abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are vectors for several important @entity0 diseases, including @entity4 , @entity0 granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), and @entity0 @entity2 , caused by @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity2 microti, respectively. The continued northward range expansion of @entity5 and associated pathogens is an increasing public health concern in Canada. The Thousand Islands region of eastern Ontario has recently been identified as a new endemic area for @entity4 in Canada, but the occurrence of other pathogens in ticks in this area has not been fully described. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum and @entity7 in small mammals and questing ticks in the Thousand Islands area and identify the strains of A. phagocytophilum circulating in ticks in the area. Serum and larval ticks were collected from trapped small mammals, and questing ticks were collected via drag sampling from up to 12 island and mainland sites in 2006, 2009, and 2010. A. phagocytophilum was identified by PCR in 3.4% (47/1388) ticks from eight of 12 sites; the prevalence ranged from 8.9% in 2006 to 3% in 2009. All 365 ticks tested for @entity7 were negative. Antibodies to A. phagocytophilum were detected in 2.8% (17/611) of white-footed @entity1 (Peromyscus leucopus) at two of 11 sites in 2006, 2009, or 2010. All 34 A. phagocytophilum-positive ticks submitted for strain identification using single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assays targeting the 16S rRNA gene were identified as a variant strain (Ap variant-1), which is not commonly associated with @entity0 disease. Our findings suggest that @entity0 are at low risk of contracting HGA or @entity0 @entity2 due to locally acquired tick bites in the Thousand Islands area. However, continued surveillance is warranted as these pathogens continue to expand their ranges in North America.

title: Prevalence of @entity6 and @entity2 microti in XXXX from a Newly Established Lyme Disease Endemic Area, the Thousand Islands Region of Ontario, Canada.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are vectors for several important @entity0 diseases, including @entity4 , @entity0 granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), and @entity0 @entity2 , caused by @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity2 microti, respectively. The continued northward range expansion of @entity5 and associated pathogens is an increasing public health concern in Canada. The Thousand Islands region of eastern Ontario has recently been identified as a new endemic area for @entity4 in Canada, but the occurrence of other pathogens in ticks in this area has not been fully described. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum and @entity7 in small mammals and questing ticks in the Thousand Islands area and identify the strains of A. phagocytophilum circulating in ticks in the area. Serum and larval ticks were collected from trapped small mammals, and questing ticks were collected via drag sampling from up to 12 island and mainland sites in 2006, 2009, and 2010. A. phagocytophilum was identified by PCR in 3.4% (47/1388) ticks from eight of 12 sites; the prevalence ranged from 8.9% in 2006 to 3% in 2009. All 365 ticks tested for @entity7 were negative. Antibodies to A. phagocytophilum were detected in 2.8% (17/611) of white-footed @entity1 (Peromyscus leucopus) at two of 11 sites in 2006, 2009, or 2010. All 34 A. phagocytophilum-positive ticks submitted for strain identification using single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assays targeting the 16S rRNA gene were identified as a variant strain (Ap variant-1), which is not commonly associated with @entity0 disease. Our findings suggest that @entity0 are at low risk of contracting HGA or @entity0 @entity2 due to locally acquired tick bites in the Thousand Islands area. However, continued surveillance is warranted as these pathogens continue to expand their ranges in North America.

title: Prevalence of @entity6 and XXXX microti in @entity5 from a Newly Established Lyme Disease Endemic Area, the Thousand Islands Region of Ontario, Canada.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A set of novel @entity5 derivatives from @entity8 were synthesized. The structures of derivatives were identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (  @entity7 -NMR), @entity3 -13 ( @entity6 )-NMR and mass spectrometry (MS) spectral analyses. Their anti- @entity1 activities were evaluated using an insulin-resistant (IR) HepG2 cell model. Additionally, the structure-activity relationships of these derivatives were briefly discussed. Compounds 1c, 2h, 3b, and 5 and @entity4 exhibited significant @entity2 consumption-enhancing effects in IR-HepG2 cells. In addition, the combinations of @entity4 , 2h, and 3b (combination 6) and of 3b, @entity4 , and 1c (combination 10) exhibited better anti- @entity1 activity than the individual compounds. At the same dosage, there was no difference in effect between the combination 10 and the positive control (p > 0.05). Aditionally, we found the differences between the combination 10 and combination 6 for the protective effect of HUVEC ( @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells) under high @entity2 concentration. The protective effects of combination 10 was stronger than combination 6, which suggested that combination 10 may have a better hypoglycemic activity in future studies. This study provides useful clues for the further design and discovery of anti- @entity1 agents.

title: Synthesis and Biological Activity of @entity5 Derivatives from XXXX as Potent Anti- @entity1 Agents.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A set of novel @entity5 derivatives from @entity8 were synthesized. The structures of derivatives were identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (  @entity7 -NMR), @entity3 -13 ( @entity6 )-NMR and mass spectrometry (MS) spectral analyses. Their anti- @entity1 activities were evaluated using an insulin-resistant (IR) HepG2 cell model. Additionally, the structure-activity relationships of these derivatives were briefly discussed. Compounds 1c, 2h, 3b, and 5 and @entity4 exhibited significant @entity2 consumption-enhancing effects in IR-HepG2 cells. In addition, the combinations of @entity4 , 2h, and 3b (combination 6) and of 3b, @entity4 , and 1c (combination 10) exhibited better anti- @entity1 activity than the individual compounds. At the same dosage, there was no difference in effect between the combination 10 and the positive control (p > 0.05). Aditionally, we found the differences between the combination 10 and combination 6 for the protective effect of HUVEC ( @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells) under high @entity2 concentration. The protective effects of combination 10 was stronger than combination 6, which suggested that combination 10 may have a better hypoglycemic activity in future studies. This study provides useful clues for the further design and discovery of anti- @entity1 agents.

title: Synthesis and Biological Activity of XXXX Derivatives from @entity8 as Potent Anti- @entity1 Agents.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A set of novel @entity5 derivatives from @entity8 were synthesized. The structures of derivatives were identified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (  @entity7 -NMR), @entity3 -13 ( @entity6 )-NMR and mass spectrometry (MS) spectral analyses. Their anti- @entity1 activities were evaluated using an insulin-resistant (IR) HepG2 cell model. Additionally, the structure-activity relationships of these derivatives were briefly discussed. Compounds 1c, 2h, 3b, and 5 and @entity4 exhibited significant @entity2 consumption-enhancing effects in IR-HepG2 cells. In addition, the combinations of @entity4 , 2h, and 3b (combination 6) and of 3b, @entity4 , and 1c (combination 10) exhibited better anti- @entity1 activity than the individual compounds. At the same dosage, there was no difference in effect between the combination 10 and the positive control (p > 0.05). Aditionally, we found the differences between the combination 10 and combination 6 for the protective effect of HUVEC ( @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells) under high @entity2 concentration. The protective effects of combination 10 was stronger than combination 6, which suggested that combination 10 may have a better hypoglycemic activity in future studies. This study provides useful clues for the further design and discovery of anti- @entity1 agents.

title: Synthesis and Biological Activity of @entity5 Derivatives from @entity8 as Potent Anti- XXXX Agents.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the effects of exogenous @entity2 and @entity8 on metabolic risk factors for @entity5 in @entity0 . DESIGN: Review of selected literature. SETTING: Population studies and clinical trials. @entity0 : Premenopausal and postmenopausal @entity0 . INTERVENTIONS: Exogenous gonadal hormones in oral contraceptives and hormone replacement regimens. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Lipoprotein, hemostatic, @entity7 , and blood pressure metabolic parameters. RESULTS: Favorable lipoprotein changes have been demonstrated in both observational studies and clinical trials of effects of exogenous hormones on cardiovascular risk factors in @entity0 . These include declines in low-density lipoprotein, apoprotein B, and lipoprotein(a), and increases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), @entity9 , and apoprotein A-I. Hormone replacement effects on @entity4 are minor and, in most @entity0 , probably benign. Evidence is unconvincing that clinically significant changes in clotting factors, @entity7 metabolism, or blood pressure take place as a result of postmenopausal hormone interventions. In fact, @entity7 metabolism and blood pressure may be improved slightly. Metabolic studies do not, thus far, provide any contraindications to either @entity2 replacement therapy (ERT) or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in appropriately selected subjects. However, because studies of metabolic risk factors generally have been done in @entity0 who were not hyperlipidemic, hypercoagulable, @entity6 , or @entity1 , little is known about the metabolic effects of ERT or HRT on pre-existing @entity3 .

