abstract: Cell division cycle (cdc) mutants of @entity0 were used to determine the most effective stage for the directional control of cell budding using an electric stimulus. The selected mutants were @entity2 and @entity1 , which could be reversibly arrested before spindle pole body satellite formation (SPBSF) and spindle pole body duplication (SPBD), respectively. The budding direction (theta) was defined so that the direction parallel to that of the electric field was 0 degree. Considering the symmetry of the experimental conditions, the range of theta was defined as 0-90 degrees. The electric stimulus applied in the present study was alternating pulses (pulse height, +/- 15 V; pulse width at half pulse height, 5 microseconds; frequency; 10 kHz). The peak height of the cross membrane potential was estimated as 472 mV, which was sufficient to induce considerable strain in the cell membrane. In the case of @entity2 , the 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of the budding direction was 7-25 degrees when subjected to electric stimulus, while the 95% CI of the budding direction without electric stimulus was 35-57 degrees. In the case of @entity1 , 95% CI values of the budding direction with and without electric stimulus were 1229 degrees and 23-56 degrees, respectively. These results demonstrate that the stage after SPBD is effective for the directional control of @entity0 cell budding using an electric stimulus. Simultaneously, an electric stimulus reduced the cell budding time of both the cdc mutants used. Therefore, the electric stimulus was also effective in promoting cell cycle progression under the present conditions.

title: Effective stage in the cell cycle for control of the budding direction of cdc mutants of XXXX using electric stimulus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 and conduction disturbances are not infrequently observed in association with acute MI. The sinus node artery is supplied by the right coronary circulation only slightly more often than the left. As a result of concomitant vagotonia, however, @entity6 is more common with inferior @entity5 . This influence, as well as a predominantly right-sided circulation, also makes AV @entity1 more frequent with such @entity5 . @entity4 due to @entity6 often require only observation. If symptomatic, they are usually responsive to vagolytic or chronotropic drugs, but may necessitate pacemaker therapy often only on a temporary basis. The distal conduction system including the bundle branches is supplied mainly, but not exclusively, by the left anterior descending artery. Thus, @entity7 is often associated with anterior MI. The indications for both temporary and permanent prophylactic pacing in this situation remain controversial. Several authors have made recommendations based on risk stratification. We would temporarily pace @entity0 with anterior or indeterminate @entity5 and new right or @entity2 , and probably those with @entity7 of indeterminate age. All @entity0 with new bilateral or @entity7 should be paced, regardless of @entity5 site. Permanent prophylactic pacing would appear indicated in @entity0 exhibiting @entity7 or perhaps new @entity2 and @entity3 . In contrast to this group, the treatment of @entity0 who develop @entity1 , whether transient or permanent, is clear-cut. These @entity0 require continuous (temporary followed without interruption by permanent) pacemaker therapy (Table 3).

title: XXXX , @entity1 , and indications for pacing in acute myocardial infarction.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 and conduction disturbances are not infrequently observed in association with acute MI. The sinus node artery is supplied by the right coronary circulation only slightly more often than the left. As a result of concomitant vagotonia, however, @entity6 is more common with inferior @entity5 . This influence, as well as a predominantly right-sided circulation, also makes AV @entity1 more frequent with such @entity5 . @entity4 due to @entity6 often require only observation. If symptomatic, they are usually responsive to vagolytic or chronotropic drugs, but may necessitate pacemaker therapy often only on a temporary basis. The distal conduction system including the bundle branches is supplied mainly, but not exclusively, by the left anterior descending artery. Thus, @entity7 is often associated with anterior MI. The indications for both temporary and permanent prophylactic pacing in this situation remain controversial. Several authors have made recommendations based on risk stratification. We would temporarily pace @entity0 with anterior or indeterminate @entity5 and new right or @entity2 , and probably those with @entity7 of indeterminate age. All @entity0 with new bilateral or @entity7 should be paced, regardless of @entity5 site. Permanent prophylactic pacing would appear indicated in @entity0 exhibiting @entity7 or perhaps new @entity2 and @entity3 . In contrast to this group, the treatment of @entity0 who develop @entity1 , whether transient or permanent, is clear-cut. These @entity0 require continuous (temporary followed without interruption by permanent) pacemaker therapy (Table 3).

title: @entity4 , XXXX , and indications for pacing in acute myocardial infarction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Burned @entity0 demonstrate resistance to the effects of non-depolarizing blocking drugs as a result of @entity2 receptor changes. They also have decreased activity of plasma cholinesterase (PCHE), which metabolizes mivacurium. We hypothesized that decreased PCHE activity would decrease metabolism of mivacurium, and counteract the receptor-related resistance following burns. METHODS: Thirteen burned @entity0 and six controls, aged 13-18 yr were followed in 27 studies. The burned @entity0 were sub-classified as having 10-30% or >30% body surface area burn and were studied whenever possible at < or =6 days, and at 1-12 weeks after the burn. Mivacurium pharmacodynamics were examined following a bolus (0.15 mg kg(-1)) dose, and during and after a continuous infusion. RESULTS: Following a bolus, the onset time and the maximal effect were similar to controls. Recovery was prolonged in the 10-30% burn group at 1-12 weeks (P<0.008), with a similar trend in the >30% burn group at < or =6 days (P<0.082) compared with controls. The infusion requirements for mivacurium were not increased in the burned groups. The PCHE activity was decreased in all burn groups and was inversely related to recovery following the bolus (r=0.73, P<0.001) and the infusion (r=0.69, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In contrast to previous studies with non-depolarizers in burned @entity0 , normal mivacurium doses can produce paralysis, at least as rapidly as in controls, but with a possibility of a prolonged recovery from block. The standard dose of @entity4 in the presence of decreased PCHE activity is in effect, a relative @entity3 that explains the above findings. @entity4 is an effective drug for use in burns, irrespective of time after, or magnitude of @entity1 .

title: Pharmacodynamics of XXXX in 13- to 18-yr-old adolescents with @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Burned @entity0 demonstrate resistance to the effects of non-depolarizing blocking drugs as a result of @entity2 receptor changes. They also have decreased activity of plasma cholinesterase (PCHE), which metabolizes mivacurium. We hypothesized that decreased PCHE activity would decrease metabolism of mivacurium, and counteract the receptor-related resistance following burns. METHODS: Thirteen burned @entity0 and six controls, aged 13-18 yr were followed in 27 studies. The burned @entity0 were sub-classified as having 10-30% or >30% body surface area burn and were studied whenever possible at < or =6 days, and at 1-12 weeks after the burn. Mivacurium pharmacodynamics were examined following a bolus (0.15 mg kg(-1)) dose, and during and after a continuous infusion. RESULTS: Following a bolus, the onset time and the maximal effect were similar to controls. Recovery was prolonged in the 10-30% burn group at 1-12 weeks (P<0.008), with a similar trend in the >30% burn group at < or =6 days (P<0.082) compared with controls. The infusion requirements for mivacurium were not increased in the burned groups. The PCHE activity was decreased in all burn groups and was inversely related to recovery following the bolus (r=0.73, P<0.001) and the infusion (r=0.69, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: In contrast to previous studies with non-depolarizers in burned @entity0 , normal mivacurium doses can produce paralysis, at least as rapidly as in controls, but with a possibility of a prolonged recovery from block. The standard dose of @entity4 in the presence of decreased PCHE activity is in effect, a relative @entity3 that explains the above findings. @entity4 is an effective drug for use in burns, irrespective of time after, or magnitude of @entity1 .

title: Pharmacodynamics of @entity4 in 13- to 18-yr-old adolescents with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Comparison of the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists with different ancillary properties may help to clarify the antihypertensive mechanism of these drugs. Under strict basal conditions, the effects of @entity7 (400 mg b.i.d.), @entity5 (100 mg b.i.d.), @entity6 (10 mg b.i.d.), and @entity4 (80 mg t.i.d.), were studied for the first 24 hours in 40 @entity1 @entity0 . With @entity6 , mean arterial pressure was reduced (p less than 0.05) 1 hour after administration, whereas the cardiac index and the systemic vascular resistance index did not change. With the other three drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was delayed 2-3 hours. With these drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was preceded by a rise in the resistance index, which compensated for the initial fall in cardiac index. With each drug, the decrements in mean arterial pressure were associated with parallel decrements in the resistance index, and percent changes in mean arterial pressure and the resistance index were always significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated. At the end of the 24-hour period, the four drugs shared an equal antihypertensive effect, which varied 14-17%. This was associated with a return of the cardiac index toward control values by @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity4 treatment and a moderately increased cardiac index above pretreatment values (13%, p less than 0.01) with @entity6 . The secondary rise in the cardiac index was inversely correlated (p less than 0.001) with the fall in mean arterial pressure with all four drugs. Plasma @entity2 was maximally suppressed 2 hours after treatment, thus before any change in mean arterial pressure had occurred with @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity4 . Pretreatment values of active @entity2 and the reduction of mean arterial pressure 24 hours after administration were not correlated in any of the four groups. Despite the "vasodilator" action of the four drugs, plasma @entity3 did not rise. Our data show that the main hemodynamic change that occurs at the time blood pressure falls after beta-adrenoceptor antagonism is vasodilation. Neither autoregulation of blood flow nor @entity2 suppression can explain this vasodilator action. The absence of an increase in @entity3 , despite vasodilation, suggests that beta-adrenoceptor antagonism interferes with sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity. This effect may explain the vasodilator and antihypertensive potential of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists.

title: Hemodynamic and hormonal adaptations to beta-adrenoceptor blockade. A 24-hour study of @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and XXXX in @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Comparison of the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists with different ancillary properties may help to clarify the antihypertensive mechanism of these drugs. Under strict basal conditions, the effects of @entity7 (400 mg b.i.d.), @entity5 (100 mg b.i.d.), @entity6 (10 mg b.i.d.), and @entity4 (80 mg t.i.d.), were studied for the first 24 hours in 40 @entity1 @entity0 . With @entity6 , mean arterial pressure was reduced (p less than 0.05) 1 hour after administration, whereas the cardiac index and the systemic vascular resistance index did not change. With the other three drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was delayed 2-3 hours. With these drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was preceded by a rise in the resistance index, which compensated for the initial fall in cardiac index. With each drug, the decrements in mean arterial pressure were associated with parallel decrements in the resistance index, and percent changes in mean arterial pressure and the resistance index were always significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated. At the end of the 24-hour period, the four drugs shared an equal antihypertensive effect, which varied 14-17%. This was associated with a return of the cardiac index toward control values by @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity4 treatment and a moderately increased cardiac index above pretreatment values (13%, p less than 0.01) with @entity6 . The secondary rise in the cardiac index was inversely correlated (p less than 0.001) with the fall in mean arterial pressure with all four drugs. Plasma @entity2 was maximally suppressed 2 hours after treatment, thus before any change in mean arterial pressure had occurred with @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity4 . Pretreatment values of active @entity2 and the reduction of mean arterial pressure 24 hours after administration were not correlated in any of the four groups. Despite the "vasodilator" action of the four drugs, plasma @entity3 did not rise. Our data show that the main hemodynamic change that occurs at the time blood pressure falls after beta-adrenoceptor antagonism is vasodilation. Neither autoregulation of blood flow nor @entity2 suppression can explain this vasodilator action. The absence of an increase in @entity3 , despite vasodilation, suggests that beta-adrenoceptor antagonism interferes with sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity. This effect may explain the vasodilator and antihypertensive potential of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists.

