abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 with penetrating wounds to the neck present with overt symptoms and/or signs or are asymptomatic or modestly/moderately symptomatic. With overt symptoms and/or signs, immediate resuscitation and an emergency operation are appropriate. Asymptomatic @entity0 or those with modest or moderate symptoms and/or signs undergo observation or a diagnostic evaluation to avoid the 45  % "negative" exploration rate documented in the past (denominator  =  all @entity0 ). Asymptomatic @entity0 with penetration of the platysma muscle, but no signs of a @entity3 , should undergo serial physical examinations every 6-8 for 24-36  h before discharge. Noncontrast CT does not add to the accuracy of serial physical examinations. In stable @entity0 with a variety of modest/moderate symptoms or signs possibly related to an @entity4 , CT-arteriography has become the diagnostic modality of choice. @entity0 with possible @entity1 to the cervical esophagus are often still evaluated with a Gastrografin swallow and, if needed, a "thin" barium swallow prior to fiberoptic esophagoscopy. CT-esophagograms are likely to replace these time-honored studies in the near future. Over 85  % of @entity0 with @entity1 to the @entity2 present with overt symptoms or signs, while the remainder have historically been evaluated with laryngoscopy and fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Again, cervical multislice CT is likely to replace these studies. Operative repair of the carotid artery with 6-0 @entity5 sutures requires heparinization and shunting on rare occasions. Both the @entity2 and esophagus are repaired with 3-0 absorbable sutures, and tracheostomy and esophageal diversion are used in only large and/or complex @entity1 . Sternal head or sternocleiodomastoid interposition flaps are used when combined visceral and @entity3 are present.

title: Penetrating Cervical XXXX : "Current Concepts in Penetrating @entity1 ", IATSIC Symposium, International Surgical Society, Helsinki, Finland, August 25-29, 2013.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Microvascular invasion is a well-known risk factor for @entity2 recurrence and mortality after hepatic resection and liver transplant. We sought to determine the clinico-pathological predictive factors associated with microvascular invasion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied all @entity0 who had undergone liver transplant because of @entity2 between July 2001 and December 2010 at our institution. Laboratory tests, clinical, and demographic data were obtained. Histopathological @entity4 and @entity5 specimens were performed by a single liver pathologist. RESULTS: During the study, 107 @entity0 had LT because of @entity2 and they were selected for this investigation: 76 were @entity0 (71%) and 31 @entity0 (29%) (mean age, 56.8    8.7 y). It was not possible to retrieve histologic samples from 5 @entity0 ; therefore, the final studied analysis was 102 individuals. @entity1 recurrence rate was 12.9%. One-, three- and five-year overall survivals were 75.0%, 71.4%, and 67.5%. Mitotic index, histologic grade, @entity1 architecture, @entity3 , and @entity1 fibrosis were associated with microvascular invasion on univariate analysis. Significant independent predictors of microvascular invasion on logistic regression analysis were histologic grade and mitotic index (P < .001; odds ratio, 3.16; 95% confidence interval, 1.525-4.156, and P = .046; odds ratio, 2.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.061-6.451). CONCLUSIONS: Mitotic index and histologic grade are significant predictors of microvascular invasion. No other risk factor was identified in the logistic regression. As both pathological characteristics may be assessed by liver biopsy, these results highlight the importance of discussing pretransplant liver biopsy to access prognosis and define treatment modalities in the setting of liver transplant.

title: Histologic Grade and Mitotic Index as Predictors of Microvascular XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: During urethral pressure profile (UPP) studies under gradually increasing stress, the maximum urethral closure pressure decreases. This observation led to a simple urodynamic test which allows the estimation of the maximum stress (intensity of cough) tolerated by the urethra before leakage begins. The determination of this critical pressure forms the basis of the @entity3 scale. The urethra of a female @entity0 can be characterized by the amplitude of this maximum stress (in cm @entity2 ) the urethra can handle and still remain continent. The cough intensity scale has been divided into 5 segments, defining 5 degrees of @entity3 . The critical pressure, which determines the degree of @entity3 is a constant value for a given @entity0 , provided the bladder volume is kept constant and the position of the @entity0 during the examination is unchanged. This method establishes the functional status of the female urethra as far as its sphincteric capabilities are concerned under different stress conditions. It represents the degree of pressure transmission from the abdominal cavity to the proximal urethra during stress. It evaluates objectively the functional results of different surgical or medical therapeutic modalities to cure genuine stress incontinence. It allows a better selection of @entity0 with @entity1 and genuine stress incontinence who will more likely benefit from a retropubic cystourethropexy.

title: Objective assessment of resistance of female urethra to stress. A scale to establish degree of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Kingella kingae is a fastidious gram-negative rod related to the Neisseriae. Together with data from published cases of K. kingae infection, we report the clinical and laboratory findings from 10 cases in western Sweden; a specific serological reaction is also described. The diagnoses were @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity3 , @entity2 , @entity7 and phlegmon. The data from the Swedish cases, together with those from previous reports in the literature provided the basis for an analysis of a total of 33 cases, ranging from self-limiting to potentially fatal infections. In @entity1 (n = 19), including 3 cases of @entity3 , the course was usually protracted but subacute and benign, although the full-blown, acute @entity6 was also encountered. @entity2 (n = 10) was characterized by a stormy clinical course and the development of significant sequelae. The majority of the @entity0 were previously healthy @entity0 . 42% of them had a current or @entity4 . After start of antibiotic treatment @entity0 were afebrile within a few days. Betalactam antibiotics should be regarded as the drugs of choice for coping with K. kingae. We stress the @entity1 in @entity0 and urge the importance of early puncture of a suspected focus to establish a correct diagnosis without delay. The clinical data suggest that K. kingae should be regarded as a significant pathogen.

title: XXXX : a review and a presentation of data from 10 Swedish cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. Concentrations of @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity1 were measured in the submucosa and myenteric plexus of innervated and extrinsically denervated @entity0 ileum using a sensitive radioisotope enzymatic assay for @entity5 . 2. Subcellular fractionation studies indicated that the microsomal fraction obtained from both layers of the normal ileum was greatly enriched with @entity2 compared to the total homogenate. Low levels of @entity3 and @entity1 were also detected in both layers of the ileum. 3. After extrinsic denervation or pretreatment with @entity4 , @entity2 was reduced to less than 3% and could no longer be visualized histochemically. Small proportions of the @entity3 and @entity1 also disappeared after extrinsic denervation. 4. The residual amounts of @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity1 present after extrinsic denervation were not sensitive to @entity4 and were not concentrated in microsomal fractions suggesting that these @entity6 are not stored as neurotransmitters in intrinsic neurons of the intestine.

title: Residual XXXX in extrinsically denervated @entity0 ileum.

answer: @entity5


abstract: 1. Concentrations of @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity1 were measured in the submucosa and myenteric plexus of innervated and extrinsically denervated @entity0 ileum using a sensitive radioisotope enzymatic assay for @entity5 . 2. Subcellular fractionation studies indicated that the microsomal fraction obtained from both layers of the normal ileum was greatly enriched with @entity2 compared to the total homogenate. Low levels of @entity3 and @entity1 were also detected in both layers of the ileum. 3. After extrinsic denervation or pretreatment with @entity4 , @entity2 was reduced to less than 3% and could no longer be visualized histochemically. Small proportions of the @entity3 and @entity1 also disappeared after extrinsic denervation. 4. The residual amounts of @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity1 present after extrinsic denervation were not sensitive to @entity4 and were not concentrated in microsomal fractions suggesting that these @entity6 are not stored as neurotransmitters in intrinsic neurons of the intestine.

title: Residual @entity5 in extrinsically denervated XXXX ileum.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Valve-sparing aortic root techniques have progressively gained ground in the treatment of @entity2 and @entity1 . By avoiding anticoagulation therapy they offer a good alternative to composite graft replacement. This systematic review describes the reported outcome of valve-sparing aortic root replacement, focusing on the remodeling and reimplantation technique. A systematic literature search on the characteristics of and outcomes after valve-sparing aortic root replacement revealed 1,659 articles. The inclusion criteria were a focus on valve-sparing aortic root replacement in adults with @entity2 , presentation of survival data, and inclusion of at least 30 @entity0 . Data were pooled by inverse variance weighting and analyzed by linear regression. Of 1,659 articles published between January 1, 2000, and January 1, 2014, 31 were included (n  = 4,777 @entity0 ). The mean age at operation was 51    14.7 years, and 14% of @entity0 had a bicuspid aortic valve. The reimplantation technique was used in 72% and remodeling in 27% (1% other). No clinical advantage in terms of survival and reoperation of one technique over the other was found. Cusp repair was performed in 33%. Pooled early mortality was 2% (n  = 103). During follow-up (21,716 @entity0 -years), 262 @entity0 died (survival 92%), and 228 (5%) underwent reoperation, mainly valve replacement. Major adverse valve-related events were low (1.66% @entity0 -years). Preoperative severe @entity1 showed a trend toward higher reoperation rate. Remodeling and reimplantation techniques show comparable survival and valve durability results, providing a valid alternative to composite valve replacement. The heterogeneity in the data underlines the need  for a collaborative effort to standardize outcome reporting.

title: Reported Outcome After Valve-Sparing Aortic Root Replacement for XXXX : A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Ninety six middle aged male @entity0 with chronic @entity5 with relatively well preserved ventilatory function who were resident in Queensland, New South Wales, or Victoria took part in a prospective study to determine the relationship of various factors to the rate of decline of the FEV1. Thirty of the subjects withdrew, leaving 66 to be followed for four to six years. The mean rate of decline of the FEV1 was 58.6 (SD 51.4) ml/year. The subjects' ventilatory responses to bronchodilator and to @entity4 (measures of bronchial lability) were significantly related to each other and to sputum @entity2 . With a linear model for the data on 57 @entity0 who had @entity4 and skin tests the rate of decline of the FEV1 was found, after adjustment had been made for other variables, to be significantly related to State of residence, current smoking, response to bronchodilator, age, and occupational exposure to dust. Response to bronchodilator was interchangeable with response to @entity4 . With the five variables in the model none of the following factors was related to the rate of decline of the FEV1:FEV1 on entry, FEV1% predicted normal, FEV1/VC%, skin test reaction, occupation on entry, history of @entity1 and @entity3 , and height. When data from all 66 subjects were introduced into the model, in addition to the five significant individual variables (FEV1/VC% X response to bronchodilator) was significantly related to the rate of decline of the FEV1. Of these prognostic indices, response to bronchodilator was independent of the initial FEV1, FEV/VC%, and FEV1% predicted. The difference between States, which was not explained by differences due to sampling or withdrawal of subjects, was due to a low rate of decline in Queensland.

