abstract: BACKGROUND: We present a case of a 51-year-old male @entity0 with @entity2 (PVNS) of the left @entity1 (TMJ) that initially presented as a slow-growing left facial mass. Upon further workup, a contrast-enhanced CT scan demonstrated an expansile soft tissue mass in the left TMJ. METHODS: The lesion was diagnosed through fine-needle aspiration biopsy. The @entity0 was treated with resection of the TMJ, temporal bone, and root of the zygoma. A temporalis muscle and temporoparietal fascia flap was used for reconstruction to fill the defect and provide contour. RESULTS: Postoperatively, the @entity0 has been tumor free with excellent cosmesis. Our case demonstrates a very successful outcome. CONCLUSION: Previous literature has also reported that complete excision is an ideal procedure for PVNS of TMJ, but temporalis rotational flap use has been rare. This case and previously reported cases in the literature are also reviewed.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2015.

title: XXXX of the @entity1 : Case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A microscopic study of the lungs of 106 @entity0 with @entity4 has revealed early and severe @entity1 alterations in the pulmonary arteries. These striking changes, associated in almost all instances with normal pulmonary veins, indicate a state of high resistance of the arterial bed. Pulmonary arterial damage was, in general, most advanced in the @entity0 with a large @entity3 , but in spite of this these were the @entity0 who lived longest. It seemed obvious, therefore, that their relatively favorable course was due to a greater beneficial than damaging effect of the @entity3 . Consideration of these findings in the light of known physiologic data has led to a clarification of the physiologic variations of the transposition circulation. Using the recognized physiologic definitions of flows and shunts the transposition circulation is characterized by a diminished effective flow and a bidirectional but predominantly left-to-right shunt. The effect of a large intracardiac communication is to increase the effective flow and to lessen the shunts. With increasing size of the intracardiac communication the spectrum is completed when the circulatory characteristics of a single ventricle are reached in which the anatomic position of the great vessels becomes physiologically insignificant. The effect of a common systolic ejectile force in @entity0 with a large @entity3 will be similar in the transposition circulation and in the normal circulation. Three physiologic states are possible which depend upon the relative magnitude of the systemic and pulmonary resistances. The early appearance and malignant nature of the @entity1 alterations in the pulmonary arteries of @entity0 with @entity4 suggest that the impact upon the lungs of high blood flow and pressure is aggravated by arterial vasoconstriction. This may be initiated by @entity2 and a lowered blood pH. Elevation of pulmonary venous pressure and the increased viscosity of the blood due to @entity5 may add to the damage. Prominence of the bronchial arteries noted in the lung sections suggests that an expanded bronchial circulation augments the effective flow in these @entity0 . If the bronchial venous drainage leads to systemic veins, the bronchial circulation could act as an accessory pulmonary circulation and could improve the effective flow without having to cross the already overloaded intracardiac communications. The anatomic findings and physiologic considerations reported in this study reveal several aspects of the early and severely damaging @entity4 and indicate an urgent necessity of surgical therapy in early life.

title: XXXX . Pathophysiologic considerations based upon a study of the lungs.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effects and operative options for the treatment of @entity3 . METHODS: From June 2005 to May 2012, 8 @entity0 with progressive @entity2 due to @entity3 were treated through anterior approach, their clinical data were retrospective analyzed. There were 6 males and 2 females, aged from 65 to 83 years old with an average of 73 years. Among the @entity0 , osteophytes removal was performed in 3 cases, osteophytes removal with discectomy and fusion was performed in 2 cases, osteophytes removal with corpectomy and fusion was performed in 3 cases. According to Bazaz @entity2 score to assess the improvement of the @entity0 ' symptoms before and after operation. RESULTS: All @entity0 were followed up from 12 to 40 months with the mean of 18.5 months. Seven cases were asymptomatic and 1 case had mild symptom in the last follow-up. Radiographs showed the space enlargement between vertebral body and @entity1 . CONCLUSION: It is effective to treat @entity0 with progressive @entity2 due to @entity3 through surgical method. And the operative options depend on the stability of cervical spine and the neurological symptoms of the @entity0 .

title: [Surgical treatment for XXXX : a report of 8 cases].

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Overall survival in @entity0 with @entity2 is only 60%. Poor response to chemotherapy is the dominant risk factor for poor survival. Pharmacogenetic research can offer possibilities to optimize treatment and improve outcome. We applied a pathway-based approach to evaluate the cumulative effect of genes involved in the metabolism of @entity5 and @entity4 in relationship to clinical outcome. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We included 126 @entity0 with @entity2 . To comprehensively assess common genetic variation in the 54 genes selected, linkage disequilibrium (LD; r (2) = 0.8)-based tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) strategy was used. A final set of 384 SNPs was typed using Illumina Beadarray platform. SNPs significantly associated with 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) were replicated in another 64 @entity0 with @entity2 . RESULTS: We identified five variants in @entity1 , @entity6 , @entity8 , @entity3 , and @entity7 that were associated with 5-year PFS. Risk stratification based on the combined effects of the risk alleles showed a significant improvement of 5-year PFS. @entity0 that carried no or only one risk allele had a 5-year PFS of 100% compared with a 5-year PFS of 84.4% for carriers of two or three risk alleles, 66.7% PFS if a @entity0 carried four to five alleles, and a 5-year PFS of 41.8% for @entity0 with >5 risk alleles (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: We identified several genes that showed association with PFS in @entity0 with @entity2 . These pharmacogenetic risk factors might be useful to predict treatment outcome and to stratify @entity0 immediately after diagnosis and offer the possibility to improve treatment and outcome. Clin Cancer Res; 1-6.   2015 AACR.

title: A First Step toward Personalized Medicine in XXXX : Pharmacogenetics as Predictive Marker of Outcome after Chemotherapy-Based Treatment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Lymphatic tissues are highly sensitive to @entity4 and @entity4 are thought to contribute to sex differences in the immune response. In this study we have examined the effects of @entity4 on cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor levels in lymphoid tissues. The immature @entity2 was chosen for our experimental model because it allows the separate evaluation of the bursa of Fabricius (primarily B-cells) compared to the thymus (primary T-cells). Treatment with @entity1 (a potent @entity0 in chicks) for 3-12 days in vivo reduced the cytosolic glucocorticoid ( @entity3 -[3H]) receptors in bursa tissue to approximately 42% of control levels after 5 days and less than or equal to 5% of control levels after 7 days of treatment. The @entity2 thymus tissues were still approximately 92% of control @entity3 receptor levels after 5 days of @entity0 treatments. However the thymus levels had dropped to less than or equal to 5% of control values after 12 treatment days. Thus a difference in the rate of decrease in the bursa of Fabricius compared to the thymus was indicated. The blastogenesis index (BI), a measurement of the percentage of cells progressing through the cell cycle, was figured using fluorescent DNA staining with diamidino @entity5 followed by flow cytometry analysis. After 3, 5, or 7 days of @entity0 treatment, the bursa of Fabricius from @entity1 treated chicks (2 mg/day/ @entity2 ) had a mean BI = 11.17 (+/- 3.07 SD) which was significantly lower than the bursa of Fabricius from control chicks which showed a mean BI = 27.33 (+/- 3.42 SD). The thymus from @entity1 treated chicks had a mean BI = 19.57 (+/- 2.19 SD) which was slightly but not significantly higher than the control thymus CI = 17.38 (+/- 0.89 SD). In summary, @entity0 treatment in vivo induced a decrease in the cytosolic glucocorticoid hormone receptor levels in both the @entity2 thymus and bursa of Fabricius tissues while decreasing the blastogenesis index in the bursa cells but not in the thymus cells.

title: Modulation of glucocorticoid hormone receptor levels in XXXX lymphoid tissue following treatment with @entity4 in vivo.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Lymphatic tissues are highly sensitive to @entity4 and @entity4 are thought to contribute to sex differences in the immune response. In this study we have examined the effects of @entity4 on cytosolic glucocorticoid receptor levels in lymphoid tissues. The immature @entity2 was chosen for our experimental model because it allows the separate evaluation of the bursa of Fabricius (primarily B-cells) compared to the thymus (primary T-cells). Treatment with @entity1 (a potent @entity0 in chicks) for 3-12 days in vivo reduced the cytosolic glucocorticoid ( @entity3 -[3H]) receptors in bursa tissue to approximately 42% of control levels after 5 days and less than or equal to 5% of control levels after 7 days of treatment. The @entity2 thymus tissues were still approximately 92% of control @entity3 receptor levels after 5 days of @entity0 treatments. However the thymus levels had dropped to less than or equal to 5% of control values after 12 treatment days. Thus a difference in the rate of decrease in the bursa of Fabricius compared to the thymus was indicated. The blastogenesis index (BI), a measurement of the percentage of cells progressing through the cell cycle, was figured using fluorescent DNA staining with diamidino @entity5 followed by flow cytometry analysis. After 3, 5, or 7 days of @entity0 treatment, the bursa of Fabricius from @entity1 treated chicks (2 mg/day/ @entity2 ) had a mean BI = 11.17 (+/- 3.07 SD) which was significantly lower than the bursa of Fabricius from control chicks which showed a mean BI = 27.33 (+/- 3.42 SD). The thymus from @entity1 treated chicks had a mean BI = 19.57 (+/- 2.19 SD) which was slightly but not significantly higher than the control thymus CI = 17.38 (+/- 0.89 SD). In summary, @entity0 treatment in vivo induced a decrease in the cytosolic glucocorticoid hormone receptor levels in both the @entity2 thymus and bursa of Fabricius tissues while decreasing the blastogenesis index in the bursa cells but not in the thymus cells.

title: Modulation of glucocorticoid hormone receptor levels in @entity2 lymphoid tissue following treatment with XXXX in vivo.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Isolated nontraumatic @entity1 is rare. In this communication, 35 cases are presented; 24 cases (group 1) (22 male, 2 female) were diagnosed angiographically, and 11 (group 2) (10 male, 1 female) were observed at autopsy. In group 1, 23 of the @entity0 were @entity4 when they were first seen, and in 17 of them the @entity4 was of recent onset. Additional presenting signs and symptoms included @entity7 (10 @entity0 ), gross @entity6 (5), and @entity2 (6). Renal function was satisfactory. Renal vein @entity9 levels could be lateralized in 8 of 16 @entity0 . Isotope renograms performed in 18 @entity0 , showed @entity8 in 7, @entity3 in 6, and normal results in 5. Angiograms showed that the dissection was unilateral in 18 cases and bilateral in 6 cases. @entity10 was observed radiographically in 22 cases and was bilateral in 12. In group 1, 13 @entity0 were treated with antihypertensive medication only, and 11 underwent operation. At follow-up (mean 52.0 months), the mean blood pressure were 128/88 mm Hg and 139/89 mm Hg for the medical and surgical groups, respectively. Eleven medical and nine surgical @entity0 continued to require antihypertensive drugs at follow-up. Among the 11 @entity0 in group 2, only 4 were @entity4 . In only one case the dissection may have contributed significantly to the @entity0 's @entity5 . These studies indicate that isolated nontraumatic @entity1 most commonly occurs in young @entity0 with coexistent @entity10 . @entity4 is commonly present and therapy should be directed toward its control. In this study, blood pressure control was effectively accomplished with medical therapy.

