abstract: Pharmacokinetic properties of @entity1 derivatives drug possessing antipsychotic, actoprotector, antiarrhythmic, antiulcerogenic, antiallergic, uricosuric, anthelmintic activities have been summarized. Pharmacokinetics of @entity1 derivatives used in veterinary practice as anthelmintic drugs is also considered. @entity2 derivatives are characterised by multicompartment and ambiguous pharmacokinetic models. The derivatives of @entity2 are subjected to the first pass metabolism in the liver, and, therefore, they are converted to both active, and inactive metabolites. It is necessary to take into account for coadministration of @entity2 with other drugs. Hepatoduodenal circulation and repeated adsorption of unchanged drug and its metabolites in the gut is observed for @entity1 . Many derivatives of @entity2 are characterised by rather low absolute bioavailability during peroral intake (from 2 up to 60%). Benzimidazsole derivative may bind to proteins and cell elements of blood. More often pharmacokinetic profile of @entity2 is linear for low doses, however, at high doses the linearity is lost. For animals and @entity0 pharmacokinetic models are always nearly identical.

title: [Pharmacokinetics of XXXX derivatives].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 with @entity5 often complain of abnormal tiredness, difficulty in concentrating or low spirits. This study was carried out to examine levels of @entity1 and @entity2 in @entity5 and their relationship with other measures of lung health. One hundred and eleven @entity0 with @entity5 determined by high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scan were studied using a range of physiological and psychological outcome measures. @entity0 completed @entity1 and @entity2 , health status (quality of life), @entity3 and dypnoea questionnaires. Lung function was measured and exercise capacity was assessed using a shuttle walk test. @entity1 and @entity2 scores formed a continuum. Moderate-severe @entity1 was more frequent than equivalent levels of @entity2 (17 vs 9% of @entity0 ). @entity1 and @entity2 scores were associated with perceived health status (r=0.33 and 0.55). Neither @entity1 nor @entity2 was associated with the extent of @entity5 on CT scan. @entity2 was correlated with @entity4 and exercise performance (r=0.33 and 0.40), but @entity1 was not. The correlation between @entity2 and exercise performance was not simply due to the influence of somatic items in the @entity2 questionnaire. We conclude that @entity1 and @entity2 are quite common in @entity5 in that 34% of @entity0 had elevated scores for @entity2 or both. The non-somatic components of @entity2 were linked to dyspnoea and exercise performance, but @entity1 was only related to perceived health. Therefore, treatment aimed at reducing symptoms and improving exercise capacity will not reduce levels of @entity1 which need alternative therapy.

title: Relationship between psychological well-being and lung health status in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity0 with @entity5 often complain of abnormal tiredness, difficulty in concentrating or low spirits. This study was carried out to examine levels of @entity1 and @entity2 in @entity5 and their relationship with other measures of lung health. One hundred and eleven @entity0 with @entity5 determined by high-resolution computed tomography (CT) scan were studied using a range of physiological and psychological outcome measures. @entity0 completed @entity1 and @entity2 , health status (quality of life), @entity3 and dypnoea questionnaires. Lung function was measured and exercise capacity was assessed using a shuttle walk test. @entity1 and @entity2 scores formed a continuum. Moderate-severe @entity1 was more frequent than equivalent levels of @entity2 (17 vs 9% of @entity0 ). @entity1 and @entity2 scores were associated with perceived health status (r=0.33 and 0.55). Neither @entity1 nor @entity2 was associated with the extent of @entity5 on CT scan. @entity2 was correlated with @entity4 and exercise performance (r=0.33 and 0.40), but @entity1 was not. The correlation between @entity2 and exercise performance was not simply due to the influence of somatic items in the @entity2 questionnaire. We conclude that @entity1 and @entity2 are quite common in @entity5 in that 34% of @entity0 had elevated scores for @entity2 or both. The non-somatic components of @entity2 were linked to dyspnoea and exercise performance, but @entity1 was only related to perceived health. Therefore, treatment aimed at reducing symptoms and improving exercise capacity will not reduce levels of @entity1 which need alternative therapy.

title: Relationship between psychological well-being and lung health status in XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To assess the efficacy of hemoperfusion (HP) in the treatment of the @entity0 with acute severe @entity7 ( @entity7 ) @entity6 . METHODS: One hundred and eight @entity0 with acute severe @entity7 @entity6 in the two teaching hospitals were enrolled. Sixty-seven @entity0 were treated with HP (HP group) and forty-one @entity0 accepted traditional treatment only as the control. Serum concentration of @entity7 was determined by gas chromatography. RESULTS: The duration of @entity1 , @entity4 , ICU stay, and mechanical ventilation was significantly shorter in the HP group than that in the control. The cumulative dosages (mg) of @entity5 required either in the first 24 h on admission (442+/-436 vs 899+/-485 in the control, P<0.01) or within the hospital (568+/-574 vs 1228+/-982 in the control, P<0.01) were markedly reduced in the HP @entity0 . The lower incidence of mechanical ventilation required (13.4 % vs 36.6 % P<0.01), respiratory muscular @entity2 (4.5 % vs 17.1 %, P<0.05) and the lower mortality of death (7.5 % vs 34.1 %, P<0.01) were observed in the HP group. HP could accelerate the recovery of suppressed cholinesterase activity. After the procedure, the @entity7 level was decreased from (11+/-4) to (7+/-3) mg/L in parallel with a decline in APACHE II Score or @entity3 dose and a rise in Glasgow @entity1 Scale (P<0.05). In addition, the mean values of peak clearance and reduction rate were (87+/-17) mL/min and 44 %+/-11 %, respectively. CONCLUSION: The rapid fall in blood @entity7 level and the dramatic clinical response suggest that HP is effective in the treatment of acute severe @entity7 @entity6 .

title: Therapeutic efficacy of charcoal hemoperfusion in @entity0 with acute severe XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIM: To assess the efficacy of hemoperfusion (HP) in the treatment of the @entity0 with acute severe @entity7 ( @entity7 ) @entity6 . METHODS: One hundred and eight @entity0 with acute severe @entity7 @entity6 in the two teaching hospitals were enrolled. Sixty-seven @entity0 were treated with HP (HP group) and forty-one @entity0 accepted traditional treatment only as the control. Serum concentration of @entity7 was determined by gas chromatography. RESULTS: The duration of @entity1 , @entity4 , ICU stay, and mechanical ventilation was significantly shorter in the HP group than that in the control. The cumulative dosages (mg) of @entity5 required either in the first 24 h on admission (442+/-436 vs 899+/-485 in the control, P<0.01) or within the hospital (568+/-574 vs 1228+/-982 in the control, P<0.01) were markedly reduced in the HP @entity0 . The lower incidence of mechanical ventilation required (13.4 % vs 36.6 % P<0.01), respiratory muscular @entity2 (4.5 % vs 17.1 %, P<0.05) and the lower mortality of death (7.5 % vs 34.1 %, P<0.01) were observed in the HP group. HP could accelerate the recovery of suppressed cholinesterase activity. After the procedure, the @entity7 level was decreased from (11+/-4) to (7+/-3) mg/L in parallel with a decline in APACHE II Score or @entity3 dose and a rise in Glasgow @entity1 Scale (P<0.05). In addition, the mean values of peak clearance and reduction rate were (87+/-17) mL/min and 44 %+/-11 %, respectively. CONCLUSION: The rapid fall in blood @entity7 level and the dramatic clinical response suggest that HP is effective in the treatment of acute severe @entity7 @entity6 .

title: Therapeutic efficacy of charcoal hemoperfusion in XXXX with acute severe @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Reports of outcome after surgery for @entity2 predominantly relate to single operative procedures. A single surgical operation is not appropriate for all @entity0 with @entity2 . We describe a selective policy based on clinical criteria. METHODS: @entity0 were offered surgery according to the following broad clinical protocol. Those who were unfit for abdominal surgery had a perineal operation. The remainder had a suture abdominal rectopexy. A sigmoid resection was added for @entity0 in whom @entity1 was not a predominant symptom. RESULTS: Surgery was performed in 159 @entity0 . Of these, 57 had a perineal operation, 65 had fixation rectopexy, and 37 had resection rectopexy. There were no in-hospital deaths, and major complications occurred in five @entity0 (3.5 percent). Minimum follow-up was 3 years. Of the 143 @entity0 with long-term follow-up, recurrence occurred in 7 (5 percent). Constipation increased from 41 to 43 percent (59-61/143) and @entity1 decreased from 43 to 19 percent (61 to 27/143). CONCLUSIONS: A selective policy has improved outcome compared with reports of a single operation. Future studies might consider an objective method of selecting the type of operation for @entity2 .

title: Strategy for selection of type of operation for XXXX based on clinical criteria.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Telomerase activity in a @entity0 lymphoblastoid cell line with wild-type @entity1 status (TK6) was previously shown to be rapidly induced by ionizing radiation doses as low as 10 cGy. Since this low-dose response was absent in a closely related cell line overexpressing a mutant form of @entity1 (WTK1), the putative involvement of @entity1 was further investigated using stable @entity2 ( @entity2 ) E6 transfectants of these cell lines. The E6 product mediates rapid degradation of wild-type @entity1 , but has also been found to upregulate telomerase. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Telomerase activity in @entity2 E6 transfectants of the @entity0 lymphoblastoid cell lines TK6 and WTK1 was measured by PCR/ELISA and was quantified using internal standards (titration by cell number) run within each separate assay. Mean telomere length was determined by Southern hybridization of terminal restriction fragments with a @entity3 -labeled telomeric DNA probe. RESULTS: The TK6E6 and the WTK1E6 cells exhibited higher baseline telomerase activities than the parental cells. This was also accompanied by increased telomere lengths. Radiation exposure (up to 10 Gy) was unable to significantly further enhance telomerase activities, although the dynamic range of the assay would have allowed to record higher signals. CONCLUSION: The lacking radiation induction of telomerase activities in the E6 transfectants could reflect saturation, if E6 and radiation would share a common pathway of telomerase upregulation. Present evidence from the literature, however, suggests that E6 mediates @entity4 ( @entity4 ) subunit transcriptional activation, whereas radiation signals to posttranscriptional/posttranslational control of telomerase activity. Therefore, the present data enforce the previous hypothesis of a @entity1 dependence of telomerase upregulation by low doses of radiation and its abrogation, likely due to @entity1 degradation, in E6-expressing cells.

title: Abrogation of radiation-inducible telomerase upregulation in XXXX E6 transfectants of @entity0 lymphoblasts.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Telomerase activity in a @entity0 lymphoblastoid cell line with wild-type @entity1 status (TK6) was previously shown to be rapidly induced by ionizing radiation doses as low as 10 cGy. Since this low-dose response was absent in a closely related cell line overexpressing a mutant form of @entity1 (WTK1), the putative involvement of @entity1 was further investigated using stable @entity2 ( @entity2 ) E6 transfectants of these cell lines. The E6 product mediates rapid degradation of wild-type @entity1 , but has also been found to upregulate telomerase. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Telomerase activity in @entity2 E6 transfectants of the @entity0 lymphoblastoid cell lines TK6 and WTK1 was measured by PCR/ELISA and was quantified using internal standards (titration by cell number) run within each separate assay. Mean telomere length was determined by Southern hybridization of terminal restriction fragments with a @entity3 -labeled telomeric DNA probe. RESULTS: The TK6E6 and the WTK1E6 cells exhibited higher baseline telomerase activities than the parental cells. This was also accompanied by increased telomere lengths. Radiation exposure (up to 10 Gy) was unable to significantly further enhance telomerase activities, although the dynamic range of the assay would have allowed to record higher signals. CONCLUSION: The lacking radiation induction of telomerase activities in the E6 transfectants could reflect saturation, if E6 and radiation would share a common pathway of telomerase upregulation. Present evidence from the literature, however, suggests that E6 mediates @entity4 ( @entity4 ) subunit transcriptional activation, whereas radiation signals to posttranscriptional/posttranslational control of telomerase activity. Therefore, the present data enforce the previous hypothesis of a @entity1 dependence of telomerase upregulation by low doses of radiation and its abrogation, likely due to @entity1 degradation, in E6-expressing cells.

