abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6 ( @entity9 ) has emerged as a valuable adjunctive agent in renal transplantation. However, due to intolerable adverse effects associated with @entity9 use in our transplant population, we have used @entity9 selectively in @entity0 at high risk for recurrent graft rejection, since these @entity0 are known to be at risk for poor long-term graft outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of @entity9 in preventing the recurrence of acute rejection following an initial rejection episode in kidney transplant @entity0 in the first year following transplantation. METHODS: Forty-four kidney transplant recipients were given @entity9 prospectively following treatment of their initial rejection episode to prevent recurrent rejection. @entity9 1-2 g/d was given. Doses were adjusted based on tolerance; @entity9 therapy was to be continued for at least 6 months. The control group consisted of 124 consecutive kidney transplant recipients who had received standard anti-rejection therapy without the addition of @entity9 . Maintenance immunosuppression consisted predominantly of @entity2 , @entity3 +/- @entity5 . Anti-rejection therapy for both groups consisted of either @entity4 ( @entity8 500 mg i.v. for 3 d or oral @entity3 2 mg/kg/d with rapid taper over 3 wk), OKT3 5 mg/d for 10 d or ATG 15 mg/kg/d for 10 d. All rejection episodes were confirmed by biopsy. RESULTS: The majority of rejection episodes were characterized histologically as mild or moderate. Most @entity0 (76%) received corticosteroids for treatment of their first rejection episode. There was a 68% reduction in the incidence of recurrent rejection episodes within the first year of transplant in @entity0 receiving @entity9 ; only 14% of recipients receiving @entity9 developed recurrent rejection compared to 44% of @entity0 in the control group (p<0.05). Approximately 50% of @entity0 developed @entity9 -associated adverse effects ( @entity7 , @entity1 ). Only 52% of @entity0 remained on @entity9 at 6 months. One-yr graft survival was 86% in the @entity9 group and 89% in the control group (p>0.05). One-year @entity0 survival was 93 and 100%, respectively (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of @entity9 to maintenance therapy for @entity0 experiencing acute renal allograft rejection may prevent recurrent rejection episodes in the subsequent follow-up year.

title: Impact of @entity6 on recurrent rejection in kidney transplant XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The plant cell responds to light stress by the expression of genes encoding specific stress proteins with possible protective functions. Five genes, the mRNA levels of which increased drastically in response to light stress in mature green leaves of @entity1 were identified and isolated by the differential display technique. These genes were designated @entity3 - @entity6 (light stress-regulated). Northern blot analysis demonstrated that the transcript level of @entity3 - @entity6 increased 4- to 17-fold under light stress conditions as compared with leaves incubated at low intensity light. Further analysis of the @entity3 - @entity6 transcript level under cold stress, @entity2 , wounding, desiccation, salt stress, oxidative stress and UV-A irradiation showed that the expression of all five genes was triggered by more than one stress factor. Thus, it was expected that isolated genes encode proteins involved in general stress responses. Homology searches revealed that all of the isolated cDNAs were represented in the GenBank in genomic DNAs and expressed sequence tag (EST) cDNA clones. The @entity3 - @entity4 genes encoded cytoplasmic proteins with assigned identities, such as @entity3 (early responsive to dehydration), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity7 (late embryogenesis abundant) and @entity4 (metallothionein class 1a), respectively. Light stress had not yet been reported to induce or enhance the expression of these genes. The @entity6 clone encoded a novel protein with high similarity to beta-1,3-galactosyltransferases from @entity0 and primates predicted to be located in the Golgi body. Three ORFs homologous to the @entity6 gene were found on chromosome I and IV of @entity1 indicating that a multigene family of these proteins exists in plants. The possible role of Lsr gene products in light stress defences is discussed.

title: Identification of genes expressed in response to light stress in leaves of XXXX using RNA differential display.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To document the clinical, light microscopic, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features of four cases of extra-orbital giant cell @entity9 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Sections of @entity3 -fixed paraffin-embedded specimens were studied by @entity8 and @entity4 , reticulin and immunohistochemical stains. Electron microscopy was carried out in two cases on tissue fixed in @entity3 . The age of the @entity0 ranged from 30 to 41 years. Two @entity0 presented with a soft tissue swelling in the left groin, one @entity0 had a left axillary soft tissue lump and one @entity0 presented with a parotid lump. All lesions were well circumscribed and contained variably cellular and vascularized tissue composed of round to spindle cells with a patternless arrangement, scattered multinucleate giant cells and pseudovascular spaces conforming to the description of @entity9 . Mononuclear and multinucleate @entity1 cells were both positive for @entity5 and @entity6 ; one @entity1 exhibited focal @entity7 protein and GFAP positivity. Both of the @entity1 examined by electron microscopy showed fibroblastic features, but in addition one contained cells having Schwannian features. All four @entity0 were well without recurrent disease on follow-up (average 25 months). CONCLUSION: @entity9 shares many features with @entity1 and @entity2 and shows a wider distribution than initially recognized. Rarely, Schwannian differentiation may be observed in these @entity1 .

title: A study of four cases of extra-orbital XXXX with documentation of some unusual features.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Intranasal corticosteroid preparations can relieve symptoms of @entity1 . Different aqueous corticosteroid forms have been developed for intranasal use. The objectives of this study were to compare efficacy and safety between @entity3 and @entity2 in the treatment for @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: The study was conducted in a prospective and randomized manner; a total of 24 adult @entity0 were enrolled. All @entity0 received MAST allergen test at entry and again at 2 months after treatments. Fourteen @entity0 received @entity3 200 microg once daily, and 10 @entity0 received @entity2 200 microg twice daily. To investigate the efficacy of @entity3 and @entity2 , a subjective scoring system was designed to evaluate the symptom improvement of @entity0 . Adverse events were recorded on a diary card then were analyzed. Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis 1-way analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Analysis on @entity0 -based symptom scores revealed that both @entity3 and @entity2 were equally efficacious in improving the symptoms of nasal blockage, sneezing, nasal itching, and watery @entity4 . There were no significant side effects reported for both groups during this follow-up period. However, analysis showed that the @entity3 group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in some MAST allergen tests (Candida, mite, house dust; P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Clinically, @entity3 200 microg once daily was efficacious as @entity2 200 microg twice daily in the relief of @entity1 . However, @entity3 can achieve greater immunologic improvement. Both preparations showed no evidence of short-term side effects.

title: Comparisons of two intranasal corticosteroid preparations in treating XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the @entity3 labeling index and its prognostic role in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: Tumor cell proliferation in 32 @entity0 with primary @entity1 admitted to Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, between 1993 and 1997 was investigated using the @entity2 labeling index ( @entity4 ). @entity4 results were compared with other clinical and histopathologic prognostic parameters. RESULTS: The mean and median @entity4 values of the @entity0 were 9.3+/-6.2% and 9.20% (range: 0.4-23.0%), respectively. Sixteen @entity0 showed high proliferation rates (mean @entity4 : 14.3%). These @entity0 had an overall survival rate of 46.7% at 3 years. The mean @entity4 level and overall survival at 3 years in the low proliferation rate group were 4.4 and 68.8%, respectively. @entity0 with a high @entity4 had a significantly shorter survival compared to those with a low @entity4 (P<0.01). There was tendency towards a higher @entity4 with advanced stage (P>0.05). However, there was no statistically significant correlation between @entity4 and other prognostic parameters. CONCLUSION: @entity4 may have a predictive value in determining the outcome of @entity0 with @entity1 . Further larger scale studies are needed before definite conclusions can be made about its role as a prognostic factor in this disease.

title: XXXX labeling index in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the @entity3 labeling index and its prognostic role in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: Tumor cell proliferation in 32 @entity0 with primary @entity1 admitted to Istanbul Medical Faculty, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, between 1993 and 1997 was investigated using the @entity2 labeling index ( @entity4 ). @entity4 results were compared with other clinical and histopathologic prognostic parameters. RESULTS: The mean and median @entity4 values of the @entity0 were 9.3+/-6.2% and 9.20% (range: 0.4-23.0%), respectively. Sixteen @entity0 showed high proliferation rates (mean @entity4 : 14.3%). These @entity0 had an overall survival rate of 46.7% at 3 years. The mean @entity4 level and overall survival at 3 years in the low proliferation rate group were 4.4 and 68.8%, respectively. @entity0 with a high @entity4 had a significantly shorter survival compared to those with a low @entity4 (P<0.01). There was tendency towards a higher @entity4 with advanced stage (P>0.05). However, there was no statistically significant correlation between @entity4 and other prognostic parameters. CONCLUSION: @entity4 may have a predictive value in determining the outcome of @entity0 with @entity1 . Further larger scale studies are needed before definite conclusions can be made about its role as a prognostic factor in this disease.

title: @entity3 labeling index in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare functional outcomes after @entity2 surgery performed at 4 sites in 4 countries that have been described as having significant differences in the organization of care and patterns of clinical practice. SETTING: Multicenter cohort study from the United States, Canada, Denmark, and Spain. METHODS: Clinical data and @entity0 interview data were collected preoperatively and 4 months postoperatively. Functional outcomes were assessed by the Visual Function Index (VF-14), a self-reported measure of visual function. Scores on the VF-14 range from 0 (maximum impairment) to 100 (no impairment). RESULTS: Unilateral surgery was performed in 1073 @entity0 . In this subgroup, the odds of achieving an optimal functional outcome (VF-14 score > or =95) were similar among sites after controlling for differences in case mix. Bilateral surgery was performed in 211 @entity0 . A postoperative visual acuity of 0.50 or better in both eyes was reported in 155 @entity0 . However, 37% of these @entity0 reported @entity1 (VF-14 score <95). CONCLUSIONS: A previously identified variation in treatment modalities among the 4 sites did not have a significant effect on the odds of achieving an optimal functional outcome. In addition to visual acuity measurements, the VF-14 index provides information on functional outcomes that is useful, especially in studies assessing the benefits of @entity2 surgery in a public health care setting.

