abstract: Hyperinfection in @entity6 has been associated with corticosteroid treatment. Other immunodepressive conditions also seem to facilitate the state of hyperinfection. The etiologic diagnosis of this @entity5 can be difficult to reach and a positive urine microscopy is unusual. We report two @entity0 under corticosteroid therapy with disseminated @entity6 ; both had @entity3 . The first @entity0 , followed for 8 years for @entity4 , recently developed abdominal symptoms. A colonoscopy was performed 1 month before admission and the biopsy was thought to show nonspecific changes. At admission, few larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis were disclosed by urine microscopy, and a review of the colonic biopsy uncovered a few larvae of Strongyloides. The patient received anti-helmintic therapy with a dramatic improvement. The second @entity0 , under treatment for @entity2 for 3 years, was admitted with pulmonary symptoms and during admission developed massive @entity1 . @entity6 was discovered only at autopsy. The low suspicion index for @entity6 resulted in delaying the etiologic diagnosis in one @entity0 and in failing to diagnose the disease in the other. The morphologic features of the parasite in the two cases are presented with emphasis on the difficulties of recognizing the larvae in the intestinal biopsy.

title: Hyperinfection syndrome in XXXX : report of two cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Levels of aromatase, a key enzyme in @entity5 biosynthesis, were assayed in @entity2 tissue sampled from 25 @entity1 with @entity6 . In addition, @entity3 concentrations were compared in normal and altered endometrial tissue from 78 @entity1 suffering uterine @entity2 . Unlike @entity0 , aromatase was not detectable in altered endometrium unless tissue @entity5 could be identified in both normal and @entity2 tissue. Hence, aromatase presence served as an indicator of malignant transformation. Its concentration in samples of uterine tissue varied 0-28.4 fM/mg protein/hr (an average of 12.9(1.7 fM/mg protein/hr). There was hardly any correlation between this level, on the one hand, and menopause and body mass, on the other. Yet, it tended to increase in step with stage of disease and cell differentiation decline. @entity3 concentrations in malignant endometrium in both reproductive and menopausal @entity1 were higher than in macroscopically normal ones, while still cycling @entity1 tended to show higher values than menopausal ones. Although there was no significant difference in @entity3 levels in the altered endomentrium of @entity1 with pathogenetical patterns of uterine @entity2 stage I and II, they did show a direct correlation with clinical stage of @entity2 process and depth of invasion into the underlying myometrium. Hence, unlike @entity5 circulating in blood, those contained in tissue ("intratumor") ones did enhance the @entity4 of @entity6 course. It will be for further investigations to show whether it is due to an @entity5 fraction being carried away by @entity2 from the circulation, or @entity5 being synthesized by aromatase in @entity2 itself.

title: [Tumor tissue aromatase and XXXX levels versus clinical course of @entity6 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Levels of aromatase, a key enzyme in @entity5 biosynthesis, were assayed in @entity2 tissue sampled from 25 @entity1 with @entity6 . In addition, @entity3 concentrations were compared in normal and altered endometrial tissue from 78 @entity1 suffering uterine @entity2 . Unlike @entity0 , aromatase was not detectable in altered endometrium unless tissue @entity5 could be identified in both normal and @entity2 tissue. Hence, aromatase presence served as an indicator of malignant transformation. Its concentration in samples of uterine tissue varied 0-28.4 fM/mg protein/hr (an average of 12.9(1.7 fM/mg protein/hr). There was hardly any correlation between this level, on the one hand, and menopause and body mass, on the other. Yet, it tended to increase in step with stage of disease and cell differentiation decline. @entity3 concentrations in malignant endometrium in both reproductive and menopausal @entity1 were higher than in macroscopically normal ones, while still cycling @entity1 tended to show higher values than menopausal ones. Although there was no significant difference in @entity3 levels in the altered endomentrium of @entity1 with pathogenetical patterns of uterine @entity2 stage I and II, they did show a direct correlation with clinical stage of @entity2 process and depth of invasion into the underlying myometrium. Hence, unlike @entity5 circulating in blood, those contained in tissue ("intratumor") ones did enhance the @entity4 of @entity6 course. It will be for further investigations to show whether it is due to an @entity5 fraction being carried away by @entity2 from the circulation, or @entity5 being synthesized by aromatase in @entity2 itself.

title: [Tumor tissue aromatase and @entity5 levels versus clinical course of XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the shift of our healthcare system toward a value-based system of reimbursement, complications such as surgical site infections (SSI) may not be reimbursed. The purpose of our study was to investigate the costs and risk factors of SSI for orthopedic @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: Through retrospective analysis, 1819 @entity0 with @entity2 were identified. Of those, 78 @entity0 who developed SSIs were compared to 78 uninfected control @entity0 . @entity0 were matched by @entity2 location, type of @entity2 , duration of surgery, and as close as possible to age, year of surgery, and type of procedure. Costs for treatment during primary hospitalization and initial readmission were determined and potential risk factors were collected from @entity0 charts. A Wilcoxon test was used to compare the overall costs of treatment for case and control @entity0 . Costs were further broken down into professional fees and technical charges for analysis. Risk factors for SSIs were analyzed through a chi-squared analysis. RESULTS: Median cost for treatment for @entity0 with SSIs was  108,782 compared to  57,418 for uninfected @entity0 (p  <  0.001). Professional fees and technical charges were found to be significantly higher for infected @entity0 . No significant risk factors for SSIs were determined. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate the potential for financial losses in our new healthcare system due to uncompensated care. SSIs nearly double the cost of treatment for orthopedic @entity1 @entity0 . There is no single driver of these costs. Reducing postoperative stay may be one method for reducing the cost of treating SSIs, whereas quality management programs may decrease risk of @entity3 .

title: @entity3 in orthopedic XXXX : A case-control study evaluating risk factors and cost.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: With the shift of our healthcare system toward a value-based system of reimbursement, complications such as surgical site infections (SSI) may not be reimbursed. The purpose of our study was to investigate the costs and risk factors of SSI for orthopedic @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: Through retrospective analysis, 1819 @entity0 with @entity2 were identified. Of those, 78 @entity0 who developed SSIs were compared to 78 uninfected control @entity0 . @entity0 were matched by @entity2 location, type of @entity2 , duration of surgery, and as close as possible to age, year of surgery, and type of procedure. Costs for treatment during primary hospitalization and initial readmission were determined and potential risk factors were collected from @entity0 charts. A Wilcoxon test was used to compare the overall costs of treatment for case and control @entity0 . Costs were further broken down into professional fees and technical charges for analysis. Risk factors for SSIs were analyzed through a chi-squared analysis. RESULTS: Median cost for treatment for @entity0 with SSIs was  108,782 compared to  57,418 for uninfected @entity0 (p  <  0.001). Professional fees and technical charges were found to be significantly higher for infected @entity0 . No significant risk factors for SSIs were determined. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate the potential for financial losses in our new healthcare system due to uncompensated care. SSIs nearly double the cost of treatment for orthopedic @entity1 @entity0 . There is no single driver of these costs. Reducing postoperative stay may be one method for reducing the cost of treating SSIs, whereas quality management programs may decrease risk of @entity3 .

title: XXXX in orthopedic @entity1 : A case-control study evaluating risk factors and cost.

answer: @entity3


abstract: DESIGN: The aim of our study was to established possible a correlation between Holter blood pressure measurements and BP levels measured incidentally by the medical personnel. We also tried to evaluate usefulness of ABPM in monitoring intensification of the @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was performed on 57 pregnant @entity0 where @entity2 were complicated by @entity1 (PIH or chronic @entity1 ). All @entity0 were divided into four groups conforming with JNC VI protocol according to BP level measured in the time of the admission to hospital. Therefore circadian blood pressure profile was done by using ABPM SpaceLab device. After that BP load indicator was estimated in each group to assess intensification of the disease. However, we compared those results between groups by using t-Student test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: We qualified 22 @entity0 to group 0 with SBP = 129,45 + 6.31 mmHg and @entity3 = 80.59 + 5.45 mmHg in the time of admission. There were 21 pregnant @entity0 with mild @entity1 (group I SBP = 144,14 + 7.32 mmHg, @entity3 = 93.14 + 4.52 mmHg), moderate (group II, N = 8 with SBP = 153,88 + 5.54 mmHg and @entity3 = 101,34 + 3.78 mmHg) and severe @entity1 (group III, N = 6 with SBP = 175,83 + 33.23 mmHg, @entity3 = 121 + 11.92 mmHg). BP load value measured in group 0 was 14.57 + 21.3% of SBP and 13.92 + 22.99% of @entity3 inappropriate results. In group I was found SBP 24.91 + 30.3%, @entity3 23.12 + 26.01%, group II SBP 38.11 + 33.66%, @entity3 26.31 + 22.75% and in group III SBP 59.3 + 38.76% and @entity3 61.37 + 35.72%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Only between the group with normal blood pressure and the group with severe @entity1 the obtained results were statistically significant (p < 0.05). We've also found a statistical correlation between BP values measured in the time of admission to the hospital and BP load indices in each group.

title: [Assessment of high blood pressure in 24-hours Holter records in XXXX pregnant @entity0 ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: DESIGN: The aim of our study was to established possible a correlation between Holter blood pressure measurements and BP levels measured incidentally by the medical personnel. We also tried to evaluate usefulness of ABPM in monitoring intensification of the @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research was performed on 57 pregnant @entity0 where @entity2 were complicated by @entity1 (PIH or chronic @entity1 ). All @entity0 were divided into four groups conforming with JNC VI protocol according to BP level measured in the time of the admission to hospital. Therefore circadian blood pressure profile was done by using ABPM SpaceLab device. After that BP load indicator was estimated in each group to assess intensification of the disease. However, we compared those results between groups by using t-Student test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: We qualified 22 @entity0 to group 0 with SBP = 129,45 + 6.31 mmHg and @entity3 = 80.59 + 5.45 mmHg in the time of admission. There were 21 pregnant @entity0 with mild @entity1 (group I SBP = 144,14 + 7.32 mmHg, @entity3 = 93.14 + 4.52 mmHg), moderate (group II, N = 8 with SBP = 153,88 + 5.54 mmHg and @entity3 = 101,34 + 3.78 mmHg) and severe @entity1 (group III, N = 6 with SBP = 175,83 + 33.23 mmHg, @entity3 = 121 + 11.92 mmHg). BP load value measured in group 0 was 14.57 + 21.3% of SBP and 13.92 + 22.99% of @entity3 inappropriate results. In group I was found SBP 24.91 + 30.3%, @entity3 23.12 + 26.01%, group II SBP 38.11 + 33.66%, @entity3 26.31 + 22.75% and in group III SBP 59.3 + 38.76% and @entity3 61.37 + 35.72%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Only between the group with normal blood pressure and the group with severe @entity1 the obtained results were statistically significant (p < 0.05). We've also found a statistical correlation between BP values measured in the time of admission to the hospital and BP load indices in each group.

