abstract: BACKGROUND: It has previously been shown that various inflammatory diseases, such as @entity1 , @entity4 , chronic @entity2 , and @entity3 , are in some circumstances genetically linked to the same chromosomal regions. Consequently, common genes underlying the pathogenetics of these diseases have been proposed. Chronic inflammatory disorders can be subdivided by their predominant immune response, either @entity5 or TH2. For example, @entity7 ( @entity7 ) is a @entity5 disease, and @entity4 is a TH2 disease. OBJECTIVES: The present study investigated the polymorphism @entity9 within the @entity6 gene, a strong TH2 cytokine. We attempted to determine whether it is associated with these 2 diseases and whether this would reflect the @entity5 /TH2 paradigm. METHODS: @entity9 was typed in 4 different populations: asthmatic @entity0 , atopic @entity0 , @entity0 with @entity7 , and a control population. Statistical analysis was performed by using logistic and linear regression analysis of serum IgE levels and the Armitage trend test. RESULTS: The variant @entity8 110 was shown to be associated with increased total serum IgE levels in our atopic population (P =.006) and was weakly associated with @entity4 (P =.04). There was no association of the variant with @entity7 when compared with the control population. However, the variant Gln110 was significantly less frequent in @entity0 with @entity7 compared with its presence in @entity0 with @entity4 (P =.007). CONCLUSION: This is the first study to compare the same gene variant in @entity5 and TH2 chronic inflammatory diseases. The results suggest that the same gene variant might protect from one disease and make an individual susceptible to the other.

title: Association study of the @entity6 variant XXXX in atopic diseases and @entity7 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: In the present study, the records of 242 @entity0 , aged 1-14 years, admitted with perforating @entity1 were reviewed retrospectively over a 5-year period. There were 175 @entity0 and 67 @entity0 in the study group. The @entity0 were divided into 3 groups according to their ages. Perforating injuries occurred most frequently in the street in all groups. The second most common place of the injury was at home in the 1-9 year-olds and in the fields in the 10-14 year-olds. The cause of the perforation was a metallic substance in 32.6%, wood in 15.3%, stone in 12.0%, glass in 12.3%, pellets in 12%, and injection needles in 8.3%. Most of the perforations occurred during unsupervised play, while all perforations with glass occurred during traffic accidents. Surgery was performed in 234 @entity0 , while 8 @entity0 in whom spontaneous closure had already occurred during admission received only medical treatment. In 28.9% the visual acuity was undetermined, in 25.7% the visual acuity was 0.1 or more, in 22.7% the visual acuity was between 0.06 and light perception, and in 22.7% there was no light perception on final evaluation. It is emphasized that educative and legislative measures such as informing the parents, teachers and @entity0 about the causative factors and potential hazards of perforating @entity1 and restricting the availability of dangerous items to @entity0 , should be taken into consideration in order to prevent perforating @entity1 in @entity0 .

title: Etiology of pediatric perforating XXXX in southern Turkey.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 is implicated in @entity0 @entity1 and @entity2 . Mechanisms generating chromosomal rearrangements may be shared by a variety of organisms. Spontaneous chromosomal rearrangements, especially large deletions, take place at high frequency in isolates that escape from heterokaryon incompatibility in @entity3 . In this study, chromosomal rearrangements were detected in strains that had escaped from het-c heterokaryon incompatibility in @entity3 . A vc1 mutant carried a 20-kbp deletion covering five ORFs. A vc2 mutant carried a complex chromosome rearrangement with an 8-kbp deletion covering three ORFs, a 34-bp deletion and an 80-kbp inversion. The break-points of chromosome rearrangements in the vc1 and vc2 mutants all have direct repeats of 2 bp, similar to the break-points of some chromosome rearrangements associated with @entity0 @entity1 and @entity2 . An ahc mutant carried a 31-kbp deletion covering at least 11 ORFs and a het-c deletion mutant carried a 7-kbp deletion covering two ORFs. Additional chromosomal rearrangements occurred in these two strains. These results indicate that escape from heterokaryon incompatibility can be used as a model system for chromosome rearrangement and DNA-repair studies. The impact of the chromosomal rearrangements is discussed, especially the deletion of the predicted ORFs on the phenotype of mutants.

title: Chromosome rearrangements in isolates that escape from het-c heterokaryon incompatibility in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The factors accounting for the maintenance of a low pulmonary vascular resistance postnatally are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that bronchial epithelium produces a factor capable of relaxing adjacent pulmonary arterial smooth muscle. We studied fourth-generation intralobar pulmonary arteries and bronchi of 4- to 8-day-old @entity0 . Arteries were mounted on a wire myograph, alone or with the adjacent bronchus. The presence of the attached bronchus significantly reduced pulmonary artery force generation induced by the @entity2 analog ( @entity3 ) or @entity4 whether the endothelium was present or absent (P < 0.01). The converse was not true in that bronchial force generation was not affected when studied with the adjacent pulmonary artery. Mechanical removal of the bronchial epithelium or addition of the @entity1 (NO) synthase (NOS) nonspecific @entity6 or the specific neuronal NOS ( @entity7 ) inhibitors increased arterial force generation to levels comparable to the isolated artery preparation. Wortmannin, a @entity5 3-kinase inhibitor, significantly decreased (P < 0.01) NO release of pulmonary arteries only when the adjacent bronchus was present. We conclude that bronchial epithelium in the newborn @entity0 produces a factor capable of lowering pulmonary vascular muscle tone. This relaxant effect can be suppressed by NOS and @entity5 3-kinase kinase inhibition, suggesting an action via NOS phosphorylation and NO release. We speculate that such a mechanism may be operative in vivo and plays an important role in control of pulmonary vascular resistance in the early postnatal period.

title: A bronchial epithelium-derived factor reduces pulmonary vascular tone in the newborn XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A novel, extremely thermophilic bacterium, designated strain 17S(T), was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney at the Suiyo Seamount in the Izu-Bonin Arc, Japan. The cells were rods with no apparent motility, most of which were narrow in the middle in the exponential-growth phase and had @entity4 at both ends. Growth was observed between 45 and 80 degrees C (optimum temperature, 70-75 degrees C; doubling time, 80 min) and between pH 5.0 and 7.0 (optimum pH, 5.4). The isolate was a strictly anaerobic chemolithoautotroph that was capable of using molecular @entity3 as its sole energy source and @entity1 as its sole @entity0 source. Elemental @entity2 (S(0)) was required for growth as an electron acceptor. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 34.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences indicated that the isolate was related to Thermovibrio ruber ED11/3LLK(T) and @entity6 (T), whilst it appeared to be a novel lineage prior to the divergence of these genera. This isolate could also be differentiated from both @entity5 ED11/3LLK(T) and @entity6 (T) on the basis of physiological properties. The name Balnearium lithotrophicum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed for this isolate (type strain, 17S(T)=JCM 11970(T)=ATCC BAA-736(T)).

title: Balnearium lithotrophicum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel thermophilic, strictly anaerobic, XXXX -oxidizing chemolithoautotroph isolated from a black smoker chimney in the Suiyo Seamount hydrothermal system.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We investigated, in @entity2 , the influence of life experience on the vulnerability to @entity9 ( @entity9 ), a major neurotoxin that induces a @entity4 in @entity0 , and to @entity7 , a potent psychostimulant that promotes @entity5 . Our findings show that adult C57BL/6 @entity2 raised in an enriched environment (EE) for only 2 months are significantly more resistant to both drugs compared with @entity2 raised in a standard environment (SE). Indeed, EE @entity2 showed @entity8 in response to @entity7 (10 and 20 mg/kg) as well as a different pattern of @entity11 expression in the striatum compared with SE @entity2 . After @entity9 treatment, SE @entity2 showed a 75% loss of @entity6 neurons, whereas EE @entity2 showed only a 40% loss. The @entity6 transporter plays a key role in mediating the effects of both drugs. We thus investigated the regulation of its expression. EE @entity2 showed less @entity6 transporter binding in the striatum and less @entity6 transporter mRNA per @entity6 neuron at the cellular level as demonstrated by in situ hybridization. In addition, enriched environment promoted an increase in the expression of @entity10 in the striatum. These data provide a direct demonstration of the beneficial consequences that a positive environment has in preventing @entity3 and in decreasing responsiveness to @entity7 . Furthermore, they suggest that the probability of developing @entity1 such as @entity4 or vulnerability to psychostimulants may be related to life experience.

title: Enriched environment confers resistance to @entity9 and XXXX : involvement of @entity6 transporter and trophic factors.

answer: @entity7


abstract: We investigated, in @entity2 , the influence of life experience on the vulnerability to @entity9 ( @entity9 ), a major neurotoxin that induces a @entity4 in @entity0 , and to @entity7 , a potent psychostimulant that promotes @entity5 . Our findings show that adult C57BL/6 @entity2 raised in an enriched environment (EE) for only 2 months are significantly more resistant to both drugs compared with @entity2 raised in a standard environment (SE). Indeed, EE @entity2 showed @entity8 in response to @entity7 (10 and 20 mg/kg) as well as a different pattern of @entity11 expression in the striatum compared with SE @entity2 . After @entity9 treatment, SE @entity2 showed a 75% loss of @entity6 neurons, whereas EE @entity2 showed only a 40% loss. The @entity6 transporter plays a key role in mediating the effects of both drugs. We thus investigated the regulation of its expression. EE @entity2 showed less @entity6 transporter binding in the striatum and less @entity6 transporter mRNA per @entity6 neuron at the cellular level as demonstrated by in situ hybridization. In addition, enriched environment promoted an increase in the expression of @entity10 in the striatum. These data provide a direct demonstration of the beneficial consequences that a positive environment has in preventing @entity3 and in decreasing responsiveness to @entity7 . Furthermore, they suggest that the probability of developing @entity1 such as @entity4 or vulnerability to psychostimulants may be related to life experience.

title: Enriched environment confers resistance to XXXX and @entity7 : involvement of @entity6 transporter and trophic factors.

