abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: For @entity1 , treatment options include external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), radical prostatectomy (RP), and brachytherapy (BT). @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a common side-effect. Our aim was to evaluate penile @entity2 ( @entity2 ) before and after BT, EBRT, or RP using a validated self-administered quality-of-life survey from a prospective registry. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis included 478 @entity0 undergoing RP (n   =   252), EBRT (n   =   91), and BT (n   =   135) with at least 1 year of follow-up and @entity2 documented using IIEF-5 scores at baseline, 6 weeks, 6 months, 1 year, and annually thereafter. RESULTS: Differences among treatments were most pronounced among @entity0 with no or mild initial @entity2 (IIEF-5   >=    17). Overall, corrected for baseline @entity2 and age, BT was associated with higher IIEF-5 scores than RP (+   7.8 IIEF-5 score) or EBRT (+   3.1 IIEF-5 score). EBRT was associated with better IIEF-5 scores than RP (+   4.7 IIEF-5 score). In @entity0 undergoing EBRT or RP with bilateral nerve sparing (NS), recovery of @entity2 was observed and during follow-up, the differences to BT were not statistically significant. Overall age had a negative impact on @entity2 preservation (corrected for baseline IIEF). CONCLUSION: In our series, @entity2 was adversely affected by each treatment modality. Considered overall, BT provided the best @entity2 preservation in comparison to EBRT or RP.

title: Erectile function following brachytherapy, external beam radiotherapy, or radical prostatectomy in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical and functional outcome following the reconstruction of chronic @entity3 using the contralateral bone-tendon-bone (BTB) autograft. METHODS: The records of seven @entity0 who underwent reconstruction of chronic @entity3 with contralateral patellar BTB were retrospectively reviewed. Chronic tears were defined as a minimum of 3  months from injury to initial clinical evaluation. Clinical assessments included range of motion of the knee, Tegner, Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score and a radiographic analysis of patellar height (Caton-Deschamps index). @entity2 and @entity1 strength at last follow-up were reported. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity0 undergoing surgery was 33 (  10.5) years with a mean follow-up of 41.3 (  29.7) months. Reconstruction surgery was performed at an average of 16  months (3-60  months) after the injury. 86  % of the @entity0 had a normal patella height with mean of patellar height of 1.5 (  0.2) in preoperative radiographs and of 1.2 (  0.07) on postoperative evaluation (p  =  0.0136). The mean IKDC was 45.5 (  10.8) before surgery and 64.5 (  12.4) at the last follow-up (p  =  0.0001), and Lysholm score was 45.4 (  11.3) and 79 (  11.8), respectively (p  =  0.0001). The median Tegner activity scale preinjury was 6 (range 5-7), preoperatively was 1 (range 1-2) and 4 (range 2-5) postoperatively (p  =  0.0001). All @entity0 had @entity1 wasting with a difference in thigh girth between the injured side and healthy side of 3.6      0.7  cm (ns). No surgical complications were encountered. CONCLUSIONS: In this limited cohort, surgical reconstruction of chronic @entity3 using contralateral bone-tendon-bone graft was a safe and viable option that improves clinical and functional outcomes compared to presurgical function. However, despite the restoration of a normal patellar height, function did not return to preinjury level.

title: Reconstruction of chronic XXXX with contralateral bone-tendon-bone autograft.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are few reports comparing the variety and frequency of @entity3 between @entity0 with a major clinical leak requiring emergency abdominal reoperation and those with a minor leak diagnosed from clinical signs and managed expectantly without reoperation. This study examined the association between severity of leakage and 18 other @entity3 , @entity2 , and length of postoperative hospital stay. STUDY DESIGN: Data were drawn from a comprehensive, prospective hospital registry of 1,507 @entity1 resections involving an anastomosis from January 1995 to December 2006. Differences were evaluated by two-tailed Fisher's exact test, Student's t-test, or Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Leaks occurred in 54 @entity0 (3.6%; 95% CI, 2.7% to 4.7%), comprising 21 major (1.4%; 95% CI, 0.9% to 2.1%) and 33 minor leaks (2.2%; 95% CI, 1.5% to 3.2%). @entity0 with a leak were significantly (p < 0.01) more likely than those without to have 11 of 18 other surgical and medical complications considered, although with few differences in complication rates between those with major and minor leaks. As compared with @entity0 without leak, those with a leak (major or minor) had several of these complications rather than just one (p < 0.001) and greatly prolonged hospital stay (p < 0.001). Postoperative mortality was higher after major leaks than after minor leaks (4 of 21 and 0 of 33, respectively, p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONS: A minor leak is not trivial. Apart from the fact that major clinical leakage necessitates urgent reoperation, there were few other differences between major and minor clinical leaks in the frequency of other complications.

title: Is a minor clinical anastomotic leak clinically significant after resection of XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Point-of-care tests for @entity1 (CT) and gonorrhoea (NG) could increase the uptake and timeliness of testing and treatment, contribute to improved disease control and reduce reproductive morbidity. The GeneXpert (Xpert CT/NG assay), suited to use at the point-of-care, is being used in the TTANGO randomised controlled trial (RCT) in 12 remote Australian health services with a high burden of sexually transmissible infections (STIs). This represents the first ever routine use of a molecular point-of-care diagnostic for STIs in primary care. The purpose of this study was to explore the acceptability of the GeneXpert to primary care staff in remote Australia. METHODS: In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 16 staff (registered or enrolled nurses and Aboriginal Health Workers/Practitioners) trained and experienced with GeneXpert testing. Interviews were digitally-recorded and transcribed verbatim prior to content analysis. RESULTS: Most @entity0 displayed positive attitudes, indicating the test was both easy to use and useful in their clinical context. @entity0 indicated that point-of-care testing had improved management of STIs, resulting in more timely and targeted treatment, earlier commencement of partner notification, and reduced follow up efforts associated with client recall. Staff expressed confidence in point-of-care test results and treating @entity0 on this basis, and reported greater job satisfaction. While point-of-care testing did not negatively impact on client flow, several found the manual documentation processes time consuming, suggesting that improved electronic connectivity and test result transfer between the GeneXpert and @entity0 management systems could overcome this. Managing positive test results in a shorter time frame was challenging for some but most found it satisfying to complete episodes of care more quickly. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of a RCT, health professionals working in remote primary care in Australia found the GeneXpert highly acceptable. These findings have implications for use in other primary care settings around the world.

title: "I Do Feel Like a Scientist at Times": A Qualitative Study of the Acceptability of Molecular Point-Of-Care Testing for XXXX and Gonorrhoea to Primary Care Professionals in a Remote High STI Burden Setting.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 is a major cause of @entity1 worldwide. Since it has no known toxin, the ability of trophozoites to colonise the @entity0 small intestine is required for its pathogenesis. Mitosis in this protozoan parasite is a unique challenge because its two equivalent nuclei and complex cytoskeleton must be duplicated and segregated accurately. @entity3 is a complex and rapid event that is poorly understood at the cellular and molecular levels. Higher eukaryotes have one to three members of the highly conserved Ser/Thr aurora kinase (AK) family that regulate key aspects of mitosis and cytokinesis. Giardia has a single AK orthologue (gAK) with 61% similarity to @entity0 @entity4 . In addition to the conserved active site residues, activation loop and destruction-box motifs characteristic of AKs, gAK contains a unique insert near the active site region. We epitope-tagged gAK at its C-terminus and expressed it under its own promoter. During interphase, gAK localises exclusively to the nuclei, but is not phosphorylated as shown by lack of staining with an antibody specific to phosphorylated @entity4 (pAK). In contrast, during mitosis pAK localises to the basal bodies/centrosomes and co-localises with tubulin to the spindle. During specific stages of mitosis, giardial pAK also localised dynamically to cytoskeletal structures unique to Giardia: the paraflagellar dense rods of the anterior flagella and the median body, whose functions are unknown, as well as to the parent attachment disc. Two AK inhibitors significantly decreased giardial growth and increased the numbers of cells arrested in cytokinesis. These inhibitors appeared to increase microtubule nucleation and cell-ploidy. Our data show that gAK is phosphorylated in mitosis and suggest that it plays an important role in the Giardia cell cycle. The pleiotropic localisation of AK suggests that it may co-ordinate the reorganisation and segregation of tubulin-containing structures in mitosis. We believe this is the first report of a signalling protein regulating cell division in Giardia.

title: XXXX aurora kinase: a regulator of mitosis in a binucleate parasite.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In this work, we evaluate the performance of liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry (LC-APPI-MS) for non-aqueous reversed phase analysis of six @entity0 model compounds using six binary mobile phases including @entity2 /iPr @entity1 , @entity2 / @entity5 , @entity2 / @entity4 , @entity3 /iPr @entity1 , @entity3 / @entity5 , and @entity3 / @entity4 . All mobile phases give comparably good separation performance on a Gemini C(18) column with carefully adjusted gradient elution programs. APPI sensitivity varies from one mobile phase to the other without dopants; however use of dopants brings sensitivity to comparable levels for all mobile phases. @entity2 /iPrOH offers high sensitivity without dopants due to self-doping effect and dopants are not necessary for this mobile phase. Dopants enhance analyte sensitivity to a varying degree for each of the mobile phases tested. Photo-induced chemical ionization (PCI) of solvent may play a significant role in achieving high sensitivity. Two critical parameters affecting sensitivity are photoabsorption cross-sections and ionization potentials of mobile phase solvents. How these mobile phase solvents affect APPI sensitivity and their dependency on dopant use are discussed. All six mobile phases offer comparable overall limits of detection for the analytes tested. These results indicate that LC-APPI-MS is a successful tool for neutral lipid analysis, giving high sensitivity with a variety of non-aqueous mobile phases.

title: Liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure photoionization-mass spectrometry analysis of XXXX lipids--effects of mobile phases on sensitivity.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of either oral contraceptives or antiandrogens has been shown to be helpful in the treatment of @entity0 with acne. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the safety and efficacy of acne treatment using both @entity2 and a combined contraceptive containing @entity4 . METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity0 with either severe papular or nodulocystic facial acne were treated with a combined oral contraceptive containing 30 mug @entity3 and 3 mg @entity4 (EE/ @entity6 ; Yasmin) and @entity2 (SL) 100 mg taken daily. A serum @entity1 level was obtained before initiation of therapy. Between 4 and 6 weeks after the start of both medications, a second serum @entity1 level was obtained. Side effects were recorded. RESULTS: No significant elevation of serum @entity1 was found in any of the subjects nor were there any reported additional side effects significant enough to discontinue treatment. At follow up, 85% of subjects were entirely clear of acne lesions or had excellent improvement, 7.4% were mildly improved, and 7.4% were not improved. LIMITATIONS: This was a small prospective study. CONCLUSION: The combination of EE/ @entity6 mg daily appears to have efficacy and is well tolerated in the treatment of severe papular and @entity5 in @entity0 .