title: [Assessment of high blood pressure in 24-hours Holter records in @entity1 pregnant XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is characterized as an extra-nodal @entity7 which develops from the neuraxis. The purpose was to report a case of a @entity0 with a supra-tentorial @entity2 who underwent subtotal resection of his @entity2 as his biopsy was not indicative of a @entity5 and had uneventful recovery until his last follow-up. A 42-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our department for generalized @entity4 . CT and MRI examinations revealed a @entity2 in his right parietal-occipital lobe that was surrounded by @entity1 and was enhancing after @entity8 administration. The @entity0 underwent a navigation-assisted parieto-occipital craniotomy and posterior parietal transcortical approach for @entity2 biopsy which was not indicative of @entity5 . The surgical team decided to remove the @entity2 on site. Histological analysis of the resected specimen showed primary diffuse large @entity6 . Combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy was applied to the @entity0 , and at his last follow-up (16 months), he is @entity2 free. In our case as in several other studies during the last decade, the outcome after the surgical resection of a @entity5 in combination to radiation and chemotherapy was unexpectedly good. The role of surgery probably should be reconsidered for single lesion @entity5 .

title: Primary Diffuse Large XXXX of Central Nervous System: Is Still Surgery an Unorthodox Treatment?

answer: @entity6


abstract: We have shown previously (A. Sobel and A. H. Tashjian, Jr. (1983). J. Biol. Chem. 258, 10,312-10,324;A. Sobel and M.C. Boutterin (1985). Neurochem. Int. 7, 995-1006) that, in the pituitary-derived @entity2 cells, @entity4 or the @entity0 promoter TPA ( @entity3 ) stimulates the phosphorylation of two sets of cytoplasmic proteins related to the regulation of prolactin synthesis and release, respectively. Interestingly, phosphoproteins with identical electrophoretic migration properties on two-dimensional gels were detected in cultured neonate or adult @entity1 muscle cells and in the L6 and C2 myogenic cell lines. In addition TPA, which is known to have many actions on muscle cell functions, proliferation, and differentiation, stimulated the phosphorylation of these same proteins in myoblasts in culture. After fusion of the proliferating myoblasts into differentiated myotubes, this TPA-induced stimulation was strongly reduced in normal muscle cell cultures where some mononucleate muscle and non-muscle cells remained present. It was totally abolished in the homogeneous L6 and C2 cell lines. These observations suggest that the same phosphoproteins may be related to the intracellular mechanisms involved in the transduction of extracellular regulatory signals in such distinct differentiated environments as those of pituitary and muscle cells. In muscle cells themselves, the regulation of the phosphorylation of these proteins is function of the cell's state of differentiation.

title: Protein phosphorylation in response to the XXXX promoter TPA is dependent on the state of differentiation of muscle cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The prevalence of pressure @entity2 among permanent wheelchair users remains high. While many risk factors for pressure ulcer development in this group have been identified only a minority of these have been evaluated scientifically and it is generally acknowledged that existing risk assessment tools are inadequate for predicting risk in seated @entity0 who use a wheelchair for mobility. A 2-year prospective study is underway to design a new self-administered pressure ulcer risk indicator to be used by non-ambulant wheelchair users and their carers in conjunction with professionals. This instrument will be designed as a result of triangulation of methods. A systematic review of available evidence Latest professional opinion A qualitative study exploring the issues from the perspective of seated @entity0 with a history of pressure @entity2 (n = 10) undertaken by one of the authors (JW) A 2-year prospective study identifying key risk factors in a sample of 160 seated @entity0 . This paper offers an insight into the findings on the recruitment of the 160 individuals into the prospective study, which is currently collecting a large amount of data on the health, degree of disability and integrity of skin of all the @entity0 . The paper offers an overview of the medical diagnosis, degree of @entity1 , issues pertaining to continence and prevalence of pressure @entity2 in this group on recruitment. Early findings suggest that the new risk indicator should include measures of degree of @entity1 and ability to transfer as an integral part of self-assessment and therefore prevention of pressure @entity2 . The study was due for completion in the autumn of 2002. It is envisaged that early work on the development of the tool should be complete by the summer of 2003.

title: Preventing pressure XXXX among wheelchair users: preliminary comments on the development of a self-administered risk assessment tool.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity6 proteins (HSPs) are an important family of endogenous, protective proteins that are found in all tissues. In the heart, @entity11 , the inducible form of @entity7 , has been the most intensely studied. It is well established that @entity11 is induced with @entity2 and is cardioprotective. Overexpression of other HSPs also is protective against @entity5 . Recently, we observed that @entity1 increases levels of HSPs in male @entity0 cardiac myocytes. We hypothesized that there were gender differences in @entity11 expression in the heart secondary to @entity4 . To test this hypothesis, we examined cardiac levels of @entity11 by ELISA in male and female @entity0 . In addition, three other HSPs were assessed by Western blot ( @entity10 , @entity9 , and @entity8 ). To determine whether @entity4 status affected @entity11 expression in other muscles or tissues, two other muscle tissues, slow twitch muscle (soleus muscle) and fast twitch muscle (gastrocnemius muscle), were studied as well as two other organs, the kidney and liver. Because @entity11 is cardioprotective, and females are known to have less @entity3 premenopause, the effects of ovariectomy were examined. We report that female @entity0 hearts have twice as much @entity11 as male hearts. Ovariectomy reduced the level of @entity11 in female hearts, and this could be prevented by @entity4 replacement therapy. These data show that the expression of cardiac @entity11 is greater in female @entity0 than in male @entity0 , due to upregulation by @entity4 .

title: Gender differences in the expression of @entity6 proteins: the effect of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The @entity6 proteins (HSPs) are an important family of endogenous, protective proteins that are found in all tissues. In the heart, @entity11 , the inducible form of @entity7 , has been the most intensely studied. It is well established that @entity11 is induced with @entity2 and is cardioprotective. Overexpression of other HSPs also is protective against @entity5 . Recently, we observed that @entity1 increases levels of HSPs in male @entity0 cardiac myocytes. We hypothesized that there were gender differences in @entity11 expression in the heart secondary to @entity4 . To test this hypothesis, we examined cardiac levels of @entity11 by ELISA in male and female @entity0 . In addition, three other HSPs were assessed by Western blot ( @entity10 , @entity9 , and @entity8 ). To determine whether @entity4 status affected @entity11 expression in other muscles or tissues, two other muscle tissues, slow twitch muscle (soleus muscle) and fast twitch muscle (gastrocnemius muscle), were studied as well as two other organs, the kidney and liver. Because @entity11 is cardioprotective, and females are known to have less @entity3 premenopause, the effects of ovariectomy were examined. We report that female @entity0 hearts have twice as much @entity11 as male hearts. Ovariectomy reduced the level of @entity11 in female hearts, and this could be prevented by @entity4 replacement therapy. These data show that the expression of cardiac @entity11 is greater in female @entity0 than in male @entity0 , due to upregulation by @entity4 .

title: Gender differences in the expression of XXXX proteins: the effect of @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: A major controversy in the treatment of the @entity13 ( @entity13 ) is the role of @entity5 , which may attenuate permeability as well as pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Empirically @entity16 (MP) in high doses (30 mg/kg) has been "the @entity8 of choice" in clinical practice. By autoradiography MP has been shown to penetrate more easily into lung tissue than other @entity5 tested. MP prevented the late phase increase in lung vascular permeability to endotoxin in @entity14 , whereas the inhibition of the pulmonary @entity3 response was far less pronounced. In @entity0 septic @entity13 MP reduced both PVR and the increased vascular permeability. However, a few @entity0 characterized by more severe @entity13 did not respond to MP. There is some evidence that @entity5 may modulate both pre- and postcapillary vasomotion in the lungs. MP was found to inhibit pulmonary venoconstriction as well as pulmonary erythrocyte sludging in @entity6 @entity10 . @entity18 induced @entity1 also appears to be attenuated by MP. This effect is partly due to a lowering of hydrostatic pressure in the lung capillaries, because @entity12 the downstream resistance increase. @entity9 pulmonary vasoconstriction has predominantly a precapillary localisation. MP inhibits @entity9 vasoconstriction in a dose-dependent fashion in isolated @entity2 lungs, but does not cause a general dampening of vascular reactivity, as the pulmonary constrictor response to @entity17 is unchanged. However, MP inhibits @entity4 -induced vasoconstriction in isolated @entity6 lung lobes. The increased vascular resistance in atelectatic lungs is also inhibited by MP. @entity7 may alter the reaction of the pulmonary vasculature to various stimuli or agents by influencing the release of mediators, for instance, the cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase products of @entity15 , modulate the action of mediators, reducing the activation of leukocytes and/or platelets, or changing the state of the pulmonary vascular muscle cells. Which mechanisms are active in the various situations are at present objects of pure speculation. However, in most situations with @entity13 a @entity11 and PVR may be regarded as beneficial.

title: Effects of high-dose XXXX on the pulmonary circulation.

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: To test fidelity and preliminary efficacy of Tele-Savvy, an internet-based version of the in- @entity0 , evidence-based psychoeducation Savvy Caregiver Program (SCP) for @entity3 caregivers. Tele-Savvy used synchronous (tele-conferences) and asynchronous components (video modules) to provide program access to caregivers in their homes. DESIGN AND METHODS: SCP experts were surveyed to evaluate Tele-Savvy's fidelity to SCP. A convenience sample of 30 @entity3 caregivers from the Atlanta VA Medical Center enrolled in the Tele-Savvy clinical demonstration program. Twenty-two caregivers completed both pre- and postprogram evaluations, which included measures of caregiver stress and competence and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). RESULTS: Expert review confirmed Tele-Savvy's fidelity with and, in certain domains, improvement on the original. @entity0 demonstrated moderately high initial levels of burden, @entity2 , and depressive symptoms all of which decreased significantly postprogram in an intention to treat analysis. Similar reductions were seen in care recipients' @entity1 and caregivers' reactions to them. Marginally significant increases in caregiver competence were observed. Caregiver and expert panel evaluations of program quality were enthusiastic. IMPLICATIONS: An effective online caregiver psychoeducation program could provide greatly expanded access for caregivers who cannot attend in @entity0 for reasons of distance, transportation limitations, and caregiving responsibilities. Further testing in a controlled trial is needed to establish program efficacy.

title: Development and Implementation of Tele-Savvy for XXXX Caregivers: A Department of Veterans Affairs Clinical Demonstration Project.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Among different technological variables that influence drug release from hydrophilic matrices, different proportions of the polymer and a water-soluble excipient have been used to control the drug release properties. These variables were used to modify the drug release rate and to examine its effect on the mechanism controlling the process. Tablets of the model drug @entity0 (4-AP) were prepared varying the matrix proportion of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and @entity2 (CA). The matrices release behavior (USP apparatus 2, paddle, at 50 rpm) was examined using 0.1N @entity4 and 0.2M @entity1 buffer as dissolution media. Dissolution curves were described by M(t)/M(inf)=kt(n), applied separately for each dissolution medium. The increase of the HPMC matrix content reduced the release rate of the drug. The release mechanism showed a linear trend toward higher n values with a continuous reduction of drug release. The addition of increasing proportions of CA produced the opposite. An increasing drug release rate produced logarithmic decreasing n values. The results demonstrate, as a general rule, that every restriction of the drug release rate is associated with increasing values of the mechanism-indicating exponent n. This relationship means a logarithmic movement away from a release mechanism controlled by diffusion toward a mechanism controlled by relaxation, @entity3 and dissolution of the polymeric matrix as the drug release rate is restricted. These results are attributed to an increasing hydration and dissolution of the polymeric matrix, as the drug release is subject to limitation.

title: Effect of varying the restriction degree of XXXX release from HPMC matrices on the mechanism controlling the process.

answer: @entity0


abstract: This is a retrospective analysis of 148 @entity0 with histologically proven @entity2 , treated with irradiation. All @entity0 received external irradiation with @entity7 60 followed by intracavitary radium application. The median age was 55 years. @entity6 was found in 96.5% of the cases. The 8-year actuarial survival rate was 41%. Bilateral parametrial invasion proved to be a strong prognostic factor. @entity0 with @entity3 had a survival rate of 43% whereas in those with bilateral involvement it was only 15% (P less than 0.005). The total pelvic failure rate was 29.5%. The overall incidence of distant @entity1 was 11%. The complication rate (minor and major complications) was high, with @entity5 (22.5%), @entity9 (21.5%), @entity8 (13.5%), and fistulae (4%) occurring in 33, 32, 20, and 6 @entity0 , respectively. New treatment modalities are urgently needed for advanced @entity4 . Bilateral parametrial involvement is an unfavorable prognostic factor and this should be kept in mind when designing new protocols.

title: The treatment of XXXX of the uterine cervix with telecobalt irradiation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: The purpose of the present study was to study the influence of external axillary compression dressing with immobilisation of the ipsilateral shoulder after @entity3 ( @entity3 ) on postoperative axillary drainage. METHODS: One hundred consecutive @entity1 with @entity0 undergoing @entity3 were enrolled in this study. They were allowed free shoulder movement and were compared with a matched historical control group of 60 @entity1 , in whom the ipsilateral arm was immobilised for four days. For all @entity1 the amount of drainage was recorded each postoperative day until drain removal. Prognostic data on drainage amounts and duration were gathered from all @entity1 . Complications were recorded. RESULTS: Hospital stay was the only statistically significant difference between the two groups, it was prolonged for @entity1 with immobilisation of the arm. The parameters found to influence the drain production with a statistically significant difference were body mass index and the removal of more than 10 lymph nodes. @entity2 were similar in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: External compression dressing of the axillary cavity with immobilisation of the ipsilateral arm has no impact on the postoperative drainage volume and duration. It is associated with adverse effects, such as discomfort, prolonged hospital stay and shoulder stiffness.

title: Axillary lymphadenectomy for XXXX - the influence of shoulder mobilisation on lymphatic drainage.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the false negative sentinel node procedures in @entity1 with @entity0 at our institution. METHODS: A total of 606 sentinel node biopsies were performed on 599 clinical N0 @entity0 @entity1 between January 1997 and November 2001. RESULTS: The axillary sentinel node revealed @entity2 in 204 (36.1%) of the 565 @entity1 in whom it was identified and was false negative in eight @entity1 . Two false negative results came to light by confirmatory axillary lymph node dissection during the learning phase. Tumour-positive lymph nodes were incidentally found in the axillary tail of the simple mastectomy specimen in two @entity1 . Excision of a firm, non-radioactive, unstained but @entity3 -positive non-sentinel node occurred in three other @entity1 . One @entity1 developed an axillary recurrence 22 months postoperatively. Presumptive causes were surgical delay, pathological sampling error and @entity3 blocking. CONCLUSION: Intra-operative palpation of the axilla to identify suspicious lymph nodes is recommended. In a two-day protocol, surgery should be performed first thing in the morning. Seven slices of 50-150-micro m strike an acceptable balance between sensitivity and work load for the pathologist.

title: Eight false negative sentinel node procedures in XXXX : what went wrong?

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic post-traumatic @entity1 (PTH) is one of the most common symptoms of mild @entity4 (mTBI) but its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Inflammatory degranulation of dural mast cells (MCs) is thought to promote @entity1 , and may play a role in PTH. Whether mTBI is associated with persistent degranulation of dural MCs is yet to be determined. METHODS: Histochemistry was used to evaluate time course changes in dural MC density and degranulation level in concussive @entity6 and blast @entity2 models of mTBI. The effects of @entity8 and the MC stabilizer cromolyn @entity7 on concussion-evoked dural MC degranulation were also investigated. RESULTS: Concussive @entity6 evoked persistent MC degranulation for at least 30 days. Blast @entity3 gave rise to a delayed MC degranulation response commencing at seven days that also persisted for at least 30 days. Neither @entity8 nor cromolyn treatment reduced concussion-evoked persistent MC degranulation. CONCLUSIONS: mTBI evoked by closed @entity6 or blast exposure is associated with persistent dural MC degranulation. Such a response in mTBI @entity0 may contribute to PTH. Amelioration of PTH by @entity8 may not involve @entity5 . If persistent dural MC degranulation contributes to PTH, then cromolyn treatment may not be effective.

title: Responses of dural mast cells in concussive and blast models of mild XXXX in @entity2 : Potential implications for post-traumatic @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic post-traumatic @entity1 (PTH) is one of the most common symptoms of mild @entity4 (mTBI) but its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Inflammatory degranulation of dural mast cells (MCs) is thought to promote @entity1 , and may play a role in PTH. Whether mTBI is associated with persistent degranulation of dural MCs is yet to be determined. METHODS: Histochemistry was used to evaluate time course changes in dural MC density and degranulation level in concussive @entity6 and blast @entity2 models of mTBI. The effects of @entity8 and the MC stabilizer cromolyn @entity7 on concussion-evoked dural MC degranulation were also investigated. RESULTS: Concussive @entity6 evoked persistent MC degranulation for at least 30 days. Blast @entity3 gave rise to a delayed MC degranulation response commencing at seven days that also persisted for at least 30 days. Neither @entity8 nor cromolyn treatment reduced concussion-evoked persistent MC degranulation. CONCLUSIONS: mTBI evoked by closed @entity6 or blast exposure is associated with persistent dural MC degranulation. Such a response in mTBI @entity0 may contribute to PTH. Amelioration of PTH by @entity8 may not involve @entity5 . If persistent dural MC degranulation contributes to PTH, then cromolyn treatment may not be effective.

title: Responses of dural mast cells in concussive and blast models of mild @entity4 in @entity2 : Potential implications for post-traumatic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Chronic post-traumatic @entity1 (PTH) is one of the most common symptoms of mild @entity4 (mTBI) but its underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Inflammatory degranulation of dural mast cells (MCs) is thought to promote @entity1 , and may play a role in PTH. Whether mTBI is associated with persistent degranulation of dural MCs is yet to be determined. METHODS: Histochemistry was used to evaluate time course changes in dural MC density and degranulation level in concussive @entity6 and blast @entity2 models of mTBI. The effects of @entity8 and the MC stabilizer cromolyn @entity7 on concussion-evoked dural MC degranulation were also investigated. RESULTS: Concussive @entity6 evoked persistent MC degranulation for at least 30 days. Blast @entity3 gave rise to a delayed MC degranulation response commencing at seven days that also persisted for at least 30 days. Neither @entity8 nor cromolyn treatment reduced concussion-evoked persistent MC degranulation. CONCLUSIONS: mTBI evoked by closed @entity6 or blast exposure is associated with persistent dural MC degranulation. Such a response in mTBI @entity0 may contribute to PTH. Amelioration of PTH by @entity8 may not involve @entity5 . If persistent dural MC degranulation contributes to PTH, then cromolyn treatment may not be effective.

title: Responses of dural mast cells in concussive and blast models of mild @entity4 in XXXX : Potential implications for post-traumatic @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common diseases such as @entity6 , @entity3 , and @entity2 are etiologically complex with multiple risk factors (e.g., environment, genetic, lifestyle). These risk factors tend to cluster in families, making families an important social context for intervention and lifestyle-focused disease prevention. The Families Sharing Health Assessment and Risk Evaluation (SHARE) workbook was designed as an educational tool outlining family health history based risk of @entity6 , @entity5 2 @entity3 , @entity0 , and @entity4 . The current paper describes the steps taken to develop and evaluate the workbook employing a user-centered design approach. METHODS: The workbook was developed in four steps, culminating in an evaluation focusing on understanding and usability of the tool. The evaluation was based on two Phases of data collected from a sample of mothers of young @entity1 in the Washington, D.C., area. A baseline assessment and follow-up approximately two weeks after receipt of the workbook were conducted, as well as focus groups with @entity1 . The design of the workbook was refined in response to @entity1 feedback from the first evaluation Phase and subsequently re-evaluated with a new sample. RESULTS: After incorporating user-based feedback and revising the workbook, Phase 2 evaluation results indicated that understanding of the workbook components improved for all sections (from 6.26  to 6.81 on a 7-point scale). In addition, 100  % of users were able to use the algorithm to assess their disease risk and over 60  % used the algorithm to assess family members' disease risk. At follow-up, confidence to increase fruit, vegetable and fiber intake improved significantly, as well. CONCLUSIONS: The Families SHARE workbook was developed and evaluated resulting in a family health history tool that is both understandable and usable by key stakeholders. This educational tool will be used in intervention studies assessing the effectiveness of family genomics health educators who use the Families SHARE workbook to disseminate family risk information and encourage risk reducing behaviors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01498276 . Registered 21 December 2011.