title: Metabolic effects of XXXX and progestins.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Review trends in mandible @entity1 management and outcomes in @entity0 treated with and without intraoperative arch bar use. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: All @entity0 with mandible @entity1 between October 1, 2001, and October 1, 2011, were reviewed. Excluded were those with concomitant midfacial @entity1 or inadequate follow-up. RESULTS: Overall, 734 @entity0 sustained 1,312 mandible @entity1 . Assault was the most common etiology. The parasymphyseal, subcondylar, and angle regions were most likely fractured. In total, 85% of @entity0 underwent @entity3 ( @entity3 ). This overall number had no significant annual deviation. However, use of arch bars to achieve intraoperative maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) with @entity3 decreased annually, whereas the use of manual reduction with @entity3 increased annually. These trends held statistical significance. Outcomes were reviewed in @entity0 with one or two nonsubcondylar @entity1 by assessing complications of @entity4 , @entity2 , and malunion. In 228 @entity0 meeting criteria, the incidence of complications was 12.9% in those treated using intraoperative arch bars with @entity3 and 12.5% in those using manual reduction with @entity3 . When assessing individual complications, there was no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a shifting trend in mandible @entity1 management. Our techniques for achieving @entity1 reduction ideal for @entity3 favors manual reduction over the use of arch bars in select cases. We found no statistical increase in the incidence of complications when using manual reduction with @entity3 in @entity0 with one and two nonsubcondylar @entity1 . In appropriately selected cases, manual stabilization of fractured segments is an alternative to using arch bars to achieve intraoperative MMF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4. Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Decade review of mandible XXXX and arch bar impact on outcomes of nonsubcondylar @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Review trends in mandible @entity1 management and outcomes in @entity0 treated with and without intraoperative arch bar use. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. METHODS: All @entity0 with mandible @entity1 between October 1, 2001, and October 1, 2011, were reviewed. Excluded were those with concomitant midfacial @entity1 or inadequate follow-up. RESULTS: Overall, 734 @entity0 sustained 1,312 mandible @entity1 . Assault was the most common etiology. The parasymphyseal, subcondylar, and angle regions were most likely fractured. In total, 85% of @entity0 underwent @entity3 ( @entity3 ). This overall number had no significant annual deviation. However, use of arch bars to achieve intraoperative maxillomandibular fixation (MMF) with @entity3 decreased annually, whereas the use of manual reduction with @entity3 increased annually. These trends held statistical significance. Outcomes were reviewed in @entity0 with one or two nonsubcondylar @entity1 by assessing complications of @entity4 , @entity2 , and malunion. In 228 @entity0 meeting criteria, the incidence of complications was 12.9% in those treated using intraoperative arch bars with @entity3 and 12.5% in those using manual reduction with @entity3 . When assessing individual complications, there was no statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest a shifting trend in mandible @entity1 management. Our techniques for achieving @entity1 reduction ideal for @entity3 favors manual reduction over the use of arch bars in select cases. We found no statistical increase in the incidence of complications when using manual reduction with @entity3 in @entity0 with one and two nonsubcondylar @entity1 . In appropriately selected cases, manual stabilization of fractured segments is an alternative to using arch bars to achieve intraoperative MMF. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4. Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Decade review of mandible @entity1 and arch bar impact on outcomes of nonsubcondylar XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate effect of gait training with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) on gait symmetry and self-efficacy offalling in @entity1 @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Fourteen @entity1 @entity0 were categorized in the @entity2 (n = 7) and control (n = 7) groups. They were matched by age range, @entity1 type, paretic side, time since @entity1 , and severity. All @entity0 received physical therapy and only the @entity2 group received additional @entity2 training. Both groups were trained for 12 sessions over 1 month. Outcome measurements comprised gait symmetry detecting by theforce distribution measurement platform and self-efficacy offalling testing by the Fall Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Both groups were assessed three times:.pre-, intermediate- and post-trainings. Comparisons of all variables between and within groups were tested by Mann-Whitney U test and Friedman ANOVA test, respectively. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed of gait symmetry between @entity2 and control groups. Within group comparison, tendencies of improvement were found in step length and step time symmetry for the @entity2 group. Significant improvements in step length symmetry and FES-I score were found among assessments for the @entity2 group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Gait training with @entity2 enhanced ability of step length symmetry and decreased fear offalling in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Improvement of Gait Symmetry in @entity0 with XXXX by Motor Imagery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate effect of gait training with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) on gait symmetry and self-efficacy offalling in @entity1 @entity0 . MATERIAL AND METHOD: Fourteen @entity1 @entity0 were categorized in the @entity2 (n = 7) and control (n = 7) groups. They were matched by age range, @entity1 type, paretic side, time since @entity1 , and severity. All @entity0 received physical therapy and only the @entity2 group received additional @entity2 training. Both groups were trained for 12 sessions over 1 month. Outcome measurements comprised gait symmetry detecting by theforce distribution measurement platform and self-efficacy offalling testing by the Fall Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I). Both groups were assessed three times:.pre-, intermediate- and post-trainings. Comparisons of all variables between and within groups were tested by Mann-Whitney U test and Friedman ANOVA test, respectively. RESULTS: No significant difference was observed of gait symmetry between @entity2 and control groups. Within group comparison, tendencies of improvement were found in step length and step time symmetry for the @entity2 group. Significant improvements in step length symmetry and FES-I score were found among assessments for the @entity2 group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Gait training with @entity2 enhanced ability of step length symmetry and decreased fear offalling in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Improvement of Gait Symmetry in XXXX with @entity1 by Motor Imagery.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop an observed-to-expected ratio (O/E) for adherence to National @entity1 treatment guidelines as a risk-adjusted hospital measure of quality care correlated with disease-specific survival. METHODS: Consecutive @entity0 with stages I-IV @entity2 were identified from the California @entity1 Registry (1/1/96-12/31/06). Using a fit logistic regression model, O/E for guideline adherence was calculated for each hospital and distributed into quartiles stratified by hospital annual case volume: lowest O/E quartile or annual hospital case volume <5, middle two O/E quartiles and volume >= 5, and highest O/E quartile and volume >= 5. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to characterize the independent effect of hospital O/E on @entity2 -specific survival. RESULTS: Overall, 18,491 @entity0 were treated at 405 hospitals; 37.3% received guideline adherent care. Lowest O/E hospitals (n=285) treated 4661 @entity0 (25.2%), mean O/E=0.77  0.55 and median survival 38.9months (95%CI=36.2-42.0months). Intermediate O/E hospitals (n=85) treated 8715 @entity0 (47.1%), mean O/E=0.87  0.17 and median survival of 50.5months (95% CI=48.4-52.8months). Highest O/E hospitals (n=35) treated 5115 @entity0 (27.7%), mean O/E=1.34  0.14 and median survival of 53.8months (95% CI=50.2-58.2months). After controlling for other variables, treatment at highest O/E hospitals was associated with independent and statistically significant improvement in @entity2 -specific survival compared to intermediate O/E (HR=1.06, 95% CI=1.01-1.11) and lowest O/E (1.16, 95% CI=1.10-1.23) hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Calculation of hospital-specific O/E for NCCN treatment guideline adherence, combined with minimum case volume criterion, as a measure of @entity2 quality of care is feasible and is an independent predictor of survival.

title: Observed-to-expected ratio for adherence to treatment guidelines as a quality of care indicator for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Adolescents with @entity5 usually have full recovery from their first @entity3 , but the first relapse often arises within 2 years of the first episode. Cannabis-related @entity5 are difficult to distinguish from @entity5 . Here, we describe a particularly severe clinical case, with a first @entity3 occurring after heavy @entity4 smoking, an atypically long symptom-free duration, and a subsequent non-substance-related episode. CASE PRESENTATION: A 17-year-old male adolescent of Middle-East origin presented with delusions and @entity7 after extensive @entity4 smoking. His first @entity3 , with @entity9 and @entity7 , progressed into severe @entity8 symptoms. His symptoms were treated with electroconvulsive therapy and @entity6 and he was transferred to a residential substance abuse treatment center. He remained drug-free and non-psychotic for 3.5 years. Given the temporal association with extensive @entity4 use, and his full remission of symptoms lasting several years, a @entity4 -induced @entity3 -though atypically extended-could be suspected. However, after 3.5 years without @entity1 care, and in a drug-free state, our @entity0 again presented with positive @entity3 , possibly induced by a period of severe psychosocial stress. CONCLUSION: We here discuss whether a primary @entity2 episode possibly induced by @entity4 can increase the risk of subsequent non-drug-related @entity2 episodes.

title: Atypical course in severe XXXX in a @entity4 -dependent male adolescent: a case report.

answer: @entity8


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Adolescents with @entity5 usually have full recovery from their first @entity3 , but the first relapse often arises within 2 years of the first episode. Cannabis-related @entity5 are difficult to distinguish from @entity5 . Here, we describe a particularly severe clinical case, with a first @entity3 occurring after heavy @entity4 smoking, an atypically long symptom-free duration, and a subsequent non-substance-related episode. CASE PRESENTATION: A 17-year-old male adolescent of Middle-East origin presented with delusions and @entity7 after extensive @entity4 smoking. His first @entity3 , with @entity9 and @entity7 , progressed into severe @entity8 symptoms. His symptoms were treated with electroconvulsive therapy and @entity6 and he was transferred to a residential substance abuse treatment center. He remained drug-free and non-psychotic for 3.5 years. Given the temporal association with extensive @entity4 use, and his full remission of symptoms lasting several years, a @entity4 -induced @entity3 -though atypically extended-could be suspected. However, after 3.5 years without @entity1 care, and in a drug-free state, our @entity0 again presented with positive @entity3 , possibly induced by a period of severe psychosocial stress. CONCLUSION: We here discuss whether a primary @entity2 episode possibly induced by @entity4 can increase the risk of subsequent non-drug-related @entity2 episodes.

title: Atypical course in severe @entity8 in a XXXX -dependent male adolescent: a case report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The added clinical value of multisite near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring to detect low organ tissue perfusion in preterm @entity0 at risk of @entity3 remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the associations between multisite NIRS measurements and clinical signs of @entity3 in relation to short-term outcome in preterm @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: Prospective cohort study of preterm @entity0 (gestational age <32 weeks) with @entity2 . We monitored cerebral, renal, and intestinal @entity1 saturation using NIRS for 72 h following sepsis workup and calculated fractional tissue @entity1 extraction (FTOE). We recorded clinical signs of @entity3 every 8 h. We analyzed the associations between FTOE values, clinical signs of @entity3 , and short-term outcome. RESULTS: In 28 preterm @entity0 with @entity2 , intraindividual and interindividual associations between NIRS values and clinical signs of @entity3 were weak. At several points of time during the study period, cerebral and renal FTOE were higher in @entity0 who developed intestinal complications compared with @entity0 who did not, while clinical signs of @entity3 never differed between groups. After correcting for multiple testing, significant differences disappeared. CONCLUSIONS: The associations between multisite FTOE values and clinical signs of @entity3 were weak in preterm @entity0 with @entity2 . Nevertheless, in contrast to clinical signs of @entity3 , cerebral and renal FTOE values were associated with adverse short-term intestinal outcome in the uncorrected analyses. Multisite NIRS monitoring might help to detect critically low tissue @entity1 delivery leading to adverse intestinal outcome not detected by routine hemodynamic measurements.

title: The Association between Multisite Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Routine Hemodynamic Measurements in Relation to Short-Term Outcome in Preterms with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity1 escargot ( @entity7 ) gene encodes a @entity3 -type zinc finger protein that is expressed in the imaginal discs and histoblasts. In some @entity7 mutants, the abdominal histoblasts become @entity4 . It has therefore been suggested that the role of @entity7 is to maintain diploidy of the imaginal cells. We show that @entity7 encodes a DNA-binding protein with high affinity for G/ACAGGTG, the consensus-binding sequence for the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors (E2 box). This DNA-binding activity is essential for @entity7 function in vivo as the strong embryonic lethal allele esgVS8 is caused by an @entity2 change within the @entity0 finger region, leading to reduced affinity for DNA. In cultured cells, a heterodimer of the bHLH proteins @entity6 and @entity5 activates transcription from promoters containing E2 boxes. The @entity7 protein strongly inhibits this activation, suggesting that @entity7 may regulate developmental processes dependent on bHLH proteins. In larvae, @entity7 protein expressed by the heat shock promoter can rescue the @entity4 phenotype of abdominal histoblasts, demonstrating that the phenotype is attributable to a loss of @entity7 function. @entity7 must be expressed continuously during the larval period for efficient rescue. Ectopic expression of @entity7 in the salivary glands inhibits endoreplication of DNA. These results suggest that @entity7 is involved in transcriptional inhibition of genes required for endoreplication.

