abstract: Although @entity3 is regarded as a well-defined entity, contradictory data on pleural fluid characteristics have been presented, with some papers classifying it as a transudate, whereas others stating that it is an exudate.The aims of the study were: (1) to evaluate pleural fluid characteristics in @entity0 with @entity3 and (2) to analyze the prevalence of transudative and exudative @entity2 in relation to the applied definition of the syndrome.We performed a search through medical databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR) to identify papers on @entity3 published between 1940 and 2013. Two authors independently reviewed each paper searching for prespecified data: (1) signs and symptoms, (2) @entity1 characteristics, (3) clinical and laboratory data on ascites, (4) clinical, radiological, and laboratory data on pleural fluid, (5) clinical course after @entity1 removal. All case reports were reclassified according to a new unequivocal classification of @entity3 -related entities.A total of 653 papers were initially identified, and 454 articles reporting 541 @entity0 were included in the final analysis. After reclassification according to our case definitions, there were 196, 113, and 108 @entity0 defined as classic @entity3 , nonclassic @entity3 , and @entity3 , respectively. Significantly more @entity0 presented with right-sided than left-sided and bilateral @entity2 (P<0.001). Median volume of withdrawn pleural fluid was 2950 (1500-6000) mL. The classification of @entity2 with the use of Light's criteria was possible in only 7 @entity0 . In 6 of these @entity0 @entity2 met the criteria for an exudate. When the protein concentration > 3.0g/dL was applied as a criterion of pleural exudate, 88.8% (80/90) of effusions were classified as exudates. Increasing the cut-off level to 3.5g/dL resulted in only a modest decrease in the percentage of exudative effusions (81%, 73/90).Surprisingly few reports on @entity3 present data reliably defining the character of @entity2 . The available data indicate, however, that the majority of @entity2 in @entity0 with this entity are exudates. This finding may be a prerequisite for the verification of some earlier presented concepts.

title: XXXX in Meigs' Syndrome-Transudate or Exudate?: Systematic Review of the Literature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity7 ( @entity6 -001) is a novel naturally occurring replication-competent picornavirus with potent and selective tropism for neuroendocrine @entity1 cell types, including @entity3 . We conducted a first-in- @entity0 , first-in-class phase I clinical trial of this agent in @entity0 with @entity1 with @entity4 , including @entity3 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Clinical evaluation of single intravenous doses in @entity0 with @entity1 with @entity4 was performed across five log-increments from 10(7) to 10(11) vp/kg. @entity2 , viral titers and clearance, neutralizing antibody development, and @entity1 response were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 30 @entity0 were treated with @entity6 -001, including six with @entity5 at the lowest dose of 10(7) vp/kg. @entity6 -001 was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting @entity2 observed in any dose cohort. Viral clearance was documented in all subjects and correlated temporally with development of antiviral antibodies. Evidence of in vivo intratumoral viral replication was observed among @entity0 with @entity5 , with peak viral titers estimated to be >10(3)-fold higher than the administered dose. One @entity0 with previously progressive @entity3 remained progression-free for 10 months after @entity6 -001 administration, and is alive over 3 years after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous @entity6 -001 administration in @entity0 is well tolerated at doses up to 10(11) vp/kg, with predictable viral clearance kinetics, intratumoral viral replication, and evidence of antitumor activity in @entity0 with @entity3 . Phase II clinical evaluation in @entity3 is warranted, and has been initiated.

title: Phase I clinical study of @entity7 ( XXXX -001), a replication-competent picornavirus, in advanced solid @entity1 with @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity7 ( @entity6 -001) is a novel naturally occurring replication-competent picornavirus with potent and selective tropism for neuroendocrine @entity1 cell types, including @entity3 . We conducted a first-in- @entity0 , first-in-class phase I clinical trial of this agent in @entity0 with @entity1 with @entity4 , including @entity3 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Clinical evaluation of single intravenous doses in @entity0 with @entity1 with @entity4 was performed across five log-increments from 10(7) to 10(11) vp/kg. @entity2 , viral titers and clearance, neutralizing antibody development, and @entity1 response were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 30 @entity0 were treated with @entity6 -001, including six with @entity5 at the lowest dose of 10(7) vp/kg. @entity6 -001 was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting @entity2 observed in any dose cohort. Viral clearance was documented in all subjects and correlated temporally with development of antiviral antibodies. Evidence of in vivo intratumoral viral replication was observed among @entity0 with @entity5 , with peak viral titers estimated to be >10(3)-fold higher than the administered dose. One @entity0 with previously progressive @entity3 remained progression-free for 10 months after @entity6 -001 administration, and is alive over 3 years after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous @entity6 -001 administration in @entity0 is well tolerated at doses up to 10(11) vp/kg, with predictable viral clearance kinetics, intratumoral viral replication, and evidence of antitumor activity in @entity0 with @entity3 . Phase II clinical evaluation in @entity3 is warranted, and has been initiated.

title: Phase I clinical study of XXXX ( @entity6 -001), a replication-competent picornavirus, in advanced solid @entity1 with @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity7 ( @entity6 -001) is a novel naturally occurring replication-competent picornavirus with potent and selective tropism for neuroendocrine @entity1 cell types, including @entity3 . We conducted a first-in- @entity0 , first-in-class phase I clinical trial of this agent in @entity0 with @entity1 with @entity4 , including @entity3 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Clinical evaluation of single intravenous doses in @entity0 with @entity1 with @entity4 was performed across five log-increments from 10(7) to 10(11) vp/kg. @entity2 , viral titers and clearance, neutralizing antibody development, and @entity1 response were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 30 @entity0 were treated with @entity6 -001, including six with @entity5 at the lowest dose of 10(7) vp/kg. @entity6 -001 was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting @entity2 observed in any dose cohort. Viral clearance was documented in all subjects and correlated temporally with development of antiviral antibodies. Evidence of in vivo intratumoral viral replication was observed among @entity0 with @entity5 , with peak viral titers estimated to be >10(3)-fold higher than the administered dose. One @entity0 with previously progressive @entity3 remained progression-free for 10 months after @entity6 -001 administration, and is alive over 3 years after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous @entity6 -001 administration in @entity0 is well tolerated at doses up to 10(11) vp/kg, with predictable viral clearance kinetics, intratumoral viral replication, and evidence of antitumor activity in @entity0 with @entity3 . Phase II clinical evaluation in @entity3 is warranted, and has been initiated.

title: Phase I clinical study of @entity7 ( @entity6 -001), a replication-competent picornavirus, in advanced solid XXXX with @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity7 ( @entity6 -001) is a novel naturally occurring replication-competent picornavirus with potent and selective tropism for neuroendocrine @entity1 cell types, including @entity3 . We conducted a first-in- @entity0 , first-in-class phase I clinical trial of this agent in @entity0 with @entity1 with @entity4 , including @entity3 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Clinical evaluation of single intravenous doses in @entity0 with @entity1 with @entity4 was performed across five log-increments from 10(7) to 10(11) vp/kg. @entity2 , viral titers and clearance, neutralizing antibody development, and @entity1 response were assessed. RESULTS: A total of 30 @entity0 were treated with @entity6 -001, including six with @entity5 at the lowest dose of 10(7) vp/kg. @entity6 -001 was well tolerated, with no dose-limiting @entity2 observed in any dose cohort. Viral clearance was documented in all subjects and correlated temporally with development of antiviral antibodies. Evidence of in vivo intratumoral viral replication was observed among @entity0 with @entity5 , with peak viral titers estimated to be >10(3)-fold higher than the administered dose. One @entity0 with previously progressive @entity3 remained progression-free for 10 months after @entity6 -001 administration, and is alive over 3 years after treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous @entity6 -001 administration in @entity0 is well tolerated at doses up to 10(11) vp/kg, with predictable viral clearance kinetics, intratumoral viral replication, and evidence of antitumor activity in @entity0 with @entity3 . Phase II clinical evaluation in @entity3 is warranted, and has been initiated.

title: Phase I clinical study of @entity7 ( @entity6 -001), a replication-competent picornavirus, in advanced solid @entity1 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Muscle @entity2 prevents repetitive use of paralyzed muscle after @entity3 ( @entity3 ). OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effects of hybrid patterns of muscle stimulation in individuals with acute and chronic @entity3 . METHODS: Individuals with chronic (n = 11) or acute @entity1 (n = 3) underwent soleus muscle activation with a constant (CT) or doublet (DT) stimulation train before and at various times after a @entity2 protocol. RESULTS: The chronically paralyzed soleus was highly fatigable with a @entity2 index (FI) of 19%    6%, whereas the acutely paralyzed soleus was @entity2 resistant (FI = 89%    8%). For the chronically paralyzed group, the DT protocol caused less than 5% improvement in peak and mean force relative to the CT protocol before @entity2 ; however, after @entity2 the DT protocol caused an increase in peak and mean force (>10%), compared with the CT protocol (P < .05). As the chronically paralyzed muscle developed low-frequency @entity2 , the DT protocol became more effective than the CT protocol (P < .05). The DT protocol increased the rate of torque development before @entity2 (42%    78%), after @entity2 (62%    52%), and during recovery (87%    54% to 101%    56%; P < .05). The acutely paralyzed group showed minimal change in peak and mean torque with the DT protocol. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic reduced activity is associated with muscle adaptations (slow to fast) that render the muscle more amenable to force enhancement through doublet train activation after @entity2 . These findings are applicable to @entity0 using neuromuscular stimulation.

