abstract: The results in ninety-three knees that had been treated by proximal tibial opening-wedge osteotomy for @entity1 and @entity3 of the medial compartment were evaluated after a mean length of follow-up of 11.5 years (range, ten to thirteen years). After ten years, only forty-two (45 per cent) of the ninety-three knees had an excellent or good result, and in fifty-one knees there was recurrent @entity2 for which seventeen had another operation. At five years, on the other hand, 90 per cent of the knees had a good result. Deterioration occurred at an average of seven years after the osteotomy and was always associated with recurrence of @entity2 . Although the results deteriorated with time, time was not the only determinant of the result. Alignment, measured as the hip-knee-ankle angle on radiographs of the whole limb that were made with the @entity0 bearing weight, was also a determinant of long-term results. The best results were obtained in the twenty knees that had a hip-knee-ankle angle of 183 to 186 degrees. In these knees, there was no @entity2 and no progression of the @entity5 in either the medial or the lateral tibiofemoral compartment. Of the five knees that had an angle of more than 186 degrees, all five had progressive degenerative changes in the lateral compartment. In the sixty-eight undercorrected knees (an angle of less than 183 degrees), the results were less satisfactory, and there was a tendency toward recurrence of the @entity1 and progression of the @entity4 of the medial compartment. However, when the correction was insufficient the deterioration was slow (average, seven years), and it was not associated with @entity6 and deterioration of the lateral compartment, which are the changes that characterize the natural course of gonarthrosis as described by Hernborg and Nilsson. Therefore, proximal tibial osteotomy is a very suitable operation for @entity0 who have gonarthrosis of the medial compartment, but a rigidly standardized and precise operative technique is required as well as accurate radiographic measurements of the mechanical axis of the limb, because exact postoperative alignment is the prerequisite for the longest possible period of relief of symptoms after osteotomy.

title: Proximal tibial osteotomy for XXXX with @entity1 . A ten to thirteen-year follow-up study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: An immunohistochemical study of 15 ovarian @entity3 -fixed, @entity4 -embedded @entity9 showed positive staining of @entity1 cells for @entity5 in all cases. @entity9 stained for @entity7 . @entity6 positivity of @entity1 cells was detected in four @entity9 . Glial fibrillary acidic protein was present in two @entity1 . Prominent @entity0 beta chorionic gonadotropin staining was seen in one @entity1 . S-100 protein was found in two and carcinoembryonic antigen in one of the @entity9 . Placental alkaline phosphatase was present in 12 of the 15 @entity1 studied. The heterogeneity of the cytoskeletal profile and of other markers showed some similarities to our previously published results on @entity8 . Thus, in contrast to previous concepts, @entity9 , as is the case with its testicular counterpart the @entity8 , appears to be capable of further differentiation, albeit at a primitive level. Our observations also may help to elucidate the relationship between @entity9 and other nondysgerminomatous @entity2 , and may be of help in the differential diagnosis with poorly differentiated @entity2 , or other germ cell @entity1 .

title: Differentiation XXXX : an immunohistochemical study of 15 cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 -specific and polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass and IgE antibodies in @entity1 @entity0 across the histopathological spectrum were determined by using a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody responses to @entity4 sonicates were detected only in IgG1, -2, and -3 subclasses. Even at 100-times-lower dilutions, very little IgG4 and IgE antibody activity against @entity4 was detected in any group of @entity1 @entity0 . Quantitatively, antibody responses were highest at the lepromatous pole and decreased towards the tuberculoid pole. The greatest quantitative difference in antibodies between the lepromatous and tuberculoid poles was observed with IgG1 (140-fold), this was followed by the difference with @entity3 antibodies (32-fold). Polyclonal antibodies, on the other hand, were elevated for all four IgG subclasses as well as IgE in both @entity5 @entity0 compared with healthy controls from a @entity1 . Selective elevation of M. leprae-specific antibody responses in IgG1 and @entity3 subclasses, therefore, could not be attributed to selective polyclonal activation in these particular subclasses. Furthermore, polyclonal activation for IgE was observed in both @entity5 @entity0 , with higher levels in the tuberculoid group, which does not support selective TH2 activation in @entity2 patients. IgG1 and @entity3 antibodies also showed the highest Spearman rank correlation with the bacterial index in these @entity0 (rho = 0.748 and P < 0.001 for IgG1; rho = 0.721 and and P < 0.001 for @entity3 ). Thus, disease progression in @entity1 showed a significant correlation with selective increases in IgG1 and @entity3 responses.

title: Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and @entity3 antibodies are markers of progressive disease in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 -specific and polyclonal immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass and IgE antibodies in @entity1 @entity0 across the histopathological spectrum were determined by using a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody responses to @entity4 sonicates were detected only in IgG1, -2, and -3 subclasses. Even at 100-times-lower dilutions, very little IgG4 and IgE antibody activity against @entity4 was detected in any group of @entity1 @entity0 . Quantitatively, antibody responses were highest at the lepromatous pole and decreased towards the tuberculoid pole. The greatest quantitative difference in antibodies between the lepromatous and tuberculoid poles was observed with IgG1 (140-fold), this was followed by the difference with @entity3 antibodies (32-fold). Polyclonal antibodies, on the other hand, were elevated for all four IgG subclasses as well as IgE in both @entity5 @entity0 compared with healthy controls from a @entity1 . Selective elevation of M. leprae-specific antibody responses in IgG1 and @entity3 subclasses, therefore, could not be attributed to selective polyclonal activation in these particular subclasses. Furthermore, polyclonal activation for IgE was observed in both @entity5 @entity0 , with higher levels in the tuberculoid group, which does not support selective TH2 activation in @entity2 patients. IgG1 and @entity3 antibodies also showed the highest Spearman rank correlation with the bacterial index in these @entity0 (rho = 0.748 and P < 0.001 for IgG1; rho = 0.721 and and P < 0.001 for @entity3 ). Thus, disease progression in @entity1 showed a significant correlation with selective increases in IgG1 and @entity3 responses.

title: Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) and XXXX antibodies are markers of progressive disease in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Liquid perfluorocarbons are used as temporary vitreous substitutes in the surgical management of complicated @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to determine if physiologic benefits could also be derived from the high @entity0 solubility of perfluorochemicals relative to vitreous, especially during @entity4 . METHODS: The normal vitreous humor of the @entity2 eye was replaced with either @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or balanced salt solution (BSS). @entity4 was then induced by increasing the intraocular pressure above the peak systolic blood pressure for intervals of 10, 30, or 90 minutes. RESULTS: Over a 10- or 30-minute period of @entity1 , during which electroretinographic (ERG) responses were recorded, @entity5 -filled eyes and BSS-filled eyes showed decreases in the a- and b-wave amplitudes. However, wave amplitudes were significantly greater in @entity5 -filled eyes at most times examined (P < .05). ERG responses were maintained throughout a 30-minute @entity1 interval in oxygenated @entity5 -filled eyes, but not in oxygenated BSS- or deoxygenated @entity5 -filled eyes. When examined 1 day after a 90-minute interval of @entity1 , oxygenated @entity5 -filled eyes maintained 45% and 57% of the preischemic ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes, respectively, compared to a 5% and 3% retention of wave amplitudes in oxygenated BSS-filled eyes. On light microscopic examination of these eyes, @entity5 -exposed retinas showed less @entity1 damage than BSS-exposed retinas. CONCLUSIONS: When used as a vitreous substitute, @entity5 exerts a neuroprotective effect on the @entity1 retina that appears to relate to an increased retinal @entity0 supply compared to BSS.

title: Perfluorinated organic liquid as an intraocular XXXX reservoir for the @entity1 retina.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Liquid perfluorocarbons are used as temporary vitreous substitutes in the surgical management of complicated @entity3 . The purpose of this study was to determine if physiologic benefits could also be derived from the high @entity0 solubility of perfluorochemicals relative to vitreous, especially during @entity4 . METHODS: The normal vitreous humor of the @entity2 eye was replaced with either @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or balanced salt solution (BSS). @entity4 was then induced by increasing the intraocular pressure above the peak systolic blood pressure for intervals of 10, 30, or 90 minutes. RESULTS: Over a 10- or 30-minute period of @entity1 , during which electroretinographic (ERG) responses were recorded, @entity5 -filled eyes and BSS-filled eyes showed decreases in the a- and b-wave amplitudes. However, wave amplitudes were significantly greater in @entity5 -filled eyes at most times examined (P < .05). ERG responses were maintained throughout a 30-minute @entity1 interval in oxygenated @entity5 -filled eyes, but not in oxygenated BSS- or deoxygenated @entity5 -filled eyes. When examined 1 day after a 90-minute interval of @entity1 , oxygenated @entity5 -filled eyes maintained 45% and 57% of the preischemic ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes, respectively, compared to a 5% and 3% retention of wave amplitudes in oxygenated BSS-filled eyes. On light microscopic examination of these eyes, @entity5 -exposed retinas showed less @entity1 damage than BSS-exposed retinas. CONCLUSIONS: When used as a vitreous substitute, @entity5 exerts a neuroprotective effect on the @entity1 retina that appears to relate to an increased retinal @entity0 supply compared to BSS.

title: Perfluorinated organic liquid as an intraocular @entity0 reservoir for the XXXX retina.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 belongs to the spectrum of @entity4 . It is characterized by wide-spread @entity3 and a low @entity1 threshold. The etiology of the disorders is still unknown. Clinical diagnosis requires examination by a rheumatologically trained physician pathognomonic findings are largely lacking. Classification criteria have been published by Wolfe et al. on behalf of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). The prognosis of FMA is unfavourable and does hardly, respond to therapy. FMA @entity0 ' work capacity cannot be established by mere diagnosis; individual impairments have to be taken into account: Clinical, psychosocial and behavioural dimensions have to be considered. Neither inpatient rehabilitation nor early retirement seem to significantly influence the course of FMA. The @entity0 can usually work fulltime in jobs requiring light activities.