title: Diploidy of XXXX imaginal cells is maintained by a transcriptional repressor encoded by escargot.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The dynamics of binocular rivalry may be a behavioral footprint of excitatory and inhibitory neural transmission in visual cortex. Given the presence of atypical visual features in @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and the growing evidence in support of the idea of an imbalance in excitatory/inhibitory neural transmission in animal and genetic models of @entity1 , we hypothesized that binocular rivalry might prove a simple behavioral marker of such a transmission imbalance in the autistic brain. In support of this hypothesis, we previously reported a slower rate of rivalry in @entity1 , driven by longer transitional states between dominant percepts. We tested whether atypical dynamics of binocular rivalry in @entity1 are specific to certain stimulus features. 53 @entity0 (26 with @entity1 , matched for age, sex, and IQ) participated in a binocular rivalry experiment in which the dynamics of rivalry were measured at two levels of stimulus complexity, low (grayscale gratings) and high (colored objects). Individuals with @entity1 experienced a slower rate of binocular rivalry, driven by longer transitional states between dominant percepts. These exaggerated transitional states were present at both low and high levels of stimulus complexity (gratings and objects), suggesting that atypical binocular dynamics in @entity3 are robust with respect to stimulus choice. Interactions between stimulus properties and rivalry dynamics in @entity3 indicate that achromatic grating stimuli produce stronger group differences. These results confirm the finding of atypical dynamics of binocular rivalry in @entity1 . These dynamics were present for stimuli of both low and high levels of @entity2 , suggesting a pervasive imbalance in competitive interactions throughout the visual system of individuals with @entity1 .

title: Reduced perceptual exclusivity during object and grating rivalry in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: A small number of individuals with B-cell-related @entity3 ( @entity3 ) may exhibit long-term (prolonged or chronic) excretion of @entity2 -associated vaccine-derived polioviruses (iVDPVs) following infection with oral @entity4 vaccine (OPV). These individuals pose a risk of live @entity4 reintroduction into the population after global wild @entity4 eradication and subsequent OPV cessation. Treatment with polio antiviral drugs may potentially stop excretion in some of these individuals and thus may reduce the future population risk. METHODS: We developed a discrete event simulation model to characterize the global prevalence of long-term iVDPV excretors based on the best available evidence. We explored the impact of different assumptions about the effectiveness of polio antiviral drugs and the fraction of long-term excretors identified and treated. RESULTS: Due to the rarity of long-term iVDPV excretion and limited data on the survival of PID @entity0 in developing countries, uncertainty remains about the current and future prevalence of long-term iVDPV excretors. While the model suggests only approximately 30 current excretors globally and a rapid decrease after OPV cessation, most of these excrete asymptomatically and remain undetected. The possibility that one or more PID @entity0 may continue to excrete iVDPVs for several years after OPV cessation represents a risk for reintroduction of live polioviruses after OPV cessation, particularly for middle-income countries. With the effectiveness of a single polio antiviral drug possibly as low as 40  % and no system in place to identify and treat asymptomatic excretors, the impact of passive use of a single polio antiviral drug to treat identified excretors appears limited. Higher drug effectiveness and active efforts to identify long-term excretors will dramatically increase the benefits of polio antiviral drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to develop a second polio antiviral compound to increase polio antiviral effectiveness and/or to maximize the identification and treatment of affected individuals represent important risk management opportunities for the polio endgame. Better data on the survival of PID  @entity0 in developing countries and more longitudinal data on their exposure to and recovery from OPV @entity1 would improve our understanding of the risks associated with iVDPV excretors and the benefits of further investments in polio antiviral drugs.

title: Modeling the prevalence of XXXX -associated long-term vaccine-derived @entity4 excretors and the potential benefits of antiviral drugs.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: A small number of individuals with B-cell-related @entity3 ( @entity3 ) may exhibit long-term (prolonged or chronic) excretion of @entity2 -associated vaccine-derived polioviruses (iVDPVs) following infection with oral @entity4 vaccine (OPV). These individuals pose a risk of live @entity4 reintroduction into the population after global wild @entity4 eradication and subsequent OPV cessation. Treatment with polio antiviral drugs may potentially stop excretion in some of these individuals and thus may reduce the future population risk. METHODS: We developed a discrete event simulation model to characterize the global prevalence of long-term iVDPV excretors based on the best available evidence. We explored the impact of different assumptions about the effectiveness of polio antiviral drugs and the fraction of long-term excretors identified and treated. RESULTS: Due to the rarity of long-term iVDPV excretion and limited data on the survival of PID @entity0 in developing countries, uncertainty remains about the current and future prevalence of long-term iVDPV excretors. While the model suggests only approximately 30 current excretors globally and a rapid decrease after OPV cessation, most of these excrete asymptomatically and remain undetected. The possibility that one or more PID @entity0 may continue to excrete iVDPVs for several years after OPV cessation represents a risk for reintroduction of live polioviruses after OPV cessation, particularly for middle-income countries. With the effectiveness of a single polio antiviral drug possibly as low as 40  % and no system in place to identify and treat asymptomatic excretors, the impact of passive use of a single polio antiviral drug to treat identified excretors appears limited. Higher drug effectiveness and active efforts to identify long-term excretors will dramatically increase the benefits of polio antiviral drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Efforts to develop a second polio antiviral compound to increase polio antiviral effectiveness and/or to maximize the identification and treatment of affected individuals represent important risk management opportunities for the polio endgame. Better data on the survival of PID  @entity0 in developing countries and more longitudinal data on their exposure to and recovery from OPV @entity1 would improve our understanding of the risks associated with iVDPV excretors and the benefits of further investments in polio antiviral drugs.

title: Modeling the prevalence of @entity2 -associated long-term vaccine-derived XXXX excretors and the potential benefits of antiviral drugs.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Caustic chemicals cause destruction in tissues even long after the initial exposure. This study reported a case of recurrent graft lysis encountered throughout the treatment of a @entity4 burn. A @entity2 on the ankle of a @entity0 was reconstructed with split thickness skin grafts thrice in a period of four months. The burn site healed uneventfully after each skin grafting. However, weeks after each successful graft take, even though the @entity0 did not experience any @entity1 at his operated ankle, an eczematous blistering at the skin graft site was observed. Thereafter, skin grafts almost totally sloughed over time even after each successful graft take. Six months after the initial burn and recurrent skin graft lysis, the defect site was reconstructed with @entity3 . At the postoperative ninth month follow-up, there was no sign of the blistering or skin loss at the burn area after definitive flap surgery. Recurrent graft lysis, in a few weeks after total skin graft take is an unusual complication for most of the burn cases. Caustic burns may have a deceptively superficial appearance concealing the chemical reactions that further damage the tissue. Therefore, early surgical interventions such as deep debridement and graft surgery should be kept in mind as primary treatment options.

title: Recalcitrant XXXX wound and definitive treatment with @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Caustic chemicals cause destruction in tissues even long after the initial exposure. This study reported a case of recurrent graft lysis encountered throughout the treatment of a @entity4 burn. A @entity2 on the ankle of a @entity0 was reconstructed with split thickness skin grafts thrice in a period of four months. The burn site healed uneventfully after each skin grafting. However, weeks after each successful graft take, even though the @entity0 did not experience any @entity1 at his operated ankle, an eczematous blistering at the skin graft site was observed. Thereafter, skin grafts almost totally sloughed over time even after each successful graft take. Six months after the initial burn and recurrent skin graft lysis, the defect site was reconstructed with @entity3 . At the postoperative ninth month follow-up, there was no sign of the blistering or skin loss at the burn area after definitive flap surgery. Recurrent graft lysis, in a few weeks after total skin graft take is an unusual complication for most of the burn cases. Caustic burns may have a deceptively superficial appearance concealing the chemical reactions that further damage the tissue. Therefore, early surgical interventions such as deep debridement and graft surgery should be kept in mind as primary treatment options.

title: Recalcitrant @entity2 wound and definitive treatment with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Botulinum toxin is a potent inhibitor of the release of @entity2 from nerve endings. It has previously been shown that it can effectively reduce lower oesophageal sphincter pressures both in animals and @entity0 with @entity3 . This study examined the hypothesis that locally injected botulinum toxin could also reduce sphincter of Oddi pressure in @entity0 with @entity4 . Two @entity0 with @entity1 were diagnosed with @entity4 (by biliary manometry in one @entity0 and by hepatobiliary scanning criteria in the other). Botulinum toxin was injected into the sphincter of Oddi, by a sclerotherapy needle passed through a duodenoscope. In the first @entity0 , intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin reduced sphincter pressure by about 50%, an effect that was sustained for at least four months. In the second @entity0 , intrasphincteric injection caused about a 50% improvement in bile flow, with normalisation of scintigraphy. Neither @entity0 showed any sustained improvement in @entity1 despite these objective findings. Both @entity0 eventually had endoscopic sphincterotomy, which also did not result in symptomatic improvement in either @entity0 . No side effects were seen. Intrasphincteric botulinum toxin is a simple and effective means of lowering sphincter of Oddi pressure. This technique has potential for being useful clinically.

title: Intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin for suspected XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: From 1963 to 1993, 157 @entity0 with primary @entity3 were treated by radical surgery at the University of Kentucky Medical Center. There were 84 unilateral lesions confined to the labium majus or labium minus. Thirty-seven @entity0 had T1 lesions, median diameter 1.5 cm (range 0.5-2.0 cm), and 47 @entity0 had T2 lesions, median diameter 3.4 cm (range 2.2-9.0 cm). Radical vulvectomy with bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy was performed in 56 @entity0 and radical hemivulvectomy with selective inguinal lymphadenectomy in 28 @entity0 . An average of 8 nodes was removed with superficial inguinal lymphadenectomy and 13 nodes with superficial and deep inguinal lymphadenectomy. Deep inguinal lymph node @entity1 occurred only in @entity0 with positive superficial inguinal lymph nodes. There were no contralateral inguinal lymph node @entity1 in any lateral T1 or T2 lesion. Following surgery, @entity0 were followed 1-15 years (mean 5.0 years) and none have been lost to follow-up. Nine @entity0 developed @entity2 , but no contralateral recurrences were noted. Seven of these @entity0 developed local recurrences to the ipsilateral vulvar skin and were cured by reexcision. Two @entity0 (2.4%), both of whom had positive ipsilateral superficial and deep inguinal lymph node @entity1 at the time of initial surgery, developed distant @entity1 and died of disease 10 and 11 months after treatment. These data suggest that deep inguinal lymph nodal @entity1 occurred only in @entity0 with superficial inguinal node involvement. Contralateral inguinal lymph nodal @entity1 are extremely rare in lateral T1 and T2 @entity3 . Radical hemivulvectomy is as effective as radical vulvectomy in the treatment of lateral T1 and T2 @entity4 .

title: Therapeutic implications of lymph nodal spread in lateral T1 and T2 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: After a private testing laboratory had reported mortality, @entity3 , and @entity2 in @entity0 exposed to emissions from heated carpet in a modified application of the sensory irritation test (ASTM E981-84), the studies reported in this paper were conducted to evaluate the method used in testing for carpet @entity1 and to see if the reported findings were reproducible. @entity0 were exposed head-only to offgasses generated by heating carpet (AT #3) to temperatures that ranged from 37 to 70 degrees C. Control @entity0 were simultaneously exposed to heated air. The animals were evaluated for mortality, clinical signs and @entity2 . @entity3 was evaluated using functional observational battery and motor activity monitoring. Pathological evaluations of organs and tissues, including the nervous system, were also conducted. The carpet samples heated to higher temperatures produced greater concentrations of total volatile organic compounds than those heated to 37 degrees C. Both carpet-exposed and control @entity0 displayed some effects, such as body weight loss, mortality and pathological lesions, that were due to the exposure system. There was no mortality or @entity3 , nor were there clinical signs or pathological lesions as a result of carpet exposures. @entity0 exposed to carpet heated to 70 degrees C had slightly decreased respiratory rates and an increased incidence of breathing patterns indicative of sensory irritation. Therefore, none of the results reported by the private testing laboratory could be reproduced when this carpet was heated to temperatures below 70 degrees C, and slight sensory irritation was the only effect observed at the 70 degrees C test conditions. Effects from the exposure system itself made interpretation of results difficult, and concurrent controls were considered essential for interpretation of data.

title: Evaluation of a method used to test for potential XXXX of carpet emissions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We reviewed 87 @entity1 from Chinese @entity0 and typed them according to the Marino and M  ller-Hermelink classification as updated by Kirschner and M  ller-Hermelink in 1989. Related categories were grouped for statistical analyses: group 1, @entity2 and @entity2 ; group 2, cortical predominant @entity2 ; group 3, @entity2 and @entity2 ; group 4, other @entity2 ; and group 5, unclassified. Group 3 @entity1 were more frequently associated with the @entity3 compared with group 1 @entity1 (P = 0.001). They also presented at a more advanced stage. Groups 1 and 2 showed an excellent prognosis (100% survival at 10 years). The 10-year survival for groups 3 and 4 @entity0 was 40% and 30% respectively. Pure @entity2 made up a higher proportion of our cases (10.3%) than those of a similar Caucasian study (5.3%). The eight @entity2 (group 4) included two @entity4 . We conclude that the histogenetic classification evaluated shows a clear correlation with prognosis and clinical features, even when tested on separate geographic groups, where pathogenetic factors may be different. A common approach to classification of @entity1 would greatly facilitate future studies on these possible differences.

title: Evaluation of a histogenetic classification for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 plays a central role in many of the basic processes essential to the cell and organism. In particular, skeletal mineralisation is dependent on the appropriate regulation of @entity5 in the body, and any disturbances in @entity5 homeostasis can have severe repercussions on the integrity of bone. The kidney regulates the serum levels of @entity5 by tubular mechanisms which are not fully understood. Furthermore, the processes involved in regulating renal tubular @entity5 reabsorption are complex, and involve a large number of factors. It is not surprising therefore that defects in renal @entity5 handling result in a failure of bone mineralisation. There are three well characterised conditions which are associated with @entity2 resulting in a @entity5 leak, with consequent @entity4 . Two are familial, @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and @entity8 ( @entity8 ). The third is acquired via a @entity1 , @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and may well have relevance to the @entity3 . Recent advances in molecular genetics are permitting the identification of genes involved in @entity0 diseases from their chromosomal location. These approaches are now being applied to the analysis of the hypophosphataemias. The isolation of the genes responsible for the @entity2 will be an important achievement. Ultimately this will help to increase our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the control of @entity5 handling in the body.

title: Molecular biology of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the preoperative staging of @entity3 by intrarectal ultrasonography using linear probe or curved array transducer. Between October 1991 and July 1993, preoperative staging with endoscopic ultrasound was performed in 45 @entity0 with @entity3 . Twenty-four received preoperative radiation therapy. For @entity3 of the middle and the lower part of rectum, the distance between the inferior pole of the @entity1 and the levator ani muscle was systematically measured. The ultrasound results were compared with histological and surgical findings. The staging was accurately predicted in 82.2% of cases. The depth of @entity1 invasion was correct in 93.3% (95.2% when preoperative radiation therapy was not applied and 79.1% after radiation therapy). Presence or absence of lymph nodes metastasis was correctly determined in 84.4% (90.5% when preoperative radiation therapy was not applied and 79.1% after radiation therapy). The distance between the inferior pole of the @entity1 and the levator ani muscle was correctly determined in 29/31 @entity3 of the middle and the lower part of rectum. While the linear and sectorial technique is more difficult when the @entity1 was circular, the staging of the lower part of @entity2 and anal canal was easier.

title: [Linear electronic intrarectal ultrasonography and XXXX . Results in 45 @entity0 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the preoperative staging of @entity3 by intrarectal ultrasonography using linear probe or curved array transducer. Between October 1991 and July 1993, preoperative staging with endoscopic ultrasound was performed in 45 @entity0 with @entity3 . Twenty-four received preoperative radiation therapy. For @entity3 of the middle and the lower part of rectum, the distance between the inferior pole of the @entity1 and the levator ani muscle was systematically measured. The ultrasound results were compared with histological and surgical findings. The staging was accurately predicted in 82.2% of cases. The depth of @entity1 invasion was correct in 93.3% (95.2% when preoperative radiation therapy was not applied and 79.1% after radiation therapy). Presence or absence of lymph nodes metastasis was correctly determined in 84.4% (90.5% when preoperative radiation therapy was not applied and 79.1% after radiation therapy). The distance between the inferior pole of the @entity1 and the levator ani muscle was correctly determined in 29/31 @entity3 of the middle and the lower part of rectum. While the linear and sectorial technique is more difficult when the @entity1 was circular, the staging of the lower part of @entity2 and anal canal was easier.

title: [Linear electronic intrarectal ultrasonography and @entity2 . Results in 45 XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the ultrasonographic abnormalities of the rectal wall and surrounding structures in @entity0 with @entity1 and to correlate these findings with endoscopy. From November 1992 to May 1993, 53 cirrhotic @entity0 and 30 control subjects were examined by transrectal ultrasonography and rectoscopy. In addition to rectoscopy and transrectal ultrasonography, @entity0 with @entity1 underwent an upper @entity3 . Ultrasonography @entity2 were detected in 32 cases of @entity1 (60.5%): a) in 21 cases the rectal wall thickness was greater than 5 mm and the sub-mucosa was thickened ( > or = 2 mm) and dissected by thin echo-free elements; b) the remaining 11 @entity0 presented, in addition to the previously described abnormalities, rounded elongated echo-free structures surrounding the rectum which were not found in the control group. All these 11 @entity0 had rectal varices at rectoscopy. In the group of cirrhotic @entity0 , rectoscopy showed abnormal dilated veins in 23 cases (43.5%) and rectal varices in 11 cases. Ultrasonographic and endoscopic @entity2 were more often visualized in the group of cirrhotic @entity0 than in the control group (P < 0.001). In @entity0 with @entity1 , the demonstration of rectal varices was associated with transrectal ultrasound abnormalities (P < 0.01), and in particular peri-rectal vascular formations. In cases of @entity1 the @entity6 were not associated with @entity5 at endoscopic inspection but were linked with large esophageal varices or @entity4 demonstrated on endoscopy (P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Ultrasonographic aspect of the rectal wall in liver XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have previously purified to homogeneity from @entity0 liver plasma membranes a 90-kDa glycoprotein with @entity3 -stimulated ATPase activity and other properties which identify it as the multispecific organic anion transporter (MOAT) specific for the transport into bile of non- @entity2 organic anions (Pikula, S., Hayden, J. B., Awasthi, S., Awasthi, Y. C., and Zimniak, P. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 27566-27573). In the present communication, we report the functional reconstitution of this protein into artificial proteoliposomes. The reconstituted protein catalyzed time- and concentration-dependent uptake of @entity3 into the vesicles. The transport required the presence of @entity1 . Phosphorylation of the 90-kDa protein by protein kinase C prior to reconstitution more than tripled the Vmax of transport but did not change the Km for @entity3 . The protein created and, at steady state, maintained a more than 200-fold and 500-fold @entity3 gradient across the membrane for the unphosphorylated and phosphorylated form, respectively. The transport activity of the 90-kDa protein is sufficient to account for the hepatic secretory maximum of non- @entity2 organic anions in the @entity0 .

