abstract: BACKGROUND: Oxidative stress increases in @entity0 with @entity3 and exaggerates the related comorbidities. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with decaffeinated green tea extract ( @entity10 ) on hemodialysis-induced reactive @entity1 species, @entity5 risk factors, and proinflammatory cytokines. DESIGN: We enrolled 6 healthy subjects and 54 hemodialysis @entity0 for the study. First, the pharmacokinetics of one oral dose of @entity10 was compared between healthy subjects (n = 6) and hemodialysis @entity0 (n = 10). Second, in the 10 hemodialysis @entity0 , we compared the antioxidant effects of 3 different doses (0, 455, and 910 mg) of oral @entity10 with that of oral @entity4 (500 mg) during a hemodialysis session. Third, the other 44 hemodialysis @entity0 participated in a 7-mo interventional study, in which 30 @entity0 received placebo throughout and 14 @entity0 received @entity10 (455 mg/d) from the third to the fifth month. RESULTS: After one oral dose, the hemodialysis @entity0 (n = 10) had later peaks and slower decay of plasma @entity10 than did the healthy subjects. In the 10 hemodialysis @entity0 , @entity9 supplementation reduced hemodialysis-enhanced plasma @entity8 activity more effectively than did placebo or @entity4 . Between treatments with 455 or 910 mg @entity10 , no significant difference was found in the reduction of plasma @entity8 activity. @entity10 also significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokine expression enhanced by hemodialysis. In the 7-mo interventional study, the 14 @entity0 who received daily supplementation of @entity10 for 3 mo had less predialysis plasma @entity2 activity, lower @entity8 activity, and lower @entity7 , @entity6 , and proinflammatory cytokine concentrations than did the 30 hemodialysis @entity0 who received placebo. CONCLUSION: @entity10 reduce hemodialysis-induced production of @entity2 and @entity8 , @entity5 risk factors, and proinflammation.

title: Chronic green tea extract supplementation reduces hemodialysis-enhanced production of @entity2 and @entity8 , XXXX factors, and proinflammatory cytokines.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Inhibitory circuits are crucial in modulating corticospinal output in the primary motor cortex (M1). Relatively little is known about how these inhibitory circuits interact. Here we measured three forms of inhibition in M1 by paired-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation: @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We specifically tested their interactions under pharmacological challenge with a single oral dose of @entity5 , a positive allosteric modulator of the @entity3 type A receptor ( @entity3 A R), or @entity4 , a specific agonist at the @entity3 type B receptor ( @entity3 B R). Motor evoked potentials were recorded bilaterally from the first dorsal interosseous muscle in eight right-handed healthy volunteers. @entity5 enhanced @entity1 , and @entity4 produced a trend towards enhanced @entity2 , corroborating the view that @entity1 reflects inhibition mediated by the @entity3 A R, and @entity2 very likely reflects inhibition mediated by the @entity3 B R. The pharmacology of @entity1 was inconclusive and warrants further investigation. Findings strongly suggest that @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity1 recruit three distinct inhibitory circuits in the @entity0 M1. The interactions between @entity1 and @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity1 , and @entity2 and @entity1 were all negative, that is @entity1 suppressed @entity1 , and @entity2 suppressed both @entity1 and @entity1 . @entity5 partially restored @entity1 in the presence of @entity2 , while all other interactions remained unaffected by @entity5 or @entity4 . It will be argued that the negative interactions between @entity1 and @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity1 , and @entity2 and @entity1 are most likely due to presynaptic @entity3 B R-mediated autoinhibition.

title: Inhibitory circuits and the nature of their interactions in the XXXX motor cortex a pharmacological TMS study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conversion disorder (motor type) describes weakness that is not due to recognized disease or conscious simulation but instead is thought to be a "psychogenic" phenomenon. It is a common clinical problem in neurology but its neural correlates remain poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To compare the neural correlates of unilateral functional weakness in @entity3 with those in healthy controls asked to simulate @entity1 . METHODS: Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine whole brain activations during ankle plantarflexion in four @entity0 with unilateral @entity1 due to @entity3 and four healthy controls simulating @entity1 . Group data were analyzed separately for @entity0 and controls. RESULTS: Both @entity0 and controls activated the motor cortex (paracentral lobule) contralateral to the "weak" limb less strongly and more diffusely than the motor cortex contralateral to the normally moving leg. @entity0 with @entity3 activated a network of areas including the putamen and lingual gyri bilaterally, @entity2 , and deactivated right middle frontal and orbitofrontal cortices. Controls simulating weakness, but not cases, activated the contralateral supplementary motor area. CONCLUSIONS: Unilateral weakness in @entity3 is associated with a distinctive pattern of activation, which overlaps with but is different from the activation pattern associated with simulated weakness. The overall pattern suggests more complex mental activity in @entity0 with @entity3 than in controls.

title: FMRI in XXXX with motor conversion symptoms and controls with simulated weakness.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The use of compression garments during exercise is recommended for @entity1 with @entity0 , but the evidence behind this clinical recommendation is unclear. The aim of this randomized, cross-over trial was to compare the acute effects of wearing versus not wearing compression during a single bout of moderate-load resistance exercise on @entity4 status and its associated symptoms in @entity1 with @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Twenty-five @entity1 with clinically diagnosed, stable unilateral @entity0 completed two resistance exercise sessions, one with compression and one without, in a randomized order separated by a minimum 6 day wash-out period. The resistance exercise session consisted of six upper-body exercises, with each exercise performed for three sets at a moderate-load (10-12 repetition maximum). Primary outcome was @entity4 , assessed using bioimpedance spectroscopy (L-Dex score). Secondary outcomes were @entity4 as assessed by arm circumferences (percent inter-limb difference and sum-of-circumferences), and symptom severity for @entity2 , @entity5 and @entity3 , measured using visual analogue scales. Measurements were taken pre-, immediately post- and 24 hours post-exercise. There was no difference in @entity4 status (i.e., L-Dex scores) pre- and post-exercise sessions or between the compression and non-compression condition [Mean (SD) for compression pre-, immediately post- and 24 hours post-exercise: 17.7 (21.5), 12.7 (16.2) and 14.1 (16.7), respectively; no compression: 15.3 (18.3), 15.3 (17.8), and 13.4 (16.1), respectively]. Circumference values and symptom severity were stable across time and treatment condition. An acute bout of moderate-load, upper-body resistance exercise performed in the absence of compression does not exacerbate @entity4 in @entity1 with @entity0 .

title: EFFECTS OF COMPRESSION ON LYMPHEDEMA DURING RESISTANCE EXERCISE IN XXXX WITH BREAST CANCER-RELATED LYMPHEDEMA: A RANDOMIZED, CROSS-OVER TRIAL.

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: @entity2 are benign neoplasms of the peripheral nerves originating in the Schwann cells. According to their cellularity, they can be subdivided into Antoni A or Antoni B types. They are rare and usually solitary, with clearly delimited capsules. They occur in the head and neck region in only 25% of the cases, and may be associated with @entity3 . The present study retrospectively analyzed some data on this disease in the head and neck region and reviewed the literature on the subject. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study at Head and Neck Service, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. METHODS: Data on 21 @entity0 between 1980 and 2003 were reviewed. The sites of cervical @entity2 and the intraoperative, histopathological and postoperative clinical status of these cases were studied. Diagnostic methods, type of surgery and association with @entity5 were evaluated. RESULTS: The @entity0 ' ages ranged from 16 to 72 years. Four @entity0 had a positive past history of @entity3 or @entity3 . The nerves affected included the brachial and cervical plexuses, vagus nerve, sympathetic chain and lingual or recurrent laryngeal nerve. The nerve of origin was not identified in six cases. @entity1 enucleation was performed in 16 @entity0 ; the other five required more extensive surgery. CONCLUSION: @entity2 and @entity4 both derive from Schwann cells, but are different entities. They are solitary lesions, except in @entity3 . They are generally benign, and rarely recur. The recommended surgical treatment is @entity1 enucleation.

title: XXXX in the head and neck: retrospective analysis of 21 @entity0 and review of the literature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: @entity2 are benign neoplasms of the peripheral nerves originating in the Schwann cells. According to their cellularity, they can be subdivided into Antoni A or Antoni B types. They are rare and usually solitary, with clearly delimited capsules. They occur in the head and neck region in only 25% of the cases, and may be associated with @entity3 . The present study retrospectively analyzed some data on this disease in the head and neck region and reviewed the literature on the subject. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective study at Head and Neck Service, Universidade Estadual de Campinas. METHODS: Data on 21 @entity0 between 1980 and 2003 were reviewed. The sites of cervical @entity2 and the intraoperative, histopathological and postoperative clinical status of these cases were studied. Diagnostic methods, type of surgery and association with @entity5 were evaluated. RESULTS: The @entity0 ' ages ranged from 16 to 72 years. Four @entity0 had a positive past history of @entity3 or @entity3 . The nerves affected included the brachial and cervical plexuses, vagus nerve, sympathetic chain and lingual or recurrent laryngeal nerve. The nerve of origin was not identified in six cases. @entity1 enucleation was performed in 16 @entity0 ; the other five required more extensive surgery. CONCLUSION: @entity2 and @entity4 both derive from Schwann cells, but are different entities. They are solitary lesions, except in @entity3 . They are generally benign, and rarely recur. The recommended surgical treatment is @entity1 enucleation.

title: @entity2 in the head and neck: retrospective analysis of 21 XXXX and review of the literature.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is a high prevalence for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in @entity1 @entity0 . This retrospective study was performed to determine the role of adrenal scanning and adrenal vein sampling (AVS) in distinguishing unilateral autonomous @entity2 from @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: 93 @entity0 , admitted to the radiology department for AVS between 1996 and 2004, were enrolled. 44 had a diagnosis of @entity4 , 22 or whom had an @entity2 and 22 had @entity6 . RESULTS: 17 of the 22 @entity0 with @entity2 and 15 with @entity6 had an @entity5 -renin ratio > 50. Adrenal CT or MR scanning was performed in 73 @entity0 . Sensitivity and specificity were 56 % and 60 %, respectively, for CT and 57% and 67% for MR. In 87 @entity0 AVS provided values for @entity5 (A) and @entity3 (C) from the adrenal veins and vena cava inferior (VCI). Successful sampling (C-adrenal vein/C-VCI > 1.1) was achieved from 55 % of the right and from 92 % of the left adrenal veins. When AVS was successful on both sides, localizing @entity2 was possible using A/C (site of @entity2 ) vs. A/C (contralateral) at a cut-off point > 3 (sensitivity 85 %, specifity 88 %). In @entity0 with @entity2 , @entity5 release was suppressed on the contralateral site (A/C-adrenal vein/A/C-VCI ratio = 0.8). CONCLUSION: AVS is a useful tool for localizing unilateral autonomous @entity2 . However, selective sampling often fails on the right adrenal vein, which limits its significance. In this case the A/C-adrenal vein/A/C-VCI in combination with the posture test should be utilized. CT or MRI are of limited value.

