHz ultrasound to monitor @entity1 engraftment and growth. Autopsy, histology, PSA measurements as well as immunostaining and PCR for @entity0 tissue were performed to confirm @entity1 growth. RESULTS: Renal subcapsular engraftment was seen in 2 of 3 @entity2 . Orthotopic engraftment was observed in 7 of 11 animals (63.6%) with an overall engraftment of 5 out of 9 @entity0 specimens (55.6%). Ultrasound confirmed the @entity1 growth over time. Of interest, the tumorgrafts not only retained essential features of the parental @entity1 , but also stained positive for @entity1 specific markers such as AR, PSA, and @entity5 . Tumor positive animals showed highly elevated serum PSA levels with confirmation of a @entity0 specific PCR sequence and a @entity0 endothelial cell lining in the @entity1 vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Standardized implantation of fresh @entity1 tissue in @entity2 prostates generates tumorgrafts with histological properties of organ-confined @entity3 . These tumorgrafts display a new approach for an optimized in vivo model of @entity3 and will allow further investigations on specific pathways of @entity1 initiation and progression as well as therapeutic response. Prostate 75:1526-1537, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Orthotopic tumorgrafts in XXXX : A new method to study @entity0 @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In vivo model systems in @entity3 research that authentically reproduce @entity1 growth are still sparse. While orthotopic implantation is technically difficult, particularly in the @entity2 , most models favor subcutaneous @entity1 growth. This however provides little information about natural @entity1 growth behavior and @entity1 stroma interaction. Furthermore, established @entity3 cell lines grown as in vivo xenografts are not able to reflect the variety of @entity1 specific growth patterns and growth behavior in @entity0 . Primary cell cultures are difficult to handle and an induction of @entity1 has not been successful yet. Therefore, a tumorgraft model using @entity1 tissue from prostatectomy specimens was developed. METHODS: Balb/c @entity2 were used to graft fresh @entity3 tissue by renal subcapsular and orthotopic implantation. @entity4 was supplemented. Animals were tracked by means of 30   MHz ultrasound to monitor @entity1 engraftment and growth. Autopsy, histology, PSA measurements as well as immunostaining and PCR for @entity0 tissue were performed to confirm @entity1 growth. RESULTS: Renal subcapsular engraftment was seen in 2 of 3 @entity2 . Orthotopic engraftment was observed in 7 of 11 animals (63.6%) with an overall engraftment of 5 out of 9 @entity0 specimens (55.6%). Ultrasound confirmed the @entity1 growth over time. Of interest, the tumorgrafts not only retained essential features of the parental @entity1 , but also stained positive for @entity1 specific markers such as AR, PSA, and @entity5 . Tumor positive animals showed highly elevated serum PSA levels with confirmation of a @entity0 specific PCR sequence and a @entity0 endothelial cell lining in the @entity1 vessels. CONCLUSIONS: Standardized implantation of fresh @entity1 tissue in @entity2 prostates generates tumorgrafts with histological properties of organ-confined @entity3 . These tumorgrafts display a new approach for an optimized in vivo model of @entity3 and will allow further investigations on specific pathways of @entity1 initiation and progression as well as therapeutic response. Prostate 75:1526-1537, 2015.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Orthotopic tumorgrafts in @entity2 : A new method to study XXXX @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mechanical loading of @entity3 can damage the articular cartilage surface and may lead to @entity1 . It is unknown if, independent of load, frequency alone can cause failure in cartilage. This study investigated the variation of articular cartilage surface damage under frequencies associated with normal, above normal and traumatic loading frequencies. METHOD: Cartilage on bone, obtained from @entity0 shoulder joints, was tested. Damage was created on the cartilage surface through an indenter being sinusoidally loaded against it at loading frequencies of 1, 10 and 100  Hz (i.e., relevant to normal, above normal and up to rapid heel-strike rise times, respectively). The frequencies were applied with a maximum load in the range 60-160  N. Surface cracks were marked with India ink, photographed and their length measured using image analysis software. RESULTS: Surface damage increased significantly (P  <  0.0001) with frequency throughout all load ranges investigated. The @entity2 of @entity4 , c, on frequency, f, could be represented by, [Formula: see text] where A  =  0.006      0.23, B  =  0.62      0.23 and D  =  0.38      0.51  mm (mean      standard deviation). CONCLUSION: The increase in @entity4 with loading frequency indicated that, increased loading frequency can result in cartilage becoming damaged. The results of this study have implications in the early stages of @entity1 .

