abstract: Despite their ability to provide long-term transgene expression in the central nervous system of na  ve hosts, the use of first-generation adenovirus (Ad) vectors for the treatment of chronic @entity0 is limited by peripheral immunization, which stimulates anti-adenovirus immune responses and causes severe @entity1 in the central nervous system (CNS) and elimination of transgene expression. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of NF-kappaB and interleukin-1 (IL-1) during inflammatory responses to Ads in the CNS of na  ve and preimmunized @entity2 . We assessed activation of macrophages/microglia, up-regulation of MHC I expression, infiltration of leukocytes, and transgene expression following delivery of Ads to the @entity2 striatum. After delivery of increasing doses of adenoviral vectors expressing various anti-inflammatory agents (e.g., NF-kappaB or IL-1 inhibitors) to na  ve @entity2 , no reduction in Ad-mediated CNS @entity1 was seen 1 week after delivery of Ads, compared to a control Ad.hCMV.beta-galactosidase (RAd.35) virus. We then assessed CNS @entity1 and transgene expression at a time when control transgene expression would be completely eliminated, i.e., 1 month post-vector injection into the brain. This would optimize the assessment of an anti-inflammatory agent expressed by an adenoviral vector that could either delay or diminish immune system-mediated elimination of transgene expression. As expected, at 1 month postinfection, control preimmunized @entity2 receiving Ad. @entity5 .beta-galactosidase (RAd.36)/saline or RAd.36/Ad.null (RAd.0) showed complete @entity4 expression in the brain and levels of @entity1 comparable to those of na  ve animals. However, animals injected with RAd.36 in combination with Ads expressing NF-kappaB or IL-1 inhibitors showed a delayed @entity4 compared to controls. As predicted, the extended presence of transgene expression was accompanied by increased levels of CNS @entity1 . This suggests that blocking NF-kappaB or IL-1 delays, albeit partially, transgene elimination in the presence of a preexisting systemic immune response. Prolonged transgene expression is predicted to extend concurrent @entity3 , as noted earlier. Taken together these data demonstrate a role for NF-kappaB and IL-1 in immune system-mediated elimination of Ad-mediated CNS transgene expression.

title: Adenovirus expression of IL-1 and NF-kappaB inhibitors does not inhibit acute adenoviral-induced XXXX , but delays immune system-mediated elimination of transgene expression.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Oncolytic viruses that are replication competent in @entity1 but not in normal cells represent a novel approach for treating @entity1 . However, the oncolytic potency of replicating agents is determined directly by their capability of infecting target cells. Most adenoviruses used for gene therapy or virotherapy have been based on serotype 5 ( @entity5 ). Unfortunately, expression of the primary receptor for @entity5 (the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor, or @entity6 ) is highly variable on ovarian and other @entity1 cells. By performing genetic fiber pseudotyping, we created @entity5 /3- @entity7 , a conditionally replicating adenovirus that does not bind @entity6 but facilitates entry into and killing of @entity2 cells. We show replication of @entity5 /3- @entity7 and subsequent oncolysis of @entity2 lines. Replication was also analyzed with quantitative PCR on three-dimensional primary @entity1 cell spheroids purified from @entity0 samples. Moreover, in a therapeutic orthotopic model of peritoneal @entity4 , dramatically enhanced survival was noted. Finally, @entity5 /3- @entity7 achieved a significant antitumor effect as assessed by noninvasive, in vivo bioluminescence imaging. Therefore, the preclinical therapeutic efficacy of @entity5 /3- @entity7 is improved over the respective @entity6 - and integrin-binding controls. Taken together with promising biodistribution and @entity3 data, this approach could translate into successful clinical interventions for @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Enhanced therapeutic efficacy for XXXX with a serotype 3 receptor-targeted oncolytic adenovirus.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Increased arterial wave reflections predict cardiovascular events in dialysis @entity0 . Their impact on the progression of @entity2 has not been determined. METHODS: We prospectively quantified wave reflections as pressure augmentation (AP) and augmentation index (AIx) using radial applanation tonometry and a transfer function, in 111 @entity0 (mean age 53.6 years; 71 @entity0 , 31 @entity1 ) with @entity3 not requiring dialysis. Primary endpoint was a composite of doubling of serum @entity4 , need for dialysis, and transplantation. Secondary endpoint was a combination of renal and cardiovascular events. RESULTS: After a mean follow-up of 41.3 months, 37 and 46 @entity0 reached the primary and the secondary endpoint. AIx and AP proved statistically significant predictors of the renal endpoint (P < 0.05 for all), with a 2.5- and 3-fold increased risk for @entity0 in the highest vs. the lowest tertile, respectively. After adjustment for mean blood pressure (MBP), age, gender, @entity1 , serum albumin, hemoglobin, urine albumin/ @entity4 ratio, and renal function at baseline, AIx (hazard ratio 1.474/10% increase in AIx, P = 0.04) as well as AP (hazard ratio 1.559/10 mm Hg increase in AP, P = 0.04) remained significant predictors of the renal endpoint. In addition, AIx and AP were significant (P < 0.05) predictors of the combined cardiorenal endpoint in univariate analysis and multivariable models. CONCLUSION: Increased arterial wave reflections are independent predictors of renal as well as @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Association of increased arterial wave reflections with XXXX stages 3 and 4.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The existence, histology and origin of gastric cardiac mucosa are controversial. The aim of the present study was to determine the existence, histological characteristics and @entity2 and to correlate these features with the @entity0 ' age and the presence of @entity1 in the @entity4 and/or esophagus. METHODS; The cardiac mucosa within the whole esophagogastric junction was histologically analyzed in 38 consecutive autopsy specimens and measured in 24 cases. RESULTS: The cardiac mucosa was identified in all specimens from all cases, with a mean length of 6.7 mm, range 0.927-19.5 mm. In the majority of cases, the @entity2 was less than 10 mm (87.5%) and greater than 5 mm (71%). Cardiac mucosa was composed of a combination of pure mucous glands and mucous glands with parietal cells in 74% of cases, and only of mucous glands with parietal cells in 26% of cases. @entity5 was recorded in 23.7% cases and @entity3 in 15.8%. The @entity2 was not significantly different between cases with and without @entity5 (p>0.05), between those with and without @entity6 (p>0.05), and between age groups older and younger than 60 years (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: In the adult population, a short histological segment of @entity4 was consistently present as a normal histological structure. The type, length and circumferential presence of cardiac mucosa were not significantly associated with @entity5 , @entity6 or age.

title: Histological features of XXXX in adults: an autopsy study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: No disease has been more closely associated with stigma than @entity2 such that it has become a metaphor for stigma. Stigma has been difficult to measure and little research has been done on this issue. Stigma reduction has not been an important component of anti- @entity2 program. The study was undertaken to measure the stigma associated with @entity2 by using P scale which is used for assessing participation restriction of those affected by the disease. This comparative questionnaire based study was carried out in two sets of @entity0 . Two groups of 30 @entity0 each were studied. First group belonged to a Government run Leprosarium and group two from a tertiary care skin and @entity2 centre. The study used the Participation (P) scale and data was collected by interviewing the @entity0 . Participation restriction was defined as any score equal to and more than 13. Participation restriction was observed in 27 (90%) cases of group 1while participation restriction was present in only 7 (23.3%) subjects of group 2. It was observed that mean score of participation restriction in group 1 was quite high at 31.9 while it was only 8.3 for group 2. The participation restriction was directly related to the duration of disease and the grade of disability. Longer the duration of disease, greater was the likelihood of restriction. The participation restriction was found to be negatively correlated with the education. Recommendation about prevention of disability would require program about early diagnosis of @entity1 and subsequent action at the @entity0 -family-community level and health care providers.

title: Stigma in XXXX : miles to go!

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study is a description of the "stylohamular" dissection, a technique for the en bloc resection of the infratemporal fossa. The medial plane of this dissection extends from the styloid process to the hamulus of the pterygoid just lateral to the foramen lacerum, allowing the surgeon to spare the internal carotid artery. The foramen ovale and foramen spinosum are routinely exposed during this procedure. Medially, the pterygoid musculature serves as the margin of the @entity1 . Posteriorly, the mastoid tip may be included in this resection. Anteriorly, the lateral pterygoid plate is resected making it the anterior vertical plane of the dissection. Laterally, skin and mandible are the block margins. In the last three years, this approach has been utilized in eight @entity0 with advance @entity1 involving the infratemporal fossa. The results are encouraging. Five @entity0 have remained well and free of disease for a maximum of three years postoperatively. Two @entity0 have had recurrence of their @entity1 from six months to one year postoperatively. Palliation in all @entity0 was excellent. The literature on various infratemporal dissections and their results is reviewed.

title: Stylohamular dissection: a new method for en bloc reaction of XXXX of the infratemporal fossa.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Mapping of multiple receptors of neurotransmitters provides insight into the spatial distribution of neurotransmission-relevant molecules in the cerebral cortex. During development, lack of reelin leads to impaired migration, disturbed lamination of the hippocampus and inverted neocortical layering. In the adult, reelin may regulate synaptic plasticity by modulating neurotransmitter receptor function. Using quantitative in vitro receptor autoradiography, different receptors, in particular, the binding site densities and laminar distribution of various @entity9 , @entity8 , muscarinic and nicotinic @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity6 and @entity4 receptors, were analyzed in cortical and subcortical structures of reeler and wild-type brains. Differential changes in the laminar distribution, maximum binding capacity (B (max)) and regional density of neurotransmitter receptors were found in the reeler brain. A decrease of whole brain B (max) was found for @entity4 A(1) and @entity8 (A) receptors. In the forebrain, several binding sites were differentially up- or down-regulated ( @entity10 , A(1), @entity7 , @entity3 (1), M(2), a(1) and a(2)). In the hippocampus, a significant decrease of @entity8 (B), @entity3 (1) and A'    receptors were observed. The density of M(2) receptors increased, while other receptors remained unchanged. In the neocortex, some receptors demonstrated an obviously inverted laminar distribution ( @entity1 , @entity10 , @entity2 , @entity8 (B), @entity3 (1), M(1), M(3), nAch), while the distribution of others (A(1), @entity8 (A), @entity7 , @entity3 (2), muscarinic M(2), adrenergic a(1), a(2)) seemed to be less affected. Thus, the laminar receptor distribution is modulated by the developmental impairment and suggests and reflects partially the laminar inversion in reeler @entity0 .

