abstract: From 1970 to 1986, 45 @entity0 received primary radiation therapy for @entity3 at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Center for the Health Sciences and Wadsworth Veteran's Administration Hospital. Seven @entity0 were lost to follow-up or had prior irradiation, and were excluded. Thirty-eight @entity0 received a median dose of 70 Gy (62.5 to 80 Gy) to the primary site. After a median follow-up of 48 months, initial control of disease at the primary site was accomplished in 74% of the @entity0 . The initial control by stage was as follows: TI, 83%, T2, 67%; and T3, 63%. After surgical salvage, local control increased to 92%, 80% and 75% for stages T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Twenty-nine percent (11 of 38) of the @entity0 had cervical node metastases at presentation. Radiation provided regional control in 96% (26 of 27) with @entity2 and 86% (six of seven) with N1 disease at diagnosis. Sixteen @entity0 (42%) had an additional malignancy of the upper aerodigestive tract. Because the incidence of second @entity1 after treatment is high and surgical salvage of treatment failures is possible, close follow-up is essential in the management of this @entity1 . We conclude that radiation therapy is an effective modality for the treatment of @entity3 . Primary radiation therapy may offer many @entity0 the chance to avoid surgical procedures that are both cosmetically and functionally debilitating without compromosing treatment outcome.

title: Primary radiation therapy in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is the main receptor for @entity4 , an astrogial proinflammatory mediator that has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of @entity2 . To further elucidate the possible relevance of @entity1 for mental functions, we investigated a functional polymorphism in the gene coding for @entity3 in relation to personality traits and susceptibility to @entity2 . METHODS: We studied the @entity6 polymorphism ( @entity5 , @entity7 ) in 2 population-based cohorts of middle-aged @entity0 assessed using the Karolinska Scales of Personality. In addition, we compared genotype frequencies between @entity0 with @entity2 and controls. RESULTS: The population-based cohorts included 270 @entity0 and 247 @entity0 , and the case-control study involved 138 @entity0 with @entity2 and 258 controls. In the population-based cohorts, 82Ser carriers were found to have significantly higher scores for the psychoticism personality trait comprising the detachment and suspicion subscales. The case-control study revealed that the 82Ser allele was significantly more frequent among @entity0 than controls. LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by the modest sample size and the use of a self-report measure to assess personality traits. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the proven relation between certain personality traits and @entity2 can at least to some extent be explained on a genetic level. Also, the activated @entity4 - @entity3 axis may be an underlying cause, not only a consequence, of the disease.

title: Is the XXXX polymorphism in the @entity3 gene relevant to @entity2 and the personality trait psychoticism?

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is the main receptor for @entity4 , an astrogial proinflammatory mediator that has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of @entity2 . To further elucidate the possible relevance of @entity1 for mental functions, we investigated a functional polymorphism in the gene coding for @entity3 in relation to personality traits and susceptibility to @entity2 . METHODS: We studied the @entity6 polymorphism ( @entity5 , @entity7 ) in 2 population-based cohorts of middle-aged @entity0 assessed using the Karolinska Scales of Personality. In addition, we compared genotype frequencies between @entity0 with @entity2 and controls. RESULTS: The population-based cohorts included 270 @entity0 and 247 @entity0 , and the case-control study involved 138 @entity0 with @entity2 and 258 controls. In the population-based cohorts, 82Ser carriers were found to have significantly higher scores for the psychoticism personality trait comprising the detachment and suspicion subscales. The case-control study revealed that the 82Ser allele was significantly more frequent among @entity0 than controls. LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by the modest sample size and the use of a self-report measure to assess personality traits. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the proven relation between certain personality traits and @entity2 can at least to some extent be explained on a genetic level. Also, the activated @entity4 - @entity3 axis may be an underlying cause, not only a consequence, of the disease.

title: Is the @entity6 polymorphism in the @entity3 gene relevant to XXXX and the personality trait psychoticism?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is the main receptor for @entity4 , an astrogial proinflammatory mediator that has been suggested to be involved in the pathophysiology of @entity2 . To further elucidate the possible relevance of @entity1 for mental functions, we investigated a functional polymorphism in the gene coding for @entity3 in relation to personality traits and susceptibility to @entity2 . METHODS: We studied the @entity6 polymorphism ( @entity5 , @entity7 ) in 2 population-based cohorts of middle-aged @entity0 assessed using the Karolinska Scales of Personality. In addition, we compared genotype frequencies between @entity0 with @entity2 and controls. RESULTS: The population-based cohorts included 270 @entity0 and 247 @entity0 , and the case-control study involved 138 @entity0 with @entity2 and 258 controls. In the population-based cohorts, 82Ser carriers were found to have significantly higher scores for the psychoticism personality trait comprising the detachment and suspicion subscales. The case-control study revealed that the 82Ser allele was significantly more frequent among @entity0 than controls. LIMITATIONS: This study was limited by the modest sample size and the use of a self-report measure to assess personality traits. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the proven relation between certain personality traits and @entity2 can at least to some extent be explained on a genetic level. Also, the activated @entity4 - @entity3 axis may be an underlying cause, not only a consequence, of the disease.

title: Is the @entity6 polymorphism in the XXXX gene relevant to @entity2 and the personality trait psychoticism?

answer: @entity3


abstract: Studies of hormonal growth regulation in cultured @entity0 @entity4 cells are limited by the requirement of exogenous growth factors, usually supplied by addition of serum. The present report provides evidence that @entity1 can stimulate proliferation of @entity4 cells of the Ishikawa line in the absence of serum or added growth factors. Mitogenic effects of @entity2 were demonstrated in two different experimental systems, in cells attached to the substratum of @entity0 tissue culture dishes, and in cells forming colonies in soft agar under anchorage-independent conditions. Addition of @entity1 to a mixture of serum-free, @entity5 red-free Dulbecco's minimal essential medium and Ham's F-12 medium, supplemented with @entity6 and @entity7 [basal medium: (BM)] significantly increased the proliferation of cells attached to culture dishes. Dose-response experiments revealed maximal @entity1 stimulation at 10 nM; significant responses were also observed at 1 nM and at 100 nM concentrations. The mitogenic effect of 10 nM @entity1 was comparable to that of 1% charcoal-treated fetal bovine serum and the two effects were additive. The presence of @entity1 in serum-free BM resulted in a shortening of the doubling time of exponentially proliferating cells from 38 to 29 h. From the labeling index, measured after exposure to a pulse of @entity3 , and from the mitotic index, both determined in exponentially proliferating cells, the lengths of the S and M phases were calculated to be 11 and 1 h, respectively. From these data it was estimated that @entity1 shortened the G1 phase by approximately 40%, from 22 to 13 h. @entity1 doubled the colony formation efficiency of cells plated in BM containing 0.3% agar in the absence of serum as well as in the presence of 1% charcoal-treated fetal bovine serum. The stimulation of colony formation by @entity1 was influenced by medium components, since no effects were observed in minimal essential medium. The colony formation efficiency was positively related to the serum concentrations and remained significantly lower in minimal essential medium than in BM at comparable serum levels. The observed positive relationship between colony formation efficiency and cell densities at plating suggests a cooperative mitogenic effect, likely due to autocrine and paracrine action of secreted growth factors. These results define a model to evaluate hormonal growth regulation mediated by autocrine mitogens in @entity0 @entity4 cells in the absence of interfering exogenous growth factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Proliferation and responsiveness to XXXX of @entity0 @entity4 cells under serum-free culture conditions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Studies of hormonal growth regulation in cultured @entity0 @entity4 cells are limited by the requirement of exogenous growth factors, usually supplied by addition of serum. The present report provides evidence that @entity1 can stimulate proliferation of @entity4 cells of the Ishikawa line in the absence of serum or added growth factors. Mitogenic effects of @entity2 were demonstrated in two different experimental systems, in cells attached to the substratum of @entity0 tissue culture dishes, and in cells forming colonies in soft agar under anchorage-independent conditions. Addition of @entity1 to a mixture of serum-free, @entity5 red-free Dulbecco's minimal essential medium and Ham's F-12 medium, supplemented with @entity6 and @entity7 [basal medium: (BM)] significantly increased the proliferation of cells attached to culture dishes. Dose-response experiments revealed maximal @entity1 stimulation at 10 nM; significant responses were also observed at 1 nM and at 100 nM concentrations. The mitogenic effect of 10 nM @entity1 was comparable to that of 1% charcoal-treated fetal bovine serum and the two effects were additive. The presence of @entity1 in serum-free BM resulted in a shortening of the doubling time of exponentially proliferating cells from 38 to 29 h. From the labeling index, measured after exposure to a pulse of @entity3 , and from the mitotic index, both determined in exponentially proliferating cells, the lengths of the S and M phases were calculated to be 11 and 1 h, respectively. From these data it was estimated that @entity1 shortened the G1 phase by approximately 40%, from 22 to 13 h. @entity1 doubled the colony formation efficiency of cells plated in BM containing 0.3% agar in the absence of serum as well as in the presence of 1% charcoal-treated fetal bovine serum. The stimulation of colony formation by @entity1 was influenced by medium components, since no effects were observed in minimal essential medium. The colony formation efficiency was positively related to the serum concentrations and remained significantly lower in minimal essential medium than in BM at comparable serum levels. The observed positive relationship between colony formation efficiency and cell densities at plating suggests a cooperative mitogenic effect, likely due to autocrine and paracrine action of secreted growth factors. These results define a model to evaluate hormonal growth regulation mediated by autocrine mitogens in @entity0 @entity4 cells in the absence of interfering exogenous growth factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Proliferation and responsiveness to @entity2 of @entity0 XXXX cells under serum-free culture conditions.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Studies of hormonal growth regulation in cultured @entity0 @entity4 cells are limited by the requirement of exogenous growth factors, usually supplied by addition of serum. The present report provides evidence that @entity1 can stimulate proliferation of @entity4 cells of the Ishikawa line in the absence of serum or added growth factors. Mitogenic effects of @entity2 were demonstrated in two different experimental systems, in cells attached to the substratum of @entity0 tissue culture dishes, and in cells forming colonies in soft agar under anchorage-independent conditions. Addition of @entity1 to a mixture of serum-free, @entity5 red-free Dulbecco's minimal essential medium and Ham's F-12 medium, supplemented with @entity6 and @entity7 [basal medium: (BM)] significantly increased the proliferation of cells attached to culture dishes. Dose-response experiments revealed maximal @entity1 stimulation at 10 nM; significant responses were also observed at 1 nM and at 100 nM concentrations. The mitogenic effect of 10 nM @entity1 was comparable to that of 1% charcoal-treated fetal bovine serum and the two effects were additive. The presence of @entity1 in serum-free BM resulted in a shortening of the doubling time of exponentially proliferating cells from 38 to 29 h. From the labeling index, measured after exposure to a pulse of @entity3 , and from the mitotic index, both determined in exponentially proliferating cells, the lengths of the S and M phases were calculated to be 11 and 1 h, respectively. From these data it was estimated that @entity1 shortened the G1 phase by approximately 40%, from 22 to 13 h. @entity1 doubled the colony formation efficiency of cells plated in BM containing 0.3% agar in the absence of serum as well as in the presence of 1% charcoal-treated fetal bovine serum. The stimulation of colony formation by @entity1 was influenced by medium components, since no effects were observed in minimal essential medium. The colony formation efficiency was positively related to the serum concentrations and remained significantly lower in minimal essential medium than in BM at comparable serum levels. The observed positive relationship between colony formation efficiency and cell densities at plating suggests a cooperative mitogenic effect, likely due to autocrine and paracrine action of secreted growth factors. These results define a model to evaluate hormonal growth regulation mediated by autocrine mitogens in @entity0 @entity4 cells in the absence of interfering exogenous growth factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Proliferation and responsiveness to @entity2 of XXXX @entity4 cells under serum-free culture conditions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Kr  ppel-like factor 4 ( @entity6 ) is a @entity3 -finger protein that plays important roles in stem cells and the development of @entity4 . However, the role of @entity6 in primary @entity1 is unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine possible roles of @entity6 in @entity1 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The @entity6 expression in primary @entity1 tissues and case-matched normal lung tissues were determined by protein and mRNA analyses. The effects of @entity6 on cell proliferation, clonogenic formation, and cell cycle progression were determined in cultured @entity1 cells or bronchial epithelial cells after enforced @entity6 overexpression or small interfering RNA knockdown. The in vivo antitumor activity of @entity6 was evaluated by using stably transfected @entity1 cells and by adenovector-mediated gene delivery. The effect of @entity6 in regulating @entity5 and @entity7 was also evaluated. RESULTS: @entity6 protein and mRNA levels were dramatically decreased in most primary @entity1 compared with in case-matched normal lung tissues. Enforced expression of @entity6 resulted in marked inhibition of cell growth and clonogenic formation. The @entity2 -suppressive effect of @entity6 was associated with its role in up-regulating @entity5 and down-regulating @entity7 , leading to cell cycle arrest at the G(1)-S checkpoint. Knockdown of @entity6 promoted cell growth in immortalized @entity0 bronchial epithelial cells. The enforced expression of @entity6 gene to @entity1 cells by ex vivo transfection or adenovector-mediated gene transfer suppressed @entity2 growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity6 plays an important role in suppressing the growth of @entity1 .

