abstract: OBJECTIVES: To test the feasibility of using intermittent @entity5 suppression in the treatment of @entity4 by taking advantage of the reversible action of medical castration. METHODS: Observations were made on a group of 47 @entity0 (clinical @entity6 ; and A2, 2) with a mean follow-up time of 125 weeks. Treatment was initiated with combined @entity5 blockade and continued for at least 6 months until a serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) nadir was observed. Medication was then withheld until the serum PSA increased to a mean value between 10 and 20 ng/mL. This cycle of treatment and no treatment was repeated until the regulation of serum PSA became @entity5 independent. RESULTS: The first two treatment cycles lasted 73 and 75 weeks, with a mean time off therapy of 30 and 33 weeks and an overall mean percentage time off therapy of 41% and 45%, respectively. The mean time to achieve a nadir level of serum PSA was 20 weeks in cycle 1 and 18 weeks in cycle 2. Serum @entity3 returned to the normal range within 8 weeks (range, 1 to 26) of stopping treatment. The off-treatment period in both cycles was associated with an improvement in sense of well-being and the recovery of libido and potency in the @entity0 who reported normal or near-normal sexual function before the start of therapy. In 7 @entity0 with Stage D2 disease, the @entity1 progressed to an @entity5 -independent state. The mean and median times to progression were 128 weeks and 108 weeks, respectively. Seven @entity0 have died, 1 from a noncancer-related illness, with mean and median overall survival times of 210 weeks and 166 weeks, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 is amenable to control by intermittent @entity5 suppression. This approach affords an improved quality of life when the @entity0 is off therapy. It also results in reduced @entity2 and cost of treatment and possibly delays @entity1 progression. Whether survival is affected in a beneficial or adverse way remains to be studied in a randomized, prospective study.

title: Intermittent XXXX suppression in the treatment of @entity4 : a preliminary report.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Despite recent developments in therapy for @entity3 , the prognosis of this disease remains poor in advanced stages. In many cases even curatively treated @entity0 without any @entity1 develop metachronous metastases. As in other solid @entity1 , adjuvant therapies can reduce the metastatic risk, which implies that some of these @entity0 harbour @entity1 cells or micrometastases (minimal @entity2 , @entity4 ) that are undetectable by radiological imaging and conventional histopathology but can still be the cause of @entity1 recurrence. Therefore, reliable methods for diagnosing @entity4 would be desirable for individually tailoring therapy for these @entity0 . Unfortunately, testing methods for @entity4 and interpretation of their results are not standardised and studies published on this topic are difficult to interpret due to methodological differences and small sample sizes. As of now, testing for @entity4 has not become relevant in clinical routine for any of the anatomic compartments lymph nodes, peritoneal lavage fluid, peripheral blood, and bone marrow in the Western hemisphere. Most reliable data on @entity4 in @entity3 @entity0 have been reported for peritoneal lavage fluid. In some centres in Japan, this test is routinely being used for making therapeutic decisions, e. g., on the use of intraperitoneal chemotherapy. @entity4 in resected lymph nodes will be further evaluated in the context of the sentinel lymph node concept and possibly be employed for designing individualised therapy for @entity0 in @entity2 stages who are not routinely candidates for multimodal treatment. As for @entity1 cells in peripheral blood and in bone marrow, studies suggest that these cells are only able to form metastases in the presence of certain molecular factors. Therefore, rather than simply confirming the existence of @entity1 cells in blood or bone marrow, future studies should concentrate on defining their molecular characteristics and the conditions required for their metastatic potential. This may gain relevance in diagnostics and prognostic evaluation of individual @entity0 as well as in the development of targeted therapies directly interfering with the metastatic process.

title: [Minimal XXXX ( @entity4 ) in @entity3 --an overview].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Despite recent developments in therapy for @entity3 , the prognosis of this disease remains poor in advanced stages. In many cases even curatively treated @entity0 without any @entity1 develop metachronous metastases. As in other solid @entity1 , adjuvant therapies can reduce the metastatic risk, which implies that some of these @entity0 harbour @entity1 cells or micrometastases (minimal @entity2 , @entity4 ) that are undetectable by radiological imaging and conventional histopathology but can still be the cause of @entity1 recurrence. Therefore, reliable methods for diagnosing @entity4 would be desirable for individually tailoring therapy for these @entity0 . Unfortunately, testing methods for @entity4 and interpretation of their results are not standardised and studies published on this topic are difficult to interpret due to methodological differences and small sample sizes. As of now, testing for @entity4 has not become relevant in clinical routine for any of the anatomic compartments lymph nodes, peritoneal lavage fluid, peripheral blood, and bone marrow in the Western hemisphere. Most reliable data on @entity4 in @entity3 @entity0 have been reported for peritoneal lavage fluid. In some centres in Japan, this test is routinely being used for making therapeutic decisions, e. g., on the use of intraperitoneal chemotherapy. @entity4 in resected lymph nodes will be further evaluated in the context of the sentinel lymph node concept and possibly be employed for designing individualised therapy for @entity0 in @entity2 stages who are not routinely candidates for multimodal treatment. As for @entity1 cells in peripheral blood and in bone marrow, studies suggest that these cells are only able to form metastases in the presence of certain molecular factors. Therefore, rather than simply confirming the existence of @entity1 cells in blood or bone marrow, future studies should concentrate on defining their molecular characteristics and the conditions required for their metastatic potential. This may gain relevance in diagnostics and prognostic evaluation of individual @entity0 as well as in the development of targeted therapies directly interfering with the metastatic process.

title: [Minimal @entity2 ( XXXX ) in @entity3 --an overview].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Despite recent developments in therapy for @entity3 , the prognosis of this disease remains poor in advanced stages. In many cases even curatively treated @entity0 without any @entity1 develop metachronous metastases. As in other solid @entity1 , adjuvant therapies can reduce the metastatic risk, which implies that some of these @entity0 harbour @entity1 cells or micrometastases (minimal @entity2 , @entity4 ) that are undetectable by radiological imaging and conventional histopathology but can still be the cause of @entity1 recurrence. Therefore, reliable methods for diagnosing @entity4 would be desirable for individually tailoring therapy for these @entity0 . Unfortunately, testing methods for @entity4 and interpretation of their results are not standardised and studies published on this topic are difficult to interpret due to methodological differences and small sample sizes. As of now, testing for @entity4 has not become relevant in clinical routine for any of the anatomic compartments lymph nodes, peritoneal lavage fluid, peripheral blood, and bone marrow in the Western hemisphere. Most reliable data on @entity4 in @entity3 @entity0 have been reported for peritoneal lavage fluid. In some centres in Japan, this test is routinely being used for making therapeutic decisions, e. g., on the use of intraperitoneal chemotherapy. @entity4 in resected lymph nodes will be further evaluated in the context of the sentinel lymph node concept and possibly be employed for designing individualised therapy for @entity0 in @entity2 stages who are not routinely candidates for multimodal treatment. As for @entity1 cells in peripheral blood and in bone marrow, studies suggest that these cells are only able to form metastases in the presence of certain molecular factors. Therefore, rather than simply confirming the existence of @entity1 cells in blood or bone marrow, future studies should concentrate on defining their molecular characteristics and the conditions required for their metastatic potential. This may gain relevance in diagnostics and prognostic evaluation of individual @entity0 as well as in the development of targeted therapies directly interfering with the metastatic process.

title: [Minimal @entity2 ( @entity4 ) in XXXX --an overview].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify characteristic changes in large aggregating (aggrecan) and small proteoglycan (PG) populations in articular cartilages during @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: Aggrecan populations in @entity3 extracts of femoral condylar cartilages of 46 @entity2 and 8 @entity1 @entity0 who underwent total knee arthroplasty, as well as of 2 fetuses and 6 normal adults, were separated in agarose- @entity4 composite gels. Small PGs (biglycan, decorin, and @entity6 ) in the same extracts were analyzed in 12% @entity4 gels. Gels were stained or electrophoretically transferred and probed with antibodies to aggrecan epitopes and to small PGs. Epitope contents of the samples were also compared by inhibition radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: There were significant differences found among normal and diseased samples in their electrophoretic mobilities, band distributions, and antibody staining. @entity2 and especially @entity1 samples were heavily degraded, lacked certain aggrecan populations, and contained fewer @entity7 and @entity5 epitopes compared with normal samples. Levels of @entity5 and "fetal-type" epitopes were elevated in the @entity2 samples compared with the normal ones. More core proteins of small PGs were found in diseased than in normal cartilages, but they were more heterogeneous in size and glycosaminoglycan substitution. CONCLUSION: There is extensive degradation of both large and small PGs in diseased cartilages, but a repair process does exist, especially in @entity2 cartilages. Chondrocytes of diseased cartilages are able to synthesize fetal-type aggrecans. Small PGs are glycosylated differently in diseased cartilages than in normal ones.

title: Large and small proteoglycans of osteoarthritic and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We present the development of microbioreactors (MBRs) based on @entity2 ( @entity3 ) segmented waveguides (SWG) for local absorbance measurements. Two different MBRs were studied, either using symmetric or asymmetric SWG (being defined as MBR-S and MBR-A, respectively). Their optical and fluidic performances were numerically analyzed, showing robustness from an optical point of view and distinct fluid flow profile. The optical characterization was done in two steps. Initially, the experimental limit of detection (LOD) and the sensitivity were determined for two different analytes ( @entity1 and methylorange). With both systems, a similar limit of detection for both analytes was obtained, being in the micromolar level. Their sensitivities were 20.2  0.3 ( 10     ) A.U./ M and 5.5  0.2 ( 10     ) A.U./ M for @entity1 and @entity4 , respectively. Once validated its applicability for local absorbance measurements, a continuous cultivation of @entity0 was done to test the viability of the proposed systems for photonic MBRs. Concretely, the cell growth was locally monitored inside the MBR during 33   h. Spectral analysis showed that the determination of the culture parameters were wavelength dependant, with a growth rate of 0.39  0.02   h      and a doubling time of 1.65  0.09   h at an optimal wavelength of 469.9  0.3   nm. Besides the easy and monolithic integration of the SWG into @entity2 microfluidic systems, the results presented here are very promising for the application in any disposable photonic lab-on-a-chip systems used for online analysis or photonic MBRs.

title: XXXX photonic microbioreactors based on segmented waveguides for local absorbance measurement.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Eutrophication (i.e., nutrient enrichment, organic enrichment, and @entity0 depletion) is one of the most common sources of impairment in Clean Water Act 303(d)-listed waters in the United States. Although eutrophication can eventually cause adverse effects to the benthos, it may be difficult to diagnose. Sediment organic @entity2 (OC) content has been used as an indicator of enrichment in sediments, but the amount of surface area available for @entity2 adsorption must be considered. We investigated the utility of the relationship between OC and sediment grain size as an indicator of eutrophication. Data from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program was used to test this relationship. However, anthropogenic contaminants are also capable of causing adverse effects to the benthos and often co-occur with elevated levels of OC. Contaminant analysis and @entity1 tests were not consistently related to enrichment status as defined by relationship between total OC and grain size. Although variability in response occurred, reflecting the variance in the water column factors (dissolved @entity0 , @entity3 , and nutrients) and limited sample sizes, the data supported the hypothesis that sites designated as enriched were eutrophied. Dissolved @entity0 levels were reduced at enriched sites, whereas @entity3 and nutrients were higher at enriched sites. This suggests that the relationship of OC to grain size can be used as a screening tool to diagnose eutrophication.

title: Can sediment total organic XXXX and grain size be used to diagnose organic enrichment in estuaries?

