abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 (NS)-loaded nanoparticles (NPNS) were prepared from @entity4 ( @entity2 ) and eventually coated with chitosan (NPNSCS). Nanoparticles (NP) were spherical with sizes 379  59nm for NPNS and 393  66nm for NPNSCS and zeta potentials of -15  3mV for NPNS to 10  4mV for NPNSCS, suggesting an efficient coating. Drug encapsulation rate was high (88  5% and 83  7% of added drug) for NPNS and NPNSCS, respectively. After NP washing and re-suspension, 98  2% and 99  1% of the drug initially entrapped remained associated to NP. NS was dispersed in amorphous state within the polymeric matrix. Two-fold dilution of NP with pH 7.4 PBS provoked no drug release. However, 30-40% NS was released after a 1/10 dilution. NPNSCS and NPNS diluted 1/100 reduced the encapsulated drug to around 30% and 70%, respectively. In contrast, 100% NS was released from NP under sink conditions in less than 2h. The permeability of free-NS (1-1.5*10(-5)cm/s) was compared with NPNS (NPNS=6.4-8.1*10(-6)cm/s and NPNSCS=5.5-7.0*10(-6)cm/s) using the PAMPA assay. The @entity0 of free-NS and NS in NP on model @entity1 cells PC-3 and DU-145 showed the highest cytotoxic effect with NPNSCS on PC-3 cells (IC50=89 M).

title: @entity3 -loaded nanoparticles for the potential coadjuvant treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early detection of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is crucial to ensuring that @entity0 receive timely treatment for this progressive disease. Exercise stress tests have been used to screen @entity0 in an attempt to identify early-stage @entity1 . Recent studies have described abnormal mean pulmonary artery pressure ( @entity3 )-cardiac output (Q) responses as having the potential to assess the disease state. OBJECTIVES: This study hypothesized that pulmonary circulation pressure-flow relationships obtained by 6-min walk (6MW) stress echocardiography would better delineate differential progression of @entity1 and predict development of @entity1 during follow-up. METHODS: We prospectively performed 6MW stress echocardiographic studies in 78 @entity2 @entity0 (age 58    12 years; 9% male) at baseline and follow-up. All @entity0 underwent yearly echocardiographic follow-up studies for up to 5 years. RESULTS: During a median period of 32 months (range: 15 to 62 months), 16 @entity0 reached the clinical endpoint of development of @entity1 and none died during follow-up. @entity1 was confirmed by right heart catheterization in all 16 @entity0 ( @entity3  >= 25 mm  Hg and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure   <=15 mm  Hg). In a Cox proportional-hazards survival model, 6MW distance (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.99; p  = 0.010), early diastolic tricuspid annulus motion velocity (HR: 0.79; p  =  0.025), and   @entity3 /  Q by 6MW stress (HR: 1.10; p  = 0.005) were associated with development of @entity1 . In sequential Cox models, a model on the basis of 6MW distance (chi-square, 6.6) was improved by   @entity3 /  Q (chi-square: 14.4; p  =  0.019). Using a receiver-operating characteristic curve, we found that the best cutoff value of   @entity3 /  Q for predicting development of @entity1 was >3.3 mm  Hg/l/min. CONCLUSIONS: The 6MW stress echocardiography noninvasively provides an incremental prognostic value of @entity1 development in @entity2 . This is a single-center prospective cohort study. Larger multicenter studies are warranted to confirm this result.

title: Prediction of Future Overt Pulmonary Hypertension by 6-Min Walk Stress Echocardiography in XXXX With Connective Tissue Disease.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The use of permanent synthetic meshes to improve the outcome of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) repair causes frequent and serious complications. The use of the synthetic, biodegradable scaffold @entity2 ( @entity2 ) seeded with autologous muscle fiber fragments (MFF), as an adjunct to native tissue @entity1 repair, is a potential new alternative. METHODS: A @entity0 abdominal wall model of native repair was used with six animals in each of three groups: native repair, native repair + @entity2 , and native repair + @entity2 + MFF. MFF were labeled with @entity3 -fluorescence dye. After 8  weeks labeled cells were identified in tissue samples and histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of connective tissue organization and desmin reactivity of muscle cells were performed. Fresh tissue samples were subjected to uniaxial biomechanical testing. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS: @entity2 was fully degraded after 8  weeks. Desmin-immunopositive (6/6) and @entity3 -positive cells (6/6) were found only after native repair + @entity2 + MFF, indicating survival, proliferation, and integration of cells originating from the MFF. This group also showed significantly increased stiffness in the high stiffness zone compared with native repair + @entity2 (p   =   0.032) and borderline significantly higher stiffness compared to native repair (p   =   0.054). CONCLUSIONS: In this pilot study, @entity2 scaffolds seeded with autologous MFF affected some histological and biomechanical properties of native tissue repair in an abdominal wall defect model in @entity0 . The method thus appears to be a simple tissue engineering concept with potential relevance for native tissue repair of @entity1 .

title: Muscle fragments on a scaffold in XXXX : a potential regenerative strategy in urogynecology.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There are limited data on the effects of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) on overall suffering and quality of life (QOL) of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). In this cross-sectional study, we examined the frequency of @entity2 and its correlates in @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: We interviewed 149 @entity0 , 77 at a comprehensive @entity1 center (CCC) and 72 at a general public hospital (GPH). @entity1 completed a self-rated @entity2 (subjective experience of distress attributed to financial problems) numeric rating scale (0 = best, 10 = worst) and validated questionnaires assessing symptoms (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System [ESAS]), @entity5 ( @entity3 and @entity4 Scale [HADS]), and QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General [FACT-G]). RESULTS: The @entity0 ' median age was 60 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 58.6-61.5 years); 74 (50%) were female; 48 of 77 at CCC (62%) versus 13 of 72 at GPH (18%) were white; 21 of 77 (27%) versus 32 of 72 (38%) at CCC and GPH, respectively, were black; and 7 of 77 (9%) versus 27 of 72 (38%) at CCC and GPH, respectively, were Hispanic (p < .0001). @entity2 was present in 65 of 75 at CCC (86%; 95% CI: 76%-93%) versus 65 of 72 at GPH (90%; 95% CI: 81%-96%; p = .45). The median intensity of @entity2 at CCC and GPH was 4 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1-7) versus 8 (IQR: 3-10), respectively (p = .0003). @entity2 was reported as more severe than physical distress, distress about physical functioning, social/family distress, and @entity2 by 45 (30%), 46 (31%), 64 (43%), and 55 (37%) @entity1 , respectively (all significantly worse for @entity0 at GPH) (p < .05). @entity1 reported that @entity2 was affecting their general well-being (0 = not at all, 10 = very much) with a median score of 5 (IQR: 1-8). @entity2 correlated (Spearman correlation) with FACT-G (r = -0.23, p = .0057); HADS- @entity3 (r = .27, p = .0014), ESAS- @entity3 (r = .2, p = .0151), and ESAS- @entity4 (r = .18, p = .0336). CONCLUSION: @entity2 was very frequent in both groups, but median intensity was double among GPH @entity0 . More than 30% of @entity1 rated @entity2 to be more severe than physical, family, and @entity2 . More research is needed to better characterize @entity2 and its correlates in @entity1 and possible interventions. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Financial distress is an important and common factor contributing to the suffering of @entity1 @entity0 and their caregivers. It should be suspected in @entity0 with persistent, refractory symptom expression. Early identification, measurement, and documentation will allow clinical teams to develop interventions to improve @entity2 and its impact on quality of life of @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Financial Distress and Its Associations With Physical and Emotional Symptoms and Quality of Life Among XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There are limited data on the effects of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) on overall suffering and quality of life (QOL) of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). In this cross-sectional study, we examined the frequency of @entity2 and its correlates in @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: We interviewed 149 @entity0 , 77 at a comprehensive @entity1 center (CCC) and 72 at a general public hospital (GPH). @entity1 completed a self-rated @entity2 (subjective experience of distress attributed to financial problems) numeric rating scale (0 = best, 10 = worst) and validated questionnaires assessing symptoms (Edmonton Symptom Assessment System [ESAS]), @entity5 ( @entity3 and @entity4 Scale [HADS]), and QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General [FACT-G]). RESULTS: The @entity0 ' median age was 60 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 58.6-61.5 years); 74 (50%) were female; 48 of 77 at CCC (62%) versus 13 of 72 at GPH (18%) were white; 21 of 77 (27%) versus 32 of 72 (38%) at CCC and GPH, respectively, were black; and 7 of 77 (9%) versus 27 of 72 (38%) at CCC and GPH, respectively, were Hispanic (p < .0001). @entity2 was present in 65 of 75 at CCC (86%; 95% CI: 76%-93%) versus 65 of 72 at GPH (90%; 95% CI: 81%-96%; p = .45). The median intensity of @entity2 at CCC and GPH was 4 (interquartile range [IQR]: 1-7) versus 8 (IQR: 3-10), respectively (p = .0003). @entity2 was reported as more severe than physical distress, distress about physical functioning, social/family distress, and @entity2 by 45 (30%), 46 (31%), 64 (43%), and 55 (37%) @entity1 , respectively (all significantly worse for @entity0 at GPH) (p < .05). @entity1 reported that @entity2 was affecting their general well-being (0 = not at all, 10 = very much) with a median score of 5 (IQR: 1-8). @entity2 correlated (Spearman correlation) with FACT-G (r = -0.23, p = .0057); HADS- @entity3 (r = .27, p = .0014), ESAS- @entity3 (r = .2, p = .0151), and ESAS- @entity4 (r = .18, p = .0336). CONCLUSION: @entity2 was very frequent in both groups, but median intensity was double among GPH @entity0 . More than 30% of @entity1 rated @entity2 to be more severe than physical, family, and @entity2 . More research is needed to better characterize @entity2 and its correlates in @entity1 and possible interventions. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Financial distress is an important and common factor contributing to the suffering of @entity1 @entity0 and their caregivers. It should be suspected in @entity0 with persistent, refractory symptom expression. Early identification, measurement, and documentation will allow clinical teams to develop interventions to improve @entity2 and its impact on quality of life of @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Financial Distress and Its Associations With Physical and Emotional Symptoms and Quality of Life Among @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 is defined as chronic deterioration of intellectual function and cognitive skills significant enough to interfere with the ability to perform daily activities. Recent advances in the treatment of @entity6 have renewed interest in the use of various neuroimaging techniques that can assist in the diagnosis and differentiation of various subtypes. Neuroimaging and computational techniques have helped the radiological community to monitor disease progression of @entity17 presenting with @entity6 , such as @entity5 , @entity12 ( @entity12 ), @entity14 ( @entity14 ) and @entity15 -cerebellar variant (MSA-C), and their response to newer therapies. Prompt identification of treatable or reversible forms of @entity6 , such as @entity0 , @entity7 and intracranial dAVF, is crucial for the effective management of these conditions. It is also prudent to recognize the imaging spectrum of metabolic, infective and @entity9 with rapidly progressing @entity6 , such as @entity10 @entity4 , central pontine @entity13 (CPM), delayed @entity3 (DPHL), @entity8 , @entity11 ( @entity11 ), @entity16 , @entity1 ( @entity1 ), radiation @entity2 and @entity18 ( @entity18 ), which are difficult to treat and often require palliative care. This pictorial review emphasizes various non- @entity5 entities and discusses their imaging highlights. Teaching Points     Non @entity5 constitutes a broad spectrum of conditions.     Neuroimaging plays an important role in differentiating treatable from irreversible @entity6 .     Neuroimaging is often non-specific in early stages of neurodegenerative conditions with @entity6 .     Neuroimaging plays an important role in the multimodal approach towards management of @entity6 .

