abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a complex and not fully understood @entity3 associated with @entity1 of multiple organs. The main effector cells, the myofibroblasts, are collagen-producing cells derived from the activation of resting fibroblasts. This process is regulated by a complex repertoire of profibrotic cytokines, and among them @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) play a major role. In this paper we show that @entity6 and @entity5 receptors co-operate in myofibroblast activation, and @entity9 , an @entity5 receptor antagonist binding @entity5 receptors, might interfere with both @entity6 and @entity5 pathways, preventing myofibroblast differentiation. METHODS: Fibroblasts isolated from healthy controls and @entity2 @entity0 were treated with @entity6 and @entity5 and successively analyzed for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and collagen ( @entity8 ) expression and for the @entity7 and Mad Related (SMAD) phosphorylation. We further tested the ability of @entity9 to interfere with these process. Furthermore, we silenced @entity5 and @entity5 receptor A expression and evaluated the formation of an @entity5 / @entity6 receptor complex by immunoprecitation assay. RESULTS: We showed myofibroblast activation in @entity2 fibroblasts assessing the expression of @entity4 and @entity8 , after stimulation with @entity6 and @entity5 . @entity9 interfered with both @entity5 - and @entity6 -induced fibroblast activation. To explain this unexpected inhibitory effect of @entity9 on @entity6 activity, we silenced @entity5 expression on @entity2 fibroblasts and co-immunoprecipitated these two receptors, showing the formation of an @entity5 / @entity6 receptor complex. CONCLUSIONS: During @entity2 , @entity5 produced by activated endothelia contributes to myofibroblast activation using @entity6 machinery via an @entity5 / @entity6 receptor complex. @entity9 interferes with the profibrotic action of @entity6 , blocking the @entity5 receptor portion of the @entity5 / @entity6 receptor complex.

title: @entity9 inhibits the transforming growth factor-b profibrotic action, blocking the signaling mediated by the ETR/TbRI complex in XXXX dermal fibroblasts.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a complex and not fully understood @entity3 associated with @entity1 of multiple organs. The main effector cells, the myofibroblasts, are collagen-producing cells derived from the activation of resting fibroblasts. This process is regulated by a complex repertoire of profibrotic cytokines, and among them @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) play a major role. In this paper we show that @entity6 and @entity5 receptors co-operate in myofibroblast activation, and @entity9 , an @entity5 receptor antagonist binding @entity5 receptors, might interfere with both @entity6 and @entity5 pathways, preventing myofibroblast differentiation. METHODS: Fibroblasts isolated from healthy controls and @entity2 @entity0 were treated with @entity6 and @entity5 and successively analyzed for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and collagen ( @entity8 ) expression and for the @entity7 and Mad Related (SMAD) phosphorylation. We further tested the ability of @entity9 to interfere with these process. Furthermore, we silenced @entity5 and @entity5 receptor A expression and evaluated the formation of an @entity5 / @entity6 receptor complex by immunoprecitation assay. RESULTS: We showed myofibroblast activation in @entity2 fibroblasts assessing the expression of @entity4 and @entity8 , after stimulation with @entity6 and @entity5 . @entity9 interfered with both @entity5 - and @entity6 -induced fibroblast activation. To explain this unexpected inhibitory effect of @entity9 on @entity6 activity, we silenced @entity5 expression on @entity2 fibroblasts and co-immunoprecipitated these two receptors, showing the formation of an @entity5 / @entity6 receptor complex. CONCLUSIONS: During @entity2 , @entity5 produced by activated endothelia contributes to myofibroblast activation using @entity6 machinery via an @entity5 / @entity6 receptor complex. @entity9 interferes with the profibrotic action of @entity6 , blocking the @entity5 receptor portion of the @entity5 / @entity6 receptor complex.

title: XXXX inhibits the transforming growth factor-b profibrotic action, blocking the signaling mediated by the ETR/TbRI complex in @entity2 dermal fibroblasts.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dose-response relationship of semaglutide versus placebo and open-label liraglutide in terms of glycemic control in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a 12-week, randomized, double-blind phase 2 trial. @entity0 (n = 415) were randomized to receive a subcutaneous injection of @entity9 once weekly without dose escalation (0.1-0.8 mg) or with dose escalation (E) (0.4 mg steps to 0.8 or 1.6 mg E over 1-2 weeks), open-label liraglutide once daily (1.2 or 1.8 mg), or placebo. The primary end point was change in HbA1c level from baseline. Secondary end points included change in body weight, safety, and tolerability. RESULTS: @entity9 dose-dependently reduced the level of @entity6 c from baseline (8.1    0.8%) to week 12 by up to -1.7%, and body weight by up to -4.8 kg (1.6 mg E, P < 0.001 vs. placebo). Up to 81% of @entity0 achieved an @entity6 c level of <7%. @entity6 c level and weight reductions with semaglutide 1.6 mg E were greater than those with liraglutide 1.2 and 1.8 mg (based on unadjusted CIs), but adverse events (AEs) and withdrawals occurred more frequently. The incidence of @entity4 , @entity5 , and withdrawal due to @entity3 increased with the semaglutide dose; most events were mild to moderate, transient, and ameliorated by dose escalation. There were no major episodes of @entity7 and few cases of injection site reactions. CONCLUSIONS: After 12 weeks, semaglutide dose-dependently reduced @entity6 c level and weight in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . No unexpected safety or tolerability concerns were identified; @entity3 typical of @entity8 agonists were mitigated by dose escalation. On this basis, weekly semaglutide doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg with a 4-week dose escalation were selected for phase 3.

title: A Phase 2, Randomized, Dose-Finding Study of the Novel Once-Weekly XXXX GLP-1 Analog, Semaglutide, Compared With Placebo and Open-Label Liraglutide in @entity0 With Type 2 Diabetes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dose-response relationship of semaglutide versus placebo and open-label liraglutide in terms of glycemic control in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a 12-week, randomized, double-blind phase 2 trial. @entity0 (n = 415) were randomized to receive a subcutaneous injection of @entity9 once weekly without dose escalation (0.1-0.8 mg) or with dose escalation (E) (0.4 mg steps to 0.8 or 1.6 mg E over 1-2 weeks), open-label liraglutide once daily (1.2 or 1.8 mg), or placebo. The primary end point was change in HbA1c level from baseline. Secondary end points included change in body weight, safety, and tolerability. RESULTS: @entity9 dose-dependently reduced the level of @entity6 c from baseline (8.1    0.8%) to week 12 by up to -1.7%, and body weight by up to -4.8 kg (1.6 mg E, P < 0.001 vs. placebo). Up to 81% of @entity0 achieved an @entity6 c level of <7%. @entity6 c level and weight reductions with semaglutide 1.6 mg E were greater than those with liraglutide 1.2 and 1.8 mg (based on unadjusted CIs), but adverse events (AEs) and withdrawals occurred more frequently. The incidence of @entity4 , @entity5 , and withdrawal due to @entity3 increased with the semaglutide dose; most events were mild to moderate, transient, and ameliorated by dose escalation. There were no major episodes of @entity7 and few cases of injection site reactions. CONCLUSIONS: After 12 weeks, semaglutide dose-dependently reduced @entity6 c level and weight in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . No unexpected safety or tolerability concerns were identified; @entity3 typical of @entity8 agonists were mitigated by dose escalation. On this basis, weekly semaglutide doses of 0.5 and 1.0 mg with a 4-week dose escalation were selected for phase 3.

title: A Phase 2, Randomized, Dose-Finding Study of the Novel Once-Weekly @entity0 GLP-1 Analog, Semaglutide, Compared With Placebo and Open-Label Liraglutide in XXXX With Type 2 Diabetes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 stalk median eminence fragments were lyophylized, extracted and filtered through a column of Sephadex G-25. The fractions were then assayed for the presence of LHRH by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and bioassayed for FSH and LH-releasing activity following their IV injection into ovariectomized, estrogen @entity3 -blocked @entity1 . The radioimmunoassayable LHRH emerged from the column at the same position from which it emerged many years before when LH was measured by bioassay. This same region also contained the LH-releasing activity as measured by bioassay. FSH-releasing activity was present in two tubes just preceding the emergence of the bio- and immunoassayable LHRH. The activity was highly significant and there was no LH-releasing activity in the fractions. They contained much less LHRH as determined by RIA than is sufficient to evoke LH release in this assay. The FSH-releasing activity was recovered in the same fractions in which it was found many years ago with this same assay but with measurement of plasma FSH by bio-rather than immunoassay as employed here. A dose-related release of LH was obtained by injection of LHRH in this assay but there was no significant FSH release even with a dose of 27 ng of LHRH per @entity1 . To determine if one of the LHRHs of lower forms might be FSH-RF, @entity4 I and II LHRH and Salmon LHRH were also assayed for FSH- and LH-releasing activity. Each of these peptide possessed LH-releasing activity, albeit much less than that of the @entity0 peptide but had no FSH-releasing activity whatsoever.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Purification of FSH-releasing factor: its dissimilarity from LHRH of XXXX , avian, and piscian origin.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Aberrant mitochondrial function, including excessive reactive @entity2 species (ROS) production, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity0 diseases. The use of mitochondrial inhibitors to ascertain the sites in the electron transport chain (ETC) resulting in altered ROS production can be an important tool. However, the response of @entity1 mitochondria to ETC inhibitors has not been thoroughly assessed. Here we set out to characterize the differences in phenotypic response to ETC inhibitors between the more energetically demanding brain mitochondria and less energetically demanding liver mitochondria in commonly utilized C57BL/6J @entity1 . RESULTS: We show that in contrast to brain mitochondria, inhibiting distally within complex I or within complex III does not increase liver mitochondrial ROS production supported by complex I substrates, and liver mitochondrial ROS production supported by complex II substrates occurred primarily independent of membrane potential. Complex I, II, and III enzymatic activities and membrane potential were equivalent between liver and brain and responded to ETC. inhibitors similarly. Brain mitochondria exhibited an approximately two-fold increase in complex I and II supported respiration compared with liver mitochondria while exhibiting similar responses to inhibitors. Elevated @entity3 transport and heightened complex II-III coupled activity accounted for increased complex I and II supported respiration, respectively in brain mitochondria. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that important mechanistic differences exist between @entity1 liver and brain mitochondria and that @entity1 mitochondria exhibit phenotypic differences compared with mitochondria from other species.