title: Putative @entity2 in primary XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Kr  ppel-like factor 4 ( @entity6 ) is a @entity3 -finger protein that plays important roles in stem cells and the development of @entity4 . However, the role of @entity6 in primary @entity1 is unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine possible roles of @entity6 in @entity1 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The @entity6 expression in primary @entity1 tissues and case-matched normal lung tissues were determined by protein and mRNA analyses. The effects of @entity6 on cell proliferation, clonogenic formation, and cell cycle progression were determined in cultured @entity1 cells or bronchial epithelial cells after enforced @entity6 overexpression or small interfering RNA knockdown. The in vivo antitumor activity of @entity6 was evaluated by using stably transfected @entity1 cells and by adenovector-mediated gene delivery. The effect of @entity6 in regulating @entity5 and @entity7 was also evaluated. RESULTS: @entity6 protein and mRNA levels were dramatically decreased in most primary @entity1 compared with in case-matched normal lung tissues. Enforced expression of @entity6 resulted in marked inhibition of cell growth and clonogenic formation. The @entity2 -suppressive effect of @entity6 was associated with its role in up-regulating @entity5 and down-regulating @entity7 , leading to cell cycle arrest at the G(1)-S checkpoint. Knockdown of @entity6 promoted cell growth in immortalized @entity0 bronchial epithelial cells. The enforced expression of @entity6 gene to @entity1 cells by ex vivo transfection or adenovector-mediated gene transfer suppressed @entity2 growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that @entity6 plays an important role in suppressing the growth of @entity1 .

title: Putative XXXX in primary @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity1 Management System includes a @entity2 -reflectance meter with memory that can interface with a microcomputer for data manipulation and analysis. We evaluated the system in a short-term randomized control trial to determine its impact on metabolic control, self-monitoring of blood @entity2 (SMBG) testing behaviors, regimen self-adjustment, understanding of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) treatment, attitudes about SMBG, and perceived quality of @entity0 -physician interaction. Twenty-nine adolescent subjects (experimental) with @entity3 were randomly assigned the Glucometer M system for 4 mo. Twenty-eight control subjects used meters without memory. All subjects returned twice to the clinic at 2-mo intervals during the study. At clinic visits, both groups reviewed their SMBG data with their physician. Reviews on experimental subjects were conducted with computer-generated data formats. Control subject reviews used traditional logbooks. Both groups showed a significant drop in glycosylated hemoglobin during the study period (P less than .001); however, there were no between-group differences. There were also no differences in SMBG testing behavior or self-reported regimen self-adjustment between groups or within groups compared with baseline. Compared with control subjects, experimental subjects indicated a significant increase in self-reported understanding of @entity3 treatment (P = .002), perceived importance of testing (P = .006), and the quality of interaction with their physician (P less than .001). These data suggest that use of computer-assisted SMBG systems in the outpatient setting does not improve metabolic control over 4 mo. It may, however, contribute to improving communication between the @entity0 and health-care providers.

title: Clinical evaluation of computer-assisted self-monitoring of blood XXXX system.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We sought to identify instruments assessing sleep quality that measure the domains of sleep applicable to @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 and are feasible to use and have appropriate reliability, validity, and responsiveness properties. A systematic review of sleep instruments was conducted. In particular, domains related to sleep that were assessed in the instruments were identified and evaluated. Feasibility characteristics and psychometric properties of instruments were reviewed. At OMERACT 9, the preparatory work was described at the plenary session of the @entity0 Perspective Workshop, and the tasks of 3 breakout groups in ranking and scoring the domains and sleep instruments were outlined. Each breakout group considered different aspects of sleep: sleep domains, feasibility, and psychometric properties. The rapporteur for each breakout group reported back to the plenary on the domains and sleep instruments that achieved the highest rank/score. The systematic review identified 45 sleep instruments of interest. Based on these instruments, 14 domains of sleep were identified. The top ranked domains were: Sleep Adequacy (1), Sleep Maintenance (2), Sleep Initiation (3) and Daytime Functioning (4). The top ranked instruments on feasibility were: Athens @entity1 Scale (2.3), Medical Outcome Study (MOS) Sleep (4.0), @entity1 Severity Index (4.9), and @entity0 's Health @entity1 Rating Scale (5.5). The highest scored instruments on psychometric properties were: Athens @entity1 Scale (13.6), Sleep Assessment Questionnaire (13), Pittsburgh Sleep Diary (12), and MOS Sleep (11). Sleep domains have been reviewed, and several sleep instruments have been identified. These instruments should be considered for use in planned clinical trials of @entity2 @entity0 to assess their applicability.

title: Assessing quality of sleep in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We sought to identify instruments assessing sleep quality that measure the domains of sleep applicable to @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 and are feasible to use and have appropriate reliability, validity, and responsiveness properties. A systematic review of sleep instruments was conducted. In particular, domains related to sleep that were assessed in the instruments were identified and evaluated. Feasibility characteristics and psychometric properties of instruments were reviewed. At OMERACT 9, the preparatory work was described at the plenary session of the @entity0 Perspective Workshop, and the tasks of 3 breakout groups in ranking and scoring the domains and sleep instruments were outlined. Each breakout group considered different aspects of sleep: sleep domains, feasibility, and psychometric properties. The rapporteur for each breakout group reported back to the plenary on the domains and sleep instruments that achieved the highest rank/score. The systematic review identified 45 sleep instruments of interest. Based on these instruments, 14 domains of sleep were identified. The top ranked domains were: Sleep Adequacy (1), Sleep Maintenance (2), Sleep Initiation (3) and Daytime Functioning (4). The top ranked instruments on feasibility were: Athens @entity1 Scale (2.3), Medical Outcome Study (MOS) Sleep (4.0), @entity1 Severity Index (4.9), and @entity0 's Health @entity1 Rating Scale (5.5). The highest scored instruments on psychometric properties were: Athens @entity1 Scale (13.6), Sleep Assessment Questionnaire (13), Pittsburgh Sleep Diary (12), and MOS Sleep (11). Sleep domains have been reviewed, and several sleep instruments have been identified. These instruments should be considered for use in planned clinical trials of @entity2 @entity0 to assess their applicability.

title: Assessing quality of sleep in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 in childhood is uncommon. Clinical features are much the same as in @entity2 , however, @entity1 , and functional disease is more common. Management is governed by the same general principles in all age groups. @entity3 are rare. Inflammation, either bacterial or viral, is the most common disease. @entity7 usually resolves at puberty. @entity0 is rare, and the majority of @entity0 are benign and occur in the parotid gland. Malignancy is suggested by rapid growth, @entity4 , skin fixation, and @entity5 . Surgical treatment of @entity6 should only be considered after careful assessment. Relocation of the submandibular ducts is the treatment of choice.

title: XXXX in childhood.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) is being increasingly used both for localization and, in some cases, diagnosis of @entity3 . There are no prospective studies of its specificity or occurrence of false-positive results and their effects on management. This study was designed to address both of these issues. METHODS: Over a 40-mo period, 146 consecutive @entity0 with @entity9 ( @entity9 ) undergoing 480 @entity8 examinations were studied prospectively. @entity0 were admitted at least yearly and underwent @entity8 as well as conventional imaging studies (ultrasonography, CT, MRI) and angiography, if necessary. All admissions were assigned to one of five different clinical categories in which imaging studies had different purposes. @entity8 localizations were classified as true-positive or false-positive based on preset criteria. A false-positive result was determined to change clinical management based on five preset criteria. RESULTS: Of all @entity8 examinations, 12% resulted in a false-positive localization for a @entity1 or its metastases, resulting in a sensitivity of 71%, specificity of 86% and positive and negative predictive values of 85% and 52%, respectively. Extra-abdominal false-positive localizations (2/3) were more common than intra-abdominal (1/3). @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity4 were the most frequent causes of extra-abdominal false-positive localizations. @entity7 , localization to previous operative sites, renal @entity2 and various procedural aspects were the most frequent causes of intra-abdominal false-positive localizations. Of all @entity8 studies, 2.7% resulted in a false-positive result that altered management. CONCLUSION: False-positive @entity8 localization occurs in 1 of 10 @entity0 with @entity9 . By having a thorough understanding of diseases or circumstances that result in false-positive localization and comparing the @entity8 result with the clinical context, the percentage of @entity0 in whom false-positive localization results in altered management can be reduced to below 3% and the correct diagnosis made in almost every case.