title: Role of neuroimaging in multidisciplinary approach towards Non- XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 with advanced @entity1 , @entity3 mutation status predicts response to treatment with monoclonal antibody targeting the @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Recent reports have provided evidence that @entity3 mutation status has prognostic value in @entity0 with resectable @entity1 ( @entity1 ) irrespective of treatment with chemotherapy or anti- @entity2 therapy. A meta-analysis was undertaken to clarify the impact of @entity3 mutation on outcomes in @entity0 with resectable @entity1 . METHODS: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically to identify full-text articles reporting @entity3 -stratified overall ( @entity4 ) or recurrence-free ( @entity5 ) survival after resection of @entity1 . Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 per cent c.i. from multivariable analyses were pooled in meta-analyses, and a random-effects model was used to calculate weight and overall results. RESULTS: The search returned 355 articles, of which 14, including 1809 @entity0 , met the inclusion criteria. Eight studies reported @entity4 after resection of @entity1 in 1181 @entity0 . The mutation rate was 27.6 per cent, and @entity3 mutation was negatively associated with @entity4 (HR 2.24, 95 per cent c.i. 1.76 to 2.85). Seven studies reported @entity5 after resection of @entity1 in 906 @entity0 . The mutation rate was 28.0 per cent, and @entity3 mutation was negatively associated with @entity5 (HR 1.89, 1.54 to 2.32). CONCLUSION: @entity3 mutation status is a prognostic factor in @entity0 undergoing resection of @entity1 and should be considered in the evaluation of @entity0 having liver resection.

title: Meta-analysis of XXXX mutations and survival after resection of @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 with advanced @entity1 , @entity3 mutation status predicts response to treatment with monoclonal antibody targeting the @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Recent reports have provided evidence that @entity3 mutation status has prognostic value in @entity0 with resectable @entity1 ( @entity1 ) irrespective of treatment with chemotherapy or anti- @entity2 therapy. A meta-analysis was undertaken to clarify the impact of @entity3 mutation on outcomes in @entity0 with resectable @entity1 . METHODS: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched systematically to identify full-text articles reporting @entity3 -stratified overall ( @entity4 ) or recurrence-free ( @entity5 ) survival after resection of @entity1 . Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 per cent c.i. from multivariable analyses were pooled in meta-analyses, and a random-effects model was used to calculate weight and overall results. RESULTS: The search returned 355 articles, of which 14, including 1809 @entity0 , met the inclusion criteria. Eight studies reported @entity4 after resection of @entity1 in 1181 @entity0 . The mutation rate was 27.6 per cent, and @entity3 mutation was negatively associated with @entity4 (HR 2.24, 95 per cent c.i. 1.76 to 2.85). Seven studies reported @entity5 after resection of @entity1 in 906 @entity0 . The mutation rate was 28.0 per cent, and @entity3 mutation was negatively associated with @entity5 (HR 1.89, 1.54 to 2.32). CONCLUSION: @entity3 mutation status is a prognostic factor in @entity0 undergoing resection of @entity1 and should be considered in the evaluation of @entity0 having liver resection.

title: Meta-analysis of @entity3 mutations and survival after resection of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and laparoscopic gastric banding (LB) are the 2 most common operations used to treat morbid @entity2 , but few controlled comparative studies have reported perioperative and long-term outcomes. DESIGN: Two-cohort pair-matched study. SETTING: Academic tertiary referral center. @entity0 : One hundred consecutive morbidly @entity2 @entity0 treated with LB were pair-matched by sex, race, age, initial body mass index, and presence of @entity1 with 100 @entity0 who were treated with RYGB. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Perioperative and @entity4 , reoperations, and 1-year outcomes, including @entity5 , and quality of life. RESULTS: The RYGB and LB groups had similar characteristics. One-year outcomes were available for 93 @entity0 in the LB group and 92 in the RYGB group. The overall rate of complications was similar in both groups (11 @entity0 in the LB group [12%] vs 14 in the RYGB group [15%]; P = .83), with a higher rate of early complications ( <= 30 days) after RYGB (11 @entity0 [11%] vs 2 [2%] for LB; P = .01) and a higher rate of reoperations after LB (12 @entity0 [13%] vs 2 for RYGB [2%]; P = .009). No @entity3 occurred. Excess @entity5 (36% vs 64%; P < .01), resolution of @entity1 (17 @entity0 [50%] vs 26 [76%]; P = .04), and quality-of-life measures were better in the RYGB group. CONCLUSIONS: When performed in high-volume centers by expert surgeons, RYGB has a similar rate of overall complications and lower rate of reoperations than LB. With the benefit of greater @entity5 , increased resolution of @entity1 , and improved quality of life, RYGB, in these circumstances, has a better risk-benefit profile than LB.

title: Better XXXX , resolution of @entity1 , and quality of life for laparoscopic gastric bypass vs banding: results of a 2-cohort pair-matched study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and laparoscopic gastric banding (LB) are the 2 most common operations used to treat morbid @entity2 , but few controlled comparative studies have reported perioperative and long-term outcomes. DESIGN: Two-cohort pair-matched study. SETTING: Academic tertiary referral center. @entity0 : One hundred consecutive morbidly @entity2 @entity0 treated with LB were pair-matched by sex, race, age, initial body mass index, and presence of @entity1 with 100 @entity0 who were treated with RYGB. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Perioperative and @entity4 , reoperations, and 1-year outcomes, including @entity5 , and quality of life. RESULTS: The RYGB and LB groups had similar characteristics. One-year outcomes were available for 93 @entity0 in the LB group and 92 in the RYGB group. The overall rate of complications was similar in both groups (11 @entity0 in the LB group [12%] vs 14 in the RYGB group [15%]; P = .83), with a higher rate of early complications ( <= 30 days) after RYGB (11 @entity0 [11%] vs 2 [2%] for LB; P = .01) and a higher rate of reoperations after LB (12 @entity0 [13%] vs 2 for RYGB [2%]; P = .009). No @entity3 occurred. Excess @entity5 (36% vs 64%; P < .01), resolution of @entity1 (17 @entity0 [50%] vs 26 [76%]; P = .04), and quality-of-life measures were better in the RYGB group. CONCLUSIONS: When performed in high-volume centers by expert surgeons, RYGB has a similar rate of overall complications and lower rate of reoperations than LB. With the benefit of greater @entity5 , increased resolution of @entity1 , and improved quality of life, RYGB, in these circumstances, has a better risk-benefit profile than LB.

title: Better @entity5 , resolution of XXXX , and quality of life for laparoscopic gastric bypass vs banding: results of a 2-cohort pair-matched study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 (PCA) are a distinct rarity and present with some peculiar morphologic features and specific clinical findings. These @entity5 can be managed endovascularly with good results. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical features and endovascular management of @entity4 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 2000 and 2008, we treated 24 @entity0 (14 male and 10 female; mean age: 36 years) with @entity4 . Clinical presentations, radiologic images, and endovascular management were reviewed. RESULTS: There were 11 saccular @entity5 , including 4 giant or large @entity5 , and 13 dissecting @entity5 , including 11 giant or large @entity5 . Of the 24 @entity0 , 13 presented with @entity6 and 6 with @entity2 . Five @entity0 presented with @entity1 without any @entity2 . Parent vessel occlusion was performed in 12 @entity0 , selective coil embolization was performed in 11 @entity0 , and 1 @entity0 conservatively. Eighteen @entity0 had a good recovery, 5 had a moderate disability (one with 1 @entity3 after the treatment) related to @entity6 , @entity8 , or @entity7 before @entity5 trapping, and 1 @entity0 died because of rebleeding. The conservatively treated @entity0 made a good recovery. CONCLUSION: @entity4 have specific clinical characteristics compared with @entity5 located elsewhere. Endovascular technique can achieve good outcomes despite the aneurysmal site and size.

title: Characteristics and endovascular treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controlled studies on the effect of @entity1 -based hand rub before and after each @entity0 contact on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) among neurosurgical @entity0 are scarce. Aim : To evaluate the effect of @entity1 -based hand rub before and after each @entity0 contact on @entity2 after elective neurosurgical procedures. SETTING AND DESIGN: Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala. An intervention study using a 'before-after' design. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two 9-month study periods were compared; between these periods, an infection-control protocol incorporating an @entity1 -based hand rub was implemented for a period of 3 months and continued thereafter. Consecutive @entity0 who underwent neurosurgery between January and September 2006 (control group, before protocol) and between January and September 2007 (intervention group, after protocol) were included. Outcome measures included @entity2 rates, profile of microorganisms and @entity0 survival. Statistical Analysis : SPSS statistics version 17.0. RESULTS: A total of 1,899 operated cases were reviewed. The @entity0 in the control and intervention groups were similar with regard to sex, age and type of neurosurgery. The @entity2 rates were 22 (2.3%) out of 974 in the control group and 14 (1.5%) out of 925 in the intervention group (P = 0.2). @entity0 survival rates were 97.6% (control) and 98.3% (intervention). Post hoc power calculation for an alpha value equal to 0.05, the power obtained was 24.9%, showing inadequacy of sample size to get significant results. To achieve 80% power, the sample size required is about 4,800 each for the control and intervention groups. CONCLUSION: Use of @entity1 -based hand rub before and after each @entity0 contact in the neurosurgical intensive care unit did not show a significant reduction in @entity2 in the present study. This lack of difference between the two groups may be related to the inadequate sample size. The other possibility is that both the strategies are of equal efficacy for prevention of SSIs.

