abstract: Five @entity0 (group A) with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and sterility for at least 3 yr were treated for 1 cycle for ovulation induction with a combined regimen of GnRH agonist ( @entity3 ) plus highly purified FSH. The @entity0 received @entity3 (Buserelin; 200 micrograms, sc, twice a day) for 6 weeks and then @entity3 combined with FSH highly purified (2 ampules a day; 75 IU FSH and less than 0.11 IU LH in each ampule). Ovarian response was evaluated by plasma @entity1 (E2) assay and ultrasound examination, performed daily. Furthermore, plasma FSH and LH levels were assayed 3 times a week. Once a follicle was considered sufficiently developed, the combined regimen was withheld, and 24-48 h later hCG (5000 IU, im) was given. The results are compared with those of 31 ovulatory cycles induced by im FSH highly purified (group B) in @entity2 @entity0 with the same FSH administration, clinical, and monitoring protocols. Ovulation was achieved in all cycles treated by @entity3 plus FSH. Two singleton and a twin pregnancy resulted. Multiple follicular development occurred in all cycles. Plasma E2 levels were generally in the normal range. Echographic and endocrine features in the 2 groups were as follows. 1) basal ovarian @entity2 were similar. 2) Group A had a greater number of follicles than did group B (P less than 0.01), while E2 to number of follicles and E2 to ovarian volume ratios were greater (P less than 0.01) in group B. 3) The linear correlations between plasma E2 levels and ovarian volume were markedly different in groups A and B (P less than 0.01). The regression line for group B had a steeper slope than that for group A. This finding indicates that at a fixed ovarian volume plasma E2 levels were significantly lower in group A than in group B. We conclude that the combined @entity3 and FSH regimen may constitute an alternative and promising tool for the induction of ovulation in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Successful induction of ovulation and conception with combined gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist plus highly purified follicle-stimulating hormone in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: How a @entity1 hospital may be viewed will depend on how its professionals think about the origins and treatment of the @entity1 . If the illness is considered physical in origin, the hospital dealing with it will give medications and apply physical methods of therapy with the aim of discharging the @entity0 rapidly. If one regards the @entity1 as having social origins the institution will deal with its social factors as important to the therapeutic process. It will design itself as a therapeutic community and consider itself primarily as such. The physical aspects of treatment will be thought of as secondary to the social ones. One may think of a @entity1 hospital as a particular type of society or culture. In this culture the @entity0 and staff are immersed and interact in the therapeutic process. It is to this culture that the @entity0 must adapt. It is in this culture that physical treatments and social factors are brought to bear on the @entity0 . This culture must in turn impact on the @entity0 for better or worse. This view requires a study of the elements which make the hospital's culture. It needs a knowledge of the larger culture and an awareness of its own impact on the institution. The value-system of the hospital also has a place of importance. This paper deals with the above and elements important to a @entity1 hospital which views itself as a culture.

title: Cultural aspects of the XXXX hospital.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To review our early operative results and endoscopic findings after laparoscopic fundoplication for @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: From January 1995 through December 2000, 49 @entity0 with @entity3 (35 @entity0 and 14 @entity0 ) underwent laparoscopic antireflux surgery. Median age was 54 years (range, 28 to 85 years). No @entity0 had high-grade @entity7 ; 6, however, had @entity1 . All 49 @entity0 had @entity2 . Heartburn was present in 41 @entity0 (84%), @entity8 in 16 (33%), epigastric or @entity6 in 9 (18%), and other symptoms in 16 (33%). A Nissen fundoplication was performed in 48 @entity0 and a partial posterior fundoplication in 1. Forty-one @entity0 (84%) had concomitant @entity4 repair. RESULTS: There were no deaths. Complications occurred in 2 @entity0 (4%). Follow-up was complete in 48 @entity0 (98%) and ranged from 1 to 81 months (median, 29 months). Functional results were classified as excellent in 33 @entity0 (69%), good in 9 (19%), fair in 5 (10%), and poor in 1 (2%). Thirty-three @entity0 (67%) underwent postoperative surveillance esophagoscopy with biopsy. Nine @entity0 (18%) had total regression of @entity3 and 3 (6%) had a decrease in total length. In the 6 @entity0 with preoperative @entity1 , @entity7 was not found in 4, remained unchanged in 1, and progressed to in situ @entity5 in 1. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic fundoplication is effective in controlling symptoms in the majority of @entity0 with @entity3 . While disappearance of @entity3 may occur in some @entity0 , the possibility of developing @entity5 is not eliminated by laparoscopic fundoplication. Therefore, endoscopic surveillance should continue.

title: XXXX : the role of laparoscopic fundoplication.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effects of the L-type @entity0 channel blocker @entity3 on the spectrum of the spontaneous neural noise (SNN) and the waveform of the gross sound-evoked compound action potential (CAP) were investigated by perilymphatic perfusion in the @entity2 cochlea. Both the SNN and the CAP were reversibly suppressed by @entity3 . The percentage reduction in SNN was dose-dependent in a manner very similar to the results obtained with the measures of CAP threshold changes. The reduction in the peak SNN caused by 10 microM @entity3 was the same as that caused by 500 microM @entity4 , which totally eliminated any neural responses. For 1 microM @entity3 there was an apparent dissociation between the SNN and CAP changes such that the SNN could be markedly suppressed with only very small changes in CAP thresholds. These results imply that spontaneous release of neurotransmitter from the inner hair cell is more sensitive to block of @entity1 channels than evoked release. There was no evidence for any marked shift caused by @entity3 , in the position of the main (900 Hz) spectral peak in the SNN. Comparison of the CAP waveform before and after @entity3 perfusion showed that the CAP waveforms were unchanged despite the change in sensitivity. These data do not support the notion of any significant postsynaptic site of action of @entity3 . The data hence provide further support for an exclusively presynaptic role for L-type @entity0 channels in the regulation of both evoked and spontaneous neurotransmitter release from inner hair cells.

title: Effects of a XXXX channel blocker on spontaneous neural noise and gross action potential waveforms in the @entity2 cochlea.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effects of the L-type @entity0 channel blocker @entity3 on the spectrum of the spontaneous neural noise (SNN) and the waveform of the gross sound-evoked compound action potential (CAP) were investigated by perilymphatic perfusion in the @entity2 cochlea. Both the SNN and the CAP were reversibly suppressed by @entity3 . The percentage reduction in SNN was dose-dependent in a manner very similar to the results obtained with the measures of CAP threshold changes. The reduction in the peak SNN caused by 10 microM @entity3 was the same as that caused by 500 microM @entity4 , which totally eliminated any neural responses. For 1 microM @entity3 there was an apparent dissociation between the SNN and CAP changes such that the SNN could be markedly suppressed with only very small changes in CAP thresholds. These results imply that spontaneous release of neurotransmitter from the inner hair cell is more sensitive to block of @entity1 channels than evoked release. There was no evidence for any marked shift caused by @entity3 , in the position of the main (900 Hz) spectral peak in the SNN. Comparison of the CAP waveform before and after @entity3 perfusion showed that the CAP waveforms were unchanged despite the change in sensitivity. These data do not support the notion of any significant postsynaptic site of action of @entity3 . The data hence provide further support for an exclusively presynaptic role for L-type @entity0 channels in the regulation of both evoked and spontaneous neurotransmitter release from inner hair cells.

title: Effects of a @entity1 channel blocker on spontaneous neural noise and gross action potential waveforms in the XXXX cochlea.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The best way to treat locally recurrent @entity3 has not been established. Our retrospective study refers to 37 consecutive @entity0 , with recurrence in the pelvis, treated by radiotherapy alone. Thirty @entity0 were treated by external beam therapy alone; intracavitary brachytherapy alone was adopted in 3 @entity0 and a combination of both techniques in 4 @entity0 . The total radiation dose exceeded 60 Gy in 62% of cases. A complete clinical response was observed in 54% of @entity0 and a partial response in 32.4%. Overall crude survival was 70.3%, 28.9% and 23.2% at 1, 3 and 5 years respectively. In @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 less than 40 mm in diameter a threefold 3-year survival was achieved (48.6% vs. 14.5%, p less than 0.025). With total doses higher than 60 Gy the 3-year survival resulted to be far better than with lower doses (39.1% vs. 10%, p less than 0.025). A significant advantage was also observed in the "complete responders" group (44% vs. 11.8%), but this difference can be explained by the link between response and the above-mentioned basic prognostic factors. Acute side effects and late complications were moderate and did not correlate with the type of primary treatment. A significant percentage (about 25%) of @entity0 with locally recurrent @entity2 may reach medium-term survival; better results can be achieved in selected groups with favourable prognostic factors and with adequate radiotherapeutic treatment.

title: [Treatment of pelvic recurrences of XXXX by radiotherapy alone].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The objective of this study was to assess long-term clinical outcomes and their correlates in medically managed outpatients with stable @entity4 , healed @entity3 ( @entity3 ), or documented asymptomatic @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Management strategy emphasized maximally tolerated medical therapy and modification of coronary risk factors. Referral to invasive coronary interventions followed stricter criteria than standard published guidelines. Primary study outcomes were all-cause mortality or nonfatal @entity3 . Secondary study outcomes included @entity1 , @entity6 , or coronary revascularization. A total of 693 @entity0 and @entity0 with proved @entity2 (mean age 67 years at entry, 85% @entity0 , 41% with history of @entity3 ) were enrolled. The annual incidence of nonfatal @entity3 , cardiac mortality, and total mortality was 2.2%, 0.8%, and 1.4%, respectively, during an average follow-up of 4.6 years. Coronary revascularization was performed in 24% of subjects; unstable or progressive @entity5 were the most common reasons for revascularization. In @entity0 with documented stable @entity2 , a management strategy based on intensive medical therapy and modification of established coronary risk factors was associated with excellent long-term outcomes. Thus, coronary interventions can be safely delayed until clinical instability ensues, without increased risk of @entity3 or @entity1 . This treatment approach represents a viable alternative to invasive strategies.

