abstract: ERDS is a new method that was developed to detect EEG changes during a short mental task (reverse counting). It is recommended for testing cognitive EEG in @entity2 . The essence of the task situation is that it needs continuous mental work during a short period of time. The level of task difficulty must be adapted to each @entity0 's actual mental capacity. To preserve continuity of the mental work, the level of difficulty might be changed instantly by the EEG technician in case of a longer break or multiple mistakes by the subject in the task. For analysis, artifact-free EEG sections are manually selected. Differences of pre-task and post-task EEG power spectra (ERDS) and differences of the peak and mean frequencies are calculated. Based on our initial experience on 100 ERDS tests, this method demonstrates cognitive EEG changes related to the task. Each @entity0 's pre-task EEG serves as control data that is compared to post-task changes. Hence, confounding effects on the ERDS test are minimal, i.e., the effect of individual EEG features or those EEG signs of the disease or therapy that are independent of cognitive functions. Therefore, ERDS test results can be considered as markers of cognitive state in diverse pathological conditions. They also enable us to follow changes during the spontaneous course of @entity3 or due to therapeutic interventions. Appropriate instruction of @entity0 about the task, attention of the technician in order to preserve the @entity0 's continuous mental work, and to insure @entity0 compliance are very important. Further investigation is necessary for validation of the method and to build a database of tests on healthy population of different age groups and of @entity0 with different @entity1 conditions. Standardization of the test is essential for the introduction of ERDS to the every-day routine of clinical neuropsychiatry.

title: Task related difference EEG spectrum--a new diagnostic method for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 myocardial studies reveal a biphasic increase in the force of contraction due to stretch. The first rapid response, known as the Frank-Starling response, occurs within one heartbeat of stretch. A second positive inotropic response occurs over the minutes following the initial stretch and is known as the slow force response (SFR). The SFR has been observed in @entity0 isolated whole hearts, muscle preparations and individual myocytes. We present the first direct study into the SFR in the heart of a non- @entity0 vertebrate, the @entity2 ( @entity2 ). We stretched ventricular trabecular muscle preparations from 88% to 98% of their optimal length and individual ventricular myocytes by 7% of their slack sarcomere length (SL). Stretch caused an immediate increase in force in both preparations, indicative of the Frank-Starling response. However, we found no significant effect of prolonged stretch on the force of contraction in either the ventricular trabecular preparations or the single myocytes. This indicates that @entity2 ventricular myocardium does not exhibit a SFR and that, in contrast to mammals, the piscine Frank-Starling response may not be associated with the SFR. We speculate that this is due to the fish myocardium modulating cardiac output via changes in @entity1 volume to a larger extent than heart rate.

title: XXXX myocardium does not exhibit a slow inotropic response to stretch.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: The knowledge of the molecular signals that control cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes is critical to apply cell-based therapies and repair an injured heart. The transcription factor @entity7 has essential roles in the development of different organs including the heart. Although a direct role of @entity7 in the developing myocardium has recently been reported, the molecular pathways driven by @entity7 as well as its cardiac target genes remain largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to unravel the molecular mechanisms driven by @entity7 during the process of cardiomyocyte differentiation in vitro in @entity0 embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS: Pitx2c was overexpressed in the R1-embryonic stem cell line. mRNA levels and protein distribution of several specific cardiac genes were analyzed by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry experiments in R1-embryonic stem cell-derived beating areas at different stages of in vitro differentiation. Our results show that overexpression of Pitx2c in embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes is able to dynamically upregulate several cardiac-enriched transcription factors such as @entity3 , @entity5 and @entity1 . Additionally, Pitx2c induces the expression of chamber-specific cardiac genes such as @entity6 , @entity2 and @entity4 . These data were validated in an in vivo model of @entity7 loss of function. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results demonstrate that @entity7 plays a major role reinforcing the transcriptional program of cardiac differentiation.

title: Pitx2c modulates cardiac-specific transcription factors networks in differentiating cardiomyocytes from XXXX embryonic stem cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To report our experience with technical success, complications, and long-term clinical success of radiofrequency (RF) ablation of @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: After needle biopsy, computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous RF ablation was performed with general or spinal anesthesia. With an RF electrode, the lesion was heated to 90 degrees C for 6 minutes. @entity0 age and sex, lesion size and location, biopsy results, and complications were recorded. Clinical success was assessed at a minimum of 2 years after the procedure. Significance of @entity0 age and sex and lesion location and size as a predictor of biopsy result was tested by means of chi2 analysis. In addition, effects of @entity0 age and sex, lesion location and size, and biopsy results on clinical success were tested with the Fisher exact test. RESULTS: During an 11-year period, 263 @entity0 who were suspected of having @entity5 underwent 271 ablation procedures. All procedures were technically successful. There were two anesthesia-related complications ( @entity2 , @entity1 ) and two minor procedure-related complications ( @entity3 , @entity4 ). Results at biopsy were positive in 73% (197 of 271 biopsies). Two-year follow-up data were available for 126 procedures. The other procedures had been performed more recently or the @entity0 could not be contacted. There was complete relief of symptoms after 112 of the 126 procedures (89%). For procedures performed as the initial treatment, the success rate was 91% (107 of 117 procedures). Procedures for recurrent lesions had a significantly lower success rate (six of 10 procedures [60%], P <.001). Clinical outcome was not dependent on biopsy result, @entity0 age or sex, or lesion size or location. CONCLUSION: CT-guided percutaneous RF ablation of @entity5 is a safe and effective technique.

title: XXXX : percutaneous treatment with radiofrequency energy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prostate disease incidence is expected to rise among developing nations secondary to increased prevalence of @entity1 and the elderly. Although many case-control studies have associated @entity1 to prostate cancer @entity2 , few have correlated markers of prostate pathology to biomarkers of @entity4 and insulin resistance, using an apparently healthy cohort. This study aims to fill this gap. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 219 consenting adult Arab @entity0 , aged 30-70 years, were included in this cross-sectional study. Demographics were noted and anthropometrics measured. Fasting blood samples were extracted, and glycaemic and lipid profile were determined using routine laboratory methods. Serum adipocytokines and inflammatory markers were measured using multiplex assays. Total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), parathyroid-related protein ( @entity7 ) and endoglin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: Serum @entity6 and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were significantly and positively associated with circulating (tPSA) levels in all subjects (P < 0  01). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), @entity5 , active plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ( @entity3 ( @entity3 ) had significant inverse associations to tPSA. Stepwise linear regression revealed that @entity5 , @entity3 , WHR and @entity7 explained 30% of variance in tPSA levels (P < 0  0001), while SBP, resistin and BMI explained 18  7% of variance in endoglin (P = 0  001). CONCLUSIONS: The associations of @entity5 and WHR strengthen the link between insulin resistance and visceral adiposity to prostate volume markers among apparently healthy Arab @entity0 . Follow-up studies are needed to extend these preliminary findings so that early interventions can be provided to those at increased risk.

title: Visceral XXXX and inflammation markers in relation to serum prostate volume biomarkers among apparently healthy @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prostate disease incidence is expected to rise among developing nations secondary to increased prevalence of @entity1 and the elderly. Although many case-control studies have associated @entity1 to prostate cancer @entity2 , few have correlated markers of prostate pathology to biomarkers of @entity4 and insulin resistance, using an apparently healthy cohort. This study aims to fill this gap. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 219 consenting adult Arab @entity0 , aged 30-70 years, were included in this cross-sectional study. Demographics were noted and anthropometrics measured. Fasting blood samples were extracted, and glycaemic and lipid profile were determined using routine laboratory methods. Serum adipocytokines and inflammatory markers were measured using multiplex assays. Total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA), parathyroid-related protein ( @entity7 ) and endoglin were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. RESULTS: Serum @entity6 and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were significantly and positively associated with circulating (tPSA) levels in all subjects (P < 0  01). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), @entity5 , active plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 ( @entity3 ( @entity3 ) had significant inverse associations to tPSA. Stepwise linear regression revealed that @entity5 , @entity3 , WHR and @entity7 explained 30% of variance in tPSA levels (P < 0  0001), while SBP, resistin and BMI explained 18  7% of variance in endoglin (P = 0  001). CONCLUSIONS: The associations of @entity5 and WHR strengthen the link between insulin resistance and visceral adiposity to prostate volume markers among apparently healthy Arab @entity0 . Follow-up studies are needed to extend these preliminary findings so that early interventions can be provided to those at increased risk.

title: Visceral @entity1 and inflammation markers in relation to serum prostate volume biomarkers among apparently healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 -based therapy is established as the standard first-line chemotherapy in @entity0 with metastatic castration-resistant @entity3 (mCRPC), based on results from two landmark Phase III studies. However, prognosis remains poor, with a median survival of less than 2 years. There is no standard of care for @entity0 who progress during or after @entity4 treatment, which represents a real unmet medical need. Several small retrospective studies suggest that @entity0 with mCRPC who responded to first-line @entity4 -based therapy are sensitive to re-treatment, but a survival benefit in prospective randomized trials has not been demonstrated. Epithelial-stromal interactions in the @entity1 microenvironment appear to play a central role in @entity3 progression and response to therapy. Recent insights into the molecular mechanisms that underpin @entity3 progression have allowed the identification of potential therapeutic targets. New agents, including angiogenesis inhibitors, hormone therapies, chemotherapies, bone targeting agents, vaccines and immunotherapies are currently undergoing clinical development in @entity3 using @entity4 as a backbone. Several Phase III studies have now been completed. Sipuleucel-T prolonged survival compared with placebo in asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic @entity0 with mCRPC. @entity6 plus @entity2 prolonged survival in @entity0 with mCRPC who progressed during or after @entity4 -based therapy compared with the active agent @entity5 , plus @entity2 . Multidisciplinary management and optimization of the role and timing of new agents in this evolving treatment continuum will be critical to maximizing @entity0 outcomes. Identification of predictive markers and better gene expression profiling will be critical to tailoring therapies to individual @entity0 and disease states, whereas validated surrogate markers of overall survival will help accelerate drug approval.