title: Visual functional outcomes of XXXX surgery in the United States, Canada, Denmark, and Spain: report of the International Cataract Surgery Outcomes Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that a short course of @entity0 leads to indefinite survival of renal allografts across an MHC class-I barrier in miniature @entity3 . We have recently reported that a peripheral regulatory mechanism appears to be involved in the maintenance of this tolerance since peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL), exposed to donor antigen in vitro specifically suppressed the generation of anti-donor cytotoxic activity by recipient-matched naive PBL. We have now further investigated the mechanism of this phenomenon to determine the level at which such regulation occurs, and investigated the phenotypes of the cells involved in maintaining dominant suppression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PBL from long-term tolerant animals (>6 months after renal transplantation) were pre-stimulated in vitro with donor-type PBL. These cells were then incubated with recipient-matched naive responders and donor-type PBL stimulators in MLR assays. The proliferative activity of the cells was measured by @entity1 incorporation. @entity2 was measured by inhibition of proliferation of naive cells in response to donor PBL when co-cultured with tolerant cells. Flow cytometry was used to study the phenotypes of cells that were present in cell cultures. RESULTS: Primed PBL from tolerant animals markedly suppressed the proliferative response of recipient-matched naive cells to donor-matched stimulators in vitro. No suppression of proliferation was observed in response to third party stimulators, indicating that the suppression was donor-specific. Primed PBL from naive animals stimulated with donor antigen and co-cultured with unprimed recipient-matched naive cells also demonstrated reduced proliferative responses. However, this decrease in proliferation appeared to be due to a 'burn-out' phenomenon, as assessed by kinetic studies, rather than due to true suppression. Expression of @entity4 increased on a sub-population of T cells from tolerant animals following priming with donor antigen. These cell then markedly inhibited further activation of @entity4 positive cells in co-cultures with naive responder cells, suggesting a possible mechanism of suppression. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the mechanism of tolerance to class-I-mismatched renal allografts, involves a population of regulatory cells that are capable of suppressing proliferative anti-donor responses.

title: Regulatory mechanism of peripheral tolerance: in vitro evidence for dominant suppression of host responses during the maintenance phase of tolerance to renal allografts in miniature XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the benefit of the blue-free barrier filter (BF filter) in diagnosing @entity0 . DESIGN: Nonrandomized clinical comparison. METHODS: Fifty-three eyes with Sj  gren syndrome (n = 42) or @entity3 sicca (n = 11) were enrolled. @entity1 staining was performed in temporal and nasal conjunctiva, and staining was scored with (BF score) and without the filter (FL score) from 0 to 3. Rose bengal staining was also scored ( @entity2 score) similarly. RESULTS: With FL scores of 0, 1, or 2, the BF score was significantly higher: 0.85 +/- 0.37 (P =.031), 1.74 +/- 0.65 (P =.001), and 2.65 +/- 0.48 (P =.001), respectively; with a FL score of 3, the BF score was 3 at all sites. The BF score was superior to the FL score in 66.6% of cases when the FL score was 0 and 1 and in 65.2% when the FL score was 2, but not when the FL score was 3. When the @entity2 score was 0, 1, or 2, the BF score was higher: 1.88 +/- 0.92, 1.78 +/- 0.79, and 2.57 +/- 0.50, respectively (P =.001 for all); when the @entity2 score was 3, the BF score was 2.97 +/- 0.16. The BF score was superior to the @entity2 score in 75.5% of cases when the @entity2 score was 0 and 1 and in 57.8% when the FL score was 2, but not in cases with a @entity2 score of 3. CONCLUSIONS: The BF filter detects damaged conjunctival epithelium stained with @entity1 . Using the filter was beneficial in mild-to-moderate cases, not in severe cases. The BF filter allows diagnosis of @entity0 even at the initial stage that is undetectable by conventional observation.

title: Diagnosing XXXX using a blue-free barrier filter.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The atypical antipsychotic drug, @entity8 , has recently been suggested to not only show efficacy in @entity3 , @entity4 , major @entity5 and general @entity2 , but to also have a possible anti-inflammatory effect, which could be important in the treatment of the inflammatory aspects of @entity1 . Male C57BL/6 @entity0 were given either @entity8 (i.p. 10mg/kg), its main active metabolite @entity12 (i.p. 10mg/kg), or saline as a vehicle control, once a day for 14days. On the 14th day, this dose was followed by a single dose of either @entity6 (i.p. 1mg/kg) or saline. 24h post @entity6 short-term recognition memory and @entity10 behaviour were measured using the Y-maze and @entity11 preference test respectively. Immediately following behavioural testing, @entity0 were culled before serum, prefrontal cortex and hippocampal analysis of cytokine levels was conducted. It was found that @entity6 challenge led to increased serum and brain cytokine levels as well as @entity10 , with no significant effect on recognition memory. @entity8 and @entity12 both increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity9 and decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-y in serum 4h post @entity6 . Within the brain, a similar pattern was seen in gene expression in the hippocampus at 4h for @entity9 and Ifn-y, however @entity12 led to an increase in @entity7 expression in the PFC at 4h, while both drugs attenuated the increased @entity9 in different regions of the brain at 24h. These effects in the serum and brain, however, had no effect on the observed @entity6 induced changes in behaviour. Both @entity8 and its metabolite @entity12 appear to have a partial anti-inflammatory effect on @entity9 and IFN-y following acute @entity6 challenge in serum and brain, however these effects did not translate into behavioural changes.

title: The effect of the antipsychotic drug XXXX and its metabolite @entity12 on acute inflammation, memory and @entity10 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The atypical antipsychotic drug, @entity8 , has recently been suggested to not only show efficacy in @entity3 , @entity4 , major @entity5 and general @entity2 , but to also have a possible anti-inflammatory effect, which could be important in the treatment of the inflammatory aspects of @entity1 . Male C57BL/6 @entity0 were given either @entity8 (i.p. 10mg/kg), its main active metabolite @entity12 (i.p. 10mg/kg), or saline as a vehicle control, once a day for 14days. On the 14th day, this dose was followed by a single dose of either @entity6 (i.p. 1mg/kg) or saline. 24h post @entity6 short-term recognition memory and @entity10 behaviour were measured using the Y-maze and @entity11 preference test respectively. Immediately following behavioural testing, @entity0 were culled before serum, prefrontal cortex and hippocampal analysis of cytokine levels was conducted. It was found that @entity6 challenge led to increased serum and brain cytokine levels as well as @entity10 , with no significant effect on recognition memory. @entity8 and @entity12 both increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity9 and decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-y in serum 4h post @entity6 . Within the brain, a similar pattern was seen in gene expression in the hippocampus at 4h for @entity9 and Ifn-y, however @entity12 led to an increase in @entity7 expression in the PFC at 4h, while both drugs attenuated the increased @entity9 in different regions of the brain at 24h. These effects in the serum and brain, however, had no effect on the observed @entity6 induced changes in behaviour. Both @entity8 and its metabolite @entity12 appear to have a partial anti-inflammatory effect on @entity9 and IFN-y following acute @entity6 challenge in serum and brain, however these effects did not translate into behavioural changes.

title: The effect of the antipsychotic drug @entity8 and its metabolite @entity12 on acute inflammation, memory and XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The atypical antipsychotic drug, @entity8 , has recently been suggested to not only show efficacy in @entity3 , @entity4 , major @entity5 and general @entity2 , but to also have a possible anti-inflammatory effect, which could be important in the treatment of the inflammatory aspects of @entity1 . Male C57BL/6 @entity0 were given either @entity8 (i.p. 10mg/kg), its main active metabolite @entity12 (i.p. 10mg/kg), or saline as a vehicle control, once a day for 14days. On the 14th day, this dose was followed by a single dose of either @entity6 (i.p. 1mg/kg) or saline. 24h post @entity6 short-term recognition memory and @entity10 behaviour were measured using the Y-maze and @entity11 preference test respectively. Immediately following behavioural testing, @entity0 were culled before serum, prefrontal cortex and hippocampal analysis of cytokine levels was conducted. It was found that @entity6 challenge led to increased serum and brain cytokine levels as well as @entity10 , with no significant effect on recognition memory. @entity8 and @entity12 both increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine @entity9 and decreased levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-y in serum 4h post @entity6 . Within the brain, a similar pattern was seen in gene expression in the hippocampus at 4h for @entity9 and Ifn-y, however @entity12 led to an increase in @entity7 expression in the PFC at 4h, while both drugs attenuated the increased @entity9 in different regions of the brain at 24h. These effects in the serum and brain, however, had no effect on the observed @entity6 induced changes in behaviour. Both @entity8 and its metabolite @entity12 appear to have a partial anti-inflammatory effect on @entity9 and IFN-y following acute @entity6 challenge in serum and brain, however these effects did not translate into behavioural changes.

title: The effect of the antipsychotic drug @entity8 and its metabolite XXXX on acute inflammation, memory and @entity10 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) comprises approximately 85% of all @entity1 cases, and surgery is the preferred treatment for @entity0 . The National Health Service established Primary Care Trusts (PCTs) in 2002 to manage local health needs. We investigate whether PCTs with a lower uptake of surgical treatment are those with above-average mortality 1   year after diagnosis. The applied methods can be used to monitor the performance of any administrative bodies responsible for the management of @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: All adults diagnosed with @entity1 during 1998-2006 in England were identified. We fitted mixed effect logistic models to predict surgical treatment within 6   months after diagnosis, and mortality within 1   year of diagnosis. RESULTS: Around 10% of the NCSLC @entity0 received curative surgery. Older deprived @entity0 and those who did not receive surgery had much higher odds of death 1   year after being diagnosed with @entity2 . In total, 69% of the PCTs were below the lower control limit of surgery and have predicted random intercepts above the mean value of zero of the random effect for mortality, whereas 40% were above the upper control limit of mortality within 1   year. CONCLUSIONS: Our main results suggest the presence of clear geographical variation in the use of surgical treatment of @entity3 and mortality. Mixed-effects models combined with the funnel plot approach were useful for assessing the performance of PCTs that were above average in mortality and below average in surgery.

title: Inequalities in XXXX treatment and mortality.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Treatment plan for neonates with @entity2 (persistent hyperthyrotropinemia with normothyroxinemia) has not been established. In this study, changes in thyroid function after discontinuation of low-dose @entity3 ( @entity4 ) supplement in @entity0 with the condition were evaluated. Fourteen @entity0 with hyperthyrotropinemia at neonatal screening had repeated hyperthyrotropinemia (> 8 mU/L) with normothyroxinemia. TSH response was exaggerated at TRH testing. The subjects were treated with low-dose @entity4 (3 to 9 microg/kg/day) for 2.2 to 6 years, and euthyroid status was maintained. After discontinuation of therapy, mild hyperthyrotropinemia persisted up to 24 months, while serum FT4 remained within the lower half of the normal range. TSH response to @entity1 stimulation, which tended to be exaggerated 1 month after discontinuation, became lower 6 to 12 months later. RAIU and thyroid scintigraphy were normal in all subjects. No @entity0 developed hypothyroxinemia, although mild elevation of TSH lasted rather long after discontinuation of low-dose @entity4 therapy. Administration of @entity4 was not resumed provided the subjects were followed at regular interval. Further long-term investigation is needed to define whether re-administration is necessary or not.