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a rare form of @entity4 characterized by a very high-proliferation index, rapid clinical progression, and a high frequency of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Commonly, it is treated in the clinical trials for @entity5 , of which it represents the leukemic counterpart. PROCEDURE: @entity0 with @entity8 diagnosed between 1988 and 1999 were enrolled in the AIEOP-8805 protocol. Treatment included six high-dose chemotherapy courses. No prophylactic CNS irradiation was administered. RESULTS: Sixty-five consecutive @entity0 were enrolled in the study. L3 morphology was observed in 57 of 65 @entity0 (88%). Twenty-five @entity0 (38%) had @entity1 mass in addition to massive @entity3 ; 11 @entity0 (17%) had @entity7 at diagnosis. Sixty-two @entity0 obtained complete morphological remission of which 13 suffered a relapse, including 3 with initial CNS involvement. Ten-year overall survival and event-free survival were 77% and 75%, respectively. Neither relevant long-term @entity2 nor second @entity1 were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The AIEOP-8805 confirmed that short high-dose chemotherapy is highly effective for the treatment of @entity8 without significant long-term adverse sequelae. Therapy modifications to reduce relapse rate, such as the use of anti- @entity6 monoclonal antibody and more effective CNS treatment, are being tested.

title: Long-term results of AIEOP-8805 protocol for XXXX of childhood.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Interactions between @entity2 cells and the endothelium are vital to the formation of haematogenous @entity1 . Binding to model endothelium of one @entity3 receptor positive @entity0 cell line (MCF-7) and one receptor negative line (HS578T) was examined in vitro together with endothelial retraction induced by these @entity2 cells. Adhesion was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies specific for the VLA integrins and by peptides containing the RGD motif which is commonly recognised as a ligand by the VLA adhesion molecules. However, binding of the two @entity2 cell lines was inhibited by monoclonal antibodies specific for different VLA molecules; anti-alpha 6 beta 1 inhibited MCF-7 adhesion but anti-alpha 5 beta 1 inhibited Hs578T. These results were consistent with flow cytometric quantification of the expression of these VLA integrins on the surfaces of the two @entity2 cell lines. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) demonstrated that laminin was present on the endothelial cell surface but collagen IV was absent. ELISA failed to detect increased exposure of the subendothelial matrix during the first hour after addition of either @entity2 cell type. This was supported by assays which demonstrated maintenance of the endothelial permeability barrier during this period. Slight endothelial retraction was detected within 2 hours of the addition of @entity2 cells. It is concluded that binding between @entity2 cells and confluent endothelium is inhibited by the blockade of adhesion molecules which are normally associated with interactions between the cell and the subendothelial matrix. @entity2 cell to matrix interactions rather than direct @entity2 to endothelial cell adhesion may be the limiting step in @entity2 cell binding to the endothelium.

title: The role of beta 1 integrins in adhesion of two XXXX cell lines to a model endothelium.

answer: @entity0


abstract: It is now widely accepted that the clinical diagnosis of @entity5 (D.V.T.) is unreliable. Many venous thrombi are nonobstructive and not associated with vessel wall @entity0 or @entity0 of the surrounding tissues and consequently have no detectable clinical manifestations. Moreover, none of the symptoms or signs of @entity1 are unique to this condition and all can be caused by non @entity3 . On the other hand, in most of the D.V.T., the @entity2 is the site in the legs where a @entity3 starts. This @entity3 begins commonly in valve pockets throughout various deep veins of the leg and in saccules of soleal veins. Several non invasive techniques have been developed for diagnosing D.V.T.: 125I, fibrinogen, impedance plethysmography, Doppler ultrasound, Duplex scanning. Many publications document the correlation between venography and these non invasive tests for D.V.T. Unfortunately it appears that, excepted 125I. Fg, these techniques are poorly reliable at the level of the @entity2 . Moreover the diagnosis of D.V.T. may occur in particular and difficult situations such as a recurrent @entity4 . Considering all above the authors believes that contrast venography remains the standard and that it is less dangerous to do unnecessary venography than not to recognize a @entity4 .

title: [Has phlebography become useless in the diagnosis of XXXX of the lower extremities?].

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT Flow diversion via Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) represents the most recent advancement in endovascular therapy of @entity1 . This exploratory study aims at a proof of concept for an advanced device-modeling tool in conjunction with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) to evaluate flow modification effects by PED in actual, treated cases. METHODS The authors performed computational modeling of 3 PED-treated complex @entity2 cases. The @entity0 in Case 1 had a fusiform @entity2 treated with a single PED. In Case 2 the @entity0 had a @entity5 treated with 2 PEDs. Case 3 consisted of tandem ICA @entity2 (III-a and III-b) treated by a single PED. The authors' recently developed high-fidelity virtual stenting (HiFiVS) technique was used to recapitulate the clinical deployment process of PEDs in silico for these 3 cases. Pretreatment and posttreatment aneurysmal hemodynamics studies performed using @entity6 simulation were analyzed. Changes in aneurysmal flow velocity, inflow rate, @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and turnover time were calculated and compared with the clinical outcome. RESULTS In Case 1 (occluded within the first 3 months), the @entity2 had the most drastic flow reduction after PED placement; the aneurysmal average velocity, inflow rate, and average @entity4 were decreased by 76.3%, 82.5%, and 74.0%, respectively, whereas the turnover time was increased to 572.1% of its pretreatment value. In Case 2 (occluded at 6 months), aneurysmal average velocity, inflow rate, and average @entity4 were decreased by 39.4%, 38.6%, and 59.1%, respectively, and turnover time increased to 163.0%. In Case 3, @entity2 (occluded at 6 months) had a decrease by 38.0%, 28.4%, and 50.9% in average velocity, inflow rate, and average @entity4 , respectively, and turnover time increased to 139.6%, which was quite similar to @entity2 . Surprisingly, the adjacent @entity2 III-b had more substantial flow reduction (a decrease by 77.7%, 53.0%, and 84.4% in average velocity, inflow rate, and average @entity4 , respectively, and an increase to 213.0% in turnover time) than @entity2 , which qualitatively agreed with angiographic observation at 3-month follow-up. However, @entity2 III-b remained patent at both 6 months and 9 months. A closer examination of the vascular anatomy in Case 3 revealed blood draining to the ophthalmic artery off @entity2 III-b, which may have prevented its complete @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that HiFiVS modeling of flow diverter deployment enables detailed characterization of hemodynamic alteration by PED placement. Posttreatment aneurysmal flow reduction may be correlated with @entity2 outcome. However, predicting @entity2 treatment outcome by flow diverters also requires consideration of other factors, including vascular anatomy.

title: High-fidelity virtual stenting: modeling of flow diverter deployment for hemodynamic characterization of complex XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The glyoxalase system consists of glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II. Glyoxalase I catalyzes the conversion of @entity5 ( @entity13 ), a metabolite derived from glycolysis, with @entity4 to @entity11 , while glyoxalase II hydrolyses this @entity4 thiolester to @entity7 and @entity4 . Since @entity5 is toxic due to its high reactivity, the glyoxalase system is crucial to warrant the efficient metabolic flux of this reactive @entity0 . The budding @entity1 @entity1 has the sole gene ( @entity12 ) encoding the structural gene for glyoxalase I. Meanwhile, this @entity1 has two isoforms of glyoxalase II encoded by @entity14 and @entity15 . The expression of @entity12 is regulated by @entity6 mitogen-activated protein kinase and @entity8 / @entity9 transcription factors under highly osmotic stress conditions. The physiological significance of @entity12 expression in response to osmotic stress is to combat the increase in the levels of @entity5 in cells during the production of @entity3 as a compatible osmolyte. Deficiency in @entity12 in @entity1 causes pleiotropic phenotypes in terms of stress response, because the steady state level of @entity5 increases in @entity12 /\ cells thereby constitutively activating @entity10 transcription factor. @entity10 is crucial for oxidative stress response, although @entity5 per se does not enhance the intracellular oxidation level in @entity1 , but it directly modifies @entity2 residues of @entity10 that are critical for the nucleocytoplasmic localization of this b-ZIP transcription factor. Consequently, glyoxalase I can be defined as a negative regulator of @entity10 through modulating the intracellular @entity5 level.

title: Glyoxalase system in XXXX : structure, function, and physiology.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the clinical, histopathologic and imaging features of @entity2 without secondary signs on dynamic CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy @entity0 (mean age 70  years) with histologically proven @entity2 underwent preoperative contrast material-enhanced multiphasic multidetector CT before pancreatic resection. In each @entity0 , clinical data including @entity3 antigen 19-9, frequency of @entity1 , and presence of secondary signs and histopathologic findings such as @entity1 location, @entity1 stage, and microscopic infiltrative growth grade were evaluated. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 (14  %) were without secondary signs, and 60 (86  %) were with secondary signs. @entity1 without and with secondary signs were located in the uncinate process in 5 (50  %) and 3 (5  %), head in 3 (30  %) and 29 (48  %), body in 2 (20  %) and 22 (37  %), and tail in 0 (0  %) and 6 (10  %), respectively (p   =   .001). The frequency of isoattenuating @entity2 without secondary signs was significantly higher than those with secondary signs (p   =   0.034). The @entity1 stage of @entity2 without secondary signs was earlier than that in @entity1 with secondary signs (p   =   0.041). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 without secondary signs is characterized by the presence of uncinate and @entity1 and earlier @entity1 stage @entity1 with secondary signs. KEY POINTS:     Frequency of @entity2 without secondary signs on multiphasic CT is 14   %.     @entity2 without secondary signs are common in the uncinate process.     @entity2 without secondary signs are common in @entity1 .     @entity2 without secondary signs are characterized by @entity1 .