title: Efficacy and tolerance of acne treatment using both XXXX and a combined contraceptive containing @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of either oral contraceptives or antiandrogens has been shown to be helpful in the treatment of @entity0 with acne. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the safety and efficacy of acne treatment using both @entity2 and a combined contraceptive containing @entity4 . METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity0 with either severe papular or nodulocystic facial acne were treated with a combined oral contraceptive containing 30 mug @entity3 and 3 mg @entity4 (EE/ @entity6 ; Yasmin) and @entity2 (SL) 100 mg taken daily. A serum @entity1 level was obtained before initiation of therapy. Between 4 and 6 weeks after the start of both medications, a second serum @entity1 level was obtained. Side effects were recorded. RESULTS: No significant elevation of serum @entity1 was found in any of the subjects nor were there any reported additional side effects significant enough to discontinue treatment. At follow up, 85% of subjects were entirely clear of acne lesions or had excellent improvement, 7.4% were mildly improved, and 7.4% were not improved. LIMITATIONS: This was a small prospective study. CONCLUSION: The combination of EE/ @entity6 mg daily appears to have efficacy and is well tolerated in the treatment of severe papular and @entity5 in @entity0 .

title: Efficacy and tolerance of acne treatment using both @entity2 and a combined contraceptive containing XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has opened important perspectives on the pathophysiological bases and potential targets of treatment strategies for @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Studies have been mainly focusing on motor cortical inhibitory phenomena. However, differences in @entity0 and methods caused several discrepancies, particularly on the so-called @entity2 ( @entity2 ). We wanted to challenge such controversies by studying early, drug-na  ve @entity0 , and by reproducing the original method that detected a pathologic @entity2 in @entity1 . We studied the motor potentials evoked in the first dorsal interosseous muscle on the more and the less @entity1 side of the body in 18 asymmetrical untreated @entity1 @entity0 in the early stages of their disease. We had 12 healthy controls. The TMS variables were the active motor threshold, the size of the motor-evoked potential, the cortical silent period and @entity2 . Average active motor threshold was similar in @entity0 and controls, but its variability was significantly higher among @entity0 (P<0.05). There was a trend for the cortical silent period to be shorter on the more affected side of the @entity0 (P=0.1). @entity0 , especially on their more affected side, exhibited a late @entity2 peak, which was absent among controls (P<0.05). This effect was independent of the silent period duration. However, @entity0 and controls having a short silent period also had a shorter @entity2 (P<0.05). Changes in @entity2 had a strong trend to correlate to the severity of the @entity1 signs (P=0.1). Thus, the present study definitely reinforced several previous TMS findings in @entity1 as a feature of the "pure" disease pathophysiology. The pathologic enhancement of late @entity2 can act as a candidate physiological hallmark of @entity1 , to be tested in various diagnostic or therapeutic circumstances.

title: Cortical inhibition in XXXX : new insights from early, untreated @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has opened important perspectives on the pathophysiological bases and potential targets of treatment strategies for @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Studies have been mainly focusing on motor cortical inhibitory phenomena. However, differences in @entity0 and methods caused several discrepancies, particularly on the so-called @entity2 ( @entity2 ). We wanted to challenge such controversies by studying early, drug-na  ve @entity0 , and by reproducing the original method that detected a pathologic @entity2 in @entity1 . We studied the motor potentials evoked in the first dorsal interosseous muscle on the more and the less @entity1 side of the body in 18 asymmetrical untreated @entity1 @entity0 in the early stages of their disease. We had 12 healthy controls. The TMS variables were the active motor threshold, the size of the motor-evoked potential, the cortical silent period and @entity2 . Average active motor threshold was similar in @entity0 and controls, but its variability was significantly higher among @entity0 (P<0.05). There was a trend for the cortical silent period to be shorter on the more affected side of the @entity0 (P=0.1). @entity0 , especially on their more affected side, exhibited a late @entity2 peak, which was absent among controls (P<0.05). This effect was independent of the silent period duration. However, @entity0 and controls having a short silent period also had a shorter @entity2 (P<0.05). Changes in @entity2 had a strong trend to correlate to the severity of the @entity1 signs (P=0.1). Thus, the present study definitely reinforced several previous TMS findings in @entity1 as a feature of the "pure" disease pathophysiology. The pathologic enhancement of late @entity2 can act as a candidate physiological hallmark of @entity1 , to be tested in various diagnostic or therapeutic circumstances.

title: Cortical inhibition in @entity1 : new insights from early, untreated XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Importance: Whether the administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues (LHRHa) during chemotherapy is a reliable strategy to preserve ovarian function is controversial owing to both the lack of data on long-term ovarian function and pregnancies and the safety concerns about the potential negative interactions between endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. Objective: To evaluate long-term results of LHRHa-induced @entity2 during @entity0 chemotherapy. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Parallel, randomized, open-label, phase 3 superiority trial conducted at 16 Italian sites. Between October 2003 and January 2008, 281 premenopausal @entity1 with stage I to III hormone receptor-positive or hormone receptor-negative @entity0 were enrolled. Last annual follow-up was June 3, 2014. Interventions: @entity1 were randomized to receive adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone (control group) or chemotherapy plus @entity4 (LHRHa group). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary planned end point was incidence of chemotherapy-induced @entity3 . Post hoc end points were long-term ovarian function (evaluated by yearly assessment of menstrual activity and defined as resumed by the occurrence of at least 1 menstrual cycle), pregnancies, and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: A total of 281 @entity1 (median age, 39 [range, 24-45] years) were randomized. Median follow-up was 7.3 years (interquartile range, 6.3-8.2 years). The 5-year cumulative incidence estimate of menstrual resumption was 72.6% (95% CI, 65.7%-80.3%) among the 148 @entity1 in the LHRHa group and 64.0% (95% CI, 56.2%-72.8%) among the 133 @entity1 in the control group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28 [95% CI, 0.98-1.68]; P   =   .07; age-adjusted HR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.12-1.95]; P   =   .006). Eight pregnancies (5-year cumulative incidence estimate of pregnancy, 2.1% [95% CI, 0.7%-6.3%]) occurred in the LHRHa group and 3 (5-year cumulative incidence estimate of pregnancy, 1.6% [95% CI, 0.4%-6.2%]) in the control group (HR, 2.56 [95% CI, 0.68-9.60]; P   =   .14; age-adjusted HR, 2.40 [95% CI, 0.62-9.22]; P   =   .20). Five-year DFS was 80.5% (95% CI, 73.1%-86.1%) in the LHRHa group and 83.7% (95% CI, 76.1%-89.1%) in the control group (LHRHa vs control: HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 0.72-1.92]; P   =   .52). Conclusions and Relevance: Among premenopausal @entity1 with either hormone receptor-positive or hormone receptor-negative @entity0 , concurrent administration of @entity4 and chemotherapy, compared with chemotherapy alone, was associated with higher long-term probability of ovarian function recovery, without a statistically significant difference in pregnancy rate. There was no statistically significant difference in DFS for @entity1 assigned to @entity4 and those assigned to chemotherapy alone, although study power was limited. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00311636.

title: Ovarian Suppression With XXXX During Adjuvant @entity0 Chemotherapy and Long-term Ovarian Function, Pregnancies, and Disease-Free Survival: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Importance: Whether the administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues (LHRHa) during chemotherapy is a reliable strategy to preserve ovarian function is controversial owing to both the lack of data on long-term ovarian function and pregnancies and the safety concerns about the potential negative interactions between endocrine therapy and chemotherapy. Objective: To evaluate long-term results of LHRHa-induced @entity2 during @entity0 chemotherapy. Design, Setting, and @entity1 : Parallel, randomized, open-label, phase 3 superiority trial conducted at 16 Italian sites. Between October 2003 and January 2008, 281 premenopausal @entity1 with stage I to III hormone receptor-positive or hormone receptor-negative @entity0 were enrolled. Last annual follow-up was June 3, 2014. Interventions: @entity1 were randomized to receive adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy alone (control group) or chemotherapy plus @entity4 (LHRHa group). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary planned end point was incidence of chemotherapy-induced @entity3 . Post hoc end points were long-term ovarian function (evaluated by yearly assessment of menstrual activity and defined as resumed by the occurrence of at least 1 menstrual cycle), pregnancies, and disease-free survival (DFS). Results: A total of 281 @entity1 (median age, 39 [range, 24-45] years) were randomized. Median follow-up was 7.3 years (interquartile range, 6.3-8.2 years). The 5-year cumulative incidence estimate of menstrual resumption was 72.6% (95% CI, 65.7%-80.3%) among the 148 @entity1 in the LHRHa group and 64.0% (95% CI, 56.2%-72.8%) among the 133 @entity1 in the control group (hazard ratio [HR], 1.28 [95% CI, 0.98-1.68]; P   =   .07; age-adjusted HR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.12-1.95]; P   =   .006). Eight pregnancies (5-year cumulative incidence estimate of pregnancy, 2.1% [95% CI, 0.7%-6.3%]) occurred in the LHRHa group and 3 (5-year cumulative incidence estimate of pregnancy, 1.6% [95% CI, 0.4%-6.2%]) in the control group (HR, 2.56 [95% CI, 0.68-9.60]; P   =   .14; age-adjusted HR, 2.40 [95% CI, 0.62-9.22]; P   =   .20). Five-year DFS was 80.5% (95% CI, 73.1%-86.1%) in the LHRHa group and 83.7% (95% CI, 76.1%-89.1%) in the control group (LHRHa vs control: HR, 1.17 [95% CI, 0.72-1.92]; P   =   .52). Conclusions and Relevance: Among premenopausal @entity1 with either hormone receptor-positive or hormone receptor-negative @entity0 , concurrent administration of @entity4 and chemotherapy, compared with chemotherapy alone, was associated with higher long-term probability of ovarian function recovery, without a statistically significant difference in pregnancy rate. There was no statistically significant difference in DFS for @entity1 assigned to @entity4 and those assigned to chemotherapy alone, although study power was limited. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00311636.