title: Doublet electrical stimulation enhances torque production in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Muscle @entity2 prevents repetitive use of paralyzed muscle after @entity3 ( @entity3 ). OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effects of hybrid patterns of muscle stimulation in individuals with acute and chronic @entity3 . METHODS: Individuals with chronic (n = 11) or acute @entity1 (n = 3) underwent soleus muscle activation with a constant (CT) or doublet (DT) stimulation train before and at various times after a @entity2 protocol. RESULTS: The chronically paralyzed soleus was highly fatigable with a @entity2 index (FI) of 19%    6%, whereas the acutely paralyzed soleus was @entity2 resistant (FI = 89%    8%). For the chronically paralyzed group, the DT protocol caused less than 5% improvement in peak and mean force relative to the CT protocol before @entity2 ; however, after @entity2 the DT protocol caused an increase in peak and mean force (>10%), compared with the CT protocol (P < .05). As the chronically paralyzed muscle developed low-frequency @entity2 , the DT protocol became more effective than the CT protocol (P < .05). The DT protocol increased the rate of torque development before @entity2 (42%    78%), after @entity2 (62%    52%), and during recovery (87%    54% to 101%    56%; P < .05). The acutely paralyzed group showed minimal change in peak and mean torque with the DT protocol. CONCLUSIONS: Chronic reduced activity is associated with muscle adaptations (slow to fast) that render the muscle more amenable to force enhancement through doublet train activation after @entity2 . These findings are applicable to @entity0 using neuromuscular stimulation.

title: Doublet electrical stimulation enhances torque production in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the @entity9 in order to identify their current place in therapy for the treatment of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). DATA SOURCES: Literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1966-October 2010 week 1), EMBASE (1980-2010 week 40), and a bibliographic review of published articles using the search terms @entity6 , @entity8 , and @entity10 . Articles were limited to clinical trials conducted in @entity0 and published in the English language. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Head-to-head clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of the @entity9 in @entity0 with @entity6 were critically reviewed. Trials evaluating @entity7 were excluded due to its limited clinical use. DATA SYNTHESIS: @entity9 are an integral part of the treatment of @entity6 . Prior to the approval of @entity10 , @entity8 was considered the agent of choice due to safety concerns associated with @entity7 . A randomized controlled trial comparing @entity10 and @entity8 has demonstrated superior efficacy with @entity10 , and post hoc analyses suggest additional benefit with @entity10 is derived in @entity0 with ST-segment elevation @entity5 and @entity0 with @entity1 . However, safety concerns exist linking @entity10 with an increased risk of @entity4 , which diminishes its advantage in elderly @entity0 , underweight @entity0 , and those with a history of @entity3 . Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies discussing differences in response variability, platelet inhibition, interactions with proton pump inhibitors, and genetic factors between the @entity9 are numerous, although more clinical data are needed to determine clinical implications. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical trial data have suggested @entity10 is superior to @entity8 at preventing @entity2 events in @entity0 with @entity6 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. However, this coincides with an increased risk of @entity4 . Clinicians must carefully interpret the current evidence, including limitations in study design and pharmacologic differences between agents, in order to balance the risks and benefits as new data become available.

title: XXXX in @entity6 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the @entity9 in order to identify their current place in therapy for the treatment of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). DATA SOURCES: Literature was accessed through MEDLINE (1966-October 2010 week 1), EMBASE (1980-2010 week 40), and a bibliographic review of published articles using the search terms @entity6 , @entity8 , and @entity10 . Articles were limited to clinical trials conducted in @entity0 and published in the English language. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: Head-to-head clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of the @entity9 in @entity0 with @entity6 were critically reviewed. Trials evaluating @entity7 were excluded due to its limited clinical use. DATA SYNTHESIS: @entity9 are an integral part of the treatment of @entity6 . Prior to the approval of @entity10 , @entity8 was considered the agent of choice due to safety concerns associated with @entity7 . A randomized controlled trial comparing @entity10 and @entity8 has demonstrated superior efficacy with @entity10 , and post hoc analyses suggest additional benefit with @entity10 is derived in @entity0 with ST-segment elevation @entity5 and @entity0 with @entity1 . However, safety concerns exist linking @entity10 with an increased risk of @entity4 , which diminishes its advantage in elderly @entity0 , underweight @entity0 , and those with a history of @entity3 . Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies discussing differences in response variability, platelet inhibition, interactions with proton pump inhibitors, and genetic factors between the @entity9 are numerous, although more clinical data are needed to determine clinical implications. CONCLUSIONS: Clinical trial data have suggested @entity10 is superior to @entity8 at preventing @entity2 events in @entity0 with @entity6 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. However, this coincides with an increased risk of @entity4 . Clinicians must carefully interpret the current evidence, including limitations in study design and pharmacologic differences between agents, in order to balance the risks and benefits as new data become available.

title: @entity9 in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acute or chronic exposure to ionizing radiation is a factor that may be hazardous to health. It has been reported that exposure to low doses of radiation (less than 50 @entity2 /year) and subsequently exposure to high doses produces greater effects in @entity0 . It has been reported that @entity0 who have been exposed to low doses of radiation (less than 50 @entity2 /year) and subsequently are exposed to high doses, have greater effects. However, at a molecular and biochemical level, it is an unknown alteration. This study, analyzes the susceptibility of a biological system (HeLa ATCC @entity3 @entity0 @entity1 cell line) to ionizing radiation (6 and 60 @entity2 /90s). Our research considers multiple variables such as: total protein profile, mitochondrial metabolic activity (XTT assay), cell viability ( @entity4 exclusion assay), cytoskeleton (actin microfilaments), nuclei (DAPI), and genomic DNA. The results indicate, that cells exposed to ionizing radiation show structural alterations in nuclear phenotype and aneuploidy, further disruption in the tight junctions and consequently on the distribution of actin microfilaments. Similar alterations were observed in cells treated with a genotoxic agent (200 M @entity5 /1h). In conclusion, this multi-criteria assessment enables precise comparisons of the effects of radiation between various line cells. However, it is necessary to determine stress markers for integration of the effects of ionizing radiation.

title: XXXX cells exposed to ionizing radiation: Structural and biochemical aspects.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1 ( @entity1 ), one of the most common benign lesions of the @entity0 vocal folds, has been associated with cigarette smoking. We have observed an abundant number of autophagosomes in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts in the lamina propria of @entity0 vocal folds under transmission electron microscopy in @entity1 tissue. Thus, we conducted a study about autophagy induced by @entity3 ( @entity3 ) exposure in cultured @entity0 vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFFs). METHODS: Sampled tissues were cultured and exposed to varying levels of @entity3 . Immunochemistry staining and Western blot analyses were then performed on the cultures. RESULTS: We demonstrated that @entity3 significantly promoted intracellular reactive @entity2 species accumulation and reduced the viability of hVFFs in a concentration-dependent manner. Both immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis showed increased expression of the autophagy marker type II-membrane-associated light chain 3 in fibroblasts following 24 h of @entity3 exposure, indicating the upregulation of autophagy activity. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the induction of autophagy played a protective role in hVFFs exposed to @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Autophagy can be induced by @entity3 in hVFFs, and it is a protective response of hVFFs to the exposure of @entity3 . This study provides a new insight into the process involved in the development of @entity1 .

title: The Protective Role of Autophagy in @entity0 Vocal Fold Fibroblasts under Cigarette Smoke Extract Exposure: A New Insight into the Study of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity1 ( @entity1 ), one of the most common benign lesions of the @entity0 vocal folds, has been associated with cigarette smoking. We have observed an abundant number of autophagosomes in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts in the lamina propria of @entity0 vocal folds under transmission electron microscopy in @entity1 tissue. Thus, we conducted a study about autophagy induced by @entity3 ( @entity3 ) exposure in cultured @entity0 vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFFs). METHODS: Sampled tissues were cultured and exposed to varying levels of @entity3 . Immunochemistry staining and Western blot analyses were then performed on the cultures. RESULTS: We demonstrated that @entity3 significantly promoted intracellular reactive @entity2 species accumulation and reduced the viability of hVFFs in a concentration-dependent manner. Both immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis showed increased expression of the autophagy marker type II-membrane-associated light chain 3 in fibroblasts following 24 h of @entity3 exposure, indicating the upregulation of autophagy activity. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the induction of autophagy played a protective role in hVFFs exposed to @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Autophagy can be induced by @entity3 in hVFFs, and it is a protective response of hVFFs to the exposure of @entity3 . This study provides a new insight into the process involved in the development of @entity1 .

title: The Protective Role of Autophagy in XXXX Vocal Fold Fibroblasts under Cigarette Smoke Extract Exposure: A New Insight into the Study of @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The culture of spermatogonial cells under well-defined conditions would be an important method for elucidating the mechanisms involved in spermatogenesis and in establishing tissue regeneration in vivo. In this study, a serum-free culture system was established, with type A spermatogonia isolated from adult @entity1 -deficient @entity0 . At days 1, 3 and 7 of culture, the viability and proliferation of cells were monitored. The viability of the cells decreased by day 7 to 10% of the cells present. Proliferation occurred mainly during day 1, when 1% of the germ cells was proliferating. Co-labelling for a germ cell marker ( @entity2 protein-90alpha, Hsp90alpha), and a marker used to detect dividing cells ( @entity3 , @entity3 ), showed that this proliferation was restricted to germ cells. In an attempt to improve these parameters, medium containing fetal calf serum (FCS) was used. Viability was not influenced by serum, but proliferation was markedly enhanced. However, after day 7 of incubation with FCS, co-immunolocalization for Hsp90alpha and @entity3 showed a preferential proliferation of somatic cells. Comparison of cultures of adult cells with cultures of prepubertal germ cells, commonly used in studies of spermatogenesis, showed that prepubertal germ cells are twice as viable. In addition, a different proliferation profile was observed, with a peak at day 3. Here, a distinct proliferation of somatic cells was also noted. The results from the present study indicate that the origin of isolated germ cells partly determines culture outcome and that cultures of prepubertal germ cells may not be representative for adult spermatogenesis. Moreover, adding FCS to the culture medium invokes the risk of profound and undesirable effects on cell composition, also underlining the need for identification of germ cells during culture.