title: Respiration and substrate transport rates as well as reactive XXXX species production distinguish mitochondria from brain and liver.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The correlation of multidrug resistance(MDR) phenotype with clinical response to chemotherapy was investigated in @entity0 with @entity1 . METHOD: Tumor specimens prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 36 cases of @entity1 were collected for detection of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with anti- @entity7 monoclonal antibodies (JSB-I). Immunohistochemical assays were used for @entity4 detection on 5 microns thick frozen section. Anti- @entity7 monoclonal antibodies(JSB-I) as primary antibodies and goat anti-mouse IgG monoclonal antibodies as second antibodies were applied. All @entity0 received preoperative induction chemotherapy with a regimen of @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity6 . Evaluation for @entity1 response was scored as follows: Response to chemotherapy was graded as good for complete response or partial response; as poor for stable disease or @entity2 . RESULT: Of the 36 pretreatment specimens, 12(33.3%) were @entity4 positive and 24 (66.7%) were @entity4 negative. Among the 12 @entity0 with @entity4 positive, 3(25%) had a good response and 9(75%) had a poor response. Of the 24 @entity0 with @entity4 negative, 21(87.5%) had a good response and 3(12.5%) had a poor response (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These preliminary data suggest that a significant correlation between MDR phenotype, @entity7 -mediated and chemotherapy resistance existed.

title: [The correlation of multidrug resistance phenotype with clinical response to chemotherapy in XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To better understand the @entity2 in ear nose and throat and make correct diagnosis. METHOD: 17 @entity0 with @entity2 in ear nose and throat were investigated. Diagnosis, treatment and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively. RESULT: Among 17 @entity0 with @entity2 , three @entity0 were in stage I, four @entity0 were in stage II, eight @entity0 were in stage III and two @entity0 were in stage IV. It is the commonest in nose and predisposed to male. The clinic presentations were related to the size and location of @entity1 . Comprehensive therapy was need in most of @entity0 . Poor prognosis was noted in this disease. CONCLUSION: This disease is easy to misdiagnose. Early diagnosis and comprehensive therapy will make contribution to better prognosis.

title: [Clinical analysis of 17 cases XXXX in ear nose and throat].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The circumferential resection margin (CRM) is a significant prognostic factor for local recurrence, distant @entity1 , and survival after @entity2 surgery. Therefore, availability of this parameter is essential. Although the Dutch total mesorectal excision trial raised awareness about CRM in the late 1990s, quality assurance on pathologic reporting was not available until the Dutch Surgical Colorectal Audit (DSCA) started in 2009. The present study describes the rates of CRM reporting and involvement since the start of the DSCA and analyzes whether improvement of these parameters can be attributed to the audit. METHODS: Data from the DSCA (2009-2013) were analyzed. Reporting of CRM and CRM involvement was plotted for successive years, and variations of these parameters were analyzed in a funnelplot. Predictors of CRM involvement were determined in univariable analysis and the independent influence of year of registration on CRM involvement was analyzed in multivariable analysis. RESULTS: A total of 12,669 @entity0 were included for analysis. The mean percentage of @entity0 with a reported CRM increased from 52.7% to 94.2% (2009-2013) and interhospital variation decreased. The percentage of @entity0 with CRM involvement decreased from 14.2% to 5.6%. In multivariable analysis, the year of DSCA registration remained a significant predictor of CRM involvement. CONCLUSIONS: After the introduction of the DSCA, a dramatic improvement in CRM reporting and a major decrease of CRM involvement after @entity2 surgery have occurred. This study suggests that a national quality assurance program has been the driving force behind these achievements.

title: Reduced Circumferential Resection Margin Involvement in XXXX Surgery: Results of the Dutch Surgical Colorectal Audit.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity10 congenita (PC) is a rare @entity4 caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in one of five genes encoding keratin ( @entity7 , @entity9 , @entity11 , @entity8 or @entity6 ; each defining one PC subtype). @entity3 is a prominent symptom, but its severity and type are poorly characterized. METHODS: In total, 35 genotyped US @entity0 with PC consented to clinical assessment including the quality of life (QoL) questionnaire EQ-5D-3L, the Brief @entity3 Inventory (BPI) and painDETECT. Abbreviated quantitative sensory testing (QST) was also performed, and included @entity5 ( @entity5 ), mechanical @entity3 threshold (MPT), wind-up @entity3 ratio (WUR) and vibration detection threshold (VDT). RESULTS: Significant @entity3 in @entity0 with PC was confirmed, as indicated by mean BPI severity and interference of 4.2      1.7 and 4.4      2.2, respectively, as well as @entity2 , as indicated by mean EQ-5D index of 0.69      0.18. PD identified @entity1 in 62% of @entity0 , the remainder being nociceptive. The painDETECT score was most significantly related to EQ-5D index (R(2)   =  0.26, P  =  0.02). The @entity6 and @entity7 subtypes exhibited significantly worse QoL (0.584 and 0.613 respectively) than the @entity8 and @entity9 subtypes (P  =  0.02). In QST analysis, abnormal pressure @entity3 (assessed as MPT) was frequently observed, with more than half of @entity0 with PC affected (54%), and 57% of @entity0 with @entity6 also exhibiting abnormality in minimum touch threshold (assessed as @entity5 , P  <  0.05). Very few @entity0 were receiving analgesic therapy appropriate for @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Significant @entity1 was observed in PC, which warrants appropriate treatment. The health states observed in this sample are at a level that the average US citizen would forfeit one-third of their remaining lifespan to avoid.

title: Can @entity4 cause @entity1 ? A study in XXXX congenita.

answer: @entity10


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity10 congenita (PC) is a rare @entity4 caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in one of five genes encoding keratin ( @entity7 , @entity9 , @entity11 , @entity8 or @entity6 ; each defining one PC subtype). @entity3 is a prominent symptom, but its severity and type are poorly characterized. METHODS: In total, 35 genotyped US @entity0 with PC consented to clinical assessment including the quality of life (QoL) questionnaire EQ-5D-3L, the Brief @entity3 Inventory (BPI) and painDETECT. Abbreviated quantitative sensory testing (QST) was also performed, and included @entity5 ( @entity5 ), mechanical @entity3 threshold (MPT), wind-up @entity3 ratio (WUR) and vibration detection threshold (VDT). RESULTS: Significant @entity3 in @entity0 with PC was confirmed, as indicated by mean BPI severity and interference of 4.2      1.7 and 4.4      2.2, respectively, as well as @entity2 , as indicated by mean EQ-5D index of 0.69      0.18. PD identified @entity1 in 62% of @entity0 , the remainder being nociceptive. The painDETECT score was most significantly related to EQ-5D index (R(2)   =  0.26, P  =  0.02). The @entity6 and @entity7 subtypes exhibited significantly worse QoL (0.584 and 0.613 respectively) than the @entity8 and @entity9 subtypes (P  =  0.02). In QST analysis, abnormal pressure @entity3 (assessed as MPT) was frequently observed, with more than half of @entity0 with PC affected (54%), and 57% of @entity0 with @entity6 also exhibiting abnormality in minimum touch threshold (assessed as @entity5 , P  <  0.05). Very few @entity0 were receiving analgesic therapy appropriate for @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Significant @entity1 was observed in PC, which warrants appropriate treatment. The health states observed in this sample are at a level that the average US citizen would forfeit one-third of their remaining lifespan to avoid.

title: Can @entity4 cause XXXX ? A study in @entity10 congenita.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity10 congenita (PC) is a rare @entity4 caused by an autosomal dominant mutation in one of five genes encoding keratin ( @entity7 , @entity9 , @entity11 , @entity8 or @entity6 ; each defining one PC subtype). @entity3 is a prominent symptom, but its severity and type are poorly characterized. METHODS: In total, 35 genotyped US @entity0 with PC consented to clinical assessment including the quality of life (QoL) questionnaire EQ-5D-3L, the Brief @entity3 Inventory (BPI) and painDETECT. Abbreviated quantitative sensory testing (QST) was also performed, and included @entity5 ( @entity5 ), mechanical @entity3 threshold (MPT), wind-up @entity3 ratio (WUR) and vibration detection threshold (VDT). RESULTS: Significant @entity3 in @entity0 with PC was confirmed, as indicated by mean BPI severity and interference of 4.2      1.7 and 4.4      2.2, respectively, as well as @entity2 , as indicated by mean EQ-5D index of 0.69      0.18. PD identified @entity1 in 62% of @entity0 , the remainder being nociceptive. The painDETECT score was most significantly related to EQ-5D index (R(2)   =  0.26, P  =  0.02). The @entity6 and @entity7 subtypes exhibited significantly worse QoL (0.584 and 0.613 respectively) than the @entity8 and @entity9 subtypes (P  =  0.02). In QST analysis, abnormal pressure @entity3 (assessed as MPT) was frequently observed, with more than half of @entity0 with PC affected (54%), and 57% of @entity0 with @entity6 also exhibiting abnormality in minimum touch threshold (assessed as @entity5 , P  <  0.05). Very few @entity0 were receiving analgesic therapy appropriate for @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Significant @entity1 was observed in PC, which warrants appropriate treatment. The health states observed in this sample are at a level that the average US citizen would forfeit one-third of their remaining lifespan to avoid.

title: Can XXXX cause @entity1 ? A study in @entity10 congenita.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Osmotic pumps containing @entity2 -derived recombinant @entity0 @entity4 (rhG-CSF) were attached to indwelling jugular vein catheters and implanted subcutaneously into Golden @entity1 . Within 3 days, peripheral granulocyte counts had increased greater than 10-fold with a concomitant 4-fold increase in total leukocytes. Microscopic examination of Wright-Giemsa-stained blood smears from rhG-CSF hamsters showed that only the neutrophil subpopulation of granulocytes had increased. No significant changes in lymphocyte or monocyte counts were observed during the course of continuous rhG-CSF treatment. After subcutaneous injection at rhG-CSF doses of up to 10 micrograms X kg-1 X day-1 only granulocyte counts were affected. However, at higher dose levels, a transient @entity3 was noted. Erythrocyte had lymphocyte/monocyte counts remained unaffected by rhG-CSF over the entire dose range (0.3-300 micrograms X kg-1 X day-1) studied. Total leukocyte counts increased 3-fold within 12 hr after a single s.c. injection of rhG-CSF. This early effect was associated with an increase in the total number of colony-forming cells and the percent of active cycling cells in the marrow. A sustained elevation of peripheral leukocyte and marrow progenitor counts was observed following seven daily s.c. injections of rhG-CSF. The ability of rhG-CSF to increase the production and release of granulocytes from the marrow may underlie the beneficial effect it produced on the restoration of peripheral leukocyte counts in hamsters made leukopenic by treatment with @entity5 .