title: Hemodynamic and hormonal adaptations to beta-adrenoceptor blockade. A 24-hour study of @entity7 , XXXX , @entity6 , and @entity4 in @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Comparison of the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists with different ancillary properties may help to clarify the antihypertensive mechanism of these drugs. Under strict basal conditions, the effects of @entity7 (400 mg b.i.d.), @entity5 (100 mg b.i.d.), @entity6 (10 mg b.i.d.), and @entity4 (80 mg t.i.d.), were studied for the first 24 hours in 40 @entity1 @entity0 . With @entity6 , mean arterial pressure was reduced (p less than 0.05) 1 hour after administration, whereas the cardiac index and the systemic vascular resistance index did not change. With the other three drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was delayed 2-3 hours. With these drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was preceded by a rise in the resistance index, which compensated for the initial fall in cardiac index. With each drug, the decrements in mean arterial pressure were associated with parallel decrements in the resistance index, and percent changes in mean arterial pressure and the resistance index were always significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated. At the end of the 24-hour period, the four drugs shared an equal antihypertensive effect, which varied 14-17%. This was associated with a return of the cardiac index toward control values by @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity4 treatment and a moderately increased cardiac index above pretreatment values (13%, p less than 0.01) with @entity6 . The secondary rise in the cardiac index was inversely correlated (p less than 0.001) with the fall in mean arterial pressure with all four drugs. Plasma @entity2 was maximally suppressed 2 hours after treatment, thus before any change in mean arterial pressure had occurred with @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity4 . Pretreatment values of active @entity2 and the reduction of mean arterial pressure 24 hours after administration were not correlated in any of the four groups. Despite the "vasodilator" action of the four drugs, plasma @entity3 did not rise. Our data show that the main hemodynamic change that occurs at the time blood pressure falls after beta-adrenoceptor antagonism is vasodilation. Neither autoregulation of blood flow nor @entity2 suppression can explain this vasodilator action. The absence of an increase in @entity3 , despite vasodilation, suggests that beta-adrenoceptor antagonism interferes with sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity. This effect may explain the vasodilator and antihypertensive potential of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists.

title: Hemodynamic and hormonal adaptations to beta-adrenoceptor blockade. A 24-hour study of @entity7 , @entity5 , XXXX , and @entity4 in @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Comparison of the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists with different ancillary properties may help to clarify the antihypertensive mechanism of these drugs. Under strict basal conditions, the effects of @entity7 (400 mg b.i.d.), @entity5 (100 mg b.i.d.), @entity6 (10 mg b.i.d.), and @entity4 (80 mg t.i.d.), were studied for the first 24 hours in 40 @entity1 @entity0 . With @entity6 , mean arterial pressure was reduced (p less than 0.05) 1 hour after administration, whereas the cardiac index and the systemic vascular resistance index did not change. With the other three drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was delayed 2-3 hours. With these drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was preceded by a rise in the resistance index, which compensated for the initial fall in cardiac index. With each drug, the decrements in mean arterial pressure were associated with parallel decrements in the resistance index, and percent changes in mean arterial pressure and the resistance index were always significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated. At the end of the 24-hour period, the four drugs shared an equal antihypertensive effect, which varied 14-17%. This was associated with a return of the cardiac index toward control values by @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity4 treatment and a moderately increased cardiac index above pretreatment values (13%, p less than 0.01) with @entity6 . The secondary rise in the cardiac index was inversely correlated (p less than 0.001) with the fall in mean arterial pressure with all four drugs. Plasma @entity2 was maximally suppressed 2 hours after treatment, thus before any change in mean arterial pressure had occurred with @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity4 . Pretreatment values of active @entity2 and the reduction of mean arterial pressure 24 hours after administration were not correlated in any of the four groups. Despite the "vasodilator" action of the four drugs, plasma @entity3 did not rise. Our data show that the main hemodynamic change that occurs at the time blood pressure falls after beta-adrenoceptor antagonism is vasodilation. Neither autoregulation of blood flow nor @entity2 suppression can explain this vasodilator action. The absence of an increase in @entity3 , despite vasodilation, suggests that beta-adrenoceptor antagonism interferes with sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity. This effect may explain the vasodilator and antihypertensive potential of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists.

title: Hemodynamic and hormonal adaptations to beta-adrenoceptor blockade. A 24-hour study of XXXX , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity4 in @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Comparison of the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists with different ancillary properties may help to clarify the antihypertensive mechanism of these drugs. Under strict basal conditions, the effects of @entity7 (400 mg b.i.d.), @entity5 (100 mg b.i.d.), @entity6 (10 mg b.i.d.), and @entity4 (80 mg t.i.d.), were studied for the first 24 hours in 40 @entity1 @entity0 . With @entity6 , mean arterial pressure was reduced (p less than 0.05) 1 hour after administration, whereas the cardiac index and the systemic vascular resistance index did not change. With the other three drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was delayed 2-3 hours. With these drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was preceded by a rise in the resistance index, which compensated for the initial fall in cardiac index. With each drug, the decrements in mean arterial pressure were associated with parallel decrements in the resistance index, and percent changes in mean arterial pressure and the resistance index were always significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated. At the end of the 24-hour period, the four drugs shared an equal antihypertensive effect, which varied 14-17%. This was associated with a return of the cardiac index toward control values by @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity4 treatment and a moderately increased cardiac index above pretreatment values (13%, p less than 0.01) with @entity6 . The secondary rise in the cardiac index was inversely correlated (p less than 0.001) with the fall in mean arterial pressure with all four drugs. Plasma @entity2 was maximally suppressed 2 hours after treatment, thus before any change in mean arterial pressure had occurred with @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity4 . Pretreatment values of active @entity2 and the reduction of mean arterial pressure 24 hours after administration were not correlated in any of the four groups. Despite the "vasodilator" action of the four drugs, plasma @entity3 did not rise. Our data show that the main hemodynamic change that occurs at the time blood pressure falls after beta-adrenoceptor antagonism is vasodilation. Neither autoregulation of blood flow nor @entity2 suppression can explain this vasodilator action. The absence of an increase in @entity3 , despite vasodilation, suggests that beta-adrenoceptor antagonism interferes with sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity. This effect may explain the vasodilator and antihypertensive potential of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists.

title: Hemodynamic and hormonal adaptations to beta-adrenoceptor blockade. A 24-hour study of @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity4 in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Comparison of the hemodynamic and hormonal effects of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists with different ancillary properties may help to clarify the antihypertensive mechanism of these drugs. Under strict basal conditions, the effects of @entity7 (400 mg b.i.d.), @entity5 (100 mg b.i.d.), @entity6 (10 mg b.i.d.), and @entity4 (80 mg t.i.d.), were studied for the first 24 hours in 40 @entity1 @entity0 . With @entity6 , mean arterial pressure was reduced (p less than 0.05) 1 hour after administration, whereas the cardiac index and the systemic vascular resistance index did not change. With the other three drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was delayed 2-3 hours. With these drugs, the fall in mean arterial pressure was preceded by a rise in the resistance index, which compensated for the initial fall in cardiac index. With each drug, the decrements in mean arterial pressure were associated with parallel decrements in the resistance index, and percent changes in mean arterial pressure and the resistance index were always significantly (p less than 0.001) correlated. At the end of the 24-hour period, the four drugs shared an equal antihypertensive effect, which varied 14-17%. This was associated with a return of the cardiac index toward control values by @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity4 treatment and a moderately increased cardiac index above pretreatment values (13%, p less than 0.01) with @entity6 . The secondary rise in the cardiac index was inversely correlated (p less than 0.001) with the fall in mean arterial pressure with all four drugs. Plasma @entity2 was maximally suppressed 2 hours after treatment, thus before any change in mean arterial pressure had occurred with @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity4 . Pretreatment values of active @entity2 and the reduction of mean arterial pressure 24 hours after administration were not correlated in any of the four groups. Despite the "vasodilator" action of the four drugs, plasma @entity3 did not rise. Our data show that the main hemodynamic change that occurs at the time blood pressure falls after beta-adrenoceptor antagonism is vasodilation. Neither autoregulation of blood flow nor @entity2 suppression can explain this vasodilator action. The absence of an increase in @entity3 , despite vasodilation, suggests that beta-adrenoceptor antagonism interferes with sympathetic vasoconstrictor nerve activity. This effect may explain the vasodilator and antihypertensive potential of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists.

title: Hemodynamic and hormonal adaptations to beta-adrenoceptor blockade. A 24-hour study of @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity4 in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Using a monoclonal antibody to macrophage migration inhibition factor ( @entity9 ), two proteins were isolated from supernatants of Concanavalin A-stimulated @entity0 peripheral blood mononuclear cells which seem to have complexed to a third component carrying the @entity9 activity. They are therefore designated @entity9 -related proteins or @entity8 and @entity10 according to their apparent molecular weights. Partial @entity6 sequences have been determined and their cDNA have been cloned and expressed in @entity5 . Both are @entity4 -binding proteins and @entity8 seems to be largely homologous to the @entity8 (Dorin et al., 1987). Antisera were raised in the @entity2 against the recombinant proteins and their expression in cells and tissues studied using immunohistological techniques. The proteins are only found in blood granulocytes and monocytes. In culture the number of positive monocytes sharply increased and then declined with time, suggesting that their expression is associated with early stages of monocyte/macrophage differentiation and absent from resident macrophages in all tested tissues. In acute inflammatory reactions, e.g. @entity7 , @entity8 is never seen in the tissue, whereas @entity10 is expressed by intravascular monocytes and perivascular macrophages. In contrast, in @entity1 , e.g. @entity3 , @entity8 is also expressed by macrophages in the tissue. From this it is concluded that @entity8 and @entity10 are expressed sequentially at defined stages of monocyte/macrophage differentiation and that dysregulation of this process in @entity1 is mirrored by the presence of @entity8 -positive macrophages in the tissue.