title: Abrogation of radiation-inducible telomerase upregulation in @entity2 E6 transfectants of XXXX lymphoblasts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To study @entity0 Loaded Collagen Implant (CI) pharmacokinetics behaviour in vitro. METHODS: The CI were incubated for 15 minutes in different @entity1 loading solutions with the following concentrations: 0.03 mg/mL (n = 9), 0.3 mg/mL (n = 10) and 3.0 mg/mL (n = 10). The loaded CI were transferred in 100 micro L of 0.9% @entity2 . Aqueous flow of 5 micro L/min was simulated. The @entity1 concentrations of the samples were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Dissolution kinetics were evaluated by a first-order process. The half-life of dissolution and the time of 95% dissolution were determined. RESULTS: The CI absorbed on average a @entity1 dose of 0.054, 0.530 and 6.090 micro g when incubated in the different @entity1 loading solutions containing 0.03 mg/mL, 0.3 mg/mL, 3.0 mg/mL of @entity1 , respectively. In the release experiments, the mean total dose delivered by CI was 0.0493, 0.585 and 5.291 micro g. A linear correlation between loading concentration and the estimated total dose released was demonstrated. The kinetic parameters showed a fast @entity1 dissolution. The half-life of the 3 series was 8.8, 10.1 and 10.5 min. CONCLUSIONS: Commercially available CI can be loaded with @entity1 , and could provide relatively slower release than sponge delivery of @entity1 . Clinical implications of these results warrants further studies.

title: In vitro release of XXXX from collagen implants.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tissue @entity7 is a major stimulus for the up-regulation of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity6 might theoretically impact on angiogenesis via @entity5 . We have investigated this hypothesis in @entity0 with solid @entity1 and @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: 49 @entity0 with untreated locoregionally confined solid @entity1 of the head and neck, cervix, rectum and lung and 59 additional @entity0 with non-malignant diseases (36 normemic @entity0 without serious diseases and 23 @entity0 with @entity3 ) were enrolled and the impact of @entity6 on plasma @entity2 levels were determined. @entity2 was measured with a commercially available sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. RESULTS: Plasma levels of @entity2 were 16.2 +/- 12.7 pg/ml in 36 normemic @entity0 without @entity1 , 49.2 +/- 34.5 pg/ml in 49 @entity0 with @entity1 (p < 0.001), and 89.9 +/- 67.8 pg/ml in 23 @entity0 with @entity3 (p = 0.001). @entity2 levels in @entity1 @entity0 were significantly correlated with hemoglobin (hb) levels and platelet counts (each p = 0.001), but not with type of @entity1 , stage, histology or age. @entity0 with @entity1 had higher plasma levels of @entity2 than @entity0 with non-malignant diseases in case of hb > or = 12 g/dl (33.1 +/- 17.5 vs 16.6 +/- 13.0 pg/ml, p < 0.001) and in case of hb between 11.0 and 11.9 g/dl (56.1 +/- 26.4 vs 18.5 +/- 14.5 pg/ml, p = 0.038). In case of a hb < 11 g/dl, plasma @entity2 levels were significantly elevated in @entity0 with and without @entity1 (67.0 +/- 47.5 vs 88.9 +/- 68.8 pg/ml, n.s.). In a multivariate model, a significant association between low hb levels and increased plasma levels of @entity2 was confirmed. In 16 @entity0 with @entity3 , changes in hb under erythropoietin treatment were inversely correlated with changes in plasma @entity2 levels with decreasing @entity2 after increase in hb (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Anemic @entity0 have elevated levels of @entity2 . The data suggest that @entity6 might impact on the progression of angiogenesis in @entity1 .

title: @entity6 and elevated systemic levels of XXXX ( @entity2 ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tissue @entity7 is a major stimulus for the up-regulation of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity6 might theoretically impact on angiogenesis via @entity5 . We have investigated this hypothesis in @entity0 with solid @entity1 and @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: 49 @entity0 with untreated locoregionally confined solid @entity1 of the head and neck, cervix, rectum and lung and 59 additional @entity0 with non-malignant diseases (36 normemic @entity0 without serious diseases and 23 @entity0 with @entity3 ) were enrolled and the impact of @entity6 on plasma @entity2 levels were determined. @entity2 was measured with a commercially available sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. RESULTS: Plasma levels of @entity2 were 16.2 +/- 12.7 pg/ml in 36 normemic @entity0 without @entity1 , 49.2 +/- 34.5 pg/ml in 49 @entity0 with @entity1 (p < 0.001), and 89.9 +/- 67.8 pg/ml in 23 @entity0 with @entity3 (p = 0.001). @entity2 levels in @entity1 @entity0 were significantly correlated with hemoglobin (hb) levels and platelet counts (each p = 0.001), but not with type of @entity1 , stage, histology or age. @entity0 with @entity1 had higher plasma levels of @entity2 than @entity0 with non-malignant diseases in case of hb > or = 12 g/dl (33.1 +/- 17.5 vs 16.6 +/- 13.0 pg/ml, p < 0.001) and in case of hb between 11.0 and 11.9 g/dl (56.1 +/- 26.4 vs 18.5 +/- 14.5 pg/ml, p = 0.038). In case of a hb < 11 g/dl, plasma @entity2 levels were significantly elevated in @entity0 with and without @entity1 (67.0 +/- 47.5 vs 88.9 +/- 68.8 pg/ml, n.s.). In a multivariate model, a significant association between low hb levels and increased plasma levels of @entity2 was confirmed. In 16 @entity0 with @entity3 , changes in hb under erythropoietin treatment were inversely correlated with changes in plasma @entity2 levels with decreasing @entity2 after increase in hb (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Anemic @entity0 have elevated levels of @entity2 . The data suggest that @entity6 might impact on the progression of angiogenesis in @entity1 .

title: @entity6 and elevated systemic levels of @entity2 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Tissue @entity7 is a major stimulus for the up-regulation of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity6 might theoretically impact on angiogenesis via @entity5 . We have investigated this hypothesis in @entity0 with solid @entity1 and @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: 49 @entity0 with untreated locoregionally confined solid @entity1 of the head and neck, cervix, rectum and lung and 59 additional @entity0 with non-malignant diseases (36 normemic @entity0 without serious diseases and 23 @entity0 with @entity3 ) were enrolled and the impact of @entity6 on plasma @entity2 levels were determined. @entity2 was measured with a commercially available sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. RESULTS: Plasma levels of @entity2 were 16.2 +/- 12.7 pg/ml in 36 normemic @entity0 without @entity1 , 49.2 +/- 34.5 pg/ml in 49 @entity0 with @entity1 (p < 0.001), and 89.9 +/- 67.8 pg/ml in 23 @entity0 with @entity3 (p = 0.001). @entity2 levels in @entity1 @entity0 were significantly correlated with hemoglobin (hb) levels and platelet counts (each p = 0.001), but not with type of @entity1 , stage, histology or age. @entity0 with @entity1 had higher plasma levels of @entity2 than @entity0 with non-malignant diseases in case of hb > or = 12 g/dl (33.1 +/- 17.5 vs 16.6 +/- 13.0 pg/ml, p < 0.001) and in case of hb between 11.0 and 11.9 g/dl (56.1 +/- 26.4 vs 18.5 +/- 14.5 pg/ml, p = 0.038). In case of a hb < 11 g/dl, plasma @entity2 levels were significantly elevated in @entity0 with and without @entity1 (67.0 +/- 47.5 vs 88.9 +/- 68.8 pg/ml, n.s.). In a multivariate model, a significant association between low hb levels and increased plasma levels of @entity2 was confirmed. In 16 @entity0 with @entity3 , changes in hb under erythropoietin treatment were inversely correlated with changes in plasma @entity2 levels with decreasing @entity2 after increase in hb (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Anemic @entity0 have elevated levels of @entity2 . The data suggest that @entity6 might impact on the progression of angiogenesis in @entity1 .

title: XXXX and elevated systemic levels of @entity2 ( @entity2 ).

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 0.1% eye drops represent a new class of anti-allergic agent with combined antihistaminic and mast cell-stabilizing properties. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe alterations in tear function and the ocular surface in @entity0 with @entity1 and to analyze the effect of topical @entity7 treatment on corneal sensitivity, tear function, and impression cytology variables. METHODS: This was a single-center, 3-visit, prospective, open-label study conducted in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 received 1 drop of topical @entity7 0.1% BID for 3 weeks. At each visit, @entity0 and healthy control subjects underwent routine ophthalmic examinations and measurements of corneal sensitivity and tear function (Schirmer test of tear quantity, tear film break-up time [BUT], @entity5 staining of the @entity4 ). All control subjects and a subgroup of @entity0 also underwent conjunctival impression cytology for assessment of @entity6 and goblet cell density. The outcomes of interest were changes in corneal sensitivity, tear function, and impression cytology variables after 3 weeks of treatment with @entity7 eye drops, both in @entity0 with @entity1 and between @entity0 and controls. RESULTS: At enrollment, the study included 46 eyes of 23 @entity0 (9 @entity0 , 14 @entity0 ; age range, 20-42 years) with @entity1 ; results were calculated based on the 21 @entity0 who completed the study. The control group consisted of 70 eyes of 35 healthy subjects (13 @entity0 , 22 @entity0 ; age range, 22-39 years). Before treatment, 64.3% of the eyes of @entity0 with @entity1 had a @entity5 staining score of >1 point, whereas after treatment, 14.3% had a score of >1 point (P < 0.001). @entity0 ' mean (+/- SD) corneal sensitivity improved to 55.0 +/- 2.5 mm from the pretreatment value of 42.5 +/- 2.5 mm (P < 0.001). Mean BUT values before and after treatment were 8.1 +/- 3.5 and 14.0 +/- 7.0 seconds, respectively (P < 0.001). Before treatment, @entity0 ' mean @entity6 grade was 2.5 +/- 0.5; at the end of treatment, it had decreased to 1.0 +/- 0.5 (P < 0.001). The mean pretreatment goblet cell density of 545 +/- 85 cells/ @entity3 improved to 1,090 +/- 100 cells/ @entity3 after treatment (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In the @entity0 population studied, the @entity2 , @entity6 , and loss of ocular surface goblet cells associated with @entity1 improved with topical @entity7 treatment.

