abstract: INTRODUCTION: In a recent randomized controlled trial our group has demonstrated in 102 @entity0 that late post-conditioning with @entity4 performed in the intensive care unit after surgery involving extracorporeal circulation reduced damage to cardiomyocytes exposed to @entity1 reperfusion injury. On the first post-operative day the @entity4 @entity0 presented with lower troponin T values when compared with those undergoing @entity3 sedation. In order to assess possible clinical relevant long-term implications in @entity0 enrolled in this study, we performed the current retrospective analysis focusing on cardiac and non- @entity2 during the first 6 months after surgery. METHODS: All @entity0 who had successfully completed the late post-conditioning trial were included into this follow-up. Our primary and secondary endpoints were the proportion of @entity0 experiencing cardiac and non- @entity2 , respectively. Additionally, we were interested in assessing therapeutic interventions such as initiation or change of drug therapy, interventional treatment or surgery. RESULTS: Of 102 @entity0 analyzed in the primary study 94 could be included in this follow-up. In the @entity4 group (with 41 @entity0 ) 16 (39%) experienced one or several @entity2 within 6 months after cardiac surgery, in the @entity3 group (with 53 @entity0 ) 19 (36%, p=0.75). Four @entity0 (9%) with @entity4 vs. 7 (13%) with @entity3 sedation had non- @entity2 (p=0.61). While a similar percentage of @entity0 suffered from @entity2 , only 12 @entity0 in the @entity4 group compared to 20 @entity3 @entity0 needed a therapeutic intervention (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.04-1.43, p=0.12). A similar result was found for hospital admissions: 2 @entity0 in the @entity4 group had to be re-admitted to the hospital compared to 8 in the @entity3 group (OR 0.23, 95% CI: 0.04-1.29, p=0.10). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 does not seem to provide protection with regard to the occurrence of cardiac and non- @entity2 in the 6-month period following cardiac surgery with the use of extracorporeal circulation. However, there was a clear trend towards fewer interventions (less need for treatment, fewer hospital admissions) associated with @entity4 post-conditioning in @entity0 experiencing any event. Such results might encourage launching large multicenter post-conditioning trials with clinical outcome defined as primary endpoint.

title: Late Post-Conditioning with XXXX after Cardiac Surgery--Are Surrogate Markers Associated with Clinical Outcome?

answer: @entity4


abstract: We evaluated the use of @entity4 as sole anesthetic agent for open liver biopsy, with particular reference to its effect on liver function and hepatotoxicity and its effect on cardiovascular stability and respiration. From 386 @entity0 who underwent liver biopsy at Jordan University Hospital, 12 had open liver biopsy because of contra-indications for closed needle biopsy. The surgical procedure consisted of a small right paramedian incision allowing inspection of the liver surface and a wedge and needle biopsy. @entity5 was used in a dose of 2 mg/kg I.V. with supplemental doses as necessary. No significant fluctuations in cardio-respiratory vital signs were observed. @entity3 and respiratory tagging movements necessitated addition of a muscle relaxant and artificial ventilation in three @entity0 . Six @entity0 reported dreams, two of which were described as nightmares. There was no liver function decompensation, or significant @entity2 or transaminase elevations in the week following the biopsy. @entity4 is a safe anesthetic to use for open liver biopsy in @entity0 with underlying @entity1 , although poor muscle relaxation and nightmares may be significant side effects.

title: XXXX as sole anesthetic for open liver biopsy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Polymorphonuclear neutrophils are important effectors of @entity0 . Many inflammatory diseases are self-limiting, raising the possibility that compounds are generated in vivo during the course of @entity0 that inhibit neutrophil recruitment and tissue destruction. Lipoxins, a more recent addition to the families of bioactive @entity4 , are potential candidates in this regard. Lipoxins are generated via pathways that initially involve the dual lipoxygenation of @entity3 and are potent inhibitors of several neutrophil trafficking events in vitro. Here, we present evidence that lipoxin A4 is generated in @entity1 kidneys during experimental immune complex-mediated @entity2 in vivo. Renal lipoxin A4 levels were markedly reduced by prior depletion of animals of either neutrophils or platelets, suggesting that most lipoxin A4 generated in vivo was derived from transcellular biosynthetic pathways during platelet-neutrophil interactions. Electron microscopic examination of glomerulonephritic kidneys revealed areas of intimate contact between neutrophils and platelets within the lumen of glomerular capillaries. P-selectin on platelets is an important mediator of platelet-neutrophil adhesion in vitro and in vivo. Prior treatment of animals with a blocking monoclonal antibody (mAb) against P-selectin (mAb @entity5 ), but not an isotype-matched non-blocking control mAb (mAb PNB1.6), caused striking inhibition of lipoxin A4 generation without attenuating neutrophil recruitment. Anti-P-selectin mAb also blunted transcellular lipoxin A4 generation during coincubations of activated neutrophils and platelets in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Transcellular biosynthesis of lipoxin A4 during adhesion of platelets and neutrophils in experimental immune complex XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Integrins have been shown to play a role in directing and maintaining cell differentiation and polarization. The embryonic lens provides a good system in which to examine their role in epithelial cell differentiation, because all stages of lens development are represented in an individual embryonic lens. Therefore, we examined the expression and distribution of @entity1 heterodimers in both the lens epithelium and the differentiated lens fiber cells. In lens epithelial cells @entity1 was found to be localized to all membrane surfaces. Lens fiber cells contained @entity1 all along their lateral borders as well as at the site of their attachment to the lens capsule and at their interface with lens epithelial cells. The distribution of @entity1 in the lens was distinct from that observed in simple epithelia, the @entity0 ( @entity0 ), kidney, and intestine, where it was limited to a basal lateral localization. We examined the specific @entity1 heterodimers expressed in the lens by Western blot analysis for the integrin alpha subunits following @entity3 immunoprecipitation and compared them with those expressed in @entity0 cells. In the lens we detected alpha 3 and alpha 6 subunits but not @entity2 , alpha 5, or alpha v. When the lens was separated into epithelial and fiber cells, we found that alpha 3 was expressed at a higher level in the epithelial cells, while alpha 6 was primarily associated with the fiber cells. In the @entity0 the primary @entity1 detected was alpha 3. Unlike in lens and kidney, alpha 6 @entity3 integrin in @entity0 cells was expressed only at a low level. alpha v was also expressed in @entity0 cells but not as a @entity3 heterodimer. As in the lens, neither alpha 5 @entity3 nor @entity2 @entity3 integrin was detected in @entity0 . Both lens and @entity0 cells express a specific subset of @entity1 heterodimers which are likely to be important to the initiation and maintenance of their differentiated phenotype.

title: XXXX integrins in epithelial tissues: a unique distribution in the lens.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ), the most common primary @entity3 , are highly aggressive and heterogeneous, and remain a dramatic therapeutic challenge. Markers mirroring the complex molecular profile of @entity4 that are predictive of @entity0 outcomes are needed to define novel multi-targeted treatment strategies. Resistance to current @entity2 therapies is partly due to a subpopulation of stem-like and other self-renewing cells (hereafter called glioma stem-like @entity1 cells, GSCC), which are therefore of key interest as therapeutic entry points. Wnt and Hedgehog are among the main pathways involved in GSCC renewal. @entity7 and @entity8 are markers of Wnt and Hedgehog activation respectively and both pathways are known to be altered in @entity2 . To date, there are no investigations of @entity8 protein expression in @entity2 tissue, and recently a high expression of @entity7 has been found to have a poor prognostic impact in @entity2 @entity0 in a study. We have therefore quantified the positivity for @entity7 , @entity8 , as well as Ki-67, @entity6 , and @entity5 proteins on immunohistochemically-stained @entity2 sections from 106 @entity0 in an investigation for potential predictive biomarkers. Correlation between these markers and survival was evaluated by pair-wise Pearson correlation coefficient and by bi-dimensional hierarchical clustering, followed by survival estimations using linear regression models and classification trees. We demonstrated that both @entity7 and, for the first time, @entity8 proteins are highly predictive markers of short survival, being found in 75 and 90% of the highly predictive trees, respectively, whereas Ki-67, @entity6 and @entity5 were under 30% and thus, not considered as predictive. Our results indicate a role of @entity7 and @entity8 in @entity2 malignant behaviour, and suggest that inhibiting members of Wnt and Hedgehog pathways could be a valuable therapeutic strategy for @entity2 @entity0 .

title: XXXX and @entity8 are prognostic markers in @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ), the most common primary @entity3 , are highly aggressive and heterogeneous, and remain a dramatic therapeutic challenge. Markers mirroring the complex molecular profile of @entity4 that are predictive of @entity0 outcomes are needed to define novel multi-targeted treatment strategies. Resistance to current @entity2 therapies is partly due to a subpopulation of stem-like and other self-renewing cells (hereafter called glioma stem-like @entity1 cells, GSCC), which are therefore of key interest as therapeutic entry points. Wnt and Hedgehog are among the main pathways involved in GSCC renewal. @entity7 and @entity8 are markers of Wnt and Hedgehog activation respectively and both pathways are known to be altered in @entity2 . To date, there are no investigations of @entity8 protein expression in @entity2 tissue, and recently a high expression of @entity7 has been found to have a poor prognostic impact in @entity2 @entity0 in a study. We have therefore quantified the positivity for @entity7 , @entity8 , as well as Ki-67, @entity6 , and @entity5 proteins on immunohistochemically-stained @entity2 sections from 106 @entity0 in an investigation for potential predictive biomarkers. Correlation between these markers and survival was evaluated by pair-wise Pearson correlation coefficient and by bi-dimensional hierarchical clustering, followed by survival estimations using linear regression models and classification trees. We demonstrated that both @entity7 and, for the first time, @entity8 proteins are highly predictive markers of short survival, being found in 75 and 90% of the highly predictive trees, respectively, whereas Ki-67, @entity6 and @entity5 were under 30% and thus, not considered as predictive. Our results indicate a role of @entity7 and @entity8 in @entity2 malignant behaviour, and suggest that inhibiting members of Wnt and Hedgehog pathways could be a valuable therapeutic strategy for @entity2 @entity0 .