title: Ovarian Suppression With @entity4 During Adjuvant XXXX Chemotherapy and Long-term Ovarian Function, Pregnancies, and Disease-Free Survival: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of developing @entity1 and related metabolic complications in @entity0 following long-term treatment with @entity5 or @entity4 . METHODS: This was a 1-year naturalistic longitudinal study conducted between February 2009 and March 2012. A total of 130 @entity0 aged 2 to 18 years without prior exposure to second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) were enrolled at initiation of treatment with either @entity5 or @entity4 . Metabolic parameters were measured at baseline and months 6 and 12. Data of 37 @entity0 (20 treated with @entity5 and 17 treated with @entity4 ) who completed 12-month monitoring were used in the analysis. RESULTS: After 1 year of SGA treatment, mean weight increased significantly by 10.8 kg (95% CI 7.9 kg to 13.7 kg) for @entity5 and 9.7 kg (95% CI 6.5 kg to 12.8 kg) for @entity4 . Body mass index z score also increased significantly in both groups (P < 0.001). There was a high incidence of @entity0 becoming overweight or @entity1 (6/15 [40.0%] for @entity5 -treated and 7/14 [50.0%] for @entity4 -treated). The mean levels of fasting @entity3 (for @entity5 -treated) and ratio of total @entity2 to high-density lipoprotein @entity2 (for @entity4 -treated) increased significantly by 0.23 mmol/L (95% CI 0.03 mmol/L to 0.42 mmol/L) and 0.48 mmol/L (95% CI 0.15 mmol/L to 0.80 mmol/L), respectively. CONCLUSION: @entity0 treated with @entity5 or @entity4 are at a significant risk for developing @entity1 , elevated waist circumference, and @entity6 during 12 months of treatment. These data emphasize the importance of regular monitoring for early identification and treatment of metabolic side effects.

title: Increased Risk of Obesity and Metabolic Dysregulation Following 12 Months of Second-Generation Antipsychotic Treatment in XXXX : A Prospective Cohort Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Accelerated diagnostic protocols (ADPs), such as the HEART Pathway, are gaining popularity in emergency departments (EDs) as tools used to risk stratify @entity0 with acute @entity3 . However, provider nonadherence may threaten the safety and effectiveness of ADPs. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and impact of @entity4 nonadherence. METHODS: A secondary analysis of @entity0 enrolled in the HEART Pathway RCT was conducted. This trial enrolled 282 adult @entity6 @entity0 with symptoms concerning for @entity5 without ST-elevation on electrocardiogram. @entity0 randomized to the HEART Pathway (N  =  141) were included in this analysis. Outcomes included index visit disposition, nonadherence, and major adverse @entity1 (MACEs) at 30 days. MACE was defined as death, @entity2 , or revascularization. Nonadherence was defined as: 1) undertesting-discharging a high-risk @entity0 from the @entity6 without objective testing (stress testing or coronary angiography) or 2) overtesting-admitting or obtaining objective testing on a low-risk @entity0 . RESULTS: Nonadherence to the HEART Pathway occurred in 28 of 141 @entity0 (20%, 95% confidence interval [CI]  =  14% to 27%). Overtesting occurred in 19 of 141 @entity0 (13.5%, 95% CI  =  8% to 19%) and undertesting in nine of 141 @entity0 (6%, 95% CI  =  3% to 12%). None of these 28 @entity0 suffered MACE. The net effect of nonadherence was 10 additional admissions among @entity0 identified as low-risk and appropriate for early discharge (absolute decrease in discharge rate of 7%, 95% CI  =  3% to 13%). CONCLUSIONS: Real-time use of the HEART Pathway resulted in a nonadherence rate of 20%, mostly due to overtesting. None of these @entity0 had MACE within 30 days. Nonadherence decreased the discharge rate, attenuating the HEART Pathway's impact on health care use.

title: Adherence to an Accelerated Diagnostic Protocol for XXXX : Secondary Analysis of the HEART Pathway Randomized Trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) have become standard of care in the management of @entity3 injured @entity0 , yet strategies to guide them vary widely. We conducted a pragmatic, randomized clinical trial (RCT) to test the hypothesis that an @entity5 goal directed by the viscoelastic assay thrombelastography (TEG) improves survival compared with an @entity5 guided by @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: This RCT enrolled injured @entity0 from an academic level-1 @entity1 center meeting criteria for @entity5 activation. Upon @entity5 activation, @entity0 were randomized to be managed either by an @entity5 goal directed by TEG or by @entity4 (ie, international normalized ratio, fibrinogen, platelet count). Primary outcome was 28-day survival. RESULTS: One hundred eleven @entity0 were included in an intent-to-treat analysis (TEG = 56, @entity4 = 55). Survival in the TEG group was significantly higher than the @entity4 group (log-rank P = 0.032, Wilcoxon P = 0.027); 20 @entity2 in the @entity4 group (36.4%) compared with 11 in the TEG group (19.6%) (P = 0.049). Most @entity2 occurred within the first 6 hours from arrival (21.8% @entity4 group vs 7.1% TEG group) (P = 0.032). @entity4 @entity0 required similar number of red blood cell units as the TEG @entity0 [ @entity4 : 5.0 (2-11), TEG: 4.5 (2-8)] (P = 0.317), but more plasma units [ @entity4 : 2.0 (0-4), TEG: 0.0 (0-3)] (P = 0.022), and more platelets units [ @entity4 : 0.0 (0-1), TEG: 0.0 (0-0)] (P = 0.041) in the first 2 hours of resuscitation. CONCLUSIONS: Utilization of a goal-directed, TEG-guided @entity5 to resuscitate severely injured @entity0 improves survival compared with an @entity5 guided by @entity4 and utilizes less plasma and platelet transfusions during the early phase of resuscitation.

title: Goal-directed Hemostatic Resuscitation of XXXX -induced Coagulopathy: A Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing a Viscoelastic Assay to Conventional Coagulation Assays.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study retrospectively reviewed 227 @entity0 with @entity3 who underwent endovascular embolization with detachable coils between March 1997 and March 2006 to establish the incidence of rebleeding after endovascular treatment for @entity3 and identify the risk factors. The site and size of the @entity1 , the interval between treatment and rebleeding, and the outcome were investigated in six of the 227 @entity0 (2.6%) who rebled after treatment. Four @entity0 had large or @entity1 located on the internal carotid artery at the origin of the posterior communicating artery. The interval between treatment and rebleeding was less than 1 year in four @entity0 (mean 394.2 days). Two @entity0 died, and the survivors had modified Rankin Scale scores of 0, 2, 3, and 4. Re-embolization was performed in four @entity0 and no further @entity2 occurred during the mean follow-up period of 1.9 years after re-treatment. @entity0 with @entity4 are at increased risk for rebleeding. Re-treatment should be considered if there is conventional and/or magnetic resonance angiographic evidence of dome filling. @entity0 with @entity3 must be followed up with diagnostic imaging closely during the first 12 months post-embolization because rebleeding frequently occurs within 1 year after initial treatment. Re-embolization is safe and effective in @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 from @entity1 previously embolized with detachable coils.

title: Rebleeding after endovascular embolization of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We present a prospective study assessing the real incidence, aetiology, and evolution of @entity2 following total thyroidectomy. @entity0 AND METHOD: Sixty-six @entity0 who underwent total thyroidectomy between 2003 and 2006 were included, recording demographic and analytic variables, with emphasis on subjective vocal changes observed after surgery, measured by means of the GRABS scale. A control group of 25 @entity0 operated under general anaesthesia and oro-tracheal intubation was chosen using random sampling. RESULTS: In 30 @entity0 (45.5 %), @entity5 was observed. Among these, only 2 (3 %) were permanent, and 11 were due to @entity1 (10 inferior and 1 superior laryngeal nerves). In 8 @entity0 (12.2 %), GRABS score was above 5. In the rest of these 30 @entity0 , the complaint was a single decreased tone (10 cases), lack of intensity (9 cases) and vocal fatigue (3 cases), always with a GRABS score equal to or less than 2 points. The most significantly related factor with the onset of @entity4 was the section of @entity6 muscles (OR=12.5). CONCLUSIONS: Dysphonia is a common complication of total thyroidectomy, but its incidence is not always related to @entity3 . Some technical (and sometimes avoidable) factors, such as the section of prelaryngeal muscles, could have an important relationship with this adverse event.

title: [Influence of non-neuronal factors on post-thyroidectomy XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Purpose: To describe the location of initial @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity6 , their modes of deterioration, and those factors associated with different modes of deterioration. Methods: @entity0 with @entity5 were categorized into four groups based on three consecutive initial @entity3 : (1) superior @entity7 ( @entity7 ), (2) inferior @entity7 , (3) superior @entity8 ( @entity8 ), and (4) inferior @entity8 . According to the worsening of the VF, four further subgroups were identified: (1) superior central worsening (CW), (2) inferior CW, (3) superior peripheral or nasal worsening (NW), and (4) inferior NW. Systemic and ocular factors were analyzed for each of the subgroups to identify possible associations. Results: One hundred sixty-two eyes of 162 subjects were analyzed. Superior @entity7 (n = 40) were more frequent in females and associated with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and were less frequent in @entity0 with systemic @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Inferior @entity7 (n = 35) showed a significant association with cup shape measure and axial length. Superior @entity8 (n = 37) were more highly associated with @entity2 and @entity1 . Inferior @entity8 (n = 50) showed a lower incidence of @entity4 . With binary logistic regression analysis, superior @entity7 showed a significant association with both @entity2 and @entity4 . With respect to VF worsening, superior CW showed a significant association with @entity2 and @entity1 , whereas superior NW was associated with a high minimum IOP during follow-up, and inferior NW was associated with a high maximum IOP during follow-up. Conclusions: The initial location and subsequent direction of worsening of @entity3 were associated with different systemic and ocular factors.

title: Location of Initial XXXX in @entity6 and Their Modes of Deterioration.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Purpose: To describe the location of initial @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity6 , their modes of deterioration, and those factors associated with different modes of deterioration. Methods: @entity0 with @entity5 were categorized into four groups based on three consecutive initial @entity3 : (1) superior @entity7 ( @entity7 ), (2) inferior @entity7 , (3) superior @entity8 ( @entity8 ), and (4) inferior @entity8 . According to the worsening of the VF, four further subgroups were identified: (1) superior central worsening (CW), (2) inferior CW, (3) superior peripheral or nasal worsening (NW), and (4) inferior NW. Systemic and ocular factors were analyzed for each of the subgroups to identify possible associations. Results: One hundred sixty-two eyes of 162 subjects were analyzed. Superior @entity7 (n = 40) were more frequent in females and associated with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and were less frequent in @entity0 with systemic @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Inferior @entity7 (n = 35) showed a significant association with cup shape measure and axial length. Superior @entity8 (n = 37) were more highly associated with @entity2 and @entity1 . Inferior @entity8 (n = 50) showed a lower incidence of @entity4 . With binary logistic regression analysis, superior @entity7 showed a significant association with both @entity2 and @entity4 . With respect to VF worsening, superior CW showed a significant association with @entity2 and @entity1 , whereas superior NW was associated with a high minimum IOP during follow-up, and inferior NW was associated with a high maximum IOP during follow-up. Conclusions: The initial location and subsequent direction of worsening of @entity3 were associated with different systemic and ocular factors.