title: Maintenance of adult XXXX type A spermatogonia in vitro: influence of serum and growth factors and comparison with prepubertal spermatogonial cell culture.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 is a selective, noncompetitive @entity1 receptor antagonist with demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in partial @entity2 in @entity0 aged >= 12 years in Phase III studies. Post-hoc analysis of these studies was conducted to determine the efficacy and tolerability of @entity5 based on the number of concomitant @entity3 ( @entity3 ) at baseline, as well as to examine which baseline characteristics, if any, were predictors of efficacy. Efficacy parameters were based on the number of baseline @entity3 , and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of demographic and baseline clinical factors with probability of >= 50% reduction in @entity2 frequency. @entity0 on 1 AED at baseline were significantly more likely to have reduced @entity2 frequency (P<0.02) and improved 50% responder rate (P<0.02) than @entity0 on 3 @entity3 at baseline. Secondarily generalized @entity2 at baseline, unknown etiology, and use of concomitant non-inducer @entity3 were also established as positive predictors of efficacy (50% responder rate; P<0.01). @entity0 with more @entity3 at baseline were associated with greater use of inducers (P<0.01), which may result in decreased exposure of @entity5 in these @entity0 and lower efficacy. @entity0 with 1 AED at baseline had a significantly shorter time since diagnosis compared with @entity0 in the 3 (P<0.01) @entity3 group, as well as a lower median @entity2 frequency at baseline compared to @entity0 on 3 @entity3 (P<0.05), suggesting that the reduced efficacy of @entity5 with 3 @entity3 may also be associated with the greater severity of @entity2 in the @entity0 groups. The incidence of adverse events in @entity5 -treated @entity0 was similar regardless of the number of @entity3 at baseline. Greater efficacy is predicted for @entity0 receiving fewer concomitant @entity3 when starting @entity5 , as well as for those receiving concomitant treatment with @entity3 that are not @entity4 enzyme-inducers, compared to @entity0 treated with multiple concomitant @entity3 . The results of this study provide additional information for clinicians considering adding @entity5 to their @entity0 ' treatment regimen earlier rather than later, and offer evidence regarding the potential for increased efficacy with a decreased medication burden.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of adjunct @entity5 based on number of XXXX at baseline and baseline predictors of efficacy: A phase III post-hoc analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 is a selective, noncompetitive @entity1 receptor antagonist with demonstrated efficacy and tolerability in partial @entity2 in @entity0 aged >= 12 years in Phase III studies. Post-hoc analysis of these studies was conducted to determine the efficacy and tolerability of @entity5 based on the number of concomitant @entity3 ( @entity3 ) at baseline, as well as to examine which baseline characteristics, if any, were predictors of efficacy. Efficacy parameters were based on the number of baseline @entity3 , and logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association of demographic and baseline clinical factors with probability of >= 50% reduction in @entity2 frequency. @entity0 on 1 AED at baseline were significantly more likely to have reduced @entity2 frequency (P<0.02) and improved 50% responder rate (P<0.02) than @entity0 on 3 @entity3 at baseline. Secondarily generalized @entity2 at baseline, unknown etiology, and use of concomitant non-inducer @entity3 were also established as positive predictors of efficacy (50% responder rate; P<0.01). @entity0 with more @entity3 at baseline were associated with greater use of inducers (P<0.01), which may result in decreased exposure of @entity5 in these @entity0 and lower efficacy. @entity0 with 1 AED at baseline had a significantly shorter time since diagnosis compared with @entity0 in the 3 (P<0.01) @entity3 group, as well as a lower median @entity2 frequency at baseline compared to @entity0 on 3 @entity3 (P<0.05), suggesting that the reduced efficacy of @entity5 with 3 @entity3 may also be associated with the greater severity of @entity2 in the @entity0 groups. The incidence of adverse events in @entity5 -treated @entity0 was similar regardless of the number of @entity3 at baseline. Greater efficacy is predicted for @entity0 receiving fewer concomitant @entity3 when starting @entity5 , as well as for those receiving concomitant treatment with @entity3 that are not @entity4 enzyme-inducers, compared to @entity0 treated with multiple concomitant @entity3 . The results of this study provide additional information for clinicians considering adding @entity5 to their @entity0 ' treatment regimen earlier rather than later, and offer evidence regarding the potential for increased efficacy with a decreased medication burden.

title: Efficacy and tolerability of adjunct XXXX based on number of @entity3 at baseline and baseline predictors of efficacy: A phase III post-hoc analysis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Graft inclusion and vessel reattachment to openings made in the graft were employed in the treatment of 605 @entity0 with @entity14 . These @entity0 were divided into four groups on the basis of the extent of @entity10 . Group I consisted of those @entity0 with involvement of most of the descending thoracic and upper abdominal aorta; group II involved most of the descending thoracic aorta and most or all of the abdominal aorta; group III involved the distal descending thoracic aorta and varying segments of abdominal aorta; and group IV involved most or all of the abdominal aorta including the segment from which the visceral vessels arose. The cause of @entity10 formation was medial degenerative disease in 80%, and dissection in 17%; other causes were responsible in the remaining 3%. The median age was 65 years and associated diseases including @entity10 involving other segments, @entity11 , @entity7 , @entity12 ( @entity12 ), @entity4 , and @entity5 were frequent. The @entity10 was symptomatic in 70% of cases and @entity8 had occurred in 4% of cases. There were 54 (8.9%) early (30-day) deaths and 151 late deaths; 400 (66%) @entity0 were still alive 3 months to 20 years after operation, including 60% at 5 years. Statistically significant pre- and intraoperative variables by univariate analysis that were predictive of increased risk of @entity6 were advancing age, associated diseases that included @entity9 , @entity11 , @entity5 , and long aortic clamp time. Three of these (age, clamp time, and the presence of @entity12 ) retained significance by multivariate analysis. Variables predictive of risk of late death were age, dissection, extent of @entity10 , @entity8 , @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity12 , @entity4 , and poor renal function. Age, @entity8 , @entity1 , extent of @entity10 , and dissection retained their significance by multivariate analysis. Variables predictive of @entity2 of the lower extremities included @entity8 , reattachment of intercostal and lumbar arteries, clamp time, dissection, extent and age. @entity8 , reattachment of vessels, dissection, and extent of @entity10 retained significance by multivariate analysis. Thus, the risk of this complication was greatest in @entity0 with extensive lesions (group II) with @entity13 . The greatest risk of @entity5 after operation that required dialysis was in @entity0 who had @entity1 before operation. Methods employed did not prevent these complications.

title: XXXX : preoperative and intraoperative factors determining immediate and long-term results of operations in 605 @entity0 .

answer: @entity14


abstract: Graft inclusion and vessel reattachment to openings made in the graft were employed in the treatment of 605 @entity0 with @entity14 . These @entity0 were divided into four groups on the basis of the extent of @entity10 . Group I consisted of those @entity0 with involvement of most of the descending thoracic and upper abdominal aorta; group II involved most of the descending thoracic aorta and most or all of the abdominal aorta; group III involved the distal descending thoracic aorta and varying segments of abdominal aorta; and group IV involved most or all of the abdominal aorta including the segment from which the visceral vessels arose. The cause of @entity10 formation was medial degenerative disease in 80%, and dissection in 17%; other causes were responsible in the remaining 3%. The median age was 65 years and associated diseases including @entity10 involving other segments, @entity11 , @entity7 , @entity12 ( @entity12 ), @entity4 , and @entity5 were frequent. The @entity10 was symptomatic in 70% of cases and @entity8 had occurred in 4% of cases. There were 54 (8.9%) early (30-day) deaths and 151 late deaths; 400 (66%) @entity0 were still alive 3 months to 20 years after operation, including 60% at 5 years. Statistically significant pre- and intraoperative variables by univariate analysis that were predictive of increased risk of @entity6 were advancing age, associated diseases that included @entity9 , @entity11 , @entity5 , and long aortic clamp time. Three of these (age, clamp time, and the presence of @entity12 ) retained significance by multivariate analysis. Variables predictive of risk of late death were age, dissection, extent of @entity10 , @entity8 , @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity12 , @entity4 , and poor renal function. Age, @entity8 , @entity1 , extent of @entity10 , and dissection retained their significance by multivariate analysis. Variables predictive of @entity2 of the lower extremities included @entity8 , reattachment of intercostal and lumbar arteries, clamp time, dissection, extent and age. @entity8 , reattachment of vessels, dissection, and extent of @entity10 retained significance by multivariate analysis. Thus, the risk of this complication was greatest in @entity0 with extensive lesions (group II) with @entity13 . The greatest risk of @entity5 after operation that required dialysis was in @entity0 who had @entity1 before operation. Methods employed did not prevent these complications.

title: @entity14 : preoperative and intraoperative factors determining immediate and long-term results of operations in 605 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 in childhood are rare. However, @entity1 in a @entity0 may have an impact on the lung in a number of ways. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy may be directly toxic to the lung. Young @entity0 are particularly sensitive to the effects of radiotherapy, which can cause impairment of growth of muscle, skin and bone, in addition to its direct toxic effect on the underlying lung. The lung is vulnerable to infection - particularly protozoal, viral and fungal organisms, as well as bacterial. @entity0 undergoing bone marrow transplantation are at greater risk of @entity3 , as they are profoundly immunosuppressed and have received intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The underlying cause of @entity3 may be difficult to determine because of the complexity of treatment and the additional risk of @entity2 . In a small number of @entity0 , @entity3 may be fatal. However, for the many survivors, although @entity3 are frequently detected, these are rarely clinically significant and, with notable exceptions, do not appear to deteriorate with time. However, data remain scanty; there is a real need for ongoing prospective studies of lung function in survivors of childhood @entity1 .

title: XXXX and the lung.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A number of non-pharmacologic interventions have been developed and studied for the treatment of primary @entity1 in adults. Fifty-four non-pharmacological intervention studies published over the last 20 years were reviewed to determine how primary @entity1 was assessed and to characterize @entity0 participating in the studies. The main objectives were to inform clinicians who look to the literature for information on the treatment of @entity1 about selection and diagnosis of @entity0 , and to examine differences between clinic-based and research-based studies. Mean age for all @entity0 was 47 years; 65% were @entity0 . Studies typically used interview procedures to assess @entity0 . The most common exclusion criteria overall was @entity1 secondary to medical illness or @entity2 . Methods for assessing these criteria varied widely across studies. Inclusion most commonly required a 6-month duration of @entity1 , and sleep difficulty at least 3 nights per week. There were significant differences between clinic- and research-based studies in the screening assessments, exclusion criteria, and @entity0 drop-out rate. The heterogeneity in assessment and diagnosis complicates comparison across studies. Some studies were more likely to include severe @entity1 sufferers and/or individuals with secondary @entity1 . Comprehensive assessment and complete reporting of research methods is essential to determining the relative efficacy and clinical utility of interventions. Clinicians should be aware of the differences across studies from research vs. clinical settings. To enhance the generalizability of research-based studies to clinical practice, careful screening and description of study @entity0 is essential. When @entity0 are well-described, research-based studies can be useful and informative to clinicians.

