abstract: Exercise, together with a low-energy diet, is the first-line treatment for @entity3 2 @entity1 . Exercise improves @entity8 by increasing the number or function of muscle mitochondria mitochondria and the capacity for aerobic metabolism, all of which are low in many insulin-resistant subjects. Cannabinoid 1-receptor antagonists and b-adrenoceptor agonists improve insulin sensitivity in @entity0 and promote fat oxidation in rodents independently of reduced food intake. Current drugs for the treatment of @entity1 are not, however, noted for their ability to increase fat oxidation, although the @entity9 increase the capacity for fat oxidation in skeletal muscle, whilst paradoxically increasing @entity6 .There are a number of targets for anti- @entity1 drugs that may improve @entity8 by increasing the capacity for fat oxidation. Their mechanisms of action are linked, notably through @entity5 -activated protein kinase, @entity7 , and the sympathetic nervous system. If ligands for these targets have obvious acute thermogenic activity, it is often because they increase sympathetic activity. This promotes fuel mobilisation, as well as fuel oxidation. When thermogenesis thermogenesis is not obvious, researchers often argue that it has occurred by using the inappropriate device of treating animals for days or weeks until there is weight (mainly fat) loss and then expressing energy expenditure energy expenditure relative to body weight. In reality, thermogenesis may have occurred, but it is too small to detect, and this device distracts us from really appreciating why insulin sensitivity has improved. This is that by increasing @entity4 oxidation @entity4 oxidation more than @entity4 supply, drugs lower the concentrations of @entity4 metabolites that cause insulin resistance. Insulin sensitivity improves long before any anti- @entity2 effect can be detected.

title: Thermogenesis and related metabolic targets in anti- XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Surface immunoglobulin (sIg) light chain analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from 63 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was performed to determine the ratio of kappa-bearing lymphocytes to lambda-bearing lymphocytes (kappa/lambda ratio). In 43% an abnormal kappa/lambda ratio was detected, implying the presence of a malignant clone in the peripheral blood (clonal excess). In 67% of cases with an abnormal kappa/lambda ratio, the absolute lymphocyte count was within normal limits and 20% did not have morphologic bone marrow involvement. Light chain analysis of bone marrow aspirates was performed in three of four @entity0 with a circulating clone and normal bone marrow morphology. All three @entity0 had abnormal bone marrow aspirate kappa/lambda ratios. The presence of a circulating clone was associated with morphologic bone marrow involvement (P less than 0.05). Nine @entity0 with documented B-cell @entity3 were followed with repeated examinations. The presence of a circulating clone persisted in two @entity0 refractory to therapy and in two @entity0 otherwise believed to be in remission. Conversion to an abnormal kappa/lambda ratio occurred in two @entity0 coincident with the development of new bone marrow involvement and in a third @entity0 prior to the onset of @entity2 . In three instances, the PBL light chain analyses remained within normal limits in @entity0 with stable @entity4 . The kappa/lambda ratio returned to normal in one @entity0 responding to treatment with a partial remission, and remained within normal limits despite progression of @entity4 in one @entity0 , and @entity1 recurrence in another @entity0 . These findings suggest that the detection of a circulating clone by sIg light chain analysis may be useful as a noninvasive approach to identify disseminated disease activity unsuspected on the basis of morphologic evaluations, but may not reflect the presence, progression, or recurrence of localized tissue lesions.

title: Applications and limitations of peripheral blood lymphocyte immunoglobulin light chain analysis in the evaluation of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the long-term visual results in central @entity3 (CRVO) following repeated intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (IVB). METHODS: Thirteen @entity0 (aged 34 to 79 years) with a duration of CRVO of 2 weeks to 6 months (mean 2.5 months) had a best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 0.05 to 0.4 (mean 0.13) as determined by Early Treatment @entity1 Study (ETDRS) chart. Clinical examination was carried out at baseline and every 6 to 8 weeks. Intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg) was given every 6 weeks during the first 6 months, and after that at the discretion of the attending physician. RESULTS: In total, 96 IVB (average 7.4/ @entity0 ) were given: 50 IVB during the first 6 months, 28 from 6 to 12 months, and 18 from 12 to 18 months. Average BCVA had improved 15 ETDRS letters at 3 months, 24 letters at 6 months, 24 letters at 12 months, and 18 letters at 18 months (p<0.05). Eight @entity0 (62%) had gained >15 ETDRS letters at 12 months, and 7 subjects (54%) >15 ETDRS letters at 18 months. Foveal thickness decreased from 596   m at baseline to 294   m at 18 months (p<0.05) and mean IOP from 15.2 mmHg to 15.8 mmHg. No serious adverse events occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Following repeated IVB, there was a significant gain of BCVA during the follow-up of 18 months. To maintain @entity2 , regular ophthalmologic examinations and repeated injections seem to be necessary as long as the disease is active.

title: Intravitreal bevacizumab in central XXXX : 18-month results of a prospective clinical trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To discuss @entity0 variables associated with swallowing dysfunction in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 prior to intervention. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, multi-institutional cohort study. METHODS: All @entity0 included had newly diagnosed @entity2 . @entity0 undergoing instrumental swallowing evaluations prior to oncologic management were included for analysis. Pretreatment Penetration Aspiration Scores (PAS) were analyzed by @entity1 site, @entity1 stage, and standard demographic variables. RESULTS: The final study sample was comprised of 204 consecutive individuals with newly diagnosed @entity2 . @entity0 with advanced @entity1 ( @entity1 ) stage laryngeal/hypopharyngeal @entity1 had higher mean PAS scores (5.18) in contrast to early stage larynx/hypopharynx (1.93), advanced stage oral cavity/oropharynx (2.24), and early stage oral cavity/oropharynx (1.54, P < .0001), indicative of poorer function. Age, race, and sex were not associated with PAS scores. Multivariate logistic regression revealed significantly poorer PAS scores in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 (odds ration [OR] = 3.83, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.84-8.00, P < .0001) and laryngeal/hypopharyngeal primary site disease (OR = 3.04, 95% CI, 1.41-6.54, P = .004), after controlling for all other variables. CONCLUSIONS: This series demonstrates that swallowing dysfunction in high-risk @entity0 may be present in the pretreatment state and should be considered when determining candidacy for organ preservation modalities. These data highlight the importance of instrumental swallowing evaluations prior to intervention, particularly for those individuals with advanced stage and/or laryngeal/hypopharyngeal @entity1 .

title: Pretreatment swallowing assessment in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To discuss @entity0 variables associated with swallowing dysfunction in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 prior to intervention. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, multi-institutional cohort study. METHODS: All @entity0 included had newly diagnosed @entity2 . @entity0 undergoing instrumental swallowing evaluations prior to oncologic management were included for analysis. Pretreatment Penetration Aspiration Scores (PAS) were analyzed by @entity1 site, @entity1 stage, and standard demographic variables. RESULTS: The final study sample was comprised of 204 consecutive individuals with newly diagnosed @entity2 . @entity0 with advanced @entity1 ( @entity1 ) stage laryngeal/hypopharyngeal @entity1 had higher mean PAS scores (5.18) in contrast to early stage larynx/hypopharynx (1.93), advanced stage oral cavity/oropharynx (2.24), and early stage oral cavity/oropharynx (1.54, P < .0001), indicative of poorer function. Age, race, and sex were not associated with PAS scores. Multivariate logistic regression revealed significantly poorer PAS scores in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 (odds ration [OR] = 3.83, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.84-8.00, P < .0001) and laryngeal/hypopharyngeal primary site disease (OR = 3.04, 95% CI, 1.41-6.54, P = .004), after controlling for all other variables. CONCLUSIONS: This series demonstrates that swallowing dysfunction in high-risk @entity0 may be present in the pretreatment state and should be considered when determining candidacy for organ preservation modalities. These data highlight the importance of instrumental swallowing evaluations prior to intervention, particularly for those individuals with advanced stage and/or laryngeal/hypopharyngeal @entity1 .

title: Pretreatment swallowing assessment in @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the transition from pediatric to adult care, @entity0 are expected to increase their level of self-care. Knowledge of disease characteristics, medications, and resources is crucial. This study evaluated the knowledge of adolescents with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and their parents in four major domains: disease characteristics, treatments, medical history, and health services resources. METHODS: @entity0 age 14-18 years and their parents completed MyHealth Passport for @entity1 as a cross-sectional assessment of knowledge. Responses were evaluated for accuracy using medical records. The proportion of correct responses between @entity0 /parents were compared. RESULTS: In all, 78 @entity0 (age 16.2    1.2 years, @entity1 duration 3.6    2.5 years), and 64 parents participated. @entity0 and parents were equally likely to answer questions correctly regarding disease characteristics and treatment, but not health services resources. Most @entity0 accurately identified @entity1 classification and listed medications. Neither @entity0 nor parents accurately identified disease location or previous investigation results. Parents more likely correctly named insurance provider (odds ratio [OR] 6.33, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 2.68-15.0), and pharmacy location (OR 18.5, 95% CI 4.6-76.8). Multivariate regression revealed that @entity0 with @entity1 type unclassified were more likely to be aware of their diagnostic classification (OR 17.2, 95% CI 2.81-105.4 compared with @entity2 @entity0 ). Older @entity0 were less likely to recall if they had a small bowel x-ray (OR 0.59, 95% CI 0.35-0.996). CONCLUSIONS: Future educational interventions should target areas of weakness in adolescent knowledge, particularly health services resources. The MyHealth Passport for @entity1 (available freely online) could educate and instill independence in the transitioning adolescent.

title: Assessment of knowledge in adolescents with XXXX using a novel transition tool.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Several treatment options exist for uncomplicated @entity1 . Standardized and effective informed consent is difficult in busy dermatology clinics. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether an educational video depicting 3 treatment options for uncomplicated @entity1 -excision, electrodessication and curettage, and topical therapy-before standard in-office informed consent affected @entity0 knowledge and consent time compared with standard in-office consent alone. METHODS: @entity0 were randomized to receive video education plus verbal discussion (video) or standard verbal discussion alone (control). Both groups completed baseline and final knowledge assessments. The primary outcome measure was change in knowledge scores between groups. Secondary outcomes were @entity0 satisfaction, physician satisfaction, and informed consent time. RESULTS: In all, 32 eligible @entity0 (16 control, 16 video) from an academic institution and affiliate Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center dermatology clinics participated. The video group had significantly greater gains in knowledge compared with the control group (mean      SD: 9      3.6 vs 2.9      2.2) (P  =  .0048). There was no significant difference in total consent time between groups. @entity0 and physicians were highly satisfied with the video. LIMITATIONS: Small sample size and slight methodological difference between recruitment sites are limitations. CONCLUSION: Video-based education for @entity1 improved @entity0 knowledge with no  additional physician time when compared with standard communication.

