abstract: 43 cases with @entity3 were observed in over 20 years. The indications for surgery of @entity3 and the different surgical approaches are discussed in detail. The transnasal approach should be performed in emergency situations or as first-aid treatment; the transmaxillary approach cannot be recommended any longer. The transpalatinal approach with the head in inclined position under microsurgical conditions has proved to be the surgical procedure of choice in most situations. 40 @entity0 were operated on during infancy or childhood and followed up subsequently. 5 @entity0 showed bilateral @entity3 ; the other @entity0 had unilateral complete @entity2 . In 9 @entity0 a transnasal approach was performed, in 7 cases there was recurrence of @entity1 ; after transpalatinal re-operations, relapse occurred in one case only. One @entity0 was operated on via the transmaxillary approach. In 30 cases the transpalatinal approach was the method of operation; relapse was seen in 6 cases only and could be revised by transpalatinal approach, excepted for one case. Our own experience and the present results show that the transpalatinal approach is suitable for adults as well as newborn and @entity0 . On account of the better view of the operating area and optimal conditions for reconstruction, the transpalatinal approach is safer and long-term results are good.

title: [Congenital XXXX and surgical correction].

answer: @entity3


abstract: We studied 24 @entity0 with end-stage @entity1 not treated with hemodialysis ( @entity6 ) and 16 @entity0 on regular hemodialysis ( @entity7 ), to investigate the digestive, absorptive and morphological aspects of the small intestinal mucosa. Serum d-xylose test and biochemical parameters of absorption (serum @entity3 and proteins) were determined. Jejunal mucosal biopsies were obtained and tissue homogenates assayed for disaccharidases (sucrase, maltase and @entity2 ) and dipeptidases ( @entity5 -glycinase, leucyl-glycinase and @entity9 ). Histological changes were classified according to the severity of abnormality and compared with biopsies obtained from control subjects. Serum d-xylose test, @entity3 and proteins were normal in @entity0 with @entity4 . Maltase specific activity was higher in @entity6 than in controls (p less than 0.05). @entity2 and @entity9 showed a tendency to decrease in @entity4 , but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Sucrase, @entity5 -glycinase and @entity8 -glycinase specific activity in @entity4 was similar to the control group. Histological changes of the small intestinal mucosa of mild to moderate degree were noted in 68% of @entity0 with @entity4 vs 36% in control subjects (p less than 0.01). No significant difference was noted in the incidence of absorptive, enzymatic (with the exception of maltase) and histological changes between the two groups of @entity0 with @entity4 . These changes are not influenced by hemodialysis, a long-term treatment averaging 6 months, they appear to represent primary manifestations of @entity4 and may be related to the nutritional status of @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Small intestinal function and structure in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We studied 24 @entity0 with end-stage @entity1 not treated with hemodialysis ( @entity6 ) and 16 @entity0 on regular hemodialysis ( @entity7 ), to investigate the digestive, absorptive and morphological aspects of the small intestinal mucosa. Serum d-xylose test and biochemical parameters of absorption (serum @entity3 and proteins) were determined. Jejunal mucosal biopsies were obtained and tissue homogenates assayed for disaccharidases (sucrase, maltase and @entity2 ) and dipeptidases ( @entity5 -glycinase, leucyl-glycinase and @entity9 ). Histological changes were classified according to the severity of abnormality and compared with biopsies obtained from control subjects. Serum d-xylose test, @entity3 and proteins were normal in @entity0 with @entity4 . Maltase specific activity was higher in @entity6 than in controls (p less than 0.05). @entity2 and @entity9 showed a tendency to decrease in @entity4 , but this difference did not reach statistical significance. Sucrase, @entity5 -glycinase and @entity8 -glycinase specific activity in @entity4 was similar to the control group. Histological changes of the small intestinal mucosa of mild to moderate degree were noted in 68% of @entity0 with @entity4 vs 36% in control subjects (p less than 0.01). No significant difference was noted in the incidence of absorptive, enzymatic (with the exception of maltase) and histological changes between the two groups of @entity0 with @entity4 . These changes are not influenced by hemodialysis, a long-term treatment averaging 6 months, they appear to represent primary manifestations of @entity4 and may be related to the nutritional status of @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Small intestinal function and structure in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A radiological follow-up study of @entity0 in the distal ulna was carried out in 58 Danish Landrace breeding sows for a period of 15 months (October 1992 to December 1993). This was part of a major project involving the radiological investigation of articular-epiphyseal and physeal development to investigate @entity0 in @entity1 . The radiological lesions were graded from 1 to 5 with increasing severity. It was observed that not all @entity1 passed through all grades. Only 21% of the @entity1 had no radiological @entity0 (grade 1) during the first radiography series. After 5-7 months, the number of @entity1 without @entity0 were observed to have increased dramatically (21-69%), but the converse was true for grades 2 (mild), 3 (moderate), 4 (severe) and 5 (very severe): (33-17%), (21-9%), (19-5%) and (7-0%) respectively. This was observed with increasing age and weight. The 3rd radiography series indicated that the percentage of @entity1 without @entity0 increased up to 82%, and that grades 2, 3, and 4 had fallen to 14%, 2% and 2% respectively, while grade five remained at 0%. This indicated that the distal ulna @entity0 can be important in breeding @entity1 during the period of growth before first pregnancy. During the first pregnancy the osteochondral ossification fault can be corrected, and the lesions heal. The ulna growth plates were not closed at the second, but mostly closing during the third radiography series.

title: The sequelae of distal ulna physeal dyschondroplasia (osteochondrosis) lesions in breeding XXXX --a radiological investigation in Danish Landrace @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A radiological follow-up study of @entity0 in the distal ulna was carried out in 58 Danish Landrace breeding sows for a period of 15 months (October 1992 to December 1993). This was part of a major project involving the radiological investigation of articular-epiphyseal and physeal development to investigate @entity0 in @entity1 . The radiological lesions were graded from 1 to 5 with increasing severity. It was observed that not all @entity1 passed through all grades. Only 21% of the @entity1 had no radiological @entity0 (grade 1) during the first radiography series. After 5-7 months, the number of @entity1 without @entity0 were observed to have increased dramatically (21-69%), but the converse was true for grades 2 (mild), 3 (moderate), 4 (severe) and 5 (very severe): (33-17%), (21-9%), (19-5%) and (7-0%) respectively. This was observed with increasing age and weight. The 3rd radiography series indicated that the percentage of @entity1 without @entity0 increased up to 82%, and that grades 2, 3, and 4 had fallen to 14%, 2% and 2% respectively, while grade five remained at 0%. This indicated that the distal ulna @entity0 can be important in breeding @entity1 during the period of growth before first pregnancy. During the first pregnancy the osteochondral ossification fault can be corrected, and the lesions heal. The ulna growth plates were not closed at the second, but mostly closing during the third radiography series.

title: The sequelae of distal ulna physeal dyschondroplasia (osteochondrosis) lesions in breeding @entity1 --a radiological investigation in Danish Landrace XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report the cloning and sequence determination of the @entity0 @entity2 gene. This gene is under the genetic control of two trans-acting loci in the @entity0 , termed raf and Rif. These loci determine the adult basal and inducible levels, respectively, of @entity2 mRNA, as well as the mRNA for @entity1 . By elucidating the sequence and structure of the @entity2 gene we show that it is unrelated to the @entity1 gene, and therefore must have acquired its regulation by raf and Rif independently. The sequence also indicates that the @entity2 gene has a very unusual structure. It is composed of five exons, 1307, 135, 119, 127 and 560 bp in size, along with four very small introns whose combined lengths are 270 bases. The largest open reading frame of the gene, sufficient to encode a protein of approximately 14 kd, is contained entirely within the first large exon, 680 bases downstream of the cap site of the mRNA. Preceding the translation initiation codon are four ATG codons, each of which is followed shortly thereafter by translation terminator codons. The rest of the gene, which encompasses all five exons, is presumed to be untranslated. That the long 5' untranslated region may be used to regulate the translation of the mRNA is suggested from in vitro translation studies. Experiments which utilized tissue culture cell lines of the mesodermal lineage suggest that the gene is activated very early during muscle cell differentiation.

title: The structure and expression of a novel gene activated in early XXXX embryogenesis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: To determine the cardiorespiratory response to maximal exercise before, during and after the pubescent growth spurt, thirty @entity0 were tested at yearly intervals over a period of six consecutive years. For each individual, peak height velocity (PHV) was determined. The age at @entity2 (X = 13.6 years) was taken as a standard of maturation. The results from all subjects at 1.5 and 0.5 years before and 0.5 and 1.5 years after PHV are presented. The highest @entity1 uptake (VO2) obtained during an incremental bicycle ergometer test to voluntary exhaustion was taken as peak @entity1 uptake (VO2 peak). Across each of the four years studied, mean VO2 peak (min = 49.6; max = 52.5 ml.kg-1.min-1) and mean heart rate (HR) at VO2 peak (min = 190; max = 192) did not change significantly as a function of PHV. On the other hand, the respiratory quotient at VO2 peak increased considerably from mean minima and maxima of 0.99 and 1.01 before PHV to 1.07 and 1.10 after PHV. Ventilatory equivalent for VO2 (VE/VO2), taken as an indicator of ventilatory economy, seemed to be unaffected by the maturation process. The steepest increase in circumpubertal @entity1 pulse was found one year after PHV. Average stability coefficients (r), calculated from the inter-years correlations were high for height (r = 0.95), weight (r = 0.92), HR at VO2 peak (r = 0.74), VO2 peak in 1/min (r = 0.71), @entity1 pulse (r = 0.68) and tidal volume (r = 0.64).

title: Aerobic power and pubertal peak height velocity in Belgian XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 (NE)-induced increase in @entity0 consumption (VO2) and colonic temperature (Tc) was greater in cold-acclimated @entity1 housed at 4 degrees C for 4 weeks (CA) than warm-acclimated controls housed at 24 degrees C for 4 weeks (WA). On the other hand, shivering activity measured at 4 degrees C was less in CA than in WA, while @entity4 administration eliminated the difference between these two groups by enhancing shivering in CA. Wet weight and protein content of interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) were greater in CA than in WA. Following cold acclimation, CA were deacclimated at 24 degrees C for 5 weeks. During deacclimation, half of this latter group were forced to run (15 m.min-1 for 1 h) every day ( @entity2 ) while the remaining @entity1 remained sedentary (CD-S). Shivering activity assessed at 4 degrees C 4 weeks after commencing cold deacclimation was significantly less in @entity2 than in CD-S and the difference disappeared following @entity4 injection. VO2 and Tc responses to NE injection measured 1, 2 and 5 weeks after commencing cold deacclimation did not differ between CD-S and @entity2 . Although IBAT weight was lighter in @entity2 than in CD-S, its total protein content was not different between the latter two groups of @entity1 . These results suggest that a greater degree of NE-independent nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) is retained in @entity1 that are exercised during the process of deacclimation as compared with animals that are sedentary. This difference in NST would not seem to be directly related to BAT thermogenic capacity.