title: Specificity of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy: a prospective study and effects of false-positive localizations on management in XXXX with gastrinomas.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity0 embryonic stem cells (hESCs) which express a reporter gene consistently during all phases of differentiation would be valuable for basic research on cell transplantation. In this study, we describe karyotypically-abnormal variant hESCs, BGO1V2-EFG, which express hrGFP driven by the EF1 promoter. METHODS: BGO1V2-EFG cells were analyzed by using immunocytochemistry, single cell-based confocal image, and in vitro differentiation, including dopaminergic differentiation. RESULTS: Undifferentiated BGO1V2-EFG cells expressed pluripotent ESC markers and retained the ability to differentiate into cell types of all three germ layers. BGO1V2-EFG cells maintained stable and robust hrGFP expression in vitro in the undifferentiated state and during differentiation. The EF1 promoter retained activity during dopaminergic differentiation, as 76% of @entity2 hydroxlase (TH)-positive cells co-expressed hrGFP by confocal analysis. Treated with @entity3 (0.02 mM to 2.0 mM), an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), during differentiation did not affect hrGFP expression, although TH expression was reduced by higher concentrations of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: BGO1V2-EFG cells maintain stable and robust hrGFP expression in the undifferentiated state and during neural differentiation. Especially, the EF1 promoter was effective in driving hrGFP expression during dopaminergic differentiation. BGO1V2-EFG cells may be useful for transplantation studies in @entity1 animal models.

title: XXXX embryonic stem cells which express hrGFP in the undifferentiated state and during dopaminergic differentiation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Maximum surgical effort to minimize @entity1 following primary surgery has been shown to increase mean survival in @entity0 with @entity2 . From September, 1983 to November, 1987, 22 @entity0 underwent resection of the urinary tract as a part of cytoreductive surgery. Seven @entity0 underwent partial cystectomy, four underwent partial cystectomy with ureteroneocystotomy, five @entity0 underwent ureteroneocystotomy while an additional four @entity0 underwent ureteroureteral anastomosis. One @entity0 underwent primary transverse colon conduit while another underwent a similar procedure after developing urinary leakage. All anastomoses were protected with indwelling stents while the urinary bladder was drained with an indwelling Foley catheter for ten days. Both @entity0 requiring conduits had undergone prior radiation therapy in addition to chemotherapy. Nine major and two minor complications occurred in seven @entity0 . One @entity0 died six weeks postoperatively after concurrent hepatic resection. Optimal cytoreduction was possible in 59% of the @entity0 , and was associated with a mean survival of 15.2 months. Optimal cytoreduction including resection of the urinary tract was associated with longer survival and acceptable morbidity and it appears to be justified in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Advanced XXXX : urinary tract resection as a part of cytoreductive surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the safety, efficacy, and stability of conductive keratoplasty (CK) in the treatment of @entity2 . METHODS: Ten near plano presbyopic @entity0 (6 @entity0 and 4 @entity0 ) underwent unilateral CK in the @entity1 . Mean age was 51 +/- 3.1 years (range: 46 to 56 years). The surgeries were the author's first 10 CK procedures performed. The postoperative target for these eyes ranged from -1.25 to -1.75 diopters (D). RESULTS: Preoperative mean manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) was -0.18 +/- 0.27 D (range: -0.75 to -0.25 D), yielding a mean near uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) of J10 (range: J12 to J5). Twelve months after CK, the mean near UCVA was J1 (range: J3 to J1) with 90% (9/10) eyes J1 and 100% (10/10) eyes J3 or better. The mean MRSE was -1.31 +/- 0.53 D (range: -2.25 to -0.75 D). Treated eyes lost an average of 2.2 +/- 2 lines (range: 0 to 5) of distance UCVA but gained an average of 8.7 +/- 2 lines (range: 4 to 11) of near UCVA. No eye lost best spectacle-corrected visual acuity or had induced cylinder > or = 0.75 D. Nine (90%) of 10 @entity0 had binocular distance UCVA < or = 20/20 and near UCVA < or = J1 and all 10 (100%) @entity0 had binocular distance UCVA < or = 20/25 and near UCVA < or = J3. CONCLUSIONS: Conductive keratoplasty for the treatment of @entity2 provided safe and effective results 1 year following the initial surgery. Longer follow-up will be needed to describe refractive stability. The mean near and distance UCVA results were better than expected for the amount of refractive change observed during this study.

title: Conductive keratoplasty for XXXX : 1-year results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) are a promising source to treat various @entity1 . Potential applications are to use such cells for reprogramming to induce pluripotent stem cells or for secretion of proteins into the brain. These applications usually involve expression of heterologously expressed genes which is difficult to achieve in hNPCs. We tested several protocols for non-viral gene transfer and different promoters. Nucleofection and the cytomegalovirus enhancer/ @entity3 @entity4 promoter allowed expression of foreign genes in hNPCs for up to 6 months. Treatment with the antibiotic G418 enabled us to select stably transfected cells which were subcloned and continued to express the NPC marker nestin. Differentiation of stably nucleofected hNPCs revealed that multipotency was maintained following long-term expansion of subcloned hNPCs. After differentiation for 3 weeks in vitro or in vivo following striatal transplantations transfected hNPCs expressed voltage-gated @entity2 channels suggesting the development of functional properties during neuronal maturation. In conclusion, stably nucleofected hNPCs can be isolated, subcloned, and expanded for up to 6 months without loss of their differentiation potential. These data provide a basis for future studies using hNPCs to investigate the neuronal differentiation in vivo after transplantation, the feasibility as a vector for gene (protein) therapy, and the induction of pluripotent stem cells.

title: Non-viral gene transfer by nucleofection allows stable gene expression in XXXX neural progenitor cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The target cells of most @entity0 hormones contain prominent structures termed nuclear bodies (NB). @entity1 (ES) responsive tissues have very distinctive NB, whose development has been associated with both the level of ES receptors and their retention times in nuclei. It has been suggested that these NB may be large-scale ES binding centers at transcriptionally hyperstimulated sites. We examined the formation of NB in ES-stimulated rooster liver, after primary induction of vitellogenesis and during subsequent decay of this response. Distinct NB appear 6 h postinduction, initially as compact spheroids with ring-like profiles and later on as more complex morphotypes. Nuclei average 15-17 NB each at peak induction (24-48 h), but this declines again gradually as the hormonal response abates. This transient pattern is paralleled closely by the [3H]ES binding capacity of nuclei in vitro and the calculated number of specific hormone receptors present. There is no direct numerical correspondence, however, between the NB and the ES receptors, either on a one-to-one basis or as some simple ratio. Hence any links between ES binding activity in nuclei and the NB must be both complex and indirect. Nuclear bodies were isolated following lysis of nuclei by sonication and separation of subfractions on discontinuous @entity2 gradients. The resultant NB-enriched fraction consisted primarily of protein, with traces of DNA and RNA. Analysis of proteins by @entity4 - @entity3 gel electrophoresis revealed a complex pattern of polypeptides, some apparently unique and probably NB-derived.

title: Isolation and analysis of nuclear bodies from XXXX -stimulated chick liver.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: An increasing number of @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are operated on before the end of the first week of antimicrobial therapy. The mortality and morbidity of this specific group are unknown. AIMS: To evaluate the outcome of @entity0 with @entity5 requiring cardiac surgery performed within the first week of antimicrobial therapy. METHODS: All consecutive @entity0 with a definite diagnosis of @entity5 operated on within the first week of antimicrobial therapy were followed prospectively. Endpoints were in-hospital mortality and a combined endpoint of long-term @entity1 , recurrence and @entity4 (PVD). The three main conditions requiring surgery, namely haemodynamic @entity2 and periannular extension, were tested as potential predictors of outcome after adjustment for relevant variables. RESULTS: Among the 95 @entity0 included, surgery was performed a median time of 3 days after starting antimicrobial therapy. In-hospital mortality was 15%. The 3-year cumulative rates of the combined endpoint and of @entity1 were 38+/-7% and 27+/-7%, respectively. Recurrence occurred in 12% and PVD in 7%. Periannular extension was the main predictor of in-hospital @entity3 and the combined endpoint. CONCLUSION: Despite the short time between starting antimicrobial therapy and performing surgery, the risk of @entity3 , recurrence and PVD does not appear excessively high. In the presence of periannular extension, however, surgery is associated with a greater risk of postoperative events.

title: Outcome after surgical treatment performed within the first week of antimicrobial therapy during XXXX : a prospective study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical factors associated with requiring more than a single course of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) to achieve remission among @entity0 with low-risk postmolar @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: We studied 150 @entity0 with persistent @entity2 after diagnosis of complete (n=110) or partial mole (n=40) to identify possible predictors of requiring additional treatment after a single treatment of @entity3 ( @entity4 ). All @entity0 had low-risk disease using FIGO and WHO scoring systems. RESULTS: Seventy @entity0 (47%) required additional courses of chemotherapy, of whom 45 (64%) received chemotherapy other than @entity4 . Multivariate analysis revealed that complete mole histology, presence of @entity1 , single day @entity4 infusion and any increase in serum beta @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) level 1 week after @entity4 therapy were independent predictors of requiring additional @entity4 or alternative chemotherapy. Dilatation and curettage (D+C) within 1 week after the diagnosis of persistence did not affect future chemotherapy requirements (p>0.64). Following complete mole, beta-hCG levels >2000 mIU/mL at 1 week post @entity4 were associated with a 89% risk of additional cycles chemotherapy including @entity4 and a 65% risk of alternative chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 , @entity4 infusion protocol and complete mole histology were independently associated with the need for additional chemotherapy after an initial course of @entity4 for @entity0 with low risk @entity2 . D+C at persistence did not alter the chemotherapy requirement. Elevated beta-hCG level at 1 week after the initial course of @entity4 was also an independent factor predicting the need for additional courses of @entity4 or alternative chemotherapy.