title: XXXX without secondary signs on multiphasic multidetector CT: association with clinical and histopathologic features.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased QRS score and wide spatial QRS- @entity6 are independent predictors of @entity2 in the general population. Our main objective was to assess whether a QRS score >= 5 and/or QRS- @entity6 >= 105   enable screening of @entity0 for @entity3 features. METHODS: Seventy-seven @entity0 age  <=70 years with QRS score >= 5 AND/OR spatial QRS- @entity6 >= 105   as well as @entity4 ( @entity4 ) >35% were enrolled in the study. All @entity0 underwent complete clinical examination, signal averaged ECG (SAECG), 30-minute ambulatory electrocardiogram recording for T-wave alternans (TWA), and late @entity5 enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance (LGE-CMR). Relationship between QRS score, QRS- @entity6 with scar presence and pattern, as well as gray zone, core, and total scar size by LGE-CMR were assessed. RESULTS: @entity3 was present in 41 (53%) @entity0 , of whom 19 (46%) exhibited a typical @entity1 pattern. QRS score but not QRS- @entity6 was related to total scar size and gray zone size (R(2) = 0.12, P = 0.002; R(2) = 0.17; P  <= 0.0001, respectively). @entity0 with QRS scores >= 6 had significantly greater @entity3 and gray zone size, increased QRS duration and QRS- @entity6 , a higher prevalence of late potentials presence, increased LV end-diastolic volume and decreased @entity4 . There was a significant independent and positive association between TWA value and total scar (P = 0.001) and gray zone size (P = 0.01). CONCLUSION: @entity0 with preserved @entity4 and @entity3 by CMR also have electrocardiographic features that could be involved in ventricular arrhythmogenesis.

title: Screening for Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Scar Features by 12-Lead ECG, in XXXX with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Single-stranded non-protein coding small RNAs, 18-25 @entity3 in length, are ubiquitous throughout plants genomes and are involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Several types of DNA markers have been reported for the detection of genetic diversity or sequence variation in @entity2 , one of the most important legume crops in worldwide for seed protein and oil content. Recently, with the available of public genomic databases, there has been a shift from the labor-intensive development of PCR-based markers to sequence-based genotyping and the development of functional markers within genes, often coupled with the use of RNA information. But thus far miRNA-based markers have been only developed in @entity1 and @entity0 . Here we report the first functional molecular miRNA marker, @entity4 -InDel, in @entity2 for a specific single copy locus used to assess genetic variation in domesticated @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and its wild progenitor (Glycine soja Sieb. _ Zucc.). RESULTS: We genotyped a total of 1,669 accessions of domesticated @entity2 (G. max) and its wild progenitor G. soja which are native throughout the China and parts of Korea, Japan and Russia. The results indicate that the @entity4 locus is distributed in cultivated @entity2 and has three alleles in annual wild @entity2 . Based on this result, we proposed that miR-InDel marker technology can be used to assess genetic variation. The inclusion of geo-reference data with @entity4 -InDel marker data corroborated that accessions from the Yellow River basin (Huanghuai) exhibited high genetic diversity which provides more molecular evidence for gene diversity in annual wild @entity2 and domestication of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence for the use of RNA marker, miRNA1511-InDel, as a @entity2 -specific functional maker for the study of genetic diversity, genotyping of germplasm and evolution studies. This is also the first report of functional marker developed from @entity2 miRNA located within the functional region of pre-miRNA1511.

title: Functional marker development of XXXX -InDel and allelic diversity within the genus Glycine.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the need for an implant removal and the frequency of hardware related complications in a group of distal radius fractures treated with dorsal double plating. METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed data from 37 @entity0 in whom @entity2 surgery was performed through single dorsal approach with two low profile @entity3 plates during a  period of 5 years. Objective and subjective parameters were evaluated, focusing on detection of potentially harmful complications and the need of hardware removal during the follow up at least 12 months after the surgery. RESULTS: 37 @entity0 with @entity2 treated by dorsal double plating were included in this study. 19 @entity0 had their implant removed and 18 @entity0 had their implant retained. There was no statistical difference between these groups in respect to age, @entity2 type, incidence of associated @entity4 , hand dominance, gender and Mayo wrist score. Only subjective parameters including the average value of the Quick Disabilities of Arm, Hand, and Shoulder Questionnaire and the Visual Analogue Scale were higher in the group of @entity0 requiring implant removal with a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that only symptomatic hardware should be removed. A decreased range of motion and extensor tendon problems are the most frequent complication, that necessitate plate removal. The main indicator of implant related soft tissue problems was the dorsal wrist @entity1 (Tab. 1, Fig. 3, Ref. 36).

title: Is an implant removal after dorsal plating of XXXX always needed?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Microwave ablation (MWA) has been recently recognized as a technology to overcome the limitations of radiofrequency ablation. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new 2.45-GHz thermosphere MWA system in the treatment of @entity2 . METHODS: This was a prospective IRB-approved study of 18 @entity0 with @entity2 treated with MWA within a 3-month time period. @entity1 sizes and response to MWA were obtained from triphasic liver CT scans done before and after MWA. The ablation zones were assessed for complete @entity1 response and spherical geometry. RESULTS: There were a total of 18 @entity0 with an average of three @entity1 measuring 1.4  cm (range 0.2-4). Ablations were performed laparoscopically in all, but three @entity0 who underwent combined liver resection. A single ablation was created in 72  % and overlapping ablations in 28  % of lesions. Total ablation time per @entity0 was 15.6      1.9  min. There was no morbidity or mortality. At 2-week CT scans, there was 100  % @entity1 destruction, with no residual lesions. Roundness indices A, B and transverse were 1.1, 0.9 and 0.9, respectively, confirming the spherical nature of ablation zones. CONCLUSIONS: To the best of  our knowledge, this is the first report of a new thermosphere MWA technology in the laparoscopic treatment of @entity2 . The results demonstrate the safety of the technology, with satisfactory spherical ablation zones seen on post-procedural CT scans.

title: Laparoscopic microwave thermosphere ablation of XXXX : an initial clinical evaluation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity3 ) @entity4 facilitates the visualization of abdominal organs during laparoscopic surgery. However, the associated increase in intra-abdominal pressure causes oxidative stress, which contributes to tissue injury. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the ability of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drug @entity8 to prevent @entity3 @entity4 -induced oxidative stress and inflammatory reactions in a @entity1 model. METHODS: Fourteen female adult @entity1 albino @entity1 were divided into a control group (Group A, n = 7) and an @entity8 group (Group B, n = 7). Group A received 0.5 cc/day 0.9% @entity7 , and Group B received 10 mg/kg/day @entity8 was administered by gavage, and maintained for 7 days prior to the operation. During the surgical procedure, the @entity1 were exposed to @entity3 @entity4 with an intra-abdominal pressure of 15 mmHg for 30 min. The peritoneal gas was then desufflated. The @entity1 were sacrificed following 3 h of insufflation. Their lungs were removed, histologically evaluated, and scored for @entity6 , @entity0 , @entity2 , and leukocyte infiltration. The results were statistically analyzed. A value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Significant differences were detected in @entity6 (P < 0.05), @entity2 (P < 0.001), and leukocyte infiltration (P < 0.001) in Group A compared with Group B. However, the differences in @entity0 were not statistically significant (P = 0.698). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 @entity4 results in oxidative injury to lung tissue, and administration of @entity8 reduces the severity of pathological changes. Therefore, @entity8 may be a useful preventive and therapeutic agent for @entity3 @entity4 -induced oxidative stress in laparoscopic surgery.

title: Prevention of pulmonary complications of pneumoperitoneum in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is one of the most recent advances in the surgical treatment of morbid @entity3 . Extended follow-up studies of large cohorts are needed to establish the usefulness of the operation. The objectives of this study are to delineate the role of sleeve gastrectomy in @entity5 and in comorbidities among @entity3 @entity0 . METHODS: @entity0 who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in a single bariatric center were followed up for a 3-year period. Weight loss and status of several comorbidities were assessed at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, 18th, 24(th), and 36th postoperative month. RESULTS: Overall, after 3  years of follow-up of 88 @entity0 , the mean body mass index (BMI) of the @entity0 was 29.8  kg/m(2) (SD   6.1), the % total @entity5 was 38.1  % (SD   12.9), the % excess @entity5 was 69.5  % (SD   17.5), and the % estimated BMI loss was 81.4  % (SD   22.3). These parameters changed significantly over the first year of follow-up (p  <  0.001) and subsequently stabilized. The percentages of @entity0 with @entity4 (33.3  %), @entity7 (26.4  %), @entity1 (20.7  %), @entity2 (20.2  %), and @entity6 ( @entity6 -27  %) were significantly reduced (10.5, 9.2, 1.1, 1.1, and 9.2  % respectively at 36  months postoperation), while 10 new cases of @entity6 appeared postoperatively. However, only three of the new @entity6 cases required medication, and only one of them experienced symptoms that persisted after the 3-year period. CONCLUSION: Three years of close follow-up of @entity0 who had undergone laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy demonstrated satisfactory @entity5 results. Promising results were also obtained regarding various comorbidities of @entity3 @entity0 . Longer follow-up studies for more @entity0 are needed to delineate the exact role of sleeve gastrectomy on postoperative outcomes.

title: The impact of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on XXXX and @entity3 -associated comorbidities: the results of 3 years of follow-up.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is one of the most recent advances in the surgical treatment of morbid @entity3 . Extended follow-up studies of large cohorts are needed to establish the usefulness of the operation. The objectives of this study are to delineate the role of sleeve gastrectomy in @entity5 and in comorbidities among @entity3 @entity0 . METHODS: @entity0 who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in a single bariatric center were followed up for a 3-year period. Weight loss and status of several comorbidities were assessed at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 12th, 18th, 24(th), and 36th postoperative month. RESULTS: Overall, after 3  years of follow-up of 88 @entity0 , the mean body mass index (BMI) of the @entity0 was 29.8  kg/m(2) (SD   6.1), the % total @entity5 was 38.1  % (SD   12.9), the % excess @entity5 was 69.5  % (SD   17.5), and the % estimated BMI loss was 81.4  % (SD   22.3). These parameters changed significantly over the first year of follow-up (p  <  0.001) and subsequently stabilized. The percentages of @entity0 with @entity4 (33.3  %), @entity7 (26.4  %), @entity1 (20.7  %), @entity2 (20.2  %), and @entity6 ( @entity6 -27  %) were significantly reduced (10.5, 9.2, 1.1, 1.1, and 9.2  % respectively at 36  months postoperation), while 10 new cases of @entity6 appeared postoperatively. However, only three of the new @entity6 cases required medication, and only one of them experienced symptoms that persisted after the 3-year period. CONCLUSION: Three years of close follow-up of @entity0 who had undergone laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy demonstrated satisfactory @entity5 results. Promising results were also obtained regarding various comorbidities of @entity3 @entity0 . Longer follow-up studies for more @entity0 are needed to delineate the exact role of sleeve gastrectomy on postoperative outcomes.