title: @entity7 and XXXX are prognostic markers in @entity4 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ), the most common primary @entity3 , are highly aggressive and heterogeneous, and remain a dramatic therapeutic challenge. Markers mirroring the complex molecular profile of @entity4 that are predictive of @entity0 outcomes are needed to define novel multi-targeted treatment strategies. Resistance to current @entity2 therapies is partly due to a subpopulation of stem-like and other self-renewing cells (hereafter called glioma stem-like @entity1 cells, GSCC), which are therefore of key interest as therapeutic entry points. Wnt and Hedgehog are among the main pathways involved in GSCC renewal. @entity7 and @entity8 are markers of Wnt and Hedgehog activation respectively and both pathways are known to be altered in @entity2 . To date, there are no investigations of @entity8 protein expression in @entity2 tissue, and recently a high expression of @entity7 has been found to have a poor prognostic impact in @entity2 @entity0 in a study. We have therefore quantified the positivity for @entity7 , @entity8 , as well as Ki-67, @entity6 , and @entity5 proteins on immunohistochemically-stained @entity2 sections from 106 @entity0 in an investigation for potential predictive biomarkers. Correlation between these markers and survival was evaluated by pair-wise Pearson correlation coefficient and by bi-dimensional hierarchical clustering, followed by survival estimations using linear regression models and classification trees. We demonstrated that both @entity7 and, for the first time, @entity8 proteins are highly predictive markers of short survival, being found in 75 and 90% of the highly predictive trees, respectively, whereas Ki-67, @entity6 and @entity5 were under 30% and thus, not considered as predictive. Our results indicate a role of @entity7 and @entity8 in @entity2 malignant behaviour, and suggest that inhibiting members of Wnt and Hedgehog pathways could be a valuable therapeutic strategy for @entity2 @entity0 .

title: @entity7 and @entity8 are prognostic markers in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine whether abnormalities in small intramyocardial vessels could be detected on routine cardiac transplant biopsy specimens and whether these features correlate with intimal thickening by intracoronary ultrasound and @entity4 in large epicardial vessels. BACKGROUND: Variability in clinical presentation of allograft vasculopathy suggests differential involvement of large and small vessels. Intracoronary ultrasound and endothelial function studies detect large-vessel abnormalities but may not reflect changes in small intramyocardial arteries. The latter could be detected in routine cardiac biopsy specimens by histologic and immunohistochemical studies. METHODS: Thirty-nine cardiac transplant recipients underwent intracoronary ultrasound and @entity6 studies 5 to 7 days after endomyocardial biopsy. Biopsy tissue was evaluated for coronary artery endothelial plumping and intimal thickening and increased immunostaining for fibronectin, @entity1 @entity2 factor-alpha and receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility. @entity3 was assessed by calculating an average intimal index from intracoronary ultrasound of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Endothelial function was determined by quantitative coronary analysis after @entity6 challenge. RESULTS: Coronary arteries were found in the biopsy tissue of 30 (76%) of the 39 @entity0 who formed the study group. Fourteen of 30 @entity0 had abnormal histologic findings. Immunohistochemical analysis for fibronectin, possible in 20 of 30 @entity0 , was positive in 14 (70%) of 20 and correlated with abnormal histologic findings (p = 0.01). Immunostaining was positive for @entity1 @entity2 factor-alpha and receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility in 12 (40%) and 13 (43%) of 30 @entity0 , respectively. All @entity0 had intimal thickening by intracoronary ultrasound, but intimal index did not correlate significantly with @entity5 by histologic or immunohistochemical analysis. @entity4 in 13 @entity0 (43%) did not correlate with either abnormal ultrasound findings or @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: Intramyocardial arteries are readily observed in biopsy specimens from cardiac transplant recipients and provide useful information about allograft vasculopathy. Lack of correlation between @entity3 suggests discordant progression of allograft vasculopathy.

title: Abnormalities in intramyocardial arteries detected in cardiac transplant biopsy specimens and lack of correlation with abnormal intracoronary ultrasound or XXXX in large epicardial coronary arteries.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We carried out a systematic review in order to determine the connection between lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to @entity3 and @entity2 with its components. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Review and Web of Science from their inception until January 2015 to identify all eligible studies on the effect of @entity2 (or component factors) on the presence or severity of lower urinary tract symptoms/ @entity3 in @entity0 . This analysis was carried out according to the STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology guidelines. In total, 19 studies were identified as eligible for this systematic review. The quality assessment score was >= 50% in more than half of the studies (11/19). The evidence synthesis showed a positive association between @entity2 , number of components and lower urinary tract symptoms/ @entity3 . In particular, the major endocrine aberrations of this connection are central @entity1 and @entity4 . The links between insulin resistance and lower urinary tract symptoms/ @entity3 should be better investigated. Ethnic disparities in all examined studies showed a different impact of @entity2 on lower urinary tract symptoms/ @entity3 severity and such influence still remain unclear. The relationship between @entity2 and lower urinary tract symptoms/ @entity3 open the way for introducing physical activity and diet as recognized first-line interventions for treating lower urinary tract symptoms. However, this connection should be investigated in two different ethnic cohorts (i.e. Asian vs Caucasian) in order to better understand the impact of ethnic disparities on @entity2 and lower urinary tract symptoms/ @entity3 severity.

title: Emerging links between non-neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction, XXXX and its components: A systematic review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Supplmental @entity1 is routinely given via nasal cannula (NC) to @entity0 undergoing moderate sedation for endoscopy. Some @entity0 complain of profuse @entity7 and   or sneezing after the procedure, which results in additional medical costs and @entity0 dissatisfaction. OBJECTIVES: To determine the causal relationship between the route of @entity1 delivery and troublesome nasal symptoms, and to seek possible solutions. METHODS: @entity0 (n=836) were randomly assigned to one of the three following groups: the NC group (n=294), the trimmed NC (TNC) group (n=268) and the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) group (n=274). All received @entity3 12.5  g   kg and @entity4 0.06 mg   kg, and adjunct @entity5 for sedation. Supplemental @entity1 at a flow rate of 4 L   min was used in the NC and TNC groups, and 6 L   min in the @entity8 group. The incidence of nasal symptoms and @entity2 were assessed. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity6 symptoms was significantly higher in the NC group (7.1%) than in the TNC (0.4%) and @entity8 (0%) groups (P<0.001). The incidence of @entity2 was lower in the NC group (3.1%) (P=0.040). All @entity2 events were transient (ie, less than 30 s in duration). On spirometry, the mean value of the lowest saturation of peripheral @entity1 was found to be significantly lower in the @entity8 group (96.8%) than in the NC group (97.7%) (P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Trimming the NC or using NMs reduced the incidence of @entity6 symptoms; however, the incidence of @entity2 was higher. Further investigation regarding the efficiency of @entity1 supplementation is warranted in the design of novel @entity1 delivery devices.

title: A simple, innovative way to reduce XXXX symptoms after sedation during endoscopy.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity9 ( @entity9 ) is a major cause of chronic @entity6 worldwide and can lead to @entity7 , @entity7 , @entity2 , @entity2 and @entity4 . The primary effective treatment for @entity0 with @entity9 is total @entity5 abstinence, although sometimes impossible, liver transplant (LT) is the gold standard treatment for end-stage @entity9 , which represents the second most common diagnosis among @entity0 undergoing this procedure. Liver transplant in @entity9 has better results than those for other etiologies. The @entity5 consumption recidivism after LT is frequent and 10% to 15% of these resume heavy drinking with consequences to the new liver. The "6-month rule" of abstinence is an arbitrary threshold used in many transplant centers and has never been shown to affect survival after LT. The optimal abstinence period in pre-transplant remains unclear. The @entity0 in the pre- and post-transplant period need evaluation of a multidisciplinary team, as psychiatrist, addiction specialists, including counselling and attendance to support groups. The impact of @entity5 relapse on post-transplant outcomes is not entirely clear but is worse with continuing heavy drinking, with poorer survival beyond the fifth post-transplant year malignancy and @entity1 and not recurrent @entity8 . @entity3 , in careful selected cases, should be transplanted and have comparable survival outcomes. Prevention of alcoholic recidivism has proved to be the most important treatment after liver transplantation.

title: Management of XXXX recurrence before and after liver transplantation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Employees with a chronic physical condition may be hampered in job performance due to physical or cognitive limitations, @entity2 , fatigue, psychosocial barriers, or because medical treatment interferes with work. This study investigates the effect of a group-training program aimed at job maintenance. Essential elements of the program are exploration of work-related problems, communication at the workplace, and the development and implementation of solutions. METHODS: @entity0 with chronic physical diseases were randomly assigned to the intervention (N=64) or the control group (N=58). @entity0 were eligible for the study if they had a chronic physical disease, paid employment, experienced work-related problems, and were not on long-term 100% sick leave. Primary outcome measures were self-efficacy in solving work- and disease-related problems (14-70), job dissatisfaction (0-100), fatigue (20-140) and job maintenance measured at 4-, 8-, 12- and 24-month follow-up. We used GLM repeated measures for the analysis. RESULTS: After 24 months, loss to follow-up was 5.7% (7/122). Self-efficacy increased and fatigue decreased significantly more in the experimental than the control group [10 versus 4 points (P=0.000) and 19 versus 8 points (P=0.032), respectively]. Job satisfaction increased more in the experimental group but not significantly [6 versus 0 points (P=0.698)]. Job maintenance was 87% in the experimental and 91% in the control group, which was not a significant difference. Many @entity0 in the control group also undertook actions to solve work-related problems. CONCLUSIONS: Empowerment training increases self-efficacy and helps to @entity3 , which in the long term could lead to more job maintenance. Better understanding of ways to deal with work-related problems is needed to develop more efficient support for employees with a @entity1 .

title: Effect of job maintenance training program for employees with XXXX - a randomized controlled trial on self-efficacy, job satisfaction, and fatigue.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 leads to changes in the proximal axon. @entity1 in @entity0 were investigated to characterize such electrophysiological changes. Mixed nerve conduction studies (MNCS) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were performed proximal to the injury. Control values were obtained from the uninjured limb. Median (n = 24) and ulnar (n = 35) nerve injuries were studied. The injured nerves had significant mixed nerve action potential (MNAP) amplitude reductions (median: P < 0.0001; ulnar: P < 0.0001). The majority of the MNAP amplitude reductions were severe and early. There was slowing in the mixed nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) (median: P = 0.09; ulnar: P = 0.04) and motor conduction velocity (MCV) (median: P = 0.046; ulnar: P = 0.005). Axonal loss appears to play a significant role in producing the MNCS changes observed, and its early occurrence is noteworthy. @entity4 could be secondary to the effects of injury as well as collateral sprouting of uninjured axons. Proximal axonal changes may have an impact on recovery.

title: Proximal axonal changes after XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 leads to changes in the proximal axon. @entity1 in @entity0 were investigated to characterize such electrophysiological changes. Mixed nerve conduction studies (MNCS) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were performed proximal to the injury. Control values were obtained from the uninjured limb. Median (n = 24) and ulnar (n = 35) nerve injuries were studied. The injured nerves had significant mixed nerve action potential (MNAP) amplitude reductions (median: P < 0.0001; ulnar: P < 0.0001). The majority of the MNAP amplitude reductions were severe and early. There was slowing in the mixed nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) (median: P = 0.09; ulnar: P = 0.04) and motor conduction velocity (MCV) (median: P = 0.046; ulnar: P = 0.005). Axonal loss appears to play a significant role in producing the MNCS changes observed, and its early occurrence is noteworthy. @entity4 could be secondary to the effects of injury as well as collateral sprouting of uninjured axons. Proximal axonal changes may have an impact on recovery.

title: Proximal axonal changes after @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Systematic screening for @entity3 has resulted in decreased incidence and mortality of @entity1 . However, even in systematic screening programs, many @entity0 are still tested opportunistically. This study aimed to determine the spread of opportunistic testing in a systematic @entity1 screening program, the impact of opportunistic testing in terms of detecting cytological abnormalities and examine the associations between sociodemography and opportunistic testing. METHODS: A nationwide registry study was undertaken including @entity0 aged 23-49 years (n   =   807,624) with a cervical cytology between 2010 and 2013. The @entity0 were categorised into: 1) screening after invitation; 2) routine opportunistic testing, if they were either tested more than 9 months after the latest invitation or between 2.5 years and 3 years after the latest cervical cytology and 3) sporadic opportunistic testing, if they were tested less than 2.5 years after the latest cervical cytology. Cytological diagnoses of @entity0 in each of the categories were identified and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to explore group differences. Associations between sociodemography and undergoing opportunistic testing were established by multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: In total, 28.8% of the cervical cytologies were due to either routine (20.7%) or sporadic (8.1%) opportunistic testing. Among @entity0 undergoing routine opportunistic testing, a larger proportion had high-grade squamous @entity2 than invited @entity0 ( @entity4 : 0.6%, 95 % CI: 0.03-1.17%). A similar proportion of cytological abnormalities among @entity0 undergoing sporadic opportunistic testing and invited @entity0 was found. In multivariate analyses, younger age, being single or a social welfare recipient and residence region (North Denmark) were especially associated with opportunistic testing (routine or sporadic). CONCLUSIONS: One fourth of cervical cytologies in this study were collected opportunistically. Compared to invited @entity0 , @entity0 undergoing routine opportunistic testing were more likely to be diagnosed with abnormal cytologies. Hence, routine opportunistic testing might serve as an important supplement to the systematic screening program by covering non-participating @entity0 who may otherwise be tested with a delay or not tested at all. Among @entity0 tested more often than recommended (sporadic testing), no benefits in terms of detecting more cytological abnormalities were identified.

title: Impact of opportunistic testing in a systematic XXXX screening program: a nationwide registry study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Inflammatory mediators may contribute to the @entity3 associated with @entity8 . Although the secretory action of such mediators is reported in normal tissue, there is little information regarding their effects on inflamed tissue. We examined the short-circuit current response (Isc) to these mediators, in @entity6 (MC)-induced @entity8 , a model with histological similarities to @entity8 in @entity0 . @entity2 were injected once with MC (3.25 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or vehicle. The colons were removed three and seven days later and mounted, devoid of muscularis, in Ussing chambers for measurement of Isc, @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and resistance (Rt). MC-treated @entity2 had @entity3 after three days, and microscopic studies revealed @entity1 . There were no significant differences in Rt, @entity5 , and Isc between control and MC-treated tissues at three and seven days. Maximal increases in Isc to @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity11 , substance P, and @entity4 were depressed at three and/or seven days after MC. The Isc response to @entity9 was not affected. Theophylline activates secretion through an intracellular mechanism; the other agonists act by interaction with epithelial cell membranes. Therefore, the mechanism for the decreased Isc may result from uncoupling of receptors to second-messenger systems or desensitization of receptor-linked secretory mechanisms.

title: XXXX reduces short-circuit current response to inflammatory mediators in @entity2 colonic mucosa.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Inflammatory mediators may contribute to the @entity3 associated with @entity8 . Although the secretory action of such mediators is reported in normal tissue, there is little information regarding their effects on inflamed tissue. We examined the short-circuit current response (Isc) to these mediators, in @entity6 (MC)-induced @entity8 , a model with histological similarities to @entity8 in @entity0 . @entity2 were injected once with MC (3.25 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) or vehicle. The colons were removed three and seven days later and mounted, devoid of muscularis, in Ussing chambers for measurement of Isc, @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and resistance (Rt). MC-treated @entity2 had @entity3 after three days, and microscopic studies revealed @entity1 . There were no significant differences in Rt, @entity5 , and Isc between control and MC-treated tissues at three and seven days. Maximal increases in Isc to @entity7 , @entity10 , @entity11 , substance P, and @entity4 were depressed at three and/or seven days after MC. The Isc response to @entity9 was not affected. Theophylline activates secretion through an intracellular mechanism; the other agonists act by interaction with epithelial cell membranes. Therefore, the mechanism for the decreased Isc may result from uncoupling of receptors to second-messenger systems or desensitization of receptor-linked secretory mechanisms.

title: @entity8 reduces short-circuit current response to inflammatory mediators in XXXX colonic mucosa.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the b-amyloid fragment Ab(25-35) on mitochondrial structure and function and on the expression of proteins associated with the mitochondrial permeability transition pore ( @entity5 ) in @entity0 hippocampal neurons. Ninety clean-grade @entity0 were randomly assigned to six groups (n   =   15 per group). Ab(25-35) (1, 5, or 10     g/ @entity0 ) was injected into hippocampal area @entity2 . Normal saline was injected as a control. The effect of Ab(25-35) injection on hippocampal structure was assessed by transmission electron microscopy. @entity1 -ATPase activity, [ @entity1 ](i) , and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured. The expression of genes associated with the @entity5 , including the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), @entity3 translocator (ANT), and @entity6 ( @entity6 ), were evaluated. Results showed that Ab(25-35) injection damaged the mitochondrial structure of hippocampal neurons, decreased @entity1 -ATPase activity and mitochondrial membrane potential, and increased [ @entity1 ](i) . The expression levels for VDAC, ANT, and @entity6 in all groups were significantly (P   <   0.05) higher than those in the normal control group after Ab(25-35) injection. These results indicate that Ab(25-35) damages mitochondria in @entity0 hippocampal neurons and effects mitochondrial dysfunction, as well as increasing the expression of genes associated with the @entity5 . @entity4 may result in increased @entity5 gene expression, leading to neurodegenerative effects.

title: Effect of b-amyloid (25-35) on mitochondrial function and expression of mitochondrial permeability transition pore proteins in XXXX hippocampal neurons.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Extracellular vesicles represent a rich source of novel biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of disease. However, there is currently limited information elucidating the most efficient methods for obtaining high yields of pure exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles, from cell culture supernatant and complex biological fluids such as plasma. To this end, we comprehensively characterize a variety of exosome isolation protocols for their efficiency, yield and purity of isolated exosomes. Repeated ultracentrifugation steps can reduce the quality of exosome preparations leading to lower exosome yield. We show that concentration of cell culture conditioned media using ultrafiltration devices results in increased vesicle isolation when compared to traditional ultracentrifugation protocols. However, our data on using conditioned media isolated from the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 cell line demonstrates that the choice of concentrating device can greatly impact the yield of isolated exosomes. We find that centrifuge-based concentrating methods are more appropriate than pressure-driven concentrating devices and allow the rapid isolation of exosomes from both @entity1 cell culture conditioned media and complex biological fluids. In fact to date, no protocol detailing exosome isolation utilizing current commercial methods from both cells and @entity0 samples has been described. Utilizing tunable resistive pulse sensing and protein analysis, we provide a comparative analysis of 4 exosome isolation techniques, indicating their efficacy and preparation purity. Our results demonstrate that current precipitation protocols for the isolation of exosomes from cell culture conditioned media and plasma provide the least pure preparations of exosomes, whereas size exclusion isolation is comparable to density gradient purification of exosomes. We have identified current shortcomings in common extracellular vesicle isolation methods and provide a potential standardized method that is effective, reproducible and can be utilized for various starting materials. We believe this method will have extensive application in the growing field of extracellular vesicle research.

title: Optimized exosome isolation protocol for cell culture supernatant and XXXX plasma.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Misinterpretation of the Rockwood classification system for acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) separations has resulted in a trend towards using unilateral radiographs for grading. Further, the use of weighted views to 'unmask' a @entity1 has fallen out of favour. Recent evidence suggests that many radiographic @entity1 represent only a partial injury to the stabilising ligaments. This study aimed to determine (1) whether accurate classification is possible on unilateral radiographs and (2) the efficacy of weighted bilateral radiographs in unmasking higher-grade injuries. METHODS: Complete bilateral non-weighted and weighted sets of radiographs for @entity0 presenting with an @entity2 over a 10-year period were analysed retrospectively, and they were graded I-VI according to Rockwood's criteria. Comparison was made between grading based on (1) a single antero-posterior (AP) view of the injured side, (2) bilateral non-weighted views and (3) bilateral weighted views. Radiographic measurements for cases that changed grade after weighted views were statistically compared to see if this could have been predicted beforehand. RESULTS: Fifty-nine sets of radiographs on 59 @entity0 (48 male, mean age of 33 years) were included. Compared with unilateral radiographs, non-weighted bilateral comparison films resulted in a grade change for 44 @entity0 (74.5%). Twenty-eight of 56 @entity0 initially graded as I, II or III were upgraded to grade V and two of three initial grade V @entity0 were downgraded to grade III. The addition of a weighted view further upgraded 10 @entity0 to grade V. No @entity1 was changed to grade III and no injury of any severity was downgraded by a weighted view. Grade III injuries upgraded on weighted views had a significantly greater baseline median percentage coracoclavicular distance increase than those that were not upgraded (80.7% vs. 55.4%, p=0.015). However, no cut-off point for this value could be identified to predict an upgrade. CONCLUSIONS: The accurate classification of ACJ separation requires weighted bilateral comparative views. Attempts to predict grade on a single AP radiograph result in a gross underestimation of severity. The value of bilateral weighted views is to 'unmask' a grade V injury, and it is recommended as a first-line investigation.

