abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a benign and unusual form of @entity3 that has been described mostly in @entity4 -exposed workers. This form of atelectasis manifests as a lung nodule and can be confused with @entity2 upon conventional radiologic examination. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the variation in contrast uptake in computed tomography for the identification of @entity4 -related @entity5 in Brazil. Between January 1998 and December 2000, high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) was performed in 1658 @entity4 -exposed workers. The diagnosis was made in nine @entity0 based on a history of prior @entity4 exposure, the presence of characteristic (HRCT) findings and lesions unchanged in size over 2 years or more. In three of them the diagnosis was confirmed during surgery. The dynamic contrast enhancement study was modified to evaluate nodules and pulmonary masses. All nine @entity0 with @entity5 received @entity6 contrast according to weight. The average enhancement after @entity6 contrast was infused, reported as Hounsfield units (HU), increased from 62.5+/-9.7 to 125.4+/-20.7 (P < 0.05), with a mean enhancement of 62.5+/-19.7 (range 40 to 89) and with a uniform dense opacification. In conclusion, in this study all @entity0 with @entity5 showed contrast enhancement with uniform dense opacification. The main clinical implication of this finding is that this procedure does not permit differentiation between @entity5 and @entity1 .

title: Identification of rounded atelectasis in workers exposed to XXXX by contrast helical computed tomography.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Epidemiological studies have identified a history of @entity4 as a risk factor for @entity2 . However, the neuropathological mechanism underlying this relationship is as yet unclear. Neuronal cytoskeletal changes in the form of @entity6 and neuropil threads have recently been demonstrated in young @entity0 who had sustained repetitive @entity4 and subsequently died in their 20s. In addition, recent experimental studies have found accumulation of @entity3 and damaged axons following diffuse @entity5 . We hypothesized that tau-immunoreactive tangles may be present in the brains of @entity0 who died after a single acute blunt @entity4 . A total of 45 cases of fatal @entity4 were immunostained for tau. They comprised nine groups (n=5 for each group) separated by age (0-19 years, 20-50 years, 50+ years) and survival time (<24 h, 24 h-1 week, 1 week-1 month) and were compared with age-matched controls. Subtle alterations in tau immunoreactivity, for example, in oligodendrocytes, were present in some @entity4 cases but not controls. However, @entity6 did not appear more prevalent after @entity1 ( @entity1 ) when compared with age-matched controls. Although alterations in tau immunoreactivity may occur which warrant further study, @entity6 were not more prevalent after a single fatal episode of @entity1 .

title: Tau immunohistochemistry in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Many adhesion molecule pathways have been invoked as mediating leukocyte recruitment during immune complex-induced @entity1 . However the individual roles of these molecules have not been identified via direct visualization of an affected microvasculature. Therefore, to identify the specific adhesion molecules responsible for leukocyte rolling and adhesion in immune complex-dependent @entity1 we used intravital microscopy to examine postcapillary venules in the @entity0 cremaster muscle. Wild-type @entity0 underwent an intrascrotal reverse-passive Arthus model of immune complex-dependent @entity1 and subsequently, leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions and P- and @entity3 expression were assessed in cremasteric postcapillary venules. At 4 hours, the reverse-passive Arthus response induced a significant reduction in leukocyte rolling velocity and significant increases in adhesion and emigration. P-selectin expression was increased above constitutive levels whereas @entity3 showed a transient induction of expression peaking between 2.5 to 4 hours and declining thereafter. While @entity3 was expressed, rolling could only be eliminated by combined blockade of P- and @entity3 . However, by 8 hours, all rolling was P-selectin-dependent. In contrast, inhibition of @entity2 had a minimal effect on leukocyte rolling, but significantly reduced both adhesion and emigration. These observations demonstrate that immune complex-mediated leukocyte recruitment in the cremaster muscle involves overlapping roles for the endothelial selectins and @entity2 .

title: Overlapping roles of endothelial selectins and XXXX in immune complex-induced leukocyte recruitment in the cremasteric microvasculature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The progression of a cell through the cell cycle is promoted by cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs), which are positively regulated by cyclins and negatively regulated by CDK inhibitors. D type cyclins interact with @entity6 and @entity8 to drive the progression of a cell through early/mid-G(1)in response to mitogen stimulation. The association of cyclin E with @entity9 forms an active complex in late G(1) that directs entry into S-phase. S-phase progression is directed by the @entity5 / @entity9 complex, and the complex of @entity5 with @entity7 (also known as @entity7 ) is important for G(2) phase. Lastly, cyclin B/ @entity7 complex is necessary for the entry into mitosis. To date only one class of substrates have been identified for cyclinD- @entity6 and - @entity8 complexes, those belonging to pRb family of proteins, whereas the list of cyclin E- @entity9 substrates continues to lengthen. The tight regulation of cyclin E both at the transcriptional level and by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis indicates that it has a major role for the control of G(1)/S transition. The recent identification of key substrates for cyclin E- @entity9 complex has increased our appreciation of how cyclin E overexpression seen in many @entity1 @entity2 can lead to genomic instability, a feature that leads the @entity2 to a more @entity3 state. In @entity0 , the identification of low molecular weight (LMW) forms of cyclin E generated specifically in @entity2 due to elastase mediated @entity4 -terminal proteolytic processing opens new possibilities for a targeted treatment of @entity0 . These truncated forms of cyclin E have an increased cyclin E- @entity9 kinase activity, which correlates in vivo with accelerated entry into S phase. Characterization of the biochemical properties of these LMW forms of cyclin E, in terms of substrate specificity, extent of their inhibition by the CDK inhibitors of the Cip/Kip family, their sensitivity to degradation, as well as elucidating their biological activities in the whole animal, should help us to better understand their role in @entity0 oncogenesis and help provide novels agents to target them.

title: Cyclin E and its low molecular weight forms in @entity1 @entity2 and as targets for XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The progression of a cell through the cell cycle is promoted by cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs), which are positively regulated by cyclins and negatively regulated by CDK inhibitors. D type cyclins interact with @entity6 and @entity8 to drive the progression of a cell through early/mid-G(1)in response to mitogen stimulation. The association of cyclin E with @entity9 forms an active complex in late G(1) that directs entry into S-phase. S-phase progression is directed by the @entity5 / @entity9 complex, and the complex of @entity5 with @entity7 (also known as @entity7 ) is important for G(2) phase. Lastly, cyclin B/ @entity7 complex is necessary for the entry into mitosis. To date only one class of substrates have been identified for cyclinD- @entity6 and - @entity8 complexes, those belonging to pRb family of proteins, whereas the list of cyclin E- @entity9 substrates continues to lengthen. The tight regulation of cyclin E both at the transcriptional level and by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis indicates that it has a major role for the control of G(1)/S transition. The recent identification of key substrates for cyclin E- @entity9 complex has increased our appreciation of how cyclin E overexpression seen in many @entity1 @entity2 can lead to genomic instability, a feature that leads the @entity2 to a more @entity3 state. In @entity0 , the identification of low molecular weight (LMW) forms of cyclin E generated specifically in @entity2 due to elastase mediated @entity4 -terminal proteolytic processing opens new possibilities for a targeted treatment of @entity0 . These truncated forms of cyclin E have an increased cyclin E- @entity9 kinase activity, which correlates in vivo with accelerated entry into S phase. Characterization of the biochemical properties of these LMW forms of cyclin E, in terms of substrate specificity, extent of their inhibition by the CDK inhibitors of the Cip/Kip family, their sensitivity to degradation, as well as elucidating their biological activities in the whole animal, should help us to better understand their role in @entity0 oncogenesis and help provide novels agents to target them.

title: Cyclin E and its low molecular weight forms in @entity1 XXXX and as targets for @entity2 therapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The progression of a cell through the cell cycle is promoted by cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs), which are positively regulated by cyclins and negatively regulated by CDK inhibitors. D type cyclins interact with @entity6 and @entity8 to drive the progression of a cell through early/mid-G(1)in response to mitogen stimulation. The association of cyclin E with @entity9 forms an active complex in late G(1) that directs entry into S-phase. S-phase progression is directed by the @entity5 / @entity9 complex, and the complex of @entity5 with @entity7 (also known as @entity7 ) is important for G(2) phase. Lastly, cyclin B/ @entity7 complex is necessary for the entry into mitosis. To date only one class of substrates have been identified for cyclinD- @entity6 and - @entity8 complexes, those belonging to pRb family of proteins, whereas the list of cyclin E- @entity9 substrates continues to lengthen. The tight regulation of cyclin E both at the transcriptional level and by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis indicates that it has a major role for the control of G(1)/S transition. The recent identification of key substrates for cyclin E- @entity9 complex has increased our appreciation of how cyclin E overexpression seen in many @entity1 @entity2 can lead to genomic instability, a feature that leads the @entity2 to a more @entity3 state. In @entity0 , the identification of low molecular weight (LMW) forms of cyclin E generated specifically in @entity2 due to elastase mediated @entity4 -terminal proteolytic processing opens new possibilities for a targeted treatment of @entity0 . These truncated forms of cyclin E have an increased cyclin E- @entity9 kinase activity, which correlates in vivo with accelerated entry into S phase. Characterization of the biochemical properties of these LMW forms of cyclin E, in terms of substrate specificity, extent of their inhibition by the CDK inhibitors of the Cip/Kip family, their sensitivity to degradation, as well as elucidating their biological activities in the whole animal, should help us to better understand their role in @entity0 oncogenesis and help provide novels agents to target them.