title: Current and emerging treatment modalities for metastatic castration-resistant XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is described as @entity4 . However, it remains to be investigated whether the @entity3 is present even at rest. AIMS: The aim of the present study was to quantify left ventricular function at rest by means of tissue Doppler imaging in @entity0 with @entity2 and relate the findings to liver status and @entity2 aetiology. METHODS: Forty-four consecutive @entity0 and 23 age-matched healthy controls were included. Conventional echocardiographic- and tissue Doppler-derived indices of systolic and diastolic function were obtained. Liver function was quantified by the galactose elimination capacity and clinical stage by the @entity0 -Pugh and MELD scores. RESULTS: Both systolic and diastolic myocardial functions were compromised in the @entity0 at rest. Left ventricular ejection fraction (56.4    6.1 vs. 59.9    3.9%, P<0.02), mean peak systolic tissue velocity (4.6    0.9 vs. 5.6    0.7 cm/s, P<0.001) and mean systolic strain rate (-1.23    0.19 vs. -1.5    0.14/s, P<0.001) were all reduced in @entity2 @entity0 . Thirty-four @entity0 (54%) had @entity1 , 11 had impaired diastolic relaxation pattern (25%), 12 had the more severe pseudonormal filling pattern (27%) and one had restrictive filling or severe @entity1 (2%). None of the echocardiographic findings were related to the @entity2 aetiology. CONCLUSION: Tissue Doppler imaging during rest detected substantial systolic and diastolic @entity3 in cirrhotic @entity0 . This supports the existence of a distinct cirrhotic @entity3 .

title: Resting @entity3 in XXXX quantified by tissue Doppler imaging.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 is described as @entity4 . However, it remains to be investigated whether the @entity3 is present even at rest. AIMS: The aim of the present study was to quantify left ventricular function at rest by means of tissue Doppler imaging in @entity0 with @entity2 and relate the findings to liver status and @entity2 aetiology. METHODS: Forty-four consecutive @entity0 and 23 age-matched healthy controls were included. Conventional echocardiographic- and tissue Doppler-derived indices of systolic and diastolic function were obtained. Liver function was quantified by the galactose elimination capacity and clinical stage by the @entity0 -Pugh and MELD scores. RESULTS: Both systolic and diastolic myocardial functions were compromised in the @entity0 at rest. Left ventricular ejection fraction (56.4    6.1 vs. 59.9    3.9%, P<0.02), mean peak systolic tissue velocity (4.6    0.9 vs. 5.6    0.7 cm/s, P<0.001) and mean systolic strain rate (-1.23    0.19 vs. -1.5    0.14/s, P<0.001) were all reduced in @entity2 @entity0 . Thirty-four @entity0 (54%) had @entity1 , 11 had impaired diastolic relaxation pattern (25%), 12 had the more severe pseudonormal filling pattern (27%) and one had restrictive filling or severe @entity1 (2%). None of the echocardiographic findings were related to the @entity2 aetiology. CONCLUSION: Tissue Doppler imaging during rest detected substantial systolic and diastolic @entity3 in cirrhotic @entity0 . This supports the existence of a distinct cirrhotic @entity3 .

title: Resting XXXX in @entity2 quantified by tissue Doppler imaging.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The evaluation of breast symptoms during pregnancy or lactation can be challenging but prompt, appropriate assessment of symptoms may lead to earlier @entity2 detection. METHODS: A review of breast imaging from 22 @entity1 with @entity0 during or within 1 year of pregnancy was undertaken as part of a large population-based study of gestational @entity0 . Consensus findings of three reads using the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System lexicon were recorded. RESULTS: The commonest presenting symptom was a lump. Diagnosis by percutaneous biopsy was made correctly in 21 of 23 lesions. Lesions were @entity4 (91%). One third had extensive associated @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Ultrasound (US) was abnormal in all symptomatic @entity1 . The most common sonographic finding was a solitary hypoechoic mass with irregular margins. 'Expanded stroma' with prominent ducts and architectural distortion was noted in three cases; all had extensive high-grade @entity5 . In three @entity1 , bilateral breast US detected @entity2 in the asymptomatic breast. Mammography (performed in 86% of @entity1 ) was abnormal in 74%, despite the presence of dense breast tissue in 47%. Widespread calcifications were visible in 26%, with detection of asymptomatic @entity3 in one @entity1 . MRI was performed in six @entity1 . Background parenchymal enhancement did not impair lesion detection; however, overestimation of lesion size can occur. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonography is recommended for the initial diagnosis of breast symptoms during pregnancy and lactation. A negative study should not delay direct fine needle aspiration of a palpable lesion. Mammography is indicated where initial assessment suggests malignancy. MRI may have a role in selected cases.

title: Reducing delay in the diagnosis of pregnancy-associated XXXX : how imaging can help us.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diagnosis and management of leak from the tip of the J-pouch after IPAA has not been systematically studied. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to report our experience in the diagnosis and management of these leaks following primary IPAA. DESIGN: This study is a retrospective review of prospectively gathered data. SETTINGS: Data were obtained from a prospectively maintained single-institution pelvic pouch database. @entity0 : Included in this study were @entity0 with a leak from the tip of the J-pouch after primary IPAA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The main measures of outcomes after salvage surgery were pouch failure, pouch function, and quality of life. RESULTS: There were 27 (14 male) @entity0 . Median age was 37 years (range, 20-73). Underlying disease in these @entity0 was @entity1 in 22 @entity0 . Predominant symptoms were @entity5 (n = 15) and @entity2 (n = 5). Twenty @entity0 had either a pelvic abscess detected by CT or MRI or a leak demonstrated at gastrografin enema or pouchoscopy. In 6 @entity0 , the diagnosis was only made at salvage surgery. In 1 @entity0 , the leak-associated abscess was detected during emergent laparotomy for @entity4 before salvage surgery. Of 27 @entity0 , 1 had successful CT-guided drainage without the need for further surgery. Another @entity0 had pouch resection with end ileostomy. Salvage surgery was performed in 25 @entity0 by means of pouch repair (n = 23) and new pouch creation (n = 2); 8 @entity0 had a repeat @entity3 . Median time from primary IPAA to salvage surgery was 0.9 years (0.13-9.8). Twenty-four @entity0 with salvage surgery have a functioning pouch after a mean follow-up of 3.2    1.9 years. LIMITATIONS: : The study was limited by its retrospective nature. CONCLUSIONS: Leak from the tip of the J-pouch is indolent and diagnosis can be difficult. Satisfactory outcomes in terms of pouch retention may be expected after appropriate surgical management.

title: Management of leak from the tip of the "J" in ileal pouch-anal XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although for asymptomatic @entity2 conservative management is generally recommended, factors affecting the disease course are still not very well understood. AIM: To determine disease characteristics of @entity8 and factors affecting its progression in @entity0 from a general hepatology clinic in Tehran, Iran. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 198 @entity0 with cavernous @entity5 visiting a large private hepatology clinic in Tehran from 1997 to 2007. Of a total of 198 cases, 129 could be followed up for a period of 3.2    2.5 years, and 80 of these had 1-5 repeated sonographies. RESULTS: @entity0 were between 27 and 84 years old (mean age: 44.3    10.9 years), and 131 (66.2%) were female. Thirty-six @entity0 (18.2%) had @entity9 . @entity6 was the primary reason for evaluation in 100 (50.5%) @entity0 . @entity6 at the beginning of the follow-up was significantly associated with having @entity7 [odds ratio (OR)=8.3; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.1-28.7] or other @entity4 (OR=3.9; 95% CI: 2.6-10.2), but not with @entity9 size, number, or location. During follow-up, having a @entity1 at the time of diagnosis, adjusted for age, sex, and presence of @entity7 , was a strong predictor of persistent @entity3 during follow-up (OR=11.1; 95% CI: 3.2-38.6). In repeated sonographies, 35% showed an increased size, which was significantly associated only with having a single lesion (P=0.04). CONCLUSION: Many symptoms in @entity2 are attributable to accompanying @entity4 . @entity0 with a @entity1 are more likely to have persistent @entity3 , and single lesions are more likely to grow in size.

title: Cavernous XXXX : factors affecting disease progression in general hepatology practice.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intracranial subdural @entity7 is a rare but potentially fatal complication of spinal anesthesia (SA). This case is intended to highlight the importance of careful follow-up of @entity0 with a @entity9 that develops after SA. CASE REPORT: A 38-year-old @entity0 underwent saphenous vein ligation for varices under SA. On the first postoperative day, she complained of severe @entity1 that was controllable with oral analgesics. Two weeks later, bilateral @entity10 with @entity5 developed. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed small bilateral subdural @entity11 . @entity5 and @entity1 (no longer postural) were relieved after administration of @entity4 , but reappeared 6 wks later. This time, MRI showed large subdural @entity7 . The @entity0 was treated with @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: Persistent @entity1 after SA requires careful neurologic and radiologic follow-up for exclusion of chronic @entity3 . Pharmacologic treatment may mask some @entity2 and delay diagnosis of @entity8 related to SA.

title: Bilateral chronic subdural hematomas with XXXX complicating spinal anesthesia.

answer: @entity2


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: It is possible that bioelectric activity of the both brain hemispheres is changed in @entity0 with a @entity3 ( @entity3 ), a marker of @entity2 . It could be connected probably with @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity3 . MATERIAL: Visual analysis of EEG was done in 41 @entity0 with @entity3 aged 2 months to 17 years and in 32 @entity0 without @entity3 aged 3 months to 17 years. It induced 8 EEG curve pairs from each @entity0 , that means 328 pairs in @entity3 and 256 pairs without @entity3 @entity0 . METHODS: EEG pattern was analysed by two physicians with an electro-encephalography license and data are a mean value of both analysis. Analysed were 40 minute EEG patterns, registered by 16 channels MedtronicDantec EEG PL-270 Video Option Aparat. RESULTS: Brain bioelectric activity was significantly more often immature and basic activity irregular in @entity0 with @entity3 than in the group without @entity3 . Asymmetry of frequency and amplitude and slow activity were also significantly more often observed in @entity0 with @entity3 . Abnormal graphoelements were also significantly more often disclosed in @entity0 with @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Visual analysis disclosed significant differences of EEG pattern in @entity0 with and without @entity3 . For identification of EEG from @entity0 with @entity3 the quantitative method of analysis is necessary.