title: Assessment and diagnosis of XXXX in non-pharmacological intervention studies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a common condition. Whether an apnoeic @entity0 should be considered for treatment depends on the @entity5 , the rating of the severity and the potential morbidity associated with this condition. We have reviewed several types of evidence that early treatments of @entity2 deserved. There is a natural evolution of @entity2 leading to spontaneous aggravation and an increased @entity3 in untreated @entity0 in clinical populations. @entity1 ( @entity1 ), the key symptom of the disease, can be found with very low apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI) and eliminated by adequate treatment. @entity3 are present with very low AHI and there is a high relative risk of developing @entity4 in the future when @entity0 present with mild @entity2 at baseline. The effect of treatment is significant when compared with placebo in the mildest forms of the disease. The clinical benefit, however, is mainly expected in terms of consequences for behavioural morbidity (i.e. reversibility of @entity1 and its related consequences) as the impact on @entity3 is more doubtful and may anyway not be observed on a short-term follow-up. Overall, any @entity2 that is clearly responsible for @entity1 should be considered for treatment. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that the cardiovascular risk has to be taken into account when deciding on treatment, even in asymptomatic @entity0 . All this evidence put together suggests early treatment in @entity2 .

title: Should all XXXX @entity0 be treated? Yes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a common condition. Whether an apnoeic @entity0 should be considered for treatment depends on the @entity5 , the rating of the severity and the potential morbidity associated with this condition. We have reviewed several types of evidence that early treatments of @entity2 deserved. There is a natural evolution of @entity2 leading to spontaneous aggravation and an increased @entity3 in untreated @entity0 in clinical populations. @entity1 ( @entity1 ), the key symptom of the disease, can be found with very low apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI) and eliminated by adequate treatment. @entity3 are present with very low AHI and there is a high relative risk of developing @entity4 in the future when @entity0 present with mild @entity2 at baseline. The effect of treatment is significant when compared with placebo in the mildest forms of the disease. The clinical benefit, however, is mainly expected in terms of consequences for behavioural morbidity (i.e. reversibility of @entity1 and its related consequences) as the impact on @entity3 is more doubtful and may anyway not be observed on a short-term follow-up. Overall, any @entity2 that is clearly responsible for @entity1 should be considered for treatment. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that the cardiovascular risk has to be taken into account when deciding on treatment, even in asymptomatic @entity0 . All this evidence put together suggests early treatment in @entity2 .

title: Should all @entity1 XXXX be treated? Yes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Eighty-four @entity1 weaned at birth were randomised to three groups, each of 28 animals. The amount of @entity2 contained in the feed was carefully assessed. Two groups were administered with @entity6 . The dose was calculated so as to administer a quantity of @entity2 close to the quantity that @entity1 would ingest in consuming alfalfa containing from 125 to 250 ppm @entity2 . The daily amount of @entity2 administered to the 1st group rose progressively between week 3 and week 8 from 0.45 to 2 mg/kg/day, then remained fixed until the animals were slaughtered. Group 2 received double amounts: from 0.90 mg/kg/day to 4 mg/kg/day between week 3 and week 8, at which level the amount was fixed. The treatment had no effect on the growth of the @entity1 : at week 17 their average weight was about 29 kg. Plasma levels of ionic @entity4 rose steadily up to week 9, at which they remained fixed at about 0.40 mg/l in group 1 and 0.75 mg/l in group 2, whereas they ranged between 0.10 and 0.15 mg/l in the controls. Ionic @entity4 averaged 28% of the total @entity2 in the controls, 42% in group 1 and 47% in group 2. @entity2 levels in the bones were very high (up to 2760 ppm in the mandibles in group 2). Reversely, @entity2 levels in the muscles were very low: 1.00 ppm in group 2. The biochemical paremeters @entity0 , @entity5 , @entity3 , transaminases, phosphatases and @entity7 transferases greatly varied in relation to the age of the animal but were not affected by @entity2 intake.

title: [Experimental study of fluorosis in XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Major surface protein 1 (MSP1) of the @entity2 pathogen @entity3 (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) is a complex of two proteins, MSP1a and MSP1b. Previous studies demonstrated that MSP1a and MSP1b are adhesins for @entity2 erythrocytes, while only MSP1a proved to be an adhesin for tick cells. In this study, a tick cell culture system for propagation of A. marginale was used to develop an infection inhibition assay for testing the ability of antisera to @entity1 of A. marginale for cultured tick cells. A. marginale derived from cell culture was incubated with various antisera prior to inoculation onto cell monolayers. The monolayers were harvested 7 days post-inoculation and A. marginale in the cultures was quantified using an antigen detection ELISA. Antisera tested in the infection inhibition assay were derived from persistently infected @entity2 , from @entity2 immunized with A. marginale purified from @entity2 erythrocytes, and from @entity0 and @entity2 that were immunized with the recombinant MSP1a, MSP1b and MSP1 complex. Antibodies from @entity2 persistently infected with A. marginale, @entity2 immunized with A. marginale from @entity2 erythrocytes or @entity2 immunized with the recombinant MSP1 complex did not inhibit the infectivity of A. marginale for tick cells. Antiserum from @entity0 immunized with MSP1a and MSP1b (individually or combined) reduced @entity1 isolates of A. marginale for tick cells by 25-70%. Likewise, antisera from @entity2 immunized with recombinant MSP1a or MSP1b inhibited infection of tick cells by 26-37%. These results further confirm the role of MSP1 complex proteins in infection of tick cells. Lack of inhibition of infection by antisera from naturally infected @entity2 or @entity2 immunized with whole organisms suggests that the @entity2 immune response is not directed toward blocking infection of A. marginale for tick cells and may contribute to the continued infectivity of the pathogen for ticks.

title: Antibodies to XXXX major surface proteins 1a and 1b inhibit infectivity for cultured tick cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The role of adrenoceptors in the control of parotid salivary function has been investigated in anaesthetized @entity0 . The enhancement of parotid protein output that occurs when the parasympathetic and sympathetic innervations to the gland are stimulated simultaneously in bursts at a low frequency (20 Hz for 1 s at 10-s intervals) was effectively abolished by pretreatment with @entity3 (> or = 1.0 mg kg(-1), i.v., P < 0.001), without a comparable reduction in the flow of saliva or in the output of @entity4 or @entity2 . Secretion of protein was similarly augmented by simultaneous stimulation of the sympathetic innervation and an intracarotid infusion of @entity1 (0.4-0.6 microg min(-1) g gland(-1)). This effect was also abolished by pretreatment with @entity3 . Pretreatment with @entity6 (>1.0 mg kg(-1), i.v.) had no effect on the output of protein that occurred during combined stimulation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic innervations but increased the flow of saliva and the output of electrolytes. Stimulation of the parasympathetic innervation to the parotid gland caused a substantial fall in vascular resistance, which was reduced by the administration of @entity5 (0.5 mg kg(-1)). Stimulation of the sympathetic innervation caused a substantial rise in parotid vascular resistance in atropinized @entity0 . This effect was greater during continuous stimulation than during intermittent stimulation and enhanced by pretreatment with @entity3 . It was virtually eliminated by pretreatment with @entity6 . It is concluded that the enhancement of protein output from the ovine parotid gland, that occurs during combined stimulation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic innervations at relatively low frequencies, depends upon interaction between cholinergic muscarinic and beta-adrenergic receptors. The vasoconstriction that occurs during sympathetic stimulation alone can be accounted for by activation of alpha-adrenoceptors.

title: Autonomic control of protein production by the parotid gland of the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Frequency and diagnostic significance of two @entity6 -specific antinuclear antibodies were examined in 104 @entity0 with progressive @entity3 (PSS). Antibodies against an antigen in the centromere region of chromosomes (centromere antibodies) were demonstrated by indirect immuno-fluorescence on HEp-2 cells in 18 @entity0 (17%) and antibodies against Scl-70 nucleoprotein (Scl-70 antibodies) by gel precipitation with soluble nuclear extracts (ENA) in 21 @entity0 (20%). In none of the @entity0 did both antibodies occur. In @entity0 with Scl-70 antibodies severe @entity1 was predominant with extensive @entity4 in 86%, lung involvement in 85% and joint involvement in 89%. Humoral inflammatory signs were marked in this group. @entity0 with centromere antibodies predominantly had acroscleroderma (56%) with subcutaneous @entity2 (83%) and @entity8 (83%), as known from the @entity7 . Humoral immune phenomena were rare. With regard to @entity5 , involvement of the oesophagus, age and the duration of disease, there was no difference between the two groups. On the other hand, in @entity0 with centromere antibodies lung involvement (22%) and joint involvement (35%) was significantly less common (P less than 0.01) than in all other @entity6 patients. Centromere antibodies and Scl-70 antibodies, which can be demonstrated already in the symptom-poor early phase of PSS, can thus be used as diagnostic parameters for different forms of PSS with differences in the degree of skin and organ involvement.

title: [Centromere antibodies and antibodies against Scl 70 nucleoprotein in progressive XXXX . Diagnostic and prognostic significance].