title: XXXX -based hand rub and @entity2 after elective neurosurgery: an intervention.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Controlled studies on the effect of @entity1 -based hand rub before and after each @entity0 contact on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) among neurosurgical @entity0 are scarce. Aim : To evaluate the effect of @entity1 -based hand rub before and after each @entity0 contact on @entity2 after elective neurosurgical procedures. SETTING AND DESIGN: Department of Neurosurgery, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala. An intervention study using a 'before-after' design. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Two 9-month study periods were compared; between these periods, an infection-control protocol incorporating an @entity1 -based hand rub was implemented for a period of 3 months and continued thereafter. Consecutive @entity0 who underwent neurosurgery between January and September 2006 (control group, before protocol) and between January and September 2007 (intervention group, after protocol) were included. Outcome measures included @entity2 rates, profile of microorganisms and @entity0 survival. Statistical Analysis : SPSS statistics version 17.0. RESULTS: A total of 1,899 operated cases were reviewed. The @entity0 in the control and intervention groups were similar with regard to sex, age and type of neurosurgery. The @entity2 rates were 22 (2.3%) out of 974 in the control group and 14 (1.5%) out of 925 in the intervention group (P = 0.2). @entity0 survival rates were 97.6% (control) and 98.3% (intervention). Post hoc power calculation for an alpha value equal to 0.05, the power obtained was 24.9%, showing inadequacy of sample size to get significant results. To achieve 80% power, the sample size required is about 4,800 each for the control and intervention groups. CONCLUSION: Use of @entity1 -based hand rub before and after each @entity0 contact in the neurosurgical intensive care unit did not show a significant reduction in @entity2 in the present study. This lack of difference between the two groups may be related to the inadequate sample size. The other possibility is that both the strategies are of equal efficacy for prevention of SSIs.

title: @entity1 -based hand rub and XXXX after elective neurosurgery: an intervention.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study aimed to determine whether there was any association between the regional climate and the proportion of @entity0 with joint @entity1 . Regional climate data between 1971 and 2000 were obtained from the Japan Meteorological Agency. The variables used in the cluster analysis included sunlight hours, amount of precipitation, number of days with precipitation, and temperature. The regional proportion of @entity0 with joint @entity1 was obtained from the National Survey for Health in 2001. After performing a cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA and Welch's test were used to determine whether the climate characteristics of the clusters were significantly different. Within each cluster, stepwise multiple linear regression analyses were performed. We found that sunlight hours showed a direct, negative association with the proportion of @entity0 with joint @entity1 (adjusted R2=0.532, p=0.016) in cluster 1, which was characterized as the region with the fewest total hours of sunlight, less precipitation, a modest number of rainy days, and low temperature. In the other clusters, the regional female population rate (cluster 2) and the senior population rate (cluster 3, 4) were the primary predictors. We concluded that the degree of exposure to sunlight may play a crucial role in prevention of joint @entity1 . This finding should encourage @entity0 to set aside some time for staying outdoors in their daily lives.

title: The relationship between joint XXXX and climate conditions in Japan.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The objective of this study was to obtain representative echocardiographic measurements of cardiac size and function in stable @entity0 with @entity3 . This prospective, multicenter study utilized central reading of echocardiograms by an investigator blinded to other @entity0 data. Stable outpatients from a balance of inner city and rural settings with SS phenotype and a broad age range were selected, because conflicting results from earlier studies were believed to be due to these @entity0 selection criteria. Right and left ventricular dimensions and wall thickness, left atrial and aortic root dimensions, and systolic time intervals were measured. Body surface area indexed chamber dimensions and septal thickness were significantly increased from normal. Except for the right ventricle, chamber dimensions and wall thickness were inversely correlated with hemoglobin. The relationship between left ventricular dimension and hemoglobin was significantly dependent on age. Systolic time interval ratios were normal though left ventricular ejection time was prolonged. Shortening fraction was normal but velocity of circumferential fiber shortening was abnormally low. Stable @entity0 with @entity3 have dilated chambers, @entity2 , and normal contractility. Though @entity4 was inversely related to hemoglobin, age (duration of illness) was an important factor in that relationship. No specific @entity1 was associated with @entity3 .

title: The heart in XXXX . The Cooperative Study of @entity3 (CSSCD).

answer: @entity3


abstract: The objective of this study was to obtain representative echocardiographic measurements of cardiac size and function in stable @entity0 with @entity3 . This prospective, multicenter study utilized central reading of echocardiograms by an investigator blinded to other @entity0 data. Stable outpatients from a balance of inner city and rural settings with SS phenotype and a broad age range were selected, because conflicting results from earlier studies were believed to be due to these @entity0 selection criteria. Right and left ventricular dimensions and wall thickness, left atrial and aortic root dimensions, and systolic time intervals were measured. Body surface area indexed chamber dimensions and septal thickness were significantly increased from normal. Except for the right ventricle, chamber dimensions and wall thickness were inversely correlated with hemoglobin. The relationship between left ventricular dimension and hemoglobin was significantly dependent on age. Systolic time interval ratios were normal though left ventricular ejection time was prolonged. Shortening fraction was normal but velocity of circumferential fiber shortening was abnormally low. Stable @entity0 with @entity3 have dilated chambers, @entity2 , and normal contractility. Though @entity4 was inversely related to hemoglobin, age (duration of illness) was an important factor in that relationship. No specific @entity1 was associated with @entity3 .

title: The heart in @entity3 . The Cooperative Study of XXXX (CSSCD).

answer: @entity3


abstract: NEW FINDINGS: What is the central question of this study? This study addresses the following two central questions. (i) What is the impact of vascular deconditioning after @entity2 ( @entity2 ) on shear rate patterns and endothelial function? (ii) What is the impact of acutely altered shear rate on endothelial function in both @entity2 and able-bodied control subjects? What is the main finding and its importance? Two main findings in the present study were as follows: (i) reduced superficial femoral artery endothelial function in the @entity2 group; and (ii) acutely altered shear rate decreased endothelial function in both @entity2 and able-bodied control subjects. These findings may shed some light on future interventions taking into account these regulatory mechanisms. @entity2 ( @entity2 ) induces vascular deconditioning below the level of the lesion and disrupts sympathetic innervation of blood vessels. It is unclear how these changes affect shear rate (SR) profiles and endothelial function when compared with able-bodied (AB) @entity0 . Recent evidence suggests that periods of increased retrograde SR are associated with acute decreases in endothelial function, but is unknown how modified SR patterns influence sublesional vasculature in @entity2 . The present study examined the acute and chronic effects of altered SR patterns and oscillatory shear index on endothelial function via relative flow-mediated dilatation ( @entity3 %) in both the brachial and superficial femoral arteries (BA and SFA, respectively) of eight individuals with @entity2 and eight matched AB control subjects. Baseline BA SR patterns and @entity3 % were similar between groups, while SFA anterograde SR was higher (P < 0.01) and @entity3 % lower (P = 0.04) in @entity2 versus AB subjects. Shear rate patterns were then acutely altered through the BA and SFA using a subsystolic cuff-inflation model. Bilateral @entity3 assessments were conducted before and after 30 min of unilateral inflation of a forearm or thigh blood pressure cuff to 75 mmHg. Cuff inflation resulted in concomitant increases in both anterograde (P < 0.05) and retrograde SR (P < 0.05), as well as acute decreases in @entity3 % (P < 0.05) in the BA and @entity4 in both groups. These results highlight that brief manipulation of SR patterns can acutely impair @entity3 % in conditions of both normal and altered sympathetic innervation and arterial remodelling. This information is crucial when designing strategies to combat @entity1 in both healthy and clinical populations.

title: Impact of shear rate pattern on upper and lower limb conduit artery endothelial function in both spinal cord-injured and able-bodied XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although dialysis technology greatly improved in recent years, it remained unclear whether those improvements helped decrease the incidence of dialysis-related @entity2 (DRA). Accordingly, we retrospectively compared the incidence of first-time @entity1 ( @entity1 )-as proxy for DRA onset-in two cohorts of chronic hemodialysis @entity0 , with the second cohort studied after dialysis methods (especially dialyzate quality control) had greatly improved. METHODS: We used the 1998 and 2010 Japan Renal Data Registries to compare crude risk of first-time @entity1 the following year. After adjusting for @entity0 background and laboratory data, odds ratios (ORs) for @entity1 in the whole cohorts and the populations matched by propensity score (PS) for hemodialysis and hemodiafiltration were calculated at a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Of note, 2 02 726 @entity0 were analyzed. In the 1998 cohort, 1.77% experienced first-time @entity1 compared with 1.30% of the 2010 cohort (P < 0.001); with 2010 as referent, the adjusted 1998 OR was 2.22 (1.68-2.95). Both crude risks and adjusted ORs were analyzed by dialysis vintage, age, pre-dialysis @entity3 (b2m) and b2m clearance, risk of @entity1 trending 1.5-2.0 higher in 1998 than 2010. The reduction was most prominent in @entity0 with longer dialysis vintage, @entity0 who were younger, and those with lower pre-dialysis b2m levels. Similar results were obtained by PS-matched analysis. We also found that b2m clearance >80% may reduce risk of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of first-time @entity1 as proxy for DRA decreased significantly from 1998 to 2010. Several factors may have contributed to this decrease, including improved dialysis methods.

title: Significance of the decreased risk of dialysis-related XXXX now proven by results from Japanese nationwide surveys in 1998 and 2010.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of ultrasound-guided platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and whole blood (WB) injections in @entity0 with chronic hamstring @entity2 . METHODS: In a prospective double-blind randomized controlled trial, PRP or WB was injected under ultrasound guidance into the proximal hamstring tendon in a cohort of @entity0 with clinically suspected hamstring @entity2 . Questionnaires were administered before injection and 2, 6, and 12 weeks and 6 months after injection. @entity1 and function outcomes were measured via the Modified Harris Hip Score (MHHS), Hip Outcome Scores for activities of daily living (ADL) and sport-specific function, and International Hip Outcome Tool 33 (IHOT-33). Diagnostic ultrasound was used to compare preinjection and 6-month postinjection tendon appearances. RESULTS: The WB group showed greater improvements in @entity1 and function over the PRP group before 12 weeks, whereas the PRP group showed improved outcomes over WB at 6 months. None of these between-group outcome measures, except 6-week IHOT-33, showed statistical significance. Comparing preinjection and 6-month scores, the PRP group showed significant improvements in ADL (P = .018) and IHOT-33 (P = .28) scores, whereas the WB group showed no significant improvements from baseline. The WB group showed significantly decreased @entity1 with 15-minute sitting (P= .008) at 6 months. Ultrasound imaging showed no significant differences between PRP and WB group tendon appearances. CONCLUSIONS: Both PRP and WB groups showed improvements in all outcome measures at 6 months. The PRP group showed significant improvements in 6-month ADL and IHOT-33 scores. The WB group reached significance in 15-minute sitting @entity1 . No significant between-group differences were observed at any time point.

