abstract: The aim of this study was to provide data on the prognosis and treatment options of @entity1 associated with sexual activity (HSA). Sixty @entity0 diagnosed with HSA between 1996 and 2004 were followed up between 2003 and 2006 at least 12 months after the first interview. The further course of the disease and their contentedness with therapy were requested. On average, the second interview was performed 35.9 months after the first examination. Of the 45 @entity0 who had suffered from single attacks or bouts prior to baseline examination, 37 had no further attacks. Seven @entity0 suffered from at least one further bout with an average duration of 2.1 months. One @entity0 developed a chronic course of the disease after an episodic start. Of the 15 @entity0 with @entity2 at the first examination, seven were in remission and five had ongoing attacks at follow-up. Ten @entity0 received @entity3 for preemptive therapy, with good results in nine @entity0 . Eighteen @entity0 received beta-blockers for prophylaxis, with good results in 15 @entity0 . Episodic HSA occurs in approximately three-quarters and chronic HSA in approximately one-quarter of @entity0 . Even in chronic HAS, the prognosis is favourable, with remission rates of 69% during an observation period of 3 years. For @entity0 with longer-lasting bouts or with chronic HSA, prophylactic treatment with beta-blockers or preemptive therapy with @entity3 are often successful.

title: XXXX associated with sexual activity: prognosis and treatment options.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the individual and combined diagnostic yield and clinical utility of transbronchial needle aspiration and transbronchial biopsy in the histologic diagnosis of @entity1 in stages I and II. @entity0 AND METHODS: We performed a prospective study enrolling all the @entity0 admitted to our hospital between July 2001 and June 2006 with mediastinal lymph nodes of a diameter of over 10 mm and clinical and radiological indication of @entity1 . The @entity0 underwent the following tests in the order specified: a transbronchial needle aspiration of 1 or more lymph nodes using a 19-gauge histology needle until 2 satisfactory specimens were obtained, a bronchoalveolar lavage, and 4 to 6 transbronchial biopsies. RESULTS: A total of 32 @entity0 were enrolled during the study period. Of these, 26 were finally diagnosed with @entity1 . The mean (SD) age of the @entity0 was 38.9 (10.6) years and there were 13 @entity0 (50%). The mean (SD) lymph node diameter was 23.5 (6.5) mm. The most common lymph node aspiration sites were the subcarinal station (9 @entity0 , 34.6%) and a combination of the subcarinal and paratracheal stations (7 @entity0 , 26.9%). Computed tomography scans of the chest revealed parenchymal involvement in 12 (46.2%) @entity0 . Fifteen (57.7%) @entity0 were diagnosed by transbronchial biopsy and 16 (61.5%) by transbronchial needle aspiration. These techniques were used in isolation in 7 (26.9%) and 8 (30.8%) @entity0 , respectively (P>.05). Diagnosis was achieved with the combined results of transbronchial biopsy and needle aspiration in 23 (88.4%) @entity0 . Overall, the diagnostic yield of the combined techniques was significantly higher than that of either one in isolation (P=.01 vs transbronchial biopsy and P=.02 vs needle aspiration). In @entity0 with parenchymal involvement, yield was better for the combined techniques only in comparison with transbronchial biopsy (P=.01). Only 4 (15%) @entity0 developed complications and 20 (76.9%) tolerated the procedures well. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic yield was significantly higher when transbronchial biopsy and transbronchial needle aspiration were used in combination than when used alone, particularly in @entity0 without parenchymal involvement. There were few complications and tolerance was good.

title: [Clinical utility of transbronchial needle aspiration of mediastinal lymph nodes in the diagnosis of XXXX in stages I and II].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gene expression profiling of @entity1 is a successful tool for the discovery of new @entity1 biomarkers and potential targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Reliable profiling is preferably performed on fresh frozen (FF) tissues in which the quality of nucleic acids is better preserved than in @entity2 -fixed @entity3 -embedded (FFPE) material. However, since snap-freezing of biopsy materials is often not part of daily routine in pathology laboratories, one may have to rely on archival FFPE material. Procedures to retrieve the RNAs from FFPE materials have been developed and therefore, datasets obtained from FFPE and FF materials need to be made compatible to ensure reliable comparisons are possible. AIM: To develop an efficient method to compare gene expression profiles obtained from FFPE and FF samples using the same platform. METHODS: Twenty-six FFPE-FF sample pairs of the same @entity1 representing various @entity1 types, and two FFPE-FF sample pairs of @entity0 cell lines, were included. Total RNA was extracted and gene expression profiling was carried out using Illumina's Whole-Genome cDNA-mediated Annealing, Selection, extension and Ligation (WG-DASL) V3 arrays, enabling the simultaneous detection of 24,526 mRNA transcripts. A sample exclusion criterion was created based on the expression of 11 stably expressed reference genes. Pearson correlation at the probe level was calculated for paired FFPE-FF, and three cut-off values were chosen. Spearman correlation coefficients between the matched FFPE and FF samples were calculated for three probe lists with varying levels of significance and compared to the correlation based on all measured probes. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to verify performance of the included probe lists to compare matched FPPE-FF samples. RESULTS: Twenty-seven FFPE-FF pairs passed the sample exclusion criterion. From the profiles of 27 FFPE and FF matched samples, the best correlating probes were identified for various levels of significance (Pearson P<0.01, n = 1,432; P<0.05, n = 2,530; and P<0.10, n = 3,351 probes). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the 27 pairs using the resulting probes yielded 25, 21, and 19 correctly clustered pairs, respectively, compared to 1 pair when all probes were used. CONCLUSION: The proposed method enables comparison of gene expression profiles of FFPE and/or FF origin measured on the same platform.

title: A Method to Correlate mRNA Expression Datasets Obtained from Fresh Frozen and @entity2 -Fixed, XXXX -Embedded Tissue Samples: A Matter of Thresholds.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gene expression profiling of @entity1 is a successful tool for the discovery of new @entity1 biomarkers and potential targets for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Reliable profiling is preferably performed on fresh frozen (FF) tissues in which the quality of nucleic acids is better preserved than in @entity2 -fixed @entity3 -embedded (FFPE) material. However, since snap-freezing of biopsy materials is often not part of daily routine in pathology laboratories, one may have to rely on archival FFPE material. Procedures to retrieve the RNAs from FFPE materials have been developed and therefore, datasets obtained from FFPE and FF materials need to be made compatible to ensure reliable comparisons are possible. AIM: To develop an efficient method to compare gene expression profiles obtained from FFPE and FF samples using the same platform. METHODS: Twenty-six FFPE-FF sample pairs of the same @entity1 representing various @entity1 types, and two FFPE-FF sample pairs of @entity0 cell lines, were included. Total RNA was extracted and gene expression profiling was carried out using Illumina's Whole-Genome cDNA-mediated Annealing, Selection, extension and Ligation (WG-DASL) V3 arrays, enabling the simultaneous detection of 24,526 mRNA transcripts. A sample exclusion criterion was created based on the expression of 11 stably expressed reference genes. Pearson correlation at the probe level was calculated for paired FFPE-FF, and three cut-off values were chosen. Spearman correlation coefficients between the matched FFPE and FF samples were calculated for three probe lists with varying levels of significance and compared to the correlation based on all measured probes. Unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to verify performance of the included probe lists to compare matched FPPE-FF samples. RESULTS: Twenty-seven FFPE-FF pairs passed the sample exclusion criterion. From the profiles of 27 FFPE and FF matched samples, the best correlating probes were identified for various levels of significance (Pearson P<0.01, n = 1,432; P<0.05, n = 2,530; and P<0.10, n = 3,351 probes). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the 27 pairs using the resulting probes yielded 25, 21, and 19 correctly clustered pairs, respectively, compared to 1 pair when all probes were used. CONCLUSION: The proposed method enables comparison of gene expression profiles of FFPE and/or FF origin measured on the same platform.

title: A Method to Correlate mRNA Expression Datasets Obtained from Fresh Frozen and XXXX -Fixed, @entity3 -Embedded Tissue Samples: A Matter of Thresholds.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 , mood problems and sleeping difficulties are often comorbid and contribute to reduced physical function and quality of life for those suffering from @entity6 . However, the way in which these factors interact is unclear. Until recently it was thought that the effect of sleep on @entity3 and physical function was simply a result of its common association with mood problems. However, a growing body of research suggests that sleep may have a unique contribution. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether @entity2 were associated with @entity3 and poor physical function independent of @entity5 in @entity0 attending a tertiary @entity3 medicine unit. METHOD: 101 @entity0 with @entity6 completed a set of questionnaires measuring @entity3 , sleep and mood, and also completed a selection of physical assessments conducted by a physiotherapist. RESULTS: 75.2% of @entity0 had @entity1 and 84.3% reported the presence of at least one @entity2 . Significant positive correlations with @entity3 were detected for @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity1 , short sleep duration and poor sleep quality. Sleep duration had a significant independent association with @entity3 after accounting for @entity4 and @entity7 . Sleep duration also had an independent association with physical function after accounting for @entity3 and @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: Given that sleep has an important and unique contribution to @entity3 and physical function, it is important that @entity2 are addressed both in the assessment and treatment of @entity6 .

title: Sleep Problems are Associated with @entity6 Over and Above Mutual Associations with XXXX and Catastrophizing.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 , mood problems and sleeping difficulties are often comorbid and contribute to reduced physical function and quality of life for those suffering from @entity6 . However, the way in which these factors interact is unclear. Until recently it was thought that the effect of sleep on @entity3 and physical function was simply a result of its common association with mood problems. However, a growing body of research suggests that sleep may have a unique contribution. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether @entity2 were associated with @entity3 and poor physical function independent of @entity5 in @entity0 attending a tertiary @entity3 medicine unit. METHOD: 101 @entity0 with @entity6 completed a set of questionnaires measuring @entity3 , sleep and mood, and also completed a selection of physical assessments conducted by a physiotherapist. RESULTS: 75.2% of @entity0 had @entity1 and 84.3% reported the presence of at least one @entity2 . Significant positive correlations with @entity3 were detected for @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity1 , short sleep duration and poor sleep quality. Sleep duration had a significant independent association with @entity3 after accounting for @entity4 and @entity7 . Sleep duration also had an independent association with physical function after accounting for @entity3 and @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: Given that sleep has an important and unique contribution to @entity3 and physical function, it is important that @entity2 are addressed both in the assessment and treatment of @entity6 .