title: Laminar distribution of neurotransmitter receptors in different reeler XXXX brain regions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Persistent defects after primary sphincter repair and occult sphincter tears are common after vaginal deliveries. @entity3 may be associated with these morphological defects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-six primiparous @entity0 were evaluated with ultrasonography, manometry and electrophysiology. Twenty-four @entity0 had undergone primary repair of obstetric sphincter tears (sphincter group), 16 @entity0 had no clinical sphincter tear but developed @entity3 postpartum (symptom group), and six were delivered by elective cesarean section (cesarean group). RESULTS: In the sphincter group, 50% had @entity3 at follow-up. At ultrasonography, 70% had @entity2 anteriorly in the midanal canal. At manometry, 4% had decreased resting pressure and 50% decreased squeeze pressure. At electrophysiology, 19% had pathologic pudendal latency and 25% pathologic fiber density. In the symptom group, 44% had @entity2 anteriorly in the midanal canal at ultrasonography. At manometry, all @entity0 had normal resting pressure and 19% had a decreased squeeze pressure. At electrophysiology, 46% had pathologic pudendal latency and 29% pathologic fiber density. In the cesarean group, 33% had mild @entity3 at follow-up. Ultrasonography and manometry were normal in all @entity0 . At electrophysiology, 33% had pathologic pudendal latency and 17% pathologic fiber density. CONCLUSION: Anal sphincter @entity2 at childbirth are often inadequately diagnosed and primary repair frequently results in persisting defects in the anal sphincter. Anatomic @entity2 to the anal sphincter play an important role in the development of @entity3 after delivery, but a significant proportion of symptomatic @entity0 also demonstrate @entity1 at electrophysiologic testing.

title: Obstetric sphincter tears and XXXX : an observational follow-up study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences of radiographical and functional outcomes between traditional and minimally invasive approach in treating @entity2 . METHODS: From February 2000 to February 2008, 37 @entity0 underwent reduction and internal fixation using two different approaches. In minimally invasive approach group, there were 16 males and 2 females, ranging in age from 20 to 47 years, averaged (35.2 +/- 3.1) years, and in traditional approach group, there were 15 males and 4 females, ranging in age from 22 to 44 years, averaged (35.3 +/- 2.3)years. All the @entity0 had @entity2 . The following data were compared between two groups: operation time, @entity3 , length of incision and function of ankle joint. All the @entity0 were graded by Hawkins points-scoring system after operation. RESULTS: All @entity0 were followed up. The duration ranged from 2 to 10 years, with an average of 5.6 years. The index such as operation time, @entity3 and the length of incision of @entity0 in minimally invasive approach group were significantly less than those of @entity0 in traditional approach group. According to AOFAS points-scoring system, the score of minimally invasive group was higher than that of traditional approach group. CONCLUSION: Compared with traditional approach, minimally invasive approach can protect blood supply better, get better clinical effects,which is worth of choosing to treat @entity2 of @entity1 .

title: [Case-control study on the treatment of XXXX of @entity1 with minimally invasive or traditional approach].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the differences of radiographical and functional outcomes between traditional and minimally invasive approach in treating @entity2 . METHODS: From February 2000 to February 2008, 37 @entity0 underwent reduction and internal fixation using two different approaches. In minimally invasive approach group, there were 16 males and 2 females, ranging in age from 20 to 47 years, averaged (35.2 +/- 3.1) years, and in traditional approach group, there were 15 males and 4 females, ranging in age from 22 to 44 years, averaged (35.3 +/- 2.3)years. All the @entity0 had @entity2 . The following data were compared between two groups: operation time, @entity3 , length of incision and function of ankle joint. All the @entity0 were graded by Hawkins points-scoring system after operation. RESULTS: All @entity0 were followed up. The duration ranged from 2 to 10 years, with an average of 5.6 years. The index such as operation time, @entity3 and the length of incision of @entity0 in minimally invasive approach group were significantly less than those of @entity0 in traditional approach group. According to AOFAS points-scoring system, the score of minimally invasive group was higher than that of traditional approach group. CONCLUSION: Compared with traditional approach, minimally invasive approach can protect blood supply better, get better clinical effects,which is worth of choosing to treat @entity2 of @entity1 .

title: [Case-control study on the treatment of @entity2 of XXXX with minimally invasive or traditional approach].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 2 @entity1 is associated with a marked increase in the incidence of @entity7 ( @entity7 ); however, the correlation between glycemia and @entity7 in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 is only modestly positive. This relatively weak association between glycemia and @entity7 in subjects with @entity1 may be caused by the existence of an atherogenic @entity12 . In the San Antonio Heart Study, subjects who start with normal @entity6 tolerance and later develop @entity3 2 @entity1 have increased @entity5 levels, increased systolic blood pressure, and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity4 before the onset of @entity3 2 @entity1 . The basis for these atherogenic @entity12 changes may be related to @entity11 resistance rather than reduced @entity11 secretion. Recently, interest has focused on a possible role of fibrinolysis and increased subclinical @entity2 , as determined by high-sensitivity @entity9 ( @entity9 ) levels. The @entity11 Resistance @entity8 Study found that @entity11 resistance, as determined by a frequently sampled @entity6 tolerance test, is significantly related to higher @entity9 levels, higher fibrinogen, and higher @entity10 ( @entity10 ) levels. The investigators also have shown that high @entity10 and @entity9 levels are predictors of the development of @entity3 2 @entity1 . In addition, the @entity0 's Health Study has shown that high @entity9 levels predict @entity3 2 @entity1 . @entity11 -sensitizing interventions have been demonstrated to reduce these nontraditional risk factors. @entity13 , an agent with @entity11 -sensitizing properties, decreases @entity10 and @entity9 levels. Some of the adverse cardiovascular effects seen in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 may be reversed by @entity11 -sensitizing agents.

title: @entity11 resistance, @entity2 , and the XXXX .

answer: @entity12


abstract: @entity3 2 @entity1 is associated with a marked increase in the incidence of @entity7 ( @entity7 ); however, the correlation between glycemia and @entity7 in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 is only modestly positive. This relatively weak association between glycemia and @entity7 in subjects with @entity1 may be caused by the existence of an atherogenic @entity12 . In the San Antonio Heart Study, subjects who start with normal @entity6 tolerance and later develop @entity3 2 @entity1 have increased @entity5 levels, increased systolic blood pressure, and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity4 before the onset of @entity3 2 @entity1 . The basis for these atherogenic @entity12 changes may be related to @entity11 resistance rather than reduced @entity11 secretion. Recently, interest has focused on a possible role of fibrinolysis and increased subclinical @entity2 , as determined by high-sensitivity @entity9 ( @entity9 ) levels. The @entity11 Resistance @entity8 Study found that @entity11 resistance, as determined by a frequently sampled @entity6 tolerance test, is significantly related to higher @entity9 levels, higher fibrinogen, and higher @entity10 ( @entity10 ) levels. The investigators also have shown that high @entity10 and @entity9 levels are predictors of the development of @entity3 2 @entity1 . In addition, the @entity0 's Health Study has shown that high @entity9 levels predict @entity3 2 @entity1 . @entity11 -sensitizing interventions have been demonstrated to reduce these nontraditional risk factors. @entity13 , an agent with @entity11 -sensitizing properties, decreases @entity10 and @entity9 levels. Some of the adverse cardiovascular effects seen in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 may be reversed by @entity11 -sensitizing agents.

title: XXXX resistance, @entity2 , and the @entity12 .

answer: @entity11


abstract: @entity3 2 @entity1 is associated with a marked increase in the incidence of @entity7 ( @entity7 ); however, the correlation between glycemia and @entity7 in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 is only modestly positive. This relatively weak association between glycemia and @entity7 in subjects with @entity1 may be caused by the existence of an atherogenic @entity12 . In the San Antonio Heart Study, subjects who start with normal @entity6 tolerance and later develop @entity3 2 @entity1 have increased @entity5 levels, increased systolic blood pressure, and decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein @entity4 before the onset of @entity3 2 @entity1 . The basis for these atherogenic @entity12 changes may be related to @entity11 resistance rather than reduced @entity11 secretion. Recently, interest has focused on a possible role of fibrinolysis and increased subclinical @entity2 , as determined by high-sensitivity @entity9 ( @entity9 ) levels. The @entity11 Resistance @entity8 Study found that @entity11 resistance, as determined by a frequently sampled @entity6 tolerance test, is significantly related to higher @entity9 levels, higher fibrinogen, and higher @entity10 ( @entity10 ) levels. The investigators also have shown that high @entity10 and @entity9 levels are predictors of the development of @entity3 2 @entity1 . In addition, the @entity0 's Health Study has shown that high @entity9 levels predict @entity3 2 @entity1 . @entity11 -sensitizing interventions have been demonstrated to reduce these nontraditional risk factors. @entity13 , an agent with @entity11 -sensitizing properties, decreases @entity10 and @entity9 levels. Some of the adverse cardiovascular effects seen in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 may be reversed by @entity11 -sensitizing agents.

title: @entity11 resistance, XXXX , and the @entity12 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether abnormal heart rate recovery predicts mortality independent of the angiographic severity of @entity2 . BACKGROUND: An attenuated decrease in heart rate after exercise, or heart rate recovery (HRR), has been shown to predict mortality. There are few data on its prognostic significance once the angiographic severity of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is ascertained. METHODS: For six years we followed 2,935 consecutive @entity0 who underwent symptom-limited exercise testing for suspected @entity3 and then had a coronary angiogram within 90 days. The HRR was abnormal if < or =12 beats/min during the first minute after exercise, except among @entity0 undergoing stress echocardiography, in whom the cutoff was < or =18 beats/min. Angiographic @entity3 was considered severe if the Duke @entity3 Prognostic Severity Index was > or =42 (on a scale of 0 to 100), which corresponds to a level of @entity3 where revascularization is associated with better long-term survival. RESULTS: Severe @entity3 was present in 421 @entity0 (14%), whereas abnormal HRR was noted in 838 @entity0 (29%). There were 336 deaths (11%). Mortality was predicted by abnormal HRR (hazard ratio [HR] 2.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0 to 3.1; p < 0.0001) and by severe @entity3 (HR 2.0, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.6; p < 0.0001); both variables provided additive prognostic information. After adjusting for age, gender, standard risk factors, medications, exercise capacity, and left ventricular function, abnormal HRR remained predictive of @entity1 (adjusted HR 1.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.0; p < 0.0001); severe @entity3 was also predictive (adjusted HR 1.4, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.9; p = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS: Even after taking into account the angiographic severity of @entity3 , left ventricular function, and exercise capacity, HRR is independently predictive of mortality.