answer: @entity9


abstract: We investigated, in @entity2 , the influence of life experience on the vulnerability to @entity9 ( @entity9 ), a major neurotoxin that induces a @entity4 in @entity0 , and to @entity7 , a potent psychostimulant that promotes @entity5 . Our findings show that adult C57BL/6 @entity2 raised in an enriched environment (EE) for only 2 months are significantly more resistant to both drugs compared with @entity2 raised in a standard environment (SE). Indeed, EE @entity2 showed @entity8 in response to @entity7 (10 and 20 mg/kg) as well as a different pattern of @entity11 expression in the striatum compared with SE @entity2 . After @entity9 treatment, SE @entity2 showed a 75% loss of @entity6 neurons, whereas EE @entity2 showed only a 40% loss. The @entity6 transporter plays a key role in mediating the effects of both drugs. We thus investigated the regulation of its expression. EE @entity2 showed less @entity6 transporter binding in the striatum and less @entity6 transporter mRNA per @entity6 neuron at the cellular level as demonstrated by in situ hybridization. In addition, enriched environment promoted an increase in the expression of @entity10 in the striatum. These data provide a direct demonstration of the beneficial consequences that a positive environment has in preventing @entity3 and in decreasing responsiveness to @entity7 . Furthermore, they suggest that the probability of developing @entity1 such as @entity4 or vulnerability to psychostimulants may be related to life experience.

title: Enriched environment confers resistance to @entity9 and @entity7 : involvement of XXXX transporter and trophic factors.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Dendritic cells (DC) comprise phenotypically-distinct subsets that sub-serve distinct functions in immune induction. Understanding the biology of DC subsets in vivo is crucial for the understanding of immune regulation and its perturbations in disease. This review focuses on the phenotype and functions of @entity1 DC subsets and compares these with subsets identified in other species. Our research has concentrated on DC migrating in lymph. DC migrate constitutively from peripheral tissues to draining nodes, probably to induce/maintain tolerance to self- or harmless foreign antigens. After removal of mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) in the @entity1 , healing of afferent and efferent lymphatics permits migrating intestinal DC (iLDC) to be collected from the thoracic duct. We have shown that iLDC consist of least two subsets that differ in phenotype, in situ distribution and function. @entity4 +/SIRPalpha+ iLDC are highly immunostimulatory, but are excluded from T cell areas of MLN. In contrast, @entity4 -/SIRPalpha- iLDC are less potent stimulators of T cells, but carry material from apoptotic enterocytes to T cell areas of MLN. Similar subsets exist in both lymph nodes and spleen. It has been shown that phenotypically-similar subsets migrate in skin-draining lymph in @entity2 and @entity3 . We and others have shown that splenic @entity4 -/SIRPalpha- DC can phagocytose allogeneic cells in vitro, are poor stimulators of CD8+ T cells, and can lyse NK-sensitive target cells. Although some of our data suggest that @entity1 @entity4 -/SIRPalpha- DC may equate to @entity0 CD8+ DC, there is at present insufficient evidence to be confident of this.

title: Phenotype and function of XXXX dendritic cell subsets.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: @entity1 accelerates @entity2 caused by @entity3 . Accordingly, @entity1 accelerates @entity3 progression and increases arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation. We hypothesized that @entity1 can exert growth-promoting effects on smooth muscle cells via increased advanced glycation end-products or by dyslipidaemia. METHODS: Primary @entity0 arterial smooth muscle cells were stimulated with advanced glycation end-products, other ligands of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products or @entity5 common in @entity4 . Cell proliferation was measured as DNA synthesis, cell cycle distribution and cell number. Effects of oleate on cellular phospholipids, @entity6 , @entity4 and @entity9 were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography, and @entity7 accumulation into @entity6 was confirmed by gas chromatography. RESULTS: @entity0 arterial smooth muscle cells express the receptor for advanced glycation end-products, but its ligands @entity11 -modified proteins, @entity12 -modified proteins, @entity8 polypeptide and amyloid-beta (1-40) peptide, exert no mitogenic action. Instead, oleate, one of the most common @entity5 in @entity4 , enhances platelet-derived growth factor-BB-mediated proliferation and oleate-containing @entity10 formation in smooth muscle cells. This mitogenic effect of oleate depends on phospholipase D activity and is associated with an increased formation of oleate-enriched @entity10 . CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: Oleate, not ligands of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products, acts as an enhancer of @entity0 smooth muscle cell proliferation. Thus, @entity13 , rather than hyperglycaemia, could be a major factor promoting proliferation of smooth muscle cells in @entity3 .

title: Oleate, not ligands of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products, promotes proliferation of XXXX arterial smooth muscle cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the potential of general practice, @entity1 units, walk in centres and NHS Direct to reduce non-urgent demands on accident and @entity2 (A_E) departments taking into account the @entity0 's reasons for attending A_E. METHODS: A questionnaire survey and notes review of 267 adults presenting to the A_E department of a large teaching hospital in Sheffield, England, triaged to the two lowest priority treatment streams, was conducted over seven weeks. Using defined criteria, @entity0 were classified by the suitability of the presenting health problem to be managed by alternative immediate care services or only by A_E, and also by the likelihood, in similar circumstances, of @entity0 presenting to other services given their reasons for seeking A_E care. RESULTS: Full data were obtained for 96% of @entity0 (255 of 267). Using objective criteria, it is estimated that 55% (95% CI 50%, 62%) of the health problems presented by a non-urgent population attending A_E are suitable for treatment in either general practice, or a @entity1 unit, or a walk in centre or by self care after advice from NHS Direct. However, in almost one quarter (24%) of low priority @entity0 who self referred, A_E was not the first contact with the health services for the presenting health problem. The reason for attending A_E cited most frequently by the @entity0 was a belief that radiography was necessary. The reason given least often was seeking advice from a nurse practitioner. Taking into account the objective suitability of the health problem to be treated elsewhere, and the reasons for attending A_E given by the @entity0 , it is estimated that, with similar health problems, as few as 7% (95% CI 3%, 10%) of the non-urgent A_E population may be expected to present to providers other than A_E in the future. CONCLUSIONS: The increasing availability of alternative services offering first contact care for non-urgent health problems, is likely to have little impact on the demand for A_E services.

title: Will alternative immediate care services reduce demands for non-urgent treatment at accident and XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metastatic soft tissue @entity2 not amenable to curative surgery has a dismal prognosis. Aggressive treatment with @entity5 and @entity4 represents the current therapeutic mainstay in these @entity0 , most of whom succumb to relapses. Thus, the efficacy of subsequent therapeutic approaches has to be weighed against @entity1 caused by palliative treatment. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue @entity2 refractory to treatment with @entity5 and @entity4 were enrolled into the present phase II study. @entity0 were assigned to receive @entity3 at 100 mg/m2 every three weeks. In case of severe @entity1 , @entity0 were switched to a weekly schedule of @entity3 (40 mg/m2). RESULTS: A total of 106 cycles (80% at the scheduled 100 mg/m2 dose level) were administered in 27 @entity0 . Partial response was observed in 4 (15%) @entity0 and 4 (15%) @entity0 experienced disease stabilization. Median progression free survival and overall survival were 2.4 (range: 0.9-23.9) and 7.7 (range: 1.0-44.3) months, respectively. Upon renewed progression, three @entity0 initially responsive to treatment with @entity3 were successfully reinduced by treatment with @entity3 . The safety profile of @entity3 was tolerable and the administration mostly manageable on an outpatient basis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity3 represents an efficacious and tolerable treatment in a minority of @entity0 refractory to standard treatment. There is a need for better identification of @entity0 most likely to benefit from salvage treatment with @entity3 .

title: XXXX as rescue medication in anthracycline- and @entity4 -resistant locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue @entity2 : results of a phase II trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metastatic soft tissue @entity2 not amenable to curative surgery has a dismal prognosis. Aggressive treatment with @entity5 and @entity4 represents the current therapeutic mainstay in these @entity0 , most of whom succumb to relapses. Thus, the efficacy of subsequent therapeutic approaches has to be weighed against @entity1 caused by palliative treatment. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue @entity2 refractory to treatment with @entity5 and @entity4 were enrolled into the present phase II study. @entity0 were assigned to receive @entity3 at 100 mg/m2 every three weeks. In case of severe @entity1 , @entity0 were switched to a weekly schedule of @entity3 (40 mg/m2). RESULTS: A total of 106 cycles (80% at the scheduled 100 mg/m2 dose level) were administered in 27 @entity0 . Partial response was observed in 4 (15%) @entity0 and 4 (15%) @entity0 experienced disease stabilization. Median progression free survival and overall survival were 2.4 (range: 0.9-23.9) and 7.7 (range: 1.0-44.3) months, respectively. Upon renewed progression, three @entity0 initially responsive to treatment with @entity3 were successfully reinduced by treatment with @entity3 . The safety profile of @entity3 was tolerable and the administration mostly manageable on an outpatient basis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity3 represents an efficacious and tolerable treatment in a minority of @entity0 refractory to standard treatment. There is a need for better identification of @entity0 most likely to benefit from salvage treatment with @entity3 .

title: @entity3 as rescue medication in anthracycline- and XXXX -resistant locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue @entity2 : results of a phase II trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Metastatic soft tissue @entity2 not amenable to curative surgery has a dismal prognosis. Aggressive treatment with @entity5 and @entity4 represents the current therapeutic mainstay in these @entity0 , most of whom succumb to relapses. Thus, the efficacy of subsequent therapeutic approaches has to be weighed against @entity1 caused by palliative treatment. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue @entity2 refractory to treatment with @entity5 and @entity4 were enrolled into the present phase II study. @entity0 were assigned to receive @entity3 at 100 mg/m2 every three weeks. In case of severe @entity1 , @entity0 were switched to a weekly schedule of @entity3 (40 mg/m2). RESULTS: A total of 106 cycles (80% at the scheduled 100 mg/m2 dose level) were administered in 27 @entity0 . Partial response was observed in 4 (15%) @entity0 and 4 (15%) @entity0 experienced disease stabilization. Median progression free survival and overall survival were 2.4 (range: 0.9-23.9) and 7.7 (range: 1.0-44.3) months, respectively. Upon renewed progression, three @entity0 initially responsive to treatment with @entity3 were successfully reinduced by treatment with @entity3 . The safety profile of @entity3 was tolerable and the administration mostly manageable on an outpatient basis. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity3 represents an efficacious and tolerable treatment in a minority of @entity0 refractory to standard treatment. There is a need for better identification of @entity0 most likely to benefit from salvage treatment with @entity3 .