title: Shivering and nonshivering thermogenesis in exercised cold-deacclimated XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Inhalation of aerosols of the @entity8 / @entity9 polymer (U-5100) evaluated in this study has previously been shown in acute and 2-week studies to produce toxicologic effects on the lungs, with increased lung weights and microscopic findings of congestion and @entity6 of @entity4 and @entity1 of alveolar epithelial cells (D. R. Klonne, D.J. Nachreiner, D. E. Dodd, P. E. Losco, and T.R. Tyler, 1987, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 9, 773-784). In the present studies, F-344 @entity0 were exposed 6 hr/day, 5 day/week for 2 weeks to aerosols at mean concentrations of 0, 0.9, or 5.0 mg/m3 or for 13 weeks to mean concentrations of 0, 0.3, 1.1, or 5.2 mg/m3. Following the 2-week study, minimal multifocal @entity6 and eosinophilic proteinaceous debris in alveoli were observed in the 0.9 mg/m3 group; similar lesions plus @entity1 were found in the 5 mg/m3 group. In the 13-week study, the 5.2 mg/m3 group had a slight decrease in body @entity7 , while increases in absolute and/or relative lung weights occurred for both the 1.1 and 5.2 mg/m3 groups at the end of the exposure regimen and at the end of a 5-week recovery period. Histologic lesions of the lungs occurred in all U-5100-exposed groups and consisted of @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity5 , and multifocal @entity2 . The incidence and severity of the @entity4 were concentration related.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pulmonary fibrosis produced in F-344 @entity0 by subchronic inhalation of aerosols of a 4000 molecular weight @entity8 / XXXX polymer.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Inhalation of aerosols of the @entity8 / @entity9 polymer (U-5100) evaluated in this study has previously been shown in acute and 2-week studies to produce toxicologic effects on the lungs, with increased lung weights and microscopic findings of congestion and @entity6 of @entity4 and @entity1 of alveolar epithelial cells (D. R. Klonne, D.J. Nachreiner, D. E. Dodd, P. E. Losco, and T.R. Tyler, 1987, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 9, 773-784). In the present studies, F-344 @entity0 were exposed 6 hr/day, 5 day/week for 2 weeks to aerosols at mean concentrations of 0, 0.9, or 5.0 mg/m3 or for 13 weeks to mean concentrations of 0, 0.3, 1.1, or 5.2 mg/m3. Following the 2-week study, minimal multifocal @entity6 and eosinophilic proteinaceous debris in alveoli were observed in the 0.9 mg/m3 group; similar lesions plus @entity1 were found in the 5 mg/m3 group. In the 13-week study, the 5.2 mg/m3 group had a slight decrease in body @entity7 , while increases in absolute and/or relative lung weights occurred for both the 1.1 and 5.2 mg/m3 groups at the end of the exposure regimen and at the end of a 5-week recovery period. Histologic lesions of the lungs occurred in all U-5100-exposed groups and consisted of @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity5 , and multifocal @entity2 . The incidence and severity of the @entity4 were concentration related.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pulmonary fibrosis produced in F-344 @entity0 by subchronic inhalation of aerosols of a 4000 molecular weight XXXX / @entity9 polymer.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Inhalation of aerosols of the @entity8 / @entity9 polymer (U-5100) evaluated in this study has previously been shown in acute and 2-week studies to produce toxicologic effects on the lungs, with increased lung weights and microscopic findings of congestion and @entity6 of @entity4 and @entity1 of alveolar epithelial cells (D. R. Klonne, D.J. Nachreiner, D. E. Dodd, P. E. Losco, and T.R. Tyler, 1987, Fundam. Appl. Toxicol. 9, 773-784). In the present studies, F-344 @entity0 were exposed 6 hr/day, 5 day/week for 2 weeks to aerosols at mean concentrations of 0, 0.9, or 5.0 mg/m3 or for 13 weeks to mean concentrations of 0, 0.3, 1.1, or 5.2 mg/m3. Following the 2-week study, minimal multifocal @entity6 and eosinophilic proteinaceous debris in alveoli were observed in the 0.9 mg/m3 group; similar lesions plus @entity1 were found in the 5 mg/m3 group. In the 13-week study, the 5.2 mg/m3 group had a slight decrease in body @entity7 , while increases in absolute and/or relative lung weights occurred for both the 1.1 and 5.2 mg/m3 groups at the end of the exposure regimen and at the end of a 5-week recovery period. Histologic lesions of the lungs occurred in all U-5100-exposed groups and consisted of @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity5 , and multifocal @entity2 . The incidence and severity of the @entity4 were concentration related.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Pulmonary fibrosis produced in F-344 XXXX by subchronic inhalation of aerosols of a 4000 molecular weight @entity8 / @entity9 polymer.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The dose-response relationship of the ionophore tetronasin was defined in growing-finishing @entity1 (84 heifers and 84 steers). @entity1 were allotted by sex and weight replication (light and heavy) to 24 pens. Six dosages (D) of @entity2 (0, 3.7, 7.3, 11.0, 14.7 and 18.3 mg/kg, @entity0 [ @entity0 ] basis) were fed. Diets containing 40, 25 and 10% roughage were fed for 84, 56 and either 56 (heavy replication) or 91 d (light replication), respectively. Average starting weights were 242 and 270 kg and ending weights were 433 and 480 kg for heifers and steers, respectively. No interactions existed for ionophore with sex (P greater than .2) over the trial. Ionophore treatment did not affect overall average daily gain (.94 kg/d; P greater than .2). Daily @entity0 intake (kg/d) decreased linearly as the level of tetronasin increased (8.4-.042D (dosage), r2 = .83, P less than .001). Gain efficiency (gain/feed, kg/100 kg @entity0 ) increased curvilinearly as ionophore dosage increased (11 + .16D - .0058D2, r2 = .77, P less than .001). Solving the first derivative indicated an optimum dose for gain efficiency improvement of 13.8 mg/kg. The gain efficiency response was greatest the first 84 d, less the next 56 d and minimal the last 56 or 91 d (20, 7 and 2% improvement for D = 14.7 mg/kg, respectively). Tetronasin was found to improve gain efficiency by about 10% over control at an optimum dosage of 13.8 mg/kg.

title: Dose-response relationship of the ionophore tetronasin in growing-finishing XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Nineteen @entity1 after total hip arthroplasty were treated with prolonged suppressive antibiotics without removing the components. In 11, antibiotic therapy was monitored with serum bactericidal titers. Eleven had incision and drainage. Indications included @entity0 ' refusal of removal or medical contraindications to surgery. Requirements included well-fixed components, highly sensitive organisms, and no systemic @entity2 . The follow-up period averaged 4.1 years after treatment. Nine hips showed no deterioration. Seven prostheses failed, five with progressive @entity3 . Three @entity0 had increasing symptoms without prosthesis removal. Although two-stage reimplantation is preferred, suppressive antibiotics and prosthesis retention can succeed in some @entity0 and may be considered in old, frail @entity0 with an @entity1 caused by bacteria responsive to oral antibiotic therapy. Suppressive therapy may also be considered for an otherwise compliant @entity0 who refuses removal of an infected prosthesis. The organism must be sensitive to oral antibiotics, and the @entity0 must be tolerant of the antibiotics.

title: Prolonged suppression of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Finnish Landrace x Southdown ewes were ovariectomized (OVX) and subjected to daily photoperiods of 16L:8D (Group I) or 8L:16D (Group II) for 84 days. Ewes were then either adrenalectomized (ADX) (N = 5 for Group I; N = 4 for Group II) or sham ADX (N = 6 for Groups I + II). After surgery, ewes in Group I were subjected to 8L:16D for 91 days and 16L:8D for 91 days whereas ewes in Group II were exposed to 16L:8D for 91 days and 8L:16D for 91 days. @entity0 implants were inserted into all ewes on Day 148. Sequential blood samples were taken at 28, 56, 91, 119, 147 and 168 days after surgery to determine secretory profiles of LH and @entity1 . Photoperiod did not influence LH release in Group I in the absence of @entity0 . Although photoperiod influenced frequency and amplitude of LH pulses in Group II before @entity0 treatment, adrenalectomy did not prevent these changes in patterns of LH release. However, in Group II the increase in LH pulse amplitude during exposure to long days was greater (P less than 0.01) in adrenalectomized ewes than in sham-operated ewes. Mean concentrations of LH increased in ADX ewes on Days 91 (P = 0.07) and 119 (P less than 0.05). Adrenalectomy failed to influence photoperiod-induced changes in mean concentrations of LH, amplitude of LH pulses and frequency of LH pulses in the presence of @entity0 . Concentrations of @entity1 were influenced by photoperiod. In Groups I and II concentrations of @entity1 increased (P less than 0.01) after adrenalectomy, but the magnitude of this effect decreased over time.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Effects of adrenalectomy on photoperiod-induced changes in release of luteinizing hormone and XXXX in ovariectomized ewes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether initiating @entity4 with predictive dosing compared with empiric dosing improves outcome in @entity0 with @entity2 . DESIGN: The study was a randomized, single-blind design and used the Modified Slattery predictive method. SETTING AND @entity0 : Eighteen inpatients at an urban @entity1 hospital with a @entity2 ( @entity2 ) score greater than or equal to 24 were enrolled. OUTCOME MEASURES: The study endpoint was defined as an @entity2 rating less than or equal to 14 or discharge from the hospital. Assessments ( @entity2 , Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression, Systematic Assessment for Treatment of Emergent Events Scale, quality of life measures) were completed at baseline, on days 3 or 4 and 7 or 8, and weekly thereafter. RESULTS: The predictive group achieved a therapeutic concentration significantly sooner than did the empiric group (p = 0.004); however, the mean serum @entity4 concentration at discharge did not differ between the groups. The predictive group was taking significantly higher dosages of antipsychotics in @entity5 equivalents on day 3 or 4 (p = 0.05). Significantly fewer @entity3 genitourinary adverse effects on day 3 or 4 were reported by @entity0 in the predictive group (p = 0.04). No difference was found between groups with any rating scale or other pharmacokinetic or medication item. Even though the difference did not meet statistical significance, the predictive group's length of stay in the acute unit was three days shorter than that of the empiric group, which may represent significant cost savings. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary data do not suggest that @entity0 outcome is improved by using Modified Slattery predictive dosing; however, the suggestion of a shorter length of stay in a restrictive unit merits further evaluation.