title: Sleep Problems are Associated with XXXX Over and Above Mutual Associations with @entity4 and Catastrophizing.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The perceptions of @entity0 and physicians regarding the symptoms and impact of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were assessed in a prospective, cross-sectional, international survey. This paper presents the combined survey results from five European countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain and the UK). METHODS: Data were recorded by 1,482 @entity0 and matched with records from 415 primary care physicians and specialists. Diagnostic tests to confirm @entity3 had been performed on 1,279 (86.3%) @entity0 . Both physicians and @entity0 recorded the presence, severity and impact of symptoms at the time of consultation in addition to those symptoms frequently, but not currently, present. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was assessed using the Mini @entity4 Quality of Life Questionnaire. RESULTS: A large proportion of @entity0 had moderate-severe disease (67.2%; n = 996), persistent disease (42.5%; n = 630) and comorbidities such as @entity2 (31.5%; n = 467). Overall, @entity0 rated their disease as more severe than did physicians (P < 0.001). At the time of the consultation, one-third of all @entity0 reported that their current nasal and ocular symptoms were moderate or severe in nature. According to the physicians' assessment, good control of nasal and ocular symptoms was achieved in 45.4% (n = 673) and 51.3% (n = 760) of @entity0 , respectively, and poor symptom control in 18.0% (n = 267) and 12.1% (n = 179). Overall, 43.3% (n = 641) of those surveyed were using two or more medicines for their @entity3 . Health-related quality of life was correlated with disease severity and with the number of days without symptoms in the previous 4 weeks. @entity3 had a significantly greater impact in @entity0 with more persistent disease than in those with @entity1 (2.3 +/- 1.3 vs 1.9 +/- 1.2; P < 0.001). Nonetheless, 81.8% (n = 601) of @entity0 with @entity1 reported some impairment of their daily life as a result of their @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 remains a significant health problem because of the high burden of symptoms and its impact on general well being and HRQoL among @entity0 consulting for this condition. Overall, there was a poor correlation between @entity0 and physicians in the reporting of disease severity.

title: A survey of the burden of XXXX in Europe.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In general, it has been reported that @entity1 was detected year round in tropical countries. However, studies in Venezuela and Brazil suggest a seasonal behavior of the @entity0 . On the other hand, some studies link @entity0 with climatic variables such as rainfall. This study analyzes the pattern of behavior of the @entity1 in Carabobo-Venezuela (2001-2005), associates the seasonality of the @entity0 with rainfall, and according to the seasonal pattern, estimates the age of greatest risk for @entity0 . The analysis of the rotavirus temporal series and accumulated precipitation was performed with the software SPSS. The @entity0 showed two periods: high incidence (November-April) and low incidence (May-October). Accumulated precipitation presents an opposite behavior. The highest frequency of events (73.8% 573/779) for those born in the period with a low incidence of the virus was recorded at an earlier age (mean age 6.5 +/- 2.0 months) when compared with those born in the station of high incidence (63.5% 568/870, mean age 11.7 +/- 2.2 months). Seasonality of the @entity0 and the inverse relationship between virus incidence and rainfall was demonstrated. In addition, it was found that the period of birth determines the age and risk of @entity0 . This information generated during the preaccine period will be helpful to measure the impact of the vaccine against the rotavirus.

title: [Seasonality of XXXX in Venezuela: relationship between monthly rotavirus incidence and rainfall rates].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Field plot experiment was carried out to study the effect of @entity2 application on soil @entity2 adsorption-desorption characteristics under three cropping patterns including @entity1 / @entity0 relay intercropping (M/S), maize monoculture (M), and @entity0 monoculture (S). Results showed that without @entity2 fertilization, the system crop yield under M/S was increased by 9.8% and 79. 1% compared with that of M and S, respectively, and the land equivalent ratio (LER) was 1.58. With @entity3 fertilizer application, the system crop yield under M/S was increased by 10.4% and 80.3% compared with that of M and S, respectively, and the LER was 1.62. The system crop yields under M/S, M and S with @entity3 fertilizer application were increased by 12.7%, 12. 2% and 17. 6%, respectively, compared with that without @entity2 fertilization. Among three cropping patterns, the soil buffer capacity (SBC) values were in the order of M/S>M >S regardless of @entity3 fertilizer applied or not. The SBC values of M/S, M and S without @entity3 fertilizer application were reduced by 19.6%, 30.3% and 12.0% compared with @entity3 fertilizer application treatments, respectively. The soil desorption per absorption (b) values of the three cropping patterns with @entity3 fertilizer application were in the order of M/S>M>S, and the b values increased by 10.9%, 39.1% and -9.6%, respectively, compared with non @entity3 fertilizer application. The soil @entity2 maximum absorption (Qm) and soil @entity2 desorption rate also showed the same trend.

title: [Dynamics of soil @entity2 adsorption-desorption in @entity1 / XXXX relay intercropping system in purple hilly area].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Field plot experiment was carried out to study the effect of @entity2 application on soil @entity2 adsorption-desorption characteristics under three cropping patterns including @entity1 / @entity0 relay intercropping (M/S), maize monoculture (M), and @entity0 monoculture (S). Results showed that without @entity2 fertilization, the system crop yield under M/S was increased by 9.8% and 79. 1% compared with that of M and S, respectively, and the land equivalent ratio (LER) was 1.58. With @entity3 fertilizer application, the system crop yield under M/S was increased by 10.4% and 80.3% compared with that of M and S, respectively, and the LER was 1.62. The system crop yields under M/S, M and S with @entity3 fertilizer application were increased by 12.7%, 12. 2% and 17. 6%, respectively, compared with that without @entity2 fertilization. Among three cropping patterns, the soil buffer capacity (SBC) values were in the order of M/S>M >S regardless of @entity3 fertilizer applied or not. The SBC values of M/S, M and S without @entity3 fertilizer application were reduced by 19.6%, 30.3% and 12.0% compared with @entity3 fertilizer application treatments, respectively. The soil desorption per absorption (b) values of the three cropping patterns with @entity3 fertilizer application were in the order of M/S>M>S, and the b values increased by 10.9%, 39.1% and -9.6%, respectively, compared with non @entity3 fertilizer application. The soil @entity2 maximum absorption (Qm) and soil @entity2 desorption rate also showed the same trend.

title: [Dynamics of soil @entity2 adsorption-desorption in XXXX / @entity0 relay intercropping system in purple hilly area].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Field plot experiment was carried out to study the effect of @entity2 application on soil @entity2 adsorption-desorption characteristics under three cropping patterns including @entity1 / @entity0 relay intercropping (M/S), maize monoculture (M), and @entity0 monoculture (S). Results showed that without @entity2 fertilization, the system crop yield under M/S was increased by 9.8% and 79. 1% compared with that of M and S, respectively, and the land equivalent ratio (LER) was 1.58. With @entity3 fertilizer application, the system crop yield under M/S was increased by 10.4% and 80.3% compared with that of M and S, respectively, and the LER was 1.62. The system crop yields under M/S, M and S with @entity3 fertilizer application were increased by 12.7%, 12. 2% and 17. 6%, respectively, compared with that without @entity2 fertilization. Among three cropping patterns, the soil buffer capacity (SBC) values were in the order of M/S>M >S regardless of @entity3 fertilizer applied or not. The SBC values of M/S, M and S without @entity3 fertilizer application were reduced by 19.6%, 30.3% and 12.0% compared with @entity3 fertilizer application treatments, respectively. The soil desorption per absorption (b) values of the three cropping patterns with @entity3 fertilizer application were in the order of M/S>M>S, and the b values increased by 10.9%, 39.1% and -9.6%, respectively, compared with non @entity3 fertilizer application. The soil @entity2 maximum absorption (Qm) and soil @entity2 desorption rate also showed the same trend.

title: [Dynamics of soil XXXX adsorption-desorption in @entity1 / @entity0 relay intercropping system in purple hilly area].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the outcomes of synchronous revascularization for @entity0 concomitant carotid and coronary artery severe @entity5 . METHODS: From May 2012 to April 2014, 12 cases who received one-stage operation was retrospective analyzed, including the characteristics, methods of treatment, perioperative complications and health survey 30 days post procedure. Two subgroups were divided according to the different treatment methods on carotid artery, WIC and SF-36 scale were applied to compare the basic condition and recovery situation between 2 groups, the hospital stay time, costs, ventilation time, drainage and blood transfusion volume were also be compared. RESULTS: Totally 30 coronary vessels 8 carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and 5 @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were performed on 12 @entity0 . One @entity0 also received coronary artery bypass grafting and bilateral carotid artery revascularization (CEA on right and @entity6 on left). Two (16.67%) minor @entity1 , 1 (8.33%) TIA, 1 wound @entity3 occurred within 30 days post procedure, and 11 (91.67%) received blood component transfusion. No @entity4 and @entity2 occured. The average hospital stay time were (36.5    25.3) days, ventilator application (37.5    31.2) hours, postoperative drainage volume from pericardial and mediastinal was (347.92    105.69) ml, infusion of concentrated red cell was 4.3 U. WIC was (5.57    1.51) in CEA and (4.25    1.50) in @entity6 subgroup, there was no significantly statistical difference (t = 1.40, P > 0.05). the results of SF-36 was (3.63    1.76) and (5.44    1.05) in CEA and @entity6 subgroup, there was no significantly statistical difference (t = -1.85, P > 0.05). In hospital stay time, ventilator application time, transfusion and drainage volume, hospitalization costs were also no significant statistical difference between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The early outcome of synchronous revascularization on concomitant carotid and coronary severe @entity5 disease is satisfactory. The clinical results are similar in the CEA and @entity6 subgroup.

title: [Clinical outcomes of synchronous revascularization on @entity0 concomitant carotid and coronary artery severe XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the outcomes of synchronous revascularization for @entity0 concomitant carotid and coronary artery severe @entity5 . METHODS: From May 2012 to April 2014, 12 cases who received one-stage operation was retrospective analyzed, including the characteristics, methods of treatment, perioperative complications and health survey 30 days post procedure. Two subgroups were divided according to the different treatment methods on carotid artery, WIC and SF-36 scale were applied to compare the basic condition and recovery situation between 2 groups, the hospital stay time, costs, ventilation time, drainage and blood transfusion volume were also be compared. RESULTS: Totally 30 coronary vessels 8 carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and 5 @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were performed on 12 @entity0 . One @entity0 also received coronary artery bypass grafting and bilateral carotid artery revascularization (CEA on right and @entity6 on left). Two (16.67%) minor @entity1 , 1 (8.33%) TIA, 1 wound @entity3 occurred within 30 days post procedure, and 11 (91.67%) received blood component transfusion. No @entity4 and @entity2 occured. The average hospital stay time were (36.5    25.3) days, ventilator application (37.5    31.2) hours, postoperative drainage volume from pericardial and mediastinal was (347.92    105.69) ml, infusion of concentrated red cell was 4.3 U. WIC was (5.57    1.51) in CEA and (4.25    1.50) in @entity6 subgroup, there was no significantly statistical difference (t = 1.40, P > 0.05). the results of SF-36 was (3.63    1.76) and (5.44    1.05) in CEA and @entity6 subgroup, there was no significantly statistical difference (t = -1.85, P > 0.05). In hospital stay time, ventilator application time, transfusion and drainage volume, hospitalization costs were also no significant statistical difference between two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The early outcome of synchronous revascularization on concomitant carotid and coronary severe @entity5 disease is satisfactory. The clinical results are similar in the CEA and @entity6 subgroup.

