abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate relationships between self-monitoring operationalized by predicting recall and study strategy decisions made by adults with diffuse, acquired @entity1 (ABI) and adults without ABI. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Eighteen adults with ABI and 16 without ABI studied two lists of unrelated noun-pairs, made item-by-item immediate and delayed @entity2 and selected items (after predictions) to restudy again. The computer selected items for restudy based on the lowest prediction rating (i.e. unlikely to recall). A mixed list design was used to balance item selection (self or computer,within-lists) by type of prediction (immediate or delayed, between-lists). Recall was tested prior to and after restudying. HYPOTHESES: Delayed @entity2 would be more accurate than immediate @entity2 ; @entity0 would select items for restudy that corresponded with 'lower' delayed predictions (i.e. less likely to recall) and 'higher' immediate predictions (i.e. more likely to recall); for adults with ABI, recall would improve the most from restudying items selected after delayed predictions; and that recall predictive accuracy and study selection decisions are independent processes. RESULTS: Delayed @entity2 were more accurate than immediate @entity2 , though adults with ABI tended to be less accurate than controls. Both groups selected items for restudy that had relatively low prediction ratings irrespective of prediction timing. Of adults with ABI, those with low recall prior to restudy selected items that had 'high' immediate predictions (i.e. likely to recall). However, there was no greater benefit to recall using this strategy. For adults with ABI, recall improved the most from restudying items that were self-selected after delayed predictions, whereas controls' recall improved, irrespective of prediction and selection timing. Between- @entity0 correlations revealed no relationship between recall predictive accuracy and study selection strategies. CONCLUSIONS: These findings imply that adults with ABI should base strategy decisions on delayed predictions rather than on 'in the moment' immediate ones, selecting items that they have predicted will be difficult to recall. Continued efforts to disambiguate self-monitoring from strategy decisions are required before direct clinical applications can be made.

title: Predictions of recall and study strategy decisions after XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the determinants of @entity0 withdrawal from our study, and the effect of these withdrawals on the outcome of treatment with inhaled corticosteroids in @entity0 with @entity2 . DESIGN: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. SETTING: Eighteen outpatient centers in the United Kingdom. @entity0 : Seven hundred fifty-one @entity0 with stable @entity2 defined clinically and as baseline postbronchodilator FEV(1) > or = 0.8 L and < 85% predicted, FEV(1)/FVC ratio < 70%, and FEV(1) change after @entity3 < 10% of predicted. INTERVENTION: Random assignment of either 500 microg bid of inhaled @entity4 (FP) using a spacer device or an identical placebo inhaler. Treatment was continued for 3 years or until @entity0 withdrew from follow-up. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Postbronchodilator FEV(1) was measured on three occasions before randomization and every 3 months thereafter. Health status was assessed by the disease-specific St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and the modified short-form 36 questionnaire (SF-36) at baseline and every 6 months. Three hundred thirty-nine @entity0 withdrew, of whom 156 @entity0 received FP. Prescription of frequent courses of oral @entity1 was the most common reason for withdrawing as specified in the protocol (69 @entity0 in the FP group withdrew due to respiratory symptoms, compared with 93 @entity0 in the placebo group). This explained the significantly greater dropout of placebo-treated @entity0 that was most evident when FEV(1) was < 50% predicted. @entity0 withdrawing had a significantly more rapid decline in health status, measured by both the SGRQ and the SF-36 (p < 0.001). Those withdrawing from the placebo group had a more rapid decline in FEV(1) and more exacerbations than the FP-treated groups. Baseline FEV(1) was lower in dropouts than in @entity0 completing the study receiving placebo, but there was no difference between the respective groups receiving FP. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 who withdrew from follow-up were those with the most rapidly deteriorating health status and lung function. Losing these @entity0 from the final analysis can reduce the power of a study to achieve its primary end point.

title: Withdrawal from treatment as an outcome in the ISOLDE study of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Impairments in activities of daily living (ADL) are common after @entity1 and may be related to @entity4 . We have demonstrated that remission of @entity4 was associated with improvement in ADL. The administration of antidepressants within the first 3 months after @entity1 has been shown to prevent @entity4 , early administration might also improve recovery of ADL among @entity0 with @entity1 . This study examines the effect of early versus late treatment with antidepressants on recovery in ADL. Among 62 @entity0 after @entity1 , the therapeutic effect of a 3-month course of antidepressants begun during the first month after @entity1 was compared with the effect of treatment begun after 1 month. The severity of impairment was measured using the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and post-treatment outcome was assessed over the following 21 months. Although both the early and late treatment groups showed improvements in @entity3 scores during the 3 months of treatment, the early treatment group improved significantly more than the late treatment group. After the treatment, the early treatment group maintained this improvement over 2 years while the late treatment group deteriorated over time. There were no significant differences in the 2 groups that would explain the findings. Recovery in @entity2 after @entity1 appeared to be enhanced by the use of antidepressant medication if treatment was started within the first month after @entity1 . These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that there may be a time-related therapeutic window in the treatment of @entity4 .

title: The effect of early versus late antidepressant treatment on XXXX : is there a time-related therapeutic window?

answer: @entity4


abstract: Recent studies suggest a role of ion channels of the DEG/ENaC family for mechanosensation in different species and in baroreceptor reflex control in @entity0 . We tested the hypothesis that ENaC within the cardiac sensory network are mandatory for mechanosensation. Experiments were performed in male @entity0 , isolated nodose ganglion cells with cardiac afferents and isolated vagus nerves. Epicardial delivery of the @entity3 analogue @entity4 intended to specifically inhibit ENaC presumably located on cardiac sensory afferents indeed blunted the mechanosensitive (i. e., sympathoinhibition by intravenous volume loading [-32% and -42% in treated groups vs. -67% in controls; n = 7 each; p < 0.05]) as well as-though to a lesser extent-the @entity1 (3)-mediated chemosensitive cardiorenal reflex in vivo in a dose-dependent manner. Using patch clamp technique, however, it turned out that neither @entity3 nor @entity4 influenced mechanically induced currents in ganglion nodosum cells in vitro, stimulated by hypoosmotic stress. The unspecific stretch activated ion channel blocker @entity2 completely abolished mechanically induced currents, indicating respective cells were mechanosensitive. In isolated vagus nerves @entity4 impaired action potentials obtained by electrical stimulation (C-spike amplitude [-33%]; latency [+12%]; n = 8; p < 0.05). Our findings at least cast doubt on ENaC exclusively playing a specific role as mechanotransducers within the cardiac sensory network. Other ion channels might be involved. Furthermore the observed findings in vivo could also be due to unspecific disturbance of afferent signal conduction.

title: Putative role of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC) in the afferent limb of cardio renal reflexes in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: RESEARCH QUESTION: In addition to medical, job related, sociodemographic risk factors, and health related behavior, topics that traditionally have been less in the focus of attention in this context, such as biographic data, coping with stress, personality variables, pregnancy related attitudes, fears, and the social network were examined. @entity0 AND METHODS: 589 @entity0 between 16(th) and 22(nd) week of pregnancy were examined using a questionnaire that was designed for the study. This resulted in 508 @entity0 pregnant with a single @entity0 , whose pregnancy and delivery were examined based on their medical records. Factor analysis and main component analysis with subsequent varimax rotation resulted in factors that were subject to a proof of reliability. Statistical analysis was based on logistic regression. RESULTS: 129 (27.7%) of @entity0 displayed signs/indices of an imminent @entity2 , 29% (5.8%) of whom later actually had a @entity2 before the end of the 37(th) week of pregnancy. Pregnant @entity0 who were in treatment for an imminent @entity2 appear to have been subject to higher social stress as compared to those, who later later actually gave birth before completing the 37(th) week of pregnancy. Lack of a female network and lack of emotional understanding from the partner are correlated to both of these complications. Specifically, @entity2 appears to be significantly influenced by partner relationship. Another significant predicting variable for imminent and @entity2 appears to be a history of gynecological problems. A distinct risk factor for delivery before completion of the 37(th) week of pregnancy was a history of colpitis. In addition, pronounced @entity1 in respect to the pregnancy, and low general @entity1 were significant predicting variables for delivery before completion of the 37(th) week of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Partner relationship, female networks, psychosomatic reactivity in terms of diseases/disorders of the reproductive organs, and @entity1 appear to be worthwhile targets in the prevention of @entity2 .

title: [Biopsychosocial predictors of @entity2 and XXXX ? Results of a prospective study].

answer: @entity2


abstract: RESEARCH QUESTION: In addition to medical, job related, sociodemographic risk factors, and health related behavior, topics that traditionally have been less in the focus of attention in this context, such as biographic data, coping with stress, personality variables, pregnancy related attitudes, fears, and the social network were examined. @entity0 AND METHODS: 589 @entity0 between 16(th) and 22(nd) week of pregnancy were examined using a questionnaire that was designed for the study. This resulted in 508 @entity0 pregnant with a single @entity0 , whose pregnancy and delivery were examined based on their medical records. Factor analysis and main component analysis with subsequent varimax rotation resulted in factors that were subject to a proof of reliability. Statistical analysis was based on logistic regression. RESULTS: 129 (27.7%) of @entity0 displayed signs/indices of an imminent @entity2 , 29% (5.8%) of whom later actually had a @entity2 before the end of the 37(th) week of pregnancy. Pregnant @entity0 who were in treatment for an imminent @entity2 appear to have been subject to higher social stress as compared to those, who later later actually gave birth before completing the 37(th) week of pregnancy. Lack of a female network and lack of emotional understanding from the partner are correlated to both of these complications. Specifically, @entity2 appears to be significantly influenced by partner relationship. Another significant predicting variable for imminent and @entity2 appears to be a history of gynecological problems. A distinct risk factor for delivery before completion of the 37(th) week of pregnancy was a history of colpitis. In addition, pronounced @entity1 in respect to the pregnancy, and low general @entity1 were significant predicting variables for delivery before completion of the 37(th) week of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Partner relationship, female networks, psychosomatic reactivity in terms of diseases/disorders of the reproductive organs, and @entity1 appear to be worthwhile targets in the prevention of @entity2 .