title: A video-based educational pilot for XXXX ( @entity1 ) treatment: A randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Several treatment options exist for uncomplicated @entity1 . Standardized and effective informed consent is difficult in busy dermatology clinics. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether an educational video depicting 3 treatment options for uncomplicated @entity1 -excision, electrodessication and curettage, and topical therapy-before standard in-office informed consent affected @entity0 knowledge and consent time compared with standard in-office consent alone. METHODS: @entity0 were randomized to receive video education plus verbal discussion (video) or standard verbal discussion alone (control). Both groups completed baseline and final knowledge assessments. The primary outcome measure was change in knowledge scores between groups. Secondary outcomes were @entity0 satisfaction, physician satisfaction, and informed consent time. RESULTS: In all, 32 eligible @entity0 (16 control, 16 video) from an academic institution and affiliate Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center dermatology clinics participated. The video group had significantly greater gains in knowledge compared with the control group (mean      SD: 9      3.6 vs 2.9      2.2) (P  =  .0048). There was no significant difference in total consent time between groups. @entity0 and physicians were highly satisfied with the video. LIMITATIONS: Small sample size and slight methodological difference between recruitment sites are limitations. CONCLUSION: Video-based education for @entity1 improved @entity0 knowledge with no  additional physician time when compared with standard communication.

title: A video-based educational pilot for @entity1 ( XXXX ) treatment: A randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Sertoli cells were isolated from the testes of 3-week-old sterile @entity0 (prenatally irradiated) and incubated for 3 days in the absence of added hormones. Subsequently the effects of follitropin and insulin on @entity2 metabolism were investigated using this in vitro system. A marked stimulation of net @entity3 production by either follitropin or insulin was observed within 3 h after addition of the hormones. This response was not inhibited in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor @entity4 . Production of @entity1 by the Sertoli cells was markedly enhanced by @entity6 , but not at all by insulin. The addition of 0.5 mM @entity5 to the incubation medium also resulted in a rapid increase of the rate of @entity3 production by the Sertoli cells. The stimulation of @entity3 production by follitropin and insulin was dose-dependent (ED50 of approx. 10 ng NIH-FSH-S13/ml and of approx. 50 ng insulin/ml). It is suggested that the observed effects of insulin on Sertoli cells are mediated via insulin receptors, rather than via receptors for insulin-like growth factors. Within 18 h after addition of either follitropin or insulin the cells became refractory with respect to @entity3 production to the homologous hormone, whereas the cells could still respond to the heterologous hormone. It is concluded, that follitropin and insulin, acting via different mechanisms, exert similar rapid stimulatory effects on @entity2 metabolism by Sertoli cells from immature @entity0 in vitro. These effects are not dependent on de novo protein synthesis and may differ from long-term trophic effects of follitropin, insulin, and/or insulin-like growth factors.

title: Comparison of the effects of insulin and follitropin on XXXX metabolism by Sertoli cells from immature @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Sertoli cells were isolated from the testes of 3-week-old sterile @entity0 (prenatally irradiated) and incubated for 3 days in the absence of added hormones. Subsequently the effects of follitropin and insulin on @entity2 metabolism were investigated using this in vitro system. A marked stimulation of net @entity3 production by either follitropin or insulin was observed within 3 h after addition of the hormones. This response was not inhibited in the presence of the protein synthesis inhibitor @entity4 . Production of @entity1 by the Sertoli cells was markedly enhanced by @entity6 , but not at all by insulin. The addition of 0.5 mM @entity5 to the incubation medium also resulted in a rapid increase of the rate of @entity3 production by the Sertoli cells. The stimulation of @entity3 production by follitropin and insulin was dose-dependent (ED50 of approx. 10 ng NIH-FSH-S13/ml and of approx. 50 ng insulin/ml). It is suggested that the observed effects of insulin on Sertoli cells are mediated via insulin receptors, rather than via receptors for insulin-like growth factors. Within 18 h after addition of either follitropin or insulin the cells became refractory with respect to @entity3 production to the homologous hormone, whereas the cells could still respond to the heterologous hormone. It is concluded, that follitropin and insulin, acting via different mechanisms, exert similar rapid stimulatory effects on @entity2 metabolism by Sertoli cells from immature @entity0 in vitro. These effects are not dependent on de novo protein synthesis and may differ from long-term trophic effects of follitropin, insulin, and/or insulin-like growth factors.

title: Comparison of the effects of insulin and follitropin on @entity2 metabolism by Sertoli cells from immature XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the correlation between prethrombotic biomarkers and traditional Uyghur medicinal syndromes of @entity1 . METHODS: One hundred and fifty-nine @entity1 inpatients were randomly selected and typed according to traditional Uyghur medicine theories. The expressions of peripheral platelet membrane glucoprotein ( @entity5 and @entity10 ), levels of serum endothelin ( @entity7 ), plasma @entity9 ), plasminogen activator inhibitor ( @entity8 ), plasma @entity6 ( @entity6 ), prothrombin time (PT), and @entity3 time (TT), and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were detected by flow cytometry, radioimmunoassay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) respectively. RESULTS: The @entity0 were typed as 68 of abnormal Savda syndrome, 34 of abnormal Khan syndrome, 31 of the @entity4 , and 26 of the @entity4 . Compared with the control group, the levels of @entity10 , @entity8 , and @entity7 increased, levels of @entity6 and @entity9 decreased, PT prolongated and APTT shortened in the abnormal Savda group and the non-abnormal Savda group (including abnormal Khan, abnormal Sepra, and abnormal Belghem types) (all P < 0.05). No significant difference of @entity5 or TT was shown in inter-group comparison (P > 0.05). Compared with abnormal Khan and Belghem groups, the @entity7 level increased in the abnormal Savda group (P < 0.05). Compared with the abnormal Sepra group, the @entity10 positive percentage increased in abnormal Savda group (P < 0.05). No significant difference in @entity5 positive percentage, @entity9 or @entity8 contents, PT, TT, or APTT was shown in @entity0 of different traditional Uyghur medicine syndrome groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Prethrombotic changes existed in @entity1 @entity0 of different Uyghur abnormal syndrome types, manifested as injuries of vessel epithelial cells, platelet activation, @entity2 , lowered fibrinolytic function. The prethrombotic changes were more obviously seen in the abnormal Savda group.

title: [Study on the correlation between prethrombotic biomarkers and traditional Uyghur medicinal syndromes of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: For many years surgery has been the treatment of choice for @entity4 , but it is now becoming apparent that well-planned definitive radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy may obviate the need for an abdomino-perineal resection. Since 1976, 33 @entity0 with this disease were treated at Highland Hospital by radiation therapy combined with @entity6 and @entity5 for sensitization. Four of these @entity0 underwent a planned abdomino-perineal resection following therapy; the operative specimens of all four @entity0 were negative for @entity1 . Twenty-nine @entity0 were treated by the above method without surgery in a definitive manner and local control was achieved in 89.6% of @entity0 . Radiation therapy combined with @entity6 and @entity5 for sensitization has also been used in an effort to improve the resectability rate of large @entity1 and ultimately the 5-year survival of @entity0 with this disease. Fifty-eight @entity0 with marginally resectable @entity2 were treated pre-operatively by this regimen. The method of administration of the chemotherapeutic agents used for sensitization appears to be an important factor in obtaining an increased therapeutic ratio. Thirty-three @entity0 have been followed for a minimum of 5 years with an 84.9% local control rate; 63.7% are alive and well, and 9.1% have died of intercurrent disease. An additional 22 @entity0 have been treated with this regimen for recurrent @entity7 and 9.9% are alive and well at 5 years. Radiation therapy combined with @entity6 and @entity5 for sensitization purposes appears to be effective in downstaging @entity3 at surgery with a resultant survival rate superior to that following surgery alone.

title: The use of radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy in the management of XXXX and marginally resectable @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: For many years surgery has been the treatment of choice for @entity4 , but it is now becoming apparent that well-planned definitive radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy may obviate the need for an abdomino-perineal resection. Since 1976, 33 @entity0 with this disease were treated at Highland Hospital by radiation therapy combined with @entity6 and @entity5 for sensitization. Four of these @entity0 underwent a planned abdomino-perineal resection following therapy; the operative specimens of all four @entity0 were negative for @entity1 . Twenty-nine @entity0 were treated by the above method without surgery in a definitive manner and local control was achieved in 89.6% of @entity0 . Radiation therapy combined with @entity6 and @entity5 for sensitization has also been used in an effort to improve the resectability rate of large @entity1 and ultimately the 5-year survival of @entity0 with this disease. Fifty-eight @entity0 with marginally resectable @entity2 were treated pre-operatively by this regimen. The method of administration of the chemotherapeutic agents used for sensitization appears to be an important factor in obtaining an increased therapeutic ratio. Thirty-three @entity0 have been followed for a minimum of 5 years with an 84.9% local control rate; 63.7% are alive and well, and 9.1% have died of intercurrent disease. An additional 22 @entity0 have been treated with this regimen for recurrent @entity7 and 9.9% are alive and well at 5 years. Radiation therapy combined with @entity6 and @entity5 for sensitization purposes appears to be effective in downstaging @entity3 at surgery with a resultant survival rate superior to that following surgery alone.