title: [Clinical outcomes of synchronous revascularization on XXXX concomitant carotid and coronary artery severe @entity5 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the computed tomography (CT) features and pathological correlations of primitive @entity6 (PNET) of the kidney. METHODS: The CT features of 5 cases of pathologically confirmed PNETs were retrospectively reviewed along with a literature review to analyze the CT features and pathological correlations. RESULTS: The age range was 19-78 years. CT image showed solitary mass of heterogeneous density with ill-defined margins. One case had multifocal @entity3 . Among 3 cases of cystic changes, there were mural nodule (n = 2) and patchy @entity5 (n = 1). Four cases showed @entity2 with cortical interruption (n = 3) and destruction of renal capsule and invasion into perirenal fat space (n = 1). The @entity1 were confined to kidney contour with enlarged kidney (n = 3). All 5 cases showed slight heterogenous enhancement in cortico-medullary phase with persistent moderate enhancement (n = 4) and persistent mild enhancement (n = 1) in nephrographic phase. CONCLUSION: @entity4 is common in young @entity0 with a high degree of @entity1 . CT features include large mass with heterogenous density and poor-defined border confined within renal contour. Necrosis and cystic changes occur commonly with invasive growth. Persistent enhancement is found during nephrographic phase. A definite diagnosis is dependent upon pathological and immunohistochemical examinations.

title: [Computed tomography features and pathological correlations of primitive XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 pathovar campestris (Xcc) is the causal agent of black rot disease of crucifers worldwide. The molecular genetic diversity and host specificity of Xcc are poorly understood. RESULTS: We constructed a microarray based on the complete genome sequence of Xcc strain 8004 and investigated the genetic diversity and host specificity of Xcc by array-based comparative genome hybridization analyses of 18 virulent strains. The results demonstrate that a genetic core comprising 3,405 of the 4,186 coding sequences (CDSs) spotted on the array are conserved and a flexible gene pool with 730 CDSs is @entity0 ( @entity0 ). The results also revealed that 258 of the 304 proved/presumed pathogenicity genes are conserved and 46 are @entity0 . The conserved pathogenicity genes include mainly the genes involved in type I, II and III secretion systems, the quorum sensing system, extracellular enzymes and polysaccharide production, as well as many other proved pathogenicity genes, while the @entity0 CDSs contain the genes encoding type IV secretion system (T4SS) and type III-effectors. A Xcc T4SS-deletion mutant displayed the same virulence as wild type. Furthermore, three avirulence genes (avrXccC, avrXccE1 and avrBs1) were identified. avrXccC and avrXccE1 conferred avirulence on the hosts mustard cultivar Guangtou and Chinese cabbage cultivar Zhongbai-83, respectively, and avrBs1 conferred hypersensitive response on the nonhost pepper ECW10R. CONCLUSION: About 80% of the Xcc CDSs, including 258 proved/presumed pathogenicity genes, is conserved in different strains. Xcc T4SS is not involved in pathogenicity. An efficient strategy to identify avr genes determining host specificity from the @entity0 genes was developed.

title: Comparative and functional genomics reveals genetic diversity and determinants of host specificity among reference strains and a large collection of Chinese isolates of the phytopathogen XXXX pv. campestris.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) associates with increased @entity4 transport and extracellular concentration of @entity2 in @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In this study we aim to determine whether insulin reverses @entity1 -increased @entity4 transport requiring @entity2 receptors expression in HUVECs. Primary cultured HUVECs from full-term normal (n   =   38) and diet-treated @entity1 (n   =   38) pregnancies were used. Insulin effect was assayed on @entity0 cationic @entity3 transporter 1 ( @entity6 ) expression (protein, mRNA, @entity6 promoter activity) and activity (initial rates of @entity4 transport) in the absence or presence of @entity2 receptors agonists or antagonists. A1 @entity2 receptors (A1AR) and A2AAR expression (Western blot, quantitative PCR) was determined. Experiments were done in cells expressing or siRNA-suppressed expression of A1AR or A2AAR. HUVECs from @entity1 exhibit higher maximal transport capacity (maximal velocity (V max)/apparent Michaelis Menten constant (K m), V max/K m), which is blocked by insulin by reducing the V max to values in cells from normal pregnancies. Insulin also reversed the @entity1 -associated increase in @entity6 protein abundance and mRNA expression, and @entity6 promoter activity for the fragment -606  bp from the transcription start point. Insulin effects required A1AR, but not A2AAR expression and activity in this cell type. In the absence of insulin, @entity1 -increased @entity6 expression and activity required A2AAR expression and activity. HUVECs from @entity1 pregnancies exhibit a differential requirement of A1AR or A2AAR depending on the level of insulin, a phenomenon that represent a condition where @entity2 or analogues of this @entity5 could be acting as helpers of insulin biological effects in @entity1 .

title: Insulin requires A1 @entity2 receptors expression to reverse gestational diabetes-increased XXXX transport in @entity0 umbilical vein endothelium.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) associates with increased @entity4 transport and extracellular concentration of @entity2 in @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In this study we aim to determine whether insulin reverses @entity1 -increased @entity4 transport requiring @entity2 receptors expression in HUVECs. Primary cultured HUVECs from full-term normal (n   =   38) and diet-treated @entity1 (n   =   38) pregnancies were used. Insulin effect was assayed on @entity0 cationic @entity3 transporter 1 ( @entity6 ) expression (protein, mRNA, @entity6 promoter activity) and activity (initial rates of @entity4 transport) in the absence or presence of @entity2 receptors agonists or antagonists. A1 @entity2 receptors (A1AR) and A2AAR expression (Western blot, quantitative PCR) was determined. Experiments were done in cells expressing or siRNA-suppressed expression of A1AR or A2AAR. HUVECs from @entity1 exhibit higher maximal transport capacity (maximal velocity (V max)/apparent Michaelis Menten constant (K m), V max/K m), which is blocked by insulin by reducing the V max to values in cells from normal pregnancies. Insulin also reversed the @entity1 -associated increase in @entity6 protein abundance and mRNA expression, and @entity6 promoter activity for the fragment -606  bp from the transcription start point. Insulin effects required A1AR, but not A2AAR expression and activity in this cell type. In the absence of insulin, @entity1 -increased @entity6 expression and activity required A2AAR expression and activity. HUVECs from @entity1 pregnancies exhibit a differential requirement of A1AR or A2AAR depending on the level of insulin, a phenomenon that represent a condition where @entity2 or analogues of this @entity5 could be acting as helpers of insulin biological effects in @entity1 .

title: Insulin requires A1 XXXX receptors expression to reverse gestational diabetes-increased @entity4 transport in @entity0 umbilical vein endothelium.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) associates with increased @entity4 transport and extracellular concentration of @entity2 in @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In this study we aim to determine whether insulin reverses @entity1 -increased @entity4 transport requiring @entity2 receptors expression in HUVECs. Primary cultured HUVECs from full-term normal (n   =   38) and diet-treated @entity1 (n   =   38) pregnancies were used. Insulin effect was assayed on @entity0 cationic @entity3 transporter 1 ( @entity6 ) expression (protein, mRNA, @entity6 promoter activity) and activity (initial rates of @entity4 transport) in the absence or presence of @entity2 receptors agonists or antagonists. A1 @entity2 receptors (A1AR) and A2AAR expression (Western blot, quantitative PCR) was determined. Experiments were done in cells expressing or siRNA-suppressed expression of A1AR or A2AAR. HUVECs from @entity1 exhibit higher maximal transport capacity (maximal velocity (V max)/apparent Michaelis Menten constant (K m), V max/K m), which is blocked by insulin by reducing the V max to values in cells from normal pregnancies. Insulin also reversed the @entity1 -associated increase in @entity6 protein abundance and mRNA expression, and @entity6 promoter activity for the fragment -606  bp from the transcription start point. Insulin effects required A1AR, but not A2AAR expression and activity in this cell type. In the absence of insulin, @entity1 -increased @entity6 expression and activity required A2AAR expression and activity. HUVECs from @entity1 pregnancies exhibit a differential requirement of A1AR or A2AAR depending on the level of insulin, a phenomenon that represent a condition where @entity2 or analogues of this @entity5 could be acting as helpers of insulin biological effects in @entity1 .

title: Insulin requires A1 @entity2 receptors expression to reverse gestational diabetes-increased @entity4 transport in XXXX umbilical vein endothelium.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical characteristics of retroperitoneal malignant @entity2 ( @entity3 ) and to retrospectively evaluate the outcome of treatment and identify prognostic factors for survival time. METHODS: The records of 38 @entity0 with retroperitoneal malignant @entity2 ( @entity3 ) managed with surgery from March 2000 to August 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: All @entity0 received surgical resection, including 23 @entity1 and 15 recurrent @entity1 . 20 @entity0 received radical resection, 18 cases received palliative resection. The 19 @entity0 (95%) received complete resection got @entity1 recurrence. The overall 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rate were 62.9%, 35.2% and 4.4% and the median survival time was 15.5 (1-157) months. Log-rank test indicated that @entity1 grade ((  (2) = 10.667, P < 0.01) and radical surgery (  (2) = 18.476, P < 0.01) were associated with postoperative survival time. The difference between gender ((  (2) = 3.329, P = 0.068), age ((  (2) = 0.426, P = 0.514), removal of the joint organs ((  (2) = 3.725, P = 0.054), blood transfusion ((  (2) = 0.044, P = 0.833), @entity1 size ((  (2) = 1.647, P = 0.199), @entity1 metastasis ((  (2) = 0.345, P = 0.557), adjuvant therapy ((  (2) = 1.992, P = 0.158), recurrent disease ((  (2) = 0.163, P = 0.640) got no statistical significance. Multivariate analysis indicated that radical surgery and @entity1 grade were prognostic indicators for retroperitoneal malignant @entity2 (RR = 4.888, P = 0.001; HR = 4.436, P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has high malignant degree and is difficult to treat. The prognosis is poor. Complete resection remains the main method for retroperitoneal malignant @entity2 . It often requires the resection of other adjacent organs in order to reach the goal of radical resection. Incomplete resection and high grade (grade 3) predict shorter postoperative survival time.

