abstract: @entity3 entry blockers have been used during general anesthesia in order to control @entity1 and @entity4 . It is well known that both @entity3 entry blockers (CEBs) and inhalation anesthetics have depressant effects on @entity6 . Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate combined effects of either @entity7 , @entity13 , @entity14 , or @entity9 and CEBs ( @entity8 , @entity12 , or @entity5 ) on AV conduction. The following 3 sets of experiments were performed using 90 mongrel @entity2 anesthetized with @entity10 100-150 mg im, thiamylal 25 mg/kg iv and @entity11 with 50% @entity0 . Experiment 1: to evaluate the effects of @entity10 and thiamylal on AV conduction. Experiment 2: to evaluate drug interactions of @entity7 with CEBs. Experiment 3: to evaluate the combined effects of four different inhalation anesthetics at equipotent concentrations (0.8% @entity7 , 1.6% @entity13 , 1.2% @entity14 , and 1.7% @entity9 ) and @entity8 . The following variables were measured utilizing His bundle electrocardiogram: Sinus cycle length (SCL), AV conduction time (AH interval), His Purkinje conduction time (HV interval), effective and functional refractory period of AV node (ERP and FRP). It was confirmed that @entity10 im and thiamylal iv used for induction of anesthesia did not change AV conduction time from experiment 1. The combined effects of either @entity8 (0.1 mg/kg) or @entity12 (0.15 mg/kg) and 0.8% @entity7 were additive on AV conduction. Although @entity5 (0.01 mg/kg) did not affect AV conduction, there was the significant prolongation of SCL with @entity7 compared to without @entity7 . In experiment 3, 0.8% @entity7 and 1.6% @entity13 were stronger than 1.2% @entity14 and 1.7% @entity9 concerning inhibitory effects on AV conduction. @entity8 had some deleterious effects in 1.6% @entity7 or 3.2% @entity13 anesthesia because of extreme inhibitory effects on AV conduction and sinus automaticity. In conclusion, caution must be exercised in usage of CEBs if inhalation anesthetics are used in higher concentrations.

title: [Comparative effects of inhalation anesthetics on @entity6 with and without XXXX entry blockers].

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 entry blockers have been used during general anesthesia in order to control @entity1 and @entity4 . It is well known that both @entity3 entry blockers (CEBs) and inhalation anesthetics have depressant effects on @entity6 . Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate combined effects of either @entity7 , @entity13 , @entity14 , or @entity9 and CEBs ( @entity8 , @entity12 , or @entity5 ) on AV conduction. The following 3 sets of experiments were performed using 90 mongrel @entity2 anesthetized with @entity10 100-150 mg im, thiamylal 25 mg/kg iv and @entity11 with 50% @entity0 . Experiment 1: to evaluate the effects of @entity10 and thiamylal on AV conduction. Experiment 2: to evaluate drug interactions of @entity7 with CEBs. Experiment 3: to evaluate the combined effects of four different inhalation anesthetics at equipotent concentrations (0.8% @entity7 , 1.6% @entity13 , 1.2% @entity14 , and 1.7% @entity9 ) and @entity8 . The following variables were measured utilizing His bundle electrocardiogram: Sinus cycle length (SCL), AV conduction time (AH interval), His Purkinje conduction time (HV interval), effective and functional refractory period of AV node (ERP and FRP). It was confirmed that @entity10 im and thiamylal iv used for induction of anesthesia did not change AV conduction time from experiment 1. The combined effects of either @entity8 (0.1 mg/kg) or @entity12 (0.15 mg/kg) and 0.8% @entity7 were additive on AV conduction. Although @entity5 (0.01 mg/kg) did not affect AV conduction, there was the significant prolongation of SCL with @entity7 compared to without @entity7 . In experiment 3, 0.8% @entity7 and 1.6% @entity13 were stronger than 1.2% @entity14 and 1.7% @entity9 concerning inhibitory effects on AV conduction. @entity8 had some deleterious effects in 1.6% @entity7 or 3.2% @entity13 anesthesia because of extreme inhibitory effects on AV conduction and sinus automaticity. In conclusion, caution must be exercised in usage of CEBs if inhalation anesthetics are used in higher concentrations.

title: [Comparative effects of inhalation anesthetics on XXXX with and without @entity3 entry blockers].

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: This prospective, randomized, blinded study was designed to compare the effects of warmed versus room-temperature @entity4 in @entity0 undergoing knee arthroscopy and partial meniscectomy. METHODS: @entity0 were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 16 @entity0 each. In all @entity0 the 2 portal sites were infiltrated with 10 mL of room-temperature @entity7 (20 mg/mL). In the first group, @entity0 underwent intra-articular injection of 20 mL of @entity4 (5 mg/mL) and 0.005-mg/mL @entity5 (1:200,000) at a temperature of 40 degrees C +/- 0.2 degrees C, whereas in the second group the @entity4 and @entity5 were at room temperature (25 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C). @entity2 was graded and recorded intraoperatively and postoperatively by use of a visual analog scale (VAS). Analgesia was supplemented if the VAS score was 4 cm or greater with @entity3 intraoperatively or ketorolac postoperatively. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups in intraoperative and postoperative VAS values. There was no need for @entity3 as a rescue dose in any @entity0 during surgery. Eight @entity0 treated with warmed @entity4 and seven @entity0 treated with room-temperature @entity4 requested a single rescue dose of @entity6 (30 mg) postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: No compelling evidence exists to suggest that intra-articular injection of warmed @entity4 is more effective than room-temperature @entity4 for intraoperative anesthesia and @entity1 in @entity0 undergoing partial meniscectomy during knee arthroscopy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I, randomized controlled trial.

title: Anesthesia and XXXX after intra-articular injection of warmed versus room-temperature @entity4 : a double-blind randomized trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: This prospective, randomized, blinded study was designed to compare the effects of warmed versus room-temperature @entity4 in @entity0 undergoing knee arthroscopy and partial meniscectomy. METHODS: @entity0 were randomly allocated into 2 groups of 16 @entity0 each. In all @entity0 the 2 portal sites were infiltrated with 10 mL of room-temperature @entity7 (20 mg/mL). In the first group, @entity0 underwent intra-articular injection of 20 mL of @entity4 (5 mg/mL) and 0.005-mg/mL @entity5 (1:200,000) at a temperature of 40 degrees C +/- 0.2 degrees C, whereas in the second group the @entity4 and @entity5 were at room temperature (25 degrees C +/- 0.5 degrees C). @entity2 was graded and recorded intraoperatively and postoperatively by use of a visual analog scale (VAS). Analgesia was supplemented if the VAS score was 4 cm or greater with @entity3 intraoperatively or ketorolac postoperatively. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between groups in intraoperative and postoperative VAS values. There was no need for @entity3 as a rescue dose in any @entity0 during surgery. Eight @entity0 treated with warmed @entity4 and seven @entity0 treated with room-temperature @entity4 requested a single rescue dose of @entity6 (30 mg) postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: No compelling evidence exists to suggest that intra-articular injection of warmed @entity4 is more effective than room-temperature @entity4 for intraoperative anesthesia and @entity1 in @entity0 undergoing partial meniscectomy during knee arthroscopy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level I, randomized controlled trial.

title: Anesthesia and @entity1 after intra-articular injection of warmed versus room-temperature XXXX : a double-blind randomized trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mutations of @entity0 aA-crystallin cause congenital @entity1 by @entity3 . How mutations of aA-crystallin cause disease pathogenesis through @entity3 is not well understood. To better understand the cellular events leading to @entity3 , we transfected @entity1 causing mutants, @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity9 and @entity10 , of @entity0 aA-crystallin in HeLa cells and examined the formation of intracellular protein aggregates and aggresomes by confocal microscopy. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: YFP-tagged @entity0 aA-wild-type (aA-wt) was sub-cloned and the mutants were generated by site-directed mutagenesis. The aA-wt and the mutants were individually transfected or co-transfected with CFP-tagged aA-wt or aB-wild-type (aB-wt) in HeLa cells. Overexpression of these mutants forms multiple small dispersed cytoplasmic aggregates as well as aggresomes. Co-expression of aB-wt with these mutants significantly inhibited protein aggregates where as co-expression with aA-wt enhanced protein aggregates which seems to be due to co-aggregation of the mutants with aA-wt. Aggresomes were validated by double immunofluorescence by co-localization of y-tubulin, a centrosome marker protein with aA-crystallin. Furthermore, increased ubiquitination was detected in @entity6 , @entity9 and @entity10 as assessed by western blot analyses. Immunostaining with an ubiquitin antibody revealed that ubiquitin inclusions in the perinuclear regions were evident only in @entity9 transfected cells. Pulse chase assay, after @entity2 treatment, suggested that @entity9 degraded faster than the wild-type control. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Mutants of aA-crystallin form aggregates and aggresomes. Co-expression of aA-wt with the mutants increased aggregates and co-expression of aB-wt with the mutants significantly decreased the aggregates. The mutant, @entity9 protein degraded faster than wild-type control and increased ubiquitination was evident in @entity9 expressing cells.

title: XXXX causing mutants of aA-crystallin/sHSP form aggregates and aggresomes degraded through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several approaches are described for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) varying from a very wide bifrontal craniotomy to minimally invasive endoscopic techniques. The goal of this study was to evaluate the results of the frontolateral approach for @entity5 . Pitfalls related to this corridor will be described. The impact of @entity1 size and encasement of the anterior cerebral artery complex on the degree of @entity1 removal will be described on the basis of experience with 18 cases. METHODS: Eighteen @entity0 with OGM underwent microsurgical removal using the frontolateral approach. A retrospective study was conducted by analyzing clinical data, neuroimaging studies, operative findings, clinical outcome, and degree of @entity1 removal. FINDINGS: The @entity0 were classified into group A with @entity1 size less than 4 cm in diameter (7 out of 18 cases, 38.9%) and group B with @entity1 size more than 4 cm in diameter (11 out of 18 cases, 61.1%). CSF @entity7 was observed in three @entity0 (16.7%). Postoperative left frontal @entity6 occurred in one @entity0 (5.6%) belonging to group A. In another @entity0 (5.6%) belonging to group B, marked @entity2 was evident after dural opening, which necessitated partial right frontal pole resection. @entity1 removal (Simpson grade 1 and 2) was achieved in 14 out of 18 @entity0 (77.8%), while subtotal removal (Simpson grade 3 and 4) was achieved in 4 @entity0 (22.2%). In the 14 @entity0 in whom total removal was achieved, 7 belonged to group A (all 7 @entity0 of group A with 100% removal), while the remaining 7 @entity0 belonged to group B (7 out of 11 @entity0 , 63.6% removal; one of them had anterior cerebral artery complex encasement). The four @entity0 in whom subtotal removal was achieved belonged to group B; three of them showed anterior cerebral artery complex encasement, and one elderly @entity0 had @entity8 . One @entity0 (5.6%) in group B died from @entity3 after @entity1 removal with anterior cerebral @entity4 during its dissection from the @entity1 capsule. CONCLUSION: The frontolateral approach has the advantages of both the pterional and conventional bifrontal approaches. The frontolateral approach allows quick and minimally invasive access to @entity5 less than 4 cm in diameter, and also to @entity1 more than 4 cm in diameter without encasement of the anterior cerebral artery complex. @entity1 size more than 4 cm in diameter and encasement of the anterior cerebral artery complex are limiting factors for the frontolateral approach if @entity1 removal is considered.

title: Validity of the frontolateral approach as a minimally invasive corridor for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to estimate the frequency at which laparoscopic surgery is performed to treat female pelvic @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Using the National Survey of Ambulatory Surgery, we performed a retrospective, cross-sectional study of @entity0 who had been diagnosed with abdominal or pelvic @entity1 who underwent outpatient laparoscopic procedures. Rates of procedures were tabulated for all years that were available (1994-1996). A comparison was made across age, ethnicity, and geographic distribution. RESULTS: The estimated number of @entity0 who underwent outpatient laparoscopic surgery for pelvic/ @entity2 was 120,000, 130,400, and 128,600 for the years 1994 through 1996, respectively. Typical additional procedures that were performed included lysis of adhesions, dilation, and hysteroscopy. The @entity0 who underwent these procedures were generally of reproductive age (mean, 32.2 +/- 9.6 years old). Most procedures are performed in hospitals with the use of general anesthesia. The southern portion of the country contributes a disproportionate share of the reported procedures. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic surgical evaluation of female pelvic or @entity2 occurs frequently in the US health care system.

title: Outpatient laparoscopy for abdominal and pelvic XXXX in the United States 1994 through 1996.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Paranasal @entity2 is a rare and often fatal condition that occasionally occurs in @entity0 with debilitating disease. Five @entity7 cases with paranasal sinus involvement are reported. Two also complicated @entity1 . These @entity1 @entity0 rapidly developed @entity3 after the onset of symptoms. One case was soon operated upon and necrotic masses with fungus were excised. Despite i.v. @entity6 administration, two @entity0 lost their consciousness in a few days, relapsed into @entity4 and died. In these cases, the infection originated from the ethmoidal sinus and directly spread towards the orbit and brain. The remaining three cases with @entity7 had operations after the initial diagnosis of @entity5 . All of the three @entity0 are alive and well. The combination of an excisional operation and antifungal therapy resulted in favorable response. High resolution CT scanning is valuable both in planning treatment and monitoring the response to therapy.

title: [ XXXX in paranasal sinuses].

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: The use of @entity1 spray has been the common practice in many endoscopy centers, but scientific evidence is not conclusive on its superiority over other forms of topical anesthesia. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of @entity1 spray as a topical pharyngeal anesthesia for upper endoscopy and that of anesthetic lozenges with a characteristic flavor. METHODS: A randomized placebo-controlled trial was performed in a single endoscopy center. For this study, 191 consecutive @entity0 ages 18 to 70 undergoing outpatient esophagogastroduodenoscopy were randomized before the procedure into either a spray group (10% @entity1 pump spray plus plain Strepsils) or a lozenge group (Strepsils Dual Action anesthetic lozenge plus distilled water spray). The primary outcome was the @entity0 tolerance score, calculated according to the taste of the anesthetic agent, the intensity of numbness, the amount of cough or gag, and the degree of discomfort at esophageal intubation. The secondary outcomes included difficulty of esophageal intubation and the @entity0 ' and endoscopists' satisfaction score for the procedure. RESULTS: Randomization assigned 97 @entity0 to the lozenge group and 94 @entity0 to the spray group. The demographic data were similar in the two groups. The spray group had a significantly higher @entity0 tolerance score, a greater intensity of numbness, less gag reflex, and less discomfort than the lozenge group. The lozenge group had a better taste than the spray group. The difficulty of esophageal intubation and the @entity0 ' and endoscopists' satisfaction were comparable between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Topical @entity1 spray is superior to the flavored anesthetic lozenge as a topical pharyngeal anesthesia in unsedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy.

title: Flavored anesthetic lozenge versus XXXX spray used as topical pharyngeal anesthesia for unsedated esophagogastroduodenoscopy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A study evaluating the efficacy of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) as a treatment modality in experimental @entity2 is reported. @entity5 (3924) 1 x 10(6) cells were transferred subcutaneously into 40 male ACI @entity1 (weight, 150 to 200 g). Animals were divided into four experimental groups: group 1 (n = 10) consisted of untreated controls; group 2 (n = 10) received intraperitoneal @entity3 50 mg/kg as a single dose; group 3 (n = 10) underwent @entity4 only; and group 4 (n = 10) received both chemotherapy (as in group 2) and @entity4 (as in group 3). @entity4 was administered with a 5.5-cm diameter 4-MHz quartz transducer creating a continuous wave with 400 W/cm2 focal intensity. The entire @entity0 was irradiated in 1-mm increments (horizontal and vertical) using treatment cycles of 4 seconds on and 11 seconds off. Total body weight and @entity0 volume were measured on the day of treatment, and 4 weeks later. At 4 weeks, the animals were killed, the @entity0 was excised and weighed, and @entity0 volume was determined. @entity0 volume in all treated animals (groups 2, 3 and 4) was significantly smaller than in controls (P less than .001) at 4 weeks, and @entity0 volume for animals in group 4 was significantly smaller than for those in groups 2 and 3 (P less than .01). These data indicate that @entity4 significantly reduces @entity0 size when compared with control @entity1 with @entity5 . A synergistic effect of chemotherapy and @entity4 was observed and resulted in an enhanced @entity0 response and reduction of @entity0 size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Evaluation of XXXX irradiation in the treatment of experimental @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A study evaluating the efficacy of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) as a treatment modality in experimental @entity2 is reported. @entity5 (3924) 1 x 10(6) cells were transferred subcutaneously into 40 male ACI @entity1 (weight, 150 to 200 g). Animals were divided into four experimental groups: group 1 (n = 10) consisted of untreated controls; group 2 (n = 10) received intraperitoneal @entity3 50 mg/kg as a single dose; group 3 (n = 10) underwent @entity4 only; and group 4 (n = 10) received both chemotherapy (as in group 2) and @entity4 (as in group 3). @entity4 was administered with a 5.5-cm diameter 4-MHz quartz transducer creating a continuous wave with 400 W/cm2 focal intensity. The entire @entity0 was irradiated in 1-mm increments (horizontal and vertical) using treatment cycles of 4 seconds on and 11 seconds off. Total body weight and @entity0 volume were measured on the day of treatment, and 4 weeks later. At 4 weeks, the animals were killed, the @entity0 was excised and weighed, and @entity0 volume was determined. @entity0 volume in all treated animals (groups 2, 3 and 4) was significantly smaller than in controls (P less than .001) at 4 weeks, and @entity0 volume for animals in group 4 was significantly smaller than for those in groups 2 and 3 (P less than .01). These data indicate that @entity4 significantly reduces @entity0 size when compared with control @entity1 with @entity5 . A synergistic effect of chemotherapy and @entity4 was observed and resulted in an enhanced @entity0 response and reduction of @entity0 size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Evaluation of @entity4 irradiation in the treatment of experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity2 -prone spontaneously @entity3 @entity0 (SHRSP) is vulnerable to delayed @entity4 (DND) in the @entity5 subfield of the hippocampus after the transient @entity1 by the occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries. The present study was designed to show that the genetic factors independent of @entity3 contributed to the high incidence of DND in SHRSP. Male @entity0 of the four strains, SHRSP/Izm, SHRSP/Ngsk, SHR/Izm and a congenic strain for the blood pressure quantitative trait locus on chromosome 1 [SHRSP.WKY-(D1Wox29-D1Arb21)/Izm]were used in the experiments. At 13 weeks of age, the bilateral carotid arteries of @entity0 were occluded for 10 min under anesthesia with their body temperature kept at 37 degreeC. Seven days after the transient @entity1 , the loss of the pyramidal cells in the @entity5 was evaluated histologically. In some experiments, the blood flow was monitored with a laser Doppler flowmeter during the transient @entity1 . The blood pressure in SHRSP/Izm was significantly greater than that in the other three strains. The incidence of DND, however, was not significantly different among SHRSP/Izm, SHRSP/Ngsk and the congenic strain (82, 74 and 65%, respectively), while SHR/Izm showed a significantly lower incidence (20 percent). Neither a significant correlation between the incidence of DND and the blood flow reduction during the occlusion, nor a significant inter-strain difference in the blood flow reduction was observed. The genetic factors independent of @entity3 may contribute to the greater susceptibility to DND in SHRSP.

title: Blood pressure-independent factors determine the susceptibility to delayed @entity4 in the XXXX -prone spontaneously @entity3 @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity2 -prone spontaneously @entity3 @entity0 (SHRSP) is vulnerable to delayed @entity4 (DND) in the @entity5 subfield of the hippocampus after the transient @entity1 by the occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries. The present study was designed to show that the genetic factors independent of @entity3 contributed to the high incidence of DND in SHRSP. Male @entity0 of the four strains, SHRSP/Izm, SHRSP/Ngsk, SHR/Izm and a congenic strain for the blood pressure quantitative trait locus on chromosome 1 [SHRSP.WKY-(D1Wox29-D1Arb21)/Izm]were used in the experiments. At 13 weeks of age, the bilateral carotid arteries of @entity0 were occluded for 10 min under anesthesia with their body temperature kept at 37 degreeC. Seven days after the transient @entity1 , the loss of the pyramidal cells in the @entity5 was evaluated histologically. In some experiments, the blood flow was monitored with a laser Doppler flowmeter during the transient @entity1 . The blood pressure in SHRSP/Izm was significantly greater than that in the other three strains. The incidence of DND, however, was not significantly different among SHRSP/Izm, SHRSP/Ngsk and the congenic strain (82, 74 and 65%, respectively), while SHR/Izm showed a significantly lower incidence (20 percent). Neither a significant correlation between the incidence of DND and the blood flow reduction during the occlusion, nor a significant inter-strain difference in the blood flow reduction was observed. The genetic factors independent of @entity3 may contribute to the greater susceptibility to DND in SHRSP.

title: Blood pressure-independent factors determine the susceptibility to delayed @entity4 in the @entity2 -prone spontaneously XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The @entity2 -prone spontaneously @entity3 @entity0 (SHRSP) is vulnerable to delayed @entity4 (DND) in the @entity5 subfield of the hippocampus after the transient @entity1 by the occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries. The present study was designed to show that the genetic factors independent of @entity3 contributed to the high incidence of DND in SHRSP. Male @entity0 of the four strains, SHRSP/Izm, SHRSP/Ngsk, SHR/Izm and a congenic strain for the blood pressure quantitative trait locus on chromosome 1 [SHRSP.WKY-(D1Wox29-D1Arb21)/Izm]were used in the experiments. At 13 weeks of age, the bilateral carotid arteries of @entity0 were occluded for 10 min under anesthesia with their body temperature kept at 37 degreeC. Seven days after the transient @entity1 , the loss of the pyramidal cells in the @entity5 was evaluated histologically. In some experiments, the blood flow was monitored with a laser Doppler flowmeter during the transient @entity1 . The blood pressure in SHRSP/Izm was significantly greater than that in the other three strains. The incidence of DND, however, was not significantly different among SHRSP/Izm, SHRSP/Ngsk and the congenic strain (82, 74 and 65%, respectively), while SHR/Izm showed a significantly lower incidence (20 percent). Neither a significant correlation between the incidence of DND and the blood flow reduction during the occlusion, nor a significant inter-strain difference in the blood flow reduction was observed. The genetic factors independent of @entity3 may contribute to the greater susceptibility to DND in SHRSP.

title: Blood pressure-independent factors determine the susceptibility to delayed XXXX in the @entity2 -prone spontaneously @entity3 @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The @entity2 -prone spontaneously @entity3 @entity0 (SHRSP) is vulnerable to delayed @entity4 (DND) in the @entity5 subfield of the hippocampus after the transient @entity1 by the occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries. The present study was designed to show that the genetic factors independent of @entity3 contributed to the high incidence of DND in SHRSP. Male @entity0 of the four strains, SHRSP/Izm, SHRSP/Ngsk, SHR/Izm and a congenic strain for the blood pressure quantitative trait locus on chromosome 1 [SHRSP.WKY-(D1Wox29-D1Arb21)/Izm]were used in the experiments. At 13 weeks of age, the bilateral carotid arteries of @entity0 were occluded for 10 min under anesthesia with their body temperature kept at 37 degreeC. Seven days after the transient @entity1 , the loss of the pyramidal cells in the @entity5 was evaluated histologically. In some experiments, the blood flow was monitored with a laser Doppler flowmeter during the transient @entity1 . The blood pressure in SHRSP/Izm was significantly greater than that in the other three strains. The incidence of DND, however, was not significantly different among SHRSP/Izm, SHRSP/Ngsk and the congenic strain (82, 74 and 65%, respectively), while SHR/Izm showed a significantly lower incidence (20 percent). Neither a significant correlation between the incidence of DND and the blood flow reduction during the occlusion, nor a significant inter-strain difference in the blood flow reduction was observed. The genetic factors independent of @entity3 may contribute to the greater susceptibility to DND in SHRSP.

title: Blood pressure-independent factors determine the susceptibility to delayed @entity4 in the @entity2 -prone spontaneously @entity3 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The establishment of a pediatric @entity1 system is an exercise in regionalization. The first step in program development is the acquisition of data necessary to understand the region. What are its boundaries? How many @entity0 are injured each year? How many die? What facilities already exist for the care of these @entity0 ? Who controls EMS? Are any referral systems in place? Next, agreement must be reached among the @entity0 regarding which @entity0 will be transferred. Who will make the transfer decision? Will it be made in the field or in the hospital? Will a numerical scoring system be used, or accident descriptors, or both? How and by whom will @entity0 be transported? What method of communication will be used to link the components of the system? The linchpin of effective @entity1 systems is public involvement, yet in most parts of the United States and Canada the public is unaware of the @entity1 problem, and the importance of @entity1 as the number one @entity0 health problem remains unrecognized. Since @entity1 is as much a societal problem as a medical one, the enthusiasm of individuals and public service organizations should be cultivated and a coalition formed to create a regional system. The educational, research, and prevention programs of a pediatric @entity1 center are not usually self-supporting, making progress in these areas dependent upon outside support. In several cities, grants and endowments have been received from service organizations, foundations, public-spirited companies, and individual philanthropy. Some assurance of a continuing source of funds usually is necessary before hospitals will accept part of the financial risk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Creating pediatric XXXX systems.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ampullary restenosis is a late complication of biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy. Long-term data are limited regarding both the rate of @entity2 resulting from repeat therapy. AIMS: To determine the incidence of post @entity1 and the effectiveness of endoscopic therapy in the management of this entity. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical charts and the endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) database to identify @entity0 with ERCP and biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy during the period 1998-2002 at the University of Iowa Hospitals was conducted. All subjects were contacted by phone and asked about the recurrence of their pancreatobiliary symptoms after the first ERCP and whether they sought any medical treatment for these symptoms. The primary outcome was restenosis of the sphincterotomy site and the secondary outcome was complications of endoscopic treatment of @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 202 @entity0 underwent ERCP and biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy on an intact major papilla. Of these, n = 80 @entity0 (54.7 +/- 19 years of age, 76% female) consented and enrolled in the study. Among these, n = 13 (16%) developed ampullary restenosis in 1-62 (median 16) months after the index ERCP. These 13 @entity0 underwent a total of 24 ERCPs (range 1-4 for each @entity0 ) for repeat biliary sphincterotomy and biliary stenting, if needed. Repeat biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy was successful in 12/13 (92%) @entity0 . Complications of repeat biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy were seen in three @entity0 : mild @entity4 (n = 1), severe @entity3 (n = 1), and severe duodenal perforation (n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: Long-term restenosis is an important sequella of biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy. Repeat biliary endoscopic sphincterotomy is an effective treatment modality, but complications are not negligible.

title: Long-term biliary endoscopic XXXX : incidence, endoscopic management, and complications of retreatment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast reconstruction after mastectomy is associated with social, psychological and physical benefits. Barriers to breast reconstruction in the United States include age, stage of disease, socioeconomic status and geographic location; however, little is known about the effects of these factors in the Canadian context of a universal health care system. We sought to determine the rate of breast reconstruction in Nova @entity2 , identify characteristics influencing access to the procedure and describe the rates of different reconstructive options. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study involving all @entity1 in Nova @entity2 who received diagnoses of @entity0 and had mastectomies between 1991 and 2001. We linked data from 2 administrative databases and performed analyses for each year in the study period. We followed the @entity1 until the end of the study period (2001). We used logistic regression to evaluate potential barriers to reconstruction. RESULTS: A total of 3717 @entity1 had mastectomies during the 10-year study period; of these @entity1 , 142 (3.8%) had breast reconstruction. The reconstruction rate increased to more than 5% in 3 of the last 4 years. Factors affecting the rate of breast reconstruction included @entity1 age, stage of disease and year of mastectomy. Household income did not significantly affect the likelihood of @entity1 seeking breast reconstruction. CONCLUSION: The rate of breast reconstruction in Nova @entity2 (3.8%) is considerably lower than rates reported in the United States (8%-45%). The fact that household income did not influence the breast reconstruction rate may reflect the universal nature of Canada's public health care system.

title: Barriers to breast reconstruction after mastectomy in Nova XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 has been applied to most of the species making up the numerically small family Equidae. However, comparative mapping data were still lacking in Asiatic asses kulan ( @entity3 kulan) and kiang (E. kiang). The set of @entity1 arm-specific probes generated by laser microdissection was hybridized onto kulan ( @entity3 kulan) and kiang (E. kiang) chromosomes in order to establish a genome-wide chromosomal correspondence between these Asiatic asses and the @entity1 . Moreover, region-specific probes were generated to determine fusion configuration and orientation of conserved @entity0 . The kulan karyotype (2n = 54) was ascertained to be almost identical to the previously investigated karyotype of @entity3 E. h. @entity3 (2n = 56). The only difference is in fusion/fission of chromosomes homologous to @entity1 2q/3q, which are involved in chromosome number polymorphism in many Equidae species. E. kiang karyotype differs from the karyotype of @entity3 by two additional fusions 8q/15 and 7/25. Chromosomes equivalent to 2q and 3q are not fused in kiang individuals with 2n = 52. Several discrepancies in centromere positions among kulan, kiang and @entity1 chromosomes have been described. Most of the chromosome fusions in Asiatic asses are of centromere-centromere type. Comparative chromosome painting in kiang completed the efforts to establish chromosomal homologies in all representatives of the family Equidae. Application of region-specific probes allows refinement comparative maps of Asiatic asses.

title: Karyotypic relationships in Asiatic asses (kulan and kiang) as defined using XXXX chromosome arm-specific and region-specific probes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of infliximab therapy on the employment status of @entity0 with early @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: @entity2 ( @entity3 )-naive @entity0 with active early @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive @entity3 plus placebo or @entity3 plus infliximab (3 mg/kg or 6 mg/kg) at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and then every 8 weeks through week 46. Data for @entity0 younger than age 65 years were included in the analyses. A @entity0 was categorized as employable if he or she was employed or felt well enough to work if a job were available. RESULTS: The change in actual employment was not significantly different between @entity0 receiving @entity3 plus infliximab and those receiving @entity3 plus placebo (0.5% versus 1.3%; P > 0.5). However, the proportion of @entity0 whose status changed from employable at baseline to unemployable at week 54 was smaller in the group receiving @entity3 plus infliximab compared with that in the group receiving @entity3 alone (8% versus 14%; P = 0.05). @entity0 who were treated with infliximab plus @entity3 had a significantly greater likelihood of improvement rather than deterioration in employability (odds ratio 2.4; P < 0.001); this likelihood was not significantly greater in @entity0 receiving @entity3 alone. The proportion of employed @entity0 who lost workdays during the trial was smaller in the @entity3 plus infliximab group than in the @entity3 -alone group (P = 0.010). CONCLUSION: The actual employment rates among @entity0 in the 2 treatment groups were not different. However, @entity0 with early @entity1 who were treated with @entity3 plus infliximab had a higher probability of maintaining their employability compared with those who were treated with @entity3 alone.

