abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies evaluating @entity3 ( @entity3 ) screening with fecal occult blood testing (FOBT) have reported a significant reduction in mortality from this @entity2 . The study aims to describe the results of the first round of the @entity3 screening program in medium-risk population of Valencia and assessing their feasibility and acceptability. METHODS: @entity3 screening pilot study using biennial FOBT. All residents (106,000 Inhabitants) between 50 and 69 years old (a subgroup of 70-74 years), from 3 selected health departments (04, 07 and 13) were invited by mail to participate. The individuals with FOBT positive were referred to hospital for colonoscopy. The following rates were calculated as indicators of program quality: the participation rate, positive FOBT rate, acceptance rate of colonoscopy, and detection rate of low and high-risk @entity4 and @entity1 , and positive predictive value of FOBT. RESULTS: The participation was 35,231 individuals (35.70%). The number of FOBT positive was 579 (1.64% of total analyzed test), 548 @entity0 agreed colonoscopy (acceptance rate: 94.69%). 61 @entity3 were detected, 61 and 153 High-Risk and Low-Risk @entity4 (rates of 1.77, 1.77 and 4.46% per 1,000 @entity0 ). The positive predictive values for @entity2 , low-risk and high risk @entity4 were 10.95%, 10.95%, and 27.46% respectively. CONCLUSION: The program indicators suggest that a population program of @entity3 is feasible in our community as the process indicators obtained are similar to those given in other programs in Spain and Europe.

title: [Programme of screening for XXXX in the Valencia community, Spain: results of the first round (2005-2008)].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The standard two-species/two-gender lifetime carcinogenicity bioassay protocol is not practical when assessing the possible carcinogenicity of a large number of chemicals. This has led to consideration of reduced @entity1 bioassay protocols (e.g., male @entity3 /female @entity2 ), or to the use of genetically altered rodents that succumb to chemically induced @entity1 in a fraction of their lifespans. Two uncertainties accompany these endeavours. First, that use of reduced protocols may lead to the non-detection of some weak or tissue-specific carcinogens. Second, that genetically altered rodents may be so sensitive to chemical disturbance of homoeostasis that their carcinogen specificity may be low. Such uncertainties lead to the requirement that the modified test protocols should be validated using appropriate carcinogens and @entity4 . Given that several such studies may take place over the coming years it seems appropriate that a common pool of chemicals should be agreed upon for this purpose. To this end a selection of @entity0 carcinogens, and rodent carcinogens/ @entity4 defined by the US National Toxicology Program (NTP), have been collected together. Six categories of chemicals are listed: (1) representative @entity0 carcinogens; (2) representative trans-species genotoxic carcinogens; (3) all two-species @entity4 reported to be negative in the Salmonella mutation assay and lacking structural alerts to electrophilicity; (4) representative single-species/presumed @entity4 ; (5) all two-species @entity4 that are mutagens in the Salmonella mutation assay and which are structurally alerting; (6) all chemicals possessing equivocal evidence of carcinogenicity and which are both structurally alerting and mutagenic to Salmonella. Chemicals in the first four groups provide robust calibrants for determining the sensitivity and specificity of reduced/accelerated rodent carcinogenicity bioassay protocols. Chemicals in the last two groups may be of value when studying the interface between the sensitivity and the specificity of modified rodent carcinogenicity bioassay protocols.

title: Chemicals for evaluating the sensitivity and specificity of reduced/transgenic rodent XXXX bioassay protocols.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 often occurs with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), leading to poor outcomes. This study characterized the acute physiology and subacute behavioral consequences of these additional insults in a model of penetrating @entity7 (PBBI). METHODS: @entity0 were randomly assigned into sham control, @entity5 ( @entity5 ), 5% PBBI alone, 5% PBBI + @entity5 , 10% PBBI alone, and 10% PBBI + @entity5 groups. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and breathing rate were monitored continuously. In the combined injury groups, animals were subjected to 30-minute @entity4 (Pao2, 30-40 mm Hg) and then 30-min @entity5 (mean arterial pressure, 40 mm Hg) followed by fluid resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution after PBBI or sham PBBI. Motor function was assessed using the rotarod task at 7 days and 14 days after injury. Cognitive function was assessed in the Morris water maze task from 13 days to 17 days after injury. RESULTS: Combined @entity5 caused acute @entity6 that was reversed by fluid resuscitation. During @entity4 phase, @entity8 was observed in all @entity5 groups. Persistent bradypnea was detected in 10% PBBI + @entity5 group during the resuscitation phase. PBBI produced significant decrements in motor performance (vs. sham and @entity5 groups). Additional insults significantly worsened @entity1 following 5% PBBI but not 10% PBBI. Both 5% PBBI and 10% PBBI produced significant @entity2 in the Morris water maze task with worsened deficits evident following the more severe injury (i.e., 10% PBBI). Alternatively, @entity0 subjected to 5% PBBI + @entity5 exhibited @entity2 that was significantly worse compared with 5% PBBI alone, whereas this worsening effect was not detected in the 10% PBBI groups. CONCLUSION: This study characterized the physiological responses and neurobehavioral profiles following combined PBBI and @entity5 . Ten percent PBBI produces motor and @entity2 , which may exceed a sensitivity threshold capacity. In contrast, 5% PBBI produces a lower, albeit significant, magnitude of deficits and thus provides a more sensitive screen for evaluating the cumulative effects of additional insults, which were indeed demonstrated to significantly worsen outcome.

title: Combined hypoxemic and hypotensive insults altered physiological responses and neurofunction in a severity-dependent manner following penetrating XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 often occurs with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), leading to poor outcomes. This study characterized the acute physiology and subacute behavioral consequences of these additional insults in a model of penetrating @entity7 (PBBI). METHODS: @entity0 were randomly assigned into sham control, @entity5 ( @entity5 ), 5% PBBI alone, 5% PBBI + @entity5 , 10% PBBI alone, and 10% PBBI + @entity5 groups. Mean arterial pressure, heart rate, and breathing rate were monitored continuously. In the combined injury groups, animals were subjected to 30-minute @entity4 (Pao2, 30-40 mm Hg) and then 30-min @entity5 (mean arterial pressure, 40 mm Hg) followed by fluid resuscitation with lactated Ringer's solution after PBBI or sham PBBI. Motor function was assessed using the rotarod task at 7 days and 14 days after injury. Cognitive function was assessed in the Morris water maze task from 13 days to 17 days after injury. RESULTS: Combined @entity5 caused acute @entity6 that was reversed by fluid resuscitation. During @entity4 phase, @entity8 was observed in all @entity5 groups. Persistent bradypnea was detected in 10% PBBI + @entity5 group during the resuscitation phase. PBBI produced significant decrements in motor performance (vs. sham and @entity5 groups). Additional insults significantly worsened @entity1 following 5% PBBI but not 10% PBBI. Both 5% PBBI and 10% PBBI produced significant @entity2 in the Morris water maze task with worsened deficits evident following the more severe injury (i.e., 10% PBBI). Alternatively, @entity0 subjected to 5% PBBI + @entity5 exhibited @entity2 that was significantly worse compared with 5% PBBI alone, whereas this worsening effect was not detected in the 10% PBBI groups. CONCLUSION: This study characterized the physiological responses and neurobehavioral profiles following combined PBBI and @entity5 . Ten percent PBBI produces motor and @entity2 , which may exceed a sensitivity threshold capacity. In contrast, 5% PBBI produces a lower, albeit significant, magnitude of deficits and thus provides a more sensitive screen for evaluating the cumulative effects of additional insults, which were indeed demonstrated to significantly worsen outcome.

title: Combined hypoxemic and hypotensive insults altered physiological responses and neurofunction in a severity-dependent manner following penetrating @entity7 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 is rare and difficult to diagnose, and the @entity1 has been known as the @entity1 that gives no indication of the need for direct surgery because of its anatomical location. At present, MR imaging is available to detect the @entity1 and its location. We present two @entity0 who underwent direct surgery. Case 1: A 18-year-old female was admitted with @entity2 and @entity4 . MRI showed signs of @entity6 of the aqueduct and a @entity1 of the tectal region. The @entity1 was removed partially. Histological examination of this @entity1 demonstrated a low grade @entity5 . After surgery, @entity7 improved. Case 2: A 12-year-old @entity0 was admitted with @entity7 detected by CT. MRI demonstrated a @entity1 of the midbrain without confirmation. He underwent a V-P shunt for @entity7 , and was discharged without any complaints. After 2 years, he was admitted again with @entity8 . After shunt revision, his consciousness recovered. However, Parinaud's sign appeared and patency of the shunt was unstable. MRI revealed a @entity1 of the tectal region and signs of @entity6 of the aqueduct of Sylvius. The @entity1 was removed directly by the occipital transtentorial approach. The aqueduct was opened and a catheter was inserted from the 3rd to the 4th ventricle. Histological examination revealed a low grade @entity5 . The @entity0 followed a satisfactory postoperative course except for slight Parinaud's sign, and the V-P shunt was no longer necessary.

title: [Two surgical cases of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Interleukin (IL) 2 signaling requires the dimerization of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and common gamma ( @entity10 ) chains. The gamma is also a component of the receptors for @entity4 , @entity7 , and @entity6 . To assess the extent and role of the receptor signal transducing system utilizing the @entity10 chain on @entity0 intestinal epithelial cells, the expression of @entity10 , @entity5 , and receptor chains specific for @entity4 , @entity7 , and @entity6 was assessed by reverse transcription-coupled PCR on @entity0 intestinal epithelial cell lines and on isolated primary @entity0 intestinal epithelial cells. Caco-2, HT-29, and T-84 cells were found to express transcripts for the @entity10 and @entity9 chains constitutively. @entity5 chain expression was demonstrated in Caco-2 and HT-29 but not in T-84 cells. None of the cell lines expressed mRNA for the @entity3 chain. After stimulation with epidermal growth factor for 24 h Caco-2, HT-29, and T-84 cells expressed transcripts for @entity8 . In addition, Caco-2 and HT-29 cells expressed mRNA for the @entity11 . Receptors for @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity7 , and @entity6 on intestinal epithelial cells lines appeared to be functional; stimulation with these cytokines caused rapid @entity1 phosphorylation of proteins. The relevance of the observations in intestinal epithelial cell lines for intestinal epithelial function in vivo was supported by the demonstration of transcripts for @entity10 , @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity8 , and @entity11 in primary @entity0 intestinal epithelial cells.

title: @entity0 intestinal epithelial cells express functional cytokine receptors sharing the common XXXX chain of the interleukin 2 receptor.

