abstract: Two @entity5 (Fc gamma R) subclasses on @entity0 neutrophils, Fc gamma RII and @entity3 , activate different cellular functions. To examine the involvement of each receptor subtype in polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation, @entity2 and F(ab')2 fragments of subclass-specific monoclonal antibodies ([mAbs] mAb IV.3 against Fc gamma RII and mAb 3G8 against @entity3 , respectively) were used to block the binding of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Flow cytometry then permitted the simultaneous quantitation of antibody and ligand binding, the elicited intracellular @entity1 concentration (delta[ @entity1 ]int), initiation of the oxidative burst, and/or the @entity6 activation in the same cell. We have previously demonstrated that subsaturating dosages of HIC bind uniformly to all the cells but elicit an "all-or-none" (i.e., dose independent) maximal delta[ @entity1 ]int in a dose-dependent subpopulation of the cells. In contrast, both the proportion of cells responding and the magnitude of the delta[ @entity1 ]int transient depend on the subsaturating dose of LIC, even though it too binds uniformly to all the cells, nonresponding as well as responding. These earlier findings have here been extended by single cell flow cytometric analysis to demonstrate that F(ab')2 @entity3 is the major Fc gamma R involved in HIC binding (and [ @entity1 ]int mobilization), as well as in oxidative burst and @entity6 activation. In contrast, both receptor subclasses must be available for LIC-elicited delta[ @entity1 ]int, as blockage by either of the mAb @entity2 or F(ab')2 fragments abrogates this response, even though LIC binding to the receptors is not decreased. Furthermore, LIC elicited little oxidative burst activity and failed to activate @entity6 but cross-linking to achieve multivalency, previously shown to induce [ @entity1 ]int and oxidative burst responses, elicited @entity6 activity via @entity3 . Fc gamma RII's role appears to be modulation of the small, late @entity1 influx observed at > 1 min, whereas @entity3 modulates all the earlier larger events. Thus, simultaneous observation of receptor identity, receptor occupancy, and consequent activation parameters in the same cell by flow cytometry permits use to demonstrate that Fc gamma RII is necessary for the small signal transduction elicited by LIC; it plays a relatively small role in polymorphonuclear leukocyte stimulation by HIC. @entity3 is the main receptor responsible for immune complex-elicited polymorphonuclear leukocyte responses; its efficacy is greatly enhanced when the receptors are cross-linked, either by preequilibrated multivalent complexes or by in situ cross-linking of bound LIC with excess antibody.

title: Role of the Fc gamma R subclasses Fc gamma RII and @entity3 in the activation of XXXX neutrophils by low and @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Use of a modified clinical grading score improves accuracy in diagnosing @entity2 in the pediatric population while decreasing the use of computed tomography (CT). DESIGN: Retrospective medical records review after approval by the institutional review board. We determined the Alvarado score for each @entity0 and correlated it with the pathological findings and imaging studies to evaluate the efficacy of CT and its attendant radiation exposure. SETTING: Community teaching hospital. @entity0 : Sixty-one @entity0 , aged 3 to 16 years, admitted with suspected @entity2 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the modified Alvarado scoring system. RESULTS: The standard Alvarado score for @entity2 had a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 82%, with an accuracy of 92%. In the modified Alvarado scoring system, CT findings were substituted for Alvarado scores in the ranges of 5 or 6, 5 to 7, 5 to 8, and 5 to 9. The modification resulted in the greatest accuracy (98%) in diagnosing @entity3 in @entity0 with scores in the range of 5 to 7. This modification theoretically would have decreased the use of CT by about 27% in this group of retrospectively studied @entity0 . Furthermore, in @entity0 with Alvarado scores of 1 to 4, another diagnosis should be considered; in @entity0 with scores of 5 to 7, CT should be performed; and, in @entity0 with scores of 8 to 10, an appendectomy should be performed promptly without further studies. CONCLUSIONS: The modified Alvarado score is useful as an @entity4 in diagnosing @entity2 in the pediatric population. This scoring system eliminates unnecessary use of CT and the attendant potential @entity1 -inducing radiation in the pediatric population.

title: Decreased use of computed tomography with a modified clinical scoring system in diagnosis of pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 (MET) is known to increase several biological effects of insulin (INS), but there is no information concerning its direct effects on protein synthesis. We studied the action of MET on albumin production by primary cultures of freshly isolated @entity0 hepatocytes, alone or in combination with various agonists: INS, @entity2 , EGF, thyroxin, and @entity1 . While having no effect alone, MET in vitro potentiates the effects of INS, @entity2 , and EGF. When this increasing effect toward INS was studied over a broad concentration range, MET appeared to improve low-acting INS levels and to intensify the maximal INS effects. In contrast, MET did not change the production of albumin stimulated by thyroxin or @entity1 . Animals chronically pretreated with MET in vivo showed a higher yield of isolated hepatocytes, better attachment, and especially higher viability after liver perfusion and during cell culture. This may largely explain why basal albumin rates were higher than in in vitro-treated cells. The effect of MET in the presence of the agonists exhibited the same agonist-specificity as in vitro. Our data provide new insights into the pharmacology of MET by showing that hepatic protein synthesis is increased by MET and INS. From the specificity of action of MET towards INS, @entity2 , and EGF (but not thyroxin or @entity1 ), we hypothesize that this @entity4 may act on intracellular pathways located between membrane receptors and sites of branching in the signaling cascades shared by these agonists.

title: XXXX induces an agonist-specific increase in albumin production by primary cultured @entity0 hepatocytes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 (MET) is known to increase several biological effects of insulin (INS), but there is no information concerning its direct effects on protein synthesis. We studied the action of MET on albumin production by primary cultures of freshly isolated @entity0 hepatocytes, alone or in combination with various agonists: INS, @entity2 , EGF, thyroxin, and @entity1 . While having no effect alone, MET in vitro potentiates the effects of INS, @entity2 , and EGF. When this increasing effect toward INS was studied over a broad concentration range, MET appeared to improve low-acting INS levels and to intensify the maximal INS effects. In contrast, MET did not change the production of albumin stimulated by thyroxin or @entity1 . Animals chronically pretreated with MET in vivo showed a higher yield of isolated hepatocytes, better attachment, and especially higher viability after liver perfusion and during cell culture. This may largely explain why basal albumin rates were higher than in in vitro-treated cells. The effect of MET in the presence of the agonists exhibited the same agonist-specificity as in vitro. Our data provide new insights into the pharmacology of MET by showing that hepatic protein synthesis is increased by MET and INS. From the specificity of action of MET towards INS, @entity2 , and EGF (but not thyroxin or @entity1 ), we hypothesize that this @entity4 may act on intracellular pathways located between membrane receptors and sites of branching in the signaling cascades shared by these agonists.

title: @entity3 induces an agonist-specific increase in albumin production by primary cultured XXXX hepatocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Puerto Ricans have higher lifetime and current @entity1 prevalence than other racial and ethnic groups in the United States. A great many Hispanics use ethnomedical therapies for @entity1 . This study elicited @entity0 knowledge of ethnomedical therapies, developed a typology of the therapies, and considered whether some types are used or deemed efficacious based, in part, on information source. METHODS: Eligible @entity0 were randomly selected from the medical records of an inner-city primary care clinic serving a predominantly Hispanic community in Buffalo, New York. Thirty adult Puerto Ricans who had @entity1 or were care-givers of @entity0 with @entity1 were interviewed in @entity0 using a semistructured instrument. Qualitative data analysis followed a content-driven immersion-crystallization approach. Outcome measures were ethnomedical treatments for @entity1 known to @entity0 , whether these treatments were used or perceived effective, and the @entity0 's information source about the treatment. RESULTS: @entity0 identified 75 ethnomedical treatments for @entity1 . Behavioral strategies were significantly more likely to be used or perceived effective compared with ingested and topical remedies (P <.001). Among information sources for ingested and topical remedies, those recommended by community members were significantly less likely to be used or perceived effective (P <.001) compared with other sources. CONCLUSIONS: This sample of Puerto Ricans with a regular source of medical care was significantly more likely to use or perceive as effective behavioral strategies compared with ingested and topical remedies. Allopathic clinicians should ask Puerto Rican @entity0 about their use of ethnomedical therapies for @entity1 to better understand their health beliefs and to integrate ethnomedical therapies with allopathic medicine.

title: Knowledge and use of ethnomedical treatments for XXXX among Puerto Ricans in an urban community.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 phosphofructokinase exhibits dramatic shifts in its circular dichroic spectra in the pH range 6 to 8. These shifts are quite distinct from those induced by the activators @entity2 and @entity7 . Concomitant with these pH-induced spectral shifts, the enzyme also displays changes in its allosteric behavior. Inorganic ions such as K+, @entity5 , @entity0 , and @entity6 also cause CD-spectral shifts similar to those produced by a change in pH. Based on the evidence derived from gel filtration and sedimentation equilibrium studies, the observed CD-spectral shifts are interpreted as due to conformational changes in the enzyme tetramer rather than due to a change in its aggregation state. Further, since the pK value of 6.4 obtained from pH dependence of increase in ellipticity at 210 nm agrees very well with the pK value of 6.8 for the loss of @entity1 inhibition due to modification of a @entity3 residue (G. S. J. Rao, B. A. Wariso, P. F. Cook, and B. G. Harris (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 14068-14073), it is concluded that a single @entity3 residue in the @entity1 -inhibitory site acts as a trigger for the structural changes accompanying @entity1 inhibition of the enzyme. This view is strongly supported by the observation that the enzyme desensitized to @entity1 inhibition by chemical modification of a @entity3 residue in the @entity1 -inhibitory site shows absolutely no change in its CD spectrum in the pH range 6 to 8. This study demonstrates that the mechanism of activation of phosphofructokinase at higher pH and by inorganic ions involves conformational transitions that are quite distinct from those induced by @entity2 and @entity7 . A scheme is presented that incorporates all of the different states of the enzyme dependent upon effectors and pH.