title: [Visual analysis of EEG in XXXX with a cavum of the septum pellucidum].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: An analysis of NIH funding in 1996 found that the strongest predictor of funding, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), explained only 39% of the variance in funding. In 1998, Congress requested that the Institute of Medicine (IOM) evaluate priority-setting criteria for NIH funding; the IOM recommended greater consideration of disease burden. We examined whether the association between current burden and funding has changed since that time. METHODS: We analyzed public data on 2006 NIH funding for 29 common conditions. Measures of US disease burden in 2004 were obtained from the World Health Organization's Global Burden of Disease study and national databases. We assessed the relationship between disease burden and NIH funding dollars in univariate and multivariable log-linear models that evaluated all measures of disease burden. Sensitivity analyses examined associations with future US burden, current and future measures of world disease burden, and a newly standardized NIH accounting method. RESULTS: In univariate and multivariable analyses, disease-specific NIH funding levels increased with @entity1 measured in DALYs (p=0.001), which accounted for 33% of funding level variation. No other factor predicted funding in multivariable models. Conditions receiving the most funding greater than expected based on disease burden were @entity3 ( 2474 M), @entity0 ( 390 M), and perinatal conditions ( 297 M). @entity2 ( 719 M), injuries ( 691 M), and @entity4 ( 613 M) were the most underfunded. Results were similar using estimates of future US burden, current and future world disease burden, and alternate NIH accounting methods. CONCLUSIONS: Current levels of NIH disease-specific research funding correlate modestly with US disease burden, and correlation has not improved in the last decade.

title: NIH disease funding levels and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: An experimental model of @entity1 was designed using parental antigens (muscle mitochondrial fraction) in F1 hybrid @entity0 (male @entity0 x female Sprague-Dawley). The immune response was modulated by spleen fragment transplant from either @entity0 (W) or F1. Antibody fixation and inflammatory reaction were studied in Extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles. Immunization without spleen transplant resulted in antibody fixation mainly in capillaries and incompletely around muscle fibers; whorled fibers were found in 1/3 of F1 @entity0 immunized with antigen from @entity0 . Spleen transplants from Sprague Dawley (SD) @entity0 were usually accepted by F1; in some animals, antibodies surrounded completely muscle fibers and the percentage of animals showing @entity1 was increased. Spleen transplants from non immunized F1 were usually rejected by immunized F1; antibody reaction was found inside fibers of most of the @entity0 , @entity1 was present in 40% of the animals immunized with W, but absent in those immunized with SD antigen. In conclusion, this model can be used to study immunological responses to alloantigens (parental to F1). Spleen fragment transplant modulates the immune response. There was discrepancy between antibody fixation and @entity1 . The immunological response was different according to muscle fiber type composition and/or microcirculatory characteristics.

title: XXXX and autoantibody fixation in an experimental model of @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: An experimental model of @entity1 was designed using parental antigens (muscle mitochondrial fraction) in F1 hybrid @entity0 (male @entity0 x female Sprague-Dawley). The immune response was modulated by spleen fragment transplant from either @entity0 (W) or F1. Antibody fixation and inflammatory reaction were studied in Extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscles. Immunization without spleen transplant resulted in antibody fixation mainly in capillaries and incompletely around muscle fibers; whorled fibers were found in 1/3 of F1 @entity0 immunized with antigen from @entity0 . Spleen transplants from Sprague Dawley (SD) @entity0 were usually accepted by F1; in some animals, antibodies surrounded completely muscle fibers and the percentage of animals showing @entity1 was increased. Spleen transplants from non immunized F1 were usually rejected by immunized F1; antibody reaction was found inside fibers of most of the @entity0 , @entity1 was present in 40% of the animals immunized with W, but absent in those immunized with SD antigen. In conclusion, this model can be used to study immunological responses to alloantigens (parental to F1). Spleen fragment transplant modulates the immune response. There was discrepancy between antibody fixation and @entity1 . The immunological response was different according to muscle fiber type composition and/or microcirculatory characteristics.

title: @entity1 and autoantibody fixation in an experimental model of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Altered glycosylation of glycoconjugates is among the important molecular changes that accompany malignant transformation. The aim of our study was to investigate clinical usefulness of circulatory levels of @entity4 , sialoproteins and sialyltransferase for early diagnosis and management of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples collected from 210 untreated @entity3 @entity0 , 100 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 100 healthy males. @entity3 @entity0 were followed after initiation of anticancer treatment and 394 follow-up samples were also collected. Serum @entity4 levels were measured spectrophotometrically. Sialyltransferase activity was analysed using radioassay. Alpha 2-6 sialoproteins were isolated using lectin affinity chromatography. RESULTS: Serum levels of free, protein bound and total @entity4 as well as their ratio with total proteins were significantly elevated in untreated @entity3 @entity0 compared with healthy individuals, @entity0 with @entity2 as well as complete responders (CR). Levels of the markers were comparable between untreated @entity3 @entity0 and non-responders. We observed positive correlation between serum levels of the markers and extent of @entity1 . Serum sialyltransferase activity showed significant elevations in @entity3 @entity0 compared with the controls (P<0.001), @entity0 with @entity2 (P<0.05) and CR (P<0.05). Higher @entity4 levels in @entity3 @entity0 at the time of diagnosis showed poor survival. The changes in serum proteins with terminal alpha 2-6 @entity4 correlated well with the alterations in the levels of @entity4 forms and sialyltransferase activity. CONCLUSION: Our results confirmed the elevations in @entity4 and sialyltransferase levels in @entity3 @entity0 and suggested potential utility of these parameters in prognostication and treatment monitoring of this @entity1 . The alterations in these parameters in circulation were in accordance with the changes in alpha 2-6 sialylated proteins.

title: Evaluation of serum @entity4 , sialyltransferase and sialoproteins in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Altered glycosylation of glycoconjugates is among the important molecular changes that accompany malignant transformation. The aim of our study was to investigate clinical usefulness of circulatory levels of @entity4 , sialoproteins and sialyltransferase for early diagnosis and management of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Blood samples collected from 210 untreated @entity3 @entity0 , 100 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 100 healthy males. @entity3 @entity0 were followed after initiation of anticancer treatment and 394 follow-up samples were also collected. Serum @entity4 levels were measured spectrophotometrically. Sialyltransferase activity was analysed using radioassay. Alpha 2-6 sialoproteins were isolated using lectin affinity chromatography. RESULTS: Serum levels of free, protein bound and total @entity4 as well as their ratio with total proteins were significantly elevated in untreated @entity3 @entity0 compared with healthy individuals, @entity0 with @entity2 as well as complete responders (CR). Levels of the markers were comparable between untreated @entity3 @entity0 and non-responders. We observed positive correlation between serum levels of the markers and extent of @entity1 . Serum sialyltransferase activity showed significant elevations in @entity3 @entity0 compared with the controls (P<0.001), @entity0 with @entity2 (P<0.05) and CR (P<0.05). Higher @entity4 levels in @entity3 @entity0 at the time of diagnosis showed poor survival. The changes in serum proteins with terminal alpha 2-6 @entity4 correlated well with the alterations in the levels of @entity4 forms and sialyltransferase activity. CONCLUSION: Our results confirmed the elevations in @entity4 and sialyltransferase levels in @entity3 @entity0 and suggested potential utility of these parameters in prognostication and treatment monitoring of this @entity1 . The alterations in these parameters in circulation were in accordance with the changes in alpha 2-6 sialylated proteins.

title: Evaluation of serum XXXX , sialyltransferase and sialoproteins in @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The immune response to @entity8 following @entity5 of C57BL/6 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 results in the development of @entity4 with characteristics of @entity9 ( @entity9 ). To further clarify the role of Th1/Th2 polarizing cytokines in this model, we performed kinetic analysis of cytokine responses and compared cytokine profiles, pathologies, and macrophage (Mac) polarization status in @entity8 -infected @entity3 , interleukin-4-deficient ( @entity2 (-/-)), and gamma interferon-deficient (IFN-y(-/-)) C57BL/6 @entity0 . Results show that cytokine expression in the infected @entity3 @entity0 is not permanently Th2 biased but changes dynamically over time. Using multiple Mac activation markers, we further demonstrate that @entity2 and IFN-y regulate the polarization state of Macs in this model. A higher @entity2 /IFN-y ratio leads to the development of alternatively activated Macs (aaMacs), whereas a higher IFN-y/ @entity2 ratio leads to the generation of classically activated Macs (caMacs). @entity3 @entity0 that coexpress @entity2 and IFN-y during @entity6 concurrently display both types of Mac polarization markers. Concurrent stimulation of Macs with IFN-y and @entity2 results in an upregulation of both sets of markers within the same cells, i.e., formation of an intermediate aaMac/caMac phenotype. These cells express both inducible @entity7 synthase (important for clearance) and arginase (associated with chronic/progressive @entity4 ). Together, our data demonstrate that the interplay between Th1 and Th2 cytokines supports @entity4 , @entity1 , and the development of @entity9 pathology in @entity8 -infected lungs. This cytokine interplay modulates Mac differentiation, including generation of an intermediate caMac/aaMac phenotype, which in turn may support chronic "steady-state" @entity6 and the resultant @entity9 pathology.

title: Effect of cytokine interplay on macrophage polarization during chronic XXXX with @entity8 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The immune response to @entity8 following @entity5 of C57BL/6 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 results in the development of @entity4 with characteristics of @entity9 ( @entity9 ). To further clarify the role of Th1/Th2 polarizing cytokines in this model, we performed kinetic analysis of cytokine responses and compared cytokine profiles, pathologies, and macrophage (Mac) polarization status in @entity8 -infected @entity3 , interleukin-4-deficient ( @entity2 (-/-)), and gamma interferon-deficient (IFN-y(-/-)) C57BL/6 @entity0 . Results show that cytokine expression in the infected @entity3 @entity0 is not permanently Th2 biased but changes dynamically over time. Using multiple Mac activation markers, we further demonstrate that @entity2 and IFN-y regulate the polarization state of Macs in this model. A higher @entity2 /IFN-y ratio leads to the development of alternatively activated Macs (aaMacs), whereas a higher IFN-y/ @entity2 ratio leads to the generation of classically activated Macs (caMacs). @entity3 @entity0 that coexpress @entity2 and IFN-y during @entity6 concurrently display both types of Mac polarization markers. Concurrent stimulation of Macs with IFN-y and @entity2 results in an upregulation of both sets of markers within the same cells, i.e., formation of an intermediate aaMac/caMac phenotype. These cells express both inducible @entity7 synthase (important for clearance) and arginase (associated with chronic/progressive @entity4 ). Together, our data demonstrate that the interplay between Th1 and Th2 cytokines supports @entity4 , @entity1 , and the development of @entity9 pathology in @entity8 -infected lungs. This cytokine interplay modulates Mac differentiation, including generation of an intermediate caMac/aaMac phenotype, which in turn may support chronic "steady-state" @entity6 and the resultant @entity9 pathology.