title: [Clinical analysis of diagnosis and treatment for retroperitoneal malignant XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The interactions of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) with the periplasmic chaperone Skp from @entity1 are not well understood. We have examined the binding of Skp to various OMPs of different origin, size, and function. These were OmpA, OmpG, and YaeT (Omp85) from @entity1 , the translocator domain of the autotransporter NalP from Neisseria meningitides, FomA from @entity4 , and the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel, @entity0 isoform 1 ( @entity5 ) from mitochondria. Binding of Skp was observed for bacterial OMPs, but neither for @entity5 nor for soluble bovine serum albumin. The Skp trimer formed 1:1 complexes, OMP.Skp(3), with bacterial OMPs, independent of their size or origin. The dissociation constants of these OMP.Skp(3) complexes were all in the nanomolar range, indicating that they are stable. Complexes of Skp(3) with YaeT displayed the smallest dissociation constants, complexes with NalP the largest. OMP binding to Skp(3) was pH-dependent and not observed when either Skp or OMPs were neutralized at very basic or very acidic pH. When the ionic strength was increased, the free energies of binding of Skp to OmpA or OmpG were reduced. Electrostatic interactions were therefore necessary for formation and stability of OMP.Skp(3) complexes. Light-scattering and circular dichroism experiments demonstrated that Skp(3) remained a stable trimer from pH 3 to pH 11. In the OmpA.Skp(3) complex, Skp efficiently shielded @entity2 residues of the transmembrane strands of OmpA against fluorescence quenching by aqueous @entity3 . Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, bound to OmpA.Skp(3) complexes at low stoichiometries. @entity3 quenching of fluorescence indicated that in this ternary complex, the @entity2 residues of the transmembrane domain of OmpA were located closer to the surface than in binary OmpA.Skp(3) complexes. This may explain previous observations that folding of Skp-bound OmpA into lipid bilayers is facilitated in presence of LPS.

title: The trimeric periplasmic chaperone Skp of XXXX forms 1:1 complexes with outer membrane proteins via hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical features of @entity0 with @entity13 ( @entity13 ) associated with @entity9 ( @entity9 ). METHODS: The clinical data of 37 (44.6%) hospitalized @entity13 @entity0 associated with @entity9 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2008 to January 2014 was retrospectively analyzed, using the rest 46 hospitalized @entity13 @entity0 without @entity9 as control. RESULTS: (1) Out of the 37 @entity13 @entity0 with @entity9 , there were 15 @entity0 and 22 @entity0 , with the average age of (64    9) years old and average time between the diagnosis and onset of the disease of 24.5 months. (2) Neurologic manifestations of these @entity0 : @entity12 multiplex (56.8%) and distal symmetrical @entity3 (43.2%) were the predominant peripheral nervous system manifestations. Lower limbs were more frequently affected, and @entity11 were more commonly seen than single motor abnormalities. (3) Compared with @entity13 @entity0 without @entity9 , the incidence of @entity7 and the count of platelet in peripheral blood, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were statistically higher, while the serum level of albumin was statistically lower in @entity13 @entity0 with @entity9 . There were no statistical differences in age, sex, @entity2 , @entity10 , @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity4 , renal and central nervous system involvement between two groups. (4) The multivariant Logistic regression analysis suggested that @entity8 was the risk factor for @entity9 in @entity13 @entity0 (OR = 1.005, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity9 is common in @entity13 @entity0 . @entity12 multiplex and distal symmetrical @entity3 , mixed @entity1 , and lower limbs involvement are predominant peripheral neurologic manifestations. @entity8 may be one of the risk factors of @entity9 in @entity13 @entity0 , and @entity9 may have minor effect on the prognosis of @entity13 .

title: [Clinical features of XXXX associated with @entity9 ].

answer: @entity13


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical features of @entity0 with @entity13 ( @entity13 ) associated with @entity9 ( @entity9 ). METHODS: The clinical data of 37 (44.6%) hospitalized @entity13 @entity0 associated with @entity9 in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2008 to January 2014 was retrospectively analyzed, using the rest 46 hospitalized @entity13 @entity0 without @entity9 as control. RESULTS: (1) Out of the 37 @entity13 @entity0 with @entity9 , there were 15 @entity0 and 22 @entity0 , with the average age of (64    9) years old and average time between the diagnosis and onset of the disease of 24.5 months. (2) Neurologic manifestations of these @entity0 : @entity12 multiplex (56.8%) and distal symmetrical @entity3 (43.2%) were the predominant peripheral nervous system manifestations. Lower limbs were more frequently affected, and @entity11 were more commonly seen than single motor abnormalities. (3) Compared with @entity13 @entity0 without @entity9 , the incidence of @entity7 and the count of platelet in peripheral blood, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were statistically higher, while the serum level of albumin was statistically lower in @entity13 @entity0 with @entity9 . There were no statistical differences in age, sex, @entity2 , @entity10 , @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity4 , renal and central nervous system involvement between two groups. (4) The multivariant Logistic regression analysis suggested that @entity8 was the risk factor for @entity9 in @entity13 @entity0 (OR = 1.005, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity9 is common in @entity13 @entity0 . @entity12 multiplex and distal symmetrical @entity3 , mixed @entity1 , and lower limbs involvement are predominant peripheral neurologic manifestations. @entity8 may be one of the risk factors of @entity9 in @entity13 @entity0 , and @entity9 may have minor effect on the prognosis of @entity13 .

title: [Clinical features of @entity13 associated with XXXX ].

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the existing newborn sickle haemoglobinopathy screening programme in Jamaica. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of @entity0 screened during the period 8 November 1995 to 22 July 2006 was performed. @entity0 data for analyses was restricted to @entity0 with homozygous ( @entity1 ) @entity1 . Published data from the Jamaican Sickle Cell Cohort Study was used to make comparisons with the study sample. RESULTS: The study sample consisted of 435 @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity2 was the most common clinical (non-death) event accounting for approximately 50% of all events. Acute @entity3 , no longer a significant cause of mortality, was responsible for approximately 32% of clinical events. Seven deaths (1.8%) occurred during the study period compared with 17.6% to the same age in the Jamaican Sickle Cell Cohort Study. There was a lower proportion of hospital admissions and episodes of serious illness in the study group compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: Survival estimates for the study sample showed improvement compared with the Jamaican Sickle Cell Cohort Study. This study continues to demonstrate the benefits of, and as such shows support for, newborn screening and early interventions in @entity1 . In addition, it highlights some of the areas for continued focus and research development. Although the current system is providing an essential and beneficial service, the study emphasizes the need for newborn screening programmes to be comprehensive care systems to be fully effective.

title: Newborn XXXX screening: the Jamaican experience (1995-2006).

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of treatment of @entity2 of the femoral head (ONFH) by minimally invasive vascularized bone grafting. METHODS: 232 ONFH @entity0 (232 hips), 146 males and 86 females, aged 39.8 (22 - 55), 114 being at the Ficat and Arlet stage II, 96 at stage III, and 22 at stage IV, were treated with minimally invasive vascularized bone grafting: pedicled @entity1 with ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery (ALFCA) in 83 cases, pedicled greater trochanter bone flap with transversal branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery (TLFCA) in 66 cases, pedicled greater trochanter bone flap with gluteal muscle branch of ascending branch of the lateral femoral circumflex artery (GALFCA) in 54 cases, and pedicled greater trochanter bone flap with double blood vessels (TLFCA and GALFCA) in 29 cases. The mean incision length was 9.8 cm (7 - 11 cm). All @entity0 were followed up for 39 months (10 - 62 months) and were assessed clinically and radiologically according to Harris scoring. Selective digital subtraction angiography was performed in 58 cases to confirm the blood reconstruction of femoral head. RESULTS: The postoperative Harris score was 87.8, higher than the preoperative Harris score (57). The clinical success rate was 87.5% and the radiological success rate was 79.7%. Kaplan-Meier survivorship curves showed that the overall survival rate was 90.09%, the survival rates of the @entity0 at the Ficat stage II and Ficat stage III were 96.49% and 88.54% respectively, both significantly higher than that of the @entity0 at the Ficat stage IV (63.64%, P < 0.01, P = 0.0084). DSA demonstrated satisfactory filling of the vessel pedicles and abundant blood supply in 56 of the 58 necrotic femoral heads. Twenty-three cases had to undergo total hip replacement 16 - 58 month after the minimally invasive vascularized bone grafting. CONCLUSION: Blood supply of bone flap and blood reconstruction of femoral head can be achieved by using minimally invasive vascularized bone grafting in treatment of @entity2 of the femoral head with a satisfactory clinical effect in early to mid-term follow-up.

title: [Treatment of XXXX of femoral head with minimally invasive vascularized bone grafting].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the diagnostic value of TruScreen (TS) as a novel option for @entity1 screening. METHODS: A total of 218 cases were selected between 2013 December and 2014 November from outpatients of the Department of Gynecology, PLA General Hospital. Using histopathology as the gold standard for diagnosis, the diagnostic efficacy of TS was compared with that of high-risk @entity2 (Hr-HPV) test. RESULTS: (1) In 218 @entity0 , there were 193 Hr-HPV positive cases accounting for 88.5%, 94 TS positive cases accounting for 43.1%. According to the histopathology, there were 112 cases of @entity4 ( @entity4 )1(+), 71 cases of CIN2(+), accounting for 51.4% and 32.6%, respectively. (2) The sensitivity of Hr-HPV was 98.2% and specificity was 21.7%. The sensitivity of TS was 51.8% and specificity 66.0%. (3) Sensitivity of TS for triaging cases of atypical squamous cells of undetermined signification (ASC-US) was 43.9%, specificity 65.7%, diagnostic accordance rate 53.9%. Those indexes for triaging cases of equivalent or more than atypical squamous cells-cannot exclude high-grade @entity3 (ASC-H) were 56.3%, 66.2% and 61.3%. With regard to Hr-HPV test, those indexes for triaging cases of equivalent or more than ASC-H were 97.2%, 32.4% and 64.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Hr-HPV test shows higher sensitivity while TruScreen shows higher specificity for @entity1 screening. More studies with larger sample size are still needed to evaluate which method is a better triage tool.

title: [Diagnostic value of TruScreen in XXXX screening].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine if physiological @entity8 induces a proatherogenic inflammatory response in mononuclear cells (MNCs) in @entity2 reproductive-age @entity0 . RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Seven @entity2 and 6 age-matched lean @entity0 (20 to 39 years of age) underwent a 2-hour 75-g oral @entity4 tolerance test. The release of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) from MNCs cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was measured after isolation from blood samples drawn fasting and 2 hours after @entity4 ingestion. Reactive @entity1 species (ROS) generation and intra-nuclear nuclear factor kappaB ( @entity7 ) from MNCs were quantified from the same blood samples. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Total body fat and truncal fat were determined by DXA. RESULTS: Obese @entity0 had a higher (p < 0.03) total body fat (42.2 +/- 1.1 vs. 27.7 +/- 2.0%), truncal fat (42.1 +/- 1.2 vs. 22.3 +/- 2.4%), and HOMA-IR (3.3 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.2). LPS-stimulated @entity5 release from MNCs was suppressed during @entity8 in lean subjects (1884 +/- 495 vs. 638 +/- 435 pg/mL, p < 0.05) but not in @entity2 @entity0 (1184 +/- 387 vs. 1403 +/- 498 pg/mL). There was a difference (p < 0.05) between groups in the @entity8 -induced MNC-mediated release of @entity5 (-1196 +/- 475 vs. 219 +/- 175 pg/mL) and @entity6 (-79 +/- 43 vs. 17 +/- 12 pg/mL). In addition, the @entity2 group exhibited increased (p < 0.05) MNC-derived ROS generation (39.3 +/- 9.9 vs. -1.0 +/- 12.8%) and intra-nuclear @entity7 (9.4 +/- 7.3 vs. -23.5 +/- 13.5%). Truncal fat was positively correlated with the MNC-derived @entity5 response (rho = 0.58, p < 0.05) and intra-nuclear @entity7 (rho = 0.64, p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: These data suggest that @entity2 reproductive-age @entity0 are unable to suppress proatherogenic @entity3 during physiological @entity8 . Increased adiposity may be a significant contributor to this pro-inflammatory susceptibility.