title: Persistence of mild hyperthyrotropinemia after discontinuation of three-year course of low-dose @entity3 therapy in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Treatment plan for neonates with @entity2 (persistent hyperthyrotropinemia with normothyroxinemia) has not been established. In this study, changes in thyroid function after discontinuation of low-dose @entity3 ( @entity4 ) supplement in @entity0 with the condition were evaluated. Fourteen @entity0 with hyperthyrotropinemia at neonatal screening had repeated hyperthyrotropinemia (> 8 mU/L) with normothyroxinemia. TSH response was exaggerated at TRH testing. The subjects were treated with low-dose @entity4 (3 to 9 microg/kg/day) for 2.2 to 6 years, and euthyroid status was maintained. After discontinuation of therapy, mild hyperthyrotropinemia persisted up to 24 months, while serum FT4 remained within the lower half of the normal range. TSH response to @entity1 stimulation, which tended to be exaggerated 1 month after discontinuation, became lower 6 to 12 months later. RAIU and thyroid scintigraphy were normal in all subjects. No @entity0 developed hypothyroxinemia, although mild elevation of TSH lasted rather long after discontinuation of low-dose @entity4 therapy. Administration of @entity4 was not resumed provided the subjects were followed at regular interval. Further long-term investigation is needed to define whether re-administration is necessary or not.

title: Persistence of mild hyperthyrotropinemia after discontinuation of three-year course of low-dose XXXX therapy in @entity0 with @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Treatment plan for neonates with @entity2 (persistent hyperthyrotropinemia with normothyroxinemia) has not been established. In this study, changes in thyroid function after discontinuation of low-dose @entity3 ( @entity4 ) supplement in @entity0 with the condition were evaluated. Fourteen @entity0 with hyperthyrotropinemia at neonatal screening had repeated hyperthyrotropinemia (> 8 mU/L) with normothyroxinemia. TSH response was exaggerated at TRH testing. The subjects were treated with low-dose @entity4 (3 to 9 microg/kg/day) for 2.2 to 6 years, and euthyroid status was maintained. After discontinuation of therapy, mild hyperthyrotropinemia persisted up to 24 months, while serum FT4 remained within the lower half of the normal range. TSH response to @entity1 stimulation, which tended to be exaggerated 1 month after discontinuation, became lower 6 to 12 months later. RAIU and thyroid scintigraphy were normal in all subjects. No @entity0 developed hypothyroxinemia, although mild elevation of TSH lasted rather long after discontinuation of low-dose @entity4 therapy. Administration of @entity4 was not resumed provided the subjects were followed at regular interval. Further long-term investigation is needed to define whether re-administration is necessary or not.

title: Persistence of mild hyperthyrotropinemia after discontinuation of three-year course of low-dose @entity3 therapy in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity8 is expressed in the heart in animal models of @entity2 . Recent studies have suggested that @entity8 products are involved in inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblast proliferation in the heart. Using a @entity1 model, we questioned whether 1). @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in vivo induces @entity8 expression chronically, and 2). @entity8 inhibition reduces collagen content and improves cardiac function in @entity1 with @entity4 . @entity4 was produced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in @entity1 . Two days later, @entity1 were treated with 3 mg/kg @entity7 , a selective @entity8 inhibitor, or vehicle in drinking water for 2 wk. After the treatment period, @entity1 were subjected to two-dimensional M-mode echocardiography to determine cardiac function. Hearts were then analyzed for determination of @entity6 size, interstitial collagen content, @entity10 ( @entity10 ) mRNA, myocyte cross-sectional area, and immunohistochemical staining for transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and @entity8 . @entity8 protein, detected by immunohistochemistry, was increased in @entity4 versus sham hearts. @entity4 resulted in increased left ventricular systolic and diastolic dimension and decreased ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and cardiac output. @entity7 treatment partly reversed these detrimental changes. Myocyte cross-sectional area, a measure of @entity5 , was decreased by 30% in the @entity7 versus vehicle group, but there was no effect on @entity10 mRNA. The interstitial collagen fraction increased from 5.4 +/- 0.4% in sham hearts to 10.4 +/- 0.9% in @entity4 hearts and was decreased to 7.9 +/- 0.6% in @entity7 -treated hearts. A second @entity8 inhibitor, @entity9 ( @entity9 ), also decreased myocyte cross-sectional area and interstitial collagen fraction. TGF-beta, a key regulator of collagen synthesis, was increased in @entity4 hearts. @entity7 treatment reduced TGF-beta immunostaining by 40%. @entity7 treatment had no effect on @entity6 size. These results suggest that @entity8 products contribute to @entity3 after @entity4 . Thus selected inhibition of @entity8 may be a therapeutic target for reducing @entity0 after @entity4 .

title: Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 improves cardiac function after XXXX in the @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity8 is expressed in the heart in animal models of @entity2 . Recent studies have suggested that @entity8 products are involved in inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroblast proliferation in the heart. Using a @entity1 model, we questioned whether 1). @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in vivo induces @entity8 expression chronically, and 2). @entity8 inhibition reduces collagen content and improves cardiac function in @entity1 with @entity4 . @entity4 was produced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in @entity1 . Two days later, @entity1 were treated with 3 mg/kg @entity7 , a selective @entity8 inhibitor, or vehicle in drinking water for 2 wk. After the treatment period, @entity1 were subjected to two-dimensional M-mode echocardiography to determine cardiac function. Hearts were then analyzed for determination of @entity6 size, interstitial collagen content, @entity10 ( @entity10 ) mRNA, myocyte cross-sectional area, and immunohistochemical staining for transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and @entity8 . @entity8 protein, detected by immunohistochemistry, was increased in @entity4 versus sham hearts. @entity4 resulted in increased left ventricular systolic and diastolic dimension and decreased ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and cardiac output. @entity7 treatment partly reversed these detrimental changes. Myocyte cross-sectional area, a measure of @entity5 , was decreased by 30% in the @entity7 versus vehicle group, but there was no effect on @entity10 mRNA. The interstitial collagen fraction increased from 5.4 +/- 0.4% in sham hearts to 10.4 +/- 0.9% in @entity4 hearts and was decreased to 7.9 +/- 0.6% in @entity7 -treated hearts. A second @entity8 inhibitor, @entity9 ( @entity9 ), also decreased myocyte cross-sectional area and interstitial collagen fraction. TGF-beta, a key regulator of collagen synthesis, was increased in @entity4 hearts. @entity7 treatment reduced TGF-beta immunostaining by 40%. @entity7 treatment had no effect on @entity6 size. These results suggest that @entity8 products contribute to @entity3 after @entity4 . Thus selected inhibition of @entity8 may be a therapeutic target for reducing @entity0 after @entity4 .

title: Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 improves cardiac function after @entity4 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical needs often dictate testing for several autoantibodies in a single @entity0 with evidence of @entity4 . We developed a microarray containing 15 autoantigens for the detection of autoantibodies in @entity4 . METHODS: We synthesized recombinant @entity9 , @entity7 , SSA 52-kDa antigen, SSA 60-kDa antigen, SSB antigen, and Jo-1 antigen and prepared anti-nuclear antibody antigens. Cyclic citrullinated peptide, histone, goat IgG for detection of rheumatoid factor, double-stranded DNA, and single-stranded DNA were purchased, as were recombinant small nuclear ribonucleoprotein U1, topoisomerase I, and Smith antigen (Sm). All 15 antigens were of @entity0 origin except @entity1 thymus Sm. Proteins were printed on @entity5 . The arrays were incubated with serum samples and then with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies and chemiluminescent substrates, and light signals were captured by a charge-coupled device camera-based chip reader. Antibodies were quantified by use of calibration curves. Positive samples were confirmed by commercially available methods. RESULTS: The detection limit of the microarray system was 20 pg of IgG printed on the @entity5 support. More than 85% of the confirmed positive sera were detected as positive with the microarray system based on cutoff values established with the microarray system. The imprecision (CV) of the microarrays was <15% for all 15 autoantibody assays, with the exception of single-stranded DNA (18% and 23%) within and between batches. Characteristic autoantibody patterns were seen in @entity0 with clinical diagnoses of @entity2 (n = 83), @entity6 (n = 71), @entity3 (n = 36), @entity8 (n = 38), and Sjogren syndrome (n = 20). CONCLUSIONS: This microarray system provides results similar to those by conventional methods. Assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of the system remains to be done.

title: Parallel detection of autoantibodies with microarrays in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Combined electrophysiological and imaging techniques were used to study @entity2 currents (ICa) and their sites of origin at rod bipolar cells in @entity0 retinal slices. We report here for the first time the successful whole-cell patch-clamp recording from presynaptic boutons that were compared with somatic recordings. @entity6 -resistant inward currents were elicited in response to depolarization. The kinetic and pharmacological properties of ICa were very similar for recordings obtained from the soma and the presynaptic terminals. ICa activated maximally between -30 and -20 mV was enhanced by @entity8 and was blocked by @entity7 and @entity3 . Peak amplitude and time to peak were -31.3 +/- 1.2 pA and 3.2 +/- 0.2 msec with somatic recordings (n = 54), whereas the corresponding values were -31.6 +/- 6.1 pA and 3.2 +/- 0.7 msec in recordings obtained directly from terminals (n = 6). ICa showed little inactivation during sustained depolarizations. No T-type ICa was observed with depolarizations from -90 mV. Concomitant with @entity1 entry, depolarization induced the appearance of transient outward currents that resembled IPSCs and were blocked by @entity4 and @entity5 receptor antagonists, suggesting that they arise from activation of amacrine feedback synapses. Upon depolarization, intracellular @entity1 ([ @entity1 ]i) rises were restricted to the presynaptic terminals with no somatic or axonal changes and were linearly dependent on pulse duration when using a low-affinity @entity1 indicator. In cone bipolar cells, ICa inactivated markedly, and [ @entity1 ]i rises occurred in the axon, as well as in the presynaptic terminals.