title: Preliminary comparison of predictive and empiric XXXX dosing: impact on @entity0 outcome.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether initiating @entity4 with predictive dosing compared with empiric dosing improves outcome in @entity0 with @entity2 . DESIGN: The study was a randomized, single-blind design and used the Modified Slattery predictive method. SETTING AND @entity0 : Eighteen inpatients at an urban @entity1 hospital with a @entity2 ( @entity2 ) score greater than or equal to 24 were enrolled. OUTCOME MEASURES: The study endpoint was defined as an @entity2 rating less than or equal to 14 or discharge from the hospital. Assessments ( @entity2 , Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Clinical Global Impression, Systematic Assessment for Treatment of Emergent Events Scale, quality of life measures) were completed at baseline, on days 3 or 4 and 7 or 8, and weekly thereafter. RESULTS: The predictive group achieved a therapeutic concentration significantly sooner than did the empiric group (p = 0.004); however, the mean serum @entity4 concentration at discharge did not differ between the groups. The predictive group was taking significantly higher dosages of antipsychotics in @entity5 equivalents on day 3 or 4 (p = 0.05). Significantly fewer @entity3 genitourinary adverse effects on day 3 or 4 were reported by @entity0 in the predictive group (p = 0.04). No difference was found between groups with any rating scale or other pharmacokinetic or medication item. Even though the difference did not meet statistical significance, the predictive group's length of stay in the acute unit was three days shorter than that of the empiric group, which may represent significant cost savings. CONCLUSIONS: The preliminary data do not suggest that @entity0 outcome is improved by using Modified Slattery predictive dosing; however, the suggestion of a shorter length of stay in a restrictive unit merits further evaluation.

title: Preliminary comparison of predictive and empiric @entity4 dosing: impact on XXXX outcome.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To examine the methods and results of treatment in @entity0 with an @entity6 ( @entity6 ) at a single institution where an absorbable mesh closure (AMC) is most commonly used. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in @entity6 @entity0 from January 2001 to June 2007. Outcomes were analyzed in terms of enteroatmospheric @entity3 (EAF) formation and survival. RESULTS: There were 73 @entity6 @entity0 receiving definitive closures (40 @entity1 and 33 nontrauma). Twenty-four @entity0 were able to undergo a delayed primary @entity5 (DPFC) after initial vacuum pack closure (DPFC rate 33%). The DPFC rate was significantly lower in @entity0 with an associated @entity2 or contamination (9% vs 44%, P = 0.002). The EAF and mortality rates of the DPFC group were 0% and 13%, respectively. Absorbable mesh closure was used in 41 of 49 @entity0 who failed DPFC (84%). There were 9 @entity0 who had EAF (overall EAF rate 12%), 6 of whom were in the AMC group (EAF rate 15%). The overall and AMC group mortality rates were 29% and 37%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Absorbable mesh closure carries high EAF and mortality rates. Therefore, DPFC should be considered as the primary closure method. Absorbable mesh closure should be reserved for @entity0 who fail DPFC, especially those with @entity4 or contamination.

title: Management of XXXX with an absorbable mesh closure.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of measuring preoperative @entity2 extent using automated breast ultrasonography (US). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study consisted of 40 @entity1 with histopathologically confirmed @entity0 . All of the @entity1 underwent automated breast US (ABVS; Siemens Medical Solutions, Mountain View, CA, USA) on the day before the surgery. The sizes of the lesions on US were measured on coronal multiplanar reconstruction images using the ABVS workstation. Histopathological measurement of @entity2 size included not only the invasive foci but also any in situ component and was used as the gold standard. The discrepancy of the @entity2 extent between automated breast US and the histological examination was calculated. RESULTS: Automated breast US enabled visualization of the @entity0 in all @entity1 . The mean size of the lesions on US was 12 mm (range 4-62 mm). The histopathological diagnosis was @entity3 in situ (DCIS) in seven @entity1 and @entity3 in 33 @entity1 (18 without an intraductal component, 15 with an intraductal component). Lesions ranged in diameter from 4 to 65 mm (mean 16 mm). The accuracy of determination of the @entity2 extent with a deviation in length of <2 cm was 98% (39/40). CONCLUSION: Automated breast US is thought to be useful for evaluating @entity2 extent preoperatively.

title: Accuracy of determining preoperative XXXX extent measured by automated breast ultrasonography.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 is a late complication of @entity5 in @entity4 . The objective of this study is to describe and analyze the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of this complication in Morocco. A retrospective study was conducted from January 2000 to December 2009 at the National Center of @entity4 . All our @entity0 had a histological confirmation. Ten @entity0 were included in this study. There were seven @entity0 and three @entity0 , with a mean age of 58.8 years. Six @entity0 had a multibacillary form of @entity4 and four had a paucibacillary form. The average duration of @entity5 was 34.4 years. Clinical appearance at diagnosis was an @entity1 . Treatment was by radical amputation. Evolution was marked by metastatic spread in six @entity0 . One @entity0 died of disseminated disease. In Morocco, @entity4 has been on the decline since 1990, but the occurrence of late complications in the @entity4 @entity0 as @entity2 persists. Prevention of these complications should be part of the national fight against @entity4 .

title: [ XXXX in @entity4 : experience of National @entity4 Center in Casablanca].

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity3 is a late complication of @entity5 in @entity4 . The objective of this study is to describe and analyze the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of this complication in Morocco. A retrospective study was conducted from January 2000 to December 2009 at the National Center of @entity4 . All our @entity0 had a histological confirmation. Ten @entity0 were included in this study. There were seven @entity0 and three @entity0 , with a mean age of 58.8 years. Six @entity0 had a multibacillary form of @entity4 and four had a paucibacillary form. The average duration of @entity5 was 34.4 years. Clinical appearance at diagnosis was an @entity1 . Treatment was by radical amputation. Evolution was marked by metastatic spread in six @entity0 . One @entity0 died of disseminated disease. In Morocco, @entity4 has been on the decline since 1990, but the occurrence of late complications in the @entity4 @entity0 as @entity2 persists. Prevention of these complications should be part of the national fight against @entity4 .

title: [ @entity5 in XXXX : experience of National @entity4 Center in Casablanca].

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 is a late complication of @entity5 in @entity4 . The objective of this study is to describe and analyze the epidemiological, clinical, and therapeutic aspects of this complication in Morocco. A retrospective study was conducted from January 2000 to December 2009 at the National Center of @entity4 . All our @entity0 had a histological confirmation. Ten @entity0 were included in this study. There were seven @entity0 and three @entity0 , with a mean age of 58.8 years. Six @entity0 had a multibacillary form of @entity4 and four had a paucibacillary form. The average duration of @entity5 was 34.4 years. Clinical appearance at diagnosis was an @entity1 . Treatment was by radical amputation. Evolution was marked by metastatic spread in six @entity0 . One @entity0 died of disseminated disease. In Morocco, @entity4 has been on the decline since 1990, but the occurrence of late complications in the @entity4 @entity0 as @entity2 persists. Prevention of these complications should be part of the national fight against @entity4 .

title: [ @entity5 in @entity4 : experience of National XXXX Center in Casablanca].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Forty-two @entity0 with @entity4 were operated upon by the middle fossa transpetrosal-transtentorial approaches since 1977. Half of those showed @entity2 extension into the middle fossa and one-third in the cavernous sinus. Seventeen (40%) had a large @entity2 of 40 mm in diameter or larger, and 8 of those had a broad attachment from the clivus to petrous pyramid of the temporal bone. The site of pyramid resection was selected from three types, depending on the @entity2 location and the @entity0 ' pre-operative hearing. There was no surgical mortality. Significant risk of lower @entity3 was minimal and useful hearing was preserved in 18 out of 21 @entity0 . The follow-up, an average of 4 and a half years, showed @entity2 were completely eradicated in 32 @entity0 (76%) and there was regrowth in 3 (7%). Thirty-four @entity0 (81%) were independent, 3 disabled and only one died of rapid @entity2 regrowth. The most influential factor on surgical results was the extent to which the @entity2 had invaded the brain stem. The presence or absence of arterial encasement and of peritumoural @entity1 on MRI were important in the selection for radical surgery.

title: Middle fossa transpetrosal-transtentorial approaches for XXXX . Selective pyramid resection and radicality.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Reports of @entity3 ( @entity3 )-associated @entity2 are being cited in the medical literature with increasing frequency. Our aim was to identify subgroups of @entity0 with risk factors that may account for this. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 16 @entity0 with the simultaneous diagnosis of @entity3 and @entity2 and, in addition, reviewed previously reported cases of @entity3 -associated @entity2 . RESULTS: Eight male and eight female @entity0 presented with 18 @entity5 : four right colon, four transverse, two descending colon, and eight rectal lesions. Median age at presentation was 48 yr. The mean duration of @entity3 before presentation of @entity5 was 19.7 yr. Two lesions were discovered in strictured bowel segments. Two @entity0 had @entity1 . One had simultaneous cecal and left @entity8 . The other underwent resection of a right @entity11 and 5 yr later presented with transverse @entity8 . Eight @entity0 had @entity1 ; all were diagnosed preoperatively. Six of these @entity0 had a history of severe perianal @entity3 . Six had undergone multiple incision and drainage procedures for perirectal abscesses and @entity6 . Two developed @entity1 in defunctionalized rectal stumps. One of these @entity0 presented with simultaneous @entity10 and @entity12 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 in association with @entity3 has been reported. Symptoms of @entity4 may obscure clinical manifestations of @entity1 and thereby delay diagnosis. @entity3 @entity0 with long-standing anorectal or perianal disease and @entity9 may well warrant surveillance endoscopy and biopsy of involved areas with the hope of earlier detection and treatment of these @entity1 .

title: XXXX and @entity2 : @entity1 complicating longstanding active perianal disease.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Reports of @entity3 ( @entity3 )-associated @entity2 are being cited in the medical literature with increasing frequency. Our aim was to identify subgroups of @entity0 with risk factors that may account for this. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 16 @entity0 with the simultaneous diagnosis of @entity3 and @entity2 and, in addition, reviewed previously reported cases of @entity3 -associated @entity2 . RESULTS: Eight male and eight female @entity0 presented with 18 @entity5 : four right colon, four transverse, two descending colon, and eight rectal lesions. Median age at presentation was 48 yr. The mean duration of @entity3 before presentation of @entity5 was 19.7 yr. Two lesions were discovered in strictured bowel segments. Two @entity0 had @entity1 . One had simultaneous cecal and left @entity8 . The other underwent resection of a right @entity11 and 5 yr later presented with transverse @entity8 . Eight @entity0 had @entity1 ; all were diagnosed preoperatively. Six of these @entity0 had a history of severe perianal @entity3 . Six had undergone multiple incision and drainage procedures for perirectal abscesses and @entity6 . Two developed @entity1 in defunctionalized rectal stumps. One of these @entity0 presented with simultaneous @entity10 and @entity12 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 in association with @entity3 has been reported. Symptoms of @entity4 may obscure clinical manifestations of @entity1 and thereby delay diagnosis. @entity3 @entity0 with long-standing anorectal or perianal disease and @entity9 may well warrant surveillance endoscopy and biopsy of involved areas with the hope of earlier detection and treatment of these @entity1 .

title: @entity3 and XXXX : @entity1 complicating longstanding active perianal disease.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Reports of @entity3 ( @entity3 )-associated @entity2 are being cited in the medical literature with increasing frequency. Our aim was to identify subgroups of @entity0 with risk factors that may account for this. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of 16 @entity0 with the simultaneous diagnosis of @entity3 and @entity2 and, in addition, reviewed previously reported cases of @entity3 -associated @entity2 . RESULTS: Eight male and eight female @entity0 presented with 18 @entity5 : four right colon, four transverse, two descending colon, and eight rectal lesions. Median age at presentation was 48 yr. The mean duration of @entity3 before presentation of @entity5 was 19.7 yr. Two lesions were discovered in strictured bowel segments. Two @entity0 had @entity1 . One had simultaneous cecal and left @entity8 . The other underwent resection of a right @entity11 and 5 yr later presented with transverse @entity8 . Eight @entity0 had @entity1 ; all were diagnosed preoperatively. Six of these @entity0 had a history of severe perianal @entity3 . Six had undergone multiple incision and drainage procedures for perirectal abscesses and @entity6 . Two developed @entity1 in defunctionalized rectal stumps. One of these @entity0 presented with simultaneous @entity10 and @entity12 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 in association with @entity3 has been reported. Symptoms of @entity4 may obscure clinical manifestations of @entity1 and thereby delay diagnosis. @entity3 @entity0 with long-standing anorectal or perianal disease and @entity9 may well warrant surveillance endoscopy and biopsy of involved areas with the hope of earlier detection and treatment of these @entity1 .

title: @entity3 and @entity2 : XXXX complicating longstanding active perianal disease.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is a paucity of studies assessing the influence of @entity3 after @entity1 surgery on pelvic organ function and quality of life. METHODS: Between 1995 and 2006, 500 @entity0 underwent rectal resection for @entity1 at a single institution. Thirty-six @entity0 (7.2%) developed an @entity3 postoperatively. Fifteen of these @entity0 (41.6%) died during the follow-up period. A self-administering questionnaire including the International Index of Erectile Function, Female Sexual Function Index, Short Form-12 Health Survey, International Prostatic Symptom Score, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form, Vaizey Incontinence Score and Wexner Constipation Score was sent to all 21 alive @entity0 . @entity0 with @entity1 resection without leakage served as controls for each case and were matched by sex, age (  5 years), type of resection, and neoadjuvant therapy (yes/no). RESULTS: Sixteen @entity0 (76.2%) were available and were included in the analysis. The median follow-up time was 106.8 months (32.4-170.4). @entity5 , @entity4 , and sexual function did not differ significantly between @entity0 and controls (p = 0.1973, 0.1189, 0.8519, respectively). By contrast, urinary continence was impaired significantly in the leakage group (p = 0.0430) but not in control @entity0 . The Quality of Life assessing Short Form-12 Health Survey reached no significant difference between both groups (p = 1.0000 and 0.1973). CONCLUSION: @entity3 following anterior resection negatively aggravates urinary function but not fecal @entity2 , @entity4 or sexual functions. The data indicate that @entity0 experiencing @entity3 can be relieved from the fear of gross pelvic floor function disturbances.

title: Pelvic organ function and quality of life after XXXX following @entity1 surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: There is a paucity of studies assessing the influence of @entity3 after @entity1 surgery on pelvic organ function and quality of life. METHODS: Between 1995 and 2006, 500 @entity0 underwent rectal resection for @entity1 at a single institution. Thirty-six @entity0 (7.2%) developed an @entity3 postoperatively. Fifteen of these @entity0 (41.6%) died during the follow-up period. A self-administering questionnaire including the International Index of Erectile Function, Female Sexual Function Index, Short Form-12 Health Survey, International Prostatic Symptom Score, International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Short Form, Vaizey Incontinence Score and Wexner Constipation Score was sent to all 21 alive @entity0 . @entity0 with @entity1 resection without leakage served as controls for each case and were matched by sex, age (  5 years), type of resection, and neoadjuvant therapy (yes/no). RESULTS: Sixteen @entity0 (76.2%) were available and were included in the analysis. The median follow-up time was 106.8 months (32.4-170.4). @entity5 , @entity4 , and sexual function did not differ significantly between @entity0 and controls (p = 0.1973, 0.1189, 0.8519, respectively). By contrast, urinary continence was impaired significantly in the leakage group (p = 0.0430) but not in control @entity0 . The Quality of Life assessing Short Form-12 Health Survey reached no significant difference between both groups (p = 1.0000 and 0.1973). CONCLUSION: @entity3 following anterior resection negatively aggravates urinary function but not fecal @entity2 , @entity4 or sexual functions. The data indicate that @entity0 experiencing @entity3 can be relieved from the fear of gross pelvic floor function disturbances.

title: Pelvic organ function and quality of life after @entity3 following XXXX surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to describe subsequent pregnancy outcome and long-term maternal prognosis in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity5 , elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) during the index pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: This is a descriptive and analytic study of @entity0 with @entity4 admitted to E.H. Crump @entity0 's Hospital between August 1977 and July 1992. @entity4 was defined by previously published laboratory criteria. Only @entity0 who were delivered > 2 years ago were included (median 4 years, range 2 to 14 years). Data on these @entity0 were obtained from our obstetric clinics, local physicians, local health departments, and hospital records. RESULTS: Adequate follow-up data were available on 341 @entity0 . One hundred fifty-two @entity0 subsequently became pregnant. One hundred thirty-nine normotensive @entity0 had 192 subsequent pregnancies. Complications included @entity3 (19%), @entity6 (21%), intrauterine growth restriction (12%), abruptio placentae (2%), perinatal @entity2 (4%), and @entity4 (3%). Seven of the 113 @entity0 with at least 5 years' follow-up (6.2%) had chronic @entity1 , and 98 received oral contraceptive pills without complications. Thirteen @entity0 with preexisting chronic @entity1 had 20 subsequent pregnancies. These @entity0 had a higher rate of @entity3 (75%), @entity6 (80%), intrauterine growth restriction (45%), abruptio placentae (20%), and perinatal @entity2 (40%) but a low rate of recurrent @entity4 (5%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity4 have an increased risk of obstetric complications in future pregnancies but a low risk for recurrent @entity4 . Oral contraceptive pills should not be contraindicated in normotensive @entity0 .

title: Pregnancies complicated by @entity4 ( XXXX , elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets): subsequent pregnancy outcome and long-term prognosis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to describe subsequent pregnancy outcome and long-term maternal prognosis in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity5 , elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) during the index pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: This is a descriptive and analytic study of @entity0 with @entity4 admitted to E.H. Crump @entity0 's Hospital between August 1977 and July 1992. @entity4 was defined by previously published laboratory criteria. Only @entity0 who were delivered > 2 years ago were included (median 4 years, range 2 to 14 years). Data on these @entity0 were obtained from our obstetric clinics, local physicians, local health departments, and hospital records. RESULTS: Adequate follow-up data were available on 341 @entity0 . One hundred fifty-two @entity0 subsequently became pregnant. One hundred thirty-nine normotensive @entity0 had 192 subsequent pregnancies. Complications included @entity3 (19%), @entity6 (21%), intrauterine growth restriction (12%), abruptio placentae (2%), perinatal @entity2 (4%), and @entity4 (3%). Seven of the 113 @entity0 with at least 5 years' follow-up (6.2%) had chronic @entity1 , and 98 received oral contraceptive pills without complications. Thirteen @entity0 with preexisting chronic @entity1 had 20 subsequent pregnancies. These @entity0 had a higher rate of @entity3 (75%), @entity6 (80%), intrauterine growth restriction (45%), abruptio placentae (20%), and perinatal @entity2 (40%) but a low rate of recurrent @entity4 (5%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity4 have an increased risk of obstetric complications in future pregnancies but a low risk for recurrent @entity4 . Oral contraceptive pills should not be contraindicated in normotensive @entity0 .

title: Pregnancies complicated by XXXX ( @entity5 , elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets): subsequent pregnancy outcome and long-term prognosis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of a single daily dose of intravenous @entity1 with that of multiple-dose @entity3 in the treatment of acute @entity2 in pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: This was a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial. @entity0 admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of acute @entity2 in pregnancy were enrolled and randomized according to a computer-generated randomization schedule. The study group received a single daily 1 gm dose of @entity1 intravenously along with two additional doses of normal saline solution. The comparison group received three daily 2 gm doses of @entity3 intravenously. All infusions were given on an 8-hour schedule. Treatments were continued until the @entity0 became afebrile. Each @entity0 was discharged from the hospital on a regimen of appropriate oral antibiotics as directed by urine culture and sensitivities. At follow-up visits test-of-cure cultures were obtained. RESULTS: During the 2-year study period, 178 @entity0 were randomized: 88 received @entity3 and 90 @entity1 . @entity0 demographics and presenting signs and symptoms were similar in both groups. No differences were noted between the groups regarding days of febrile morbidity, length of hospital stay, or treatment failures. CONCLUSIONS: Daily single-dose intravenous @entity1 is as effective as multiple-dose @entity3 in the treatment of @entity0 with acute @entity2 during pregnancy.

title: @entity2 in pregnancy: once-a-day @entity1 versus multiple doses of XXXX . A randomized, double-blind trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of a single daily dose of intravenous @entity1 with that of multiple-dose @entity3 in the treatment of acute @entity2 in pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: This was a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial. @entity0 admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of acute @entity2 in pregnancy were enrolled and randomized according to a computer-generated randomization schedule. The study group received a single daily 1 gm dose of @entity1 intravenously along with two additional doses of normal saline solution. The comparison group received three daily 2 gm doses of @entity3 intravenously. All infusions were given on an 8-hour schedule. Treatments were continued until the @entity0 became afebrile. Each @entity0 was discharged from the hospital on a regimen of appropriate oral antibiotics as directed by urine culture and sensitivities. At follow-up visits test-of-cure cultures were obtained. RESULTS: During the 2-year study period, 178 @entity0 were randomized: 88 received @entity3 and 90 @entity1 . @entity0 demographics and presenting signs and symptoms were similar in both groups. No differences were noted between the groups regarding days of febrile morbidity, length of hospital stay, or treatment failures. CONCLUSIONS: Daily single-dose intravenous @entity1 is as effective as multiple-dose @entity3 in the treatment of @entity0 with acute @entity2 during pregnancy.

title: @entity2 in pregnancy: once-a-day XXXX versus multiple doses of @entity3 . A randomized, double-blind trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of a single daily dose of intravenous @entity1 with that of multiple-dose @entity3 in the treatment of acute @entity2 in pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: This was a double-blind, randomized, clinical trial. @entity0 admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of acute @entity2 in pregnancy were enrolled and randomized according to a computer-generated randomization schedule. The study group received a single daily 1 gm dose of @entity1 intravenously along with two additional doses of normal saline solution. The comparison group received three daily 2 gm doses of @entity3 intravenously. All infusions were given on an 8-hour schedule. Treatments were continued until the @entity0 became afebrile. Each @entity0 was discharged from the hospital on a regimen of appropriate oral antibiotics as directed by urine culture and sensitivities. At follow-up visits test-of-cure cultures were obtained. RESULTS: During the 2-year study period, 178 @entity0 were randomized: 88 received @entity3 and 90 @entity1 . @entity0 demographics and presenting signs and symptoms were similar in both groups. No differences were noted between the groups regarding days of febrile morbidity, length of hospital stay, or treatment failures. CONCLUSIONS: Daily single-dose intravenous @entity1 is as effective as multiple-dose @entity3 in the treatment of @entity0 with acute @entity2 during pregnancy.

title: XXXX in pregnancy: once-a-day @entity1 versus multiple doses of @entity3 . A randomized, double-blind trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Electrophysiologic study of a 55-year-old @entity0 with @entity7 associated with @entity2 is reported. The @entity0 had a history of recurrent attacks of @entity1 and his electrocardiogram showed a short P-R interval (0.10 sec) with narrow QRS complex and @entity5 with @entity4 waves. His cineangiogram showed severe apical @entity3 . An electrophysiologic study was performed. The results of programmed atrial pacing show the existence of the dual A-V nodal pathways. The A-H interval at rapid atrial pacing increased maximally by 103 msec. Atrial stimulation could depolarize parts of the atrium without altering the @entity6 . These findings suggested that preferential rapidly conducting A-V nodal and intranodal reentry are the responsible mechanisms in this reciprocating @entity1 . We conclude that the short P-R interval was due to intranodal reentry through the dual A-V nodal pathways. To our knowledge, a case of @entity7 with @entity2 has not been previously described in the literature.

title: @entity6 in a @entity0 with @entity7 associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Electrophysiologic study of a 55-year-old @entity0 with @entity7 associated with @entity2 is reported. The @entity0 had a history of recurrent attacks of @entity1 and his electrocardiogram showed a short P-R interval (0.10 sec) with narrow QRS complex and @entity5 with @entity4 waves. His cineangiogram showed severe apical @entity3 . An electrophysiologic study was performed. The results of programmed atrial pacing show the existence of the dual A-V nodal pathways. The A-H interval at rapid atrial pacing increased maximally by 103 msec. Atrial stimulation could depolarize parts of the atrium without altering the @entity6 . These findings suggested that preferential rapidly conducting A-V nodal and intranodal reentry are the responsible mechanisms in this reciprocating @entity1 . We conclude that the short P-R interval was due to intranodal reentry through the dual A-V nodal pathways. To our knowledge, a case of @entity7 with @entity2 has not been previously described in the literature.

title: XXXX in a @entity0 with @entity7 associated with @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Electrophysiologic study of a 55-year-old @entity0 with @entity7 associated with @entity2 is reported. The @entity0 had a history of recurrent attacks of @entity1 and his electrocardiogram showed a short P-R interval (0.10 sec) with narrow QRS complex and @entity5 with @entity4 waves. His cineangiogram showed severe apical @entity3 . An electrophysiologic study was performed. The results of programmed atrial pacing show the existence of the dual A-V nodal pathways. The A-H interval at rapid atrial pacing increased maximally by 103 msec. Atrial stimulation could depolarize parts of the atrium without altering the @entity6 . These findings suggested that preferential rapidly conducting A-V nodal and intranodal reentry are the responsible mechanisms in this reciprocating @entity1 . We conclude that the short P-R interval was due to intranodal reentry through the dual A-V nodal pathways. To our knowledge, a case of @entity7 with @entity2 has not been previously described in the literature.

title: @entity6 in a @entity0 with XXXX associated with @entity2 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Electrophysiologic study of a 55-year-old @entity0 with @entity7 associated with @entity2 is reported. The @entity0 had a history of recurrent attacks of @entity1 and his electrocardiogram showed a short P-R interval (0.10 sec) with narrow QRS complex and @entity5 with @entity4 waves. His cineangiogram showed severe apical @entity3 . An electrophysiologic study was performed. The results of programmed atrial pacing show the existence of the dual A-V nodal pathways. The A-H interval at rapid atrial pacing increased maximally by 103 msec. Atrial stimulation could depolarize parts of the atrium without altering the @entity6 . These findings suggested that preferential rapidly conducting A-V nodal and intranodal reentry are the responsible mechanisms in this reciprocating @entity1 . We conclude that the short P-R interval was due to intranodal reentry through the dual A-V nodal pathways. To our knowledge, a case of @entity7 with @entity2 has not been previously described in the literature.

title: @entity6 in a XXXX with @entity7 associated with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is of great clinical significance in various liver-associated diseases. @entity1 proceeds along a sequence of three distinct phases: priming/initiation, proliferation, and termination. Compared with the recognition of the first two phases, little is known about @entity1 termination and structure/function reorganization. A combination of "omics" techniques, along with bioinformatics, may provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of the late-phase @entity1 . Gene, protein, and metabolite profiles of the @entity0 liver were determined by cDNA microarray, two-dimensional electrophoresis, and HPLC-MS analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis was performed to identify the pathways: 427 differentially expressed genes extracted from the microarray experiment revealed two expression patterns representing the early and late phase of @entity1 . Functionally, the genes expressing at a higher level at the early phase than at the late phase were mainly involved in the response to stress, proliferation, and resistance to apoptosis, while those expressing at a lower level at the early phase than at the late phase were mainly engaged in lipid metabolism. Compared with the sham-operation control (SH) group, 5 proteins in the 70% partial hepatectomy (70%PHx) group were upregulated at the protein level, and 3 proteins were downregulated at 168 h after the 70%PHx. @entity4 , an upregulated @entity2 binding protein, was found to be involved in the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) signaling pathway. The metabolomic data confirmed the enhancement of lipid metabolism by the detection of the intermediate and final metabolites. We've concluded that increased lipid metabolism and activated @entity3 signaling pathways play important roles in late-phase @entity1 .

title: Lipid metabolism and XXXX signaling pathways participate in late-phase liver regeneration.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A French cooperative study of 155 pregnancies in 103 @entity0 with @entity3 (95 mechanical, 60 bioprostheses including 27 bivalvular prostheses) is reported. Therefore, a total of 182 prostheses (108 mechanical and 74 bioprostheses) were exposed to the risk of pregnancy. The maternal outcome in the group of 108 mechanical prostheses was complicated by 16 @entity6 ( @entity6 ) including 10 prosthetic valve @entity4 which required emergency valve replacement in 4 cases, 6 systemic @entity6 in 13 mitral, 2 aortic and 1 pulmonary mechanical prostheses. The @entity6 were four times more frequent in @entity0 on heparin than in those on oral anticoagulants. There were 4 deaths, 3 among the 10 prosthetic valve @entity4 (one reoperation, two @entity5 ). Seven of the 74 bioprostheses were reoperated for degeneration on average 5.9 years after the initial operation but there were no deaths or @entity6 . The outcome of pregnancy was 99 @entity0 (63%), 49 of which were born to mothers with mechanical prostheses (53%) and 50 to mothers with bioprostheses (80%) (p < 0.001). Seven of the @entity0 were born prematurely, all mothers being on anticoagulant therapy. The birth weight was over 400 grams heavier (3 kg versus 2.6 kg) in the bioprosthesis group (p < 0.05). The 20 spontaneous @entity8 (13%) were more common in patients on anticoagulants (17%) than in those without (2%) (p < 0.02). @entity1 due to oral anticoagulants were rare (one certain case). There was one case of @entity7 , an abnormality which has never been described in this context. The 36 remaining pregnancies were still deaths (N = 5), abortion due to maternal @entity2 (N = 4), maternal complications (N = 8), therapeutic (N = 9) or @entity8 (N = 10) (28 mechanical and 8 bioprostheses).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Pregnancy in XXXX with heart valve prosthesis. A French retrospective cooperative study (155 cases)].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 is characterized by the formation of large fluid-filled epithelial cysts. To obtain renal cyst wall epithelium for in vitro study, we employed an explant culture technique using medium-hydrated collagen gel as the culture substrate. Pieces of excised cyst wall were submerged within collagen gel. Cells of the cyst lining migrated to form a polarized epithelium at the surface of the surrounding collagen gel. Regions of the outgrowth were isolated by microdissection and used as a source of cells for subculture. Cyst-derived epithelium retained the ultrastructural features of the renal cyst of origin. The cells were cuboidal and bore short apical microvilli. Cells often were joined by apical tight junctions. Intercellular channels were narrow and bordered by short microvillus projections at the basolateral membrane. Epithelial cells rested on a densely staining basal lamina. The explants commonly developed small solitary cysts within their wall that were filled with fluid. These @entity2 were lined by a simple epithelium morphologically similar to the cells that lined the explant. Explantation of @entity0 renal cyst wall to culture within collagen gel provides a reproducible method to isolate @entity1 epithelium for subculture. This method offers an alternative to the use of proteolytic enzymes to establish morphologically stable cultures of cyst lining cells for use in experimental @entity1 .

title: Explant culture of XXXX polycystic kidney.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purpose of present study is to establish a method that should enable us to keep a @entity0 gall-bladder epithelial tissue alive for a period long enough to observe morphological change after an exposure to a certain carcinogenic agents. @entity0 @entity2 obtained from surgically resected specimen were kept as an explant organ culture in vitro for the first 2 weeks. They were, then, xenotransplanted to the subcutaneous (S.C.) space of the athymic @entity1 . The gall-bladder tissues obtained from 7 cases of @entity3 and 1 case of cholecysto-choledocholithiasis were used as materials in the present study. And the longest survivor among them in the @entity1 was extensively studied in the present paper. After an interval of 4 to 27 weeks, the xenografts were recovered from the recipient @entity1 and studied by light microscopy and histochemistry. The morphological changes of the explant epithelia during the organ culture were also studied. Parts of the explants were implanted in 6 @entity1 . Each of the @entity1 received 3 pieces of explants on the s.c. space in both of their flanks. All xenografts showed subcutaneous cyst formation. The cyst obtained 4 weeks after the implantation was consisted of a monolayer of cuboidal epithelial cells and those recovered from the recipient @entity1 24 and 27 weeks after the implantation were consisted of well growing columnar and cuboidal epithelial cells. In addition, sinus-like structures were observed beneath the cystic epithelia. The viability of the cells was excellent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Long-term maintenance of @entity0 XXXX as xenografts following explant organ culture].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The purpose of present study is to establish a method that should enable us to keep a @entity0 gall-bladder epithelial tissue alive for a period long enough to observe morphological change after an exposure to a certain carcinogenic agents. @entity0 @entity2 obtained from surgically resected specimen were kept as an explant organ culture in vitro for the first 2 weeks. They were, then, xenotransplanted to the subcutaneous (S.C.) space of the athymic @entity1 . The gall-bladder tissues obtained from 7 cases of @entity3 and 1 case of cholecysto-choledocholithiasis were used as materials in the present study. And the longest survivor among them in the @entity1 was extensively studied in the present paper. After an interval of 4 to 27 weeks, the xenografts were recovered from the recipient @entity1 and studied by light microscopy and histochemistry. The morphological changes of the explant epithelia during the organ culture were also studied. Parts of the explants were implanted in 6 @entity1 . Each of the @entity1 received 3 pieces of explants on the s.c. space in both of their flanks. All xenografts showed subcutaneous cyst formation. The cyst obtained 4 weeks after the implantation was consisted of a monolayer of cuboidal epithelial cells and those recovered from the recipient @entity1 24 and 27 weeks after the implantation were consisted of well growing columnar and cuboidal epithelial cells. In addition, sinus-like structures were observed beneath the cystic epithelia. The viability of the cells was excellent.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Long-term maintenance of XXXX @entity2 as xenografts following explant organ culture].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The enteric neuromuscular junctions of snail (Helix pomatia), locust ( @entity4 migratorioides), cockroach ( @entity0 ), @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were studied by means of different light and electron microscopic methods. The @entity1 staining revealed that the myenteric plexuses of the above species are composed of nerve cells, a network of varicose nerves and nerve bundles. Instead of highly organized ganglia, single neurons or small groups of 2-4 cells are characteristic of the invertebrates and fish studied. Catecholaminergic fluorescence induced by @entity5 was detected in the muscular layer of the entire alimentary tract in snail and the hindgut of @entity6 . Fluorescent nerves and perikarya were frequent in the snail gut, while only nerves and no perikarya were found in @entity6 . A close contact between enteric muscles and nerves is the most common form of @entity2 in both the smooth (i.e. the molluscan and fish gut) and the striated (i.e. the insect gut) musculature. The striated musculature (i.e. the insect gut, the oesophagus of @entity3 , and the oesophagus, stomach and the midgut of @entity6 ) also receives a synaptic input. Cytochemical evidence is provided of the cholinergic character of fish motor endplates. The ultrastructural appearance and vesicle population of certain nerve terminals suggest a universal role of aminergic and peptidergic control in gut motility.

title: XXXX : comparison of ultrastructural features in different phylogenetic groups.

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: The relationship between areas of thermal deficit and areas exhibiting other symptoms and neurologic signs, and the significance of the magnitude of thermal @entity1 were analyzed. OBJECTIVES: To determine the clinical significance and value of thermal deficit as a sign of @entity5 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Thermal deficit has been discussed as a factor in the diagnosis of involved nerve roots. However, it has not been previously correlated with any particular symptoms or signs. METHODS: Sixty-eight healthy subjects and one hundred nine @entity0 with @entity5 due to @entity6 herniation underwent thermography. Sensitivity, specificity, and the agreement rate of thermal @entity2 and neurologic signs were calculated in ten body regions. Total temperature difference of the affected limb was compared with the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system. RESULTS: The agreement rates of thermal deficit with @entity3 , muscle tenderness, @entity4 , and sensory disturbance were 60.9, 69.3, 71.8, and 71.8%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of thermal @entity2 and signs were approximately 30% and 80%, respectively. The correlation coefficient of temperature decrease of the affected limb and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score was 0.57, indicating a moderate correlation. CONCLUSIONS: Thermal deficit should be considered an independent sign of @entity5 . The relatively high specificity suggests that a normal temperature may indicate an asymptomatic region. Symptomatic severity of @entity5 may be assessed by measuring the magnitude of thermal deficit in the affected limb.

title: Thermal @entity1 . Correlations with XXXX and neurologic signs and its value for assessing symptomatic severity.

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: The relationship between areas of thermal deficit and areas exhibiting other symptoms and neurologic signs, and the significance of the magnitude of thermal @entity1 were analyzed. OBJECTIVES: To determine the clinical significance and value of thermal deficit as a sign of @entity5 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Thermal deficit has been discussed as a factor in the diagnosis of involved nerve roots. However, it has not been previously correlated with any particular symptoms or signs. METHODS: Sixty-eight healthy subjects and one hundred nine @entity0 with @entity5 due to @entity6 herniation underwent thermography. Sensitivity, specificity, and the agreement rate of thermal @entity2 and neurologic signs were calculated in ten body regions. Total temperature difference of the affected limb was compared with the Japanese Orthopaedic Association scoring system. RESULTS: The agreement rates of thermal deficit with @entity3 , muscle tenderness, @entity4 , and sensory disturbance were 60.9, 69.3, 71.8, and 71.8%, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity of thermal @entity2 and signs were approximately 30% and 80%, respectively. The correlation coefficient of temperature decrease of the affected limb and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score was 0.57, indicating a moderate correlation. CONCLUSIONS: Thermal deficit should be considered an independent sign of @entity5 . The relatively high specificity suggests that a normal temperature may indicate an asymptomatic region. Symptomatic severity of @entity5 may be assessed by measuring the magnitude of thermal deficit in the affected limb.

title: Thermal XXXX . Correlations with @entity3 and neurologic signs and its value for assessing symptomatic severity.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Malnutrition is a frequently observed complication of total gastrectomy. Does the mode of reconstructing the alimentary tract bear part of the responsibility? We assessed our experience from January 1975 to 1992 to analyze this issue. A series of 64 total gastrectomy @entity0 [40 @entity0 , 24 @entity0 ; aged 59 +/- 11 (SD) years] were considered. Preoperative and periodic follow-up evaluations were prospectively documented: upper gastrointestinal series, endoscopic examination, complete blood count, serum and liver biochemistry profiles, serum proteins, tranferrin, serum @entity3 and @entity6 , @entity3 -binding capacity, oral @entity4 tolerance test, ultrasonography or computed tomography, actual and ideal body weight and performance (AJCC/UICC) assessments. Symptoms were classified by means of Cuschieri's scoring system. Esophageal mucosal changes ( @entity1 , @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity7 ) were documented on endoscopy. There were 36 of 58 operative survivors who had no evidence of @entity2 recurrence and were available for long-term evaluation (12-132 months). An RY loop had been constructed in 25 @entity0 , 5 with a Hunt pouch; 9 had an isoperistaltic jejunal interposition (IJI), 4 with a Kock pouch; and 2 had a Braun loop. A 60 to 70 cm long jejunal limb was always utilized. Statistical analyses were obtained by means of the Student t-test and the equality of medians test. Progressive @entity10 was observed in @entity0 with the Braun (omega) loops, both @entity0 displaying persistent @entity9 and dietary restrictions. Both recovered ideal body weight after remedial surgery that transformed the omega loop into an RY loop. Both RY and IJI loops effectively prevented alkaline @entity9 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Total gastrectomy for XXXX : is reconstruction or a gastric replacement reservoir essential?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Regular follow-up programs after radical resections of @entity3 have been introduced in numerous hospitals. The main goal of a regular follow-up program is the early diagnosis of @entity2 recurrence in the asymptomatic stage to allow further radical resection. We evaluated the efficiency (quote of further resections of asymptomatic @entity2 recurrences) of regular follow-up after resection of 288 @entity3 . 88 @entity0 developed recurrent disease (47 primary locoregional recurrence, 27 distant @entity1 , 14 locoregional and distant recurrence). Only 31 @entity0 were asymptomatic at the time of recurrence ( @entity1 55.6%, locoregional recurrence 31.9%, local and distant recurrence 7.1%; p < 0.05). In 31 @entity0 (13 asymptomatic, 18 symptomatic) further R0-resection was possible. Locoregional recurrences were resected more often following anterior resection than after abdominal perineal resection. With 13 radical resections of asymptomatic recurrence the efficiency of regular follow-up was only 4.5%. Therefore efficiency alone does not justify regular follow-up examinations. Follow-up still makes sense for psychosocial support, diagnosis of metachronous @entity5 , treatment of @entity4 and critical evaluation of the results of surgery. Furthermore the follow up data can be used to plan adjuvant therapy studies.

title: [Effectiveness of regular after-care in R0-resected XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The optimal approach to management of @entity0 after thrombolytic therapy for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is unclear. The role of anticoagulation with heparin was evaluated in 75 consecutive @entity0 who received intravenous streptokinase for @entity4 . Heparin therapy was titrated to keep the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) between 90 and 120 seconds. Seventeen episodes of @entity6 (associated with reversible electrocardiographic changes) were observed in 13 @entity0 . When episodes of probable @entity6 are included (typical @entity5 relieved by @entity7 or associated with more than a 15-mm Hg change in blood pressure but without electrocardiographic changes), 52 episodes occurred in 28 @entity0 . Four episodes of definite and 4 of probable @entity6 occurred within 24 hours of discontinuation of heparin. Analysis of the level of anticoagulation as assessed by PTT at the time of the @entity1 events shows that @entity1 occurred more often at lower PTTs. Nine @entity3 occurred, all within 24 hours of streptokinase infusion. In 4 @entity0 bleeding was believed to be major and heparin administration was discontinued; 2 @entity0 with @entity2 required blood transfusions. Our data suggest that after thrombolytic therapy for @entity4 , the level of anticoagulation is inversely related to the frequency of recurrent @entity1 events; that discontinuation of heparin is frequently associated with @entity1 ; and that administration of heparin is associated with a low incidence of @entity3 .

title: Role of heparin after intravenous thrombolytic therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: This study examined causes of burnout in doctors, nurses and social workers caring for @entity0 in @entity1 / @entity2 units. There were 84 @entity0 at Time 1 (1990) and 134 at Time 2 (1991). The results focus on the longitudinal subsample of 32 who participated in the study at both times. Path analysis was used to explore relationships between burnout at Time 2 and age, hours per week in @entity1 / @entity2 work, and external coping style at Time 1. Older age was related to lower levels of burnout at Time 2. Hours per week in @entity1 / @entity2 work was related to levels of burnout. @entity0 using an external coping style were more likely to score highly on burnout at Time 2. Where possible, management should avoid recruiting young, inexperienced staff without addressing burnout issues. Workshops to teach staff internal coping skills are recommended. Units might promote the psychosocial achievements of staff, shifting away from the traditional cure-based achievement measures.

title: Longitudinal predictors of burnout in @entity1 / XXXX health professionals.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study examined causes of burnout in doctors, nurses and social workers caring for @entity0 in @entity1 / @entity2 units. There were 84 @entity0 at Time 1 (1990) and 134 at Time 2 (1991). The results focus on the longitudinal subsample of 32 who participated in the study at both times. Path analysis was used to explore relationships between burnout at Time 2 and age, hours per week in @entity1 / @entity2 work, and external coping style at Time 1. Older age was related to lower levels of burnout at Time 2. Hours per week in @entity1 / @entity2 work was related to levels of burnout. @entity0 using an external coping style were more likely to score highly on burnout at Time 2. Where possible, management should avoid recruiting young, inexperienced staff without addressing burnout issues. Workshops to teach staff internal coping skills are recommended. Units might promote the psychosocial achievements of staff, shifting away from the traditional cure-based achievement measures.

title: Longitudinal predictors of burnout in XXXX / @entity2 health professionals.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The clinicofunctional and morphological status of the stomach, biliferous system, pancreas, large and small intestine was studied in 83 @entity0 with @entity15 and disease (SS and @entity2 ). @entity1 with @entity8 was shown to develop in @entity2 . Morphological changes of the gastric mucosa were represented by chronic @entity12 and chronic @entity13 of immune genesis. Pathology of the extrahepatic system of bilification was detected in 87% of @entity0 . The most common pathologies diagnosed in these @entity0 were @entity10 (51%) and @entity4 (25%). Changes of the chemical composition of the bile (arise of its lythogenic properties) were observed. Various disorders of pancreatic function were detected in 85% of SS and @entity2 @entity0 . X-ray and endoscopic investigations revealed duodenal, intestinal and @entity3 , less frequently signs of @entity6 and @entity9 in one-third of the @entity0 . The @entity7 was found in 40%. On the whole, involvement of different parts of the intestine was observed in 92%. Morphological changes in the duodenal and sigmoid colon mucosa were typical of chronic diffuse @entity14 and @entity5 in a subacute @entity2 course, and chronic @entity11 and @entity5 in a chronic @entity2 and SS course.

title: [Lesions of the digestive organs in XXXX ].

answer: @entity15


abstract: The antihypertensive effects and safety of a novel neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, @entity4 , were investigated in @entity2 @entity0 . A multicenter, open clinical trial was conducted in 27 @entity0 with essential @entity2 , WHO Stage I or II. Mean age was 64 +/- 1 years. After 2 to 4 weeks of a placebo run-in, 50 mg twice daily, was started, with the dose increased to 100 mg twice daily, and 200 mg twice daily, every 2 weeks, if necessary, to achieve a predetermined response. Blood pressure and pulse rate were monitored every 2 weeks. Blood chemistry, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and plasma @entity3 levels were determined before and after the 8-week treatment period. Blood pressure was significantly reduced, from 171 +/- 1/100 +/- 1 mm Hg to 146 +/- 3/84 +/- 2 mmHg (P < .001) at the end of the 8-week treatment period. No change in pulse rate was noted. Efficacy rate was evaluated in 25 @entity0 treated for 4 weeks or more. Efficacy rate was 44% with 50 mg twice daily, 60% with 100 mg twice daily, and 80% with 200 mg twice daily. Adverse reactions such as @entity1 were observed in six @entity0 (22.2%), with treatment discontinued in five. Significant correlation was observed between increment in plasma ANP levels and blood pressure reductions (r = -0.53, P < .05). Increase in plasma @entity3 was positively correlated with increments in plasma hANP (r = 0.80, P < .001). @entity4 has potent antihypertensive effect associated with an enhancement of endogenous hANP and may be clinically useful as a new class of antihypertensive drug.

title: Antihypertensive effects of the neutral endopeptidase inhibitor XXXX in essential @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The antihypertensive effects and safety of a novel neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, @entity4 , were investigated in @entity2 @entity0 . A multicenter, open clinical trial was conducted in 27 @entity0 with essential @entity2 , WHO Stage I or II. Mean age was 64 +/- 1 years. After 2 to 4 weeks of a placebo run-in, 50 mg twice daily, was started, with the dose increased to 100 mg twice daily, and 200 mg twice daily, every 2 weeks, if necessary, to achieve a predetermined response. Blood pressure and pulse rate were monitored every 2 weeks. Blood chemistry, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and plasma @entity3 levels were determined before and after the 8-week treatment period. Blood pressure was significantly reduced, from 171 +/- 1/100 +/- 1 mm Hg to 146 +/- 3/84 +/- 2 mmHg (P < .001) at the end of the 8-week treatment period. No change in pulse rate was noted. Efficacy rate was evaluated in 25 @entity0 treated for 4 weeks or more. Efficacy rate was 44% with 50 mg twice daily, 60% with 100 mg twice daily, and 80% with 200 mg twice daily. Adverse reactions such as @entity1 were observed in six @entity0 (22.2%), with treatment discontinued in five. Significant correlation was observed between increment in plasma ANP levels and blood pressure reductions (r = -0.53, P < .05). Increase in plasma @entity3 was positively correlated with increments in plasma hANP (r = 0.80, P < .001). @entity4 has potent antihypertensive effect associated with an enhancement of endogenous hANP and may be clinically useful as a new class of antihypertensive drug.

title: Antihypertensive effects of the neutral endopeptidase inhibitor @entity4 in essential XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Results of the @entity1 's Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial (WHI- @entity2 ) suggest that a low-fat diet may be associated with beneficial health outcomes for specific groups of @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The objective is to assess how cost-effective the WHI- @entity2 would be if implemented as a public health intervention and under the sponsorship of private health insurers and Medicare. @entity3 are the health outcomes of interest. @entity1 : Two groups of WHI- @entity2 @entity1 form the target population for this analysis: @entity1 consuming >36.8% of energy from fat at baseline, and @entity1 at high risk for @entity0 with 32% or more of energy from fat at baseline. METHODS: This study uses Markov cohort modeling, following societal and health care payer perspectives, with Monte Carlo simulations and one-way sensitivity analyses. WHI- @entity2 records, nationally representative prices, and published estimates of medical care costs were the sources of cost information. Simulations were performed for hypothetical cohorts of @entity1 aged 50, 55, 60, 65, or 70 years at the beginning of the intervention. Effectiveness was estimated by quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and the main outcome measure was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). RESULTS: Following the societal perspective, the ICERs for the 50-year old cohort are  13,773/QALY (95% confidence interval  7,482 to  20,916) for @entity1 consuming >36.8% of energy from fat at baseline and  10,544/QALY ( 2,096 to  23,673) for @entity1 at high risk for @entity0 . The comparable ICER from a private health care payer perspective is  66,059/QALY ( 30,155 to  121,087) and from a Medicare perspective, it is  15,051/QALY ( 6,565 to  25,105). CONCLUSIONS: The WHI- @entity2 is a cost-effective strategy for the prevention of @entity3 in the target population, from both societal and Medicare perspectives. Private health care payers have a relative short timeframe to realize a return on investment, since after age 65 years the financial benefits associated with the prevention program would accrue to Medicare. For this reason, the intervention is not cost-effective from a private health care payer perspective.

title: Cost-effectiveness analysis of a low-fat diet in the prevention of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: As in herbivores and omnivores, the biosynthesis of @entity2 in the skin exposed to ultraviolet (uv) light is generally expected to also occur in the @entity1 and the cat. The purpose of this in vitro study was to measure the concentrations of @entity2 and its precursor @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity1 and cat skin before and after a quantitatively and qualitatively standardized exposure to uv light. The results are compared to those obtained by the same method in the skin of the @entity0 . The efficiency of extracting @entity3 and @entity2 from skin was 72 +/- 8% and 67 +/- 3%, respectively. In @entity1 and cat skin the concentrations of nonesterified @entity3 were below the detection limit of the HPLC system. Therefore, skin extracts were saponified and total @entity3 and @entity2 concentrations were measured by normal-phase HPLC. Before irradiation with uv-B light the total concentrations of @entity3 were 1858 +/- 183, 1958 +/- 204, and 17,620 +/- 2345 ng/cm2 skin (mean +/- SEM; n = 5) for the @entity1 , the cat, and the @entity0 , respectively. The corresponding concentrations of @entity2 were 211 +/- 44, 193 +/- 18, and 161 +/- 32 ng/cm2 skin for the @entity1 , the cat, and the @entity0 , respectively. Irradiation of standard solutions of @entity3 with 0.15 J uv-B light/min resulted in a time-dependent decrease in @entity3 and a concomitant increase in previtamin D3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Dietary vitamin D dependence of cat and XXXX due to inadequate cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Common HE is the most prevalent clinical form of @entity2 ; its clinical findings vary considerably, ranging from an asymptomatic carrier state to a severe, even life-threatening @entity3 . Structural modification and reduction of 4.1 protein, or abnormalities at the spectrin self-association site could lead to elliptocytes. METHODS: Sixty-one Italian HE @entity0 belonging to 28 families were studied. Analysis of red blood cell cytoskeleton was performed by means of SDS-PAGE, and spectrin dimer percentage was assessed by non denaturing @entity1 gel electrophoresis. Limited tryptic digestion of spectrin was employed in @entity0 showing an abnormal dimer increase, and the amount of abnormal alpha I peptide was estimated. Molecular defects were detected by means of PCR of alpha and beta spectrin genes and direct sequencing of genomic DNA. RESULTS: We found a very heterogeneous spectrum of cytoskeletal alterations: 18 (29%) subjects showed partial protein 4.1 deficiency, whereas 31 (51%) displayed an increased amount of spectrin dimers; we were not able to detect any alteration in 12 (20%) HE @entity0 . @entity0 enrolled in this study were widely distributed throughout Italy. CONCLUSIONS: The subgroup of HE @entity0 related to 4.1 deficiency is homogeneously asymptomatic, whereas forms due to disruption of the spectrin tetramerization site are very heterogeneous, and clinical severity appears to be related to spectrin dimers and especially to spectrin content. These two parameters in turn are related to the presence of a low expression alpha allele in trans and to the degree of disruption of head-to-head contact between alpha and beta chains.