title: Long-term outcomes of optimized medical management of outpatients with stable XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of @entity1 among institutionalized elderly. The study population comprised 486 elderly from eight nursing homes, and 199 elderly from five hospital long-term care facilities in the eastern part of Denmark. Approximately half of the subjects exhibited one or more pathologic conditions of the oral mucosa. Denture related traumatic @entity0 were found in 3.9% of the nursing home residents, compared to 8.3% among the elderly in hospital long-term care. The most prevalent finding was @entity2 , which was manifest in about one third of the elderly. The prevalence was strongly influenced by the denture hygiene; 54% of the elderly with poor denture hygiene suffered from @entity2 , as compared to only 7% of those with clean dentures. The prevalence of @entity2 was also related to the usage of dentures at night and to the age of the dentures. The prevalence decreased significantly with increasing age, although the oldest age group did not have better denture hygiene, or more favorable wearing habits. It did not appear that sex, type of residency, degree of urbanization, denture conditions, or the use of anticholinergic drugs influenced the prevalence of @entity2 . The prevalence and severity of the disease can probably be reduced if the denture hygiene is improved and if the elderly only use their dentures during the daytime.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX among institutionalized elderly in Denmark.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The genotoxic and oncogenic potentials of @entity3 were studied in @entity1 . The @entity1 received 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg/kg of @entity3 as dietary admixtures on a 5 days on, 9 days off, regimen for 23 months. In the females of the high-dose group, there was a significant increase in mortality starting at 18 months. Significant increases in the number of @entity1 with focal @entity5 were seen in both sexes at the high-dose level. At the mid- and high-dose levels of both sexes, there was a significantly increased number of @entity1 with myeloid and erythroid @entity2 . There was no evidence of either early onset or increased incidence of any @entity0 type in the treatment groups. Therefore, it is concluded that @entity3 does not have oncogenic potential. Also, at terminal sacrifice, bone marrow cells were harvested from selected animals on the last day of the 5-day dosing cycle and cytogenetic evaluation was performed. No significant @entity4 was seen in any dose group relative to the control group. This observation further substantiates the absence of oncogenic potential due to @entity3 in @entity1 .

title: XXXX : assessment of in vivo clastogenicity and carcinogenicity.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: After completion of the prevalent screening round of the @entity0 screening programme in Limburg, The Netherlands, incidences started rising once again. This increase was contrary to expectations, which had predicted a slightly higher, but stable, incidence after the first screening round. The trends in incidence were studied to find explanations for the observed rise in incidence. SETTING: @entity0 screening programme in mid-Limburg and southern Limburg, the Netherlands. METHODS: The data files of the @entity0 screening programme and the @entity1 registry were linked to evaluate the effect of @entity0 screening. Only the first primary @entity0 was included in the evaluation. RESULTS: The second peak of incidence after the prevalent screening round was 45% higher than the incidences before the start of the screening. Also, the decrease in incidence of large and node positive @entity1 was interrupted. Compared with national detection rates, the number of screen detected @entity1 was lower before 1995 and higher after that year. After 1997, incidence @entity0 , but also of large and node positive @entity1 . The incidence of node positive @entity1 showed large fluctuations, probably due to the introduction of the sentinel node procedure and immunohistochemistry. In 1999, incidence of large @entity1 and node positive @entity1 was 18% and 28%, respectively, lower than before the start of the screening. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in the background incidences and improved detection in the screening programme most likely explain this trend. The improved detection after 1995, and the lower than desirable decrease in large @entity1 , indicate that the screening performance was not optimal before 1996. The incidence of node positive @entity1 cannot be used any more as an indicator of the success of the screening programme because of detection bias.

title: Rising incidence of XXXX after completion of the first prevalent round of the @entity0 screening programme.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: After completion of the prevalent screening round of the @entity0 screening programme in Limburg, The Netherlands, incidences started rising once again. This increase was contrary to expectations, which had predicted a slightly higher, but stable, incidence after the first screening round. The trends in incidence were studied to find explanations for the observed rise in incidence. SETTING: @entity0 screening programme in mid-Limburg and southern Limburg, the Netherlands. METHODS: The data files of the @entity0 screening programme and the @entity1 registry were linked to evaluate the effect of @entity0 screening. Only the first primary @entity0 was included in the evaluation. RESULTS: The second peak of incidence after the prevalent screening round was 45% higher than the incidences before the start of the screening. Also, the decrease in incidence of large and node positive @entity1 was interrupted. Compared with national detection rates, the number of screen detected @entity1 was lower before 1995 and higher after that year. After 1997, incidence @entity0 , but also of large and node positive @entity1 . The incidence of node positive @entity1 showed large fluctuations, probably due to the introduction of the sentinel node procedure and immunohistochemistry. In 1999, incidence of large @entity1 and node positive @entity1 was 18% and 28%, respectively, lower than before the start of the screening. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in the background incidences and improved detection in the screening programme most likely explain this trend. The improved detection after 1995, and the lower than desirable decrease in large @entity1 , indicate that the screening performance was not optimal before 1996. The incidence of node positive @entity1 cannot be used any more as an indicator of the success of the screening programme because of detection bias.

title: Rising incidence of @entity0 after completion of the first prevalent round of the XXXX screening programme.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We have previously shown that photographs assist in detection of change in @entity1 and designed the present randomised population based trial to assess the feasibility of photographs as an aid to management of @entity3 in older @entity0 . SETTING: 1899 @entity0 over fifty, identified from the electoral roll in two regions in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, were invited by mail to participate. METHODS: A total of 973 of 1037 respondents were photographed and randomised into intervention ( @entity0 given their photographs) or control groups (photographs withheld by investigators). At one and two years from the time of photography, all @entity0 were advised to see their primary care practitioner for a skin examination. Those in the intervention group were examined with their photographs and those in the control group without their photographs. RESULTS: The results indicated that the practitioners were more likely to leave suspicious lesions in place for follow up observation (37% v 29%) (p=0.006) and less likely to excise benign non pigmented lesions (20 v 32%). There was little difference in excision rates for benign pigmented lesions (21% v 23%). Lesions excised were more likely to be @entity3 (58% v 42%) from @entity0 who had photographs compared to those without photographs (p=0.005). The use of skin photography resulted in a substantial savings due to the reduced excision of benign lesions. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that it would be feasible to conduct a large scale randomised trial to evaluate the value of photography in early detection of @entity2 and that such a trial could be cost effective due to the reduced excision of benign @entity1 .

title: A randomised trial of skin photography as an aid to screening XXXX in older males.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Some members of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I gene family are encoded outside the MHC. Here we describe a family of @entity1 class I-like genes mapping to the vicinity of the leukocyte receptor complex (LRC) on chromosome 7. This family, which we call Mill (MHC class I-like located near the LRC), has two members designated @entity4 and @entity5 . Both genes are predicted to encode membrane glycoproteins with domain organization essentially similar to that of MHC class I heavy chains. The following features of Mill are noteworthy. (i) The deduced MILL proteins lack most of the residues known to be involved in the docking of peptides in classical MHC class I molecules. (ii) Among the known members of the class I gene family, @entity4 and @entity5 are related most closely to @entity2 / @entity3 encoded in the @entity0 MHC. (iii) Unlike all other known members of the class I gene family, @entity4 and @entity5 have an exon between those coding for the signal peptide and the alpha1 domain. (iv) @entity4 has a more restricted expression profile than @entity5 . (v) The gene orthologous to @entity4 or @entity5 apparently is absent in the @entity0 . (vi) @entity4 and @entity5 show a limited degree of polymorphism in laboratory @entity1 . The observation that the Mill family is related most closely to the MIC family, together with its apparent absence in the @entity0 , suggests its involvement in innate immunity.

title: A family of MHC class I-like genes located in the vicinity of the XXXX leukocyte receptor complex.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Main pancreatic duct (MPD)-narrowed @entity7 ( @entity7 ) may be an @entity5 . It also has been called autoimmune @entity4 and sclerosing @entity4 . It is unclear whether cases with focal pancreatographic changes are part of the same clinical entity as cases with diffuse MPD changes. AIM AND METHODOLOGY: We reviewed seven cases of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) with focal narrowing of the main pancreatic duct (MPD), evidenced by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and swelling of one or two segments of the @entity4 , evidenced by ultrasonography (US) /computed tomography (CT), and indicated the clinicopathologic features of focal-type MPD-narrowed @entity7 . RESULTS: The @entity0 group comprised six @entity0 and one @entity0 , and their age range was 28-75 years, with a mean of 63.7 years. Affected sites were in the head in two @entity0 , the body in one @entity0 , the tail in one @entity0 , and the body and tail in three @entity0 ; ERP showed narrowing in six @entity0 and obstruction in one. Stricture of the lower portion of the common bile duct (CBD) that caused obstructive @entity6 was shown by ERC in two cases in which the @entity4 head was affected. In all six @entity0 , a dynamic study by CT or MRI homogeneously showed delayed enhancement of involved segments of the @entity4 . Serum levels of pancreatic enzyme were elevated in five @entity0 , but only one subject had @entity4 -like @entity2 . Serological evidence suggestive of @entity5 was detected in only three @entity0 with @entity8 (> or =2.0 g/dL) or positive titers of antinuclear antibody (ANA; > or =80). Histological assessment was available for five @entity0 , who characteristically had dense lymphocytic or plasmocytic infiltration with severe @entity1 that caused luminal narrowing. The clinical, serologic, and histologic findings as described above were comparable to those for 12 @entity7 @entity0 with diffuse narrowing of the MPD, diagnosed during the same period. Surgical resection was performed in 5 @entity0 , in 2 of whom a similar inflammatory process recurred in the remnant head of the @entity4 , whereas @entity4 no longer developed in the other 3 @entity0 . One @entity0 was initially treated with @entity3 , with clinical remission, although there was neither @entity8 nor positive ANA. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that @entity7 with focal narrowing of the @entity9 is part of the same clinical spectrum as @entity7 with diffuse narrowing of the MPD, and whether the distribution is diffuse or focal seems to be related to the stage or the extent of the disease. It is therefore important to recognize the possible existence of this focal variant to avoid unnecessary surgery.

title: Clinical study of XXXX with focal irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct and mass formation: comparison with @entity7 showing diffuse irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct.