title: The impact of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on @entity5 and XXXX -associated comorbidities: the results of 3 years of follow-up.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 biosynthesis in @entity1 is regulated transcriptionally and post-translationally. Antizyme and ribosomal proteins S20 and L34 participate in post-translational inhibition of the @entity2 biosynthetic enzymes @entity3 and @entity0 decarboxylase. The aim of the present study was to investigate the significance of S20 and L34 in @entity2 regulation in vivo. In vivo overexpression of S20 and L34 lowered the activities of @entity3 and @entity0 decarboxylases and decreased total @entity2 production. The levels of @entity4 , a related @entity5 whose synthesis is not regulated by S20 and L34, did not decrease but increased. The diminished @entity3 and @entity0 decarboxylase activities are shown to result from reversible post-translational inhibition since the enzymes could be reactivated to normal levels upon titration of the inhibitors. The effects were specific as overexpression of eight other ribosomal proteins had no influence. Overexpression of @entity3 decarboxylase results in elevated @entity2 production and it increases S20 and L34 levels but not those of other ribosomal proteins. @entity3 depletion decreases S20 and L34 to normal levels in the @entity3 decarboxylase overproducing cells. Immunoprecipitation experiments coupled with immunoblots indicated that @entity3 and @entity0 decarboxylases physically interact with S20 and L34. This study shows that ribosomal proteins S20 and L34 can inhibit @entity3 and @entity0 decarboxylases and @entity2 biosynthesis in vivo. It is concluded that, unlike other basic ribosomal proteins and polycationic compounds which inhibit the activities of these enzymes only in vitro, S20 and L34 are biologically relevant in the regulation of the @entity2 biosynthetic pathway.

title: Relationship of the expression of the S20 and L34 ribosomal proteins to @entity2 biosynthesis in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 biosynthesis in @entity1 is regulated transcriptionally and post-translationally. Antizyme and ribosomal proteins S20 and L34 participate in post-translational inhibition of the @entity2 biosynthetic enzymes @entity3 and @entity0 decarboxylase. The aim of the present study was to investigate the significance of S20 and L34 in @entity2 regulation in vivo. In vivo overexpression of S20 and L34 lowered the activities of @entity3 and @entity0 decarboxylases and decreased total @entity2 production. The levels of @entity4 , a related @entity5 whose synthesis is not regulated by S20 and L34, did not decrease but increased. The diminished @entity3 and @entity0 decarboxylase activities are shown to result from reversible post-translational inhibition since the enzymes could be reactivated to normal levels upon titration of the inhibitors. The effects were specific as overexpression of eight other ribosomal proteins had no influence. Overexpression of @entity3 decarboxylase results in elevated @entity2 production and it increases S20 and L34 levels but not those of other ribosomal proteins. @entity3 depletion decreases S20 and L34 to normal levels in the @entity3 decarboxylase overproducing cells. Immunoprecipitation experiments coupled with immunoblots indicated that @entity3 and @entity0 decarboxylases physically interact with S20 and L34. This study shows that ribosomal proteins S20 and L34 can inhibit @entity3 and @entity0 decarboxylases and @entity2 biosynthesis in vivo. It is concluded that, unlike other basic ribosomal proteins and polycationic compounds which inhibit the activities of these enzymes only in vitro, S20 and L34 are biologically relevant in the regulation of the @entity2 biosynthetic pathway.

title: Relationship of the expression of the S20 and L34 ribosomal proteins to XXXX biosynthesis in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Minimally invasive esophagectomy for @entity1 decreases @entity3 but seems to be associated with higher occurrence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). This study describes the incidence of this complication and the results of surgical repair. METHODS: Among 390 @entity0 with @entity6 treated by esophagectomies with laparoscopic gastric dissection from 2000 to 2013, 32 (8.2  %) @entity0 developed @entity4 . Demographics, diagnostic, surgical management and outcomes data were collected retrospectively. RESULTS: There were 25 @entity0 and 7 @entity0 with a median age of 60  years (39-78). The median time between esophagectomy and diagnosis of @entity4 was 10  months (3  days-96  months). The most frequent symptoms at the time of diagnosis were @entity2 (32  %), @entity7 (21  %) and @entity5 (10  %), while @entity4 was asymptomatic in 10 @entity0 . @entity4 was located in the left chest in 97  % of @entity0 and involved either the transverse colon (91  %), or omentum (25  %) or the small bowel (12  %). The operation included the reintegration of the viscera associated with the closure of the pillars (100  %) and the establishment of a mesh (71  %). The operation was carried out by laparoscopy in 19 (59  %) @entity0 and was conducted in emergency in 6 (19  %) @entity0 . No @entity0 died, and the overall morbidity was 25  %. After a median follow-up of 40  months (range 1-55), five @entity0 died due to oncologic evolution and six (19  %) @entity0 had recurrence of @entity4 who required a second operation. CONCLUSION: @entity4 is a common complication after laparoscopic-assisted esophagectomy. Despite the use of mesh, postoperative morbidity and recurrence incidence remain high.

title: Laparoscopic repair of XXXX after minimally invasive esophagectomy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the presentation, workup, and functional outcomes of adult @entity0 diagnosed with @entity3 treated by transoral subtotal excision. These results were then used to formulate a management algorithm. DESIGN: Retrospective chart review (2001-2008). SETTING: Tertiary care academic hospital. @entity0 : All @entity0 diagnosed with a @entity3 as an adult were identified in the University of Alberta's head and neck mass database. Charts were reviewed for initial presentation, diagnostic methods, radiographic findings, and treatment and follow-up results. INTERVENTION: @entity3 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Postoperative swallowing function as measured by pharyngeal residue and aspiration on videofluoroscopic swallowing studies. RESULTS: Five @entity0 with @entity3 meeting the study criteria were identified. All were females aged 29 to 58 years (mean 44 years). Presentations ranged from asymptomatic to acute @entity2 . Diagnosis was made with flexible nasopharyngoscopy, thyroid scintigraphy, and computed tomography. All @entity0 underwent transoral subtotal excision of their thyroids with either a @entity1 laser or electrocautery. Two @entity0 complained of residual symptoms and received adjunctive 131I, which led to symptom resolution. Pathologic evaluation revealed benign thyroid tissue. Swallowing function remained efficacious and safe in all @entity0 , as shown by a lack of aspiration and low pharyngeal residue scores. These results were used to propose a management algorithm for the spectrum of adult-diagnosed @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Transoral subtotal excision of @entity3 provides adequate resection of the lesion with good postoperative swallowing function. When appropriate, this is advocated as the treatment modality of choice.

title: XXXX in adults: management algorithm based on swallowing outcomes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity1 is the leading cause of @entity4 in urban populations. Early diagnosis through regular screening and timely treatment has been shown to prevent @entity2 and @entity4 . It is very difficult to cater to this vast set of @entity1 @entity0 , primarily because of high costs in reaching out to @entity0 and a scarcity of skilled personnel. Telescreening offers a cost-effective solution to reach out to @entity0 but is still inadequate due to an insufficient number of experts who serve the @entity1 population. Developments toward fundus image analysis have shown promise in addressing the scarcity of skilled personnel for large-scale screening. This article aims at addressing the underlying issues in traditional telescreening to develop a solution that leverages the developments carried out in fundus image analysis. METHOD: We propose a novel Web-based telescreening solution (called DrishtiCare) integrating various value-added fundus image analysis components. A Web-based platform on the software as a service (SaaS) delivery model is chosen to make the service cost-effective, easy to use, and scalable. A server-based prescreening system is employed to scrutinize the fundus images of @entity0 and to refer them to the experts. An automatic quality assessment module ensures transfer of fundus images that meet grading standards. An easy-to-use interface, enabled with new visualization features, is designed for case examination by experts. RESULTS: Three local primary eye hospitals have participated and used DrishtiCare's telescreening service. A preliminary evaluation of the proposed platform is performed on a set of 119 @entity0 , of which 23% are identified with the sight-threatening @entity3 . Currently, evaluation at a larger scale is under process, and a total of 450 @entity0 have been enrolled. CONCLUSION: The proposed approach provides an innovative way of integrating automated fundus image analysis in the telescreening framework to address well-known challenges in large-scale disease screening. It offers a low-cost, effective, and easily adoptable screening solution to primary care providers.

title: DrishtiCare: a telescreening platform for XXXX powered with fundus image analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: It is generally accepted that renal compensatory growth after unilateral nephrectomy (Uni) is due to prominent @entity2 with no involvement of protooncogenes. Neither the balance between @entity2 and @entity3 nor the expression of the early-growth-related genes has been studied after subtotal nephrectomy (Nx). The occurrence of cystic tubular dilatations after Nx may suggest an excessive cell proliferation in this model. We measured DNA, RNA, and protein content, number of nuclei per tubular section, as well as @entity6 , c-jun, @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity1 , and @entity7 protooncogene expression in kidneys taken at time of surgery and 2, 7, and 14 days after sham operation (control @entity0 ), Uni, or Nx. After Uni, @entity3 was greater than expected (+79% for DNA at day 14) and was associated with moderate @entity2 (+11% for protein/DNA ratio). After Nx, compensatory growth was due only to @entity3 (+117% for DNA at day 14), with unchanged protein/DNA ratio (vs. Uni, P < 0.02). The greater @entity3 after Nx was confirmed by nuclei counting. The protooncogene mRNA expression was constantly absent in control and Uni @entity0 , whereas that of @entity6 and c-jun genes was detected in Nx @entity0 at day 14 with a 2- to 12-fold increment. The @entity6 and c-jun protein levels were also increased at that time in Nx @entity0 . This suggests the following: 1) the cellular events following Uni and Nx are not the same, and 2) the late protooncogene expression in Nx exclusively could favor a particular type of cell proliferation possibly more related with cystic formation than with actual compensatory growth.