title: Factors affecting the decline of ventilatory function in chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity6 , such as of the colon and pancreas, are highly resistant to both standard and targeted therapeutics. Therapy-resistant and heterogeneous @entity6 harbor highly complex signaling networks (the resistome) that resist apoptotic programming. Commonly used @entity1 or @entity5 -based regimens fail to induce meaningful (i.e. disease-reversing) perturbations in the resistome, resulting in high rates of treatment failure. The @entity6 resistance networks are, in part, due to interactions between parallel signaling and aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) that collectively promote the development and survival of drug-resistant @entity0 stem cells with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics. The lack of understanding of the resistance networks associated with this subpopulation of cells as well as reductionist, single protein-/pathway-targeted approaches have made 'effective drug design' a difficult task. We propose that the successful design of novel therapeutic regimens to target @entity6 is only possible if network-based drug avenues and agents, in particular 'natural agents' with no known @entity2 , are correctly identified. Natural agents (dietary agents or their synthetic derivatives) can individually alter miRNA profiles, suppress EMT pathways and eliminate @entity0 stem-like cells that derive from @entity4 and @entity3 , by partially targeting multiple yet meaningful networks within the @entity6 resistome. However, the efficacy of these agents as combinations (e.g. consumed in the diet) against this resistome has never been studied. This short review article provides an overview of the different challenges involved in the understanding of the GI resistome, and how novel computational biology can help in the design of effective therapies to overcome resistance.    2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

title: Novel Holistic Approaches for Overcoming Therapy Resistance in Pancreatic and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: d-Dimer is a prothrombotic biomarker and a very sensitive measure of endogenous fibrinolysis. It is used as a screening test for suspected @entity4 . This study investigated whether d-dimer levels were increased in the varicose veins of @entity0 in comparison to their own arm samples. @entity0 , n = 24, 17 male, age 45 (25-91), C2-6, awaiting saphenous laser ablation were compared to matched controls, n = 24, 17 male, age 42 (24-89). Concurrent venous blood samples were taken from the arm and a lower @entity2 /ankle (varicose) vein. The median (interquartile range) d-dimer (ng/mL) level was significantly greater in the ankle than in the arm blood of the same @entity0 at 319 (164-631) versus 281 (167-562), P = .003, Wilcoxon. This did not occur in the controls at 269 (80-564) versus 262 (106-526), P = .361, Wilcoxon. The results indicate increased endogenous fibrinolysis in varicose veins compared with arm blood. This suggests there is more @entity3 activity or dissolution of formed subclinical fibrin @entity3 which may explain the association of varicose veins with @entity3 . This contrasts with earlier studies reporting a @entity5 in fibrinolysis in @entity1 .

title: d-Dimer Levels are Significantly Increased in Blood Taken From Varicose Veins Compared With Antecubital Blood From the Same XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Uropathogenic strains of @entity1 (UPEC) are the major cause of @entity0 . Survival in the bloodstream is associated with different mechanisms that help to resist serum complement-mediated killing. While phenotypic heterogeneity of bacteria has been shown to influence antibiotic tolerance, the possibility that it makes cells refractory to killing by the immune system has not been experimentally tested. In the current work we asked whether the heterogeneity of bacterial cultures is relevant to bacterial targeting by the serum complement system. We monitored cell divisions in the UPEC strain CFT073 with fluorescent reporter protein. Stationary phase cells were incubated in active or heat-inactivated human serum in the presence or absence of different antibiotics ( @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity4 ), and cell division and complement protein C3 binding were measured by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy. Heterogeneity in the doubling times of CFT073 cells in serum enabled three phenotypically different subpopulations to be distinguished, all of them being recognized by the C3 component of the complement system. The population of rapidly-growing cells resists serum complement-mediated lysis. The dominant subpopulation of cells with intermediate growth rate is susceptible to serum. The third population, which does not resume growth upon dilution from stationary phase, is simultaneously protected from serum complement and antibiotics.

title: Phenotypic heterogeneity enables uropathogenic XXXX to evade killing by antibiotics and serum complement.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Community engagement has contributed to disease control and elimination in many countries. Community engagement in @entity1 elimination (ME) on Aneityum Island has been sustained since its introduction in the early 1990s. Capacity developed within this population has led to a health empowered community response. Health Empowerment Theory (HET) can account for the innovative community actions and capacity development  efforts taken to realize and sustain meaningful changes in well-being. This study used the HET framework to investigate @entity0 perceptions of ME efforts on the island focusing on two HET elements, personal and social-contextual resources. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of empowerment as a critical element of community engagement. METHODS: Six focus group discussions, ten key informant interviews and 17 in-depth interviews were conducted in July 2012 on Aneityum. Both deductive and inductive approaches to qualitative content analysis were used to identify themes, which were condensed, coded and classified based on the HET elements above. RESULTS: Awareness and use of personal and social-contextual resources played an important role in ME efforts. Most @entity0 shared their knowledge to prevent @entity1 reintroduction. Many @entity0 reported their skills  needed for behavioral maintenance, problem-solving or leadership. @entity0 who perceived a threat took preventive actions even in the dry season. Community leaders focused on second generation capacity development. A local health coalition provided ME services. Members of networks were sources of information and assistance. Face-to-face was the preferred method of communication. Barriers to engagement (e.g., financial difficulties,  health literacy issues and underdeveloped infrastructure) were minimized through active collaboration and mutual assistance. CONCLUSIONS: In the community engagement continuum, health empowerment develops incrementally overtime as @entity0 gain their knowledge and skills, @entity2 and develop collaborative networks (social capital) to make decisions and take action for change. Community engagement, which facilitates local personal and social-contextual resource development, has potential for ME and multilevel empowerment through community-based capacity development processes. These self-empowered communities have written and will continue to write a 'prescription' for sustaining high levels of engagement.

title: A prescription for sustaining community engagement in XXXX elimination on Aneityum Island, Vanuatu: an application of Health Empowerment Theory.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Carotid webs may cause recurrent @entity2 . We describe the prevalence, demographics, clinical presentation, imaging features, histopathology, and @entity1 risk associated with this under-recognized lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A carotid web was defined on CTA as a thin intraluminal filling defect along the posterior wall of the carotid bulb just beyond the carotid bifurcation on oblique sagittal section CTA that was seen as a septum on axial CTA. Using a prospective case series from April 2013 to April 2014, we describe the demographics, spectrum of imaging features on CTA, and histopathology of these carotid webs. From a retrospective analysis of @entity0 at our center from May 2012 to April 2013 who had a baseline head and neck CTA followed by a brain MR imaging within 1-2 days of the CTA, we determine the period prevalence of carotid webs and the prevalence of @entity1 on imaging. RESULTS: In the prospective series, the mean age was 50 years (range, 41-55 years); 5/7 @entity0 were @entity0 . Recurrent @entity1 was seen in 5/7 (71.4%) @entity0 with the carotid web; time to recurrence ranged from 1 to 97 months. Histopathology suggested a high probability of @entity3 . In the retrospective series, carotid webs were seen in 7/576 @entity0 for a hospital-based-period prevalence of 1.2% (95% CI, 0.4%-2.5%). Two of these 7 @entity0 had @entity1 in the vascular territory of the carotid web. CONCLUSIONS: A carotid web may contribute to recurrent @entity2 in @entity0 with no other determined @entity1 mechanism. Intimal variant @entity3 is the pathologic diagnosis in most cases. The prevalence of carotid web is low, while the optimal management strategy remains unknown.

title: Carotid Webs and Recurrent XXXX in the Era of CT Angiography.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is one of the subgroups of chronic non-specific @entity3 . Thai @entity1 farmers often have poor sustained postures during a @entity1 planting process and start their farming at an early age. However, individual associated factors of @entity2 are not known and have rarely been diagnosed in @entity3 . This study aimed to determine the prevalence and individual associated factors of @entity2 in Thai @entity1 farmers. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 323 Thai @entity1 farmers in a rural area of Khon Kaen province, Thailand. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using the 13-item Delphi criteria questionnaire, after which an objective examination was performed using aberrant movement sign, @entity0 catch sign, and prone instability test to obtain information. Individual factors such as sex, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, smoking, and number of years of farming experience, were recorded during the face-to-face interview. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity2 in Thai @entity1 farmers calculated by the method described in this study was 13% (age 44  10 years). Number of years of farming experience was found to be significantly correlated with the prevalence of @entity2 (adjusted odds ratio =2.02, 95% confidence interval =1.03-3.98, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study provides prevalence of @entity2 in Thai @entity1 farmers. Those with long-term farming experience of at least 30 years have a greater risk of @entity2 .

title: Prevalence and individual risk factors associated with clinical lumbar instability in @entity1 farmers with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is one of the subgroups of chronic non-specific @entity3 . Thai @entity1 farmers often have poor sustained postures during a @entity1 planting process and start their farming at an early age. However, individual associated factors of @entity2 are not known and have rarely been diagnosed in @entity3 . This study aimed to determine the prevalence and individual associated factors of @entity2 in Thai @entity1 farmers. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 323 Thai @entity1 farmers in a rural area of Khon Kaen province, Thailand. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using the 13-item Delphi criteria questionnaire, after which an objective examination was performed using aberrant movement sign, @entity0 catch sign, and prone instability test to obtain information. Individual factors such as sex, body mass index, waist-hip ratio, smoking, and number of years of farming experience, were recorded during the face-to-face interview. RESULTS: The prevalence of @entity2 in Thai @entity1 farmers calculated by the method described in this study was 13% (age 44  10 years). Number of years of farming experience was found to be significantly correlated with the prevalence of @entity2 (adjusted odds ratio =2.02, 95% confidence interval =1.03-3.98, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: This study provides prevalence of @entity2 in Thai @entity1 farmers. Those with long-term farming experience of at least 30 years have a greater risk of @entity2 .