title: A pH-dependent allosteric transition in XXXX phosphofructokinase distinct from that observed with @entity7 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 phosphofructokinase exhibits dramatic shifts in its circular dichroic spectra in the pH range 6 to 8. These shifts are quite distinct from those induced by the activators @entity2 and @entity7 . Concomitant with these pH-induced spectral shifts, the enzyme also displays changes in its allosteric behavior. Inorganic ions such as K+, @entity5 , @entity0 , and @entity6 also cause CD-spectral shifts similar to those produced by a change in pH. Based on the evidence derived from gel filtration and sedimentation equilibrium studies, the observed CD-spectral shifts are interpreted as due to conformational changes in the enzyme tetramer rather than due to a change in its aggregation state. Further, since the pK value of 6.4 obtained from pH dependence of increase in ellipticity at 210 nm agrees very well with the pK value of 6.8 for the loss of @entity1 inhibition due to modification of a @entity3 residue (G. S. J. Rao, B. A. Wariso, P. F. Cook, and B. G. Harris (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 14068-14073), it is concluded that a single @entity3 residue in the @entity1 -inhibitory site acts as a trigger for the structural changes accompanying @entity1 inhibition of the enzyme. This view is strongly supported by the observation that the enzyme desensitized to @entity1 inhibition by chemical modification of a @entity3 residue in the @entity1 -inhibitory site shows absolutely no change in its CD spectrum in the pH range 6 to 8. This study demonstrates that the mechanism of activation of phosphofructokinase at higher pH and by inorganic ions involves conformational transitions that are quite distinct from those induced by @entity2 and @entity7 . A scheme is presented that incorporates all of the different states of the enzyme dependent upon effectors and pH.

title: A pH-dependent allosteric transition in @entity4 phosphofructokinase distinct from that observed with XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND AND DESIGN: Five percent to 10% of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) occur in a familial setting. Clinical, epidemiologic, and genetic studies of familial @entity4 in different regions of the world have led to various results. To assess the characteristics of familial @entity4 in France, the clinical, histologic, and epidemiologic characteristics of 295 @entity0 with @entity4 were recorded, and a comprehensive familial investigation was performed for each case. @entity0 with a family history of @entity4 were compared with nonfamilial cases. RESULTS: @entity2 occurred as a @entity1 in 22 (8%) of 295 @entity0 . Among the multiple variables studied, those significantly associated with the familial occurrence of @entity4 were red hair, inability to tan, and presence of clinically atypical moles. When these variables were considered together in a multivariate analysis, only the association with red hair (P = .001) and atypical moles (P < .05) remained significant. In addition, the @entity0 with @entity3 exhibited the following tendencies: a younger age at diagnosis, a higher number of moles, and the development of multiple primary @entity2 , but these results did not reach statistical significance. Factors relating to UV light exposure, histologic features of @entity4 , course of the disease, and occurrence of @entity1 showed a similar distribution between familial and nonfamilial cases. CONCLUSION: A familial investigation should be performed for each @entity0 with @entity4 in France, particularly when he or she exhibits phenotypic risk factors for @entity4 such as red hair and atypical moles.

title: Comparison between familial and nonfamilial XXXX in France.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the accuracy of pulmonary MR imaging with ultrashort echo time (UTE) for lung and mediastinum assessments using computed tomography (CT) as the reference standard, for various @entity3 . METHODS: Eight-five consecutive @entity0 (46 males: mean age, 69 years and 39 females: mean age, 69 years) with various @entity3 were examined with chest standard- and low-dose CTs and pulmonary MR imaging with UTE. This was followed by visual assessment using a 5-point system of the presence of nodules or masses, ground-glass opacity, micronodules, nodules, patchy shadow or consolidation, @entity6 or @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity2 , and honeycomb and traction @entity8 . Presence of @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity1 , and lymph adenopathy was also evaluated using a 5-point system. To compare the capability of the methods for lung parenchyma and mediastinum evaluation, intermethod agreement was evaluated by means of kappa statistics and   (2) test. Receiver operating characteristic analyses were used to compare diagnostic performance of all methods. RESULTS: Intermethod agreements between pulmonary MR imaging and standard-dose and low-dose CT were significant and either substantial or almost perfect (0.67    <=   k    <=   0.98; P   <   0.0001). Areas under the curve for @entity6 or @entity7 , @entity8 or traction @entity8 and @entity2 on standard-dose CT were significantly larger than those on low-dose CT ( @entity6 or @entity7 : P   =   0.0002; @entity2 : P   <   0.0001) and pulmonary MR imaging ( @entity6 or @entity7 : P   <   0.0001; @entity8 : P   =   0.008; @entity2 : P   <   0.0001). CONCLUSION: Pulmonary MR imaging with UTE is useful for lung and mediastinum assessment and evaluation of radiological findings for @entity0 with various @entity3 . J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015.

title: Pulmonary high-resolution ultrashort TE MR imaging: Comparison with thin-section standard- and low-dose computed tomography for the assessment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Liver resection, or pancreaticoduodenectomy, has traditionally been thought to have a high morbidity and mortality rate among the elderly. Recent improvements in surgical and anesthetic techniques, an increasing number of elderly @entity0 , and an increasing need to justify use of limited health care resources prompted an assessment of recent surgical outcomes. METHODS: Five hundred seventy-seven liver resections (July 1985-July 1994) performed for metastatic @entity2 and 488 pancreatic resections (October 1983-July 1994) performed for pancreatic @entity1 were identified in departmental data bases. Outcomes of @entity0 younger than age 70 years were compared with those of @entity0 age 70 years or older. RESULTS: Liver resection for 128 @entity0 age 70 years or older resulted in a 4% perioperative mortality rate and a 42% complication rate. Median hospital stay was 13 days, and 8% of the @entity0 required admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Median survival was 40 months, and the 5-year survival rate was 35%. No differences were found between results for the elderly and those for younger @entity0 who had undergone liver resection, except for a minimally shorter hospital stay for the younger @entity0 (median, 12 days vs. 13 days; p = 0.003). Pancreatic resection for 138 elderly @entity0 resulted in a mortality rate of 6% and a complication rate of 45%. Median stay was 20 days, and 19% of the @entity0 required ICU admission, results identical to those for the younger cohort. Long-term survival was poorer for the elderly @entity0 , with a 5-year survival rate of 21% compared with 29% for the younger cohort (p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Major liver or pancreatic resections can be performed for the elderly with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates and possible long-term survival. Chronological age alone is not a contraindication to liver or pancreatic resection for @entity1 .

title: Pancreatic or liver resection for XXXX is safe and effective for the elderly.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) were compared in a @entity1 pharmacokinetic study. Eight healthy subjects received single 600-mg oral doses of two different sustained-release @entity1 formulations. Fourteen blood samples were collected over 57 h after each dose, and the serum was analyzed for @entity1 using both @entity0 and FPIA methods. In comparing the two formulations using @entity0 , there was no statistical difference in the area under the curve (AUC), terminal rate constant (k), or time of peak. However, there was a 13% difference in peak @entity1 concentration (p less than 0.05). The same statistical conclusions were made for all parameters when using FPIA. When comparing the kinetic parameters determined with each assay, the AUC was 12% greater and the k was 17% smaller with FPIA (p less than 0.05). Orthogonal regression of all serum @entity1 concentrations showed that FPIA = 1.04 @entity0 + 0.20; r = 0.987, p less than 0.001. Stratification of serum @entity1 concentrations into different ranges showed that FPIA overestimated the @entity0 results in each range, but the percentage of overestimation was greater at lower concentrations (p less than 0.05). The use of FPIA seems appropriate in comparative studies of @entity1 pharmacokinetics; however, the calculated kinetic parameters may differ slightly from those obtained with @entity0 .

title: Comparison of high pressure liquid chromatography and fluorescence polarization immunoassay methods in a XXXX pharmacokinetic study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recently, the use of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and the development of laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS) have enabled either the preservation of the stomach or the minimization of the extent of partial resection. ESD has recently been practiced on a differentiated type of @entity3 . However, there is no clear evidence for endoscopic treatments of undifferentiated @entity3 . The purposes of this study are to investigate predictive factors of lymph node @entity1 (LNM) in undifferentiated @entity3 and expand the possibility  of using LECS for the treatment of undifferentiated @entity3 . METHODS: Data from 116 @entity0 with undifferentiated @entity3 and surgically treated were collected, and the association between the clinicopathological factors and the presence of LNM was retrospectively analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. Odds ratios (OR) with 95  % confidence interval (95  % CI) were calculated. RESULTS: The @entity2 size (OR   =   11.748, 95  % CI 2.034-62.213, P   =   0.008), depth of invasion (OR   =   13.928, 95  % CI 1.971-92.434, P   =   0.016), and lymphatic vessel involvement (OR   =   11.522, 95  % CI 2.645-59.172, P   =   0.021) that were significantly associated with LNM by univariate analysis were found to be significant and independent risk factors for LNM by multivariate analysis. The LNM rate was 5.9  % (4/68) and 29.2  % (14/48) with intramucosal and submucosal undifferentiated @entity3 , respectively. LNM was observed in 66.7  % (2/3) of @entity0 with both risk factors ( @entity2 larger than or equal to 2.0  cm and the presence of lymphatic vessel involvement (LVI)), but in none of 36 @entity0 without the two risk factors in intramucosal undifferentiated @entity3 . The 5-year survival rates were 88.9, 72.4, and 33.3  %, respectively, in cases with none, one, and two of the risk factors, respectively, in intramucosal undifferentiated @entity3 (P   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ESD alone may be a sufficient treatment for intramucosal undifferentiated @entity3 if the @entity2 is less than 2.0  cm in size and when LVI is absent upon postoperative histological examination. LECS is feasible and safe for @entity0 with undifferentiated @entity3 .

title: Defining a Subgroup Treatable for Laparoscopic and Endoscopic Cooperative Surgery in Undifferentiated Early Gastric Cancer: the Role of Lymph Node XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the classification, clinical behavior, and appropriate therapy for @entity3 . We examined @entity0 demographics, clinical parameters, preoperative imaging modalities, histologic findings, and @entity1 DNA content to determine which best predict outcome. DESIGN: Case series and survey of pathologic specimens. SETTING: Tertiary care center. @entity0 : Twenty-two @entity0 with @entity3 treated at affiliates of Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Ill. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Predictive value of preoperative testing, @entity1 DNA content, @entity0 survival. RESULTS: In 20 @entity0 undergoing computed tomographic scan, the @entity1 was visualized in every case. All other imaging studies evaluated were less likely to demonstrate the lesion. Eight of 10 @entity0 with @entity7 were alive with no evidence of disease at the time of this report; one @entity0 was alive with local recurrence, and a second @entity0 had died of unrelated causes. All @entity0 with @entity6 were alive with no evidence of disease. Three of seven @entity0 with @entity5 had @entity4 , high S-phase @entity1 , and one had a diploid, high S-phase @entity1 ; all four died (mean survival, 4.8 months). Two @entity0 with @entity5 had diploid, low S-phase @entity1 ; both were long-term survivors but died of their disease at 8.6 and 9.3 years. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Computed tomographic scan is the most valuable diagnostic imaging study for preoperative evaluation of these @entity0 . (2) Precise preoperative determination of @entity1 type is not possible. (3) DNA flow cytometry may help identify @entity0 with @entity2 who may benefit from adjuvant chemoradiation.