title: Evaluating XXXX treatment in @entity0 with low-risk postmolar @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical factors associated with requiring more than a single course of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) to achieve remission among @entity0 with low-risk postmolar @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: We studied 150 @entity0 with persistent @entity2 after diagnosis of complete (n=110) or partial mole (n=40) to identify possible predictors of requiring additional treatment after a single treatment of @entity3 ( @entity4 ). All @entity0 had low-risk disease using FIGO and WHO scoring systems. RESULTS: Seventy @entity0 (47%) required additional courses of chemotherapy, of whom 45 (64%) received chemotherapy other than @entity4 . Multivariate analysis revealed that complete mole histology, presence of @entity1 , single day @entity4 infusion and any increase in serum beta @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) level 1 week after @entity4 therapy were independent predictors of requiring additional @entity4 or alternative chemotherapy. Dilatation and curettage (D+C) within 1 week after the diagnosis of persistence did not affect future chemotherapy requirements (p>0.64). Following complete mole, beta-hCG levels >2000 mIU/mL at 1 week post @entity4 were associated with a 89% risk of additional cycles chemotherapy including @entity4 and a 65% risk of alternative chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 , @entity4 infusion protocol and complete mole histology were independently associated with the need for additional chemotherapy after an initial course of @entity4 for @entity0 with low risk @entity2 . D+C at persistence did not alter the chemotherapy requirement. Elevated beta-hCG level at 1 week after the initial course of @entity4 was also an independent factor predicting the need for additional courses of @entity4 or alternative chemotherapy.

title: Evaluating @entity3 treatment in @entity0 with low-risk postmolar XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical factors associated with requiring more than a single course of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) to achieve remission among @entity0 with low-risk postmolar @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: We studied 150 @entity0 with persistent @entity2 after diagnosis of complete (n=110) or partial mole (n=40) to identify possible predictors of requiring additional treatment after a single treatment of @entity3 ( @entity4 ). All @entity0 had low-risk disease using FIGO and WHO scoring systems. RESULTS: Seventy @entity0 (47%) required additional courses of chemotherapy, of whom 45 (64%) received chemotherapy other than @entity4 . Multivariate analysis revealed that complete mole histology, presence of @entity1 , single day @entity4 infusion and any increase in serum beta @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) level 1 week after @entity4 therapy were independent predictors of requiring additional @entity4 or alternative chemotherapy. Dilatation and curettage (D+C) within 1 week after the diagnosis of persistence did not affect future chemotherapy requirements (p>0.64). Following complete mole, beta-hCG levels >2000 mIU/mL at 1 week post @entity4 were associated with a 89% risk of additional cycles chemotherapy including @entity4 and a 65% risk of alternative chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 , @entity4 infusion protocol and complete mole histology were independently associated with the need for additional chemotherapy after an initial course of @entity4 for @entity0 with low risk @entity2 . D+C at persistence did not alter the chemotherapy requirement. Elevated beta-hCG level at 1 week after the initial course of @entity4 was also an independent factor predicting the need for additional courses of @entity4 or alternative chemotherapy.

title: Evaluating @entity3 treatment in XXXX with low-risk postmolar @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: In May 2003, an indigenously developed liposomal @entity5 (Fungisome) was introduced in the Indian market for the treatment of @entity2 and @entity1 . The present post marketing study assessed the safety and effectiveness of Fungisome in actual clinical practice. SETTING AND DESIGN: Retrospective post marketing surveillance from four cities of India. METHODS: The present study was carried out for a period of 6 months ( @entity3 -Nov 2004), a year after the introduction of the drug. A list of doctors who had prescribed and procured the drug was obtained from the distributor. Consent to participate and scrutinize the @entity0 ' source notes were obtained from the concerned doctors. All @entity0 who had received Fungisome treatment were included. Data was collected from the @entity0 's source notes on a predesigned proforma. They were then analyzed by descriptive statistics. Cost of Fungisome was calculated on the basis of dose used and number of days of treatment. RESULTS: Data were available for 109/144 @entity0 from 35/40 physicians. Fungisome was administered at 1-3 mg/kg/day for 7-76 days. No serious adverse events related to the drug were observed in the study. Mild infusion-related adverse events were reported in 40 (36%), moderate in 11 (10%) of @entity0 and severe in 2 (1.8%). None of the adverse events were certain to Fungisome exposure, 12 (11%) were probable, 28 (25 %) were possible, and 13 (11.9%) were unlikely. Of the 91 assessable @entity0 (received at least eight doses of Fungisome) for efficacy complete response was observed in 67 (73.6%), 16 (17.5%) had partial responses, and 8 (8.7%) of @entity0 had no response. The acquisition cost per day and per course treatment of different @entity2 ranged from (apprx) Rs 4500-8000 and 0.9-2.1 lakh respectively. CONCLUSION: This postmarketing study documents the safety, tolerability, effectiveness and cost advantage of indigenously developed liposomal @entity5 in the treatment of @entity2 and @entity4 in actual clinical practice.

title: Post-marketing study to assess the safety, tolerability and effectiveness of Fungisome: an Indian liposomal XXXX preparation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spontaneous healing potential and progression of @entity3 have been unclear. HYPOTHESIS: Healing potential is high in the early stage of @entity3 and low in the advanced stage. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: This retrospective study examines 39 @entity0 with @entity3 who were treated conservatively. All @entity0 were baseball players (mean age, 12.8 years). After initial examination, all @entity0 were advised to stop heavy use of the elbow. Physical and radiographic examinations were regularly performed and assessed. Mean duration of follow-up was 14.4 months. RESULTS: Early-stage lesions were present in 30 @entity0 , while 9 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity2 . Open capitellar growth plates were observed in 17 @entity0 , and closed capitellar growth plates were seen in 22 @entity0 . On final radiography, 25 of 30 early-stage lesions were assessed as healed. However, only 1 of 9 advanced-stage lesions was assessed as healed. The remaining 8 @entity2 were unimproved or progressed. @entity1 was seen in 16 of 17 @entity0 with an open growth plate and in 11 of 22 @entity0 with a closed growth plate, representing a significant difference between @entity0 with open and closed growth plates (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Spontaneous healing potential of @entity3 in @entity1 , especially in @entity0 with open capitellar growth plates, appears high, and nonoperative treatment is appropriate. Conversely, healing potential is extremely low in advanced @entity3 . Surgical intervention is recommended to achieve lesion healing in advanced cases.

title: Nonoperative treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To investigate the effect of epidural anaesthesia (EA) on pancreatic microcirculation during acute @entity5 (AP). METHODS: AP was induced by injection of @entity7 into the pancreatic duct of @entity1 . To realize EA, a catheter was introduced into the epidural space between T7 and T9 and @entity6 was injected. Microcirculatory flow was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Arterial blood gas analyses were performed. At the end of the experiment (<or=5 h), pancreas was removed for histology. The animals were divided into three groups: Group 1 (n=9), AP without EA; Group 2 (n=4), EA without AP; and Group 3 (n=6), AP treated by EA. RESULTS: In Group 1, pancreatic microcirculatory flow prior to AP was 141+/- 39 perfusion units (PU). After AP, microcirculatory flow obviously decreased to 9+/- 6 PU (P<0.05). @entity3 developed with base excess (BE) of -14+/-3 mmol/L. Histology revealed extensive @entity0 and tissue @entity2 . In Group 2, EA did not significantly modify microcirculatory flow. BE remained unchanged and histological analysis showed normal pancreatic tissue. In Group 3, AP initially caused a significant decrease in microcirculatory flow from 155+/-25 to 11+/-7 PU (P<0.05). After initiation of EA, microcirculatory flow obviously increased again to 81+/-31 PU (P<0.05). BE was -6+/-4 mmol/L, which was significantly different compared to Group 1 (P<0.05). Furthermore, histology revealed less extensive @entity0 and @entity2 in pancreatic tissue in Group 3 than that in Group 1. CONCLUSION: AP caused dramatic microcirculatory changes within the pancreas, with development of @entity3 and tissue @entity2 . EA allowed partial restoration of microcirculatory flow and prevented development of @entity2 . Therefore, EA should be considered as therapeutic option to prevent evolution from @entity4 .

title: Epidural anaesthesia restores pancreatic microcirculation and decreases the severity of acute XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Pathogenic Yersinia species are associated with both localized and @entity2 in @entity0 hosts. In this study, signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis was used to identify @entity5 genes required for survival in a @entity1 model of @entity2 . Approximately 2000 transposon insertion mutants were screened for attenuation. This led to the identification of 55 mutants defective for survival in the animal host, as judged by their ability to compete with the wild-type strain in @entity3 . A total of 28 mutants had transposon insertions in the virulence plasmid, validating the screen. Two of the plasmid mutants with severe virulence defects had insertions in an uncharacterized region. Several of the chromosomal insertions were in a gene cluster involved in O-antigen biosynthesis. Other chromosomal insertions identified genes not previously demonstrated as being required for in vivo survival of @entity5 . These include genes involved in the synthesis of outer membrane components, stress response and nutrient acquisition. One severely attenuated mutant had an insertion in a homologue of the pspC gene (phage shock protein C) of @entity4 . The phage shock protein operon has no known biochemical or physiological function in @entity4 , but is apparently essential for the survival of @entity5 during @entity2 .

title: Identification of XXXX genes affecting survival in an animal host using signature-tagged transposon mutagenesis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity7 dehydrogenase has been cloned from @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity10 . The genes were identified by using a novel complementation assay employing an @entity1 mutant incapable of consuming @entity3 as the sole @entity0 source but capable of growth on glucarate. A shotgun library of @entity2 was screened in the mutant @entity1 by growing transformed cells on minimal medium containing @entity3 . Colonies that survived were evaluated for @entity7 dehydrogenase, which is capable of converting @entity3 to @entity8 . In this manner, a 0.8-kb open reading frame was identified and subsequently verified to be udh. Homologous enzymes in @entity5 and A. tumefaciens were identified based on a similarity search of the sequenced genomes. Recombinant proteins from each of the three organisms expressed in @entity1 were purified and characterized. For all three enzymes, the turnover number (k(cat)) with @entity3 as a substrate was higher than that with @entity9 ; however, the Michaelis constant (K(m)) for @entity9 was lower than that for @entity3 . The A. tumefaciens enzyme was found to have the highest rate constant (k(cat) = 1.9 x 10(2) s(-1) on @entity3 ), which was more than twofold higher than those of both of the pseudomonad enzymes.

