abstract: Immunohistochemical stains for ABH blood group antigens were recently shown to be useful ancillary tools for sorting out specimen mix-ups in surgical pathology, irrespective of the fixatives used. However, the effects of @entity4 on the expression of these antigens are not known. Therefore, to examine the validity of using ABH blood group immunohistochemistry in decalcified tissues, we studied the immunohistochemical expression of ABH blood group antigens in B5-fixed, decalcified, @entity1 -embedded archival bone marrow specimens from 43 consecutive @entity0 (13 blood group A, 6 group B, 20 group O, and 4 group AB). Immunohistochemical staining for A, B, and H blood group antigens was performed with monoclonal antibodies and an avidin- @entity3 detection method with @entity2 antigen retrieval. The results of immunohistochemistry were correlated with @entity0 ' blood groups as determined by serology. Immunohistochemical expression of the A and B blood group antigens with good staining intensity was detected in erythrocytes and endothelial cells. The immunoreactivity for H blood group antigen was attenuated by the @entity4 process and could not be enhanced with @entity2 antigen retrieval. However, in all 43 cases, the A and B antigen staining pattern was concordant with @entity0 ' blood groups as determined with serology. These results show that @entity4 does not have adverse effects on immunohistochemical expression of the A and B blood group antigens in tissue sections but may nullify the expression of H isoantigen. However, based on A and B immunoreactivity patterns, immunostaining for ABH blood group antigens can be helpful in resolving problems of specimen mix-ups and tissue floaters in decalcified specimens.

title: Effect of XXXX on the immunohistochemical expression of ABH blood group isoantigens.

answer: @entity4


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Experimental, controlled, randomized, and paired study. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate regenerative effect of stem cell therapy on the vertebral endplate and introduce dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity2 ( @entity2 ) as a tool in the investigation of endplate function. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The vertebral endplate plays a crucial role in nutritional supply to the intervertebral disc. Estimation of endplate function is an important parameter in future biologic therapy of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: Four-level @entity1 was induced in each of 15 Gottingen minipigs. Percutaneous intradiscal injection of two hydrogels (Zimmer Biologics Inc, Austin, TX) and one loaded with stem cells was used as single interventions after 12 weeks. Total observation time was 24 weeks. @entity2 was performed before the initiation of treatment and killing of animals. RESULTS: Three animals were excluded because of @entity0 . Stem cell and hydrogel treatment had significantly higher T2 values, relative vertebral blood flow and volume, as well as lower Pfirrmann scores when compared with degenerative controls. No statistical differences were found compared to normal controls. CONCLUSION: Stem cell and hydrogel therapy is able to partly regenerate @entity1 and maintain perfusion and permeability of the vertebral endplate and subchondral bone. Dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity2 may become an important tool in future investigation of the vertebral endplate.

title: Autologous stem cell therapy maintains vertebral blood flow and contrast diffusion through the endplate in experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: G-protein b-polypeptide 3 ( @entity6 ) is a b subunit isoform of G-protein that plays important role in signal transduction of membrane G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The @entity6 splice variant @entity5 ( @entity7 ) is associated with risk for essential @entity1 (EH) and efficacy of therapeutic drugs targeting GPCRs. It is unknown whether the polymorphism is associated with blood pressure (BP) response to @entity3 or @entity2 , two widely prescribed antihypertensive drugs. METHODS: A total of 93 subjects initially diagnosed as EH were recruited and underwent a 4-week treatment with @entity3 (42 @entity0 ) or @entity2 (51 @entity0 ) monotherapy. Both baseline and after-treatment BP were measured. @entity6 @entity5 polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: Baseline @entity4 (DBP) were comparable among @entity5 genotypes in both @entity3 and @entity2 treatment groups. @entity0 with the CT or TT genotypes showed significantly lower body mass index (BMI) as compared with CC homozygotes in both groups (P < 0.05, respectively). @entity6 825TT homozygotes showed significantly higher after-treatment DBP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) than those carrying at least one 825C allele (P < 0.01) in the @entity3 treatment group. No difference in after-treatment @entity4 , DBP, and MAP levels among @entity5 genotypes was observed in the @entity2 treatment group. No significant difference in absolute changes in BP levels was observed among the genotypes in either treatment group. CONCLUSION: The @entity6 @entity5 splice variant is associated with the DBP-lowering effect of @entity3 but not @entity2 in Chinese EH @entity0 .

title: Influence of G-protein b-Polypeptide 3 @entity5 Polymorphism on Antihypertensive Response to XXXX and @entity2 in Chinese @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: G-protein b-polypeptide 3 ( @entity6 ) is a b subunit isoform of G-protein that plays important role in signal transduction of membrane G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The @entity6 splice variant @entity5 ( @entity7 ) is associated with risk for essential @entity1 (EH) and efficacy of therapeutic drugs targeting GPCRs. It is unknown whether the polymorphism is associated with blood pressure (BP) response to @entity3 or @entity2 , two widely prescribed antihypertensive drugs. METHODS: A total of 93 subjects initially diagnosed as EH were recruited and underwent a 4-week treatment with @entity3 (42 @entity0 ) or @entity2 (51 @entity0 ) monotherapy. Both baseline and after-treatment BP were measured. @entity6 @entity5 polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: Baseline @entity4 (DBP) were comparable among @entity5 genotypes in both @entity3 and @entity2 treatment groups. @entity0 with the CT or TT genotypes showed significantly lower body mass index (BMI) as compared with CC homozygotes in both groups (P < 0.05, respectively). @entity6 825TT homozygotes showed significantly higher after-treatment DBP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) than those carrying at least one 825C allele (P < 0.01) in the @entity3 treatment group. No difference in after-treatment @entity4 , DBP, and MAP levels among @entity5 genotypes was observed in the @entity2 treatment group. No significant difference in absolute changes in BP levels was observed among the genotypes in either treatment group. CONCLUSION: The @entity6 @entity5 splice variant is associated with the DBP-lowering effect of @entity3 but not @entity2 in Chinese EH @entity0 .

title: Influence of G-protein b-Polypeptide 3 @entity5 Polymorphism on Antihypertensive Response to @entity3 and XXXX in Chinese @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: G-protein b-polypeptide 3 ( @entity6 ) is a b subunit isoform of G-protein that plays important role in signal transduction of membrane G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The @entity6 splice variant @entity5 ( @entity7 ) is associated with risk for essential @entity1 (EH) and efficacy of therapeutic drugs targeting GPCRs. It is unknown whether the polymorphism is associated with blood pressure (BP) response to @entity3 or @entity2 , two widely prescribed antihypertensive drugs. METHODS: A total of 93 subjects initially diagnosed as EH were recruited and underwent a 4-week treatment with @entity3 (42 @entity0 ) or @entity2 (51 @entity0 ) monotherapy. Both baseline and after-treatment BP were measured. @entity6 @entity5 polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: Baseline @entity4 (DBP) were comparable among @entity5 genotypes in both @entity3 and @entity2 treatment groups. @entity0 with the CT or TT genotypes showed significantly lower body mass index (BMI) as compared with CC homozygotes in both groups (P < 0.05, respectively). @entity6 825TT homozygotes showed significantly higher after-treatment DBP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) than those carrying at least one 825C allele (P < 0.01) in the @entity3 treatment group. No difference in after-treatment @entity4 , DBP, and MAP levels among @entity5 genotypes was observed in the @entity2 treatment group. No significant difference in absolute changes in BP levels was observed among the genotypes in either treatment group. CONCLUSION: The @entity6 @entity5 splice variant is associated with the DBP-lowering effect of @entity3 but not @entity2 in Chinese EH @entity0 .

title: Influence of G-protein b-Polypeptide 3 XXXX Polymorphism on Antihypertensive Response to @entity3 and @entity2 in Chinese @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: G-protein b-polypeptide 3 ( @entity6 ) is a b subunit isoform of G-protein that plays important role in signal transduction of membrane G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). The @entity6 splice variant @entity5 ( @entity7 ) is associated with risk for essential @entity1 (EH) and efficacy of therapeutic drugs targeting GPCRs. It is unknown whether the polymorphism is associated with blood pressure (BP) response to @entity3 or @entity2 , two widely prescribed antihypertensive drugs. METHODS: A total of 93 subjects initially diagnosed as EH were recruited and underwent a 4-week treatment with @entity3 (42 @entity0 ) or @entity2 (51 @entity0 ) monotherapy. Both baseline and after-treatment BP were measured. @entity6 @entity5 polymorphism was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. RESULTS: Baseline @entity4 (DBP) were comparable among @entity5 genotypes in both @entity3 and @entity2 treatment groups. @entity0 with the CT or TT genotypes showed significantly lower body mass index (BMI) as compared with CC homozygotes in both groups (P < 0.05, respectively). @entity6 825TT homozygotes showed significantly higher after-treatment DBP and mean arterial pressure (MAP) than those carrying at least one 825C allele (P < 0.01) in the @entity3 treatment group. No difference in after-treatment @entity4 , DBP, and MAP levels among @entity5 genotypes was observed in the @entity2 treatment group. No significant difference in absolute changes in BP levels was observed among the genotypes in either treatment group. CONCLUSION: The @entity6 @entity5 splice variant is associated with the DBP-lowering effect of @entity3 but not @entity2 in Chinese EH @entity0 .

title: Influence of G-protein b-Polypeptide 3 @entity5 Polymorphism on Antihypertensive Response to @entity3 and @entity2 in Chinese XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Genetic variation plays a crucial role in modification of normal or disease pathophysiology. @entity9 ( @entity9 ) signaling is necessary for normal development and function of the ovaries and testes. Here, we review the associations between @entity9 polymorphisms and fertility or subfertility. RECENT FINDINGS: @entity9 polymorphisms consist of single @entity4 changes within the coding and regulatory regions and/or alternatively spliced products. Most of the investigations focused on two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding region of the receptor, which result in @entity5 changes (p.307Thr/Ala, @entity8 ). In @entity0 , these SNPs were associated with variable response to ovarian stimulation with FSH during @entity3 treatment. Not all studies revealed an association, and those that did showed a small effect. Alternative splice variants of the receptor affecting the extracellular domain without causing a frameshift have been found in @entity0 undergoing ovarian stimulation, and in infertile @entity0 . Associations with @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity2 , and @entity1 found small effect. SUMMARY: The identification of @entity9 variants in a select @entity3 @entity0 population has significant clinical implications in demonstrating a possible genetic cause to female @entity3 and improves our understanding of the genetic basis of @entity3 as a whole. Pharmacogenomics is a new field aiming to devise individualized treatments for disorders based on the genetic signature of the @entity0 .