title: XXXX of the pancreas. A clinicopathologic study, including DNA flow cytometry.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Subepicardial delayed @entity5 enhancement (DGE) patches without underlying @entity1 is poorly understood. It is often reported as the result of prior silent @entity6 . Its prognostic relevance in asymptomatic athletes is unknown; therefore, medical clearance for competitive sports participation is debated. This case series aims to relate this pattern of DGE in athletes to outcome. METHODS: We report on seven young asymptomatic athletes with isolated @entity7 detected during workup of abnormalities on their regular screening examination, that is, pathological T-wave inversions on ECG (n=4) or @entity2 on exercise test (n=3). All underwent a comprehensive initial investigation in order to assess left ventricular (LV) function at rest and exercise (exercise cardiac MRI and/or exercise echocardiography) and occurrence of @entity2 (exercise test, 24   h-ECG Holter, electrophysiological study). All underwent a careful follow-up with biannual evaluation. RESULTS: All athletes had extensive @entity7 (12.0  4.8% of LV mass), predominantly in the lateral wall. Three athletes had non-sustained @entity2 , whereas two of them had LV ejection fraction <50% at rest with no contractile reserve at exercise. During a follow-up of 3.0  1.5   years in the four remaining athletes, two had symptomatic @entity4 and one demonstrated progressive @entity3 . Hence, six of seven athletes had to be excluded from competitive sports participation. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated large areas of @entity7 in an asymptomatic athlete are not benign and require a careful evaluation at exercise and a strict follow-up. These findings question whether extreme exercise during silent @entity6 may facilitate @entity0 generation and adverse remodelling.

title: Subepicardial delayed XXXX enhancement in asymptomatic athletes: let sleeping dogs lie?

answer: @entity5


abstract: Frequencies and morphological and chronological distributions of @entity2 are presented by tooth type (permanent I1 to M2s), based on a sample of 30 prehistoric Amerindians with complete and unworn dentitions. There is nearly a tenfold variation in frequency of defects by tooth, ranging from 0.13 per mandibular second molar to 1.27 per maxillary central incisor. The six anterior teeth average between 0.70 and 1.27 defects/tooth, whereas the eight posterior teeth average between 0.43 and 0.13 defects/tooth. Earlier developing teeth, such as incisors, have earlier peak frequencies of defects (2.0-2.5 years), while later developing teeth, such as second molars, have subsequent peak frequencies (5.0-6.0 years). These variations are relevant when comparing @entity0 data based on different teeth. Differences in @entity0 frequencies among teeth are not solely due to variation in time of crown development, as is usually reported. Rather, there is evidence for biological gradients in susceptibility to ameloblastic disruption. @entity1 are more hypoplastic than posterior teeth. More developmentally stable "polar" teeth are more hypoplastic than surrounding teeth. Polar teeth may be more susceptible to @entity0 because their developmental timing is less easily disrupted. In all teeth, @entity0 are most common in the middle and cervical thirds. Crown development and morphological factors, such as enamel prism length and direction, may influence the development and expression of enamel surface defects.

title: Factors affecting the distribution of XXXX within the human permanent dentition.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 account for only 3% of all @entity1 of the head and neck area, but as they represent a wide variety of histological types, they are a big diagnostic challenge. The cornerstone of @entity4 treatment, both for the benign and malignant lesions, is surgery. The main goal of the therapy is not only to achieve complete surgical @entity1 resection, but also to preserve adjacent structures (facial nerve, parapharyngeal space structures). Ultrasonography is an examination commonly used in the preoperative diagnosis of the lesions localized within salivary glands. Very often it is the only diagnostic imaging method used in these cases. The aim of the study was to establish diagnostic value of US examination and its parameters for the assessment of @entity1 . A prospective study was performed on a group of 51 @entity0 with @entity3 , who over a period of 3 years underwent surgery in Otolaryngology and Laryngological Oncology Department with Craniomaxillofacial Surgery Department of Central Clinical Hospital of Ministry of Defence in Warsaw. All the included @entity0 underwent US examination in the preoperative period. The parameters selected for the assessment were: ill-defined @entity1 margins, @entity1 vascularity and the presence of enlarged regional lymph nodes. The results of imaging examination were compared to the final diagnosis based on pathological examination of the surgical specimen. The parameters of the US examination such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value ( @entity2 ), and negative predictive value (NPV) for the evaluation of @entity1 were established based on the examination results. An analysis was performed and ill-defined @entity1 margins turned out to be a US parameter with higher diagnostic value for differentiating benign and malignant lesions than @entity1 vascularity. The presence of enlarged regional lymph nodes with blurred echostructure on the US examination had little value for differentiating lesions. The sensitivity of the US examination in terms of detecting @entity1 increased significantly in the setting of simultaneous assessment of several parameters.

title: US in preoperative evaluation of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We have statistically analysed the distribution of @entity4 and dinucleotides in 21 genes of the 81% A + T-rich @entity0 @entity1 parasite @entity5 . The mRNA-synonymous strands of this protozoan show in general a marked excess of purines over @entity6 , correlated with abnormally high levels of Lys and @entity2 . We have used the large differences in base composition between coding and non-coding regions to estimate that the parasite possesses in the range of 2700-5400 genes. The dinucleotide preference patterns are compared with consensus patterns derived from other organisms [Nussinov, Nucl. Acids Res. 12 (1984) 1749-1763]. Patterns in the coding regions surprisingly resemble those of higher, rather than lower eukaryotes, particularly with respect to TG elevation and CG suppression. The latter is correlated with an abnormally low level of @entity3 in these parasites. In the non-coding regions, the four dinucleotides made up of C and/or G are found with significantly higher frequencies than expected (approx. 50-150%), specifically to the 5' side of the coding regions. The possible role of these dinucleotides in control sequences is discussed.

title: Anomalous dinucleotide frequencies in both coding and non-coding regions from the genome of the @entity0 @entity1 parasite XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: We have statistically analysed the distribution of @entity4 and dinucleotides in 21 genes of the 81% A + T-rich @entity0 @entity1 parasite @entity5 . The mRNA-synonymous strands of this protozoan show in general a marked excess of purines over @entity6 , correlated with abnormally high levels of Lys and @entity2 . We have used the large differences in base composition between coding and non-coding regions to estimate that the parasite possesses in the range of 2700-5400 genes. The dinucleotide preference patterns are compared with consensus patterns derived from other organisms [Nussinov, Nucl. Acids Res. 12 (1984) 1749-1763]. Patterns in the coding regions surprisingly resemble those of higher, rather than lower eukaryotes, particularly with respect to TG elevation and CG suppression. The latter is correlated with an abnormally low level of @entity3 in these parasites. In the non-coding regions, the four dinucleotides made up of C and/or G are found with significantly higher frequencies than expected (approx. 50-150%), specifically to the 5' side of the coding regions. The possible role of these dinucleotides in control sequences is discussed.

title: Anomalous dinucleotide frequencies in both coding and non-coding regions from the genome of the @entity0 XXXX parasite @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have statistically analysed the distribution of @entity4 and dinucleotides in 21 genes of the 81% A + T-rich @entity0 @entity1 parasite @entity5 . The mRNA-synonymous strands of this protozoan show in general a marked excess of purines over @entity6 , correlated with abnormally high levels of Lys and @entity2 . We have used the large differences in base composition between coding and non-coding regions to estimate that the parasite possesses in the range of 2700-5400 genes. The dinucleotide preference patterns are compared with consensus patterns derived from other organisms [Nussinov, Nucl. Acids Res. 12 (1984) 1749-1763]. Patterns in the coding regions surprisingly resemble those of higher, rather than lower eukaryotes, particularly with respect to TG elevation and CG suppression. The latter is correlated with an abnormally low level of @entity3 in these parasites. In the non-coding regions, the four dinucleotides made up of C and/or G are found with significantly higher frequencies than expected (approx. 50-150%), specifically to the 5' side of the coding regions. The possible role of these dinucleotides in control sequences is discussed.

title: Anomalous dinucleotide frequencies in both coding and non-coding regions from the genome of the XXXX @entity1 parasite @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether smoking is a risk factor for female @entity1 (FSD) and to determine the relationship between the cumulative smoking dose and FSD in premenopausal @entity0 . METHODS: The study population consisted of sexually active premenopausal @entity0 . The frequency of FSD and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) total score were evaluated according to the smoking status (never/former and current smokers). Evaluation of sexual function was done using @entity2 questionnaire, and @entity0 with @entity2 score of  <=26.55 were considered to have FSD. In current smokers, sexual function was also evaluated according to the cumulative smoking dose and @entity3 dependency. RESULTS: A total of 900 @entity0 were included, and the frequency of current smokers and the frequency of FSD were 62 (6.9%) and 496 (55.1%), respectively. In current smokers, the frequency of FSD was significantly higher and the median total @entity2 score was significantly lower than in never/former smokers, and this difference of FSD remained significant after adjustment for confounding variables. Among current smokers, the cumulative smoking dose (pack-years) and the total @entity2 score showed negative correlation, in which increased cumulative smoking dose was associated with lower total @entity2 score (r=-0.278, P<0.05). In terms of @entity3 dependency, the total @entity2 score of moderately to heavily @entity3 dependent smokers was significantly lower than that of lightly dependent smokers. CONCLUSION: In premenopausal @entity0 , current smoking was an independent risk factor for FSD. And cumulative smoking dose and @entity3 dependency were associated with higher risk of FSD.