title: Obese reproductive-age @entity0 exhibit a proatherogenic inflammatory response during XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine if physiological @entity8 induces a proatherogenic inflammatory response in mononuclear cells (MNCs) in @entity2 reproductive-age @entity0 . RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Seven @entity2 and 6 age-matched lean @entity0 (20 to 39 years of age) underwent a 2-hour 75-g oral @entity4 tolerance test. The release of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) from MNCs cultured in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was measured after isolation from blood samples drawn fasting and 2 hours after @entity4 ingestion. Reactive @entity1 species (ROS) generation and intra-nuclear nuclear factor kappaB ( @entity7 ) from MNCs were quantified from the same blood samples. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Total body fat and truncal fat were determined by DXA. RESULTS: Obese @entity0 had a higher (p < 0.03) total body fat (42.2 +/- 1.1 vs. 27.7 +/- 2.0%), truncal fat (42.1 +/- 1.2 vs. 22.3 +/- 2.4%), and HOMA-IR (3.3 +/- 0.5 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.2). LPS-stimulated @entity5 release from MNCs was suppressed during @entity8 in lean subjects (1884 +/- 495 vs. 638 +/- 435 pg/mL, p < 0.05) but not in @entity2 @entity0 (1184 +/- 387 vs. 1403 +/- 498 pg/mL). There was a difference (p < 0.05) between groups in the @entity8 -induced MNC-mediated release of @entity5 (-1196 +/- 475 vs. 219 +/- 175 pg/mL) and @entity6 (-79 +/- 43 vs. 17 +/- 12 pg/mL). In addition, the @entity2 group exhibited increased (p < 0.05) MNC-derived ROS generation (39.3 +/- 9.9 vs. -1.0 +/- 12.8%) and intra-nuclear @entity7 (9.4 +/- 7.3 vs. -23.5 +/- 13.5%). Truncal fat was positively correlated with the MNC-derived @entity5 response (rho = 0.58, p < 0.05) and intra-nuclear @entity7 (rho = 0.64, p < 0.05). DISCUSSION: These data suggest that @entity2 reproductive-age @entity0 are unable to suppress proatherogenic @entity3 during physiological @entity8 . Increased adiposity may be a significant contributor to this pro-inflammatory susceptibility.

title: Obese reproductive-age XXXX exhibit a proatherogenic inflammatory response during @entity8 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The therapeutic armamentarium for vascular risk factors in industrialized countries improved over the past decades. We therefore studied vascular mortality trends in France between 1979 and 2001, and explored how these trends are related to @entity1 or nonstroke vascular mortality changes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included all @entity3 from @entity4 in the French population from 1979 to 2001. Trends for total, @entity1 and nonstroke vascular mortality were estimated using log-linear Poisson regression models. Gender-specific mortality rates were standardized directly by 5-year groups to the 1990 French population. RESULTS: During the 1979-2001 period, the mean annual percentage change in @entity3 rates varied across age groups (<35, 35-54, 55-64, 65-74, >or=75) between -2.4 to -3.3% in @entity0 and -2.5 to -4.1% in @entity0 . Respectively, 25.7 and 30.9% of @entity3 was attributed to @entity2 in @entity0 and @entity0 . @entity1 mortality and nonstroke vascular mortality rates declined respectively by 60.9 and 34.6% in @entity0 , and 60.4 and 38.9% in @entity0 . CONCLUSION: We observed a dramatic 60% reduction of @entity1 @entity3 in France in the last 20 years. @entity1 @entity3 decreased at about twice the rate as other causes of @entity3 . Improved management of vascular risk factors could partly explain these results.

title: XXXX and vascular mortality trends in France: 1979-2001.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The @entity1 ( @entity2 ) antioxidant system has been shown to play an important role in the maintenance of good health and disease prevention. Various approaches have been used to enhance @entity2 availability including diet, nutritional supplementation, and drug administration, with minor to moderate success. Exercise training has evolved as a new approach. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise training (AET), circuit weight training (CWT), and combined training (AET+CWT) on general adaptations, and resistance to acutely induced oxidative stress, as assessed by changes in the @entity2 antioxidant system. METHODS: Eighty healthy sedentary volunteers participated in the study who were randomly assigned to four groups: control (no exercise); AET, CWT, and AET+CWT. Exercise training programs were designed to simulate outpatient cardiac rehabilitation (40 min x 3 days x 6 weeks). @entity0 sampling was taken at rest and post maximal graded exercise test (GXT). A new improved spectrophotometric venous assay analysis technique was used. A mixed model repeated measures analysis of variance design was used with t-tests for preplanned comparisons evaluated at Bonferroni-adjusted alpha levels. RESULTS: Effectiveness of the exercise training programs was demonstrated by significant between-group (exercise group versus control) comparisons. AET, CWT, and AET+CWT showed significant pretraining-posttraining increases in resting @entity2 and @entity1 - @entity3 ratio ( @entity2 : @entity3 ), and significant decreases in @entity3 levels (P<0.005). AET+CWT showed the most pronounced effect compared with AET or CWT alone (P<0.025). CONCLUSION: This study represents the first longitudinal investigation involving the effects of multiple modes of exercise training on the @entity2 antioxidant system with evidence, suggesting the GHS: @entity3 ratio as the most sensitive change marker. The significant findings of this study have potential clinical implications to individuals involved in cardiac and pulmonary rehabilitation.

title: Effects of exercise training on the XXXX antioxidant system.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is associated with @entity1 or transplantation and is typically considered a homogeneous process affecting global left ventricular (LV) function. However, assessment of regional abnormalities that contribute to pumping inefficiencies is lacking. The aim of this study was to define regional strain patterns of mechanical inefficiency in the broader context of LV discoordination (dysfunction and timing abnormalities) and to evaluate their associations with LV function and clinical outcomes. METHODS: Multiplanar apical LV echocardiographic images from @entity0 with pediatric @entity2 (n  =  56) and control subjects (n  =  20) were analyzed by two-dimensional longitudinal speckle-tracking strain analysis to identify segmental strain patterns and global contraction groups. Clinical outcome ( @entity1 or transplantation vs transplantation-free survival) and echocardiographic data were evaluated. Outcome groups were compared using the Fisher exact test, the   (2) test, or analysis of variance (with P values   <=  .05 considered to indicate statistical significance). RESULTS: Of 56 @entity0 with @entity2 , 29 (52%) progressed to @entity1 or transplantation. Five segmental strain patterns were observed that were used to define seven contraction groups by regional contractility and/or timing discoordination. The group(s) with the most discoordination had the most @entity4 (P  =  .0004) and a trend toward the highest frequency of @entity1 or transplantation (P  =  .069). Interreader reproducibility of segmental strain patterns agreed in 165 or 180 (92%) segments tested (k  =  0.90). Control subjects had normal strain patterns. CONCLUSIONS: A heterogeneous @entity3 in the regional wall mechanics that lead to inefficient pump mechanics through functional and timing abnormalities were seen in this cohort and were categorized into natural subgroups. More severe LV discoordination was associated with increased @entity4 and a trend toward @entity1 or transplantation.

title: Patterns of Mechanical Inefficiency in XXXX and Their Relation to Left Ventricular Function and Clinical Outcomes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity7 (DCMid) account for about one-third of @entity0 with @entity6 . Recent studies found a myocardial viral genomic persistence in up to 67% of DCMid @entity0 , indicating a possible inflammatory etiology (DCMi). Considering the importance of DCMi, we aimed to study the present knowledge on risk factors in DCMi. METHODS: Review of published literature on risk factors for DCMi/DCMid from 1989 through 2005 in Medline database and the Cochrane library (search terms 'epidemiology', 'risk factors', ' @entity4 ' and ' @entity7 '). RESULTS: An extended array of risk factors in DCMid has been investigated in 11 studies. No studies addressing specifically DCMi, however, were found. Consistent associations with DCMid were reported only for @entity1 , black race, male sex and estimated low income. Inconsistent results were observed for the presence of @entity5 , @entity2 and smoking. Few studies addressed potential risk factors such as low education level, @entity3 and environmental factors. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the high number of potential DCMi @entity0 among @entity0 with DCMid, results on risk factors for DCMid are likely relevant to at least a number of @entity0 with DCMi. Future studies of risk factors in DCMi should include specific case classification and the application of standardized instruments for risk-factor assessment. The four-center SFB/TR 19 study aims to establish a prospective cohort of DCMi @entity0 validated by endomyocardial biopsy.

title: Towards risk factor assessment in XXXX : the SFB/TR 19 study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The UK Government has set a target of halting the rise in @entity1 by 2010. However, at the time the target was set, no monitoring process existed. The English Department of Health has now issued guidelines to primary care trusts for the annual weighing and measuring of all @entity0 on entry to primary school and in year 6. AIM: Development of an inexpensive school-based monitoring scheme for trends in @entity1 suitable for national implementation. METHOD: The methodology was developed in 10 pilot schools in 2004 and implemented in 25 primary schools and three secondary schools in 2005. Specially trained healthcare support workers (HCSWs) recorded height and weight measurements of primary school @entity0 in reception and year 4, and secondary school @entity0 in year 8 (aged 5, 8 and 13 years, respectively, on average). The ethnic and socio-economic profile of the sample was compared with census data, and the levels of @entity1 were calculated using standard age cut-offs. RESULTS: While monitoring in primary schools was achieved with no evidence of disruption to the schools or distress to the subjects, monitoring in secondary schools was deemed to be impractical. Cost analysis indicated an estimated cost of less than 1.50 UK pounds per primary school @entity0 measured. CONCLUSIONS: The model provides a viable means of monitoring @entity1 trends. Monitoring should be confined to primary schools and should be conducted by specially trained HCSWs rather than school nurses.