title: In vivo stimulation of granulopoiesis by recombinant @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Osmotic pumps containing @entity2 -derived recombinant @entity0 @entity4 (rhG-CSF) were attached to indwelling jugular vein catheters and implanted subcutaneously into Golden @entity1 . Within 3 days, peripheral granulocyte counts had increased greater than 10-fold with a concomitant 4-fold increase in total leukocytes. Microscopic examination of Wright-Giemsa-stained blood smears from rhG-CSF hamsters showed that only the neutrophil subpopulation of granulocytes had increased. No significant changes in lymphocyte or monocyte counts were observed during the course of continuous rhG-CSF treatment. After subcutaneous injection at rhG-CSF doses of up to 10 micrograms X kg-1 X day-1 only granulocyte counts were affected. However, at higher dose levels, a transient @entity3 was noted. Erythrocyte had lymphocyte/monocyte counts remained unaffected by rhG-CSF over the entire dose range (0.3-300 micrograms X kg-1 X day-1) studied. Total leukocyte counts increased 3-fold within 12 hr after a single s.c. injection of rhG-CSF. This early effect was associated with an increase in the total number of colony-forming cells and the percent of active cycling cells in the marrow. A sustained elevation of peripheral leukocyte and marrow progenitor counts was observed following seven daily s.c. injections of rhG-CSF. The ability of rhG-CSF to increase the production and release of granulocytes from the marrow may underlie the beneficial effect it produced on the restoration of peripheral leukocyte counts in hamsters made leukopenic by treatment with @entity5 .

title: In vivo stimulation of granulopoiesis by recombinant XXXX @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Recent studies have indicated that @entity3 is a common @entity0 related to long-term @entity1 consumption. Such deficits range from subtle disturbance through a "subclinical" @entity4 to full-blown @entity5 . This finding is congenial with the hypothesized continuum of @entity1 -related @entity3 . Among alcoholics, this @entity3 appears to be etiologically distinct from the commonly observed deficits in abstracting and problem-solving abilities. In the present chapter, a dual and a unitary formulation of memory are contrasted in their ability to present a coherent account of what memory tasks Korsakoff amnesics can and cannot do. The explanations offered by unitary theory are weak compared to those derived from the theory that memory consists of two distinct systems--experiential and abstractive memory. We indicate how the pattern of responding on standard clinical tests of memory can be coherently analyzed post hoc within the dual formulation. A number of experimental predictions are also presented based on the theory that Korsakoff amnesics have a profound impairment of experiential memory, whereas the abstractive system is essentially normal. Such experiments should clarify the nature both of Korsakoff @entity4 and of memory itself. In conclusion, we indicated that @entity3 related to @entity2 can be understood in terms of a gradient, or continuum, of impairment of the experiential system.

title: The chronic effects of XXXX on memory. A contrast between a unitary and dual system approach.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 comprises an excessive nervous and @entity1 response to the high-pressure environment preceding a sporting competition. The use of acupuncture as a treatment option for @entity1 , and wrist-ankle acupuncture (WAA) specifically in this instance, has been identified as a growing trend within the Western world. In our previous study, we have confirmed the efficacy of WAA for pre-examination @entity1 . In this paper, we present a randomized controlled single-blind trial evaluating the use of WAA for @entity2 , comparing it with the intervention of sham acupuncture. METHODS/DESIGN: The study was designed as a randomized controlled single-blind trial to evaluate the effects of WAA for precompetition @entity1 . The trial will be conducted in annual track and field events of Shanghai University of Sport. A total of 100 @entity0 who meet inclusion criteria are randomly assigned by computerized randomization to receive WAA therapy or sham acupuncture. The group allocations and interventions are concealed to @entity0 and statisticians. The Competition State Anxiety Scale (CSAI-2) is used as the primary outcome measure, while heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory frequency, tension syndrome curative effect evaluation and @entity0 ' feeling of acupuncture questionnaire are applied as secondary outcome measures. DISCUSSION: The results of this trial will confirm whether WAA is effective to treat precompetition @entity1 in annual track and field events. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (identifier: ChiCTR-TRC-13003931; registration date: 22 October 2013).

title: Wrist-ankle acupuncture (WAA) for XXXX : study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 is a rare @entity2 and its clinical course is variable. Differentiation of @entity0 with @entity5 from those with @entity5 is often difficult both preoperatively and at operation. For good results, the surgeon must recognize this disorder and perform an en bloc resection at the initial surgery. A neck dissection is necessary only when there is evidence of regional node @entity1 . After surgery, periodic follow-up of the serum @entity3 and iPTH levels is essential. When @entity4 recurs or the serum iPTH increases, localization studies with the use of @entity6 -201 scanning help detect local recurrence and regional lymph node @entity1 , but unfortunately, this method often fails to localize pulmonary @entity1 . Chest radiographs and CT scanning are useful for delineating pulmonary @entity1 . A wide excision of locally recurrent @entity2 , an en bloc radical neck dissection and mediastinum dissection for lymphatic @entity1 , and an aggressive surgical resection of lung @entity1 are recommended. Although these operations are rarely curative, they usually offer definite palliation of the marked @entity4 , often for a considerable period. Drugs to lower the serum @entity3 level and systemic chemotherapy are currently of only limited benefit, and radiation therapy is generally ineffective.

title: How to recognize and treat XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The pCONus is a new stent featuring a distal end that opens like a blossoming flower with four petals. The device is implanted in the @entity2 sac at the level of the neck. We report our initial experience in a series of @entity0 treated with this device. METHODS: This retrospective study was approved by the authors' ethics committees. 18 @entity0 with 19 unruptured wide neck bifurcation @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were treated by pCONus placement and coiling. Technical issues, immediate post treatment angiographic findings, and clinical and imaging follow-up were assessed. RESULTS: Embolization was successful in all @entity0 . There were 11 @entity0 and 7 @entity0 with a mean age of 60   years. Median @entity2 size was 9   mm (range 5.5-25   mm). The device was precisely placed and detached in all cases, allowing for subsequent coiling. Two @entity0 experienced a symptomatic complication, one of which, a @entity3 , was related to the use of the pCONus. This @entity0 had a slight hand paresis. 16 @entity0 had a normal neurological examination at discharge. Immediate anatomical results were 13 complete occlusions, 2 neck remnants, and 4 incomplete occlusions. Imaging follow-up was obtained in 12 @entity0 (mean 9.5   months, range 2-24 months) and showed 9 stable occlusions and 3 recanalizations, of which 2 were retreated. CONCLUSIONS: In this initial series of @entity0 , endovascular treatment of wide neck bifurcation IAs with the pCONus was feasible, with acceptable clinical and anatomical outcomes. Further studies are needed to evaluate the indications, safety, and efficacy of this new device.

title: The pCONus device for the endovascular treatment of wide neck bifurcation XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Between 1994 and 1999, 88 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 were included in a phase II study to evaluate a tandem autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) programme. The first was conditioned with @entity6 200 mg/m2 (MEL200- @entity8 ), and the second with @entity1 , @entity3 and @entity5 (CBV- @entity7 ). All @entity0 were in response after MEL200- @entity8 . A control group of @entity2 @entity0 with response to a single ASCT was selected to compare outcomes. After MEL200- @entity8 , 26 @entity0 (30%) achieved complete remission (CR). Of the remaining 48 evaluable @entity0 , 16 (33%) achieved CR with CBV- @entity7 . The final CR rate was 48%. The 5-year survival ( @entity4 ) was 55%[95% confidence interval (CI) 43-67%] while the event-free survival (EFS) was 28% (95% CI 15-39%). CR status after CBV- @entity7 was the most important prognostic factor for @entity4 and EFS (P = 0.00001), although no differences in outcomes were detected when the @entity0 in CR after MEL200- @entity8 were compared with those who obtained CR after CBV- @entity7 . Univariate and multivariate analyses showed improved @entity4 and EFS for the tandem series as compared with the control series treated with a single MEL200-ASCT. However, in a stratified comparison by response, there were no prognostic differences between tandem @entity0 and control @entity0 treated with a single ASCT. In summary, our study suggests that the benefit of a second high-dose therapy course depends on its capacity to result in CR for @entity2 @entity0 who have not attained CR after @entity8 .

title: Tandem transplants with different high-dose regimens improve the complete remission rates in XXXX . Results of a Grupo Espa  ol de S  ndromes Linfoproliferativos/Trasplante Aut  logo de M  dula Osea phase II trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Introduction @entity1 with an intact atrial septum is a poor predictor of outcomes. Prenatal assessment of pulmonary venous Doppler and emergent postnatal cardiac intervention may be associated with better outcomes. Materials and methods A retrospective review of all @entity1 @entity0 in two centres over a 5-year period was performed. Group 1 included @entity0 with adequate inter-atrial communication. Group 2 included @entity0 with prenatal diagnosis with an intact atrial septum who had immediate transcatheter intervention. Group 3 included @entity0 with intact atrial septum who were not prenatally diagnosed and underwent either delayed intervention or no intervention before stage 1 palliation. Primary outcome was survival up to stage 2 palliation. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity1 with a restrictive atrial communication was 11.2% (n=19 of 170). Overall survival to stage 2 or heart transplantation was 85% and 67% for Groups 1 and 2, respectively (n=129/151, n=8/12; p=0.03), and 0% (n=0/7) for Group 3. Survival benefits were observed between Groups 2 and 3 (p<0.001). Foetal pulmonary vein Doppler reverse/forward velocity time integral ratio of    18% (sensitivity, 0.99, 95% CI, 0.58-1; specificity, 0.99, 95% CI, 0.96-1) was predictive of the need for emergent left atrial decompression. CONCLUSION: Using a multidisciplinary approach and foetal pulmonary vein Doppler, time-saving measures can be instituted by delivering prenatally diagnosed neonates with @entity1 with intact atrial septum close to the cardiac catheterisation suite where left atrial decompression can be performed quickly and safely that may improve survival.