title: Cloning and characterization of XXXX dehydrogenases from two pseudomonads and @entity10 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity7 dehydrogenase has been cloned from @entity4 , @entity6 , and @entity10 . The genes were identified by using a novel complementation assay employing an @entity1 mutant incapable of consuming @entity3 as the sole @entity0 source but capable of growth on glucarate. A shotgun library of @entity2 was screened in the mutant @entity1 by growing transformed cells on minimal medium containing @entity3 . Colonies that survived were evaluated for @entity7 dehydrogenase, which is capable of converting @entity3 to @entity8 . In this manner, a 0.8-kb open reading frame was identified and subsequently verified to be udh. Homologous enzymes in @entity5 and A. tumefaciens were identified based on a similarity search of the sequenced genomes. Recombinant proteins from each of the three organisms expressed in @entity1 were purified and characterized. For all three enzymes, the turnover number (k(cat)) with @entity3 as a substrate was higher than that with @entity9 ; however, the Michaelis constant (K(m)) for @entity9 was lower than that for @entity3 . The A. tumefaciens enzyme was found to have the highest rate constant (k(cat) = 1.9 x 10(2) s(-1) on @entity3 ), which was more than twofold higher than those of both of the pseudomonad enzymes.

title: Cloning and characterization of @entity7 dehydrogenases from two pseudomonads and XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity3 of the external nose appear during embryologic development. Their usual location is midline nasal area. The most common are @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity4 and meningocele. The histopatology confirms @entity2 in 60%. Diagnosis is based mainly on clinical examination of the @entity0 . Computer tomography and magnetic resonance are useful to reveal the pathway of intracranial herniation or presence of associated anomalies of the cranial bones. A complete surgical removal of the lesion is the only effective treatment. In Plastic Surgery Clinic in Lodz, 20 @entity0 2-20 years old were operated between the years 1973-2004. Treatment consisted of simple surgical excision of the nasal lesion. The @entity2 was diagnosed in 55%. In 3 cases, where @entity4 were observed, a preparation and simple ligature was performed. The results of all operations were satisfactory. @entity3 of the external nose should be considered as @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity4 or meningocele. Complete excision is very important. Deformations of the nose after surgery are to be corrected after the facial skull growth process ends.

title: [ XXXX of the external nose].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECT: Because of their critical location adjacent to brain, cranial nerve, and vascular structures, @entity4 remain a clinical challenge. The authors evaluated outcomes in 168 @entity0 with @entity4 who underwent Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) during a 21-year interval. METHODS: Gamma Knife surgery was used as either primary or adjuvant treatment of 168 @entity4 involving the region between the petrous apex and the upper two-thirds of the clivus. The most common presenting symptoms were trigeminal nerve dysfunction, balance problems, @entity3 , and @entity2 . The median @entity1 volume was 6.1 cm3 (range 0.3-32.5 cm3), and the median radiation dose to the @entity1 margin was 13 Gy (range 9-18 Gy). RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 72 months, neurological status improved in 44 @entity0 (26%), remained stable in 98 (58%), and worsened in 26 (15%). @entity1 volume decreased in 78 @entity0 (46%), remained stable in 74 (44%), and increased in 16 (10%), all of whom were subjected to additional management strategies. Overall 5- and 10-year progression-free survival rates were 91 and 86%, respectively. @entity0 followed up for at least 10 years (31 @entity0 ) had @entity1 and symptom control rates of 97 and 94%, respectively. Eight @entity0 had repeat radiosurgery, 4 underwent delayed resection, and 4 had fractionated radiation therapy. Cerebrospinal fluid diversion was performed in 7 @entity0 (4%). Significant risk factors for @entity1 progression were a @entity1 volume > or = 8 cm3 (p = 0.001) and male sex (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In this 21-year experience, GKS for @entity4 obviated initial or further resection in 98% of @entity0 and was associated with a low risk of adverse radiation effects. The authors believe that radiosurgery should be considered as an initial option for @entity0 with smaller-volume, symptomatic @entity4 .

title: Long-term control of XXXX through radiosurgery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of @entity1 injections for @entity0 with @entity4 of the shoulder or elbow. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature using PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane library and manual searches was performed until April 2008. All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the efficacy on @entity2 , and/or the safety of @entity1 injections, versus placebo, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or physiotherapy in @entity0 with @entity4 were selected. Pooled effect size (ES) was calculated by meta-analysis using the Mantel-Haenszel method. RESULTS: In all, 20 RCTs were analysed (744 @entity0 treated by injections and 987 @entity0 treated by controls; 618 shoulders and 1113 elbows). The pooled analysis indicated only short-term effectiveness of @entity3 versus the pooled controls for @entity2 and function (eg, @entity2 at week 1-3 ES = 1.18 (95% CI 0.27 to 2.09), @entity2 at week 4-8 ES = 1.30 (95% CI 0.55 to 2.04), @entity2 at week 12-24 ES = -0.38 (95% CI -0.85 to 0.08) and @entity2 at week 48 ES = 0.07 (95% CI -0.60 to 0.75)). Sensitivity analyses indicated similar results whatever the localisation, type of @entity1 and type of comparator except for NSAIDs: @entity1 injections were not significantly better than NSAIDs in the short-term. @entity1 injections appeared more effective than pooled other treatments in acute or subacute @entity4 . The main side effects were transient @entity2 after injection (10.7% of corticosteroid injections) and skin modification (4.0%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 injections are well tolerated and more effective for @entity4 in the short-term than pooled other treatments, though similar to NSAIDs. No long-term benefit was shown.

title: Efficacy and safety of @entity1 injections for shoulder and elbow XXXX : a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of @entity1 injections for @entity0 with @entity4 of the shoulder or elbow. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature using PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane library and manual searches was performed until April 2008. All randomised controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the efficacy on @entity2 , and/or the safety of @entity1 injections, versus placebo, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or physiotherapy in @entity0 with @entity4 were selected. Pooled effect size (ES) was calculated by meta-analysis using the Mantel-Haenszel method. RESULTS: In all, 20 RCTs were analysed (744 @entity0 treated by injections and 987 @entity0 treated by controls; 618 shoulders and 1113 elbows). The pooled analysis indicated only short-term effectiveness of @entity3 versus the pooled controls for @entity2 and function (eg, @entity2 at week 1-3 ES = 1.18 (95% CI 0.27 to 2.09), @entity2 at week 4-8 ES = 1.30 (95% CI 0.55 to 2.04), @entity2 at week 12-24 ES = -0.38 (95% CI -0.85 to 0.08) and @entity2 at week 48 ES = 0.07 (95% CI -0.60 to 0.75)). Sensitivity analyses indicated similar results whatever the localisation, type of @entity1 and type of comparator except for NSAIDs: @entity1 injections were not significantly better than NSAIDs in the short-term. @entity1 injections appeared more effective than pooled other treatments in acute or subacute @entity4 . The main side effects were transient @entity2 after injection (10.7% of corticosteroid injections) and skin modification (4.0%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 injections are well tolerated and more effective for @entity4 in the short-term than pooled other treatments, though similar to NSAIDs. No long-term benefit was shown.

title: Efficacy and safety of XXXX injections for shoulder and elbow @entity4 : a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Recent advances in genomic medicine have contributed to the acceleration of our understanding regarding the pathogenesis of @entity4 , improving diagnostic accuracy with the introduction of novel biomarkers and personalizing therapeutics with the incorporation of pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic procedures to drug development and clinical practice. Most @entity2 , including @entity3 ( @entity3 ), share some common features, such as a genomic background in which hundreds of genes might be involved, genome-environment interactions, complex pathogenic pathways, poor therapeutic outcomes and @entity5 . The main aim of a cost-effective treatment is to halt disease progression via modification of the functional cascade involving @entity3 genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Unfortunately, the drugs available for the treatment of @entity4 are not cost effective. The pharmacological treatment of @entity4 accounts for 10-20% of direct costs, and fewer than 20% of the @entity0 are moderate responders to conventional drugs, some of which may cause important adverse drug reactions. Future antidementia drugs must address the complex pathogenic niche of the disease from a multifactorial perspective. Pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic factors may account for 60-90% of drug variability in drug disposition and pharmacodynamics. In addition to antidementia drugs, @entity0 with @entity3 or with other forms of @entity4 need concomitant medications for the treatment of diverse disorders of the CNS associated with progressive @entity1 . Approximately 60-80% of drugs acting on the CNS are metabolized via enzymes of the CYP gene superfamily, and 10-20% of Caucasians are carriers of defective @entity9 polymorphic variants that alter the metabolism of many psychotropic agents. Only 26% of the @entity0 are pure extensive metabolizers for the trigenic cluster integrated by allelic variants of the @entity9 , @entity7 and @entity8 in combination. Although many genes have been suggested to be associated with @entity3 , with the exception of @entity6 , most polymorphic variants of potential risk exhibit a very weak association with @entity3 . @entity6 /4 carriers exhibit a dramatic biological disadvantage in comparison with other genotypes, and @entity3 @entity0 harboring this homozygous condition are the worst responders to conventional drugs. The incorporation of pharmacogenetic/pharmacogenomic protocols into @entity3 research and clinical practice can foster the optimization of therapeutics by helping to develop cost-effective biopharmaceuticals and improving drug efficacy and safety.

title: Pharmacogenomics and therapeutic strategies for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Use of trancatheter device closure for membranous @entity5 is still in evolving phase. We report the early and mid-term results of our experience with the new asymmetric Amplatzer membranous @entity5 occluder. METHODS AND RESULTS: We attempted, transcatheter closure of perimembranous @entity5 using asymmetric Amplatzer occluder in 26 @entity0 . The @entity0 were selected on the basis of transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiographic assessment of the @entity5 . The procedure was successful in 21 (81%) @entity0 . The age ranged from 3 to 23 years, weight from 10 to 59 kg and defect size ranged from 3 to 9 mm (mean: 5 +/- 1.8 mm). One @entity0 had situs inversus with @entity8 : 11 had aneurysmal tissue partly occluding the defect and the device was deployed either across (n=6) or within the aneurysmal sac (n=5). Three @entity0 developed high degree @entity3 on attempts to cross the defect with the sheath and the procedure was discontinued. In two @entity0 it was not possible to place the sheath in left ventricle despite repeated attempts. There was a residual flow in 4 (19%) @entity0 at 24 hours. Two @entity0 developed @entity7 and none had complete @entity2 . At follow-up (1-9 months, n=20), residual flow was seen in two @entity0 . None developed late @entity9 , @entity1 , @entity4 or @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Transcatheter closure of perimembranous @entity5 can be performed safely and effectively with the new asymmetric Amplatzer occluder device in selected @entity0 with good short- and midterm results. These devices can be deployed safely in and across and the aneurysmal sacs. In selected cases, this procedure is a satisfactory alternative to surgery.