title: Monitoring trends in XXXX : a simple school-based model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the clinical value of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in diagnosis of @entity4 in early-stage squamous cell @entity2 . METHODS: Cochrane library, biomedical database (EMbase), PubMed, China national knowledge internet (CNKI), Wang Fang database,   Gynecologic Oncology  ,   National Medical Journal of China   and   Chinese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology   were searched for literatures from 1990 to 2014 concerning SLNB application in early-stage @entity3 . Literatures were filtrated according to inclusive and exclusive criteria. Meta Disc 1.4 software was used for meta-analysis. RESULTS: A total of 2 459 literatures were obtained, out of which 29 were eligible for analysis, including 28 in English and 1 in Chinese. Twenty-three studies were prospective and 6 were retrospective, including 1 371 @entity0 with early-stage squamous cell @entity2 . The sensitivity of SLNB for diagnosis of @entity4 in early-stage @entity1 ranged from 66.7% to 100%, and the specificity were 100% in all studies. No significant heterogeneity was found among the results of enrolled studies (I(2)=12.8%, P=0.270). The data were pooled by fixed effect model, and the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.94 (95%CI: 0.91-0.96) and 1.00 (95%CI: 0.99-1.00), respectively. The calculated area under curve (AUC) of summarized Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) was 0.987 0. Subgroup analysis showed that the pooled sensitivity of SLNB were 0.92 (95%CI: 0.85-0.97) and 0.94 (95%CI: 0.91-0.97) in studies using single and combined tracers, respectively, and that they were 0.93 (95%CI: 0.90-0.96) and 0.97 (95%CI: 0.90-1.00) in studies with and without ultra-staging techniques, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: SLNB is a highly accurate technique for diagnosis of @entity4 in early-stage squamous cell @entity2 . The sensitivity and specificity are similar in SLNBs using different techniques.

title: [Meta-analysis of application value of sentinel lymph node biopsy in early-stage XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: Self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) can be used for the palliation of @entity2 . This study assessed the feasibility and efficacy of endoscopically inserted SEMSs for the palliation of @entity1 in the stomach and duodenum. METHODS: Between January 2011 and April 2014, 220 @entity0 with @entity3 due to @entity1 underwent endoscopic SEMS insertion at Asan Medical Center. The associations of technical/clinical outcomes and complications with the type of stent and site of obstruction were analyzed. RESULTS: The 220 @entity0 included 125 @entity0 (56.8  %) and 95 @entity0 (43.2  %); median @entity0 age was 63  years. Fully covered, partially covered, and uncovered SEMSs were inserted into 16, 77, and 120 @entity0 , respectively. Obstructions were located in the gastric outlet, including the duodenal bulb, in 106 @entity0 , and in the duodenal second and third portions in 114 @entity0 . Technical success was achieved in 213 of 220 @entity0 (96.8  %) and clinical success in 184 of 213 (86.4  %). Clinical success rates were similar to the type of stent, but were significantly greater for gastric outlet (95/104, 91.3  %) than for duodenal (89/109, 81.7  %) obstructions (p  =  0.039). Stent migration was observed in 20 @entity0 (9.1  %) and stent obstruction in 51 (23.2  %). Rates of stent migration were significantly higher for fully covered (6/16, 37.5  %) than for partially covered (7/77, 9.1  %) and uncovered (7/120, 5.8  %) SEMSs (p  <  0.001) and were significantly higher for gastric outlet (16/104, 15.4  %) than for duodenal (4/109, 1.2  %) obstructions (p  =  0.003). Rates of stent obstruction were similar for fully covered (2/16, 12.5  %), partially covered (17/77, 22.1  %), and uncovered (32/120, 26.7  %) SEMSs (p  =  0.409) and in @entity0 with gastric outlet (26/104, 25.0  %) and duodenal (25/109, 22.9  %) obstruction (p  =  0.724). CONCLUSIONS: SEMS selection for @entity2 depends on the site of obstruction.

title: Outcomes of endoscopically inserted self-expandable metal stents in XXXX according to the type of stent and the site of obstruction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in @entity2 should be further evaluated because the accuracy of EUS depends on @entity1 location. We aimed to identify a specific role of EUS for therapeutic decision-making in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: Initial EUS examinations for treatment-na  ve @entity2 that were followed by endoscopic resection or surgery were included in the study. Lesions were classified as @entity4 according to @entity1 location. The diagnostic performance of EUS in predicting invasion depth was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The overall accuracy of EUS in predicting invasion depth did not differ between the @entity4 groups (44.4 vs. 52.3  %, P  =  0.259). The underestimation rate was higher in the @entity4 group than in the @entity4 group (37.0 vs. 18.5  %, P  =  0.001). When the depth of invasion was predicted to be deeper than the mucosa (submucosal or deeper) by EUS, the positive predictive value was 82.1 [95  % confidence interval (CI), 66.5-92.5  %] and 62.9  % (95  % CI, 60.5-66.9  %) in the @entity4 groups, respectively (P  =  0.015). In multivariable analysis, @entity1 location in the @entity3 was found to be an independent factor for the underestimation of invasion depth [odds ratio (95  % CI)  =  2.242 (1.156-4.349)]. CONCLUSIONS: The underestimation rate in predicting invasion depth was significantly higher for @entity4 . Therefore, selection of the treatment method for @entity2 via EUS should be done carefully.

title: A specific role of endoscopic ultrasonography for therapeutic decision-making in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The role of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in @entity2 should be further evaluated because the accuracy of EUS depends on @entity1 location. We aimed to identify a specific role of EUS for therapeutic decision-making in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: Initial EUS examinations for treatment-na  ve @entity2 that were followed by endoscopic resection or surgery were included in the study. Lesions were classified as @entity4 according to @entity1 location. The diagnostic performance of EUS in predicting invasion depth was compared between the two groups. RESULTS: The overall accuracy of EUS in predicting invasion depth did not differ between the @entity4 groups (44.4 vs. 52.3  %, P  =  0.259). The underestimation rate was higher in the @entity4 group than in the @entity4 group (37.0 vs. 18.5  %, P  =  0.001). When the depth of invasion was predicted to be deeper than the mucosa (submucosal or deeper) by EUS, the positive predictive value was 82.1 [95  % confidence interval (CI), 66.5-92.5  %] and 62.9  % (95  % CI, 60.5-66.9  %) in the @entity4 groups, respectively (P  =  0.015). In multivariable analysis, @entity1 location in the @entity3 was found to be an independent factor for the underestimation of invasion depth [odds ratio (95  % CI)  =  2.242 (1.156-4.349)]. CONCLUSIONS: The underestimation rate in predicting invasion depth was significantly higher for @entity4 . Therefore, selection of the treatment method for @entity2 via EUS should be done carefully.

title: A specific role of endoscopic ultrasonography for therapeutic decision-making in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is common, affecting nearly 400 million @entity0 worldwide. Achieving good health for @entity0 with @entity1 requires active self-management; however, uptake of self-management education is poor, and there is an urgent need to find better, more acceptable, cost-effective methods of providing self-management support. Web-based self-management support has many potential benefits for @entity0 and health services. The aim of this trial is to determine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a web-based self-management support programme for @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: This will be a multi-centre individually randomised controlled trial in primary care, recruiting adults with @entity1 who are registered with participating general practices in England. @entity0 will be randomised to receive either an evidence-based, theoretically informed, web-based self-management programme for @entity0 with @entity1 which addresses medical, emotional, and role management, called Healthy Living for @entity0 with type 2 @entity1 ( @entity1 ) or a simple information website. The joint primary outcomes are glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and @entity1 , measured by the Problem Areas In @entity1 (PAID) questionnaire. Secondary outcomes include @entity2 factors, @entity4 and @entity3 , and self-efficacy for self-management of @entity1 . Health economic data include health service use, costs due to the intervention, and EQ-5D for calculation of Quality Adjusted Life Years (QALYS). Data will be collected at baseline, 3  months and 12  months, with the primary endpoint at 12  months. Practice nurses, blinded to @entity0 allocation, collect clinical data; @entity0 complete online questionnaires for @entity0 reported measures. A sample size of 350 recruited @entity0 allows for @entity5 of up to 15  % and will provide 90  % power of detecting at a 5  % significance level a true average difference in the PAID score of 4.0 and 0.25  % change in HbA1c (both small effect sizes). The analysis will follow a pre-specified analysis plan, based on comparing the groups as randomised (intention-to-treat). DISCUSSION: The findings of this trial are likely to be of interest to policy makers, clinicians, and commissioners, all of whom are actively seeking additional forms of self-management support for @entity0 with @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: The Trial Registration number is ISRCTN 02123133 ; date of registration 14.2.13.

title: XXXX : randomised controlled trial protocol.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal hormone therapy has been examined extensively in relation to @entity2 . However, research relating serum levels of sex hormones to @entity2 is sparse, and the results are inconclusive. METHODS: We measured sex hormones in longitudinally collected samples of 180 postmenopausal @entity0 , 91 randomized to @entity1 and 89 to placebo, in the @entity4 in the Prevention of @entity7 Trial. Repeated measures of sex hormone levels were tested for an association with @entity9 ( @entity9 ), which was also assessed longitudinally over 2 yr. RESULTS: In all @entity0 , changes in serum @entity8 (P = 0.02), total @entity1 (P = 0.01), free @entity1 (P = 0.02), and @entity6 (P = 0.005) were significantly inversely associated with @entity9 progression, controlling for age and body mass index. All the @entity4 compounds and @entity6 were significantly inversely related with low-density lipoprotein @entity3 and positively associated with high-density lipoprotein @entity3 (all P < 0.0001), whereas free @entity5 was positively related with low-density lipoprotein @entity3 and inversely associated with high-density lipoprotein @entity3 (P < 0.003). Despite an increase in serum-free @entity1 with @entity1 therapy, @entity0 with unchanged @entity6 and free @entity5 levels had an average (se) progression in @entity9 of 8.53 (4.72) microm/yr, whereas @entity0 with increased free @entity1 and @entity6 and decreased free @entity5 had the largest reduction in @entity9 progression [-5.45 (2.77) microm/yr; trend P = 0.03]. CONCLUSION: @entity4 and @entity6 are associated with reduced subclinical @entity7 progression in healthy postmenopausal @entity0 . These associations are partially mediated by their beneficial effects on lipids. Among @entity0 taking @entity1 , the most beneficial hormone profile for @entity9 progression was increased free @entity1 and @entity6 with concomitant decreased free @entity5 .