answer: @entity3


abstract: There is important geographic variation in the occurrence of the major @entity4 across Europe. The aim of this study was to determine whether between-center variation in limb @entity1 rates across Europe could be explained by variation in the incidence of @entity2 . @entity0 and @entity0 , aged 50-79 years, were recruited from population-based registers in 30 European centers. Subjects were followed by postal questionnaire to ascertain the occurrence of incident @entity1 , and were also asked about the occurrence and number of recent @entity2 . Self-reported @entity1 were confirmed, where possible, by review of the radiographs, medical record, or subject interview. The age- and gender-adjusted incidence of @entity2 was calculated by center using Poisson regression. Poisson regression was also used to assess the extent to which between-center differences in the incidence of limb @entity1 could be explained by differences in the age- and gender-adjusted incidence of @entity2 at those centers. In all, 6302 @entity0 (mean age 63.9 years) and 6761 @entity0 (mean age 63.1 years) completed at least one questionnaire concerning @entity1 and @entity2 . During a median follow-up time of 3 years, 3647 @entity2 were reported by @entity0 and 4783 by @entity0 . After adjusting for age and gender, there was evidence of significant between-center differences in the occurrence of @entity2 . There was also between-center variation in the occurrence of @entity3 , lower limb, and @entity1 . Variation in the age- and gender-adjusted center-specific fall rates explained 24%, 14%, and 6% of the between-center variation in incidence of distal forearm and upper and @entity1 , respectively. Given the constraints inherent in such an analysis, in @entity0 and @entity0 aged 50-79 years, variation in fall rates could explain a significant proportion of the between-center variation in the incidence of limb @entity1 across Europe.

title: Falls explain between-center differences in the incidence of limb XXXX across Europe.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endarterectomy reduces risk of @entity1 in certain @entity0 with recently symptomatic internal @entity2 . However, investigators have made different recommendations about the degree of @entity3 above which surgery is effective, partly because of differences between trials in the methods of measurement of @entity3 . To accurately assess the overall effect of surgery, and to increase power for secondary analyses, we pooled trial data and reassessed carotid angiograms. METHODS: We pooled data from the European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST), North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial, and Veterans Affairs trial 309 from the original electronic data files. Outcome events were re-defined, if necessary, to achieve comparability. Pre-randomisation carotid angiograms from ECST were re-measured by the method used in the other two trials. RESULTS: Risks of main outcomes in both treatment groups and effects of surgery did not differ between trials. Data for 6092 @entity0 , with 35000 @entity0 -years of follow-up, were therefore pooled. Surgery increased the 5-year risk of ipsilateral @entity1 in @entity0 with less than 30% @entity3 (n=1746, absolute risk reduction -2.2%, p=0.05), had no effect in @entity0 with 30-49% @entity3 (1429, 3.2%, p=0.6), was of marginal benefit in those with 50-69% @entity3 (1549, 4.6%, p=0.04), and was highly beneficial in those with 70% @entity3 or greater without near-occlusion (1095, 16.0%, p<0.001). There was a trend towards benefit from surgery in @entity0 with near-occlusion at 2 years' follow-up (262, 5.6%, p=0.19), but no benefit at 5 years (-1.7%, p=0.9). INTERPRETATION: Re-analysis of the trials with the same measurements and definitions yielded highly consistent results. Surgery is of some benefit for @entity0 with 50-69% symptomatic @entity3 , and highly beneficial for those with 70% symptomatic @entity3 or greater but without near-occlusion. Benefit in @entity0 with carotid near-occlusion is marginal in the short-term and uncertain in the long-term.

title: Analysis of pooled data from the randomised controlled trials of endarterectomy for symptomatic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We report the neuropathologic examination of a neonatal case of @entity5 (45,XO). We have found some mild irregularities in the cortical organization, notably in frontal and hippocampal regions. In the frontal @entity3 affected particularly the more superficial layers essentially sparing the migrating process which was largely achieved in its fundamental phases. The hippocampal dentate gyrus appeared abnormally infolded. The cerebellum was hypoplasic and contained three types of abnormalities, at least: abundant paradentate matrix cell nests, a large mass of @entity1 along the ventral wall of the 4th ventricle and, finally, multiple voluminous @entity6 (possibly, Purkinje cells) in the subcortical white matter. In addition, there were two small olivary @entity6 . The correct identification of all @entity2 has been possible for having employed the method of whole brain serial sectioning. We have correlated such cortical, cerebellar and truncal abnormalities to those encountered in similar conditions as lissencephaly, @entity7 and chromosomal trisomies. The pathogenetic mechanisms triggered by the absence of an X chromosome can affect the neuronal migration, but only after the cortical hemispheric one has been almost completely ended. This could explain why cerebellar and olivary neuronal migration are exclusively affected, being there the migration process chronologically slowed down during the normal neurogenesis. There means we might date after the 4th fetal months the neuronal migration trouble. Finally, we would suggest the soft cortical changes in such crucial regions as the frontal and hippocampal cortex to be possibly responsible for the degree of @entity4 seen in these @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Neuropathology of the XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: The spontaneous occurrnce of @entity7 and @entity6 movements in face muscles, particularly those of the perioral and mandibular regions, has been named @entity8 . Other @entity6 as spasmodic torticollis, @entity3 , @entity5 of the limbs may, eventually, be present in the same @entity0 . There is very little knowledge about the pathology of this disease. Many hypotheses concerning the pathophysiology of this entity have been put forward, most of them correlating the clinical response to several drugs with known action on the neurotransmitter system of the brain. There are some evidences that it may exist a dopaminergic preponderance in the disease. In the nigro-striatal pathway, one of the retrograde loops in the feed-back control of @entity1 synthesis by nigral neurons is dependent on @entity2 . Increasing @entity2 activity through @entity2 agonists that cross the blood-brain barrier could result in a decreased dopaminergic action in the nigro-striatal pathway and, thus, ameliorate the @entity6 which might have been produced by its increased function. We have used @entity4 , a @entity2 -agonist drug, to treat five @entity0 with @entity8 , in a single-blinded trial. These were four females and one male, with age ranging from 50 to 63 years. The drug was started at 20mg/day, being increased by 10mg each three days reaching a maximum dose of 70mg/day. One of the @entity0 showed marked improvement of @entity7 and @entity5 and a second @entity0 had a moderate improvement in the same symptoms. Another @entity0 showed moderate @entity5 , but had no benefit in the facial movements.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Treatment of Meige disease with a XXXX receptor agonist].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Numerous clinical trials of chemotherapy for @entity4 conducted throughout the world over the past 4 decades have established 2 basic principles of treatment: effective treatment requires the initial concomitant administration of at least 2 drugs to which the @entity0 's organisms are susceptible; and cure of @entity4 requires that treatment continue beyond the time of sputum conversion and amelioration of symptoms. The treatment of @entity4 was revolutionized in the late 1960s with the introduction of @entity5 . Shorter regimens of 6-9 months in duration became possible. Scores of trials of short-course chemotherapy have been conducted, and more are planned. The goals of the new treatment regimens are to achieve effective sterilization of the @entity3 in the shortest time possible. A table lists drugs now in use in the US and Canada and gives the usual doses, common side effects, and important interactions among drugs. Chemotherapeutic regimens acceptable for use in the US and Canada are well-defined combinations of drugs which must be regularly administered in the recommended dosages and rhythm for a specific time period. Regimens should be highly effective, i.e., a relapse rate of less than 5%, and have a low risk of toxic effects. Regimens also should be acceptable to @entity0 and applicable on a community-wide basis. The regimens recommended meet these criteria and are backed by well-conducted clinical trails. A 9-month regimen consisting of @entity6 and @entity5 throughout, usually supplemented in the initial phase by @entity7 , @entity8 , or @entity9 , is a well-tolerated regimen which will cure virtually all @entity0 with susceptible organisms. The initial daily phase may last 2-8 weeks; the continuation phase may be administered daily or twice weekly. These regimens have an overall bacteriologic relapse rate of between zero and 4%. When 4 drugs -- @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity9 , and either @entity7 or @entity8 -- are given under close during supervision during the initial 2 months of daily or "induction" therapy, followed by an additional 4 months of @entity6 and @entity5 , the results have been excellent. Where primary resistance to @entity6 or @entity8 is suspected, the @entity0 should be placed on 1 of the following 3 regimens: @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity7 ; @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity9 , and @entity8 ; or @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity9 , and @entity7 . Short-course chemotherapy for extrapulmonary @entity4 and chemotherapy of @entity4 in @entity0 are reviewed along with several conditions which affect therapy -- @entity4 during pregnancy, @entity2 , @entity1 and other conditions associated with immunosuppression, and drug interaction.

title: Standard therapy for XXXX 1985.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the optical coherence tomographic findings in eight eyes of four @entity0 with @entity1 . All @entity0 had a history of sun gazing months to years prior to presentation. DESIGN: Retrospective case series. METHODS: @entity0 were examined using biomicroscopy performed by two or more experienced vitreoretinal specialists. All eight eyes had optical coherence tomography performed at the time of initial examination. RESULTS: All @entity0 had a history of sun gazing and @entity2 . On biomicroscopy, all eyes had a small, irregularly-shaped lamellar defect in the foveal center. No @entity3 was present in any eye. Optical coherence tomography revealed a hyporeflective space at the level of the outer neurosensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium in all eyes. CONCLUSION: Optical coherence tomography demonstrates a characteristic hyporeflective space in the outer retina in @entity0 with @entity1 . These findings correlate with the histopathology of this condition and may be a useful clinical tool in confirming its diagnosis.

title: Optical coherence tomography of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To study straylight testing as a screening method for @entity1 after refractive surgery in demanding professions and to determine the distribution of elevations in straylight as a result of refractive surgery in a non-research setting in contrast with earlier reports in research settings. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. @entity0 AND CONTROLS: The refractive surgery population consisted of 373 eyes in 198 subjects with a history of refractive surgery. The reference population consisted of 402 eyes in 214 young individuals without a history of refractive surgery. METHODS: Data were collected as part of routine testing at The Queen Astrid Military Hospital (Belgium), an independent military institution responsible for medical fitness examinations. Intraocular straylight was measured with the commercially available C-Quant instrument (Oculus Optikger  te GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany), using the psychophysical compensation comparison (CC) method. Fellow eyes were compared to evaluate methodological aspects. The prevalence of impairment was evaluated for 2 age-independent cutoff criteria, a 2.0-fold and 3.2-fold increase, and an age-dependent cutoff criterion corresponding to an increase of 0.20 log units. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Methodological aspects such as repeatability, systematic differences, and distance to impaired scores, and prevalence of impaired straylight values after refractive surgery using proposed cutoff criteria. RESULTS: The CC method exhibited good repeatability, and the chance of impaired scores due to variability in measurement was small. The prevalence of impaired straylight values was minimal in the reference population. In the refractive population, 9% (33/373) of values were above the @entity2 .0 criterion, 2% (7/373) were above the factor 3.2 criterion, and 12% (45/373) were 0.20 log units above the age reference. CONCLUSIONS: Straylight testing is a viable screening method for @entity1 after refractive surgery. @entity0 from the general population who have undergone refractive surgery have significant elevations more frequently than surgery populations from high-quality research centers.