title: Two XXXX -binding proteins associated with specific stages of myeloid cell differentiation are expressed by subsets of macrophages in inflammatory tissues.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Reduced-intensity or nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation (NST) is designed to induce host-versus-graft tolerance by engraftment of donor stem cells. The rationale behind NST is to induce @entity6 (GVL) effects for elimination of all malignant cells by donor alloreactive immunocompetent cells as an alternative to standard high-dose myeloablative chemoradiotherapy. NST based on the use of @entity7 , low-dose @entity5 , and anti-T-lymphocyte globulin (ATG) was employed in 24 @entity0 aged 3 to 63 years with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in first chronic phase (CP). @entity6 ( @entity6 ) prophylaxis consisted of low-dose @entity2 (CSP), in some cases with low-dose @entity3 . Early discontinuation of CSP was attempted in cases of mixed chimerism in an attempt to amplify GVL effects. All 24 @entity0 showed rapid 3-lineage engraftment, mostly without complete @entity8 ; 6 @entity0 did not require transfusion of any blood products. NST was associated with minimal procedure-related @entity1 . The incidence of acute @entity6 (grade I or higher) was 54%; however, this incidence increased following CSP withdrawal. After a follow-up of up to 70 months (median, 42 months), 21 of 24 @entity0 remained alive and disease free. The GVL effects induced by donor immunocompetent lymphocytes eradicated all host hematopoietic cells, as evidenced by molecular testing. The Kaplan-Meier probability of survival and disease-free survival at 5 years is 85% +/- 8% (95% confidence interval, 70%-100%). NST may successfully replace myeloablative stem cell transplantation, providing a safer, well-tolerated therapeutic option for all @entity0 with @entity4 in first CP with a matched donor. However, this conclusion must be tested in a prospective randomized clinical trial.

title: Nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of XXXX in first chronic phase.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Gross excision of the @entity2 followed by radiotherapy is used for treatment of early @entity0 . Local recurrence after this form of treatment is uncommon except in @entity1 with infiltrating @entity5 whose excision specimens reveal an @entity6 ( @entity6 ). It is unclear whether this observation is due to a qualitative difference in the response of @entity2 with @entity6 to radiation or to a quantitative difference in the @entity2 burden remaining after gross excision in @entity1 with @entity6 . To address this question, the authors examined pathologic material in 71 @entity1 with infiltrating @entity5 treated with gross excision of the @entity2 and then selected for re-excision of the @entity2 site prior to radiotherapy because of the presence of either @entity6 in the primary excision specimen or microscopic @entity2 at or close to margins in the initial excision. @entity4 was seen in 62% of all @entity1 but was more frequent among the 25 @entity1 with @entity6 than the 46 without (88% vs. 48%, P = 0.002). The nature of the @entity3 differed for @entity1 with and without @entity6 in the primary excision specimen. @entity4 in @entity1 with @entity6 was often widespread and composed predominantly of @entity7 . In contrast, @entity3 in @entity1 without @entity6 usually consisted of only scattered microscopic foci of infiltrating and/or @entity7 . The authors conclude that @entity1 with @entity6 treated with gross excision of the @entity2 frequently have considerable residual @entity7 near the primary site. This finding may account for the increased risk of local recurrence observed in @entity1 with @entity6 treated without re-excision of the @entity2 site before radiation therapy.

title: Pathologic findings on re-excision of the primary site in XXXX @entity1 considered for treatment by primary radiation therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Gross excision of the @entity2 followed by radiotherapy is used for treatment of early @entity0 . Local recurrence after this form of treatment is uncommon except in @entity1 with infiltrating @entity5 whose excision specimens reveal an @entity6 ( @entity6 ). It is unclear whether this observation is due to a qualitative difference in the response of @entity2 with @entity6 to radiation or to a quantitative difference in the @entity2 burden remaining after gross excision in @entity1 with @entity6 . To address this question, the authors examined pathologic material in 71 @entity1 with infiltrating @entity5 treated with gross excision of the @entity2 and then selected for re-excision of the @entity2 site prior to radiotherapy because of the presence of either @entity6 in the primary excision specimen or microscopic @entity2 at or close to margins in the initial excision. @entity4 was seen in 62% of all @entity1 but was more frequent among the 25 @entity1 with @entity6 than the 46 without (88% vs. 48%, P = 0.002). The nature of the @entity3 differed for @entity1 with and without @entity6 in the primary excision specimen. @entity4 in @entity1 with @entity6 was often widespread and composed predominantly of @entity7 . In contrast, @entity3 in @entity1 without @entity6 usually consisted of only scattered microscopic foci of infiltrating and/or @entity7 . The authors conclude that @entity1 with @entity6 treated with gross excision of the @entity2 frequently have considerable residual @entity7 near the primary site. This finding may account for the increased risk of local recurrence observed in @entity1 with @entity6 treated without re-excision of the @entity2 site before radiation therapy.

title: Pathologic findings on re-excision of the primary site in @entity0 XXXX considered for treatment by primary radiation therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postoperative @entity2 titration frequently induces sedation. The assumption is made that @entity0 sleep when their @entity1 is relieved. Some @entity0 complain of persistent @entity1 when they awake. We studied the time-course of sedation and @entity3 to understand the determinants of @entity0 ' sleep during @entity2 titration. METHODS: Seventy-three @entity0 requiring @entity2 titration in a post-anaesthetic care unit after major surgery, were studied. Fifty-two @entity0 slept (Sleep group) and 21 did not (Awake group). When a @entity0 slept during titration, @entity2 was discontinued. Visual analogue @entity1 scale (VAS), Ramsay score (RS), and the bispectral index (BIS) were recorded at the beginning of titration (STonset), at sleep onset (STsleep), then 5, 10, 20, and 30 min afterwards ( @entity4 ). RESULTS: In the Sleep group, mean (SD) RS increased from 1.7 (0.4) to 2.4 (0.6) (P<0.05 vs STonset) and BIS decreased from 95 (5.0) to 89.8 (10.2) between STonset and STsleep (P<0.05), RS remained stable thereafter. Conversely, RS and BIS remained unaltered in the Awake group. The reduction in VAS was comparable between groups (from 78 (17) to 39 (21), and from 64 (16) to 30.4 (11), respectively). Even though mean (SD) VAS was 39 (21) at @entity4 in the Sleep group, 13 @entity0 (25%) maintained a VAS above 50 mm. CONCLUSION: We observed dissociated effects of @entity2 on the time-course of sedation and @entity3 with sedation occurring first, followed by @entity3 . Therefore, @entity2 -induced sedation should not be considered as an indicator of an appropriate correct level of @entity3 during i.v. @entity2 titration.

title: Is @entity2 -induced sedation synonymous with XXXX during intravenous @entity2 titration?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postoperative @entity2 titration frequently induces sedation. The assumption is made that @entity0 sleep when their @entity1 is relieved. Some @entity0 complain of persistent @entity1 when they awake. We studied the time-course of sedation and @entity3 to understand the determinants of @entity0 ' sleep during @entity2 titration. METHODS: Seventy-three @entity0 requiring @entity2 titration in a post-anaesthetic care unit after major surgery, were studied. Fifty-two @entity0 slept (Sleep group) and 21 did not (Awake group). When a @entity0 slept during titration, @entity2 was discontinued. Visual analogue @entity1 scale (VAS), Ramsay score (RS), and the bispectral index (BIS) were recorded at the beginning of titration (STonset), at sleep onset (STsleep), then 5, 10, 20, and 30 min afterwards ( @entity4 ). RESULTS: In the Sleep group, mean (SD) RS increased from 1.7 (0.4) to 2.4 (0.6) (P<0.05 vs STonset) and BIS decreased from 95 (5.0) to 89.8 (10.2) between STonset and STsleep (P<0.05), RS remained stable thereafter. Conversely, RS and BIS remained unaltered in the Awake group. The reduction in VAS was comparable between groups (from 78 (17) to 39 (21), and from 64 (16) to 30.4 (11), respectively). Even though mean (SD) VAS was 39 (21) at @entity4 in the Sleep group, 13 @entity0 (25%) maintained a VAS above 50 mm. CONCLUSION: We observed dissociated effects of @entity2 on the time-course of sedation and @entity3 with sedation occurring first, followed by @entity3 . Therefore, @entity2 -induced sedation should not be considered as an indicator of an appropriate correct level of @entity3 during i.v. @entity2 titration.

title: Is XXXX -induced sedation synonymous with @entity3 during intravenous @entity2 titration?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postoperative @entity2 titration frequently induces sedation. The assumption is made that @entity0 sleep when their @entity1 is relieved. Some @entity0 complain of persistent @entity1 when they awake. We studied the time-course of sedation and @entity3 to understand the determinants of @entity0 ' sleep during @entity2 titration. METHODS: Seventy-three @entity0 requiring @entity2 titration in a post-anaesthetic care unit after major surgery, were studied. Fifty-two @entity0 slept (Sleep group) and 21 did not (Awake group). When a @entity0 slept during titration, @entity2 was discontinued. Visual analogue @entity1 scale (VAS), Ramsay score (RS), and the bispectral index (BIS) were recorded at the beginning of titration (STonset), at sleep onset (STsleep), then 5, 10, 20, and 30 min afterwards ( @entity4 ). RESULTS: In the Sleep group, mean (SD) RS increased from 1.7 (0.4) to 2.4 (0.6) (P<0.05 vs STonset) and BIS decreased from 95 (5.0) to 89.8 (10.2) between STonset and STsleep (P<0.05), RS remained stable thereafter. Conversely, RS and BIS remained unaltered in the Awake group. The reduction in VAS was comparable between groups (from 78 (17) to 39 (21), and from 64 (16) to 30.4 (11), respectively). Even though mean (SD) VAS was 39 (21) at @entity4 in the Sleep group, 13 @entity0 (25%) maintained a VAS above 50 mm. CONCLUSION: We observed dissociated effects of @entity2 on the time-course of sedation and @entity3 with sedation occurring first, followed by @entity3 . Therefore, @entity2 -induced sedation should not be considered as an indicator of an appropriate correct level of @entity3 during i.v. @entity2 titration.

title: Is @entity2 -induced sedation synonymous with @entity3 during intravenous XXXX titration?