title: Location of Initial @entity3 in XXXX and Their Modes of Deterioration.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The Gulf of @entity1  sk receives the waters of the Wis  a (Vistula), the largest Polish river and the second largest river flowing into the Baltic Sea. Chloropigments a ( @entity3 and its derivatives) were determined in water and sediments from the Gulf. Samples were collected during cruises of R.V. 'Oceania' at 19 stations located at different water depths and distances from the shore, in May (2003) and October (2004), i.e., at the beginning and at the end of the growing season, respectively. Seawater was also sampled on the beach at Sopot in June, July and August 2004, i.e., during the height of the growing season. All water samples were collected with a bathometer and passed through Whatman GF/F filters. Recent sediments (0-10 cm) were collected with a core sampler and divided into sub-samples (0-1, 1-5 and 5-10 cm). The pigments were determined using HPLC-DAD. The results were first correlated with a set of parameters measured in situ during sample collection (salinity, temperature, @entity0 content of seawater) and determined in the same material (organic @entity2 content, granulometry), then worked up statistically. Although this investigation shows that particular chloropigments a in recent sediments are indicative of the prevailing environmental conditions in the study area and the trends in their variations, they should be treated as a relative and not an absolute measure, since this is the first such study based on a large and coherent set containing both chloropigment a and environmental data. In addition, a @entity3 budget is estimated for the Gulf of @entity1  sk on the basis of the literature and the authors' own data. Only c. 10% of the @entity3 produced annually in the Gulf of @entity1  sk is transferred to sediments in the form of chloropigments a; 2.8% is in the form of undecomposed @entity3 and 7.2% in the form of @entity3 derivatives. About 90% of @entity3 is decomposed to colourless products.

title: Chloropigments a in the Gulf of XXXX  sk (Baltic Sea) as markers of the state of this environment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Pediatric @entity1 centers (PTC) are concentrated in urban areas leaving large areas where @entity0 do not have access. Although adult @entity1 centers (ATC) often serve to fill the gap, disparities exist. Given the limited workforce in pediatric subspecialties, many adult centers which are called upon to care for @entity0 cannot sufficiently staff their program to meet the requirements of verification as a PTC. We hypothesized that ATCs in collaboration with a PTC could achieve successful American College of Surgeons (ACS) verification as a PTC with measurable improvements in care. This manuscript serves to provide an initial description of this collaborative approach. METHODS: Beginning in 2008, a Level I PTC partnered with three ATC seeking ACS-PTC verification. The centers adopted a plan for education, simulation training, guidelines, and performance improvement support. Results of ACS verification, @entity0 volumes, need to transfer @entity0 , and impact on solid organ injury management were evaluated. RESULTS: Following partnership, each of the ATCs has achieved Level II PTC verification. As part of each review the collaborative was noted to be a significant strength. Total pediatric @entity0 volume increased from 128.1 to 162.1 a year (p=0.031) and transfers out decreased from 3.8% to 2.4% (p=0.032) from pre-partnership to post-partnership time periods. At the initial ATC partner site, 10.7 @entity0 /year with solid organ injury were treated pre-partnership and 11.8/year post-partnership. Following partnership we found significant reductions in LOS, number of images, and lab draws among this limited population. CONCLUSION: The collaborative has resulted in ACS Level II PTC verification in the absence of onsite pediatric surgical specialists. This paradigm may serve to advance the care of injured @entity0 at sites without access to pediatric surgical specialists through a collaborative partnership with an experienced Level I PTC. Further risk adjusted analysis of outcomes will need to be performed in the future. Level IV : Retrospective comparative study.

title: A paradigm for achieving successful pediatric XXXX verification in the absence of pediatric surgical specialists while ensuring quality of care.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity2 , the T helper type 1 (Th1) response tends to predominate at affected disease sites; however, whether Th1/Th2 polarization occurs in the peripheral circulation is unknown. METHODS: Fifty-two @entity0 with @entity2 and 21 healthy volunteers were investigated. The concentrations of @entity3 ( @entity3 )/ @entity3 and @entity4 ( @entity4 )/ @entity4 in the serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and culture supernatant were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The circulating @entity1 + CD4+ T cells and @entity5 + CD4+ T cells were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The @entity1 - or @entity5 -positive ratios among CD4+ T cells were both higher in @entity2 than in healthy volunteers. The serum levels of both @entity3 and @entity4 of the @entity0 with @entity2 were significantly higher than those of the healthy volunteers. In @entity0 with @entity2 , a larger amount of @entity3 was generated by the BALF cells, whereas @entity3 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells did not increase in comparison to the control subjects. The @entity4 levels produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of @entity2 @entity0 were significantly higher than those of the controls, while no difference existed between the 2 groups regarding @entity4 production by BALF cells. CONCLUSION: @entity3 is mainly produced at the lung and @entity4 in the peripheral circulation in @entity2 @entity0 . Both @entity3 and @entity4 cooperatively play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity2 .

title: Circulating levels of both Th1 and Th2 chemokines are elevated in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity2 , the T helper type 1 (Th1) response tends to predominate at affected disease sites; however, whether Th1/Th2 polarization occurs in the peripheral circulation is unknown. METHODS: Fifty-two @entity0 with @entity2 and 21 healthy volunteers were investigated. The concentrations of @entity3 ( @entity3 )/ @entity3 and @entity4 ( @entity4 )/ @entity4 in the serum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and culture supernatant were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The circulating @entity1 + CD4+ T cells and @entity5 + CD4+ T cells were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: The @entity1 - or @entity5 -positive ratios among CD4+ T cells were both higher in @entity2 than in healthy volunteers. The serum levels of both @entity3 and @entity4 of the @entity0 with @entity2 were significantly higher than those of the healthy volunteers. In @entity0 with @entity2 , a larger amount of @entity3 was generated by the BALF cells, whereas @entity3 production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells did not increase in comparison to the control subjects. The @entity4 levels produced by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of @entity2 @entity0 were significantly higher than those of the controls, while no difference existed between the 2 groups regarding @entity4 production by BALF cells. CONCLUSION: @entity3 is mainly produced at the lung and @entity4 in the peripheral circulation in @entity2 @entity0 . Both @entity3 and @entity4 cooperatively play a role in the pathogenesis of @entity2 .

title: Circulating levels of both Th1 and Th2 chemokines are elevated in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have investigated eluates derived from commercially available composite resin-based materials used for direct (Tetric Ceram/Ivoclar-Vivadent, Simile/Pentron, Filtek Z-250/3M ESPE) and indirect (Adoro/Ivoclar-Vivadent and Conquest Sculpture/Pentron) dental restorations, with respect to their genotoxic effects on @entity0 peripheral lymphocytes. Primary lymphocyte cultures obtained from blood samples of three healthy donors were exposed to eluates of freshly cured specimens of all the materials tested. Metaphases were induced with phytohaemagglutinin, collected after a 72-h treatment using @entity2 and stained with the Fluorescence Plus Giemsa (FPG) procedure. Preparations were scored for sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs). The proliferation rate index (PRI) and the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were also calculated. Our results show that eluates derived from the three direct composites (Filtek Z-250, Simile and Tetric Ceram) increased the frequencies of SCE and CAs and markedly reduced PRI and @entity3 . Tetric Ceram's eluate, being the most genotoxic of all eluates tested, increased the frequencies of SCE up to 24.40 per cell (control, 9.87 per cell) and of CAs up to 424 per 100 metaphases scored (control, 5). Moreover, it caused a pronounced decrease of the PRI down to 1.31 (control, 2.44) and of the @entity3 down to 9.8 per thousand (control, 19.2 per thousand). In contrast, eluates derived from the laboratory-processed composites (Adoro and Conquest Sculpture) induced much less cytogenetic damage. Overall, the degree of genotoxicity and @entity1 decreased as follows: Tetric Ceram>Filtek Z-250>Simile>Adoro=Conquest Sculpture. These results indicate that composite resins used for direct and indirect dental restorations differ extensively in their cytotoxic and genotoxic potential and in their ability to affect chromosomal integrity, cell-cycle progression, DNA replication and repair. This underlines the impact of improved polymerization with respect to their biological behavior.

title: Sister-chromatid exchange, chromosomal aberrations and delays in cell-cycle kinetics in XXXX lymphocytes induced by dental composite resin eluates.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics results in microbial resistance and financially is a healthcare burden. Antibiotic de-escalation refers to starting treatment of a presumed infection with broad-spectrum antibiotics and narrowing drug spectrum based on culture sensitivities. A study was designed to evaluate antibiotic de-escalation at a tertiary care center. We hypothesized that antibiotic de-escalation would not be associated with increased @entity0 mortality rates or worsening of the @entity1 . METHODS: All @entity1 treated in a single, tertiary care Surgical ICU between August 2009 and December 2011 were reviewed. Antibiotic treatment was classified by skilled reviewers as being either de-escalated or not. Outcomes were evaluated. Univariate statistics were performed (Fisher exact test, Chi-square for categorical data; student t-test for continuous variables). Multivariable logistic regression was completed. RESULTS: A total of 2,658 @entity1 were identified. De-escalation was identified for 995 @entity1 and non-deescalation occurred in 1,663. @entity0 were similar in age (de-escalated 55        16   y vs. 56        16, p   =   0.1) and gender (de-escalated 60% males vs. 58%, p   =   0.4). There were substantially greater APACHE II scores in non-deescalated @entity0 (15        8 vs. 14        8, p   =   0.03). A greater mortality rate among @entity0 with @entity1 treated without de-escalation was observed compared with those treated with de-escalation (9% vs. 6%, p   =   0.002). Total antibiotic duration was substantially longer in the de-escalated group (15        13   d vs. 13        13, p   =   0.0001). Multivariable analysis found that de-escalation decreased mortality rates (OR   =   0.69; 95%CI, 0.49-0.97; p   =   0.04) and high APACHE II score independently increased mortality rates (OR   =   1.2; 95%CI, 1.1-1.2; p   =   0.0001). Other parameters included were age and infection site. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic de-escalation was not associated with increased mortality rates, but the duration of antibiotic use was longer in this group. Greater mortality rates were observed in the non-deescalated group, but this likely owes at least in part to their relatively greater severity of disease classification (APACHE II). Further investigation will help evaluate whether antibiotic de-escalation will improve the quality of @entity0 care.