title: Relationship between serum levels of sex hormones and progression of subclinical XXXX in postmenopausal @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal hormone therapy has been examined extensively in relation to @entity2 . However, research relating serum levels of sex hormones to @entity2 is sparse, and the results are inconclusive. METHODS: We measured sex hormones in longitudinally collected samples of 180 postmenopausal @entity0 , 91 randomized to @entity1 and 89 to placebo, in the @entity4 in the Prevention of @entity7 Trial. Repeated measures of sex hormone levels were tested for an association with @entity9 ( @entity9 ), which was also assessed longitudinally over 2 yr. RESULTS: In all @entity0 , changes in serum @entity8 (P = 0.02), total @entity1 (P = 0.01), free @entity1 (P = 0.02), and @entity6 (P = 0.005) were significantly inversely associated with @entity9 progression, controlling for age and body mass index. All the @entity4 compounds and @entity6 were significantly inversely related with low-density lipoprotein @entity3 and positively associated with high-density lipoprotein @entity3 (all P < 0.0001), whereas free @entity5 was positively related with low-density lipoprotein @entity3 and inversely associated with high-density lipoprotein @entity3 (P < 0.003). Despite an increase in serum-free @entity1 with @entity1 therapy, @entity0 with unchanged @entity6 and free @entity5 levels had an average (se) progression in @entity9 of 8.53 (4.72) microm/yr, whereas @entity0 with increased free @entity1 and @entity6 and decreased free @entity5 had the largest reduction in @entity9 progression [-5.45 (2.77) microm/yr; trend P = 0.03]. CONCLUSION: @entity4 and @entity6 are associated with reduced subclinical @entity7 progression in healthy postmenopausal @entity0 . These associations are partially mediated by their beneficial effects on lipids. Among @entity0 taking @entity1 , the most beneficial hormone profile for @entity9 progression was increased free @entity1 and @entity6 with concomitant decreased free @entity5 .

title: Relationship between serum levels of sex hormones and progression of subclinical @entity7 in postmenopausal XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Many theories of normal pressure @entity3 (NPH) stress the importance of @entity1 in the deep white matter. Alternate theories stress a reduction in superficial venous compliance and changes in pulse-wave propagation. An overlap in the cerebral blood flow volumes measured between NPH and controls suggests that @entity1 may not be a prerequisite for this condition. This study sought to compare blood flow and compliance measures in a cohort of @entity0 with NPH selected for having arterial inflows above the normal range to see if deep @entity5 or superficial hemodynamic changes contribute to the pathophysiology of NPH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity0 with NPH and arterial inflows above the normal range were selected. They underwent MR imaging with flow quantification measuring the total blood inflow, sagittal/straight sinus outflow, aqueduct @entity2 volume, and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). @entity0 were compared with 12 age-matched controls. RESULTS: The deep outflow volumes were normal. The superficial venous outflow was reduced as a percentage of the inflow by 9% (P = .04). The sagittal sinus compliance as measured by the @entity4 was reduced by 50% (P = .0001), and the aqueduct @entity2 volume was elevated by 192% (P = .02). CONCLUSION: @entity1 in the deep venous territory is not a prerequisite for NPH. @entity0 with high-inflow NPH show alterations in superficial venous compliance and a reduction in the blood flow returning via the sagittal sinus. These changes together suggest that an elevation in superficial venous pressure may occur in NPH.

title: The pathophysiology of idiopathic normal pressure @entity3 : XXXX or altered venous hemodynamics?

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Many theories of normal pressure @entity3 (NPH) stress the importance of @entity1 in the deep white matter. Alternate theories stress a reduction in superficial venous compliance and changes in pulse-wave propagation. An overlap in the cerebral blood flow volumes measured between NPH and controls suggests that @entity1 may not be a prerequisite for this condition. This study sought to compare blood flow and compliance measures in a cohort of @entity0 with NPH selected for having arterial inflows above the normal range to see if deep @entity5 or superficial hemodynamic changes contribute to the pathophysiology of NPH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity0 with NPH and arterial inflows above the normal range were selected. They underwent MR imaging with flow quantification measuring the total blood inflow, sagittal/straight sinus outflow, aqueduct @entity2 volume, and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). @entity0 were compared with 12 age-matched controls. RESULTS: The deep outflow volumes were normal. The superficial venous outflow was reduced as a percentage of the inflow by 9% (P = .04). The sagittal sinus compliance as measured by the @entity4 was reduced by 50% (P = .0001), and the aqueduct @entity2 volume was elevated by 192% (P = .02). CONCLUSION: @entity1 in the deep venous territory is not a prerequisite for NPH. @entity0 with high-inflow NPH show alterations in superficial venous compliance and a reduction in the blood flow returning via the sagittal sinus. These changes together suggest that an elevation in superficial venous pressure may occur in NPH.

title: The pathophysiology of idiopathic normal pressure XXXX : @entity5 or altered venous hemodynamics?

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 is a common cause of morbidity and mortality following @entity4 . Surfactant protein-D is a member of the collectin family of proteins, which play important roles in innate host defense of the lung. In this study, the effect of exogenous recombinant @entity0 @entity6 (rhSP-D) on protection of the adult @entity1 lung from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced and lipoteichoic acid (LTA)-induced injury was assessed. METHODS: The effect of rhSP-D on LPS-induced and LTA-induced @entity3 and injury was assessed with and without exogenous pulmonary surfactant in @entity7 +/+ and @entity7 -/- @entity1 . A total of 204 @entity1 (6 @entity1 per group) were used for the present study. RESULTS: @entity7 -/- @entity1 were more susceptible to intratracheal LPS than were @entity7 +/+ @entity1 . rhSP-D decreased neutrophilic infiltrates induced by LPS and LTA in the lungs of both @entity7 +/+ and @entity7 -/- @entity1 . The addition of exogenous pulmonary surfactant to rhSP-D further decreased LPS-induced and LTA-induced @entity3 in @entity7 -/- and @entity7 +/+ @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Intratracheal rhSP-D inhibited @entity2 induced by intratracheal LPS and LTA instillation in the lung. The antiinflammatory effects of rhSP-D were enhanced by the addition of pulmonary surfactant, providing a potential therapy for the treatment of @entity3 .

title: Surfactant protein-D and surfactant inhibit endotoxin-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We propose a strategy for studying ethnopharmacology by conducting sequential @entity1 ( @entity1 ) prediction (a 'bottom-up' approach) and population pharmacokinetic (popPK) confirmation (a 'top-down' approach), or in reverse order, depending on whether the purpose is ethnic effect assessment for a new molecular entity under development or a tool for ethnic sensitivity prediction for a given pathway. The strategy is exemplified with @entity2 . METHODS: A @entity1 model was built using Simcyp(  ) to simulate the pharmacokinetics of @entity2 and to predict the ethnic sensitivity in clearance, given pharmacokinetic data in just one ethnicity. Subsequently, a popPK model was built using NONMEM(  ) to assess the effect of ethnicity on clearance, using @entity0 data from multiple ethnic groups. A comparison was made to confirm the @entity1 -based ethnic sensitivity prediction, using the results of the popPK analysis. RESULTS: @entity1 modelling predicted that the @entity2 geometric mean clearance values after 20  mg oral administration in Caucasians would be 1.32-fold and 1.27-fold higher than the values in Chinese and Japanese, respectively. The ratios of typical clearance in Caucasians to the values in Chinese and Japanese estimated by popPK analysis were 1.20 and 1.17, respectively. The popPK analysis results were similar to the @entity1 modelling results. CONCLUSION: As a general framework, we propose that @entity1 modelling should be considered to predict ethnic sensitivity of pharmacokinetics prior to any @entity0 data and/or with data in only one ethnicity. In some cases, this will be sufficient to guide initial dose selection in different ethnicities. After clinical trials in different ethnicities, popPK analysis can be used to confirm ethnic differences and to support dose justification and labelling. @entity1 modelling prediction and popPK analysis confirmation can complement each other to assess ethnic differences in pharmacokinetics at different drug development stages.

title: Combining 'Bottom-Up' and 'Top-Down' Methods to Assess Ethnic Difference in Clearance: XXXX as an Example.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine a biweekly dose of @entity5 for combination with full-dose @entity1 and concurrent @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with previously untreated @entity4 received @entity1 days 1, 8, and 15, and @entity5 days 1 and 15, repeated at 28-day intervals. @entity6 (27 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions) was administered during cycle 1. Dose escalation was guided using the time-to-event continuous reassessment method. Dose levels 1 to 4 included @entity1 1 g/m2 intravenously (IV) during 30 minutes and @entity5 40, 55, 70, or 85 mg/m2 IV during 90 minutes, respectively; for dose levels 5 and 6, @entity5 dose remained 85 mg/m2 but infusion time for @entity1 1 g/m2 was increased to 65 or 100 minutes, respectively. The trial objective was to determine the dose level associated with dose-limiting @entity2 (DLT) through cycle 2 in < or = 20% of @entity0 . RESULTS: Forty-four @entity0 were enrolled (median age, 64 years; 27 @entity0 , 17 @entity0 ) with resectable (n = 12), unresectable (n = 29), and metastatic (n = 3) @entity4 . Ten DLTs occurred in nine @entity0 , including grade 4 platelets (n = 4), decline in performance status (n = 2), @entity3 (n = 2), and @entity2 (n = 2). The estimated probability of DLT for dose level 3 was .21 (90% posterior probability interval [PI], .12 to .33); for dose level 4, the estimated probability was .24 (90% PI, .14 to .36). CONCLUSION: The addition of @entity5 85 mg/m2 days 1 and 15 to full-dose @entity1 and @entity6 was well tolerated. On the basis of these results, a multi-institutional neoadjuvant phase II study in resectable @entity4 is planned.

title: Phase I study of @entity5 , full-dose @entity1 , and concurrent @entity6 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine a biweekly dose of @entity5 for combination with full-dose @entity1 and concurrent @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with previously untreated @entity4 received @entity1 days 1, 8, and 15, and @entity5 days 1 and 15, repeated at 28-day intervals. @entity6 (27 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions) was administered during cycle 1. Dose escalation was guided using the time-to-event continuous reassessment method. Dose levels 1 to 4 included @entity1 1 g/m2 intravenously (IV) during 30 minutes and @entity5 40, 55, 70, or 85 mg/m2 IV during 90 minutes, respectively; for dose levels 5 and 6, @entity5 dose remained 85 mg/m2 but infusion time for @entity1 1 g/m2 was increased to 65 or 100 minutes, respectively. The trial objective was to determine the dose level associated with dose-limiting @entity2 (DLT) through cycle 2 in < or = 20% of @entity0 . RESULTS: Forty-four @entity0 were enrolled (median age, 64 years; 27 @entity0 , 17 @entity0 ) with resectable (n = 12), unresectable (n = 29), and metastatic (n = 3) @entity4 . Ten DLTs occurred in nine @entity0 , including grade 4 platelets (n = 4), decline in performance status (n = 2), @entity3 (n = 2), and @entity2 (n = 2). The estimated probability of DLT for dose level 3 was .21 (90% posterior probability interval [PI], .12 to .33); for dose level 4, the estimated probability was .24 (90% PI, .14 to .36). CONCLUSION: The addition of @entity5 85 mg/m2 days 1 and 15 to full-dose @entity1 and @entity6 was well tolerated. On the basis of these results, a multi-institutional neoadjuvant phase II study in resectable @entity4 is planned.

title: Phase I study of XXXX , full-dose @entity1 , and concurrent @entity6 in @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine a biweekly dose of @entity5 for combination with full-dose @entity1 and concurrent @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with previously untreated @entity4 received @entity1 days 1, 8, and 15, and @entity5 days 1 and 15, repeated at 28-day intervals. @entity6 (27 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions) was administered during cycle 1. Dose escalation was guided using the time-to-event continuous reassessment method. Dose levels 1 to 4 included @entity1 1 g/m2 intravenously (IV) during 30 minutes and @entity5 40, 55, 70, or 85 mg/m2 IV during 90 minutes, respectively; for dose levels 5 and 6, @entity5 dose remained 85 mg/m2 but infusion time for @entity1 1 g/m2 was increased to 65 or 100 minutes, respectively. The trial objective was to determine the dose level associated with dose-limiting @entity2 (DLT) through cycle 2 in < or = 20% of @entity0 . RESULTS: Forty-four @entity0 were enrolled (median age, 64 years; 27 @entity0 , 17 @entity0 ) with resectable (n = 12), unresectable (n = 29), and metastatic (n = 3) @entity4 . Ten DLTs occurred in nine @entity0 , including grade 4 platelets (n = 4), decline in performance status (n = 2), @entity3 (n = 2), and @entity2 (n = 2). The estimated probability of DLT for dose level 3 was .21 (90% posterior probability interval [PI], .12 to .33); for dose level 4, the estimated probability was .24 (90% PI, .14 to .36). CONCLUSION: The addition of @entity5 85 mg/m2 days 1 and 15 to full-dose @entity1 and @entity6 was well tolerated. On the basis of these results, a multi-institutional neoadjuvant phase II study in resectable @entity4 is planned.

title: Phase I study of @entity5 , full-dose @entity1 , and concurrent XXXX in @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine a biweekly dose of @entity5 for combination with full-dose @entity1 and concurrent @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with previously untreated @entity4 received @entity1 days 1, 8, and 15, and @entity5 days 1 and 15, repeated at 28-day intervals. @entity6 (27 Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions) was administered during cycle 1. Dose escalation was guided using the time-to-event continuous reassessment method. Dose levels 1 to 4 included @entity1 1 g/m2 intravenously (IV) during 30 minutes and @entity5 40, 55, 70, or 85 mg/m2 IV during 90 minutes, respectively; for dose levels 5 and 6, @entity5 dose remained 85 mg/m2 but infusion time for @entity1 1 g/m2 was increased to 65 or 100 minutes, respectively. The trial objective was to determine the dose level associated with dose-limiting @entity2 (DLT) through cycle 2 in < or = 20% of @entity0 . RESULTS: Forty-four @entity0 were enrolled (median age, 64 years; 27 @entity0 , 17 @entity0 ) with resectable (n = 12), unresectable (n = 29), and metastatic (n = 3) @entity4 . Ten DLTs occurred in nine @entity0 , including grade 4 platelets (n = 4), decline in performance status (n = 2), @entity3 (n = 2), and @entity2 (n = 2). The estimated probability of DLT for dose level 3 was .21 (90% posterior probability interval [PI], .12 to .33); for dose level 4, the estimated probability was .24 (90% PI, .14 to .36). CONCLUSION: The addition of @entity5 85 mg/m2 days 1 and 15 to full-dose @entity1 and @entity6 was well tolerated. On the basis of these results, a multi-institutional neoadjuvant phase II study in resectable @entity4 is planned.

title: Phase I study of @entity5 , full-dose XXXX , and concurrent @entity6 in @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: The clinical effectiveness of @entity3 -eluting stents (SES) for treatment of @entity0 with saphenous vein graft disease is not well defined. This analysis sought to evaluate the clinical follow-up after treatment of stenotic saphenous vein grafts using SES in a large @entity0 registry. @entity0 treated with SES for saphenous vein graft disease were compared with @entity0 receiving SES in native @entity1 . METHOD: This is a subanalysis from the prospective multicenter German Cypher Stent Registry. Only @entity0 with completed 6 months clinical follow-up were included. The analysis comprises 344 @entity0 with 353 lesions in saphenous vein grafts treated with 400 SES (Cypher, Cordis Inc., Cordis Corp., Warren, New Jersey, USA) and 6411 @entity0 with 7607 native coronary artery lesions treated with 8725 SES. RESULTS: Mean SES length per lesion was 22.6+/-11.7 mm and mean stent diameter 3.0+/-0.3 mm in saphenous vein graft lesions. Target vessel revascularization rate was 18.1% and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) rate was 23.8% at 6-month follow-up after SES implantation for saphenous vein graft lesions. Even after adjustment for different baseline characteristics, @entity2 and MACE rate were significantly higher after SES implantation for saphenous vein graft lesions than for native @entity4 [odds ratio: 2.10 (95% confidence interval: 1.40-3.13), P<0.001] and [odds ratio: 2.15 (95% confidence interval: 1.49-3.09), P<0.001], respectively. CONCLUSION: Treatment of saphenous vein graft disease is associated with high target vessel revascularization and MACE rates also with the use of SES if applied to unselected @entity0 . Target vessel revascularization and MACE rates remain significantly higher after SES for saphenous vein graft lesions than after SES in native @entity1 .

title: Implantation of XXXX -eluting stents in saphenous vein grafts is associated with high clinical follow-up event rates compared with treatment of native vessels.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: High prevalence of @entity3 factors has been observed in Spain along with low incidence of @entity6 . Our objective was to determine the trends of @entity3 factor prevalence between 1995 and 2005 in the 35-74-year-old population of Gerona, Spain. DESIGN: Comparison of cross-sectional studies were conducted in random population samples in 1995, 2000, and 2005 at Gerona, Spain. METHODS: An electrocardiogram was obtained, along with standardized measurements of body mass index, lipid profile, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycaemia, energy expenditure in physical activity, smoking, use of lipid-lowering and antihypertensive medications, and @entity3 . Prevalence of @entity1 , @entity4 , and @entity2 was calculated and standardized for age. RESULTS: A total of 7571 individuals (52.0% @entity0 ) were included (response rate 72%). Low-density lipoprotein @entity5 >3.4 mmol/l (130 mg/dl) (49.7%) and @entity4 (39.1%) were the most prevalent @entity3 factors. In 1995, 2000 and 2005, low-density lipoprotein @entity5 decreased in both @entity0 and @entity0 : 4.05-3.91-3.55 mmol/l (156-151-137 mg/dl) and 3.84-3.81-3.40 mmol/l (148-147-131 mg/dl), respectively. Increases were observed in lipid-lowering drug use (5.7-6.3-9.6% in @entity0 and 4.0-5.8-8.0% in @entity0 ), controlled @entity4 (14.8-35.4-37.7% in @entity0 and 21.3-36.9-45.0% in @entity0 ); (all P-trends <0.01), and @entity2 (greatest for @entity0 : 17.5-26.0-22.7%, P-trends=0.020). Prevalence of @entity6 or possibly abnormal Q waves in electrocardiogram also increased significantly (3.9-4.7-6.4%, P-trends=0.018). CONCLUSIONS: The @entity3 factor prevalence change in Gerona was marked in this decade by a shift of total @entity5 and low-density lipoprotein @entity5 distributions to the left, independent of the increase in lipid-lowering drug use, and better @entity4 control with increased use of antihypertensive drugs.

title: Trends in XXXX factor prevalence (1995-2000-2005) in northeastern Spain.

answer: @entity3


abstract: SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: Many @entity1 with @entity0 report late with @entity4 . It is not known if recent breast awareness education programmes have led to a change in this trend at the Korle Bu Teaching hospital (KBTH). METHOD: A prospective study of the characteristics of @entity0 @entity1 seen by a surgical unit at KBTH over a three year period. RESULTS: There were 158 @entity1 , 156 females and 2 males. The age group most commonly affected was 40-49. The upper outer quadrant of the breast was affected in 67/158 (42.4%) and all quadrants affected in 29/158 (18.4%). Ninety one (57.6%) had Stage III - IV disease and the average duration of symptoms was 10 months. Average @entity2 size was 6cm x 7cm. Diagnosis was by triple assessment with Fine needle aspiration cytology the most frequently used pathological investigation. @entity3 was the commonest pathological type (115/134). Eighty three (52.5%) had mastectomy and 12 (7.6%) had wide local excision. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was given to 77/123 (62.6%), 5 of whom had complete pathological response. Fifty five (34.8%) were lost to follow up: 20 before treatment commenced, 15 during or after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and 14 after treatment. Eleven developed lymphoedema. There were 42 metastatic events affecting 35 @entity1 during follow-up, including pleura (11), brain (10) and lungs (9). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 continues to affect a young population and @entity1 still present late with @entity4 . Education needs to be intensified, but research into the reasons for late presentation will help address the reasons/misconceptions responsible for this state of affairs.

title: A study of XXXX in korle bu teaching hospital: assessing the impact of health education.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Simultaneous inhibition of @entity7 and @entity8 via the common receptor chain @entity9 to block adequately their biologic effects presents a promising therapeutic approach to give the additional relief required for @entity3 @entity0 . In this study, superparamagnetic @entity6 nanoparticles were conjugated with anti- @entity9 blocking antibodies via @entity4 ( @entity5 ) polymers. The delivery of these blocking antibodies to the inflammatory sites in the lung via the developed nanocarriers was assessed using noninvasive free-breathing pulmonary MRI. Biocompatibility assays confirmed the safety of the developed nanocarriers for pre-clinical investigations. For all the investigated formulations, nanocarriers were found to be very stable at neutral pH. However, the stability noticeably decreased with the @entity5 length in acidic environment and thus the loaded antibodies were preferentially released. Immunofluorescence and fluorimetry assays confirmed the binding of the nanocarriers to the @entity9 @entity3 biomarker. Pulmonary MRI performed using an ultra-short echo time sequence allowed simultaneous noninvasive monitoring of inflammatory responses induced by @entity10 challenge and tracking of the developed nanocarriers, which were found to colocalize with the inflammatory sites in the lung. Targeting of the developed nanocarriers to areas rich in @entity9 positive inflammatory cells was confirmed using histological and flow cytometry analyses. The anti- @entity9 -conjugated nanocarriers developed here have been confirmed to be efficient in targeting key inflammatory cells during chronic @entity2 following intrapulmonary administration. Targeting efficiency was monitored using noninvasive MRI, allowing detection of the nanocarriers' colocalizations with the inflammatory sites in the lung of @entity10 -challenged asthmatic @entity1 . Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Specific targeting and noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging of an @entity3 biomarker in the lung using XXXX functionalized magnetic nanocarriers.

answer: @entity4