answer: @entity2


abstract: The efficacy of @entity4 --of anticholinergic effect--and the H2-receptor blocking @entity5 has been studied in duodenal @entity1 with random, double blind fashion. Recurrence examinations were carried out 6 and 12 months following the treatment. 50 @entity0 were given @entity4 and 50 @entity5 . The average age of the @entity0 was 44.5 and 43.8 years respectively. Of them 60 (24 + 36) were @entity0 and 40 (26 + 14) @entity0 . At the start, 6 weeks following the start 6 and 12 months after the finishing of the treatment gastroscopy was performed. In the course of the six-week-long treatment 38 (76%) of the @entity4 taking @entity0 and 36 (72%) of the @entity5 taking @entity0 recovered. No significant difference was found between the efficacy of the both treatments. In the respect of the half and one year recurrence, no significant difference was observed between the two @entity0 groups. Ten of the @entity0 taking @entity4 and 4 of those taking @entity5 complained of side effects. @entity3 , visual disturbance in the former group and @entity2 in the latter one. On the basis of the examinations both secretion inhibitors were found equally suitable for the therapy of duodenal @entity1 .

title: [ @entity4 and @entity5 in the treatment of duodenal XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The efficacy of @entity4 --of anticholinergic effect--and the H2-receptor blocking @entity5 has been studied in duodenal @entity1 with random, double blind fashion. Recurrence examinations were carried out 6 and 12 months following the treatment. 50 @entity0 were given @entity4 and 50 @entity5 . The average age of the @entity0 was 44.5 and 43.8 years respectively. Of them 60 (24 + 36) were @entity0 and 40 (26 + 14) @entity0 . At the start, 6 weeks following the start 6 and 12 months after the finishing of the treatment gastroscopy was performed. In the course of the six-week-long treatment 38 (76%) of the @entity4 taking @entity0 and 36 (72%) of the @entity5 taking @entity0 recovered. No significant difference was found between the efficacy of the both treatments. In the respect of the half and one year recurrence, no significant difference was observed between the two @entity0 groups. Ten of the @entity0 taking @entity4 and 4 of those taking @entity5 complained of side effects. @entity3 , visual disturbance in the former group and @entity2 in the latter one. On the basis of the examinations both secretion inhibitors were found equally suitable for the therapy of duodenal @entity1 .

title: [ @entity4 and XXXX in the treatment of duodenal @entity1 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: The efficacy of @entity4 --of anticholinergic effect--and the H2-receptor blocking @entity5 has been studied in duodenal @entity1 with random, double blind fashion. Recurrence examinations were carried out 6 and 12 months following the treatment. 50 @entity0 were given @entity4 and 50 @entity5 . The average age of the @entity0 was 44.5 and 43.8 years respectively. Of them 60 (24 + 36) were @entity0 and 40 (26 + 14) @entity0 . At the start, 6 weeks following the start 6 and 12 months after the finishing of the treatment gastroscopy was performed. In the course of the six-week-long treatment 38 (76%) of the @entity4 taking @entity0 and 36 (72%) of the @entity5 taking @entity0 recovered. No significant difference was found between the efficacy of the both treatments. In the respect of the half and one year recurrence, no significant difference was observed between the two @entity0 groups. Ten of the @entity0 taking @entity4 and 4 of those taking @entity5 complained of side effects. @entity3 , visual disturbance in the former group and @entity2 in the latter one. On the basis of the examinations both secretion inhibitors were found equally suitable for the therapy of duodenal @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX and @entity5 in the treatment of duodenal @entity1 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 1976, we initiated a randomized trial to determine whether lumpectomy with or without radiation therapy was as effective as total mastectomy for the treatment of @entity0 . METHODS: A total of 1851 @entity1 for whom follow-up data were available and nodal status was known underwent randomly assigned treatment consisting of total mastectomy, lumpectomy alone, or lumpectomy and breast irradiation. Kaplan-Meier and cumulative-incidence estimates of the outcome were obtained. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of @entity2 in the ipsilateral breast was 14.3 percent in the @entity1 who underwent lumpectomy and breast irradiation, as compared with 39.2 percent in the @entity1 who underwent lumpectomy without irradiation (P<0.001). No significant differences were observed among the three groups of @entity1 with respect to disease-free survival, distant-disease-free survival, or overall survival. The hazard ratio for @entity3 among the @entity1 who underwent lumpectomy alone, as compared with those who underwent total mastectomy, was 1.05 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.90 to 1.23; P=0.51). The hazard ratio for @entity3 among the @entity1 who underwent lumpectomy followed by breast irradiation, as compared with those who underwent total mastectomy, was 0.97 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.83 to 1.14; P=0.74). Among the lumpectomy-treated @entity1 whose surgical specimens had @entity2 -free margins, the hazard ratio for @entity3 among the @entity1 who underwent postoperative breast irradiation, as compared with those who did not, was 0.91 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.77 to 1.06; P=0.23). Radiation therapy was associated with a marginally significant decrease in deaths due to @entity0 . This decrease was partially offset by an increase in deaths from other causes. CONCLUSIONS: Lumpectomy followed by breast irradiation continues to be appropriate therapy for @entity1 with @entity0 , provided that the margins of resected specimens are free of @entity2 and an acceptable cosmetic result can be obtained.

title: Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity12 is an @entity10 derivative with mixed agonistic/antagonistic dopaminergic activity. This led to a paradoxical suggestion that it is effective in the treatment of both @entity1 and @entity2 . A total of 65 in- or outpatients with @entity2 mostly of vascular or idiopathic etiology were included in a 4-week, open, multicenter trial. @entity12 was administered under an increasing dose schedule which was leveled off according to the clinical response. Mostly because of @entity4 , @entity5 , and lack of improvement 25% of inpatients and 61% of outpatients were removed from the study. The average daily dose at the end of the trial was 4.2 mg, ranging from 1.0 to 5.5 mg. The average Simpson and Angus scale total score and performance in the Spiral Drawing Task improved significantly during the trial by 20% and 38% respectively. The following adverse effects were noted most frequently throughout the study (including those who withdrew): @entity8 (occurred in 42% of all ratings performed during the trial) drowsiness and @entity4 (16% each). Adverse circulatory effects were negligible. @entity6 , including @entity3 , @entity7 , @entity9 , and @entity11 , each occurred in 1 @entity0 , i.e., at a lower rate than with other dopaminergic drugs. Scotopic electroretinograms in a subsample of 7 @entity0 showed a significant transitory decrease in the B-wave amplitude at the end of the 1st week and a subsequent return to pretreatment values.

title: XXXX in @entity2 . A multicenter trial.

answer: @entity12


abstract: @entity12 is an @entity10 derivative with mixed agonistic/antagonistic dopaminergic activity. This led to a paradoxical suggestion that it is effective in the treatment of both @entity1 and @entity2 . A total of 65 in- or outpatients with @entity2 mostly of vascular or idiopathic etiology were included in a 4-week, open, multicenter trial. @entity12 was administered under an increasing dose schedule which was leveled off according to the clinical response. Mostly because of @entity4 , @entity5 , and lack of improvement 25% of inpatients and 61% of outpatients were removed from the study. The average daily dose at the end of the trial was 4.2 mg, ranging from 1.0 to 5.5 mg. The average Simpson and Angus scale total score and performance in the Spiral Drawing Task improved significantly during the trial by 20% and 38% respectively. The following adverse effects were noted most frequently throughout the study (including those who withdrew): @entity8 (occurred in 42% of all ratings performed during the trial) drowsiness and @entity4 (16% each). Adverse circulatory effects were negligible. @entity6 , including @entity3 , @entity7 , @entity9 , and @entity11 , each occurred in 1 @entity0 , i.e., at a lower rate than with other dopaminergic drugs. Scotopic electroretinograms in a subsample of 7 @entity0 showed a significant transitory decrease in the B-wave amplitude at the end of the 1st week and a subsequent return to pretreatment values.

title: @entity12 in XXXX . A multicenter trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Urological manifestations are rare in @entity3 . Although acute urinary retention (AUR) is more commonly found in elderly @entity0 , any previous cases reported have been under the age of 30. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, clinical presentation, and results of @entity4 @entity0 presenting with AUR. AUR is defined as the sudden inability to urinate with obstructive symptoms. METHODS: A retrospective case note review of 480 adult @entity0 (>/=18 years) with @entity4 , diagnosed at the Veterans General Hospital-Taipei over a 3-year period, was carried out. RESULTS: Six @entity0 (1.3% of the adults or 3.9% of the elderly @entity0 ), 5 @entity0 and 1 @entity0 averaging 71.5 years of age, presented with AUR. Associated existing diseases were @entity6 in 2 of the males and surgical repair for uterine prolapse in the only female. The mean duration from @entity1 to AUR was 1.7 days. The quantity of residual urine ranged from 180 to 450 ml. All @entity0 had persistent right lower quadrant tenderness and @entity5 . Five (83.3%) were found to have a @entity7 at operation, and their average hospital stay was 14.7 (8-29) days. CONCLUSIONS: AUR may occur as an initial presentation in acute @entity2 in the elderly. It has been reported that the prolonged hospital stay might be related to the delayed diagnosis and resulting complications arising in these @entity0 . Primary care physicians need to be reminded that this common genitourinary complaint may arise in @entity0 with @entity3 . When confronted with a geriatric @entity0 presenting with AUR, one should entertain an alternative diagnosis and a reexamination of the @entity0 is mandatory.

title: Acute urinary retention in the elderly: an unusual presentation of XXXX with a high perforation risk.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The peripheral vascular response to @entity1 endotoxin (1 mg/kg/i.v.) was measured for 2 hr in the @entity3 anesthetized @entity0 . @entity2 was collected and returned by a pump to the right atrium to maintain a constant cardiac output. Occlusion of the venous lines permitted estimation of venous compliance in the systems drained by the superior ( @entity5 ) and inferior vena cavae (IVC). After endotoxin administration, arterial pressure and total peripheral resistance rapidly dropped and remained low for 2 hr. IVC compliance was decreased at 10-30 min and @entity5 compliance at 10 min after endotoxin. The decrease in compliance is interpreted as venous dilation and probably venous pooling. The latter may account for a substantial portion of the total venous pooling reported in early endotoxin shock. After 30 min, compliance increased and by 60 min was equal to control. Left ventricular relaxation ability decreased as indicated by maximal negative dp/dt. @entity4 , 10 mg/kg, was administered at 120 min or earlier, depending on the state of the animal; rapid recovery of arterial pressure and ventricular function occurred without a significant change in venous compliance.