title: The use of radiation therapy combined with chemotherapy in the management of @entity4 and marginally resectable XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Between January 1976 and March 1982, 80 @entity0 with histologically proven diagnosis of @entity3 of the tonsillar region were treated with definitive radiotherapy. Sixty-five (81%) of these @entity0 had locally advanced @entity1 (Stage III and IV); 49% of @entity0 had clinically palpable cervical @entity4 . All @entity0 received a combined external megavoltage and interstitial irradiation. The dose of external irradiation was limited to 4500-5000 cGy over 41/2 to 51/2 weeks. This was followed by interstitial 192iridium implants to doses of 2000-2500 cGy in 50-60 hours for T1, T2 lesions and 3000-4000 cGy in 60-100 hours for T3 , T4 lesions. The neck masses were also separately implanted to deliver additional doses of 2000-4000 cGy in 50-80 hours. Overall @entity1 control was observed in 84% of @entity0 with a minimum follow-up period of 2 years. An absolute 3-year disease free survival of the entire group was 72%. Treatment related complications such as soft tissue @entity2 or @entity5 occurred in 6% (5/80) of @entity0 . The salvage of neck failures and local failures was possible in 78 and 38% of @entity0 , respectively, either by surgery or by re-irradiation employing interstitial 192iridium implants. Functional and esthetic integrity was well preserved in most cases.

title: Limited external irradiation and interstitial 192iridium implant in the treatment of XXXX of the tonsillar region.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Few studies regarding the epidemiology of essential @entity3 (ET) and its @entity6 ( @entity6 ) have been conducted to date. We thus conducted a door-to-door survey to investigate the ET and its @entity6 and their clinical manifestations in a rural area of Shanghai, China. METHODS: We recruited 19,614 residents (>= 50 years old), living in Malu town, Shanghai. Investigations were divided into two steps. In first step, trained physicians conducted door-to-door surveys and reported probable ET subjects to @entity4 specialists. In the second step, @entity0 with suspected ET had their diagnosis confirmed by @entity4 specialists. We randomly selected 123 subjects from those adults who screened negative for neurological conditions as healthy controls for the study of @entity6 . RESULTS: The prevalence of ET in individuals (>= 50 years old) was 0.306% (PR  =  3.06 per 1000). The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores were lower in ET @entity0 than in controls (25.81      4.20 vs. 26.63      3.14,  P=  0.024). Complaints of @entity7 reported by ET @entity0 were significantly higher than those in controls (P  <  0.05). In contrast, we did not observe a significant difference for other @entity6 between ET @entity0 and controls, including olfactory function (P  =  0.82), @entity2 (P  =  0.94), and @entity5 movement @entity1 (RBD) (P  =  0.71). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of ET in @entity0 >= 50 years old in a rural area of Shanghai China is low. Prevalence of certain NMSs was higher among @entity0 with ET relative to health controls.

title: Prevalence and clinical features of XXXX of essential @entity3 in Shanghai rural area.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Few studies regarding the epidemiology of essential @entity3 (ET) and its @entity6 ( @entity6 ) have been conducted to date. We thus conducted a door-to-door survey to investigate the ET and its @entity6 and their clinical manifestations in a rural area of Shanghai, China. METHODS: We recruited 19,614 residents (>= 50 years old), living in Malu town, Shanghai. Investigations were divided into two steps. In first step, trained physicians conducted door-to-door surveys and reported probable ET subjects to @entity4 specialists. In the second step, @entity0 with suspected ET had their diagnosis confirmed by @entity4 specialists. We randomly selected 123 subjects from those adults who screened negative for neurological conditions as healthy controls for the study of @entity6 . RESULTS: The prevalence of ET in individuals (>= 50 years old) was 0.306% (PR  =  3.06 per 1000). The mini-mental state examination (MMSE) scores were lower in ET @entity0 than in controls (25.81      4.20 vs. 26.63      3.14,  P=  0.024). Complaints of @entity7 reported by ET @entity0 were significantly higher than those in controls (P  <  0.05). In contrast, we did not observe a significant difference for other @entity6 between ET @entity0 and controls, including olfactory function (P  =  0.82), @entity2 (P  =  0.94), and @entity5 movement @entity1 (RBD) (P  =  0.71). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of ET in @entity0 >= 50 years old in a rural area of Shanghai China is low. Prevalence of certain NMSs was higher among @entity0 with ET relative to health controls.

title: Prevalence and clinical features of @entity6 of essential XXXX in Shanghai rural area.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current indices fail to consistently predict risk for major adverse @entity3 after major @entity8 . METHODS: All primary @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were identified from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data set. Based on prior analyses, age >= 80 years, history of @entity1 , and history of @entity3 were evaluated as predictors of @entity6 and @entity7 using stepwise multivariate logistic regression. A series of predictive scores were constructed and weighted to identify the influence of each variable on 30-day postoperative @entity3 , while comparing with the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI). RESULTS: Among 85,129 @entity0 , age >= 80 years, @entity1 , and a history of @entity3 were all statistically significant predictors of postoperative @entity3 (0.32%; n  = 275) after @entity4 and @entity5 (P   <= .02). Equal weighting of all variables maintained the highest discriminative capacity in both @entity5 and @entity4 cohorts. Adjusted models explained 75% and 71% of the variation in postoperative @entity3 for those with @entity5 and @entity4 , respectively, without statistically significant lack of fit (P  = .52; P  = .23, respectively). Conversely, the RCRI was not a significant predictor of postoperative @entity3 after @entity4 (odds ratio, 3.36; 95% CI, 0.19, 58.04; P  = .40), although it maintained a similar discriminative capacity after @entity5 (76%). CONCLUSION: The current @entity8 Cardiac Risk Index score was the most economical in predicting @entity2 after primary unilateral @entity4 and @entity5 . The RCRI was not a significant predictor of perioperative @entity3 for @entity4 @entity0 but performed similarly to the current model for @entity5 .

title: The Total Joint Arthroplasty Cardiac Risk Index for Predicting Perioperative @entity6 and XXXX After Primary Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Current indices fail to consistently predict risk for major adverse @entity3 after major @entity8 . METHODS: All primary @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were identified from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data set. Based on prior analyses, age >= 80 years, history of @entity1 , and history of @entity3 were evaluated as predictors of @entity6 and @entity7 using stepwise multivariate logistic regression. A series of predictive scores were constructed and weighted to identify the influence of each variable on 30-day postoperative @entity3 , while comparing with the Revised Cardiac Risk Index (RCRI). RESULTS: Among 85,129 @entity0 , age >= 80 years, @entity1 , and a history of @entity3 were all statistically significant predictors of postoperative @entity3 (0.32%; n  = 275) after @entity4 and @entity5 (P   <= .02). Equal weighting of all variables maintained the highest discriminative capacity in both @entity5 and @entity4 cohorts. Adjusted models explained 75% and 71% of the variation in postoperative @entity3 for those with @entity5 and @entity4 , respectively, without statistically significant lack of fit (P  = .52; P  = .23, respectively). Conversely, the RCRI was not a significant predictor of postoperative @entity3 after @entity4 (odds ratio, 3.36; 95% CI, 0.19, 58.04; P  = .40), although it maintained a similar discriminative capacity after @entity5 (76%). CONCLUSION: The current @entity8 Cardiac Risk Index score was the most economical in predicting @entity2 after primary unilateral @entity4 and @entity5 . The RCRI was not a significant predictor of perioperative @entity3 for @entity4 @entity0 but performed similarly to the current model for @entity5 .

title: The Total Joint Arthroplasty Cardiac Risk Index for Predicting Perioperative XXXX and @entity7 After Primary Total Knee and Hip Arthroplasty.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 -diffused highly cross-linked @entity2 (VEPE) was developed to reduce oxidation without compromising mechanical strength. The purpose of this study was to evaluate VEPE in  vivo using radiostereometric analysis (RSA) and @entity0 -reported outcome measures (PROMs). METHODS: Fifty-one hips were enrolled. Each @entity0 received a VEPE liner, a porous @entity3 shell, and an uncemented stem with a 32-mm @entity4 -chrome femoral head. Tantalum beads were inserted into the VEPE to measure femoral head penetration using RSA. RSA radiographs and PROMs were obtained preoperatively immediately after surgery, 6 months, 1, 2, 3, and 5 years after surgery. RESULTS: Forty-seven hips returned at 3 years, and 42 hip at 5 years. The mean    standard error of the mean proximal head penetration into the @entity2 was 0.06    0.01 at 5 years. The amount of head penetration did not change significantly with increasing time in  vivo. The mean    standard error of the mean Harris Hip Score was 58    2 preoperatively, which improved significantly to 93    2 at 5 years (P  <  .001). CONCLUSION: The head penetration into VEPE liners was low compared with non-VEPE at 5 years. After settling of the liners in the early period, no significant head penetration occurred from 2- to 5-year follow-up. All PROMs improved significantly from preoperative to postoperative and remained very favorable at 5 years. This study documents the longest-term evaluation of in  vivo wear performance of VEPE.

title: Five-Year Experience of @entity1 -Diffused Highly Cross-Linked XXXX Wear in Total Hip Arthroplasty Assessed by Radiostereometric Analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 -diffused highly cross-linked @entity2 (VEPE) was developed to reduce oxidation without compromising mechanical strength. The purpose of this study was to evaluate VEPE in  vivo using radiostereometric analysis (RSA) and @entity0 -reported outcome measures (PROMs). METHODS: Fifty-one hips were enrolled. Each @entity0 received a VEPE liner, a porous @entity3 shell, and an uncemented stem with a 32-mm @entity4 -chrome femoral head. Tantalum beads were inserted into the VEPE to measure femoral head penetration using RSA. RSA radiographs and PROMs were obtained preoperatively immediately after surgery, 6 months, 1, 2, 3, and 5 years after surgery. RESULTS: Forty-seven hips returned at 3 years, and 42 hip at 5 years. The mean    standard error of the mean proximal head penetration into the @entity2 was 0.06    0.01 at 5 years. The amount of head penetration did not change significantly with increasing time in  vivo. The mean    standard error of the mean Harris Hip Score was 58    2 preoperatively, which improved significantly to 93    2 at 5 years (P  <  .001). CONCLUSION: The head penetration into VEPE liners was low compared with non-VEPE at 5 years. After settling of the liners in the early period, no significant head penetration occurred from 2- to 5-year follow-up. All PROMs improved significantly from preoperative to postoperative and remained very favorable at 5 years. This study documents the longest-term evaluation of in  vivo wear performance of VEPE.

title: Five-Year Experience of XXXX -Diffused Highly Cross-Linked @entity2 Wear in Total Hip Arthroplasty Assessed by Radiostereometric Analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The association of mortality with @entity0 factors (severity of @entity2 , comorbidity), physician factors (specialty training, prehospitalisation visit, in-hospital consultation, volume of @entity0 seen per physician) and healthcare organisation factors ( @entity0 -travel distances, regional beds per capita, admitting hospital-bed occupancy, admitting hospital-bed turnover, hospital location, volume of @entity1 cases per hospital) after hospital admission with community-acquired @entity1 was investigated using administrative data from Alberta, Canada from April 1, 1994-March 31, 1999. During the 5-yr study period there were 43,642 @entity1 hospitalisations, with an 11% in-hospital and 26% 1-yr mortality. @entity0 severity of @entity2 and comorbidity were the strongest predictors of increased mortality. Physicians with the highest in-hospital @entity1 @entity0 volume (>27 @entity0 x yr(-1)) cared for @entity0 with greater severity/comorbidity, but with decreased odds of in-hospital mortality, compared with the lowest volume physicians (less than seven @entity0 per year). The effects of internal medicine specialist or subspecialist care were mixed, with a reduction in deaths for the first 72 h and an increase in in-hospital deaths. Prehospitalisation visit by a physician was associated with decreased mortality. Healthcare organisation factors were the least strong predictor of mortality, demonstrating an effect only for 1-yr mortality in those discharged alive from hospital. Admissions to larger volume or metropolitan hospitals were associated with a decrease in mortality. Severity of @entity2 and comorbidity had the strongest association with mortality. The first association of high-volume physician and pre-hospital care with decreased in-hospital mortality for community-acquired @entity1 is reported.

title: Mortality during hospitalisation for XXXX in Alberta, Canada, is associated with physician volume.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 is a common condition with a broad spectrum of disease severity. A scoring system has been proposed for diagnosing @entity9 , and a number of scoring systems exist for predicting prognosis associated with severe complications of @entity9 such as @entity2 . However, predicting disease severity has not received as much attention. Therefore, the aim of this review was to identify the factors that are predictive of severe @entity5 . METHODS: A systematic literature search was performed using Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library to identify papers that evaluated factors predictive of severe @entity9 . Severe @entity9 was defined as complicated @entity9 (associated with @entity4 , @entity6 , phlegmon, perforation, purulent/ @entity2 , @entity7 , @entity1 , or @entity8 ) or @entity9 that resulted in prolonged hospital admission, surgical intervention or death. RESULTS: Twenty one articles were included. Studies were categorised into those that identified @entity0 characteristics (n  =  12), medications (n  =  5), biochemical markers (n  =  8) or imaging (n  =  3) as predictors. Predictors for severe @entity9 included first episode of @entity9 , co-morbidities (Charlson score  >=   3), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, @entity3 use, a high CRP on admission and severe disease on radiological imaging. Age and gender were not associated with disease severity. CONCLUSION: A number of predictors exist for identifying severe @entity9 , and CT remains the gold standard for diagnosing complicated disease. @entity0 who present with identified risk factors for severe disease warrant early imaging, closer in- @entity0 observation and a lower threshold for early surgical intervention. @entity0 without these factors may be suitable for outpatient-based treatment.

title: Predictors of XXXX severity: A systematic review.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The treatment of @entity1 poisoning has typically not included the administration of activated charcoal due to the lack of evidence supporting its efficacy. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated good adsorption of @entity1 in a variety of pH ranges that were comparable to those found with other drugs for which activated charcoal is clinically used. This study was designed to determine whether activated charcoal altered the gastrointestinal absorption of toxic doses of @entity1 as @entity2 in an in vivo model. Seventy-five male @entity0 were randomly assigned into 5 groups: control given only distilled water; 100 mg elemental @entity1 and water; 1:1 charcoal to @entity1 ; 2:1 charcoal to @entity1 ; and 4:1 charcoal to @entity1 . All treatments were administered consecutively by gavage within 5 min. Physiological measurements and blood samples were taken at 0, 1, 4 and 8 h after treatment. There were no consistent differences in physiological measurements among the 5 groups. Mean serum @entity1 concentrations did not differ among Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 at the 4 sampling times except at I h between Groups 4 and 5. The area under the curve for serum @entity1 concentrations did not differ among the treatment groups. Activated charcoal did not alter the extent of @entity1 absorption in the experimental model.

title: Activated charcoal and the absorption of XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The treatment of @entity1 poisoning has typically not included the administration of activated charcoal due to the lack of evidence supporting its efficacy. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated good adsorption of @entity1 in a variety of pH ranges that were comparable to those found with other drugs for which activated charcoal is clinically used. This study was designed to determine whether activated charcoal altered the gastrointestinal absorption of toxic doses of @entity1 as @entity2 in an in vivo model. Seventy-five male @entity0 were randomly assigned into 5 groups: control given only distilled water; 100 mg elemental @entity1 and water; 1:1 charcoal to @entity1 ; 2:1 charcoal to @entity1 ; and 4:1 charcoal to @entity1 . All treatments were administered consecutively by gavage within 5 min. Physiological measurements and blood samples were taken at 0, 1, 4 and 8 h after treatment. There were no consistent differences in physiological measurements among the 5 groups. Mean serum @entity1 concentrations did not differ among Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 at the 4 sampling times except at I h between Groups 4 and 5. The area under the curve for serum @entity1 concentrations did not differ among the treatment groups. Activated charcoal did not alter the extent of @entity1 absorption in the experimental model.

title: Activated charcoal and the absorption of @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The 2013 clinical practice guidelines for the management of @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity3 in adult @entity0 in the ICU suggest that @entity2 be routinely assessed using a validated @entity2 assessment tool. Currently available tools have only been evaluated in nondelirious @entity5 @entity0 , yet @entity3 can affect as many as 80% of ICU @entity0 . The validated @entity2 assessment tool adopted by our institution is the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool, and the objective of this study was to investigate the validity of this tool in @entity0 with evidence of @entity3 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Two ICUs within a Canadian tertiary healthcare center. @entity0 : Forty consecutive adult @entity0 deemed delirious on the day of enrollment using the Confusion Assessment Method for ICU. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Serial Critical Care Pain Observation Tool assessments were conducted simultaneously by study personnel and objective nurses at baseline and after nonpainful and @entity2 stimuli. Subjective opinions about @entity2 and objective physical variables (including mean arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and @entity1 saturation) were collected at the same time points. Discriminant validity was described using paired t tests, whereas internal consistency was described using the Cronbach a statistic. Responsiveness of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool was measured by effect size, and reliability was described as the agreement between raters. Comparisons between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and the subjective assessments and objective measurements were based on positive and negative percent agreement. Critical Care Pain Observation Tool demonstrated excellent discriminant validity as evidenced by a highly statistically and clinically significant change in mean Critical Care Pain Observation Tool scores between baseline and @entity2 procedures (mean difference, 3.13        1.56; p < 0.001; Cohen D, 2.0). Interrater agreement was also excellent (k > 0.6), and scores between raters were highly correlated (r = 0.957). The Critical Care Pain Observation Tool possessed a high level of internal consistency (overall Cronbach a, 0.778). Percent agreement was found to be greater between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and the nurse's subjective opinion of the presence or absence of @entity2 when compared with that between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and physiologic variables (80.5% vs 67.5%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The Critical Care Pain Observation Tool is a valid @entity2 assessment tool in noncomatose, delirious adult ICU @entity0 who are unable to reliably self-report the presence or absence of @entity2 .

title: Validation of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool in XXXX @entity0 With @entity3 : A Prospective Cohort Study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The 2013 clinical practice guidelines for the management of @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity3 in adult @entity0 in the ICU suggest that @entity2 be routinely assessed using a validated @entity2 assessment tool. Currently available tools have only been evaluated in nondelirious @entity5 @entity0 , yet @entity3 can affect as many as 80% of ICU @entity0 . The validated @entity2 assessment tool adopted by our institution is the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool, and the objective of this study was to investigate the validity of this tool in @entity0 with evidence of @entity3 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Two ICUs within a Canadian tertiary healthcare center. @entity0 : Forty consecutive adult @entity0 deemed delirious on the day of enrollment using the Confusion Assessment Method for ICU. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Serial Critical Care Pain Observation Tool assessments were conducted simultaneously by study personnel and objective nurses at baseline and after nonpainful and @entity2 stimuli. Subjective opinions about @entity2 and objective physical variables (including mean arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and @entity1 saturation) were collected at the same time points. Discriminant validity was described using paired t tests, whereas internal consistency was described using the Cronbach a statistic. Responsiveness of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool was measured by effect size, and reliability was described as the agreement between raters. Comparisons between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and the subjective assessments and objective measurements were based on positive and negative percent agreement. Critical Care Pain Observation Tool demonstrated excellent discriminant validity as evidenced by a highly statistically and clinically significant change in mean Critical Care Pain Observation Tool scores between baseline and @entity2 procedures (mean difference, 3.13        1.56; p < 0.001; Cohen D, 2.0). Interrater agreement was also excellent (k > 0.6), and scores between raters were highly correlated (r = 0.957). The Critical Care Pain Observation Tool possessed a high level of internal consistency (overall Cronbach a, 0.778). Percent agreement was found to be greater between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and the nurse's subjective opinion of the presence or absence of @entity2 when compared with that between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and physiologic variables (80.5% vs 67.5%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The Critical Care Pain Observation Tool is a valid @entity2 assessment tool in noncomatose, delirious adult ICU @entity0 who are unable to reliably self-report the presence or absence of @entity2 .

title: Validation of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool in @entity5 @entity0 With XXXX : A Prospective Cohort Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The 2013 clinical practice guidelines for the management of @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity3 in adult @entity0 in the ICU suggest that @entity2 be routinely assessed using a validated @entity2 assessment tool. Currently available tools have only been evaluated in nondelirious @entity5 @entity0 , yet @entity3 can affect as many as 80% of ICU @entity0 . The validated @entity2 assessment tool adopted by our institution is the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool, and the objective of this study was to investigate the validity of this tool in @entity0 with evidence of @entity3 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Two ICUs within a Canadian tertiary healthcare center. @entity0 : Forty consecutive adult @entity0 deemed delirious on the day of enrollment using the Confusion Assessment Method for ICU. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Serial Critical Care Pain Observation Tool assessments were conducted simultaneously by study personnel and objective nurses at baseline and after nonpainful and @entity2 stimuli. Subjective opinions about @entity2 and objective physical variables (including mean arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and @entity1 saturation) were collected at the same time points. Discriminant validity was described using paired t tests, whereas internal consistency was described using the Cronbach a statistic. Responsiveness of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool was measured by effect size, and reliability was described as the agreement between raters. Comparisons between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and the subjective assessments and objective measurements were based on positive and negative percent agreement. Critical Care Pain Observation Tool demonstrated excellent discriminant validity as evidenced by a highly statistically and clinically significant change in mean Critical Care Pain Observation Tool scores between baseline and @entity2 procedures (mean difference, 3.13        1.56; p < 0.001; Cohen D, 2.0). Interrater agreement was also excellent (k > 0.6), and scores between raters were highly correlated (r = 0.957). The Critical Care Pain Observation Tool possessed a high level of internal consistency (overall Cronbach a, 0.778). Percent agreement was found to be greater between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and the nurse's subjective opinion of the presence or absence of @entity2 when compared with that between the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool and physiologic variables (80.5% vs 67.5%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The Critical Care Pain Observation Tool is a valid @entity2 assessment tool in noncomatose, delirious adult ICU @entity0 who are unable to reliably self-report the presence or absence of @entity2 .

title: Validation of the Critical Care Pain Observation Tool in @entity5 XXXX With @entity3 : A Prospective Cohort Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To comprehend the clinical characteristics and treatment of @entity4 . METHODS: The clinical data of 71 @entity0 with @entity4 , admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital from February 1982 to February 2002, were analyzed. RESULTS: 57 of the 71 cases were @entity3 . Among the 57 cases, 33 were @entity3 , 22 @entity3 and 2 @entity5 .The remaining 14 cases were @entity4 .82% of the @entity0 with @entity3 showed abnormalities in Doppler echocardiography. The positive rate of biopsy of subcutaneous fat and gingiva was 80.0% and 87.5% respectively. The treatment of @entity3 was chemotherapy, and that of @entity4 was observation or localized excision. 15 @entity3 @entity0 died during hospitalization, mainly due to @entity2 . CONCLUSION: As treatment and prognosis are different between local and @entity3 , the distinction between them is very important. Biopsy of abdominal fat and gingival is a useful and safe procedure to identify @entity0 with @entity1 . Doppler echocardiography examination is also helpful for the diagnosis.

title: [A clinical analysis of 71 cases of XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is commonly evaluated in medico-legal practice. With the aim of knowing the determining factors of @entity6 's medico-legal prognosis, a prospective and observational study was carried out. @entity0 AND METHOD: One hundred and twenty consecutive @entity0 who were clinically observed and evaluated in the Medico-Legal Clinic of Barcelona were studied. Socio-demographic, clinical, radiographic and evolutive factors were analyzed. RESULTS: We included 120 @entity0 with a mean age of 35.6 (14) years (range, 4-74), with a homogeneous male/female distribution. An earlier cervical pathology was detected in 10% of @entity0 ; none of them had previous @entity2 pathology. 95% corresponded to road-traffic accident cases and there were 5 aggression cases. Over 50% of cases involved @entity3 . All @entity0 had @entity5 , almost 25% had @entity1 and 13% had @entity4 . According to the Whiplash Association Disorders clinical classification, distribution in grades (G) was: G I 51%, G II 32% and G III 17%. @entity0 reported recovery within a mean time of 71.6 (46) days (range, 4-244), with 51,2 (45) no working days (range, 0-180 days). The 52% of the @entity0 rest with complains. According to the recovery time, the following medico-legal prognostic factors were identified: age (p < 0.001), being female (p = 0.001), clinical grade (p < 0.001) and abnormal cervical MRI exploration (p < 0.001). @entity0 with previous cervical pathology reported more complaints (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, @entity6 affected young @entity0 of both sex mainly during rear-end collision. Worst medico-legal prognostic factors were age, being females, severity of initial clinical symptoms, previous cervical pathology and abnormal cervical MRI/CT.

title: [Relevant factors in medico-legal prognosis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: Expression of the pyrBI operon of @entity4 , which encodes the subunits of the @entity6 biosynthetic enzyme @entity0 transcarbamylase, is negatively regulated by the intracellular levels of @entity2 . Previous experiments suggested a unique model for regulation of operon expression in which low @entity2 levels cause close coupling of transcription and translation of the pyrBI leader region. This close coupling suppresses transcriptional termination at an attenuator preceding the structural genes. In this study, we examined the regulatory role of translation and attenuation in operon expression. To determine whether the leader region is translated, we constructed a plasmid, designated pBHM17, in which the pyrBI promoter(s) and the first 11 codons for a putative 44- @entity1 leader polypeptide are fused to codon 9 of lacZ. A transformant carrying this plasmid synthesized a beta-galactosidase fusion protein with the @entity3 -terminal sequence of the leader polypeptide, demonstrating that the signals required for leader polypeptide synthesis function in vivo. Synthesis of the fusion protein was nearly insensitive to @entity6 availability. In @entity5 -grown cells, the level of fusion protein synthesis encoded by plasmid pBHM17 was much greater than that encoded by a similar plasmid containing a pyrB::lacZ gene fusion, in which the pyrBI promoter-regulatory region is intact. These results indicate that the downstream leader sequence which includes the attenuator is required for regulation and functions as a transcriptional barrier. Oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis was used to change the ATG leader polypeptide initiation codon of the intact pyrBI operon to ACG, which was shown to strongly inhibit translational initiation. This mutation greatly reduced operon expression and regulation as predicted by the attenuation control model.

title: Role of translation and attenuation in the control of pyrBI operon expression in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine whether @entity1 care directed by nurses following detailed protocols and algorithms and supervised by a diabetologist results in meeting the evidence-based American @entity1 Association (ADA) process and outcome measures more often than care directed under usual care in a minority population. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Studies were mainly conducted in two Los Angeles County clinics. In clinic A, nurse-directed @entity1 care was provided to 252 @entity0 (92% Hispanic and 2% African-American) referred by their primary care providers. These @entity0 were hierarchically matched with 252 @entity1 @entity0 in clinic B (79% Hispanic and 19% African American). When nurse-directed care was abruptly discontinued in clinic A for administrative reasons, it was reestablished in clinic B. Those @entity0 were randomly selected from a teaching clinic, and the outcomes in 114 @entity0 who completed 1 year were compared with outcomes derived the year before receiving nurses' care. The following process and outcome measures were assessed in the study: 1) number of visits, 2) @entity1 education, 3) nutritional counseling, 4) HbA(1c), 5) lipid profiles, 6) eye exams, 7) foot exams, 8) renal evaluations, and 9) ACE inhibitor therapy in appropriate @entity0 . RESULTS: For @entity0 under nurse-directed @entity1 care in both clinics A and B, almost all process measures were carried out significantly more frequently than for the appropriate control @entity0 . Under the care of nurses in clinic A, HbA(1c) levels fell 3.5% from 13.3 to 9.8% in the 120 @entity0 who were followed for at least 6 months, as compared with a 1.5% fall from 12.3 to 10.8% under usual (physician-directed) care in clinic B. During the year before enrolling in nurse-directed care in clinic B, mean HbA(1c) levels decreased from 10.0 to 8.5%. At the end of a year under the nurses' care, the values fell further to 7.1%. The median value fell from 8.3 to 6.6%. CONCLUSIONS: Specially trained nurses who follow detailed protocols and algorithms under the supervision of a diabetologist can markedly improve @entity1 outcomes in a minority population. This approach could help blunt the increased morbidity and mortality noted in minority populations.

title: Effect of nurse-directed XXXX care in a minority population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8 (synthetic exendin-4; exenatide) is a peptide that enhances @entity4 -dependent insulin secretion, suppresses inappropriately elevated glucagon secretion, and slows gastric emptying. @entity8 also promotes beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis in vitro and in animal models. This study examines the activity and safety of subcutaneously injected @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 currently treated with diet and/or oral antidiabetic agents (OAAs). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 109 @entity0 treated with diet and a @entity6 and/or @entity5 were enrolled in a blinded study. @entity0 were randomly assigned to one of three subcutaneously (SC) injected regimens of @entity8 (0.08 micro g/kg) or placebo for 28 days. RESULTS: All three @entity8 regimens led to significant reductions in serum @entity7 relative to placebo (P <or= 0.004). Mean reductions ranged from 39 to 46 micro mol/l. All @entity8 groups had reductions in HbA(1c) ranging from 0.7 to 1.1% (P <or= 0.006). An end-of-study HbA(1c) <7% was achieved by 15% of @entity8 @entity0 versus 4% of placebo @entity0 , confirming @entity8 effects on fasting and postprandial glycemia. On days 14 and 28, the beta-cell index (homeostasis model assessment) for @entity0 treated with @entity8 was 50-100% higher than baseline, contrasting with unchanged levels for placebo. The most common adverse event was transient mild-to-moderate @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 is a promising therapeutic for @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . In this study, it had significant effects on HbA(1c) levels in @entity0 not currently achieving optimal @entity4 control with diet and/or OAAs.

title: Effect on glycemic control of exenatide (synthetic exendin-4) additive to existing @entity5 and/or XXXX treatment in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8 (synthetic exendin-4; exenatide) is a peptide that enhances @entity4 -dependent insulin secretion, suppresses inappropriately elevated glucagon secretion, and slows gastric emptying. @entity8 also promotes beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis in vitro and in animal models. This study examines the activity and safety of subcutaneously injected @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 currently treated with diet and/or oral antidiabetic agents (OAAs). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 109 @entity0 treated with diet and a @entity6 and/or @entity5 were enrolled in a blinded study. @entity0 were randomly assigned to one of three subcutaneously (SC) injected regimens of @entity8 (0.08 micro g/kg) or placebo for 28 days. RESULTS: All three @entity8 regimens led to significant reductions in serum @entity7 relative to placebo (P <or= 0.004). Mean reductions ranged from 39 to 46 micro mol/l. All @entity8 groups had reductions in HbA(1c) ranging from 0.7 to 1.1% (P <or= 0.006). An end-of-study HbA(1c) <7% was achieved by 15% of @entity8 @entity0 versus 4% of placebo @entity0 , confirming @entity8 effects on fasting and postprandial glycemia. On days 14 and 28, the beta-cell index (homeostasis model assessment) for @entity0 treated with @entity8 was 50-100% higher than baseline, contrasting with unchanged levels for placebo. The most common adverse event was transient mild-to-moderate @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 is a promising therapeutic for @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . In this study, it had significant effects on HbA(1c) levels in @entity0 not currently achieving optimal @entity4 control with diet and/or OAAs.

title: Effect on glycemic control of exenatide (synthetic exendin-4) additive to existing @entity5 and/or @entity6 treatment in @entity0 with XXXX 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8 (synthetic exendin-4; exenatide) is a peptide that enhances @entity4 -dependent insulin secretion, suppresses inappropriately elevated glucagon secretion, and slows gastric emptying. @entity8 also promotes beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis in vitro and in animal models. This study examines the activity and safety of subcutaneously injected @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 currently treated with diet and/or oral antidiabetic agents (OAAs). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 109 @entity0 treated with diet and a @entity6 and/or @entity5 were enrolled in a blinded study. @entity0 were randomly assigned to one of three subcutaneously (SC) injected regimens of @entity8 (0.08 micro g/kg) or placebo for 28 days. RESULTS: All three @entity8 regimens led to significant reductions in serum @entity7 relative to placebo (P <or= 0.004). Mean reductions ranged from 39 to 46 micro mol/l. All @entity8 groups had reductions in HbA(1c) ranging from 0.7 to 1.1% (P <or= 0.006). An end-of-study HbA(1c) <7% was achieved by 15% of @entity8 @entity0 versus 4% of placebo @entity0 , confirming @entity8 effects on fasting and postprandial glycemia. On days 14 and 28, the beta-cell index (homeostasis model assessment) for @entity0 treated with @entity8 was 50-100% higher than baseline, contrasting with unchanged levels for placebo. The most common adverse event was transient mild-to-moderate @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 is a promising therapeutic for @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . In this study, it had significant effects on HbA(1c) levels in @entity0 not currently achieving optimal @entity4 control with diet and/or OAAs.

title: Effect on glycemic control of exenatide (synthetic exendin-4) additive to existing @entity5 and/or @entity6 treatment in @entity0 with @entity2 2 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8 (synthetic exendin-4; exenatide) is a peptide that enhances @entity4 -dependent insulin secretion, suppresses inappropriately elevated glucagon secretion, and slows gastric emptying. @entity8 also promotes beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis in vitro and in animal models. This study examines the activity and safety of subcutaneously injected @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 currently treated with diet and/or oral antidiabetic agents (OAAs). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 109 @entity0 treated with diet and a @entity6 and/or @entity5 were enrolled in a blinded study. @entity0 were randomly assigned to one of three subcutaneously (SC) injected regimens of @entity8 (0.08 micro g/kg) or placebo for 28 days. RESULTS: All three @entity8 regimens led to significant reductions in serum @entity7 relative to placebo (P <or= 0.004). Mean reductions ranged from 39 to 46 micro mol/l. All @entity8 groups had reductions in HbA(1c) ranging from 0.7 to 1.1% (P <or= 0.006). An end-of-study HbA(1c) <7% was achieved by 15% of @entity8 @entity0 versus 4% of placebo @entity0 , confirming @entity8 effects on fasting and postprandial glycemia. On days 14 and 28, the beta-cell index (homeostasis model assessment) for @entity0 treated with @entity8 was 50-100% higher than baseline, contrasting with unchanged levels for placebo. The most common adverse event was transient mild-to-moderate @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 is a promising therapeutic for @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . In this study, it had significant effects on HbA(1c) levels in @entity0 not currently achieving optimal @entity4 control with diet and/or OAAs.

title: Effect on glycemic control of exenatide (synthetic exendin-4) additive to existing XXXX and/or @entity6 treatment in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8 (synthetic exendin-4; exenatide) is a peptide that enhances @entity4 -dependent insulin secretion, suppresses inappropriately elevated glucagon secretion, and slows gastric emptying. @entity8 also promotes beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis in vitro and in animal models. This study examines the activity and safety of subcutaneously injected @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 currently treated with diet and/or oral antidiabetic agents (OAAs). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 109 @entity0 treated with diet and a @entity6 and/or @entity5 were enrolled in a blinded study. @entity0 were randomly assigned to one of three subcutaneously (SC) injected regimens of @entity8 (0.08 micro g/kg) or placebo for 28 days. RESULTS: All three @entity8 regimens led to significant reductions in serum @entity7 relative to placebo (P <or= 0.004). Mean reductions ranged from 39 to 46 micro mol/l. All @entity8 groups had reductions in HbA(1c) ranging from 0.7 to 1.1% (P <or= 0.006). An end-of-study HbA(1c) <7% was achieved by 15% of @entity8 @entity0 versus 4% of placebo @entity0 , confirming @entity8 effects on fasting and postprandial glycemia. On days 14 and 28, the beta-cell index (homeostasis model assessment) for @entity0 treated with @entity8 was 50-100% higher than baseline, contrasting with unchanged levels for placebo. The most common adverse event was transient mild-to-moderate @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 is a promising therapeutic for @entity0 with @entity2 2 @entity1 . In this study, it had significant effects on HbA(1c) levels in @entity0 not currently achieving optimal @entity4 control with diet and/or OAAs.

title: Effect on glycemic control of exenatide (synthetic exendin-4) additive to existing @entity5 and/or @entity6 treatment in XXXX with @entity2 2 @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Single-step selections were used to obtain @entity3 ovary cell lines resistant to Colcemid and @entity4 . @entity2 was included in the selections to circumvent the isolation of cells with P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance and thereby enrich for cells with tubulin alterations. The isolated cell lines were 2-fold resistant to the selecting drug, exhibited cross-resistance to other drugs that inhibit microtubule assembly, and had enhanced sensitivity to the microtubule-stabilizing drug @entity1 . The concomitant resistance to microtubule-destabilizing drugs and enhanced sensitivity to @entity1 suggested that these cell lines have changes in microtubule assembly. Consistent with this interpretation, drug-resistant cell lines exhibited altered alpha- or beta-tubulin mobility on two-dimensional gels and higher levels (47-54%) of assembled tubulin compared with wild-type (39%) or @entity1 -resistant cells (25%). Some drug-resistant cells also had bundled microtubules as judged by immunofluorescence. Genomic sequencing of 11 drug-resistant cell lines predicted five different alterations ( @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity9 , and @entity10 ) in beta-tubulin and four different alterations ( @entity11 , @entity12 , @entity13 , and @entity5 ) in alpha-tubulin. The @entity0 substitutions are dispersed on the primary and tertiary structures of tubulin and, together with the other mutant properties, argue against a mechanism involving changes in drug binding. Rather, we propose that the alterations in alpha- and beta-tubulin increase microtubule stability by promoting longitudinal interdimer and intradimer interactions and/or lateral interactions between protofilaments. This enhanced stability of microtubules increases their resistance to drugs that inhibit assembly.

title: Mutations in alpha- and beta-tubulin that stabilize microtubules and confer resistance to colcemid and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The study indicates that nurses can affect stress and drug use in addicted @entity0 . At the 8-week posttest, daily drug cost and daily @entity1 costs had gone down for the experimental group. However, at the 6-month posttest, daily drug cost and daily @entity1 cost for the experimental group increased, although it did not reach its initial pre-intervention levels. The increase in drug costs at 6-month followup is probably a result of the lack of nursing intervention after the 8-week period. Interestingly, both the drug costs and @entity1 costs of the control group went down at 6 months. In other words, the control group decreased use also, only at a slower pace. What accounted for this decrease in use by the control group at 6 months? Several speculations are offered. The single Personalized Nursing Intervention counseling in the ER may have had an impact on the client. Controls who had had the single intervention in the ER were receptive to followup and were easily found. (Originally the single intervention in the ER was not part of the design. However, about 20 clients who had not had Personalized Nursing Intervention in the ER but who just answered the initial questionnaire were never found for followup. Because of the followup and ethical considerations, project staff members instituted the single ER intervention.) Another speculation is that of "burnout," a phenomenon that can be seen in both experimental and control groups. The mean age of the total population was 28.5, number of times arrested was 7.25, and age at first drug use was 16. It appeared that the following factors evoked a desire for change in these @entity0 : 1) leading a drug lifestyle for so many years, 2) the approach of age 30, 3) entrance into adolescence of their own @entity0 , and 4) the ER episode. Personalized Nursing Intervention could be considered a catalyst toward lifestyle change. Examination of daily drug cost and the Ireton emotional distress score showed trends indicating that the experimentals with network participation made larger gains than the control group or experimentals without networks. Further study on the use of client networks in treatment is indicated.

title: Personalized nursing: an effective intervention model for use with drug-dependent XXXX in an emergency room.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In 35 pancreatectomized @entity1 , the donor pancreatic tail was transplanted by end-to-side anastomoses between the portal vein and the celiac axis to the femoral vessels of the host. To influence the exocrine pancreas secretion of the graft we applied different methods of drainage of the pancreatic duct: open drainage to the abdominal cavity (Group I, n = 15), occlusion of the duct by @entity4 (Group II, n = 12) and by Ethibloc (Group III, n = 8). Main complications were rejection crisis and @entity3 . Segmental pancreas allografts were rejected in group I within about 34 days, in group II within about 11 days, in group III within about 13 days. The fasting blood @entity2 levels in all 3 groups returned to normal 2 days after transplantation. Better results were achieved in the open-duct and Ethibloc-occluded grafts. 3 weeks after transplantation, a delayed and diminished increase of insulin concentration after @entity2 stimulation was observed compared to the @entity1 of the control group. Peak insulin values were significantly higher (p 0.01) in group I compared to group II. Histologically acinar atrophy with replacement by fibrous tissue occurred in all groups after 2 weeks. The least severe histological changes were observed in group II. The best results were achieved by the open-duct technique, whereas the occlusion groups showed a high rate of early complications like rejection, @entity0 and @entity3 .

title: [Allogeneic segmental heterotopic pancreas transplantation in the XXXX with reference to various drainage technics].

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Sudden unexplained death in childhood (SUDC), while rare, accounts for an important fraction of unexpected deaths in @entity0 >1  year of age. Previously we reported an association between @entity1 , hippocampal maldevelopment, and sudden, unexpected deaths in young @entity0 (1-6  years), termed "hippocampal maldevelopment associated with @entity3 (HMASD)." Here, we characterize in greater detail the hippocampal pathology in a large cohort of cases (n  =  42) of this entity, and attempt to define possible new entities responsible for sudden, unexplained death in young @entity0 without HMASD/ @entity1 phenotypes. METHODS: We performed comparative analysis on cases, which we classified in a cohort of 89 sudden and unexpected deaths as HMASD, explained deaths, SUDC with @entity1 phenotype (SUDC-FS) but without hippocampal pathology, and SUDC (without hippocampal pathology or @entity1 phenotype). RESULTS: The frequency of each subgroup was: HMASD 48  % (40/83); SUDC 27  % (22/83); SUDC-FS 18  % (15/83); explained 7  % (6/83). HMASD was characterized clinically by sudden, sleep-related death, term birth, and discovery in the prone position. Key morphologic features of HMASD were focal granule cell bilamination of the dentate gyrus with or without asymmetry and/or malrotation of the hippocampus, associated with significantly increased frequencies of 11 other @entity2 . We identified no other distinct phenotype in the unexplained categories, except for an association of @entity1 without hippocampal maldevelopment. CONCLUSIONS: HMASD is a distinct clinicopathologic entity characterized by a likely developmental failure of neuronal migration in the dentate gyrus. Future research is needed to determine the causal role of HMASD in @entity3 in early childhood.

title: Hippocampal malformation associated with XXXX in early childhood: a neuropathologic study : Part 2 of the investigations of The San Diego SUDC Research Project.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Fibronectin/integrin-mediated signaling plays a key role in the regulation of adhesion, migration and metastasis of @entity0 . Numerous studies have addressed the significance of the association between integrin and @entity3 , but the exact mechanism is unclear. Results from laboratories, including ours, have demonstrated that PKA inhibits the activity and function of @entity3 . This study was designed to investigate the relationships among the fibronectin/integrin-, @entity1 /PKA- and @entity3 -mediated intracellular signal transduction pathways. Rho activity was detected by pull-down assay. @entity1 concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay. The distribution of the PKA catalytic subunit and the phosphorylation of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were detected by fluorescence microscopy and Western blotting, respectively, to examine the activation of PKA. @entity1 -mediated gene expression activity was analyzed using a luciferase reporter gene assay. The results revealed that, in SGC-7901 cells, soluble fibronectin increased @entity3 activity and blocked the inhibition of @entity3 activity by @entity1 /PKA. The @entity1 level, which was increased by @entity2 and pertussis toxin, was decreased by fibronectin. The nuclear location of the PKA catalytic unit, the phosphorylation of @entity4 and @entity1 response element (CRE)-directed reporter gene expression induced by @entity2 were blocked by fibronectin. However, fibronectin did not block @entity4 phosphorylation or CRE-directed reporter gene expression induced by @entity1 . These data suggest that fibronectin/integrin induces @entity3 activation through the inhibition of @entity1 /PKA signal transduction. The possible point of action of fibronectin/integrin is adenylate cyclase.

title: Fibronectin increases XXXX activity through inhibition of PKA in the human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of balneotherapy in @entity2 management. Fifty @entity0 with @entity2 under pharmacological treatment were randomly assigned to either the balneotherapy (25) or the control (25) group. Four @entity0 from the balneotherapy group and one @entity0 from the control group left the study after randomization. The @entity0 in the balneotherapy group (21) had 2 thermomineral water baths daily for 2 weeks in Tuzla Spa Center. The @entity0 in the control group (24) continued to have their medical treatment and routine daily life. An investigator who was blinded to the study arms assessed the @entity0 . All @entity0 were assessed four times; at the beginning of the study, at the end of the 2nd week, the 1st month, and the 3rd month after balneotherapy. Outcome measures of the study were @entity1 intensity, @entity2 Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Beck @entity3 Inventory (BDI), @entity0 's global assessment, investigator's global assessment, SF-36 scores, and tender point count. Balneotherapy was found to be superior at the end of the cure period in terms of @entity1 intensity, FIQ, Beck @entity3 Inventory, @entity0 's global assessment, investigator's global assessment scores, and tender point count as compared to the control group. The superiority of balneotherapy lasted up to the end of the 3rd month, except for the Beck @entity3 Inventory score and the investigator's global assessment score. Significant improvements were observed in PF, GH, and @entity4 subscales of SF-36 during the study period in the balneotherapy group; however, no such improvement was observed in the control group. Balneotherapy was superior only in VT subscale at the end of therapy and at the end of the third month after the therapy as compared to the controls. It was concluded that balneotherapy provides beneficial effects in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Balneotherapy in XXXX : a single blind randomized controlled clinical study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical outcomes of @entity2 laser treatment at a large Australian ophthalmic hospital. METHODS: A retrospective medical record review of all @entity0 who had initial laser treatment for @entity2 at the Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital from January 1997 to December 1998. RESULTS: The study included 322 eyes from 203 @entity0 . The mean age was 65.8 years (range 18-89) and the mean follow up was 18 months (range 2-33). Focal photocoagulation treatment alone was performed in 238 eyes. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) resolved in 218 (91.6%) eyes. Vision was improved or maintained in 137 (57.6%) eyes. Moderate @entity3 occurred in 49 (20.6%) eyes. Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) was performed in 84 eyes, including 37 eyes with PRP alone and 47 eyes with PRP and focal together. Neovascularization regressed in 55 (65.5%) eyes. Vision was improved or maintained in 52 (61.9%) eyes. Moderate @entity3 was observed in 20 (23.8%) eyes and severe @entity3 was observed in 4 (4.8%) eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical outcomes reported here are similar to those reported in other studies.

title: Clinical outcomes following laser photocoagulation treatment for XXXX at a large Australian ophthalmic hospital.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbance, @entity2 , and @entity1 are among the most prevalent symptoms reported by @entity0 during pregnancy. However, available data on the association between @entity1 and symptoms of @entity2 and @entity1 in pregnant @entity0 are sparse and methodological limitations have been acknowledged. The purpose of the study was to examine objective and self-reported @entity1 and symptoms of @entity2 and @entity1 in a group of healthy pregnant @entity0 . METHODS: A total of 274 third-trimester pregnant @entity0 wore a wrist actigraph continuously for 7 days to assess objective sleep quality and quantity. Self-reported sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), with self-reported poor sleep quality defined as a PSQI score more than 5. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies- @entity2 Scale (CES-D) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used to evaluate symptoms of @entity2 and @entity1 , respectively. RESULTS: Sixty-four (23.4%) @entity0 were at risk for clinical @entity2 and 69 (25.2%) had @entity1 . Risk of clinically meaningful depressive symptomatology was significantly increased in @entity0 with objective total nighttime sleep less than 6 hours (OR 2.53 [95% CI 1.26-5.08]) and self-reported poor sleep quality (OR 3.31 [95% CI 1.74-6.30]), even after multiple adjustment. Neither objective nor self-reported @entity1 increased @entity1 in this group of pregnant @entity0 . DISCUSSION: Both objective nighttime sleep less than 6 hours and self-reported poor sleep quality in healthy third-trimester pregnant @entity0 is associated with significant risks for clinical @entity2 . Improving sleep would likely be associated with a reduction in @entity2 symptom severity and an attenuation of the prevalence of @entity2 in pregnant @entity0 .

title: Sleep Disturbances and Symptoms of XXXX and Daytime Sleepiness in Pregnant @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Sleep disturbance, @entity2 , and @entity1 are among the most prevalent symptoms reported by @entity0 during pregnancy. However, available data on the association between @entity1 and symptoms of @entity2 and @entity1 in pregnant @entity0 are sparse and methodological limitations have been acknowledged. The purpose of the study was to examine objective and self-reported @entity1 and symptoms of @entity2 and @entity1 in a group of healthy pregnant @entity0 . METHODS: A total of 274 third-trimester pregnant @entity0 wore a wrist actigraph continuously for 7 days to assess objective sleep quality and quantity. Self-reported sleep quality was assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), with self-reported poor sleep quality defined as a PSQI score more than 5. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies- @entity2 Scale (CES-D) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale were used to evaluate symptoms of @entity2 and @entity1 , respectively. RESULTS: Sixty-four (23.4%) @entity0 were at risk for clinical @entity2 and 69 (25.2%) had @entity1 . Risk of clinically meaningful depressive symptomatology was significantly increased in @entity0 with objective total nighttime sleep less than 6 hours (OR 2.53 [95% CI 1.26-5.08]) and self-reported poor sleep quality (OR 3.31 [95% CI 1.74-6.30]), even after multiple adjustment. Neither objective nor self-reported @entity1 increased @entity1 in this group of pregnant @entity0 . DISCUSSION: Both objective nighttime sleep less than 6 hours and self-reported poor sleep quality in healthy third-trimester pregnant @entity0 is associated with significant risks for clinical @entity2 . Improving sleep would likely be associated with a reduction in @entity2 symptom severity and an attenuation of the prevalence of @entity2 in pregnant @entity0 .

title: Sleep Disturbances and Symptoms of @entity2 and Daytime Sleepiness in Pregnant XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is a potentially devastating complication after @entity4 and TKA. In the early postoperative period, clinicians often find nonspecific indicators of @entity2 . Although @entity3 may be a sign of a developing @entity2 in the early postoperative period, it may also be part of a normal surgical response. QUESTIONS AND PURPOSES: We determined (1) the natural history of white blood cell values after primary @entity4 and TKA, (2) factors associated with early @entity1 , and (3) the predictive value of white blood cell count for early postoperative @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Using our institutional database, we identified all @entity4 and TKA cases between January 2000 and December 2008. We determined the incidence of @entity3 and characterized the natural history of postoperative white blood cell counts. We then investigated potential indicators of @entity1 , including development of early @entity2 . RESULTS: The average postoperative white blood cell count increased to approximately 3   10(6) cells/ L over the first 2 postoperative days and then declined to a level slightly higher than the preoperative level by Postoperative Day 4. The incidence of @entity1 for all @entity0 was 38%. Factors associated with @entity1 included TKA, bilateral procedures, older age, and higher modified Charlson Comorbidity Index. The sensitivity and specificity of white blood cell count for diagnosing early @entity2 were 79% and 46%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 is common after @entity4 and TKA and represents a normal physiologic response to surgery. In the absence of abnormal clinical signs and symptoms, @entity1 may not warrant further workup for @entity2 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, diagnostic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

title: XXXX is common after total hip and knee arthroplasty.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare effects of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) on the @entity1 and corneal wound healing and to investigate the possible mechanism of corneal haze and myopic regression histopathologically. METHODS: Twenty-four New Zealand white @entity0 were allocated randomly to correct -4.00 and -8.00 diopters and were operated with PRK on right eyes and LASIK on left eyes. At 10 days and 1, 3, and 6 months, corneal haze was observed, refraction was evaluated, and 3 @entity0 were randomly selected for each time point to be enucleated, and corneas to be bisected. One half of each @entity1 was evaluated using transmission electron microscopy, and the other half was evaluated using either light microscopy or immunohistochemical staining for collagen type III, IV, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ). RESULTS: Different degrees of corneal haze and myopic regression were observed after PRK: the higher the desired myopic correction, the heavier the haze. Corneal wound healing response was greater and lasted longer after PRK than after LASIK. Various pathological findings such as @entity3 , basal membrane reforming and extracellular matrix deposits were found in the ablation zone and repair mechanisms were still active at 6 months after PRK. Whereas after LASIK, the interface between the flap and stromal bed was transparent except for growing epithelial plugs and lightly proliferating stroma coinciding with the flap margins. After both PRK and LASIK, all corneal cell types were consistently positive for @entity5 antibody during the corneal wound healing time. @entity5 antibody positivity decreased as the wound healing approached completion. The histopathological changes of corneal haze and myopic regression are as follows: @entity3 , basal membrane immaturity, anterior stromal keratocyte increase and activity, new collagen III production and irregular arrangement thereof, and @entity4 deposition in the extracellular matrix under the epithelium. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with PRK, LASIK ensures refractive stability with quick wound healing and minimal tissue proliferation resulting in a more promising corneal refractive surgery to correct @entity2 , especially more severe cases of @entity2 . The corneal wound healing especially the stromal healing is the key to the cause of haze and myopic regression. @entity5 may be involved in scar formation during wound healing by stimulating expression of collagen III and @entity4 and is believed to be an important regulating factor.

title: [Comparison of corneal wound healing of photorefractive keratectomy and laser in situ keratomileusis in XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: These parameters were developed by the Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters, representing the American Academy of @entity2 , Asthma _ Immunology (AAAAI); the American College of @entity2 , Asthma _ Immunology (ACAAI); and the Joint Council of @entity2 , Asthma and Immunology. The AAAAI and the ACAAI have jointly accepted responsibility for establishing "Stinging insect @entity1 : a practice parameter update II." Because this document incorporated the efforts of many @entity0 , no single individual, including those who served on the Joint Task Force, is authorized to provide an official AAAAI or ACAAI interpretation of these practice parameters. Any request for information about or an interpretation of these practice parameters by the AAAAI or the ACAAI should be directed to the Executive Offices of the AAAAI, the ACAAI, and the Joint Council of @entity2 , Asthma and Immunology. This is a complete and comprehensive document at the current time. The medical environment is a changing environment, and not all recommendations will be appropriate for all @entity0 . These parameters are not designed for use by pharmaceutical companies in drug promotion. The Joint Task Force understands that the cost of diagnostic tests and therapeutic agents is an important concern that may appropriately influence the work-up and treatment chosen for a given @entity0 . The Joint Task Force recognizes that the emphasis of our primary recommendations regarding a medication may vary, for example, depending on third party payer issues and product patent expiration dates. However, since a given test or agent's cost is so widely variable, and there is a paucity of pharmacoeconomic data, the Joint Task Force generally does not consider cost when formulating Practice Parameter recommendations. In extraordinary circumstances, when the cost benefit of an intervention is prohibitive as supported by pharmacoeconomic data, commentary may be provided.

title: Stinging insect XXXX : a practice parameter update 2011.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Normalization of basal thyrotrophin (TSH) level is used as the endpoint in @entity3 ( @entity4 ) therapy of @entity2 . However, several reports have questioned the reliability of this index because of seasonal variation of TSH. Therefore, we studied 85 consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 over a period of 3.5 y. In these @entity0 , TSH response (delta TSH) to intravenous thyrotrophin releasing hormone ( @entity1 ) administration was examined when basal TSH was normalized with @entity4 therapy. Eight @entity0 showed a blunted response (delta TSH less than 5 microU), whereas 27 @entity0 demonstrated an exaggerated response (delta TSH greater than 25 microU). Thus, 42% of @entity0 were apparently on inappropriate @entity4 dosage. These abnormal TSH responses normalized on adjusting the @entity4 dosage alone; prolonged therapy with the same dose failed to normalize TSH responses. Minor seasonal variations of basal TSH were observed in 30% of @entity0 . However, TSH response to @entity1 remained normal. Hence, no adjustment of @entity3 dose was required. This study, therefore, demonstrates that normalization of TSH response to @entity1 administration rather than basal TSH may be the best index of adequate @entity3 therapy in @entity2 .

title: Normal thyrotrophin response to intravenous thyrotrophin releasing hormone administration: the best index of optimal XXXX therapy in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Normalization of basal thyrotrophin (TSH) level is used as the endpoint in @entity3 ( @entity4 ) therapy of @entity2 . However, several reports have questioned the reliability of this index because of seasonal variation of TSH. Therefore, we studied 85 consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 over a period of 3.5 y. In these @entity0 , TSH response (delta TSH) to intravenous thyrotrophin releasing hormone ( @entity1 ) administration was examined when basal TSH was normalized with @entity4 therapy. Eight @entity0 showed a blunted response (delta TSH less than 5 microU), whereas 27 @entity0 demonstrated an exaggerated response (delta TSH greater than 25 microU). Thus, 42% of @entity0 were apparently on inappropriate @entity4 dosage. These abnormal TSH responses normalized on adjusting the @entity4 dosage alone; prolonged therapy with the same dose failed to normalize TSH responses. Minor seasonal variations of basal TSH were observed in 30% of @entity0 . However, TSH response to @entity1 remained normal. Hence, no adjustment of @entity3 dose was required. This study, therefore, demonstrates that normalization of TSH response to @entity1 administration rather than basal TSH may be the best index of adequate @entity3 therapy in @entity2 .

title: Normal thyrotrophin response to intravenous thyrotrophin releasing hormone administration: the best index of optimal @entity3 therapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The impact of age on @entity3 ( @entity3 ) outcome has been controversial; therefore, we analyzed the effect of age on @entity5 ( @entity5 ), distant @entity1 , prostate @entity2 (PCSD), and nonprostate @entity2 (NPCD) on @entity0 with locally advanced @entity3 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity0 who participated in four Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) phase III trials, 8531, 8610, 9202, and 9413, were studied. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for @entity5 analysis, and cumulative events analysis with Fine and Gray's regression was used for analyses of @entity1 , PCSD, and NPCD. RESULTS: Median follow-up of 4,128 @entity0 with median age of 70 (range, 43-88 years) was 7.3 years. Most @entity0 had high-risk disease: @entity6 to cT4 (54%) and Gleason scores (GS) of 7 (45%) and 8 to 10 (27%). Older age ( <=70 vs. >70 years) predicted for decreased @entity5 (10-year rate, 55% vs. 41%, respectively; p<0.0001) and increased NPCD (10-year rate, 28% vs. 46%, respectively; p<0.0001) but decreased @entity1 (10-year rate, 27% vs. 20%, respectively; p<0.0001) and PCSD (10-year rate, 18% vs. 14%, respectively; p<0.0001). To account for competing risks, outcomes were analyzed in 2-year intervals, and age-dependent differences in @entity1 and PCSD persisted, even in the earliest time periods. When adjusted for other covariates, an age of >70 years remained associated with decreased @entity5 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.56 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-1.70] p<0.0001) but with decreased @entity1 (HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.63-0.83] p<0.0001) and PCSD (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.66-0.92] p<0.0001). Finally, the impact of the duration of @entity4 deprivation therapy as a function of age was evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: These data support less aggressive @entity3 in older @entity0 , independent of other clinical features. While the biological underpinning of this finding remains unknown, stratification by age in future trials appears to be warranted.

title: Older age predicts decreased XXXX and prostate @entity2 for @entity0 treated with radiation therapy: meta-analysis of radiation therapy oncology group trials.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The impact of age on @entity3 ( @entity3 ) outcome has been controversial; therefore, we analyzed the effect of age on @entity5 ( @entity5 ), distant @entity1 , prostate @entity2 (PCSD), and nonprostate @entity2 (NPCD) on @entity0 with locally advanced @entity3 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity0 who participated in four Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) phase III trials, 8531, 8610, 9202, and 9413, were studied. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for @entity5 analysis, and cumulative events analysis with Fine and Gray's regression was used for analyses of @entity1 , PCSD, and NPCD. RESULTS: Median follow-up of 4,128 @entity0 with median age of 70 (range, 43-88 years) was 7.3 years. Most @entity0 had high-risk disease: @entity6 to cT4 (54%) and Gleason scores (GS) of 7 (45%) and 8 to 10 (27%). Older age ( <=70 vs. >70 years) predicted for decreased @entity5 (10-year rate, 55% vs. 41%, respectively; p<0.0001) and increased NPCD (10-year rate, 28% vs. 46%, respectively; p<0.0001) but decreased @entity1 (10-year rate, 27% vs. 20%, respectively; p<0.0001) and PCSD (10-year rate, 18% vs. 14%, respectively; p<0.0001). To account for competing risks, outcomes were analyzed in 2-year intervals, and age-dependent differences in @entity1 and PCSD persisted, even in the earliest time periods. When adjusted for other covariates, an age of >70 years remained associated with decreased @entity5 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.56 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-1.70] p<0.0001) but with decreased @entity1 (HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.63-0.83] p<0.0001) and PCSD (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.66-0.92] p<0.0001). Finally, the impact of the duration of @entity4 deprivation therapy as a function of age was evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: These data support less aggressive @entity3 in older @entity0 , independent of other clinical features. While the biological underpinning of this finding remains unknown, stratification by age in future trials appears to be warranted.

title: Older age predicts decreased @entity1 and prostate XXXX for @entity0 treated with radiation therapy: meta-analysis of radiation therapy oncology group trials.

answer: @entity2