title: Changes in tear function and the ocular surface after topical XXXX treatment for @entity1 : an open-label study.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity7 0.1% eye drops represent a new class of anti-allergic agent with combined antihistaminic and mast cell-stabilizing properties. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to describe alterations in tear function and the ocular surface in @entity0 with @entity1 and to analyze the effect of topical @entity7 treatment on corneal sensitivity, tear function, and impression cytology variables. METHODS: This was a single-center, 3-visit, prospective, open-label study conducted in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 received 1 drop of topical @entity7 0.1% BID for 3 weeks. At each visit, @entity0 and healthy control subjects underwent routine ophthalmic examinations and measurements of corneal sensitivity and tear function (Schirmer test of tear quantity, tear film break-up time [BUT], @entity5 staining of the @entity4 ). All control subjects and a subgroup of @entity0 also underwent conjunctival impression cytology for assessment of @entity6 and goblet cell density. The outcomes of interest were changes in corneal sensitivity, tear function, and impression cytology variables after 3 weeks of treatment with @entity7 eye drops, both in @entity0 with @entity1 and between @entity0 and controls. RESULTS: At enrollment, the study included 46 eyes of 23 @entity0 (9 @entity0 , 14 @entity0 ; age range, 20-42 years) with @entity1 ; results were calculated based on the 21 @entity0 who completed the study. The control group consisted of 70 eyes of 35 healthy subjects (13 @entity0 , 22 @entity0 ; age range, 22-39 years). Before treatment, 64.3% of the eyes of @entity0 with @entity1 had a @entity5 staining score of >1 point, whereas after treatment, 14.3% had a score of >1 point (P < 0.001). @entity0 ' mean (+/- SD) corneal sensitivity improved to 55.0 +/- 2.5 mm from the pretreatment value of 42.5 +/- 2.5 mm (P < 0.001). Mean BUT values before and after treatment were 8.1 +/- 3.5 and 14.0 +/- 7.0 seconds, respectively (P < 0.001). Before treatment, @entity0 ' mean @entity6 grade was 2.5 +/- 0.5; at the end of treatment, it had decreased to 1.0 +/- 0.5 (P < 0.001). The mean pretreatment goblet cell density of 545 +/- 85 cells/ @entity3 improved to 1,090 +/- 100 cells/ @entity3 after treatment (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In the @entity0 population studied, the @entity2 , @entity6 , and loss of ocular surface goblet cells associated with @entity1 improved with topical @entity7 treatment.

title: Changes in tear function and the ocular surface after topical @entity7 treatment for XXXX : an open-label study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Although @entity2 inhibitors have demonstrated their beneficial effects in @entity1 , whether different agents may induce different benefits remains unclear. We designed an open, sequential, prospective study switching @entity1 @entity0 receiving @entity4 to @entity3 which has been reported to be longer acting and better tolerated. The objective of the study was to find out if clinical and functional status could be further improved by changing from @entity4 30 mg daily to a @entity3 4 mg daily. Assessments of clinical status, echocardiography and nuclear ventriculography were performed at baseline under @entity4 (30 mg mean dose (b.i.d.)), then 6 and 12 months after the switch to @entity3 (4 mg/day mean dose). Thirty-one @entity0 were included (90% @entity0 , aged 56.5 +/- 11.8 years, mean radionuclide left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction 22.4 +/- 8.5 %). After 6 months of treatment, NYHA functional class was significantly improved; the percentage of @entity0 in class I increased to 57% after @entity3 versus 20% at baseline (p < 0.001), and 50% of the total study population gained at least one NYHA class. After 12 months of treatment, 80% of the @entity0 were in NYHA class I. Blood pressure decreased significantly with a good tolerance at 6 months and then remained stable. After 12 months of treatment, significant reductions of LV end-diastolic diameter (61.4 +/- 5.3 vs. 64.5 +/- 6.5 mm; p = 0.001) and LV mass index (143.3 +/- 21.5 vs. 164.2 +/- 40.2 g/m2; p < 0.001) were observed, reflecting a positive effect on the LV remodelling process. Despite some limitations, because it is of an open-label design with a small number of @entity0 , our study found significant differences in clinical and objective parameters in @entity1 @entity0 switched from @entity4 to @entity3 . The prognostic significance of these findings remains to be investigated.

title: @entity2 inhibitors in @entity1 --switching from XXXX to @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Although @entity2 inhibitors have demonstrated their beneficial effects in @entity1 , whether different agents may induce different benefits remains unclear. We designed an open, sequential, prospective study switching @entity1 @entity0 receiving @entity4 to @entity3 which has been reported to be longer acting and better tolerated. The objective of the study was to find out if clinical and functional status could be further improved by changing from @entity4 30 mg daily to a @entity3 4 mg daily. Assessments of clinical status, echocardiography and nuclear ventriculography were performed at baseline under @entity4 (30 mg mean dose (b.i.d.)), then 6 and 12 months after the switch to @entity3 (4 mg/day mean dose). Thirty-one @entity0 were included (90% @entity0 , aged 56.5 +/- 11.8 years, mean radionuclide left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction 22.4 +/- 8.5 %). After 6 months of treatment, NYHA functional class was significantly improved; the percentage of @entity0 in class I increased to 57% after @entity3 versus 20% at baseline (p < 0.001), and 50% of the total study population gained at least one NYHA class. After 12 months of treatment, 80% of the @entity0 were in NYHA class I. Blood pressure decreased significantly with a good tolerance at 6 months and then remained stable. After 12 months of treatment, significant reductions of LV end-diastolic diameter (61.4 +/- 5.3 vs. 64.5 +/- 6.5 mm; p = 0.001) and LV mass index (143.3 +/- 21.5 vs. 164.2 +/- 40.2 g/m2; p < 0.001) were observed, reflecting a positive effect on the LV remodelling process. Despite some limitations, because it is of an open-label design with a small number of @entity0 , our study found significant differences in clinical and objective parameters in @entity1 @entity0 switched from @entity4 to @entity3 . The prognostic significance of these findings remains to be investigated.

title: @entity2 inhibitors in @entity1 --switching from @entity4 to XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Although @entity2 inhibitors have demonstrated their beneficial effects in @entity1 , whether different agents may induce different benefits remains unclear. We designed an open, sequential, prospective study switching @entity1 @entity0 receiving @entity4 to @entity3 which has been reported to be longer acting and better tolerated. The objective of the study was to find out if clinical and functional status could be further improved by changing from @entity4 30 mg daily to a @entity3 4 mg daily. Assessments of clinical status, echocardiography and nuclear ventriculography were performed at baseline under @entity4 (30 mg mean dose (b.i.d.)), then 6 and 12 months after the switch to @entity3 (4 mg/day mean dose). Thirty-one @entity0 were included (90% @entity0 , aged 56.5 +/- 11.8 years, mean radionuclide left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction 22.4 +/- 8.5 %). After 6 months of treatment, NYHA functional class was significantly improved; the percentage of @entity0 in class I increased to 57% after @entity3 versus 20% at baseline (p < 0.001), and 50% of the total study population gained at least one NYHA class. After 12 months of treatment, 80% of the @entity0 were in NYHA class I. Blood pressure decreased significantly with a good tolerance at 6 months and then remained stable. After 12 months of treatment, significant reductions of LV end-diastolic diameter (61.4 +/- 5.3 vs. 64.5 +/- 6.5 mm; p = 0.001) and LV mass index (143.3 +/- 21.5 vs. 164.2 +/- 40.2 g/m2; p < 0.001) were observed, reflecting a positive effect on the LV remodelling process. Despite some limitations, because it is of an open-label design with a small number of @entity0 , our study found significant differences in clinical and objective parameters in @entity1 @entity0 switched from @entity4 to @entity3 . The prognostic significance of these findings remains to be investigated.

title: XXXX inhibitors in @entity1 --switching from @entity4 to @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Although @entity2 inhibitors have demonstrated their beneficial effects in @entity1 , whether different agents may induce different benefits remains unclear. We designed an open, sequential, prospective study switching @entity1 @entity0 receiving @entity4 to @entity3 which has been reported to be longer acting and better tolerated. The objective of the study was to find out if clinical and functional status could be further improved by changing from @entity4 30 mg daily to a @entity3 4 mg daily. Assessments of clinical status, echocardiography and nuclear ventriculography were performed at baseline under @entity4 (30 mg mean dose (b.i.d.)), then 6 and 12 months after the switch to @entity3 (4 mg/day mean dose). Thirty-one @entity0 were included (90% @entity0 , aged 56.5 +/- 11.8 years, mean radionuclide left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction 22.4 +/- 8.5 %). After 6 months of treatment, NYHA functional class was significantly improved; the percentage of @entity0 in class I increased to 57% after @entity3 versus 20% at baseline (p < 0.001), and 50% of the total study population gained at least one NYHA class. After 12 months of treatment, 80% of the @entity0 were in NYHA class I. Blood pressure decreased significantly with a good tolerance at 6 months and then remained stable. After 12 months of treatment, significant reductions of LV end-diastolic diameter (61.4 +/- 5.3 vs. 64.5 +/- 6.5 mm; p = 0.001) and LV mass index (143.3 +/- 21.5 vs. 164.2 +/- 40.2 g/m2; p < 0.001) were observed, reflecting a positive effect on the LV remodelling process. Despite some limitations, because it is of an open-label design with a small number of @entity0 , our study found significant differences in clinical and objective parameters in @entity1 @entity0 switched from @entity4 to @entity3 . The prognostic significance of these findings remains to be investigated.

title: @entity2 inhibitors in XXXX --switching from @entity4 to @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Successful use of @entity7 (PGs) for pregnancy termination was first reported by Karim and Filshie in 1970 following successful induction of abortion in 26 out of 27 @entity0 within less than 18 hours of continuous infusion of 50 mcg/minute PGF2alpha or 5 mcg/minute @entity6 . Subsequent clinical trials of @entity6 and PGF2alpha using the continuous infusion method also reported satisfactory success rates. The intravenous route at therapeutically effective doses is associated with side effects such as @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity2 , @entity1 and a local erythematous reaction at the site of venipuncture. These side effects may be minimized by using other routes of administration, such as the intrauterine route which requires considerably smaller total dosage compared to the intravenous route. The intrauterine route involves introducing the PGs via a thin @entity5 catheter between the fetal membranes and the uterine wall. The vaginal route is also used in abortion. In the only study reported so far, repeated vaginal administration of either 50 mg PGF2alpha or 20 mg @entity6 into the vaginal fornix every 2 1/2 hours resulted in abortion in all 45 @entity0 (Karim 1971). There were no side effects, abortion-interval was shorter compared to the intravenous route, and the drug was easy to administer. The intraamniotic route can terminate pregnancy with a single dose (either 25 mg PGF2alpha or 5 mg @entity6 ) or with 2 doses in some cases. The procedure of introducing PGs into the amniotic cavity is simple and does not require prior withdrawal of amniotic fluid as in cases of saline induced abortion. @entity3 and @entity4 occasionally occur in some @entity0 , but the procedure is relatively free from side effects. This method is suitable only in pregnancies of over 12 weeks' duration because of the inaccessibility of the amniotic sac before this period. PG use in early pregnancy termination is not highly recommended because of the medical personnel time required and the higher incidence of @entity8 . In 2nd trimester abortions, PGs offer clear advantages over other methods.