title: Dose-response relationship between cigarette smoking and female XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Prostacyclin (PGI2) production and platelet adhesion were studied in veins grafted into the arterial system of @entity0 . Animal groups consisted of: no treatment; low dose @entity1 ( @entity3 ) (0.5 mg . kg-1 X 24 h-1) plus @entity5 (2 mg . kg-1 X 6 h-1); high dose @entity3 (40 mg . kg-1 X 24 h-1) plus @entity5 (2 mg . kg-1 X 6 h-1); @entity5 (2 mg . kg-1 X 6 h-1) alone. Results showed that vein grafts from animals treated with high dose @entity3 plus @entity5 produced significantly less PGI2 than the other three groups (p less than 0.05 compared with the @entity5 group; p less than 0.01 compared with the other two groups). In addition, there was significantly greater platelet deposition on the vein grafts from this high dose @entity3 group as compared to the low dose @entity3 group (p less than 0.05). By contrast, animals treated with @entity5 alone had significantly less platelet deposition compared to both the control and high dose @entity3 groups (p less than 0.05). High dose @entity3 given to prevent @entity2 following coronary artery bypass grafting may, by reducing PGI2, result in enhanced platelet deposition. This in turn is likely to @entity4 as has been demonstrated previously with high dose @entity3 . Clinical studies, which have shown the early anti-thrombotic benefits of high dose @entity3 plus @entity5 , have not measured graft intimal thickness. Since this process is an important cause of graft narrowing, @entity3 , in high dose, may adversely affect long-term graft survival.

title: Adverse effects of high dose XXXX on platelet adhesion to experimental autogenous vein grafts.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is a @entity1 caused by mutations in the @entity3 gene [1,2]. We encountered a @entity0 heterozygous for a known pathogenic @entity4 mutation and a novel @entity5 variant of unknown significance [3]. Reminiscent of @entity0 with the @entity6 mutation, our @entity0 had loss of @entity3 enzyme activity in erythrocytes but a very mild clinical phenotype [3-8]. We performed splicing experiments and computational structural analyses to investigate the role of the novel @entity5 variant. Alamut software data predicted loss of splicing enhancers for the @entity5 and @entity6 mutations [9,10]. A cDNA library was generated from our @entity0 * s RNA to investigate for splicing errors, but no change in transcript length was seen [3]. In silico structural analysis was performed to investigate enzyme stability and attempt to understand the mechanism of the @entity2 phenotype. Stability results are publicly available in the @entity3 Protein Database 2.0 [11-14]. Animations were created to give the reader a dynamic view of the enzyme structure and mutation locations. Protein database files and python scripts are included for further investigation.

title: Biochemical and computational analyses of two phenotypically related @entity3 mutations ( @entity5 and @entity6 ) that XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is a @entity1 caused by mutations in the @entity3 gene [1,2]. We encountered a @entity0 heterozygous for a known pathogenic @entity4 mutation and a novel @entity5 variant of unknown significance [3]. Reminiscent of @entity0 with the @entity6 mutation, our @entity0 had loss of @entity3 enzyme activity in erythrocytes but a very mild clinical phenotype [3-8]. We performed splicing experiments and computational structural analyses to investigate the role of the novel @entity5 variant. Alamut software data predicted loss of splicing enhancers for the @entity5 and @entity6 mutations [9,10]. A cDNA library was generated from our @entity0 * s RNA to investigate for splicing errors, but no change in transcript length was seen [3]. In silico structural analysis was performed to investigate enzyme stability and attempt to understand the mechanism of the @entity2 phenotype. Stability results are publicly available in the @entity3 Protein Database 2.0 [11-14]. Animations were created to give the reader a dynamic view of the enzyme structure and mutation locations. Protein database files and python scripts are included for further investigation.

title: Biochemical and computational analyses of two phenotypically related XXXX mutations ( @entity5 and @entity6 ) that @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is a @entity1 caused by mutations in the @entity3 gene [1,2]. We encountered a @entity0 heterozygous for a known pathogenic @entity4 mutation and a novel @entity5 variant of unknown significance [3]. Reminiscent of @entity0 with the @entity6 mutation, our @entity0 had loss of @entity3 enzyme activity in erythrocytes but a very mild clinical phenotype [3-8]. We performed splicing experiments and computational structural analyses to investigate the role of the novel @entity5 variant. Alamut software data predicted loss of splicing enhancers for the @entity5 and @entity6 mutations [9,10]. A cDNA library was generated from our @entity0 * s RNA to investigate for splicing errors, but no change in transcript length was seen [3]. In silico structural analysis was performed to investigate enzyme stability and attempt to understand the mechanism of the @entity2 phenotype. Stability results are publicly available in the @entity3 Protein Database 2.0 [11-14]. Animations were created to give the reader a dynamic view of the enzyme structure and mutation locations. Protein database files and python scripts are included for further investigation.

title: Biochemical and computational analyses of two phenotypically related @entity3 mutations ( @entity5 and XXXX ) that @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is a @entity1 caused by mutations in the @entity3 gene [1,2]. We encountered a @entity0 heterozygous for a known pathogenic @entity4 mutation and a novel @entity5 variant of unknown significance [3]. Reminiscent of @entity0 with the @entity6 mutation, our @entity0 had loss of @entity3 enzyme activity in erythrocytes but a very mild clinical phenotype [3-8]. We performed splicing experiments and computational structural analyses to investigate the role of the novel @entity5 variant. Alamut software data predicted loss of splicing enhancers for the @entity5 and @entity6 mutations [9,10]. A cDNA library was generated from our @entity0 * s RNA to investigate for splicing errors, but no change in transcript length was seen [3]. In silico structural analysis was performed to investigate enzyme stability and attempt to understand the mechanism of the @entity2 phenotype. Stability results are publicly available in the @entity3 Protein Database 2.0 [11-14]. Animations were created to give the reader a dynamic view of the enzyme structure and mutation locations. Protein database files and python scripts are included for further investigation.

title: Biochemical and computational analyses of two phenotypically related @entity3 mutations ( XXXX and @entity6 ) that @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The authors report a series of 53 bedridden @entity0 having harmful @entity4 in one (6) or both (47) lower limb(s) and treated with selective posterior rhizotomy (SPR) in the dorsal root entry zone (DREZ). This severe @entity4 was associated with @entity6 in 49 cases and hyperextension in 3 others. 37 of these @entity0 also had @entity2 manifestations. The method was introduced in 1972 on the basis of anatomical studies of the DREZ in @entity0 which showed a topographical segregation of the afferent roots according to their anatomico-functional destinations. The technique consists of a 2 mm deep DREZ microsurgical cut directed at a 45 degree angle into the posterior lateral sulcus just ventral to DREZ and Lissauer's tract of the spinal cord. The procedure was carried out at each sensory rootlet considered to be responsible for the harmful @entity4 and @entity2 . SPR interrupts selectively the lateral nociceptive and central myotactic afferent fibers curving toward Lissauer's tract and the anterior spinal cord, while sparing most of the medial lemniscal fibers curving toward the dorsal columns, as well as the fibers of the inhibitory circuitry of Lissauer's tract and dorsal horn. The results were evaluated after a 1 to 14 year follow-up. Mild to severe complications occurred in 25 @entity0 (47.1%) and were responsible for @entity3 in 5 (9.4%). Both @entity4 and @entity7 were significantly decreased or completely eliminated in 75% and 88.2% respectively; when present, @entity2 was relieved without a total suppression of sensation in 91.6%. These benefits-combined with complementary orthopedic surgery in 23 @entity0 --resulted in either a complete resolution or marked reduction of the abnormal postures and articular limitations (85.2% complete and 96.75 marked reduction). Because of the extreme severity of the pre-operative @entity1 in almost all the @entity0 in this series, surgery improved @entity5 with a significant functional benefit in only 5 cases and vesico-sphincter function in none. Thanks to its valuable effects on hyperspasticity and @entity2 , SPR in the DREZ made it possible for these very disable @entity0 to be more comfortable in bed and wheel-chair and it allowed effective nursing and kinesitherapy to be resumed.

title: [Selective posterior rhizotomy at the posterior radiculomedullary junction in the treatment of hyperspasticity and XXXX in the lower limbs].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 , the loss of muscle mass and strength, is associated adversely with disability, morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological findings suggest influences operating across the life course may be important. Our aim was to ascertain the feasibility and acceptability of obtaining muscle tissue from healthy older @entity0 in order to ultimately identify cellular mechanisms underlying life course influences on @entity2 . METHODS: 105 @entity0 with documented birth weight consented to detailed assessment of muscle mass and strength, and a biopsy of the vastus lateralis using the Weil-Blakesley conchotome. Acceptability was ascertained by questionnaire and a 100 mm @entity1 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). 100 mm indicated severe @entity1 . RESULTS: Muscle biopsy was successfully carried out in 102 out of 105 @entity0 , mean yield 107 mg (range 20-290 mg). There were no serious wound complications. Ninety-three @entity0 completed feedback questionnaires. The median @entity1 VAS score during the procedure was 7 mm (Interquartile range [IQR] 1-34), 4 mm (IQR 0-16) one day after the procedure and 1mm (IQR 0-4) 7 days after the procedure. 60 (65%) @entity0 were back to their normal levels of activity one day after the procedure. 85 (91%) found this procedure acceptable and would have the procedure again. CONCLUSION: Muscle biopsy using a Weil-Blakesley conchotome is both feasible and acceptable in community dwelling older @entity0 participating in epidemiological research. The excellent yield of biopsy tissue will allow morphological and molecular studies of muscle to be integrated into an epidemiological study facilitating investigation of the mechanisms underpinning @entity2 that could potentially be altered by life course influences.

title: The feasibility and acceptability of muscle biopsy in epidemiological studies: findings from the XXXX ( @entity2 ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 , the loss of muscle mass and strength, is associated adversely with disability, morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological findings suggest influences operating across the life course may be important. Our aim was to ascertain the feasibility and acceptability of obtaining muscle tissue from healthy older @entity0 in order to ultimately identify cellular mechanisms underlying life course influences on @entity2 . METHODS: 105 @entity0 with documented birth weight consented to detailed assessment of muscle mass and strength, and a biopsy of the vastus lateralis using the Weil-Blakesley conchotome. Acceptability was ascertained by questionnaire and a 100 mm @entity1 Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). 100 mm indicated severe @entity1 . RESULTS: Muscle biopsy was successfully carried out in 102 out of 105 @entity0 , mean yield 107 mg (range 20-290 mg). There were no serious wound complications. Ninety-three @entity0 completed feedback questionnaires. The median @entity1 VAS score during the procedure was 7 mm (Interquartile range [IQR] 1-34), 4 mm (IQR 0-16) one day after the procedure and 1mm (IQR 0-4) 7 days after the procedure. 60 (65%) @entity0 were back to their normal levels of activity one day after the procedure. 85 (91%) found this procedure acceptable and would have the procedure again. CONCLUSION: Muscle biopsy using a Weil-Blakesley conchotome is both feasible and acceptable in community dwelling older @entity0 participating in epidemiological research. The excellent yield of biopsy tissue will allow morphological and molecular studies of muscle to be integrated into an epidemiological study facilitating investigation of the mechanisms underpinning @entity2 that could potentially be altered by life course influences.