title: @entity3 as rescue medication in anthracycline- and @entity4 -resistant locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue XXXX : results of a phase II trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Endovascular stent-graft treatment for true @entity5 of the descending thoracic aorta is a valid and effective alternative to conventional surgery. A review of our experience with 21 consecutive @entity0 is reported and technical considerations are discussed. METHODS: Twenty-one @entity0 (mean age 73 years) with true @entity5 of the descending thoracic aorta (n = 14) or contained @entity4 (n = 7) were treated between October 1999 and July 2001. Seven @entity0 (33%) underwent emergency endovascular procedure. Postoperatively, the @entity0 were followed with CT scans at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Follow-up, which averaged 17 months, was 100% complete. THIRTY-DAY RESULTS: No conversions to open repair were necessary. Two @entity0 died (10%), one of acute intestinal @entity1 and the other because of @entity3 . Four @entity0 showed @entity8 immediately after stenting. Two @entity0 required new endovascular stentgrafts, while the remaining two were treated conservatively. Besides @entity8 , eight major complications occurred in six @entity0 (two @entity2 , two @entity6 , two @entity9 , and one @entity3 ). MID-TERM RESULTS: Three more @entity0 died during the follow-up period. One @entity0 died of @entity7 after a complicated postoperative course, 91 days after stenting. The second @entity0 died because of @entity10 , 139 days after stenting. The third @entity0 died of @entity7 , 15 months after the endovascular procedure. The remaining 16 @entity0 are alive and have been regularly controlled by CT scans. No late migration or @entity8 have been detected. In all the survivors, the size of the @entity5 was unchanged or diminished. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of descending thoracic aortic @entity5 by endovascular stentgraft devices has good early and mid-term results. More accurate selection of @entity0 may further reduce mortality and morbidity.

title: Treatment of descending thoracic XXXX by endovascular stent grafting.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: As little has been published on the course of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 cannot receive comprehensive prognostic advice. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prognosis and photobiological characteristics of idiopathic @entity2 . DESIGN: Historical cohort study, with inception cohort followed up from time of diagnosis. Follow-up for a median of 4 years (range, 3 months to 26 years) after diagnosis. SETTING: Tertiary referral center for the investigation of photodermatoses in Scotland. @entity0 : The study included 87 @entity0 , 61 (70%) of whom were female, with phototest-confirmed idiopathic @entity2 between 1975 and 2000. Sixty @entity0 (69%) were followed up clinically, and 25 @entity0 (29%) were phototested on 2 or more occasions. INTERVENTIONS: Investigations at time of diagnosis included monochromator phototesting. Further monochromator phototesting was performed in those @entity0 in whom it was clinically indicated (select subgroup), and all @entity0 who could be traced received a follow-up questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Characteristics of @entity2 , responsible wave bands, and prognosis for clinical resolution. RESULTS: The prevalence of idiopathic @entity2 in Tayside, Scotland, is estimated to be 3.1 per 100 000. Action spectra were typically broad, with 63% reacting to more than 1 wave band, and the most common provoking wavelengths were the longer UV-A and the shorter visible ones. The majority of subjects were affected perennially (68%), by radiation transmitted through glass (83%) and thin clothing (76%). Coexistent polymorphic @entity4 occurred in 20 @entity0 (23%), and another photodermatosis occurred in 6 @entity0 , 3 of whom had chronic @entity3 . In those with @entity2 alone, the mean age at onset was 41 years. The probability of clinical resolution at 5 and 10 years after diagnosis was 0.12 (95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.24) and 0.26 (95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.43), respectively. CONCLUSION: Idiopathic @entity2 is a @entity1 . The majority of this cohort was still affected after 5 and 10 years.

title: Characteristics and prognosis of XXXX : a cohort of 87 cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Repair of @entity1 is generally preferred over meniscectomy. HYPOTHESIS: Repair of unstable bucket-handle tears of the medial meniscus leads to better outcomes than partial meniscectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of prospectively collected data. METHODS: We reviewed the records of 155 @entity0 who had isolated bucket-handle medial @entity1 and @entity2 . Fifty-six menisci were repaired; 99 that were degenerative and crushed beyond repair were removed. @entity0 were evaluated at a mean follow-up of 6 to 8 years after surgery with the International Knee Documentation Committee examination and a modified Noyes questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean subjective scores were similar for @entity0 in both the repair (N = 51) and meniscectomy (N = 87) groups. However, in the repair group, the mean subjective score of 93.9 for nondegenerative menisci was significantly better than the 87.1 for degenerative menisci. Objective grades for 25 @entity0 in the repair group were normal or nearly normal in 22 @entity0 (88%) and for 51 of 56 @entity0 (91%) in the removal group. Radiographic subscores for the repair group were normal or nearly normal in 23 @entity0 in the repair group and 49 in the removal group. CONCLUSION: Outcomes from meniscal repair were not superior to those from partial removal. @entity0 with repaired degenerative tears had significantly lower subjective scores than those with nondegenerative tears.

title: Meniscal repair compared with meniscectomy for bucket-handle medial XXXX in anterior cruciate ligament-reconstructed knees.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In view of the fact that Swedish nursing home care represents an integrated form of residential housing and health care and it is not possible to classify @entity0 as either "health-care-associated" or "community-acquired". Thus it is not appropriate to use the same surveillance systems as those used in hospitals. The presence of known risk factors for infection--either related to medical devices or due to underlying illness--could however be monitored. Antibiotic treatment favours selection of resistant bacterial strains and should thus be used with prudence. At December 8th, 2000, we investigated the presence of 20 risk factors and antibiotic treatment among 2,817 residents in nursing homes in Uppsala county. Seventeen out of 20 risk factors were all present in less than 1 per cent of the residents. Pressure @entity2 or leg/foot- @entity2 occurred among 3.2% each, and 7.6 per cent of the residents had an indwelling urinary catheter. About 6% of the residents were treated with at least one antibiotic. @entity1 was the main reason for treatment. The investigation shows that training of nursing home staff by the infection control team should focus on hand hygiene and routines for wound care and urinary catheter care in order to minimize the risk for @entity0 among residents.

title: [Important to reduce the risk of XXXX in residential facilities].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this article is to summarize and critique reports from selected large-scale population health surveys (U.S. and Canada national health surveys (e.g., National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, and Canada Fitness Survey), and active research programs in preventive pediatric cardiology (i.e., Bogalusa Heart Study, Princeton Lipids Study, and Minneapolis Blood Pressure Study)) pertaining to the secular trend in variables associated with the @entity3 of North American youth. These surveys were chosen since they have published peer-reviewed articles on the topic and consist of relatively large samples. The increased body mass index and prevalence of overweight and @entity2 are clear, particularly over the past two decades. The secular increase in overweight and @entity2 cannot be linked to available self-report data on physical activity or diet, although measurement issues need to be considered. The emergence of @entity4 in adolescents parallels the increase in @entity2 ; however, subsequent changes in blood lipids and blood pressure are less clear. There is some evidence to suggest adverse changes in the blood lipid profile. Aerobic fitness, as determined by maximal @entity1 consumption (VO(2max)), has not appeared to change in youth except perhaps for adolescent females. The results suggesting the emergence of @entity3 X during childhood and adolescence are discussed in the context of perturbation and dysregulation of the @entity5 . It can be suggested that a subsistent lifestyle consisting of increased lifestyle activity (not exercise per se), a prudent diet, adequate sleep and rest, and stress reduction be advocated to combat diseases of Western Civilization/ @entity3 that have affected North American @entity0 (and adults) in recent years. The results also highlight the importance of population surveillance of @entity2 , physical activity, and dietary intake and cardiovascular health of @entity0 into the 21st century.

title: Secular trends in variables associated with the XXXX of North American @entity0 and adolescents: a review and synthesis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this article is to summarize and critique reports from selected large-scale population health surveys (U.S. and Canada national health surveys (e.g., National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, Youth Risk Behavior Survey, and Canada Fitness Survey), and active research programs in preventive pediatric cardiology (i.e., Bogalusa Heart Study, Princeton Lipids Study, and Minneapolis Blood Pressure Study)) pertaining to the secular trend in variables associated with the @entity3 of North American youth. These surveys were chosen since they have published peer-reviewed articles on the topic and consist of relatively large samples. The increased body mass index and prevalence of overweight and @entity2 are clear, particularly over the past two decades. The secular increase in overweight and @entity2 cannot be linked to available self-report data on physical activity or diet, although measurement issues need to be considered. The emergence of @entity4 in adolescents parallels the increase in @entity2 ; however, subsequent changes in blood lipids and blood pressure are less clear. There is some evidence to suggest adverse changes in the blood lipid profile. Aerobic fitness, as determined by maximal @entity1 consumption (VO(2max)), has not appeared to change in youth except perhaps for adolescent females. The results suggesting the emergence of @entity3 X during childhood and adolescence are discussed in the context of perturbation and dysregulation of the @entity5 . It can be suggested that a subsistent lifestyle consisting of increased lifestyle activity (not exercise per se), a prudent diet, adequate sleep and rest, and stress reduction be advocated to combat diseases of Western Civilization/ @entity3 that have affected North American @entity0 (and adults) in recent years. The results also highlight the importance of population surveillance of @entity2 , physical activity, and dietary intake and cardiovascular health of @entity0 into the 21st century.

title: Secular trends in variables associated with the @entity3 of North American XXXX and adolescents: a review and synthesis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: An epidemiological study of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in Veszpr  m county (located in western part of Hungary) was carried out from 1977 to 2001. METHODS: Both hospital and outpatient records of @entity1 @entity0 were collected reviewed carefully. Most @entity0 have been followed up regularly. RESULTS: The number of population has decreased during the observed period from 386,000 to 376,000. The county has both industrial and agrarian parts. 560 new @entity3 ( @entity3 ) cases, 212 @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and 40 indeterminate colitides (IC) were diagnosed in the investigated period. Incidence rate increased from 1.66 (1977-1981) to 11.01 (1997-2001) in @entity3 , and from 0.41 to 4.68 in @entity2 , respectively. The incidence rate in IC rose from 0.26 to 0.74. The M/F ratio in @entity3 was 1.06, in @entity2 : 1.03, respectively, 41 UD @entity0 and 13 @entity2 @entity0 died, the cause of @entity4 was disease related in 6 @entity3 and in 6 @entity2 @entity0 . The average age at @entity4 in @entity3 was not different from that observed in general population (66.4 years) but in @entity2 (50.1 years) it was much earlier. The disease related mortality was low, 0.06/100,000 both in @entity3 and @entity2 . The prevalence rate at the end of 2001 was 142.6 for @entity3 and 52.9/100,000 inhabitants for @entity2 . Mean age at onset in @entity3 was 38.9 +/- 15.5 years, in @entity2 31.7 +/- 12.8 years. We observed only one peak onset of the diseases, in @entity3 it was between 30 and 40 years, in @entity2 between 20 and 30 years. @entity0 living in towns were more liable to acquire the disease (ORUC = 1.27, ORCD = 1.13). The rate of smokers at the onset was 14.3% (OR = 0.25) in @entity3 and 50.5% (OR = 1.98) in @entity2 . Ex-smokers were 18.4% and 6.4%. Family history of @entity1 was present in 3.4% in @entity3 and 9.9% in @entity2 . The location of @entity3 (according to the known largest extent) was @entity6 in 112 cases, @entity7 in 162 cases, @entity5 in 117 and subtotal or pancolitis in 169 cases. The location of @entity2 was only ileal in 68 cases, ileocolonic in 87 cases, colonic in 57 cases. The behaviour of @entity2 was non-stricturing-non-penetrating in 63 cases, stricturing in 54 cases, penetrating in 95 cases. 59.4% of the @entity2 @entity0 had at least one operation, 6.1% had more than 3 operations. CONCLUSION: The incidence and prevalence rates have increased steadily in Veszpr  m County, now it reaches that of most western European countries. There were no gender differences either in @entity3 or @entity2 . Smoking seemed to be a risk factor for @entity2 , but it was preventive for @entity3 . The rapid increase in incidence supports a role for environmental (e.g. diet, lifestyle changes) risk factors.