title: Ultrasound-Guided Intratendinous Injections With Platelet-Rich Plasma or Autologous Whole Blood for Treatment of XXXX : A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: As in other organs, leukocyte adhesion molecules and their ligands play a major role in cutaneous inflammatory events both by directing leukocyte trafficking and by their effects on antigen presentation. Skin biopsies of inflamed skin from @entity0 with diseases such as as @entity5 or @entity4 reveal up-regulation of endothelial cell expression of @entity10 , @entity9 . Studies of evolving lesions following UVB irradiation, Mantoux reaction or application of contact allergen, demonstrate that expression of these adhesion molecules parallels leukocyte infiltration into skin. When cutaneous @entity2 is widespread (e.g. in @entity7 ), soluble forms of these molecules are detectable in serum. In vitro studies predict that peptide mediators are important regulatory factors for endothelial adhesion molecules. Intradermal injection of the cytokines interleukin 1, @entity1 necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma into normal @entity0 skin leads to induction of endothelial adhesion molecules with concomitant infiltration of leukocytes. In addition, neuropeptides rapidly induce @entity8 translocation to the cell membrane and expression of @entity6 . Adhesion molecules also play a crucial role as accessory molecules in the presentation of antigen to T lymphocytes by Langerhans' cells. Expression of selectin ligands by Langerhans' cells is up-regulated by various inflammatory stimuli, suggesting that adhesion molecules may be important in Langerhans' cell migration. The skin, because of its accessibility, is an ideal organ in which to study expression of adhesion molecules and their relationship to inflammatory events. Inflammatory @entity3 are common and inhibition of lymphocyte accumulation in skin is likely to prove of great therapeutic benefit.

title: Adhesion molecules in cutaneous XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: 71 @entity0 (83 hips) with @entity4 of the @entity5 were followed up. The @entity0 had bilateral @entity1 (12), and unilateral (59). Their ages ranged from 19 to 71 years. Ficat classification showed stage I for 1 hip, stage II 19 hips, stage III 35 hips, and stage IV hips. According to the severity, the range of motion, the age, and the X-ray appearances, 6 kinds of procedures were used including decompression with bone grafting (32 hips), surface arthroplasty with cartilage (4), surface arthroplasty with fascia (4), replacement of @entity5 (7), @entity3 (20), and obturator neuroetomy (16). The follow-up period ranged from 2 years and 3 months to 10 years and 5 months. Postoperative improvement included @entity2 (39.7%), range of motion (21.7%), and walking (33.7%). Among the procedures, decompression with bone grafting showed best results. Treatment revealed better results in stage I, II than in stage III, IV. We emphysize the early diagnosis and management, and choice of procedure should base on the clinical classification.

title: [Surgical treatment of @entity4 of the XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: 71 @entity0 (83 hips) with @entity4 of the @entity5 were followed up. The @entity0 had bilateral @entity1 (12), and unilateral (59). Their ages ranged from 19 to 71 years. Ficat classification showed stage I for 1 hip, stage II 19 hips, stage III 35 hips, and stage IV hips. According to the severity, the range of motion, the age, and the X-ray appearances, 6 kinds of procedures were used including decompression with bone grafting (32 hips), surface arthroplasty with cartilage (4), surface arthroplasty with fascia (4), replacement of @entity5 (7), @entity3 (20), and obturator neuroetomy (16). The follow-up period ranged from 2 years and 3 months to 10 years and 5 months. Postoperative improvement included @entity2 (39.7%), range of motion (21.7%), and walking (33.7%). Among the procedures, decompression with bone grafting showed best results. Treatment revealed better results in stage I, II than in stage III, IV. We emphysize the early diagnosis and management, and choice of procedure should base on the clinical classification.

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX of the @entity5 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to identify clinical characteristics, natural history, and results of medical and surgical treatment of anal fissures in @entity1 . METHODS: This is a retrospective review of @entity0 with @entity1 and anal fissure. RESULTS: Of the 56 study @entity0 , 49 (84 percent) had symptomatic fissures. Fissures were most commonly (66 percent) located in the posterior midline, and 18 @entity0 (32 percent) had multiple fissures. Fissures healed in one-half of @entity0 treated medically. Factors predictive of successful medical treatment included male gender, painless fissure, and acute fissure. Of 15 @entity0 , 10 (67 percent) treated surgically healed. Fissures in seven of eight @entity0 (88 percent) who underwent anorectal procedures healed compared with fissures in only three of seven @entity0 (43 percent) who underwent proximal intestinal resection. In the group of 50 @entity0 with complete follow-up studies, an @entity3 or @entity2 from the base of an unhealed fissure developed in 13 @entity0 (26 percent). More fissures healed after anorectal surgery (88 percent) than after medical treatment alone (49 percent; P = 0.05) or after abnormal surgery (29 percent; P = 0.03). CONCLUSION: This series documents that unhealed fissures frequently progress to more ominous anal pathologic disease. Judicious use of internal sphincterotomy appears to be safe for fissures unresponsive to medical treatment.

title: Anal fissure in XXXX : a plea for aggressive management.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Little is known regarding the long-term outcome of @entity0 with @entity2 treated by local excision and radiation therapy. We updated our institutional experience with this approach. METHODS: From January 1986 to December 1991, 23 @entity0 (median age, 64 (range, 30-80) years) with mobile, moderately differentiated @entity3 were offered transanal excision. Two @entity0 with large T3 @entity2 , who were judged intraoperatively to be unsuited for a local procedure, received radical resection and were excluded from analysis. Twenty-one @entity0 underwent transanal excision en bloc (14) or piece-meal (7) through a resectoscope. Seven @entity0 (74 percent) had either extensive medical problems or refused a colostomy. @entity0 received a median of 5,040 cGy postoperatively, and 15 also received 500 cGy preoperatively on protocol. Two @entity0 received concomitant chemotherapy. Median follow-up is 56 months for all @entity0 and 67 months for survivors (range, 27-92 months). RESULTS: There were 2 T1, 15 T2, and 4 T3 @entity2 . The distance from the anal verge was a median of 4 (range, 1-7) cm. The median @entity2 size was 3 (range, 2-7) cm. Sixteen @entity0 had more than one-third of the wall involved. Four @entity0 (19 percent) developed a local recurrence at 26, 30, 33, and 48 (median, 31.5) months. Three were salvaged (abdominoperineal resection = 2; low anterior resection = 1) and remain disease-free 18, 36, and 37 months postoperatively. Four @entity0 (19 percent) developed @entity1 (lung = 3; liver = 1) at 3, 22, 25 and 44 months after initial treatment (median, 23.5 months). The actuarial five-year overall, disease-free and recurrence-free survival are 77, 75, and 58 percent, respectively. Twelve @entity0 (57 percent) have no evidence of disease while retaining their rectum. There was one @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Long-term follow-up confirms that local excision and radiation therapy is of value in @entity0 with mobile @entity2 of the rectum. It suggests that this treatment can be offered to those @entity0 who refuse a colostomy or are medically compromised and may be an acceptable option for selected @entity0 with T2 or T3, mobile @entity5 of the rectum.

title: Long-term follow-up of local excision and radiation therapy for invasive XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was measured in 140 normal young @entity0 (aged 20 to 39 years) and in 423 consecutive @entity0 over age 40 referred for evaluation of @entity2 . Lumbar spine and proximal femur @entity1 was measured using dual-photon absorptiometry (153Gd), whereas the radius shaft measurement used single-photon absorptiometry (125I). There were 324 older @entity0 with no @entity4 , of which 278 aged 60 to 80 years served as age-matched controls. There were 99 @entity0 with @entity4 including 32 with vertebral and 22 with @entity3 . Subsequently, another 25 @entity0 with @entity3 had @entity1 measured in another laboratory; their mean @entity1 was within 2% of that of the original series. The mean age in both the nonfracture and @entity4 groups was 70 +/- 5 years. The @entity1 in the age-matched controls was 20% to 25% below that of normal young @entity0 for the radius, spine, and femur, but the Ward's triangle region of the femur showed even greater loss (35%). The mean @entity1 at all sites in the crush @entity4 cases was about 10% to 15% below that of age-matched controls. @entity6 was best discriminated by spine and femoral measurements (Z score about 0.9). In @entity0 with @entity3 , the @entity1 was 10% below that of age-matched controls for the radius and the spine, and the @entity1 for the femoral sites was about 25% to 30% below that of age-matched control (Z score about 1.6). Femoral densities gave the best discrimination of @entity3 cases and even reflected spinal @entity5 . In contrast, neither the spine nor the radius reflected the full extent of femoral @entity5 in @entity3 .

title: Bone density of the radius, spine, and proximal femur in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: 97 @entity0 with @entity1 were treated surgically during the last 12 years. Only those @entity0 in which the disease showed rapid progression in the last 1/2-1 year were operated. Of these 97 @entity0 54 were followed for 5 years or longer. 28 @entity0 were treated by suboccipital decompression, 17 by terminal ventriculostomy, 4 by myelotomy and syringo-subarachnoid shunt; 5 had a combination of two procedures. Very good results were obtained in 12 @entity0 (22%), satisfactory-in 31 (58%) and poor results-in 11 (20%). Very good results were more often achieved after suboccipital decompression, but each method had as well excellent as unsatisfactory results, and the number of the @entity0 is too small as to allow statistically significant conclusions. It is almost impossible to predict the result of the surgical treatment in @entity1 , but good results were obtained most often in young @entity0 with relatively short duration of the disease. However, it is not the rule. Satisfactory results can even be obtained in older @entity0 with long lasting disease and poor neurological status. The best method of surgical treatment is still under discussion.