title: The feasibility and acceptability of muscle biopsy in epidemiological studies: findings from the @entity2 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is widely used to prevent and treat prematurity-associated @entity1 . AIMS: The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of @entity2 on the neural control of breathing, especially central @entity1 , in premature @entity0 . STUDY DESIGN: Preterm @entity0 were evaluated for 30min before and 30min after @entity2 loading (20mg/kg). A feeding tube including miniaturized sensors was used to measure the diaphragm electrical activity (Edi) waveform. Central @entity1 was defined as any period where the Edi waveform was flat for >5s. SUBJECTS: Seventeen preterm @entity0 with a mean age of three days and mean birth weight of 900 grams were evaluated. OUTCOME MEASURES: In addition to central @entity1 , several parameters including neural inspiratory time, neural respiratory rate, peak Edi, delta inspiratory change in Edi (phasic Edi) and minimum Edi on exhalation were measured. RESULTS: The majority of the @entity1 were short (5 to 10s) and the number of @entity1 correlated with birth weight (p=0.039). @entity2 reduced significantly the number of 5-to-10-second-long central @entity1 during the 30-minute periods (12  11 to 7  7; p=0.02). @entity2 increased both peak and phasic Edi leading to a significant increase in the diaphragm energy expenditure. CONCLUSIONS: Edi signal can be reliably measured and processed to study changes in premature @entity0 ' neural breathing. The beneficial effect of @entity2 on the reduction of the number of @entity1 is mediated through stimulated neural breathing increasing the diaphragm energy expenditure.

title: The effect of XXXX on neural breathing pattern in preterm @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is widely used to prevent and treat prematurity-associated @entity1 . AIMS: The aim of this study was to characterize the effect of @entity2 on the neural control of breathing, especially central @entity1 , in premature @entity0 . STUDY DESIGN: Preterm @entity0 were evaluated for 30min before and 30min after @entity2 loading (20mg/kg). A feeding tube including miniaturized sensors was used to measure the diaphragm electrical activity (Edi) waveform. Central @entity1 was defined as any period where the Edi waveform was flat for >5s. SUBJECTS: Seventeen preterm @entity0 with a mean age of three days and mean birth weight of 900 grams were evaluated. OUTCOME MEASURES: In addition to central @entity1 , several parameters including neural inspiratory time, neural respiratory rate, peak Edi, delta inspiratory change in Edi (phasic Edi) and minimum Edi on exhalation were measured. RESULTS: The majority of the @entity1 were short (5 to 10s) and the number of @entity1 correlated with birth weight (p=0.039). @entity2 reduced significantly the number of 5-to-10-second-long central @entity1 during the 30-minute periods (12  11 to 7  7; p=0.02). @entity2 increased both peak and phasic Edi leading to a significant increase in the diaphragm energy expenditure. CONCLUSIONS: Edi signal can be reliably measured and processed to study changes in premature @entity0 ' neural breathing. The beneficial effect of @entity2 on the reduction of the number of @entity1 is mediated through stimulated neural breathing increasing the diaphragm energy expenditure.

title: The effect of @entity2 on neural breathing pattern in preterm XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the surgical technique, initial results, and overview indications of thoracoscopic repair of @entity7 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A retrospective review was undertaken of @entity0 with @entity8 who underwent thoracoscopic repair from January 2006 to July 2010, in department of pediatric surgery in a tertiary care institute in India. @entity0 underwent surgery under general anesthesia. Reduction of the @entity6 contents was carried out using one trocar for telescope and two operating trocars. @entity4 with @entity5 was maintained at a pressure of 6-10 mmHg. The @entity2 was repaired using nonabsorbable interrupted sutures. RESULTS: There were 17 @entity0 , including 12 @entity0 and 5 @entity0 . Among 12 @entity0 , there were 6 @entity0 younger than 30 days. The other 5 @entity0 were older than 1 year. The @entity6 was located in the left side in 14 @entity0 and in the right side in 3 @entity0 . The mean operative time was 110 min. Conversion was required in three @entity0 . There were one recurrence and one @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Thoracoscopic repair is feasible and safe for @entity0 with @entity8 , including selective newborn. The technique causes minimal @entity1 , results in good respiratory function, and promotes early recovery.

title: Early experience with thoracoscopic repair of congenital XXXX in pediatric age group: results and lessons learned.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the perinatal outcome of prenatally diagnosed @entity4 . METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study of all cases of prenatally diagnosed @entity4 referred to a major tertiary fetal medicine unit. Cases were identified from the fetal medicine and obstetric databases and pregnancy details and delivery outcome data obtained. Details of termination of pregnancy, number of @entity0 undergoing karyotyping as well as details of prenatal classification of severity were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 174 cases were identified. Of these, outcome data was available for 88.5% (154/174) of the pregnancies. Eighty three (47.7%) of cases were isolated and 91 cases (52.3%) were associated with additional abnormalities. There was a significant difference in birth weights between the two cohorts. @entity1 tended to be more severe. A high caesarean section rate was noted overall and a high @entity3 rate seen in the isolated group. CONCLUSION: This study is important because it provides contemporary data that can be used to counsel @entity0 prenatally. In particular, the raised risk of @entity3 and caesarean section as well as the increased severity of the condition when both feet are affected should be discussed. The poor perinatal outcome when additional anomalies are present and the increased risk of @entity2 are also important factors.

title: Perinatal outcome of prenatally diagnosed XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Cultured @entity0 synovial fibroblasts express mRNA for the chemotactic cytokines (chemokines) @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and presumably secreted ( @entity9 ), when stimulated with @entity6 or @entity1 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity2 ). @entity10 , a potent type 1/2A protein @entity3 / @entity7 phosphatase inhibitor, was used to examine the role of protein phosphatases in the regulation of chemokine gene expression. @entity10 (1 nM) mimicked @entity6 by inducing @entity5 and @entity8 mRNA expression in synovial cells. @entity5 mRNA was induced over a similar time period (1-6 h) in response to @entity6 or @entity10 , whereas @entity8 mRNA was induced more rapidly (1-2 h) by @entity10 than by @entity6 (4-6 h). Expression of @entity9 mRNA occurred in response to @entity2 , but could not be induced by stimulation with @entity10 alone. These results suggest that inhibition of protein phosphatase type 1/2A may have a differential role in the regulation of the expression of each of the chemokine genes. Synovial fibroblasts also secreted @entity5 and @entity4 peptide when stimulated with either @entity6 / @entity2 or @entity10 . The amount of @entity5 and @entity4 peptide produced in response to @entity10 was significantly increased above that produced by untreated synovial cells, though it was much less than the amount induced by @entity6 or @entity2 . @entity10 also acted synergistically with @entity6 or @entity2 to cause a 2-fold potentiation of @entity6 - or @entity2 -induced @entity5 mRNA and peptide and @entity9 mRNA expression. These results suggest that although inhibition of a protein phosphatase may be able to regulate the magnitude of @entity6 -induced chemokine gene expression, the @entity6 signal transduction pathway involves components in addition to phosphatase inhibition, possibly including the activation of a protein kinase, the action of which may be opposed by a protein phosphatase inhibited by @entity10 .

title: The protein phosphatase inhibitor XXXX stimulates chemokine production by @entity0 synovial cells.

answer: @entity10


abstract: Cultured @entity0 synovial fibroblasts express mRNA for the chemotactic cytokines (chemokines) @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and regulated upon activation normal T-cell expressed and presumably secreted ( @entity9 ), when stimulated with @entity6 or @entity1 necrosis factor alpha ( @entity2 ). @entity10 , a potent type 1/2A protein @entity3 / @entity7 phosphatase inhibitor, was used to examine the role of protein phosphatases in the regulation of chemokine gene expression. @entity10 (1 nM) mimicked @entity6 by inducing @entity5 and @entity8 mRNA expression in synovial cells. @entity5 mRNA was induced over a similar time period (1-6 h) in response to @entity6 or @entity10 , whereas @entity8 mRNA was induced more rapidly (1-2 h) by @entity10 than by @entity6 (4-6 h). Expression of @entity9 mRNA occurred in response to @entity2 , but could not be induced by stimulation with @entity10 alone. These results suggest that inhibition of protein phosphatase type 1/2A may have a differential role in the regulation of the expression of each of the chemokine genes. Synovial fibroblasts also secreted @entity5 and @entity4 peptide when stimulated with either @entity6 / @entity2 or @entity10 . The amount of @entity5 and @entity4 peptide produced in response to @entity10 was significantly increased above that produced by untreated synovial cells, though it was much less than the amount induced by @entity6 or @entity2 . @entity10 also acted synergistically with @entity6 or @entity2 to cause a 2-fold potentiation of @entity6 - or @entity2 -induced @entity5 mRNA and peptide and @entity9 mRNA expression. These results suggest that although inhibition of a protein phosphatase may be able to regulate the magnitude of @entity6 -induced chemokine gene expression, the @entity6 signal transduction pathway involves components in addition to phosphatase inhibition, possibly including the activation of a protein kinase, the action of which may be opposed by a protein phosphatase inhibited by @entity10 .

title: The protein phosphatase inhibitor @entity10 stimulates chemokine production by XXXX synovial cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Abnormalities in cell cycle progression provide unlimited replicative potential to @entity1 cells, and therefore targeting of key cell cycle regulators could be a sound @entity1 chemopreventive strategy. Earlier, we found that @entity7 ( @entity7 ) increases @entity9 / @entity4 protein level and inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in @entity0 @entity2 HT29 cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism of @entity7 -induced @entity4 upregulation and its role in biological efficacy of @entity7 are not known, which were investigated here. @entity7 treatment of HT29 cells resulted in a strong dose- and time-dependent phosphorylation of @entity8 ( @entity5 ), consistent with @entity4 induction. The inhibition of sustained @entity5 activation by @entity7 using pharmacological inhibitors abrogated @entity7 -induced @entity4 upregulation. Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with @entity3 inhibited @entity7 -induced @entity5 phosphorylation as well as @entity4 upregulation, suggesting the involvement of @entity7 -induced oxidative stress as an upstream event. Consistent with this, @entity7 also decreased intracellular level of reduced @entity6 . Next, we determined whether @entity7 -induced signaling regulates @entity4 expression at transcriptional and/or translational levels. @entity7 was found to increase the stability of @entity4 message with resultant increase in @entity4 protein level, but it did not alter the protein stability to a great extent. Importantly, knock-down of @entity4 abrogated @entity7 -induced G(1) arrest suggesting that @entity4 induction by @entity7 is essential for its G(1) arrest effect. Together, our results for the first time identify a central role of @entity4 induction and associated mechanism in @entity7 -induced cell cycle arrest in HT29 cells.

