abstract: INTRODUCTION: Infection of the central nervous system by @entity13 appears in most cases as acute @entity7 which is indistinguishable from other types of acute @entity7 . Rombencephalitis is a rare form of neurolisteriosis, localized to the brainstem. The initial non specific symptoms may make early diagnosis difficult. CASE REPORT: We describe the clinical case of a previously healthy @entity0 who had @entity13 infection localized to the brainstem. Her initial symptoms were @entity4 and @entity1 followed by signs of @entity12 , @entity11 and severe @entity10 which made mechanical ventilation necessary. Study of the cerebrospinal fluid showed lymphocytic pleocytosis, raised protein and normal @entity5 levels. @entity13 was isolated on blood culture. Cranial computerized tomography was normal and magnetic resonance showed a @entity3 . After receiving specific antibiotic treatment the infectious condition improved. However, the @entity2 started to improve when @entity6 was added to the antibiotic treatment twelve days later. The @entity0 was discharged from hospital with slight neurological sequelas. CONCLUSION: In a febrile @entity0 with signs of @entity12 , neurolisteriosis should be suspected and @entity9 and @entity8 added to the treatment. The possibility of acute @entity10 occurring makes it necessary to monitor these @entity0 closely. The association of @entity6 to the antibiotic treatment may be useful in some cases of rombencephalitis due to @entity13 .

title: [Rombencephalitis due to XXXX . Probable usefulness of @entity6 associated with antibiotic treatment].

answer: @entity13


abstract: A collaborative study of the humoral and cellular immune status of @entity0 with @entity3 of the @entity2 ( @entity5 ) was conducted at the West Virginia University (WVU) hospital. In addition, blind-coded serum panels were supplied on @entity5 @entity1 @entity0 being treated at the National @entity1 Institute (NCI). Serum protein analysis of the WVU study groups revealed that at the pretreatment sampling, the alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), total complement, and IgA levels were significantly elevated. The AGP levels and total complement levels declined to normal levels in the post-treatment period, whereas the IgA levels remained elevated throughout the entire observation period. Levels of serum immune complexes (SIC) were measured in both the WVU and NCI @entity5 @entity1 populations using the @entity6 ( @entity7 ) precipitation method. In both survey populations all @entity1 groups had significantly elevated levels of SIC when compared to any of the control populations. The SIC levels never returned to comparative normal values even in cases after successful treatment. A subpopulation of the @entity1 study group underwent a short course of @entity8 prior to their treatment regimen. These @entity0 demonstrated a transient decrease in their SIC levels as well as a concomitant increase in their in vitro cell-mediated immune (CMI) correlates. The analysis of in vitro CMI correlates of the WVU study group using both polyclonal mitogens and specific antigens demonstrated a significant @entity4 in these parameters pretreatment and post-treatment. In addition, it was observed that the time course for elevation of selected serum proteins (i.e., IgA and SIC) correlated with concomitant drops in CMI activity. Investigations were also conducted into the effects of immune complex-rich serum fractions upon selected in vitro CMI correlates. Significant blockage of a normal donor leukocyte migration-inhibition assay was demonstrated. Also, a similar inhibition of the ability of normal @entity0 lymphocytes to form high affinity rosettes was accomplished with serum from @entity5 @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Immune complexes, serum proteins, cell-mediated immunity, and immune regulation in @entity0 with squamous cell carcinoma of the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A collaborative study of the humoral and cellular immune status of @entity0 with @entity3 of the @entity2 ( @entity5 ) was conducted at the West Virginia University (WVU) hospital. In addition, blind-coded serum panels were supplied on @entity5 @entity1 @entity0 being treated at the National @entity1 Institute (NCI). Serum protein analysis of the WVU study groups revealed that at the pretreatment sampling, the alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP), total complement, and IgA levels were significantly elevated. The AGP levels and total complement levels declined to normal levels in the post-treatment period, whereas the IgA levels remained elevated throughout the entire observation period. Levels of serum immune complexes (SIC) were measured in both the WVU and NCI @entity5 @entity1 populations using the @entity6 ( @entity7 ) precipitation method. In both survey populations all @entity1 groups had significantly elevated levels of SIC when compared to any of the control populations. The SIC levels never returned to comparative normal values even in cases after successful treatment. A subpopulation of the @entity1 study group underwent a short course of @entity8 prior to their treatment regimen. These @entity0 demonstrated a transient decrease in their SIC levels as well as a concomitant increase in their in vitro cell-mediated immune (CMI) correlates. The analysis of in vitro CMI correlates of the WVU study group using both polyclonal mitogens and specific antigens demonstrated a significant @entity4 in these parameters pretreatment and post-treatment. In addition, it was observed that the time course for elevation of selected serum proteins (i.e., IgA and SIC) correlated with concomitant drops in CMI activity. Investigations were also conducted into the effects of immune complex-rich serum fractions upon selected in vitro CMI correlates. Significant blockage of a normal donor leukocyte migration-inhibition assay was demonstrated. Also, a similar inhibition of the ability of normal @entity0 lymphocytes to form high affinity rosettes was accomplished with serum from @entity5 @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Immune complexes, serum proteins, cell-mediated immunity, and immune regulation in XXXX with squamous cell carcinoma of the @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe the use of an art exhibit, created in response to @entity0 survivor stories, and additional supplementary activities to increase @entity2 awareness and provide support to those with @entity2 . DATA SOURCES: Published articles and books, personal experiences. DATA SYNTHESIS: Art has been used to educate and promote the expression of emotions. Using an art exhibit as the central feature, a planning committee composed of staff members and volunteers developed a repertoire of activities to improve @entity2 awareness and provide support to @entity2 survivors. Visitor and staff reactions to the event were profound. CONCLUSIONS: Art can capture the most intimate and personal aspects of the @entity2 experience. This event was a novel and effective way to increase awareness about the @entity2 experience. The event brought together @entity1 , family members, friends, staff members, and the community and facilitated new partnerships to help @entity1 with @entity2 . IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Nurses are well equipped to direct the therapeutic use of art and support the potential reactions of viewers. Nurses can promote the benefit of art exhibits for @entity2 education, support, and awareness and use their knowledge and skills in planning and implementing supplementary activities.

title: Stories of XXXX through art.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Case selection for surgery in @entity0 presenting with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is often difficult. A previous retrospective review identified five pre-operative risk factors associated with mortality [J Vasc Surg 23 (1996) 123]. In this study we aimed to identify whether these criteria could be usefully applied prospectively in @entity0 presenting with @entity1 . METHODS: All @entity0 presenting with @entity1 from October 2000 to December 2002 were included. The criteria were recorded with the time they were available and the time surgery commenced. The decision to operate was made on clinical grounds and no @entity0 was refused surgery on the basis of these criteria. RESULTS: One hundred consecutive @entity0 were studied, median age 75 (range 54-94). The @entity2 was 32.9% (26/79 @entity0 ). Surgical mortality increased with the number of positive criteria and was 8% (2/24), 24% (7/29), 55% (11/20) and 100% (6/6) for scores, 0, 1, 2 and > or =3, respectively. Age and conscious level were available in every @entity0 . However, an ECG, haemoglobin and creatinine results were only available in 94, 81, and 69%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The scoring system accurately predicted @entity2 . The score was available in the majority of cases and may help the surgeon give informed consent to @entity0 and relatives prior to surgical intervention.

title: Predicting outcome in XXXX : a prospective study of 100 consecutive cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the extent of the required neck dissection for @entity0 with persistent @entity6 after definitive radiation therapy for @entity1 . If feasible, a conservative approach using selective neck dissection would likely minimize the extent of neck @entity3 and other adverse sequelae. METHODS: Analysis of pretreatment and posttreatment radiologic scans and pathology reports of 76 @entity0 with @entity5 (35 tonsil; 41 base of tongue), who had radiologic evidence of persistent @entity2 for level-specific involvement. @entity0 were treated with twice-daily fractionations of external-beam radiation therapy (median dose, 76.8 Gy to the @entity1 ) and planned neck dissection (levels I-V) for bulky nodes (N2-3) or salvage neck dissection for N1 disease. RESULTS: The distribution of clinical @entity2 by neck level on the basis of pretreatment and posttreatment radiologic scans indicated levels II and III to be most commonly involved. The false-negative rate for the restaging radiologic scans for each neck level was as follows: level I, 0%; level II, 8%; level III, 6%; level IV, 5%; and level V, 1.5%. Of the eight hemi-necks found to contain positive pathologic nodes in a neck level judged to be negative on the basis of restaging scans, five of the @entity0 subsequently had disease recurrence in the primary site. @entity0 who had evidence of @entity4 had a significantly lower rate of locoregional control (77% vs 100%, p =.0005). CONCLUSIONS: The extent of neck dissection for @entity0 with @entity2 associated with @entity1 treated with radiation therapy should include levels II-IV. It is reasonable to spare levels I and V in @entity0 without radiologic and clinical evidence of positive nodes in levels I and V.

title: Neck level-specific nodal metastases in XXXX : is there a role for selective neck dissection after definitive radiation therapy?