title: Prevalence and individual risk factors associated with clinical lumbar instability in XXXX farmers with @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the @entity0 's Republic of China, both western medicine (WM) and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are the main treatment and rehabilitation options for @entity1 @entity0 . This study aimed to explore @entity1 survivors' perspectives and experience of treatment and rehabilitation, in order to promote @entity0 -centered activities of treatment and rehabilitation. METHODS: Using a qualitative research approach, 68 @entity1 survivors were recruited from eight community @entity1 rehabilitation organizations in Shanghai, @entity0 's Republic of China. Eight focus group interviews were conducted. All these interviews were transcribed verbatim, and the data were analyzed by theme analysis. RESULTS: WM was the main choice in treatment phase though study @entity0 noted more side effects. TCM was primarily used in the recovery phase. The lack of communication between doctors and @entity1 @entity0 appears to affect treatment adherence and impair the doctor- @entity0 relationship. WM was expensive for diagnostic procedures and treatment, while the cumulative costs of frequent use of TCM in the long rehabilitation period were also high. Both treatment options created significant perceived economic burden on @entity0 . Conflicting information about dietary supplements tended to make @entity1 survivors confused. CONCLUSION: Improving the communication between doctors and @entity1 @entity0 helps to ameliorate @entity1 @entity0 adherence and the effect of treatments. It is essential to educate @entity1 @entity0 about the effect and cost of both WM and traditional TCM. Meanwhile, marketing management and guidance to consumers regarding use of dietary supplements in the @entity1 rehabilitation field are also necessary.

title: XXXX survivors' perspectives and experience on western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine treatment and rehabilitation: a qualitative study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Interactions between species are especially sensitive to environmental changes. The interaction between plants and pollinators is of particular interest given the potential current global decline in pollinators. Reduced pollinator services can be compensated for in some plant species by self-pollination. However, if inbreeding @entity0 is high, selfed progeny could die prior to reaching adulthood, leading to @entity1 recruitment failure. METHODS: To examine this scenario, pollinator abundance, pollen limitation, selfing rates and inbreeding @entity0 were examined in 12 populations of varying disturbance levels in Sophora microphylla (Fabaceae), an endemic New Zealand tree species. KEY RESULTS: High pollen limitation was found in all populations (average of 58  % reduction in seed production, nine populations), together with high selfing rates (61  % of offspring selfed, six populations) and high inbreeding @entity0 (selfed offspring 86  % less fit, six populations). Pollen limitation was associated with lower visitation rates by the two endemic bird pollinators. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that for these populations, over half of the seeds produced are genetically doomed. This reduction in the fitness of progeny due to reduced pollinator service is probably important to population dynamics of other New Zealand species. More broadly, the results suggest that measures of seed production or seedling densities may be a gross overestimate of the effective offspring production. This could lead to @entity1 recruitment failure, i.e. a decline in successful reproduction despite high progeny production. Given the global extent of pollinator declines, @entity1 recruitment failure may be widespread.

title: The compounding effects of high pollen limitation, selfing rates and inbreeding XXXX leave a New Zealand tree with few viable offspring.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the progression of @entity1 , pH is important and is essential in elucidating the association between metabolic disruption, @entity5 formation, @entity4 and @entity9 . Chemical exchange  -dependent saturation transfer (CEST) imaging can be used to detect tissue pH and, in particular, a specific form of CEST magnetic resonance imaging  (MRI), termed @entity10 proton transfer (APT) MRI, which is sensitive to pH and can detect @entity8 , even prior to diffusion abnormalities. The critical parameter governing the ability of CEST to detect pH is the sequence. In the present study, a novel strategy was used, based on the gradient echo sequence (GRE), which involved the insertion of a magnetization transfer pulse in each repetition time (TR) and minimizing the TR for in  vivo APT imaging. The proposed GRE  -APT MRI method was initially verified using a tissue  -like pH phantom and optimized MRI parameters for APT imaging. In order to assess the range of acute @entity3 , @entity0 (n=4) were subjected to @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and MRI scanning at 7  telsa  (T). Hyperacute @entity1 @entity9 was characterized using multiparametric imaging techniques, including diffusion, APT and T2  -Weighted MRI. By using a magnetization transfer pulse and minimizing TR, GRE  -APT provided high spatial resolution and a homogeneous signal, with clearly distinguished cerebral anatomy. The GRE  -APT and diffusion MRI were significantly correlated with @entity5 content and the area of @entity3 in the APT and apparent diffusion coefficient  (ADC) maps matched consistently during the hyperacute period. In addition, compared with the @entity6 area observed on the ADC MRI map, the APT map contained tissue, which had not yet been irreversibly damaged. Therefore, GRE  -APT MRI waa able to detect @entity1 @entity11 with sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution, suggesting the potential use of pH MRI as a surrogate imaging marker of impaired tissue metabolism for the diagnosis and prognosis of hyperacute @entity2 .

title: Novel gradient echo sequence  -based XXXX proton transfer magnetic resonance imaging in hyperacute @entity3 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the progression of @entity1 , pH is important and is essential in elucidating the association between metabolic disruption, @entity5 formation, @entity4 and @entity9 . Chemical exchange  -dependent saturation transfer (CEST) imaging can be used to detect tissue pH and, in particular, a specific form of CEST magnetic resonance imaging  (MRI), termed @entity10 proton transfer (APT) MRI, which is sensitive to pH and can detect @entity8 , even prior to diffusion abnormalities. The critical parameter governing the ability of CEST to detect pH is the sequence. In the present study, a novel strategy was used, based on the gradient echo sequence (GRE), which involved the insertion of a magnetization transfer pulse in each repetition time (TR) and minimizing the TR for in  vivo APT imaging. The proposed GRE  -APT MRI method was initially verified using a tissue  -like pH phantom and optimized MRI parameters for APT imaging. In order to assess the range of acute @entity3 , @entity0 (n=4) were subjected to @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and MRI scanning at 7  telsa  (T). Hyperacute @entity1 @entity9 was characterized using multiparametric imaging techniques, including diffusion, APT and T2  -Weighted MRI. By using a magnetization transfer pulse and minimizing TR, GRE  -APT provided high spatial resolution and a homogeneous signal, with clearly distinguished cerebral anatomy. The GRE  -APT and diffusion MRI were significantly correlated with @entity5 content and the area of @entity3 in the APT and apparent diffusion coefficient  (ADC) maps matched consistently during the hyperacute period. In addition, compared with the @entity6 area observed on the ADC MRI map, the APT map contained tissue, which had not yet been irreversibly damaged. Therefore, GRE  -APT MRI waa able to detect @entity1 @entity11 with sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution, suggesting the potential use of pH MRI as a surrogate imaging marker of impaired tissue metabolism for the diagnosis and prognosis of hyperacute @entity2 .

title: Novel gradient echo sequence  -based @entity10 proton transfer magnetic resonance imaging in hyperacute XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: An open study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy and adverse effects of @entity3 in 33 @entity0 with essential @entity2 whose blood pressure was uncontrolled (diastolic blood pressure 96 to 115 mm Hg) despite previous treatment with one or two antihypertensive drugs. @entity3 was added to the existing antihypertensive therapy and the dose titrated to a maximum of 150 mg/day or until blood pressure control was achieved (diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg or a reduction in diastolic blood pressure of 15 mm Hg). @entity0 were then followed up for a further 4 weeks. @entity3 significantly reduced mean standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure from 167/113 +/- 19.8/7.2 (SD) mm Hg to 150.3/101.1 +/- 23.4/8.9 (SD) mm Hg after 10 weeks and mean supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure from 169.8/110.8 +/- 16.4/5.6 (SD) mm Hg to 154.2/102.1 +/- 23.8/12 (SD) mm Hg after 10 weeks. Blood pressure was controlled in 21 of the 33 @entity0 (63.6%) studied. @entity3 caused a small but significant fall in pulse rate of 3.9 beats per minute, in the supine position, after 4 weeks therapy. 10 @entity0 experienced adverse effects, the most common being dizziness and @entity1 (3 @entity0 each), and lightheadedness/fainting on standing (2 @entity0 ). No @entity0 experienced sedation. Only 1 @entity0 was withdrawn from the trial because of adverse effects (fainting on standing). Biochemical and haematological investigations carried out pretreatment and during treatment showed no abnormalities related to @entity3 treatment.

title: [Open study on the effect and side effects of @entity3 , used at the 2d and 3d therapeutic step in essential XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: An open study was undertaken to investigate the efficacy and adverse effects of @entity3 in 33 @entity0 with essential @entity2 whose blood pressure was uncontrolled (diastolic blood pressure 96 to 115 mm Hg) despite previous treatment with one or two antihypertensive drugs. @entity3 was added to the existing antihypertensive therapy and the dose titrated to a maximum of 150 mg/day or until blood pressure control was achieved (diastolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg or a reduction in diastolic blood pressure of 15 mm Hg). @entity0 were then followed up for a further 4 weeks. @entity3 significantly reduced mean standing systolic and diastolic blood pressure from 167/113 +/- 19.8/7.2 (SD) mm Hg to 150.3/101.1 +/- 23.4/8.9 (SD) mm Hg after 10 weeks and mean supine systolic and diastolic blood pressure from 169.8/110.8 +/- 16.4/5.6 (SD) mm Hg to 154.2/102.1 +/- 23.8/12 (SD) mm Hg after 10 weeks. Blood pressure was controlled in 21 of the 33 @entity0 (63.6%) studied. @entity3 caused a small but significant fall in pulse rate of 3.9 beats per minute, in the supine position, after 4 weeks therapy. 10 @entity0 experienced adverse effects, the most common being dizziness and @entity1 (3 @entity0 each), and lightheadedness/fainting on standing (2 @entity0 ). No @entity0 experienced sedation. Only 1 @entity0 was withdrawn from the trial because of adverse effects (fainting on standing). Biochemical and haematological investigations carried out pretreatment and during treatment showed no abnormalities related to @entity3 treatment.

title: [Open study on the effect and side effects of XXXX , used at the 2d and 3d therapeutic step in essential @entity2 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: While @entity6 ( @entity7 ) nanoparticles (NPs) have been recognized to have promising applications in biomedicine, their immunotoxicity has been inconsistent and even contradictory. To address this issue, we investigated whether @entity7 NPs with different size (20 or 100 nm) and electrostatic charge (positive or negative) would cause immunotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, and explored their underlying molecular mechanism. Using Raw 264.7 cell line, we examined the immunotoxicity mechanism of @entity7 NPs as cell viability. We found that in a cell viability assay, @entity7 NPs with different size and charge could induce differential @entity3 to Raw 264.7 cells. Specifically, the positively charged @entity7 NPs exerted higher @entity3 than the negatively charged ones. Next, to gauge systemic immunotoxicity, we assessed immune responses of C57BL/6 @entity1 after oral administration of 750 mg/kg/day dose of @entity7 NPs for 2 weeks. In parallel, @entity7 NPs did not alter the cell-mediated immune response in @entity1 but suppressed innate immunity such as natural killer cell activity. The @entity8 (+)/CD8(+) ratio, a marker for matured T-cells was slightly reduced, which implies the alteration of immune status induced by @entity7 NPs. Accordingly, @entity4 production from splenocyte culture supernatant in @entity7 NP-fed @entity1 was lower than control. Consistently, serum levels of pro/anti-inflammatory (interleukin [IL]-1b, @entity0 @entity2 factor-a, and @entity5 ) and T helper-1 cytokines (interferon-y and IL-12p70) in @entity7 NP-fed @entity1 were significantly suppressed. Collectively, our results indicate that different sized and charged @entity7 NPs would cause in vitro and in vivo immunotoxicity, of which nature is an immunosuppression.

title: Immunotoxicity of XXXX nanoparticles with different size and electrostatic charge.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of the topical 5% @entity5 medicated plaster in the treatment of localized @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: This was a case series at an @entity2 clinic, using retrospective analysis. @entity0 AND METHODS: Data of 27 @entity0 treated for localized @entity1 with the 5% @entity5 medicated plaster were retrospectively analyzed. Assessment included changes in overall @entity2 intensity, in intensity of different @entity2 qualities, and of @entity4 and @entity4 , and changes in sleep quality. RESULTS: @entity0 (17 female, ten male; mean age 53.4  11.4 years) presented mainly with dorsalgia (16 @entity0 ) or postoperative/posttraumatic @entity2 (seven @entity0 ); one @entity0 suffered from both. The mean overall @entity2 intensity prior to treatment with @entity5 medicated plaster was 8.4  1.2 on the 11-point Likert scale. In the majority of cases, the @entity5 plaster was applied concomitantly with preexisting @entity2 medication (81.5% of the @entity0 ). During the 6-month observation period, overall mean @entity2 intensity was reduced by almost 5 points (4.98) to 3.5  2.6. Substantial reductions were also observed for @entity2 (5 points from 7.9  2.6 at baseline) and @entity2 (3 points from 5.2  4.1). Sleep quality improved from 4.6  2.6 at baseline to 5.5  1.8. Stratification by @entity2 diagnosis showed marked improvements in overall @entity2 intensity for @entity0 with @entity3 . The @entity5 plaster was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Overall, topical treatment with the 5% @entity5 medicated plaster was associated with effective @entity2 relief and was well tolerated.

title: Treatment of localized @entity1 of different etiologies with the 5% XXXX medicated plaster - a case series.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of the topical 5% @entity5 medicated plaster in the treatment of localized @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: This was a case series at an @entity2 clinic, using retrospective analysis. @entity0 AND METHODS: Data of 27 @entity0 treated for localized @entity1 with the 5% @entity5 medicated plaster were retrospectively analyzed. Assessment included changes in overall @entity2 intensity, in intensity of different @entity2 qualities, and of @entity4 and @entity4 , and changes in sleep quality. RESULTS: @entity0 (17 female, ten male; mean age 53.4  11.4 years) presented mainly with dorsalgia (16 @entity0 ) or postoperative/posttraumatic @entity2 (seven @entity0 ); one @entity0 suffered from both. The mean overall @entity2 intensity prior to treatment with @entity5 medicated plaster was 8.4  1.2 on the 11-point Likert scale. In the majority of cases, the @entity5 plaster was applied concomitantly with preexisting @entity2 medication (81.5% of the @entity0 ). During the 6-month observation period, overall mean @entity2 intensity was reduced by almost 5 points (4.98) to 3.5  2.6. Substantial reductions were also observed for @entity2 (5 points from 7.9  2.6 at baseline) and @entity2 (3 points from 5.2  4.1). Sleep quality improved from 4.6  2.6 at baseline to 5.5  1.8. Stratification by @entity2 diagnosis showed marked improvements in overall @entity2 intensity for @entity0 with @entity3 . The @entity5 plaster was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Overall, topical treatment with the 5% @entity5 medicated plaster was associated with effective @entity2 relief and was well tolerated.

title: Treatment of localized XXXX of different etiologies with the 5% @entity5 medicated plaster - a case series.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The Dunning R-3327-H @entity1 @entity2 is a well-differentiated, slow-growing, serially transplantable @entity0 of spontaneous origin. When intact male @entity1 bearing such an exponentially growing @entity0 s.c. are castrated, @entity0 growth abruptly stops, demonstrating the initial @entity3 sensitivity of this @entity0 . Eventually, however, after an extended period, the @entity0 invariably relapses and once again appears to grow exponentially. At the time of relapse, the @entity0 is no longer @entity3 sensitive but has irreversibly progressed to a completely insensitive state. The mechanism responsible for this irreversible progression has been demonstrated by fluctuation analysis not to be due to environmentally induced adaptation of initially @entity3 -dependent @entity0 cells to a new @entity3 -independent state. Instead, the progression is due to the basic heterogeneity of the original @entity0 (i.e., it is composed of a mixture of preexisting clones of both @entity3 -dependent and @entity3 -independent @entity0 cells). Following castration, only the preexisting clones of @entity3 -independent @entity0 cells are able to continue exponential growth; the @entity3 -dependent @entity0 cells stop proliferating and die. Thus, @entity3 ablation creates a host environment in which the @entity3 -independent @entity0 cells have a highly selective growth advantage over the @entity3 -dependent cells. Eventually, with time, this selective growth advantage results in a @entity0 which is completely composed of @entity3 -independent cells. It is the continuous proliferative growth of these @entity3 -independent @entity0 cells which leads to the relapse phenomenon.

title: Adaptation versus selection as the mechanism responsible for the relapse of XXXX to @entity3 ablation therapy as studied in the Dunning R-3327-H adenocarcinoma.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The Dunning R-3327-H @entity1 @entity2 is a well-differentiated, slow-growing, serially transplantable @entity0 of spontaneous origin. When intact male @entity1 bearing such an exponentially growing @entity0 s.c. are castrated, @entity0 growth abruptly stops, demonstrating the initial @entity3 sensitivity of this @entity0 . Eventually, however, after an extended period, the @entity0 invariably relapses and once again appears to grow exponentially. At the time of relapse, the @entity0 is no longer @entity3 sensitive but has irreversibly progressed to a completely insensitive state. The mechanism responsible for this irreversible progression has been demonstrated by fluctuation analysis not to be due to environmentally induced adaptation of initially @entity3 -dependent @entity0 cells to a new @entity3 -independent state. Instead, the progression is due to the basic heterogeneity of the original @entity0 (i.e., it is composed of a mixture of preexisting clones of both @entity3 -dependent and @entity3 -independent @entity0 cells). Following castration, only the preexisting clones of @entity3 -independent @entity0 cells are able to continue exponential growth; the @entity3 -dependent @entity0 cells stop proliferating and die. Thus, @entity3 ablation creates a host environment in which the @entity3 -independent @entity0 cells have a highly selective growth advantage over the @entity3 -dependent cells. Eventually, with time, this selective growth advantage results in a @entity0 which is completely composed of @entity3 -independent cells. It is the continuous proliferative growth of these @entity3 -independent @entity0 cells which leads to the relapse phenomenon.

title: Adaptation versus selection as the mechanism responsible for the relapse of @entity2 to XXXX ablation therapy as studied in the Dunning R-3327-H adenocarcinoma.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study investigated the optimal preservation approach to prepare @entity0 feces as inoculum for in vitro fermentations as an alternative to the use of fresh feces. The four treatments studied were: Treatment 1) fresh feces resuspended in dialysate solution+ @entity2 ; Treatment 2) fresh feces resuspended in dialysate solution+ @entity2 and then stored at -80  C; Treatment 3) fecal sample frozen with 1.5g @entity2 ; and Treatment 4) fecal sample frozen. All the treatments contained 8.75g of feces, 3.5ml dialysate and 4.9ml @entity2 when inoculated in TIM-2 in vitro system. Treatment 1 (fresh fecal preparation) was used as a reference. The effects were evaluated in terms of i) metabolic activity and ii) composition of the microbiota using fermentation experiments in the TIM-2 in vitro system. In all treatments, high levels of @entity1 were produced followed by @entity4 and @entity5 . However, the metabolic activity of the bacteria, in terms of short-chain @entity3 production, was affected by the different treatments. Microbiota composition was analyzed using the IS-pro profiling technique. Diversity in Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, Fusobacteria and Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria groups seemed to be preserved in all treatments whereas it was observed to decline in the Bacteroidetes group. Preparing a @entity0 fecal inoculum resuspended in dialysate solution with @entity2 and then stored at -80  C showed high similarities to the results obtained with fresh feces, and is proposed as the optimal way to freeze fecal material as an alternative to fresh feces for in vitro fermentation studies.

title: Evaluation of an optimal preparation of XXXX standardized fecal inocula for in vitro fermentation studies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Esophagectomy with extended lymphadenectomy and gastric conduit reconstruction is a radical procedure for the treatment of @entity4 that is associated with a high morbidity rate. Gastric conduit @entity1 is a fatal complication that occurs in 2% of @entity0 . Conventionally, two-stage salvage surgery consisting of removal of the @entity1 gastric conduit followed by reconstruction has been performed; however, this procedure has a high morbidity rate. We describe a 61-year-old @entity0 who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy complicated by slowly progressive @entity1 associated with @entity2 and a stable overall condition. There was a 2 cm gap in the @entity3 . Because there was no evidence of residual @entity1 , a removable, covered @entity6 ( @entity6 ) was inserted to bridge the @entity3 . The stent was fixed to the @entity0 's ear with silk thread through the lasso on its proximal end to prevent migration. Eight weeks after insertion, the stent was removed easily without any associated complications. The anastomotic defect was completely bridged with granulation tissue, showing progressive epithelialization without @entity7 or @entity5 . The @entity0 was discharged home in good general health. This is the first report of the successful conservative management of esophago-gastric conduit @entity3 disruption with @entity6 placement.

title: Conservative reconstruction using stents as salvage therapy for disruption of esophago-gastric XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 is a highly disabling condition, which can significantly reduce @entity0 ' quality of life. Prevalence of moderate and severe @entity3 is high in the general population, and it increases significantly in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 and older than 65 years. Guidelines for the management of @entity3 recommend opioids for the treatment of moderate-to-severe @entity2 in @entity0 whose @entity2 is not responsive to initial therapies with @entity5 and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Despite their analgesic efficacy being well recognized, adverse events can affect daily functioning and @entity0 quality of life. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) occurs in 40% of opioid-treated @entity0 . Laxatives are the most common drugs used to prevent and treat @entity7 . Laxatives do not address the underlying mechanisms of @entity7 ; for this reason, they are not really effective in @entity7 treatment. @entity6 is an opioid receptor antagonist with low systemic bioavailability. When administered orally, @entity6 antagonizes the opioid receptors in the gut wall, while its extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism ensures the lack of antagonist influence on the central-mediated analgesic effect of the opioids. A prolonged-release formulation consisting of @entity4 and @entity6 in a 2:1 ratio was developed trying to reduce the incidence of @entity7 maintaining the analgesic effect compared with use of the sole @entity4 . This review includes evidence related to use of @entity4 and @entity6 in the long-term management of chronic non- @entity1 @entity2 and @entity7 .

title: Developments in managing severe XXXX : role of @entity4 - @entity6 extended release.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 is a highly disabling condition, which can significantly reduce @entity0 ' quality of life. Prevalence of moderate and severe @entity3 is high in the general population, and it increases significantly in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 and older than 65 years. Guidelines for the management of @entity3 recommend opioids for the treatment of moderate-to-severe @entity2 in @entity0 whose @entity2 is not responsive to initial therapies with @entity5 and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Despite their analgesic efficacy being well recognized, adverse events can affect daily functioning and @entity0 quality of life. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) occurs in 40% of opioid-treated @entity0 . Laxatives are the most common drugs used to prevent and treat @entity7 . Laxatives do not address the underlying mechanisms of @entity7 ; for this reason, they are not really effective in @entity7 treatment. @entity6 is an opioid receptor antagonist with low systemic bioavailability. When administered orally, @entity6 antagonizes the opioid receptors in the gut wall, while its extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism ensures the lack of antagonist influence on the central-mediated analgesic effect of the opioids. A prolonged-release formulation consisting of @entity4 and @entity6 in a 2:1 ratio was developed trying to reduce the incidence of @entity7 maintaining the analgesic effect compared with use of the sole @entity4 . This review includes evidence related to use of @entity4 and @entity6 in the long-term management of chronic non- @entity1 @entity2 and @entity7 .

title: Developments in managing severe @entity3 : role of @entity4 - XXXX extended release.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity3 is a highly disabling condition, which can significantly reduce @entity0 ' quality of life. Prevalence of moderate and severe @entity3 is high in the general population, and it increases significantly in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 and older than 65 years. Guidelines for the management of @entity3 recommend opioids for the treatment of moderate-to-severe @entity2 in @entity0 whose @entity2 is not responsive to initial therapies with @entity5 and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Despite their analgesic efficacy being well recognized, adverse events can affect daily functioning and @entity0 quality of life. @entity7 ( @entity7 ) occurs in 40% of opioid-treated @entity0 . Laxatives are the most common drugs used to prevent and treat @entity7 . Laxatives do not address the underlying mechanisms of @entity7 ; for this reason, they are not really effective in @entity7 treatment. @entity6 is an opioid receptor antagonist with low systemic bioavailability. When administered orally, @entity6 antagonizes the opioid receptors in the gut wall, while its extensive first-pass hepatic metabolism ensures the lack of antagonist influence on the central-mediated analgesic effect of the opioids. A prolonged-release formulation consisting of @entity4 and @entity6 in a 2:1 ratio was developed trying to reduce the incidence of @entity7 maintaining the analgesic effect compared with use of the sole @entity4 . This review includes evidence related to use of @entity4 and @entity6 in the long-term management of chronic non- @entity1 @entity2 and @entity7 .

title: Developments in managing severe @entity3 : role of XXXX - @entity6 extended release.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Trait impulsivity has been linked to addiction in @entity0 . It has been suggested that drug users with high trait impulsivity levels are more sensitive to subjective drug intoxication. This study assessed whether subjective response to drugs differs between drug users with normal or high levels of trait impulsivity. Regular drug users (N = 122) received doses of @entity6 , @entity4 , and placebo in a three-way crossover study. Their mood, dissociative state, and psychedelic symptoms were measured with subjective rating scales (CADDS, Bowdle, POMS). Trait impulsivity was assessed with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. @entity4 increased dissociation and psychedelic state, as well as fatigue, @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity2 , and decreased arousal, positive mood, vigor, friendliness, and elation. @entity6 increased dissociation, psychedelic state, vigor, friendliness, elation, positive mood, @entity2 and arousal, while decreasing fatigue. Only a few subjective items revealed a drug * trait impulsivity interaction, suggesting that psychedelic symptoms were most intense in high impulsivity subjects. Trait @entity1 ratings were negatively correlated with ratings of vigor (r = -.197) and positively correlated with ratings of loss of thought control (r = .237) during @entity7 . It is concluded that a broad association between trait impulsivity and psychedelic subjective drug experience appears to be absent.

title: Psychedelic symptoms of @entity4 and XXXX use as a function of trait impulsivity.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Trait impulsivity has been linked to addiction in @entity0 . It has been suggested that drug users with high trait impulsivity levels are more sensitive to subjective drug intoxication. This study assessed whether subjective response to drugs differs between drug users with normal or high levels of trait impulsivity. Regular drug users (N = 122) received doses of @entity6 , @entity4 , and placebo in a three-way crossover study. Their mood, dissociative state, and psychedelic symptoms were measured with subjective rating scales (CADDS, Bowdle, POMS). Trait impulsivity was assessed with the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale. @entity4 increased dissociation and psychedelic state, as well as fatigue, @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity2 , and decreased arousal, positive mood, vigor, friendliness, and elation. @entity6 increased dissociation, psychedelic state, vigor, friendliness, elation, positive mood, @entity2 and arousal, while decreasing fatigue. Only a few subjective items revealed a drug * trait impulsivity interaction, suggesting that psychedelic symptoms were most intense in high impulsivity subjects. Trait @entity1 ratings were negatively correlated with ratings of vigor (r = -.197) and positively correlated with ratings of loss of thought control (r = .237) during @entity7 . It is concluded that a broad association between trait impulsivity and psychedelic subjective drug experience appears to be absent.

title: Psychedelic symptoms of XXXX and @entity6 use as a function of trait impulsivity.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity0 with virally mediated @entity2 (VMHNC) often present with advanced nodal disease that is highly radioresponsive as demonstrated by @entity1 and nodal regression during treatment. The resultant changes may impact on the planned dose distribution and so adversely affect the therapeutic ratio. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric effect of treatment-induced anatomical changes in VMHNC @entity0 who had undergone a replan. METHODS: Thirteen @entity0 with virally mediated oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal @entity1 who presented for definitive radiotherapy between 2005 and 2010 and who had a replan generated were investigated. The dosimetric effect of anatomical changes was quantified by comparing dose-volume histograms (DVH) of primary and nodal gross target volumes and organs at risk (OAR), including spinal cord and parotid glands, from the original plan and a comparison plan. RESULTS: Eleven three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and two intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans were evaluated. Dose to the spinal cord and brainstem increased by 4.1% and 2.6%, respectively. Mean dose to the parotid glands also increased by 3.5%. In contrast, the dose received by 98% of the primary and nodal gross @entity1 volumes decreased by 0.15% and 0.3%, respectively, when comparing the initial treatment plan to the comparison plan. CONCLUSION: In this study, treatment-induced anatomical changes had the greatest impact on OAR dose with negligible effect on the dose to nodal gross @entity1 volumes. In the era of IMRT, accounting for treatment-induced anatomical changes is important as focus is placed on minimizing the acute and long-term side effects of treatment.

title: Evaluating the dosimetric effect of treatment-induced changes in virally mediated XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity0 with virally mediated @entity2 (VMHNC) often present with advanced nodal disease that is highly radioresponsive as demonstrated by @entity1 and nodal regression during treatment. The resultant changes may impact on the planned dose distribution and so adversely affect the therapeutic ratio. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric effect of treatment-induced anatomical changes in VMHNC @entity0 who had undergone a replan. METHODS: Thirteen @entity0 with virally mediated oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal @entity1 who presented for definitive radiotherapy between 2005 and 2010 and who had a replan generated were investigated. The dosimetric effect of anatomical changes was quantified by comparing dose-volume histograms (DVH) of primary and nodal gross target volumes and organs at risk (OAR), including spinal cord and parotid glands, from the original plan and a comparison plan. RESULTS: Eleven three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and two intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans were evaluated. Dose to the spinal cord and brainstem increased by 4.1% and 2.6%, respectively. Mean dose to the parotid glands also increased by 3.5%. In contrast, the dose received by 98% of the primary and nodal gross @entity1 volumes decreased by 0.15% and 0.3%, respectively, when comparing the initial treatment plan to the comparison plan. CONCLUSION: In this study, treatment-induced anatomical changes had the greatest impact on OAR dose with negligible effect on the dose to nodal gross @entity1 volumes. In the era of IMRT, accounting for treatment-induced anatomical changes is important as focus is placed on minimizing the acute and long-term side effects of treatment.

title: Evaluating the dosimetric effect of treatment-induced changes in virally mediated @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Ultrasound is the most common imaging tool used to scan the @entity1 of @entity3 @entity0 . However, very few studies have been performed to evaluate ultrasound imaging features for predicting @entity1 prognosis. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to evaluate preoperative ultrasound characteristics as prognostic factors that could affect survival rate after liver resection for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 104 @entity4 @entity0 who underwent resection were retrospectively reviewed with regard to their clinical data, preoperative ultrasound characteristics, and survival rate. Preoperative ultrasound parameters included @entity2 , @entity1 site, size, echo pattern, portal vein @entity5 , @entity1 blood flow signal, peak systolic velocity (V max), and resistance index (RI). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival. Pre-resection prognostic factors were assessed using univariate log-rank test and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The median survival was 37  months. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 78.85, 53.85, and 26.92  %, respectively, and the overall survival (OS) rates at 1, 3, and 5  years were 85.58, 69.23, and 46.15  %, respectively. On univariate analysis, shorter survival was associated with mixed echo pattern, larger @entity1 size, portal vein @entity5 , affluent flow signal, and higher V max. Application of the Cox multivariate proportional hazards model indicated that @entity1 size and blood flow signal in the @entity1 were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: The overall survival for @entity4 @entity0 undergoing hepatic resection can be stratified on a sonographic basis of @entity1 size and intra-nodular vasculature. These prognostic factors may be useful to determine appropriate treatment for @entity4 @entity0 .

title: Preoperative ultrasound features as prognostic factors for @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Ultrasound is the most common imaging tool used to scan the @entity1 of @entity3 @entity0 . However, very few studies have been performed to evaluate ultrasound imaging features for predicting @entity1 prognosis. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to evaluate preoperative ultrasound characteristics as prognostic factors that could affect survival rate after liver resection for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 104 @entity4 @entity0 who underwent resection were retrospectively reviewed with regard to their clinical data, preoperative ultrasound characteristics, and survival rate. Preoperative ultrasound parameters included @entity2 , @entity1 site, size, echo pattern, portal vein @entity5 , @entity1 blood flow signal, peak systolic velocity (V max), and resistance index (RI). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival. Pre-resection prognostic factors were assessed using univariate log-rank test and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: The median survival was 37  months. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) rates were 78.85, 53.85, and 26.92  %, respectively, and the overall survival (OS) rates at 1, 3, and 5  years were 85.58, 69.23, and 46.15  %, respectively. On univariate analysis, shorter survival was associated with mixed echo pattern, larger @entity1 size, portal vein @entity5 , affluent flow signal, and higher V max. Application of the Cox multivariate proportional hazards model indicated that @entity1 size and blood flow signal in the @entity1 were independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSIONS: The overall survival for @entity4 @entity0 undergoing hepatic resection can be stratified on a sonographic basis of @entity1 size and intra-nodular vasculature. These prognostic factors may be useful to determine appropriate treatment for @entity4 @entity0 .

title: Preoperative ultrasound features as prognostic factors for XXXX with @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Our aim was to evaluate the utility of in vitro drug sensitivity testing in @entity0 with peritoneal surface @entity1 undergoing @entity9 ( @entity9 ) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). METHODS: We found data for 27 @entity0 who underwent @entity9 plus HIPEC from September 2009 to May 2012 and whose @entity1 were submitted for in vitro drug sensitivity (ChemoFx(  )). Intraperitoneal chemotherapy agents included @entity10 , @entity8  +  @entity6 , or @entity8 alone. RESULTS: There were 12 (44.4  %) appendiceal @entity5 , 5 (18.5  %) @entity7 , 4 (14.8  %) @entity3 , 3 (11.1  %) @entity2 , 2 (7.4  %) @entity11 , and one (3.7  %) @entity4 . In all, 15 @entity0 (55.5  %) underwent complete cytoreduction (CC   <=  1). Seventeen @entity1 (63  %) displayed in vitro sensitivity to the agents used. Mean overall (OS) and progression-free (PFS) survivals for the entire group were 34.4      4.5  months (median 41  months) and 12.5      2.1  months (median 8  months), respectively. There were no significant differences in OS and PFS for @entity0 whose @entity1 displayed in vitro drug sensitivity versus those whose @entity1 did not (p  =  0.101 and p  =  0.403, respectively). These results also did not differ when evaluating only the @entity0 who underwent complete cytoreduction. In vitro, the drug sensitivity did not correlate with @entity1 pathology or preoperative systemic chemotherapy administration. In vitro drug sensitivity correlated with the drug used at the time of HIPEC (p  =  0.003). None of the @entity1 tested showed in vitro sensitivity to @entity8 and/or @entity6 . Eight nonresponsive @entity1 , however, showed in vitro activity to other agents. CONCLUSIONS: Data indicate a high rate of in vitro resistance to the intraperitoneal chemotherapeutic agents used. In vitro drug sensitivity is not useful in @entity0 undergoing @entity9 plus HIPEC.

title: Utility of Chemoresponse Assay in XXXX Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery Plus Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A case report is reviewed of a 22-year-old @entity0 who presented on July 22, 1980 with a 1-week history of bilaterally recurring complaints of @entity5 radiating up both arms followed by @entity9 , @entity1 , and imperceptible and uncontrollable @entity2 of her hands. The @entity0 's symptoms usually began within minutes after she began typing, and slowly abated within 10-15 minutes after she was forced by discomfort to discontinue typing and hold her arms at her sides. The @entity0 also described, unilaterally, the same symptoms over the same period of time on awakening each morning. She had previously enjoyed excellent health, had been taking @entity12 ( @entity11 )--norgestrol and ethynyl estradiol--during the preceding 4 years without problems, and had gained 12 pounds during the preceding 6 months. Symptoms began exactly 7 days prior to the onset of her menses. Raynaud's phenomena were denied. X-rays of the cervical spine were normal, and specifically revealed no signs of @entity10 or large lower cervical transverse processes. The @entity0 was given a single oral 80 mg dose of @entity8 , and thereafter @entity6 50 mg, orally twice daily for 1 week. Symptoms were dramatically improved within 24 hours. When evaluated again on July 30, 1980, she was asymptomatic except for minimal complaints and physical findings of the @entity7 on the right. There were no complaints referrable to the @entity4 , but physical examination again documented findings of partial thoracic outlet @entity3 . Within 2 weeks the @entity0 was asymptomatic. When interviewed on August 29, 1980, the @entity0 was asymptomatic but gave the identical history of onset and recurrence of all her symptoms, to a lesser extent, exactly 1 week prior to the onset of her August menses. The @entity0 's symptoms totally disappeared by the 3rd day of her menses. In sum, both the @entity7 and the @entity4 quickly resolved when treatment with diuretics was extended the @entity0 for a short period of time premenstrually.

title: The pill and the thoracic outlet and bilateral XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In the last decade, dental implants have emerged as a crucial modality and serve as an individual form of therapy for dental failure. However, disparities in host responses have led to @entity3 . The pathological mechanisms driving @entity3 remain largely unknown. In this study, we evaluated the role of oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products (AGE) in the progression of @entity3 and @entity2 , compared with @entity4 . SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Three @entity0 groups ( @entity3 , @entity4 and control), each with 10 subjects (7M/3F) and average age ranging from 40-60 years were selected for analysis. Salivary oxidative stress and tissue AGE levels were analysed by probing for reactive @entity1 species (ROS) and Maillard reaction-related fluorescence, respectively. RESULTS: We observed significant increase (> 2-fold) in oxidative stress and AGE levels in @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity4 compared to controls, with @entity4 having the highest levels. In addition, we observed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.94) between oxidative stress and AGE levels in the @entity0 . CONCLUSION: We propose that increased AGE levels and oxidative stress, although not the only pathway, are significant mediators in the pathogenesis of @entity3 . Altering them may potentially be used in combination with other modalities to manage @entity3 .

title: Role of Reactive XXXX Species and Advanced Glycation End Products in the Malfunctioning of Dental Implants.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: With 75% of @entity0 of reproductive age affected, @entity2 are very common, ranging from emotional and cognitive to physical symptoms. @entity3 and @entity5 can lead to substantial functional interference and psychological distress comparable to that of @entity6 . The assessment of this impact is required as a part of the diagnostic procedure in the @entity4 . In the absence of a specific measure, the authors developed the PMS-Impact Questionnaire. A sample of 101 @entity0 reporting severe @entity3 complaints was assessed with the twenty-two items in the questionnaire during their @entity3 phase in an ongoing intervention study at the Philipps-University Marburg from August 2013 until January 2015. An exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor solution (labeled Psychological Impact and Functional Impact) with 18 items. A Cronbach's alpha of 0.90 for Psychological Impact and of 0.90 for Functional Impact indicated good reliability. Convergent construct validity was demonstrated by moderate to high correlations with the @entity1 Disability Index. Low correlations with the Big Five Inventory-10 indicated good divergent validity. The PMS-Impact Questionnaire was found to be a valid, reliable, and an economic measure to assess the impact of @entity2 . In future research, cross validations and confirmatory factor analyses should be conducted.

title: How to measure the impact of XXXX ? Development and validation of the German PMS-Impact Questionnaire.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous research has established that direct and indirect forms of aggression differ in their association with gender and type of @entity1 . One purpose of the present study was to test if the same applies to direct and indirect victimization. A second purpose was to study these associations not only cross-sectionally (as in most previous research) but also longitudinally. A third purpose was to test the hypotheses that there are prospective bidirectional associations not only between victimization and @entity1 (which has been shown in previous research), but also between aggression and @entity1 , and that direct and indirect forms of aggression and victimization show different associations with different types of @entity1 . METHODS: The @entity0 were a community sample of all students in two grades of regular school in a Swedish municipality who answered questionnaires as part of a two-wave longitudinal study with a one-year interval. The @entity0 were 13-15 years old, and there were longitudinal data on 893 students, which represented 85% of all students. The cross-sectional associations were primarily tested by semi-partial correlations, and the longitudinal associations by hierarchical multiple regression. RESULTS: The results corroborated the meaningfulness of differentiating not only between direct and indirect aggression but also between direct and indirect victimization. @entity0 reported being more victim to direct aggression, whereas @entity0 reported being more victim to indirect aggression. Direct aggression predicted @entity2 in @entity0 , whereas indirect aggression predicted @entity2 in @entity0 , and conduct problems reciprocally predicted increased direct and indirect aggression. Indirect victimization showed prospective bidirectional associations with emotional symptoms and conduct problems, suggesting the potential development of vicious cycles of escalating problems in these areas. CONCLUSIONS: The present results indicate that direct and indirect aggression, as well as direct and indirect victimization, may have different roles in the development of @entity1 in young adolescents. Further, the demonstration of prospective bidirectional associations points to a possible mechanism for the development of @entity1 , that may be described in terms of dynamical systems theory. This has potential relevance both for the prevention and the treatment of psychopathology.

title: Direct and indirect aggression and victimization in adolescents - associations with the development of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 (Vp) is one of the emergent food-borne pathogens that are commensally associated with various shellfish species throughout the world. It is strictly environmental and many strains are pathogenic to @entity0 . The virulent strains cause distinct diseases, including wound @entity3 , @entity4 , and most commonly, @entity5 , which is acquired through the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, especially shellfish. Vp has two type three secretion systems (T3SSs), which triggering its @entity2 and enterotoxicity via their effectors. To better understand the pathogenesis of Vp, we established a cell infection model in vitro using a non-phagocytic cell line. Caco-2 cells were infected with different strains of Vp (pandemic and non-pandemic strains) and several parameters of @entity2 were measured together with adhesion and invasion indices, which reflect the pathogen's virulence. Our results show that Vp adheres to cell monolayers and can invade non-phagocytic cells. It also survives and persists in non-phagocytic cells by modulating reactive @entity1 species (ROS), allowing its replication, and resulting in complete cellular destruction. We conclude that the pathogenicity of Vp is based on its capacities for adhesion and invasion. Surprisingly's; enhanced of ROS resistance period could promote the survival of Vp inside the intestinal tract, facilitating tissue infection by repressing the host's oxidative stress response.

title: @entity6 strengthens their virulence through modulation of cellular reactive XXXX species in vitro.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 (Vp) is one of the emergent food-borne pathogens that are commensally associated with various shellfish species throughout the world. It is strictly environmental and many strains are pathogenic to @entity0 . The virulent strains cause distinct diseases, including wound @entity3 , @entity4 , and most commonly, @entity5 , which is acquired through the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood, especially shellfish. Vp has two type three secretion systems (T3SSs), which triggering its @entity2 and enterotoxicity via their effectors. To better understand the pathogenesis of Vp, we established a cell infection model in vitro using a non-phagocytic cell line. Caco-2 cells were infected with different strains of Vp (pandemic and non-pandemic strains) and several parameters of @entity2 were measured together with adhesion and invasion indices, which reflect the pathogen's virulence. Our results show that Vp adheres to cell monolayers and can invade non-phagocytic cells. It also survives and persists in non-phagocytic cells by modulating reactive @entity1 species (ROS), allowing its replication, and resulting in complete cellular destruction. We conclude that the pathogenicity of Vp is based on its capacities for adhesion and invasion. Surprisingly's; enhanced of ROS resistance period could promote the survival of Vp inside the intestinal tract, facilitating tissue infection by repressing the host's oxidative stress response.

title: XXXX strengthens their virulence through modulation of cellular reactive @entity1 species in vitro.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) affects a proportion of @entity0 born to mothers with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Symptoms usually resolve completely within the first few months of life, but persistent @entity1 have been reported in a few isolated cases. METHODS: Here we report 8 @entity0 from 4 families born to mothers with clinically manifest @entity5 or mothers who were asymptomatic but had elevated @entity4 receptor (AChR) antibody levels. RESULTS: Clinical features in affected @entity0 ranged from a mild predominantly facial and bulbar @entity1 to @entity9 . Additional clinical findings included @entity2 , @entity7 , and mild CNS involvement. In all cases, antibodies against the AChR were markedly elevated, although not always specific for the fetal AChR y subunit. There was a correlation between maternal symptoms; the timing, intensity, and frequency of maternal treatment; and neonatal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that persistent @entity1 following @entity10 may be more common than currently recognized. Fetal AChR inactivation syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity0 presenting with unexplained @entity1 , in particular marked @entity8 and @entity6 . Correct diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicion if the mother is asymptomatic but is crucial considering the high recurrence risk for future pregnancies and the potentially treatable nature of this condition. @entity0 with a history of @entity10 should be followed up for @entity3 .

title: Fetal @entity4 receptor inactivation syndrome: XXXX due to maternal antibodies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) affects a proportion of @entity0 born to mothers with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Symptoms usually resolve completely within the first few months of life, but persistent @entity1 have been reported in a few isolated cases. METHODS: Here we report 8 @entity0 from 4 families born to mothers with clinically manifest @entity5 or mothers who were asymptomatic but had elevated @entity4 receptor (AChR) antibody levels. RESULTS: Clinical features in affected @entity0 ranged from a mild predominantly facial and bulbar @entity1 to @entity9 . Additional clinical findings included @entity2 , @entity7 , and mild CNS involvement. In all cases, antibodies against the AChR were markedly elevated, although not always specific for the fetal AChR y subunit. There was a correlation between maternal symptoms; the timing, intensity, and frequency of maternal treatment; and neonatal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that persistent @entity1 following @entity10 may be more common than currently recognized. Fetal AChR inactivation syndrome should be considered in the differential diagnosis of @entity0 presenting with unexplained @entity1 , in particular marked @entity8 and @entity6 . Correct diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicion if the mother is asymptomatic but is crucial considering the high recurrence risk for future pregnancies and the potentially treatable nature of this condition. @entity0 with a history of @entity10 should be followed up for @entity3 .

title: Fetal XXXX receptor inactivation syndrome: @entity1 due to maternal antibodies.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Orthopedic @entity1 @entity0 are routinely transfused for @entity3 even when asymptomatic at rest, despite there being relatively little scientific evidence as to what level of @entity3 can be safely tolerated. Some surgeons prefer a more liberal approach, transfusing to keep hemoglobin (Hgb) levels at 7.0 g/dL or higher; others prefer a more conservative approach, allowing Hgb levels to drop below 7.0 g/dL. We conducted a study to determine if a more conservative approach might put @entity0 at higher risk of complications of severe @entity3 . We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 104 @entity0 who were treated by a single surgeon at a level I academic @entity1 center and who were followed up for at least 1 year. @entity0 (ages 18-50 years) were divided into 2 groups by lowest Hgb level before first transfusion-under 7.0 g/dL and 7.0 g/dL or higher-and then by whether they had been transfused. Logistic regression analysis was performed. The primary outcome was @entity2 . There was no increased risk of complication related to @entity3 (P = .3). However, there was a significant risk of complication related to transfusion (P < .01). Furthermore, there was a dose-dependent effect with each unit transfused (P = .02). In young, healthy, asymptomatic @entity1 @entity0 , a more conservative transfusion strategy (vs a more liberal strategy) did not appear to carry higher risk.

title: XXXX Versus Transfusion: Does Blood Conservation Increase the Risk of Complications?

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Vasoconstriction during @entity1 reduces fetal oxygenation and leads to @entity2 . @entity2 in turn results in increase of the number of nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) in the cord blood. The present study aimed to assess the effect of decreasing maternal @entity1 on fetal oxygenation and NRBCs count in the cord blood. METHODS: . In this study, 150 @entity0 were randomly divided into two intervention groups [supportive care and acupressure in BL32 (bladder) acupoint] and a control group (hospital routine care). The @entity0 ' cord blood was investigated regarding the number of NRBCs and the intensity of @entity2 after birth. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software (v. 16) and analyzed using ANOVA, Chi-square test, and logistic regression analysis. Findings : The significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the number of NRBCs counted in the peripheral blood smear (P<0.001). Besides, a significant relationship was observed between the length of the first and second stages of labor and the number of NRBCs in the cord blood (P=0.01). Also, a significant association was observed between the type of delivery and the number of NRBCs in the cord blood in both intervention (P<0.001) and control groups (P=0.03). CONCLUSION: Doula supportive care and acupressure at BL32 point reduced the length of labor stages as well as the @entity1 level. Also, nucleated red blood cells were less in the 2 groups of intervention than in control group. Regarding the fact that nucleated red blood cells cannot be the only factor for @entity2 predicting, for affirmation of this theory study with higher sample size and survey of mothers at high risk are needed.

title: The effects of decreasing maternal XXXX on fetal oxygenation and nucleated red blood cells count in the cord blood.

answer: @entity1


abstract: IMPORTANCE: Whether mortality in @entity2 is affected following intensive glycemic therapy has not been established. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether mortality differed between the original intensive and conventional treatment groups in the long-term follow-up of the @entity2 Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) cohort. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : After the DCCT (1983-1993) ended, @entity0 were followed up in a multisite (27 US and Canadian academic clinical centers) observational study (Epidemiology of @entity2 Control and Complications [EDIC]) until December 31, 2012. @entity0 were 1441 healthy volunteers with @entity2 who, at baseline, were 13 to 39 years of age with 1 to 15 years of @entity2 duration and no or early microvascular complications, and without @entity4 , preexisting @entity3 , or other potentially life-threatening disease. INTERVENTIONS AND EXPOSURES: During the clinical trial, @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive intensive therapy (n   =   711) aimed at achieving glycemia as close to the nondiabetic range as safely possible, or conventional therapy (n   =   730) with the goal of avoiding symptomatic @entity8 and @entity9 . At the end of the DCCT, after a mean of 6.5 years, intensive therapy was taught and recommended to all @entity0 and @entity2 care was returned to personal physicians. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Total and cause-specific mortality was assessed through annual contact with family and friends and through records over 27 years' mean follow-up. RESULTS: Vital status was ascertained for 1429 (99.2%) @entity0 . There were 107 @entity5 , 64 in the conventional and 43 in the intensive group. The absolute risk difference was -109 per 100,000 @entity0 -years (95% CI, -218 to -1), with lower all-cause mortality risk in the intensive therapy group (hazard ratio [HR]   =   0.67 [95% CI, 0.46-0.99]; P   =   .045). Primary causes of @entity5 were @entity3 (24 @entity5 ; 22.4%), @entity1 (21 @entity5 ; 19.6%), @entity7 (19 @entity5 ; 17.8%), and accidents or suicide (18 @entity5 ; 16.8%). Higher levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were associated with all-cause mortality (HR   =   1.56 [95% CI, 1.35-1.81 per 10% relative increase in HbA1c]; P   <   .001), as well as the development of @entity6 (HR   =   2.20 [95% CI, 1.46-3.31]; P   <   .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: After a mean of 27 years' follow-up of @entity0 with type 1 @entity2 , 6.5 years of initial intensive @entity2 therapy was associated with a modestly lower all-cause mortality rate when compared with conventional therapy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifiers: NCT00360815 and NCT00360893.

title: Association between 7 years of intensive treatment of type 1 XXXX and long-term mortality.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The author reports eight cases of the @entity9 , or @entity3 - @entity7 - @entity8 , in @entity0 . The cases satisfy the following criteria: Normal development in the first mos of life. Profound deterioration of the mental status over a period of several mos. @entity2 . Presence of neurological signs such as @entity7 , @entity6 and @entity4 . Normal head circumference at birth, but subsequent subnormal growth. EEG abnormalities. Slow progression of the disease after the period of rapid deterioration. The constellation of the signs and symptoms, and the occurrence only in @entity0 , make this clinical picture quite distinct. There is no definitely known biochemical or @entity5 . The psychological profile, though homogeneous in all the @entity0 , is not pathognomonic, and a very similar behavioral pattern can be observed in other @entity1 .

title: XXXX : report of eight cases.

answer: @entity9


abstract: A sequential sampling study of fungal airspores was carried out with the Andersen sampler inside and outside the homes of eight @entity3 , mould-sensitive @entity0 . The aim of the study was to find a possible relationship between variations in airborne colony forming units (CFU) and the occurrence of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Great variations in fungal prevalence occurred throughout the year, the lowest average daily concentration being 125, and the highest, 1425 CFU/m3/sample during the whole survey. Penicillium dominated the catch in seven of the eight environments. Other frequently sampled moulds were Cladosporium, @entity2 , Aspergillus, and Botrytis. Sixty-six percent of @entity1 were noted from July through November, during which time 56% of all fungal peaks occurred. A significant difference was found between peak flow (PF) values on days with the highest mould numbers compared with PF values on days with low counts. This relation was not found for PF and indoor mould counts. No particular fungal genus was responsible for @entity1 in general, but in a given @entity0 the occurrence of a special mould type may be related to obstructive reactions. It is concluded that a possible relationship exists between the prevalence of airborne fungi and @entity1 . Definite proof of a direct bronchial obstructive effect, however, might only be provided by means of inhalation-provocation studies with the sampled fungi.

title: Sequential sampling of fungal air spores inside and outside the homes of mould-sensitive, XXXX @entity0 : a search for a relationship to obstructive reactions.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A sequential sampling study of fungal airspores was carried out with the Andersen sampler inside and outside the homes of eight @entity3 , mould-sensitive @entity0 . The aim of the study was to find a possible relationship between variations in airborne colony forming units (CFU) and the occurrence of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Great variations in fungal prevalence occurred throughout the year, the lowest average daily concentration being 125, and the highest, 1425 CFU/m3/sample during the whole survey. Penicillium dominated the catch in seven of the eight environments. Other frequently sampled moulds were Cladosporium, @entity2 , Aspergillus, and Botrytis. Sixty-six percent of @entity1 were noted from July through November, during which time 56% of all fungal peaks occurred. A significant difference was found between peak flow (PF) values on days with the highest mould numbers compared with PF values on days with low counts. This relation was not found for PF and indoor mould counts. No particular fungal genus was responsible for @entity1 in general, but in a given @entity0 the occurrence of a special mould type may be related to obstructive reactions. It is concluded that a possible relationship exists between the prevalence of airborne fungi and @entity1 . Definite proof of a direct bronchial obstructive effect, however, might only be provided by means of inhalation-provocation studies with the sampled fungi.

title: Sequential sampling of fungal air spores inside and outside the homes of mould-sensitive, @entity3 XXXX : a search for a relationship to obstructive reactions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Right ventricular (RV) function is increasingly recognized to play an important role in the clinical status and long-term outcome in @entity0 with @entity2 as well as @entity1 with @entity3 . However, quantification of RV characteristics and function are still challenging due to its complex morphology and its thin wall with coarse trabeculations. To assess RV functions quantitatively, establishing the @entity0 -specific model from medical images is a prerequisite task. This study aims to develop a novel method for RV model reconstruction. Magnetic resonance images were acquired and preprocessed. Contours of right ventricle, right atrium and pulmonary artery were manually delineated at all slices and all time frames. The contour coordinates as well as the medical image specifications such as image pixel resolution and slick thickness were exported. The contours were transformed to the correct positions. Reorientation and matching were executed in between neighboring contours; extrapolation and interpolation were conducted upon all contours. After preprocessing, the more dense point set was reconstructed through a variational tool. A Delaunay-based tetrahedral mesh was generated on the region of interest. The weighted minimal surface model was used to describe RV surface. The graphcuts technique, i.e., max-flow/min-cut algorithm, was applied to minimize the energy defined by the model. The reconstructed surface was extracted from the mesh according to the mincut. Smoothing and remeshing were performed. The CPU time to reconstruct the model for one frame was approximately 2 minutes. In 10 consecutive subjects referred for cardiac MRI (80% female), right ventricular volumes were measured using our method against the commercial available CMRtools package. The results demonstrated that there was a significant correlation in end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes between our method and commercial software (r= 0.89 for end-diastolic volume and r=0.79 for end-systolic volume, both P<;0.0001). The time to obtain right ventricular volumes was shorter using our method than commercial one. In conclusion, a new method for right ventricle reconstruction has been developed. We envisage that this automatic modeling tool could be used by radiographer and cardiologists to assess the RV function in diverse @entity2 .

title: Graph-cuts based reconstructing XXXX specific right ventricle: First @entity0 study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Right ventricular (RV) function is increasingly recognized to play an important role in the clinical status and long-term outcome in @entity0 with @entity2 as well as @entity1 with @entity3 . However, quantification of RV characteristics and function are still challenging due to its complex morphology and its thin wall with coarse trabeculations. To assess RV functions quantitatively, establishing the @entity0 -specific model from medical images is a prerequisite task. This study aims to develop a novel method for RV model reconstruction. Magnetic resonance images were acquired and preprocessed. Contours of right ventricle, right atrium and pulmonary artery were manually delineated at all slices and all time frames. The contour coordinates as well as the medical image specifications such as image pixel resolution and slick thickness were exported. The contours were transformed to the correct positions. Reorientation and matching were executed in between neighboring contours; extrapolation and interpolation were conducted upon all contours. After preprocessing, the more dense point set was reconstructed through a variational tool. A Delaunay-based tetrahedral mesh was generated on the region of interest. The weighted minimal surface model was used to describe RV surface. The graphcuts technique, i.e., max-flow/min-cut algorithm, was applied to minimize the energy defined by the model. The reconstructed surface was extracted from the mesh according to the mincut. Smoothing and remeshing were performed. The CPU time to reconstruct the model for one frame was approximately 2 minutes. In 10 consecutive subjects referred for cardiac MRI (80% female), right ventricular volumes were measured using our method against the commercial available CMRtools package. The results demonstrated that there was a significant correlation in end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes between our method and commercial software (r= 0.89 for end-diastolic volume and r=0.79 for end-systolic volume, both P<;0.0001). The time to obtain right ventricular volumes was shorter using our method than commercial one. In conclusion, a new method for right ventricle reconstruction has been developed. We envisage that this automatic modeling tool could be used by radiographer and cardiologists to assess the RV function in diverse @entity2 .

title: Graph-cuts based reconstructing @entity0 specific right ventricle: First XXXX study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effects of cervical posterior pedicle screw internal fixation and interbody fusion for the treatment of @entity1 . METHODS: From July 2008 to July 2013, 21 @entity0 with @entity1 were treated with vertebral pedicle screw internal fixation and interbody fusion through posterior approach. There were 14 males and 7 females, aged from 20 to 55 years old with an average of 32 years. Lifted and guided the atlanto-axial vertebral pedicle screw to @entity4 . RESULTS: All @entity0 were followed up from 6 to 24 months with an average of 12.5 months. Wounds got healed without complication of @entity2 . Clinical symptoms were relieved at 6 months after operation. According to ASIA score standard to assess at 6 months after operation, the items of motion, light touch and needle score had obviously improved, and respectively were 99.45   0.27, 111.09    0.47,111.11    0.58. VAS and @entity3 scores also had obviously improved, and respectively were 1.04    0.38 and 12.56    2.24. Imaging examinations showed internal fixation locations were good, without atlanto-axial joint instability. CONCLUSION: Cervical posterior pedicle screw internal fixation and interbody fusion can effectively restore the stability of atlanto-axial joint, reduce complication and obtain satisfactory effects.

title: [Treatment of XXXX with cervical posterior pedicle screw internal fixation and interbody fusion].

answer: @entity1