title: Grape seed extract upregulates XXXX ( @entity4 ) through redox-mediated activation of @entity5 and posttranscriptional regulation leading to cell cycle arrest in @entity2 HT29 cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Abnormalities in cell cycle progression provide unlimited replicative potential to @entity1 cells, and therefore targeting of key cell cycle regulators could be a sound @entity1 chemopreventive strategy. Earlier, we found that @entity7 ( @entity7 ) increases @entity9 / @entity4 protein level and inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in @entity0 @entity2 HT29 cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism of @entity7 -induced @entity4 upregulation and its role in biological efficacy of @entity7 are not known, which were investigated here. @entity7 treatment of HT29 cells resulted in a strong dose- and time-dependent phosphorylation of @entity8 ( @entity5 ), consistent with @entity4 induction. The inhibition of sustained @entity5 activation by @entity7 using pharmacological inhibitors abrogated @entity7 -induced @entity4 upregulation. Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with @entity3 inhibited @entity7 -induced @entity5 phosphorylation as well as @entity4 upregulation, suggesting the involvement of @entity7 -induced oxidative stress as an upstream event. Consistent with this, @entity7 also decreased intracellular level of reduced @entity6 . Next, we determined whether @entity7 -induced signaling regulates @entity4 expression at transcriptional and/or translational levels. @entity7 was found to increase the stability of @entity4 message with resultant increase in @entity4 protein level, but it did not alter the protein stability to a great extent. Importantly, knock-down of @entity4 abrogated @entity7 -induced G(1) arrest suggesting that @entity4 induction by @entity7 is essential for its G(1) arrest effect. Together, our results for the first time identify a central role of @entity4 induction and associated mechanism in @entity7 -induced cell cycle arrest in HT29 cells.

title: Grape seed extract upregulates @entity4 ( XXXX ) through redox-mediated activation of @entity5 and posttranscriptional regulation leading to cell cycle arrest in @entity2 HT29 cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Abnormalities in cell cycle progression provide unlimited replicative potential to @entity1 cells, and therefore targeting of key cell cycle regulators could be a sound @entity1 chemopreventive strategy. Earlier, we found that @entity7 ( @entity7 ) increases @entity9 / @entity4 protein level and inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in @entity0 @entity2 HT29 cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism of @entity7 -induced @entity4 upregulation and its role in biological efficacy of @entity7 are not known, which were investigated here. @entity7 treatment of HT29 cells resulted in a strong dose- and time-dependent phosphorylation of @entity8 ( @entity5 ), consistent with @entity4 induction. The inhibition of sustained @entity5 activation by @entity7 using pharmacological inhibitors abrogated @entity7 -induced @entity4 upregulation. Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with @entity3 inhibited @entity7 -induced @entity5 phosphorylation as well as @entity4 upregulation, suggesting the involvement of @entity7 -induced oxidative stress as an upstream event. Consistent with this, @entity7 also decreased intracellular level of reduced @entity6 . Next, we determined whether @entity7 -induced signaling regulates @entity4 expression at transcriptional and/or translational levels. @entity7 was found to increase the stability of @entity4 message with resultant increase in @entity4 protein level, but it did not alter the protein stability to a great extent. Importantly, knock-down of @entity4 abrogated @entity7 -induced G(1) arrest suggesting that @entity4 induction by @entity7 is essential for its G(1) arrest effect. Together, our results for the first time identify a central role of @entity4 induction and associated mechanism in @entity7 -induced cell cycle arrest in HT29 cells.

title: Grape seed extract upregulates @entity4 ( @entity4 ) through redox-mediated activation of @entity5 and posttranscriptional regulation leading to cell cycle arrest in XXXX HT29 cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Abnormalities in cell cycle progression provide unlimited replicative potential to @entity1 cells, and therefore targeting of key cell cycle regulators could be a sound @entity1 chemopreventive strategy. Earlier, we found that @entity7 ( @entity7 ) increases @entity9 / @entity4 protein level and inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in @entity0 @entity2 HT29 cells both in vitro and in vivo. However, the mechanism of @entity7 -induced @entity4 upregulation and its role in biological efficacy of @entity7 are not known, which were investigated here. @entity7 treatment of HT29 cells resulted in a strong dose- and time-dependent phosphorylation of @entity8 ( @entity5 ), consistent with @entity4 induction. The inhibition of sustained @entity5 activation by @entity7 using pharmacological inhibitors abrogated @entity7 -induced @entity4 upregulation. Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with @entity3 inhibited @entity7 -induced @entity5 phosphorylation as well as @entity4 upregulation, suggesting the involvement of @entity7 -induced oxidative stress as an upstream event. Consistent with this, @entity7 also decreased intracellular level of reduced @entity6 . Next, we determined whether @entity7 -induced signaling regulates @entity4 expression at transcriptional and/or translational levels. @entity7 was found to increase the stability of @entity4 message with resultant increase in @entity4 protein level, but it did not alter the protein stability to a great extent. Importantly, knock-down of @entity4 abrogated @entity7 -induced G(1) arrest suggesting that @entity4 induction by @entity7 is essential for its G(1) arrest effect. Together, our results for the first time identify a central role of @entity4 induction and associated mechanism in @entity7 -induced cell cycle arrest in HT29 cells.

title: Grape seed extract upregulates @entity4 ( @entity4 ) through redox-mediated activation of XXXX and posttranscriptional regulation leading to cell cycle arrest in @entity2 HT29 cells.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to report a temporary, ex vivo, distal extremity revascularization technique providing distal perfusion and allowing for a staged repair of @entity2 . In addition, the objective of this report is to provide outcome data after this novel procedure including mortality, limb salvage, and quality of limb assessment. METHODS: From February 1993 to December 2005, temporary ex vivo posterior tibial artery revascularization from the uninjured (donor) to the injured extremity was performed in 14 @entity0 . All @entity0 had blunt iliofemoral @entity4 with class III or IV @entity3 . An end-to-end anastomosis between the two posterior tibial arteries was performed. Muscle strength of both legs was measured using the Medical Research Council scale and grade 5 means normal strength. RESULTS: The mean age at surgery was 35 years+/-7.4 years (mean+/-SD). All @entity0 with ipsilateral legs survived. Patency of the bypass was achieved in all cases. At a mean time of 30 days+/-10 days after injury, the injured iliofemoral artery was reconstructed, and the bypass was transected 7 days later. At the final follow-up, the muscle strength of both legs was of grade 5 based on Medical Research Council scale. Static two-point discrimination test scores were similar on both feet. CONCLUSIONS: Temporary ex vivo revascularization of the posterior tibial artery is a feasible option in selecting @entity0 with blunt iliofemoral @entity4 with @entity1 and severe physiologic derangements. This unconventional method provides extremity perfusion distal to the @entity5 during an interval period, allowing for a staged, proximal revascularization after improvement in the @entity0 's physiologic condition.

title: Temporary ex vivo posterior tibial artery bypass for iliofemoral XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The study was undertaken to identify the relationship between inflammatory and autoimmune processes in chronic @entity2 and to determine the prognostic significance of autoantibodies to antigens of acinar cells and hepatocytes, immunoglobulin G1-4. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In 85 @entity0 with @entity5 (43 @entity0 , 42 @entity0 ) were studied autoantibodies to antigens of acinar and liver cells, IgG1-4. Of these, 43 @entity0 @entity6 was characterized by complications (cysts, @entity1 , pseudotumoral form), 40 @entity0 -- @entity6 without complications, 2 @entity0 were diagnosed @entity4 ( @entity4 ), confirmed histologically. 20 @entity0 -- the control group. Experimental studies on animals, reproduction of @entity4 . RESULTS: Maximize the level of autoantibodies--32.4 +/- 5.6 U / ml (control--10.5 +/- 2.5 U / ml) (p < or = 0.01), as well as IgG4--24 mg/ml in normal (0.8 +/- 0.08 mg/ml)--was recorded in @entity0 with @entity2 . The average value of autoantibodies--in @entity0 with @entity5 complications: 24.2 +/- 3.8 U/ml (p < or = 0.01). The minimum value of autoantibodies--in @entity0 with @entity5 without complications: 18.6 +/- 2.6 U/ml (p < or = 0.05). CONCLUSION: The course of @entity2 accompanied by an increase of autoantibodies to antigens of acinar and liver cells, as well as serum IgG1-4, especially IgG4, which reflects the intensity of the autoimmune responses in this disease. In addition, the exacerbation of chronic @entity2 with complications is clearly defined @entity3 . Experimental studies with preimmunization of animals allogeneic tissues have convincingly demonstrated that the formation of antibodies is not only to the antigens, reflecting the specific characteristics of these tissues, but also to general cell structures of other tissues.

title: [Autoimmune reaction component in chronic XXXX : clinical and experimental study].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Mortality of 70% of all @entity0 with @entity1 in the head and neck is linked with @entity4 and @entity7 . Two reasons for @entity7 are well known: 1. @entity3 and local therapy preventing oral nutrition and 2. advanced @entity1 activating biochemical pathways of proteolysis, lipolysis, and gluconeogenesis. Five groups of substances are now used to treat @entity1 -induced @entity7 : corticosteroids, progestational drugs, @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity11 . Between 1992 and 1993 we treated 38 @entity0 suffering from @entity7 due to advanced @entity1 of the head and neck with 160 mg @entity8 per day for four months. The increase in body weight was significant after eight weeks. The mean increase after full therapy was 4.58 +/- 3.19 kg. Treatment of the five @entity0 in the series was very successful and all achieved their former body weight. @entity8 therapy was best started after assuring enteral nutrition. Significant adverse events were loss of libido for the @entity0 , @entity2 and, rarely, @entity6 . Our first experiences suggest that @entity8 treatment is useful in cachectic @entity0 with advanced @entity5 of the head and neck.

title: [Value of @entity8 in treatment of XXXX in head-neck tumors].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Mortality of 70% of all @entity0 with @entity1 in the head and neck is linked with @entity4 and @entity7 . Two reasons for @entity7 are well known: 1. @entity3 and local therapy preventing oral nutrition and 2. advanced @entity1 activating biochemical pathways of proteolysis, lipolysis, and gluconeogenesis. Five groups of substances are now used to treat @entity1 -induced @entity7 : corticosteroids, progestational drugs, @entity9 , @entity10 , and @entity11 . Between 1992 and 1993 we treated 38 @entity0 suffering from @entity7 due to advanced @entity1 of the head and neck with 160 mg @entity8 per day for four months. The increase in body weight was significant after eight weeks. The mean increase after full therapy was 4.58 +/- 3.19 kg. Treatment of the five @entity0 in the series was very successful and all achieved their former body weight. @entity8 therapy was best started after assuring enteral nutrition. Significant adverse events were loss of libido for the @entity0 , @entity2 and, rarely, @entity6 . Our first experiences suggest that @entity8 treatment is useful in cachectic @entity0 with advanced @entity5 of the head and neck.

title: [Value of XXXX in treatment of @entity7 in head-neck tumors].

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity3 are a rare condition in @entity0 . Here we report the occurrence of @entity3 in 5 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Three @entity0 had a @entity4 score of 4, and 2 @entity0 had a @entity4 score of 5, but autoimmunity was only present in 1 @entity0 . Discovery was fortuitous in 4 cases after chest radiography or thoracic or abdominal computed tomography, which was performed to investigate unrelated symptoms; in 1 @entity0 , @entity1 was an alerting sign. Age at diagnosis was 10 to 16 years. @entity2 were confined to the thoracic aorta in 4 cases and to the abdominal aorta in 1 case and were from 2 to 6 cm in size. Aortic surgery was successfully performed on the single symptomatic @entity0 . Two other @entity0 are alive: there has been a low progression of the @entity2 15 years after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 1 @entity0 and no evidence of progression after 12 years of follow-up without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the second @entity0 . Two @entity0 died 2 and 4 years after diagnosis from unrelated complications. A systematic retrospective search of 33 other @entity0 with @entity4 for whom imaging material was available did not reveal the presence of @entity3 . This unusual frequency of @entity3 found in @entity0 with @entity4 (5 of 38) indicates that @entity2 can be an underdiagnosed complication of @entity4 . It is presently unclear whether it is caused by an infectious and/or autoimmune/inflammatory process. Therefore, we suggest that @entity2 of large vessels should be systematically searched for in @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Occurrence of XXXX in 5 cases of @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 are a rare condition in @entity0 . Here we report the occurrence of @entity3 in 5 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Three @entity0 had a @entity4 score of 4, and 2 @entity0 had a @entity4 score of 5, but autoimmunity was only present in 1 @entity0 . Discovery was fortuitous in 4 cases after chest radiography or thoracic or abdominal computed tomography, which was performed to investigate unrelated symptoms; in 1 @entity0 , @entity1 was an alerting sign. Age at diagnosis was 10 to 16 years. @entity2 were confined to the thoracic aorta in 4 cases and to the abdominal aorta in 1 case and were from 2 to 6 cm in size. Aortic surgery was successfully performed on the single symptomatic @entity0 . Two other @entity0 are alive: there has been a low progression of the @entity2 15 years after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in 1 @entity0 and no evidence of progression after 12 years of follow-up without hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the second @entity0 . Two @entity0 died 2 and 4 years after diagnosis from unrelated complications. A systematic retrospective search of 33 other @entity0 with @entity4 for whom imaging material was available did not reveal the presence of @entity3 . This unusual frequency of @entity3 found in @entity0 with @entity4 (5 of 38) indicates that @entity2 can be an underdiagnosed complication of @entity4 . It is presently unclear whether it is caused by an infectious and/or autoimmune/inflammatory process. Therefore, we suggest that @entity2 of large vessels should be systematically searched for in @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Occurrence of @entity3 in 5 cases of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: One of the major complications following @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is ascending infection. In this aspect the bacteria of the vaginal flora play a major part. Bacterial spectra of a group with @entity3 and another control group with punctual rupture of the membranes are comparatively analysed. This analysis is based on swabs taken from vagina and newborns. Data are interpreted in correlation to clinical picture of @entity4 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Twelve newborns clinical suspected to have a @entity1 are retrospectively judged. In the group with pregnant @entity0 with @entity3 potential pathological germs such as group B streptococci and @entity2 are found more often, whereas physiological flora, specially Lactobacillus species, are clearly reduced. In newborns with @entity1 even germs can be detected, which so far have seemed to be more apathogenic, such as @entity5 . Bacteriological findings are discussed in connection with clinical parameters, specially group B streptococci are looked at more precisely. In newborns with @entity1 microbiological results are demonstrated including course of pregnancy and delivery. For the management of @entity3 alternatives are shown and advice for prophylaxis is given.

title: [Bacteriologic studies in premature rupture of fetal membranes and correlation with the clinical aspects of XXXX and the @entity1 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: One of the major complications following @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is ascending infection. In this aspect the bacteria of the vaginal flora play a major part. Bacterial spectra of a group with @entity3 and another control group with punctual rupture of the membranes are comparatively analysed. This analysis is based on swabs taken from vagina and newborns. Data are interpreted in correlation to clinical picture of @entity4 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Twelve newborns clinical suspected to have a @entity1 are retrospectively judged. In the group with pregnant @entity0 with @entity3 potential pathological germs such as group B streptococci and @entity2 are found more often, whereas physiological flora, specially Lactobacillus species, are clearly reduced. In newborns with @entity1 even germs can be detected, which so far have seemed to be more apathogenic, such as @entity5 . Bacteriological findings are discussed in connection with clinical parameters, specially group B streptococci are looked at more precisely. In newborns with @entity1 microbiological results are demonstrated including course of pregnancy and delivery. For the management of @entity3 alternatives are shown and advice for prophylaxis is given.

title: [Bacteriologic studies in premature rupture of fetal membranes and correlation with the clinical aspects of @entity4 and the XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The pathogenesis of the vasodilatation associated with @entity3 is not fully understood, but it has recently been postulated that it may be related to an increase in @entity2 production. The aim of this study was to compare the response of isolated aortic rings from normal and cirrhotic @entity0 to two vasoconstrictors, @entity4 and @entity7 , a @entity6 analogue. @entity5 was induced by ligation of the common bile duct; a sham operation was performed in control animals. Five weeks later, the aorta was removed and dissected into rings for study in organ chambers. Concentration-response curves were obtained for the two vasoconstrictors from rings with intact endothelium and from rings denuded of endothelium. We found that the vasoconstriction produced by @entity4 was decreased in cirrhotic vessels both with and without endothelium, but the response to @entity7 was not modified by @entity1 . Concentration-response curves for @entity4 were also obtained from rings in which the synthesis of @entity2 and @entity8 was inhibited by @entity10 and @entity9 , respectively. @entity2 synthase inhibition restored normal contractility of the rings with and without endothelium. This beneficial effect was not observed when cyclo-oxygenase activity was blocked with @entity9 . This study suggests that cirrhotic vessels are hyporeactive to vasoconstrictors and that this effect is mediated through increased @entity2 production. The improvement observed after inhibition of the @entity2 pathway in denuded rings led us to suggest that @entity1 also induces @entity2 synthase in smooth muscle cells, as previously observed by others in septic animals.

title: The endothelial and non-endothelial mechanism responsible for attenuated vasoconstriction in cirrhotic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 represent the most feared complications associated with vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy. In the present paper we show result of a prospective randomized clinical trial carried out to study different morbidities (F.M. febrile morbidity, U.T.I. urinary tract infections, P.C. @entity4 , P.A. @entity3 ) in a sample of 155 @entity0 undergoing vaginal or abdominal hysterectomy for non @entity1 , divided into three groups. group C, treated with 2 g @entity2 i.v. in the preoperative period; group C+T, the same treatment with the addition of T tube suction drainage; group T, with only the T tube suction drainage. A statistical analysis of the sample showed the homogeneity of each group, while the study of the morbidities showed a statistical significant difference for W.I. between the groups treated with antibiotic and the T group (p less than .001). For all the other morbidities, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups, demonstrating that all three methods are considerably efficient in reducing postoperative morbidity in hysterectomy.

title: Cefoxitin single dose prophylaxis and/or T tube suction drainage for vaginal and abdominal hysterectomy (Prospective randomized trial on 155 XXXX ).

answer: @entity0


abstract: Most small bowel @entity6 in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) occur in the peri-ampullary region, and distal small bowel @entity4 and @entity2 are comparatively less common. As standard therapy in @entity7 consists of proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal @entity3 , or @entity3 , it is essential to be aware of the potential for @entity8 formation in the terminal ileum and rectum. Ileal @entity4 are found in 9-20% of @entity0 with @entity7 , and new @entity6 may develop after colectomy. @entity5 and @entity6 are 2-4 times more common than @entity4 , may be indistinguishable from @entity4 on examination (requiring biopsy for diagnosis), and tend to regress after colectomy. @entity4 may arise in pouches, usually after an interval of several years, and have been documented to occur in the terminal ileum up to 25 years after colectomy. At pouch construction, rectal mucosectomy may theoretically fail to remove all mucosa at risk. Small islets of rectal mucosa may remain after this technically difficult operation, and the late development of @entity1 , up to 20 years postoperation has been noted. A stapled @entity3 may arguably have a better physiological result, but a greater amount of residual rectal mucosa may increase late @entity1 risk. Annual endoscopic follow-up of pouches is recommended. All @entity6 or suspicious lesions should be biopsied, excised or destroyed, preserving a sample for histology. After @entity3 , @entity1 risk in the rectal stump increases with chronological age, with risk ranging from 5-10% at age 50 years, to 14-29% at age 60 years. Surveillance of the rectal stump in @entity7 is recommended every 4-6 months. There may be a role for prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors in some @entity0 .

title: Recurrent @entity6 in the ileo-anal pouch or rectum in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Most small bowel @entity6 in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) occur in the peri-ampullary region, and distal small bowel @entity4 and @entity2 are comparatively less common. As standard therapy in @entity7 consists of proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal @entity3 , or @entity3 , it is essential to be aware of the potential for @entity8 formation in the terminal ileum and rectum. Ileal @entity4 are found in 9-20% of @entity0 with @entity7 , and new @entity6 may develop after colectomy. @entity5 and @entity6 are 2-4 times more common than @entity4 , may be indistinguishable from @entity4 on examination (requiring biopsy for diagnosis), and tend to regress after colectomy. @entity4 may arise in pouches, usually after an interval of several years, and have been documented to occur in the terminal ileum up to 25 years after colectomy. At pouch construction, rectal mucosectomy may theoretically fail to remove all mucosa at risk. Small islets of rectal mucosa may remain after this technically difficult operation, and the late development of @entity1 , up to 20 years postoperation has been noted. A stapled @entity3 may arguably have a better physiological result, but a greater amount of residual rectal mucosa may increase late @entity1 risk. Annual endoscopic follow-up of pouches is recommended. All @entity6 or suspicious lesions should be biopsied, excised or destroyed, preserving a sample for histology. After @entity3 , @entity1 risk in the rectal stump increases with chronological age, with risk ranging from 5-10% at age 50 years, to 14-29% at age 60 years. Surveillance of the rectal stump in @entity7 is recommended every 4-6 months. There may be a role for prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors in some @entity0 .

title: Recurrent XXXX in the ileo-anal pouch or rectum in @entity7 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: It is well known that @entity3 trypsin inhibitor exerts trophic effects on the exocrine pancreas, resulting in the @entity1 of acinar cells. Some evidence also exists for @entity2 in acinar tissue, the ductal epithelium and islet tissue. @entity0 maintained for 3 weeks on an oral administration of @entity3 trypsin inhibitor (200 mg/50 ml drinking water) were compared with untreated animals. Significant changes were noted in treated animals (p less than 0.01). Trypsin inhibitor-treated @entity0 showed an increase in pancreatic weight (2.33 +/- 0.46 g). The volume ratio of acinar, islet and connective tissue as measured by the stereology point-count technique remained the same in both groups. Ductal tissue, however, exhibited an increase in volume ratio, 3.77 +/- 4.38% per 2714 micron2 area of tissue, in trypsin inhibitor-treated animals. All tissue components showed an increase in the experimental animals: acinar (125%), islet (144%), ductal (325%) and connective tissue (94%). Increased size of acinar cell nuclei, as measured by average cord length, 6.20 +/- 0.13 micron, and a decreased nuclear density of acinar cells, 28 +/- 4.74 per 150 micron2 area of tissue, indicated @entity1 changes in these cells of the experimental animals. Using immunohistochemical localization and the point-count technique, a significant fraction of the total pancreatic volume in experimental animals was represented by ducts containing immunoreactive cells. The percent of volume ratio, 0.42 +/- 0.15% per 2714 micron2 area of tissue, was calculated for ducts containing insulin-immunoreactive cells within their epithelium.

title: Immunocytochemical localization of insulin-immunoreactive cells in the pancreatic ducts of XXXX treated with trypsin inhibitor.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A novel formulation of @entity2 concentrate, a plasma product used in the treatment of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), was studied in a clinical trial for similarity in pharmacokinetics (PK) compared with the reference product. Direct trial data were limited given the availability of @entity0 , and therefore a modeling approach was used to study similarity. Type I error of the study was evaluated using simulations based on retrospective data. A population PK modeling analysis was performed on data from the trial. Analysis of variance was carried out on results of a noncompartmental PK analysis (NCA) of the clinical data. Simulations showed that type I error was inflated to 62% (P < .05) when bioequivalence criteria (confidence intervals within 80%-125%) were adhered to strictly. In the clinical trial, 13 @entity1 @entity0 were evaluable. The population PK analysis showed no significant differences in PK parameters, whereas confidence intervals for all parameters were within 80% to 125%. The relative differences in area under the curve, incremental recovery, and mean residence time estimated using NCA were all close to 1. The novel formulation showed similar PK characteristics to the original formulation. The model-based approach showed that strict criteria for PK comparison could not be applied in this analysis.

title: Model-based evaluation of similarity in pharmacokinetics of two formulations of the blood-derived plasma product XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite a lack of evidence for survival benefit, the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology has recommendations for referral to gynecologic oncologists for the treatment of @entity3 . Therefore, we propose to determine the influence of gynecologic oncologists on the treatment and survival of @entity0 with @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Data were obtained from Medicare and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) databases from 1988 to 2005. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard methods were used for analyses. RESULTS: Of 18,338 @entity0 , 21.4% received care from gynecologic oncologists (group A) while 78.6% were treated by others (group B). @entity0 in group A were older (age > 71 years: 49.6% v 44%; P < .001), had more lymph nodes (> 16) removed (22% v 17%; P < .001), presented with more advanced (stages III to IV) @entity1 (21.9% v 14.6%; P < .001), had higher-grade @entity1 (P < .001), and were more likely to receive chemotherapy for advanced disease (22.6% v 12.4%; P < .001). In those with stages II to IV disease, the 5-year @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of group A was 79% versus 73% in group B (P = .001). Moreover, in @entity1 , group A had 5-year @entity2 of 72% versus 64% in group B (P < .001). However, no association with @entity2 was identified in stage I @entity1 . On multivariable analysis, younger age, early stage, lower grade, and treatment by gynecologic oncologists were independent prognostic factors for improved survival. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity3 treated by gynecologic oncologists were more likely to undergo staging surgery and receive adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced disease. Care provided by gynecologic oncologists improved the survival of those with high-risk @entity1 .

title: Influence of gynecologic oncologists on the survival of @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite a lack of evidence for survival benefit, the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology has recommendations for referral to gynecologic oncologists for the treatment of @entity3 . Therefore, we propose to determine the influence of gynecologic oncologists on the treatment and survival of @entity0 with @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Data were obtained from Medicare and Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) databases from 1988 to 2005. Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard methods were used for analyses. RESULTS: Of 18,338 @entity0 , 21.4% received care from gynecologic oncologists (group A) while 78.6% were treated by others (group B). @entity0 in group A were older (age > 71 years: 49.6% v 44%; P < .001), had more lymph nodes (> 16) removed (22% v 17%; P < .001), presented with more advanced (stages III to IV) @entity1 (21.9% v 14.6%; P < .001), had higher-grade @entity1 (P < .001), and were more likely to receive chemotherapy for advanced disease (22.6% v 12.4%; P < .001). In those with stages II to IV disease, the 5-year @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of group A was 79% versus 73% in group B (P = .001). Moreover, in @entity1 , group A had 5-year @entity2 of 72% versus 64% in group B (P < .001). However, no association with @entity2 was identified in stage I @entity1 . On multivariable analysis, younger age, early stage, lower grade, and treatment by gynecologic oncologists were independent prognostic factors for improved survival. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity3 treated by gynecologic oncologists were more likely to undergo staging surgery and receive adjuvant chemotherapy for advanced disease. Care provided by gynecologic oncologists improved the survival of those with high-risk @entity1 .

title: Influence of gynecologic oncologists on the survival of XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the need for palliative care in hospital @entity0 who have @entity1 . Palliative care is an @entity1 care and identification of palliative care needs (PCNs) of @entity0 with @entity1 is a topic that has not been thoroughly studied. @entity0 AND METHODS: Data were collected prospectively from inpatients of University Medical Center Freiburg in Freiburg, Germany, with 982 hospital beds included in the study. During the observation period of 17 months, each @entity0 discharged from a hospital ward was screened by surveying the treating physician who was responsible for dismissal about @entity0 ' PCNs based on the WHO 1990 definition of palliative care. To complete obligatory electronic discharge management, a modified dismissal form asking to classify the @entity0 as having @entity5 "yes/no" had to be filled out for each @entity0 discharged. RESULTS: The response rate was 96% with data for 39,849 @entity0 that could be analyzed. A total of 6.9% of all hospital @entity0 and 9.1% of @entity0 older than age 65 years were considered to have PCNs. Of the 2,757 @entity0 with PCNs, 67% (n = 1,836) had @entity1 . Among the 11,584 @entity0 with @entity1 , 15.8% were classified as having PCNs. PCNs were particularly high in @entity0 with @entity2 (28.3%), @entity3 (26.0%), and @entity4 (18.2%). Suffering from @entity1 increases the probability of developing PCNs by a factor of 3.63 (95% CI, 3.27 to 4.04). For @entity0 with @entity1 , the risk of developing PCNs is increased 12-fold (odds ratio, 12.27; 95% CI, 11.07 to 13.60). CONCLUSION: Structures to provide palliative care for @entity0 with @entity1 are needed.

title: XXXX care: an epidemiologic study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Microvascular disease of the kidney (manifesting as @entity4 ) and of the brain (manifesting as @entity2 ) may share a common pathogenesis. Gaining an understanding of the concomitant history of these 2 conditions may inform clinical practice and lead to novel prevention and treatment approaches. METHODS: A total of 28 384 @entity0 with @entity3 or @entity1 were examined. At baseline and year 5, @entity0 underwent a @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and urine testing for albumin excretion. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between albumin excretion and @entity5 score, cross-sectionally and prospectively, and whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and/or angiotensin receptor blocker use modified the association. RESULTS: Compared with @entity0 with normoalbuminuria, those with microalbuminuria (odds ratio [OR], 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.44]) and macroalbuminuria (1.49; 1.20-1.85) were more likely to have a reduced @entity5 score (<24). On follow-up, @entity0 with baseline @entity4 had increased odds of @entity2 (decrease in @entity5 score >= 3 points) compared with those with normoalbuminuria (microalbuminuria: OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.07-1.38; macroalbuminuria: 1.21; 0.94-1.55). @entity0 who developed new @entity4 had increased odds of @entity2 during follow-up compared with those who remained normoalbuminuric (new microalbuminuria: OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.12-1.52; new macroalbuminuria: 1.77; 1.24-2.54). @entity0 with baseline macroalbuminuria treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and/or angiotensin receptor blocker had lower odds of @entity5 decline than @entity0 treated with placebo. CONCLUSION: Factors that contribute to @entity4 may contribute to @entity2 , supporting the notion that both conditions share a common microvascular pathogenesis. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00153101.

title: XXXX and decline in cognitive function: The ONTARGET/TRANSCEND studies.

answer: @entity4