abstract: The neuropeptide galanin (GAL) has recognized physiological actions in the nervous system and other tissues, but there is no documented evidence of GAL influencing normal or pathological bone metabolism. GAL expression, however, is upregulated in central and peripheral nerves following axotomy and is known to influence neural regeneration. Thus, severance of skeletal-associated nerves during @entity1 could similarly increase local GAL concentrations and thereby influence @entity1 healing. The initial aim of this study was therefore to identify the presence of GAL in normal bone and/or @entity1 by assessing the concentration and cellular localization of GAL in intact and/or @entity1 @entity0 rib, using radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Groups of @entity0 (13 weeks old) had their left sixth ribs surgically @entity1 or underwent sham surgery and then calluses and nonfractured rib samples were analyzed at 1 and 2 weeks postsurgery (n = 5-6 per group). Low (basal) concentrations of GAL were detected in control ribs, whereas at 1 and 2 weeks postfracture, callus samples contained markedly increased levels of peptide ( approximately 32- and 18-fold increase, respectively, relative to controls; P < 0.01), revealing a strong upregulation during bone healing. Plasma GAL concentrations were also increased at 2 weeks postfracture (P < 0.005). In normal (nonfractured) rib, minimal levels of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were present in cortical bone, periosteum, endosteum, and surrounding skeletal muscle. In costal cartilage plates, intense GAL- @entity3 was present in all chondrocytes of the @entity2 zone and in a population of chondrocytes in the reserve zone. GAL- @entity3 was not present, however, in chondrocytes in the proliferative zone of costal cartilage or skeletal muscle fibers. In @entity1 , levels of GAL- @entity3 were moderate to intense in osteoprogenitor cells and osteoblasts, in some chondrocytes, and in cartilaginous, osseous, and periosteal matrices. Subsequent studies revealed the presence of @entity4 -like immunoreactivity ( @entity4 - @entity3 ) in most cell types shown to contain GAL- @entity3 , although the distribution of @entity4 - @entity3 was more extensive in reserve zone chondrocytes than that of GAL- @entity3 ; and @entity4 - @entity3 also appeared in late proliferative zone chondrocytes of costal cartilage. In summary, GAL concentrations were significantly increased in @entity1 and plasma of @entity0 that underwent rib @entity1 . In addition, GAL- and @entity4 - @entity3 was also detected in specific cells and structures within costal cartilage, bone, and @entity1 . These results strongly implicate GAL in aspects of cartilage growth plate physiology and @entity1 repair, possibly acting in an autocrine/paracrine fashion via @entity4 .

title: Expression of galanin and @entity4 in normal bone and during @entity1 repair in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Several strategies have been used to detect @entity2 (Hp) infection along two lines: 1) direct detection of the bacteria, and 2) detection of antigen-antibody assay against Hp. The non-invasive methods include ELISA test of serum, salivary and urine, @entity1 breath test, and detection of Hp antigen in stool. The latter method (HpSA) has been proven reliable and better than the ELISA test, for it can detect current @entity4 and is suitable for post-treatment follow-up. Now, a new commercial kit, ImmunoCard STAT HpSA (Meridian Bioscience Europe) has been developed to detect stool Hp antigen. It is simpler and less time-consuming than HpSA. The aim was to examine whether ImmunoCard STAT HpSA is qualified for diagnosis of @entity4 . METHODOLOGY: 253 @entity0 (163 @entity0 , 90 @entity0 , mean age: 53.3 +/- 13.9 y/o, range: 19-89 y/o) were enrolled in this study. All of them had undergone gastroendoscopy and @entity1 breath test. 207 @entity0 were diagnosed with peptic ulcer and 46 with @entity3 . Stool samples were collected within 3 days of their visit for gastroendoscopy and were sent for the Immunocard test. RESULTS: 118 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity4 and of these, 113 were interpreted as positive by means of the Immunocard test. Among the other 135 @entity0 without @entity4 , 123 were interpreted as negative by means of the Immunocard test. Sensitivity and specificity were 95.8% and 91.1%, and positive and negative predictive values were 90.4% and 96.1%. CONCLUSIONS: The ImmunoCard STAT HpSA had high sensitivity, and specificity and could be used for mass screening. We concluded that it is a rapid, simple, cheap, reliable, and non-invasive strategy to detect current @entity4 and can be used in post-Hp eradication follow-up in Taiwan.

title: Evaluation of a newly developed office-based stool test for detecting XXXX : an extensive pilot study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In order to improve local and systemic efficacy of chemotherapeutic interventions we have used a combination of high concentrated plus low continuous regional chemotherapy modulated by @entity6 cytokine in the treatment of inoperable @entity1 . METHODOLOGY: Sixty-six @entity0 with disseminated inoperable @entity1 received continuous intra-arterial chemotherapy with @entity5 plus @entity6 short time application plus chemoembolization Melphalan via an angiographically positioned hepatic artery catheter. The regimen consisted of the following steps: On day 1 + 2 1400 mg/m2 @entity5 administered intra-arterially in a continuous circadian mode, 60 mg/m2 Rescuvolin given i.v. as a 2-hour infusion, 80 micrograms/m2 @entity6 given i.a. as a 1-hour infusion, day 3 chemoembolization with 25 mg/m2 Melphalan plus @entity8 and Gelfoam. RESULTS: 66 @entity0 (38 male/28 female) with a median age of 60.4 years and a median Karnofsky index of 87.3 were treated with 299 cycles of immunochemoembolization. Fifty-four percent of these @entity0 had received prior systemic chemotherapy. Side effects were manifested in all @entity0 , mainly upper @entity3 lasting one to four days and grade 1 or 2 @entity2 . Systemic side effects were mild and transient with a very low rate of @entity4 . Using World Health Organization response criteria, the following responses could be demonstrated @entity7 .0%, PR 42.4%, MR 24.2%, SD 18.2%, NR 12.1%. Time to progression was 8 months. Median survival has not been reached after an observation time of 28 months. Two-year survival was 66%. There was no statistically significant difference between chemonaive @entity0 and @entity0 pretreated by any kind of systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Repetitive high concentrated regional chemotherapy by use of chemoembolization combined with continuous administered @entity5 and supplemented with @entity6 is an effective tool in the therapy of disseminated @entity1 as front line as well as a second-line treatment.

title: Repetitive chemoembolization with melphalan plus intra-arterial immuno-chemotherapy within @entity5 and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) as effective first- and second-line treatment of disseminated XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In order to improve local and systemic efficacy of chemotherapeutic interventions we have used a combination of high concentrated plus low continuous regional chemotherapy modulated by @entity6 cytokine in the treatment of inoperable @entity1 . METHODOLOGY: Sixty-six @entity0 with disseminated inoperable @entity1 received continuous intra-arterial chemotherapy with @entity5 plus @entity6 short time application plus chemoembolization Melphalan via an angiographically positioned hepatic artery catheter. The regimen consisted of the following steps: On day 1 + 2 1400 mg/m2 @entity5 administered intra-arterially in a continuous circadian mode, 60 mg/m2 Rescuvolin given i.v. as a 2-hour infusion, 80 micrograms/m2 @entity6 given i.a. as a 1-hour infusion, day 3 chemoembolization with 25 mg/m2 Melphalan plus @entity8 and Gelfoam. RESULTS: 66 @entity0 (38 male/28 female) with a median age of 60.4 years and a median Karnofsky index of 87.3 were treated with 299 cycles of immunochemoembolization. Fifty-four percent of these @entity0 had received prior systemic chemotherapy. Side effects were manifested in all @entity0 , mainly upper @entity3 lasting one to four days and grade 1 or 2 @entity2 . Systemic side effects were mild and transient with a very low rate of @entity4 . Using World Health Organization response criteria, the following responses could be demonstrated @entity7 .0%, PR 42.4%, MR 24.2%, SD 18.2%, NR 12.1%. Time to progression was 8 months. Median survival has not been reached after an observation time of 28 months. Two-year survival was 66%. There was no statistically significant difference between chemonaive @entity0 and @entity0 pretreated by any kind of systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Repetitive high concentrated regional chemotherapy by use of chemoembolization combined with continuous administered @entity5 and supplemented with @entity6 is an effective tool in the therapy of disseminated @entity1 as front line as well as a second-line treatment.

title: Repetitive chemoembolization with melphalan plus intra-arterial immuno-chemotherapy within XXXX and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) as effective first- and second-line treatment of disseminated @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In order to improve local and systemic efficacy of chemotherapeutic interventions we have used a combination of high concentrated plus low continuous regional chemotherapy modulated by @entity6 cytokine in the treatment of inoperable @entity1 . METHODOLOGY: Sixty-six @entity0 with disseminated inoperable @entity1 received continuous intra-arterial chemotherapy with @entity5 plus @entity6 short time application plus chemoembolization Melphalan via an angiographically positioned hepatic artery catheter. The regimen consisted of the following steps: On day 1 + 2 1400 mg/m2 @entity5 administered intra-arterially in a continuous circadian mode, 60 mg/m2 Rescuvolin given i.v. as a 2-hour infusion, 80 micrograms/m2 @entity6 given i.a. as a 1-hour infusion, day 3 chemoembolization with 25 mg/m2 Melphalan plus @entity8 and Gelfoam. RESULTS: 66 @entity0 (38 male/28 female) with a median age of 60.4 years and a median Karnofsky index of 87.3 were treated with 299 cycles of immunochemoembolization. Fifty-four percent of these @entity0 had received prior systemic chemotherapy. Side effects were manifested in all @entity0 , mainly upper @entity3 lasting one to four days and grade 1 or 2 @entity2 . Systemic side effects were mild and transient with a very low rate of @entity4 . Using World Health Organization response criteria, the following responses could be demonstrated @entity7 .0%, PR 42.4%, MR 24.2%, SD 18.2%, NR 12.1%. Time to progression was 8 months. Median survival has not been reached after an observation time of 28 months. Two-year survival was 66%. There was no statistically significant difference between chemonaive @entity0 and @entity0 pretreated by any kind of systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Repetitive high concentrated regional chemotherapy by use of chemoembolization combined with continuous administered @entity5 and supplemented with @entity6 is an effective tool in the therapy of disseminated @entity1 as front line as well as a second-line treatment.

title: Repetitive chemoembolization with melphalan plus intra-arterial immuno-chemotherapy within @entity5 and XXXX ( @entity6 ) as effective first- and second-line treatment of disseminated @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: In order to improve local and systemic efficacy of chemotherapeutic interventions we have used a combination of high concentrated plus low continuous regional chemotherapy modulated by @entity6 cytokine in the treatment of inoperable @entity1 . METHODOLOGY: Sixty-six @entity0 with disseminated inoperable @entity1 received continuous intra-arterial chemotherapy with @entity5 plus @entity6 short time application plus chemoembolization Melphalan via an angiographically positioned hepatic artery catheter. The regimen consisted of the following steps: On day 1 + 2 1400 mg/m2 @entity5 administered intra-arterially in a continuous circadian mode, 60 mg/m2 Rescuvolin given i.v. as a 2-hour infusion, 80 micrograms/m2 @entity6 given i.a. as a 1-hour infusion, day 3 chemoembolization with 25 mg/m2 Melphalan plus @entity8 and Gelfoam. RESULTS: 66 @entity0 (38 male/28 female) with a median age of 60.4 years and a median Karnofsky index of 87.3 were treated with 299 cycles of immunochemoembolization. Fifty-four percent of these @entity0 had received prior systemic chemotherapy. Side effects were manifested in all @entity0 , mainly upper @entity3 lasting one to four days and grade 1 or 2 @entity2 . Systemic side effects were mild and transient with a very low rate of @entity4 . Using World Health Organization response criteria, the following responses could be demonstrated @entity7 .0%, PR 42.4%, MR 24.2%, SD 18.2%, NR 12.1%. Time to progression was 8 months. Median survival has not been reached after an observation time of 28 months. Two-year survival was 66%. There was no statistically significant difference between chemonaive @entity0 and @entity0 pretreated by any kind of systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Repetitive high concentrated regional chemotherapy by use of chemoembolization combined with continuous administered @entity5 and supplemented with @entity6 is an effective tool in the therapy of disseminated @entity1 as front line as well as a second-line treatment.

title: Repetitive chemoembolization with melphalan plus intra-arterial immuno-chemotherapy within @entity5 and @entity6 ( XXXX ) as effective first- and second-line treatment of disseminated @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of the study was to present, on the base of own experience, clinical importance of arterio-venous fistulae involving the vascular system of the abdomen. METHODOLOGY: Clinical material consists of 18 @entity0 in whom abnormal arterio-venous leakage in the abdomen was disclosed by means of imaging diagnostic techniques and Doppler sonographic hemodynamic investigations. Three groups of @entity0 were determined: 1. @entity0 in whom @entity5 was a primary cause of @entity2 (N = 6), 2. @entity0 in whom the presence of arterio-venous fistulae aggravated @entity2 due to other pathology (N = 7). 3. @entity0 in whom the arterio-venous fistulae did not directly affect portal flow (N = 5). As each case presented a different clinical problem, the therapeutic approach had to be individualized. In 12 @entity0 perarterial embolization was performed, 13 @entity0 were operated on, one @entity0 was listed for liver transplantation. RESULTS: Perarterial embolization was fully effective only in 4 cases. In the remaining 8 cases its effect was transient, but in 4 cases of @entity1 it allowed us to proceed with chemoembolization and the others were subsequently treated surgically. In 12 surgically treated @entity0 the operation proved to be curative. In 1 case of multiple arterio-venous fistulae related to @entity4 , surgical procedure was unfeasible. One @entity0 , awaiting liver transplantation, died of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: 1. Arterio-venous fistulae (of various etiology) are rarely found in the abdominal cavity, but their presence means usually serious consequences depending on their morphology and localization. 2. Arterio-venous fistulae involving the portal system may result in severe @entity2 . 3. Individually chosen method of treatment, aimed at the occlusion of @entity5 often proves to be curative. 4. Overlooking or ignoring the presence of intraabdominal arterio-venous fistulae leads to unsuccessful, if not harmful treatment.

title: Intraabdominal arterio-venous fistulae and their relation to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Functional neuroimaging studies have demonstrated disturbances in the activity of premotor and motor cortices in @entity2 and in animal models of @entity3 that improve in response to effective basal ganglia surgical therapy. Techniques that directly alter the function of these cortical areas, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, have been applied in @entity0 with @entity2 , with transient improvement in their @entity5 and gait dysfunction. Recently, a @entity0 with @entity2 was claimed to have obtained a marked bilateral clinical benefit from extradural unilateral motor cortical stimulation. We hypothesized that direct cortical stimulation could alleviate the disability of the treatment-refractory @entity3 commonly present in @entity6 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of motor cortical stimulation in @entity0 with refractory @entity3 due to @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Five @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity6 with predominant @entity3 underwent surgery for subdural motor cortical stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in activities of daily living and motor subscores on the Unified @entity2 Rating Scale 12 hours after medication withdrawal. Scores at baseline and 3 to 6 months following surgery were compared. RESULTS: All @entity0 had a decline in motor scores at the follow-up evaluations despite the application of a variety of adjustments. The activities of daily living score mildly worsened by 9.7% (95% confidence interval, 32.3 to-13.0; P =.37) and the motor score worsened by 25.6% (95% confidence interval, 58.7 to -7.5; P =.06). Despite objective worsening over time and no deterioration when stimulation was immediately turned off, 3 @entity0 still claimed subjective benefit and requested continued stimulation. No @entity0 suffered adverse effects from the surgery or long-term stimulation, although 1 @entity0 had a stimulation-induced @entity4 during the initial programming. The range of settings for 4 @entity0 with @entity1 and 1 @entity0 with monopolar configuration were as follows: amplitude, 3 to 3.6 V; pulse width, 40 to 90 milliseconds; and pulse rate, 145 to 185 Hz. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that motor cortical stimulation using these parameters fails to improve the motor disability in @entity6 . Worsening of motor scores was likely a function of disease progression.

title: Motor cortical stimulation for XXXX in @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Functional neuroimaging studies have demonstrated disturbances in the activity of premotor and motor cortices in @entity2 and in animal models of @entity3 that improve in response to effective basal ganglia surgical therapy. Techniques that directly alter the function of these cortical areas, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, have been applied in @entity0 with @entity2 , with transient improvement in their @entity5 and gait dysfunction. Recently, a @entity0 with @entity2 was claimed to have obtained a marked bilateral clinical benefit from extradural unilateral motor cortical stimulation. We hypothesized that direct cortical stimulation could alleviate the disability of the treatment-refractory @entity3 commonly present in @entity6 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of motor cortical stimulation in @entity0 with refractory @entity3 due to @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Five @entity0 with a diagnosis of @entity6 with predominant @entity3 underwent surgery for subdural motor cortical stimulation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in activities of daily living and motor subscores on the Unified @entity2 Rating Scale 12 hours after medication withdrawal. Scores at baseline and 3 to 6 months following surgery were compared. RESULTS: All @entity0 had a decline in motor scores at the follow-up evaluations despite the application of a variety of adjustments. The activities of daily living score mildly worsened by 9.7% (95% confidence interval, 32.3 to-13.0; P =.37) and the motor score worsened by 25.6% (95% confidence interval, 58.7 to -7.5; P =.06). Despite objective worsening over time and no deterioration when stimulation was immediately turned off, 3 @entity0 still claimed subjective benefit and requested continued stimulation. No @entity0 suffered adverse effects from the surgery or long-term stimulation, although 1 @entity0 had a stimulation-induced @entity4 during the initial programming. The range of settings for 4 @entity0 with @entity1 and 1 @entity0 with monopolar configuration were as follows: amplitude, 3 to 3.6 V; pulse width, 40 to 90 milliseconds; and pulse rate, 145 to 185 Hz. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that motor cortical stimulation using these parameters fails to improve the motor disability in @entity6 . Worsening of motor scores was likely a function of disease progression.

title: Motor cortical stimulation for @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity2 ( @entity2 ) ( @entity4 , @entity2 ) is a disease of the motor neuron characterized by onset before 6 months of age, failure ever to achieve sitting without support, and a life expectancy of 2 years or less. There is no known treatment for @entity2 , and, until recently, no therapeutic trials have been attempted. There is reason to believe that @entity3 , an excitatory neurotransmitter, enhances programmed cell death of anterior horn cells. @entity6 , a @entity3 inhibitor, has been shown to slow the rate of decline in @entity0 with @entity1 , another form of @entity5 . OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a @entity3 inhibitor might be tolerated by @entity0 with @entity2 and, furthermore, whether this medication could have a positive effect on life expectancy. DESIGN: Subjects with homozygous deletions of the survival motor neuron gene were recruited from pediatric neuromuscular clinics and randomized in a 2:1 ratio, 2 @entity6 to 1 placebo. Neurologic examination was performed at the first visit by one of the investigators. Complete blood count, hepatic and renal screens, and urinalysis were performed at baseline, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months after drug or placebo was started. An electrocardiogram was done at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Treatment was stopped after 9 months, and blood work was repeated at 12 months. Treatment was reinstituted at 1 year if requested by the parents. The enrollment goal was 30 @entity0 ; however, support from the pharmaceutical company was withdrawn when Rhone-Poulenc Rorer was taken over by Aventis. The investigational review boards of the participating centers approved the protocol and consent forms. RESULTS: Seven @entity0 received @entity6 and 3 received placebo medication. All 3 @entity0 in the placebo group died (mean age, 9 months). Three of 7 who received active drug are still living at ages 513 years, 4 years, and 30 months. None of the 10 subjects experienced adverse effects or changes in laboratory test results. None showed any change in motor abilities. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 appears to be safe in young @entity0 . This was a limited study with insufficient power to show a difference between the 2 groups. Because there is a suggestion of possible benefit in treated subjects, we recommend further study of @entity6 in pediatric @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: A phase 1 trial of XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Severe @entity2 ( @entity2 ) ( @entity4 , @entity2 ) is a disease of the motor neuron characterized by onset before 6 months of age, failure ever to achieve sitting without support, and a life expectancy of 2 years or less. There is no known treatment for @entity2 , and, until recently, no therapeutic trials have been attempted. There is reason to believe that @entity3 , an excitatory neurotransmitter, enhances programmed cell death of anterior horn cells. @entity6 , a @entity3 inhibitor, has been shown to slow the rate of decline in @entity0 with @entity1 , another form of @entity5 . OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a @entity3 inhibitor might be tolerated by @entity0 with @entity2 and, furthermore, whether this medication could have a positive effect on life expectancy. DESIGN: Subjects with homozygous deletions of the survival motor neuron gene were recruited from pediatric neuromuscular clinics and randomized in a 2:1 ratio, 2 @entity6 to 1 placebo. Neurologic examination was performed at the first visit by one of the investigators. Complete blood count, hepatic and renal screens, and urinalysis were performed at baseline, 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 6 months, and 9 months after drug or placebo was started. An electrocardiogram was done at baseline, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months. Treatment was stopped after 9 months, and blood work was repeated at 12 months. Treatment was reinstituted at 1 year if requested by the parents. The enrollment goal was 30 @entity0 ; however, support from the pharmaceutical company was withdrawn when Rhone-Poulenc Rorer was taken over by Aventis. The investigational review boards of the participating centers approved the protocol and consent forms. RESULTS: Seven @entity0 received @entity6 and 3 received placebo medication. All 3 @entity0 in the placebo group died (mean age, 9 months). Three of 7 who received active drug are still living at ages 513 years, 4 years, and 30 months. None of the 10 subjects experienced adverse effects or changes in laboratory test results. None showed any change in motor abilities. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 appears to be safe in young @entity0 . This was a limited study with insufficient power to show a difference between the 2 groups. Because there is a suggestion of possible benefit in treated subjects, we recommend further study of @entity6 in pediatric @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: A phase 1 trial of @entity6 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Our objective was to create an animal preparation displaying long-term electrical alterations after chronic regional energetic stress without @entity2 . An Ameroid (AM) constrictor was implanted around the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) 2 wk before chronic rapid ventricular pacing ( @entity10 ) was initiated at 240 beats/min for 4 wk ( @entity10 -AM). Comparisons were made with healthy @entity1 and @entity1 with either AM or @entity10 . Unipolar electrograms were recorded from 191 sites in the LCx territory in open-chest, anesthetized animals during sinus rhythm and while pacing at 120-150 beats/min, with bouts of transient rapid pacing (TRP; 240/min). In @entity10 -AM and AM, ST segment elevation was identified at central sites and ST @entity3 at peripheral sites, both increasing with TRP. In @entity10 -AM and @entity10 , the maximum negative slope of unipolar activation complexes was significantly depressed and activation-recovery intervals prolonged. Areas of inexcitability as well as irregular isocontour patterns displaying localized activation-recovery intervals shortening and gradients >20 ms between neighboring sites were identified in one-third of @entity10 -AM at slow rate, with increasing incidence and magnitude in response to TRP. In @entity10 -AM, programmed stimulation-induced marked conduction delay and block as well as polymorphic @entity6 , which stabilized into @entity4 with the use of @entity8 or @entity7 . Whole cell @entity9 current and channel protein expression were reduced in @entity10 . Despite complete constrictor closure, small areas of @entity0 were detected in a minority of @entity10 -AM. Long-term electrical alterations and their exacerbation by TRP contribute to @entity5 formation in collateral-dependent myocardium subjected to chronic tachycardic stress.

title: Myocardial electrical alteration in XXXX preparations with combined chronic rapid pacing and progressive coronary artery occlusion.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the survey was to assess the prevalence of clinically diagnosed @entity3 ( @entity2 ) in two general practice populations in the Wessex region (practice A: a deprived urban population and practice B: an affluent rural population) and to assess both conventional and complementary therapy use in these two populations. METHODS: All @entity0 over 55 yr with a clinical diagnosis of knee @entity2 , as identified from the practice computerized records, were sent a questionnaire about their knee @entity1 and their use of conventional and complementary treatments. RESULTS: A total of 4566 @entity0 over 55 yr were registered in the two practices. Of these, 828 (18.13%) had a clinical diagnosis of knee @entity2 and 240 (29%) @entity0 were asymptomatic at the time of survey. Physiotherapy was under-utilized with only 13.1% of @entity0 having received either hospital- or GP-based physiotherapy. There was a high prevalence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use, being significantly more in the affluent population (P < 0.05). In the affluent population there were statistically more social class groups 1-3a; statistically more NSAIDs, @entity4 and @entity5 were also used. The median amount spent on complementary medicine per month was 5.00 UK pounds, with the affluent population spending significantly more (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this population, physiotherapy is an under-utilized treatment for knee @entity2 , in spite of its recommendation as first-line treatment in all guidelines. Complementary medicines and therapies are commonly used, particularly in affluent populations.

title: The use of conventional and complementary treatments for XXXX in the community.

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional analysis was performed in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The strength of adduction of the hips was measured and compared with the scores of commonly used disease severity measures of @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: To assess the reliability and validity of using hip adduction strength as measure of disease severity in @entity0 with @entity2 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Various tools are used to measure disease severity in @entity2 ; there is still a need for simple tests with high reliability and validity. METHODS: Intra- and intertester reliability of hip adduction strength measurement was assessed in two small groups of @entity0 with @entity2 . Validity of hip adduction strength to measure disease severity was investigated in a group of 200 @entity0 with @entity2 by comparing the test scores with the medical history, scores on self-reported scales on disability, @entity1 , and tiredness, @entity1 provocation tests, and the active straight leg raise test. Responsiveness of hip adduction strength was assessed in a group of 75 @entity0 with @entity2 . Global impression of improvement, scored by the @entity0 , was used as criterion standard. The responsiveness of the hip adduction strength was expressed as the standardized response mean and was compared with the responsiveness of the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale. RESULTS: The intratester reliability for measuring hip adduction strength and the intraclass correlation coefficient were both 0.79. The intertester reliability for measurement of adduction strength and the intraclass correlation coefficient were also both 0.79. Hip adduction strength correlated as expected with all disease severity measures. Responsiveness of the hip adduction strength was large (standardized response mean = 0.93) and slightly less than that of the Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale (standardized response mean = 1.20). CONCLUSION: Hip adduction strength can be recommended to measure disease severity in @entity2 , especially to describe groups of @entity0 and to evaluate the course of the disease in groups as well as in individual @entity0 . Decreased hip adduction strength appears to be caused by the inability to use the hip muscles rather than by weakness of the muscles.

title: Reliability and validity of hip adduction strength to measure disease severity in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The hallmarks of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) are leukocytic infiltration of the synovium and expansiveness of @entity7 ( @entity7 ). The abnormal proliferation of @entity7 and their resistance to apoptosis is mediated, at least in part, by present in @entity0 joints proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Because @entity6 exerts properties of antiapoptotic and growth factors, and is produced by @entity0 @entity7 , we hypothesized that @entity6 participates in @entity0 @entity7 activation. To test this hypothesis, we first examined whether @entity0 @entity7 express chains required for high affinity functional IL-15R. Indeed, @entity0 @entity7 express @entity8 at mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, we confirmed the presence of @entity5 and common gamma-chains. Interestingly, @entity1 or @entity3 triggered significant elevation of @entity8 chain at mRNA and protein levels. Next, we investigated the effects of exogenous or endogenous @entity6 on @entity2 and @entity4 expression, @entity7 proliferation, and apoptosis. Exogenous @entity6 enhanced @entity0 @entity7 proliferation and increased the level of mRNA-encoding @entity4 . To test the role of endogenous @entity6 in the activation of @entity0 @entity7 , an @entity6 mutant/Fcgamma2a protein exerting properties of specific antagonist to the @entity8 chain was used. We found that blocking @entity6 biological activities using this protein substantially reduced endogenous expression of @entity2 and @entity4 (L), and @entity0 @entity7 proliferation that was reflected by increased apoptosis. Thus, we have demonstrated that a distinctive phenotype of @entity0 @entity7 , i.e., persistent activation, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis, is related to the autocrine activation of IL-15Rs by @entity7 -derived @entity6 .

title: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes from @entity0 patients express functional @entity6 receptor complex: endogenous XXXX in autocrine fashion enhances cell proliferation and expression of @entity4 and @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The hallmarks of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) are leukocytic infiltration of the synovium and expansiveness of @entity7 ( @entity7 ). The abnormal proliferation of @entity7 and their resistance to apoptosis is mediated, at least in part, by present in @entity0 joints proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Because @entity6 exerts properties of antiapoptotic and growth factors, and is produced by @entity0 @entity7 , we hypothesized that @entity6 participates in @entity0 @entity7 activation. To test this hypothesis, we first examined whether @entity0 @entity7 express chains required for high affinity functional IL-15R. Indeed, @entity0 @entity7 express @entity8 at mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, we confirmed the presence of @entity5 and common gamma-chains. Interestingly, @entity1 or @entity3 triggered significant elevation of @entity8 chain at mRNA and protein levels. Next, we investigated the effects of exogenous or endogenous @entity6 on @entity2 and @entity4 expression, @entity7 proliferation, and apoptosis. Exogenous @entity6 enhanced @entity0 @entity7 proliferation and increased the level of mRNA-encoding @entity4 . To test the role of endogenous @entity6 in the activation of @entity0 @entity7 , an @entity6 mutant/Fcgamma2a protein exerting properties of specific antagonist to the @entity8 chain was used. We found that blocking @entity6 biological activities using this protein substantially reduced endogenous expression of @entity2 and @entity4 (L), and @entity0 @entity7 proliferation that was reflected by increased apoptosis. Thus, we have demonstrated that a distinctive phenotype of @entity0 @entity7 , i.e., persistent activation, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis, is related to the autocrine activation of IL-15Rs by @entity7 -derived @entity6 .

title: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes from @entity0 patients express functional XXXX receptor complex: endogenous @entity6 in autocrine fashion enhances cell proliferation and expression of @entity4 and @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The hallmarks of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) are leukocytic infiltration of the synovium and expansiveness of @entity7 ( @entity7 ). The abnormal proliferation of @entity7 and their resistance to apoptosis is mediated, at least in part, by present in @entity0 joints proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Because @entity6 exerts properties of antiapoptotic and growth factors, and is produced by @entity0 @entity7 , we hypothesized that @entity6 participates in @entity0 @entity7 activation. To test this hypothesis, we first examined whether @entity0 @entity7 express chains required for high affinity functional IL-15R. Indeed, @entity0 @entity7 express @entity8 at mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, we confirmed the presence of @entity5 and common gamma-chains. Interestingly, @entity1 or @entity3 triggered significant elevation of @entity8 chain at mRNA and protein levels. Next, we investigated the effects of exogenous or endogenous @entity6 on @entity2 and @entity4 expression, @entity7 proliferation, and apoptosis. Exogenous @entity6 enhanced @entity0 @entity7 proliferation and increased the level of mRNA-encoding @entity4 . To test the role of endogenous @entity6 in the activation of @entity0 @entity7 , an @entity6 mutant/Fcgamma2a protein exerting properties of specific antagonist to the @entity8 chain was used. We found that blocking @entity6 biological activities using this protein substantially reduced endogenous expression of @entity2 and @entity4 (L), and @entity0 @entity7 proliferation that was reflected by increased apoptosis. Thus, we have demonstrated that a distinctive phenotype of @entity0 @entity7 , i.e., persistent activation, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis, is related to the autocrine activation of IL-15Rs by @entity7 -derived @entity6 .

title: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes from @entity0 patients express functional @entity6 receptor complex: endogenous @entity6 in autocrine fashion enhances cell proliferation and expression of XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The hallmarks of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) are leukocytic infiltration of the synovium and expansiveness of @entity7 ( @entity7 ). The abnormal proliferation of @entity7 and their resistance to apoptosis is mediated, at least in part, by present in @entity0 joints proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Because @entity6 exerts properties of antiapoptotic and growth factors, and is produced by @entity0 @entity7 , we hypothesized that @entity6 participates in @entity0 @entity7 activation. To test this hypothesis, we first examined whether @entity0 @entity7 express chains required for high affinity functional IL-15R. Indeed, @entity0 @entity7 express @entity8 at mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, we confirmed the presence of @entity5 and common gamma-chains. Interestingly, @entity1 or @entity3 triggered significant elevation of @entity8 chain at mRNA and protein levels. Next, we investigated the effects of exogenous or endogenous @entity6 on @entity2 and @entity4 expression, @entity7 proliferation, and apoptosis. Exogenous @entity6 enhanced @entity0 @entity7 proliferation and increased the level of mRNA-encoding @entity4 . To test the role of endogenous @entity6 in the activation of @entity0 @entity7 , an @entity6 mutant/Fcgamma2a protein exerting properties of specific antagonist to the @entity8 chain was used. We found that blocking @entity6 biological activities using this protein substantially reduced endogenous expression of @entity2 and @entity4 (L), and @entity0 @entity7 proliferation that was reflected by increased apoptosis. Thus, we have demonstrated that a distinctive phenotype of @entity0 @entity7 , i.e., persistent activation, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis, is related to the autocrine activation of IL-15Rs by @entity7 -derived @entity6 .

title: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes from XXXX patients express functional @entity6 receptor complex: endogenous @entity6 in autocrine fashion enhances cell proliferation and expression of @entity4 and @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The hallmarks of @entity0 ( @entity0 ) are leukocytic infiltration of the synovium and expansiveness of @entity7 ( @entity7 ). The abnormal proliferation of @entity7 and their resistance to apoptosis is mediated, at least in part, by present in @entity0 joints proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors. Because @entity6 exerts properties of antiapoptotic and growth factors, and is produced by @entity0 @entity7 , we hypothesized that @entity6 participates in @entity0 @entity7 activation. To test this hypothesis, we first examined whether @entity0 @entity7 express chains required for high affinity functional IL-15R. Indeed, @entity0 @entity7 express @entity8 at mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, we confirmed the presence of @entity5 and common gamma-chains. Interestingly, @entity1 or @entity3 triggered significant elevation of @entity8 chain at mRNA and protein levels. Next, we investigated the effects of exogenous or endogenous @entity6 on @entity2 and @entity4 expression, @entity7 proliferation, and apoptosis. Exogenous @entity6 enhanced @entity0 @entity7 proliferation and increased the level of mRNA-encoding @entity4 . To test the role of endogenous @entity6 in the activation of @entity0 @entity7 , an @entity6 mutant/Fcgamma2a protein exerting properties of specific antagonist to the @entity8 chain was used. We found that blocking @entity6 biological activities using this protein substantially reduced endogenous expression of @entity2 and @entity4 (L), and @entity0 @entity7 proliferation that was reflected by increased apoptosis. Thus, we have demonstrated that a distinctive phenotype of @entity0 @entity7 , i.e., persistent activation, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis, is related to the autocrine activation of IL-15Rs by @entity7 -derived @entity6 .

title: Fibroblast-like synoviocytes from @entity0 patients express functional @entity6 receptor complex: endogenous @entity6 in autocrine fashion enhances cell proliferation and expression of @entity4 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 epithelioid @entity5 is a rare @entity2 characterised histologically by a predominant population of epithelioid cells arranged in strands and nests, embedded in a fibrotic and hyalinised stroma. It is a low grade @entity2 with an indolent course. A 48 year old @entity0 presented with a @entity3 her back for six months. Investigation and biopsy revealed features of sclerosing epithelioid @entity5 involving the left half of the sacrum, left sacro-iliac joint, and posterior part of the left ilium. Preoperative radiotherapy and wide location excision of the @entity2 were followed by metastatic recurrence of the @entity2 in the lung and scalp six years after initial presentation. The @entity2 showed typical histology of sclerosing epithelioid @entity5 . The radiological features confirmed its primary location in the sacrum. The @entity0 declined chemotherapy and died of disseminated disease eight years after initial presentation. Review of the literature confirms the fact that sclerosing epithelioid @entity5 , despite its low grade, is a clinicopathologically distinct @entity2 with full malignant potential, the recurrence, @entity1 , and mortality rate being 48%, 60%, and 35%, respectively. @entity4 epithelioid @entity5 can occur as a primary @entity2 , the clinical behaviour of which is probably similar to its soft tissue counterpart.

title: Primary sclerosing epithelioid XXXX of the sacrum: a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Falls from balconies and windows are an important cause of @entity1 . This study investigated the circumstances around such falls and attempted to identify possible measures for their prevention. POPULATION: @entity0 <15 years living in Dallas County, Texas. METHODS: Each @entity0 treated because of a fall from a building in 1997-99 had information about the injury collected, and a parent was contacted to obtain further information. For apartment related falls, an attempt was made to visit the apartment to measure windows and balcony rails. RESULTS: Ninety eight @entity0 were injured in falls from buildings during the three year period; 39 (40%) were admitted to hospital. Seventy five of the falls (77%) involved apartments, and most occurred around noon or evening meal times. Among apartment falls, 39 (52%) fell from windows, 34 (45%) from balconies, and two (3%) from unknown sites. For more than two thirds of balcony related falls, the @entity0 fell from between the balcony rails, all of which were spaced more than 4 inches (10 cm) apart. On-site measurement showed the rails were an average of 7.5 inches (19 cm) apart; all of these apartments were built before 1984. For more than two thirds of window related falls, the window was situated within 2 feet (61 cm) of the floor. CONCLUSIONS: Two factors are important in falls from apartment windows and balconies: balcony rails more than 4 inches (10 cm) apart, and windows positioned low to the floor. Current building codes do not apply to older apartments, where most of these falls occurred. Nevertheless, these factors may be amenable to environmental modifications that may prevent most of these falls.

title: XXXX due to falls from apartment balconies and windows.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Although the illegal use of recombinant @entity0 @entity2 (rhGH) to enhance performance is increasing among athletes, no official test for its detection has yet been implemented. The aim of this work was to study how prolonged rhGH administration in trained subjects influences the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, in order to evaluate new methods in antidoping tests. METHODS: Morning serum @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity1 / @entity4 , and @entity3 / @entity4 ratios were evaluated before, during (8th and 15th days), and at the end and after cessation (+3, +6, +9, +12, and +15 d) of a 3-wk treatment with different doses of rhGH (0.09 IU.kg BW(-1).d(-1) for 6 or 3 d a week, i.e., the A and B trials, respectively) in seven well-trained subjects not involved in competitive sports. The blood collections pre- and during treatment were performed immediately before the daily rhGH dose. RESULTS: In both trials, significant increases of @entity1 (higher in the A trial) and @entity3 serum concentrations during rhGH administration were observed. Serum @entity3 remained significantly increased in the A trial 3 d after treatment cessation. In the A trial only, two subjects had IFG-I concentrations exceeding the upper limit of the reference range. No modifications of serum @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity1 / @entity4 , and @entity3 / @entity4 ratios were observed. The z-score evaluation for @entity3 detected @entity2 exposure in 100% of subjects only at end treatment in A trial. CONCLUSION: Although @entity1 and @entity3 seem potentially the most specific markers of rhGH assumption, our data suggest that for antidoping purposes a single evaluation of their absolute serum concentration is not a sufficiently secure method to detect rhGH abuse in all subjects, especially in the case of low rhGH doses.

title: XXXX , IGFBP-2, and -3: do they have a role in detecting rhGH abuse in trained @entity0 ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Although the illegal use of recombinant @entity0 @entity2 (rhGH) to enhance performance is increasing among athletes, no official test for its detection has yet been implemented. The aim of this work was to study how prolonged rhGH administration in trained subjects influences the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, in order to evaluate new methods in antidoping tests. METHODS: Morning serum @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity1 , @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity1 / @entity4 , and @entity3 / @entity4 ratios were evaluated before, during (8th and 15th days), and at the end and after cessation (+3, +6, +9, +12, and +15 d) of a 3-wk treatment with different doses of rhGH (0.09 IU.kg BW(-1).d(-1) for 6 or 3 d a week, i.e., the A and B trials, respectively) in seven well-trained subjects not involved in competitive sports. The blood collections pre- and during treatment were performed immediately before the daily rhGH dose. RESULTS: In both trials, significant increases of @entity1 (higher in the A trial) and @entity3 serum concentrations during rhGH administration were observed. Serum @entity3 remained significantly increased in the A trial 3 d after treatment cessation. In the A trial only, two subjects had IFG-I concentrations exceeding the upper limit of the reference range. No modifications of serum @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity1 / @entity4 , and @entity3 / @entity4 ratios were observed. The z-score evaluation for @entity3 detected @entity2 exposure in 100% of subjects only at end treatment in A trial. CONCLUSION: Although @entity1 and @entity3 seem potentially the most specific markers of rhGH assumption, our data suggest that for antidoping purposes a single evaluation of their absolute serum concentration is not a sufficiently secure method to detect rhGH abuse in all subjects, especially in the case of low rhGH doses.

title: @entity1 , IGFBP-2, and -3: do they have a role in detecting rhGH abuse in trained XXXX ?

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To test the short-term and long-term reliability of time-frequency electromyographic (EMG) measures of @entity0 during repetitive dynamic lifting and compare it with the reliability of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) EMG measures of @entity0 during static lifting. METHODS: Fourteen' healthy male subjects (26 +/- 5 years) repetitively (12 lifts/min) lifted and lowered a box (29 x 25 x 23 cm, 13 kg) for 4.5 min during 3 different tests on 2 different days. EMG data and the biomechanics of motion were recorded. Before and after dynamic lifting, static maximum lifting tests were performed. At the end of each of the two sessions, subjects performed a static lift at 80% of their maximum lifting force for 30 s. RESULTS: Significant @entity0 -related changes were observed during the lifting exercise via EMG time-frequency analysis at the paravertebral L5, L2, T10, and vastus lateralis (VL) electrode sites. Two parameters for assessing @entity0 during dynamic contractions [i.e., the Instantaneous @entity1 (IMDF) and its time dependent change] were shown to be reproducible both in the short-term (2 h) and long-term (2 wk). The corresponding ICCs reflecting the reproducibility of values between sessions were 96.9% (L5), 98.1% (L2), 90.1% (T10), 96.4% (UT), 98.0% (GM), 89.5% (VL), and 99.0% (BF), respectively. For most EMG recording sites, the reliability of the IMDF measures was not dependent upon the postural strategy that the subject used to accomplish the lifting task or on the subject's strength as measured via the static maximum lifting test. A comparison between the ICC values of the IMDF measures and those of the parameters utilized to assess @entity0 during static sustained lifts [i.e., the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and its change during the test] revealed equally good reproducibility for most EMG recording sites. The respective ICC values that took into account time dependent trends for the IMDF parameter were 87.1% (L5), 62.4% (L2), 90.1% (T10), 0% (UT), 72.7% (GM), 45.4% (VL), and 100% (BF), and for the @entity1 parameter 94.9% (L5), 73.0% (L2), 80.9% (T10), 100% (UT), 89% (GM), 91.7% (VL), and 90.9% (BF), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The time-frequency approach allows one to derive EMG spectral parameters that can be used to monitor muscle @entity0 during dynamic real-world tasks such as lifting.

title: Reliability of EMG time-frequency measures of XXXX during repetitive lifting.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a rare @entity1 of unknown origin, it has the appearance of a @entity1 but has a benign histology and clinical course. Therefore, we studied five @entity0 with @entity7 of the liver to determine what examination can aid in its diagnosis. Five cases of @entity4 were analyzed. All @entity0 were examined by echography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) and angiography to diagnose the @entity2 . In all @entity0 echography and CT scan showed a similar appearance while MRI showed a variable pattern. In two @entity0 ERC showed a stenotic image of intra-hepatic bile ducts. In the angiographic study, the arterial phase in three @entity0 showed a hypervascular @entity1 and in one @entity0 , a @entity1 . @entity5 was presented in one @entity0 . Similarly, portography in four @entity0 showed some abnormality. We performed ultrasonography-guided percutaneous needle biopsy in two @entity0 in order to diagnose @entity7 . Histological examinations of two @entity0 were consistent with @entity7 . The other three @entity0 underwent surgical treatment for a @entity3 or @entity6 . It is difficult to diagnose @entity7 of the liver exclusively with an image examination. Ultrasonography-guided percutaneous liver biopsy should be performed in order to diagnose @entity7 by histology.

title: Diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: For @entity0 with @entity5 who show a poor evolution despite medical treatment, liver transplantation is an option, with survival rates of greater than 50%. The ideal time to perform the transplant is controversial, as it must not be done too soon (when the @entity4 is still reversible) or too late (when the @entity0 is in an irreversible clinical situation). @entity0 AND METHODS: Retrospective review of the clinical histories of 34 @entity0 admitted to our hospital with a diagnosis of @entity5 included 26 who underwent transplantation. The most frequent cause was viral (n=10, 38%); with no etiology established in 11 cases (42%). Thirteen @entity0 had preoperative complications, the most frequent being @entity2 . As for degree of AB0/DR compatibility, 13 cases were identical (40%), 17 compatible (51%), and the other three incompatible (9%). RESULTS: Thirty-three transplants were performed in 26 @entity0 : four were retransplants due to chronic rejection, two for @entity2 , and one for hyperacute rejection. The overall mortality rate was 46% (12 @entity0 ). The most frequent cause of @entity3 was infection (50%). The overall actuarial survival rate was 68% at 1 year, 63% at 3 years, and 59% at 5 years. The factors associated with a poor prognosis were @entity2 , a grade D electroencephalogram, and @entity1 grades III and IV, the last being the only prognostic factor identified in the multivariate analysis. The prognostic factors for mortality were a grade D electroencephalogram, @entity1 grades III and IV and @entity6 , the last being the only prognostic factor identified in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSION: Good results of transplantation for the management of @entity5 depends on optimal selection of transplant candidates, which means identifying them early, reducing the waiting time, and excluding factors associated with a poor prognosis.

title: XXXX and liver transplantation: experience of Virgen de la Arrixaca Hospital.

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyse long-term outcomes of @entity0 with liver transplantation for @entity7 and to determine if @entity8 ( @entity8 ) at presentation was a predictor of outcome after ortothopic liver transplantation. @entity0 AND METHODS: Between April 1990 and October 2002, 18 @entity0 with @entity7 underwent 21 liver transplants. Three @entity0 were excluded because of coexisting causes of @entity1 . Seven @entity0 had @entity8 and eight @entity0 had @entity2 . The initial immunosuppressive regimen was cyclosporine based in 80%, and all but one @entity0 received @entity4 or @entity6 . RESULTS: Mean age at time of transplant was 44.2+/-15.5 years. @entity0 were followed for 38.9+/-29.6 months. Five @entity0 (33.3%) had seven episodes of acute rejection (two @entity3 -resistant). Three @entity0 developed chronic rejection. One @entity0 displayed histologically proven recurrent @entity7 . Actuarial @entity0 and graft survival rates at 1 and 5 years were 80% and 56% and 78.6% and 51%, respectively. No differences in the clinical characteristics of the @entity0 , rates of acute or chronic rejection episodes, end biliary or arterial complications were observed between @entity8 and chronic @entity7 . The study suggests a better survival for autoimmune @entity8 (P=.003). CONCLUSIONS: Liver transplant is indicated for @entity0 displaying @entity5 and @entity8 with similar clinical courses at however, @entity0 with @entity8 at presentation had better survivals.

title: Liver transplantation for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 in pregnancy (NVP) is a common complaint but risk factors for NVP are not well characterized. METHODS: Occurrence of NVP was studied by questionnaires given to pregnant @entity0 at their first visit to the antenatal care unit and were returned around gestational week 28. RESULTS: Analysis of 3675 completed questionnaires was made. @entity2 in pregnancy was reported by 79% of the @entity0 , approximately half of which had been @entity1 . Various therapies (drugs, acupuncture, acupressure) were tried by 18% of the @entity0 with NVP, of which the majority used drugs, most notably antihistamines (specifically meclozine). Hospitalization occurred in 1% of all @entity0 . @entity2 in pregnancy caused 28% of all sick-leaves during the first 28 weeks of pregnancy. Low maternal age and parity 1+ independently increased the risk for NVP. Smoking before pregnancy and using vitamins in early pregnancy were associated with a decreased risk for NVP. @entity0 working outside the home had a lower rate of NVP than housewives and @entity0 out of work. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 in pregnancy is a common complaint with a significant impact on leave of absence from work. The study identifies a number of factors that are related to the occurrence of NVP and that may give hints on the etiology of the condition.

title: Relationship between vitamin use, smoking, and nausea and XXXX of pregnancy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to investigate pharmacological treatment strategies used by residential primary care providers for @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: A postal questionnaire survey was sent to all residential primary care providers, internists, neurologists and psychiatrists (n = 689) in the western region of Austria. RESULTS: The response rate (53 %) was similar in all four physician groups. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors are considered to have a higher efficacy (p < 0.0005) compared to nootropic drugs. However, the vast majority of primary care providers (95 %) prescribe nootropic drugs. Two thirds (64 %) of the primary care providers prescribe acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. The @entity1 subtype influences the prescription frequency of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, but not the specific choice of nootropic compound. Half of the primary care providers (52 %) combine antidementia drugs. Nearly two-thirds (62 %) of all primary care providers frequently prescribe antidepressants. Specific @entity2 reuptake inhibitors are applied by the majority of primary care providers (96 %). About one-third (39 %) of primary care providers and internists (29 %) prescribe tricyclic antidepressants. Antipsychotics are applied frequently by around a quarter (29 %) of all physicians. More than half of primary care providers (62 %) and internists (58 %) treat @entity0 with typical antipsychotics. Psychiatrists and neurologists are significantly more reluctant to prescribe tricyclic antidepressants and typical antipsychotics. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the lack of scientific evidence, residential primary care providers combine antidementia drugs very frequently. Therefore, controlled studies on combination therapies are urgently needed; in contrast to neurologists and psychiatrists, primary care providers and internists frequently prescribe tricyclic antidepressants and typical antipsychotics. The reasons for this should be clarified in further studies.

title: Pharmacological treatment strategies of residential primary care providers in XXXX diseases--results of a representative survey in western Austria.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of laparoscopic decapsulation in the management of @entity1 in @entity0 . METHODS: @entity0 who presented over the last decade with @entity1 and were treated with laparoscopic decapsulation were reviewed retrospectively. The authors performed 4 procedures in 3 @entity0 aged 10, 11 (and later 13), and 13 years. In all cases there was progressive enlargement of a single cyst, which lay in the upper pole of the spleen in 3 instances and in the lower pole in the fourth. @entity2 was induced using the Veress needle technique, and 3 or 4 ports were utilized. Cysts were aspirated initially before marsupialization with excision of around two thirds of the cyst wall. Both endoshears and the harmonic scalpel were used with good hemostatic effect. RESULTS: All @entity0 had a good outcome with cyst resolution on long-term follow-up using serial ultrasound scanning. The first @entity0 (in 1993) remained 3 days as an in @entity0 postoperatively, and the others stayed overnight only. One @entity0 had a new cyst near the first 30 months after the initial procedure. This again was dealt with laparoscopically, with @entity0 discharge the following day. There were no complications in the short or long term. Histology in all cases confirmed a simple epithelial cyst. Median follow-up was 2 years (range, 6 months to 8 years). CONCLUSIONS: Our experience shows that laparoscopic decapsulation is an effective means of managing @entity1 and that both harmonic scalpel and endoshears are satisfactory dissecting instruments. Extensive marsupialization is probably unnecessary in these larger cysts, because long-term follow-up has shown no increased risk of recurrence after leaving a significant proportion of the cyst wall behind. This approach helps avoid major surgery in these cases.

title: Laparoscopic decapsulation of XXXX : a step forward in splenic preservation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a subgroup of the superfamily of nuclear receptors, with three distinct main types: alpha, beta and gamma (subdivided into gamma(1) and gamma(2)). Recently, the presence of @entity7 has been reported in @entity0 islets. Whether other @entity5 types can be found in @entity0 islets, how islet @entity7 mRNA expression is regulated by the metabolic milieu, their role in insulin secretion, and the effects of a @entity7 agonist are not known. In this study, @entity0 pancreatic islets were prepared by collagenase digestion and density gradient purification from nonobese adult donors. The presence of @entity5 mRNAs was assessed by RT-PCR, and the effect was evaluated of exposure for up to 24 h to either 22.2 mmol/l @entity1 and/or 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mmol/l long-chain @entity2 mixture (oleate to @entity4 , 2:1). @entity8 and, to a greater extent, total @entity7 and @entity7 (2) mRNAs were expressed in @entity0 islets, whereas @entity5 mRNA was not detected. Compared with @entity0 adipose tissue, @entity7 mRNA was expressed at lower levels in the islets, and @entity8 at similar levels. The expression of @entity7 (2) mRNA was not affected by exposure to 22.2 mmol/l @entity1 , whereas it decreased markedly and time-dependently after exposure to progressively higher free @entity3 (FFA). This latter effect was not affected by the concomitant presence of high @entity1 . Exposure to FFA caused inhibition of insulin mRNA expression, @entity1 -stimulated insulin release, and reduction of islet insulin content. The @entity7 agonists @entity6 and @entity9 prevented the cytostatic effect of FFA as well as the FFA-induced changes of @entity5 and insulin mRNA expression. In conclusion, this study shows that @entity7 mRNA is expressed in @entity0 pancreatic islets, with predominance of @entity7 (2); exposure to FFA downregulates @entity7 (2) and insulin mRNA expression and inhibits @entity1 -stimulated insulin secretion; exposure to @entity7 agonists can prevent these effects.

title: @entity6 prevents the impairment of @entity0 islet function induced by XXXX : evidence for a role of PPARgamma2 in the modulation of insulin secretion.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a subgroup of the superfamily of nuclear receptors, with three distinct main types: alpha, beta and gamma (subdivided into gamma(1) and gamma(2)). Recently, the presence of @entity7 has been reported in @entity0 islets. Whether other @entity5 types can be found in @entity0 islets, how islet @entity7 mRNA expression is regulated by the metabolic milieu, their role in insulin secretion, and the effects of a @entity7 agonist are not known. In this study, @entity0 pancreatic islets were prepared by collagenase digestion and density gradient purification from nonobese adult donors. The presence of @entity5 mRNAs was assessed by RT-PCR, and the effect was evaluated of exposure for up to 24 h to either 22.2 mmol/l @entity1 and/or 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mmol/l long-chain @entity2 mixture (oleate to @entity4 , 2:1). @entity8 and, to a greater extent, total @entity7 and @entity7 (2) mRNAs were expressed in @entity0 islets, whereas @entity5 mRNA was not detected. Compared with @entity0 adipose tissue, @entity7 mRNA was expressed at lower levels in the islets, and @entity8 at similar levels. The expression of @entity7 (2) mRNA was not affected by exposure to 22.2 mmol/l @entity1 , whereas it decreased markedly and time-dependently after exposure to progressively higher free @entity3 (FFA). This latter effect was not affected by the concomitant presence of high @entity1 . Exposure to FFA caused inhibition of insulin mRNA expression, @entity1 -stimulated insulin release, and reduction of islet insulin content. The @entity7 agonists @entity6 and @entity9 prevented the cytostatic effect of FFA as well as the FFA-induced changes of @entity5 and insulin mRNA expression. In conclusion, this study shows that @entity7 mRNA is expressed in @entity0 pancreatic islets, with predominance of @entity7 (2); exposure to FFA downregulates @entity7 (2) and insulin mRNA expression and inhibits @entity1 -stimulated insulin secretion; exposure to @entity7 agonists can prevent these effects.

title: XXXX prevents the impairment of @entity0 islet function induced by @entity3 : evidence for a role of PPARgamma2 in the modulation of insulin secretion.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are a subgroup of the superfamily of nuclear receptors, with three distinct main types: alpha, beta and gamma (subdivided into gamma(1) and gamma(2)). Recently, the presence of @entity7 has been reported in @entity0 islets. Whether other @entity5 types can be found in @entity0 islets, how islet @entity7 mRNA expression is regulated by the metabolic milieu, their role in insulin secretion, and the effects of a @entity7 agonist are not known. In this study, @entity0 pancreatic islets were prepared by collagenase digestion and density gradient purification from nonobese adult donors. The presence of @entity5 mRNAs was assessed by RT-PCR, and the effect was evaluated of exposure for up to 24 h to either 22.2 mmol/l @entity1 and/or 0.25, 0.5, or 1.0 mmol/l long-chain @entity2 mixture (oleate to @entity4 , 2:1). @entity8 and, to a greater extent, total @entity7 and @entity7 (2) mRNAs were expressed in @entity0 islets, whereas @entity5 mRNA was not detected. Compared with @entity0 adipose tissue, @entity7 mRNA was expressed at lower levels in the islets, and @entity8 at similar levels. The expression of @entity7 (2) mRNA was not affected by exposure to 22.2 mmol/l @entity1 , whereas it decreased markedly and time-dependently after exposure to progressively higher free @entity3 (FFA). This latter effect was not affected by the concomitant presence of high @entity1 . Exposure to FFA caused inhibition of insulin mRNA expression, @entity1 -stimulated insulin release, and reduction of islet insulin content. The @entity7 agonists @entity6 and @entity9 prevented the cytostatic effect of FFA as well as the FFA-induced changes of @entity5 and insulin mRNA expression. In conclusion, this study shows that @entity7 mRNA is expressed in @entity0 pancreatic islets, with predominance of @entity7 (2); exposure to FFA downregulates @entity7 (2) and insulin mRNA expression and inhibits @entity1 -stimulated insulin secretion; exposure to @entity7 agonists can prevent these effects.

title: @entity6 prevents the impairment of XXXX islet function induced by @entity3 : evidence for a role of PPARgamma2 in the modulation of insulin secretion.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Expression of the small peptide thymosin beta4 is associated with angiogenesis induction, accelerated wound healing, and the metastatic potential of @entity2 cells. However, little is known about the mechanism(s) by which thymosin beta4 promotes @entity1 . METHODS: Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to examine thymosin beta4 expression in @entity3 @entity4 B16 cell lines and in @entity3 cells derived from metastatic @entity3 @entity0 , respectively. @entity3 cells infected with adenoviruses containing a thymosin beta4 expression vector or an empty vector were injected subcutaneously and intravenously into C57BL/6 @entity3 to evaluate @entity2 growth and metastatic potential, respectively. In vitro assays were used to study cell migration, invasion, matrix metalloproteinase activity, cell proliferation, and angiogenic activity of adenovirus-infected @entity3 cells. Statistical significance of all results was analyzed by two-tailed Student's t tests. RESULTS: Thymosin beta4 mRNA was expressed in primary cultured @entity3 cells derived from lung metastases and in @entity3 cells that had formed @entity0 after being injected into @entity3 but not in the B16-F1, @entity3 , or B16-BL6 cell lines. The mean @entity2 sizes in @entity3 20 days after injection with @entity3 cells infected with thymosin beta4-expressing adenovirus and with control adenovirus were 21.7 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.7 to 25.7 mm) and 13.3 mm (95% CI = 11.1 to 15.3 mm), respectively (difference = 8.4 mm; P =.036). The mean numbers of metastatic lung nodules in @entity3 (n = 20) 2 weeks after intravenous injection with thymosin beta4-expressing adenovirus and with control adenovirus were 46.7 (95% CI = 35.0 to 57.7) and 10.9 (95% CI = 6.2 to 15.6), respectively (difference = 35.8 metastatic lung nodules, P<.001). Thymosin beta4 overexpression was associated with a mean 2.3-fold increase (95% CI = 1.9- to 2.7-fold increase; P<.001) in @entity3 cell migration and a mean 4.4-fold increase (95% CI = 3.3- to 5.5-fold increase; P<.001) in the number of blood vessels in solid @entity2 derived from injected @entity3 cells but had no effect on cell invasion, proliferation, or matrix metalloproteinase activity. This induction of angiogenesis by thymosin beta4 was associated with induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression. CONCLUSION: Thymosin beta4 may stimulate @entity2 @entity1 by activating cell migration and angiogenesis.

title: Role of thymosin beta4 in @entity2 XXXX and angiogenesis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Expression of the small peptide thymosin beta4 is associated with angiogenesis induction, accelerated wound healing, and the metastatic potential of @entity2 cells. However, little is known about the mechanism(s) by which thymosin beta4 promotes @entity1 . METHODS: Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were used to examine thymosin beta4 expression in @entity3 @entity4 B16 cell lines and in @entity3 cells derived from metastatic @entity3 @entity0 , respectively. @entity3 cells infected with adenoviruses containing a thymosin beta4 expression vector or an empty vector were injected subcutaneously and intravenously into C57BL/6 @entity3 to evaluate @entity2 growth and metastatic potential, respectively. In vitro assays were used to study cell migration, invasion, matrix metalloproteinase activity, cell proliferation, and angiogenic activity of adenovirus-infected @entity3 cells. Statistical significance of all results was analyzed by two-tailed Student's t tests. RESULTS: Thymosin beta4 mRNA was expressed in primary cultured @entity3 cells derived from lung metastases and in @entity3 cells that had formed @entity0 after being injected into @entity3 but not in the B16-F1, @entity3 , or B16-BL6 cell lines. The mean @entity2 sizes in @entity3 20 days after injection with @entity3 cells infected with thymosin beta4-expressing adenovirus and with control adenovirus were 21.7 mm (95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.7 to 25.7 mm) and 13.3 mm (95% CI = 11.1 to 15.3 mm), respectively (difference = 8.4 mm; P =.036). The mean numbers of metastatic lung nodules in @entity3 (n = 20) 2 weeks after intravenous injection with thymosin beta4-expressing adenovirus and with control adenovirus were 46.7 (95% CI = 35.0 to 57.7) and 10.9 (95% CI = 6.2 to 15.6), respectively (difference = 35.8 metastatic lung nodules, P<.001). Thymosin beta4 overexpression was associated with a mean 2.3-fold increase (95% CI = 1.9- to 2.7-fold increase; P<.001) in @entity3 cell migration and a mean 4.4-fold increase (95% CI = 3.3- to 5.5-fold increase; P<.001) in the number of blood vessels in solid @entity2 derived from injected @entity3 cells but had no effect on cell invasion, proliferation, or matrix metalloproteinase activity. This induction of angiogenesis by thymosin beta4 was associated with induction of vascular endothelial growth factor expression. CONCLUSION: Thymosin beta4 may stimulate @entity2 @entity1 by activating cell migration and angiogenesis.

title: Role of thymosin beta4 in XXXX @entity1 and angiogenesis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Community pharmacists strive to deliver pharmaceutical care to @entity0 . At the moment, @entity2 primary care @entity0 on taking their antidepressants (ADs) is not yet part of their standard care package. AIMS: To investigate the effects of @entity4 by community pharmacists on psychological symptoms. METHOD: A randomised controlled trial with a 6-month follow-up. OUTCOMES: psychological symptoms with the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (SCL). Intention-to-treat (ITT) was performed with (1) last observation carried forward and (2) with group mean imputation (GMI). RESULTS: Analyses with LOCF and GMI resulted in different findings. The LOCF method revealed that at the 6-month follow-up, the intervention @entity0 were less depressed and less anxious than the controls. The intervention was particularly effective in @entity0 with lower levels of education who received pharmacist's @entity4 . However, ITT with the GMI method showed no differences in psychological symptoms. Differences between LOCF and GMI were explained by the selective attrition in the intervention arm ( @entity3 @entity0 had lower initial SCL-item scores on @entity2 and @entity1 than the completers) and by the higher attrition rate in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that the interpretation of the effects of an intervention on psychological symptoms can differ substantially by the way missing values are imputed. If both LOCF and GMI produce significant differences, efficacy can be concluded. If not, the effects based on ITT analyses with LOCF are based on artefacts. We recommend that positive intervention effects should only be reported when findings with LOCF and GMI are in accordance.

title: Effects of XXXX by community pharmacists on psychological symptoms of antidepressant users; a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: beta-glucuronidase (GUS) is a reporter protein commonly expressed in transgenic plants allowing the visualization of the transformed individuals. In our recent work, we showed that consumption of transformed @entity0 plants expressing this GUS enzyme improves performance of the phloem feeding aphid Myzus persicae. Those results led us to the conclusion that the expression of GUS in @entity0 plants might be responsible for the probiotic effect measured in feeding aphids. In the present paper, artificial diets were used to provide active GUS (10 and 500 microg ml(-1)), inactivated heated GUS (500 microg ml(-1)), @entity1 (10, 100 and 500 microg ml(-1)), and bovine serum albumin (500 microg ml(-1)) to M. persicae. Our results reveal that these chemicals provided as food intake might influence the biological parameters of this aphid. Experiments showed a probiotic effect of 500 microg ml(-1) GUS diet, resulting in reduced larval mortality, and increased adult reproduction period and fecundity, which led to an increased population growth potential (r(m)=0.17+/-0.01 versus r(m)=0.12+/-0.03 for aphids fed on control diet). A lower amount of added GUS led to fewer variations, biological parameters being only slightly altered (r(m)=0.14+/-0.03). Statistically similar alterations of the biological parameters were obtained when comparing aphids fed on the diet added with inactivated GUS or the non-structural bovine serum albumin protein (r(m)=0.15+/-0.02 and 0.14+/-0.03, respectively). Feeding assays conducted with @entity1 supplemented diets enhanced longevity and nymph production of the adult aphids and reduced larval mortality, resulting in r(m)=0.15+/-0.02 for the highest dose (500 microg ml(-1)). Although 100 microg ml(-1) @entity1 diet did not induce any effect on M. persicae (r(m)=0.12+/-0.03), aphids fed on 10 microg ml(-1) @entity1 diet exhibited unexpected reduced demographic parameters (r(m)=0.10+/-0.03). Immuno-histological analysis showed GUS labeling along the whole digestive epithelium of adults and in various tissues including embryos and bacteriocytes. These results suggest that GUS crosses through the digestive tract. Western blots performed with protein extracts of transformed @entity0 plants expressing the gus gene showed a unique band of molecular weight 76 kDa. On the contrary, in extracts from aphids fed on transgenic @entity0 plants or bred on GUS 500 microg ml(-1) artificial diet, several proteins of lower molecular weight were hybridized, revealing proteolysis of ingested GUS. It is concluded that GUS protein, and more precisely GUS activity, is responsible for the probiotic effects on aphid feeding. The possible pathways of induction of such physiological alterations by GUS are discussed.

title: Probiotic effects of beta-glucuronidase on the peach- XXXX aphid Myzus persicae (Aphididae).

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To report our results after antegrade endoscopic treatment of @entity6 with @entity2 with or without holmium laser endoureterotomy. @entity6 is the most common long-term urologic complication of renal transplantation. METHODS: From July 2000 to October 2002, 9 renal transplant @entity0 with @entity5 diagnosed by an increase in serum @entity4 and radiologic evidence presented for endoscopic treatment. All @entity0 were treated with nephrostomy tube drainage followed by antegrade flexible nephroureteroscopy and @entity2 of the stricture. Three @entity0 required holmium laser endoureterotomy during the same procedure because of fluoroscopic and endoscopic evidence of persistent stricture. All @entity0 were treated with ureteral stents and nephrostomy tubes postoperatively. The median follow-up was 24 months (range 6 to 32). RESULTS: The site of stenosis was at the ureterovesical @entity1 in all @entity0 , and the mean stricture length was 0.28 cm. Two @entity0 had previously undergone ureteroneocystostomy for prior @entity6 . Six @entity0 (66%) required only @entity2 , and 3 @entity0 (33%) also required holmium laser endoureterotomy. The median ureteral stent and nephrostomy tube duration was 40 and 62 days, respectively. The mean serum @entity4 level was 2.3 mg/dL at presentation and 1.7 mg/dL at the last follow-up visit. After a median follow-up of 24 months, the ureteral patency and graft function rates were both 100%. No perioperative @entity3 occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Balloon dilation with or without holmium laser endoureterotomy was successful and safe in this group of renal transplant @entity0 with short ureterovesical anastomotic strictures.

title: Treatment of renal transplant ureterovesical anastomotic strictures using XXXX with or without holmium:YAG laser endoureterotomy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The Partin tables provide pretreatment information regarding the probability of various pathologic stages (eg, organ confined, extraprostatic extension, and seminal vesicle or lymph node involvement). Although the pathologic stage serves as an excellent surrogate for outcome after radical prostatectomy (RRP), many @entity0 and physicians want to know how the predictions made from the Partin tables can be translated into long-term biochemical recurrence-free survival. In this work, we go beyond the pathologic outcomes predicted by the Partin nomograms to provide long-term biochemical recurrence-free estimates on the basis of the pathologic data obtained at RRP to help counsel @entity0 after surgery for @entity1 . METHODS: The study group comprised 1955 @entity0 treated by one surgeon with RRP and pelvic lymph node dissection for clinically localized disease (1989 to 2001). The @entity0 were followed up for at least 1 year postoperatively, and the disease-free survival rates were determined using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: The pathologic stages were as follows: organ confined in 57%, extraprostatic extension in 35%, seminal vesicle involvement in 4%, and lymph node involvement in 4%. The prostatectomy Gleason score distribution was as follows: 2 to 4 in 1%, 5 to 6 in 63%, 7 in 30%, and 8 to 10 in 6%. Overall, a positive surgical margin was present in 9.8%. On the basis of the prostatectomy Gleason score, pathologic stage, and surgical margin status, the probability of long-term biochemical recurrence-free survival was divided into four groups: excellent, good, moderate, and low. CONCLUSIONS: These simple to use and explain risk groups can be used to predict long-term biochemical recurrence-free survival from pathologic stage data obtained at surgery or predicted from the Partin tables, along with surgical margin status and Gleason score information obtained at RRP.

title: Probability of biochemical recurrence by analysis of pathologic stage, Gleason score, and margin status for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To improve the accuracy of qualitative diagnosis of @entity4 by analyzing their magnetic resonance (MR) images. METHODS: The MR images of 13 cases of @entity4 confirmed by pathological examinations were investigated retrospectively. RESULTS: In the 10 cases of @entity3 , the @entity1 were identified in the fourth ventricle in 3 cases and in the lateral ventricle in 7 cases. The T(1)-weighted MR images presented isointense or hypointense signals and T(2)-weighted images showed inhomogeneous hyperintense ones. No @entity0 occurred around these @entity1 , and the contrast-enhanced scans presented inhomogeneous enhancement. In the other 3 cases of @entity3 in the @entity2 , including 2 cases of supratentorial and 1 @entity3 . The @entity1 parenchyma presented hypointense signals in T(1)-weighted MR images as compared to the signals of the @entity2 , and in T(2)-weighted images, the signals intensities were similar to or higher than those of the gray matter. Mild @entity0 could be seen around the @entity1 . Enhanced scans of the @entity1 parenchyma showed mild to moderate enhancement. CONCLUSION: MR examination may help in the preoperative detection of @entity4 .

title: [MRI features of 13 cases of XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is gaining widespread acceptance as a safe and effective method for @entity1 ablation. Complete @entity0 ablation is essential for the success of the procedure. Multiple modalities have been explored in an effort to increase the size of the lesion created by RFA. The purpose of this study was to determine the physiologic effects of the @entity4 on RFA lesion size. METHODS: A total of 32 RFA lesions were created in eight @entity5 . After the induction of anesthesia, pneumoperitoneums of 2, 12, and 24 mmHg were established sequentially in each animal. After an equilibration period of 2 min, RF was administered with a constant saline-infused (0.9%) needle at 25 W for 3 min. In subsequent and complementary experiments, both before and during RF administration at each intraperitoneal pressure (IPP), Doppler flow was measured by laparoscopic ultrasound in the @entity2 while blood pressure was monitored by a femoral arterial line. The animals were then killed humanely and the livers were harvested. Measurements were taken in three dimensions of the ablated areas, and the volume was calculated. Statistical analyses were performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and repeated measures test. RESULTS: The average volumes of the lesions (in cm3) were 3.1 +/- 1.8, 5.2 +/- 1.7, and 6.7 +/- 3.3 for IPP of 2, 12 and 24 mmHg, respectively; there was a significant difference between the area of lesion at an IPP of 2 mmHg and an IPP of 24 mmHg ( p < 0.05). Blood flow in the portal vein also decreased significantly from 1.8 +/- 0.6, 0.98 +/- 0.5, and 0.43 +/- 0.2 at IPP of 2, 12, and 24 mmHg, respectively ( p < 0.001). Hepatic artery blood flow and peripheral blood pressure did not change significantly in the respective IPP groups. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that the volume of liver ablated by RF can be increased by augmenting the IPP. Our data support the theory that a decrease in portal blood flow results in @entity3 during RFA. The laparoscopic approach to RFA offers the advantage of allowing control of the IPP, which may result in a larger volume of ablated tissue per treatment than can be achieved with the percutaneous technique. These preliminary data on normal hepatic tissue must be confirmed clinically in the setting of @entity2 .

title: The physiologic effect of the XXXX on radiofrequency ablation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is the most lethal of all the common @entity1 and markers for early detection or targets for treatment of this disease are urgently required. The disease is characterised by a strong stromal response, with @entity1 cells usually representing a relatively small proportion of the cells in the @entity1 mass. We therefore performed laser capture microdissection (LCM) to enrich for both normal and malignant pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. Proteins extracted from these cells were then separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The limited amounts of protein in the LCM procured samples necessitated the detection of 2-DE resolved proteins by @entity4 staining. Consequently, loading equivalent amounts of protein onto gels was essential. However, we found that conventional means of measuring total protein in the samples were not sufficiently accurate. We therefore adopted a strategy in which the samples were first separated by one-dimensional @entity2 - @entity7 gel electrophoresis, stained with @entity4 stain and subjected to densitometry. Evaluation of the staining intensity was then used to normalise the samples. We found that the protein profiles from undissected normal pancreas and LCM-acquired non-malignant ductal epithelial cells from the same tissue block were different, underpinning the value of LCM in our analysis. The comparisons of protein profiles from nonmalignant and malignant ductal epithelial cells revealed nine protein spots that were consistently differentially regulated. Five of these proteins showed increased expression in @entity1 cells while four showed diminished expression in these cells. One of the proteins displaying enhanced expression in @entity1 cells was identified as the @entity3 -binding protein, @entity8 . To determine the incidence of @entity8 overexpression in @entity5 , we carried out immunohistochemical analysis on sections from a @entity5 tissue array containing 174 duplicate normal and malignant pancreatic tissue samples, from 46 @entity5 @entity0 . Normal pancreatic ductal epithelia were either devoid of detectable @entity8 or showed weak expression only. Moderately or poorly differentiated @entity1 , by contrast, showed a higher incidence and a higher level of @entity8 expression. These observations indicate that the combination of LCM with 2-DE provides an effective strategy to discover proteins that are differentially expressed in @entity6 .

title: Application of laser capture microdissection combined with two-dimensional electrophoresis for the discovery of differentially regulated proteins in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) requires considerable psychological adjustment to physical limitations and complications. One particularly severe complication of @entity1 is foot skin breakdown, which can result in lower limb amputation. Relative to @entity1 adjustment, amputation may produce one of two psychological outcomes: (a.) the fragile self-concept of a @entity0 with @entity1 may be reduced further by limb amputation, or (b.) amputation of a diseased, nonfunctional limb may be associated with restored health and improved self-concept. To better understand the effects of amputation, 26 males with @entity1 , 11 of whom had a lower limb amputation, were administered the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TCS) and the Personal Body Attractiveness Scale (PBAS). The study revealed that @entity0 with @entity1 with amputation had higher Physical and Total self-concept scores on the TSCS, showing a slightly more positive self-concept. On the PBAS, although there were no significant differences in the scores for the legs, ankles, or feet, the @entity0 with @entity1 with amputation had higher score on the Satisfaction subscale, indicating a slightly greater satisfaction with their thigh in their body image. Implications for future study include replication with larger sample sizes, inclusion of @entity0 in the sample, and a longitudinal study. Several nursing interventions are identified.

title: Self-concept and body image in XXXX who are spinal cord injured with and without lower limb amputation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The @entity6 formulation of delayed-release @entity4 ( @entity5 ), @entity4 tablets (AT), has limited efficacy in maintaining remission in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). This study evaluated the effect of switching @entity0 with unsatisfactory results under treatment with AT to a microgranule delayed-release formulation of @entity5 , Pentasa tablets (PT). METHODS: A 12-week, open drug-switching study was conducted in 15 @entity1 @entity0 , including 9 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and 6 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) who were evaluated at the time of switching from routine AT (2.4 g/day) treatment (for more than 3 months) to PT (4 g/day). @entity3 @entity0 were those under AT remission maintenance and they were defined as prone-to-relapse because of endoscopy scores > or = 2. @entity2 @entity0 were those under acute treatment with AT who had not attained a complete remission. The primary endpoint was the change in @entity3 Disease Activity Index ( @entity3 -DAI) or the @entity2 Activity Index scores after switching to PT therapy. Drug safety profile and @entity0 acceptability were secondary endpoints. RESULTS: Twelve weeks after switching to PT treatment, the mean (+/- SEM) @entity3 -DAI score was reduced significantly, from 8.18 +/- 0.58 to 6.81 +/- 0.72 (p = 0.013) in @entity3 @entity0 . Subcategory scores indicated improvements in endoscopy scores and in physician global assessment. Though the change in clinical outcomes did not reach significance for @entity2 @entity0 , a trend towards a therapeutic benefit was observed. No adverse event was observed during the 12-week clinical trial. CONCLUSION: PT may provide a better alternative for @entity1 @entity0 with unsatisfactory response to AT therapy.

title: Efficacy of Pentasa tablets for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Protein @entity2 kinase (PTK) activity is abundant in microglia, but the PTKs that participate in their activation have not been identified. For these studies, we used three paradigms to characterize PTK expression during microglial activation: resting and activated microglia were bulk fractionated from the adult brain, cultured newborn microglia were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to model the transition from activated toward phagocytic microglia, and PTK expression was examined in activated microglia in situ after facial nerve axotomy. Two PCR-based strategies were used to show that 21 different PTK genes are expressed by @entity1 brain microglia: 5 receptor PTKs, 10 nonreceptor PTKs, and 6 members of the src family. Seven of the 21 PTKs were examined in greater detail. Five PTK mRNAs (fgr, @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity4 ) increased expression across all three models of activation. We conclude that they represent key components in the cascades that participate in microglial activation. In contrast, expression of fes and fms correlated with stimuli that affect microglial proliferation. Four of the PTKs ( @entity6 , fgr, fes, and fms) are believed to be myeloid cell specific and were not expressed by cultured astrocytes. @entity6 and @entity3 protein were also not expressed in lysates of immature astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Because of their putative specificity, these kinases represent potential targets for inhibitors of microglial activation. Because reactive microglia can exacerbate the severity of @entity0 , the identification of specific kinases that participate in microglial activation represents an important advance toward the development of new therapeutics.

title: Differential expression of protein XXXX kinase genes during microglial activation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wound protectors are plastic sheaths that can be used to line a wound during surgery. Wound protectors can facilitate retraction of an incision without the need for other mechanical retractors and have been proposed as deterrents to wound @entity5 . The purpose of this study was to define the ability of wound protectors to reduce the rate of @entity5 when used in laparoscopic-assisted colectomy. METHODS: We completed a retrospective review of the medical records of @entity0 undergoing nonemergent laparoscopic-assisted colectomy between February 1999 and November 2002. All completely laparoscopic cases were excluded. The wound protector, when used, was applied to the extraction incision during the externalized portion of the procedure (colon and mesentery transection, @entity4 ). Outcomes for @entity0 with and without the use of a wound protector were compared. RESULTS: A total of 141 @entity0 underwent laparoscopic-assisted colectomy (98 for benign/ @entity1 , 35 for @entity3 , and eight for @entity2 ). There were no differences between the wound protector group ( n = 84) and the no wound protector group ( n = 57) with respect to mean age (55 vs 58 years), average body mass index (27 vs 29 kg/m2), gender, indication for surgery, comorbidities, antibiotics used, or mean operative time (185 vs 173 min). Nine @entity0 in the wound protector group and eight in the no wound protector group developed a wound @entity5 at the colon extraction site ( p = 0.42). @entity0 undergoing resection for @entity2 or @entity7 had a higher @entity5 rate (18.6%) than @entity0 undergoing resection for @entity6 or @entity1 (9.2%; p < 0.05). No wound recurrence of @entity1 was observed in either group at a mean follow-up of 23 months (range, 3-48). CONCLUSIONS: The wound protector, although useful for mechanical retraction of small wounds, does not significantly diminish the rate of wound @entity5 at the bowel resection/anastomotic site. @entity0 undergoing elective resection for inflammatory processes have higher @entity5 rates than @entity0 undergoing laparoscopic-assisted colectomy for @entity6 or @entity1 .

title: Plastic wound protectors do not affect wound XXXX rates following laparoscopic-assisted colectomy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Since the 1980s, bypass operations have been largely replaced by gastric restrictive operations. One of the most commonly performed operations for gastric restriction is vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG). However, the results are often disappointing. Adjustable gastric banding (AGB) is a viable alternative to VBG, and the ability to perform this surgery laparoscopically makes it an attractive option for @entity0 in need of revisional surgery. It allows for refashioning of the gastric pouch in @entity0 with a dilation of the pouch or disruption of the staple line. METHODS: A total of 48 @entity0 were referred to our center due to post-VBG weight gain. All @entity0 underwent preoperative evaluation to determine the cause for failure of the operation. All @entity0 found suitable for revisional surgery underwent laparoscopic placement of an adjustable band. RESULTS: All but one of the operations were completed laparoscopically; one @entity0 required conversion to open surgery prior to band placement via laparoscopy. This @entity0 needed a blood transfusion. @entity2 occurred in one @entity0 ; laparoscopy surgery was used successfully for removal of the band and suturing of the stomach. CONCLUSIONS: Our short-term results indicate that revisional operation for morbid @entity1 using laparoscopic AGB is a safe procedure when performed cautiously. It enables early @entity0 mobilization and discharge with good functional results and fewer perioperative complications.

title: Safety and feasibility of revisional laparoscopic surgery for morbid XXXX : conversion of open silastic vertical banded gastroplasty to laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding.

answer: @entity1