answer: @entity7


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Main pancreatic duct (MPD)-narrowed @entity7 ( @entity7 ) may be an @entity5 . It also has been called autoimmune @entity4 and sclerosing @entity4 . It is unclear whether cases with focal pancreatographic changes are part of the same clinical entity as cases with diffuse MPD changes. AIM AND METHODOLOGY: We reviewed seven cases of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) with focal narrowing of the main pancreatic duct (MPD), evidenced by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), and swelling of one or two segments of the @entity4 , evidenced by ultrasonography (US) /computed tomography (CT), and indicated the clinicopathologic features of focal-type MPD-narrowed @entity7 . RESULTS: The @entity0 group comprised six @entity0 and one @entity0 , and their age range was 28-75 years, with a mean of 63.7 years. Affected sites were in the head in two @entity0 , the body in one @entity0 , the tail in one @entity0 , and the body and tail in three @entity0 ; ERP showed narrowing in six @entity0 and obstruction in one. Stricture of the lower portion of the common bile duct (CBD) that caused obstructive @entity6 was shown by ERC in two cases in which the @entity4 head was affected. In all six @entity0 , a dynamic study by CT or MRI homogeneously showed delayed enhancement of involved segments of the @entity4 . Serum levels of pancreatic enzyme were elevated in five @entity0 , but only one subject had @entity4 -like @entity2 . Serological evidence suggestive of @entity5 was detected in only three @entity0 with @entity8 (> or =2.0 g/dL) or positive titers of antinuclear antibody (ANA; > or =80). Histological assessment was available for five @entity0 , who characteristically had dense lymphocytic or plasmocytic infiltration with severe @entity1 that caused luminal narrowing. The clinical, serologic, and histologic findings as described above were comparable to those for 12 @entity7 @entity0 with diffuse narrowing of the MPD, diagnosed during the same period. Surgical resection was performed in 5 @entity0 , in 2 of whom a similar inflammatory process recurred in the remnant head of the @entity4 , whereas @entity4 no longer developed in the other 3 @entity0 . One @entity0 was initially treated with @entity3 , with clinical remission, although there was neither @entity8 nor positive ANA. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that @entity7 with focal narrowing of the @entity9 is part of the same clinical spectrum as @entity7 with diffuse narrowing of the MPD, and whether the distribution is diffuse or focal seems to be related to the stage or the extent of the disease. It is therefore important to recognize the possible existence of this focal variant to avoid unnecessary surgery.

title: Clinical study of @entity7 with focal irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct and mass formation: comparison with XXXX showing diffuse irregular narrowing of the main pancreatic duct.

answer: @entity7


abstract: A rare case of primary @entity3 (less than 250 cases described in the literature) in a 36 year-old female @entity0 presenting signs and symptoms of an @entity4 is reported. @entity2 of the vermiform appendix is a rare @entity1 of the gastrointestinal tract with an incidence of about 0,01-0,2%. Usually the diagnosis of @entity3 is difficult because symptoms and signs are not pathognomonic. In the case described, the diagnosis was intra and postoperative and confirmed by the pathological examination of the surgical specimens. At laparotomy, performed under suspicion of an @entity4 , disseminated disease was discovered, characterized by the involvement of the two ovaries, the left colon, the cecum, the vermiform appendix, with a peritoneal carcinosis and a hydroureteronephrosis. According to the dissemination of the disease, the surgical treatment was right hemicolectomy, anterior resection of left colon, bilateral oophorectomy and omentectomy. The post-operative course was regular. Adjuvant therapy was performed for 6 cycles, with @entity5 and @entity6 . The @entity0 is still alive after 6 months and there is no sign of progression of the disease. A mild left hydroureteronephrosis is persistent.

title: [Primary XXXX . Case report and review of the literature].

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity6 , a @entity1 suppressor gene, has been found to be inactivated by structural abnormalities or epigenetic changes in several types of @entity0 @entity1 . Recently, several studies have also suggested the possibility that the @entity6 gene is a target of genomic instability in @entity0 @entity1 displaying @entity2 ( @entity2 ). To investigate the role of @entity6 in @entity0 @entity5 , we screened the entire coding region sequences and examined the expression of the @entity6 gene in 81 @entity1 displaying @entity1 displaying @entity2 . Mutation of the @entity6 gene was identified in one @entity1 (1/81; 1.2%) and three @entity1 (3/5; 60%). The @entity1 harbored a missense mutation from Ala (GCA) to @entity8 (GTA) at codon 137. Of the @entity1 containing the @entity6 mutation, case 36 had a missense mutation from Lys (AAA) to @entity3 (GAA) at codon 254, case 43 contained a frameshift mutation (one A deletion) in a 6 bp poly(A) tract affecting codon 265-267, and case 64 harbored two missense mutations from @entity8 (GTG) to Ala (GCG) at codon 222, and from @entity9 ( @entity10 ) to @entity4 (AGA) at codon 230 indicating biallelic mutation of @entity6 . Genomic deletion of exon 5, resulting in loss of @entity6 mRNA, was observed in two @entity1 . In spite of an intact @entity6 gene, one @entity7 and one @entity1 lacked @entity6 mRNA. These findings suggest that the inactivation of @entity6 by either mutation or loss of transcript plays a role in the pathogenesis of some @entity1 (8/86; 9.3%). Furthermore, inactivation of @entity6 was far more frequent in @entity1 (4/5; 80%) than in @entity1 (4/81; 4.9%).

title: Inactivation of the @entity6 gene by mutation, exonic deletion, and loss of transcript in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity6 , a @entity1 suppressor gene, has been found to be inactivated by structural abnormalities or epigenetic changes in several types of @entity0 @entity1 . Recently, several studies have also suggested the possibility that the @entity6 gene is a target of genomic instability in @entity0 @entity1 displaying @entity2 ( @entity2 ). To investigate the role of @entity6 in @entity0 @entity5 , we screened the entire coding region sequences and examined the expression of the @entity6 gene in 81 @entity1 displaying @entity1 displaying @entity2 . Mutation of the @entity6 gene was identified in one @entity1 (1/81; 1.2%) and three @entity1 (3/5; 60%). The @entity1 harbored a missense mutation from Ala (GCA) to @entity8 (GTA) at codon 137. Of the @entity1 containing the @entity6 mutation, case 36 had a missense mutation from Lys (AAA) to @entity3 (GAA) at codon 254, case 43 contained a frameshift mutation (one A deletion) in a 6 bp poly(A) tract affecting codon 265-267, and case 64 harbored two missense mutations from @entity8 (GTG) to Ala (GCG) at codon 222, and from @entity9 ( @entity10 ) to @entity4 (AGA) at codon 230 indicating biallelic mutation of @entity6 . Genomic deletion of exon 5, resulting in loss of @entity6 mRNA, was observed in two @entity1 . In spite of an intact @entity6 gene, one @entity7 and one @entity1 lacked @entity6 mRNA. These findings suggest that the inactivation of @entity6 by either mutation or loss of transcript plays a role in the pathogenesis of some @entity1 (8/86; 9.3%). Furthermore, inactivation of @entity6 was far more frequent in @entity1 (4/5; 80%) than in @entity1 (4/81; 4.9%).

title: Inactivation of the XXXX gene by mutation, exonic deletion, and loss of transcript in @entity0 @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 , a @entity1 suppressor gene, has been found to be inactivated by structural abnormalities or epigenetic changes in several types of @entity0 @entity1 . Recently, several studies have also suggested the possibility that the @entity6 gene is a target of genomic instability in @entity0 @entity1 displaying @entity2 ( @entity2 ). To investigate the role of @entity6 in @entity0 @entity5 , we screened the entire coding region sequences and examined the expression of the @entity6 gene in 81 @entity1 displaying @entity1 displaying @entity2 . Mutation of the @entity6 gene was identified in one @entity1 (1/81; 1.2%) and three @entity1 (3/5; 60%). The @entity1 harbored a missense mutation from Ala (GCA) to @entity8 (GTA) at codon 137. Of the @entity1 containing the @entity6 mutation, case 36 had a missense mutation from Lys (AAA) to @entity3 (GAA) at codon 254, case 43 contained a frameshift mutation (one A deletion) in a 6 bp poly(A) tract affecting codon 265-267, and case 64 harbored two missense mutations from @entity8 (GTG) to Ala (GCG) at codon 222, and from @entity9 ( @entity10 ) to @entity4 (AGA) at codon 230 indicating biallelic mutation of @entity6 . Genomic deletion of exon 5, resulting in loss of @entity6 mRNA, was observed in two @entity1 . In spite of an intact @entity6 gene, one @entity7 and one @entity1 lacked @entity6 mRNA. These findings suggest that the inactivation of @entity6 by either mutation or loss of transcript plays a role in the pathogenesis of some @entity1 (8/86; 9.3%). Furthermore, inactivation of @entity6 was far more frequent in @entity1 (4/5; 80%) than in @entity1 (4/81; 4.9%).

title: Inactivation of the @entity6 gene by mutation, exonic deletion, and loss of transcript in XXXX @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: This is a comprehensive retrospective study (1965-1984) of 130 @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 were studied by comparison of presenting symptoms, histopathologies, treatments, disease-free intervals, and ultimate intervals. @entity2 was noted on presentation in 23% of the cases and regional neck node metastases were noted in 13%. Both findings correlated with prognosis. Seventy @entity0 underwent surgery alone and 30 @entity0 received combined therapy. The remaining @entity0 were excluded from the study. The overall 5-year survival rate was 50%, with a 44% risk of recurrence. Fifty-six percent of the @entity0 whose conditions subsequently recurred had their facial nerves sacrificed at time of surgery. Selected @entity0 who received combined therapy experienced better local regional control and a prolonged disease-free interval as compared with those who underwent surgery alone. Combined therapy, however, provided no survival benefit for this group of @entity0 . Adjuvant radiation therapy is recommended in the treatment planning of selected @entity1 of the parotid gland.

title: XXXX : a retrospective study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare rates of progression in the very mildest stages of @entity1 , including the stage currently identified as @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and to identify predictors of those rates. METHODS: Demented (n = 289) and nondemented (n = 230) individuals enrolled in longitudinal studies at an @entity1 Research Center received annual clinical and psychometric examinations for up to 20 years. In order of increasing @entity3 severity, demented individuals were diagnosed with incipient, very mild, or mild @entity3 ; the incipient stage is equivalent to @entity0 . Outcome measures included @entity2 , nursing home placement, and psychometric scores. RESULTS: Rate of progression increased with @entity3 severity as staged by the Clinical @entity3 Rating at entry into the study. With respect to the dichotomous outcomes, the increase with @entity3 severity was more dramatic for the endpoint of nursing home entry than it was for the endpoint of @entity2 . Increased rates of @entity0 with increased @entity3 severity were also obtained for psychometric scores. There was limited evidence of other predictors of progression. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of effective predictors of the rate of @entity3 progression extends to the very earliest stages of the disease, including what is often called @entity0 . A new approach to the identification of correlates of rates of progression is needed.

title: Rates of progression in @entity0 and early XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare rates of progression in the very mildest stages of @entity1 , including the stage currently identified as @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and to identify predictors of those rates. METHODS: Demented (n = 289) and nondemented (n = 230) individuals enrolled in longitudinal studies at an @entity1 Research Center received annual clinical and psychometric examinations for up to 20 years. In order of increasing @entity3 severity, demented individuals were diagnosed with incipient, very mild, or mild @entity3 ; the incipient stage is equivalent to @entity0 . Outcome measures included @entity2 , nursing home placement, and psychometric scores. RESULTS: Rate of progression increased with @entity3 severity as staged by the Clinical @entity3 Rating at entry into the study. With respect to the dichotomous outcomes, the increase with @entity3 severity was more dramatic for the endpoint of nursing home entry than it was for the endpoint of @entity2 . Increased rates of @entity0 with increased @entity3 severity were also obtained for psychometric scores. There was limited evidence of other predictors of progression. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of effective predictors of the rate of @entity3 progression extends to the very earliest stages of the disease, including what is often called @entity0 . A new approach to the identification of correlates of rates of progression is needed.

title: Rates of progression in XXXX and early @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has been reported to enhance exocrine secretion evoked by intrinsic neuronal excitation in the pancreas. AIM: To see the effect of @entity2 on the action of @entity3 ( @entity3 )ergic neurons in exocrine secretion of the pancreas. METHODOLOGY: Pancreatic neurons were excited by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the isolated, perfused @entity0 pancreas. @entity3 in the pancreatic circulation was neutralized by an anti- @entity3 antiserum to block GRPergic neuronal action on pancreatic exocrine secretion. RESULTS: @entity2 (3, 10, 30 microM), given intra-arterially, elevated the EFS-evoked pancreatic secretions of fluid and amylase dose-dependently. An anti- @entity3 antiserum (10 microL/mL: titer of 1:66,000) reduced the @entity2 (10 microM)-enhanced EFS-evoked pancreatic secretions. Synthetic porcine @entity3 -27 (30, 100, 300 p ) increased the pancreatic secretions dose-dependently, and these were further elevated by @entity2 (10 microM). The anti- @entity3 antiserum also reduced the @entity2 -enhanced @entity3 (100 p )-induced pancreatic secretions. @entity1 (10 microM) reduced the enhancing effect of @entity2 on pancreatic secretions evoked by EFS as well as @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity2 enhances pancreatic secretions evoked by EFS as well as @entity3 , which is reduced by the anti- @entity3 antiserum. The enhancing effects of @entity2 on the EFS- and @entity3 -induced pancreatic secretions are diminished by @entity1 . The results indicate that @entity2 enhances intrinsic GRPergic neuronal action on exocrine secretion via the @entity2 (A) receptors in the @entity0 pancreas.

title: Effects of XXXX on action of gastrin-releasing peptidergic neurons in exocrine secretion of isolated, perfused @entity0 pancreas.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has been reported to enhance exocrine secretion evoked by intrinsic neuronal excitation in the pancreas. AIM: To see the effect of @entity2 on the action of @entity3 ( @entity3 )ergic neurons in exocrine secretion of the pancreas. METHODOLOGY: Pancreatic neurons were excited by electrical field stimulation (EFS) in the isolated, perfused @entity0 pancreas. @entity3 in the pancreatic circulation was neutralized by an anti- @entity3 antiserum to block GRPergic neuronal action on pancreatic exocrine secretion. RESULTS: @entity2 (3, 10, 30 microM), given intra-arterially, elevated the EFS-evoked pancreatic secretions of fluid and amylase dose-dependently. An anti- @entity3 antiserum (10 microL/mL: titer of 1:66,000) reduced the @entity2 (10 microM)-enhanced EFS-evoked pancreatic secretions. Synthetic porcine @entity3 -27 (30, 100, 300 p ) increased the pancreatic secretions dose-dependently, and these were further elevated by @entity2 (10 microM). The anti- @entity3 antiserum also reduced the @entity2 -enhanced @entity3 (100 p )-induced pancreatic secretions. @entity1 (10 microM) reduced the enhancing effect of @entity2 on pancreatic secretions evoked by EFS as well as @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity2 enhances pancreatic secretions evoked by EFS as well as @entity3 , which is reduced by the anti- @entity3 antiserum. The enhancing effects of @entity2 on the EFS- and @entity3 -induced pancreatic secretions are diminished by @entity1 . The results indicate that @entity2 enhances intrinsic GRPergic neuronal action on exocrine secretion via the @entity2 (A) receptors in the @entity0 pancreas.

title: Effects of @entity2 on action of gastrin-releasing peptidergic neurons in exocrine secretion of isolated, perfused XXXX pancreas.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are generally limited to exercise activities using the relatively smaller, less productive upper extremities with limited benefits as compared with leg exercise training. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) assisted ambulation has previously been demonstrated to allow @entity0 with @entity2 to stand and ambulate limited distances. PURPOSE: This study compared the peak physiological responses of @entity0 with @entity2 during FES ambulation and voluntary arm exercise. METHODS: Fifteen subjects ( @entity5 ) previously habituated to FES ambulation, completed peak testing of both arm cranking (AC) and FES walking to the point of exhaustion. The AC tests were performed using a graded incremental protocol to exhaustion in 3-min stages and 10-W power output increments. The FES walking test consisted of successive 10-m walking bouts, each trial progressively increased in pace. Metabolic activity was continuously monitored via open-circuit spirometry with heart rate (HR) determined by a 12-lead electrocardiograph for AC and by direct palpation during FES. RESULTS: Peak VO(2) did not differ between AC (22.9 +/- 3.8 mL x kg x @entity3 )) and FES (22.7 +/- 3.9 mL x kg x @entity3 )). FES ambulation elicited significantly greater peak values of HR (191 beats x @entity3 ) versus 179 beats x @entity3 )) and lower peak values of respiratory exchange ratio (1.06 vs 1.12) compared with AC. There were no significant differences in peak values of any other variables. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that FES ambulation performance, in @entity0 with @entity2 , elicits similar exercise capacity, as indicated by similar peak @entity1 consumption, as voluntary arm exercise.

title: Peak exercise capacity of electrically induced ambulation in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are generally limited to exercise activities using the relatively smaller, less productive upper extremities with limited benefits as compared with leg exercise training. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) assisted ambulation has previously been demonstrated to allow @entity0 with @entity2 to stand and ambulate limited distances. PURPOSE: This study compared the peak physiological responses of @entity0 with @entity2 during FES ambulation and voluntary arm exercise. METHODS: Fifteen subjects ( @entity5 ) previously habituated to FES ambulation, completed peak testing of both arm cranking (AC) and FES walking to the point of exhaustion. The AC tests were performed using a graded incremental protocol to exhaustion in 3-min stages and 10-W power output increments. The FES walking test consisted of successive 10-m walking bouts, each trial progressively increased in pace. Metabolic activity was continuously monitored via open-circuit spirometry with heart rate (HR) determined by a 12-lead electrocardiograph for AC and by direct palpation during FES. RESULTS: Peak VO(2) did not differ between AC (22.9 +/- 3.8 mL x kg x @entity3 )) and FES (22.7 +/- 3.9 mL x kg x @entity3 )). FES ambulation elicited significantly greater peak values of HR (191 beats x @entity3 ) versus 179 beats x @entity3 )) and lower peak values of respiratory exchange ratio (1.06 vs 1.12) compared with AC. There were no significant differences in peak values of any other variables. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that FES ambulation performance, in @entity0 with @entity2 , elicits similar exercise capacity, as indicated by similar peak @entity1 consumption, as voluntary arm exercise.

title: Peak exercise capacity of electrically induced ambulation in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 is the leading cause of @entity2 from @entity1 in most developed nations. The most common type of @entity0 is of non-small cell histology, representing approximately 80% of the total. Despite aggressive treatments in early stages and improvement of polychemotherapy outcomes in @entity5 , the five years survival rate for @entity0 remains under 15%. Fortunately, our improved knowledge of @entity1 biology and mechanisms of oncogenesis suggests several new potential targets for clinical research in @entity1 therapy. A substantial body of evidence indicates that @entity7 and @entity8 (PGs) play an important role in tumorigenesis. Mechanisms involved in @entity7 participation in tumorigenesis and @entity1 growth include xenobiotic metabolism, angiogenesis stimulation, inhibition of immune surveillance and inhibition of apoptosis. @entity7 is frequently overexpressed in bronchial premalignancy, @entity6 and @entity3 and @entity7 overexpression is a marker of poor prognosis in surgically resected stage I @entity4 . Treatment with @entity7 inhibitors reduces the growth of NSCLC cells in vitro and in xenograft studies. Recent studies have defined some of the mechanisms involved in @entity7 participation in NSCLC development and diffusion. These evidences support the hypothesis that selective @entity7 inhibitors (coxibs) may prove beneficial in the prevention and treatment of NSCLC.

title: Selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Transient @entity5 is more frequently silent than accompanied by @entity6 . The frequency of @entity1 varies markedly from day to day, so that in order to accurately define the total @entity1 burden, it may be necessary to quantitate @entity1 episodes for periods longer than 24 hours. Therefore, a programmable, digital device was developed for long-term, interactive, ambulatory monitoring of the electrocardiogram, which uses variations in a time-averaged ST level as an indicator of @entity5 . The electrocardiographic signal is digitized at 256 Hz and analyzed by an algorithm. If @entity2 is planar or downsloping and persists for more than 40 seconds, and if the @entity2 is equal to or more than a user-programmed threshold, the device marks the onset of an @entity1 event and times it. The algorithm has been validated by comparison of its analysis of the ST segment to @entity0 and computerized analyses of frequency-modulated Holter recordings and stress tests. To assess the feasibility and utility of long-term monitoring, @entity0 with documented @entity3 were monitored continuously for 14-day periods. Of 26 @entity0 enrolled, 8 completed a protocol for individualization of anti- @entity1 therapy using transdermal @entity7 . Over 90% of @entity1 episodes in this group of @entity0 , all of whom had had a previous @entity4 , were silent. Treatment with 10 mg of transdermal @entity7 reduced the number of @entity1 episodes by 59% and the duration of @entity1 by 60% (p less than 0.001); there was no diminution in the effectiveness of treatment from week 1 to week 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Quantitation of transient XXXX by digital, ambulatory electrocardiography.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In certain forms of @entity1 , @entity7 arteriosus is critical for survival. Since the administration of @entity8 is associated with adverse side effects, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of @entity4 and @entity6 on ductal blood flow during @entity0 -induced ductal closure. Fifteen near-term fetal @entity3 were instrumented acutely. Ductal blood flow and pre- and post-ductal pressures were monitored continuously. After obtaining control data, intravenous bolus injections of @entity4 (250 micrograms), @entity6 (250 micrograms), or @entity10 (5 micrograms) were administered during ventilation with either 100% @entity5 or 100% @entity0 . All three agents significantly increased ductal blood flow during @entity5 ventilation ( @entity9 = 15 +/- 1 mm Hg). When the @entity3 were ventilated with 100% @entity0 , the arterial @entity9 increased to 107 +/- 14 mm Hg, and this was associated with a marked @entity2 from 275 +/- 44 to 83 +/- 11 ml/min (P less than 0.05). When @entity4 was administered during @entity0 -stimulated ductal closure, ductal blood flow increased 184%, from 79 +/- 18 to 225 +/- 18 ml/min (P less than 0.05); @entity6 increased ductal blood flow 126%, from 86 +/- 20 to 195 +/- 25 ml/min (P less than 0.05); @entity10 increased ductal blood flow 110%, from 84 +/- 18 to 178 +/- 17 ml/min (P less than 0.05). These data demonstrate that both @entity4 and @entity6 are potent vasodilators of the ductus arteriosus and, like @entity10 , can markedly attenuate the @entity0 -induced ductal vasoconstriction. These results imply that @entity4 and @entity6 may be useful clinically in maintaining ductal patency.

title: Response of lamb ductus arteriosus to @entity4 and XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: In certain forms of @entity1 , @entity7 arteriosus is critical for survival. Since the administration of @entity8 is associated with adverse side effects, this study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of @entity4 and @entity6 on ductal blood flow during @entity0 -induced ductal closure. Fifteen near-term fetal @entity3 were instrumented acutely. Ductal blood flow and pre- and post-ductal pressures were monitored continuously. After obtaining control data, intravenous bolus injections of @entity4 (250 micrograms), @entity6 (250 micrograms), or @entity10 (5 micrograms) were administered during ventilation with either 100% @entity5 or 100% @entity0 . All three agents significantly increased ductal blood flow during @entity5 ventilation ( @entity9 = 15 +/- 1 mm Hg). When the @entity3 were ventilated with 100% @entity0 , the arterial @entity9 increased to 107 +/- 14 mm Hg, and this was associated with a marked @entity2 from 275 +/- 44 to 83 +/- 11 ml/min (P less than 0.05). When @entity4 was administered during @entity0 -stimulated ductal closure, ductal blood flow increased 184%, from 79 +/- 18 to 225 +/- 18 ml/min (P less than 0.05); @entity6 increased ductal blood flow 126%, from 86 +/- 20 to 195 +/- 25 ml/min (P less than 0.05); @entity10 increased ductal blood flow 110%, from 84 +/- 18 to 178 +/- 17 ml/min (P less than 0.05). These data demonstrate that both @entity4 and @entity6 are potent vasodilators of the ductus arteriosus and, like @entity10 , can markedly attenuate the @entity0 -induced ductal vasoconstriction. These results imply that @entity4 and @entity6 may be useful clinically in maintaining ductal patency.

title: Response of lamb ductus arteriosus to XXXX and @entity6 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The influence of different vasoactive substances on the evolution of @entity7 -induced @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was evaluated in the @entity1 . @entity7 alone caused a progressive fall in both glomerular filtration (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF) during the first 3 h of the @entity2 administration (delta after 3 h: -44% and -39%) and provoked a concomitant stimulation of the renin-angiotensin (RAS) and @entity5 systems. The administration of the @entity5 inhibitor @entity10 (2 mg/kg i.v. every 2 h) adequately inhibited the activation of the @entity5 system after @entity7 , but could not prevent the fall in GFR and RBF. The continuous intrarenal administration of the @entity0 entry blocker @entity4 (0.005 mg/kg per min) into the left kidney resulted in the prevention of the postmercurial fall in GFR and RBF at the perfusion site. This beneficial effect was immediately lost when the @entity4 administration was stopped. Finally, the administration of the converting enzyme inhibitor @entity9 (300 micrograms/kg every 2 h) resulted in an effective inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system, the prevention of the postmercurial fall in RBF, and the partial attenuation of the fall in GFR. This beneficial effect was immediately lost after the intravenous administration of @entity8 (2 mg/kg). These results indicate that the fall in GFR after @entity7 can be prevented by vasoactive agents such as @entity9 and @entity4 and point at least in part to a pathophysiological role of the renin-angiotensin system or of an alteration in the equilibrium between renin-angiotensin and @entity6 . The @entity5 system is seemingly of no major importance.

title: Influence of vasoactive substances on early toxic XXXX in the @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The influence of different vasoactive substances on the evolution of @entity7 -induced @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was evaluated in the @entity1 . @entity7 alone caused a progressive fall in both glomerular filtration (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF) during the first 3 h of the @entity2 administration (delta after 3 h: -44% and -39%) and provoked a concomitant stimulation of the renin-angiotensin (RAS) and @entity5 systems. The administration of the @entity5 inhibitor @entity10 (2 mg/kg i.v. every 2 h) adequately inhibited the activation of the @entity5 system after @entity7 , but could not prevent the fall in GFR and RBF. The continuous intrarenal administration of the @entity0 entry blocker @entity4 (0.005 mg/kg per min) into the left kidney resulted in the prevention of the postmercurial fall in GFR and RBF at the perfusion site. This beneficial effect was immediately lost when the @entity4 administration was stopped. Finally, the administration of the converting enzyme inhibitor @entity9 (300 micrograms/kg every 2 h) resulted in an effective inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system, the prevention of the postmercurial fall in RBF, and the partial attenuation of the fall in GFR. This beneficial effect was immediately lost after the intravenous administration of @entity8 (2 mg/kg). These results indicate that the fall in GFR after @entity7 can be prevented by vasoactive agents such as @entity9 and @entity4 and point at least in part to a pathophysiological role of the renin-angiotensin system or of an alteration in the equilibrium between renin-angiotensin and @entity6 . The @entity5 system is seemingly of no major importance.

title: Influence of vasoactive substances on early toxic @entity3 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity and item unidimensionality of the Rivermead Mobility Index (RMI) by using Rasch analysis. DESIGN: Application of Rasch analysis on the RMI partial data set. SETTING: A @entity1 program at a rehabilitation hospital in Italy. @entity0 : A total of 308 consecutive @entity0 (155 @entity0 , 153 @entity0 ; avg age, 62.79+/-11.94 y) hospitalized between 1990 and 1996. Average interval between @entity1 onset and admission was 52.48+/-36.22 days. INTERVENTION: Medical inpatient rehabilitation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: @entity0 ' mobility status was assessed using the RMI administered at admission and discharge. Ratings were assigned by 4 staff members working as a team. We performed separate Rasch analyses on the RMI data, gathered from different groups of first @entity1 inpatients examined before and after rehabilitation treatment. RESULTS: asch analysis showed the overall good validity of the RMI, except for item 15, which did not fit the unidimensional continuum estimated through the Rasch rating model. CONCLUSION: The RMI is a unidimensional scale with a hierarchy of easy-to-hard test questions. Item difficulty level was stable when processed on different groups of @entity0 assessed on different occasions.

title: Rasch analysis of the Rivermead Mobility Index: a study using mobility measures of first- XXXX inpatients.

answer: @entity1


abstract: CASE REPORT: A case of a 49-year-old male with preexisting @entity3 is reported. The @entity0 was admitted to hospital with severe electrolyte disorder and face @entity1 after therapy first with 4 mg for 2 months and later for 5 months with 8 mg @entity10 . The initial electrolyte values were: @entity7 110 mmol/l, @entity5 3.3 mmol/l, @entity4 2.0 mmol/l, @entity9 81 mmol/l. An already known @entity6 worsened substantially to values up to 28.5 mmol/l. Under substitution therapy with @entity8 infusion and @entity5 , the electrolyte level normalized rapidly. The @entity6 improved over several weeks after stopping the drug, and the general condition of the @entity0 improved clearly. CONCLUSION: @entity10 has been certified in Germany since July 2000. Although a @entity2 with @entity10 has been denied, the administration of this drug in @entity0 with @entity3 is contraindicated. Especially when prescribing new drugs one has to pay special attention to contraindications and comedication since often not all therapeutic mechanisms and side effects are fully known/understood. Interaction between different drugs and their influences on existing diseases are only noticed after a widespread application of the drug.

title: [Severe electrolyte imbalance and @entity1 in therapy with XXXX ].

answer: @entity10


abstract: CASE REPORT: A case of a 49-year-old male with preexisting @entity3 is reported. The @entity0 was admitted to hospital with severe electrolyte disorder and face @entity1 after therapy first with 4 mg for 2 months and later for 5 months with 8 mg @entity10 . The initial electrolyte values were: @entity7 110 mmol/l, @entity5 3.3 mmol/l, @entity4 2.0 mmol/l, @entity9 81 mmol/l. An already known @entity6 worsened substantially to values up to 28.5 mmol/l. Under substitution therapy with @entity8 infusion and @entity5 , the electrolyte level normalized rapidly. The @entity6 improved over several weeks after stopping the drug, and the general condition of the @entity0 improved clearly. CONCLUSION: @entity10 has been certified in Germany since July 2000. Although a @entity2 with @entity10 has been denied, the administration of this drug in @entity0 with @entity3 is contraindicated. Especially when prescribing new drugs one has to pay special attention to contraindications and comedication since often not all therapeutic mechanisms and side effects are fully known/understood. Interaction between different drugs and their influences on existing diseases are only noticed after a widespread application of the drug.

title: [Severe electrolyte imbalance and XXXX in therapy with @entity10 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The goal of this study was to determine whether endothelium-dependent responses are impaired in the cerebral microcirculation of @entity1 -prone spontaneously @entity2 @entity0 (SHRSP). We measured diameters of cerebral arterioles using intravital microscopy in normotensive @entity0 (WKY) and SHRSP (6-8 mo old). Cerebral vasodilator responses to superfusion with @entity4 , which is an endothelium-independent agonist, were similar in WKY and SHRSP. In contrast, cerebral vasodilator responses to superfusion with endothelium-dependent agonists were profoundly impaired in SHRSP. @entity5 (10(-4) M) increased pial arteriolar diameter 23 +/- 2% (means +/- SE) in WKY and did not change arteriolar diameter in SHRSP (-2 +/- 3%, P less than 0.05 vs. WKY). @entity3 (10(-5) M) increased pial arteriolar diameter 23 +/- 1% in WKY and, in contrast, reduced diameter 11 +/- 1% in SHRSP (P less than 0.05 vs. WKY). @entity6 and @entity5 produce vasodilatation by activation of @entity8 ( @entity8 ). @entity6 was used to determine whether impaired responses of cerebral arterioles in SHRSP were related to altered @entity8 activity. We found similar dilatation of cerebral arterioles in WKY and SHRSP in response to @entity6 . Thus impaired endothelium-dependent dilatation in SHRSP is not related to alteration of @entity8 activity. We speculate that impairment of cerebral vasodilator responses to endothelium-dependent agonists, including vasoactive substances released by platelets, may predispose SHRSP to @entity7 .

title: Impairment of endothelium-dependent responses of cerebral arterioles in chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The occurrence of post-translationally methylated @entity1 residues in beta AP from @entity2 , @entity4 and Porphyridium cruentum has recently been reported (Klotz, A.V., Leary, J.A. _ Glazer, A.N. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 15891-15894). We reinvestigated the @entity0 compositions of all phycobiliproteins from Mastigocladus laminosus. During total hydrolysis of beta AP, beta 16.2 and beta PC one mol @entity3 per mol protein was released. These proteins were chemically and enzymatically fragmented and the sequences of the fragments containing the modified @entity1 residue were determined by automated Edman degradation. Residues beta AP72, beta 16.2 72 and beta PC 72 were identified as @entity5 . This derivative of @entity1 was also found at a homologous position in beta PE of Calothrix. In the x-ray structure model of C-phycocyanin (PC) the residue beta PC 72 points towards the chromophore beta 84, presumably having an effect on the spectroscopic characteristics of this light harvesting pigment protein complex.

title: Isolation and localization of XXXX in phycobiliproteins from the cyanobacterium Mastigocladus laminosus.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The ileal absorptive cells of suckling @entity0 exhibit high levels of endocytic activity being engaged in nonselective uptake of macromolecules from the intestinal lumen. The apical cytoplasm usually contains an extensive network of small, membrane-limited tubules (apical tubules: @entity1 ), in addition to newly formed endocytic vesicles and large endocytic vacuoles. To determine whether the @entity1 are directly involved in the endocytic process by carrying the tracer into the cell, we have analysed movements of the apical cell membrane of the ileal absorptive cells by using a membrane-bound tracer (horseradish peroxidase-labelled concanavalin-A: Con-A HRP). The ileal absorptive cells were exposed in vitro to Con-A HRP for 10 min at 4 degrees C, incubated for different times in Con-A free medium at 37 degrees C, and prepared for electron microscopy. After 1 min incubation at 37 degrees C, invaginations of the apical cell membrane, including coated pits, and endocytic vesicles were labelled with HRP-reaction product, whereas the @entity1 and large endocytic vacuoles were negative. After 2.5 min, almost all the large endocytic vacuoles were labelled with reaction product, which was seen in their vacuolar lumen and along the luminal surface of their limiting membrane. A few @entity1 with reaction product were seen in the apical cytoplasm; they were in frequent connection with the reaction-positive large endocytic vacuoles. With increasing incubation time, the number of the labelled @entity1 increased. Thus, after 15 min at 37 degrees C, the apical cytoplasm was fully occupied by the reaction-positive @entity1 . The ends of these @entity1 were often continuous with small spherical coated vesicles. No reaction product was detected in the Golgi complex at any time after incubation. These observations indicate that the @entity1 located in the apical cytoplasm probably originate by budding off from the large endocytic vacuoles, rather than being involved in the process of endocytosis.

title: Study on the origin of apical tubules in ileal absorptive cells of suckling XXXX using concanavalin-A as a membrane-bound tracer.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Molecular characterization has contributed to the understanding of the inception, progression, treatment and prognosis of @entity1 . Nucleic acid array-based technologies extend molecular characterization of @entity1 to thousands of gene products. To effectively discriminate between @entity1 sub-types, reliable laboratory techniques and analytic methods are required. RESULTS: We derived mRNA expression profiles from 21 @entity0 tissue samples (eight normal kidneys and 13 @entity2 ) and two pooled samples using the Affymetrix GeneChip platform. A panel of ten clustering algorithms combined with four data pre-processing methods identified a consensus cluster dendrogram in 18 of 40 analyses and of these 16 used a logarithmic transformation. Within the consensus dendrogram the expression profiles of the samples grouped according to tissue type; @entity3 displayed distinctly different gene expression patterns. By using a rigorous statistical selection based method we identified 355 genes that showed significant (p < 0.001) gene expression changes in clear cell @entity2 compared to normal kidney. These genes were classified with a tool to conceptualize expression patterns called "Functional Taxonomy". Each @entity1 type had a distinct "signature," with a high number of genes in the categories of Metabolism, Signal Transduction, and Cellular and Matrix Organization and Adhesion. CONCLUSIONS: Affymetrix GeneChip profiling differentiated @entity3 from one another and from normal kidney cortex. Clustering methods that used logarithmic transformation of data sets produced dendrograms consistent with the sample biology. Functional taxonomy provided a practical approach to the interpretation of gene expression data.

title: Expression profiling of @entity0 XXXX with functional taxonomic analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Molecular characterization has contributed to the understanding of the inception, progression, treatment and prognosis of @entity1 . Nucleic acid array-based technologies extend molecular characterization of @entity1 to thousands of gene products. To effectively discriminate between @entity1 sub-types, reliable laboratory techniques and analytic methods are required. RESULTS: We derived mRNA expression profiles from 21 @entity0 tissue samples (eight normal kidneys and 13 @entity2 ) and two pooled samples using the Affymetrix GeneChip platform. A panel of ten clustering algorithms combined with four data pre-processing methods identified a consensus cluster dendrogram in 18 of 40 analyses and of these 16 used a logarithmic transformation. Within the consensus dendrogram the expression profiles of the samples grouped according to tissue type; @entity3 displayed distinctly different gene expression patterns. By using a rigorous statistical selection based method we identified 355 genes that showed significant (p < 0.001) gene expression changes in clear cell @entity2 compared to normal kidney. These genes were classified with a tool to conceptualize expression patterns called "Functional Taxonomy". Each @entity1 type had a distinct "signature," with a high number of genes in the categories of Metabolism, Signal Transduction, and Cellular and Matrix Organization and Adhesion. CONCLUSIONS: Affymetrix GeneChip profiling differentiated @entity3 from one another and from normal kidney cortex. Clustering methods that used logarithmic transformation of data sets produced dendrograms consistent with the sample biology. Functional taxonomy provided a practical approach to the interpretation of gene expression data.

title: Expression profiling of XXXX @entity2 with functional taxonomic analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhibition of neointimal tissue growth has been demonstrated in preliminary @entity0 feasibility studies with a stent-based polymer sleeve delivering @entity3 . The Study to COmpare @entity1 rate between QueST and QuaDS-QP2 (SCORE) trial is a @entity0 , randomized, multicenter trial comparing @entity3 (QP2)-eluting stents (qDES) with bare metal stents (BMS) in the treatment of de novo coronary lesions. The purpose of this substudy was to evaluate the acute expansion property and long-term neointimal responses of qDES compared with BMS as assessed by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 122 (qDES 66, BMS 56) @entity0 were enrolled into the IVUS substudy. All IVUS images (immediately after the procedure and at 6-month follow-up) were analyzed at an independent core laboratory in a blind manner. At baseline, qDES achieved stent expansion similar to BMS. At follow-up, qDES showed reduced neointimal growth by 70% at the tightest cross section and by 68% over the stented segment (P<0.0001 for both), resulting in a significantly larger lumen in qDES than in BMS. Unlike intracoronary brachytherapy, there was no evidence of negative edge effects, unhealed dissections, or late stent-vessel wall malapposition over the stented and adjacent references segments in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Detailed IVUS analysis revealed that qDES had comparable acute mechanical and superior long-term biological effects to BMS. Although the long-term benefits and limitations of this technology require further investigation, the reduction in neointimal thickenings demonstrated that local delivery of @entity3 through polymer sleeves augments conventional mechanical treatment of @entity2 .

title: @entity3 -eluting stent for prevention of neointimal growth: an intravascular ultrasound analysis from the Study to COmpare XXXX rate between QueST and QuaDS-QP2 (SCORE).

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhibition of neointimal tissue growth has been demonstrated in preliminary @entity0 feasibility studies with a stent-based polymer sleeve delivering @entity3 . The Study to COmpare @entity1 rate between QueST and QuaDS-QP2 (SCORE) trial is a @entity0 , randomized, multicenter trial comparing @entity3 (QP2)-eluting stents (qDES) with bare metal stents (BMS) in the treatment of de novo coronary lesions. The purpose of this substudy was to evaluate the acute expansion property and long-term neointimal responses of qDES compared with BMS as assessed by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS). METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 122 (qDES 66, BMS 56) @entity0 were enrolled into the IVUS substudy. All IVUS images (immediately after the procedure and at 6-month follow-up) were analyzed at an independent core laboratory in a blind manner. At baseline, qDES achieved stent expansion similar to BMS. At follow-up, qDES showed reduced neointimal growth by 70% at the tightest cross section and by 68% over the stented segment (P<0.0001 for both), resulting in a significantly larger lumen in qDES than in BMS. Unlike intracoronary brachytherapy, there was no evidence of negative edge effects, unhealed dissections, or late stent-vessel wall malapposition over the stented and adjacent references segments in either group. CONCLUSIONS: Detailed IVUS analysis revealed that qDES had comparable acute mechanical and superior long-term biological effects to BMS. Although the long-term benefits and limitations of this technology require further investigation, the reduction in neointimal thickenings demonstrated that local delivery of @entity3 through polymer sleeves augments conventional mechanical treatment of @entity2 .

title: XXXX -eluting stent for prevention of neointimal growth: an intravascular ultrasound analysis from the Study to COmpare @entity1 rate between QueST and QuaDS-QP2 (SCORE).

answer: @entity3


abstract: During 1971-1984 out of 44,762 @entity3 cases bacteriologically examined, 4240 (9.5%) @entity2 were isolated in Hyderabad, India. Out of them 1329 (31.3%) were classical and 2911 (68.7%) were el-tor biotypes. The changeover from classical to el-tor @entity4 was observed in Hyderabad during 1975 and persisted. During this 14 year period four major outbreaks with @entity2 serogroup O1 Ogawa, @entity2 biotype el-tor serogroup O1 Ogawa were observed. Phage types 1, 2 and 4 were prevalent during the classical period and types 2 and 4 during the el-tor period. Of the @entity4 @entity0 , 67% were under 30 years of age with no significant difference in the incidence among females (51.4%) and males (48.6%). The outbreaks were of protracted pattern with only few cases per day or week with peak incidence during monsoon (May-August). Community of the low socio-economic strata was the most susceptible group. Five zones situated at the outlet of the Moosi river in the downhill were recorded as extensive @entity4 transmission zones and two of them were the primary foci of @entity1 . The severity of the @entity1 was found directly related to the average rainfall during the year leading to the sewage stagnation in the downhill.

title: Epidemiological patterns and incidence of bio-, sero- and phage types of XXXX in Hyderabad, India, during 1971-1984.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of @entity2 -enriched soy protein on @entity0 bone mineral content (mass) and density in healthy, menstruating young adult females have not been examined in a comparative prospective investigation. Peri- and post-menopausal @entity0 have been reported to show beneficial effects of @entity3 on bone measurements. Therefore, young @entity0 may also be able to improve their accrual of peak bone mineral content (BMC) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) during the early adult years of bone consolidation with an @entity2 -enriched diet. OBJECTIVES: In this controlled, double-blind intervention, we tested the hypothesis that an @entity2 -rich soy protein diet increases BMC and @entity1 in young adult females over a period of one year in comparison to a control group receiving soy protein that has @entity3 removed. DESIGN: Young healthy @entity0 of any ethnic background, 21 to 25 years of age, were divided into two groups, placebo (n = 13) and supplement (n = 15). The soy protein supplement was enriched with @entity3 ( approximately 90 mg of total @entity3 /day), whereas the control protein diet was @entity2 -deficient, even though it contained the same amount of soy protein and other ingredients as the @entity2 -rich diet. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometric (DXA) measurements of BMC and @entity1 were made at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. DXA estimates of body composition, including fat mass and lean body mass, were generated from whole-body BMC measurements. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) over height (m) squared. Physical activity was assessed, and three-day dietary records were taken at entry (baseline) and at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: No changes in @entity1 after 12 months were found in either the @entity2 -treated (treatment) group or the @entity2 -deficient (control) group. Other variables also remained essentially constant over the 12-month period, including normal menstrual patterns in both the treatment and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2 -rich soy preparation had no effects on BMC and @entity1 over a 12-month period in young healthy adult females with normal menses. An @entity2 -rich supplement appears to have little or no effect on bone in young adult @entity0 with normal ovarian function, at least over this 12-month study period.

title: Soy XXXX : no effects on bone mineral content and @entity1 in healthy, menstruating young adult @entity0 after one year.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of @entity2 -enriched soy protein on @entity0 bone mineral content (mass) and density in healthy, menstruating young adult females have not been examined in a comparative prospective investigation. Peri- and post-menopausal @entity0 have been reported to show beneficial effects of @entity3 on bone measurements. Therefore, young @entity0 may also be able to improve their accrual of peak bone mineral content (BMC) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) during the early adult years of bone consolidation with an @entity2 -enriched diet. OBJECTIVES: In this controlled, double-blind intervention, we tested the hypothesis that an @entity2 -rich soy protein diet increases BMC and @entity1 in young adult females over a period of one year in comparison to a control group receiving soy protein that has @entity3 removed. DESIGN: Young healthy @entity0 of any ethnic background, 21 to 25 years of age, were divided into two groups, placebo (n = 13) and supplement (n = 15). The soy protein supplement was enriched with @entity3 ( approximately 90 mg of total @entity3 /day), whereas the control protein diet was @entity2 -deficient, even though it contained the same amount of soy protein and other ingredients as the @entity2 -rich diet. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometric (DXA) measurements of BMC and @entity1 were made at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. DXA estimates of body composition, including fat mass and lean body mass, were generated from whole-body BMC measurements. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) over height (m) squared. Physical activity was assessed, and three-day dietary records were taken at entry (baseline) and at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: No changes in @entity1 after 12 months were found in either the @entity2 -treated (treatment) group or the @entity2 -deficient (control) group. Other variables also remained essentially constant over the 12-month period, including normal menstrual patterns in both the treatment and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2 -rich soy preparation had no effects on BMC and @entity1 over a 12-month period in young healthy adult females with normal menses. An @entity2 -rich supplement appears to have little or no effect on bone in young adult @entity0 with normal ovarian function, at least over this 12-month study period.

title: Soy @entity3 : no effects on bone mineral content and XXXX in healthy, menstruating young adult @entity0 after one year.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effects of @entity2 -enriched soy protein on @entity0 bone mineral content (mass) and density in healthy, menstruating young adult females have not been examined in a comparative prospective investigation. Peri- and post-menopausal @entity0 have been reported to show beneficial effects of @entity3 on bone measurements. Therefore, young @entity0 may also be able to improve their accrual of peak bone mineral content (BMC) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) during the early adult years of bone consolidation with an @entity2 -enriched diet. OBJECTIVES: In this controlled, double-blind intervention, we tested the hypothesis that an @entity2 -rich soy protein diet increases BMC and @entity1 in young adult females over a period of one year in comparison to a control group receiving soy protein that has @entity3 removed. DESIGN: Young healthy @entity0 of any ethnic background, 21 to 25 years of age, were divided into two groups, placebo (n = 13) and supplement (n = 15). The soy protein supplement was enriched with @entity3 ( approximately 90 mg of total @entity3 /day), whereas the control protein diet was @entity2 -deficient, even though it contained the same amount of soy protein and other ingredients as the @entity2 -rich diet. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometric (DXA) measurements of BMC and @entity1 were made at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. DXA estimates of body composition, including fat mass and lean body mass, were generated from whole-body BMC measurements. BMI was calculated as weight (kg) over height (m) squared. Physical activity was assessed, and three-day dietary records were taken at entry (baseline) and at 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: No changes in @entity1 after 12 months were found in either the @entity2 -treated (treatment) group or the @entity2 -deficient (control) group. Other variables also remained essentially constant over the 12-month period, including normal menstrual patterns in both the treatment and control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2 -rich soy preparation had no effects on BMC and @entity1 over a 12-month period in young healthy adult females with normal menses. An @entity2 -rich supplement appears to have little or no effect on bone in young adult @entity0 with normal ovarian function, at least over this 12-month study period.

title: Soy @entity3 : no effects on bone mineral content and @entity1 in healthy, menstruating young adult XXXX after one year.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purpose of this report is to examine our experience with pancreaticoduodenectomy for @entity1 in a community @entity1 center. Five @entity0 underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for severe combined @entity1 and duodenum from July 1980 to December 1986. All five @entity0 survived. The average age of the @entity0 was 29 years. Four @entity0 sustained blunt @entity1 and one sustained penetrating @entity1 . The average length of operation was 5 hours. There was an average of two injured organs per @entity0 in addition to pancreatic and duodenal injuries. The average hospital stay was 24 days. Two @entity0 had @entity2 requiring reoperation. All @entity0 were discharged tolerating oral feedings without the need for @entity4 or pancreatic exocrine supplements. This report confirms the utility of pancreaticoduodenectomy for severe combined @entity3 .

title: Pancreaticoduodenectomy for XXXX : a life-saving procedure.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In order to study the effects of the manipulation of various factors related to muscular activity on the concentration of kinins in muscular tissue, a microdialysis probe was implanted in the adductor muscle of the hindlimb in anaesthetized @entity0 . After collection of baseline samples, the perfusion fluid was changed to a Ringer solution containing @entity6 (10 or 20 mM), @entity1 (50 or 100 microM) or a lower pH (7.0 or 6.6). Whereas perfusion with @entity2 did not have any significant effect on the concentration of kinins in the dialysate, the perfusion with a lower pH or with @entity1 dose-dependently increased the kinin content in the samples. In a second microdialysis experiment, by using specific radioimmunoassays (RIA) for @entity3 and @entity5 , we observed that about 70 % of the total kinins dialysed from @entity0 muscle are a @entity5 -like peptide. Also, the simultaneous perfusion with 100 microM @entity4 totally abolished the increase in kinin levels induced by the perfusion at pH 6.6. In a third experiment, soleus muscles from @entity0 were stimulated in vitro during 30 min in the presence or absence of 77 microM @entity4 . Electrically stimulated contraction, but not the addition of 10 mU ml(-1) insulin, induced an increase in the concentration of the @entity5 -like peptide in the buffer. This effect was totally prevented by the addition of the @entity1 antagonist @entity4 . These results show that a @entity5 -like peptide is released from @entity0 muscle, and that its production is enhanced by muscle activity. Furthermore, the increase in kinin peptides during muscle contraction may be mediated by an increase in @entity1 levels.

title: Contraction-related factors affect the concentration of a XXXX -like peptide in @entity0 muscle tissue.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In order to study the effects of the manipulation of various factors related to muscular activity on the concentration of kinins in muscular tissue, a microdialysis probe was implanted in the adductor muscle of the hindlimb in anaesthetized @entity0 . After collection of baseline samples, the perfusion fluid was changed to a Ringer solution containing @entity6 (10 or 20 mM), @entity1 (50 or 100 microM) or a lower pH (7.0 or 6.6). Whereas perfusion with @entity2 did not have any significant effect on the concentration of kinins in the dialysate, the perfusion with a lower pH or with @entity1 dose-dependently increased the kinin content in the samples. In a second microdialysis experiment, by using specific radioimmunoassays (RIA) for @entity3 and @entity5 , we observed that about 70 % of the total kinins dialysed from @entity0 muscle are a @entity5 -like peptide. Also, the simultaneous perfusion with 100 microM @entity4 totally abolished the increase in kinin levels induced by the perfusion at pH 6.6. In a third experiment, soleus muscles from @entity0 were stimulated in vitro during 30 min in the presence or absence of 77 microM @entity4 . Electrically stimulated contraction, but not the addition of 10 mU ml(-1) insulin, induced an increase in the concentration of the @entity5 -like peptide in the buffer. This effect was totally prevented by the addition of the @entity1 antagonist @entity4 . These results show that a @entity5 -like peptide is released from @entity0 muscle, and that its production is enhanced by muscle activity. Furthermore, the increase in kinin peptides during muscle contraction may be mediated by an increase in @entity1 levels.

title: Contraction-related factors affect the concentration of a @entity5 -like peptide in XXXX muscle tissue.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The cytokeratin filament network is intrinsically dynamic, continuously exchanging subunits over its entire surface, while conferring structural stability on epithelial cells. However, it is not known how cytokeratin filaments are remodeled in situations where the network is temporarily and spatially restricted. Using the @entity1 phosphatase inhibitor @entity3 we observed rapid and reversible restructuring in living cells, which may provide the basis for such dynamics. By examining cells stably expressing fluorescent cytokeratin chimeras, we found that cytokeratin filaments were broken down and then formed into granular aggregates within a few minutes of @entity3 addition. After drug removal, gradual reincorporation of granules into the filament network was observed for aggregates that were either part of residual filaments or stayed in close apposition to remaining filaments. Even when cytokeratin filaments were no longer detectable, granules with low mobility were still able to reestablish a cytokeratin filament network. This process took less than 30 minutes and occurred at multiple foci throughout the cytoplasm without apparent correlation to alterations in the actin- and tubulin-based systems. Interestingly, the short-lived and rather small @entity3 -induced cytokeratin granules contained the cytoskeletal crosslinker plectin but lacked the cytokeratin-solubilising 14-3-3 proteins. By contrast, the long-lived and larger cytokeratin aggregates generated after treatment with the @entity0 / @entity2 phosphatase inhibitor @entity4 were negative for plectin but positive for 14-3-3 proteins. Taken together, our observations in living @entity3 -treated interphase cells revealed modes of cytokeratin remodeling that qualify as basic mechanisms capable of rapidly adapting the cytokeratin filament cytoskeleton to specific requirements.

title: Induction of rapid and reversible cytokeratin filament network remodeling by inhibition of XXXX phosphatases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity3 in vascular surgery @entity0 abruptly increases arterial resistance and blood pressure, which, in turn, makes subsequent volume expansion during cross-clamp application difficult. The use of vasodilatory drugs or volatile anesthetic agents to attenuate this response may have persistent detrimental effects after clamp removal. Another potential therapy that produces rapid effects on myocardial loading conditions is positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). In a porcine model of acute aortic clamping, the hemodynamic consequences of 15 cm @entity5 PEEP with and without plasma volume expansion were studied.(2) METHODS: Forty anesthetized @entity4 underwent 30-min occlusion of the abdominal aorta 1 cm above the origin of the celiac artery. Animals were randomly divided into four treatment groups (n = 10 each) to receive 15 cm @entity5 PEEP or zero end-expiratory pressure (ZEEP) with or without plasma volume expansion using 6% hetastarch (10 ml/kg) during cross-clamp application. Mean aortic pressure was measured with a transducer-tipped catheter placed in the ascending aorta; @entity1 volume was calculated using thermodilution cardiac output. End-expiratory pressure was discontinued upon aortic declamping, and animals were studied over the ensuing 30-min period. RESULTS: @entity3 doubled systemic vascular resistance in all groups. Mean aortic blood pressure increased significantly in both ZEEP groups at 1 and 5 min but not in animals treated with 15 cm @entity5 PEEP. The application of PEEP with aortic cross-clamping reduced cardiac output and @entity1 volume by nearly 50%. Cardiac output and @entity1 volume increased after volume expansion regardless of end-expiratory pressure. After aortic declamping, aortic blood pressure decreased in all groups but was significantly greater in the PEEP + volume group than in either ZEEP group. Similarly, 5 min after declamping, @entity1 volume was greatest in the PEEP + volume animals. CONCLUSIONS: Fifteen cm @entity5 PEEP reduces the @entity2 response to acute @entity3 and allows concomitant volume expansion. Consequently, @entity1 volume and blood pressure are better maintained after clamp removal in @entity6 + volume animals. The use of PEEP during acute @entity3 in @entity0 may allow rapid control of loading conditions to attenuate systemic @entity2 while permitting simultaneous volume expansion.

title: Hemodynamic benefit of positive end-expiratory pressure during acute descending XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The indications and results of transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary @entity3 are analysed. The advantages and disadvantages of @entity6 and radiotherapy are considered. Transsphenoidal surgery does not damage pre-existing pituitary function. It produces excellent results in micro and mesoadenomas, curing about 70-80% of @entity0 irrespective whether the @entity1 produces ACTH, prolactin or @entity5 . Moreover there is a very small relapse rate. Macroadenomas of non-functioning type are also well treated by transphenoidal surgery, with a small recurrence rate as judged by CT scan follow-up. But macroadenomas secreting prolactin or @entity5 are less effectively treated by transsphenoidal surgery, only about 40% being cured. Invasive macro @entity4 are not helped by surgery and should be treated with @entity6 and radiotherapy. Radiotherapy should be used sparingly and has inevitable complications. Post-operative delayed @entity2 is caused either by recurrent @entity1 or radiotherapy. There is no good evidence to support the secondary @entity7 as a cause of such delayed @entity2 .

title: The management of @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The indications and results of transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary @entity3 are analysed. The advantages and disadvantages of @entity6 and radiotherapy are considered. Transsphenoidal surgery does not damage pre-existing pituitary function. It produces excellent results in micro and mesoadenomas, curing about 70-80% of @entity0 irrespective whether the @entity1 produces ACTH, prolactin or @entity5 . Moreover there is a very small relapse rate. Macroadenomas of non-functioning type are also well treated by transphenoidal surgery, with a small recurrence rate as judged by CT scan follow-up. But macroadenomas secreting prolactin or @entity5 are less effectively treated by transsphenoidal surgery, only about 40% being cured. Invasive macro @entity4 are not helped by surgery and should be treated with @entity6 and radiotherapy. Radiotherapy should be used sparingly and has inevitable complications. Post-operative delayed @entity2 is caused either by recurrent @entity1 or radiotherapy. There is no good evidence to support the secondary @entity7 as a cause of such delayed @entity2 .

title: The management of XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A 34-year-old @entity0 visited our clinic because of right testicular swelling, @entity2 . At first he was diagnosed as having @entity4 and received medical treatment. Nevertheless, his course was poor and was hospitalized after 1 month. Incision to the scrotum was performed and about 30 ml of dark yellow pus was drained. Culture of the pus yielded @entity3 which was susceptible to all kinds of antibiotics. The local symptoms subsided, but the right testicular @entity2 still persisted. Right epididymectomy was attempted on the 22nd hospital day. At the operation an @entity5 formation in testis was found but no marked changes in the epididymis were found. Right orchiectomy was performed. Histology of testis showed extensive @entity1 and severe infiltration of many inflammatory cells. We report this rare case of @entity6 with @entity5 formation.

title: [A case of @entity6 with XXXX formation].

answer: @entity5


abstract: A 34-year-old @entity0 visited our clinic because of right testicular swelling, @entity2 . At first he was diagnosed as having @entity4 and received medical treatment. Nevertheless, his course was poor and was hospitalized after 1 month. Incision to the scrotum was performed and about 30 ml of dark yellow pus was drained. Culture of the pus yielded @entity3 which was susceptible to all kinds of antibiotics. The local symptoms subsided, but the right testicular @entity2 still persisted. Right epididymectomy was attempted on the 22nd hospital day. At the operation an @entity5 formation in testis was found but no marked changes in the epididymis were found. Right orchiectomy was performed. Histology of testis showed extensive @entity1 and severe infiltration of many inflammatory cells. We report this rare case of @entity6 with @entity5 formation.

title: [A case of XXXX with @entity5 formation].

answer: @entity6


abstract: The central nervous system (CNS) contains a remarkable diversity of cell types. The molecular basis for generating this neuronal diversity is poorly understood. Much is known, however, about the regulatory genes which control segmentation and segment identity during early @entity0 embryogenesis. Interestingly, most of the segmentation and homoeotic genes in @entity0 , as well as many of their vertebrate homologues, are expressed during the development of the nervous system (for example, ref. 3). Are these genes involved in specifying the identity of individual neurons during neurogenesis, just as they specify the identity of cells during segmentation? We previously described the CNS expression of the segmentation gene @entity1 (ftz) and showed that ftz CNS expression is involved in the determination of an identified neuron. Here we show that another segmentation gene, even-skipped ( @entity2 ), is expressed in a different but overlapping subset of neurons. Temperature-sensitive inactivation of the @entity2 protein during neurogenesis alters the fate of two of these neurons. Our results indicate that the nuclear protein products of the @entity2 and ftz segmentation genes are components of the mechanism controlling cell fate during neuronal development.

title: Control of neuronal fate by the XXXX segmentation gene even-skipped.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity10 replacement therapy (HRT) is an established approach for the treatment and the prevention of @entity4 . Many studies with bone mineral density as primary outcome have shown significant efficacy. Observational studies have indicated a significant reduction of @entity6 risk in cohorts of @entity1 who maintained HRT therapy. The @entity1 's Health Initiative is the first prospective randomised controlled study which showed a positive effect of HRT in terms of @entity6 risk. Unfortunately, this study has been interrupted after 5.2 years because of the unsupportable increase of risk of @entity2 and @entity0 . Compliance with HRT, however, is typically poor because of the potential side effects and possible increased risk of @entity0 . Nevertheless, there is now evidence that lower doses of @entity5 in elderly @entity1 may prevent @entity9 while minimizing the side effects seen with higher doses. Combination therapies using low doses @entity5 should probably be reserved for @entity1 who continue to @entity7 on single therapy. Selective @entity5 receptor modulators (SERMs) are very interesting drugs. The goal of these agents is to maximize the beneficial effect of @entity5 on bone and to minimize or antagonize the deleterious effects on the breast and endometrium. @entity8 , approved for the prevention and the treatment of @entity4 , has been shown to reduce the risks of @entity7 in large clinical trials. However, they don't reduce non vertebral @entity7 . @entity11 is a synthetic @entity3 that increased bone mineral density at lumbar spine and femoral neck. But no trial has been performed with @entity7 as end point.

title: [ @entity10 replacement therapy and its derivatives in the prevention and treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity4