abstract: BACKGROUND: Continuous monitoring blood culture systems (CMBCS) now allow for more rapid detection of microbial growth. We aimed to determine whether a 36-hour period was sufficient to detect all blood cultures positive for pathogenic bacteria in @entity0 0 to 90 days old undergoing a septic workup in the emergency department of a tertiary care pediatric center. METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of all positive blood cultures collected in these @entity0 over a 5-year time period (from March 13, 2008 to July 29, 2013). Bottles were incubated in a CMBCS. The @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was calculated from time of blood culture registration into the laboratory system to time of Gram stain. Medical charts were reviewed for relevant clinical information. Cultures were classified as pathogenic or contaminant using microorganism type and clinical presentation. RESULTS: Three thousand five hundred fifty-nine blood cultures were collected. Of these, 98 (2.8%) were positive. Fifty-two (53.1%) were deemed pathogenic and 46 (46.9%) were deemed contaminant, for a true prevalence of @entity2 of 1.5%. At 24, 36, 48, and 50 hours, 87.8% (86 of 98), 96.9% (95 of 98), 99% (97 of 98), and 100% (98 of 98) of all cultures were positive. Considering only pathogenic organisms, 96.1% (50 of 52) and 100% (52 of 52) were positive at 24 and 36 hours. Mean @entity1 for pathogens and contaminants was 14.40 and 23.18 hours, respectively (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: An incubation period of 36 hours is sufficient to detect 100% of blood cultures positive for a pathogenic organism in our population.

title: Time to Positivity of Blood Cultures in XXXX 0 to 90 Days Old Presenting to the Emergency Department: Is 36 Hours Enough?

answer: @entity0


abstract: Between 1981 and 1985 we carried out a study in two medium-sized nonteaching community hospitals to determine the rate of deterioration of knowledge and skills in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) among physicians and nurses, the accuracy of their perceptions of their knowledge and skills, the effects of practice on retention and the effect of CPR training on mortality. The @entity0 ' knowledge and skills were measured before training and immediately after, 6 months after and 12 months after training. Information on all attempts at CPR involving hospital staff was collected from medical records and from interviews with the @entity0 . A total of 31 physicians and 54 nurses were followed during the study. Six months after training there was no difference in CPR knowledge or skills between the physicians and the nurses. In both groups CPR skills had deteriorated to near pretraining levels. By 6 months the physicians' knowledge had deteriorated to a level not significantly different from that before training. The nurses maintained a significant improvement in knowledge test scores at 12 months over those before training (p = 0.037). The physicians had an accurate perception of their knowledge but not their skills 6 months and 12 months after training, whereas the nurses did not accurately perceive either their knowledge or their skills after training. Experience with CPR did not contribute to post-training knowledge or skills in either group. There was no evidence that @entity1 rates were lower when @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was begun by trained staff than when it was begun by untrained staff. The probability of survival was greater when @entity2 was begun within 4 minutes of arrest than when it was begun after 4 minutes, regardless of whether advanced cardiac life support was begun within 10 minutes.

title: Effects of training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation on competence and XXXX outcome.

answer: @entity0


abstract: RATIONALE: First episode @entity0 and @entity0 with @entity1 exhibit increased rates of @entity3 use compared to the general population. Contrary to what has been reported in studies with healthy @entity0 , most of the published studies so far have reported no impairments or even beneficial effects on neurocognition associated with @entity3 consumption in @entity2 @entity0 . However, these studies did not address the effects of very high @entity3 consumption. OBJECTIVES: Our aim in this study was to assess the effects on neurocognition of medium and heavy @entity3 consumption in first @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: A total of 74 @entity0 were included in the study and assigned to three different groups according to their mean @entity3 consumption during the last year (non-users, medium users, and heavy users). @entity0 were administered verbal memory and other neurocognitive tasks. RESULTS: Heavy @entity3 users were significantly impaired in all the verbal memory measures with respect to non-users, including immediate (p   =   .026), short-term (p   =   .005), and long-term (p   =   .002) memory. There were no significant differences between medium and non-users. Moreover, non-users performed better than all @entity3 users in the arithmetic task (p   =   .020). Heavy @entity3 consumption was associated with more commission errors in the continuous performance task (CPT) (p   =   .008) and more time to complete trail making test A (TMT-A) (p   =   .008), compared to the group of medium users. CONCLUSIONS: Heavy @entity3 consumption seems to impair verbal memory in first @entity2 @entity0 . Heavy users also perform worse than medium users in other neurocognitive tasks. Based on the results and the available evidence, a dose-related effect of @entity3 consumption is suggested.

title: Cannabis use and cognitive function in first episode XXXX : differential effect of heavy use.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We describe the case of an elderly @entity0 whose symptoms and electrocardiographic pattern initially suggested acute @entity1 . The value for total serum @entity2 kinase (EC 2.7.3.2; CK) was 737 U/L (reference interval: 22-269 U/L), and electrophoresis for CK isoenzymes demonstrated two bands, the more anodal migrating to the CK-MB region and the second migrating between the CK-MB and CK-MM regions. The above-normal total CK and electrophoretic pattern persisted during her 11-day hospital course. The QuiCK-MB (International Immunoassay Labs.) and Tandem-E CK-MB (Hybritech) immunoassays, however, showed CK-MB mass measurements within the normal range. In further investigation with a mixture of patient's serum and human-serum-based control containing all CK isoenzymes, the electrophoretic mobility of only @entity4 was altered, proving that the patient had antibody to the B unit of CK in her serum. Immunofixation revealed the more anodal band to be a CK-IgA lambda complex, and the more cathodal band, a CK-IgG kappa complex. Mixing the patient's serum with polyclonal antibody specific for @entity4 slowed the electrophoretic mobility of only the more anodal band. Polyclonal antibody specific for @entity5 had no effect on either band. Evidently, this @entity0 had two different types of macro CK type 1, both containing @entity4 . We conclude that macro CK type 1 can mimic CK-MB and be a source of @entity3 .

title: Macro XXXX kinase type 1 with electrophoretic mobility identical to that of the MB isoenzyme.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 surgery is increasingly used to treat @entity0 with medically intractable @entity2 . This study investigates the aetiology and @entity3 outcome in Danish @entity0 operated between 1996 and 2010. METHODS: Retrospectively collected data on structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnoses, surgical procedures and @entity3 outcomes classified according to the Engel Classification were used. Changes over time grouped as 1996-2000, 2001-2005 and 2006-2010 were analysed. RESULTS: A total of 95 @entity0 underwent @entity2 surgery. Sixty-three operations were performed in Denmark and 50 abroad. In all, 14 @entity0 needed reoperation. The median follow-up period was four years. At the latest follow-up, Engel class I (indicating no disabling @entity3 ) was found in 67% of the @entity0 . @entity5 , @entity4 and @entity1 were the most common MRI findings. The percentage of @entity1 operated decreased over time, and frontal lobe resections increased. In the 2006-2010 period, resections with normal MRI were performed, resulting in a less favourable Engel outcome. Persistent, unexpected complications were seen in three of 113 operations. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity0 who undergo @entity2 surgery have a good, worthwhile @entity3 outcome. The @entity3 outcome for Danish @entity0 corresponds to that of other @entity2 surgery centres. The clinical criteria for selection of @entity0 changed over time. FUNDING: none. TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Danish Data Protection Agency approved the project with record number: 2013-41-2459.

title: Danish experience with paediatric XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 cell @entity1 is the primary cause of @entity0 @entity3 . Thus, various treatment strategies have been developed to prevent @entity1 . @entity7 (AA) is an organic compound commonly found in trees. This study is aimed to investigate the antimetastatic activity of AA in B16F10-xenografted C57BL/6 @entity2 and assess the anticancer activity of AA in combination with @entity5 in @entity4 cells. AA effectively reduced the formation of lung metastases by approximately 92.8%. AA treatment inhibited migratory potential ([Formula: see text]), invasion ([Formula: see text]), and motility ([Formula: see text]) of highly metastatic @entity2 @entity4 cells in vitro. Zymography revealed that AA reduced the proteinase activities of @entity6 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Molecular analyses showed that AA reduced Akt phosphorylation and activating protein-1 DNA-binding activity by Western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), respectively. In summary, AA effectively inhibited B16F10 lung @entity1 , and 50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M AA did not affect the viability of @entity2 cells. AA improved the efficacy of @entity5 and demonstrated strong anticancer activity on @entity4 cells. These results suggested that AA could be used as an antimetastatic agent or as an adjuvant for anticancer therapy.

title: The Inhibitory Effect of XXXX on Melanoma Cancer @entity1 and Invasiveness In vitro and In vivo.

answer: @entity7


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 cell @entity1 is the primary cause of @entity0 @entity3 . Thus, various treatment strategies have been developed to prevent @entity1 . @entity7 (AA) is an organic compound commonly found in trees. This study is aimed to investigate the antimetastatic activity of AA in B16F10-xenografted C57BL/6 @entity2 and assess the anticancer activity of AA in combination with @entity5 in @entity4 cells. AA effectively reduced the formation of lung metastases by approximately 92.8%. AA treatment inhibited migratory potential ([Formula: see text]), invasion ([Formula: see text]), and motility ([Formula: see text]) of highly metastatic @entity2 @entity4 cells in vitro. Zymography revealed that AA reduced the proteinase activities of @entity6 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator. Molecular analyses showed that AA reduced Akt phosphorylation and activating protein-1 DNA-binding activity by Western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), respectively. In summary, AA effectively inhibited B16F10 lung @entity1 , and 50[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M AA did not affect the viability of @entity2 cells. AA improved the efficacy of @entity5 and demonstrated strong anticancer activity on @entity4 cells. These results suggested that AA could be used as an antimetastatic agent or as an adjuvant for anticancer therapy.

title: The Inhibitory Effect of @entity7 on Melanoma Cancer XXXX and Invasiveness In vitro and In vivo.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The left ventricular response to upright bicycle exercise was studied in 39 unselected, non-beta blocked @entity0 (mean(SEM) age 54.2(1.7)yr) (mean(SEM) resting ejection fraction 41.9(2.3)%) 8-10 weeks after @entity2 . Nine healthy, age matched, sedentary adult @entity0 were studied for comparison (mean(SEM) age 49.8(0.9)yr). The @entity1 volume and cardiac output were measured by impedance cardiography at rest and after each 3 min workload until symptom limited maximum. The @entity0 were separated into three groups based on @entity1 volume response to graded exercise. Group 1 (n = 14) had a normal @entity1 volume response to increasing heart rate. In group 2 (n = 13) @entity1 volume increased initially then decreased by greater than 15% at a heart rate greater than 100-105 beats. @entity4 . In group 3 (n = 12) @entity1 volume failed to increase during exercise. In group 1 cardiac output and mean arterial pressure increased whereas vascular resistance decreased during exercise in a normal fashion. Group 2 had an increased mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance throughout exercise while heart rate increased in a similar fashion to group 1 until work of greater than 70 W was undertaken, at which time heart rate increased in a curvilinear fashion and cardiac output was attenuated. Group 3 had an @entity3 and a higher heart rate during exercise. In this group of @entity0 systemic vascular resistance failed to decrease normally during exercise.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Response to upright exercise after XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Since 1978, 41 @entity0 (12 percent of all restorative operations) have undergone peranal coloanal reconstruction following anterior resection (LAR) for @entity1 of the midrectum. Twenty-seven @entity0 (66 percent) were @entity0 and 14 @entity0 (34 percent) were @entity0 (mean, 58.8 years). The mean distance of the @entity1 from the anal verge was 6.7 cm and 50 percent of the primary @entity1 were considered highly mobile. In 29 @entity0 , a hand-sewn @entity3 was performed between the colon and the dentate line. In the 12 most recent @entity0 , the @entity3 was performed using a circular stapling instrument. A diverting colostomy should be employed in all cases and is closed approximately three months later. There has been no operative mortality. Morbidity included anastomotic separation (two @entity0 ), minor anastomotic defects (three @entity0 ), @entity4 (two @entity0 ), and @entity7 of unknown origin (two @entity0 ). Where fecal diversion was employed, there were no instances of @entity6 . Two @entity0 with @entity5 were returned to the operating room. Thirty-seven of the 41 @entity0 underwent curative resections. Thirty-three percent of the @entity0 had @entity2 . With a median follow-up of 31 months for the curative resections, 73 percent remain free of disease. Sixty-four percent of evaluable @entity0 have either excellent or good anorectal function nine to 12 months after colostomy closure. Of 26 operations performed by one surgeon, 22 @entity0 (85 percent) are currently evaluable. Nineteen (86 percent) of the 22 have normal or near-normal bowel function. Four guidelines for performing a functionally successful operation are presented. Coloanal reconstruction following LAR, were pull-through operations were previously required, is an excellent sphincter-preserving operation. The functional results one year after the operation are gratifying, with the majority of @entity0 leading an active life with normal bowel function.

title: Peranal coloanal XXXX following low anterior resection for rectal carcinoma.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many migrants face adverse socioeconomic conditions and barriers to health services that can impair timely @entity1 diagnosis and access to life-saving treatments. We aimed to assess the differences in overall mortality by geographical origin in @entity1 -positive @entity0 and @entity0 using data from COHERE, a large European collaboration of @entity1 cohorts from 1997 to 2013. METHODS: In this observational cohort study, we included HIV-positive, antiretroviral-naive @entity0 accessing care in western Europe from COHERE. Individuals were eligible if enrolled in a cohort that collected information on geographical origin or ethnic origin from Jan 1, 1997, to March 19, 2013, aged 18-75 years, they had available information about sex, they were not infected perinatally or after the receipt of clotting factor concentrates, and were naive to combination antiretroviral therapy at cohort entry. Migrants' origins were grouped into seven regions: western Europe and similar countries (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the USA); eastern Europe; North Africa and the Middle East; sub-Saharan Africa; Latin America; the Caribbean; and Asia and the rest of Oceania (excluding Australia and New Zealand). Crude and adjusted mortality rate ratios were calculated by use of Poisson regression stratified by sex, comparing each group with the native population. Multiple imputation with chained equations was used to account for missing values. FINDINGS: Between Oct 25, 1979, and March 19, 2013, we recruited 279   659 individuals to the COHERE collaboration in EuroCoord. Of these 123   344 @entity0 and 45   877 @entity0 met the inclusion criteria. Our data suggested effect modification by transmission route (pinteraction=0  12 for @entity0 ; pinteraction=0  002 for @entity0 ). No significant difference in mortality was identified by geographical origin in @entity0 who have sex with @entity0 . In heterosexual populations, most migrant @entity0 had mortality lower than or equal to that of native @entity0 , whereas no group of migrant @entity0 had mortality lower than that in native @entity0 . High mortality was identified in heterosexual @entity0 from Latin America (rate ratio [RR] 1  46, 95% CI 1  00-2  12, p=0  049) and heterosexual @entity0 from the Caribbean (1  48, 1  29-1  70, p<0  0001). Compared with that in the native population, mortality in injecting drug users was similar or low for all migrant groups. INTERPRETATION: Characteristics of and risks faced by migrant populations with @entity1 differ for @entity0 and @entity0 and for populations infected heterosexually, by sex between @entity0 , or by injecting drug use. Further research is needed to understand how inequalities are generated and maintained for the groups with higher mortality identified in this study. FUNDING: EuroCoord.

title: Mortality in migrants living with XXXX in western Europe (1997-2013): a collaborative cohort study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies against the rodent @entity2 parasite, @entity3 , have been prepared and characterized by indirect immunofluorescence on @entity4 -fixed infected @entity0 erythrocytes. The antibody of clone K2 reacted strongly with late trophozoites and schizonts, whereas it did so weakly and diffusely with ring forms and early trophozoites. Strong fluorescence was confined to granular structures in schizonts and merozoites. Parasites that invaded erythrocytes in vitro lost the strong fluorescence. Instead, immunofluorescence appeared in the membranes of erythrocytes infected in vitro with merozoites. Erythrocytes infected with more than one merozoite had intensified immunofluorescence in their membranes. Staining of the invaded erythrocytes with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity5 demonstrated that membranes of all the invaded erythrocytes acquired the P. yoelii antigen. These results suggest that the P. yoelii antigen in merozoites is translocated into erythrocyte membranes upon entry into the host cell. Immunofluorescence continued to appear in membranes of infected erythrocytes throughout the intra-erythrocytic parasite growth. Staining of unfixed infected erythrocytes with the K2 antibody failed to detect the parasite antigen. In contrast, immunofluorescence was present in unfixed membranes of erythrocyte ghosts, which had been spontaneously formed after @entity1 erythrocytes by merozoite release. No immunofluorescence appeared in either @entity4 -fixed or unfixed ghosts of normal erythrocytes. These results suggest the antigenic determinant of the P. yoelii antigen is exposed at the cytoplasmic surface of the infected erythrocyte membrane. Immunoprecipitation has revealed that the K2 antibody recognizes a 160 X 10(3) Mr P. yoelii antigen.

title: An antigen of XXXX that translocates into the @entity0 erythrocyte membrane upon entry into the host cell.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Monoclonal antibodies against the rodent @entity2 parasite, @entity3 , have been prepared and characterized by indirect immunofluorescence on @entity4 -fixed infected @entity0 erythrocytes. The antibody of clone K2 reacted strongly with late trophozoites and schizonts, whereas it did so weakly and diffusely with ring forms and early trophozoites. Strong fluorescence was confined to granular structures in schizonts and merozoites. Parasites that invaded erythrocytes in vitro lost the strong fluorescence. Instead, immunofluorescence appeared in the membranes of erythrocytes infected in vitro with merozoites. Erythrocytes infected with more than one merozoite had intensified immunofluorescence in their membranes. Staining of the invaded erythrocytes with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity5 demonstrated that membranes of all the invaded erythrocytes acquired the P. yoelii antigen. These results suggest that the P. yoelii antigen in merozoites is translocated into erythrocyte membranes upon entry into the host cell. Immunofluorescence continued to appear in membranes of infected erythrocytes throughout the intra-erythrocytic parasite growth. Staining of unfixed infected erythrocytes with the K2 antibody failed to detect the parasite antigen. In contrast, immunofluorescence was present in unfixed membranes of erythrocyte ghosts, which had been spontaneously formed after @entity1 erythrocytes by merozoite release. No immunofluorescence appeared in either @entity4 -fixed or unfixed ghosts of normal erythrocytes. These results suggest the antigenic determinant of the P. yoelii antigen is exposed at the cytoplasmic surface of the infected erythrocyte membrane. Immunoprecipitation has revealed that the K2 antibody recognizes a 160 X 10(3) Mr P. yoelii antigen.

title: An antigen of @entity3 that translocates into the XXXX erythrocyte membrane upon entry into the host cell.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 22 ambulatory and 10 institutionalised @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 22 age-matched controls were assayed nephelometrically for concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM, @entity3 , @entity1 , prealbumin and albumin. The CSF/serum ratio and index were calculated for each protein. In the CSF of ambulatory patients IgG, @entity1 and albumin were elevated while the institutionalised @entity0 had higher IgG and IgA levels compared to the controls. The CSF @entity3 was elevated in institutionalised @entity2 @entity0 compared to those who were ambulatory. The CSF/serum ratio for albumin was elevated in both groups. An increase in the IgG ratio was also found in both groups. The ratios for @entity3 and prealbumin were markedly increased in the institutionalised @entity0 . CSF indices gave no evidence for increased intrathecal synthesis of any of the proteins investigated. The increased CSF/serum ratios for IgG and albumin and also the higher CSF albumin in @entity0 with @entity2 suggest an increased blood-brain barrier permeability in this disease. The high prealbumin ratio may be related to amyloidogenesis often present in @entity2 .

title: CSF in XXXX . Studies on blood-brain barrier function and intrathecal protein synthesis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The efficacy of antacid in the treatment of benign @entity5 is less well established than in the treatment of duodenal @entity3 . The objective of this study was to monitor @entity3 and symptom relief in 38 @entity0 with gastric ulceration treated for 6 weeks with @entity7 (Tagamet) 300 mg q.i.d. or an @entity6 - @entity4 containing antacid (Mylanta II) 10 ml q.i.d. (acid neutralizing capacity 203.2 mEq/day). The study was single-blind; the study physicians and those providing endoscopic assessments were not aware of the @entity0 ' treatment. Entered into the study were 19 male and 19 female @entity0 ranging in age from 17 to 70 years, with a mean age of 52 years. None of the @entity0 had taken @entity7 in the previous month, and none abused @entity2 or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, but two-thirds of the @entity0 were smokers. Five @entity0 in the antacid group withdrew for numerous reasons including continued @entity1 , noncompliance, and side effects. All @entity0 in the @entity7 group completed the study, and no side effects were noted. There was no difference between the antacid- and the @entity7 -treated @entity0 in the relief of symptoms. There was a significant difference in the 6-week @entity3 between the groups, with 14/19 (74%) healed in the @entity7 group compared with only 6/14 (43%) healed in the antacid group (p less than 0.025). Thus, Mylanta II, 10 ml four times daily, is comparable to @entity7 300 mg q.i.d. in the symptomatic relief of benign gastric ulceration, but @entity3 was superior using @entity7 .