title: XXXX peripheral vascular response to endotoxin shock at a constant cardiac output.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In epidemiologic studies, @entity5 has been found to be an independent risk factor for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). However, the mechanisms responsible for its role in atherogenesis remain unclear. We studied the relationship of in vivo insulin action and plasma lipids and lipoproteins in 44 normotriglyceridemic white @entity0 (aged 18 to 34 years). The euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic @entity3 clamp technique was used to quantitate insulin-mediated @entity3 disposal (M/I value) at a plasma insulin concentration of approximately 100 microU/mL. The M/I value correlated negatively with plasma @entity4 (r = -0.553, P less than .0001), as well as with fasting plasma insulin levels (r = -0.483, P less than .001), independent of age, body mass index, and fasting plasma @entity3 levels. A negative correlation of the M/I value was also observed with very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)- @entity1 (r = -0.347, P less than .05), VLDL- @entity4 (r = -0.474, P less than 0.005), and total @entity1 /high density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity1 ratio (r = -0.431, P less than .01). The relationship between the M/I value and the total @entity1 /HDL- @entity1 ratio was independent of VLDL- @entity1 and VLDL- @entity4 , however, not independent of plasma @entity4 . No relationship was observed between insulin-mediated @entity3 uptake and total @entity1 , low density lipoprotein (LDL)- @entity1 , and HDL- @entity1 values. Individual differences in plasma @entity4 , fasting insulin concentration, and the total @entity1 /HDL- @entity1 ratio accounted for about half the variance observed in the M/I value.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Relationship between lipoprotein levels and in vivo insulin action in normal young white XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Neo-adjuvant, dose-dense @entity11 , 100 mg/m(2) every 2 weeks x 4 cycles, was administered to 12 @entity1 with locally advance @entity0 (LABC) (10 stage IIIa and three stage IIIb). Eligibility requirements included a PS 0-2, normal hepatic and renal function, and radiologic absence of @entity2 . Filgrastim [ @entity12 ( @entity12 )] was started 1 day after chemotherapy and was given for 6 days. Complete blood counts were determined weekly. Surgery was planned upon recovery from the last dose of @entity11 and followed by 4 cycles of adjuvant @entity9 plus @entity10 (AC) and radiotherapy. @entity1 with ER status received @entity8 . The median age was 45 (range 34-73) and pre-treatment pathology revealed poorly differentiated @entity13 in 11 and @entity7 in one, with positive ER/PR status in five. Twelve @entity1 were treated, and all are evaluable for response and @entity4 . Nine @entity1 had a major clinical @entity3 response with five PR and four pathologic complete responses (pCR rate of 33%). Three @entity1 (of whom two with stage IIIb) had progressive disease and went on to receive neo-adjuvant therapy with AC. There was one instance of grade 3 hematologic @entity4 ( @entity6 in one @entity12 non-compliant @entity1 ). There were two instances of grade 3 extra-hematologic @entity4 : one @entity1 had severe @entity5 and one had treatment-related fatigue. After a median follow-up of 20 months (range 7-49 months) all @entity1 are alive and eight of nine responders remain progression-free. Despite the small size of our study, we believe that dose-dense neo-adjuvant @entity11 is well tolerated and its activity warrants confirmation in a larger number of @entity1 .

title: Neo-adjuvant therapy with dose-dense @entity11 plus short-term filgrastim rescue for locally advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Neo-adjuvant, dose-dense @entity11 , 100 mg/m(2) every 2 weeks x 4 cycles, was administered to 12 @entity1 with locally advance @entity0 (LABC) (10 stage IIIa and three stage IIIb). Eligibility requirements included a PS 0-2, normal hepatic and renal function, and radiologic absence of @entity2 . Filgrastim [ @entity12 ( @entity12 )] was started 1 day after chemotherapy and was given for 6 days. Complete blood counts were determined weekly. Surgery was planned upon recovery from the last dose of @entity11 and followed by 4 cycles of adjuvant @entity9 plus @entity10 (AC) and radiotherapy. @entity1 with ER status received @entity8 . The median age was 45 (range 34-73) and pre-treatment pathology revealed poorly differentiated @entity13 in 11 and @entity7 in one, with positive ER/PR status in five. Twelve @entity1 were treated, and all are evaluable for response and @entity4 . Nine @entity1 had a major clinical @entity3 response with five PR and four pathologic complete responses (pCR rate of 33%). Three @entity1 (of whom two with stage IIIb) had progressive disease and went on to receive neo-adjuvant therapy with AC. There was one instance of grade 3 hematologic @entity4 ( @entity6 in one @entity12 non-compliant @entity1 ). There were two instances of grade 3 extra-hematologic @entity4 : one @entity1 had severe @entity5 and one had treatment-related fatigue. After a median follow-up of 20 months (range 7-49 months) all @entity1 are alive and eight of nine responders remain progression-free. Despite the small size of our study, we believe that dose-dense neo-adjuvant @entity11 is well tolerated and its activity warrants confirmation in a larger number of @entity1 .

title: Neo-adjuvant therapy with dose-dense XXXX plus short-term filgrastim rescue for locally advanced @entity0 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: @entity9 (VA) is widely used within the chemical industry, in the manufacture of @entity8 , and as @entity12 emulsions in @entity6 , adhesives, paper and paper @entity10 . Chronic oral exposure of rodents to high concentrations of VA induces @entity0 within the oral cavity. Carboxylesterase-dependent hydrolysis of VA is thought to be critical in the development of @entity0 following inhalation exposure of animals to VA. Therefore, carboxylesterase activity was determined histochemically in the oral cavities of male F344 @entity2 and BDF @entity1 in order to explore the potential role of carboxylesterase-dependent hydrolysis of VA in the development of @entity0 . Following fixation in 10% neutral buffered @entity3 heads were decalcified in neutral saturated @entity4 , embedded in resin, sectioned at six levels (three each for the upper and lower jaws), and carboxylesterase activity revealed in the tissue using @entity14 as substrate. The localisation of carboxylesterase activity in freshly dissected @entity2 oral tissue was compared to that of the resin sections and found to be identical, thus validating the @entity11 process. A similar pattern of carboxylesterase activity was observed for the two species. Staining was low in areas surrounding the teeth, and medium/high in the @entity13 and those regions of the lower jaw not proximal to the teeth. In general the intensity of staining was greater in sections from the @entity2 compared to those from the @entity1 . By comparison, carboxylesterase activity was considerably higher in @entity1 nasal olfactory epithelium than in any of the oral tissues. Thus the mucosa of the oral cavity has the potential to hydrolyse VA to its metabolites, @entity5 and @entity7 , and the presence of carboxylesterases at this site is consistent with, and may be an important determining factor in, the development of oral @entity0 following exposure to VA.

title: Histochemical localisation of carboxylesterase activity in XXXX and @entity1 oral cavity mucosa.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity9 (VA) is widely used within the chemical industry, in the manufacture of @entity8 , and as @entity12 emulsions in @entity6 , adhesives, paper and paper @entity10 . Chronic oral exposure of rodents to high concentrations of VA induces @entity0 within the oral cavity. Carboxylesterase-dependent hydrolysis of VA is thought to be critical in the development of @entity0 following inhalation exposure of animals to VA. Therefore, carboxylesterase activity was determined histochemically in the oral cavities of male F344 @entity2 and BDF @entity1 in order to explore the potential role of carboxylesterase-dependent hydrolysis of VA in the development of @entity0 . Following fixation in 10% neutral buffered @entity3 heads were decalcified in neutral saturated @entity4 , embedded in resin, sectioned at six levels (three each for the upper and lower jaws), and carboxylesterase activity revealed in the tissue using @entity14 as substrate. The localisation of carboxylesterase activity in freshly dissected @entity2 oral tissue was compared to that of the resin sections and found to be identical, thus validating the @entity11 process. A similar pattern of carboxylesterase activity was observed for the two species. Staining was low in areas surrounding the teeth, and medium/high in the @entity13 and those regions of the lower jaw not proximal to the teeth. In general the intensity of staining was greater in sections from the @entity2 compared to those from the @entity1 . By comparison, carboxylesterase activity was considerably higher in @entity1 nasal olfactory epithelium than in any of the oral tissues. Thus the mucosa of the oral cavity has the potential to hydrolyse VA to its metabolites, @entity5 and @entity7 , and the presence of carboxylesterases at this site is consistent with, and may be an important determining factor in, the development of oral @entity0 following exposure to VA.

title: Histochemical localisation of carboxylesterase activity in @entity2 and XXXX oral cavity mucosa.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The present randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was designed to assess the effect of peroperatively administered i.v. @entity4 on anaesthetic and analgesic requirements during total i.v. anaesthesia. METHODS: Eighty-one @entity0 (36 @entity0 , 45 @entity0 ) undergoing elective spinal surgery were included in one of two parallel groups. The @entity1 group received @entity4 30 mg kg(-1) as a bolus before induction of anaesthesia and 10 mg kg(-1) h(-1) by continuous i.v. infusion during the operation period. The same volume of isotonic solution was administered to the control group. Anaesthesia was maintained with @entity2 (administered according to the bispectral index) and @entity3 (adjusted according to heart rate and arterial blood pressure) infusions. RESULTS: A significant reduction in hourly @entity2 consumption was observed with @entity1 administration. For example, the mean infusion rate of @entity2 in the second hour of the operation was 7.09 mg kg(-1) h(-1) in the control group vs 4.35 mg kg(-1) h(-1) in the @entity1 group (P<0.001). The @entity1 group required significantly less @entity3 (P<0.001) and @entity5 (P<0.001). No side-effects were observed with @entity1 administration. CONCLUSION: The administration of @entity1 led to a significant reduction in the requirements for anaesthetic drugs during total i.v. anaesthesia with @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity5 .

title: Evaluation of effects of XXXX in reducing intraoperative anaesthetic requirements.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has growth-promoting effects on @entity2 cells in vitro as well as in vivo. In this study, we measured the concentration of @entity1 and its major binding protein, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), in serum from 127 @entity0 with @entity2 . Serum had been drawn at the time of diagnosis, before treatment with high-dose melphalan. @entity3 in @entity2 @entity0 (1.6 +/- 0.73 microg/mL; mean +/- SD) was significantly decreased compared to healthy age- and sex-matched controls (2.2 +/- 0.42 microg/mL). However, @entity3 had no prognostic value in this study. The mean @entity1 level did not differ between @entity2 @entity0 (17.8 +/- 7.7 nM) and controls (17.3 +/- 5.6 nM). Nevertheless, @entity1 was a strong indicator of prognosis. After 80 months of follow-up, @entity2 @entity0 with low levels (< 13 nM) of serum @entity1 had not reached median survival. In the @entity0 group with @entity1 levels above 13 nM, median survival was 62 months (P =.006). These findings support the hypothesis of a role for @entity1 in @entity2 progression.

title: Serum insulinlike growth factor is not elevated in @entity0 with XXXX but is still a prognostic factor.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has growth-promoting effects on @entity2 cells in vitro as well as in vivo. In this study, we measured the concentration of @entity1 and its major binding protein, @entity3 ( @entity3 ), in serum from 127 @entity0 with @entity2 . Serum had been drawn at the time of diagnosis, before treatment with high-dose melphalan. @entity3 in @entity2 @entity0 (1.6 +/- 0.73 microg/mL; mean +/- SD) was significantly decreased compared to healthy age- and sex-matched controls (2.2 +/- 0.42 microg/mL). However, @entity3 had no prognostic value in this study. The mean @entity1 level did not differ between @entity2 @entity0 (17.8 +/- 7.7 nM) and controls (17.3 +/- 5.6 nM). Nevertheless, @entity1 was a strong indicator of prognosis. After 80 months of follow-up, @entity2 @entity0 with low levels (< 13 nM) of serum @entity1 had not reached median survival. In the @entity0 group with @entity1 levels above 13 nM, median survival was 62 months (P =.006). These findings support the hypothesis of a role for @entity1 in @entity2 progression.

title: Serum insulinlike growth factor is not elevated in XXXX with @entity2 but is still a prognostic factor.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The analgesic efficacy of a single 50-mg preoperative dose of @entity5 was compared with @entity7 ( @entity1 375 mg, @entity6 30 mg, @entity4 30 mg) and a placebo. Forty @entity0 scheduled for the surgical removal of impacted maxillary third molars were enrolled in a double-blind, randomized study. Using a within-subject design we compared the analgesic efficacy of (1) preoperative @entity5 50 mg with placebo in 20 @entity0 , and (2) preoperative @entity7 with placebo in 20 other @entity0 . Using a between-group design, we then compared the analgesic efficacy of (3) each drug given preoperatively and postoperatively, and (4) each drug given postoperatively only. @entity0 rated 2 @entity2 dimensions, intensity and unpleasantness, hourly for 8 hours after the presurgical dose. The results of this study indicate that better @entity3 was obtained when @entity5 was given preoperatively compared to only after surgery. Conversely, preoperative administration of @entity7 did not demonstrate any significant influence on postsurgical @entity3 . When comparing the 2 drugs, @entity5 proved to be superior in providing @entity2 relief only when it was given prior to surgery. There was no difference between them when given only after surgery. Side effects were moderate and not significantly different between @entity0 receiving @entity5 and those receiving @entity7 .

title: Preoperative XXXX in oral surgery: a method of choice in controlling postoperative pain.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity6 is associated with a shift in @entity2 distribution from functional to storage compartments. This suggests a relative deficit in @entity7 production or action similar to that observed in other infections. Our study in Kenyan @entity0 with asymptomatic @entity5 aimed at investigating whether @entity5 causes increased erythropoiesis, and whether the erythropoietic response appeared appropriate for the degree of resulting @entity6 . Longitudinal and baseline data were used from a trial with a 2 x 2 factorial design, in which 328 anemic Kenyan @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive either @entity2 or placebo, and @entity9 - @entity8 or placebo. Erythropoiesis was evaluated by serum concentrations of @entity7 and soluble @entity3 receptor. Prospectively collected data showed that @entity4 resulted in decreased hemoglobin concentrations, and increased serum concentrations of @entity7 and @entity3 receptor. Conversely, disappearance of malarial antigenemia resulted in increased hemoglobin concentrations, and decreased concentrations of these serum indicators. Additionally, our baseline data showed that current or recent @entity4 is associated with increased serum concentrations of @entity7 and @entity3 receptor, and that these were as high as or perhaps even higher than values of @entity0 without @entity4 and without @entity1 . Our findings indicate that in asymptomatic @entity5 , the erythropoietic response is adequate for the degree of @entity6 , and that @entity1 probably plays no or only a minor role in the pathogenesis of the resulting @entity6 . Further research is needed to demonstrate the role of deficient @entity7 production or action in the pathogenesis of the @entity6 of symptomatic @entity5 .

title: XXXX leads to adequately increased erythropoiesis in asymptomatic Kenyan @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 is associated with a shift in @entity2 distribution from functional to storage compartments. This suggests a relative deficit in @entity7 production or action similar to that observed in other infections. Our study in Kenyan @entity0 with asymptomatic @entity5 aimed at investigating whether @entity5 causes increased erythropoiesis, and whether the erythropoietic response appeared appropriate for the degree of resulting @entity6 . Longitudinal and baseline data were used from a trial with a 2 x 2 factorial design, in which 328 anemic Kenyan @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive either @entity2 or placebo, and @entity9 - @entity8 or placebo. Erythropoiesis was evaluated by serum concentrations of @entity7 and soluble @entity3 receptor. Prospectively collected data showed that @entity4 resulted in decreased hemoglobin concentrations, and increased serum concentrations of @entity7 and @entity3 receptor. Conversely, disappearance of malarial antigenemia resulted in increased hemoglobin concentrations, and decreased concentrations of these serum indicators. Additionally, our baseline data showed that current or recent @entity4 is associated with increased serum concentrations of @entity7 and @entity3 receptor, and that these were as high as or perhaps even higher than values of @entity0 without @entity4 and without @entity1 . Our findings indicate that in asymptomatic @entity5 , the erythropoietic response is adequate for the degree of @entity6 , and that @entity1 probably plays no or only a minor role in the pathogenesis of the resulting @entity6 . Further research is needed to demonstrate the role of deficient @entity7 production or action in the pathogenesis of the @entity6 of symptomatic @entity5 .

title: @entity6 leads to adequately increased erythropoiesis in asymptomatic Kenyan XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We have previously identified alpha-defensin in association with medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in @entity0 coronary arteries. In the present paper we report that alpha-defensin, at concentrations below those found in pathological conditions, inhibits phenylephrine (PE)-induced contraction of @entity1 aortic rings. Addition of 1 microM alpha-defensin increased the half-maximal effective concentration (EC(50)) of PE on denuded aortic rings from 32 to 630 nM. The effect of alpha-defensin was dose dependent and saturable, with a half-maximal effect at 1 microM. alpha-Defensin binds to @entity0 umbilical vein SMCs in a specific manner. The presence of 1 microM alpha-defensin inhibited the PE-mediated Ca(++) mobilization in SMCs by more than 80%. The inhibitory effect of alpha-defensin on contraction of aortic rings and Ca(++) mobilization was completely abolished by anti-low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/alpha(2-)macroglobulin receptor ( @entity4 ) antibodies as well as by the antagonist @entity2 ( @entity2 ). alpha-Defensin binds directly to isolated @entity4 in a specific and dose-dependent manner; the binding was inhibited by @entity2 as well as by anti- @entity4 antibodies. alpha-Defensin is internalized by SMCs and interacts with 2 intracellular subtypes of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) involved in muscle contraction, alpha and beta. @entity2 and anti- @entity4 antibodies inhibited the binding and internalization of alpha-defensin by SMCs and its interaction with intracellular PKCs. These observations suggest that binding of alpha-defensin to @entity4 expressed in SMCs leads to its internalization; internalized alpha-defensin binds to @entity3 and inhibits its enzymatic activity, leading to decreased Ca(++) mobilization and SMC contraction in response to PE.

title: XXXX alpha-defensin regulates smooth muscle cell contraction: a role for low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Residual @entity1 following the use of neuromuscular blocking drugs remains a clinical problem. As part of departmental quality assurance, we examined the degree of postoperative residual curarization (PORC) following @entity4 . METHODS: Forty @entity0 undergoing general anaesthesia involving @entity4 were studied. Quantitative neuromuscular monitoring (mechanomyography, Myograph 2000, Biometer, Denmark) was performed by assessing the response to supramaximal @entity2 ( @entity2 ) stimulation of the ulnar nerve. Anaesthesia was provided by non-participating clinicians who were blinded to the study data. A @entity2 ratio </=0.7 at extubation was classified as PORC. RESULTS: At antagonism of @entity3 , 70% (28/40) of @entity0 had a @entity2 ratio </=0.7, and 65% (26/40) of @entity0 had a @entity2 ratio </=0.7 at extubation. Peripheral nerve stimulator use was associated with a longer interval from antagonism of block to extubation (P=0.01), but was not associated with differences in @entity4 dosage or a reduction in PORC at extubation. @entity0 with @entity2 ratio </=0.7 at extubation had surgery of shorter duration [59 (SEM 6) vs 103 (9) min, P<0.001], greater doses of @entity4 relative to the duration of surgery [6 (1) vs 11 (1) micro g kg(-1) min(-1), P<0.005], and shorter intervals from administration of last dose of @entity4 to antagonism of @entity3 [29 (2) vs 53 (9) min, P<0.005] and from antagonism to extubation [6 (1) vs 15 (4) min, P<0.01]. Duration of surgical procedure was the sole multivariate predictor of PORC [odds ratio 0.94 (95% confidence intervals 0.91-0.98), P<0.01]. CONCLUSIONS: PORC remains a clinical problem despite use of intermediate-duration neuromuscular blocking drugs and peripheral nerve stimulators. @entity0 undergoing procedures of short duration may be at risk of inappropriately early tracheal extubation, possibly due to work pressures. The association between suboptimal antagonism of @entity3 and short procedures needs reinforcement during postgraduate training and departmental quality assurance.

title: XXXX is associated with postoperative residual curarization.

answer: @entity4


abstract: With advances in clinical immunosuppression, results in organ transplantation continue to improve. During a 52-month period, 507 cadaver renal transplants were performed, including 435 primary and 72 nonprimary transplants. All @entity0 were managed with quadruple immunosuppression ( @entity2 , @entity3 , sequential MALG and @entity1 ). Our experience is divided into pre-OKT3 (n = 228) and OKT3 (n = 279) eras. All kidneys were harvested locally and preserved with pulsatile machine perfusion. The mean duration of preservation was 30.1 hours, with an organ utilization rate of 98.1%. The preservation-related dialysis rate was 13.6%, and primary nonfunction occurred in 8 kidneys (1.6%). Actuarial @entity0 survival in primary and secondary transplant recipients was 90% at 3 years. Overall primary graft survival was 81.6% and nonprimary graft survival, 61.1%. However, the current OKT3 era is characterized by improved @entity0 survival (98% vs 90%, p = 0.001) and primary graft survival (91% vs 80%, p = 0.002) at 1 year when compared with the previous era. Forty-nine @entity0 have received OKT3 therapy, with 31 grafts (63.3%) successfully rescued. Cadaveric renal transplantation with machine preservation, quadruple therapy, and OKT3 rescue is associated with excellent early graft function, reduced acute rejection, and improved @entity0 and allograft survival, even in high-risk recipients.

title: Cadaveric renal transplantation in the XXXX and OKT3 eras.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Intracranial @entity1 of central nervous system are relatively common in @entity0 with systemic @entity2 . Computed tomography (CT) scans of 60 @entity0 of intracranial metastatic disease of unknown primaries, at the time of surgery, were retrospectively analyzed. These @entity0 primarily presented with @entity3 . They were operated upon for various reasons and histopathological diagnosis was obtained. There were 39 male and 21 female @entity0 , with age range of 18 to 74 years. The common clinical symptoms were raised intracranial pressure without lateralization, acute onset @entity8 and @entity5 . @entity4 were observed in 4 @entity0 . Histopathologically the @entity9 consisted of metastatic @entity6 (32 cases) or metastatic @entity7 (28 cases). Among cases of @entity6 , CT revealed solitary lesions in 17 and multiple lesions in 13 cases. Two had extraaxial deposition in the region of petrous apex. Out of @entity7 , 17 lesions were solitary, while 10 were multiple and one had extraaxial deposition in the region of petrous apex. This study is unique as it consisted of CT features of intracranial @entity1 of unknown primary @entity2 elsewhere in the body.