title: Effect of the variation of loading frequency on surface failure of XXXX articular cartilage.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to analyze changes in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) distribution, intrahepatic lipids (IHL), and @entity3 resistance (IR) among a group of @entity1 adolescents undergoing a 7-months low-level lifestyle intervention. Thirty-nine @entity1 Caucasian adolescents (mean age 13.9  years, body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDSLMS) 2.14) were included. @entity2 and IHL were determined by T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and single-voxel MR spectroscopy; IR was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). The lifestyle intervention led to a reduction of both BMI-SDSLMS ( @entity0 2.27 to 2.17; @entity0 2.00 to 1.82) and HOMA-IR ( @entity0 6.1 to 4.4 (p   =   0.008); @entity0 6.2 to 4.7 (p   =   0.030)). IHL dropped in both genders ( @entity0 7.5 to 4.3  %; @entity0 4.6 to 3.4  %) positively correlating with HOMA-IR ( @entity0 r   =   0.52; @entity0 r   =   0.68), while in contrast @entity2 did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Although the lifestyle intervention only slightly reduced BMI-SDSLMS, @entity3 sensitivity improved in both genders and came along with a marked @entity4 . This suggests that IHL might play the dominant role regarding @entity3 resistance in the youth, especially if compared to other @entity2 compartments such as @entity2 . What is Known:     MR imaging/spectroscopy can be used to evaluate body fat distribution and intrahepatic lipids in the youth.     The strength of associations between body fat compartments and @entity3 resistance is under scientific debate. What is New:     The study emphasizes that even a low-level lifestyle intervention has a beneficial effect.     The study suggests that intrahepatic lipids are an important factor in the development of @entity3 resistance.

title: Changes in whole-body fat distribution, intrahepatic lipids, and @entity3 resistance of XXXX adolescents during a low-level lifestyle intervention.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to analyze changes in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) distribution, intrahepatic lipids (IHL), and @entity3 resistance (IR) among a group of @entity1 adolescents undergoing a 7-months low-level lifestyle intervention. Thirty-nine @entity1 Caucasian adolescents (mean age 13.9  years, body mass index standard deviation score (BMI-SDSLMS) 2.14) were included. @entity2 and IHL were determined by T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and single-voxel MR spectroscopy; IR was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR). The lifestyle intervention led to a reduction of both BMI-SDSLMS ( @entity0 2.27 to 2.17; @entity0 2.00 to 1.82) and HOMA-IR ( @entity0 6.1 to 4.4 (p   =   0.008); @entity0 6.2 to 4.7 (p   =   0.030)). IHL dropped in both genders ( @entity0 7.5 to 4.3  %; @entity0 4.6 to 3.4  %) positively correlating with HOMA-IR ( @entity0 r   =   0.52; @entity0 r   =   0.68), while in contrast @entity2 did not change significantly. CONCLUSIONS: Although the lifestyle intervention only slightly reduced BMI-SDSLMS, @entity3 sensitivity improved in both genders and came along with a marked @entity4 . This suggests that IHL might play the dominant role regarding @entity3 resistance in the youth, especially if compared to other @entity2 compartments such as @entity2 . What is Known:     MR imaging/spectroscopy can be used to evaluate body fat distribution and intrahepatic lipids in the youth.     The strength of associations between body fat compartments and @entity3 resistance is under scientific debate. What is New:     The study emphasizes that even a low-level lifestyle intervention has a beneficial effect.     The study suggests that intrahepatic lipids are an important factor in the development of @entity3 resistance.

title: Changes in whole-body fat distribution, intrahepatic lipids, and XXXX resistance of @entity1 adolescents during a low-level lifestyle intervention.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The sorption behavior of the herbicide @entity2 ( @entity4 ) to three different artificial soil mixtures was investigated. Artificial soils serve as model systems for improving understanding of sorption phenomena. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The soils consisted of @entity1 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity3 , and charcoal. In a previous study, several selected mixtures had been inoculated with organic matter, and microbial aging (incubation) had been performed for different periods of time (3, 12, and 18  months) before conducting the sorption experiments. The effect of this pre-incubation time on the sorption behavior was determined. Interaction of MCPA with soil surfaces was monitored by aqueous phase sorption experiments, using high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet and in selected cases Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The sorption behavior showed large differences between differently aged soils; Freundlich and linear sorption model fits (with sorption constants K f , 1/n exponents, and K d values, respectively) were given for pH   =   3 and the unbuffered pH of    7. The largest extent of sorption from diluted solutions was found on the surfaces with a pre-incubation time of 3  months. Sorption increased at acidic pH values. CONCLUSIONS: Regarding the influence of aging of artificial soils, the following conclusions were drawn: young artificial soils exhibit stronger sorption at lower concentrations, with a larger K f value than aged soils. A correlation with organic @entity0 content was not confirmed. Thus, the sorption characteristics of the soils are more influenced by the aging of the organic @entity0 than by the organic @entity0 content itself.