title: [Epidemiology of XXXX in Veszpr  m county of Western Hungary between 1977 and 2001].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Achieving a complete cytogenetic response (CCgR) is a major target in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with interferon-alpha ( @entity4 ), but CCgRs are rare. The mean CCgR rate is 13%, in a range of 5% to 33%. A collaborative study of 9 European Union countries has led to the collection of data on 317 @entity0 who were first seen between 1983 and 1997 and achieved CCgRs with @entity4 alone or in combination with @entity3 . The median time to first CCgR was 19 months (95% CI, 17-21; range, 3-84 months). At last contact, 212 @entity0 were still alive and in continuous CCgR; 105 @entity0 had lost CCgR, but 53% of them were still alive and in chronic phase. @entity4 treatment was discontinued permanently in 23 cases for response loss, in 36 cases for chronic @entity1 (15 are still in unmaintained continuous CCgR), and in 8 cases because it was believed that treatment was no longer necessary (7 of these 8 @entity0 are still in unmaintained continuous CCgR). The 10-year survival rate from first CCgR is 72% (95% CI, 62%-82%) and is related to the risk profile. High-risk @entity0 lost CCgR more frequently and more rapidly and none survived more than 10 years. Low-risk @entity0 survived much longer (10-year survival probability 89% for Sokal low risk and 81% for @entity5 low risk). These data point out that a substantial long-term survival in CCgRs is restricted mainly to low-risk and possibly intermediate-risk @entity0 and occurs significantly less often in high-risk @entity0 .

title: XXXX and interferon-alpha: a study of complete cytogenetic responders.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the prophylactic effect of low-dose @entity1 (5 mg) on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity0 undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic surgery. @entity3 and saline served as controls. METHODS: One hundred twenty @entity0 (n=40 in each of the three groups) undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic tubal ligation under general anesthesia were enrolled in this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. After tracheal intubation, group I received i.v. @entity1 5 mg, whereas groups II and III received i.v. @entity3 10 mg and saline, respectively. RESULTS: @entity0 in group I reported a lower incidence of @entity2 and requested less rescue antiemetics than those in group III during the first four postoperative hours (P <0.01). @entity0 in group I reported a lower incidence of @entity2 than those in groups II (P <0.05) and III (P <0.01) during the 24-hr postoperative period. Groups II and III did not differ from each other in the incidence of @entity2 and the proportion of @entity0 who requested rescue antiemetics. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic iv @entity1 5 mg significantly reduces the incidence of @entity2 in @entity0 undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic tubal ligation. At this dose, @entity1 is more effective than @entity3 10 mg or placebo.

title: Low-dose XXXX effectively prevents @entity2 after ambulatory laparoscopic surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the prophylactic effect of low-dose @entity1 (5 mg) on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity0 undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic surgery. @entity3 and saline served as controls. METHODS: One hundred twenty @entity0 (n=40 in each of the three groups) undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic tubal ligation under general anesthesia were enrolled in this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. After tracheal intubation, group I received i.v. @entity1 5 mg, whereas groups II and III received i.v. @entity3 10 mg and saline, respectively. RESULTS: @entity0 in group I reported a lower incidence of @entity2 and requested less rescue antiemetics than those in group III during the first four postoperative hours (P <0.01). @entity0 in group I reported a lower incidence of @entity2 than those in groups II (P <0.05) and III (P <0.01) during the 24-hr postoperative period. Groups II and III did not differ from each other in the incidence of @entity2 and the proportion of @entity0 who requested rescue antiemetics. CONCLUSION: Prophylactic iv @entity1 5 mg significantly reduces the incidence of @entity2 in @entity0 undergoing ambulatory laparoscopic tubal ligation. At this dose, @entity1 is more effective than @entity3 10 mg or placebo.

title: Low-dose @entity1 effectively prevents XXXX after ambulatory laparoscopic surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity7 after extended end-to-end @entity4 for @entity8 is the primary indication for further interventions in @entity0 . Tension because of the extended resection and local arterial wall @entity5 are possible pathogenetic mechanisms. We hypothesized that (1) @entity10 interferes with healing and (2) that @entity2 ( @entity2 ), a @entity5 sensitive angiogenic inducer, may enhance healing of the vascular @entity4 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In a model of @entity8 repair, @entity3 underwent thoracic aortic end-to-end @entity4 after transection (no- @entity10 ; n=15), resection of an aortic ring ( @entity10 ; n=14) or resection and topical @entity2 treatment (0.75 microg @entity9 ; @entity10 + @entity2 ; n=14). Gross and histologic characteristics of the aortic wall were assessed at 1 week, 1 and 2 months. In the @entity10 only group at 1 month, the severity of vascular remodeling was increased with @entity1 and @entity6 compared with controls. At 2 months, this group also revealed @entity7 (29% versus 19%; P<0.001). Exogenous @entity2 resulted in significantly less @entity1 , @entity6 and chondroid metaplasia at 1 month (P<0.05) and luminal area was only reduced 3% at 2 months (P<0.001 versus @entity10 group). CONCLUSIONS: In a @entity3 model of @entity8 repair, the addition of @entity10 on the vascular @entity4 resulted in poor healing and luminal @entity7 . Topical @entity2 maintained luminal integrity by decreasing @entity1 and @entity6 . These findings suggest that topical @entity2 may be a promising new strategy to enhance healing and improve the outcome of vascular anastomoses for @entity8 .

title: Topical @entity2 enhances healing of thoracic aortic XXXX for @entity8 in a @entity3 model.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity7 after extended end-to-end @entity4 for @entity8 is the primary indication for further interventions in @entity0 . Tension because of the extended resection and local arterial wall @entity5 are possible pathogenetic mechanisms. We hypothesized that (1) @entity10 interferes with healing and (2) that @entity2 ( @entity2 ), a @entity5 sensitive angiogenic inducer, may enhance healing of the vascular @entity4 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In a model of @entity8 repair, @entity3 underwent thoracic aortic end-to-end @entity4 after transection (no- @entity10 ; n=15), resection of an aortic ring ( @entity10 ; n=14) or resection and topical @entity2 treatment (0.75 microg @entity9 ; @entity10 + @entity2 ; n=14). Gross and histologic characteristics of the aortic wall were assessed at 1 week, 1 and 2 months. In the @entity10 only group at 1 month, the severity of vascular remodeling was increased with @entity1 and @entity6 compared with controls. At 2 months, this group also revealed @entity7 (29% versus 19%; P<0.001). Exogenous @entity2 resulted in significantly less @entity1 , @entity6 and chondroid metaplasia at 1 month (P<0.05) and luminal area was only reduced 3% at 2 months (P<0.001 versus @entity10 group). CONCLUSIONS: In a @entity3 model of @entity8 repair, the addition of @entity10 on the vascular @entity4 resulted in poor healing and luminal @entity7 . Topical @entity2 maintained luminal integrity by decreasing @entity1 and @entity6 . These findings suggest that topical @entity2 may be a promising new strategy to enhance healing and improve the outcome of vascular anastomoses for @entity8 .

title: Topical @entity2 enhances healing of thoracic aortic @entity4 for @entity8 in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity7 after extended end-to-end @entity4 for @entity8 is the primary indication for further interventions in @entity0 . Tension because of the extended resection and local arterial wall @entity5 are possible pathogenetic mechanisms. We hypothesized that (1) @entity10 interferes with healing and (2) that @entity2 ( @entity2 ), a @entity5 sensitive angiogenic inducer, may enhance healing of the vascular @entity4 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In a model of @entity8 repair, @entity3 underwent thoracic aortic end-to-end @entity4 after transection (no- @entity10 ; n=15), resection of an aortic ring ( @entity10 ; n=14) or resection and topical @entity2 treatment (0.75 microg @entity9 ; @entity10 + @entity2 ; n=14). Gross and histologic characteristics of the aortic wall were assessed at 1 week, 1 and 2 months. In the @entity10 only group at 1 month, the severity of vascular remodeling was increased with @entity1 and @entity6 compared with controls. At 2 months, this group also revealed @entity7 (29% versus 19%; P<0.001). Exogenous @entity2 resulted in significantly less @entity1 , @entity6 and chondroid metaplasia at 1 month (P<0.05) and luminal area was only reduced 3% at 2 months (P<0.001 versus @entity10 group). CONCLUSIONS: In a @entity3 model of @entity8 repair, the addition of @entity10 on the vascular @entity4 resulted in poor healing and luminal @entity7 . Topical @entity2 maintained luminal integrity by decreasing @entity1 and @entity6 . These findings suggest that topical @entity2 may be a promising new strategy to enhance healing and improve the outcome of vascular anastomoses for @entity8 .