title: Transcatheter closure of perimembranous XXXX with amplatzer membranous occluder.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM OF THE STUDY: Mitral valve repair is the procedure of choice for severe @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The objective of this study was to review prospectively gathered echocardiographic and clinical results with mitral valve repair for @entity1 . METHODS: Between May 1995 and July 2004, 403 @entity0 underwent mitral valve repair for @entity1 (mean age 63 +/- 12 years, 72% males). Concomitant procedures included CABG (29%), radiofrequency left-sided maze procedure (8%), @entity4 (6%), and tricuspid valve repair (4%). RESULTS: Thirty-day mortality was 0.4% for @entity0 with isolated mitral valve repair and 5.1% for @entity0 with mitral valve repair and concomitant procedure (p = 0.003). Five-year survival was higher for isolated mitral valve repair compared to mitral valve repair with a combined procedure (92 +/- 2% vs. 76 +/- 5%; p < 0.001). Pulmonary artery pressure and left atrial and left ventricular end-diastolic diameters were significantly improved following mitral valve repair (all p <or= 0.005) and this was sustained afterward. The freedom from severe (3+ or 4+) and moderate-severe (2+, 3+, or 4+) @entity2 was 95% and 77% at 5 years, respectively, whereas the freedom from reoperation was 96 +/- 1% at 5 years. Significant predictors of moderate-severe @entity2 recurrence were @entity3 , anterior leaflet prolapse, and concomitant procedure, whereas @entity2 amenable to posterior leaflet resection had a lower risk of @entity2 recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Excellent clinical outcomes can be obtained using standard techniques of mitral valve repair of the degenerative valve. @entity2 recurrence is low but nonnegligible, emphasizing the necessity for long-term postoperative echocardiographic follow-up in these @entity0 .

title: Late echocardiographic and clinical outcomes after mitral valve repair for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The goal of these National Cancer Institute-sponsored phase I trials is to determine the feasibility, @entity3 , and pharmacokinetics of continuous-infusion (24 hr/d, 7 d/wk, 7 weeks total) intravenous @entity6 combined with standard, curative-intent thoracic radiation therapy (XRT) for previously untreated, locally advanced @entity5 and @entity2 ( @entity4 ). Eligible @entity0 have locally advanced (T4NXM0 or TXN2-3M0) @entity5 ineligible for potentially curative surgical resection or locally advanced @entity4 with an expected 5-year survival rate of less than 25%, as well as a good performance status, adequate hematologic, hepatic, and renal function, and no distant metastases. @entity5 @entity0 receive a total @entity1 dose of 64.8 Gy megavoltage XRT in 7 weeks at 1.8 Gy once daily, 5 d/wk. @entity0 with @entity4 receive 70 Gy megavoltage XRT in 7 weeks at 2 Gy once daily, 5 d/wk. @entity6 is delivered by continuous intravenous infusion starting 48 hours before XRT and continuing for its duration. The dose of @entity6 is escalated in cohorts of three @entity0 in a standard phase I design. To date, 49 @entity0 have been entered on both studies and 43 are evaluable for @entity3 . @entity6 dose is currently at the 17 mg/m2/d dose level, with no dose-limiting @entity3 thus far. Clinical outcomes suggest significant activity for this combination. This therapy is feasible and has been well-tolerated through current dose levels. Dose escalation is ongoing.

title: Seven-week continuous-infusion XXXX concurrent with radiation therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung and @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The goal of these National Cancer Institute-sponsored phase I trials is to determine the feasibility, @entity3 , and pharmacokinetics of continuous-infusion (24 hr/d, 7 d/wk, 7 weeks total) intravenous @entity6 combined with standard, curative-intent thoracic radiation therapy (XRT) for previously untreated, locally advanced @entity5 and @entity2 ( @entity4 ). Eligible @entity0 have locally advanced (T4NXM0 or TXN2-3M0) @entity5 ineligible for potentially curative surgical resection or locally advanced @entity4 with an expected 5-year survival rate of less than 25%, as well as a good performance status, adequate hematologic, hepatic, and renal function, and no distant metastases. @entity5 @entity0 receive a total @entity1 dose of 64.8 Gy megavoltage XRT in 7 weeks at 1.8 Gy once daily, 5 d/wk. @entity0 with @entity4 receive 70 Gy megavoltage XRT in 7 weeks at 2 Gy once daily, 5 d/wk. @entity6 is delivered by continuous intravenous infusion starting 48 hours before XRT and continuing for its duration. The dose of @entity6 is escalated in cohorts of three @entity0 in a standard phase I design. To date, 49 @entity0 have been entered on both studies and 43 are evaluable for @entity3 . @entity6 dose is currently at the 17 mg/m2/d dose level, with no dose-limiting @entity3 thus far. Clinical outcomes suggest significant activity for this combination. This therapy is feasible and has been well-tolerated through current dose levels. Dose escalation is ongoing.

title: Seven-week continuous-infusion @entity6 concurrent with radiation therapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The inferior vena cava (IVC) is involved in almost 5% to 10% of @entity5 . Their intraluminar extension to the cardiac cavities occurs with a @entity2 formation at a percentage of 1%. The aim of this study is to present the principles of "radical" management that should be targeted to excision of the kidney together with the @entity2 . MATERIAL: From 2003 through 2008, we treated six @entity0 with @entity10 involving the IVC and/or the right cardiac chambers. The main symptoms leading to the diagnosis were @entity7 , @entity9 , or lower limb @entity1 . The extension of the @entity2 was type IV in three cases, type III in two, and type II in one case. METHOD: Extracorporeal circulation combined with a short period of hypothermic @entity8 was the method used. Radical nephrectomy combined with cavotomy and atriotomy was performed to an "en-block" extirpation of the @entity2 and allowed oncologic surgical clearance of the disease. RESULTS: There was no operative @entity4 . The mean postoperative course duration was 11 days, apart from one @entity3 @entity0 who presented postoperative @entity6 and died on the 44th postoperative day due to @entity11 . During the cumulative postoperative follow-up of 171 months the @entity0 remain free of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The use of extracorporeal circulation and deep hypothermic @entity8 provides a good method for radical excision of @entity5 involving the IVC with satisfactory morbidity and long-term survival results. Cooperation of urologists and cardiac surgeons is necessary for this type of operation.

title: Deep hypothermia and XXXX in the surgical management of @entity5 with cavoatrial extension.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: The inferior vena cava (IVC) is involved in almost 5% to 10% of @entity5 . Their intraluminar extension to the cardiac cavities occurs with a @entity2 formation at a percentage of 1%. The aim of this study is to present the principles of "radical" management that should be targeted to excision of the kidney together with the @entity2 . MATERIAL: From 2003 through 2008, we treated six @entity0 with @entity10 involving the IVC and/or the right cardiac chambers. The main symptoms leading to the diagnosis were @entity7 , @entity9 , or lower limb @entity1 . The extension of the @entity2 was type IV in three cases, type III in two, and type II in one case. METHOD: Extracorporeal circulation combined with a short period of hypothermic @entity8 was the method used. Radical nephrectomy combined with cavotomy and atriotomy was performed to an "en-block" extirpation of the @entity2 and allowed oncologic surgical clearance of the disease. RESULTS: There was no operative @entity4 . The mean postoperative course duration was 11 days, apart from one @entity3 @entity0 who presented postoperative @entity6 and died on the 44th postoperative day due to @entity11 . During the cumulative postoperative follow-up of 171 months the @entity0 remain free of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: The use of extracorporeal circulation and deep hypothermic @entity8 provides a good method for radical excision of @entity5 involving the IVC with satisfactory morbidity and long-term survival results. Cooperation of urologists and cardiac surgeons is necessary for this type of operation.

title: Deep hypothermia and @entity8 in the surgical management of XXXX with cavoatrial extension.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesis that increased monocyte tissue factor ( @entity8 ) levels may reflect urological @entity1 presence and progression. @entity0 , SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Using a two-stage kinetic chromogenic assay, @entity8 levels were measured in 60 controls (normal subjects [60] and @entity0 awaiting @entity5 repair or cholecystectomy [60]), @entity0 with benign and @entity7 (73), or prostate (81), and in @entity0 with and without recurrent @entity7 (30). The levels were assessed under fresh resting conditions (baseline) and after incubation for 6 h without (unstimulated) and with (stimulated) @entity4 endotoxin. Each benign disease group was subdivided into inflammatory and non-inflammatory categories. RESULTS: @entity0 with bladder and prostate malignancy showed significantly higher @entity8 levels than did each control for baseline and stimulated cells. The benign inflammatory groups for both organs had significantly higher @entity8 levels than had each control for baseline cells. There was no difference between malignant and benign inflammatory groups. Stimulated @entity8 levels showed better discrimination between the study groups. The @entity8 levels were associated with histological @entity1 progression, serum @entity6 level and static bone scan images. Levels were also higher in @entity0 with @entity3 recurrence than in those with a normal check cystoscopy. CONCLUSION: Stimulated @entity8 levels are raised in @entity2 compared with controls and @entity0 with non-inflammatory conditions, and give maximal discrimination between these groups. @entity8 levels showed an association with @entity1 grade and other markers of @entity1 progression.