title: Bilateral weighted radiographs are required for accurate classification of XXXX : an observational study of 59 cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. The sensory neuropeptide substance @entity5 ), when released from sensory nerves, has been implicated in the development of @entity6 . In the present study, using an in vivo model system, we have characterized and investigated the mechanisms underlying SP-induced leukocyte accumulation and @entity0 formation in the @entity3 . 2. Intradermally injected SP (i.d., 10(-13) - 10(-9) mol per site), induced a dose- and time-dependent accumulation of 111In-neutrophils, 111In-eosinophils and @entity0 formation as measured by the local accumulation of i.v. injected 125I-albumin. The leukocyte accumulation evoked by SP was significant at 10(-10) and 10(-9) mol per site, whereas @entity0 formation was significant at the lowest dose tested (10(-13) mol per site). 3. The @entity7 antagonists, @entity9 (1 mg kg-1, i.v.) and @entity4 (10 micrograms per site, i.d.), significantly attenuated the @entity0 formation induced by the lower doses of SP. @entity0 formation and leukocyte accumulation induced by 10(-9) mol per site SP were unaffected by either antagonist. 4. SP-elicited responses were not significantly affected by the @entity10 antagonist, UK-74,505 (2.5 mg kg-1, i.v.) or the H1 @entity2 receptor antagonist, @entity8 (10(-8) mol per site, i.d.). However, the 111In-eosinophil accumulation, but not the 111In-neutrophil accumulation or @entity0 formation, induced by SP was significantly inhibited by the specific 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor, @entity11 (10(-8) mol per site, i.d.). 5. The accumulation of both 111 In-neutrophils and 111 In-eosinophils induced by SP was abolished in @entity3 treated i.v. with an anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody 6.5E F(ab')2 (2.5 mg kg-1). The @entity0 response was unaffected in these animals.6. These results suggest that SP-induced @entity1 events may be mediated via two mechanisms involving @entity7 -dependent and independent pathways. @entity0 formation induced by the lower doses of SP may be mediated via the direct activation of NK1 receptors whilst, at higher doses, @entity0 formation and leukocyte accumulation may be mediated via the release of secondary mediators, possibly mast cell derived, with 5-LO products playing an important role in the leukocyte infiltration. The leukocyte accumulation, but not the @entity0 induced by SP, is dependent on the expression of the CD18antigen on leukocytes.

title: Substance P-induced @entity1 responses in @entity3 skin: the effect of specific XXXX antagonists and the role of endogenous mediators.

answer: @entity7


abstract: 1. The sensory neuropeptide substance @entity5 ), when released from sensory nerves, has been implicated in the development of @entity6 . In the present study, using an in vivo model system, we have characterized and investigated the mechanisms underlying SP-induced leukocyte accumulation and @entity0 formation in the @entity3 . 2. Intradermally injected SP (i.d., 10(-13) - 10(-9) mol per site), induced a dose- and time-dependent accumulation of 111In-neutrophils, 111In-eosinophils and @entity0 formation as measured by the local accumulation of i.v. injected 125I-albumin. The leukocyte accumulation evoked by SP was significant at 10(-10) and 10(-9) mol per site, whereas @entity0 formation was significant at the lowest dose tested (10(-13) mol per site). 3. The @entity7 antagonists, @entity9 (1 mg kg-1, i.v.) and @entity4 (10 micrograms per site, i.d.), significantly attenuated the @entity0 formation induced by the lower doses of SP. @entity0 formation and leukocyte accumulation induced by 10(-9) mol per site SP were unaffected by either antagonist. 4. SP-elicited responses were not significantly affected by the @entity10 antagonist, UK-74,505 (2.5 mg kg-1, i.v.) or the H1 @entity2 receptor antagonist, @entity8 (10(-8) mol per site, i.d.). However, the 111In-eosinophil accumulation, but not the 111In-neutrophil accumulation or @entity0 formation, induced by SP was significantly inhibited by the specific 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor, @entity11 (10(-8) mol per site, i.d.). 5. The accumulation of both 111 In-neutrophils and 111 In-eosinophils induced by SP was abolished in @entity3 treated i.v. with an anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody 6.5E F(ab')2 (2.5 mg kg-1). The @entity0 response was unaffected in these animals.6. These results suggest that SP-induced @entity1 events may be mediated via two mechanisms involving @entity7 -dependent and independent pathways. @entity0 formation induced by the lower doses of SP may be mediated via the direct activation of NK1 receptors whilst, at higher doses, @entity0 formation and leukocyte accumulation may be mediated via the release of secondary mediators, possibly mast cell derived, with 5-LO products playing an important role in the leukocyte infiltration. The leukocyte accumulation, but not the @entity0 induced by SP, is dependent on the expression of the CD18antigen on leukocytes.

title: Substance P-induced @entity1 responses in XXXX skin: the effect of specific @entity7 antagonists and the role of endogenous mediators.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. The sensory neuropeptide substance @entity5 ), when released from sensory nerves, has been implicated in the development of @entity6 . In the present study, using an in vivo model system, we have characterized and investigated the mechanisms underlying SP-induced leukocyte accumulation and @entity0 formation in the @entity3 . 2. Intradermally injected SP (i.d., 10(-13) - 10(-9) mol per site), induced a dose- and time-dependent accumulation of 111In-neutrophils, 111In-eosinophils and @entity0 formation as measured by the local accumulation of i.v. injected 125I-albumin. The leukocyte accumulation evoked by SP was significant at 10(-10) and 10(-9) mol per site, whereas @entity0 formation was significant at the lowest dose tested (10(-13) mol per site). 3. The @entity7 antagonists, @entity9 (1 mg kg-1, i.v.) and @entity4 (10 micrograms per site, i.d.), significantly attenuated the @entity0 formation induced by the lower doses of SP. @entity0 formation and leukocyte accumulation induced by 10(-9) mol per site SP were unaffected by either antagonist. 4. SP-elicited responses were not significantly affected by the @entity10 antagonist, UK-74,505 (2.5 mg kg-1, i.v.) or the H1 @entity2 receptor antagonist, @entity8 (10(-8) mol per site, i.d.). However, the 111In-eosinophil accumulation, but not the 111In-neutrophil accumulation or @entity0 formation, induced by SP was significantly inhibited by the specific 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitor, @entity11 (10(-8) mol per site, i.d.). 5. The accumulation of both 111 In-neutrophils and 111 In-eosinophils induced by SP was abolished in @entity3 treated i.v. with an anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody 6.5E F(ab')2 (2.5 mg kg-1). The @entity0 response was unaffected in these animals.6. These results suggest that SP-induced @entity1 events may be mediated via two mechanisms involving @entity7 -dependent and independent pathways. @entity0 formation induced by the lower doses of SP may be mediated via the direct activation of NK1 receptors whilst, at higher doses, @entity0 formation and leukocyte accumulation may be mediated via the release of secondary mediators, possibly mast cell derived, with 5-LO products playing an important role in the leukocyte infiltration. The leukocyte accumulation, but not the @entity0 induced by SP, is dependent on the expression of the CD18antigen on leukocytes.

title: Substance P-induced XXXX responses in @entity3 skin: the effect of specific @entity7 antagonists and the role of endogenous mediators.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Studies of the effects of disclosing stressful experiences among @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have yielded inconsistent findings, perhaps due to different disclosure methods--writing or speaking--and various methodological limitations. We randomized adults with @entity2 to a writing (n=88) or speaking (to a recorder) sample (n=93), and within each sample, to either disclosure or 1 of 2 control groups (positive or neutral events), which conducted four 20-minute, at-home sessions. Follow-up evaluations at 1, 3, and 6 months included self-reported, behavioral, physiological, and blinded physician-assessed outcomes. In both writing and speaking samples, the disclosure and control groups were comparably credible, and the linguistic content differed as expected. Covariance analyses at each follow-up point indicated that written disclosure had minimal effects compared with combined controls--only @entity1 was reduced at 1 and 6 months, but no other outcomes improved. Spoken disclosure led to faster walking speed at 3 months, and @entity1 , @entity3 , and physician-rated disease activity at 6 months, but there were no effects on other outcomes. Latent growth curve modeling examined differences in the trajectory of change over follow-up. Written disclosure improved affective @entity1 and walking speed; spoken disclosure showed only a marginal benefit on sensory @entity1 . In both analyses, the few benefits of disclosure occurred relative to both positive and neutral control groups. We conclude that both written and spoken disclosure have modest benefits for @entity0 with @entity2 , particularly at 6 months, but these effects are limited in scope and consistency.

title: Does emotional disclosure about stress improve health in XXXX ? Randomized, controlled trials of written and spoken disclosure.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The neuronal mechanisms that encode specific stimulus features in order to elicit defined behavioral responses are poorly understood. @entity0 forms a memory of its cultivation temperature (T(c)) and exhibits distinct behaviors in different temperature ranges relative to T(c). In particular, @entity0 tracks isotherms only in a narrow temperature band near T(c). T(c) memory is in part encoded by the threshold of responsiveness (T   (AFD)) of the AFD thermosensory neuron pair to temperature stimuli. However, because AFD thermosensory responses appear to be similar at all examined temperatures above T   (AFD), the mechanisms that generate specific behaviors in defined temperature ranges remain to be determined. RESULTS: Here, we show that the AFD neurons respond to the sinusoidal variations in thermal stimuli followed by animals during isothermal tracking (IT) behavior only in a narrow temperature range near T(c). We find that mutations in the AFD-expressed gcy-8 receptor guanylyl cyclase (rGC) gene result in defects in the execution of IT behavior and are associated with defects in the responses of the AFD neurons to oscillating thermal stimuli. In contrast, mutations in the @entity2 or @entity3 rGCs alter the temperature range in which IT behavior is exhibited. Alteration of intracellular @entity1 levels via rGC mutations or addition of @entity1 analogs shift the lower and upper ranges of the temperature range of IT behavior in part via alteration in T   (AFD). CONCLUSIONS: Our observations provide insights into the mechanisms by which a single sensory neuron type encodes features of a given stimulus to generate different behaviors in defined zones.

title: Regulation of response properties and operating range of the AFD thermosensory neurons by XXXX signaling.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Overactivity of glutamatergic transmission has been implicated in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and levodopa (L-Dopa)-induced @entity1 . Striatal metabotropic @entity2 receptors type 5 ( @entity5 ) are abundant and provide specific targets to modulate glutamatergic activity. This study investigated the acute effects of the novel @entity5 antagonist @entity6 on motor behavior in L-Dopa-treated monkeys with a @entity3 ( @entity3 ) lesion to model @entity0 . Six @entity4 @entity3 monkeys were treated repeatedly with L-Dopa; this treatment increased their locomotion and reduced their @entity0 scores, but also induced @entity1 . When @entity6 (doses of 5, 25, 125 or 250mg/kg) was administered one hour prior to a high dose of L-Dopa, the antiparkinsonian activity of L-Dopa was maintained as measured with locomotion and antiparkinsonian scores, whereas @entity1 were significantly reduced at 25, 125 and 250mg/kg @entity6 for peak @entity1 score and at 125 and 250mg/kg for the 1h peak period of @entity1 score. Administration of @entity6 one hour before L-Dopa led to peak or elevated plasma @entity6 concentrations occurring close to L-Dopa peak-dose @entity1 . We next investigated @entity6 25mg/kg combined with a low dose of L-Dopa. The antiparkinsonian activity of L-Dopa was increased as measured with locomotion, @entity1 remained low at these doses. Our results show a beneficial motor effect of @entity6 with L-Dopa in @entity3 monkeys. This supports the therapeutic use of an @entity5 antagonist to restore normal glutamatergic neurotransmission in @entity0 and decrease @entity1 .

title: The acute antiparkinsonian and antidyskinetic effect of @entity6 , a novel metabotropic XXXX receptor type 5 antagonist, in L-Dopa-treated @entity0 monkeys.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Overactivity of glutamatergic transmission has been implicated in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and levodopa (L-Dopa)-induced @entity1 . Striatal metabotropic @entity2 receptors type 5 ( @entity5 ) are abundant and provide specific targets to modulate glutamatergic activity. This study investigated the acute effects of the novel @entity5 antagonist @entity6 on motor behavior in L-Dopa-treated monkeys with a @entity3 ( @entity3 ) lesion to model @entity0 . Six @entity4 @entity3 monkeys were treated repeatedly with L-Dopa; this treatment increased their locomotion and reduced their @entity0 scores, but also induced @entity1 . When @entity6 (doses of 5, 25, 125 or 250mg/kg) was administered one hour prior to a high dose of L-Dopa, the antiparkinsonian activity of L-Dopa was maintained as measured with locomotion and antiparkinsonian scores, whereas @entity1 were significantly reduced at 25, 125 and 250mg/kg @entity6 for peak @entity1 score and at 125 and 250mg/kg for the 1h peak period of @entity1 score. Administration of @entity6 one hour before L-Dopa led to peak or elevated plasma @entity6 concentrations occurring close to L-Dopa peak-dose @entity1 . We next investigated @entity6 25mg/kg combined with a low dose of L-Dopa. The antiparkinsonian activity of L-Dopa was increased as measured with locomotion, @entity1 remained low at these doses. Our results show a beneficial motor effect of @entity6 with L-Dopa in @entity3 monkeys. This supports the therapeutic use of an @entity5 antagonist to restore normal glutamatergic neurotransmission in @entity0 and decrease @entity1 .

title: The acute antiparkinsonian and antidyskinetic effect of @entity6 , a novel metabotropic @entity2 receptor type 5 antagonist, in L-Dopa-treated XXXX monkeys.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Overactivity of glutamatergic transmission has been implicated in @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and levodopa (L-Dopa)-induced @entity1 . Striatal metabotropic @entity2 receptors type 5 ( @entity5 ) are abundant and provide specific targets to modulate glutamatergic activity. This study investigated the acute effects of the novel @entity5 antagonist @entity6 on motor behavior in L-Dopa-treated monkeys with a @entity3 ( @entity3 ) lesion to model @entity0 . Six @entity4 @entity3 monkeys were treated repeatedly with L-Dopa; this treatment increased their locomotion and reduced their @entity0 scores, but also induced @entity1 . When @entity6 (doses of 5, 25, 125 or 250mg/kg) was administered one hour prior to a high dose of L-Dopa, the antiparkinsonian activity of L-Dopa was maintained as measured with locomotion and antiparkinsonian scores, whereas @entity1 were significantly reduced at 25, 125 and 250mg/kg @entity6 for peak @entity1 score and at 125 and 250mg/kg for the 1h peak period of @entity1 score. Administration of @entity6 one hour before L-Dopa led to peak or elevated plasma @entity6 concentrations occurring close to L-Dopa peak-dose @entity1 . We next investigated @entity6 25mg/kg combined with a low dose of L-Dopa. The antiparkinsonian activity of L-Dopa was increased as measured with locomotion, @entity1 remained low at these doses. Our results show a beneficial motor effect of @entity6 with L-Dopa in @entity3 monkeys. This supports the therapeutic use of an @entity5 antagonist to restore normal glutamatergic neurotransmission in @entity0 and decrease @entity1 .

title: The acute antiparkinsonian and antidyskinetic effect of XXXX , a novel metabotropic @entity2 receptor type 5 antagonist, in L-Dopa-treated @entity0 monkeys.

answer: @entity6


abstract: RNA interference is an important tool to study the gene function. Microinjection and electroporation are usually used to transfer DNA, small interference RNA (siRNA), morpholinos, and protein into oocytes or embryos. This study used a simple and effective method to transfect siRNA into @entity0 somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. In this method, siRNA transfection and electrofusion of SCNT were combined. A pair of @entity1 microelectrodes was used during SCNT to complete electrofusion. A CY3-labeled siRNA-targeted @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was chosen to verify the siRNA transfection efficiency of this approach. First, a suitable concentration of siRNA was mixed with Zimmermann's fusion medium. Reconstructed embryos were then added into the microdrops of the mixed fusion medium to simultaneously transfect the siRNA and electrofuse the SCNT embryos. Our results showed that transfecting @entity2 siRNA via the proposed method caused obvious CY3 fluorescence and significant downregulation of @entity2 messenger RNA, @entity2 protein, and global DNA methylation levels in the SCNT embryos. Meanwhile, the survival rate after electrofusion (90.4% vs. 89.4% vs. 89.1%, P > 0.05) and developmental rates of the SCNT embryos (72.8% vs. 74.9% vs. 72.4%, P > 0.05; 29.7% vs. 31.7% vs. 29.7%, P > 0.05) were not significantly affected. In summary, siRNAs were effectively transfected into the SCNT embryos via the proposed method and exert their functions, and the normal development of preimplantation SCNT embryos was not affected by the method used.

title: A simple and efficient method to transfect small interference RNA into XXXX SCNT embryos.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the classification of alar base @entity2 , so as to provide the reference for the surgical management of secondary @entity1 of @entity4 . METHODS: From Jul. 2008 to Feb. 2009, 26 cases with @entity1 of @entity4 were treated. All the @entity0 underwent 3-dimensional CT for maxillary measurement. The nasal soft tissue measurement was performed pre- and post-operatively. The relationship between the maxillary and soft tissue at alar base was analyzed. The @entity1 was classified. RESULTS: The location of alar base was not related to the form of piriform aperture, but the bony defect at the alar base was correlated to the @entity0 satisfactory. The @entity1 was graded as I when the @entity2 at alar base was less than 4.5 mm in depth, as II when it was 4.5-5.0 mm in depth, and as III when it was more than 5 mm in depth. The deformity could be corrected with only soft tissue plasty for grade I, with soft tissue plasty or artificial implants for grade II, with combined bone autograft or @entity3 repair for grade III. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2 at maxillary does not necessarily result in alar base @entity2 . The alar base can be adjust to proper position through operation. The operation should be designed based on the preoperative nasal measurement.

title: [Classification and surgical management of secondary XXXX of @entity4 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the classification of alar base @entity2 , so as to provide the reference for the surgical management of secondary @entity1 of @entity4 . METHODS: From Jul. 2008 to Feb. 2009, 26 cases with @entity1 of @entity4 were treated. All the @entity0 underwent 3-dimensional CT for maxillary measurement. The nasal soft tissue measurement was performed pre- and post-operatively. The relationship between the maxillary and soft tissue at alar base was analyzed. The @entity1 was classified. RESULTS: The location of alar base was not related to the form of piriform aperture, but the bony defect at the alar base was correlated to the @entity0 satisfactory. The @entity1 was graded as I when the @entity2 at alar base was less than 4.5 mm in depth, as II when it was 4.5-5.0 mm in depth, and as III when it was more than 5 mm in depth. The deformity could be corrected with only soft tissue plasty for grade I, with soft tissue plasty or artificial implants for grade II, with combined bone autograft or @entity3 repair for grade III. CONCLUSIONS: The @entity2 at maxillary does not necessarily result in alar base @entity2 . The alar base can be adjust to proper position through operation. The operation should be designed based on the preoperative nasal measurement.

title: [Classification and surgical management of secondary @entity1 of XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Most neurotransmitter receptors examined to date are either regulated by phosphorylation or contain consensus sequences for phosphorylation by protein kinases. The nicotinic @entity1 receptor (AChR), which mediates depolarization at the neuromuscular junction, has served as a model for the study of the structure, function, and regulation of ligand-gated ion channels. The AChR is phosphorylated by protein kinase A, protein kinase C, and an unidentified protein @entity0 kinase. @entity0 phosphorylation of the AChR is correlated with a modulation of the rate of receptor desensitization and is associated with AChR clustering. We showed that @entity3 , a neuronally derived extracellular matrix protein, induces AChR clustering and @entity0 phosphorylation. In addition, we identified two protein @entity0 kinases, @entity2 and Fyk, that appear to be involved in the regulation of synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction by phosphorylating the AChR. The two kinases are highly expressed in Torpedo electric organ, a tissue enriched in synaptic components including the AChR. As demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation, @entity2 and Fyk associate with the AChR. Furthermore, the AChR is phosphorylated in @entity2 and Fyk immunoprecipitates. We investigated the molecular basis for the association of the AChR with @entity2 and Fyk using fusion proteins derived from the kinases. The AChR bound specifically to the SH2 domain fusion proteins of @entity2 and Fyk. The association of the AChR with the SH2 domains is dependent on the state of AChR @entity0 phosphorylation and is mediated by the delta subunit of the receptor. These data provide evidence that the protein @entity0 kinases @entity2 and Fyk may act to phosphorylate the AChR in vivo.

title: Phosphorylation of the nicotinic @entity1 receptor by protein XXXX kinases.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Most neurotransmitter receptors examined to date are either regulated by phosphorylation or contain consensus sequences for phosphorylation by protein kinases. The nicotinic @entity1 receptor (AChR), which mediates depolarization at the neuromuscular junction, has served as a model for the study of the structure, function, and regulation of ligand-gated ion channels. The AChR is phosphorylated by protein kinase A, protein kinase C, and an unidentified protein @entity0 kinase. @entity0 phosphorylation of the AChR is correlated with a modulation of the rate of receptor desensitization and is associated with AChR clustering. We showed that @entity3 , a neuronally derived extracellular matrix protein, induces AChR clustering and @entity0 phosphorylation. In addition, we identified two protein @entity0 kinases, @entity2 and Fyk, that appear to be involved in the regulation of synaptic transmission at the neuromuscular junction by phosphorylating the AChR. The two kinases are highly expressed in Torpedo electric organ, a tissue enriched in synaptic components including the AChR. As demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation, @entity2 and Fyk associate with the AChR. Furthermore, the AChR is phosphorylated in @entity2 and Fyk immunoprecipitates. We investigated the molecular basis for the association of the AChR with @entity2 and Fyk using fusion proteins derived from the kinases. The AChR bound specifically to the SH2 domain fusion proteins of @entity2 and Fyk. The association of the AChR with the SH2 domains is dependent on the state of AChR @entity0 phosphorylation and is mediated by the delta subunit of the receptor. These data provide evidence that the protein @entity0 kinases @entity2 and Fyk may act to phosphorylate the AChR in vivo.

title: Phosphorylation of the nicotinic XXXX receptor by protein @entity0 kinases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In a prospective study, 31 unselected @entity0 with urge or urge @entity1 , where previous treatment had been unsuccessful, were given repeated instillations of Lidocain gel for 11 days. Detailed histories were obtained by questionnaire both before instituting and after termination of the therapy. A cystourethrotonometric examination was also performed by the microtransducer method. The urge symptoms improved in almost all the @entity0 . There was also a distinct improvement in subjective feelings of @entity1 . There was a statistically significant reduction in mean micturition frequency. In 50% of the @entity0 it was no longer possible to detect @entity2 and pathologic detrusor contractions by cystourethrotonometry. @entity0 who had had lower bladder capacity prior to therapy showed a tendency to increased capacity after treatment. While there was no change in functional urethral length, there was a significant increase in maximum urethral closing pressure. Tonometrically detectable stress @entity1 disappeared in one-fourth of the @entity0 . No side effects were observed. In view of the high rate of success and the acceptance of intravesicular Lidocain therapy, it can also be recommended for cases resistant to therapy and, if necessary, can be included in an all-embracing therapeutic concept for urge @entity1 .

title: [Effectiveness of intravesical administration of lidocaine gel in females with urge and urge XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the mammographic features of pure @entity5 of the breast and correlate them with the pathologic features. @entity1 AND METHODS: The authors analysed 23 @entity2 identified as pure @entity5 of the breast in 22 @entity1 , aged 40 to 92 (mean 64.9) years at the time of mammography (which took place between November 1975 and July 1992). The review covered mammographic features, clinical findings, pathological features and nodal status. RESULTS: Twenty (87%) of the lesions were palpable, and 4 (17%) were mammographically occult. At mammography, eight cases (35%) presented as ill-defined masses without @entity6 , five (22%) as well-defined masses without @entity6 , four (17%) as ill-defined masses with @entity6 , one (4%) as a focal asymmetric opacity and one (4%) as @entity6 only. Eleven (65%) of the 17 mammographically identified masses were irregular in shape, 4 (24%) were oval, and 2 (12%) were lobular. In 11 (61%) of the 18 cases involving masses or an opacity, the lesions were denser than normal breast parenchyma; in the others the lesions were isodense. All of the @entity4 were greater than 1.9 cm in greatest diameter, as determined mammographically, whereas only one of the isodense lesions was greater than 1.9 cm in greatest diameter. In 17 (77%) of the 22 cases in which the border of the lesions could be evaluated histologically, the lesions had well-defined, pushing borders; the others had ill-defined, irregularly outlined borders. @entity6 were seen histologically in seven cases (30%) and were correlated with mammographically suspicious @entity6 in three. Fourteen (82%) of the 17 @entity1 who underwent axillary node dissection were free of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The most common mammographic appearance of pure @entity5 was an ill-defined mass and the second most common was a well-defined mass. No spiculated lesions were observed in this @entity1 group. Microcalcifications were seen in some cases but were less common than in @entity0 in general. Lesions more than 1.9 cm in greatest diameter tended to be hyperdense. A substantial proportion of pure @entity5 may be mammographically occult.

title: Mammographic features of pure XXXX of the breast with pathological correlation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The @entity3 in acute @entity2 . Recovery from @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is accelerated by @entity4 therapy. Furthermore, the local renal growth hormone- @entity4 system may participate in the natural repair. We examined the @entity4 system in @entity0 kidneys subjected to 60 minute @entity1 compared to sham operated controls. Two days after injury, @entity7 mRNA and @entity4 mRNA levels fell approximately 9 to 33% of control values. This was associated with a reduction in kidney immunoreactive @entity4 levels. In contrast, @entity6 mRNA abundance was unchanged. However, plasma membrane @entity6 binding on day 2 and day 7 was near double the control values (P < 0.01). Scatchard analysis revealed a near twofold increase in receptor number. Since receptor mRNA levels were unchanged, this implies receptor protein up-regulation. In contrast to unchanged @entity6 mRNA levels, the abundance of mRNA levels of @entity8 fell approximately 14 to 62% of control levels day 2 after injury (P < 0.05), suggesting reduced IGFBP production. Thus, the renal response to @entity5 , namely, low IGFBP mRNA levels and high @entity6 number, may function to increase @entity4 bioavailability and thereby enhance the reparative actions of local and circulating @entity4 in @entity5 .

title: XXXX in acute renal failure.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the treatment option for @entity0 with low-volume stage II nonseminomatous germ cell @entity1 (NSGCTT) that yields the best survival, is associated with the least morbidity, and avoids "double therapy"--that is, chemotherapy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). DESIGN: We reviewed our institutional experience with 28 @entity0 with stage II NSGCTT who received primary chemotherapy between August 1983 and October 1992. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The 28 study @entity0 (mean age, 28 years; range, 20 to 52) with low-volume stage II NSGCTT were treated with @entity8 , @entity9 , and @entity7 . The correlation of response rates with @entity2 and predominant histologic cell type was determined. The duration of survival was measured from the initiation of chemotherapy to the appearance of @entity3 or @entity4 or the date of last follow-up visit. RESULTS: Of the 28 @entity0 treated, 27 (96%) achieved a complete response--20 (71%) with only chemotherapy and an additional 7 (25%) with chemotherapy plus surgical treatment. Twenty-seven @entity0 (96%) remained free of disease after a median follow-up of 72 months. The most frequent complication was @entity7 -associated @entity6 or @entity5 which was noted in 13 @entity0 (46%). In 11 of 15 @entity0 (73%), attempts to have @entity0 have been successful. CONCLUSION: Excellent long-term survival rates in @entity0 with stage II NSGCTT can be achieved with primary chemotherapy. In this series, 71% of @entity0 were spared RPLND. The need for postchemotherapy RPLND seemed to be related to the initial metastatic @entity1 volume and possibly the histologic features of the @entity1 . Continued refinement in surgical techniques and chemotherapeutic regimens will necessitate the comparison of these two treatment approaches in a randomized prospective trial.

title: Primary chemotherapy for clinical stage II nonseminomatous germ cell XXXX : selection criteria and long-term results.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 (NO) is an important mediator of inflammatory responses in the lung and a key regulator of bronchomotor tone. An airway @entity4 ( @entity4 ; EC 1.14.13.39) has been proposed as a source of endogenous NO in the lung but has not been clearly defined. Through molecular cloning, we conclusively demonstrate that NO synthesis in normal @entity0 airways is due to the continuous expression of the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) isoform in airway epithelial cells. Although @entity4 mRNA expression is abundant in airway epithelial cells, expression is not detected in other pulmonary cell types, indicating that airway epithelial cells are unique in the continuous pattern of @entity4 expression in the lung. In situ analysis reveals all airway epithelial cell types express @entity4 . However, removal of epithelial cells from the in vivo airway environment leads to rapid loss of @entity4 expression, which suggests expression is dependent upon conditions and/or factors present in the airway. Quantitation of @entity4 activity in epithelial cell lysates indicates nanomolar levels of NO synthesis occur in vivo. Remarkably, the high-level @entity4 expression is constant in airway epithelium of normal individuals over time. However, expression is strikingly decreased by inhaled corticosteroids and beta-adrenergic agonists, medications commonly used in treatment of inflammatory @entity3 . Based upon these findings, we propose that respiratory epithelial cells are key inflammatory cells in the airway, functioning in host defense and potentially playing a role in airway @entity1 .

title: Continuous XXXX synthesis by inducible @entity2 synthase in normal @entity0 airway epithelium in vivo.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 (NO) is an important mediator of inflammatory responses in the lung and a key regulator of bronchomotor tone. An airway @entity4 ( @entity4 ; EC 1.14.13.39) has been proposed as a source of endogenous NO in the lung but has not been clearly defined. Through molecular cloning, we conclusively demonstrate that NO synthesis in normal @entity0 airways is due to the continuous expression of the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) isoform in airway epithelial cells. Although @entity4 mRNA expression is abundant in airway epithelial cells, expression is not detected in other pulmonary cell types, indicating that airway epithelial cells are unique in the continuous pattern of @entity4 expression in the lung. In situ analysis reveals all airway epithelial cell types express @entity4 . However, removal of epithelial cells from the in vivo airway environment leads to rapid loss of @entity4 expression, which suggests expression is dependent upon conditions and/or factors present in the airway. Quantitation of @entity4 activity in epithelial cell lysates indicates nanomolar levels of NO synthesis occur in vivo. Remarkably, the high-level @entity4 expression is constant in airway epithelium of normal individuals over time. However, expression is strikingly decreased by inhaled corticosteroids and beta-adrenergic agonists, medications commonly used in treatment of inflammatory @entity3 . Based upon these findings, we propose that respiratory epithelial cells are key inflammatory cells in the airway, functioning in host defense and potentially playing a role in airway @entity1 .

title: Continuous @entity2 synthesis by inducible XXXX synthase in normal @entity0 airway epithelium in vivo.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 (NO) is an important mediator of inflammatory responses in the lung and a key regulator of bronchomotor tone. An airway @entity4 ( @entity4 ; EC 1.14.13.39) has been proposed as a source of endogenous NO in the lung but has not been clearly defined. Through molecular cloning, we conclusively demonstrate that NO synthesis in normal @entity0 airways is due to the continuous expression of the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) isoform in airway epithelial cells. Although @entity4 mRNA expression is abundant in airway epithelial cells, expression is not detected in other pulmonary cell types, indicating that airway epithelial cells are unique in the continuous pattern of @entity4 expression in the lung. In situ analysis reveals all airway epithelial cell types express @entity4 . However, removal of epithelial cells from the in vivo airway environment leads to rapid loss of @entity4 expression, which suggests expression is dependent upon conditions and/or factors present in the airway. Quantitation of @entity4 activity in epithelial cell lysates indicates nanomolar levels of NO synthesis occur in vivo. Remarkably, the high-level @entity4 expression is constant in airway epithelium of normal individuals over time. However, expression is strikingly decreased by inhaled corticosteroids and beta-adrenergic agonists, medications commonly used in treatment of inflammatory @entity3 . Based upon these findings, we propose that respiratory epithelial cells are key inflammatory cells in the airway, functioning in host defense and potentially playing a role in airway @entity1 .

title: Continuous @entity2 synthesis by inducible @entity2 synthase in normal XXXX airway epithelium in vivo.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Gastrointestinal @entity4 are commonly encountered during childhood and are one of the most common causes of @entity3 in this age group. Most @entity4 are benign and located in the colon, with the most frequent type being @entity4 . However, in older pediatric @entity0 , if @entity4 are present, in @entity0 who have a positive family history, or if @entity4 are located outside of the colon, either @entity8 or @entity4 associated with @entity2 are more common. RECENT FINDINGS: Imaging techniques such as ultrasound and computed tomographic colonoscopy have recently been utilized to identify simple juvenile @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity3 in whom there is a high index of suspicion. Colonoscopy with polypectomy is still required for histologic evaluation and resection of the polyp. There have been significant advances in genetic testing and management of @entity7 syndromes with onset in childhood or adolescence that may ultimately reduce long-term morbidity and mortality. In addition to enhanced gastrointestinal and extraintestinal @entity1 screening for affected individuals, specific gene mutations within a given condition such as @entity5 may predict clinical course and timing of specific interventions such as colectomy. In other conditions such as phosphatase and tensin homolog @entity1 , phenotype may not be predicted by genotype. SUMMARY: Pediatricians, pediatric gastroenterologists, and adult gastroenterologists caring for @entity0 should understand how to differentiate @entity4 in the pediatric age group from those associated with a higher risk of complications including recurrence risk and risk of development of intestinal or extraintestinal @entity1 . Recent advances in genetic testing, as well as development of consensus guidelines, are key in the identification, screening, and follow-up of @entity0 and adolescents with @entity5 syndromes.

title: XXXX in pediatric @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Gastrointestinal @entity4 are commonly encountered during childhood and are one of the most common causes of @entity3 in this age group. Most @entity4 are benign and located in the colon, with the most frequent type being @entity4 . However, in older pediatric @entity0 , if @entity4 are present, in @entity0 who have a positive family history, or if @entity4 are located outside of the colon, either @entity8 or @entity4 associated with @entity2 are more common. RECENT FINDINGS: Imaging techniques such as ultrasound and computed tomographic colonoscopy have recently been utilized to identify simple juvenile @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity3 in whom there is a high index of suspicion. Colonoscopy with polypectomy is still required for histologic evaluation and resection of the polyp. There have been significant advances in genetic testing and management of @entity7 syndromes with onset in childhood or adolescence that may ultimately reduce long-term morbidity and mortality. In addition to enhanced gastrointestinal and extraintestinal @entity1 screening for affected individuals, specific gene mutations within a given condition such as @entity5 may predict clinical course and timing of specific interventions such as colectomy. In other conditions such as phosphatase and tensin homolog @entity1 , phenotype may not be predicted by genotype. SUMMARY: Pediatricians, pediatric gastroenterologists, and adult gastroenterologists caring for @entity0 should understand how to differentiate @entity4 in the pediatric age group from those associated with a higher risk of complications including recurrence risk and risk of development of intestinal or extraintestinal @entity1 . Recent advances in genetic testing, as well as development of consensus guidelines, are key in the identification, screening, and follow-up of @entity0 and adolescents with @entity5 syndromes.

title: @entity6 in pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Smooth muscle cells have been shown to migrate in response to @entity0 ( @entity0 ). However, the role of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in this process has not been determined. As IGFBPs are synthesized and secreted by smooth muscle cells and bind to IGFs with high affinity, this study was undertaken to determine the ability of @entity6 to modulate cellular migration in response to @entity5 . Confluent monolayers of porcine vascular smooth muscle cells were wounded with a razor blade. After wounding, @entity5 induced increases of 159 +/- 49% (mean +/- SD) and 108 +/- 33%, respectively, above control values in the number of cells migrating over a fixed distance in 4 days. The addition of @entity3 caused a 19-21% inhibition of @entity0 - or @entity2 -stimulated migration, whereas the addition of @entity4 inhibited the effect of both by greater than 60%. The addition of @entity4 alone had no effect, whereas @entity3 addition was associated with a 42 +/- 12% increase. In contrast, [Trp221] @entity3 in which the RGD sequence was changed to WGD, thus eliminating its capacity to bind to the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin, inhibited @entity0 -stimulated migration by 67 +/- 17%. An IGF analog that has a reduced affinity for @entity4 -stimulated migration equally well as @entity0 alone even in the presence of @entity4 . Likewise, the addition of insulin, which cannot bind to IGFBPs, at supraphysiological concentrations that are adequate to activate the @entity1 resulted in a similar increase in migration. In summary, @entity5 stimulate smooth muscle cell migration after wounding. This migratory response is modulated by IGFBPs. Both @entity3 and @entity4 appear to neutralize the effects of the IGFs by inhibiting their interaction with IGF receptors, but @entity3 also has a direct stimulatory effect that requires an intact RGD integrin recognition sequence.

title: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins inhibit the smooth muscle cell migration responses to @entity0 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Smooth muscle cells have been shown to migrate in response to @entity0 ( @entity0 ). However, the role of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in this process has not been determined. As IGFBPs are synthesized and secreted by smooth muscle cells and bind to IGFs with high affinity, this study was undertaken to determine the ability of @entity6 to modulate cellular migration in response to @entity5 . Confluent monolayers of porcine vascular smooth muscle cells were wounded with a razor blade. After wounding, @entity5 induced increases of 159 +/- 49% (mean +/- SD) and 108 +/- 33%, respectively, above control values in the number of cells migrating over a fixed distance in 4 days. The addition of @entity3 caused a 19-21% inhibition of @entity0 - or @entity2 -stimulated migration, whereas the addition of @entity4 inhibited the effect of both by greater than 60%. The addition of @entity4 alone had no effect, whereas @entity3 addition was associated with a 42 +/- 12% increase. In contrast, [Trp221] @entity3 in which the RGD sequence was changed to WGD, thus eliminating its capacity to bind to the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin, inhibited @entity0 -stimulated migration by 67 +/- 17%. An IGF analog that has a reduced affinity for @entity4 -stimulated migration equally well as @entity0 alone even in the presence of @entity4 . Likewise, the addition of insulin, which cannot bind to IGFBPs, at supraphysiological concentrations that are adequate to activate the @entity1 resulted in a similar increase in migration. In summary, @entity5 stimulate smooth muscle cell migration after wounding. This migratory response is modulated by IGFBPs. Both @entity3 and @entity4 appear to neutralize the effects of the IGFs by inhibiting their interaction with IGF receptors, but @entity3 also has a direct stimulatory effect that requires an intact RGD integrin recognition sequence.

title: Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding proteins inhibit the smooth muscle cell migration responses to XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: To describe clinical features and outcomes of 26 @entity0 with @entity11 from a single center, we reviewed medical records of consecutive @entity0 with @entity11 evaluated at our facility from January 1, 1998 to December 31, 2013 for clinical features, laboratory and radiographic findings, management, and outcomes. Twenty-six @entity0 met criteria for @entity11 and were included in the study. Median age at diagnosis was 58 years; male-female ratio was 3.3:1.0. Median duration of symptoms was 7 weeks. @entity8 were the most common presenting symptoms. Four @entity0 (15 %) had associated @entity6 . Baseline erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated in 17 (77 %) of 22 @entity0 tested and @entity9 was elevated in 10 (56 %) of 18 @entity0 tested. @entity10 was present in 17 (68 %) @entity0 ; 8 (47 %) of 17 had bilateral @entity10 . Retroperitoneal mass biopsy was performed in 18 (69 %) @entity0 . Two @entity0 had @entity11 classifiable as IgG4-related disease. Therapy consisted of medications alone in 7 cases, surgical interventions alone in 7 cases, and a combination in 11 cases. One @entity0 achieved remission with no treatment. Most @entity0 treated medically received initial @entity2 . @entity7 (1 case), @entity4 (1 case), @entity5 (1 case), and @entity3 (5 cases) were used. No relapses occurred after a median 5-year follow-up. Two (8 %) @entity0 died; five (19 %) developed @entity1 after diagnosis. In this series, we emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and therapy for overall favorable prognosis of @entity11 .

title: XXXX : clinicopathologic features and outcome analysis.

answer: @entity11


abstract: AIMS: To determine whether a particular phenotype or antigen is preferentially related to @entity8 ( @entity8 ). METHODS: Bone marrow specimens from 56 @entity0 with @entity8 were stained immunocytochemically (ABC peroxidase) for @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity9 , and MB2. Specimens from @entity0 recently diagnosed with @entity2 and reactive bone marrow samples were studied in parallel. RESULTS: @entity6 was expressed on all plasma cells from all @entity8 samples tested, while 36% were positive for @entity5 , @entity7 and MB2 were both expressed strongly; @entity3 was moderately expressed, and staining for @entity4 and @entity9 was uncommon. For these five B cell antigens there was no clear difference between their expression in @entity8 and in @entity2 . A great difference was found for @entity1 : in @entity8 this antigen was expressed on 2-91% of plasma cells (mean 35%) and 77% @entity0 had > 10% positive plasma cells; in @entity2 its expression was low and only 12% @entity0 had > 10% positive plasma cells. When these results were converted to numbers of @entity1 positive plasma cells per 100 nucleated bone marrow cells, reactive bone marrow and @entity8 specimens had a similar number of positive plasma cells. There was no correlation between expression of any of the antigens tested. CONCLUSIONS: Many of the so-called pre-B, B or activation antigens are present on plasma cells from @entity8 specimens, and expression of @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity9 , MB2, and @entity6 in @entity8 was very similar to that in @entity2 . @entity5 was frequently expressed in @entity8 . In this series @entity1 was highly expressed in @entity8 but not in @entity2 . Plasma cells bearing this antigen could represent the non-neoplastic process and determination of its expression could be useful for the diagnosis of @entity8 .

title: XXXX and immunophenotype of bone marrow plasma cells in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The technique of percutaneous microneurography was used to record single unit activity from 75 regenerated primary afferents innervating the glabrous skin of the @entity0 hand. Thirteen @entity0 were studied, who had suffered complete transection, with subsequent suture or graft, of the median or ulnar nerves. The recordings were obtained from 7 to 23 months postoperatively (early regeneration). Three types of mechanoreceptive afferents ( @entity1 , SAI, SAII) and many deep units of unknown origin were found. No regenerated PC units could be identified. The reinnervated receptors were predominantly located in the palm and proximal fingers, comparable to those found 3 years or more postoperatively (late regeneration). Response thresholds and in general, discharge and receptive field characteristics of the majority of afferents were largely comparable to late regeneration and normal. The properties of SAII units were like normal in all respects. However, several distinct abnormalities were encountered early during regeneration: multiple receptive fields innervated by a single afferent (2/9 @entity1 and 2/9 SAI), unusually small or large receptive fields ( @entity1 and SAI), pronounced @entity2 on repetitive stimulation (7/15 SAI, 4/6 deep). Responses of reinnervated skin to sustained and repeated indentations were found to be similar to those of normal skin, and therefore, could not account for the abnormal discharge behavior. It is suggested that the transitional properties of regenerating afferents reflect unstable axon-end organ connections and immature axonal properties. Both factors would contribute to the slow course of sensory recovery, making prognosis on tactile recovery unpredictable.

title: Properties of cutaneous mechanosensitive afferents during the early stages of regeneration in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The consequences of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are lifelong and fatal. @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) play an important role in the regulation of vascular structure and function. Our study examined the association between angiopoietin levels and functional outcomes among @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: We enrolled 37 @entity1 @entity0 and 39 controls (matched on age and sex) at the Department of Neurosurgery in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital. Serum @entity5 , @entity3 , and @entity4 levels were collected at 8, 24, and 72 hours post- @entity2 . After a 3-month follow-up period, @entity0 outcomes were evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS). Logistic regression examined the association between angiopoietin levels and outcomes (good [GOS: 4-5] vs. poor [GOS: 1-3]). RESULTS: @entity1 @entity0 had higher levels of @entity5 at 8 hours post- @entity2 compared to controls. Among @entity1 @entity0 , @entity5 levels at 8, 24, and 72 hours post- @entity2 were higher among @entity0 with a good outcome. Compared to @entity0 with low @entity5 levels, high @entity5 levels at 72 hours post- @entity2 were associated with a good outcome. CONCLUSIONS: High @entity5 levels were associated with a good functional outcome after @entity1 . Abnormal angiopoietin levels may disrupt the blood-brain barrier and contribute to functional outcomes in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: High XXXX levels predict a good functional outcome within 72 h of an @entity1 : A prospective study from a single center.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The consequences of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are lifelong and fatal. @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) play an important role in the regulation of vascular structure and function. Our study examined the association between angiopoietin levels and functional outcomes among @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: We enrolled 37 @entity1 @entity0 and 39 controls (matched on age and sex) at the Department of Neurosurgery in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital. Serum @entity5 , @entity3 , and @entity4 levels were collected at 8, 24, and 72 hours post- @entity2 . After a 3-month follow-up period, @entity0 outcomes were evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS). Logistic regression examined the association between angiopoietin levels and outcomes (good [GOS: 4-5] vs. poor [GOS: 1-3]). RESULTS: @entity1 @entity0 had higher levels of @entity5 at 8 hours post- @entity2 compared to controls. Among @entity1 @entity0 , @entity5 levels at 8, 24, and 72 hours post- @entity2 were higher among @entity0 with a good outcome. Compared to @entity0 with low @entity5 levels, high @entity5 levels at 72 hours post- @entity2 were associated with a good outcome. CONCLUSIONS: High @entity5 levels were associated with a good functional outcome after @entity1 . Abnormal angiopoietin levels may disrupt the blood-brain barrier and contribute to functional outcomes in @entity1 @entity0 .

title: High @entity5 levels predict a good functional outcome within 72 h of an XXXX : A prospective study from a single center.

answer: @entity1


abstract: By using the fluorescent @entity1 indicator @entity3 , submicromolar levels of intracellular @entity1 have been detected in @entity8 different stages. The intracellular transport mechanisms involved in maintaining @entity1 homeostasis in @entity8 have been characterized by measuring @entity1 transport in @entity13 -permeabilized cells. Two intracellular @entity2 transport systems have been detected. @entity1 uptake by the mitochondria occurs by an electrophoretic mechanism, is inhibited by @entity11 , @entity14 , and @entity10 red, and stimulated by respiratory substrates, @entity7 and @entity4 . This pool has a high capacity and low affinity for @entity1 and is able to buffer external @entity1 at concentrations in the range of 0.6-0.7 microM. @entity1 uptake by the endoplasmic reticulum is inhibited by high concentrations of @entity12 and anticalmodulin agents, and stimulated by @entity5 . This pool has a low capacity and a high affinity for @entity1 and is able to buffer external @entity1 at concentrations in the range of 0.05-1.0 microM. In addition, calmodulin has been purified from @entity8 epimastigotes and shown to stimulate the homologous plasma membrane @entity1 -ATPase and @entity9 phosphodiesterase. The gene encoding this protein has been cloned and sequenced and shown to have a great homology to @entity0 calmodulin. The role of the plasma membrane of @entity8 in the regulation of [ @entity1 ]i has been studied using @entity3 -loaded epimastigotes or plasma membrane vesicles prepared from epimastigotes. Plasma membrane vesicles transport @entity1 in the presence of @entity6 and have a high affinity, vanadate-sensitive (Ca(2+)-Mg2+)-ATPase with an apparent Km for free @entity1 of 0.3 microM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity2 homeostasis in XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: By using the fluorescent @entity1 indicator @entity3 , submicromolar levels of intracellular @entity1 have been detected in @entity8 different stages. The intracellular transport mechanisms involved in maintaining @entity1 homeostasis in @entity8 have been characterized by measuring @entity1 transport in @entity13 -permeabilized cells. Two intracellular @entity2 transport systems have been detected. @entity1 uptake by the mitochondria occurs by an electrophoretic mechanism, is inhibited by @entity11 , @entity14 , and @entity10 red, and stimulated by respiratory substrates, @entity7 and @entity4 . This pool has a high capacity and low affinity for @entity1 and is able to buffer external @entity1 at concentrations in the range of 0.6-0.7 microM. @entity1 uptake by the endoplasmic reticulum is inhibited by high concentrations of @entity12 and anticalmodulin agents, and stimulated by @entity5 . This pool has a low capacity and a high affinity for @entity1 and is able to buffer external @entity1 at concentrations in the range of 0.05-1.0 microM. In addition, calmodulin has been purified from @entity8 epimastigotes and shown to stimulate the homologous plasma membrane @entity1 -ATPase and @entity9 phosphodiesterase. The gene encoding this protein has been cloned and sequenced and shown to have a great homology to @entity0 calmodulin. The role of the plasma membrane of @entity8 in the regulation of [ @entity1 ]i has been studied using @entity3 -loaded epimastigotes or plasma membrane vesicles prepared from epimastigotes. Plasma membrane vesicles transport @entity1 in the presence of @entity6 and have a high affinity, vanadate-sensitive (Ca(2+)-Mg2+)-ATPase with an apparent Km for free @entity1 of 0.3 microM.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX homeostasis in @entity8 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A high-performance liquid chromatographic technique, using a size exclusion column (TSK-5000PW), has been developed for the quantification of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in @entity2 . Sample preparation requires only a 100-fold dilution of the exudate with @entity3 buffer prior to analysis. Chromatographic conditions are: 0.05 M @entity3 buffer (pH, 5.0) mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, ultraviolet absorbance detection at 200 nm. The method resolves @entity5 from all other glycosaminoglycans. The presence of @entity5 is confirmed by the removal of the @entity5 peak (retention time, approx. 5.3 min) by incubation of a second sample aliquot with hyaluronidase. Effusions of 13 of 14 @entity0 with confirmed @entity4 contained @entity5 in the 0.3 to 11.1 mg/ml range. In only one case was no @entity5 detected. None of the effusions from 56 control @entity0 with various other @entity1 contained detectable @entity5 , i.e., there were no false positives. An unidentified peak, not susceptible to hyaluronidase appeared in 11% (6 of 56) of the controls. A single mesothelioma case was correctly identified in a group of 10 coded samples. It is suggested that an effusion with an @entity5 concentration greater than 0.25 mg/ml, confirmed by hyaluronidase susceptibility, is an indication of the presence of @entity4 . The test is simple and rapid, and it is recommended that any effusion of uncertain etiology be screened for the presence of @entity5 .

title: Hyaluronic acid content of effusions as a diagnostic aid for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Metallothionein, a high @entity2 -containing protein, can bind with both essential and nonessential metals and thus play an important role as a metal storage protein and also in the detoxification of toxic metals. Although in the @entity0 fetus, levels of trace minerals and metallothionein are very high, their postnatal changes are not well documented. The purpose of the present investigation, therefore, was to quantify the accumulation of metallothionein in premature and full-term @entity0 during the first year of life and to identify factors affecting its accumulation. From 47 postmortem samples, it was determined that hepatic metallothionein levels were highest in newborn premature and full-term @entity0 falling to levels found in older @entity0 by 4.4 months of age. Hepatic @entity1 levels were also highest in the youngest @entity0 , falling with increasing postnatal age. There was a significant positive correlation between @entity1 and metallothionein at all ages. However, there was a negative correlation between hepatic metallothionein levels and cystathionase activity. Hepatic @entity3 and metallothionein levels were unrelated. The renal concentration of metallothionein, @entity1 , and @entity3 were significantly lower than corresponding hepatic levels. The fall in hepatic levels of @entity1 and metallothionein during the first months of life correspond to a period of negative @entity1 balance and low endogenous @entity2 production in the newborn. Thus metallothionein may play an important role as a storage depot for these two essential nutrients during this critical period of active growth.

title: Hepatic metallothionein as a source of XXXX and @entity2 during the first year of life.

answer: @entity1