title: Subtotal but not unilateral nephrectomy induces XXXX and protooncogene expression.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The use of organotypic hippocampal slice culture (OHSC) has become a powerful tool for studying cell damage in different neuropathological states, since it reproduces the basic morphological and functional properties of hippocampal neuronal network. However, the conventional OHSCs are established from postnatal animals rather than adult. Here we reevaluated the features of cell death in adult OHSC in detail and found potential utility for the study of neuroprotection. Organotypic culture of hippocampal slices from adult @entity0 under conventional conditions led to a time-dependent and reproducible cell death. Around 6days in vitro (DIV), slices lost 50% of the cells, based on LDH release assessment. The cell death was greater than 90% after DIV 15. The cell loss was linearly correlated (r=0.944, P<0.01) with the time in culture. The electrophysiological responses to the stimulus in the cultured adult slices were accordingly reduced. The cell degeneration during adult OHSC might be utilized as a tool for studying neuroprotective effects in drug development. To illustrate this potential use, adult OHSCs were challenged with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). We found that the continuous supplementation of 300ng/ml @entity2 promoted cell survival of adult OHSC. Using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses of neuronal markers, we also demonstrated the pro-survival effects of @entity2 on neurons in the adult OHSC system. It is suggested that OHSCs from adult @entity0 might provide an alternative model system for @entity1 , suitable for studying physiological factors and pharmacological compounds contributing to neuronal survival.

title: Evaluation of cell damage in organotypic hippocampal slice culture from adult XXXX : a potential model system to study neuroprotection.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The present study assessed the influence of shortening the overall treatment time (accelerated fractionation) on radiation injury of the small intestine. A @entity0 model which allowed repeated irradiation of a localized segment of small intestine was developed. Young adult male @entity0 were orchiectomized, and a loop of the distal ileum was transposed to the left part of the scrotum. The intestinal segment was irradiated with a total dose of 56 Gy, given in 20 fractions, the total treatment time being either 26, 12, or 7 days (i.e. 1, 2, or 3 fractions per day). @entity2 was assessed by histopathologic examination at 6 hr and at 2 weeks after the last irradiation. The surgical procedure was without complications. Shortening the overall treatment time by giving more than one radiation dose per day resulted in markedly @entity1 both at 6 hr and at 2 weeks. It is concluded that accelerated fractionation results in @entity2 of the intestine when compared with standard fractionation. Because there may be a relationship between early and late effects in the intestine, our results also indicate that @entity2 may result from accelerated fractionation.

title: Effects of accelerated fractionation on radiation injury of the small intestine: a new XXXX model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 immunotherapy is an effective treatment for @entity0 with @entity2 whose symptoms are unresolved with pharmacotherapy. @entity1 immunotherapy for grass pollen-induced @entity2 is available in three modalities: subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy as a tablet or drop. This study aimed to understand trends in @entity1 immunotherapy prescribing and practice patterns for grass @entity1 in adult and paediatric @entity0 in Germany. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using IMS Disease Analyzer in Germany. @entity0 with an @entity1 immunotherapy prescription for grass pollen (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical [ATC] classification code V01AA02) from September 2005 to December 2012 were included in the study. General Practitioners (GPs), dermatologists, Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT)-specialists, paediatricians and pneumologists were included as the @entity1 immunotherapy prescribing physicians in the study. Descriptive analyses were conducted on @entity0 characteristics at index and prescribing physician specialty; a test for trend was conducted for timing of initiation of first @entity1 immunotherapy prescription in each annual prescribing season. RESULTS: Eighteen thousand eight hundred fifty eligible @entity0 were identified during the study period. The majority of @entity0 received subcutaneous immunotherapy; however, the proportion of @entity0 receiving sublingual immunotherapy tablets increased from 8  % in 2006/2007 to 29  % in 2011/2012 (p   <   0.001). Initiation of subcutaneous immunotherapy and Oralair   generally peaked during each prescribing year in two seasons (September-October and January) while GRAZAX   prescriptions peaked in autumn (September-October). ENT-specialists and dermatologists were the largest @entity1 immunotherapy prescribers in adults, while paediatricians and ENT-specialists were the largest prescribers of @entity1 immunotherapy in paediatric @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous immunotherapy remained the dominant @entity1 immunotherapy modality for grass pollen-induced @entity2 in Germany for adult and paediatric @entity0 ; however, there was a marked increase in proportion of @entity0 receiving sublingual immunotherapy tablets from 2006/2007 to 2011/2012, after their introduction to the market in 2006. ENT-specialists, dermatologists and paediatricians were responsible for the majority of prescribing. The predominance of particular modalities within certain physician specialties likely reflects different treatment goals or needs.

title: @entity1 immunotherapy prescribing trends for grass pollen-induced XXXX in Germany: a retrospective cohort analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 immunotherapy is an effective treatment for @entity0 with @entity2 whose symptoms are unresolved with pharmacotherapy. @entity1 immunotherapy for grass pollen-induced @entity2 is available in three modalities: subcutaneous immunotherapy and sublingual immunotherapy as a tablet or drop. This study aimed to understand trends in @entity1 immunotherapy prescribing and practice patterns for grass @entity1 in adult and paediatric @entity0 in Germany. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using IMS Disease Analyzer in Germany. @entity0 with an @entity1 immunotherapy prescription for grass pollen (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical [ATC] classification code V01AA02) from September 2005 to December 2012 were included in the study. General Practitioners (GPs), dermatologists, Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT)-specialists, paediatricians and pneumologists were included as the @entity1 immunotherapy prescribing physicians in the study. Descriptive analyses were conducted on @entity0 characteristics at index and prescribing physician specialty; a test for trend was conducted for timing of initiation of first @entity1 immunotherapy prescription in each annual prescribing season. RESULTS: Eighteen thousand eight hundred fifty eligible @entity0 were identified during the study period. The majority of @entity0 received subcutaneous immunotherapy; however, the proportion of @entity0 receiving sublingual immunotherapy tablets increased from 8  % in 2006/2007 to 29  % in 2011/2012 (p   <   0.001). Initiation of subcutaneous immunotherapy and Oralair   generally peaked during each prescribing year in two seasons (September-October and January) while GRAZAX   prescriptions peaked in autumn (September-October). ENT-specialists and dermatologists were the largest @entity1 immunotherapy prescribers in adults, while paediatricians and ENT-specialists were the largest prescribers of @entity1 immunotherapy in paediatric @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous immunotherapy remained the dominant @entity1 immunotherapy modality for grass pollen-induced @entity2 in Germany for adult and paediatric @entity0 ; however, there was a marked increase in proportion of @entity0 receiving sublingual immunotherapy tablets from 2006/2007 to 2011/2012, after their introduction to the market in 2006. ENT-specialists, dermatologists and paediatricians were responsible for the majority of prescribing. The predominance of particular modalities within certain physician specialties likely reflects different treatment goals or needs.

title: XXXX immunotherapy prescribing trends for grass pollen-induced @entity2 in Germany: a retrospective cohort analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) accurately identifies nodal @entity2 of early @entity0 , but it is not clear whether further nodal dissection affects survival. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of complete @entity4 ( @entity4 ) on survival of @entity1 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity2 of @entity0 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : The American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 trial, a phase 3 noninferiority trial conducted at 115 sites and enrolling @entity1 from May 1999 to December 2004. @entity1 were @entity1 with clinical T1-T2 @entity0 , no palpable @entity7 , and 1 to 2 SLNs containing metastases identified by frozen section, touch preparation, or @entity5 - @entity6 staining on permanent section. Targeted enrollment was 1900 @entity1 with final analysis after 500 deaths, but the trial closed early because mortality rate was lower than expected. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 underwent lumpectomy and tangential whole-breast irradiation. Those with @entity4 metastases identified by @entity4 were randomized to undergo @entity4 or no further axillary treatment. Those randomized to @entity4 underwent dissection of 10 or more nodes. Systemic therapy was at the discretion of the treating physician. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall survival was the primary end point, with a noninferiority margin of a 1-sided hazard ratio of less than 1.3 indicating that @entity4 alone is noninferior to @entity4 . Disease-free survival was a secondary end point. RESULTS: Clinical and @entity3 characteristics were similar between 445 @entity1 randomized to @entity4 and 446 randomized to @entity4 alone. However, the median number of nodes removed was 17 with @entity4 and 2 with @entity4 alone. At a median follow-up of 6.3 years (last follow-up, @entity8 , 2010), 5-year overall survival was 91.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.1%-94.5%) with @entity4 and 92.5% (95% CI, 90.0%-95.1%) with @entity4 alone; 5-year disease-free survival was 82.2% (95% CI, 78.3%-86.3%) with @entity4 and 83.9% (95% CI, 80.2%-87.9%) with @entity4 alone. The hazard ratio for treatment-related overall survival was 0.79 (90% CI, 0.56-1.11) without adjustment and 0.87 (90% CI, 0.62-1.23) after adjusting for age and adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 with limited @entity4 metastatic @entity0 treated with breast conservation and systemic therapy, the use of @entity4 alone compared with @entity4 did not result in inferior survival. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00003855.

title: Axillary dissection vs no axillary dissection in @entity1 with XXXX and sentinel node @entity2 : a randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) accurately identifies nodal @entity2 of early @entity0 , but it is not clear whether further nodal dissection affects survival. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of complete @entity4 ( @entity4 ) on survival of @entity1 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity2 of @entity0 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : The American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 trial, a phase 3 noninferiority trial conducted at 115 sites and enrolling @entity1 from May 1999 to December 2004. @entity1 were @entity1 with clinical T1-T2 @entity0 , no palpable @entity7 , and 1 to 2 SLNs containing metastases identified by frozen section, touch preparation, or @entity5 - @entity6 staining on permanent section. Targeted enrollment was 1900 @entity1 with final analysis after 500 deaths, but the trial closed early because mortality rate was lower than expected. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 underwent lumpectomy and tangential whole-breast irradiation. Those with @entity4 metastases identified by @entity4 were randomized to undergo @entity4 or no further axillary treatment. Those randomized to @entity4 underwent dissection of 10 or more nodes. Systemic therapy was at the discretion of the treating physician. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall survival was the primary end point, with a noninferiority margin of a 1-sided hazard ratio of less than 1.3 indicating that @entity4 alone is noninferior to @entity4 . Disease-free survival was a secondary end point. RESULTS: Clinical and @entity3 characteristics were similar between 445 @entity1 randomized to @entity4 and 446 randomized to @entity4 alone. However, the median number of nodes removed was 17 with @entity4 and 2 with @entity4 alone. At a median follow-up of 6.3 years (last follow-up, @entity8 , 2010), 5-year overall survival was 91.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.1%-94.5%) with @entity4 and 92.5% (95% CI, 90.0%-95.1%) with @entity4 alone; 5-year disease-free survival was 82.2% (95% CI, 78.3%-86.3%) with @entity4 and 83.9% (95% CI, 80.2%-87.9%) with @entity4 alone. The hazard ratio for treatment-related overall survival was 0.79 (90% CI, 0.56-1.11) without adjustment and 0.87 (90% CI, 0.62-1.23) after adjusting for age and adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 with limited @entity4 metastatic @entity0 treated with breast conservation and systemic therapy, the use of @entity4 alone compared with @entity4 did not result in inferior survival. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00003855.

title: Axillary dissection vs no axillary dissection in @entity1 with @entity0 and sentinel node XXXX : a randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) accurately identifies nodal @entity2 of early @entity0 , but it is not clear whether further nodal dissection affects survival. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of complete @entity4 ( @entity4 ) on survival of @entity1 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity2 of @entity0 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity1 : The American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 trial, a phase 3 noninferiority trial conducted at 115 sites and enrolling @entity1 from May 1999 to December 2004. @entity1 were @entity1 with clinical T1-T2 @entity0 , no palpable @entity7 , and 1 to 2 SLNs containing metastases identified by frozen section, touch preparation, or @entity5 - @entity6 staining on permanent section. Targeted enrollment was 1900 @entity1 with final analysis after 500 deaths, but the trial closed early because mortality rate was lower than expected. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity1 underwent lumpectomy and tangential whole-breast irradiation. Those with @entity4 metastases identified by @entity4 were randomized to undergo @entity4 or no further axillary treatment. Those randomized to @entity4 underwent dissection of 10 or more nodes. Systemic therapy was at the discretion of the treating physician. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Overall survival was the primary end point, with a noninferiority margin of a 1-sided hazard ratio of less than 1.3 indicating that @entity4 alone is noninferior to @entity4 . Disease-free survival was a secondary end point. RESULTS: Clinical and @entity3 characteristics were similar between 445 @entity1 randomized to @entity4 and 446 randomized to @entity4 alone. However, the median number of nodes removed was 17 with @entity4 and 2 with @entity4 alone. At a median follow-up of 6.3 years (last follow-up, @entity8 , 2010), 5-year overall survival was 91.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89.1%-94.5%) with @entity4 and 92.5% (95% CI, 90.0%-95.1%) with @entity4 alone; 5-year disease-free survival was 82.2% (95% CI, 78.3%-86.3%) with @entity4 and 83.9% (95% CI, 80.2%-87.9%) with @entity4 alone. The hazard ratio for treatment-related overall survival was 0.79 (90% CI, 0.56-1.11) without adjustment and 0.87 (90% CI, 0.62-1.23) after adjusting for age and adjuvant therapy. CONCLUSION: Among @entity1 with limited @entity4 metastatic @entity0 treated with breast conservation and systemic therapy, the use of @entity4 alone compared with @entity4 did not result in inferior survival. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00003855.

title: Axillary dissection vs no axillary dissection in XXXX with @entity0 and sentinel node @entity2 : a randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ipilimumab improves overall survival in a subset of @entity0 with @entity2 . Peripheral blood T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire diversity has been associated with favorable outcomes in @entity0 with @entity1 , but its relevance as a biomarker for ipilimumab outcomes remains unknown. FINDINGS: In this pilot study, we analyzed the pre-treatment peripheral blood TCR repertoire in 12 @entity0 with @entity2 who received ipilimumab at 3  mg/kg (clinical benefit, n   =   4; no clinical benefit, n   =   8). TCR diversity was evaluated using a polymerase chain reaction assay which measures TCR combinatorial diversity between V and J genes from genomic DNA. TCR repertoire diversity was studied through @entity3 (observed V-J rearrangements) and evenness (similarity between the frequencies of specific V-J rearrangements). The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to compare @entity0 with clinical benefit and those without. Association with benefit in a dichotomized analysis was assessed through a Fisher's exact test. Overall survival was studied through log-rank analysis. There was a significant difference in @entity3 (p   =   0.033) and evenness (p   =   0.028) between @entity0 with and without clinical benefit. Dichotomized analysis showed that none of the @entity0 with low @entity3 (n   =   0/5, p   =   0.081) nor low evenness (n   =   0/7, p   =   0.01) achieved clinical benefit. There were no significant differences in overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: In this small group of @entity0 , baseline TCR diversity in the peripheral blood was associated with clinical outcomes. Further investigation is ongoing in larger cohorts of @entity0 to explore these preliminary findings and determine whether TCR diversity can be used as a predictive biomarker in @entity1 immunotherapy.

title: Peripheral T cell receptor diversity is associated with clinical outcomes following ipilimumab treatment in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a secreted endothelial-specific growth factor that is angiogenic in vivo. It is commonly expressed in a range of @entity8 . PURPOSE: The study was designed to investigate the effect of constitutive expression of @entity4 on @entity3 formation by @entity7 -dependent @entity1 MCF-7 @entity0 cells. METHODS: A full-length complementary DNA encoding the shortest isoform of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was stably transfected into MCF-7 cells. Transfected clones were screened for @entity4 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by ribonuclease protection analysis and for secretion of @entity4 protein by Western blot analysis. Secretion of biologically active @entity4 by transfectants was confirmed by 1) a competitive radioreceptor-binding assay, 2) stimulation of the growth of microvascular endothelial cells in vitro, and 3) potent angiogenic activity in the @entity6 corneal assay. @entity3 models were then established by subcutaneously implanting wild-type or @entity4 -transfected MCF-7 cells, together with either @entity5 BALB/3T3 clone A31 fibroblasts or @entity1 MDA-435S @entity0 cells, into ovariectomized @entity5 either with or without a separately implanted slow-release @entity7 pellet. @entity3 vascularity was quantitatively assessed by capillary vessel counting after staining with the pan-endothelial marker @entity10 . RESULTS: Stable @entity4 -overexpressing MCF-7 cells were isolated and designated V12 cells. When implanted into the @entity6 cornea, V12 cells elicited a strong directional outgrowth of capillaries. The growth rate of V12 cells in vitro was indistinguishable from that of MCF-7 wild-type cells. V12 cells formed faster growing @entity3 than did wild-type cells (P < .01) when xenografted subcutaneously into @entity5 with either 3T3 fibroblasts or MDA-435S cells. @entity3 formed from V12 cells were more vascular (P < .01) and showed a heterogeneous distribution of vessels when compared with the homogeneous distribution seen in @entity3 formed from wild-type cells. @entity4 overexpression had no effect on hormone dependence or @entity9 sensitivity of @entity3 formation by MCF-7 cells in @entity5 . No macroscopic evidence for @entity2 from subcutaneous implants was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 expression by @entity0 cells confers a growth advantage in vivo but not in vitro. @entity3 formed by V12 transfectants were more vascular than those formed by wild-type MCF-7 cells, and we surmise that the growth advantage arises from @entity3 vascularization induced by @entity4 . IMPLICATIONS: @entity3 formation by V12 cells could provide a useful model for the assessment of anti-angiogenic drugs.

title: Enhancement of @entity3 growth and vascular density by transfection of vascular endothelial cell growth factor into MCF-7 @entity1 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a secreted endothelial-specific growth factor that is angiogenic in vivo. It is commonly expressed in a range of @entity8 . PURPOSE: The study was designed to investigate the effect of constitutive expression of @entity4 on @entity3 formation by @entity7 -dependent @entity1 MCF-7 @entity0 cells. METHODS: A full-length complementary DNA encoding the shortest isoform of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was stably transfected into MCF-7 cells. Transfected clones were screened for @entity4 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by ribonuclease protection analysis and for secretion of @entity4 protein by Western blot analysis. Secretion of biologically active @entity4 by transfectants was confirmed by 1) a competitive radioreceptor-binding assay, 2) stimulation of the growth of microvascular endothelial cells in vitro, and 3) potent angiogenic activity in the @entity6 corneal assay. @entity3 models were then established by subcutaneously implanting wild-type or @entity4 -transfected MCF-7 cells, together with either @entity5 BALB/3T3 clone A31 fibroblasts or @entity1 MDA-435S @entity0 cells, into ovariectomized @entity5 either with or without a separately implanted slow-release @entity7 pellet. @entity3 vascularity was quantitatively assessed by capillary vessel counting after staining with the pan-endothelial marker @entity10 . RESULTS: Stable @entity4 -overexpressing MCF-7 cells were isolated and designated V12 cells. When implanted into the @entity6 cornea, V12 cells elicited a strong directional outgrowth of capillaries. The growth rate of V12 cells in vitro was indistinguishable from that of MCF-7 wild-type cells. V12 cells formed faster growing @entity3 than did wild-type cells (P < .01) when xenografted subcutaneously into @entity5 with either 3T3 fibroblasts or MDA-435S cells. @entity3 formed from V12 cells were more vascular (P < .01) and showed a heterogeneous distribution of vessels when compared with the homogeneous distribution seen in @entity3 formed from wild-type cells. @entity4 overexpression had no effect on hormone dependence or @entity9 sensitivity of @entity3 formation by MCF-7 cells in @entity5 . No macroscopic evidence for @entity2 from subcutaneous implants was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 expression by @entity0 cells confers a growth advantage in vivo but not in vitro. @entity3 formed by V12 transfectants were more vascular than those formed by wild-type MCF-7 cells, and we surmise that the growth advantage arises from @entity3 vascularization induced by @entity4 . IMPLICATIONS: @entity3 formation by V12 cells could provide a useful model for the assessment of anti-angiogenic drugs.