title: XXXX , presentation, evaluation, management, and pathology.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Exposure to chemicals may have an influence on the immune system. Often, this is an unwanted effect but in some pharmaceuticals, it is the intended mechanism of action. Immune function tests and in depth histopathological investigations of immune organs were integrated in rodent @entity4 studies performed according to an extended OECD test guideline 407 protocol. Exemplified by two immunosuppressive drugs, @entity6 and @entity5 , and two environmental chemicals, @entity8 and @entity7 , results of subacute @entity2 studies were compared to knowledge in other species particular in @entity0 . Although immune function has a high concordance in @entity0 species, regarding the transferability from rodents to @entity0 various factors have to be taken into account. In @entity2 , sensitivity seems to depend on factors such as strain, sex, stress levels as well as metabolism. The two immunosuppressive drugs showed a high similarity of effects in animals and @entity0 as the immune system was the most sensitive target in both. @entity8 gave an inconsistent pattern of effects when considering the immune system of different species. In some species pronounced @entity1 was observed, whereas in primates @entity3 seemed more obvious. Generally, the immune system was not the most sensitive target in @entity8 -treatment. Immune function tests in @entity2 gave evidence of a reaction to systemic @entity1 rather than a direct impact on immune cells. Data from @entity0 are likewise equivocal. In the case of @entity7 , the immune system was the most sensitive target in @entity2 . In the in vitro plaque forming cell assay (Mishell-Dutton culture) a direct comparison of cells from different species including @entity2 and @entity0 was possible and showed similar reactions. The doses in the @entity2 study had, however, no realistic relation to @entity0 exposure, which occurs exclusively in mixtures and in a much lower range. In summary, a case by case approach is necessary when testing immunotoxicity. Improvements for the translation from animals to @entity0 related to immune cells can be expected from in vitro tests which offer direct comparison with reactions of @entity0 immune cells. This may lead to a better understanding of results and variations seen in animal studies.

title: The transferability from @entity2 subacute 4-week XXXX study to translational research exemplified by two pharmaceutical immunosuppressants and two environmental pollutants with immunomodulating properties.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Exposure to chemicals may have an influence on the immune system. Often, this is an unwanted effect but in some pharmaceuticals, it is the intended mechanism of action. Immune function tests and in depth histopathological investigations of immune organs were integrated in rodent @entity4 studies performed according to an extended OECD test guideline 407 protocol. Exemplified by two immunosuppressive drugs, @entity6 and @entity5 , and two environmental chemicals, @entity8 and @entity7 , results of subacute @entity2 studies were compared to knowledge in other species particular in @entity0 . Although immune function has a high concordance in @entity0 species, regarding the transferability from rodents to @entity0 various factors have to be taken into account. In @entity2 , sensitivity seems to depend on factors such as strain, sex, stress levels as well as metabolism. The two immunosuppressive drugs showed a high similarity of effects in animals and @entity0 as the immune system was the most sensitive target in both. @entity8 gave an inconsistent pattern of effects when considering the immune system of different species. In some species pronounced @entity1 was observed, whereas in primates @entity3 seemed more obvious. Generally, the immune system was not the most sensitive target in @entity8 -treatment. Immune function tests in @entity2 gave evidence of a reaction to systemic @entity1 rather than a direct impact on immune cells. Data from @entity0 are likewise equivocal. In the case of @entity7 , the immune system was the most sensitive target in @entity2 . In the in vitro plaque forming cell assay (Mishell-Dutton culture) a direct comparison of cells from different species including @entity2 and @entity0 was possible and showed similar reactions. The doses in the @entity2 study had, however, no realistic relation to @entity0 exposure, which occurs exclusively in mixtures and in a much lower range. In summary, a case by case approach is necessary when testing immunotoxicity. Improvements for the translation from animals to @entity0 related to immune cells can be expected from in vitro tests which offer direct comparison with reactions of @entity0 immune cells. This may lead to a better understanding of results and variations seen in animal studies.

title: The transferability from XXXX subacute 4-week @entity4 study to translational research exemplified by two pharmaceutical immunosuppressants and two environmental pollutants with immunomodulating properties.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The continuous rise in production and applications of @entity1 nanotubes (CNTs) has grown a concern about their fate and @entity0 in the environment. After use, these nanomaterials pass through sewage and accumulate in wastewater treatment plants. Since, such plants rely on biological degradation of wastes; their activity may decrease due to the presence of CNTs. This study investigated the effect of multiwalled @entity1 nanotubes (MWCNTs) on upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) microbial activity. The toxic effect on microbial viability, @entity4 ( @entity4 ), volatile @entity2 (VFA), and biogas generation was determined. The reduction in a colony-forming unit (CFU) was 29 and 58  % in 1 and 100  mg/L test samples, respectively, as compared to control. The volatile @entity2 and biogas production was also found reduced. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescent microscopy images confirmed that the MWCNT mediated microbial cell damage. This damage caused the increase in @entity4 @entity3 , protein, and DNA concentration. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results supported the alterations in sludge @entity4 due to MWCNT. Our observations offer a new insight to understand the nanotoxic effect of MWCNTs on UASB microflora in a complex environment system.

title: Effect of multiwalled XXXX nanotubes on UASB microbial consortium.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prevalence of @entity0 ( @entity1 ) sensitization is 4% in the patch tested population and varies between zero and 1.5% in the general population. Hair dye is a recognised sensitization source. OBJECTIVES: To define the prevalence rates of @entity1 sensitization in the general and patch tested populations of The Netherlands, and to gain insights into relationships between patch test strength and exposure sources. METHODS: Patch test database cases were matched with population-based controls. Analyses were performed based on demographic details, patch test reactions, and potential @entity1 exposure. RESULTS: @entity1 sensitization occurred in 3.3% of the patch tested population and in 1.3% of the general population. Hairdressers had a 4.4-fold increased chance of being sensitized to @entity1 (p   =   0.041), and black henna tattoos showed a tendency for a 2.3-fold increased chance of sensitization (p   =   0.081). Weak elicitation reactions were present in hairdressers and consumers. However, cases who had had black henna tattoos showed significantly more (extremely) strong patch test reactions upon elicitation (p   =   0.015). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence rates in the patch tested and general population of The Netherlands are comparable with the prevalence rates of other mid-European centres. @entity1 sensitization is often attributed to hair dye. However, this study shows that subjects sensitized by black henna tattoos present with very severe elicitation reactions, emphasizing the need for more strict policing the prohibition.

title: XXXX exposure in real life   -   a case-control study on sensitization rate, mode and elicitation reactions in the northern Netherlands.

answer: @entity0


abstract: During an 8-year period 63 consecutive @entity0 were treated for the first time for extensive metastatic nonseminomatous @entity1 . Four @entity0 did not respond sufficiently to chemotherapy to be considered surgical candidates, while 59 underwent surgical resection of @entity2 . Of these 59 @entity0 19 had concomitant wedge resection of associated @entity3 and 9 had a planned subsequent resection of residual @entity3 . Of the 63 @entity0 16 had stage B3 disease alone and 47 presented with pulmonary metastases associated with varying degrees of @entity2 . The most important determinant for survival was extent of @entity3 . Of 17 deaths 14 occurred among @entity0 presenting with extensive @entity3 . @entity0 with minimal to moderate @entity3 have done well regardless of the extent of coexistent @entity5 , 24 of 27 (89 per cent) remaining in sustained complete remission. Of 16 @entity0 with massive palpable @entity5 (B3) without coexistent pulmonary metastases 15 (94 per cent) survived free of @entity1 . The combination of extensive @entity3 with or without liver involvement has a poor prognosis, with only 35 per cent of these @entity0 remaining in sustained complete remission. Preoperative combination chemotherapy with @entity4 , @entity7 and @entity6 has improved survival free of @entity1 in this group compared to other combinations not including @entity4 (47 compared to 20 per cent) but the results in this selected group of @entity0 are significantly worse than those seen for all other @entity0 with lesser extent of disease. @entity1 recurrence more than 9 months after achieving complete remission has not been noted during following to 10 years. A plea is made for cases of advanced disease (B3 and/or C) to be reported according to the extent of @entity3 as well as the associated @entity5 , since analysis of these data reveals striking differences in @entity0 survival, ranging from 100 to 35 per cent according to subgrouping.

title: Advanced metastatic XXXX : the need for reporting results according to initial extent of disease.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 has major implications on @entity0 care. The ability of computed tomography (CT) scan to distinguish perforation in the absence of @entity3 or @entity2 is unknown. The purpose of this study is to assess the use and accuracy of CT scans in diagnosing @entity1 without @entity3 or @entity2 . A retrospective chart review of 102 @entity0 who underwent appendectomy from 2011 to 2013 was performed. @entity0 demographics and operative and postoperative course were recorded. Two radiologists were then blinded to operative findings and CT scans reread and results correlated. Findings on CT scan were also analyzed for correlation with perforation. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis was performed. Of the 102 @entity0 , 49 were perforated and 53 nonperforated. Analysis of @entity0 populations demonstrated @entity0 with perforation were significantly older (45 vs 34 years, P = 0.002), had longer operative times (132 vs 81 minutes, P = 0.001), and longer length of stay (8.2 vs 1.5 days, P < 0.001). Nineteen perforations (37%) were correctly diagnosed by CT scan. The sensitivity of CT scan to detect perforation was 38 per cent, specificity 96 per cent, and positive predictive value of 90 per cent. After multivariate analysis of significant variables, three were demonstrated to significantly correlate with presence of perforation: presence of extraluminal air (odds ratio [OR], 28.9; P = 0.02); presence of intraluminal fecalith (OR, 5.7; P = 0.03); and wall thickness greater than 3 mm (OR, 3.2; P = 0.02). CT scan has a low sensitivity for diagnosing @entity1 without @entity2 or @entity3 . Presence of extraluminal air bubbles, increased wall thickness, and intraluminal fecalith should increase suspicion for perforation and are highly correlated with outcomes after appendectomy.

