abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of @entity12 , @entity14 ( @entity14 ), or fat @entity6 (FES) with pressurized intraosseous (IO) blood transfusion following @entity3 . METHODS: A controlled, repeated-measures, randomized animal study with blinded pathologic evaluations was conducted. Sixteen @entity13 -anesthetized, instrumented immature @entity8 underwent a 20-mL/kg @entity3 into @entity11 - @entity7 - @entity2 bags, then received autologous blood transfusion via a 16-ga i.v. catheter (eight), or via a 15-ga IO needle in the proximal tibia (eight) under maximal manual pressure using a 30-mL syringe. At baseline and at one hour and 48 hours posttransfusion, blood samples were assayed for @entity16 (Hb), schistocytes, free Hb in plasma, @entity4 , @entity5 dehydrogenase, platelets, fibrinogen, and @entity1 gradient. Lung sections were examined for @entity0 after @entity9 / @entity10 stain, and for @entity15 after oil red-O-stain. Kidney sections were examined for @entity0 using @entity9 / @entity10 stain. RESULTS: Though the IO transfusion rate of 21 +/- 6 mL/min was slower than the i.v. rate of 35 +/- 5 mL/min (p = 0.0012), all the animals returned to baseline blood pressure within 15 minutes and survived. The presence of schistocytes and mildly elevated free Hb in plasma was noted in both groups at baseline and each time period, and was presumed to be due to sampling from the arterial catheter. All other laboratory values remained within normal limits and without intergroup differences at any time period. No fat @entity6 was noted, and all lung and kidney specimens were free of @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: In this model, pressurized IO blood transfusion appears to be hematologically safe, i.e., without risk of appreciable @entity12 , @entity14 , or FES.

title: Hematologic safety of intraosseous blood transfusion in a XXXX model of pediatric @entity3 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: High-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity0 levels are well established as an inverse risk factor for @entity2 . This fact is probably related to the ability of HDL to induce @entity0 efflux from the vascular cell. It is also possible that HDL affects the production of different mediators implicated in the development of atheroslerosis. Endothelin is a vasconstricting mitogenic peptide involved in the development of @entity2 . We studied whether native HDL, oxidized HDL and @entity3 HDL modulate the endothelin secretion of cultured adult @entity1 aortic endothelial cells. METHODS: We determined the effect of native HDL and modified HDLs (oxidized HDL and @entity3 HDL) on the secretion of endothelin by cultured adult @entity1 aortic endothelial cells. An endothelin radioimmunoassay system was used to quantify levels of immunoreactive endothelin in the cultured media. RESULTS: Native HDL, @entity3 HDL and oxidized HDL produced a highly significant stimulation of endothelin secretion (maximum 294% of control), even at low concentrations (10 and 20 micrograms/ml). Oxidized HDL2 and oxidized HDL3 produced a biphasic effect, with maximum secretion occurring with 100 micrograms/ml oxidized HDL3 (294% of control) and 50 micrograms/ml oxidized HDL2 (252% of control). The secretion of the peptide decreased with higher concentrations of oxidized HDL2 and oxidized HDL3. CONCLUSION: Because modified HDLs (oxidized HDL and @entity3 HDL) do not bind to the 'HDL receptor' to stimulate endothelin secretion, we propose that the stimulation of secretion is mediated by unspecific binding of the lipoprotein to the cell membrane. Nevertheless, oxidized HDL and @entity3 HDL may stimulate endothelin secretion via the scavenger-receptor pathway. Our results suggest that HDL and modified HDL participate in the regulation of vascular tone.

title: Oxidized high-density lipoproteins modulate endothelin secretion by adult XXXX aortic endothelial cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A total of 1,924 @entity0 ( @entity1 , 835; @entity2 , 1,073; volunteers, 16) received @entity3 in United States clinical trials. Nine hundred eighty-eight @entity0 have received @entity3 treatment for periods of more than one year, and 375 @entity0 have received treatment for longer than two years. Four hundred eighty @entity0 over 65 years of age have received treatment with @entity3 , and 224 of these elderly @entity0 have received treatment for periods of more than one year. The @entity3 dose most commonly used in all double-blind trials was 1,000 mg at night. In long-term, open-label studies, which were usually extensions of the double-blind trials, @entity0 could increase the dose to 2,000 mg per day. Nine hundred nineteen @entity0 received doses of more than 1,000 mg per day. Adverse experience information was collected at each visit, including information for some @entity0 receiving treatment for more than three years. Laboratory data were collected periodically throughout the trials, and the data were assessed for trends over time. The adverse experience pattern observed for @entity3 is similar to that described for clinical trial data for other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. However, it is noteworthy that the pattern observed for @entity3 is from clinical trials with approximately 1,000 @entity0 receiving treatment for periods of one year or more. This long-term @entity0 exposure in clinical trials far exceeds long-term clinical trial data for other agents. The types and frequencies of adverse experiences reported by @entity0 treated with @entity3 are relatively constant over the long time period covered by these trials. Also, the adverse experience patterns remained generally constant over time for various populations: all @entity0 , @entity0 65 or older, female @entity0 , male @entity0 , and @entity0 who received an increased dose of @entity3 . Although some statistically significant trends were detected for some laboratory parameters, there was little indication of significant clinical patterns. Although there were @entity0 with individually important laboratory values, @entity3 was not associated with clinically important adverse laboratory patterns. Overall, the adverse experience data and laboratory data indicate that @entity3 is safe for the treatment of adult @entity0 with @entity1 or @entity2 .

title: Safety evaluation of XXXX in United States clinical trials.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This report summarizes the results of a 17-investigator multicenter six-month randomized double-blind parallel group study. The safety and efficacy of @entity7 1,000 mg taken at bedtime was compared with that of @entity1 900 mg four times daily in the treatment of adult @entity0 with active class II or III classical or definite @entity3 . Two hundred sixty-four @entity0 were entered into the study. Two hundred fifty-seven (126 @entity7 and 131 @entity1 ) @entity0 were evaluable for safety. Two hundred thirty-four (113 @entity7 and 121 @entity1 ) @entity0 were evaluable for efficacy. There was significant improvement in each of six clinical measurements of efficacy in both treatment groups and little difference between groups. The somewhat greater improvement in articular index and duration of @entity8 in the @entity7 -treated group did not reach statistical significance. There was an equal percentage of @entity0 withdrawal for lack of efficacy in each group. Overall, the rate of @entity0 withdrawal due to adverse experiences was greater (p = 0.01) for @entity1 -treated @entity0 . These experiences were @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity4 . It was concluded that @entity7 was an effective anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of @entity3 with less @entity2 than @entity1 .

title: Long-term treatment of @entity3 comparing XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: This report summarizes the results of a 17-investigator multicenter six-month randomized double-blind parallel group study. The safety and efficacy of @entity7 1,000 mg taken at bedtime was compared with that of @entity1 900 mg four times daily in the treatment of adult @entity0 with active class II or III classical or definite @entity3 . Two hundred sixty-four @entity0 were entered into the study. Two hundred fifty-seven (126 @entity7 and 131 @entity1 ) @entity0 were evaluable for safety. Two hundred thirty-four (113 @entity7 and 121 @entity1 ) @entity0 were evaluable for efficacy. There was significant improvement in each of six clinical measurements of efficacy in both treatment groups and little difference between groups. The somewhat greater improvement in articular index and duration of @entity8 in the @entity7 -treated group did not reach statistical significance. There was an equal percentage of @entity0 withdrawal for lack of efficacy in each group. Overall, the rate of @entity0 withdrawal due to adverse experiences was greater (p = 0.01) for @entity1 -treated @entity0 . These experiences were @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity4 . It was concluded that @entity7 was an effective anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of @entity3 with less @entity2 than @entity1 .

title: Long-term treatment of @entity3 comparing @entity7 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: This report summarizes the results of a 17-investigator multicenter six-month randomized double-blind parallel group study. The safety and efficacy of @entity7 1,000 mg taken at bedtime was compared with that of @entity1 900 mg four times daily in the treatment of adult @entity0 with active class II or III classical or definite @entity3 . Two hundred sixty-four @entity0 were entered into the study. Two hundred fifty-seven (126 @entity7 and 131 @entity1 ) @entity0 were evaluable for safety. Two hundred thirty-four (113 @entity7 and 121 @entity1 ) @entity0 were evaluable for efficacy. There was significant improvement in each of six clinical measurements of efficacy in both treatment groups and little difference between groups. The somewhat greater improvement in articular index and duration of @entity8 in the @entity7 -treated group did not reach statistical significance. There was an equal percentage of @entity0 withdrawal for lack of efficacy in each group. Overall, the rate of @entity0 withdrawal due to adverse experiences was greater (p = 0.01) for @entity1 -treated @entity0 . These experiences were @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity4 . It was concluded that @entity7 was an effective anti-inflammatory drug in the treatment of @entity3 with less @entity2 than @entity1 .

title: Long-term treatment of XXXX comparing @entity7 with @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: To investigate the lipoprotein effect of @entity9 in @entity7 or @entity10 (types II A and II B @entity3 , respectively), 240 @entity0 were recruited and 227 randomized to a double-blind randomized trial lasting 24 weeks and 192 @entity0 continued to participate in an open-label phase for another 24 weeks. A 100-mg dose of @entity9 or a matching placebo was given three times daily. @entity9 side effects in excess of placebo affected 6 percent of @entity9 users and were confined almost entirely to @entity8 . In 180 @entity6 @entity0 randomly assigned to receive @entity9 versus placebo, @entity4 and very low-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels decreased 38 percent, total @entity2 levels decreased 17.5 percent, and low-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels decreased 20.3 percent with @entity9 treatment. High-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels increased 11.1 percent with a decrease in the low-density lipoprotein @entity2 : high-density lipoprotein @entity2 ratio of 27 percent. All differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.01). In combined hyperlipidemic (type II B) @entity0 , @entity4 levels decreased by 45 percent, very low-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels decreased 52.7 percent, total @entity2 levels decreased 16 percent, low-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels decreased 6 percent, and high-density lipoprotein levels increased 15.3 percent for a low-density lipoprotein @entity2 : high-density lipoprotein @entity2 ratio decrease of 13 percent. All differences were again statistically significant (p less than 0.01). In both groups of @entity0 , the onset of the drug effect was generally rapid, with maximal total and low-density lipoprotein @entity2 level lowering achieved within four weeks in @entity6 @entity0 and maximal @entity4 and @entity2 level lowering in @entity11 @entity0 achieved in two weeks. Maximum high-density lipoprotein increases occurred after four weeks in type II A @entity0 and 12 to 16 weeks in type II B @entity0 . @entity9 is a well-tolerated drug in the fibric acid series and has putatively beneficial effects on @entity4 , very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein @entity2 concentrations in both type II A and type II B hyperlipidemic @entity0 . If the lipid hypothesis of @entity5 applies to the lipoprotein changes induced by @entity9 , reductions in @entity1 risk in both type II A and II B hyperlipidemic @entity0 should result from @entity9 treatment.