title: Enhancement of XXXX growth and vascular density by transfection of vascular endothelial cell growth factor into MCF-7 @entity1 @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a secreted endothelial-specific growth factor that is angiogenic in vivo. It is commonly expressed in a range of @entity8 . PURPOSE: The study was designed to investigate the effect of constitutive expression of @entity4 on @entity3 formation by @entity7 -dependent @entity1 MCF-7 @entity0 cells. METHODS: A full-length complementary DNA encoding the shortest isoform of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was stably transfected into MCF-7 cells. Transfected clones were screened for @entity4 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression by ribonuclease protection analysis and for secretion of @entity4 protein by Western blot analysis. Secretion of biologically active @entity4 by transfectants was confirmed by 1) a competitive radioreceptor-binding assay, 2) stimulation of the growth of microvascular endothelial cells in vitro, and 3) potent angiogenic activity in the @entity6 corneal assay. @entity3 models were then established by subcutaneously implanting wild-type or @entity4 -transfected MCF-7 cells, together with either @entity5 BALB/3T3 clone A31 fibroblasts or @entity1 MDA-435S @entity0 cells, into ovariectomized @entity5 either with or without a separately implanted slow-release @entity7 pellet. @entity3 vascularity was quantitatively assessed by capillary vessel counting after staining with the pan-endothelial marker @entity10 . RESULTS: Stable @entity4 -overexpressing MCF-7 cells were isolated and designated V12 cells. When implanted into the @entity6 cornea, V12 cells elicited a strong directional outgrowth of capillaries. The growth rate of V12 cells in vitro was indistinguishable from that of MCF-7 wild-type cells. V12 cells formed faster growing @entity3 than did wild-type cells (P < .01) when xenografted subcutaneously into @entity5 with either 3T3 fibroblasts or MDA-435S cells. @entity3 formed from V12 cells were more vascular (P < .01) and showed a heterogeneous distribution of vessels when compared with the homogeneous distribution seen in @entity3 formed from wild-type cells. @entity4 overexpression had no effect on hormone dependence or @entity9 sensitivity of @entity3 formation by MCF-7 cells in @entity5 . No macroscopic evidence for @entity2 from subcutaneous implants was obtained. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 expression by @entity0 cells confers a growth advantage in vivo but not in vitro. @entity3 formed by V12 transfectants were more vascular than those formed by wild-type MCF-7 cells, and we surmise that the growth advantage arises from @entity3 vascularization induced by @entity4 . IMPLICATIONS: @entity3 formation by V12 cells could provide a useful model for the assessment of anti-angiogenic drugs.

title: Enhancement of @entity3 growth and vascular density by transfection of vascular endothelial cell growth factor into MCF-7 XXXX @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To investigate the efficacy and safety of @entity4 laser peripheral iridoplasty (LPIP) for Chinese @entity0 with primary angle closure (PAC) or primary @entity3 (PACG) status post laser iridotomy in reversing the positive results of the dark room provocative test (DRPT). METHODS: This study was prospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. Thirty-three @entity0 (thirty-eight eyes) with PAC or PACG status post patent laser iridotomy and maintained normal intraocular pressure (IOP) but with positive DRPT results were enrolled. All the subjects were treated with @entity4 LPIP. DRPT was repeated after @entity4 LPIP. Results of DRPT were recorded. The visual acuity, IOP and gonioscopy were analyzed before and after @entity4 LPIP. A minimum time limit for follow-up was 6mo. RESULTS: Thirty-three @entity0 (thirty-eight eyes) were followed for 17.7  8.37mo (range 7-41mo) after LPIP. Positive results of DRPT decreased from 38 eyes to 9 eyes (23.7%) after LPIP. @entity2 (89.5%) remained unchanged at dynamic gonioscopy throughout the follow-up period after LPIP. CONCLUSION: LPIP decreased positive rates of the DRPT significantly. The mechanism may be that LPIP minimized contact between the peripheral iris and trabecular meshwork, which is a key factor for developing @entity1 .

title: Evaluation of the efficacy of laser peripheral iridoplasty in reversing the darkroom provocative test result in Chinese XXXX with primary angle closure status post laser iridotomy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The gene encoding proglucagon is expressed predominantly in the pancreas and intestine. The physiological importance of glucagon secreted from the islets of Langerhans has engendered considerable interest in the molecular control of proglucagon gene transcription in the endocrine pancreas. In contrast, little is known about the molecular control of proglucagon gene expression in the intestine. The recent demonstration that @entity5 ( @entity5 ) secreted from the intestine is a potent regulator of insulin secretion and @entity2 homeostasis has stimulated renewed interest in the factors that control @entity5 synthesis in the intestinal L-cell. To develop a model for the analysis of intestinal proglucagon gene expression, we have targeted expression of a proglucagon gene- @entity3 large T-antigen fusion gene to enteroendocrine cells in @entity0 . These @entity0 develop @entity4 that were used to derive a novel cell line, designated GLUTag, that expresses the proglucagon gene and secretes immunoreactive @entity5 in vitro. GLUTag cells demonstrate morphological characteristics of enteroendocrine cells by electron microscopy and are plurihormonal, as shown by immunocytochemistry and RNA analyses. GLUTag cells express the proglucagon and cholecystokinin genes, consistent with the pattern of lineage-specific enteroendocrine differentiation described for @entity0 intestine. Proglucagon gene expression was induced by activators of the protein kinase-A pathway, and a combination of messenger RNA half-life and nuclear run-on experiments demonstrated that the protein kinase-A-induction is mediated by an increase in proglucagon gene transcription. In contrast, activators of protein kinase-C stimulated secretion, but not biosynthesis of the PGDPs in GLUTag cell cultures. Analysis of proglucagon processing in GLUTag cells demonstrated the liberation of glucagon, oxyntomodulin, @entity6 , and multiple forms of @entity5 . These observations provide evidence for the direct induction of proglucagon gene transcription by a @entity1 -dependent pathway and suggest that the GLUTag cell line represents a useful model for the analysis of the molecular determinants of enteroendocrine gene expression.

title: Activation of proglucagon gene transcription by protein kinase-A in a novel XXXX enteroendocrine cell line.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 is a @entity1 with high mortality. Adequate oncological therapy is essential to modify the poor prognosis. Transcatheter @entity6 has been proposed as a useful and well-tolerated treatment for unresectable @entity4 . In the study 51 @entity0 with unresectable @entity4 (mean age 61.6, range 45-81, @entity0 -Pugh A = 34 @entity0 , @entity0 -B = 13, @entity0 -C = 4; Okuda I = 33 @entity0 , Okuda II = 18) underwent chemoembolisation. A total of 122 procedure were performed, with a median number of 2.4 (range 1-6) per @entity0 . One and two year survivals are 91% and 74% respectively ( @entity0 -A: 100% and 82%; @entity0 -B: 100% and 63%; @entity0 -C 0% at 1 year). The difference among the 3 groups is statistically significant (p = 0.001). Median overall survival is 20 months, with 22, 20 and 6 month in @entity0 -A, B and C @entity0 respectively (p = 0.006). Commonly reported side effects and biochemical changes included: fever, @entity3 and increased serum amylase, transaminase levels. One @entity0 developed a @entity9 and died of @entity7 . In addition, in 18 @entity0 (35%) mild to severe changes in @entity5 metabolism were also observed. Mild @entity8 was observed in 14 @entity0 , with severe derangement in 4 @entity0 (8%). It is suggested that careful evaluation of @entity5 metabolism is advisable in @entity0 being considered for chemoembolisation. Their results confirm the usefulness of chemoembolisation in @entity0 -A and B @entity0 with unresectable @entity2 .

title: [Local transcatheter arterial chemoembolization in the palliative treatment of inoperable XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity8 normally causes mucous and @entity3 stool as predominant symptoms, thus leading to a course of @entity6 . However, though rare, there exists a fulminating type that causes @entity9 due to wide @entity1 of the large intestine. We encountered a case of @entity8 that lead to death due to multiple large @entity9 . The @entity0 was a 72-year-old female. The @entity0 was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity3 . She continued to have a @entity2 of over 38 degrees C and increased left @entity5 . An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed free gas on the abdominal side of the kidney. Therefore, gastrointestinal perforations were diagnosed and surgery was performed. In surgery, many perforated parts were observed from the appendix to the descending colon, and subtotal colectomy was performed. However, @entity4 and disseminated @entity7 occurred, and the @entity0 died on the eighth postoperative day.

title: A case of @entity8 with multiple large XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity8 normally causes mucous and @entity3 stool as predominant symptoms, thus leading to a course of @entity6 . However, though rare, there exists a fulminating type that causes @entity9 due to wide @entity1 of the large intestine. We encountered a case of @entity8 that lead to death due to multiple large @entity9 . The @entity0 was a 72-year-old female. The @entity0 was admitted to our hospital with symptoms of @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity3 . She continued to have a @entity2 of over 38 degrees C and increased left @entity5 . An abdominal computed tomography scan revealed free gas on the abdominal side of the kidney. Therefore, gastrointestinal perforations were diagnosed and surgery was performed. In surgery, many perforated parts were observed from the appendix to the descending colon, and subtotal colectomy was performed. However, @entity4 and disseminated @entity7 occurred, and the @entity0 died on the eighth postoperative day.

title: A case of XXXX with multiple large @entity9 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity6 of the @entity2 is poorly responsive to most chemotherapy regimens. @entity9 and @entity8 are effective single agents with non-overlapping @entity3 ; therefore, we sought to explore the efficacy of this regimen in a phase II study. In the second stage of the study, @entity0 who did not respond to @entity9 and @entity8 were given treatment with @entity5 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with recurrent @entity6 of the @entity2 were treated with @entity9 400 mg/m2 followed by @entity8 15 units intravenously as a continuous infusion for 4 days. @entity0 with no @entity1 response after 3 cycles of @entity9 and @entity8 were crossed-over to receive @entity5 100 mg/m2 and @entity7 1000 mg/m2/day continuous infusion for 5 days. RESULTS: Among the 20 @entity9 - @entity8 @entity0 evaluable for @entity3 , no cases of grade 4 @entity10 were reported and grade 3 or 4 @entity4 developed in only three @entity0 . Three partial responses occurred among the 19 @entity0 (16%) [95% C.I. 0% to 32%] evaluable for response to @entity9 - @entity8 . None of the 11 @entity0 crossed-over to @entity5 and @entity7 had a major response. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity9 and @entity8 is well tolerated in @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 , but the activity does not appear to be superior to the activity of either agent alone. @entity0 who did not respond to @entity9 and @entity8 were also resistant to the @entity5 and @entity7 regimen.

title: Phase II study of @entity9 and continuous infusion @entity8 followed by XXXX and @entity7 in recurrent @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity6 of the @entity2 is poorly responsive to most chemotherapy regimens. @entity9 and @entity8 are effective single agents with non-overlapping @entity3 ; therefore, we sought to explore the efficacy of this regimen in a phase II study. In the second stage of the study, @entity0 who did not respond to @entity9 and @entity8 were given treatment with @entity5 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with recurrent @entity6 of the @entity2 were treated with @entity9 400 mg/m2 followed by @entity8 15 units intravenously as a continuous infusion for 4 days. @entity0 with no @entity1 response after 3 cycles of @entity9 and @entity8 were crossed-over to receive @entity5 100 mg/m2 and @entity7 1000 mg/m2/day continuous infusion for 5 days. RESULTS: Among the 20 @entity9 - @entity8 @entity0 evaluable for @entity3 , no cases of grade 4 @entity10 were reported and grade 3 or 4 @entity4 developed in only three @entity0 . Three partial responses occurred among the 19 @entity0 (16%) [95% C.I. 0% to 32%] evaluable for response to @entity9 - @entity8 . None of the 11 @entity0 crossed-over to @entity5 and @entity7 had a major response. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity9 and @entity8 is well tolerated in @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 , but the activity does not appear to be superior to the activity of either agent alone. @entity0 who did not respond to @entity9 and @entity8 were also resistant to the @entity5 and @entity7 regimen.