title: [Biopsychosocial predictors of XXXX and @entity2 ? Results of a prospective study].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of asymptomatic @entity1 diagnosed by venography after hip or knee replacement remains high despite 7 to 10 days of anticoagulant prophylaxis. However, the risk of symptomatic events in such @entity0 is unclear. We performed a meta-analysis to provide reliable estimates of the risk of symptomatic @entity3 occurring within 3 months of hip or knee replacement in @entity0 who received short-duration (7-10 days) anticoagulant prophylaxis. METHODS: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched from January 1993 to March 2001, supplemented by a manual search of bibliographies and conference abstracts, to identify prospective studies of @entity0 undergoing hip or knee replacement who received short-duration prophylaxis (ie, 7-10 days of fixed-dose low-molecular-weight heparin or adjusted-dose @entity4 , with a target international normalized ratio of 2.0-3.0). Studies were classified as clinical outcome studies if the outcome was symptomatic @entity3 or as venographic outcome studies if the outcome was asymptomatic @entity1 diagnosed after bilateral venography. RESULTS: There were 4 clinical outcome studies with 6089 @entity0 who had 3 months of follow-up, and 13 venographic outcome studies with 7080 @entity0 who had venography 7 to 10 days after surgery. In clinical outcome studies, the 3-month incidence of @entity3 was 3.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0%-4.4%), and the 3-month incidence of @entity2 was 0.10% (95% CI, 0.02%-0.20%). The postprophylaxis incidence of @entity3 was 2.2% (95% CI, 1.4%-3.0%), and the incidence of @entity2 was 0.05% (95% CI, 0%-0.12%). The postprophylaxis incidence of symptomatic @entity3 was higher after hip than after knee replacement (2.5% vs 1.4%; P=.02). In venographic outcome studies, the prevalence of @entity1 (total and proximal) was higher after knee than after hip replacement (total: 38.8% vs 16.4%; P<.001; proximal: 7.6% vs 3.8%; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 who undergo hip or knee replacement and receive short-duration anticoagulant prophylaxis, symptomatic @entity3 will occur in about 1 of 32 @entity0 and @entity2 will occur in about 1 of 1000 @entity0 within 3 months of the surgery. Although the prevalence of asymptomatic @entity1 is more than 2-fold higher after knee replacement than after hip replacement 7 to 10 days after surgery, in the subsequent 3 months, symptomatic @entity3 is more likely to occur after hip replacement.

title: Short-duration prophylaxis against XXXX after total hip or knee replacement: a meta-analysis of prospective studies investigating symptomatic outcomes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 (CNS) are often difficult to diagnose, even if consistent conventional laboratory methodologies are used. OBJECTIVES: To clarify the efficiency of two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods for the sensitive detection of enteroviruses and for the identification of enteroviral genotypes based on phylogenetic analysis of the amplified genome sequences, and to facilitate the diagnosis of @entity1 in CNS. STUDY DESIGN: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), throat swab, rectal swab, and/or serum samples were collected from 171 @entity0 with @entity4 and 67 @entity0 with @entity2 . The samples were tested for the presence of enteroviruses by cell culture and PCR methods for the detection and identification of enteroviruses. RESULTS: In 111 (64.9%) of 171 @entity0 with @entity4 , enteroviruses were isolated by cell cultures from any site. In 143 (83.6%) @entity0 , including 110 of 111 @entity0 with @entity4 , the enteroviral genome was detected in CSF by PCR. No enterovirus was isolated from any site for the 67 @entity0 with @entity2 . PCR detected the enteroviral genome in CSF samples from 13 (61.9%) of 21 @entity0 who developed @entity2 in the summer (June-August). Phylogenetic analysis of amplified genome sequences showed that the major pathogens of @entity2 in summer were group A coxsackieviruses, which are usually difficult to isolate by cell culture. CONCLUSION: PCR methods for the detection and identification of enteroviruses were useful for the diagnosis of @entity1 in CNS.

title: Application of polymerase chain reaction and subsequent phylogenetic analysis to the diagnosis of XXXX in the central nervous system.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Psychological problems affecting physically handicapped individuals are understudied. However, some studies suggest a higher risk of developing an elevated level of @entity2 among these individuals. A previous study reported that @entity0 with @entity1 show more @entity2 than @entity0 suffering from another type of physical limitations. These results raise questions about the specificity of the link between @entity2 and some medical conditions. The aim of the present study is to increase our understanding of manifestations of @entity2 associated with @entity3 . Three groups of @entity0 with different physical limitations were compared on their level of @entity2 and on various cognitive process. Groups were composed as: 1) 20 @entity0 suffering from @entity1 , 2) 18 @entity0 diagnosed with another @entity3 (either @entity6 , @entity9 or @entity8 ), and 3) 20 @entity0 presenting a non-degenerative handicap. The 3 groups were not significantly different on age, sex and duration of the physical limitations. Symptoms of @entity2 were measured with 3 questionnaires:1) the Hospital @entity2 and @entity4 Scale, 2) the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, used to assess the tendency to worry, and 3) the Worry Domains Questionnaire, assessing diversity and intensivity of worry themes. In turn, cognitive processes were evaluated with 4 questionnaires: 1) the Acceptance of Disability scale, used to assess the @entity0 's level of acceptance regarding a disability, 2) the Interpretation of Disturbing Thoughts questionnaire, an idiographical measure about the interpretation of thoughts associated with a @entity7 , 3) the Intolerance of Uncertainty scale, presenting beliefs about uncertainty and its consequences, and 4) the Cognitive Avoidance questionnaire, to evaluate the tendency of avoiding disturbing thoughts and images. @entity0 completed all questionnaires alone and the experimenter was available to answer any questions. MANOVAs were used to compare the 3 groups on the studied variables. Statistical analysis revealed no significant differences among groups for symptoms of @entity2 and @entity4 , @entity10 . Similarly, no significant differences were obtained on cognitive processes. The @entity1 group and the other @entity3 group were combined and compared to the non-degenerative handicap group. MANOVAs conducted on symptoms and cognitive processes did not yield any significant differences. Results of the present study seem to indicate that the type of physical limitations is not an indicator of the presence of specific @entity2 or cognitive processes. On an exploratory basis, all @entity0 were compared according to their level of acceptance of disability. Results indicated that a lower level of acceptance was significantly associated with more anxious and @entity4 , excessive worries, and a greater intolerance of uncertainty. It seems that acceptance of disability plays a key role in maintaining @entity5 among @entity0 with a @entity7 . The influence of intolerance of uncertainty on acceptance of disability needs to be further explored.

title: [ XXXX and physical limitation: a complex relation].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study was undertaken to identify management strategies that maximize survival of @entity0 with @entity1 and metachronous brain metastases and to determine whether any apparent improved survival was due to treatment or simply to @entity0 selection. METHODS: Treatment evaluations of both primary @entity2 and brain metastases were performed in 91 @entity0 . Optimal treatment was identified by multivariable analysis. Propensity scoring and multivariable analysis were used to separate treatment benefit from @entity0 selection. RESULTS: Risk-unadjusted median, 12-, and 24-month survivals were 5.2 months, 22%, and 10%, respectively. Younger age (P =.006), good performance status (P =.003), stage IIIA (P =.001), lung resection (P =.02), no other systemic metastases at time of diagnosis of brain metastases (P =.02), and either metastasectomy (P <.001) or stereotactic radiosurgery (P <.001) predicted best survival. However, metastasectomy or stereotactic radiosurgery was more common after lung resection (P =.02) and in @entity0 with good performance status (P =.006), no other systemic metastases at time of diagnosis of brain metastases (P =.01), and fewer brain metastases (P <.001), suggesting that the @entity0 with the best risk profile were selected for aggressive therapy of both lung primary and brain metastases. Despite this selection, analysis of propensity-matched @entity0 demonstrated the benefit of lung resection and metastasectomy or stereotactic radiosurgery (P <.001). CONCLUSIONS: Younger @entity0 with resected stage IIIA @entity2 who have isolated metachronous brain metastases and good performance status do best when treated with metastasectomy or stereotactic radiosurgery. This survival benefit is a brain treatment effect, not the result of selecting the best @entity0 for aggressive therapy.

title: Stage III XXXX and metachronous brain metastases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although @entity4 commonly is added to local anesthetics for regional anesthesia, rarely it may cause undesirable hemodynamic side effects. This study compared the hemodynamic and blockade effects of 25 and 200 microg @entity4 during axillary brachial plexus blockade with @entity5 1.5%. METHODS: Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologist classification I or II @entity0 were divided randomly into 3 groups. @entity0 in group 1 received 5 mL of saline containing 25 microg @entity4 and then 35 mL of 1.5% @entity5 ; @entity0 in group 2 received 5 mL of saline alone and then 200 microg of @entity4 mixed with 35 mL of 1.5% @entity5 ; @entity0 in group 3 received 5 mL of saline alone and then 35 mL of 1.5% @entity5 . Hemodynamic data were measured for 1 to 10 minutes at 1-minute intervals after axillary injection. The duration time of motor and sensory block was recorded. RESULTS: Complete anesthesia was achieved in 85% of @entity0 in groups 1 and 3 and 90% in group 2. Motor block duration was significantly longer in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3 (P <.05). There were no significant differences in analgesia between groups 1 and 2. @entity3 duration was significantly longer in groups 1 and 2 than in group 3 (P <.05). Heart rate from the 3rd to 6th minute was higher in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3 (P <.05). Systolic arterial pressure from the 3rd to 5th minute and diastolic arterial pressure from 2nd to 6th minute were higher in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3 (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose @entity4 offers more stable hemodynamics and similar blockade, and thus may be beneficial for @entity0 undergoing forearm and hand surgery who are at risk for @entity2 and/or @entity1 .

title: Hemodynamic and blockade effects of high/low @entity4 doses during axillary brachial plexus blockade with XXXX 1.5%: A randomized, double-blinded study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although @entity4 commonly is added to local anesthetics for regional anesthesia, rarely it may cause undesirable hemodynamic side effects. This study compared the hemodynamic and blockade effects of 25 and 200 microg @entity4 during axillary brachial plexus blockade with @entity5 1.5%. METHODS: Sixty American Society of Anesthesiologist classification I or II @entity0 were divided randomly into 3 groups. @entity0 in group 1 received 5 mL of saline containing 25 microg @entity4 and then 35 mL of 1.5% @entity5 ; @entity0 in group 2 received 5 mL of saline alone and then 200 microg of @entity4 mixed with 35 mL of 1.5% @entity5 ; @entity0 in group 3 received 5 mL of saline alone and then 35 mL of 1.5% @entity5 . Hemodynamic data were measured for 1 to 10 minutes at 1-minute intervals after axillary injection. The duration time of motor and sensory block was recorded. RESULTS: Complete anesthesia was achieved in 85% of @entity0 in groups 1 and 3 and 90% in group 2. Motor block duration was significantly longer in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3 (P <.05). There were no significant differences in analgesia between groups 1 and 2. @entity3 duration was significantly longer in groups 1 and 2 than in group 3 (P <.05). Heart rate from the 3rd to 6th minute was higher in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3 (P <.05). Systolic arterial pressure from the 3rd to 5th minute and diastolic arterial pressure from 2nd to 6th minute were higher in group 2 than in groups 1 and 3 (P <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Low-dose @entity4 offers more stable hemodynamics and similar blockade, and thus may be beneficial for @entity0 undergoing forearm and hand surgery who are at risk for @entity2 and/or @entity1 .