answer: @entity10


abstract: Interleukin (IL) 2 signaling requires the dimerization of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and common gamma ( @entity10 ) chains. The gamma is also a component of the receptors for @entity4 , @entity7 , and @entity6 . To assess the extent and role of the receptor signal transducing system utilizing the @entity10 chain on @entity0 intestinal epithelial cells, the expression of @entity10 , @entity5 , and receptor chains specific for @entity4 , @entity7 , and @entity6 was assessed by reverse transcription-coupled PCR on @entity0 intestinal epithelial cell lines and on isolated primary @entity0 intestinal epithelial cells. Caco-2, HT-29, and T-84 cells were found to express transcripts for the @entity10 and @entity9 chains constitutively. @entity5 chain expression was demonstrated in Caco-2 and HT-29 but not in T-84 cells. None of the cell lines expressed mRNA for the @entity3 chain. After stimulation with epidermal growth factor for 24 h Caco-2, HT-29, and T-84 cells expressed transcripts for @entity8 . In addition, Caco-2 and HT-29 cells expressed mRNA for the @entity11 . Receptors for @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity7 , and @entity6 on intestinal epithelial cells lines appeared to be functional; stimulation with these cytokines caused rapid @entity1 phosphorylation of proteins. The relevance of the observations in intestinal epithelial cell lines for intestinal epithelial function in vivo was supported by the demonstration of transcripts for @entity10 , @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity8 , and @entity11 in primary @entity0 intestinal epithelial cells.

title: XXXX intestinal epithelial cells express functional cytokine receptors sharing the common @entity10 chain of the interleukin 2 receptor.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Seventy-eight infectious episodes in 75 @entity1 @entity0 with adequate granulocyte counts were treated with @entity7 . Sixty-six episodes were evaluable. The overall cure rate was 77% (51/66). The response rate in 46 episodes where an organism was identified was 72% (33/46). Gram-positive and Gram-negative @entity3 responded equally with rates of 81% and 80% respectively. @entity2 , @entity5 and @entity4 occurred most frequently and had response rates of 62% (18/29), 90% (9/10) and 91% (10/11) respectively. @entity6 were associated with a poor response--40% (4/10). No serious adverse effects occurred. @entity7 as a single agent was effective therapy for most Gram-positive and Gram-negative @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 with adequate granulocyte counts. @entity6 and Gram-negative @entity2 might require additional agents.

title: XXXX : single agent therapy for @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 with adequate granulocyte counts.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Seventy-eight infectious episodes in 75 @entity1 @entity0 with adequate granulocyte counts were treated with @entity7 . Sixty-six episodes were evaluable. The overall cure rate was 77% (51/66). The response rate in 46 episodes where an organism was identified was 72% (33/46). Gram-positive and Gram-negative @entity3 responded equally with rates of 81% and 80% respectively. @entity2 , @entity5 and @entity4 occurred most frequently and had response rates of 62% (18/29), 90% (9/10) and 91% (10/11) respectively. @entity6 were associated with a poor response--40% (4/10). No serious adverse effects occurred. @entity7 as a single agent was effective therapy for most Gram-positive and Gram-negative @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 with adequate granulocyte counts. @entity6 and Gram-negative @entity2 might require additional agents.

title: @entity7 : single agent therapy for XXXX in @entity1 @entity0 with adequate granulocyte counts.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Seventy-eight infectious episodes in 75 @entity1 @entity0 with adequate granulocyte counts were treated with @entity7 . Sixty-six episodes were evaluable. The overall cure rate was 77% (51/66). The response rate in 46 episodes where an organism was identified was 72% (33/46). Gram-positive and Gram-negative @entity3 responded equally with rates of 81% and 80% respectively. @entity2 , @entity5 and @entity4 occurred most frequently and had response rates of 62% (18/29), 90% (9/10) and 91% (10/11) respectively. @entity6 were associated with a poor response--40% (4/10). No serious adverse effects occurred. @entity7 as a single agent was effective therapy for most Gram-positive and Gram-negative @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 with adequate granulocyte counts. @entity6 and Gram-negative @entity2 might require additional agents.

title: @entity7 : single agent therapy for @entity3 in XXXX @entity0 with adequate granulocyte counts.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Seventy-eight infectious episodes in 75 @entity1 @entity0 with adequate granulocyte counts were treated with @entity7 . Sixty-six episodes were evaluable. The overall cure rate was 77% (51/66). The response rate in 46 episodes where an organism was identified was 72% (33/46). Gram-positive and Gram-negative @entity3 responded equally with rates of 81% and 80% respectively. @entity2 , @entity5 and @entity4 occurred most frequently and had response rates of 62% (18/29), 90% (9/10) and 91% (10/11) respectively. @entity6 were associated with a poor response--40% (4/10). No serious adverse effects occurred. @entity7 as a single agent was effective therapy for most Gram-positive and Gram-negative @entity3 in @entity1 @entity0 with adequate granulocyte counts. @entity6 and Gram-negative @entity2 might require additional agents.

title: @entity7 : single agent therapy for @entity3 in @entity1 XXXX with adequate granulocyte counts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To determine the effect of stress on nursing, and the roles of HPA activity and opioid peptides, nine sows had their piglets removed for 2 h and were treated as follows: (a) control; (b) nose-snare restraint for 20 min; (c) @entity1 injections (i.v. 2 mg/kg); and (d) snare + @entity1 . After the treatment, the piglets were returned, milk ejections were timed, and the sows' blood sampled every 10 min for @entity0 , growth hormone (GH), and prolactin assays. Piglet removal increased @entity0 and decreased prolactin and GH. This was reversed when the piglets were returned. Restraint increased @entity0 and decreased GH, but did not affect prolactin. @entity1 alone increased @entity0 and decreased GH but did not increase the effect of restraint. The rise in GH following the piglets' return was abolished by the combination of restraint and @entity1 . Neither restraint nor @entity1 delayed the latency to first milk ejection or reduced the frequency. No unsuccessful nursings were observed. First milk ejections occurred when @entity0 levels were elevated. Stress-induced activity of the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis does not inhibit milk ejection in the @entity2 , but this is not due to a protective opioid action. Endogenous opioids protect lactogenic hormones against inhibition by stress.

title: Stress and nursing in the XXXX : role of HPA axis and endogenous opioid peptides.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Review of limb @entity3 associated with limb @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical presentation, assessment and management of 25 @entity0 with upper (seven) and lower (18) limb @entity3 associated with limb @entity1 has been retrospectively reviewed. MAIN RESULTS: Five @entity0 presented with life threatening injuries and classic signs of @entity4 , 15 @entity0 had an obvious limb @entity3 , and 5 presented with a suspected limb @entity3 . The site of arterial damage was: superficial femoral (4); popliteal (11); tibioperoneal trunk (3); anterior tibial (4); posterior tibial (3); peroneal (2); axillary (1); brachial (5); radial (4); and ulnar artery (4). The types of arterial repair were: autogenous vein interposition or bypass grafting (17); P.T.F.E. (2); end-to-end @entity2 (14); and ligation (8). The popliteal vein was injured in six cases, repaired in four and ligated in two; the superficial femoral vein was injured in four cases, repaired in three and ligated in one; and the axillary vein was injured in one case and was ligated. Primary nerve repair was employed in six out of seven injured nerves. Skeletal fixation preceded vascular repair in 21 @entity0 and in four a Javid shunt was used. Intraoperative fasciotomy was performed in 12 out of 18 @entity0 with lower limb ischaemia. Completion arteriography revealed residual thrombi in the distal foot of four @entity0 , in whom intraarterial thrombolysis was effective. During the follow-up period of 1.5 to 2 years, the upper and lower limb preservation rate was 100 and 89%, respectively. The upper limb function was judged excellent in five @entity0 , good in one and fair in one. In the lower limbs it was excellent in 11 @entity0 , good in three, fair in one and poor in one. CONCLUSIONS: To ensure life and functional limb salvage of @entity0 with devastating @entity3 , a well organised multidisciplinary approach is necessary.

title: Limb @entity3 associated with limb XXXX : clinical presentation, assessment and management.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Review of limb @entity3 associated with limb @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: University Hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical presentation, assessment and management of 25 @entity0 with upper (seven) and lower (18) limb @entity3 associated with limb @entity1 has been retrospectively reviewed. MAIN RESULTS: Five @entity0 presented with life threatening injuries and classic signs of @entity4 , 15 @entity0 had an obvious limb @entity3 , and 5 presented with a suspected limb @entity3 . The site of arterial damage was: superficial femoral (4); popliteal (11); tibioperoneal trunk (3); anterior tibial (4); posterior tibial (3); peroneal (2); axillary (1); brachial (5); radial (4); and ulnar artery (4). The types of arterial repair were: autogenous vein interposition or bypass grafting (17); P.T.F.E. (2); end-to-end @entity2 (14); and ligation (8). The popliteal vein was injured in six cases, repaired in four and ligated in two; the superficial femoral vein was injured in four cases, repaired in three and ligated in one; and the axillary vein was injured in one case and was ligated. Primary nerve repair was employed in six out of seven injured nerves. Skeletal fixation preceded vascular repair in 21 @entity0 and in four a Javid shunt was used. Intraoperative fasciotomy was performed in 12 out of 18 @entity0 with lower limb ischaemia. Completion arteriography revealed residual thrombi in the distal foot of four @entity0 , in whom intraarterial thrombolysis was effective. During the follow-up period of 1.5 to 2 years, the upper and lower limb preservation rate was 100 and 89%, respectively. The upper limb function was judged excellent in five @entity0 , good in one and fair in one. In the lower limbs it was excellent in 11 @entity0 , good in three, fair in one and poor in one. CONCLUSIONS: To ensure life and functional limb salvage of @entity0 with devastating @entity3 , a well organised multidisciplinary approach is necessary.

title: Limb XXXX associated with limb @entity1 : clinical presentation, assessment and management.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the optimal management of adjuvant @entity8 therapy for @entity1 , encompassing the details of dose reduction and treatment schedule modification. METHODS: We retrospectively examined 97 @entity0 with @entity1 who received @entity8 chemotherapy following gastrectomy between January 2003 and December 2007. @entity8 (80 mg/m   per day) was orally administered twice daily for 4 weeks, followed by a 2-week rest. As a rule, treatment was continued for 1 year after gastrectomy. Dose reduction or treatment schedule modification was performed according to @entity2 profiles. RESULTS: Among the 97 @entity0 , 57 (59%) underwent dose reduction at least once and 39 (40%) received treatment schedule modification. Of the 57 @entity0 who required dose reduction, 45 (79%) underwent reduction within 3 months of the beginning of treatment. The most common reasons for dose reduction were @entity4 (47%), followed by @entity3 (32%), @entity6 (24%), and @entity7 (16%), with the reasons overlapping. Although the difference in the requirement for dose reduction was not significant, @entity0 with a low @entity5 clearance level or those who underwent total gastrectomy had a greater tendency to require dose reduction. The duration of the @entity8 treatment period was at least 3 months in 88% of the @entity0 , at least 6 months in 82%, and the planned 1-year period in 73% of the @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: In most @entity0 , the planned 1-year adjuvant @entity8 therapy for @entity1 could be completed by modifying the dose reduction and treatment schedule.

title: Management of adjuvant XXXX therapy after curative resection of gastric cancer: dose reduction and treatment schedule modification.