title: De-Escalation of Antibiotics Does Not Increase Mortality in Critically Ill Surgical XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: Cardiac and @entity9 contributes to increased morbidity and mortality in @entity0 with @entity4 . The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of a decline in GFR on @entity3 dipping. METHODS: This cross-sectional study comprises 124 @entity0 (46 @entity0 , 78 @entity0 ; age 66  14 years) with CKD 3-5, not on renal replacement therapy. GFR was measured with @entity10 clearance, HRV with 24-hour Holter ECG and nocturnal dipping with 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure. RESULTS: The GFR was 22.5  8.5ml/ @entity7 .73 m(2) . The main finding was a significant curvilinear association between the 24 hour standard deviation of NN interval (24SDNN) in the HRV analysis and GFR (p=0.01), logGFR (p=0.006), @entity1 (p=0.05) and beta blocker treatment (0.03), respectively. The effect of @entity1 on 24SDNN corresponded to a decline in GFR from 30 to 12 ml/ @entity7 .73 m(2) . There were significant curvilinear associations between systolic nocturnal dipping (p=0.02) and diastolic nocturnal dipping (p=0.05), respectively, and @entity1 but not with GFR or logGFR. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, cardiac sympathetic overdrive and decreased vagal control appear during CKD 4 and 5. The association with GFR is curvilinear. @entity1 was significantly associated with both @entity2 , as measured by heart rate variability and nocturnal blood pressure dipping, respectively. Knowing that @entity5 , often due to sympathetic @entity8 , are an important cause of @entity6 in the dialysis population, this study contributes important knowledge on possible intervention thresholds. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Relationship between declining GFR and measures of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hospitalisation for adversity-related injury (violent, drug/ @entity3 -related, or self-inflicted injury) has been described as a "teachable moment", when intervention may reduce risks of further harm. Which adolescents are likely to benefit most from intervention strongly depends on their long-term risks of harm. We compared 10-y risks of mortality and re-admission after adversity-related injury with risks after accident-related injury. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We analysed National Health Service admissions data for England (1 April 1997-31 March 2012) for 10-19 y olds with emergency admissions for adversity-related injury (violent, drug/ @entity3 -related, or self-inflicted injury; n = 333,009) or for accident-related injury (n = 649,818). We used Kaplan-Meier estimates and @entity4 regression to estimate and compare 10-y post-discharge risks of @entity2 and emergency re-admission. Among adolescents discharged after adversity-related injury, one in 137 @entity0 and one in 64 @entity0 died within 10 y, and 54.2% of @entity0 and 40.5% of @entity0 had an emergency re-admission, with rates being highest for 18-19 y olds. Risks of @entity2 were higher than in adolescents discharged after accident-related injury ( @entity0 : age-adjusted hazard ratio 1.61, 95% CI 1.43-1.82; @entity0 : 2.13, 95% CI 1.98-2.29), as were risks of re-admission ( @entity0 : 1.76, 95% CI 1.74-1.79; @entity0 : 1.41, 95% CI 1.39-1.43). Risks of @entity2 and re-admission were increased after all combinations of violent, drug/ @entity3 -related, and self-inflicted injury, but particularly after any drug/ @entity3 -related or self-inflicted injury (i.e., with/without @entity1 ), for which age-adjusted hazard ratios for @entity2 in @entity0 ranged from 1.67 to 5.35, compared with 1.25 following @entity1 alone ( @entity0 : 1.09 to 3.25, compared with 1.27). The main limitation of the study was under-recording of adversity-related injuries and misclassification of these cases as accident-related injuries. This misclassification would attenuate the relative risks of @entity2 and re-admission for adversity-related compared with accident-related injury. CONCLUSIONS: Adolescents discharged after an admission for violent, drug/ @entity3 -related, or self-inflicted injury have increased risks of subsequent harm up to a decade later. Introduction of preventive strategies for reducing subsequent harm after admission should be considered for all types of adversity-related injury, particularly for older adolescents.

title: 10-y Risks of Death and Emergency Re-admission in Adolescents Hospitalised with Violent, Drug- or XXXX -Related, or Self-Inflicted Injury: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: During @entity0 meiotic prophase I, surveillance mechanisms exist to ensure that germ cells with defective synapsis or recombination are eliminated, thereby preventing the generation of aneuploid gametes and embryos. Meiosis in females is more error-prone than in males, and this is in part because the prophase I surveillance mechanisms are less efficient in females. A mechanistic understanding of this sexual dimorphism is currently lacking. In both sexes, asynapsed chromosomes are transcriptionally inactivated by @entity2 -dependent phosphorylation of histone H2AFX. This process, termed meiotic silencing, has been proposed to perform an important prophase I surveillance role. While the transcriptional effects of meiotic silencing at individual genes are well described in the male germ line, analogous studies in the female germ line have not been performed. Here we apply single- and multigene RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA FISH) to oocytes from chromosomally abnormal @entity1 models to uncover potential sex differences in the silencing response. Notably, we find that meiotic silencing in females is less efficient than in males. Within individual oocytes, genes located on the same asynapsed chromosome are silenced to differing extents, thereby generating mosaicism in gene expression profiles across oocyte populations. Analysis of sex-reversed @entity3 female @entity1 reveals that the sexual dimorphism in silencing is determined by gonadal sex rather than sex chromosome constitution. We propose that sex differences in meiotic silencing impact on the sexually dimorphic prophase I response to asynapsis.

title: XXXX meiotic silencing exhibits sexually dimorphic features.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The role of fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy in @entity0 with incidentally discovered @entity4 is limited. However, image-guided biopsy continues to be performed in this setting, in some cases before biochemical workup. The purpose of this study was to review the value of FNA biopsy of @entity4 in @entity0 referred to a large university endocrine surgical practice. METHODS: @entity0 referred to the endocrine surgery service at our institutions from 1997 through 2006 for evaluation of an adrenal mass were identified and those who underwent needle biopsy were selected for analysis. RESULTS: Of the 347 @entity0 evaluated for @entity4 , 22 (6.3%) had undergone needle biopsy before referral. Clinical presentations were @entity3 (n = 15), suspected @entity1 (n = 4), and symptomatic large mass (n = 3). In 10 cases, a radiology report had either suggested a biopsy or stated that the mass was "amenable" to biopsy. In the 15 @entity0 with @entity3 , 12 (80%) had nondiagnostic biopsy results and 2 showed @entity6 . Biopsies were diagnostic in 2 of 4 @entity0 with suspected @entity1 and in 1 of 3 @entity0 with a large symptomatic mass. There were 3 biopsy-related complications: 1 liver @entity5 , 1 hemothorax, and 1 duodenal @entity5 . No biochemical testing for @entity6 was performed before biopsy in 10 @entity0 , 5 of whom were ultimately diagnosed with @entity6 . Biopsy results did not alter clinical management in any of the 22 @entity0 in this study. CONCLUSIONS: FNA biopsy is not useful in the diagnostic workup of @entity0 with incidentally discovered @entity4 and rarely alters management in @entity0 with resectable adrenal metastases and primary @entity2 . Furthermore, biopsy in this setting can also be potentially hazardous. Language that suggests biopsy of @entity4 should be avoided in radiology reports.

title: Needle biopsy of incidentally discovered XXXX is rarely informative and potentially hazardous.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acetabular reconstruction in adults with Hartofilakidis type @entity1 is a major technical challenge. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate hip function and radiographic outcomes regarding high hip center at midterm follow-up. METHODS: From January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2009, 37 @entity0 who had Hartofilakidis type @entity1 underwent a primary total hip arthroplasty using a high hip center technique. Functional, radiographic, and survivorship outcomes were evaluated. RESULTS: Of the 37 @entity0 , 31 @entity0 (83.8%) were available for the mean follow-up of 6.1 years (range, 1.5-7.6 years). Thirty-one cementless cups were located at an average vertical distance of 38.1    3.3 mm and at a mean horizontal distance of 35.5    3.4 mm. The mean ratio of the height of the hip center was 2.4% (range, 2.0%-2.9%). The Harris Hip Scores were improved from 50.3 points (range, 38-63 points) preoperatively to 92.3 points (range, 85-100 points) at the final follow-up (P < .001). Four @entity0 continued to present with Trendelenburg gait pattern at the last follow-up. With use of revision for any reason and aseptic loosening as the end point, the 5-year survival rates were 90.3% (95% CI, 79.9%-100%) and 93.3% (95% CI, 84.3%-100%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The high hip center technique in conjunction with a cementless acetabular component seems to be a valuable alternative to achieve satisfactory midterm outcomes for Hartofilakidis type @entity1 .

title: Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty With a High Hip Center for Hartofilakidis Type XXXX : Results of Midterm Follow-Up.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) consists of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), which can be further divided into superficial and deep @entity4 . Despite being a key factor in the development of @entity2 , what predicts future amount of AAT is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine long-term predictors of amount of AAT. METHODS: This was a mean 18-year follow-up study of a cohort of 94 healthy young Caucasian @entity0 , with and without a @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Cardiovascular risk markers were examined both at baseline and at follow-up. At follow-up, computed tomography (CT) of AAT was conducted to assess amount of superficial and deep @entity4 , and @entity4 . RESULTS: In multiple regression analyses, baseline body mass index (BMI) remained a positive predictor of future amount of superficial and deep @entity4 , while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity3 was a negative predictor of all three sub-compartments. Baseline risk markers were generally stronger predictors among @entity0 with @entity1 , than among @entity0 without. In addition, @entity1 had greater impact on amount of deep @entity4 and @entity4 , than on amount of superficial @entity4 . CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the traditional cardiovascular risk markers BMI, HDL @entity3 and @entity1 are long-term predictors of the different abdominal adipose tissue compartments from young towards middle age in healthy @entity0 . In @entity0 with @entity1 , cardiovascular risk markers at a young age seem to be of greater importance to future amount of abdominal adipose tissue, than among @entity0 without.

title: Predictors of abdominal adipose tissue compartments: 18-year follow-up of young @entity0 with and without XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abdominal adipose tissue (AAT) consists of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ), which can be further divided into superficial and deep @entity4 . Despite being a key factor in the development of @entity2 , what predicts future amount of AAT is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE: To determine long-term predictors of amount of AAT. METHODS: This was a mean 18-year follow-up study of a cohort of 94 healthy young Caucasian @entity0 , with and without a @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Cardiovascular risk markers were examined both at baseline and at follow-up. At follow-up, computed tomography (CT) of AAT was conducted to assess amount of superficial and deep @entity4 , and @entity4 . RESULTS: In multiple regression analyses, baseline body mass index (BMI) remained a positive predictor of future amount of superficial and deep @entity4 , while high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity3 was a negative predictor of all three sub-compartments. Baseline risk markers were generally stronger predictors among @entity0 with @entity1 , than among @entity0 without. In addition, @entity1 had greater impact on amount of deep @entity4 and @entity4 , than on amount of superficial @entity4 . CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that the traditional cardiovascular risk markers BMI, HDL @entity3 and @entity1 are long-term predictors of the different abdominal adipose tissue compartments from young towards middle age in healthy @entity0 . In @entity0 with @entity1 , cardiovascular risk markers at a young age seem to be of greater importance to future amount of abdominal adipose tissue, than among @entity0 without.