title: Straylight values after refractive surgery: screening for XXXX in demanding professions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The prognosis after @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is debated. The aim of this study was to assess health-related Quality of Life (QoL) and @entity1 30 months after treatment in European @entity0 with @entity6 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a prospective case-control designed study, we investigated 50 well-characterized @entity0 with @entity6 who had participated in a treatment trial for @entity6 30 months earlier and 50 matched control @entity0 with the health QoL questionnaire Short-Form 36 (SF-36), the @entity5 ( @entity5 ), the Montgomery and   sberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and the Mini Mental State (MMS). Clinical and demographic data were collected by semi-structured interviews and clinical neurological examination. RESULTS: @entity6 -treated @entity0 scored lower than control @entity0 in the SF-36 domains physical component summary (PCS) (44 vs 51 P < 0.001) and mental component summary (MCS) (49 vs 54 P = 0.010). They also scored lower than control @entity0 in all the SF-36 subscales, except for @entity2 , and on @entity5 (3.5 vs 2.1 P < 0.001), but not on MMS (28 vs 29 P = 0.106). There was a difference in MADRS (3.1 vs 0. 8 P = 0.003) and @entity4 (13 vs 11 P = 0.016), but the scores were low in both groups. Fatigue was the most frequently reported symptom among @entity6 -treated @entity0 (50%). @entity0 who reported complete recovery (56%) after @entity6 had similar QoL scores as the controls. CONCLUSION: European @entity0 treated for @entity6 have poorer health-related QoL and have more @entity3 than @entity0 without @entity6 .

title: XXXX : quality of life 30 months after treatment.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The dispersion of an inert bolus of helium (He) or @entity2 ( @entity3 ) was used as a direct, non-invasive measure of longitudinal gas mixing in the conducting airways of three @entity0 subjects. Penetration volume was determined as the milliliters of air inspired after bolus injection, and by computing the increase in mixing between bolus penetrations of 30 and 90 ml, mixing was characterized in the intervening upper airway compartment. Mixing in a central airway compartment was similarly evaluated as the increased mixing between bolus penetrations of 90 and 150 ml. To investigate mixing mechanisms during inspiration, inspiratory flow rate was varied between 0.2 and 1.8 L . @entity1 while the expiratory flow rate was held constant at 0.4 L . @entity1 and conversely, expiratory mixing mechanisms were studied at a fixed inspiratory flow of 0.4 L . @entity1 by varying expiratory flow from 0.2 to 2.4 L . @entity1 . Under all eight experimental conditions (i.e. two inert gases X two airway compartments X two variable flow half-cycles), the extent of SF6 mixing was found to be three times that of He, and this is indicative of a dispersion process in which radial diffusion limits longitudinal mixing. This was further supported by the positive correlation between mixing and expiratory flow in the upper airway compartment. Mixing in this compartment did not vary with inspiratory flow, possibly because of the influence of turbulence generated by the glottis. In the central airways, the effect of changes in both inspiratory and expiratory flow was insignificant.

title: Inert gas mixing in the upper and central airways of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: A lumbar disc prolapse is commonly seen in the adult population and as a result, the signs and symptoms are well recognised and easily treated. A disc prolapse, in the adolescent and particularly the paediatric age group, is very rare indeed. The signs and symptoms are atypical in this age group, and there is often difficulty in recognising the pathology. This can lead to delays in the diagnosis and treatment of a @entity1 . DISCUSSION: @entity3 in very young @entity0 can be hard to diagnose. There is limited information currently available in the literature on the topic of @entity3 in very young @entity0 . Overall, the surgical option in these @entity0 appears to have a favourable outcome. ILLUSTRATIVE CASE: This case highlights an 18-month-old @entity0 who was not able to walk, following a fall. The @entity0 had a normal neurological examination and normal bladder and bowel function. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan of her lumbar sacral spine indicated a large right paracentral L4/5 disc prolapse indenting the right anterolateral margin of the thecal sac and abutting the right L5 nerve root. She subsequently underwent a laminoplasty and excision of a sub-ligamentous L4/5 disc prolapse under an operating microscope. CONCLUSIONS: This case report highlights the problems in diagnosing an @entity2 prolapse in an 18-month-old @entity0 and reviews the current literature dealing with an acute disc prolapse in very young @entity0 .

title: XXXX in the very young: a case-based update.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A cross-sectional sero-survey, using a two-stage cluster sampling design, was conducted between 2002 and 2003 in ten administrative regions of central and southern Somalia, to estimate the seroprevalence and geographic distribution of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in the study area, as well as to identify potential risk factors for the observed seroprevalence distribution. The study was also used to test the feasibility of the spatially integrated investigation technique in nomadic and semi-nomadic pastoral systems. In the absence of a systematic list of livestock holdings, the primary sampling units were selected by generating random map coordinates. A total of 9,216 serum samples were collected from @entity1 aged 12 to 36 months at 562 sampling sites. Two apparent clusters of @entity2 seroprevalence were detected. Four potential risk factors associated with the observed seroprevalence were identified: the mobility of @entity1 herds, the @entity1 population density, the proximity of @entity1 herds to @entity1 trade routes and @entity1 herd size. Risk maps were then generated to assist in designing more targeted surveillance strategies. The observed seroprevalence in these areas declined over time. In subsequent years, similar seroprevalence studies in neighbouring areas of Kenya and Ethiopia also showed a very low seroprevalence of @entity2 or the absence of antibodies against @entity2 . The progressive decline in @entity2 antibody prevalence is consistent with virus extinction. Verification of freedom from @entity0 in the Somali ecosystem is currently in progress.

title: A sero-survey of XXXX in nomadic pastoral systems in central and southern Somalia from 2002 to 2003, using a spatially integrated random sampling approach.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptomatic @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a common @entity2 . It is often associated with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Optimum therapy for this condition was recently shown to be in-clinic @entity1 ( @entity1 ). More scientific studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of @entity1 and verify these evidence-based results. METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity0 aged 9-13 years were diagnosed with symptomatic @entity3 (n = 27) or combined symptomatic @entity3 and @entity4 (n = 30). They were independently divided into a treatment and a control group, matched by age and gender. The treatment group received 12 weeks of @entity1 while the control group received no therapy. A quality of life instrument documented the symptomatic @entity0 and charted improvement in symptoms after therapy. Clinical aspects were also assessed to determine the treatment effects on clinical findings. Twenty @entity0 in the treatment group completed a 1 year follow-up examination. RESULTS: Symptom scores and clinical measures of the treatment and control groups were not significantly different at baseline (p > 0.05), but showed significant differences after completion of 12 weeks of treatment (p < 0.001). No significant changes of either symptoms or signs were evident for the control group. One year follow-up examination revealed that most @entity0 maintained the improved symptom and clinical measures after @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study supports the notion that @entity1 is a successful method of treating @entity3 and @entity3 combined with @entity4 .

title: Effectiveness of @entity1 for convergence dysfunctions and long-term stability after XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Symptomatic @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a common @entity2 . It is often associated with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Optimum therapy for this condition was recently shown to be in-clinic @entity1 ( @entity1 ). More scientific studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of @entity1 and verify these evidence-based results. METHODS: Fifty-seven @entity0 aged 9-13 years were diagnosed with symptomatic @entity3 (n = 27) or combined symptomatic @entity3 and @entity4 (n = 30). They were independently divided into a treatment and a control group, matched by age and gender. The treatment group received 12 weeks of @entity1 while the control group received no therapy. A quality of life instrument documented the symptomatic @entity0 and charted improvement in symptoms after therapy. Clinical aspects were also assessed to determine the treatment effects on clinical findings. Twenty @entity0 in the treatment group completed a 1 year follow-up examination. RESULTS: Symptom scores and clinical measures of the treatment and control groups were not significantly different at baseline (p > 0.05), but showed significant differences after completion of 12 weeks of treatment (p < 0.001). No significant changes of either symptoms or signs were evident for the control group. One year follow-up examination revealed that most @entity0 maintained the improved symptom and clinical measures after @entity1 . CONCLUSION: This study supports the notion that @entity1 is a successful method of treating @entity3 and @entity3 combined with @entity4 .

title: Effectiveness of XXXX for convergence dysfunctions and long-term stability after @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: The study aims to evaluate the association of oesophageal damage with clinical data and feeding practices in @entity0 who suffered a caustic substance ingestion (CSI). METHODS: Cross-sectional design was used in this study. The setting was at a paediatric referral hospital in 2006. Ninety-four @entity0 with CSI were used as study samples, with mean age of 38.4 months, and 37.2% were females. The independent variable was oesophageal damage; the dependent variables were clinical data and feeding practices. RESULTS: Main symptoms included salivation, oropharyngeal burns and @entity1 . On endoscopy, 84.6% had second- or third-degree burns. Oesophageal stricture occurred in 48.9%. Severe burns were associated with oesophageal stricture and ingestion of alkaline products; @entity2 was associated with oesophageal stricture. In about one fourth of the cases, a nutritional intervention with complete and balanced liquid diets was required to maintain the adequate daily recommended intake (DRI). CONCLUSIONS: Alkali ingestion was associated with severe burns and oesophageal stricture. The presence of oesophageal strictures and @entity2 required changes in the feeding practices in order to maintain an adequate nutritional status and/or to complete their DRI.

title: Caustic ingestion and oesophageal damage in XXXX : Clinical spectrum and feeding practices.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A retrospective study was carried out in two institutions to determine serial changes in the pattern, distribution, and extent of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) associated with @entity5 ( @entity5 )- @entity4 ( @entity4 ) using HRCT. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity0 with @entity5 - @entity4 and clinical suspicion of @entity2 who underwent at least two serial HRCT examinations were retrospectively evaluated by two readers. @entity0 were classified according to the dominant CT pattern which was correlated with clinical evolution and underlying histology when available (n=6). RESULTS: @entity0 were classified into four groups according to the dominant pattern: ground-glass attenuation and reticulation (group 1, n=9); honeycombing (group 2, n=4); airspace consolidation (group 3, n=4), and normal or almost normal lung (group 4, n=3). Under medical treatment, serial HRCT showed that the extent of areas of ground-glass opacities (group 1) decreased in five @entity0 , stabilized in two, and increased in two. Pathologic findings demonstrated @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in two cases and unspecified @entity2 in one. In group 2, extent of honeycombing increased in three cases and stabilized in one. In group 3, dramatic resolution of airspace consolidation occurred in three cases. Clinical deterioration with extensive consolidation at CT and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) at histology occurred in one @entity0 of each of the three previous groups. Lesions stayed invisible or progressed slightly in the fourth group. CONCLUSION: In @entity2 associated with @entity5 - @entity4 , clinical deterioration and @entity1 in the follow-up can be observed whatever the HRCT pattern. However, unfavorable evolution is constant when honeycombing is present at the initial CT.

title: Serial chest CT findings in @entity2 associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: A retrospective study was carried out in two institutions to determine serial changes in the pattern, distribution, and extent of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) associated with @entity5 ( @entity5 )- @entity4 ( @entity4 ) using HRCT. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity0 with @entity5 - @entity4 and clinical suspicion of @entity2 who underwent at least two serial HRCT examinations were retrospectively evaluated by two readers. @entity0 were classified according to the dominant CT pattern which was correlated with clinical evolution and underlying histology when available (n=6). RESULTS: @entity0 were classified into four groups according to the dominant pattern: ground-glass attenuation and reticulation (group 1, n=9); honeycombing (group 2, n=4); airspace consolidation (group 3, n=4), and normal or almost normal lung (group 4, n=3). Under medical treatment, serial HRCT showed that the extent of areas of ground-glass opacities (group 1) decreased in five @entity0 , stabilized in two, and increased in two. Pathologic findings demonstrated @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in two cases and unspecified @entity2 in one. In group 2, extent of honeycombing increased in three cases and stabilized in one. In group 3, dramatic resolution of airspace consolidation occurred in three cases. Clinical deterioration with extensive consolidation at CT and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) at histology occurred in one @entity0 of each of the three previous groups. Lesions stayed invisible or progressed slightly in the fourth group. CONCLUSION: In @entity2 associated with @entity5 - @entity4 , clinical deterioration and @entity1 in the follow-up can be observed whatever the HRCT pattern. However, unfavorable evolution is constant when honeycombing is present at the initial CT.

title: Serial chest CT findings in XXXX associated with @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare the mydriatic effect of intracamerally injected @entity5 plus @entity4 to @entity4 alone and to @entity2 in a porcine eye model, aiming to eventually find the best combination of adrenergic substances for surgical @entity6 in @entity0 . METHODS: In this study, we used 89 intact eyes from newly slaughtered @entity3 , pretreated with 2.0 mg of intracameral @entity1 . After waiting 60 seconds for miosis to develop, 0.15 ml 0.3% @entity5 and 0.15 ml 3.0% @entity4 were injected sequentially with a 90-second interval in 21 eyes. In another 22 eyes, the same substances were given in the reverse order. In 20 eyes, 0.15 ml of 0.025% @entity2 was injected, and as a negative control 0.15 ml of balanced salt solution was injected in 26 eyes. The pupils were filmed during the treatments, and the mean pupil diameters were measured every 15 seconds from the video recordings. RESULTS: @entity4 injected after @entity5 had a larger mydriatic effect than @entity2 (p < 0.01). Without @entity5 pretreatment, the mydriatic effect of @entity4 was significantly smaller than that of @entity2 (p < 0.05). @entity5 also exhibited a small mydriatic effect of its own. CONCLUSIONS: The b-receptor stimulator @entity5 enhances the mydriatic effect of intracameral @entity4 , indicating a role for the b-receptor in the mydriatic response. Mydriasis mediated by b-receptors may explain why nonspecific adrenergic stimulators such as @entity7 and @entity2 can have larger mydriatic effects than the specific a(1)-receptor stimulator @entity4 .

title: Stimulation of adrenergic b-receptors enhances XXXX in a porcine eye model.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity2 is an important zoonotic parasite infecting about one third of the world population, causing @entity4 . @entity2 perforin-like protein 1 (TgPLP1) is believed to be involved in the acute virulence of @entity2 in @entity0 , and is therefore of interest as a vaccine candidate. In this study, we constructed a DNA vaccine expressing TgPLP1, and evaluated the immune response in Kunming @entity0 . The gene sequence encoding TgPLP1 was inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pVAX I, and Kunming @entity0 were immunized intramuscularly with the plasmid. After immunization, we evaluated the immune response using lymphoproliferative assay, cytokine and antibody measurements, and the survival times of @entity0 challenged lethally with 1 10(3) tachyzoites of the virulent @entity6 . The results showed that pVAX/TgPLP1 alone or with pVAX/ @entity5 developed specific anti-TLA (T. gondii lysate antigen) antibodies and specific lymphocyte proliferative responses. Co-injection of pVAX/ @entity5 significantly increased the production of IFN-y and @entity1 . Further, challenge experiments showed that co-immunization of pVAX/TgPLP1 with pVAX/ @entity5 significantly (P<0.05) increased survival time (12.7  1.2days) of immunized @entity0 , compared with pVAX/TgPLP1 alone (11.3  0.9days). These results demonstrate that TgPLP1 is a potential vaccine candidate against @entity3 , worth further evaluation in other animal hosts. @entity5 could enhance the immune effect of TgPLP1, prolonging the survival time of immunized @entity0 .

title: XXXX : protective immunity against experimental @entity3 induced by a DNA vaccine encoding the perforin-like protein 1.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is an important zoonotic parasite infecting about one third of the world population, causing @entity4 . @entity2 perforin-like protein 1 (TgPLP1) is believed to be involved in the acute virulence of @entity2 in @entity0 , and is therefore of interest as a vaccine candidate. In this study, we constructed a DNA vaccine expressing TgPLP1, and evaluated the immune response in Kunming @entity0 . The gene sequence encoding TgPLP1 was inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pVAX I, and Kunming @entity0 were immunized intramuscularly with the plasmid. After immunization, we evaluated the immune response using lymphoproliferative assay, cytokine and antibody measurements, and the survival times of @entity0 challenged lethally with 1 10(3) tachyzoites of the virulent @entity6 . The results showed that pVAX/TgPLP1 alone or with pVAX/ @entity5 developed specific anti-TLA (T. gondii lysate antigen) antibodies and specific lymphocyte proliferative responses. Co-injection of pVAX/ @entity5 significantly increased the production of IFN-y and @entity1 . Further, challenge experiments showed that co-immunization of pVAX/TgPLP1 with pVAX/ @entity5 significantly (P<0.05) increased survival time (12.7  1.2days) of immunized @entity0 , compared with pVAX/TgPLP1 alone (11.3  0.9days). These results demonstrate that TgPLP1 is a potential vaccine candidate against @entity3 , worth further evaluation in other animal hosts. @entity5 could enhance the immune effect of TgPLP1, prolonging the survival time of immunized @entity0 .

title: @entity2 : protective immunity against experimental XXXX induced by a DNA vaccine encoding the perforin-like protein 1.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The development of the positive endocochlear potential (EP), the negative anoxic EP, and the organ of Corti potential were measured at various postnatal ages in the Mongolian gerbil, beginning at 8 @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The organ of Corti potential (OCP) was present at 8 @entity2 but averaged 21% less than the adult value. OCP increased regularly with age, reaching adult values of -90 mV by 14 @entity2 . The positive EP was first observed at 10 @entity2 , at which age it averaged only 2-3 mV. This potential increased monotonically between 10 and 20 @entity2 , by which time it had reached the adult value of 75 mV. @entity1 did not result in a negative EP until 12 @entity2 , at which age this potential averaged -7 mV. The negative anoxic EP matured more rapidly than the positive EP, achieving the adult value of 40 mV by 18 @entity2 . During development the positive EP appeared to closely parallel the maturation of @entity0 metabolism in the stria vascularis. The negative anoxic EP was more closely related temporally to the development of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) thresholds. It is hypothesized that changes which occur between 10 and 16 @entity2 in the apical membranes of the cochlear hair cells contribute to the maturation of both @entity3 and the negative anoxic EP.

title: Development of mammalian endocochlear potential: normal ontogeny and effects of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is an important cause of late @entity1 in @entity0 with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF). By using an rTOF @entity2 model, we investigated the role of repolarization alternans and its electrophysiological mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS: Six @entity2 received right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) transannular patch, @entity3 , and right bundle branch ablation to simulate rTOF. After 1 year, we performed high-resolution dual-voltage and @entity4 optical mapping to record action potentials and @entity4 transients on the excised right ventricular outflow tract wedges. Another 6 @entity2 without operation served as control. The rTOF group was more susceptible to action potential duration alternans (APD-ALT) and spatially discordant APD-ALT than control (threshold for APD-ALT: 516  36 vs 343  36 ms; P=0.017; threshold for discordant APD-ALT: 387  30 vs 310  14 ms; P=0.046). We detected 2 episodes of @entity6 in the rTOF group, but none in the control. Expressions of Kv4.3 and @entity7 decreased in the rTOF group. Expression of connexin 43 also decreased in the rTOF group with a corresponding decrease of conduction velocity and might contribute to spatially discordant APD-ALT. We also found distinct electrophysiological features of the RVOT, including biphasic relationship between magnitude of APD-ALT and pacing cycle length, uncoupling of APD-ALT, and @entity4 transients alternans, and shortened APD, but unchanged, APD restitution in rTOF. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated novel electrophysiological properties of the RVOT. In an rTOF model, the RVOT exhibits increased susceptibility to temporal and spatially discordant APD-ALT, which was not totally dependent on @entity4 transient alternans.