title: [Comparison of adrenal imaging and selective adrenal vein sampling in XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The impact of @entity5 formulation particle size on the intestinal @entity3 absorption and the @entity3 status in various tissues in Dunkin Hartley @entity1 was investigated. Three groups of animals (six each) were fed a basal diet ("control") or a basal diet containing either customary @entity5 ("customary", particle size: 10 000-90 000 nm) or nanoscale @entity5 ("nanoscale", particle size: 200-300 nm). The average daily @entity5 intake was 21 +/- 7 mg (control), 154 +/- 8 mg (customary), and 127 +/- 18 mg (nanoscale) for 2 weeks. @entity5 and @entity0 were analyzed in samples of plasma, blood cells, bile, liver, kidney, @entity4 , cecum, colon and feces. Concentrations of @entity5 in all analyzed matrices increased significantly in the supplemented groups when compared to control group. No differences in the @entity5 concentrations in analyzed matrices occurred between nanoscale and customary group. The @entity0 concentrations in tissues remained unchanged. Fecal @entity2 and @entity3 distributions were modified during @entity5 intervention. Both particle sizes equally increased @entity5 levels in @entity0 -metabolizing compartments in the @entity1 . No differences in body compartment accumulation and intestinal absorption of the different @entity5 particle sizes were observed.

title: Nanoscale and customary non-esterified sitosterols are equally enriched in different body compartments of the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical and microbiological efficacy of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in the management of @entity6 unresponsive to conventional treatment and surgical intervention. METHOD: Consecutive @entity1 @entity0 with foot wounds presenting at the vascular surgery unit and the @entity1 foot unit of Alexandria Main University Hospital were selected for @entity4 . @entity5 medicinal maggots were applied to the @entity3 for three days per week. Changes in the percentage of @entity2 tissue and @entity3 surface area were recorded each week over the 12-week follow-up period. Semiquantitative swab technique was used to determine the bacterial load before and after @entity4 . RESULTS: The sample comprised 10 @entity0 with 13 @entity6 . The mean baseline @entity3 surface area was 23.5cm2 (range 1.3-63.1), and the mean percentage of @entity2 tissue was 74.9% (range 29.9-100). Complete debridement was achieved in all @entity3 in a mean of 1.9 weeks (range 1-4). Five @entity3 (38.5%) were completely debrided with one three-day @entity4 cycle. The mean reduction in @entity3 size was significant at 90.2%, and this occurred in a mean of 8.1 weeks (range 2-12). The mean weekly reduction in @entity3 size was 16.1% (range 8.3-50). Full wound healing occurred in 11 @entity3 (84.6%) within a mean of 7.3 weeks (range 2-10). The bacterial load of all @entity3 reduced sharply after the first @entity4 cycle to below the 10(5) threshold, which facilitates healing. CONCLUSION: The results highlight the potential benefits of @entity4 in @entity1 wound care in developing countries. @entity4 was proved to be a rapid, simple and efficient method of treating these @entity3 .

title: Clinical and microbiological efficacy of XXXX in the treatment of @entity6 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical and microbiological efficacy of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in the management of @entity6 unresponsive to conventional treatment and surgical intervention. METHOD: Consecutive @entity1 @entity0 with foot wounds presenting at the vascular surgery unit and the @entity1 foot unit of Alexandria Main University Hospital were selected for @entity4 . @entity5 medicinal maggots were applied to the @entity3 for three days per week. Changes in the percentage of @entity2 tissue and @entity3 surface area were recorded each week over the 12-week follow-up period. Semiquantitative swab technique was used to determine the bacterial load before and after @entity4 . RESULTS: The sample comprised 10 @entity0 with 13 @entity6 . The mean baseline @entity3 surface area was 23.5cm2 (range 1.3-63.1), and the mean percentage of @entity2 tissue was 74.9% (range 29.9-100). Complete debridement was achieved in all @entity3 in a mean of 1.9 weeks (range 1-4). Five @entity3 (38.5%) were completely debrided with one three-day @entity4 cycle. The mean reduction in @entity3 size was significant at 90.2%, and this occurred in a mean of 8.1 weeks (range 2-12). The mean weekly reduction in @entity3 size was 16.1% (range 8.3-50). Full wound healing occurred in 11 @entity3 (84.6%) within a mean of 7.3 weeks (range 2-10). The bacterial load of all @entity3 reduced sharply after the first @entity4 cycle to below the 10(5) threshold, which facilitates healing. CONCLUSION: The results highlight the potential benefits of @entity4 in @entity1 wound care in developing countries. @entity4 was proved to be a rapid, simple and efficient method of treating these @entity3 .

title: Clinical and microbiological efficacy of @entity4 in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In this study we aimed to evaluate new bone and new fibrous tissue formation in the inner ear following cochlear implantation. METHODS: Twelve temporal bones from @entity0 who underwent cochlear implantation during life were prepared for histologic study. The specimens were reconstructed by both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional methods. These reconstructions were used to calculate the total volume and distribution of new bone and new fibrous tissue in the cochlea, the number of @entity1 cells, and other histopathologic parameters. Clinical data, including the last-recorded word recognition scores, were obtained from the @entity0 ' medical records. RESULTS: New bone and new fibrous tissue were found in all 12 specimens, particularly at the site of cochleostomy. There was a significant correlation between overall damage to the lateral cochlear wall and the total volume of intracochlear new tissue (Spearman rho = .853; p = .0004). The total volume of new tissue did not correlate with word recognition scores or @entity1 cell counts. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary results suggest that the degree of damage to the lateral cochlear wall may play an important role in influencing the amount of new tissue formation following cochlear implantation. Intracochlear new tissue does not appear to be an important determinant of performance as measured by word recognition scores or the total number of remaining @entity1 cells.

title: Analysis of intracochlear new bone and fibrous tissue formation in XXXX subjects with cochlear implants.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the clinical utility of the first-trimester markers of @entity1 in their ability to predict @entity3 . METHODS: We examined 54 722 singleton pregnancies with no @entity2 and with complete outcome data that had undergone screening for trisomy 21 by a combination of fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness and maternal serum free beta- @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A ( @entity4 ) at 11 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks' gestation. The biochemical markers were converted to multiples of the median (MoM) of the expected normal median for a pregnancy of the same gestation and the measurements of fetal NT were expressed as the difference (delta) from the normal median NT for crown-rump length. The association between free beta-hCG, @entity4 and delta NT and the incidence of @entity3 before 37 weeks or early @entity3 before 34 weeks was assessed by comparing the relative incidence at a number of MoM or delta NT cut-offs and at various centile cut-offs. At various marker levels the likelihood ratios (LR) for @entity3 and early @entity3 were also calculated after excluding other adverse pregnancy complications. RESULTS: The risk of @entity3 increased with decreasing maternal serum @entity4 . In the 3132 cases delivering before 37 weeks the @entity4 MoM was 0.91 and in the 1060 cases delivering before 34 weeks the @entity4 MoM was 0.90. At the 5th centile of the normal outcome group for @entity4 (0.415 MoM) the odds ratios for delivery before 37 weeks and before 34 weeks were 1.92 and 2.35, respectively. The respective values for the 5th centile of free beta-hCG (0.41 MoM) were 1.18 and 1.08 and for the 95th centile of delta NT they were 0.91 and 0.77, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of maternal serum @entity4 are associated, in the absence of an abnormal karyotype, with an increased risk of preterm or early @entity3 . The LR profiles provided at various levels of @entity4 may be of some help in counseling @entity0 with such results and may raise awareness among healthcare professionals for increased surveillance in such cases.

title: First-trimester ultrasound and biochemical markers of XXXX and the prediction of preterm or early @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the clinical utility of the first-trimester markers of @entity1 in their ability to predict @entity3 . METHODS: We examined 54 722 singleton pregnancies with no @entity2 and with complete outcome data that had undergone screening for trisomy 21 by a combination of fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness and maternal serum free beta- @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A ( @entity4 ) at 11 + 0 and 13 + 6 weeks' gestation. The biochemical markers were converted to multiples of the median (MoM) of the expected normal median for a pregnancy of the same gestation and the measurements of fetal NT were expressed as the difference (delta) from the normal median NT for crown-rump length. The association between free beta-hCG, @entity4 and delta NT and the incidence of @entity3 before 37 weeks or early @entity3 before 34 weeks was assessed by comparing the relative incidence at a number of MoM or delta NT cut-offs and at various centile cut-offs. At various marker levels the likelihood ratios (LR) for @entity3 and early @entity3 were also calculated after excluding other adverse pregnancy complications. RESULTS: The risk of @entity3 increased with decreasing maternal serum @entity4 . In the 3132 cases delivering before 37 weeks the @entity4 MoM was 0.91 and in the 1060 cases delivering before 34 weeks the @entity4 MoM was 0.90. At the 5th centile of the normal outcome group for @entity4 (0.415 MoM) the odds ratios for delivery before 37 weeks and before 34 weeks were 1.92 and 2.35, respectively. The respective values for the 5th centile of free beta-hCG (0.41 MoM) were 1.18 and 1.08 and for the 95th centile of delta NT they were 0.91 and 0.77, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Low levels of maternal serum @entity4 are associated, in the absence of an abnormal karyotype, with an increased risk of preterm or early @entity3 . The LR profiles provided at various levels of @entity4 may be of some help in counseling @entity0 with such results and may raise awareness among healthcare professionals for increased surveillance in such cases.