title: The induction of abortion with XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prognostic role of comorbidity in @entity1 ( @entity3 ) treated definitively with radiotherapy alone. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 112 @entity0 with clinical @entity1 (American Joint Commission on Cancer 1997) enrolled in four Radiation Therapy Oncology Group studies (83-11, 84-03, 84-07, and 88-08 nonchemotherapy arms) at a single institution were analyzed retrospectively for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and comorbidity. Of the 112 @entity0 , 105 (94%) completed their assigned radiotherapy. The median assigned dose was 50.4 Gy to the lymphatics (range 45-50.4 Gy) and 70.2 Gy to the @entity1 (range 60-79.2 Gy). Comorbidity was rated retrospectively using the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRS-G) and Charlson scales. Karnofsky performance scores (KPSs) and weight loss were prospectively recorded. Because only 8 @entity0 had a KPS of <70, these @entity0 were combined with @entity0 who had a KPS of 70. The @entity4 of this group was compared with that of the @entity0 with better KPSs (>70). RESULTS: The median survival was 10.39 months (range 7.87-12.91). The 2-, 3-, and 5-year @entity4 rate was 20.5%, 12.5%, and 7.1%, respectively. On univariate analysis, clinical stage (IIIA vs. IIIB) was found to be a statistically significant factor influencing @entity4 (p = 0.026), and the histologic features, grade, @entity1 size as measured on CT scans, age, @entity2 use, weight loss >or=5%, and total dose delivered to the @entity1 were not. A KPS of <or=70 (p = 0.001), the presence of a CIRS-G score of 4 (extremely severe; p = 0.0002), and a severity index of >2 (p <0.0001) were associated with statistically significant inferior @entity4 . Multivariate analysis with clinical stage, KPS, and comorbidity (severity index) of all @entity0 showed that a KPS <or=70 and severity index >2 were independently associated with inferior @entity4 ; clinical @entity1 stage was not found to be an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: KPS and comorbidity are important independent prognostic factors in @entity1 . Comorbidity should be included in protocols studying advanced stage @entity3 and used for stratification.

title: Comorbidity and Karnofksy performance score are independent prognostic factors in XXXX : an institutional analysis of @entity0 treated on four RTOG studies. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the prognostic role of comorbidity in @entity1 ( @entity3 ) treated definitively with radiotherapy alone. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total of 112 @entity0 with clinical @entity1 (American Joint Commission on Cancer 1997) enrolled in four Radiation Therapy Oncology Group studies (83-11, 84-03, 84-07, and 88-08 nonchemotherapy arms) at a single institution were analyzed retrospectively for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and comorbidity. Of the 112 @entity0 , 105 (94%) completed their assigned radiotherapy. The median assigned dose was 50.4 Gy to the lymphatics (range 45-50.4 Gy) and 70.2 Gy to the @entity1 (range 60-79.2 Gy). Comorbidity was rated retrospectively using the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics (CIRS-G) and Charlson scales. Karnofsky performance scores (KPSs) and weight loss were prospectively recorded. Because only 8 @entity0 had a KPS of <70, these @entity0 were combined with @entity0 who had a KPS of 70. The @entity4 of this group was compared with that of the @entity0 with better KPSs (>70). RESULTS: The median survival was 10.39 months (range 7.87-12.91). The 2-, 3-, and 5-year @entity4 rate was 20.5%, 12.5%, and 7.1%, respectively. On univariate analysis, clinical stage (IIIA vs. IIIB) was found to be a statistically significant factor influencing @entity4 (p = 0.026), and the histologic features, grade, @entity1 size as measured on CT scans, age, @entity2 use, weight loss >or=5%, and total dose delivered to the @entity1 were not. A KPS of <or=70 (p = 0.001), the presence of a CIRS-G score of 4 (extremely severe; p = 0.0002), and a severity index of >2 (p <0.0001) were associated with statistically significant inferior @entity4 . Multivariate analysis with clinical stage, KPS, and comorbidity (severity index) of all @entity0 showed that a KPS <or=70 and severity index >2 were independently associated with inferior @entity4 ; clinical @entity1 stage was not found to be an independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSION: KPS and comorbidity are important independent prognostic factors in @entity1 . Comorbidity should be included in protocols studying advanced stage @entity3 and used for stratification.

title: Comorbidity and Karnofksy performance score are independent prognostic factors in @entity1 : an institutional analysis of XXXX treated on four RTOG studies. Radiation Therapy Oncology Group.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity9 ( @entity14 )/ @entity12 ( @entity12 ) have confirmed their preclinical synergy in advanced @entity2 @entity0 . Chemoradiotherapy with @entity12 + @entity13 (LV) is considered the standard treatment in unresectable @entity1 @entity0 . The objective was to evaluate @entity14 with @entity12 + LV and concurrent radiotherapy in unresectable @entity1 @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="TREATMENT" NlmCategory="METHODS"> @entity14 25 mg/m(2)/day in 30-min infusions, followed by bolus LV 20 mg/m(2)/day and bolus @entity12 375 mg/m(2)/day. All drugs were given on 4 days during Weeks 1 and 5 of a standard radiotherapy cycle (50.4 Gy). A single @entity14 dose (50 mg/m(2)) was also given on the third week of radiotherapy. A cycle of @entity14 with @entity12 + LV was administered 4 weeks after chemoradiotherapy, with surgery planned 4 weeks later. RESULTS: Between March 1998 and April 2000, 22 @entity0 with T3-T4 unresectable @entity1 were accrued. @entity0 characteristics included the following: 11 females, 11 males, median age 58 (range: 18-76). @entity4 ( @entity4 ) 0: 2 @entity0 , @entity4 1: 7 @entity0 , and @entity4 2: 13 @entity0 . The following RTOG Grade 3-4 @entity3 were reported: @entity6 , 6 @entity0 ; cutaneous, 3 @entity0 ; @entity10 - @entity11 , 2 @entity0 ; and @entity8 , 1 @entity0 ; 1 treatment-related @entity5 resulted ( @entity10 - @entity7 after chemoradiotherapy). Only 1 @entity0 had neurosensory Grade 2 ( @entity14 -specific Levi's scale) @entity3 . Nine @entity0 had @entity4 worsening during treatment. Five @entity0 had chemoradiotherapy delay (median: 6 days). Of 22 @entity0 , 16 underwent surgery (without serious surgical complications); 12/16 had a complete resection (5/12 had sphincter preservation). Pathologic examination revealed 3/12 complete remissions, 2/12 minimal microscopic residual disease, 2/12 T2N0, 1/12 T3N0, and 4/12 positive nodes; 4/16 had unresectable disease. Median follow-up was 15 months (range: 3.0-43.4 months), median time to progression was 15.7 months (CI 95%, 0, 31.7), and median overall survival was 19.5 months (CI 95%, 18.0, 21). CONCLUSIONS: Outpatient treatment with low-dose, 30-min daily @entity14 infusion was feasible and very active, with acceptable @entity3 .

title: Radiochemotherapy with short daily infusion of low-dose XXXX , @entity13 , and @entity12 in T3-T4 unresectable @entity1 : a phase II IATTGI study.

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity9 ( @entity14 )/ @entity12 ( @entity12 ) have confirmed their preclinical synergy in advanced @entity2 @entity0 . Chemoradiotherapy with @entity12 + @entity13 (LV) is considered the standard treatment in unresectable @entity1 @entity0 . The objective was to evaluate @entity14 with @entity12 + LV and concurrent radiotherapy in unresectable @entity1 @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="TREATMENT" NlmCategory="METHODS"> @entity14 25 mg/m(2)/day in 30-min infusions, followed by bolus LV 20 mg/m(2)/day and bolus @entity12 375 mg/m(2)/day. All drugs were given on 4 days during Weeks 1 and 5 of a standard radiotherapy cycle (50.4 Gy). A single @entity14 dose (50 mg/m(2)) was also given on the third week of radiotherapy. A cycle of @entity14 with @entity12 + LV was administered 4 weeks after chemoradiotherapy, with surgery planned 4 weeks later. RESULTS: Between March 1998 and April 2000, 22 @entity0 with T3-T4 unresectable @entity1 were accrued. @entity0 characteristics included the following: 11 females, 11 males, median age 58 (range: 18-76). @entity4 ( @entity4 ) 0: 2 @entity0 , @entity4 1: 7 @entity0 , and @entity4 2: 13 @entity0 . The following RTOG Grade 3-4 @entity3 were reported: @entity6 , 6 @entity0 ; cutaneous, 3 @entity0 ; @entity10 - @entity11 , 2 @entity0 ; and @entity8 , 1 @entity0 ; 1 treatment-related @entity5 resulted ( @entity10 - @entity7 after chemoradiotherapy). Only 1 @entity0 had neurosensory Grade 2 ( @entity14 -specific Levi's scale) @entity3 . Nine @entity0 had @entity4 worsening during treatment. Five @entity0 had chemoradiotherapy delay (median: 6 days). Of 22 @entity0 , 16 underwent surgery (without serious surgical complications); 12/16 had a complete resection (5/12 had sphincter preservation). Pathologic examination revealed 3/12 complete remissions, 2/12 minimal microscopic residual disease, 2/12 T2N0, 1/12 T3N0, and 4/12 positive nodes; 4/16 had unresectable disease. Median follow-up was 15 months (range: 3.0-43.4 months), median time to progression was 15.7 months (CI 95%, 0, 31.7), and median overall survival was 19.5 months (CI 95%, 18.0, 21). CONCLUSIONS: Outpatient treatment with low-dose, 30-min daily @entity14 infusion was feasible and very active, with acceptable @entity3 .

title: Radiochemotherapy with short daily infusion of low-dose @entity9 , XXXX , and @entity12 in T3-T4 unresectable @entity1 : a phase II IATTGI study.

answer: @entity13


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity9 ( @entity14 )/ @entity12 ( @entity12 ) have confirmed their preclinical synergy in advanced @entity2 @entity0 . Chemoradiotherapy with @entity12 + @entity13 (LV) is considered the standard treatment in unresectable @entity1 @entity0 . The objective was to evaluate @entity14 with @entity12 + LV and concurrent radiotherapy in unresectable @entity1 @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="TREATMENT" NlmCategory="METHODS"> @entity14 25 mg/m(2)/day in 30-min infusions, followed by bolus LV 20 mg/m(2)/day and bolus @entity12 375 mg/m(2)/day. All drugs were given on 4 days during Weeks 1 and 5 of a standard radiotherapy cycle (50.4 Gy). A single @entity14 dose (50 mg/m(2)) was also given on the third week of radiotherapy. A cycle of @entity14 with @entity12 + LV was administered 4 weeks after chemoradiotherapy, with surgery planned 4 weeks later. RESULTS: Between March 1998 and April 2000, 22 @entity0 with T3-T4 unresectable @entity1 were accrued. @entity0 characteristics included the following: 11 females, 11 males, median age 58 (range: 18-76). @entity4 ( @entity4 ) 0: 2 @entity0 , @entity4 1: 7 @entity0 , and @entity4 2: 13 @entity0 . The following RTOG Grade 3-4 @entity3 were reported: @entity6 , 6 @entity0 ; cutaneous, 3 @entity0 ; @entity10 - @entity11 , 2 @entity0 ; and @entity8 , 1 @entity0 ; 1 treatment-related @entity5 resulted ( @entity10 - @entity7 after chemoradiotherapy). Only 1 @entity0 had neurosensory Grade 2 ( @entity14 -specific Levi's scale) @entity3 . Nine @entity0 had @entity4 worsening during treatment. Five @entity0 had chemoradiotherapy delay (median: 6 days). Of 22 @entity0 , 16 underwent surgery (without serious surgical complications); 12/16 had a complete resection (5/12 had sphincter preservation). Pathologic examination revealed 3/12 complete remissions, 2/12 minimal microscopic residual disease, 2/12 T2N0, 1/12 T3N0, and 4/12 positive nodes; 4/16 had unresectable disease. Median follow-up was 15 months (range: 3.0-43.4 months), median time to progression was 15.7 months (CI 95%, 0, 31.7), and median overall survival was 19.5 months (CI 95%, 18.0, 21). CONCLUSIONS: Outpatient treatment with low-dose, 30-min daily @entity14 infusion was feasible and very active, with acceptable @entity3 .