title: Topical @entity2 enhances healing of thoracic aortic @entity4 for XXXX in a @entity3 model.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrent @entity7 after extended end-to-end @entity4 for @entity8 is the primary indication for further interventions in @entity0 . Tension because of the extended resection and local arterial wall @entity5 are possible pathogenetic mechanisms. We hypothesized that (1) @entity10 interferes with healing and (2) that @entity2 ( @entity2 ), a @entity5 sensitive angiogenic inducer, may enhance healing of the vascular @entity4 . METHODS AND RESULTS: In a model of @entity8 repair, @entity3 underwent thoracic aortic end-to-end @entity4 after transection (no- @entity10 ; n=15), resection of an aortic ring ( @entity10 ; n=14) or resection and topical @entity2 treatment (0.75 microg @entity9 ; @entity10 + @entity2 ; n=14). Gross and histologic characteristics of the aortic wall were assessed at 1 week, 1 and 2 months. In the @entity10 only group at 1 month, the severity of vascular remodeling was increased with @entity1 and @entity6 compared with controls. At 2 months, this group also revealed @entity7 (29% versus 19%; P<0.001). Exogenous @entity2 resulted in significantly less @entity1 , @entity6 and chondroid metaplasia at 1 month (P<0.05) and luminal area was only reduced 3% at 2 months (P<0.001 versus @entity10 group). CONCLUSIONS: In a @entity3 model of @entity8 repair, the addition of @entity10 on the vascular @entity4 resulted in poor healing and luminal @entity7 . Topical @entity2 maintained luminal integrity by decreasing @entity1 and @entity6 . These findings suggest that topical @entity2 may be a promising new strategy to enhance healing and improve the outcome of vascular anastomoses for @entity8 .

title: Topical XXXX enhances healing of thoracic aortic @entity4 for @entity8 in a @entity3 model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 after childhood @entity2 is a well-known complication. However, frequency differs considerably according to the types of primary @entity2 and the specifics of therapy. Ten @entity1 with a second @entity2 after being cured of the @entity2 are described. There were 2 @entity1 with @entity5 , one with @entity8 , and one with @entity0 after @entity4 . Two @entity1 with heritable @entity6 developed @entity3 in the irradiation field after a latent period of 7 and 14 years respectively. There was another @entity3 in a @entity10 survivor. One @entity1 with @entity5 developed a secondary AML 10 years after achieving initial remission, and a @entity7 was diagnosed in another @entity1 with cured @entity5 . One @entity1 died of peritoneal sarcomatosis of unknown origin 20 years after the diagnosis of @entity9 . All @entity1 received radiotherapy for the primary @entity2 . @entity2 in other @entity1 were probably missed because they occurred in adulthood when the @entity1 were transferred to other medical centres. It is impossible to trace these @entity1 because central registration of @entity1 with @entity2 is lacking. It is therefore important to establish a central @entity2 registry for the whole of Switzerland. @entity2 after @entity2 is not a rare event and requires long-term follow-up of @entity1 with @entity2 .

title: [Insufficient understanding of second XXXX after childhood @entity2 in Switzerland].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 after childhood @entity2 is a well-known complication. However, frequency differs considerably according to the types of primary @entity2 and the specifics of therapy. Ten @entity1 with a second @entity2 after being cured of the @entity2 are described. There were 2 @entity1 with @entity5 , one with @entity8 , and one with @entity0 after @entity4 . Two @entity1 with heritable @entity6 developed @entity3 in the irradiation field after a latent period of 7 and 14 years respectively. There was another @entity3 in a @entity10 survivor. One @entity1 with @entity5 developed a secondary AML 10 years after achieving initial remission, and a @entity7 was diagnosed in another @entity1 with cured @entity5 . One @entity1 died of peritoneal sarcomatosis of unknown origin 20 years after the diagnosis of @entity9 . All @entity1 received radiotherapy for the primary @entity2 . @entity2 in other @entity1 were probably missed because they occurred in adulthood when the @entity1 were transferred to other medical centres. It is impossible to trace these @entity1 because central registration of @entity1 with @entity2 is lacking. It is therefore important to establish a central @entity2 registry for the whole of Switzerland. @entity2 after @entity2 is not a rare event and requires long-term follow-up of @entity1 with @entity2 .

title: [Insufficient understanding of second @entity2 after childhood XXXX in Switzerland].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The etiological role of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), some of them such as permanent hair dyes containing @entity5 , in the development of @entity2 has been previously ruled out. However, the possible influence of @entity1 use on the course and prognosis of @entity2 @entity0 has been assessed only in one short-term study. Since @entity1 is very extensive among the population, the knowledge of this possible negative effect may be very important. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the long-term influence of several HDTs on the course and clinical severity of @entity0 with both @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In this longitudinal case series study, 91 @entity2 @entity0 and 22 @entity3 @entity0 were prospectively studied from October 1988 to May 2000. They were divided into three groups: (a) non- @entity1 users-- @entity0 who have never used @entity1 (n = 65); (b) P- @entity1 users-- @entity1 permanent type users, alone or in combination with other types of @entity1 (n = 28); (c) non P- @entity1 --users of other treatments different from permanent tinting (bleach, lowlights, etc; n = 20). In each @entity0 we determined: (1) number of flares/year in @entity2 @entity0 and worsening of cutaneous lesions for @entity3 ; (2) @entity2 International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) damage index; (3) predominant damaged organs/systems according to the @entity1 use and type of @entity1 ; and (4) subjective impression about the disease evolution in relation to @entity1 use. No significant differences were found with respect to flares/year and SLICC/ACR damage index between the study groups. Non- @entity1 group presented more renal involvement and @entity4 than both @entity1 -user groups. No @entity0 related the @entity1 use to the worsening of his disease. Therefore, in this study no evidence of an association between the long-term use of several types of @entity1 and the clinical activity and course of @entity2 and @entity3 was found.

title: Hair dye treatment use and clinical course in @entity0 with XXXX and @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The etiological role of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), some of them such as permanent hair dyes containing @entity5 , in the development of @entity2 has been previously ruled out. However, the possible influence of @entity1 use on the course and prognosis of @entity2 @entity0 has been assessed only in one short-term study. Since @entity1 is very extensive among the population, the knowledge of this possible negative effect may be very important. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the long-term influence of several HDTs on the course and clinical severity of @entity0 with both @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In this longitudinal case series study, 91 @entity2 @entity0 and 22 @entity3 @entity0 were prospectively studied from October 1988 to May 2000. They were divided into three groups: (a) non- @entity1 users-- @entity0 who have never used @entity1 (n = 65); (b) P- @entity1 users-- @entity1 permanent type users, alone or in combination with other types of @entity1 (n = 28); (c) non P- @entity1 --users of other treatments different from permanent tinting (bleach, lowlights, etc; n = 20). In each @entity0 we determined: (1) number of flares/year in @entity2 @entity0 and worsening of cutaneous lesions for @entity3 ; (2) @entity2 International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) damage index; (3) predominant damaged organs/systems according to the @entity1 use and type of @entity1 ; and (4) subjective impression about the disease evolution in relation to @entity1 use. No significant differences were found with respect to flares/year and SLICC/ACR damage index between the study groups. Non- @entity1 group presented more renal involvement and @entity4 than both @entity1 -user groups. No @entity0 related the @entity1 use to the worsening of his disease. Therefore, in this study no evidence of an association between the long-term use of several types of @entity1 and the clinical activity and course of @entity2 and @entity3 was found.

title: Hair dye treatment use and clinical course in @entity0 with @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The etiological role of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), some of them such as permanent hair dyes containing @entity5 , in the development of @entity2 has been previously ruled out. However, the possible influence of @entity1 use on the course and prognosis of @entity2 @entity0 has been assessed only in one short-term study. Since @entity1 is very extensive among the population, the knowledge of this possible negative effect may be very important. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the long-term influence of several HDTs on the course and clinical severity of @entity0 with both @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). In this longitudinal case series study, 91 @entity2 @entity0 and 22 @entity3 @entity0 were prospectively studied from October 1988 to May 2000. They were divided into three groups: (a) non- @entity1 users-- @entity0 who have never used @entity1 (n = 65); (b) P- @entity1 users-- @entity1 permanent type users, alone or in combination with other types of @entity1 (n = 28); (c) non P- @entity1 --users of other treatments different from permanent tinting (bleach, lowlights, etc; n = 20). In each @entity0 we determined: (1) number of flares/year in @entity2 @entity0 and worsening of cutaneous lesions for @entity3 ; (2) @entity2 International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology (SLICC/ACR) damage index; (3) predominant damaged organs/systems according to the @entity1 use and type of @entity1 ; and (4) subjective impression about the disease evolution in relation to @entity1 use. No significant differences were found with respect to flares/year and SLICC/ACR damage index between the study groups. Non- @entity1 group presented more renal involvement and @entity4 than both @entity1 -user groups. No @entity0 related the @entity1 use to the worsening of his disease. Therefore, in this study no evidence of an association between the long-term use of several types of @entity1 and the clinical activity and course of @entity2 and @entity3 was found.

title: Hair dye treatment use and clinical course in XXXX with @entity2 and @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Missing data resulting from premature study withdrawal are a common problem in the analysis of longitudinal data in clinical trials. To date, this subject has received little attention in the context of economic evaluations and with regard to the analysis of cost data. OBJECTIVES: To (i) demonstrate the impact of @entity0 who drop out during the study on the outcomes of an economic evaluation, and (ii) to compare the mean and variation in costs after applying five different methods to deal with incomplete data: multiple imputation, complete cases analysis, linear extrapolation, predicted mean and hot decking. STUDY DESIGN: The study was performed using cost data collected in two randomised clinical trials comparing @entity0 with @entity1 receiving either @entity2 or @entity4 . The overall dropout rate was 17%, with the daily costs of the dropouts approximately 4 times higher than the costs of the completers. METHODS: Multiple imputation is a principled method that deals with missing observations by replacing each missing observation with a set of multiple plausible values. The variance between the resulting multiple datasets is combined with the variance between the datasets to take account of the extra uncertainty that results from missing data. The outcomes after multiple imputation were compared with the results of four naive methods to deal with missing observations: complete cases analysis, linear extrapolation, predicted mean and hot decking. All costs were expressed in 2001 @entity3 . RESULTS: In the @entity2 group, mean (standard error) costs varied from @entity3 955 (137) after complete cases analysis to @entity3 1298 (198) after linear extrapolation. The corresponding estimates in the @entity4 group were @entity3 970 (125) and @entity3 1561 (244), respectively. The difference in costs between treatment groups varied from - @entity3 15 (95% CI: -379 to 349) after complete cases analysis to - @entity3 402 (95% CI: -883 to 79) after predicted mean, in favour of the @entity2 group. The difference in costs according to the other methods varied from - @entity3 263 (95% CI: -878 to 353) after linear extrapolation to - @entity3 265 (95% CI: -709 to 180) after multiple imputation to - @entity3 359 (95% CI: -771 to 54) after hot decking. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the method of dealing with the data of the dropouts had a large impact on the outcomes of an economic evaluation. Information about the rate of @entity0 withdrawal and the way data of dropouts are treated is of vital importance in assessing the results of economic evaluations and should always be reported. Multiple imputation is a principled method that can be used to deal with the data of these @entity0 .