title: Effects of XXXX on plasma lipoproteins in @entity7 and @entity10 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: To investigate the lipoprotein effect of @entity9 in @entity7 or @entity10 (types II A and II B @entity3 , respectively), 240 @entity0 were recruited and 227 randomized to a double-blind randomized trial lasting 24 weeks and 192 @entity0 continued to participate in an open-label phase for another 24 weeks. A 100-mg dose of @entity9 or a matching placebo was given three times daily. @entity9 side effects in excess of placebo affected 6 percent of @entity9 users and were confined almost entirely to @entity8 . In 180 @entity6 @entity0 randomly assigned to receive @entity9 versus placebo, @entity4 and very low-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels decreased 38 percent, total @entity2 levels decreased 17.5 percent, and low-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels decreased 20.3 percent with @entity9 treatment. High-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels increased 11.1 percent with a decrease in the low-density lipoprotein @entity2 : high-density lipoprotein @entity2 ratio of 27 percent. All differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.01). In combined hyperlipidemic (type II B) @entity0 , @entity4 levels decreased by 45 percent, very low-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels decreased 52.7 percent, total @entity2 levels decreased 16 percent, low-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels decreased 6 percent, and high-density lipoprotein levels increased 15.3 percent for a low-density lipoprotein @entity2 : high-density lipoprotein @entity2 ratio decrease of 13 percent. All differences were again statistically significant (p less than 0.01). In both groups of @entity0 , the onset of the drug effect was generally rapid, with maximal total and low-density lipoprotein @entity2 level lowering achieved within four weeks in @entity6 @entity0 and maximal @entity4 and @entity2 level lowering in @entity11 @entity0 achieved in two weeks. Maximum high-density lipoprotein increases occurred after four weeks in type II A @entity0 and 12 to 16 weeks in type II B @entity0 . @entity9 is a well-tolerated drug in the fibric acid series and has putatively beneficial effects on @entity4 , very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein @entity2 concentrations in both type II A and type II B hyperlipidemic @entity0 . If the lipid hypothesis of @entity5 applies to the lipoprotein changes induced by @entity9 , reductions in @entity1 risk in both type II A and II B hyperlipidemic @entity0 should result from @entity9 treatment.

title: Effects of @entity9 on plasma lipoproteins in XXXX and @entity10 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: To investigate the lipoprotein effect of @entity9 in @entity7 or @entity10 (types II A and II B @entity3 , respectively), 240 @entity0 were recruited and 227 randomized to a double-blind randomized trial lasting 24 weeks and 192 @entity0 continued to participate in an open-label phase for another 24 weeks. A 100-mg dose of @entity9 or a matching placebo was given three times daily. @entity9 side effects in excess of placebo affected 6 percent of @entity9 users and were confined almost entirely to @entity8 . In 180 @entity6 @entity0 randomly assigned to receive @entity9 versus placebo, @entity4 and very low-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels decreased 38 percent, total @entity2 levels decreased 17.5 percent, and low-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels decreased 20.3 percent with @entity9 treatment. High-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels increased 11.1 percent with a decrease in the low-density lipoprotein @entity2 : high-density lipoprotein @entity2 ratio of 27 percent. All differences were statistically significant (p less than 0.01). In combined hyperlipidemic (type II B) @entity0 , @entity4 levels decreased by 45 percent, very low-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels decreased 52.7 percent, total @entity2 levels decreased 16 percent, low-density lipoprotein @entity2 levels decreased 6 percent, and high-density lipoprotein levels increased 15.3 percent for a low-density lipoprotein @entity2 : high-density lipoprotein @entity2 ratio decrease of 13 percent. All differences were again statistically significant (p less than 0.01). In both groups of @entity0 , the onset of the drug effect was generally rapid, with maximal total and low-density lipoprotein @entity2 level lowering achieved within four weeks in @entity6 @entity0 and maximal @entity4 and @entity2 level lowering in @entity11 @entity0 achieved in two weeks. Maximum high-density lipoprotein increases occurred after four weeks in type II A @entity0 and 12 to 16 weeks in type II B @entity0 . @entity9 is a well-tolerated drug in the fibric acid series and has putatively beneficial effects on @entity4 , very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein @entity2 concentrations in both type II A and type II B hyperlipidemic @entity0 . If the lipid hypothesis of @entity5 applies to the lipoprotein changes induced by @entity9 , reductions in @entity1 risk in both type II A and II B hyperlipidemic @entity0 should result from @entity9 treatment.

title: Effects of @entity9 on plasma lipoproteins in @entity7 and XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: The small bHLHZip protein, Max, was originally identified through its interaction with @entity0 family proteins and appears to be an obligate partner for @entity0 function. Max has now been found to interact with at least two other proteins, @entity1 and @entity2 . These also belong to the bHLHZip class but are otherwise unrelated to @entity0 . @entity1 has been shown to abrogate the positive transcriptional activity of @entity0 and to inhibit @entity0 in co-transformation assays. This suggests that @entity1 may antagonize @entity0 function. @entity1 is rapidly induced upon differentiation, a time when @entity0 is frequently down-regulated. We show here evidence for @entity1 expression upon differentiation of myeloblasts, monoblasts, and keratinocytes. @entity1 :Max complexes are detected during differentiation and appear to replace the @entity0 :Max complexes present in proliferating cell populations. Since these complexes appear to form even in the presence of @entity0 , there may exist mechanisms that act to inhibit @entity0 :Max, or to promote @entity1 :Max, complex formation. We speculate that Max complex switching causes a change in the transcriptional activity of groups of target genes. @entity1 is not induced in all differentiating cell types, suggesting that other, possibly tissue-restricted, proteins might act in similar switch mechanisms to effect changes in transcriptional programs. We have also developed an approach to identification of the gene targets for @entity0 :Max complexes. By employing an immunoisolation procedure, we have begun characterization of several clones whose expression levels correlate with those of @entity0 . Further identification of @entity0 -regulated genes may allow us to determine the molecular mechanism by which @entity0 governs cell proliferation and differentiation.

title: The Max transcription factor network: involvement of XXXX in differentiation and an approach to identification of target genes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A comparative analysis of the influence of chronic administration of the 5-HT2B/2C receptor agonist, m-CPP (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), and the 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist, @entity6 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days on the @entity2 and @entity4 -like behavior in the adult female @entity0 was performed. The @entity4 in @entity0 was modeled using the Porsolt test. The @entity2 level was assessed in the elevated plus maze test. It was established that @entity6 induced antidepressive and anxiolytic effects in females during estrous and proestrous periods. The m-CPP administration also resulted in antidepressive effect in both estrous and proestrous periods. A clear modulation was observed in the @entity1 as dependent on the ovarian cycle phases in @entity0 treated with m-CPP: the anxiolytic effect was manifested at an increased level of @entity3 , while anxiogenic effect was manifested at a reduced level of @entity3 . It is suggested that @entity5 subtype receptors are involved to different extent in the mechanisms of @entity1 depending on the alterations of hormonal balance during the ovarian cycle. The data obtained are indicative of a close interaction between the ovarian hormonal and serotonergic systems of the brain in the mechanisms of @entity2 and @entity4 .

title: [Behavioral effects of m-CPP and XXXX during ovarian cycle in female @entity0 ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: A comparative analysis of the influence of chronic administration of the 5-HT2B/2C receptor agonist, m-CPP (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), and the 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist, @entity6 (0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) for 14 days on the @entity2 and @entity4 -like behavior in the adult female @entity0 was performed. The @entity4 in @entity0 was modeled using the Porsolt test. The @entity2 level was assessed in the elevated plus maze test. It was established that @entity6 induced antidepressive and anxiolytic effects in females during estrous and proestrous periods. The m-CPP administration also resulted in antidepressive effect in both estrous and proestrous periods. A clear modulation was observed in the @entity1 as dependent on the ovarian cycle phases in @entity0 treated with m-CPP: the anxiolytic effect was manifested at an increased level of @entity3 , while anxiogenic effect was manifested at a reduced level of @entity3 . It is suggested that @entity5 subtype receptors are involved to different extent in the mechanisms of @entity1 depending on the alterations of hormonal balance during the ovarian cycle. The data obtained are indicative of a close interaction between the ovarian hormonal and serotonergic systems of the brain in the mechanisms of @entity2 and @entity4 .

title: [Behavioral effects of m-CPP and @entity6 during ovarian cycle in female XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Microvessels, the main components of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are vulnerable to oxidative damage during @entity1 -induced stress. @entity1 produces oxidative damage within the vessels and in the brain. Using our animal model of catheter implant into the common carotid artery (CCA), we trace the footprints of @entity1 -induced oxidative damage and inflammatory process at the BBB and into the brain. The uniqueness of the finding is that @entity3 causes oxidative damage in all neurovascular components by activating @entity4 oxidase and inducible @entity2 synthase in the brain. It is not the oxidants but the @entity3 that traverses through the BBB because we found that the highly reactive @entity6 does not cross the BBB. Thus, oxidative damage is caused at the site of oxidant production in the microvessels and in the brain. Our data indicate that @entity5 (the primary metabolite of @entity3 ) is the inducer/activator of these enzymes that generate oxidants in brain neurovascular cells. Evidence for @entity1 -induced @entity0 is indicated by the alterations of the tight junction protein @entity7 in intact microvessels. Importantly, we demonstrate that the site of BBB oxidative damage is also the site of immune cells aggregation in the microvessels, which paves the path for inflammatory footprints. These findings reveal the underlying mechanisms that @entity3 -elicited BBB oxidative damage initiates the brain vascular inflammatory process, which ultimately leads to neuroinflammation.

title: The inflammatory footprints of XXXX -induced oxidative damage in neurovascular components.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The efficacy of coronary bypass grafting obviously being linked to graft patency, it is compulsory to look for any innovation that could improve the patency rate. @entity2 , an antiplatelet drug, was tested against placebo in a double-blind trial: 173 @entity0 (475 grafts) subjected to venous coronary artery bypass grafting were randomly treated with @entity2 (250 mg twice daily) or placebo from the second postoperative day for 12 months. Graft patency was assessed by digital angiography on days 10 (99.4% of the @entity0 ), 180 (98.2%), and 360 (91.7%). The effect of treatment on @entity3 and bleeding time were measured concomitantly; a clear-cut effect was demonstrated at each interval. Intention-to-treat graft-by-graft analysis shows that @entity2 significantly reduced the graft occlusion rate on day 10 (7.1% versus 13.4%, p less than 0.05), day 180 (15.0% versus 24.0%, p less than 0.02), and day 360 (15.9% versus 26.1%, p less than 0.01). Sequential grafts to the left anterior descending coronary artery, with side-to-side @entity1 to diagonal branch(es), are less frequently occluded than individual grafts. On the contrary, grafts to endarterectomized vessels occlude more frequently. Individual @entity0 -by- @entity0 analysis shows that patency of all grafts at each study time, is more frequent in the @entity2 group. The difference is significant when one considers @entity0 without sequential or endarterectomized grafts. The difference is also present at each study time: day 10 (84.4% versus 66.7%, p less than 0.05), day 180 (74.4% versus 52.3%, p less than 0.05) and day 360 (75.0% versus 52.5%, p less than 0.05). Results are even more impressive if one excludes from analysis the four @entity0 in the @entity2 group in whom administration of the drug was delayed. This supports previous suggestions that early therapy is necessary. These results show that graft occlusion occurs mainly in the first 6 postoperative months. The incidence of occlusion is significantly reduced by @entity2 therapy.

title: Prevention of aorta-coronary bypass graft occlusion. Beneficial effect of XXXX on early and late patency rates of venous coronary bypass grafts: a double-blind study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of high-grade @entity5 ( @entity4 ) is controversial and could include surgical excision, topical medication, brachytherapy, or other treatments. We report the results of low-dose-rate (LDR) vaginal brachytherapy for grade 3 @entity4 ( @entity4 ) over a 25-year period at Gustave Roussy Institute. @entity0 AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the files of all @entity0 treated at Gustave Roussy Institute for @entity4 since 1985. The treatment consisted of LDR brachytherapy using a personalized vaginal mold and delivered 60 Gy to 5 mm below the vaginal mucosa. All @entity0 had at least an annual gynecological examination, including a vaginal smear. RESULTS: Twenty-eight @entity0 were eligible. The median follow-up was 41 months. Seven @entity0 had a follow-up <2 years, and the median follow-up for the remaining 21 @entity0 was 79 months. The median age at brachytherapy was 63 years (range, 38-80 years). Twenty-six @entity0 had a history of @entity4 recurring after @entity3 and 24 had a previous hysterectomy. The median brachytherapy duration was 4.5 days. Median doses to the International Commission of Radiation Units and Measurements rectum and bladder points were 68 Gy and 45 Gy, respectively. The median prescription volume (60 Gy) was 74 cm(3). Only one "in field" recurrence occurred, corresponding to a 5- and 10-year local control rate of 93% (95% confidence interval, 70%-99%). The treatment was well tolerated, with no grade 3 or 4 late @entity2 and only one grade 2 digestive @entity2 . No second @entity1 were reported. CONCLUSION: LDR brachytherapy is an effective and safe treatment for @entity5 .

title: Low-dose-rate definitive brachytherapy for high-grade XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 , the most common fungal pathogen of @entity0 , possesses an @entity4 ( @entity2 )-binding protein ( @entity6 ) that binds oestrogens with high affinity and specificity. The gene that encodes the @entity6 (CaEBP1) has been cloned and sequenced and shown to be structurally related to the old yellow enzyme from @entity3 . Here, we report the purification and the subcellular localization of the @entity6 from @entity5 . Using ion-exchange chromatography and an @entity1 affinity column, the @entity6 was purified from a strain of @entity5 422) which was selected because it constitutively expressed elevated levels of the binding protein. The purified protein displayed a subunit molecular mass of approximately 46 kDa when examined by denaturing gel electrophoresis, which is consistent with the size estimated from the sequence of the cloned CaEBP1 gene. An immunoaffinity column, prepared using a polyclonal antisera generated against @entity6 , depleted the @entity4 -binding activity from @entity5 cell extracts. Western blot analysis showed that the antisera specifically recognized the @entity6 from C. albicans. The antibodies also recognized the protein when the cloned CaEBP1 gene was expressed in @entity3 and did not cross react with @entity3 proteins. Using electron microscopy and antigen detection by immunogold staining, the @entity6 appeared to be primarily associated with vacuoles. However, when overexpressed in @entity3 , the @entity6 was found diffusely throughout the cell. In conclusion, the @entity6 has been purified from C. albicans and antibodies generated against the protein were used to demonstrate that @entity6 is found associated with vacuoles in @entity5 .

title: XXXX -binding protein in Candida albicans: antibody development and cellular localization by electron immunocytochemistry.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 , two @entity2 with similar immunohistological characteristics, have vastly different biologic behaviors and treatment approaches. As @entity3 commonly spread to the lungs, metastatic @entity3 should be included in the differential diagnosis of a @entity4 or lesions. SUMMARY: A 54-year-old @entity0 with a remote history of @entity5 was found to have FDG avidity in the thyroid and right cervical lymph nodes. Subsequent ultrasonographic findings and FNA cytology led to a total thyroidectomy, bilateral central lymphadenectomy, and right modified radical lymph node dissection for primary @entity3 . Reviews and comparisons of the pulmonary and cervical surgical specimens revealed that the @entity0 had been misdiagnosed for the previous 6 years; she had metastatic @entity6 to the lung. The @entity0 's original diagnosis of @entity2 was based upon the original lung biopsy showing positive @entity9 ( @entity9 ) immunostaining. The original diagnosis was questioned because of her long survival when she was diagnosed with locally advanced @entity6 . Further analyses of the immunohistological characteristics of both surgical specimens--including staining for @entity9 , @entity7 , @entity8 , S-100, and CEA--documented the correct diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: A thorough understanding of the natural history and surgical pathology, including immunohistology, of lung and @entity3 is necessary for a correct and timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Because @entity9 expression is seen in both @entity1 , careful consideration should be given to both @entity2 when evaluating @entity0 with thyroid and pulmonary nodules.

title: Metastatic @entity6 misdiagnosed as non-small [corrected] cell XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 , two @entity2 with similar immunohistological characteristics, have vastly different biologic behaviors and treatment approaches. As @entity3 commonly spread to the lungs, metastatic @entity3 should be included in the differential diagnosis of a @entity4 or lesions. SUMMARY: A 54-year-old @entity0 with a remote history of @entity5 was found to have FDG avidity in the thyroid and right cervical lymph nodes. Subsequent ultrasonographic findings and FNA cytology led to a total thyroidectomy, bilateral central lymphadenectomy, and right modified radical lymph node dissection for primary @entity3 . Reviews and comparisons of the pulmonary and cervical surgical specimens revealed that the @entity0 had been misdiagnosed for the previous 6 years; she had metastatic @entity6 to the lung. The @entity0 's original diagnosis of @entity2 was based upon the original lung biopsy showing positive @entity9 ( @entity9 ) immunostaining. The original diagnosis was questioned because of her long survival when she was diagnosed with locally advanced @entity6 . Further analyses of the immunohistological characteristics of both surgical specimens--including staining for @entity9 , @entity7 , @entity8 , S-100, and CEA--documented the correct diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: A thorough understanding of the natural history and surgical pathology, including immunohistology, of lung and @entity3 is necessary for a correct and timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Because @entity9 expression is seen in both @entity1 , careful consideration should be given to both @entity2 when evaluating @entity0 with thyroid and pulmonary nodules.

title: Metastatic XXXX misdiagnosed as non-small [corrected] cell @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Abstract Objective. We assessed the relationships between (I) ultrasonography calcaneus T-scores (PIXI) and mandibular cortex characteristics on oral panoramic radiographs in older subjects; and (II) @entity1 and @entity3 . Material and methods. We examined 778 subjects (53% @entity0 ) aged 59-96 years. @entity3 was defined by alveolar @entity2 assessed from panoramic radiographs. Results. PIXI calcaneus T-values  <=-2.5 ( @entity1 ) were found in 16.3% of @entity0 and in 8.1% of @entity0 . PIXI calcaneus T-values <-1.6 ( @entity1 , adjusted) were found in 34.2% of @entity0 and in 21.4% of @entity0 . The age of the subjects and PIXI T-values were significantly correlated in @entity0 (Pearson's r = 0.37, P < 0.001) and @entity0 (Pearson's r = 0.19, P < 0.001). @entity3 was found in 18.7% of subjects defined by alveolar bone level >= 5 mm. Subjects with @entity1 defined by adjusted PIXI T-values had fewer remaining teeth [mean difference 4.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.1 to -6.5, P < 0.001]. The crude odds ratio (OR) of an association between the panoramic assessment of mandibular cortex erosions as a sign of @entity1 and the adjusted T-value (T-value cut-off <-1.6) was 4.8 (95% CI 3.1-7.2, P < 0.001; Pearson   (2) = 60.1, P < 0.001). A significant OR between @entity1 and @entity3 was only found in @entity0 for the T-value cut-off  <=-2.5 (crude OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.3, P < 0.03). Conclusions. An association between @entity1 and @entity3 was only confirmed in @entity0 . The likelihood that the mandibular cortex index agrees with adjusted PIXI T-values is significant.

title: XXXX and @entity3 in older subjects participating in the Swedish National Survey on Aging and Care (SNAC-Blekinge).

answer: @entity1


abstract: Abstract Objective. We assessed the relationships between (I) ultrasonography calcaneus T-scores (PIXI) and mandibular cortex characteristics on oral panoramic radiographs in older subjects; and (II) @entity1 and @entity3 . Material and methods. We examined 778 subjects (53% @entity0 ) aged 59-96 years. @entity3 was defined by alveolar @entity2 assessed from panoramic radiographs. Results. PIXI calcaneus T-values  <=-2.5 ( @entity1 ) were found in 16.3% of @entity0 and in 8.1% of @entity0 . PIXI calcaneus T-values <-1.6 ( @entity1 , adjusted) were found in 34.2% of @entity0 and in 21.4% of @entity0 . The age of the subjects and PIXI T-values were significantly correlated in @entity0 (Pearson's r = 0.37, P < 0.001) and @entity0 (Pearson's r = 0.19, P < 0.001). @entity3 was found in 18.7% of subjects defined by alveolar bone level >= 5 mm. Subjects with @entity1 defined by adjusted PIXI T-values had fewer remaining teeth [mean difference 4.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.1 to -6.5, P < 0.001]. The crude odds ratio (OR) of an association between the panoramic assessment of mandibular cortex erosions as a sign of @entity1 and the adjusted T-value (T-value cut-off <-1.6) was 4.8 (95% CI 3.1-7.2, P < 0.001; Pearson   (2) = 60.1, P < 0.001). A significant OR between @entity1 and @entity3 was only found in @entity0 for the T-value cut-off  <=-2.5 (crude OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1-3.3, P < 0.03). Conclusions. An association between @entity1 and @entity3 was only confirmed in @entity0 . The likelihood that the mandibular cortex index agrees with adjusted PIXI T-values is significant.

title: @entity1 and XXXX in older subjects participating in the Swedish National Survey on Aging and Care (SNAC-Blekinge).

answer: @entity3


abstract: CONCLUSION: A reported mutation in @entity7 was identified in a @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), a left @entity11 , and bilateral @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Although the characteristic symptoms of @entity8 including fluctuating @entity2 and repetitive vertigo were not seen in the @entity0 , further studies are needed to clarify the association between @entity8 and such symptoms. OBJECTIVES: To study the audiovestibular functions, and to identify the causative gene in a @entity0 with @entity5 . METHODS: We enrolled a 30-year-old female in whom @entity2 was pointed out at the age of 6 years. She visited our department at the age of 21 years, and had not experienced any progression of her @entity2 , @entity1 , or vertigo. Pure-tone audiograms showed bilateral moderate mixed @entity2 with no apparent progression during a 9-year follow-up period. Audiovestibular examinations included distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), electrocochleography (ECochG), and electronystagmography (ENG). Direct sequencing was utilized to screen for @entity7 , @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity4 , and mitochondrial DNA @entity9 including 1555 position. RESULTS: The findings of DPOAEs, ECochG, and ENG indicated cochlear @entity2 with no @entity3 . A previously reported mutation of a heterozygous @entity10 ( @entity13 ) in @entity7 was detected. No mutation was identified in @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity4 , or @entity9 .

title: Audiovestibular findings in a @entity5 @entity0 with a XXXX mutation.

answer: @entity7


abstract: CONCLUSION: A reported mutation in @entity7 was identified in a @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), a left @entity11 , and bilateral @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Although the characteristic symptoms of @entity8 including fluctuating @entity2 and repetitive vertigo were not seen in the @entity0 , further studies are needed to clarify the association between @entity8 and such symptoms. OBJECTIVES: To study the audiovestibular functions, and to identify the causative gene in a @entity0 with @entity5 . METHODS: We enrolled a 30-year-old female in whom @entity2 was pointed out at the age of 6 years. She visited our department at the age of 21 years, and had not experienced any progression of her @entity2 , @entity1 , or vertigo. Pure-tone audiograms showed bilateral moderate mixed @entity2 with no apparent progression during a 9-year follow-up period. Audiovestibular examinations included distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), electrocochleography (ECochG), and electronystagmography (ENG). Direct sequencing was utilized to screen for @entity7 , @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity4 , and mitochondrial DNA @entity9 including 1555 position. RESULTS: The findings of DPOAEs, ECochG, and ENG indicated cochlear @entity2 with no @entity3 . A previously reported mutation of a heterozygous @entity10 ( @entity13 ) in @entity7 was detected. No mutation was identified in @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity4 , or @entity9 .

title: Audiovestibular findings in a XXXX @entity0 with a @entity7 mutation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: CONCLUSION: A reported mutation in @entity7 was identified in a @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), a left @entity11 , and bilateral @entity8 ( @entity8 ). Although the characteristic symptoms of @entity8 including fluctuating @entity2 and repetitive vertigo were not seen in the @entity0 , further studies are needed to clarify the association between @entity8 and such symptoms. OBJECTIVES: To study the audiovestibular functions, and to identify the causative gene in a @entity0 with @entity5 . METHODS: We enrolled a 30-year-old female in whom @entity2 was pointed out at the age of 6 years. She visited our department at the age of 21 years, and had not experienced any progression of her @entity2 , @entity1 , or vertigo. Pure-tone audiograms showed bilateral moderate mixed @entity2 with no apparent progression during a 9-year follow-up period. Audiovestibular examinations included distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs), electrocochleography (ECochG), and electronystagmography (ENG). Direct sequencing was utilized to screen for @entity7 , @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity4 , and mitochondrial DNA @entity9 including 1555 position. RESULTS: The findings of DPOAEs, ECochG, and ENG indicated cochlear @entity2 with no @entity3 . A previously reported mutation of a heterozygous @entity10 ( @entity13 ) in @entity7 was detected. No mutation was identified in @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity4 , or @entity9 .

title: Audiovestibular findings in a @entity5 XXXX with a @entity7 mutation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Cytochrome bd has been purified from @entity4 by a new simplified procedure. The @entity3 and total @entity1 content has been measured, as has the number of high affinity CO and NO binding sites. Spectral changes indicate high affinity binding of CO and NO to @entity3 d only, with a stoichiometry of 1 molecule of gas per 2 molecules of @entity3 b or per 3 atoms of @entity1 . The results clearly define a stoichiometry of one @entity3 d per complex. Low affinity binding of CO and NO to @entity3 b595 also occurs at higher ligand concentrations. EPR @entity3 - @entity6 signals are seen with NO bound to both hemes b595 and d but with no indication of spin exchange coupling. Exposure of the air-oxidized complex to alkaline pH results in removal of molecular @entity0 from @entity3 d and a change in line shape of the high spin region of the EPR spectrum. @entity5 binds to both @entity3 d and @entity3 b595 in the air-oxidized complex, displacing molecular @entity0 from @entity3 d. The rate of @entity5 binding to @entity3 d as assessed by spectral changes at 650 nm does not correlate with the rate of binding to @entity7 as assessed by the loss of the high spin EPR signal. In addition, the @entity5 binding rate in the presence of reductant is only 3 times that of the rate of binding to the air-oxidized enzyme, in contrast to the @entity2 -containing oxidases where strong redox cooperativity makes these two rates differ by a factor of at least 10(6). The results do not support the idea of the presence of two strongly interacting hemes in a binuclear center.

title: Cytochrome bd oxidase from XXXX . Purification and quantitation of ligand binding to the @entity0 reduction site.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Cytochrome bd has been purified from @entity4 by a new simplified procedure. The @entity3 and total @entity1 content has been measured, as has the number of high affinity CO and NO binding sites. Spectral changes indicate high affinity binding of CO and NO to @entity3 d only, with a stoichiometry of 1 molecule of gas per 2 molecules of @entity3 b or per 3 atoms of @entity1 . The results clearly define a stoichiometry of one @entity3 d per complex. Low affinity binding of CO and NO to @entity3 b595 also occurs at higher ligand concentrations. EPR @entity3 - @entity6 signals are seen with NO bound to both hemes b595 and d but with no indication of spin exchange coupling. Exposure of the air-oxidized complex to alkaline pH results in removal of molecular @entity0 from @entity3 d and a change in line shape of the high spin region of the EPR spectrum. @entity5 binds to both @entity3 d and @entity3 b595 in the air-oxidized complex, displacing molecular @entity0 from @entity3 d. The rate of @entity5 binding to @entity3 d as assessed by spectral changes at 650 nm does not correlate with the rate of binding to @entity7 as assessed by the loss of the high spin EPR signal. In addition, the @entity5 binding rate in the presence of reductant is only 3 times that of the rate of binding to the air-oxidized enzyme, in contrast to the @entity2 -containing oxidases where strong redox cooperativity makes these two rates differ by a factor of at least 10(6). The results do not support the idea of the presence of two strongly interacting hemes in a binuclear center.

title: Cytochrome bd oxidase from @entity4 . Purification and quantitation of ligand binding to the XXXX reduction site.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Fifteen adolescents and adults were assessed an average of eighteen years after a type-III open @entity5 . There were ten lateral and five medial dislocations. Associated injuries included ten injuries of the tibial nerve, seven of which were complicated by @entity6 ; five @entity7 ; five lacerations of the posterior tibial artery; twelve articular @entity2 involving the subtalar joint; three articular @entity2 of the talonavicular joint; three @entity2 of the talar dome; and three @entity2 . @entity4 of the body of the talus was found in five of the fifteen @entity0 . It was treated with a triple arthrodesis in all five @entity0 , one of whom had a subsequent conversion to a pantalar arthrodesis. Subtalar arthrodesis was done, because of post-traumatic @entity3 , in two other @entity0 . On functional assessment at the long-term follow-up examination, all @entity0 reported some @entity1 in the ankle, nine had difficulty climbing stairs, fourteen had difficulty walking on uneven surfaces, and eleven wore modified shoes. The @entity0 who had had a tarsal arthrodesis returned to their pre-injury occupation or to a less strenuous job. Four @entity0 who had persistent @entity6 did not return to work. We concluded that open @entity5 is a distinctly severe injury and that only fair functional and poor anatomical results can be expected in most @entity0 .

title: Severe XXXX . Long-term results.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Aim of this retrospective study is to evaluate the impact of transoral laser surgery of early @entity1 in elderly @entity0 in terms of feasibility, disease-free survival, overall survival and organ preservation, in a single Institute (European Institute of Oncology). A total of 122 @entity0 (male/female ratio 113/9), over 70s with untreated early stage @entity1 , were consecutively evaluated and treated at the European Institute of Oncology from 2000 to 2008. None had contraindications to general anaesthesia and all @entity0 signed informed consent to this surgical treatment. The severity of pre-operative comorbidities and the intra-operative risk were evaluated according to the American Society of Anaesthesiologists Grading classification. All @entity0 underwent laser cordectomies according to the European Laryngological Society classification. Histopathological examination demonstrated no evidence of @entity1 (pT0) in 19 @entity0 (calculated only in @entity0 with a previous vocal cord biopsy positive for @entity2 ), pTis in 18, pT1a in 53, pT1b in 16, pT2 in 14 and @entity3 in 2, respectively. A 10-year overall survival, a @entity1 specific survival and a @entity1 -specific survival were, respectively, 64.9%, 84.8% and 94.3%. In conclusion, transoral laser surgery is feasible in elderly @entity0 with early stage @entity1 , providing good results in terms of disease-free survival, organ preservation and quality of life. Our group of elderly @entity0 had no intra-operative or post-surgical complications and resumed normal activities the day after discharge from hospital. Considering these factors, we can assess, that transoral laser surgery, therefore, represents a modern treatment that should be offered as an alternative to conventional radiotherapy in elderly @entity0 with early @entity1 referred to medical centres with expertise for this surgical procedure.

title: Laser surgery of early XXXX in elderly.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The diagnosis of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) may involve a conglomeration of subgroups of serrated @entity2 . The diagnosis of @entity2 may therefore be revisited if this is sessile serrated @entity1 (SSA). The aim of this study was to determine clinically and endoscopically relevant information associated with reclassification to SSA. METHODS: After reviewing the data from 1,372 @entity0 who underwent colonoscopic polypectomy, 49 @entity2 larger than 10 mm were analyzed in this study. Two gastrointestinal pathologists reclassified each of the original 49 @entity2 as conventional @entity2 , SSAs, and others. RESULTS: Among the 49 initially diagnosed @entity2 , 18.4% were reclassified into SSAs or mixed @entity2 . Overall architectural features were useful for the diagnosis of SSA, but cytological features were less useful. The @entity0 and polyp characteristics did not differ between @entity2 with and without reclassification of the initial pathological diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: A significant number of SSAs might not be accurately diagnosed in daily clinical practice without any predilection for size, shape, and location. Therefore, when large @entity2 are diagnosed in clinical practice, it is necessary for physicians to have greater awareness of the diagnosis of SSA and to individualize subsequent surveillance.

title: A significant number of sessile serrated XXXX might not be accurately diagnosed in daily practice.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare the use of invasive procedures and length of stay for @entity0 admitted with @entity1 to health maintenance organization (HMO) and fee-for-service hospitals. BACKGROUND: The HMOs have reduced costs compared with fee-for-service systems by reducing discretionary admissions and decreasing hospital length of stay. It has not been established whether staff-model HMO hospitals also reduce the rate of procedure utilization. METHODS: Using data from a retrospective cohort, we performed univariate and multivariate comparisons of the use of cardiac procedures, length of stay and hospital mortality in 998 @entity0 admitted to two staff-model HMO hospitals and 7,036 @entity0 admitted to 13 fee-for-service hospitals between January 1988 and December 1992. RESULTS: The odds of undergoing coronary angiography were 1.5 times as great for @entity0 admitted to fee-for-service hospitals than for those admitted to HMO hospitals (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 to 1.9). Similarly, the odds of undergoing coronary revascularization were two times greater in fee-for-service hospitals (odds ratio 2.0, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.5). However, higher utilization was strongly associated with the greater availability of on-site cardiac catheterization facilities in fee-for-service hospitals. The length of hospital stay, by contrast, was approximately 1 day shorter in the fee-for-service cohort (7.3 vs. 8.0 days, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Physicians in staff-model HMO hospitals use fewer invasive procedures and longer lengths of stay to treat @entity0 with @entity1 than physicians in fee-for-service hospitals. This finding, however, appears to be associated with the lack of on-site catheterization facilities at HMO hospitals.

title: Resource utilization in treatment of @entity1 : staff-model health maintenance organization versus fee-for-service hospitals. The MITI Investigators. XXXX Triage and Intervention.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare the use of invasive procedures and length of stay for @entity0 admitted with @entity1 to health maintenance organization (HMO) and fee-for-service hospitals. BACKGROUND: The HMOs have reduced costs compared with fee-for-service systems by reducing discretionary admissions and decreasing hospital length of stay. It has not been established whether staff-model HMO hospitals also reduce the rate of procedure utilization. METHODS: Using data from a retrospective cohort, we performed univariate and multivariate comparisons of the use of cardiac procedures, length of stay and hospital mortality in 998 @entity0 admitted to two staff-model HMO hospitals and 7,036 @entity0 admitted to 13 fee-for-service hospitals between January 1988 and December 1992. RESULTS: The odds of undergoing coronary angiography were 1.5 times as great for @entity0 admitted to fee-for-service hospitals than for those admitted to HMO hospitals (odds ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 to 1.9). Similarly, the odds of undergoing coronary revascularization were two times greater in fee-for-service hospitals (odds ratio 2.0, 95% CI 1.6 to 2.5). However, higher utilization was strongly associated with the greater availability of on-site cardiac catheterization facilities in fee-for-service hospitals. The length of hospital stay, by contrast, was approximately 1 day shorter in the fee-for-service cohort (7.3 vs. 8.0 days, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Physicians in staff-model HMO hospitals use fewer invasive procedures and longer lengths of stay to treat @entity0 with @entity1 than physicians in fee-for-service hospitals. This finding, however, appears to be associated with the lack of on-site catheterization facilities at HMO hospitals.

title: Resource utilization in treatment of XXXX : staff-model health maintenance organization versus fee-for-service hospitals. The MITI Investigators. @entity1 Triage and Intervention.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To report @entity5 caused by airsoft guns in @entity0 . METHODS: A retrospective chart review of pediatric @entity0 who sustained @entity5 related to airsoft guns between November 2005 and December 2007. Place of @entity2 , presenting symptoms and signs, surgical interventions performed, and final visual outcome were reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-two @entity0 with a mean age of 8.8    4.0 years (range: 1.5 to 18 years) were examined; 28 were @entity0 (87.5%). Presenting visual acuity ranged from hand motions to 20/20 and could not be assessed in 2 @entity0 . @entity6 was a common finding that was present in 24 cases, @entity4 were present in 10 cases, and raised intraocular pressure was present in 7 cases. Seven @entity0 presented with traumatic @entity3 , and two had iridodialysis. Immediate surgical intervention was performed in 7 @entity0 and 7 @entity0 were scheduled for elective surgery. The @entity0 presented after an average of 1.9    1.9 days (range: 4 hours to 6 days) after the injury. Average follow-up was 18 days (range: 7 days to 5 months). Final visual acuity was 20/200 or worse in 5 @entity0 , 20/40 or better in 23 @entity0 , and could not be assessed in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: Airsoft guns can cause a variety of serious injuries, sometimes necessitating operative intervention. The long-term morbidity from some of these injuries is significant. Airsoft guns are capable of inflicting serious and permanent @entity1 .

title: XXXX from airsoft toy guns.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Currents carried by @entity3 through @entity0 channels were recorded in the whole-cell configuration in isolated frog sympathetic neurons. The effect of surface charge on the apparent saturation of the channel with @entity3 was examined by varying [ @entity3 ]o and ionic strength. The current increased with [ @entity3 ]o, and the I-V relation and the activation curve shifted to more positive voltages. The shift of activation could be described by Gouy-Chapman theory, with a surface charge density of 1 e-/140 A2, calculated from the Grahame equation. Changes in ionic strength (replacing @entity4 with @entity1 ) shifted the activation curve as expected for a surface charge density of 1 e-/85 A2, in reasonable agreement with the value from changing [ @entity3 ]o. The instantaneous I-V for fully activated channels also changed with ionic strength, which could be described either by a low surface charge density (less than 1 @entity2 ), or by block by NMG with Kd approximately 300 mM (assuming no surface charge). We conclude that the channel permeation mechanism sees much less surface charge than the gating mechanism. The peak inward current saturated with an apparent Kd = 11.6 mM for @entity3 , while the instantaneous I-V saturated with an apparent Kd = 23.5 mM at 0 mV. This discrepancy can be explained by a lower surface charge near the pore, compared to the voltage sensor. After correction for a surface charge near the pore of 1 @entity2 , the instantaneous I-V saturated as a function of local [ @entity3 ]o, with Kd = 65 mM. These results suggest that the channel pore does bind @entity3 in a saturable manner, but the current-[ @entity3 ]o relationship may be significantly affected by surface charge.

title: Surface charge and XXXX channel saturation in bullfrog sympathetic neurons.

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. We have investigated whether in @entity1 embryos, spinal interneurons of the central pattern generator (CPG) receive cholinergic or electrical excitatory input during swimming. The functions of cholinergic excitation during swimming were also investigated. 2. Intracellular recordings were made from rhythmically active presumed premotor interneurons in the dorsal third of the spinal cord. After locally blocking inhibitory potentials with 2 microM strychnine and 40 microM bicuculline, the reliability of spike firing and the amplitude of fast, on-cycle, excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) underlying the single on-cycle spikes were measured during fictive swimming. 3. The nicotinic antagonists @entity3 and @entity6 (DH beta E, both 10 microM) reversibly reduced the reliability of the spike firing during swimming and reduced the amplitude of the on-cycle EPSP by 16%. DH beta E also reduced the EPSP amplitude in spinalized embryos by 22%. These results indicate that interneurons receive rhythmic cholinergic excitation from a source within the spinal cord. 4. Combined applications of nicotinic and excitatory @entity0 (EAA) antagonists or @entity5 ( @entity4 , 100-200 microM) resulted in complete block of the fast EPSP, suggesting that interneurons do not receive electrical excitation. 5. The nicotinic antagonists @entity7 and @entity3 (both 5 microM) reduced the duration of episodes of fictive swimming recorded from the ventral roots, in spinal embryos. When applied in the middle of a long episode, @entity3 decreased the swimming frequency, ruling out an effect on the initiation pathway. The cholinesterase inhibitor @entity2 (10 microM) increased the duration of swimming episodes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Cholinergic contribution to excitation in a spinal locomotor central pattern generator in XXXX embryos.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the etiology and seroepidemiology of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in Hawaii. METHODS: Blood and fine-needle aspirate (FNA) from the lymph nodes of 39 consecutive @entity0 with clinical @entity6 were cultured for @entity5 , and blood samples from index @entity3 , stray @entity3 , and @entity1 were cultured and their sera were tested by indirect fluorescence antibody test for antibodies to @entity5 and Afipia felis. Sera from age- and sex-matched @entity0 subjects without cat exposure served as controls. RESULTS: Warthin-Starry staining showed positive results in only 4 of 32 FNAs, and @entity5 was isolated from only one FNA specimen. All of 38 @entity0 who had two or more sera tested had elevated titers of antibody to @entity5 . Only 1 of 48 @entity0 control sera had antibody to @entity5 . Of 31 kittens, 21 had positive blood culture results and elevated antibody titers to @entity5 . Of three adult @entity3 , all had negative blood culture results, but they had serologic evidence of past @entity2 . Of 23 adult stray @entity3 , 18 had elevated titers of antibody to @entity5 , but in only one was the blood culture result positive. Results of IFA tests were marginally positive for A. felis in 1 of 29 @entity0 with @entity6 and in one adult stray cat and one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the @entity5 IFA test is both highly sensitive and specific for the detection of @entity2 caused by @entity5 and for the laboratory diagnosis of @entity6 , and that FNA is seldom helpful in confirming the diagnosis. We further demonstrated that @entity6 in Hawaii is due to @entity5 and that @entity2 is directly linked to the scratch or bite of a kitten. Older @entity3 seldom have @entity4 but often have serologic evidence of past @entity2 . Our study fails to implicate @entity1 in the epidemiology of @entity6 in Hawaii, and A. felis was not etiologically implicated in @entity6 in the @entity0 subjects and animals we studied.

title: XXXX in Hawaii: etiology and seroepidemiology.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) during childhood and the effects of growth and maturation on CPAP requirements. DESIGN: Retrospective study with use of a written questionnaire administered to pediatric practitioners treating @entity1 . SETTING: Nine academic pediatric @entity1 centers. RESULTS: Data were obtained for 94 @entity0 . Three percent of @entity0 receiving CPAP were less than 1 year, 29% were 1 to 5 years, 36% were 6 to 12 years, and 32% were 13 to 19 years of age; 64% were @entity0 . The longest duration of CPAP use was 4 years. Indications for CPAP included @entity2 associated with @entity3 (27%), @entity4 (25%), idiopathic @entity2 persisting after adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy (17%), and trisomy 21 (13%). Continuous positive airway pressure was effective in 81 @entity0 (86%), in one @entity0 it was unsuccessful, and in 12 @entity0 compliance was inadequate. The median pressure required was 8 cm @entity5 (range, 4 to 20 cm @entity5 ); pressure requirements were independent of age or diagnosis. Twenty-two percent of @entity0 eventually required a modification of CPAP levels. Complications of CPAP were minor. Sixty-four percent of centers reported difficulty in obtaining funding for CPAP. CONCLUSIONS: Continuous positive airway pressure is safe, effective, and well tolerated by @entity0 and adolescents with @entity2 . Experience in @entity0 is limited. As pressure requirements change with @entity0 growth, we recommend that CPAP requirements be regularly reevaluated over time. The marked center-to-center variability in CPAP use suggests that specific indications for this therapy require clarification.

title: Use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure as treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 chemoprevention entails the ingestion of dietary or pharmaceutical agents that can prevent, delay, or reverse the process of @entity1 . With support provided by the National @entity0 Institute, we have been actively engaged in the systematic discovery and characterization of natural chemopreventive agents. The typical approach involves identifying active crude substances such as extracts derived from terrestrial plants or marine organisms, utilizing in vitro bioassay systems, followed by the isolation of pure active components. As part of this project, an extract obtained from a nonedible Peruvian legume, Cassia quinquangulata Rich. (Leguminosae), was evaluated and found to be active as an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase. The active component was identified as @entity2 . Surprisingly broad spectrum activity was observed, indicative of potential to inhibit @entity1 at the stages of initiation, promotion, and progression. This discovery has led to many additional research efforts. There are now around 3,500 papers concerning some aspect of @entity2 action, yet the molecule is unusually promiscuous and specific mechanisms remain elusive. Considering the structural simplicity of this @entity3 , the intensity of interest is phenomenal.

title: The phenomenon of XXXX : redefining the virtues of promiscuity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The treatment of @entity0 with apparent @entity5 is controversial. In an asymptomatic @entity0 or @entity0 the decision to recommend pyeloplasty usually is based on interpretation of the renal scan. We retrospectively analyzed the renal biopsy obtained during pyeloplasty in 55 @entity0 . Histological changes were compared to the differential renal function revealed on the preoperative renal scan. Histological changes were graded on a scale of I to V; I--normal, II--mild dilatation of the collecting tubules or Bowman's space and III to V--progressively severe changes of obstructive @entity4 , including reduced glomerular number, @entity1 , @entity3 and @entity2 . @entity0 age ranged from 4 days to 19 years (mean 4.8 years). Mean differential function according to histological grade was I--49%, II--43%, III--42%, IV--30% and V--25%. Of 33 @entity0 with a differential function of 40% or greater 26 (79%) had a grade I or II biopsy, while 21% had a more significant alteration in renal histology. In contrast when the differential function was less than 40% 6 of 18 @entity0 (33%) had grade I or II disease on biopsy. In conclusion, in approximately 25% of @entity0 with @entity5 there is a disparity between preoperative differential renal function computed during diuretic renography and renal biopsy.

title: Renal histological changes secondary to XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 101 pediatric @entity0 who underwent uncomplicated ureteral reimplantation and were treated with postoperative epidural catheters for @entity2 management. A total of 50 pediatric @entity0 treated without epidural anesthesia was used as the control group. Length of hospital stay, time to first bowel activity, doses of narcotics, incidence of @entity1 and evidence of epidural catheter related morbidities were documented. The costs of postoperative epidural anesthesia versus standard analgesics were compared. There was no significant difference in length of hospital stay or return of bowel function between treatment groups. Total doses of narcotics given during the hospital stay were significantly less for the epidural group (p < 0.05). The @entity0 given epidural anesthesia also had a significant increase in the incidence of @entity1 (p < 0.05) and 25% had catheter related problems that often resulted in early removal of the epidural catheter. The cost of @entity2 management using an epidural catheter was significantly greater than that of the standard narcotic regimen ( 708 versus  14, p < 0.001). Continuous epidural infusion provides satisfactory @entity2 control after ureteroneocystostomy in @entity0 without delaying hospital discharge. This technique of @entity2 management is associated with a significant increase in the incidence of @entity1 and overall cost compared to standard methods of postoperative @entity2 management.

title: Continuous epidural anesthesia after ureteroneocystostomy in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To compare the effect of @entity4 and @entity6 alone and along with additional @entity5 or @entity7 on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: @entity0 (n =148) with reduced @entity2 (T-score < -1) were randomized to receive @entity6 (1000 IU) and @entity8 (800 mg) daily alone(group A, n = 32) or along with additional @entity5 (25 mg bid) (group B, n = 62) or additional @entity7 (1 mg iv/3-monthly) (group C, n = 54). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and proximal right femur and X-rays of the spine were performed at baseline and after 1.0, 2.25 and 3.5 years. @entity3 -assessment included visual reading of X-rays and quantitative morphometry of vertebral bodies (T4-L4). RESULTS: One hundred and twenty three (83.1%) @entity0 completed the first year for intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Ninety two (62.2%) @entity0 completed the second year and 71 (47.8%) the third year available for per-protocol (PP) analysis. With a significant increase in T-score of the lumbar spine by +0.28    0.35 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.162-0.460, P < 0.01], +0.33    0.49 (95% CI: 0.109-0.558, P < 0.01), +0.43    0.47 (95% CI: 0.147-0.708, P < 0.01) in group A, +0.22    0.33 (95% CI: 0.125-0.321, P < 0.01); +0.47    0.60 (95% CI: 0.262-0.676, P < 0.01), +0.51    0.44 (95% CI: 0.338-0.682, P < 0.01) in group B and +0.22    0.38 (95% CI: 0.111-0.329, P < 0.01), +0.36    0.53 (95% CI: 0.147-0.578, P < 0.01), +0.41    0.48 (95% CI: 0.238-0.576, P < 0.01) in group C, respectively, during the 1.0, 2.25 and 3.5 year periods (PP analysis), no treatment regimen was superior in any in- or between-group analyses. In the ITT analysis, similar results in all in- and between-group analyses with a significant in-group but non-significant between-group increase in T-score of the lumbar spine by 0.38    0.46 (group A, P < 0.01), 0.37    0.50 (group B, P < 0.01) and 0.35    0.49 (group C, P < 0.01) was observed. Follow-up in ITT analysis was still 2.65 years. One @entity3 in the @entity5 group was detected. Study medication was safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Additional @entity5 or @entity7 had no benefit over @entity4 and @entity6 alone in managing reduced @entity2 in @entity1 .

title: Bones and Crohn's: no benefit of adding @entity5 or @entity7 to XXXX and vitamin D.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: To compare the effect of @entity4 and @entity6 alone and along with additional @entity5 or @entity7 on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: @entity0 (n =148) with reduced @entity2 (T-score < -1) were randomized to receive @entity6 (1000 IU) and @entity8 (800 mg) daily alone(group A, n = 32) or along with additional @entity5 (25 mg bid) (group B, n = 62) or additional @entity7 (1 mg iv/3-monthly) (group C, n = 54). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and proximal right femur and X-rays of the spine were performed at baseline and after 1.0, 2.25 and 3.5 years. @entity3 -assessment included visual reading of X-rays and quantitative morphometry of vertebral bodies (T4-L4). RESULTS: One hundred and twenty three (83.1%) @entity0 completed the first year for intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Ninety two (62.2%) @entity0 completed the second year and 71 (47.8%) the third year available for per-protocol (PP) analysis. With a significant increase in T-score of the lumbar spine by +0.28    0.35 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.162-0.460, P < 0.01], +0.33    0.49 (95% CI: 0.109-0.558, P < 0.01), +0.43    0.47 (95% CI: 0.147-0.708, P < 0.01) in group A, +0.22    0.33 (95% CI: 0.125-0.321, P < 0.01); +0.47    0.60 (95% CI: 0.262-0.676, P < 0.01), +0.51    0.44 (95% CI: 0.338-0.682, P < 0.01) in group B and +0.22    0.38 (95% CI: 0.111-0.329, P < 0.01), +0.36    0.53 (95% CI: 0.147-0.578, P < 0.01), +0.41    0.48 (95% CI: 0.238-0.576, P < 0.01) in group C, respectively, during the 1.0, 2.25 and 3.5 year periods (PP analysis), no treatment regimen was superior in any in- or between-group analyses. In the ITT analysis, similar results in all in- and between-group analyses with a significant in-group but non-significant between-group increase in T-score of the lumbar spine by 0.38    0.46 (group A, P < 0.01), 0.37    0.50 (group B, P < 0.01) and 0.35    0.49 (group C, P < 0.01) was observed. Follow-up in ITT analysis was still 2.65 years. One @entity3 in the @entity5 group was detected. Study medication was safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Additional @entity5 or @entity7 had no benefit over @entity4 and @entity6 alone in managing reduced @entity2 in @entity1 .

title: Bones and Crohn's: no benefit of adding @entity5 or XXXX to @entity4 and vitamin D.

answer: @entity7


abstract: AIM: To compare the effect of @entity4 and @entity6 alone and along with additional @entity5 or @entity7 on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: @entity0 (n =148) with reduced @entity2 (T-score < -1) were randomized to receive @entity6 (1000 IU) and @entity8 (800 mg) daily alone(group A, n = 32) or along with additional @entity5 (25 mg bid) (group B, n = 62) or additional @entity7 (1 mg iv/3-monthly) (group C, n = 54). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry of the lumbar spine (L1-L4) and proximal right femur and X-rays of the spine were performed at baseline and after 1.0, 2.25 and 3.5 years. @entity3 -assessment included visual reading of X-rays and quantitative morphometry of vertebral bodies (T4-L4). RESULTS: One hundred and twenty three (83.1%) @entity0 completed the first year for intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. Ninety two (62.2%) @entity0 completed the second year and 71 (47.8%) the third year available for per-protocol (PP) analysis. With a significant increase in T-score of the lumbar spine by +0.28    0.35 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.162-0.460, P < 0.01], +0.33    0.49 (95% CI: 0.109-0.558, P < 0.01), +0.43    0.47 (95% CI: 0.147-0.708, P < 0.01) in group A, +0.22    0.33 (95% CI: 0.125-0.321, P < 0.01); +0.47    0.60 (95% CI: 0.262-0.676, P < 0.01), +0.51    0.44 (95% CI: 0.338-0.682, P < 0.01) in group B and +0.22    0.38 (95% CI: 0.111-0.329, P < 0.01), +0.36    0.53 (95% CI: 0.147-0.578, P < 0.01), +0.41    0.48 (95% CI: 0.238-0.576, P < 0.01) in group C, respectively, during the 1.0, 2.25 and 3.5 year periods (PP analysis), no treatment regimen was superior in any in- or between-group analyses. In the ITT analysis, similar results in all in- and between-group analyses with a significant in-group but non-significant between-group increase in T-score of the lumbar spine by 0.38    0.46 (group A, P < 0.01), 0.37    0.50 (group B, P < 0.01) and 0.35    0.49 (group C, P < 0.01) was observed. Follow-up in ITT analysis was still 2.65 years. One @entity3 in the @entity5 group was detected. Study medication was safe and well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Additional @entity5 or @entity7 had no benefit over @entity4 and @entity6 alone in managing reduced @entity2 in @entity1 .

title: Bones and Crohn's: no benefit of adding XXXX or @entity7 to @entity4 and vitamin D.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a common disease characterized by @entity2 and irreversible destruction of articular cartilage and bone. In this report, we examined the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of a novel @entity10 analogue, UTL-5b (also known as GBL-5b), for potential @entity6 treatment. Using a carrageenan-induced @entity0 study in @entity3 , UTL-5b exhibited a better anti-inflammatory effect as compared with @entity10 and its metabolite. The chronic efficacy of UTL-5b was examined using type II collagen-induced @entity8 (CIA) @entity1 model. UTL-5b exerted an anti-arthritic effect in a dose-dependant manner with @entity1 given 30 mg/kg exhibiting amelioration of disease early in the trial, but losing statistical significance over time. In contrast, @entity1 treated with 60 mg/kg showed reduced clinical disease parameters early in the trial and these effects were sustained over the ten week trial period. Mechanistic studies indicate that UTL-5b is an inhibitor of @entity9 production in vivo. Oral administration of UTL-5b prior to i.p. injection with lethal dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/ @entity11 markedly reduced the levels of serum @entity9 and increased survival rates of animals from @entity7 -induced @entity5 . Acute @entity4 study using @entity1 receiving increasing doses of UTL-5b showed that no animals were killed by UTL-5b at 2,000 mg/kg (LD(50) >2,000 mg/kg). Our studies show that UTL-5b represents a novel anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic agent with potential therapeutic application for @entity6 treatment.

title: Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritic Effects of a Novel XXXX Analogue, UTL-5b (GBL-5b).

answer: @entity10


abstract: AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of this study is to test the effect of low dose radiation on the subfoveal neovascular membranes (SNVM) and to analyse visual acuity in age-related @entity2 . METHODS AND @entity0 : From November 1993 through to August 1994, 10 @entity0 , on the one hand, were given a dose of 5 Gy followed by controls 6 weeks and 6 months later. On the other hand, 21 @entity0 were treated with a dose of 8 Gy and were subjected to controls 6 weeks later. Before the radiotherapy and during the control sessions, all @entity0 were required to be measured for different parameters of visual acuity and to receive a simultaneous @entity1 and @entity3 angiography. The radiotherapy was done by a linear accelerator 6 MeV and through a lateral port 3 x 4 cm in half beam technic. RESULTS: In the 5 Gy group, no changes in the parameters for visual acuity were noted in most cases after 6 months. In 9 of the cases, the membranes had increased in size and in 1 case, they had remained unchanged. In the 8 Gy group, no changes in the visual acuity or in the membrane size were diagnosed. Of all the @entity0 treated, only one refused the angiography control. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Given the low dose used and the period of observation, the visual acuity of all @entity0 remained stable. The size of the membranes increased in most cases for those 5 Gy @entity0 and in this respect, no changes at all were noted in the 8 Gy @entity0 . In order to better evaluate the potential of radiotherapy, this study must be pursued and coupled with further studies analysing the effect of different doses on @entity0 .

title: [Low dosage radiotherapy of subfoveal neovascularization in age-related XXXX . Preliminary results].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence and severity of @entity1 in @entity0 in different regions. We hypothesised that regions with different standardised hospital admission rates would have different prevalences of @entity3 and that diverse climates would result in a range of sensitisations to different allergens. DESIGN AND SETTING: We studied large random population samples of @entity0 in seven regions in New South Wales (NSW) in 1991-1993. Hospitalisation rates were obtained from NSW Department of Health data. @entity0 : 6394 @entity0 aged 8-11 years. OUTCOME MEASURES: History of respiratory symptoms by self-administered questionnaire; airway hyperresponsiveness by @entity2 inhalation test; and sensitisation to allergens by skin-prick tests. RESULTS: @entity0 in all regions had a high prevalence of recent wheeze (22%-27%), of diagnosed @entity3 (24%-38%) and of use of @entity3 medications (22%-30%), but no region was consistently higher or lower for all measurements. The prevalence of current @entity3 in @entity0 living in three coastal regions (where sensitisation to house-dust mites was high) and in the far west (where sensitisation to alternaria was high) was 12%-13%, which was significantly higher than the prevalence of 7%-10% in @entity0 living in three inland regions (where sensitisation to these allergens was lower) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: We found significant variations in the prevalence and severity of @entity3 in NSW. The prevalence of hospitalisations, diagnosed @entity3 , recent symptoms and medication use may relate to different regional diagnostic patterns, whereas current @entity3 prevalence may relate to different levels of @entity1 .

title: Prevalence and severity of XXXX in seven climatic regions of New South Wales.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a common condition that often presents in childhood. Although there is a general perception of cyclic annual trends in @entity2 , no one has tried to identify any seasonal variation on its prevalence and incidence, associate environmental influences and impute geographic, ethnic, or even genetic features that may contribute to its onset. We aimed to analyze the influence of climate and geographic parameters on annual fluctuation of @entity2 cases referred to the Emergency Departments (EDs) of Norwich (UK) and Heraklion (Crete, Greece), compare all identifiable potential triggers and severity, and calculate the prevalence and incidence of @entity2 . Record-based data of all @entity0 up to 14 yr of age referred to both EDs between June 2005 and May 2007 were examined retrospectively. Demographic characteristics and any potential identifiable triggers of @entity2 were recorded and compared. Poisson's regression was utilized to examine any influence of meteorological parameters on @entity2 incidence. Edwards' test for seasonality was applied to identify any significant seasonal trend of the @entity2 incidence within each city. Seven hundred and twenty-nine @entity2 cases were identified (324 in Norwich and 405 in Heraklion), among 56,624 total referrals (28,931 and 27,693 cases, respectively). @entity3 were found to be the most commonly associated potential triggers of @entity2 and food allergens the least. @entity2 cases and incidence rates in both cities were equally distributed during the study period. A non-significant seasonal trend in @entity2 incidence (October, April-May) was observed in Norwich, in contrast to a significant seasonal pattern (December, February-May) of @entity2 in Heraklion. Temperature was inversely associated with @entity2 incidence, while the statistically significant effect of relative humidity varied. Acute childhood @entity1 shows a similar epidemiological pattern in northern and southern Europe regardless of the expected differences in genetic, geographic, and environmental background. Temperature and humidity are correlated with @entity2 incidence. @entity4 , the most prominent associated trigger of @entity2 , coincides with the observed @entity2 seasonality, suggesting a potential linkage. However, this needs to be elucidated from larger epidemiological studies.

title: Childhood acute XXXX in northern and southern Europe shows a similar epidemiological pattern and significant meteorological influences.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This is a case of chromosome 22q11 deletion in a female Chinese @entity0 with @entity9 . @entity4 included a @entity8 interrupted aortic arch from the descending aorta with an @entity11 , a large @entity7 , a small @entity1 and a large patent ductus arteriosus. This @entity0 was small for her age and showed symptoms of feeding difficulties, chronic @entity3 and @entity2 (frontal bossing, @entity12 , @entity6 , @entity13 and @entity10 ). Chest film did not reveal a thymic shadow. Immunological studies showed a low T-cell ratio (20%). Laboratory tests revealed a borderline low serum @entity5 level. The karyotype, 46, XX, del(22) (q11.21-->q11.23), was observed by high-resolution banding techniques. Cardiac surgery was successfully performed at 1 month of age. Operative findings confirmed @entity4 . To our knowledge, this is the first Taiwanese case of @entity9 proven immunologically and cytogenetically.

title: Microdeletion of chromosomal region 22q11 in XXXX : report of a case.

answer: @entity9


abstract: It is well established that @entity3 are potent stimulators of @entity4 (PRL) secretion. It has also been demonstrated that @entity2 (E2) can increase the expression and the anterior pituitary levels of the vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity6 ), a peptide which also acts as a potent PRL-releasing factor. It thus remained unknown whether the effects on pituitary @entity6 were due to E2 itself or to E2-induced @entity5 ( @entity5 ). In order to test this hypothesis, various plasma PRL levels were induced in @entity1 either with ectopic pituitary grafts, PRL secreting @entity0 or E2 implants, and @entity6 mRNA expression in the anterior pituitary was measured by in situ hybridization and Northern blot analyses. Whereas decreases in @entity6 mRNA can be observed in pituitaries of @entity1 with pure @entity5 , a 6-fold increase in @entity6 mRNA can be seen in E2-treated @entity1 . E2 increased both 1.0 and 1.7 Kb @entity6 mRNA species. The presence of the graft in E2-treated @entity1 significantly reduced the increase in VIPmRNA observed following E2. The direct stimulation by E2 of @entity6 mRNA expression was further demonstrated by the fact that statistical analysis of the data indicated that both E2 and graft were acting independently of each other, and that a new selective antiestrogen, @entity7 , almost totally blocked the effect of E2. Moreover, under similar experimental conditions, pituitary PRL mRNA levels were reduced in the graft group and a marked up-regulation was observed similarly in both E2 and in E2 @entity1 bearing ectopic grafts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX induces vasoactive intestinal peptide and @entity4 gene expression in the @entity1 anterior pituitary independently of plasma @entity4 levels.

answer: @entity2


abstract: It is well established that @entity3 are potent stimulators of @entity4 (PRL) secretion. It has also been demonstrated that @entity2 (E2) can increase the expression and the anterior pituitary levels of the vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity6 ), a peptide which also acts as a potent PRL-releasing factor. It thus remained unknown whether the effects on pituitary @entity6 were due to E2 itself or to E2-induced @entity5 ( @entity5 ). In order to test this hypothesis, various plasma PRL levels were induced in @entity1 either with ectopic pituitary grafts, PRL secreting @entity0 or E2 implants, and @entity6 mRNA expression in the anterior pituitary was measured by in situ hybridization and Northern blot analyses. Whereas decreases in @entity6 mRNA can be observed in pituitaries of @entity1 with pure @entity5 , a 6-fold increase in @entity6 mRNA can be seen in E2-treated @entity1 . E2 increased both 1.0 and 1.7 Kb @entity6 mRNA species. The presence of the graft in E2-treated @entity1 significantly reduced the increase in VIPmRNA observed following E2. The direct stimulation by E2 of @entity6 mRNA expression was further demonstrated by the fact that statistical analysis of the data indicated that both E2 and graft were acting independently of each other, and that a new selective antiestrogen, @entity7 , almost totally blocked the effect of E2. Moreover, under similar experimental conditions, pituitary PRL mRNA levels were reduced in the graft group and a marked up-regulation was observed similarly in both E2 and in E2 @entity1 bearing ectopic grafts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity2 induces vasoactive intestinal peptide and XXXX gene expression in the @entity1 anterior pituitary independently of plasma @entity4 levels.

answer: @entity4


abstract: It is well established that @entity3 are potent stimulators of @entity4 (PRL) secretion. It has also been demonstrated that @entity2 (E2) can increase the expression and the anterior pituitary levels of the vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity6 ), a peptide which also acts as a potent PRL-releasing factor. It thus remained unknown whether the effects on pituitary @entity6 were due to E2 itself or to E2-induced @entity5 ( @entity5 ). In order to test this hypothesis, various plasma PRL levels were induced in @entity1 either with ectopic pituitary grafts, PRL secreting @entity0 or E2 implants, and @entity6 mRNA expression in the anterior pituitary was measured by in situ hybridization and Northern blot analyses. Whereas decreases in @entity6 mRNA can be observed in pituitaries of @entity1 with pure @entity5 , a 6-fold increase in @entity6 mRNA can be seen in E2-treated @entity1 . E2 increased both 1.0 and 1.7 Kb @entity6 mRNA species. The presence of the graft in E2-treated @entity1 significantly reduced the increase in VIPmRNA observed following E2. The direct stimulation by E2 of @entity6 mRNA expression was further demonstrated by the fact that statistical analysis of the data indicated that both E2 and graft were acting independently of each other, and that a new selective antiestrogen, @entity7 , almost totally blocked the effect of E2. Moreover, under similar experimental conditions, pituitary PRL mRNA levels were reduced in the graft group and a marked up-regulation was observed similarly in both E2 and in E2 @entity1 bearing ectopic grafts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity2 induces vasoactive intestinal peptide and @entity4 gene expression in the @entity1 anterior pituitary independently of plasma XXXX levels.

answer: @entity4


abstract: It is well established that @entity3 are potent stimulators of @entity4 (PRL) secretion. It has also been demonstrated that @entity2 (E2) can increase the expression and the anterior pituitary levels of the vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity6 ), a peptide which also acts as a potent PRL-releasing factor. It thus remained unknown whether the effects on pituitary @entity6 were due to E2 itself or to E2-induced @entity5 ( @entity5 ). In order to test this hypothesis, various plasma PRL levels were induced in @entity1 either with ectopic pituitary grafts, PRL secreting @entity0 or E2 implants, and @entity6 mRNA expression in the anterior pituitary was measured by in situ hybridization and Northern blot analyses. Whereas decreases in @entity6 mRNA can be observed in pituitaries of @entity1 with pure @entity5 , a 6-fold increase in @entity6 mRNA can be seen in E2-treated @entity1 . E2 increased both 1.0 and 1.7 Kb @entity6 mRNA species. The presence of the graft in E2-treated @entity1 significantly reduced the increase in VIPmRNA observed following E2. The direct stimulation by E2 of @entity6 mRNA expression was further demonstrated by the fact that statistical analysis of the data indicated that both E2 and graft were acting independently of each other, and that a new selective antiestrogen, @entity7 , almost totally blocked the effect of E2. Moreover, under similar experimental conditions, pituitary PRL mRNA levels were reduced in the graft group and a marked up-regulation was observed similarly in both E2 and in E2 @entity1 bearing ectopic grafts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity2 induces vasoactive intestinal peptide and @entity4 gene expression in the XXXX anterior pituitary independently of plasma @entity4 levels.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A retrospective analysis of the ultrasonic charts of 150 pregnancies with a birth weight below the tenth percentile is presented. In all cases the first scan was carried out before the 20th week of gestation to assess gestational age measuring crown to rump length or @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Subsequent scans every 4 weeks measured @entity2 or abdominal circumference. Birth weight was below the fifth percentile in 70 cases and between the fifth and tenth percentiles in 80 cases. A risk condition was found in 32.26%. The first observation of an abnormal parameter was widely spread throughout the latter half of the pregnancy. The management of @entity1 included close observation and often required planned delivery. Cesarean section was required in 30.75% of the cases. Acute @entity0 has been the indication in 17.6% of cases and chronic @entity0 in 41.3%. Perinatal mortality was 6.66%. The need for criteria that will accurately detect the fetus most at risk from complications of @entity1 is stressed.

title: Management of XXXX : diagnostic and clinical aspects.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The choledochus and pancreatic duct ordinarily enter the duodenum either separately or via a common channel located in the duodenal wall. The usual maximal length of the common channel is approximately 0.5 cm. An anomalous junction of the pancreaticobiliary tract is defined by the presence of an unusually long common channel whose length is 1 cm or longer. During the last 8 years, we studied 9 cases of @entity2 of the bile duct. Besides the @entity6 , all @entity0 had a common channel which measured 1.5 cm or longer. The mean age of @entity0 (6 females, 3 males) was 36.5 years. Three @entity0 had @entity4 . One @entity0 , a 51-year old @entity0 , had @entity3 without stones while the two other @entity0 , a 43-year old @entity0 and a 32-year old @entity0 , had @entity1 arising from the wall of the @entity2 . These two @entity0 had undergone a simple internal drainage procedure 16 and 8 years before, respectively. Our study suggests that the anomalous junction of the pancreaticobiliary tract, an @entity5 which allows the reflux of pancreatic juice into the bile duct and gallbladder, may be responsible for @entity4 . Total excision of the @entity2 and the gallbladder with hepaticojejunostomy is the appropriate surgical treatment.

title: [ XXXX of the common bile duct, anomaly of the biliopancreatic junction and cancer of the bile ducts].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 (CN), a @entity1 /calmodulin-regulated phosphatase 2B, plays an important role in many biological processes including T-cell signal transduction. In the present study, the distribution and activity of CN were investigated in @entity0 tissues. CN has a wide tissue distribution, as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CN concentrations are 0.2-0.6 micrograms/mg protein in most tissues, while the brain contains 3-10-fold higher concentrations. Immunohistochemical analyses using a monoclonal antibody to CN B subunit reveals that CN is not evenly distributed but concentrated in specific cells, especially in the brain, kidneys and testis. The specific enzymic activity of CN in tissues is around 10 pmol.min.mg protein-1, except in brain and liver (60 pmol.min-1.mg protein-1 compared to 3.6 pmol.min-1.mg protein-1). The immunosuppressants @entity2 and @entity3 , but not @entity4 , inhibit the phosphatase activity of CN derived from most tissues tested, while CN activity from liver was resistant to @entity2 . Furthermore, transcripts and protein of the common CN B subunit and of the testis-specific form of CN B subunit were analyzed. The common CN B subunit transcripts and protein are detected in all tissues. Transcripts for the 'testis-specific' CN B subunit are also found in brain, lung, thymus and heart, while the protein is only detected in testis. This indicates that the testis-specific CN B subunit gene expression is regulated at both transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. The findings demonstrate that CN is a widely distributed protein phosphatase and that its activity is regulated in a tissue-specific manner.

title: Distribution and activity of calcineurin in XXXX tissues. Evidence for post-transcriptional regulation of testis-specific calcineurin B.

answer: @entity0


abstract: MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data from 672 female @entity0 with @entity1 between 17 and 42 years of age were collected by questionnaire. Mean manifestation age was 19.9 years ( @entity4 , max. 38). RESULTS: 72.39% of the @entity0 were treated with @entity5 ; one third had successful pregnancies. Only one of ten @entity1 delivered more than once after @entity1 had become manifest. At the time of the study, 126 (19.1%) of the @entity0 attempted pregnancy; about one-fifth of these for more than 2 years. @entity1 manifestation occurred significantly earlier in @entity0 who did not achieve conception. Correlation between daily @entity5 dose and @entity3 was proved, whereas duration of @entity1 had no significant influence on fertility. @entity7 was found in 0.62%, among nulliparous @entity0 1.64%, respectively. Contraception was performed in 64.2% (32.8% hormonal contraceptives, 18.6% IUD, 1.8% natural family planning, 11.0% tubal sterilisation or hysterectomy, 35.8% no contraception). 47% of the used oral contraceptives contained a reduced @entity6 dose (30 micrograms @entity2 ). In one third of the users, IUD were longer than 5 years in place. Tubal sterilisation was found in 69 (10.44%) of @entity1 @entity0 ; in 51 cases before the age of 30 years. CONCLUSIONS: Contraceptive methods should be selected carefully. @entity1 @entity0 unsuccessfully attempting pregnancy should be referred early to a centre for reproductive medicine.

title: [ XXXX --an epidemiologic study of fertility, contraception and sterility].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Deposition of immunoglobulins, complement proteins @entity4 , C3c, @entity5 , C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9, and terminal complement complex neoantigens in the renal tubulointerstitium was studied in serial sections by immunofluorescence microscopy. Renal tissue from 45 cases with various @entity1 , including 8 controls, was studied. The @entity0 were divided into groups; one with @entity3 (24 cases) and the other without (13 cases). The immunoproteins were deposited mainly in the tubular basement membrane and blood vessels. Compared with controls there was a significantly increased staining score for C5 to C9 in the tubular basement membrane in both disease groups. However, the increase in terminal complement complex neoantigens score was significant only in the disease group with tubulo interstitial lesions. The changes in @entity5 score were not significant. Serial sections showed consistent and heavy ribbon-like deposits of complement proteins @entity5 , C5 to C9, and terminal complement complex neoantigens in corresponding locations of the segments of tubular basement membrane, mainly in the disease group with @entity3 and especially in the damaged tubules. These findings suggest that in situ activation of the complement cascade leads to the deposition of terminal complement complex neoantigens. Complement activation in the basal area of the tubules may, therefore, be an important pathogenetic mechanism in @entity2 .

title: Role of complement in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Claims for medical liability mostly arise when a @entity0 believes that his @entity2 was not accurately diagnosed, diagnosed too late or insufficiently or was not well treated. Guided by seven expert opinions potential problems in indemnity were depicted. A clear misdiagnosis of sudden @entity1 (e.g., a @entity1 taken for @entity3 ) will lead to an accusation of malpractice if the doctor cannot prove an accurate otological examination and appropriate diagnostic studies. The burden of proof lies with the doctor. A further consequence of a missed diagnosis is a delay in treatment. In the literature the good prognostic factor of early treatment has been stressed but without delineating a clearcut line between "in time" and "too late". An accusation of malpractice by insufficient treatment (pills instead of infusions) has risen. Since an unequivocal treatment is not established and various modalities of therapy are still controversial, disputes could be settled more easily. The validity of "no treatment" may be considered but requires accurate diagnosis and the @entity0 must give informed consent. Such a procedure is justifiable, even from an ethical standpoint, when the @entity0 fully understands and agrees.

title: [Expert assessment within the scope of the XXXX picture].

answer: @entity2