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: @entity1 is a major public health problem because of its prevalence and clinical consequences. The first step of the treatment usually consists in restoring sinusal rhythm. The aim of this study is to evaluate results and predictive factors of success of electrical cardioversion. METHODS: We studied a series of 143 consecutive electric cardioversion preformed in 131 French @entity0 . RESULTS: The rate of successful direct current cardioversion was 91.2%. Negative predictive factors are the height body mass index and the age of @entity1 . @entity2 is a predictive factor of success. These results agree with published results. Our study highlights the interest of some nonantiarrhythmic drugs received by the @entity0 during the period before the direct current cardioversion. Thus, a @entity3 treatment appears to be a new predictive factor of the success of electrical cardioversion (success in @entity0 treated with @entity3 : 100% vs 89% without, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Our results agree with usual predictive factors of the success of cardioversion. Nevertheless, a new approach is that of the positive effect of @entity3 on cardioversion. A prospective randomized study is necessary to confirm this result.

title: [External electrical cardioversion of XXXX : predictive criteria of success].

answer: @entity1


abstract: To characterize the spectrum of pulsatile gonadotropin secretion during the course of the normal menstrual cycle, we studied normal @entity0 during 51 ovulatory cycles. Plasma gonadotropin concentrations were measured at 10-min intervals for 20-24 h during the early, mid-, and late follicular phases and the early, mid-, and late luteal phases. LH data series were analyzed using 2 different computer-assisted algorithms for pulse detection. The LH interpulse interval decreased during the follicular phase (FP) from 94 +/- 4 (+/- SEM) min in the early FP (EFP) to 71 +/- 4 min by the late FP (LFP; P less than 0.001). The estimation of LH pulse frequency in the EFP was significantly affected by slowing of episodic LH secretion during sleep. In the luteal phase (LP), the LH interpulse interval progressively increased from 103 +/- 8 min in the early LP (ELP) to 216 +/- 39 min by the late LP (LLP; P less than 0.001). Sleep-associated slowing of episodic LH secretion also occurred in the ELP. The mean LH pulse amplitude in the EFP (6.5 +/- 0.4 mIU/ml) decreased significantly by the midfollicular phase (MFP; 5.1 +/- 0.8 mIU/ml; P less than 0.05) and increased once again by the LFP (7.2 +/- 1.2 mIU/ml). LH pulse amplitude was highest in the ELP (14.9 +/- 1.7 mIU/ml), decreased by the midluteal phase (MLP) to 12.2 +/- 2.0 mIU/ml, and declined further by the LLP to 7.6 +/- 1.1 mIU/ml (P less than 0.001 vs. ELP). FSH secretion was significantly (P less than 0.05) correlated with LH secretion at time lags of 0-10 min in 82% of the studies. These results indicate the following. 1) In the EFP and ELP, the frequency of gonadotropin pulsations is reduced at night in association with sleep. 2) The frequency of LH secretion increases from the EFP to MFP and LFP. 3) LH pulse amplitude decreases in the MFP, suggesting enhanced negative feedback of @entity1 on the @entity4 and/or a decrease in @entity2 secretion at this stage. 4) A progressive reduction of LH pulse frequency and amplitude occurs during the LP which is correlated with the duration of exposure of the @entity4 to @entity3 . 5) A close relationship exists between secretion of LH and FSH, suggesting a common stimulatory factor for both gonadotropins.

title: Characterization of the physiological pattern of episodic gonadotropin secretion throughout the XXXX menstrual cycle.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Total pancreatectomy may be warranted in @entity0 with advanced chronic @entity7 in whom partial resection has failed and in those with end-stage pancreatic function. A new operation, duodenum- and spleen-preserving total pancreatectomy, is described. METHODS: Nineteen consecutive @entity0 with chronic @entity7 who had duodenum- and spleen-preserving total pancreatectomy were studied. RESULTS: There were 15 @entity0 and four @entity0 with a median age of 40 (range 29-64) years. The aetiology was @entity3 misuse in nine, @entity9 in five and idiopathic in five @entity0 . All @entity0 had chronic intractable @entity6 . Six had undergone pancreatic surgery previously and one had had multiple coeliac plexus blocks. There were ten postoperative complications in five @entity0 , and one @entity4 . The median hospital stay was 25 (range 10-84) days. There was a reduction in @entity2 (P < 0.001) and analgesic use (P < 0.001) after surgery, and @entity8 was noted at 12 and 24 months (P < 0.001). Nine @entity0 required readmission to hospital, four because of surgical complications: adhesional obstruction in one, biliary stricture in two and @entity10 in one. In the other five @entity0 (four of whom had long-standing pre-existing @entity1 ) readmission was for better control of @entity2 (three @entity0 ), @entity1 (two), and @entity1 -associated @entity5 (two) or gastropathy (one). CONCLUSION: Duodenum- and spleen-preserving total pancreatectomy has a role in selected @entity0 with medically intractable @entity2 from chronic @entity7 .

title: Duodenum- and spleen-preserving total pancreatectomy for end-stage chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is the most severe consequence of adhesion formation. This study examined the annual surgical workload and costs of @entity1 caused by postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions. METHODS: The study was a retrospective case-note review of @entity0 hospitalized for @entity1 caused by postoperative adhesions in a well defined geographical area. The surgical workload and direct costs of inpatient care were analysed. RESULTS: There were 138 admissions for postoperative adhesion-related @entity1 during the study with a total of 1118 inpatient days. The median hospital stay was 4 (range 1-58) days among @entity0 who had non-operative treatment and 11 (range 2-34) days for those who had surgery. Surgery was necessary in 40 @entity0 (29.0 per cent). The mean operating time (time from skin incision to last stitch) and the mean time spent in the operating theatre were 79 and 141 min respectively. The cumulative operating time for the surgical group was 52 h 20 min and the cumulative theatre time was 93 h 44 min. The annual direct hospital cost for postoperative adhesional @entity1 was pound 181 653 in the district studied and the estimated cost for the whole of Finland was pound 2 077 796. CONCLUSION: This population-based study indicates that the workload and costs associated with @entity2 caused by postoperative adhesions are substantial.

title: Population-based study of the surgical workload and economic impact of XXXX caused by postoperative adhesions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Posttraumatic and septic states cause a @entity1 resulting in a negative @entity3 balance. The major part of the excreted @entity3 is derived from the proteins of skeletal muscle. The loss in proteins is due to a decrease in protein synthesis rather than an increase in protein degradation. Nutritional support may increase protein synthesis, and determination of its activity in skeletal muscle will give information on the utilization of nutrients in catabolic @entity0 . The effect of nutritional support on healthy subjects was studied to achieve a background for future clinical studies. Male volunteers between 20 and 40 years old were refed parenterally or enterally after three days of starvation. Muscle biopsies (50 mg) were analyzed for the size distribution of ribosomes in a @entity2 density gradient, and the ribosome concentration was determined per mg of DNA. Changes in the percentage content of polyribosomes preceded those of the total ribosome concentration. The total polyribosome concentration per gram wet weight of skeletal muscle decreased significantly during starvation. After one and two days of refeeding, a significant increase was observed, but the original level of the nonstarved subjects was not reached. The total ribosome concentration increased upon refeeding, but was not significantly different from that of the starved condition. The @entity3 balance was negative during starvation but attained equilibrium after two days of refeeding. Nutrition administered by the parenteral or enteral route were equally effective in restoring protein synthesis.

title: Polyribosome concentration in XXXX skeletal muscle after starvation and parenteral or enteral refeeding.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a common @entity1 , affecting almost 0.5 to 1 per cent of the population. Nearly 30 per cent of @entity0 with @entity2 are resistant to currently available drugs. @entity6 is one of the newer antiepileptic drugs and its effects as an adjunct (add-on) to standard drugs is assessed in this review. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of add-on treatment with @entity6 upon @entity4 , side effects, cognition and quality of life for @entity0 with drug-resistant localization related @entity4 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity2 Group trials register (28 March 2002), the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2002), MEDLINE (1966 to November 2001). In addition, we contacted Sanofi~Synthelabo (makers of @entity6 ) and experts in the field to seek any unpublished or ongoing studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized placebo controlled add-on trials of @entity0 of any age with localization related @entity4 , in which an adequate method of concealment of randomization was used. The studies could be double, single or unblinded and be of parallel or crossover design. They had to have a minimum treatment period of eight weeks. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently selected trials for inclusion and extracted data. Any disagreements were resolved by discussion. Outcomes investigated included 50 per cent or greater reduction in @entity4 frequency; treatment withdrawal; side effects; effects on cognition and quality of life. The primary analyses were by intention-to-treat. Worst case and best case analyses were also calculated for @entity4 outcomes. Dose response was evaluated in regression models. MAIN RESULTS: Three parallel group and two crossover group trials were included. The overall relative risk (RR) for a 50 per cent or greater reduction in @entity4 frequency ( @entity6 versus placebo) was 3.16(95% confidence interval 1.97 to 5.07). Due to differences in response rates among trials, regression models were unable to provide reliable estimates of responses to individual doses. The RR for treatment withdrawal was 1.81(95% confidence interval 1.25 to 2.62). The 99% confidence interval for the following side effects: dizziness; @entity5 ; nervousness and @entity3 did not include unity, indicating that they are significantly associated with @entity6 . For cognitive and quality of life outcomes the limited data available suggested that there were no significant effects on cognition and mood and adjustment. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 reduces @entity4 frequency but is associated with some side effects when used as an add-on for @entity0 with drug-resistant localization related @entity4 .

title: @entity6 add-on for drug-resistant partial XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 is a common @entity1 , affecting almost 0.5 to 1 per cent of the population. Nearly 30 per cent of @entity0 with @entity2 are resistant to currently available drugs. @entity6 is one of the newer antiepileptic drugs and its effects as an adjunct (add-on) to standard drugs is assessed in this review. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of add-on treatment with @entity6 upon @entity4 , side effects, cognition and quality of life for @entity0 with drug-resistant localization related @entity4 . SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane @entity2 Group trials register (28 March 2002), the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Cochrane Library Issue 1, 2002), MEDLINE (1966 to November 2001). In addition, we contacted Sanofi~Synthelabo (makers of @entity6 ) and experts in the field to seek any unpublished or ongoing studies. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized placebo controlled add-on trials of @entity0 of any age with localization related @entity4 , in which an adequate method of concealment of randomization was used. The studies could be double, single or unblinded and be of parallel or crossover design. They had to have a minimum treatment period of eight weeks. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently selected trials for inclusion and extracted data. Any disagreements were resolved by discussion. Outcomes investigated included 50 per cent or greater reduction in @entity4 frequency; treatment withdrawal; side effects; effects on cognition and quality of life. The primary analyses were by intention-to-treat. Worst case and best case analyses were also calculated for @entity4 outcomes. Dose response was evaluated in regression models. MAIN RESULTS: Three parallel group and two crossover group trials were included. The overall relative risk (RR) for a 50 per cent or greater reduction in @entity4 frequency ( @entity6 versus placebo) was 3.16(95% confidence interval 1.97 to 5.07). Due to differences in response rates among trials, regression models were unable to provide reliable estimates of responses to individual doses. The RR for treatment withdrawal was 1.81(95% confidence interval 1.25 to 2.62). The 99% confidence interval for the following side effects: dizziness; @entity5 ; nervousness and @entity3 did not include unity, indicating that they are significantly associated with @entity6 . For cognitive and quality of life outcomes the limited data available suggested that there were no significant effects on cognition and mood and adjustment. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: @entity6 reduces @entity4 frequency but is associated with some side effects when used as an add-on for @entity0 with drug-resistant localization related @entity4 .

title: XXXX add-on for drug-resistant partial @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Urodynamic tests are used to investigate @entity0 who have @entity1 or other urinary symptoms in order to make a definitive objective diagnosis. The aim is to help to select the treatment most likely to be successful. The investigations are invasive and time consuming. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to discover if treatment according to a urodynamic-based diagnosis led to clinical improvements in @entity1 , compared to treatment based on history and examination. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Incontinence Group trials register. Date of the most recent search: April 2002. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised and quasi-randomised trials comparing clinical outcomes in groups of @entity0 who were and were not investigated using urodynamics, or comparing one type of urodynamics against another. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently assessed trial quality and extracted data. Authors of one study were contacted for more information, including adverse effects. MAIN RESULTS: Two small trials involving 128 @entity0 were included. In one small trial, @entity0 who were investigated with urodynamics were more likely to receive active treatment with drugs or surgery. However, the numbers in both trials were too small to determine if this affected clinical outcomes such as a reduction in @entity1 . REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: A larger definitive trial is needed, in which @entity0 are randomly allocated to management according to urodynamic findings or to standard management based on history and clinical examination.

title: Urodynamic investigations for management of XXXX in adults.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The hormone leptin (OB) and its receptor ( @entity4 ) are key homeostatic regulators of @entity0 body weight. Two predominant isoforms of @entity4 are expressed by alternative splicing: the long form, OB-RL, with full signalling capacity is highly expressed in the hypothalamus and the short, signalling-defective form, OB-Rs, is ubiquitously expressed. In a previous study we detected expression of OB-RL and OB-Rs in @entity0 syncytiotrophoblast cells using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry (Bodner et al., 1999). The aim of this study was to investigate leptin receptor isoform expression and phosphorylation in paired, syncytial, microvillous and basal membranes from @entity0 term placenta by Western blot analysis. Both the OB-RL and the OB-Rs isoforms were detected in the syncytial membrane preparations. The OB-RL isoform was observed exclusively in microvillous membranes, whereas the OB-Rs isoform was found in both microvillous and basal membrane preparations. No significant differences were observed between syncytial membranes from normal and type 1 @entity1 pregnancies. To test the phosphorylation capacity of the @entity4 isoforms, microvillous and basal membrane vesicles loaded with @entity3 were stimulated with leptin and the phosphorylation status of the @entity4 at the @entity2 985 (Y985) was determined. A single band at the molecular weight corresponding to the molecular weight of the OB-RL isoform was detected exclusively in the @entity3 -loaded microvillous vesicles. We conclude that the long form OB-RL is expressed exclusively in the microvillous membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast and is capable of being phosphorylated, suggesting that it has signal transduction capacity.

title: Polar expression and phosphorylation of XXXX leptin receptor isoforms in paired, syncytial, microvillous and basal membranes from @entity0 term placenta.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The hormone leptin (OB) and its receptor ( @entity4 ) are key homeostatic regulators of @entity0 body weight. Two predominant isoforms of @entity4 are expressed by alternative splicing: the long form, OB-RL, with full signalling capacity is highly expressed in the hypothalamus and the short, signalling-defective form, OB-Rs, is ubiquitously expressed. In a previous study we detected expression of OB-RL and OB-Rs in @entity0 syncytiotrophoblast cells using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry (Bodner et al., 1999). The aim of this study was to investigate leptin receptor isoform expression and phosphorylation in paired, syncytial, microvillous and basal membranes from @entity0 term placenta by Western blot analysis. Both the OB-RL and the OB-Rs isoforms were detected in the syncytial membrane preparations. The OB-RL isoform was observed exclusively in microvillous membranes, whereas the OB-Rs isoform was found in both microvillous and basal membrane preparations. No significant differences were observed between syncytial membranes from normal and type 1 @entity1 pregnancies. To test the phosphorylation capacity of the @entity4 isoforms, microvillous and basal membrane vesicles loaded with @entity3 were stimulated with leptin and the phosphorylation status of the @entity4 at the @entity2 985 (Y985) was determined. A single band at the molecular weight corresponding to the molecular weight of the OB-RL isoform was detected exclusively in the @entity3 -loaded microvillous vesicles. We conclude that the long form OB-RL is expressed exclusively in the microvillous membrane of the syncytiotrophoblast and is capable of being phosphorylated, suggesting that it has signal transduction capacity.

title: Polar expression and phosphorylation of @entity0 leptin receptor isoforms in paired, syncytial, microvillous and basal membranes from XXXX term placenta.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In the American Joint Committee on @entity1 (AJCC) TNM staging system, @entity2 involving the bladder neck after radical prostatectomy is considered pT4 disease, suggesting a high risk of recurrence. The recurrence risk with pathologic invasion of the bladder neck, however, has not been definitively compared with that associated with extra-organ disease. We therefore compared the recurrence risk in cases with bladder neck involvement with that of cases with extraprostatic extension and/or seminal vesicle invasion. METHODS: The study cohort was composed of 1123 @entity0 with clinically localized @entity2 treated with prostatectomy as monotherapy. The preoperative @entity3 level, bladder neck involvement, margin positivity, Gleason score, and other pathologic categories were assessed as covariates contributing to the @entity3 -recurrence risk in univariate and multivariable models. RESULTS: Bladder neck involvement was found in 60 (5%) of 1123 cases. In univariate analysis, the bladder neck was the site-specific margin with the greatest @entity3 -recurrence risk of focal involvement (relative risk 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15 to 2.00, P = 0.0030). The @entity3 -recurrence relative risk with extraprostatic extension was 3.05 (95% CI 2.13 to 4.38, P <0.0001) and with seminal vesicle invasion was 8.59 (95% CI 5.76 to 12.82, P <0.0001). In the multivariable model, the @entity3 -recurrence risk with bladder neck involvement (relative risk 1.19, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.96, P = 0.5) was not a significant independent prognostic factor. Extraprostatic extension (relative risk 2.25, 95% CI 1.54 to 3.27, P <0.0001) and seminal vesicle invasion (relative risk 4.12, 95% CI 2.57 to 6.62, P <0.0001) were significant independent predictors of @entity3 recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Any staging system should be evidence based. The current AJCC system for staging bladder neck involvement, however, is contrary to the available evidence. Reclassification of bladder neck involvement as part of the @entity4 category should be considered.

title: XXXX involving the bladder neck: recurrence-free survival and implications for AJCC staging modification. American Joint Committee on @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: In the American Joint Committee on @entity1 (AJCC) TNM staging system, @entity2 involving the bladder neck after radical prostatectomy is considered pT4 disease, suggesting a high risk of recurrence. The recurrence risk with pathologic invasion of the bladder neck, however, has not been definitively compared with that associated with extra-organ disease. We therefore compared the recurrence risk in cases with bladder neck involvement with that of cases with extraprostatic extension and/or seminal vesicle invasion. METHODS: The study cohort was composed of 1123 @entity0 with clinically localized @entity2 treated with prostatectomy as monotherapy. The preoperative @entity3 level, bladder neck involvement, margin positivity, Gleason score, and other pathologic categories were assessed as covariates contributing to the @entity3 -recurrence risk in univariate and multivariable models. RESULTS: Bladder neck involvement was found in 60 (5%) of 1123 cases. In univariate analysis, the bladder neck was the site-specific margin with the greatest @entity3 -recurrence risk of focal involvement (relative risk 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15 to 2.00, P = 0.0030). The @entity3 -recurrence relative risk with extraprostatic extension was 3.05 (95% CI 2.13 to 4.38, P <0.0001) and with seminal vesicle invasion was 8.59 (95% CI 5.76 to 12.82, P <0.0001). In the multivariable model, the @entity3 -recurrence risk with bladder neck involvement (relative risk 1.19, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.96, P = 0.5) was not a significant independent prognostic factor. Extraprostatic extension (relative risk 2.25, 95% CI 1.54 to 3.27, P <0.0001) and seminal vesicle invasion (relative risk 4.12, 95% CI 2.57 to 6.62, P <0.0001) were significant independent predictors of @entity3 recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Any staging system should be evidence based. The current AJCC system for staging bladder neck involvement, however, is contrary to the available evidence. Reclassification of bladder neck involvement as part of the @entity4 category should be considered.

title: @entity2 involving the bladder neck: recurrence-free survival and implications for AJCC staging modification. American Joint Committee on XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The multisystem @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is caused by mutations in the @entity4 gene. The protein dyskerin is a component of the box H+ACA small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and is also functionally associated with the RNA component of the @entity0 telomerase. The majority of mutations are missense mutations, although single examples of non-coding mutations have been described. One of these is a point mutation in a putative @entity2 binding site in the 5'-upstream region of the @entity4 gene which presumably represents the promoter region of the gene. In this report, we compare the promoter sequences of both the @entity0 and @entity1 genes and provide a first functional characterisation of the @entity0 @entity4 promoter. This includes a characterisation of the disease-associated implications caused by the mutation identified in one @entity0 . By reporter gene analysis, functional regions of the @entity4 promoter were delineated. The core promoter region critical for basal level of transcription was found to lie at -10 to -180. Bandshift- and supershift experiments clearly demonstrated a mutual binding of transcription factors @entity2 and @entity5 to two of five putative GC-box/ @entity2 -binding sites located within the core promoter region. An additional GC-box interacts only with the @entity2 transcription factor. Further, we provide evidence that the @entity4 mutation in one of the @entity2 binding sites results in reduced promoter activity.

title: Basal transcription activity of the @entity3 gene is mediated by XXXX and @entity5 and a @entity0 mutation in a @entity2 binding site is associated with decreased promoter activity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The multisystem @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is caused by mutations in the @entity4 gene. The protein dyskerin is a component of the box H+ACA small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and is also functionally associated with the RNA component of the @entity0 telomerase. The majority of mutations are missense mutations, although single examples of non-coding mutations have been described. One of these is a point mutation in a putative @entity2 binding site in the 5'-upstream region of the @entity4 gene which presumably represents the promoter region of the gene. In this report, we compare the promoter sequences of both the @entity0 and @entity1 genes and provide a first functional characterisation of the @entity0 @entity4 promoter. This includes a characterisation of the disease-associated implications caused by the mutation identified in one @entity0 . By reporter gene analysis, functional regions of the @entity4 promoter were delineated. The core promoter region critical for basal level of transcription was found to lie at -10 to -180. Bandshift- and supershift experiments clearly demonstrated a mutual binding of transcription factors @entity2 and @entity5 to two of five putative GC-box/ @entity2 -binding sites located within the core promoter region. An additional GC-box interacts only with the @entity2 transcription factor. Further, we provide evidence that the @entity4 mutation in one of the @entity2 binding sites results in reduced promoter activity.

title: Basal transcription activity of the @entity3 gene is mediated by @entity2 and @entity5 and a @entity0 mutation in a XXXX binding site is associated with decreased promoter activity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The multisystem @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is caused by mutations in the @entity4 gene. The protein dyskerin is a component of the box H+ACA small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and is also functionally associated with the RNA component of the @entity0 telomerase. The majority of mutations are missense mutations, although single examples of non-coding mutations have been described. One of these is a point mutation in a putative @entity2 binding site in the 5'-upstream region of the @entity4 gene which presumably represents the promoter region of the gene. In this report, we compare the promoter sequences of both the @entity0 and @entity1 genes and provide a first functional characterisation of the @entity0 @entity4 promoter. This includes a characterisation of the disease-associated implications caused by the mutation identified in one @entity0 . By reporter gene analysis, functional regions of the @entity4 promoter were delineated. The core promoter region critical for basal level of transcription was found to lie at -10 to -180. Bandshift- and supershift experiments clearly demonstrated a mutual binding of transcription factors @entity2 and @entity5 to two of five putative GC-box/ @entity2 -binding sites located within the core promoter region. An additional GC-box interacts only with the @entity2 transcription factor. Further, we provide evidence that the @entity4 mutation in one of the @entity2 binding sites results in reduced promoter activity.

title: Basal transcription activity of the @entity3 gene is mediated by @entity2 and XXXX and a @entity0 mutation in a @entity2 binding site is associated with decreased promoter activity.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The multisystem @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is caused by mutations in the @entity4 gene. The protein dyskerin is a component of the box H+ACA small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and is also functionally associated with the RNA component of the @entity0 telomerase. The majority of mutations are missense mutations, although single examples of non-coding mutations have been described. One of these is a point mutation in a putative @entity2 binding site in the 5'-upstream region of the @entity4 gene which presumably represents the promoter region of the gene. In this report, we compare the promoter sequences of both the @entity0 and @entity1 genes and provide a first functional characterisation of the @entity0 @entity4 promoter. This includes a characterisation of the disease-associated implications caused by the mutation identified in one @entity0 . By reporter gene analysis, functional regions of the @entity4 promoter were delineated. The core promoter region critical for basal level of transcription was found to lie at -10 to -180. Bandshift- and supershift experiments clearly demonstrated a mutual binding of transcription factors @entity2 and @entity5 to two of five putative GC-box/ @entity2 -binding sites located within the core promoter region. An additional GC-box interacts only with the @entity2 transcription factor. Further, we provide evidence that the @entity4 mutation in one of the @entity2 binding sites results in reduced promoter activity.

title: Basal transcription activity of the XXXX gene is mediated by @entity2 and @entity5 and a @entity0 mutation in a @entity2 binding site is associated with decreased promoter activity.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The multisystem @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is caused by mutations in the @entity4 gene. The protein dyskerin is a component of the box H+ACA small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) and is also functionally associated with the RNA component of the @entity0 telomerase. The majority of mutations are missense mutations, although single examples of non-coding mutations have been described. One of these is a point mutation in a putative @entity2 binding site in the 5'-upstream region of the @entity4 gene which presumably represents the promoter region of the gene. In this report, we compare the promoter sequences of both the @entity0 and @entity1 genes and provide a first functional characterisation of the @entity0 @entity4 promoter. This includes a characterisation of the disease-associated implications caused by the mutation identified in one @entity0 . By reporter gene analysis, functional regions of the @entity4 promoter were delineated. The core promoter region critical for basal level of transcription was found to lie at -10 to -180. Bandshift- and supershift experiments clearly demonstrated a mutual binding of transcription factors @entity2 and @entity5 to two of five putative GC-box/ @entity2 -binding sites located within the core promoter region. An additional GC-box interacts only with the @entity2 transcription factor. Further, we provide evidence that the @entity4 mutation in one of the @entity2 binding sites results in reduced promoter activity.

title: Basal transcription activity of the @entity3 gene is mediated by @entity2 and @entity5 and a XXXX mutation in a @entity2 binding site is associated with decreased promoter activity.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We report here defined culture conditions that allow reproducibly the growth of the majority of immature thymocytes from both fetal (14-15 days of gestation) and adult @entity0 . The combination of @entity6 ( @entity7 ), @entity1 and recombinant @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is both sufficient and necessary to induce growth of about 1/6.2 (range 1/3-1/9) and 1/4.3 (range 1/2-1/7) immature thymocytes from adult and fetal @entity0 , respectively, in serum-free cultures. Several other combinations tested (e.g. @entity7 + @entity3 , concanavalin A + @entity3 ) were poorly or not active. None of the agents tested alone ( @entity7 , @entity1 , concanavalin A, pokeweed mitogen, @entity3 ) had any effect. We found no evidence for a role of @entity8 and @entity4 on growth of these cells. The growth of activated immature thymocytes from either fetal or adult @entity0 was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody against @entity0 @entity3 receptors. Under the same conditions that stimulated growth of most immature thymocytes, they did not mature into cells expressing @entity5 , @entity2 or T cell antigen receptor (KJ16) after 7 to 15 days of continuous proliferation in culture. Nor did they give rise to cells with cytolytic activity after 7-9 days of culture. In some but not all experiments cultures of immature thymocytes from adult @entity0 but not from fetal @entity0 generated cells (1 out of 120-310) with helper function for B lymphocytes. While we confirmed here that approximately 50-70% freshly isolated immature thymocytes express receptors for @entity3 , our results indicate that these cells need to be activated (by e.g. @entity7 + @entity1 ) to respond to @entity3 . A possible mechanism to account for the expression of nonfunctionally competent @entity3 receptors is proposed and our results concerning the maturation of immature thymocytes in vitro are discussed.

title: Requirements for growth of immature thymocytes from fetal and adult XXXX in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The morbidity of diagnostic catheterization in healthy @entity0 has never been described. In order to further elucidate the natural history of @entity2 we studied a group of healthy @entity0 without lower urinary tract symptoms. Thirty female volunteers aged 39-72 years underwent urine sampling prior to and at day 3 after invasive urodynamic evaluation. One case of asymptomatic @entity2 was detected among pretest samples. On post-test sampling 10 of 29 cultures were positive. With a cut-off level of >10(5) CFU/ml only 2 cases could be classified as significant @entity2 . Only 1 was symptomatic. The remaining 29 @entity0 had no symptoms following the examination. Thus the incidence of @entity1 was 3.3% following repeated diagnostic catheterization. We concluded that although @entity2 is common after diagnostic catheterization, it is essentially asymptomatic.

title: Morbidity of urodynamic investigation in healthy XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 (BA) has many uses as an industrial compound and is widely distributed in the environment. BA has been shown to produce rib agenesis, a rare effect in laboratory animals. This study was conducted to determine if there is a period of sensitivity to this unusual effect. BA (500 or 750 mg/kg) was administered p.o. to pregnant @entity2 @entity0 once daily on gestational days (GDs) 6-10. A reduction of 13th rib length occurred at both dose levels. BA 400mg/kg was also administered twice daily on GD 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 or on GDs 6-8. A significant decrease in average fetal weight was observed in all treatment groups. Significant increases in the incidence of cervical ribs/ossifications resulted from treatments on @entity4 and GDs 6-8. Rib agenesis occurred with treatment on GD 8 and GDs 6-8. Reduced rib length, a decreased incidence of supernumerary ribs (SNR), and an increased incidence of fused and/or branched ribs occurred when dams were treated GDs 6-8. Doses of 750 mg/kg given twice on day 8 produced significant increases in several @entity1 . Further studies of pathogenesis are necessary to determine the earliest perturbations and the processes that are affected. The sensitivity of embryos to treatment on GD 8 to rib agenesis suggests that BA is affecting early processes such as gastrulation and presomitic mesoderm formation and patterning in this area.

title: Periods of vertebral column sensitivity to @entity3 treatment in XXXX @entity0 in utero.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 (BA) has many uses as an industrial compound and is widely distributed in the environment. BA has been shown to produce rib agenesis, a rare effect in laboratory animals. This study was conducted to determine if there is a period of sensitivity to this unusual effect. BA (500 or 750 mg/kg) was administered p.o. to pregnant @entity2 @entity0 once daily on gestational days (GDs) 6-10. A reduction of 13th rib length occurred at both dose levels. BA 400mg/kg was also administered twice daily on GD 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 or on GDs 6-8. A significant decrease in average fetal weight was observed in all treatment groups. Significant increases in the incidence of cervical ribs/ossifications resulted from treatments on @entity4 and GDs 6-8. Rib agenesis occurred with treatment on GD 8 and GDs 6-8. Reduced rib length, a decreased incidence of supernumerary ribs (SNR), and an increased incidence of fused and/or branched ribs occurred when dams were treated GDs 6-8. Doses of 750 mg/kg given twice on day 8 produced significant increases in several @entity1 . Further studies of pathogenesis are necessary to determine the earliest perturbations and the processes that are affected. The sensitivity of embryos to treatment on GD 8 to rib agenesis suggests that BA is affecting early processes such as gastrulation and presomitic mesoderm formation and patterning in this area.

title: Periods of vertebral column sensitivity to XXXX treatment in @entity2 @entity0 in utero.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 (BA) has many uses as an industrial compound and is widely distributed in the environment. BA has been shown to produce rib agenesis, a rare effect in laboratory animals. This study was conducted to determine if there is a period of sensitivity to this unusual effect. BA (500 or 750 mg/kg) was administered p.o. to pregnant @entity2 @entity0 once daily on gestational days (GDs) 6-10. A reduction of 13th rib length occurred at both dose levels. BA 400mg/kg was also administered twice daily on GD 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10 or on GDs 6-8. A significant decrease in average fetal weight was observed in all treatment groups. Significant increases in the incidence of cervical ribs/ossifications resulted from treatments on @entity4 and GDs 6-8. Rib agenesis occurred with treatment on GD 8 and GDs 6-8. Reduced rib length, a decreased incidence of supernumerary ribs (SNR), and an increased incidence of fused and/or branched ribs occurred when dams were treated GDs 6-8. Doses of 750 mg/kg given twice on day 8 produced significant increases in several @entity1 . Further studies of pathogenesis are necessary to determine the earliest perturbations and the processes that are affected. The sensitivity of embryos to treatment on GD 8 to rib agenesis suggests that BA is affecting early processes such as gastrulation and presomitic mesoderm formation and patterning in this area.

title: Periods of vertebral column sensitivity to @entity3 treatment in @entity2 XXXX in utero.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical feasibility of daily computer-assisted transabdominal ultrasonography for target position verification in the setting of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for @entity1 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Twenty-three @entity0 with clinically localized @entity1 were treated using a sequential tomotherapy IMRT technique (Peacock) and daily computer-assisted transabdominal ultrasonography (BAT) for target localization. @entity0 were instructed to maintain a full bladder and were placed in the supine position using triangulation tattoos and a leg immobilizer to minimize @entity2 . The BAT ultrasound system is docked to the treatment collimator and electronically imports the CT simulation target contours and isocenter. The system is able to use the machine isocenter as a reference point to overlay the corresponding CT contours onto the ultrasound images captured in the transverse and sagittal planes. A touch screen menu is used to maneuver the CT contours in three dimensions such that they match the ultrasound images. The system then displays the three-dimensional couch shifts required to produce field alignment. Data were prospectively collected to measure the frequency by which useful ultrasound images were obtained, the amount of time required for localization/setup, and the direction/magnitude of the positional adjustments. RESULTS: Of the 23 @entity0 , the BAT ultrasound system produced images of sufficient quality to perform the overlay of the CT contours in 19 @entity0 such that positional verification could be reliably performed. Poor image quality was associated with @entity0 inability to maintain a full bladder, large body habitus, or other anatomic constraints. Of the 19 assessable @entity0 , a total of 185 treatment alignments were performed (mean 8.8/ @entity0 ). For all cases, the average time required for the daily ultrasound imaging and positional adjustments was 11.9 min. After the initial 5 cases, the user experience skills improved such that the time required for image verification/positional adjustments decreased to a mean of 5.6 min. The average right-left, AP, and cranial-caudal adjustment was 2.6 +/- 2.1 mm, 4.7 +/- 2.7 mm, and 4.2 +/- 2.8 mm, respectively. Positional adjustments >10 mm were infrequent and related primarily to misidentification of the target structures on the ultrasound image, @entity0 movement, or improper registration of the triangulation tattoos. CONCLUSION: Daily computer-assisted BAT ultrasound positional verification of the prostate can be successfully performed through the acquisition of high-quality images in most @entity0 with only a modest increase in treatment setup time. Positional data obtained with this system resulted in clinically meaningful adjustments in daily setup for sequential IMRT that would not be otherwise apparent from other verification modalities.

title: Implementation and utility of a daily ultrasound-based localization system with intensity-modulated radiotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the safety and efficacy of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) in the treatment of @entity8 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: Forty @entity0 with @entity8 (excluding optic nerve @entity8 ) were treated using IMRT with the NOMOS Peacock system between 1994 and 1999. Twenty-five @entity0 received IMRT after surgery either as adjuvant therapy for incomplete resection or for recurrence, and 15 @entity0 received definitive IMRT after presumptive diagnosis based on imaging. Thirty-two @entity0 had skull base lesions, and 8 had nonskull base lesions. The prescribed dose ranged from 40 to 56 Gy (median 50.4 Gy) at 1.71 to 2 Gy per fraction, and the volume of the primary target ranged from 1.55 to 324.57 cc (median 20.22 cc). The mean dose to the target ranged from 44 to 60 Gy (median 53 Gy). Follow-up ranged from 6 to 71 months (median 30 months). Acute and chronic @entity3 were assessed using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) morbidity criteria and @entity1 response was assessed by @entity0 report, examination, and imaging. Overall survival, progression-free survival, and local control were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Cumulative 5-year local control, progression-free survival, and overall survival were 93%, 88%, and 89%, respectively. Two @entity0 progressed after IMRT, one locally and one distantly. Each was treated with IMRT after multiple recurrences of @entity8 over many years. Both were found to have @entity1 at the time of relapse after IMRT, and it is likely their @entity1 had already undergone malignant change by the time IMRT was given. Defined normal structures generally received a significantly lower dose than the target. The most common acute central nervous system (CNS) @entity3 was mild @entity2 , usually relieved with @entity6 . One @entity0 experienced RTOG Grade 3 acute CNS @entity3 , and 2 experienced Grade 3 or higher late CNS @entity3 , with one possible treatment-related @entity5 . No @entity3 was observed with mean doses to the optic nerve/chiasm up to 47 Gy and maximum doses up to 55 Gy. CONCLUSION: IMRT is a promising new technology that is safe and efficacious in the primary and adjuvant treatment of @entity8 . A history of @entity4 may indicate @entity7 and predict a poorer outcome. @entity3 data are encouraging, but the potential for serious side effects exists, as demonstrated by one possible treatment-related @entity5 . Larger cohort and longer follow-up are needed to better define efficacy and late @entity3 of IMRT.

title: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: Occipital encephalocoele is the most common cranial @entity3 in the western hemisphere and is often complicated by @entity2 . Management of @entity2 and reducing the CSF pressure is crucial in preventing dehiscence at the site of the encephalocoele repair. METHODS: Two female @entity0 had presented with occipital encephalocoeles. The first @entity0 (aged 42 days) had undergone repair of the occipital encephalocoele and then developed @entity2 with recurrence of the encephalocoele. The second @entity0 (aged 12 months) had @entity2 associated with an occipital encephalocoele at initial presentation.Both the @entity0 underwent endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) through a right frontal burr hole. In the first @entity0 , ETV was performed after shunt dysfunction at the age of 9 months. Because she presented with recurrence of the encephalocoele 15 months later, a repeat endoscopic third ventriculostomy was performed. She required a ventriculoperitoneal shunt during the same admission because of the early failure of the ventriculostomy. In the second @entity0 , it was performed before the encephalocoele repair, both ETV and the repair being conducted under the same anesthesia. ETV was performed using a rigid scope and the perforation in the third ventricular floor was enlarged using a No. 4 Fogarty catheter. RESULTS: The first @entity0 had no recurrence of encephalocoele at follow-up of 10 months but she presented with recurrence of the occipital encephalocoele after 15 months. The second @entity0 had no evidence of recurrence at follow-up after 16 months. The lateral and third ventricular volumes had decreased in both the @entity0 at initial follow-up. CONCLUSION: ETV can be an effective treatment option for encephalocoele-associated @entity2 , even in @entity0 under the age of 1 year. It may obviate the need for placement of CSF shunts that have a risk of @entity1 . However, delayed failure of ETV may occur as seen in our first @entity0 , indicating the need for careful and long-term follow-up.

title: Management of XXXX associated with occipital encephalocoele using endoscopic third ventriculostomy: report of two cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 of the humerus usually occurs in adolescence and is caused by the valgus forces associated with excessive throwing. HYPOTHESIS: Arthroscopic surgery is an appropriate procedure for this condition. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: Arthroscopic surgery was performed on 10 baseball players (average age, 13.8 years) with @entity3 dissecans whose symptoms had been apparent for an average of 9 months before the operation. Follow-up at an average of 3.9 years included use of a standard rating scale, radiographs, and a questionnaire regarding return to sport. RESULTS: There were two grade I, one grade II, two grade IV, and five grade V lesions. Symptoms and objective findings correlated poorly with the grade of the lesion. The postoperative score averaged 195, reflecting excellent results. Radiographically, the @entity1 was still apparent in one @entity0 , secondary degenerative changes were evident in one @entity0 , and, in one @entity0 , the lesion was still evident and degenerative changes had occurred. Only four athletes returned to organized baseball. CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic surgery for symptomatic @entity2 in adolescent baseball players can provide excellent rating scores with intermediate follow-up but does not assure return to baseball.

title: Arthroscopic surgery for isolated XXXX in adolescent baseball players: minimum three-year follow-up.

answer: @entity2


abstract: To determine the long-term prognosis for @entity1 control, mortality, renal function, and maintenance of renal blood flow in @entity0 operated on to control @entity4 , we studied 60 @entity0 managed surgically between 1969 and 1984. Thirty-six @entity0 had @entity2 , 22 had @entity6 , one had @entity7 , and one had a combination of @entity2 and @entity5 . We confined the analysis to the 58 @entity0 with pure @entity2 or @entity6 . In the @entity2 group 14 @entity0 died and the results of @entity1 control in the remaining 22 were classified as cured, three (14%); improved, 15 (68%); failed, one (5%); and unknown, three (14%). In the @entity6 group one @entity0 died and results of @entity1 control in the remaining 21 @entity0 were (1) cured, 10 (48%); improved, 10 (48%); and failed, one (5%). The 5- and 10-year survival rates were 79% and 40%, respectively, for the @entity2 group and 95% and 89%, respectively, for the @entity6 group. Renal function was well maintained for @entity0 in both groups. The mean serum @entity3 value was 1.4 mg/dl in the @entity2 group and 1.0 mg/dl in the @entity6 group. To evaluate the effect of operation on the maintenance of renal blood flow we compared the blood flow of the operated and unoperated sides in @entity0 who had a unilateral operation and had a second kidney for comparison. Eight of these @entity0 had scans in each of the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Long-term prognosis of surgical treatment of XXXX : a fifteen-year experience.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Decreased plasma high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) @entity1 and @entity4 levels have been associated with premature @entity3 . We identified a @entity5 restriction-endonuclease site flanking the @entity0 @entity4 gene at its 3' end that is polymorphic. The absence and presence of this site, as determined by genomic blotting analysis of @entity5 -digested chromosomal DNA with the use of an @entity4 gene probe, were associated with 3.3-kb and 2.2-kb hybridization bands, respectively. The 3.3-kb band appeared in 4.1 percent of 123 randomly selected control subjects and in 3.3 percent of 30 subjects with no angiographic evidence of @entity3 . In contrast, among 88 @entity0 who had severe @entity2 before the age of 60, as documented by angiography, the 3.3-kb band occurred in 32 percent (P less than 0.0001). It was also found in 8 of 12 index cases (P less than 0.0001) of kindreds with @entity6 . In the two @entity0 groups, the allele frequencies of the site that produced the 3.3-kb band were 17 and 42 percent, respectively, as compared with an allele frequency of only 2 percent in the control populations. Within kindreds with @entity6 and among first-degree relatives of @entity0 with @entity3 , the 3.3-kb band was associated with decreased HDL @entity1 levels. Among all @entity0 with @entity3 , 58 percent had HDL @entity1 levels below the 10th percentile of normal values; however, this frequency increased to 73 percent when @entity0 with the 3.3-kb band were considered. These findings indicate that the polymorphism in the region between the @entity4 and apolipoprotein C-III genes may be a useful marker for the risk of premature @entity3 and @entity6 .

title: @entity4 gene polymorphism associated with premature @entity3 and XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Decreased plasma high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) @entity1 and @entity4 levels have been associated with premature @entity3 . We identified a @entity5 restriction-endonuclease site flanking the @entity0 @entity4 gene at its 3' end that is polymorphic. The absence and presence of this site, as determined by genomic blotting analysis of @entity5 -digested chromosomal DNA with the use of an @entity4 gene probe, were associated with 3.3-kb and 2.2-kb hybridization bands, respectively. The 3.3-kb band appeared in 4.1 percent of 123 randomly selected control subjects and in 3.3 percent of 30 subjects with no angiographic evidence of @entity3 . In contrast, among 88 @entity0 who had severe @entity2 before the age of 60, as documented by angiography, the 3.3-kb band occurred in 32 percent (P less than 0.0001). It was also found in 8 of 12 index cases (P less than 0.0001) of kindreds with @entity6 . In the two @entity0 groups, the allele frequencies of the site that produced the 3.3-kb band were 17 and 42 percent, respectively, as compared with an allele frequency of only 2 percent in the control populations. Within kindreds with @entity6 and among first-degree relatives of @entity0 with @entity3 , the 3.3-kb band was associated with decreased HDL @entity1 levels. Among all @entity0 with @entity3 , 58 percent had HDL @entity1 levels below the 10th percentile of normal values; however, this frequency increased to 73 percent when @entity0 with the 3.3-kb band were considered. These findings indicate that the polymorphism in the region between the @entity4 and apolipoprotein C-III genes may be a useful marker for the risk of premature @entity3 and @entity6 .

title: @entity4 gene polymorphism associated with premature XXXX and @entity6 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Decreased plasma high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) @entity1 and @entity4 levels have been associated with premature @entity3 . We identified a @entity5 restriction-endonuclease site flanking the @entity0 @entity4 gene at its 3' end that is polymorphic. The absence and presence of this site, as determined by genomic blotting analysis of @entity5 -digested chromosomal DNA with the use of an @entity4 gene probe, were associated with 3.3-kb and 2.2-kb hybridization bands, respectively. The 3.3-kb band appeared in 4.1 percent of 123 randomly selected control subjects and in 3.3 percent of 30 subjects with no angiographic evidence of @entity3 . In contrast, among 88 @entity0 who had severe @entity2 before the age of 60, as documented by angiography, the 3.3-kb band occurred in 32 percent (P less than 0.0001). It was also found in 8 of 12 index cases (P less than 0.0001) of kindreds with @entity6 . In the two @entity0 groups, the allele frequencies of the site that produced the 3.3-kb band were 17 and 42 percent, respectively, as compared with an allele frequency of only 2 percent in the control populations. Within kindreds with @entity6 and among first-degree relatives of @entity0 with @entity3 , the 3.3-kb band was associated with decreased HDL @entity1 levels. Among all @entity0 with @entity3 , 58 percent had HDL @entity1 levels below the 10th percentile of normal values; however, this frequency increased to 73 percent when @entity0 with the 3.3-kb band were considered. These findings indicate that the polymorphism in the region between the @entity4 and apolipoprotein C-III genes may be a useful marker for the risk of premature @entity3 and @entity6 .

title: XXXX gene polymorphism associated with premature @entity3 and @entity6 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The contents of mRNAs encoding LH beta-, FSH beta-, TSH beta- and common alpha-subunit precursor molecules were measured in food-deprived and subsequently re-fed male @entity2 . Pituitary LH beta, FSH beta and common alpha mRNA levels were decreased by starvation, and increased to the control levels by re-feeding. The rates of decreases of LH beta and common alpha mRNA levels were greater the corresponding rate for FSH beta levels. Pituitary TSH beta mRNA levels were not decreased by starvation, but increased transitorily by re-feeding. Plasma LH and @entity0 levels were decreased by starvation, and then increased to control levels by re-feeding, while plasma FSH and @entity1 levels did not show significant changes. Plasma LH and FSH levels showed positive correlations with pituitary common alpha and FSH beta mRNA levels, respectively, while plasma @entity1 levels showed a negative correlation with TSH beta mRNA levels. Hepatic weight was decreased slightly but significantly by starvation, and then showed a remarkable rebound after re-feeding was started. These results suggest that LH synthesis and secretion are more sensitive to starvation than FSH synthesis and secretion in @entity2 , and that LH production recovered to initial levels within several days when birds were fully fed. Also, there is a possibility that the synthesis of TSH is accelerated transitorily by re-feeding. Furthermore, these results showed that there are different relationships between the plasma levels of LH, FSH, and TSH and the various hormone subunit mRNA levels. The remarkable change in hepatic weight leads us to assume that hepatic thyroid hormone metabolism is affected by starvation and re-feeding.

title: Effects of starvation and refeeding on gonadotropin and thyrotropin subunit mRNAs in male XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of surgeon specialty on disease-free survival and local control in @entity0 with @entity2 . @entity0 underwent curative treatment with neoadjuvant external beam radiotherapy and proctectomy by colorectal surgeons and noncolorectal surgeons. METHODS: The records of 384 consecutive @entity0 treated by colorectal surgeons (n = 251) and noncolorectal surgeons (n = 133) from 1977 to 1995 were reviewed independently by physicians in the Division of Radiation Oncology. Local recurrence was defined as pelvic recurrence occurring in the presence or absence of distant metastatic disease. RESULTS: The study population comprised 213 males, mean age 64 (range, 19-97) years. Preoperative radiotherapy was delivered as 4,500 cGy in 25 fractions six to eight weeks before surgery (n = 293) or 2,000 cGy in 5 fractions immediately before surgery (n = 91). Concurrent preoperative chemotherapy was given to 14 @entity0 , postoperative chemotherapy to 55. Overall actuarial disease-free survival and local control rates were 74 and 90 percent, respectively, at five years. Actuarial disease-free survival and local control rates at five years were 77 and 93 percent for colorectal surgeons vs. 68 and 84 percent for noncolorectal surgeons (P < or = 0.005 for both, Tarone-Ware). Multivariate analysis revealed that pathologic stage and background of the surgeon were the only independent predictors of disease-free survival (both P < or = 0.006, @entity3 proportional hazards) and that pathologic stage, background of the surgeon, and proximal location of the @entity1 were independent predictors of local control (all P < or = 0.02, @entity3 proportional hazards). Radiation dose and use of chemotherapy were not significant factors. Sphincter preservation was more common by colorectal surgeons (131/251, 52 percent) than noncolorectal surgeons (40/133, 30 percent; P = 0.00004, Fisher's exact test, two-tailed). CONCLUSION: Good outcome for @entity0 with @entity2 who undergo neoadjuvant external beam radiotherapy and proctectomy is associated with subspecialty training in colon and rectal surgery.

title: Surgeon specialty is associated with outcome in XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare surgical outcome, after low anterior resection for @entity1 with @entity4 , at two departments with a different policy regarding the use of a routine diverting stoma. METHODS: A total of 161 consecutive @entity0 with invasive @entity2 operated on between 1990 and 1997 with a total mesorectal excision and a @entity4 were included in the study. Eighty @entity0 were operated on in a surgical unit using routine defunctioning stomas (96 percent), whereas 81 were operated on in a department in which diversion was rarely used (5 percent). Recorded data with respect to surgical outcome were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: There was no difference between the two centers in postoperative mortality in connection with the primary resection and subsequent stoma reversal (3.7 vs. 3.8 percent). No significant difference could be found in the number of @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity5 ; 9 vs.12 percent). Surgical outcome in @entity0 with @entity3 was also similar. The frequency of reoperations associated with the anterior resection and subsequent stoma reversal was identical (14 percent). The total hospital stay (primary operation and stoma reversal) was significantly longer with than without a routine stoma (17 (range, 2-59) vs. 12 (range, 5-55) days, respectively; P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the routine use of diversion does not protect the @entity0 from anastomotic complications or @entity3 and its use requires a second admission for closure.

title: Defunctioning stoma in low anterior resection with colonic pouch for XXXX : a comparison between two hospitals with a different policy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and prognosis of a moderate increase in serum @entity5 early after cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Retrospective clinical study. SETTING: Surgical intensive care unit in a university hospital. @entity0 : Five hundred and ninety-one consecutive adult @entity0 operated on for cardiac surgery during 1 year. INTERVENTIONS: Plasma @entity5 was measured systematically before and during the first 3 days after surgery. Comorbid events were assessed as @entity4 (cardiac, pulmonary, hematologic, and neurologic), allowing us to calculate for each @entity0 a dysfunction score (0-5). MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Postoperative plasma @entity5 increased by > or =20% in 15.6% of @entity0 ; eight of these required dialysis. A 20% increase in plasma @entity5 was associated with other @entity4 in 79.3% of @entity0 . Overall mortality rate was 2.7% and increased with the dysfunction score (17.7% for a dysfunction score > or =3). Mortality rate was 12.0% for @entity0 who had 20% increased plasma @entity5 with other @entity4 but was 0% for @entity0 without other @entity4 . A logistic regression analysis revealed that the most important prognostic factors of @entity2 were @entity3 (odds ratio, 8.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.2-32.5) and the association of @entity1 (odds ratio = 12.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.9-37.2). Mean intensive care unit stay of @entity0 with increased plasma @entity5 was significantly longer (8.1 +/- 5.6 vs. 4.3 +/- 1.4 days, p <.01) and increased significantly with the dysfunction score (p <.01). @entity0 with isolated increased plasma @entity5 had a significantly longer stay in the intensive care unit than @entity0 without any @entity4 (4.6 +/- 1.4 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.9, p <.01). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that a postoperative 20% increase in plasma @entity5 after cardiac surgery is not rare and has a significant impact on postoperative outcome, mainly when multiple @entity4 occurs. Any preoperative reduced renal reserve or perioperative @entity1 increases the renal risk.

title: Incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of a moderate increase in plasma XXXX early after cardiac surgery.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the feasibility, safety, and outcome of laparoscopic liver resection for @entity4 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The precise role of laparoscopy in resection of @entity7 ( @entity5 [ @entity5 ] and liver @entity1 ) remains controversial despite an increasing number of publications reporting laparoscopic resection of @entity4 . METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in 11 surgical centers in Europe regarding their experience with laparoscopic resection of @entity7 . Detailed questionnaires were sent to each surgeon focusing on @entity0 characteristics, clinical data, type and characteristics of the @entity2 , technical details of the operation, and early and late clinical outcome. All @entity0 had radiologic investigations at follow-up to exclude disease recurrence. RESULTS: From February 1994 to December 2000, 37 @entity0 with @entity4 were included in this study. Ten @entity0 had @entity5 , including 9 with cirrhotic liver, and 27 @entity0 had liver @entity1 . The mean @entity2 size was 3.3 cm, and 89% of the @entity2 were located in the left lobe or in the anterior segments of the right liver. Liver procedures included 12 wedge resections, 9 segmentectomies, 14 bisegmentectomies (including 13 left lateral segmentectomies), and 2 major hepatectomies. The transfusion rate, the use of pedicular clamping, the conversion rate (13.5% in the whole series), and the complication rate were significantly greater in @entity0 with @entity5 . There were no deaths. @entity6 occurred in eight @entity0 (22%). The surgical margin was less than 1 cm in 30% of the @entity0 . During a mean follow-up of 14 months, the 2-year disease-free survival was 44% for @entity0 with @entity5 and 53% for @entity0 having hepatic @entity1 from @entity3 . No port-site @entity1 were observed during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with small @entity2 , located in the left lateral segments or in the anterior segments of the right liver, laparoscopic resection is feasible and safe. The complication rate is low, except in @entity0 with @entity5 on cirrhotic liver. By using laparoscopic ultrasound, a 1-cm free surgical margin should be routinely obtained. The late outcome needs to be evaluated in expert centers.

title: Laparoscopic liver resection for XXXX : preliminary results of a multicenter European study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate the performance of helical CT as an aid in the preoperative diagnosis of the spread of @entity1 of the gallbladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed both hard-copy and soft-copy (on a monitor with multiplanar reconstruction capability) versions of helical CT scans (3-mm collimation and 3-mm reconstruction) of 21 @entity0 who had undergone surgical resection for @entity1 of the gallbladder. The local spread of the disease was evaluated according to the @entity2 system, and the results were correlated to the pathologic findings. Inter- and intraobserver differences were checked with kappa statistics. Results of the consensus interpretations were used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of helical CT. RESULTS: No significant inter- or intraobserver differences were found in any T category evaluation. The sensitivities of the hard-copy consensus interpretations in the diagnosis of T1, T2, T3, and T4 lesions were 33%, 64%, 80%, and 100%, respectively; specificities of hard-copy interpretations were 94%, 80%, 81%, and 95%, respectively. For soft-copy (monitor) consensus interpretations, the sensitivities for the diagnosis of T1, T2, T3, and T4 lesions were 33%, 73%, 80%, and 100%, respectively; the specificities of soft-copy interpretations were 94%, 80%, 88%, and 95%, respectively. Overall accuracy of the hard-copy interpretation was 83%; the overall accuracy of the soft-copy interpretation was not significantly different-86%. CONCLUSION: Helical CT provided 83-86% accuracy in the diagnosis of the local extent of @entity1 of the gallbladder, showing acceptable sensitivity and specificity for the T2 and more advanced lesions but poor sensitivity for the T1 lesions. Use of a monitor with multiplanar reconstructions of the CT data did not significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy.

title: Helical CT of the local spread of carcinoma of the gallbladder: evaluation according to the XXXX system in @entity0 who underwent surgical resection.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to evaluate the performance of helical CT as an aid in the preoperative diagnosis of the spread of @entity1 of the gallbladder. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two radiologists retrospectively reviewed both hard-copy and soft-copy (on a monitor with multiplanar reconstruction capability) versions of helical CT scans (3-mm collimation and 3-mm reconstruction) of 21 @entity0 who had undergone surgical resection for @entity1 of the gallbladder. The local spread of the disease was evaluated according to the @entity2 system, and the results were correlated to the pathologic findings. Inter- and intraobserver differences were checked with kappa statistics. Results of the consensus interpretations were used to calculate sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of helical CT. RESULTS: No significant inter- or intraobserver differences were found in any T category evaluation. The sensitivities of the hard-copy consensus interpretations in the diagnosis of T1, T2, T3, and T4 lesions were 33%, 64%, 80%, and 100%, respectively; specificities of hard-copy interpretations were 94%, 80%, 81%, and 95%, respectively. For soft-copy (monitor) consensus interpretations, the sensitivities for the diagnosis of T1, T2, T3, and T4 lesions were 33%, 73%, 80%, and 100%, respectively; the specificities of soft-copy interpretations were 94%, 80%, 88%, and 95%, respectively. Overall accuracy of the hard-copy interpretation was 83%; the overall accuracy of the soft-copy interpretation was not significantly different-86%. CONCLUSION: Helical CT provided 83-86% accuracy in the diagnosis of the local extent of @entity1 of the gallbladder, showing acceptable sensitivity and specificity for the T2 and more advanced lesions but poor sensitivity for the T1 lesions. Use of a monitor with multiplanar reconstructions of the CT data did not significantly improve the diagnostic accuracy.

title: Helical CT of the local spread of carcinoma of the gallbladder: evaluation according to the @entity2 system in XXXX who underwent surgical resection.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Allogeneic mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells instead of bone marrow are increasingly used to restore hematopoiesis after myeloablative therapy. Data supporting this important change of clinical practice are scarce. We therefore assigned @entity0 with @entity1 to peripheral blood or bone marrow transplantation; the occurrence of @entity3 , survival, transplantation-related mortality, and relapse rates were compared. A total of 350 @entity0 between 18 and 55 years of age with @entity4 in @entity2 in first chronic phase were randomized to receive either filgrastim-mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cells or bone marrow cells from HLA-identical sibling donors after standard high-dose chemoradiotherapy. Neutrophil and platelet recovery occurred significantly faster after transplantation of peripheral blood progenitor cells than after bone marrow transplantation. Acute graft versus host disease of grades II-IV was significantly more frequent in recipients of peripheral blood progenitor cells than in recipients of marrow cells (52% vs 39%, odds ratio 1.74, 95% confidence interval 1.12-2.69, P =.013). The cumulative incidence of @entity3 was 67% with peripheral blood progenitor cells and 54% with bone marrow cells (hazard ratio 1.67, 95% confidence interval 1.15-2.42, P =.0066). The estimated overall probability of survival at 2 years was 65% with either source of stem cells (hazard ratio 1.15, 95% confidence interval 0.79-1.67, P =.46). Disease-free survival, transplantation-related mortality at day 100, and relapse rates did not significantly differ between treatment arms. Peripheral blood is an equivalent source of hematopoietic stem cells compared with bone marrow if administered to @entity0 with @entity1 . Long-term observation of @entity0 with different diseases and stages of disease is necessary to ultimately define the role of both sources of stem cells.

title: Transplantation of mobilized peripheral blood cells to HLA-identical siblings with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prognostic markers for @entity2 , such as CEA, CA19-9, ploidy analysis, and S-phase determination using flow cytometry, have not been consistently predictive. We chose to evaluate nuclear proliferation, as measured by the @entity4 monoclonal antibody and digital image analysis, as a prognostic marker in @entity5 , and compare the findings with DNA ploidy and S-phase analysis. @entity4 identifies the Ki67 antigen present in nuclei of cells in all phases of the cell cycle except G0. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 33 @entity0 with @entity2 resected for cure between 1989 and 1994 with available fixed tissue. Sectioned tissue was stained with @entity4 , and the number of positively stained nuclei determined and expressed as a @entity4 @entity3 ( @entity3 ) by quantitative image analysis. Disaggregated nuclei were analyzed by flow cytometry using standard techniques. RESULTS: @entity4 @entity3 for @entity2 was heterogeneous within and between @entity1 . The @entity4 @entity3 for the @entity1 was 28 +/- 15 (median 29). There was no correlation between survival and @entity4 expression (R(2) = 0.03). Likewise, there was no correlation between @entity4 @entity3 and percentage of cells in S-phase, G(2)/M, or total proliferating cells (S+G(2)/M; R(2) = 0.01), nor was there a difference between @entity4 @entity3 and ploidy (P = 0.88). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that in our @entity0 population, nuclear proliferation in @entity2 , as determined by expression of Ki67 nuclear antigen, does not appear to correlate with survival and is not a useful prognostic marker. Despite intuitive thoughts to the contrary, there is no correlation between cell cycle analysis as determined by flow cytometry and Ki67 expression in @entity2 . Current methods of assessing prognosis after curative resection of @entity2 , including lymph node and margin status, @entity1 size, and possibly DNA ploidy as determined by flow cytometry, are not augmented by the assessment of nuclear proliferation by image analysis using the @entity4 monoclonal antibody.

title: Analysis of Ki-67 antigen expression, DNA proliferative fraction, and survival in resected XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Functional indices of distal urinary acidification were assessed in two male @entity0 , aged 1 and 3 months, with @entity4 . In both cases the diagnosis was sustained by the presence of elevated plasma levels of @entity15 , @entity11 , @entity13 , @entity2 and increased plasma @entity5 activity. Both @entity0 were unable to lower urinary pH below 5.9 either during acute @entity16 -induced @entity2 or after i.v. administration of @entity9 . One @entity0 also failed to decrease urine pH below 5.5 and to increase urinary @entity6 excretion during @entity10 infusion. Oral @entity14 loading was given to both @entity0 but failed to induce a significant increase in the urine minus blood PCO2 gradient. This gradient remained low also after neutral @entity8 administration. Repeated studies after acute administration of @entity17 in one case or after prolonged administration of @entity3 in the other resulted in complete normalization of all functional studies. We conclude that @entity4 can lead to @entity1 in early infancy. The defective renal secretion of @entity12 ion and @entity6 is probably related to the abolishment of the negative potential difference in the cortical collecting tubule induced by the impaired reabsorption of @entity7 .

title: XXXX in @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Functional indices of distal urinary acidification were assessed in two male @entity0 , aged 1 and 3 months, with @entity4 . In both cases the diagnosis was sustained by the presence of elevated plasma levels of @entity15 , @entity11 , @entity13 , @entity2 and increased plasma @entity5 activity. Both @entity0 were unable to lower urinary pH below 5.9 either during acute @entity16 -induced @entity2 or after i.v. administration of @entity9 . One @entity0 also failed to decrease urine pH below 5.5 and to increase urinary @entity6 excretion during @entity10 infusion. Oral @entity14 loading was given to both @entity0 but failed to induce a significant increase in the urine minus blood PCO2 gradient. This gradient remained low also after neutral @entity8 administration. Repeated studies after acute administration of @entity17 in one case or after prolonged administration of @entity3 in the other resulted in complete normalization of all functional studies. We conclude that @entity4 can lead to @entity1 in early infancy. The defective renal secretion of @entity12 ion and @entity6 is probably related to the abolishment of the negative potential difference in the cortical collecting tubule induced by the impaired reabsorption of @entity7 .

title: @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 + T cells that constitutively express @entity5 exhibit powerful suppressive properties. Such cells have been denominated regulatory T cells (T(R)). Alterations in T(R)cells are known to cause organ-specific @entity3 in animal models. The aim of this work was to quantify @entity1 + @entity5 + T cells in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Thirty untreated @entity0 (ten with active disease) and ten healthy volunteers were studied. Flow cytometry was used to quantify cell populations. @entity1 + @entity6 +, @entity1 + @entity5 + and @entity1 + @entity5 (bright) cells were considered. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures were performed and supernatants collected for @entity2 and 12 measurement. @entity1 + @entity5 + cells were significantly decreased in @entity0 with active disease when compared to control subjects and @entity0 without disease activity (P<0.001). @entity1 + @entity6 + cells were increased in @entity0 with active disease when compared to controls (P=0.041). Accordingly, @entity1 + @entity5 (bright) cells were decreased in @entity0 with active disease compared to healthy subjects (P<0.001). IL-12 production was hampered in cells from @entity0 during periods of active disease when compared to healthy controls and @entity0 during remission (P<0.001). We observed a correlation between decreased T(R)number and reduced IL-12 mononuclear cell production (r=0.362, P=0.05). This work demonstrates that @entity1 + @entity5 + T cells are decreased in @entity0 with clinically active @entity4 .

title: Quantification of regulatory T cells in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 + T cells that constitutively express @entity5 exhibit powerful suppressive properties. Such cells have been denominated regulatory T cells (T(R)). Alterations in T(R)cells are known to cause organ-specific @entity3 in animal models. The aim of this work was to quantify @entity1 + @entity5 + T cells in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Thirty untreated @entity0 (ten with active disease) and ten healthy volunteers were studied. Flow cytometry was used to quantify cell populations. @entity1 + @entity6 +, @entity1 + @entity5 + and @entity1 + @entity5 (bright) cells were considered. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures were performed and supernatants collected for @entity2 and 12 measurement. @entity1 + @entity5 + cells were significantly decreased in @entity0 with active disease when compared to control subjects and @entity0 without disease activity (P<0.001). @entity1 + @entity6 + cells were increased in @entity0 with active disease when compared to controls (P=0.041). Accordingly, @entity1 + @entity5 (bright) cells were decreased in @entity0 with active disease compared to healthy subjects (P<0.001). IL-12 production was hampered in cells from @entity0 during periods of active disease when compared to healthy controls and @entity0 during remission (P<0.001). We observed a correlation between decreased T(R)number and reduced IL-12 mononuclear cell production (r=0.362, P=0.05). This work demonstrates that @entity1 + @entity5 + T cells are decreased in @entity0 with clinically active @entity4 .

title: Quantification of regulatory T cells in XXXX with @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the mechanism of benign biliary stricture caused by bile duct @entity1 . METHODS: A model of @entity1 of the common bile duct was established in 28 @entity2 and then repaired. The anastomotic tissues were taken on 3 days, 1 week, 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months respectively after operation and examined by using light microscopy and electromicroscopy. Macrophage, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were studied immunohistochemically. RESULTS: The mucosal epithelium of the common bile duct restored poorly, chronic @entity0 lasted for a long time, fibroblasts proliferated actively, extracellular matrix overdeposited, and myofibroblasts functioned actively during the whole healing process. Immunohistochemical test showed a high expression of macrophage, @entity3 and alpha-SMA during the healing process lasting a long duration. Macrophages were found in the lamina propria under mucosa, @entity3 in the granular tissue, fibroblasts and endothelial cells of blood vessels, while alpha-SMA in the myofibroblasts and smooth muscle tissue. CONCLUSIONS: The healing of the bile duct is in the mode of overhealing. Myofibroblast is the main cause for contracture of scar and stricture of the bile duct. The high expression of macrophage, @entity3 and alpha-SMA is closely related to active proliferation of fibroblasts, extracellular matrix overdeposition and scar contracture of the bile duct.

title: Microstructural and ultrastructural changes in the healing process of bile duct XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The soluble @entity1 -linked hydrogenase of @entity4 H16 is a tetramer consisting of 4 non-identical subunits with molecular weights of 63,000, 56,000, 30,000 and 26,000. Conditions have been elaborated to separate and isolate each of these subunits as a single polypeptide by a preparative scale of @entity2 gel electrophoresis in the presence of @entity3 ( @entity0 ). Against each of the 4 subunits, polyclonal antibodies were produced. From the crude sera isolated from rabbits, the antibodies (IgG fractions) were purified by Protein A-Sepharose chromatography. By the double immunodiffusion method, comparison of the 4 types of subunits revealed that they are in fact different polypeptides. Subunit 1 (Mr = 63,000) and subunit 2 (Mr = 56,000) only reacted with their own specific antibodies and showed no cross-reaction whatsoever with the antibodies raised against the other subunits. The only immunological relationship among the different subunits was observed with subunit 3 (Mr = 30,000) and subunit 4 (Mr = 26,000); the type of cross-reaction indicated that they are partially identical. A. eutrophus H16 contains, in addition to the soluble hydrogenase, a membrane-bound hydrogenase which is a dimer composed of 2 subunits with Mr of 61,000 and 30,000. Whereas the 2 native enzymes did not show any immunological cross-reaction with the respective antibodies, it was demonstrated by double immunofluorescence labeling on nitrocellulose filters that the larger subunit of the membrane-bound hydrogenase cross-reacted significantly with the antibodies raised against subunit 2 of the soluble hydrogenase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Isolation and immunological characterization of the four non-identical subunits of the soluble @entity1 -linked hydrogenase from XXXX H16.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The soluble @entity1 -linked hydrogenase of @entity4 H16 is a tetramer consisting of 4 non-identical subunits with molecular weights of 63,000, 56,000, 30,000 and 26,000. Conditions have been elaborated to separate and isolate each of these subunits as a single polypeptide by a preparative scale of @entity2 gel electrophoresis in the presence of @entity3 ( @entity0 ). Against each of the 4 subunits, polyclonal antibodies were produced. From the crude sera isolated from rabbits, the antibodies (IgG fractions) were purified by Protein A-Sepharose chromatography. By the double immunodiffusion method, comparison of the 4 types of subunits revealed that they are in fact different polypeptides. Subunit 1 (Mr = 63,000) and subunit 2 (Mr = 56,000) only reacted with their own specific antibodies and showed no cross-reaction whatsoever with the antibodies raised against the other subunits. The only immunological relationship among the different subunits was observed with subunit 3 (Mr = 30,000) and subunit 4 (Mr = 26,000); the type of cross-reaction indicated that they are partially identical. A. eutrophus H16 contains, in addition to the soluble hydrogenase, a membrane-bound hydrogenase which is a dimer composed of 2 subunits with Mr of 61,000 and 30,000. Whereas the 2 native enzymes did not show any immunological cross-reaction with the respective antibodies, it was demonstrated by double immunofluorescence labeling on nitrocellulose filters that the larger subunit of the membrane-bound hydrogenase cross-reacted significantly with the antibodies raised against subunit 2 of the soluble hydrogenase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Isolation and immunological characterization of the four non-identical subunits of the soluble XXXX -linked hydrogenase from @entity4 H16.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Assembly of compact mitotic chromosomes and resolution of sister chromatids are two essential processes for the correct segregation of the genome during mitosis. Condensin, a five-subunit protein complex, is thought to be required for chromosome condensation. However, recent genetic analysis suggests that condensin is only essential to resolve sister chromatids. To study further the function of condensin we have depleted @entity2 , a subunit of the complex, from @entity0 S2 cells by dsRNA-mediated interference. Cells lacking @entity2 assemble short mitotic chromosomes with unresolved sister chromatids where Barren, a non-SMC subunit of the complex is unable to localise. @entity1 , however, binds mitotic chromatin after depletion of @entity2 but it is no longer confined to a central axial structure and becomes diffusely distributed all over the chromatin. Furthermore, cell extracts from @entity2 dsRNA-treated cells show significantly reduced @entity1 -dependent DNA decatenation activity in vitro. Nevertheless, @entity2 -depleted chromosomes have centromeres and kinetochores that are able to segregate, although sister chromatid arms form extensive chromatin bridges during anaphase. These chromatin bridges do not result from inappropriate maintenance of sister chromatid cohesion by @entity3 , a subunit of the @entity3 complex. Moreover, depletion of @entity2 prevents premature sister chromatid separation, caused by removal of @entity3 , allowing cells to exit mitosis with chromatin bridges. Our results suggest that condensin is required so that an axial chromatid structure can be organised where @entity1 can effectively promote sister chromatid resolution.

title: Condensin-dependent localisation of XXXX to an axial chromosomal structure is required for sister chromatid resolution during mitosis.

answer: @entity1