title: Radiochemotherapy with short daily infusion of low-dose @entity9 , @entity13 , and XXXX in T3-T4 unresectable @entity1 : a phase II IATTGI study.

answer: @entity12


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity9 ( @entity14 )/ @entity12 ( @entity12 ) have confirmed their preclinical synergy in advanced @entity2 @entity0 . Chemoradiotherapy with @entity12 + @entity13 (LV) is considered the standard treatment in unresectable @entity1 @entity0 . The objective was to evaluate @entity14 with @entity12 + LV and concurrent radiotherapy in unresectable @entity1 @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="TREATMENT" NlmCategory="METHODS"> @entity14 25 mg/m(2)/day in 30-min infusions, followed by bolus LV 20 mg/m(2)/day and bolus @entity12 375 mg/m(2)/day. All drugs were given on 4 days during Weeks 1 and 5 of a standard radiotherapy cycle (50.4 Gy). A single @entity14 dose (50 mg/m(2)) was also given on the third week of radiotherapy. A cycle of @entity14 with @entity12 + LV was administered 4 weeks after chemoradiotherapy, with surgery planned 4 weeks later. RESULTS: Between March 1998 and April 2000, 22 @entity0 with T3-T4 unresectable @entity1 were accrued. @entity0 characteristics included the following: 11 females, 11 males, median age 58 (range: 18-76). @entity4 ( @entity4 ) 0: 2 @entity0 , @entity4 1: 7 @entity0 , and @entity4 2: 13 @entity0 . The following RTOG Grade 3-4 @entity3 were reported: @entity6 , 6 @entity0 ; cutaneous, 3 @entity0 ; @entity10 - @entity11 , 2 @entity0 ; and @entity8 , 1 @entity0 ; 1 treatment-related @entity5 resulted ( @entity10 - @entity7 after chemoradiotherapy). Only 1 @entity0 had neurosensory Grade 2 ( @entity14 -specific Levi's scale) @entity3 . Nine @entity0 had @entity4 worsening during treatment. Five @entity0 had chemoradiotherapy delay (median: 6 days). Of 22 @entity0 , 16 underwent surgery (without serious surgical complications); 12/16 had a complete resection (5/12 had sphincter preservation). Pathologic examination revealed 3/12 complete remissions, 2/12 minimal microscopic residual disease, 2/12 T2N0, 1/12 T3N0, and 4/12 positive nodes; 4/16 had unresectable disease. Median follow-up was 15 months (range: 3.0-43.4 months), median time to progression was 15.7 months (CI 95%, 0, 31.7), and median overall survival was 19.5 months (CI 95%, 18.0, 21). CONCLUSIONS: Outpatient treatment with low-dose, 30-min daily @entity14 infusion was feasible and very active, with acceptable @entity3 .

title: Radiochemotherapy with short daily infusion of low-dose @entity9 , @entity13 , and @entity12 in T3-T4 unresectable XXXX : a phase II IATTGI study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the intravenous urogram used in an appropriate setting is a valuable investigation for managing severe @entity1 in pregnancy. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SETTING: University teaching hospital. POPULATION: Fifteen pregnant @entity0 referred with severe @entity1 . METHODS: A prospective study collecting data over a 24-month period was performed. @entity0 with severe @entity1 believed to be of renal origin that had failed to respond to conservative treatment were referred by their obstetricians. The intravenous urogram was performed that consisted of a two-film series (plain film and a 20-minute postmicturition film). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Management of severe @entity1 in pregnancy based on the findings of the intravenous urogram. RESULTS: Over the two-year period, 15 @entity0 had an intravenous urogram performed at a median gestation of 32 weeks (24-36 weeks). All @entity0 had undergone a prior urinary tract ultrasound examination within 24 hours of referral, which showed dilatation on the symptomatic side in 15/15 cases. The intravenous urogram confirmed dilatation on the ipsilateral side in 14/15 cases and revealed the level of dilatation in all of these cases. Delayed excretion of contrast was seen in all 14/15 cases. Three @entity0 had obstructing ureteric calculi revealed by the intravenous urogram and one @entity0 had a non-dilated and non-obstructed system. CONCLUSIONS: An intravenous urogram is a safe investigation in the appropriate setting. It allows for an accurate diagnosis to be made and for appropriate treatment to be instigated with joint decisions from urologic, obstetric and radiologic teams. This multidisciplinary approach care can be specifically tailored to the individual @entity0 , which we feel is safer for both mother and baby.

title: Managing severe XXXX in pregnancy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: All eukaryotic organisms have mechanisms to adapt to changing metabolic conditions. The @entity0 cell survival gene @entity5 enables cells to adapt to changes in cellular metabolism. To identify genes whose function can be substituted by @entity5 in a unicellular eukaryote, a genetic screen was performed using the @entity1 @entity1 . @entity1 grows by anaerobic glycolysis when @entity2 is available, switching to oxidative phosphorylation when @entity4 in the media becomes limiting (diauxic shift). Given that @entity5 appears to facilitate the switch from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism in @entity0 cells, a library of @entity1 mutants was tested for the ability to efficiently undergo diauxic shift in the presence and absence of @entity5 . Several mutants were identified that have a defect in growth when switched from a fermentable to a nonfermentable @entity3 source that is corrected by the expression of @entity5 . These genes include the mitochondrial chaperonin TCM62, as well as previously uncharacterized genes. One of these uncharacterized genes, SVF1, promotes cell survival in @entity0 cells in response to multiple apoptotic stimuli. The finding that TCM62 and the analogous @entity0 @entity6 gene also inhibit @entity0 cell death following growth factor withdrawal implicates mitochondrial chaperones as regulators of apoptosis. Further characterization of the genes identified in this screen may enhance our understanding of @entity5 function in @entity0 cells, and of cell survival pathways in general.

title: XXXX complements @entity1 genes that facilitate the switch from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism.

answer: @entity5


abstract: All eukaryotic organisms have mechanisms to adapt to changing metabolic conditions. The @entity0 cell survival gene @entity5 enables cells to adapt to changes in cellular metabolism. To identify genes whose function can be substituted by @entity5 in a unicellular eukaryote, a genetic screen was performed using the @entity1 @entity1 . @entity1 grows by anaerobic glycolysis when @entity2 is available, switching to oxidative phosphorylation when @entity4 in the media becomes limiting (diauxic shift). Given that @entity5 appears to facilitate the switch from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism in @entity0 cells, a library of @entity1 mutants was tested for the ability to efficiently undergo diauxic shift in the presence and absence of @entity5 . Several mutants were identified that have a defect in growth when switched from a fermentable to a nonfermentable @entity3 source that is corrected by the expression of @entity5 . These genes include the mitochondrial chaperonin TCM62, as well as previously uncharacterized genes. One of these uncharacterized genes, SVF1, promotes cell survival in @entity0 cells in response to multiple apoptotic stimuli. The finding that TCM62 and the analogous @entity0 @entity6 gene also inhibit @entity0 cell death following growth factor withdrawal implicates mitochondrial chaperones as regulators of apoptosis. Further characterization of the genes identified in this screen may enhance our understanding of @entity5 function in @entity0 cells, and of cell survival pathways in general.

title: @entity5 complements XXXX genes that facilitate the switch from glycolytic to oxidative metabolism.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: On December 26, 2002, 124 dinners took ill while eating lunch at a seafood restaurant in the town of Chiching in Kaohsiung municipality of Taiwan. Sixty-nine @entity0 were sent to the emergency departments of the Municipal Chiching Hospital and Yuan's General Hospital. METHODS: We analyzed the clinical symptoms, detailed food history, and ingested amount of each food from 59 hospitalized adult @entity0 and identified the source of the outbreak. RESULTS: The median latency period from beginning eating to first symptoms was 5 min. Twenty-six symptoms and signs were recorded. The most commonly reported clinical effects were general weakness (84%), @entity10 (82%), @entity8 (82%), @entity5 (80%), sweating (75%), floating sensation (71%), @entity1 (69%), @entity9 (69%), and @entity3 (67%). Thirty-one @entity0 had residual symptoms 7 days after ingestion. Of the six residual symptoms reported, the most frequent ones were @entity8 (40%), poor appetite and @entity11 (11%), and @entity4 (11%). The presence of residual symptoms correlated with the severity of the initial complaints (p < 0.01). Almost all @entity0 ate cooked @entity7 (93%) and leaf vegetable stir-fried with crab claw (93%). The amount of each food eaten by the @entity0 was not associated with the severity of symptoms (p > 0.05). High levels of @entity13 in leaf vegetables of "leaf vegetables stir-fried with crab claws" (380 ppm) and fried mussels (1113 ppm) were found by the Food Inspection Center at the Department of Health. The food history and chemical analysis of the poison indicated @entity13 was the cause of this outbreak. Twenty-four @entity0 recovered completely within 7 days. CONCLUSION: Food-related @entity13 intoxication produced a rapid onset of significant clinical @entity2 in 124 individuals. Based on the analysis of 55 adult @entity0 , the most common effects were @entity12 , @entity8 , generalized @entity6 .

title: An outbreak of food-borne illness due to XXXX contamination.

answer: @entity13


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is a hypnosedative structurally unrelated to the @entity3 but operating at the same receptor complex. Although @entity6 has been used in clinical practice for many years, relatively little is known of its relative @entity1 in comparison with other hypnosedatives. METHOD: Deaths, where hypnosedatives were implicated, in New Zealand (NZ) in 2001 were identified from a @entity0 database. Prescription and aggregate @entity5 ( @entity5 ) data forNZ in 2001 were obtained from a national prescribing database. Rates of @entity2 per prescription and @entity5 , and relative rates between individual hypnosedatives and @entity3 , and their respective 95% CI were calculated. RESULTS: Of the 200 @entity2 in NZ for 2001, 39 involved hypnosedatives, and @entity6 was involved in 12. Hypnosedatives were the sole agents in only one @entity2 and were the primary agents in eight deaths. @entity6 was the sixth most commonly involved agent in @entity2 in NZ in 2001. The relative rate of @entity2 per prescription (95% CI) and @entity5 (95% CI) of @entity6 compared with @entity3 were 1.04 (0.49-2.05) and 0.59 (0.28-1.16), respectively. The relative rates of @entity2 per @entity5 (95% CI) for @entity4 and @entity7 compared with the other sedatives/anxiolytics were 6.2 (1.6-17.0) and 20.9 (2.5-79.8) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The fatal @entity1 for @entity6 was not significantly different from that for @entity3 as a group when adjusted for usage, whereas @entity4 and @entity7 had greater @entity1 . Hypnosedatives are contributory factors rather than primary substances in @entity2 .