title: Heart rate recovery after exercise is a predictor of mortality, independent of the angiographic severity of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are no prospective data regarding the natural history of @entity1 in Mexico. The objective of this research was to investigate the incidence and progression of @entity1 in a low-income sector of Mexico City and to characterize evolution of body fat pattern distribution. METHODS: We carried out a population-based, prospective survey. Total on-site population was 15,532 @entity0 ; we determined as eligible all 35 to 64-year-old @entity0 and nonpregnant @entity0 for a total of 3,505. We interviewed at baseline 3,319 (94.7%) individuals and examined 2,282 (65.1%). At follow-up approximately 7 years later, we interviewed 1,764 (77.3%) subjects and examined 1,594 (69.9%). Measurements for all @entity0 included height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist-hip circumference, and subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness. Overweight was defined as BMI > or = 25 and < or = 29.9 kg/m2, while grade 1 @entity1 was BMI >or = 30 and < or = 34.9 kg/m2, grade 2 was > or = 35 and < or = 39.9, and grade 3, > or = 40 kg/m2. RESULTS: At baseline, prevalence of overweight was 48.6%, and grade 1 @entity1 , 22.7%, grade 2, 5.1%, and grade 3 @entity1 was 1.4%; at follow-up, these were 45.2, 25.8, 6.6, and 2.3%, respectively. At baseline, mean BMI in @entity0 was 29.1 +/- 0.16 kg/m2 and in @entity0 , 27.3 +/- 0.15 kg/m2; at follow-up, it reached 29.4 +/- 0.17 kg/m2 in @entity0 and 27.4 +/- 0.16 kg/m2 in @entity0 . Waist circumference increased from mean of 99.7 +/- 0.44 cm in @entity0 to 101.2 +/- 0.42 cm; in @entity0 , mean waist circumference rose from 95.2 +/- 0.38 to 96.7 +/- 0.39 cm. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity1 epidemic in this population possesses serious proportions that increase risk for severe metabolic consequences. There is a need for intervention.

title: Seven-year incidence and progression of XXXX . Characterization of body fat pattern evolution in low-income Mexico City urban population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The role of circulating @entity1 cells (CTCs) in the management of @entity2 has not yet established. In present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and CTC levels in @entity0 with @entity2 . The isolation of CTCs in blood was performed with the semi-automated CellSearch System (Veridex TM). Ninety-three @entity0 were analyzed. Median age of @entity0 at the time of diagnosis was 56 (24-78). Total number of blood samples collected for CTCs were 130. CTCs were detected in 46 @entity0 (> or =1 per 7.5 mL), but only thirty (32%) @entity0 were interpreted as positive (> or = 3/7.5 mL). In the 27 @entity0 in whom 2 blood samples were taken, levels of CTCs were found to be decreased in 8 @entity0 , increased in 14 @entity0 and did not change in 5 @entity0 after therapy. Although only 2 (25%) of 8 @entity0 in whom CTCs decreased after therapy had disease progression, 13 (93%) of 14 @entity0 with increased CTCs had disease progression (p = 0.001). Similarly, 4 (80%) of 5 @entity0 with stable CTCs had also disease progression. Our findings indicate that decreased CTCs after therapy is related with remission while increased CTC level is associated with disease recurrence or progression.

title: Determination of circulating @entity1 cells for detection of XXXX progression or recurrence.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The role of circulating @entity1 cells (CTCs) in the management of @entity2 has not yet established. In present study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between clinicopathological characteristics and CTC levels in @entity0 with @entity2 . The isolation of CTCs in blood was performed with the semi-automated CellSearch System (Veridex TM). Ninety-three @entity0 were analyzed. Median age of @entity0 at the time of diagnosis was 56 (24-78). Total number of blood samples collected for CTCs were 130. CTCs were detected in 46 @entity0 (> or =1 per 7.5 mL), but only thirty (32%) @entity0 were interpreted as positive (> or = 3/7.5 mL). In the 27 @entity0 in whom 2 blood samples were taken, levels of CTCs were found to be decreased in 8 @entity0 , increased in 14 @entity0 and did not change in 5 @entity0 after therapy. Although only 2 (25%) of 8 @entity0 in whom CTCs decreased after therapy had disease progression, 13 (93%) of 14 @entity0 with increased CTCs had disease progression (p = 0.001). Similarly, 4 (80%) of 5 @entity0 with stable CTCs had also disease progression. Our findings indicate that decreased CTCs after therapy is related with remission while increased CTC level is associated with disease recurrence or progression.

title: Determination of circulating XXXX cells for detection of @entity2 progression or recurrence.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIM: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been widely performed. The spread of ESD might decrease the rate of gastrectomy for mucosal @entity3 . However, the rate of @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) might increase, because @entity0 with mucosal @entity3 who had no or a lower risk of @entity5 underwent ESD instead of gastrectomy. The purpose of the present study was to determine the incidence of @entity5 and analyze the relationships between @entity5 and clinicopathological findings of mucosal @entity3 that are included among the extra indications for ESD. METHODOLOGY: Three-hundred sixty @entity0 with pathologically diagnosed as mucosal @entity3 who underwent gastrectomy between September 2002 and April 2009 were analyzed. RESULTS: Of 360 @entity0 with pathologically diagnosed mucosal @entity3 , 34 had initially undergone ESD. Before initial treatment, 202 @entity0 (56.1%) were diagnosed as having @entity6 , and lymph node involvement was observed in 23 @entity0 (6.4%). Female sex, @entity4 , and @entity7 had a significant association with @entity5 by univariate analysis. All 23 @entity0 with @entity5 had a macroscopically @entity2 . When the possible indicators of @entity5 were entered into the multivariate logistic regression analysis, female sex and @entity7 were significantly correlated with @entity5 . CONCLUSION: In cases in which the @entity1 is macroscopically depressed and the histological diagnosis from ESD reveals @entity7 , standard D2 or D1+beta lymphadenectomy should be performed because of the high incidence of @entity5 .

title: Surgical resection for mucosal XXXX in the era of endoscopic submucosal dissection.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: We tested whether the CardioClasp, a passive non-blood-contacting device could decrease excessive geometric burden in @entity1 and improve left ventricular systolic function and contractility by reshaping the left ventricle (LV) and by decreasing @entity3 ( @entity3 ) without decreasing arterial blood pressure. METHODS: In mongrel @entity0 (n = 6, the early group; n = 6, the chronic group; 25-27 kg), 4 weeks of rapid right ventricular pacing (210 to 240 bpm) induced @entity1 with @entity2 . In the early group, we used hemodynamic data and echocardiography to evaluate LV systolic function immediately after placing the CardioClasp device. In the chronic group, we also evaluated LV systolic function immediately after placing the device on dilated hearts and then left the device in place for 30 days. At the end of 30 days, before explantation of the device, we again assessed LV systolic function. We measured fractional area of contraction (FAC), @entity3 , and hemodynamic data in both groups. RESULTS: In the early group, use of the CardioClasp device decreased the LV end-diastolic anterior-to-posterior dimension by 27.8% +/- 2.6% at implantation (p < 0.05). In the chronic group, use of the CardioClasp decreased the LV end-diastolic anterior-to-posterior dimension by 19.4% +/- 2.0% at implantation (p < 0.05) and by 22.0% +/- 3.10% at explantation (p < 0.05). Use of the CardioClasp did not alter LV end-diastolic and peak pressure, LV dP/dts, or cardiac output at implantation or at explantation. In the early group, use of the CardioClasp decreased the @entity3 by 43.4% +/- 3.1% at implantation (p < 0.05). In the chronic group, @entity3 decreased by 28.8% +/- 2.1% at implantation (p < 0.05) and by 43.3% +/- 5.2% at explantation (p < 0.05). In the early group, FAC increased significantly, by 28.9% +/- 7.8% at implantation (p < 0.05). In the chronic group, FAC increased significantly, by 18% +/- 12% at implantation (p < 0.05) and by 19% +/- 12% at explantation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: As expected, use of the CardioClasp device increased FAC and decreased @entity3 by reshaping the LV. Use of the CardioClasp device maintained cardiac output and arterial pressure. In 30-day experiments, the increased FAC and decreased @entity3 were maintained at explantation.

title: Early and late results of left ventricular reshaping by passive cardiac-support device in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: We tested whether the CardioClasp, a passive non-blood-contacting device could decrease excessive geometric burden in @entity1 and improve left ventricular systolic function and contractility by reshaping the left ventricle (LV) and by decreasing @entity3 ( @entity3 ) without decreasing arterial blood pressure. METHODS: In mongrel @entity0 (n = 6, the early group; n = 6, the chronic group; 25-27 kg), 4 weeks of rapid right ventricular pacing (210 to 240 bpm) induced @entity1 with @entity2 . In the early group, we used hemodynamic data and echocardiography to evaluate LV systolic function immediately after placing the CardioClasp device. In the chronic group, we also evaluated LV systolic function immediately after placing the device on dilated hearts and then left the device in place for 30 days. At the end of 30 days, before explantation of the device, we again assessed LV systolic function. We measured fractional area of contraction (FAC), @entity3 , and hemodynamic data in both groups. RESULTS: In the early group, use of the CardioClasp device decreased the LV end-diastolic anterior-to-posterior dimension by 27.8% +/- 2.6% at implantation (p < 0.05). In the chronic group, use of the CardioClasp decreased the LV end-diastolic anterior-to-posterior dimension by 19.4% +/- 2.0% at implantation (p < 0.05) and by 22.0% +/- 3.10% at explantation (p < 0.05). Use of the CardioClasp did not alter LV end-diastolic and peak pressure, LV dP/dts, or cardiac output at implantation or at explantation. In the early group, use of the CardioClasp decreased the @entity3 by 43.4% +/- 3.1% at implantation (p < 0.05). In the chronic group, @entity3 decreased by 28.8% +/- 2.1% at implantation (p < 0.05) and by 43.3% +/- 5.2% at explantation (p < 0.05). In the early group, FAC increased significantly, by 28.9% +/- 7.8% at implantation (p < 0.05). In the chronic group, FAC increased significantly, by 18% +/- 12% at implantation (p < 0.05) and by 19% +/- 12% at explantation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: As expected, use of the CardioClasp device increased FAC and decreased @entity3 by reshaping the LV. Use of the CardioClasp device maintained cardiac output and arterial pressure. In 30-day experiments, the increased FAC and decreased @entity3 were maintained at explantation.