title: Molecular heterogeneity of XXXX in Italy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this study was to examine and compare whole-body and segmental impedance measurements in control subjects and @entity0 with progression of @entity3 and to investigate whole-body and segmental bioelectrical changes occurring during dehydration therapy or paracentesis. Males have lower resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) values than females in measurements both of the whole body and of the arm, leg, and trunk. This is not true in @entity0 . In the three groups of @entity0 , whole-body R and Xc were lower in each @entity2 stage, suggesting that stage has a significant main effect on impedance measurements. The lower extremities were the segment most influenced by the progression of @entity3 . The sum of the arm and leg R was only slightly lower than the value of whole-body resistance. The trunk has a meager influence on this parameter, as is clearly shown by the absence of variations before and immediately after paracentesis. In @entity1 @entity0 without @entity4 treated with diuretics, our data also showed a significant correlation (r = .81; SEE = 1.2) between changes in body weight (BW) and in the bioelectrical evaluation of total body water (TBW). The association of a prevalent increment of Xc (approximately 40%) with a reduction of extracellular water is the most significant bioelectrical event during dehydration therapy. All these findings show that impedance measurements have a low sensitivity in detecting the volume of @entity4 in cirrhotic @entity0 , whereas Xc has a clinical use in monitoring changes in extracellular water (EW).

title: Whole-body and segmental bioelectrical parameters in XXXX : effect of gender and disease stages.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: to study actual and perceived substance use in Canadian university students and to compare these rates with US peers. @entity0 : students (N = 1,203) from a large Canadian university. METHODS: @entity0 were surveyed using items from the National College Health (NCHA) Assessment of the American College Health Association questionnaire. RESULTS: @entity1 was the most common substance used (65.8%), followed by marijuana (13.5%) and cigarettes (13.5%). Substance use and norms were significantly less than the NCHA US data. Overall, respondents generally perceived the typical Canadian student to have used all 3 substances. Perceived norms significantly predicted use, with students more likely to use @entity1 , cigarettes, or marijuana if they perceived the typical student to use these substances. CONCLUSIONS: similar to their US peers, Canadian university students have inaccurate perceptions of peer substance use. These misperceptions may have potentially negative influences on actual substance use and could be a target for intervention. Further research examining the cross-cultural differences for @entity2 is warranted.

title: Social norms of XXXX , smoking, and marijuana use within a Canadian university setting.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and type of non-conversion @entity5 ( @entity5 ). BACKGROUND: Although @entity7 is the most common @entity2 among @entity0 with @entity5 , many @entity0 with nonepileptic paroxysmal behavioral events have other @entity2 , with natural histories and treatments different from those of @entity7 . DESIGN: Retrospective review of a series of consecutive admissions for video-electroencephalography monitoring. All @entity0 identified with @entity5 were interviewed by a psychiatrist. @entity0 with conversion and other @entity2 were divided into separate groups. SETTING: A comprehensive @entity4 center. RESULTS: Twenty-one @entity0 evaluated for possible @entity4 had a @entity2 other than conversion that accounted for their events. Among these @entity0 , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity2 , Revised Third Edition (DSM-III-R) @entity3 (n = 9) were the most common diagnosed category, followed by all forms of @entity6 (n = 7) and impulse control problems in the setting of attention @entity1 residual type (n = 2). In contrast to 71 @entity0 with conversion @entity5 seen over the same period of time, the non-conversion group showed no female predominance and the nonconversion @entity0 were significantly less likely than the conversion @entity0 to have been physically or sexually abused in childhood or adolescence. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the validity of the nosologic distinction of nonconversion from conversion @entity5 and suggest that DSM-III-R @entity3 are an important diagnostic confound in clinical @entity4 .

title: Psychiatric classification of nonconversion XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Early pregnancy is one of the most critical periods of pregnancy, and many factors such as cytokines, enzymes, and members of the immune system have to cooperate in a balanced way. In the present study, the gene expression profiles of factors associated with pregnancy such as EGF, transforming growth factor beta, @entity3 were analyzed in uterine tissues of female @entity0 . The @entity0 were assigned to five groups: G1 (embryo positive, n  =  7; 7th day after mating), G2 (after implantation, n  =  7; 20th day after mating), G3 (midgestation, n  =  7; 24-25th day after mating), G4 (late gestation, n  =  7; 30-45th day after mating), G5 (oocyte group, n  =  7; 7th day after estrus). Tissue samples from the uterus and placenta were collected after ovariohysterectomy. Relative messenger RNA levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. All the factors examined were detected in all tissue samples. In the course of pregnancy, significantly higher expression of EGF and @entity2 in G2 than in G1 was observed (P  <  0.05). @entity4 expression was higher in all groups than in G1 (P  <  0.05). Upregulation of EGF during implantation was detected. The expression of interferon gamma was significantly higher in G3 than in G1 (P  <  0.05). @entity1 growth factor beta and @entity5 were constantly expressed in all groups. In conclusion, the expressions of these factors in feline uterine tissue at different stages of pregnancy might indicate that these factors play roles in the development of pregnancy such as trophoblast invasion, vascularization, implantation, and placentation.

title: Gene expression profiles of some cytokines, growth factors, receptors, and enzymes (GM-CSF, IFNy, XXXX , IGF-II, EGF, TGF-b, IGF-IIR) during pregnancy in the cat uterus.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with advanced, inoperable @entity2 have cure rates of approximately 10-15%. In these @entity0 , concomitant chemoradiotherapy seems to improve local control and survival. @entity5 ( @entity5 ) administered by continuous infusion and @entity4 plus concomitant conventional radiation therapy may be promising in treating advanced, inoperable @entity2 . METHODS: Forty-five evaluable @entity0 with primary nonmetastatic, inoperable @entity2 were treated. From January 1987 to April 1988, the @entity0 were treated with @entity4 plus radiation therapy (Group 1) and from May 1988 to November 1990, they were treated with the same combination plus @entity5 , given in continuous infusion (Group 2). Clinical and pathologic responses were assessed after radiation therapy was completed. @entity0 who relapsed underwent salvage surgery, if possible. The disease free and overall survival rates of the @entity0 were evaluated. RESULTS: The overall response rate (complete and partial response) was 93%, 60% of which comprised complete remissions. Despite the high response rates obtained in the two groups, the time to progression for complete responses and the median survival time were unsatisfactory (13 [Group 1] and 10 months [Group 2] and 17 [Group 1] and 16 months [Group 2], respectively). The @entity3 rate from the two treatments was not relevant. A Grade II @entity1 , according to the World Health Organization, was found in 25 @entity0 , and the treatment was interrupted for 7-10 days in 5. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, despite an improvement in the number of complete responses, the chemotherapeutic regimen with or without @entity5 did not prolong the overall @entity0 survival significantly.

title: Simultaneous radiochemotherapy in the treatment of inoperable, locally advanced XXXX . A single-institution study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The treatment of advanced, inoperable, or recurrent @entity1 represents a clinical challenge. The results obtained with conventional radiotherapy are disappointing. To improve the early response and local control of @entity1 , local microwave @entity4 was used in combination with ionizing radiation in a biinstitutional Phase I/II study. METHODS: From 1984 to 1991, 13 @entity0 (20 lesions) with advanced (10 lesions) or recurrent (10 lesions) @entity1 (15 primaries and the remaining 5 nodal metastases), were treated with 300-915 MHz of external @entity4 after external irradiation. Heat was applied twice weekly at a minimum desired temperature of 42.0 degrees C for 30 minutes at steady state. Ionizing radiation was delivered using photon, electron, or mixed electron-photon beams; the prescribed total dose was 70 Gy and 30 Gy for untreated and previously treated lesions, respectively; the median computed total dose was 66 Gy for previously untreated @entity0 (range, 56-70 Gy) and 30 Gy for previously irradiated @entity0 (range, 28-32 Gy). RESULTS: Acute side effects were limited. Major acute @entity3 included three @entity0 (15%) with superficial @entity2 , two of three who healed spontaneously in 4 and 6 months. Clinical response evaluated during the third month after the completion of therapy found that 16/20 @entity0 (80%) had a complete response (CR), and 4 (20%) had a partial response. Four out of 16 @entity0 who had CRs (20%) had a local recurrence, resulting in an actuarial local control at 5 years of 62.3 +/- 13.2%. CONCLUSIONS: The combined treatment of local microwave @entity4 and ionizing radiation proved to be feasible and moderately toxic for @entity0 with advanced, inoperable, or recurrent @entity1 . Even if clinical result evaluation was not the study endpoint, early response, and 5-year local control rates were encouraging.

title: XXXX and radiation therapy for inoperable or recurrent parotid carcinoma. A phase I/II study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has become a commonly used technology in animal breeding. In crops, it is expected to significantly improve the genetic gains per unit of time. So far, its implementation in plant breeding has been mainly investigated in species farmed as homogeneous varieties. Concerning crops farmed in family pools, only a few theoretical studies are currently available. Here, we test the opportunity to implement @entity1 in breeding of @entity0 , using real data from a forage breeding program. Heading date was chosen as a model trait, due to its high heritability and ease of assessment. Genome Wide Association analysis was performed to uncover the genetic architecture of the trait. Then, Genomic Prediction (GP) models were tested and prediction accuracy was compared to the one obtained in traditional Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) methods. RESULTS: Several markers were significantly associated with heading date, some locating within or proximal to genes with a well-established role in floral regulation. GP models gave very high accuracies, which were significantly better than those obtained through traditional MAS. Accuracies were higher when predictions were made from related families and from larger training populations, whereas predicting from unrelated families caused the variance of the estimated breeding values to be biased downwards. CONCLUSIONS: We have demonstrated that there are good perspectives for @entity1 implementation in @entity0 breeding, and that problems resulting from low linkage disequilibrium (LD) can be reduced by the presence of structure and related families in the breeding population. While comprehensive Genome Wide Association analysis is difficult in species with extremely low LD, we did identify variants proximal to genes with a known role in flowering time (e.g. CONSTANS and Phytochrome C).

title: Genomic dissection and prediction of heading date in XXXX .

answer: @entity0