title: Repolarization Alternans and XXXX in a Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot Animal Model.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Few studies have reported the free right internal thoracic artery (RITA) being used in an aorto-coronary fashion. This study aimed to evaluate the free RITA with modified proximal @entity1 in an aorto-coronary fashion. METHODS: Between January 2000 and December 2012, 282 @entity0 underwent coronary artery bypass grafting with bilateral internal thoracic arteries for complete revascularization of the left coronary system at our institution. The left internal thoracic artery (LITA) was anastomosed to the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and the RITA was anastomosed to the left circumflex branches (LCX). The RITA was used as a free graft in 213 @entity0 (free group) and as an in situ graft in 69 @entity0 (in situ group). Proximal @entity1 of the free RITA onto the ascending aorta was performed in two different ways. We compared early and late results and graft patency of the free RITA with those of the in situ RITA retrospectively. RESULTS: The numbers of anastomoses per @entity0 and anastomoses of the RITA were larger in the free group than in the in situ group (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in postoperative survival between the groups (free group: 93.3% vs in situ group: 90.0%, P = 0.82). The 5-year patency of the free RITA was higher than that of the in situ RITA (97.0 vs 80.3%, P = 0.01). The 5-year patency of the free RITA was comparable with that of the in situ LITA anastomosed to the @entity2 (97.0 vs 92.9%, P = 0.28). CONCLUSIONS: The free RITA anastomosed to the LCX might have better late patency than the in situ RITA. The free RITA with modified proximal @entity1 in an aorto-coronary fashion enables complete revascularization of the left coronary system with the in situ LITA to the @entity2 .

title: Effect of modified proximal XXXX of the free right internal thoracic artery: piggyback and foldback techniques.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECT: To introduce a novel distraction technique for the treatment of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity5 ( @entity5 ) via a posterior-only approach. METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity5 who underwent posterior distraction reduction and occipitocervical fixation between January 2009 and June 2013 were enrolled in the present study. This novel distraction technique included two steps. First, the distraction between the occipitocervical junction of the rod (OCJR) and the occipital screws was performed to achieve horizontal and partial vertical reduction. Secondly, the distraction was performed between the C2 screws and OCJR to achieve complete vertical reduction. The pre- and postoperative JOA score, the extent of reduction, the fusion status, and the complications were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 18.3 months with a range of 10-32 months. No @entity0 incurred @entity3 during surgery. The mean JOA score at the last follow-up (15.4) showed significant improvement (P<0.01) compared with the pre-operative parameters (11.2). Complete horizontal reduction was achieved in 18 @entity0 (85.7%), and complete vertical reduction was achieved in 17 @entity0 (80.9%). The rest @entity0 are all received greater than 50% horizontal and vertical reduction. Solid fusion was achieved in 20 @entity0 (95.2%). Mild @entity4 was observed in two @entity0 . One @entity0 suffered from @entity1 and @entity2 . CONCLUSION: This novel distraction technique may provide satisfactory reduction via a posterior-only approach without exposure of the C1/2 facet joint. Therefore, it is a safe and effective method for the treatment of @entity6 with @entity5 .

title: Posterior distraction reduction and occipitocervical fixation for the treatment of @entity6 XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECT: To introduce a novel distraction technique for the treatment of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity5 ( @entity5 ) via a posterior-only approach. METHODS: Twenty-one consecutive @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity5 who underwent posterior distraction reduction and occipitocervical fixation between January 2009 and June 2013 were enrolled in the present study. This novel distraction technique included two steps. First, the distraction between the occipitocervical junction of the rod (OCJR) and the occipital screws was performed to achieve horizontal and partial vertical reduction. Secondly, the distraction was performed between the C2 screws and OCJR to achieve complete vertical reduction. The pre- and postoperative JOA score, the extent of reduction, the fusion status, and the complications were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 18.3 months with a range of 10-32 months. No @entity0 incurred @entity3 during surgery. The mean JOA score at the last follow-up (15.4) showed significant improvement (P<0.01) compared with the pre-operative parameters (11.2). Complete horizontal reduction was achieved in 18 @entity0 (85.7%), and complete vertical reduction was achieved in 17 @entity0 (80.9%). The rest @entity0 are all received greater than 50% horizontal and vertical reduction. Solid fusion was achieved in 20 @entity0 (95.2%). Mild @entity4 was observed in two @entity0 . One @entity0 suffered from @entity1 and @entity2 . CONCLUSION: This novel distraction technique may provide satisfactory reduction via a posterior-only approach without exposure of the C1/2 facet joint. Therefore, it is a safe and effective method for the treatment of @entity6 with @entity5 .

title: Posterior distraction reduction and occipitocervical fixation for the treatment of XXXX @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Rapid, nongenomic effects of @entity1 (E(2)) in endothelial cells are postulated to arise from membrane-associated @entity2 receptors (ERs), which have not been visualized in vascular tissue. To identify membrane ERs, we used multiple site-directed @entity3 or @entity4 antibodies to label en face @entity0 cerebral and coronary arterial endothelia. Western blots revealed a novel 55-kDa @entity3 isoform. Three-dimensional images of cells labeled with these antibodies and markers for the nucleus and caveolin-1 were acquired with a wide-field microscope, deconvolved, and numerically analyzed. We found @entity3 in the nucleus and cell periphery, where one-third colocalized with caveolin-1. The receptor location was dependent on the epitope of the antibody. Human ovarian surface epithelium produced similar results; but in @entity0 myometrium, the distribution was epitope independent and nuclear. @entity4 distribution was predominantly intranuclear and epitope independent. A small amount of @entity3 colocalized with @entity4 within the nucleus. The results were identical in both arterial preparations and insensitive to E(2). We postulate that the different @entity3 conformations at the membrane, in the nucleus, and between different cell types allow E(2) to trigger cell- and location-specific signaling cascades.

title: Epitope-dependent localization of XXXX receptor-alpha, but not -beta, in en face arterial endothelium.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many clinicians believe that after @entity2 of the hook of the hamate, nonunions are the rule rather than the exception. PURPOSE: To describe a previously unreported condition in which the fractured hook of the hamate unites only along its ulnar column and causes @entity1 similar to that in cases of nonunion. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review. METHODS: Eight @entity0 who had sustained a hook of the hamate @entity2 were identified, on the basis of their persistent @entity1 , as having achieved only partial union. This diagnosis was made despite evidence on computed tomography of healed bone across a significant portion of the @entity2 . All eight @entity0 underwent subperiosteal excision of the hamulus because of persistent @entity1 . At an average of 4 years after excision, each @entity0 was evaluated by dynamometer grip strength testing and a subjective outcome assessment. RESULTS: All @entity0 were able to return to their preinjury level of sports participation at an average 8 weeks after excision of the hook of the hamate. Grip strength was not adversely affected in any @entity0 . Subjective evaluation of each @entity0 revealed no residual @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Chronic or unresolved @entity1 on the ulnar side of the wrist after hook of the hamate @entity2 can be due to partial union. This condition should be managed no differently from a symptomatic nonunion, with excision of the hook of the hamate and repair of the ligament attachments.

title: Symptomatic, partial union of the hook of the hamate XXXX in athletes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (HJ) is currently the favored reconstructive procedure after resection of @entity1 . Hepaticoduodenostomy (HD) has been argued to be more physiologically and technically easier but is feared to have associated complications. Here we compare outcomes of the 2 procedures. METHODS: A retrospective chart review identified 59 @entity0 who underwent @entity1 resection within our institution from 1999 to 2009. Demographic and outcome data were compared using t tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and Pearson   (2) tests. RESULTS: Fifty-nine @entity0 underwent repair of @entity1 . Biliary continuity was restored by HD in 39 (66%) and by HJ in 20 (34%). Open HD @entity0 required less total operative time than HJ @entity0 (3.9 vs 5.1 hours, P = .013), tolerated a diet faster (4.8 days compared with 6.1 days, P = .08), and had a shorter hospital stay (7.05 days for HD vs 9.05 days for HJ, P = .12). Complications were more common in HJ (HD = 7.6%, HJ = 20%, P = .21). Three @entity0 required reoperation after HJ, but only one @entity0 required reoperation after HD for a stricture (HD = 2.5%, HJ = 20%, P = .037). CONCLUSIONS: In this series, HD required less operative time, allowed faster recovery of bowel function, and produced fewer complications requiring reoperation.

title: Hepaticoduodenostomy vs hepaticojejunostomy for reconstruction after resection of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Macrophages and dendritic cells play an important role in regulating B-cell responses, including proliferation to antigens such as @entity3 (TNP)-Ficoll and TNP- @entity2 . However, the mechanisms and molecule(s) that regulate these processes are relatively undefined. In this report, we show that @entity0 macrophages generated in vitro strongly costimulate proliferation of dense @entity0 tonsillar B cells ligated via their @entity5 ( @entity5 ) but not proliferation via @entity1 . Similarly, dendritic cells also markedly enhance @entity5 -activated B-cell proliferation. Soluble molecule(s) are required for @entity0 macrophages to costimulate proliferation of B cells triggered via their @entity5 . Importantly, a TACI (trans-membrane activator and @entity7 interactor)-Fc fusion protein inhibits both macrophage- and dendritic cell (DC)-dependent @entity5 -activated B-cell proliferation, indicating a requirement for at least one of the known TACI ligands, @entity4 and/or @entity6 . Consistent with a major role for @entity4 , macrophages release @entity4 at levels sufficient to potently costimulate @entity5 -induced B-cell proliferation. In addition, @entity4 is more than 100-fold more potent than @entity6 in enhancing @entity5 -mediated @entity0 B-cell proliferation. Furthermore, immunodepletion of @entity6 under conditions that prevent @entity6 -mediated B-cell costimulation does not block macrophage enhancement of B-cell proliferation. Finally, there is no correlation between the high levels of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) expressed by macrophages compared with DCs and the similar abilities of macrophages and DCs to enhance @entity5 -stimulated B-cell proliferation. In summary, our results suggest that macrophage- and DC-derived B-cell-activating factor belonging to the TNF family ( @entity4 ) represents a key molecule by which macrophages and DCs directly regulate @entity0 B-cell proliferative responses to T-cell-independent stimuli.

title: Macrophage- and dendritic cell--dependent regulation of @entity0 B-cell proliferation requires the TNF family ligand XXXX .

answer: @entity4