title: Organic anion-transporting ATPase of XXXX liver. II. Functional reconstitution of active transport and regulation by phosphorylation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In a preliminary open bioequivalence investigation of orientating character (n =4) a single 100 mg dose of @entity1 (study I) led to maximum @entity2 plasma levels (determined by HPLC) of 126.5 +/- 28.4 ng/ml (standard formulation 1) and 130 +/- 13.1 ng/ml (test formulation 2). The corresponding values for the sum of the fluorogenic metabolites were 418.9 +/- 43.5 ng (eq)/ml formulation 1 and 469.9 +/- 80.3 ng (eq)/ml formulation 2. A comparison of AUCs for both total fluorogenic metabolites and @entity2 showed no marked differences. In a 2nd cross-over bioequivalence study with multiple dosing, mean minimum steady-state levels of 102.5 +/- 14 ng/ml (formulation 1) and 98.1 +/- 14.1 ng/ml (formulation 2) were obtained for @entity2 , and 389 +/- 35.8 ng (eq)/ml (formulation 1) and 391.4 +/- 18.9 ng (eq)/ml (formulation 2) for total fluorescence. The AUCs for post-steady-state elimination, starting with the final @entity1 dose on day 10, were comparable. They were calculated to be 13226 +/-828 ng (eq)/ml . h (formulation 1) and 13858 +/- 651 ng (eq)/ml . h (formulation 2) for total fluorescence, and 3222 +/- 217 ng/ml (formulation 1) and 3167 +/- 195 ng/ml (formulation 2) for @entity2 . Both @entity1 formulations can be considered as bioequivalent. The elimination half-lives (t 1/2) after a single 100 mg dose of @entity1 are (Study I) 16.4--19.1 h for @entity2 and 13.6--14.0 h for the sum of the active (i.e., antagonistic to @entity0 ) metabolites. Certain therapeutic conditions (e.g. multiple dosing of 100 mg @entity1 with tau = 12 h, Study II) can lead to slightly increased t 1/2 values for both @entity2 (18.6--21.4 (h)) and total fluorogenic metabolites (15.8--16.9 (h)). The steady-state level for both formulations is reached by the third day of treatment.

title: [Bioavailability studies of two XXXX -preparations (author's transl)].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Kinetochores are structures that assemble on centromeric DNA and mediate the attachment of chromosomes to the microtubules of the mitotic spindle. The protein components of kinetochores are poorly understood, but the simplicity of the @entity0 kinetochore makes it an attractive candidate for molecular dissection. Mutations in genes encoding @entity1 and @entity2 , proteins that bind to @entity0 centromeres, interfere with chromosome segregation in vivo. To determine the roles played by these factors and by various regions of centromeric DNA in kinetochore function, we have developed a method to partially reassemble kinetochores on exogenous centromeric templates in vitro and to visualize the attachment of these reassembled kinetochore complexes to microtubules. In this assay, single reassembled complexes appear to mediate microtubule binding. We find that @entity2 is absolutely essential for this attachment but, contrary to previous reports (Hyman, A. A., K. Middleton, M. Centola, T.J. Mitchison, and J. Carbon. 1992. Microtubule-motor activity of a @entity0 centromere-binding protein complex. Nature (Lond.). 359:533-536) is not sufficient. Additional cellular factors interact with @entity2 to form active microtubule-binding complexes. This is mediated primarily by the CDEIII region of centromeric DNA but CDEII plays an essential modulatory role. Thus, the attachment of kinetochores to microtubules appears to involve a hierarchy of interactions by factors that assemble on a core complex consisting of DNA-bound @entity2 .

title: Factors required for the binding of reassembled XXXX kinetochores to microtubules in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity4 gene is known to be required for normal polarized cell growth in the budding @entity1 @entity1 . We now show that @entity4 is identical to the previously identified BEM2 gene. bem2 mutants are defective in bud site selection at 26 degrees C and localized cell surface growth and organization of the actin cytoskeleton at 37 degrees C. BEM2 encodes a protein with a @entity2 -terminal domain homologous to sequences found in several GTPase-activating proteins, including @entity0 Bcr. The @entity3 -domain from the Bem2 protein (Bem2p) or @entity0 Bcr can functionally substitute for Bem2p. The Rho1 and Rho2 GTPases are the likely in vivo targets of Bem2p because bem2 mutant phenotypes can be partially suppressed by increasing the gene dosage of RHO1 or RHO2. CDC55 encodes the putative regulatory B subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, and mutations in BEM2 have previously been identified as suppressors of the cdc55-1 mutation. We show here that mutations in the previously identified GRR1 gene can suppress bem2 mutations. grr1 and cdc55 mutants are both elongated in shape and cold-sensitive for growth, and cells lacking both GRR1 and CDC55 exhibit a synthetic lethal phenotype. bem2 mutant phenotypes also can be suppressed by the @entity5 -vl (also known as SRK1) mutation, which was shown previously to suppress mutations in the protein phosphatase-encoding SIT4 gene. Cells lacking both BEM2 and SIT4 exhibit a synthetic lethal phenotype even in the presence of the @entity5 -v1 suppressor. These genetic interactions together suggest that protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation play an important role in the BEM2-mediated process of polarized cell growth.

title: Control of cellular morphogenesis by the Ip12/Bem2 XXXX : possible role of protein phosphorylation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Normal growth of the fetal lung is dependent upon fetal breathing movements. We have previously demonstrated that mechanical strain, simulating fetal breathing movements, stimulated DNA synthesis and cell division by reaggregated alveolar-like structures of fetal @entity0 lung cells. Herein, we report that both intracellular and extracellular @entity2 modulate strain-induced proliferative activity. Strain-induced cell proliferation was inhibited by @entity10 /AM, an intracellular @entity2 chelator. The intracellular @entity2 modulators, @entity11 and @entity12 , increased DNA synthesis of unstrained cultures and partially reduced strain-induced cell growth activity. A similar effect was noted with the @entity2 ionophore @entity7 . Extracellular @entity1 increased DNA synthesis in unstrained cultures in a concentration-dependent fashion. The stimulatory effect of strain on DNA synthesis was also dependent on the @entity2 concentration in the medium. Furthermore, strain-enhanced DNA synthesis was inhibited by the presence of a divalent ion chelator, EGTA, in the medium. Mechanical strain increased 45Ca2+ influx within 1 min after the onset of strain. This rapid entry of @entity2 was not affected by @entity2 channel blockers, such as @entity5 or @entity8 . @entity2 channel blockers @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity8 , @entity3 , or @entity9 also did not inhibit strain-induced cell growth activity. In contrast, @entity6 , a stretch-activated channel blocker, inhibited strain-induced 45Ca2+ influx and suppressed strain-enhanced DNA synthesis. We conclude that the entry of @entity2 into cells through stretch-activated ion channels plays a critical role in strain-induced fetal lung cell proliferation.

title: Inhibition of mechanical strain-induced fetal @entity0 lung cell proliferation by XXXX , a stretch-activated channel blocker.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Normal growth of the fetal lung is dependent upon fetal breathing movements. We have previously demonstrated that mechanical strain, simulating fetal breathing movements, stimulated DNA synthesis and cell division by reaggregated alveolar-like structures of fetal @entity0 lung cells. Herein, we report that both intracellular and extracellular @entity2 modulate strain-induced proliferative activity. Strain-induced cell proliferation was inhibited by @entity10 /AM, an intracellular @entity2 chelator. The intracellular @entity2 modulators, @entity11 and @entity12 , increased DNA synthesis of unstrained cultures and partially reduced strain-induced cell growth activity. A similar effect was noted with the @entity2 ionophore @entity7 . Extracellular @entity1 increased DNA synthesis in unstrained cultures in a concentration-dependent fashion. The stimulatory effect of strain on DNA synthesis was also dependent on the @entity2 concentration in the medium. Furthermore, strain-enhanced DNA synthesis was inhibited by the presence of a divalent ion chelator, EGTA, in the medium. Mechanical strain increased 45Ca2+ influx within 1 min after the onset of strain. This rapid entry of @entity2 was not affected by @entity2 channel blockers, such as @entity5 or @entity8 . @entity2 channel blockers @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity8 , @entity3 , or @entity9 also did not inhibit strain-induced cell growth activity. In contrast, @entity6 , a stretch-activated channel blocker, inhibited strain-induced 45Ca2+ influx and suppressed strain-enhanced DNA synthesis. We conclude that the entry of @entity2 into cells through stretch-activated ion channels plays a critical role in strain-induced fetal lung cell proliferation.

title: Inhibition of mechanical strain-induced fetal XXXX lung cell proliferation by @entity6 , a stretch-activated channel blocker.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) show new characteristics compared to the corresponding bulk material. These nanoscale properties make them interesting for various applications in biomedicine and life sciences. One field of application is the use of magnetic NPs to support regeneration in the nervous system. Drug delivery requires a functionalization of NPs with bio-functional molecules. In our study, we functionalized self-made @entity4 -coated @entity2 NPs with nerve @entity3 (NGF) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Next, we tested the bio-functionality of NGF in a @entity0 @entity1 cell line (PC12) and the bio-functionality of @entity5 in an organotypic spinal cord culture. Covalent binding of NGF to @entity4 -NPs impaired bio-functionality of NGF, but non-covalent approach differentiated PC12 cells reliably. Non-covalent binding of @entity5 showed a satisfying bio-functionality of @entity5 : @entity4 -NPs, but turned out to be unstable in conjugation to the @entity4 -NPs. Taken together, our study showed the importance of assessing bio-functionality and binding stability of functionalized growth factors using proper biological models. It also shows that successful functionalization of magnetic NPs with growth factors is dependent on the used binding chemistry and that it is hardly predictable. For use as therapeutics, functionalization strategies have to be reproducible and future studies are needed.

title: XXXX choice is critical for successful functionalization of nanoparticles.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Experimental chemotherapy with @entity4 transplanted in @entity2 has been studying to improve the prognosis of drug resistant @entity4 . In this paper the characteristics of transplanted @entity1 were presented. Two @entity1 , CC-HM-I (HM) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), were used. The characteristics of the @entity1 were studied in macroscopical findings, histological findings, growth curves, DNA amount analysis, LDH activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and their isozyme patterns. Both @entity1 well maintained the characteristics of original and/or the beginning ones. Some differences between two @entity1 were pointed out. In morphology, HM was yellowish and hard @entity1 and the growth rate was rather slow. While, @entity5 was dark and soft @entity1 and contained a lot of bleeding and @entity3 tissue. Its growth rate was quick and all of @entity2 with @entity5 died of @entity1 around 50 days after transplantation. The serum level of HCG of HM was 75.8 +/- 2.8 ng/ml/g @entity1 and that of @entity5 was 117.4 +/- 6.2 ng/ml/g @entity1 . The good correlation between the @entity1 weight and the serum level of HCG was obtained in both groups. The activities of LDH and alkaline phosphatase in the tissues of @entity5 were about 3 times as higher as the one of HM. It was confirmed that the transplanted @entity4 in @entity2 was useful model for the study the nature of @entity0 @entity4 and it will contribute to the establishment of the rational chemotherapy for drug resistant @entity4 .