title: Differences in sorption behavior of the herbicide XXXX on artificial soils as a function of soil pre-aging.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Depth EEG recordings were carried out in 16 @entity0 with clinical and EEG evidence of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ), in attempts to identify a surgically-resectable focus. Structures explored included the mesial temporal (amygdaloid) areas, the orbito-frontal cortex, the superior parasagittal cortex, and in three cases @entity2 . All @entity0 showed disordered and slow background activity in depth leads. Slow spike-waves were prominent in orbito-frontal and parasagittal frontal areas, but were generally reflected as well in surface frontal leads. Runs of rapid spikes were recorded in 7 @entity0 , again mainly in deep frontal leads. Independent interictal spikes were observed in 9 @entity0 , chiefly from one or both amygdaloid areas. Ictal events were recorded in 9 @entity0 . Frontal lobes were most often involved at the start, and a few cases showed origin of apparently generalized surface activity beginning unilaterally in @entity1 . None of the identified interictal nor ictal foci were sufficiently dominant to justify local surgical resection. Frontal bilateral synchrony, when present, was adequately visualized by noninvasive surface EEG recording. Depth electroencephalography in our hands therefore has a very limited role in evaluation of @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Depth EEG studies in the XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Fourteen @entity0 were examined between 3 weeks and 11 years after implantation of an aortobifemoral vascular graft with 111In labelled leukocytes isolated with discontinuous gradient centrifugation. The camera acquisition was performed with a three phase technique (acquisitions at 30 min, 4 h and 24 h p.i.). The presence and extent of a graft or perigraft @entity2 including complicating @entity3 could be correctly diagnosed in six of eight @entity0 with surgically proven @entity2 . Leukocyte uptake index was calculated as 1.77 +/- 0.4 (30 min p.i.) and 2.4 +/- 0.7 (24 h p.i.). All @entity2 could be diagnosed by 30 min p.i., @entity3 only could be seen 24 h p.i. In two of eight @entity0 , false positive results were observed. These @entity0 suffered from suspected perigraft @entity5 and noninfected aortic graft @entity4 . Both had a negative 30 min scan and a slight uptake in the late scans comparable to bone marrow activity. Six @entity0 with @entity1 of unknown origin showed true negative scans. There were no false negative scans. We conclude that only the leukocyte scan can diagnose the presence and the extent, including @entity3 , of vascular graft @entity2 . The three phase technique is recommended to localize the blood pool in the 30 min scan and to diagnose complications 24 h p.i. In cases of a negative 30 min scan and positive 4 h and 24 h scans, false positive results should be suspected. All @entity2 have a leukocyte uptake index higher than 1.2.

title: The 111In-granulocyte scan in prosthetic vascular graft XXXX : imaging technique and results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Female birds may adjust their offspring phenotype to the specific requirements of the environment by differential allocation of physiologically active substances into yolks, such as @entity2 . Yolk @entity2 have been shown to accelerate embryonic development, growth rate and competitive ability of nestlings, but they can also entail immunological costs. The balance between costs and benefits of @entity0 allocation is expected to depend on nestling environment. We tested this hypothesis in a multibrooded passerine, the spotless starling, Sturnus unicolor. We experimentally manipulated yolk @entity0 levels using a between-brood design and evaluated its effects on nestling development, survival and immune function. Both in first and replacement broods, the embryonic development period was shorter for @entity0 -treated chicks than controls, but there were no differences in second broods. In replacement broods, @entity0 -treated chicks were heavier and larger than those hatched from control eggs, but this effect was not observed in the other breeding attempts. @entity0 exposure reduced survival with respect to controls only in second broods. Regarding immune function, we detected nonsignificant trends for @entity0 treatment to activate two important components of innate and adaptive immunity ( @entity1 and @entity3 levels, respectively). Similarly, @entity0 -treated chicks showed greater lymphocyte proliferation than controls in the first brood and an opposite trend in the second brood. Our results indicate that yolk @entity0 effects on nestling development and immunity depend on the environmental conditions of each breeding attempt. Variation in maternal @entity0 allocation to eggs could be explained as the result of context-dependent optimal strategies to maximize offspring fitness.