title: [Guidelines for social medicine assessment and evaluation of primary XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Dot hybridization was used to detect specific rabies RNA in brains, either from experimental @entity2 in @entity0 or from brain material to be processed for routine diagnosis. 32P cDNA probes were employed to identify minute amounts of specific viral RNA. Purified RNA was obtained after @entity4 extraction. The RNA was fixed on nylon membranes and hybridized with a pool of M13 inserts complementary to 200-400 nucleotides of each rabies gene and mRNA. Hybridized, labelled probes were detected by autoradiography. There was strong cross-hybridization between fixed rabies and street @entity5 RNA, which enable the detection of field strains for diagnosis purpose using a fixed rabies (PV strain) cDNA. A positive response was obtained with as little as 80 ng of brain RNA material from a fixed @entity2 @entity0 . Detection of viral RNA was still specific 1 week after @entity1 , the brain material being left at room temperature. A total correlation was found when the samples were examined in parallel using a fluorescent rabies-specific antibody and by virus isolation on @entity0 @entity3 cells. These data show that the use of rabies-specific cDNA probes in a dot-blot hybridization assay has great potential for the diagnosis of rabies.

title: Rapid diagnosis of XXXX by means of a dot hybridization assay.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity2 @entity2 exhibits dramatic changes in its body morphology and behavior as it is transformed from a larva into an adult during metamorphosis. Accompanying these changes is an extensive reorganization of this moth's central nervous system (CNS), which involves both the @entity0 and remodeling of subsets of larval neurons. We report here that the segmental ganglia of the larvae also contain a stereotyped array of identifiable neuronal stem cells (neuroblasts) that contribute over 2,000 cells to each @entity3 and about 40-80 cells to each @entity1 . The distribution of these neuroblasts varies in a segment specific manner. Dormant neuroblasts are found adjacent to the neuropil in late embryos and early first instar larvae. After the molt to the second instar, these cells enlarge and begin to divide. Through a series of asymmetrical divisions, each neuroblast generates a discrete nest of 10-90 progeny by the end of larval life. These progeny (the imaginal nest cells) are developmentally arrested at an early stage of differentiation and remain so until metamorphosis. At the onset of metamorphosis, a wave of cell @entity0 sweeps through the nests, the extent of the @entity0 being much greater within the abdominal nests than in the thoracic nests. The surviving imaginal nest cells then differentiate to become functional neurons that are incorporated into the adult CNS.

title: Postembryonic neurogenesis in the CNS of the XXXX , @entity2 . I. Neuroblast arrays and the fate of their progeny during metamorphosis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity2 @entity2 exhibits dramatic changes in its body morphology and behavior as it is transformed from a larva into an adult during metamorphosis. Accompanying these changes is an extensive reorganization of this moth's central nervous system (CNS), which involves both the @entity0 and remodeling of subsets of larval neurons. We report here that the segmental ganglia of the larvae also contain a stereotyped array of identifiable neuronal stem cells (neuroblasts) that contribute over 2,000 cells to each @entity3 and about 40-80 cells to each @entity1 . The distribution of these neuroblasts varies in a segment specific manner. Dormant neuroblasts are found adjacent to the neuropil in late embryos and early first instar larvae. After the molt to the second instar, these cells enlarge and begin to divide. Through a series of asymmetrical divisions, each neuroblast generates a discrete nest of 10-90 progeny by the end of larval life. These progeny (the imaginal nest cells) are developmentally arrested at an early stage of differentiation and remain so until metamorphosis. At the onset of metamorphosis, a wave of cell @entity0 sweeps through the nests, the extent of the @entity0 being much greater within the abdominal nests than in the thoracic nests. The surviving imaginal nest cells then differentiate to become functional neurons that are incorporated into the adult CNS.

title: Postembryonic neurogenesis in the CNS of the @entity2 , XXXX . I. Neuroblast arrays and the fate of their progeny during metamorphosis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Teachers and support staff are often called upon to manage @entity1 at school but may have little knowledge and understanding of the condition. The aim of this study was to determine whether a short seminar would improve knowledge in non-health professionals. Seventy school staff attended one of five 2 h seminars presented by an @entity1 educator. @entity0 completed the Newcastle Asthma Knowledge Questionnaire (AKQ) before, and 2 months after, the seminar. The mean initial score (maximum possible 31) was 16.4 (range 4-26), increasing to 23 (range 13-29, P = 0.0001). There was a large increase in knowledge about symptoms, pathophysiology, preventive medications and side effects of medications. Initially almost all of the @entity0 had deficiencies in knowledge about reliever medications and the management of exercise-induced @entity1 . After the seminar, knowledge in these areas was still poor, with only one-third of the @entity0 answering them correctly. The results have been used to modify the content of the 2 h seminar with increased emphasis on those areas in which deficiencies in knowledge were demonstrated. No data are available yet as to whether this improved knowledge has improved management.

title: Two hour seminar improves knowledge about childhood XXXX in school staff.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence, characteristics, and haemodynamic consequences of pericardial effusion after cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Clinical, echocardiographic, and Doppler evaluations before and 8 days after cardiac surgery; with echocardiographic and Doppler follow up of @entity0 with moderate or large pericardial effusion after operation. SETTING: @entity0 undergoing cardiac surgery at a tertiary centre. @entity0 : 803 consecutive @entity0 who had coronary artery bypass grafting (430), valve replacement (330), and other types of surgery (43). 23 were excluded because of early reoperation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Size and site of pericardial effusion evaluated by cross sectional echocardiography and signs of @entity2 by ultrasound (right atrial and ventricular diastolic collapse, left ventricular diastolic collapse, distension of the inferior vena cava), and Doppler echocardiography (inspiratory decrease of aortic and mitral flow velocities). RESULTS: @entity3 was detected in 498 (64%) of 780 @entity0 and was more often associated with coronary artery bypass grafting than with valve replacement or other types of surgery; it was small in 68.4%, moderate in 29.8%, and large in 1.6%. Loculated effusions (57.8%) were more frequent than diffuse ones (42.2%). The size and site of effusion were related to the type of surgery. None of the small pericardial effusions increased in size; the amount of fluid decreased within a month in most @entity0 with moderate effusion and in a few (7 @entity0 ) developed into a large effusion and @entity2 individuals (1.9%) had @entity2 ; this event was significantly more common after valve replacement (12 @entity0 ) than after coronary artery bypass grafting (2 @entity0 ) or other types of surgery (1 @entity0 after @entity1 ). In @entity0 with @entity2 and mitral flow velocities invariably decreased during inspiration; the echocardiographic signs were less reliable. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 after cardiac surgery is common and its size and site are related to the type of surgery. @entity2 is rare and is more common in @entity0 receiving oral anticoagulants. Echo-Doppler imaging is useful for the evaluation of @entity3 after cardiac surgery. It can identify effusions that herald @entity2 .

title: XXXX after cardiac surgery: incidence, site, size, and haemodynamic consequences.

answer: @entity3


abstract: There is little data on cardiac electrophysiological assessment and long term follow-up of unexplained @entity5 from Australasia. We present 94 @entity0 with unexplained @entity5 who underwent such assessment and followup for an average of 52 months in 92 @entity0 . Of the 94 investigated 57 were male, the average age was 61 years and average number of @entity5 prior to study was 8 (minimum 2). Forty-two @entity0 had @entity2 . @entity0 were divided into 3 groups on results of electro physiological testing. Normal (31 @entity0 ), group 1 with @entity7 or atrioventricular conduction (37 @entity0 ) and group 2 in whom the abnormalities were felt likely to represent the cause of @entity5 (26 @entity0 ). @entity3 in group 2 were @entity7 in 12, abnormal atrioventricular nodal conduction in 8, abnormal infranodal conduction in 2, vagal @entity1 in 3 and @entity6 in two. Follow-up for a mean of 52 months was obtained in 92 @entity0 . Recurrent @entity5 occurred in 37% of the @entity0 . Treatment reduced recurrent @entity5 to a level approaching statistical significance in group 2 @entity0 (50% to 13%; 0.01 greater than p greater than 0.05) but had little influence on recurrent @entity5 in group 1 or normal @entity0 . There were 14 deaths over the follow-up period. Mortality was predicted by group 2 electrophysiological abnormality (p less than 0.02) and the presence of @entity2 (p less than 0.05) and was not reduced by specific therapy. @entity4 occurred in 3 @entity0 , all with @entity2 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cardiac electrophysiological assessment and the natural history of unexplained XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: 1. The effects of elevation of extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) on the negative inotropic potencies of three representative @entity1 antagonists, @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity2 , were investigated in @entity3 papillary muscle preparations. 2. The negative inotropic effect of @entity5 was potentiated 110 fold when [K+]o was raised from 2.7 mM to 12.7 mM. The effect of @entity4 was also potentiated to a lesser extent, but that of @entity2 was not affected. 3. Resting membrane potentials in ventricular muscles were about -80 mV and -60 mV in 2.7 mM K+ and 12.7 mM K+, respectively. 4. To clarify the mechanism responsible for the differential potentiation of the negative inotropic effects, the blocking actions of the three @entity1 antagonists on the L-type @entity0 channel current (ICa(L)) were compared at the holding potentials of -80 mV and -60 mV by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. 5. The use-dependent blocking effect of @entity5 on ICa(L) was enhanced markedly by the change in the holding potential from -80 mV to -60 mV. The effect of @entity4 was also enhanced to a lesser extent but that of @entity2 was not affected in this range of depolarization. 6. The differential effects of the [K+]o elevation on the negative inotropic potencies of the three @entity1 antagonists are explained by the differences in voltage-dependency of their use-dependent blocking effects on ICa(L). 7. The properties of @entity5 and @entity4 observed in this study may contribute to their protective effects on the ischaemic myocardium, without affecting the normal myocardium.

title: Differential potentiation by depolarization of the effects of XXXX antagonists on contraction and @entity0 current in @entity3 heart.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. The effects of elevation of extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) on the negative inotropic potencies of three representative @entity1 antagonists, @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity2 , were investigated in @entity3 papillary muscle preparations. 2. The negative inotropic effect of @entity5 was potentiated 110 fold when [K+]o was raised from 2.7 mM to 12.7 mM. The effect of @entity4 was also potentiated to a lesser extent, but that of @entity2 was not affected. 3. Resting membrane potentials in ventricular muscles were about -80 mV and -60 mV in 2.7 mM K+ and 12.7 mM K+, respectively. 4. To clarify the mechanism responsible for the differential potentiation of the negative inotropic effects, the blocking actions of the three @entity1 antagonists on the L-type @entity0 channel current (ICa(L)) were compared at the holding potentials of -80 mV and -60 mV by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. 5. The use-dependent blocking effect of @entity5 on ICa(L) was enhanced markedly by the change in the holding potential from -80 mV to -60 mV. The effect of @entity4 was also enhanced to a lesser extent but that of @entity2 was not affected in this range of depolarization. 6. The differential effects of the [K+]o elevation on the negative inotropic potencies of the three @entity1 antagonists are explained by the differences in voltage-dependency of their use-dependent blocking effects on ICa(L). 7. The properties of @entity5 and @entity4 observed in this study may contribute to their protective effects on the ischaemic myocardium, without affecting the normal myocardium.