title: Methods to analyse cost data of XXXX who withdraw in a clinical trial setting.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish a relationship between the pharmacokinetics of high-dose @entity5 ( @entity6 ) and @entity3 in @entity0 of a pediatric oncology department and to reassess @entity6 concentrations at which the @entity0 would be at high risk for toxic effects. METHODS: This study included 37 @entity0 (227 treatment courses) who received a median dose of 4.87 g/m(2) of @entity6 in a 4-hour infusion. The population pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity6 were estimated by parametric (IT2B) and nonparametric methods (NPEM). @entity7 were evaluated. The relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and @entity3 was analyzed by logistic regression and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: Equations to predict hematologic and nonhematologic @entity3 were obtained. An increase of 100 micro mol/L in the @entity6 peak concentration meant a 12% (p = 0.03) higher risk of @entity4 ; a significant delay in @entity6 elimination implied a 5.76-fold higher risk of @entity2 (p < 0.001). An increase of 1 micro mol/L in the @entity6 concentration 24 hours after the end of the infusion (Cp(24h)) led to a 43% increase in the risk of @entity1 (p < 0.001). @entity7 was significantly conditioned by the baseline leukocyte count and Cp(24h) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of high-dose @entity6 pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship to @entity3 has led to equations able to predict @entity3 that are easily applicable to daily practice. Cp(24h) >3.5 micro mol/L was confirmed as an indicator of high risk of @entity3 .

title: Pharmacodynamics of high-dose XXXX in pediatric @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish a relationship between the pharmacokinetics of high-dose @entity5 ( @entity6 ) and @entity3 in @entity0 of a pediatric oncology department and to reassess @entity6 concentrations at which the @entity0 would be at high risk for toxic effects. METHODS: This study included 37 @entity0 (227 treatment courses) who received a median dose of 4.87 g/m(2) of @entity6 in a 4-hour infusion. The population pharmacokinetic parameters of @entity6 were estimated by parametric (IT2B) and nonparametric methods (NPEM). @entity7 were evaluated. The relationship between pharmacokinetic parameters and @entity3 was analyzed by logistic regression and multiple linear regression. RESULTS: Equations to predict hematologic and nonhematologic @entity3 were obtained. An increase of 100 micro mol/L in the @entity6 peak concentration meant a 12% (p = 0.03) higher risk of @entity4 ; a significant delay in @entity6 elimination implied a 5.76-fold higher risk of @entity2 (p < 0.001). An increase of 1 micro mol/L in the @entity6 concentration 24 hours after the end of the infusion (Cp(24h)) led to a 43% increase in the risk of @entity1 (p < 0.001). @entity7 was significantly conditioned by the baseline leukocyte count and Cp(24h) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The analysis of high-dose @entity6 pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship to @entity3 has led to equations able to predict @entity3 that are easily applicable to daily practice. Cp(24h) >3.5 micro mol/L was confirmed as an indicator of high risk of @entity3 .

title: Pharmacodynamics of high-dose @entity5 in pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Cross-sectional imaging, in particular CT, has become the main method of detecting abdominal collections. Indium-labelled white-cell scintigraphy and @entity5 scintigraphy are reserved for @entity0 in whom there is a high clinical suspicion of @entity4 but CT has not revealed a source of @entity2 . Scintigraphy is also used in @entity0 with suspected vascular graft infections or suspected infected hip prostheses. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has revolutionised the treatment of abdominal abscesses over the past 20 years, with repeat laparotomy for postoperative abscesses becoming a rare event. Ultrasound or CT can be used to guide @entity3 . Choosing an access route that does not cross intervening organs is of crucial importance to the safe performance of @entity3 . The Trocar or Seldinger techniques can be used with equal success. The cavity should be aspirated until dry and irrigated with saline. Repeat imaging after drainage is helpful to detect any undrained locules. @entity3 endpoints include @entity0 defervescence, reduction in white blood cell count and catheter drainage of less than 10 ml per day. Details regarding @entity3 in specific abdominal regions are discussed. Success rates for @entity3 are high (close to 90%) in most abdominal organs. Slightly lower success rates are seen with @entity3 of pancreatic abscesses and abscesses associated with @entity1 (60-85% success rates). Complication rates lie between 0% and 10%. Complications can be minimised by ensuring that the @entity0 has broad spectrum antibiotic coverage before drainage, by carefully planning the access route and by ensuring diligent post-procedure care by radiology staff.

title: Non-traumatic abdominal emergencies: imaging and intervention in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Transformed ( @entity5 35S promoter [35S]) tobacco (Nicotiana plumbaginifolia L.) plants constitutively expressing @entity2 reductase (NR) and untransformed controls were subjected to drought for 5 d. Drought-induced changes in biomass accumulation and photosynthesis were comparable in both lines of plants. After 4 d of @entity4 , a large increase in the ratio of shoot dry weight to fresh weight was observed, together with a decrease in the rate of photosynthetic @entity0 assimilation. Foliar @entity1 increased in both lines during water stress, but hexoses increased only in leaves from untransformed controls. Foliar @entity6 decreased rapidly in both lines and was halved within 2 d of the onset of @entity4 . Total foliar @entity3 decreased in leaves of both lines following @entity4 . After 4 d of @entity4 no NR activity could be detected in leaves of untransformed plants, whereas about 50% of the original activity remained in the leaves of the 35S-NR transformants. NR mRNA was much more stable than NR activity. NR mRNA abundance increased in the leaves of the 35S-NR plants and remained constant in controls for the first 3 d of drought. On the 4th d, however, NR mRNA suddenly decreased in both lines. Rehydration at d 3 caused rapid recovery (within 24 h) of 35S-NR transcripts, but no recovery was observed in the controls. The phosphorylation state of the protein was unchanged by long-term drought. There was a strong correlation between maximal extractable NR activity and ambient photosynthesis in both lines. We conclude that drought first causes increased NR protein turnover and then accelerates NR mRNA turnover. Constitutive NR expression temporarily delayed drought-induced losses in NR activity. 35S-NR expression may therefore allow more rapid recovery of N assimilation following short-term water deficit.

title: Overexpression of XXXX reductase in tobacco delays drought-induced decreases in @entity2 reductase activity and mRNA

answer: @entity2


abstract: Transformed ( @entity5 35S promoter [35S]) tobacco (Nicotiana plumbaginifolia L.) plants constitutively expressing @entity2 reductase (NR) and untransformed controls were subjected to drought for 5 d. Drought-induced changes in biomass accumulation and photosynthesis were comparable in both lines of plants. After 4 d of @entity4 , a large increase in the ratio of shoot dry weight to fresh weight was observed, together with a decrease in the rate of photosynthetic @entity0 assimilation. Foliar @entity1 increased in both lines during water stress, but hexoses increased only in leaves from untransformed controls. Foliar @entity6 decreased rapidly in both lines and was halved within 2 d of the onset of @entity4 . Total foliar @entity3 decreased in leaves of both lines following @entity4 . After 4 d of @entity4 no NR activity could be detected in leaves of untransformed plants, whereas about 50% of the original activity remained in the leaves of the 35S-NR transformants. NR mRNA was much more stable than NR activity. NR mRNA abundance increased in the leaves of the 35S-NR plants and remained constant in controls for the first 3 d of drought. On the 4th d, however, NR mRNA suddenly decreased in both lines. Rehydration at d 3 caused rapid recovery (within 24 h) of 35S-NR transcripts, but no recovery was observed in the controls. The phosphorylation state of the protein was unchanged by long-term drought. There was a strong correlation between maximal extractable NR activity and ambient photosynthesis in both lines. We conclude that drought first causes increased NR protein turnover and then accelerates NR mRNA turnover. Constitutive NR expression temporarily delayed drought-induced losses in NR activity. 35S-NR expression may therefore allow more rapid recovery of N assimilation following short-term water deficit.

title: Overexpression of @entity2 reductase in tobacco delays drought-induced decreases in XXXX reductase activity and mRNA

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of this study was to evaluate quantitative apparent diffusion changes in the center of @entity3 by measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and to investigate the influence of @entity1 on the contralateral hemisphere. By diffusion echo-planar imaging (EPI) 52 @entity0 showing @entity2 were studied within 5 h to >12 months after onset of clinical symptoms. Using three diffusion gradient strengths (b1=30 s/mm(2); b2=300 s/mm(2), b3=1100 s/mm(2)) ADC maps were generated. After onset of @entity1 , ADC in the center of @entity3 was lower than in the contralateral regions of @entity0 brain. At first ADC declined for approximately 28 h to a minimum of approximately 150x10(-8) cm(2)/s. Then the ADC reincreased and reached a "pseudonormalization" after approximately 5 days. @entity3 did show much higher ADC values (2000x10(-8) cm(2)/s) than unaffected areas. Neither localization nor size of @entity3 showed a significant influence on this time course. In the center of @entity3 diffusion is isotropic. Even brain regions of the contralateral hemisphere are influenced by @entity4 . In these regions ADC is higher than for physiological conditions. The ADC also declines especially for the first 2-3 days after onset of symptoms, also followed by reincrease. The ADC calculation enables determination of the onset of @entity3 more exactly than is possible using only diffusion-weighted imaging. Diffusion in the center of @entity3 is isotropic; hence, orientation of the diffusion gradients has no significant influence on sensitivity of measurements. The calculation of the ADC ratio based on data derived from the center of @entity3 and the contralateral hemisphere seems to be critical because the ADC in the unaffected contralateral hemisphere also changes.