title: Context-dependent effects of yolk XXXX on nestling growth and immune function in a multibrooded passerine.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The use of cross-sectional imaging is important to characterise @entity1 [ @entity1 ] activity, extent, and location and to exclude complications, regardless of symptoms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of routine use of sonography in the management of @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 49 @entity0 with @entity2 were prospectively evaluated. Clinical symptoms (Harvey-Bradshaw Index [HBI]), disease character, serological markers of inflammation [C-reactive protein], and endoscopic evaluation were collected and reviewed by two independent @entity1 -specialty physicians. Clinical decisions regarding management were recorded. A separate, blinded physician then performed bowel ultrasound [US] and graded disease activity:] as inactive, mild, or active. A second blinded physician read and graded a sub-set of the US images. Clinical decisions of both @entity1 -physicians after US were independently recorded. Changes in clinical management following US information and inter-rater agreement on US disease activity parameters were evaluated. The concordance between US, CRP and clinical symptoms [HBI] were analysed. Follow-up data after US evaluation were collected. RESULTS: Clinical decisions were changed after ultrasound assessment in 30/49 [60%] and 28/48 [58%] of cases, for each physician respectively [p < 0.0001 for each]. Many [59%] of the @entity0 seen in clinic were asymptomatic with an HBI of 3 or less [n = 29]; however, 52% [n = 15] of these had active disease found on US, resulting in alterations in clinical management. The agreement in overall score between the US reviewers was good,    = 0.749 [0.5814, 0.9180], p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS: Clinic-based point of care US can play a significant role in guiding therapeutic management and is an important adjunct to routine clinical and laboratory assessment.

title: Clinic-based Point of Care Transabdominal Ultrasound for Monitoring XXXX : Impact on Clinical Decision Making.

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONTEXT: Hyperglucagonemia is a characteristic feature of type 2 @entity1 (T2DM) that has been postulated to be due to beta-cell dysfunction and the resultant loss of insulin-mediated alpha-cell suppression. When administered in early T2DM, short-term @entity3 ( @entity3 ) can improve beta-cell function, resulting in reduced glycemic variability. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of @entity3 on hyperglucagonemia, and its associations with beta-cell function and glycemic variability. Design/Setting/ @entity0 /Intervention: Sixty-two @entity0 with T2DM of mean 3.0  2.1 years duration and A1c 6.8  0.7% underwent 4 weeks of @entity3 , consisting of basal detemir and pre-meal insulin aspart. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Glucagon response was measured by area-under-the-glucagon-curve (AUCglucagon) on oral @entity2 tolerance test at baseline and one day post- @entity3 . Beta-cell function before and after @entity3 was assessed by Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 (ISSI-2) and   ISR0-120/  @entity2 0-120*Matsuda index (where ISR is the prehepatic insulin secretion rate determined by C-peptide deconvolution). @entity2 variability was assessed in both the first and last week by the coefficient of variation of capillary @entity2 on daily 6-point self-monitoring profiles. RESULTS: Both ISSI-2 and   ISR0-120/  @entity2 0-120*Matsuda index demonstrated improvement in beta-cell function following @entity3 (both p <=0.02), accompanied by reduced glycemic variability (p=0.05). There was a marked reduction in AUCglucagon following @entity3 , as compared to baseline (p<0.001). However, the decrease in AUCglucagon was not associated with the change in either beta-cell measure (both p>= 0.34) or in @entity2 variability (p=0.37). CONCLUSIONS: Short-term @entity3 can reduce post-challenge hyperglucagonemia in early T2DM but this effect does not appear to be due to improved beta-cell function.