title: Comparison of the fatal XXXX index of @entity6 with @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is a hypnosedative structurally unrelated to the @entity3 but operating at the same receptor complex. Although @entity6 has been used in clinical practice for many years, relatively little is known of its relative @entity1 in comparison with other hypnosedatives. METHOD: Deaths, where hypnosedatives were implicated, in New Zealand (NZ) in 2001 were identified from a @entity0 database. Prescription and aggregate @entity5 ( @entity5 ) data forNZ in 2001 were obtained from a national prescribing database. Rates of @entity2 per prescription and @entity5 , and relative rates between individual hypnosedatives and @entity3 , and their respective 95% CI were calculated. RESULTS: Of the 200 @entity2 in NZ for 2001, 39 involved hypnosedatives, and @entity6 was involved in 12. Hypnosedatives were the sole agents in only one @entity2 and were the primary agents in eight deaths. @entity6 was the sixth most commonly involved agent in @entity2 in NZ in 2001. The relative rate of @entity2 per prescription (95% CI) and @entity5 (95% CI) of @entity6 compared with @entity3 were 1.04 (0.49-2.05) and 0.59 (0.28-1.16), respectively. The relative rates of @entity2 per @entity5 (95% CI) for @entity4 and @entity7 compared with the other sedatives/anxiolytics were 6.2 (1.6-17.0) and 20.9 (2.5-79.8) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The fatal @entity1 for @entity6 was not significantly different from that for @entity3 as a group when adjusted for usage, whereas @entity4 and @entity7 had greater @entity1 . Hypnosedatives are contributory factors rather than primary substances in @entity2 .

title: Comparison of the fatal @entity1 index of XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is a hypnosedative structurally unrelated to the @entity3 but operating at the same receptor complex. Although @entity6 has been used in clinical practice for many years, relatively little is known of its relative @entity1 in comparison with other hypnosedatives. METHOD: Deaths, where hypnosedatives were implicated, in New Zealand (NZ) in 2001 were identified from a @entity0 database. Prescription and aggregate @entity5 ( @entity5 ) data forNZ in 2001 were obtained from a national prescribing database. Rates of @entity2 per prescription and @entity5 , and relative rates between individual hypnosedatives and @entity3 , and their respective 95% CI were calculated. RESULTS: Of the 200 @entity2 in NZ for 2001, 39 involved hypnosedatives, and @entity6 was involved in 12. Hypnosedatives were the sole agents in only one @entity2 and were the primary agents in eight deaths. @entity6 was the sixth most commonly involved agent in @entity2 in NZ in 2001. The relative rate of @entity2 per prescription (95% CI) and @entity5 (95% CI) of @entity6 compared with @entity3 were 1.04 (0.49-2.05) and 0.59 (0.28-1.16), respectively. The relative rates of @entity2 per @entity5 (95% CI) for @entity4 and @entity7 compared with the other sedatives/anxiolytics were 6.2 (1.6-17.0) and 20.9 (2.5-79.8) respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The fatal @entity1 for @entity6 was not significantly different from that for @entity3 as a group when adjusted for usage, whereas @entity4 and @entity7 had greater @entity1 . Hypnosedatives are contributory factors rather than primary substances in @entity2 .

title: Comparison of the fatal @entity1 index of @entity6 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 are driven at their base by a rotary motor fueled by the membrane gradient of protons or @entity2 ions. The stator of the flagellar motor is formed from the membrane proteins MotA and MotB, which function together to conduct ions across the membrane and couple ion flow to rotation. An invariant @entity0 residue in MotB ( @entity4 32 in the protein of @entity1 ) is essential for rotation and appears to have a direct role in proton conduction. A recent study showed that changes at Asp32 in MotB cause a conformational change in the complex, as evidenced by altered patterns of protease susceptibility of MotA [Kojima, S., and Blair, D. F. (2001) Biochemistry 40 (43), 13041-13050]. It was proposed that protonation/deprotonation of @entity4 32 might regulate a conformational change in the stator that acts as the powerstroke to drive rotation of the rotor. Biochemical studies of the MotA/MotB complex have been hampered by the absence of a suitable assay for its integrity in detergent solution. Here, we have studied the behavior of the MotA/MotB complex in a variety of detergents, making use of the protease-susceptibility assay to monitor its integrity. Among about 25 detergents tested, a few were found to solubilize the proteins effectively while preserving certain conformational properties characteristic of an intact complex. The detergent @entity6 , or DPC, proved especially effective. MotA/MotB complexes purified in DPC migrate with an apparent size of approximately 300 kDa in gel-filtration columns, and retain the @entity4 32-modulated conformational differences seen in membranes. @entity5 -radiolabeling showed that MotA and MotB are present in a 2:1 ratio in the complex. Purified MotA/MotB complexes should enable in vitro study of the proton-induced conformational change and other aspects of stator function.

title: Solubilization and purification of the MotA/MotB complex of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity12 and @entity15 appeared quite suddenly as the first manifestations of @entity16 ( @entity16 ) in five of our @entity0 previously regarded as healthy @entity0 (although an interview showed that 2-4 weeks prior to the illness the @entity0 complained of several non-specific symptoms, such as @entity9 , @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity8 or behavioural changes). All the @entity0 were young @entity0 (17-23 years), none of them had any history of @entity7 . They were admitted with icterus, @entity5 , @entity6 and symptoms of increasing haemolysis. The diagnosis of @entity16 was given as disturbed @entity13 metabolism. After a short period of observation ascites and @entity1 occurred, @entity10 and other symptoms of @entity14 increased. Levels of clotting factors decreased rapidly. Despite treatment with @entity17 , plasmapheresis, and symptomatic drugs, three of the @entity0 died in irreversible liver @entity11 , due to the unavailability of liver transplantation. The fourth @entity0 was carried to the Transplantation Centre, due to aggravation of the symptoms of @entity14 , where liver transplantation was performed. Histopathologically micronodular @entity3 was shown in all these cases. The fifth @entity0 survived having undergone the above treatment without liver transplantation. The main differences between the @entity0 who survived and those who died or underwent transplantation were relatively higher activity of alkaline phosphatase (26 U/l vs. 10-20 U/l), slightly higher levels of clotting factors and prothrombin time, which never fall below 68% of the control (versus 14-44% in other @entity0 ). Only in the surviving @entity0 was the @entity18 present. In four of our @entity0 we found family members who were carriers of @entity16 .

title: Acute @entity15 and @entity14 as the first manifestations of XXXX .

answer: @entity16


abstract: @entity12 and @entity15 appeared quite suddenly as the first manifestations of @entity16 ( @entity16 ) in five of our @entity0 previously regarded as healthy @entity0 (although an interview showed that 2-4 weeks prior to the illness the @entity0 complained of several non-specific symptoms, such as @entity9 , @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity8 or behavioural changes). All the @entity0 were young @entity0 (17-23 years), none of them had any history of @entity7 . They were admitted with icterus, @entity5 , @entity6 and symptoms of increasing haemolysis. The diagnosis of @entity16 was given as disturbed @entity13 metabolism. After a short period of observation ascites and @entity1 occurred, @entity10 and other symptoms of @entity14 increased. Levels of clotting factors decreased rapidly. Despite treatment with @entity17 , plasmapheresis, and symptomatic drugs, three of the @entity0 died in irreversible liver @entity11 , due to the unavailability of liver transplantation. The fourth @entity0 was carried to the Transplantation Centre, due to aggravation of the symptoms of @entity14 , where liver transplantation was performed. Histopathologically micronodular @entity3 was shown in all these cases. The fifth @entity0 survived having undergone the above treatment without liver transplantation. The main differences between the @entity0 who survived and those who died or underwent transplantation were relatively higher activity of alkaline phosphatase (26 U/l vs. 10-20 U/l), slightly higher levels of clotting factors and prothrombin time, which never fall below 68% of the control (versus 14-44% in other @entity0 ). Only in the surviving @entity0 was the @entity18 present. In four of our @entity0 we found family members who were carriers of @entity16 .

title: Acute XXXX and @entity14 as the first manifestations of @entity16 .

answer: @entity15


abstract: @entity12 and @entity15 appeared quite suddenly as the first manifestations of @entity16 ( @entity16 ) in five of our @entity0 previously regarded as healthy @entity0 (although an interview showed that 2-4 weeks prior to the illness the @entity0 complained of several non-specific symptoms, such as @entity9 , @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity8 or behavioural changes). All the @entity0 were young @entity0 (17-23 years), none of them had any history of @entity7 . They were admitted with icterus, @entity5 , @entity6 and symptoms of increasing haemolysis. The diagnosis of @entity16 was given as disturbed @entity13 metabolism. After a short period of observation ascites and @entity1 occurred, @entity10 and other symptoms of @entity14 increased. Levels of clotting factors decreased rapidly. Despite treatment with @entity17 , plasmapheresis, and symptomatic drugs, three of the @entity0 died in irreversible liver @entity11 , due to the unavailability of liver transplantation. The fourth @entity0 was carried to the Transplantation Centre, due to aggravation of the symptoms of @entity14 , where liver transplantation was performed. Histopathologically micronodular @entity3 was shown in all these cases. The fifth @entity0 survived having undergone the above treatment without liver transplantation. The main differences between the @entity0 who survived and those who died or underwent transplantation were relatively higher activity of alkaline phosphatase (26 U/l vs. 10-20 U/l), slightly higher levels of clotting factors and prothrombin time, which never fall below 68% of the control (versus 14-44% in other @entity0 ). Only in the surviving @entity0 was the @entity18 present. In four of our @entity0 we found family members who were carriers of @entity16 .

title: Acute @entity15 and XXXX as the first manifestations of @entity16 .

answer: @entity14


abstract: Many hormones, growth factors, and cytokines regulate proliferation of their target cells. Perhaps the most universal signaling cascades required for proliferative responses are those initiated by transient rises in intracellular @entity4 ( @entity2 ). The major intracellular receptor for @entity2 is calmodulin (CaM). CaM is a small protein that contains four EF-hand @entity2 binding sites and is highly conserved among eukaryotes. In all organisms in which the CaM gene has been deleted, it is essential. Although @entity2 /CaM is required for proliferation in both unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes, the essential targets of @entity2 /CaM-dependent pathways required for cell proliferation remain elusive. Potential @entity2 /CaM-dependent targets include the @entity5 / @entity6 phosphatase calcineurin and the family of multifunctional @entity2 /CaM-dependent protein kinases. Whereas these enzymes are essential in @entity7 , they are not required under normal growth conditions in @entity3 . However, in @entity0 cells, studies demonstrate that both types of enzymes contribute to the regulation of cell cycle progression. Unfortunately, the mechanism by which @entity2 /CaM and its downstream targets, particularly calcineurin and the @entity2 /CaM-dependent protein kinases, regulate key cell cycle-regulatory proteins, remains enigmatic. By understanding how @entity2 /CaM regulates cell cycle progression in normal @entity0 cells, we may gain insight into how hormones control cell division and how @entity1 cells subvert the need for @entity2 and its downstream targets to proliferate.