title: Infliximab treatment maintains employability in @entity0 with early XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of infliximab therapy on the employment status of @entity0 with early @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: @entity2 ( @entity3 )-naive @entity0 with active early @entity1 were randomly allocated to receive @entity3 plus placebo or @entity3 plus infliximab (3 mg/kg or 6 mg/kg) at weeks 0, 2, and 6 and then every 8 weeks through week 46. Data for @entity0 younger than age 65 years were included in the analyses. A @entity0 was categorized as employable if he or she was employed or felt well enough to work if a job were available. RESULTS: The change in actual employment was not significantly different between @entity0 receiving @entity3 plus infliximab and those receiving @entity3 plus placebo (0.5% versus 1.3%; P > 0.5). However, the proportion of @entity0 whose status changed from employable at baseline to unemployable at week 54 was smaller in the group receiving @entity3 plus infliximab compared with that in the group receiving @entity3 alone (8% versus 14%; P = 0.05). @entity0 who were treated with infliximab plus @entity3 had a significantly greater likelihood of improvement rather than deterioration in employability (odds ratio 2.4; P < 0.001); this likelihood was not significantly greater in @entity0 receiving @entity3 alone. The proportion of employed @entity0 who lost workdays during the trial was smaller in the @entity3 plus infliximab group than in the @entity3 -alone group (P = 0.010). CONCLUSION: The actual employment rates among @entity0 in the 2 treatment groups were not different. However, @entity0 with early @entity1 who were treated with @entity3 plus infliximab had a higher probability of maintaining their employability compared with those who were treated with @entity3 alone.

title: Infliximab treatment maintains employability in XXXX with early @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the spectrum of diagnoses made by general practitioners (GPs) seeing @entity0 with acute @entity3 , as well as GPs' handling of these @entity0 . To investigate factors predictive of acute admission to hospital. DESIGN: Descriptive study. SETTING: General practices in southern Norway, autumn 2007 and spring 2008. Subjects. A total of 134 @entity0 who were offered an acute appointment with a GP because of @entity3 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Tentative diagnosis made and handling of the @entity0 by the GP. Explanatory factors: @entity2 duration, findings on clinical examination. RESULTS: The most frequent diagnosis was non-specific @entity2 (20%), followed by @entity6 (13%), @entity4 (12%), @entity5 (11%), @entity1 (9%), and urinary tract problems (7%). One-quarter of @entity0 were sent home after clinical examination without any specific action taken. One-quarter were acutely admitted to hospital, and one-quarter were treated with medication. The rest was either referred for further investigations on a non-acute basis (14%) or given a follow-up appointment with the GP (10%). @entity4 was the strongest predictor for acute admission. Rebound tenderness on clinical examination as well as @entity2 duration for 24 hours or less also independently predicted acute hospital admission. CONCLUSION: GPs face the challenge of meeting a wide and inhomogeneous spectre of complaints when dealing with @entity0 with acute @entity3 . Three-quarters of @entity0 are taken care of in primary care.

title: Acute XXXX in general practice: tentative diagnoses and handling. A descriptive study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The temporal deployment of attention to tactile stimuli delivered to the same or to a symmetrical position of the body was assessed in 6 @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 with @entity2 and 6 healthy controls. Two different tasks called Temporal (T) and Spatio-Temporal (ST) extinction were used. In the T task single or double electro tactile stimuli were delivered to the same point to the left or, in separate blocks, to the right index finger. Double stimuli were separated by different Stimulus Onset Asynchronies (SOAs). In the ST task, stimuli could be single (left or right) or double (left and right). Double stimuli were delivered to the index finger of both hands simultaneously or sequentially. In both tasks subjects were asked to report the number of the stimuli they perceived. In the ST task, subjects were also requested to report the stimuli location. Results show that in both tasks @entity1 @entity0 ' detection of left sided stimuli was significantly lower than of right sided stimuli detection, mainly at shortest SOAs. Moreover, detection of left sided stimuli was higher when two stimuli were delivered in sequence and in symmetrical body areas and in different sides of the space than when stimuli were delivered in sequence in the same body area. Results suggest that the interaction between spatial and temporal variables enhances the ability of @entity3 @entity0 to detect left sided stimuli.

title: Temporal and spatio-temporal attention to tactile stimuli in extinction XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Eleven @entity0 with persistent urge @entity1 and frequent side effects on oral anticholinergic agents were treated with @entity4 administered intravesically. Five mg. tablets were dissolved in saline, and the solution was instilled twice daily and retained for 30 minutes. One @entity0 was unable to retain the medication because of severe @entity3 and was eliminated from the study. The remaining 10 @entity0 all reported subjective improvement following treatment and all became totally continent. No side effects were observed. In these 10 @entity0 mean bladder capacity increased from 224 to 360 ml. (p less than 0.01) and mean maximum filling pressure decreased from 33 to 24 cm. water (p equals 0.17). Two additional @entity0 with continent ileocecal urinary diversions were treated with topical @entity4 instilled directly into the intestinal reservoir. Both @entity0 reported improved comfort with filling and 1 demonstrated a decrease in uninhibited contractions. These encouraging results suggest that treatment with topical @entity4 is an effective alternative in @entity0 with @entity2 who either are unresponsive to or have intolerable side effects on oral medications.

title: Topical XXXX for relaxation of dysfunctional bladders.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The behavior and fate of three @entity4 ( @entity5 , @entity2 , and @entity3 ), one @entity6 ( @entity1 ), and @entity0 were investigated at a sewage treatment plant in Ume  , Sweden, in 2004. This plant uses conventional mechanical, chemical, and activated sludge methods to treat the sewage water and digest the sludge; the dewatered digested sludge is pelleted (dry weight > 90% of total weight). Raw sewage water and particles as well as effluents and sludge from specific treatment areas within the plant were sampled. In addition to quantifying the antibiotics within the plant, we characterized the sample matrixes to facilitate evaluation of the results. Of the five substances examined, only @entity5 , @entity3 , and @entity0 were present in concentrations higher than their limits of quantification. @entity5 and @entity3 sorbed to sludge in a manner that was independent of changes in pH during sewage treatment, and more than 70% of the total amount of these compounds passing through the plant was ultimately found in the digested sludge. The results suggest that @entity4 undergo thermal degradation during pelleting, but more studies are needed to confirm this. @entity0 was found in the final effluent at approximately the same concentration and mass flow as in the raw sewage, and could not be quantified in any solid sample. Predicted environmental concentrations, based on consumption data for Ume   municipality, correlated well with the results obtained, especially when the predicted concentrations were corrected to account for the amount of each active substance excreted in urine. The results obtained were compared to those of previous studies of these three substances' behavior and fate and were found to be similar, although some of the other plants studied employed the various treatment steps in different orders.

title: Behavior of XXXX and @entity0 during mechanical, chemical, and active sludge treatment of sewage water and digestion of sludge.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The behavior and fate of three @entity4 ( @entity5 , @entity2 , and @entity3 ), one @entity6 ( @entity1 ), and @entity0 were investigated at a sewage treatment plant in Ume  , Sweden, in 2004. This plant uses conventional mechanical, chemical, and activated sludge methods to treat the sewage water and digest the sludge; the dewatered digested sludge is pelleted (dry weight > 90% of total weight). Raw sewage water and particles as well as effluents and sludge from specific treatment areas within the plant were sampled. In addition to quantifying the antibiotics within the plant, we characterized the sample matrixes to facilitate evaluation of the results. Of the five substances examined, only @entity5 , @entity3 , and @entity0 were present in concentrations higher than their limits of quantification. @entity5 and @entity3 sorbed to sludge in a manner that was independent of changes in pH during sewage treatment, and more than 70% of the total amount of these compounds passing through the plant was ultimately found in the digested sludge. The results suggest that @entity4 undergo thermal degradation during pelleting, but more studies are needed to confirm this. @entity0 was found in the final effluent at approximately the same concentration and mass flow as in the raw sewage, and could not be quantified in any solid sample. Predicted environmental concentrations, based on consumption data for Ume   municipality, correlated well with the results obtained, especially when the predicted concentrations were corrected to account for the amount of each active substance excreted in urine. The results obtained were compared to those of previous studies of these three substances' behavior and fate and were found to be similar, although some of the other plants studied employed the various treatment steps in different orders.

title: Behavior of @entity4 and XXXX during mechanical, chemical, and active sludge treatment of sewage water and digestion of sludge.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is a multifactorial set of conditions associated with multiple anatomical, physiological, biological, medical and psychological factors that can have major impact on self-esteem, quality of life, mood and relationships. Studies indicate that @entity8 is commonly seen in @entity1 who report a low level of satisfaction with partner relationship and in @entity1 with male partners who have @entity9 . This complexity of @entity8 is augmented by the presence of @entity4 . Negative sexual effects are widely reported in studies of @entity1 with @entity4 (such as @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity11 , @entity2 , @entity14 , lupus, @entity10 , @entity5 , @entity7 and @entity12 ) as compared to a general healthy female population. Physical problems, emotional problems and partnership difficulties arising from disease-related stress contribute to less active and less enjoyable sex life. @entity12 , @entity13 , low self-esteem as well as use of medications might reduce sexual function. These effects of @entity4 on female sexual function still remain largely unstudied. The study by Manor and Zohar published in this issue of Harefuah draws our attention to the @entity8 of @entity1 with @entity0 and examines their needs for information regarding their sexual function. In the absence of definite treatment evidence, psychological counseling, improved vaginal lubrication, low dose of hormonal therapy can be used to relieve @entity8 . Physicians must consider integrating diagnosis of their female @entity1 ' @entity8 , especially @entity1 with @entity4 . @entity1 ' education and counseling may contribute to a better quality of life in spite of their @entity4 .

title: [Female sexual function and XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Thallium lung uptake (TL-uptake) was usually treated as background for myocardial image and increase of TL-uptake in exercise test was considered as marker of @entity2 . It was reported that marked increase of TL-uptake in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) corresponded to acute severe @entity5 . Here effect of TL-uptake on myocardial planar images was studied in 61 @entity0 with @entity4 . In acute phase anterior, LAO 30 degrees and LAO 60 degrees myocardial images were collected. In 29 cases of 61 cases 3 to 6 hours delayed images could be collected. Each myocardial images was divided to 3 division and both images were compared. In 5 of 6 @entity0 with marked increase of TL-uptake new defects were noted in anterior division of delayed images and in one case also in lateral division. In 7 @entity0 of 12 @entity0 with moderate increase of TL-uptake new defects were also noted in delayed images, i.e. 3 in anterior, 3 in inferior and one in apical division. It was concluded that over estimation of @entity1 due to marked increase of TL-uptake was often noted in @entity0 with @entity4 accompanying severe @entity3 . It became clear that delayed images were necessary to correctly estimate @entity1 in such case.

title: [Overestimation of XXXX due to an increase in thallium uptake by the lung].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examines the outcomes of mitral valve repair in a defined group of @entity0 with @entity2 caused by advanced @entity3 . METHODS: Advanced @entity5 was defined as a degenerative process whereby both leaflets are voluminous and aneurysmal and the mitral annulus diameter exceeds 40 mm and has @entity4 , as determined by means of echocardiographic analysis. Over a 16-year period, we identified 183 @entity0 who underwent valve repair in this subgroup of @entity3 . The repair consisted of relocating the posterior mitral annulus to the endocardium of the left ventricle at the atrioventricular junction, correction of leaflet prolapse, and annuloplasty. Analysis of perioperative variables and postoperative outcomes were undertaken. The mean follow-up was 5.9 +/- 4.2 years and complete. RESULTS: The @entity0 ' mean age was 52 years, and 118 were @entity0 . All @entity0 had @entity2 preoperatively. There were no early and only 8 late @entity1 (2 valve-related @entity1 ). The survival at 10 years was 92% +/- 3%. Six @entity0 required reoperation on the mitral valve, 5 for recurrent severe @entity2 . The freedom from reoperation at 10 years was 93% +/- 3%. Six @entity0 had severe and 21 had moderate @entity2 . The freedom from recurrent moderate or severe @entity2 at 10 years was 80% +/- 5%. We could not identify independent predictors of recurrent @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Mitral valve repair for advanced @entity3 on the mitral valve provides excellent early functional results, but late recurrent regurgitation is common, despite correction of dilated and displaced mitral annulus and leaflet prolapse.

title: Mitral valve repair for advanced @entity3 with XXXX of the mitral annulus.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examines the outcomes of mitral valve repair in a defined group of @entity0 with @entity2 caused by advanced @entity3 . METHODS: Advanced @entity5 was defined as a degenerative process whereby both leaflets are voluminous and aneurysmal and the mitral annulus diameter exceeds 40 mm and has @entity4 , as determined by means of echocardiographic analysis. Over a 16-year period, we identified 183 @entity0 who underwent valve repair in this subgroup of @entity3 . The repair consisted of relocating the posterior mitral annulus to the endocardium of the left ventricle at the atrioventricular junction, correction of leaflet prolapse, and annuloplasty. Analysis of perioperative variables and postoperative outcomes were undertaken. The mean follow-up was 5.9 +/- 4.2 years and complete. RESULTS: The @entity0 ' mean age was 52 years, and 118 were @entity0 . All @entity0 had @entity2 preoperatively. There were no early and only 8 late @entity1 (2 valve-related @entity1 ). The survival at 10 years was 92% +/- 3%. Six @entity0 required reoperation on the mitral valve, 5 for recurrent severe @entity2 . The freedom from reoperation at 10 years was 93% +/- 3%. Six @entity0 had severe and 21 had moderate @entity2 . The freedom from recurrent moderate or severe @entity2 at 10 years was 80% +/- 5%. We could not identify independent predictors of recurrent @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Mitral valve repair for advanced @entity3 on the mitral valve provides excellent early functional results, but late recurrent regurgitation is common, despite correction of dilated and displaced mitral annulus and leaflet prolapse.

title: Mitral valve repair for advanced XXXX with @entity4 of the mitral annulus.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity13 phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a pivotal role in the recruitment and activation of certain inflammatory cells. Recent findings revealed that the activity of @entity13 also contributes to allergen-IgE-induced mast cell activation and vascular permeability. We investigated the role of @entity13 in @entity1 and hyperresponsiveness using @entity14 , a selective @entity13 inhibitor, in a @entity0 @entity5 model. BALB/c @entity0 were sensitized with OVA and, upon OVA aerosol challenge, developed airway @entity9 , mucus hypersecretion, elevation in cytokine and chemokine levels, up-regulation of @entity12 and @entity11 expression, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Intratracheal administration of @entity14 significantly (P<0.05) attenuated OVA-induced influx into lungs of total leukocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, as well as levels of @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity8 , and @entity6 in a dose-dependent manner. @entity14 also significantly (P<0.05) reduced the serum levels of total IgE and OVA-specific IgE and LTC(4) release into the airspace. Histological studies show that @entity14 inhibited OVA-induced lung tissue @entity9 , airway mucus production, and @entity1 score. In addition, @entity14 significantly (P<0.05) suppressed OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled @entity10 . Western blot analyses of whole lung tissue lysates shows that @entity14 markedly attenuated the OVA-induced increase in expression of @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity8 , @entity12 , @entity11 , @entity6 , and @entity7 . Furthermore, @entity14 treatment markedly attenuated OVA-induced @entity4 phosphorylation of Akt, a downstream effector of PI3K signaling. Taken together, our findings implicate that inhibition of @entity13 signaling pathway may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of @entity1 .

title: Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta attenuates @entity1 and hyperresponsiveness in XXXX @entity5 model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity13 phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a pivotal role in the recruitment and activation of certain inflammatory cells. Recent findings revealed that the activity of @entity13 also contributes to allergen-IgE-induced mast cell activation and vascular permeability. We investigated the role of @entity13 in @entity1 and hyperresponsiveness using @entity14 , a selective @entity13 inhibitor, in a @entity0 @entity5 model. BALB/c @entity0 were sensitized with OVA and, upon OVA aerosol challenge, developed airway @entity9 , mucus hypersecretion, elevation in cytokine and chemokine levels, up-regulation of @entity12 and @entity11 expression, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Intratracheal administration of @entity14 significantly (P<0.05) attenuated OVA-induced influx into lungs of total leukocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, as well as levels of @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity8 , and @entity6 in a dose-dependent manner. @entity14 also significantly (P<0.05) reduced the serum levels of total IgE and OVA-specific IgE and LTC(4) release into the airspace. Histological studies show that @entity14 inhibited OVA-induced lung tissue @entity9 , airway mucus production, and @entity1 score. In addition, @entity14 significantly (P<0.05) suppressed OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled @entity10 . Western blot analyses of whole lung tissue lysates shows that @entity14 markedly attenuated the OVA-induced increase in expression of @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity8 , @entity12 , @entity11 , @entity6 , and @entity7 . Furthermore, @entity14 treatment markedly attenuated OVA-induced @entity4 phosphorylation of Akt, a downstream effector of PI3K signaling. Taken together, our findings implicate that inhibition of @entity13 signaling pathway may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of @entity1 .

title: Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta attenuates XXXX and hyperresponsiveness in @entity0 @entity5 model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity13 phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) plays a pivotal role in the recruitment and activation of certain inflammatory cells. Recent findings revealed that the activity of @entity13 also contributes to allergen-IgE-induced mast cell activation and vascular permeability. We investigated the role of @entity13 in @entity1 and hyperresponsiveness using @entity14 , a selective @entity13 inhibitor, in a @entity0 @entity5 model. BALB/c @entity0 were sensitized with OVA and, upon OVA aerosol challenge, developed airway @entity9 , mucus hypersecretion, elevation in cytokine and chemokine levels, up-regulation of @entity12 and @entity11 expression, and airway hyperresponsiveness. Intratracheal administration of @entity14 significantly (P<0.05) attenuated OVA-induced influx into lungs of total leukocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, and lymphocytes, as well as levels of @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity8 , and @entity6 in a dose-dependent manner. @entity14 also significantly (P<0.05) reduced the serum levels of total IgE and OVA-specific IgE and LTC(4) release into the airspace. Histological studies show that @entity14 inhibited OVA-induced lung tissue @entity9 , airway mucus production, and @entity1 score. In addition, @entity14 significantly (P<0.05) suppressed OVA-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to inhaled @entity10 . Western blot analyses of whole lung tissue lysates shows that @entity14 markedly attenuated the OVA-induced increase in expression of @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity8 , @entity12 , @entity11 , @entity6 , and @entity7 . Furthermore, @entity14 treatment markedly attenuated OVA-induced @entity4 phosphorylation of Akt, a downstream effector of PI3K signaling. Taken together, our findings implicate that inhibition of @entity13 signaling pathway may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of @entity1 .

title: Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta attenuates @entity1 and hyperresponsiveness in @entity0 XXXX model.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity2 can be classified as eosinophilic or non-eosinophilic based on the cell profile of induced sputum. This classification can help determine whether @entity1 treatment is indicated. We assessed the stability of these phenotypes over time and with different treatment regimens. METHODS: Clinically stable, non-smoking, asthmatic adults were enrolled in one of two studies. In study one, induced sputum cell counts from 28 subjects were analysed after 4 weeks without @entity1 treatment and after 6 week treatments with placebo, regular inhaled beta-agonist, inhaled @entity1 , and combined beta-agonist and @entity1 . In study two, sputum from 26 subjects with @entity3 was analysed after 12 weeks of placebo and after four 2-week @entity1 washouts. Sputum with <2% eosinophils was classified as non-eosinophilic. RESULTS: Sputum classification changed frequently in both studies. In study one, only one of eight @entity0 with non-eosinophilic sputum after placebo treatment remained non-eosinophilic throughout. In study two, all of @entity0 had at least one eosinophilic sputum sample, despite the fact that all had been non-eosinophilic at recruitment. @entity2 was uncommon in both studies and was also inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS: The phenotypic classification of asthma changes frequently. A diagnosis of @entity3 should not be based on a single sputum sample.

title: XXXX phenotypes: consistency of classification using induced sputum.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of routine intravenous pyelography (IVP), rectoscopy and additional imaging techniques like computed tomography (CT) and abdominal ultrasonography (USG) for the evaluation of @entity0 with @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 97 @entity0 with @entity5 (82 endometrioid and 15 non-endometrioid type) of all stages (Stage I = 65, II = 14, III = 13, IV = 5) were included in the study. Of these, 50 @entity0 were admitted because of @entity3 , 24 with irregular @entity6 and 7 with @entity1 and leucorrhea, whereas the others had no complaints. Only one @entity0 had symptoms related to the gastrointestinal system, but none for the urinary system. Preoperative CT (n = 45), IVP (n = 78), rectoscopy (n = 46), and USG or colonoscopy (n = 37) were performed on our @entity0 . All the @entity0 had total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, with/without pelvic (n = 81) and paraaortic (n = 34) lymphonodectomy, and omentectomy (n = 35). RESULTS: In 39 of 45 @entity0 who had CT, it had no effect on the operation and did not facilitate the operation. In two @entity0 there were pathological findings on CT and some interventions (resection and @entity2 ) were performed on the gastrointestinal tract in these @entity0 . However, CT had overcome pathological findings related with the gastrointestinal or urinary systems in four @entity0 , who needed interventions to these systems during the operation. CT was not performed on six @entity0 who needed interventions to the gastrointestinal system during the operations. Three @entity0 had pathological findings (fissure, external compression) in rectoscopy, but only one @entity0 had ileo-transverstomy, in which rectoscopic finding had not predicted the necessity of that procedure. Out of 78 IVP, the only finding was external compression to the bladder in 38 @entity0 , and this finding had no contribution to the operation. Among @entity0 who had USG or colonoscopy (n = 37) performed, five had pathological findings that contributed to the extensiveness or the mode of the operations (liver nodules, @entity4 in the colon). CONCLUSIONS: Routine preoperative computed tomography, intravenous pyelography, rectoscopy or abdominal USG and colonoscopy have little impact on the decision and the prediction of the extensiveness of the operation.

title: Do routine preoperative imaging techniques facilitate the operation in XXXX ?

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The Family Support Program was created to support @entity0 and parenting when one of the parents has incurable @entity1 . We chose a family-based approach to support parent's coping and to help families pull together, identify strengths in the family and learn how to seek help. BACKGROUND: @entity1 is usually a new experience for young families. In most cases, parents do not have the necessary knowledge about their @entity0 's need for information and support about their parent's serious illness and @entity2 . DESIGN: A qualitative evaluation study based on data collected through in-depth interviews focusing on parent's experiences with the Family Support Program. METHODS: @entity0 were @entity0 with incurable @entity1 and their partners and ex-partners with @entity0 aged between 5-18 years. Thirteen parents were in-depth interviewed. RESULTS: Parents described how the Family Support Program helped them gain greater insight into their @entity0 's thoughts and reactions and into how the situation affected their daily living. Parents reported that conflicts were reduced, they could talk more openly about the situation in the family and that they were shown how to support their @entity0 's coping. CONCLUSION: The Family Support Program met the parents in the study's needs for more information and support about how to cope with their @entity0 during the @entity0 's @entity3 . RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: The Family Support Program is described in detail in a manual that makes it easy for other health workers to use the same programme. The Family Support program was in use in outpatient clinics, oncology wards and palliative care units and was provided both from nurses and social workers trained in @entity1 care. Parent's in the study would like the Family Support Program to be available to all @entity0 who receive the poor prognosis that their @entity1 cannot be cured.

title: Parents' experiences of a Family Support Program when a parent has incurable XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this pilot study was to compare the efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency to the greater occipital nerve versus a @entity4 with a mixture of local anaesthetic and @entity2 in the management of refractory cervicogenic @entity1 . We enrolled 30 @entity0 suffering from refractory cervicogenic @entity1 . @entity0 were randomly allocated into two groups of fifteen. A @entity4 with @entity2 was utilised in group A, while a pulsed radiofrequency treatment was employed in group B. Success of both procedures was evaluated by comparing pre and post intervention Visual Analogue Scale of @entity3 , Medication Quantification Scale - III. and Global Perceived Effect at three and 9 months after the procedures. At three months post therapy a significant decrease in Visual Analogue Scale (p<0.001) was identified (3.2 points in group A, 3.3 points in group B respectively). In group B @entity3 remained reduced even after 9 months (p<0.001) when compared to pre treatment scores. The consumption of analgesic medication was reduced significantly in both groups at three months (p<0.001) and 9 months (p<0.01), respectively. No serious complication was noted. Greater occipital nerve block is a safe, efficient technique in the management of @entity5 . Despite the lack of high quality scientific evidence (level III or IV) in the literature, we have extensive experience with @entity2 application and pulsed radiofrequency to the greater occipital nerve and report the beneficial results in our study.

title: Pulsed radiofrequency therapy versus @entity4 in the management of refractory cervicogenic XXXX - a pilot study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this pilot study was to compare the efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency to the greater occipital nerve versus a @entity4 with a mixture of local anaesthetic and @entity2 in the management of refractory cervicogenic @entity1 . We enrolled 30 @entity0 suffering from refractory cervicogenic @entity1 . @entity0 were randomly allocated into two groups of fifteen. A @entity4 with @entity2 was utilised in group A, while a pulsed radiofrequency treatment was employed in group B. Success of both procedures was evaluated by comparing pre and post intervention Visual Analogue Scale of @entity3 , Medication Quantification Scale - III. and Global Perceived Effect at three and 9 months after the procedures. At three months post therapy a significant decrease in Visual Analogue Scale (p<0.001) was identified (3.2 points in group A, 3.3 points in group B respectively). In group B @entity3 remained reduced even after 9 months (p<0.001) when compared to pre treatment scores. The consumption of analgesic medication was reduced significantly in both groups at three months (p<0.001) and 9 months (p<0.01), respectively. No serious complication was noted. Greater occipital nerve block is a safe, efficient technique in the management of @entity5 . Despite the lack of high quality scientific evidence (level III or IV) in the literature, we have extensive experience with @entity2 application and pulsed radiofrequency to the greater occipital nerve and report the beneficial results in our study.

title: Pulsed radiofrequency therapy versus XXXX in the management of refractory cervicogenic @entity1 - a pilot study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The most widely used method for measuring free @entity1 (FT) is by analog immunoassay (aFT); however, this assay has been criticized as unreliable based on laboratory studies in small groups of @entity0 . Calculated FT (cFT), derived from total @entity1 (TT) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) values has been recommended in its place. There are limited data comparing aFT and cFT in clinical populations. AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare aFT with cFT in a population of ambulatory @entity0 in a clinical setting. METHODS: Medical records were reviewed for 100 randomly selected @entity0 in a urology practice, yielding 140 test results complete for TT, aFT, and @entity2 . Calculated FT was determined via an online calculator. Comparisons were made with @entity3 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pearson rank correlation between aFT and cFT. RESULTS: Mean @entity0 age was 52.3 +/- 14.3 years (range 24-80). Mean TT was 443.0 +/- 208.3 ng/dL (range 110-1276). Mean aFT was 1.22 +/- 0.54 ng/dL (range 0.24-3.8) and mean cFT 9.4 +/- 4.5 ng/dL (range 1.8-27.8). Mean @entity2 was 34.2 +/- 19.5 nmol/L (range 9-127). A strong correlation was observed for aFT and cFT (r = 0.88, P < 0.0001), particularly at low concentrations. Significant correlations were also noted between aFT and TT (r = 0.73, P < 0.0001), and between cFT and TT (r = 0.82, P < 0.0001). Numerical values for aFT were approximately one-eighth of the values obtained for cFT. Neither aFT nor cFT correlated with @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: A strong correlation was observed between aFT and cFT in this clinical population of ambulatory @entity0 . Different sets of reference values must be applied for each of these tests.

title: Comparison of free XXXX results by analog radioimmunoassay and calculated free @entity1 in an ambulatory clinical population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The most widely used method for measuring free @entity1 (FT) is by analog immunoassay (aFT); however, this assay has been criticized as unreliable based on laboratory studies in small groups of @entity0 . Calculated FT (cFT), derived from total @entity1 (TT) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) values has been recommended in its place. There are limited data comparing aFT and cFT in clinical populations. AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare aFT with cFT in a population of ambulatory @entity0 in a clinical setting. METHODS: Medical records were reviewed for 100 randomly selected @entity0 in a urology practice, yielding 140 test results complete for TT, aFT, and @entity2 . Calculated FT was determined via an online calculator. Comparisons were made with @entity3 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pearson rank correlation between aFT and cFT. RESULTS: Mean @entity0 age was 52.3 +/- 14.3 years (range 24-80). Mean TT was 443.0 +/- 208.3 ng/dL (range 110-1276). Mean aFT was 1.22 +/- 0.54 ng/dL (range 0.24-3.8) and mean cFT 9.4 +/- 4.5 ng/dL (range 1.8-27.8). Mean @entity2 was 34.2 +/- 19.5 nmol/L (range 9-127). A strong correlation was observed for aFT and cFT (r = 0.88, P < 0.0001), particularly at low concentrations. Significant correlations were also noted between aFT and TT (r = 0.73, P < 0.0001), and between cFT and TT (r = 0.82, P < 0.0001). Numerical values for aFT were approximately one-eighth of the values obtained for cFT. Neither aFT nor cFT correlated with @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: A strong correlation was observed between aFT and cFT in this clinical population of ambulatory @entity0 . Different sets of reference values must be applied for each of these tests.

title: Comparison of free @entity1 results by analog radioimmunoassay and calculated free XXXX in an ambulatory clinical population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate various strategies aimed at improving adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS: @entity0 initiated on ART at Muhimbili National Hospital @entity2 clinic were randomly assigned to either regular adherence counseling, regular counseling plus a calendar, or regular counseling and a treatment assistant. @entity0 were seen monthly; during these meetings self-reported adherence to treatment was recorded. Disease progression was monitored clinically and immunologically. RESULTS: Of the 621 @entity0 randomized, 312 received regular counseling only, 242 regular counseling and calendars, while 67 had treatment assistants in addition to regular counseling. The mean (SD) follow-up time was 14.5 (4.6) months. During follow-up 20 (3.2%) @entity0 died, and 102 (16.4%) were lost to follow-up; this was similar in all groups. In 94.8% of all visits, @entity0 reported to have adhered to treatment. In only 39 (0.7%) visits did @entity0 report a < or = 95% adherence. There were no differences in adherence (P = 0.573) or differences in @entity1 count and weight changes over time in the interventions. CONCLUSIONS: Good adherence to ART is possible in resource constrained countries. Persistent adherence counseling in clinic settings by itself may be effective in improving adherence to ART.

title: Enhancing adherence to antiretroviral therapy at the XXXX clinic in resource constrained countries; the Tanzanian experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To prospectively analyze the association between changes in cognitive function and circulating anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) over a period of 5 years in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Cognitive function was assessed in 51 unselected female @entity2 @entity0 at baseline and after a mean followup of 64.5 months (range 52-71 months), using standardized tests of cognitive function, i.e., the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised, the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, and the California Verbal Learning Test. Circulating IgG, IgA, and IgM aCL and anti-double-stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibody levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on 4-7 occasions over the same time period. Persistent antibody reactivity was defined as levels more than 2 standard deviations (moderately positive) and more than 5 standard deviations (highly positive) above the mean for normal controls over the duration of the study. Changes in overall cognitive performance and in raw scores on individual cognitive tests were compared in @entity0 who were persistently positive or negative for aCL. RESULTS: At baseline 11 @entity0 (22%) were cognitively impaired, compared with 7 (14%) at followup. Between 16% and 37% of @entity0 had persistently elevated aCL levels of different isotypes. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of overall @entity1 in @entity0 who were persistently positive for aCL compared with those who were not. In contrast, over the period of study, @entity0 who had persistent IgG aCL positivity had a reduction in psychomotor speed, and @entity0 who had persistent IgA aCL positivity had a reduction in conceptual reasoning and executive ability. Similar associations with anti-dsDNA antibodies were not found. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that IgG and IgA aCL may be responsible for long-term subtle deterioration in cognitive function in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: A prospective analysis of cognitive function and anticardiolipin antibodies in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship between persistently raised anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) levels and neuropsychological performance in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: Forty-five @entity0 with @entity1 underwent a detailed neuropsychological assessment on 2 occasions 12-18 months apart. Serum samples stored since the time of previous assessments as well as samples obtained 6 months to 2 years before the first neuropsychological assessment were tested for IgG aCL levels. @entity0 were divided into 4 groups according to the number of times their aCL levels were elevated (never, once, twice, 3 times). A wide-ranging battery of new neuropsychological tests was utilized, and the results were compared with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibody levels, C3 levels, and results of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS: Analysis of variance revealed that the group with persistently elevated aCL levels performed less well than the other groups. At the first neuropsychological assessment, poorer performance by this group was noted for letter cancellation (P = 0.02), trail making task B (P = 0.04), and digit span (P = 0.03). At the second assessment, letter cancellation (P = 0.01), trail making task A (P = 0.03), trail making task B (P = 0.01), word fluency (P = 0.01), and reaction time (P = 0.05) were impaired. In contrast, no significant differences in neuropsychological test results were identified with respect to DNA antibody or C3 levels. MRI abnormalities were associated with both persistent elevation of aCL levels and low C3 levels. CONCLUSION: Levels of IgG aCL that were persistently elevated over a 2-3-year period (as opposed to never or occasionally elevated) were associated with significantly poorer performance in cognitive function by @entity0 with @entity1 . Tasks requiring speed of attention and concentration appear to be particularly affected.

title: A longitudinal study of anticardiolipin antibody levels and cognitive functioning in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is the main type of primary @entity2 , and it develops from hepatocytes. The stroma of @entity3 is infiltrated by myofibroblasts. In other settings, such as @entity4 , myofibroblasts are derived mainly from the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC). In this study, we investigated whether tumoral hepatocytes were able to activate HSC. HSC were isolated from normal @entity1 and were plated in dishes coated with Matrigel, to prevent their spontaneous activation. HSC were exposed to conditioned medium (CM) from the @entity1 @entity3 lines Fao and H5. Tumor cell CM elicited major morphologic changes, such as spreading and generation of cytoplasmic processes. Fao and H5 CM increased HSC proliferation to 1.60 and 1.76 times control values, respectively. The expression of @entity6 was low or undetectable in control cells and was markedly increased by both @entity0 cell CM but not by normal @entity1 hepatocyte CM. @entity7 expression was also enhanced. @entity8 secretion was significantly increased 1.20-fold by Fao CM and 1.55-fold by H5 CM. Expression of @entity9 mRNA was increased 5.8-fold by H5 CM but was decreased to 13% of control levels by Fao CM. HSC activation by @entity0 cell CM was not prevented by urokinase or matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors, suggesting that Matrigel degradation was not central to the activation process. Finally, a blocking antibody to @entity5 did not impede Fao CM-induced activation but significantly blocked the increase in @entity8 expression induced by H5 CM. Our results show that tumoral @entity1 hepatocyte CM is able to induce the activation of @entity1 HSC in culture. The lack of induction of @entity9 mRNA by Fao CM indicates that, in some cases, @entity0 -induced activation differs from classic fibrosis-type activation. Our data thus suggest that HSC recruitment and activation in @entity3 could be under the control of @entity0 cells.

title: Activation of cultured XXXX hepatic stellate cells by tumoral hepatocytes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) has recently been shown to be the most potent inhibitor of angiogenesis in the @entity0 eye, suggesting that loss of @entity10 is involved in the pathogenesis of proliferative @entity1 . However, a protective role for @entity10 in pericyte loss requires elucidation. Present studies suggest that @entity10 proteins could protect against advanced glycation end product (AGE), which induce @entity6 . Substitution of @entity10 proteins may be a promising strategy in the treatment of @entity0 with early @entity1 . Therefore, injury of @entity6 is the basic condition, not only of the progress of @entity9 , but initiation of early @entity5 and @entity7 as well. Recently new intravitreal drugs being used in the treatment of @entity8 with increased level of VEGE. Intravitreally administered a human, monoclonal anti- @entity2 agent acts only as symptomatic treatment. It does not eliminate @entity4 and requires repeated administration. It is worth emphasizing, that @entity2 functions are not limited to active angiogenesis, but also seems to require the maintenance and differentiation of mature blood vessels, such as the choriocapillaris. Therefore, delivery of these anti- @entity2 treatments needs to be specific to sites of @entity9 or limited to a short duration, to prevent disruption of the normal vasculature. The effective method, which preserves @entity6 , improves oxygenation and release traction on the macula, leading to decreased permeability with subsequent resolution in @entity7 , is pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling. There are several investigations that support the theoretical value of vitrectomy for the treatment of @entity7 . Intraoperative administration of anti- @entity2 agent and @entity3 may additionally improve results of operative treatment.

title: [Role of the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in the pathogenesis and treatment of XXXX ( @entity7 )].

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) has recently been shown to be the most potent inhibitor of angiogenesis in the @entity0 eye, suggesting that loss of @entity10 is involved in the pathogenesis of proliferative @entity1 . However, a protective role for @entity10 in pericyte loss requires elucidation. Present studies suggest that @entity10 proteins could protect against advanced glycation end product (AGE), which induce @entity6 . Substitution of @entity10 proteins may be a promising strategy in the treatment of @entity0 with early @entity1 . Therefore, injury of @entity6 is the basic condition, not only of the progress of @entity9 , but initiation of early @entity5 and @entity7 as well. Recently new intravitreal drugs being used in the treatment of @entity8 with increased level of VEGE. Intravitreally administered a human, monoclonal anti- @entity2 agent acts only as symptomatic treatment. It does not eliminate @entity4 and requires repeated administration. It is worth emphasizing, that @entity2 functions are not limited to active angiogenesis, but also seems to require the maintenance and differentiation of mature blood vessels, such as the choriocapillaris. Therefore, delivery of these anti- @entity2 treatments needs to be specific to sites of @entity9 or limited to a short duration, to prevent disruption of the normal vasculature. The effective method, which preserves @entity6 , improves oxygenation and release traction on the macula, leading to decreased permeability with subsequent resolution in @entity7 , is pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling. There are several investigations that support the theoretical value of vitrectomy for the treatment of @entity7 . Intraoperative administration of anti- @entity2 agent and @entity3 may additionally improve results of operative treatment.

title: [Role of the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in the pathogenesis and treatment of @entity7 ( XXXX )].

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) has recently been shown to be the most potent inhibitor of angiogenesis in the @entity0 eye, suggesting that loss of @entity10 is involved in the pathogenesis of proliferative @entity1 . However, a protective role for @entity10 in pericyte loss requires elucidation. Present studies suggest that @entity10 proteins could protect against advanced glycation end product (AGE), which induce @entity6 . Substitution of @entity10 proteins may be a promising strategy in the treatment of @entity0 with early @entity1 . Therefore, injury of @entity6 is the basic condition, not only of the progress of @entity9 , but initiation of early @entity5 and @entity7 as well. Recently new intravitreal drugs being used in the treatment of @entity8 with increased level of VEGE. Intravitreally administered a human, monoclonal anti- @entity2 agent acts only as symptomatic treatment. It does not eliminate @entity4 and requires repeated administration. It is worth emphasizing, that @entity2 functions are not limited to active angiogenesis, but also seems to require the maintenance and differentiation of mature blood vessels, such as the choriocapillaris. Therefore, delivery of these anti- @entity2 treatments needs to be specific to sites of @entity9 or limited to a short duration, to prevent disruption of the normal vasculature. The effective method, which preserves @entity6 , improves oxygenation and release traction on the macula, leading to decreased permeability with subsequent resolution in @entity7 , is pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling. There are several investigations that support the theoretical value of vitrectomy for the treatment of @entity7 . Intraoperative administration of anti- @entity2 agent and @entity3 may additionally improve results of operative treatment.

title: [Role of the XXXX ( @entity6 ) in the pathogenesis and treatment of @entity7 ( @entity7 )].

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) has recently been shown to be the most potent inhibitor of angiogenesis in the @entity0 eye, suggesting that loss of @entity10 is involved in the pathogenesis of proliferative @entity1 . However, a protective role for @entity10 in pericyte loss requires elucidation. Present studies suggest that @entity10 proteins could protect against advanced glycation end product (AGE), which induce @entity6 . Substitution of @entity10 proteins may be a promising strategy in the treatment of @entity0 with early @entity1 . Therefore, injury of @entity6 is the basic condition, not only of the progress of @entity9 , but initiation of early @entity5 and @entity7 as well. Recently new intravitreal drugs being used in the treatment of @entity8 with increased level of VEGE. Intravitreally administered a human, monoclonal anti- @entity2 agent acts only as symptomatic treatment. It does not eliminate @entity4 and requires repeated administration. It is worth emphasizing, that @entity2 functions are not limited to active angiogenesis, but also seems to require the maintenance and differentiation of mature blood vessels, such as the choriocapillaris. Therefore, delivery of these anti- @entity2 treatments needs to be specific to sites of @entity9 or limited to a short duration, to prevent disruption of the normal vasculature. The effective method, which preserves @entity6 , improves oxygenation and release traction on the macula, leading to decreased permeability with subsequent resolution in @entity7 , is pars plana vitrectomy with ILM peeling. There are several investigations that support the theoretical value of vitrectomy for the treatment of @entity7 . Intraoperative administration of anti- @entity2 agent and @entity3 may additionally improve results of operative treatment.

title: [Role of the @entity6 ( XXXX ) in the pathogenesis and treatment of @entity7 ( @entity7 )].

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 rarely causes @entity4 , but when it does the course can be severe and case fatality rates high. The article describes clinical and laboratory findings as well as treatment and outcome among @entity0 treated for @entity4 at the Department of @entity2 , Rigshospitalet from 1983-2006. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity0 records were reviewed for all adults with a diagnosis of @entity4 . RESULTS: A total of 40 @entity0 with a discharge diagnosis of @entity4 were identified; records for 36 of these were available. 61% were @entity0 and 72% were older than 50 years. 64% had underlying, predisposing illnesses or took immunosuppressant medication. At presentation, @entity0 had @entity3 , neck stiffness, @entity1 and/or change in mental status. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell count was raised in all @entity0 , but the number and differential count of leukocytes in the CSF varied. @entity6 was present in blood and/or CSF from all @entity0 . Treatment records were available for 35 @entity0 , all of whom received @entity5 . Four @entity0 died; they all had underlying diseases and three were older than 50 years. CONCLUSION: The present study confirms the findings of other studies showing that @entity4 is more common in @entity0 with underlying conditions, immunosuppression or age above 50. The case fatality rate is lower than that found in other reports, which could be due to the selection of @entity0 . Listeriosis is an important differential diagnosis in predisposed individuals.

title: [ @entity4 at the Department of XXXX , Copenhagen University Hospital 1983-2006].

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 rarely causes @entity4 , but when it does the course can be severe and case fatality rates high. The article describes clinical and laboratory findings as well as treatment and outcome among @entity0 treated for @entity4 at the Department of @entity2 , Rigshospitalet from 1983-2006. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity0 records were reviewed for all adults with a diagnosis of @entity4 . RESULTS: A total of 40 @entity0 with a discharge diagnosis of @entity4 were identified; records for 36 of these were available. 61% were @entity0 and 72% were older than 50 years. 64% had underlying, predisposing illnesses or took immunosuppressant medication. At presentation, @entity0 had @entity3 , neck stiffness, @entity1 and/or change in mental status. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cell count was raised in all @entity0 , but the number and differential count of leukocytes in the CSF varied. @entity6 was present in blood and/or CSF from all @entity0 . Treatment records were available for 35 @entity0 , all of whom received @entity5 . Four @entity0 died; they all had underlying diseases and three were older than 50 years. CONCLUSION: The present study confirms the findings of other studies showing that @entity4 is more common in @entity0 with underlying conditions, immunosuppression or age above 50. The case fatality rate is lower than that found in other reports, which could be due to the selection of @entity0 . Listeriosis is an important differential diagnosis in predisposed individuals.

title: [ XXXX at the Department of @entity2 , Copenhagen University Hospital 1983-2006].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Conditioned media of Kupffer cells from normal @entity0 liver produce in culture two factors that inhibit fibroblast proliferation. The inhibitory factors have molecular masses of approximately 25 and 5 kDa. In contrasts to these results, the conditioned media of Kupffer and mononuclear macrophagic cells, obtained 48 hours after CC1(4) administration to @entity0 , contains a 17 kDa @entity5 ( @entity5 ). @entity5 also stimulates @entity2 incorporation into DNA of cultured @entity0 liver fat-storing cells. Two peaks with @entity5 activity were demonstrated after isoelectrofocusing; one with a pI of 6.1 and a second with a pI of 7.5. The fraction containing @entity5 is devoid of interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity and no inhibitory activity is detected in this conditioned media. Production of @entity5 is inhibitable by @entity4 but not by @entity3 , it is thermolabile and trypsin-sensitive. In animals treated chronically with CC1(4) to produce @entity1 , @entity5 activity is demonstrable from the first to the 8th week of treatment. However, the activity is lower at 8 weeks post-CC1(4) as compared with 2 weeks. The results suggest that homeostasis of cells in the liver is controlled by factors produced locally, that act by autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. When homeostasis is altered, fibroblast proliferation occurs, and excess collagen deposition leads to @entity1 . We propose that the antifibrogenic activity of @entity4 is associated, in part, with its capacity to inhibit the release of @entity5 by Kupffer cells and liver mononuclear macrophage cells.

title: Kupffer cells from CC1(4)-treated XXXX livers induce skin fibroblast and liver fat-storing cell proliferation in culture.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: To determine if T or Tk antigen activation is associated with different and more severe manifestations of illness in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ); and if a policy of testing @entity0 with suspected @entity2 or @entity4 for T and Tk antigen activation is effective. METHODS: A case-control study of @entity0 with confirmed @entity4 , born after the introduction of screening, was undertaken:17 activated @entity0 were compared with 28 non-activated controls, matched for gestation and weight. A historical control study compared the outcome of @entity0 before and after the introduction of testing. RESULTS: Of 201 @entity0 with confirmed @entity4 , 27 were T or Tk antigen activated-10 (9%) before and 17 (19%) after the introduction of testing. T or Tk antigen activated @entity0 had a significantly higher mortality (35% vs 7%); more frequent (71% vs 21%) and severe haemolysis, hyperkalaemia, @entity1 , @entity3 ; and they received more colloid for resuscitation. While only known activated @entity0 in both time periods were managed with the use of low titre T antibody blood products, there was a significant increase in mortality (odds ratios 2.6; 95% CI 1.2, 5.6) and incidence of surgery (OR 2.7; 1.5, 4.9) after the introduction of testing. The increased mortality (OR 2.6; 0.8, 5.2) and incidence of surgery (OR 1.8; 0.9, 3.7) were no longer significant after adjustment for several perinatal risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: In a retrospective case-control study, routine testing of at risk @entity0 increased the detection rate of T and Tk antigen activation. The use of low titre T plasma products in these @entity0 did not reduce mortality compared with historical controls. A randomised controlled trial of testing in at risk @entity0 , or of the use of low titre T plasma products in babies with @entity4 and T activation, is warranted.

title: T and Tk antigen activation in XXXX : manifestations, severity of illness, and effectiveness of testing.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In this retrospective study, we evaluated the short- and long-term effects of slow maxillary expansion with @entity2 , hyrax, and quad-helix appliances on posterior crossbite (PXB) correction stability, and maxillary intermolar width and angulation, in the deciduous or early mixed dentition. METHODS: The inclusion criteria were models and treatment notes of @entity0 with PXB at the start of treatment (T1), after PXB correction (T2), and at least 2 years posttreatment (T3). Exclusion criteria were @entity1 , fixed appliance use, or more than 1 expander type. From 312 consecutive expansion @entity0 , 74 @entity2 , 41 hyrax, and 45 quad-helix subjects were evaluated regarding PXB correction, intermolar width, and angulation and compared with published norms to separate treatment effects from growth. The mean ages at T1, T2, and T3 were 8, 9, and 13 years. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in PXB correction stability or treatment response at T2 and T3 among the 3 expanders. Expansion increased intermolar width by 5 mm and tipped each molar by 2.3 degrees. At least 2 years after expander removal, molar width decreased by 1.3 mm, and the molars uprighted by 6 degrees. Compared with noncrossbite norms, PXB subjects had narrower intermolar width before treatment and greater width after expansion, and were slightly wider at least 2 years posttreatment. Both younger age at T1 and retainer use resulted in statistically greater intermolar width at T3. CONCLUSIONS: Eighty-four percent of PXB correction remained with about one third of the initial expansion lost; retainer use and early treatment provided increased intermolar width. @entity2 , hyrax, and quad-helix appliances were equally effective. Slow maxillary expansion altered the PXB @entity0 ' maxillary widths from narrower to slightly wider than the widths of the noncrossbite norms.

title: Treatment response and stability of slow maxillary expansion using XXXX , hyrax, and quad-helix appliances: a retrospective study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Intake of soy protein has been associated with improvements in lipid metabolism, with much attention being focused on the serum @entity1 -lowering property of soy. The component or components of soy that are responsible for improvements in lipid metabolism have been investigated and their specific actions debated. One component, the @entity7 , has been shown to have weak estrogenic activity, and recently, several research groups have suggested that @entity7 are activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The three different isoforms of PPARs (alpha, gamma, and delta) have overlapping tissue distributions and functions associated with lipid metabolism. The goal of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that the effect of @entity7 is mediated through the @entity5 receptor. Male and female 129/Sv @entity0 were obtained, including both wild-type and genetically altered @entity5 knockout @entity0 . Groups of @entity0 were fed high-fat atherogenic diets containing soy protein +/- @entity7 and @entity5 agonist @entity6 for 6 wk. At the end of 6 wk, serum and tissue lipid levels were measured along with hepatic gene expression. Most notably, serum @entity3 were reduced by @entity4 consumption. Compared with intake of a low- @entity4 basal diet, @entity4 intake reduced serum @entity2 levels by 36 and 52% in female and male wild-type @entity0 , respectively, compared with 55 and 52% in @entity6 -treated @entity0 . @entity7 also improved serum @entity2 levels in knockout @entity0 , whereas @entity6 did not, suggesting that two different regulatory mechanisms may be affected by @entity4 intake. @entity4 intake resembled action of @entity6 on @entity5 -regulated gene expression, although less robustly compared with @entity6 . We suggest that, at the levels consumed in this study, @entity4 intake is altering lipid metabolism in a manner consistent with activation of @entity5 and also via a @entity5 -independent mechanism as well.

title: Dietary XXXX supplementation modulates lipid metabolism via @entity5 -dependent and -independent mechanisms.

answer: @entity4