title: Cyclin E and its low molecular weight forms in XXXX @entity2 and as targets for @entity2 therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical composite-tissue (hand) transplantation between genetically disparate individuals currently requires potent, nonspecific immunosuppressive agents that are neither completely successful in preventing acute episodes of rejection nor free from complications. The reliance on long-term immunosuppression has prompted this study to achieve donor-specific transplantation tolerance in adult recipients using a nontoxic, nonmyeloablative protocol. METHODS: Fully mismatched, 4- to 6-week-old ACI ( @entity4 ) and @entity1 Furth (WF) @entity1 were used as donors and recipients, respectively. Recipients were administered @entity6 -Ig at 2 mg/kg per day (alternate days) in combination with @entity2 at 1 mg/kg per day (daily) from day 0 through day +10, antilymphocyte serum at 10 mg at day +10 (single dose), and total-body irradiation t 300 cGy (day 0) before bone-marrow transplantation (BMT) (day 0) with 100 x 10(6) T-cell-depleted bone marrow cells. Hindlimb transplants were performed 4 weeks postBMT. Multilineage donor hematopoiesis was determined pre- and posttransplant using flow cytometry. In vitro T-cell responses were evaluated by mixed lymphocyte reactivity assays. RESULTS: @entity5 blockade in a transplant model of mixed chimerism effectively aborts T-cell clonal expansion in vitro and in vivo, inhibits the development of acute and chronic rejection of vascularized hindlimb allografts in @entity1 (ACI limbs to ACI-->WF chimeras, n=5; WF limbs to ACI-->WF chimeras, n=4), and subsequently leads to long-term survival of allogeneic skin grafts (n=9). Third-party (F344, n=4) transplants were uniformly rejected within 14 days posttransplant. Multilineage donor hematopoiesis was demonstrated pre- and posttransplant. Donor chimerism, present postBMT, increased throughout the study (pretransplant range 2-28%, mean 17%; posttransplant range 5-49%, mean 34%). Transplant recipients maintained full reactivity to respond to third-party antigens without harmful manifestations of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Although efforts have been made to induce tolerance to composite tissue allografts in adult recipients, thus far, none have succeeded without toxic, myeloablative host preconditioning. Our demonstration that tolerance can be achieved with minimal preconditioning provides a rationale for application to large animals and @entity0 and suggests that although composite tissue allografts may have a significant skin component (and are therefore felt to be highly antigenic), protocols used to induce tolerance to organ transplants may be equally applicable to composite-tissue allotransplantation.

title: Long-term acceptance of composite tissue allografts through mixed chimerism and XXXX blockade.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the tear function and ocular surface alterations in @entity0 with primary @entity5 before and after treatment with topical @entity2 ( @entity3 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: We describe seven @entity0 with unilateral @entity5 treated with 0.04% topical @entity3 three times daily until full eradication of the lesion. The @entity0 underwent tear and ocular surface examinations including Cochet-Bonnet corneal sensitivity measurements, tear film break-up time (BUT), Schirmer test, and Rose-Bengal staining before, at the time of resolution of the @entity5 , and at the final follow-up. Conjunctival impression cytology was performed before treatment and at the last visit. RESULTS: The mean pretreatment corneal sensitivity was 30.3 +/- 7.4 mm and improved to 55 +/- 5 mm at the final visit (P < 0.05). There were no aqueous-deficient eyes. The BUT values and Rose-Bengal staining scores also showed significant improvement at the last follow-up compared with the pretreatment values (P < 0.05). Initial impression cytology specimens showed goblet cell loss, higher grades of @entity4 , areas of isolated keratinized, binucleated, and actively mitotic disfigured epithelial cells in all @entity0 . The mean goblet cell density and @entity4 grade were observed to improve significantly at the last visit (P < 0.05). @entity3 -induced cytologic changes were seen to persist long after cessation of treatment in some @entity0 . All eyes remained free of recurrence and complications during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: We found 0.04% topical @entity3 treatment tid until full eradication to be effective in the management of @entity5 . The ocular surface disease of @entity5 was characterized by disturbance of tear film stability, goblet cell loss, and @entity1 in all @entity0 . Impression cytology proved useful in attaining the diagnosis of @entity5 , evaluating the effect of treatment, and showing @entity3 -related long-term changes on the ocular surface.

title: Tear function and ocular surface changes with topical mitomycin ( XXXX ) treatment for primary corneal intraepithelial neoplasia.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The International Prognostic Index (IPI) is widely used for risk stratification of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). However, even among @entity0 with low-risk disease, according to the IPI a substantial proportion of @entity0 ultimately succumb to their disease. Using mature population-based data from the Danish Lymphoma Group, we analyzed if prognostic clinical pretreatment factors could be identified in @entity0 with low-risk @entity1 . One hundred seventy-seven @entity0 , all with a prognostic profile as favorable as possible according to the IPI and treated with @entity2 -based combination chemotherapy (92%) or loco-regional radiotherapy/surgery (8%) with curative intent were included. The median age was 50 years and 170 achieved complete remission. The median follow-up time was 11 years. Twenty-six @entity0 relapsed, with a median time to relapse of 12.1 months. Overall survival at 5 years and 10 years was 85% and 75%, respectively. Stage II was associated with poor response to treatment (P=0.044). In a multivariate analysis, Stage II (P=0.001) and age >50 years (P=0.043) were independently associated with poor outcome. @entity0 without these adverse factors had an excellent prognosis, with a survival at 5 and 15 years of 90% and 80%, respectively. In contrast, @entity0 with both adverse factors had poor outcome, with survival at 5 and 15 years of 70% and 29%, respectively (P<0.001). The present data suggest that risk stratification of @entity1 @entity0 with a favorable IPI score can be improved by the simple use of two clinical pretreatment factors.

title: Factors predicting long-term survival in low-risk XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the current study, the authors compared the incidence of subsequent primary @entity2 in @entity1 with @entity0 who received radiotherapy as part of their treatment and in those @entity1 who did not. The @entity1 were @entity1 in two large National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) @entity0 trials, B-04 and B-06, which prospectively randomized @entity1 to either undergo surgery alone or to undergo surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. METHODS: The NSABP trial B-04 (1971-1974) randomized @entity1 to undergo radical mastectomy versus total (simple) mastectomy and radiotherapy to the chest wall, axilla, and supraclavicular and internal mammary lymph node areas. For @entity1 with a clinically uninvolved axilla, there was a third randomization arm: total mastectomy without radiotherapy. The B-06 trial (1976-1984) randomized @entity1 between those undergoing total mastectomy versus lumpectomy versus those undergoing lumpectomy and breast irradiation, with all @entity1 undergoing an axillary lymph node dissection. The records of all @entity1 who developed a recurrence in the lung or a new primary @entity2 were reviewed to determine the incidence and laterality of confirmed and probable primary @entity2 . RESULTS: For the 1665 evaluable @entity1 on the NSABP B-04 trial (mean follow-up of 21.4 years), there was a total of 23 subsequent confirmed and probable @entity2 . In those @entity1 who had received comprehensive postmastectomy radiotherapy, there was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of these new @entity3 (P = 0.029). With regard to the development of confirmed new primary @entity2 alone, the incidence was statistically significantly increased (P = 0.013) in those @entity1 who had received radiotherapy as part of their treatment, and when confirmed and probable @entity2 were analyzed, there was a strong trend toward a statistically significant increase in those @entity1 who had received radiotherapy (P = 0.066). For the 1850 evaluable @entity1 on the NSABP trial B-06 (mean follow-up of 19.0 years), there was a total of 30 second @entity2 but no increase in either @entity4 of the lung in those @entity1 who had received radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive postmastectomy irradiation of the chest wall and regional lymphatic node areas, with consequent exposure of a greater volume of lung to higher doses as administered in the NSABP B-04 trial compared with postlumpectomy breast irradiation in the NSABP B-06 trial, was associated with an increased incidence of subsequent primary @entity2 , both ipsilateral and contralateral.

title: The incidence of XXXX after surgery for @entity0 with and without postoperative radiotherapy. Results of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) clinical trials B-04 and B-06.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the current study, the authors compared the incidence of subsequent primary @entity2 in @entity1 with @entity0 who received radiotherapy as part of their treatment and in those @entity1 who did not. The @entity1 were @entity1 in two large National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) @entity0 trials, B-04 and B-06, which prospectively randomized @entity1 to either undergo surgery alone or to undergo surgery and postoperative radiotherapy. METHODS: The NSABP trial B-04 (1971-1974) randomized @entity1 to undergo radical mastectomy versus total (simple) mastectomy and radiotherapy to the chest wall, axilla, and supraclavicular and internal mammary lymph node areas. For @entity1 with a clinically uninvolved axilla, there was a third randomization arm: total mastectomy without radiotherapy. The B-06 trial (1976-1984) randomized @entity1 between those undergoing total mastectomy versus lumpectomy versus those undergoing lumpectomy and breast irradiation, with all @entity1 undergoing an axillary lymph node dissection. The records of all @entity1 who developed a recurrence in the lung or a new primary @entity2 were reviewed to determine the incidence and laterality of confirmed and probable primary @entity2 . RESULTS: For the 1665 evaluable @entity1 on the NSABP B-04 trial (mean follow-up of 21.4 years), there was a total of 23 subsequent confirmed and probable @entity2 . In those @entity1 who had received comprehensive postmastectomy radiotherapy, there was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of these new @entity3 (P = 0.029). With regard to the development of confirmed new primary @entity2 alone, the incidence was statistically significantly increased (P = 0.013) in those @entity1 who had received radiotherapy as part of their treatment, and when confirmed and probable @entity2 were analyzed, there was a strong trend toward a statistically significant increase in those @entity1 who had received radiotherapy (P = 0.066). For the 1850 evaluable @entity1 on the NSABP trial B-06 (mean follow-up of 19.0 years), there was a total of 30 second @entity2 but no increase in either @entity4 of the lung in those @entity1 who had received radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Extensive postmastectomy irradiation of the chest wall and regional lymphatic node areas, with consequent exposure of a greater volume of lung to higher doses as administered in the NSABP B-04 trial compared with postlumpectomy breast irradiation in the NSABP B-06 trial, was associated with an increased incidence of subsequent primary @entity2 , both ipsilateral and contralateral.

title: The incidence of @entity2 after surgery for XXXX with and without postoperative radiotherapy. Results of National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project (NSABP) clinical trials B-04 and B-06.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is gaining acceptance as a treatment modality for several @entity2 types. However, its use in @entity1 with @entity0 remains investigational. The current study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of treating small @entity0 with RFA and to evaluate the postablation magnetic resonance imaging scans (MRI) and histologic findings. METHODS: @entity1 with core-needle biopsy-proven @entity5 (< 2 cm in greatest dimension) underwent ultrasound-guided RFA under local anesthesia. Surgical excision was undertaken 1-3 weeks later. All @entity1 had breast MRI scans performed before ablation and repeated within 24 hours of surgery. RESULTS: Ten @entity1 completed the treatment and experienced minimal or no discomfort. The mean @entity2 size was 1.2 cm (range, 0.8-1.6 cm). The mean time required for ablation was 13.8 minutes (range, 7-21 minutes). There were no treatment-related complications other than minimal breast ecchymosis. A pre-RFA MRI scan showed enhancing @entity2 in 9 of 10 (90%) @entity1 . A post-RFA MRI scan revealed no residual lesion enhancement in 8 of these 9 @entity1 (89%), and the zone of ablation was demonstrated in all @entity1 . One @entity1 had residual enhancement anteriorly consistent with @entity4 , which was confirmed histologically. Evaluation of the remaining ablated lesions revealed a spectrum of changes ranging from no @entity4 to @entity3 with recognizable malignant cells. Immunostains for @entity6 /18 were negative in these recognizable malignant cells. CONCLUSIONS: RFA of small @entity0 can be performed under local anesthesia in an office-based setting. A postablation MRI scan appears to predict histologic findings, although @entity2 viability needs to be assessed in a long-term study.

title: Radiofrequency ablation of invasive XXXX followed by delayed surgical excision.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Mexico used @entity4 ( @entity3 ) to control @entity1 until 1999, when it was replaced with @entity2 for mosquito control. Thus, we performed environmental and exposure assessments to @entity3 and @entity2 in the states of Chiapas and Oaxaca. In Chiapas, samples were obtained at the time when @entity3 was being used in the @entity1 control program, while in Oaxaca, samples were collected 2 years after the final spraying of @entity3 and 2 days after @entity2 application. Mean concentrations of @entity3 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), as measured in whole blood, were 67.8 and 86.7 microg/L for @entity0 living in Chiapas and 27.1 and 60.8 microg/L for adults, respectively. As expected, @entity3 levels were lower 2 years after the final application in Oaxaca (20.4 and 13.2 microg/L for @entity0 and adults, respectively). Sprayers in Chiapas had the highest levels of exposure, with 165.5 and 188.4 microg/L of @entity3 and @entity5 , respectively. @entity0 living in Chiapas and Oaxaca also had significantly higher blood levels of @entity3 and @entity5 than those @entity0 living in areas where less @entity3 had been used. @entity2 exposure was assessed only in @entity0 living in Oaxaca; 50% of the exposed group had urinary levels of @entity6 above the limit of detection (LOD) and 6% had levels above 25 microg/L (five times the LOD), with a negative trend with age (r=-0.33). In Chiapas we found higher @entity3 and @entity5 levels in soil than in Oaxaca. In the latter location, large amounts of @entity3 and @entity5 were found in sediment samples and @entity2 was detected in indoor soil samples. Considering the environmental data, the blood level results can be explained by soil/dust ingestion, @entity0 milk ingestion, and consumption of fish and other contaminated foods.

title: Levels of @entity4 and XXXX in @entity0 and environmental samples in malarious areas of Mexico.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Mexico used @entity4 ( @entity3 ) to control @entity1 until 1999, when it was replaced with @entity2 for mosquito control. Thus, we performed environmental and exposure assessments to @entity3 and @entity2 in the states of Chiapas and Oaxaca. In Chiapas, samples were obtained at the time when @entity3 was being used in the @entity1 control program, while in Oaxaca, samples were collected 2 years after the final spraying of @entity3 and 2 days after @entity2 application. Mean concentrations of @entity3 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), as measured in whole blood, were 67.8 and 86.7 microg/L for @entity0 living in Chiapas and 27.1 and 60.8 microg/L for adults, respectively. As expected, @entity3 levels were lower 2 years after the final application in Oaxaca (20.4 and 13.2 microg/L for @entity0 and adults, respectively). Sprayers in Chiapas had the highest levels of exposure, with 165.5 and 188.4 microg/L of @entity3 and @entity5 , respectively. @entity0 living in Chiapas and Oaxaca also had significantly higher blood levels of @entity3 and @entity5 than those @entity0 living in areas where less @entity3 had been used. @entity2 exposure was assessed only in @entity0 living in Oaxaca; 50% of the exposed group had urinary levels of @entity6 above the limit of detection (LOD) and 6% had levels above 25 microg/L (five times the LOD), with a negative trend with age (r=-0.33). In Chiapas we found higher @entity3 and @entity5 levels in soil than in Oaxaca. In the latter location, large amounts of @entity3 and @entity5 were found in sediment samples and @entity2 was detected in indoor soil samples. Considering the environmental data, the blood level results can be explained by soil/dust ingestion, @entity0 milk ingestion, and consumption of fish and other contaminated foods.

title: Levels of XXXX and @entity2 in @entity0 and environmental samples in malarious areas of Mexico.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Mexico used @entity4 ( @entity3 ) to control @entity1 until 1999, when it was replaced with @entity2 for mosquito control. Thus, we performed environmental and exposure assessments to @entity3 and @entity2 in the states of Chiapas and Oaxaca. In Chiapas, samples were obtained at the time when @entity3 was being used in the @entity1 control program, while in Oaxaca, samples were collected 2 years after the final spraying of @entity3 and 2 days after @entity2 application. Mean concentrations of @entity3 and @entity5 ( @entity5 ), as measured in whole blood, were 67.8 and 86.7 microg/L for @entity0 living in Chiapas and 27.1 and 60.8 microg/L for adults, respectively. As expected, @entity3 levels were lower 2 years after the final application in Oaxaca (20.4 and 13.2 microg/L for @entity0 and adults, respectively). Sprayers in Chiapas had the highest levels of exposure, with 165.5 and 188.4 microg/L of @entity3 and @entity5 , respectively. @entity0 living in Chiapas and Oaxaca also had significantly higher blood levels of @entity3 and @entity5 than those @entity0 living in areas where less @entity3 had been used. @entity2 exposure was assessed only in @entity0 living in Oaxaca; 50% of the exposed group had urinary levels of @entity6 above the limit of detection (LOD) and 6% had levels above 25 microg/L (five times the LOD), with a negative trend with age (r=-0.33). In Chiapas we found higher @entity3 and @entity5 levels in soil than in Oaxaca. In the latter location, large amounts of @entity3 and @entity5 were found in sediment samples and @entity2 was detected in indoor soil samples. Considering the environmental data, the blood level results can be explained by soil/dust ingestion, @entity0 milk ingestion, and consumption of fish and other contaminated foods.

title: Levels of @entity4 and @entity2 in XXXX and environmental samples in malarious areas of Mexico.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review our experience with secondary cytoreductive surgery for recurrent @entity1 with regard to its feasibility, morbidity, mortality, @entity0 selection, and survival. METHODS: Forty-six @entity0 who underwent secondary cytoreductive surgery at the Royal Hospital for @entity0 , Sydney, between July 1988 and October 1996 were retrospectively reviewed. The mean age at surgery was 50.3 years, and the median disease-free interval was 26 months. Eighty-nine percent of @entity0 had a disease-free interval of at least 12 months. Twenty-five @entity0 (54%) had localized disease at the time of surgery. Univariate survival outcomes were analyzed using the log rank test, and survival curves were calculated using the method of Kaplan-Meier. RESULTS: Two @entity0 (4%) were inoperable and 19 @entity0 (41%) were cytoreduced to no macroscopic disease. There was one @entity3 (2%), and four @entity0 (8.7%) had significant postoperative morbidity. With a median follow-up of 88 months, the overall median survival was 22.5 months. @entity0 with a disease-free interval of less than 12 months after their initial treatment had a median survival of 6 months, compared with 11 months if the disease-free interval was 12-24 months and 39 months for those with a disease-free interval of 24 months or more (P =.001, log rank). @entity0 who had any @entity2 had a median survival of 11 months, whereas those with no @entity2 had a median survival of 38 months (P =.002, log rank). CONCLUSION: For carefully selected @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 : 1) complete surgical resection is feasible more commonly than with primary cytoreduction, 2) serious morbidity and mortality are acceptable, and 3) significant survival benefit accrues when a) all macroscopic disease can be resected, or b) the disease-free interval is 24 months or more.

title: Secondary cytoreductive surgery for recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The 'hygiene hypothesis' implies that infections in early childhood prevent the development of @entity0 . Atopy is caused by the interaction of the environment with genetic factors. Therefore, both contacts with microbial products such as endotoxin as well as @entity2 , a gene involved in the immunological response to endotoxin, are discussed in this review. RECENT FINDINGS: @entity2 is a multifunctional receptor for endotoxin and other bacterial wall components. Membrane-bound @entity2 is expressed on monocytes and macrophages. It forms a complex with @entity1 . Genetic studies have shown an association of variants in the @entity2 gene with the prevention of (and severity of) @entity0 . However, phenotype definitions and the allele that showed association differed between studies. In addition, the presence of endotoxin in house dust appears to be inversely related to @entity0 in different studies. SUMMARY: It can be hypothesized that different levels of endotoxin exposure could interact with specific @entity2 variants in the prevention of @entity0 . If confirmed in prospective cohort studies, this might represent an important gene by environmental interaction in the development of @entity0 . This could possibly open ways for the primary prevention of @entity0 .

title: The genetics of XXXX in allergic disease.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyze the biological behavior of external auditory canal @entity3 (EACC). The expression and distribution of relevant markers such as @entity0 ( @entity5 ), @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and the proliferation marker @entity2 were studied in comparison with normal auditory meatal skin. BACKGROUND: EACC are uncommon and knowledge concerning etiology and pathogenesis is limited. Whether this is a unique entity remains controversially discussed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Immunohistochemical methods were used to study the expression and distribution @entity5 , @entity1 , and the proliferation marker @entity2 on 15 tissues samples. Only the spontaneous form of EACC was included in this study. RESULTS: Positive immunoreactivity for the proliferation marker @entity2 could be demonstrated in keratinocytes in the basal and suprabasal layers of the epithelium. The number of @entity2 -positive proliferating cells in @entity3 was significantly higher than in normal external auditory skin. @entity3 epithelium also showed an enhanced expression of @entity5 and @entity1 . Inflammatory infiltrate was observed in the perimatrix to various degrees. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that similar to the @entity4 , a chronic inflammatory process underlies the EACC, and the inflammatory stimuli may alter keratinocyte proliferation.

title: Immunohistochemical investigations on external auditory canal XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the long-term visual and anatomical outcomes for @entity0 treated with submacular surgery for @entity6 associated with endogenous @entity8 . METHODS: Review of the medical records, @entity5 angiograms, fundus photographs, and histopathologic specimens of @entity0 treated with submacular surgery for @entity6 following @entity8 . RESULTS: This series included 3 @entity0 (1 @entity0 and 2 @entity0 ) who were 26, 30, and 60 years of age. Each @entity0 had received systemic antifungal treatment for culture-proven @entity4 before the development of @entity6 . Each @entity0 had bilateral @entity6 diagnosed by biomicroscopic examination and angiographic appearance: 2 eyes had an active subfoveal membrane; 2, an active juxtafoveal subretinal membrane; and 2, a mixture of active @entity7 with subfoveal @entity1 . Submacular surgery was performed on five eyes with @entity6 ; one eye with subfoveal @entity1 was observed. Visual acuity improved substantially in 4 eyes of 3 @entity0 treated with submacular surgery. Visual improvement was limited in the two eyes with preexisting submacular @entity1 . During 13-month to 82-month follow-ups, vision remained stable, with no recurrence of @entity7 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 can cause severe @entity2 in @entity0 with endogenous @entity3 . Submacular surgery with removal of @entity6 may restore vision in selected @entity0 . Subfoveal @entity1 may limit visual improvement.

title: Visual and anatomical outcome following submacular surgery for @entity6 secondary to XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: To report the long-term visual and anatomical outcomes for @entity0 treated with submacular surgery for @entity6 associated with endogenous @entity8 . METHODS: Review of the medical records, @entity5 angiograms, fundus photographs, and histopathologic specimens of @entity0 treated with submacular surgery for @entity6 following @entity8 . RESULTS: This series included 3 @entity0 (1 @entity0 and 2 @entity0 ) who were 26, 30, and 60 years of age. Each @entity0 had received systemic antifungal treatment for culture-proven @entity4 before the development of @entity6 . Each @entity0 had bilateral @entity6 diagnosed by biomicroscopic examination and angiographic appearance: 2 eyes had an active subfoveal membrane; 2, an active juxtafoveal subretinal membrane; and 2, a mixture of active @entity7 with subfoveal @entity1 . Submacular surgery was performed on five eyes with @entity6 ; one eye with subfoveal @entity1 was observed. Visual acuity improved substantially in 4 eyes of 3 @entity0 treated with submacular surgery. Visual improvement was limited in the two eyes with preexisting submacular @entity1 . During 13-month to 82-month follow-ups, vision remained stable, with no recurrence of @entity7 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 can cause severe @entity2 in @entity0 with endogenous @entity3 . Submacular surgery with removal of @entity6 may restore vision in selected @entity0 . Subfoveal @entity1 may limit visual improvement.

title: Visual and anatomical outcome following submacular surgery for XXXX secondary to @entity8 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The discovery of a jugular tumefaction in an @entity0 evokes several diseases. We report the case of a 4-month-old @entity0 whose jugular cellulite revealed @entity9 . CASE REPORT: A 4-month-old @entity0 was referred for hard, hot tumefaction of the right cheek and multiple cervical adenopathies. The suggested diagnosis was cellulite of cutaneous origin. He presented 21 900/mm(3) hyperleukocytosis associated with an inflammatory biological syndrome. Standard x-ray of the facial mass was normal. Sonography of the face showed thickening of the soft subcutaneous tissues and retro and sub-mandibular adenopathies with abcedation. Antibiotherapy with @entity2 and @entity5 led to rapid improvement. Three days after withdrawal of the antibiotherapy, the tumefaction recurred without @entity3 . A facial scan eliminated @entity8 and showed @entity7 of the external plateau of the ascending branch of the mandible with periosteal appositions. Histological examination of a surgical bone biopsy showed @entity10 and culture revealed hemolytic beta streptococci. Six weeks of antibiotherapy (initially with @entity2 and @entity6 , then @entity2 in monotherapy) led to the regression of all cutaneous signs. COMMENTS: When confronted with a tumefaction in this area, malignant or benign tumoral causes such as @entity8 must be eliminated. Infectious causes ( @entity4 , parotid @entity1 and @entity9 ) must be evoked and distinguished from @entity11 ( @entity11 ). Standard radiological imaging, scan or scintigraphy are useful diagnostic tools. If @entity7 is discovered, a biopsy must be taken for anatomopathological and biological examination.

title: [Facial cellulite associated with XXXX in an @entity0 ].

answer: @entity9


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The discovery of a jugular tumefaction in an @entity0 evokes several diseases. We report the case of a 4-month-old @entity0 whose jugular cellulite revealed @entity9 . CASE REPORT: A 4-month-old @entity0 was referred for hard, hot tumefaction of the right cheek and multiple cervical adenopathies. The suggested diagnosis was cellulite of cutaneous origin. He presented 21 900/mm(3) hyperleukocytosis associated with an inflammatory biological syndrome. Standard x-ray of the facial mass was normal. Sonography of the face showed thickening of the soft subcutaneous tissues and retro and sub-mandibular adenopathies with abcedation. Antibiotherapy with @entity2 and @entity5 led to rapid improvement. Three days after withdrawal of the antibiotherapy, the tumefaction recurred without @entity3 . A facial scan eliminated @entity8 and showed @entity7 of the external plateau of the ascending branch of the mandible with periosteal appositions. Histological examination of a surgical bone biopsy showed @entity10 and culture revealed hemolytic beta streptococci. Six weeks of antibiotherapy (initially with @entity2 and @entity6 , then @entity2 in monotherapy) led to the regression of all cutaneous signs. COMMENTS: When confronted with a tumefaction in this area, malignant or benign tumoral causes such as @entity8 must be eliminated. Infectious causes ( @entity4 , parotid @entity1 and @entity9 ) must be evoked and distinguished from @entity11 ( @entity11 ). Standard radiological imaging, scan or scintigraphy are useful diagnostic tools. If @entity7 is discovered, a biopsy must be taken for anatomopathological and biological examination.

title: [Facial cellulite associated with @entity9 in an XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The efficacy and @entity5 of two-drug therapy ( @entity7 and @entity6 , EP) in @entity0 with metastatic @entity8 were investigated. @entity0 AND METHODS: Between December 1996 and November 1999, 18 @entity0 with metastatic @entity8 (6 @entity9 and 12 @entity9 , Stage II 8, Stage IIIA 2, Stage IIIB 6, Stage IIIC 2) were treated by 3-5 cycles of induction chemotherapy regimen (EP). @entity7 and @entity6 were administrated in doses of 100 mg/m2 and 20 mg/m2, respectively, on days 1 to 5 and then repeated from day 21. After @entity1 markers obtained normal levels, one or two additional cycles of EP were continued. @entity0 showing evidence of @entity3 mass underwent debulking surgery as early as possible. RESULTS: At the end of EP therapy, 4 (22%) of the 18 @entity0 achieved complete remission and 14 @entity0 (78%) showed partial remission. Seven @entity0 of partial remission were treated by excision of residual abnormalities: 6 had pathologically @entity2 in the resected specimen and 1 had @entity4 , and these 7 @entity0 all achieved complete remission. Four other @entity0 achieving partial remission were followed without surgical excision and have had no evidence of disease progression. Remaining three @entity0 achieving partial remission received salvage chemotherapy with or without adjunctive surgery, resulted in complete remission in 2 @entity0 and partial remission in 1 @entity0 . EP demonstrated to have less treatment-related @entity5 compared with that of @entity10 . Follow up studies ranging from 12 to 47 months (median, 29.6) showed that one @entity0 experienced a relapse from complete remission at 13 months and was salvaged by chemotherapy and surgery. Finally, thirteen @entity0 (72%) who achieved complete remission are alive and disease-free and 5 @entity0 (28%) showing partial remission are alive with negative @entity1 markers and no evidence of relapse. CONCLUSION: These results suggests that EP is an efficacious and less toxic first line regimen for good-prognosis @entity0 with metastatic @entity8 .

title: [Treatment of metastatic @entity8 with @entity7 and XXXX as first line chemotherapy].

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: The efficacy and @entity5 of two-drug therapy ( @entity7 and @entity6 , EP) in @entity0 with metastatic @entity8 were investigated. @entity0 AND METHODS: Between December 1996 and November 1999, 18 @entity0 with metastatic @entity8 (6 @entity9 and 12 @entity9 , Stage II 8, Stage IIIA 2, Stage IIIB 6, Stage IIIC 2) were treated by 3-5 cycles of induction chemotherapy regimen (EP). @entity7 and @entity6 were administrated in doses of 100 mg/m2 and 20 mg/m2, respectively, on days 1 to 5 and then repeated from day 21. After @entity1 markers obtained normal levels, one or two additional cycles of EP were continued. @entity0 showing evidence of @entity3 mass underwent debulking surgery as early as possible. RESULTS: At the end of EP therapy, 4 (22%) of the 18 @entity0 achieved complete remission and 14 @entity0 (78%) showed partial remission. Seven @entity0 of partial remission were treated by excision of residual abnormalities: 6 had pathologically @entity2 in the resected specimen and 1 had @entity4 , and these 7 @entity0 all achieved complete remission. Four other @entity0 achieving partial remission were followed without surgical excision and have had no evidence of disease progression. Remaining three @entity0 achieving partial remission received salvage chemotherapy with or without adjunctive surgery, resulted in complete remission in 2 @entity0 and partial remission in 1 @entity0 . EP demonstrated to have less treatment-related @entity5 compared with that of @entity10 . Follow up studies ranging from 12 to 47 months (median, 29.6) showed that one @entity0 experienced a relapse from complete remission at 13 months and was salvaged by chemotherapy and surgery. Finally, thirteen @entity0 (72%) who achieved complete remission are alive and disease-free and 5 @entity0 (28%) showing partial remission are alive with negative @entity1 markers and no evidence of relapse. CONCLUSION: These results suggests that EP is an efficacious and less toxic first line regimen for good-prognosis @entity0 with metastatic @entity8 .

title: [Treatment of metastatic @entity8 with XXXX and @entity6 as first line chemotherapy].

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: The efficacy and @entity5 of two-drug therapy ( @entity7 and @entity6 , EP) in @entity0 with metastatic @entity8 were investigated. @entity0 AND METHODS: Between December 1996 and November 1999, 18 @entity0 with metastatic @entity8 (6 @entity9 and 12 @entity9 , Stage II 8, Stage IIIA 2, Stage IIIB 6, Stage IIIC 2) were treated by 3-5 cycles of induction chemotherapy regimen (EP). @entity7 and @entity6 were administrated in doses of 100 mg/m2 and 20 mg/m2, respectively, on days 1 to 5 and then repeated from day 21. After @entity1 markers obtained normal levels, one or two additional cycles of EP were continued. @entity0 showing evidence of @entity3 mass underwent debulking surgery as early as possible. RESULTS: At the end of EP therapy, 4 (22%) of the 18 @entity0 achieved complete remission and 14 @entity0 (78%) showed partial remission. Seven @entity0 of partial remission were treated by excision of residual abnormalities: 6 had pathologically @entity2 in the resected specimen and 1 had @entity4 , and these 7 @entity0 all achieved complete remission. Four other @entity0 achieving partial remission were followed without surgical excision and have had no evidence of disease progression. Remaining three @entity0 achieving partial remission received salvage chemotherapy with or without adjunctive surgery, resulted in complete remission in 2 @entity0 and partial remission in 1 @entity0 . EP demonstrated to have less treatment-related @entity5 compared with that of @entity10 . Follow up studies ranging from 12 to 47 months (median, 29.6) showed that one @entity0 experienced a relapse from complete remission at 13 months and was salvaged by chemotherapy and surgery. Finally, thirteen @entity0 (72%) who achieved complete remission are alive and disease-free and 5 @entity0 (28%) showing partial remission are alive with negative @entity1 markers and no evidence of relapse. CONCLUSION: These results suggests that EP is an efficacious and less toxic first line regimen for good-prognosis @entity0 with metastatic @entity8 .

title: [Treatment of metastatic XXXX with @entity7 and @entity6 as first line chemotherapy].

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: Many factors influencing compliance in @entity1 have been reported in the literature. Our aim was to assess predictors of noncompliance in male @entity0 with first-episode @entity1 , @entity3 in a naturalistic setting. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty-six male @entity0 , discharged from hospital, were included in a 1-year follow-up study. Psychopathological symptoms were assessed with positive and negative syndrome scale at admission and discharge, while extrapyramidal side effects were recorded weekly during hospitalisation using the Simpson-Angus and Barnes @entity4 scales. Socio-demographic and some other variables were also recorded. RESULTS: Thirty @entity0 (53.6%) dropped out of treatment in the first year and 21 of them relapsed. With the Cox survival analysis three predictors of noncompliance were found: diagnosis of @entity1 versus the other two diagnoses, positive symptoms at admission, and lack of insight at discharge. Discussion. In spite of a specific methodology and selection of only first-episode male @entity0 , the results are in accordance with the findings of other authors. This confirms the universality of noncompliance in @entity2 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: First-episode @entity0 have a high dropout rate. However, in compliant @entity0 , the relapse rate was low, and therefore special attention and compliance-promoting interventions in first-episode @entity0 are needed.

title: Predictors of noncompliance in males with first-episode XXXX , @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Many factors influencing compliance in @entity1 have been reported in the literature. Our aim was to assess predictors of noncompliance in male @entity0 with first-episode @entity1 , @entity3 in a naturalistic setting. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty-six male @entity0 , discharged from hospital, were included in a 1-year follow-up study. Psychopathological symptoms were assessed with positive and negative syndrome scale at admission and discharge, while extrapyramidal side effects were recorded weekly during hospitalisation using the Simpson-Angus and Barnes @entity4 scales. Socio-demographic and some other variables were also recorded. RESULTS: Thirty @entity0 (53.6%) dropped out of treatment in the first year and 21 of them relapsed. With the Cox survival analysis three predictors of noncompliance were found: diagnosis of @entity1 versus the other two diagnoses, positive symptoms at admission, and lack of insight at discharge. Discussion. In spite of a specific methodology and selection of only first-episode male @entity0 , the results are in accordance with the findings of other authors. This confirms the universality of noncompliance in @entity2 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: First-episode @entity0 have a high dropout rate. However, in compliant @entity0 , the relapse rate was low, and therefore special attention and compliance-promoting interventions in first-episode @entity0 are needed.

title: Predictors of noncompliance in males with first-episode @entity1 , XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Nonsurgical closure of pathologic vascular communications can be achieved by coil embolization. Different systems used in @entity0 with @entity1 (e.g., patent ductus arteriosus) allow controlled release of the devices. However, they are too stiff for coil occlusion of small or tortuous vessels. METHODS AND @entity0 : The new detachable Cook coil system combines flexibility with a simple release control mechanism. Five @entity0 , age 8 days to 10 years, underwent heart catheterization for interventional occlusion of @entity2 (two coronary artery fistulas, two aortopulmonary collaterals, and one @entity3 ). The diameter of the vessels varied between 1.8 mm and 3.6 mm and the length between 10 mm and 22 mm. RESULTS: Up to four 0.018" soft spiral coils were placed as distally as possible in the feeding vessels. In addition, in two @entity0 , one to three J-shaped coils were placed inside and proximal to spiral coils. Positioning of the coils was controlled easily by radio-opaque markers. Counter-clockwise rotation of the delivery wire provided fast and safe detachment without movement of the detached coils. Control angiograms showed complete occlusion of the vessels within 10 minutes after delivery of coils. CONCLUSION: Interventional closure of @entity2 can be successfully obtained with the detachable Cook coil system. This system offers safe and controlled placement of coils, and it works rapidly in an uncomplicated manner.

title: Interventional occlusion of XXXX with the detachable Cook coil system.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 (CA) is an important antibiotic that is produced by @entity5 . CA is unstable and product degradation has turned out to have a major impact on product titers in fed-batch cultivations. Three different types of experiments have been used to elucidate CA degradation under fed-batch cultivation conditions. First, the influence of individual medium compounds was examined. Second, degradation was monitored during the exponential growth phase in batch cultivations. Third, CA degradation was studied in the supernatant of samples taken during a fed-batch. In addition, data from six fed-batch cultivations were studied to derive information about CA degradation during the production phase. These cultivations were based on a mineral medium, containing @entity0 , @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity2 as the main nutrients. The @entity4 concentration had a large influence on the degradation rate constant. In addition, either changes in the substrate availability or high concentrations of @entity4 or @entity0 cause a major increase in the degradation rate constant. Finally, a linear and a fuzzy logic model were made to predict CA degradation rates in these fed-batches.

title: XXXX degradation in @entity5 fed-batch cultivations.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 (CA) is an important antibiotic that is produced by @entity5 . CA is unstable and product degradation has turned out to have a major impact on product titers in fed-batch cultivations. Three different types of experiments have been used to elucidate CA degradation under fed-batch cultivation conditions. First, the influence of individual medium compounds was examined. Second, degradation was monitored during the exponential growth phase in batch cultivations. Third, CA degradation was studied in the supernatant of samples taken during a fed-batch. In addition, data from six fed-batch cultivations were studied to derive information about CA degradation during the production phase. These cultivations were based on a mineral medium, containing @entity0 , @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity2 as the main nutrients. The @entity4 concentration had a large influence on the degradation rate constant. In addition, either changes in the substrate availability or high concentrations of @entity4 or @entity0 cause a major increase in the degradation rate constant. Finally, a linear and a fuzzy logic model were made to predict CA degradation rates in these fed-batches.

title: @entity1 degradation in XXXX fed-batch cultivations.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The association of an elevated level of lipoprotein (a) ( @entity9 ) with the development of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) remains controversial. @entity9 was investigated as a @entity5 risk factor in the PRIME Study, a prospective cohort study which included 9133 French and Northern Irish @entity0 aged 50-59 at entry, without a history of @entity5 and not on hypolipidaemic drugs. During a follow-up of 5 years, 288 subjects experienced at least one @entity5 event ( @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity4 , @entity7 ). @entity9 was measured by immunoassay in all subjects on fresh plasma obtained at entry. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as low-density lipoproteins (LDL)- @entity3 , HDL- @entity3 , @entity8 , the presence of @entity1 , @entity2 or smoking were determined. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate @entity9 level as a @entity5 risk factor after controlling for the other risk factors. In addition, its possible interaction with LDL- and HDL- @entity3 levels was investigated. @entity9 appeared a significant risk factor (P<0.0006) in the whole cohort without between-population interaction, even if the association was not statistically significant in the Belfast sample. The relative risk (RR) of @entity5 events in subjects with @entity9 levels in the highest quartile was 1.5 times that of subjects in the lowest quartile (RR: 1.56; 95% confidence intervals (CIs): 1.10-2.21). A high @entity9 level was a risk for @entity6 , @entity7 . A significant interaction term between @entity9 and LDL- @entity3 levels, however, was found. The relative @entity5 risk associated with a @entity9 level > or =33 mg/dl in comparison with @entity9 <33 mg/dl increasing gradually from 0.82 (95% CI: 0.28-2.44) in @entity0 with LDL- @entity3 in the lowest quartile (<121 mg/dl) to 1.58 (95% CI: 1.06-2.40) in the highest quartile (>163 mg/dl). In conclusion, @entity9 increased the risk for @entity6 and @entity7 , especially in @entity0 with a high LDL- @entity3 level. This study which analyzed @entity9 level using a measurement independent of apolipoprotein (a) size on fresh plasma, has confirmed utility of @entity9 ) as a predictor of @entity5 .

title: Lipoprotein (a) as a predictor of XXXX : the PRIME Study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: High dose therapy for @entity0 remains controversial. Of the 15 randomized trials of high dose therapy in @entity0 reported to date, two South African studies have been discredited leaving 13 remaining studies. Mortality was consistently low, in the 0 to 2.5% range, except for the BCNU containing American Intergroup study, which had a 7.4% toxic mortality rate. Seven of the remaining 13 studies randomized fewer than 200 @entity1 . Three of these small studies have significant differences in disease free survival, and a fourth study has a trend in favor of high dose therapy. The other three small studies cannot exclude a survival difference of 20%. Of the 6 remaining moderately large trials of 219 to 885 randomized @entity1 , 5 are adjuvant studies and one included @entity1 with @entity2 . Of the five adjuvant trials, four have significant differences in relapse rate favoring the high dose arm, and the remaining study has a trend (with a high dose sequential single agent design rather than combination therapy as in the other studies). A planned subset analysis of the first 284 @entity1 in the largest study funded by the Dutch insurance industry showed a significant advantage for high dose therapy. Given the 2-year median time to relapse and an addition 2-year median to death after relapse, the follow up for survival of 3-5 years on these studies is still short. In the only moderately sized metastatic trial from the National @entity3 Institute of Canada with a very short median follow-up of 19 months, a significant difference in disease free survival has emerged, with no difference in survival.

title: Randomized trials of high-dose chemotherapy in XXXX : fraud, the press and the data (or lessons learned in medical policy governing clinical research).

answer: @entity0


abstract: High GH and low @entity2 are well known in @entity3 @entity0 . To delineate this altered GH- @entity2 axis in @entity3 , we investigate the role of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in relation to the metabolic and nutritional states. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty seven @entity0 with @entity3 , mean 13.7 years, were evaluated. Blood samples were obtained before insulin injection and breakfast to test for plasma @entity1 (PG), @entity2 , @entity6 , @entity4 , total and complex @entity5 (tGHBP and cGHBP), and HbA1c. Urine samples were collected in the morning for urinary GH (uGH). The difference between tGHBP and cGHBP is defined as fGHBP. The levels of PG and HbA1C were not correlated with each level of tGHBP, cGHBP, fGHBP or uGH. The levels of tGHBP, cGHBP and fGHBP were not all correlated with uGH. Both the levels of @entity2 and body mass index (BMI) were positively correlated with fGHBP. The duration of @entity3 was negatively correlated with tGHBP, cGHBP and fGHBP. DISCUSSION: As the previous report of the relationship between GH binding reserve to @entity5 and @entity2 or BMI in non-diabetic subjects, fGHBP again showed statistical links with these parameters in @entity3 . We therefore suggest that @entity5 , especially its free form, may reflect a malmetabolic state of @entity3 liver, resulting in an altered GH- @entity2 axis.

title: The involvement of growth hormone-binding protein in altered GH-IGF axis in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: A 5-year ongoing, controlled multicenter study enrolled 150 @entity0 . Outcome measures included @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), quality of life (QOL) and satisfaction questionnaires. Outcome measures during the baseline period were compared to evaluations during follow-up. Concurrent evaluations with and without device use were also performed. Safety evaluations included urinalysis and culture, leak-point pressure (LPP) and cystoscopy. Adverse events (AE) were recorded throughout the study. One to 2 years of follow-up were collected on all study @entity0 (mean 15 months). Statistically significant reductions in overall daily @entity3 episodes (P<0.001) and @entity4 urine loss (P<0.001) were observed with the device at all follow-up intervals, and 93% of @entity0 had a negative @entity4 at 12 months. @entity0 were satisfied with ease of use of the device, comfort and dryness, and significant improvements in QOL were observed (P<0.001). Subgroup analysis revealed that the insert was effective, despite the presence of urgency, low LPP, failed surgery and advanced age. AE included symptomatic @entity2 in 31.3%, mild @entity1 with insertion in 6.7%, @entity5 in 3.3%, and migration in 1.3% of @entity0 . The results of @entity4 and @entity6 demonstrated device efficacy. @entity0 were satisfied and significant improvements in QOL were observed. AE were transient and required minimal or no treatment. The urethral insert should be considered as an option for the management of SUI.

title: Long-term results of the FemSoft urethral insert for the management of female stress urinary XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: CONTEXT: Myofibroblasts are distinct cells with characteristics of both smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. Through their ability to secrete cytokines, chemokines, @entity10 , growth factors, and matrix components, they are thought to play critical roles in @entity2 , growth, repair, and @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to identify the distinct cell populations of the lamina propria of normal colon and @entity4 . DESIGN: We studied the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA), smooth muscle myosin (SMM), @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity8 by intestinal mesenchymal (stromal) cells in the normal colonic mucosa (n = 5), as well as in @entity4 (n = 5), sporadic @entity9 (n = 47), and @entity3 from @entity0 with @entity5 (n = 36). RESULTS: In the normal colonic mucosa, the pericryptal stromal cells were alphaSMA+, SMM+, @entity7 -, and @entity6 +, defining them as myofibroblasts. In contrast, cells of the muscularis mucosae were alphaSMA+, SMM+, @entity7 +, and @entity6 -, defining them as smooth muscle cells. alpha-Smooth muscle actin also highlighted direct connections between the muscularis mucosae and the pericryptal myofibroblasts, and @entity6 immunostaining showed a network of connections between the alphaSMA+ pericryptal myofibroblasts and the alphaSMA- fibroblasts in the interstitium. In all @entity4 and @entity11 , the interstitial stromal cells (fibroblasts) now also express alphaSMA and form a syncytium of alphaSMA+ networklike connections throughout the lamina propria. Stromal cells of sporadic @entity3 demonstrated the same immunohistochemical staining characteristics displayed by @entity3 from @entity0 with @entity5 and by @entity4 . Conclusions.-These findings indicate that in normal colon, alphaSMA- fibroblasts are the predominant cell type in the lamina propria. However, the pericryptal (subepithelial) stromal cells are a distinct cell type (alphaSMA+ myofibroblast) that is immunophenotypically different from muscularis mucosae smooth muscle cells and are connected to the interstitial, nonpericryptal fibroblasts with which they exist as a network throughout the lamina propria of the normal colon. Furthermore, in both hyperplastic and @entity4 , there are changes in nonpericryptal fibroblasts from @entity6 +, alphaSMA-, and SMM- to @entity6 +, alphaSMA+, and SMM+; thus, the interstitial fibroblasts are replaced by myofibroblasts. The factors that cause these changes and the origin of the myofibroblasts need to be determined to clarify the biology of colorectal tumorigenesis.

title: Immunohistochemical study of myofibroblasts in normal colonic mucosa, XXXX , and adenomatous @entity4 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: CONTEXT: Myofibroblasts are distinct cells with characteristics of both smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts. Through their ability to secrete cytokines, chemokines, @entity10 , growth factors, and matrix components, they are thought to play critical roles in @entity2 , growth, repair, and @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to identify the distinct cell populations of the lamina propria of normal colon and @entity4 . DESIGN: We studied the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alphaSMA), smooth muscle myosin (SMM), @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity8 by intestinal mesenchymal (stromal) cells in the normal colonic mucosa (n = 5), as well as in @entity4 (n = 5), sporadic @entity9 (n = 47), and @entity3 from @entity0 with @entity5 (n = 36). RESULTS: In the normal colonic mucosa, the pericryptal stromal cells were alphaSMA+, SMM+, @entity7 -, and @entity6 +, defining them as myofibroblasts. In contrast, cells of the muscularis mucosae were alphaSMA+, SMM+, @entity7 +, and @entity6 -, defining them as smooth muscle cells. alpha-Smooth muscle actin also highlighted direct connections between the muscularis mucosae and the pericryptal myofibroblasts, and @entity6 immunostaining showed a network of connections between the alphaSMA+ pericryptal myofibroblasts and the alphaSMA- fibroblasts in the interstitium. In all @entity4 and @entity11 , the interstitial stromal cells (fibroblasts) now also express alphaSMA and form a syncytium of alphaSMA+ networklike connections throughout the lamina propria. Stromal cells of sporadic @entity3 demonstrated the same immunohistochemical staining characteristics displayed by @entity3 from @entity0 with @entity5 and by @entity4 . Conclusions.-These findings indicate that in normal colon, alphaSMA- fibroblasts are the predominant cell type in the lamina propria. However, the pericryptal (subepithelial) stromal cells are a distinct cell type (alphaSMA+ myofibroblast) that is immunophenotypically different from muscularis mucosae smooth muscle cells and are connected to the interstitial, nonpericryptal fibroblasts with which they exist as a network throughout the lamina propria of the normal colon. Furthermore, in both hyperplastic and @entity4 , there are changes in nonpericryptal fibroblasts from @entity6 +, alphaSMA-, and SMM- to @entity6 +, alphaSMA+, and SMM+; thus, the interstitial fibroblasts are replaced by myofibroblasts. The factors that cause these changes and the origin of the myofibroblasts need to be determined to clarify the biology of colorectal tumorigenesis.

title: Immunohistochemical study of myofibroblasts in normal colonic mucosa, @entity4 , and adenomatous XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Administration of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) to @entity0 undergoing reversible global or focal @entity1 has been demonstrated to be variably neuroprotective. As @entity4 does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, the variability may be due to differences in bioavailability of @entity4 to the @entity1 brain. We have, therefore, quantitated @entity4 levels in blood and brain following intra-carotid injection in @entity0 undergoing permanent right @entity6 using a three-vessel model of focal @entity7 . After 30 min of three-vessel occlusion, @entity4 (10 mg/kg) was injected into the left external carotid artery followed by reversal of the left common carotid artery occlusion. At various times post-injection, blood samples were collected from the vena cava and samples of @entity1 or sham-operated cortex were obtained for @entity4 quantitation by tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using non-linear mixed-effects modeling. @entity4 areas under the curve between normal and @entity2 -induced @entity0 were not significantly different in blood (18355 vs. 19405 ng x h/ml, NS) or in brain tissue (15664 vs. 14931 ng x h/g, NS). These results demonstrate that intra-carotid injection of @entity4 results in high levels in brain (brain-blood ratio from 0.5 to 1). No significant differences in blood and brain exposure were observed between normal and @entity2 -induced @entity0 . Therefore, reduced cerebral blood flow in the @entity1 territory did not limit @entity4 availability to the cortex. In addition, @entity4 intra-carotid administration was neuroprotective following 24 h recovery as there was a significant decrease in the @entity5 area of the affected hemisphere compared to saline injected @entity0 as estimated by TTC staining of viable tissue.

title: @entity3 in blood and brain tissue following intra-carotid injections in normal and XXXX -induced @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Administration of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) to @entity0 undergoing reversible global or focal @entity1 has been demonstrated to be variably neuroprotective. As @entity4 does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, the variability may be due to differences in bioavailability of @entity4 to the @entity1 brain. We have, therefore, quantitated @entity4 levels in blood and brain following intra-carotid injection in @entity0 undergoing permanent right @entity6 using a three-vessel model of focal @entity7 . After 30 min of three-vessel occlusion, @entity4 (10 mg/kg) was injected into the left external carotid artery followed by reversal of the left common carotid artery occlusion. At various times post-injection, blood samples were collected from the vena cava and samples of @entity1 or sham-operated cortex were obtained for @entity4 quantitation by tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using non-linear mixed-effects modeling. @entity4 areas under the curve between normal and @entity2 -induced @entity0 were not significantly different in blood (18355 vs. 19405 ng x h/ml, NS) or in brain tissue (15664 vs. 14931 ng x h/g, NS). These results demonstrate that intra-carotid injection of @entity4 results in high levels in brain (brain-blood ratio from 0.5 to 1). No significant differences in blood and brain exposure were observed between normal and @entity2 -induced @entity0 . Therefore, reduced cerebral blood flow in the @entity1 territory did not limit @entity4 availability to the cortex. In addition, @entity4 intra-carotid administration was neuroprotective following 24 h recovery as there was a significant decrease in the @entity5 area of the affected hemisphere compared to saline injected @entity0 as estimated by TTC staining of viable tissue.

title: XXXX in blood and brain tissue following intra-carotid injections in normal and @entity2 -induced @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Administration of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) to @entity0 undergoing reversible global or focal @entity1 has been demonstrated to be variably neuroprotective. As @entity4 does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier, the variability may be due to differences in bioavailability of @entity4 to the @entity1 brain. We have, therefore, quantitated @entity4 levels in blood and brain following intra-carotid injection in @entity0 undergoing permanent right @entity6 using a three-vessel model of focal @entity7 . After 30 min of three-vessel occlusion, @entity4 (10 mg/kg) was injected into the left external carotid artery followed by reversal of the left common carotid artery occlusion. At various times post-injection, blood samples were collected from the vena cava and samples of @entity1 or sham-operated cortex were obtained for @entity4 quantitation by tandem mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using non-linear mixed-effects modeling. @entity4 areas under the curve between normal and @entity2 -induced @entity0 were not significantly different in blood (18355 vs. 19405 ng x h/ml, NS) or in brain tissue (15664 vs. 14931 ng x h/g, NS). These results demonstrate that intra-carotid injection of @entity4 results in high levels in brain (brain-blood ratio from 0.5 to 1). No significant differences in blood and brain exposure were observed between normal and @entity2 -induced @entity0 . Therefore, reduced cerebral blood flow in the @entity1 territory did not limit @entity4 availability to the cortex. In addition, @entity4 intra-carotid administration was neuroprotective following 24 h recovery as there was a significant decrease in the @entity5 area of the affected hemisphere compared to saline injected @entity0 as estimated by TTC staining of viable tissue.

title: @entity3 in blood and brain tissue following intra-carotid injections in normal and @entity2 -induced XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The role of @entity6 administered via transdermal therapeutic systems in the prevention of @entity4 , @entity2 , and @entity2 and @entity3 is unclear. We performed a systematic search for full reports of randomized comparisons of transdermal @entity6 with inactive control. Dichotomous data were extracted. In the meta-analysis, relative risks and numbers-needed-to-treat/harm were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). In 23 trials, 979 @entity0 received transdermal @entity6 , and 984 @entity0 received placebo. Sensitivity analyses were performed using restricted data for truncated control event rates (40%-80%) and for large trials. With these data, the relative @entity4 (five reports), @entity2 (five reports), @entity2 and @entity3 (eight reports), and rescue treatment (three reports) were 0.69 (95% CI, 0.58-0.82), 0.69 (95% CI, 0.54-0.87), 0.76 (95% CI, 0.66-0.88), and 0.68 (95% CI, 0.54-0.85), respectively. This means that of 100 @entity0 who receive transdermal @entity6 , approximately 17 will not experience @entity4 who would have done so had they all received a placebo. However, 18 of 100 @entity0 will have @entity1 , eight will report @entity5 , two will report dizziness, one will be classified as being agitated, and 1-13 @entity0 who are prescribed transdermal @entity6 will not use it correctly. The timing of application does not alter efficacy. IMPLICATIONS: Of 100 @entity0 who receive transdermal @entity6 , approximately 17 will not vomit in the postoperative period who would have done so had they all received a placebo. However, 18 of 100 @entity0 will have @entity1 , and eight will report @entity5 . Incorrect use further limits its efficacy.

title: The efficacy and safety of transdermal XXXX for the prevention of @entity4 : a quantitative systematic review.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The role of @entity6 administered via transdermal therapeutic systems in the prevention of @entity4 , @entity2 , and @entity2 and @entity3 is unclear. We performed a systematic search for full reports of randomized comparisons of transdermal @entity6 with inactive control. Dichotomous data were extracted. In the meta-analysis, relative risks and numbers-needed-to-treat/harm were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CI). In 23 trials, 979 @entity0 received transdermal @entity6 , and 984 @entity0 received placebo. Sensitivity analyses were performed using restricted data for truncated control event rates (40%-80%) and for large trials. With these data, the relative @entity4 (five reports), @entity2 (five reports), @entity2 and @entity3 (eight reports), and rescue treatment (three reports) were 0.69 (95% CI, 0.58-0.82), 0.69 (95% CI, 0.54-0.87), 0.76 (95% CI, 0.66-0.88), and 0.68 (95% CI, 0.54-0.85), respectively. This means that of 100 @entity0 who receive transdermal @entity6 , approximately 17 will not experience @entity4 who would have done so had they all received a placebo. However, 18 of 100 @entity0 will have @entity1 , eight will report @entity5 , two will report dizziness, one will be classified as being agitated, and 1-13 @entity0 who are prescribed transdermal @entity6 will not use it correctly. The timing of application does not alter efficacy. IMPLICATIONS: Of 100 @entity0 who receive transdermal @entity6 , approximately 17 will not vomit in the postoperative period who would have done so had they all received a placebo. However, 18 of 100 @entity0 will have @entity1 , and eight will report @entity5 . Incorrect use further limits its efficacy.

title: The efficacy and safety of transdermal @entity6 for the prevention of XXXX : a quantitative systematic review.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We attempted to determine which @entity5 receptor subtypes are predominantly involved in antidepressant-induced antinociception. Antinociceptive effects were evaluated by using @entity1 tests with rats. Antidepressants acting as potent inhibitors of @entity3 reuptake ( @entity13 , @entity11 , and @entity12 ) or inhibiting reuptake of both @entity3 and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) ( @entity6 and @entity4 ) induced dose-dependent antinociception. Simultaneous intraperitoneal administration of antidepressants and either @entity7 (alpha(1) antagonist) or @entity14 ( @entity2 (2) antagonist) significantly antagonized antinociceptive effects. @entity9 (selective @entity2 reuptake inhibitor) induced antinociception less potently than other antidepressants and was significantly antagonized by @entity14 , but not @entity7 . Ondansetron ( @entity2 (3) antagonist) significantly antagonized antinociception by 10 mg/kg of @entity6 . In contrast, @entity15 ( @entity2 (4) antagonist) markedly enhanced antinociception by small-dose (2.5 mg/kg) @entity6 . @entity6 -induced antinociception was significantly antagonized by intracerebroventricular administration of @entity7 or @entity14 , but not by @entity8 (alpha(2) antagonist) or @entity10 , and was significantly enhanced by intracerebroventricularly administered SDZ-205,557. These findings suggest that alpha(1) adrenoceptors and @entity2 (2) receptors in the brain are involved in antidepressant-induced antinociception. In addition, the results suggested functional interactions between noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons as mechanisms for antidepressant-induced antinociception. IMPLICATIONS: Formalin tests of @entity0 treated with antidepressants and antagonists of @entity5 receptors indicate that alpha(1) adrenoceptors, @entity2 ( @entity2 )(2) receptors, and @entity2 (3) receptors are involved in antidepressant-induced antinociception, suggesting functional interactions between noradrenergic and serotonergic neurons as mechanisms of antidepressant-induced antinociception.

title: An investigation of XXXX receptors involved in antinociceptive effects of antidepressants.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is important for a laboratory to know the stability of performance of laboratory tests over time. The aim of this study was to adapt from the field of clinical chemistry a method to assess the long-term analytical performance of hemostasis field methods. METHODS: The linear regression model was used to compare the laboratory results with the consensus mean value of a survey. This model was applied to plasma @entity3 activity using the data for 82 laboratories, collected between 1996 and 1999 in the European Concerted Action on @entity0 (ECAT) external quality assessment program. The long-term total, random, and systematic error were calculated. The variables introduced to define the long-term performance in this model were the long-term analytical CV (LCV(a)) and the @entity2 ( @entity2 ), which indicates the minimum difference necessary between two samples measured on a long-term time-scale to consider them statistically significantly different. RESULTS: The systematic error (bias) ranged from 4.5 to 103 units/L. The random error ranged from 24.4 to 242 units/L. For the majority of the laboratories, random error was the main component (>75%) of the total error. The LCV(a), after adjustment for the contribution of the bias, ranged from 2.8% to 48%. The @entity2 ranged from 78 to 1290 units/L with a median value of 190 units/L. No statistically significant differences were observed for either LCV(a) or @entity2 between the two different measurement principles for @entity3 activity based on the inhibition of either thrombin or factor Xa. CONCLUSIONS: This linear regression model is useful for assessing the @entity1 for hemostasis field methods. The LCV(a) and @entity2 for measurement on a long-term time-scale appear to be useful for assessing the long-term analytical performance.

title: Long-term analytical performance of hemostasis field methods as assessed by evaluation of the results of an external quality assessment program for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that supplementing nursery @entity2 diets with a mixture of carbohydrases (CS) will improve @entity2 performance and nutrient digestibility. The CS used in these experiments contained 7 units/g of alpha-1,6-galactosidase, 22 units/g of beta-1,4-mannanase, beta-1,4 mannosidase, and trace amounts of other enzymes. In Exp. 1, 108 @entity2 weaned at d 21 of age were fed one of three diets containing 0 (control), 0.1, or 0.2% CS for 5 wk, based on a three-phase feeding program (1, 2, and 2 wk). Over the entire 35-d period, ADG was not affected (P > 0.05) by treatment, but supplementing 0.1% CS increased (P < 0.05) gain:feed by 9%. Experiment 2 used 10 gilts fitted with simple T-cannula in the terminal ileum at 3 wk of age. After cannulation, @entity2 were fed the same control Phase I and II diets, but the Phase III diet contained either 0 or 0.1% CS. Ileal samples were collected for the 3 d following the 5-d adjustment period during Phase III. Apparent ileal digestibility of GE, @entity0 , @entity4 , and @entity5 was greater (P < 0.05) in the CS diet. In Exp. 3, 90 @entity2 weaned at 21 d of age were fed the same control Phase I and II diets, but the Phase III diet contained either 0 or 0.1% CS. Phase III diets were fed for 3 wk. Average daily gain of the CS group was greater (P < 0.05) than the control group during wk 3. Gain:feed ratio was greater (P < 0.05) for the carbohydrase group during the entire Phase III period. Four @entity2 per treatment were killed at the end of Exp. 3 to measure villus height and to determine the concentration of @entity7 and stachyose in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Average villus height was greater (P < 0.05) in @entity2 fed the CS diet. Carbohydrase supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of @entity8 in freeze-dried digesta from the proximal and distal small intestine. @entity7 concentration, on the other hand, was decreased (P < 0.05) by CS supplementation only in the distal small intestine. These lower concentrations suggest that CS improved the digestibility of @entity3 in @entity1 meal. In conclusion, the addition of CS to Phase I and Phase II nursery diets containing low levels of @entity1 meal did not improve @entity2 performance, but its addition to @entity6 - @entity1 meal-based Phase III nursery diets improved gain:feed ratio and energy and AA digestibility.

title: Use of carbohydrases in @entity6 - XXXX meal-based nursery diets.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Three experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that supplementing nursery @entity2 diets with a mixture of carbohydrases (CS) will improve @entity2 performance and nutrient digestibility. The CS used in these experiments contained 7 units/g of alpha-1,6-galactosidase, 22 units/g of beta-1,4-mannanase, beta-1,4 mannosidase, and trace amounts of other enzymes. In Exp. 1, 108 @entity2 weaned at d 21 of age were fed one of three diets containing 0 (control), 0.1, or 0.2% CS for 5 wk, based on a three-phase feeding program (1, 2, and 2 wk). Over the entire 35-d period, ADG was not affected (P > 0.05) by treatment, but supplementing 0.1% CS increased (P < 0.05) gain:feed by 9%. Experiment 2 used 10 gilts fitted with simple T-cannula in the terminal ileum at 3 wk of age. After cannulation, @entity2 were fed the same control Phase I and II diets, but the Phase III diet contained either 0 or 0.1% CS. Ileal samples were collected for the 3 d following the 5-d adjustment period during Phase III. Apparent ileal digestibility of GE, @entity0 , @entity4 , and @entity5 was greater (P < 0.05) in the CS diet. In Exp. 3, 90 @entity2 weaned at 21 d of age were fed the same control Phase I and II diets, but the Phase III diet contained either 0 or 0.1% CS. Phase III diets were fed for 3 wk. Average daily gain of the CS group was greater (P < 0.05) than the control group during wk 3. Gain:feed ratio was greater (P < 0.05) for the carbohydrase group during the entire Phase III period. Four @entity2 per treatment were killed at the end of Exp. 3 to measure villus height and to determine the concentration of @entity7 and stachyose in different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Average villus height was greater (P < 0.05) in @entity2 fed the CS diet. Carbohydrase supplementation decreased (P < 0.05) the concentration of @entity8 in freeze-dried digesta from the proximal and distal small intestine. @entity7 concentration, on the other hand, was decreased (P < 0.05) by CS supplementation only in the distal small intestine. These lower concentrations suggest that CS improved the digestibility of @entity3 in @entity1 meal. In conclusion, the addition of CS to Phase I and Phase II nursery diets containing low levels of @entity1 meal did not improve @entity2 performance, but its addition to @entity6 - @entity1 meal-based Phase III nursery diets improved gain:feed ratio and energy and AA digestibility.

title: Use of carbohydrases in XXXX - @entity1 meal-based nursery diets.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Renal sensory responses and reflex function were examined in @entity1 24 h after 45 min of @entity2 caused by unilateral @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The integrity of renal pelvic mechanoreceptor (MRu)-mediated renorenal reflex was examined. An @entity0 (ARNA) and a reflex decrease in efferent @entity0 (ERNA) and contralateral diuresis and natriuresis produced by increasing the intrapelvic pressure were seen in sham-operated (Sham) @entity1 , but it was largely attenuated in @entity3 @entity1 . Using single-fiber recordings of the renal MRu discharge, graded increases in intrapelvic pressure or renal pelvic administration of substance @entity5 ) resulted in pressure- or concentration-dependent increases in ARNA in the control kidney of Sham @entity1 , whereas attenuated responses were seen in the postischemic kidney of @entity3 @entity1 . The unresponsiveness of renal MRus in @entity3 @entity1 was accompanied by an insufficient release of SP. However, the baseline SP release is higher in @entity3 kidneys due to a reduced @entity4 ( @entity4 ) activity in the @entity0 . No changes in @entity6 mRNA levels were demonstrated; however, the expression of NK-1 receptors in the plasma membrane of @entity3 pelvis were decreased, possibly resulting from the internalization of the receptors associated with beta-arrestin trafficking. Renal excretory responses after saline loading were significantly lower in the postischemic kidney of @entity3 @entity1 than in Sham @entity1 . Responses of ARNA and ERNA were also lower. It is concluded that the defective activation of renal sensory mechanoreceptors in the postischemic kidney results from an inadequate release of SP after mechanostimulation and the reduced functional NK-1 receptors.

title: Impaired renal sensory responses after XXXX in the @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Renal sensory responses and reflex function were examined in @entity1 24 h after 45 min of @entity2 caused by unilateral @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The integrity of renal pelvic mechanoreceptor (MRu)-mediated renorenal reflex was examined. An @entity0 (ARNA) and a reflex decrease in efferent @entity0 (ERNA) and contralateral diuresis and natriuresis produced by increasing the intrapelvic pressure were seen in sham-operated (Sham) @entity1 , but it was largely attenuated in @entity3 @entity1 . Using single-fiber recordings of the renal MRu discharge, graded increases in intrapelvic pressure or renal pelvic administration of substance @entity5 ) resulted in pressure- or concentration-dependent increases in ARNA in the control kidney of Sham @entity1 , whereas attenuated responses were seen in the postischemic kidney of @entity3 @entity1 . The unresponsiveness of renal MRus in @entity3 @entity1 was accompanied by an insufficient release of SP. However, the baseline SP release is higher in @entity3 kidneys due to a reduced @entity4 ( @entity4 ) activity in the @entity0 . No changes in @entity6 mRNA levels were demonstrated; however, the expression of NK-1 receptors in the plasma membrane of @entity3 pelvis were decreased, possibly resulting from the internalization of the receptors associated with beta-arrestin trafficking. Renal excretory responses after saline loading were significantly lower in the postischemic kidney of @entity3 @entity1 than in Sham @entity1 . Responses of ARNA and ERNA were also lower. It is concluded that the defective activation of renal sensory mechanoreceptors in the postischemic kidney results from an inadequate release of SP after mechanostimulation and the reduced functional NK-1 receptors.

title: Impaired renal sensory responses after @entity0 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 during and after thoracoabdominal aortic cross-clamping continues to be a major problem. Somatosensory and motor evoked potentials have been used to monitor spinal cord function but their value for predicting @entity3 has been controversial. The aim of this study was to measure biochemical markers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and correlate changes with @entity6 . Since neural tissue utilizes only @entity2 as substrate for its metabolism and energy supply, we measured changes of metabolites of anaerobe glycolysis. In a @entity1 model in which general anesthesia was used, the thoracoabdominal aorta was cross-clamped proximally and distally for 60 min. Hemodynamic parameters, blood gases, and @entity2 level were monitored continuously. Blood and CSF sampling were performed at baseline, at 15, 30, and 55 min during cross-clamping, and at 5 and 15 min after aortic declamping. Levels of @entity5 (1.7 +/- 0.1 to 3.2 +/- 0.3 mmol/L), pCO2 (43 +/- 2 to 35 +/- 1.6 mmHg), and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) (5.17 +/- 0.5 to 13.0 +/- 3.5 mg/L) in CSF showed significant changes (p < 0.05) during clamping and reperfusion. Changes in CSF @entity5 and NSE levels correlate with the duration of @entity6 . These markers of @entity0 metabolism appear suitable to monitor the degree of @entity6 during thoracoabdominal cross-clamping and may be useful to predict the efficacy of preventive methods.

title: Biochemical alterations in cerebrospinal fluid during thoracoabdominal aortic cross-clamping in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Although rare, splenic @entity2 (SAAs) have a definite risk of @entity1 . The optimal management of these @entity3 remains elusive. A retrospective chart review of all @entity0 treated at our institutions with the diagnosis of @entity4 from January 1980 until December 1998 was undertaken. Follow-up was obtained via chart review and by direct phone contact of the @entity0 or relative. No specific protocol was followed for management. From analysis of the @entity0 data we concluded that although SAAs may @entity1 , not all intact @entity3 need intervention. Calcification does not appear to protect against @entity1 , although beta-blockade may be protective. Growth rates of @entity4 are slow and growth is infrequent. Selective management of SAAs is safe. Open ligation or transcatheter embolization should be considered for symptomatic @entity3 , for @entity3 > or = 2 cm in size, or for any @entity4 in @entity0 of childbearing years.

title: XXXX : two decades experience at Mayo clinic.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Classical radical cystectomy for invasive @entity3 removes the urinary bladder and prostate completely and was associated with high incidence of post-operative @entity6 and @entity5 . It is uncertain whether prostate excision has any effects on the prognosis of @entity0 undergone cystectomy if the prostate is not involved by the @entity2 . Sparing the prostate in radical cystectomy might improve potency and urinary control. This paper was to report our experience of sparing partial prostate in radical cystectomy for ten male @entity0 . METHOD: Transurethral resection of the prostate and radical cystectomy with sparing partial prostatic capsula were carried out in 10 male @entity0 with @entity4 . Intestinal neobladder, anastomosed with the residual capsula, were used for reconstruction of the lower urinary tract. Clinical outcome of these @entity0 including @entity2 control,urinary continence, and sexual status was evaluated. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 9 months (range 3-12 months). Postoperative pathological stage was T2N0M0 in all @entity0 . Nine @entity0 survived free of disease. One @entity0 who had recurrence of poorly differentiated @entity7 developed @entity1 in bone and lymph nodes two months after cystectomy. All @entity0 voided smoothly. Nine @entity0 were continent day and night. One @entity0 had mild @entity5 . Of 8 @entity0 with previously sexual function, 6 maintained potency. CONCLUSION: Satisfactory urinary control and sexual potency could be achieved in radical cystectomy with sparing partial prostate. Further study is needed about the long-term effects of sparing prostate in cystectomy on @entity2 control.

title: [Radical cystectomy with sparing partial prostate for invasive XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: There is a controversy in selecting either radiotherapy plus surgery reserved as salvage (Salvage S) or the planned surgery plus preoperative radiotherapy (Planned R+S) as the treatment modality for the @entity3 . Among stage III- IV @entity0 , the @entity2 size and the lymph node @entity1 were insufficient as the prognostic predictors. The authors retrospectively reviewed the @entity0 with this disease who were treated in Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences to analyze the indications and prognosis of the two treatments. METHODS: A total of 108 @entity0 with biopsy-proven @entity3 were reviewed from 1984 to 2000. The @entity0 were divided into Salvage S group (group A, 83 cases) and Planned R+S group (group B, 25 cases). Treatment outcome and the surgery related oral dysfunctions were compared in the two groups. The relationship between the response to radiotherapy and the survival rate was analyzed. RESULTS: The composite resection that led to oral dysfunction was undertaken for 20 (24.1%) of group A @entity0 and for 22 (88.0%) of group B @entity0 . The 5-year survival rates were 59.3% and 55.4% in group A and group B @entity0 , respectively (P=0.706). The 5-year survival rates were 73.0% and 76.9% in the @entity0 whose lymph nodes and surgical specimen showed obvious response to radiotherapy,respectively. CONCLUSION: The two treatment modalities reached similar survivals. However, compared with the planned surgery, 60% of composite resection would be withdrawn if surgery reserved as salvage, being benefit to the oral function. The responses to radiotherapy in the lymph nodes and the surgical specimen were good predictors of prognosis.

title: [Retrospective analysis of effectiveness of XXXX : report of 108 cases].

answer: @entity3