title: Use and Accuracy of Computed Tomography Scan in Diagnosing XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite investments in infrastructure and evidence for high acceptability, few mHealth interventions have been implemented in sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE: We sought to (1) identify predictors of uptake of an mHealth application for a low-literacy population of @entity0 living with @entity3 (PLWH) in rural Uganda and (2) evaluate the efficacy of various @entity4 ( @entity4 ) text message formats to optimize the balance between confidentiality and accessibility. METHODS: The trial evaluated the efficacy of a @entity4 text messaging @entity2 to notify PLWH of their laboratory results and request return to care for those with abnormal test results. @entity0 with a normal laboratory result received a single @entity4 text message indicating results were normal. @entity0 with an abnormal test result were randomized to 1 of 3 message formats designed to evaluate trade-offs between clarity and privacy: (1) an @entity4 text message that stated results were abnormal and requested return to clinic ("direct"), (2) the same message protected by a 4-digit PIN code (" @entity5 ), and (3) the message "ABCDEFG" explained at enrollment to indicate abnormal results ("coded"). Outcomes of interest were (1) self-reported receipt of the @entity4 text message, (2) accurate identification of the message, and (3) return to care within 7 days (for abnormal results) or on the date of the scheduled appointment (for normal results). We fit regression models for each outcome with the following explanatory variables: sociodemographic characteristics, @entity1 count result, ability to read a complete sentence, ability to access a test message on enrollment, and format of @entity4 text message. RESULTS: Seventy-two percent (234/385) of @entity0 successfully receiving a message, 87.6% (219/250) correctly identified the message format, and 60.8% (234/385) returned to clinic at the requested time. Among @entity0 with abnormal tests results (138/385, 35.8%), the strongest predictors of reported message receipt were the ability to read a complete sentence and a demonstrated ability to access a test message on enrollment. @entity0 with an abnormal result who could read a complete sentence were also more likely to accurately identify the message format (AOR 4.54, 95% CI 1.42-14.47, P=.01) and return to clinic appropriately (AOR 3.81, 95% CI 1.61-9.03, P=.002). Those who were sent a PIN-protected message were less likely to identify the message (AOR 0.11, 95% CI 0.03-0.44, P=.002) or return within 7 days (AOR 0.26, 95% CI 0.10-0.66, P=.005). Gender, age, and socioeconomic characteristics did not predict any outcomes and there were no differences in outcomes between those receiving direct or coded messages. CONCLUSIONS: Confirmed literacy at the time of enrollment was a robust predictor of @entity4 text message receipt, identification, and appropriate response for PLWH in rural Uganda. PIN-protected messages reduced odds of clinic return, but coded messages were as effective as direct messages and might augment privacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT 01579214; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01579214 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6Ww8R4sKq).

title: Know Your Audience: Predictors of Success for a @entity0 -Centered Texting XXXX to Augment Linkage to @entity3 Care in Rural Uganda.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite investments in infrastructure and evidence for high acceptability, few mHealth interventions have been implemented in sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE: We sought to (1) identify predictors of uptake of an mHealth application for a low-literacy population of @entity0 living with @entity3 (PLWH) in rural Uganda and (2) evaluate the efficacy of various @entity4 ( @entity4 ) text message formats to optimize the balance between confidentiality and accessibility. METHODS: The trial evaluated the efficacy of a @entity4 text messaging @entity2 to notify PLWH of their laboratory results and request return to care for those with abnormal test results. @entity0 with a normal laboratory result received a single @entity4 text message indicating results were normal. @entity0 with an abnormal test result were randomized to 1 of 3 message formats designed to evaluate trade-offs between clarity and privacy: (1) an @entity4 text message that stated results were abnormal and requested return to clinic ("direct"), (2) the same message protected by a 4-digit PIN code (" @entity5 ), and (3) the message "ABCDEFG" explained at enrollment to indicate abnormal results ("coded"). Outcomes of interest were (1) self-reported receipt of the @entity4 text message, (2) accurate identification of the message, and (3) return to care within 7 days (for abnormal results) or on the date of the scheduled appointment (for normal results). We fit regression models for each outcome with the following explanatory variables: sociodemographic characteristics, @entity1 count result, ability to read a complete sentence, ability to access a test message on enrollment, and format of @entity4 text message. RESULTS: Seventy-two percent (234/385) of @entity0 successfully receiving a message, 87.6% (219/250) correctly identified the message format, and 60.8% (234/385) returned to clinic at the requested time. Among @entity0 with abnormal tests results (138/385, 35.8%), the strongest predictors of reported message receipt were the ability to read a complete sentence and a demonstrated ability to access a test message on enrollment. @entity0 with an abnormal result who could read a complete sentence were also more likely to accurately identify the message format (AOR 4.54, 95% CI 1.42-14.47, P=.01) and return to clinic appropriately (AOR 3.81, 95% CI 1.61-9.03, P=.002). Those who were sent a PIN-protected message were less likely to identify the message (AOR 0.11, 95% CI 0.03-0.44, P=.002) or return within 7 days (AOR 0.26, 95% CI 0.10-0.66, P=.005). Gender, age, and socioeconomic characteristics did not predict any outcomes and there were no differences in outcomes between those receiving direct or coded messages. CONCLUSIONS: Confirmed literacy at the time of enrollment was a robust predictor of @entity4 text message receipt, identification, and appropriate response for PLWH in rural Uganda. PIN-protected messages reduced odds of clinic return, but coded messages were as effective as direct messages and might augment privacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT 01579214; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01579214 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6Ww8R4sKq).

title: Know Your Audience: Predictors of Success for a @entity0 -Centered Texting @entity2 to Augment Linkage to XXXX Care in Rural Uganda.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite investments in infrastructure and evidence for high acceptability, few mHealth interventions have been implemented in sub-Saharan Africa. OBJECTIVE: We sought to (1) identify predictors of uptake of an mHealth application for a low-literacy population of @entity0 living with @entity3 (PLWH) in rural Uganda and (2) evaluate the efficacy of various @entity4 ( @entity4 ) text message formats to optimize the balance between confidentiality and accessibility. METHODS: The trial evaluated the efficacy of a @entity4 text messaging @entity2 to notify PLWH of their laboratory results and request return to care for those with abnormal test results. @entity0 with a normal laboratory result received a single @entity4 text message indicating results were normal. @entity0 with an abnormal test result were randomized to 1 of 3 message formats designed to evaluate trade-offs between clarity and privacy: (1) an @entity4 text message that stated results were abnormal and requested return to clinic ("direct"), (2) the same message protected by a 4-digit PIN code (" @entity5 ), and (3) the message "ABCDEFG" explained at enrollment to indicate abnormal results ("coded"). Outcomes of interest were (1) self-reported receipt of the @entity4 text message, (2) accurate identification of the message, and (3) return to care within 7 days (for abnormal results) or on the date of the scheduled appointment (for normal results). We fit regression models for each outcome with the following explanatory variables: sociodemographic characteristics, @entity1 count result, ability to read a complete sentence, ability to access a test message on enrollment, and format of @entity4 text message. RESULTS: Seventy-two percent (234/385) of @entity0 successfully receiving a message, 87.6% (219/250) correctly identified the message format, and 60.8% (234/385) returned to clinic at the requested time. Among @entity0 with abnormal tests results (138/385, 35.8%), the strongest predictors of reported message receipt were the ability to read a complete sentence and a demonstrated ability to access a test message on enrollment. @entity0 with an abnormal result who could read a complete sentence were also more likely to accurately identify the message format (AOR 4.54, 95% CI 1.42-14.47, P=.01) and return to clinic appropriately (AOR 3.81, 95% CI 1.61-9.03, P=.002). Those who were sent a PIN-protected message were less likely to identify the message (AOR 0.11, 95% CI 0.03-0.44, P=.002) or return within 7 days (AOR 0.26, 95% CI 0.10-0.66, P=.005). Gender, age, and socioeconomic characteristics did not predict any outcomes and there were no differences in outcomes between those receiving direct or coded messages. CONCLUSIONS: Confirmed literacy at the time of enrollment was a robust predictor of @entity4 text message receipt, identification, and appropriate response for PLWH in rural Uganda. PIN-protected messages reduced odds of clinic return, but coded messages were as effective as direct messages and might augment privacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT 01579214; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01579214 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6Ww8R4sKq).

title: Know Your Audience: Predictors of Success for a XXXX -Centered Texting @entity2 to Augment Linkage to @entity3 Care in Rural Uganda.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Blunt @entity2 (BCVI) are associated with high morbidity and mortality and can lead to @entity1 . The established criteria for @entity0 undergoing CT angiography (CTA) for BCVI are broad, and can expose @entity0 to radiation unnecessarily. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of BCVI in @entity0 on CTA and determine presentations associated with the highest rates of BCVI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: With IRB approval, @entity0 were selected for CTA screening for BCVI according to a predefined set of criteria at our hospital between 2007 and 2010. @entity0 were identified from our institution's @entity2 database. CTAs were retrospectively reviewed for BCVI including @entity4 and dissection. Electronic medical records were reviewed for clinical presentation and hospital course. RESULTS: Of 432 @entity0 , @entity4 (n   =   10) and/or dissection (n   =   36) were found in 46 @entity0 (10.6  %). BCVI was associated with cervical spine and/or skull-base @entity3 in 40/46 @entity0 (87  %, P   <   0.0001). Significant correlations were seen between dissection and @entity3 in 31/36 @entity0 (86.2  %, p   <   0.0001) and between BCVI and both @entity1 and @entity3 (27/44, P   <   0.0001). CONCLUSION: BCVI was significantly associated with cervical and/or skullbase @entity3 and @entity1 with coexistent @entity3 . @entity0 with these injuries should be prioritized for rapid CTA evaluation for BCVI. KEY POINTS:     CTA screening is important to identify @entity0 with underlying BCVI     Cervical spine and/or skullbase @entity3 were significantly associated with BCVI     BCVI may occur in up to 11  % of @entity0 with blunt @entity2 .