title: Evaluation of the Families SHARE workbook: an educational tool outlining disease risk and healthy guidelines to reduce risk of @entity6 , @entity3 , XXXX and @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common diseases such as @entity6 , @entity3 , and @entity2 are etiologically complex with multiple risk factors (e.g., environment, genetic, lifestyle). These risk factors tend to cluster in families, making families an important social context for intervention and lifestyle-focused disease prevention. The Families Sharing Health Assessment and Risk Evaluation (SHARE) workbook was designed as an educational tool outlining family health history based risk of @entity6 , @entity5 2 @entity3 , @entity0 , and @entity4 . The current paper describes the steps taken to develop and evaluate the workbook employing a user-centered design approach. METHODS: The workbook was developed in four steps, culminating in an evaluation focusing on understanding and usability of the tool. The evaluation was based on two Phases of data collected from a sample of mothers of young @entity1 in the Washington, D.C., area. A baseline assessment and follow-up approximately two weeks after receipt of the workbook were conducted, as well as focus groups with @entity1 . The design of the workbook was refined in response to @entity1 feedback from the first evaluation Phase and subsequently re-evaluated with a new sample. RESULTS: After incorporating user-based feedback and revising the workbook, Phase 2 evaluation results indicated that understanding of the workbook components improved for all sections (from 6.26  to 6.81 on a 7-point scale). In addition, 100  % of users were able to use the algorithm to assess their disease risk and over 60  % used the algorithm to assess family members' disease risk. At follow-up, confidence to increase fruit, vegetable and fiber intake improved significantly, as well. CONCLUSIONS: The Families SHARE workbook was developed and evaluated resulting in a family health history tool that is both understandable and usable by key stakeholders. This educational tool will be used in intervention studies assessing the effectiveness of family genomics health educators who use the Families SHARE workbook to disseminate family risk information and encourage risk reducing behaviors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01498276 . Registered 21 December 2011.

title: Evaluation of the Families SHARE workbook: an educational tool outlining disease risk and healthy guidelines to reduce risk of @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity0 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common diseases such as @entity6 , @entity3 , and @entity2 are etiologically complex with multiple risk factors (e.g., environment, genetic, lifestyle). These risk factors tend to cluster in families, making families an important social context for intervention and lifestyle-focused disease prevention. The Families Sharing Health Assessment and Risk Evaluation (SHARE) workbook was designed as an educational tool outlining family health history based risk of @entity6 , @entity5 2 @entity3 , @entity0 , and @entity4 . The current paper describes the steps taken to develop and evaluate the workbook employing a user-centered design approach. METHODS: The workbook was developed in four steps, culminating in an evaluation focusing on understanding and usability of the tool. The evaluation was based on two Phases of data collected from a sample of mothers of young @entity1 in the Washington, D.C., area. A baseline assessment and follow-up approximately two weeks after receipt of the workbook were conducted, as well as focus groups with @entity1 . The design of the workbook was refined in response to @entity1 feedback from the first evaluation Phase and subsequently re-evaluated with a new sample. RESULTS: After incorporating user-based feedback and revising the workbook, Phase 2 evaluation results indicated that understanding of the workbook components improved for all sections (from 6.26  to 6.81 on a 7-point scale). In addition, 100  % of users were able to use the algorithm to assess their disease risk and over 60  % used the algorithm to assess family members' disease risk. At follow-up, confidence to increase fruit, vegetable and fiber intake improved significantly, as well. CONCLUSIONS: The Families SHARE workbook was developed and evaluated resulting in a family health history tool that is both understandable and usable by key stakeholders. This educational tool will be used in intervention studies assessing the effectiveness of family genomics health educators who use the Families SHARE workbook to disseminate family risk information and encourage risk reducing behaviors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01498276 . Registered 21 December 2011.

title: Evaluation of the Families SHARE workbook: an educational tool outlining disease risk and healthy guidelines to reduce risk of XXXX , @entity3 , @entity0 and @entity4 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common diseases such as @entity6 , @entity3 , and @entity2 are etiologically complex with multiple risk factors (e.g., environment, genetic, lifestyle). These risk factors tend to cluster in families, making families an important social context for intervention and lifestyle-focused disease prevention. The Families Sharing Health Assessment and Risk Evaluation (SHARE) workbook was designed as an educational tool outlining family health history based risk of @entity6 , @entity5 2 @entity3 , @entity0 , and @entity4 . The current paper describes the steps taken to develop and evaluate the workbook employing a user-centered design approach. METHODS: The workbook was developed in four steps, culminating in an evaluation focusing on understanding and usability of the tool. The evaluation was based on two Phases of data collected from a sample of mothers of young @entity1 in the Washington, D.C., area. A baseline assessment and follow-up approximately two weeks after receipt of the workbook were conducted, as well as focus groups with @entity1 . The design of the workbook was refined in response to @entity1 feedback from the first evaluation Phase and subsequently re-evaluated with a new sample. RESULTS: After incorporating user-based feedback and revising the workbook, Phase 2 evaluation results indicated that understanding of the workbook components improved for all sections (from 6.26  to 6.81 on a 7-point scale). In addition, 100  % of users were able to use the algorithm to assess their disease risk and over 60  % used the algorithm to assess family members' disease risk. At follow-up, confidence to increase fruit, vegetable and fiber intake improved significantly, as well. CONCLUSIONS: The Families SHARE workbook was developed and evaluated resulting in a family health history tool that is both understandable and usable by key stakeholders. This educational tool will be used in intervention studies assessing the effectiveness of family genomics health educators who use the Families SHARE workbook to disseminate family risk information and encourage risk reducing behaviors. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01498276 . Registered 21 December 2011.

title: Evaluation of the Families SHARE workbook: an educational tool outlining disease risk and healthy guidelines to reduce risk of @entity6 , XXXX , @entity0 and @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To describe the occurrence of spontaneous rupture of the lens capsule in @entity0 with hypermature @entity2 . STUDY DESIGN: Consecutive case series. METHODS: The records of @entity0 with hypermature @entity2 and spontaneous capsular dehiscence seen and managed at a tertiary eye care centre between August 2012 and August 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: 10 eyes of 10 @entity0 were identified. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was limited to light perception in all @entity0 . Three eyes had anterior dislocation of the nucleus, two had @entity5 and in five the nucleus was presumed to have absorbed. Eight eyes (80%) demonstrated both anterior and posterior capsular tears and five eyes (50%) showed calcification spots in the capsule remnants. Other features at presentation included @entity1 (two eyes), vitritis (four eyes), raised intraocular pressure (one eye) and hypopyon (one eye). Removal of the nucleus through anterior (three eyes) or posterior route (two eyes) was carried out in all @entity0 with dislocated nucleus. Intraocular lens could be implanted in seven eyes (70%) and they had a final BCVA ranging from 6/18 to 6/36. CONCLUSION: Spontaneous lens capsule rupture can occur in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and result in anterior or @entity5 of the nucleus or spontaneous resorption with or without an accompanying inflammatory reaction of varying severity. An acceptable visual outcome can be obtained, except in the presence of associated @entity3 or @entity4 .

title: Spontaneous rupture of the lens capsule in hypermature XXXX : presentations and outcomes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the clinical and microbiological profile of @entity3 caused by Corynebacterium spp. METHODS: The medical and microbiology records of 22 @entity0 , who had presented at the L V Prasad Eye Institute, Bhubaneswar, between June 2009 and December 2012, and whose corneal scrapings had yielded significant growth of Corynebacterium spp, were retrospectively reviewed. A detailed ocular examination was performed before the respective corneal scraping was sent for a microbiological work-up. The data collected from each record included age, gender, predisposing factors (ocular and systemic), clinical presentation, management and outcome of treatment. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity0 was 43.8  24.4   years. Ocular predisposing factor was present in 14 (63.6%) eyes. Surgical intervention was required in 12 (54.5%) @entity0 . In vitro susceptibility (Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method) results of Corynebacterium spp to @entity4 (17/19, 89.5%), @entity8 (16/20, 80%), @entity6 (11/20, 55%), @entity2 (13/19, 68.4%), @entity5 (10/20, 50%) and @entity7 (10/19, 52.6%) were variable. Drug resistance (more than one drug) was seen in nine (40.9%) Corynebacterium isolates, of which, two (22.2%) showed multidrug resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics. CONCLUSIONS: Corynebacteria can cause severe @entity1 requiring surgical intervention.

title: Corynebacterium spp as causative agents of microbial XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: A decade ago we proposed to enlist for transplantation those @entity0 with resected @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in whom pathology registered pejorative histological markers (microvascular invasion and/or satellites) (ab initio indication) and not wait for the appearance of recurrence. This study evaluates the outcome of this approach. METHODS: From 1995 to 2012, 164 @entity0 with @entity2 underwent resection. Eighty-five @entity0 were potential candidates to liver transplantation (LT) and were considered for it upon detection of pejorative histological markers. @entity0 without these markers were followed and salvage LT was considered upon development of @entity1 recurrence/liver function impairment. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity0 were at high-risk and 48 at low-risk of recurrence at pathology. Twenty-three out of 37 high-risk @entity0 recurred during follow-up, but in 9 of them the @entity1 burden extent contraindicated LT. Seventeen were finally transplanted: 10 of them presented recurrence at imaging/explant. After a median post-transplant follow-up of 50.9 months, @entity2 had recurred in 2 @entity0 and 5 @entity0 had died, the 5-year survival being 82.4%. Twenty-six of the 48 low-risk @entity0 developed recurrence and 11 of them were transplanted. After a median post-transplant follow-up of 59 months, two @entity0 developed recurrence and 5 died, their 5-year survival being 81.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Enlistment of @entity0 at high-risk of recurrence after resection before recurrence development seems a valid strategy and is associated with excellent long-term outcome. Since early (<6 months) recurrence reflects an aggressive @entity1 behavior leading to @entity1 extent exceeding transplant criteria, we propose to wait at least 6 months before enlistment. However, once included in the waiting list, priority strategies should be implemented in order to reach effective transplantation prior to the appearance of recurrence. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Prospective validation of "ab initio" liver transplantation in XXXX upon detection of risk factors for recurrence after resection.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical cardioprotective agent used to reduce @entity3 size in @entity0 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after anterior ST-elevation @entity1 . METHODS: Design: A cost-utility analysis using a Markov model. SETTING: The National Health Service in the UK. @entity0 : @entity0 undergoing PCI after anterior ST-elevation @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: A cardioprotective agent given at the time of reperfusion compared to no cardioprotection. We assumed the cardioprotective agent (given at the time of reperfusion) would reduce the risk and severity of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) after PCI and the risk of mortality after PCI (with a relative risk ranging from 0.6 to 1). The costs of the cardioprotective agent were assumed to be in the range   1000-4000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incremental costs per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, using 95% CIs from 1000 simulations. RESULTS: Incremental costs ranged from   933 to   3820 and incremental QALYs from 0.04 to 0.38. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) ranged from   3311 to   63   480 per QALY gained. The results were highly dependent on the costs of a cardioprotective agent, @entity0 age, and the relative risk of @entity2 after PCI. The ICER was below the willingness-to-pay threshold of   20   000 per QALY gained in 71% of the simulations. CONCLUSIONS: A cardioprotective agent that can reduce the risk of @entity2 and mortality after PCI has a high chance of being cost-effective. This chance depends on the price of the agent, the age of the @entity0 and the relative risk of @entity2 after PCI.

title: Potential economic consequences of a cardioprotective agent for @entity0 with XXXX : modelling study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cost-effectiveness of a hypothetical cardioprotective agent used to reduce @entity3 size in @entity0 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after anterior ST-elevation @entity1 . METHODS: Design: A cost-utility analysis using a Markov model. SETTING: The National Health Service in the UK. @entity0 : @entity0 undergoing PCI after anterior ST-elevation @entity1 . INTERVENTIONS: A cardioprotective agent given at the time of reperfusion compared to no cardioprotection. We assumed the cardioprotective agent (given at the time of reperfusion) would reduce the risk and severity of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) after PCI and the risk of mortality after PCI (with a relative risk ranging from 0.6 to 1). The costs of the cardioprotective agent were assumed to be in the range   1000-4000. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incremental costs per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, using 95% CIs from 1000 simulations. RESULTS: Incremental costs ranged from   933 to   3820 and incremental QALYs from 0.04 to 0.38. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) ranged from   3311 to   63   480 per QALY gained. The results were highly dependent on the costs of a cardioprotective agent, @entity0 age, and the relative risk of @entity2 after PCI. The ICER was below the willingness-to-pay threshold of   20   000 per QALY gained in 71% of the simulations. CONCLUSIONS: A cardioprotective agent that can reduce the risk of @entity2 and mortality after PCI has a high chance of being cost-effective. This chance depends on the price of the agent, the age of the @entity0 and the relative risk of @entity2 after PCI.

title: Potential economic consequences of a cardioprotective agent for XXXX with @entity1 : modelling study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 has been suggested as a major cause of age-induced decline in oocyte quality. In the past, donor oocyte cytoplasmic transfer showed some success but was abandoned due to the concerns with heteroplasmy. Recent studies indicated presence of oogonial precursor cells (OPCs) in the @entity0 ovary, which could be an autologous source of "healthy mitochondria." We sought to investigate the clinical efficacy of OPC-derived @entity2 ( @entity2 ) to improve oocyte quality in @entity0 with multiple @entity1 ( @entity1 ) failures. METHODS: The OPCs were isolated from laparoscopically obtained ovarian cortical pieces by cell sorting using a monoclonal anti-vasa homolog (anti-DDX) antibody. They were then disrupted and mitochondria were isolated. Reconstituted mitochondria were injected into each oocyte during intracytoplasmic sperm injection. Paired comparisons were made between the first failed cycles and the post- @entity2 cycles. RESULTS: Of the 15 @entity0 undergoing ovarian stimulation, 2 were canceled and 3 decided to pool oocytes for later @entity2 . In remaining 10 (mean age 34.7    4.1), @entity2 significantly improved fertilization rates (49.7    31.3 vs 78.3    18.9; P = .03) with a trend for better embryo grades (2.3    0.3 vs 3.1    0.7; P = .08). Four of 10 @entity0 conceived after single frozen embryo transfer and 3 after confirmation of diploidy via array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) (clinical pregnancy/embryo transfer = 4/10). CONCLUSION: These data show encouraging results for @entity2 in comparison to previous failed @entity1 cycles.

title: Oogonial Precursor Cell-Derived Autologous Mitochondria Injection to Improve Outcomes in XXXX With Multiple IVF Failures Due to Low Oocyte Quality: A Clinical Translation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Global climate change is expected to increase the risk of @entity0 , a leading cause of childhood mortality. However, there is considerable uncertainty about the magnitude of these effects and which populations bear the greatest risks. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review using defined search terms across four major databases and, additionally, examined the references of 54 review articles captured by the search. We evaluated sources of heterogeneity by pathogen taxon, exposure measure, study quality, country income level and regional climate, and estimated pooled effect estimates for the subgroups identified in the heterogeneity analysis, using meta-analysis methods. RESULTS: We identified 26 studies with 49 estimates. Pathogen taxa were a source of heterogeneity. There was a positive association between ambient temperature and all-cause @entity1 (incidence rate ratio (IRR) 1.07; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03, 1.10) and bacterial @entity1 (IRR 1.07; 95% CI 1.04, 1.10), but not viral @entity1 (IRR 0.96; 95% CI 0.82, 1.11). These associations were observed in low-, middle- and high-income countries. Only one study of protozoan @entity1 was identified. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in temperature due to global climate change can and may already be affecting @entity0 incidence. The vulnerability of populations may depend, in part, on local pathogen distribution. However, evidence of publication bias and the uneven geographical distribution of studies limit the precision and generalizability of the pooled estimates.

title: A systematic review and meta-analysis of ambient temperature and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The @entity0 leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), had established in Israel by 2010, attacking both @entity2 and greenhouse crops. We searched for its natural enemies in @entity2 , and tried to determine their potential for controlling this pest. We surveyed the local natural enemies in open @entity0 fields and measured their impact on pest populations in an unsprayed field. We assessed the suppressive ability of the dominant hemipteran predator, Nesidiocoris tenuis Reuter, against T. absoluta under controlled laboratory conditions and evaluated the impact of its augmentation on T. absoluta control in @entity2 . We found five natural enemy species: the predator, N. tenuis, two braconids, and two eulophids. Predation accounted for 64.5        9.2% (mean        SE) of T. absoluta larval mortality, whereas @entity4 accounted for 20.9        7.5%. Together, they eliminated the pest population at @entity0 harvest time. Under controlled conditions, predation by N. tenuis rose from 58 to 72% with increased density of T. absoluta, suggesting positive density dependence. The @entity1 . absoluta (83%) by N. tenuis was higher than that of @entity3 (32%), suggesting a preference of N. tenuis for T. absoluta. Augmentation of N. tenuis was as effective as conventional treatment insecticide treatment, and plant damage was low and did not seem to affect yield. Results indicate that reduced pesticide use enables indigenous natural enemies, particularly N. tenuis, to successfully control T. absoluta and prevent crop damage in @entity2 .

title: Control of the XXXX Leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), in Open-Field Tomatoes by Indigenous Natural Enemies Occurring in Israel.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: Although there have been regional population-based studies on the prevalence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and its risk factors in South Koreans, those studies in common had limited external validity. This study aims to estimate the national prevalence of @entity2 and its risk factors using a complex sampling design. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study including 9512 @entity0 aged >=  50 years of The Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, who were selected using two-step stratified clustered equal-probability systematic sampling. Radiographic @entity2 (RKOA) was defined as a Kellgren-Lawrence grade of >=  2. Symptoms of @entity2 were evaluated through a health interview. Obesity was defined as a body mass index >=  27.5 kg/m(2) . Quality of life was measured by the Korean version of European Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D). RESULTS: The prevalence of RKOA was 21.1% (95% CI: 19.6-22.8%) in @entity0 , and 43.8% (42.0-45.6%) in @entity0 . The prevalence of symptomatic RKOA (SRKOA) was 4.4% (3.8-5.2%) and 19.2% (17.9-20.6%) in @entity0 and @entity0 , respectively. The EQ-5D index was lower in @entity0 with @entity2 . When plotted against mean age and prevalence of @entity1 , regions with a higher mean age and prevalence of @entity1 had higher prevalence of @entity2 , which was also observed at the individual level. The prevalence of SRKOA was 36.6% (29.7-44.1%) in @entity0 in Jeju province. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of SRKOA in @entity0 reached 36.6% in high-risk groups accompanied by low quality of life. The results suggest that the disease burden of @entity2 is high in South Korea.

title: Prevalence of XXXX , risk factors, and quality of life: The Fifth Korean National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Sixty-six @entity0 with various types of central nervous system (CNS) @entity2 were given 150-200 mg/m2 of @entity10 ( @entity10 ) intravenously at the start of surgery, in order to label DNA synthesizing cells in the @entity2 with @entity10 . The excised @entity2 specimens were fixed in chilled 70% @entity9 for at least 12 hours, embedded in @entity8 , and cut into 6-8 mu thick sections. The tissue sections were deparaffinized, denatured with @entity16 , and stained by indirect peroxidase method using anti- @entity10 monoclonal antibody as the first antibody. The percentage of labeled cells among total cells ( @entity14 : labeling index) was calculated in each @entity2 specimen. The average of LIs was over 10% in @entity5 multiforme, @entity13 , and @entity1 . On the other hand, the LIs were very low, i.e. less than 1% in most cases of @entity4 , @entity3 , and moderately @entity6 . In highly @entity6 , the average of LIs resulted in 7.4%. The LIs of slow-growing @entity2 , such as @entity7 , @entity11 , @entity15 , were less than 1%, except in @entity12 and a few cases of @entity11 . The LIs obtained thus seem to correlate with the clinical behavior of each type of @entity2 . However, there was still a magnitude of differences in LIs between the @entity2 which were histopathologically alike. These results indicate that the @entity14 obtained by the immunohistochemical method using anti- @entity10 monoclonal antibody may supplement the current histopathological diagnosis in characterizing as well as estimating the biological malignancy of individual CNS @entity2 .

title: [A cell kinetic study of @entity0 central nervous system tumors with XXXX ( @entity10 )].

answer: @entity10


abstract: Sixty-six @entity0 with various types of central nervous system (CNS) @entity2 were given 150-200 mg/m2 of @entity10 ( @entity10 ) intravenously at the start of surgery, in order to label DNA synthesizing cells in the @entity2 with @entity10 . The excised @entity2 specimens were fixed in chilled 70% @entity9 for at least 12 hours, embedded in @entity8 , and cut into 6-8 mu thick sections. The tissue sections were deparaffinized, denatured with @entity16 , and stained by indirect peroxidase method using anti- @entity10 monoclonal antibody as the first antibody. The percentage of labeled cells among total cells ( @entity14 : labeling index) was calculated in each @entity2 specimen. The average of LIs was over 10% in @entity5 multiforme, @entity13 , and @entity1 . On the other hand, the LIs were very low, i.e. less than 1% in most cases of @entity4 , @entity3 , and moderately @entity6 . In highly @entity6 , the average of LIs resulted in 7.4%. The LIs of slow-growing @entity2 , such as @entity7 , @entity11 , @entity15 , were less than 1%, except in @entity12 and a few cases of @entity11 . The LIs obtained thus seem to correlate with the clinical behavior of each type of @entity2 . However, there was still a magnitude of differences in LIs between the @entity2 which were histopathologically alike. These results indicate that the @entity14 obtained by the immunohistochemical method using anti- @entity10 monoclonal antibody may supplement the current histopathological diagnosis in characterizing as well as estimating the biological malignancy of individual CNS @entity2 .

title: [A cell kinetic study of @entity0 central nervous system tumors with @entity10 ( XXXX )].

answer: @entity10


abstract: Sixty-six @entity0 with various types of central nervous system (CNS) @entity2 were given 150-200 mg/m2 of @entity10 ( @entity10 ) intravenously at the start of surgery, in order to label DNA synthesizing cells in the @entity2 with @entity10 . The excised @entity2 specimens were fixed in chilled 70% @entity9 for at least 12 hours, embedded in @entity8 , and cut into 6-8 mu thick sections. The tissue sections were deparaffinized, denatured with @entity16 , and stained by indirect peroxidase method using anti- @entity10 monoclonal antibody as the first antibody. The percentage of labeled cells among total cells ( @entity14 : labeling index) was calculated in each @entity2 specimen. The average of LIs was over 10% in @entity5 multiforme, @entity13 , and @entity1 . On the other hand, the LIs were very low, i.e. less than 1% in most cases of @entity4 , @entity3 , and moderately @entity6 . In highly @entity6 , the average of LIs resulted in 7.4%. The LIs of slow-growing @entity2 , such as @entity7 , @entity11 , @entity15 , were less than 1%, except in @entity12 and a few cases of @entity11 . The LIs obtained thus seem to correlate with the clinical behavior of each type of @entity2 . However, there was still a magnitude of differences in LIs between the @entity2 which were histopathologically alike. These results indicate that the @entity14 obtained by the immunohistochemical method using anti- @entity10 monoclonal antibody may supplement the current histopathological diagnosis in characterizing as well as estimating the biological malignancy of individual CNS @entity2 .

title: [A cell kinetic study of XXXX central nervous system tumors with @entity10 ( @entity10 )].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) are predisposed to @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Studies have indicated a strong genetic background. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a breeding scheme involving auscultation and echocardiography. ANIMALS: In the Danish Kennel Club mandatory breeding scheme, 997 purebred CKCS were examined during the period 2002-2011. Each @entity0 was evaluated 1-4 times with a total of 1,380 examinations. METHODS: Auscultation and echocardiography were performed to evaluate @entity1 murmur severity and degree of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The odds of having @entity1 murmur or @entity2 > grade 1 in 2010-2011 compared to 2002-2003 were estimated using logistic regression analysis including age and sex as covariates. Odds were estimated for @entity0 that were products of the breeding scheme (defined as @entity0 with both parents approved by the breeding scheme before breeding) and non-products of the breeding scheme (defined as @entity0 with at least 1 parent with unknown cardiac status). RESULTS: In 2010-2011, the odds of having @entity1 murmur were 0.27 if @entity0 were a product of the breeding scheme compared with @entity0 in 2002-2003, reflecting a 73% decreased risk (P  <  .0001). If non-products of the breeding scheme examined in 2010-2011 were compared with @entity0 in 2002-2003, no difference in odds was found (P  =  .49). CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: A mandatory breeding scheme based on auscultation and echocardiography findings significantly decreased the prevalence of @entity3 over the 8- to 10-year period. Such a breeding scheme therefore is recommended for CKCS.

title: Breeding Restrictions Decrease the Prevalence of Myxomatous XXXX in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels over an 8- to 10-Year Period.

answer: @entity1


abstract: High pressure (>1.5 MPa) induces a series of disturbances of the nervous system that are generically termed @entity6 ( @entity6 ). @entity6 is characterized by motor and @entity1 . The neocortex and the hippocampus are presumably involved in this last disorder. The medial perforant path (MPP) synapse onto the granule cells of the dentate gyrus is the main connection between these structures. We have studied @entity2 ( @entity2 ) effects on single and frequency response of this synapse. Since effects of @entity2 on various synapses were mimicked by reducing [ @entity3 ]o, results under these conditions were compared. Medial perforant path-evoked field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) were recorded from granule cells in @entity0 brain slices. Slices were exposed to high pressure of helium (0.1-10.1 MPa) at 30 degrees C. @entity2 depressed single fEPSPs by 35 and 55% at 5.1 and 10.1 MPa, respectively, and increased paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) at 10- to 40-ms inter-stimulus intervals. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was enhanced by @entity2 during trains of stimuli at 50 but not at 25 Hz. @entity4 of single fEPSPs by reduction of [ @entity3 ]o from 2 mM control to 1 mM at normal pressure was equivalent to the effect of 10.1 MPa at control [ @entity3 ]o. However, this low [ @entity3 ]o induced greater enhancement of @entity5 , and in contrast, turned @entity4 at 25-50 Hz into frequency-dependent potentiation. These results suggest that @entity2 depresses single synaptic release by reducing @entity3 entry, whereas slowing of synaptic frequency response is independent of @entity3 . These findings increase our understanding of @entity6 experienced by deep divers.

title: Modulation of XXXX corticohippocampal synaptic activity by high pressure and extracellular calcium: single and frequency responses.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Intraday activity of the adrenergic system was investigated in 7 healthy controls and in cirrhotic @entity0 without @entity2 (group 1, 7 cases) and with @entity2 (group 2, 9 cases) by determining the urinary @entity3 and @entity4 excretions at 4-h intervals for 24 h. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were also recorded. In controls, the statistical evaluation by the cosinor method showed a circadian rhythm of such variables, with zenith in the morning and nadir at night. Intraday changes of urinary excretion of @entity3 were closely related to arterial pressure and heart rate in most subjects. The most important change in cirrhotic @entity0 was the achronia [no detection of a statistically significant (p greater than 0.05) rhythm] in urinary excretion of @entity3 and arterial pressure. This occurred not only in group 2 @entity0 , who had lower arterial pressure and higher NE mesors than controls (p less than 0.05), but also in group 1 @entity0 , whose mesors were comparable to controls. The statistical significance of heart rate rhythmicity was preserved in @entity0 , but its zenith was progressively displaced toward evening (group 1) and night hours (group 2, whose mesor was increased). Changes in urinary excretion of @entity4 roughly paralleled those of @entity3 both in controls and @entity0 , but they did not significantly increase even in the group with @entity2 . In both groups of cirrhotic @entity0 , the correlation between urinary excretion of @entity3 , arterial pressure, and heart rate within the same subject was lost in most cases. This chronobiological study showed that the sympathoadrenergic activity can be deranged also in the early stages of @entity1 , and suggested that an altered control of cardiovascular homeostasis is present even under steady state conditions. This alteration might blunt adrenergic responses to stress conditions.

title: Chronobiological evaluation of sympathoadrenergic function in XXXX . Relationship with arterial pressure and heart rate.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The radiographic findings in 167 @entity7 subjected to radiography of the facial area, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are recorded. Cases were grouped according to clinical diagnosis and the common and disparate radiographic features between and within groups are discussed. @entity9 occurred most frequently and accounted for about 30 per cent of cases, most of which had periapical @entity3 . This disorder presented as two distinct clinical entities in almost equal numbers affected teeth with roots rostral to the maxillary sinus usually produced @entity0 , whereas those with roots within the sinus were generally associated with nasal discharge as a result of secondary @entity6 . In the former group periapical changes could readily be identified on radiographs, but in the latter group affected teeth could be recognised with confidence in only about half the cases. Primary @entity6 was the commonest specific condition recorded and accounted for 32 cases, three of which were mycotic. Using lateral erect projections, comparison of the radiographic features of primary @entity6 and @entity6 secondary to @entity9 showed some useful differentiating signs. In four ponies, @entity8 associated with @entity6 led to disruption of the intra-nasal structures but mycotic @entity8 , nasal ulceration and an intra-nasal foreign body produced no radiographic abnormalities. Sixteen cases of suture @entity5 were recorded, with varying degrees of new bone formation, and of 13 animals presented for evaluation of @entity1 , pre-diagnosed @entity2 were @entity4 due to @entity6 in three.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Radiographic examination of the facial, nasal and paranasal sinus regions of the XXXX . II. Radiological findings.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Eleven @entity0 (8 male) with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were reviewed. The mean age of the @entity0 was 44 years. Five @entity0 (group 1) who had moderate @entity6 were treated only by @entity2 . Six @entity0 (group 2) who presented with @entity4 (and/or serious metabolic disturbances) were treated with a combination of surgery and @entity1 administration. Unilateral or bilateral ureterolysis was performed in 5 @entity0 . It was associated with nephrostomy in 2 cases and intraperitoneal disposition of the ureters in 1 case. @entity3 without ureterolysis was performed in 1 @entity0 . The mean follow-up period was 5.5 years (5 months to 20 years). All @entity0 of group 1 now have normal renal function. In 5 @entity0 of group 2, renal function improved significantly after operation; one of them was started on regular dialysis 16 years later. In another @entity0 , @entity5 recurred in the ureter of a living related renal graft 6 months after transplantation. In conclusion, @entity1 treatment alone offers a long-term survival in @entity0 with @entity5 of moderate severity. Combined treatment must be recommended for @entity0 who present with severe @entity6 and advanced @entity7 .