title: Impact of XXXX variants in fertility.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Super-oxidised waters, particularly @entity1 (  ), have been suggested for the disinfection of dental unit water lines and dental impression materials owing to their antimicrobial efficacy. One of the previously suggested characteristics is their short shelf life. The purpose of this investigation was to understand the effect of storage conditions on @entity1 (  )'s stability. Eight bottles (four completely full, four half-full) of freshly prepared solution were divided into four groups and subsequently stored by being either exposed to or protected from sunlight. The @entity0 concentration was monitored using @entity0 test strips until the concentration reached zero, or until the thirteenth week. Statistically significant differences between the groups exposed to sunlight and the non-exposed groups (p <0.001) were found. The mean loss of @entity0 per day for the non-exposed samples was 1.01 mg/L, whilst the mean for the exposed samples was 2.42 mg/L. The presence of air did not affect the @entity0 decomposition in the bottles. The results of this investigation indicate that when the solution is exposed to sunlight, the decrease of @entity0 starts at day 4, whilst for the groups sheltered from sunlight, the process started after day 14. Therefore, @entity1 (  ) solutions appear to be more stable than previously surmised.

title: Some factors influencing the stability of XXXX (  ), a super-oxidised water.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a @entity1 unique to @entity0 that is known to cause maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Between 5-7% of all pregnancies are affected by @entity2 and it is responsible for approximately 50,000 maternal deaths annually. The pathogenesis of @entity2 remains poorly understood. However, the results of this study indicated that insufficient decidualization plays a significant role. @entity7 and @entity4 are orphan members of the @entity7 subfamily of nuclear receptors and are involved in @entity0 follicular development, female reproduction, steroidogenesis, and decidualization. The expression of @entity7 and @entity4 in the @entity0 decidua and their functions during decidualization were investigated using in vitro cultured cells by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and siRNA techniques. The results demonstrated that the levels of @entity4 mRNA and protein in the decidual tissues of @entity0 with @entity2 were lower than those of normal pregnant @entity0 . However, the levels of @entity7 mRNA and protein did not significantly differ between groups. The expression of @entity4 was upregulated after in vitro decidualization, but the expression of @entity7 remained low and showed no difference compared with that of the control cells. Knocking down of @entity4 in @entity0 endometrial stromal cells (hESC) resulted in a significant reduction in their expression of decidualization markers ( @entity5 and PRL) and signaling pathway molecules ( @entity6 and @entity3 ) (P < 0.05). From these data, we concluded that @entity4 is pivotal for the decidualization of decidual tissues and cultured @entity0 endometrial stromal cells. Disorders of the endometrium in decidual tissues may be associated with the abnormal decidualization thought to cause @entity2 .

title: Dysfunction of @entity4 in Decidua: Possible Relevance to the Pathogenesis of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a @entity1 unique to @entity0 that is known to cause maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity. Between 5-7% of all pregnancies are affected by @entity2 and it is responsible for approximately 50,000 maternal deaths annually. The pathogenesis of @entity2 remains poorly understood. However, the results of this study indicated that insufficient decidualization plays a significant role. @entity7 and @entity4 are orphan members of the @entity7 subfamily of nuclear receptors and are involved in @entity0 follicular development, female reproduction, steroidogenesis, and decidualization. The expression of @entity7 and @entity4 in the @entity0 decidua and their functions during decidualization were investigated using in vitro cultured cells by real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and siRNA techniques. The results demonstrated that the levels of @entity4 mRNA and protein in the decidual tissues of @entity0 with @entity2 were lower than those of normal pregnant @entity0 . However, the levels of @entity7 mRNA and protein did not significantly differ between groups. The expression of @entity4 was upregulated after in vitro decidualization, but the expression of @entity7 remained low and showed no difference compared with that of the control cells. Knocking down of @entity4 in @entity0 endometrial stromal cells (hESC) resulted in a significant reduction in their expression of decidualization markers ( @entity5 and PRL) and signaling pathway molecules ( @entity6 and @entity3 ) (P < 0.05). From these data, we concluded that @entity4 is pivotal for the decidualization of decidual tissues and cultured @entity0 endometrial stromal cells. Disorders of the endometrium in decidual tissues may be associated with the abnormal decidualization thought to cause @entity2 .

title: Dysfunction of XXXX in Decidua: Possible Relevance to the Pathogenesis of @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Light microscope autoradiography was utilized to investigate the separate proliferative activities of the basal and glandular cell types during @entity3 -mediated restoration of the ventral prostatic epithelium in castrated @entity1 . Our objective was to determine whether the proliferative population of the prostatic epithelium is restricted to the basal cell subtype under these experimental conditions. In the intact animal, substantial numbers of basal as well as glandular cells were found to be proliferating. The basal cell @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was 3.75% +/- 0.3% or 1.85 +/- 0.4 x 10(5) labeled cells per prostate. For the glandular cells the comparable figures were 0.38% and 3.32 +/- 1.5 x 10(5). Seven days after surgical castration, both subtypes persisted. However, only the numbers of glandular cells were found to be significantly reduced (66% decrease). When @entity6 were replaced by daily subcutaneous injection ( @entity5 , 2 mg/0.2 ml @entity7 oil), both cell types responded with significantly increased proliferation. The temporal pattern of response displayed by each cell type was very similar. A greater proportion of basal than glandular cells responded, ie, 28% vs 11% @entity4 . However, in terms of approximate numbers of cells labeled during the peak response, the value for the glandular cells was larger, @entity0 .4 vs 1.1 x 10(6) labeled cells. These data clearly indicate that under normal conditions as well as during @entity2 stimulation, basal cells are not the sole population of proliferating cells in the prostatic epithelium. Thus, basal cells, as a distinct morphologic population, are not homogeneously undifferentiated stem cells which give rise to differentiated and nonproliferating glandular epithelial cells. Aspects of these data can nevertheless be interpreted to support the idea that the prostatic epithelium is maintained by a single cell lineage system in which the stem cells comprise a subpopulation of the basal cells. Alternatively, the two populations may be separate and distinct as no data are presented which unequivocally links the two cell types in a precursor-progeny relationship.

title: Response of glandular versus basal @entity1 ventral prostatic epithelial cells to XXXX withdrawal and replacement.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Light microscope autoradiography was utilized to investigate the separate proliferative activities of the basal and glandular cell types during @entity3 -mediated restoration of the ventral prostatic epithelium in castrated @entity1 . Our objective was to determine whether the proliferative population of the prostatic epithelium is restricted to the basal cell subtype under these experimental conditions. In the intact animal, substantial numbers of basal as well as glandular cells were found to be proliferating. The basal cell @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was 3.75% +/- 0.3% or 1.85 +/- 0.4 x 10(5) labeled cells per prostate. For the glandular cells the comparable figures were 0.38% and 3.32 +/- 1.5 x 10(5). Seven days after surgical castration, both subtypes persisted. However, only the numbers of glandular cells were found to be significantly reduced (66% decrease). When @entity6 were replaced by daily subcutaneous injection ( @entity5 , 2 mg/0.2 ml @entity7 oil), both cell types responded with significantly increased proliferation. The temporal pattern of response displayed by each cell type was very similar. A greater proportion of basal than glandular cells responded, ie, 28% vs 11% @entity4 . However, in terms of approximate numbers of cells labeled during the peak response, the value for the glandular cells was larger, @entity0 .4 vs 1.1 x 10(6) labeled cells. These data clearly indicate that under normal conditions as well as during @entity2 stimulation, basal cells are not the sole population of proliferating cells in the prostatic epithelium. Thus, basal cells, as a distinct morphologic population, are not homogeneously undifferentiated stem cells which give rise to differentiated and nonproliferating glandular epithelial cells. Aspects of these data can nevertheless be interpreted to support the idea that the prostatic epithelium is maintained by a single cell lineage system in which the stem cells comprise a subpopulation of the basal cells. Alternatively, the two populations may be separate and distinct as no data are presented which unequivocally links the two cell types in a precursor-progeny relationship.

title: Response of glandular versus basal XXXX ventral prostatic epithelial cells to @entity3 withdrawal and replacement.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity2 ) have a poor prognosis. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate whether @entity3 ( @entity3 ) followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 has additional benefit or harm compared to standard chemotherapy. METHODS: Systematic literature searches were performed in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library. All databases were searched from inception to February 2010. PubMed was searched in June 2010 for a last update. In addition to randomized and non-randomized controlled trials, case series and case reports were included to complement results from scant data. The primary outcome was overall survival. A meta-analysis was performed using the hazard ratio as primary effect measure, which was estimated from Cox proportional hazard models or from summary statistics of Kaplan Meier product-limit estimations. RESULTS: A total of 40 studies with 287 transplant @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 (age range 0 to 32 years) were included in the assessment. We identified 3 non-randomized controlled trials. The 3-year overall survival ranged from 22% to 53% in the transplant groups vs. 18% to 55% in the control groups. Meta-analysis on overall survival in controlled trials showed no difference between treatments. Result of meta-analysis of pooled individual survival data of case series and case reports, and results from uncontrolled studies with aggregate data were in the range of those from controlled data. The risk of bias was high in all studies due to methodological flaws. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 followed by autologous HSCT in @entity0 with @entity2 remains an experimental treatment. At present, it does not appear justifiable to use this treatment except in appropriately designed controlled trials.

title: High-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation for XXXX --a systematic review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an extensive critical care literature for central @entity1 , duration of catheterization, and compliance with @entity0 control procedures. The emergency medicine literature, however, contains very little data on central venous catheters and arterial lines. As emergency medicine practice continues to incorporate greater numbers of critical care procedures such as central venous catheter placement, @entity0 control is becoming a greater issue. AIMS: We performed a systematic review of studies reporting baseline data of ED-placed central venous catheters and arterial lines using multiple search methods. METHODS: Two reviewers independently assessed included studies using explicit criteria, including the use of ED-placed invasive lines, the presence of central line-associated @entity0 , and excluded case reports and review articles. Finding significant heterogeneity among studies, we performed a qualitative assessment. RESULTS: Our search produced 504 abstracts, of which 15 studies were evaluated, and 4 studies were excluded because of quality issues leaving 11 cohort studies. Four studies calculated @entity0 rates, ranging 0-24.1/1,000 catheter-days for central line-associated and 0-32.8/1,000 catheter-days for central line-related @entity0 . Average duration of catheterization was 4.9  days (range 1.6-14.1  days), and compliance with @entity0 control procedures was 33-96.5%. The data were too poor to compare emergency department to in-hospital @entity2 rates. CONCLUSIONS: The existing data for emergency department-placed invasive lines are poor, but suggest they are a source of @entity0 , remain in place for a significant period of time, and that adherence to maximum barrier precautions is poor. Obtaining accurate rates of @entity0 and comparison between emergency department and inpatient lines requires prospective study.

title: Systematic review of emergency department central venous and arterial XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 -dependent cytolysins are a family of poreforming proteins that have been shown to be virulence factors for a large number of pathogenic bacteria. The mechanism of pore formation for these toxins involves a complex series of events that are known to include binding, oligomerization, and insertion of a transmembrane beta-barrel. Several features of this mechanism remain poorly understood and controversial. Whereas a prepore mechanism has been proposed for @entity3 , a very different mechanism has been proposed for the homologous member of the family, streptolysin O. To distinguish between the two models, a novel approach that directly measures the dimension of transmembranes pores was used. Pore formation itself was examined for both cytolysins by encapsulating @entity1 -labeled peptides and proteins of different sizes into liposomes. When these liposomes were re-suspended in a solution containing anti- @entity1 antibodies, toxin-mediated pore formation was monitored directly by the quenching of @entity1 emission as the encapsulated molecules were released, and the dyes were bound by the antibodies. The analysis of pore formation determined using this approach reveals that only large pores are produced by @entity3 and streptolysin O during insertion (and not small pores that grow in size). These results are consistent only with the formation of a prepore complex intermediate prior to insertion of the transmembrane beta-barrel into the bilayer. Fluorescence quenching experiments also revealed that @entity2 in the prepore complex contacts the membrane via domain 4, and that the individual transmembrane beta-hairpins in domain 3 are not exposed to the nonpolar core of the bilayer at this intermediate stage.

title: Assembly and topography of the prepore complex in XXXX -dependent cytolysins.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This was a prospective study of the effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on @entity7 , including dose-response relationships using self-report and a bioassay of @entity3 exposure. METHODS: The sample included 27 @entity3 exposed and 29 unexposed full-term newborn @entity0 with no medical problems from comparable social class backgrounds. Mothers were excluded for using illegal drugs during pregnancy, using antidepressant medication, or if they consumed >3 alcoholic drinks per month. @entity3 exposure was determined by maternal self-report and @entity6 in maternal saliva. The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) was administered by masked examiners in hospital to measure neurobehavioral function. NNNS scores were compared between @entity3 -exposed and -unexposed groups including adjustment for covariates. Dose-response relationships with NNNS scores were computed for maternal salivary cotinine and maternal report of number of cigarettes per day during pregnancy. RESULTS: After adjustment for covariates, the @entity2 -exposed @entity0 were more excitable and @entity5 , required more handling and showed more stress/abstinence signs, specifically in the central nervous system (CNS), @entity1 . Dose-response relationships showed higher maternal salivary cotinine values related to more stress/abstinence signs (r =.530) including CNS (r =.532) and visual stress (r =.688) and higher excitability scores (r =.617). Cigarettes per day during pregnancy was related to more stress/abstinence signs (r =.582) including CNS (r =.561) and visual stress (r =.640). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest @entity4 effects of prenatal @entity2 exposure on @entity7 . Dose-response relationships could indicate neonatal withdrawal from @entity3 . Research directed at understanding the effects of cigarette smoking during pregnancy on @entity0 can lead to improved public health outcome.

title: Smoking during pregnancy and XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The efficacy of @entity5 , @entity2 , and @entity4 in preventing @entity3 in bobwhite quail was studied using a mixed inoculum of equal numbers of Eimeria dispersa and E. lettyae. A total dosage per quail of 10(6) sporulated oocysts was chosen because this dosage gave a good (77%) @entity0 of @entity1 from Day 18 to Day 24. Levels of .008% @entity2 or .0055% @entity4 were the most effective for prevention of @entity3 as evaluated by body weight gains. These levels significantly reduced parasite numbers in the duodenum with @entity2 administration and in both the duodenum and ileum with @entity4 administration. @entity2 reduced parasite numbers in the illeum significantly in one experiment and in a second. Amprolium was ineffective for prevention of @entity3 , as evaluated by body weight gains. Amprolium was also ineffective in consistently reducing parasite numbers in the duodenum and ileum. Both @entity2 and @entity4 had a reasonable safety margin in quail. Levels of @entity2 of .016%, twice the proposed level, significantly reduced body weight at 14 days of age compared with unmedicated controls or quail given .008% @entity2 . By 28 days, however, this effect was no longer significant. Levels of @entity4 at the proposed level of .0055% significantly reduced body weight at 14 days of age compared with unmedicated controls. By 28 days, however, this effect was no longer significant in quail given .0055% or .00825% @entity4 , although in quail fed .011% @entity4 body weights remained significantly lower (16.5%) at that date. There were no detectable @entity2 residues in the liver of quail fed a ration containing .008% @entity2 for 8 wk.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Prevention of XXXX in bobwhites by medication.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Pellagra is a nutritional wasting disease attributable to a combined deficiency of @entity12 and @entity10 ( @entity10 ). It is characterized clinically by four classic symptoms often referred to as the four Ds: @entity3 , @entity11 , @entity4 , and @entity2 . Prior to the development of these symptoms, other nonspecific symptoms insidiously manifest and mostly affect the @entity5 . A review of the literature reveals several case reports describing @entity16 in @entity0 with @entity9 . The most common features of @entity16 in @entity0 with @entity9 are cutaneous manifestations such as erythema on sun-exposed areas, @entity15 , and @entity13 . Health care providers might consider a trial of 150-500 mg @entity10 if anorexic @entity0 exhibit these cutaneous findings. Pellagra can be diagnosed if cutaneous symptoms resolve within 24-48 hours after oral @entity10 administration. To further corroborate a diagnosis of @entity16 in anorexic @entity0 , specific 24-hour urine tests for @entity10 metabolites and @entity8 could be run prior to treatment with @entity10 being instituted. Other factors, such as mycotoxins, excessive dietary @entity6 intake (although not in @entity7 ), @entity1 and progestogens, @entity14 , and various medications, might also lead to the development of @entity16 . Although @entity16 appears to be a rare, yet possible secondary @entity9 , it should be considered in the work-up of @entity0 who exhibit cutaneous manifestations subsequent to sunlight exposure.

title: Pellagra may be a rare secondary XXXX : a systematic review of the literature.

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcomes and predictors of survival of pediatric @entity2 , specifically @entity3 . METHODS: SEER was searched for surgical pediatric cases ( <=20 years old) of @entity3 diagnosed between 1973 and 2011. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and survival outcomes were analyzed using standard statistical methods. All papillary types, including follicular variant, were included. RESULTS: A total of 2504 cases were identified. Overall incidence was 0.483/100,000 @entity0 per year with a significant annual percent change (APC) in occurrence of 2.07  % from baseline (P  <  0.05). Mean age at diagnosis was 16 years and highest incidence was found in white, female @entity0 ages 15-19. @entity0 with @entity1 sizes  <1  cm more likely received lobectomies/isthmusectomies versus subtotal/total thyroidectomies [OR  =  3.03 (2.12, 4.32); P  <  0.001]. @entity0 with @entity1  >= 1  cm and lymph node-positive statuses [OR  =  99.0 (12.5, 783); P  <  0.001] more likely underwent subtotal/total thyroidectomy compared to lobectomy/isthmusectomy. Tumors  >= 1  cm were more likely lymph node-positive [OR  =  39.4 (16.6, 93.7); p  <  0.001]. Mortality did not differ between procedures. Mean survival was 38.6  years and higher in those with regional disease. Disease-specific 30-year survival ranged from 99 to 100  %, regardless of @entity1 size or procedure. Lymph node sampling did not affect survival. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of pediatric @entity3 is increasing. Females have a higher incidence, but similar survival to males. Tumors >= 1  cm were likely to be lymph node-positive. Although @entity1 >= 1  cm were more likely to be resected by subtotal/total thyroidectomy, survival was high and did not differ based on procedure.

title: Pediatric XXXX : outcomes and survival predictors in 2504 surgical @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcomes and predictors of survival of pediatric @entity2 , specifically @entity3 . METHODS: SEER was searched for surgical pediatric cases ( <=20 years old) of @entity3 diagnosed between 1973 and 2011. Demographics, clinical characteristics, and survival outcomes were analyzed using standard statistical methods. All papillary types, including follicular variant, were included. RESULTS: A total of 2504 cases were identified. Overall incidence was 0.483/100,000 @entity0 per year with a significant annual percent change (APC) in occurrence of 2.07  % from baseline (P  <  0.05). Mean age at diagnosis was 16 years and highest incidence was found in white, female @entity0 ages 15-19. @entity0 with @entity1 sizes  <1  cm more likely received lobectomies/isthmusectomies versus subtotal/total thyroidectomies [OR  =  3.03 (2.12, 4.32); P  <  0.001]. @entity0 with @entity1  >= 1  cm and lymph node-positive statuses [OR  =  99.0 (12.5, 783); P  <  0.001] more likely underwent subtotal/total thyroidectomy compared to lobectomy/isthmusectomy. Tumors  >= 1  cm were more likely lymph node-positive [OR  =  39.4 (16.6, 93.7); p  <  0.001]. Mortality did not differ between procedures. Mean survival was 38.6  years and higher in those with regional disease. Disease-specific 30-year survival ranged from 99 to 100  %, regardless of @entity1 size or procedure. Lymph node sampling did not affect survival. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of pediatric @entity3 is increasing. Females have a higher incidence, but similar survival to males. Tumors >= 1  cm were likely to be lymph node-positive. Although @entity1 >= 1  cm were more likely to be resected by subtotal/total thyroidectomy, survival was high and did not differ based on procedure.

title: Pediatric @entity3 : outcomes and survival predictors in 2504 surgical XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: New guidelines discourage cervical screening and procedures in young females, given available @entity3 vaccines, concerns regarding procedure-associated harms, and the rarity of @entity0 . OBJECTIVE: To analyze histopathologic follow-up data on a large number of young females with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) Papanicolaou (Pap) test results. DESIGN: Hospital records were searched for @entity4 Pap test results in females 20 years or younger between January 2002 and December 2007. Histopathologic and Pap test follow-up, age group variations, and impact of Pap test transformation zone/endocervical sampling were analyzed. RESULTS: Four hundred seventy-four females aged 20 years or younger had @entity4 Pap test results during the study period. Three hundred thirty-five young females with at least one cervical biopsy were included. The average age was 18.6 years (range, 13-20 years). The average follow-up period was 24 months (range, 0.1-75 months), with a median of 22 months. Histopathologic detection rates were 44.2% for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) 2/3 and 47.8% for @entity5 1. The average period between the @entity4 Pap test result and an initial diagnosis of @entity5 2/3 was 5 months (range, 0.1-62 months), with a median of 2 months. Neither @entity1 nor @entity2 in situ was identified. Presence or absence of a transformation zone/endocervical sample did not significantly impact @entity5 2/3 risk (44.5% versus 38.9%, P = .64). CONCLUSIONS: Histopathologic @entity5 2/3 was documented in 148 of 335 (44%) of biopsied young females with @entity4 Pap results, likely reflecting both the reported high likelihood of @entity4 regression in younger females and the challenge of colposcopic sampling of relatively short-lived smaller @entity5 2/3 lesions. Although no cases of @entity1 were identified in this study, updated guidelines pose new risks for maturing females with undetected cervical precancer.

title: Follow-up findings in young females with XXXX papanicolaou test results.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors assessed the efficacy and safety of the first long-acting atypical antipsychotic (long-acting injectable @entity4 ) in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHOD: In a 12-week, multicenter, double-blind, randomized study, @entity0 received intramuscular injections every 2 weeks of placebo or long-acting @entity4 (25 mg, 50 mg, or 75 mg). The primary measure of efficacy was the change in total score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. RESULTS: Of the 554 @entity0 who were enrolled, 400 entered the double-blind study, and 370 received at least one postbaseline assessment. Mean changes in score of -6.2, -8.5, and -7.4 on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale were seen at endpoint for the 25-, 50-, and 75-mg @entity4 groups, respectively; all three change scores were significantly different from that seen with placebo (+2.6). Improvements in positive and negative symptoms were also significantly greater in @entity0 receiving @entity4 . Long-acting @entity4 was well tolerated. Adverse events related to @entity1 were spontaneously reported by 13% of @entity0 receiving placebo and 10% of @entity0 in the 25-mg @entity4 group, with higher rates in the 50-mg and 75-mg groups. Severity of @entity1 was mild at baseline and throughout the trial in each treatment group. Mean weight changes were small in the 25-, 50-, and 75-mg @entity4 groups (0.5 kg, 1.2 kg, and 1.9 kg, respectively). @entity2 was rated as low by the @entity0 , consistent with the investigators' @entity2 ratings. CONCLUSIONS: Long-acting injectable @entity4 was efficacious and well tolerated and provides both clinicians and @entity0 with a new mode of treatment that can improve the outcome of long-term therapy.

title: Long-acting injectable XXXX : efficacy and safety of the first long-acting atypical antipsychotic.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intensive @entity6 lowering has previously been shown to increase mortality among @entity0 with advanced @entity4 2 @entity1 and a high risk of @entity3 . This report describes the 5-year outcomes of a mean of 3.7 years of intensive @entity6 lowering on mortality and key cardiovascular events. METHODS: We randomly assigned @entity0 with @entity4 2 @entity1 and @entity3 or additional cardiovascular risk factors to receive intensive therapy (targeting a glycated hemoglobin level below 6.0%) or standard therapy (targeting a level of 7 to 7.9%). After termination of the intensive therapy, due to higher mortality in the intensive-therapy group, the target glycated hemoglobin level was 7 to 7.9% for all @entity0 , who were followed until the planned end of the trial. RESULTS: Before the intensive therapy was terminated, the intensive-therapy group did not differ significantly from the standard-therapy group in the rate of the primary outcome (a composite of nonfatal @entity7 , @entity2 , or @entity5 from cardiovascular causes) (P=0.13) but had more deaths from any cause (primarily cardiovascular) (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 1.44) and fewer nonfatal @entity7 (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.95). These trends persisted during the entire follow-up period (hazard ratio for @entity5 , 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.38; and hazard ratio for nonfatal @entity7 , 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.96). After the intensive intervention was terminated, the median glycated hemoglobin level in the intensive-therapy group rose from 6.4% to 7.2%, and the use of @entity6 -lowering medications and rates of severe @entity8 and other adverse events were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: As compared with standard therapy, the use of intensive therapy for 3.7 years to target a glycated hemoglobin level below 6% reduced 5-year nonfatal @entity7 but increased 5-year mortality. Such a strategy cannot be recommended for high-risk @entity0 with advanced @entity4 2 @entity1 . (Funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00000620.).

title: Long-term effects of intensive XXXX lowering on cardiovascular outcomes.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligands (PD-Ls) signal pathway has been implicated as a potential immune escape mechanism in several @entity0 @entity1 . However, the studies of @entity5  -Ls pathway in @entity3  (ECSS) are not yet sufficient. The current study investigated the expression of @entity4 , @entity6 and PD  -1 in ESCC tissues. The correlations between the expression of these proteins and clinical histopathological parameters were analyzed. Then the stable transfected Ec109 cell lines overexpressing @entity4 / @entity6 were established by plasmid transfection successfully. Ec109 and @entity2 + T  cells were co  -cultured to analyze the effects of @entity5  -Ls signal pathway on the function of @entity2 + T  cells including proliferation, apoptosis and interferon  -y production. We found that @entity4 -positive @entity0 had significantly poorer prognosis than the negative @entity0 , while their prognosis was not related to @entity6 expression. The count of PD  -1+ TILs  ( @entity1  -infiltrating lymphocytes) was negatively correlated with both @entity4 and @entity6 expression. In functional studies, we found that @entity5  -Ls signal pathway was able to downregulate the function of @entity2 + T  lymphocyte and its function could be restored by blocking the signal pathway. This indicates that @entity5  -Ls may prevent effective antitumor immunity, which provides important evidence to delineate the cellular immune deficiency mechanism in ESCC. Therefore, @entity5 are predicted to become novel targets for ESCC immunotherapy.

title: Relationship between expression of XXXX and @entity6 on @entity3 and the antitumor effects of @entity2 + T cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligands (PD-Ls) signal pathway has been implicated as a potential immune escape mechanism in several @entity0 @entity1 . However, the studies of @entity5  -Ls pathway in @entity3  (ECSS) are not yet sufficient. The current study investigated the expression of @entity4 , @entity6 and PD  -1 in ESCC tissues. The correlations between the expression of these proteins and clinical histopathological parameters were analyzed. Then the stable transfected Ec109 cell lines overexpressing @entity4 / @entity6 were established by plasmid transfection successfully. Ec109 and @entity2 + T  cells were co  -cultured to analyze the effects of @entity5  -Ls signal pathway on the function of @entity2 + T  cells including proliferation, apoptosis and interferon  -y production. We found that @entity4 -positive @entity0 had significantly poorer prognosis than the negative @entity0 , while their prognosis was not related to @entity6 expression. The count of PD  -1+ TILs  ( @entity1  -infiltrating lymphocytes) was negatively correlated with both @entity4 and @entity6 expression. In functional studies, we found that @entity5  -Ls signal pathway was able to downregulate the function of @entity2 + T  lymphocyte and its function could be restored by blocking the signal pathway. This indicates that @entity5  -Ls may prevent effective antitumor immunity, which provides important evidence to delineate the cellular immune deficiency mechanism in ESCC. Therefore, @entity5 are predicted to become novel targets for ESCC immunotherapy.

title: Relationship between expression of @entity4 and @entity6 on XXXX and the antitumor effects of @entity2 + T cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligands (PD-Ls) signal pathway has been implicated as a potential immune escape mechanism in several @entity0 @entity1 . However, the studies of @entity5  -Ls pathway in @entity3  (ECSS) are not yet sufficient. The current study investigated the expression of @entity4 , @entity6 and PD  -1 in ESCC tissues. The correlations between the expression of these proteins and clinical histopathological parameters were analyzed. Then the stable transfected Ec109 cell lines overexpressing @entity4 / @entity6 were established by plasmid transfection successfully. Ec109 and @entity2 + T  cells were co  -cultured to analyze the effects of @entity5  -Ls signal pathway on the function of @entity2 + T  cells including proliferation, apoptosis and interferon  -y production. We found that @entity4 -positive @entity0 had significantly poorer prognosis than the negative @entity0 , while their prognosis was not related to @entity6 expression. The count of PD  -1+ TILs  ( @entity1  -infiltrating lymphocytes) was negatively correlated with both @entity4 and @entity6 expression. In functional studies, we found that @entity5  -Ls signal pathway was able to downregulate the function of @entity2 + T  lymphocyte and its function could be restored by blocking the signal pathway. This indicates that @entity5  -Ls may prevent effective antitumor immunity, which provides important evidence to delineate the cellular immune deficiency mechanism in ESCC. Therefore, @entity5 are predicted to become novel targets for ESCC immunotherapy.

title: Relationship between expression of @entity4 and @entity6 on @entity3 and the antitumor effects of XXXX + T cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The programmed death-1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligands (PD-Ls) signal pathway has been implicated as a potential immune escape mechanism in several @entity0 @entity1 . However, the studies of @entity5  -Ls pathway in @entity3  (ECSS) are not yet sufficient. The current study investigated the expression of @entity4 , @entity6 and PD  -1 in ESCC tissues. The correlations between the expression of these proteins and clinical histopathological parameters were analyzed. Then the stable transfected Ec109 cell lines overexpressing @entity4 / @entity6 were established by plasmid transfection successfully. Ec109 and @entity2 + T  cells were co  -cultured to analyze the effects of @entity5  -Ls signal pathway on the function of @entity2 + T  cells including proliferation, apoptosis and interferon  -y production. We found that @entity4 -positive @entity0 had significantly poorer prognosis than the negative @entity0 , while their prognosis was not related to @entity6 expression. The count of PD  -1+ TILs  ( @entity1  -infiltrating lymphocytes) was negatively correlated with both @entity4 and @entity6 expression. In functional studies, we found that @entity5  -Ls signal pathway was able to downregulate the function of @entity2 + T  lymphocyte and its function could be restored by blocking the signal pathway. This indicates that @entity5  -Ls may prevent effective antitumor immunity, which provides important evidence to delineate the cellular immune deficiency mechanism in ESCC. Therefore, @entity5 are predicted to become novel targets for ESCC immunotherapy.

title: Relationship between expression of @entity4 and XXXX on @entity3 and the antitumor effects of @entity2 + T cells.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mounting evidence suggests that signalling cross-talk plays a significant role in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in @entity0 cells. However, the complex network regulating the EMT in different @entity0 types has not been fully described yet which affects the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In the present study, we investigated the signalling pathways involved in EMT of @entity1 cells and demonstrated the effects of two novel agents in the regulation of EMT. @entity12 ( @entity9 ) and @entity10 (TQ) have been shown to possess anti- @entity0 properties. However, their targets in the regulation of @entity0 cell behavior are not well defined. Here, we defined the effects of two putative anti- @entity0 agents on @entity1 cell migration and their possible intracellular targets in the regulation of EMT. Our results suggest that @entity9 or TQ treatment affected @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity11 , and @entity5 expressions and effectively attenuated @entity4 activity. The downstream components in @entity4 signalling were also affected. @entity9 treatment resulted in the concomitant inhibition of extracellular matrix-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 ( @entity2 ), @entity3 (MAPK) and @entity8 activity. On the other hand, TQ treatment increased @entity8 activity while exerting no effect on @entity2 or p38 MAPK activity. Given the stronger inhibition of EMT-related markers in @entity9 -treated samples, we concluded that this effect might be due to collective inhibition of multiple signalling pathways which result in a decrease in their cross-talk in @entity1 cells. Overall, the data in this study proposes novel action mechanisms for @entity9 or TQ in @entity1 cells and highlights the potential use of these active compounds in the regulation of EMT.

title: Inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in XXXX cells via modulation of @entity4 signalling.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Mounting evidence suggests that signalling cross-talk plays a significant role in the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in @entity0 cells. However, the complex network regulating the EMT in different @entity0 types has not been fully described yet which affects the development of novel therapeutic strategies. In the present study, we investigated the signalling pathways involved in EMT of @entity1 cells and demonstrated the effects of two novel agents in the regulation of EMT. @entity12 ( @entity9 ) and @entity10 (TQ) have been shown to possess anti- @entity0 properties. However, their targets in the regulation of @entity0 cell behavior are not well defined. Here, we defined the effects of two putative anti- @entity0 agents on @entity1 cell migration and their possible intracellular targets in the regulation of EMT. Our results suggest that @entity9 or TQ treatment affected @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity11 , and @entity5 expressions and effectively attenuated @entity4 activity. The downstream components in @entity4 signalling were also affected. @entity9 treatment resulted in the concomitant inhibition of extracellular matrix-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 ( @entity2 ), @entity3 (MAPK) and @entity8 activity. On the other hand, TQ treatment increased @entity8 activity while exerting no effect on @entity2 or p38 MAPK activity. Given the stronger inhibition of EMT-related markers in @entity9 -treated samples, we concluded that this effect might be due to collective inhibition of multiple signalling pathways which result in a decrease in their cross-talk in @entity1 cells. Overall, the data in this study proposes novel action mechanisms for @entity9 or TQ in @entity1 cells and highlights the potential use of these active compounds in the regulation of EMT.

title: Inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in @entity1 cells via modulation of XXXX signalling.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Challenging behaviour is a major problem among @entity0 with @entity11 . Physical factors may be an important cause. The aim of the present systematic review was to determine the physical conditions associated with challenging behaviour. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in PubMed and the Cochrane systematic review database for empirical studies published between 1990 and 2008. The quality of all the studies that met the inclusion criteria was assessed using the SIGN-50 methodology checklists. RESULTS: The search identified 45 studies, which looked at general medical conditions, @entity2 , @entity12 , @entity9 , @entity1 , @entity6 and others. There were four high-quality observational studies, seven well-conducted observational studies, 21 observational studies of low methodological quality and 13 non-analytical studies. There were significant and independent associations between challenging behaviours and @entity8 , @entity3 related to @entity7 and @entity1 , and between self-injurious behaviour and @entity4 . No association was found with @entity10 , @entity8 , @entity2 or @entity5 . Many other physical conditions were not addressed at all. CONCLUSION: Medical conditions can play a role in challenging behaviour, and this should be evaluated in the clinical setting. So far, the level of evidence is generally low, and longitudinal studies are completely lacking. We recommend a systematic approach to research examining the role of physical conditions in challenging behaviour, the ultimate aim being to establish a basis for the development of clinical guidelines.

title: Physical conditions and challenging behaviour in @entity0 with XXXX : a systematic review.

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: Challenging behaviour is a major problem among @entity0 with @entity11 . Physical factors may be an important cause. The aim of the present systematic review was to determine the physical conditions associated with challenging behaviour. METHODS: A literature search was conducted in PubMed and the Cochrane systematic review database for empirical studies published between 1990 and 2008. The quality of all the studies that met the inclusion criteria was assessed using the SIGN-50 methodology checklists. RESULTS: The search identified 45 studies, which looked at general medical conditions, @entity2 , @entity12 , @entity9 , @entity1 , @entity6 and others. There were four high-quality observational studies, seven well-conducted observational studies, 21 observational studies of low methodological quality and 13 non-analytical studies. There were significant and independent associations between challenging behaviours and @entity8 , @entity3 related to @entity7 and @entity1 , and between self-injurious behaviour and @entity4 . No association was found with @entity10 , @entity8 , @entity2 or @entity5 . Many other physical conditions were not addressed at all. CONCLUSION: Medical conditions can play a role in challenging behaviour, and this should be evaluated in the clinical setting. So far, the level of evidence is generally low, and longitudinal studies are completely lacking. We recommend a systematic approach to research examining the role of physical conditions in challenging behaviour, the ultimate aim being to establish a basis for the development of clinical guidelines.

title: Physical conditions and challenging behaviour in XXXX with @entity11 : a systematic review.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cardiac tamponade is a life-threatening condition, whose current specific cause and outcome are unknown. Our purpose was to analyze it. We performed a retrospective observational study with prospective follow-up data including 136 consecutive @entity0 admitted with diagnosis of @entity6 , from 2003 to 2013. We thoroughly recorded variables as clinical features, @entity7 /pericardiocentesis, fluid characteristics, and long-term events (new @entity2 ). The median age was 65    17  years (55% @entity0 ). In the baseline characteristics, 70% were no smokers, 12% were on anticoagulation, and 13 had suffered a previous @entity4 . In the preceding month, 15 @entity0 had undergone a cardiac catheterization, 5 cardiac surgery, and 5 pacemaker insertion. Fever was observed in 16% of @entity0 and 21% displayed other inflammatory symptoms. In 81% of @entity0 , pericardiocentesis was needed. The fluid was hemorrhagic or a transudate in the majority, with positive cytology in 15% and bacteria in 3.7%. Main causes were @entity1 (32%), @entity3 (24%), idiopathic (16%), iatrogenic (15%), @entity5 (7%), uremic (4%), and other causes (2%). After a maximum follow-up of 10.4  years, @entity6 recurred in 10% of the cases (62% in the neoplastic group) and the 48% of @entity0 died (89% in the neoplastic cohort). In conclusion, most @entity6 are due to @entity1 , having this specific cause a poorer outcome, probably as a manifestation of an advanced disease. The rest of causes, after an aggressive intensive management, have a good prognosis, especially the iatrogenic.

title: Cause and Long-Term Outcome of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To characterize the @entity3 , determine their recurrence in families and assess the mode of inheritance of the most prevalent anomalies through pedigree analysis in a herd of Exmoor ponies. ANIMALS STUDIED: Thirty Exmoor ponies residing in south-western Ontario, Canada. PROCEDURES: Ophthalmic examination was performed using direct ophthalmoscopy, slit-lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy, pre- and post-pupillary dilation. Following compilation of ocular findings, pedigree analysis was conducted to assess the recurrence pattern of specific anomalies in families and the data were tested for significance for breed prevalence and gender dependence, using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Twenty-eight purebred ponies and two cross-breds, ranging from 14 days to 31 years were examined. A prominent brow above the eyes characteristic of this breed was a consistent periocular feature of adult ponies. In nine ponies, @entity7 , @entity5 , Mittendorf's dot, hyaloid artery remnant, and hyper-reflective vitreal strands were detected while the lesions recorded in the remaining 21 included macroblepharon, persistent @entity8 , @entity5 , @entity2 , focal @entity4 and optic nerve @entity1 . The most common ocular finding was @entity2 seen mainly in females. Statistical tests on prevalence data confirmed a significant breed and sex association. Pedigree analysis favored a sex-linked mode of inheritance for @entity2 in this line of Exmoor ponies. CONCLUSIONS: Although the @entity3 detected in this group have been previously reported in other breeds of @entity6 , this is the first report of @entity6 @entity2 showing a familial trend suggestive of a @entity0 .

title: XXXX in a herd of Exmoor ponies in Canada.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 resistance is conferred by the sulI gene found on many Enterobacteriaceae R plasmids and Tn21 type transposons. The sulI gene encodes a @entity6 insensitive @entity5 synthase enzyme required for @entity3 biosynthesis. Transformation of @entity0 , @entity1 or @entity2 using sulI as a selectable marker generates @entity4 -resistant plants. Typically sulI-based selection of transgenic plants is performed on tissue culture media under sterile conditions. FINDINGS: A set of novel binary vectors containing a sulI selectable marker expression cassette were constructed and used to generate transgenic @entity2 . We demonstrate that the sulI selectable marker can be utilized for direct selection of plants grown in soil with a simple foliar spray application procedure. A highly effective and inexpensive high throughput screening strategy to identify transgenic @entity2 without use of tissue culture was developed. CONCLUSION: Novel sulI-containing Agrobacterium binary vectors designed to over-express a gene of interest or to characterize a test promoter in transgenic plants have been constructed. These new vector tools combined with the various beneficial attributes of @entity6 selection and the simple foliar screening strategy provide an advantageous alternative for plant biotechnology researchers. The set of binary vectors is freely available upon request.

title: Novel sulI binary vectors enable an inexpensive foliar selection method in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the haemodynamic regulation at rest and during exercise in Fontan @entity0 at a long-term follow-up. DESIGN: Cardiac output was measured with the dye-dilution technique. We examined 15 out of the surviving 20 @entity0 operated upon in G  teborg between 1980 and 1991. Their mean age was 26.4 years. Four @entity0 had to be excluded due to technical reasons. RESULTS: Median maximal @entity1 uptake was 1.47 l/min, corresponding to 21.9 ml/kg/min. Cardiac output was lower than expected at all exercise levels, presumably due to a reduced pulmonary blood flow. The median maximal cardiac output value was 8.0 l/min. @entity2 volume index was 33 ml/m (2). The subjects compensated for the @entity3 with an increased arteriovenous @entity1 difference. They had a normal increase in arterial blood pressure. This was achieved by an increase in total peripheral resistance. CONCLUSION: The low maximal exercise capacity was due to a @entity3 and a reduced pulmonary blood flow. This was compensated for by an increased arteriovenous @entity1 difference

title: Haemodynamic adaptation during exercise in fontan XXXX at a long-term follow-up.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Our knowledge of diseases caused by biologically and chemically contaminated food varies considerably between developing countries. While in Latin America and the Caribbean some information regarding foodborne hazards, high-risk foods and the extent of any resulting disease is available, in many other developing countries little is known about the nature and extent of such diseases. Systematic foodborne surveillance activities, including epidemiological studies, are rarely undertaken. Public health authorities and the public frequently learn about the more dramatic disease outbreaks from news media. A good indication of the importance of food contamination for health and well-being is the information available about @entity0 @entity1 , @entity0 / @entity0 and adult @entity2 . Both conditions are closely related to contaminated food and drinking water, and are particularly important public health problems in most developing countries, as is cholera. With regard to chemicals, little information is available in developing countries on the occurrence of food contamination. Without such information, the health of hundreds of millions of @entity0 may be threatened. Improving the safety of the food supply and reducing @entity3 requires the concept of shared responsibility to be adopted. All of society needs to accept that food is not only an agricultural and trade commodity but a public health issue. Consequently, Ministries of Health in all countries must integrate food safety as an essential public health function into their work.

title: XXXX in developing countries: aetiology, epidemiology and strategies for prevention.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous reports have suggested that @entity3 is effective as an antidepressant augmentation agent in @entity0 with treatment-resistant @entity1 . This study is the largest double-blind placebo-controlled study conducted to date of @entity3 in this role. METHOD: In this multicenter trial, conducted at 19 sites, @entity0 aged 18-65 years with a DSM-IV/ICD-10 diagnosis of unipolar, nonpsychotic major @entity1 (confirmed by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview) who had failed at least 1 adequate trial of an antidepressant (N = 183) were first treated for 8 weeks with open-label @entity2 or @entity2 controlled-release in dosages up to 50 mg/d or 62.5 mg/d, respectively. Individuals with a 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( @entity4 -17) score >=  15 (n = 96) were then randomized on a double-blind basis to receive either placebo or @entity3 in dosages titrated upward to a maximum of 400 mg/d for 10 weeks. Sixty-five @entity0 completed the study. The primary outcome measure was the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and the main secondary outcome measures were the @entity4 -17 and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) and Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) ratings. Data were collected from 2003 to 2006. RESULTS: Results of the primary efficacy analysis of the randomized @entity0 using the MADRS, @entity4 -17, CGI-S, and CGI-I did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference between @entity3 and placebo groups, although some secondary analyses were suggestive of efficacy, particularly in those @entity0 who completed the study (completer analysis) and in more severely ill @entity0 ( @entity4 -17 >=  25). CONCLUSIONS: This add-on study of @entity0 with @entity5 failed to detect a statistically significant difference between @entity3 and placebo given for 10 weeks. However, post hoc analyses suggest that future studies of @entity3 's efficacy might focus on specific subgroups with @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00901407.

title: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of @entity3 as an antidepressant augmentation agent in treatment-refractory XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous reports have suggested that @entity3 is effective as an antidepressant augmentation agent in @entity0 with treatment-resistant @entity1 . This study is the largest double-blind placebo-controlled study conducted to date of @entity3 in this role. METHOD: In this multicenter trial, conducted at 19 sites, @entity0 aged 18-65 years with a DSM-IV/ICD-10 diagnosis of unipolar, nonpsychotic major @entity1 (confirmed by the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview) who had failed at least 1 adequate trial of an antidepressant (N = 183) were first treated for 8 weeks with open-label @entity2 or @entity2 controlled-release in dosages up to 50 mg/d or 62.5 mg/d, respectively. Individuals with a 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale ( @entity4 -17) score >=  15 (n = 96) were then randomized on a double-blind basis to receive either placebo or @entity3 in dosages titrated upward to a maximum of 400 mg/d for 10 weeks. Sixty-five @entity0 completed the study. The primary outcome measure was the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), and the main secondary outcome measures were the @entity4 -17 and Clinical Global Impressions-Severity of Illness (CGI-S) and Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) ratings. Data were collected from 2003 to 2006. RESULTS: Results of the primary efficacy analysis of the randomized @entity0 using the MADRS, @entity4 -17, CGI-S, and CGI-I did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference between @entity3 and placebo groups, although some secondary analyses were suggestive of efficacy, particularly in those @entity0 who completed the study (completer analysis) and in more severely ill @entity0 ( @entity4 -17 >=  25). CONCLUSIONS: This add-on study of @entity0 with @entity5 failed to detect a statistically significant difference between @entity3 and placebo given for 10 weeks. However, post hoc analyses suggest that future studies of @entity3 's efficacy might focus on specific subgroups with @entity1 . TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00901407.

title: A double-blind placebo-controlled trial of XXXX as an antidepressant augmentation agent in treatment-refractory @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is one of the most aggressive @entity2 and represents the fifth most common cause of @entity2 . It is associated with a poor prognosis, likely due to the tendency of the @entity2 for early local and distant spread. One of the major obstacles of effectively treating @entity4 is the often late diagnosis. Among all options currently available for @entity4 , surgical resection offers the only potential cure with 5-year survival rate of approximately 15-20  %. However, in the absence of @entity1 , which precludes resection, assessment of vascular invasion is an important parameter for determining resectability for @entity3 . The vascular involvement in @entity0 with @entity5 ranges between 21 and 64  %. Historically, vascular involvement has been considered a contraindication to resective cure. Meanwhile, the surgical approach of pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) combined with vascular resection and reconstruction has been widely applied in clinical practice to remove the @entity2 completely. Therefore, vascular invasion is no longer a surgical contraindication and the rate of surgical resection has greatly increased. Moreover, PD combined with vascular resection can account for 20 to 25  % of the total cases of PD surgery in a number of the larger pancreas treatment centers. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of management and outcome of vascular resection in @entity4 surgery.

title: Vascular Resection in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of glucocorticoids (GC) on the risk of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: A population-based cohort study was carried out using administrative health data on 7051 individuals with @entity2 onset between 1997 and 2001 and no exposure to GC before @entity2 onset. Follow-up was until 2006. GC exposure was defined in four ways: current use (yes/no), current dose (mg/day), cumulative dose (grams) and cumulative duration of use (years). All were used as time-dependent variables updated monthly. @entity1 were ascertained using hospitalisation and vital statistics data. Transient ischaemic attacks were not considered as @entity1 . Cox regression models adjusting for demographics, cardiovascular drug use, propensity scores and @entity2 characteristics were used. RESULTS: The mean age of the cohort was 56 years and 66% were @entity0 . Over 6 years' mean follow-up (43 355 @entity0 -years), 178 incident @entity1 cases were identified. GC current use was not associated with a significant increase in the risk of @entity1 (HR=1.41, 95% CI 0.84 to 2.37). Similarly, the models that accounted for daily dose (HR=1.07, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.21 for each 5 mg increase in the daily dose), cumulative duration of use (HR=1.1, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.32 for each year accumulated in the past) and total cumulative dose (HR=1.04, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.08 per gram accumulated in the past) were also not significantly associated with @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This large population-based study indicates that GC use is not associated with an increased risk of @entity1 in cases with @entity2 .

title: Risk of cerebrovascular disease associated with the use of glucocorticoids in @entity0 with incident XXXX : a population-based study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of glucocorticoids (GC) on the risk of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: A population-based cohort study was carried out using administrative health data on 7051 individuals with @entity2 onset between 1997 and 2001 and no exposure to GC before @entity2 onset. Follow-up was until 2006. GC exposure was defined in four ways: current use (yes/no), current dose (mg/day), cumulative dose (grams) and cumulative duration of use (years). All were used as time-dependent variables updated monthly. @entity1 were ascertained using hospitalisation and vital statistics data. Transient ischaemic attacks were not considered as @entity1 . Cox regression models adjusting for demographics, cardiovascular drug use, propensity scores and @entity2 characteristics were used. RESULTS: The mean age of the cohort was 56 years and 66% were @entity0 . Over 6 years' mean follow-up (43 355 @entity0 -years), 178 incident @entity1 cases were identified. GC current use was not associated with a significant increase in the risk of @entity1 (HR=1.41, 95% CI 0.84 to 2.37). Similarly, the models that accounted for daily dose (HR=1.07, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.21 for each 5 mg increase in the daily dose), cumulative duration of use (HR=1.1, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.32 for each year accumulated in the past) and total cumulative dose (HR=1.04, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.08 per gram accumulated in the past) were also not significantly associated with @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This large population-based study indicates that GC use is not associated with an increased risk of @entity1 in cases with @entity2 .

title: Risk of cerebrovascular disease associated with the use of glucocorticoids in XXXX with incident @entity2 : a population-based study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) occurring in the heart is rare. To the best of our knowledge, the current study was the first to report a case of left @entity6 metastasizing to the vulva. A 37-year-old female presenting with a history of exertional @entity5 underwent echocardiography, which revealed a mass in the left atrium, with a @entity3 attached to the posterior wall, extending into the pericardium. Furthermore, the mass resulted in severe @entity8 during diastole. The @entity2 was excised together with a section of the left atrial wall. The initial diagnosis was a left @entity7 . However, post-operative frozen section histopathology results indicated a diagnosis of @entity6 . Following surgery, the @entity0 received chemotherapy, however, vulvar @entity1 and left @entity4 were identified after 1 month. Following surgical excision of the @entity2 and left thoracentesis, the @entity0 began adjuvant chemotherapy. However, the @entity0 succumbed due to local recurrence 6 months later.

title: Primary cardiac malignant fibrous histiocytoma with vulvar XXXX : A case report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied using the radiolabeled microsphere technique in a @entity1 model of @entity0 that others have previously examined morphologically with @entity3 perfusion. It was our goal to ascertain whether this ischemic model, which involves easily accessible occlusions of the ipsilateral circle of Willis, could produce reproducible and significant reduction of hemispheric cerebral blood flow. Seven animals underwent the surgical procedure with measurements of rCBF at base line, after arterial microdissection and brain retraction only, and finally after creation of the lesion. Simultaneous somatosensory evoked potential recordings were also obtained. Bilateral symmetrical flow decreases were referable to anesthetic normalization and maintenance alone before creation of the lesion. The @entity2 , however, produced further significant decreases in flow on the ipsilateral side only, sparing all contralateral structures and sparing the brain stem and cerebellum bilaterally. Evoked responses, which had shown no changes in latency or amplitude after dissection and retraction procedures, were completely abolished 15 minutes after the @entity2 . Control animals that underwent surgical positioning and anesthesia alone did not show concomitant decreases is rCBF. This model of open craniotomy and direct @entity2 is suitable for studies of @entity4 where the therapeutic intervention proposed (such as cerebral revascularization) involves similar surgical manipulations. By this method, a standard and reproducible @entity4 is achieved through the surgical field without the need for exposure of the basilar artery.

title: Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow and somatosensory evoked potentials in a @entity1 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was studied using the radiolabeled microsphere technique in a @entity1 model of @entity0 that others have previously examined morphologically with @entity3 perfusion. It was our goal to ascertain whether this ischemic model, which involves easily accessible occlusions of the ipsilateral circle of Willis, could produce reproducible and significant reduction of hemispheric cerebral blood flow. Seven animals underwent the surgical procedure with measurements of rCBF at base line, after arterial microdissection and brain retraction only, and finally after creation of the lesion. Simultaneous somatosensory evoked potential recordings were also obtained. Bilateral symmetrical flow decreases were referable to anesthetic normalization and maintenance alone before creation of the lesion. The @entity2 , however, produced further significant decreases in flow on the ipsilateral side only, sparing all contralateral structures and sparing the brain stem and cerebellum bilaterally. Evoked responses, which had shown no changes in latency or amplitude after dissection and retraction procedures, were completely abolished 15 minutes after the @entity2 . Control animals that underwent surgical positioning and anesthesia alone did not show concomitant decreases is rCBF. This model of open craniotomy and direct @entity2 is suitable for studies of @entity4 where the therapeutic intervention proposed (such as cerebral revascularization) involves similar surgical manipulations. By this method, a standard and reproducible @entity4 is achieved through the surgical field without the need for exposure of the basilar artery.

title: Measurement of regional cerebral blood flow and somatosensory evoked potentials in a XXXX model of @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: Subclinical @entity5 (SH) is a condition of biochemical @entity7 excess without the classical signs or symptoms of overt @entity5 . It is thought to be present in the 5-30% of @entity0 with incidentally discovered @entity8 ( @entity6 ), which in turn are found in 4-7% of the adult population. Therefore, SH has been suggested to be present in 0.2-2.0% of the adult population. Some studies suggested that this condition is present in 1-10% of @entity0 with @entity1 or established @entity4 . The present manuscript reviews the literature on diagnostic procedures and the metabolic effect of the recovery from SH. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A PubMed search was used to identify the available studies. The most relevant studies from 1992 to November 2010 have been included in the review. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The available data suggest that SH may be associated with chronic complications, such as @entity3 , @entity1 , overweight/ @entity2 , and @entity4 . The available intervention studies suggest that the recovery from SH may lead to the improvement of @entity3 and @entity1 . A retrospective study suggests that this beneficial effect could be predicted before surgery. CONCLUSIONS: SH is suggested to be associated with some chronic complications of overt @entity7 excess. Recovery from this condition seems to improve these complications. However, a large, prospective, randomized study is needed to confirm this hypothesis and to establish the best diagnostic approach to identify @entity0 with @entity6 who can benefit from surgery.

title: Clinical review: Diagnosis and treatment of subclinical XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome after percutaneous repair followed by accelerated rehabilitation for acute Achilles @entity3 . METHODS: 21 @entity0 and 9 @entity0 (mean age, 41 years) underwent percutaneous repair by a single senior surgeon for acute Achilles @entity3 , followed by early weight bearing and accelerated rehabilitation. Outcome measures included the Achilles tendon re- @entity3 rate, the Achilles tendon total @entity3 score (ATRS) at 3 and 6 months, the incidence of @entity1 , wound @entity2 , wound @entity6 , @entity0 satisfaction, and the time to return to pre- @entity3 activity. RESULTS: The mean follow-up period was 12.5 months. The mean ATRS score improved from 57.65 at 3 months to 86.95 at 6 months (p<0.001). No @entity0 had @entity4 , tendon re- @entity3 , @entity1 , wound @entity6 , or @entity2 . Two @entity0 developed a @entity5 , which was resolved with oral @entity7 . Two @entity0 had a mass at the transverse incision, but neither had any symptoms or functional restriction. All @entity0 were able to bear full weight comfortably without the walker boot at 8 weeks, and return to their work by 3 months. The mean time to return to pre- @entity3 activity, including sports, was 10.4 months. The mean satisfaction rate was 87% at 6 months. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous repair of the Achilles tendon followed by early weight bearing and accelerated rehabilitation achieves good functional outcome.

title: Percutaneous repair followed by accelerated rehabilitation for acute Achilles XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 -cytochrome P450 reductase is a flavoprotein which contains both an FAD and @entity4 cofactor. Since the distribution of electrons is governed solely by the redox potentials of the cofactors, there are nine different ways the electrons can be distributed and hence nine possible unique forms of the protein. More than one species of reductase will exist at a given level of oxidation except when the protein is either totally reduced or oxidized. In an attempt to unambiguously characterize the redox properties of the physiologically relevant FMNH(2) form of the reductase, the @entity6 mutant of @entity0 -cytochrome P450 reductase has been reconstituted with 5'-deazaFAD which binds to the FAD-binding site of the reductase with a K(d) of 94 nM. The 5'-deazaFAD cofactor does not undergo oxidation or reduction under our experimental conditions. The molar ratio of @entity4 to 5'-deazaFAD in the reconstituted reductase was 1.1. Residual FAD accounted for less than 5% of the total @entity5 . Addition of 2 electron equivalents to the 5'-deazaFAD @entity6 reductase from dithionite generated a stoichiometric amount of the @entity4 @entity2 form of the protein. The 5'-deazaFAD moiety remained oxidized under these conditions due to its low redox potential (-650 mV). The 2-electron-reduced 5'-deazaFAD reductase was capable of transferring only a single electron from its @entity4 domain to its redox partners, ferric @entity1 and @entity3 (5). Reduction of the cytochromes and oxidation of the reductase occurred simultaneously. The FMNH(2) in the 5'-deazaFAD reductase autoxidizes with a first-order rate constant of 0.007 s(-)(1). Availability of a stable @entity0 -cytochrome P450 reductase capable of donating only a single electron to its redox partners provides a unique tool for investigating the electron-transfer properties of an intact reductase molecule.

title: Preparation and characterization of a 5'-deazaFAD @entity6 XXXX -cytochrome P450 reductase.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity0 -cytochrome P450 reductase is a flavoprotein which contains both an FAD and @entity4 cofactor. Since the distribution of electrons is governed solely by the redox potentials of the cofactors, there are nine different ways the electrons can be distributed and hence nine possible unique forms of the protein. More than one species of reductase will exist at a given level of oxidation except when the protein is either totally reduced or oxidized. In an attempt to unambiguously characterize the redox properties of the physiologically relevant FMNH(2) form of the reductase, the @entity6 mutant of @entity0 -cytochrome P450 reductase has been reconstituted with 5'-deazaFAD which binds to the FAD-binding site of the reductase with a K(d) of 94 nM. The 5'-deazaFAD cofactor does not undergo oxidation or reduction under our experimental conditions. The molar ratio of @entity4 to 5'-deazaFAD in the reconstituted reductase was 1.1. Residual FAD accounted for less than 5% of the total @entity5 . Addition of 2 electron equivalents to the 5'-deazaFAD @entity6 reductase from dithionite generated a stoichiometric amount of the @entity4 @entity2 form of the protein. The 5'-deazaFAD moiety remained oxidized under these conditions due to its low redox potential (-650 mV). The 2-electron-reduced 5'-deazaFAD reductase was capable of transferring only a single electron from its @entity4 domain to its redox partners, ferric @entity1 and @entity3 (5). Reduction of the cytochromes and oxidation of the reductase occurred simultaneously. The FMNH(2) in the 5'-deazaFAD reductase autoxidizes with a first-order rate constant of 0.007 s(-)(1). Availability of a stable @entity0 -cytochrome P450 reductase capable of donating only a single electron to its redox partners provides a unique tool for investigating the electron-transfer properties of an intact reductase molecule.

title: Preparation and characterization of a 5'-deazaFAD XXXX @entity0 -cytochrome P450 reductase.

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIM: To examine the quality of surgical care and long-term oncologic outcome after D2 gastrectomy for @entity2 . METHODS: From 1999 to 2008, a total of 109 consecutive @entity0 underwent D2 gastrectomy without routine pancreaticosplenectomy in a multimodal setting at our institution. Oncologic outcomes together with clinical and histopathologic data were analyzed in relation to the type of surgery performed. Staging was carried out according to the Union for International @entity1 Control criteria of 2002. @entity0 were followed-up for five years at the outpatient clinic. The primary measure of outcome was long-term survival with the quality of surgery as a secondary outcome measure. Clinical data were retrospectively collected from the @entity0 records, and causes of death were obtained from national registries. RESULTS: A total of 109 @entity0 (58 @entity0 ) with a mean age of 67.4    11.2 years underwent total gastrectomy or gastric resection with D2 lymph node dissection. The @entity1 stage distribution was as follows: stage   I, (27/109) 24.8%; stage II, (31/109) 28.4%; stage III, (41/109) 37.6%; and stage IV, (10/109) 9.2%. Forty @entity0 (36.7%) received chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The five-year overall survival rate for all 109 @entity0 was 45.0%, and was 47.1% for the 104 @entity0 treated with curative R0 resection. The five-year disease-specific survival rates were 53.0% and 55.8%, respectively. In a multivariate analysis, body mass index and @entity1 stage were independent prognostic factors for overall survival (both P < 0.01), whereas body mass index, @entity1 stage, @entity1 site, Lauren classification, and lymph node invasion were prognostic factors for @entity1 -specific survival (all P < 0.05). Postoperative 30-d mortality was 1.8% and 30-d, surgical (including three @entity3 , two of which were treated conservatively), and general morbidities were 26.6%, 12.8%, and 14.7%, respectively. CONCLUSION: D2 dissection is a safe surgical option for @entity2 , providing quality surgical care and long-term oncologic outcomes that are in line with current Western standards.

title: Surgical care quality and oncologic outcome after D2 gastrectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Low adherence to Global initiative for @entity2 (GOLD) guideline recommendations has been reported worldwide. There has been no study on the adherence to GOLD guidelines for @entity2 treatment in @entity1 . OBJECTIVES: To investigate the rates of adherence to GOLD 2010 guidelines for @entity2 treatment among pulmonologists. DESIGN: A multi-center, cross-sectional, observational study was carried out in eleven pulmonary outpatient clinics across @entity1 . Adherence to GOLD was evaluated through hospital records. Demographic and clinical data were recorded. RESULTS: Study included 719 @entity0 (mean age: 62.9  9.7 years; males 85.4%) of whom 16 was classified as GOLD Stage I, 238 as II, 346 as III, and 119 as IV, and only 59.5% received appropriate treatment. Rates of guideline adherence varied across GOLD stages (I, 6.3%; II, 14.7%; III, 84.4%; and IV, 84%). Causes of inappropriate therapies were overtreatment (Stage I, 100% and Stage II, 91.1%), undertreatment (Stage III, 3.3% and Stage IV, 10.9%) and lack of treatment (Stage II, 3.8%; Stage III, 2.3%; and Stage IV, 5.9%). The most preferred regimen (43.4%) was long-acting b2-agonist-inhaled corticosteroid-long-acting muscarinic antagonist. Overall, 614 @entity0 (89%) received treatment containing inhaled corticosteroid. CONCLUSION: Pulmonologists in @entity1 have low rates of adherence to GOLD guidelines in @entity2 treatment. Inappropriateness of therapies was due to overtreatment in early stages and excessive use of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) in all disease stages.

title: Adherence to GOLD guideline treatment recommendations among pulmonologists in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The optimum treatment method for large femoral @entity1 during revision knee replacement has not been established. The purpose of the present study was to determine the initial results associated with the use of porous @entity7 metaphyseal cones for the treatment of severe femoral @entity3 at the time of revision total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: Porous @entity7 metaphyseal cones were implanted during twenty-four revision total knee replacements. The study group included thirteen @entity0 and eleven @entity0 with a mean age of sixty-four years at the time of the procedure. The indications for the revision procedure included @entity4 (eleven @entity0 ), second-stage reimplantation for the treatment of @entity2 (seven @entity0 ), severe @entity5 around a well-fixed femoral component (three @entity0 ), @entity6 (two @entity0 ), and severe knee instability (one @entity0 ). RESULTS: The @entity0 were followed for an average of thirty-three months (range, twenty-four to fifty months). Overall, the average Knee Society clinical score improved from 55 points preoperatively to 81 points at the time of the latest follow-up. Radiographic evaluation was completed for twenty @entity0 after a mean duration of follow-up of thirty-five months. All femoral cones appeared well fixed radiographically, with no evidence of complications related to the cone. CONCLUSIONS: At the time of short-term follow-up, the porous @entity7 metaphyseal femoral cones effectively provided structural support for the femoral implants of a revision total knee arthroplasty in this series. The potential for long-term biologic fixation may provide durability for reconstructions. Long-term follow-up and comparison with alternative reconstructive techniques will be required to evaluate the true effectiveness of this implant.

title: Early results of the use of XXXX femoral cones for revision total knee arthroplasty.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity6 is a rare @entity1 that originates from the abdominal peritoneum with a predisposition to the pelvic peritoneum. It typically affects @entity0 of reproductive age. There have been less than 200 cases of this rare @entity1 reported to date. We present the case of a 35-year-old @entity0 who was referred to our centre because of the detection of a peritoneal @entity4 during a gynaecological exam. A diagnostic laparoscopy was performed. The findings included @entity3 appearing as 'a bunch of grapes' occupying the omentum. Biopsies were taken during the surgery and the results showed @entity5 . @entity6 can simulate other conditions, such as @entity2 or @entity7 . It is often diagnosed accidentally during surgery performed for another reason. The diagnosis is interoperative, observing multicystic structures grouped as a 'bunch of grapes' containing clear fluid with thin walls made of connective tissue. Immunohistochemistry confirmed mesothelial origin. Surgery is considered the treatment of choice and is based on the removal of the cysts from the abdominal cavity. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy can be considered as a primary treatment in @entity0 with recurrences or even as a part of primary treatment associated with surgery. Survival at 5 years is 100% and invasive or malignant progression is extraordinary. The treatment approach should be multidisciplinary, and the @entity0 should be referred to a referral centre.

title: XXXX originating from benign cystic peritoneal mesothelioma.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a rare paediatric disease of unknown etiology affecting 1 to 5 @entity0 per 1 million each year. It is characterized by the idiopathic proliferation of Langerhans' cells. The clinical spectrum of disease is quite varied, ranging from a solitary eosinophilic granuloma to diffuse multisystem involvement. The head and neck is the most common site of involvement, occurring in approximately 60% of @entity3 @entity0 . Head and neck manifestations are diverse and include skull and temporal @entity2 , cervical @entity7 , and @entity4 . Diagnosis can be difficult as these lesions mimic other common conditions seen by the otolaryngologist, including @entity8 , acute @entity5 , and @entity6 . A retrospective study was carried out to study our centre's experience with @entity3 over the last 10 years. Twenty-one @entity0 were diagnosed between January 1990 and December 1999. @entity0 's age at time of diagnosis ranged from 6 days to 14 years. Fifty-seven percent of @entity0 had localized bony lesions; the remaining 43% had @entity1 . The head and neck was also the most commonly involved site in our study, affecting 67% of our @entity0 . Presentation and diagnosis of these lesions are discussed in detail. Treatment, complications, and @entity0 outcomes will also be discussed.

title: XXXX in the paediatric population: presentation and treatment of head and neck manifestations.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and novel risk factors for @entity2 in a general population or have included a biochemical marker of current smoking. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and serum @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity4 levels. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: The U.S. general population. @entity0 : 4187 current smokers, 4791 former smokers, and 8375 never-smokers 18 years of age or older who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 1988 and 1994. MEASUREMENTS: Serum @entity5 levels were categorized as detectable (2.2 to 9.9 mg/L) or clinically elevated (> or =10 mg/L), and @entity6 and @entity4 levels were defined as elevated if in the 85th percentile or greater (11.1 micromol/L and 12.7 mmol/L, respectively). RESULTS: After adjustment for traditional @entity2 risk factors, cigarette smoking was related to elevated levels of @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity4 . Compared with never smoking cigarettes, self-reported current cigarette smoking was associated with a @entity5 level in the detectable (odds ratio, 1.66 [95% CI, 1.40 to 1.97]; P < 0.001) or clinically elevated (odds ratio, 1.98 [CI, 1.57 to 2.51]; P < 0.001) ranges, with elevated levels of @entity6 (odds ratio, 2.15 [CI, 1.65 to 2.80]; P < 0.001) and @entity4 (odds ratio, 2.10 [CI, 1.62 to 2.74]; P < 0.001). There were positive and significant dose-response relationships between measures of cigarette smoking (cigarettes per day, pack-years, and serum @entity8 levels) and elevated levels of novel risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that @entity1 and @entity7 may be important mechanisms by which smoking promotes @entity3 .

title: Relationship between cigarette smoking and novel risk factors for XXXX in the United States.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 are very rare and account for only 3% of @entity1 and are generally benign. Only less than 0.2% of all @entity1 were evidenced by metastatic spread. We report a 34-year-old @entity0 visited hospital because of coughing sputum mixed with blood. His chest CT showed bilateral patch clouding opacity. He was suspected with @entity3 and treated with @entity4 . However, his symptoms and general condition deteriorated, and he visited our hospital. He had no abnormal findings on physical examination. A chest radiograph showed @entity2 in whole lung and CT showed multiple nodules and diffused ground glass opacities in both lung fields. Lung biopsy confirmed a diagnosis of @entity5 with lung metastasis. The diagnosis is based on the histopathology and immunohistochemistry.

title: XXXX with lung metastasis diagnosed by lung biopsy.

answer: @entity5