title: CT features of intracranial XXXX of unknown primaries.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The translocation of prepromelittin (pPM) across @entity0 endoplasmic reticulum was studied in both @entity2 germ and reticulocyte lysate. In the @entity2 germ system, signal recognition particle (SRP) caused a transient arrest in the synthesis of pPM. This was indicated by a slowdown in the rate of synthesis of pPM in the presence of SRP. The arrest was specific, dependent on the concentration of SRP, and more effective at early incubation time. In a tightly synchronized translation system, SRP had no apparent effect on the elongation of pPM, indicating that the effect of SRP on pPM chain synthesis might be at the final stages of chain elongation and release from the ribosome. This was reflected in a transient accumulation of pPM as peptidyl tRNA. Because pPM is composed of only 70 @entity1 , arrest by SRP may be very close to chain termination. Arrest at this stage of chain synthesis seems to be unstable and the nascent chain gets terminated and released from the ribosome after a transient delay. The translocation of pPM was shown to be dependent on both SRP and docking protein. The difference in the translocation efficiency of pPM in reticulocyte and @entity2 germ lysates may reflect a difference in the targeting process in the two systems.

title: Signal recognition particle causes a transient arrest in the biosynthesis of prepromelittin and mediates its translocation across XXXX endoplasmic reticulum.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Stenting-related @entity2 has been recognized as a frequent and prognostically important event, the extent of which depends on microcirculatory impairment in association with @entity6 , @entity1 , and increased oxidative stress. Recent studies underscored the non-lipid-lowering effects of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) reductase inhibitors (statins) with antithrombotic, antiinflammatory, and antioxidative aspects. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that preprocedural statin therapy is associated with a reduction in the extent of stenting-related @entity2 . METHODS AND RESULTS: We stratified 296 consecutive @entity0 who were undergoing stenting of a de novo @entity4 according to the preprocedural status of statin therapy (229 statin-treated and 67 control @entity0 ). Incidence of periprocedural @entity2 was assessed by analysis of @entity5 kinase (CK; upper limit of normal [ULN] 70 IU/L for @entity0 , 80 IU/L for @entity0 ) and @entity9 ( @entity9 ; bedside test; threshold 0.1 ng/mL) before and 6, 12, and 24 hours after the intervention. Relative to control @entity0 , the incidence of CK elevation >3x ULN was more than 90% lower in statin-treated @entity0 (0.4% versus 6.0%, P=0.01). @entity7 therapy was the only factor independently associated with a lower risk of CK elevation >3x ULN (OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.75; P=0.03). The overall incidences of CK and @entity9 elevation were slightly lower in statin-treated than in control @entity0 (14.4% versus 20.9%, P=0.3, and 17.9% versus 22.4%, P=0.5, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Preprocedural statin therapy is associated with a reduction in the incidence of larger-sized, stenting-related @entity3 . Prospective, randomized trials are warranted to further assess this cardioprotective effect of statins in coronary intervention.

title: Preprocedural statin medication reduces the extent of periprocedural non-Q-wave XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Platelet membrane components adhering with high affinity to collagen fibers were studied by means of an affinity column in which fibrillar type I collagen was physically immobilized. Intact @entity0 platelets in 1 mM @entity5 adhered to the column but did not aggregate. Adhesion was dependent on the collagen concentration and on the number of platelets applied. Passage through the column without adhesion did not affect the potential for subsequent platelet binding. Surface-labelled whole platelets were passaged through this column, lysed in Triton and in @entity1 and labelled components adhering to the collagen were analysed on @entity1 - @entity4 gels. It was found that Triton lysis removed most of the major surface glycoproteins but left the cytoskeleton on the column. Subsequent @entity1 elution removed the cytoskeletal proteins along with the remaining major surface glycoproteins. The label left on the column could not be eluted with 8 M @entity2 or up to 4 M @entity3 . Collagenase digestion of the column collagen released a single surface glycoprotein of Mr 80,000. Limited chymotryptic digestion of the labelled platelets prior to their application to the column did not affect their binding. A radiolabelled band of the same molecular weight (MW) became bound to the collagen following passage of the chymotrypsin-treated platelets. This band was trypsin-sensitive following @entity1 - @entity4 gel electrophoresis ( @entity1 -PAGE). These results, along with other published evidence, suggest that at least one platelet membrane component, expressed on the surface of the unstimulated platelet, binds with high affinity to fibrillar type I collagen and is probably involved in platelet collagen recognition.

title: Identification of a surface protein of the XXXX blood platelet with high affinity for collagen.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Sprouty (Spry) proteins have been revealed as inhibitors of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, a pathway crucial for developmental processes initiated by activation of various receptor @entity3 kinases. In COS-1 and @entity1 cells, all Spry isoforms translocate to the plasma membrane, notably ruffles, following activation. Here we show that microinjection of active Rac induced the translocation of Spry isoforms, indicating that the target of the Spry translocation domain (SpryTD) is downstream of active Rac. Targeted disruption of actin polymerization revealed that the SpryTD target appeared upstream of cytoskeletal rearrangements. Accumulated evidence indicated that @entity4 [ @entity7 ] is the likely SpryTD target. @entity0 Spry2TD (hSpry2TD) binds to @entity7 in vesicle-binding assays. @entity6 TD colocalizes with the pleckstrin homology domain of phospholipase Cdelta, which binds @entity7 . The plasma membrane localization of @entity6 TD was abolished in @entity5 -treated MDCK cells or when @entity7 was specifically dephosphorylated by overexpression of an engineered, green fluorescent protein-tagged inositol 5-phosphatase. Similarly, Spred, a novel Ras/MAPK inhibitor recently found to contain the conserved @entity2 -rich SpryTD, also translocated to peripheral membranes and bound to @entity7 . Alignment of the Spry and Spred proteins led us to identify a translocation-defective point mutant, @entity6 D252. Targeting of @entity6 to @entity7 was shown to be essential for the down-regulation of Ras/MAPK signaling.

title: The @entity2 -rich sprouty translocation domain targets mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitory proteins to XXXX in plasma membranes.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Sprouty (Spry) proteins have been revealed as inhibitors of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, a pathway crucial for developmental processes initiated by activation of various receptor @entity3 kinases. In COS-1 and @entity1 cells, all Spry isoforms translocate to the plasma membrane, notably ruffles, following activation. Here we show that microinjection of active Rac induced the translocation of Spry isoforms, indicating that the target of the Spry translocation domain (SpryTD) is downstream of active Rac. Targeted disruption of actin polymerization revealed that the SpryTD target appeared upstream of cytoskeletal rearrangements. Accumulated evidence indicated that @entity4 [ @entity7 ] is the likely SpryTD target. @entity0 Spry2TD (hSpry2TD) binds to @entity7 in vesicle-binding assays. @entity6 TD colocalizes with the pleckstrin homology domain of phospholipase Cdelta, which binds @entity7 . The plasma membrane localization of @entity6 TD was abolished in @entity5 -treated MDCK cells or when @entity7 was specifically dephosphorylated by overexpression of an engineered, green fluorescent protein-tagged inositol 5-phosphatase. Similarly, Spred, a novel Ras/MAPK inhibitor recently found to contain the conserved @entity2 -rich SpryTD, also translocated to peripheral membranes and bound to @entity7 . Alignment of the Spry and Spred proteins led us to identify a translocation-defective point mutant, @entity6 D252. Targeting of @entity6 to @entity7 was shown to be essential for the down-regulation of Ras/MAPK signaling.

title: The XXXX -rich sprouty translocation domain targets mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitory proteins to @entity4 in plasma membranes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study examined whether @entity0 with @entity3 and normal renal function have an altered response to an @entity2 infusion when they are pretreated with a converting-enzyme inhibitor. Three groups of adults received @entity2 infusions for 20 min on two occasions separated by a 240-min interval. Groups 1 (6 normals) and 2 (6 diabetics) ingested @entity4 (12.5 mg) 120 min before starting the second infusion. Group 3 (4 diabetics) did not receive @entity4 . Diabetics had normal base-line renal plasma flow, as indicated by @entity6 clearance ( @entity5 ), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In group 1, the maximum increase in @entity5 was significant and similar with both infusions, 23 +/- 5 vs. 15 +/- 3% (SE); maximal changes in GFR were also significant and similar, 20 +/- 5 vs. 20 +/- 6%. In Group 2, the maximal increase in @entity5 and GFR with the first infusion was 28 +/- 7 and 23 +/- 6%, respectively. After @entity4 , the increases in @entity5 and GFR were significantly greater than with the first infusion (64 +/- 8%, P less than 0.002, and 67 +/- 9%, P less than 0.002, respectively). In Group 3 diabetics, there was no difference in either @entity5 or GFR with the first vs. the second infusion. Thus @entity4 enhances the renal hemodynamic response to an @entity2 load in @entity1 @entity0 but not in normal adults.

title: @entity4 augments the renal response to an XXXX infusion in @entity1 adults.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study examined whether @entity0 with @entity3 and normal renal function have an altered response to an @entity2 infusion when they are pretreated with a converting-enzyme inhibitor. Three groups of adults received @entity2 infusions for 20 min on two occasions separated by a 240-min interval. Groups 1 (6 normals) and 2 (6 diabetics) ingested @entity4 (12.5 mg) 120 min before starting the second infusion. Group 3 (4 diabetics) did not receive @entity4 . Diabetics had normal base-line renal plasma flow, as indicated by @entity6 clearance ( @entity5 ), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In group 1, the maximum increase in @entity5 was significant and similar with both infusions, 23 +/- 5 vs. 15 +/- 3% (SE); maximal changes in GFR were also significant and similar, 20 +/- 5 vs. 20 +/- 6%. In Group 2, the maximal increase in @entity5 and GFR with the first infusion was 28 +/- 7 and 23 +/- 6%, respectively. After @entity4 , the increases in @entity5 and GFR were significantly greater than with the first infusion (64 +/- 8%, P less than 0.002, and 67 +/- 9%, P less than 0.002, respectively). In Group 3 diabetics, there was no difference in either @entity5 or GFR with the first vs. the second infusion. Thus @entity4 enhances the renal hemodynamic response to an @entity2 load in @entity1 @entity0 but not in normal adults.

title: @entity4 augments the renal response to an @entity2 infusion in XXXX adults.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study examined whether @entity0 with @entity3 and normal renal function have an altered response to an @entity2 infusion when they are pretreated with a converting-enzyme inhibitor. Three groups of adults received @entity2 infusions for 20 min on two occasions separated by a 240-min interval. Groups 1 (6 normals) and 2 (6 diabetics) ingested @entity4 (12.5 mg) 120 min before starting the second infusion. Group 3 (4 diabetics) did not receive @entity4 . Diabetics had normal base-line renal plasma flow, as indicated by @entity6 clearance ( @entity5 ), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). In group 1, the maximum increase in @entity5 was significant and similar with both infusions, 23 +/- 5 vs. 15 +/- 3% (SE); maximal changes in GFR were also significant and similar, 20 +/- 5 vs. 20 +/- 6%. In Group 2, the maximal increase in @entity5 and GFR with the first infusion was 28 +/- 7 and 23 +/- 6%, respectively. After @entity4 , the increases in @entity5 and GFR were significantly greater than with the first infusion (64 +/- 8%, P less than 0.002, and 67 +/- 9%, P less than 0.002, respectively). In Group 3 diabetics, there was no difference in either @entity5 or GFR with the first vs. the second infusion. Thus @entity4 enhances the renal hemodynamic response to an @entity2 load in @entity1 @entity0 but not in normal adults.

title: XXXX augments the renal response to an @entity2 infusion in @entity1 adults.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine whether each exercise and an entire karate training session can achieve: 1). accepted training intensity thresholds for effective aerobic capacity training; 2). energy expenditure (EE) thresholds for total body mass and fat @entity2 ; and, 3). elevation in excess postexercise @entity1 consumption (EPOC). METHODS: We investigated physiological responses during 5 types of karate training in female karate practitioners: basic techniques without (S-Basics) and with (M-Basics) movements, sparring techniques without (TECH I) and with (TECH II) an opponent, and kata. RESULTS: The mean percent of maximum @entity1 uptake reserve (%VO2R), percent of maximum heart rate (%HRmax), and maximum heart rate reserve (%HRR) for S-Basics were below the accepted threshold and for M-Basics were marginal or above the threshold for increasing VO2max. For TECH I, TECH II, kata, and the entire 70-min practice, the mean %HRmax and %HRR were well above the threshold, however, %VO2R was below the threshold. Although the mean EPOC measured for 5 min immediately following the entire 70-min karate training did not differ from resting VO2. The blood @entity3 responses to the 5 types of karate exercises ranged from 1.2+/-0.3 to 2.2+/-0.8 mmol L(-1). The mean EE for each karate exercise ranged from 157+/-10 kJ to 314+/-16 kJ. The mean EE for the entire 70 min practice and EPOC were 1120+/-64 kJ and 28+/-2 kJ, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The training intensities of karate exercises studied in @entity0 were light to moderate, effects of karate training on EPOC was minimal, and the mean EE was marginal to the accepted threshold for total body mass and fat @entity2 .

title: Physiological responses during and following karate training in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: One hundred ninety-two @entity0 with previously untreated @entity2 (102 @entity8 [ @entity8 ]; 90 @entity3 ) were randomized to receive either ad lib nutritional intake (control group) or specific nutritional intervention during a 12-week study period when chemotherapy was administered. Those @entity0 randomized to nutritional interventions were counselled to take oral nutrients with caloric intake equal to 1.7 to 1.95 times their basal energy expenditure, depending on their pretreatment nutritional status ("standard" group). An augmented group was counselled to have a caloric intake equivalent to that of the standard group but with 25% of calories provided as protein and additional supplements of @entity5 and @entity11 . Counselling increased caloric intake in both @entity2 types but reduced @entity6 in the short term only for @entity1 @entity0 . Ninety-three @entity8 @entity0 were evaluable for @entity2 response to @entity13 and @entity7 . Overall, only 20.4% of the @entity0 responded, and there were no significant differences in response rates, median time to progression, or overall duration of survival between the nutrition intervention groups and the control group. The @entity2 response rate to time-sequenced @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and @entity10 in the 81 evaluable @entity0 with @entity3 was only 14.8%, and no significant differences in @entity2 response rates were noted between the three groups. Furthermore, the median time to progression and overall duration of survival were not different for the control, standard, and augmented groups. Nutritional interventions using dietary counselling had no impact on the percent of planned chemotherapy dose administered, the degree of @entity4 experienced by @entity0 , or the frequency of treatment delays. A multivariate prognostic factor analysis demonstrated that for @entity1 , the percent of @entity6 , serum @entity12 concentration, and presence of liver metastases were significant (P less than .05) and independent prognostic variables for survival duration. For @entity3 , serum @entity12 , alkaline phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels, and percent targeted caloric intake (TCI) were significant independent predictors of survival duration.

title: A randomized study of oral nutritional support versus ad lib nutritional intake during chemotherapy for advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Stereotactic radiotherapy has an inherent disadvantage in that it does not directly reduce @entity1 volume. In this increasing environment of cost-containment, however, this modality offers several advantages (see box). Some investigators believe that, over the next generation, stereotactic radiotherapy will be the mainstay of @entity3 care, with microsurgery being the exception and being reserved for @entity0 needing urgent decompression and for very young @entity0 [12]. Increasing numbers of @entity0 are undergoing stereotactic radiotherapy as a matter of preference following the provision of sufficient information on the two treatment procedures. When counseling younger @entity0 , it is important to remember that no long-term data about the control rate for stereotactic radiotherapy with the most recent, lower doses are available. Also, surgical salvage, which is necessary in some @entity0 , produces a poor outcome following radiation therapy. Published reports have demonstrated similar facial nerve, hearing preservation, and @entity1 control rates in the short term only [32,33]. Data is insufficient to assess the risk for inducing a secondary, treatment-related @entity1 . Until long-term results are available, stereotactic radiotherapy should be reserved for medically infirm @entity0 , elderly @entity0 , @entity0 with @entity2 or @entity1 , and @entity0 who have failed prior microsurgery. Radiotherapy is not the preferred primary treatment modality for @entity3 based on currently published results.

title: Stereotactic radiosurgery of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: C1 activation was assessed in several forms of @entity2 by radioimmunoassay quantitation of circulating ( @entity6 )2 C1r-C1s complexes (INC). Eight @entity0 with active @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 had elevated serum INC (mean = 15.3 vs control = 5.8, P less than 0.01). Their INC levels were normal during remission. Serum INC had a weak inverse correlation with serum @entity5 greater than 3 mg/dl (r = 0.42, P = 0.02). In longitudinal studies, serum INC also had a weak inverse correlation with serum C3 and C4. Only 1 of 10 @entity0 with type I and 1 of 15 with type III @entity2 ( @entity2 ) had elevated serum INC. No @entity0 with type II @entity2 had elevated levels. Two of 10 @entity0 with poststreptococcal @entity2 (P-SGN) had elevated serum INC, but all normalized with convalescence. @entity0 with @entity1 had normal serum INC. The data demonstrate the importance of C1 activation in @entity3 and P-SGN. The mechanism of complement activation in types @entity2 remains unclear; the data suggest, but do not prove, that C1-independent complement activation may occur in these @entity0 .

title: Quantitation of ( @entity6 )2 C1r-C1s complexes in XXXX as an indicator of C1 activation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: C1 activation was assessed in several forms of @entity2 by radioimmunoassay quantitation of circulating ( @entity6 )2 C1r-C1s complexes (INC). Eight @entity0 with active @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 had elevated serum INC (mean = 15.3 vs control = 5.8, P less than 0.01). Their INC levels were normal during remission. Serum INC had a weak inverse correlation with serum @entity5 greater than 3 mg/dl (r = 0.42, P = 0.02). In longitudinal studies, serum INC also had a weak inverse correlation with serum C3 and C4. Only 1 of 10 @entity0 with type I and 1 of 15 with type III @entity2 ( @entity2 ) had elevated serum INC. No @entity0 with type II @entity2 had elevated levels. Two of 10 @entity0 with poststreptococcal @entity2 (P-SGN) had elevated serum INC, but all normalized with convalescence. @entity0 with @entity1 had normal serum INC. The data demonstrate the importance of C1 activation in @entity3 and P-SGN. The mechanism of complement activation in types @entity2 remains unclear; the data suggest, but do not prove, that C1-independent complement activation may occur in these @entity0 .

title: Quantitation of ( XXXX )2 C1r-C1s complexes in @entity2 as an indicator of C1 activation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The secretory responsiveness of @entity0 fetal pancreatic endocrine cells was studied by perifusion of cultured @entity6 ( @entity6 ). @entity6 were obtained from 7 fetuses at 13-15 weeks gestation and 21 fetuses at 17-22 weeks gestation. The @entity6 were challenged with @entity3 (20 mmol/L), @entity2 (10 mmol/L), glucagon (1.4 mumol/L), and @entity4 (10 mmol/L) combined with zero, low (2 mmol/L), or high (20 mmol/L) @entity3 . At 13-15 weeks, @entity3 and @entity2 enhanced @entity5 release in some experiments, whereas glucagon and @entity4 were always potent stimuli (mean response, 4-fold regardless of the @entity3 concentration). At 17-22 weeks, both @entity3 alone (20 mmol/L) and @entity2 (10 mmol/L, with 2 mmol/L @entity3 ) induced a small (1.4- to 1.5-fold) increase in @entity5 release. When @entity2 was combined with 20 mmol/L @entity3 , the response was potentiated to become a 2.3-fold increase. In contrast, glucagon was equally effective in 2 and 20 mmol/L @entity3 (2.9- and 2.6-fold responses, respectively) and produced a half-maximal response even in the absence of @entity3 . In this age range the most potent stimulus for @entity5 release was clearly @entity4 . The effect of @entity4 was also remarkably independent of the @entity3 concentration of the perifusate (5.6-, 8.1-, and 8.6-fold responses at 0, 2, and 20 mmol/L @entity3 , respectively). Glucagon release from the @entity6 of the 17- to 22-week-old fetuses was low (mean basal glucagon release, 2.9; @entity5 , 24.8 fmol/100 @entity6 /min). Glucagon release was not affected by 20 mmol/L @entity3 , but was stimulated by @entity2 and @entity4 . These findings suggest that in the fetal pancreas, in contrast to the adult organ, @entity5 release results from elevation of intracellular @entity1 concentrations (by glucagon or @entity4 ) relatively independent of the exogenous @entity3 concentration. Therefore, glucagon may have an important role in regulating @entity5 release during the early development of @entity0 fetal B-cells.

title: @entity5 and glucagon secretory responses to @entity2 , glucagon, and @entity4 during perifusion of @entity0 fetal XXXX .

answer: @entity6