title: Association between cervical spine and skull-base XXXX and blunt cerebrovascular injury.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Primary care referral to commercial @entity3 programmes that follow best practice is included in current UK guidance on the management of adult @entity1 . This study investigated whether such a programme was cost-effective compared with usual care. A decision-analytical Markov model was developed to estimate the lifetime costs and benefits of the referral programme compared with usual care and enable a cost-utility analysis. The model cohort transited between body mass index classifications and type 2 @entity0 , @entity2 and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with risk, cost and effect parameter values taken from published literature. The cost per incremental quality-adjusted life year (QALY) was calculated. Extensive deterministic and scenario sensitivity analyses and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (PSA) were conducted. At 12 months, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was   6906, indicating that programme referral was cost-effective. Over a lifetime, referral to the commercial programme was dominant as it led to a cost saving of   924 and conferred incremental benefit (0.22 QALY) over usual care. Model simulations estimated lower lifetime rates of type 2 @entity0 , @entity2 and @entity4 as a result of the @entity3 achieved. The results were robust to extensive sensitivity analyses. The PSA indicated that programme referral had a 68% chance of being cost-effective at a willingness to pay per @entity5 . Referral to the programme dominated usual care, being both cheaper and more effective. These results compare favourably with economic evaluations of other @entity1 interventions and add to a growing evidence base on the cost-effectiveness of commercial @entity3 providers and practices.

title: The cost-effectiveness of primary care referral to a UK commercial XXXX programme.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 occurs frequently in the setting of @entity1 , but the factors leading to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are not fully understood. This study investigated @entity6 ( @entity6 ) signaling in @entity0 liver with the goal of delineating whether activation of this pathway segregates those with @entity3 from those with @entity3 . Experiments were performed using liver biopsy tissue obtained from class III obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery, and extended to an immortalized @entity0 hepatocyte HepaRG cell line and primary @entity0 hepatocytes. The bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and total free @entity2 levels were significantly increased in plasma of @entity3 @entity0 . @entity6 mRNA levels were significantly increased in subjects with @entity3 compared with NAFL as was @entity7 in the myeloid differentiation factor 88-independent signaling pathway. In HepaRG cells, nuclear factor-kB (NF-kB) nuclear translocation and functional activity increased following treatment with the @entity2 , @entity5 , and following exposure to LPS compared with hepatocytes stimulated with a lipogenic treatment that induced de novo lipogenesis. @entity5 and LPS induction of NF-kB activity was partially attenuated by chemical- or small-interfering RNA-mediated inhibition of @entity6 . Expression of @entity6 and its downstream mediators was upregulated with @entity5 and LPS. Similar results were observed using primary @entity0 hepatocytes from a lean donor. Interestingly, NF-kB activity assays showed obese donor hepatocytes were resistant to chemical @entity6 inhibition. In conclusion, @entity6 expression is upregulated in a large cohort of @entity3 @entity0 , compared with those with NAFL, and this occurs within the setting of increased LPS and @entity4 .

title: Hepatic XXXX signaling in obese NAFLD.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The @entity2 patterns of @entity1 , cortex, pons-medulla, hypothalamus, hippocampus and caudate nucleus of three inbred strains of @entity0 (C57BL/6J, @entity3 /2J and BALB/cJ) have been analysed. All brain areas contained both the simple and complex species of gangliosides. GD1a was the major @entity2 in cortex, hippocampus and caudate nucleus whereas GT1b was the major species in @entity1 , hypothalamus and pons-medulla. In hippocampus, the percentages of GT1b and GD1a were quite similar. Pons and medulla exhibited the highest levels of @entity4 (which approaches the value of GT1b) and the lowest values of GD1a. A @entity2 , which was present in highest amounts in @entity1 disappeared after alkali treatment. Highly significant differences were observed in the amounts and patterns of gangliosides among brain areas of the three strains. Highly significant differences (p less than 0.001) were also found in the @entity2 distribution of various brain areas among the strains, especially for tri- and tetrasialogangliosides between Balb and DBA. A significant difference of @entity4 was observed in the @entity1 when comparing DBA with the two other strains. It is likely that the differences might be related to their relative abundances in certain cell types and for defining synaptic circuits in brain areas of some strains.

title: Gangliosides in various brain areas of three inbred strains of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is involved in @entity1 -reperfusion injury. Isoforms of @entity2 -activated @entity3 proteases, calpains, are implicated in the development of @entity4 in @entity1 -reperfusion. Growing evidence has revealed the presence of @entity6 . We aimed to characterize mitochondrial calpains in the @entity0 heart and to investigate the roles of calpains in mPTP opening after @entity1 -reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS: Western blotting analysis showed the expression of  -calpain, @entity7 and @entity9 in mitochondria isolated from male @entity0 , but casein zymography detected only @entity7 activity. Subcellular fractionation of mitochondria demonstrated the distribution of @entity7 to the matrix fraction. Addition of >500 M of @entity2 to isolated mitochondria induced @entity6 , reflecting mPTP opening, and calpain activation. @entity2 -induced @entity6 was inhibited partially by the calpain inhibitor @entity8 . These results support a partial contribution of calpain in the opening of the mPTP. The addition of @entity2 to the mitochondria induced inactivation of complex I of the electron transport chain, and cleavage of the @entity10 complex I subunit, which were inhibited by calpeptin. Mitochondria isolated from @entity0 hearts that underwent 30min of @entity5 followed by 30min of reperfusion showed activation of mitochondrial calpains, @entity10 cleavage, complex I inactivation, and mPTP opening, which were inhibited by pretreatment with calpain inhibitor 1. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated for the first time the presence of mitochondrial matrix @entity7 , and its contribution to complex I inactivation and mPTP opening after postischemic reperfusion in the @entity0 heart.

title: Mitochondrial XXXX opens the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in @entity1 -reperfusion.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) is involved in @entity1 -reperfusion injury. Isoforms of @entity2 -activated @entity3 proteases, calpains, are implicated in the development of @entity4 in @entity1 -reperfusion. Growing evidence has revealed the presence of @entity6 . We aimed to characterize mitochondrial calpains in the @entity0 heart and to investigate the roles of calpains in mPTP opening after @entity1 -reperfusion. METHODS AND RESULTS: Western blotting analysis showed the expression of  -calpain, @entity7 and @entity9 in mitochondria isolated from male @entity0 , but casein zymography detected only @entity7 activity. Subcellular fractionation of mitochondria demonstrated the distribution of @entity7 to the matrix fraction. Addition of >500 M of @entity2 to isolated mitochondria induced @entity6 , reflecting mPTP opening, and calpain activation. @entity2 -induced @entity6 was inhibited partially by the calpain inhibitor @entity8 . These results support a partial contribution of calpain in the opening of the mPTP. The addition of @entity2 to the mitochondria induced inactivation of complex I of the electron transport chain, and cleavage of the @entity10 complex I subunit, which were inhibited by calpeptin. Mitochondria isolated from @entity0 hearts that underwent 30min of @entity5 followed by 30min of reperfusion showed activation of mitochondrial calpains, @entity10 cleavage, complex I inactivation, and mPTP opening, which were inhibited by pretreatment with calpain inhibitor 1. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated for the first time the presence of mitochondrial matrix @entity7 , and its contribution to complex I inactivation and mPTP opening after postischemic reperfusion in the @entity0 heart.

title: Mitochondrial @entity7 opens the mitochondrial permeability transition pore in XXXX -reperfusion.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a @entity4 drug-eluting balloon (DEB) only strategy in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), aiming at a comparison with bare metal stent (BMS) alone, DEB followed by BMS, and @entity4 eluting stent (PES), as assessed in the randomized Drug Eluting Balloon in Acute ST-Segment Elevation @entity2 (DEB-AMI) trial. BACKGROUND: DEB-only seems an attractive strategy in PPCI, as it obviates the risk of stent @entity3 . METHODS: This study is a prospective registry with the same inclusion/exclusion criteria used in the DEB-AMI trial, as it constitutes the fourth, nonrandomized, treatment arm of this trial. @entity0 presenting with ST-elevation @entity2 were allocated to DEB-only (DIOR II, Eurocor GmbH, Bonn, Germany) after successful thrombus aspiration and predilatation. Primary endpoint was 6-month angiographic in-balloon/stent late-luminal loss (LLL). Secondary endpoints were in-balloon/stent binary restenosis and major adverse @entity1 (MACE: death, @entity2 , target-vessel revascularization). RESULTS: Forty @entity0 underwent PPCI by DEB-only. Procedural success was achieved in 97.5% with bail-out stenting required in 10.0% of procedures. In DEB-only, LLL was 0.51        0.59 mm as compared to 0.74        0.57 mm in BMS (P   =   0.44), 0.64        0.56 mm in DEB+BMS (P   =   0.88) and 0.21        0.32 mm in PES (P   <   0.01); in-balloon/stent binary restenosis rates were 22.2%, 23.8% (P   =   0.67), 28.6% (P   =   0.97), and 4.5% (P   =   0.07), respectively; and MACE rates were 17.5%, 23.5% (P   =   0.20), 20.0% (P   =   0.26), and 4.1% (P   =   0.90), respectively. No acute or late @entity3 events occurred in the DEB-only group. CONCLUSIONS: PPCI by DEB-only in selected @entity0 yielded an angiographic outcome comparable to BMS alone and DEB followed by BMS. PES proved angiographic superiority to DEB-only. DEB-only is therefore a potential treatment alternative during PPCI in @entity0 with contra-indications to drug-eluting stents.

title: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention by drug-eluting balloon angioplasty: the nonrandomized fourth arm of the DEB-AMI (drug-eluting balloon in ST-segment elevation XXXX ) trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Autophagy is a regulated process that sequesters and transports cytoplasmic materials such as protein aggregates via autophagosomes to lysosomes for degradation. @entity4 ( @entity4 ), an interacting protein of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), antagonizes Wnt signaling by promoting @entity5 degradation via lysosomes. However, the mechanism is unclear. Here, we show that @entity4 promotes the @entity0 suppressor ( @entity3 )-mediated ubiquitination of @entity6 and its autophagic degradation. Knockdown of @entity4 decreases the interaction between @entity6 and @entity3 , resulting in reduced ubiquitination of @entity6 . @entity4 -mediated autophagic degradation of @entity6 depends on @entity6 aggregation. Moreover, the aggregate-prone proteins @entity6 , @entity2 and the hungtingtin mutant Htt103Q promote autophagy in a @entity4 -dependent manner. These protein aggregates enhance the @entity1 - @entity7 interaction and @entity8 puncta formation, indicating that aggregated proteins stimulate autophagy initiation. Ubiquitination is not essential for the aggregates-induced autophagy initiation as inhibition of the ubiquitin-activation E1 enzyme activity did not block the aggregates-induced @entity8 puncta formation. Our findings suggest that @entity4 promotes the ubiquitination of @entity6 by @entity3 and mediates the protein aggregates-elicited autophagy initiation.

title: The Wnt signaling antagonist XXXX accelerates Dishevelled2 degradation via promoting its ubiquitination and aggregates-induced autophagy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter-associated @entity4 (CAUTI) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) are considered performance measures. We analyzed the incidence, prevalence, and risk of CAUTI and @entity7 in @entity1 @entity0 , as well as the demographic and injury factors related to these @entity3 and their relative risks of negative outcomes (prolonged length of stay [LOS], @entity5 , and @entity2 ). METHODS: @entity1 registry data were analyzed (age >18   y; LOS >24   h) from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2011. @entity1 location, severity, and type were analyzed relative to outcomes along with device-associated @entity3 , as defined by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The outcomes analyzed were intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital LOS, @entity5 , and in-hospital @entity2 . Multivariable logistic regression was then used to identify the factors contributing to @entity5 , including device-associated @entity3 . RESULTS: The included population (n=10,755) was 66.6% male and had a mean age of 45.1   y, with blunt @entity1 in 91.8% and a median Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 10 points. @entity0 developing CAUTI (n=324; 3.0%; p<0.005) were more likely to be female (59.4%), had a higher median ISS (20.5), and were older (56.7 years). @entity0 with @entity7 (n=161; 1.5%; p<0.005) had a higher median ISS (27). @entity0 with @entity5 (n=149; 1.4%; p<0.005) had a higher median ISS (24.0) and were older (52.3   y). @entity5 was associated with prolonged LOS and @entity2 , as expected (p<0.005). In multivariable analysis, independent predictors of @entity5 were CAUTI (odds ratio [OR] 16.15; p<0.001), @entity7 (OR 6.95; p<0.001), ISS (OR 1.05 per unit; p<0.001), age (OR 1.02 per year; p<0.001), and penetrating, abdominal, pelvic, or @entity6 . CONCLUSION: Development of CAUTI and @entity7 are significantly associated with a higher risk of @entity5 in @entity1 @entity0 after adjustment for age and @entity1 , location, and severity. This study suggests the importance of device-associated @entity3 as vectors for @entity5 in @entity1 and highlights the importance of prevention initiatives.

title: Impact of Device-Associated Infection on @entity1 @entity0 Outcomes at a XXXX Center.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter-associated @entity4 (CAUTI) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) are considered performance measures. We analyzed the incidence, prevalence, and risk of CAUTI and @entity7 in @entity1 @entity0 , as well as the demographic and injury factors related to these @entity3 and their relative risks of negative outcomes (prolonged length of stay [LOS], @entity5 , and @entity2 ). METHODS: @entity1 registry data were analyzed (age >18   y; LOS >24   h) from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2011. @entity1 location, severity, and type were analyzed relative to outcomes along with device-associated @entity3 , as defined by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The outcomes analyzed were intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital LOS, @entity5 , and in-hospital @entity2 . Multivariable logistic regression was then used to identify the factors contributing to @entity5 , including device-associated @entity3 . RESULTS: The included population (n=10,755) was 66.6% male and had a mean age of 45.1   y, with blunt @entity1 in 91.8% and a median Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 10 points. @entity0 developing CAUTI (n=324; 3.0%; p<0.005) were more likely to be female (59.4%), had a higher median ISS (20.5), and were older (56.7 years). @entity0 with @entity7 (n=161; 1.5%; p<0.005) had a higher median ISS (27). @entity0 with @entity5 (n=149; 1.4%; p<0.005) had a higher median ISS (24.0) and were older (52.3   y). @entity5 was associated with prolonged LOS and @entity2 , as expected (p<0.005). In multivariable analysis, independent predictors of @entity5 were CAUTI (odds ratio [OR] 16.15; p<0.001), @entity7 (OR 6.95; p<0.001), ISS (OR 1.05 per unit; p<0.001), age (OR 1.02 per year; p<0.001), and penetrating, abdominal, pelvic, or @entity6 . CONCLUSION: Development of CAUTI and @entity7 are significantly associated with a higher risk of @entity5 in @entity1 @entity0 after adjustment for age and @entity1 , location, and severity. This study suggests the importance of device-associated @entity3 as vectors for @entity5 in @entity1 and highlights the importance of prevention initiatives.

title: Impact of Device-Associated Infection on XXXX @entity0 Outcomes at a @entity1 Center.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Catheter-associated @entity4 (CAUTI) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) are considered performance measures. We analyzed the incidence, prevalence, and risk of CAUTI and @entity7 in @entity1 @entity0 , as well as the demographic and injury factors related to these @entity3 and their relative risks of negative outcomes (prolonged length of stay [LOS], @entity5 , and @entity2 ). METHODS: @entity1 registry data were analyzed (age >18   y; LOS >24   h) from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2011. @entity1 location, severity, and type were analyzed relative to outcomes along with device-associated @entity3 , as defined by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The outcomes analyzed were intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital LOS, @entity5 , and in-hospital @entity2 . Multivariable logistic regression was then used to identify the factors contributing to @entity5 , including device-associated @entity3 . RESULTS: The included population (n=10,755) was 66.6% male and had a mean age of 45.1   y, with blunt @entity1 in 91.8% and a median Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 10 points. @entity0 developing CAUTI (n=324; 3.0%; p<0.005) were more likely to be female (59.4%), had a higher median ISS (20.5), and were older (56.7 years). @entity0 with @entity7 (n=161; 1.5%; p<0.005) had a higher median ISS (27). @entity0 with @entity5 (n=149; 1.4%; p<0.005) had a higher median ISS (24.0) and were older (52.3   y). @entity5 was associated with prolonged LOS and @entity2 , as expected (p<0.005). In multivariable analysis, independent predictors of @entity5 were CAUTI (odds ratio [OR] 16.15; p<0.001), @entity7 (OR 6.95; p<0.001), ISS (OR 1.05 per unit; p<0.001), age (OR 1.02 per year; p<0.001), and penetrating, abdominal, pelvic, or @entity6 . CONCLUSION: Development of CAUTI and @entity7 are significantly associated with a higher risk of @entity5 in @entity1 @entity0 after adjustment for age and @entity1 , location, and severity. This study suggests the importance of device-associated @entity3 as vectors for @entity5 in @entity1 and highlights the importance of prevention initiatives.

title: Impact of Device-Associated Infection on @entity1 XXXX Outcomes at a @entity1 Center.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: Aim of this study was to investigate the potential of @entity2 PET, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and susceptibility-weighted (T2*) MRI to predict response to systemic treatment in @entity0 with @entity1 . The predictive values of pretreatment measurements and of early changes one week after start of therapy, were evaluated. METHODS: Imaging was performed prior to and one week after start of first line chemotherapy in 39 @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity2 PET scans were performed on a PET/CT scanner and DWI and T2* were performed on a 1.5T MR scanner. The maximum standardized uptake values (SUV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2* value were assessed in the same lesions. Up to 5 liver metastases per @entity0 were analyzed. Outcome measures were progression free survival (PFS), @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and size response. RESULTS: Pretreatment, high SUVmax, high TLG, low ADC and high T2* were associated with a shorter @entity3 . Low pretreatment ADC value was associated with shorter PFS. After 1 week a significant drop in SUVmax and rise in ADC were observed. The drop in SUV was correlated with the rise in ADC (r=-0.58, p=0.002). Neither change in ADC nor in SUV was predictive of PFS or @entity3 . T2* did not significantly change after start of treatment. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment SUVmax, TLG, ADC, and T2* values in @entity1 are predictive of @entity0 outcome. Despite sensitivity of DWI and @entity2 PET for early treatment effects, change in these parameters was not predictive of long term outcome.

title: Multimodality Imaging to Predict Response to Systemic Treatment in @entity0 with Advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: Aim of this study was to investigate the potential of @entity2 PET, diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and susceptibility-weighted (T2*) MRI to predict response to systemic treatment in @entity0 with @entity1 . The predictive values of pretreatment measurements and of early changes one week after start of therapy, were evaluated. METHODS: Imaging was performed prior to and one week after start of first line chemotherapy in 39 @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity2 PET scans were performed on a PET/CT scanner and DWI and T2* were performed on a 1.5T MR scanner. The maximum standardized uptake values (SUV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG), apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and T2* value were assessed in the same lesions. Up to 5 liver metastases per @entity0 were analyzed. Outcome measures were progression free survival (PFS), @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and size response. RESULTS: Pretreatment, high SUVmax, high TLG, low ADC and high T2* were associated with a shorter @entity3 . Low pretreatment ADC value was associated with shorter PFS. After 1 week a significant drop in SUVmax and rise in ADC were observed. The drop in SUV was correlated with the rise in ADC (r=-0.58, p=0.002). Neither change in ADC nor in SUV was predictive of PFS or @entity3 . T2* did not significantly change after start of treatment. CONCLUSION: Pretreatment SUVmax, TLG, ADC, and T2* values in @entity1 are predictive of @entity0 outcome. Despite sensitivity of DWI and @entity2 PET for early treatment effects, change in these parameters was not predictive of long term outcome.

title: Multimodality Imaging to Predict Response to Systemic Treatment in XXXX with Advanced @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: 1. Single unit activity has been recorded in the thalamic, @entity1 and raphe magnus nuclei of @entity0 anaesthetized with @entity2 .2. Neurones were sought which responded to changes in scrotal skin temperature applied with a water-perfused brass thermode. All sixty-nine neurones in the thalamus and hypothalamus responded with abrupt changes in activity as the scrotum was warmed (;switching response'). The majority responded with an increase in activity from minimal to maximal firing rate as the scrotum was warmed over a range of less than 0.5 degrees C; in about 20% of the neurones the converse was observed.3. To determine whether the switching response of the thalamic and @entity1 neurones depended upon a cortico-thalamic feed-back loop, the cortical surface was cooled to 18-20 degrees C to reversibly abolish cortical post-synaptic activity.4. Cortical cooling abolished the positive switching response of nearly all (15/19) ventrobasal thalamic neurones to scrotal warming. All eight ventrobasal thalamic neurones with negative switching responses, and all twenty-two scrotal temperature-responsive neurones in other thalamic and @entity1 nuclei were unaffected.5. Twenty recordings were also made from scrotal temperature-responsive neurones in the nucleus raphe magnus. All possessed switching responses similar to those observed in the thalamus and hypothalamus.6. None of the scrotal temperature-responsive neurones in the nucleus raphe magnus was affected by cortical cooling. Six neurones were observed in decerebrate @entity0 with properties apparently identical to those in intact @entity0 .7. We conclude that the switching response of thalamic and @entity1 scrotal temperature-responsive neurones is probably generated in the nucleus raphe magnus and passed in parallel to the thalamus and hypothalamus. In addition, thalamic neurones depend on an intact link with the cerebral cortex for the generation of their switching responses.