title: Late results of the surgical treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In about one third of @entity0 with @entity5 due to spinal @entity2 , @entity1 , and @entity7 adequate control with oral antispastic medication cannot be achieved and successful rehabilitation is severely handicapped. In the past these @entity0 were subjected to destructive chemical procedures or extensive surgery. The authors present the results of management of uncontrollable @entity5 by means of continuous intrathecal administration of @entity9 with a totally implantable gas driven pump system (Infusaid). 30 @entity0 were treated between June 1985 and January. 1987. The main indication was incapacitating @entity5 resistant to oral treatment with @entity9 and caused by @entity8 or lesion (11 @entity0 ), @entity1 (11 @entity0 ), @entity4 (3 @entity0 ) and @entity3 , @entity6 or ischaemia (5 @entity0 ). Clinical assessment included @entity5 scores, integrated electromyography (Iemg) and motography. Effective control for @entity5 with mean reduction of Iemg by 55%, decrease of Ashworth's score from 3 to 0 and improvement of life quality was obtained in all @entity0 with daily dose of 10-800 micrograms of @entity9 . Voluntary resting motoricity was not impaired and there were no untoward central side effects. The excellent effect of intrathecal @entity9 in comparison with oral therapy is explained by local, spinal GABAergic inhibitory action of the drug which is delivered directly into spinal subarachnoid space. Dose finding and dose adjustment is performed prior to pump implantation by intermittent injections into a subcutaneous port. The complications of the procedure were minor (catheter displacement, disconnection) and easily correctable.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Implanted pump systems for treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Radiation therapy and radiochemotherapy protocols can cause swallowing difficulties. AIM: To evaluate swallowing in @entity0 undergoing radiation therapy and radiochemotherapy protocol only for the treatment of @entity1 . METHODS: A prospective study of 20 @entity0 , with a mean age of 62 years, at the end of oncological therapy. Six @entity0 (30%) underwent radiation therapy, and 14 @entity0 (70%) underwent combined therapy. The mean time between treatment and an evaluation of swallowing was 8.5 months. Videofluoroscopy was done to assess the preparatory, oral and pharyngeal phases of swallowing. RESULTS: All @entity0 had only an oral diet. Normal swallowing was present in only 25% of @entity0 . The swallowing videofluoroscopic examination identified the following changes: bolus formation (85%), bolus ejection (60%), oral @entity3 (55%), changes in the onset of the pharyngeal phase (100%), decreased laryngeal elevation (65%), and hypopharyngeal stasis (80%). Laryngeal penetration was observed in 25% of the cases; 40% presented tracheal aspiration. The grade of penetration/aspiration was mild in 60% of cases. Aspiration was silent in 35% of @entity0 . Although 75% of @entity0 had @entity2 , only 25% complained of swallowing difficulties. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity1 that underwent radiation therapy/combined treatment can present changes in all swallowing phases, or may be asymptomatic.

title: [Swallowing after non-surgical treatment (radiation therapy / radiochemotherapy protocol) of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Thirty-three cases of primary @entity3 , i.e., 14 @entity3 , 14 @entity7 , treated at our hospital between November, 1976 and August, 1987 are reviewed retrospectively. @entity1 occurred on the right side in 18 cases, left side in 14 cases and bilateral in one case. The @entity0 ranged in age from 33 to 77 years (average 65.7 years), the sex ratio was 4.5:1 with male predominance over female. The most frequent symptoms were gross @entity4 in 22 cases (67%). Interval from onset of initial symptoms to first visit within one month for 23 cases (70%). The major findings of excretory urograms were non-visualizing kidney in 18 cases (55%) and filling defect in 12 cases (36%). Positive urinary cytology was obtained in 18 cases (55%). Operative therapy was performed in all cases, namely, total nephroureterectomy with partial cystectomy in 21 cases (64%) and nephrectomy with transurethral ureterectomy in 7 cases (21%). Histopathologically, all cases but one case of @entity5 were @entity6 . Subsequent @entity2 were found in 10 cases (30%). The overall survival rate at 1, 3 and 5 years were 84%, 68% and 61%, respectively by Kaplan-Meier method. In this series, grade and stage of @entity1 were the most influential factors for prognosis.

title: [A clinical study of 33 cases of XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Case 1: A 58-year-old @entity0 was seen with dull @entity2 over the left flank. The X-ray examination revealed a @entity3 in the left kidney. On operation, a globular hard mass was found in the lower portion of the posterior aspect of the kidney from which a biopsy specimen was obtained. A frozen section study showed @entity4 , and nephrectomy was performed. The @entity0 is well four years after the operation without recurrence or @entity1 . Case 2: A 50-year-old @entity0 consulted with microhematuria pointed out in a physical examination. At the operation for @entity3 , we found the mass in the lower portion of the kidney. A frozen section study of the mass revealed @entity4 . We performed nephrectomy and lymphadenectomy on the renal pedicle. The @entity0 is well three years after the operation. We reviewed the cases of @entity4 associated with @entity3 reported in Japan and discussed how the nephrectomy should be performed according to the frozen section study.

title: [Unexpected XXXX found during the operation in renal calculus: report of two cases].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The exposure of surface dressing workers to @entity0 ( @entity1 ) was studied. Four different paving sites, at which coal tar-containing binders were applied, were selected as work sites with high exposure levels of @entity1 . Breathing zone airborne particulates, contamination of the skin with @entity1 , and @entity2 in urine of the workers involved in chip sealing were determined. Substantial concentrations of @entity4 -soluble airborne particulate matter were found (GM = 0.2 mg/m3, n = 28). Skin contamination was determined using two different methods: with exposure pads and by hand washing. Pads were mounted on several parts of the body: wrist, elbow, neck, shoulder, and ankle. The pads located on the wrist appeared to be the most contaminated ( @entity3 : GM = 22 ng/1.77 cm2, n = 40). The end-of-shift hand washing showed that the hands of the workers were contaminated with @entity1 ( @entity3 : GM = 70 micrograms, n = 35). Preshift hand washing showed far lower, but detectable, quantities of @entity1 on workers' hands ( @entity3 : GM = 5 micrograms, n = 35). Enhanced levels of urinary @entity2 among the workers were found. The highest levels were found in the end-of-shift urine samples. Correlations between the @entity3 exposure variables were studied. Significant positive correlations were found between @entity3 on the wrist pad versus end-of-shift urinary @entity2 ; between @entity3 on the hands versus end-of-shift urinary @entity2 ; and between the two different skin contamination variables.

title: Airborne concentrations, skin contamination, and urinary metabolite excretion of XXXX among paving workers exposed to coal tar derived road tars.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The connective tissue associated with the myenteric plexus of the @entity0 oesophagus was studied by light and electron microscopy. Collagen fibres were identified by picrosirius staining with polarization microscopy and from their fine structural morphology. A capsule of connective tissue invests the ganglia while septa of connective tissue separate groups of @entity1 neurons, surrounding each individual @entity1 neuron and each nerve bundle. Collagen fibrils surround the ganglia, each @entity1 neuron and each nerve bundle. The fibrils are disposed in various orientations forming networks. Elastic, elaunin and oxytalan fibres were identified by their staining characteristics and fine structural morphology. The bulk of the @entity1 sheath consists of coarse elastic fibres and elaunin fibres. Elaunin and oxytalan fibres form the intraganglionic network. Oxytalan, elaunin and elastic fibres appear to be located in areas related to different stresses and deformation to which the ganglia of the myenteric plexus are exposed during the contraction of the esophageal wall. The ganglia of the myenteric plexus of the @entity0 oesophagus show structural organisation of the connective tissue component similar to that seen in sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia.

title: Identification of collagen, elastic, elaunin and oxytalan fibres in ganglia of the myenteric plexus of the XXXX oesophagus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The development of an effective and safe gene therapy for prevention of @entity1 , either acute or chronic, relies on the use of applicable and reproducible models of @entity1 . Evaluation of potential new therapies usually involves assessment of beneficial phenotypic changes to vascular cells in isolated cells, in more complex organ cultures, and in in vivo models. We have extensively utilized gene transfer in isolated @entity0 vein vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) (1). Furthermore, we have extended our initial studies and evaluated potential gene therapies in a @entity0 saphenous vein organ culture model (2,3). The use of @entity0 saphenous vein, in this context, is advantageous as it is the most commonly used conduit for bypass grafting in the clinic. However, the organ culture model is static, and additionally studies need to be carried out in an in vivo model. In this chapter we describe a porcine model of vein graft @entity3 formation. @entity2 arteriovenous bypass grafting provides a reproducible model of intimal thickening, which is associated with late @entity1 , and the effect of potential gene therapies can be assessed over long periods (up to 6 mo) (4; see Fig. 1). Furthermore, the saphenous vein is removed prior to grafting, and ex vivo genetic manipulation can be performed, providing a simple, controllable and safe method of gene transfer prior to grafting in vivo. Fig. 1. @entity3 formation in porcine saphenous vein grafts. Removal of grafts at 7 d (A) and 28 d (B) reveals extensive and progressive @entity3 formation. The intimal/ medial border is indicated with arrows in each case. A, adventitia; M, media; I, intima.

title: A XXXX model of vein graft disease applications for potential gene therapies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Effort @entity2 of the subclavian vein is often inadequately treated--and most of the time treatment is late. Physicians are unfamiliar with this syndrome and its treatment. STUDY DESIGN: In 65 @entity0 with this syndrome, three major categories were recognized. The acute group (less than one week) comprised 14 @entity0 subdivided into first time occurrence, recurrent episode, or occurrence after previous surgery for thoracic outlet. The subacute group (between one and two weeks) comprised four @entity0 with the same subdivisions as the acute group. The chronic group (greater than two weeks) comprised 47 @entity0 . Acute and subacute cases were treated with direct lytic therapy (urokinase) followed by operation. An anterior subclavicular approach was used to remove the first rib, subclavius, and anterior scalene muscles and to have safe access to the vein. @entity0 in the chronic stage required vein patch angioplasty of the strictured segment. RESULTS: In acute cases (first time occurrence) decompression of the vein only at the thoracic outlet was effective in 100 percent of cases (eight @entity0 ). Vein patch angioplasty was needed in recurrent, subacute, and chronic cases. This procedure was 100 percent effective if @entity3 was less than 2 cm long. @entity4 had only a 37.5 percent (three of eight) success rate. Fourteen @entity0 were considered inoperable. CONCLUSIONS: It is recommended that effort @entity2 of the subclavian vein be treated acutely with thrombolytic agents followed by operation. This aims to prevent chronic @entity1 of the subclavian vein, which is a consistent complication in @entity0 who have had delayed treatment for more than two weeks. If operable, chronic stage @entity0 always require vein patch angioplasty.