title: Effect of cytokine interplay on macrophage polarization during chronic @entity5 with XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Chromatin remodeling during sperm maturation could erase epigenetic landmarks on the paternal genome, creating a challenge for its reestablishment on fertilization. Here, we show that selective retention of a chromosomal protein in mature sperm protects the identity of paternal telomeres in @entity0 . The @entity1 ( @entity1 ) gene is a duplication of hiphop that encodes a telomeric protein. Although HipHop protects telomeres in somatic cells, @entity1 is produced exclusively in males and localizes to telomeres in postmitotic cells, including mature sperm. In embryos fathered by @entity1 mutants, the maternal supplies fail to reestablish a protective cap on paternal telomeres, leading to their fusions. These fusions hinder the segregation of the paternal genome and result in haploid embryos with maternal chromosomes. The functional divergence between hiphop and @entity1 manifests not only in their expression patterns but also in the protein functions that they encode. By swapping the two coding regions, we show that @entity1 can replace HipHop for somatic protection; however, HipHop cannot replace @entity1 in the germ line to specify telomere identity, because HipHop ectopically expressed in the testis is removed from chromatin during sperm maturation. HipHop lacks a short motif in @entity1 that is essential for @entity1 to survive the remodeling process. We show that the combined functions of HipHop and @entity1 are likely fulfilled by the single ancestral hiphop locus in other @entity0 species, supporting the hypothesis that the evolutionary process of subfunctionalization was responsible for the preservation of the hiphop- @entity1 duplicate.

title: Paternal imprint essential for the inheritance of telomere identity in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We report a family with @entity5 with a homozygous mutation within the @entity8 gene. The proband was a 24-year-old Japanese male who has suffered from life-long @entity2 tendency. The @entity0 's sister also had severe @entity2 episodes. The proband and the affected sister had no apparent complications including @entity1 , or mental disturbance. They had @entity3 [(35-40) x 10(9)/l] with giant platelets. In addition to platelet size, electron microscopic analysis revealed abnormalities in the internal structures of platelets. @entity6 -induced @entity4 was defective. Flow cytometric analysis and western blot analysis showed that glycoprotein IX was nearly absent in platelets, whereas GPIb(alpha) and @entity7 were detectable. Genetic studies revealed a 13 base pair deletion in the signal peptide-coding sequence of @entity8 . The deletion would cause a frame-shift, resulting in the appearance of a stop codon following an indifferent polypeptide sequence. Analysis of platelet RNA showed that the mutant @entity8 gene was transcribed. The propositus and his affected sister were homozygous for the deletion, whereas their unaffected father and mother were heterozygotes. The molecular defects of this family would help understand the relevance of @entity8 for complex formation of the glycoprotein Ib/IX/V receptor.

title: XXXX with a homozygous 13 base pair deletion in the signal peptide-coding region of the platelet glycoprotein Ib(beta) gene.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The January Case of the Month (COM). A 56 year-old female presented with a 5-month history of @entity5 , focal motor @entity2 and progressive immobility. CT scan showed a large frontal @entity1 with a @entity6 -like pattern. The @entity0 underwent @entity1 . Biopsy showed lymphoid infiltrates consisting predominantly of centrocyte-like cells admixed with plasma cells and lymphoid follicles. Immunohistochemistry revealed @entity7 -positive cells and light chain restriction with reactive T cells. These appearances are characteristic of the @entity4 . There was no evidence of @entity3 . The @entity0 is symptom-free 18 months after complete resection. @entity4 is rare but recognized subtype of primary @entity3 . @entity4 of dura tends to be relatively indolent, with excellent prognosis. It is suggested that meningeal @entity4 may follow on from a pre-existing inflammatory process.

title: January 2003: 56-year-old female with right frontal XXXX of the dura.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Mild @entity0 ( @entity2 ) is associated with an increased risk of developing @entity1 . Recently published results of the Current Concepts in @entity2 Conference suggested subclassifications for @entity2 ( @entity2 , @entity2 -multiple domains slightly impaired, @entity2 -single nonmemory domain) based on the recognized heterogeneity in the use of the term. These subclassifications have not been empirically validated to date. METHOD: A community sample of 1045 @entity1 -free individuals aged 75 years and over was examined by neuropsychological testing in a three-wave longitudinal study. The prevalences and the predictive validities for the subclassifications of @entity2 and their modifications (original criteria except for the report of subjective @entity0 ) were determined. RESULTS: The prevalence was 1 to 15% depending on the subset employed. Subjects with a diagnosis of @entity2 progressed to @entity1 at a rate of 10 to 55% over 2.6 years, depending on the subset employed. @entity2 achieved the highest positive predictive power (PPP). ROC curves of the subclassifications for @entity2 indicate that all but one subset for @entity2 failed to predict @entity1 ( @entity2 -multiple domains slightly impaired-modified: AUC=0.585, P<0.01, 95% CI, 0.517-0.653). The use of modified criteria for @entity2 (original criteria except for the report of subjective @entity0 ) is associated with a higher diagnostic sensitivity but also with a reduction in diagnostic specificity and PPP. CONCLUSIONS: Modified criteria should be applied if a concept for @entity2 with a high sensitivity is required and the original criteria (including subjective @entity0 ) if a concept with high specificity and high PPP is required.

title: Subclassifications for mild XXXX : prevalence and predictive validity.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: @entity2 is an anti-inflammatory negative acute-phase glycoprotein, synthesized by the liver. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of admission @entity2 levels on coronary and myocardial blood flow and short- and long-term prognosis in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred eighty consecutive @entity0 admitted with diagnosis of @entity1 and 55 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteer controls were enrolled in the study. @entity0 with @entity1 were divided into 2 groups in respect to thrombolysis in @entity1 myocardial perfusion grade after primary PCI: with thrombolysis in @entity1 myocardial perfusion grade 0-1-2 and thrombolysis in @entity1 myocardial perfusion grade 3. Serum levels of @entity2 were lower in @entity0 with @entity1 than in the healthy group subjects. In-hospital and 1-year deaths were significantly higher in @entity0 from the abnormal perfusion group. In-hospital major adverse cardiac event (MACE) and 1-year follow-up MACE also were significantly higher in @entity0 from the abnormal perfusion group. The receiver-operating characteristic analysis indicated an optimal cut point of less than 200  g/mL, which detects 1-year mortality with a negative predictive value of 95%. The 1-year mortality rate and 1-year MACE were significantly higher in @entity0 with low @entity2 level as compared with those with high @entity2 level. CONCLUSIONS: Because low-admission @entity2 levels are associated with impaired coronary flow in @entity1 @entity0 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, admission @entity2 level detection may be helpful in identifying the @entity0 at a greater risk of poor coronary blood flow and worse short- and long-term prognosis.

title: Lower XXXX predicts angiographic impaired reperfusion and mortality in ST-elevation @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: @entity2 is an anti-inflammatory negative acute-phase glycoprotein, synthesized by the liver. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of admission @entity2 levels on coronary and myocardial blood flow and short- and long-term prognosis in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred eighty consecutive @entity0 admitted with diagnosis of @entity1 and 55 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteer controls were enrolled in the study. @entity0 with @entity1 were divided into 2 groups in respect to thrombolysis in @entity1 myocardial perfusion grade after primary PCI: with thrombolysis in @entity1 myocardial perfusion grade 0-1-2 and thrombolysis in @entity1 myocardial perfusion grade 3. Serum levels of @entity2 were lower in @entity0 with @entity1 than in the healthy group subjects. In-hospital and 1-year deaths were significantly higher in @entity0 from the abnormal perfusion group. In-hospital major adverse cardiac event (MACE) and 1-year follow-up MACE also were significantly higher in @entity0 from the abnormal perfusion group. The receiver-operating characteristic analysis indicated an optimal cut point of less than 200  g/mL, which detects 1-year mortality with a negative predictive value of 95%. The 1-year mortality rate and 1-year MACE were significantly higher in @entity0 with low @entity2 level as compared with those with high @entity2 level. CONCLUSIONS: Because low-admission @entity2 levels are associated with impaired coronary flow in @entity1 @entity0 undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention, admission @entity2 level detection may be helpful in identifying the @entity0 at a greater risk of poor coronary blood flow and worse short- and long-term prognosis.

title: Lower @entity2 predicts angiographic impaired reperfusion and mortality in ST-elevation XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 has been recognized since the first successful gastric operations and has persisted for more than a century. Diagnosis has been difficult and non-operative therapy largely ineffective. Early attempts at surgical correction resulted in stomal ulceration and it was not until the advent of flexible endoscopy and other techniques that diagnosis became more secure. Operative attempts at correction have included the Roux-en-Y procedure, the @entity7 . None of the procedures has been uniformly successful, and the Roux-en-Y has resulted in a @entity4 in most @entity0 . The diagnosis of @entity6 without previous gastric surgery has been even more elusive and seems to be associated with previous cholecystectomy. Thirty-one @entity0 diagnosed with primary @entity6 , having typical symptoms of @entity1 , @entity5 have been treated by diverting bile flow through a Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy without accompanying gastric resection or vagotomy. There were no operative @entity2 and no long-term problems, such as anastomotic stricture. Two @entity0 had self-limited bile leaks. Twenty-seven of the 31 @entity0 (87%) have achieved complete relief of symptoms and have no @entity3 . Serial gastric emptying has demonstrated no alteration in 9 of 12 @entity0 who were normal before operation, and improvement in 12 of the 19 (63%) @entity0 with abnormal preoperative studies.

title: Primary XXXX gastritis: diagnosis and surgical treatment.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in young Jordanians and to compare the clinical and pathological characteristics with those in older @entity0 and with those in high risk populations. METHODS: Clinical and pathological data of all the @entity0 with @entity2 managed at Princess Basma Teaching Hospital, Irbid, Jordan over a 10 year period (January 1990 through December 1999) were recorded. The @entity0 were divided according to age into group one (those <40 years) and group 2 (> 40 years). The 2 groups were compared regarding sex, predisposing conditions, @entity1 stage at presentation, @entity1 differentiation, @entity3 secretion, @entity1 invasion, presentation with complications and @entity1 location. The data were compared with those of "high risk" Western populations and with the few reports coming from "low risk" populations, mainly from Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Egypt. RESULTS: Out of 202 @entity0 evaluated, 4 were excluded. Group 1 constituted 20.2% of the @entity0 , 17.5% of them have predisposing conditions. Comparison between group 1 and 2 revealed the following: female sex (65% versus 50.6%, p=0.104), advanced stages at presentation (65% versus 41%, p=0.005), @entity1 (50% versus 39.2%) and right side @entity1 (15% versus 29.1%) (p=0.18). Mucinous and signet ring @entity1 (30% versus 15.8%, p=0.04), poor @entity1 differentiation (20% versus 18.3%, p=0.78) and presentation with complications (21% versus 22.2%, p=0.96). CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity2 in young Jordanians was much higher than high risk populations. Half of the @entity1 were rectal. Young @entity0 have more advanced stage and more @entity3 secreting @entity1 . The relative high frequency and frequency of predisposing conditions calls for family screening and surveillance in the presence of predisposing conditions.

title: XXXX in young @entity0 under 40 years of age. Comparison with old @entity0 in a well defined Jordanian population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in young Jordanians and to compare the clinical and pathological characteristics with those in older @entity0 and with those in high risk populations. METHODS: Clinical and pathological data of all the @entity0 with @entity2 managed at Princess Basma Teaching Hospital, Irbid, Jordan over a 10 year period (January 1990 through December 1999) were recorded. The @entity0 were divided according to age into group one (those <40 years) and group 2 (> 40 years). The 2 groups were compared regarding sex, predisposing conditions, @entity1 stage at presentation, @entity1 differentiation, @entity3 secretion, @entity1 invasion, presentation with complications and @entity1 location. The data were compared with those of "high risk" Western populations and with the few reports coming from "low risk" populations, mainly from Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Egypt. RESULTS: Out of 202 @entity0 evaluated, 4 were excluded. Group 1 constituted 20.2% of the @entity0 , 17.5% of them have predisposing conditions. Comparison between group 1 and 2 revealed the following: female sex (65% versus 50.6%, p=0.104), advanced stages at presentation (65% versus 41%, p=0.005), @entity1 (50% versus 39.2%) and right side @entity1 (15% versus 29.1%) (p=0.18). Mucinous and signet ring @entity1 (30% versus 15.8%, p=0.04), poor @entity1 differentiation (20% versus 18.3%, p=0.78) and presentation with complications (21% versus 22.2%, p=0.96). CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity2 in young Jordanians was much higher than high risk populations. Half of the @entity1 were rectal. Young @entity0 have more advanced stage and more @entity3 secreting @entity1 . The relative high frequency and frequency of predisposing conditions calls for family screening and surveillance in the presence of predisposing conditions.

title: @entity2 in young XXXX under 40 years of age. Comparison with old @entity0 in a well defined Jordanian population.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in young Jordanians and to compare the clinical and pathological characteristics with those in older @entity0 and with those in high risk populations. METHODS: Clinical and pathological data of all the @entity0 with @entity2 managed at Princess Basma Teaching Hospital, Irbid, Jordan over a 10 year period (January 1990 through December 1999) were recorded. The @entity0 were divided according to age into group one (those <40 years) and group 2 (> 40 years). The 2 groups were compared regarding sex, predisposing conditions, @entity1 stage at presentation, @entity1 differentiation, @entity3 secretion, @entity1 invasion, presentation with complications and @entity1 location. The data were compared with those of "high risk" Western populations and with the few reports coming from "low risk" populations, mainly from Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Egypt. RESULTS: Out of 202 @entity0 evaluated, 4 were excluded. Group 1 constituted 20.2% of the @entity0 , 17.5% of them have predisposing conditions. Comparison between group 1 and 2 revealed the following: female sex (65% versus 50.6%, p=0.104), advanced stages at presentation (65% versus 41%, p=0.005), @entity1 (50% versus 39.2%) and right side @entity1 (15% versus 29.1%) (p=0.18). Mucinous and signet ring @entity1 (30% versus 15.8%, p=0.04), poor @entity1 differentiation (20% versus 18.3%, p=0.78) and presentation with complications (21% versus 22.2%, p=0.96). CONCLUSION: The incidence of @entity2 in young Jordanians was much higher than high risk populations. Half of the @entity1 were rectal. Young @entity0 have more advanced stage and more @entity3 secreting @entity1 . The relative high frequency and frequency of predisposing conditions calls for family screening and surveillance in the presence of predisposing conditions.

title: @entity2 in young @entity0 under 40 years of age. Comparison with old XXXX in a well defined Jordanian population.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Five hundred and eleven @entity0 with penetrating or perforating @entity2 were admitted to the Department of @entity1 , University Central Hospital, Helsinki, during the 25-year-period 1952-77. There were 433 stab wounds, 59 gunshot wounds and 19 other penetrating injuries. The organs most often involved were lungs (major haemo- or pneumothorax in 385 @entity0 ), heart (63 @entity0 ) and liver (61 @entity0 ). About one third of the @entity0 were in profound shock on admission. The treatment was immediate thoracotomy in 176 (35%) and laparotomy in 123 cases (24%). Tube thoracostomy was applied in 117 @entity0 and needle aspiration performed in 88 @entity0 . Nine @entity0 died (mortality of 1.8%). Two @entity0 required later open-heart procedure. One of them had an @entity4 and the other a traumatic VSD combined with @entity3 . One of the traumatic VSDs closed spontaneously during the follow-up time. An active operative approach in the early phase seems to guarantee the best final results, especially in the most critically ill @entity0 .

title: Penetrating and perforating XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical therapy of @entity3 of the head, neck, trunk or extremities, and the reliability of sentinel node biopsy. Forty-nine @entity0 , 23 @entity0 and 26 @entity0 , mean age 59 (range: 22-89) years, with @entity3 of the skin--the sites affected were the head and neck (7), trunk (17), upper extremities (8) and lower extremities (17)--and clinically negative lymph nodes, participated in the study from January 2000 to December 2002. The mean Breslow thickness was 2.1 mm, and the median thickness 2 mm. Preoperative dynamic and static lymphoscintigraphy, intraoperative blue dye and a gamma-ray detection probe were used. If the histological examination with @entity5 and @entity4 revealed @entity1 , therapeutic lymph-node dissection was performed. Sentinel nodes were identified by lymphoscintigraphy in 47 @entity0 (96%); 82 sentinel nodes (mean 1.65 per @entity0 ) were removed from 56 lymph-node stations. Four @entity0 had @entity2 -positive sentinel nodes. During follow-up, nodal recurrence in a sentinel-node-negative station was documented in 1 @entity0 . @entity3 can be safely excised with 1-2 cm margins. Therapeutic lymph-node dissection is performed only in node-positive @entity0 . Sentinel-node biopsy allows accurate staging and yields important prognostic information.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX : role of the sentinel lymph node].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Sulfated @entity1 like @entity4 (PS) are found endogenously in the central nervous system where they may modulate GABAA receptors. Understanding the mechanism of @entity0 inhibition is important for understanding the conditions under which endogenous @entity1 modulate GABAA receptor function, assessing their potential clinical utility, and for evaluating sulfated @entity1 as probes of receptor behaviour. Some previous studies suggest that sulfated @entity0 inhibition exhibits activation @entity2 , whilst other studies suggest only slow, time-dependent inhibition, perhaps reflecting slow PS association with receptors. We tested activation @entity2 in several ways. @entity0 potency increased 2- to 3-fold with approximately 10-fold change in @entity3 concentration. PS inhibition of saturating partial agonist responses suggested that the level of channel activation, rather than receptor occupancy by agonist, is important for PS inhibition. Inhibition by sulfated @entity1 exhibited weak or no voltage @entity2 . Responses to rapid applications of exogenous @entity3 differed little whether PS was pre-applied or simply co-applied with @entity3 , consistent with the hypothesis that the actions of PS are facilitated by receptor activation. PS applied during steady-state @entity3 responses exhibited slow onset and offset rate constants. The offset, rather than onset, was significantly slowed by elevated @entity3 concentration. At hippocampal synapses, large, multiquantal IPSCs were inhibited more effectively by a fixed concentration of PS than small quantal content IPSCs, consistent with known 'pooling' of transmitter following multiquantal release. @entity5 , although superficially similar to PS in its activation @entity2 , was dissimilar from PS in a number of details. In summary, PS inhibition exhibits activation @entity2 that may be explained by activation-dependent binding and altered desensitization.

title: Activation-dependent properties of XXXX inhibition of GABAA receptor-mediated current.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We aimed to search if the renal parenchymal attenuation measurements on unenhanced CT scans could be useful in differentiating acutely obstructed kidneys from chronic cases or unobstructed kidneys. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Unenhanced CT scans of 101 @entity0 were retrospectively reviewed. Thirty-two @entity0 with unilateral acute @entity1 , 34 @entity0 with unilateral chronic @entity1 due to various reasons and 35 control subjects were included in the study. The parenchymal densities of both kidneys were measured, from the upper poles, middle portions, and lower poles of each kidney. The mean parenchymal densities of both kidneys were calculated in all three groups of subjects. Secondary signs of @entity1 such as perinephric stranding, size of @entity2 , degree of @entity3 were also noted for each kidney. RESULTS: The mean parenchymal attenuation value on the acutely obstructed side was lower than the unobstructed side, 24.21    3.68 and 30.68    4.75 respectively (p<0.001). The mean parenchymal attenuation value on the acutely obstructed side (24.21    3.68) was lower than both the chronically obstructed side (30.85    4.53), and the control subjects (29.62    3.03 on corresponding side). There was no statistically significant attenuation difference between right and left kidneys in the control group and chronic obstruction group. CONCLUSION: Renal parenchymal attenuation measurements and attenuation differences of both kidney of same @entity0 could be useful in differentiating acute unilateral obstruction from chronic cases.

title: Unenhanced urinary CT: value of parenchymal attenuation measurements in differentiating acute vs. chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has not been shown to reduce mortality in @entity0 with stable @entity7 ( @entity7 ). The long-term clinical success of PCI is defined as the persistent relief of signs and symptoms of @entity8 for more than 6 months after the index procedure. Data from large trials investigating the use of PCI in @entity0 with stable @entity7 show that @entity9 is still experienced in a large number of @entity0 one year after the procedure and that this proportion increases over time. These data are, however, largely from post-hoc analyses of studies powered to measure other end points. We conducted the first prospective study investigating the incidence of persistent @entity9 and inducible @entity3 in @entity0 with stable @entity7 undergoing PCI rated as 'successful' by the interventional cardiologist, and present an interim analysis of data from 220 @entity0 . The mean age of our @entity0 was 65 years; they were mostly male, mildly @entity2 , @entity5 and dyslipidemic. Most @entity0 had @entity4 affecting the left anterior descending artery and received a drug-eluting stent, and all @entity0 had a positive stress test before PCI. At the follow-up visit, which was performed within 4 weeks of the index procedure, 52% of @entity0 still had a positive stress test. Before PCI, 66% of @entity0 reported experiencing @entity9 on exertion. At the follow-up visit, one-third of those @entity0 were still experiencing @entity9 . @entity0 experiencing persistent @entity9 (21% of the study population) graded their symptoms as improved (66%), unchanged (33%) or worsened (1%) after the procedure. We hypothesize that coronary @entity6 is a possible cause of persistent @entity9 in this highly select group of @entity0 . Risk factors for @entity6 include @entity10 , smoking and @entity1 . It is currently difficult to dissect the relative contributions of @entity11 and @entity6 in precipitating @entity8 . A better understanding of these mechanisms could reduce the number of unnecessary PCI procedures. Moreover, treatment options in @entity0 who continue to experience @entity9 despite 'optimal' medical therapy and 'successful' PCI are urgently required.

title: Persistent XXXX : the Araba Phoenix of cardiology.

answer: @entity9


abstract: CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: We used the wing somatic assay in @entity2 to test the hypothesis that two phytoextracts from Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol (Cecropiaceae) and Equisetum myriochaetum Schlecht. et Cham (Equisetaceae), which are used in folk medicine to treat @entity1 , could detoxify the mutagen @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Third instar larvae from standard (ST) and high-bioactivation (HB) crosses were chronically exposed to different concentrations of the phytoextracts. @entity3 was used to induce oxidative stress and was chronically tested in both crosses. @entity5 activity was measured in larvae of both strains 48   h after treatment with @entity3 . A pretreatment protocol was devised to test the antimutagenic potency of the medicinal extracts. RESULTS: The present study showed that neither of the phytoextracts were genotoxic in @entity2 . Interestingly, the antioxidant enzyme activity levels were different between the larvae. @entity3 resulted in a significant genotoxic effect in the ST cross, whereas a detoxification of @entity3 was found in the @entity4 . Thus, @entity5 was stimulated in the @entity4 , which was indicative of a cellular defense mechanism mounted against a xenobiotic hazard. We found that the percentage of inhibition of spots produced by E. myriochaetum was much higher than that induced by Cecropia obtusifolia. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: These results are in agreement with the uses of these phytoextracts in traditional medicine. Indeed, the lack of genotoxicity and the antimutagenic activity observed for both phytoextracts validates their use as a therapeutic modality to treat @entity1 @entity0 . Moreover, these extracts are suitable for consumption as teas and/or phytomedicines.

title: Antimutagenic activity of two medicinal phytoextracts in somatic cells of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 proteins (HSPs) are synthesized by cells in response to various stress conditions, including @entity2 . The expression of HSPs in @entity1 has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, and HSPs also can act by increasing immunity. In the current study, the authors attempted to clarify the significance of @entity3 and their effect on @entity1 behavior. METHODS: Expression levels of the 27-kilodalton @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 were studied using immunohistochemistry on tissue sections from 42 transitional cell @entity4 of the bladder (14 Grade 1 @entity1 ; 13 Grade 2 @entity1 ; 15 Grade 3 @entity1 , including 3 @entity1 associated with @entity4 in situ; 30 Stage Ta @entity1 ; 7 Stage T1 @entity1 ; and 5 Stage T2 @entity1 ). Bladder specimens from 10 healthy @entity0 were used as controls in the study. The selected @entity0 had a mean follow-up of 52 months (range, 24-78 months). Among the 37 @entity0 with superficial @entity3 , 17 @entity0 did not have any recurrence after undergoing primary resection, and 20 @entity0 developed recurrent disease, including 4 recurrences with @entity9 . @entity6 expression was evaluated according to the percentage of positively stained cells, and loss of expression was defined as < 80% of stained cells. RESULTS: In normal bladder specimens, all four HSPs ( @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 ) were expressed strongly in the cytoplasm and membrane from the basal cell layer to the superficial cell layer. Loss of expression was detected in @entity1 : respectively, 45.2%, 38.1%, 69.0% and 23.8% of @entity1 showed a loss of immunostaining for @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 . No correlation between @entity6 expression and grade was found. Low expression levels of @entity6 and @entity10 were correlated with higher @entity1 stage (87% vs. 6% [P < 0.001] and 78% vs. 9% [P < 0.01], respectively). @entity10 and @entity8 expression levels were correlated with final outcome for @entity0 with superficial @entity3 : loss of expression was associated with the risk of developing an infiltrating recurrence (97% vs. 6.0% [P < 0.001] and 88.2% vs. 52.5% [P = 0.02] for @entity10 and @entity8 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: HSPs were expressed in normal urothelium, and the current results indicated that loss of @entity10 and @entity8 expression may have prognostic relevance in @entity0 with @entity3 . The authors believe that @entity10 may be a very useful marker for @entity0 with superficial @entity3 and may be used for predicting disease progression. If these data are confirmed, low @entity10 expression levels may be usable as a prognostic marker to identify @entity0 for whom local treatment would be insufficient.

title: @entity5 proteins XXXX , @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 : expression in @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 proteins (HSPs) are synthesized by cells in response to various stress conditions, including @entity2 . The expression of HSPs in @entity1 has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, and HSPs also can act by increasing immunity. In the current study, the authors attempted to clarify the significance of @entity3 and their effect on @entity1 behavior. METHODS: Expression levels of the 27-kilodalton @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 were studied using immunohistochemistry on tissue sections from 42 transitional cell @entity4 of the bladder (14 Grade 1 @entity1 ; 13 Grade 2 @entity1 ; 15 Grade 3 @entity1 , including 3 @entity1 associated with @entity4 in situ; 30 Stage Ta @entity1 ; 7 Stage T1 @entity1 ; and 5 Stage T2 @entity1 ). Bladder specimens from 10 healthy @entity0 were used as controls in the study. The selected @entity0 had a mean follow-up of 52 months (range, 24-78 months). Among the 37 @entity0 with superficial @entity3 , 17 @entity0 did not have any recurrence after undergoing primary resection, and 20 @entity0 developed recurrent disease, including 4 recurrences with @entity9 . @entity6 expression was evaluated according to the percentage of positively stained cells, and loss of expression was defined as < 80% of stained cells. RESULTS: In normal bladder specimens, all four HSPs ( @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 ) were expressed strongly in the cytoplasm and membrane from the basal cell layer to the superficial cell layer. Loss of expression was detected in @entity1 : respectively, 45.2%, 38.1%, 69.0% and 23.8% of @entity1 showed a loss of immunostaining for @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 . No correlation between @entity6 expression and grade was found. Low expression levels of @entity6 and @entity10 were correlated with higher @entity1 stage (87% vs. 6% [P < 0.001] and 78% vs. 9% [P < 0.01], respectively). @entity10 and @entity8 expression levels were correlated with final outcome for @entity0 with superficial @entity3 : loss of expression was associated with the risk of developing an infiltrating recurrence (97% vs. 6.0% [P < 0.001] and 88.2% vs. 52.5% [P = 0.02] for @entity10 and @entity8 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: HSPs were expressed in normal urothelium, and the current results indicated that loss of @entity10 and @entity8 expression may have prognostic relevance in @entity0 with @entity3 . The authors believe that @entity10 may be a very useful marker for @entity0 with superficial @entity3 and may be used for predicting disease progression. If these data are confirmed, low @entity10 expression levels may be usable as a prognostic marker to identify @entity0 for whom local treatment would be insufficient.

title: @entity5 proteins @entity6 , @entity10 , XXXX , and @entity8 : expression in @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 proteins (HSPs) are synthesized by cells in response to various stress conditions, including @entity2 . The expression of HSPs in @entity1 has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, and HSPs also can act by increasing immunity. In the current study, the authors attempted to clarify the significance of @entity3 and their effect on @entity1 behavior. METHODS: Expression levels of the 27-kilodalton @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 were studied using immunohistochemistry on tissue sections from 42 transitional cell @entity4 of the bladder (14 Grade 1 @entity1 ; 13 Grade 2 @entity1 ; 15 Grade 3 @entity1 , including 3 @entity1 associated with @entity4 in situ; 30 Stage Ta @entity1 ; 7 Stage T1 @entity1 ; and 5 Stage T2 @entity1 ). Bladder specimens from 10 healthy @entity0 were used as controls in the study. The selected @entity0 had a mean follow-up of 52 months (range, 24-78 months). Among the 37 @entity0 with superficial @entity3 , 17 @entity0 did not have any recurrence after undergoing primary resection, and 20 @entity0 developed recurrent disease, including 4 recurrences with @entity9 . @entity6 expression was evaluated according to the percentage of positively stained cells, and loss of expression was defined as < 80% of stained cells. RESULTS: In normal bladder specimens, all four HSPs ( @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 ) were expressed strongly in the cytoplasm and membrane from the basal cell layer to the superficial cell layer. Loss of expression was detected in @entity1 : respectively, 45.2%, 38.1%, 69.0% and 23.8% of @entity1 showed a loss of immunostaining for @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 . No correlation between @entity6 expression and grade was found. Low expression levels of @entity6 and @entity10 were correlated with higher @entity1 stage (87% vs. 6% [P < 0.001] and 78% vs. 9% [P < 0.01], respectively). @entity10 and @entity8 expression levels were correlated with final outcome for @entity0 with superficial @entity3 : loss of expression was associated with the risk of developing an infiltrating recurrence (97% vs. 6.0% [P < 0.001] and 88.2% vs. 52.5% [P = 0.02] for @entity10 and @entity8 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: HSPs were expressed in normal urothelium, and the current results indicated that loss of @entity10 and @entity8 expression may have prognostic relevance in @entity0 with @entity3 . The authors believe that @entity10 may be a very useful marker for @entity0 with superficial @entity3 and may be used for predicting disease progression. If these data are confirmed, low @entity10 expression levels may be usable as a prognostic marker to identify @entity0 for whom local treatment would be insufficient.