title: An analysis of a thermal afferent pathway in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The global trend towards increased longevity has resulted in ageing populations and a rise in @entity1 that primarily affect older @entity0 . One such condition is @entity4 ( @entity2 ), which causes an increased @entity6 risk. @entity5 lead to increased morbidity and mortality and result in enormous healthcare costs. Here, we review the evolution of the diagnosis of @entity4 . In an attempt to separate @entity0 with normal bones from those with @entity4 and to define the @entity4 diagnosis, multiple factors and characteristics have been considered. These include pathology and histology of the disease, the endocrine regulation of bone metabolism, bone mineral density (BMD), @entity6 type or @entity3 severity, risk models for @entity6 prediction, and thresholds for pharmacological intervention. The femoral neck BMD -2.5 SDs cut-off for the diagnosis of @entity4 is arbitrarily chosen, and there is no evidence to support the notion that @entity6 location (except @entity6 ) or severity is useful to discriminate osteoporotic from normal bones. @entity6 risk models (including factors unrelated to bone) dissociate bone strength from the diagnosis, and treatment thresholds are often based on health-economic considerations rather than bone properties. @entity6 are a primary feature of @entity4 , characterized by decreased bone mass, strength and quality, and a high risk of another such @entity6 that can be considerably reduced by treatment. We believe that the 2001 definition of @entity4 by the National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Panel on @entity4 is still valid and useful: ' @entity4 is defined as a @entity7 characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing a @entity0 to an increased risk of @entity6 '.

title: XXXX : the evolution of a diagnosis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Interaction between @entity2 virus WSN strain and MDCK cells was studied by using spin-labeled phospholipids and electron microscopy. Envelope fusion was negligibly small at neutral pH but greatly activated in acidic media in a narrow pH range around 5.0. The half-time was less than 1 min at 37 degrees C at pH 5.0. Virus binding was almost independent of the pH. Endocytosis occurred with a half-time of about 7 min at 37 degrees C at neutral pH, and about 50% of the initially bound virus was internalized after 1 h. Electron micrographs showed binding of virus particles in @entity1 in the microvillous surface of plasma membrane and endocytosis into @entity3 . @entity0 inhibited virus replication. The inhibition occurred when the drug was added not later than 10 min after inoculation. @entity0 caused an increase in the lysosomal pH 4.9 to 6.1. The drug did not affect virus binding, endocytosis, or envelope fusion at pH 5.0. Electron micrographs showed many virus particles remaining trapped inside vacuoles even after 30 min at 37 degrees C in the presence of drug, in contrast to only a few particles after 10 min in vacuoles and secondary lysosomes in its absence. Virus replication in an artificial condition, i.e., brief exposure of the inoculum to acidic medium followed by incubation in neutral pH in the presence of @entity0 , was also observed. These results are discussed to provide a strong support for the infection mechanism of @entity2 virus proposed previously: virus uptake by endocytosis, fusion of the endocytosed vesicles with lysosome, and fusion of the virus envelope with the surrounding vesicle membrane in the secondary lysosome because of the low pH. This allows the viral genome to enter the target cell cytoplasm.

title: Infectious cell entry mechanism of XXXX virus.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 is a costly and @entity2 . Effective management of @entity1 to achieve glycemic control improves @entity0 quality of life. Adherence rates to drug regimens in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 are relatively low and vary widely between populations. There are many factors that could affect @entity0 adherence to drug therapy. The aim of the present study was assessing patterns and obstacles to adherence of @entity3 2 @entity1 @entity0 to their oral hypoglycemic drugs. METHODS: The present work is a descriptive cross section study, carried on @entity3 2 @entity1 @entity0 who were on oral hypoglycemic drugs. Data concerning adherence to drugs was assessed using measure treatment adherence scale (MTA). RESULTS: A total of 372 (55.59% males and 44.41% females) @entity0 with @entity3 -2 @entity1 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and included in the study. Among the @entity0 , 26.1% were found to have good adherence, 47.9% had a fair adherence, and 26% had poor adherence. CONCLUSION: The overall rate of medication adherence among the @entity1 @entity0 population was suboptimal and non-acceptable. Evaluation of adherence is vital for @entity0 with @entity1 in order to determine factors and barriers affecting the adherence and to manage them.

title: Patterns and obstacles to oral antidiabetic medications adherence among XXXX 2 @entity1 in Ismailia, Egypt: a cross section study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 is a costly and @entity2 . Effective management of @entity1 to achieve glycemic control improves @entity0 quality of life. Adherence rates to drug regimens in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 are relatively low and vary widely between populations. There are many factors that could affect @entity0 adherence to drug therapy. The aim of the present study was assessing patterns and obstacles to adherence of @entity3 2 @entity1 @entity0 to their oral hypoglycemic drugs. METHODS: The present work is a descriptive cross section study, carried on @entity3 2 @entity1 @entity0 who were on oral hypoglycemic drugs. Data concerning adherence to drugs was assessed using measure treatment adherence scale (MTA). RESULTS: A total of 372 (55.59% males and 44.41% females) @entity0 with @entity3 -2 @entity1 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and included in the study. Among the @entity0 , 26.1% were found to have good adherence, 47.9% had a fair adherence, and 26% had poor adherence. CONCLUSION: The overall rate of medication adherence among the @entity1 @entity0 population was suboptimal and non-acceptable. Evaluation of adherence is vital for @entity0 with @entity1 in order to determine factors and barriers affecting the adherence and to manage them.

title: Patterns and obstacles to oral antidiabetic medications adherence among @entity3 2 XXXX in Ismailia, Egypt: a cross section study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: This study is to determine the concentrations of @entity4 , @entity1 , and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in @entity0 with @entity6 , and compare with those of gestational age- matched normotensive pregnant @entity0 and to correlate @entity7 levels with markers of organ damage in @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: This was a case control study of fifty @entity0 with @entity6 and fifty gestational age matched pregnant @entity0 with normal blood pressure. The @entity0 were drawn from The Antenatal Clinic of The Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Severe @entity6 was defined as systolic blood pressure >= 160 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure >= 110mmHg and >= 2+ of @entity3 . After obtaining an informed consent, each @entity0 completed a structured questionnaire. The questionnaire sought information on socio-demographic and clinical data. From each @entity0 , mid-stream urine was collected for urinalysis and culture, and blood sample was collected for biochemical analysis. Comparisons of continuous variables and categorical variables were done using the Student's t test and Chi square test respectively. Correlation analysis was used to determine the associations between variables. Statistical significance was set at P. RESULTS: The @entity0 were similar in their socio demographic characteristics. There was a statistically significant difference in the systolic blood pressure (p < 0.0001), diastolic blood pressure ( p < 0.0001), @entity2 ( p < 0.0001), @entity9 ( p < 0.0001), @entity8 ( p < 0.0001), @entity5 ( p < 0.0013), GGT ( p < 0.005), @entity4 ( p < 0.021), @entity7 ( p < 0.0002), and @entity1 ( p < 0.023), between the group with @entity6 and the group with normal blood pressure. This study also reports a significant association between @entity7 and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, uric acid @entity9 and @entity8 (p. CONCLUSION: The inflammatory cytokines, @entity4 , @entity1 and @entity7 are elevated in @entity6 and may mediate some of the clinical manifestations of the disorder. A role may exist for anti inflammatory agents in the management of @entity0 with @entity6 .

title: The role of cytokines as inflammatory mediators in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To enhance @entity0 penises experimentally with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and testicular tunica vaginalis grafts (TVG). METHODS: Twelve @entity0 albino @entity0 were distributed into two equal Groups, A and B. There were six @entity0 in each group. @entity1 and TVG were used to enhance @entity0 penises in Groups A and B, respectively. Circumferences of the penises were measured preoperatively and at three different times after the operation. Two, two and eight @entity0 were killed 10  days, 1  month and 2  months after the operation, respectively, for histopathological examinations. RESULTS: When we compared the measurements of preoperative and immediately postoperative circumferences, the mean increase was 23.4      2.9  % in Group A and 19.9      1.7  % in Group B. According to paired t test, the difference was significant (p  <  0001), but the comparison between preoperative and postoperative first-month measurements was not found to be significant (p  >  0.05). Histological examinations revealed an intensive inflammatory process at 10  days after the operation. Grafts were found to be totally absorbed in the first- and second-month examinations. CONCLUSION: In our study, implanted TVG and @entity1 could not survive because of insufficient vascularization and failure to maintain satisfactory surgical success. More studies are needed to increase the effectiveness of surgical techniques.

title: Penile enhancement with XXXX and testicular tunica vaginalis grafts: an experimental animal study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to generate in silico 3D-structure of the @entity1 of @entity2 using homology modeling method to further predict its conformational epitopes and help other studies to investigate its structural features using the model. METHODS: A 3D-structure prediction was developed for the @entity1 of Alkhumra @entity0 ( @entity2 ), an emerging tick-borne flavivirus, based on a homology modeling method using M4T and Modweb servers, as the 3D-structure of the protein is not available yet. Modeled proteins were validated using Modfold 4 server and their accuracies were calculated based on their RSMDs. Having the 3D predicted model with high quality, conformational epitopes were predicted using DiscoTope 2.0. RESULTS: Model generated by M4T was more acceptable than the Modweb-generated model. The global score and P-value calculated by Modfold 4 ensured that a certifiable model was generated by @entity3 , since its global score was almost near 1 which is the score for a high resolution X-ray crystallography structure. Furthermore, itsthe P-value was much lower than 0.001 which means that the model is completely acceptable. Having 0.46    rmsd, this model was shown to be highly accurate. Results from DiscoTope 2.0 showed 26 residues as epitopes, forming conformational epitopes of the modeled protein. CONCLUSION: The predicted model and epitopes for @entity1 of @entity2 can be used in several therapeutic and diagnostic approaches including peptide vaccine development, structure based drug design or diagnostic kit development in order to facilitate the time consuming experimental epitope mapping process.