title: XXXX currents and @entity2 signaling in rod bipolar cells of @entity0 retinal slices.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Combined electrophysiological and imaging techniques were used to study @entity2 currents (ICa) and their sites of origin at rod bipolar cells in @entity0 retinal slices. We report here for the first time the successful whole-cell patch-clamp recording from presynaptic boutons that were compared with somatic recordings. @entity6 -resistant inward currents were elicited in response to depolarization. The kinetic and pharmacological properties of ICa were very similar for recordings obtained from the soma and the presynaptic terminals. ICa activated maximally between -30 and -20 mV was enhanced by @entity8 and was blocked by @entity7 and @entity3 . Peak amplitude and time to peak were -31.3 +/- 1.2 pA and 3.2 +/- 0.2 msec with somatic recordings (n = 54), whereas the corresponding values were -31.6 +/- 6.1 pA and 3.2 +/- 0.7 msec in recordings obtained directly from terminals (n = 6). ICa showed little inactivation during sustained depolarizations. No T-type ICa was observed with depolarizations from -90 mV. Concomitant with @entity1 entry, depolarization induced the appearance of transient outward currents that resembled IPSCs and were blocked by @entity4 and @entity5 receptor antagonists, suggesting that they arise from activation of amacrine feedback synapses. Upon depolarization, intracellular @entity1 ([ @entity1 ]i) rises were restricted to the presynaptic terminals with no somatic or axonal changes and were linearly dependent on pulse duration when using a low-affinity @entity1 indicator. In cone bipolar cells, ICa inactivated markedly, and [ @entity1 ]i rises occurred in the axon, as well as in the presynaptic terminals.

title: @entity2 currents and XXXX signaling in rod bipolar cells of @entity0 retinal slices.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Combined electrophysiological and imaging techniques were used to study @entity2 currents (ICa) and their sites of origin at rod bipolar cells in @entity0 retinal slices. We report here for the first time the successful whole-cell patch-clamp recording from presynaptic boutons that were compared with somatic recordings. @entity6 -resistant inward currents were elicited in response to depolarization. The kinetic and pharmacological properties of ICa were very similar for recordings obtained from the soma and the presynaptic terminals. ICa activated maximally between -30 and -20 mV was enhanced by @entity8 and was blocked by @entity7 and @entity3 . Peak amplitude and time to peak were -31.3 +/- 1.2 pA and 3.2 +/- 0.2 msec with somatic recordings (n = 54), whereas the corresponding values were -31.6 +/- 6.1 pA and 3.2 +/- 0.7 msec in recordings obtained directly from terminals (n = 6). ICa showed little inactivation during sustained depolarizations. No T-type ICa was observed with depolarizations from -90 mV. Concomitant with @entity1 entry, depolarization induced the appearance of transient outward currents that resembled IPSCs and were blocked by @entity4 and @entity5 receptor antagonists, suggesting that they arise from activation of amacrine feedback synapses. Upon depolarization, intracellular @entity1 ([ @entity1 ]i) rises were restricted to the presynaptic terminals with no somatic or axonal changes and were linearly dependent on pulse duration when using a low-affinity @entity1 indicator. In cone bipolar cells, ICa inactivated markedly, and [ @entity1 ]i rises occurred in the axon, as well as in the presynaptic terminals.

title: @entity2 currents and @entity2 signaling in rod bipolar cells of XXXX retinal slices.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The lack of axonal regeneration in the injured adult @entity0 spinal cord leads to permanent functional impairment. To induce axonal regeneration in the transected adult @entity1 spinal cord, we have used the axonal growth-promoting properties of adult olfactory bulb ensheathing glia (EG). Schwann cell (SC)-filled guidance channels were grafted to bridge both @entity2 , and suspensions of pure (98%) Hoechst-labeled EG were stereotaxically injected into the midline of both stumps, 1 mm from the edges of the channel. In EG-transplanted animals, numerous neurofilament-, GAP-43-, anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide ( @entity4 )-, and @entity3 -immunoreactive fibers traversed the glial scars formed at both cord-graft interfaces. Supraspinal serotonergic axons crossed the transection gap through connective tissue bridges formed on the exterior of the channels, avoiding the channel interior. Strikingly, after crossing the distal glial scar, these fibers elongated in white and periaqueductal gray matter, reaching the farthest distance analyzed (1.5 cm). Tracer-labeled axons present in SC grafts were found to extend across the distal interface and up to 800 microm beyond in the distal cord. Long-distance regeneration (at least 2.5 cm) of injured ascending propriospinal axons was observed in the rostral spinal cord. Transplanted EG migrated longitudinally and laterally from the injection sites, reaching the farthest distance analyzed (1.5 cm). They moved through white matter tracts, gray matter, and glial scars, overcoming the inhibitory nature of the CNS environment, and invaded SC and connective tissue bridges and the dorsal and ventral roots adjacent to the transection site. Transplanted EG and regenerating axons were found in the same locations. Because EG seem to provide injured spinal axons with appropriate factors for long-distance elongation, these cells offer new possibilities for treatment of CNS conditions that require axonal regeneration.

title: Long-distance axonal regeneration in the transected adult XXXX spinal cord is promoted by olfactory ensheathing glia transplants.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity11 in @entity7 is rare but potentially fatal. Extension of contiguous @entity3 or @entity1 , autodigestive effects of enzymes, or dissection of a @entity15 or @entity9 may involve the colon producing obstruction, perforation, @entity6 , or @entity5 . RESULTS: Nine @entity0 with @entity7 requiring colonic resection were identified. Cases included @entity10 producing @entity8 invading the colon (3). extension of @entity10 producing a @entity8 (3). and @entity15 eroding into the splenic flexure (1). Presentation was varied, including @entity6 (2). clinical deterioration during severe @entity10 (4). and @entity12 (3). The 3 cases due to malignancy, 1 of which was recurrent, presented with primary @entity2 suggesting @entity7 . Typically, @entity0 with severe acute @entity10 had @entity8 obscured and unrecognized initially because of the ongoing, fulminant inflammatory process. CONCLUSIONS: Recognition of large bowel involvement may be difficult because of nonspecific symptoms or be masked by the systemic features of a @entity14 . Colonoscopy, contrast x-rays, or CT scan may be vital in selected cases to detect underlying pathology. Clinicians should be aware that acute or chronic @entity10 or @entity13 may compress, erode, or inflame the large bowel, resulting in life-threatening @entity4 , @entity6 , obstruction, or perforation.

title: Severe colonic complications of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) responds to treatment with @entity3 and @entity6 , but relapse is rapid and survival rates are low. Our aims were to determine the mechanisms of resistance and the potential for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to overcome any drug or radiation resistance. To mimic clinical treatment, H69 @entity2 cells, representative of the classic form of the disease, and H82 cells, with the phenotype of the more resistant variant disease, were treated intermittently with 100 ng/ml @entity3 or 500 ng/ml @entity6 (approximate IC50 drug doses) to produce stable sublines. Drug and radiation resistance were determined using the @entity0 assay. Protein expression was determined by Western blot. The effect of @entity4 on drug resistance was determined by @entity1 assays. Intermittent 4-day treatment with 100 ng/ml @entity3 caused 2- to 3-fold resistance to @entity3 (n=5; p<0.05), and 2- to 5-fold cross resistance to @entity6 , alkylating drugs, the Vinca drugs and radiation. Resistance was mediated primarily by changes in @entity5 metabolism and was not associated with changes in @entity7 transport protein. Treatment with @entity6 (500 ng/ml) produced cells with 2-fold resistance to @entity6 (n=5; p<0.05). Cross-resistance was limited and mediated by decreased topoisomerase IIalpha. Treatment of both drug-resistant sublines with a maximal non-cytotoxic dose of @entity4 sensitized them to other drugs and to radiation, although this treatment had no effect on the parental H69 or H82 cells. We conclude that @entity4 may play an important role in the treatment of refractory @entity2 .

title: Modulation of drug and radiation resistance in XXXX cells by @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) responds to treatment with @entity3 and @entity6 , but relapse is rapid and survival rates are low. Our aims were to determine the mechanisms of resistance and the potential for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to overcome any drug or radiation resistance. To mimic clinical treatment, H69 @entity2 cells, representative of the classic form of the disease, and H82 cells, with the phenotype of the more resistant variant disease, were treated intermittently with 100 ng/ml @entity3 or 500 ng/ml @entity6 (approximate IC50 drug doses) to produce stable sublines. Drug and radiation resistance were determined using the @entity0 assay. Protein expression was determined by Western blot. The effect of @entity4 on drug resistance was determined by @entity1 assays. Intermittent 4-day treatment with 100 ng/ml @entity3 caused 2- to 3-fold resistance to @entity3 (n=5; p<0.05), and 2- to 5-fold cross resistance to @entity6 , alkylating drugs, the Vinca drugs and radiation. Resistance was mediated primarily by changes in @entity5 metabolism and was not associated with changes in @entity7 transport protein. Treatment with @entity6 (500 ng/ml) produced cells with 2-fold resistance to @entity6 (n=5; p<0.05). Cross-resistance was limited and mediated by decreased topoisomerase IIalpha. Treatment of both drug-resistant sublines with a maximal non-cytotoxic dose of @entity4 sensitized them to other drugs and to radiation, although this treatment had no effect on the parental H69 or H82 cells. We conclude that @entity4 may play an important role in the treatment of refractory @entity2 .

title: Modulation of drug and radiation resistance in @entity2 cells by XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: In the past two decades, normal endothelial function has been identified as integral to vascular health. The endothelium produces numerous vasodilator and vasoconstrictor compounds that regulate vascular tone; the vasodilator, @entity5 (NO), has additional antiatherogenic properties, is probably the most important and best characterised mediator, and its intrinsic vasodilator function is commonly used as a surrogate index of endothelial function. Many conditions, including @entity4 , @entity1 and even vascular risk factors, are associated with @entity3 , which, in turn, correlates with @entity2 . Furthermore, clinical benefit and improved endothelial function tend to be associated in response to interventions. Shear stress on endothelial cells is a potent stimulus for NO production. Although the role of endothelium-derived NO in acute exercise has not been fully resolved, exercise training involving repetitive bouts of exercise over weeks or months up-regulates endothelial NO bioactivity. Animal studies have found improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation after as few as 7 days of exercise. Consequent changes in vasodilator function appear to persist for several weeks but may regress with long-term training, perhaps reflecting progression to structural adaptation which may, however, have been partly endothelium-dependent. The increase in blood flow, and change in haemodynamics that occur during acute exercise may, therefore, provide a stimulus for both acute and chronic changes in vascular function. Substantial differences within species and within the vasculature appear to exist. In @entity0 , exercise training improves endothelium-dependent vasodilator function, not only as a localised phenomenon in the active muscle group, but also as a systemic response when a relatively large mass of muscle is activated regularly during an exercise training programme. Individuals with initially impaired endothelial function at baseline appear to be more responsive to exercise training than healthy individuals; that is, it is more difficult to improve already normal vascular function. While improvement is reflected in increased NO bioactivity, the detail of mechanisms, for example the relative importance of up-regulation of mediators and antioxidant effects, is unclear. Optimum training schedules, possible sequential changes and the duration of benefit under various conditions also remain largely unresolved. In summary, epidemiological evidence strongly suggests that regular exercise confers beneficial effects on @entity2 . Shear stress-mediated improvement in endothelial function provides one plausible explanation for the cardioprotective benefits of exercise training.

title: Exercise and the XXXX vasodilator system.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: There is a lack of research evaluating multiple follow-up visits, specifically when using continuous outcome measures. Continuous outcome measures with several follow-up assessments would allow us to evaluate rate of recovery. PURPOSE: To predict low back @entity1 outcomes based on the quantification of initial conditions. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: This was a prospective study where @entity0 were enrolled within the first month of low back @entity1 symptoms and evaluated for 3 months. @entity0 were recruited from several primary care facilities. @entity0 SAMPLE: Thirty-two @entity0 with local low back @entity1 symptoms were recruited for the study. OUTCOME MEASURES: There were four major outcome measures, including functional performance probability, symptom intensity, impairment of activities of daily living, and a summary outcome measure. METHODS: Regression models were constructed using the initial conditions, including psychological, psychosocial, physical workplace, and personal factors, to predict the rate of recovery for each outcome measure. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity0 completed the study. The r2 value for the rate of recovery regression models were 0.77 symptom intensity prediction, 0.85 activities of daily living prediction, 0.87 functional performance probability prediction, and 0.96 summary outcome measure prediction. Two functional performance patterns of recovery were found, including a steady improvement and a large jump in improvement. A discriminant function model identified the pattern of recovery in 91% of cases given initial conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous outcome measures can be accurately predicted given the initial conditions.

title: Predicting recovery using continuous low back XXXX outcome measures.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a neurological complication observed in @entity0 with @entity6 . @entity0 who suffer from @entity3 present neuropsychiatric, neuromuscular and behavioral symptoms. Animal models proposed to study @entity3 resulting from @entity2 mimic the clinical characteristics of @entity2 and @entity4 , and require the administration of hepatotoxins such as @entity10 ( @entity9 ). The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a high protein diet on motor function, @entity5 and memory processes in a model of @entity2 induced by @entity9 administration. In addition, we used cytochrome c-oxidase (COx) histochemistry to assess the metabolic activity of the limbic system regions. Male @entity1 were distributed into groups: control, animals with @entity2 , Control @entity1 receiving a high protein diet, and animals with @entity2 receiving a high protein diet. Results showed preserved motor function and normal @entity5 levels in all the groups. The animals with @entity2 showed an impairment in active avoidance behavior and spatial memory, regardless of the diet they received. However, the animals with @entity2 and a high protein diet showed longer escape latencies on the spatial memory task. The model of @entity2 presented an under-activation of the dentate gyrus and @entity7 hippocampal subfields and the medial part of the medial mammillary nucleus. The results suggest that a high protein intake worsens spatial @entity8 shown by the @entity9 -induced model of @entity2 . However, high protein ingestion has no influence on the COx hypoactivity associated with the model.

title: Effects of a high protein diet on cognition and brain metabolism in cirrhotic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In the present study, we investigated the oscillatory behavior of the auditory thalamic neurons through in vivo intracellular and extracellular recordings in anesthetized @entity1 . Repeated acoustic stimulus and cortical electrical stimulation were applied to examine their modulatory effects on the @entity3 . The time course of the spike frequency over each trial was obtained by summing all spikes in the onset period and/or the last time period of 100 or 200 msec in the raster display. Spectral analysis was made on the time course of the spike frequency. A slow-frequency oscillation ranging from 0.03 to 0.25 Hz (mean +/- SD, 0.11 +/- 0.05 Hz) was found in the medial geniculate body (MGB) together with a second rhythm of 5-10 Hz. The oscillation neurons had a mean auditory response latency of 17.3 +/- 0.3 msec, which was significantly longer than that of the non-oscillation neurons in lemniscal MGB (9.0 +/- 1.5 msec, p < 0.001, ANOVA) and similar to the non-oscillation neurons in the non-lemniscal MGB (17.6 +/- 5.4 msec, p = 0.811). They were located in the non-lemniscal nuclei of the auditory thalamus. Cortical stimulation altered the @entity3 , leading to termination of the oscillation or to acceleration of the rhythm of the oscillation (the average rhythm changed from 0.07 +/- 0.03 to 0.11 +/- 0.04 Hz, n = 8, p = 0.066, t test). Acoustic stimulation triggered a more regular rhythm in the oscillation neurons. The present results suggest that only the @entity2 is involved in the @entity0 . The auditory cortex may control the oscillation of the auditory thalamic neurons.

title: @entity0 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the present study, we investigated the oscillatory behavior of the auditory thalamic neurons through in vivo intracellular and extracellular recordings in anesthetized @entity1 . Repeated acoustic stimulus and cortical electrical stimulation were applied to examine their modulatory effects on the @entity3 . The time course of the spike frequency over each trial was obtained by summing all spikes in the onset period and/or the last time period of 100 or 200 msec in the raster display. Spectral analysis was made on the time course of the spike frequency. A slow-frequency oscillation ranging from 0.03 to 0.25 Hz (mean +/- SD, 0.11 +/- 0.05 Hz) was found in the medial geniculate body (MGB) together with a second rhythm of 5-10 Hz. The oscillation neurons had a mean auditory response latency of 17.3 +/- 0.3 msec, which was significantly longer than that of the non-oscillation neurons in lemniscal MGB (9.0 +/- 1.5 msec, p < 0.001, ANOVA) and similar to the non-oscillation neurons in the non-lemniscal MGB (17.6 +/- 5.4 msec, p = 0.811). They were located in the non-lemniscal nuclei of the auditory thalamus. Cortical stimulation altered the @entity3 , leading to termination of the oscillation or to acceleration of the rhythm of the oscillation (the average rhythm changed from 0.07 +/- 0.03 to 0.11 +/- 0.04 Hz, n = 8, p = 0.066, t test). Acoustic stimulation triggered a more regular rhythm in the oscillation neurons. The present results suggest that only the @entity2 is involved in the @entity0 . The auditory cortex may control the oscillation of the auditory thalamic neurons.

title: XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: @entity4 influx into cells is responsible for initiating the "final pathway" to cell death in neuronal tissue after traumatic or @entity1 . The specific pathways in this cascade are myriad and the importance each one plays is controversial. It is clear, though, that blocking individual pathways confers protection to these tissues. PURPOSE: In the present study we examined the role of @entity3 (CsA), @entity8 and @entity9 in modulating the effects of @entity2 influx through their interactions with immunophilins and specifically the end result of @entity11 modulation. METHODS: Dorsal columns were isolated from the spinal cord of adult @entity0 and injured by exposure to @entity5 conditions for 60 minutes. The samples were monitored electrophysiologically in an in vitro recording chamber (maintained at 37 C degrees ) during injury, and the @entity10 ( @entity10 ) was monitored with glass microelectrodes. The dorsal column was exposed to @entity5 Ringers solution alone or with the different immunosuppressants and compared with baseline readings. Functional recovery of the dorsal column was then assessed by recovery of the @entity10 . RESULTS: The mean @entity10 decreased to about 20% of baseline control levels during @entity5 and returned 53.8+/-7.6% of baseline (p<.05) after reoxygenation. CsA, an immunosuppressant known to inhibit calcineurin, promoted a significantly greater recovery of @entity10 amplitude to 76.8+/-5.2% and 72.1+/-13.2% of control (p<.05) after @entity1 and reoxygenation of dorsal column white matter when applied at concentrations of 1 microM and 10 microM, respectively. @entity8 , which also inhibits calcineurin, was applied at a concentration of 0.1 microM, and promoted @entity10 amplitude recovery to 82.6+/-5.0% of control after @entity1 and reoxygenation of dorsal column white matter. The addition of @entity9 (1 microM), which binds to the same immunophilin as @entity8 , to the @entity8 (0.1 microM) solution during @entity1 showed recovery of @entity10 amplitudes to only 56.9+/-6.7% of control. Electron microscopy revealed remarkable protection of axons and prevention of organelle disruption in segments treated with @entity7 and @entity8 during @entity5 when compared with @entity5 controls. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, both CsA and @entity8 confer in vitro protection to dorsal columns during @entity1 at physiological temperatures, and @entity9 blocks the protective effect of @entity8 . Thus, calcineurin may play an important role in the physiology of @entity6 .

title: Role of calcineurin in XXXX -mediated hypoxic injury to white matter.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is an accepted surgical procedure to treat degenerative conditions, including disc @entity5 and @entity1 . The literature on lumbar spine surgery reports that @entity0 with a @entity3 claim have less successful clinical results. Regarding the cervical spine, however, different conclusions have been drawn. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to directly compare the functional outcomes of ACDF in @entity0 with and without a @entity3 claim and to determine whether a compensation claim adversely affected the clinical outcome. STUDY DESIGN: This is a retrospective study examining the long-term results of ACDF in the workman's and @entity4 populations. @entity0 SAMPLE: Eighty consecutive @entity0 undergoing ACDF were retrospectively analyzed. The @entity0 were divided into two groups: 30 @entity0 in Group 1 ( @entity3 ) and 50 @entity0 in Group 2 ( @entity4 ). The average age of Group 1 was 45 years (range, 31 to 57) and Group 2 was 45 years (range, 30 to 79). The @entity0 were followed for an average length of 4 years (range, 2 to 7 years). OUTCOME MEASURES: We evaluated the surgical results using a functional outcome scoring system (Odom's Criteria), visual analog scale and a radiographic grading scale. The questionnaire was independently administered in a standard question-answer format at the 1-year follow-up. Statistical analyses was performed using a Levene's test. METHODS: All surgeries were performed by the same attending physician. A left-sided approach and Smith-Robinson fusion technique with autograft or allograft without instrumentation was used in all cases. A hard cervical orthosis was used postoperatively for 8 weeks. Radiographic examination including lateral flexion and extension views were obtained at a minimum of 12 months postoperatively. Furthermore, radiographic analysis was performed each subsequent postoperative year. The radiographs were analyzed by two independent physicians in a blind fashion for evidence of radiographic fusion. RESULTS: At follow-up no discernible difference was noted for functional outcomes. Eighty-three percent of @entity0 in Group 1 and 90% of @entity0 in Group 2 noted excellent or good results. This was not statistically significant (p=.280). In Group 1, 97% of @entity0 returned to work at an average of 18 weeks, whereas 98% of @entity0 in Group 2 returned to work at an average of 10 weeks postoperatively. Upon radiographic evaluation, 64% of @entity0 in Group 1 were determined to have a solid fusion (Grade 3). The fusion rate in Group 2 was 72%. This was not statistically significant. However, the fusion rate among smokers was 50%, and among nonsmokers it was 80%. This was statistically significant (p=.001). CONCLUSIONS: Workman's compensation claims did not adversely affect the functional outcome of ACDF. It should be noted that a significant increase in @entity2 was noted with the smoking population. @entity0 selection is a critical factor in determining functional outcome, with 83% good to excellent results if the pathology, clinical presentation and radiographic findings correlate