title: Comparative study of XXXX and Mylanta II in the 6-week treatment of @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The efficacy of antacid in the treatment of benign @entity5 is less well established than in the treatment of duodenal @entity3 . The objective of this study was to monitor @entity3 and symptom relief in 38 @entity0 with gastric ulceration treated for 6 weeks with @entity7 (Tagamet) 300 mg q.i.d. or an @entity6 - @entity4 containing antacid (Mylanta II) 10 ml q.i.d. (acid neutralizing capacity 203.2 mEq/day). The study was single-blind; the study physicians and those providing endoscopic assessments were not aware of the @entity0 ' treatment. Entered into the study were 19 male and 19 female @entity0 ranging in age from 17 to 70 years, with a mean age of 52 years. None of the @entity0 had taken @entity7 in the previous month, and none abused @entity2 or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, but two-thirds of the @entity0 were smokers. Five @entity0 in the antacid group withdrew for numerous reasons including continued @entity1 , noncompliance, and side effects. All @entity0 in the @entity7 group completed the study, and no side effects were noted. There was no difference between the antacid- and the @entity7 -treated @entity0 in the relief of symptoms. There was a significant difference in the 6-week @entity3 between the groups, with 14/19 (74%) healed in the @entity7 group compared with only 6/14 (43%) healed in the antacid group (p less than 0.025). Thus, Mylanta II, 10 ml four times daily, is comparable to @entity7 300 mg q.i.d. in the symptomatic relief of benign gastric ulceration, but @entity3 was superior using @entity7 .

title: Comparative study of @entity7 and Mylanta II in the 6-week treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Power toothbrushes can offer significant advantages over a manual toothbrush both with respect to plaque removal and compliance. Most studies have, however, been carried out with adult toothbrushes in adult populations. Less is known about the efficacy of @entity0 's power toothbrushes, although it is likely that similar advantages will be demonstrated. This practice based study used the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) component of the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index to compare baseline oral hygiene with results after 2 months of using the Braun Oral-B Kids' Power Toothbrush ( @entity2 ). The study involved 13 dental offices and a total of 154 @entity0 aged 4 to 9 years. For all sites (facial and lingual), using the @entity2 for 2 months resulted in an approximately 40% reduction in the @entity1 . Questionnaires completed by the parents or guardians, the @entity0 , and the dentists indicated a very favorable response to the power toothbrush. Both parents and @entity0 preferred the @entity2 to a manual toothbrush and most said they would continue to use it. The fact that @entity0 found the @entity2 fun to use may well aid compliance. Dentists thought that the @entity2 was effective and, at the end of the study, most said that they would now recommend a power toothbrush. It is concluded from the results of this practice based study that the @entity2 can help to reduce plaque levels in a population of @entity0 who previously relied on a manual toothbrush. The fact that the @entity2 is appealing to @entity0 and fun to use should aid compliance with long-term oral hygiene.

title: A practice based study of a XXXX 's power toothbrush: efficacy and acceptance.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: As the benefit of clinical breast examination (CBE) over that of screening mammography alone in reducing @entity0 mortality is uncertain, it is informative to monitor its contribution to interim measures of effectiveness of a screening programme. Here, the contribution of CBE to screening mammography in the early detection of @entity0 was evaluated. SETTING: Four Canadian organised @entity0 screening programmes. METHODS: @entity1 aged 50-69 receiving dual screening (CBE and mammography) (n = 300,303) between 1996 and 1998 were followed up between screen and diagnosis. Outcomes assessed by mode of detection (CBE alone, mammography alone, or both CBE and mammography) included referral rate, positive predictive value, pathological features of @entity2 (size, nodal status, morphology), and @entity2 detection rates overall and for small @entity2 (< or = 10 mm or node-negative). Heterogeneity in findings across programmes was also assessed. RESULTS: On first versus subsequent screen, CBE alone resulted in 28.5-36.7% of referrals, and 4.6-5.9% of @entity2 compared with 52.6-60.1% of referrals and 60.0-64.3% of @entity2 for mammography alone. Among @entity2 detected by CBE, 83.6-88.6% were also detected by mammography, whereas for mammographically detected @entity2 only 31.7-37.2% were also detected by CBE. On average, CBE increased the rate of detection of small invasive @entity2 by 2-6% over rates if mammography was the sole detection method. Without CBE, programmes would be missing three @entity2 for every 10,000 screens and 3-10 small invasive @entity2 in every 100,000 screens. CONCLUSIONS: Inclusion of CBE in an organised programme contributes minimally to early detection.

title: Contribution of clinical breast examination to mammography screening in the early detection of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A lumbar laminectomy is a common and routine operation. Damage to abdominal vascular structures during surgery is a relatively infrequent complication; however, when it does occur, it is sudden and life-threatening. We herein report on 2 cases of @entity1 which occurred during lumbar microdiscectomies. The first case was a 34-year-old @entity0 . A bloody surgical field was noted 45 min into the operation along with an increase in heart rate and a decrease in blood pressure. After fluid resuscitation and an ephedrine injection, his vital signs stabilized. The @entity0 was then sent to the surgical intensive care unit for observation. An emergent abdominal computer tomography scan revealed @entity2 , and an urgent exploratory laparotomy was performed to check for bleeding and to remove the @entity2 . The second case was a 61-year-old @entity0 with recurrent disc herniation. The operation was proceeding smoothly for 90 min, when a large amount of fresh blood suddenly gushed out. Her blood pressure immediately dropped to that of a state of shock. The @entity0 was turned back to a supine position, and an emergent laparotomy was done to repair the injured vessels. Both @entity0 had uneventful recoveries.

title: XXXX during a lumbar laminectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Esterases, hydrolases which split @entity10 bonds, hydrolyse a number of compounds used as drugs in @entity0 . The enzymes involved are classified broadly as cholinesterases (including acetylcholinesterase), carboxylesterases, and arylesterases, but apart from acetylcholinesterase, their biological function is unknown. The acetylcholinesterase present in nerve endings involved in neurotransmission is inhibited by anticholinesterase drugs, e.g. @entity2 , and by organophosphorous compounds (mainly insecticides). Cholinesterases are primarily involved in drug hydrolysis in the plasma, arylesterases in the plasma and red blood cells, and carboxylesterases in the liver, gut and other tissues. The esterases exhibit specificities for certain substrates and inhibitors but a drug is often hydrolysed by more than one esterase at different sites. @entity1 ( @entity1 ), for example, is hydrolysed to @entity3 by carboxylesterases in the liver during the first-pass. Only 60% of an oral dose reaches the systemic circulation where it is hydrolysed by plasma cholinesterases and albumin and red blood cell arylesterases. Thus, the concentration of @entity1 relative to @entity3 in the circulation may be affected by individual variation in esterase levels and the relative roles of the different esterases, and this may influence the overall pharmacological effect. Other drugs have been less extensively investigated than @entity1 and these include @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity9 , @entity6 , @entity8 and other local anaesthetics. Ester prodrugs are widely used to improve absorption of drugs and in depot preparations. The active drug is released by hydrolysis by tissue carboxylesterases. Individual differences in esterase activity may be genetically determined, as is the case with atypical cholinesterases and the polymorphic distribution of serum paraoxonase and red blood cell @entity7 . Disease states may also alter esterase activity.

title: Clinical significance of esterases in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The role of neuroendocrine responsiveness in the development of orthostatic intolerance after bed rest was studied in physically fit subjects. Head-down bed-rest (HDBR, -6 degrees, 4 days) was performed in 15 @entity0 after 6 weeks of aerobic training. The standing test was performed before, after training and on day 4 of the HDBR. Orthostatic intolerance was observed in one subject before and after training. The blood pressure response after training was enhanced (mean BP increments 18+/-2 vs. 13+/- 2 mm Hg, p<0.05, means +/- S.E.M.), although @entity2 response was diminished (1.38+/-0.18 vs. 2.76+/-0.25 mol.l(-1), p<0.01). Orthostatic intolerance after HDBR was observed in 10 subjects, the BP response was blunted, and @entity2 as well as plasma @entity1 activity (PRA) responses were augmented (NA 3.10+/-0.33 mol.l(-1), p<0.001; PRA 2.98+/-1.12 vs. 0.85+/-0.15 ng.ml(-1), p<0.05). Plasma @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity3 responses in orthostatic intolerant subjects were similar to the tolerant group. We conclude that six weeks of training attenuated the sympathetic response to standing and had no effect on the orthostatic tolerance. In orthostatic intolerance the BP response induced by subsequent HDBR was absent despite an enhanced sympathetic response.

title: Effect of head-down bed rest on the neuroendocrine response to orthostatic stress in physically fit XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal management of @entity0 with reflux- @entity2 is unclear. We performed a placebo-controlled crossover trial in @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity2 to determine the effect of @entity3 and to gain information on the natural course of the disease. METHODS: Sixty-two consecutive non-smoking @entity0 with hoarseness and @entity2 were examined. Scores with respect to the larynx and for subjective complaints were determined and 24-h pH-metry to assess acid reflux in the lower oesophagus and pharynx was performed. @entity0 with pathologic reflux were given the chance to enter a double-blinded randomized crossover trial with @entity3 40 mg b.i.d. and placebo for a duration of 3 months each, separated by a 2-week washout period. RESULTS: Twenty-four of 62 @entity0 showed pathological reflux; 21 @entity0 were included in the study and 14 concluded all parts of the study. Both @entity3 and placebo resulted in a marked improvement in @entity2 scores (decrease of 8.0 +/- 1.4 versus 5.6 +/- 2.6; no significant difference between the 2 treatments) and symptoms after the first 3 months (decrease of oesophageal symptom score of 2.2 +/- 1.4 versus 5.4 +/- 2.8; decrease of laryngeal scores of 8.3 +/- 3.6 versus 10.3 +/- 3.9; also no significant difference between the 2 treatments). A second pH-metry 2 weeks thereafter proved the persistence of reflux in most of these @entity0 . Switching to @entity3 led to a further improvement of scores. In the group switched to placebo there was recurrence only in a minority of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The self-limited nature of reflux- @entity2 in non-smokers is largely underestimated. @entity2 improves despite the persistence of reflux. @entity3 may be helpful especially in relieving acute symptoms, but the advantage of long-term treatment over placebo has been greatly overestimated.

title: Effect of @entity3 on the course of reflux- XXXX : a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimal management of @entity0 with reflux- @entity2 is unclear. We performed a placebo-controlled crossover trial in @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity2 to determine the effect of @entity3 and to gain information on the natural course of the disease. METHODS: Sixty-two consecutive non-smoking @entity0 with hoarseness and @entity2 were examined. Scores with respect to the larynx and for subjective complaints were determined and 24-h pH-metry to assess acid reflux in the lower oesophagus and pharynx was performed. @entity0 with pathologic reflux were given the chance to enter a double-blinded randomized crossover trial with @entity3 40 mg b.i.d. and placebo for a duration of 3 months each, separated by a 2-week washout period. RESULTS: Twenty-four of 62 @entity0 showed pathological reflux; 21 @entity0 were included in the study and 14 concluded all parts of the study. Both @entity3 and placebo resulted in a marked improvement in @entity2 scores (decrease of 8.0 +/- 1.4 versus 5.6 +/- 2.6; no significant difference between the 2 treatments) and symptoms after the first 3 months (decrease of oesophageal symptom score of 2.2 +/- 1.4 versus 5.4 +/- 2.8; decrease of laryngeal scores of 8.3 +/- 3.6 versus 10.3 +/- 3.9; also no significant difference between the 2 treatments). A second pH-metry 2 weeks thereafter proved the persistence of reflux in most of these @entity0 . Switching to @entity3 led to a further improvement of scores. In the group switched to placebo there was recurrence only in a minority of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The self-limited nature of reflux- @entity2 in non-smokers is largely underestimated. @entity2 improves despite the persistence of reflux. @entity3 may be helpful especially in relieving acute symptoms, but the advantage of long-term treatment over placebo has been greatly overestimated.

title: Effect of XXXX on the course of reflux- @entity2 : a placebo-controlled double-blind crossover study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The authors report a 11-year-old @entity0 with a huge intraspinal malignant @entity3 associated with spinal @entity5 . At seven year of age, @entity1 was diagnosed and the @entity0 received radiation therapy for @entity1 bed with total dose of 4,225 rads. As the result, marked decrease of the size of @entity1 was seen by follow-up CT scan. Serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) and @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level were at 51ng/ml and 31IU/l when total dose of 2,000 rads were over, and they decreased to 3ng/ml and 6.6IU/l at the dose of 4,225 rads respectively. The histology of the @entity1 was unverified. She was discharged without any @entity4 . For next 24 months, she received intrathecal administration of @entity8 by repeated lumber puncture in 14 times. She remained intact neurologically. At eleven years of age, four years later, she started complaining of the right leg @entity6 . On the examination, @entity7 in the L distribution and stiff neck with positive straight leg raising test were observed. Urinary and bowel function were intact. CT scan of the head revealed @entity2 but the size of the @entity1 was unchanged. Myelography showed complete block at the level of L. Laminectomy at L was performed and brownish cyst was found in the intradural space. Aspiration of cyst content and cyst wall resection were carried out. Histology of the cyst membrane was arachnoid and spinal @entity5 was diagnosed. The postoperative course was uneventful until 13th postoperative day, when acute progressive paraparesis and @entity7 were seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A huge intraspinal teratocarcinoma associated with an XXXX in a @entity0 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: The authors report a 11-year-old @entity0 with a huge intraspinal malignant @entity3 associated with spinal @entity5 . At seven year of age, @entity1 was diagnosed and the @entity0 received radiation therapy for @entity1 bed with total dose of 4,225 rads. As the result, marked decrease of the size of @entity1 was seen by follow-up CT scan. Serum alphafetoprotein (AFP) and @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) level were at 51ng/ml and 31IU/l when total dose of 2,000 rads were over, and they decreased to 3ng/ml and 6.6IU/l at the dose of 4,225 rads respectively. The histology of the @entity1 was unverified. She was discharged without any @entity4 . For next 24 months, she received intrathecal administration of @entity8 by repeated lumber puncture in 14 times. She remained intact neurologically. At eleven years of age, four years later, she started complaining of the right leg @entity6 . On the examination, @entity7 in the L distribution and stiff neck with positive straight leg raising test were observed. Urinary and bowel function were intact. CT scan of the head revealed @entity2 but the size of the @entity1 was unchanged. Myelography showed complete block at the level of L. Laminectomy at L was performed and brownish cyst was found in the intradural space. Aspiration of cyst content and cyst wall resection were carried out. Histology of the cyst membrane was arachnoid and spinal @entity5 was diagnosed. The postoperative course was uneventful until 13th postoperative day, when acute progressive paraparesis and @entity7 were seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A huge intraspinal teratocarcinoma associated with an @entity5 in a XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 in adults has been reintroduced into the differential diagnosis of organic hyperinsulinism by the description of 'noninsulinoma @entity3 (NIPHS)'. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pathologic specimens of all adult @entity0 (n = 66) operated on for organic hyperinsulinism were re-examined. Five @entity0 fulfilled the histomorphological criteria of @entity7 . Retrospective review of clinical presentation, results of 72-h fasts, intravenous @entity6 tolerance tests, pre- and intraoperative localization studies and surgical therapy was performed. RESULTS: In contrast to NIPHS, fasting tests became positive after 8-14 h. @entity6 tests were positive and preoperative imaging showed negative results in all @entity0 . At first operation distal pancreatic resections were performed in three @entity0 , resection of the pancreatic body in one @entity0 and biopsy of the pancreatic tail in one @entity0 . Two of three @entity0 with recurrent disease had to be reoperated. One @entity0 showed a coexistence of @entity7 and @entity5 and is part of a kindred with autosomal dominantly inherited 'familial islet-cell @entity8 '. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical exploration is indicated only after thorough biochemical diagnosis. An aggressive strategy for preoperative localization including selective arterial @entity2 stimulation testing seems justified. There may be a combination of @entity7 and @entity1 . A link between beta-cell @entity4 and progression to @entity5 based on not yet known genetic causes can be suspected.

title: XXXX in adults: a challenging cause of organic hyperinsulinism.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Management of @entity2 in the pre-hospital setting is often inadequate. In 2011, ambulance personnel were authorized to administer intravenous @entity5 in the Central Denmark Region. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous @entity5 administered by ambulance personnel. METHODS: Pre-hospital medical charts from 2348 adults treated with intravenous @entity5 by ambulance personnel during a 6-month period were reviewed. The primary outcome was the change in @entity2 intensity on a numeric rating scale (NRS) from before @entity5 treatment to hospital arrival. Secondary outcomes included the number of @entity0 with reduction in @entity2 intensity during transport (NRS >=  2), the number of @entity0 with NRS > 3 at hospital arrival, and potential @entity5 -related side effects. RESULTS: @entity5 reduced @entity2 from before treatment (8, IQR 7-9) to hospital arrival (4, IQR 3-6) (NRS reduction: 3, IQR 2-5; P = 0.001), 79.3% of all @entity0 had a reduction in > 2 on the NRS during transport, and 58.4% of @entity0 experienced @entity2 at hospital arrival (NRS > 3). Twenty-one @entity0 (0.9%) had @entity1 saturation < 90%. A decrease in Glasgow @entity4 Scale was seen in 31 @entity0 (1.3%) and @entity3 observed in 71 @entity0 (3.0%). CONCLUSION: Intravenous @entity5 caused clinically meaningful @entity2 reduction in most @entity0 and was safe in the hands of ambulance personnel. Many @entity0 had moderate to severe @entity2 at hospital arrival. As the protocol allowed higher doses of @entity5 , feedback on effect and safety should be part of continuous education of ambulance personnel.

title: Efficacy and safety of intravenous XXXX administered by ambulance personnel.

answer: @entity5


abstract: As limited-control @entity2 parks become more popular, concerns arise about whether these parks encourage @entity1 . Systematic observations made at 1 park over 72 hr across 8 months found that 28 conflicts or potential conflicts occurred (< 0.5%). Of these, 14 were @entity1 episodes. Each lasted less than 1 min (< 0.33% of total observation time). There were 14 other incidents of possible @entity1 that were ambiguous in nature. Each lasted less than 30 sec (< 0.17%). None of these incidents led to @entity0 . Of the 177 @entity2 observed, only 9 were aggressive toward other @entity2 (5%): 6 aggressors, once each; 2 aggressors, twice each; 1 aggressor, 3 times. Results indicate that @entity1 in limited-control @entity2 parks may be relatively rare and probably presents only a limited risk to @entity2 and their caregivers (owners). In part, this may be because owners who frequent @entity2 parks are self-selecting, self-monitoring, and self-limiting in regard to @entity2 @entity1 .

title: "Bark parks"--a study on XXXX in a limited-control environment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Artificial feeding by a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity3 ) tube in @entity0 with @entity1 has increased since the introduction of the endoscopic method of tube placement. Few studies have documented survival benefit from this intervention. This report reviews our experience with @entity3 tube placement for feeding @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: All consultations for @entity3 tube placement were evaluated by a certified nutrition support nurse (L.M.M.) in consultation with a member of the gastroenterology physician staff (T.O.L.) for 24 months. Evaluation included the attainment of a brief medical history, a physical examination, and a review of comorbid conditions, laboratory variables for nutrition status, and @entity2 risk. Interviews with @entity0 or surrogates were conducted, including an explanation of the risks and benefits of @entity3 tube placement. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare the median survival between @entity0 with @entity1 who received a @entity3 tube and @entity0 with @entity1 in whom @entity3 tube placement was refused. RESULTS: We received 41 consultations for @entity3 tube placement in @entity0 with @entity1 . Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was performed in 23 @entity0 ; 18 @entity0 met the medical criteria for @entity3 tube placement, but surrogates refused placement. The median survival for the 23 @entity0 who underwent @entity3 was 59 days; the median survival for the 18 @entity0 who did not undergo @entity3 was 60 days. CONCLUSION: There seems to be no survival benefit in @entity0 with @entity1 who receive artificial feeding by a @entity3 tube.

title: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy does not prolong survival in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Artificial feeding by a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( @entity3 ) tube in @entity0 with @entity1 has increased since the introduction of the endoscopic method of tube placement. Few studies have documented survival benefit from this intervention. This report reviews our experience with @entity3 tube placement for feeding @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: All consultations for @entity3 tube placement were evaluated by a certified nutrition support nurse (L.M.M.) in consultation with a member of the gastroenterology physician staff (T.O.L.) for 24 months. Evaluation included the attainment of a brief medical history, a physical examination, and a review of comorbid conditions, laboratory variables for nutrition status, and @entity2 risk. Interviews with @entity0 or surrogates were conducted, including an explanation of the risks and benefits of @entity3 tube placement. A Kaplan-Meier survival curve was used to compare the median survival between @entity0 with @entity1 who received a @entity3 tube and @entity0 with @entity1 in whom @entity3 tube placement was refused. RESULTS: We received 41 consultations for @entity3 tube placement in @entity0 with @entity1 . Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was performed in 23 @entity0 ; 18 @entity0 met the medical criteria for @entity3 tube placement, but surrogates refused placement. The median survival for the 23 @entity0 who underwent @entity3 was 59 days; the median survival for the 18 @entity0 who did not undergo @entity3 was 60 days. CONCLUSION: There seems to be no survival benefit in @entity0 with @entity1 who receive artificial feeding by a @entity3 tube.

title: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy does not prolong survival in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 who are not amenable to surgical resection (cavernostomy), it is difficult to achieve palliation of hemoptysis from @entity2 . There are only 9 cases with a short follow-up that have reported the use of radiotherapy for hemoptysis in this scenario. METHODS: A retrospective series of 21 @entity0 with chronic @entity1 pulmonary @entity5 were treated with radiotherapy (20 Gray) from 1990 to 2002. The outcome measures were the period from @entity3 treatment to the onset of hemoptysis, hemoptysis resolution rate, change in Zubrod performance status after 30  days of the completion of radiotherapy, local failure-free survival, and overall survival. RESULTS: The median time between @entity3 treatment and the onset of hemoptysis due to aspergilloma was 9  years. After radiotherapy, general status improved and the hemoptysis resolved in all @entity0 . During the follow-up period, 4 failures occurred, with a 5-year local failure-free survival rate of 82  % and a 5-year overall survival rate of 59  %. Of these failures, 2 @entity0 died due to recurrence of the hemoptysis, and 2 were rescued (using cavernostomy and reirradiation). The presence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (p   =   0.021) and female gender (p   =   0.032) were negatively associated with overall survival. None of the variables was related to local control. CONCLUSIONS: Based on these long-term data, radiotherapy is a potential option for controlling bleeding due to fungus balls. Female @entity0 and @entity4 were associated with lower survival.

title: Hemoptysis due to fungus ball after XXXX : A series of 21 cases treated with hemostatic radiotherapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To investigate and compare the effect on @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of a long intestinal tube inserted by two different endoscopic placements which are transnasal ultrathin endoscopy and conventional endoscopy. @entity0 AND METHODS: Twenty-nine @entity0 who had been diagnosed as suffering from @entity4 underwent long tube insertion placed by transnasal ultrathin endoscopy were included as subjects. Thirty-two @entity0 who had undergone insertion of a long tube placed by conventional endoscopy were included as controls. The success rate of intubation of the small bowel, the time required for the procedure, and complications were compared between the subjects and controls. RESULTS: The success rate of intubation was 100% (29/29) in subjects and 93.8% (30/32) in controls, without a significant difference (P = 0.493). There are 2 failed cases that the procedure was attempted near 60 min in 2 @entity0 who had performed @entity3 before, and the intestinal tube could not be inserted into efferent loops of jejunum in controls. The mean time required for the procedure was 15.3 min in subjects and 22.9 min in controls, respectively, and with a significant difference (P < 0.001). @entity2 occurred in both groups, and 2 cases encountered @entity1 of the gastrointestinal tract in controls. CONCLUSION: Long tube insertion facilitated by transnasal ultrathin endoscopy takes shorter time and has a higher success rate compared with the procedure conducted with the help of conventional endoscopy. It is safe and useful to insert a long intestinal tube assisted by transnasal ultrathin endoscopy for the decompression of small bowel.

title: Two different endoscopic long intestinal tube placements for XXXX : Transnasal ultrathin endoscopy versus conventional endoscopy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is administered to prevent stent @entity3 ; however, the uniformity of platelet inhibition after treatment and the influence of pretreatment reactivity on drug response have not been described. METHODS AND RESULTS: Platelet aggregation (5 and 20 micromol/L @entity4 ), the activation of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa ( @entity7 antibody), and the expression of @entity6 were measured in @entity0 undergoing elective coronary stenting (n=96) at baseline and at 2 hours, 24 hours, 5 days, and 30 days after stenting. All @entity0 received @entity2 (325 mg). @entity5 (300 mg) was administered in the catheterization laboratory and followed by 75 mg daily. There was marked interindividual variability in drug response as measured by all markers that showed a normal distribution. Resistance, defined as baseline aggregation (%) minus posttreatment aggregation (%) < or =10% by 5 micromol/L @entity4 , was present in 31% and 15% of @entity0 at 5 and 30 days, respectively. @entity0 with the highest pretreatment platelet reactivity remained the most reactive at 24 hours after treatment (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Interindividual variability in the platelet inhibitory response from @entity5 occurs in @entity0 undergoing elective coronary stenting. @entity0 with high pretreatment reactivity are least protected. Alternative pharmacological strategies and the association of adverse @entity1 events should be investigated in these @entity0 .

title: XXXX for coronary stenting: response variability, drug resistance, and the effect of pretreatment platelet reactivity.

answer: @entity5


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Expert consensus recommends testing pleural fluid for pH to assist the selection of @entity0 with @entity3 for pleurodesis. Although published studies report an association between pleural fluid pH and @entity0 outcomes after pleurodesis, clinicians have no definitive information on how to use pH to select @entity0 for pleurodesis. Thus, we quantitatively assessed different methods for deriving likelihood ratios from pleural fluid pH and evaluated the potential role of pH in selecting @entity0 for pleurodesis. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, systematic reviews, article reference lists, and contact with primary authors. STUDY SELECTION: Studies that assessed the impact of pleural fluid pH on survival and @entity1 rates among @entity0 with @entity3 . DATA EXTRACTION: Primary authors provided their data in electronic spreadsheets. DATA SYNTHESIS: Retrieved data sets included survival and @entity1 rates for 417 @entity0 and 433 @entity0 , respectively. Binary, multilevel, and continuous likelihood ratios were calculated to estimate the likelihood of @entity2 within 3 months of pleurodesis or @entity1 rates. Values for the likelihood ratios were compared for each of the three strategies, and relative clinical and statistical significance were assessed. Pleural fluid pH had marginal performance for identifying @entity0 with < 3-month anticipated survival; binary likelihood ratios provided as much information as the multilevel and continuous strategies. Likelihood ratios for identifying @entity0 likely to fail pleurodesis were clinically useful. Continuous likelihood ratios provided statistically more information as compared with the multilevel and binary strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Pleural fluid pH has marginal value for estimating @entity2 within 3 months of pleurodesis, and binary likelihood ratios (cut point </= 7.20) perform as well as the other strategies assessed. Pleural fluid pH provides more useful information for estimating the likelihood of @entity1 for which continuous likelihood ratios provide the most information as compared with binary or multilevel likelihood ratios.

title: Multilevel and continuous pleural fluid pH likelihood ratios for evaluating XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the accuracy of modern laboratory tests for the diagnosis of serious @entity4 in newborns. METHODS: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched using the keywords newborn, @entity1 , @entity2 , and diagnosis. We included studies published from 1995 through 2001 that included @entity0 younger than 90 days with proven bacterial growth in a sample from a sterile site. Whenever possible, relevant data were extracted to calculate likelihood ratios (LRs) for whether each test can diagnose a serious @entity4 . Two independent reviewers selected and reviewed the articles (interobserver agreement, kappa = 0.80). All disagreements were resolved by consensus. RESULTS: Of the 137 citations we retrieved, 37 articles met the inclusion criteria; 17 studies, evaluating 11 different tests, met the highest methodological criteria. The most commonly evaluated test was @entity3 ( @entity3 ) level (n = 7 studies). The remaining tests were each evaluated in no more than 3 studies. Positive LRs ranged from 1.5 to infinity. Six individual tests examined in 8 studies had LRs of more than 10 (range, 12.5- infinity ). Combined tests also had a wide range of LRs (3.4-9.9). All studies were performed in single medical centers and had small sample sizes, making recommendations according to gestational age criteria difficult. CONCLUSIONS: We found few methodologically rigorous studies of the accuracy of laboratory tests for the diagnosis of @entity4 in newborns; in a significant proportion of studies, the accuracy of the tests could not be independently determined because of a lack of adequate data. There was marked heterogeneity in sample selection and cutoff levels for diagnosis of @entity2 . A few tests showed promising accuracy, but there are insufficient data to support their confident use as clinical tools.

title: Beyond the complete blood cell count and C-reactive protein: a systematic review of modern diagnostic tests for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Evidence for transactivation of genes via specific promoter elements has been derived from studies on @entity1 cell lines but rarely on resected @entity1 . However, the proof of an in vivo relevance and the identification of @entity0 with a potential @entity1 -specific gene expression is essential to transfer molecular-targeting strategies into clinical applications. This study gives the first clinical evidence that @entity5 ( @entity5 ) gene expression is @entity1 -specifically regulated via an activator protein (AP)-2/ @entity4 promoter element in a large @entity0 subpopulation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In 145 @entity3 @entity0 , electrophoretic mobility shift analysis and supershift assays for @entity5 -promoter region -152/-135 were performed in @entity1 and corresponding normal tissues. @entity5 protein levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Binding of @entity4 to region -152/-135 in @entity1 in contrast to corresponding normal mucosae was observed in 55% of colorectal and in 52% of @entity2 @entity0 . Tumor-specific binding of an @entity6 -related factor was seen in 59% of colorectal and in 63% of @entity2 @entity0 . A significant correlation between @entity6 (P < 0.0001) and @entity4 (P = 0.0003) binding with a high @entity5 expression was observed in @entity1 but not in normal mucosae. Tissues of five nontumor @entity0 did not show transcription factor binding to this region. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show the @entity1 -specific binding of trans-activators to the @entity5 promoter region (-152/-135) biochemically in a large series of resected @entity1 . For the subpopulation of approximately 60% of @entity0 with @entity1 -restricted @entity5 -transactivation, a molecular targeting of this region or its activating pathways should be pursued as a new antimetastasis therapy approach.

title: Tumor-specific transcription factor binding to an @entity6 / XXXX element of the @entity5 promoter in a first large series of resected @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Evidence for transactivation of genes via specific promoter elements has been derived from studies on @entity1 cell lines but rarely on resected @entity1 . However, the proof of an in vivo relevance and the identification of @entity0 with a potential @entity1 -specific gene expression is essential to transfer molecular-targeting strategies into clinical applications. This study gives the first clinical evidence that @entity5 ( @entity5 ) gene expression is @entity1 -specifically regulated via an activator protein (AP)-2/ @entity4 promoter element in a large @entity0 subpopulation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In 145 @entity3 @entity0 , electrophoretic mobility shift analysis and supershift assays for @entity5 -promoter region -152/-135 were performed in @entity1 and corresponding normal tissues. @entity5 protein levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Binding of @entity4 to region -152/-135 in @entity1 in contrast to corresponding normal mucosae was observed in 55% of colorectal and in 52% of @entity2 @entity0 . Tumor-specific binding of an @entity6 -related factor was seen in 59% of colorectal and in 63% of @entity2 @entity0 . A significant correlation between @entity6 (P < 0.0001) and @entity4 (P = 0.0003) binding with a high @entity5 expression was observed in @entity1 but not in normal mucosae. Tissues of five nontumor @entity0 did not show transcription factor binding to this region. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show the @entity1 -specific binding of trans-activators to the @entity5 promoter region (-152/-135) biochemically in a large series of resected @entity1 . For the subpopulation of approximately 60% of @entity0 with @entity1 -restricted @entity5 -transactivation, a molecular targeting of this region or its activating pathways should be pursued as a new antimetastasis therapy approach.

title: Tumor-specific transcription factor binding to an @entity6 / @entity4 element of the @entity5 promoter in a first large series of resected XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Evidence for transactivation of genes via specific promoter elements has been derived from studies on @entity1 cell lines but rarely on resected @entity1 . However, the proof of an in vivo relevance and the identification of @entity0 with a potential @entity1 -specific gene expression is essential to transfer molecular-targeting strategies into clinical applications. This study gives the first clinical evidence that @entity5 ( @entity5 ) gene expression is @entity1 -specifically regulated via an activator protein (AP)-2/ @entity4 promoter element in a large @entity0 subpopulation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In 145 @entity3 @entity0 , electrophoretic mobility shift analysis and supershift assays for @entity5 -promoter region -152/-135 were performed in @entity1 and corresponding normal tissues. @entity5 protein levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Binding of @entity4 to region -152/-135 in @entity1 in contrast to corresponding normal mucosae was observed in 55% of colorectal and in 52% of @entity2 @entity0 . Tumor-specific binding of an @entity6 -related factor was seen in 59% of colorectal and in 63% of @entity2 @entity0 . A significant correlation between @entity6 (P < 0.0001) and @entity4 (P = 0.0003) binding with a high @entity5 expression was observed in @entity1 but not in normal mucosae. Tissues of five nontumor @entity0 did not show transcription factor binding to this region. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show the @entity1 -specific binding of trans-activators to the @entity5 promoter region (-152/-135) biochemically in a large series of resected @entity1 . For the subpopulation of approximately 60% of @entity0 with @entity1 -restricted @entity5 -transactivation, a molecular targeting of this region or its activating pathways should be pursued as a new antimetastasis therapy approach.

title: Tumor-specific transcription factor binding to an XXXX / @entity4 element of the @entity5 promoter in a first large series of resected @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: Evidence for transactivation of genes via specific promoter elements has been derived from studies on @entity1 cell lines but rarely on resected @entity1 . However, the proof of an in vivo relevance and the identification of @entity0 with a potential @entity1 -specific gene expression is essential to transfer molecular-targeting strategies into clinical applications. This study gives the first clinical evidence that @entity5 ( @entity5 ) gene expression is @entity1 -specifically regulated via an activator protein (AP)-2/ @entity4 promoter element in a large @entity0 subpopulation. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: In 145 @entity3 @entity0 , electrophoretic mobility shift analysis and supershift assays for @entity5 -promoter region -152/-135 were performed in @entity1 and corresponding normal tissues. @entity5 protein levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: Binding of @entity4 to region -152/-135 in @entity1 in contrast to corresponding normal mucosae was observed in 55% of colorectal and in 52% of @entity2 @entity0 . Tumor-specific binding of an @entity6 -related factor was seen in 59% of colorectal and in 63% of @entity2 @entity0 . A significant correlation between @entity6 (P < 0.0001) and @entity4 (P = 0.0003) binding with a high @entity5 expression was observed in @entity1 but not in normal mucosae. Tissues of five nontumor @entity0 did not show transcription factor binding to this region. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show the @entity1 -specific binding of trans-activators to the @entity5 promoter region (-152/-135) biochemically in a large series of resected @entity1 . For the subpopulation of approximately 60% of @entity0 with @entity1 -restricted @entity5 -transactivation, a molecular targeting of this region or its activating pathways should be pursued as a new antimetastasis therapy approach.

title: Tumor-specific transcription factor binding to an @entity6 / @entity4 element of the XXXX promoter in a first large series of resected @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 survivors in Alaska and elsewhere have unmet support needs. The @entity0 's @entity2 Survivorship Retreat, or " @entity0 's retreat," was developed targeting Alaska Native and non-Native @entity0 who were survivors of @entity2 . The program brought together survivors in a supportive environment to discuss and share their experiences. OBJECTIVE: Despite the proven effectiveness of support groups for improving quality of life for @entity1 @entity0 , @entity0 typically do not participate in formal support groups. This descriptive study was conducted to explore the needs of Alaska Native and @entity2 survivors and assess satisfaction and acceptability of a @entity0 's @entity1 survivorship retreat in Alaska. METHODS: @entity2 survivors (N=80) who attended @entity0 's retreats during 2009-2013 were asked to complete a retreat application and post-retreat evaluation. Comments regarding social support, helpful and valuable aspects of the retreat including overall satisfaction were reported. RESULTS: A @entity0 's retreat with activities that engage @entity0 can be successful for @entity2 survivors. Many @entity0 returned for successive retreats. After the retreat, 97% of the @entity0 said they would continue with support activities. CONCLUSION: The @entity0 's retreat provides a valued opportunity for @entity0 to interact with other survivors and access information from health professionals. The results from this study highlight a successful model for social support and resources specific to male @entity2 survivors.

title: Development and evaluation of a support program for XXXX survivors in Alaska.

answer: @entity2


abstract: To report the functional and oncologic results of larynx preservation surgery with free flap reconstruction for @entity1 . Retrospective medical chart review. Tertiary care referral center. We present a series of seven @entity0 , who were treated for an advanced stage @entity1 between 1995 and 1998. All @entity0 underwent posterior pharyngectomy with larynx preservation via a suprahyoidal approach for @entity1 of the posterior pharyngeal wall, with radial forearm free flap reconstruction. Complications occurred in three @entity0 with grade 3 comorbidity, one of whom suffered flap loss. After a mean follow-up of 48 months, three @entity0 are alive without disease. One @entity0 is alive with a second primary @entity3 . Two @entity0 died of disease, whereas one @entity0 died of another cause. All @entity0 could be decannulated and maintain their voice. Six out of seven @entity0 were able to take oral nutrition, although four @entity0 needed additional @entity2 -tube feeding. Posterior pharyngectomy with larynx preservation and radial forearm free flap reconstruction is feasible in selected @entity0 , with acceptable functional results and survival. However, the @entity0 must be aware of the risk of chronic aspiration and the possibility of long-term @entity2 feedings.

title: Larynx preservation surgery for advanced XXXX with free flap reconstruction: a critical appraisal.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of @entity7 receptor blockade in @entity4 . METHODS: Eighty-seven @entity0 with moderate @entity3 were randomized to receive either no drug or @entity12 , the active metabolite of @entity8 , 20 mg/kg/day, or @entity10 , 1 mg/kg/day, or a combination of the two drugs. Treatment was initiated 1 month after coronary ligation and lasted 4 weeks. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and after 4 weeks. LV catheterization, isolated heart studies, morphometric histology, myocardial @entity6 and @entity11 mRNA were assessed at the end of the treatment period. RESULTS: Infarct sizes were 33+/-3, 32+/-3, 34+/-3, and 34+/-4% in the placebo, @entity12 , @entity10 , and combination groups, respectively. @entity12 attenuated LV remodeling, improved LV systolic and diastolic function, and markedly reduced interstitial and perivascular @entity1 . These effects were increased by concomitant @entity10 therapy. Moreover, myocardial @entity6 content was decreased while @entity9 threshold significantly augmented by @entity12 . @entity11 levels remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12 attenuated @entity2 and interstitial remodeling, and improved LV filling dynamics and systolic function in the @entity0 model of @entity4 . Addition of @entity10 conferred further cardioprotection. @entity12 also reduced myocardial @entity6 content and @entity9 threshold. The data provide a potential explanation for the decreased @entity5 observed in the RALES study. The mechanisms of action of @entity7 inhibition are still poorly understood, despite its proven efficacy in @entity4 . @entity0 with @entity4 were randomized to receive for 1 month either no drug or @entity12 , or @entity10 , or a combination of @entity12 and @entity10 . @entity12 treatment was associated with a significant attenuation of @entity2 , better LV diastolic and systolic dynamics, and a marked reduction of reactive @entity1 . These effects were enhanced by concomitant @entity10 therapy. Moreover, @entity12 @entity9 threshold and reduced myocardial @entity6 content. The data may explain the reduced mortality demonstrated by the RALES.

title: @entity7 receptor blockade improves left ventricular remodeling and @entity9 threshold in experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of @entity7 receptor blockade in @entity4 . METHODS: Eighty-seven @entity0 with moderate @entity3 were randomized to receive either no drug or @entity12 , the active metabolite of @entity8 , 20 mg/kg/day, or @entity10 , 1 mg/kg/day, or a combination of the two drugs. Treatment was initiated 1 month after coronary ligation and lasted 4 weeks. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and after 4 weeks. LV catheterization, isolated heart studies, morphometric histology, myocardial @entity6 and @entity11 mRNA were assessed at the end of the treatment period. RESULTS: Infarct sizes were 33+/-3, 32+/-3, 34+/-3, and 34+/-4% in the placebo, @entity12 , @entity10 , and combination groups, respectively. @entity12 attenuated LV remodeling, improved LV systolic and diastolic function, and markedly reduced interstitial and perivascular @entity1 . These effects were increased by concomitant @entity10 therapy. Moreover, myocardial @entity6 content was decreased while @entity9 threshold significantly augmented by @entity12 . @entity11 levels remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12 attenuated @entity2 and interstitial remodeling, and improved LV filling dynamics and systolic function in the @entity0 model of @entity4 . Addition of @entity10 conferred further cardioprotection. @entity12 also reduced myocardial @entity6 content and @entity9 threshold. The data provide a potential explanation for the decreased @entity5 observed in the RALES study. The mechanisms of action of @entity7 inhibition are still poorly understood, despite its proven efficacy in @entity4 . @entity0 with @entity4 were randomized to receive for 1 month either no drug or @entity12 , or @entity10 , or a combination of @entity12 and @entity10 . @entity12 treatment was associated with a significant attenuation of @entity2 , better LV diastolic and systolic dynamics, and a marked reduction of reactive @entity1 . These effects were enhanced by concomitant @entity10 therapy. Moreover, @entity12 @entity9 threshold and reduced myocardial @entity6 content. The data may explain the reduced mortality demonstrated by the RALES.

title: @entity7 receptor blockade improves left ventricular remodeling and XXXX threshold in experimental @entity4 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of @entity7 receptor blockade in @entity4 . METHODS: Eighty-seven @entity0 with moderate @entity3 were randomized to receive either no drug or @entity12 , the active metabolite of @entity8 , 20 mg/kg/day, or @entity10 , 1 mg/kg/day, or a combination of the two drugs. Treatment was initiated 1 month after coronary ligation and lasted 4 weeks. Echocardiography was performed at baseline and after 4 weeks. LV catheterization, isolated heart studies, morphometric histology, myocardial @entity6 and @entity11 mRNA were assessed at the end of the treatment period. RESULTS: Infarct sizes were 33+/-3, 32+/-3, 34+/-3, and 34+/-4% in the placebo, @entity12 , @entity10 , and combination groups, respectively. @entity12 attenuated LV remodeling, improved LV systolic and diastolic function, and markedly reduced interstitial and perivascular @entity1 . These effects were increased by concomitant @entity10 therapy. Moreover, myocardial @entity6 content was decreased while @entity9 threshold significantly augmented by @entity12 . @entity11 levels remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: @entity12 attenuated @entity2 and interstitial remodeling, and improved LV filling dynamics and systolic function in the @entity0 model of @entity4 . Addition of @entity10 conferred further cardioprotection. @entity12 also reduced myocardial @entity6 content and @entity9 threshold. The data provide a potential explanation for the decreased @entity5 observed in the RALES study. The mechanisms of action of @entity7 inhibition are still poorly understood, despite its proven efficacy in @entity4 . @entity0 with @entity4 were randomized to receive for 1 month either no drug or @entity12 , or @entity10 , or a combination of @entity12 and @entity10 . @entity12 treatment was associated with a significant attenuation of @entity2 , better LV diastolic and systolic dynamics, and a marked reduction of reactive @entity1 . These effects were enhanced by concomitant @entity10 therapy. Moreover, @entity12 @entity9 threshold and reduced myocardial @entity6 content. The data may explain the reduced mortality demonstrated by the RALES.

title: XXXX receptor blockade improves left ventricular remodeling and @entity9 threshold in experimental @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity9 can be adsorbed onto a methylated @entity7 surface in a monomolecular layer via its transmembrane hydrophobic protein core domain. Due to electrostatic repulsion, its anionic glycosaminoglycan side chains are stretched out into the blood substitute solution, thereby representing a receptor site for specific lipoprotein binding through basic @entity5 -rich residues within their apolipoproteins. The binding process was studied by ellipsometric techniques suggesting that HDL has a high binding affinity and a protective effect on interfacial heparan @entity6 proteoglycan layers with respect to LDL and @entity3 complexation. LDL was found to be deposited strongly at the proteoheparan @entity6 -coated surface, particularly in the presence of @entity3 , apparently through complex formation 'proteoglycan-low density lipoprotein- @entity4 '. This ternary complex build-up may be interpreted as arteriosclerotic nanoplaque formation on the molecular level responsible for the @entity2 . In a receptor-based biosensor application, this system was tested on its reliability to unveil possible acute pleiotropic effects of the lipid lowering drug @entity8 . The VLDL/IDL/LDL and VLDL/IDL/LDL/HDL plasma fractions from a high risk @entity0 with dyslipoproteinaemia and @entity1 showed the start of arteriosclerotic nanoplaque formation at a normal blood @entity3 concentration, with a strong increase at higher @entity3 concentrations. Nanoplaque formation and size of the HDL-containing lipid fraction remained well below that of the LDL-containing lipid fraction. @entity8 , whether applied acutely to the @entity0 (one single 80 mg slow release matrix tablet) or in a 2-month medication regimen, markedly slowed down this process of ternary aggregational nanoplaque build-up and substantially inhibited nanoplaque size development at all @entity3 concentrations used. The acute action gave no significant change in lipid concentrations of the @entity0 . Furthermore, after nanoplaque generation, @entity8 , similar to HDL, was able to reduce nanoplaque formation and size. These immediate effects of @entity8 have to be taken into consideration when interpreting the clinical outcome of long-term studies.

title: Reduction of arteriosclerotic nanoplaque formation and size by XXXX in a receptor-based biosensor model.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the evidence from rigorous clinical trials of the use of hawthorn extract to treat @entity0 with @entity2 . We searched the literature using MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, CISCOM, and AMED. Experts on and manufacturers of commercial preparations containing hawthorn extract were asked to contribute published and unpublished studies. There were no restrictions about the language of publication. Two reviewers independently performed the screening of studies, selection, validation, data extraction, and the assessment of methodological quality. To be included, studies were required to state that they were randomized, double-blind, and placebo controlled, and used hawthorn extract monopreparations. Thirteen trials met all inclusion criteria. In most of the studies, hawthorn was used as an adjunct to conventional treatment. Eight trials including 632 @entity0 with @entity2 (New York Heart Association classes I to III) provided data that were suitable for meta-analysis. For the physiologic outcome of maximal workload, treatment with hawthorn extract was more beneficial than placebo (weighted mean difference, 7 Watt; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3 to 11 Watt; P < 0.01; n = 310 @entity0 ). The pressure-heart rate product also showed a beneficial decrease (weighted mean difference, -20; 95% CI: -32 to -8; n = 264 @entity0 ) with hawthorn treatment. Symptoms such as @entity3 and fatigue improved significantly with hawthorn treatment as compared with placebo. Reported adverse events were infrequent, mild, and transient; they included @entity1 . In conclusion, these results suggest that there is a significant benefit from hawthorn extract as an adjunctive treatment for @entity2 .

title: Hawthorn extract for treating XXXX : meta-analysis of randomized trials.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the temporal relationship between the development of self-reported symptoms of @entity6 and the development of @entity2 among @entity0 in the community. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study using postal surveys at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. SETTING: An urban four-partner general practice with 10000 registered @entity0 . POPULATION: All @entity0 aged 18-54 years on the practice age-sex register. METHODS: Baseline postal questionnaire with follow up questionnaires sent at 6 and 12 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The associations between the development of heavy periods and @entity2 . RESULTS: Two thousand and four hundred and thirty-five baseline questionnaires were sent out with an initial response rate of 76%. One thousand and five hundred and thirteen @entity0 (62%) responded to all three questionnaires. @entity0 with @entity2 at baseline were more likely to develop heavy periods 6 months later than @entity0 without @entity1 (adjusted odds ratio 1.87, 95% CI 1.15, 3.02). @entity0 with heavy periods at baseline were no more likely to develop @entity2 6 months later than @entity0 with @entity5 (adjusted odds ratio 1.09, 95% CI 0.73, 1.63). Similar findings existed with respect to @entity4 and @entity3 . Results of the 12-month analysis were similar. CONCLUSION: In the community, @entity2 appears to influence the future self-reporting of heavy periods and other symptoms of @entity6 .

title: Increased XXXX : a longitudinal study of their relationship in the community.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The severity of @entity1 associated with @entity3 carries a poor prognosis. The lungs are very sensitive to the constrictive and proliferative effects of @entity5 and could represent a preferential target for this peptide. METHODS: @entity0 with large @entity2 or sham surgery received the @entity5 receptor antagonist @entity7 (40 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 2 or 8 weeks (n=5 to 8 for each group). Hemodynamic and morphometric measurements were obtained followed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence analysis and electron microscopic characterization of lung sections. RESULTS: The @entity4 groups developed @entity1 and @entity8 with elevated left ventricular filling pressures (all P<0.01). Despite similar @entity4 size, filling pressures were lower (P<0.01) while @entity1 and @entity8 were completely normalized by @entity7 . Isolated lungs pressure-flow relationships were identical at 2 weeks. At 8 weeks it was steepest and shifted upward in the @entity4 group (P<0.001), and completely normalized by @entity7 . Lung weight doubled after @entity4 with no evidence of @entity6 and was also normalized by @entity7 . Important lungs structural remodeling evidenced by collagen and reticulin deposition, thickening of the alveolar septa and proliferation of cells with ultrastructural characteristics of myofibroblasts (pericytes) were identified after @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: After large @entity2 there is important pulmonary structural remodeling in which myofibroblasts (pericytes) proliferation may play an important role. This initially protective mechanism against high filling pressures could eventually contribute to the development of @entity1 and @entity8 . Future studies are needed to determine if @entity5 directly modulates pulmonary remodeling after @entity2 .

title: Lung structural remodeling and XXXX after @entity2 : complete reversal with @entity7 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The severity of @entity1 associated with @entity3 carries a poor prognosis. The lungs are very sensitive to the constrictive and proliferative effects of @entity5 and could represent a preferential target for this peptide. METHODS: @entity0 with large @entity2 or sham surgery received the @entity5 receptor antagonist @entity7 (40 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 2 or 8 weeks (n=5 to 8 for each group). Hemodynamic and morphometric measurements were obtained followed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence analysis and electron microscopic characterization of lung sections. RESULTS: The @entity4 groups developed @entity1 and @entity8 with elevated left ventricular filling pressures (all P<0.01). Despite similar @entity4 size, filling pressures were lower (P<0.01) while @entity1 and @entity8 were completely normalized by @entity7 . Isolated lungs pressure-flow relationships were identical at 2 weeks. At 8 weeks it was steepest and shifted upward in the @entity4 group (P<0.001), and completely normalized by @entity7 . Lung weight doubled after @entity4 with no evidence of @entity6 and was also normalized by @entity7 . Important lungs structural remodeling evidenced by collagen and reticulin deposition, thickening of the alveolar septa and proliferation of cells with ultrastructural characteristics of myofibroblasts (pericytes) were identified after @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: After large @entity2 there is important pulmonary structural remodeling in which myofibroblasts (pericytes) proliferation may play an important role. This initially protective mechanism against high filling pressures could eventually contribute to the development of @entity1 and @entity8 . Future studies are needed to determine if @entity5 directly modulates pulmonary remodeling after @entity2 .

title: Lung structural remodeling and @entity1 after @entity2 : complete reversal with XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The severity of @entity1 associated with @entity3 carries a poor prognosis. The lungs are very sensitive to the constrictive and proliferative effects of @entity5 and could represent a preferential target for this peptide. METHODS: @entity0 with large @entity2 or sham surgery received the @entity5 receptor antagonist @entity7 (40 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for 2 or 8 weeks (n=5 to 8 for each group). Hemodynamic and morphometric measurements were obtained followed by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence analysis and electron microscopic characterization of lung sections. RESULTS: The @entity4 groups developed @entity1 and @entity8 with elevated left ventricular filling pressures (all P<0.01). Despite similar @entity4 size, filling pressures were lower (P<0.01) while @entity1 and @entity8 were completely normalized by @entity7 . Isolated lungs pressure-flow relationships were identical at 2 weeks. At 8 weeks it was steepest and shifted upward in the @entity4 group (P<0.001), and completely normalized by @entity7 . Lung weight doubled after @entity4 with no evidence of @entity6 and was also normalized by @entity7 . Important lungs structural remodeling evidenced by collagen and reticulin deposition, thickening of the alveolar septa and proliferation of cells with ultrastructural characteristics of myofibroblasts (pericytes) were identified after @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: After large @entity2 there is important pulmonary structural remodeling in which myofibroblasts (pericytes) proliferation may play an important role. This initially protective mechanism against high filling pressures could eventually contribute to the development of @entity1 and @entity8 . Future studies are needed to determine if @entity5 directly modulates pulmonary remodeling after @entity2 .

title: Lung structural remodeling and @entity1 after XXXX : complete reversal with @entity7 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: One hundred forty-eight @entity0 with advanced @entity2 Stages C or D1 were randomized between continuous-course radiotherapy (6,000 cGy in 30 fractions of 200 cGy each, over 6 weeks) and split-course radiotherapy (2,750 cGy in 10 fractions of 275 cGy each, over 2 weeks; a rest period of 3 weeks; 2,750 cGy in 2 weeks); 139 are analyzed in this report. Ninety-four percent of the @entity0 have been followed at least 5 years or until @entity3 . The @entity0 ranged in age from 45 to 80 with a median of 69. Seventy-six percent of the @entity0 were males and 58% had Stage C disease. In @entity0 with information on the size of the @entity1 , in 66% the lesion measured 5 cm or larger; 26% had a diameter of 8 cm or larger. In general, the treatment groups were well balanced with respect to @entity0 characteristics. Both treatment groups tolerated therapy well. Eighty-seven percent of the @entity0 completed therapy, 66% as planned. Fifty-four percent experienced at least one severe reaction, with the most common types being @entity4 (28%), frequency of urination (24%), soreness or burning on urination (25%), and urgency of urination (19%). Late effects of therapy were minimal. Median survival times were 11.5 months and 9.4 months for continuous-course and split-course, respectively. The treatment differences were not significant (p = 0.88; Mantel-Haenszel stratified by stage and sex). Forty percent of the @entity0 became free of all clinically detectable disease following radiotherapy either alone or in combination with additional surgery (40% for continuous-course, 4% cleared by surgery, and 39% for split-course, 3% cleared by surgery). When the @entity1 measured less than 5 cm, the clearance rate was 61% (20/33) vs. 33% (13/39) for 5-7.9 cm, and 24% (6/25) for 8 cm or larger (p less than 0.01; chi2 test for linear trend). For those who became disease free, median time disease free within the irradiated volume was 72 months for continuous-course and is currently undefined for split-course; median time disease free was 28 months and undefined, respectively. There were no significant treatment differences in @entity1 control for any of these endpoints. The ultimate long-term @entity1 control in the pelvis was 28% (19/68) for continuous- and 25% (18/71) for split-course therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Split-course radiotherapy of XXXX stages C and D1. A Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to describe the results, technique, and complications of transperitoneal laparoscopic (LSC) pelvic and aortic lymph node dissection (LND) using the @entity4 -beam coagulator (ABC) and monopolar electrosurgical instruments in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 114 @entity0 who underwent LSC pelvic and/or aortic LND in addition to other LSC procedures between 1/1994 and 12/2001 was conducted. All intraoperative complications and complications that occurred within the first 30 postoperative days were included. Complications were graded according to an institutional surgical secondary events reference. During the same time period, 89 @entity0 underwent LSC followed immediately by laparotomy that included LND, resulting in a total of 203 cases. These 203 total cases are used as a denominator to determine the etiology of cases converted from LSC to laparotomy. Monopolar electrosurgical instruments or the 10-mm ABC (Conmed) set at 70 W with @entity4 flow of 3-4 L/m min were used for laparoscopic nodal dissection. RESULTS: Sixty-one of 114 (53%) @entity0 underwent pelvic LND, 35 (31%) underwent both pelvic and aortic LND, and 18 (16%) underwent aortic LND only. Mean @entity0 age and body mass index were 53.3 years (range, 16 to 87 years) and 25 (range, 16 to 40), respectively. In addition, the mean number of pelvic and aortic lymph nodes removed was 10.7 (range, 1 to 39) and 5.7 (range, 0 to 21), respectively. The mean estimated @entity2 was 151 mL (range, 25 to 600 ml) and the mean hospital stay was 2.8 days (range, 0 to 35 days). Overall, complications occurred in eight (7%) cases. There were no fatal complications, and no @entity0 required conversion to laparotomy due to uncontrollable @entity3 from the laparoscopic nodal dissection. Only 17 of 203 (8%) @entity0 required conversion to laparotomy secondary to adhesions and unsatisfactory exposure. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic pelvic and aortic LND for @entity1 can be satisfactorily performed in the majority of @entity0 , with only 8% of @entity0 requiring conversion to laparotomy due to adhesions or unsatisfactory exposure. The overall complication rate was 7% and was limited to grade 3 or less.

title: Transperitoneal laparoscopic pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection using the XXXX -beam coagulator and monopolar instruments: an 8-year study and description of technique.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: Three papers including five @entity0 have described en bloc radical prostatectomy for locally advanced @entity1 . METHODS: Six @entity0 (median age 63 years) underwent en bloc radical prostatectomy for locally advanced (3) or recurrent (3) @entity1 involving the prostate. Quality of life questionnaires were answered postoperatively and the data prospectively entered in a database. RESULTS: One primary case had low anterior resection (LAR), the others abdominoperineal resections (APR) of R0 stage. Two recurrent cases had APRs and one @entity1 resection-all R1 stage. @entity2 led to construction of an ileal conduit in one @entity0 and in two healed on conservative treatment. Follow up was 10-50 months. One @entity0 died from distant metastases at 29 months postoperatively, one was operated for a single lung metastasis and one has disseminated lung metastases. None has developed local recurrence. Four of the five with anastomoses had good quality of life and none wanted an ileal conduit. CONCLUSION: In spite of a relatively high urinary leak rate the total complication rate seems to be lower than after pelvic exenteration. En bloc radical prostatectomy seems an option in selected @entity0 otherwise needing pelvic exenteration for locally advanced or recurrent @entity1 .

title: Radical prostatectomy for locally advanced primary or recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to analyze the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of epicardial radiofrequency (RF) ablation in @entity0 with incessant @entity8 ( @entity8 ). BACKGROUND: Management of @entity0 with incessant @entity8 is a difficult clinical problem. Drugs and RF catheter ablation are not always effective. A nonsurgical transthoracic epicardial RF ablation can be an alternative in @entity0 refractory to conventional therapy. METHODS: Epicardial RF ablation was performed in 10 @entity0 who presented with incessant @entity8 despite the use of two or more intravenous antiarrhythmic drugs. RESULTS: In eight @entity0 , endocardial ablation (EdA) failed to control the @entity6 . In the remaining two @entity0 , epicardial ablation (EpA) was first attempted because of @entity7 and severe @entity4 , respectively. Eight @entity0 had a diagnosis of @entity3 with healed @entity5 . One @entity0 had @entity2 , and one @entity0 had idiopathic, incessant @entity8 . In @entity0 with structural @entity1 , the mean ejection fraction was 0.28 +/- 0.10%. Four @entity0 previously received an implantable defibrillator. The EpA effectively terminated the incessant @entity6 in eight @entity0 , which represents a success rate of 80%. In them, after a follow-up of 18 +/- 18 months, a single episode of a different @entity8 was documented in one @entity0 . No significant complications occurred related to the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with incessant @entity8 despite the use of drugs or standard EdA, the epicardial approach was very effective and should be considered as an alternative in this life-threatening situation.

title: Nonsurgical transthoracic epicardial radiofrequency ablation: an alternative in incessant XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Interstitial hydrostatic and oncotic pressures are believed to influence the sensitivity of the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) control. To further investigate this hypothesis, three groups of experiments with @entity0 ( @entity1 ) were conducted. We investigated 1) the stop-flow pressure ( @entity2 ) feedback response; 2) urine flow rate, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), subcapsular interstitial hydrostatic pressure (Psc), and interstitial oncotic pressure (pi int); and 3) the proximal-distal single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR). The results showed that the @entity2 feedback response was unaffected by @entity1 elevation. Psc increased from 0.5 to 3.5 mmHg and pi int increased from 2.1 to 5.8 mmHg; thus, no change in net interstitial pressure (Psc - pi int) was found during elevated @entity1 . There was a significant proximal-distal SNGFR difference during both control and elevated @entity1 (8.0 and 6.3 nl/min, respectively). A 20% reduction in total GFR and SNGFR was observed at increased @entity1 . In separate experiments using the same protocol, a 5% body wt/h volume expansion with saline was induced before @entity1 was elevated. During volume expansion, TGF sensitivity declined and net interstitial pressure increased, both of which were normalized by increasing @entity1 . The results show that the TGF sensitivity is normal during elevated @entity1 to 20 mmHg and that the increase in Psc during this condition is counter-balanced by an increase in pi int. In addition, the decrease in GFR and SNGFR during increased @entity1 cannot be explained by a change in TGF activity. However, these findings indicate that both interstitial hydrostatic and oncotic pressures may influence the resetting of the TGF sensitivity.

title: Tubuloglomerular feedback during XXXX .

answer: @entity0