title: Time course of the apparent diffusion coefficient after XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The role of @entity14 ( @entity15 ) in the induction of @entity7 , @entity4 and @entity13 , which are chemotactic factors to monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes, respectively, by @entity0 vascular endothelial cells (EC), was examined. @entity15 induced the expression of @entity7 and @entity4 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in microvascular EC (MVEC) and in large vessel EC from aorta, pulmonary artery and umbilical vein. @entity15 also induced @entity13 in MVEC but not in large vessel EC. Signaling pathways responsible for @entity15 induction of chemokines were examined in MVEC. @entity15 and @entity2 , a cytokine secreted in sites of @entity1 , additively stimulated @entity13 expression. @entity15 did not augment @entity2 induction of @entity7 or @entity4 . A platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist ( @entity8 ) failed to block @entity15 induction of MVEC chemokines, but the G(i)-protein inhibitor pertussis toxin partially blocked @entity15 induction of @entity13 and @entity4 . @entity15 activated multiple kinases in MVEC; it increased the phosphorylation of @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity10 MAP kinase in a time-dependent manner. An inhibitor of the MAPK/ERK pathway, @entity12 , blocked the phosphorylation of @entity5 and @entity13 induction by @entity15 , but augmented @entity4 induction. @entity6 , a specific inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3 kinase), blunted the phosphorylation of @entity3 and inhibited @entity15 induction of @entity13 more strongly than @entity4 . Inhibition of @entity10 MAP kinase pathway by @entity11 also blocked @entity15 -induced expression of @entity4 and @entity13 . Our results suggest that @entity15 induction of chemokines in MVEC is distinct from that in large vessel EC, and required the activities of MAP kinases and PI3 kinase for the induction of @entity13 and @entity4 . We speculate that the presence of @entity15 , a bioactive lipid product of @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and a constituent of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, can differentially influence the chemotaxis of particular leukocyte subpopulations during @entity1 .

title: XXXX regulates @entity0 microvascular endothelial cell expression of chemokines.

answer: @entity14


abstract: The role of @entity14 ( @entity15 ) in the induction of @entity7 , @entity4 and @entity13 , which are chemotactic factors to monocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes, respectively, by @entity0 vascular endothelial cells (EC), was examined. @entity15 induced the expression of @entity7 and @entity4 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in microvascular EC (MVEC) and in large vessel EC from aorta, pulmonary artery and umbilical vein. @entity15 also induced @entity13 in MVEC but not in large vessel EC. Signaling pathways responsible for @entity15 induction of chemokines were examined in MVEC. @entity15 and @entity2 , a cytokine secreted in sites of @entity1 , additively stimulated @entity13 expression. @entity15 did not augment @entity2 induction of @entity7 or @entity4 . A platelet-activating factor receptor antagonist ( @entity8 ) failed to block @entity15 induction of MVEC chemokines, but the G(i)-protein inhibitor pertussis toxin partially blocked @entity15 induction of @entity13 and @entity4 . @entity15 activated multiple kinases in MVEC; it increased the phosphorylation of @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity10 MAP kinase in a time-dependent manner. An inhibitor of the MAPK/ERK pathway, @entity12 , blocked the phosphorylation of @entity5 and @entity13 induction by @entity15 , but augmented @entity4 induction. @entity6 , a specific inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3 kinase), blunted the phosphorylation of @entity3 and inhibited @entity15 induction of @entity13 more strongly than @entity4 . Inhibition of @entity10 MAP kinase pathway by @entity11 also blocked @entity15 -induced expression of @entity4 and @entity13 . Our results suggest that @entity15 induction of chemokines in MVEC is distinct from that in large vessel EC, and required the activities of MAP kinases and PI3 kinase for the induction of @entity13 and @entity4 . We speculate that the presence of @entity15 , a bioactive lipid product of @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and a constituent of oxidized low-density lipoprotein, can differentially influence the chemotaxis of particular leukocyte subpopulations during @entity1 .

title: @entity14 regulates XXXX microvascular endothelial cell expression of chemokines.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 diagnosis depends on causal subtype. The accepted classification procedure is a succession of diagnostic tests administered in an order based on prior reported frequencies of the subtypes. The first positive test result completely determines diagnosis. An alternative approach tests multiple concomitant diagnostic hypotheses in parallel. This method permits multiple simultaneous pathologies in the @entity0 . These two diagnostic procedures can be compared by novel numeric criteria presented here. @entity3 , a type of @entity2 , results from interaction between endothelium, @entity4 . We tested for @entity2 on thirty @entity0 using both methods. For each @entity0 the procedure produced an assessment of severity as an ordered set of three numbers in the interval [0, 1]. We measured the difference in diagnosis between the sequential and parallel diagnostic algorithms. The computations reveal systematic differences: The sequential procedure tends to under-diagnose and excludes any measure of interaction between pathologic elements.

title: Measurable differences between sequential and parallel diagnostic decision processes for determining XXXX subtype: a representation of interacting pathologies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 is the fourth leading cause of @entity2 related @entity5 in Western Countries. The 5-year survival for resectable @entity2 is 15-25%, while @entity0 with unresectable @entity2 survive a median of 7 months. Only 30% of @entity4 of the head of pancreas and 10% of the body and tail are resectable for cure. Therefore, palliation of symptoms, @entity9 , @entity3 , involve 80-90% of cases. @entity8 is frequent in @entity2 of the head. Palliative biliary decompression can be achieved by non surgical methods-endoscopically placed endoprostheses or percutaneous biliary drainage- or surgically. The former are indicated in @entity0 with @entity1 , high operative risk and short life expectancy. @entity7 which includes choledocho-duodenostomy, cholecystoduodenostomy, cholecystojejunostomy, hepato or choledocho-jejunostomy offers the advantage of providing a simple procedure that can treat or prevent all of the major symptoms: @entity8 , @entity3 . Mechanical obstruction of the duodenum occurs in about 30% of cases in association with @entity8 at the time of presentation and in 13-21% of @entity0 previously subjected to biliary bypass after 8 months. @entity10 can be relieved by gastro-jejunostomy. Significant controversy remains concerning the role of prophylactic gastro-jejunostomy in @entity0 requiring biliary diversion without signs of @entity11 . @entity3 , which sooner or later affects the majority of @entity0 , can be relieved by splanchnicectomy, either surgically or percutaneously.

title: [Palliative treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: 1. An experiment was conducted to study the effects of whole @entity3 , oats and @entity2 at different inclusion levels on performance, starch digestibility, duodenal particle size distribution, gizzard weight and pH of gizzard contents for broiler @entity1 . 2. Feed consumption and @entity0 were significantly reduced when ground cereals were replaced by whole cereals (P < 0.05). However, feed conversion efficiency was not affected by inclusion of up to 440 g/kg of whole @entity3 , and up to 300 g/kg of whole oats and @entity2 . 3. Duodenal particle size was measured by laser diffraction to below 1 micron in size. A remarkably large proportion of particles were below 100 microns, with as much as 50% of the particles in the duodenum being below 40 microns in size. Inclusion of moderate amounts of whole cereals reduced the duodenal mean particle size. Large inclusions of whole cereals decreased (P < 0.05) the proportion of particles up to 40 microns in size, and increased (P < 0.05) the proportion with size between 100 and 300 microns. 4. Starch digestibility was improved (P < 0.05) by replacing ground @entity3 or @entity2 with whole @entity3 or @entity2 . 5. There was no consistent effect of cereal species or feed form on the pH value of the gizzard contents.

title: Effect of feeding whole cereals on performance, starch digestibility and duodenal particle size distribution in broiler XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Forty-four @entity0 (20 male: 24 female) with @entity3 ( @entity3 , @entity4 /regression and @entity3 ) diagnosed at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital (Pediatric Neurology Division of the Department of @entity0 Health) are reported, with thirty-four (77.3%) @entity0 constituting the symptomatic group. All @entity0 were followed up for an initial 1 year at this hospital. Thirty-seven cases (84%) still continue their follow-up with us. The age of onset ranged from 1 to 14 months (mean, 6.0 months). @entity1 before the onset of @entity3 was noted in 29 (65.9%) @entity0 . Brain computed tomography was abnormal in 29 (65.9%). @entity5 and @entity7 were the most often used drugs, though other antiepileptic drugs were also used. Nine (24.5%) @entity0 achieved good @entity2 control, out of which five have normal development. Only one @entity0 could be weaned off antiepileptic drugs completely. There was one death in the whole series, related to @entity6 .

title: XXXX : a university hospital based study from Oman.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine radiation dose response for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) based on our institutional experience and to review the literature on this topic. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Sixty-seven @entity0 with supratentorial low-grade nonpilocytic @entity4 (n=36) or @entity6 (n=31) were treated with postoperative @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Twenty-seven @entity0 (group A) received 5520 cGy; 24 @entity0 (group B) received 5940 cGy; and 16 @entity0 (group C) received 6375 cGy. The corresponding median follow-up was 60, 35 and 91 months, respectively. RESULTS: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) at 5 and 10 years were 90.2% and 56.2%, 67.6% and 47.3%, and 62.5% and 50% for groups A, B and C, respectively (P=0.40). Only a greater extent of surgical resection and absence of contrast enhancement predicted @entity3 on multivariate analyses. @entity0 receiving higher doses of @entity5 had higher complication rates. CONCLUSION: Our data confirmed the lack of radiation dose response for supratentorial @entity2 as demonstrated in the previous randomized trials. The radiation dose should not exceed 5520 cGy because dose escalation did not result in an improvement of @entity3 and it also increased the complication rates. Future research should focus on the eradication of radioresistant clones either by the improvement of surgical resection or the use of cytotoxic agents that can target on the radioresistant @entity1 cells.

title: Radiation dose response for supratentorial XXXX --institutional experience and literature review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Leech therapy was commonly used in traditional medicine for treating @entity1 . Clinically significant @entity1 relief after leech therapy for @entity3 has been demonstrated by preliminary data. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of leech therapy for symptomatic relief of @entity3 . DESIGN: Randomized, controlled trial. SETTING: Outpatient department for integrative medicine of an @entity5 teaching hospital. @entity0 : 51 @entity0 with @entity3 (leech therapy: 24 @entity0 , mean age [+/-SD], 62.5 +/- 10.2 years; topical diclofenac therapy: 27 @entity0 , mean age [+/-SD], 65.5 +/- 6.7 years). INTERVENTION: A single treatment with 4 to 6 locally applied leeches (leech therapy group) or a 28-day topical diclofenac regimen (control group). MEASUREMENTS: Mean of the @entity1 , function, and stiffness subscores of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity2 Index and physical sum score of the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey with group comparisons at days 3, 7, 28, and 91. RESULTS: The primary end point, @entity1 at day 7, was reduced from a mean (+/-SD) of 53.5 +/- 13.7 to 19.3 +/- 12.2 after leech therapy compared with 51.5 +/- 16.8 to 42.4 +/- 19.7 with topical @entity4 (estimated group difference, -23.9 [95% CI, -32.8 to -15.1]; P < 0.001). Although the difference between group @entity1 scores was no longer significant after day 7, differences for function, stiffness, and total symptoms remained significant in favor of leech therapy until the end of study and for quality of life until day 28. Results were not affected by outcome expectation. CONCLUSIONS: Leech therapy helps relieve symptoms in @entity0 with @entity3 . The potential of leech therapy for treating @entity2 and the pharmacologic properties of leech saliva remain to be clarified.