title: Monocyte tissue factor levels in @entity0 with XXXX : an association between @entity1 presence and progression.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesis that increased monocyte tissue factor ( @entity8 ) levels may reflect urological @entity1 presence and progression. @entity0 , SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Using a two-stage kinetic chromogenic assay, @entity8 levels were measured in 60 controls (normal subjects [60] and @entity0 awaiting @entity5 repair or cholecystectomy [60]), @entity0 with benign and @entity7 (73), or prostate (81), and in @entity0 with and without recurrent @entity7 (30). The levels were assessed under fresh resting conditions (baseline) and after incubation for 6 h without (unstimulated) and with (stimulated) @entity4 endotoxin. Each benign disease group was subdivided into inflammatory and non-inflammatory categories. RESULTS: @entity0 with bladder and prostate malignancy showed significantly higher @entity8 levels than did each control for baseline and stimulated cells. The benign inflammatory groups for both organs had significantly higher @entity8 levels than had each control for baseline cells. There was no difference between malignant and benign inflammatory groups. Stimulated @entity8 levels showed better discrimination between the study groups. The @entity8 levels were associated with histological @entity1 progression, serum @entity6 level and static bone scan images. Levels were also higher in @entity0 with @entity3 recurrence than in those with a normal check cystoscopy. CONCLUSION: Stimulated @entity8 levels are raised in @entity2 compared with controls and @entity0 with non-inflammatory conditions, and give maximal discrimination between these groups. @entity8 levels showed an association with @entity1 grade and other markers of @entity1 progression.

title: Monocyte tissue factor levels in @entity0 with @entity1 : an association between XXXX presence and progression.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the hypothesis that increased monocyte tissue factor ( @entity8 ) levels may reflect urological @entity1 presence and progression. @entity0 , SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Using a two-stage kinetic chromogenic assay, @entity8 levels were measured in 60 controls (normal subjects [60] and @entity0 awaiting @entity5 repair or cholecystectomy [60]), @entity0 with benign and @entity7 (73), or prostate (81), and in @entity0 with and without recurrent @entity7 (30). The levels were assessed under fresh resting conditions (baseline) and after incubation for 6 h without (unstimulated) and with (stimulated) @entity4 endotoxin. Each benign disease group was subdivided into inflammatory and non-inflammatory categories. RESULTS: @entity0 with bladder and prostate malignancy showed significantly higher @entity8 levels than did each control for baseline and stimulated cells. The benign inflammatory groups for both organs had significantly higher @entity8 levels than had each control for baseline cells. There was no difference between malignant and benign inflammatory groups. Stimulated @entity8 levels showed better discrimination between the study groups. The @entity8 levels were associated with histological @entity1 progression, serum @entity6 level and static bone scan images. Levels were also higher in @entity0 with @entity3 recurrence than in those with a normal check cystoscopy. CONCLUSION: Stimulated @entity8 levels are raised in @entity2 compared with controls and @entity0 with non-inflammatory conditions, and give maximal discrimination between these groups. @entity8 levels showed an association with @entity1 grade and other markers of @entity1 progression.

title: Monocyte tissue factor levels in XXXX with @entity1 : an association between @entity1 presence and progression.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The role of @entity1 in hen reproduction is well established. However, the distribution of @entity1 receptors in the @entity2 ovary is unknown. Therefore, the mRNA expression of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity1 receptors was examined within the ovaries of laying hens. Expression of ERs was determined by RT-PCR analysis. The presence of @entity4 and @entity3 mRNAs was found in the @entity0 and white, yellowish, small yellow and the largest preovulatory (F3-F1) follicles. @entity4 and @entity3 mRNAs were detected in the granulosa and theca layers of the walls of preovulatory follicles. The expression of @entity4 mRNA was markedly higher than @entity3 mRNA in all examined ovarian compartments. Within the ovary, the relative expression of both ER mRNAs depends on the follicular diameter and the layer of the follicular wall. The results demonstrate the expression of both @entity4 mRNA and @entity3 mRNA in all compartments of the @entity2 ovary, suggesting different pathways of @entity1 action in the avian ovary. Much higher expression of @entity4 mRNA indicates that this form of @entity1 receptor is predominant in the @entity2 ovary. The clarification of the mechanism of @entity4 and @entity3 participation in the ovarian functions of birds necessitates further experiments examining ERs at the protein level.

title: Expression of alpha and beta XXXX receptors in the @entity2 ovary.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The role of @entity1 in hen reproduction is well established. However, the distribution of @entity1 receptors in the @entity2 ovary is unknown. Therefore, the mRNA expression of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity1 receptors was examined within the ovaries of laying hens. Expression of ERs was determined by RT-PCR analysis. The presence of @entity4 and @entity3 mRNAs was found in the @entity0 and white, yellowish, small yellow and the largest preovulatory (F3-F1) follicles. @entity4 and @entity3 mRNAs were detected in the granulosa and theca layers of the walls of preovulatory follicles. The expression of @entity4 mRNA was markedly higher than @entity3 mRNA in all examined ovarian compartments. Within the ovary, the relative expression of both ER mRNAs depends on the follicular diameter and the layer of the follicular wall. The results demonstrate the expression of both @entity4 mRNA and @entity3 mRNA in all compartments of the @entity2 ovary, suggesting different pathways of @entity1 action in the avian ovary. Much higher expression of @entity4 mRNA indicates that this form of @entity1 receptor is predominant in the @entity2 ovary. The clarification of the mechanism of @entity4 and @entity3 participation in the ovarian functions of birds necessitates further experiments examining ERs at the protein level.

title: Expression of alpha and beta @entity1 receptors in the XXXX ovary.

answer: @entity2


abstract: While the response to Leishmania spp. is well characterized in @entity1 and @entity0 , much less is known concerning the @entity2 immune response, particularly soon after exposure to the parasite. Early events are considered to be a determinant of @entity3 outcome. To investigate the @entity2 's early immune response to L. chagasi, an in vitro priming system (PIV) using @entity2 na  ve PBMC was established. Until now, @entity2 PIV immune response to L. chagasi has not been assessed. We co-cultivated PBMC primarily stimulated with L. chagasi in vitro with autologous infected macrophages and found that @entity6 mRNA is up-regulated in these cells compared to control unstimulated cells. @entity5 and @entity4 mRNA expression by L. chagasi-stimulated PBMC was similar to control unstimulated PBMC when incubated with infected macrophages. Surprisingly, correlation studies showed that a lower @entity6 / @entity5 expression ratio correlated with a lower percentage of @entity3 . We propose that the direct correlation between @entity6 / @entity5 ratio and parasite load is dependent on the higher correlation of both @entity6 and @entity5 expression with lower parasite @entity3 . This PIV system was shown to be useful in evaluating the @entity2 immune response to L. chagasi, and results indicate that a balance between @entity6 and @entity5 is associated with control of parasite @entity3 in vitro.

title: XXXX expression is up-regulated by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from non-exposed @entity2 upon Leishmania chagasi promastigote stimulation in vitro.

answer: @entity6


abstract: While the response to Leishmania spp. is well characterized in @entity1 and @entity0 , much less is known concerning the @entity2 immune response, particularly soon after exposure to the parasite. Early events are considered to be a determinant of @entity3 outcome. To investigate the @entity2 's early immune response to L. chagasi, an in vitro priming system (PIV) using @entity2 na  ve PBMC was established. Until now, @entity2 PIV immune response to L. chagasi has not been assessed. We co-cultivated PBMC primarily stimulated with L. chagasi in vitro with autologous infected macrophages and found that @entity6 mRNA is up-regulated in these cells compared to control unstimulated cells. @entity5 and @entity4 mRNA expression by L. chagasi-stimulated PBMC was similar to control unstimulated PBMC when incubated with infected macrophages. Surprisingly, correlation studies showed that a lower @entity6 / @entity5 expression ratio correlated with a lower percentage of @entity3 . We propose that the direct correlation between @entity6 / @entity5 ratio and parasite load is dependent on the higher correlation of both @entity6 and @entity5 expression with lower parasite @entity3 . This PIV system was shown to be useful in evaluating the @entity2 immune response to L. chagasi, and results indicate that a balance between @entity6 and @entity5 is associated with control of parasite @entity3 in vitro.

title: @entity6 expression is up-regulated by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from non-exposed XXXX upon Leishmania chagasi promastigote stimulation in vitro.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To assess the function of parasympathetic heart control in @entity0 with @entity2 by means of clinical routine neurophysiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy-one consecutive @entity2 @entity0 (mean age+/-S.D. 37.8+/-12.9 years) with partial or generalized @entity3 manifested for more than 6 months and receiving various therapeutic regimes and 71 matched for sex and age healthy controls undertook a battery of neurophysiological tests which consisted of sensory conduction of sural nerve; R-R interval variation during normal and deep breathing; Valsalva manoeuvre and tilt test for calculation heart rate changes to respiratory strain and standing. RESULTS: The @entity0 group showed a significant difference in all parasympathetic parameters studied compared to the control group. Overall, 42.2% of @entity0 had abnormal measurement in at least one of the parameters and Valsalva was the most frequently abnormal one (31% of @entity0 ). @entity1 was significantly lower in the @entity0 than in the controls and its measurements were associated with those of the tilt test. @entity2 (more than 10 years) and treatment with @entity4 showed a negative effect on data of R-R interval variation during deep breathing. No other correlations between measurements of parasympathetic parameters and @entity2 related characteristics i.e. type and frequency of @entity3 , monotherapy or combined therapy with seven other antiepileptic medications, were proven. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggested that simple neurophysiological tests, suitable for screening purposes were able to demonstrate suppressed cardiovagal control in @entity2 @entity0 and to identify those in need for further analysis of cardiovagal function.

title: Interictal alterations of cardiovagal function in chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We report here a very rare case of @entity5 with @entity6 . A 16-year-old @entity0 who was diagnosed with @entity5 by the presence of cutaneous pathergy together with two major criteria (oral and genital aphthoses) and one minor criterion (gastrointestinal manifestations), was referred to our hospital with a left lower leg @entity4 and @entity2 in September 1989. Colonoscopy demonstrated flare-up colitis involving the entire colon. Her lower leg lesion was a painful destructive @entity4 with an irregular margin and a ragged overhanging edge. Based on these clinical and laboratory findings, we diagnosed her cutaneous @entity4 as @entity6 developing with exacerbated @entity5 . Her cutaneous and intestinal lesions were poorly controlled though she received oral @entity3 treatment for a month. Because of aggravated abdominal symptoms with peritoneal irritation, we performed total colectomy in November 1989. The resected specimen was histologically compatible with @entity5 showing severe @entity1 with deep @entity4 and neutrophil accumulation. Subsequently, @entity6 rapidly improved. This clinical course may suggest the close relationship between @entity6 and @entity5 .