title: Differential potentiation by depolarization of the effects of @entity1 antagonists on contraction and XXXX current in @entity3 heart.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. The effects of elevation of extracellular K+ concentration ([K+]o) on the negative inotropic potencies of three representative @entity1 antagonists, @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity2 , were investigated in @entity3 papillary muscle preparations. 2. The negative inotropic effect of @entity5 was potentiated 110 fold when [K+]o was raised from 2.7 mM to 12.7 mM. The effect of @entity4 was also potentiated to a lesser extent, but that of @entity2 was not affected. 3. Resting membrane potentials in ventricular muscles were about -80 mV and -60 mV in 2.7 mM K+ and 12.7 mM K+, respectively. 4. To clarify the mechanism responsible for the differential potentiation of the negative inotropic effects, the blocking actions of the three @entity1 antagonists on the L-type @entity0 channel current (ICa(L)) were compared at the holding potentials of -80 mV and -60 mV by the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. 5. The use-dependent blocking effect of @entity5 on ICa(L) was enhanced markedly by the change in the holding potential from -80 mV to -60 mV. The effect of @entity4 was also enhanced to a lesser extent but that of @entity2 was not affected in this range of depolarization. 6. The differential effects of the [K+]o elevation on the negative inotropic potencies of the three @entity1 antagonists are explained by the differences in voltage-dependency of their use-dependent blocking effects on ICa(L). 7. The properties of @entity5 and @entity4 observed in this study may contribute to their protective effects on the ischaemic myocardium, without affecting the normal myocardium.

title: Differential potentiation by depolarization of the effects of @entity1 antagonists on contraction and @entity0 current in XXXX heart.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The field potential evoked in the dentate gyrus (DG) by stimulation of the perforant path (PP) is known to vary with ongoing behavior and with brain temperature. To further study these phenomena chronic stimulating and recording electrodes were implanted into the PP and DG of @entity1 , and a thermistor was implanted into the contralateral homotopic DG. Field potentials and brain temperature records were made during (1) @entity0 ( @entity0 ), (2) radiant heating, (3) immersion in cool water, (4) a control session during which no manipulations were made, and (5) under @entity4 anesthesia. In another group of @entity1 field potentials were recorded during (1) baseline immobile wakefulness, (2) @entity0 , (3) before @entity0 or after gentle awakening from @entity0 ( @entity3 and presence of intermittent @entity2 ), (4) immobile wakefulness, and (5) 24 h later. Findings were that field @entity5 decreased and population spike (PS) amplitude increased by up to 60% of baseline values during conditions in which brain temperature was reduced ( @entity0 , immersion in cool water, @entity4 anesthesia). Conversely, @entity5 increased and PS amplitude decreased by up to 100% of baseline values during conditions in which brain temperature increased (awakening from @entity0 , radiant heating, and warming after immersion in cool water or @entity4 anesthesia). Product moment correlations between brain temperature and field potential measures confirmed the statistical reliability of these findings and accounted for up to 77% of the variance. These findings confirm the robust effect on hippocampal field potentials of brain temperature changes due to exogenous heating and cooling, and extend this effect to anesthetic- and sleep-induced brain temperature changes. They also identify a state that behaviorally resembles quiet wakefulness but resembles @entity0 in terms of neocortical EEG, brain temperature, and hippocampal field potential measures. The findings indicate the need to control for brain temperature-mediated changes in hippocampal research that uses the dentate gyrus field potential as a dependent measure.

title: Brain temperature- and behavior-related changes in the dentate gyrus field potential during sleep, cold water immersion, radiant heating, and XXXX anesthesia.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Analysis of 207 case reports on @entity0 with ring autosome showed that: Forty @entity0 , a fifth of the total, had @entity3 together with an otherwise almost-normal appearance, viz. no major @entity2 , no specific deletion syndrome, no or only a few unspecific @entity1 . This phenotype may be regarded as the " @entity5 ", a term proposed by Cote et al. (1981) since it is independent of what chromosome is involved. @entity3 , the sole major physical @entity4 ", was seen significantly more often among @entity0 with ring of larger chromosomes than among @entity0 with a smaller ring, indicating that the greater the chromosome involved in ring formation, the higher is the probability of severe @entity3 . Larger ring chromosomes showed significantly more often instability than smaller rings, suggesting that there may be a correlation between ring instability and the size of the chromosome involved. @entity3 was present in significantly more @entity0 with a "labile" ring than with a "stable" ring, indicating that a correlation may exist between ring instability and @entity3 . It is suggested that the " @entity5 " observed in many cases with ring autosome may result from end-to-end fusion of chromosome ends, an event not involving deletion in the genetic sense. It is also suggested that the " @entity5 " is caused by a continuous generation of secondary aneuploid cells with increased mortality, i.e. structural ring instability which seems to be a function of the size of the chromosome involved. Thus, formation of a ring chromosome in certain cases might be regarded as a "structural mutation", i.e. an alteration in the structure of the genetic material per se, rather than a loss or gain of genetic dosages.

title: Does " XXXX " exist? An analysis of 207 case reports on @entity0 with a ring autosome.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Analysis of 207 case reports on @entity0 with ring autosome showed that: Forty @entity0 , a fifth of the total, had @entity3 together with an otherwise almost-normal appearance, viz. no major @entity2 , no specific deletion syndrome, no or only a few unspecific @entity1 . This phenotype may be regarded as the " @entity5 ", a term proposed by Cote et al. (1981) since it is independent of what chromosome is involved. @entity3 , the sole major physical @entity4 ", was seen significantly more often among @entity0 with ring of larger chromosomes than among @entity0 with a smaller ring, indicating that the greater the chromosome involved in ring formation, the higher is the probability of severe @entity3 . Larger ring chromosomes showed significantly more often instability than smaller rings, suggesting that there may be a correlation between ring instability and the size of the chromosome involved. @entity3 was present in significantly more @entity0 with a "labile" ring than with a "stable" ring, indicating that a correlation may exist between ring instability and @entity3 . It is suggested that the " @entity5 " observed in many cases with ring autosome may result from end-to-end fusion of chromosome ends, an event not involving deletion in the genetic sense. It is also suggested that the " @entity5 " is caused by a continuous generation of secondary aneuploid cells with increased mortality, i.e. structural ring instability which seems to be a function of the size of the chromosome involved. Thus, formation of a ring chromosome in certain cases might be regarded as a "structural mutation", i.e. an alteration in the structure of the genetic material per se, rather than a loss or gain of genetic dosages.

title: Does " @entity5 " exist? An analysis of 207 case reports on XXXX with a ring autosome.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Liposomes containing the drug @entity3 ( @entity3 ) can eliminate phagocytic cells, such as macrophages, when injected in vivo. In this paper we report that @entity3 -containing liposomes have been used experimentally to determine the extent to which cutaneous macrophages participate (1) in the induction of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) when hapten is painted on normal @entity0 skin, and (2) in the induction of @entity1 or tolerance when hapten is painted on @entity0 skin that has been exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Intradermal (i.d.) injections of @entity3 -containing liposomes were found to have no deleterious effects on @entity1 induction via normal skin, whether the amount of hapten ( @entity2 ) applied to the cutaneous surface was optimal or excessive. Moreover, @entity3 -containing liposomes did not deplete the epidermis of Langerhans' cells. However, similar i.d. injections of @entity3 -containing liposomes did prevent the induction of @entity1 when hapten was painted on UVB-irradiated skin of BALB/c @entity0 , a strain that develops @entity1 when hapten is applied to UVB-exposed skin. These findings indicate that the antigen-presenting cell (APC) function found in skin of UVB-resistant @entity0 following exposure to UVB radiation can be attributed to macrophages. This explains why these @entity0 develop and display @entity1 after UVB radiation. By contrast, i.d. injections of @entity3 -containing liposomes failed to prevent the induction of the tolerance when hapten was applied to the surface of UVB-exposed skin of UVB-susceptible @entity0 , such as C57BL/6. Since the dermis of UVB-exposed skin of these @entity0 is known to contain a novel population of cells that can provide a tolerance-conferring signal, the current findings rule out macrophages as the responsible cell type.

title: Role of phagocytic macrophages in induction of XXXX and tolerance by hapten applied to normal and ultraviolet B-irradiated skin.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe early outcome and technical treatment aspects of four @entity0 with pediatric @entity1 receiving local therapy using interstitial brachytherapy at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute since 1991. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Two @entity0 with primary @entity2 and two @entity0 with primary @entity1 received interstitial brachytherapy with needle-template techniques following chemotherapy. Two @entity0 were treated for salvage following local failure after primary chemotherapy and two @entity0 electively after initial induction chemotherapy, one following limited surgical excision. Three @entity0 were treated exclusively with brachytherapy with doses of 50-55 Gy (LDR), and one @entity0 also received external beam radiation. RESULTS: Resultant implants, dosimetry, and dose prescriptions are described and illustrated. Follow-up is short (14-27 months), but all @entity0 remain well without significant sequelae. One @entity0 required salvage surgery for local failure. CONCLUSION: Interstitial brachytherapy using needle-template techniques described is an ideal method of local ablative therapy for pediatric @entity1 . Functional and late sequelae should be less than that of radical surgery or external beam radiation. There are technical and practical advantages compared with other brachytherapy techniques described in the literature.

title: Treatment of pediatric XXXX with interstitial brachytherapy: Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute experience with four cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Peptic @entity1 in Western Europe, Japan, and the United States is characterized by marked temporal changes which suggest that environmental factors are important in the etiology of @entity2 . The present study examines at what age these factors start becoming effective. When the average age-specific death rates from 18 countries are plotted vs the year of birth, the fall of @entity2 mortality related to successive birth-cohorts is continuously preserved in the age group of 15-19 years. Although the younger age groups also display a decline in @entity1 , it is not possible to discern unequivocally whether they follow the temporal pattern of birth-cohort risks. In the second analysis, the number of @entity0 from each individual country is accumulated over time, and the geographic variation in the age-specific mortality is compared for these countries. The death rates of consecutive age groups from different countries change in a parallel manner. The linear relationships between each two consecutive age groups start at the age of 5 years in @entity2 and at the age of 15 years in duodenal @entity1 . These findings again suggest that the determinants for the risk of dying from @entity2 begin to act at an age lower than 15. The contention of environmental factors starting to act before the age of 15 would remain valid, even if factors unrelated to etiology, such as different reporting for childhood and adult mortality, contributed to the different patterns of childhood and adult death rates. However, the actual cut-off age of @entity2 would then be shifted towards younger ages.

title: Causative factors in the etiology of peptic XXXX disease become effective before the age of 15 years.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To classify lesions discovered at colectomy in @entity0 with @entity1 ; to assess the importance of histological findings by correlating them with biochemical parameters. METHODS: Liver tissue specimens taken at colectomy from 59 @entity0 with chronic @entity1 were studied using light microscopy. The findings were compared with results of biochemical liver function tests. RESULTS: Abnormal laboratory findings were found in 12 @entity0 with liver histology consistent with @entity3 . Non-specific reactive @entity2 was observed in six @entity0 , eight had @entity4 , and three minor non-specific parenchymal changes. Twenty nine @entity0 had normal liver histology. The highest cholestatic serum enzyme activities were seen in two @entity0 with @entity3 . Cholangiography in these @entity0 also revealed changes in the extrahepatic bile ducts. However, identical histological changes were also present in @entity0 with only slightly abnormal or even normal liver enzyme activities. CONCLUSION: Biochemical tests of liver function do not reliably indicate the extent or severity of bile duct damage in @entity1 , the assessment of which requires liver biopsy.

title: Liver lesions found at colectomy in XXXX : correlation between histological findings and biochemical parameters.

answer: @entity1


abstract: It has been postulated that in @entity3 , the hemodynamic effects of compression of the right heart chambers and great veins are more important than are the effects of left heart compression. In 10 anesthetized @entity1 with surgically compartmented pericardium, the hemodynamic effects of right atrial and right ventricular compression were compared with the hemodynamic effects of left @entity2 . The effects of right heart compression, left heart compression, and then effects of combined right and left heart compression, were compared at three levels of intrapericardial pressure: 10, 15 and 20 mm Hg. Aortic mean pressure decreased significantly at each level of intrapericardial pressure with right-sided tamponade but not with left-sided tamponade. Left atrial mean pressures decreased significantly with right-sided tamponade and increased with left-sided and combined tamponade. Right atrial mean pressures increased significantly with right-sided and combined tamponade, but not with left-sided tamponade. Heart rate increased significantly with each of the three varieties of tamponade. Cardiac output and @entity0 volume, which decreased with each variety of tamponade, were significantly lower during right-sided than during left-sided tamponade. Combined tamponade lowered @entity0 volume more than did right-sided tamponade, and lowered cardiac output more at 15 and 20 mm Hg intrapericardial pressure. It is concluded that, in this preparation, right-sided cardiac compression has more important hemodynamic effects than does left-sided compression. However, left-sided tamponade still makes a significant contribution to the total hemodynamic picture of @entity3 .

title: XXXX : a comparison of right versus left heart compression.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to determine the mechanism by which improvement in hemodynamic variables may occur with dual-chamber pacing in @entity0 with severe @entity3 . BACKGROUND: Dual-chamber pacing has recently been proposed as a therapeutic alternative for the relief of symptoms in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: Fifteen @entity0 with severe @entity3 were studied acutely during atrioventricular (AV) sequential pacing at various AV intervals (60, 100, 120, 140, 180 and 240 ms) with use of combined Doppler velocity curves and pressures obtained by high fidelity manometer-tipped catheters and thermodilution cardiac output. RESULTS: Neither cardiac output nor mean left atrial pressure was significantly different when hemodynamic variables in the baseline state were compared with those during AV sequential pacing at the various AV intervals in all @entity0 . The @entity0 were classified into two groups. In group I (eight @entity0 with PR intervals > 200 ms on the rest 12-lead electrocardiogram), cardiac output was significantly increased when AV sequential pacing at the optimal AV interval to output was compared with that at the baseline state (3.0 +/- 1.0 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.43 liters/min, p = 0.005) because timing of mechanical atrial and ventricular synchrony was optimized. In addition, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and duration of diastolic filling were increased, and @entity1 was abolished. In group II (seven @entity0 who had normal AV conduction at rest), cardiac output during AV pacing decreased from the baseline value without change in the diastolic filling period. CONCLUSIONS: Dual-chamber pacing may improve acute hemodynamic variables in selected @entity0 with @entity2 , mainly by optimization of the timing of mechanical atrial and ventricular synchrony. Reestablishment of the optimal diastolic filling period and @entity1 may also contribute to hemodynamic improvement.

title: Mechanism of hemodynamic improvement by dual-chamber pacing for severe XXXX : an acute Doppler and catheterization hemodynamic study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The hypothesis was that cardiac surgery for symptomatic @entity5 in conjunction with adjunctive therapy could improve the long-term outlook of @entity0 with @entity5 . BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity5 have a dismal prognosis; most die of progressive @entity7 within 1 year after onset of symptoms. Improved therapies for the systemic manifestations of the @entity9 have resulted in symptomatic improvement and prolonged survival in @entity0 without @entity5 . METHODS: Twenty-six @entity0 with symptomatic @entity5 underwent valvular surgery. Preoperative clinical, laboratory, Doppler echocardiographic and hemodynamic factors were evaluated. The survival of the surgical group was compared with that of a control group of 40 medically treated @entity0 . RESULTS: There were nine perioperative @entity4 (35%), primarily from @entity3 and @entity2 . Of the 17 surgical survivors, 8 were alive at a mean of 28 months of follow-up. The postoperative functional class of the eight surviving @entity0 was substantially improved. Late @entity4 were primarily due to @entity6 caused by @entity1 . The only predictor of operative mortality (p = 0.03) was low voltage on preoperative electrocardiography (limb lead voltage < or = 5 mm). Predictors of late survival included a lower preoperative somatostatin requirement and a lower preoperative urinary @entity8 level. There was a trend toward increased survival for the surgical group compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Because new therapies have improved survival in @entity0 with the @entity10 , @entity5 has become a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Valve surgery is the only definitive treatment. Although cardiac surgery carries a high perioperative mortality, marked symptomatic improvement occurs in survivors. Surgical intervention should therefore be considered when cardiac symptoms become severe.

title: Outcome of cardiac surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Skin thickening simulating @entity7 , or progressive @entity3 , has previously been reported in @entity0 and adults with @entity6 . We have studied eighty-nine @entity0 with @entity6 and twenty-five normal control subjects. Clinical evidence of skin thickening ( @entity1 thick skin) was found in 22% of @entity0 with @entity6 and in 4% of control subjects (p less than 0.05). Full-thickness skin biopsy specimens were taken from the forearm of nine @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity1 thick skin, four @entity0 with @entity6 and clinically normal skin, four @entity0 with progressive @entity3 , and four normal control subjects. The sections stained with @entity4 and @entity5 showed increased thickness of the dermis of the forearm skin in all @entity1 @entity0 . In @entity1 thick skin the collagen bundles were large, disorganized, and separated by clear spaces. Small amounts of acid mucopolysaccharides were present in the upper reticular dermis of five @entity0 with @entity1 thick skin. Electron microscopy of the dermis showed @entity2 membrane thickening in Groups 1, 2, and 3. All @entity0 with @entity1 thick skin showed active fibroblasts and extensive collagen polymerization in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Occasional collagen flowers were noted in all @entity0 with @entity1 thick skin. Measurements of 100 collagen fibers in the upper and lower reticular dermis of each biopsy specimen showed predominance of large fibers (greater than 60 nm) in Groups 1 and 2. Unlike @entity7 , @entity1 thick skin resulted in small fiber sizes (less than 60 nm) only rarely, and bimodality of fiber sizes was not seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pathologic features of XXXX thick skin.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Fetal thymus organ culture (FTOC) has become widely used to investigate the impact of immunomodulators on T cell development. However, these studies have given variable results among different laboratories. In this study, we have found that fetal tissue age and @entity0 differences can affect the development of T cell phenotypes in this system. T cell development in FTOC occurred in two 'waves', defined as peaks of cell recovery. The first wave consisted initially of @entity1 -CD8- @entity2 ( @entity2 ) cells and @entity1 -CD8+ single positive (SP) T cells expressing gamma delta T cell receptor (TCR). @entity1 +CD8+ double positive (DP) cells expressing low levels of alpha beta TCR were produced soon thereafter; and these cells dominated the cultures for the balance of the first wave. Prolonged FTOC resulted in the production of another wave of T cells which were relatively enriched for @entity1 or CD8 SP cells expressing high levels of alpha beta TCR, as well as @entity2 cells and @entity1 -CD8+ SP T cells expressing high levels of gamma delta TCR. As defined by cell number and differentiation of alpha beta TCR SP cells, development was delayed in FTOC using fetal thymus tissue from younger fetuses relative to that observed when older fetal thymus tissue was used. The degree of development of T cells in FTOC was also strain dependent. Organ cultures derived from 14 gestation days (gd) C.B-17 scid/scid fetal thymus did not generate TCR-bearing mature SP cells, but they did produce TCR-negative @entity1 and CD8 SP cells likely to be precursors of DP thymocytes. Such cultures made from 18 gd tissue did not produce SP cells. Negative selection in FTOC was also evaluated. Mtv-specific V beta 3 cells were deleted in FTOC of C3H/HeN tissue. Deletion occurred only in late FTOC, suggesting a late encounter between the Mtv deleting elements and susceptible T cells during ontogeny. These results show that while FTOC recapitulates normal thymic development by a variety of criteria, results can be influenced by the length of culture, as well as by the age and strain of fetal thymus tissue utilized.

title: Programmed differentiation of XXXX thymocytes during fetal thymus organ culture.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Developmental changes in the levels of @entity2 ( @entity1 ) receptor subunit mRNAs were identified in @entity0 brain using solution hybridization/RNase protection assays. Pronounced increases in the levels of mRNAs encoding @entity5 and @entity6 were seen in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum between postnatal days 7 and 20. In cortex and hippocampus, the expression of @entity3 mRNA was high in neonatal @entity0 and remained relatively constant over time. In contrast, in cerebellum, the level of @entity3 mRNA was highest at postnatal day 1 and declined to undetectable levels by postnatal day 28. @entity7 mRNA was not detectable in cerebellum before postnatal day 11, after which it increased to reach adult levels by postnatal day 28. In cortex, the expression of @entity6 and @entity3 mRNAs corresponds to the previously described developmental profile of @entity1 receptor subtypes having low and high affinities for @entity4 , i.e., a delayed expression of @entity6 correlating with the late expression of low-affinity @entity4 sites. In cortex and hippocampus, the predominant splice variants of @entity5 were those without the 5' insert and with or without both 3' inserts. In cerebellum, however, the major @entity5 variants were those containing the 5' insert and lacking both 3' inserts. The results show that the expression of @entity5 splice variants and NR2 subunits is differentially regulated in various brain regions during development. Changes in subunit expression are likely to underlie some of the changes in the functional and pharmacological properties of @entity1 receptors that occur during development.

title: Expression of mRNAs encoding subunits of the XXXX receptor in developing @entity0 brain.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Developmental changes in the levels of @entity2 ( @entity1 ) receptor subunit mRNAs were identified in @entity0 brain using solution hybridization/RNase protection assays. Pronounced increases in the levels of mRNAs encoding @entity5 and @entity6 were seen in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum between postnatal days 7 and 20. In cortex and hippocampus, the expression of @entity3 mRNA was high in neonatal @entity0 and remained relatively constant over time. In contrast, in cerebellum, the level of @entity3 mRNA was highest at postnatal day 1 and declined to undetectable levels by postnatal day 28. @entity7 mRNA was not detectable in cerebellum before postnatal day 11, after which it increased to reach adult levels by postnatal day 28. In cortex, the expression of @entity6 and @entity3 mRNAs corresponds to the previously described developmental profile of @entity1 receptor subtypes having low and high affinities for @entity4 , i.e., a delayed expression of @entity6 correlating with the late expression of low-affinity @entity4 sites. In cortex and hippocampus, the predominant splice variants of @entity5 were those without the 5' insert and with or without both 3' inserts. In cerebellum, however, the major @entity5 variants were those containing the 5' insert and lacking both 3' inserts. The results show that the expression of @entity5 splice variants and NR2 subunits is differentially regulated in various brain regions during development. Changes in subunit expression are likely to underlie some of the changes in the functional and pharmacological properties of @entity1 receptors that occur during development.

title: Expression of mRNAs encoding subunits of the @entity1 receptor in developing XXXX brain.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In order to use @entity5 as an analgesic in immunological experiments, we have studied the potential immunotoxicity of @entity5 . Three-week-old male @entity0 Riv:TOX @entity0 were subcutaneously treated with @entity5 by injection of 0.1, 0.4, or 1.6 mg/kg body weight per day over a period of 4 weeks. Concentrations used were within the range for @entity3 in @entity0 . A slight @entity2 was observed at the highest dose in one but not in a duplicate study. @entity4 were observed in all dose groups. Histopathologically glycogen storage was decreased and fatty vacuolation was found to be increased starting from the lowest dose group. The relative but not absolute weight of the lungs was slightly increased at the lowest dose, this phenomenon was therefore not dose-dependent. Histopathologically, a dose-dependent increase in @entity1 in the lung was found. At the 2 higher dose levels the weight of the adrenal glands was increased. No haematological changes were found, nor were there effects on bone marrow. In one of 2 studies indications of potential immunotoxicity noted were: an increased weight of the thymus, as well as an increased weight of popliteal and mesenteric lymph nodes. No effects on the weight of the spleen were found. Histologically, there were no changes in the lymphoid organs tested. Total immunoglobulin A concentrations in serum were significantly decreased in the highest dose group, whereas IgG concentrations were increased, albeit not statistically significantly. IgM and IgE concentrations showed no alterations. Two types of immune function assays were carried out: determination of natural killer cell activity and of mitogen responsiveness of spleen cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Assessment of immunotoxicity of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The frequency of @entity1 after cesarean section was studied during two periods. In the first period no strict preoperative hygienic routines were applied; 321 @entity0 were delivered by cesarean section during this period. In the next period strict hygienic routines were introduced; this period included 337 @entity0 . The @entity2 rate was significantly reduced during the second period from 20% to 16%. This reduction was found among the elective operations, and among parturients who had been treated in the hospital for more than 24 h prior to delivery. The frequency of @entity4 decreased significantly from the first to the second period, whereas no difference was found concerning wound @entity2 . Significantly fewer @entity0 contracted @entity3 during the second period. Since all @entity3 cases occurred in @entity4 @entity0 the results might indicate that not only the number of @entity0 contracting @entity2 but also the severity of the @entity2 was reduced. No @entity2 was found after emergency operations. Antibiotic prophylaxis might therefore be of value in this group of @entity0 .

title: Effect of a strict preoperative hygienic routine on the rate of XXXX following cesarean section.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This paper reports on an autopsied case manifesting an @entity3 that had developed 13 years after radiotherapy for @entity1 . The @entity0 was a 61-year-old @entity0 . He was found to have a @entity4 of the right lower bronchus with a swelling of the mediastinal and left supraclavicular lymph nodes in July of 1973. He received 60 Gy of irradiation in the right lung, the mediastinum, and the left supraclavicular region. Later, after doing well until August of 1986, a @entity4 of the esophagus was found at the upper intrathoracic site. Thus, he also received additional radiotherapy but died of @entity2 after this local recurrence 7 months later. At autopsy, no local recurrence of the primary @entity1 was found. The site of @entity3 was far from that of the primary @entity1 though it was included in the previous treatment ports. This suggests the possibility that the primary @entity3 had been induced by therapeutic irradiation. So far as we know, this is the first report of @entity3 that may have developed after irradiation for @entity1 .

title: [Esophageal cancer developing 13 years after radiotherapy of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: This investigation was made on sequential changes in the tongue caused by unilateral transection of the hypoglossal nerve in the @entity1 . These changes were examined on the basis of gross inspection of the lingual dorsal surface, histological aspects of the intrinsic muscle and interstitial tissues, morphological changes in the capillary loops of the filiform papillae utilizing plastic microcorrosion casts, and blood flux and number of erythrocytes in the lingual dorsum as determined by laser Doppler flowmetry. The period of examination following denervation of the hypoglossal nerve was divided into 3-5 days, 1, 2-3, 4-5, 6-7 and 66 weeks. The initial sign of histological change was an @entity0 change that later developed to @entity5 . This pathological change caused a change in volume on the lesion side of the tongue and finally formed a @entity4 on the dorsal surface and a scallop-like lateral margin. Four to five weeks after denervation, the lesion half swelled, and its lingual apex elongated forward with a coving of the lingual median groove. The filiform papillae showed decreased keratinization, and interpapillary intervals were somewhat widened. Capillary loops in the papillae began to change, showing slight twistings at the tips of loops. Additionally, bulging, coiling and tortuosity were observed on both crura. The loops showed more complicated transformation, and little recovery was observed even 66 weeks after denervation. Blood flux in the dorsal mucosa decreased very slowly after a slight increase. This process seemed to be in proportion to the transformational complexity of the capillary loops in the filiform papillae. In conclusion, unilateral transection of the hypoglossal nerve, which is composed almost entirely of efferent neurons, caused @entity0 and @entity3 with @entity2 in the lesion half of the tongue. Capillary loops in the filiform papillae were transformed markedly and successively by transection of the hypoglossal vasomotor neuron together with a slight decrease in blood flow in the dorsal mucosa. None of these changes recovered even at 66 weeks after transection.

title: Changes in histological structure and microvasculature of the XXXX tongue after transection of the hypoglossal nerve.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study is an attempt to interpret productive @entity2 within the framework of attribution psychology. The fundamental principles of this approach were supplied by Schachter in his publications on attribution research (basing on his theory of emotionality). First of all, an outline of Schachter's somatocognitive theory of emotion is given where emotions are interpreted as a result of (unspecific) neurovegetative excitation and certain characteristics of the external situation (the so-called cognitions). Experimental findings in connection with this approach are described. The concept of " @entity4 attribution" was developed by us using a central element of Schachter's concept as well as currently accepted principles of attribution psychology. " @entity4 attribution" points to situations in which an individual is confronted by somatic alterations without the presence of attributable external cognitions. The present article refers to two @entity1 cases where a somatocognitive @entity4 existed in the form of excessive physical changes. The @entity2 pattern of symptoms occurring in both @entity0 is interpreted by us as a result of @entity4 attribution. Finally, the article deals with an extension of these deliberations in the sense of a large-scale application of concepts of attribution psychology to the range of @entity3 . Productive symptoms as seen in endogenous and exogenous @entity3 should generally be interpreted as examples of @entity4 attribution.

title: [An attribution psychological approach for explaining productive XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity3 is the most frequent and severe manifestation of @entity5 . However, few data exist on the precise time course of symptoms preceding the onset of @entity2 . METHODS: We studied 80 consecutive @entity0 (29 retrospectively, 51 prospectively) with angiographically diagnosed @entity5 and, during a 6-month follow-up, recorded the time elapsed between the onset of the first symptoms and the onset of any @entity1 event (transient @entity1 attack or @entity2 ). We compared @entity0 with and without @entity1 events, with and without @entity2 , and, among @entity0 who had local signs at onset, those with and without subsequent @entity1 events. RESULTS: Cerebral or retinal @entity4 occurred in 42 @entity0 . It was inaugural in 9 @entity0 . In the 33 others, the time interval between the first symptoms (local signs and/or transient @entity1 attacks) and the onset of @entity2 ranged from a few minutes to 31 days; it was < or = 7 days in 82% of the @entity0 . No significant difference in the baseline characteristics of the @entity0 or in the angiographic pattern of dissection was found based on the presence or absence of @entity1 signs or of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: In carotid artery dissections, @entity2 usually occurs in the first few days after the onset of the first symptoms, whether local or @entity1 , but it can occur as much as 1 month later. This suggests that any potential preventive treatment should be initiated as early as possible after the onset of the first symptoms but might also be worth initiating even 1 month later.

title: Time course of symptoms in extracranial carotid artery dissections. A series of 80 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative radiotherapy with @entity4 and @entity5 in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity1 . METHODS: A prospective, open-label, non-randomized, phase II study was performed on 49 @entity0 with locally advanced @entity1 . Preoperative radiotherapy was conducted on linear accelerators (15 or 18  MV) with a @entity1 dose of 45  Gy in 25 fractions over 5  weeks, combined with @entity5 7  mg/m(2) on days 1 and 29 and oral @entity4 825  mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1-35. Surgery was performed 5-6  weeks after the end of chemoradiation. The primary study endpoint was histopathological complete regression rate (pCR; Dworak grade 4). RESULTS: Disease stage at diagnosis was T3 in 34 @entity0 (69%) and T4 in 15 @entity0 (31%). Positive lymph nodes were diagnosed in 28 @entity0 (57%). @entity2 (all grades) was documented in 35 @entity0 (71%). Grade 3 @entity2 were @entity8 (25%), @entity3 (2%), @entity6 (2%), and @entity7 (2%). No @entity0 experienced grade 4 @entity2 . A pCR was seen in 8 (16%, 95% CI 9-29%) @entity0 , a major response was noted in 24 (49%) @entity0 and a minor response in 14 (29%) @entity0 . R0 resection was performed in 46 @entity0 (93.9%) and R1 in 3 @entity0 (6.1%). @entity1 downstaging was documented in 26 @entity0 (53%). One-year disease-free survival was 93.3% and 1-year survival was 97.7%. CONCLUSION: Preoperative chemoradiation with @entity4 and @entity5 appeared to be effective with low @entity2 in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity1 .

title: Preoperative radiotherapy with @entity4 and XXXX in locally advanced rectal carcinoma.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of preoperative radiotherapy with @entity4 and @entity5 in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity1 . METHODS: A prospective, open-label, non-randomized, phase II study was performed on 49 @entity0 with locally advanced @entity1 . Preoperative radiotherapy was conducted on linear accelerators (15 or 18  MV) with a @entity1 dose of 45  Gy in 25 fractions over 5  weeks, combined with @entity5 7  mg/m(2) on days 1 and 29 and oral @entity4 825  mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1-35. Surgery was performed 5-6  weeks after the end of chemoradiation. The primary study endpoint was histopathological complete regression rate (pCR; Dworak grade 4). RESULTS: Disease stage at diagnosis was T3 in 34 @entity0 (69%) and T4 in 15 @entity0 (31%). Positive lymph nodes were diagnosed in 28 @entity0 (57%). @entity2 (all grades) was documented in 35 @entity0 (71%). Grade 3 @entity2 were @entity8 (25%), @entity3 (2%), @entity6 (2%), and @entity7 (2%). No @entity0 experienced grade 4 @entity2 . A pCR was seen in 8 (16%, 95% CI 9-29%) @entity0 , a major response was noted in 24 (49%) @entity0 and a minor response in 14 (29%) @entity0 . R0 resection was performed in 46 @entity0 (93.9%) and R1 in 3 @entity0 (6.1%). @entity1 downstaging was documented in 26 @entity0 (53%). One-year disease-free survival was 93.3% and 1-year survival was 97.7%. CONCLUSION: Preoperative chemoradiation with @entity4 and @entity5 appeared to be effective with low @entity2 in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity1 .

title: Preoperative radiotherapy with XXXX and @entity5 in locally advanced rectal carcinoma.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. The hypoglycaemic and hypoketonaemic effects of orally administered @entity8 were studied in @entity4 / @entity6 -induced @entity0 @entity1 . 2. Single oral 50 mg doses (approximately 7.5 mg kg-1) of @entity8 produced statistically significant reductions of plasma @entity2 (32 +/- 6% maximum reduction from baseline) and @entity7 (74 +/- 12% maximum reduction from baseline), with the peak effect on plasma @entity7 (3.5 h) preceding that for plasma @entity2 (6.0 h). 3. Lower doses (0.7-2.0 mg kg-1 daily) of @entity8 given repeatedly for seven days produced reductions of blood @entity2 and @entity7 equivalent to those produced with the higher single dose. Maximal reductions of plasma @entity7 were generally observed following the first dose of drug, whereas significant lowering of plasma @entity2 required several days of continuous dosing. 4. Repeated daily doses of @entity8 markedly reduced the overnight fasting @entity5 levels but not @entity2 levels of @entity0 @entity1 . 5. In conclusion, administration of the @entity3 oxidation inhibitor @entity8 , in the absence of concomitant insulin therapy, was able to lower the plasma @entity2 and @entity5 levels of insulin-deficient @entity4 / @entity6 @entity0 @entity1 . Only the plasma @entity7 were decreased to normal by this treatment.

title: Hypoglycaemic and hypoketonaemic effects of single and repeated oral doses of XXXX ( @entity8 ) in @entity4 / @entity6 -induced @entity0 @entity1 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: 1. The hypoglycaemic and hypoketonaemic effects of orally administered @entity8 were studied in @entity4 / @entity6 -induced @entity0 @entity1 . 2. Single oral 50 mg doses (approximately 7.5 mg kg-1) of @entity8 produced statistically significant reductions of plasma @entity2 (32 +/- 6% maximum reduction from baseline) and @entity7 (74 +/- 12% maximum reduction from baseline), with the peak effect on plasma @entity7 (3.5 h) preceding that for plasma @entity2 (6.0 h). 3. Lower doses (0.7-2.0 mg kg-1 daily) of @entity8 given repeatedly for seven days produced reductions of blood @entity2 and @entity7 equivalent to those produced with the higher single dose. Maximal reductions of plasma @entity7 were generally observed following the first dose of drug, whereas significant lowering of plasma @entity2 required several days of continuous dosing. 4. Repeated daily doses of @entity8 markedly reduced the overnight fasting @entity5 levels but not @entity2 levels of @entity0 @entity1 . 5. In conclusion, administration of the @entity3 oxidation inhibitor @entity8 , in the absence of concomitant insulin therapy, was able to lower the plasma @entity2 and @entity5 levels of insulin-deficient @entity4 / @entity6 @entity0 @entity1 . Only the plasma @entity7 were decreased to normal by this treatment.

title: Hypoglycaemic and hypoketonaemic effects of single and repeated oral doses of @entity8 ( XXXX ) in @entity4 / @entity6 -induced @entity0 @entity1 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: 1. The hypoglycaemic and hypoketonaemic effects of orally administered @entity8 were studied in @entity4 / @entity6 -induced @entity0 @entity1 . 2. Single oral 50 mg doses (approximately 7.5 mg kg-1) of @entity8 produced statistically significant reductions of plasma @entity2 (32 +/- 6% maximum reduction from baseline) and @entity7 (74 +/- 12% maximum reduction from baseline), with the peak effect on plasma @entity7 (3.5 h) preceding that for plasma @entity2 (6.0 h). 3. Lower doses (0.7-2.0 mg kg-1 daily) of @entity8 given repeatedly for seven days produced reductions of blood @entity2 and @entity7 equivalent to those produced with the higher single dose. Maximal reductions of plasma @entity7 were generally observed following the first dose of drug, whereas significant lowering of plasma @entity2 required several days of continuous dosing. 4. Repeated daily doses of @entity8 markedly reduced the overnight fasting @entity5 levels but not @entity2 levels of @entity0 @entity1 . 5. In conclusion, administration of the @entity3 oxidation inhibitor @entity8 , in the absence of concomitant insulin therapy, was able to lower the plasma @entity2 and @entity5 levels of insulin-deficient @entity4 / @entity6 @entity0 @entity1 . Only the plasma @entity7 were decreased to normal by this treatment.

title: Hypoglycaemic and hypoketonaemic effects of single and repeated oral doses of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in XXXX / @entity6 -induced @entity0 @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. The hypoglycaemic and hypoketonaemic effects of orally administered @entity8 were studied in @entity4 / @entity6 -induced @entity0 @entity1 . 2. Single oral 50 mg doses (approximately 7.5 mg kg-1) of @entity8 produced statistically significant reductions of plasma @entity2 (32 +/- 6% maximum reduction from baseline) and @entity7 (74 +/- 12% maximum reduction from baseline), with the peak effect on plasma @entity7 (3.5 h) preceding that for plasma @entity2 (6.0 h). 3. Lower doses (0.7-2.0 mg kg-1 daily) of @entity8 given repeatedly for seven days produced reductions of blood @entity2 and @entity7 equivalent to those produced with the higher single dose. Maximal reductions of plasma @entity7 were generally observed following the first dose of drug, whereas significant lowering of plasma @entity2 required several days of continuous dosing. 4. Repeated daily doses of @entity8 markedly reduced the overnight fasting @entity5 levels but not @entity2 levels of @entity0 @entity1 . 5. In conclusion, administration of the @entity3 oxidation inhibitor @entity8 , in the absence of concomitant insulin therapy, was able to lower the plasma @entity2 and @entity5 levels of insulin-deficient @entity4 / @entity6 @entity0 @entity1 . Only the plasma @entity7 were decreased to normal by this treatment.

title: Hypoglycaemic and hypoketonaemic effects of single and repeated oral doses of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in @entity4 / @entity6 -induced XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. The hypoglycaemic and hypoketonaemic effects of orally administered @entity8 were studied in @entity4 / @entity6 -induced @entity0 @entity1 . 2. Single oral 50 mg doses (approximately 7.5 mg kg-1) of @entity8 produced statistically significant reductions of plasma @entity2 (32 +/- 6% maximum reduction from baseline) and @entity7 (74 +/- 12% maximum reduction from baseline), with the peak effect on plasma @entity7 (3.5 h) preceding that for plasma @entity2 (6.0 h). 3. Lower doses (0.7-2.0 mg kg-1 daily) of @entity8 given repeatedly for seven days produced reductions of blood @entity2 and @entity7 equivalent to those produced with the higher single dose. Maximal reductions of plasma @entity7 were generally observed following the first dose of drug, whereas significant lowering of plasma @entity2 required several days of continuous dosing. 4. Repeated daily doses of @entity8 markedly reduced the overnight fasting @entity5 levels but not @entity2 levels of @entity0 @entity1 . 5. In conclusion, administration of the @entity3 oxidation inhibitor @entity8 , in the absence of concomitant insulin therapy, was able to lower the plasma @entity2 and @entity5 levels of insulin-deficient @entity4 / @entity6 @entity0 @entity1 . Only the plasma @entity7 were decreased to normal by this treatment.

title: Hypoglycaemic and hypoketonaemic effects of single and repeated oral doses of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in @entity4 / XXXX -induced @entity0 @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: 1. The hypoglycaemic and hypoketonaemic effects of orally administered @entity8 were studied in @entity4 / @entity6 -induced @entity0 @entity1 . 2. Single oral 50 mg doses (approximately 7.5 mg kg-1) of @entity8 produced statistically significant reductions of plasma @entity2 (32 +/- 6% maximum reduction from baseline) and @entity7 (74 +/- 12% maximum reduction from baseline), with the peak effect on plasma @entity7 (3.5 h) preceding that for plasma @entity2 (6.0 h). 3. Lower doses (0.7-2.0 mg kg-1 daily) of @entity8 given repeatedly for seven days produced reductions of blood @entity2 and @entity7 equivalent to those produced with the higher single dose. Maximal reductions of plasma @entity7 were generally observed following the first dose of drug, whereas significant lowering of plasma @entity2 required several days of continuous dosing. 4. Repeated daily doses of @entity8 markedly reduced the overnight fasting @entity5 levels but not @entity2 levels of @entity0 @entity1 . 5. In conclusion, administration of the @entity3 oxidation inhibitor @entity8 , in the absence of concomitant insulin therapy, was able to lower the plasma @entity2 and @entity5 levels of insulin-deficient @entity4 / @entity6 @entity0 @entity1 . Only the plasma @entity7 were decreased to normal by this treatment.

title: Hypoglycaemic and hypoketonaemic effects of single and repeated oral doses of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) in @entity4 / @entity6 -induced @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. Young (4-month-old) and old (20-month-old) @entity1 , maintained under water restriction, were trained to discriminate to obtain a small amount of drinking water as a reward. Each animal had to learn to press a lever corresponding to a light that was randomly distributed on the left or right. 2. Introduction of an auditory perturbation ("stress") during the discriminative phase of learning modified the capacity and rate of acquisition in both young and old animals, changes that were correlated with increases in plasma concentrations of @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity5 . 3. Stress-induced detrimental changes in both discrimination learning and plasma hormones were suppressed by 20 days of oral treatment with an extract of @entity6 leaves ( @entity7 ; 50 or 100 mg/kg/day) in both young and old @entity1 , effects that became statistically significant by the third day of learning (time of maximal acquisition rate). 4. @entity7 treatment was less effective in increasing the percentage of efficient lever presses in old than in young @entity1 , but more effective in decreasing the number of inefficient lever presses and reaction time in the older animals. 5. These results indicate that @entity7 can facilitate behavioral adaptation despite adverse environmental influences, a property that supports its clinical use in treating @entity2 , especially in elderly @entity0 .

title: Demonstration of the "anti-stress" activity of an extract of XXXX ( @entity7 ) using a discrimination learning task.

answer: @entity6


abstract: 1. Young (4-month-old) and old (20-month-old) @entity1 , maintained under water restriction, were trained to discriminate to obtain a small amount of drinking water as a reward. Each animal had to learn to press a lever corresponding to a light that was randomly distributed on the left or right. 2. Introduction of an auditory perturbation ("stress") during the discriminative phase of learning modified the capacity and rate of acquisition in both young and old animals, changes that were correlated with increases in plasma concentrations of @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity5 . 3. Stress-induced detrimental changes in both discrimination learning and plasma hormones were suppressed by 20 days of oral treatment with an extract of @entity6 leaves ( @entity7 ; 50 or 100 mg/kg/day) in both young and old @entity1 , effects that became statistically significant by the third day of learning (time of maximal acquisition rate). 4. @entity7 treatment was less effective in increasing the percentage of efficient lever presses in old than in young @entity1 , but more effective in decreasing the number of inefficient lever presses and reaction time in the older animals. 5. These results indicate that @entity7 can facilitate behavioral adaptation despite adverse environmental influences, a property that supports its clinical use in treating @entity2 , especially in elderly @entity0 .

title: Demonstration of the "anti-stress" activity of an extract of @entity6 ( XXXX ) using a discrimination learning task.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Photodynamic diagnosis is used during @entity2 surgery. Although some studies have shown that the spectrum of fluorescence was efficient for precise @entity1 diagnosis, previous methods to characterize the spectrum have been problematic, which can lead to misdiagnosis. In this paper, we introduce a comparison technique to characterize spectrum from pathology and results of preliminary measurement using @entity0 brain tissues. We developed a spectrum scanning system that enables spectra measurement of raw tissues. Because tissue preparations retain the shape of the device holder, spectra can be compared precisely with pathological examination. As a preliminary analysis, we measured 13 sample tissues from five @entity0 with @entity3 . The technique enabled us to measure spectra and compare them with pathological results. Some tissues exhibited a good relationship between spectra and pathological results. Although there were some false positive and false negative cases, false positive tissue had different spectra in which intensity of short-wavelength side was also high. The proposed technique provides an accurate comparison of quantitative fluorescence spectra with pathological results. We found that spectrum analysis may reduce false positive errors. These results will increase the accuracy of @entity1 tissue identification.

title: Precise comparison of protoporphyrin IX fluorescence spectra with pathological results for XXXX tissue identification.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of @entity0 ( @entity2 ) have been studied in @entity1 . They were studied following i.v. administration of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, and following oral doses of 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg of @entity2 . Following a bolus i.v. dose, the concentration of @entity2 in blood declined biphasically with a mean distribution half-life of 7 min and a mean elimination half-life of 28 min. The areas under the blood concentration versus time curves (AUC) were roughly proportional to dose indicating that the pharmacokinetics in this dose range were first order. The mean systemic clearance from blood was 65.8 ml/min/kg, the steady-state volume of distribution was 1.4 l/kg, and the mean residence time was 20 min. Following the oral doses, the AUC and peak concentration in blood were not proportional to the dose. It is likely that the pharmacokinetics at the lower dose were first order, but at the higher dose the pharmacokinetics were no longer first order because metabolism was saturated. The bioavailability of the 1.0 mg/kg dose was 67%. Since the clearance was probably due to metabolism and the clearance from blood exceeded hepatic blood flow, the high bioavailability suggests that extrahepatic metabolism plays an important role in the systemic clearance of @entity2 in @entity1 .

title: Pharmacokinetics of XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The pharmacokinetics of @entity0 ( @entity2 ) have been studied in @entity1 . They were studied following i.v. administration of 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg, and following oral doses of 1.0 and 5.0 mg/kg of @entity2 . Following a bolus i.v. dose, the concentration of @entity2 in blood declined biphasically with a mean distribution half-life of 7 min and a mean elimination half-life of 28 min. The areas under the blood concentration versus time curves (AUC) were roughly proportional to dose indicating that the pharmacokinetics in this dose range were first order. The mean systemic clearance from blood was 65.8 ml/min/kg, the steady-state volume of distribution was 1.4 l/kg, and the mean residence time was 20 min. Following the oral doses, the AUC and peak concentration in blood were not proportional to the dose. It is likely that the pharmacokinetics at the lower dose were first order, but at the higher dose the pharmacokinetics were no longer first order because metabolism was saturated. The bioavailability of the 1.0 mg/kg dose was 67%. Since the clearance was probably due to metabolism and the clearance from blood exceeded hepatic blood flow, the high bioavailability suggests that extrahepatic metabolism plays an important role in the systemic clearance of @entity2 in @entity1 .

title: Pharmacokinetics of @entity0 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: From January 1988 to December 1992, 106 @entity0 with advanced @entity1 were preoperatively explored by clinical examination (CE) and endosonography (ESG) under anesthesia and by computed tomography (CT). Sixty-one @entity1 were primary and 45 recurrent; the main locations were cervical (73 cases), ovarian (10 cases), and endometrial (8 cases). All the @entity0 were operated. This prospective study compares the data from clinical and imaging examinations with the histologic findings and the surgical reports. Accuracy of the CE, ESG, cytoscopy, and CT was respectively 79, 90, 82, and 80% for vesical involvement (ESG versus CT: P < 0.05). For vesicovaginal septum extension, accuracy of ESG (92%) was statistically better than that of CE (80%) and CT (77%). Accuracy of the CE, ESG, and CT was respectively 93, 97, and 89% for rectal involvement (ESG versus CT: P < 0.02). For rectovaginal septum extension, accuracy of ESG (96%) was statistically better than that of CE (85%) and CT (85%). Endosonography is valuable in the assessment of regional staging of advanced gynecologic @entity1 . Since it is realized during the clinical examination under anesthesia, this low-cost procedure is easily performed and provided no discomfort to the @entity0 .

title: Pelvic staging of advanced and recurrent gynecologic XXXX : contribution of endosonography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Currently, pharmacogenetic studies are at an impasse as the low prevalence (<2%) of most variants hinder their pharmacogenetic analysis with population sizes often inadequate for sufficiently powered studies. Grouping rare mutations by functional phenotype rather than mutation site can potentially increase sample size. Using @entity0 population-based studies (n = 1,761) to search for dysfunctional @entity0 prostacyclin receptor (hIP) variants, we recently discovered 18 non-synonymous mutations, all with frequencies less than 2% in our study cohort. Eight of the 18 had defects in binding, activation, and/or protein stability/folding. Mutations ( @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity6 ) in three highly conserved positions demonstrated severe misfolding manifested by impaired binding and activation of cell surface receptors. To assess for association with @entity3 , we performed a case-control study comparing coronary angiographic results from @entity0 with reduced @entity1 production arising from the non-synonymous mutations (n = 23) with @entity0 with non-synonymous mutations that had no reduction in @entity1 (n = 17). Major @entity3 was significantly increased in the dysfunctional mutation group in comparison with the silent mutations. We then compared the 23 dysfunctional receptor @entity0 with 69 age- and risk factor-matched controls (1:3). This verified the significantly increased @entity2 . This study demonstrates the potential utility of in vitro functional characterization in predicting clinical phenotypes and represents the most comprehensive characterization of @entity0 prostacyclin receptor genetic variants to date.

title: Comprehensive biochemical analysis of rare prostacyclin receptor variants: study of association of signaling with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteochondral autograft transplantation has been advocated to treat severe @entity5 dissecans of the humeral capitellum in throwing athletes to reproduce the normal hyaline cartilage and achieve long-term elbow function. Although some authors have reported good outcomes, the current authors are concerned about functional recovery of the donor knee after osteochondral grafts have been harvested. PURPOSE: The present prospective study analyzed functional recovery of the donor knee after osteochondral graft harvest. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Twelve male @entity0 (average age at surgery, 14.4 years) had severe @entity5 dissecans of the humeral capitellum treated with osteochondral autograft transplantation from the contralateral knee joint. The donor knee of each @entity0 was assessed for @entity1 (visual analog scale), joint effusion, Lysholm score, radiographic findings, and muscle strength (60 and 180 deg/sec). RESULTS: At 3 months after surgery, 10 @entity0 were @entity1 -free (visual analog scale score, 0); none had @entity3 ; and 10 gained 100 points in the Lysholm score. However, muscle power (60 deg/sec) of the knee extensor revealed 8 @entity0 with reduced muscle strength at 3 months compared with the preoperative level, although 11 @entity0 reached preoperative knee extensor muscle strength at 12 months. Radiographic findings at 24 months showed that none of the @entity0 had @entity2 . CONCLUSION: A time lag was evident in recovery between postoperative symptoms and muscle power at 3 months. However, harvesting osteochondral grafts did not exert adverse effects on donor knee function in young athletes at 2 years after undergoing osteochondral autograft transplantation for @entity4 .

title: Functional recovery of the donor knee after autologous osteochondral transplantation for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To introduce a simple, well-standardised vaginal ultrasound technique and to compare the position and mobility of the @entity1 in continent and stress incontinent @entity0 using this technique. DESIGN: A single-centre prospective case-control study. SETTING: Ikazia Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. SUBJECTS: One hundred and sixty @entity0 ; sixty randomly chosen @entity0 referred to our outpatient department who volunteered for the study to develop a standardised technique, fifty stress-incontinent @entity0 and fifty controls who volunteered for the study for comparison using the standardised technique. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Standardisation with regard to bladder volume, horizontal axis and Valsalva force. The position of the @entity1 at rest, during straining and during squeezing. RESULTS: The probe we use does not alter @entity1 mobility. A standardised bladder volume of 250 ml was used rather than maximum bladder capacity. A Foley catheter introduced into the bladder, with the balloon half-filled with soapy water and half with air gives an easily recognisable fluid level, which is parallel to the horizontal axis of the @entity0 . A standardised Valsalva force of 30 cm @entity2 can exclude differences in @entity1 mobility due to spontaneous and uncontrolled abdominal force. Measurements by two independently working investigators showed good conformity. The position of the @entity1 in the stress incontinent @entity0 was significantly lower and significantly more posterior at rest, during straining and during squeezing. At the same time in stress incontinent @entity0 there was significantly more descent during straining and less elevation during squeezing. However, there was a considerable overlap between the two groups for all parameters. CONCLUSIONS: This standardised vaginal ultrasound technique is a feasible, acceptable and reproducible technique for the study of female @entity1 mobility. The position and mobility of the @entity1 is significantly different in stress incontinent @entity0 as compared to continent controls. The great overlap between the two groups still limits the clinical relevance.

title: Vaginal ultrasound studies of XXXX mobility.

answer: @entity1


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: @entity3 @entity0 (CPP) are generally thought to present with reduced @entity2 in relation with @entity1 enhancement during exercise. A distortion of exertion perception may coexist, which could lead CPP to reduce physical activities. DESIGN: Case-control study, with a nonrandomized consecutive sample that was age matched. SETTING: A @entity3 Unit in a Multidisciplinary Pain Center of a university hospital in a city of > 1,000,000 inhabitants. SUBJECTS: 42 CPP referred for evaluation and 34 controls (staff members and relatives). OUTCOME MEASURES: Fitness index and exertion perception index was obtained by a cycle ergometer test. Trend analysis was performed on @entity1 scores reported on a visual analogue scale during exertion. RESULTS: Male CPP mean @entity2 index was found to be significantly reduced. No difference in exertion perception was found between groups. Trend analysis of reported @entity1 revealed that 49% of CPP showed a positive trend, 5% a negative trend, and 46% showed no significant trend as exercise intensity increased. There was no significant relation between type of trend and @entity2 nor exertion perception index. CONCLUSIONS: Only male CPP have a reduced work capacity. Exertion perception seems normal among CPP. The possible distortion of exertion perception as a causal factor in the reduced @entity2 of CPP has to be rejected. Lack of significant correlation between type of trend of @entity1 while exercising on a cycle ergometer and @entity2 index shows that one should be careful in proposing that reduced @entity2 is only related to @entity1 enhancement during exercise in CPP.

title: Perception of XXXX and exertion during exercise on a cycle ergometer in chronic @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: @entity3 @entity0 (CPP) are generally thought to present with reduced @entity2 in relation with @entity1 enhancement during exercise. A distortion of exertion perception may coexist, which could lead CPP to reduce physical activities. DESIGN: Case-control study, with a nonrandomized consecutive sample that was age matched. SETTING: A @entity3 Unit in a Multidisciplinary Pain Center of a university hospital in a city of > 1,000,000 inhabitants. SUBJECTS: 42 CPP referred for evaluation and 34 controls (staff members and relatives). OUTCOME MEASURES: Fitness index and exertion perception index was obtained by a cycle ergometer test. Trend analysis was performed on @entity1 scores reported on a visual analogue scale during exertion. RESULTS: Male CPP mean @entity2 index was found to be significantly reduced. No difference in exertion perception was found between groups. Trend analysis of reported @entity1 revealed that 49% of CPP showed a positive trend, 5% a negative trend, and 46% showed no significant trend as exercise intensity increased. There was no significant relation between type of trend and @entity2 nor exertion perception index. CONCLUSIONS: Only male CPP have a reduced work capacity. Exertion perception seems normal among CPP. The possible distortion of exertion perception as a causal factor in the reduced @entity2 of CPP has to be rejected. Lack of significant correlation between type of trend of @entity1 while exercising on a cycle ergometer and @entity2 index shows that one should be careful in proposing that reduced @entity2 is only related to @entity1 enhancement during exercise in CPP.

title: Perception of @entity1 and exertion during exercise on a cycle ergometer in chronic XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: @entity3 @entity0 (CPP) are generally thought to present with reduced @entity2 in relation with @entity1 enhancement during exercise. A distortion of exertion perception may coexist, which could lead CPP to reduce physical activities. DESIGN: Case-control study, with a nonrandomized consecutive sample that was age matched. SETTING: A @entity3 Unit in a Multidisciplinary Pain Center of a university hospital in a city of > 1,000,000 inhabitants. SUBJECTS: 42 CPP referred for evaluation and 34 controls (staff members and relatives). OUTCOME MEASURES: Fitness index and exertion perception index was obtained by a cycle ergometer test. Trend analysis was performed on @entity1 scores reported on a visual analogue scale during exertion. RESULTS: Male CPP mean @entity2 index was found to be significantly reduced. No difference in exertion perception was found between groups. Trend analysis of reported @entity1 revealed that 49% of CPP showed a positive trend, 5% a negative trend, and 46% showed no significant trend as exercise intensity increased. There was no significant relation between type of trend and @entity2 nor exertion perception index. CONCLUSIONS: Only male CPP have a reduced work capacity. Exertion perception seems normal among CPP. The possible distortion of exertion perception as a causal factor in the reduced @entity2 of CPP has to be rejected. Lack of significant correlation between type of trend of @entity1 while exercising on a cycle ergometer and @entity2 index shows that one should be careful in proposing that reduced @entity2 is only related to @entity1 enhancement during exercise in CPP.

title: Perception of @entity1 and exertion during exercise on a cycle ergometer in chronic @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A 72-year-old @entity0 with severe @entity2 developed @entity7 requiring surgery. Tracheal intubation was performed during the procedure. Gradually worsening @entity5 and @entity3 developed postoperatively. Laryngoscopy showed @entity4 and coalescence of the arytenoid cartilages. Despite surgical treatment, permanent tracheostomy was required. There is evidence that laryngeal involvement is common but usually subclinical or mild in @entity2 @entity0 . Tracheal intubation can cause the laryngeal lesions to flare. Clinical manifestations are nonspecific and sometimes misleading (e.g., cough or pharyngeal and @entity1 ). Direct laryngoscopy and computed tomography of the larynx allow evaluation of the lesions of the different components of the larynx. The case reported herein demonstrates that @entity2 @entity0 should be screened for laryngeal involvement by history and ENT examination and that any @entity6 should be reported to the anesthesiologist if tracheal intubation is planned.

title: [Severe laryngeal involvement in XXXX requiring permanent tracheostomy].

answer: @entity2


abstract: In order to quantify the effect of specific drugs on the cerebral cortex an "in vivo" model has been developed for the induction and the observation of anoxic @entity2 . @entity0 are used as test animals. Sensors for the assessment of local parameters are chronically implanted: ECoG electrodes are applied; @entity3 electrodes are inserted into the cortical tissue. The derived somatosensory evoked potentials are used for evaluating the cerebral cortical function. Animals are cannulated with a tracheal tube, curarized and artificially ventilated. Anoxic @entity2 , controlled by a special purpose microprocessor system, may then be induced and repeated in a reproducible way. During the experiments local ( @entity3 , ECoG, SEP) as well as general parameters (ECG, heart rate, systemic blood pressure, rectal temperature) are recorded and stored on analog magnetic tape as well as digitized with the microprocessor system. The cortical @entity3 is measured with a polarographic method, the SEP's are obtained on-line by time coherent averaging and the ECoG states (e.g. @entity1 during @entity2 ) are derived by using band-pass filters and rms detectors. Off-line the signals ( @entity3 , heart rate, mean systemic blood pressure, temperature) are standardized and represented together with parameters derived from ECoG and SEP. SEP-waveform parameters indicating intensity (norm) and similarity with a reference SEP signal (correlation value) are used. The measuring and processing method is still being optimized; special attention is being paid towards the quality of the calculated SEP's which are to be used for the quantification of the cortical function during reference, @entity2 and recovery period. As such, in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the SEP's and, consequently, of the derived parameters, ECoG signals are digitized off-line and subjected to a preprocessing, implying filtering and spectral analysis procedures.

title: Discriminant parameters representing cerebral cortical function during anoxic XXXX investigations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: One of the primary characteristics of partial outlet obstruction secondary to BPH is an increase in bladder mass commonly referred to as @entity2 . This condition has been simulated in @entity0 by the partial ligation of the catheterized urethra. Ultrasonography has been utilized in both adult and pediatric urology to visualize the bladder and diagnose specific @entity2 . The aim of the present study is to determine if ultrasonography can visualize bladder wall @entity1 induced by obstruction. Partial outlet obstructions were created in NZW @entity0 using standard methodologies, and then 5 to 7 days later, sonography was performed. The films were read by both the principal investigator and blinded investigators instructed to determine bladder wall thickness and from this predict the bladder weight. Then results were correlated with cystometrograms (CMGs) and whole bladder weights. Both the principal investigator and the blinded investigators were consistently able to distinguish obstructed from control bladders based solely on sonographic depictions of relative bladder wall thickness. In addition, the investigators were able to distinguish between low (control), medium, and high bladder weights based on sonography. The accuracy of predicting the bladder weights increased when cystosonograms were correlated with CMG studies. Thus, the degree of @entity2 can be accurately estimated by the combination of cmg and ultrasonography.

title: Ultrasound diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction in XXXX .

answer: @entity0