title: Predictors of abdominal adipose tissue compartments: 18-year follow-up of young XXXX with and without @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few data are available from large population-based studies on survival and renal outcome of @entity0 with renal involvement and different types of @entity6 . METHODS: Two hundred and ninety of over 373 @entity0 affected from @entity6 with renal involvement diagnosed in Italy between January 1995 and December 2000 were followed from diagnosis to @entity2 or until the last available clinical control. Eighty-three @entity0 were excluded from analysis either because the amyloid type remained undetermined or they were lost at follow-up. Clinical and laboratory information was collected according to the different types of @entity7 using a specific form which included renal function with 24 h @entity4 at diagnosis and at the end of follow-up, the type and the date of onset of dialysis and the kind of treatment they underwent. RESULTS: The median time of follow-up was 24 months in primary ( @entity6 ) @entity7 (range: 1-88 months), 16 months in @entity6 with associated @entity6 (MM + @entity6 : range 1-76 months), 30 months in reactive ( @entity8 ) @entity7 (range: 1-99 months) and 52 months in @entity0 with familial forms (AF: range 14-82 months). @entity0 with @entity6 showed a significantly shorter survival than @entity8 . Despite no significant differences of renal outcome or survival on dialysis being observed between the two groups, a lower renal survival with a higher number of @entity0 who progressed to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was observed in @entity0 with @entity8 . Overall survival was markedly improved in @entity0 with @entity6 who underwent a specific therapy (conventional chemotherapy or autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT)) even in the absence of a positive kidney response. Multivariate analysis showed cardiac involvement and specific therapy to significantly influence survival in @entity6 whereas age, serum @entity5 (sCr) and heart involvement significantly affected survival in @entity8 . In both groups, sCr and heart involvement were the most relevant predictors for renal outcome, together with urinary protein excretion, in @entity0 with @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results show a worse survival in @entity6 due to the higher prevalence of heart involvement in this group and emphasize that a specific therapy significantly prolongs survival and slows the progression of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity6 . We suggest that a late nephrological referral is likely the cause of the higher sCr found at presentation in @entity0 with @entity8 and probably accounts for the lower renal survival observed in the short term in these @entity0 . At the time being, renal transplantation and ASCT are still rare therapeutic options for renal @entity0 affected from @entity6 .

title: Renal involvement in XXXX : an Italian collaborative study on survival and renal outcome.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Approximately 20% of @entity0 have persistent symptoms of @entity2 despite @entity4 inhibitor (PPI) therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of @entity2 in @entity0 on PPI therapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: 20 @entity0 with typical @entity2 ( @entity1 ) despite double-dose PPIs (twice daily) were included in this study. Ambulatory 24 h pH-impedance studies were performed in all @entity0 . The characteristics of symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity3 were compared. Symptoms were considered globally and separately for @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 1273 @entity3 were detected including 243 (19.1%) acidic, 1018 (80.0%) weakly acidic and 12 (0.9%) weakly alkaline @entity3 . Overall, 312 (24.5%) @entity3 were symptomatic. The only factor associated with @entity2 was high proximal extent (p = 0.037). Compared with regurgitation, @entity3 associated with heartburn were more frequently pure liquid (p = 0.009) and acidic (p = 0.027), had a lower nadir pH (p<0.001), were more frequently preceded by acid @entity3 (p<0.001) and had a longer reflux bolus clearance time (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High proximal extent of the refluxate is the only factor associated with @entity2 in @entity0 on double-dose PPI. However, compared with regurgitation, composition of the refluxate, sensitisation of the oesophagus by preceding acid exposure and delayed bolus clearance appear to play a role in heartburn perception.

title: XXXX in @entity0 with persistent symptoms despite @entity4 inhibitors.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Approximately 20% of @entity0 have persistent symptoms of @entity2 despite @entity4 inhibitor (PPI) therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of @entity2 in @entity0 on PPI therapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: 20 @entity0 with typical @entity2 ( @entity1 ) despite double-dose PPIs (twice daily) were included in this study. Ambulatory 24 h pH-impedance studies were performed in all @entity0 . The characteristics of symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity3 were compared. Symptoms were considered globally and separately for @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 1273 @entity3 were detected including 243 (19.1%) acidic, 1018 (80.0%) weakly acidic and 12 (0.9%) weakly alkaline @entity3 . Overall, 312 (24.5%) @entity3 were symptomatic. The only factor associated with @entity2 was high proximal extent (p = 0.037). Compared with regurgitation, @entity3 associated with heartburn were more frequently pure liquid (p = 0.009) and acidic (p = 0.027), had a lower nadir pH (p<0.001), were more frequently preceded by acid @entity3 (p<0.001) and had a longer reflux bolus clearance time (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High proximal extent of the refluxate is the only factor associated with @entity2 in @entity0 on double-dose PPI. However, compared with regurgitation, composition of the refluxate, sensitisation of the oesophagus by preceding acid exposure and delayed bolus clearance appear to play a role in heartburn perception.

title: @entity2 in @entity0 with persistent symptoms despite XXXX inhibitors.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Approximately 20% of @entity0 have persistent symptoms of @entity2 despite @entity4 inhibitor (PPI) therapy. The aim of this study was to assess the determinants of @entity2 in @entity0 on PPI therapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: 20 @entity0 with typical @entity2 ( @entity1 ) despite double-dose PPIs (twice daily) were included in this study. Ambulatory 24 h pH-impedance studies were performed in all @entity0 . The characteristics of symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity3 were compared. Symptoms were considered globally and separately for @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 1273 @entity3 were detected including 243 (19.1%) acidic, 1018 (80.0%) weakly acidic and 12 (0.9%) weakly alkaline @entity3 . Overall, 312 (24.5%) @entity3 were symptomatic. The only factor associated with @entity2 was high proximal extent (p = 0.037). Compared with regurgitation, @entity3 associated with heartburn were more frequently pure liquid (p = 0.009) and acidic (p = 0.027), had a lower nadir pH (p<0.001), were more frequently preceded by acid @entity3 (p<0.001) and had a longer reflux bolus clearance time (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: High proximal extent of the refluxate is the only factor associated with @entity2 in @entity0 on double-dose PPI. However, compared with regurgitation, composition of the refluxate, sensitisation of the oesophagus by preceding acid exposure and delayed bolus clearance appear to play a role in heartburn perception.

title: @entity2 in XXXX with persistent symptoms despite @entity4 inhibitors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Low expression of Fas by different @entity2 including @entity5 , correlates with poor prognosis. We found that @entity4 @entity1 from @entity0 expressed negligible amounts of Fas, but primary @entity2 often expressed high Fas levels. The reason for this discrepancy is unknown. We hypothesized that because @entity7 is constitutively expressed in the lungs, Fas-positive (Fas(+)) @entity2 cells entering the lungs would bind with @entity7 and die from Fas-induced apoptosis, resulting in the "selection" of Fas-negative (Fas(-)) cells, which would eventually form @entity1 . To test this hypothesis, we injected @entity5 cells, which express functional Fas in vitro, into @entity3 and confirmed that its @entity6 were Fas(+), but lung @entity1 were Fas(-). Next, to inhibit Fas signaling without affecting Fas expression, we transfected these cells with a @entity8 -dominant negative (FDN) plasmid and developed K7/FDN cells. @entity1 formed by K7/FDN cells contained Fas(+) @entity2 cells. Moreover, K7/FDN cells were retained in the lungs longer and formed more lung @entity1 than K7 cells. In addition, the incidence of lung @entity1 in @entity7 -deficient @entity3 injected with K7 cells was higher than that in wild-type @entity3 . @entity1 from @entity7 -deficient @entity3 but not from wild-type @entity3 contained Fas(+) @entity2 cells. Based on that, we conclude that Fas(-) @entity5 cells are selected during lung @entity1 formation and that inhibition of Fas signaling in @entity2 or lack of @entity7 in the host environment allows the proliferation of Fas(+) @entity5 cells in the lungs and promotes @entity1 growth. Therefore, Fas may be considered as a new therapeutic target for @entity5 treatment.

title: Fas-negative @entity5 cells are selected during metastasis to the lungs: the role of the Fas pathway in the metastatic process of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Low expression of Fas by different @entity2 including @entity5 , correlates with poor prognosis. We found that @entity4 @entity1 from @entity0 expressed negligible amounts of Fas, but primary @entity2 often expressed high Fas levels. The reason for this discrepancy is unknown. We hypothesized that because @entity7 is constitutively expressed in the lungs, Fas-positive (Fas(+)) @entity2 cells entering the lungs would bind with @entity7 and die from Fas-induced apoptosis, resulting in the "selection" of Fas-negative (Fas(-)) cells, which would eventually form @entity1 . To test this hypothesis, we injected @entity5 cells, which express functional Fas in vitro, into @entity3 and confirmed that its @entity6 were Fas(+), but lung @entity1 were Fas(-). Next, to inhibit Fas signaling without affecting Fas expression, we transfected these cells with a @entity8 -dominant negative (FDN) plasmid and developed K7/FDN cells. @entity1 formed by K7/FDN cells contained Fas(+) @entity2 cells. Moreover, K7/FDN cells were retained in the lungs longer and formed more lung @entity1 than K7 cells. In addition, the incidence of lung @entity1 in @entity7 -deficient @entity3 injected with K7 cells was higher than that in wild-type @entity3 . @entity1 from @entity7 -deficient @entity3 but not from wild-type @entity3 contained Fas(+) @entity2 cells. Based on that, we conclude that Fas(-) @entity5 cells are selected during lung @entity1 formation and that inhibition of Fas signaling in @entity2 or lack of @entity7 in the host environment allows the proliferation of Fas(+) @entity5 cells in the lungs and promotes @entity1 growth. Therefore, Fas may be considered as a new therapeutic target for @entity5 treatment.

title: Fas-negative XXXX cells are selected during metastasis to the lungs: the role of the Fas pathway in the metastatic process of @entity5 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous closure of perimembranous @entity2 (pmVSD) has become an accepted alternative to surgical closure in selected cases. However, closure of pmVSDs associated with septal @entity1 is more challenging. We report our experience of device closure of pmVSDs associated with septal @entity1 . METHODS: Between 2008 and 2012, percutaneous closure of pmVSD associated with septal @entity1 was attempted in 11 adult @entity0 in our institution. The @entity0 were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure. RESULTS: Mean age of the @entity0 (64% male, 36% female) was 36.2  1.3 years. Diameter of the left and right ventricular openings of the @entity1 measured by ventriculography was 13.5  5.6 mm and 5.9  2.2 mm, respectively. The defect was occluded with Amplatzer pmVSD Occluder in 4 @entity0 , Amplatzer Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect Occluder in 4 @entity0 , Amplatzer Duct Occluder I in 1 @entity0 , and Amplatzer Duct Occluder II in 2 @entity0 (AGA Medical Corp., Plymouth, MN, USA). The procedure was succesfull in all @entity0 . Mean follow-up time was 22  1.9 months. There was no device- or procedure-related complications at the acute setting or mid-term follow-up. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous closure of pmVSDs associated with @entity1 is more challenging than that of simple defects. The selection of the device type and size should be made according to the configuration and size of the @entity1 and defect.