title: Regulation of cell cycle progression by XXXX /calmodulin-dependent pathways.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 is associated epidemiologically with @entity5 and @entity4 . We previously found that atherogenic lipids regulate bone formation. To determine whether @entity4 also affects bone resorption, we compared osteoclastogenesis in marrow preosteoclasts derived from hyperlipidemic versus control @entity1 . METHODS: Nonadherent marrow cells from @entity6 ( @entity6 -/-)and C57BL/6J @entity1 were cultured with M-CSF and ligand for receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ( @entity8 ). Functional @entity7 activity, measured as number of resorption pits, was significantly greater in 12-month-old @entity6 -/-. Similar results were obtained in 5- and 10-month-old @entity6 -/- versus C57BL/6J @entity1 on a high-fat diet. Osteoclastic differentiation, indicated by @entity10 ( @entity10 ) activity, was significantly greater in the 12-month-old @entity6 -/-, and there was a trend toward increased @entity10 activity in @entity6 -/- on a high-fat diet, at ages 5 and 10 months. Osteoclastic parameters correlated with total serum lipoproteins with a possible threshold effect. Osteoporotic @entity0 cortical bone stained positive for lipids in the perivascular space of Haversian canals by oil red O. The presence of lipid @entity9 was detected in bone marrow from hyperlipidemic @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 may contribute to @entity3 via @entity2 .

title: @entity4 promotes XXXX potential of bone marrow cells ex vivo.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 is associated epidemiologically with @entity5 and @entity4 . We previously found that atherogenic lipids regulate bone formation. To determine whether @entity4 also affects bone resorption, we compared osteoclastogenesis in marrow preosteoclasts derived from hyperlipidemic versus control @entity1 . METHODS: Nonadherent marrow cells from @entity6 ( @entity6 -/-)and C57BL/6J @entity1 were cultured with M-CSF and ligand for receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ( @entity8 ). Functional @entity7 activity, measured as number of resorption pits, was significantly greater in 12-month-old @entity6 -/-. Similar results were obtained in 5- and 10-month-old @entity6 -/- versus C57BL/6J @entity1 on a high-fat diet. Osteoclastic differentiation, indicated by @entity10 ( @entity10 ) activity, was significantly greater in the 12-month-old @entity6 -/-, and there was a trend toward increased @entity10 activity in @entity6 -/- on a high-fat diet, at ages 5 and 10 months. Osteoclastic parameters correlated with total serum lipoproteins with a possible threshold effect. Osteoporotic @entity0 cortical bone stained positive for lipids in the perivascular space of Haversian canals by oil red O. The presence of lipid @entity9 was detected in bone marrow from hyperlipidemic @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 may contribute to @entity3 via @entity2 .

title: XXXX promotes @entity7 potential of bone marrow cells ex vivo.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Poststroke @entity6 (PSH) is a frequent finding for which there is currently no evidence to justify routine treatment. The United Kingdom @entity2 @entity4 in @entity1 Trial (GIST-UK) is the only trial of @entity2 modulation in @entity1 from which evidence can be derived for the immediate management of PSH. Using safety-monitoring data from the trial we aimed to describe the immediate recovery of PSH in treated and control @entity0 , thus providing evidence for the use of @entity2 / @entity3 / @entity4 (GKI) infusions as a means of maintaining euglycemia. METHODS: GIST-UK is a multicenter randomized controlled trial of GKI or saline infusions in @entity1 @entity0 presenting with mild to moderate @entity6 (admission plasma @entity2 , 6.0 to 17 mmol). We analyzed the capillary BM and plasma @entity2 values in the 2 treatment groups to describe the recovery of PSH and the effectiveness of the GIST treatment regimen in maintaining euglycemia. RESULTS: The majority of @entity0 have only moderate PSH (mean plasma @entity2 , 8.37+/-SD 2.13). Without specific intervention, mean plasma @entity2 levels decline spontaneously. Treatment with the GIST GKI regimen rapidly achieved euglycemia at significantly lower levels than with saline hydration alone. Euglycemia was achieved with a median of 2 changes to the GKI regimen and a low risk of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: GKI infusions as described in the GIST trial are a safe and effective means of correcting PSH and maintaining euglycemia in the acute phase of @entity1 . The clinical benefits of routine management of @entity6 remain to be determined.

title: Poststroke XXXX : natural history and immediate management.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity3 peroxidase (GPx) is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes in @entity0 . We studied the relationship between erythrocyte GPx activity and fasting serum insulin, plasma @entity1 , and @entity4 , estimates of insulin resistance from the homeostasis model of assessment as well as dietary fat intake in 408 normotensive nondiabetic pregnant @entity0 from Camden, NJ. GPx activity and the metabolic parameters were determined at entry to care (16 wk of pregnancy) and during the third trimester. GPx activity and the levels of insulin resistance increased significantly between entry and the third trimester. Statistically significant associations, all positive, were observed between GPx activity and fasting insulin (beta = 0.009, P < 0.001), @entity1 (beta = 0.975, P < 0.05), @entity4 (beta = 1.537, P < 0.01), and insulin resistance from the homeostasis model of assessment (beta = 0.209, P < 0.01). Dietary intakes of fat and @entity2 were positively correlated with GPx activity as well. African Americans had significantly higher GPx activity, dietary fat, and @entity5 intake than Hispanics and Caucasians. In conclusion, we demonstrated that normal pregnancy is associated with increased GPx activity and insulin resistance. There are ethnic differences in antioxidant response and dietary fat intake. Our findings suggest a potential link among antioxidant defenses, insulin resistance, and dietary fat intake.

title: Association of XXXX peroxidase activity with insulin resistance and dietary fat intake during normal pregnancy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 comprise a diverse group of conditions that usually compromise both linear growth and body proportions. It is of theoretical interest to evaluate the effect of @entity3 treatment on linear growth, body proportion and final height in the different @entity2 . Reported experience of @entity3 treatment in short @entity0 with @entity2 is sparse and often limited to short treatment periods and knowledge of its effects on final height and body proportion is generally lacking. Formal studies are almost all @entity4 as the most common entity. First-year response is typically a 2-3 cm increase in growth velocity in prepubertal @entity0 , or a gain of about 0.5 @entity1 or less in relative height from a baseline level of -4 to -5 @entity1 . @entity3 treatment for up to 5 years in achondroplasia can produce a total height gain of about 1 @entity1 . Apart from achondroplasia, treatment of @entity5 and @entity6 with @entity3 has been reported in a small number of @entity0 . Long-term data are, however, lacking. Of theoretical interest is that in many syndromic or non-syndromic short-statured @entity0 body proportion, i.e. trunk to leg length ratio, does not seem to be dependent on the degree of @entity3 sufficiency and does not seem to be changed by @entity3 treatment. @entity3 treatment, at least in the prepubertal period, does seem to influence degree of disproportion.

title: XXXX , growth hormone treatment and body proportion: comparison with other syndromic and non-syndromic short @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 comprise a diverse group of conditions that usually compromise both linear growth and body proportions. It is of theoretical interest to evaluate the effect of @entity3 treatment on linear growth, body proportion and final height in the different @entity2 . Reported experience of @entity3 treatment in short @entity0 with @entity2 is sparse and often limited to short treatment periods and knowledge of its effects on final height and body proportion is generally lacking. Formal studies are almost all @entity4 as the most common entity. First-year response is typically a 2-3 cm increase in growth velocity in prepubertal @entity0 , or a gain of about 0.5 @entity1 or less in relative height from a baseline level of -4 to -5 @entity1 . @entity3 treatment for up to 5 years in achondroplasia can produce a total height gain of about 1 @entity1 . Apart from achondroplasia, treatment of @entity5 and @entity6 with @entity3 has been reported in a small number of @entity0 . Long-term data are, however, lacking. Of theoretical interest is that in many syndromic or non-syndromic short-statured @entity0 body proportion, i.e. trunk to leg length ratio, does not seem to be dependent on the degree of @entity3 sufficiency and does not seem to be changed by @entity3 treatment. @entity3 treatment, at least in the prepubertal period, does seem to influence degree of disproportion.

title: @entity2 , growth hormone treatment and body proportion: comparison with other syndromic and non-syndromic short XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Among the @entity10 -associated risk factor, which can be influenced today, @entity5 is considered most relevant because it induces functional and organic alterations of cardiac/circulatory function. Research concerning influence of the @entity5 on the pulmonary hemodynamic and cardiac output (CO) in pre-uremic @entity0 are not available up to now. Cardiac and circulatory function of 52 @entity0 were examined before initiation of dialysis therapy using a Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter. After excluding @entity0 with impaired cardiac pump function the results of 31 of the 52 @entity0 could be analyzed. They were divided into two groups (Hb > resp. < 7.0 g/dl): in @entity0 with severe @entity5 (Hb 5.7 +/- 0.6 g/dl; n = 7) cardiac index was higher (4.8 +/- 0.4 1/min/m2 < 0.01) compared with the other group (Hb 9.8 +/- 1.7 g/dl; n = 24; CI 3.9 +/- 1.1 1min/m2). The increase of cardiac index caused by @entity5 correlated with increased @entity2 volume and heart rate and lowered pulmonary and peripheral resistance. @entity0 with severe @entity5 showed a tendency to an impaired cardiac index below Hb < 5-6 g/dl. The hypercirculation did not cause an increase of the pulmonary arterial and pulmonary wedge pressure. Particularly in the case of already existing @entity4 and @entity6 the presence of @entity5 and @entity3 leads to a highly increased morbidity and mortality. This " @entity1 " is responsible for frequent @entity9 . Disturbances of cardiac/circulatory function are observed in pre-uremic @entity0 three times more frequently than in @entity0 after @entity8 . Early correction of @entity5 seems to reduce the risk of @entity7 and to improve the quality of life and the prognosis of pre-uremic @entity0 .

title: XXXX and its hemodynamic response--findings invasively determined over a period of 20 years.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The authors reviewed a series of 110 surgical specimens of primary @entity6 from the Department of Pathology at the Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona Medical School, between 1987 and 1997. The sample included 25 @entity5 , 60 @entity4 , 14 @entity3 , and 11 @entity1 . Electron microscopic subcellular characteristics of the @entity0 cells were studied to define the squamous, adenoid, or neuroendocrine differentiation in each @entity1 . An immunohistochemical study for @entity8 was performed in 96 cases. In 71 cases (65%) the author found a single ultrastructural differentiation, and in 30 cases (27%) ultrastructural differentiation was double: 25 adenosquamous and 5 adeno-neuroendocrine. In 3 cases a triple adeno- @entity7 was found. There were no cases of @entity7 . In 6 cases no differentiation of any kind could be found. @entity8 overexpression was found in 58% of all @entity1 . The positive expression rates in @entity5 and @entity4 were 72% and 62%, respectively. In purely adenoid-differentiated @entity1 there was a strong association between high @entity8 overexpression and differentiation (p=.006). In @entity2 the positivity rate was 70%; all were heavy expressers, compared with 25% of heavy expressers in @entity4 as a whole (p<.005). In purely squamous @entity1 differentiated ultrastructurally no relationship was found between high @entity8 expression and degree of differentiation (p=.08). @entity0 are morphologically and molecularly heterogeneous, and certain molecular alterations are related to specific subcellular characteristics.

title: Ultrastructural and molecular heterogeneity in XXXX : study of 110 cases and review of the literature.

answer: @entity6


abstract: As part of a study of virulence gene regulation in @entity1 , we have identified a gene encoding a homologue of the staphylococcal catabolite control protein CcpA in the pneumococcal genome sequence. The pneumococcal protein, designated RegM, has significant similarity to members of the LacI/GalR family of @entity7 . @entity12 derivatives with insertion-duplication or deletion mutations in regM were significantly attenuated in virulence with respect to the wild-type strain. In defined media containing either @entity4 or @entity5 as sole @entity3 sources, the in vitro growth rates of @entity12 and the regM mutants were essentially the same. However, in the presence of @entity9 the regM mutants grew significantly faster than the wild-type strain, whereas growth rates were significantly lower in the presence of @entity2 or @entity11 . These data are consistent with the involvement of regM in the catabolism of @entity8 in @entity6 . RegM was a repressor of both @entity10 activities in @entity6 , but unlike the situation in certain other bacteria, it does not mediate the repression of these enzymes by @entity2 . The observed attenuation in virulence was not attributable to poorer growth of the regM mutants in @entity0 blood ex vivo, but nevertheless, the mutants were rapidly cleared from the blood of infected @entity0 in vivo. The regM mutation had no apparent impact on expression of several confirmed pneumococcal virulence proteins, but studies employing a lacZ transcriptional fusion construct indicated that mutation of regM resulted in a significant reduction in transcription of the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis locus (cps). Thus, regM is the first gene outside of the cps locus to be implicated in regulation of capsular gene expression.

title: Role of RegM, a homologue of the catabolite repressor protein CcpA, in the virulence of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The immunosuppressive drug @entity3 ( @entity4 ) reduces expression of the @entity6 and thereby prevents attachment of alloactivated leukocytes to donor endothelium. The authors speculated that @entity4 might further diminish receptors of the immunoglobulin superfamily which, however, act as homophilic binding elements. Because decrease of homophilic adhesion receptors correlates with @entity1 dissemination and @entity0 , @entity4 could trigger development or recurrence of @entity1 . METHODS: The authors analyzed the influence of @entity4 on homotypic adhesion receptors and its consequence for @entity1 cell attachment to an endothelial cell monolayer. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) cells, which self-aggregate by means of the homophilic-binding element @entity5 ( @entity5 ), were used. Effects of @entity4 on the 140- and 180-kDa @entity5 isoforms were investigated quantitatively by flow cytometry, Western blot, and reverse-transcriptase (RT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The relevance of @entity5 for @entity1 cell binding was proven by treating @entity2 with @entity5 antisense oligonucleotides. RESULTS: @entity4 profoundly increased the number of adherent @entity2 cells, with a maximum effect at 0.1 microM, compared with controls. Decrease of @entity5 on the cell surface was detected by flow cytometry. Western blot and RT-PCR demonstrated reduced protein and RNA levels of the 140- and 180-kDa isoforms. Treatment of @entity2 cells with @entity5 antisense oligonucleotides showed that reduced @entity5 expression leads to enhanced @entity1 cell adhesion. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 decreases @entity5 receptors, which is associated with enhanced @entity1 cell invasiveness. The authors conclude that an @entity4 -based immunosuppressive regimen might increase the risk of @entity1 @entity0 if this process is predominantly conveyed by means of homophilic adhesion proteins.

title: Mycophenolate mofetil increases adhesion capacity of XXXX cells in vitro.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity8 Effectiveness on Left ventricular MAss Reduction (TELMAR) trial will assess the effect of the angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blocker, @entity8 , on @entity7 ( @entity7 ) compared with the b-blocker, @entity5 , at similar antihypertensive doses. The rationale is that antihypertensives reduce @entity7 , a cardiac adaptation to pressure overload, principally by pressure-related effects. Ang II plays a key role in pressure-independent mechanisms causing @entity7 , and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) inhibitors induce more pronounced @entity7 regression than some other antihypertensives. Blocking Ang II Type 1 receptors may be more effective than @entity4 inhibition in reducing @entity7 . TELMAR is a prospective, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group trial. A total of 140 @entity0 (age 18 80 years) with uncontrolled essential @entity1 (mean daytime systolic blood pressure [SBP] >140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] >90 mmHg and/or night-time SBP >120 mmHg or DBP >70 mmHg, measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring [ABPM]) and left ventricular mass index related to height (LVMI) >0.8 g/cm for females, >1.1 g/cm for males (defined by magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) will be randomised to once-daily @entity8 or @entity5 . The @entity8 dose will be 40 mg for the first two weeks, 80 mg for 5.5 months and 40 mg for the last two weeks. @entity5 will be given at a dose of 47.5 mg for two weeks, 95 mg for 5.5 months and 47.5 mg for two weeks. Concomitant add-on medication with @entity2 and @entity6 will be allowed. The primary endpoint is the percentage change in LVMI at treatment end versus baseline, using MRI. Secondary variables include blood pressure changes and response rates assessed by ABPM and manual cuff sphygmomanometry, and end-systolic wall stress, systolic @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and diastolic @entity3 determined by MRI. A separate study was performed prior to the main trial to define the normal range of MRI data in an age-matched population.

title: Reduction (TELMAR) as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in @entity0 with mild-to-moderate @entity1 --a prospective, randomised, double-blind comparison of XXXX with @entity5 over a period of six months rationale and study design.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The @entity8 Effectiveness on Left ventricular MAss Reduction (TELMAR) trial will assess the effect of the angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blocker, @entity8 , on @entity7 ( @entity7 ) compared with the b-blocker, @entity5 , at similar antihypertensive doses. The rationale is that antihypertensives reduce @entity7 , a cardiac adaptation to pressure overload, principally by pressure-related effects. Ang II plays a key role in pressure-independent mechanisms causing @entity7 , and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) inhibitors induce more pronounced @entity7 regression than some other antihypertensives. Blocking Ang II Type 1 receptors may be more effective than @entity4 inhibition in reducing @entity7 . TELMAR is a prospective, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group trial. A total of 140 @entity0 (age 18 80 years) with uncontrolled essential @entity1 (mean daytime systolic blood pressure [SBP] >140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] >90 mmHg and/or night-time SBP >120 mmHg or DBP >70 mmHg, measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring [ABPM]) and left ventricular mass index related to height (LVMI) >0.8 g/cm for females, >1.1 g/cm for males (defined by magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) will be randomised to once-daily @entity8 or @entity5 . The @entity8 dose will be 40 mg for the first two weeks, 80 mg for 5.5 months and 40 mg for the last two weeks. @entity5 will be given at a dose of 47.5 mg for two weeks, 95 mg for 5.5 months and 47.5 mg for two weeks. Concomitant add-on medication with @entity2 and @entity6 will be allowed. The primary endpoint is the percentage change in LVMI at treatment end versus baseline, using MRI. Secondary variables include blood pressure changes and response rates assessed by ABPM and manual cuff sphygmomanometry, and end-systolic wall stress, systolic @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and diastolic @entity3 determined by MRI. A separate study was performed prior to the main trial to define the normal range of MRI data in an age-matched population.

title: Reduction (TELMAR) as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in @entity0 with mild-to-moderate @entity1 --a prospective, randomised, double-blind comparison of @entity8 with XXXX over a period of six months rationale and study design.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The @entity8 Effectiveness on Left ventricular MAss Reduction (TELMAR) trial will assess the effect of the angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blocker, @entity8 , on @entity7 ( @entity7 ) compared with the b-blocker, @entity5 , at similar antihypertensive doses. The rationale is that antihypertensives reduce @entity7 , a cardiac adaptation to pressure overload, principally by pressure-related effects. Ang II plays a key role in pressure-independent mechanisms causing @entity7 , and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) inhibitors induce more pronounced @entity7 regression than some other antihypertensives. Blocking Ang II Type 1 receptors may be more effective than @entity4 inhibition in reducing @entity7 . TELMAR is a prospective, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group trial. A total of 140 @entity0 (age 18 80 years) with uncontrolled essential @entity1 (mean daytime systolic blood pressure [SBP] >140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] >90 mmHg and/or night-time SBP >120 mmHg or DBP >70 mmHg, measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring [ABPM]) and left ventricular mass index related to height (LVMI) >0.8 g/cm for females, >1.1 g/cm for males (defined by magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) will be randomised to once-daily @entity8 or @entity5 . The @entity8 dose will be 40 mg for the first two weeks, 80 mg for 5.5 months and 40 mg for the last two weeks. @entity5 will be given at a dose of 47.5 mg for two weeks, 95 mg for 5.5 months and 47.5 mg for two weeks. Concomitant add-on medication with @entity2 and @entity6 will be allowed. The primary endpoint is the percentage change in LVMI at treatment end versus baseline, using MRI. Secondary variables include blood pressure changes and response rates assessed by ABPM and manual cuff sphygmomanometry, and end-systolic wall stress, systolic @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and diastolic @entity3 determined by MRI. A separate study was performed prior to the main trial to define the normal range of MRI data in an age-matched population.

title: Reduction (TELMAR) as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in @entity0 with mild-to-moderate XXXX --a prospective, randomised, double-blind comparison of @entity8 with @entity5 over a period of six months rationale and study design.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity8 Effectiveness on Left ventricular MAss Reduction (TELMAR) trial will assess the effect of the angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor blocker, @entity8 , on @entity7 ( @entity7 ) compared with the b-blocker, @entity5 , at similar antihypertensive doses. The rationale is that antihypertensives reduce @entity7 , a cardiac adaptation to pressure overload, principally by pressure-related effects. Ang II plays a key role in pressure-independent mechanisms causing @entity7 , and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) inhibitors induce more pronounced @entity7 regression than some other antihypertensives. Blocking Ang II Type 1 receptors may be more effective than @entity4 inhibition in reducing @entity7 . TELMAR is a prospective, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group trial. A total of 140 @entity0 (age 18 80 years) with uncontrolled essential @entity1 (mean daytime systolic blood pressure [SBP] >140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] >90 mmHg and/or night-time SBP >120 mmHg or DBP >70 mmHg, measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring [ABPM]) and left ventricular mass index related to height (LVMI) >0.8 g/cm for females, >1.1 g/cm for males (defined by magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) will be randomised to once-daily @entity8 or @entity5 . The @entity8 dose will be 40 mg for the first two weeks, 80 mg for 5.5 months and 40 mg for the last two weeks. @entity5 will be given at a dose of 47.5 mg for two weeks, 95 mg for 5.5 months and 47.5 mg for two weeks. Concomitant add-on medication with @entity2 and @entity6 will be allowed. The primary endpoint is the percentage change in LVMI at treatment end versus baseline, using MRI. Secondary variables include blood pressure changes and response rates assessed by ABPM and manual cuff sphygmomanometry, and end-systolic wall stress, systolic @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and diastolic @entity3 determined by MRI. A separate study was performed prior to the main trial to define the normal range of MRI data in an age-matched population.

title: Reduction (TELMAR) as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging in XXXX with mild-to-moderate @entity1 --a prospective, randomised, double-blind comparison of @entity8 with @entity5 over a period of six months rationale and study design.

answer: @entity0