title: Homology Modeling and Conformational Epitope Prediction of XXXX of Alkhumra @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to generate in silico 3D-structure of the @entity1 of @entity2 using homology modeling method to further predict its conformational epitopes and help other studies to investigate its structural features using the model. METHODS: A 3D-structure prediction was developed for the @entity1 of Alkhumra @entity0 ( @entity2 ), an emerging tick-borne flavivirus, based on a homology modeling method using M4T and Modweb servers, as the 3D-structure of the protein is not available yet. Modeled proteins were validated using Modfold 4 server and their accuracies were calculated based on their RSMDs. Having the 3D predicted model with high quality, conformational epitopes were predicted using DiscoTope 2.0. RESULTS: Model generated by M4T was more acceptable than the Modweb-generated model. The global score and P-value calculated by Modfold 4 ensured that a certifiable model was generated by @entity3 , since its global score was almost near 1 which is the score for a high resolution X-ray crystallography structure. Furthermore, itsthe P-value was much lower than 0.001 which means that the model is completely acceptable. Having 0.46    rmsd, this model was shown to be highly accurate. Results from DiscoTope 2.0 showed 26 residues as epitopes, forming conformational epitopes of the modeled protein. CONCLUSION: The predicted model and epitopes for @entity1 of @entity2 can be used in several therapeutic and diagnostic approaches including peptide vaccine development, structure based drug design or diagnostic kit development in order to facilitate the time consuming experimental epitope mapping process.

title: Homology Modeling and Conformational Epitope Prediction of @entity1 of Alkhumra XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Experience of 25 @entity0 with @entity3 is reported. Based on the presence or absence of gross invasion 17 @entity1 were regarded as benign, 8 as malignant. All @entity0 were operated on. Twenty-two had a complete excision, 2 a palliative excision, and 1 a biopsy only. Five @entity0 received post-operative radiotherapy and 2 @entity0 were given cytotoxic chemotherapy. None of the 17 @entity0 with a @entity3 had a recurrence or @entity2 due to @entity3 during the follow-up. The five- and ten-year survival rates for @entity1 were 50% and 17%, respectively. Excision is the treatment of choice for all @entity3 , since the prognosis for @entity1 is excellent and the malignancy can only by determined at exploration. Post-operative radiotherapy seems to be indicated in @entity1 . @entity4 and histologic features of @entity3 have some value in predicting prognosis.

title: Treatment and prognosis of XXXX : a review of 25 cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is a rare @entity1 of mesenchymal multipotent cells. We hereby present a case of @entity2 of the upper left thigh. A 19-year-old @entity0 was referred to our clinic by another hospital in Bucharest, Romania, for a soft tissue mass in the left upper thigh. Local examination of the left thigh revealed a 15  13 cm, ovoid, painful upon touch, soft tissue mass occupying the proximal-medial aspect of the thigh. Bilateral inguinal nodes' enlargement was noticed. Upon suspecting regional node involvement, the surgical team decided to perform left limb amputation due to @entity1 size and the proximity to major arterial and nervous trunks as well as the femoral shaft, making curative surgery and 'free of disease' resection margins improbable. The @entity0 refused the operation. The surgical team (plastic surgeon, orthopedic surgeon) decided to attempt limb-sparing surgery. After @entity1 resection, free-of-disease surgical margins were achieved. The pathological examination as well as the immunohistochemistry (IHC) diagnosed a large biphasic @entity2 warranting oncologic treatment. The association between @entity1 growth and pregnancy poses important therapeutic problems, such as the use of preoperative chemotherapy, potential pregnancy termination, limb amputation versus limb salvage intervention and types of protocols of chemotherapy or radiotherapy indicated.

title: Biphasic XXXX in a 19-year-old pregnant @entity0 : a case report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity2 is a rare @entity1 of mesenchymal multipotent cells. We hereby present a case of @entity2 of the upper left thigh. A 19-year-old @entity0 was referred to our clinic by another hospital in Bucharest, Romania, for a soft tissue mass in the left upper thigh. Local examination of the left thigh revealed a 15  13 cm, ovoid, painful upon touch, soft tissue mass occupying the proximal-medial aspect of the thigh. Bilateral inguinal nodes' enlargement was noticed. Upon suspecting regional node involvement, the surgical team decided to perform left limb amputation due to @entity1 size and the proximity to major arterial and nervous trunks as well as the femoral shaft, making curative surgery and 'free of disease' resection margins improbable. The @entity0 refused the operation. The surgical team (plastic surgeon, orthopedic surgeon) decided to attempt limb-sparing surgery. After @entity1 resection, free-of-disease surgical margins were achieved. The pathological examination as well as the immunohistochemistry (IHC) diagnosed a large biphasic @entity2 warranting oncologic treatment. The association between @entity1 growth and pregnancy poses important therapeutic problems, such as the use of preoperative chemotherapy, potential pregnancy termination, limb amputation versus limb salvage intervention and types of protocols of chemotherapy or radiotherapy indicated.

title: Biphasic @entity2 in a 19-year-old pregnant XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: Two complementary frameworks, the common sense model, and @entity1 , were used. The first purpose of this study was to compare 2 groups varying in their illness perceptions (strong vs. weak) on baseline differences in theory-based exercise cognitions (self-regulatory efficacy and outcome expectations), and health-related quality of life (HRQL). The second purpose was to examine illness perception group differences in cardiac rehabilitation exercise participation following 3 months of exercise therapy. Research Method/Design: Newly enrolled cardiac rehabilitation @entity0 (N = 49) completed baseline measures of illness perceptions, self-regulatory efficacy, outcome expectations, and HRQL. Cardiac rehabilitation exercise minutes were measured at baseline (after 2 weeks of participation) and following 3 months of cardiac rehabilitation. RESULTS: Individuals were successfully classified into strong and weak illness perception groups using cluster analysis. Analyses of variance indicated significant group differences on negative outcome expectations (p < .05), where the strong illness perception group reported greater negative outcome expectations. The strong illness perception group also reported significantly lower physical and mental HRQL as compared to their weak illness perception counterparts (p < .01). Parallel differences in cardiac rehabilitation exercise participation at 3 months were also observed (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS/IMPLICATIONS: This study was a first attempt to utilize the common sense model and @entity1 to examine individuals engaged in rehabilitation to reduce cardiac risk. The findings suggest that complementary use of these 2 frameworks to study individual illness perception differences relative to @entity2 and adherence to exercise therapy may aid understanding of correlates of exercise adherence among cardiac rehabilitation @entity0 . (PsycINFO Database Record

title: Illness perceptions and adherence to exercise therapy in cardiac rehabilitation XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: ADARs ( @entity0 deaminases that act on RNA) "edit" RNA by converting @entity4 to @entity3 within double-stranded regions. The primary targets of ADARs are long duplexes present within noncoding regions of mRNAs, such as introns and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Because @entity0 and @entity2 have different base-pairing properties, editing within these regions can alter splicing and recognition by small RNAs. However, despite numerous studies identifying multiple editing sites in these genomic regions, little is known about the extent to which editing sites co-occur on individual transcripts or the functional output of these combinatorial editing events. To begin to address these questions, we performed an ultra-deep sequencing analysis of 4 @entity1 3' UTRs that are known ADAR targets. Synchronous editing events were determined for the long duplexes in vivo. Furthermore, the validity of each editing event was confirmed by sequencing the same regions of mRNA from worms that lack A-to-I editing. This analysis identified a large number of editing sites that can occur within each 3' UTR, but interestingly, each individual transcript contained only a small fraction of these A-to-I editing events. In addition, editing patterns were not random, indicating that an editing event can affect the efficiency of editing at subsequent @entity4 . Furthermore, we identified specific sites that can be both positively and negatively correlated with additional sites leading to mutually exclusive editing patterns. These results suggest that editing in noncoding regions is selective and hyper-editing of cellular RNAs is rare.

title: Noncoding regions of @entity1 mRNA undergo selective XXXX to @entity2 deamination and contain a small number of editing sites per transcript.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: ADARs ( @entity0 deaminases that act on RNA) "edit" RNA by converting @entity4 to @entity3 within double-stranded regions. The primary targets of ADARs are long duplexes present within noncoding regions of mRNAs, such as introns and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Because @entity0 and @entity2 have different base-pairing properties, editing within these regions can alter splicing and recognition by small RNAs. However, despite numerous studies identifying multiple editing sites in these genomic regions, little is known about the extent to which editing sites co-occur on individual transcripts or the functional output of these combinatorial editing events. To begin to address these questions, we performed an ultra-deep sequencing analysis of 4 @entity1 3' UTRs that are known ADAR targets. Synchronous editing events were determined for the long duplexes in vivo. Furthermore, the validity of each editing event was confirmed by sequencing the same regions of mRNA from worms that lack A-to-I editing. This analysis identified a large number of editing sites that can occur within each 3' UTR, but interestingly, each individual transcript contained only a small fraction of these A-to-I editing events. In addition, editing patterns were not random, indicating that an editing event can affect the efficiency of editing at subsequent @entity4 . Furthermore, we identified specific sites that can be both positively and negatively correlated with additional sites leading to mutually exclusive editing patterns. These results suggest that editing in noncoding regions is selective and hyper-editing of cellular RNAs is rare.

title: Noncoding regions of XXXX mRNA undergo selective @entity0 to @entity2 deamination and contain a small number of editing sites per transcript.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: ADARs ( @entity0 deaminases that act on RNA) "edit" RNA by converting @entity4 to @entity3 within double-stranded regions. The primary targets of ADARs are long duplexes present within noncoding regions of mRNAs, such as introns and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs). Because @entity0 and @entity2 have different base-pairing properties, editing within these regions can alter splicing and recognition by small RNAs. However, despite numerous studies identifying multiple editing sites in these genomic regions, little is known about the extent to which editing sites co-occur on individual transcripts or the functional output of these combinatorial editing events. To begin to address these questions, we performed an ultra-deep sequencing analysis of 4 @entity1 3' UTRs that are known ADAR targets. Synchronous editing events were determined for the long duplexes in vivo. Furthermore, the validity of each editing event was confirmed by sequencing the same regions of mRNA from worms that lack A-to-I editing. This analysis identified a large number of editing sites that can occur within each 3' UTR, but interestingly, each individual transcript contained only a small fraction of these A-to-I editing events. In addition, editing patterns were not random, indicating that an editing event can affect the efficiency of editing at subsequent @entity4 . Furthermore, we identified specific sites that can be both positively and negatively correlated with additional sites leading to mutually exclusive editing patterns. These results suggest that editing in noncoding regions is selective and hyper-editing of cellular RNAs is rare.

title: Noncoding regions of @entity1 mRNA undergo selective @entity0 to XXXX deamination and contain a small number of editing sites per transcript.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Increasing evidence suggests that a brain-gut-microbiome axis exists, which has the potential to play a major role in modulating behaviour. However, the role of this axis in cognition remains relatively unexplored. Probiotics, which are commensal bacteria offering potential health benefit, have been shown to decrease @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity3 -related behaviours. In this study, we investigate the potential of two Bifidobacteria strains to modulate cognitive processes and @entity3 sensitivity. Adult male BALB/c @entity0 were fed daily for 11 weeks with @entity4 1714, @entity5 1205 or vehicle treatment. Starting at week 4, animals were behaviourally assessed in a battery of tests relevant to different aspects of cognition, as well as locomotor activity and @entity3 . In the object recognition test, @entity4 1714-fed @entity0 discriminated between the two objects faster than all other groups and @entity5 1205-fed @entity0 discriminated faster than vehicle animals. In the Barnes maze, @entity4 1714-treated @entity0 made fewer errors than other groups, suggesting a better learning. In the fear conditioning, @entity4 1714-treated group also showed better learning and memory, yet presenting the same extinction learning profile as controls. None of the treatments affected visceral sensitivity. Altogether, these data suggest that @entity4 1714 had a positive impact on cognition and also that the effects of individual Bifidobacteria strains do not generalise across the species. Clinical validation of the effects of probiotics on cognition is now warranted.

title: Bifidobacteria modulate cognitive processes in an anxious XXXX strain.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recurrence of @entity2 even after complete resection is common, but the relapse patterns remain controversial. This study aimed to define the patterns and predictors of relapse after complete resection of @entity2 . METHODS: A single-institution retrospective study was performed with 331 @entity0 who underwent radical resection of @entity2 between 1991 and 2012. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 59months, the recurrence rate was 6.9% (23/331). Relapse occurred in 23 @entity0 with the pleura (14) and @entity1 bed (6) as the most common sites of recurrence. According to the definitions of the International Thymic Malignancy Interest Group, 10 (43.5%) @entity0 had local relapse, 15 (65.2%) had regional relapse, 10 (43.5%) had distant relapse. The difference in survival following relapse between lung and regional relapse was statistically significant (P=0.027) but that between lung and distant relapse was not (P=0.808). The recurrence rates correlated with the initial Masaoka stage. Further, recurrence also correlated with World Health Organization (WHO) @entity1 type. The recurrence-free survival rates in @entity0 with @entity1 size    8cm were worse than those of @entity0 with @entity1 size <8cm (P=0.007). @entity1 size was also correlated with stage (r=0.110). As @entity1 becomes larger, the stage is more advanced (P=0.023). Multivariate analysis showed that Masaoka stage (P=0.005), @entity1 size (P=0.033), and WHO histological type (P=0.046) were predictive factors of relapse. CONCLUSION: Regional recurrence is the most common relapse pattern but local and distant relapse are also common. Advanced Masaoka stage, larger @entity1 size, and type B3 are risk factors of recurrence. Lung relapse should be considered distant relapse. Further, @entity1 size was correlated with Masaoka stage and therefore should be considered in the staging system.

title: Patterns and predictors of recurrence after radical resection of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical characteristics of Native Hawaiians (NH) and other Pacific Islanders (PI) who are hospitalized with @entity4 . DESIGN: Retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of medical records. SETTING: Tertiary, Primary @entity2 Center in Honolulu, Hawaii. @entity0 : Consecutive @entity0 with race/ethnicity identified as NH or PI who were hospitalized for @entity4 between January 2006 and December 2012. OUTCOME MEASURES: Age, sex, cardiovascular risk factors, intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV-tPA) utilization rate and hospital length of stay. RESULTS: A total of 561 @entity0 (57% NH and 43% PI) were studied. PI were younger (59    13 years vs 62    14 years, P = .002), had higher prevalence of @entity1 (58% vs 41%, P < .0001) and prosthetic valve (6% vs 2%, P = .007), lower prevalence of smoking (14% vs 21%, P = .03), lower HDL @entity3 (38    11 mg/dL vs 41    13 mg/dL, P = .004), and higher discharge diastolic blood pressure (79    15 vs 76 mm Hg    14 mm Hg, P = .04) compared to NH. No difference was seen in other cardiovascular risk factors. The IV-tPA utilization rate (5% vs 6%, P = .48) and the hospital length of stay (10    17 days vs 10    49 days, P = .86) were not different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Native Hawaiians and other Pacific Islanders with @entity4 have modestly different age of @entity2 presentation and burden of risk factors compared to each other. Disaggregating these two racial groups may be important to unmask any potential clinical differences in future studies.

title: XXXX Disparities: Disaggregating Native Hawaiians from other Pacific Islanders.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Apoptosis of osteoblasts induced by glucocorticoid (GC) has been identified as a main cause of @entity1 , @entity3 and @entity2 , and the oxidative stress was found as an important contributor. Therefore, natural or synthetic agents with antioxidant activities can antagonize GCs-induced apoptosis in osteoblasts, and thus demonstrate the potential application to reverse @entity1 . In this study, we showed that, indole-3-carbinol ( @entity8 ), a natural product found in broadly consumed plants of the Brassica genus, could block the cytotoxic effects of dexamethasone (Dex), and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms. Firstly, we showed that, I3C could effectively suppress Dex-induced @entity0 and apoptotic cell death in osteoblastic cells, as evidenced by the decrease in Sub-G1 cell population. Treatment of the cells with Dex resulted in activation of caspase-3/-8/-9 and subsequent cleavage of @entity5 , which was also effectively blocked by co-incubation of I3C. Moreover, exposure to Dex triggered a rapid onset and time-dependent superoxide overproduction in osteoblastic cells, which was effectively suppressed by addition of I3C. Excess intracellular ROS induced by Dex significantly suppressed the expression levels of @entity6 and the downstream effectors, @entity7 and @entity4 , but these changes could be reversed by I3C. Knockdown of @entity6 using siRNA silencing technique significantly reversed the protective effects of I3C against Dex-induced apoptosis and ROS generation. Taken together, I3C can reverse @entity0 of Dex through blocking ROS overproduction and enhancement of @entity6 expression. This study may provide a safe and good strategy for molecular intervention of GCs-induced @entity1 by using natural products.

title: Indole-3-carbinol as inhibitors of glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis in osteoblastic cells through blocking ROS-mediated XXXX pathway.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Breast cancer @entity2 is the leading cause of @entity3 in @entity1 worldwide. Collagen in the @entity3 microenvironment plays a crucial role in regulating @entity3 progression. We have shown that type III collagen (Col3), a component of @entity3 stroma, regulates myofibroblast differentiation and scar formation after cutaneous injury. During the course of these wound-healing studies, we noted that @entity3 developed at a higher frequency in Col3(+/-) @entity4 compared to wild-type littermate controls. We, therefore, examined the effect of Col3 deficiency on @entity3 behavior, using the @entity4 @entity5 cell line 4T1. Notably, @entity3 volume and pulmonary metastatic burden after orthotopic injection of 4T1 cells were increased in Col3(+/-) @entity4 compared to Col3(+/+) littermates. By using @entity4 (4T1) and @entity1 (MDA-MB-231) @entity0 cells grown in Col3-poor and Col3-enriched microenvironments in  vitro, we found that several major events of the metastatic process were suppressed by Col3, including adhesion, invasion, and migration. In addition, Col3 deficiency increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis of 4T1 cells both in  vitro and in @entity3 in  vivo. Mechanistically, Col3 suppresses the procarcinogenic microenvironment by regulating stromal organization, including density and alignment of fibrillar collagen and myofibroblasts. We propose that Col3 plays an important role in the @entity3 microenvironment by suppressing @entity2 -promoting characteristics of the @entity3 -associated stroma.

title: Type III Collagen Directs Stromal Organization and Limits @entity2 in a @entity4 Model of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Breast cancer @entity2 is the leading cause of @entity3 in @entity1 worldwide. Collagen in the @entity3 microenvironment plays a crucial role in regulating @entity3 progression. We have shown that type III collagen (Col3), a component of @entity3 stroma, regulates myofibroblast differentiation and scar formation after cutaneous injury. During the course of these wound-healing studies, we noted that @entity3 developed at a higher frequency in Col3(+/-) @entity4 compared to wild-type littermate controls. We, therefore, examined the effect of Col3 deficiency on @entity3 behavior, using the @entity4 @entity5 cell line 4T1. Notably, @entity3 volume and pulmonary metastatic burden after orthotopic injection of 4T1 cells were increased in Col3(+/-) @entity4 compared to Col3(+/+) littermates. By using @entity4 (4T1) and @entity1 (MDA-MB-231) @entity0 cells grown in Col3-poor and Col3-enriched microenvironments in  vitro, we found that several major events of the metastatic process were suppressed by Col3, including adhesion, invasion, and migration. In addition, Col3 deficiency increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis of 4T1 cells both in  vitro and in @entity3 in  vivo. Mechanistically, Col3 suppresses the procarcinogenic microenvironment by regulating stromal organization, including density and alignment of fibrillar collagen and myofibroblasts. We propose that Col3 plays an important role in the @entity3 microenvironment by suppressing @entity2 -promoting characteristics of the @entity3 -associated stroma.

title: Type III Collagen Directs Stromal Organization and Limits XXXX in a @entity4 Model of @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Breast cancer @entity2 is the leading cause of @entity3 in @entity1 worldwide. Collagen in the @entity3 microenvironment plays a crucial role in regulating @entity3 progression. We have shown that type III collagen (Col3), a component of @entity3 stroma, regulates myofibroblast differentiation and scar formation after cutaneous injury. During the course of these wound-healing studies, we noted that @entity3 developed at a higher frequency in Col3(+/-) @entity4 compared to wild-type littermate controls. We, therefore, examined the effect of Col3 deficiency on @entity3 behavior, using the @entity4 @entity5 cell line 4T1. Notably, @entity3 volume and pulmonary metastatic burden after orthotopic injection of 4T1 cells were increased in Col3(+/-) @entity4 compared to Col3(+/+) littermates. By using @entity4 (4T1) and @entity1 (MDA-MB-231) @entity0 cells grown in Col3-poor and Col3-enriched microenvironments in  vitro, we found that several major events of the metastatic process were suppressed by Col3, including adhesion, invasion, and migration. In addition, Col3 deficiency increased proliferation and decreased apoptosis of 4T1 cells both in  vitro and in @entity3 in  vivo. Mechanistically, Col3 suppresses the procarcinogenic microenvironment by regulating stromal organization, including density and alignment of fibrillar collagen and myofibroblasts. We propose that Col3 plays an important role in the @entity3 microenvironment by suppressing @entity2 -promoting characteristics of the @entity3 -associated stroma.

title: Type III Collagen Directs Stromal Organization and Limits @entity2 in a XXXX Model of @entity0 .

answer: @entity4