title: @entity5 proteins @entity6 , XXXX , @entity7 , and @entity8 : expression in @entity3 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 proteins (HSPs) are synthesized by cells in response to various stress conditions, including @entity2 . The expression of HSPs in @entity1 has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, and HSPs also can act by increasing immunity. In the current study, the authors attempted to clarify the significance of @entity3 and their effect on @entity1 behavior. METHODS: Expression levels of the 27-kilodalton @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 were studied using immunohistochemistry on tissue sections from 42 transitional cell @entity4 of the bladder (14 Grade 1 @entity1 ; 13 Grade 2 @entity1 ; 15 Grade 3 @entity1 , including 3 @entity1 associated with @entity4 in situ; 30 Stage Ta @entity1 ; 7 Stage T1 @entity1 ; and 5 Stage T2 @entity1 ). Bladder specimens from 10 healthy @entity0 were used as controls in the study. The selected @entity0 had a mean follow-up of 52 months (range, 24-78 months). Among the 37 @entity0 with superficial @entity3 , 17 @entity0 did not have any recurrence after undergoing primary resection, and 20 @entity0 developed recurrent disease, including 4 recurrences with @entity9 . @entity6 expression was evaluated according to the percentage of positively stained cells, and loss of expression was defined as < 80% of stained cells. RESULTS: In normal bladder specimens, all four HSPs ( @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 ) were expressed strongly in the cytoplasm and membrane from the basal cell layer to the superficial cell layer. Loss of expression was detected in @entity1 : respectively, 45.2%, 38.1%, 69.0% and 23.8% of @entity1 showed a loss of immunostaining for @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 . No correlation between @entity6 expression and grade was found. Low expression levels of @entity6 and @entity10 were correlated with higher @entity1 stage (87% vs. 6% [P < 0.001] and 78% vs. 9% [P < 0.01], respectively). @entity10 and @entity8 expression levels were correlated with final outcome for @entity0 with superficial @entity3 : loss of expression was associated with the risk of developing an infiltrating recurrence (97% vs. 6.0% [P < 0.001] and 88.2% vs. 52.5% [P = 0.02] for @entity10 and @entity8 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: HSPs were expressed in normal urothelium, and the current results indicated that loss of @entity10 and @entity8 expression may have prognostic relevance in @entity0 with @entity3 . The authors believe that @entity10 may be a very useful marker for @entity0 with superficial @entity3 and may be used for predicting disease progression. If these data are confirmed, low @entity10 expression levels may be usable as a prognostic marker to identify @entity0 for whom local treatment would be insufficient.

title: XXXX proteins @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 : expression in @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 proteins (HSPs) are synthesized by cells in response to various stress conditions, including @entity2 . The expression of HSPs in @entity1 has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, and HSPs also can act by increasing immunity. In the current study, the authors attempted to clarify the significance of @entity3 and their effect on @entity1 behavior. METHODS: Expression levels of the 27-kilodalton @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 were studied using immunohistochemistry on tissue sections from 42 transitional cell @entity4 of the bladder (14 Grade 1 @entity1 ; 13 Grade 2 @entity1 ; 15 Grade 3 @entity1 , including 3 @entity1 associated with @entity4 in situ; 30 Stage Ta @entity1 ; 7 Stage T1 @entity1 ; and 5 Stage T2 @entity1 ). Bladder specimens from 10 healthy @entity0 were used as controls in the study. The selected @entity0 had a mean follow-up of 52 months (range, 24-78 months). Among the 37 @entity0 with superficial @entity3 , 17 @entity0 did not have any recurrence after undergoing primary resection, and 20 @entity0 developed recurrent disease, including 4 recurrences with @entity9 . @entity6 expression was evaluated according to the percentage of positively stained cells, and loss of expression was defined as < 80% of stained cells. RESULTS: In normal bladder specimens, all four HSPs ( @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 ) were expressed strongly in the cytoplasm and membrane from the basal cell layer to the superficial cell layer. Loss of expression was detected in @entity1 : respectively, 45.2%, 38.1%, 69.0% and 23.8% of @entity1 showed a loss of immunostaining for @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 . No correlation between @entity6 expression and grade was found. Low expression levels of @entity6 and @entity10 were correlated with higher @entity1 stage (87% vs. 6% [P < 0.001] and 78% vs. 9% [P < 0.01], respectively). @entity10 and @entity8 expression levels were correlated with final outcome for @entity0 with superficial @entity3 : loss of expression was associated with the risk of developing an infiltrating recurrence (97% vs. 6.0% [P < 0.001] and 88.2% vs. 52.5% [P = 0.02] for @entity10 and @entity8 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: HSPs were expressed in normal urothelium, and the current results indicated that loss of @entity10 and @entity8 expression may have prognostic relevance in @entity0 with @entity3 . The authors believe that @entity10 may be a very useful marker for @entity0 with superficial @entity3 and may be used for predicting disease progression. If these data are confirmed, low @entity10 expression levels may be usable as a prognostic marker to identify @entity0 for whom local treatment would be insufficient.

title: @entity5 proteins @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity7 , and XXXX : expression in @entity3 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 proteins (HSPs) are synthesized by cells in response to various stress conditions, including @entity2 . The expression of HSPs in @entity1 has been implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, and HSPs also can act by increasing immunity. In the current study, the authors attempted to clarify the significance of @entity3 and their effect on @entity1 behavior. METHODS: Expression levels of the 27-kilodalton @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 were studied using immunohistochemistry on tissue sections from 42 transitional cell @entity4 of the bladder (14 Grade 1 @entity1 ; 13 Grade 2 @entity1 ; 15 Grade 3 @entity1 , including 3 @entity1 associated with @entity4 in situ; 30 Stage Ta @entity1 ; 7 Stage T1 @entity1 ; and 5 Stage T2 @entity1 ). Bladder specimens from 10 healthy @entity0 were used as controls in the study. The selected @entity0 had a mean follow-up of 52 months (range, 24-78 months). Among the 37 @entity0 with superficial @entity3 , 17 @entity0 did not have any recurrence after undergoing primary resection, and 20 @entity0 developed recurrent disease, including 4 recurrences with @entity9 . @entity6 expression was evaluated according to the percentage of positively stained cells, and loss of expression was defined as < 80% of stained cells. RESULTS: In normal bladder specimens, all four HSPs ( @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 ) were expressed strongly in the cytoplasm and membrane from the basal cell layer to the superficial cell layer. Loss of expression was detected in @entity1 : respectively, 45.2%, 38.1%, 69.0% and 23.8% of @entity1 showed a loss of immunostaining for @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 . No correlation between @entity6 expression and grade was found. Low expression levels of @entity6 and @entity10 were correlated with higher @entity1 stage (87% vs. 6% [P < 0.001] and 78% vs. 9% [P < 0.01], respectively). @entity10 and @entity8 expression levels were correlated with final outcome for @entity0 with superficial @entity3 : loss of expression was associated with the risk of developing an infiltrating recurrence (97% vs. 6.0% [P < 0.001] and 88.2% vs. 52.5% [P = 0.02] for @entity10 and @entity8 , respectively). CONCLUSIONS: HSPs were expressed in normal urothelium, and the current results indicated that loss of @entity10 and @entity8 expression may have prognostic relevance in @entity0 with @entity3 . The authors believe that @entity10 may be a very useful marker for @entity0 with superficial @entity3 and may be used for predicting disease progression. If these data are confirmed, low @entity10 expression levels may be usable as a prognostic marker to identify @entity0 for whom local treatment would be insufficient.

title: @entity5 proteins @entity6 , @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity8 : expression in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The natural history of @entity3 ends in @entity2 and @entity1 . In 1990 the first endovascular exclusion of an @entity3 , using an endoluminal graft implanted through the femoral arteries was performed. More recently, the same procedure has been used for @entity3 of the thoracic aorta. AIM: To report our experience with endovascular treatment of thoracic aorta @entity3 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of 14 @entity0 (nine male), aged 30 to 79 years, treated between May 2001 and August 2002. RESULTS: The mean diameter of the @entity3 was 6.9 cm. The etiology was @entity5 in nine @entity0 . The Excluder device (Gore) was preferentially used. There was no operative mortality or @entity4 . One @entity0 had a transient leg monoparesis that reverted completely. No @entity0 had type I endoleaks. Two @entity0 had @entity6 on discharge, that sealed spontaneously. In a follow up, ranging from 2 to 17 months, one @entity0 died of a @entity8 and no @entity7 has been detected. CONCLUSIONS: The short term results of endoluminal treatment of thoracic aorta @entity3 are excellent. This treatment is less invasive and has less complications than conventional surgery.

title: [Endovascular treatment of descending thoracic aorta XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 are the leading cause of mortality in Chile and, among these, @entity3 are the second most frequent cause of @entity5 . The lOngest number of deaths occur in the Metropolitan Region. AIM: To describe the rates of mortality caused by solid @entity3 in the Metropolitan Region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Analysis of deaths that occurred in 1999 in the Metropolitan Region. Data from @entity5 certificates, gathered by the Ministry of Health, were used. Crude mortality rates and Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) caused by solid @entity3 were calculated. RESULTS: Among @entity1 , @entity6 accounts for the higher rate of mortality, followed by @entity2 . Among @entity1 , @entity7 is the most frequent cause of @entity5 , followed by @entity0 . @entity6 also accounts for the higher amount of PYLL among @entity1 , but among @entity1 , @entity0 outweighs @entity7 in this parameter. CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 continues to be an important cause of mortality in Chile and there is a worrysome increase in the mortality caused by @entity7 .

title: [Epidemiological analysis of mortality caused by solid XXXX in the Metropolitan Region, Chile, 1999].

answer: @entity3


abstract: A group of lactobacilli isolated from the cervix of 31 healthy @entity0 was characterized by ( @entity5 )-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting in order to evaluate this method for identification of vaginal lactobacilli. Obtained fingerprints were compared with profiles available in an in-house database of the CCM bacteria collection covering type and reference strains of multiple @entity1 bacteria including lactobacilli. Selected strains representing individual clusters were further identified by pheS gene sequencing. In total, six @entity3 species were found among lactobacilli isolated from the cervix of healthy @entity0 . The ( @entity5 )-PCR method identified @entity6 (11 strains), @entity4 (one), and some of the @entity3 jensenii strains (eight out of 11), but failed to identify the remaining strains, including the @entity3 (18), @entity3 mucosae (one), and @entity3 vaginalis (one) species. L. jensenii strains were distributed over two fingerprint clusters. The majority of samples was dominated by one ( @entity5 )-PCR type. The rep-PCR fingerprinting using the ( @entity5 ) primer allowed straightforward identification of many, but not all, isolates. This method has been shown to be a useful tool for fast screening and grouping of vaginal lactobacilli, but its combination with another identification method is needed to obtain reliable identification results. In addition, @entity2 was not shown to be the most common inhabitant of the female genital tract as generally assumed.

title: ( XXXX )-PCR fingerprinting of lactobacilli isolated from cervix of healthy @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: A group of lactobacilli isolated from the cervix of 31 healthy @entity0 was characterized by ( @entity5 )-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting in order to evaluate this method for identification of vaginal lactobacilli. Obtained fingerprints were compared with profiles available in an in-house database of the CCM bacteria collection covering type and reference strains of multiple @entity1 bacteria including lactobacilli. Selected strains representing individual clusters were further identified by pheS gene sequencing. In total, six @entity3 species were found among lactobacilli isolated from the cervix of healthy @entity0 . The ( @entity5 )-PCR method identified @entity6 (11 strains), @entity4 (one), and some of the @entity3 jensenii strains (eight out of 11), but failed to identify the remaining strains, including the @entity3 (18), @entity3 mucosae (one), and @entity3 vaginalis (one) species. L. jensenii strains were distributed over two fingerprint clusters. The majority of samples was dominated by one ( @entity5 )-PCR type. The rep-PCR fingerprinting using the ( @entity5 ) primer allowed straightforward identification of many, but not all, isolates. This method has been shown to be a useful tool for fast screening and grouping of vaginal lactobacilli, but its combination with another identification method is needed to obtain reliable identification results. In addition, @entity2 was not shown to be the most common inhabitant of the female genital tract as generally assumed.

title: ( @entity5 )-PCR fingerprinting of lactobacilli isolated from cervix of healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness and safety of percutaneous vertebroplasty for the treatment of @entity4 as published in the scientific literature. DESIGN: Literature review. METHOD: Medline and the Cochrane library were searched with the terms 'percutaneous vertebroplasty', ' @entity4 '. Criteria for inclusion were: (a) the studies had to have been published in the period January 1985-August 2002, (b) the study population had to include at least 10 @entity0 , (c) the @entity0 had to have been treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty, and (d) the diagnosis had to have been 'osteoporotic vertebral compression @entity2 '. RESULTS: Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. @entity1 relief was seen in 60%-100% of the @entity0 within the first 24 hours and this result improved to 78-100% in the long term (maximum 4 years). The complications immediately after the procedure were related to cement leakages and were mostly of no clinical consequence. Serious complications such as @entity3 were rare. In the long term, percutaneous vertebroplasty was associated with an increased risk of @entity2 in the adjacent vertebrae. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous vertebroplasty seems to be effective and safe in the treatment of @entity4 . A prospective randomised intervention study has, however, not yet been performed. For the time being, percutaneous vertebroplasty should be reserved for carefully selected @entity0 in whom conservative therapy has not produced results.

title: [Percutaneous vertebroplasty in the treatment of XXXX : review of the literature].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Intravenous @entity2 cell injection and spontaneously metastasising transplantable @entity2 have been used as models for @entity2 spread. To evaluate the validity of these two experimental approaches for the study of @entity5 and @entity1 , the effect of anticoagulants on "secondary" @entity2 growth was investigated in both models and the results were compared. The B16 @entity4 and the @entity0 in C57BL @entity3 were employed throughout the study, and anticoagulation was rendered through the use of phenprocoumon, heparin and ancrod. All anticoagulants were capable of reducing lung colonies after i.v. @entity2 cell injection, whereas only @entity7 significantly diminished the formation of spontaneous @entity1 . A review of the current literature on anticoagulants and @entity2 dissemination and the observations described lead to the following conclusions: (1) Results from studies with i.v. introduced @entity2 cells cannot be extrapolated to spontaneously metastasising @entity2 . (2) Spontaneously metastasising @entity2 represent the preferable model for the study of antimetastatic effects of anticoagulants. (3) Little evidence exists to support the concept of the pathogenetic role of fibrin formation in the establishment of spontaneous @entity1 from blood-borne @entity2 cells. (4) @entity6 derivatives are potent antimetastatic drugs, their mode of action appears to be independent of their anticoagulant activity.

title: Anticoagulants and experimental XXXX -evaluation of antimetastatic effects in different model systems.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although @entity1 accounts for up to 40% of all childhood @entity2 , it is a rare disease in adults. Consequently, there are few mature data on the impact of up-front treatment options after surgery that include observation or adjuvant radiotherapy. METHODS: Ten @entity0 and 20 @entity0 were identified who were diagnosed with @entity1 from 1971 to 2007 and were retrospectively reviewed. The median @entity0 age was 30 years (range, 18-64 years), and the median follow-up was 87 months (range, 16-420 months). Initial surgery included biopsy (10% of @entity0 ), subtotal resection (57% of @entity0 ), or gross-total resection (33% of @entity0 ). Nineteen @entity0 were observed postoperatively, whereas 11 @entity0 received up-front postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy (50 grays in 25 fractions). No @entity0 received adjuvant or concurrent chemotherapy. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Differences between survival curves were analyzed with the log-rank test. RESULTS: For the entire cohort, the 5-year and 10-year OS rates were 95% and 85%, respectively, and the 5-year and 10-year PFS rates were 63% and 35%, respectively. The median PFS was 8.4 years. Initial radiation, compared with observation, did not have an impact on OS but significantly improved PFS. The 5-year PFS rate for @entity0 who were observed versus those who received radiation was 42% versus 91%, respectively; and, at 10 years, the PFS rate was 17% versus 60%, respectively (P = .005). @entity0 who progressed after observation (11 of 19 @entity0 ) received various salvage therapies, resulting in a 2-year PFS rate of 68% compared with 33% for @entity0 who progressed after initial radiation (3 of 11 @entity0 ) and were salvaged with either chemotherapy or surgery (P = .1). CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant radiotherapy for @entity1 significantly prolonged PFS at both 5 years and 10 years compared with observation. However, equivalent OS was observed, which reflected the efficacy of salvage therapies.

title: Upfront observation versus radiation for adult XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Atrophy of the stria vascularis and spiral ligament and an associated decrease in the endocochlear potential (EP) are significant factors in age-related @entity1 (presbyacusis). To model this EP decrease, @entity2 was delivered into the round-window niche of young adult gerbils by osmotic pump for seven days, chronically reducing the EP by 30-40 mV. Compound action potential (CAP) thresholds were correspondingly reduced by 30-40 dB @entity4 at high frequencies. Two weeks after withdrawal of @entity2 , the treated ears showed an EP recovery of up to 20-30 mV along with a similar recovery of CAP thresholds. The influence of cell division on @entity2 -induced and age-related decline of the EP was examined using a mitotic tracer, @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Cell proliferation was examined in three groups: young control, @entity2 -treated, and aged cochleas. Sections immunostained for @entity3 were bleached with @entity0 to eliminate ambiguities with melanin pigment in the inner ear. Cell types positively labeled for @entity3 in all three groups included Schwann cells in Rosenthal's canal; glial cells in the osseous spiral lamina; fibrocytes in the limbus, sacculus, and spiral ligament (SL); epithelial cells in Reissner's and round-window membranes; intermediate cells in the stria vascularis; and vascular endothelial cells. Quantitative analysis showed that the mean number of @entity3 -positive ( @entity3 +) intermediate cells in the stria did not differ significantly among the three groups. In contrast, there was a significant increase of @entity3 + fibrocytes in the SL of @entity2 -treated animals as compared to the young control group. Moreover, there was a significant decrease in labeled fibrocytes in the aged versus the young ears, particularly among the type II and type IV subtypes. The results suggest that the increased fibrocyte turnover in the SL after @entity2 treatment may be related to the recovery of EP and CAP thresholds, supporting the hypothesis that fibrocyte proliferation may be essential for maintaining the EP and cochlear function in normal and damaged cochleas. Moreover, the decreased turnover of SL fibrocytes with age may be a contributing factor underlying the lateral wall pathology and consequent EP loss that often accompanies presbyacusis.

title: Effects of chronic XXXX treatment and age on cell division in the adult gerbil inner ear.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the walking pattern of @entity0 with @entity3 . The materials consist of 37 cases of @entity2 , ten cases of fused hips and two cases of @entity4 which had not been treated. Of the 37 cases with @entity2 , seven cases were in pre- @entity5 or in the early stage of it. They had slight @entity1 and an almost normal range of motion. Thirty cases were in advanced @entity5 and were treated by total hip replacement. For the purpose of examining the walking pattern of the above mentioned @entity0 , three-dimensional components of the floor reaction force were measured by Matake's force plate, and three loop diagrams were made by taking two dimensions at a time and plotting them on an X-Y recorder in order to easily understand the walking as a pattern. In the present paper only the alpha-diagram, which is composed of the vertical, forward and backward components, was used. In the @entity0 with @entity2 , the figure of the alpha-diagram decreases and the unweighting effect in the vertical floor reaction disappears as the degree of the @entity1 increases, while, on the normal side, some compensatory function was seen in the characteristic figure. In the cases of untreated @entity4 , the figures of the alpha-diagram were similar to the pattern of a @entity1 hip with @entity2 . From these facts it is concluded that the most important factor influencing the walking pattern is @entity1 .

title: [Walking pattern of @entity0 with XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The purpose of the present paper is to investigate the walking pattern of @entity0 with @entity3 . The materials consist of 37 cases of @entity2 , ten cases of fused hips and two cases of @entity4 which had not been treated. Of the 37 cases with @entity2 , seven cases were in pre- @entity5 or in the early stage of it. They had slight @entity1 and an almost normal range of motion. Thirty cases were in advanced @entity5 and were treated by total hip replacement. For the purpose of examining the walking pattern of the above mentioned @entity0 , three-dimensional components of the floor reaction force were measured by Matake's force plate, and three loop diagrams were made by taking two dimensions at a time and plotting them on an X-Y recorder in order to easily understand the walking as a pattern. In the present paper only the alpha-diagram, which is composed of the vertical, forward and backward components, was used. In the @entity0 with @entity2 , the figure of the alpha-diagram decreases and the unweighting effect in the vertical floor reaction disappears as the degree of the @entity1 increases, while, on the normal side, some compensatory function was seen in the characteristic figure. In the cases of untreated @entity4 , the figures of the alpha-diagram were similar to the pattern of a @entity1 hip with @entity2 . From these facts it is concluded that the most important factor influencing the walking pattern is @entity1 .

title: [Walking pattern of XXXX with @entity3 (author's transl)].

answer: @entity0