title: Comparing outcomes of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion in workman's versus XXXX population.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity2 vasopressin (AVP) stimulates the secretion of ACTH from pituitary corticotropes. We investigated the action of AVP in single corticotropes of male @entity0 . Corticotropes were identified with the reverse hemolytic plaque assay using antibodies against ACTH. Using the whole-cell recording technique in conjunction with the fluorescent @entity1 indicator, indo-1 to measure the concentration of cytosolic free @entity1 ([ @entity1 ]i), we show that AVP triggers a transient and plateau pattern of @entity1 signal. The [ @entity1 ]i elevation activates the apamin-sensitive @entity1 -activated K+ current, which, in turn, causes membrane hyperpolarization. The @entity1 signal can be elicited in the absence of extracellular @entity1 and is mimicked by intracellular @entity3 (IP3). Both @entity4 -beta-S and heparin inhibit the AVP response. Thus, AVP triggers intracellular @entity1 release from the (IP3)-sensitive store via a GTP binding protein-coupled phosphoinositide pathway. Using the high temporal resolution capacitance measurement to detect exocytosis in single corticotropes, we show that a burst of exocytosis is evoked during the AVP-triggered [ @entity1 ]i elevation. Exocytosis can also be triggered when @entity1 is released directly from the IP3-sensitive store via flash photolysis of caged IP3. We conclude that AVP-stimulated ACTH secretion in @entity0 corticotrophs is closely coupled to intracellular @entity1 release from the IP3-sensitive store.

title: XXXX vasopressin triggers intracellular calcium release, a calcium-activated potassium current and exocytosis in identified @entity0 corticotropes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 vasopressin (AVP) stimulates the secretion of ACTH from pituitary corticotropes. We investigated the action of AVP in single corticotropes of male @entity0 . Corticotropes were identified with the reverse hemolytic plaque assay using antibodies against ACTH. Using the whole-cell recording technique in conjunction with the fluorescent @entity1 indicator, indo-1 to measure the concentration of cytosolic free @entity1 ([ @entity1 ]i), we show that AVP triggers a transient and plateau pattern of @entity1 signal. The [ @entity1 ]i elevation activates the apamin-sensitive @entity1 -activated K+ current, which, in turn, causes membrane hyperpolarization. The @entity1 signal can be elicited in the absence of extracellular @entity1 and is mimicked by intracellular @entity3 (IP3). Both @entity4 -beta-S and heparin inhibit the AVP response. Thus, AVP triggers intracellular @entity1 release from the (IP3)-sensitive store via a GTP binding protein-coupled phosphoinositide pathway. Using the high temporal resolution capacitance measurement to detect exocytosis in single corticotropes, we show that a burst of exocytosis is evoked during the AVP-triggered [ @entity1 ]i elevation. Exocytosis can also be triggered when @entity1 is released directly from the IP3-sensitive store via flash photolysis of caged IP3. We conclude that AVP-stimulated ACTH secretion in @entity0 corticotrophs is closely coupled to intracellular @entity1 release from the IP3-sensitive store.

title: @entity2 vasopressin triggers intracellular calcium release, a calcium-activated potassium current and exocytosis in identified XXXX corticotropes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Many authors have evaluated the components responsible for ultimate pullout strength of pedicle screws. In these studies, one important variable has been the screw fixation. Because pedicle screw fixation has increased in popularity over recent years, so has the need for augmentation in difficult situations. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been established as the gold standard in terms of strength of fixation but has the potential for severe complications when applied in spine surgery. @entity0 is an alternative to @entity1 , because it lacks the exothermic reaction, is potentially osteoconductive and is resorbed by the body in 30 to 60 days. PURPOSE: To determine the strength of a new @entity0 cement in terms of pedicle screw augmentation. The purpose was to evaluate @entity0 versus @entity1 in terms of pullout strength. @entity1 was considered the gold standard in terms of strength for this experiment. STUDY DESIGN: Lumbar vertebrae implanted with pedicle screws were subjected to axial pullout tests. The force required to cause implant failure was measured and compared for three methods of fixation. OUTCOME MEASURES: Force to failure (Newtons) for each pedicle test was recorded and analyzed with results from similarly augmented pedicles. METHODS: Lumbar vertebrae were harvested from four cadavers and implanted with pedicle screws. These screws were either placed in native bone or augmented with either @entity0 paste or @entity1 . In those pedicles that had augmentation, the material was permitted to set for a minimum of 24 hours. Axial pullout tests were then performed using an MTS (Materials Testing System Corporation, Minneapolis, MN) testing machine. The screws were pulled out over a distance of up to 6 mm at 0.25 mm/sec. This rate and distance ensured failure in each case. The load to failure was recorded for each pedicle. RESULTS: @entity0 augmentation improved pedicle screw pullout strength significantly when compared with native bone (p=.0003). This represented an average increase of 167% over the native bone. Likewise, @entity1 improved the pullout strength significantly over native bone (p<.0001) for an average increase of 199%. There were no significant differences between the @entity0 and @entity1 augmentation (p=.0791), although the @entity1 averaged 119% of the strength of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Although @entity1 is considered the gold standard in terms of fixation strength, its use around the spine has been limited because of concern over complications. The @entity0 bone paste tested in this study demonstrated strength similar to @entity1 without the major risks to the spinal cord. In addition, the @entity0 paste allows for possible osteoconduction to aid in spinal fusion. Further study is needed to determine the applicability of this @entity0 paste in the clinical setting of spine surgery.

title: Evaluation of XXXX paste for augmentation of lumbar pedicle screw pullout strength.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have investigated factors affecting stability at the subunit-subunit interface of the dimeric enzyme @entity5 dehydrogenase (IPMDH) from @entity4 . Site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace @entity3 256, a key residue in the subunit interaction, with other @entity2 . Thermal stability against irreversible inactivation of the mutated enzymes was examined by analyzing the residual activity after heat treatment. The mutations @entity6 and @entity7 increased thermostability by 2.0 and 6.0 degrees C, respectively, whereas the mutations @entity8 and @entity9 had no effect. Thermostability of the @entity10 mutated enzyme was 4.0 degrees C lower than that of the wild-type enzyme. To our surprise, increasing the hydrophobicity of residue 256 within the hydrophobic core of the enzyme resulted in a lower thermal stability. The mutated enzymes showed an inverse correlation between thermostability and the volume of the side chain at position 256. Based on the X-ray crystallographic structure of @entity0 IPMDH, the environment around M256 in the @entity4 homolog is predicted to be sterically crowded. These results suggest that Met256 prevents favorable packing. Introduction of a smaller @entity1 at position 256 improves the packing and stabilizes the dimeric structure of IPMDH. The van der Waals volume of the @entity1 residue at the hydrophobic subunit interface is an important factor for maintaining the stability of the subunit-subunit interface and is not always optimized in the mesophilic IPMDH enzyme.

title: Increased thermal stability against irreversible inactivation of XXXX dehydrogenase induced by decreased van der Waals volume at the subunit interface.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity4 stimulates bone formation by increasing the replication of cells of the osteoblastic lineage and by enhancing the differentiated function of the osteoblast. Although @entity4 is synthesized by skeletal cells, little is known about the mechanisms involved and its regulation by growth factors. @entity4 expression is tissue specific and is developmentally regulated. In the present study, we examined the expression of @entity4 in fetal @entity1 , newborn @entity0 and @entity0 osteoblastic (Ob) cells, and in adult @entity1 calvariae. We also determined mechanisms involved in the regulation of @entity4 by platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) BB, @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and @entity3 . Northern analysis revealed @entity4 transcripts of 3.6 and 1.2 kb in osteoblastic cells and adult @entity1 calvariae. Ribonuclease (RNase) protection assay using probes specific to the three known @entity4 promoters, P1, P2, and P3, demonstrated messenger RNA (mRNA) expression driven by P3 in osteoblasts and adult @entity1 calvariae, but no expression of P1 or P2 transcripts. PDGF BB, @entity2 , and @entity3 inhibited the expression of @entity4 P3 mRNA by 50%. PDGF BB, @entity2 , and @entity3 also decreased the rates of @entity4 transcription in @entity1 Ob cells as determined by nuclear run-on assays and did not modify the decay of @entity4 in transcriptionally arrested @entity1 Ob cells. In conclusion, the synthesis of @entity4 in osteoblastic cells and in adult @entity1 calvariae is driven by @entity4 P3 and is regulated by skeletal growth factors acting at the transcriptional level using the @entity4 P3.

title: Insulin-like growth factor II promoter expression in cultured rodent osteoblasts and adult XXXX bone.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of short-term feeding of @entity2 (D3) on blood plasma @entity0 concentrations and meat quality of pork-loin chops. Three experiments were carried out to meet this objective. Experiment 1 used 250,000 IU and 500,000 IU/d to determine the effective dose of dietary D3 to raise blood plasma @entity0 concentration. Experiment 2 used 500,000 IU D3/d to determine the appropriate length of feeding time to elevate blood plasma @entity0 prior to harvest. Experiment 3 used 500,000 IU D3/d to determine the effectiveness of increased blood plasma @entity0 in improving postmortem quality and tenderness of pork-loin chops. @entity1 fed 500,000 IU D3/d in Exp. 1 exhibited higher (P < 0.05) and more stable plasma @entity0 concentration over a 14-d feeding trial compared with @entity1 fed 250,000 IU D3/d and control @entity1 . Therefore, 500,000 IU D3/d was the dose chosen for Exp. 2, in which @entity1 fed 500,000 IU D3/d for 3 d prior to harvest exhibited elevated and stable plasma @entity0 concentrations; this length of time was deemed sufficient in which to observe differences in postmortem meat tenderness in Exp. 3. @entity2 supplementation resulted in lower (P < 0.02) L* values and higher (P < 0.03) a* values of loin chops at 7 and 14 d of shelf storage. @entity2 supplementation did not affect quality characteristics (measured by use of subjective scores) or tenderness (quantified via Warner-Bratzler shear force or Star probe values). On the basis of these findings, feeding 500,000 IU D3/d to finishing @entity1 improved most Hunter color values at 14 d of storage but did not improve pork-loin chop tenderness at 1 to 21 d of retail shelf storage.

title: Short-term feeding of XXXX improves color but does not change tenderness of pork-loin chops.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 , together with PRL and placental lactogens, regulates steroidogenesis and cell @entity3 in the @entity0 corpus luteum of pregnancy. Although binding experiments have demonstrated the presence of @entity2 -binding sites, no evidence exists as to whether the @entity0 corpus luteum of pregnancy expresses the @entity2 receptor (ER) genes. In this investigation, we have analyzed the expression of the two ER genes ( @entity4 and @entity5 ) (by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization) in the @entity0 corpus luteum, studied their developmental changes throughout pregnancy, and investigated the regulation of @entity4 and @entity5 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by PRL and placental lactogens. The RT-PCR studies showed that both ER mRNA species ( @entity4 and @entity5 ) are coexpressed in the @entity0 corpus luteum during pregnancy. Whereas @entity4 mRNA increased from early pregnancy, reached a maximum at midpregnancy, and had a remarkable decline before parturition; @entity5 mRNA remained constant throughout pregnancy, with a significant decline at parturition. Examination of @entity4 and @entity5 mRNA expression at the cellular level, by in situ hybridization, showed @entity4 expressed in both follicles and corpus luteum, with maximal expression at midpregnancy. In parallel with the RT-PCR studies, @entity5 mRNA was similarly expressed throughout pregnancy in the corpus luteum, but it was less abundant when compared with small and growing follicles. Western blot analysis revealed two ER immunoreactive proteins in the nuclear fraction obtained from pregnant @entity0 corpus luteum: a 67-kDa moiety, highly expressed at midpregnancy but barely detectable in early and late gestation; and a 61-kDa form that remained developmentally unchanged. Hypophysectomy, performed early in pregnancy, induced a sharp decline in @entity4 mRNA expression but a less-marked reduction in @entity5 mRNA levels. PRL treatment reverted the inhibition induced by hypophysectomy in both receptor subtypes. When primary luteinized cells were used to test the effect of PRL, @entity0 @entity8 , and @entity0 @entity7 on the expression of @entity4 and @entity5 mRNA, all these lactogenic hormones stimulated both ER mRNA species in a dose-dependent manner. The regulation of ER mRNA expression was further evaluated in a luteal cell line, termed GG-CL, which apparently expresses only the @entity5 mRNA species. Culture of the GG-CL cells, in the presence of PRL, resulted in a dose-related up-regulation of @entity5 mRNA expression. In addition, PRL treatment enhanced the binding activity of GG-CL cell nuclear proteins to a classical @entity2 response element. Furthermore, in these cells, @entity1 treatment induced a dose-dependent up-regulation of the mRNA encoding @entity6 isoform, a well-known @entity2 target gene in the corpus luteum of the pregnant @entity0 .

title: Differential expression of the XXXX receptors alpha and beta in the @entity0 corpus luteum of pregnancy: regulation by prolactin and placental lactogens.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 , together with PRL and placental lactogens, regulates steroidogenesis and cell @entity3 in the @entity0 corpus luteum of pregnancy. Although binding experiments have demonstrated the presence of @entity2 -binding sites, no evidence exists as to whether the @entity0 corpus luteum of pregnancy expresses the @entity2 receptor (ER) genes. In this investigation, we have analyzed the expression of the two ER genes ( @entity4 and @entity5 ) (by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization) in the @entity0 corpus luteum, studied their developmental changes throughout pregnancy, and investigated the regulation of @entity4 and @entity5 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by PRL and placental lactogens. The RT-PCR studies showed that both ER mRNA species ( @entity4 and @entity5 ) are coexpressed in the @entity0 corpus luteum during pregnancy. Whereas @entity4 mRNA increased from early pregnancy, reached a maximum at midpregnancy, and had a remarkable decline before parturition; @entity5 mRNA remained constant throughout pregnancy, with a significant decline at parturition. Examination of @entity4 and @entity5 mRNA expression at the cellular level, by in situ hybridization, showed @entity4 expressed in both follicles and corpus luteum, with maximal expression at midpregnancy. In parallel with the RT-PCR studies, @entity5 mRNA was similarly expressed throughout pregnancy in the corpus luteum, but it was less abundant when compared with small and growing follicles. Western blot analysis revealed two ER immunoreactive proteins in the nuclear fraction obtained from pregnant @entity0 corpus luteum: a 67-kDa moiety, highly expressed at midpregnancy but barely detectable in early and late gestation; and a 61-kDa form that remained developmentally unchanged. Hypophysectomy, performed early in pregnancy, induced a sharp decline in @entity4 mRNA expression but a less-marked reduction in @entity5 mRNA levels. PRL treatment reverted the inhibition induced by hypophysectomy in both receptor subtypes. When primary luteinized cells were used to test the effect of PRL, @entity0 @entity8 , and @entity0 @entity7 on the expression of @entity4 and @entity5 mRNA, all these lactogenic hormones stimulated both ER mRNA species in a dose-dependent manner. The regulation of ER mRNA expression was further evaluated in a luteal cell line, termed GG-CL, which apparently expresses only the @entity5 mRNA species. Culture of the GG-CL cells, in the presence of PRL, resulted in a dose-related up-regulation of @entity5 mRNA expression. In addition, PRL treatment enhanced the binding activity of GG-CL cell nuclear proteins to a classical @entity2 response element. Furthermore, in these cells, @entity1 treatment induced a dose-dependent up-regulation of the mRNA encoding @entity6 isoform, a well-known @entity2 target gene in the corpus luteum of the pregnant @entity0 .

title: Differential expression of the @entity2 receptors alpha and beta in the XXXX corpus luteum of pregnancy: regulation by prolactin and placental lactogens.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The correlation between the 90kDa heat-shock protein (HSP90) and the developmental competence of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) oocytes following the process of vitrification has not been studied clearly. In the present study, we compare the efficacies of Cryotop (CT) and solid surface vitrification ( @entity0 ) methods for the cryopreservation of immature @entity1 oocytes. @entity1 cumulus oocyte complexes were randomly allocated into three groups: (1) controls, (2) CT vitrification, and (3) @entity0 vitrification. Oocytes were vitrified and in vitro maturated and fertilized. The percentages of nuclear maturation and in vitro development were evaluated. The vitrified-warmed oocytes were evaluated for mRNA and protein expression levels of HSP90 using quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting at various stages: matured oocytes, 2-8cells embryos and blastocysts. No difference was found in the percentages of nuclear maturation, cleavage or blastocyst in the two vitrified groups; however, the rates of maturation were significantly lower than those in the control group. Among the three groups, the maturation rates in CT: 51.14  0.86% and @entity0 : 50.82  1.34% were less than those of the controls: 69.65  1.13%; the cleavage rates in CT: 39.16  1.01% and @entity0 : 39.08  0.92%, were less than those of the controls: 58.14  0.76%; but the blastocysts rates and total cell number in the blastocysts were similar: CT: 32.20  0.73% and 104.6  3.72; @entity0 : 32.35  0.81% and 102.4  1.34; and controls: 34.38  1.32% and 103.8  4.13, respectively. The HSP90 expression level in the matured oocytes and 2-8cell embryos of the control group was significantly higher than that in the two vitrified groups; there was not significant difference in the blastocysts in the three groups. We thus conclude that CT and @entity0 perform equally in the vitrification of immature @entity1 oocytes during the process of cryopreservation, and their influence on oocytes mainly occured from the maturation to cleavage stages. The HSP90 levels in the blastocysts of the vitrified groups increased is associated with the developmental competence of the embryo.

title: Association of heat shock protein 90 with the developmental competence of immature oocytes following Cryotop and solid surface vitrification in XXXX ( @entity1 ).

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The correlation between the 90kDa heat-shock protein (HSP90) and the developmental competence of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) oocytes following the process of vitrification has not been studied clearly. In the present study, we compare the efficacies of Cryotop (CT) and solid surface vitrification ( @entity0 ) methods for the cryopreservation of immature @entity1 oocytes. @entity1 cumulus oocyte complexes were randomly allocated into three groups: (1) controls, (2) CT vitrification, and (3) @entity0 vitrification. Oocytes were vitrified and in vitro maturated and fertilized. The percentages of nuclear maturation and in vitro development were evaluated. The vitrified-warmed oocytes were evaluated for mRNA and protein expression levels of HSP90 using quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting at various stages: matured oocytes, 2-8cells embryos and blastocysts. No difference was found in the percentages of nuclear maturation, cleavage or blastocyst in the two vitrified groups; however, the rates of maturation were significantly lower than those in the control group. Among the three groups, the maturation rates in CT: 51.14  0.86% and @entity0 : 50.82  1.34% were less than those of the controls: 69.65  1.13%; the cleavage rates in CT: 39.16  1.01% and @entity0 : 39.08  0.92%, were less than those of the controls: 58.14  0.76%; but the blastocysts rates and total cell number in the blastocysts were similar: CT: 32.20  0.73% and 104.6  3.72; @entity0 : 32.35  0.81% and 102.4  1.34; and controls: 34.38  1.32% and 103.8  4.13, respectively. The HSP90 expression level in the matured oocytes and 2-8cell embryos of the control group was significantly higher than that in the two vitrified groups; there was not significant difference in the blastocysts in the three groups. We thus conclude that CT and @entity0 perform equally in the vitrification of immature @entity1 oocytes during the process of cryopreservation, and their influence on oocytes mainly occured from the maturation to cleavage stages. The HSP90 levels in the blastocysts of the vitrified groups increased is associated with the developmental competence of the embryo.

title: Association of heat shock protein 90 with the developmental competence of immature oocytes following Cryotop and solid surface vitrification in @entity1 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of the paper is to present the role of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in the treatment of portal @entity1 complications such as @entity2 and persistent @entity3 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between June 1992 and December 2000, 56 @entity0 with portal @entity1 developed in the course of @entity4 were qualified for @entity5 . The indications for @entity5 included esophageal @entity2 , recurrent despite endoscopic treatment (N-40), active esophageal @entity2 in which traditional methods used to stop the @entity2 proved ineffective (N-8) and @entity3 failing to respond to high doses of diuretic agents (N-8). The studied group consisted of 30 females and 26 male @entity0 aged from 17 to 68 (mean age 52 yrs). According to @entity0 -Pugh surgical risk classification, 26 @entity0 belonged to group B, and 30 to group C. RESULTS: In 50 @entity0 (83.5%) an intrahepatic shunt was formed and the stent(s) implanted. In 42 cases (75%), long-lasting patency of the shunt was obtained and esophageal @entity2 was stopped. Active esophageal @entity2 were stopped in all the cases. The remission of @entity3 was obtained in 7 out of 8 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is a non-surgical method relieving portal @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 recurrent despite endoscopic treatment. Very good results were also obtained in the cases with active @entity2 . @entity5 has proved to be an effective method of treatment in the @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Intrahepatic portosystemic shunt in treatment of complications of portal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: It is now recognized that the majority of @entity0 on @entity6 therapy require intravenous (IV) @entity1 supplementation to maximize the response to treatment. Of the IV @entity1 preparations available, @entity1 sucrose has proved its efficacy and safety; however, there are no guidelines or systematic studies examining the optimum safe dosage regimen for this compound. The aim of the present study was to investigate prospectively a variety of dosing regimens for IV @entity1 sucrose in @entity0 with @entity2 to develop treatment strategies for this preparation. A total of 335 @entity1 infusions was administered to 249 @entity0 in this study, which was conducted in four phases. In phase I, 89 @entity0 were administered a dose of 200 mg as an IV infusion over 2 hours. No adverse events were seen. A 500-mg dose by 2-hour infusion was then assessed, but was abandoned after 8 of 22 @entity0 developed reactions characterized by dizziness, @entity4 , and @entity3 . The dose was then reduced to 300 mg by 2-hour infusion for the next 189 @entity0 , and again, no adverse reactions were witnessed. Finally, a 400-mg dose by 2-hour infusion was examined in 35 @entity0 , but 2 @entity0 experienced such symptoms as @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity5 . Both the 200- and 300-mg doses of IV @entity1 sucrose administered over 2 hours appear to be safe. The incidence of adverse events with the 400- and 500-mg doses administered as a 2-hour infusion seems too high to recommend their routine use, although it may be possible to administer these doses over a longer period.

title: Intravenous XXXX sucrose: establishing a safe dose.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To investigate the @entity2 secreting cells (G cells) and the @entity1 secreting cells (D cells) of antral mucosa in @entity0 at the ultrastructural level. METHODS: Revised immunoelectron microscopic technique was used to detect the G cells and D cells in @entity0 antral mucosa through @entity2 and @entity1 antibodies labeled by colloidal gold. Also the relevant quantitative analysis regarding the granular number of colloidal gold in G cells and in D cells was conducted. RESULTS: Immunological granules of colloidal gold were distributed in G cells and D cells. @entity2 labeled golden granules or @entity1 labeled ones presented mainly as lobation-like or island-like congeries. Most of the golden congeries were observed dissociated in cytoplasms of G cells or D cells, near the basement membrane. A few golden congeries were located in nuclei. The number of golden granules in one G cell was around 107.04 +/- 19.68 and was 83.36 +/- 17.58 in one D cell. CONCLUSION: @entity2 secreting granules are located in cytoplasms and nuclei of G cells, and @entity1 secreting granules both in cytoplasms and in nuclei of D cells. The number of golden granules can be quantitatively analyzed to determine the relative amount of @entity2 secreting granules or @entity1 secreting granules.

title: G and D cells in XXXX antral mucosa: an immunoelectron microscopic study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To investigate the incidence and @entity4 after orthotopic liver transplantation. METHODS: From February 1999 to May 2002, orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT) were performed in 72 @entity0 with @entity6 with an average age of 40.2 +/- 13.6 years (ranged from 11 to 68 years), 56 were males and 16 females. The preoperative evaluation for the 72 @entity0 was performed using duplex sonography, abdominal CT scan, and angiography of the hepatic artery. All donor grafts were perfused and preserved in University of Wisconsin solution at 4 degrees. OLT was performed with standard techniques with or without a veno-venous bypass. Reconstructions of hepatic artery were performed between the branch patches of gastroduodenal/hepatic or splenic/common hepatic artery confluence of the donors and recipients, and an end-to-end @entity3 between other arterial vessels of the donors and recipients was done. Arterial @entity3 was performed with interrupted 7-0/8-0 monofilament @entity7 suture under 3.5 x loupe magnification. Diagnosis of the complications of hepatic artery after OLT was based on the clinical presentations, ultrasound findings and arterial angiography. All @entity0 were followed up regularly for duplex ultrasound scan after discharge. RESULTS: The overall incidence of arterial complications in 72 @entity0 after OLTs was 1.4% (1/72). One 3 cm @entity5 at the side of @entity2 was found by urgent arteriogram due to hemoperitoneum secondary to bile leakage after OLT. Subsequently the @entity5 was successfully embolized and the blood flow toward the donor liver in hepatic artery remained. The overall postoperative 30-day mortality rate was 8.33%. The one-year survival rate was 83.72% in 50 @entity0 with benign diseases and was 71.43% in 22 @entity0 with @entity1 following OLT. No death associated with complications of hepatic artery occurred. CONCLUSION: Careful preoperative evaluations and intraoperative microsurgical technique for hepatic artery reconstructions are the keys in prevention of @entity4 after OLT.

title: Incidence and XXXX after orthotopic liver transplantation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: Choledocholithiasis is present in 5 to 10 percent of @entity0 who have @entity2 . In the area of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) and intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy (IOES) have been used to treat @entity1 . The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes and hospital costs of LCBDE with IOES. METHODS: Between November 1999 and October 2002, @entity0 with @entity1 undergoing LC plus LCBDE (Group A, n=45) were retrospectively compared to those undergoing LC plus IOES (Group B, n=57) at a single institution. RESULTS: Ductal stone clearance rates were equivalent for the two groups (88% versus 89%, P=0.436). The conversion rate was higher for Group B (8.8% versus 4.4%, P=0.381), as was the morbidity (12.3% versus 6.7%, P=0.336). There were no other significant differences between the two groups. The complications were mainly related to endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES), and the hospital costs were significantly increased in this subset of Group B (median, 23,910 versus 14,955 RMB yuan, P=0.03). Although hospital stay was longer in Group A (median, 7 versus 6 days, P=0.041), the @entity0 in Group A had a significantly decreased cost of hospitalization compared with those in Group B (median, 11,362 versus 15,466 RMB yuan, P=0.000). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate equivalent ductal stone clearance rates for the two groups. LCBDE management appears safer, and is associated with a significantly decreased hospital cost. The findings suggest LCBDE for @entity1 is a better option.

title: Management of XXXX : comparison between laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and intraoperative endoscopic sphincterotomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of community-based dietary intervention on @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 180 @entity1 individuals with TG>2.26 mmol x L(-1) (200 mg x dL(-1)) and/or TC>5.72 mmol x L(-1) (220 mg x dL(-1)) were selected from 428 eligible subjects in eight communities of Beijing. They were randomly divided into intervention group (n=108) and control group (n=72). Dietary intervention was provided for the intervention group for 6 months. Information on dietary intakes, physical examinations and blood samples was collected. Serum lipids were assayed at baseline and endpoint of the study period. RESULTS: Respective decrease in dietary intake of total calories, fat, @entity0 and cooking oil by 13.62%, 24.75%, 24.40%, and 22.43%, in the intervention group was observed. The percentages of total calories from fat, @entity2 and protein appeared to be desirable after study. Reduced body weight and BMI were also observed. There was a respective 5.61% and 7.06% decrease in total serum @entity0 and low-density lipoprotein @entity0 in the intervention group, while no significant changes were found in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Community-based dietary intervention can effectively improve dietary patterns, control body weight, and decrease the levels of total serum @entity0 and low-density lipoprotein @entity0 .

title: Effects of dietary intervention on XXXX in eight communities of Beijing, China.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) overexpression on the cells' surface is stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines, bacterial endotoxins, reactive @entity1 species and lipid @entity4 . In the serum also the soluble form of @entity5 (sVCAM-1) is present. The beta 1-integrin family molecule VLA-4 ( @entity6 ) is natural ligand for @entity5 . Increased concentrations of sVCAM-1 as well as overexpression of VLA-4 were observed during inflammatory reaction. THE AIM: To study sVCAM-1 serum concentrations and @entity6 + subpopulations of peripheral blood and decidual lymphocytes of the 3rd trimester healthy and preeclamptic @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study groups: n = 21 healthy pregnant @entity0 , n = 33 preeclamptic @entity0 ( @entity3 defined as blood pressure > 140/90 mmHg with @entity2 > 0.3 g/24 h). Clinical states of known pathogenesis which could possibly interfere with values of studied parameters were excluded. Exclusion criteria were also uterine contractions and premature rupture of amniotic membranes. Decidua was collected exclusively during elective caesarean sections. The sVCAM-1 concentration (ng/ml) was estimated using ELISA procedure, while percentage (%) of @entity6 + lymphocytes in the whole blood and homogenized decidual tissue, using flow cytometry. The results were presented as median value with 25% and 75% cut off values. Statistical analysis was performed with U-Mann-Whitney test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Preeclamptic @entity0 presented with increased sVCAM-1 serum concentrations (532.5 (400.0/605.0) ng/ml vs. 387.0 (320.0/416.5) ng/ml, p < 0.0005), increased (%) of @entity6 + peripheral blood (92.0 (88.0/96.0)% vs. 52.9 (47.5/55.8)%, p < 0.0000001) and @entity6 + decidual lymphocytes (88.0 (84.0/90.0)% vs. 80.5 (74.0/85.6)%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Described change suggest that immunological mechanisms similar to inflammatory reaction could be involved in pathogenesis of @entity3 in peripheral blood as well as locally inside maternal-fetal interface.

title: [Serum concentration of soluble XXXX ( @entity5 ) and expression of its receptor VLA-4 on the surface of peripheral blood and decidual lymphocytes of preeclamptic @entity0 ].

answer: @entity5