title: Percutaneous closure of perimembranous @entity2 associated with septal XXXX in adults.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous closure of perimembranous @entity2 (pmVSD) has become an accepted alternative to surgical closure in selected cases. However, closure of pmVSDs associated with septal @entity1 is more challenging. We report our experience of device closure of pmVSDs associated with septal @entity1 . METHODS: Between 2008 and 2012, percutaneous closure of pmVSD associated with septal @entity1 was attempted in 11 adult @entity0 in our institution. The @entity0 were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after the procedure. RESULTS: Mean age of the @entity0 (64% male, 36% female) was 36.2  1.3 years. Diameter of the left and right ventricular openings of the @entity1 measured by ventriculography was 13.5  5.6 mm and 5.9  2.2 mm, respectively. The defect was occluded with Amplatzer pmVSD Occluder in 4 @entity0 , Amplatzer Muscular Ventricular Septal Defect Occluder in 4 @entity0 , Amplatzer Duct Occluder I in 1 @entity0 , and Amplatzer Duct Occluder II in 2 @entity0 (AGA Medical Corp., Plymouth, MN, USA). The procedure was succesfull in all @entity0 . Mean follow-up time was 22  1.9 months. There was no device- or procedure-related complications at the acute setting or mid-term follow-up. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous closure of pmVSDs associated with @entity1 is more challenging than that of simple defects. The selection of the device type and size should be made according to the configuration and size of the @entity1 and defect.

title: Percutaneous closure of perimembranous XXXX associated with septal @entity1 in adults.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Tankyrase (TANKS) regulates telomerase-mediated telomere elongation and plays an important role in cellular senescence and immortalization. This study was to determine the effect of tankyrase antisense oligonucleotide (asTANKS) combined @entity0 telomerase reverse transcriptase antisense oligonucleotide (ashTERT) on telomere dynamics in @entity0 @entity3 A549 cells. METHODS: A549 cells were transfected with ashTERT, asTANKS, ashTERT combined asTANKS, and @entity0 telomerase reverse transcriptase sense oligonucleotide (shTERT), tankyrase sense oligonucleotide (sTANKS), or blank vector as control. The expression of @entity2 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Telomerase activity was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-PCR (ELISA-PCR). Tankyrase activity was detected by Western blot. Telomere length was analyzed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH). Cell proliferation was measured by population doubling test. RESULTS: The mRNA level and telomerase activity of @entity2 in A549 cells were strongly suppressed by ashTERT, but not by asTANKS; while tankyrase activity was significantly inhibited by asTANKS, not by ashTERT. Telomere length was significantly shorter in the cells treated with ashTERT combined asTANKS than in the cells treated with either ashTERT or asTANKS [(3.55+/-0.08) kb vs. (7.59+/-0.07) kb and (7.33+/-0.09) kb, t = 37.33, t = 32.50, P < 0.001]. The generational activity of the A549 cells continuously treated with ashTERT combined asTANKS was significantly weaker than those treated with either ashTERT or asTANKS [(24.53+/-0.40) @entity5 ( @entity5 ) vs. (56.92+/-0.46) @entity5 and (53.33+/-0.57) @entity5 , t = 53.38, t = 43.39, P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of ashTERT and asTANKS can enhance the efficacy of telomere @entity4 and hasten @entity1 cellular crisis. Tankyrase might be a potential target of telomere-based molecular @entity1 therapy.

title: [Effect of tankyrase antisense oligonucleotide combined @entity0 telomerase reverse transcriptase antisense oligonucleotide on telomere dynamics in @entity0 XXXX A549 cells].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Tankyrase (TANKS) regulates telomerase-mediated telomere elongation and plays an important role in cellular senescence and immortalization. This study was to determine the effect of tankyrase antisense oligonucleotide (asTANKS) combined @entity0 telomerase reverse transcriptase antisense oligonucleotide (ashTERT) on telomere dynamics in @entity0 @entity3 A549 cells. METHODS: A549 cells were transfected with ashTERT, asTANKS, ashTERT combined asTANKS, and @entity0 telomerase reverse transcriptase sense oligonucleotide (shTERT), tankyrase sense oligonucleotide (sTANKS), or blank vector as control. The expression of @entity2 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Telomerase activity was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-PCR (ELISA-PCR). Tankyrase activity was detected by Western blot. Telomere length was analyzed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH). Cell proliferation was measured by population doubling test. RESULTS: The mRNA level and telomerase activity of @entity2 in A549 cells were strongly suppressed by ashTERT, but not by asTANKS; while tankyrase activity was significantly inhibited by asTANKS, not by ashTERT. Telomere length was significantly shorter in the cells treated with ashTERT combined asTANKS than in the cells treated with either ashTERT or asTANKS [(3.55+/-0.08) kb vs. (7.59+/-0.07) kb and (7.33+/-0.09) kb, t = 37.33, t = 32.50, P < 0.001]. The generational activity of the A549 cells continuously treated with ashTERT combined asTANKS was significantly weaker than those treated with either ashTERT or asTANKS [(24.53+/-0.40) @entity5 ( @entity5 ) vs. (56.92+/-0.46) @entity5 and (53.33+/-0.57) @entity5 , t = 53.38, t = 43.39, P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of ashTERT and asTANKS can enhance the efficacy of telomere @entity4 and hasten @entity1 cellular crisis. Tankyrase might be a potential target of telomere-based molecular @entity1 therapy.

title: [Effect of tankyrase antisense oligonucleotide combined XXXX telomerase reverse transcriptase antisense oligonucleotide on telomere dynamics in @entity0 @entity3 A549 cells].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Tankyrase (TANKS) regulates telomerase-mediated telomere elongation and plays an important role in cellular senescence and immortalization. This study was to determine the effect of tankyrase antisense oligonucleotide (asTANKS) combined @entity0 telomerase reverse transcriptase antisense oligonucleotide (ashTERT) on telomere dynamics in @entity0 @entity3 A549 cells. METHODS: A549 cells were transfected with ashTERT, asTANKS, ashTERT combined asTANKS, and @entity0 telomerase reverse transcriptase sense oligonucleotide (shTERT), tankyrase sense oligonucleotide (sTANKS), or blank vector as control. The expression of @entity2 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Telomerase activity was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-PCR (ELISA-PCR). Tankyrase activity was detected by Western blot. Telomere length was analyzed by quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH). Cell proliferation was measured by population doubling test. RESULTS: The mRNA level and telomerase activity of @entity2 in A549 cells were strongly suppressed by ashTERT, but not by asTANKS; while tankyrase activity was significantly inhibited by asTANKS, not by ashTERT. Telomere length was significantly shorter in the cells treated with ashTERT combined asTANKS than in the cells treated with either ashTERT or asTANKS [(3.55+/-0.08) kb vs. (7.59+/-0.07) kb and (7.33+/-0.09) kb, t = 37.33, t = 32.50, P < 0.001]. The generational activity of the A549 cells continuously treated with ashTERT combined asTANKS was significantly weaker than those treated with either ashTERT or asTANKS [(24.53+/-0.40) @entity5 ( @entity5 ) vs. (56.92+/-0.46) @entity5 and (53.33+/-0.57) @entity5 , t = 53.38, t = 43.39, P < 0.001]. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of ashTERT and asTANKS can enhance the efficacy of telomere @entity4 and hasten @entity1 cellular crisis. Tankyrase might be a potential target of telomere-based molecular @entity1 therapy.

title: [Effect of tankyrase antisense oligonucleotide combined @entity0 telomerase reverse transcriptase antisense oligonucleotide on telomere dynamics in XXXX @entity3 A549 cells].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: b-Blocking agents reduce @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity4 , but their potential benefit in dialysis @entity0 is unclear. We aimed to determine the feasibility of a @entity2 ( @entity2 ). STUDY DESIGN: Pilot @entity2 . SETTING _ @entity0 : @entity0 who received dialysis for 3 or more months and were 50 years or older (or  >= 18 years with @entity1 or @entity3 ) were recruited from 11 sites in Australia and New Zealand. We aimed to recruit 150 @entity0 . INTERVENTION: After a 6-week run-in with the b-blocker @entity7 , we randomly assigned @entity0 to treatment with @entity7 or placebo for 12 months. OUTCOMES _ MEASUREMENTS: The prespecified primary outcome was the proportion of @entity0 who tolerated @entity7 , 6.25mg, twice daily during the run-in period. After randomization, we report @entity0 withdrawal and the incidence of @entity5 ( @entity5 ). RESULTS: Of 1,443 @entity0 screened, 354 were eligible, 91 consented, and 72 entered the run-in stage. 49 of 72 run-in @entity0 (68%; 95% CI, 57%-79%) achieved the primary outcome. 5 of the 23 withdrawals from run-in were attributable to @entity6 or @entity5 . After randomization, 10 of 26 allocated to @entity7 and 4 of 23 allocated to placebo withdrew. 4 @entity0 randomly assigned to @entity7 withdrew because of @entity6 or @entity5 . Overall, there were 4 @entity5 events per 100 hemodialysis sessions; in @entity0 allocated to @entity7 versus placebo, respectively, there were 7 versus 2 @entity5 events per 100 hemodialysis sessions (P=0.1) in the 2 weeks immediately following a dose increase and 4 versus 3 @entity5 events per 100 hemodialysis sessions after no dose increase (P=0.7). LIMITATIONS: Unable to recruit planned sample size. CONCLUSIONS: Recruiting @entity0 receiving dialysis to an @entity2 of b-blocker versus placebo will prove challenging. Possible solutions include international collaboration and exploring novel trial designs such as a registry-based @entity2 .