title: Early and late results of left ventricular reshaping by passive cardiac-support device in XXXX @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ageing is associated with an altered immune response. Elevated plasma levels of @entity1 @entity2 factor-alpha ( @entity3 ) are present in @entity0 with advanced @entity4 ( @entity4 ). However, the relationship between age and the immune response in @entity4 is unknown. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between age and the @entity3 generating capacity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in nine healthy control subjects (mean age 51.6+/-3.6 years, age range 39-75 years) and 22 stable @entity0 with @entity4 (mean age 68.3+/-1.5 years, age range 52-78 years, NYHA class 3.0+/-0.2). We also tested the @entity3 generating capacity of all control subjects and 18 @entity4 @entity0 in whole blood cultures. RESULTS: Subjects were subgrouped according to baseline @entity3 secretion in PBMC cultures into low- and high-responders, with the latter producing @entity3 even without LPS stimulation. High-responders produced more @entity3 than low-responders at all LPS doses (0.001-10 ng/ml, P<0.0001, repeated measures ANOVA), and high-responders were significantly older than low-responders (controls: 65.8+/-9.2 vs. 47.5+/-2.5 years; @entity0 : 71.9+/-1.9 vs. 65.9+/-1.9 years, both P<0.05). Age correlated with @entity3 production in both @entity0 and controls. This effect was independent of NYHA class. CONCLUSIONS: LPS-responsiveness appears to relate to age in both healthy controls and @entity4 @entity0 . When assessing the immune status of @entity4 @entity0 , age should therefore be considered an important confounding factor. In whole blood these findings could only be confirmed at the highest LPS concentration used, thus suggesting that certain factors in the blood may be able to abolish LPS activity at lower concentrations.

title: The relationship between age and production of @entity1 @entity2 factor-alpha in healthy volunteers and @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ageing is associated with an altered immune response. Elevated plasma levels of @entity1 @entity2 factor-alpha ( @entity3 ) are present in @entity0 with advanced @entity4 ( @entity4 ). However, the relationship between age and the immune response in @entity4 is unknown. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between age and the @entity3 generating capacity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in nine healthy control subjects (mean age 51.6+/-3.6 years, age range 39-75 years) and 22 stable @entity0 with @entity4 (mean age 68.3+/-1.5 years, age range 52-78 years, NYHA class 3.0+/-0.2). We also tested the @entity3 generating capacity of all control subjects and 18 @entity4 @entity0 in whole blood cultures. RESULTS: Subjects were subgrouped according to baseline @entity3 secretion in PBMC cultures into low- and high-responders, with the latter producing @entity3 even without LPS stimulation. High-responders produced more @entity3 than low-responders at all LPS doses (0.001-10 ng/ml, P<0.0001, repeated measures ANOVA), and high-responders were significantly older than low-responders (controls: 65.8+/-9.2 vs. 47.5+/-2.5 years; @entity0 : 71.9+/-1.9 vs. 65.9+/-1.9 years, both P<0.05). Age correlated with @entity3 production in both @entity0 and controls. This effect was independent of NYHA class. CONCLUSIONS: LPS-responsiveness appears to relate to age in both healthy controls and @entity4 @entity0 . When assessing the immune status of @entity4 @entity0 , age should therefore be considered an important confounding factor. In whole blood these findings could only be confirmed at the highest LPS concentration used, thus suggesting that certain factors in the blood may be able to abolish LPS activity at lower concentrations.

title: The relationship between age and production of @entity1 XXXX factor-alpha in healthy volunteers and @entity0 with @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ageing is associated with an altered immune response. Elevated plasma levels of @entity1 @entity2 factor-alpha ( @entity3 ) are present in @entity0 with advanced @entity4 ( @entity4 ). However, the relationship between age and the immune response in @entity4 is unknown. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between age and the @entity3 generating capacity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in nine healthy control subjects (mean age 51.6+/-3.6 years, age range 39-75 years) and 22 stable @entity0 with @entity4 (mean age 68.3+/-1.5 years, age range 52-78 years, NYHA class 3.0+/-0.2). We also tested the @entity3 generating capacity of all control subjects and 18 @entity4 @entity0 in whole blood cultures. RESULTS: Subjects were subgrouped according to baseline @entity3 secretion in PBMC cultures into low- and high-responders, with the latter producing @entity3 even without LPS stimulation. High-responders produced more @entity3 than low-responders at all LPS doses (0.001-10 ng/ml, P<0.0001, repeated measures ANOVA), and high-responders were significantly older than low-responders (controls: 65.8+/-9.2 vs. 47.5+/-2.5 years; @entity0 : 71.9+/-1.9 vs. 65.9+/-1.9 years, both P<0.05). Age correlated with @entity3 production in both @entity0 and controls. This effect was independent of NYHA class. CONCLUSIONS: LPS-responsiveness appears to relate to age in both healthy controls and @entity4 @entity0 . When assessing the immune status of @entity4 @entity0 , age should therefore be considered an important confounding factor. In whole blood these findings could only be confirmed at the highest LPS concentration used, thus suggesting that certain factors in the blood may be able to abolish LPS activity at lower concentrations.

title: The relationship between age and production of XXXX @entity2 factor-alpha in healthy volunteers and @entity0 with @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ageing is associated with an altered immune response. Elevated plasma levels of @entity1 @entity2 factor-alpha ( @entity3 ) are present in @entity0 with advanced @entity4 ( @entity4 ). However, the relationship between age and the immune response in @entity4 is unknown. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between age and the @entity3 generating capacity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in nine healthy control subjects (mean age 51.6+/-3.6 years, age range 39-75 years) and 22 stable @entity0 with @entity4 (mean age 68.3+/-1.5 years, age range 52-78 years, NYHA class 3.0+/-0.2). We also tested the @entity3 generating capacity of all control subjects and 18 @entity4 @entity0 in whole blood cultures. RESULTS: Subjects were subgrouped according to baseline @entity3 secretion in PBMC cultures into low- and high-responders, with the latter producing @entity3 even without LPS stimulation. High-responders produced more @entity3 than low-responders at all LPS doses (0.001-10 ng/ml, P<0.0001, repeated measures ANOVA), and high-responders were significantly older than low-responders (controls: 65.8+/-9.2 vs. 47.5+/-2.5 years; @entity0 : 71.9+/-1.9 vs. 65.9+/-1.9 years, both P<0.05). Age correlated with @entity3 production in both @entity0 and controls. This effect was independent of NYHA class. CONCLUSIONS: LPS-responsiveness appears to relate to age in both healthy controls and @entity4 @entity0 . When assessing the immune status of @entity4 @entity0 , age should therefore be considered an important confounding factor. In whole blood these findings could only be confirmed at the highest LPS concentration used, thus suggesting that certain factors in the blood may be able to abolish LPS activity at lower concentrations.

title: The relationship between age and production of @entity1 @entity2 factor-alpha in healthy volunteers and XXXX with @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Epidemiologic studies report cardiovascular protection conferred by @entity6 , in particular @entity3 ( @entity4 ). However, few experimental studies have addressed its potential in @entity1 treatment. The present study used multimodal MRI to assess in vivo the neuroprotection conferred by @entity4 and by a brain-targeting form of @entity4 -containing @entity5 (AceDoPC) in experimental @entity1 . @entity0 underwent intraluminal @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and were treated at reperfusion by intravenous injection of i) saline, ii) plasma from donor @entity0 , iii) @entity4 or iv) AceDoPC, both solubilized in plasma. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, animals underwent behavioral tests and were sacrificed. Multiparametric MRI (MRA, DWI, PWI, T2-WI) was performed at H0, during occlusion, and at H24, before sacrifice. Brain tissue was used for assay of F(2)- @entity7 as lipid peroxidation markers. Initial lesion size and PWI/DWI mismatch were comparable in the four groups. Between H0 and H24, lesion size increased in the saline group (mean    s.d.: +18%    20%), was stable in the plasma group (-3%    29%), and decreased in the @entity4 (-17%    15%, P=0.001 compared to saline) and AceDoPC (-34%    27%, P=0.001 compared to saline) groups. Neuroscores in the AceDoPC group tended to be lower than in the other groups (P=0.07). Treatments (pooled @entity4 and AceDoPC groups) significantly decreased lipid peroxidation as compared to controls (pooled saline and vehicle) (P=0.03). MRI-based assessment demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of @entity4 in the @entity2 model. Results further highlighted the therapeutic potential of engineered brain-targeting forms of @entity6 for @entity1 treatment.

title: Brain-targeting form of @entity3 for experimental XXXX treatment: MRI evaluation and anti-oxidant impact.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Epidemiologic studies report cardiovascular protection conferred by @entity6 , in particular @entity3 ( @entity4 ). However, few experimental studies have addressed its potential in @entity1 treatment. The present study used multimodal MRI to assess in vivo the neuroprotection conferred by @entity4 and by a brain-targeting form of @entity4 -containing @entity5 (AceDoPC) in experimental @entity1 . @entity0 underwent intraluminal @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and were treated at reperfusion by intravenous injection of i) saline, ii) plasma from donor @entity0 , iii) @entity4 or iv) AceDoPC, both solubilized in plasma. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, animals underwent behavioral tests and were sacrificed. Multiparametric MRI (MRA, DWI, PWI, T2-WI) was performed at H0, during occlusion, and at H24, before sacrifice. Brain tissue was used for assay of F(2)- @entity7 as lipid peroxidation markers. Initial lesion size and PWI/DWI mismatch were comparable in the four groups. Between H0 and H24, lesion size increased in the saline group (mean    s.d.: +18%    20%), was stable in the plasma group (-3%    29%), and decreased in the @entity4 (-17%    15%, P=0.001 compared to saline) and AceDoPC (-34%    27%, P=0.001 compared to saline) groups. Neuroscores in the AceDoPC group tended to be lower than in the other groups (P=0.07). Treatments (pooled @entity4 and AceDoPC groups) significantly decreased lipid peroxidation as compared to controls (pooled saline and vehicle) (P=0.03). MRI-based assessment demonstrated the neuroprotective effect of @entity4 in the @entity2 model. Results further highlighted the therapeutic potential of engineered brain-targeting forms of @entity6 for @entity1 treatment.