title: Phase II study of @entity9 and continuous infusion @entity8 followed by @entity5 and @entity7 in recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity6 of the @entity2 is poorly responsive to most chemotherapy regimens. @entity9 and @entity8 are effective single agents with non-overlapping @entity3 ; therefore, we sought to explore the efficacy of this regimen in a phase II study. In the second stage of the study, @entity0 who did not respond to @entity9 and @entity8 were given treatment with @entity5 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with recurrent @entity6 of the @entity2 were treated with @entity9 400 mg/m2 followed by @entity8 15 units intravenously as a continuous infusion for 4 days. @entity0 with no @entity1 response after 3 cycles of @entity9 and @entity8 were crossed-over to receive @entity5 100 mg/m2 and @entity7 1000 mg/m2/day continuous infusion for 5 days. RESULTS: Among the 20 @entity9 - @entity8 @entity0 evaluable for @entity3 , no cases of grade 4 @entity10 were reported and grade 3 or 4 @entity4 developed in only three @entity0 . Three partial responses occurred among the 19 @entity0 (16%) [95% C.I. 0% to 32%] evaluable for response to @entity9 - @entity8 . None of the 11 @entity0 crossed-over to @entity5 and @entity7 had a major response. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity9 and @entity8 is well tolerated in @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 , but the activity does not appear to be superior to the activity of either agent alone. @entity0 who did not respond to @entity9 and @entity8 were also resistant to the @entity5 and @entity7 regimen.

title: Phase II study of XXXX and continuous infusion @entity8 followed by @entity5 and @entity7 in recurrent @entity2 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity6 of the @entity2 is poorly responsive to most chemotherapy regimens. @entity9 and @entity8 are effective single agents with non-overlapping @entity3 ; therefore, we sought to explore the efficacy of this regimen in a phase II study. In the second stage of the study, @entity0 who did not respond to @entity9 and @entity8 were given treatment with @entity5 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with recurrent @entity6 of the @entity2 were treated with @entity9 400 mg/m2 followed by @entity8 15 units intravenously as a continuous infusion for 4 days. @entity0 with no @entity1 response after 3 cycles of @entity9 and @entity8 were crossed-over to receive @entity5 100 mg/m2 and @entity7 1000 mg/m2/day continuous infusion for 5 days. RESULTS: Among the 20 @entity9 - @entity8 @entity0 evaluable for @entity3 , no cases of grade 4 @entity10 were reported and grade 3 or 4 @entity4 developed in only three @entity0 . Three partial responses occurred among the 19 @entity0 (16%) [95% C.I. 0% to 32%] evaluable for response to @entity9 - @entity8 . None of the 11 @entity0 crossed-over to @entity5 and @entity7 had a major response. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity9 and @entity8 is well tolerated in @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 , but the activity does not appear to be superior to the activity of either agent alone. @entity0 who did not respond to @entity9 and @entity8 were also resistant to the @entity5 and @entity7 regimen.

title: Phase II study of @entity9 and continuous infusion @entity8 followed by @entity5 and XXXX in recurrent @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity6 of the @entity2 is poorly responsive to most chemotherapy regimens. @entity9 and @entity8 are effective single agents with non-overlapping @entity3 ; therefore, we sought to explore the efficacy of this regimen in a phase II study. In the second stage of the study, @entity0 who did not respond to @entity9 and @entity8 were given treatment with @entity5 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with recurrent @entity6 of the @entity2 were treated with @entity9 400 mg/m2 followed by @entity8 15 units intravenously as a continuous infusion for 4 days. @entity0 with no @entity1 response after 3 cycles of @entity9 and @entity8 were crossed-over to receive @entity5 100 mg/m2 and @entity7 1000 mg/m2/day continuous infusion for 5 days. RESULTS: Among the 20 @entity9 - @entity8 @entity0 evaluable for @entity3 , no cases of grade 4 @entity10 were reported and grade 3 or 4 @entity4 developed in only three @entity0 . Three partial responses occurred among the 19 @entity0 (16%) [95% C.I. 0% to 32%] evaluable for response to @entity9 - @entity8 . None of the 11 @entity0 crossed-over to @entity5 and @entity7 had a major response. CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity9 and @entity8 is well tolerated in @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 , but the activity does not appear to be superior to the activity of either agent alone. @entity0 who did not respond to @entity9 and @entity8 were also resistant to the @entity5 and @entity7 regimen.

title: Phase II study of @entity9 and continuous infusion XXXX followed by @entity5 and @entity7 in recurrent @entity2 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The putative effects of @entity1 and metabolic control on circulating levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) remain controversial. In the present study, serum levels of @entity3 and @entity6 and @entity8 were measured in 58 @entity0 (age, 0.8-17 yr) with treated (51 subjects) or untreated (7 subjects) @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and were compared with the levels in normal subjects. In the untreated @entity0 @entity3 and @entity6 were decreased as compared with the healthy controls. In the treated diabetics @entity3 and @entity6 were reduced; @entity7 (only in prepubertal subjects) and @entity5 were increased. Furthermore, age-adjusted values of @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity5 were lower in prepubertal than in pubertal @entity0 . Regression analysis revealed a negative correlation between hemoglobin (Hb)A1c and standard deviation scores ( @entity2 ) of @entity3 and a positive association between HbA1c and IGFBP-1 @entity2 or @entity7 @entity2 . In the treated @entity0 HbA1c was positively related to IGFBP-1 @entity2 and @entity7 @entity2 when applying simple regression analysis and to @entity7 @entity2 when using a multiple regression model. Strong correlations were observed between height @entity2 and @entity3 @entity2 , @entity6 @entity2 , and @entity5 @entity2 in prepubertal subjects who had had @entity4 for at least 2 yr, but not in adolescents. Such correlations have also been found in healthy @entity0 and adolescents. In conclusion; 1) @entity4 is associated with alterations of the IGF-IGFBP system, which are partially accounted for by differences in metabolic control and pubertal status; 2) the lower plasma concentrations of serum @entity3 may play a role in the pathogenesis of growth impairment of poorly controlled prepubertal, but not pubertal, @entity0 and adolescents with @entity4 ; and 3) in addition, a potential role of the altered IGF-IGFBP system for the development of @entity1 late complications is hypothesized.

title: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II and @entity8 in @entity0 and adolescents with XXXX : correlation with metabolic control and height attainment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The putative effects of @entity1 and metabolic control on circulating levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) remain controversial. In the present study, serum levels of @entity3 and @entity6 and @entity8 were measured in 58 @entity0 (age, 0.8-17 yr) with treated (51 subjects) or untreated (7 subjects) @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and were compared with the levels in normal subjects. In the untreated @entity0 @entity3 and @entity6 were decreased as compared with the healthy controls. In the treated diabetics @entity3 and @entity6 were reduced; @entity7 (only in prepubertal subjects) and @entity5 were increased. Furthermore, age-adjusted values of @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity5 were lower in prepubertal than in pubertal @entity0 . Regression analysis revealed a negative correlation between hemoglobin (Hb)A1c and standard deviation scores ( @entity2 ) of @entity3 and a positive association between HbA1c and IGFBP-1 @entity2 or @entity7 @entity2 . In the treated @entity0 HbA1c was positively related to IGFBP-1 @entity2 and @entity7 @entity2 when applying simple regression analysis and to @entity7 @entity2 when using a multiple regression model. Strong correlations were observed between height @entity2 and @entity3 @entity2 , @entity6 @entity2 , and @entity5 @entity2 in prepubertal subjects who had had @entity4 for at least 2 yr, but not in adolescents. Such correlations have also been found in healthy @entity0 and adolescents. In conclusion; 1) @entity4 is associated with alterations of the IGF-IGFBP system, which are partially accounted for by differences in metabolic control and pubertal status; 2) the lower plasma concentrations of serum @entity3 may play a role in the pathogenesis of growth impairment of poorly controlled prepubertal, but not pubertal, @entity0 and adolescents with @entity4 ; and 3) in addition, a potential role of the altered IGF-IGFBP system for the development of @entity1 late complications is hypothesized.

title: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II and XXXX in @entity0 and adolescents with @entity1 : correlation with metabolic control and height attainment.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The putative effects of @entity1 and metabolic control on circulating levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and their binding proteins (IGFBPs) remain controversial. In the present study, serum levels of @entity3 and @entity6 and @entity8 were measured in 58 @entity0 (age, 0.8-17 yr) with treated (51 subjects) or untreated (7 subjects) @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and were compared with the levels in normal subjects. In the untreated @entity0 @entity3 and @entity6 were decreased as compared with the healthy controls. In the treated diabetics @entity3 and @entity6 were reduced; @entity7 (only in prepubertal subjects) and @entity5 were increased. Furthermore, age-adjusted values of @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity5 were lower in prepubertal than in pubertal @entity0 . Regression analysis revealed a negative correlation between hemoglobin (Hb)A1c and standard deviation scores ( @entity2 ) of @entity3 and a positive association between HbA1c and IGFBP-1 @entity2 or @entity7 @entity2 . In the treated @entity0 HbA1c was positively related to IGFBP-1 @entity2 and @entity7 @entity2 when applying simple regression analysis and to @entity7 @entity2 when using a multiple regression model. Strong correlations were observed between height @entity2 and @entity3 @entity2 , @entity6 @entity2 , and @entity5 @entity2 in prepubertal subjects who had had @entity4 for at least 2 yr, but not in adolescents. Such correlations have also been found in healthy @entity0 and adolescents. In conclusion; 1) @entity4 is associated with alterations of the IGF-IGFBP system, which are partially accounted for by differences in metabolic control and pubertal status; 2) the lower plasma concentrations of serum @entity3 may play a role in the pathogenesis of growth impairment of poorly controlled prepubertal, but not pubertal, @entity0 and adolescents with @entity4 ; and 3) in addition, a potential role of the altered IGF-IGFBP system for the development of @entity1 late complications is hypothesized.

title: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and -II and @entity8 in XXXX and adolescents with @entity1 : correlation with metabolic control and height attainment.

answer: @entity0