title: XXXX : a long-term follow-up study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity1 ) is a common and often disabling @entity3 among adults that may result in impaired activity and daily function. A variety of treatment options are currently available and prescribed for knee @entity1 depending on the severity of the disorder and physician preference. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid (IA-HA) injection is a treatment for knee @entity1 that reportedly provides numerous biochemical and biological benefits, including shock absorption, chondroprotection, and anti-inflammatory effects within the knee. Clarity is needed as to whether the available IA-HA products should be considered for therapy as a group or whether there are significant differences in the products that need to be considered in treatment of @entity1 of the knee. PURPOSE: To determine whether there are differences in efficacy and safety with respect to intrinsic properties of available IA-HA injections for knee @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Meta-analysis. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search of the Medline, EMBASE, and PubMed databases was conducted for all existing randomized trials of IA-HA. The primary outcome measure analyzed was the mean @entity0 score at the reported follow-up nearest to 26 weeks after injection. Pooled efficacy and safety results were recorded for subgroupings of HA product characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 68 studies were included for analysis. Products with an average molecular weight >= 3000 kDa provided favorable efficacy results when compared with products of an average molecular weight <3000 kDa. Products with a molecular weight >= 3000 kDa demonstrated significantly fewer discontinuations due to treatment-related adverse events than did  <=1500 kDa counterparts, while trial discontinuation rates were similar between biological fermentation-derived HA products and avian-derived HA. The results did not demonstrate a significant difference in the occurrence of effusion across molecular weight subgroups. Additionally, biological fermentation-derived HA had a significantly smaller incidence of effusion than did avian-derived HA. Biological fermentation-derived HA demonstrated fewer acute flare-ups at the injection site than did avian-derived HA products, while high-molecular-weight products demonstrated the highest rate of injection site flare-up. CONCLUSION: Despite similarities, IA-HA products should not be treated as a group, as there are differences in IA-HA products that influence both efficacy and safety. In the available literature, IA-HA products with a molecular weight >= 3000 kDa and those derived from biological fermentation relate to superior efficacy and safety-factors that may influence selection an IA-HA product for @entity1 of the knee.

title: Product Differences in Intra-articular Hyaluronic Acids for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cutaneous @entity3 are @entity2 with an unpredictable biologic behavior. It has been suggested that @entity0 who present with @entity3 during pregnancy have a worse prognosis due to more aggressive behavior of the @entity3 . The objective of the current study was to evaluate the long-term effect of pregnancy on disease progression in @entity0 with Stage I-II @entity3 . METHODS: From 1965 to 2001, 46 pregnant @entity0 were treated for a Stage I-II @entity3 at the University Medical Center Groningen. These @entity0 were compared with an age-matched and gender-matched control group (nonpregnant) of 368 @entity0 with Stage I-II @entity3 . The @entity0 were staged according to the 2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer TNM classification system for @entity3 . The 10-year disease-free survival (DFS) and 10-year overall survival (OS) rates were calculated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The median age of @entity0 in the pregnant group was 30 years (range, 18-46 years), and the median age of @entity0 in the nonpregnant group was 36 years (range, 17-45 years). The median follow-up was 109 months (range, 1-356 months). Pregnant @entity0 presented more often with thicker @entity3 (median, 2.0 mm vs. 1.7 mm; not statistically significant). No differences with regard to @entity1 location, histologic subtype, @entity1 @entity4 , or vascular invasion were detected between the pregnant group and the nonpregnant group. There was no statistical difference in the 10-year DFS and 10-year OS rates between the two groups. The 10-year DFS rates for @entity0 in the pregnant and nonpregnant groups, respectively, were 88% versus 86% for @entity0 with @entity3 and 67% versus 73% for @entity0 with @entity3 . The 10-year OS rates for @entity0 in the pregnant and nonpregnant groups, respectively, were 94% versus 90% for @entity0 with @entity3 and 82% versus 81% for @entity0 with @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Pregnancy does not appear to have an adverse, long-term effect on survival in @entity0 with clinically localized @entity3 . Further studies should address whether pregnant @entity0 present with thicker lesions and/or whether they have decreased DFS compared with nonpregnant @entity0 . The prognosis for @entity0 with @entity3 during pregnancy, as it relates to survival, still is dependent on @entity1 thickness and @entity4 .

title: Pregnancy and early-stage XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previous studies suggested that listening to different types of music may modulate differently psychological mood and physiological responses associated with the induced emotions. In this study the effect of listening to instrumental classical vs. atonal contemporary music was examined in a group of 50 non-expert listeners. The subjects' heart rate and diastolic and systolic blood pressure values were measured while they listened to music of different style and emotional typologies. Pieces were selected by asking a group of composers and conservatory professors to suggest a list of the most emotional music pieces (from Renaissance to present time). A total of 214 suggestions from 20 respondents were received. Then it was asked them to identify which pieces best induced in the listener feelings of @entity3 , joy or pathos and the number of suggested pieces per style was computed. Atonal pieces were more frequently indicated as @entity3 , and tonal pieces as joyful. The presence/absence of tonality in a musical piece did not affect the affective dimension of pathos (being touching). Among the most frequently cited six pieces were selected that were comparable for structure and style, to represent each emotion and style. They were equally evaluated as unfamiliar by an independent group of 10 students of the same cohort) and were then used as stimuli for the experimental session in which autonomic parameters were recorded. Overall, listening to atonal music (independent of the pieces' emotional characteristics) was associated with a reduced heart rate (fear @entity2 ) and increased blood pressure (both diastolic and systolic), possibly reflecting an increase in alertness and @entity0 , and @entity1 . This evidence fits with the results of the esthetical assessment showing how, overall, atonal music is perceived as more @entity3 and less joyful than tonal one.

title: Non-expert listeners show XXXX and increased blood pressure (fear @entity2 ) in response to atonal music.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Previous studies suggested that listening to different types of music may modulate differently psychological mood and physiological responses associated with the induced emotions. In this study the effect of listening to instrumental classical vs. atonal contemporary music was examined in a group of 50 non-expert listeners. The subjects' heart rate and diastolic and systolic blood pressure values were measured while they listened to music of different style and emotional typologies. Pieces were selected by asking a group of composers and conservatory professors to suggest a list of the most emotional music pieces (from Renaissance to present time). A total of 214 suggestions from 20 respondents were received. Then it was asked them to identify which pieces best induced in the listener feelings of @entity3 , joy or pathos and the number of suggested pieces per style was computed. Atonal pieces were more frequently indicated as @entity3 , and tonal pieces as joyful. The presence/absence of tonality in a musical piece did not affect the affective dimension of pathos (being touching). Among the most frequently cited six pieces were selected that were comparable for structure and style, to represent each emotion and style. They were equally evaluated as unfamiliar by an independent group of 10 students of the same cohort) and were then used as stimuli for the experimental session in which autonomic parameters were recorded. Overall, listening to atonal music (independent of the pieces' emotional characteristics) was associated with a reduced heart rate (fear @entity2 ) and increased blood pressure (both diastolic and systolic), possibly reflecting an increase in alertness and @entity0 , and @entity1 . This evidence fits with the results of the esthetical assessment showing how, overall, atonal music is perceived as more @entity3 and less joyful than tonal one.

title: Non-expert listeners show @entity2 and increased blood pressure (fear XXXX ) in response to atonal music.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report 4 @entity0 who became excessively anticoagulated with the recommended or lower starting doses of @entity2 during treatment for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in a cardiothoracic intensive care unit. CASE SUMMARY: Four @entity0 were treated with @entity2 after confirmation of @entity1 after cardiac surgery. In 3 @entity0 , @entity2 was initiated at the recommended starting dose of 2 micro g/kg/min; in 1 @entity0 , therapy was initiated at 1 micro g/kg/min. All @entity0 had relatively normal hepatic function. In all cases, the resulting activated partial thromboplastin time was supertherapeutic and exceeded 100 seconds in 3 @entity0 . Additionally, @entity2 clearance appeared to be prolonged upon discontinuation. DISCUSSION: @entity2 pharmacokinetics in critically ill @entity0 have not been investigated. Our case series demonstrates the potential over-anticoagulation that can occur in this @entity0 population despite relatively normal hepatic function. An objective causality assessment revealed that the adverse drug event in these @entity0 was probably caused by administration of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Formal pharmacokinetic studies of @entity2 are needed in critically ill @entity0 in order to optimize therapy.

title: Excessive XXXX anticoagulation for heparin-induced @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report 4 @entity0 who became excessively anticoagulated with the recommended or lower starting doses of @entity2 during treatment for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in a cardiothoracic intensive care unit. CASE SUMMARY: Four @entity0 were treated with @entity2 after confirmation of @entity1 after cardiac surgery. In 3 @entity0 , @entity2 was initiated at the recommended starting dose of 2 micro g/kg/min; in 1 @entity0 , therapy was initiated at 1 micro g/kg/min. All @entity0 had relatively normal hepatic function. In all cases, the resulting activated partial thromboplastin time was supertherapeutic and exceeded 100 seconds in 3 @entity0 . Additionally, @entity2 clearance appeared to be prolonged upon discontinuation. DISCUSSION: @entity2 pharmacokinetics in critically ill @entity0 have not been investigated. Our case series demonstrates the potential over-anticoagulation that can occur in this @entity0 population despite relatively normal hepatic function. An objective causality assessment revealed that the adverse drug event in these @entity0 was probably caused by administration of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Formal pharmacokinetic studies of @entity2 are needed in critically ill @entity0 in order to optimize therapy.

title: Excessive @entity2 anticoagulation for heparin-induced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare, in a double-blind, randomized, prospective study, the clinical improvement of @entity2 in 30 @entity0 with @entity1 using @entity3 or skin whitening complex topically on one side of the face vs. a placebo cream on the other. The study was performed during the period November 2000 to March 2001 at the Federal University of S  o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina. METHODS: Thirty @entity0 received three tubes of cream and were divided into two groups: group 1, one tube containing @entity3 4% cream and one tube containing placebo to be applied to opposite sides of the face at night, and standardized sunscreen [sun protection factor (SPF) 25] for daily use; group 2, one tube containing skin whitening complex 5% cream and one tube containing placebo to be applied to opposite sides of the face at night, and standardized sunscreen (SPF 25). All of the tubes had the same appearance and the creams had the same characteristics. The only @entity0 who knew what was being used by each @entity0 on each side of the face was the pharmacist. A professional photographer took photographs before and after treatment, which lasted for 3 months. Clinical evaluation was performed by two independent observers and by the @entity0 themselves. Statistical evaluation was by the chi-squared and kappa methods. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity0 completed the study, with an overall improvement of 72% in comparison with placebo. Group 1 ( @entity3 and placebo) presented an improvement of 76.9% with 25% side-effects, and group 2 (skin whitening complex and placebo) presented an improvement of 66.7% with 0% side-effects. CONCLUSIONS: Both depigmentation agents were useful in the treatment of @entity1 . The @entity3 group presented more collateral effects than the skin whitening complex group. Considering that the @entity0 showed Fitzpatrick skin types IV to VI and the study was conducted in the summer, skin whitening complex seems to be an excellent choice for the treatment of @entity1 .

title: A clinical, prospective, randomized, double-blind trial comparing skin whitening complex with @entity3 vs. placebo in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare, in a double-blind, randomized, prospective study, the clinical improvement of @entity2 in 30 @entity0 with @entity1 using @entity3 or skin whitening complex topically on one side of the face vs. a placebo cream on the other. The study was performed during the period November 2000 to March 2001 at the Federal University of S  o Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina. METHODS: Thirty @entity0 received three tubes of cream and were divided into two groups: group 1, one tube containing @entity3 4% cream and one tube containing placebo to be applied to opposite sides of the face at night, and standardized sunscreen [sun protection factor (SPF) 25] for daily use; group 2, one tube containing skin whitening complex 5% cream and one tube containing placebo to be applied to opposite sides of the face at night, and standardized sunscreen (SPF 25). All of the tubes had the same appearance and the creams had the same characteristics. The only @entity0 who knew what was being used by each @entity0 on each side of the face was the pharmacist. A professional photographer took photographs before and after treatment, which lasted for 3 months. Clinical evaluation was performed by two independent observers and by the @entity0 themselves. Statistical evaluation was by the chi-squared and kappa methods. RESULTS: Twenty-five @entity0 completed the study, with an overall improvement of 72% in comparison with placebo. Group 1 ( @entity3 and placebo) presented an improvement of 76.9% with 25% side-effects, and group 2 (skin whitening complex and placebo) presented an improvement of 66.7% with 0% side-effects. CONCLUSIONS: Both depigmentation agents were useful in the treatment of @entity1 . The @entity3 group presented more collateral effects than the skin whitening complex group. Considering that the @entity0 showed Fitzpatrick skin types IV to VI and the study was conducted in the summer, skin whitening complex seems to be an excellent choice for the treatment of @entity1 .

title: A clinical, prospective, randomized, double-blind trial comparing skin whitening complex with XXXX vs. placebo in the treatment of @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: During the 1960s, it was reported from Sweden that haemophiliacs with factor levels above 1% rarely develop @entity3 . This observation suggested that severe @entity1 could be converted to a milder form by regular infusions with factor concentrate. After several earlier publications, a report was published in 1992 that detailed 25 years' experience with prophylaxis in 60 @entity0 from the Malm   centre. The results showed that starting prophylaxis early in life with a dose regimen that would prevent factor VIII or IX plasma levels from falling below 1% could prevent the development of @entity3 . Also, older age groups who had received less intensive treatment, and who started prophylaxis later in life, were still in a much better condition than historic controls. In the 1970s several small but well-controlled studies from the USA, Germany and Italy clearly showed the benefit of prophylaxis in reducing @entity2 frequency. Early experience from the Netherlands was published in 1971. Since these early studies, the results have been corroborated from many countries and in a large multinational study. Although the benefits of prophylaxis seem unquestionable, several research questions remain to be better elucidated, such as when to start and when to stop, dosing and dose interval, and how to assess the long-term treatment effects. These issues are of great economic importance, and the need for health economical studies is obvious.

title: Prophylactic therapy for XXXX : early experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although selective @entity1 is expected to be a promising neuroprotective treatment, the thermal distribution under @entity2 is not fully investigated. We applied selective head cooling to seven newborn piglets under general anesthesia in order to investigate the mechanism of cooling. METHODS: Seven healthy, large white piglets aged within 5 days after birth were studied. Temperatures were monitored at the superficial brain (0.5 cm), deep brain (2.0 cm), scalp skin, nasopharynx, tympanum, esophagus, and rectum. A radiant heater and a warmer blanket were used to maintain the normal rectal temperature (38.5-39 degrees C). For the first piglet, the coolant temperature was widely changed from 15 degree C to - 20 degree C in order to define the practical range. Subsequently, the coolant temperature was set at 10 degree C, 0 degree C, and - 10 degree C for the remaining six piglets. The target deep brain temperature was set at 35 degree C, as the same reduction of brain temperature might provide moderate @entity1 in the @entity0 neonate. RESULTS: With 0 degree C coolant temperature, the deep brain temperature was cooled to 35 degree C; however, the scalp skin attached to the cooling cap became broadly blotchy and injured in all animals. When we induced minimal @entity2 by 1C for a cohort of three piglets, the deep brain temperature decreased in parallel with the rectal temperature, which enabled us to achieve the target temperature with 10 degrees C coolant without injuring the scalp skin. The scalp skin and nasopharyngeal temperatures were good predictors of both superficial and deep-brain temperatures throughout the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that moderate @entity1 may be applied to newborn @entity0 without inducing moderate @entity2 .

title: Brain temperature in newborn piglets under selective head cooling with minimal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a common disease, often resulting in @entity5 or disability. Previous studies on prognosis of @entity2 mainly focused on the baseline condition or modern expensive tests. However, the change of clinical symptoms during acute stage is considerably neglected. In our study, we aim to develop a new prognostic scale to predict the 90-day outcome of @entity6 @entity0 . METHODS: In this retrospective cohort study, a secondary data analysis was performed on 489 @entity0 extracted from 1046 @entity0 of 4 hospitals. A new prognostic scale was constructed to predict the recovery of @entity6 mainly based on the National Institutes of Health @entity2 Scale (NIHSS) score, traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) symptoms _ signs and the changes during the first 3  days of @entity0 in the 3 TCM hospitals. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the cutoff point for prediction. In the end, the scale was used to test the outcome of @entity6 @entity0 in Xuanwu hospital. RESULTS: The new prognostic scale was composed of 8 items including age degree (OR   =   3.32; 95  % CI: 1.72-6.42), history of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) (OR   =   2.20; 95  % CI: 1.19-4.08), NIHSS score (OR   =   3.08; 95  % CI: 2.16-4.40), @entity4 (OR   =   3.17; 95  % CI: 1.90-5.29) and @entity3 (OR   =   4.61; 95  % CI: 1.36-15.63) on the 1st day of illness onset, change in NIHSS score (OR   =   2.49; 95  % CI: 1.31-4.73), and circumrotating (OR   =   7.80; 95  % CI: 1.98-30.64) and @entity7 (OR   =   13.25; 95  % CI: 1.55-113.34) during the first 3  days of @entity2 onset. The total score of the scale was 16.5 and the cutoff point was 9.5, which means @entity0 would have poor outcome at 90  days of @entity2 onset if the score was higher than 9.5. The new scale was validated on the data of Xuanwu hospital, and the value of its sensitivity, specificity and overall accuracy were 69.6 %, 83.3 % and 75.0  % respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The 8-item scale, mainly based on TCM symptoms, NIHSS score and their changes during the first 3  days, can predict the 90-day outcome for @entity6 @entity0 while it still needs to be further validated and optimized clinically.

title: A new prognostic scale for the early prediction of XXXX recovery mainly based on traditional Chinese medicine symptoms and NIHSS score: a retrospective cohort study.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ventilation monitoring practice for intubated pediatric @entity0 with severe @entity3 ( @entity3 ) during interfacility transport (IFT) has not been well documented. We describe the difference of practices in ventilation monitoring during IFT from the perspective of a level I pediatric @entity2 center with an enormous catchment area. METHODS: @entity0 admitted between July 2008 and September 2013 at Winnipeg Health Science Center, Canada, were examined in this retrospective chart review. All @entity0 with severe @entity3 were intubated in regional health centers and required transport to the level 1 @entity2 center. Injuries due to inflicted @entity4 (<5  years of age), @entity1 , drowning, and @entity5 were excluded. @entity0 characteristics, injury data, ventilation monitoring, and transport metrics were obtained from a regional health center, and transport and @entity2 center charts. RESULTS: Thirty four @entity0 were studied. Specialty transport teams utilized ventilation monitoring significantly more often (95 vs. 23  %; p   <   0.001) than non-specialized ground transport. Specialty teams were more likely to obtain a blood gas prior to departure (74 vs. 0  %; p   =   0.037) if end-tidal monitoring was used. Among unmonitored ground transport @entity0 , mean transport time was 69.1  min. CONCLUSIONS: Non-specialized ground IFT teams did not reliably monitor ventilation in intubated severe pediatric @entity3 @entity0 . Blood gas monitoring was not a ubiquitous practice for either team. Optimal ventilation monitoring strategies for severe pediatric @entity3 may require both blood gas and end-tidal monitoring.

title: Ventilation monitoring for severe pediatric XXXX during interfacility transport.

answer: @entity3