title: Intestinal Behcet's disease with XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The treatment of @entity2 depends on the @entity1 stage, and until 2005 treatment included preoperative radiation therapy for the T3 and T4 @entity1 stages. An exact preoperative assessment of the @entity1 stage is therefore essential. In Denmark rectal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is used as a standard procedure in preoperative evaluation, sometimes supplemented by transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of preoperative MRI in @entity1 stage evaluation in order to correctly select the @entity0 who will benefit from preoperative radiation therapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The MRI reports from 173 @entity0 (98 male, 75 female, mean age 71 years) who underwent surgery for @entity2 at Hvidovre Hospital, Copenhagen during the 2002-2005-period were evaluated. The T-stage of the MRI report was compared to the histological T-stage of the resected @entity1 . RESULTS: The overall accuracy of @entity1 was 58% (n = 100) of which 41% T2 @entity1 (n = 18), 78% T3 @entity1 (n = 78) and 33% T4 @entity1 (n = 4) were correctly staged. In all, 29% of @entity1 were overstaged (n = 50) (100% of T1 @entity1 , 59% of T2 @entity1 , 7% of T3 @entity1 ). A total of 13% of the @entity1 were understaged (15% of T3 @entity1 , 67% of T4 @entity1 ). The selection of @entity0 for preoperative radiation therapy had a sensitivity and specificity of 83% and 48%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The overall accuracy of 58% indicates that MR imaging in the early learning phases was not an optimal method for the preoperative @entity1 . In particular, the low specificity of MRI in selecting the @entity0 who will benefit from preoperative radiation can result in overtreatment and increased morbidity.

title: [Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the preoperative staging of XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: to obtain the sensitivity and specificity of combining total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin to predict the @entity1 lymphocyte count below 200 cells/m3. METHODS: this is a cross sectional study. Subject characteristics were @entity0 with @entity2 / @entity3 who have not been initiated ARV therapy, the age above 15 years, have a @entity1 lymphocyte count data. A total of 72 @entity0 were recruited from clinic of Edelweis or hospitalized @entity0 at Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta in March 2002 - March 2007. Independent t test and Mann-Whitney test was used to find out the differences of continue variable. P < or = 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: a total of 72 @entity0 were studied. Of these,50 @entity0 (69.4%) were male, 22 @entity0 (30.6%) were female. 53 @entity0 with @entity1 below 200 cells/mm3 and 19 @entity0 with @entity1 above 200 cells/mm3. Mean of TLCin @entity2 / @entity3 @entity0 with @entity1 below 200 cells/mm3 were: 1013.24+/- 96.06 and @entity1 above 200 cells/mm3 were 2161.36 +/- 214.66. Mean of Hb in @entity2 / @entity3 @entity0 with @entity1 below 200 cells/mm3 were: 11.61+/- 0.30 and @entity1 above 200 cells/mm3 were 12.47 +/- 0.59.Sensitivity of combined TLC+Hb @entity0 (algorithms a,b) were 80.95%, 88.09% Vs TLC 66.66%; Sensitivity of combined TLC+Hb @entity0 (algorithms a, b) were 54.54%,54.54% Vs TLC 54.54%; Specificity of combined TLC+Hbman (algorithms a, b) were 87.50%, 87.50% Vs TLC 87.50%; Specificity of combined TLC+Hb @entity0 (algorithms a, b)were 63.63%, 54.54% Vs TLC 90.90%. CONCLUSION: adding hemoglobin to TLC (algorithms aand b in @entity0 ) increased sensitivity, there by reducing the risk of false-negative results.

title: Total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin combined to predict @entity1 lymphocyte counts of less than 200 cells/mm(3) in @entity2 / XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: to obtain the sensitivity and specificity of combining total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin to predict the @entity1 lymphocyte count below 200 cells/m3. METHODS: this is a cross sectional study. Subject characteristics were @entity0 with @entity2 / @entity3 who have not been initiated ARV therapy, the age above 15 years, have a @entity1 lymphocyte count data. A total of 72 @entity0 were recruited from clinic of Edelweis or hospitalized @entity0 at Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta in March 2002 - March 2007. Independent t test and Mann-Whitney test was used to find out the differences of continue variable. P < or = 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: a total of 72 @entity0 were studied. Of these,50 @entity0 (69.4%) were male, 22 @entity0 (30.6%) were female. 53 @entity0 with @entity1 below 200 cells/mm3 and 19 @entity0 with @entity1 above 200 cells/mm3. Mean of TLCin @entity2 / @entity3 @entity0 with @entity1 below 200 cells/mm3 were: 1013.24+/- 96.06 and @entity1 above 200 cells/mm3 were 2161.36 +/- 214.66. Mean of Hb in @entity2 / @entity3 @entity0 with @entity1 below 200 cells/mm3 were: 11.61+/- 0.30 and @entity1 above 200 cells/mm3 were 12.47 +/- 0.59.Sensitivity of combined TLC+Hb @entity0 (algorithms a,b) were 80.95%, 88.09% Vs TLC 66.66%; Sensitivity of combined TLC+Hb @entity0 (algorithms a, b) were 54.54%,54.54% Vs TLC 54.54%; Specificity of combined TLC+Hbman (algorithms a, b) were 87.50%, 87.50% Vs TLC 87.50%; Specificity of combined TLC+Hb @entity0 (algorithms a, b)were 63.63%, 54.54% Vs TLC 90.90%. CONCLUSION: adding hemoglobin to TLC (algorithms aand b in @entity0 ) increased sensitivity, there by reducing the risk of false-negative results.

title: Total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin combined to predict @entity1 lymphocyte counts of less than 200 cells/mm(3) in XXXX / @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: to obtain the sensitivity and specificity of combining total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin to predict the @entity1 lymphocyte count below 200 cells/m3. METHODS: this is a cross sectional study. Subject characteristics were @entity0 with @entity2 / @entity3 who have not been initiated ARV therapy, the age above 15 years, have a @entity1 lymphocyte count data. A total of 72 @entity0 were recruited from clinic of Edelweis or hospitalized @entity0 at Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta in March 2002 - March 2007. Independent t test and Mann-Whitney test was used to find out the differences of continue variable. P < or = 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS: a total of 72 @entity0 were studied. Of these,50 @entity0 (69.4%) were male, 22 @entity0 (30.6%) were female. 53 @entity0 with @entity1 below 200 cells/mm3 and 19 @entity0 with @entity1 above 200 cells/mm3. Mean of TLCin @entity2 / @entity3 @entity0 with @entity1 below 200 cells/mm3 were: 1013.24+/- 96.06 and @entity1 above 200 cells/mm3 were 2161.36 +/- 214.66. Mean of Hb in @entity2 / @entity3 @entity0 with @entity1 below 200 cells/mm3 were: 11.61+/- 0.30 and @entity1 above 200 cells/mm3 were 12.47 +/- 0.59.Sensitivity of combined TLC+Hb @entity0 (algorithms a,b) were 80.95%, 88.09% Vs TLC 66.66%; Sensitivity of combined TLC+Hb @entity0 (algorithms a, b) were 54.54%,54.54% Vs TLC 54.54%; Specificity of combined TLC+Hbman (algorithms a, b) were 87.50%, 87.50% Vs TLC 87.50%; Specificity of combined TLC+Hb @entity0 (algorithms a, b)were 63.63%, 54.54% Vs TLC 90.90%. CONCLUSION: adding hemoglobin to TLC (algorithms aand b in @entity0 ) increased sensitivity, there by reducing the risk of false-negative results.

title: Total lymphocyte count and hemoglobin combined to predict XXXX lymphocyte counts of less than 200 cells/mm(3) in @entity2 / @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study developed percentile curves for anthropometric (waist circumference) and cardiovascular (lipid profile) risk factors for US @entity0 and adolescents. STUDY DESIGN: A representative sample of US @entity0 and adolescents from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994 (NHANES III) and the current national series (NHANES 1999-2006) were combined. Percentile curves were constructed, nationally weighted, and smoothed using the Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. The percentile curves included age- and sex-specific percentile values that correspond with and transition into the adult abnormal cut-off values for each of these anthropometric and cardiovascular components. To increase the sample size, a second series of percentile curves was also created from the combination of the 2 NHANES databases, along with cross-sectional data from the Bogalusa Heart Study, the Muscatine Study, the Fels Longitudinal Study and the Princeton Lipid Research Clinics Study. RESULTS: These analyses resulted in a series of growth curves for waist circumference, total @entity1 , LDL @entity1 , @entity3 , and HDL @entity1 from a combination of pediatric data sets. The cut-off for abnormal waist circumference in adult males (102 cm) was equivalent to the 94(th) percentile line in 18-year-olds, and the cut-off in adult females (88 cm) was equivalent to the 84(th) percentile line in 18-year-olds. @entity3 were found to have a bimodal pattern among females, with an initial peak at age 11 and a second at age 20; the curve for males increased steadily with age. The HDL curve for females was relatively flat, but the male curve declined starting at age 9 years. Similar curves for total and LDL @entity1 were constructed for both males and females. When data from the additional @entity0 studies were added to the national data, there was little difference in their patterns or rates of change from year to year. CONCLUSIONS: These curves represent waist and lipid percentiles for US @entity0 and adolescents, with identification of values that transition to @entity2 . They could be used conditionally for both epidemiological and possibly clinical applications, although they need to be validated against longitudinal data.

title: Growth curves for cardio-metabolic risk factors in XXXX and adolescents.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The value of screening for @entity2 is uncertain. We did a pilot randomised trial to assess multimodal screening with sequential @entity4 antigen and ultrasonography. METHODS: Postmenopausal @entity0 aged 45 years or older were randomised to a control group (n=10,977) or screened group (n=10,958). @entity0 randomised to screening were offered three annual screens that involved measurement of serum @entity4 , pelvic ultrasonography if @entity4 was 30 U/mL or more, and referral for gynaecological opinion if ovarian volume was 8.8 mL or more on ultrasonography. All @entity0 were followed up to see whether they developed @entity3 (index @entity1 ). FINDINGS: Of 468 @entity0 in the screened group with a raised @entity4 , 29 were referred for a gynaecological opinion; screening detected an index @entity1 in six and 23 had false-positive screening results. The positive predictive value was 20.7%. During 7-year follow-up, ten further @entity0 with index @entity1 were identified in the screened group and 20 in the control group. Median survival of @entity0 with index @entity1 in the screened group was 72.9 months and in the control group was 41.8 months (p=0.0112). The number of deaths from an index @entity1 did not differ significantly between the control and screened groups (18 of 10,977 vs nine of 10,958, relative risk 2.0 [95% CI 0.78-5.13]). INTERPRETATION: These results show that a multimodal approach to @entity2 screening in a randomised trial is feasible and justify a larger randomised trial to see whether screening affects mortality.

title: Screening for XXXX : a pilot randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity2