abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate possible alterations of vascular responsiveness to vasoactive hormones in the vessel preparations from adult @entity0 treated neonatally with high doses of @entity4 . METHODS: The responses to @entity3 and @entity1 in perfused hindlimb vascular bed and isolated renal artery were measured in @entity5 -treated (2 and 4 mg/g BW) and control groups of adult @entity0 at the age of 10 weeks. Acetylcholine test was used to assess the endothelium-dependent relaxation of the hindlimb vascular preparation. The vessel specimens from this vascular bed were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: Vasoconstrictory responses to @entity3 and @entity1 were significantly reduced in the hindlimb vascular bed in @entity5 -treated @entity0 . In the renal artery, a significant decrease of the responses to @entity3 was found without significant changes in the responses to @entity1 . The observed changes were more pronounced in groups treated with a high dose of @entity5 . Comparison of relaxing responses to @entity2 in the hindlimb preparation did not show any statistically significant differences in control and @entity5 treated groups. Histological evaluation of this preparations did not reveal any endothelial damage or morphological changes of vessel wall. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results showed reduced vascular responsiveness to vasoconstrictory agents in adult @entity0 neonatally treated with @entity5 suggesting that early postnatal administration of @entity4 may result in irreversible changes in cardiovascular function.

title: Early Postnatal XXXX Treatment Results in Altered Vascular Responsiveness to @entity1 and @entity3 in Adult @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate possible alterations of vascular responsiveness to vasoactive hormones in the vessel preparations from adult @entity0 treated neonatally with high doses of @entity4 . METHODS: The responses to @entity3 and @entity1 in perfused hindlimb vascular bed and isolated renal artery were measured in @entity5 -treated (2 and 4 mg/g BW) and control groups of adult @entity0 at the age of 10 weeks. Acetylcholine test was used to assess the endothelium-dependent relaxation of the hindlimb vascular preparation. The vessel specimens from this vascular bed were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: Vasoconstrictory responses to @entity3 and @entity1 were significantly reduced in the hindlimb vascular bed in @entity5 -treated @entity0 . In the renal artery, a significant decrease of the responses to @entity3 was found without significant changes in the responses to @entity1 . The observed changes were more pronounced in groups treated with a high dose of @entity5 . Comparison of relaxing responses to @entity2 in the hindlimb preparation did not show any statistically significant differences in control and @entity5 treated groups. Histological evaluation of this preparations did not reveal any endothelial damage or morphological changes of vessel wall. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results showed reduced vascular responsiveness to vasoconstrictory agents in adult @entity0 neonatally treated with @entity5 suggesting that early postnatal administration of @entity4 may result in irreversible changes in cardiovascular function.

title: Early Postnatal @entity4 Treatment Results in Altered Vascular Responsiveness to @entity1 and XXXX in Adult @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate possible alterations of vascular responsiveness to vasoactive hormones in the vessel preparations from adult @entity0 treated neonatally with high doses of @entity4 . METHODS: The responses to @entity3 and @entity1 in perfused hindlimb vascular bed and isolated renal artery were measured in @entity5 -treated (2 and 4 mg/g BW) and control groups of adult @entity0 at the age of 10 weeks. Acetylcholine test was used to assess the endothelium-dependent relaxation of the hindlimb vascular preparation. The vessel specimens from this vascular bed were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: Vasoconstrictory responses to @entity3 and @entity1 were significantly reduced in the hindlimb vascular bed in @entity5 -treated @entity0 . In the renal artery, a significant decrease of the responses to @entity3 was found without significant changes in the responses to @entity1 . The observed changes were more pronounced in groups treated with a high dose of @entity5 . Comparison of relaxing responses to @entity2 in the hindlimb preparation did not show any statistically significant differences in control and @entity5 treated groups. Histological evaluation of this preparations did not reveal any endothelial damage or morphological changes of vessel wall. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results showed reduced vascular responsiveness to vasoconstrictory agents in adult @entity0 neonatally treated with @entity5 suggesting that early postnatal administration of @entity4 may result in irreversible changes in cardiovascular function.

title: Early Postnatal @entity4 Treatment Results in Altered Vascular Responsiveness to XXXX and @entity3 in Adult @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate possible alterations of vascular responsiveness to vasoactive hormones in the vessel preparations from adult @entity0 treated neonatally with high doses of @entity4 . METHODS: The responses to @entity3 and @entity1 in perfused hindlimb vascular bed and isolated renal artery were measured in @entity5 -treated (2 and 4 mg/g BW) and control groups of adult @entity0 at the age of 10 weeks. Acetylcholine test was used to assess the endothelium-dependent relaxation of the hindlimb vascular preparation. The vessel specimens from this vascular bed were evaluated histologically. RESULTS: Vasoconstrictory responses to @entity3 and @entity1 were significantly reduced in the hindlimb vascular bed in @entity5 -treated @entity0 . In the renal artery, a significant decrease of the responses to @entity3 was found without significant changes in the responses to @entity1 . The observed changes were more pronounced in groups treated with a high dose of @entity5 . Comparison of relaxing responses to @entity2 in the hindlimb preparation did not show any statistically significant differences in control and @entity5 treated groups. Histological evaluation of this preparations did not reveal any endothelial damage or morphological changes of vessel wall. CONCLUSIONS: The obtained results showed reduced vascular responsiveness to vasoconstrictory agents in adult @entity0 neonatally treated with @entity5 suggesting that early postnatal administration of @entity4 may result in irreversible changes in cardiovascular function.

title: Early Postnatal @entity4 Treatment Results in Altered Vascular Responsiveness to @entity1 and @entity3 in Adult XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: This review focuses on the effects of oral contraceptives (OC) and @entity4 replacement therapy (ERT) on the risk of @entity7 . The relationship between OC and @entity2 risk is first placed in a historical perspective. Since 1960, when OC were introduced, the hormonal composition of OC as well as the characteristics of the OC user have changed considerably. Studies conducted in the 1970s were generally reassuring, but it was not until the 1980s that studies could evaluate the effect of prolonged OC use after an extended follow-up period. Although the relationship between @entity0 and OC has been investigated in about 40 studies, the issue still remains essentially unresolved. Most studies report no association between ever use of OC and @entity0 risk. Several studies find increased risk for prolonged use and other studies report elevated risks for @entity1 who used OC very early in their reproductive years. The inconsistent results of recent studies are attributed to bias or to geographical variation in latency period elapsed, types of OC preparations, or prevalence of other risk factors. In contrast, the use of combined OC has consistently been shown to reduce the risk of @entity3 . The risk further decreases with increasing duration of use and the protective effect seems to persist in ex-users for at least 5 years. Some evidence indicates that higher parity reduces the protective effect. Though studies relating ERT to @entity0 are far from consistent, overall, there is evidence for a moderately increased risk with high dose and/or long duration. The effect seems to be modified by mode of administration (injections vs. pills) and by type of ERT, but this needs confirmation. The number of adequate studies on the relationship between ERT and @entity3 is too small to draw firm conclusions. The positive relationship between ERT and @entity5 is now well established. The ERT effect is dose- and duration-dependent and is characterized by a short latency period. The cyclic addition of @entity6 (greater than 10 days/cycle) may reduce the risk increase.

title: The role of exogenous hormones in the epidemiology of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Goals were to determine the feasibility of conducting a study of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) for @entity5 @entity0 and to obtain preliminary data on its effectiveness. METHODS: Forty hospitalized @entity4 @entity0 completed a brief survey of @entity6 knowledge/experience. A prospective cohort (N = 12) was invited to participate in an @entity6 intervention (9 30-minute sessions over 3 weeks); they completed measures of distress, symptoms, and sleep (at weeks 1 and 5), and completed single item ratings of @entity3 , @entity2 , distress, and @entity1 immediately pre-post selected @entity6 sessions. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze change in pre-post session ratings and distress, symptom, and sleep measures. RESULTS: Among survey respondents, 8% had used @entity6 in the past, and 71% were interested in using @entity6 . In the prospective cohort, there were significant pre-post session improvements in @entity3 and @entity2 (but not in distress and @entity1 ). There were no significant changes between weeks 1 and 5 in distress, symptoms, or sleep. Ratings and qualitative feedback on @entity6 were positive, focused mainly on feeling relaxed following @entity6 sessions. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to recruit @entity0 hospitalized for @entity5 to a study of @entity6 . Preliminary data on short-term improvements in symptoms indicate these are promising outcomes for future study.

title: Healing touch as a supportive intervention for adult XXXX @entity0 : a pilot investigation of effects on distress and symptoms.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Goals were to determine the feasibility of conducting a study of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) for @entity5 @entity0 and to obtain preliminary data on its effectiveness. METHODS: Forty hospitalized @entity4 @entity0 completed a brief survey of @entity6 knowledge/experience. A prospective cohort (N = 12) was invited to participate in an @entity6 intervention (9 30-minute sessions over 3 weeks); they completed measures of distress, symptoms, and sleep (at weeks 1 and 5), and completed single item ratings of @entity3 , @entity2 , distress, and @entity1 immediately pre-post selected @entity6 sessions. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used to analyze change in pre-post session ratings and distress, symptom, and sleep measures. RESULTS: Among survey respondents, 8% had used @entity6 in the past, and 71% were interested in using @entity6 . In the prospective cohort, there were significant pre-post session improvements in @entity3 and @entity2 (but not in distress and @entity1 ). There were no significant changes between weeks 1 and 5 in distress, symptoms, or sleep. Ratings and qualitative feedback on @entity6 were positive, focused mainly on feeling relaxed following @entity6 sessions. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to recruit @entity0 hospitalized for @entity5 to a study of @entity6 . Preliminary data on short-term improvements in symptoms indicate these are promising outcomes for future study.

title: Healing touch as a supportive intervention for adult @entity5 XXXX : a pilot investigation of effects on distress and symptoms.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To provide reference values and to compare this technique with the standard motor conduction velocity (MCV) of the ulnar nerve. DESIGN: Retrospective unmasked study. SETTING: Private and institutional practice. @entity0 : The reference group included 57 healthy volunteers. @entity0 included 100 subjects with suspected @entity1 at the elbow (UNE) referred for neurophysiologic evaluation. This group was subdivided into 2 groups: group A was composed of 45 @entity0 with UNE confirmed by MCV of the ulnar nerve, and group B included 55 @entity0 with suspected UNE in whom the diagnosis could not be established by MCV of the ulnar nerve. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Differences between peak latencies of ulnar and median mixed nerve action potentials at the arm, after stimulating these nerves at the wrist. This was called mixed latency difference. RESULTS: The upper normative limit of the mixed latency difference was 1.1 ms, and there was a significant correlation with height. In group A, the mixed latency difference was abnormal in 80% of the cases and could not be calculated in 18%. In group B, the mixed latency difference was abnormal in 8 (15%) @entity0 . All of these had abnormal "inching" of the ulnar nerve across the elbow. CONCLUSIONS: The mixed latency difference was particularly useful in cases of mild UNE.

title: Mixed latency difference for diagnosis of XXXX at the elbow.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Empathy is a multidimensional construct composed of several components such as emotion recognition, emotional perspective taking and affective responsiveness. @entity0 with @entity2 demonstrate deficits in several domains of emotion processing and perspective taking, thus suggesting a dysfunctional emotional competence. We assessed empathic abilities via three paradigms measuring emotion recognition, perspective taking and affective responsiveness as well as self-report empathy questionnaires in 24 (12 females, 12 males) @entity2 @entity0 meeting the DSM-IV criteria for @entity2 and 24 matched healthy volunteers. @entity0 were recruited from the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University and healthy volunteers were recruited via advertisement. Groups were matched for age, gender and parental education. Data analysis indicates a significant @entity1 in @entity0 , reflected in worse performance in all three domains. This deficit was only partly reflected in the self-report empathy questionnaires. Comparing the different tasks, emotional perspective taking was the most difficult task for all subjects and symptomatology worsened affective responsiveness. @entity2 @entity0 not only struggle to correctly identify emotions, but also have difficulties in spontaneously simulating another @entity0 's subjective world (perspective taking) and might not be able to respond adequately in terms of their own emotional experience (affective responsiveness), which are not caused by @entity1 . The results suggest that all domains of empathy are affected in @entity2 and have to be addressed independently in behavioral therapies, thereby offering a possibility to improve socio-occupational life.

title: Generalized deficit in all core components of empathy in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To develop and determine the reliability and validity of a sensitive observational measure to assess recovery in clinically meaningful areas of function after @entity1 . DESIGN: Used survey data to identify activities difficult to perform after @entity2 ; conducted focus groups; interviewed @entity0 ; and developed a standardized protocol to prospectively test the highest ranking activities. SETTING: Evaluations conducted in 8 Baltimore hospitals or the @entity0 ' residence. @entity0 : @entity0 2 to 24 months postfracture, 65 years and older, and community-dwelling. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The Lower Extremity Gain Scale (LEGS). RESULTS: Nine performance-based activities were appropriate for administration in clinical and research settings: (1) walk 3m (10ft); put on a (2) sock and (3) shoe on the fractured side; (4) rise from an armless chair; step (5) up and (6) down 4 stairs; get (7) on and (8) off the toilet; and (9) reach for an item on the ground from a sitting position. Reproducibility is good and measures of internal consistency and content, concurrent, and construct validity are high. CONCLUSIONS: The LEGS can be easily administered by clinicians in a short time as part of care. Research and clinical scoring methods and performance norms can track recovery in activities that are most relevant in the lives of @entity0 .

title: The Lower Extremity Gain Scale: a performance-based measure to assess recovery after XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5 are often multifocal. We investigated the genomic signatures of multifocal @entity5 to determine whether @entity1 in the same kidney bear a clonal relationship to one another. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: A total of 62 @entity1 from 26 @entity0 who underwent radical nephrectomy were examined. All @entity0 had @entity5 . Loss of heterozygosity analyses were done using five microsatellite polymorphic markers that represent putative @entity1 suppressor genes on chromosome 3p14 (D3S1300), 7q31 (D7S522), 8p22 (D8S261), 9p21 (D9S171), and 17 @entity6 ( @entity4 ). X chromosome inactivation analyses were also done on the @entity3 from the 10 female @entity0 . Chromosome 3p deletion status was determined by dual color interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis in all @entity1 . RESULTS: Nineteen of the 26 (73%) @entity0 with multifocal @entity5 showed @entity2 in at least 1 of 5 microsatellite loci in separate @entity1 analyzed. A disconcordant pattern of @entity2 between coexisting @entity3 was observed in 7 cases. Six cases showed discordant 3p deletion patterns by dual color interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. Of the eight informative female cases studied by X chromosome inactivation, one showed a discordant nonrandom pattern of X chromosome inactivation. Overall, evidence of independent origin of the multifocal @entity3 was observed in 12 of 26 cases (46%). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that in a significant number of cases of multifocal @entity5 , the spatially separate @entity1 are of different clonal origin and arise independently.

title: Evidence for polyclonal origin of multifocal XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of post and ferrule length on the resistance to cyclic (fatigue) loading of teeth with prefabricated @entity3 posts (ParaPost) and crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety @entity1 teeth with similar dimensions were mounted in @entity2 with artificial @entity4 periodontal ligaments. Combinations of post lengths of 5 mm, 7.5 mm, and 10 mm, and ferrule lengths (i.e., the vertical dentinal overlap of the crown) of 0 mm, 1.25 mm, and 2.5 mm made up 9 different groups consisting of 10 teeth each. The posts were cemented with @entity5 cement. Composite-resin cores were made and crowns were cemented. Each test specimen underwent cyclic loading of 400 N with a frequency of 1 load per second at an angulation of 45 degrees to the long axis of the tooth. RESULTS: All but 2 specimens failed with a root @entity0 ; in the remaining 2 specimens the core lost retention. A large variation in the results between the various groups was observed. A nonparametric 2-way analysis for groups with a natural order revealed that the @entity0 resistance to cyclic loading increased statistically significantly with increasing ferrule length (P < 0.01), whereas increasing post length did not increase @entity0 resistance (P = 0.44). CONCLUSION: Ferrule length was more important than post length in increasing @entity0 resistance to cyclic loading of crowned teeth.

title: The influence of post length and crown ferrule length on the resistance to cyclic loading of @entity1 teeth with prefabricated XXXX posts.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the influence of post and ferrule length on the resistance to cyclic (fatigue) loading of teeth with prefabricated @entity3 posts (ParaPost) and crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety @entity1 teeth with similar dimensions were mounted in @entity2 with artificial @entity4 periodontal ligaments. Combinations of post lengths of 5 mm, 7.5 mm, and 10 mm, and ferrule lengths (i.e., the vertical dentinal overlap of the crown) of 0 mm, 1.25 mm, and 2.5 mm made up 9 different groups consisting of 10 teeth each. The posts were cemented with @entity5 cement. Composite-resin cores were made and crowns were cemented. Each test specimen underwent cyclic loading of 400 N with a frequency of 1 load per second at an angulation of 45 degrees to the long axis of the tooth. RESULTS: All but 2 specimens failed with a root @entity0 ; in the remaining 2 specimens the core lost retention. A large variation in the results between the various groups was observed. A nonparametric 2-way analysis for groups with a natural order revealed that the @entity0 resistance to cyclic loading increased statistically significantly with increasing ferrule length (P < 0.01), whereas increasing post length did not increase @entity0 resistance (P = 0.44). CONCLUSION: Ferrule length was more important than post length in increasing @entity0 resistance to cyclic loading of crowned teeth.

title: The influence of post length and crown ferrule length on the resistance to cyclic loading of XXXX teeth with prefabricated @entity3 posts.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Results of a previous randomized controlled trial have shown comparable effectiveness of a standardized eccentric loading training and of repetitive low-energy @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity0 suffering from chronic midportion Achilles @entity2 . No randomized controlled trials have tested whether a combined approach might lead to even better results. PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of 2 management strategies--group 1: eccentric loading and group 2: eccentric loading plus repetitive low-energy shock-wave therapy. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS: Sixty-eight @entity0 with a chronic recalcitrant (>6 months) noninsertional Achilles @entity2 were enrolled in a randomized controlled study. All @entity0 had received unsuccessful management for >3 months, including at least (1) peritendinous local injections, (2) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and (3) physiotherapy. A computerized random-number generator was used to draw up an allocation schedule. Analysis was on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS: At 4 months from baseline, the VISA-A score increased in both groups, from 50 to 73 points in group 1 (eccentric loading) and from 51 to 87 points in group 2 (eccentric loading plus @entity3 ). @entity1 rating decreased in both groups, from 7 to 4 points in group 1 and from 7 to 2 points in group 2. Nineteen of 34 @entity0 in group 1 (56%) and 28 of 34 @entity0 in group 2 (82%) reported a Likert scale of 1 or 2 points ("completely recovered" or "much improved"). For all outcome measures, groups 1 and 2 differed significantly in favor of the combined approach at the 4-month follow-up. At 1 year from baseline, there was no difference any longer, with 15 failed @entity0 of group 1 opting for having the combined therapy as cross-over and with 6 failed @entity0 of group 2 having undergone surgery. CONCLUSION: At 4-month follow-up, eccentric loading alone was less effective when compared with a combination of eccentric loading and repetitive low-energy @entity3 .

title: Eccentric loading versus eccentric loading plus @entity3 for XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Results of a previous randomized controlled trial have shown comparable effectiveness of a standardized eccentric loading training and of repetitive low-energy @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity0 suffering from chronic midportion Achilles @entity2 . No randomized controlled trials have tested whether a combined approach might lead to even better results. PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness of 2 management strategies--group 1: eccentric loading and group 2: eccentric loading plus repetitive low-energy shock-wave therapy. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS: Sixty-eight @entity0 with a chronic recalcitrant (>6 months) noninsertional Achilles @entity2 were enrolled in a randomized controlled study. All @entity0 had received unsuccessful management for >3 months, including at least (1) peritendinous local injections, (2) nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and (3) physiotherapy. A computerized random-number generator was used to draw up an allocation schedule. Analysis was on an intention-to-treat basis. RESULTS: At 4 months from baseline, the VISA-A score increased in both groups, from 50 to 73 points in group 1 (eccentric loading) and from 51 to 87 points in group 2 (eccentric loading plus @entity3 ). @entity1 rating decreased in both groups, from 7 to 4 points in group 1 and from 7 to 2 points in group 2. Nineteen of 34 @entity0 in group 1 (56%) and 28 of 34 @entity0 in group 2 (82%) reported a Likert scale of 1 or 2 points ("completely recovered" or "much improved"). For all outcome measures, groups 1 and 2 differed significantly in favor of the combined approach at the 4-month follow-up. At 1 year from baseline, there was no difference any longer, with 15 failed @entity0 of group 1 opting for having the combined therapy as cross-over and with 6 failed @entity0 of group 2 having undergone surgery. CONCLUSION: At 4-month follow-up, eccentric loading alone was less effective when compared with a combination of eccentric loading and repetitive low-energy @entity3 .

title: Eccentric loading versus eccentric loading plus XXXX for @entity2 : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES)-induced @entity1 is a serious complication of ERCP and occurs in 1% to 2% of all procedures. A heat probe has been used effectively for many causes of @entity1 . We prospectively investigated the efficacy and the safety of heat probe usage in @entity0 with ES-induced @entity1 . METHODS: Between July 2002 and March 2004, ERCP procedures with ES were evaluated prospectively for complications. A heat probe was used to control ES-induced @entity1 . RESULTS: ES was performed in 703 of a total of 1262 (55.7%) ERCP procedures. ES-induced @entity1 occurred in 16 @entity0 (2.3%; 10 @entity0 , 6 @entity0 ; 59.6 +/- 15.2 years). Six of 16 @entity0 bled during ERCP, and all @entity1 was controlled by heat probe. Ten @entity0 hemorrhaged after ERCP: 6 @entity0 needed endoscopic treatment with heat probe, and 4 were followed up with supportive treatment without the need for any further treatment. There was no complication caused by the heat probe in this series. CONCLUSIONS: Heat probe is an easy, safe, and effective procedure for ES-induced @entity1 treatment.

title: Endoscopic sphincterotomy-induced XXXX : treatment with heat probe.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We evaluated dietary counselling by dietitians in hypercholesterolaemic @entity1 over 6 months. A total of 141 @entity0 were randomly assigned to intensive advice or usual care. Body weight fell significantly in the intervention group, but did not in the controls. There was a modest but significant fall in total @entity2 from 7.1 to 6.8 and 7.1 to 6.9 mmol/l in the diet and the control groups, respectively (4 and 3%). A similar pattern emerged from the @entity3 measurements. Low-density lipoprotein fell in both groups, but only achieved significance (P less than 0.05) in the intervention group. High-density lipoprotein did not change. There was a more marked change in @entity2 when serum levels during the study were compared with the previous annual review. These falls occurred after selection for the study but before random allocation to groups. They are unlikely to reflect regression to the mean as the lipids were stable for 2 or more years before the study, but may reflect spontaneous changes in diet after the @entity0 were labelled hypercholesterolaemic. Dietary advice can lower total @entity2 but the magnitude of this decrease is small. Additional approaches are likely to be required to reduce plasma @entity2 to a normal range.

title: Hypercholesterolaemia in treated XXXX : a controlled trial of intensive dietary advice.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) or symptomatic elongated styloid process is an uncommon but important cause of @entity1 . This study reports our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of a series of @entity0 with @entity3 . STUDY DESIGN: @entity0 histories, radiographic tests, and operative reports of 3 @entity0 over a 3-month period were prospectively collected. SETTING: Tertiary referral otolaryngology service. RESULTS: All @entity0 had resolution of symptoms relating to their elongated styloid processes after surgical resection. CONCLUSION: Although sometimes clouded by coexisting symptoms, @entity3 can be easily diagnosed based on good history taking and physical examination. If diagnosed appropriately, surgical treatment can be administered promptly. SIGNIFICANCE: @entity0 with @entity3 commonly have a long history of @entity2 treated by multiple physicians. Appropriate diagnosis can lead to prompt treatment of this condition. EBM RATING: @entity4 .

title: Heterogeneity in the clinical presentation of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a recently described disorder that results from absence of bone over the superior semicircular canal. We have reviewed 30 cases of @entity5 found at our institution and report their presentation, workup, and response to therapy. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective chart review of all @entity0 diagnosed with @entity5 from 1999 to 2004 at the University of Utah. RESULTS: Thirty @entity0 were identified with @entity5 . @entity0 presented with chronic disequilibrium (63%), Tullio's phenomenon (41%), pressure evoked vertigo (44%), @entity4 (30%), and @entity3 (7%). ENG performed early in our series revealed @entity2 with sound presentation, Valsalva, or tympanogram; however, history and CT examination alone was used to identify this condition in most of our @entity0 . Twenty-seven of the 30 @entity0 had some symptoms related to @entity5 ; the other 3 were found to have incidental @entity5 on CT examination. Of these @entity0 , 14 had severe enough symptoms to warrant operative intervention. All, but one had resolution of their symptoms after completion of intervention. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is a highly treatable form of @entity1 once recognized. When @entity0 present with typical symptoms, workup with CT is reliable and accurate. Surgical intervention results in reversal of symptoms in most cases with low morbidity. EBM RATING: @entity6 .

title: Reversible peripheral XXXX : the treatment of superior canal dehiscence.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We investigated differences between immature and mature hippocampal neurons in their response to deprivation of @entity0 and @entity3 (in vitro @entity2 ), using intracellular recording techniques from @entity4 pyramidal neurons in @entity1 brain slices. The membrane was more depolarized in immature hippocampal @entity4 neurons (postnatal day 7, P7) compared with the adult neurons (P140), and the apparent input resistance in immature neurons was higher than that in adult neurons. In immature neurons, the threshold for action potential generation was high, and the peak amplitude of the action potential was low in comparison with adult neurons. A time-dependent inward rectification, at potentials negative than the resting potential, was prominent in neurons of @entity6 and @entity5 . After @entity5 , the resting membrane potential, the apparent input resistance, and the threshold and the peak amplitude of the action potential did not significantly change with increasing age. In adult neurons, application of @entity2 -simulating medium caused irreversible changes in membrane potential consisting of an initial hyperpolarization followed by a slow depolarization and a rapid depolarization. Once the rapid depolarization occurred, reintroduction of @entity0 and @entity3 failed to restore the membrane potential, a state referred to as irreversible membrane dysfunction. In neurons of ages P7 or @entity6 , the initial hyperpolarization was not apparent, whereas a slow depolarization followed by a rapid depolarization was observed. With development of the neurons, the latency for onset of the rapid depolarization became shorter and its maximal slope increased. Moreover, neurons of ages @entity6 or @entity5 showed a partial or complete recovery after reintroduction of @entity0 and @entity3 , unlike mature neurons. In summary, the present study has demonstrated that the initial hyperpolarization and rapid depolarization induced by in vitro @entity2 is age dependent. The rapid depolarization is not readily produced in the neurons in age less than @entity5 during ischemic exposure.

title: Membrane dysfunction induced by in vitro @entity2 in immature @entity1 hippocampal XXXX neurons.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We investigated differences between immature and mature hippocampal neurons in their response to deprivation of @entity0 and @entity3 (in vitro @entity2 ), using intracellular recording techniques from @entity4 pyramidal neurons in @entity1 brain slices. The membrane was more depolarized in immature hippocampal @entity4 neurons (postnatal day 7, P7) compared with the adult neurons (P140), and the apparent input resistance in immature neurons was higher than that in adult neurons. In immature neurons, the threshold for action potential generation was high, and the peak amplitude of the action potential was low in comparison with adult neurons. A time-dependent inward rectification, at potentials negative than the resting potential, was prominent in neurons of @entity6 and @entity5 . After @entity5 , the resting membrane potential, the apparent input resistance, and the threshold and the peak amplitude of the action potential did not significantly change with increasing age. In adult neurons, application of @entity2 -simulating medium caused irreversible changes in membrane potential consisting of an initial hyperpolarization followed by a slow depolarization and a rapid depolarization. Once the rapid depolarization occurred, reintroduction of @entity0 and @entity3 failed to restore the membrane potential, a state referred to as irreversible membrane dysfunction. In neurons of ages P7 or @entity6 , the initial hyperpolarization was not apparent, whereas a slow depolarization followed by a rapid depolarization was observed. With development of the neurons, the latency for onset of the rapid depolarization became shorter and its maximal slope increased. Moreover, neurons of ages @entity6 or @entity5 showed a partial or complete recovery after reintroduction of @entity0 and @entity3 , unlike mature neurons. In summary, the present study has demonstrated that the initial hyperpolarization and rapid depolarization induced by in vitro @entity2 is age dependent. The rapid depolarization is not readily produced in the neurons in age less than @entity5 during ischemic exposure.

title: Membrane dysfunction induced by in vitro XXXX in immature @entity1 hippocampal @entity4 neurons.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We investigated differences between immature and mature hippocampal neurons in their response to deprivation of @entity0 and @entity3 (in vitro @entity2 ), using intracellular recording techniques from @entity4 pyramidal neurons in @entity1 brain slices. The membrane was more depolarized in immature hippocampal @entity4 neurons (postnatal day 7, P7) compared with the adult neurons (P140), and the apparent input resistance in immature neurons was higher than that in adult neurons. In immature neurons, the threshold for action potential generation was high, and the peak amplitude of the action potential was low in comparison with adult neurons. A time-dependent inward rectification, at potentials negative than the resting potential, was prominent in neurons of @entity6 and @entity5 . After @entity5 , the resting membrane potential, the apparent input resistance, and the threshold and the peak amplitude of the action potential did not significantly change with increasing age. In adult neurons, application of @entity2 -simulating medium caused irreversible changes in membrane potential consisting of an initial hyperpolarization followed by a slow depolarization and a rapid depolarization. Once the rapid depolarization occurred, reintroduction of @entity0 and @entity3 failed to restore the membrane potential, a state referred to as irreversible membrane dysfunction. In neurons of ages P7 or @entity6 , the initial hyperpolarization was not apparent, whereas a slow depolarization followed by a rapid depolarization was observed. With development of the neurons, the latency for onset of the rapid depolarization became shorter and its maximal slope increased. Moreover, neurons of ages @entity6 or @entity5 showed a partial or complete recovery after reintroduction of @entity0 and @entity3 , unlike mature neurons. In summary, the present study has demonstrated that the initial hyperpolarization and rapid depolarization induced by in vitro @entity2 is age dependent. The rapid depolarization is not readily produced in the neurons in age less than @entity5 during ischemic exposure.

title: Membrane dysfunction induced by in vitro @entity2 in immature XXXX hippocampal @entity4 neurons.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To establish an optimal age threshold for endoscopy referral in @entity0 with simple @entity3 in the setting of European developing country (Bosnia and Herzegovina) with low availability and high workload of endoscopy units. METHODS: We reviewed @entity0 information on all upper endoscopies performed during a 6-year period (2000-2005). Different age thresholds were evaluated in terms of their predictive power for absence of @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 82 of 4403 (1.86%) dyspeptic @entity0 had @entity2 . Age cutoffs of 40 years for @entity0 and 45 years for @entity0 had the best predictive power, without any cases of upper @entity2 below those thresholds. Age cutoffs of 45 years for @entity0 and 50 years for @entity0 also had excellent negative predictive values (99.7 and 99.9%, respectively) with 1.45 and 0.98 cases of missed upper @entity2 per 1000 endoscopies, respectively. A total of 1709 of 4403 (38.8%) of endoscopies might have been avoided in @entity0 of less than 45 and @entity0 of less than 50 with @entity3 . CONCLUSION: (i) Age thresholds for endoscopy referral are lower than in Western countries and should be different for @entity0 and @entity0 . (ii) Cutoff values of 40 and 45 years for @entity0 and @entity0 , respectively, are completely safe to use. (iii) Thresholds of 45 years for males and 50 years for females have a small level of risk of missing @entity2 , but are acceptable to use in areas of low availability of endoscopy.

title: Simple XXXX : age threshold for early endoscopy in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Black @entity0 have a higher mortality rate than nonblacks after @entity2 repair. We sought to understand the factors responsible for this racial disparity in the mortality rate after @entity1 repair. METHODS: The Medicare database (2001-2006) was used to identify 160,785 @entity0 undergoing open and endovascular @entity2 repairs. We used risk-adjusted mortality as our primary measure of quality and logistic regression to determine the relationship between race and mortality, sequentially adding contributing factors including @entity0 characteristics, the type of repair (endovascular vs open repair), socioeconomic status, and hospital quality. From these sequential regression models, we estimated the proportion of the disparity that can be explained by each factor. RESULTS: Black @entity0 had a 36% higher risk-adjusted mortality after @entity1 repair than nonblack @entity0 (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20-1.53). Even after accounting for the type of repair, a significant difference in mortality remained (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.18-1.50). Mortality rates were higher in hospitals treating a higher proportion of black @entity0 . Adjusting for these differences in hospital quality, this disparity was no longer significant (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.93-1.25). We estimate that 29% of the observed disparity in mortality is caused by @entity0 comorbidities, 6% from the use of endovascular repairs, 26% due to socioeconomic factors, and 25% because black @entity0 receive care in lower-quality hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Although many factors contribute, a large proportion of observed disparities in outcomes are attributable to black @entity0 receiving care in lower-quality hospitals. Efforts aimed at improving disparities must focus on improved access to high-quality hospitals and improved resources at the hospitals that treat higher proportions of black @entity0 .

title: Explaining racial disparities in mortality after XXXX repair.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity3 loss causes @entity2 ( @entity2 ) detected at mammographic screening to have different mammographic appearances than do @entity2 with normal @entity3 expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study design had hospital ethics committee approval; informed consent was waived. Membranous expression of @entity3 was assessed immunohistochemically in @entity1 younger than 70 years from a consecutive series of 1944 operable invasive @entity0 . Of those, 276 NLC cases (age range, 45-70 years) were common to a prospectively collected database of @entity0 detected at screening. The mammographic features of 131 @entity2 with reduced @entity3 expression were compared with those of 145 @entity2 with normal @entity3 expression. RESULTS: @entity2 with @entity3 loss were more likely to manifest as an ill-defined mass and less likely to manifest noncomedo microcalcifications at mammography than were @entity2 with normal @entity3 expression (47 [35.9%] of 131 vs 35 [24.1%] of 145, P = .03; and one [0.8%] of 131 versus 13 [9%] of 145, P = .001; respectively). @entity2 with @entity3 loss were significantly larger (>or=15 mm) than @entity2 with normal @entity3 expression (71 [54.2%] of 131 @entity2 vs 57 [39.3%] of 145; P = .01). Both groups had a similar distribution of grade, @entity2 type, nodal metastases, and vascular invasion. CONCLUSION: Invasive @entity2 with reduced @entity3 expression detected at screening are more likely to appear as ill-defined masses and less likely to manifest noncomedo microcalcifications than are @entity2 with normal @entity3 expression. @entity2 with reduced @entity3 expression appear to have mammographic features that make them difficult to detect at small sizes.

title: Influence of @entity3 expression on the mammographic appearance of XXXX detected at screening.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity3 loss causes @entity2 ( @entity2 ) detected at mammographic screening to have different mammographic appearances than do @entity2 with normal @entity3 expression. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study design had hospital ethics committee approval; informed consent was waived. Membranous expression of @entity3 was assessed immunohistochemically in @entity1 younger than 70 years from a consecutive series of 1944 operable invasive @entity0 . Of those, 276 NLC cases (age range, 45-70 years) were common to a prospectively collected database of @entity0 detected at screening. The mammographic features of 131 @entity2 with reduced @entity3 expression were compared with those of 145 @entity2 with normal @entity3 expression. RESULTS: @entity2 with @entity3 loss were more likely to manifest as an ill-defined mass and less likely to manifest noncomedo microcalcifications at mammography than were @entity2 with normal @entity3 expression (47 [35.9%] of 131 vs 35 [24.1%] of 145, P = .03; and one [0.8%] of 131 versus 13 [9%] of 145, P = .001; respectively). @entity2 with @entity3 loss were significantly larger (>or=15 mm) than @entity2 with normal @entity3 expression (71 [54.2%] of 131 @entity2 vs 57 [39.3%] of 145; P = .01). Both groups had a similar distribution of grade, @entity2 type, nodal metastases, and vascular invasion. CONCLUSION: Invasive @entity2 with reduced @entity3 expression detected at screening are more likely to appear as ill-defined masses and less likely to manifest noncomedo microcalcifications than are @entity2 with normal @entity3 expression. @entity2 with reduced @entity3 expression appear to have mammographic features that make them difficult to detect at small sizes.

title: Influence of XXXX expression on the mammographic appearance of @entity0 detected at screening.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of @entity4 ,2 in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and the relationship between @entity4 ,2 expression and clinicopathologic parameters and microvessel density (MVD) marked by CD105, and also evaluate the significance of co-expression of @entity2 and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity0 angiogenesis. METHOD: The expression of @entity4 ,2 and @entity1 in samples of @entity0 , para @entity0 and normal mucosa were detected by immunohistochemical method. RESULT: The expression of @entity4 ,2 were identified in @entity3 , para @entity0 tissue and normal mucosa. The @entity1 expression was only existed in @entity3 . The expression of @entity4 ,2 were significantly higher in @entity3 than in para @entity0 tissue (P < 0.05) and normal mucosa (P < 0.01). In the clinicopathologic parameters, only the expression of @entity2 was closely correlated with clinical stages and MVD (all P < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the expression of @entity4 ,2 and @entity0 differentiation degree (all P > 0.05). When the expression of @entity2 and @entity1 were both positive, the mean value of MVD was higher than others (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that overexpression of @entity4 ,2 may play a very important role in the development of @entity3 and are closely correlated with angiogenesis. @entity2 promote angiogenesis when interacting with @entity1 .

title: [Expression of angiopoietin-1,2 and its relationship with angiogenesis in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Eight @entity0 with advanced @entity3 were treated with high-dose melphalan (80-90 mg/m2) and BCNU (600-800 mg/m2). In all @entity0 autologous bone marrow preservation was performed prior to therapy. Bone marrow was stored for 48 h in a refrigerator at 10 degrees C and reinfused 48 h post-therapy. Three @entity0 had a complete response (CR), 1 a partial response and 4 @entity0 no response. Two @entity0 with CR died 4 and 5 months after therapy. One had an @entity6 and 1 @entity0 died from unknown cause. The third @entity0 had a relapse 12 months after therapy. Major side effects were severe @entity4 / @entity5 and a mild @entity1 . Two @entity0 suffered from BCNU-related @entity2 . All @entity0 had a full hematologic reconstitution after 6 weeks. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow support achieves a high response rate. Long-term disease-free survival, however, was not seen with this approach.

title: High-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow support in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Knowledge of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) bone changes has been derived primarily through cross-sectional studies, many of which are controvertible. Longitudinal studies are sparse, and long-term longitudinal chronic studies are unavailable. The objective of this study was to provide a clearer perception of @entity1 in @entity0 with complete @entity3 . METHODS: Bone status of 31 individuals with chronic, complete @entity3 was assessed twice using dual-energy xray absorptiometry at an average interval of 5.06 +/- 0.9 years. Because the sample of @entity0 was small (4), the primary analyses of change and comparisons of those with @entity2 vs @entity4 were confined to the male @entity0 . RESULTS: Spine Z-scores showed a significant increase (P < 0.0001). The average Z-scores, initial and followup, were within the normal range. Hip Z-scores also showed a significant increase (P < 0.0001), and hip @entity1 ( @entity1 ) increased in 48% of the @entity0 . Knee @entity1 and lower extremity total bone mineral showed significant decreases (P < 0.003 and P < 0.02, respectively), but increases were seen in 33% and 26% at the respective sites. Individuals with @entity4 had significantly lower values across all regions (P < 0.0001), and changes were significantly different compared with @entity2 (P < 0.0001). Bone values and changes in @entity0 vs @entity0 , despite the small sample of @entity0 , showed highly significant differences (P < 0.003-0.002). CONCLUSION: Chronic effects of complete @entity3 do not exclusively result in continued loss of @entity1 or a static state of lowered @entity1 ; gain in @entity1 may occur. The nature and magnitude of the effects of complete @entity3 on @entity1 vary by site, with sex and level of injury, which has implications for treatment and its assessment.

title: Five-year longitudinal bone evaluations in individuals with chronic complete XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY TYPE: Diagnosis (exploratory cohort). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2b. OBJECTIVE: To clarify the relationship between estimated @entity3 (EBL) and biochemical recurrence, assessed by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level, as @entity3 is a long-standing concern associated with radical prostatectomy (RP), and no studies to date have examined the association between @entity3 and @entity1 control. @entity0 AND METHODS: In all, 1077 @entity0 were identified in the Shared Equal-Access Regional @entity1 Hospital database who underwent retropubic RP (between 1998 and 2008) and had EBL and follow-up data available. We examined the relationship between EBL and recurrence using multivariate Cox regression analyses. RESULTS: Increased EBL was correlated with PSA recurrence in a multivariate-adjusted model (P = 0.01). When analysed by 500-mL EBL categories, those with an EBL of <1500 mL had a similar risk of recurrence. However, the risk of PSA recurrence tended to increase for an EBL of 1500-3499 mL, before decreasing again for @entity0 with an EBL of > or =3500 mL. @entity0 with an EBL of 2500-3499 mL had more than twice the risk of recurrence than @entity0 with an EBL of <1500 mL (P = 0.02). EBL was not associated with adverse @entity1 stage, grade or margin status. CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant correlation between EBL at the time of RP and biochemical recurrence. We hypothesized that this association might be due to transfusion-related immunosuppression, excessive blood obscuring the operative field, EBL being a marker of @entity2 , or EBL being a marker of poor surgical technique. However, our data did not completely fit any one of these hypotheses, and thus the ultimate cause for the increased risk of recurrence remains unclear and requires further study.

title: Estimated XXXX as a predictor of PSA recurrence after radical prostatectomy: results from the SEARCH database.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Multi-item scales for monitoring @entity1 withdrawal reactions have been used since the 1970s, and since 1985 we have used a modified version of the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment (CIWA) in our general hospitals. This study was conducted to determine whether a shorter version of the scale would prove easier to use without loss of accuracy. METHODS: A simultaneous 'crossover' clinical audit using two hospitals. The shortened scale was developed from the existing one, and had 10 items as opposed to the previous 18. The @entity0 were followed throughout their course and the incidences of complication, the frequency of sedation, the delay in initiating monitoring and the ease of use were recorded. RESULTS: There were 106 @entity0 managed with the old scale and 96 with the new. The rate of complication was not different, being 16% in @entity0 managed using the old scale and 14.5% using the new scale; the rates of sedation were 49 and 48%, respectively. @entity0 managed with the new scale had a shorter course with a median duration of 27.6 h compared with 40 h. The time from admission to first recording of a score was 5.4 h for the new scale and 4.8 h for the old, which is not a significant difference. Both scores were used according to instructions, but staff reported that the shortened scale was easier to use. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that a shortened form of the CIWA @entity1 withdrawal scale works as well as the original and is simple to use.

title: Clinical use of a shortened XXXX withdrawal scale in a general hospital.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: The endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products (esRAGE) appears to work as a scavenger for AGEs and it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity1 complications. The aim of the present study was to perform a longitudinal evaluation of esRAGE in young @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in relation to the development of microalbuminuria ( @entity3 ). METHODS: Serum esRAGE levels were measured in longitudinally collected blood samples from 49 @entity2 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 +) and 49 matched normoalbuminuric @entity0 ( @entity3 -), followed in the Oxford Regional Prospective Study. esRAGE levels were compared between @entity3 + and @entity3 - subjects in relation to the time of @entity3 onset. RESULTS: Overall, esRAGE levels were significantly lower in @entity3 + than in @entity3 - subjects (0.727 +/- 0.396 vs. 0.936 +/- 0.433 ng/ml; P = 0.015). These differences between the two groups were present both before (0.725 +/- 0.410 vs. 0.956 +/- 0.505 ng/ml, P = 0.038) and after the onset of @entity3 (0.750 +/- 0.433 vs. 0.948 +/- 0.418 ng/ml, P = 0.04). In a longitudinal analysis there was no effect of age, duration, glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) or body mass index standard deviation scores on esRAGE levels (all P > 0.05). In a Cox model, esRAGE levels significantly contributed to the probability of developing @entity3 [Exp(B)(95% confidence interval): 0.34(0.12-0.98); P = 0.04), independently of HbA(1c). CONCLUSIONS: In this longitudinal study of young @entity0 with @entity2 , esRAGE levels were reduced in @entity3 + subjects, even before the onset of @entity3 , and appeared to be related to its development, thus suggesting a potential role of esRAGE in the pathogenesis of this complication. Diabet. Med. 26, 815-819 (2009).

title: Reduced endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products (esRAGE) in young @entity0 with XXXX developing microalbuminuria.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: The endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products (esRAGE) appears to work as a scavenger for AGEs and it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of @entity1 complications. The aim of the present study was to perform a longitudinal evaluation of esRAGE in young @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in relation to the development of microalbuminuria ( @entity3 ). METHODS: Serum esRAGE levels were measured in longitudinally collected blood samples from 49 @entity2 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 +) and 49 matched normoalbuminuric @entity0 ( @entity3 -), followed in the Oxford Regional Prospective Study. esRAGE levels were compared between @entity3 + and @entity3 - subjects in relation to the time of @entity3 onset. RESULTS: Overall, esRAGE levels were significantly lower in @entity3 + than in @entity3 - subjects (0.727 +/- 0.396 vs. 0.936 +/- 0.433 ng/ml; P = 0.015). These differences between the two groups were present both before (0.725 +/- 0.410 vs. 0.956 +/- 0.505 ng/ml, P = 0.038) and after the onset of @entity3 (0.750 +/- 0.433 vs. 0.948 +/- 0.418 ng/ml, P = 0.04). In a longitudinal analysis there was no effect of age, duration, glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) or body mass index standard deviation scores on esRAGE levels (all P > 0.05). In a Cox model, esRAGE levels significantly contributed to the probability of developing @entity3 [Exp(B)(95% confidence interval): 0.34(0.12-0.98); P = 0.04), independently of HbA(1c). CONCLUSIONS: In this longitudinal study of young @entity0 with @entity2 , esRAGE levels were reduced in @entity3 + subjects, even before the onset of @entity3 , and appeared to be related to its development, thus suggesting a potential role of esRAGE in the pathogenesis of this complication. Diabet. Med. 26, 815-819 (2009).

title: Reduced endogenous secretory receptor for advanced glycation end products (esRAGE) in young XXXX with @entity2 developing microalbuminuria.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 appears to be a disease of both the developing and developed worlds. Among Turkish @entity1 , @entity0 is the second leading cause of @entity2 . The aims of this cross-sectional study were to determine levels of knowledge about @entity0 and to evaluate health beliefs concerning the model that promotes @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and mammography in a group of @entity1 aged 20-64 in a rural area of western @entity3 . METHODS: 244 @entity1 were recruited by means of cluster sampling in this study. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic variables, a risk factors and signs of @entity0 form and the adapted version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). Bivariate correlation analysis, Chi square test, Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression analysis were performed throughout the data analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 37.7 +/- 13.7. 49.2% of @entity1 were primary school graduates, 67.6% were married. Although 76.6% of the @entity1 in this study reported that they had heard or read about @entity0 , our study revealed that only 56.1% of them had sufficient knowledge of @entity0 , half of whom had acquired the information from health professionals. Level of @entity0 knowledge was the only variable significantly associated with the @entity0 and mammography practice (p = 0.011, p = 0.007). @entity0 performers among the study group were more likely to be @entity1 who exhibited higher confidence and perceived greater benefits from @entity0 practice, and those who perceived fewer barriers to @entity0 performance and possessed knowledge of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: By using the CHBMS constructs for assessment, primary health care providers can more easily understand the beliefs that influence @entity1 's @entity0 and mammography practice.

title: The knowledge and attitudes of breast self-examination and mammography in a group of @entity1 in a rural area in western XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 appears to be a disease of both the developing and developed worlds. Among Turkish @entity1 , @entity0 is the second leading cause of @entity2 . The aims of this cross-sectional study were to determine levels of knowledge about @entity0 and to evaluate health beliefs concerning the model that promotes @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and mammography in a group of @entity1 aged 20-64 in a rural area of western @entity3 . METHODS: 244 @entity1 were recruited by means of cluster sampling in this study. The questionnaire consisted of sociodemographic variables, a risk factors and signs of @entity0 form and the adapted version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS). Bivariate correlation analysis, Chi square test, Mann-Whitney U test and logistic regression analysis were performed throughout the data analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity1 was 37.7 +/- 13.7. 49.2% of @entity1 were primary school graduates, 67.6% were married. Although 76.6% of the @entity1 in this study reported that they had heard or read about @entity0 , our study revealed that only 56.1% of them had sufficient knowledge of @entity0 , half of whom had acquired the information from health professionals. Level of @entity0 knowledge was the only variable significantly associated with the @entity0 and mammography practice (p = 0.011, p = 0.007). @entity0 performers among the study group were more likely to be @entity1 who exhibited higher confidence and perceived greater benefits from @entity0 practice, and those who perceived fewer barriers to @entity0 performance and possessed knowledge of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: By using the CHBMS constructs for assessment, primary health care providers can more easily understand the beliefs that influence @entity1 's @entity0 and mammography practice.

title: The knowledge and attitudes of breast self-examination and mammography in a group of XXXX in a rural area in western @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: A great variety of different types of @entity7 are referred to cardiac catheterization laboratories for diagnosis and @entity2 . In addition, a wide range of devices is available for treating them percutaneously. The objectives of this study were to assess the usefulness and difficulty of treating @entity7 percutaneously using controlled-release coils or Amplatzer vascular plugs and to report on the complications and overall outcomes observed with these two devices. METHODS: Retrospective review of percutaneous embolizations performed from January 2004 through June 2008. RESULTS: In total, 51 @entity7 in 30 @entity0 aged from 6 days to 28 years (mean, 8.4 years) underwent successful embolization. The underlying diagnoses were: 27 venous collaterals in 16 @entity0 after the Glenn procedure, four surgical (i.e. Blalock-Taussig) fistulas, 11 @entity6 in three @entity0 , two aortopulmonary collateral arteries in two @entity0 , one venous collateral in a @entity0 who underwent the Fontan procedure, one @entity4 in a @entity0 with @entity3 , one @entity1 , three systemic @entity5 in a newborn, and one fistula from the left atrium to the superior vena cava after the repair of @entity3 . The lesions were treated percutaneously using 34 vascular plugs and 19 coils. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 can be occluded percutaneously with good RESULTS: Small fistulas can be closed using coils, while vascular plugs are preferable for large lesions. Both devices are highly effective as occluders and no particular difficulty or significant complication was observed.

title: Percutaneous XXXX using coils or Amplatzer vascular plugs.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence, correlates and prospective impact of @entity7 on physical and psychological function in a population health survey of elderly Chinese @entity0 and @entity0 . STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study. METHODS: Four thousand @entity0 and @entity0 , aged 65 years and over, living in the community in Hong Kong took part in this study. A questionnaire to determine demographics, socio-economic status, medical history, smoking, @entity3 intake and level of physical activity was administered by an interviewer. @entity0 were asked about the presence of @entity2 in the back, neck, hip and knee in the past 12 months. They were re-interviewed after 4 years of follow-up to document physical performance measures, psychological function and occurrence of falls, @entity5 and mortality. RESULTS: Overall, back @entity2 was most prevalent (48%), followed by knee (31%), neck (22.5%) and hip (8.9%) @entity2 ; the values was nearly twice as high in @entity0 compared with @entity0 for all sites. The presence of @entity2 was not correlated with age, but was associated with various measures of socio-economic status as well as comorbidities. Baseline prevalence of @entity2 was related to physical performance and quality-of-life measures, and @entity5 incidence after 4 years of follow-up. CONCLUSION: @entity7 is prevalent among elderly @entity0 and @entity0 , being much higher in the latter, giving rise to considerable functional and @entity1 . @entity4 and @entity6 are likely to be the main underlying causes. The condition may be considered part of the frailty syndrome, and in this context, prevention and management represent major public health challenges.

title: Prevalence and correlates of XXXX in Chinese elderly and the impact on 4-year physical function and quality of life.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychomotor retardation is a prominent clinical feature of @entity4 . While several studies investigated these deficits, differences between internally and externally triggered response selection and initiation are less well understood. In the current study, we delineate internally vs. externally driven response selection and initiation in @entity4 and their relation to @entity5 . METHODS: 20 inpatients diagnosed with a (unipolar) @entity4 and 20 closely matched healthy controls performed a computerized motor paradigm assessing differences between internally and externally cued movements. Psychomotor performance and basic memory functions were assessed using a neuropsychological test-battery. To examine within group homogeneity a multivariate clustering approach was applied. RESULTS: @entity0 featured a global slowing of internally and externally cued response selection compared to controls, as well as impairments in @entity5 . Yet, basic motor speed was preserved. Furthermore, @entity0 were more severely impaired when movements involved internal response selection. The data-driven clustering revealed two @entity0 subgroups, which both showed @entity5 , while only one featured slowing of response selection. INTERPRETATION: The results suggest a differential rather than a global @entity5 slowing in @entity4 with specific @entity2 as cognitive aspects of @entity5 functioning. As found for @entity4 , in @entity3 internally cued movements are more severely affected than externally cued reactions. Both may therefore be caused by dopaminergic deregulation due to @entity1 . Finally, multivariate clustering of behavioral data may be a promising future approach to identify subtypes of @entity2 in different @entity0 populations.

title: Internally vs. externally triggered movements in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psychomotor retardation is a prominent clinical feature of @entity4 . While several studies investigated these deficits, differences between internally and externally triggered response selection and initiation are less well understood. In the current study, we delineate internally vs. externally driven response selection and initiation in @entity4 and their relation to @entity5 . METHODS: 20 inpatients diagnosed with a (unipolar) @entity4 and 20 closely matched healthy controls performed a computerized motor paradigm assessing differences between internally and externally cued movements. Psychomotor performance and basic memory functions were assessed using a neuropsychological test-battery. To examine within group homogeneity a multivariate clustering approach was applied. RESULTS: @entity0 featured a global slowing of internally and externally cued response selection compared to controls, as well as impairments in @entity5 . Yet, basic motor speed was preserved. Furthermore, @entity0 were more severely impaired when movements involved internal response selection. The data-driven clustering revealed two @entity0 subgroups, which both showed @entity5 , while only one featured slowing of response selection. INTERPRETATION: The results suggest a differential rather than a global @entity5 slowing in @entity4 with specific @entity2 as cognitive aspects of @entity5 functioning. As found for @entity4 , in @entity3 internally cued movements are more severely affected than externally cued reactions. Both may therefore be caused by dopaminergic deregulation due to @entity1 . Finally, multivariate clustering of behavioral data may be a promising future approach to identify subtypes of @entity2 in different @entity0 populations.

title: Internally vs. externally triggered movements in XXXX with @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report on the patterns of substance use in newly admitted male and female South Australian prisoners using the WHO-ASSIST screening tool ( @entity1 , Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test) and observe the feasibility of using the ASSIST and associated Brief Intervention in this population. DATA SOURCES: Results of the first 518 prisoners screened using ASSIST in South Australian reception prisons. RESULTS: In the first 10 months of the implementation of the WHO ASSIST, 518 clients were assessed in the 3 metropolitan intake prisons in Adelaide, Australia. This represents 31% of all male and 35% of all female prisoners admitted over this period. Injecting drug use was reported in the previous 3 months by 55% of @entity0 and 51% of @entity0 . The six most common substances used at high and moderate risk levels, in order of prevalence (from high to low) in males were @entity2 , @entity3 , amphetamines, opiates, @entity1 , and sedatives. In @entity0 the order was @entity2 , @entity4 , @entity3 , opiates and sedatives equal, and @entity1 . Fifty percent of @entity0 and 33% of @entity0 were using four or more substances. Overall rates of substance use related risk amongst @entity0 coming into prison are slightly greater than for @entity0 . Accessing prisoners for screening within the first few days is difficult with 55% already being released or at court or other external appointments.

title: Substance use patterns in newly admitted male and female South Australian prisoners using the WHO-ASSIST ( XXXX , Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test).

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study of consecutive @entity0 series. OBJECTIVES: To report a technique of odontoidectomy using a transoccipitocervical posterolateral approach for @entity2 in a long-term follow-up study. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity5 and old @entity4 usually cause compression of the high cervical spinal cord from a variety of different directions and angles, leading to high morbidity. The main objective of treatment is to relieve the anteroposterior compression and to restore the stability of the occipitocervical region. Currently, there are 2 approaches to perform the surgical procedure: (1) posterior decompression by suboccipital and occipitocervical fusion and internal fixation; and (2) decompression by a transoral approach to an odontoid resection. However, there are some short points, which need to be changed, such as the incomplete decompression (the former), narrow view, @entity7 , and the high infection rates. METHODS: From 1999 to 2006, 23 @entity0 with @entity2 were treated using a transoccipitocervical posterolateral approach for decompression. The procedure included an expansion of the foramen magnum, a resection of the posterior arch of atlas, a lateral occipitocervical epidural exposure to the odontoid and the C2 vertebra, and an excision of the odontoid. Thus, an anteroposterior decompression and occipitocervical spinal fusion was achieved. Neurological function, daily living ability, and the work ability of @entity0 were assessed in a follow-up study. RESULTS: A 28-year-old @entity0 died of respiratory and @entity6 10 hours after operation. The remaining @entity0 survived without @entity3 . The @entity1 in 17 @entity0 did not deteriorate, whereas 5 @entity0 had decreased sensation in the upper limbs, and the elbow flexor muscle strength in 2 @entity0 declined by 1 grade on the operation side. Short-term follow-up (3-6 mo, 22 cases) indicated that 19 @entity0 recovered normal sensation with decreased limb muscle tension. Motor function was improved by >1 grade (5 @entity0 with @entity3 recovered to preoperative levels or better). Long-term follow-up (>4 y) of 15 @entity0 (10 @entity0 by clinic visit and 5 @entity0 by correspondence) indicated that the occipitoatlantoaxial regions were stable without local discomfort or loss of nerve function. Fourteen @entity0 were able to care for themselves and some @entity0 regained their ability to work. One @entity0 felt no significant improvement after surgery and had no improvement in the quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: Transoccipitocervical posterolateral approach to @entity2 provides a broad and sterile operating field to perform anteroposterior decompression and occipitocervical spinal fusion simultaneously. Neurological improvement is significant, and the long-term follow-up results are satisfactory.

title: A posterolateral approach to XXXX : a report of the long-term follow-up of 23 cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: To examine the long-term management of @entity2 we conducted a two-part controlled therapeutic trial on 28 @entity0 who had recovered completely after four to six weeks of treatment with ispaghula husk and @entity3 . In part I @entity0 were randomly divided into two groups. Group A received a placebo capsule while Group B continued with treatment as before. After six months the response to treatment was assessed according to a scoring system. The overall relapse rate in Group B was 46 per cent compared to 82 per cent in group A. With continued treatment @entity0 in Group B became asymptomatic from the fourth month while @entity0 in Group A continued to deteriorate. In part II, @entity0 who had relapsed whilst on placebo received active treatment. Six of the seven who agreed to continue with the study became asymptomatic within four weeks. However, all the @entity0 who were asymptomatic while on active treatment relapsed on discontinuation and again recovered on reinstitution of active treatment. We conclude that @entity2 is a @entity1 and that treatment with a combination of ispaghula husk and @entity3 is effective, both in relieving symptoms and in the maintenance of remission.

title: Long-term treatment of XXXX : results of a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed for use in combinatorial gene and cell therapy protocols for the treatment of disease and promotion of repair. The efficacy of such a therapeutic approach depends on determination of which vectors give maximal transgene expression with minimal cell death. The study was carried out on bone-marrow derived @entity0 MSCs, and a range of vectors was tested on the same stem cell preparation. @entity3 , adeno-associated virus (AAV; serotypes 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6), lentivirus, and nonviral vectors were compared. Lentivirus proved to be most effective with transduction efficiencies of up to 95%, concurrent with low levels of cell @entity2 . @entity3 also proved effective, but a significant increase in cell death was seen with increasing viral titer. @entity0 MSCs remained refractory to transduction by all AAV serotypes, in contrast to @entity1 MSCs tested at the same time. Lipofection of plasmid DNA gave moderate transfection levels but was also accompanied by cell death. Electroporative gene transfer proved ineffective at the parameters tested and resulted in high cell death. High and moderate levels of cell transduction using lentivirus vectors did not affect the ability of the cells to differentiate down the adipogenic pathway.

title: Gene transfer into XXXX mesenchymal stem cells: a comparative study of viral and nonviral vectors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ), comprising of @entity3 and @entity2 ( @entity2 ), are chronic relapsing disorders of unknown etiology. The environmental factors in addition to genetic predisposition are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. @entity1 was found to be more common in urban areas than in the rural environment. So far, there have been no reports of the frequency of @entity1 in Polish rural regions. The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of @entity1 in @entity0 from semi-rural and rural regions hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology of the Medical University of Lublin between 2000-2006. METHODS: A retrospective systematic search of clinical records, identifying cases of @entity1 . RESULTS: In the 2000-2006 period of the study, 727 cases of @entity1 were recorded, of which 334 (46 % ) originated from semi-rural and rural regions. UC accounted for 69.2 % (231 @entity0 ) while @entity2 for 30.8 % (103 @entity0 ). The total number of @entity0 with @entity1 was higher in the last 3 years (435 @entity0 ), compared to 2000-2003 (292 @entity0 ). Demographic data, clinical presentation and the location of the disease in @entity0 with @entity1 from rural and semi-rural regions are similar to @entity0 from urban communities. CONCLUSION: The rise in hospital admission rates of @entity0 with UC and @entity2 from rural and semi-rural regions confirms the observation of an increasing incidence of @entity1 in areas, where these diseases were less common in the past.

title: Retrospective analysis of hospital admissions of @entity0 with XXXX and @entity2 from semi-rural and rural regions in the Department of Gastroenterology in Lublin between 2000- 2006.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ), comprising of @entity3 and @entity2 ( @entity2 ), are chronic relapsing disorders of unknown etiology. The environmental factors in addition to genetic predisposition are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. @entity1 was found to be more common in urban areas than in the rural environment. So far, there have been no reports of the frequency of @entity1 in Polish rural regions. The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of @entity1 in @entity0 from semi-rural and rural regions hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology of the Medical University of Lublin between 2000-2006. METHODS: A retrospective systematic search of clinical records, identifying cases of @entity1 . RESULTS: In the 2000-2006 period of the study, 727 cases of @entity1 were recorded, of which 334 (46 % ) originated from semi-rural and rural regions. UC accounted for 69.2 % (231 @entity0 ) while @entity2 for 30.8 % (103 @entity0 ). The total number of @entity0 with @entity1 was higher in the last 3 years (435 @entity0 ), compared to 2000-2003 (292 @entity0 ). Demographic data, clinical presentation and the location of the disease in @entity0 with @entity1 from rural and semi-rural regions are similar to @entity0 from urban communities. CONCLUSION: The rise in hospital admission rates of @entity0 with UC and @entity2 from rural and semi-rural regions confirms the observation of an increasing incidence of @entity1 in areas, where these diseases were less common in the past.

title: Retrospective analysis of hospital admissions of @entity0 with @entity3 and XXXX from semi-rural and rural regions in the Department of Gastroenterology in Lublin between 2000- 2006.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ), comprising of @entity3 and @entity2 ( @entity2 ), are chronic relapsing disorders of unknown etiology. The environmental factors in addition to genetic predisposition are thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. @entity1 was found to be more common in urban areas than in the rural environment. So far, there have been no reports of the frequency of @entity1 in Polish rural regions. The aim of the study was to describe the characteristics of @entity1 in @entity0 from semi-rural and rural regions hospitalized in the Department of Gastroenterology of the Medical University of Lublin between 2000-2006. METHODS: A retrospective systematic search of clinical records, identifying cases of @entity1 . RESULTS: In the 2000-2006 period of the study, 727 cases of @entity1 were recorded, of which 334 (46 % ) originated from semi-rural and rural regions. UC accounted for 69.2 % (231 @entity0 ) while @entity2 for 30.8 % (103 @entity0 ). The total number of @entity0 with @entity1 was higher in the last 3 years (435 @entity0 ), compared to 2000-2003 (292 @entity0 ). Demographic data, clinical presentation and the location of the disease in @entity0 with @entity1 from rural and semi-rural regions are similar to @entity0 from urban communities. CONCLUSION: The rise in hospital admission rates of @entity0 with UC and @entity2 from rural and semi-rural regions confirms the observation of an increasing incidence of @entity1 in areas, where these diseases were less common in the past.

title: Retrospective analysis of hospital admissions of XXXX with @entity3 and @entity2 from semi-rural and rural regions in the Department of Gastroenterology in Lublin between 2000- 2006.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Although monoallelic expression (MAE) is a frequent genomic event in normal tissues, its role in tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here we carried out single-nucleotide polymorphism arrays on DNA and RNA from a large cohort of pediatric and adult @entity5 tissues to determine the genome-wide rate of MAE, its role in specific @entity1 -related genes, and the clinical consequences of MAE in @entity5 . We also used targeted genotyping to examine the role of @entity1 -related genes in @entity5 development and specifically examined the clinical consequences of MAE at @entity4 and @entity3 . The genome-wide rate of @entity1 MAE was higher than in previously described normal tissue and increased with specific @entity1 grade. Oncogenes, but not @entity1 suppressors, exhibited significantly higher MAE in high-grade compared with low-grade @entity1 . This method identified nine novel genes highly associated with MAE. Within @entity1 -related genes, MAE was gene specific; @entity6 was most significantly affected, with a higher frequency of MAE in adult and advanced @entity1 . Clinically, MAE at @entity4 exists only in mutated @entity1 and increases with @entity2 . MAE toward the normal allele at @entity3 conferred worse survival even in @entity3 mutated @entity1 . Taken together, our findings suggest that MAE is @entity1 and gene specific, frequent in @entity5 subtypes, and may be associated with @entity1 progression/ @entity2 . Further exploration of MAE at relevant genes may contribute to better understanding of @entity1 development and determine survival in @entity5 @entity0 .

title: Monoallelic expression determines oncogenic progression and outcome in benign and malignant XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Antipsychotics are an important class of drugs for the management of @entity2 and other @entity5 . They act by blocking @entity7 receptors; however, because these receptors are present throughout the brain, prolonged antipsychotic use also leads to serious side effects. These include @entity4 , repetitive @entity4 of the face and limbs for which there is little treatment. In this study, we investigated whether @entity8 administration could reduce @entity4 because @entity8 attenuates other drug-induced @entity4 . We used a well established model of @entity4 in which @entity1 injected with the commonly used antipsychotic @entity9 develop @entity3 ( @entity3 ) that resemble @entity0 @entity4 . @entity1 were first administered @entity8 (minipump; 2 mg/kg per day). Two weeks later, they were given @entity9 (1 mg/kg s.c.) once daily. @entity8 treatment reduced @entity9 -induced @entity3 by    20% after 5 weeks, with a significant    60% decline after 13 weeks. There was no worsening of @entity9 -induced @entity10 . To understand the molecular basis for this improvement, we measured the striatal @entity7 transporter and nicotinic @entity6 receptors (nAChRs). Both @entity9 and @entity8 treatment decreased the transporter and a6b2* nAChRs (the asterisk indicates the possible presence of other nicotinic subunits in the receptor complex) when given alone, with no further decline with combined drug treatment. By contrast, @entity8 alone increased, while @entity9 reduced a4b2* nAChRs in both vehicle and @entity9 -treated @entity1 . These data suggest that molecular mechanisms other than those directly linked to the transporter and nAChRs underlie the @entity8 -mediated improvement in @entity9 -induced @entity3 in @entity1 . The present results are the first to suggest that @entity8 may be useful for improving the @entity4 associated with antipsychotic use.

title: XXXX reduces antipsychotic-induced @entity4 in @entity1 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Antipsychotics are an important class of drugs for the management of @entity2 and other @entity5 . They act by blocking @entity7 receptors; however, because these receptors are present throughout the brain, prolonged antipsychotic use also leads to serious side effects. These include @entity4 , repetitive @entity4 of the face and limbs for which there is little treatment. In this study, we investigated whether @entity8 administration could reduce @entity4 because @entity8 attenuates other drug-induced @entity4 . We used a well established model of @entity4 in which @entity1 injected with the commonly used antipsychotic @entity9 develop @entity3 ( @entity3 ) that resemble @entity0 @entity4 . @entity1 were first administered @entity8 (minipump; 2 mg/kg per day). Two weeks later, they were given @entity9 (1 mg/kg s.c.) once daily. @entity8 treatment reduced @entity9 -induced @entity3 by    20% after 5 weeks, with a significant    60% decline after 13 weeks. There was no worsening of @entity9 -induced @entity10 . To understand the molecular basis for this improvement, we measured the striatal @entity7 transporter and nicotinic @entity6 receptors (nAChRs). Both @entity9 and @entity8 treatment decreased the transporter and a6b2* nAChRs (the asterisk indicates the possible presence of other nicotinic subunits in the receptor complex) when given alone, with no further decline with combined drug treatment. By contrast, @entity8 alone increased, while @entity9 reduced a4b2* nAChRs in both vehicle and @entity9 -treated @entity1 . These data suggest that molecular mechanisms other than those directly linked to the transporter and nAChRs underlie the @entity8 -mediated improvement in @entity9 -induced @entity3 in @entity1 . The present results are the first to suggest that @entity8 may be useful for improving the @entity4 associated with antipsychotic use.

title: @entity8 reduces antipsychotic-induced XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Antipsychotics are an important class of drugs for the management of @entity2 and other @entity5 . They act by blocking @entity7 receptors; however, because these receptors are present throughout the brain, prolonged antipsychotic use also leads to serious side effects. These include @entity4 , repetitive @entity4 of the face and limbs for which there is little treatment. In this study, we investigated whether @entity8 administration could reduce @entity4 because @entity8 attenuates other drug-induced @entity4 . We used a well established model of @entity4 in which @entity1 injected with the commonly used antipsychotic @entity9 develop @entity3 ( @entity3 ) that resemble @entity0 @entity4 . @entity1 were first administered @entity8 (minipump; 2 mg/kg per day). Two weeks later, they were given @entity9 (1 mg/kg s.c.) once daily. @entity8 treatment reduced @entity9 -induced @entity3 by    20% after 5 weeks, with a significant    60% decline after 13 weeks. There was no worsening of @entity9 -induced @entity10 . To understand the molecular basis for this improvement, we measured the striatal @entity7 transporter and nicotinic @entity6 receptors (nAChRs). Both @entity9 and @entity8 treatment decreased the transporter and a6b2* nAChRs (the asterisk indicates the possible presence of other nicotinic subunits in the receptor complex) when given alone, with no further decline with combined drug treatment. By contrast, @entity8 alone increased, while @entity9 reduced a4b2* nAChRs in both vehicle and @entity9 -treated @entity1 . These data suggest that molecular mechanisms other than those directly linked to the transporter and nAChRs underlie the @entity8 -mediated improvement in @entity9 -induced @entity3 in @entity1 . The present results are the first to suggest that @entity8 may be useful for improving the @entity4 associated with antipsychotic use.

title: @entity8 reduces antipsychotic-induced @entity4 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe @entity1 and associated daytime consequences in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity0 with @entity3 and 15 control subjects matched on age and anthropometric variables were included in the study. Sleep quality and its daytime consequences were assessed by clinical interview, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Functional Outcomes in Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ), the @entity4 ( @entity4 ), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and attended all-night polysomnography. RESULTS: Polysomnography revealed a @entity1 and slow wave sleep, and an increase in stage 1 sleep and arousal index in @entity3 @entity0 compared to controls. Daytime @entity5 persisted during sleep. @entity2 saturation below 90% was observed during 34.3 +/- 37.3% of the @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Quality of sleep and daytime function were moderately to significantly impaired based on the PSQI and FOSQ. The total FOSQ score was negatively correlated with @entity1 with @entity2 saturation below 90% (p = 0.01, r = -0.62). @entity4 scores were correlated with @entity1 at @entity2 saturation below 90% and mean @entity2 saturation during sleep (p = 0.002, r = 0.74, and p = 0.007, r = -0.66, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest significant @entity1 and consequent impairment of physical and social functioning in @entity0 with @entity3 . In the absence of effective treatments for @entity3 , the improvement of @entity1 should be a primary therapeutic goal.

title: Sleep quality and associated daytime consequences in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe @entity1 and associated daytime consequences in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifteen @entity0 with @entity3 and 15 control subjects matched on age and anthropometric variables were included in the study. Sleep quality and its daytime consequences were assessed by clinical interview, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Functional Outcomes in Sleep Questionnaire (FOSQ), the @entity4 ( @entity4 ), the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and attended all-night polysomnography. RESULTS: Polysomnography revealed a @entity1 and slow wave sleep, and an increase in stage 1 sleep and arousal index in @entity3 @entity0 compared to controls. Daytime @entity5 persisted during sleep. @entity2 saturation below 90% was observed during 34.3 +/- 37.3% of the @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Quality of sleep and daytime function were moderately to significantly impaired based on the PSQI and FOSQ. The total FOSQ score was negatively correlated with @entity1 with @entity2 saturation below 90% (p = 0.01, r = -0.62). @entity4 scores were correlated with @entity1 at @entity2 saturation below 90% and mean @entity2 saturation during sleep (p = 0.002, r = 0.74, and p = 0.007, r = -0.66, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest significant @entity1 and consequent impairment of physical and social functioning in @entity0 with @entity3 . In the absence of effective treatments for @entity3 , the improvement of @entity1 should be a primary therapeutic goal.

title: Sleep quality and associated daytime consequences in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Clinical audits have highlighted the many challenges and dilemmas faced by clinicians assessing @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity1 and minimally conscious state). The diagnostic decision-making process is highly subjective, dependent upon the skills of the examiner and invariably dictated by the @entity0 ' ability to move or speak. Whilst a considerable amount has been learnt since Jennett and Plum coined the term ' @entity1 ', the assessment process remains largely unchanged; conducted at the bedside, using behavioural assessment tools, which are susceptible to environmental and physiological factors. This has created a situation where the rate of misdiagnosis is unacceptably high (up to 43%). In order to address these problems, various functional brain imaging paradigms, which do not rely upon the @entity0 's ability to move or speak, have been proposed as a source of additional information to inform the diagnostic decision making process. Although accumulated evidence from brain imaging, particularly functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), has been encouraging, the empirical evidence is still based on relatively small numbers of @entity0 . It remains unclear whether brain imaging is capable of informing the diagnosis beyond the behavioural assessment and whether brain imaging has any prognostic utility. In this study, we describe the functional brain imaging findings from a group of 41 @entity0 with @entity2 , who undertook a hierarchical speech processing task. We found, contrary to the clinical impression of a specialist team using behavioural assessment tools, that two @entity0 referred to the study with a diagnosis of @entity1 did in fact demonstrate neural correlates of speech comprehension when assessed using functional brain imaging. These fMRI findings were found to have no association with the @entity0 's behavioural presentation at the time of investigation and thus provided additional diagnostic information beyond the traditional clinical assessment. Notably, the utility of brain imaging was further underlined by the finding that the level of auditory processing revealed by functional brain imaging, correlated strongly (rs = 0.81, P < 0.001) with the @entity0 's subsequent behavioural recovery, 6 months after the scan, suggesting that brain imaging may also provide valuable prognostic information. Although further evidence is required before consensus statements can be made regarding the use of brain imaging in clinical decision making for @entity2 , the results from this study clearly highlight the potential of imaging to inform the diagnostic decision-making process for @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Towards the routine use of brain imaging to aid the clinical diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The ultrasonographic data of 50 @entity0 with chronic @entity1 are presented. Ultrasonographic manifestations were described as follows: Pancreatic focal or diffuse enlargement in 70% of these cases, reduced its size in 2%, retained its normal size in 28%, inhomogeneously increased echogenicity in 68%, coarse, focal dense echoes in 8%, decreased echogenicity in 20%, normal echogenicity in 4%, irregular contour in 40%, @entity2 formation in 6%, abnormal pancreatic duct in 44%, dilated common bile duct in 20% and focal pancreatic mass in 14%. @entity0 in the study had a normal sonogram only in 4%. Abnormal ultrasonographic findings, especially @entity2 and @entity3 may be considered as important diagnostic evidence. In the diagnosis of chronic @entity1 , the coincident rate of ultrasonography, ERCP and CT was 80%, 75% and 81%, respectively. Their diagnostic value was evaluated and compared. CT was the most sensitive and accurate. Ultrasonography was simpler and non-invasive, it may be used as a method of choice. Combination of using these various imaging techniques may increase the diagnostic accuracy. The diagnostic coincident rate of combined ultrasonography and CT was 91%, and that of combined ultrasonography and ERCP was 91%.

title: [Ultrasonographic manifestation and evaluation of imaging diagnosis of chronic XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: In some adult @entity0 with chronic intractable @entity2 , the diagnosis remains elusive even after detailed evaluations, and colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens may appear unremarkable on routine @entity3 - @entity4 staining. OBJECTIVES: To assess the concentration of mast cells in colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens by immunohistochemical analysis for mast cell tryptase from @entity0 with chronic intractable @entity2 and to evaluate their response to drugs affecting mast cell function. DESIGN: Mast cells per high-power field were assessed in biopsy specimens from 47 @entity0 with chronic intractable @entity2 , from 50 control subjects, and from 63 @entity0 with other specific diseases that cause chronic @entity2 ( @entity1 , @entity5 , and @entity7 ). @entity0 with chronic intractable @entity2 who had more than 20 mast cells per high-power field were administered drugs affecting mast cell mediator function and release. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD concentration of mast cells in the 50 control subjects was 13.3 +/- 3.5 cells per high-power field; hence, @entity0 with more than 20 mast cells per high-power field were considered to have increased mast cells. Thirty-three (70%) of 47 @entity0 with chronic intractable @entity2 had increased mast cells, and symptoms were controlled by drug therapy in 22 (67%) of the 33 @entity0 . No @entity0 had systemic or cutaneous @entity6 . No increase in mast cells was seen in @entity0 with other common causes of chronic @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: In chronic intractable @entity2 , colonic or duodenal biopsy specimens may appear unremarkable on routine @entity3 - @entity4 staining, but increased mast cells may be demonstrated by immunohistochemistry for mast cell tryptase, with the novel term @entity8 describing this condition. Similar increases in mast cells are not apparent in control populations or in @entity0 with other specific diseases that cause chronic @entity2 . The cause of the increased mast cells remains to be elucidated.

title: @entity8 : increased mucosal mast cells in chronic intractable XXXX .

answer: @entity2