title: Brain-targeting form of XXXX for experimental @entity1 treatment: MRI evaluation and anti-oxidant impact.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 somatic mutations define a subset of NSCLCs that are most likely to benefit from @entity3 @entity4 kinase inhibitors (TKIs). These @entity1 are dependent on @entity3 -signaling for survival. Recently, @entity4 kinase domain somatic mutations have been approved as criterion to decide first-line therapy in this group of advanced NSCLCs. Anyway, all @entity0 ultimately develop resistance to these drugs. Acquired resistance is linked to a secondary @entity3 mutation in about a half of @entity0 . Uncontrolled activation of MET, another @entity4 kinase receptor, has been implicated in neoplastic invasive growth. MET is overexpressed, activated and sometimes mutated in NSCLC cell lines and @entity1 tissues. MET increased gene copy number has also been documented in NSCLC and has been studied as negative prognostic factor. It has also been found in about 20% of @entity0 developing acquired resistance to TKIs inhibitors. In this group, it seems to display a new mechanism, which is able to mark @entity1 independence from @entity3 signaling. The study of delayed resistance mechanisms could lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies. Different molecular alterations could be specifically targeted in order to extend disease control in this group of NSCLCs with distinct clinical and molecular features. @entity3 irreversible inhibitors, MET inhibitors and dual @entity3 / @entity2 inhibitors represent one of the most challenging issues in current clinical research. Ongoing clinical trials and future perspectives are discussed.

title: Mechanisms of acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor XXXX kinase inhibitors and new therapeutic perspectives in non small cell lung cancer.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 and food intake were measured in unstressed nonpregnant and pregnant @entity1 fed ad libitum. Nonpregnant females consumed 33.2 +/- 0.5 g.day-1 of pellet diet and did not demonstrate a consistent pattern of @entity3 . The average daily food intake of pregnant animals increased linearly from 38 g.day-1 at 27 days to over 60 g.day-1 near term, and the average maternal @entity3 was 13.3 g.day-1. Using sterile technique, @entity8 catheters were inserted under anesthesia into the carotid and femoral arteries of these animals. Animals recovered spontaneously, and catheters remained patent for up to 4 wk. The effect of surgical and anesthetic stress was evaluated by measurement of food intake and metabolite levels after surgery. In the nonpregnant animals, blood @entity0 decreased immediately after surgery (4.76 +/0- 0.36 versus 5.65 +/- 0.25; P less than 0.05), whereas the pregnant animals responded with a substantial increase in blood @entity0 (7.57 +/- 0.48 versus 5.87 +/- 0.33; P less than 0.05). @entity2 was increased intraoperatively in both groups (1.76 +/- 0.22 versus 1.11 +/- 0.07, nonpregnant; 1.80 +/- 0.17 versus 1.10 +/- 0.08, pregnant). The pregnant animals differed from the nonpregnant animals with regard to the pattern of changes in blood ketones after surgery. The nonpregnant animals achieved steady state within 1 day after surgery, whereas the pregnant animals required 4 days for recovery. Food intake and maternal @entity3 were markedly reduced during the recovery period for the pregnant animals. Blood metabolite levels were measured in well-fed, unstressed pregnant and nonpregnant @entity1 . Using measurements made after the third postoperative day, the unstressed pregnant animals demonstrated a progressive decline in blood @entity0 levels, reaching levels significantly below those of nonpregnant animals at 55 to 60 and 60+ days. Arterial concentrations of @entity2 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity7 , and free @entity4 did not change consistently with gestation and were not significantly different from nonpregnant values.

title: Substrate concentration changes during pregnancy in the XXXX studied under unstressed steady state conditions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: American @entity2 is a disease with a wide variety of clinical manifestations that is expanding throughout Brazil, the state of Mato Grosso do Sul constituting a significant endemic area. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical, epidemiological and laboratory characteristics of @entity0 with American @entity2 . @entity0 were recruited among those attending the Maria Aparecida Pedrossian Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional, observational study conducted using a descriptive and analytical approach. Data from @entity0 suspected of having American @entity2 who were receiving care at this institute between 1998 and 2008 and were referred to the institute's parasitology laboratory for confirmation of diagnosis were evaluated retrospectively. Clinical and laboratory criteria were taken into consideration for the inclusion of @entity0 to the study. RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity0 were included in the study, the majority of whom were male and between 45 and 59 years of age. Most had the cutaneous form of the disease with a single, @entity1 on exposed areas of the body, which had generally been present for periods of less than six months. Mucosal involvement increased with age and was highest in @entity0 who had sought medical care at a later stage. The Montenegro skin test showed the highest sensitivity. Finding the parasite was more difficult in older lesions. CONCLUSION: Suspicion of the disease at an early stage is of extreme importance for a precise diagnosis. A combination of parasitological and immunological tests renders laboratory diagnosis more reliable.

title: American XXXX : clinical, epidemiological and laboratory studies conducted at a university teaching hospital in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil.

answer: @entity2


abstract: All the @entity0 and @entity0 between six and fourteen years old regularly attending school in three villages from an area in Spain known ass Las Hurdes were studied with respect to thyroid size, body weight and height. Casual urine samples were obtained for the determination of @entity3 and @entity1 concentrations. Capillary blood was spotted on filter paper and used for the determination of @entity4 and @entity6 by radioimmunoassay. The same survey was carried out in 354 school @entity0 from Madrid, whose data were used as a reference of the adequacy of the methods employed in Las Hurdes. Goitre prevalence was very high, the overall frequency being 86 per cent. The concentration of @entity3 in the urine was less than 20 micrograms/1 in 71 per cent of the school @entity0 . The concentration of @entity1 in the urine was also half that found in @entity0 from Madrid, and the daily @entity1 excretion in @entity0 from Las Hurdes was lower than expected from their body weight. Their somatic development, as measured by height and weight, was retarded markedly, both as compared to the Madrid reference group and to international charts. Serum T4 was less than 78 nmol/l ( micrograms/kl) in 46 per cent, of the @entity0 from Hurdes, and serum TSH greater than 7.5 mU/l in 40 per cent. A relatively low stature (below the 10th percentile) was associated with either a low serum T4, an elevated serum TSH, or both, in 30 per cent of the @entity0 . These results indicate that the persistence of @entity5 in Las Hurdes is of great significance and that there is a continuing risk of the birth of cretins. Observations made a decade earlier in the same area show that the goitre @entity5 is not diminishing, and that an iodization programme is urgently needed. It also appears that a high proportion of the "normal' schoolchildren have features found in @entity2 .

title: A survey of schoolchildren from a severe XXXX area in Spain.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: This prospective randomised study evaluated whether non-knitted and non-woven lightweight implants can influence @entity2 and time of return to normal activity, without increasing the recurrence rate in Lichtenstein inguinal hernioplasty. METHODS: @entity0 were operated on in four centres, randomised blindly into two groups with respect to the mesh used: Surgimesh WN (non-woven @entity3 microfibre sheet) and heavy weight @entity3 mesh. The operation was performed according to the Lichtenstein technique. Follow-up was designed for 7  days, and 3, 6, 12 and 60  months. The objectives were to assess the incidence of early and late complications, recurrence rate, and @entity2 . RESULTS: A total of 220 @entity0 were randomised; after monitoring visits (exclusion of one hospital), 202 qualified for the assessment. At 60  months, the recurrence rate did not differ statistically. Less @entity1 on the 7th postoperative day, and at 3  months, was observed in the WN group. No other differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Use of a lightweight non-woven @entity3 implant is a valuable alternative to the use of knitted or woven meshes in the Lichtenstein method. @entity2 and recurrence were reduced at short term follow-up, but no statistical difference in recurrence rate was observed at 12 and 60  month follow-up in the @entity0 population tested.

title: Five-year results of a randomised controlled multi-centre study comparing heavy-weight knitted versus low-weight, non-woven XXXX implants in Lichtenstein hernioplasty.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are Schwann cell-like glial cells of the olfactory system that promote neural regeneration after transplantation into the injured central nervous system. Compared to the closely related Schwann cells, however, the biological characterization of OECs has remained fragmentary. This is due to the fact that the expression of OEC-specific markers is subject to complex regulation and that intricate ultrastructural analysis is essential to determine their localization. The @entity1 neurotrophin receptor ( @entity1 ) as the prototype OEC marker, for example, is only expressed by a minor population of neonatal @entity0 OECs in situ. The major population carries O4-positive axonal fragments on their surface after dissociation and up-regulates @entity1 ( @entity1 ) during culturing (Wewetzer et al. in Glia 49:577-587, 2005). In the present study, we investigated whether the cell surface determinant 27C7, defined by a monoclonal antibody to Schwann cells, is also expressed by neonatal @entity0 OECs in situ and in vitro. Primary cell suspensions of the olfactory bulb displayed 27C7 expression of both @entity1 ( @entity1 )-negative and @entity1 ( @entity1 )-positive OECs, while immature oligodendrocytes and astrocytes were devoid of any 27C7 labeling. This together with the finding that the intrafascicular OECs of the olfactory nerves in the mucosa expressed 27C7 but not @entity1 ( @entity1 ), suggests that 27C7 was expressed by the entire OEC population in situ. Maintenance of OECs in the absence of olfactory neurons in organotypic slice culture up-regulated @entity1 but did not alter 27C7 expression. It is concluded that 27C7 unlike @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is constitutively expressed by OECs and may, therefore, be a useful marker for characterization of neonatal OECs in situ and in vitro.

title: Cell surface expression of 27C7 by neonatal XXXX olfactory ensheathing cells in situ and in vitro is independent of axonal contact.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Fifty-nine @entity0 with Stage I and II diffuse @entity3 were irradiated between 1966 and 1979. Seventeen had primary @entity4 and 42 had extranodal presentations. Local recurrence was noted in 1 of 14 evaluable lymph node presentations and 8 of 36 extranodal distributions. Failures occurred in unirradiated lymph nodes (contiguous or transdiaphragmatic) in 3 of 17 @entity0 with @entity4 and 6 of 42 with @entity2 . Dissemination occurred in 4 of 17 lymph node presentations and 6 of 42 extranodal @entity1 . Local recurrence was low, particularly among @entity1 . There was no identifiable dose effect for local control. Extension to contiguous or distant lymph nodes occurred in 15% of cases. The authors suggest that the transdiaphragmatic lymph nodes be included when treating @entity0 with @entity1 . The role of adjuvant chemotherapy remains unproved.