title: The b-Blocker to Lower XXXX Events (BLOCADE) Feasibility Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the magnetic susceptibility of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) at various stages by applying @entity4 ( @entity4 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood susceptibility was measured serially using @entity4 after venous blood withdrawal from healthy subjects. Forty-two @entity0 who provided written consent were recruited in this Institutional Review Board-approved study. Gradient echo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of the 42 @entity0 (17 females; 64        12 years) with @entity2 were processed with @entity4 . The susceptibilities of various blood products within @entity1 were measured on @entity4 . RESULTS: Blood susceptibility continually increased and reached a plateau 96 hours after venous blood withdrawal. @entity1 at all stages were consistently hyperintense on @entity4 . Susceptibility was 0.57        0.48, 1.30        0.33, 1.14        0.46, 0.40        0.13, and 0.71        0.31   ppm for hyperacute, acute, early subacute, late subacute, and chronic stages of @entity1 , respectively. The susceptibility decrease from early subacute (1.14   ppm) to late subacute (0.4   ppm) was significant (P   <   0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity4 reveals positive susceptibility in hyperacute @entity1 , indicating that even at their hyperacute stage, deoxyhemoglobin may exist throughout the @entity1 volume, not just at its rim, as seen on conventional T2* imaging. @entity4 also reveals a reduction of susceptibility from early subacute to late subacute @entity2 , suggesting that @entity3 concentration decreases at the late subacute stage. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping of XXXX at Various Stages.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We studied the prognostic factors for progression and disease-specific survival in @entity0 with Stage T1 @entity2 to identify subgroups with different prognoses. METHODS: All 121 @entity0 with Stage T1 @entity2 at first diagnosis in 1987 to 1988 in a large region were prospectively registered. The histopathologic material and the clinical records were reviewed. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses of the clinical and pathologic factors of potential significance for the time to progression and disease-specific survival. At the end of the study, only 18 @entity0 (15%) were alive and had been followed up for a median of 15 years. RESULTS: On univariate analysis, vascular invasion, @entity1 pattern, deep invasion, grade 3 disease, and @entity3 in situ were associated with an increased risk of progression. The multivariate analysis showed that only vascular invasion and @entity1 pattern had independent prognostic value for progression. Vascular invasion and a @entity1 pattern also had independent prognostic value for disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 who have Stage T1 @entity2 with a @entity1 pattern and/or vascular invasion have a very poor prognosis when treated with transurethral resection only. It is unknown whether intravesical bacille Calmette-Gu  rin treatment can improve the poor prognosis in such cases.

title: Prognostic factors in stage T1 XXXX : @entity1 pattern (solid or papillary) and vascular invasion more important than depth of invasion.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We studied the prognostic factors for progression and disease-specific survival in @entity0 with Stage T1 @entity2 to identify subgroups with different prognoses. METHODS: All 121 @entity0 with Stage T1 @entity2 at first diagnosis in 1987 to 1988 in a large region were prospectively registered. The histopathologic material and the clinical records were reviewed. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses of the clinical and pathologic factors of potential significance for the time to progression and disease-specific survival. At the end of the study, only 18 @entity0 (15%) were alive and had been followed up for a median of 15 years. RESULTS: On univariate analysis, vascular invasion, @entity1 pattern, deep invasion, grade 3 disease, and @entity3 in situ were associated with an increased risk of progression. The multivariate analysis showed that only vascular invasion and @entity1 pattern had independent prognostic value for progression. Vascular invasion and a @entity1 pattern also had independent prognostic value for disease-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 who have Stage T1 @entity2 with a @entity1 pattern and/or vascular invasion have a very poor prognosis when treated with transurethral resection only. It is unknown whether intravesical bacille Calmette-Gu  rin treatment can improve the poor prognosis in such cases.

title: Prognostic factors in stage T1 @entity2 : XXXX pattern (solid or papillary) and vascular invasion more important than depth of invasion.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The comorbidity of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity3 , and @entity5 is common among veterans. Prior research has shown that among veterans with @entity4 and @entity3 , those with @entity5 did not maintain @entity1 as well as those without @entity5 . Thus, the current study was designed to evaluate whether adding @entity2 -focused treatment following an initial group-based @entity1 ( @entity1 ) for @entity4 and @entity3 improved treatment outcomes. @entity0 were 123 veterans (89% male) recruited from the VA San Diego Healthcare System. All @entity0 received @entity1 in twice weekly, group-delivered sessions for 12 weeks (Phase 1). @entity0 were then randomized to receive 12 sessions of individual follow-up sessions (Phase 2) utilizing either @entity1 or cognitive processing therapy that was modified to integrate @entity4 treatment ( @entity6 -M). Results indicated that @entity5 and @entity3 symptoms slightly improved at the end of Phase 1 group @entity1 and further improved through Phase 2 individual treatment (except for @entity0 without @entity5 who received @entity6 -M), with treatment gains maintained one year later. Substance use significantly improved at the end of Phase 1 group @entity1 and these improvements were maintained through Phase 2 and the one year follow-up. @entity0 in the @entity2 -focused Phase 2 treatment ( @entity6 -M) exhibited similar levels of symptom reduction and maintenance of treatment gains as those in the non- @entity2 -focused Phase 2 treatment ( @entity1 ). However, there was a slight advantage for Phase 2 @entity6 -M over Phase 2 @entity1 with respect to heavy drinking outcomes for individuals with @entity5 . Overall, the combination of group @entity1 followed by either @entity6 -M or @entity1 individual therapy appears to be effective for veterans with @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity2 history.

title: Integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Cognitive Processing Therapy for Adults With XXXX , Substance use Disorder, and @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The comorbidity of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity3 , and @entity5 is common among veterans. Prior research has shown that among veterans with @entity4 and @entity3 , those with @entity5 did not maintain @entity1 as well as those without @entity5 . Thus, the current study was designed to evaluate whether adding @entity2 -focused treatment following an initial group-based @entity1 ( @entity1 ) for @entity4 and @entity3 improved treatment outcomes. @entity0 were 123 veterans (89% male) recruited from the VA San Diego Healthcare System. All @entity0 received @entity1 in twice weekly, group-delivered sessions for 12 weeks (Phase 1). @entity0 were then randomized to receive 12 sessions of individual follow-up sessions (Phase 2) utilizing either @entity1 or cognitive processing therapy that was modified to integrate @entity4 treatment ( @entity6 -M). Results indicated that @entity5 and @entity3 symptoms slightly improved at the end of Phase 1 group @entity1 and further improved through Phase 2 individual treatment (except for @entity0 without @entity5 who received @entity6 -M), with treatment gains maintained one year later. Substance use significantly improved at the end of Phase 1 group @entity1 and these improvements were maintained through Phase 2 and the one year follow-up. @entity0 in the @entity2 -focused Phase 2 treatment ( @entity6 -M) exhibited similar levels of symptom reduction and maintenance of treatment gains as those in the non- @entity2 -focused Phase 2 treatment ( @entity1 ). However, there was a slight advantage for Phase 2 @entity6 -M over Phase 2 @entity1 with respect to heavy drinking outcomes for individuals with @entity5 . Overall, the combination of group @entity1 followed by either @entity6 -M or @entity1 individual therapy appears to be effective for veterans with @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity2 history.

title: Integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Versus Cognitive Processing Therapy for Adults With @entity3 , Substance use Disorder, and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress increases in @entity0 with @entity3 and exaggerates the related comorbidities. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with decaffeinated green tea extract ( @entity10 ) on hemodialysis-induced reactive @entity1 species, @entity5 risk factors, and proinflammatory cytokines. DESIGN: We enrolled 6 healthy subjects and 54 hemodialysis @entity0 for the study. First, the pharmacokinetics of one oral dose of @entity10 was compared between healthy subjects (n = 6) and hemodialysis @entity0 (n = 10). Second, in the 10 hemodialysis @entity0 , we compared the antioxidant effects of 3 different doses (0, 455, and 910 mg) of oral @entity10 with that of oral @entity4 (500 mg) during a hemodialysis session. Third, the other 44 hemodialysis @entity0 participated in a 7-mo interventional study, in which 30 @entity0 received placebo throughout and 14 @entity0 received @entity10 (455 mg/d) from the third to the fifth month. RESULTS: After one oral dose, the hemodialysis @entity0 (n = 10) had later peaks and slower decay of plasma @entity10 than did the healthy subjects. In the 10 hemodialysis @entity0 , @entity9 supplementation reduced hemodialysis-enhanced plasma @entity8 activity more effectively than did placebo or @entity4 . Between treatments with 455 or 910 mg @entity10 , no significant difference was found in the reduction of plasma @entity8 activity. @entity10 also significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression enhanced by hemodialysis. In the 7-mo interventional study, the 14 @entity0 who received daily supplementation of @entity10 for 3 mo had less predialysis plasma @entity2 activity, lower @entity8 activity, and lower @entity7 , @entity6 , and proinflammatory cytokine concentrations than did the 30 hemodialysis @entity0 who received placebo. CONCLUSION: @entity10 reduce hemodialysis-induced production of @entity2 and @entity8 , @entity5 risk factors, and proinflammation.

title: Chronic green tea extract supplementation reduces hemodialysis-enhanced production of XXXX and @entity8 , @entity5 factors, and proinflammatory cytokines.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress increases in @entity0 with @entity3 and exaggerates the related comorbidities. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with decaffeinated green tea extract ( @entity10 ) on hemodialysis-induced reactive @entity1 species, @entity5 risk factors, and proinflammatory cytokines. DESIGN: We enrolled 6 healthy subjects and 54 hemodialysis @entity0 for the study. First, the pharmacokinetics of one oral dose of @entity10 was compared between healthy subjects (n = 6) and hemodialysis @entity0 (n = 10). Second, in the 10 hemodialysis @entity0 , we compared the antioxidant effects of 3 different doses (0, 455, and 910 mg) of oral @entity10 with that of oral @entity4 (500 mg) during a hemodialysis session. Third, the other 44 hemodialysis @entity0 participated in a 7-mo interventional study, in which 30 @entity0 received placebo throughout and 14 @entity0 received @entity10 (455 mg/d) from the third to the fifth month. RESULTS: After one oral dose, the hemodialysis @entity0 (n = 10) had later peaks and slower decay of plasma @entity10 than did the healthy subjects. In the 10 hemodialysis @entity0 , @entity9 supplementation reduced hemodialysis-enhanced plasma @entity8 activity more effectively than did placebo or @entity4 . Between treatments with 455 or 910 mg @entity10 , no significant difference was found in the reduction of plasma @entity8 activity. @entity10 also significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression enhanced by hemodialysis. In the 7-mo interventional study, the 14 @entity0 who received daily supplementation of @entity10 for 3 mo had less predialysis plasma @entity2 activity, lower @entity8 activity, and lower @entity7 , @entity6 , and proinflammatory cytokine concentrations than did the 30 hemodialysis @entity0 who received placebo. CONCLUSION: @entity10 reduce hemodialysis-induced production of @entity2 and @entity8 , @entity5 risk factors, and proinflammation.

title: Chronic green tea extract supplementation reduces hemodialysis-enhanced production of @entity2 and XXXX , @entity5 factors, and proinflammatory cytokines.

answer: @entity8