abstract: Soluble @entity9 kinase (NDP kinase) from @entity8 was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity and a partial sequence was determined. The enzyme was kinetically and physically characterized. @entity7 - @entity4 gel electrophoresis of the purified enzyme revealed a single polypeptide of 17 kDa upon staining, by immunodetection with heterologous and homologous antibodies, and by autoradiography of the phosphorylated enzyme. Furthermore, isoelectric focusing of the purified native enzyme showed a single acidic band (pI 4.5). These results together with a native molecular mass of 98 kDa suggest a hexameric native enzyme composed of identical subunits. Like NDP kinases from other sources, the catalysis involves a phosphoenzyme intermediate that is rapidly formed upon incubation of the enzyme with @entity1 . The transfer of @entity3 from phosphoprotein intermediate to @entity9 is equally fast. Kinetic experiments indicated that @entity6 and @entity1 had the lowest Km compared to @entity2 , dTTP, and @entity0 . @entity5 acted as a preferred acceptor as assessed by kinetic measurements as well as by competition experiments. Experimental data are presented indicating the existence of a membrane-associated NDP kinase. Preliminary characterization of this enzyme suggests that cytosolic and membrane-associated NDP kinases are similar proteins.

title: XXXX @entity9 kinase: purification and characterization.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Adjuvant therapy following surgery has been mainstream in surgical adjuvant therapy for the @entity0 with @entity2 in Japan. In western countries, neoadjuvant therapy has become popular in which surgery is performed depending on the effects of preoperative treatment. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy offers the advantage of downstaging the @entity1 and enhancing resectability and the potential advantage of assessing the response to preoperative chemotherapy directly in the @entity1 . Disadvantages include possible emergence of chemotherapy-resistant @entity1 cells, as well as the delay in @entity1 control and postoperative morbidity. In the phase II studies, most regimens have included CDDP/ @entity3 . Pathological CR rates have been less than 10% and median survival terms from eight to 28 months. The rationale for the concurrent use of chemotherapy and radiotherapy is to combine an agent that has an effect upon systemic micrometastases with a modality that enhances @entity1 control. In addition, a number of chemotherapeutic agents have radiosensitizing effects. The majority of trials have employed CDDP/ @entity3 combined with RT for a total dose of 30 Gy. Pathological CR rates were from 20 to 40% and median survival terms from 12 to 29 months. Neither neoadjuvant chemotherapy nor chemoradiotherapy increased operative morbidity mortality, and there was a statistically significant increase in survival in complete responders. However, though the early and median survival was improved, the cure rate was not. Both therapies remain investigational.

title: [Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of diode laser cyclophotocoagulation ( @entity5 ) and cyclocryotherapy (CCT) in the treatment of @entity4 and compare the @entity2 and discomfort rates. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical study, 40 eyes of 40 @entity0 with @entity4 were randomly assigned in 2 groups of 20 eyes each to receive either @entity5 or CCT. @entity0 underwent follow-up examinations on the first 3 days and then 1 week and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after initial treatment. Complications and discomfort after treatment using a @entity1 analogue scale were recorded. RESULTS: In the @entity5 group, the mean intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased (p<0.05) from 44.3    16.4 mmHg preoperatively to 24.1    7.6 mmHg, 22.8    5.6 mmHg, and 22.5    5.1 mmHg 3, 6, and 12 months posttreatment, respectively. Regarding the CCT group, the mean IOP was reduced (p<0.05) from 46.5    10.4 mmHg to 26.6    12.2 mmHg, 21.2    7.7 mmHg, and 20.6    5 mmHg at the same time intervals. In the @entity5 group, the mean IOP reduction was strongly correlated with the number of laser effects (r = 0.65; p<0.01), but 35% needed retreatments. The mean @entity3 was 5.6    2.9 ( @entity5 ) vs 5.7    2.3 (CCT) (p = 0.91). No severe complications were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Both @entity5 and CCT proved to be safe and effective IOP-lowering methods in @entity0 with @entity4 . Diode laser cyclophotocoagulation should be considered as the primary treatment option in @entity4 using an individual treatment dosage.

title: Diode laser cyclophotocoagulation versus cyclocryotherapy in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the early @entity3 ( @entity3 ) effect [initiated 15 days after the @entity2 ( @entity2 )] in the functional capacity. METHODS: Twenty-two male @entity0 (mean-age of 52y-o), divided in two groups (A and B, 11 @entity0 each), were studied. Group A started @entity3 3 months after @entity2 (phase III), with a training intensity of about 70% of the maximum heart rate reserve, during three months, three sessions per week with one hour duration. Group B started @entity3 15 days after the @entity2 (fase II), with a training intensity up to five metabolic unities, three times a week, 1 hour and 15 duration. The post- @entity2 period of three months was designated as the time I (beginning of fase III) and six months as time 2. Stress test, Kraus-Weber flexibility test, coxo-femural flexibility test (flexion, elevation and abduction) and scapule-umeral flexibility test (flexion, extension and abduction) were applied. RESULTS: The maximum @entity1 uptake and the total work increased significantly from time 1 to time 2 in both groups, but there was no significant difference between the two groups, either in time 1 or 2. Flexibility in the Kraus-Weber test and in the scapule-umeral flexibility test when in flexion, were significantly greater in group B than A, in both times (1 and 2). Other flexibility variables studied show no significant difference, neither between the studied groups nor in the times 1 and 2 of evaluation. CONCLUSION: Early @entity3 after @entity2 increased the value of two variables that measure flexibility. However, it has not increased other flexibilities variables and the aerobic capacity.

title: [Early XXXX of @entity0 surgically treated for myocardial revascularization. Influence on the functional capacity].

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the early @entity3 ( @entity3 ) effect [initiated 15 days after the @entity2 ( @entity2 )] in the functional capacity. METHODS: Twenty-two male @entity0 (mean-age of 52y-o), divided in two groups (A and B, 11 @entity0 each), were studied. Group A started @entity3 3 months after @entity2 (phase III), with a training intensity of about 70% of the maximum heart rate reserve, during three months, three sessions per week with one hour duration. Group B started @entity3 15 days after the @entity2 (fase II), with a training intensity up to five metabolic unities, three times a week, 1 hour and 15 duration. The post- @entity2 period of three months was designated as the time I (beginning of fase III) and six months as time 2. Stress test, Kraus-Weber flexibility test, coxo-femural flexibility test (flexion, elevation and abduction) and scapule-umeral flexibility test (flexion, extension and abduction) were applied. RESULTS: The maximum @entity1 uptake and the total work increased significantly from time 1 to time 2 in both groups, but there was no significant difference between the two groups, either in time 1 or 2. Flexibility in the Kraus-Weber test and in the scapule-umeral flexibility test when in flexion, were significantly greater in group B than A, in both times (1 and 2). Other flexibility variables studied show no significant difference, neither between the studied groups nor in the times 1 and 2 of evaluation. CONCLUSION: Early @entity3 after @entity2 increased the value of two variables that measure flexibility. However, it has not increased other flexibilities variables and the aerobic capacity.

title: [Early @entity3 of XXXX surgically treated for myocardial revascularization. Influence on the functional capacity].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Using a triple-lumen constant perfusion system, we have studied ileal electrolyte transport in a @entity0 with @entity9 with @entity1 and made the following observations. First, @entity6 cannot be transported against electrochemical gradients, but can be readily absorbed or secreted down electrochemical gradients. Second, @entity6 secretion down an electrochemical gradient can be increased by raising lumen @entity7 concentration. Third, @entity4 absorption does occur against electrochemical gradients and is associated with @entity8 ion secretion. Fourth, electrical potential difference (PD) between lumen and blood is near zero when lumen @entity4 concentration is 140 mEq/liter. Fifth, a normal @entity4 diffusion potential is present. Sixth, @entity3 is transported passively in response to electrochemical gradients. The ileal electrolyte transport disorder of @entity9 with @entity1 can be simulated exactly in normal subjects perfused with a solution in which @entity6 is replaced with poorly absorbable @entity2 and @entity5 . These results can be explained by postulating a single defect in the double ion exchange model ( @entity4 - @entity8 , @entity6 - @entity7 ) previously proposed for normal ileal transport: i.e., normal @entity4 - @entity8 exchange, but a @entity6 - @entity7 exchange that is incapable of transporting @entity6 against an electrochemical gradient, yet continues to transport anions passively. In contrast, the results appear incompatible with the concept of ileal electrogenic @entity4 transport.

title: Pathogenesis of @entity9 with XXXX . Implications for the physiology of normal ileal electrolyte absorption and secretion.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Using a triple-lumen constant perfusion system, we have studied ileal electrolyte transport in a @entity0 with @entity9 with @entity1 and made the following observations. First, @entity6 cannot be transported against electrochemical gradients, but can be readily absorbed or secreted down electrochemical gradients. Second, @entity6 secretion down an electrochemical gradient can be increased by raising lumen @entity7 concentration. Third, @entity4 absorption does occur against electrochemical gradients and is associated with @entity8 ion secretion. Fourth, electrical potential difference (PD) between lumen and blood is near zero when lumen @entity4 concentration is 140 mEq/liter. Fifth, a normal @entity4 diffusion potential is present. Sixth, @entity3 is transported passively in response to electrochemical gradients. The ileal electrolyte transport disorder of @entity9 with @entity1 can be simulated exactly in normal subjects perfused with a solution in which @entity6 is replaced with poorly absorbable @entity2 and @entity5 . These results can be explained by postulating a single defect in the double ion exchange model ( @entity4 - @entity8 , @entity6 - @entity7 ) previously proposed for normal ileal transport: i.e., normal @entity4 - @entity8 exchange, but a @entity6 - @entity7 exchange that is incapable of transporting @entity6 against an electrochemical gradient, yet continues to transport anions passively. In contrast, the results appear incompatible with the concept of ileal electrogenic @entity4 transport.

title: Pathogenesis of XXXX with @entity1 . Implications for the physiology of normal ileal electrolyte absorption and secretion.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Thirty cases of @entity4 of the knee followed up for an average of 15 years were reviewed. The majority of @entity0 developed the disease during childhood. All had received standard anti-tuberculous drug treatment. Fifteen were treated conservatively alone, while the other 15 had a debridement type of surgery in addition to drugs. At review, one-third had occasional mild @entity3 , but this was only present in the conservatively treated group. Stiffness, however, was more predominant in the operated and in the late onset groups. Some mild @entity2 was seen in 17 out of 30 @entity0 and was related not so much to disturbance of epiphyseal growth, but rather, to @entity1 . Interesting X-ray appearances at follow-up were found. The factors which could lead to a good outcome included young age of onset, treatment within six months of onset, and early mobilisation. If the disease is well advanced, surgical treatment will lead to a painless joint, but with greater restriction of joint movement.

title: XXXX of the knee -- a long term follow-up.

answer: @entity4


abstract: During the period 1979-80, 20 @entity0 with morbid @entity1 underwent a gastric bypass procedure in our department. The selected @entity0 were under 50 years old and were overweight by 45 kg or more. Previously, all the @entity0 had unsuccessfully followed prolonged dietary regimes, some had tried dental splinting, and one had undergone three unsuccessful jejunoileal bypasses. The surgical technique used in two cases was transection of the stomach and gastrojejunostomy. In 18 cases, a gastric stapling procedure was performed. the upper gastric pouch was restricted to 5% of the entire stomach, and the gastrojejunostomy was limited to a 12-mm diameter. In the case with the failed jejunoileal bypass, dismantling of the intestinal bypass, reanastomosis, and a gastric bypass were performed in one stage. Weight loss averaged 8 kg/month for three months after the intervention, and then decreased to 2 to 4 kg/month. Laboratory studies after 6 and 12 months showed no deviation from normal. The use of the gastric bypass procedure, which does not involve @entity2 or serious side effects, in @entity1 results in a satisfactory long-term weight reduction, and an improvement in the quality of life.

title: Gastric bypass operation in morbid XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We determined the effects of chronic fibrinogen depletion on the development of @entity2 after @entity1 . @entity0 were defibrinogenated with a purified fraction of Malayan pitviper venom (ancrod). Studies were made in four groups: control untreated (group I); emboli untreated (group II); control defibrinogenated (group III); and emboli defibrinogenated (group IV). Fibrinogen decreased (P < 0.05) from 570.6 +/- 100.9 to 5.3 +/- 3.1 mg/100 ml in the ancrod-treated groups. Pulmonary arterial pressure was increased to similar levels in both embolized groups after infusion of 100-mug-diam nonsiliconized glass beads into the right atrium. Pulmonary vascular resistance and pulmonary perfusion pressure were initially increased to similar levels in both embolized groups, but by 75 min postembolization (PE) both parameters were higher (P < 0.05) in the defibrinogenated group. The extravascular lung water-to-bloodless dry lung ratio at 75 min PE of 4.53 +/- 0.24 in group II was greater than the control value of 2.84 +/- 0.22 in group I (P < 0.05). In contrast, the extravascular lung water-to-bloodless dry lung ratio of 3.64 +/- 0.09 in group IV was not different from the control value of 3.38 +/- 0.04 in group III, but was less than 4.53 +/- 0.24 in group II (P < 0.05). Therefore, chronic defibrinogenation in @entity0 prevented the development of @entity2 after @entity1 . The protective effect may be due to inhibition of the increase in lung vascular permeability and to a time-dependent reduction in pulmonary microvascular pressure.

title: Effect of defibrinogenation on lung water accumulation after pulmonary microembolism in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effect of @entity2 on the nucleolus and on melanogenesis in differentiating pigment cells of @entity0 was investigated in cultured neural crest cells. Cultures were treated with either 2 or 10 microgram/ml @entity2 for 41/2 hours. Following treatment the antibiotic was removed. Observations of the cells were made with both scanning and transmission electron microscopes. @entity1 almost entirely stopped pigment formation in neural crest cultures during treatment. The morphological sequence in the formation of melanin granules in the untreated pigment cells appears to be as follows: The earliest identifiable premelanosome is membrane-bound and contains very thin laminae and/or small vesciles. The premelanosomes become until they are approximately the size of mature melanin granules and there is thickening of the laminae, which appear to have a periodic substructure. The cells eventually become packed with electron-dense melanin granules. Compared with controls, the cytoplasm of treated cells showed a greater abundance of smooth- than of fuzzy-membraned vesicles, less rough endoplasmic reticulum, dilatation of the Golgi cisternae, and a smaller number of premelanosomes. The necleolus showed segregation and blebbing of its components, decrease in size and even disappearance; sometimes confluence of the components occurred. The most consistent morphological effect of @entity2 on the nucleolus was the separation of the fibrillar and granular areas. The granular component appeared to undergo marked changes in size and arrangement and is thought to be the source of ribosomal RNA precursors. The alteration in size of the outer component of the nucleolus went hand in hand with disappearance of free ribosomes from the cytoplasm of treated cells and inhibition of pigment synthesis.

title: The effect of @entity1 on the nucleolus and on pigment synthesis in pigment cells of XXXX : an ultrastructural study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The effect of @entity2 on the nucleolus and on melanogenesis in differentiating pigment cells of @entity0 was investigated in cultured neural crest cells. Cultures were treated with either 2 or 10 microgram/ml @entity2 for 41/2 hours. Following treatment the antibiotic was removed. Observations of the cells were made with both scanning and transmission electron microscopes. @entity1 almost entirely stopped pigment formation in neural crest cultures during treatment. The morphological sequence in the formation of melanin granules in the untreated pigment cells appears to be as follows: The earliest identifiable premelanosome is membrane-bound and contains very thin laminae and/or small vesciles. The premelanosomes become until they are approximately the size of mature melanin granules and there is thickening of the laminae, which appear to have a periodic substructure. The cells eventually become packed with electron-dense melanin granules. Compared with controls, the cytoplasm of treated cells showed a greater abundance of smooth- than of fuzzy-membraned vesicles, less rough endoplasmic reticulum, dilatation of the Golgi cisternae, and a smaller number of premelanosomes. The necleolus showed segregation and blebbing of its components, decrease in size and even disappearance; sometimes confluence of the components occurred. The most consistent morphological effect of @entity2 on the nucleolus was the separation of the fibrillar and granular areas. The granular component appeared to undergo marked changes in size and arrangement and is thought to be the source of ribosomal RNA precursors. The alteration in size of the outer component of the nucleolus went hand in hand with disappearance of free ribosomes from the cytoplasm of treated cells and inhibition of pigment synthesis.

title: The effect of XXXX on the nucleolus and on pigment synthesis in pigment cells of @entity0 : an ultrastructural study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A biomechanical cadaveric study of thoracic and lumbar vertebrae with simulated @entity0 quantifying intravertebral pressures during transpedicular vertebroplasty. OBJECTIVE: To compare intravertebral pressures during percutaneous vertebroplasty in vertebrae with and without simulated lytic @entity0 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Percutaneous vertebroplasty is designed to provide stability to vertebrae weakened by @entity4 or @entity0 . The complication rate is higher when the procedure is used for the treatment of @entity2 . The major complications reported are @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity6 . METHODS: Ten fresh-frozen cadaveric vertebrae were tested intact (7 lumbar, 3 thoracic) and 7 were tested with simulated @entity3 (4 lumbar, 3 thoracic). Defects were created by replacing a core of cancellous bone with soft @entity1 tissue in the center of the vertebral body. Simplex P (Howmedica Osteonics, Mahwah, NJ) cement was injected into each vertebra through a unipedicular approach at a constant rate of 3 mL per minute. Cement volume, injection force, and intravertebral pressures at the posterior vertebral body wall were recorded. Following the procedure, the vertebrae were sectioned to visualize cement and @entity1 disbursement. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the two groups for age, size, trabecular density, and cement volume. Vertebrae with simulated @entity0 generated an average maximum pressure of 39.66 kPa during cement injection versus 6.83 kPa in intact vertebrae (P < 0.05). Higher pressures were also generated in smaller vertebrae based on a power relationship (r2 = 0.71 intact, r2 = 0.43 @entity1 ). CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous vertebroplasty produces higher intravertebral pressures in vertebrae containing a simulated lytic metastasis than in intact vertebrae. Pressures generated in the @entity1 specimens are sufficiently elevated to cause @entity6 .

title: A biomechanical analysis of intravertebral pressures during vertebroplasty of cadaveric spines with and without simulated XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: Myocardial revascularisation being frequently performed during acute @entity2 , in a hostile hemodynamic environment, we evaluated left ventriculo-arterial (VA) coupling, left ventricular (LV) mechanical efficiency, and the mechanical properties of the systemic vasculature during acute @entity2 . METHODS: In 6 @entity5 , vascular properties [characteristic impedance (R(1)), peripheral resistance (R(2)), compliance (C), inductance (L), arterial elastance (E(a))] were estimated with a windkessel model. LV function was assessed by the slope (E(es)) of end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR), and @entity1 work (SW) - end-diastolic volume (EDV) relation. Pressure-volume area ( @entity3 ) was referred to as myocardial @entity0 consumption. VA coupling was defined as E(es)/E(a), and mechanical efficiency as SW/ @entity3 . After baseline recordings, the left anterior descending coronary artery was ligated and hemodynamic measures obtained every 30 minutes for 3 hours. Data are expressed as mean (SEM). RESULTS: @entity4 induced an ESPVR rightward shift, and decreased E(es) from 3.67 (0.33) to 1.92 (0.20) mmHg/ml and the slope of the SW - EDV relationship from 72.3 (3.4) to 40.4 (4.5) mmHg (p<0.001), while E(a) increased from 3.33 (0.56) to 4.65 (0.29) mmHg/ml (p<0.005). This was responsible for a dramatic alteration of VA coupling from 1.22 (0.11) to 0.44 (0.07), (p<0.001). While R2 increased from 1.72 (0.30) to 2.38 (0.16) mmHg x s x ml(-1) (p<0.05) and C decreased from 0.78 (0.16) to 0.46 (0.08) ml/mmHg (p<0.05), R(1) and L were unchanged. @entity4 decreased SW from 4056 (223) to 2580 (122) mmHg.ml (p<0.001), while @entity3 and SW/ @entity3 decreased from 5575 (514) to 4813 (317) mmHg x ml (NS), and from 0.76 (0.04) to 0.57 (0.03) (p<0.001), respectively. CONCLUSION: Acute @entity2 severely altered left ventriculo-arterial coupling and LV mechanical efficiency. Impaired left VA coupling was due to a combination of augmented arterial elastance, secondary to early vasoconstriction later associated with decreased arterial compliance, and decreased LV contractility.

title: Alteration of left ventriculo-arterial coupling and mechanical efficiency during acute XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Not all adult @entity1 @entity0 are candidates for surgical correction. In @entity0 assessment and selection, major issues remain regarding diagnosis and treatment planning. The purpose of this investigation was to ascertain whether adding a transverse parameter to a discriminant analysis could improve the classification of adults with @entity1 into 2 groups of @entity0 : those who can effectively be treated by orthodontic therapy and those who require orthognathic surgery. METHODS: Cephalograms, plaster casts, and extraoral photos of 69 adults with @entity1 were analyzed. A discriminant analysis was performed to identify the variables that best separate the 2 groups. RESULTS: Stepwise variable selection resulted in a new, highly significant (P <0.0001) model of 4 variables that provided the best discriminant function to distinguish between @entity0 with and without indications for surgical correction. The resulting equation was the following: score = -10.988 + 0.243 * Wits + 0.055 * M/M ratio + 0.068 * NSAr - 0.589 * mand @entity2 . The percentage of @entity0 correctly classified by this equation was 91.3%. The sensitivity was 0.92, and the specificity was 0.89. CONCLUSIONS: In the discriminant analysis, the mandibular midline deviation as a transverse component was included. The addition of the transverse variable led to an improved model concerning the predictive value in @entity1 @entity0 with surgical requirements.

title: New model for surgical and nonsurgical therapy in adults with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the underlying genetic defect in otherwise healthy Saudi newborns with @entity10 , including those with @entity3 . METHODS: Prospective case series of affected Saudi Arabian probands who were referred for genetic counseling over a 4 year period. All had @entity4 sequencing. Selected @entity0 with visible @entity3 had @entity5 , @entity8 , and @entity9 sequencing. @entity4 -negative @entity0 had @entity11 sequencing. RESULTS: All 67 probands had corneal enlargement with variable haze/scarring evident to caregivers at birth; 46 had a family history of infantile or early @entity1 . All families were consanguineous except for 6, 2 of which were endogamous. Eight probands had mild ectropion uveae with partial @entity6 ; 2 probands had thick scarred corneas that precluded careful iris examination. Homozygous or compound heterozygous @entity4 mutations were identified in 91% (61/67), including all 8 probands with ectopion uveae and partial @entity6 . The common Saudi mutation @entity7 occurred in most cases (38 homozygous, 8 compound heterozygous). Four novel mutations were identified ( @entity12 , @entity13 , @entity14 , @entity15 ). No mutations were identified in the other screened genes. CONCLUSIONS: Newborn @entity1 on the Arabian Peninsula is typically @entity4 -related even in the setting of @entity3 . Mild iris ectropion with partial @entity6 in a newborn with @entity1 suggests mutations in @entity4 rather than in other genes associated with @entity2 . On the Arabian Peninsula @entity7 mutations are the major cause of @entity1 but novel @entity4 mutations continue to be documented. The fact that the 9% of cases that were @entity4 -negative did not have mutations in @entity11 suggests that there exists at least 1 additional locus for this condition.

title: Molecular characterization of XXXX including a distinct aniridic phenotype.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine period-, age- and histology-specific trends in the incidence rate of @entity2 in Denmark in 1978-2006. DESIGN: Register-based cohort study. SETTING: Denmark 1978-2006. POPULATION: 5079 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity2 in at least one of two nationwide registries (4312 @entity1 and 767 non-epithelial/unspecified @entity1 ). METHODS: Estimation of overall incidence rates and period-, age- and histology-specific incidence rates. Age-adjustment was done using the World Standard POPULATION. To evaluate incidence trends over time, we estimated average annual percentage change and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using log-linear Poisson models. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age-standardized and age-specific incidence rates and average annual percentage change. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity2 increased from 2.6 to 5.5 per 100,000 @entity0 -years between 1978 and 2006, with an average annual percentage change of 2.6% (95% CI: 2.2-3.0). The median age at diagnosis was 52 years. @entity0 40 years or older had a higher average annual percentage change than @entity0 younger than 40 years. @entity1 were mucinous (49.9%) and @entity1 (44.4%). @entity0 with @entity1 were younger at diagnosis (50 years) compared with @entity0 with @entity1 (53 years). @entity0 with @entity1 had a higher average annual percentage incidence change than @entity0 with @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: The incidence rate of @entity2 increased significantly in Denmark in 1978-2006. In line with results for @entity2 , Denmark had a higher incidence rate of @entity2 compared with the other Nordic countries in 1978-2006.

title: Trends in incidence of XXXX in Denmark 1978-2006.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The association between air travel and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is recognized, but the absolute risk has not been quantified. Due to its geographical isolation, more than 50% of international travelers arrive at Sydney airport after a flight of'at least 9 hours. @entity0 who become acutely unwell upon disembarkation are taken to one of two hospitals. In this study we reviewed the presentations at these two hospitals. A retrospective analysis of all @entity0 presenting to the emergency departments (ED) directly from Sydney International Airport with symptomatic @entity2 over a three-year period was undertaken. Over 36 months, 17 @entity0 were admitted from Sydney International Airport to the ED with acute @entity2 . All @entity0 had flown for at least 9 hours. Seven @entity0 had risk factors for @entity1 . During the period of our review 6.58 million passengers arrived in Sydney on flights of at least 9 hours in duration, representing an incidence of 2.57 per million. In conclusion, the incidence of acutely symptomatic @entity2 in association with long distance air travel is low and the majority of @entity0 survive following hospital presentation.

title: Acute symptomatic XXXX associated with long haul air travel to Sydney.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This longitudinal study examined characteristics of a discrete mood episode that predict re-hospitalization for @entity3 , highlighting associated @entity1 as a potential mechanism linking episode severity and relapse. Eighty-two inpatients meeting DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for @entity3 completed the study. Twenty-two of the @entity0 were readmitted to the hospital within 3 months of discharge. The study compared these @entity0 to the remaining 60 @entity0 who were not readmitted to the hospital during this period. @entity0 were compared on several factors related to the severity of the mood episode and the course of @entity4 more generally. Analysis also compared the groups on measures of mood and neuro-cognitive functioning, assessed 24-48  h before initial hospitalization discharge. Re-hospitalized @entity0 had longer initial hospital stays (t  =  -3.10, p  <  0.01), higher rates of @entity5 while in the hospital (Chi square  =  5.1, p  <  0.02), and lower @entity6 scores on discharge (t  =  2.37, p  <  0.05). The groups did not differ in age of @entity4 onset or number of previous @entity2 hospitalizations. With respect to neuro-cognitive functioning, analysis indicated poorer performance for re-hospitalized @entity0 on measures of executive functioning (Wilks' Lambda, F (7, 71)  =  9.0, p  <  0.001), IQ (Wilks' Lambda, F (2, 76)  =  5.06, p  <  0.01), and memory (Wilks' Lambda, F (6,72)  =  4.19, p  <  0.001). Trends in the expected direction emerged for attention/working memory tests (Wilks' Lambda, F (7, 71)  =  1.79, p  <  0.10). Results highlight features of a discrete mood episode associated with increased rates of re-hospitalization. This study observed connections among episode severity, @entity1 at hospital discharge and re-hospitalization.

title: The characteristics of a discrete mood episode, @entity1 and  re-hospitalization in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: This longitudinal study examined characteristics of a discrete mood episode that predict re-hospitalization for @entity3 , highlighting associated @entity1 as a potential mechanism linking episode severity and relapse. Eighty-two inpatients meeting DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for @entity3 completed the study. Twenty-two of the @entity0 were readmitted to the hospital within 3 months of discharge. The study compared these @entity0 to the remaining 60 @entity0 who were not readmitted to the hospital during this period. @entity0 were compared on several factors related to the severity of the mood episode and the course of @entity4 more generally. Analysis also compared the groups on measures of mood and neuro-cognitive functioning, assessed 24-48  h before initial hospitalization discharge. Re-hospitalized @entity0 had longer initial hospital stays (t  =  -3.10, p  <  0.01), higher rates of @entity5 while in the hospital (Chi square  =  5.1, p  <  0.02), and lower @entity6 scores on discharge (t  =  2.37, p  <  0.05). The groups did not differ in age of @entity4 onset or number of previous @entity2 hospitalizations. With respect to neuro-cognitive functioning, analysis indicated poorer performance for re-hospitalized @entity0 on measures of executive functioning (Wilks' Lambda, F (7, 71)  =  9.0, p  <  0.001), IQ (Wilks' Lambda, F (2, 76)  =  5.06, p  <  0.01), and memory (Wilks' Lambda, F (6,72)  =  4.19, p  <  0.001). Trends in the expected direction emerged for attention/working memory tests (Wilks' Lambda, F (7, 71)  =  1.79, p  <  0.10). Results highlight features of a discrete mood episode associated with increased rates of re-hospitalization. This study observed connections among episode severity, @entity1 at hospital discharge and re-hospitalization.

title: The characteristics of a discrete mood episode, XXXX and  re-hospitalization in @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to examine the clinicopathologic characteristics of solid @entity2 (SPTs) of the pancreas, including the risk factors for disease recurrence and their effects on survival. METHODS: The medical records of 114 @entity0 who underwent surgery for a pathologically confirmed SPT between January 1995 and December 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 114 @entity0 , 98 (86.9%) were female, and the median age was 36 years (range, 11-75). All 114 @entity0 underwent curative intent surgery and 13 (11.4%) underwent laparoscopic surgery. Of the 114 @entity0 , 26 (22.8%) had @entity3 ( @entity3 ). There were no differences in any clinical factors between the benign SPT and @entity3 groups; however, the only 4 recurrences identified were in the @entity3 group. After follow-up ranging from 11 to 177 months, all 114 @entity0 were alive, with only 4 showing evidence of recurrence. Recurrence was observed in young @entity0 with @entity1 at first operation, invasion of an adjacent organ, and a large mass (>= 13 cm). CONCLUSION: Adequate operative resection including laparoscopic surgery is the mainstay of treatment for SPT. Although statistically significant risk factors for recurrence cannot be determined, @entity2 @entity1 at the first operation, invasion of adjacent organ, large @entity2 size, young @entity0 age, @entity2 rupture, and inadequate resection may increase the risk of recurrence. Our results demonstrate that long-term survival could be achieved by aggressive operative resection and interventional treatment of recurrent disease.

title: Solid XXXX : can @entity2 be predicted?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to examine the clinicopathologic characteristics of solid @entity2 (SPTs) of the pancreas, including the risk factors for disease recurrence and their effects on survival. METHODS: The medical records of 114 @entity0 who underwent surgery for a pathologically confirmed SPT between January 1995 and December 2007 were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS: Of the 114 @entity0 , 98 (86.9%) were female, and the median age was 36 years (range, 11-75). All 114 @entity0 underwent curative intent surgery and 13 (11.4%) underwent laparoscopic surgery. Of the 114 @entity0 , 26 (22.8%) had @entity3 ( @entity3 ). There were no differences in any clinical factors between the benign SPT and @entity3 groups; however, the only 4 recurrences identified were in the @entity3 group. After follow-up ranging from 11 to 177 months, all 114 @entity0 were alive, with only 4 showing evidence of recurrence. Recurrence was observed in young @entity0 with @entity1 at first operation, invasion of an adjacent organ, and a large mass (>= 13 cm). CONCLUSION: Adequate operative resection including laparoscopic surgery is the mainstay of treatment for SPT. Although statistically significant risk factors for recurrence cannot be determined, @entity2 @entity1 at the first operation, invasion of adjacent organ, large @entity2 size, young @entity0 age, @entity2 rupture, and inadequate resection may increase the risk of recurrence. Our results demonstrate that long-term survival could be achieved by aggressive operative resection and interventional treatment of recurrent disease.

title: Solid @entity2 : can XXXX be predicted?

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity3 intermedius Group includes @entity2 , @entity3 and S. delphini, coagulase-positive bacteria commonly isolated from animals. The identification of organisms belonging to this group is presently carried out using molecular methods. This study assessed the suitability of MALDI- @entity1 @entity0 for their identification. 69 strains of different biological and geographic origins, identified by partial hsp60 gene sequencing as @entity2 (n=15), @entity3 (n=32) and S. delphini (n=22), were analyzed by MALDI- @entity1 @entity0 . The estimated sensitivity, specificity and efficiency were calculated. In addition we computed the agreement between the outcome of MALDI- @entity1 @entity0 identification and partial hsp60 gene sequencing. The sensitivity of MALDI- @entity1 @entity0 was higher for @entity2 [0.95 (95% CI: 0.68-0.99)], than for @entity3 [0.78 (95% CI: 0.60-0.90)] and S. delphini [0.64 (95% CI: 0.41-0.83)], whereas the specificity was 1 for @entity2 and S. delphini and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.86-0.99) for @entity3 . The Cohen's kappa coefficient indicated almost perfect agreement between MALDI- @entity1 @entity0 and hsp60 gene sequencing for the identification of @entity2 [0.96 (95% CI: 0.87-1.04)], and substantial agreement for S. delphini and @entity3 [0.70 (95% CI: 0.52-0.89) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.616-0.92), respectively]. The overall efficiency of the proteomic identification ranged between 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78-0.95) for @entity3 and S. delphini and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.92-0.99) for @entity2 . MALDI- @entity1 @entity0 is thus a valuable and reliable tool for the rapid and accurate identification of bacteria belonging to the @entity2 Group.

title: Identification of @entity3 intermedius Group by MALDI- XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The @entity3 intermedius Group includes @entity2 , @entity3 and S. delphini, coagulase-positive bacteria commonly isolated from animals. The identification of organisms belonging to this group is presently carried out using molecular methods. This study assessed the suitability of MALDI- @entity1 @entity0 for their identification. 69 strains of different biological and geographic origins, identified by partial hsp60 gene sequencing as @entity2 (n=15), @entity3 (n=32) and S. delphini (n=22), were analyzed by MALDI- @entity1 @entity0 . The estimated sensitivity, specificity and efficiency were calculated. In addition we computed the agreement between the outcome of MALDI- @entity1 @entity0 identification and partial hsp60 gene sequencing. The sensitivity of MALDI- @entity1 @entity0 was higher for @entity2 [0.95 (95% CI: 0.68-0.99)], than for @entity3 [0.78 (95% CI: 0.60-0.90)] and S. delphini [0.64 (95% CI: 0.41-0.83)], whereas the specificity was 1 for @entity2 and S. delphini and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.86-0.99) for @entity3 . The Cohen's kappa coefficient indicated almost perfect agreement between MALDI- @entity1 @entity0 and hsp60 gene sequencing for the identification of @entity2 [0.96 (95% CI: 0.87-1.04)], and substantial agreement for S. delphini and @entity3 [0.70 (95% CI: 0.52-0.89) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.616-0.92), respectively]. The overall efficiency of the proteomic identification ranged between 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78-0.95) for @entity3 and S. delphini and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.92-0.99) for @entity2 . MALDI- @entity1 @entity0 is thus a valuable and reliable tool for the rapid and accurate identification of bacteria belonging to the @entity2 Group.

title: Identification of XXXX intermedius Group by MALDI- @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The @entity3 intermedius Group includes @entity2 , @entity3 and S. delphini, coagulase-positive bacteria commonly isolated from animals. The identification of organisms belonging to this group is presently carried out using molecular methods. This study assessed the suitability of MALDI- @entity1 @entity0 for their identification. 69 strains of different biological and geographic origins, identified by partial hsp60 gene sequencing as @entity2 (n=15), @entity3 (n=32) and S. delphini (n=22), were analyzed by MALDI- @entity1 @entity0 . The estimated sensitivity, specificity and efficiency were calculated. In addition we computed the agreement between the outcome of MALDI- @entity1 @entity0 identification and partial hsp60 gene sequencing. The sensitivity of MALDI- @entity1 @entity0 was higher for @entity2 [0.95 (95% CI: 0.68-0.99)], than for @entity3 [0.78 (95% CI: 0.60-0.90)] and S. delphini [0.64 (95% CI: 0.41-0.83)], whereas the specificity was 1 for @entity2 and S. delphini and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.86-0.99) for @entity3 . The Cohen's kappa coefficient indicated almost perfect agreement between MALDI- @entity1 @entity0 and hsp60 gene sequencing for the identification of @entity2 [0.96 (95% CI: 0.87-1.04)], and substantial agreement for S. delphini and @entity3 [0.70 (95% CI: 0.52-0.89) and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.616-0.92), respectively]. The overall efficiency of the proteomic identification ranged between 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78-0.95) for @entity3 and S. delphini and 0.99 (95% CI: 0.92-0.99) for @entity2 . MALDI- @entity1 @entity0 is thus a valuable and reliable tool for the rapid and accurate identification of bacteria belonging to the @entity2 Group.

title: Identification of @entity3 intermedius Group by MALDI- @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Bone regeneration stimulated by two different shapes of interconnected porous @entity1 (IP- @entity2 ) granules was evaluated in the mandibles of 3 @entity0 . METHODS: Deferent shapes of IP- @entity2 were used, spherical (spherical shaped IP- @entity2 granules) and irregular shapes (irregularly shaped IP- @entity2 granules). Two bone sockets (3mm in diameter and 5mm in depth) were prepared in the right edentulous mandible of each animal where right premolars had been extracted and sites healed for 3 months. The two types of IP- @entity2 were filled into the sockets to stimulate bone regeneration. New bone formation was evaluated histologically at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after filling. RESULTS: At 4 weeks, little bone formation was apparent in any of the bony sockets. At 8 weeks, newly formed bone was detected between the granules but not in the pores. In contrast, at 12 weeks, bone formation was clearly observed not only between the granules but also inside the granule pores. Comparing the two sites at 8 and 12 weeks, more bone formation was detected in sites receiving irregularly shaped IP- @entity2 than in sites receiving spherical IP- @entity2 . CONCLUSION: These results indicate that use of irregularly shaped IP- @entity2 may enhance bone regeneration. The results of this preliminary study suggest that irregularly shaped IP- @entity2 granules may have more possible usefulness than spherically shaped granules as a scaffold for bone regeneration.

title: Comparative evaluation of bone regeneration using spherical and irregularly shaped granules of interconnected porous XXXX . A @entity0 study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Bone regeneration stimulated by two different shapes of interconnected porous @entity1 (IP- @entity2 ) granules was evaluated in the mandibles of 3 @entity0 . METHODS: Deferent shapes of IP- @entity2 were used, spherical (spherical shaped IP- @entity2 granules) and irregular shapes (irregularly shaped IP- @entity2 granules). Two bone sockets (3mm in diameter and 5mm in depth) were prepared in the right edentulous mandible of each animal where right premolars had been extracted and sites healed for 3 months. The two types of IP- @entity2 were filled into the sockets to stimulate bone regeneration. New bone formation was evaluated histologically at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after filling. RESULTS: At 4 weeks, little bone formation was apparent in any of the bony sockets. At 8 weeks, newly formed bone was detected between the granules but not in the pores. In contrast, at 12 weeks, bone formation was clearly observed not only between the granules but also inside the granule pores. Comparing the two sites at 8 and 12 weeks, more bone formation was detected in sites receiving irregularly shaped IP- @entity2 than in sites receiving spherical IP- @entity2 . CONCLUSION: These results indicate that use of irregularly shaped IP- @entity2 may enhance bone regeneration. The results of this preliminary study suggest that irregularly shaped IP- @entity2 granules may have more possible usefulness than spherically shaped granules as a scaffold for bone regeneration.

title: Comparative evaluation of bone regeneration using spherical and irregularly shaped granules of interconnected porous @entity1 . A XXXX study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The authors report a series of 34 @entity6 of the sphenoid ridge. Eight @entity1 were totally removed uneventfully: two from the middle sphenoid ridge and six from the pterion or Sylvian point. @entity1 were not operated on because of their extensions or the @entity0 's age. Twenty-one @entity1 raised serious surgical problems, resulting in a classification into three groups: deep or clinoidal, invading beyond the sphenoid wings, and a combination of both. Histological study of the @entity8 bone showed @entity5 in the bone in 12 of 13 cases so examined. Surgical limitations included invasion of the cavernous sinus (15 cases), of the dura mater of the sella turcica (seven cases), of the lateral part of the sphenoid body at the insertion point of the ala magna (seven cases), and of the common tendinous annulus of Zinn in the orbit (five cases), and basilar extracranial extension, particularly in the pterygomaxillary fossa (three cases). Following extensive removal, there were no early recurrences and three late recurrences (9 years and more). In 13 cases with a follow-up period of 1 to 8 years, there were no clinical recurrences. In only two cases was the @entity6 totally removed. There were three postoperative deaths, two cases of @entity4 with @entity7 and @entity3 , one case with a @entity2 , and nine with slight oculomotor, visual, or esthetic sequelae.

title: Invading XXXX of the sphenoid ridge.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Spontaneous respiratory neuronal activities within cervical spinal cord were investigated in two groups of 36 adult @entity1 : cervical spinalized and non-spinalized preparations. In the first group of 18 animals, spontaneous @entity2 was abolished after total spinal transection at C1. However, spontaneous rhythmic @entity2 reappeared within 2 h after transection in 13 animals. In the other 6 animals spinalized at C3 level, we could not induce spontaneous @entity2 . The spinal @entity3 were found to be mainly due to rhythmic diaphragmatic contraction. Such spinal respiratory activity continued for 30 min-1 h with a steady rate of 19-24/min and then they steadily deteriorated. Spinal respiratory activity developed usually without hindlimb muscle activity and even when hindlimb stepping rhythm was seen simultaneously, it was not locked to respiratory rhythmicity. During spinal respiration, phrenic motoneuron discharges were recorded from the C5-C6 ventral horn. The burst discharges containing 4.8-40.0 spikes were all in synchrony with the inspiratory phase of respiratory cycles. Even after @entity2 movements were temporarily paralyzed by @entity4 , the rhythmic bursts still persisted for an appreciable time. In the second group of 12 lightly anesthetized @entity1 , microelectrode explorations of the upper cervical cord were made in an attempt to record neuronal activities associated with @entity3 . A total of 24 burst discharges of @entity0 which represent presumed cell body activities was recorded. The recording sites were histologically located in the intermediate zone of the spinal gray matter of C1-C2 cervical cord. These results suggested the possible existence of some intrinsic respiratory rhythm generators within the cervical cord. Possible neuronal mechanisms for generation of spontaneous respiratory rhythm were discussed.

title: Generation of spontaneous respiratory rhythm in high spinal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is a rare injury, with the medial type occurring in the majority of cases. The period of postreduction immobilization is a matter of controversy. Most studies set the period of immobilization between 4 and 8 weeks. The hypothesis in this study is that a period of 2-3 weeks of immobilization in a cast, followed by early mobilization, could provide better functional results than longer periods of immobilization. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a period of 4 years, eight @entity0 (six @entity0 , two @entity0 ) with mean age of 37.2 years and uncomplicated @entity4 were treated in our institution. Immediate reduction under sedation and cast immobilization was provided in all cases. Our rehabilitation protocol consisted of two completed weeks of immobilization and thereafter ankle range-of-motion exercises and partial weight-bearing mobilization. @entity0 were followed up for a mean period of 3 years. Clinical results were evaluated using the AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot scale. RESULTS: All @entity0 achieved almost normal ankle range of motion and good clinical outcome (mean AOFAS score 92.25). No radiographic evidence of @entity2 or @entity3 of the talus was detected. Two @entity0 complained of mild @entity1 of the hindfoot. All @entity0 returned to daily routine activities in about 2 months from injury. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate reduction and early mobilization could be key factors for uneventful recovery of uncomplicated @entity4 . Multicenter clinical trials are needed for further validation of our initial results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III, prospective clinical series study.

title: Early mobilization after uncomplicated XXXX provides successful functional results.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In a Phase II study, @entity0 with measurable metastatic or recurrent @entity3 randomly received after @entity4 (ADR), 60 mg/M2 I.V. q three weeks, or @entity6 ( @entity7 ), 40 mg/M2 I.V. q one week, or @entity5 ( @entity5 ), 500 mg/m2 I.V. x 5 days q five weeks. Objective partial response rates for 72 @entity0 were 5% for ADR (one of 20), 12% for @entity7 (three of 26), and 15% for @entity5 (four of 26). There were no complete responses. Median duration of response was 13 weeks. Median survival was 14 weeks (eight weeks for ADR, 14 weeks for @entity7 , and 15 weeks for @entity5 ). Factors of liver @entity1 , adjacent anatomic involvement, time from initial diagnosis to study entry, and prior radiation were found to be significant determinants of survival. @entity4 did not appear to benefit @entity0 with advanced measurable squamous cell @entity2 . @entity6 and @entity5 showed comparable activity and survival, although @entity6 was slightly more toxic.

title: Chemotherapy of advanced XXXX : Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group experience.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Between 1964 and 1977, 94 @entity0 with @entity5 of bone were treated at the National @entity2 Institute. They received 5000 rad to the whole bone and progressively more aggressive chemotherapy protocols. The @entity0 were divided according to site of @entity3 into central, proximal and distal lesions, with 19%, 33% and 57%, respectively, alive and well. Of 28 @entity0 autopsied, 11 (39%) had had a pathologic documentation of local recurrence. An additional three @entity0 had a biopsy-proven local recurrence, for a total pathologically proven rate of 14/94 (15%). A total of 16/94 (17%) @entity0 had clinical evidence of local recurrence. The overall local recurrence rate (clinical plus pathologic) was 22/94 (23%). This rate varied according to the site of the primary and was 14/42 (33%) for central, 6/24 (25%) for proximal, and 2/28 (7%) for distal lesions. The local recurrence rate did not change significantly either with the more aggressive chemotherapy regimens or with the presence of @entity1 at presentation. The local control rate is high (93%), with good functional results in the distal lesions, and no changes are needed in radiation therapy dose or volume. Control is not as satisfactory for central and proximal lesions and efforts need to be made to increase control at these sites. We are at present attempting to define more accurately the extent of soft tissue disease, increasing the dose to 6000 rad for central lesions, and using a more aggressive chemotherapy program, in the hope of increasing the local control in these more @entity4 .

title: Local control of XXXX of bone with radiotherapy and combination chemotherapy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Five hundred and eighty-four cases of primary @entity1 and @entity1 -like conditions were examined. Primary @entity3 of the parotid gland were relatively rare, comprising 29 cases (4.9%) of 584 @entity1 . These could be divided into either @entity2 or so-called @entity4 . In our series, the incidence of the latter was 1.5% (nine cases), or 31.0% of the total number of @entity3 . The so-called benign @entity4 were found in @entity0 under the age of 12 months, during the infantile period, and occurred predominantly in females and on the right side. Histologically, this @entity1 showed a uniform growth pattern so that each lobular portion exhibited a strikingly identical appearance. The vascular lumina of the @entity1 were lined by flattened endothelial cells that were occasionally mixed with some plump cells showing mild atypism. Electron microscopy revealed that the @entity1 consisted of two distinct components, one being definite endothelial cells lining the vascular channels and the other pericytes located outside of the endothelium embracing the vascular channels. The @entity1 cells can be interchangeable with one another. It seems that this @entity1 is derived from the intralobular vascular system of the parotid gland. This @entity1 is benign in nature and found almost exclusively during the infantile period. Hence, from the clinicopathologic aspect, " @entity5 " seems to be a more suitably descriptive term than simply " @entity4 ".

title: Histopathologic studies of XXXX of the parotid gland.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Expression of @entity4 , a heterodimeric cytokine involved in the induction of Th17 cells, is increased in @entity0 @entity1 . Although the endogenous @entity4 expression has been reported to promote @entity1 development and growth, the studies using local and systemic administration of @entity4 have shown that its application at the excessive amount induces antitumor immune responses. @entity4 is, today, considered the key driver of intestinal @entity3 and its role in inflammatory responses is tissue-specific. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of circulating levels of @entity4 in @entity0 with resected @entity2 ( @entity2 ) before and after chemotherapy, respect to healthy controls. Twenty-five @entity0 were enrolled between June 2007 and January 2009, and followed through 2010. All @entity0 underwent chemotherapy, mostly FOLFOX4. Twenty-sex and age-matched healthy donors were recruited as controls. @entity4 serum concentrations, measured by a quantitative enzyme immunoassay technique, were significantly higher in @entity0 with resected @entity2 (26.02        28.63   pg/ml versus 7.1        6.4   pg/ml, P   <   0.001) and after chemotherapy respect to controls (21.74        23.82   pg/ml versus 7.17        6.43   pg/ml, P   <   0.001). An increase was documented also before chemotherapy (26.02        28.63   pg/ml versus 21.74        23.82   pg/ml, P   =   0.7) but not statistically significant. This work investigated, for the first time, the role of @entity4 in @entity2 resection and chemotherapy, showing no correlation with the severity of disease, @entity1 removal, and chemotherapeutic treatment. However, other works are needed to better clarify if @entity4 could be considered a key-molecule in @entity0 @entity2 and a target for @entity1 treatment.

title: Role of interleukin-23 circulating levels increase in resected XXXX before and after chemotherapy: preliminary data and future perspectives.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We examined the effects of aortic input impedance alteration on left ventricular pressure, aortic flow and ejected volume (integral value of aortic flow), in an isolated blood perfused ejecting @entity1 heart, with special reference to end-systolic values. A hydraulic model which stimulates an aortic input impedance was attached to the aortic root of an excised heart. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure was kept constant by electrical pacing. Three coronary arteries were perfused with arterial blood from support @entity1 . When the peripheral resistance in the hydraulic model was changed, there were inverse linear relationships between @entity0 volume and mean left ventricular systolic pressure and between ejected volume and pressure at end-systole. Time interval from the onset of contraction to end-systole did not change. Thus the relation between @entity0 volume and mean left ventricular pressure obtained by changes in peripheral resistance is governed by a source resistance, which can be considered as the contractile state of the ventricle. When the capacitance (arterial compliance) was changed, there was no inverse linear relation between @entity0 volume and mean systolic pressure. In many cases, there was an inverse linear relationship between ejected volume and pressure at end-systole. However, an increase in capacitance prolonged the time interval from the onset of contraction to end-systole. We conclude that the end-systolic pressure-ejected volume relationship in the ejecting heart is governed not only by contractility but also by arterial capacitance.

title: Effects of changes in the aortic input impedance on systolic pressure-ejected volume relationships in the isolated supported XXXX left ventricle.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Coronary revascularization methods are among the most common major medical procedures performed in industrialized countries. The short- and long-term comparative effectiveness of different techniques remains undetermined. METHODS AND RESULTS: The study population included all adult @entity0 (94,864 subjects) admitted for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in 2004 in Italy, as recorded in the National Hospital Discharge Records. Invasive reperfusion therapy (coronary artery bypass graft, percutaneous coronary intervention), and standard medical treatments were compared. End points were short-term (30-day) in-hospital mortality and any combination of new revascularizations, re- @entity3 , @entity1 , or @entity2 (MACCE) occurring within 6 and 12 months from initial treatment. Risk factors and comorbidities were used to define @entity0 ' health status. The Cox model was applied to evaluate risk-adjusted hazard ratios (HR) for different approaches. Medical treatment was used as the reference category. Propensity score matching was performed to evaluate selection bias in the allocation to CABG or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Both short-term mortality and 6- and 12-month MACCE risk for invasive reperfusion therapy was significantly lower than the reference (HR: 0.50, P < 0.001; 0.54, P < 0.001; 0.64, P < 0.001, respectively). In the matched population, while short-term mortality was significantly lower for PCI (HR 0.36, P < 0.001), long-term MACCE risk was lower for CABG (6-month HR 2.93, P < 0.001; 12-month HR 3.01, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In spite of adjustments for @entity0 ' health status, medical treatment resulted in a higher mortality and increased MACCE risk. While PCI gave the best short-term results, after 1 year the risk of re-interventions or further events was significantly lower for @entity0 undergoing CABG.

title: Effectiveness of invasive reperfusion therapy and standard medical treatment in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: During flapping flight, insect wings must withstand not only fluid-dynamic forces, but also inertial-elastic forces generated by the rapid acceleration and deceleration of their own mass. Estimates of overall aerodynamic and inertial forces vary widely, and the relative importance of these forces in determining passive @entity1 remains unknown. If aeroelastic interactions between a wing and the fluid-dynamic forces it generates are minor compared to the effects of wing inertia, models of insect flight that account for passive @entity3 would be far simpler to develop. We used an experimental approach to examine the contributions of aerodynamic and inertial-elastic forces to wing bending in the hawkmoth @entity2 . We attached fresh Manduca wings to a motor and flapped them at a realistic wing-beat frequency and @entity0 amplitude. We compared wing bending in normal air versus helium (approx. 15% air density), in which the contribution of fluid-dynamic forces to @entity1 is significantly reduced. This 85% reduction in air density produced only slight changes in the pattern of Manduca @entity1 , suggesting that fluid-dynamic forces have a minimal effect on wing bending. We used a simplified finite element model of a wing to show that the differences observed between wings flapped in air versus helium are most likely due to fluid damping, rather than to aerodynamic forces. This suggests that damped finite element models of insect wings (with no fluid-dynamic forces included) may be able to predict overall patterns of wing deformation prior to calculations of aerodynamic force production, facilitating integrative models of insect flight.

title: Into thin air: Contributions of aerodynamic and inertial-elastic forces to wing bending in the hawkmoth XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of our study was to explore the age related changes of the fibre type composition of the @entity0 psoas major muscle. Moreover, we wanted to compare the fibre type composition of the left and right muscle. Muscle samples were collected from 15 young and 15 old males. Type I, IIA and IIX muscle fibres were typed using myosin heavy chain identification. The serial transverse sections were analysed using a light microscope. Results of our study showed that the age-related @entity1 affected all three fibre types. Type IIA fibres were affected most profoundly while type I fibres were affected most weakly. The percentage of the different fibre types did not change during aging. There were no differences in the fibre type composition between the left and right muscle. @entity0 psoas major muscle undergoes normal aging changes with the @entity1 of all three fibre types, whereas @entity1 most profoundly affects type IIA fibres. No differences in the fibre type composition between the left and right muscle point to the equal engagement of both legs in normal everyday activities of @entity0 .

title: Immunohistochemical analysis of the XXXX psoas major muscle with regards to the body side and aging.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Proton @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a noninvasive chemical analysis of metabolites in brain tissue. Metabolite ratios are useful because age dependant normal values are known and differ significantly from the values obtained in various diseases of brain tissues. AIM: The aim of our study was to evaluate whether @entity2 correlates with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), course of disease, pathology of resected @entity1 after preoperative chemotherapy and can be of prognostic value in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight @entity0 with histologically proven @entity4 were studied. All @entity0 underwent @entity2 and MRI at diagnosis and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of VCR,VP, @entity5 ,CBCA. Preoperative chemotherapy was followed by surgery, radiotherapy and maintenance chemotherapy. Assessment whether MRI correlates with @entity2 after preoperative chemotherapy was performed. Additionally @entity2 was correlated with the course of disease and pathology results. RESULTS: Out of 8 @entity0 5 had partial remission of their @entity1 on MRI. Two of them had favorable reaction on @entity2 defined as elevation of NAA and Cr decrease in Cho,Lac/ @entity6 . Both are alive and disease free. In 2 @entity0 no changes, compared with @entity2 at diagnosis were found. Both died of the disease. One had an indistinct positive change and died. Stabilization on MRI was observed in 1 @entity0 , who also had a good reaction on @entity2 . He is alive, disease free. Two @entity0 had disease progression on MRI. Both had poor reaction on @entity2 , one died, one is alive with disease. It was noticed that good response on @entity2 correlated with chemotherapy induced @entity1 changes observed in pathology specimens from resected @entity1 . Small number of @entity0 does not allow to draw conclusions but our results signal that @entity2 might be of prognostic value in @entity3 .

title: [Can proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy be of any value as a prognostic factor in XXXX ?].

answer: @entity4


abstract: In normal lung epithelial cells, cellular division is an ordered, tightly regulated process involving multiple checkpoints that assess extracellular growth signals, cell size, and DNA integrity. In contrast, neoplastic lung cells develop the ability to bypass several of these checkpoints, particularly at the G1/S and G2/M boundaries. We used genomic profiling to compare gene expression levels in early stage @entity5 and non-neoplastic pulmonary tissue in order to comprehensively identify alterations in the process of cell cycling. RNA extracted from node negative, poorly differentiated @entity5 (15 @entity0 ) and non-neoplastic pulmonary tissue (5 @entity0 ) was hybridized to oligonu-cleotide microarray filters containing 44,363 genes. Ontological classification was used to extract genes involved with cell cycle progression. Further analysis discovered a subset of differentially expressed genes for further study. Of the 624 cell cycle genes on the microarray filters, 40 genes were predicted to be differentially expressed in lung adeno- @entity3 . Alterations in several genes (i.e., @entity10 , @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity9 ) are consistent with published data in the literature. We also identified 19 novel genes that have neither been described in @entity4 (i.e., @entity12 , @entity16 , @entity15 , @entity11 , @entity8 , GADD45, @entity19 , @entity18 ) nor in any other @entity2 (i.e., @entity17 , @entity14 , @entity13 ). These results identified several potential cell cycle genes altered in @entity1 .

title: Alterations in cell cycle genes in early stage XXXX identified by expression profiling.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe clinical situations in which a biopsy or resection of the supraorbital nerve may play a role in @entity0 in whom @entity1 secondary to cutaneous head and @entity2 is suspected. METHODS: The clinical records of 230 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of the skin of the head and neck who were treated at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson @entity2 Center between April 1994 and March 2001 were reviewed. Thirty-five @entity0 were identified as having primary lesions on the forehead skin. Of these, 8 @entity0 had microscopic or clinical evidence of @entity1 . Four of these 8 @entity0 had undergone a supraorbital nerve biopsy or resection in the course of their treatment. Although all 4 @entity0 were classified as having had @entity4 , 1 @entity0 had a variant of undifferentiated @entity4 that more appropriately should have been classified as @entity3 . The clinical history was reviewed in each case. The median follow-up time for this cohort was 47 months (range, 24 to 72 months). RESULTS: The 4 cases reported here illustrate that a supraorbital nerve biopsy can help confirm the diagnosis of @entity1 , identify the extent of @entity2 infiltration, and help in staging of particularly aggressive cutaneous @entity2 of the periocular region. Access to the proximal (orbital) portion of the nerve can be accomplished through an anterior orbitotomy. CONCLUSIONS: A biopsy of the peripheral branches of the trigeminal nerve may be indicated as part of the staging or to confirm the diagnosis of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity4 or other locally aggressive cutaneous @entity2 of the head and neck.

title: The role of supraorbital nerve biopsy in cutaneous XXXX of the periocular region.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examines the incidence and factors associated with the failure of homograft valves and identifies those factors that are modifiable. METHODS: From 1990 to 2001, 96 homograft valves were implanted in the right ventricular outflow tract of 83 @entity0 (mean age 5.1 +/- 5.6 years). Clinical and blinded serial echocardiographic follow-up was performed on all 90 valves in the 77 survivors. RESULTS: Eighteen homograft valves were replaced as the result of @entity1 (3), @entity3 (9), or both (6). Freedom from reoperation was 71% at 9 years (95% confidence interval, 58%-84%). Forty-eight valves developed progressive @entity1 of at least 2 grades, 26 valves developed transvalvular gradients of 50 mm Hg or greater, and 14 of these valves were also insufficient. The freedom from echocardiographic failure (progressive @entity1 >or=2 grades or >or=50 mm Hg gradient) was only 27% at 5 years (95% confidence interval, 17%-37%). In a multivariate analysis (Cox regression), use of an aortic homograft (P =.001) and short antibiotic preservation time (P =.04) were associated with reoperation. Younger age (P =.01), ABO mismatch (P =.04), and diagnosis (P =.005) were associated with echocardiographic failure. In the subanalysis of @entity0 with human leukocyte antigen typing, age (P =.002), aortic homograft (P =.04), and human leukocyte antigen-DR mismatch (P =.03) were associated with @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Many homografts rapidly become insufficient and require replacement. In our analysis of both reoperation and echocardiographic failure, several immunologic factors are consistently associated with homograft failure. Matching for human leukocyte antigen-DR, blood group, and avoiding short preservation times (thus minimizing antigenicity) offers the potential to extend the life of these valves.

title: Human leukocyte antigen-DR and ABO mismatch are associated with accelerated homograft valve failure in XXXX : implications for therapeutic interventions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the scope and the limitations of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in orbital and @entity9 . This study was a retrospective audit of 389 cases of orbital and @entity9 subjected to FNAC over a period of 12 years (1998-2009). The cyto-smears were reviewed and the lesions were categorized under different diagnostic categories in adult and pediatric population. Three hundred and one adult @entity0 (age >= 15 years) and 88 pediatric @entity0 (age  <=14 years) constituted the study group. In the adult population, there were 23.3% cases of @entity6 and 12.6% of benign cysts. In the pediatric population, 18.2% cases had @entity6 and 8% had benign cysts. Various @entity2 (9.6% in adults) included @entity10 , @entity7 , and @entity5 . @entity2 predominated in the pediatric population. A majority of @entity2 in adults were @entity2 (12.6%); @entity8 being the most common followed by @entity4 (10.3%). Nearly 3.6% cases of soft tissue/ @entity3 and 6.3% of @entity1 were seen in adult population. However, most of the @entity2 in the pediatric population were malignant small blue round cell @entity2 (33%). FNAC is a cost-effective technique with good diagnostic value in the assessment of ophthalmic lesions, especially when sampling and interpretation are performed by experienced personnel in the light of clinico-radiological information.

title: Spectrum of orbital and XXXX : an analysis of 389 cases diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Psoriasis is an @entity2 affecting 2-4% of the Caucasian population. Inflammatory processes induce the migration of @entity0 producing @entity3 lymphocytes into the skin. These play a key role in the pathogenesis of @entity4 . These @entity3 lymphocytes are responsible for the pathological reactions in psoriatic skin leading to keratinocyte hyperproliferation, small vessel proliferation and neutrophilic infiltration. Antigen-presenting cells activate dermal @entity1 + T lymphocytes, and various signals can support the polarization of @entity3 responses. The main signal for @entity3 development is interleukin (IL) 12. After binding to their receptors both IL-12 and @entity0 promote intracellular @entity0 production by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 4 or 1. @entity6 activation by @entity0 is followed by T-bet activation, a master transcription factor for @entity3 lymphocytes. In experimental models of @entity3 -mediated @entity2 immune deviation of polarized autoreactive @entity3 into anti-inflammatory Th2 responses generally improves the disease. Therefore new therapeutic approaches based on immunomodulating molecules have been developed for @entity4 , a prototypical @entity3 -mediated @entity2 . Recently @entity5 , the most effective Th2-inducing cytokine, has been shown to be safe and efficient for treating @entity4 . Improvement was associated with the induction of a Th2 phenotype of skin infiltrating lymphocytes. This review summarizes the @entity5 inducing potential of various conventional and newer systemic therapies for @entity4 . Many of these were thought to be primarily immunosuppressive. A review of the literature reveals that most of them can induce @entity5 and Th2, and that Th2 induction may be an underestimated mode of action in the therapy of @entity3 -mediated @entity2 . Further studies are needed to determine the central role of @entity5 in the control of @entity3 -induced @entity2 , namely @entity4 .

title: A molecule solves XXXX ? Systemic therapies for @entity4 inducing @entity5 and Th2 responses.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Psoriasis is an @entity2 affecting 2-4% of the Caucasian population. Inflammatory processes induce the migration of @entity0 producing @entity3 lymphocytes into the skin. These play a key role in the pathogenesis of @entity4 . These @entity3 lymphocytes are responsible for the pathological reactions in psoriatic skin leading to keratinocyte hyperproliferation, small vessel proliferation and neutrophilic infiltration. Antigen-presenting cells activate dermal @entity1 + T lymphocytes, and various signals can support the polarization of @entity3 responses. The main signal for @entity3 development is interleukin (IL) 12. After binding to their receptors both IL-12 and @entity0 promote intracellular @entity0 production by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 4 or 1. @entity6 activation by @entity0 is followed by T-bet activation, a master transcription factor for @entity3 lymphocytes. In experimental models of @entity3 -mediated @entity2 immune deviation of polarized autoreactive @entity3 into anti-inflammatory Th2 responses generally improves the disease. Therefore new therapeutic approaches based on immunomodulating molecules have been developed for @entity4 , a prototypical @entity3 -mediated @entity2 . Recently @entity5 , the most effective Th2-inducing cytokine, has been shown to be safe and efficient for treating @entity4 . Improvement was associated with the induction of a Th2 phenotype of skin infiltrating lymphocytes. This review summarizes the @entity5 inducing potential of various conventional and newer systemic therapies for @entity4 . Many of these were thought to be primarily immunosuppressive. A review of the literature reveals that most of them can induce @entity5 and Th2, and that Th2 induction may be an underestimated mode of action in the therapy of @entity3 -mediated @entity2 . Further studies are needed to determine the central role of @entity5 in the control of @entity3 -induced @entity2 , namely @entity4 .

title: A molecule solves @entity4 ? Systemic therapies for XXXX inducing @entity5 and Th2 responses.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Psoriasis is an @entity2 affecting 2-4% of the Caucasian population. Inflammatory processes induce the migration of @entity0 producing @entity3 lymphocytes into the skin. These play a key role in the pathogenesis of @entity4 . These @entity3 lymphocytes are responsible for the pathological reactions in psoriatic skin leading to keratinocyte hyperproliferation, small vessel proliferation and neutrophilic infiltration. Antigen-presenting cells activate dermal @entity1 + T lymphocytes, and various signals can support the polarization of @entity3 responses. The main signal for @entity3 development is interleukin (IL) 12. After binding to their receptors both IL-12 and @entity0 promote intracellular @entity0 production by activating signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 4 or 1. @entity6 activation by @entity0 is followed by T-bet activation, a master transcription factor for @entity3 lymphocytes. In experimental models of @entity3 -mediated @entity2 immune deviation of polarized autoreactive @entity3 into anti-inflammatory Th2 responses generally improves the disease. Therefore new therapeutic approaches based on immunomodulating molecules have been developed for @entity4 , a prototypical @entity3 -mediated @entity2 . Recently @entity5 , the most effective Th2-inducing cytokine, has been shown to be safe and efficient for treating @entity4 . Improvement was associated with the induction of a Th2 phenotype of skin infiltrating lymphocytes. This review summarizes the @entity5 inducing potential of various conventional and newer systemic therapies for @entity4 . Many of these were thought to be primarily immunosuppressive. A review of the literature reveals that most of them can induce @entity5 and Th2, and that Th2 induction may be an underestimated mode of action in the therapy of @entity3 -mediated @entity2 . Further studies are needed to determine the central role of @entity5 in the control of @entity3 -induced @entity2 , namely @entity4 .

title: A molecule solves @entity4 ? Systemic therapies for @entity4 inducing XXXX and Th2 responses.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Kupffer cell depletion by @entity7 ( @entity9 ) in @entity0 livers has previously been proven to minimize @entity2 /reperfusion injury after experimental liver transplantation (LTX). In the current study, we evaluated the effects of donor pretreatment with @entity9 on @entity2 /reperfusion injury, macro- and microcirculation, and endotoxin clearance of the liver in a porcine model of experimental LTX. Two groups of 12 @entity6 were treated either with intravenous @entity5 (0.9%; control) or @entity9 (20 mg/kg). Twenty-four hours after pretreatment, hepatic macrocirculation was quantified by Doppler flowmetry and liver parenchymous microcirculation by implanted thermodiffusion electrodes. The liver grafts were transplanted after 4-6 h of @entity1 in University of Wisconsin (UW) solution. At 1 and 24 h after LTX, the perfusion values were re-evaluated and histology, biochemical ( @entity3 aminotransferase, @entity8 ) and functional parameters (partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and @entity4 ) were analyzed. Furthermore, endotoxin clearance of the liver was evaluated at all time points. In @entity9 -treated animals 80% of the Kupffer cells were destroyed, and 24 h after LTX @entity1 /reperfusion injury in treated grafts was significantly lower in comparison to controls, as shown by histology, @entity8 levels (741+/-490 U/l in controls vs 379+/-159 U/l in treated grafts, P<0.05), survival (67% vs 92%), and enhanced macro- (total transhepatic blood flow [THBF]=112+/-22 ml/min per 100 g in controls vs 157+/-45 ml/min per 100 g in treated grafts, P<or=0.05) and microcirculation (thermodiffusion [TD]=73+/-9 ml/min per 100 g in controls vs 90+/-16 ml/min per 100 g in treated grafts, P<or=0.05). Despite destruction of the macrophage system in the liver, the transhepatic endotoxin gradient of treated livers was enhanced before and 1 h after transplantation (58% in controls vs 85% in treated grafts, P<0.05). Destruction of Kupffer cells of donors by pretreatment with @entity9 in @entity6 is effective in preventing liver graft dys- and nonfunction after LTX. Pretreatment with @entity9 does not diminish but increase hepatic endotoxin clearance.

title: Donor pretreatment with XXXX improves early graft function and survival after porcine liver transplantation.

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Negative pressure @entity1 (NPPE) occurring in the medical intensive care unit (MICU) is an uncommon, probably under-diagnosed, but life-threatening condition. DESIGN: Retrospective data collection. SETTING: Medical intensive care unit in a 1,500-bedded tertiary care hospital. @entity0 AND @entity0 : Five @entity0 were diagnosed between January 1998 and January 2002. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Five @entity0 were diagnosed to have NPPE from different aetiologies. These were acute @entity4 , post-stenting of right bronchus intermedius stenosis, strangulation, compression from a goitre and one @entity0 developed @entity3 after biting the endotracheal tube during recovery from anaesthesia. All @entity0 responded rapidly to supplemental @entity2 , positive pressure ventilation and correction of underlying aetiologies. @entity1 resolved rapidly. CONCLUSIONS: There is a large spectrum of aetiologies causing NPPE in the medical intensive care unit.

title: Negative pressure XXXX in the medical intensive care unit.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We examined the effects of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and BAL fluid characteristics on the systemic proinflammatory cytokine expression and their relation to clinical and laboratory findings. Thirty @entity0 suspected to have @entity1 were subjected to fiber-optic bronchoscopy (FOB) and BAL. Clinical and laboratory findings were determined at baseline, 4 h, and 24 h, including lung auscultation, temperature, chest X-ray, WBC, neutrophils, and serum @entity4 , @entity3 , and @entity2 . BAL fluid characteristics were determined including cytokine levels. Fifteen volunteers served as controls to determine serum variation of the same cytokines. Significant temperature elevation was defined as 1 degrees C increase compared to baseline. BAL was associated with temperature and serum @entity2 and @entity3 but not @entity4 increase at 4 h. Four @entity0 (13.3%) developed temperature over 38 degrees C. In controls there were no significant changes between baseline and 24 h measurements for the same cytokines. Eleven @entity0 (36.6%) developed a significant temperature elevation 4 h after BAL. These @entity0 had a statistically significant ( p < 0.05) increase in serum @entity3 at 4 h and in @entity2 at both 4 and 24 h after BAL compared with the nonsignificant temperature increase group. BAL characteristics were not different between the two groups. On the other hand, BAL fluid @entity3 and @entity2 levels were significantly higher ( p < 0.05) in the nonfever group. Significant temperature increase was observed in 36.6% of the @entity0 undergoing BAL and associated with significant serum @entity2 and @entity3 increase at 4 h. Lung cytokines levels, alveolar macrophages, and BAL fluid characteristics are not related to temperature and serum proinflammatory cytokine increase. The hypothesis of alveolar macrophages derive from cytokine production and shift to the systemic circulation cannot be supported by our data.

title: Temperature and serum proinflammatory cytokine changes in XXXX with NSCLC after BAL.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity1 are a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders that can be subdivided in pure @entity0 , @entity0 , and paroxymal @entity0 . Four pure @entity1 loci have been mapped to date, @entity2 , 6, 7, and 13, with varying penetrance. We report the mapping of a novel locus for a late-onset form of @entity3 in a family from northern Sweden. The disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner with a penetrance that may be as high as 90%. The @entity3 locus in this family was mapped to chromosome 2q14.3-q21.3 using an Illumina linkage panel. We also confirmed the linkage, using ten tightly linked microsatellite markers in the region, giving a maximum LOD score of 5.59 for marker D2S1260. The disease-critical region is 3.6-8.9 Mb depending on the disease status of one individual carrying a centromeric recombination. Mutational analysis was performed on 22 genes in the disease-critical region, including all known and hypothetical genes in the smaller, 3.6-Mb region, but no disease-specific mutations were identified. Copy number variation analysis of the region did not reveal any deletions or duplications. In order to increase the chances of finding the disease gene, fine-mapping may be necessary to decrease the region of interest. This report will hopefully result in the identification of additional @entity0 families with linkage to the same locus, and thereby, refinement of the disease critical region.

title: A high-penetrance form of late-onset XXXX maps to a novel locus (DYT21) on chromosome 2q14.3-q21.3.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a rare disease without effective chemotherapy treated most appropriately with resection. The aim of this study was to evaluate our experience with liver resection for metastatic @entity2 . METHODS: This study is a retrospective review of @entity0 who underwent liver resection or radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for @entity2 from 1979 to 2009. RESULTS: A total of 27 @entity0 were identified. Of the 27, 19 underwent liver resection. Of the 19, 10 had a single @entity1 , and 18 of 19 were rendered free of @entity1 , although only 11 of 19 were rendered completely free of disease because of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Of the 19, 13 had synchronous @entity3 . Also, 6 of 17 remained disease free in the liver at a median follow-up of 6.2 years (status of 2 of 19 was unknown). Of the 27 @entity0 , 8 underwent RFA, 7 of 8 became free of @entity1 , and 5 of 7 had @entity3 . No @entity0 responded to prior chemotherapy. Median overall survival and survival of @entity0 who underwent liver resection or RFA were both 1.9 years (0.2-12 + years); 5-year actuarial survivals were 29% and 29%, respectively. Disease-free interval (DFI) greater than 9 months from primary resection was associated with longer survival (median 4.1 vs 0.9 years; P = .013). CONCLUSIONS: This study is a tertiary institution series of liver resection and RFA for @entity2 . Given the lack of effective systemic treatment options and the safety of resection and ablation, liver resection or RFA may be considered in selected @entity0 with @entity2 metastatic to the liver especially with a long DFI.

title: Liver resection and ablation for metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: One hundred carotid endarterectomies were performed using selective shunting based on @entity3 ( @entity3 ) for the detection of cortical @entity2 . Changes associated with @entity2 were loss of frequency and amplitude. The results of @entity3 were correlated with carotid stump pressure (CSP) measurements. Only one (4%) of the 25 @entity0 who developed an abnormal EEG had a mean CSP greater than 50 mmHg: however, @entity3 was positive in only 24 (45%) of the 53 @entity0 with a CSP less than 50 mmHg. Using EEG as a standard, no CSP criterion (50 or 25 mmHg) was sufficiently sensitive and specific to recommend its routine use (50 mmHg--96% and 61% respectively; 25 mmHg--40% and 96% respectively). Operative mortality was 1%. The three intraoperative @entity1 (3%), one transient and two permanent, are analyzed with respect to the operative EEG findings. In the 100 endarterectomy @entity0 and three more undergoing carotid exploration or excision of @entity4 EEG changes due to anesthetic problems not associated with carotid clamping were often identified. In 48 additional endarterectomies a computerized display and disk storage of six selected EEG leads, each with a reference trace for comparison, has provided information equivalent to that from the full EEG. EEG monitoring is more accurate than CSP measurement for identifying @entity0 who require shunting, safely dispensing with a shunt in many cases which would otherwise be shunted by standard CSP criteria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Advantages of XXXX during carotid artery surgery.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Premenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 receiving adjuvant chemotherapy are at risk for @entity9 . The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-30 trial included @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and quality-of-life (QOL) studies to compare treatments on these outcomes. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to sequential @entity4 (A) and @entity5 (C) followed by @entity7 (T; @entity10 ), concurrent TAC, or @entity6 , which varied in duration (24, 12, 12 weeks, respectively), and use of C. Endocrine therapy was prescribed for @entity1 with hormone receptor-positive @entity2 . @entity8 and QOL were assessed with standardized questionnaires at baseline; cycle 4, day 1; and every 6 months through 24 months. Prespecified analyses examined rates of @entity9 by treatment arm, the relationship between @entity9 and QOL, and QOL by treatment arm. RESULTS: @entity9 12 months after random assignment was significantly different between treatment groups: 69.8% for AC > T, 57.7% for TAC, and 37.9% for @entity6 (P < .001). The @entity6 group without @entity3 had the lowest rate of @entity9 . QOL was poorer for @entity1 receiving AC > T at 6 months but similar to others by 12 months. Post-treatment symptoms were increased above baseline for all treatments. Multivariable repeated measures modeling demonstrated that treatment arm, time point, age, and @entity3 use were significantly associated with symptom severity (all P values < .002). CONCLUSION: @entity9 rates differed significantly by treatment arm, with the @entity6 arm having the lowest rate. @entity1 treated with longer duration therapy ( @entity10 ) had greater symptom severity and poorer QOL at 6 months, but did not differ from shorter duration treatments at 12 months.

title: Menstrual history and quality-of-life outcomes in @entity1 with XXXX treated with adjuvant therapy on the NSABP B-30 trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Premenopausal @entity1 with @entity0 receiving adjuvant chemotherapy are at risk for @entity9 . The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-30 trial included @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and quality-of-life (QOL) studies to compare treatments on these outcomes. @entity1 AND METHODS: @entity1 were randomly assigned to sequential @entity4 (A) and @entity5 (C) followed by @entity7 (T; @entity10 ), concurrent TAC, or @entity6 , which varied in duration (24, 12, 12 weeks, respectively), and use of C. Endocrine therapy was prescribed for @entity1 with hormone receptor-positive @entity2 . @entity8 and QOL were assessed with standardized questionnaires at baseline; cycle 4, day 1; and every 6 months through 24 months. Prespecified analyses examined rates of @entity9 by treatment arm, the relationship between @entity9 and QOL, and QOL by treatment arm. RESULTS: @entity9 12 months after random assignment was significantly different between treatment groups: 69.8% for AC > T, 57.7% for TAC, and 37.9% for @entity6 (P < .001). The @entity6 group without @entity3 had the lowest rate of @entity9 . QOL was poorer for @entity1 receiving AC > T at 6 months but similar to others by 12 months. Post-treatment symptoms were increased above baseline for all treatments. Multivariable repeated measures modeling demonstrated that treatment arm, time point, age, and @entity3 use were significantly associated with symptom severity (all P values < .002). CONCLUSION: @entity9 rates differed significantly by treatment arm, with the @entity6 arm having the lowest rate. @entity1 treated with longer duration therapy ( @entity10 ) had greater symptom severity and poorer QOL at 6 months, but did not differ from shorter duration treatments at 12 months.

title: Menstrual history and quality-of-life outcomes in XXXX with @entity0 treated with adjuvant therapy on the NSABP B-30 trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Obstetrical @entity3 occurs at a frequency of 0.6 to 2.5 per 1000 births. 80 to 95% of these lesions recover spontaneously. If spontaneous recovery does not occur within the first six months of life, investigations like electrophysiology, and CT-myelography and surgical exploration of the brachial plexus are recommended. During the last ten years 73 @entity0 with obstetrical @entity3 were examined in our department. 29 newborns underwent surgery on the brachial plexus. In 20 out of 29 @entity0 nerve root @entity1 were diagnosed preoperatively. We performed in 16 cases nerve grafting after @entity2 , in four cases nerve grafting combined with neurotization, in seven cases external or internal neurolysis, and in the remaining two cases neurotization and plexo-plexal transfer, respectively. The @entity0 were followed up between 18 and 50 months (range 27 months) in 18 cases. Elbow function according to Gilbert scale achieved one half of the @entity0 four to five points and the other half two to three points. We found shoulder function with abduction between 45 degrees to 128 degrees and external rotation in 61% (Grade II to V, according to Gilbert scale). In 31% hand function showed Grade III and IV (Gilbert and Raimondi scale). We recommend decision for surgery at the age of six months. Operation should be planned between six to nine months of life. In addition, physical therapy and options including muscle transfers and orthopaedic procedures must be available to ensure the optimal outcome for these @entity0 .

title: [Management of obstetrical XXXX --own experience with the primary operative technique].

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine distribution of central @entity1 (CCS) across subjects after 8 hr of @entity3 wearing @entity4 hydrogel lenses with various @entity2 transmissibility (Dk/t) values and in eyes without lenses. METHODS: Twenty-nine neophytes wore lotrafilcon A (Dk, 140), balafilcon A (Dk, 91), @entity5 (Dk, 60), and senofilcon A (Dk, 103) lenses in powers -3.00, -10.00, and +6.00 diopters on separate nights, in random order, and on 1 eye only. The contralateral eye (no lens) served as the control. Central corneal thickness was measured using a digital optical pachometer before lens insertion and immediately after lens removal on waking. RESULTS: The average difference between the mean (7%) and the median (6.8%) CCS of all lenses was only 0.2%, suggesting a normal distribution. There was no correlation between the mean and the range of the CCS (r=0.058, P=0.766). Normal CCS distributions were also found with each @entity3 and the control eye (P>0.20 for all). There was a significant correlation between @entity3 (r=0.895, P<0.001) and between lotrafilcon A and each of the other 3 lenses for mean CCS across the study @entity0 (P<0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Distribution of @entity1 in both @entity3 followed a normal curve. An individual's @entity1 response seems to be independent of lens type.

title: Distribution of overnight @entity1 across subjects with 4 different XXXX hydrogel lenses.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine distribution of central @entity1 (CCS) across subjects after 8 hr of @entity3 wearing @entity4 hydrogel lenses with various @entity2 transmissibility (Dk/t) values and in eyes without lenses. METHODS: Twenty-nine neophytes wore lotrafilcon A (Dk, 140), balafilcon A (Dk, 91), @entity5 (Dk, 60), and senofilcon A (Dk, 103) lenses in powers -3.00, -10.00, and +6.00 diopters on separate nights, in random order, and on 1 eye only. The contralateral eye (no lens) served as the control. Central corneal thickness was measured using a digital optical pachometer before lens insertion and immediately after lens removal on waking. RESULTS: The average difference between the mean (7%) and the median (6.8%) CCS of all lenses was only 0.2%, suggesting a normal distribution. There was no correlation between the mean and the range of the CCS (r=0.058, P=0.766). Normal CCS distributions were also found with each @entity3 and the control eye (P>0.20 for all). There was a significant correlation between @entity3 (r=0.895, P<0.001) and between lotrafilcon A and each of the other 3 lenses for mean CCS across the study @entity0 (P<0.001 for all). CONCLUSIONS: Distribution of @entity1 in both @entity3 followed a normal curve. An individual's @entity1 response seems to be independent of lens type.

title: Distribution of overnight XXXX across subjects with 4 different @entity4 hydrogel lenses.

answer: @entity1