title: Patterns of failure in treatment of stage I and II diffuse XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Electromyogram studies were conducted in 55 @entity0 with the @entity1 , together with the motor nerve conduction velocity (M.N.C.V) in the median cubital nerves, between the @entity2 's point and axilla and in the upper limb. Distal S.N.C.V. was measured in 19 cases. @entity3 was confirmed in 29% of cases, with associated carpal canal compression in 22%. The proximal N.C.V. of the median and cubital in the neurological forms, and of the median in the neurovascular forms, were significantly different from normal values in 18 control subjects, but were not so in the vascular forms. Through E.M.G. examination cannot confirm the need for surgery it can supply supportive evidence. No correlation between the clinical course and the proximal N.C.V. was found in the 18 @entity0 seen after treatment (surgery in 13 cases).

title: [Value of electromyography in the XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between the fat mass- and @entity1 -associated ( @entity3 ) gene and a predisposition to @entity1 is inconsistent in adult Asian populations. We investigated the association of the @entity3 gene with weight status in Japanese @entity0 and adolescents. DESIGN/SETTING: Nested case-control study and 3-yr longitudinal study - In the Shunan @entity0 Cohort Study, fifth and eighth grade students attending all schools of Shunan completed the questionnaires. Overweight, including @entity1 , was defined as a percentage of overweight of 20% or in accordance with the International Obesity Task Force. We recruited 133 obese subjects and randomly selected controls from the 2006 cohort. We genotyped three @entity3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): @entity4 , @entity2 , and @entity5 . RESULTS: The three genotyped SNPs were in tight linkage disequilibrium, with the exception of one case. The minor SNP allele of @entity4 conferred a predisposition to @entity1 , and its odds ratio was 2.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-3.4] in the additive model and 2.7 (95% CI, 1.6-4.4) in the dominant model (p < 0.001). Although blood parameters and some lifestyle behaviors were significantly different between the cases and controls (p < 0.01), these traits were not significantly different among the genotypes. In addition, we did not find an association between the genotypes and body mass index change during the 3 yr. CONCLUSION: The @entity3 gene is associated with the early onset of overweight in the Japanese population as well as in European populations. The results suggest that @entity1 -related risk factors in fifth and eighth graders appear because of their overweight status.

title: Association between the XXXX gene and overweight in Japanese @entity0 and adolescents.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The association between the fat mass- and @entity1 -associated ( @entity3 ) gene and a predisposition to @entity1 is inconsistent in adult Asian populations. We investigated the association of the @entity3 gene with weight status in Japanese @entity0 and adolescents. DESIGN/SETTING: Nested case-control study and 3-yr longitudinal study - In the Shunan @entity0 Cohort Study, fifth and eighth grade students attending all schools of Shunan completed the questionnaires. Overweight, including @entity1 , was defined as a percentage of overweight of 20% or in accordance with the International Obesity Task Force. We recruited 133 obese subjects and randomly selected controls from the 2006 cohort. We genotyped three @entity3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): @entity4 , @entity2 , and @entity5 . RESULTS: The three genotyped SNPs were in tight linkage disequilibrium, with the exception of one case. The minor SNP allele of @entity4 conferred a predisposition to @entity1 , and its odds ratio was 2.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.5-3.4] in the additive model and 2.7 (95% CI, 1.6-4.4) in the dominant model (p < 0.001). Although blood parameters and some lifestyle behaviors were significantly different between the cases and controls (p < 0.01), these traits were not significantly different among the genotypes. In addition, we did not find an association between the genotypes and body mass index change during the 3 yr. CONCLUSION: The @entity3 gene is associated with the early onset of overweight in the Japanese population as well as in European populations. The results suggest that @entity1 -related risk factors in fifth and eighth graders appear because of their overweight status.

title: Association between the @entity3 gene and overweight in Japanese XXXX and adolescents.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 is common worldwide, with significant morbidity and impact on quality of life. In @entity0 who don't respond adequately to anti- @entity1 drugs. Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy is effective although requires specialist administration. Sublingual immunotherapy may represent an effective and safer alternative. This Cochrane systematic review is an update of one published in 2003. We searched Cochrane ENT Group Trials Register, Central, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Biosis Previews, Cambridge Scientific Abstarcts, mRCT and additional sources. We included randomised, double-blind, placebo- controlled trials of @entity4 in adults and @entity0 . Two authors selected studies and assessed them for quality. Data were put into RevMan 5.0 for a statistical analysis. We used standardised mean difference (SMD), with a random effect model to combine data. Sixty studies were included, with 49 suitable for meta-analysis. We found significant reductions in symptoms (SMD -0.49; 95%CI (-0.64 to -0.34, P < 0.00001)) and medication requirements (SMD -0.32; 95%CI (-0.43 to -0.21, P < 0.00001)) compared with placebo. None of the trials reported severe systemic reactions, anaphylaxis or use of @entity2 . This updated review reinforces the conclusion of the original 2003 Cochrane Review that @entity4 is effective for @entity3 and appears a safe route of administration.

title: Systematic reviews of @entity4 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 is common worldwide, with significant morbidity and impact on quality of life. In @entity0 who don't respond adequately to anti- @entity1 drugs. Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy is effective although requires specialist administration. Sublingual immunotherapy may represent an effective and safer alternative. This Cochrane systematic review is an update of one published in 2003. We searched Cochrane ENT Group Trials Register, Central, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Biosis Previews, Cambridge Scientific Abstarcts, mRCT and additional sources. We included randomised, double-blind, placebo- controlled trials of @entity4 in adults and @entity0 . Two authors selected studies and assessed them for quality. Data were put into RevMan 5.0 for a statistical analysis. We used standardised mean difference (SMD), with a random effect model to combine data. Sixty studies were included, with 49 suitable for meta-analysis. We found significant reductions in symptoms (SMD -0.49; 95%CI (-0.64 to -0.34, P < 0.00001)) and medication requirements (SMD -0.32; 95%CI (-0.43 to -0.21, P < 0.00001)) compared with placebo. None of the trials reported severe systemic reactions, anaphylaxis or use of @entity2 . This updated review reinforces the conclusion of the original 2003 Cochrane Review that @entity4 is effective for @entity3 and appears a safe route of administration.

title: Systematic reviews of XXXX ( @entity4 ).

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM:     Biliary stricture may be benign or malignant and @entity3 . Brush cytology is a simple technique for diagnosing the cause of biliary stricture; however, its sensitivity has been reported to be low. A technique that comprises diagnosing the cause of stricture with a satisfactory sensitivity and relieving @entity2 is required. This study was designed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of brush cytology and the feasibility of the subsequent stent placement in a single endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) session performed for presumed @entity1 . METHODS:     Data were collected by reviewing the medical records of 100 consecutive @entity0 with suspected @entity1 who underwent brush cytology followed by stent placement at our center. Diagnostic performance of brush cytology, completion rate of the whole procedures comprising brush cytology and stent placement, and complications were evaluated. RESULT:     Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall accuracy of brush cytology were 83%, 100%, 100%, 33% and 84%, respectively. Biliary stent was successfully inserted for all @entity0 (100%) subsequent to brush cytology in a single ERCP session. Eight @entity0 (8%) had complications. CONCLUSION:     Brush cytology was performed with much higher sensitivity of 83% than those of previous reports and the subsequent stent placement was successfully completed in all cases. For presumed @entity1 , brush cytology should be selected as an initial attempt because this technique is simple and enables subsequent stent placement in a single ERCP session.

title: Combined brush cytology and stent placement in a single session for presumed XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND:    Despite the high sensitivity and specificity of PCR, detection of @entity1 DNA in feces is still challenging. Fecal samples contain inhibitory molecules that can prevent amplification of the target DNA. Even by using specific DNA extraction kits for stools, monitoring of @entity0 by analyzing stool samples remains problematic and endorses the need for improved diagnostic methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The newly proposed method uses selective hybridization of target DNA with @entity2 -labeled probes, followed by DNA isolation with streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. After three washing steps, the purified DNA can be amplified immediately using conventional or quantitative PCR. In order to test this technique on biological samples, Mongolian gerbils were infected with @entity1 ATCC 43504 and fecal samples were analyzed on days 1, 4, and 10 post @entity0 . RESULTS: A detection limit of one bacterial cell per 100 mg stool sample was established, but only after removal of the magnetic beads from the target DNA by heating. This resulted in a 10-fold increase of sensitivity compared to a commercially available stool DNA extraction kit. Analysis of fecal samples from infected gerbils demonstrated the presence of @entity1 DNA on each time point, while the uninfected animal remained negative. CONCLUSIONS:    The proposed technique allows detection of very low quantities of @entity1 DNA in biological samples. In laboratory animal models, detailed monitoring of @entity0 and complete clearance of @entity0 can be demonstrated thanks to the low detection limit.

title: An alternative, sensitive method to detect XXXX DNA in feces.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Enhancing the connective tissue seal around dental implants may be an important factor in implant survival. PURPOSE: The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of implant surface modification with either platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or @entity2 ( @entity2 ) on connective tissue attachment to @entity1 implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighteen implants (Branemark   Mk III Groovy NP (3.3   mm         10   mm, Nobel Biocare) were implanted subcutaneously into 12 @entity0 . Six implants each were coated with either PDGF or @entity2 immediately prior to implantation and six implants were left uncoated. Implants were retrieved at 4 and 8   weeks and assessed histologically to compare the soft tissue adaptation to the implant surfaces. RESULTS: Ingrowth by soft connective tissue into the threads of all implants was noted at 4 and 8 weeks. Coating with growth factors did not alter the orientation of fibroblasts and collagen fibers. The depth of connective tissue penetration into the implant grooves was significantly greater for the implants coated with PDGF at 4   weeks. The thickness of the connective tissue in growth was significantly less for the implants coated with PDGF at 8   weeks. CONCLUSION: Coating of the implant surface with rhPDGF-BB or @entity2 can increase the speed and quantity of soft tissue healing around the implant surface.