title: First-trimester ultrasound and biochemical markers of @entity1 and the prediction of preterm or early XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of @entity2 of the head and neck. METHOD: The clinical data of 33 @entity0 with @entity2 of the head and neck, from 1980 to 2004, were retrospectively reviewed and analysed. RESULT: The @entity1 of all the cases were totally resected. Thirty of thirty-three cases have been followed up. Twenty-seven cases were fully recovered without any serious complication. One case with @entity1 were died. The other 2 cases were died of other diseases. CONCLUSION: @entity1 resection is still the most effective treatment available for @entity0 with @entity2 of the head and neck. Resection of @entity1 should be performed as soon as possible with careful protection of the function of the nerve. Extensive resection should be performed to treat @entity1 .

title: [Clinical analysis of 33 cases of XXXX of the head and neck].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Clearly, UA @entity2 is not a major contributing factor to OSA pathogenesis for most @entity0 . Rather, state-dependent reductions in neural drive to UAMs would appear to be a more critical pathogenic mechanism. While there are subtle changes in UA structure and function, there is little evidence to suggest that @entity2 per se is important in OSA. Furthermore, most OSA @entity0 are indeed capable of achieving stable periods of breathing at least part of the night, an effect believed to be importantly mediated via compensation of UA dilator muscles. It is extremely difficult to conceptualize how this may occur if @entity2 were fundamentally important in OSA pathogenesis. Furthermore, disease progression appears to be modest at best and is largely explained by increased @entity5 . Nonetheless, it is acknowledged that subtle changes in UAM output due to factors such as repeated UA vibration, @entity3 , @entity1 , and @entity4 may contribute to this effect. However, the current evidence would suggest that, if present, most of these changes would appear to be neurogenic rather than truly myopathic in origin. Adaptive processes to preserve UAM function in OSA in spite of these changes also appear to occur. In addition, these apparent changes may be an epiphenomenon rather than functionally important. Finally, some @entity0 may be more vulnerable to UAM weakness with greater consequential functional effects than others, although this remains scarcely studied. Thus, future studies should carefully explore the functional consequences of UAM abnormalities and define which @entity0 , if any, are susceptible to these potentially detrimental effects.

title: Upper airway XXXX is not important in the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea.

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: To better understand the effects of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) on working memory performance. We first examined the construct validity of a working memory task (the 2-Back task) and its relationship to other tests of cognitive functioning, and then determined the effects of positive airway pressure ( @entity2 ) treatment on measures of both working memory and its related component processes. METHODS: Fifty-six @entity0 with @entity1 were administered cognitive tests of working memory and related subordinate cognitive processes prior to initiation of @entity2 treatment and at a 3-month follow-up visit. Objective monitors were employed to measure @entity2 treatment adherence. Statistical analyses were conducted to examine treatment adherence and cognitive performance over time. RESULTS: Performance on the 2-Back task was statistically correlated with both a second working memory task (PASAT) and all subordinate cognitive measures. @entity0 were separated into high and low @entity2 adherence groups using a median split of 4 hours of @entity2 use per night. Repeated measures ANOVAs demonstrated that high adherers performed better across time on both tests of working memory (2-Back: F46 = 4.73, p <0.04; PASAT: F46 = 4.92, p <0.04) whereas low adherers performed more poorly. There were no treatment effects for any other cognitive measure. CONCLUSIONS: The 2-Back task demonstrated adequate construct validity as a measurement of working memory in individuals with @entity1 . Our treatment adherence findings suggest that the construct of working memory is more sensitive to the effects @entity1 treatment than are any of its subordinate cognitive processes.

title: Working XXXX : construct validity and treatment effects.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the influence of 50% @entity4 ( @entity3 ) on the induction doses of @entity2 and @entity5 by means of the auditory evoked potentials index (AAI). To evaluate the time to induction of anesthesia. @entity0 AND METHOD: This was a prospective controlled trial in ASA 1-2 @entity0 randomized to 4 groups for administration of @entity2 in 100% @entity1 (group P1), @entity2 in a mixture of 50% @entity3 and 50% @entity1 (group P2), thiopental in 100% @entity1 (group T1) or thiopental in a 50% @entity3 and 50% @entity1 mixture. An AAI monitor was used. Continuous intravenous infusions of 1% @entity2 or 2.5% thiopental were administered at a rate of 120 mL h(-1) until an AAI of less than 40 (clinical hypnosis) and then an AAI of less than 20 (surgical hypnosis) were obtained. Vital signs, induction doses required to reach an AAI of 40 and of 20, and induction times were recorded. RESULTS: One hundred sixty @entity0 with a body mass index of less than 30 kg/m2 were enrolled. The biological parameters and vital signs were similar in the 4 groups of 40 @entity0 each. The induction doses of thiopental and @entity2 and the induction times were significantly reduced in the groups in which the mixture of 50% @entity3 and 50% @entity1 was used in comparison with the groups breathing 100% @entity1 , in terms of both AAI target values of 20 and 40 (P<.01). There were no complications in any @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The doses of both thiopental and @entity2 are reduced and induction times are shorter when the drugs are administered with a mixture of 50% @entity3 and 50% @entity1 . Monitoring the AAI facilitates the titration of thiopental and @entity2 dosing during anesthetic induction.

title: [Influence of inhaled XXXX on the induction doses of @entity2 and thiopental assessed by auditory evoked potentials].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the influence of 50% @entity4 ( @entity3 ) on the induction doses of @entity2 and @entity5 by means of the auditory evoked potentials index (AAI). To evaluate the time to induction of anesthesia. @entity0 AND METHOD: This was a prospective controlled trial in ASA 1-2 @entity0 randomized to 4 groups for administration of @entity2 in 100% @entity1 (group P1), @entity2 in a mixture of 50% @entity3 and 50% @entity1 (group P2), thiopental in 100% @entity1 (group T1) or thiopental in a 50% @entity3 and 50% @entity1 mixture. An AAI monitor was used. Continuous intravenous infusions of 1% @entity2 or 2.5% thiopental were administered at a rate of 120 mL h(-1) until an AAI of less than 40 (clinical hypnosis) and then an AAI of less than 20 (surgical hypnosis) were obtained. Vital signs, induction doses required to reach an AAI of 40 and of 20, and induction times were recorded. RESULTS: One hundred sixty @entity0 with a body mass index of less than 30 kg/m2 were enrolled. The biological parameters and vital signs were similar in the 4 groups of 40 @entity0 each. The induction doses of thiopental and @entity2 and the induction times were significantly reduced in the groups in which the mixture of 50% @entity3 and 50% @entity1 was used in comparison with the groups breathing 100% @entity1 , in terms of both AAI target values of 20 and 40 (P<.01). There were no complications in any @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The doses of both thiopental and @entity2 are reduced and induction times are shorter when the drugs are administered with a mixture of 50% @entity3 and 50% @entity1 . Monitoring the AAI facilitates the titration of thiopental and @entity2 dosing during anesthetic induction.

title: [Influence of inhaled @entity4 on the induction doses of XXXX and thiopental assessed by auditory evoked potentials].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 is a leading cause of global mortality, accounting for almost 17 million @entity2 annually or 30% of all global mortality. In developing countries, it causes twice as many @entity2 as @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity8 combined. It is estimated that about 40-50% of all @entity1 are @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and about 80% of these are caused by @entity6 . Therefore, about 6 million @entity5 occur annually due to @entity6 . The survival rate from sudden @entity7 is less than 1% worldwide and close to 5% in the US. Prevention of @entity1 by increasing awareness of risk factors such as lack of exercise, inappropriate diet and smoking has reduced cardiovascular mortality in the US over the past few decades. However, there is still a huge @entity1 burden globally as well as in the US. Therefore, there is a need to develop complementary strategies for management of @entity5 . The data from several trials conclusively indicate that implantable defibrillators improve mortality in @entity0 who have experienced an episode or are at high risk of developing @entity6 . These devices are reimbursed and are being used frequently in the developed economies for management of @entity9 . However, due to that low level of public and private health spending in developing economies and the relatively high cost of ICDs, their implant rates are very low there. The Automatic External Defibrillators and Emergency Medical Response Services equipped with AEDs provide complementary as well as alternative opportunities for management of @entity9 . There are several challenges associated with the adoption of these strategies. The efficacy and cost-effectiveness of these strategies need to be compared with ICDs to determine the appropriate strategy for various geographies. The global problem of @entity9 as well as the various options for its management will be discussed in the presentation.

title: Global public health problem of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: A city-wide sanitation intervention was started in Salvador, Brazil, in 1997 to improve sewerage coverage from 26% of households to 80%. Our aim was to investigate the epidemiological effect of this city-wide sanitation programme on @entity1 morbidity in @entity0 less than 3 years of age. METHODS: The investigation was composed of two longitudinal studies done in 1997-98 before the intervention (the sanitation programme) and in 2003-04 after the intervention had been completed. Each study consisted of a cohort of @entity0 (841 in the preintervention study and 1007 in the postintervention study; age 0-36 months at baseline) who were followed up for a maximum of 8 months. @entity0 were sampled from 24 sentinel areas that were randomly chosen to represent the range of environmental conditions in the study site. At the start of each study an individual or household questionnaire was applied by trained fieldworkers; an environmental survey was done in each area before and after introduction of the sanitation programme to assess basic neighbourhood and household sanitation conditions. Daily @entity1 data were obtained during home visits twice per week. The effect of the intervention was estimated by a hierarchical modelling approach fitting a sequence of multivariate regression models. FINDINGS: @entity1 prevalence fell by 21% (95% CI 18-25%)-from 9.2 (9.0-9.5) days per @entity0 -year before the intervention to 7.3 (7.0-7.5) days per @entity0 -year afterwards. After adjustment for baseline sewerage coverage and potential confounding variables, we estimated an overall prevalence reduction of 22% (19-26%). INTERPRETATION: Our results show that urban sanitation is a highly effective health measure that can no longer be ignored, and they provide a timely support for the launch of 2008 as the International Year of Sanitation.

title: Effect of city-wide sanitation programme on reduction in rate of childhood XXXX in northeast Brazil: assessment by two cohort studies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In order to identify potential alternative sources of urease for the removal of @entity2 from alcoholic beverages, 205 strains of @entity0 bacteria belonging to 27 different species were screened for urease production. Only @entity3 produced urease. Cell permeabilization with @entity5 allowed to increase activity significantly. Optimal pH for urease activity in whole and permeabilized cells and of cell free extracts differed slightly, but was in the range 6.0-7.0. Significant activity was retained at pH 3.0 and 8.0, and, for cell free extracts, at pH 4.0 in the presence of @entity1 . Urease production was evaluated in fermentations with pH control (5.25-6.5) and without pH control. Very little urease was produced in absence of @entity2 , which at 5g/l slowed growth significantly in fermentations without pH control, but prevented a decrease in pH below 5.1 and resulted in higher final biomass. Optimal pH for growth was between 6.0 and 6.5 but specific urease activity was higher for fermentations at low pH at the beginning of the exponential phase. However, a higher total urease activity was obtained at pH 6.0 and 6.5 because of higher biomass. Potential technological applications of urease production by @entity4 are discussed.