title: Effect of Short-term Intensive Insulin Therapy on Post-challenge Hyperglucagonemia in Early Type 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To identify morphologic factors affecting aortic expansion in @entity0 with uncomplicated type B aortic dissections. METHODS: Computed tomography data of 24 @entity0 (18 male; median age: 61 years), diagnosed with acute uncomplicated type B aortic dissections between 2002 and 2013, were retrospectively reviewed. All @entity0 had at least two computed tomography angiography scans and six months of uneventful follow-up. Computed tomography scans were assessed by two independent readers with regard to presence and number of entry tears. @entity2 and abdominal aortic diameters were derived using image processing software. RESULTS: Twenty-two of 24 @entity0 showed aortic expansion over a median computed tomography angiographic follow-up of 33.2 months. Annual rates showed an increase of 1.7   mm for total aortic diameter, 2.1   mm for the false and a decrease of -0.4   mm for the true lumen. In three @entity0 (12.5%), aortic diameter exceeded 60   mm during follow-up, and all three @entity0 underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair. @entity0 with a maximum aortic diameter <4   cm at baseline showed a significantly higher expansion rate compared to cases with an initial maximum aortic diameter of >= 4   cm (p=0.0471). A median of two entries (range: 1-5) was recognized per @entity0 . Presence of more than two entry tears (n   =   13) was associated with faster overall diameter expansion (mean annual rates: 2.18   mm vs. 1.16   mm; p   =   0.4556), and decrease of the cross-sectional surface of the true lumen over time (annual rate for   >   2 entries vs.  <=2 entries: -7.8   mm(2) vs. +37.5   mm(2); p   =   0.0369). Median size of entry tears was 12   mm (range: 2-53   mm). CONCLUSIONS: The results presented herein suggest that uncomplicated @entity3 @entity0 with more than two entry tears and/or an initial maximum aortic diameter of<4 cm are at risk for @entity1 and, therefore, may require stricter follow-up including the possible need for early intervention.

title: Morphologic predictors of aortic expansion in chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: 98 perforated @entity5 are studied. The overall mortality rate is low (8 per cent), but much higher in elderly, debilitated @entity0 (42 per cent), who must undergo surgery immediately. The time elapsed between the last meal and the onset of @entity1 between the onset of @entity1 and admission to the hospital have no direct influence on the immediate results. These depend especially on the clinical status of the @entity0 on admission and on the quality of repeated clinical examinations. The early criteria for necessity of surgical treatment (20 per cent) are determined; the prognosis is not worse if the operation is performed after a few hours of @entity4 . Immediate success does not eliminate the risk of @entity2 (5 per cent). The aim of Taylor's method is treatment of possibly lethal perforation: treatment of the @entity3 is carried out later after a complete clinical workup. "Acute" @entity3 are treated medically, "chronic" ones by radical surgery. 28 out of 43 @entity0 treated medically and followed up on the average 6 years later have a good or very good result. This study confirms the usefulness of Taylor's method in the treatment of perforated @entity3 because this method is simple, and often successful (70 per cent). By Taylor's method, followed by a properly managed medical treatment, a large number of @entity0 definitely avoid surgical treatment.

title: [The Taylor method in the treatment of perforated XXXX : is it really obsolete?].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Natural immunity to dust mite (Dermatophagoides farinae) antigen was assessed in a population of 63 adults with a clinical diagnosis of @entity1 . Immunity was determined by measuring immediate hypersensitivity to an intracutaneous injection of dust mite antigen, mite-specific serum IgG concentrations using a double antibody ELISA, and mite-specific serum IgE concentrations by RAST. Using these tests, 68% of the @entity2 @entity0 exhibited a positive skin test; 38% had elevated concentrations of mite-specific IgE, and 63% had elevated concentrations of mite-specific IgG. In contrast, when analyzed individually, these tests were positive in only 10 to 11% of normal subjects or @entity0 with @entity3 . Only 10% of asthmatics had elevated serum concentrations of mite-specific antibodies of the IgG4 subclass. The @entity2 @entity0 could be subdivided into 4 groups based on their immunologic reactivity to dust mites; 24% of the @entity0 had elevated concentrations of mite-specific IgG in the absence of allergic reactivity to mites (skin test). A second subgroup (27%) exhibited allergic reactivity in the absence of elevated concentrations of mite-specific serum IgG. A third subgroup (41%) consisted of @entity0 who exhibited both allergic reactivity and elevated IgG concentrations. The smallest subgroup (8%) consisted of @entity0 with no measurable immunity to mites. In total, 94% of the @entity2 group exhibited a positive immune response to at least one of the dust-mite-specific tests, whereas only 26% of the normal subjects could be considered to be immune using the criteria of a positive reaction in at least 1 of the 3 tests.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Natural immunity to dust mites in adults with XXXX . I. Mite-specific serum IgG and IgE.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Antral biopsies were obtained to detect @entity2 infection in 382 @entity0 referred for gastroscopy. One hundred and seventy four @entity0 (46%) were infected. Infection was strongly associated with histological @entity3 (p less than 0.001), but there was no association between histological antral @entity3 and the appearance of the gastric antrum during gastroscopy. Because it has been suggested that the lower relapse rate for duodenal @entity1 following colloidal @entity5 (CBS) is due to suppression of @entity2 we investigated different formulations and dosing of CBS for their efficacy in clearing @entity2 . Seventy four infected @entity0 were prospectively assigned to therapy with @entity4 (11 @entity0 ) or one of four regimens of CBS; one swallow tablet 4 times a day (11 @entity0 ); two swallow tablets twice daily (16 @entity0 ); two buffered swallow tablets twice daily (14 @entity0 ); or two chew tablets twice daily (22 @entity0 ). All @entity0 treated with @entity4 and one CBS swallow tablet 4 times a day were still infected after treatment. Infection was not detected in 16 @entity0 taking twice daily doses of CBS; 8 (50%), 3 (21%) and 5 (23%) @entity0 taking two standard, buffered or chew tabs twice daily respectively. Improvement of histological @entity3 was observed only in those @entity0 apparently cleared of @entity2 (p less than 0.01) and this was due to a decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Nine @entity0 apparently cleared of the infection were rebiopsied 44-137 days following treatment and 6 (66%) were found again to be infected. This study suggests that suppression of @entity2 may vary with the formulation and dosing of CBS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment of XXXX @entity3 : a pilot study using @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and three formulations of colloidal @entity5 ( @entity5 ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: Antral biopsies were obtained to detect @entity2 infection in 382 @entity0 referred for gastroscopy. One hundred and seventy four @entity0 (46%) were infected. Infection was strongly associated with histological @entity3 (p less than 0.001), but there was no association between histological antral @entity3 and the appearance of the gastric antrum during gastroscopy. Because it has been suggested that the lower relapse rate for duodenal @entity1 following colloidal @entity5 (CBS) is due to suppression of @entity2 we investigated different formulations and dosing of CBS for their efficacy in clearing @entity2 . Seventy four infected @entity0 were prospectively assigned to therapy with @entity4 (11 @entity0 ) or one of four regimens of CBS; one swallow tablet 4 times a day (11 @entity0 ); two swallow tablets twice daily (16 @entity0 ); two buffered swallow tablets twice daily (14 @entity0 ); or two chew tablets twice daily (22 @entity0 ). All @entity0 treated with @entity4 and one CBS swallow tablet 4 times a day were still infected after treatment. Infection was not detected in 16 @entity0 taking twice daily doses of CBS; 8 (50%), 3 (21%) and 5 (23%) @entity0 taking two standard, buffered or chew tabs twice daily respectively. Improvement of histological @entity3 was observed only in those @entity0 apparently cleared of @entity2 (p less than 0.01) and this was due to a decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Nine @entity0 apparently cleared of the infection were rebiopsied 44-137 days following treatment and 6 (66%) were found again to be infected. This study suggests that suppression of @entity2 may vary with the formulation and dosing of CBS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment of @entity2 XXXX : a pilot study using @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and three formulations of colloidal @entity5 ( @entity5 ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: Antral biopsies were obtained to detect @entity2 infection in 382 @entity0 referred for gastroscopy. One hundred and seventy four @entity0 (46%) were infected. Infection was strongly associated with histological @entity3 (p less than 0.001), but there was no association between histological antral @entity3 and the appearance of the gastric antrum during gastroscopy. Because it has been suggested that the lower relapse rate for duodenal @entity1 following colloidal @entity5 (CBS) is due to suppression of @entity2 we investigated different formulations and dosing of CBS for their efficacy in clearing @entity2 . Seventy four infected @entity0 were prospectively assigned to therapy with @entity4 (11 @entity0 ) or one of four regimens of CBS; one swallow tablet 4 times a day (11 @entity0 ); two swallow tablets twice daily (16 @entity0 ); two buffered swallow tablets twice daily (14 @entity0 ); or two chew tablets twice daily (22 @entity0 ). All @entity0 treated with @entity4 and one CBS swallow tablet 4 times a day were still infected after treatment. Infection was not detected in 16 @entity0 taking twice daily doses of CBS; 8 (50%), 3 (21%) and 5 (23%) @entity0 taking two standard, buffered or chew tabs twice daily respectively. Improvement of histological @entity3 was observed only in those @entity0 apparently cleared of @entity2 (p less than 0.01) and this was due to a decrease in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Nine @entity0 apparently cleared of the infection were rebiopsied 44-137 days following treatment and 6 (66%) were found again to be infected. This study suggests that suppression of @entity2 may vary with the formulation and dosing of CBS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment of @entity2 @entity3 : a pilot study using @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and three formulations of colloidal XXXX ( @entity5 ).

answer: @entity5