title: Soft tissue attachment to XXXX implants coated with growth factors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Mitochondria play critical roles in oxidative phosphorylation and energy metabolism. Increasing evidence supports that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and dysfunction play vital roles in the development of many mitochondria-related diseases, such as @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity1 in @entity0 . @entity0 @entity13 -DNA glycosylase 1 ( @entity11 ) transgenic (TG) @entity3 were produced by nuclear microinjection. Transgene integration was analyzed by PCR. Transgene expression was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Mitochondrial DNA damage was analyzed by mutational analyses and measurement of mtDNA copy number. Total fat content was measured by a whole-body scan using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The @entity11 overexpression in mitochondria increased the abundance of intracellular free radicals and major deletions in mtDNA. @entity4 in @entity11 TG @entity3 resulted from increased fat content in tissues, produced by @entity10 . The molecular mechanisms of @entity4 involved overexpression of genes in the central orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) pathway, peripheral lipogenesis, down-regulation of genes in the central anorexigenic (appetite-suppressing) pathway, peripheral adaptive thermogenesis, and @entity9 oxidation. Diffuse hepatosteatosis, @entity12 , and increased frequency of @entity8 were also seen in these @entity11 TG @entity3 . High levels of @entity11 expression in mitochondria, resulting in enhanced oxidative DNA damage processing, may be an important factor in @entity0 @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity1 .

title: XXXX and hepatosteatosis in @entity3 with enhanced oxidative DNA damage processing in mitochondria.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Mitochondria play critical roles in oxidative phosphorylation and energy metabolism. Increasing evidence supports that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and dysfunction play vital roles in the development of many mitochondria-related diseases, such as @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity1 in @entity0 . @entity0 @entity13 -DNA glycosylase 1 ( @entity11 ) transgenic (TG) @entity3 were produced by nuclear microinjection. Transgene integration was analyzed by PCR. Transgene expression was measured by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Mitochondrial DNA damage was analyzed by mutational analyses and measurement of mtDNA copy number. Total fat content was measured by a whole-body scan using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The @entity11 overexpression in mitochondria increased the abundance of intracellular free radicals and major deletions in mtDNA. @entity4 in @entity11 TG @entity3 resulted from increased fat content in tissues, produced by @entity10 . The molecular mechanisms of @entity4 involved overexpression of genes in the central orexigenic (appetite-stimulating) pathway, peripheral lipogenesis, down-regulation of genes in the central anorexigenic (appetite-suppressing) pathway, peripheral adaptive thermogenesis, and @entity9 oxidation. Diffuse hepatosteatosis, @entity12 , and increased frequency of @entity8 were also seen in these @entity11 TG @entity3 . High levels of @entity11 expression in mitochondria, resulting in enhanced oxidative DNA damage processing, may be an important factor in @entity0 @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity1 .

title: @entity4 and hepatosteatosis in XXXX with enhanced oxidative DNA damage processing in mitochondria.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4 is the most common @entity1 in white populations. We evaluated the local cure rate and cosmetic outcome of @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of the face treated with low-dose rate brachytherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between February 1990 and May 2000, 147 @entity2 in 132 @entity0 were treated by (192)Ir wire implantation. Side effects of brachytherapy were noted. Follow-up was 2 years or more. Locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and overall survival were recorded. Group A included @entity0 treated by primary brachytherapy, and Group B included those treated after recurrence. RESULTS: A total of 121 @entity2 were BCCs (82.3%) and 26 were SCCs (17.7%); the median @entity1 size was 10 mm. Of the @entity1 , 86 (58.5%) were in @entity0 and 61 (41.5%) were in @entity0 ; the median age was 71 years. Group A comprised 116 lesions (78.9%), and Group B, 31 (21.1%). There were 17 relapses (11.6%) after a median follow-up of 72 months: 12 local, 4 nodal, and 1 local and nodal. Locoregional-free survival was 96.6% at 2 years and 87.3% at 5 years. Five-year LRFS was 82.6% in @entity0 and 93.3% in @entity0 (p = 0.027). After adjustment for gender, LRFS was better after primary treatment than after recurrence (hasard ratio HR, 2.91; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-8.03; p  = 0.039). Five-year LRFS was 90.4% for @entity5 and 70.8% for @entity3 (p = 0.03). There were no Grade 3 complications. CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose rate brachytherapy offers good local control and cosmetic outcome in @entity0 with @entity4 , with no Grade 3 complications. Brchytherapy is more efficient when used as primary treatment.

title: Retrospective analysis of local control and cosmetic outcome of 147 periorificial XXXX of the face treated with low-dose rate interstitial brachytherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic rejection can prevent long-term survival of organ transplants. Although the beneficial effects of @entity6 ( @entity4 -y) in reducing graft rejection have been reported, the details of the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, especially in the context of modulating cellular infiltration and preventing @entity3 and @entity2 . METHODS: The therapeutic effects of the @entity4 -y agonist, @entity5 , combined with anti- @entity1 are explored in a @entity0 model of MHC Class II-histoincompatible cardiac transplantation. RESULTS: @entity5 treatment alone marginally increased long-term survival and reduced CD8 T-cell infiltration and @entity3 in the grafts. However, there was no reduction in collagen deposition and interleukin (IL)-4, @entity1 and eosinophil infiltration were increased. Anti- @entity1 antibody treatment alone reduced eosinophil infiltration and collagen deposition, but had no effect on CD8 T-cell infiltration or @entity3 . Combined treatment with anti- @entity1 antibody and @entity5 prevented graft rejection. Furthermore, @entity5 treatment increased adiponectin receptor II expression in grafts and on dendritic cells and T cells in vitro. Graft survival correlated with increased expression in grafts of the inhibitory molecule @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings obtained increase the knowledge on the mode of action of @entity5 in promoting the survival of MHC Class II-mismatched cardiac transplants in which the CD8 T cells and eosinophils play key roles. @entity4 -y signaling combined with @entity1 blockade prevents graft rejection.

title: XXXX -y signaling and @entity1 inhibition together prevent chronic rejection of MHC Class II-mismatched cardiac grafts.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic rejection can prevent long-term survival of organ transplants. Although the beneficial effects of @entity6 ( @entity4 -y) in reducing graft rejection have been reported, the details of the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, especially in the context of modulating cellular infiltration and preventing @entity3 and @entity2 . METHODS: The therapeutic effects of the @entity4 -y agonist, @entity5 , combined with anti- @entity1 are explored in a @entity0 model of MHC Class II-histoincompatible cardiac transplantation. RESULTS: @entity5 treatment alone marginally increased long-term survival and reduced CD8 T-cell infiltration and @entity3 in the grafts. However, there was no reduction in collagen deposition and interleukin (IL)-4, @entity1 and eosinophil infiltration were increased. Anti- @entity1 antibody treatment alone reduced eosinophil infiltration and collagen deposition, but had no effect on CD8 T-cell infiltration or @entity3 . Combined treatment with anti- @entity1 antibody and @entity5 prevented graft rejection. Furthermore, @entity5 treatment increased adiponectin receptor II expression in grafts and on dendritic cells and T cells in vitro. Graft survival correlated with increased expression in grafts of the inhibitory molecule @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: The findings obtained increase the knowledge on the mode of action of @entity5 in promoting the survival of MHC Class II-mismatched cardiac transplants in which the CD8 T cells and eosinophils play key roles. @entity4 -y signaling combined with @entity1 blockade prevents graft rejection.

title: @entity4 -y signaling and XXXX inhibition together prevent chronic rejection of MHC Class II-mismatched cardiac grafts.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The most commonly used morphological descriptors of @entity0 are cross-sectional intimal area and "percent @entity2 ." Cross-sectional intimal area, i.e. plaque area, describes lesion size, without normalizing for differences in arterial size. "Percent @entity2 " describes the percentage of the area within the internal elastic lamina that is occupied by plaque. When using intimal area and percent lumen @entity2 data from @entity1 regression experiments there may be interpretational difficulties not only in determining the extent to which @entity1 has regressed, but also in whether or not regression has occurred. Specifically, if there if a minimal decrease in intimal area, i.e. little or no regression of atherosclerisis, and the artery becomes larger, percent lumen @entity2 will decrease, in some cases substantially, indicating improvement or "regression" of the disease. In experiments where the age, body and heart weights of baseline animals are different from those of the regression animals, part of the improvement that is seen in "percent @entity2 " may be attributable to animal growth and part to an actual decrease in intimal area. A particularly interesting, complicating factor is the apparent effect of @entity1 on arterial size. In an @entity1 progression experiment we compared coronary arteries from @entity3 fed either a control diet or an atherogenic diet for 36 months. Ages, body weights and heart weights were similar between the groups. The animals fed the atherogenic diet had much larger coronary artery intimal areas, but also had considerably larger coronary arteriese as indicated both by area enclosed by the internal elastic lamina and lumen area. These findings suggest that in growing animals @entity1 may result in increased arterial size and thereby complicate interpretations of @entity1 progression and regression experiments.

title: Complicating factors in evaluating XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of rabies transmission and control among physicians practicing in healthcare centers in Sanliurfa, @entity1 where 2 cases of @entity0 rabies were reported in the past 12 months. Implementation issues regarding the current guidelines will also be discussed. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 84 physicians practicing in healthcare centers in Sanliurfa, located in the Southeastern Anatolian region of @entity1 . RESULTS: Among physicians, average duration of medical practice was 8.5    6.7 years. The correct incubation period of rabies cases was known by 57.1% of the physicians. While 88.1% of physicians were aware of possible exposure routes, only 44.0% of them had the information that mucosal contact may also lead to transmission. While 96.4% of the physicians correctly indicated that @entity3 and @entity2 can transmit the disease, the fact that foxes also have a role in transmission was known by only 48.8%. Post-exposure prophylaxis was correctly indicated by 65.5% of @entity0 , but only 17.9% had correct information about pre-exposure prophylaxis. CONCLUSION: An important approach in rabies control is to increase community awareness, particularly among healthcare providers. It was found that basic management issues and insufficient awareness still exist despite the presence of legal regulations. To control rabies, the issue must be dealt with locally, through both economic and social means, by supporting rabies control efforts of local health and agricultural directorate managers and by encouraging collaboration with academics.