title: Management of XXXX with intact atrial septum: a two-centre experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: A complete set of subtelomeric fluorescent DNA probes, except the acrocentric p-arms, was developed in 1996, was optimized in 1998, and is commercially available. These and other fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes have been used to detect anomalies of the subtelomere regions among groups of @entity0 with @entity4 (MR), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and/or @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and individuals with multiple miscarriages (MM) who were karyotypically normal by standard G-banding techniques. METHODS: A total of 425 @entity0 were analyzed, of whom 372 had idiopathic MR/ @entity2 / @entity1 and 53 were involved in MM. An effort was made to select individuals for this study who were either normal karyotypically or who had @entity5 that were inconclusive by banded chromosome analysis, although this was not always possible. RESULTS: Anomalies involving the subtelomere regions were detected at a frequency of 6.8% in the MR/ @entity2 / @entity1 group. The cryptic or subtle anomalies are estimated to be about 3.4%. It was necessary to use @entity6 , chromosome, and locus specific FISH probes to clarify some of the abnormalities. No abnormalities were detected in the MM group. Deletion variants were present for 2qter, 7pter, and Xpter/Ypter subtelomeric regions ranging from <1 to 9.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The subtelomeric FISH probes are instrumental in the detection of @entity1 in a significant proportion, although no more than 50% are subtle, of @entity0 with idiopathic MR/ @entity2 / @entity1 . In some cases, however, it was necessary to use other FISH probes to clarify the nature of these abnormalities. No @entity3 were detected in our group of 53 MM @entity0 , suggesting a relatively low frequency of occurrence in this @entity0 population.

title: Utility of subtelomeric fluorescent DNA probes for detection of XXXX in 425 @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: A complete set of subtelomeric fluorescent DNA probes, except the acrocentric p-arms, was developed in 1996, was optimized in 1998, and is commercially available. These and other fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probes have been used to detect anomalies of the subtelomere regions among groups of @entity0 with @entity4 (MR), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and/or @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and individuals with multiple miscarriages (MM) who were karyotypically normal by standard G-banding techniques. METHODS: A total of 425 @entity0 were analyzed, of whom 372 had idiopathic MR/ @entity2 / @entity1 and 53 were involved in MM. An effort was made to select individuals for this study who were either normal karyotypically or who had @entity5 that were inconclusive by banded chromosome analysis, although this was not always possible. RESULTS: Anomalies involving the subtelomere regions were detected at a frequency of 6.8% in the MR/ @entity2 / @entity1 group. The cryptic or subtle anomalies are estimated to be about 3.4%. It was necessary to use @entity6 , chromosome, and locus specific FISH probes to clarify some of the abnormalities. No abnormalities were detected in the MM group. Deletion variants were present for 2qter, 7pter, and Xpter/Ypter subtelomeric regions ranging from <1 to 9.6%. CONCLUSIONS: The subtelomeric FISH probes are instrumental in the detection of @entity1 in a significant proportion, although no more than 50% are subtle, of @entity0 with idiopathic MR/ @entity2 / @entity1 . In some cases, however, it was necessary to use other FISH probes to clarify the nature of these abnormalities. No @entity3 were detected in our group of 53 MM @entity0 , suggesting a relatively low frequency of occurrence in this @entity0 population.

title: Utility of subtelomeric fluorescent DNA probes for detection of @entity5 in 425 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The overlap of metabolites is a major limitation in one-dimensional (1D) spectral-based single-voxel @entity7 and multivoxel-based MRSI. By combining echo planar spectroscopic imaging (EPSI) with a two-dimensional (2D) J-resolved spectroscopic (JPRESS) sequence, 2D spectra can be recorded in multiple locations in a single slice of prostate using four-dimensional (4D) echo planar J-resolved spectroscopic imaging (EP-JRESI). The goal of the present work was to validate two different non-linear reconstruction methods independently using compressed sensing-based 4D EP-JRESI in @entity2 ( @entity2 ): maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and total variation (TV). Twenty-two @entity0 with @entity2 with a mean age of 63.8 years (range, 46-79 years) were investigated in this study. A 4D non-uniformly undersampled (NUS) EP-JRESI sequence was implemented on a Siemens 3-T MRI scanner. The NUS data were reconstructed using two non-linear reconstruction methods, namely MaxEnt and TV. Using both TV and MaxEnt reconstruction methods, the following observations were made in @entity1 compared with non- @entity1 locations: (i) higher mean ( @entity4 + @entity3 )/ @entity6 metabolite ratios; (ii) increased levels of ( @entity4 + @entity3 )/ @entity8 and ( @entity4 + @entity3 )/ @entity9 ; and (iii) decreased levels of ( @entity4 + @entity3 )/( @entity5 + @entity5 ). We have shown that it is possible to accelerate the 4D EP-JRESI sequence by four times and that the data can be reliably reconstructed using the TV and MaxEnt methods. The total acquisition duration was less than 13 min and we were able to detect and quantify several metabolites. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Accelerated echo planar J-resolved spectroscopic imaging in XXXX : a pilot validation of non-linear reconstruction using total variation and maximum entropy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We conducted a systematic search to describe the current state of knowledge regarding the utility of saliva for clinical pharmacokinetic monitoring (CPM) of antibiotics. Although the majority of identified studies lacked sufficient pharmacokinetic data needed to assign an appropriate suitability classification, most @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity1 / @entity3 , and @entity5 are likely not suitable for CPM in saliva. No clear pattern of correlation was observed between physiochemical properties that favor drug distribution into saliva and the likelihood of the antibiotic being classified as suitable for CPM in saliva (and vice versa). Insufficient data were available to determine if pathophysiological conditions affected salivary distribution of antibiotics. Additional confirmatory data are required for drugs (especially in @entity0 ) that are deemed likely suitable for CPM in saliva because only a few studies were available and many focused only on healthy subjects. All studies identified had relatively small sample sizes and exhibited large variability. Very few studies reported salivary collection parameters (e.g., salivary flow, pH) that could potentially have some impact on drug distribution into saliva. The available data are heavily weighted on healthy subjects, and insufficient data were available to determine if pathophysiology had effects on saliva drug distribution. Some studies also lacked assay sensitivity for detecting antibiotics in saliva. Overall, this review can be useful to clinicians who desire an overview on the suitability of saliva for conducting CPM of specific antibiotics, or for researchers who wish to fill the identified knowledge gaps to move the science of salivary CPM further.

title: A Qualitative Review on the Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in Saliva: Implications on Clinical Pharmacokinetic Monitoring in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity8 and adult @entity5 ( @entity8 / @entity9 ) have a substantial mortality rate even with currently available treatments. Although therapeutic plasma exchange is the recommended treatment of @entity8 / @entity9 , this cumbersome procedure may not be available for all @entity0 in an emergency. In this context, plasma infusion may represent an alternative first-line therapy. We compared the effectiveness of high-dose plasma infusion (25-30 mL/kg per day) and therapeutic plasma exchange as first-line treatment of adult @entity8 / @entity9 at a single center. Two groups of @entity0 with @entity8 / @entity9 were identified according to their initial therapy, that is, high-dose plasma infusion (19 @entity0 ) and therapeutic plasma exchange (18 @entity0 ). Clinical charts and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Endpoints for comparison were the duration of platelet counts below 150 x 10 /L and LDH levels above normal values; the volumes of plasma administered and the duration of treatment; complete remission, relapse, and mortality rates; and treatment-related complications. @entity0 of the 2 groups had comparable clinical and laboratory features on admission. Sixteen @entity0 achieved complete remission in each group. Median times to recovery of platelet counts and LDH levels were comparable between the 2 groups. Eight @entity0 in the high-dose plasma infusion (HD-PI) group were switched to therapeutic plasma exchange because of @entity4 (6 @entity0 ), persistent biologic disturbances (1 @entity0 ), or @entity10 to high-dose plasma infusion treatment (1 @entity0 ). This latter @entity0 had severe @entity8 / @entity9 that remained refractory to therapeutic plasma exchange and @entity6 , and rapidly died. All 7 remaining @entity0 achieved complete remission with therapeutic plasma exchange. Four @entity0 in the HD-PI group and 3 @entity0 in the therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) group died. In the HD-PI group, 5 @entity0 experienced a transient @entity7 -range @entity1 during treatment. Main complications in the TPE group were collapse (1 @entity0 ) and central @entity3 (2 @entity0 ) or @entity2 (1 @entity0 ). Three @entity0 in each group relapsed. High-dose plasma infusion may be an efficient treatment of @entity8 / @entity9 in @entity0 who cannot have early plasma exchange. However, the large volumes of plasma required to reach complete remission may result in @entity4 , which may necessitate subsequent therapeutic plasma exchange.

title: High-dose plasma infusion versus plasma exchange as early treatment of XXXX / @entity5 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity8 and adult @entity5 ( @entity8 / @entity9 ) have a substantial mortality rate even with currently available treatments. Although therapeutic plasma exchange is the recommended treatment of @entity8 / @entity9 , this cumbersome procedure may not be available for all @entity0 in an emergency. In this context, plasma infusion may represent an alternative first-line therapy. We compared the effectiveness of high-dose plasma infusion (25-30 mL/kg per day) and therapeutic plasma exchange as first-line treatment of adult @entity8 / @entity9 at a single center. Two groups of @entity0 with @entity8 / @entity9 were identified according to their initial therapy, that is, high-dose plasma infusion (19 @entity0 ) and therapeutic plasma exchange (18 @entity0 ). Clinical charts and outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Endpoints for comparison were the duration of platelet counts below 150 x 10 /L and LDH levels above normal values; the volumes of plasma administered and the duration of treatment; complete remission, relapse, and mortality rates; and treatment-related complications. @entity0 of the 2 groups had comparable clinical and laboratory features on admission. Sixteen @entity0 achieved complete remission in each group. Median times to recovery of platelet counts and LDH levels were comparable between the 2 groups. Eight @entity0 in the high-dose plasma infusion (HD-PI) group were switched to therapeutic plasma exchange because of @entity4 (6 @entity0 ), persistent biologic disturbances (1 @entity0 ), or @entity10 to high-dose plasma infusion treatment (1 @entity0 ). This latter @entity0 had severe @entity8 / @entity9 that remained refractory to therapeutic plasma exchange and @entity6 , and rapidly died. All 7 remaining @entity0 achieved complete remission with therapeutic plasma exchange. Four @entity0 in the HD-PI group and 3 @entity0 in the therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) group died. In the HD-PI group, 5 @entity0 experienced a transient @entity7 -range @entity1 during treatment. Main complications in the TPE group were collapse (1 @entity0 ) and central @entity3 (2 @entity0 ) or @entity2 (1 @entity0 ). Three @entity0 in each group relapsed. High-dose plasma infusion may be an efficient treatment of @entity8 / @entity9 in @entity0 who cannot have early plasma exchange. However, the large volumes of plasma required to reach complete remission may result in @entity4 , which may necessitate subsequent therapeutic plasma exchange.

title: High-dose plasma infusion versus plasma exchange as early treatment of @entity8 / XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Both @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and Goal Management Training (GMT) have been shown effective cognitive rehabilitation methods aimed at optimizing the performance on everyday skills after @entity3 . We examine whether a combination of @entity5 and GMT is superior to traditional GMT for training complex daily tasks in brain-injured @entity0 with @entity2 . This was an assessor-blinded randomized controlled trial conducted in 67 @entity0 with @entity1 due to @entity3 of non-progressive nature (minimal post-onset time: 3 months), referred for outpatient rehabilitation. Individually selected everyday tasks were trained using 8 sessions of an experimental combination of @entity5 and GMT or via conventional GMT, which follows a @entity4 . Primary outcome measure was everyday task performance assessed after treatment compared to baseline. Goal attainment scaling, rated by both trainers and @entity0 , was used as secondary outcome measure. @entity5 -GMT improved everyday task performance significantly more than conventional GMT (adjusted difference 15.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] [4.52, 26.35]; Cohen's d=0.74). Goal attainment, as scored by the trainers, was significantly higher after @entity5 -GMT compared to conventional GMT (mean difference 7.34, 95% CI [2.99, 11.68]; Cohen's d=0.87). The @entity0 ' goal attainment scores did not differ between the two treatment arms (mean difference 3.51, 95% CI [-1.41, 8.44]). Our study is the first to show that preventing the occurrence of errors during executive strategy training enhances the acquisition of everyday activities. A combined @entity5 -GMT intervention is a valuable contribution to cognitive rehabilitation in clinical practice.

title: Do Old Errors Always Lead to New Truths? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Errorless Goal Management Training in Brain-Injured XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To report @entity1 (HA) implant enhancement patterns on magnetic resonance (MR) images at varying time intervals after implantation. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 45 consecutive @entity0 (from one author's practice) who underwent an MR imaging study 2 to 157 months after HA orbital implant placement. Implant fibrovascular ingrowth was assessed by analyzing the extent of implant enhancement seen on MR imaging. RESULTS Of 21 @entity0 undergoing @entity2 T1-weighted MR imaging 2 to 7 weeks after HA placement, 15 had enhancement limited to the implant rim (Grade I or less). Five @entity0 had peripheral foci of enhancement (Grade II), and one @entity0 had foci of enhancement extending to the center of the implant (Grade III). MR images obtained 9 to 15 weeks after HA insertion in all 14 @entity0 had some degree of central enhancement (Grade III) and 11 had homogeneous enhancement throughout the implant (Grade IV or V). Seven @entity0 in the homogeneous group were believed to have particularly intense enhancement patterns (Grade V). Of the 10 @entity0 undergoing MR imaging from 31 to 69 weeks after surgery, 5 had Grade III enhancement and 5 had Grade IV enhancement. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated consistent central HA orbital implant enhancement on MR imaging in the 9- to 15-week group and the >31-week postoperative group. HA orbital implant drilling and peg placement should be performed after central vascularization of the spherical implant has occurred. The results of this study support the principle of performing orbital implant drilling and peg placement at least 5 to 6 months after HA implant insertion.

title: XXXX orbital implant vascularization assessed by magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effects of sera from male type I (insulin-dependent) diabetics in variable metabolic control were studied on the proliferation and the synthesis of hyaluronic acid, collagen and non-collagenous proteins in cultured @entity0 aortic smooth muscle cells (HSMCs). Sera from diabetics in poor metabolic control had a decreased growth-promoting effect on HSMCs as compared with that of sera from non- @entity1 healthy male controls. The synthesis of hyaluronic acid in HSMCs was increased in the presence of type I @entity1 sera, irrespective of the metabolic control of serum donors. The synthesis of collagen by HSMCs was stimulated only by the @entity1 sera which were derived from diabetics in poor metabolic control. The synthesis of non-collagenous proteins in HSMCs was not affected by type I @entity1 sera. The stimulatory effect of @entity1 sera on hyaluronic acid synthesis by HSMCs correlated inversely with plasma HDL @entity2 of serum donors, whereas the effect of @entity1 sera on DNA and collagen syntheses in HSMCs showed an inverse correlation with plasma @entity3 of serum donors. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-I did not correlate with the above functions of HSMCs. Addition of insulin and growth hormone directly into HSMC cultures had no effect on the proliferation or synthesis of connective tissue macromolecules of HSMCs. The results suggest that type I @entity1 sera contain factors other than insulin, growth hormone or insulin-like growth factor-I that affect the proliferation and synthesis of @entity4 and collagen of HSMCs in culture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effect of sera from male type I (insulin-dependent) diabetics on XXXX aortic smooth muscle cells in culture.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Studies on early life @entity1 and risk of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are inconsistent but have mostly been limited to retrospective designs, inpatient data, or insufficient statistical power. We aimed to test whether early life @entity1 are associated with increased risk of later @entity2 using prospective population-based data. METHODS: This study, based on the Norwegian Mother and @entity0 Cohort Study, includes prospective, repeated assessments of parent-reported infectious disease data up to 18 months of age for 72,921 @entity0 born between 2000 and 2009. @entity2 was identified through parental questionnaires and the Norwegian @entity0 Registry. Logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios adjusted for @entity0 's age and sex (aOR). RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 8.5 years (range, 4.5-14.5), 581 @entity0 (0.8%) were diagnosed with @entity2 . @entity0 with >= 10 @entity1 (>= fourth quartile) up to age 18 months had a significantly higher risk of later @entity2 , as compared with @entity0 with  <=4 @entity1 ( <=first quartile; aOR=1.32; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.06-1.65; per increase in infectious episodes, aOR=1.03; 95% CI=1.02-1.05). The aORs per increase in specific types of @entity1 were as follows: @entity3 : 1.03 (95% CI=1.02-1.05); lower respiratory tract @entity1 : 1.12 (95% CI=1.01-1.23); and @entity4 : 1.05 (95% CI=0.99-1.11). Additional adjustments for maternal @entity2 , education level, smoking, birth weight, prematurity, @entity0 feeding practices, birth season, and antibiotic treatment yielded largely unchanged results. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first large-scale population-based cohort study of this association. Our results are in line with immunological data suggesting that early life @entity1 may have a role in @entity2 development. However, non-causal explanations for this association due to surveillance bias and reverse causation cannot be excluded.

title: Infections and risk of XXXX in childhood: a prospective nationwide cohort study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dendritic cells (DCs) are superior in their ability to induce and control adaptive immune responses. These qualities have motivated the hypothesis that targeted delivery of antigen to DCs in  vivo may be an effective way of enhancing immunization. Recent results show that antigen targeted to certain DC surface molecules may indeed induce robust immune responses. Targeting of antigen to DCs can be accomplished by the means of monoclonal antibodies. This study compared the humoral responses induced in @entity0 by in  vivo targeting of DCs using monoclonal antibodies specific for @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity7 and PDC-TREM. The results demonstrate that antigen delivery to different targets on DCs in  vivo gives rise to humoral responses that differ in strength. Targeting of antigen to @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity4 and PDC-TREM induced significantly stronger antibody responses compared to non-targeted isotype-matched controls. Targeting of @entity6 and @entity7 did not lead to efficient antibody responses, which may be due to unfavourable properties of the targeting antibody, in which case, other antibodies with the same specificity might elicit a different outcome. Anti- @entity2 was additionally used for elucidating the impact of the route of vaccination, and the results showed only minor differences between the antibody responses induced after immunization either s.c., i.v. or i.p. Altogether, these data show that targeting of different surface molecules on DCs result in very different antibody responses and that, even in the absence of adjuvants, strong humoral responses was induced.

title: Enhanced Humoral Responses Induced by Targeting of Antigen to XXXX Dendritic Cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Quantification of @entity0 hemoglobin (Hb) is essential for diagnosis of @entity2 , especially for screening for @entity4 and @entity5 . The main methods currently used for quantification of Hb, including spectrophotometry, fluorimetry, and electrochemical assays, are all based on the structural integrity of Hb, which could be affected by @entity3 and degradation. When used for disease screening, whole blood specimens cannot meet requirements for sample collecting, transport, and storage. Here, we report a novel MS-MS method for quantification of Hb from dried blood spots (DBS) by use of a triple-quadrupole mass spectrometer. Proteospecific peptides from a-globin chains were selected after tryptic digestion. The precursor    >    product ion transitions of representative peptides were studied to identify the best choice with regard to sensitivity and chromatographic properties. For quantification, stable isotope-labeled peptides were used as internal standards. The concentration of Hb in each sample was obtained by calculation on the basis of established equations. The precision of the method was within 15  % and accuracy was in the range -7 to 13.0  %. Compared with routine clinical results obtained by use of the automated hematology analyzer (AHA) assay, the correlation, r (2), was >0.993. When used for determination of @entity2 levels the sensitivity of the assay was 95.7  % and specificity 96.5  %. Our new approach for quantification of the concentration of Hb from DBS is feasible, and precision is acceptable. The method could be used for determination of @entity2 levels when screening for @entity1 . Graphical Abstract Quantification of @entity0 hemoglobin from digested dried blood spot samples using tandem mass spectrometry.

title: A novel method for quantification of XXXX hemoglobin from dried blood spots by use of tandem mass spectrometry.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A 56-year-old @entity0 was diagnosed with immunoglobulin (Ig) A-k multiple @entity6 in July 2007. After three courses of @entity8 , @entity3 , and @entity2 (VAD) chemotherapy, autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation was performed and achieved a very good partial response. In February 2010, an increase in the M-protein concentration and plasmacytoma in the L3/4 lumbar vertebrae were observed, and radiation treatment was performed. This was followed by administrations of @entity7 , @entity12 , and @entity9 , none of which achieved a good response. In November 2011, the @entity0 presented with @entity10 , and imaging tests revealed @entity1 in the lower bile duct region and bilateral kidneys. @entity11 was diagnosed from biopsy of the right renal mass. Radiotherapy to the common @entity5 resulted in @entity4 amelioration, but the @entity0 died despite subsequent treatment efforts. Autopsy revealed multiple extramedullary lesions in the abdominal cavity and in the region around the common bile duct. @entity13 shedding was observed in the @entity6 cells. We include a discussion of the literature on @entity13 shedding and 38 reports of @entity10 associated with extramedullary disease.