title: [Characteristics of XXXX @entity4 transplanted in @entity2 (author's transl)].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Experimental chemotherapy with @entity4 transplanted in @entity2 has been studying to improve the prognosis of drug resistant @entity4 . In this paper the characteristics of transplanted @entity1 were presented. Two @entity1 , CC-HM-I (HM) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), were used. The characteristics of the @entity1 were studied in macroscopical findings, histological findings, growth curves, DNA amount analysis, LDH activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and their isozyme patterns. Both @entity1 well maintained the characteristics of original and/or the beginning ones. Some differences between two @entity1 were pointed out. In morphology, HM was yellowish and hard @entity1 and the growth rate was rather slow. While, @entity5 was dark and soft @entity1 and contained a lot of bleeding and @entity3 tissue. Its growth rate was quick and all of @entity2 with @entity5 died of @entity1 around 50 days after transplantation. The serum level of HCG of HM was 75.8 +/- 2.8 ng/ml/g @entity1 and that of @entity5 was 117.4 +/- 6.2 ng/ml/g @entity1 . The good correlation between the @entity1 weight and the serum level of HCG was obtained in both groups. The activities of LDH and alkaline phosphatase in the tissues of @entity5 were about 3 times as higher as the one of HM. It was confirmed that the transplanted @entity4 in @entity2 was useful model for the study the nature of @entity0 @entity4 and it will contribute to the establishment of the rational chemotherapy for drug resistant @entity4 .

title: [Characteristics of @entity0 XXXX transplanted in @entity2 (author's transl)].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Experimental chemotherapy with @entity4 transplanted in @entity2 has been studying to improve the prognosis of drug resistant @entity4 . In this paper the characteristics of transplanted @entity1 were presented. Two @entity1 , CC-HM-I (HM) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), were used. The characteristics of the @entity1 were studied in macroscopical findings, histological findings, growth curves, DNA amount analysis, LDH activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and their isozyme patterns. Both @entity1 well maintained the characteristics of original and/or the beginning ones. Some differences between two @entity1 were pointed out. In morphology, HM was yellowish and hard @entity1 and the growth rate was rather slow. While, @entity5 was dark and soft @entity1 and contained a lot of bleeding and @entity3 tissue. Its growth rate was quick and all of @entity2 with @entity5 died of @entity1 around 50 days after transplantation. The serum level of HCG of HM was 75.8 +/- 2.8 ng/ml/g @entity1 and that of @entity5 was 117.4 +/- 6.2 ng/ml/g @entity1 . The good correlation between the @entity1 weight and the serum level of HCG was obtained in both groups. The activities of LDH and alkaline phosphatase in the tissues of @entity5 were about 3 times as higher as the one of HM. It was confirmed that the transplanted @entity4 in @entity2 was useful model for the study the nature of @entity0 @entity4 and it will contribute to the establishment of the rational chemotherapy for drug resistant @entity4 .

title: [Characteristics of @entity0 @entity4 transplanted in XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity3 protein, a negative regulator of cell growth, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many @entity0 @entity1 following gene mutation and/or deletion. We screened a large number of @entity1 for @entity3 protein accumulation suggestive of gene mutation. Samples were divided into benign @entity2 (n = 95) and invasive @entity1 with local or distant invasion (n = 26). All main @entity1 classes were represented. Putative @entity3 mutations were detected by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded sections using polyclonal CM-1 and monoclonal DO-7 and PAb1801 antibodies. Results were compared to normal post-mortem pituitary tissue controls (n = 17). @entity3 protein accumulation was detected in invasive @entity1 (16%), but only in corticotrophinomas (2/4) and @entity1 (4/15). In non-invasive @entity2 , protein accumulation was observed only in ACTH-secreting @entity1 where 50% were positive (16/32). No protein accumulation was identified in any control tissue. These results indicate that @entity3 protein accumulation may play a role in the development of @entity2 and in the progression of @entity1 to the invasive state.

title: @entity3 Protein accumulates in @entity2 and invasive non-functional XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity3 protein, a negative regulator of cell growth, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many @entity0 @entity1 following gene mutation and/or deletion. We screened a large number of @entity1 for @entity3 protein accumulation suggestive of gene mutation. Samples were divided into benign @entity2 (n = 95) and invasive @entity1 with local or distant invasion (n = 26). All main @entity1 classes were represented. Putative @entity3 mutations were detected by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded sections using polyclonal CM-1 and monoclonal DO-7 and PAb1801 antibodies. Results were compared to normal post-mortem pituitary tissue controls (n = 17). @entity3 protein accumulation was detected in invasive @entity1 (16%), but only in corticotrophinomas (2/4) and @entity1 (4/15). In non-invasive @entity2 , protein accumulation was observed only in ACTH-secreting @entity1 where 50% were positive (16/32). No protein accumulation was identified in any control tissue. These results indicate that @entity3 protein accumulation may play a role in the development of @entity2 and in the progression of @entity1 to the invasive state.

title: @entity3 Protein accumulates in XXXX and invasive non-functional @entity2 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity3 protein, a negative regulator of cell growth, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many @entity0 @entity1 following gene mutation and/or deletion. We screened a large number of @entity1 for @entity3 protein accumulation suggestive of gene mutation. Samples were divided into benign @entity2 (n = 95) and invasive @entity1 with local or distant invasion (n = 26). All main @entity1 classes were represented. Putative @entity3 mutations were detected by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded sections using polyclonal CM-1 and monoclonal DO-7 and PAb1801 antibodies. Results were compared to normal post-mortem pituitary tissue controls (n = 17). @entity3 protein accumulation was detected in invasive @entity1 (16%), but only in corticotrophinomas (2/4) and @entity1 (4/15). In non-invasive @entity2 , protein accumulation was observed only in ACTH-secreting @entity1 where 50% were positive (16/32). No protein accumulation was identified in any control tissue. These results indicate that @entity3 protein accumulation may play a role in the development of @entity2 and in the progression of @entity1 to the invasive state.

title: XXXX Protein accumulates in @entity2 and invasive non-functional @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Seventy-seven cases of @entity3 of unknown origin were studied retrospectively. @entity2 was the most common presenting symptom and @entity7 was the most common finding on physical examination. @entity1 involved several organs in two thirds of the @entity0 , the lung being the most frequently involved. Complete surgical resection was possible in only four of 27 @entity0 with single organ involvement. All four @entity0 had lymph node dissections and remain free of disease after one to three years. Four @entity0 with @entity1 confined to the liver received infusion of antitumor agents through the hepatic artery which resulted in objective @entity1 regression in all, and regression of greater than 50% in two. Forty-three trials of systemic intravenous chemotherapy were administered to 38 @entity0 with nonresectable @entity1 resulting in greater than 50% @entity1 regression in eight. Responses were more frequent with regimens containing @entity4 plus either @entity5 or @entity6 . Median survival of all @entity0 in the study was 31 weeks. @entity0 who received chemotherapy survived significantly longer (median 41 vs 26 weeks, P = 0.005). Similarly, @entity0 who responded to chemotherapy survived significantly longer than nonresponders (median 54 vs 27 weeks, P less than 0.02). Our results indicate that early treatment of @entity0 with @entity3 of unknown origin improves their prognosis.

title: XXXX of unknown primary origin: impact of chemotherapy on survival.

answer: @entity3


abstract: VO2 max, as obtained by five cycloergometric test protocols, was studied in 14 normal sedentary subjects: seven @entity0 (from 21--35 years) and seven @entity0 (from 21--48 years) who carried out four (n = 14) or five (n = 8) of the following exercise programmes: triangular tests, which consist of increasing the load (1) 20 W/min; (2) 30 W/3 min, rectangular tests at constant load; (3) the highest load which the subject could maintain for about 10 min (MSP + 20 W); (4) maximal supported power (MSP) during 20 min; (5) trapezoidal test, consisting of a rectangular exercise of 40 W (10 min), followed test no. 2. Exercises were performed on a cycle ergometer, while VE, VO2, VCO2, f and fH were continuously measured with an open circuit system. In @entity0 , the VO2 max (mean +/- SEM) was lower (36.5 +/- 2.1 ml . kg-1 . @entity1 ) than in @entity0 (48.7 +/- 3.6 ml . kg-1 . @entity1 ). The highest ventilation rate observed during exercise for the whole group (VE = 101 + 13 l . @entity1 ) was always lower than the maximal @entity2 (MVV = 144 +/- 131 . @entity1 , p less than 0.001). VO2 max strongly correlated with lean body weight, VC, FEV1, and MVV. In spite of the significant differences between the maximal load level sustained with the first three tests, the VO2 max values were not significantly different. Moreover, there exists an excellent correlation between them. It appears that neither the absolute load sustained in the tests, nor the duration nor intensity of the submaximal load which preceded the maximal level (tests 1, 2, and 5), influence the value of VO2 max.

title: VO2 max during progressive and constant bicycle exercise in sedentary XXXX and @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: VO2 max, as obtained by five cycloergometric test protocols, was studied in 14 normal sedentary subjects: seven @entity0 (from 21--35 years) and seven @entity0 (from 21--48 years) who carried out four (n = 14) or five (n = 8) of the following exercise programmes: triangular tests, which consist of increasing the load (1) 20 W/min; (2) 30 W/3 min, rectangular tests at constant load; (3) the highest load which the subject could maintain for about 10 min (MSP + 20 W); (4) maximal supported power (MSP) during 20 min; (5) trapezoidal test, consisting of a rectangular exercise of 40 W (10 min), followed test no. 2. Exercises were performed on a cycle ergometer, while VE, VO2, VCO2, f and fH were continuously measured with an open circuit system. In @entity0 , the VO2 max (mean +/- SEM) was lower (36.5 +/- 2.1 ml . kg-1 . @entity1 ) than in @entity0 (48.7 +/- 3.6 ml . kg-1 . @entity1 ). The highest ventilation rate observed during exercise for the whole group (VE = 101 + 13 l . @entity1 ) was always lower than the maximal @entity2 (MVV = 144 +/- 131 . @entity1 , p less than 0.001). VO2 max strongly correlated with lean body weight, VC, FEV1, and MVV. In spite of the significant differences between the maximal load level sustained with the first three tests, the VO2 max values were not significantly different. Moreover, there exists an excellent correlation between them. It appears that neither the absolute load sustained in the tests, nor the duration nor intensity of the submaximal load which preceded the maximal level (tests 1, 2, and 5), influence the value of VO2 max.

title: VO2 max during progressive and constant bicycle exercise in sedentary @entity0 and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to assess the determinants of change of total @entity4 and high density lipoprotein @entity4 (HDL-C) change in an adult population. METHODS: The prospective cohort was examined at baseline and eight years later. A total of 2,222 @entity0 and 2,677 @entity0 age 20-79 years at baseline were included. Analyses were performed in 15-year age groups, and @entity0 with @entity3 or @entity1 during the observation period were excluded. RESULTS: In longitudinal analyses, body mass index (BMI) and plasma total @entity4 levels of each rose in concert among younger age groups, whereas levels declined in older individuals. Mean levels of BMI and total @entity4 peaked at a later age in @entity0 than in @entity0 . The corresponding changes in HDL-C were negative at all ages, and greater declines were seen in the elderly. A decrease in plasma total @entity4 was highly associated with greater age and a decrease in body mass index over the study interval, whereas the decline in HDL-C was proportional to change in body mass index. These changes remained significant after adjustment for baseline age and change in @entity5 intake, cigarette consumption, diuretic use, and oral @entity6 use. CONCLUSIONS: The rise in plasma total @entity4 among apparently healthy young @entity0 and @entity0 and its fall in the elderly are significantly associated with similar trends for @entity2 . The key determinants of a decline in HDL-C are an increase in @entity2 and advancing age itself. A decline in total @entity4 and in HDL-C is particularly common among the elderly, and it can be expected to occur without specific dietary or pharmacologic intervention.

title: Determinants of change in total XXXX and HDL-C with age: the Framingham Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 (A) administered in doses of 10, 50 and 100 micrograms/ @entity0 into the right lateral ventricle of the brain (i.v.c.) in @entity0 reduced the spontaneous and exploratory locomotor activity, decreased the body temperature, and increased the effects of narcotics. The reduction of the locomotor activity after A was antagonized by @entity15 , alpha-MT, and @entity10 . Total chemical destruction of catecholaminergic neurons and selective destruction of dopaminergic neurons caused increase in A-induced locomotor activity. A had no effect on the locomotor activity in @entity0 subjected to the action of @entity7 , @entity7 with @entity9 , and @entity13 or @entity3 . In @entity0 treated with @entity13 , @entity3 , @entity17 or subjected to selective destruction of noradrenalinergic neurons adrenaline decreased significantly the locomotor activity. A (10 micrograms) increased and in higher doses inhibited @entity12 -induced @entity8 . It potentiated @entity12 and @entity11 stereotypy and antagonized @entity16 induced with @entity5 or @entity6 . In the despair test adrenaline reduced the duration of @entity1 . In doses of 0.1, 1.0 and 10 micrograms/kg i.v. A increased slightly the flexor reflex of the hind paw of spinal @entity0 . This action was antagonized by @entity14 as well as by @entity3 . In biochemical investigations it was demonstrated that A decreased the level of @entity2 in @entity0 brain but had no effect on its utilization. The obtained results indicate that A i.v.c. stimulated catecholaminergic receptors.

title: Central action of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The disposition of @entity2 was evaluated in 28 @entity0 and adolescents with @entity1 , as part of a phase II clinical trial. @entity0 received either 30 mg/m2 (11) or 90 mg/m2 (17) of @entity2 as a 6-h IV infusion. Serum samples and divided urine collections were obtained over 48 h following completion of the @entity2 infusion, and were assayed in duplicate for total @entity3 by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Serum samples obtained up to 4 h after three @entity2 infusions were assayed for parent (free) @entity2 following ultrafiltration. The mean (+/- SE) elimination half-life of free @entity2 in serum was 1.3 (+/- 0.4) h. Serial serum concentrations of total @entity3 following 90 mg/m2 dosages were adequately described by a biexponential equation. The mean (+/- SE) serum @entity5 of total @entity3 was 0.42 (+/- 0.10) h and the mean (+/- SE) T 1/2 beta was 44.43 (+/- 8.24) h. The intercompartment distribution rate constants of a two-compartment kinetic model indicate extensive tissue accumulation of total @entity3 , with a rate of transport into tissue compartments (K12) that is about six times the rate of transport out of tissues (K21). The mean (+/- SE) renal clearance of total @entity3 from 0-3 h was 37.36 (+/- 11.96) ml/min/m2 and 35.8 (+/- 13.6) ml/min/m2 for the 30 mg/m2 and 90 mg/m2 groups, respectively. This value decreased to 3.25 (+/- 0.94) and 2.16 (+/- 0.4) ml/min/m2 for the two groups by the 6-12 h interval, and remained between 1 and 3 ml/min/m2 for the duration of the observation period. The ratio of total @entity3 clearance to @entity4 clearance decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) beginning 3 h post-infusion. The change in renal clearance of total @entity3 is apparently a function of two independent first-order processes for renal clearance of parent drug and @entity2 metabolites.

title: XXXX disposition in @entity0 and adolescents with @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The disposition of @entity2 was evaluated in 28 @entity0 and adolescents with @entity1 , as part of a phase II clinical trial. @entity0 received either 30 mg/m2 (11) or 90 mg/m2 (17) of @entity2 as a 6-h IV infusion. Serum samples and divided urine collections were obtained over 48 h following completion of the @entity2 infusion, and were assayed in duplicate for total @entity3 by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Serum samples obtained up to 4 h after three @entity2 infusions were assayed for parent (free) @entity2 following ultrafiltration. The mean (+/- SE) elimination half-life of free @entity2 in serum was 1.3 (+/- 0.4) h. Serial serum concentrations of total @entity3 following 90 mg/m2 dosages were adequately described by a biexponential equation. The mean (+/- SE) serum @entity5 of total @entity3 was 0.42 (+/- 0.10) h and the mean (+/- SE) T 1/2 beta was 44.43 (+/- 8.24) h. The intercompartment distribution rate constants of a two-compartment kinetic model indicate extensive tissue accumulation of total @entity3 , with a rate of transport into tissue compartments (K12) that is about six times the rate of transport out of tissues (K21). The mean (+/- SE) renal clearance of total @entity3 from 0-3 h was 37.36 (+/- 11.96) ml/min/m2 and 35.8 (+/- 13.6) ml/min/m2 for the 30 mg/m2 and 90 mg/m2 groups, respectively. This value decreased to 3.25 (+/- 0.94) and 2.16 (+/- 0.4) ml/min/m2 for the two groups by the 6-12 h interval, and remained between 1 and 3 ml/min/m2 for the duration of the observation period. The ratio of total @entity3 clearance to @entity4 clearance decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) beginning 3 h post-infusion. The change in renal clearance of total @entity3 is apparently a function of two independent first-order processes for renal clearance of parent drug and @entity2 metabolites.

title: @entity2 disposition in @entity0 and adolescents with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The disposition of @entity2 was evaluated in 28 @entity0 and adolescents with @entity1 , as part of a phase II clinical trial. @entity0 received either 30 mg/m2 (11) or 90 mg/m2 (17) of @entity2 as a 6-h IV infusion. Serum samples and divided urine collections were obtained over 48 h following completion of the @entity2 infusion, and were assayed in duplicate for total @entity3 by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Serum samples obtained up to 4 h after three @entity2 infusions were assayed for parent (free) @entity2 following ultrafiltration. The mean (+/- SE) elimination half-life of free @entity2 in serum was 1.3 (+/- 0.4) h. Serial serum concentrations of total @entity3 following 90 mg/m2 dosages were adequately described by a biexponential equation. The mean (+/- SE) serum @entity5 of total @entity3 was 0.42 (+/- 0.10) h and the mean (+/- SE) T 1/2 beta was 44.43 (+/- 8.24) h. The intercompartment distribution rate constants of a two-compartment kinetic model indicate extensive tissue accumulation of total @entity3 , with a rate of transport into tissue compartments (K12) that is about six times the rate of transport out of tissues (K21). The mean (+/- SE) renal clearance of total @entity3 from 0-3 h was 37.36 (+/- 11.96) ml/min/m2 and 35.8 (+/- 13.6) ml/min/m2 for the 30 mg/m2 and 90 mg/m2 groups, respectively. This value decreased to 3.25 (+/- 0.94) and 2.16 (+/- 0.4) ml/min/m2 for the two groups by the 6-12 h interval, and remained between 1 and 3 ml/min/m2 for the duration of the observation period. The ratio of total @entity3 clearance to @entity4 clearance decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) beginning 3 h post-infusion. The change in renal clearance of total @entity3 is apparently a function of two independent first-order processes for renal clearance of parent drug and @entity2 metabolites.

title: @entity2 disposition in XXXX and adolescents with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Urinary @entity4 and @entity1 excretion was studied in a group of three-year-olds, their mothers and fathers during night rest, one day at home and one day at hospital. The stay in the hospital, which was part of a longitudinal study of the families, induced a pronounced rise in adrenaline excretion and a moderate increase in @entity2 excretion in relation to the at-home level. Although the @entity4 excretion in relation to body weight was much higher in the @entity0 , the magnitude of the increase at the hospital was about the same in all the family members. The adrenaline excretion was also affected by the diverse conditions at the hospital and showed, for example, a marked decrease during lunch hour. The @entity1 excretion at the hospital tended to be elevated only in fathers. On the average, mothers excreted about the same amount of @entity3 as the fathers at the hospital, but significantly more @entity2 . In earlier studies males have shown a greater adrenaline output than females during achievement-demanding situations. The findings of this study were interpreted within the context of the specific challenge that the situation represented to the mothers. The mothers also excreted more @entity2 in the at-home condition. @entity4 and @entity1 excretion levels within family members tended to be positively correlated, but the correlations were generally low.

title: XXXX and @entity1 excretion patterns in three-year-old @entity0 and their parents.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Urinary @entity4 and @entity1 excretion was studied in a group of three-year-olds, their mothers and fathers during night rest, one day at home and one day at hospital. The stay in the hospital, which was part of a longitudinal study of the families, induced a pronounced rise in adrenaline excretion and a moderate increase in @entity2 excretion in relation to the at-home level. Although the @entity4 excretion in relation to body weight was much higher in the @entity0 , the magnitude of the increase at the hospital was about the same in all the family members. The adrenaline excretion was also affected by the diverse conditions at the hospital and showed, for example, a marked decrease during lunch hour. The @entity1 excretion at the hospital tended to be elevated only in fathers. On the average, mothers excreted about the same amount of @entity3 as the fathers at the hospital, but significantly more @entity2 . In earlier studies males have shown a greater adrenaline output than females during achievement-demanding situations. The findings of this study were interpreted within the context of the specific challenge that the situation represented to the mothers. The mothers also excreted more @entity2 in the at-home condition. @entity4 and @entity1 excretion levels within family members tended to be positively correlated, but the correlations were generally low.

title: @entity4 and XXXX excretion patterns in three-year-old @entity0 and their parents.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Urinary @entity4 and @entity1 excretion was studied in a group of three-year-olds, their mothers and fathers during night rest, one day at home and one day at hospital. The stay in the hospital, which was part of a longitudinal study of the families, induced a pronounced rise in adrenaline excretion and a moderate increase in @entity2 excretion in relation to the at-home level. Although the @entity4 excretion in relation to body weight was much higher in the @entity0 , the magnitude of the increase at the hospital was about the same in all the family members. The adrenaline excretion was also affected by the diverse conditions at the hospital and showed, for example, a marked decrease during lunch hour. The @entity1 excretion at the hospital tended to be elevated only in fathers. On the average, mothers excreted about the same amount of @entity3 as the fathers at the hospital, but significantly more @entity2 . In earlier studies males have shown a greater adrenaline output than females during achievement-demanding situations. The findings of this study were interpreted within the context of the specific challenge that the situation represented to the mothers. The mothers also excreted more @entity2 in the at-home condition. @entity4 and @entity1 excretion levels within family members tended to be positively correlated, but the correlations were generally low.

title: @entity4 and @entity1 excretion patterns in three-year-old XXXX and their parents.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 lessen @entity3 and improve comfort in @entity1 @entity0 . @entity7 is an effective @entity6 with a rapid onset and short duration of action, properties that could permit its use in outpatient areas or in short but stressful situations. Two consecutive trials were undertaken to study @entity7 as an adjunct in patients receiving anticancer chemotherapy. Each studied @entity7 given as a short infusion 30 min prior to chemotherapy at dose levels ranging from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/kg. Trial I determined the safety, sedation, and dose of @entity7 in @entity0 receiving chemotherapy of low to moderate emetic potential. Twenty-two @entity0 were entered. No significant @entity8 or @entity2 desaturation was observed. At the optimal dose level (0.04 mg/kg), sedation began a median of 3 min following administration and continued for a median of 38 min. Sixty-four percent of @entity0 experienced mild sedation. Trial II studied the same doses of @entity7 when used in combination with intravenous @entity9 and @entity4 in @entity0 receiving @entity5 > or = 100 mg/m2. Nineteen @entity0 were entered; 79% experienced mild sedation. At the 0.04-mg/kg dose level, sedation began a median of 18 min following administration and continued for a median of 170 min. @entity7 can be given safely to @entity0 receiving chemotherapy with and without concomitant antiemetics. The predictability and duration of its sedative effects suggest it can be used in outpatients.

title: XXXX in patients receiving anticancer chemotherapy and antiemetics.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Neurosurgeons are frequently involved in the management of @entity0 with @entity3 ; however, management options and operative techniques can vary significantly. In this study, the authors review the current literature and retrospectively review the clinical series at a single tertiary referral center. METHODS: After Institutional Review Board approval, the medical records and computed tomographic (CT) imaging of @entity0 whose @entity4 were treated surgically at the University of Utah were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic information, mechanism of injury, associated injuries, operative technique, and pattern of injury on CT were analyzed. RESULTS: Between 2000 and 2012, 33 @entity0 underwent successful cranialization of the frontal sinus following @entity2 . The material used to obliterate the sinus varied. No @entity0 required immediate or delayed reoperation. Nasofrontal outflow tract obstruction, the importance of which has been emphasized in the plastic surgery literature, was apparent on either initial or retrospective review of the available CT imaging in 96%. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, we successfully surgically treated 33 @entity0 with @entity4 . The presence of @entity5 , nasofrontal outflow tract injury, associated @entity6 , and subsequent formation of communicating pathways and infection must be considered when constructing a treatment plan. The goals of treatment should be: (i) surgical repair of the defect and elimination of the conduit from the intracranial space to the outside and (ii) elimination of any cerebrospinal fluid pressure gradient that may develop across the surgical repair. We present a treatment algorithm focusing on the presence of nasofrontal outflow tract @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity5 .

title: Surgical management of XXXX : Case series from a single institution and literature review.

answer: @entity4


abstract: SETTING: An urban slum in Kamrangirchar, Bangladesh. OBJECTIVES: Among @entity0 aged 6-59 months seeking medical care from the two M  decins Sans Fronti  res-supported primary health centres, to determine 1) the prevalence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and 2) the extent of overlap between @entity2 and @entity1 . DESIGN: In a retrospective record review, data were analysed from out- @entity0 registers on age, sex, height, weight and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of @entity0 attending for medical care from April to September 2011. @entity2 was defined as weight for height < -3 Z scores of the median and/or MUAC <115 mm. @entity1 was defined as height for age < -3 Z scores of the median. World Health Organization growth standards were used as reference. RESULTS: Data were complete in the records of 7318 (98%) @entity0 , of whom 322 (4%) had @entity2 and 1698 (23%) had @entity1 . Among the 322 @entity0 with @entity2 , 162 (50%) also had @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In an urban Bangladesh slum, @entity2 and @entity1 co-exist, with a predominance of @entity1 . The current national guidelines for severe @entity3 , which focus on identification and management only for @entity2 , urgently need to be expanded to include @entity1 if substantial childhood morbidity and mortality are to be reduced.

title: XXXX in @entity0 presenting to health facilities in an urban slum in Bangladesh.

answer: @entity3


abstract: SETTING: An urban slum in Kamrangirchar, Bangladesh. OBJECTIVES: Among @entity0 aged 6-59 months seeking medical care from the two M  decins Sans Fronti  res-supported primary health centres, to determine 1) the prevalence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and 2) the extent of overlap between @entity2 and @entity1 . DESIGN: In a retrospective record review, data were analysed from out- @entity0 registers on age, sex, height, weight and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of @entity0 attending for medical care from April to September 2011. @entity2 was defined as weight for height < -3 Z scores of the median and/or MUAC <115 mm. @entity1 was defined as height for age < -3 Z scores of the median. World Health Organization growth standards were used as reference. RESULTS: Data were complete in the records of 7318 (98%) @entity0 , of whom 322 (4%) had @entity2 and 1698 (23%) had @entity1 . Among the 322 @entity0 with @entity2 , 162 (50%) also had @entity1 . CONCLUSION: In an urban Bangladesh slum, @entity2 and @entity1 co-exist, with a predominance of @entity1 . The current national guidelines for severe @entity3 , which focus on identification and management only for @entity2 , urgently need to be expanded to include @entity1 if substantial childhood morbidity and mortality are to be reduced.

title: @entity3 in XXXX presenting to health facilities in an urban slum in Bangladesh.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The hormone-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor must be bound to @entity5 protein (hsp) 90 for it to have a high-affinity @entity2 binding conformation. We have recently demonstrated that @entity3 is required for cell-free assembly of the receptor. @entity7 complex and concomitant activation of @entity2 binding activity (Hutchison, K.A., Dittmar, K.D., Czar, M.J., and Pratt, W. B. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 5043-5049). @entity7 and @entity3 are known to exist together in a cytosolic complex containing several other proteins, and in this work we ask if all of the factors required for proper receptor folding and heterocomplex assembly are preassociated in this multiprotein complex. The multiprotein complex was immunoadsorbed to protein A-agarose from @entity1 reticulocyte lysate using the 3G3 monoclonal IgM directed against @entity7 . When this immunopellet is mixed with immunadsorbed @entity0 glucocorticoid receptor and incubated at 30 degrees C with @entity4 /Mg2+ and @entity6 , the receptor is converted to the @entity2 binding conformation. When the immunoadsorbed multiprotein @entity7 complex is washed extensively, it loses a weakly bound protein (not @entity3 or @entity7 ) that is required for receptor activation. This protein factor is contained in a Centricon C-100 filtrate of lysate which reconstitutes the receptor activating activity of the washed @entity7 complex. The @entity7 complex can be released from the 3G3 antibody, and in the presence of the protein factor in the Centricon C-100 filtrate it converts the receptor into a functional heterocomplex with @entity7 . The results support the proposal that the various components of reticulocyte lysate that are required to refold the glucocorticoid receptor to the @entity2 binding state are preassociated with each other, acting as a self-sufficient protein folding machine.

title: All of the factors required for assembly of the glucocorticoid receptor into a functional heterocomplex with XXXX protein 90 are preassociated in a self-sufficient protein folding structure, a "foldosome".

answer: @entity5


abstract: Effects of @entity5 and @entity8 , which are pungent substances contained in Capsicum annuum L., were studied in 32 @entity6 immobilized @entity1 . Single units were recorded from the medial thalamus using stainless steel microelectrodes. Of the 56 neurons recorded, 28 were responsive to both noxious (pinching) and non-noxious (hair and/or tapping) stimuli, while 16 were activated only by non-noxious stimuli. The remaining 12 neurons did not respond to any natural stimulus. Somatic receptive fields of nociceptive and non-nociceptive neurons were found to be widely distributed over the whole body. Twenty-six of 28 nociceptive neurons were activated by an intra-arterial administration of @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity8 . Fourteen of 16 non-nociceptive neurons were not activated by these substances. The mean latency and duration of @entity4 were 8.7 and 12.5 sec, those of @entity5 were 1.2 and 6.1 sec and those of @entity8 were 1.3 and 5.0 sec, respectively. The increase of firing frequency produced by @entity5 and @entity8 was inhibited by @entity2 and this inhibition was antagonized by @entity3 . However, the activity of medial thalamic neurons with non-noxious stimuli was not affected by these drugs. These results suggest that the @entity0 -conducting fibers were selectively activated by @entity7 as well as by @entity4 .

title: Excitatory effects of XXXX on nociceptive neurons in the medial thalamus.

answer: @entity8