title: Need for emergency treatment in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this prospective study was to assess the contribution of laparoscopy combined with laparoscopic ultrasonography (LLU) in the preoperative staging of @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity3 . STUDY DESIGN: Preoperative LLU was performed in 56 @entity0 who were selected for curative resection of @entity1 (n = 38) or @entity2 with involvement of the distal esophagus (n = 18) after routine preoperative workup. During LLU, the peritoneal cavity was scrutinized for metastatic disease, and ultrasonography of the liver and celiac axis was performed. In all @entity0 without histologically proven metastases, laparotomy was then performed. RESULTS: The morbidity rate of the procedure was 3.5 percent (two superficial wound infections). In three (5 percent) of the 56 @entity0 , laparotomy was excluded by the presence of intra-abdominal metastases. In three other @entity0 , laparotomy was necessary to confirm the suspected hepatic or peritoneal metastases, or both, because histologic proof was not obtained at laparoscopy. In one @entity0 , LLU failed to detect a small hepatic metastasis in segment VII. The preoperative stage was altered by laparoscopy in nine (17 percent) @entity0 (M1 in six, T4 in three). Laparotomy was avoided in two (11 percent) and the preoperative stage changed in seven @entity0 (41 percent), all of whom had @entity2 , as occurred in one (3 percent) and two (6 percent) @entity0 with @entity1 of the esophagus, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative staging by LLU is of little value in @entity0 with @entity1 of the middle and lower esophagus. The probable role of LLU in the staging of @entity0 with @entity2 remains to be confirmed in larger series.

title: Laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography in staging of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Skin samples from most body regions of the @entity2 were examined. The epidermis is 2.7 to 50 times thicker than that reported in other cetaceans with both regional and individual variations in thickness. The thinnest areas examined (1 mm) occur on the eyelid margins and the thickest (25 mm) occur on the lower jaw. A distinctive parakeratotic stratum corneum with a thick underlying stratum spinosum (without a stratum granulosum) extends over the entire body surface. From a few dozen to several hundred @entity0 are present on all whales studied. A typical stratum basale of germinative keratinocytes (with melanocytes in pigmented areas) rests upon a well-defined basal lamina. Epidermal rod arrays arise from the basal keratinocytes which cover highly elongated @entity1 and extend to the epidermal surface through the distal stratum spinosum and the stratum corneum. At least four diatom genera occur on and in the stratum corneum and lesion areas of different whales. The superficial dermis consists of a papillary layer with long (up to 13 mm) @entity1 interdigitating with the epidermis from a basal area that is 2-4 mm in thickness. The number of @entity1 per mm2 varies inversely with the thickness of the epidermis. Large diameter, sensory papillae packed with tortuous, highly elongated, encapsulated nerve end organs also interdigitate with the thin epidermal areas of the ventral surface of the rostrum, the upper and lower lip margins, and the upper and lower eyelid margins. Scattered, single, stiff hairs emerge from the skin only in specific, pigmented regions of the head.

title: Epidermal and papillary dermal characteristics of the XXXX ( @entity2 ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: Skin samples from most body regions of the @entity2 were examined. The epidermis is 2.7 to 50 times thicker than that reported in other cetaceans with both regional and individual variations in thickness. The thinnest areas examined (1 mm) occur on the eyelid margins and the thickest (25 mm) occur on the lower jaw. A distinctive parakeratotic stratum corneum with a thick underlying stratum spinosum (without a stratum granulosum) extends over the entire body surface. From a few dozen to several hundred @entity0 are present on all whales studied. A typical stratum basale of germinative keratinocytes (with melanocytes in pigmented areas) rests upon a well-defined basal lamina. Epidermal rod arrays arise from the basal keratinocytes which cover highly elongated @entity1 and extend to the epidermal surface through the distal stratum spinosum and the stratum corneum. At least four diatom genera occur on and in the stratum corneum and lesion areas of different whales. The superficial dermis consists of a papillary layer with long (up to 13 mm) @entity1 interdigitating with the epidermis from a basal area that is 2-4 mm in thickness. The number of @entity1 per mm2 varies inversely with the thickness of the epidermis. Large diameter, sensory papillae packed with tortuous, highly elongated, encapsulated nerve end organs also interdigitate with the thin epidermal areas of the ventral surface of the rostrum, the upper and lower lip margins, and the upper and lower eyelid margins. Scattered, single, stiff hairs emerge from the skin only in specific, pigmented regions of the head.

title: Epidermal and papillary dermal characteristics of the @entity2 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In developed countries, most @entity3 appears to be due to @entity2 and @entity4 . We report rates for incidence of subtypes of @entity3 based on clinical diagnosis. METHOD: This study was a 2.4-year (s.d. 2.6 months) follow-up of a cohort aged 75 years and over, seen initially in a prevalence study of @entity3 . A screening interview in 1173 survivors was followed in a subsample of 461 respondents by a diagnostic interview 1.8 months after screening (s.d. 1.5 months). This comprised a standardised interview with respondent and informant, with venepuncture where possible. Clinical diagnoses of subtypes were made by specified criteria. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity2 of mild and greater severity was 2.7/1000 @entity0 -years at risk (1.6-4.4); in @entity0 1.5 (0.8-2.7) and in @entity0 3.3 (1.8-5.9). The incidence of @entity4 was 1.2/100 @entity0 -years at risk (0.7-1.9); in @entity0 1.1 (0.4-2.8) and in @entity0 1.2 (0.7-2.0). @entity2 , but not @entity4 , showed a marked increase with age, particularly in @entity0 . Rates for minimal @entity3 of different subtypes showed similar age and sex effects, but were much higher for @entity2 than @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: The striking rise in incidence rates of @entity3 in the very old appear to be due to @entity2 , while rates for @entity4 remain relatively constant. These trends are particularly marked for minimal @entity3 , but emphasise the importance of @entity2 in the community as a cause of @entity1 of all degrees.

title: Incidence of clinically diagnosed subtypes of XXXX in an elderly population. Cambridge Project for Later Life.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Rheumatologists usually recommend monthly blood monitoring when @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are treated with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Is monthly monitoring needed or could its frequency be reduced? We audited the opinions of UK rheumatologists and reviewed clinical experience at three centres. To ascertain the interval at which @entity0 are monitored and the determinants of monitoring policy we sent a questionnaire to 193 consultant rheumatologists; 143 (74%) replied. The majority use monthly monitoring for most @entity3 except @entity6 , @entity2 and @entity7 . There is extensive variation, which is not related to the type of rheumatology unit or whether a shared scheme with general practitioners is used. Reviewing experience in 390 @entity0 treated with @entity3 at three adjacent rheumatology units in London showed that haematological adverse reactions were infrequent. During 1560 @entity0 -years of treatment involving 18,720 monthly monitoring visits there were 13 haematological adverse reactions (11 @entity4 and two @entity5 ). Five @entity4 developed after 6 months of treatment; five occurred gradually over 5 months or more and one borderline low platelet count was seen once. The two @entity5 were borderline low white cell counts occurring gradually over 3-6 months. Such frequent monitoring is expensive. The total cost of monitoring 390 @entity0 for 1560 @entity0 -years was 420,000 pounds. The cost of detecting each adverse reaction was 32,000 pounds. Three-monthly monitoring when therapy is established after an initial stabilizing period would have identified seven out of eight late adverse reactions. Monitoring policies are mainly based on clinical consensus with few prospective studies of their value; they need re-evaluation.

title: Are XXXX monitored too often? An audit of current clinical practice.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity5 can result in acute @entity4 with serious hemodynamic compromise. This condition requires prompt pericardial decompression for relief of symptoms; however, the risks of general anesthesia in this setting are considerable. In a series of 12 @entity1 , all operated on under local anesthesia without operative mortality, there were six @entity1 with @entity2 ; four @entity1 , secondary to @entity0 ; one @entity1 , secondary to squamous cell @entity3 ; and one @entity1 , secondary to an unknown primary. The clinical presentation of each was abrupt and echocardiography was definitive. The procedure is performed through an upper abdominal midline incision. The xiphoid process is excised, the diaphragm is visualized, and a pericardial window is created through which two chest tubes are placed through separate stab incisions. The tubes are removed when the drainage has subsided, usually 3-7 days. No medication or irritant is instilled. There was no recurrence following this treatment. The average survival time was 27 weeks with a range of 2-153 weeks. This operation should be part of the repertoire of the general surgeon who treats @entity0 and of the thoracic surgeon who treats @entity2 .

title: Emergency subxiphoid pericardial decompression for XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Stem cells from the apical papilla ( @entity9 ) of @entity0 adult teeth are considered an accessible source of cells with angiogenic properties. The aims of this study were to investigate the endothelial transdifferentiation of @entity9 , the secretion of pro- and antiangiogenic factors from @entity9 , and the paracrine effects of @entity9 when exposed to environmental stress to stimulate tissue damage. @entity9 were exposed to serum deprivation (SD), @entity4 deprivation (GD), and @entity2 deprivation/hypoxia (OD) conditions, individually or in combination. Endothelial transdifferentiation was evaluated by in vitro capillary-like formation assays, real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and flow cytometric analyses of angiogenesis-related markers; secretome by antibody arrays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA); and paracrine impact on @entity0 umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by in vitro transwell migration and capillary-like formation assays. The short-term exposure of @entity9 to @entity4 / @entity2 deprivation (GOD) in the presence, but mainly in deprivation, of serum (SGOD) elicited a proangiogenesis effect indicated by expression of angiogenesis-related genes involved in @entity1 ( @entity1 )/ @entity3 and angiopoietins/Tie pathways. This effect was unachievable under SD in normoxia, suggesting that the critical microenvironmental condition inducing rapid endothelial shift of @entity9 is the combination of SGOD. Interestingly, @entity9 showed high adaptability to these adverse conditions, retaining cell viability and acquiring a capillary-forming phenotype. @entity9 secreted higher numbers and amounts of pro- (angiogenin, @entity6 , @entity1 ) and lower amounts of antiangiogenic factors ( @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity8 ) under SGOD compared with SOD or SD alone. Finally, secretome obtained under SGOD was most effective in inducing migration and capillary-like formation by HUVECs. These data provide new evidence on the microenvironmental factors favoring endothelial transdifferentiation of @entity9 , uncovering the molecular mechanisms regulating their fate. They also validate the angiogenic properties of their secretome giving insights into preconditioning strategies enhancing their therapeutic potential.

title: Angiogenic Potential and Secretome of XXXX Apical Papilla Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Various Stress Microenvironments.

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: The thyroid has a high vascular density and this vascularity may be influenced by pregnancy-specific angiogenic factors. Proangiogenic placental growth factor ( @entity6 ) and antiangiogenic soluble FMS-like @entity5 kinase-1 (sFlt1; a @entity1 [ @entity1 ] and @entity6 antagonist) are important pregnancy-specific angiogenesis regulators. We previously showed that fetal levels of sFlt1 and @entity6 are associated with newborn thyroid function. However, the maternal thyroid may also be affected as @entity6 and @entity1 are secreted into the maternal circulation and cause a concomitant increase of sFlt1 to overcome adverse effects of angiogenesis overstimulation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Maternal sFlt1, @entity6 , TSH, FT4, or @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity4 ) levels were determined during early pregnancy (<18 wk) in 5517 @entity0 from the Generation R study. Analyses were adjusted for relevant covariates and interaction between @entity4 and angiogenic factors was investigated. RESULTS: Increasing levels of sFlt1 were associated with a decrease in FT4 and T4 (both P < .001), and an increased risk of @entity2 (odds ratio [OR] for high levels, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.16-4.83; P = .02) and @entity3 (linear P = .02; OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.42-6.55; P = .004). Increasing levels of @entity6 were associated with a decrease in TSH and FT4 levels (both P < .001), and an increased risk of @entity3 (linear P = .002; OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.02-3.06; P = .04). High levels of @entity4 decreased the difference in FT4 between low and high sFlt1. In @entity0 with high @entity6 levels, the @entity4 -mediated increase in FT4 levels was attenuated. CONCLUSION: sFlt1 and @entity6 are novel determinants of maternal thyroid (dys)function during early pregnancy and the response of the maternal thyroid function to @entity4 stimulation. These data provide novel insights into the pregnancy specific thyroid function physiology and suggest that high levels of pro- and anti-angiogenic factors may be a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes via their effects on maternal thyroid function.

title: Placental Angiogenic Factors Are Associated With Maternal Thyroid Function and Modify XXXX -Mediated FT4 Stimulation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of our autoinitialized cascaded level set 3D segmentation system as compared with the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and the Response Evaluation Criteria In @entity1 (RECIST) for estimation of treatment response of @entity2 in CT urography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT urograms before and after neoadjuvant chemo-therapy treatment were collected from 18 @entity0 with muscle-invasive localized or locally advanced @entity2 . The disease stage as determined on pathologic samples at cystectomy after chemotherapy was considered as reference standard of treatment response. Two radiologists measured the longest diameter and its perpendicular on the pre- and posttreatment scans. Full 3D contours for all @entity1 were manually outlined by one radiologist. The autoinitialized cascaded level set method was used to automatically extract 3D @entity1 boundary. The prediction accuracy of pT0 disease (complete response) at cystectomy was estimated by the manual, autoinitialized cascaded level set, WHO, and RECIST methods on the basis of the AUC. RESULTS: The AUC for prediction of pT0 disease at cystectomy was 0.78    0.11 for autoinitialized cascaded level set compared with 0.82    0.10 for manual segmentation. The difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.67). The AUCs using RECIST criteria were 0.62    0.16 and 0.71    0.12 for the two radiologists, both lower than those of the two 3D methods. The AUCs using WHO criteria were 0.56    0.15 and 0.60    0.13 and thus were lower than all other methods. CONCLUSION: The pre- and posttreatment 3D volume change estimates obtained by the radiologist's manual outlines and the autoinitialized cascaded level set segmentation were more accurate for irregularly shaped @entity1 than were those based on RECIST and WHO criteria.

title: Treatment Response Assessment for XXXX on CT Based on Computerized Volume Analysis, World Health Organization Criteria, and RECIST.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The present study examined the role of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) in tissue remodeling that occurs during luteal development and regression throughout pseudopregnancy in the @entity0 . Pseudopregnancy was induced in immature female @entity0 by eCG/hCG priming. Animals (n = 4 per time point) were killed on Days 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 14, and 16 of pseudopregnancy (post hCG administration), and ovaries were removed and analyzed for metalloproteinase inhibitor activity or @entity1 , @entity3 , and @entity4 mRNA expression. Inhibitory activity was highest in Day-1 samples (41.35 +/- 6.50 inhibitory units), and inhibitor activity significantly decreased (p < 0.05) thereafter to minimal values at Day 12 (8.14 +/- 2.71 inhibitory units). @entity2 treatment, which inactivates macroglobulin-type inhibitors, revealed that the majority of the inhibitor activity in the Day-1 samples (82.6%) and the Day-16 samples (77.3%) could be attributed to TIMPs. To further distinguish the contribution of each @entity1 to this activity, Northern analysis for @entity5 was performed. Analysis of @entity1 mRNA expression revealed that @entity1 transcript expression was highest (p = 0.00009) at Day 1, decreased approximately 3- to 20-fold from Days 2 to 12, respectively, and again increased at Days 14-16. However, @entity3 expression did not change (p > 0.05) over any of the time points studied. In contrast to @entity1 and @entity3 expression, @entity4 mRNA expression was lowest during Days 1 and 2 of pseudopregnancy, increased approximately 4-fold at Day 4, peaked at Day 8, and remained elevated throughout the remainder of pseudopregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Expression and activity of ovarian tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases during pseudopregnancy in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: From January 1990 to December 1993, 23 adults were hospitalized at our institution for treatment of @entity1 that occurred following @entity8 wounds. All 23 @entity0 had @entity6 , and 14 had signs of @entity7 on a roentgenogram or a 99mTc bone scan. After undergoing surgical intervention that consisted of debridement, drainage of the pus, and exploration of the bones, @entity0 received intravenous @entity5 (400 mg b.i.d.) for 24 hours, followed by an oral regimen (750 mg b.i.d.). Nine @entity0 with @entity6 received oral therapy for 7 days, and the 14 @entity0 with @entity7 received oral therapy for 14 days. Isolates that were recovered included @entity4 (18 @entity0 ) and @entity3 (2 @entity0 ); one @entity0 had a @entity2 , and in two cases no pathogens were recovered. All of the isolates were susceptible to @entity5 . All @entity0 were cured, and none had reinfection. Our results show that @entity1 following a @entity8 wound may be treated with oral @entity5 (750 mg b.i.d.) for 7-14 days, provided that surgery is performed first.

title: Oral XXXX for treatment of @entity1 following @entity8 wounds of the foot.

answer: @entity5


abstract: From January 1990 to December 1993, 23 adults were hospitalized at our institution for treatment of @entity1 that occurred following @entity8 wounds. All 23 @entity0 had @entity6 , and 14 had signs of @entity7 on a roentgenogram or a 99mTc bone scan. After undergoing surgical intervention that consisted of debridement, drainage of the pus, and exploration of the bones, @entity0 received intravenous @entity5 (400 mg b.i.d.) for 24 hours, followed by an oral regimen (750 mg b.i.d.). Nine @entity0 with @entity6 received oral therapy for 7 days, and the 14 @entity0 with @entity7 received oral therapy for 14 days. Isolates that were recovered included @entity4 (18 @entity0 ) and @entity3 (2 @entity0 ); one @entity0 had a @entity2 , and in two cases no pathogens were recovered. All of the isolates were susceptible to @entity5 . All @entity0 were cured, and none had reinfection. Our results show that @entity1 following a @entity8 wound may be treated with oral @entity5 (750 mg b.i.d.) for 7-14 days, provided that surgery is performed first.

title: Oral @entity5 for treatment of XXXX following @entity8 wounds of the foot.

answer: @entity1


abstract: From January 1990 to December 1993, 23 adults were hospitalized at our institution for treatment of @entity1 that occurred following @entity8 wounds. All 23 @entity0 had @entity6 , and 14 had signs of @entity7 on a roentgenogram or a 99mTc bone scan. After undergoing surgical intervention that consisted of debridement, drainage of the pus, and exploration of the bones, @entity0 received intravenous @entity5 (400 mg b.i.d.) for 24 hours, followed by an oral regimen (750 mg b.i.d.). Nine @entity0 with @entity6 received oral therapy for 7 days, and the 14 @entity0 with @entity7 received oral therapy for 14 days. Isolates that were recovered included @entity4 (18 @entity0 ) and @entity3 (2 @entity0 ); one @entity0 had a @entity2 , and in two cases no pathogens were recovered. All of the isolates were susceptible to @entity5 . All @entity0 were cured, and none had reinfection. Our results show that @entity1 following a @entity8 wound may be treated with oral @entity5 (750 mg b.i.d.) for 7-14 days, provided that surgery is performed first.

title: Oral @entity5 for treatment of @entity1 following XXXX wounds of the foot.

answer: @entity8


abstract: To investigate the interaction of PRL and @entity2 in regulating uterine gene expression, we have quantitated the concentration of PRL receptor and of uteroglobin (UG) mRNA in the endometrium of @entity1 of different ages and after treatment with different hormones. During uterine differentiation in 2- to 4-week old @entity1 , a marked increase in unoccupied uterine PRL receptor number was observed, presumably increasing uterine sensitivity to PRL. Receptor values for 4-week old @entity1 were comparable to values for sexually mature, estrous females, but were lower than in 5-day pseudopregnant (PSP) animals. When total PRL receptor was determined by Scatchard analysis after in vitro desaturation with @entity3 , PSP animals again expressed the highest receptor concentration with no changes in the dissociation constant (Kd) values. To determine whether @entity2 regulates uterine PRL receptor, long term ovariectomized @entity1 (greater than 12 weeks) were treated with various combinations of hormones, and unoccupied and total uterine PRL receptors were determined. @entity2 treatment resulted in the highest concentration of both unoccupied and total PRL receptor after desaturation and removal of anti-ovine PRL antibodies with @entity3 . The value for total uterine PRL receptor was equivalent to the value for mammary gland, and the Kd values (2-4 x 10(-10) M) were similar. Treatment of long term ovariectomized @entity1 with @entity2 , with or without @entity0 , produced an increase (P less than 0.05) in the UG mRNA content, which also occurred in PSP animals. PRL alone had no effect on UG mRNA but PRL plus @entity2 increased (P less than 0.05) UG mRNA in a dose-dependent manner.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Servomechanism of prolactin and XXXX in regulating uterine gene expression.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Organotypic hippocampal cultures were exposed to defined periods (30 and 60 min) of combined @entity0 and @entity5 deprivation, mimicking transient @entity1 conditions. The involvement of different @entity9 receptors in individual hippocampal subfields ( @entity7 , @entity8 and dentate gyrus) was studied using antagonists of @entity4 ( @entity11 ) and @entity3 / @entity12 receptors (CNQX and @entity13 ). Staining with the fluorescent dye @entity10 (PI) allowed detection of damaged cells. For quantitative determination of @entity6 , fluorescence intensity was measured after a 22 h recovery period and was related to maximal fluorescence intensity measured after fixation and PI restaining of the cultures at the end of the experiment. @entity11 (10 microM), CNQX (100 microM) and @entity13 (100 microM) provided complete protection in @entity7 , @entity8 and dentate gyrus following the moderate @entity1 insult, when the antagonists were present permanently. This indicates that none of the ionotropic @entity9 receptor subtypes dominated @entity2 in the most sensitive subpopulation of neurons. When applied only during the recovery period protection with @entity11 (10 microM) or CNQX (100 microM) was drastically reduced by about 60% in the most sensitive area ( @entity7 ), but only slightly by 15% in @entity8 . Therefore the onset of irreversible damage seems to occur earlier in @entity7 than in @entity8 . Blockade of @entity3 / @entity12 receptors by @entity13 (100 microM) offered no neuroprotection if the compound was applied only during the recovery period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Protection from @entity6 induced by combined @entity0 and @entity5 deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures by XXXX receptor antagonists.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Organotypic hippocampal cultures were exposed to defined periods (30 and 60 min) of combined @entity0 and @entity5 deprivation, mimicking transient @entity1 conditions. The involvement of different @entity9 receptors in individual hippocampal subfields ( @entity7 , @entity8 and dentate gyrus) was studied using antagonists of @entity4 ( @entity11 ) and @entity3 / @entity12 receptors (CNQX and @entity13 ). Staining with the fluorescent dye @entity10 (PI) allowed detection of damaged cells. For quantitative determination of @entity6 , fluorescence intensity was measured after a 22 h recovery period and was related to maximal fluorescence intensity measured after fixation and PI restaining of the cultures at the end of the experiment. @entity11 (10 microM), CNQX (100 microM) and @entity13 (100 microM) provided complete protection in @entity7 , @entity8 and dentate gyrus following the moderate @entity1 insult, when the antagonists were present permanently. This indicates that none of the ionotropic @entity9 receptor subtypes dominated @entity2 in the most sensitive subpopulation of neurons. When applied only during the recovery period protection with @entity11 (10 microM) or CNQX (100 microM) was drastically reduced by about 60% in the most sensitive area ( @entity7 ), but only slightly by 15% in @entity8 . Therefore the onset of irreversible damage seems to occur earlier in @entity7 than in @entity8 . Blockade of @entity3 / @entity12 receptors by @entity13 (100 microM) offered no neuroprotection if the compound was applied only during the recovery period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Protection from @entity6 induced by combined XXXX and @entity5 deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures by @entity9 receptor antagonists.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Organotypic hippocampal cultures were exposed to defined periods (30 and 60 min) of combined @entity0 and @entity5 deprivation, mimicking transient @entity1 conditions. The involvement of different @entity9 receptors in individual hippocampal subfields ( @entity7 , @entity8 and dentate gyrus) was studied using antagonists of @entity4 ( @entity11 ) and @entity3 / @entity12 receptors (CNQX and @entity13 ). Staining with the fluorescent dye @entity10 (PI) allowed detection of damaged cells. For quantitative determination of @entity6 , fluorescence intensity was measured after a 22 h recovery period and was related to maximal fluorescence intensity measured after fixation and PI restaining of the cultures at the end of the experiment. @entity11 (10 microM), CNQX (100 microM) and @entity13 (100 microM) provided complete protection in @entity7 , @entity8 and dentate gyrus following the moderate @entity1 insult, when the antagonists were present permanently. This indicates that none of the ionotropic @entity9 receptor subtypes dominated @entity2 in the most sensitive subpopulation of neurons. When applied only during the recovery period protection with @entity11 (10 microM) or CNQX (100 microM) was drastically reduced by about 60% in the most sensitive area ( @entity7 ), but only slightly by 15% in @entity8 . Therefore the onset of irreversible damage seems to occur earlier in @entity7 than in @entity8 . Blockade of @entity3 / @entity12 receptors by @entity13 (100 microM) offered no neuroprotection if the compound was applied only during the recovery period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Protection from XXXX induced by combined @entity0 and @entity5 deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures by @entity9 receptor antagonists.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Organotypic hippocampal cultures were exposed to defined periods (30 and 60 min) of combined @entity0 and @entity5 deprivation, mimicking transient @entity1 conditions. The involvement of different @entity9 receptors in individual hippocampal subfields ( @entity7 , @entity8 and dentate gyrus) was studied using antagonists of @entity4 ( @entity11 ) and @entity3 / @entity12 receptors (CNQX and @entity13 ). Staining with the fluorescent dye @entity10 (PI) allowed detection of damaged cells. For quantitative determination of @entity6 , fluorescence intensity was measured after a 22 h recovery period and was related to maximal fluorescence intensity measured after fixation and PI restaining of the cultures at the end of the experiment. @entity11 (10 microM), CNQX (100 microM) and @entity13 (100 microM) provided complete protection in @entity7 , @entity8 and dentate gyrus following the moderate @entity1 insult, when the antagonists were present permanently. This indicates that none of the ionotropic @entity9 receptor subtypes dominated @entity2 in the most sensitive subpopulation of neurons. When applied only during the recovery period protection with @entity11 (10 microM) or CNQX (100 microM) was drastically reduced by about 60% in the most sensitive area ( @entity7 ), but only slightly by 15% in @entity8 . Therefore the onset of irreversible damage seems to occur earlier in @entity7 than in @entity8 . Blockade of @entity3 / @entity12 receptors by @entity13 (100 microM) offered no neuroprotection if the compound was applied only during the recovery period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Protection from @entity6 induced by combined @entity0 and XXXX deprivation in organotypic hippocampal cultures by @entity9 receptor antagonists.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In vivo administration of @entity6 once daily decreased the levels of liver microsomal cyt. P-450 to the extent of 32 and 76% at the end of 24 and 96 hrs respectively. However, cyt. b5 and @entity1 -cyt. c reductase activities remained unchanged. In vitro incubation (15 min) of liver microsomes from @entity7 (PB)-treated @entity0 with @entity6 (10 mM), aerobically or anaerobically resulted in the loss (approximately 60%) of cyt. P-450 in the presence or absence of @entity1 . Destruction of cyt. P-450 was more in PB-treated microsomes as compared to @entity3 (MC)-treated and control microsomes. The loss of cyt. P-450 was accompanied by a concomitant loss of microsomal @entity2 . In contrast, @entity5 or @entity4 upon incubation with PB-induced microsomes resulted in the conversion (25-40%) of cyt. P-450 to cyt. P-420 without any loss of microsomal @entity2 . The destructive process is irreversible, time dependent, linear upto a substrate concentration of 10 mM and follows first order kinetics.

title: In vivo and in vitro destruction of @entity0 liver cytochrome P-450 by a monoterpene ketone, XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: In vivo administration of @entity6 once daily decreased the levels of liver microsomal cyt. P-450 to the extent of 32 and 76% at the end of 24 and 96 hrs respectively. However, cyt. b5 and @entity1 -cyt. c reductase activities remained unchanged. In vitro incubation (15 min) of liver microsomes from @entity7 (PB)-treated @entity0 with @entity6 (10 mM), aerobically or anaerobically resulted in the loss (approximately 60%) of cyt. P-450 in the presence or absence of @entity1 . Destruction of cyt. P-450 was more in PB-treated microsomes as compared to @entity3 (MC)-treated and control microsomes. The loss of cyt. P-450 was accompanied by a concomitant loss of microsomal @entity2 . In contrast, @entity5 or @entity4 upon incubation with PB-induced microsomes resulted in the conversion (25-40%) of cyt. P-450 to cyt. P-420 without any loss of microsomal @entity2 . The destructive process is irreversible, time dependent, linear upto a substrate concentration of 10 mM and follows first order kinetics.

title: In vivo and in vitro destruction of XXXX liver cytochrome P-450 by a monoterpene ketone, @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Cultured ovine oligodendrocytes (OLGs) express a number of voltage-dependent @entity4 currents after they attach to a substratum and as they begin to develop processes. At 24-48 hours following plating, an outward @entity4 current can be identified that represents a composite response of a rapidly inactivating component and a steady-state or noninactivating component. After 4-7 days in culture, OLGs also develop an inward rectifier current. We studied the effects of @entity6 and @entity5 ( @entity8 ) on OLG outward currents. These compounds are known to alter the myelinogenic metabolism of OLGs. @entity8 , an activator of @entity11 ( @entity11 ), has been shown to enhance @entity7 phosphorylation while @entity6 acting on adenylate cyclase, and thereby increasing @entity1 , inhibits it. Both @entity6 and @entity8 increase the phosphorylation of 2'3'-cyclic @entity2 phosphodiesterase, an OLG/myelin protein. We found that @entity6 decreased the steady-state outward current at 120 mV by 10% at 100 nM, and by 72% at 25 microM from a holding potential of -80 mV. The time course of inactivation of the peak currents was decreased, affecting both the fast and slow time constants. There was no significant change in the steady-state parameters of current activation and inactivation. The effect of @entity6 was attenuated when the adenylate cyclase inhibitor @entity3 (2 mM) was present in the intracellular/pipette filling solution. The results of @entity8 experiments were similar to those obtained with @entity6 . Whereas the amplitude of the currents in the presence of @entity8 was reduced by 28% at 1.5 nM and 60% and 600 nM, the decay phase of the peak currents was less affected. The @entity8 effect could still be seen when the intracellular @entity0 was reduced to less than or equal to 10 nM with 5 mM @entity10 , but was inhibited when the cells were pre-exposed to 50 microM @entity9 , a @entity11 inhibitor. It is postulated that the @entity4 currents in OLG can be physiologically modulated by two distinct second-messenger systems, perhaps converging at the level of a common phosphorylated enzyme or regulatory protein.

title: XXXX and phorbol esters decrease the same K+ conductance in cultured oligodendrocytes.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity5 can be diagnosed by cross sectional echocardiography. Information is, however, lacking concerning the diagnostic accuracy of this imaging method and any factors which may influence it. To predict the pulmonary venous connection 463 @entity0 with @entity1 who had angiographic confirmation were prospectively examined. @entity5 was present in 34 (7%) @entity0 and correctly detected in 33 (97% sensitivity). There were two false positive results (99% specificity). All 23 @entity0 with @entity6 with or without associated @entity9 were correctly detected. One false negative result occurred in a @entity0 with right @entity1 with @entity3 . Diagnosis of the type of @entity5 , including the site and other anatomical details, was analysed and was correct in 24 of 34 (71%) @entity0 . Errors included incorrect prediction of the site of @entity5 in five @entity0 with right @entity8 , @entity2 , and @entity4 , details of confluence interconnection in three of four @entity0 with the mixed type of connection, undiagnosed @entity7 in three of the @entity0 with right @entity8 , and failure to predict common @entity4 in one @entity0 . Factors which were related to incorrect echocardiographic diagnosis were abnormal atrial situs, mixed @entity5 , and associated @entity1 , whereas age, weight, sex, clinical condition, and time during the study were not related. It is concluded that cross sectional echocardiography can be used to diagnose accurately @entity5 . This method can be the definitive imaging and diagnostic method in symptomatic @entity0 with @entity5 who have @entity6 , unifocal pulmonary venous connection, and no evidence of other major @entity1 .

title: Cross sectional echocardiographic diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity5