abstract: The clinical course of acute @entity4 varies from a mild, transitory illness to a severe, rapidly fatal disease. In about 80% to 90% of cases @entity4 presents as a mild, self-limiting disease with low morbidity and mortality. Unlike mild @entity4 , @entity4 develops in about 15% of @entity0 , with @entity3 of @entity1 representing the single most important risk factor for a fatal outcome. Infection of @entity1 in the natural course develops in the second and third week after onset of the disease and is reported in 40% to 70% of @entity0 with @entity4 . Just recently, prevention of @entity3 by prophylactic antibiotic treatment and assessment of the @entity3 status of @entity1 by fine-needle aspiration have been established in the management of severe @entity4 . Because medical treatment alone will result in a mortality rate of almost 100% in @entity0 with signs of @entity2 , @entity0 with infected @entity1 must undergo surgical intervention, which consists of an organ-preserving necrosectomy combined with a postoperative closed lavage concept that maximizes further evacuation of infected debris and exudate. However, intensive care treatment, including prophylactic antibiotics, reduces the @entity3 rate and delays the need for surgery in most @entity0 until the third or fourth week after the onset of symptoms. At that time, debridement of @entity1 is technically easier to perform, due to better demarcation between viable and @entity1 tissue compared with necrosectomy earlier in the disease. In contrast, surgery is rarely needed in the presence of sterile @entity1 . In those @entity0 the conservative approach is supported by the present data.

title: XXXX in acute @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Mesosomes were isolated and purified from @entity5 under hypertonic conditions throughout preparation processes. The purified mesosomal preparation was composed of closed tubules and vesicles. Electron-dense ribosome-like particles were observed within the isolated mesosomal vesicles by electron microscopy. The ribosome-like particles were isolated from the purified mesosomes by a procedure involving solubilization of the membranes with detergents followed by centrifugation on a linear density gradient of @entity1 . The isolated particles have a sedimentation coefficient of 70S in the presence of 10 mM @entity2 , when @entity2 concentration was lowered to 0.1 mM, the particles were dissociated into two sub-particles of 30S and 50S. The 70S particles had the same appearance as cytoplasmic 70S ribosome particles upon observations of negatively stained preparations. These findings indicate that mesosomal tubules contain ribosomes. The isolated mesosomal ribosomes had the ability for protein synthesis when @entity6 -directed @entity7 synthesis was assayed. The sensitivity of mesosomal ribosomes to inhibitors, @entity3 and @entity4 , for protein synthesis was significantly lower than that of both cytoplasmic and cytoplasmic membrane-bound ribosomes. In addition, three @entity0 -binding proteins were detected in the mesosomal membranes. One of these was localized predominantly in the mesosomal membranes and the other two were distributed almost equally in both mesosomal and cytoplasmic membranes.

title: Characterization of mesosomes of XXXX : isolation and properties of mesosomal ribosomes, and localization of @entity0 -binding proteins in mesosomal membranes.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Mesosomes were isolated and purified from @entity5 under hypertonic conditions throughout preparation processes. The purified mesosomal preparation was composed of closed tubules and vesicles. Electron-dense ribosome-like particles were observed within the isolated mesosomal vesicles by electron microscopy. The ribosome-like particles were isolated from the purified mesosomes by a procedure involving solubilization of the membranes with detergents followed by centrifugation on a linear density gradient of @entity1 . The isolated particles have a sedimentation coefficient of 70S in the presence of 10 mM @entity2 , when @entity2 concentration was lowered to 0.1 mM, the particles were dissociated into two sub-particles of 30S and 50S. The 70S particles had the same appearance as cytoplasmic 70S ribosome particles upon observations of negatively stained preparations. These findings indicate that mesosomal tubules contain ribosomes. The isolated mesosomal ribosomes had the ability for protein synthesis when @entity6 -directed @entity7 synthesis was assayed. The sensitivity of mesosomal ribosomes to inhibitors, @entity3 and @entity4 , for protein synthesis was significantly lower than that of both cytoplasmic and cytoplasmic membrane-bound ribosomes. In addition, three @entity0 -binding proteins were detected in the mesosomal membranes. One of these was localized predominantly in the mesosomal membranes and the other two were distributed almost equally in both mesosomal and cytoplasmic membranes.

title: Characterization of mesosomes of @entity5 : isolation and properties of mesosomal ribosomes, and localization of XXXX -binding proteins in mesosomal membranes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: We describe the thin-section helical computed tomographic (CT) findings of @entity3 caused by @entity1 . METHODS: Thin-section helical CT (5 mm slice thickness, 1:1 pitch, portal phase) and direct cholangiography in 50 consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 caused by metastases were reviewed retrospectively by three radiologists. The primary sites were the stomach ( n = 36), colon ( n = 12), jejunum ( n = 1), and uterus ( n = 1). The level of @entity3 was analyzed with the Bismuth classification, and the CT findings of @entity3 were classified into six types: small (<2 cm) periductal masses, large (>/=2 cm) periductal masses, extrinsic compression by a metastatic liver mass, high-attenuation intraductal mass, intrapancreatic mass, and no demonstrable lesion. RESULTS: The level of @entity3 was the hilum in 18 @entity0 (36%), the proximal common duct in 20 (40%), the distal common duct in five (10%), and the periampullary area in seven (14%). Of 18 hilar obstructions, @entity2 involvement of the secondary confluence of intrahepatic bile ducts was seen in 10 (right in six, left in one, and bilateral in three). Periductal masses were seen in 68% (small in 18, large in 16). In one @entity0 (2%), a large metastatic mass of the liver resulted in extrinsic compression and @entity3 . Lesions mimicking primary biliary or pancreatic @entity2 were seen in four, respectively. In seven, we found no obstructing lesion on CT. CONCLUSION: @entity3 in @entity0 with known primary @entity2 can show atypical patterns mimicking primary @entity2 on thin-section helical CT.

title: XXXX : thin-section helical CT findings.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: I evaluated the computed tomographic (CT) features of nine pathologically proven cases of @entity5 in the extrahepatic bile duct associated with @entity10 . METHODS: CT scans of nine pathologically proven @entity5 associated with @entity10 were reviewed retrospectively. CT scans were analyzed for the following parameters: @entity2 (detection, location, gross morphologic type, contrast enhancement), intrahepatic bile duct (dilatation, pattern of dilatation), common bile duct (dilatation, @entity7 worms), @entity6 ( @entity3 , @entity8 worms), invasion of the contiguous viscera (pancreas, duodenum, liver), @entity4 , and @entity9 and @entity1 . RESULTS: CT depicted the level and cause of obstruction in all nine @entity0 (100%). Contrast enhancement of the @entity2 relative to the liver parenchyma showed isoattenuation in five @entity2 (55%) and hyperattenuation in four @entity2 (44%). Severe, uniform dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct was identified in six @entity0 (67%) and central dilatation was seen in two @entity0 (22%). No evidence of dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct was seen in one patent (11%). Most @entity2 were located in the proximal third of the extrahepatic bile duct ( n = 7, 78%). Male preponderance was found ( n = 8, 89%). CONCLUSION: @entity5 associated with @entity10 was located predominantly in the proximal third of the extrahepatic bile duct and detected more readily than nonclonorchiasis-associated @entity5 .

title: XXXX associated with @entity10 : CT evaluation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: I evaluated the computed tomographic (CT) features of nine pathologically proven cases of @entity5 in the extrahepatic bile duct associated with @entity10 . METHODS: CT scans of nine pathologically proven @entity5 associated with @entity10 were reviewed retrospectively. CT scans were analyzed for the following parameters: @entity2 (detection, location, gross morphologic type, contrast enhancement), intrahepatic bile duct (dilatation, pattern of dilatation), common bile duct (dilatation, @entity7 worms), @entity6 ( @entity3 , @entity8 worms), invasion of the contiguous viscera (pancreas, duodenum, liver), @entity4 , and @entity9 and @entity1 . RESULTS: CT depicted the level and cause of obstruction in all nine @entity0 (100%). Contrast enhancement of the @entity2 relative to the liver parenchyma showed isoattenuation in five @entity2 (55%) and hyperattenuation in four @entity2 (44%). Severe, uniform dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct was identified in six @entity0 (67%) and central dilatation was seen in two @entity0 (22%). No evidence of dilatation of the intrahepatic bile duct was seen in one patent (11%). Most @entity2 were located in the proximal third of the extrahepatic bile duct ( n = 7, 78%). Male preponderance was found ( n = 8, 89%). CONCLUSION: @entity5 associated with @entity10 was located predominantly in the proximal third of the extrahepatic bile duct and detected more readily than nonclonorchiasis-associated @entity5 .

title: @entity5 associated with XXXX : CT evaluation.

answer: @entity10


abstract: As scintigraphy with @entity9 has become a standard technique in analysing @entity8 receptor-receptor positive lesions such as @entity1 , a logical next step is peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Initial studies on PRRT were performed with high doses of @entity9 , and recently other radionuclides coupled to other @entity8 analogues have been used for this purpose. However, the dose delivered to the kidney is a major dose-limiting factor. @entity6 solutions have previously been used to reduce renal uptake of radioactivity, but these solutions have some disadvantages, i.e. their hyperosmolarity and their propensity to cause @entity4 and metabolic changes. In this study we tested various @entity6 solutions in @entity0 receiving @entity9 PRRT in order to assess their safety and their capacity to inhibit the renal uptake of radioactivity. @entity0 served as their own non-infused control. Renal radioactivity at 24 h following the injection of @entity9 was inhibited by (1) a commercially available @entity6 solution (AA) (21%+/-14%, P<0.02), (2) by 25 g (17%+/-9%, P<0.04), 50 g (15%+/-13%, P<0.04) or 75 g of @entity3 (44%+/-11%, P<0.001) and (3) by a combination of 25 g of @entity3 plus 25 g of @entity2 (LysArg) (33%+/-23%, P<0.01). Fluid infusion alone (500, 1,000 or 2,000 ml of saline/ @entity5 ) did not change renal uptake of radioactivity. In @entity0 studied with 75 g of @entity3 (Lys75) and LysArg, serum @entity7 levels rose significantly. Maximal @entity7 levels were within the toxic range (6.3, 6.7 and 6.8 mmol/l) in three out of six @entity0 infused with Lys75, whereas with LysArg the highest concentration measured was 6.0 mmol/l. Electrocardiographic analysis did not reveal significant changes in any of the @entity0 . Vomiting occurred in 50% of @entity0 infused with AA, but in only 6% of @entity0 receiving no @entity6 infusion (controls) and 9% of @entity0 receiving LysArg. We conclude that co-infusion of Lys75 or LysArg results in a significant inhibition of renal radioactivity in PRRT, allowing higher treatment doses and thus resulting in higher @entity1 radiation doses. Because Lys75 produced serious hyperkalaemia, it is not suitable for clinical use. LysArg, however, is effective in offering renal protection in PRRT and is safe.

title: Safe and effective inhibition of renal uptake of radiolabelled octreotide by a combination of @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: As scintigraphy with @entity9 has become a standard technique in analysing @entity8 receptor-receptor positive lesions such as @entity1 , a logical next step is peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT). Initial studies on PRRT were performed with high doses of @entity9 , and recently other radionuclides coupled to other @entity8 analogues have been used for this purpose. However, the dose delivered to the kidney is a major dose-limiting factor. @entity6 solutions have previously been used to reduce renal uptake of radioactivity, but these solutions have some disadvantages, i.e. their hyperosmolarity and their propensity to cause @entity4 and metabolic changes. In this study we tested various @entity6 solutions in @entity0 receiving @entity9 PRRT in order to assess their safety and their capacity to inhibit the renal uptake of radioactivity. @entity0 served as their own non-infused control. Renal radioactivity at 24 h following the injection of @entity9 was inhibited by (1) a commercially available @entity6 solution (AA) (21%+/-14%, P<0.02), (2) by 25 g (17%+/-9%, P<0.04), 50 g (15%+/-13%, P<0.04) or 75 g of @entity3 (44%+/-11%, P<0.001) and (3) by a combination of 25 g of @entity3 plus 25 g of @entity2 (LysArg) (33%+/-23%, P<0.01). Fluid infusion alone (500, 1,000 or 2,000 ml of saline/ @entity5 ) did not change renal uptake of radioactivity. In @entity0 studied with 75 g of @entity3 (Lys75) and LysArg, serum @entity7 levels rose significantly. Maximal @entity7 levels were within the toxic range (6.3, 6.7 and 6.8 mmol/l) in three out of six @entity0 infused with Lys75, whereas with LysArg the highest concentration measured was 6.0 mmol/l. Electrocardiographic analysis did not reveal significant changes in any of the @entity0 . Vomiting occurred in 50% of @entity0 infused with AA, but in only 6% of @entity0 receiving no @entity6 infusion (controls) and 9% of @entity0 receiving LysArg. We conclude that co-infusion of Lys75 or LysArg results in a significant inhibition of renal radioactivity in PRRT, allowing higher treatment doses and thus resulting in higher @entity1 radiation doses. Because Lys75 produced serious hyperkalaemia, it is not suitable for clinical use. LysArg, however, is effective in offering renal protection in PRRT and is safe.

title: Safe and effective inhibition of renal uptake of radiolabelled octreotide by a combination of XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We reviewed 204 cases of @entity6 seen between 1970 and 1985. Ninety were found to be amoebic, 24 pyogenic and one tuberculous. The cause of the abscesses in the remaining 89 @entity0 was not established. The @entity0 were predominantly male, Indians, and in the 30-60 age group. The majority of @entity0 presented with @entity2 and right hypochondrial @entity1 . The most common laboratory findings were leucocytosis, hypoalbuminaemia and an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase. Amoebic abscesses were mainly solitary while pyogenic abscesses were mainly multiple. Complications were few in our @entity0 and included @entity3 and @entity5 . An overall mortality of 2.9% was recorded. The difficulty in diagnosing the @entity4 type is highlighted. The single most important test in helping us diagnose amoebic @entity4 , presumably the most common type of @entity4 in the tropics, is the Entamoeba histolytica antibody assay. This test should be used more frequently in the tropics.

title: XXXX in the tropics: experience in the University Hospital, Kuala Lumpur.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Tick saliva contains anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive substances that facilitate blood feeding and enhance tick-vectored pathogen transmission, including @entity7 an etiologic agent of @entity10 . As such, @entity1 at a tick-feeding site is strikingly different than that typically observed at other sites of @entity1 . Up-regulation of @entity6 / @entity11 occurs in host granulocytes following interaction or @entity2 with A phagocytophila, and the absence of @entity6 / @entity11 results in early @entity5 . We hypothesized that @entity9 integrin-dependent @entity2 kinetics and leukocyte extravasation are important determinants of neutrophil trafficking to, and pathogen acquisition at, tick-feeding sites. A phagocytophila @entity2 kinetics were evaluated in @entity8 / @entity11 , @entity6 / @entity11 , and @entity11 knock-out @entity0 using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of blood, ticks, and skin biopsies in conjunction with histopathology. A marked increase in the rate of A phagocytophila @entity2 of neutrophils and pathogen burden in blood followed tick feeding. Infection kinetics were modified by @entity9 integrin expression and systemic neutrophil counts. Significant neutrophil-pathogen trafficking was observed to both suture and tick sites. Despite the prominent role for @entity9 integrins in neutrophil arrest in flowing blood, successful pathogen acquisition by ticks occurred in the absence of @entity9 integrins. Establishment of feeding pools that rely less on leukocyte trafficking and more on small @entity3 may explain the ready amplification of A phagocytophila DNA from ticks infested on @entity4 / @entity11 -deficient @entity0 strains.

title: Roles of neutrophil @entity9 integrins in kinetics of @entity5 , extravasation, and tick acquisition of XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Tick saliva contains anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive substances that facilitate blood feeding and enhance tick-vectored pathogen transmission, including @entity7 an etiologic agent of @entity10 . As such, @entity1 at a tick-feeding site is strikingly different than that typically observed at other sites of @entity1 . Up-regulation of @entity6 / @entity11 occurs in host granulocytes following interaction or @entity2 with A phagocytophila, and the absence of @entity6 / @entity11 results in early @entity5 . We hypothesized that @entity9 integrin-dependent @entity2 kinetics and leukocyte extravasation are important determinants of neutrophil trafficking to, and pathogen acquisition at, tick-feeding sites. A phagocytophila @entity2 kinetics were evaluated in @entity8 / @entity11 , @entity6 / @entity11 , and @entity11 knock-out @entity0 using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of blood, ticks, and skin biopsies in conjunction with histopathology. A marked increase in the rate of A phagocytophila @entity2 of neutrophils and pathogen burden in blood followed tick feeding. Infection kinetics were modified by @entity9 integrin expression and systemic neutrophil counts. Significant neutrophil-pathogen trafficking was observed to both suture and tick sites. Despite the prominent role for @entity9 integrins in neutrophil arrest in flowing blood, successful pathogen acquisition by ticks occurred in the absence of @entity9 integrins. Establishment of feeding pools that rely less on leukocyte trafficking and more on small @entity3 may explain the ready amplification of A phagocytophila DNA from ticks infested on @entity4 / @entity11 -deficient @entity0 strains.

title: Roles of neutrophil @entity9 integrins in kinetics of XXXX , extravasation, and tick acquisition of @entity7 in @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Tick saliva contains anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive substances that facilitate blood feeding and enhance tick-vectored pathogen transmission, including @entity7 an etiologic agent of @entity10 . As such, @entity1 at a tick-feeding site is strikingly different than that typically observed at other sites of @entity1 . Up-regulation of @entity6 / @entity11 occurs in host granulocytes following interaction or @entity2 with A phagocytophila, and the absence of @entity6 / @entity11 results in early @entity5 . We hypothesized that @entity9 integrin-dependent @entity2 kinetics and leukocyte extravasation are important determinants of neutrophil trafficking to, and pathogen acquisition at, tick-feeding sites. A phagocytophila @entity2 kinetics were evaluated in @entity8 / @entity11 , @entity6 / @entity11 , and @entity11 knock-out @entity0 using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of blood, ticks, and skin biopsies in conjunction with histopathology. A marked increase in the rate of A phagocytophila @entity2 of neutrophils and pathogen burden in blood followed tick feeding. Infection kinetics were modified by @entity9 integrin expression and systemic neutrophil counts. Significant neutrophil-pathogen trafficking was observed to both suture and tick sites. Despite the prominent role for @entity9 integrins in neutrophil arrest in flowing blood, successful pathogen acquisition by ticks occurred in the absence of @entity9 integrins. Establishment of feeding pools that rely less on leukocyte trafficking and more on small @entity3 may explain the ready amplification of A phagocytophila DNA from ticks infested on @entity4 / @entity11 -deficient @entity0 strains.

title: Roles of neutrophil XXXX integrins in kinetics of @entity5 , extravasation, and tick acquisition of @entity7 in @entity0 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Tick saliva contains anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive substances that facilitate blood feeding and enhance tick-vectored pathogen transmission, including @entity7 an etiologic agent of @entity10 . As such, @entity1 at a tick-feeding site is strikingly different than that typically observed at other sites of @entity1 . Up-regulation of @entity6 / @entity11 occurs in host granulocytes following interaction or @entity2 with A phagocytophila, and the absence of @entity6 / @entity11 results in early @entity5 . We hypothesized that @entity9 integrin-dependent @entity2 kinetics and leukocyte extravasation are important determinants of neutrophil trafficking to, and pathogen acquisition at, tick-feeding sites. A phagocytophila @entity2 kinetics were evaluated in @entity8 / @entity11 , @entity6 / @entity11 , and @entity11 knock-out @entity0 using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of blood, ticks, and skin biopsies in conjunction with histopathology. A marked increase in the rate of A phagocytophila @entity2 of neutrophils and pathogen burden in blood followed tick feeding. Infection kinetics were modified by @entity9 integrin expression and systemic neutrophil counts. Significant neutrophil-pathogen trafficking was observed to both suture and tick sites. Despite the prominent role for @entity9 integrins in neutrophil arrest in flowing blood, successful pathogen acquisition by ticks occurred in the absence of @entity9 integrins. Establishment of feeding pools that rely less on leukocyte trafficking and more on small @entity3 may explain the ready amplification of A phagocytophila DNA from ticks infested on @entity4 / @entity11 -deficient @entity0 strains.

title: Roles of neutrophil @entity9 integrins in kinetics of @entity5 , extravasation, and tick acquisition of @entity7 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Dietary supplementation with long-chain @entity1 ( @entity4 ) has become an attractive possibility to alleviate or prevent cerebrovascular pathophysiology. To characterize the potentially beneficial cerebrovascular action of n-3 @entity4 that predominantly occur in fish oil, we set up an experimental paradigm where @entity0 with chronic @entity2 were supplied with n-3 @entity4 -enriched diets. @entity2 was created by a permanent, bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (2VO) of @entity0 at the age of 4 months, with a survival of 3 months. Simultaneously, the @entity0 were provided with experimental diets from the time of weaning until the termination of the experiments. The control diet was comparable to standard @entity0 chow, while @entity5 contained additional n-3 @entity4 and diet 2 was further enriched with structural phospholipids and neurotransmitter precursors. In summary, the data show that diet 2 improved spatial learning of 2VO @entity0 in the Morris water maze. Both @entity5 and diet 2 augmented blood-brain barrier parameters and increased the density of the M1-type muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the hippocampus independent of the rate of cerebral perfusion. In addition to an overview of these results, changes that were supportive or accompanying those described in the CNS are also presented. Briefly, plasma @entity3 concentration was elevated most explicitly by 2VO, while the relative weight of the liver and spleen increased due to the diets. The data draw attention to changes not only in the CNS, but also in the periphery as a consequence of chronic supplementation with n-3 @entity4 -enriched diets.

title: Systemic effects of dietary n-3 XXXX supplementation accompany changes of CNS parameters in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Dietary supplementation with long-chain @entity1 ( @entity4 ) has become an attractive possibility to alleviate or prevent cerebrovascular pathophysiology. To characterize the potentially beneficial cerebrovascular action of n-3 @entity4 that predominantly occur in fish oil, we set up an experimental paradigm where @entity0 with chronic @entity2 were supplied with n-3 @entity4 -enriched diets. @entity2 was created by a permanent, bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries (2VO) of @entity0 at the age of 4 months, with a survival of 3 months. Simultaneously, the @entity0 were provided with experimental diets from the time of weaning until the termination of the experiments. The control diet was comparable to standard @entity0 chow, while @entity5 contained additional n-3 @entity4 and diet 2 was further enriched with structural phospholipids and neurotransmitter precursors. In summary, the data show that diet 2 improved spatial learning of 2VO @entity0 in the Morris water maze. Both @entity5 and diet 2 augmented blood-brain barrier parameters and increased the density of the M1-type muscarinic cholinergic receptors in the hippocampus independent of the rate of cerebral perfusion. In addition to an overview of these results, changes that were supportive or accompanying those described in the CNS are also presented. Briefly, plasma @entity3 concentration was elevated most explicitly by 2VO, while the relative weight of the liver and spleen increased due to the diets. The data draw attention to changes not only in the CNS, but also in the periphery as a consequence of chronic supplementation with n-3 @entity4 -enriched diets.

title: Systemic effects of dietary n-3 @entity4 supplementation accompany changes of CNS parameters in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The consumption of energy beverages is increasing, especially among young @entity0 . The increasing consumption of these drinks increases the data of side effects. Case report: A 26-year old male was admitted to Toxicology Department suspected of intoxication due to @entity4 and unknown psychoactive substances. The @entity0 lost consciousness during a party in which he drank an unknown amount of @entity4 mixed with an energy beverage ("Red Bull"). The @entity0 and his friends strongly denied the use of psychoactive substances. On admission, the @entity0 was stable, but unconscious (GCS 8 points), pupils wide, symmetric with weak reaction to light, respiratory rate 15/min. Neurological examination did not reveal any abnormalities. During the hospitalization, @entity8 slowly disappeared and the @entity0 became restless, with recurrent episodes of @entity2 not reacting to @entity10 , @entity7 and @entity5 infusion. The @entity2 finally abated after administration of barbiturates (Thiopental). This, in turn, caused @entity6 , requiring @entity0 intubation and mechanical ventilation. The @entity0 mental status and respiratory status slowly improved. After regaining consciousness, the @entity0 strongly denied the use of psychoactive substances or of chronic @entity1 use. He confirmed the single use of high, but not clearly defined, @entity12 dosage (in the form of "Red Bull") mixed with @entity1 . He mentioned that eight months earlier in similar circumstances he was admitted to the neurology department due to an episode of @entity2 . Ultimately the origin was not established, despite broad diagnostic testing. Thus the origin of the @entity2 was suggested to be of a toxicological origin. The @entity0 was released home in good condition, without any side effects of the @entity11 . The psychological examination doe not reveal any symptoms of @entity1 or psychoactive @entity3 . In our case, due to the unclear nature of the history, we preformed broad diagnostic testing on admission to the hospital, which do not reveal the presence of any toxic substances except @entity4 ; concentration in the blood was 2,41 gil. Unfortunately, serum @entity12 levels were not measured. There was no identification of any other factors that could be responsible for the observed symptoms. It appears that based on the interview, clinical manifestation, and negative toxicology laboratory testing (excluding the presence of @entity4 ), it is possible to connect the @entity2 state with the consumption of a high dose of energy drinks, rich in @entity12 and @entity9 .

title: [Energy drinks as a cause of XXXX --real or possible danger? Case report].

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accurate determination of rates of de novo synthesis and degradation of cytochromes @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has been challenging. There is a high degree of variability in the multiple published values of turnover for specific P450s which is likely exacerbated by differences in methodologies. For @entity2 , half-life values range from 10 to 140h (Yang et al., 2008). An accurate value for kdeg has been identified as a major limitation for prediction of drug interactions involving mechanism based inhibition and/or induction. Estimation of @entity4 half-life from in vitro test systems, such as @entity0 hepatocytes, is complicated by differential decreased enzyme function over culture time, attenuation of the impact of enzyme loss through inclusion of glucocorticoids in media, and viability limitations over long-term culture times. HepatoPac overcomes some of these challenges providing an extended stability of enzymes (2.5 weeks in our hands). As such it is a unique tool for studying rates of enzyme degradation achieved through modulation of enzyme levels. @entity2 mRNA levels were rapidly depleted by >90% using either siRNA or addition of @entity1 which allowed an estimation of the degradation rate constant for @entity2 protein over an incubation time of 96 hours. The degradation rate constant of 0.0240    0.005 h(-1) was reproducible in hepatocytes from five different @entity0 donors. These donors also reflected the overall population with respect to @entity3 genotype. This methodology can be applied to additional enzymes and may provide a more accurate in vitro derived kdeg value for predicting clinical DDI outcomes.

title: Determination of a Degradation Constant for XXXX by Direct Suppression of mRNA in a Novel @entity0 Hepatocyte Model, HepatoPac    .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accurate determination of rates of de novo synthesis and degradation of cytochromes @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has been challenging. There is a high degree of variability in the multiple published values of turnover for specific P450s which is likely exacerbated by differences in methodologies. For @entity2 , half-life values range from 10 to 140h (Yang et al., 2008). An accurate value for kdeg has been identified as a major limitation for prediction of drug interactions involving mechanism based inhibition and/or induction. Estimation of @entity4 half-life from in vitro test systems, such as @entity0 hepatocytes, is complicated by differential decreased enzyme function over culture time, attenuation of the impact of enzyme loss through inclusion of glucocorticoids in media, and viability limitations over long-term culture times. HepatoPac overcomes some of these challenges providing an extended stability of enzymes (2.5 weeks in our hands). As such it is a unique tool for studying rates of enzyme degradation achieved through modulation of enzyme levels. @entity2 mRNA levels were rapidly depleted by >90% using either siRNA or addition of @entity1 which allowed an estimation of the degradation rate constant for @entity2 protein over an incubation time of 96 hours. The degradation rate constant of 0.0240    0.005 h(-1) was reproducible in hepatocytes from five different @entity0 donors. These donors also reflected the overall population with respect to @entity3 genotype. This methodology can be applied to additional enzymes and may provide a more accurate in vitro derived kdeg value for predicting clinical DDI outcomes.

title: Determination of a Degradation Constant for @entity2 by Direct Suppression of mRNA in a Novel XXXX Hepatocyte Model, HepatoPac    .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The harmful effects of @entity1 during pregnancy on occurrence of postpartum @entity2 symptoms (PPDS) have been well studied, but there is little research on the association of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure during pregnancy with PPDS. This study aimed to explore the relationship between prenatal exposure to SHS during pregnancy and PPDS. METHODS: The authors analyzed data from 6884 @entity0 who participated in the North Carolina Pregnancy Risk Assessment and Monitoring System survey (2004-08). Data on the exposure (prenatal SHS), outcome (PPDS) and covariates were obtained from self-reported questionnaires. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was used for data analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of PPDS was 16.5%. In the unadjusted analysis, @entity0 exposed to SHS during pregnancy had nearly twice the odds of PPDS than the unexposed (odds ratio, OR = 1.90, 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.61-2.26). After adjusting for potential confounders, the association between SHS and PPDS was weakened but remained statistically significant (OR = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.23-1.80). A dose-response relationship was not evident in the analyses. Maternal @entity1 during pregnancy did not appear to modify the association between SHS and PPDS. CONCLUSIONS: The current study identified a positive association between SHS and PPDS.

title: Prenatal exposure to secondhand smoke may increase the risk of postpartum XXXX symptoms.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. @entity5 is a surrogate @entity3 marker that may be associated with CV risk factors. In this study, we tested whether serum @entity5 is a biomarker for @entity1 . Serum @entity5 levels were measured at baseline in 40 @entity0 with @entity1 and 40 healthy controls and after 3 months of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in the @entity0 with @entity1 . All @entity0 were evaluated by full polysomnography. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) were measured in all @entity0 . @entity5 levels were significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity1 than in healthy controls. After adjusting confounders, @entity5 was a good predictor of @entity1 . @entity5 levels correlated with @entity1 severity (measured by the @entity1 [ @entity1 ]). After 3 months of CPAP treatment, @entity5 levels significantly decreased. @entity5 levels were significantly and independently correlated with cIMT and @entity2 after multiple adjustments. The cIMT and @entity2 also had significant and independent correlation with @entity1 . @entity5 might be a useful marker for the predisposition of @entity0 with @entity1 to @entity4 .

title: Effect of CPAP on New Endothelial Dysfunction Marker, XXXX , in @entity0 With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. @entity5 is a surrogate @entity3 marker that may be associated with CV risk factors. In this study, we tested whether serum @entity5 is a biomarker for @entity1 . Serum @entity5 levels were measured at baseline in 40 @entity0 with @entity1 and 40 healthy controls and after 3 months of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment in the @entity0 with @entity1 . All @entity0 were evaluated by full polysomnography. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) were measured in all @entity0 . @entity5 levels were significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity1 than in healthy controls. After adjusting confounders, @entity5 was a good predictor of @entity1 . @entity5 levels correlated with @entity1 severity (measured by the @entity1 [ @entity1 ]). After 3 months of CPAP treatment, @entity5 levels significantly decreased. @entity5 levels were significantly and independently correlated with cIMT and @entity2 after multiple adjustments. The cIMT and @entity2 also had significant and independent correlation with @entity1 . @entity5 might be a useful marker for the predisposition of @entity0 with @entity1 to @entity4 .

title: Effect of CPAP on New Endothelial Dysfunction Marker, @entity5 , in XXXX With Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To begin to understand the role of @entity0 dnaA in DNA replication, the dnaA gene was characterized at the genetic level. Western analyses revealed that DnaA accounts for approximately 0.18% of the total cellular protein during both the active and stationary growth periods. Expression of antisense dnaA RNA reduced viability, indicating that dnaA is an essential gene in replication. To further understand the role(s) of dnaA in replication, a conditionally expressing strain was constructed in which expression of dnaA was controlled by @entity1 . Growth in the presence of 0.2% @entity1 elevated the intracellular levels of DnaA and increased cell length, but did not affect viability. Visualization of DNA by fluorescence microscopy revealed that DnaA-overproducing cells were multinucleoidal, indicating a loss of synchrony between the replication and cell-division cycles. Withdrawal of @entity1 resulted in the depletion of the intracellular levels of DnaA, reduced viability and gradually blocked DNA synthesis. @entity1 -starved cells were very filamentous, several times the size of the parent cells and showed either abnormal or multi-nucleoid morphology, indicating a blockage in cell-division events. The addition of @entity1 to the starved cells restored their viability and shortened the lengths of their filaments back to the size of the parent cells. Thus, both increasing and decreasing the levels of DnaA have an effect on the cells, indicating that the level of DnaA is critical to the maintenance of coordination between DNA replication and cell division. It is concluded that DNA replication and cell-division processes in @entity0 are linked, and it is proposed that DnaA has a role in both of these processes.

title: Conditional expression of XXXX dnaA, an essential DNA replication gene.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Most common clinical studies with antiepileptic drugs do not reflect medical everyday practice due to their strict in- and exclusion criteria and specifications of treatment regimens. Here we present a large non-interventional registry with the intention to evaluate the spectrum of applications in daily use and the efficacy and tolerability of intravenously given @entity3 (LEV-iv). METHODS: In a prospective approach of 17 neurological and neuropediatric centres in Germany LEV-iv treated @entity0 of all ages were included over a period of 10 months. The observational period was 10 days with daily documentation of LEV-iv administration, type and frequency of @entity2 , currently used drugs and doses, and adverse events (AEs). In addition, treatment efficacy and tolerability were assessed by @entity0 and physicians at study end as well as practicability of LEV-iv using a five-step scale. RESULTS: In 95 @entity0 LEV-iv was administered, 93 were included into the analysis. The median LEV-iv dose was 1500mg (range 110-6000mg) per day. Median age was 66 years (range 0.7-90.3 years). The majority of @entity0 (n=70, 75%) suffered from @entity1 ( @entity1 , n=55, 59%) and acute @entity2 clusters (n=15, 16%). Of those with @entity1 , 41 @entity0 (75%) had @entity1 for the first time. Acute @entity2 clusters and @entity1 terminated in 83% after LEV-iv administration. A total of 29 adverse events were reported in 17 of the 95 @entity0 from the safety set. Ten of these were at least possibly related to LEV-iv treatment. Slight decrease of blood pressure during the infusion (3 @entity0 each) was captured most frequently. No serious side effect was observed. Physicians rated the efficacy and tolerability of LEV-iv treatment as good or very good in 78% and 82% of the cases, respectively. CONCLUSION: In this large observational study of everyday practise the use of LEV-iv exhibited a remarkable good response and tolerability in @entity0 with acute onset @entity2 (mostly @entity1 ). Further randomized controlled studies, like the established @entity1 trial (ESET) are needed to confirm these findings.

title: Intravenous XXXX in clinical practice - Results from an independent registry.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The t(11;14)(q13;q32) resulting in @entity4 overexpression is consistently present in @entity2 . However secondary chromosomal aberrations are also extremely common. Of these, 8q24 abnormalities associated with the t(11;14) are rare. Over the course of 10 years at M.D. Anderson @entity0 Center, we identified five cases of @entity2 in which conventional cytogenetic analysis revealed complex karyotypes, including the t(11;14) and 8q24 abnormalities: one with t(8;14)(q24;q32), one with t(2;8)(q13;q24), and three with add(8)(q24). We performed fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies on all cases. In the case with the t(8;14), @entity5 /myc fusion signals were identified, and in the case with the t(2;8), split @entity1 signals were detected. In the three cases with add(8)(q24), one case had split @entity1 signals and two cases had three copies of @entity1 . Thus, the @entity1 gene was involved in all cases. All five @entity0 had blastoid morphologic features, and four cases, including the cases with the t(8;14) and t(2;8), had @entity3 involvement. We conclude that 8q24 abnormalities involving the @entity1 gene are uncommon secondary abnormalities that occur in a subset of @entity2 . @entity1 gene abnormalities are associated with blastoid cytologic features and also may be associated with @entity3 involvement.

title: XXXX with 8q24 chromosomal abnormalities: a report of 5 cases with blastoid features.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The current report presents the case of a 42-year-old male with extraordinarily salient urination difficulty that had lasted 6  months. Transrectal ultrasonography and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated @entity2 and cyst. PSA level was 20.65 (>4)  g/L in the @entity0 . Transrectal prostatic biopsy revealed @entity2 . He agreed to receive plasmakinetic resection of the prostate. During operation a lobulated lump was unexpectedly found on the verumontanum, with the prostate macroscopically normal. Complete @entity1 excision was performed and pathological assessment indicated phyllodes @entity1 of the verumontanum. The @entity0 had an uneventful post-operative course and recovered well. The diagnosis, histological classification, treatment, and prognosis of this case are presented. It is necessary to perform cystoscopy to exclude verumontanum @entity1 even when all imaging examinations indicate @entity2 , especially in young males. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1868931661161758.

title: Phyllodes XXXX of the verumontanum: a case report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Seventeen cases of @entity3 were studied. Most of the @entity0 were @entity0 ; however, two elderly individuals were involved (range, birth to 85 years). The most common site was the tarsal conjunctiva, where firm sessile or pedunculated @entity1 were seen. However, corneal involvement, as well as similar and recurrent lesions, were also present in the larynx, vocal cords, @entity2 , nose, vagina, cervix, and gingiva. Many recurrences (up to 10 times) rapidly followed simple surgical excision in all @entity0 . Histopathologically, the lesions were characterized by subepithelial, eosinophilic, amorphous material admixed with acute and chronic inflammatory cells. The finding of amorphous material containing fibrin, immunoglobulins, and albumin suggested leakage from hyperpermeable blood vessels. Electron microscopic studies of the lesions disclosed few abnormal blood vessels with wide gaps between endothelial cells that were surrounded by a thick multilaminar basement membrane. The duration of the disease ranged from 4 months to 44 years. After several recurrences, spontaneous resolution occurred in six @entity0 .

title: XXXX . A clinicopathologic study of 17 cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of medical complications on adult outcomes of individuals with pediatric-onset @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHOD: Structured interview including standardized measures. @entity0 : Individuals who sustained @entity6 at age 18 years or younger and were 24 years of age or older at interview. OUTCOME MEASURES: A structured interview covering employment, independent living and driving, and marriage. Standardized measures include the @entity4 ( @entity4 ), the Short Form (SF-12), and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). RESULTS: Two hundred sixteen individuals were interviewed, with a mean age at injury of 14 years and a mean age at follow-up of 29 years. Of all the complications, pressure @entity5 , severe @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and @entity3 had the greatest impact on adult outcomes. Pressure @entity5 were statistically related to all main outcomes. Severe @entity2 was statistically associated with all the outcomes except for marriage. Spasticity was associated with all the measured outcomes, except for marriage and life satisfaction. Life satisfaction was most significantly associated with severe @entity2 , pressure @entity5 , @entity1 , and @entity7 . CONCLUSION: Medical complications significantly affect adult outcomes of individuals with pediatric-onset @entity6 .

title: Adults with pediatric-onset XXXX : part 3: impact of medical complications.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine (1) the risk of @entity2 from @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and from all causes in @entity0 with @entity4 who do not undergo urate-lowering therapy (ULT), and (2) the effect of ULT on mortality risk in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: In this prospective case-matched cohort study, 40,623 Taiwanese individuals aged >=  17 years were followed for 6.5 years. Mortality rate was compared between 1189 @entity0 with @entity4 who did not receive ULT and reference subjects (no @entity4 , no ULT) matched for age, sex, and the index date of @entity4 diagnosis (1:3 @entity0 with @entity4 /reference subjects), and between 764 @entity0 with @entity4 who received ULT and 764 @entity0 with @entity4 who did not receive ULT matched 1-to-1 based on their propensity score and the index date of ULT prescription. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to estimate the respective risk of @entity1 (International Classification of Diseases, 9th ed. code 390-459) and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: After adjustment, @entity0 with @entity4 not treated with ULT had an increased risk of @entity1 mortality (HR 2.43, 95% CI 1.33-4.45) and all-cause mortality (1.45, 1.05-2.00) relative to the matched reference subjects (no @entity4 , no ULT). @entity0 with @entity4 treated with ULT had a lower risk of @entity1 (0.29, 0.11-0.80) and all-cause mortality (0.47, 0.29-0.79) relative to @entity0 with @entity4 not treated with ULT. This survival benefit persisted for users of either @entity3 or @entity5 . CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity4 who received ULT had significantly better survival rates than those who did not. Thus, undertreatment of @entity4 has serious negative consequences.

title: Effect of Urate-lowering Therapy on the Risk of XXXX and All-cause Mortality in @entity0 with Gout: A Case-matched Cohort Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine (1) the risk of @entity2 from @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and from all causes in @entity0 with @entity4 who do not undergo urate-lowering therapy (ULT), and (2) the effect of ULT on mortality risk in @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: In this prospective case-matched cohort study, 40,623 Taiwanese individuals aged >=  17 years were followed for 6.5 years. Mortality rate was compared between 1189 @entity0 with @entity4 who did not receive ULT and reference subjects (no @entity4 , no ULT) matched for age, sex, and the index date of @entity4 diagnosis (1:3 @entity0 with @entity4 /reference subjects), and between 764 @entity0 with @entity4 who received ULT and 764 @entity0 with @entity4 who did not receive ULT matched 1-to-1 based on their propensity score and the index date of ULT prescription. Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to estimate the respective risk of @entity1 (International Classification of Diseases, 9th ed. code 390-459) and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: After adjustment, @entity0 with @entity4 not treated with ULT had an increased risk of @entity1 mortality (HR 2.43, 95% CI 1.33-4.45) and all-cause mortality (1.45, 1.05-2.00) relative to the matched reference subjects (no @entity4 , no ULT). @entity0 with @entity4 treated with ULT had a lower risk of @entity1 (0.29, 0.11-0.80) and all-cause mortality (0.47, 0.29-0.79) relative to @entity0 with @entity4 not treated with ULT. This survival benefit persisted for users of either @entity3 or @entity5 . CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity4 who received ULT had significantly better survival rates than those who did not. Thus, undertreatment of @entity4 has serious negative consequences.

title: Effect of Urate-lowering Therapy on the Risk of @entity1 and All-cause Mortality in XXXX with Gout: A Case-matched Cohort Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Copenhagen Facial Nerve Study aims to explain the spontaneous course of @entity4 peripheral @entity3 which occurs without any kind of treatment. In this study @entity5 and @entity4 palsy are considered to be synonymous and specify an acute, monosymptomatic, unilateral peripheral facial paresis of unknown etiology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material includes 2,570 cases of peripheral @entity3 studied during a period of 25 years. It includes 1,701 cases of @entity5 and 869 of @entity5 . In the total @entity0 sample, 116 had herpes zoster, 76 were @entity1 , 46 were pregnant and 169 were neonates. A total of 38 different etiologies were observed. At the first consultation a standard ENT examination was performed, including a thorough description of the grade and localization of the paresis, taste, stapedius reflex and nasolacrimal reflex tests and acoustic-vestibular examination. Follow-up was done once a week during the first month and subsequently once a month until normal function was restored or for up to 1 year. RESULTS: The initial examination revealed 30% incomplete and 70% complete palsies. Follow-up showed that in 85% of @entity0 function was returned within 3 weeks and in the remaining 15% after 3-5 months. In 71% of @entity0 normal mimical function was obtained. Sequelae were slight in 12% of @entity0 , mild in 13% and severe in 4%. Contracture and associated movements were found in 17% and 16% of @entity0 , respectively. CONCLUSION: A survey of the literature showed that no kind of treatment, including @entity2 , was able to give a better prognosis. The use of @entity2 raises a big ethical problem because no evidence of its efficacy exists and the euphoric side-effect induces a false feeling of benefit in the @entity0 .

title: XXXX : the spontaneous course of 2,500 peripheral @entity3 of different etiologies.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The Copenhagen Facial Nerve Study aims to explain the spontaneous course of @entity4 peripheral @entity3 which occurs without any kind of treatment. In this study @entity5 and @entity4 palsy are considered to be synonymous and specify an acute, monosymptomatic, unilateral peripheral facial paresis of unknown etiology. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The material includes 2,570 cases of peripheral @entity3 studied during a period of 25 years. It includes 1,701 cases of @entity5 and 869 of @entity5 . In the total @entity0 sample, 116 had herpes zoster, 76 were @entity1 , 46 were pregnant and 169 were neonates. A total of 38 different etiologies were observed. At the first consultation a standard ENT examination was performed, including a thorough description of the grade and localization of the paresis, taste, stapedius reflex and nasolacrimal reflex tests and acoustic-vestibular examination. Follow-up was done once a week during the first month and subsequently once a month until normal function was restored or for up to 1 year. RESULTS: The initial examination revealed 30% incomplete and 70% complete palsies. Follow-up showed that in 85% of @entity0 function was returned within 3 weeks and in the remaining 15% after 3-5 months. In 71% of @entity0 normal mimical function was obtained. Sequelae were slight in 12% of @entity0 , mild in 13% and severe in 4%. Contracture and associated movements were found in 17% and 16% of @entity0 , respectively. CONCLUSION: A survey of the literature showed that no kind of treatment, including @entity2 , was able to give a better prognosis. The use of @entity2 raises a big ethical problem because no evidence of its efficacy exists and the euphoric side-effect induces a false feeling of benefit in the @entity0 .

title: @entity5 : the spontaneous course of 2,500 peripheral XXXX of different etiologies.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The @entity2 (-) mutation is responsible for a defect in cell division of @entity0 lightly irradiated with ultraviolet light (UV). These @entity2 (-) mutants can be isolated readily by a procedure described here. Physiological studies were performed with the objective of determining the role of the @entity2 gene. Unirradiated @entity2 (-) mutants grow normally, except that a correlation of this mutation with capsule formation has been noted previously. These two properties can be separated, however. After irradiation, @entity2 (-) grows as long filaments because septum formation is prevented. The filaments eventually lyse. Mass increase and @entity1 and enzyme synthesis appear to proceed normally. Thus, the lesion produced by UV appears to be highly specific. In bacteria that carry both genes (merozygotes), @entity2 (+) is dominant to @entity2 (-). Septum formation is restored to irradiated @entity2 (-) bacteria by introduction of @entity2 (+) by conjugation. Also, normal growth can be restored by nutritional variations. It is concluded that @entity2 (+) is able to nullify the effects of the UV lesion under conditions where @entity2 (-) cannot. Possibly, capsule precursors that can accumulate in the latter are responsible for the difference because they interfere with repair of the UV lesion.

title: Conditional mutations involving septum formation in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 is one of the major causes of @entity1 , especially in the older population. The aim of this paper is to examine the demographics of @entity0 with @entity2 -induced @entity1 . METHOD: Visual rehabilitation information was analysed for 590 @entity1 @entity0 attending the multi- @entity4 clinic at Kooyong in Melbourne. Data collected included age, subjective assessment of glare, mobility and visual needs, visual acuity (at distance and near), contrast sensitivity, visual field loss or disruption and magnifiers prescribed. An assessment was also made of the @entity0 ' psychological status and the members of the multi-disciplinary team involved in their rehabilitation was noted. RESULTS: @entity2 was the primary cause of @entity1 in 8.5 per cent of @entity0 and was a secondary contributor to @entity1 in 5.9 per cent. The mean distance visual acuity was 6/38 and peak contrast sensitivity was 10 dB. Sixty-four per cent of @entity2 @entity0 had magnifiers prescribed to help them achieve their visual needs, which were to read newspapers in the majority of cases. CONCLUSIONS: In the management of @entity4 @entity0 , it is important to understand the @entity3 causing the @entity1 and its effects. The @entity2 sufferer must be treated as a whole @entity0 . The psychological state and the need for services such as welfare and mobility training must be considered to enable him or her to enjoy an improved quality of life.

title: @entity4 perspectives on XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 is one of the major causes of @entity1 , especially in the older population. The aim of this paper is to examine the demographics of @entity0 with @entity2 -induced @entity1 . METHOD: Visual rehabilitation information was analysed for 590 @entity1 @entity0 attending the multi- @entity4 clinic at Kooyong in Melbourne. Data collected included age, subjective assessment of glare, mobility and visual needs, visual acuity (at distance and near), contrast sensitivity, visual field loss or disruption and magnifiers prescribed. An assessment was also made of the @entity0 ' psychological status and the members of the multi-disciplinary team involved in their rehabilitation was noted. RESULTS: @entity2 was the primary cause of @entity1 in 8.5 per cent of @entity0 and was a secondary contributor to @entity1 in 5.9 per cent. The mean distance visual acuity was 6/38 and peak contrast sensitivity was 10 dB. Sixty-four per cent of @entity2 @entity0 had magnifiers prescribed to help them achieve their visual needs, which were to read newspapers in the majority of cases. CONCLUSIONS: In the management of @entity4 @entity0 , it is important to understand the @entity3 causing the @entity1 and its effects. The @entity2 sufferer must be treated as a whole @entity0 . The psychological state and the need for services such as welfare and mobility training must be considered to enable him or her to enjoy an improved quality of life.

title: XXXX perspectives on @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Intraductal @entity4 of the biliary tree are unusual lesions characterized by solitary or diffuse growth along the intra- and/or extrahepatic biliary tract. @entity3 bear some clinicopathologic similarity to @entity4 of the pancreas. Like @entity4 of the pancreas, @entity3 can be purely intraductal lesions or can give rise to invasive @entity2 . We recently studied the genetic alterations present in a series of @entity3 and noted the presence of allelic shifts in some @entity0 during allelic loss assays on chromosomes 5q and 18q. This suggested that microsatellite instability might play a role in the molecular pathogenesis of @entity3 . Genomic DNA was extracted from 17 @entity4 , 6 associated invasive @entity1 , and corresponding normal tissues, and microsatellite instability testing was performed using the 5 microsatellite loci recommended by the 1997 National @entity0 Institute-sponsored consensus conference (D2S123, D5S346, D17S250, Bat-25, and Bat-26). High-level microsatellite instability was considered to be present when at least two of five microsatellite loci showed allelic shifts, and low-level microsatellite instability, when only one locus was shifted, as per the National @entity0 Institute criteria. We also determined the methylation status of the DNA mismatch repair gene @entity5 by @entity6 treatment of genomic DNA, followed by methylation-specific PCR. High-level microsatellite instability was present in 2 of 17 (11.8%) @entity3 , including 1 case of purely intraductal @entity0 and 1 case with both intraductal and invasive @entity1 components. In both cases there was extensive microsatellite instability, with allelic shifts in five of five and four of five microsatellite markers, respectively. Low-level microsatellite instability was present in 6 of 17 (35.3%) @entity3 , including 2 cases of purely intraductal @entity0 and 4 cases with both intraductal and invasive @entity1 components. Interestingly, the pattern of allelic shifts was frequently not identical between the intraductal and invasive @entity1 components; although the same microsatellite markers were shifted, alleles of differing lengths were generated in the intraductal and invasive components of the @entity0 with high-level microsatellite instability and of two @entity0 with low-level microsatellite instability. None of the @entity3 (0 of 10 cases with adequate DNA for evaluation) showed methylation of @entity5 . These results indicate that microsatellite instability is a relatively frequent event in @entity4 of the biliary tree but is not associated with @entity5 promoter hypermethylation. The finding that alleles of differing lengths were frequently generated between the intraductal and invasive components of those @entity0 with microsatellite instability suggests that there is significant genetic heterogeneity within these @entity0 .

title: Microsatellite instability in XXXX of the biliary tract.

answer: @entity4


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 60-year-old @entity0 with @entity4 was found to have a @entity7 ( @entity7 ) which was classified as @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Because of severe @entity2 the @entity0 was hospitalized. Waldeyer's throat ring revealed signs of acute @entity1 . LABORATORY FINDINGS: Indicated severe @entity4 and @entity5 . Leucocytes were 8000/ml with a pathological shift to the left (1920/ml blasts). @entity10 (59/91mm) were abnormal. An axial CT of the neck showed a left sided paratonsillar abscess. DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY: The @entity9 was treated with antibiotics. Persistent @entity2 up to 39.8 degrees C suggested resistance to therapy. After three weeks the @entity0 developed @entity3 and died. Autopsy revealed @entity7 with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEBT-t). @entity8 was found in the throating where there was no paratonsillar abscess. Generalized @entity11 was proved at autopsy, explaining the continuous @entity2 resistant to antibiotic treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity8 is rarely associated with @entity7 . @entity6 may facilitate the occurrence of @entity11 .

title: [ XXXX of the tonsils associated with @entity7 ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: HISTORY AND ADMISSION FINDINGS: A 60-year-old @entity0 with @entity4 was found to have a @entity7 ( @entity7 ) which was classified as @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Because of severe @entity2 the @entity0 was hospitalized. Waldeyer's throat ring revealed signs of acute @entity1 . LABORATORY FINDINGS: Indicated severe @entity4 and @entity5 . Leucocytes were 8000/ml with a pathological shift to the left (1920/ml blasts). @entity10 (59/91mm) were abnormal. An axial CT of the neck showed a left sided paratonsillar abscess. DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY: The @entity9 was treated with antibiotics. Persistent @entity2 up to 39.8 degrees C suggested resistance to therapy. After three weeks the @entity0 developed @entity3 and died. Autopsy revealed @entity7 with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEBT-t). @entity8 was found in the throating where there was no paratonsillar abscess. Generalized @entity11 was proved at autopsy, explaining the continuous @entity2 resistant to antibiotic treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity8 is rarely associated with @entity7 . @entity6 may facilitate the occurrence of @entity11 .

title: [ @entity8 of the tonsils associated with XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: We retrospectively evaluated 89 episodes of @entity0 due to @entity2 -resistant staphylococci: 56 @entity4 ( @entity4 ), 10 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and 23 infections associated to arthroplasties (IAA). We analyzed the efficacy of @entity5 (T) in three times a week or daily administration schemes and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Also, we determined cost savings derived from outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT). The overall efficacy of T in @entity4 and both in cases with and without implants, was higher when antibiotic therapy was associated to @entity1 (86 vs. 46%, p = 0.001; 100 vs. 33%, p = 0.0049 and 76 vs. 50%, p = 0.09). All @entity3 were cured. The overall efficacy of T was higher in IAA with implant removal vs. surgical debridement (100 vs. 54%, p = 0.045). In all cases, T was similarly effective when administered three times a week vs. daily administration, when associated to @entity1 . The savings derived from OPAT were 897 days/bed and USS 179,400. Adverse effects were few and light (8 episodes, 9%). The results obtained are similar to those published in the literature and show that T administered daily or in a three times a week scheme and associated to @entity1 , is effective and safe for the treatment of @entity0 . The savings derived from OPAT, mainly related to reduced hospitalization, are significant in these pathologies, which usually require long treatment periods.

title: [Teicoplanin in the treatment of XXXX due to methicillin resistant staphylococci. Experience in adult patients].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Previous studies on intestinal @entity6 have dealt mainly with areas other than the intestinal epithelium. Since the epithelium is now known to be the parasite's habitat, its response to infection is important. Infection with @entity5 in immunologically slow-responding B10.A @entity0 was associated with crypt @entity3 and @entity1 . With similar infection levels in both primary and challenge infections, there was no difference in the maximal degree of @entity1 or @entity3 between the 2 groups. However, challenged @entity0 underwent these mucosal changes in about half the time. Expulsion of worms always occurred during regeneration of the intestinal epithelium suggesting that the host's defense mechanism of altering the kinetics of the epithelium was not the prime factor causing expulsion. Pulse labelling of enterocytes with @entity2 showed that there was no significant increase in the relative size of the proliferation zone. This indicates that the crypt cell output was not altered by this parasite. Atrophy of the villus was analysed with respect to its 3-dimensional shape. There was a decrease in both height and width of the villus but not thickness. Thus, there is a real decrease in the size of the enterocyte population per villus. Histochemical staining of the enterocyte brush border by an alkaline phosphatase method showed that (1) hyperplastic crypts have an enlarged maturation zone and (2) the villus epithelium is composed entirely of mature cells. The distribution of the @entity4 population was compared to these changes in the intestine. @entity5 showed a marked anteriad (distal to proximal) migration prior to expulsion. Thus, utilizing a novel approach to study intestinal @entity6 , the response of the mucosal epithelium has been characterized.

title: The response of the intestinal epithelium in B10.A @entity0 to infection with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Previous studies on intestinal @entity6 have dealt mainly with areas other than the intestinal epithelium. Since the epithelium is now known to be the parasite's habitat, its response to infection is important. Infection with @entity5 in immunologically slow-responding B10.A @entity0 was associated with crypt @entity3 and @entity1 . With similar infection levels in both primary and challenge infections, there was no difference in the maximal degree of @entity1 or @entity3 between the 2 groups. However, challenged @entity0 underwent these mucosal changes in about half the time. Expulsion of worms always occurred during regeneration of the intestinal epithelium suggesting that the host's defense mechanism of altering the kinetics of the epithelium was not the prime factor causing expulsion. Pulse labelling of enterocytes with @entity2 showed that there was no significant increase in the relative size of the proliferation zone. This indicates that the crypt cell output was not altered by this parasite. Atrophy of the villus was analysed with respect to its 3-dimensional shape. There was a decrease in both height and width of the villus but not thickness. Thus, there is a real decrease in the size of the enterocyte population per villus. Histochemical staining of the enterocyte brush border by an alkaline phosphatase method showed that (1) hyperplastic crypts have an enlarged maturation zone and (2) the villus epithelium is composed entirely of mature cells. The distribution of the @entity4 population was compared to these changes in the intestine. @entity5 showed a marked anteriad (distal to proximal) migration prior to expulsion. Thus, utilizing a novel approach to study intestinal @entity6 , the response of the mucosal epithelium has been characterized.

title: The response of the intestinal epithelium in B10.A XXXX to infection with @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Changes in threshold, latency, and amplitude of the auditory middle latency response (MLR) with anesthesia and @entity2 were studied in @entity0 . Although each component of the surface-recorded MLR was altered by @entity4 and nonbarbiturate agents, the early positive wave (wave A) was always present, and the later waves were generally identifiable at moderate levels of anesthesia. MLR threshold was not affected by anesthesia or curare. @entity3 , chloral @entity5 , and @entity1 each caused an increase in the latency of all MLR components, with increases progressively marked for later waves. Amplitude changes were more complex. Wave A increased in amplitude with anesthesia, while wave C decreased or disappeared temporarily. Wave B showed mixed amplitude changes. Changes in MLR associated with anesthesia were generally more pronounced at a stimulation rate of 10/sec as compared to 4/sec. No changes in waveform morphology or latency were seen with @entity2 . The results provide evidence in support of separate neurogenic substrates for the different components of the @entity0 temporal lobe MLR. The presence of the MLR with moderate levels of anesthesia indicates that this animal is an appropriate model for studying the MLR in experiments requiring anesthesia and immobilization.

title: Effects of chloral hydrate, XXXX , @entity1 , and curare on the auditory middle latency response.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Changes in threshold, latency, and amplitude of the auditory middle latency response (MLR) with anesthesia and @entity2 were studied in @entity0 . Although each component of the surface-recorded MLR was altered by @entity4 and nonbarbiturate agents, the early positive wave (wave A) was always present, and the later waves were generally identifiable at moderate levels of anesthesia. MLR threshold was not affected by anesthesia or curare. @entity3 , chloral @entity5 , and @entity1 each caused an increase in the latency of all MLR components, with increases progressively marked for later waves. Amplitude changes were more complex. Wave A increased in amplitude with anesthesia, while wave C decreased or disappeared temporarily. Wave B showed mixed amplitude changes. Changes in MLR associated with anesthesia were generally more pronounced at a stimulation rate of 10/sec as compared to 4/sec. No changes in waveform morphology or latency were seen with @entity2 . The results provide evidence in support of separate neurogenic substrates for the different components of the @entity0 temporal lobe MLR. The presence of the MLR with moderate levels of anesthesia indicates that this animal is an appropriate model for studying the MLR in experiments requiring anesthesia and immobilization.

title: Effects of chloral hydrate, @entity3 , XXXX , and curare on the auditory middle latency response.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Both maternal @entity1 and disordered mood have adverse effects on pregnancy outcome. We hypothesized that maternal very severe @entity1 (SO) is associated with @entity3 (A_D) symptoms during pregnancy, with adverse effects on gestational weight gain (GWG), postpartum mood and postpartum weight retention (PPWR) and explored any mediation by circulating glucocorticoids. METHOD: We measured A_D symptoms with validated questionnaires at weeks 17 and 28 of pregnancy and 3 months postpartum in 135 lean [body mass index (BMI)    25 kg/m2] and 222 SO (BMI    40 kg/m2) pregnant women. @entity5 serum @entity4 was measured by radioimmunoassay; GWG and PPWR were recorded. RESULTS: A_D symptoms were higher in the SO group during pregnancy and postpartum despite adjusting for multiple confounders including previous mental health diagnosis (p < 0.05), and were non-linearly correlated with total GWG ( @entity2 R 2 = 0.06, p = 0.037; @entity3 R 2 = 0.09, p = 0.001). In the SO group only, increased maternal @entity2 (b = 0.33, p = 0.03) and @entity3 (b = 0.19, p = 0.04) symptoms at week 17 of pregnancy were associated with increased PPWR, independent of total GWG and breastfeeding. @entity2 symptoms at week 28 of pregnancy, but not @entity3 , were non-linearly correlated with serum @entity4 level at week 36 of pregnancy (R 2 = 0.06, p = 0.02). @entity4 did not mediate the link between A_D symptoms and GWG. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal SO was associated with increased A_D symptoms, and with adverse effects on GWG and PPWR independent of circulating glucocorticoids. Strategies to optimize GWG and postpartum weight management in SO @entity0 should include assessment and management of maternal mood in early pregnancy.

title: Associations of mood symptoms with ante- and postnatal weight change in obese pregnancy are not mediated by XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of degree of @entity1 after uterine artery embolization (UAE) on symptom recurrence at midterm clinical follow-up in @entity0 with @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 (N = 50) who underwent UAE for symptomatic @entity2 were retrospectively analyzed. All @entity0 underwent contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at baseline and 3 months after UAE and were followed clinically for at least 18 months. The type of @entity2 was classified as focal or diffuse. The uterine volume and the percentage of @entity1 after embolization were measured three-dimensionally on MR imaging. The percentage of the @entity1 cutoff point for predicting recurrence was estimated. @entity0 were divided into 2 groups according to the cutoff point. The rate of recurrence was compared between groups, and risk factors for recurrence were identified. RESULTS: During the follow-up period (range, 18-48 mo), symptom recurrence occurred in 12 of 50 @entity0 . A @entity1 cutoff point of 34.3% was calculated to predict recurrence (area under the curve = 0.721; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.577-0.839; P = .004). @entity0 with < 34.3% @entity1 (group A, n = 12) were at a significantly higher risk of recurrence than @entity0 with > 34.3% @entity1 (group B, n = 38; hazard ratio = 7.0; 95% CI = 2.2, 22.4; P = .001). Initial uterine volume and type of @entity2 were not associated with recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 after UAE may predict symptom recurrence at midterm follow-up. The cutoff percentage of @entity1 required to predict symptom recurrence was 34.3% in this study.

title: Uterine Artery Embolization for XXXX : Percentage of Necrosis Predicts Midterm Clinical Recurrence.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cyclovirus (CyCV) Malawi strain VS5700009 has recently been discovered and reported in clinical cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. Further epidemiological and case-control studies are warranted. The availability of a highly sensitive and specific detection assay for this new virus is thus crucial. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance of the first and the only available PCR assay for CyCV-VS5700009. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 100 CSF samples collected during January-December 2010 were selected for PCR detection of CyCV-VS5700009. Positive PCR amplicons were subjected to sequencing confirmation and BLAST analysis. RESULTS: Initial PCR screening for CyCV-VS5700009 identified one sample, showing a PCR band of expected size (380 bp). Sequencing and BLAST analysis, however, indicated that the band was 364 bp in length and showed >99% @entity1 homology to a @entity0 gene known as @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Pairwise sequence alignment confirmed that both the forward and reverse PCR primers used had significant homology (>70%) to @entity2 . None of the CSF samples tested were positive for CyCV-VS5700009. CONCLUSIONS: The original PCR assay for CyCV-VS5700009 detection may have potential cross-reactivity with contaminating @entity0 genomic DNA. The assay may be of little diagnostic use on clinical specimens that are rich in host DNA such as biopsy tissues.

title: False-positive PCR detection of cyclovirus Malawi strain VS5700009 in XXXX cerebrospinal fluid.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity9 ) has been considered as an endocrine disruptor that caused @entity0 @entity4 in different endpoints. Here, we revealed that oral administrations with @entity9 at 100 and 500   mg/kg body weight for 28 days induced @entity3 which was characterized by significant increases of hepatic lipid accumulation and @entity6 (TG) levels in mice. The serum @entity5 (TC), high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein levels also increased after @entity9 exposure. Correspondingly, the relative mRNA levels of some key genes related to lipogenesis and TG synthesis increased significantly both in the liver and fat. Moreover, the increase in serum @entity7 and @entity8 levels by the treatment of @entity9 indicated the occurring of @entity2 . Furthermore, the levels of bioaccumulation of @entity9 in the liver and gut were very low as compared in the feces, indicating that most of @entity9 stayed in gastrointestinal tract and interacted with gut microbiota until excreted. At phylum level, the amounts of the Bacteroidetes decreased significantly in the feces after 5 days @entity9 exposure. High throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region revealed a significant reduction in richness and diversity of gut microbiota in the cecum of @entity9 -treated @entity1 . UniFrac principal coordinates analysis observed a marked shift of the gut microbiota structure in @entity9 -treated @entity1 away from that of the controls. More deeply, operational taxonomic units' analysis identified that a total of 361 gut microbes were significant changed. In @entity9 -treated groups, the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria increased and that of Bacteroidetes decreased. Our findings suggested that @entity9 could lead @entity3 and gut microbiota dysbiosis in @entity1 .

title: Oral Exposure of @entity1 to XXXX Induces Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Disorder and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis.

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity9 ) has been considered as an endocrine disruptor that caused @entity0 @entity4 in different endpoints. Here, we revealed that oral administrations with @entity9 at 100 and 500   mg/kg body weight for 28 days induced @entity3 which was characterized by significant increases of hepatic lipid accumulation and @entity6 (TG) levels in mice. The serum @entity5 (TC), high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein levels also increased after @entity9 exposure. Correspondingly, the relative mRNA levels of some key genes related to lipogenesis and TG synthesis increased significantly both in the liver and fat. Moreover, the increase in serum @entity7 and @entity8 levels by the treatment of @entity9 indicated the occurring of @entity2 . Furthermore, the levels of bioaccumulation of @entity9 in the liver and gut were very low as compared in the feces, indicating that most of @entity9 stayed in gastrointestinal tract and interacted with gut microbiota until excreted. At phylum level, the amounts of the Bacteroidetes decreased significantly in the feces after 5 days @entity9 exposure. High throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 region revealed a significant reduction in richness and diversity of gut microbiota in the cecum of @entity9 -treated @entity1 . UniFrac principal coordinates analysis observed a marked shift of the gut microbiota structure in @entity9 -treated @entity1 away from that of the controls. More deeply, operational taxonomic units' analysis identified that a total of 361 gut microbes were significant changed. In @entity9 -treated groups, the relative abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria increased and that of Bacteroidetes decreased. Our findings suggested that @entity9 could lead @entity3 and gut microbiota dysbiosis in @entity1 .

title: Oral Exposure of XXXX to @entity10 Induces Hepatic Lipid Metabolism Disorder and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The widespread use of pesticides, such as @entity3 , increases health risks to non-target organisms. The potential @entity2 of @entity3 to the liver remains unclear and could be easily overlooked if only the common clinical indicators of @entity4 are examined. In the present study, BALB/c @entity0 were given intraperitoneal injections of 0, 2, 4, or 8   mg/kg @entity6 (BF) for 7 days. The potential @entity1 of BF and its underlying mechanism were then investigated through multilevel evaluations. Histological analyses and serum enzyme activities showed no obvious clinical evidence of @entity4 . Oxidative stress was induced and caspases were activated in response to increased BF concentrations. Exposure to BF also significantly altered the expression levels of mitochondrial apoptosis-related genes in dose-dependent relationships. The microarray results showed that BF could disturb the metabolic profile and extensively induce genes related to oxidative stress, including the cytochrome P450 family, @entity5 peroxidases, @entity5 s-transferases and kinases. In the in vivo model, BF induced @entity1 through caspase-mediated mitochondrial-dependent cell death, a process that is closely related to oxidative stress, even in the absence of classical clinical biomarkers of @entity4 . The results of this study suggest that classical evaluations are not adequate for liver @entity2 of @entity3 , and highlight the need for more comprehensive assessment of health risks of these widely used pesticides.

title: Multilevel evaluations of potential XXXX of @entity6 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The widespread use of pesticides, such as @entity3 , increases health risks to non-target organisms. The potential @entity2 of @entity3 to the liver remains unclear and could be easily overlooked if only the common clinical indicators of @entity4 are examined. In the present study, BALB/c @entity0 were given intraperitoneal injections of 0, 2, 4, or 8   mg/kg @entity6 (BF) for 7 days. The potential @entity1 of BF and its underlying mechanism were then investigated through multilevel evaluations. Histological analyses and serum enzyme activities showed no obvious clinical evidence of @entity4 . Oxidative stress was induced and caspases were activated in response to increased BF concentrations. Exposure to BF also significantly altered the expression levels of mitochondrial apoptosis-related genes in dose-dependent relationships. The microarray results showed that BF could disturb the metabolic profile and extensively induce genes related to oxidative stress, including the cytochrome P450 family, @entity5 peroxidases, @entity5 s-transferases and kinases. In the in vivo model, BF induced @entity1 through caspase-mediated mitochondrial-dependent cell death, a process that is closely related to oxidative stress, even in the absence of classical clinical biomarkers of @entity4 . The results of this study suggest that classical evaluations are not adequate for liver @entity2 of @entity3 , and highlight the need for more comprehensive assessment of health risks of these widely used pesticides.

title: Multilevel evaluations of potential @entity1 of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ischemic preconditioning has been reported to protect the myocardium against @entity3 and @entity12 . The underlying mechanisms have been extensively investigated but are not fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated the role of apoptosis in ischemic preconditioning protection and the signal pathways involved. METHODS: @entity6 and reperfusion were induced in anesthetized male @entity1 by a 40-minute occlusion and a 3-hour reperfusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Ischemic preconditioning was elicited by two 10-minute coronary artery occlusions and two 10-minute reperfusions. RESULTS: The @entity5 size, expressed as the percentage of area at risk, was significantly decreased in the ischemic preconditioning group (16.8      2.0% and 27.9      2.7% in the @entity3 and reperfusion groups, respectively, p  <  0.001). Additionally, ischemic preconditioning significantly reduced apoptosis, as evidenced by the decrease in the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity8 nick-end labeling-positive nuclei, DNA laddering, and @entity11 activation. Western blot analysis revealed that ischemic preconditioning significantly reduced @entity4 @entity2 factor-a levels. @entity7 was increased, whereas @entity9 was decreased in the myocardium. Phosphorylation of the prosurvival kinases, including Akt and @entity10 , was significantly increased. Hemodynamics, area at risk, and mortality did not differ significantly among the groups. CONCLUSION: Ischemic preconditioning reduces apoptosis induced by @entity6 and reperfusion. The underlying mechanisms might be related to inhibition of both the extrinsic and the intrinsic apoptotic pathway via inhibition of production of @entity0 @entity2 factor-a, modulation of expression of @entity7 and @entity9 , and activation of the prosurvival kinases.

title: Ischemic preconditioning activates prosurvival kinases and reduces XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The standard treatment for locally advanced cervical @entity1 is chemoradiation, with the majority of @entity0 having a complete response to the therapy. The current surveillance recommendations from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology include annual cytology, with a small proportion of @entity0 subsequently diagnosed with high-grade cervical @entity2 (CIN 2/3). To date, there is limited information regarding the optimal treatment and outcome for @entity0 diagnosed with CIN 2/3. The current report describes the diagnosis, management and outcome of 4 @entity0 diagnosed with CIN 2/3 following chemoradiation. CASE DESCRIPTION: We describe 4 @entity0 who developed CIN 2/3 seven months to 8 years following radiation therapy for locally advanced cervical @entity1 . All 4 @entity0 were asymptomatic and the abnormalities were first detected by a Pap test. Three of the @entity0 were managed conservatively with observation, and the CIN 2/3 resolved without intervention. One @entity0 underwent 2 cervical conizations followed by a hysterectomy with no residual @entity2 noted on the hysterectomy specimen. CONCLUSION: The majority of @entity0 with recurrent cervical @entity1 after chemoradiation are symptomatic, and most cases are detected by a physical examination. The role of cytology, colposcopy and biopsies may be of limited value. Furthermore, the significance of the diagnosis of CIN 2/3 in @entity0 previously treated with radiation therapy was not associated with recurrent disease in the 4 @entity0 described. Our results suggest that cytology may be of limited value in detecting recurrence in @entity0 following radiation therapy, even when CIN 2/3 is detected.

title: High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia following Radiation Therapy for Invasive XXXX : A Report of Four Cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 is an @entity3 which leads to the functional obstruction of the lower oesophageal sphincter (LES) and is currently incurable. The main objective of all existing therapies is to achieve a reduction in the obstruction of the distal oesophagus in order to improve oesophageal transit, relieve the symptomatology, and prevent long-term complications. The most common treatments used are @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and laparoscopic Heller myotomy, which involves partial fundoplication with comparable short-term success rates. The most economic non-surgical therapy is @entity1 , with botulinum toxin injections reserved for @entity0 with a higher surgical risk for whom the former treatment option is unsuitable. A new technology is peroral endoscopic myotomy, postulated as a possible non-invasive alternative to surgical myotomy. Other endoluminal treatments subject to research more recently include injecting @entity4 into the LES and using a temporary self-expanding metallic stent. At present, there is not enough evidence permitting a routine recommendation of any of these three novel methods. @entity0 must undergo follow-up after treatment to guarantee that their symptoms are under control and to prevent complications. Most experts are in favour of some form of endoscopic follow-up, however no established guidelines exist in this respect. The prognosis for @entity0 with @entity2 is good, although a recurrence after treatment using any method requires new treatment.

title: Management of primary XXXX : The role of endoscopy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The number of elderly @entity0 undergoing hepatic resection for surgical treatment of benign and malignant @entity1 is increasing. However, there is limited clinical data on the complications and long-term survival rates associated with liver surgery in the elderly @entity0 (>= 70 years) versus younger @entity0 for @entity6 . METHODS: Six electronic databases were searched for original published studies comparing elderly (>= 70) versus younger (<70) cohorts for @entity3 . Data were extracted and analysed according to predefined clinical endpoints. RESULTS: Twenty-seven comparative studies were identified, including 4769 elderly @entity0 versus 15   855 younger @entity0 (n = 20   624). There was significantly higher 30-day mortality in the elderly colorectal liver metastasis group (P < 0.00002) and significant difference between elderly and young in terms of overall survival (hazard ration (HR), 1.10; P = 0.02). However, there was no difference in disease-free survival (HR, 1.05; P = 0.27). @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity5 were more frequent in the elderly group. CONCLUSIONS: Liver resection for @entity1 in the elderly is associated with a greater 30-day mortality and overall mortality when compared with younger cohorts, but similar disease-free survival. Length of stay and transfusions were not significantly different @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity5 were more frequent in the elderly group.

title: Hepatic resection for XXXX in the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a major global health problem, and new drugs and vaccines are urgently needed. As clinical trials in @entity0 require tremendous resources, preclinical drug and vaccine development largely relies on valid animal models that recapitulate the pathology of @entity0 disease and the immune responses of the host as closely as possible. Areas covered: This review describes the animal models used in @entity6 research, the most widely used being @entity1 , @entity7 and nonhuman primates. In addition, @entity2 and @entity5 provide models with a disease pathology resembling that of @entity0 . Invertebrate models, including the @entity3 and the Dictyostelium amoeba, have also been used to study @entity4 . Recently, the @entity8 has emerged as a promising model for studying @entity4 . The @entity8 model also facilitates the large-scale screening of drug and vaccine candidates. Expert opinion: Animal models are needed for @entity6 research and provide valuable information on the mechanisms of the disease and on ways of preventing it. However, the data obtained in animal studies need to be carefully interpreted and evaluated before making assumptions concerning @entity0 . With an increasing understanding of disease mechanisms, animal models can be further improved to best serve research goals.

title: Animal models in XXXX research - where is the beef?

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Previous studies established that between generations changes in feeding protocol can have significant impact on reproductive physiology. The aim of the study was to determinate effects of mothers' nutrition and nutrition of the offspring on the characteristics of vaginal smear and serum lipid content. METHODS: Ten female @entity0 were randomly divided in two groups; first group fed with food containing high content of @entity7 (HFD) and the second with standard laboratory chow ( @entity5 ). After coupling and lactation period their offspring were further randomly divided into two subgroups fed HFD or @entity5 forming four study groups: (a) @entity5 - @entity5 , (b) @entity5 -HFD, (c) HFD- @entity5 and (d) HFD-HFD. The dams and offspring at the age of 37 and 18 weeks, respectively, were subjected to biochemical analysis of the blood and cytological analysis of the vaginal smears. Additionally body weight was recorded and body mass index (BMI) was calculated. RESULTS: The HFD-HFD group presented with highest levels of @entity6 and the @entity5 -HFD with the highest levels of @entity2 . Therefore, @entity4 and @entity2 levels were significantly different among the groups (p   =   0.001 and p   =   0.002, respectively). Vaginal cytological smears analysis showed features of irregular phase interchanges or extended estrous phase in offspring of high-fat fed dams. CONCLUSION: Maternal HFD consumption predisposes offspring to increased risk of developing @entity3 and @entity1 .

title: Effects of between generations changes in nutrition type on vaginal smear and serum lipids in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Undernutrition and @entity1 are related in many ways; for instance, non-hygienic environments are associated with both poor growth and immunostimulation in @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: To describe any existing interaction among different @entity1 biomarkers measured in the distinct anatomical compartments of whole blood, feces, plasma and saliva. METHODS: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, samples of whole blood, feces, plasma and saliva were collected on the 8th and last week of observation among 87 attendees (42 @entity0 and 45 @entity0 ) of 3 daycare centers offering a common 40-day rotating menu in Guatemala's Western Highlands. Analyses included white blood cell count (WBC), fecal calprotectin, and plasmatic and salivary cytokines including @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity2 . Associations were assessed using Spearman rank-order and goodness-of-fit correlations, as indicated, followed by backwards-elimination multiple regression analyses to determine predictor variables for @entity5 in both anatomical compartments. RESULTS: Of a total of 66 cross-tabulations in the Spearman hemi-matrix, 22 (33%) were significantly associated. All 10 paired associations among the salivary cytokines had a significant r value, whereas 7 of 10 possible associations among plasma cytokines were significant. Associations across anatomical compartments, however, were rarely significant. @entity5 in both biological fluids were higher than corresponding reference values. When a multiple regression model was run in order to determine independent predictors for @entity5 in each anatomical compartment separately, @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity2 emerged as predictors in plasma (r2 = 0.514) and @entity6 , @entity4 and @entity2 remained as independent predictors in saliva (r2 = 0.762). Significant @entity7 were seen with WBC, but not with fecal calprotectin. CONCLUSION: Interactions ranged from robust within the same anatomical compartment to limited to nil across distinct anatomical compartments. The prominence of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, @entity5 , in both plasma and saliva is consistent with its counter-regulatory role facing a broad front of elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines in the same compartment.

title: Associations among Inflammatory Biomarkers in the Circulating, Plasmatic, Salivary and Intraluminal Anatomical Compartments in Apparently Healthy Preschool XXXX from the Western Highlands of Guatemala.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The ratio of the bioaccumulation factors for 32P and @entity1 was determined for edible tissue in two species of freshwater fish by measuring the specific activity (32P activity per milligram @entity1 ) in muscle relative to feed. The 32P tracer was added to the feed at a uniform level throughout the study. Feeding was at two levels: ad libitum and at a lower but constant intake per body weight. In the main experiment, @entity0 were maintained in a large flow-through tank and sacrificed at approximately weekly intervals for 51 d of 32P accumulation and 28 d of depuration to compare the specific activity with values predicted with a calculational model. In experiments performed in smaller aquaria, the specific activity in @entity0 and catfish muscle was compared at two feeding levels and two temperatures. In addition, unfed fish were exposed to 32P in water at a known specific activity to determine the extent of @entity1 uptake directly from water. The pattern of specific activity increase and decrease in fish muscle during the accumulation/depuration experiment was consistent with a one-compartment model, so that specific activity ratios at steady state could be predicted from measurements during relatively brief exposures. On this basis, the ratio of the bioaccumulation factors of 32P and @entity1 in fish feeding ad libitum was 0.081 for @entity0 and 0.17 for catfish. Hence, at a mean @entity1 bioaccumulation factor of 70,000, the factors for 32P are 6,000 and 12,000, respectively. The ratios were less at lower @entity1 intakes associated with lower feeding rates; moreover, the lesser value for @entity0 occurred at a much lower @entity1 intake than by catfish. The bioaccumulation factor ratio was lower by an order of magnitude at a water temperature of 11 degrees C than at 16-27 degrees C, and was lower by two orders of magnitude when @entity1 uptake was from water by unfed fish.

title: Bioaccumulation factor for 32P measured in XXXX , @entity0 , and catfish, Ictalurus punctatus.

answer: @entity0