title: Where do we stand in the control of rabies? Knowledge and practices among physicians in a health district in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report a case of @entity2 arising from the index finger. The @entity0 , a 62-year-old @entity0 , noticed the @entity1 in his right index finger about 30 years ago. X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a 5-cm calcified soft-tissue @entity1 on the radial side of the proximal phalanx without any destruction of the cortex. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed iso-signal intensities on T1-weighted image (WI), spotted high-signal intensities on T2 WI and no enhanced areas after @entity3 injection. Because these studies could not definitively determine whether the @entity1 was benign or malignant, we performed a needle biopsy. As we suspected @entity2 , we performed a marginal excision. The @entity1 adhered to the A1 pulley. Pathological diagnosis was @entity2 , as expected. Approximately 80% of @entity2 arise in hands or feet. Most reported cases are <3  cm. Literature review failed to uncover any cases @entity1 in our @entity0 .

title: XXXX of the index finger: a case report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Increased serum @entity1 levels are common after living-donor hepatectomy. Little information is available on the characteristics and clinical significance of serum @entity1 levels soon after donor hepatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Since September 2001, we performed 229 living donor hepatectomies for living-donor liver transplantations. The 128 @entity0 and 101 @entity0 had a mean age of 34.4  8.9 years (range, 19-66). Most donors were parents (n=110; 48%). We transplanted 110 right lobes, 46 left lobes, and 73 left lateral segments. Donors were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 consisted of 181 donors who showed total @entity1 levels of <3 mg/dL, and group 2, 48 donors with levels of >= 3 mg/dL on postoperative day 3. Preoperative total @entity1 level, ratio of preoperatively estimated remnant liver volume, surgical duration, gender, age, graft type, blood transfusions, and preoperative liver biopsy findings were evaluated as risk factors for @entity2 . RESULTS: The mean postoperative maximum total @entity1 level was 2.26  1.49 mg/dL (range, 0.36-9.9). Remnant liver volume<40%, preoperative @entity1 levels>1 mg/dL, right lobe donor hepatectomy, male donor, and abnormal liver biopsy findings were significant risk factors for postoperative @entity2 (P=.015, P=.02, P<.01, P=.008, and P=.023 respectively). Also donor age>50 years showed a slight effect on @entity2 (P=.052). Blood transfusions and surgical times were not significant factors. CONCLUSION: Donor safety is paramount, requiring thorough donor evaluation. Extensive liver resection may result in transient functional impairment. Several factors are believed to play roles in the development of postoperative @entity2 after living-donor hepatectomy.

title: Factors associated with XXXX after living donor hepatectomy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the evolution of @entity1 after external continent urinary diversion (Mitrofanoff principle) (ECUD-M) associated with ileocystoplasty. @entity0 AND METHODS: Over 18 years from 1992 to 2009, ECUD-M with ileocystoplasty was performed in 120 @entity0 with mean age of 25.5 years. @entity1 was evident in 43 @entity0 (17 @entity0 and 26 adults). RESULTS: Ninety percent of @entity0 demonstrated a @entity2 and mild to moderate @entity3 . Initially, all @entity0 underwent continuous bladder drainage for a mean of 3 weeks. Renal function improved in 35 @entity0 , although with persistent mild @entity3 . The other @entity0 demonstrated moderate persistent residual @entity3 . During a mean follow-up of 10 years (range, 1-18 years), renal function returned to normal in 13 @entity0 , stabilized at lower values in 15, and remained moderate in 5. After a mean follow-up of 8 years (range, 6-12 years), @entity3 gradually worsened, increasing to higher values in 6 @entity0 and leading to hemodialysis in 4. One @entity0 underwent living-donor kidney transplantation, with good evolution. CONCLUSION: ECUD-M with ileocystoplasty can lead to normalization unless stabilizationof impaired residual renal function by eliminating the obstructive factor provides self-adequate management of the diversion. The procedure delays for the need forhemodialysis therapy, and enables @entity0 to prepare for kidney transplantation into a previously reconstructed lower urinary tract.

title: Evolution of XXXX after external continent urinary diversion (Mitrofanoff principle).

answer: @entity1


abstract: Intestinal @entity1 shock is obtained in fasted @entity0 by 40-minute @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or by 35-minute @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Survival is prolonged by plasma treatment; further prolongation is obtained by additional administration of @entity3 . After @entity4 early @entity10 is marked. Plasma adrenaline rises steeply after opening of the arteries and remains high, while plasma insulin remains unaltered. The @entity10 is abolished by adrenalectomy and section of the major @entity2 (MSN) proximal to the adrenals but not by section of the MSN distal from the adrenals or by vagotomy. It is concluded that the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated by a substance, possibly related to @entity11 , released from the intestines. After @entity8 @entity10 is less marked. Plasma @entity6 as well as insulin are increased. During late and fatal @entity9 after @entity8 plus plasma treatment, the liver still appears to be functionally intact. It is assumed that gluconeogenesis is reversibly inhibited by as yet unknown factors. The @entity9 cannot be abolished by injection of common substrates of gluconeogenesis but the combination @entity5 plus glucagon plus @entity7 is highly effective.

title: Disturbances in the @entity3 metabolism in intestinal XXXX shock.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Intestinal @entity1 shock is obtained in fasted @entity0 by 40-minute @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or by 35-minute @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Survival is prolonged by plasma treatment; further prolongation is obtained by additional administration of @entity3 . After @entity4 early @entity10 is marked. Plasma adrenaline rises steeply after opening of the arteries and remains high, while plasma insulin remains unaltered. The @entity10 is abolished by adrenalectomy and section of the major @entity2 (MSN) proximal to the adrenals but not by section of the MSN distal from the adrenals or by vagotomy. It is concluded that the sympathetic nervous system is stimulated by a substance, possibly related to @entity11 , released from the intestines. After @entity8 @entity10 is less marked. Plasma @entity6 as well as insulin are increased. During late and fatal @entity9 after @entity8 plus plasma treatment, the liver still appears to be functionally intact. It is assumed that gluconeogenesis is reversibly inhibited by as yet unknown factors. The @entity9 cannot be abolished by injection of common substrates of gluconeogenesis but the combination @entity5 plus glucagon plus @entity7 is highly effective.

title: Disturbances in the XXXX metabolism in intestinal @entity1 shock.

answer: @entity3


abstract: When applicable, it is generally preferred to evaluate positron emission tomography (PET) studies using a reference tissue-based approach as that avoids the need for invasive arterial blood sampling. However, most reference tissue methods have been shown to have a bias that is dependent on the level of tracer binding, and the variability of parameter estimates may be substantially affected by noise level. In a study of @entity3 transporter (SERT) binding in @entity2 @entity1 , it was determined that applying parameter coupling to the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM) reduced the variability of parameter estimates and yielded the strongest between-group significant differences in SERT binding. The use of parameter coupling makes the application of SRTM more consistent with conventional blood input models and reduces the total number of fitted parameters, thus should yield more robust parameter estimates. Here, we provide a detailed evaluation of the application of parameter constraint and parameter coupling to @entity5 PET studies. Five quantitative methods, including three methods that constrain the reference tissue clearance (k(r)(2)) to a common value across regions were applied to the clinical and simulated data to compare measurement of the tracer binding potential (BP( @entity4 )). Compared with standard SRTM, either coupling of k(r)(2) across regions or constraining k(r)(2) to a first-pass estimate improved the sensitivity of SRTM to measuring a significant difference in BP( @entity4 ) between @entity0 and controls. Parameter coupling was particularly effective in reducing the variance of parameter estimates, which was less than 50% of the variance obtained with standard SRTM. A linear approach was also improved when constraining k(r)(2) to a first-pass estimate, although the SRTM-based methods yielded stronger significant differences when applied to the clinical study. This work shows that parameter coupling reduces the variance of parameter estimates and may better discriminate between-group differences in specific binding.

title: Reference tissue modeling with parameter coupling: application to a study of SERT binding in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective was to examine age- and sex-specific @entity1 prevention and screening practices among 1820 Asian Indian (AI) adults in the United States using items from the 2000 National Health Interview Survey @entity1 Control Topical Module. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 1820 randomly selected AIs living in 7 US cities. Data were collected via telephone interviews by trained multilingual AI staff; the response rate was 62%. The primary outcome variables were age- and sex-specific @entity1 screening behaviors. RESULTS: Most of the AIs are @entity0 , married, educated, and with some form of health insurance. One fifth reported a family history of @entity1 . Adherence to mammography, Papanicolaou test, and clinical breast examination was higher in contrast to low rates of breast self-examination in @entity0 . Similarly, @entity0 reported low clinical testicular examination and fecal occult blood test, although @entity2 screening was higher than the reported rates among Asian Americans. @entity0 were more likely to get a colonoscopy than @entity0 . The length of time in the United States had a relatively weak effect, and a family history of @entity1 had a moderate effect on screening behavior. Education and access to health care increased the odds (2-6 times) of @entity1 screening in AI @entity0 and @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 screening varies by educational level, years lived in the United States, and access to health care, among AIs living in the United States. Differences in sociodemographic factors should be considered to predict adherence to @entity1 screening guidelines and also be factored into @entity0 education in this ethnic subgroup.

title: Age- and sex-specific XXXX prevention and screening practices among asian Indian immigrants in the United States.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Massive transfusion is an essential part of resuscitation efforts in acute @entity1 @entity0 . The goal is to quickly correct @entity1 -induced @entity2 and replace red blood cell (RBC) mass with the minimal number as well as the appropriate choice of blood components to minimize the possible adverse effects of transfusions. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is present in about 20% of @entity0 upon hospital admission and predicts for decreased survival. The mechanism of @entity2 is still being elucidated; however, most theories of @entity2 's pathophysiology justify the early use of plasma. Most massive transfusion protocol (MTP) ratios deliver blood products in a ratio of 1:1:1 for RBCs:plasma:platelets, which is supported by the majority of the literature demonstrating improved @entity0 survival with higher ratios (>1 plasma and platelet for every 2 RBCs transfused). Indeed, formula-driven MTPs allow @entity1 services to react quickly to @entity2 and provide coagulation factors and platelets in these ratios without having to wait for the results of coagulation assays while the @entity0 's @entity2 worsens. New MTPs are being created which are adjusted according to an individual's coagulation laboratory values based on point-of-care laboratory tests, such as thromboelastography. When creating an MTP, product wastage due to inappropriate activation and improper product storage should be considered and closely monitored. Another area of discussion regarding transfusion in @entity1 includes the potential association of prolonged storage of RBCs and adverse outcomes, which has yet to be confirmed. Significant progress has been made in the transfusion management of @entity1 @entity0 , but further studies are required to optimize @entity0 care and outcomes.

title: Blood transfusion in XXXX @entity0 : unresolved questions.

answer: @entity1