title: Effectiveness of leech therapy in XXXX : a randomized, controlled trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine if there are racial/ethnic differences in the rates of @entity1 among the @entity0 of two large states. Because @entity1 is primarily due to delayed diagnosis, differences would suggest disparities in timely access to quality emergency care. METHODS: This was an observational, cross-sectional analysis of full-year samples of @entity2 cases from California and New York @entity0 4 to 18 years old. Racial/ethnic groups were compared for risk of @entity1 adjusted for biological factors both before and after adjustment for the following socioeconomic, hospital, and admission characteristics: income, insurance, hospital type, and admission source. Results were interpreted in light of census data on the proportion of immigrants in each racial/ethnic group. RESULTS: Compared with white @entity0 with @entity2 , Hispanic and Asian @entity0 have higher odds of @entity1 in California, whereas Asian and black/African American @entity0 have higher odds in New York. These differences roughly parallel the within-state proportion of immigrant @entity0 in these groups. Adjustments for family, socioeconomic, and hospital characteristics attenuate but do not eliminate disparities. CONCLUSIONS: The authors found evidence of significant racial/ethnic disparities in rate of @entity1 , an important and preventable outcome, in two large but dissimilar states. Immigrant groups may be most at risk for delayed emergency care. Future research should focus on immigration and acculturation as risk factors for @entity3 in @entity0 .

title: Racial and ethnic disparities in pediatric XXXX rate.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Studies have shown enhanced survival of @entity3 @entity0 in which the @entity1 are infiltrated with @entity1 infiltrating lymphocytes and natural killer cells showing the importance of immune surveillance and recognition in @entity3 . Therefore, in this study, we tested cellular immunotherapy and varying combinations of cytokines ( @entity5 and/or pegylated-IFNa-2b) in a xenograft @entity2 model of @entity3 . SKOV3-AF2 @entity3 cells were injected intra-peritoneally (IP) into athymic @entity2 . On day 7 post- @entity1 cell injection, @entity2 were injected IP with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC; 5  *  10(6) PBMC) and cytokine combinations [ @entity5      pegylated-IFNa-2b (IFN)]. Cytokine injections were continued weekly for IFN (12,000 U/injection) and thrice weekly for @entity5 (4000 U/injection). @entity2 were euthanized when they became moribund due to @entity1 burden at which time @entity1 and ascitic fluid were measured and collected. Treatment efficacy was measured by improved survival at 8 weeks and overall survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis. We observed that the @entity2 tolerated all treatment combinations without significant @entity4 or other apparent illness. @entity2 receiving PBMC plus @entity5 showed improved median survival (7.3  weeks) compared to @entity2 with no treatment (4.2  weeks), @entity5 (3.5  weeks), PBMC (4.0  weeks), or PBMC plus @entity5 (4.3  weeks), although PBMC plus @entity5 was not statistically different than PBMC plus IFN (5.5  weeks, p  >  0.05). We demonstrate that cytokine-stimulated cellular immune therapy with PBMC and @entity5 was well tolerated and resulted in survival advantage compared to untreated controls and other cytokine combinations in the nude- @entity2 model.

title: Cellular therapy in combination with cytokines improves survival in a xenograft @entity2 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Studies have shown enhanced survival of @entity3 @entity0 in which the @entity1 are infiltrated with @entity1 infiltrating lymphocytes and natural killer cells showing the importance of immune surveillance and recognition in @entity3 . Therefore, in this study, we tested cellular immunotherapy and varying combinations of cytokines ( @entity5 and/or pegylated-IFNa-2b) in a xenograft @entity2 model of @entity3 . SKOV3-AF2 @entity3 cells were injected intra-peritoneally (IP) into athymic @entity2 . On day 7 post- @entity1 cell injection, @entity2 were injected IP with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC; 5  *  10(6) PBMC) and cytokine combinations [ @entity5      pegylated-IFNa-2b (IFN)]. Cytokine injections were continued weekly for IFN (12,000 U/injection) and thrice weekly for @entity5 (4000 U/injection). @entity2 were euthanized when they became moribund due to @entity1 burden at which time @entity1 and ascitic fluid were measured and collected. Treatment efficacy was measured by improved survival at 8 weeks and overall survival by Kaplan-Meier analysis. We observed that the @entity2 tolerated all treatment combinations without significant @entity4 or other apparent illness. @entity2 receiving PBMC plus @entity5 showed improved median survival (7.3  weeks) compared to @entity2 with no treatment (4.2  weeks), @entity5 (3.5  weeks), PBMC (4.0  weeks), or PBMC plus @entity5 (4.3  weeks), although PBMC plus @entity5 was not statistically different than PBMC plus IFN (5.5  weeks, p  >  0.05). We demonstrate that cytokine-stimulated cellular immune therapy with PBMC and @entity5 was well tolerated and resulted in survival advantage compared to untreated controls and other cytokine combinations in the nude- @entity2 model.

title: Cellular therapy in combination with cytokines improves survival in a xenograft XXXX model of @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of topical @entity3 (Caprogel) in the management of @entity2 . DESIGN: Multicenter, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial. @entity0 : A total of 51 @entity0 participated in this trial (power = 36%, 2-tailed test). INTERVENTION: @entity0 presenting with @entity2 were randomly assigned to 5-day treatment with topical @entity3 or a placebo gel. @entity0 were monitored daily with ocular examination and vital sign testing for the 5 days of treatment and at 24 and 48 hours after treatment. General physical examination and laboratory testing were performed at baseline and day 5. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main efficacy variable was the rate of rebleeding. Secondary efficacy variables included time to @entity2 clearance, intraocular pressure, time to secondary @entity1 , and visual acuity. Safety variables included adverse events, vital signs, and laboratory measurements. RESULTS: Rebleeding occurred in 30% of the placebo group (8 of 27; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 14-50%), versus 8% of the treatment group (2 of 24; 95% CI = 1-27%), for an estimated continuity-corrected difference in percentage of @entity0 with @entity1 of 17% (95% CI = -3-38%). Secondary efficacy variables were similar in the groups, except that there was a trend towards more visual improvement in the topical @entity3 group (54%) than in the placebo group (30%) at the last measurement (P = 0.08). Adverse events were similar. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that topical @entity3 is safe and demonstrates trends towards reducing the rebleeding rate in the management of @entity2 . However, because the study was terminated before complete enrollment, more definitive recommendations will require a larger trial.

title: A phase III, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of topical @entity3 (Caprogel) in the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of topical @entity3 (Caprogel) in the management of @entity2 . DESIGN: Multicenter, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trial. @entity0 : A total of 51 @entity0 participated in this trial (power = 36%, 2-tailed test). INTERVENTION: @entity0 presenting with @entity2 were randomly assigned to 5-day treatment with topical @entity3 or a placebo gel. @entity0 were monitored daily with ocular examination and vital sign testing for the 5 days of treatment and at 24 and 48 hours after treatment. General physical examination and laboratory testing were performed at baseline and day 5. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main efficacy variable was the rate of rebleeding. Secondary efficacy variables included time to @entity2 clearance, intraocular pressure, time to secondary @entity1 , and visual acuity. Safety variables included adverse events, vital signs, and laboratory measurements. RESULTS: Rebleeding occurred in 30% of the placebo group (8 of 27; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 14-50%), versus 8% of the treatment group (2 of 24; 95% CI = 1-27%), for an estimated continuity-corrected difference in percentage of @entity0 with @entity1 of 17% (95% CI = -3-38%). Secondary efficacy variables were similar in the groups, except that there was a trend towards more visual improvement in the topical @entity3 group (54%) than in the placebo group (30%) at the last measurement (P = 0.08). Adverse events were similar. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that topical @entity3 is safe and demonstrates trends towards reducing the rebleeding rate in the management of @entity2 . However, because the study was terminated before complete enrollment, more definitive recommendations will require a larger trial.

title: A phase III, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of topical XXXX (Caprogel) in the management of @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the outcomes and complications of transpupillary thermotherapy for treatment of small @entity3 . DESIGN: Retrospective case-matched comparative study and retrospective observational study. @entity0 : The case-matched study consisted of 36 @entity0 treated with either transpupillary thermotherapy or plaque radiotherapy (18 @entity0 per group). The observational study consisted of 21 @entity0 treated with transpupillary thermotherapy alone (primary transpupillary thermotherapy) and 9 @entity0 treated with transpupillary thermotherapy plus plaque radiotherapy (adjuvant transpupillary thermotherapy). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity, @entity2 control, and @entity1 . RESULTS: The case-matched groups did not differ significantly with respect to age, gender, initial visual acuity, @entity2 location, or length of follow-up (mean, 33 months for transpupillary thermotherapy vs. 40 months for plaque radiotherapy). There was no significant difference in final visual acuity (P = 0.810) or postoperative visual acuity change (P = 0.919) between the 2 groups. In the observational study, the mean follow-up was 32 months (range, 4-58 months). Indications for primary transpupillary thermotherapy included documented growth (10 @entity0 ) and the presence of >/=3 risk factors for growth (11 @entity0 ). Retinal complications occurred in 16 @entity0 (76%). The mean posttreatment visual acuity change was minus 2 lines (range, minus 9 to plus 7 lines). Local failure occurred in 6 @entity0 (29%). Local failure was associated with an increased number of transpupillary thermotherapy spots per session (P = 0.023) and decreased @entity2 pigmentation (P = 0.001). Indications for adjuvant transpupillary thermotherapy included @entity2 radioresistance (6 @entity0 ) and the presence of risk factors for local failure (3 @entity0 ). All 9 @entity2 that received adjuvant transpupillary thermotherapy regressed rapidly, with no local failures. The mean postoperative visual acuity change was -1.9 lines (range, -9 to +5 lines). No @entity0 in either study developed @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The recent interest in transpupillary thermotherapy as primary therapy for @entity3 is based largely on the assumption that transpupillary thermotherapy may provide better visual outcomes than plaque radiotherapy. However, this study found no significant difference in visual outcomes between transpupillary thermotherapy and plaque radiotherapy. Further, the local failure rate with transpupillary thermotherapy was substantially higher than with plaque radiotherapy. The most promising role for transpupillary thermotherapy seems to be as an adjunct to plaque radiotherapy. The appropriate indications for transpupillary thermotherapy in the management of @entity3 need to be re-evaluated.

title: Transpupillary thermotherapy versus plaque radiotherapy for suspected XXXX .

answer: @entity3