title: [Relapsed/refractory multiple @entity6 with XXXX shedding and formation of extramedullary disease in the common bile duct region presenting as @entity10 ].

answer: @entity13


abstract: A 56-year-old @entity0 was diagnosed with immunoglobulin (Ig) A-k multiple @entity6 in July 2007. After three courses of @entity8 , @entity3 , and @entity2 (VAD) chemotherapy, autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation was performed and achieved a very good partial response. In February 2010, an increase in the M-protein concentration and plasmacytoma in the L3/4 lumbar vertebrae were observed, and radiation treatment was performed. This was followed by administrations of @entity7 , @entity12 , and @entity9 , none of which achieved a good response. In November 2011, the @entity0 presented with @entity10 , and imaging tests revealed @entity1 in the lower bile duct region and bilateral kidneys. @entity11 was diagnosed from biopsy of the right renal mass. Radiotherapy to the common @entity5 resulted in @entity4 amelioration, but the @entity0 died despite subsequent treatment efforts. Autopsy revealed multiple extramedullary lesions in the abdominal cavity and in the region around the common bile duct. @entity13 shedding was observed in the @entity6 cells. We include a discussion of the literature on @entity13 shedding and 38 reports of @entity10 associated with extramedullary disease.

title: [Relapsed/refractory multiple XXXX with @entity13 shedding and formation of extramedullary disease in the common bile duct region presenting as @entity10 ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: A 56-year-old @entity0 was diagnosed with immunoglobulin (Ig) A-k multiple @entity6 in July 2007. After three courses of @entity8 , @entity3 , and @entity2 (VAD) chemotherapy, autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation was performed and achieved a very good partial response. In February 2010, an increase in the M-protein concentration and plasmacytoma in the L3/4 lumbar vertebrae were observed, and radiation treatment was performed. This was followed by administrations of @entity7 , @entity12 , and @entity9 , none of which achieved a good response. In November 2011, the @entity0 presented with @entity10 , and imaging tests revealed @entity1 in the lower bile duct region and bilateral kidneys. @entity11 was diagnosed from biopsy of the right renal mass. Radiotherapy to the common @entity5 resulted in @entity4 amelioration, but the @entity0 died despite subsequent treatment efforts. Autopsy revealed multiple extramedullary lesions in the abdominal cavity and in the region around the common bile duct. @entity13 shedding was observed in the @entity6 cells. We include a discussion of the literature on @entity13 shedding and 38 reports of @entity10 associated with extramedullary disease.

title: [Relapsed/refractory multiple @entity6 with @entity13 shedding and formation of extramedullary disease in the common bile duct region presenting as XXXX ].

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: Splanchnic artery areurysm is a rare but clinically relevant disease, showing a high mortality rate in emergency surgery. Reports on @entity2 are rare and often anecdotal. The aim of this study is to discuss data obtained from 16 @entity0 in a single vascular surgery center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 1987 and December 2000, 16 @entity0 underwent surgery for splanchnic @entity1 . In 13 @entity0 the localization was single (in two associated with an infrarenal @entity6 ) and in 3 @entity0 multiple. The arteries involved were: splenic (8), @entity9 , superior mesenteric (3), ileocolic (2), and pancreatoduodenal (1). 13 @entity0 were asymptomatic and 3 presentec with @entity4 . All @entity0 underwent CT scan, and abdominal aortic and selective visceral artery angiography. Before surgery, all @entity0 underwent cerebral MR or cerebral CT scan. 13 @entity0 underwent open vascular surgery; 3 @entity0 (2 splenic and 1 hepatic) underwent endovascular procedure (angioembolization). Histological examination of the aneurysmal wall was obtained in 14 @entity0 . Ultrasound examination was performed after 6 months, then yearly. 14 @entity0 underwent abdominal CT scan during the long-term follow-up. RESULTS: Perioperative mortality was absent. 12 cases were classified as displastic, with minor or major secondary @entity5 changes, and in many cases severe calcications. 2 cases were classified as @entity5 . Cerebral MR did not show any cases of @entity8 . One @entity0 was lost at follow-up after 9 years. One @entity0 showed a recurrence at 6 years (superior mesenteric artery): the @entity0 underwent a new surgical procedure and died 20 days after surgery for intestinal @entity7 . All abdominal follow-up CT scans show good results of the vascular reconstruction and escluded other new visceral or aortic @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 are an uncommon form of @entity3 showing a high postoperative mortality rate in emergencies. Surgery, and in selected cases, endovascular treatment, can successfully manage splanchnic @entity3 and low recurrence.

title: XXXX : a single center experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nutritional status is an important factor in predicting the risk associated with surgery for @entity1 @entity0 . This is especially true in @entity2 . Many nutritional assessments are used in clinical practice, but those assessments are rarely evaluated for their ability to predict postoperative outcome. METHODS: This is a retrospective, multi-institutional study of the ACS-NSQIP database, investigating preoperative nutrition status and its association with postoperative mortality and morbidity. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity5 is higher in @entity2 , when compared with other most common @entity1 . Among 42,483 @entity2 @entity0 postoperative mortality was significantly associated with @entity6 (hazard ratio = 3.064, p < 0.001), body @entity4 (hazard ratio = 1.229, p = 0.033) and body mass index of <18.5 kg/m(2) (hazard ratio = 1.797, p < 0.001). Only @entity6 significantly predicted all @entity3 , even in further multivariate logistic regression analyses (p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that the @entity6 group had the highest coefficient in significant association with length of total hospital stay (B = 3.585, p < 0.001) and overall complication (B = 0.119, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity2 , @entity5 significantly contributes to postoperative mortality, morbidity and length of total hospital stay. @entity6 , with levels below 3.5 g/dl, serves as an excellent assessment tool and preoperative predictor of postoperative outcomes.

title: Preoperative XXXX assessments as predictors of postoperative mortality and morbidity in @entity2 : an analysis of ACS-NSQIP.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Nutritional status is an important factor in predicting the risk associated with surgery for @entity1 @entity0 . This is especially true in @entity2 . Many nutritional assessments are used in clinical practice, but those assessments are rarely evaluated for their ability to predict postoperative outcome. METHODS: This is a retrospective, multi-institutional study of the ACS-NSQIP database, investigating preoperative nutrition status and its association with postoperative mortality and morbidity. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity5 is higher in @entity2 , when compared with other most common @entity1 . Among 42,483 @entity2 @entity0 postoperative mortality was significantly associated with @entity6 (hazard ratio = 3.064, p < 0.001), body @entity4 (hazard ratio = 1.229, p = 0.033) and body mass index of <18.5 kg/m(2) (hazard ratio = 1.797, p < 0.001). Only @entity6 significantly predicted all @entity3 , even in further multivariate logistic regression analyses (p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that the @entity6 group had the highest coefficient in significant association with length of total hospital stay (B = 3.585, p < 0.001) and overall complication (B = 0.119, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity2 , @entity5 significantly contributes to postoperative mortality, morbidity and length of total hospital stay. @entity6 , with levels below 3.5 g/dl, serves as an excellent assessment tool and preoperative predictor of postoperative outcomes.

title: Preoperative @entity5 assessments as predictors of postoperative mortality and morbidity in XXXX : an analysis of ACS-NSQIP.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to explore the feasibility and mid-term patency of an easier anastomotic technique for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Eight mongrel @entity0 (+/-15 kg) underwent direct @entity1 between the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) and the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) via inferior sternotomy on the beating heart. After positioning the graft, the distal part of the LAD was opened to allow retrograde filling of the LITA-graft. The @entity1 was secured by the use of biological glue (BioGlue, Cryolife, Marietta, GA, USA). No intravascular suture material was used. Ischemic time averaged 6 min. The proximal LAD was occluded upstream the arteriotomy. All survivors were angiographically controlled for patency after 6-8 weeks. Consequently, four @entity0 were sacrificed after 6 weeks and the remaining after 3 months for anatomo-pathological and histological examination by light and electron microscopy of the anastomotic site. RESULTS: All procedures were successful except for one animal that died of uncontrollable @entity3 at the anastomotic site. Another sustained post-operative transmural anterior @entity4 due to a late graft occlusion. All angiographically controlled grafts were patent with two vascular strings near the anastomotic site. Histology showed early macrophage infiltration into the glue. At post-mortem examination, new endothelialization was noticed in 80% of the cases. However, ultrastructural examination detected marked differences in endothelial fibroblastic lining compared to normal histology. CONCLUSIONS: Good mid-term permeability of the LITA grafts was observed in this new anastomotic technique for @entity2 in the @entity0 model. Although neo-endothelialization was present in most cases, ultrastructural differences were noticed after 3 months in the neo-intima compared to normal.

title: An experimental model of coronary XXXX without suturing.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The genetic determinants of resistance to @entity3 in @entity0 parasites are unclear. Some studies have implied that amplification of, or mutations in, the multidrug resistance gene pfmdr1 in @entity1 may be involved. Using the rodent @entity0 model @entity4 , we investigated the role of the orthologue of this gene, pcmdr1, in a stable @entity3 -resistant mutant, @entity2 (15MF/3), selected from a sensitive clone. pcmdr1 exists as a single copy gene on chromosome 12 of the sensitive clone. In @entity2 (15MF/3), the gene was found to have undergone duplication, with one copy translocating to chromosome 4. mRNA levels of pcmdr1 were higher in the mutant than in the parent sensitive clone. A partial genetic map of the translocation showed that other genes in addition to pcmdr1 had been cotranslocated. The sequences of both copies of pcmdr1 of @entity2 (15MF/3) were identical to that of the parent sensitive clone. A cross was made between @entity2 (15MF/3) and an unrelated @entity3 -sensitive clone, AJ. Phenotypic and molecular analysis of progeny clones showed that duplication and overexpression of the pcmdr1 gene was an important determinant of resistance. However, not all @entity3 -resistant progeny contained the duplicated gene, showing that at least one other gene was involved in resistance.

title: Genetics of XXXX resistance in the rodent @entity0 parasite @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The genetic determinants of resistance to @entity3 in @entity0 parasites are unclear. Some studies have implied that amplification of, or mutations in, the multidrug resistance gene pfmdr1 in @entity1 may be involved. Using the rodent @entity0 model @entity4 , we investigated the role of the orthologue of this gene, pcmdr1, in a stable @entity3 -resistant mutant, @entity2 (15MF/3), selected from a sensitive clone. pcmdr1 exists as a single copy gene on chromosome 12 of the sensitive clone. In @entity2 (15MF/3), the gene was found to have undergone duplication, with one copy translocating to chromosome 4. mRNA levels of pcmdr1 were higher in the mutant than in the parent sensitive clone. A partial genetic map of the translocation showed that other genes in addition to pcmdr1 had been cotranslocated. The sequences of both copies of pcmdr1 of @entity2 (15MF/3) were identical to that of the parent sensitive clone. A cross was made between @entity2 (15MF/3) and an unrelated @entity3 -sensitive clone, AJ. Phenotypic and molecular analysis of progeny clones showed that duplication and overexpression of the pcmdr1 gene was an important determinant of resistance. However, not all @entity3 -resistant progeny contained the duplicated gene, showing that at least one other gene was involved in resistance.

title: Genetics of @entity3 resistance in the rodent @entity0 parasite XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The genetic determinants of resistance to @entity3 in @entity0 parasites are unclear. Some studies have implied that amplification of, or mutations in, the multidrug resistance gene pfmdr1 in @entity1 may be involved. Using the rodent @entity0 model @entity4 , we investigated the role of the orthologue of this gene, pcmdr1, in a stable @entity3 -resistant mutant, @entity2 (15MF/3), selected from a sensitive clone. pcmdr1 exists as a single copy gene on chromosome 12 of the sensitive clone. In @entity2 (15MF/3), the gene was found to have undergone duplication, with one copy translocating to chromosome 4. mRNA levels of pcmdr1 were higher in the mutant than in the parent sensitive clone. A partial genetic map of the translocation showed that other genes in addition to pcmdr1 had been cotranslocated. The sequences of both copies of pcmdr1 of @entity2 (15MF/3) were identical to that of the parent sensitive clone. A cross was made between @entity2 (15MF/3) and an unrelated @entity3 -sensitive clone, AJ. Phenotypic and molecular analysis of progeny clones showed that duplication and overexpression of the pcmdr1 gene was an important determinant of resistance. However, not all @entity3 -resistant progeny contained the duplicated gene, showing that at least one other gene was involved in resistance.

title: Genetics of @entity3 resistance in the rodent XXXX parasite @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Little is known about the quality of life of adults with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) since childhood. In a long-term follow-up study, we assessed quality of life in these @entity0 and compared their outcomes with those in the general population and in dialysis @entity0 with adult-onset of @entity1 . METHODS: All Dutch adult @entity0 with onset of @entity1 at age 0-14 years between 1972 and 1992 were asked to complete the RAND-36 questionnaire. We obtained clinical information by reviewing all available medical charts, and by current history. @entity0 scores were compared with those of age-matched healthy controls and with those of @entity0 with adult onset of dialysis, of whom data were derived from a national study on the adequacy of dialysis (NECOSAD-2). RESULTS: We obtained a complete RAND-36 score in 131 of 187 surviving @entity0 . Clinical characteristics of @entity0 and non- @entity0 were similar. Compared with the general population, we found a higher prevalence of impaired quality of life in dialysis @entity0 in the following domains: physical functioning, role limitations due to physical health, social functioning (SF), general health perception (GH) and physical component summary. In other domains, impaired quality of life was equally or less prevalent (mental component summary). In transplanted @entity0 , only impaired GH and SF were more prevalent. In dialysis @entity0 with adult @entity1 onset, impaired quality of life was more prevalent than in the general population in all domains, except in emotional role limitations. CONCLUSIONS: Dialysis @entity0 with paediatric @entity1 have an impaired physical quality of life, but in contrast to dialysis @entity0 with adult @entity1 onset, they have a normal mental quality of life.

title: Quality of life in adults with XXXX since childhood is only partially impaired.

answer: @entity1


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Histologic analysis of the hydropic and normal @entity3 cochleae was undertaken to assess a potential correlation between the magnitude of @entity6 and @entity2 . It was hypothesized that a greater correlation than previously reported might be found by looking at long-standing @entity6 and high-frequency range hearing. BACKGROUND: Surgically induced @entity6 in @entity3 is the most widely used animal model for the study of @entity0 M  ni  re's Disease and recapitulates both @entity6 and progressive @entity4 . A strong correlation between the magnitude of @entity1 and severity of @entity2 has been reported in the @entity0 condition, but not in the animal model. METHODS: Nine albino @entity3 were each subjected to surgical obstruction of the endolymphatic sac and duct of the right ear. The left ears remained as internal histologic controls. Hearing was assessed from 2 kHz to 32 kHz by auditory brain stem response testing for 16 to 25 weeks after surgery. Histologic morphometry after the animals were killed was used to quantify both turn-specific and weighted overall @entity1 . These measures were correlated with @entity2 in each animal at all tested frequencies. RESULTS: A statistically significant correlation between the magnitude of @entity1 and the severity of @entity2 was observed for 2 kHz and 16 kHz. These frequencies correlated with both turn-specific @entity1 and overall @entity1 . However, turn-specific @entity1 did not reliably correlate with the magnitude of @entity2 at anatomically appropriate frequency ranges. Where such a correlation did exist, it might well have been simply part of an expression of an overall correlation between @entity1 and @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: There may be a greater correlation between @entity1 and @entity2 in @entity3 with long-standing surgically induced @entity1 than has previously been reported in animals with @entity5 . These findings help to validate continued use of the model for @entity2 related to M  ni  re's Disease, verify the rationale of treatment modalities aimed at reducing @entity1 in the @entity0 condition, and may indicate that efforts at reducing @entity1 in such @entity0 has benefits toward long-term hearing preservation.

title: Correlation between XXXX and scala media area in @entity3 with long-standing @entity6 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Histologic analysis of the hydropic and normal @entity3 cochleae was undertaken to assess a potential correlation between the magnitude of @entity6 and @entity2 . It was hypothesized that a greater correlation than previously reported might be found by looking at long-standing @entity6 and high-frequency range hearing. BACKGROUND: Surgically induced @entity6 in @entity3 is the most widely used animal model for the study of @entity0 M  ni  re's Disease and recapitulates both @entity6 and progressive @entity4 . A strong correlation between the magnitude of @entity1 and severity of @entity2 has been reported in the @entity0 condition, but not in the animal model. METHODS: Nine albino @entity3 were each subjected to surgical obstruction of the endolymphatic sac and duct of the right ear. The left ears remained as internal histologic controls. Hearing was assessed from 2 kHz to 32 kHz by auditory brain stem response testing for 16 to 25 weeks after surgery. Histologic morphometry after the animals were killed was used to quantify both turn-specific and weighted overall @entity1 . These measures were correlated with @entity2 in each animal at all tested frequencies. RESULTS: A statistically significant correlation between the magnitude of @entity1 and the severity of @entity2 was observed for 2 kHz and 16 kHz. These frequencies correlated with both turn-specific @entity1 and overall @entity1 . However, turn-specific @entity1 did not reliably correlate with the magnitude of @entity2 at anatomically appropriate frequency ranges. Where such a correlation did exist, it might well have been simply part of an expression of an overall correlation between @entity1 and @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: There may be a greater correlation between @entity1 and @entity2 in @entity3 with long-standing surgically induced @entity1 than has previously been reported in animals with @entity5 . These findings help to validate continued use of the model for @entity2 related to M  ni  re's Disease, verify the rationale of treatment modalities aimed at reducing @entity1 in the @entity0 condition, and may indicate that efforts at reducing @entity1 in such @entity0 has benefits toward long-term hearing preservation.

title: Correlation between @entity2 and scala media area in XXXX with long-standing @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Histologic analysis of the hydropic and normal @entity3 cochleae was undertaken to assess a potential correlation between the magnitude of @entity6 and @entity2 . It was hypothesized that a greater correlation than previously reported might be found by looking at long-standing @entity6 and high-frequency range hearing. BACKGROUND: Surgically induced @entity6 in @entity3 is the most widely used animal model for the study of @entity0 M  ni  re's Disease and recapitulates both @entity6 and progressive @entity4 . A strong correlation between the magnitude of @entity1 and severity of @entity2 has been reported in the @entity0 condition, but not in the animal model. METHODS: Nine albino @entity3 were each subjected to surgical obstruction of the endolymphatic sac and duct of the right ear. The left ears remained as internal histologic controls. Hearing was assessed from 2 kHz to 32 kHz by auditory brain stem response testing for 16 to 25 weeks after surgery. Histologic morphometry after the animals were killed was used to quantify both turn-specific and weighted overall @entity1 . These measures were correlated with @entity2 in each animal at all tested frequencies. RESULTS: A statistically significant correlation between the magnitude of @entity1 and the severity of @entity2 was observed for 2 kHz and 16 kHz. These frequencies correlated with both turn-specific @entity1 and overall @entity1 . However, turn-specific @entity1 did not reliably correlate with the magnitude of @entity2 at anatomically appropriate frequency ranges. Where such a correlation did exist, it might well have been simply part of an expression of an overall correlation between @entity1 and @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: There may be a greater correlation between @entity1 and @entity2 in @entity3 with long-standing surgically induced @entity1 than has previously been reported in animals with @entity5 . These findings help to validate continued use of the model for @entity2 related to M  ni  re's Disease, verify the rationale of treatment modalities aimed at reducing @entity1 in the @entity0 condition, and may indicate that efforts at reducing @entity1 in such @entity0 has benefits toward long-term hearing preservation.

title: Correlation between @entity2 and scala media area in @entity3 with long-standing XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The pathophysiology and treatment of @entity11 associated with @entity5 media are still under debate. The objective of this study was to review treatment strategies and extent of recovery in adult @entity0 with the aim of defining a standard treatment protocol for this rare pathologic condition. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: University hospital, tertiary referral center. @entity0 : Between 1993 and 2000, 11 @entity0 were admitted for @entity11 secondary to @entity5 media. There were six @entity0 and five @entity0 without a history of chronic @entity9 , who ranged in age from 21 to 71 years. @entity11 was graded with the House-Brackmann scale: four @entity0 had @entity7 , six had Grade IV palsy, and one @entity0 had Grade V palsy. Bacteriologic examination of middle ear fluid was performed in four @entity0 @entity4 was observed in one @entity0 , and the remaining three cultures were negative. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity0 were treated with parenteral @entity6 - @entity12 or a third-generation cephalosporin in conjunction with oral or intravenous @entity3 , except in a single @entity0 with @entity1 who received antibiotics alone. Myringotomy alone or with ventilation tube application was performed in eight @entity0 . A simple mastoidectomy without @entity8 was used in a @entity0 with @entity2 to Grade VI @entity7 and worsening @entity10 after an initial improvement. RESULTS: Normal facial function returned in all @entity0 , independently of the grade of the @entity7 , the treatment strategy, or the outcome of the @entity9 . The time of recovery varied from 2 weeks to 3 months, except for one @entity0 who underwent mastoidectomy and in whom normal function returned in 10 months. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of @entity11 @entity10 media should be as conservative as possible, using antibiotics and corticosteroids. Myringotomy and a ventilation tube should be added when spontaneous perforation of the tympanic membrane is not present. Mastoidectomy should be performed only when it is necessary to treat @entity10 media. @entity8 should not be necessary.

title: XXXX and @entity11 in adults.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The pathophysiology and treatment of @entity11 associated with @entity5 media are still under debate. The objective of this study was to review treatment strategies and extent of recovery in adult @entity0 with the aim of defining a standard treatment protocol for this rare pathologic condition. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review. SETTING: University hospital, tertiary referral center. @entity0 : Between 1993 and 2000, 11 @entity0 were admitted for @entity11 secondary to @entity5 media. There were six @entity0 and five @entity0 without a history of chronic @entity9 , who ranged in age from 21 to 71 years. @entity11 was graded with the House-Brackmann scale: four @entity0 had @entity7 , six had Grade IV palsy, and one @entity0 had Grade V palsy. Bacteriologic examination of middle ear fluid was performed in four @entity0 @entity4 was observed in one @entity0 , and the remaining three cultures were negative. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity0 were treated with parenteral @entity6 - @entity12 or a third-generation cephalosporin in conjunction with oral or intravenous @entity3 , except in a single @entity0 with @entity1 who received antibiotics alone. Myringotomy alone or with ventilation tube application was performed in eight @entity0 . A simple mastoidectomy without @entity8 was used in a @entity0 with @entity2 to Grade VI @entity7 and worsening @entity10 after an initial improvement. RESULTS: Normal facial function returned in all @entity0 , independently of the grade of the @entity7 , the treatment strategy, or the outcome of the @entity9 . The time of recovery varied from 2 weeks to 3 months, except for one @entity0 who underwent mastoidectomy and in whom normal function returned in 10 months. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment of @entity11 @entity10 media should be as conservative as possible, using antibiotics and corticosteroids. Myringotomy and a ventilation tube should be added when spontaneous perforation of the tympanic membrane is not present. Mastoidectomy should be performed only when it is necessary to treat @entity10 media. @entity8 should not be necessary.

title: @entity5 and XXXX in adults.

answer: @entity11


abstract: PURPOSE: From 5% to 25% of @entity2 in @entity0 is renovascular compared with only 1% in adults. Although much attention is given to @entity3 involving the main renal arteries, @entity4 producing @entity1 may also be intrarenal, involving @entity1 . We present our results of partial nephrectomy in this unique group of pediatric @entity0 with @entity2 in whom @entity4 dependent @entity2 involved only a segment of the kidney. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six @entity0 10 months to 16 years old were referred for the evaluation of @entity2 . Initial evaluations included computerized tomography, ultrasound, voiding cystourethrography and radionuclide renal scan. Renal arteriography with renal vein @entity4 sampling was performed in 5 @entity0 , of whom 4 underwent selective segmental renal vein sampling. Diagnoses @entity5 ( @entity1 ), reflux associated scarring and @entity1 . RESULTS: In @entity0 who underwent selective segmental renal vein sampling an increased @entity4 level was present in the area of the @entity1 (mean 24.9 ng./ml. per hour, range 9.2 to 40.6) compared to the ipsilateral renal vein (15.6, 114 to 29.8). Three @entity0 had evidence of contralateral suppression of @entity4 secretion. All 6 @entity0 underwent upper, lower or mid segment partial nephrectomy. All @entity0 became immediately normotensive and remained so at a mean 10 years of followup. CONCLUSIONS: Partial nephrectomy provides an excellent nephron sparing cure for @entity6 . In the pediatric population selective segmental renal vein @entity4 sampling is invaluable for locating the @entity4 producing lesion. As in adults, contralateral @entity4 suppression is predictive of surgical cure.

title: The role of partial nephrectomy in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wounds resulting from the closure of temporary stomas have a high risk of developing an @entity3 ( @entity3 ) with incidences around 30  % in studies designed to investigate this outcome. A @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is often used in @entity0 after low anterior resection (LAR) for @entity1 . METHODS: The @entity4 study is a retrospective cohort study of @entity1 @entity0 who had a LAR with a reversed @entity2 and at least one CT scan during follow-up. Two radiologists independently evaluated all abdominal CT scans to diagnose @entity3 at the ileostomy wound and additionally, @entity3 at the laparotomy site. RESULTS: From the oncological database of @entity1 @entity0 treated from 2003 till 2012 (n  =  317) a cohort of 153 @entity0 that fulfilled the inclusion criteria was identified. @entity1 resection was performed by laparoscopy in 53 @entity0 (34.6  %) and by laparotomy in 100 @entity0 (65.4  %). A total of 17 @entity3 (11.1  %) was diagnosed at the former stoma site after a mean follow-up of 2.6  years. Of these, 8 @entity3 were in @entity0 who had a laparoscopic LAR (15.1  %) and 9 @entity3 in @entity0 who had an open LAR (9.0  %) (Fisher's exact test; p  =  0.28). @entity3 on the other abdominal wall incisions was reported in 69 @entity0 (45.1  %). Of these, 10 @entity0 underwent laparoscopic rectal surgery (18.9  %) and in 59 @entity0 had open rectal surgery (59.0  %) (Fisher's exact test; p  <  0.0001). CONCLUSION: We found a lower number of @entity3 (11.1  %) after reversal of ileostomies than expected from the literature. In contrast to the findings at the ileostomy site, a very high frequency of @entity3 (59.0  %) after LAR by laparotomy was found, which was significantly higher than after laparoscopic LAR.

title: Retrospective observational study on the incidence of XXXX after reversal of a temporary diverting ileostomy following rectal carcinoma resection with follow-up CT scans.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The response to neoadjuvant (radio-)chemotherapy for @entity1 is often assessed with the aid of positron-emission tomography (PET), either alone or in combination with computed tomography (PET-CT). In this review, we discuss the diagnostic validity and clinical benefit of these imaging techniques. METHODS: We systematically searched the Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) comparing PET-CT with conventional techniques such as endosonography and CT. We then determined the diagnostic validity of these methods on the basis of information from published systematic reviews, updated with further information from more recent primary studies. RESULTS: We did not find any RCTs that addressed the question of the @entity0 -relevant benefit of PET-CT. We found 20 studies of diagnostic methods, carried out on a total of 854 @entity0 , of whom 82.2% were male. These studies had a high potential for bias. In two of them, PET-CT was directly compared with endosonography or CT. Estimates of sensitivity and specificity varied widely across studies. 54% of all @entity0 (median value across studies) had no histopathological response to therapy at the end of treatment. Taking a reduction of the standard uptake value (SUV) by at least 35% as a threshold criterion, we found that the median negative predictive value of PET across all studies was 86.5. CONCLUSION: There is no robust evidence for a @entity0 -relevant benefit of PET and PET-CT in @entity0 with @entity1 . PET could potentially be used to distinguish treatment responders from non-responders after the first cycle of treatment. RCTs with @entity0 -relevant endpoints will be needed in order to determine whether this is useful.

title: The Role of PET and PET-CT Scanning in Assessing Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is evidence to suggest that @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are influenced by physical @entity2 and psychosocial factors, as well as by medicolegal and compensation systems. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of noninjury related variables on self-reported disability at initial assessment among @entity0 presenting with @entity2 . DESIGN AND SETTING: We reviewed a total of 1101 consecutive files of @entity0 presenting to a single chiropractor's office in British Columbia, Canada. We included those who met the inclusion criteria. We extracted demographic variables and noninjury related information from 33 eligible @entity0 files. We calculated correlations between variables and created a multivariable linear regression model to evaluate their relative associations with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) scores on presentation. RESULTS: Higher @entity3 scores on initial assessment correlated with female sex (r = 0.40, P =.02), a greater number of subsequent treatments (r = 0.44, P =.01), a higher number of providers seen before presentation (r = 0.40, P =.02), and most strongly with the involvement of a lawyer (r = 0.73, P <.01). A multivariable linear regression model found that only female sex (P =.03) and the involvement of a lawyer (P =.01) remained significantly associated with higher @entity3 scores on presentation (adjusted R2 = 0.68 for the model). Female sex was associated with a 10-point increase in @entity3 scores on presentation (beta coefficient = 10.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.8-18.2), and involvement of a lawyer was associated with a 15-point increase in @entity3 scores on presentation (beta coefficient = 14.9; 95% CI 5.0-24.7). CONCLUSION: Our analysis of @entity4 @entity0 in receipt of compensation found that higher self-reported disability on initial assessment was associated with female sex and in particular by retaining a lawyer. Large prospective studies are needed to establish the validity of these findings.

title: The impact of non-injury-related factors on disability secondary to whiplash associated XXXX : a retrospective file review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Central nervous system (CNS) involvement by @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in the form of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is rare and most commonly occurs in the setting of longstanding severe @entity4 . Due to a wide range of clinical presentations and nonspecific laboratory findings, it presents a diagnostic challenge often requiring brain biopsy. Only a few histopathologically confirmed cases have been described in the literature. Our aim is to describe two cases of @entity6 and review the literature. The first case is of a previously healthy 37-year-old @entity0 who presented with severe @entity1 and focal @entity2 . Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated abnormal leptomeningeal enhancement in the left frontal and parietal sulci. The second case is of a 62-year-old @entity0 with a history of mild @entity8 who presented with @entity7 , personality changes and @entity5 . Both @entity0 ultimately underwent brain biopsy which demonstrated @entity6 on pathologic examination. Administration of @entity3 resulted in significant clinical improvement in both cases. To our knowledge, our unusual case of @entity6 in the young @entity0 is the fifth reported case of @entity6 in a @entity0 with no prior history of @entity4 . Such an atypical presentation makes diagnosis even more difficult and highlights the need for awareness of this entity in the diagnostic consideration of a @entity0 presenting with unexplained neurologic symptoms. Our literature review underscores the clinical and pathologic heterogeneity of CNS involvement in @entity4 .

title: Two cases of XXXX .

answer: @entity6