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity4 is common and may cause @entity2 . Previous studies showed that administration of neurotrophic factors (NTFs), naturally occurring proteins that support the development and survival of neurons, preserved and protected damaged motor neuron in the injured sciatic nerve. We have been successful in converting bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells into astrocyte-like cells that produce and secrete NTFs (NTF(+) cells). These cells demonstrate typical astrocyte morphology, express characteristic astrocyte markers and secrete high levels of NTFs. We have already shown that these cells and their conditioned media can protect neurons in culture and in animal models of @entity3 . In the current study we examined whether NTF(+) cells are capable of rescuing motor neurons in a @entity1 @entity4 model, where the right hind limb sciatic nerve was crushed. @entity1 were transplanted with NTF(+) cells, MSCs or PBS into the lesion site. In @entity1 injected with the NTF(+) cells motor function was markedly preserved. Moreover, NTF(+) cells significantly inhibited the degeneration of the neuromuscular junctions and preserved the myelinated motor axons. Our findings suggest that autologous therapeutic approach can alleviate signs of @entity4 and probably other @entity0 .

title: Differentiated mesenchymal stem cells for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 is a widespread parasite of animals that causes @entity2 in @entity0 . Previous studies have revealed a strongly clonal population structure in North America and Europe, while strains from South America are genetically separate and more diverse. However, the composition within North America has been questioned by recent descriptions of genetically more variable strains from this region. Here, we examined an expanded set of isolates using sequenced-based phylogenetic and population analyses to re-evaluate the population structure of @entity3 in North America. Our findings reveal that isolates previously defined by atypical restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns fall into two discrete groups. In one case, these new isolates represent variants of an existing lineage, from which they differ only by minor mutational drift. However, in the second case, it is evident that these isolates define a completely new lineage that is common in North America. Support for this new lineage was based on phylogeny, principle components analysis, STRUCTURE analyses, and statistical analysis of gene flow between groups. This new group, referred to as haplogroup 12, contains divergent genotypes previously referred to as A and X, isolated from @entity4 . Consistent with this, group 12 was found primarily in wild animals, as well as occasionally in @entity0 . This new lineage also has a highly clonal population structure. Analysis of the inheritance of multilocus genotypes revealed that different strains within group 12 are the products of a single recombination event between type 2 and a unique parental lineage. Collectively, the @entity1 has been associated with clonal expansion of a small number of lineages in the North, as a consequence of separate but infrequent genetic crosses with several different parental lines.

title: Genetic analyses of atypical XXXX strains reveal a fourth clonal lineage in North America.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: Oncologic surgery is recommended after endoscopic resection of submucosal invasive T1 @entity3 if @entity0 are considered to be at high risk for @entity2 recurrence or @entity1 . However, there are sparse data on the outcome of high-risk @entity0 treated only by endoscopy. METHODS: Data were collected from 474 @entity0 who underwent endoscopic resection for T1 @entity3 from 1974-2002 at Neuperlach Hospital in Munich, Germany. @entity0 files were reviewed, and @entity0 or referring physicians were contacted to assess outcomes during a follow-up period of at least 24 months (n = 390). Histopathology and endoscopy factors associated with an unfavorable outcome (local recurrence of @entity2 , @entity1 , or @entity4 from @entity3 ) were assessed. RESULTS: Of the 390 @entity0 followed, 141 received oncologic surgery, and 249 did not; overall, 10% had an unfavorable outcome (39/390). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that lymphatic vessel infiltration, poor grading of @entity2 stage, and incomplete endoscopic resection were risk factors for unfavorable outcomes (odds ratios, 7.8, 3.4, and 2.6, respectively). If these risk factors were applied to @entity0 who did not receive oncologic surgery, negative predictive values for an unfavorable outcome were 94.6% for lymphatic vessel infiltration, 94.2% for poor grading of @entity2 stage, and 96.5% for incomplete endoscopic resection; positive predictive values were 44.4%, 42.9%, and 19.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Tumor infiltration of lymphatic vessels is the greatest risk factor for an unfavorable outcome after endoscopic resection for @entity3 . However, its positive predictive value is low. The decision to perform surgery after endoscopic resection of T1 @entity3 should be made on the basis of specific features of each @entity0 .

title: Risk factors for unfavorable outcomes after endoscopic removal of submucosal invasive XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We examined the effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on the activation of @entity6 -hydrolyzing phospholipase D in osteoblast-like @entity0 cells. PDGF-BB stimulated both the formation of @entity5 (EC50 = 15 ng/ml) and @entity10 (EC50 = 5 ng/ml). However, PDGF-BB had little effect on the formation of @entity7 . The formation of @entity5 stimulated by a combination of PDGF-BB and @entity4 , a @entity9 ( @entity9 )-activating @entity8 , was additive. H-7, an inhibitor of protein kinases, inhibited @entity4 -induced @entity5 formation, whereas @entity12 , a control for H-7 as @entity9 inhibitor, had little effect. Neither H-7 nor @entity12 affected the PDGF-BB-induced formation of @entity5 . @entity3 and @entity11 , inhibitors of protein @entity2 kinases, dose dependently inhibited the PDGF-BB-induced formation of @entity5 . PDGF-BB stimulated @entity1 influx from extracellular space. PDGF-BB-induced @entity5 formation was significantly reduced by chelating extracellular @entity1 with EGTA. PDGF-BB stimulated DNA synthesis of MC3YT @entity0 cells, and H-7 inhibited the DNA synthesis. These results strongly suggest that PDGF activates @entity13 - @entity5 -hydrolyzing phospholipase D independently from @entity9 activated by phosphoinositide hydrolysis in osteoblast-like cells, and that both @entity2 kinase activation and @entity1 influx are essential for this mechanism.

title: Effect of platelet-derived growth factor on XXXX -hydrolyzing phospholipase D in osteoblast-like cells.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: The evolution of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is difficult to predict, and ERCP may be helpful in diagnosing its complications and treating them. Few descriptions of cholangiographic findings during the course of the disease have yet appeared. We report here on our experience in the management and follow-up by ERCP of six @entity0 with deteriorating @entity5 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Between 1981 and 1992, @entity5 was diagnosed in 18 @entity0 . Clinical, biochemical, and cholangiographic findings were recorded during the follow-up period. An initial group of 12 @entity0 had a good clinical and biochemical course (mean 56 months) and did not require systematic control ERCPs. A second group of six @entity0 , showing cholangiographic features similar to those of the first group at presentation, developed clinical and biochemical deterioration within a mean period of 43 months (range 6-96). RESULTS: These six @entity0 had a significant elevation of serum @entity4 and at ERCP showed worsening bile duct lesions, with marked strictures and a subsequent increase in the maximum duct diameter in both the extrahepatic and intrahepatic ducts compared to the initial ERCPs. In two of these six @entity0 , the strictures were due to a superimposed @entity2 . Endoscopic drainage was unsuccessful, transplantation impracticable due to extrahepatic spread, and both @entity0 died three and five months, respectively, after diagnosis of @entity2 . By contrast, four @entity0 with dominant extrahepatic duct involvement benefited from endoscopic procedures (mean follow-up 19 months) without any recurrence of @entity3 and without requiring long-term antimicrobial treatment. The follow-up checks included regular ERCPs performed every six months for duct and stent assessment, and cytology brushing. CONCLUSIONS: Since there are no effective means of early and accurate detection of @entity2 , the use of ERCP to compare the course of @entity1 over time may be of interest. @entity0 with extrahepatic duct involvement may benefit from endoscopic therapy. By contrast, in @entity0 with dominant intrahepatic duct disease and a deteriorating clinical status, attempts at endoscopic therapy are not helpful, and liver transplantation needs to be considered promptly.

title: Cholangiographic findings in deteriorating XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is no consensus on the best management of adults with presumed @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Studies have suggested uncertainty and @entity2 associated with a wait and see approach contribute to reduced quality of life. This study aims to explore the impact of a diagnosis of @entity1 , to address concerns regarding the uncertainty of the diagnosis and the role of wait and see from the @entity0 's perspective. METHODS: Qualitative research methodology was used. A semi-structured interview was conducted with 24 @entity0 with imaging evidence of @entity1 but no prior intervention. All @entity0 had been followed for at least one year prior to interview. Verbatim transcripts were subjected to thematic analysis. RESULTS: The median age of @entity0 was 47 (range 21-82) and the median duration of follow-up 37 months (range 12-156 months). Fifty percent presented with @entity3 . Five overarching themes emerged from the data; 1) @entity0 experience initial devastation followed by acceptance and low @entity2 ; 2) absence of symptoms mitigates @entity2 concerning the possibility of progression; 3) @entity0 would prefer to defer surgery until there is progression or a change in their quality of life; 4) @entity2 is reduced by trust in the physician; 5) quality of life is not affected by the diagnosis, as fear of morbidity from intervention is greater than the fear of uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS: The wait and see approach does not contribute to @entity2 or reduction in quality of life in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: XXXX : a qualitative study of the wait and see approach.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postmortem-derived findings support the common beliefs that lipid-rich coronary plaques with a thin, fibrous cap are prone to @entity3 and that @entity3 and superimposed @entity4 are the primary mechanisms causing @entity6 . In vivo imaging with intracoronary techniques may disclose differences in the characterization of @entity5 in @entity0 with stable or @entity7 and thus may provide clues to which plaques may @entity3 and whether @entity3 and @entity4 are active. METHODS AND RESULTS: We assessed the characteristics of the @entity1 -related lesions with coronary angiography and intracoronary angioscopy and determined their compositions with intracoronary ultrasound in 44 @entity0 with unstable and 23 @entity0 with @entity8 . The angiographic images were classified as noncomplex (smooth borders) or complex (irregular borders, @entity2 , @entity4 ). Angioscopic images were classified as either stable (smooth surface) or @entity4 (red @entity4 ). The ultrasound characteristics of the lesion were classified as poorly echo-reflective, highly echo-reflective with shadowing, or highly echo-reflective without shadowing. There was a poor correlation between clinical status and angiographic findings. An @entity2 (n = 33) was concordant with @entity7 in 55% (24 of 44); a noncomplex lesion (n = 34) was concordant with @entity8 in 61% (14 of 23). There was a good correlation between clinical status and angioscopic findings. An angioscopic @entity9 (n = 34) was concordant with @entity7 in 68% (30 of 44); a stable lesion (n = 33) was concordant with @entity8 in 83% (19 of 23). The ultrasound-obtained composition of the plaque was similar in @entity0 with unstable and @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: Angiography discriminates poorly between lesions in stable and @entity7 . Angioscopy demonstrated that @entity3 and @entity4 were present in 17% of @entity8 and 68% of @entity7 @entity0 . Currently available ultrasound technology does not discriminate stable from unstable plaques.

title: XXXX -related lesion characteristics in @entity0 with stable or @entity7 . A study with intracoronary angioscopy and ultrasound.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postmortem-derived findings support the common beliefs that lipid-rich coronary plaques with a thin, fibrous cap are prone to @entity3 and that @entity3 and superimposed @entity4 are the primary mechanisms causing @entity6 . In vivo imaging with intracoronary techniques may disclose differences in the characterization of @entity5 in @entity0 with stable or @entity7 and thus may provide clues to which plaques may @entity3 and whether @entity3 and @entity4 are active. METHODS AND RESULTS: We assessed the characteristics of the @entity1 -related lesions with coronary angiography and intracoronary angioscopy and determined their compositions with intracoronary ultrasound in 44 @entity0 with unstable and 23 @entity0 with @entity8 . The angiographic images were classified as noncomplex (smooth borders) or complex (irregular borders, @entity2 , @entity4 ). Angioscopic images were classified as either stable (smooth surface) or @entity4 (red @entity4 ). The ultrasound characteristics of the lesion were classified as poorly echo-reflective, highly echo-reflective with shadowing, or highly echo-reflective without shadowing. There was a poor correlation between clinical status and angiographic findings. An @entity2 (n = 33) was concordant with @entity7 in 55% (24 of 44); a noncomplex lesion (n = 34) was concordant with @entity8 in 61% (14 of 23). There was a good correlation between clinical status and angioscopic findings. An angioscopic @entity9 (n = 34) was concordant with @entity7 in 68% (30 of 44); a stable lesion (n = 33) was concordant with @entity8 in 83% (19 of 23). The ultrasound-obtained composition of the plaque was similar in @entity0 with unstable and @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: Angiography discriminates poorly between lesions in stable and @entity7 . Angioscopy demonstrated that @entity3 and @entity4 were present in 17% of @entity8 and 68% of @entity7 @entity0 . Currently available ultrasound technology does not discriminate stable from unstable plaques.

title: @entity1 -related lesion characteristics in @entity0 with stable or XXXX . A study with intracoronary angioscopy and ultrasound.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postmortem-derived findings support the common beliefs that lipid-rich coronary plaques with a thin, fibrous cap are prone to @entity3 and that @entity3 and superimposed @entity4 are the primary mechanisms causing @entity6 . In vivo imaging with intracoronary techniques may disclose differences in the characterization of @entity5 in @entity0 with stable or @entity7 and thus may provide clues to which plaques may @entity3 and whether @entity3 and @entity4 are active. METHODS AND RESULTS: We assessed the characteristics of the @entity1 -related lesions with coronary angiography and intracoronary angioscopy and determined their compositions with intracoronary ultrasound in 44 @entity0 with unstable and 23 @entity0 with @entity8 . The angiographic images were classified as noncomplex (smooth borders) or complex (irregular borders, @entity2 , @entity4 ). Angioscopic images were classified as either stable (smooth surface) or @entity4 (red @entity4 ). The ultrasound characteristics of the lesion were classified as poorly echo-reflective, highly echo-reflective with shadowing, or highly echo-reflective without shadowing. There was a poor correlation between clinical status and angiographic findings. An @entity2 (n = 33) was concordant with @entity7 in 55% (24 of 44); a noncomplex lesion (n = 34) was concordant with @entity8 in 61% (14 of 23). There was a good correlation between clinical status and angioscopic findings. An angioscopic @entity9 (n = 34) was concordant with @entity7 in 68% (30 of 44); a stable lesion (n = 33) was concordant with @entity8 in 83% (19 of 23). The ultrasound-obtained composition of the plaque was similar in @entity0 with unstable and @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: Angiography discriminates poorly between lesions in stable and @entity7 . Angioscopy demonstrated that @entity3 and @entity4 were present in 17% of @entity8 and 68% of @entity7 @entity0 . Currently available ultrasound technology does not discriminate stable from unstable plaques.

title: @entity1 -related lesion characteristics in XXXX with stable or @entity7 . A study with intracoronary angioscopy and ultrasound.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Three cases of diffuse @entity3 were reported: case 1, a 24-year-old female, case 2, an 18-year-old male and case 3, a 61-year-old male. Their prominent features were reduced extensibility of the muscle and/or fascia. Skin was taut and bound underneath in cases 1 and 3, and focal @entity0 was noted in the left forearm of case 2. Firmness of the muscle and/or fascia was dominantly seen in four extremities in case 1, proximal limbs in case 2 and in the trunk and proximal limbs in case 3. Muscle weakness was not seen in case 1, slight in the limbs of case 2 and moderate in the proximal limbs of case 3. Transient @entity2 was observed in case 1. IgG was elevated in all 3 cases and IgM in cases 1 and 3. Antinuclear antibody was positive in case 1 and 2, and anti-ENA antibody in case 3. Remarkable thickening of the fascia and perivascular mononuclear cell infiltration in the fascia were main pathological features in all three cases. Inflammatory alteration of the muscle was modest and limited to the perifascicular and epimysial sites underneath the fascia. In these 3 cases, a diagnosis of @entity4 or diffuse @entity3 with @entity2 was made, although eosinophils were scarce in the fascia or muscle tissue. All 3 cases well responded to the oral @entity1 . Mononuclear cells clustered mainly in the perivascular sites, comprising mostly T cells, helper T cells, and partly B cells. These findings suggest that helper T cell mediated immune mechanism may play a pathogenetic role in this disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Immunohistochemical studies on pathogenetic features of diffuse XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: We report on an 18-year-old @entity0 with secondary generalized @entity2 , who developed an auditory disturbance (flat a tone) after @entity4 ( @entity5 ) administration. She used to have brief episodes of conjugate deviation of the eyes to the right, @entity1 , teleopsia, and @entity3 since 16 years of age. At the age of 18 years, she developed a @entity2 during sleep, and was placed on @entity5 400 mg/day. Immediately after taking the medication, she developed auditory disturbance while she played the musical instruments: she felt as if she played the musical note almost a half tone lower. On admission, neurological examinations and magnetic resonance images of the brain were normal. Electroencephalogram at rest was normal. However, intravenous @entity6 injection induced spikes in the left temporo-occipital region, followed by diffuse spike and wave complex. Although the serum @entity5 level was reduced to the therapeutic level by lowering @entity5 administration from 200 to 150 mg/day, she continued to have the same auditory disturbance. When @entity5 administration was discontinued, the symptoms also disappeared. It remains unknown whether such a subtle side effect of @entity5 is a common thing, or it can be recognized only by @entity0 who are well trained in music.

title: [Auditory disturbance induced by @entity4 administration in a @entity0 with secondary generalized XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: We report on an 18-year-old @entity0 with secondary generalized @entity2 , who developed an auditory disturbance (flat a tone) after @entity4 ( @entity5 ) administration. She used to have brief episodes of conjugate deviation of the eyes to the right, @entity1 , teleopsia, and @entity3 since 16 years of age. At the age of 18 years, she developed a @entity2 during sleep, and was placed on @entity5 400 mg/day. Immediately after taking the medication, she developed auditory disturbance while she played the musical instruments: she felt as if she played the musical note almost a half tone lower. On admission, neurological examinations and magnetic resonance images of the brain were normal. Electroencephalogram at rest was normal. However, intravenous @entity6 injection induced spikes in the left temporo-occipital region, followed by diffuse spike and wave complex. Although the serum @entity5 level was reduced to the therapeutic level by lowering @entity5 administration from 200 to 150 mg/day, she continued to have the same auditory disturbance. When @entity5 administration was discontinued, the symptoms also disappeared. It remains unknown whether such a subtle side effect of @entity5 is a common thing, or it can be recognized only by @entity0 who are well trained in music.

title: [Auditory disturbance induced by XXXX administration in a @entity0 with secondary generalized @entity2 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: We report on an 18-year-old @entity0 with secondary generalized @entity2 , who developed an auditory disturbance (flat a tone) after @entity4 ( @entity5 ) administration. She used to have brief episodes of conjugate deviation of the eyes to the right, @entity1 , teleopsia, and @entity3 since 16 years of age. At the age of 18 years, she developed a @entity2 during sleep, and was placed on @entity5 400 mg/day. Immediately after taking the medication, she developed auditory disturbance while she played the musical instruments: she felt as if she played the musical note almost a half tone lower. On admission, neurological examinations and magnetic resonance images of the brain were normal. Electroencephalogram at rest was normal. However, intravenous @entity6 injection induced spikes in the left temporo-occipital region, followed by diffuse spike and wave complex. Although the serum @entity5 level was reduced to the therapeutic level by lowering @entity5 administration from 200 to 150 mg/day, she continued to have the same auditory disturbance. When @entity5 administration was discontinued, the symptoms also disappeared. It remains unknown whether such a subtle side effect of @entity5 is a common thing, or it can be recognized only by @entity0 who are well trained in music.

title: [Auditory disturbance induced by @entity4 administration in a XXXX with secondary generalized @entity2 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The goals of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity4 management are to alleviate @entity0 symptoms, improve @entity0 quality of life, and minimize the morbidity associated with @entity5 and @entity6 . @entity4 management usually commences with drugs to slow the ventricular rate. The addition of class I or class III antiarrhythmic drugs for restoration or maintenance of sinus rhythm is largely determined by @entity0 symptoms and preferences. For rate control, treatment of persistent or permanent @entity5 and @entity6 should aim for a resting heart rate of <100 beats per minute. Beta-blockers or nondihydropyridine @entity2 channel blockers are the initial therapy for rate control of @entity5 and @entity6 in most @entity0 without a history of @entity3 or @entity7 . Digoxin is not recommended as monotherapy for rate control in active @entity0 . Digoxin and @entity12 may be used in combination with other agents to optimize rate control. The first-choice antiarrhythmic drug for maintenance of sinus rhythm in @entity0 with non structural @entity1 can be any one of @entity12 , @entity11 , @entity10 , or @entity9 . In @entity0 with abnormal ventricular function but left ventricular ejection fraction >35%, @entity12 , @entity9 , or @entity8 is recommended. In @entity0 with left ventricular ejection fraction <35%, @entity8 is the only drug usually recommended. Intermittent antiarrhythmic drug therapy ("pill in the pocket") may be considered in symptomatic @entity0 with infrequent, longer-lasting episodes of @entity5 or @entity6 as an alternative to daily antiarrhythmic therapy. Referral for ablation of @entity5 may be considered for @entity0 who remain symptomatic after adequate trials of antiarrhythmic drug therapy and in whom a rhythm control strategy remains desired.

title: Canadian Cardiovascular Society XXXX guidelines 2010: rate and rhythm management.

answer: @entity5


abstract: A G protein-coupled @entity0 -sensing receptor was recently cloned from @entity1 parathyroid and shown to mediate divalent cation regulation of @entity2 secretion. To define which G proteins might be coupled to the @entity0 -sensing receptor in parathyroid cells, we determined which G protein alpha-subunit messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are expressed in the parathyroid. We also considered the possibility that a novel parathyroid-specific G alpha might be present. We, therefore, used the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction to study the expression of G alpha subunits in a @entity1 parathyroid mRNA preparation. Degenerate primers, corresponding to two regions conserved in every G alpha subunit, the G3 and G4 sequences, were used to amplify G alpha complementary DNA fragments that were subcloned and sequenced. We found that mRNAs corresponding to G alpha s, G alpha i2, @entity3 , G alpha 12, and G alpha z are the predominant G alpha mRNAs expressed in the @entity1 parathyroid. No novel G alpha mRNA was identified. Northern blots confirmed the expression of the cloned G alpha subunits and showed lower expression of G alpha o and G alpha i1 mRNAs. Immunoblots confirmed abundant expression of G alpha s, G alpha i2, and @entity3 and provided evidence for expression of G alpha i1 and G alpha i3, but not G alpha o. G alpha q mRNA was not identified by the degenerate primer reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction strategy, but the immunoblot detected G alpha q protein, albeit at considerably lower levels than @entity3 . The abundance of @entity3 relative to G alpha q in @entity1 parathyroid is consistent with but does not prove a role for @entity3 in coupling the @entity0 -sensing receptor to phospholipase C.

title: Expression of G protein alpha-subunits in XXXX parathyroid.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have recently reported that the @entity0 complementary DNA (cDNA), @entity2 , encodes a selenoprotein that is a 5-deiodinase (5D). @entity2 represents a gene that is up-regulated by thyroid hormone in this species. We now report the isolation from a Rana catesbeiana (RC) cDNA library of a cDNA for the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity3 a 1534-base pair cDNA that exhibits 78% identity to @entity2 in the coding region, including the TGA codon, which in @entity2 encodes @entity1 , and a putative @entity1 insertion sequence (SECIS) located in the 3'-untranslated region. Transcripts of @entity3 , synthesized in vitro, induce 5D activity after their injection into @entity0 oocytes. @entity3 hybridizes to a 2.2-kilobase messenger RNA (mRNA) species in RC tissues. The expression of @entity3 was studied in 10 tissues from untreated and T3-treated premetamorphic tadpoles. @entity3 mRNA transcripts and 5D activity were detected in most tissues examined, and the levels of both were greatly increased in T3-stimulated tadpoles. Furthermore, the levels of @entity3 mRNA transcripts correlated closely with 5D, but not with 5'-deiodinase (5'D), activity. 5'D was not enhanced by a 4-day exposure of the tadpoles to T3. The up-regulation of @entity3 gene expression by T3 was demonstrable in tadpoles by stage V, but was found to be transient. The levels of @entity3 transcripts and 5D activity were highest after 2-3 days and 5 days of T3 exposure, respectively, but had fallen by 10 days to levels comparable to those in unexposed tadpoles. It is concluded that @entity3 encodes a selenoprotein that is a 5D, and it represents a gene that is up-regulated by T3. On the basis of the findings presented herein, it is suggested that the 5D system plays a major role in regulating intracellular T3 levels in developing tadpoles.

title: The XXXX in Rana catesbeiana tadpoles is encoded by a thyroid hormone-responsive gene.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We found low T3 concentrations in @entity0 brown adipocytes differentiated in vitro. This might be due to the high metabolic rate of T3, possibly caused by elevated type III @entity2 5-deiodinase activity ( @entity3 ), induced by serum growth factors. We tested the ability of several growth factors to induce @entity3 activity. Epidermal growth factor and basic and acidic fibroblast growth factors produced a strong induction of @entity3 activity (25, 45-, and 50-fold, respectively). This process required gene transcription and de novo protein synthesis. The half-life of @entity3 was approximately 3 h. Heparin was required for full acidic fibroblast growth factor activity. Platelet-derived growth factor, vasopressin, and insulin-like growth factor-I induced lower @entity3 activities (3- to 6-fold). Vasopressin amplified @entity1 and epidermal growth factor inductions when used at submaximal doses. We found a Km of 22.5 nM using T3 as substrate. Although brown adipose tissue has undetectable @entity3 activities in vivo, the present data explain the low T3 concentrations found in cultured @entity0 brown adipocytes and suggest that growth factors, by stimulating @entity3 , may lead to low T3 concentrations and indirectly inhibit the expression of some genes regulated by T3, e.g. the @entity0 uncoupling protein.

title: Presence of growth factors-induced type III XXXX 5-deiodinase in cultured @entity0 brown adipocytes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We found low T3 concentrations in @entity0 brown adipocytes differentiated in vitro. This might be due to the high metabolic rate of T3, possibly caused by elevated type III @entity2 5-deiodinase activity ( @entity3 ), induced by serum growth factors. We tested the ability of several growth factors to induce @entity3 activity. Epidermal growth factor and basic and acidic fibroblast growth factors produced a strong induction of @entity3 activity (25, 45-, and 50-fold, respectively). This process required gene transcription and de novo protein synthesis. The half-life of @entity3 was approximately 3 h. Heparin was required for full acidic fibroblast growth factor activity. Platelet-derived growth factor, vasopressin, and insulin-like growth factor-I induced lower @entity3 activities (3- to 6-fold). Vasopressin amplified @entity1 and epidermal growth factor inductions when used at submaximal doses. We found a Km of 22.5 nM using T3 as substrate. Although brown adipose tissue has undetectable @entity3 activities in vivo, the present data explain the low T3 concentrations found in cultured @entity0 brown adipocytes and suggest that growth factors, by stimulating @entity3 , may lead to low T3 concentrations and indirectly inhibit the expression of some genes regulated by T3, e.g. the @entity0 uncoupling protein.

title: Presence of growth factors-induced type III @entity2 5-deiodinase in cultured XXXX brown adipocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Polyaxial angle-stable plating is thought to be particularly beneficial in the management of @entity3 of the distal radius. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the technique provides stability to match that of conventional (fixed-angle) angle-stable constructs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In seven pairs of @entity0 cadaver radii, an Arbeitsgemeinschaft f  r Osteosynthese (AO) 23 @entity4 intra-articular @entity1 was created. One radius of each pair received a juxta-articular 2.4-mm @entity2 ( @entity2 ) Volar Distal Radius Plate, whilst the contralateral one received a 2.4-mm Variable Angle @entity2 ( @entity2 ) Two-Column Volar Distal Radius Plate (both plates: Synthes, Oberdorf, Switzerland). Parameters tested were construct stiffness (static axial loading with 150 N), range of motion and secondary loss of reduction (dynamic 150 N axial loading over 5000 cycles). Stiffness and range of motion were measured both pre- and post-cycling. RESULTS: The polyaxial constructs were significantly stiffer, both before and after cyclic testing. However, the two-column plates showed a significant loss of stiffness during cyclic testing. The range of motion was significantly greater, both initially and at the end of cyclic testing, in the fixed-angle constructs. The conventional constructs had significantly greater secondary loss of reduction. CONCLUSION: The polyaxial two-column plate tested in this study provides a biomechanically sound construct for the management of @entity3 of the distal radius.

title: Evaluation of a polyaxial angle-stable volar plate in a distal radius C- XXXX model--a biomechanical study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have analysed the relationship between @entity1 and alexithymia with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and its impact on quality of life and @entity3 control. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of @entity2 in @entity3 , its impact on quality of life and @entity3 control and its relationship with @entity1 and alexithymia. @entity0 AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 264 @entity4 @entity0 and 111 controls. Both groups completed the following questionnaires: quality of life (AQLQ), alexithymia (TAS-20), @entity1 (STAI) and @entity5 (Nijmegen). In asthmatics were evaluated: @entity3 severity, dyspnoea, exacerbation and control of the disease (ACT test). RESULTS: 38% of asthmatics and 5.5% of non-asthmatics had @entity5 . Asthmatics had more @entity1 and were more alexithymic. Asthmatics with @entity5 had significantly more @entity1 , more alexithymia, poor control of @entity3 , more exacerbations and poorer quality of life, that @entity3 without @entity2 . Asthmatics with an ACT<19, a score >3 in the emotion subscale of the AQLQ, who were being treated for @entity1 and scored >19 on the alexithymia subscale that assesses difficulty in identifying emotions, showed ORs for @entity5 of 2.6 (1.1-5.9), 6.8 (2.9-15.8), 4.4 (1.9-9.8) and 3.3 (1.5-7), respectively. A predictive model of @entity5 was constructed. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the close relationship between @entity1 , alexithymia and @entity2 in asthmatics, as well as the significant impact of @entity5 on the control and quality of life of this asthmatics.

title: Psychological profile of @entity0 with XXXX : a comparison with a non- @entity4 population and impact on the disease.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have analysed the relationship between @entity1 and alexithymia with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and its impact on quality of life and @entity3 control. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of @entity2 in @entity3 , its impact on quality of life and @entity3 control and its relationship with @entity1 and alexithymia. @entity0 AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 264 @entity4 @entity0 and 111 controls. Both groups completed the following questionnaires: quality of life (AQLQ), alexithymia (TAS-20), @entity1 (STAI) and @entity5 (Nijmegen). In asthmatics were evaluated: @entity3 severity, dyspnoea, exacerbation and control of the disease (ACT test). RESULTS: 38% of asthmatics and 5.5% of non-asthmatics had @entity5 . Asthmatics had more @entity1 and were more alexithymic. Asthmatics with @entity5 had significantly more @entity1 , more alexithymia, poor control of @entity3 , more exacerbations and poorer quality of life, that @entity3 without @entity2 . Asthmatics with an ACT<19, a score >3 in the emotion subscale of the AQLQ, who were being treated for @entity1 and scored >19 on the alexithymia subscale that assesses difficulty in identifying emotions, showed ORs for @entity5 of 2.6 (1.1-5.9), 6.8 (2.9-15.8), 4.4 (1.9-9.8) and 3.3 (1.5-7), respectively. A predictive model of @entity5 was constructed. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the close relationship between @entity1 , alexithymia and @entity2 in asthmatics, as well as the significant impact of @entity5 on the control and quality of life of this asthmatics.

title: Psychological profile of @entity0 with @entity3 : a comparison with a non- XXXX population and impact on the disease.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have analysed the relationship between @entity1 and alexithymia with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and its impact on quality of life and @entity3 control. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of @entity2 in @entity3 , its impact on quality of life and @entity3 control and its relationship with @entity1 and alexithymia. @entity0 AND METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study of 264 @entity4 @entity0 and 111 controls. Both groups completed the following questionnaires: quality of life (AQLQ), alexithymia (TAS-20), @entity1 (STAI) and @entity5 (Nijmegen). In asthmatics were evaluated: @entity3 severity, dyspnoea, exacerbation and control of the disease (ACT test). RESULTS: 38% of asthmatics and 5.5% of non-asthmatics had @entity5 . Asthmatics had more @entity1 and were more alexithymic. Asthmatics with @entity5 had significantly more @entity1 , more alexithymia, poor control of @entity3 , more exacerbations and poorer quality of life, that @entity3 without @entity2 . Asthmatics with an ACT<19, a score >3 in the emotion subscale of the AQLQ, who were being treated for @entity1 and scored >19 on the alexithymia subscale that assesses difficulty in identifying emotions, showed ORs for @entity5 of 2.6 (1.1-5.9), 6.8 (2.9-15.8), 4.4 (1.9-9.8) and 3.3 (1.5-7), respectively. A predictive model of @entity5 was constructed. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated the close relationship between @entity1 , alexithymia and @entity2 in asthmatics, as well as the significant impact of @entity5 on the control and quality of life of this asthmatics.

title: Psychological profile of XXXX with @entity3 : a comparison with a non- @entity4 population and impact on the disease.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 with @entity1 demonstrate an increased rate of @entity4 . The present study was designed in order to investigate whether these @entity4 may be related to @entity2 , since @entity2 of various aetiologies has been observed to change the signal averaged electrocardiogram (ECG). Signal averaged ECG was registered in 23 @entity0 with @entity1 diagnosed by polysomnography (apnoea index 43 +/- 20 events.h-1, age 55 +/- 10 yrs). QRS duration, root mean square voltage of the last 40 ms of QRS, and low amplitude (< 40 mV) signal duration were determined from the vector magnitude of the QRS, high-pass filtered at 40 Hz. @entity0 with @entity3 or @entity5 were excluded. No @entity0 showed an abnormal signal averaged ECG. Mean duration of the filtered QRS complex was 96 +/- 9 ms, root mean square voltage 38 +/- 18 microV and low amplitude signal duration 26 +/- 8 ms. These results were not significantly different from 14 snoring subjects with an apnoea/hypopnoea index < 10. Four @entity0 showed no @entity4 and six @entity0 had Lown III or IVa in the Holter ECG. Echocardiography revealed increased left atrial (43.7 +/- 4.1 mm) and interventricular septal diameters (11.3 +/- 1.4 mm). In conclusion, @entity1 does not generate a substrate for late potentials in the signal averaged ECG.

title: XXXX and signal averaged electrocardiogram.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: In @entity0 with acute @entity3 , elevation of plasma @entity2 levels is associated with worse outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between @entity8 and in-hospital mortality in @entity0 with acute @entity3 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ). METHODS: We analyzed 834 consecutive @entity0 admitted for @entity7 to the Coronary Care Unit of our center. Association between admission @entity2 and mortality was assessed with Cox regression analysis. Discriminative accuracy of the multivariate model was assessed by Harrell's C statistic. RESULTS: Eighty-nine (10.7%) @entity0 died during hospitalization. Optimal threshold glycemia level of 140mg/dl on admission to predict mortality was obtained by ROC curves. Those who presented @entity2 >= 140mg/dl showed higher rates of malignant @entity6 (28% vs. 18%, P=.001), @entity9 (5% vs. 2%, P=.005), new @entity4 (9% vs. 5%, P=.05) and in-hospital mortality (15% vs. 5%, P<.001). Multivariate analysis showed that those with glycemia >= 140mg/dl exhibited a 2-fold increase of in-hospital mortality risk (95% CI: 1.2-3.5, P=.008) irrespective of @entity1 status (P-value for interaction=0.487 and 0.653, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Stress @entity8 on admission is a predictor of mortality and @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity7 and could be used in the stratification of risk in these @entity0 .

title: Prognostic implications of XXXX in @entity3 . Prospective observational study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: In @entity0 with acute @entity3 , elevation of plasma @entity2 levels is associated with worse outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between @entity8 and in-hospital mortality in @entity0 with acute @entity3 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ). METHODS: We analyzed 834 consecutive @entity0 admitted for @entity7 to the Coronary Care Unit of our center. Association between admission @entity2 and mortality was assessed with Cox regression analysis. Discriminative accuracy of the multivariate model was assessed by Harrell's C statistic. RESULTS: Eighty-nine (10.7%) @entity0 died during hospitalization. Optimal threshold glycemia level of 140mg/dl on admission to predict mortality was obtained by ROC curves. Those who presented @entity2 >= 140mg/dl showed higher rates of malignant @entity6 (28% vs. 18%, P=.001), @entity9 (5% vs. 2%, P=.005), new @entity4 (9% vs. 5%, P=.05) and in-hospital mortality (15% vs. 5%, P<.001). Multivariate analysis showed that those with glycemia >= 140mg/dl exhibited a 2-fold increase of in-hospital mortality risk (95% CI: 1.2-3.5, P=.008) irrespective of @entity1 status (P-value for interaction=0.487 and 0.653, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Stress @entity8 on admission is a predictor of mortality and @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity7 and could be used in the stratification of risk in these @entity0 .

title: Prognostic implications of @entity8 in XXXX . Prospective observational study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: To asses the characteristics of severe action @entity5 in three @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) due to @entity7 . We assessed EEG-EMG coherence, relative power (RP) and bandwidth (BW) of the EMG-peak associated with @entity5 ; we also evaluated somatosensory evoked potentials and long-loop reflexes (LLRs). We compared the findings with those obtained in ten @entity8 ( @entity8 ) @entity0 . The presentation of @entity7 included macular cherry-red spot, @entity3 and @entity2 in the infantile form and @entity4 in the juvenile form. From its onset in adolescence @entity5 rapidly worsened, quickly leading to severe disability. In @entity7 @entity0 , the EMG-peak was characterised by higher RP (p<0.01) and narrower BW (p<0.02) than in @entity8 . EEG-EMG coherence values were higher (p<0.05) than in @entity8 @entity0 . Taking into account both @entity7 and @entity8 @entity0 , the coherence values and the RP of the EMG-peak were directly correlated with the severity of the @entity5 ; while BW values were inversely correlated. All these measures showed extreme values in @entity7 @entity0 . In the @entity7 @entity0 , the strongly rhythmic recurrence of the jerks reflected on LLR, which included multiple components. Subtle differences indicate an especially high level of cortical motor synchronization in the @entity7 @entity0 , which may account for their particularly severe @entity1 . Neurophysiological indexes indicating high EEG-EMG synchronization parallels the severity of the @entity5 .

title: Characterization of severe action XXXX in sialidoses.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Clinical and audiological studies of 234 Saudi @entity0 from the central area of Saudi Arabia with progressive @entity2 were carried out in Riyadh. One hundred and sixty-four came from 38 families, i.e. 70% of the total and 30% were sporadic cases. Consanguinity was found in 80.8%. Their @entity1 was characterized as being bilateral sensorineural, starting at 1 kHz frequency and gradually sloping the pure tone audiogram to severe and profound @entity1 at 8 kHz. Special tests for recruitment indicate hair cell lesions. Caloric tests were normal in 56 @entity0 tested. No abnormal internal ears were found in a C.T. scan done for 84 cases. Serology for @entity5 and non- @entity5 agents were done for (124) selected cases. Syphilis was negative, however, positive immunoglobulins for @entity3 , herpes simplex type 1 and 2, and @entity4 were seen in 52 cases. All @entity0 came from one area called Qassim where old customs and the tradition of consanguineous marriage were still practiced. Some of these families are now under molecular and cytogenetic study.

title: Familial hereditary progressive XXXX among Saudi population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate to which extent the systemic arterial pulse pressure could be used as a surrogate of cardiac output for assessing the effects of a fluid challenge and of @entity2 . DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: Medical intensive care unit. @entity0 : @entity0 with an @entity3 who received a fluid challenge (228 @entity0 , group 1) or in whom @entity2 was introduced or increased (145 @entity0 , group 2). INTERVENTIONS: We measured the systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, and the transpulmonary thermodilution cardiac output before and after the therapeutic interventions. MAIN RESULTS: In group 1, the fluid challenge significantly increased cardiac output by 24%    25%. It significantly increased cardiac output by >= 15% (+35%    27%) in 142 @entity0 ("responders"). The fluid-induced changes in cardiac output were correlated with the changes in pulse pressure (r = .56, p < .0001), systolic arterial pressure (r = .55, p < .0001), diastolic arterial pressure (r = .37, p < .0001), and mean arterial pressure (r = .52, p < .0001). At multivariate analysis, changes in pulse pressure were significantly related to changes in @entity1 volume (multiple r = .52) and to age (r = .12). A fluid-induced increase in pulse pressure of >= 17% allowed detecting a fluid-induced increase in cardiac output of >= 15% with a sensitivity of 65[56-72]% and a specificity of 85[76-92]%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the fluid-induced changes in mean arterial pressure and in diastolic arterial pressure was significantly lower than for pulse pressure. In group 2, the introduction/increase of @entity2 significantly increased cardiac output by 14%    18%. The changes in cardiac output induced by the introduction/increase in the dose of @entity2 were correlated with the changes in pulse pressure and systolic arterial pressure (r = .21 and .29, respectively, p = .001) but to a significantly lesser extent than in group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Pulse pressure and systolic arterial pressure could be used for detecting the fluid-induced changes in cardiac output, in spite of a significant proportion of false-negative cases. By contrast, the changes in pulse pressure and systolic arterial pressure were unable to detect the changes in cardiac output induced by @entity2 .

title: Arterial pressure allows monitoring the changes in cardiac output induced by volume expansion but not by XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective study. OBJECTIVE: To assess the influence of different hinge positions on the clinical results of expansive open-door laminoplasty (EOLP) for cervical @entity1 (CSM). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: EOLP is currently the most widely adopted surgical treatment for CSM, although many long-term clinical follow-up studies have reported that most @entity0 recover satisfactorily after EOLP, there have been numerous reports regarding postoperative complications, such as @entity3 . The hinge position in EOLP plays a decisive role in determining the openness of the door so that affect clinical outcomes, whereas no thorough studies on the hinge positions have been published. METHODS: A total of 102 consecutive CSM @entity0 who underwent EOLP from February 2006 to February 2007 were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial and assigned alternatively to 1 of 2 treatment groups. Using a random digits table, 57 @entity0 with the hinge located at the inner margin of the lateral mass were classified as wide-open group, whereas 45 @entity0 with the hinge positioned at the lamina margin served as narrow-open group. All @entity0 were followed up over 24 months, clinical results including operation duration, @entity4 volume, Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores, axial symptoms assessment, and @entity5 , and radiologic examinations like C2-C7 angle, cervical curvature index, and range of motion were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: In this study, there were no significant differences in terms of operation duration, @entity4 volume, neural function recovery rate, curvature index, and range of motion. The neural functions were satisfactorily improved after EOLP in both groups (Japanese Orthopaedic Association score developed from 7.2    1.1 to 14.3    1.2 and 8.1    0.9 to 15.1    1.6 with P = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively), whereas the severity of axial symptoms was significantly lower in narrow-open group than in wide-open group (P<0.01). The incidence of @entity5 in wide-open group was higher than that in narrow-open group (5.3% vs. 0%), even though the difference did not reach statistical significance (1-tailed Fisher exact test, P = 0.17). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that proper inward shift of the hinge can ensure effectiveness of surgical decompression, avoid an excessive backward shift of the spinal cord, reduce the incidence of @entity5 , and alleviate the severity of axial symptoms. In addition, an inward shift should be cautious and contraindicated in @entity0 with @entity2 , @entity6 , and ossification of ligament flavum.

title: Influence of hinge position on the effectiveness of expansive open-door laminoplasty for cervical XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is associated with @entity1 , but the extent and severity of the lesions do not cohere with symptoms or improvement after shunting, implying the presence of further, yet undisclosed, injuries to white matter in @entity4 . OBJECTIVE: To apply diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to explore @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity4 before and after drainage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS: Eighteen @entity0 and 10 controls were included. DTI was performed in a 1.5T MRI scanner before and after 3-day drainage of 400 mL of CSF. Regions of interest included corpus callosum, capsula interna, frontal and lateral periventricular white matter, and centrum semiovale. White matter integrity was quantified by assessing fractional anisotropies (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC), comparing them between @entity0 and controls and between @entity0 before and after drainage. The significance level corresponded to .05 (Bonferroni corrected). RESULTS: @entity3 in @entity0 was found in 3 regions (P<.002, P<.001, and P<.001) in anterior frontal white matter, whereas elevated ADC was found in genu corpus callosum (P<.001) and areas of centrum semiovale associated with the precentral gyri (P<.002). Diffusion patterns in these areas did not change after drainage. CONCLUSION: DTI reveals subtle injuries-interpreted as axonal loss and @entity1 where high-order motor systems between frontal cortex and basal ganglia travel, further supporting the notion that motor symptoms in @entity4 are caused by a chronic @entity2 to the neuronal systems involved in the planning processes of movements.

title: Diffusion tensor imaging reveals XXXX in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Dysfunction of the interventricular septum has been implicated in right ventricular (RV) failure. However, little is known about the relationship between ventricular septal and RV function in @entity0 without clinical @entity1 . We hypothesized that better septal function would be associated with higher RV ejection fraction and lower RV mass and volume by cardiac MRI. METHODS: In the Multi-Ethnic Study of @entity3 (MESA), cardiac MRI was performed on community-based @entity0 without clinical @entity1 . Images were analyzed by the harmonic phase method to measure peak circumferential systolic midventricular strain for each wall (anterior, lateral, inferior, and septal). Multivariable linear regression and generalized additive models were used to assess the relationship between septal strain and RV morphology. RESULTS: There were 917 @entity0 (45.7% @entity0 ) with a mean age of 65.7 years. Better septal function was associated with higher RV ejection fraction in a nonlinear fashion after adjustment for all covariates (P = .03). There appeared to be a threshold effect for the contribution of septal strain to RV systolic function, with an almost linear decrement in RV ejection fraction with septal strain from -18% to -10%. Septal function was not related to RV mass or volume. CONCLUSIONS: Interventricular septal function was linked to RV systolic function independent of other left ventricular regions, even in individuals without clinical @entity1 . This finding confirms animal and @entity0 research suggesting the importance of septal function to the right ventricle and implies that changes in septal function could herald @entity2 . TRIAL REGISTRY: ClinicalTrials.gov; No.: NCT00005487; URL: www.clinicaltrials.gov.

title: Regional left ventricular systolic function and the right ventricle: the multi-ethnic study of XXXX right ventricle study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Concentrations of 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D have been positively associated with dietary @entity3 and salt sensitivity (SS) of blood pressure (BP), and inversely with plasma @entity2 activity (PRA). We investigated the association between PRA and @entity4 (25OHD), the most clinically relevant @entity1 metabolite, and whether 25OHD associates with SS of BP in @entity2 phenotypes of @entity0 . METHODS: We performed cross-sectional analyses on 223 Caucasian subjects with @entity0 maintained in high and low dietary @entity3 balance. Subjects were distinguished as having low- @entity2 (LR) or normal- @entity2 (NR) @entity0 . Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate adjusted relationships. RESULTS: Increasing 25OHD concentrations were inversely associated with PRA (p < 0.05) on both salt diets. Furthermore, 25OHD was associated with SS of BP in LR @entity0 (b = 0.62, p = 0.04), but not in NR @entity0 (b = 0.06, p = 0.59). In an adjusted multivariable interaction model, @entity2 status (LR vs. NR) was a significant effect modifier of the relationship between 25OHD and SS of BP (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that 25OHD is inversely associated with PRA and positively associated with SS of BP in LR @entity0 subjects. These results extend and support prior evidence indicating an interaction between dietary @entity3 , the RAS, and @entity1 that influences BP in @entity0 .

title: @entity4 is associated with plasma XXXX activity and the pressor response to dietary @entity3 intake in Caucasians.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Concentrations of 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D have been positively associated with dietary @entity3 and salt sensitivity (SS) of blood pressure (BP), and inversely with plasma @entity2 activity (PRA). We investigated the association between PRA and @entity4 (25OHD), the most clinically relevant @entity1 metabolite, and whether 25OHD associates with SS of BP in @entity2 phenotypes of @entity0 . METHODS: We performed cross-sectional analyses on 223 Caucasian subjects with @entity0 maintained in high and low dietary @entity3 balance. Subjects were distinguished as having low- @entity2 (LR) or normal- @entity2 (NR) @entity0 . Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate adjusted relationships. RESULTS: Increasing 25OHD concentrations were inversely associated with PRA (p < 0.05) on both salt diets. Furthermore, 25OHD was associated with SS of BP in LR @entity0 (b = 0.62, p = 0.04), but not in NR @entity0 (b = 0.06, p = 0.59). In an adjusted multivariable interaction model, @entity2 status (LR vs. NR) was a significant effect modifier of the relationship between 25OHD and SS of BP (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that 25OHD is inversely associated with PRA and positively associated with SS of BP in LR @entity0 subjects. These results extend and support prior evidence indicating an interaction between dietary @entity3 , the RAS, and @entity1 that influences BP in @entity0 .

title: XXXX is associated with plasma @entity2 activity and the pressor response to dietary @entity3 intake in Caucasians.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Concentrations of 1,25-hydroxyvitamin D have been positively associated with dietary @entity3 and salt sensitivity (SS) of blood pressure (BP), and inversely with plasma @entity2 activity (PRA). We investigated the association between PRA and @entity4 (25OHD), the most clinically relevant @entity1 metabolite, and whether 25OHD associates with SS of BP in @entity2 phenotypes of @entity0 . METHODS: We performed cross-sectional analyses on 223 Caucasian subjects with @entity0 maintained in high and low dietary @entity3 balance. Subjects were distinguished as having low- @entity2 (LR) or normal- @entity2 (NR) @entity0 . Multivariable linear regression was used to evaluate adjusted relationships. RESULTS: Increasing 25OHD concentrations were inversely associated with PRA (p < 0.05) on both salt diets. Furthermore, 25OHD was associated with SS of BP in LR @entity0 (b = 0.62, p = 0.04), but not in NR @entity0 (b = 0.06, p = 0.59). In an adjusted multivariable interaction model, @entity2 status (LR vs. NR) was a significant effect modifier of the relationship between 25OHD and SS of BP (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that 25OHD is inversely associated with PRA and positively associated with SS of BP in LR @entity0 subjects. These results extend and support prior evidence indicating an interaction between dietary @entity3 , the RAS, and @entity1 that influences BP in @entity0 .

title: @entity4 is associated with plasma @entity2 activity and the pressor response to dietary XXXX intake in Caucasians.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of all breast screening programmes is a reduction in deaths from the disease. It is hoped that this can be achieved with minimal intervention in the @entity0 cohort who do not have @entity1 . In this study we have assessed the efficacy of a combination of mammographic and cytological scoring systems in the evaluation of 208 @entity0 with screen-detected non-palpable @entity2 . All mammograms were scored 1-5 and those with a score of 3 or more required needle localization. A cytology score of 1 to 5 was generated for each @entity0 according to a similar system and an aggregate score for each @entity0 was achieved by the addition of the mammographic and cytology score. Ninety-three of the 208 @entity0 had malignancy--the positive predictive value for mammography alone in this series was 45%. All 58 @entity0 who had an aggregate score of 8 or greater had @entity1 . The 60 @entity0 who had an aggregate score of 4 had benign disease on excision biopsy. We suggest that a 'wait and repeat mammogram' approach is appropriate in @entity0 with grade 3 mammography and benign (grade 1) cytology. @entity0 with an intermediate aggregate score of 5-7 should have an excision biopsy and those with an aggregate score of 8 could have definitive surgery rather than excision biopsy. Application of this aggregate scoring technique would enhance the delivery of more appropriate surgery to a majority of @entity0 with screen-detected @entity2 .

title: Prospective evaluation of a composite scoring system for mammographically detected cytologically assessed impalpable XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The mechanisms inducing steroidogenesis in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) remain poorly defined. It was recently demonstrated that some G-protein-coupled receptors are abnormally expressed in @entity3 -producing @entity1 (APA). We evaluated the potential role of LH and GNRH receptors ( @entity4 (or @entity4 ) and @entity6 ) in regulating @entity3 secretion in a @entity0 with APA arising during pregnancy (index case) and in a subset of other @entity0 with @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: GNRH test was performed in the index case, 11 other @entity2 , and 5 controls. @entity6 and @entity4 expressions were examined in 23 APA and 6 normal tissues. RESULTS: @entity3 response increased significantly (114%) in the index case after GNRH test was performed preoperatively, while it was blunted after adrenalectomy. @entity3 also increased after @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin and @entity5 stimulation. A partial @entity3 response to GNRH was observed in other 7/11 @entity2 , while a significant response was observed in two @entity0 . Controls did not respond to GNRH test. @entity6 was overexpressed and @entity4 expression was moderate in the APA tissue from the index case. Moreover, @entity4 was found in normal adrenals and overexpressed in 6/22 APA. @entity6 was overexpressed in 6/22 APA, 2 of them with a 95- and 109-fold higher expression than normal. A correlation between the clinical and molecular findings was observed in five out of seven @entity0 . CONCLUSION: We describe a case of @entity2 diagnosed during pregnancy, which appeared to correlate with aberrant @entity4 and @entity6 expression. Our findings suggest that a subset of @entity0 with @entity2 has aberrant @entity4 and @entity6 expression, which could modulate @entity3 secretion.

title: A case of XXXX in pregnancy: do LH and GNRH receptors have a potential role in regulating @entity3 secretion?

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The mechanisms inducing steroidogenesis in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) remain poorly defined. It was recently demonstrated that some G-protein-coupled receptors are abnormally expressed in @entity3 -producing @entity1 (APA). We evaluated the potential role of LH and GNRH receptors ( @entity4 (or @entity4 ) and @entity6 ) in regulating @entity3 secretion in a @entity0 with APA arising during pregnancy (index case) and in a subset of other @entity0 with @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: GNRH test was performed in the index case, 11 other @entity2 , and 5 controls. @entity6 and @entity4 expressions were examined in 23 APA and 6 normal tissues. RESULTS: @entity3 response increased significantly (114%) in the index case after GNRH test was performed preoperatively, while it was blunted after adrenalectomy. @entity3 also increased after @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin and @entity5 stimulation. A partial @entity3 response to GNRH was observed in other 7/11 @entity2 , while a significant response was observed in two @entity0 . Controls did not respond to GNRH test. @entity6 was overexpressed and @entity4 expression was moderate in the APA tissue from the index case. Moreover, @entity4 was found in normal adrenals and overexpressed in 6/22 APA. @entity6 was overexpressed in 6/22 APA, 2 of them with a 95- and 109-fold higher expression than normal. A correlation between the clinical and molecular findings was observed in five out of seven @entity0 . CONCLUSION: We describe a case of @entity2 diagnosed during pregnancy, which appeared to correlate with aberrant @entity4 and @entity6 expression. Our findings suggest that a subset of @entity0 with @entity2 has aberrant @entity4 and @entity6 expression, which could modulate @entity3 secretion.

title: A case of @entity2 in pregnancy: do LH and GNRH receptors have a potential role in regulating XXXX secretion?

answer: @entity3


abstract: The objective was to analyse clinical and non-clinical factors associated with the receipt of a prescription for a @entity3 among general practice @entity0 . A survey of 110 consecutive @entity0 encounters (consultations) as recorded by a representative sample of general practitioners in inner urban, outer urban and rural settings was designed. A total of 286 general practitioners took part during 1991-2. 31,256 @entity0 (10,683 male; 34%) were surveyed and the odds of receiving a @entity3 script measured. @entity1 , unlike @entity2 , was almost routinely managed with a @entity3 alone ( @entity1 89.6%; @entity2 49.4%), whereas @entity2 was more likely to be managed with non-drug management ( @entity1 7.2%; @entity2 38.3%). In multiple logistic regression, the variables significantly associated with the prescription of a @entity3 included being a female @entity0 , being an older @entity0 and being an established @entity0 , who attends a GP working in a busy practice in an inner urban area. A second regression model was run with the addition of three variables, namely the presenting problems of @entity2 and @entity1 , and the number of health problems. The only predictors of @entity3 prescribing in the full model were these three clinical variables together with @entity0 age. There is a need to educate doctors about the non-drug management of @entity1 . The stereotype of the doctor over-prescribing a @entity3 without an appropriate problem/diagnosis should be questioned. On the other hand, there is concern that @entity0 age continues to be associated with a prescription of these medications, when all other clinical and non-clinical factors are taken into account.

title: XXXX prescribing in general practice: dispelling some myths.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Accurate preoperative clinical assessment of @entity2 can optimize outcomes by ensuring appropriate and timely surgery. This article addresses whether a new technology, ovarian HistoScanning, has an additional diagnostic value in mathematical models developed for the differential diagnosis of @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Transvaginal sonography-based morphological variables were obtained through blinded analysis of archived images in 199 @entity0 enrolled in a prospective study to assess the performance of ovarian HistoScanning. Logistic regression (LR) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) models including these variables and clinical and @entity0 data along with the HistoScanning score (HSS) (range, 0-125; based on mathematical algorithms) were developed in a learning set (60% @entity0 ). The remaining 40% @entity0 (evaluation set) were used to assess model performance. RESULTS: Of all morphological and clinical variables tested, serum @entity3 , presence of a solid component, and HSS were most significant and used to develop the LR model. The @entity1 model included all variables. The novel variable, HSS, offered significant improvement in the LR and @entity1 models' performance. The LR and @entity1 models in an independent evaluation set were found to have area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI], 94-99) and 0.93 (95% CI, 88-98), sensitivities = 83% (95% CI, 71%-91%) and 80% (95% CI, 67%-89%), and specificities = 98% (95% CI, 89%-99%) and 86% (95% CI, 72%-95%), respectively. In addition, these models showed an improved performance when compared with 3 other existing models (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This initial report shows a clear benefit of including ovarian HistoScanning into mathematical models used for discriminating benign from malignant ovarian masses. These models may be specifically helpful to the less experienced examiner. Future research should assess performance of these models in prospective clinical trials in different populations.

title: Mathematical models to discriminate between benign and malignant XXXX : potential diagnostic improvement using ovarian HistoScanning.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) treatment for subjects with @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and to determine the dental parameters associated with treatment outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: This study uses a prospective longitudinal design. METHODS: Consecutive Chinese subjects with severe @entity0 who refused continuous positive airway pressure treatment were recruited. Their dental measurements were taken from lateral cephalometric radiographs. Polysomnograms with @entity3 were repeated at 3 months and 1 year. Blood pressure was taken in the morning after sleep studies. RESULTS: Thirty-four subjects were evaluated at 3 months and 1 year according to the principle of intention-to-treat analysis. @entity3 reduced AHI significantly in subjects with favorable responses, from 49.3 (37.4-67) to 12.5 (6.1-15.7), p   <   0.001 at 3 months and from 47.5 (41.1-72.9) to 13.1 (6.0-14.0), p   <   0.001 at 1 year. These @entity0 subjects had an increased overjet at baseline compared to those with unfavorable responses (p    <=   0.05). Systolic blood pressure was significantly reduced in those @entity1 @entity0 subjects after 3 months and 1 year of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 reduces the severity of @entity2 , and the effect is maintained at 1 year in subjects with retrognathism. @entity3 appears to reduce systolic blood pressure in @entity1 @entity0 subjects at 3 months and 1 year.

title: The efficacy of oral appliances in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Thermoregulatory responses of eight healthy subjects (six @entity0 and two @entity0 ) were compared when they were head-out immersed in 15 degrees C water at both 1 and 6 ATA. Both trials were conducted in a hyperbaric chamber. During the immersions, esophageal temperature (T(es)) and skin temperature at two sites (chest and @entity2 ) were recorded at minute intervals. @entity1 uptake was determined at 5-min intervals with the Douglas bag method. The order of the two trials was alternated. The rate of T(es) cooling was greater during the 6-ATA trial [2.1 +/- 0.5 degrees C/h (SE)] than during the 1-ATA trial (1.3 +/- 0.5 degrees C/h; P < 0.01). Despite the greater rate of core cooling, and presumably a greater thermal drive for shivering, the @entity1 uptake response for a similar decrement in T(es) was lower during exposure to 6 than to 1 ATA (P < 0.05). Also, for similar displacement in T(es), the subjects perceived the immersions at 6 ATA to be less cold than those at 1 ATA (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the development of @entity4 in compressed-air divers may be due, in large part, to the attenuation of heat production and cold perception. Most likely, the observed effects on the autonomic responses and thermal perception are due to an inhibitory action of hyperbaric @entity3 on central neural structures involved in temperature regulation.

title: XXXX narcosis attenuates shivering thermogenesis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: DNA sequence analysis of the modABCD operon of @entity2 revealed the presence of four open reading frames. The first gene, modA, codes for a 257- @entity3 periplasmic binding protein enunciated by the presence of a signal peptide-like sequence. The second gene (modB) encodes a 229- @entity3 protein with a potential membrane location, while the 352- @entity3 ModC protein (modC product) contains a @entity0 -binding motif. On the basis of sequence similarities with proteins from other transport systems and molybdate transport proteins from other organisms, these three proteins are proposed to constitute the molybdate transport system. The fourth open reading frame (modD) encodes a 231- @entity3 protein of unknown function. Plasmids containing different mod genes were used to map several molybdate-suppressible @entity4 -resistant mutants; interestingly, none of the 40 mutants tested had a mutation in the modD gene. About 35% of these @entity4 -resistant mutants were not complemented by mod operon DNA. These mutants, designated mol, contained mutations at unknown chromosomal location(s) and produced @entity5 hydrogenlyase activity only when cultured in molybdate-supplemented @entity1 -minimal medium, not in L broth. This group of mol mutants constitutes a new class of molybdate utilization mutants distinct from other known mutants in molybdate metabolism. These results show that molybdate, after transport into cells by the ModABC proteins, is metabolized (activated?) by the products of the mol gene(s).

title: Genetic analysis of the modABCD (molybdate transport) operon of XXXX .

answer: @entity2