title: Hemodynamic and blockade effects of high/low XXXX doses during axillary brachial plexus blockade with @entity5 1.5%: A randomized, double-blinded study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity5 accounts for 40% of chronic @entity7 . The part played by surgery seems to be steadily growing if the number of publications dedicated to this approach is any yardstick. The medical treatment remains however the undisputed therapeutic mainstay but trials dedicated to the assessment of its overall efficacy are rather scarce. The aim of this study is focused on the evaluation of a dual modality, topical and systemic, over a follow-up period of three years. A total of 100 subjects were treated according to a standardized therapeutic protocol combining a short-term oral administration of a @entity2 ( @entity3 ) and a daily intranasal spray of an other @entity1 ( @entity6 ). Over the follow-up period of three years, this dual modality proved to be successful in 85% of the subjects; only 15% had to undergo surgery after its failure. The average symptom reduction reached an improvement rate varying from 58 to 80%, according to the symptom type. The daily dosage of @entity3 and @entity6 was progressively decreased while the gain in nasal comfort was being preserved. Management of nasal @entity4 should be primarily medical. Resorting to surgical procedures should not be envisaged before a trial of dual @entity1 therapy under strict compliance to treatment. The single character of this long follow-up and the importance of the series of @entity0 included in the protocol make all the originality of this work which shows for the first time the long-term improvement after medical treatment.

title: [Sino-nasal polyposis. Evaluation of the efficacy of combined local and general corticotherapy in a series of 100 consecutive XXXX with a 3-year follow-up].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Objectives. We compared insulin-like growth factor ( @entity1 ) levels obtained in two groups with different methods of assessing compliance. Burned @entity0 were randomized to receive a daily injection of 0.05-0.1mg/kg per day of recombinant @entity0 growth hormone (rhGH) or placebo. Study design. One hundred twenty-five @entity0 (age range 6 months to 17 years) with total body surface area burns >40% participated in the study. Baseline levels of @entity1 were obtained at hospital discharge, at which time daily injections of rhGH or placebo were initiated. Assessment of @entity1 levels was repeated at 3-month intervals for 1 year. A directly monitored group met daily with research staff that witnessed the preparation and injection of the study drug. A self-reported group completed a Self Reported Compliance Questionnaire (SRCQ) that assessed compliance with drug regimen. A compliance of at least 85% (injections reported administered/maximal total injections possible) was accepted as being compliant. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by a Student Newman-Kuels test, with the results given as means+/-S.E.M. Results. The percent change in @entity1 levels between 6 and 9 months in the self-reported (22.7+/-7.9%) and monitored groups (21.9+/-8.6%) were similar. In contrast, the percent change in @entity1 levels in the placebo group was significantly decreased (-5.6+/-6.3%). Conclusions. Self-reported scores via an SRCQ is a potentially useful and valid method of assessing compliance of rhGH injections, as both reported and directly monitored methods yield similar changes in levels of @entity1 .

title: Comparison of self-reported and monitored compliance of daily injection of XXXX growth hormone in burned @entity0 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Objectives. We compared insulin-like growth factor ( @entity1 ) levels obtained in two groups with different methods of assessing compliance. Burned @entity0 were randomized to receive a daily injection of 0.05-0.1mg/kg per day of recombinant @entity0 growth hormone (rhGH) or placebo. Study design. One hundred twenty-five @entity0 (age range 6 months to 17 years) with total body surface area burns >40% participated in the study. Baseline levels of @entity1 were obtained at hospital discharge, at which time daily injections of rhGH or placebo were initiated. Assessment of @entity1 levels was repeated at 3-month intervals for 1 year. A directly monitored group met daily with research staff that witnessed the preparation and injection of the study drug. A self-reported group completed a Self Reported Compliance Questionnaire (SRCQ) that assessed compliance with drug regimen. A compliance of at least 85% (injections reported administered/maximal total injections possible) was accepted as being compliant. Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA followed by a Student Newman-Kuels test, with the results given as means+/-S.E.M. Results. The percent change in @entity1 levels between 6 and 9 months in the self-reported (22.7+/-7.9%) and monitored groups (21.9+/-8.6%) were similar. In contrast, the percent change in @entity1 levels in the placebo group was significantly decreased (-5.6+/-6.3%). Conclusions. Self-reported scores via an SRCQ is a potentially useful and valid method of assessing compliance of rhGH injections, as both reported and directly monitored methods yield similar changes in levels of @entity1 .

title: Comparison of self-reported and monitored compliance of daily injection of @entity0 growth hormone in burned XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Membranous dressings for the treatment of partial and mixed @entity3 are among the most innovative and promising new developments of the last years. In this study, we present data of a randomised prospective comparative study on a carboxymethylcellulose based dressing, Hydrofibre((R)) and glycerolized @entity0 allograft skin. In a 2 year period, 80 @entity0 (40 for each material) were enrolled in the trial. Study wounds (<10% TBSA) that had not re-epithelialised after 14+/-3 days were debrided and grafted or, if small enough, managed with a topical antimicrobial agent. Mean total TBSA was 8.3+/-5.2%, study burn 3.7+/-2.0% for the Hydrofibre((R)) group and 7.3+/-4.3% total, 3.4+/-2.1% study burn for the allograft skin group (n.s. Wilcoxon rank sum test). No significant differences between groups were established in number of @entity0 with superficial/deep burns. In both groups about 2/3 of the @entity0 healed completely with the dressings applied (24/40 versus 27/40 for Hydrofibre((R)) versus allograft skin, respectively). However, a higher incidence of post-study excision and grafting was found in the Hydrofibre((R)) group (45% versus 15% in the allograft skin group, P=0.004, Mann-Whitney). At 10 weeks follow-up no significant differences were seen in scar colour, pigmentation, pliability, height or itching (Vancouver Scar Scale). Skin elasticity, measured by the Cutometer((R)), was significantly better for the allograft group (P=0.010, Wilcoxon). These differences were no longer found at 6 months and 1 year follow-up. Incidence of @entity2 after 6 months was higher, but not significantly, in the Hydrofibre((R)) compared to the allograft skin group (52.5% versus 30%, P=0.09, chi-square). In view of the results from our comparative study on Hydrofibre((R)) versus allograft skin, we prefer the use of allograft skin for the category of larger burns of @entity1 , usually presented to burn centres. However, for partial thickness and small burns Hydrofibre((R)) can be the first choice in treatment.

title: A randomised clinical trial comparing a hydrocolloid-derived dressing and glycerol preserved allograft skin in the management of partial XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-frequency left-sided repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (HFL-TMS) has been shown to have antidepressant effects in double-blind trials. Low-frequency stimulation to the right prefrontal cortex ( @entity3 -TMS) has also shown promise, although it has not been assessed in treatment-resistant @entity1 and its effects have not been compared with those of HFL-TMS. OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate the efficacy of HFL-TMS and @entity3 -TMS in treatment-resistant @entity1 and compared with a sham-treated control group. DESIGN: A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial. SETTING: Two general psychiatric services. @entity0 : Sixty @entity0 with treatment-resistant @entity1 who had failed to respond to therapy with multiple antidepressant medications were divided into 3 groups of 20 that did not differ in age, sex, or any clinical variables. All @entity0 completed the double-blind phase of the study. INTERVENTIONS: Twenty 5-second HFL-TMS trains at 10 Hz and five 60-second @entity3 -TMS trains at 1 Hz were applied daily. Sham stimulation was applied with the coil angled at 45 degrees from the scalp, resting on the side of one wing of the coil. Main Outcome Measure Score on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. RESULTS: There was a significant difference in response among the 3 groups (F56,2 = 6.2), with a significant difference between the HFL-TMS and sham groups and between the @entity3 -TMS and sham groups (P<.005 for all) but not between the 2 treatment groups. Baseline @entity2 predicted successful response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Both HFL-TMS and @entity3 -TMS have treatment efficacy in @entity0 with medication-resistant major @entity1 . Treatment for at least 4 weeks is necessary for clinically meaningful benefits to be achieved. Treatment with @entity3 -TMS may prove to be an appropriate initial repetitive TMS strategy in @entity1 taking into account safety, tolerability, and efficacy considerations.

title: Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of XXXX : a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The characteristics of @entity0 with acute @entity3 ( @entity3 ) admitted to 37 Chilean hospitals (GEMI Registry Group), have been analyzed in the period 1993-1995 and 1997-1998. AIM: To report the changes in hospital mortality between these 2 periods, with a particular emphasis on the impact of treatment. @entity0 AND METHODS: Between 1993-1995 we collected information from 2,957 @entity0 and between 1997-1998 we registered 1,981 @entity0 with @entity3 . Analysis of the changes in mortality between periods was adjusted by demographic variables, coronary risk factors, @entity3 location, Killip class on admission and the different therapeutic strategies utilized. The effects of different treatments on hospital mortality were adjusted by the previously determined mortality risk variables. RESULTS: Hospital mortality decreased from 13.3% to 10.8% between both periods (Odds Ratio (OR) 0.78, confidence intervals (95%) (CI) 0.65-0.93). A significant reduction in mortality was observed among @entity0 below 60 years of age, in @entity0 , in @entity1 and in subjects with an @entity4 classified as Killip class over II. The use of beta blockers (OR 0.65, CI 0.42-0.99) and intravenous @entity5 (OR 0.78, CI 0.61-0.99) and the lower use of @entity2 channel blockers (OR 0.72, CI 0.60-0.87) were significantly associated with a lower mortality. The administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors was associated with a 29.3% mortality reduction (OR 0.69, CI 0.47-1.02). CONCLUSIONS: There has been a significant reduction in the mortality rate for @entity3 in Chilean hospitals during the 2 registry periods analyzed, which was significant among some high risk @entity0 and was related to treatment changes, according to evidence based guidelines.

title: [Reduction of XXXX mortality in Chilean hospitals].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies from various countries have found an increasing incidence of @entity2 in recent decades. To characterize time trends in the age- and sex-specific incidence of childhood @entity3 during the last 20 years in the Nordic countries, we analyzed a large set of population-based data from the Nordic Society of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology (NOPHO) in their @entity3 database covering a population of approximately 5 million @entity0 aged 0-14 years. METHODS: Temporal trends in @entity3 and @entity1 incidence rates overall and for @entity1 immunophenotypes and for specific age groups were analyzed by Poisson regression adjusting for age, sex, and country. All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS: We identified 1595 @entity0 and 1859 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 between January 1, 1982, and December 31, 2001, and 260 @entity0 and 224 @entity0 diagnosed with de novo @entity3 between January 1, 1985, and December 31, 2001. No statistically significant change was seen in the overall incidence rate for @entity1 during the 20-year study (annual change = 0.22%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.36% to 0.80%). The incidence rate of B-precursor @entity1 remained unchanged (annual change = 0.30%, 95% CI = -0.57% to 1.18%) from January 1, 1986, through December 31, 2001. A somewhat lower incidence in the first years of the study period indicated an early increasing incidence of B-precursor @entity1 that corresponded to a simultaneous decreasing incidence of unclassified @entity1 . Incidences of @entity4 (annual change = 1.55%, 95% CI = -1.14% to 4.31%) and @entity3 (annual change = 0.58%, 95% CI = -1.24% to 2.44%) were stable during the study period. CONCLUSION: Incidences of @entity3 overall, @entity1 overall, and specific @entity1 immunophenotypes have been stable in the Nordic countries over the past two decades.

title: Age- and sex-specific incidence of XXXX by immunophenotype in the Nordic countries.

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of pediatric @entity0 with @entity5 . OBJECTIVES: To identify clinical and radiographic features of diagnostic importance, and to evaluate the effectiveness of surgical treatment with respect to complications in pediatric @entity0 with @entity5 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND: @entity5 in @entity0 are uncommon and present a significant challenge in diagnosis, treatment, and management of complications. Because most signs and symptoms of these @entity1 are musculoskeletal in nature, it is imperative for orthopedic surgeons to be familiar with them. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical charts and radiographic records of 26 pediatric @entity0 with documented @entity5 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: There were 10 malignant and 16 @entity1 . Mean age at diagnosis was 10 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 1:1. Mean clinical follow-up was 25.8 months. The average delay in diagnosis was 10.9 months. The two most common reasons for presentation were @entity3 (n = 20, 76%) and neurologic involvement (n = 14, 54%). Initial plain radiographs were positive in 72% of @entity0 , whereas MRI showed the @entity1 in 96% of studies. Sixteen @entity0 underwent spinal fusion after excision of the @entity1 . There were no perioperative @entity4 . Complications were common, with an average of 1.1 complications per @entity0 . At latest follow-up, six @entity0 had @entity2 , two @entity0 had died, and one @entity0 was terminally ill. CONCLUSION: Increased awareness of modes of presentation, use of modern imaging techniques, and an aggressive approach to spinal stabilization at the time of laminectomy should decrease morbidity in @entity0 with @entity5 .

title: Orthopaedic implications in the management of pediatric XXXX : a retrospective review.

answer: @entity5


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of @entity0 records, clinical and radiographic, and @entity0 recall for full pulmonary function studies and surface topography. OBJECTIVES: Assessment of outcome of treatment policy after age 15 during the previous 30 years to establish the efficacy of management protocols in a group that is too small and too varied for more formal assessment. BACKGROUND DATA: @entity1 presenting during infancy or early childhood poses a clinical problem caused by small numbers, long growth period, variable presentation and treatment methods, and, finally, the length of time that must pass before meaningful outcome results can be assessed. The aims of treatment are to preserve respiratory function and cosmetic appearance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The records of @entity0 with infantile onset, nonsyndromic, and noncongenital @entity3 were reviewed. Thirty two were at least age 15 years at the time of review and 21 of these agreed to attend for full pulmonary function testing (spirometry, lung volumes, gas diffusion) and surface topography, whereas two more had recent spirometry results available in their record. Treatment had been serial casting with Risser jacket, bracing, or surgery. RESULTS: Those whose @entity3 resolved or was stabilized by nonoperative means (N = 6) at an acceptable Cobb angle had normal cosmesis and pulmonary function (mean FEV1 = 98.7%, mean FVC = 96.6%). Those who were managed by casting or bracing and underwent surgery after age 10 (N = 6, mean age at surgery 12.9 y) had variable cosmesis and acceptable pulmonary function (mean FEV1 = 79%, mean FVC = 68.3%). Those whose @entity1 necessitated early surgery (N = 11, mean age at surgery 4.1 y) had recurrence of @entity1 and diminished respiratory function (mean FEV1= 41%, range 14%-72%, mean FVC = 40.8%, range 12%-67%). CONCLUSIONS: Although these are small numbers and treatment methods have changed since the beginning of the series, the results indicate that this condition is not simple to treat and for some @entity0 still has the risk for serious @entity2 . There is, as yet, no evidence that early surgical intervention in this group of @entity0 with @entity3 has altered their prognosis in any meaningful way.

title: Respiratory function and cosmesis at maturity in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity4 or @entity9 induce remissions and prolong life in @entity0 carefully selected for a possibly toxic treatment. However, there is a need for better-tolerated and more effective therapies, especially in @entity0 with co-morbidities and those resistant to systemic immunotherapy. Recent achievements in the treatment of advanced @entity5 highlight potentially significant improvements. RECENT FINDINGS: Cytoreductive surgery or radiation of metastases seems beneficial in well-selected @entity0 , especially as immunotherapy is available. Immune cells within the @entity2 correlate with response and survival, indicating the importance of local immune modulation. Such modulation has allowed the introduction of well-tolerated treatments such as the inhalation of @entity4 to control lung metastases, which results in a significant survival benefit for high-risk @entity0 , as suggested by a recent outcome study in 200 patients. Antibody-based @entity2 targeting against cG250, specifically expressed on @entity5 , seems to stabilize progressive @entity1 and does not induce @entity3 . Vaccination strategies are also well tolerated, but have not yet shown convincing results in @entity6 . Other approaches have not fulfilled expectations. @entity8 has significant @entity7 and its efficacy was not confirmed in recent studies. Stem cell transplantation has significant @entity3 , and cannot yet be recommended, but may have future potential. SUMMARY: Cytokine-based immunotherapy can now be considered standard in the treatment of @entity5 . There is good evidence that additional local procedures such as surgery, radiation or the inhalation of @entity4 improve response and survival in @entity1 with moderate @entity3 , resulting in a significant improvement for @entity0 suitable for these approaches.

title: XXXX : novel treatments for @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: @entity4 or @entity9 induce remissions and prolong life in @entity0 carefully selected for a possibly toxic treatment. However, there is a need for better-tolerated and more effective therapies, especially in @entity0 with co-morbidities and those resistant to systemic immunotherapy. Recent achievements in the treatment of advanced @entity5 highlight potentially significant improvements. RECENT FINDINGS: Cytoreductive surgery or radiation of metastases seems beneficial in well-selected @entity0 , especially as immunotherapy is available. Immune cells within the @entity2 correlate with response and survival, indicating the importance of local immune modulation. Such modulation has allowed the introduction of well-tolerated treatments such as the inhalation of @entity4 to control lung metastases, which results in a significant survival benefit for high-risk @entity0 , as suggested by a recent outcome study in 200 patients. Antibody-based @entity2 targeting against cG250, specifically expressed on @entity5 , seems to stabilize progressive @entity1 and does not induce @entity3 . Vaccination strategies are also well tolerated, but have not yet shown convincing results in @entity6 . Other approaches have not fulfilled expectations. @entity8 has significant @entity7 and its efficacy was not confirmed in recent studies. Stem cell transplantation has significant @entity3 , and cannot yet be recommended, but may have future potential. SUMMARY: Cytokine-based immunotherapy can now be considered standard in the treatment of @entity5 . There is good evidence that additional local procedures such as surgery, radiation or the inhalation of @entity4 improve response and survival in @entity1 with moderate @entity3 , resulting in a significant improvement for @entity0 suitable for these approaches.

title: @entity5 : novel treatments for XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared long-term health-related quality-of-life outcome after randomization to immediate elective repair or imaging surveillance, and in relation to time of elective repair, in @entity0 with small asymptomatic @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was carried out in 16 Veterans Affairs medical centers. Study subjects were @entity0 at good surgical risk, aged 50 to 79 years, with AAAs 4.0 to 5.4 cm in diameter. Interventions included immediate open surgical @entity2 repair or imaging surveillance every 6 months with repair reserved for AAAs that became symptomatic or enlarged to 5.5 cm. Main outcome measures considered were SF-36 health status questionnaire, prevalence of @entity1 , and maximum activity level, which were determined at randomization and at all follow-up visits. RESULTS: Eleven hundred thirty-six @entity0 were randomized and followed up for 3.5 to 8 years (mean, 4.9 years). The two randomized groups did not differ significantly for most SF-36 scales at most times, but the immediate repair group scored higher overall in general health (P <.0001), which was particularly evident in the first 2 years after randomization, and slightly lower in vitality (P <.05). The baseline value of one SF-36 scale, physical functioning, was an independent predictor of mortality. Overall, more @entity0 became @entity1 after randomization to immediate repair compared with surveillance (P <.03), but this difference did not become apparent until more than 1 year after randomization. Maximum activity level did not differ significantly between the two randomized groups, but decline over time was significantly greater in the immediate repair group (P <.02). CONCLUSIONS: For most quality-of-life measures and times there was no difference between randomized groups. Immediate repair resulted in a higher prevalence of @entity1 more than 1 year after randomization, but was also associated with improved perception of general health in the first 2 years.

title: Quality of life, XXXX , and activity level in a randomized trial of immediate repair versus surveillance of small @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared long-term health-related quality-of-life outcome after randomization to immediate elective repair or imaging surveillance, and in relation to time of elective repair, in @entity0 with small asymptomatic @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was carried out in 16 Veterans Affairs medical centers. Study subjects were @entity0 at good surgical risk, aged 50 to 79 years, with AAAs 4.0 to 5.4 cm in diameter. Interventions included immediate open surgical @entity2 repair or imaging surveillance every 6 months with repair reserved for AAAs that became symptomatic or enlarged to 5.5 cm. Main outcome measures considered were SF-36 health status questionnaire, prevalence of @entity1 , and maximum activity level, which were determined at randomization and at all follow-up visits. RESULTS: Eleven hundred thirty-six @entity0 were randomized and followed up for 3.5 to 8 years (mean, 4.9 years). The two randomized groups did not differ significantly for most SF-36 scales at most times, but the immediate repair group scored higher overall in general health (P <.0001), which was particularly evident in the first 2 years after randomization, and slightly lower in vitality (P <.05). The baseline value of one SF-36 scale, physical functioning, was an independent predictor of mortality. Overall, more @entity0 became @entity1 after randomization to immediate repair compared with surveillance (P <.03), but this difference did not become apparent until more than 1 year after randomization. Maximum activity level did not differ significantly between the two randomized groups, but decline over time was significantly greater in the immediate repair group (P <.02). CONCLUSIONS: For most quality-of-life measures and times there was no difference between randomized groups. Immediate repair resulted in a higher prevalence of @entity1 more than 1 year after randomization, but was also associated with improved perception of general health in the first 2 years.

title: Quality of life, @entity1 , and activity level in a randomized trial of immediate repair versus surveillance of small XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although beta blockers are frequently used for the prevention of recurrences of vaso-vagal @entity1 , the prediction of the long-term efficacy of this treatment is difficult. AIM: To assess whether the result of tilt testing with an intravenous beta blocker can predict the long-term efficacy of beta blockade. METHODS: The study group consisted of 62 @entity0 (29 females, mean age 32.8+/-12.3 years and 33 males, mean age 35.9+/-18.2 years) with at least two @entity1 during the six months preceding positive tilt testing. After baseline tilt test, @entity2 in a dose of 0.1 mg/kg body weight was administered intravenously and the tilt test was repeated. Beta blockade was defined effective if the second tilt test was negative (complete efficacy) or the time to @entity1 during tilt testing was increased compared with the baseline tilting (partial efficacy). All @entity0 received chronic @entity2 treatment and were followed for one year or till the recurrence of @entity1 . RESULTS: Intravenous @entity2 prevented (n=33) or delayed (n=18) @entity1 during tilt testing in 51 (82%) @entity0 whereas it was ineffective in the remaining 11 (18%) @entity0 . During 8.6+/-6.7 (range 1-14) months of follow-up, 20 (32%) @entity0 had @entity1 recurrence; 13 (25%) from the group with effective intravenous @entity2 versus 7 (64%) @entity0 in whom intravenous @entity2 did not prevent @entity1 during tilt testing (p<0.015). Analysis of survival without a recurrence of @entity1 revealed a significant relationship between the results of tilt testing with intravenous @entity2 and the efficacy of long-term beta-blocker therapy (p<0.003). There were no significant differences between the predictive value of tilt testing with @entity2 between @entity0 with complete or partial @entity2 efficacy (NS) whereas significant differences between each of these two groups and @entity0 with ineffective intravenous @entity2 were noted (p<0.04 and p<0.002, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 administered intravenously prevents @entity1 during tilt testing in a significant proportion of @entity0 . Both complete or partial efficacy of intravenous @entity2 predict long-term efficacy of chronic beta blocker therapy in @entity0 with vaso-vagal @entity1 .

title: The usefulness of tilt testing with an intravenous beta-blocker in assessing the efficacy of long-term therapy in XXXX with vasovagal syncope.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the study was to radiographically measure the bone density at the peri-implant region after osseointegration and to compare the relative bone density achieved by different surface-treated implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four different types of implant surfaces were compared, using five young-adult male mongrel @entity0 . The first, second, third, and fourth lower premolars were extracted. Ninety days after removal, four 3.75-mm diameter and 10-mm long screw implants (Paragon) were placed with different surface treatments in the lower hemiarches. The @entity0 received two implants each of the following surface treatments: 1) smooth (machined); 2) @entity2 plasma spray: 3) hydroxyapatite coating; and 4) sandblasting with soluble particles. The implants were maintained unloaded for 90 days. After this period, the animals were killed and the hemimandibles were extracted and radiographed. The grey level of the bone adjacent to implants was measured with a specific software tool (line histogram) and the relative bone density was calculated. RESULTS: The four different surface treatments promote different numeric levels of bone density around the dental implants (sandblasting with soluble particles, 52.45 +/- 2.95; @entity2 plasma spray, 53.98 +/- 3.67; machined, 55.78 +/- 3.06, and @entity1 coating, 58.2 +/- 2.71). Therefore, the implants can be ranked in terms of relative bone density from high to low as follows: sandblasting with soluble particles, @entity2 plasma spray, machined, and hydroxyapatite coating. There were no statistically significant differences in bone density among the four groups (P = 0.1130, analysis of variance). CONCLUSION: Surface treatments that add roughness to the implant show numerically higher bone density when compared with machined surfaces. The findings of radiographic density analysis suggest that the soluble blasting media-treated surface provides a greater bone density at the peri-implant region.

title: Radiographic evaluation of dental implants with different surface treatments: an experimental study in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Psychiatric symptoms related to interferon ( @entity9 ) treatment for chronic @entity1 have been a crucial issue in consultation liaison psychiatry. In this report we present a hypothesis regarding the development of @entity2 symptoms. There were marked differences in the incidence of @entity2 symptoms among studies. This may be because @entity2 symptoms are readily overlooked in routine practice in the Department of Internal Medicine, and because @entity9 treatment frequently causes transient @entity5 . It was speculated that @entity2 intervention was required in 10-19% of the @entity0 . We found that among @entity2 symptoms related to @entity9 treatment, @entity5 with @entity2 and @entity3 was commonly observed. In many case reports, @entity7 was noted as a precursory or residual symptom of @entity6 and @entity8 /delusion. We present management guidelines for @entity2 symptoms in @entity9 treatment, and propose that self-assessment scaling should be performed before and during treatment to detect @entity2 symptoms in the early stage, and that @entity0 with suspected symptoms should be promptly referred to the Department of Psychiatry. We introduce an open study of antidepressant treatment for @entity5 related to @entity9 treatment, and recommend aggressive administration of antidepressants. @entity9 treatment should be discontinued in @entity0 with: moderate or severe suicidal ideation or suicide attempt, @entity5 that does not respond to antidepressant treatment, @entity4 state, @entity8 /delusion, or @entity6 .

title: [Psychiatric symptoms related to interferon treatment for chronic XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cholestasis activates nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB), which is involved in both hepatocyte proliferation and apoptosis, depending on the cellular microenvironment. We hypothesized that NFkappaB inhibition would decrease hepatocyte proliferation and potentiate hepatocyte apoptosis in a @entity0 model of @entity6 . AIM: To determine if NFkappaB inhibition concomitantly decreases hepatocyte proliferation and increases apoptosis in @entity7 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Male @entity0 underwent either sham operation or bile-duct ligation (BDL) combined with portal vein injection of vehicle or 6 x 10(9) particles of an adenovirus carrying either the control luciferase or the IkappaB super-repressor (AdIkappaBSR) transgenes. Liver was harvested 3, 5, and 7 days after sham operation or BDL, and immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen and terminal @entity5 nick end-labeling was performed for detection of DNA synthesis and apoptosis, respectively. RESULTS: Increased serum total @entity1 and @entity3 and @entity4 -stained liver sections confirmed @entity2 in BDL animals. Western blot analysis demonstrated IkappaBSR protein expression in AdIkappaBSR-infected animals only. At day 7, NFkappaB inhibition decreased hepatocyte DNA synthesis in BDL @entity0 compared to both adenovirus carrying the control luciferase and vehicle-treated controls. Apoptosis was increased in BDL vehicle-treated animals compared to sham-operation animals, but NFkappaB inhibition did not alter hepatocyte apoptosis in the BDL group. CONCLUSION: In obstructive @entity2 , NFkappaB is required for hepatocyte proliferation, but does not augment apoptosis.

title: NFkappaB inhibition decreases hepatocyte proliferation but does not alter apoptosis in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Dendritic cells (DCs) were adenovirally engineered to constitutively and durably secrete the potent Th1-biasing cytokines interleukin (IL)-12 (AdIL12DC) and/or @entity5 (AdIL18DC) and evaluated for their ability to promote therapeutic antitumor immunity in @entity1 @entity3 models. Injection of either AdIL12DC or AdIL18DC into day 7 CMS4 or MethA @entity0 resulted in @entity0 rejection or slowed @entity0 growth when compared with control cohorts. Importantly, intratumoral injection with DCs engineered to secrete both IL-12 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) resulted in complete and the most acute rejection of any treatment group analyzed. This strategy was also effective in promoting the regression of contralateral, untreated @entity0 . Both @entity4 + and CD8+ T cells were required for @entity0 rejection. CD8+ splenic T cells from @entity1 treated with @entity5 produced the highest levels of @entity2 in response to @entity0 rechallenge in vitro and displayed the broadest repertoire of Tc1-type reactivity to acid-eluted, @entity0 -derived peptides among all treatment cohorts. This apparent enhancement in cross-presentation of @entity0 -associated epitopes in vivo may result from the increased capacity of engineered DCs to kill @entity0 cells, survive @entity0 -induced apoptosis, and present immunogenic MHC/ @entity0 peptide complexes to T cells after intratumoral injection. In support of this hypothesis, cytokine gene-engineered DCs expressed higher levels of MHC and costimulatory molecules, as well as Fas ligand and membrane-bound @entity0 necrosis factor alpha, with the latter markers associated with elevated tumoricidal activity in vitro. Cytokine gene-engineered DCs appeared to have a survival advantage in situ when injected into @entity0 lesions, to be found in approximation with regions of @entity0 apoptosis, and to have the capacity to ingest apoptotic @entity0 bodies. These results support the ability of combined cytokine gene transfer to enhance multiple effector functions mediated by intralesionally injected DCs that may concertedly promote cross-priming and the accelerated immune-mediated rejection of @entity0 .

title: Intratumoral delivery of dendritic cells engineered to secrete both interleukin (IL)-12 and XXXX effectively treats local and distant disease in association with broadly reactive Tc1-type immunity.

answer: @entity5


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Biomechanical study. OBJECTIVES: This paper describes the biomechanical comparison of @entity1 spines instrumented with a wedge alone versus a wedge-rod construct for the fusionless correction of @entity4 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Current techniques for the correction of @entity4 require either anterior or posterior spinal fusion for correction. We propose a technique allowing correction via @entity6 along with fixation using a wedge-rod construct without the requirement of intervertebral segment fusion. METHODS: @entity1 spines were used to test the biomechanical difference between the intact spine, transverse osteotomized spine with wedge-rod reconstruction, and transverse osteotomized spine with wedge alone reconstruction. Unconstrained segments (L1-L5) were first tested under five nondestructive static loading conditions to evaluate the intact stability of the operative motion segments in axial compression (-600 N), @entity2 (+/-5.0 Nm, 150 axial preload), flexion and extension (+/-5.0 Nm), and lateral bending (+/-5.0 Nm). Following the intact analysis, @entity5 in the transverse plane were performed at the L2, L3, and L4 levels. The defects were reconstructed using the Sofamor Danek Wedge Spacer, and stainless steel TSRH one-quarter inch single rod with modified @entity3 HORIZON 6.5-mm diameter vertebral body screws at each level (L2-L4). Standard @entity3 HORIZON 6.5-mm bone screws and staples were used at the superior and inferior ends of the five-level construct. The wedge was on the left side and the rod and screw heads on the right side. After testing the reconstructed specimen, the TSRH rod was removed and the construct retested to evaluate the stability of the wedge alone reconstruction. RESULTS: Construct stiffness was calculated as the peak applied load (N or Nm) divided by the corresponding segmental displacement (mm or degrees) normalized to the intact specimen. Reconstruction static data are expressed as a percentage change from the intact condition. Statistical analysis included descriptives, a one-way analysis of variance, and the Student-Newman-Keuls test for multiple comparisons among the reconstruction groups. Axial compression: under axial compressive loads, the stiffness of the wedge-rod construct was approximately equal to that of the intact group. The stiffness of the wedge alone construct was 56% less than that of the intact group except for extension and left lateral bending. For the other modes of loading ( @entity2 , @entity2 , flexion, extension, right lateral bending, and left lateral bending), the wedge-rod construct was stiffer than that of the intact group. The stiffness of the wedge alone construct was consistently less than that of the intact group. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this biomechanical comparison, the @entity1 spines instrumented with the wedge-rod system for fusionless correction were significantly stiffer as compared to the intact @entity1 spine. The wedges alone were not as stiff as the intact spine. This suggests that the theory of performing transverse osteotomies of vertebral bodies with fixation with wedge-rod construct for 8 to 12 weeks, followed by removal of the rod, could provide adequate fixation and correction of a @entity0 without requiring fusion of motion segments.

title: Preclinical testing of a wedge-rod system for fusionless correction of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Endovascular stent-graft repair has great potential in treatment of @entity6 . This study analyzed a single center's experience with first-generation commercially produced thoracic stent grafts used to treat descending @entity6 . METHODS: Over 58 months 84 @entity0 underwent endovascular stent-graft repair of descending @entity6 ; 22 @entity0 received the Gore TAG stent graft, and 62 @entity0 received the Talent thoracic endovascular stent-graft system. Each @entity0 was enrolled in one of three distinct US Food and Drug Administration trials at Mount Sinai Medical Center in accordance with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, including suitability for open surgery, @entity3 anatomy, and presence of comorbid medical illness. Mean age of this cohort was 71 +/- 12 years. There were 54 @entity0 and 30 @entity0 , and 74 (88%) had three or more comorbid illnesses. Primary technical success was achieved in 76 @entity0 (90%). Mean follow-up was 15 months (range, 0-52 months). RESULTS: Successful @entity3 exclusion was achieved in 69 @entity0 (82%). Major procedure-related or device-related complications occurred in 32 @entity0 (38%). There were six proximal @entity1 (8%), four @entity1 (6%), one intergraft failure (1%), two mechanical device failures (3%), five periprocedural deaths (6%), and five late @entity5 (6%). At 40 months, overall survival was 67% (+/-10%), and freedom from @entity2 or from type I or @entity4 was 74% (+/-10%). CONCLUSION: While promising, this midterm experience with commercially available devices highlights the shortcomings of current stent-graft technology. Three significant advancements are required to fulfill the potential of this important treatment method: a stent graft with a durable proximal and distal fixation device, enhanced engineering to accommodate high @entity6 , and a mechanism to adapt to aortic arch and visceral segment branches to enable treatment of lesions that extend to or include these vessels.

title: Challenges of endovascular tube graft repair of XXXX : midterm follow-up and lessons learned.

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic ligation of perforating veins ( @entity1 [ @entity1 ]) is valuable in treatment of venous @entity2 on the medial aspect of the lower leg. Venous ulcerations on the lateral aspect of the lower leg are less common, but are of equal clinical importance. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Over 4 years we performed @entity1 on the lateral aspect of the lower leg in 13 @entity0 . Preoperative and postoperative duplex scanning of the perforating veins was performed in all @entity0 . RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 53 months (range, 33-81 months). @entity3 was achieved in six @entity0 within 6 months. Ulceration persisted in six @entity0 , and @entity2 recurred in three @entity0 after 17, 29, and 60 months, respectively. Postoperative duplex scans showed persistent insufficient perforating veins in about 25% of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: There is a considerable difference between the results of @entity1 on the medial side of the lower leg and the same procedure on the lateral side. @entity1 on the lateral side of the lower leg, as performed in this small series, does not contribute to @entity2 or recurrence. A considerable number of perforating veins are missed at surgery, resulting in persistent insufficient perforating veins postoperatively. The poor results of this study emphasize the need for adequate anatomic information to improve the surgical outcome.

title: Subfascial endoscopic perforating vein surgery as treatment for lateral perforating vein incompetence and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of @entity4 in a predominantly African American, innercity @entity3 observation unit (CPOU) @entity0 population, and to estimate the percentage of @entity0 eligible for @entity1 -lowering therapy as indicated by the 2001 National @entity1 Education Program guidelines. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design utilizing a convenience sample of @entity0 from a high-volume urban hospital CPOU. @entity0 with @entity3 suspicious of cardiac etiology who had negative initial electrocardiograms and cardiac markers were assigned to the @entity3 protocol. Consenting subjects were screened for @entity4 through capillary blood point-of-care testing with a cutoff of 190 mg/dL. Those who tested positive had four-hour fasting complete lipid profiles performed by the central laboratory. RESULTS: There were 112 @entity0 enrolled in this study (mean age = 51 years; 57% male; and 83% African American). Elevated values on the screening test were obtained on 28 [25%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 16.9 to 33.0] of these @entity0 . These @entity0 were found to have a mean four-hour fasting total @entity1 level of 224 mg/dL, a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level of 138 mg/dL, a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level of 52 mg/dL, and a @entity2 level of 168 mg/dL. Of the @entity0 identified through the screening test, 54% proved eligible for @entity1 -lowering medications and 91.7% of these @entity0 reported an interest in initiating therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, approximately 25% of inner-city CPOU @entity0 are possible candidates for @entity1 -lowering interventions. Benefits of initiating therapy during this potential "teachable moment" in a CPOU should be investigated in a subsequent multicenter randomized trial.

title: Untreated XXXX in an emergency department @entity3 observation unit population.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe the prevalence of @entity4 in a predominantly African American, innercity @entity3 observation unit (CPOU) @entity0 population, and to estimate the percentage of @entity0 eligible for @entity1 -lowering therapy as indicated by the 2001 National @entity1 Education Program guidelines. METHODS: A cross-sectional study design utilizing a convenience sample of @entity0 from a high-volume urban hospital CPOU. @entity0 with @entity3 suspicious of cardiac etiology who had negative initial electrocardiograms and cardiac markers were assigned to the @entity3 protocol. Consenting subjects were screened for @entity4 through capillary blood point-of-care testing with a cutoff of 190 mg/dL. Those who tested positive had four-hour fasting complete lipid profiles performed by the central laboratory. RESULTS: There were 112 @entity0 enrolled in this study (mean age = 51 years; 57% male; and 83% African American). Elevated values on the screening test were obtained on 28 [25%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 16.9 to 33.0] of these @entity0 . These @entity0 were found to have a mean four-hour fasting total @entity1 level of 224 mg/dL, a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level of 138 mg/dL, a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level of 52 mg/dL, and a @entity2 level of 168 mg/dL. Of the @entity0 identified through the screening test, 54% proved eligible for @entity1 -lowering medications and 91.7% of these @entity0 reported an interest in initiating therapy. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, approximately 25% of inner-city CPOU @entity0 are possible candidates for @entity1 -lowering interventions. Benefits of initiating therapy during this potential "teachable moment" in a CPOU should be investigated in a subsequent multicenter randomized trial.

title: Untreated @entity4 in an emergency department XXXX observation unit population.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity0 -reported health status measures have been used as end points in clinical trials, they are rarely used in other settings. Demonstrating that they independently predict mortality and hospitalizations among outpatients with @entity1 could emphasize their clinical value. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study evaluated the prognostic utility of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ), a disease-specific health status measure for @entity0 with @entity2 . @entity0 were enrolled in a prospective cohort study from 6 Veterans Affairs General Internal Medicine Clinics. All @entity0 reporting @entity2 who completed a SAQ and had 1 year of follow-up were analyzed (n=5558). SAQ predictor variables were the physical limitation, @entity3 stability, @entity3 frequency, and quality-of-life scores. The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality, and a secondary outcome was hospitalization for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Lower SAQ scores were associated with increased risks of mortality and @entity4 admissions. Prognostic models controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics demonstrated significant independent mortality risk with lower SAQ physical limitation scores; odds ratios for mild, moderate, and severe limitation were 1.5, 2.0, and 4.0 versus minimal limitation (P<0.001). Odds ratios for mild, moderate, and severe @entity3 frequency were 0.8, 1.2, and 1.6 (P=0.078). The odds ratios for @entity4 admission among those with mild, moderate, and severe @entity3 frequency were 1.4, 2.0, and 2.2, respectively (P=0.016). CONCLUSIONS: SAQ scores are independently associated with 1-year mortality and @entity4 among outpatients with @entity1 and may serve a valuable role in the risk stratification of such @entity0 .

title: Health status predicts long-term outcome in outpatients with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Fas and the @entity0 necrosis factor receptor ( @entity4 regulate the programmed cell death of lymphocytes. The death domain kinase, receptor interacting protein (rip), is recruited to the @entity4 upon receptor activation. In vitro, rip-/- fibroblasts are sensitive to TNF-induced cell death due to an impaired nuclear factor kappaB response. Because rip-/- @entity1 die at birth, we were unable to examine the effects of a targeted rip mutation on lymphocyte survival. To address the contribution of RIP to immune homeostasis, we examined lethally irradiated @entity1 reconstituted with rip-/- hematopoietic precursors. We observed a decrease in rip-/- thymocytes and T cells in both wild-type @entity5 -/- irradiated hosts. In contrast, the B cell and myeloid lineages are unaffected by the absence of rip. Thus, the death domain kinase rip is required for T cell development. Unlike Fas-associated death domain, rip does not regulate T cell proliferation, as rip-/- T cells respond to polyclonal activators. However, @entity2 @entity1 contain few viable @entity3 + and CD8+ thymocytes, and rip-/- thymocytes are sensitive to TNF-induced cell death. Surprisingly, the rip-associated thymocyte apoptosis was not rescued by the absence of @entity4 , but appears to be rescued by an absence of @entity4 . Taken together, this study implicates RIP and @entity4 in thymocyte survival.

title: The death domain kinase RIP protects thymocytes from XXXX necrosis factor receptor type 2-induced cell death.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Our study aims to examine changes in red cell and plasma antioxidant components in relation to age and aortic lesion development in SUS @entity4 during a 12-week period of dietary @entity0 supplementation. One hundred adult SUS males were divided into 5 treatment groups and were fed either a control or a @entity0 -supplemented (0.5% w/w) diet. Birds were sacrificed after 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks on the diets and examined for plaque development and antioxidant components status. "Aging" was associated with increases in the activity of red cell SOD and GPx. Significant correlations among red cell GRd, GPx and SOD activities were found in old but not in younger adult birds. Plasma @entity1 levels increased, while plasma @entity3 level decreased with aging. With birds on the @entity0 diet, plaque score increased with time and regressed significantly but negatively on plasma @entity0 level at the initial stage of atherogenesis. Aortic @entity2 showed a drastic increase in the early stage of atherogenesis but returned to the pretreatment level during the late stage. Conversely, aortic @entity0 showed small increases at the early stages but large increases during the late stage. Red cell antioxidant components showed increases at the early and late stages with a leveling off at the mid stage. Plasma GRd activity decreased while plasma @entity3 level increased (after adjusting for the effect of effect of aging) with @entity0 feeding. We conclude that the increase in plasma @entity1 levels and associations among red blood cell GRd, GPx and SOD activities in "old" birds fed the control diet resembled the situation in the early stages of atherogenesis in the @entity0 -fed birds. This would be consistent with the known permissive effect of aging on the course of atherogenesis. Triglycerides may play a crucial role in atherogenesis during the early phase of lesion development. Early and late phases of lesion development are biochemically distinct, indicating that the process of atherogenesis is a highly dynamic one. The patterns of antioxidant alterations associated with lesion development showed a complex time-dependence.

title: Red cell and plasma antioxidant components and atherosclerosis in XXXX : a time-course study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 is the leading cause of @entity3 in @entity0 and @entity0 in the United States, accounting for 28% of all @entity3 fatalities. More than two thirds of @entity0 present with metastatic disease at the time of presentation. Despite improvements in chemotherapy and combined treatment modalities, the survival rate remains below 15%. However, recent advances in our understanding of the biology of @entity1 and @entity4 have led to the development of novel therapies directed at @entity3 -specific targets. These targets are crucial components in important pathways for cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis. Strategies that interfere with these pathways include monoclonal antibodies directed at growth factors or their receptors, immunotoxins, ligand toxins, antisense molecules, ribozymes, and small-molecule inhibitors. Novel cell surface antigens are being used in vaccines developed to stimulate T-cell-specific immunity. The @entity3 cells also have specific survival requirements in their local environment that are necessary for invasion, angiogenesis, and @entity2 . Many new therapeutic strategies are designed to interfere with these requirements. This article reviews many of these recent developments and new therapeutic possibilities; ideally, in the near future, these developments will be implemented in the treatment of @entity1 @entity0 and in early detection and chemoprevention strategies.

title: Expression of target molecules in XXXX : challenge for a new treatment paradigm.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The @entity1 size is considered as a limitation for laparoscopic adrenalectomy. The aim of this study was to assess diagnostic characteristics, hemodynamic modifications, and outcome of intraperitoneal laparoscopic adrenalectomy according to the size of @entity3 . METHODS: Retrospective study from January 1997 to December 2000. Results were evaluated according to the size of pathologic study (< or > or = 5 cm). RESULTS: Forty two @entity0 underwent laparoscopic adrenalectomy during this period. Among them, 11 (26%) were operated on for @entity3 (6 @entity0 < 5 cm and 5 @entity0 > or = 5 cm). Preoperative systolic @entity2 was 138 mmHg and 178 mmHg respectively (p = 0.01). Urinary @entity5 / @entity4 rate was 1.259 and 0.268 respectively (p = 0.08). Capsular @entity1 effraction rate was 27%. @entity1 size was 37% larger than that estimated by CT scan (24% versus 52%). Mean hospital stay was 10 days and 8 days respectively. Morbidity and mortality were 18% and 0%. All these criteria were not statistically significant among the two groups of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 size > or = 5 cm do not modify outcome of @entity0 but is responsible for preferential noradrenaline secretion and stronger hemodynamic modifications. @entity1 fragmentation rate and CT scan size underestimation seem important in this group of @entity0 . These characteristics have to be integrated to improve laparoscopic adrenalectomy outcome of @entity0 with @entity3 > or = 5 cm.

title: [Does the size of XXXX influence the results of its laparoscopic excision?].

answer: @entity3


abstract: There are conflicting reports on the effect of soy and its components on mammary carcinogenesis in adult female @entity1 , mainly because of different rodent models that are used in chemoprevention studies. The present study was undertaken to compare the @entity0 -preventative effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) and two of its @entity6 in a "standard" model that had been used for the identification of many chemopreventive agents. Six groups of female @entity1 were provided with modified cornstarch AIN-76A diets supplemented as follows: no additional agents (control), purified @entity4 (200 mg/kg diet), purified @entity7 (200 mg/kg diet), @entity4 + @entity7 (100 mg/kg diet each), SPI containing normal levels of @entity6 (SPI-n), or SPI depleted of @entity6 (SPI-d). @entity3 were induced by @entity5 ( @entity2 ) introduced 1 wk after the animals began consuming the experimental diets. At the end of the study (120 days after @entity2 treatment), no significant differences were found among the six groups with respect to @entity0 incidence or survival, nor was there a significant @entity0 multiplicity in the @entity4 or @entity4 + @entity7 group. However, there was a 32% @entity0 multiplicity in the @entity7 and SPI-n groups relative to the control group (P < 0.05). The most effective diet was SPI-d, which produced a 50% @entity0 multiplicity relative to the control (P < 0.01). The difference between the SPI-d group and the @entity7 or SPI-n group was not significant. Median @entity0 latency was increased from 53 days in the control group to 68 days in the @entity7 group and to 72 days in the SPI-d group, but these differences were not statistically significant. These results show that @entity7 and SPI (with normal or low levels of @entity6 ) are effective inhibitors of @entity2 -induced @entity0 in adult @entity1 .

title: Chemopreventive effects of soy protein and purified soy @entity6 on XXXX -induced @entity0 in female @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: There are conflicting reports on the effect of soy and its components on mammary carcinogenesis in adult female @entity1 , mainly because of different rodent models that are used in chemoprevention studies. The present study was undertaken to compare the @entity0 -preventative effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) and two of its @entity6 in a "standard" model that had been used for the identification of many chemopreventive agents. Six groups of female @entity1 were provided with modified cornstarch AIN-76A diets supplemented as follows: no additional agents (control), purified @entity4 (200 mg/kg diet), purified @entity7 (200 mg/kg diet), @entity4 + @entity7 (100 mg/kg diet each), SPI containing normal levels of @entity6 (SPI-n), or SPI depleted of @entity6 (SPI-d). @entity3 were induced by @entity5 ( @entity2 ) introduced 1 wk after the animals began consuming the experimental diets. At the end of the study (120 days after @entity2 treatment), no significant differences were found among the six groups with respect to @entity0 incidence or survival, nor was there a significant @entity0 multiplicity in the @entity4 or @entity4 + @entity7 group. However, there was a 32% @entity0 multiplicity in the @entity7 and SPI-n groups relative to the control group (P < 0.05). The most effective diet was SPI-d, which produced a 50% @entity0 multiplicity relative to the control (P < 0.01). The difference between the SPI-d group and the @entity7 or SPI-n group was not significant. Median @entity0 latency was increased from 53 days in the control group to 68 days in the @entity7 group and to 72 days in the SPI-d group, but these differences were not statistically significant. These results show that @entity7 and SPI (with normal or low levels of @entity6 ) are effective inhibitors of @entity2 -induced @entity0 in adult @entity1 .

title: Chemopreventive effects of soy protein and purified soy XXXX on @entity2 -induced @entity0 in female @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: There are conflicting reports on the effect of soy and its components on mammary carcinogenesis in adult female @entity1 , mainly because of different rodent models that are used in chemoprevention studies. The present study was undertaken to compare the @entity0 -preventative effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) and two of its @entity6 in a "standard" model that had been used for the identification of many chemopreventive agents. Six groups of female @entity1 were provided with modified cornstarch AIN-76A diets supplemented as follows: no additional agents (control), purified @entity4 (200 mg/kg diet), purified @entity7 (200 mg/kg diet), @entity4 + @entity7 (100 mg/kg diet each), SPI containing normal levels of @entity6 (SPI-n), or SPI depleted of @entity6 (SPI-d). @entity3 were induced by @entity5 ( @entity2 ) introduced 1 wk after the animals began consuming the experimental diets. At the end of the study (120 days after @entity2 treatment), no significant differences were found among the six groups with respect to @entity0 incidence or survival, nor was there a significant @entity0 multiplicity in the @entity4 or @entity4 + @entity7 group. However, there was a 32% @entity0 multiplicity in the @entity7 and SPI-n groups relative to the control group (P < 0.05). The most effective diet was SPI-d, which produced a 50% @entity0 multiplicity relative to the control (P < 0.01). The difference between the SPI-d group and the @entity7 or SPI-n group was not significant. Median @entity0 latency was increased from 53 days in the control group to 68 days in the @entity7 group and to 72 days in the SPI-d group, but these differences were not statistically significant. These results show that @entity7 and SPI (with normal or low levels of @entity6 ) are effective inhibitors of @entity2 -induced @entity0 in adult @entity1 .

title: Chemopreventive effects of soy protein and purified soy @entity6 on @entity2 -induced XXXX in female @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: There are conflicting reports on the effect of soy and its components on mammary carcinogenesis in adult female @entity1 , mainly because of different rodent models that are used in chemoprevention studies. The present study was undertaken to compare the @entity0 -preventative effects of soy protein isolate (SPI) and two of its @entity6 in a "standard" model that had been used for the identification of many chemopreventive agents. Six groups of female @entity1 were provided with modified cornstarch AIN-76A diets supplemented as follows: no additional agents (control), purified @entity4 (200 mg/kg diet), purified @entity7 (200 mg/kg diet), @entity4 + @entity7 (100 mg/kg diet each), SPI containing normal levels of @entity6 (SPI-n), or SPI depleted of @entity6 (SPI-d). @entity3 were induced by @entity5 ( @entity2 ) introduced 1 wk after the animals began consuming the experimental diets. At the end of the study (120 days after @entity2 treatment), no significant differences were found among the six groups with respect to @entity0 incidence or survival, nor was there a significant @entity0 multiplicity in the @entity4 or @entity4 + @entity7 group. However, there was a 32% @entity0 multiplicity in the @entity7 and SPI-n groups relative to the control group (P < 0.05). The most effective diet was SPI-d, which produced a 50% @entity0 multiplicity relative to the control (P < 0.01). The difference between the SPI-d group and the @entity7 or SPI-n group was not significant. Median @entity0 latency was increased from 53 days in the control group to 68 days in the @entity7 group and to 72 days in the SPI-d group, but these differences were not statistically significant. These results show that @entity7 and SPI (with normal or low levels of @entity6 ) are effective inhibitors of @entity2 -induced @entity0 in adult @entity1 .

title: Chemopreventive effects of soy protein and purified soy @entity6 on @entity2 -induced @entity0 in female XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The goal of this study was to develop a molasses- @entity1 block (MUB) for purposes of supplementing trace minerals to domestic ruminant livestock in Oman. To accomplish this, the utility of molasses and date syrup as fermentable energy sources, of straw, date flakes and @entity5 bran as fibre sources, and of cement and lime as binders were evaluated. The proportion of cement needed for adequate hardening of the block was also studied. Molasses- and date syrup-based blocks hardened equally well. However, the higher cost of date syrup precluded its use. @entity5 straw yielded a low-density block that hardened slowly. Date fibre retained moisture and hardened @entity4 slowly. @entity5 bran-based blocks hardened quickly and yielded dense blocks. Hence, @entity5 bran was judged to be the superior source of fibre. Lime did not effectively bind the blocks. A cement content of 15% allowed hardening of the blocks within 2-3 weeks. A level of 10% cement in the block reduced the hardening rate by about 50%. @entity0 and @entity3 consumed both the straw- and @entity5 bran-based blocks but at different rates. Consumption of the straw-based block by @entity0 ranged from 50 to 179 g/head per day, whereas the denser @entity5 bran-based block was consumed at a rate of 8-20 g/head per day. Consumption of the straw-based block by @entity3 was low (8 g/head per day) compared to that of @entity5 bran-based blocks (16-24 g/head per day). On the basis of the intake of the bran-based block by @entity0 , a block was designed that would provide approximately 50% of an animal's trace mineral requirements per day. This block consisted of 45% molasses, 10% @entity1 , 5% trace minerals, 2.5% @entity2 , 22.5% @entity5 bran and 15% cement. @entity0 consuming this block gained more weight than @entity0 fed a conventional mineral block or @entity0 receiving no mineral supplementation. MUBs are inexpensive (9.5 US cents/kg). We conclude that MUBs have utility for providing trace elements in ruminant diets.

title: Assessment of molasses- @entity1 blocks for XXXX and @entity0 production in the Sultanate of Oman: intake and growth studies.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The goal of this study was to develop a molasses- @entity1 block (MUB) for purposes of supplementing trace minerals to domestic ruminant livestock in Oman. To accomplish this, the utility of molasses and date syrup as fermentable energy sources, of straw, date flakes and @entity5 bran as fibre sources, and of cement and lime as binders were evaluated. The proportion of cement needed for adequate hardening of the block was also studied. Molasses- and date syrup-based blocks hardened equally well. However, the higher cost of date syrup precluded its use. @entity5 straw yielded a low-density block that hardened slowly. Date fibre retained moisture and hardened @entity4 slowly. @entity5 bran-based blocks hardened quickly and yielded dense blocks. Hence, @entity5 bran was judged to be the superior source of fibre. Lime did not effectively bind the blocks. A cement content of 15% allowed hardening of the blocks within 2-3 weeks. A level of 10% cement in the block reduced the hardening rate by about 50%. @entity0 and @entity3 consumed both the straw- and @entity5 bran-based blocks but at different rates. Consumption of the straw-based block by @entity0 ranged from 50 to 179 g/head per day, whereas the denser @entity5 bran-based block was consumed at a rate of 8-20 g/head per day. Consumption of the straw-based block by @entity3 was low (8 g/head per day) compared to that of @entity5 bran-based blocks (16-24 g/head per day). On the basis of the intake of the bran-based block by @entity0 , a block was designed that would provide approximately 50% of an animal's trace mineral requirements per day. This block consisted of 45% molasses, 10% @entity1 , 5% trace minerals, 2.5% @entity2 , 22.5% @entity5 bran and 15% cement. @entity0 consuming this block gained more weight than @entity0 fed a conventional mineral block or @entity0 receiving no mineral supplementation. MUBs are inexpensive (9.5 US cents/kg). We conclude that MUBs have utility for providing trace elements in ruminant diets.

title: Assessment of molasses- XXXX blocks for @entity3 and @entity0 production in the Sultanate of Oman: intake and growth studies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The goal of this study was to develop a molasses- @entity1 block (MUB) for purposes of supplementing trace minerals to domestic ruminant livestock in Oman. To accomplish this, the utility of molasses and date syrup as fermentable energy sources, of straw, date flakes and @entity5 bran as fibre sources, and of cement and lime as binders were evaluated. The proportion of cement needed for adequate hardening of the block was also studied. Molasses- and date syrup-based blocks hardened equally well. However, the higher cost of date syrup precluded its use. @entity5 straw yielded a low-density block that hardened slowly. Date fibre retained moisture and hardened @entity4 slowly. @entity5 bran-based blocks hardened quickly and yielded dense blocks. Hence, @entity5 bran was judged to be the superior source of fibre. Lime did not effectively bind the blocks. A cement content of 15% allowed hardening of the blocks within 2-3 weeks. A level of 10% cement in the block reduced the hardening rate by about 50%. @entity0 and @entity3 consumed both the straw- and @entity5 bran-based blocks but at different rates. Consumption of the straw-based block by @entity0 ranged from 50 to 179 g/head per day, whereas the denser @entity5 bran-based block was consumed at a rate of 8-20 g/head per day. Consumption of the straw-based block by @entity3 was low (8 g/head per day) compared to that of @entity5 bran-based blocks (16-24 g/head per day). On the basis of the intake of the bran-based block by @entity0 , a block was designed that would provide approximately 50% of an animal's trace mineral requirements per day. This block consisted of 45% molasses, 10% @entity1 , 5% trace minerals, 2.5% @entity2 , 22.5% @entity5 bran and 15% cement. @entity0 consuming this block gained more weight than @entity0 fed a conventional mineral block or @entity0 receiving no mineral supplementation. MUBs are inexpensive (9.5 US cents/kg). We conclude that MUBs have utility for providing trace elements in ruminant diets.

title: Assessment of molasses- @entity1 blocks for @entity3 and XXXX production in the Sultanate of Oman: intake and growth studies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate what kind of changes spouse caregivers of demented @entity0 experience after the onset of @entity2 (a) in the general atmosphere, happiness, and relations of marriage and (b) in the sexual side of marriage. DESIGN: Semistructured telephone interviews of spouse caregivers of demented @entity0 . SETTING: Community-living demented @entity0 and their spouse caregivers in eastern Finland. @entity0 : The spouse caregivers of 42 demented @entity0 recruited from a previous intervention study. MEASURES: The questionnaire covered different areas of marriage from the time before and after the onset of @entity2 . RESULTS: A statistically significant decline had occurred in extent of happiness (p = .012), in equal relations (p = .001), and in @entity0 ' expressions of sexual needs (p < .001) when compared the time before and after @entity2 . Twenty-five (60%) of the caregivers reported that the demented @entity0 had shown at least one negative sexual behavioral change during the course of @entity2 . Seven male @entity0 (24%) had shown the behavioral symptom of constantly expressing need for making love. One in 10 caregivers had experienced positive sexual behavioral changes. In one third of the @entity0 , the expressions of tenderness towards the caregiver had increased. @entity2 did not affect significantly the general atmosphere of the marriage. Out of those still in home care, at 3 years from the onset of @entity2 , 19 couples (46%) continued to practice intercourse, at 5 years the number was 15 couples (41%), and at 7 years it had declined to 7 couples (28%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 has a major negative impact on many dimensions of marriage. However, there are also positive changes and preserved aspects of marriage. @entity2 seems to have a surprisingly little impact on whether the couple continues to have intercourse when compared with the general aging population.

title: Spouse caregivers' perceptions of influence of XXXX on marriage.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Post-transplant protocols for @entity2 ( @entity1 ) prophylaxis using high-dose intravenous @entity2 immune globulin (10,000 IU) with or without @entity3 are commonly reported. Our centre has previously reported a low-dose intramuscular (i.m.) protocol and @entity3 with excellent results. There have been, however, no pharmacokinetic studies of i.m. @entity2 immune globulin (HBIG) in this setting. The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic profile of i.m. HBIG in long-term post-liver-transplant recipients to determine a rational dosing protocol. Six stable liver transplant recipients receiving monthly i.m. HBIG injections for greater than one year were enrolled in this study. All @entity0 had no detectable @entity1 DNA levels. HBIG titers (anti-HBs) were measured predose, then three times weekly for four weeks and then twice weekly until the serum HBIG titers were 100 IU/L or less. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using noncompartment methods. The mean time to maximum concentration was 10.5 d (range 4-20 d) and the mean half-life was 20 d (range 13.5-23.5 d). Based on these pharmacokinetic parameters in stable long-term post-transplant @entity0 , a rational dosing protocol was developed that allows for more appropriate utility of HBIG and improved @entity0 convenience.

title: A study of the pharmacokinetic profile of low-dose XXXX immune globulin in long-term liver transplant recipients for chronic @entity2 .

answer: @entity2