title: Urease production by XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity9 present in immune cells may be involved in regulation of the inflammatory response. Here, using @entity9 -null ( @entity5 -1(-/-)) @entity0 , we addressed the role of @entity9 in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in regulating PMN activation-mediated @entity3 . In lungs of wild-type ( @entity5 -1(+/+)) @entity0 perfused at constant flow with Krebs-Henseleit solution, addition of @entity5 -1(+/+) PMNs (4 x 10(6) cells) into the perfusate followed by their activation with @entity6 ( @entity7 , 1.0 muM) plus platelet-activating factor (1.0 nM) increased pulmonary microvessel filtration coefficient by 150% and wet-to-dry lung weight ratio by 50% as well as PMN accumulation in lungs. These responses were markedly reduced in lungs perfused with @entity5 -1(-/-) PMNs followed by addition of the same activating agents. @entity7 -stimulated adhesion of @entity5 -1(-/-) PMNs to pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and migration of @entity5 -1(-/-) PMNs across endothelial monolayers were also impaired compared with @entity5 -1(+/+) PMNs. @entity5 -1(-/-) PMNs showed 50-80% reduction in PMA- or @entity7 -stimulated @entity2 production compared with @entity5 -1(+/+) PMNs. In addition, @entity5 -1(-/-) PMNs had decreased migratory activity (50%) and adhesion to fibrinogen (40%) in response to @entity7 . @entity8 and Rac2 were activated in @entity5 -1(+/+) PMNs after stimulation of @entity7 but not in @entity5 -1(-/-) PMNs. Exogenous expression of @entity9 in COS-phox cells augmented the @entity7 -induced @entity8 activation and @entity2 production, indicating a direct role of @entity9 in the mechanism of @entity2 production. Thus @entity9 expression in PMNs plays a key role in mediating PMN activation, adhesion, and transendothelial migration and in PMN activation-induced @entity1 and @entity4 .

title: Neutrophil XXXX expression contributes to mechanism of @entity1 and injury.

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity9 present in immune cells may be involved in regulation of the inflammatory response. Here, using @entity9 -null ( @entity5 -1(-/-)) @entity0 , we addressed the role of @entity9 in polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in regulating PMN activation-mediated @entity3 . In lungs of wild-type ( @entity5 -1(+/+)) @entity0 perfused at constant flow with Krebs-Henseleit solution, addition of @entity5 -1(+/+) PMNs (4 x 10(6) cells) into the perfusate followed by their activation with @entity6 ( @entity7 , 1.0 muM) plus platelet-activating factor (1.0 nM) increased pulmonary microvessel filtration coefficient by 150% and wet-to-dry lung weight ratio by 50% as well as PMN accumulation in lungs. These responses were markedly reduced in lungs perfused with @entity5 -1(-/-) PMNs followed by addition of the same activating agents. @entity7 -stimulated adhesion of @entity5 -1(-/-) PMNs to pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells and migration of @entity5 -1(-/-) PMNs across endothelial monolayers were also impaired compared with @entity5 -1(+/+) PMNs. @entity5 -1(-/-) PMNs showed 50-80% reduction in PMA- or @entity7 -stimulated @entity2 production compared with @entity5 -1(+/+) PMNs. In addition, @entity5 -1(-/-) PMNs had decreased migratory activity (50%) and adhesion to fibrinogen (40%) in response to @entity7 . @entity8 and Rac2 were activated in @entity5 -1(+/+) PMNs after stimulation of @entity7 but not in @entity5 -1(-/-) PMNs. Exogenous expression of @entity9 in COS-phox cells augmented the @entity7 -induced @entity8 activation and @entity2 production, indicating a direct role of @entity9 in the mechanism of @entity2 production. Thus @entity9 expression in PMNs plays a key role in mediating PMN activation, adhesion, and transendothelial migration and in PMN activation-induced @entity1 and @entity4 .

title: Neutrophil @entity9 expression contributes to mechanism of XXXX and injury.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The adaptive behavior of @entity0 beings is usually supported by rapid monitoring of outstanding events in the environment. Some investigators have suggested that a primary @entity1 might trigger symptoms of @entity3 . In addition, researchers have long discussed the relationship between @entity3 and the @entity6 ( @entity6 ). On the basis of these considerations, the objective of the present study was to investigate attention performance of @entity0 with both disorders. @entity0 age was 18 to 60 years, and all @entity0 had received formal schooling for at least four years. @entity0 were excluded if they had any @entity4 with neurologic or @entity2 comorbidity, or a history of brain surgery. The computer-assisted TAVIS-2R test was applied to all @entity0 and to a control group to evaluate and discriminate between selective, alternating and sustained attention. The TAVIS-2R test is divided into three parts: one for selective attention (5 min), the second for alternating attention (5 min), and the third for the evaluation of vigilance or sustained attention (10 min). The same computer software was used for statistical analysis of reaction time, omission errors, and commission errors. The sample consisted of 36 @entity0 with @entity3 , 28 with interictal @entity6 , and 47 healthy controls. The results of the selective attention tests for both @entity0 groups were significantly lower than that for controls. The @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity6 performed differently in the alternating and sustained attention tests: @entity0 with @entity6 had alternating @entity1 , whereas @entity0 with @entity3 showed @entity1 . These quantitative results confirmed the qualitative clinical observations for both @entity0 groups, that is, that @entity0 with @entity3 had @entity7 in focusing attention, whereas those with @entity5 showed perseveration in attention focus.

title: Attention in XXXX and in @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The adaptive behavior of @entity0 beings is usually supported by rapid monitoring of outstanding events in the environment. Some investigators have suggested that a primary @entity1 might trigger symptoms of @entity3 . In addition, researchers have long discussed the relationship between @entity3 and the @entity6 ( @entity6 ). On the basis of these considerations, the objective of the present study was to investigate attention performance of @entity0 with both disorders. @entity0 age was 18 to 60 years, and all @entity0 had received formal schooling for at least four years. @entity0 were excluded if they had any @entity4 with neurologic or @entity2 comorbidity, or a history of brain surgery. The computer-assisted TAVIS-2R test was applied to all @entity0 and to a control group to evaluate and discriminate between selective, alternating and sustained attention. The TAVIS-2R test is divided into three parts: one for selective attention (5 min), the second for alternating attention (5 min), and the third for the evaluation of vigilance or sustained attention (10 min). The same computer software was used for statistical analysis of reaction time, omission errors, and commission errors. The sample consisted of 36 @entity0 with @entity3 , 28 with interictal @entity6 , and 47 healthy controls. The results of the selective attention tests for both @entity0 groups were significantly lower than that for controls. The @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity6 performed differently in the alternating and sustained attention tests: @entity0 with @entity6 had alternating @entity1 , whereas @entity0 with @entity3 showed @entity1 . These quantitative results confirmed the qualitative clinical observations for both @entity0 groups, that is, that @entity0 with @entity3 had @entity7 in focusing attention, whereas those with @entity5 showed perseveration in attention focus.

title: Attention in @entity3 and in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The SOS-induced DNA polymerases II and IV (pol II and pol IV, respectively) of @entity2 play important roles in processing lesions that occur in genomic DNA. Here we study how electrostatic and steric effects play different roles in influencing the efficiency and fidelity of DNA synthesis by these two enzymes. These effects were probed by the use of nonpolar shape analogues of @entity3 , in which substituted @entity8 replace the polar @entity5 base. We compared @entity5 with nonpolar analogues to evaluate the importance of @entity4 bonding in the polymerase active sites, while we used comparisons among a set of variably sized @entity5 analogues to measure the role of steric effects in the two enzymes. Steady-state kinetics measurements were carried out to evaluate activities for @entity1 insertion and extension. The results showed that both enzymes inserted nucleotides opposite nonpolar template bases with moderate to low efficiency, suggesting that both polymerases benefit from @entity4 bonding or other electrostatic effects involving the template base. Surprisingly, however, pol II inserted nonpolar @entity1 ( @entity7 ) analogues into a primer strand with high (wild-type) efficiency, while pol IV handled them with an extremely low efficiency. Base pair extension studies showed that both enzymes bypass non- @entity4 -bonding template bases with moderately low efficiency, suggesting a possible beneficial role of minor groove @entity4 bonding interactions at the N-1 position. Measurement of the two polymerases' sensitivity to steric size changes showed that both enzymes were relatively flexible, yielding only small kinetic differences with increases or decreases in @entity1 size. Comparisons are made to recent data for DNA pol I (Klenow fragment), the archaeal polymerase Dpo4, and @entity0 @entity6 .

title: Steric and electrostatic effects in DNA synthesis by the SOS-induced DNA polymerases II and IV of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Fundus autofluorescence (AF) imaging by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy has been widely used by ophthalmologists in the diagnosis/monitoring of various @entity2 . It is believed that fundus AF is derived from lipofuscin in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) cells; however, direct clinicopathological correlation has not been possible in @entity0 . We examined fundus AF by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and confocal microscopy in normal C57BL/6 @entity1 of different ages. Increasingly strong AF signals were observed with age in the neuroretina and subretinal/ @entity2 layer by confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy. Unlike fundus AF detected in normal @entity0 subjects, @entity1 fundus AF appeared as discrete foci distributed throughout the retina. Most of the AF signals in the neuroretina were distributed around retinal vessels. Confocal microscopy of retinal and choroid/ @entity2 flat mounts demonstrated that most of the AF signals were derived from @entity3 + perivascular and subretinal microglia. An age-dependent accumulation of @entity3 + microglia at the subretinal space was observed. Lipofuscin granules were detected in large numbers in subretinal microglia by electron microscopy. The number of AF+ microglia and the amount of AF granules/cell increased with age. AF granules/lipofuscin were also observed in @entity2 cells in @entity1 older than 12 months, but the number of AF+ @entity2 cells was very low (1.48 mm(-2) and 5.02 mm(-2) for 12 and 24 months, respectively) compared to the number of AF+ microglial cells (20.63 mm(-2) and 76.36 mm(-2) for 6 and 24 months, respectively). The fluorescence emission fingerprints of AF granules in subretinal microglia were the same as those in @entity2 cells. Our observation suggests that perivascular and subretinal microglia are the main cells producing lipofuscin in normal aged @entity1 retina and are responsible for in vivo fundus AF. Microglia may play an important role in retinal aging and age-related @entity2 .

title: Age-dependent accumulation of lipofuscin in perivascular and subretinal microglia in experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a rare occurrence after successful orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). Reuse of the liver graft may be considered. We report a successful OLT using such an organ in a 62-yr-old @entity0 with hematochromatosis-related @entity2 and @entity3 . METHODS: Liver donor was 56-yr-old @entity0 with normal liver function tests. First recipient was a 26-yr-old @entity0 with an @entity6 -induced @entity5 . Before OLT, she developed progressive @entity4 without obvious @entity8 on the cerebral CT-scan. The transplantation proceeded as planned and was uneventful. However, @entity0 exhibited bilateral non-reactive mydriasis during postoperative hours and was declared @entity7 . Transplanted liver was functioning adequately. Its reuse was discussed with her family and the second recipient. After informed consent, the transplanted liver and heart were harvested. First and second liver cold @entity1 times were 10 h and 75 min, respectively. RESULTS: Second recipient recovered uneventful and discharged 23 d after OLT. Liver function is still normal 30 months after OLT without rejection or @entity3 recurrence. CONCLUSION: Even after OLT, @entity7 remains possible in @entity5 . In absence of contraindications, reuse of transplanted liver allows for a rational use of already rare liver grafts.

title: Reuse of liver graft from a XXXX recipient.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Green pit viper bite is a common public health problem in Southeast Asia. Although most @entity0 experience only local swelling, some may suffer from severe systemic @entity2 that can be delayed. Venom antigenaemia was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and correlated with clinical findings in 42 @entity0 . Initial venom antigenaemia was not predictive enough for clinical uses. A kinetic study (n = 27) showed highest levels at presentation and, then, progressive decline. The average half-life was 27.5 h during the first three days and over 50 h on days 5-7 after bite. Two small subsets (7.4% each) showed persistently detectable venom on day 14 and a subsequent rise in venom antigenaemia. They were associated with prolonged thrombocytopaenia and @entity3 , respectively. These data demonstrated the long half-life of the venom, suggesting that waiting for spontaneous resolution of @entity3 is not preferable. In addition, the delayed venom disappearance, not the initial values, was correlated with @entity1 .

title: Green pit viper (Trimeresurus albolabris and T. macrops) venom antigenaemia and kinetics in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the radio-pathological features of @entity6 . METHOD: Forty six consecutive @entity0 from January 2000 to August 2005 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital with pathologic features of epithelioid cell @entity2 were enrolled in the study. RESULTS: All the cases were confirmed by pathological findings consistent with sarciodosis. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis showed that, the differential count of lymphocytes was 0.47 +/- 0.18, and the @entity3 (4)/ @entity3 (8) ratio was 6.63 +/- 4.51. Serum angiotensin converting enzyme level was (47 +/- 16) U/L. Chest computed tomography scan showed @entity5 (33%, 12/46), well circumscribed pulmonary nodules (35%, 16/46) distributed randomly or along the bronchovascular bundle, patchy areas of alveolar consolidation (28%, 13/46), and bilateral ground glass infiltrations (11%, 5/46). Open lung biopsy, video-assistant thoracoscopic biopsy or mediastinoscopic biopsy were performed in 13 @entity0 , and percutaneous lung biopsy or transbronchial lung biopsy in 33 @entity0 . The characteristic pathologic finding was noncaseating epithelioid cell @entity2 , which were embedded in the substance of hyalinization. The @entity2 were distributed around blood vessels, lymphatics, or in the bronchial submucosa. @entity4 was noted in some cases. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of @entity1 can be proposed by clinico-radiologic and BAL fluid findings. However, histologic evidence of noncaseating epithelioid cell @entity2 and the therapeutic efficacy of glucocorticoids are essential to the final diagnosis.

title: [Radio-pathological manifestations of XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: The bystander effect occurs when cells which are not directly exposed to radiation, but which receive signals from irradiated cells, respond as though they were irradiated. An X-ray induced bystander effect has been demonstrated in @entity7 gills. Therefore, a proteomic comparison was made of gills from X-ray treated trout and trout exposed to X-ray induced bystander signals. 2-D gel analysis revealed X-ray exposure increased the expression of the @entity0 related protein annexin II. The proteomic changes associated with the bystander effect differed from those associated with direct radiation exposure. Expression of a hemopexin-like protein, Rho @entity5 dissociation inhibitor (RhoGDI) and @entity3 dehydrogenase (PDH) were increased. These proteins possess protective properties against reactive @entity1 damage (a component of the bystander signal), regulate epithelial polarity and prevent @entity2 acidosis, respectively. There was also evidence for an increase in chromosome 1 @entity6 ( @entity6 ) protein turnover, which could suggest the protective response is transcriptionally regulated. The freshwater fish gill is a polarised barrier, separating against an external @entity4 environment. Since the maintenance of epithelial polarity is vital to gill function, these bystander effect proteomic changes could collectively protect the structural, functional and intracellular integrity of gill epithelia.

title: Evidence for a protective response by the gill proteome of XXXX exposed to X-ray induced bystander signals.

answer: @entity7


abstract: AIMS: Decreased total compliance of the pulmonary vascular bed is associated with increased mortality in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We investigated whether proximal pulmonary artery stiffness, in terms of area distensibility and noninvasively assessed relative area change (RAC), calculated as relative cross-sectional area change, predicts mortality in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Eighty-six subjects underwent right-heart catheterization and MRI to assess area distensibility and RAC. @entity0 were followed up to 48 months. Kaplan-Meier plot and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses assessed the predictive value of area distensibility and RAC. In 70 @entity0 , the diagnosis @entity1 was confirmed, and 16 subjects served as control subjects. In comparison with control subjects, proximal pulmonary arteries of @entity0 were distended (685 +/- 214 mm2 vs 411 +/- 153 mm2, p < 0.001), less distensible (area distensibility = 0.46 +/- 0.38.10(-2) mm Hg(-1) vs 3.69 +/- 1.96.10(-2) mm Hg(-1), p < 0.0001), and RAC was smaller (20 +/- 10% vs 58 +/- 21%, p < 0.0001) [mean +/- SD]. RAC showed an inverse curvilinear relation with mean pulmonary artery pressure (R2 = 0.47). Eighteen @entity0 (26%) died because of cardiopulmonary causes. @entity0 with a pulmonary artery RAC <or= 16% had a worse prognosis than those with a value > 16% (log-rank p < 0.001). RAC predicted mortality better than area distensibility. CONCLUSION: Noninvasively measured pulmonary artery RAC predicts mortality in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Noninvasively assessed pulmonary artery stiffness predicts XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We demonstrate a novel nonintrusive technique based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy to investigate @entity0 sinuses in vivo. The technique relies on the fact that free gases have spectral imprints that are about 10.000 times sharper than spectral structures of the surrounding tissue. Two gases are detected; molecular @entity1 at 760 nm and water vapor at 935 nm. Light is launched fiber optically into the tissue in close proximity to the particular maxillary sinus under study. When investigating the frontal sinuses, the fiber is positioned onto the caudal part of the frontal bone. Multiply scattered light in both cases is detected externally by a handheld probe. Molecular @entity1 is detected in the maxillary sinuses on 11 volunteers, of which one had constantly recurring sinus problems. Significant @entity1 absorption imprint differences can be observed between different volunteers and also left-right asymmetries. Water vapor can also be detected, and by normalizing the @entity1 signal on the water vapor signal, the sinus @entity1 concentration can be assessed. Gas exchange between the sinuses and the nasal cavity is also successfully demonstrated by flushing @entity2 through the nostril. Advantages over current ventilation assessment methods using ionizing radiation are pointed out.

title: Gas monitoring in XXXX sinuses using tunable diode laser spectroscopy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 resulting from @entity3 of peripheral nerves is not well understood and difficult to treat. Although CNS hyperexcitability is a critical component, recent findings challenge the neuron-centric view of @entity0 etiology and pathology. Indeed, glial cells were shown to play an active role in the initiation and maintenance of pain @entity2 . However, the origins of these cells and the triggers that induce their activation have yet to be elucidated. Here we show that, after @entity7 induced by a partial ligation on the sciatic nerve, in addition to activation of microglia resident to the CNS, hematogenous macrophage/monocyte infiltrate the spinal cord, proliferate, and differentiate into microglia. Signaling from chemokine @entity6 ( @entity6 , @entity6 ) to its receptor @entity9 is critical in the spinal microglial activation. Indeed, intrathecal injection of @entity6 caused activation of microglia in wild-type but not in @entity9 -deficient @entity1 . Furthermore, treatment with an @entity6 neutralizing antibody prevented bone marrow-derived microglia (BMDM) infiltration into the spinal cord after @entity4 . In addition, using selective knock-out of @entity9 in resident microglia or BMDM, we found that, although total @entity9 knock-out @entity1 did not develop microglial activation or mechanical @entity8 , @entity9 expression in either resident microglia or BMDM is sufficient for the development of mechanical @entity8 . Thus, to effectively relieve @entity0 , both CNS resident microglia and blood-borne macrophages need to be targeted. These findings also open the door for a novel therapeutic strategy: to take advantage of the natural ability of bone marrow-derived cells to infiltrate selectively affected CNS regions by using these cells as vehicle for targeted drug delivery to inhibit @entity2 and @entity5 .

title: Expression of XXXX in both resident and bone marrow-derived microglia plays a critical role in @entity0 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity0 resulting from @entity3 of peripheral nerves is not well understood and difficult to treat. Although CNS hyperexcitability is a critical component, recent findings challenge the neuron-centric view of @entity0 etiology and pathology. Indeed, glial cells were shown to play an active role in the initiation and maintenance of pain @entity2 . However, the origins of these cells and the triggers that induce their activation have yet to be elucidated. Here we show that, after @entity7 induced by a partial ligation on the sciatic nerve, in addition to activation of microglia resident to the CNS, hematogenous macrophage/monocyte infiltrate the spinal cord, proliferate, and differentiate into microglia. Signaling from chemokine @entity6 ( @entity6 , @entity6 ) to its receptor @entity9 is critical in the spinal microglial activation. Indeed, intrathecal injection of @entity6 caused activation of microglia in wild-type but not in @entity9 -deficient @entity1 . Furthermore, treatment with an @entity6 neutralizing antibody prevented bone marrow-derived microglia (BMDM) infiltration into the spinal cord after @entity4 . In addition, using selective knock-out of @entity9 in resident microglia or BMDM, we found that, although total @entity9 knock-out @entity1 did not develop microglial activation or mechanical @entity8 , @entity9 expression in either resident microglia or BMDM is sufficient for the development of mechanical @entity8 . Thus, to effectively relieve @entity0 , both CNS resident microglia and blood-borne macrophages need to be targeted. These findings also open the door for a novel therapeutic strategy: to take advantage of the natural ability of bone marrow-derived cells to infiltrate selectively affected CNS regions by using these cells as vehicle for targeted drug delivery to inhibit @entity2 and @entity5 .

title: Expression of @entity9 in both resident and bone marrow-derived microglia plays a critical role in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: RATIONALE: The goal for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) elimination in the United States is a @entity2 disease incidence of less than 1 per million U.S. population by 2010, which requires that the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) prevalence be less than 1% and decreasing. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the prevalence of @entity3 in the U.S. population. METHODS AND MEASUREMENTS: Interviews and medical examinations, including @entity1 ( @entity1 ), of 7,386 individuals were conducted in 1999-2000 as part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), a nationally representative sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. population. @entity3 was defined as a @entity1 measurement of >/=10 mm. Associations of age, race/ethnicity, sex, poverty, and birthplace were assessed. Results among the 24- to 74-year-old subgroup were compared with NHANES 1971-1972 data. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Estimated @entity3 prevalence was 4.2%; an estimated 11,213,000 individuals had @entity3 . Among 25- to 74-year-olds, prevalence decreased from 14.3% in 1971-1972 to 5.7% in 1999-2000. Higher prevalences were seen in the foreign born (18.7%), non-Hispanic blacks/African Americans (7.0%), Mexican Americans (9.4%), and individuals living in poverty (6.1%). A total of 63% of @entity3 was among the foreign born. Among the U.S. born, after adjusting for confounding factors, @entity3 was associated with non-Hispanic African-American race/ethnicity, Mexican American ethnicity, and poverty. A total of 25.5% of @entity0 with @entity3 had been previously diagnosed as having @entity3 or @entity2 , and only 13.2% had been prescribed treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In addition to basic @entity2 control measures, elimination strategies should include targeted evaluation and treatment of individuals in high-prevalence groups, as well as enhanced support for global @entity2 prevention and control.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in the United States population: the national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999-2000.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite rigorous efforts, @entity5 remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity0 who survive their initial @entity2 . In cases of @entity3 associated with @entity5 , we evaluated the effectiveness of combined embolization of an @entity1 and intra-arterial infusion of @entity6 , which continued during the entire procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity0 with @entity3 associated with @entity5 who were treated in a single session were reviewed retrospectively. After initial intra-arterial infusion of @entity6 (1-2 mg within 10-15 minutes), they underwent occlusion of the @entity1 with coils under continuous intra-arterial infusion of @entity6 at a dose of 1 mg per hour. RESULTS: Angiography showed severe proximal @entity5 in 1 @entity0 , proximal and distal in 3 @entity0 , and distal in 3 @entity0 . There was also moderate proximal @entity5 in 4 @entity0 , proximal and distal in 1 @entity0 , and distal in 1 @entity0 . Complete occlusion of the @entity1 was achieved in 5 @entity0 , incomplete occlusion in 3 @entity0 , and a small neck remnant in 2 @entity0 . Final angiograms also demonstrated complete clearance of a proximal @entity4 in 4 @entity0 , and complete clearance of proximal and distal spasms in another 4 @entity0 . Mean initial dose of @entity6 was 1.375 mg, and mean continuous infusion dose was 1.275 mg (mean total dose, 2.65 mg). No medical complications related to extended infusion of @entity6 occurred. CONCLUSION: In this small series, extended intra-arterial infusion of @entity6 up to the end of the embolization procedure was effective and safe in @entity0 with a ruptured @entity1 and associated @entity5 . This technique seems to increase the security of the procedure as well as force further vasorelaxation when the endovascular route is used to treat both the @entity1 and @entity5 in a single step.

title: Continuous intra-arterial infusion of XXXX during embolization of cerebral aneurysms associated with @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Despite rigorous efforts, @entity5 remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in @entity0 who survive their initial @entity2 . In cases of @entity3 associated with @entity5 , we evaluated the effectiveness of combined embolization of an @entity1 and intra-arterial infusion of @entity6 , which continued during the entire procedure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity0 with @entity3 associated with @entity5 who were treated in a single session were reviewed retrospectively. After initial intra-arterial infusion of @entity6 (1-2 mg within 10-15 minutes), they underwent occlusion of the @entity1 with coils under continuous intra-arterial infusion of @entity6 at a dose of 1 mg per hour. RESULTS: Angiography showed severe proximal @entity5 in 1 @entity0 , proximal and distal in 3 @entity0 , and distal in 3 @entity0 . There was also moderate proximal @entity5 in 4 @entity0 , proximal and distal in 1 @entity0 , and distal in 1 @entity0 . Complete occlusion of the @entity1 was achieved in 5 @entity0 , incomplete occlusion in 3 @entity0 , and a small neck remnant in 2 @entity0 . Final angiograms also demonstrated complete clearance of a proximal @entity4 in 4 @entity0 , and complete clearance of proximal and distal spasms in another 4 @entity0 . Mean initial dose of @entity6 was 1.375 mg, and mean continuous infusion dose was 1.275 mg (mean total dose, 2.65 mg). No medical complications related to extended infusion of @entity6 occurred. CONCLUSION: In this small series, extended intra-arterial infusion of @entity6 up to the end of the embolization procedure was effective and safe in @entity0 with a ruptured @entity1 and associated @entity5 . This technique seems to increase the security of the procedure as well as force further vasorelaxation when the endovascular route is used to treat both the @entity1 and @entity5 in a single step.

title: Continuous intra-arterial infusion of @entity6 during embolization of cerebral aneurysms associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) represent one of the most dangerous types of intracranial AV shunts. Most of them are cured by @entity4 , but surgery/radiosurgery can be required in case of failure. Our goal was to reconsider the endovascular treatment strategy according to the new possibilities of @entity8 using non polymerizing liquid embolic agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty @entity0 were included in a prospective study during the interval between July 2003 and November 2006. Ten of these had type II, 8 had type III, and 12 had type IV @entity3 . Sixteen presented with @entity5 . Five had been treated previously with other embolic materials. RESULTS: Complete angiographic cure was obtained in 24 cases. Of these 24 cures, 20 were achieved after a single procedure. Cures were achieved in 23 of 25 @entity0 who had not been embolized previously and in only 1 of 5 previously embolized @entity0 . Among these 24 @entity0 , 23 underwent a follow-up angiography, which has confirmed the complete cure. Partial occlusion was obtained in 6 @entity0 , 2 were cured after additional surgery, and 2 underwent radiosurgery. Onyx volume injected per procedure ranged from 0.5 to 12.2 mL (mean, 2.45 mL). Rebleeding occurred in 1 completely cured @entity0 at day 2 due to draining vein @entity6 . One @entity0 had @entity2 that resolved. Two ethmoidal @entity9 were occluded. All 10 of the @entity0 with @entity1 and then CVR drainage were cured. CONCLUSION: Based on this experience, we believe that Onyx may be the treatment of choice for many @entity0 with intracranial @entity9 (ICDAVF) with direct cortical @entity7 (CVR). The applicability of this new embolic agent indicates the need for reconsideration of the global treatment strategy for such @entity3 .

title: Endovascular treatment of intracranial XXXX with cortical venous drainage: new management using Onyx.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the overall survival of @entity1 with brain metastases due to @entity0 and to identify prognostic factors that affect clinical outcome. METHODS: Of the 7,872 @entity0 @entity1 histologically diagnosed with @entity0 between January 1990 and July 2006 at the Asan Medical Center, 198 @entity1 with solitary or multiple brain metastases were included in this retrospective study. Central nervous system (CNS) lesions were diagnosed by computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). @entity1 with leptomeningeal or dural metastases without co-existent parenchymal metastatic lesions were excluded in this study. We reviewed the medical records and pathologic data of these 198 @entity1 to characterize the clinical features and outcomes. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity1 at the diagnosis of brain metastases was 45 years (range 26-78 years). Fifty-five @entity1 (28%) had a single brain @entity2 , whereas 143 (72%) had more than two metastases. A total of 157 (79.2%) @entity1 received whole-brain radiation therapy (WBRT). A total of 7 (3.6%) @entity1 underwent resection of solitary brain metastases, 22 (11%) @entity1 underwent gamma-knife surgery, three @entity1 underwent intrathecal chemotherapy (1.5%) and 9 (4.6%) @entity1 received no treatment. The overall median survival time was 5.6 months (95% confidence interval (CI), 4.7-6.5 months) and 23.1% of the @entity1 survived for more than 1 year. The median overall survival time was 5.4 months for @entity1 treated with WBRT, 14.9 months for @entity1 treated with surgery or gamma-knife surgery only, and 2.1 months for @entity1 who received no treatment (P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (relative risk (RR) = 0.704, 95% CI 0.482-1.028, P = 0.069), number of brain metastases (RR = 0.682, 95% CI 0.459-1.014, P = 0.058), treatment modalities (RR = 1.686, 95% CI 1.022-2.781, P = 0.041), and systemic chemotherapy after brain metastases (RR = 1.871, 95% CI 1.353-2.586, P < 0.001) were independent factors associated with survival. CONCLUSION: Although survival of @entity0 @entity1 with brain metastases was generally short, the performance status, number of brain metastases, treatment modalities and systemic chemotherapy after brain metastases were significantly associated with survival. @entity1 with single-brain @entity2 and good performance status deserve aggressive treatment. The characteristics of initial primary breast lesions did not affect survival after brain @entity2 .

title: Brain metastases in XXXX : prognostic factors and management.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 have increased significantly in the past decade. An accurate history is crucial in approaching the management. At the outset, food intolerance must be distinguished from @entity6 and, furthermore, these @entity3 should be classified into either an IgE, Non-IgE, or a mixed response. The clinical features vary from life-threatening @entity4 to milder IgE-mediated responses, @entity2 , and @entity1 . The severity of the reaction and the potential risk for @entity4 on reexposure should be assessed. Milk, soy, egg, @entity5 , and @entity7 are common in @entity0 , whereas peanut, tree nut, fish, shell fish @entity3 , and @entity3 to fruits and vegetables are common in adults. Structural proteins are important determinants of the severity of the reactions and may often predict the natural history and cross reactivity. Diagnostic work up must be guided by the clinical history. Skin testing and food-specific IgE done by standard methods are very useful, whereas oral challenges may be indicated in some situations. Majority of the @entity0 outgrow their @entity3 to milk, soy, egg, and @entity5 , and some to peanut also, therefore, @entity0 should be periodically reassessed. Novel diagnostic techniques which detect specific allergenic epitopes have been developed. Several newer therapies are promising.

title: XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 have increased significantly in the past decade. An accurate history is crucial in approaching the management. At the outset, food intolerance must be distinguished from @entity6 and, furthermore, these @entity3 should be classified into either an IgE, Non-IgE, or a mixed response. The clinical features vary from life-threatening @entity4 to milder IgE-mediated responses, @entity2 , and @entity1 . The severity of the reaction and the potential risk for @entity4 on reexposure should be assessed. Milk, soy, egg, @entity5 , and @entity7 are common in @entity0 , whereas peanut, tree nut, fish, shell fish @entity3 , and @entity3 to fruits and vegetables are common in adults. Structural proteins are important determinants of the severity of the reactions and may often predict the natural history and cross reactivity. Diagnostic work up must be guided by the clinical history. Skin testing and food-specific IgE done by standard methods are very useful, whereas oral challenges may be indicated in some situations. Majority of the @entity0 outgrow their @entity3 to milk, soy, egg, and @entity5 , and some to peanut also, therefore, @entity0 should be periodically reassessed. Novel diagnostic techniques which detect specific allergenic epitopes have been developed. Several newer therapies are promising.

title: @entity6 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Bladder @entity2 is a difficult condition to treat. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess the effectiveness of various complementary therapies available for treatment. METHODS: This review was conducted in adherence with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. Citations were retrieved using a comprehensive database search (from inception to July 2014: CINAHL, Cochrane, EMBASE, Medline and SIGEL and grey literature). Studies that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were selected. Eligibility consisted of @entity0 with bladder @entity2 , an intervention of alternative/complementary therapies and an outcome of improvement of symptoms. Information regarding study characteristics and primary outcomes was collated. The Cochrane risk of bias scale was used to evaluate the quality of the studies included. RESULTS: A total of 1,454 citations were identified, 11 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria (4 @entity1 [ @entity1 ] and 7 prospective studies). The key interventions studied were acupuncture, relaxation therapy, physical therapy, @entity4 -rich therapy, diet and @entity3 synthetase. CONCLUSION: Therapies with the potential for benefit in @entity0 with bladder @entity2 are dietary management, acupuncture and physical therapy. These findings were obtained from small studies and hence caution is advised. Robustly designed multicentre @entity1 on these complementary therapies are needed to guide @entity0 and clinicians.

title: Complementary therapies for bladder XXXX : a systematic review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: CWR22 is a @entity0 xenograft model of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) that is often utilized to study castration recurrent (CR) @entity4 . CWR22 recapitulates clinical response to @entity5 deprivation therapy (ADT), in that @entity2 regress in response to castration, but can recur after a period of time. METHODS: Two cohorts of @entity3 , totaling 117 @entity3 were implanted with CWR22, allowed to develop @entity2 , castrated by pellet removal and followed for a period of 32 and 50 weeks. @entity3 presenting with @entity2 >2.0   cm(3) at the primary site, moribund appearance, or palpable masses other than the primary @entity2 were sacrificed prior to the endpoint of the study. Tumor tissue, serum, and abnormal lesions were collected upon necropsy and analyzed by IHC, H_E, and PCR for presence of metastatic lesions arising from CWR22. RESULTS: Herein, we report that CWR22 progresses after castration from a primary, hormonal therapy-na  ve @entity2 to @entity1 in 20% of castrated @entity3 . Histological examination of CWR22 @entity2 revealed distinct pathologies that correlated with metastatic outcome after castration. CONCLUSION: This is the first report and characterization of spontaneous @entity1 in the CWR22 model, thus, CWR22 is a bona-fide model of clinical @entity4 representing the full progression from @entity5 -sensitive, primary @entity4 to metastatic CR- @entity4 . Prostate 76:359-368, 2016.    2015 The Authors. The Prostate published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Metastatic phenotype in CWR22 XXXX xenograft following castration.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Systematic screening for optimal formulation composition and production parameters for nanosuspensions consumes a lot of time and also drug material when performed at lab scale. Therefore, a cost-effective miniaturized scale top down approach for @entity1 by wet bead milling was developed. The final set-up consisted of 3 magnetic stirring bars placed vertically one over the other in a 2mL glass vial and agitated by a common magnetic stirring plate. All of the tested actives ( @entity0 , @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity3 and @entity5 ) could be converted to nanosuspensions. For 4 of them, the particles sizes achieved were smaller than previously reported on the literature (around 90nm for @entity0 ; 50nm for @entity4 ; 160nm for @entity6 and 80nm for @entity3 ). The "transferability" of the data collect by the miniaturized method was evaluated comparing the production at larger scale using both wet bead milling and high pressure homogenization. Transferable information obtained from the miniaturized scale is minimum achievable size, improvements in size reduction by reduction of beads size, diminution kinetics and potentially occurring instabilities during processing. The small scale batches also allow identification of optimal stabilizer types and concentrations. The batch size is 0.5mL, requiring approximately 50mg or 5mg of drug (5% and 1% suspension, respectively). Thus, a simple, accessible, low-cost miniaturized scale method for the production of pharmaceutical nanocrystals was established.

title: Simple low-cost miniaturization approach for pharmaceutical XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Intraductal @entity5 (IPMNs) are rare @entity1 rising from the pancreatic duct epithelium. They are characterized by intraductal papillary growth and thick @entity4 secretion; @entity4 fills the Wirsung and/or branch pancreatic ducts and may cause @entity2 . IPMNs are classified into three types, according to the site of involvement: main duct type, branch duct type, and combined type. Most branch type IPMNs are benign, while the other two types are frequently malignant. Recent advances in diagnostic imaging have led to an increased frequency of diagnosis of IPMNs, but the clinical features of them can range broadly from benign, borderline, and malignant non-invasive to invasive lesions, and their management has not yet been clearly defined. The most of @entity0 are asymptomatic. The possibility of @entity1 is increased in cases which large mural nodules are presented. Presence of a large branch type IPMN and marked dilatation of the main duct indicate the existence of @entity3 . Not infrequently, synchronous or @entity1 may be developed in various organs. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), intraductal ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) are the most valuable imaging techniques for diagnosis of these lesions. Prognosis is excellent after complete resection of benign and non-invasive malignant IPMNs. Total pancreatectomy should be reserved for @entity0 with resectable but extensive IPMN involving the whole pancreas; its benefits must be balanced against perioperative risks.

title: [Presentation, treatment and prognosis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore an improved surgical approach to the superior posterior partial resection of the fractured vertebral body followed by the single segmental fusion to treat lumbar burst @entity1 and to evaluate its preliminary clinical application. METHODS: From June to October 2006, 4 @entity0 (2 males, 2 females; age, 17-39 years ) with Denis B type lumbar burst @entity1 underwent the superior posterior partial resection of the fractured vertebral body followed by the single segmental fusion. The @entity1 occurred in 2 @entity0 at @entity3 at L2. According to the Frankel scales assessment, before operation, 2 @entity0 were at Grade B and the other 2 at Grade C, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) was 7.00 +/- 0.82. Radiological evaluation was performed, which revealed the kyphosis Cobb angel of 22.94 +/- 11.21 degrees, the adjacent superior and the inferior intervertebal disc heights of 12.78 +/- 1.52 mm and 11.68 +/- 1.04 mm, respectively, and the vertebral canal sagittal diameter of 9.56 +/- 2.27 mm on the computer tomography (CT) scan. The neurological and the radiological evaluations were also made immediately and 3 months after operation. RESULTS: The anterior single segmental decompression and fusion operations were performed successfully in all the @entity0 . The average operating time was 166 +/- 29 min and the average amount of @entity2 was 395 +/- 54 ml. The Frankel scales assessment showed that at the time immediately after operation, one of the 2 Grade B @entity0 had an improvement to Grade C, but the other @entity0 had no improvement. One of the 2 Grade C @entity0 had an improvement to Grade D, but the other @entity0 had no improvement. Three months after operation, the 2 Grade B @entity0 had an improvement to Grade C. The 2 grade C @entity0 had an improvement to Grade D or E. The VAS score was significantly decreased to 3.50 +/- 1.29 after operation and to 1.25 +/- 0.50 3 months later (P < 0.05). The vertebral canal sagittal diameter was significantly increased to 19.76 +/- 3.82 mm (P < 0.01), but it was maintained to 19.27 + 3.41 mm 3 months later, with no significant difference( P > 0.05). The @entity0 ' kyphosis Cobb angle was significantly improved to 8.71 +/- 5.41 degrees (P < 0.05) , but it was maintained to 9.52 +/- 5. 66 degrees 3 months later, with no significant difference (P > 0.05). The heights of the adjacent discs remained unchanged. No complication was observed during and after operation, and the radiological and the CT scanning evaluations 3 months later showed no failure of the internal fixation. CONCLUSION: The superior and posterior partial resection of the fractured vertebral body followed by the single segmental fusion can effectively decompress the vertebral canal and maintain the spine stability in treatment of the Denis B type @entity1 though the long-term effectiveness requires a further follow-up.

title: [Anterior single segmental decompression and fusion to treat lumbar burst XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Immunoperoxidase techniques for demonstration of complement split product C4d on @entity2 -embedded endomyocardial biopsy samples have been used for the evaluation of humoral rejection mainly in adult heart transplantation. Interpretation of suspected humoral rejection in @entity0 requires knowledge of the pattern and frequency of C4d deposition in nonpresensitized pediatric heart transplantation @entity0 . @entity2 -embedded endomyocardial biopsy samples of 65 @entity0 with no rejection, acute cellular rejection (ACR), or early @entity1 /reperfusion injury were studied. Six biopsies within each grade of ACR both early (<6 months) and late (>6 months) after heart transplantation were reviewed, as were 5 biopsies of @entity1 /reperfusion injury. None of the subjects was sensitized prior to transplant. All slides were blindly evaluated for histologic features traditionally associated with humoral rejection. C4d staining was quantified by counting the number of positive capillaries in 10 random high-power fields (hpf). C4d positivity (C4d+) was defined as >10 capillaries/10 hpf. C4d+ was observed in 6 (9%) endomyocardial biopsy samples; 2 in the early and 4 in the late ACR groups. Four had ACR grades 1A/B, and 2 had grade 3B/4. Thirteen (20%) endomyocardial biopsy samples had histologic features suggestive of humoral rejection. Of these, only 2 were C4d+ and both had ACR grade 3B/4. No C4d+ staining was found in the @entity1 /reperfusion injury group. C4d immunostaining was negative in endomyocardial biopsy samples of the majority of our @entity0 (91%). Endomyocardial biopsy samples with C4d+ did not show consistent ACR grade or time specificity. Contrary to previously reported data, none of the @entity1 /reperfusion injury endomyocardial biopsy samples was C4d+, and histologic features alone were poor predictors of C4d+.

title: Characterization of c4d immunostaining utilizing paraffin-embedded tissue of nonpresensitized pediatric heart transplant XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acute enterovirus (EV) @entity1 is a frequent cause of hospitalisation, and over 100 EV serotypes may be involved. A total of 215 @entity0 of all ages with @entity1 signs were investigated in 2 Tunisian hospitals. Their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was analysed retrospectively for EVs with a TaqMan real-time RT-qPCR. The virus strains were typed, and their evolutionary relationships were determined by Bayesian phylogenetic methods. An EV genome was detected in 21/215 @entity0 (9.8%). The CSF viral loads ranged from 3.27 to 5.63 log10 genome copies/mL. The strains were identified in 13/21 @entity0 and assigned to EV-B types. Viruses identified in Tunisian @entity0 were genetically related to variants detected in France. The viral loads were similar in Tunisian and French @entity0 for most EV types. The phylogenetic data and viral loads determined in Tunisian and French @entity0 suggest that close EV variants were involved in @entity2 in the 2 countries over a same period.

title: XXXX in Tunisia (Monastir, Mahdia, 2011-2013): identification of virus variants cocirculating in France.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Firearm injuries impose a continuous economic burden on society and hospital resources. The aim of this study was to assess the pattern of @entity1 among victims of gunshots. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics, Dow University of Health Sciences and Civil Hospital Karachi from January 2011 to December 2012. @entity0 with isolated @entity1 were included while @entity0 with other @entity2 were excluded. RESULTS: There were 90 cases and the majority of them were male (84.4%). Mean age was (32.52    10.27) years. Most of the @entity0 (72.2%) belong to the younger age group. A low velocity weapon was used in 61 (67.8%) cases and a high velocity weapon was used in 29 (32.2%) cases. Armed robbery (64.4%) was the cause of conflict in more than half of the cases. Lower limb was involved in 72.2%. Fifty eight (64.4%) @entity0 remained hospitalized for 15e20 days and others for more than 20 days. Internal fixation with intramedullary nailing was done in 35 @entity0 while K-wire was used in 5 @entity0 . Fifty @entity0 were managed with external fixation, either uniplanar or multiplanar ilizarov. @entity3 and nonunion were observed more often in high velocity injuries. CONCLUSION: Armed robbery was the leading cause of gunshot @entity1 in our hospital. Young males were victimized in a majority of cases. High velocity injuries were associated with more complications.

title: Pattern of XXXX among civilian gunshot victims at tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 causing @entity4 are usually macroadenomas at the time of diagnosis, and they can grow aggressively, infiltrating surrounding tissues. @entity1 removal at surgery can lead toward a strong tendency for recurrence, making it necessary to consider a means of treatment other than those currently used such as @entity3 analogs (SSAs), @entity5 antagonist, surgical removal, and radiotherapy. The purpose of this paper is to describe a @entity0 diagnosed with an aggressive, @entity1 refractory to medical therapy but ultimately treated with the radiolabeled @entity3 analog (90)Y-DOTATATE. A 26-year-old male with an invasive macroadenoma of the pituitary gland (5.6 * 2.5 * 3.6 cm) and biochemically confirmed @entity4 underwent 2 partial @entity1 resections: the first used the transsphenoidal approach and the second used the transcranial method. The @entity0 received SSAs pre- and postoperatively. Because of the progression in @entity2 size, he underwent classic irradiation of the @entity1 (50 Gy). One and a half years later, the @entity0 presented with clinically and biochemically active disease, and the @entity1 size was still 52 mm in diameter (height). Two neurosurgeons disqualified him from further surgical procedures. After confirming the presence of @entity3 receptors in the @entity2 by using @entity7 PET/CT, we treated the @entity0 4 times with an SSA bound with (90)Y-DOTATATE. After this treatment, the @entity0 attained partial biochemical remission and a reduction in the @entity1 mass for the first time. Treatment with an SSA bound with @entity8 may be a promising option for some aggressive @entity6 when other methods have failed.

title: Growth hormone-secreting macroadenoma of the pituitary gland successfully treated with the radiolabeled XXXX analog (90)Y-DOTATATE: case report.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A total of 69 soil samples from 20 community gardens in New York City (New York, USA) were collected and analyzed for 23 @entity1 ( @entity2 ) and black @entity0 . For each garden, samples were collected from nongrowing areas (non-bed) and from vegetable-growing beds, including beds with and without visible sources of @entity2 . The sum of the US Environmental Protection Agency's 16 priority @entity2 ranged up to 150   mg/kg, and the median (5.4   mg/kg) and mean (14.2   mg/kg) were similar to those previously reported for urban areas in the northeast United States. Isomer ratios indicated that the main sources of @entity2 were petroleum, coal, and wood combustion. The @entity2 concentrations were significantly and positively associated with black @entity0 and with modeled air @entity2 concentrations, suggesting a consistent relationship between historical deposition of atmospheric @entity0 -adsorbed @entity2 and current @entity2 soil concentrations. Median @entity2 soil concentration from non-bed areas was higher (7.4   mg/kg) than median concentration from beds in the same garden (4.0   mg/kg), and significantly higher than the median from beds without visible sources of @entity2 (3.5   mg/kg). Median @entity2 concentration in beds from gardens with records of soil amendments was 58% lower compared with beds from gardens without those records. These results suggest that gardening practices in garden beds without visible sources of @entity2 contribute to reduce @entity2 soil concentrations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:357-367.    2015 SETAC.

title: Concentrations of XXXX in New York City community garden soils: Potential sources and influential factors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recently there has been widening stream of research on the relationships between @entity1 and @entity2 . @entity0 with @entity1 seem to be prone to developing @entity3 and they present with specific personality traits. The aim of this study was to analyze the associations between @entity1 , @entity3 features, and personality traits. @entity0 AND METHODS: A nested case-control study was performed. @entity0 with @entity1 constituted the sample of cases (N = 90), and healthy individuals were ascribed to the control group (N = 70). The lifetime presence of @entity3 features was analyzed with the @entity5 Questionnaire (MDQ), while personality traits were assessed with the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI). RESULTS: Bipolarity features were more prevalent in the @entity0 with @entity1 , as compared to healthy individuals. @entity0 with @entity1 had both higher mean value of MDQ score (p = 0.01) and a higher proportion of subjects with MDQ score >=  7 points (p = 0.012) as well as lower score on the NEO-FFI openness to experience (p > 0.001), compared to control subjects. Using multivariate model, in @entity0 with @entity1 , a significant positive correlation between @entity3 and @entity4 , and negative with agreeableness and conscientiousness was established. Such relationship was not observed in control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: In the population of @entity0 with @entity1 , there is a specific combination between @entity3 and personality traits (high-trait @entity4 , low-trait conscientiousness, and low-trait agreeableness). This may have some consequences for both pharmacological and psychological management of such @entity0 .

title: Relationships between XXXX , bipolar spectrum features, and personality traits: a case-control study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study reported here discusses the duration of the generalized @entity2 (GTCS) among @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: The study was done by analyzing the data from @entity0 who had undergone video-EEG in 2009 and had GTCS during the monitoring. The @entity0 were selected for the @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Once they met the criteria, the durations of all the phases were measured, then discussed if there were any difference in duration for @entity1 . RESULTS: On comparison of the total duration of various types of @entity2 it was found that the duration of @entity5 (177    212.6 sec.) was significantly different from the duration of @entity3 (104.6    51.8 sec.) and @entity4 (63.9    28.2 sec.). It can be found in the comparison of GTCS that the duration of phase 6,7 of @entity5 (63.5    30.9 sec.) was statistically significant compared with @entity3 (37.3    13.8 sec.) and @entity4 (46.4    30.1 sec.). The duration of various types of @entity1 in the generalized tonic-clonic period was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Through this study, we found the differences of the duration of different types of @entity1 that provide the clinical basis for further studies of @entity2 mechanism and neural network conduction.

title: The electroclinical-semiology of generalized XXXX among @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The study reported here discusses the duration of the generalized @entity2 (GTCS) among @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: The study was done by analyzing the data from @entity0 who had undergone video-EEG in 2009 and had GTCS during the monitoring. The @entity0 were selected for the @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Once they met the criteria, the durations of all the phases were measured, then discussed if there were any difference in duration for @entity1 . RESULTS: On comparison of the total duration of various types of @entity2 it was found that the duration of @entity5 (177    212.6 sec.) was significantly different from the duration of @entity3 (104.6    51.8 sec.) and @entity4 (63.9    28.2 sec.). It can be found in the comparison of GTCS that the duration of phase 6,7 of @entity5 (63.5    30.9 sec.) was statistically significant compared with @entity3 (37.3    13.8 sec.) and @entity4 (46.4    30.1 sec.). The duration of various types of @entity1 in the generalized tonic-clonic period was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Through this study, we found the differences of the duration of different types of @entity1 that provide the clinical basis for further studies of @entity2 mechanism and neural network conduction.

title: The electroclinical-semiology of generalized @entity2 among XXXX .

answer: @entity1