abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of age, @entity3 , and cognitive ability on the cognitive processing load during listening to speech presented in noise. Cognitive load was assessed by means of pupillometry (i.e., examination of @entity2 ), supplemented with subjective ratings. DESIGN: Two groups of subjects participated: 38 middle-aged @entity0 (mean age = 55 yrs) with normal hearing and 36 middle-aged @entity0 (mean age = 61 yrs) with @entity3 . Using three Speech Reception Threshold (SRT) in stationary noise tests, we estimated the speech-to-noise ratios (SNRs) required for the correct repetition of 50%, 71%, or 84% of the sentences (SRT50%, SRT71%, and SRT84%, respectively). We examined the pupil response during listening: the peak amplitude, the peak latency, the mean dilation, and the pupil response duration. For each condition, @entity0 rated the experienced listening effort and estimated their performance level. @entity0 also performed the Text Reception Threshold (TRT) test, a test of processing speed, and a word vocabulary test. Data were compared with previously published data from young @entity0 with normal hearing. RESULTS: @entity3 was related to relatively poor SRTs, and higher speech intelligibility was associated with lower effort and higher performance ratings. For listeners with normal hearing, increasing age was associated with poorer TRTs and slower processing speed but with larger word vocabulary. A multivariate repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated main effects of group and SNR and an interaction effect between these factors on the pupil response. The peak latency was relatively short and the mean dilation was relatively small at low intelligibility levels for the middle-aged groups, whereas the reverse was observed for high intelligibility levels. The decrease in the pupil response as a function of increasing SNR was relatively small for the listeners with @entity3 . Spearman correlation coefficients indicated that the cognitive load was larger in listeners with better TRT performances as reflected by a longer peak latency (normal-hearing @entity0 , SRT50% condition) and a larger peak amplitude and longer response duration ( @entity3 @entity0 , SRT50% and SRT84% conditions). Also, a larger word vocabulary was related to longer response duration in the SRT84% condition for the @entity0 with normal hearing. CONCLUSIONS: The pupil response systematically increased with decreasing speech intelligibility. Ageing and @entity3 were related to less release from effort when increasing the intelligibility of speech in noise. In difficult listening conditions, these factors may induce @entity1 relatively early or they may be associated with relatively shallow speech processing. More research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms explaining these results. Better TRTs and larger word vocabulary were related to higher mental processing load across speech intelligibility levels. This indicates that utilizing linguistic ability to improve speech perception is associated with increased listening load.

title: Cognitive load during speech perception in noise: the influence of age, XXXX , and cognition on the pupil response.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 is commonly isolated from the amniotic fluid of unselected individuals with intact membranes at the time of cesarean section even prior to onset of labor. The risk of placental infection increases with onset of labor, rupture of membranes and number of vaginal examinations. Qualitative cultures of @entity0 with clinical signs of @entity1 and matched controls indicate that @entity3 can be found in 50% of amniotic fluid samples of both groups thus suggesting that it may not be a cause of clinical @entity2 . To gain further understanding of the potential role of this organism, we performed amniotic fluid and blood cultures and measured serologic responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in @entity0 with clinical @entity1 and matched controls. @entity3 was the single most common bacterial species isolated from maternal blood and amniotic fluid but the isolation rate did not differ between symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity0 . Also other known pathogenic bacteria were often isolated from amniotic fluids containing ureaplasmas. However, the marked difference in serologic response between symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity0 and the occurrence of ureaplasmemia in some suggest that in certain individuals @entity3 may be a cause of clinical @entity2 . Serologic responsiveness, ureaplasmemia and isolation of ureaplasmas in pure culture from amniotic fluid of some asymptomatic @entity0 suggest that @entity3 may also be a cause of clinically silent @entity2 . Previous studies have shown a significant association between @entity2 documented by histopathology and isolation of @entity3 from the placenta or @entity0 but not the maternal cervix.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Role of @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 is commonly isolated from the amniotic fluid of unselected individuals with intact membranes at the time of cesarean section even prior to onset of labor. The risk of placental infection increases with onset of labor, rupture of membranes and number of vaginal examinations. Qualitative cultures of @entity0 with clinical signs of @entity1 and matched controls indicate that @entity3 can be found in 50% of amniotic fluid samples of both groups thus suggesting that it may not be a cause of clinical @entity2 . To gain further understanding of the potential role of this organism, we performed amniotic fluid and blood cultures and measured serologic responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in @entity0 with clinical @entity1 and matched controls. @entity3 was the single most common bacterial species isolated from maternal blood and amniotic fluid but the isolation rate did not differ between symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity0 . Also other known pathogenic bacteria were often isolated from amniotic fluids containing ureaplasmas. However, the marked difference in serologic response between symptomatic and asymptomatic @entity0 and the occurrence of ureaplasmemia in some suggest that in certain individuals @entity3 may be a cause of clinical @entity2 . Serologic responsiveness, ureaplasmemia and isolation of ureaplasmas in pure culture from amniotic fluid of some asymptomatic @entity0 suggest that @entity3 may also be a cause of clinically silent @entity2 . Previous studies have shown a significant association between @entity2 documented by histopathology and isolation of @entity3 from the placenta or @entity0 but not the maternal cervix.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Role of XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity4 has become an endemic problem worldwide. @entity2 has its effect on various organs, including the reproductive system, although there are controversial reports over it. Thus, the present study was designed to study the effect of @entity3 ( @entity5 ) exposure for different durations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 healthy @entity0 were divided into three equal groups. Group I was fed on a standard diet for 30 days, Group II was fed on @entity3 (20 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days and Group III was fed on @entity3 (20 mg/kg body weight) for 60 days. Sperm count, motility, progressive motility and weight of @entity1 and epididymis were measured and compared with the control group. RESULTS: We observed that in the group exposed to @entity5 for 30 days (Group II), there was a significant decrease in all the parameters except the testicular weight and in the group on exposure of 60 days (Group III), there was a significant decrease in all the parameters when compared with the control group (Group I). On applying the Tukey post-hoc test between Groups II and III, we observed that there was a significant decrease in the sperm count while the other parameters showed a non-significant decrease. Testicular histology was confirmatory for the above findings. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that @entity2 hampers the reproductive functions of male @entity0 and is proportional to the duration of @entity2 exposure.

title: Effect of duration of XXXX exposure on the reproductive system in male @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: @entity4 has become an endemic problem worldwide. @entity2 has its effect on various organs, including the reproductive system, although there are controversial reports over it. Thus, the present study was designed to study the effect of @entity3 ( @entity5 ) exposure for different durations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 30 healthy @entity0 were divided into three equal groups. Group I was fed on a standard diet for 30 days, Group II was fed on @entity3 (20 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days and Group III was fed on @entity3 (20 mg/kg body weight) for 60 days. Sperm count, motility, progressive motility and weight of @entity1 and epididymis were measured and compared with the control group. RESULTS: We observed that in the group exposed to @entity5 for 30 days (Group II), there was a significant decrease in all the parameters except the testicular weight and in the group on exposure of 60 days (Group III), there was a significant decrease in all the parameters when compared with the control group (Group I). On applying the Tukey post-hoc test between Groups II and III, we observed that there was a significant decrease in the sperm count while the other parameters showed a non-significant decrease. Testicular histology was confirmatory for the above findings. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that @entity2 hampers the reproductive functions of male @entity0 and is proportional to the duration of @entity2 exposure.

title: Effect of duration of @entity2 exposure on the reproductive system in male XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: MOTIVATION: Despite more than two decades of research, @entity0 resistance to drugs remains a serious obstacle in developing efficient @entity1 treatments. Several computational methods have been developed to predict resistance level from the sequence of viral proteins such as reverse transcriptase (RT) or protease. These methods, while powerful and accurate, give very little insight into the molecular interactions that underly acquisition of drug resistance/hypersusceptibility. Here, we attempt at filling this gap by using our Monte Carlo feature selection and interdependency discovery method (MCFS-ID) to elucidate molecular interaction networks that characterize viral strains with altered drug resistance levels. RESULTS: We analyzed a number of @entity3 RT sequences annotated with drug resistance level using the MCFS-ID method. This let us expound interdependency networks that characterize change of drug resistance to six selected RT inhibitors: @entity9 , @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity7 and @entity4 . The networks consider interdependencies at the level of physicochemical properties of mutating @entity2 , eg,: polarity. We mapped each network on the 3D structure of RT in attempt to understand the molecular meaning of interacting pairs. The discovered interactions describe several known drug resistance mechanisms and, importantly, some previously unidentified ones. Our approach can be easily applied to a whole range of problems from the domain of protein engineering. AVAILABILITY: A portable Java implementation of our MCFS-ID method is freely available for academic users and can be obtained at: http://www.ipipan.eu/staff/m.draminski/software.htm.

title: Computational Analysis of Molecular Interaction Networks Underlying Change of XXXX Resistance to Selected Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The secretory immune system has been well studied in the intestinal, bronchial, and biliary systems and breast. Tissue studies of secretory immunoglobulins in the kidney are scanty, mostly related to @entity1 with IgA. Renal tissues from 37 autopsies selected for any history of @entity1 were processed for immunohistologic studies on frozen sections with several antisera, including a purified rabbit anti-human secretory component (SC). By immunohistology, gel diffusion, and immunoblotting, the anti-SC antibody reacted appropriately with purified @entity0 SC, saliva, intestinal epithelium, and breast milk and did not cross-react with immunoglobulin heavy or light chains, lactoferrin, and other tissue proteins. IgA and SC were seen in tubular casts in 70% of @entity0 , whereas less impressive staining with IgM, IgG, and albumin was seen, respectively, in 24%, 13%, and 22% of the @entity0 . SC was present in the cytoplasm of distal tubule and Henle's loop cells in 78% of specimens. A control group of 10 healthy individuals who died suddenly showed minimal staining of casts and tubules in 2 specimens. Renal pathology in the group with IgA-SC+ casts included @entity4 (54%), severe @entity2 (61%), and mild @entity1 (38%). The group with negative IgA-SC casts included @entity4 (64%), infectious @entity3 (36%), and negligible @entity1 (36%). This study suggests that discrete distal segments of the nephron may have the capability of secreting SC, which is probably coupled with serum-derived IgA and incorporated into luminal tubular secretions. The low level of immunosecretions in kidneys which are normal or minimally damaged suggests that this system may need to be turned on by unknown, probably pathogenic stimulating factors.

title: Secretory immune responses in XXXX kidneys.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The isolation of three proteins in crystalline form from ground beef liver is described. These proteins are FTBL protein (Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 188, 251-265 (1978), crotonase, and @entity1 . Crotonase is isolated by crystallization from a 32% @entity0 extract of the ground liver. FTBL protein and @entity1 can subsequently be isolated from the same extract. For optimal yield and ease of isolation, FTBL protein is isolated from a 46.5% @entity0 extract from which @entity1 can subsequently be crystallized by dialysis. The isolation of FTBL protein as well as the isolation of @entity1 involves a preliminary fractional precipitation and solution before crystallization can be achieved. @entity2 can be substituted for @entity0 in the isolation of the above three proteins and in the case of @entity1 , results in an exceptionally high yield. Methods for the recrystallization of the proteins are presented and the role of organic solvents in recrystallization is discussed.

title: Isolation of three crystalline proteins from beef liver after partial purification by XXXX fractionation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Fifty @entity0 with @entity6 (13 @entity0 class B, 37 class C) were treated for @entity1 during a 3-year period using the transhepatic selective catheterization and injection of absolute @entity5 . Technical failure of the procedure was encountered in 13 instances. The causes were the presence of massive @entity3 and rigidly contracted liver, cavernous transformation of the main portal vein, and severe @entity4 . Of the 13 failures, 12 were in @entity0 class C and one in class B. Of 37 initially successfully treated @entity0 , 13 rebled subsequently. Nine of these were @entity0 class C and four were class B. Rebleeding was fatal in five of nine class C @entity0 . Rebleeding was due to recanalization of previously thrombosed access channel in two of 13 @entity0 . Nine @entity0 died, despite successful @entity2 of varices, due to underlying medical conditions. Fifteen @entity0 survived 6 months or more after initial @entity2 without rebleeding. @entity0 class B @entity0 are better candidates for this treatment technique because more favorable treatment results are expected in them. @entity0 class C @entity0 with massive @entity3 and severely contracted and rigid liver pose a significant technical challenge, but in about one-third, successful control of variceal bleeding can be achieved. Most of those who survived more than 6 months showed varying degrees of improvement in clinical signs and symptoms.

title: XXXX thrombotherapy of esophageal varices: further experience.

answer: @entity5


abstract: These experiments were designed to analyze the involvement of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in @entity3 such as @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). In a first set of experiments, lymphocytes isolated from thyroid infiltrates or from peripheral blood of @entity5 and @entity4 @entity0 were analyzed for the expression of various surface antigens. While HLA-DR + T cells were numerous among thyroid infiltrating T lymphocytes in both groups of @entity0 , the proportions of T8 + cells (as defined by their reactivity with the B 9.4 monoclonal antibody specific for T8 surface molecule) were strikingly different in @entity4 and @entity5 . In the latter group of @entity0 only 19% of infiltrating T cells were T8 +, whereas these cells represented approximately 50% in four @entity4 @entity0 . Given the previous demonstration that all T cells expressing T8 antigen are cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) or their precursors (CTL-P) in conjunction with the fact that lymphocytes from @entity4 or @entity5 @entity0 are known to proliferate in vitro in response to @entity0 tg (Htg), we further analyzed the T-cell subset(s) responsible for in vitro proliferation to Htg. In these experiments, peripheral blood T lymphocytes purified from @entity0 with @entity5 or @entity4 were cultured with 1 microgram/ml Htg and irradiated autologous T-depleted mononuclear cells as the source of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The proportions of T8 + cells declined considerably during culture in @entity5 @entity0 , but at Days 6 to 9, T8 + cells represented as much as 51% of cultured T lymphocytes from @entity0 with @entity4 . Moreover, the majority of T8 + cells were medium-large size lymphoblasts. Removal of Htg at Day 6 resulted in both abrogation of proliferative responsiveness and in decreases of T8 + percentages. Further analysis of the cell interactions leading to T8 + cell proliferation in response to Htg showed that helper/inducer T cells, as defined by 5/9 antigen expression, were strictly required. Collectively, these features are reminiscent of the T-cell involvement in experimental @entity3 of @entity1 and stress for the first time the potential role of CTL in tissue damage occurring in @entity4 .

title: Proliferation of T8-positive cytolytic T lymphocytes in response to thyroglobulin in @entity0 XXXX : analysis of cell interactions and culture requirements.

answer: @entity3


abstract: These experiments were designed to analyze the involvement of T-lymphocyte subpopulations in @entity3 such as @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). In a first set of experiments, lymphocytes isolated from thyroid infiltrates or from peripheral blood of @entity5 and @entity4 @entity0 were analyzed for the expression of various surface antigens. While HLA-DR + T cells were numerous among thyroid infiltrating T lymphocytes in both groups of @entity0 , the proportions of T8 + cells (as defined by their reactivity with the B 9.4 monoclonal antibody specific for T8 surface molecule) were strikingly different in @entity4 and @entity5 . In the latter group of @entity0 only 19% of infiltrating T cells were T8 +, whereas these cells represented approximately 50% in four @entity4 @entity0 . Given the previous demonstration that all T cells expressing T8 antigen are cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) or their precursors (CTL-P) in conjunction with the fact that lymphocytes from @entity4 or @entity5 @entity0 are known to proliferate in vitro in response to @entity0 tg (Htg), we further analyzed the T-cell subset(s) responsible for in vitro proliferation to Htg. In these experiments, peripheral blood T lymphocytes purified from @entity0 with @entity5 or @entity4 were cultured with 1 microgram/ml Htg and irradiated autologous T-depleted mononuclear cells as the source of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The proportions of T8 + cells declined considerably during culture in @entity5 @entity0 , but at Days 6 to 9, T8 + cells represented as much as 51% of cultured T lymphocytes from @entity0 with @entity4 . Moreover, the majority of T8 + cells were medium-large size lymphoblasts. Removal of Htg at Day 6 resulted in both abrogation of proliferative responsiveness and in decreases of T8 + percentages. Further analysis of the cell interactions leading to T8 + cell proliferation in response to Htg showed that helper/inducer T cells, as defined by 5/9 antigen expression, were strictly required. Collectively, these features are reminiscent of the T-cell involvement in experimental @entity3 of @entity1 and stress for the first time the potential role of CTL in tissue damage occurring in @entity4 .

title: Proliferation of T8-positive cytolytic T lymphocytes in response to thyroglobulin in XXXX @entity3 : analysis of cell interactions and culture requirements.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The retinoid drugs have profound effects on many aspects of skin biology. The exact activity profile depends on the particular analog and its route of administration. The topical @entity2 used at present have marked therapeutic effects on epidermal cell production and desquamation. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) also acts on dermal connective tissue and microvasculature in a way that is less well established but may also be of therapeutic benefit. We investigated both @entity1 and motretinide in normal subjects and in @entity0 with @entity3 . The quantitative @entity4 test has been particularly useful in monitoring the desquamatory action of these topically applied @entity2 . Both compounds resulted in enhanced rates of epidermopoiesis and desquamation. Marked changes in the cytochemical profile of the epidermis were also detected, changes that differed somewhat from the alterations induced by the systemic administration of etretinate. Changes in dermal structure and vascularization were monitored by A-scan ultrasound and laser Doppler flowmetry. However, only minor changes were recorded, probably because of the comparatively short application time. These newer techniques for investigating skin structure and function offer considerable opportunities for delineating the action of @entity2 .

title: Techniques for assessing the activity of topically applied XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Pepsinogen II ( @entity2 ) is a gastric proenzyme which has previously been found in both @entity0 seminal fluid and the prostate gland. However, no regional distribution of @entity2 has been noted within the prostate nor has it been found in the seminal vesicle. Bouins-fixed sections of central zone, peripheral zone and seminal vesicle, taken from 10 prostates removed at radical prostatectomy or cystectomy, were exposed to antibody against @entity2 and stained using the A-B-C immunoperoxidase technique. @entity1 -fixed tissue from autopsy prostates of four @entity0 in the third decade, and six cases with BPH nodules, were also examined for @entity2 activity. In nine of 10 seminal vesicles, and seven of 10 central zone samples, more than 50 per cent of the cells stained positive for @entity2 . By contrast, in nine of 10 peripheral zone samples staining was present in five per cent or less of the epithelial cells. Similarly, @entity2 activity in the four autopsy prostates occurred almost entirely within the central zone and ended abruptly at the boundary between the peripheral and central zones. BPH nodules contained no @entity2 activity. These findings provide the first evidence that the central and peripheral zones may serve different biological functions. Embryologically it is currently thought that the prostate is of endodermal origin and the seminal vesicle of mesodermal origin. The presence of large amounts of @entity2 in both the seminal vesicle and central zone lends support to the hypothesis of a common mesodermal origin for these two structures.

title: Differential distribution of pepsinogen II between the zones of the XXXX prostate and the seminal vesicle.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Seven hundred and ninety-six consecutive @entity1 with operable primary @entity0 treated with @entity6 -containing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy between 1974 and 1982 were evaluated for assessment of the acute and long-term @entity3 of the program. Most @entity1 experienced @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity11 , side effects that were totally reversible. @entity6 skin infiltration was observed in 6% of the @entity1 . Hematologic @entity3 was moderate, and only 26% of the @entity1 had a granulocyte nadir of less than 1000 cells/ml. Febrile or infectious complications occurred in 6% of @entity1 , of which 3% required hospitalization for observation and antibiotic treatment. No long-term hematologic changes were observed. @entity13 was reported by 80% of premenopausal @entity1 . However, none of the @entity1 under 30 years of age had @entity12 , whereas 96% of those 40-49 years of age developed @entity13 . @entity13 was permanent for most @entity1 over 40, but for 50% of @entity1 under 40 years of age, it was reversible. Endocrinologic studies showed that @entity13 was a result of @entity14 . The incidence of second @entity2 was lower (1.3%) in the group treated with @entity10 , @entity6 , and @entity8 than in the historical control group (4.8%). @entity9 data was evaluated in 460 @entity1 . When up to a cumulative dose of 300 mg/m2 was given, 1% of the @entity1 developed @entity7 . In 4 of these 5, adequate control was achieved with medical treatment; 1 @entity1 died as a consequence of @entity9 .

title: Immediate and long-term XXXX of adjuvant chemotherapy regimens containing @entity6 in trials at M.D. Anderson Hospital and @entity2 Institute.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Seven hundred and ninety-six consecutive @entity1 with operable primary @entity0 treated with @entity6 -containing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy between 1974 and 1982 were evaluated for assessment of the acute and long-term @entity3 of the program. Most @entity1 experienced @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity11 , side effects that were totally reversible. @entity6 skin infiltration was observed in 6% of the @entity1 . Hematologic @entity3 was moderate, and only 26% of the @entity1 had a granulocyte nadir of less than 1000 cells/ml. Febrile or infectious complications occurred in 6% of @entity1 , of which 3% required hospitalization for observation and antibiotic treatment. No long-term hematologic changes were observed. @entity13 was reported by 80% of premenopausal @entity1 . However, none of the @entity1 under 30 years of age had @entity12 , whereas 96% of those 40-49 years of age developed @entity13 . @entity13 was permanent for most @entity1 over 40, but for 50% of @entity1 under 40 years of age, it was reversible. Endocrinologic studies showed that @entity13 was a result of @entity14 . The incidence of second @entity2 was lower (1.3%) in the group treated with @entity10 , @entity6 , and @entity8 than in the historical control group (4.8%). @entity9 data was evaluated in 460 @entity1 . When up to a cumulative dose of 300 mg/m2 was given, 1% of the @entity1 developed @entity7 . In 4 of these 5, adequate control was achieved with medical treatment; 1 @entity1 died as a consequence of @entity9 .

title: Immediate and long-term @entity3 of adjuvant chemotherapy regimens containing XXXX in trials at M.D. Anderson Hospital and @entity2 Institute.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Seven hundred and ninety-six consecutive @entity1 with operable primary @entity0 treated with @entity6 -containing postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy between 1974 and 1982 were evaluated for assessment of the acute and long-term @entity3 of the program. Most @entity1 experienced @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity11 , side effects that were totally reversible. @entity6 skin infiltration was observed in 6% of the @entity1 . Hematologic @entity3 was moderate, and only 26% of the @entity1 had a granulocyte nadir of less than 1000 cells/ml. Febrile or infectious complications occurred in 6% of @entity1 , of which 3% required hospitalization for observation and antibiotic treatment. No long-term hematologic changes were observed. @entity13 was reported by 80% of premenopausal @entity1 . However, none of the @entity1 under 30 years of age had @entity12 , whereas 96% of those 40-49 years of age developed @entity13 . @entity13 was permanent for most @entity1 over 40, but for 50% of @entity1 under 40 years of age, it was reversible. Endocrinologic studies showed that @entity13 was a result of @entity14 . The incidence of second @entity2 was lower (1.3%) in the group treated with @entity10 , @entity6 , and @entity8 than in the historical control group (4.8%). @entity9 data was evaluated in 460 @entity1 . When up to a cumulative dose of 300 mg/m2 was given, 1% of the @entity1 developed @entity7 . In 4 of these 5, adequate control was achieved with medical treatment; 1 @entity1 died as a consequence of @entity9 .

title: Immediate and long-term @entity3 of adjuvant chemotherapy regimens containing @entity6 in trials at M.D. Anderson Hospital and XXXX Institute.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The nature of neurogenic vasodilatation was investigated in isolated segments of @entity0 lingual artery. In separate experiments membrane responses to nerve stimulation were studied by use of microelectrodes. In the presence of @entity6 to block constrictor responses and @entity3 to induce tone, field stimulation with trains of pulses (8 Hz for 0.5 to 4 s) produced vasodilatation. @entity7 (10(-6) M) reduced the relaxations to about 50% of the control values while the induced vasodilatations were potentiated by @entity5 . @entity2 ( @entity8 , 10(-7) M) blocked all nerve-evoked responses. These data suggest that there is a cholinergic and a non-cholinergic component of the vasodilatation produced by nerve stimulation in the @entity0 lingual artery. Single stimuli did not evoke electrophysiological responses. With parameters similar to those used in the mechanical studies, periarterial stimulation in the presence of @entity6 evoked membrane hyperpolarizations which achieved amplitudes of up to 11 mV. The ionophoretic application of @entity1 ( @entity4 ) produced hyperpolarization. The inhibitory junction potentials (i.j.ps) but not the ionophoretic-induced responses were blocked by @entity8 . The nerve-evoked and the @entity4 -induced hyperpolarizations were potentiated by @entity5 (5 X 10(-7) M) and totally blocked by @entity7 (10(-7) M). I.j.ps and hyperpolarization to ionophoresis of @entity4 were recorded from arteries in which the endothelium had been removed by mechanical rubbing. Mechanical relaxation to field stimulation and @entity4 was observed in preparations without endothelium. These data suggest that the cholinergic component of the neurogenic vasodilatation in the @entity0 lingual artery is accompanied by hyperpolarization. The non-cholinergic component does not appear to possess an electrophysiological correlate. In addition, it seems that the action of nerve-released @entity4 is mediated by muscarinic receptors which are situated directly on the vascular smooth muscle cells.

title: Electrophysiological analysis of neurogenic vasodilatation in the isolated lingual artery of the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The concentrations and contents of vasoactive intestinal peptide ( @entity7 ) and @entity5 ( @entity4 ) in the brain and of these peptides along with secretin and glucagon-like immunoreactivity (GLI) in the gut were compared in a group of 16 5-day fasted adult @entity0 with the corresponding peptides in a group of 16 nonfasted littermates. The mean weight of the fasted @entity0 at the beginning of the study was 263 +/- 10 g (+/- SEM) and was 177 +/- 7 g before killing, for a net loss of 33% of initial body weight; the 16 fed @entity0 increased their mean weight from 225 +/- 11 to 284 +/- 12 g, for a net gain of 12%. During the 5-day fast there was no change in the weight of the cortex, @entity3 , or brain stem. However, the weight of tissues from the gut decreased to about half the weight of the corresponding tissues in the fed animals. There was no significant change in brain @entity7 or @entity4 . @entity7 content in the gut was unchanged. However, because of the decrease in organ weight, its concentration almost doubled. @entity6 concentrations in the gut of fasted @entity0 did not change significantly, but organ contents fell to about half. The gut content of GLI also fell by half or more. The concentrations of @entity4 in @entity2 extracts of the duodenum and jejunum remained relatively constant, but those in acid extracts fell by 40% in the fasted animals. This represents an approximately 70% decrease in organ content of @entity4 . These findings are interpretable as demonstrating that during a prolonged fast neuronal @entity4 and @entity7 are well conserved, but endocrine @entity4 , secretin, and GLI are markedly decreased because of @entity1 .

title: Brain/gut peptides in fed and fasted XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The influx of @entity1 in @entity6 was studied by both kinetic and genetic techniques. Wild-type cells grown in a high @entity2 concentration (10 mM) exhibited a Km of 15 microM for @entity1 influx, with a Vmax of 0.25 nmol of @entity1 per min per 10(8) cells. The apparent Km decreased to 3 microM, and the Vmax increased 60% after growth in a low @entity2 concentration (10 microM). @entity0 was a simple competitive inhibitor (Ki = 30 microM) of @entity1 influx in cells grown in high @entity1 concentrations but blocked only a portion of the @entity1 influx in cells grown in low @entity1 concentrations. @entity0 influx exhibited kinetics similar to those of @entity1 influx (Km = 30 microM; Vmax = 0.5 nmol of @entity0 per min per 10(8) cells) but was not affected by growth conditions. @entity0 influx was competitively inhibited by both @entity1 and @entity5 . Mutations affecting @entity1 uptake were isolated by selection for spontaneous resistance to toxic levels of @entity0 . One class of mutants designated corA mapped at 84 min near metE with the following gene order: corA, metE, zie-3161::Tn10, pepQ. A second class designated corB mapped at 98 min near pyrB. @entity1 influx was decreased in a corA mutant strain (relative to that of the wild type) when grown in high @entity1 concentrations but was restored when grown in low @entity1 concentrations. @entity0 transport was completely abolished by the corA mutation under all growth conditions. Recombinant plasmids carrying the corA region from either @entity4 or @entity3 complemented the corA mutation in @entity3 , restoring uptake of both @entity0 and @entity1 and conferring sensitivity to @entity0 . The @entity3 corA gene was localized to a restriction fragment of approximately 1.5 kilobases.

title: Magnesium transport in XXXX : characterization of magnesium influx and cloning of a transport gene.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The experiments described investigate the potential influence of surrounding normal tracheal epithelial cells on the survival and growth of carcinogen-exposed epithelial cells in tracheal mucosa reconstructed from known cell mixtures. Cell mixtures containing preneoplastic or neoplastic @entity1 tracheal epithelial cells and a small fraction of normal tracheal or esophageal epithelial cells were inoculated into the lumen of previously frozen-thawed tracheas which were then transplanted s.c. into syngeneic hosts. Within 2-3 weeks an intact tracheal mucosa was regenerated from the inoculated cells. At various times after cell inoculation and transplantation, cells were harvested from the repopulated @entity2 and the number of diploid normal and/or aneuploid carcinogen-exposed tracheal epithelial cells determined by flow cytometry (DNA content) and the frequency of cells with altered in vitro growth capacity determined. The data suggest that normal tracheal epithelial cells have an enhanced 'survival' capacity relative to carcinogen-exposed cell lines in the regenerated tracheal mucosa. When greater than 10(4) normal cells were inoculated with a 2- to 100-fold excess of carcinogen-exposed cell lines the regenerated epithelium was comprised almost entirely of normal-diploid-epithelial cells. Independent of the ratio of normal to altered cells, when less than 10(4) normal epithelial cells were inoculated in the mixture some carcinogen-altered cells and some normal cells were present in the regenerated epithelium. When established repopulated tracheas containing mixtures of normal and neoplastic epithelial cells were left in the animal no @entity0 developed. In contrast tracheas containing neoplastic cells alone or partially scraped tracheas containing comparable numbers of neoplastic cells covering a contiguous area of the submucosa, @entity0 developed within 2-5 weeks of cell inoculation and transplantation. These data suggest that normal tracheal epithelial cells have the capacity to modulate expression of the neoplastic phenotype ( @entity0 development) in neoplastic populations. This effect appears to require close contact with the normal cells as inhibition is not observed when the neoplastic cells occupy a single contiguous area of the @entity2 .

title: Inhibition of carcinogen-altered XXXX tracheal epithelial cell proliferation by normal epithelial cells in vivo.

answer: @entity1


abstract: From 1962 to 1980, 124 @entity0 were hospitalized for treatment of @entity2 . Of these, a total of 115 underwent radiation therapy. Thirty-five @entity0 were classified as stages I and II, 12 as stage III, and 77 as stage IV. The five-year survival rate for @entity0 in stages I and II was 72% in the radiation therapy group and 33% in the nonradiation therapy group. In stages III and IV, there was no difference in survival rate between the radiation and nonradiation therapy groups. Histological examination of prostate tissues of @entity0 treated by radiation therapy revealed various degrees of change in the @entity1 cells, ranging from @entity3 . The degree of change was not related to the stage of the disease. Also, no histological differences in prostate specimens from @entity0 who received 4,000-5,000 rads versus 5,000-6,000 rads was observed. Rectal examination indicated that radiation therapy was effective in 93% of the @entity0 in stages I and II, 75% in the stage III, and 71% in the stage IV. The rates of reactivation were 28% for stages I and II, 12% for stage III, and 43% for stage IV.

title: Radiation therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is involved in renal tubulointerstitial @entity2 . Recently, the ubiquitin proteasome system was shown to participate in the @entity4 signalling pathway. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of proteasome inhibitors on @entity4 -induced @entity0 and tubular epithelial cells in vitro and on @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in vivo. METHODS: @entity1 renal fibroblasts NRK-49F cells and tubular epithelial cells, NRK-52E, were treated with @entity4 in the presence or absence of a proteasome inhibitor, @entity5 or @entity6 . @entity1 were subjected to @entity3 and received @entity5 i.p. for 7 days. RESULTS: In cultured renal cells, both @entity5 and @entity6 inhibited @entity4 -induced a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) protein expression according to both western blotting and immunofluorescent study results. @entity5 also suppressed @entity4 -induced mRNA expression of a-SMA and upregulation of Smad-response element reporter activity. However, @entity5 did not inhibit @entity4 -induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of @entity7 . In contrast, @entity5 increased the protein level of Smad co-repressor SnoN, demonstrating that SnoN is one of the target molecules by which @entity5 blocks the @entity4 signalling pathway. Although the proteasome inhibitor suppressed @entity4 -induced transformation of cultured fibroblasts and tubular epithelial cells, @entity5 treatment did not ameliorate tubulointerstitial @entity2 in the @entity1 @entity3 model. CONCLUSION: Proteasome inhibitors attenuate @entity4 signalling by blocking Smad signal transduction in vitro, but do not inhibit @entity0 in vivo.

title: Effects of proteasome inhibitors on @entity1 renal XXXX in vitro and in vivo.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is involved in renal tubulointerstitial @entity2 . Recently, the ubiquitin proteasome system was shown to participate in the @entity4 signalling pathway. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of proteasome inhibitors on @entity4 -induced @entity0 and tubular epithelial cells in vitro and on @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in vivo. METHODS: @entity1 renal fibroblasts NRK-49F cells and tubular epithelial cells, NRK-52E, were treated with @entity4 in the presence or absence of a proteasome inhibitor, @entity5 or @entity6 . @entity1 were subjected to @entity3 and received @entity5 i.p. for 7 days. RESULTS: In cultured renal cells, both @entity5 and @entity6 inhibited @entity4 -induced a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) protein expression according to both western blotting and immunofluorescent study results. @entity5 also suppressed @entity4 -induced mRNA expression of a-SMA and upregulation of Smad-response element reporter activity. However, @entity5 did not inhibit @entity4 -induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of @entity7 . In contrast, @entity5 increased the protein level of Smad co-repressor SnoN, demonstrating that SnoN is one of the target molecules by which @entity5 blocks the @entity4 signalling pathway. Although the proteasome inhibitor suppressed @entity4 -induced transformation of cultured fibroblasts and tubular epithelial cells, @entity5 treatment did not ameliorate tubulointerstitial @entity2 in the @entity1 @entity3 model. CONCLUSION: Proteasome inhibitors attenuate @entity4 signalling by blocking Smad signal transduction in vitro, but do not inhibit @entity0 in vivo.

title: Effects of proteasome inhibitors on XXXX renal @entity2 in vitro and in vivo.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Advanced placental maturation (Grannum [G] grade 3) before term is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes associated with @entity5 . The nature and timing of the underlying pathology of this process is presently unclear. We hypothesized that advanced placental maturation at 30 to 34 weeks' gestation is not associated with established second trimester markers of severe @entity6 . METHODS: In a cohort study of 1238 low-risk Caucasian @entity0 with singleton pregnancies who had sonographic assessment of placental maturation and fetal growth at 34 weeks, the results of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and uterine artery Doppler (UtAD) flow studies at 16 weeks were related to adverse perinatal outcomes associated with @entity5 : antepartum @entity1 , @entity3 , @entity2 < 37 weeks, small for gestational age (< 10th percentile), or postnatal evidence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ; ponderal index < 5th percentile). RESULTS: G1 was found in 127 @entity0 (10.3%), G2 was found in 18 @entity0 (1.5%), and no cases of G3 were observed. Advanced Grannum grading was significantly associated with @entity4 (48 [4.4%] in G0, 9 [7.1%] in G1, 5 [27.8%] in G2; P < 0.001), but was dependent on smoking status. @entity4 was not predicted by abnormal @entity7 or abnormal UtAD findings at either the second or third trimester ultrasounds. CONCLUSION: G2 maturation at 30 to 34 weeks' gestation is associated with mild @entity4 at delivery in low-risk @entity0 and with smoking. @entity4 was not predicted by either second or third trimester markers of severe @entity6 . Future studies directly observing the placenta in the late third trimester may aid the elusive diagnosis of "late-onset" mild @entity4 .

title: Sonographic maturation of the placenta at 30 to 34 weeks is not associated with second trimester markers of XXXX in low-risk pregnancies.

answer: @entity5


abstract: This study was purposed to explore the feasibility of simultaneous analysis of telomere length and @entity6 by multicolor Flow-FISH to assess @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity2 . The telomere length in 34 @entity2 @entity0 versus 20 normal controls was compared by using Flow-FISH, and the relationship between telomere length and therapeutic effect and prognosis was analyzed preliminarily. As for those @entity0 with follow-up samples, the changes of telomere length combined with surface antigen in different courses of disease were observed by multicolor Flow-FISH. The results indicated that the telomere length of de novo @entity0 was significantly shorter than that of controls except the @entity0 in @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The shorter telomere, the lower complete remission (CR) rates were observed in @entity5 cases and the shorter duration of CP before onset of blast phase (BP) occurred in @entity3 cases. The @entity5 @entity0 showed longer telomere and fewer cells expressed the related antigen after CR. The telomere length of cases with continued CR remained at normal level during remission, and there was no increased expression of the specific antigen. However, the telomere of relapsed cases shortened again after relapse with elevated specific antigen expression. In the relapsed cases, the telomere of related antigen positive cells shortened ahead of telomere length change of the whole cells and morphologic change of bone marrow cells. It is concluded that analysis of telomere length by flow-FISH manifests the significance for monitoring disease conditions, estimating prognosis and guiding therapy in all kinds of @entity2 . The simultaneous analysis of telomere length and @entity6 by multicolor flow-FISH may monitor abnormal clone or clonal evolution to predict recurrence more sensitively and specifically, and may provide a promising and widely applicable method for monitoring @entity1 in @entity2 .

title: Simultaneous analysis of telomere length and @entity6 in XXXX by multicolor Flow-FISH.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study was purposed to explore the feasibility of simultaneous analysis of telomere length and @entity6 by multicolor Flow-FISH to assess @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity2 . The telomere length in 34 @entity2 @entity0 versus 20 normal controls was compared by using Flow-FISH, and the relationship between telomere length and therapeutic effect and prognosis was analyzed preliminarily. As for those @entity0 with follow-up samples, the changes of telomere length combined with surface antigen in different courses of disease were observed by multicolor Flow-FISH. The results indicated that the telomere length of de novo @entity0 was significantly shorter than that of controls except the @entity0 in @entity4 ( @entity4 ). The shorter telomere, the lower complete remission (CR) rates were observed in @entity5 cases and the shorter duration of CP before onset of blast phase (BP) occurred in @entity3 cases. The @entity5 @entity0 showed longer telomere and fewer cells expressed the related antigen after CR. The telomere length of cases with continued CR remained at normal level during remission, and there was no increased expression of the specific antigen. However, the telomere of relapsed cases shortened again after relapse with elevated specific antigen expression. In the relapsed cases, the telomere of related antigen positive cells shortened ahead of telomere length change of the whole cells and morphologic change of bone marrow cells. It is concluded that analysis of telomere length by flow-FISH manifests the significance for monitoring disease conditions, estimating prognosis and guiding therapy in all kinds of @entity2 . The simultaneous analysis of telomere length and @entity6 by multicolor flow-FISH may monitor abnormal clone or clonal evolution to predict recurrence more sensitively and specifically, and may provide a promising and widely applicable method for monitoring @entity1 in @entity2 .

title: Simultaneous analysis of telomere length and XXXX in @entity2 by multicolor Flow-FISH.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Analyze the clinical characteristics of the mild cases of @entity7 , as well as the relationship of clinical characteristics and @entity0 genders. METHODS: A total of 245 @entity6 (H1N1) @entity0 confirmed by viral nucleic acid detection were included in the study. The @entity0 ' personal information, signs and symptoms, lab and iconography data, disease course, negative seroconversion duration of new @entity6 (H1N1) viral nucleic acid after antiviral treatment and hospitalization stay were analyzed. Measurement data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by software SPSS 11.5. P < 0.05 was defined as statistically significant. RESULTS: (1) Among the 245 @entity0 , 130 were males and 115 were females, yielding a sex ratio of 1.13:1. Almost 52.0% (127/245) of the @entity0 came from Australia, and 64.5% (158/245) were between 18 and 40 years old. (2) Clinical manifestations included @entity3 (98.4%, 241/245), cough (80.8%, 198/245) and throat congestion (95.9%, 235/245), and lab findings were characterized by elevated C-reaction protein (CRP, 71.0%, 174/245) and neutrophil (52.2%, 128/245). (3) Female @entity0 had significantly lower serum Prealbumin (pre-A) levels than male @entity0 [(245.04    75.3) vs (273.34    92.18) mg/L, F = 5.55, P = 0.019]. (4) The patients' serum @entity9 levels significantly decreased after the treatment [(4.06    3.47) vs (14.54    14.68) mg/L, F = 6.18, P = 0.016], while the levels of CD3, @entity4 and @entity5 were significantly increased after treatment [(1451.23    443.97) vs (819.97    375.75) cell/  l, F = 32.61, P = 0.000; (771.33    251.92) vs (435.36    215.35) cell/  l, F = 44.43, P = 0.000; (593.16    237.19) vs (342.47    180.12) cell/  l, F = 28.518, P = 0.000, respectively]. (5) Approximately 30.6% (75/245) of the @entity0 had abnormal signs on chest CT iconography, and 22.0% (54/245) had obvious signs indicating @entity1 . The average disease course was (3.9    1.2) days, the average hospitalization stay was (5.0    1.4) days, and the negative seroconversion duration of the mRNA after antiviral treatment was (3.8    1.4) days. CONCLUSION: The @entity7 was characterized by @entity3 , cough and throat congestion, with elevated CRP and neutrophil being the most significant lab findings. The @entity8 was able to affect multiple organs, including being able to affect hepatic synthesis of pre-A as well as immune functioning. The @entity6 was mild clinically, with @entity2 and good prognosis.

title: [Clinical features and prognosis of the mild cases of XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: In this study the effect of seven different non-automated nuclear evacuation techniques and the role of @entity3 (Healon) were evaluated. Thirty-five @entity2 (seven groups) and 140 @entity0 @entity0 (seven groups) were included in the study. Each experimental animal and @entity0 group was operated using one of the seven non-automated techniques. In each animal, one eye was operated with @entity3 and the other with Balanced Saline Solution (BSS). In each @entity0 group of 20 @entity0 during @entity1 extraction and IOL implantation, @entity3 was used in half of the @entity0 and BSS was used in the remaining ten. Eyes treated with @entity3 lost approximately 50% fewer endothelial cells and had approximately 50% less increase in corneal thickness than their counterparts treated with BSS. Based on the results of the endothelial cell loss and the corneal thickness, it is concluded that the most traumatic used technique was no. 2, followed by that of no. 5. The technique no. 7 may be considered as the most atraumatic of the tested procedures. @entity3 effectively protected the endothelium, and its routine use in @entity1 surgery is recommended.

title: Endothelial cell loss in different non-automated extracapsular nuclear evacuation techniques and the role of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Hematopoietic regulatory factors produced by adherent (stromal) cells in long-term @entity0 bone marrow cultures have been investigated. Using an in situ double layer agar overlay system, we demonstrated that exposure of the stromal cells to 1,100-rad irradiation increased their activities in stimulating colony formation of FDC-P1, an @entity2 ( @entity2 )-responsive cell line. The colony-stimulating activities (CSAs) of the irradiated stroma also stimulated normal marrow cells to form granulocyte-macrophage, megakaryocyte, and mixed lineage colonies. Addition of the lectin pokeweed mitogen to the irradiated stroma increased the level of CSAs. The FDC-P1 CSA of the irradiated stroma was inhibited by antibodies directed against @entity0 @entity1 ( @entity1 ) but not by those against @entity0 @entity2 . Stromal-derived CSA for marrow cells was also partially blocked by anti- @entity1 antibodies, probably reflecting the presence of other CSAs such as @entity3 . This latter growth factor has been found to be present in conditioned media from Dexter stroma, but levels are not increased after irradiation or lectin exposure. Partially purified @entity1 , like @entity2 , stimulated FDC-P1 proliferation and granulocyte, macrophage, and megakaryocyte colony formation. These results indicate that the major terminal differentiating hormone elicited by irradiation or lectin exposure of @entity0 marrow stromal cells is @entity1 . This growth factor, along with @entity3 , can account for the differentiated progeny produced in this system: macrophages, granulocytes, and megakaryocytes.

title: Stromal growth factor production in irradiated lectin exposed long-term XXXX bone marrow cultures.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In a study to investigate whether the quantitative assessment of temperature and vibration thresholds can improve the evaluation of the @entity1 in @entity6 37 @entity0 with @entity1 (paraesthesias, @entity5 , @entity3 ) in the hands who had worked with hand held vibrating tools and 46 healthy controls not exposed to vibration were examined. Temperature thresholds were measured on the thenar eminence and on the volar side of the second and third fingers held together. Vibration thresholds were determined on the dorsum of the hand and on the dorsal side of the second and fifth fingers proximal to the nail. The neutral zone between thresholds for warmth and cold was much wider in the @entity0 than in the controls. @entity0 older than 45 had higher vibration thresholds than controls. Electroneurography was abnormal in 18 of 34 @entity0 and a @entity4 was diagnosed in six subjects. This investigation is thus indicated in @entity0 with @entity1 . Seven of the @entity0 with normal electroneurographic findings had impaired temperature or vibration thresholds or both. Determination of sensory thresholds seems to add valuable information and the methods are, by contrast with electroneurography, easily adapted to the screening of exposed groups outside hospital. Our results indicate that thin @entity2 might be damaged in the @entity6 .

title: Temperature and vibration thresholds in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Functional rating scales have been developed for evaluation of upper extremity (UE) and lower extremity (LE) function in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The Vignos scale is accepted for LE function and the Brooke scale for UE evaluation. The assumption that UE functional loss parallels LE loss has never been tested. Furthermore, there are no studies examining the relationship between UE/LE strength. This study tests the hypothesis that UE/LE strength and functional losses are parallel in @entity2 and other @entity5 . Vignos grades, Brooke grades, and manual muscle test scores were determined for 27 @entity0 with @entity2 , 10 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), 24 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and 29 @entity0 with other ( @entity2 and @entity6 ) proximal @entity1 (PM). Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated for UE vs LE functional grade and strength scores and subjected to significance analysis. While all correlations were statistically significantly different from zero (p less than 0.01), all were also significantly different from one (p less than 0.01), none representing perfect equivalence. Coefficients of determination indicated that a maximum of 86% ( @entity4 ) of variation in UE rank could be explained purely by observing LE rank. While there is a significant relationship between UE/LE strength and functional grade, these measurements were not found to be entirely equivalent. Therefore, while measures of lower body function or strength might be used as a substitute for UE measurements in drug trials in which global effects are expected, the two measurements are not equivalent when evaluating an individual's clinical status.

title: Upper vs lower extremity functional XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: In @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) due to @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity14 and several of the newer @entity6 antagonists including @entity13 , @entity16 , @entity17 and PN 200-110 ( @entity15 ) improve left ventricular function. Because of its relatively more pronounced negative inotropic and chronotropic actions, @entity12 is generally not tolerated by @entity0 with @entity10 . In addition, even relatively vascular-selective agents such as @entity7 can occasionally cause significant @entity4 , particularly if combined with beta-adrenergic blocking agents. Comparative studies using @entity11 to cause an equivalent decrease in arterial pressure indicate that @entity7 acts predominantly on the arterial vasculature, and that a small but significant decrease in contractility occurs, apparently due to a direct myocardial action. Although @entity14 causes a @entity4 in @entity3 in @entity2 with volume overload @entity8 , limited data show no significant negative inotropic action in @entity0 with @entity8 . The negative inotropic effects, if any, of newer and possibly more vascular-selective agents are not yet known. @entity6 antagonists appear to act predominantly on the limb and coronary vasculature, with relatively less effect on renal and hepatic vessels. In @entity0 with @entity8 , @entity7 causes an increase in coronary blood flow and a decrease in the aorto-coronary sinus @entity1 difference indicating an improvement in myocardial energetics. Although @entity7 causes an increase in cardiac index and decreases in systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during exercise, the limited data available fail to show a short- or long-term increase in exercise capacity. @entity7 causes an increase in plasma @entity9 activity, possibly due to a direct action on the kidney.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Usefulness of @entity6 antagonists for XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: In @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) due to @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity14 and several of the newer @entity6 antagonists including @entity13 , @entity16 , @entity17 and PN 200-110 ( @entity15 ) improve left ventricular function. Because of its relatively more pronounced negative inotropic and chronotropic actions, @entity12 is generally not tolerated by @entity0 with @entity10 . In addition, even relatively vascular-selective agents such as @entity7 can occasionally cause significant @entity4 , particularly if combined with beta-adrenergic blocking agents. Comparative studies using @entity11 to cause an equivalent decrease in arterial pressure indicate that @entity7 acts predominantly on the arterial vasculature, and that a small but significant decrease in contractility occurs, apparently due to a direct myocardial action. Although @entity14 causes a @entity4 in @entity3 in @entity2 with volume overload @entity8 , limited data show no significant negative inotropic action in @entity0 with @entity8 . The negative inotropic effects, if any, of newer and possibly more vascular-selective agents are not yet known. @entity6 antagonists appear to act predominantly on the limb and coronary vasculature, with relatively less effect on renal and hepatic vessels. In @entity0 with @entity8 , @entity7 causes an increase in coronary blood flow and a decrease in the aorto-coronary sinus @entity1 difference indicating an improvement in myocardial energetics. Although @entity7 causes an increase in cardiac index and decreases in systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during exercise, the limited data available fail to show a short- or long-term increase in exercise capacity. @entity7 causes an increase in plasma @entity9 activity, possibly due to a direct action on the kidney.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Usefulness of XXXX antagonists for @entity8 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Intestinal colonization of avian species by Eimeria parasites results in the @entity0 , @entity3 . A study was carried out to assess the immunologic effects of Eimeria praecox infection on the gut of infected @entity2 . In Experiment 1, birds were orally gavaged with 50,000 E. praecox oocysts; in Experiment 2, an infection dosage of 500,000 E. praecox oocysts was used. Duodenal and jejunal intestinal sections were sampled consecutively on days 1-7 post-infection. Intestinal expression of innate immune gene transcripts was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Analysis of relative gene expression in Experiment 1 revealed an increase (P<0.05) in duodenal Toll-like receptor ( @entity4 expression on days 4 and 6 post-infection. @entity6 expression was significantly decreased in the duodenum of infected birds on day 2, and significantly increased on day 6 post-infection. In Experiment 2, @entity4 was significantly downregulated in the duodenum on day 7 post-infection; however, no significant results were observed in terms of @entity6 expression. @entity5 also exhibited decreased expression (P<0.05) on day 7 post-infection in both intestinal sections. Regarding antimicrobial peptide expression; in the first experiment, expression of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in infected birds was significantly decreased in the duodenum on days 3 and 4, and in the jejunum on day 4. Similarly, Experiment 2 resulted in @entity1 of @entity7 (P<0.05) on days 3-5 in the duodenum. In Experiment 1, cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide ( @entity8 ) was downregulated (P<0.05) in the jejunum of infected @entity2 on day 3 post-infection; however, @entity8 results were non-significant in Experiment 2. Based on the differing results observed in each experiment, it was concluded that both TLR and antimicrobial peptide expression, and thus immunity may be dependent on infection load.

title: Expression of Toll-like receptors and antimicrobial peptides during Eimeria praecox infection in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The availability of specific chemical assays and the development of appropriate biological models have made it feasible to study the relationship between the pharmacokinetics and the pharmacodynamics of @entity3 , a relationship that is presumed to be sigmoidal for most effects. In healthy volunteers the haemodynamic effects of a single dose of @entity3 are markedly influenced by the pharmaceutical preparation and the rate of drug input. When the plasma concentration of @entity3 increases rapidly, such as after an intravenous bolus injection or rapidly disintegrating capsules, there is a marked increase in heart rate and little or even no effect on blood pressure. On the other hand, when the drug is given as a slow intravenous infusion or as a sustained release tablet and when the capsules are taken together with food, the decrease in blood pressure is accompanied by few or no changes in heart rate. Furthermore, it has been shown that not only haemodynamic effects of @entity3 , but also oesophageal motor function may be used as a quantifiable pharmacological effect. For @entity0 with @entity4 , a plasma concentration range that is associated with optimal treatment has not been defined, since large inter-individual variations in the @entity3 plasma concentration were observed in effectively treated @entity0 . For @entity0 with @entity2 , significant sigmoidally shaped correlations between blood pressure reduction and @entity3 plasma concentrations following single or multiple doses have been demonstrated. The concentration-effect parameters were very similar to those found for normotensive subjects. After 6 weeks of treatment the potency of the drug had decreased, which might indicate the development of some tolerance. In @entity0 with severe @entity1 , the maximal effect of @entity3 on diastolic blood pressure was more than doubled, which cannot be explained by differences in pharmacokinetics; therefore these @entity0 appear to be more sensitive at the pharmacodynamic level. In @entity0 with @entity5 , the pharmacokinetics of @entity3 were quite different due to reduced protein binding and reduced enzyme activity; in @entity0 with a portacaval shunt, considerable increased bypassing of the liver during the first pass after oral administration was observed. When corrected for free drug concentrations, the concentration-effect relationship for these @entity0 is essentially the same as that found for healthy subjects.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX . Relationship between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In clinical Arrhythmology it is often necessary to associate digitalis and antiarrhythmic agents. This calls for study of possible interaction between the employed drugs. We found a statistically significant correlation between digitalis and @entity3 plasma level in @entity0 on long term treatment with both drugs. A statistically significant linear correlation between plasma @entity3 level and @entity5 (0.25 mg/day) or beta-methyldigoxin (0.20 mg/day) was documented in 33 @entity0 . 23 @entity0 had been treated with these drugs for paraxysmal reciprocating supraventricular @entity2 since an average of 52 months (computerized follow-up). ( @entity3 average weekly dose was 1078 +/- 168 mg after a loading dose of 12 gm given over one month). 10 @entity0 were on chronic treatment with higher weekly doses of @entity3 (average dose 2380 +/- 731 mg per week). Thyroid function tests (T4; @entity4 ; T3UP; TSH; @entity4 ) were checked in every @entity0 . Further studies are warranted to understand the mechanism of the interaction between @entity3 and digitalis. As a clinical implication we point out that @entity3 - @entity5 (or betamethyldigoxin) interaction in our @entity0 has neither resulted in over-therapeutic plasma level nor in signs of @entity1 .

title: [Another type of interaction between blood levels of digitalis and anti-arrhythmic drugs: @entity5 and XXXX . Experience with long-term therapy].

answer: @entity3


abstract: In clinical Arrhythmology it is often necessary to associate digitalis and antiarrhythmic agents. This calls for study of possible interaction between the employed drugs. We found a statistically significant correlation between digitalis and @entity3 plasma level in @entity0 on long term treatment with both drugs. A statistically significant linear correlation between plasma @entity3 level and @entity5 (0.25 mg/day) or beta-methyldigoxin (0.20 mg/day) was documented in 33 @entity0 . 23 @entity0 had been treated with these drugs for paraxysmal reciprocating supraventricular @entity2 since an average of 52 months (computerized follow-up). ( @entity3 average weekly dose was 1078 +/- 168 mg after a loading dose of 12 gm given over one month). 10 @entity0 were on chronic treatment with higher weekly doses of @entity3 (average dose 2380 +/- 731 mg per week). Thyroid function tests (T4; @entity4 ; T3UP; TSH; @entity4 ) were checked in every @entity0 . Further studies are warranted to understand the mechanism of the interaction between @entity3 and digitalis. As a clinical implication we point out that @entity3 - @entity5 (or betamethyldigoxin) interaction in our @entity0 has neither resulted in over-therapeutic plasma level nor in signs of @entity1 .

title: [Another type of interaction between blood levels of digitalis and anti-arrhythmic drugs: XXXX and @entity3 . Experience with long-term therapy].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Thymic and splenic extracts rich in FOA-KURLOFF (F.K.) body cells, obtained from @entity2 treated with @entity5 , were added to @entity0 testis or ovaries in culture. Controls were prepared with extracts from thymus and spleen of non treated animals and from kidneys of treated or non treated animals. After five hours the level of sexual hormones and the germinal cells were studied. The F.K. substance has no effect on germinal cells and on @entity3 and @entity1 secretion. The F.K. substance induces a significative decrease of @entity5 secretion. In an other paper we established that F.K. bodies induced a @entity4 of internal theca folliculi and of ovarian interstitial cells. It is a false image of activity in connection with a hypersecretion of FSH. The F.K. substance inhibits @entity5 synthesis.

title: [Kurloff's thymic inclusion : action on XXXX gonads in culture].

answer: @entity0


abstract: The Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM), a self-report assessment of past-month aberrant medication-related behaviors, has been validated in specialty @entity2 management @entity0 . The performance characteristics of the COMM were evaluated in primary care (PC) @entity0 with @entity4 . It was hypothesized that the COMM could identify @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ). English-speaking adults awaiting PC visits at an urban, safety-net hospital, who had @entity4 and had received any opioid analgesic prescription in the past year, were administered the COMM. The Composite International Diagnostic Interview served as the "gold standard," using DSM-IV criteria for @entity3 and other @entity3 ( @entity3 ). A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve demonstrated the COMM's diagnostic test characteristics. Of the 238 @entity0 , 27 (11%) met DSM-IV @entity3 criteria, whereas 17 (7%) had other @entity3 , and 194 (82%) had no disorder. The mean COMM score was higher in those with @entity3 than among all others (ie, those with other @entity1 , mean 20.4 [SD 10.8] vs 8.4 [SD 7.5], P<.0001). A COMM score of   13 had a sensitivity of 77% and a specificity of 77% for identifying @entity0 with @entity3 . The area under the ROC curve was 0.84. For @entity4 @entity0 prescribed opioids, the development of @entity3 is an undesirable complication. Among PC @entity0 with @entity4 -prescribed prescription opioids, the COMM is a promising tool for identifying those with @entity3 . Among primary care @entity0 with @entity4 -prescribed opioids, the validated Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM) is a promising tool for identifying @entity0 with prescription @entity5 .

title: Identifying prescription XXXX in primary care: diagnostic characteristics of the Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM).

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of homeobox gene @entity3 in cardiac myogenesis. METHODS: Two P19 cell lines, namely cells transfected with exogenous expression of @entity3 gene and non-transfected cells, were cultured in suspension for 4 days to induce cell aggregation, and the cell aggregates were transferred to the Petri dish for further adherent culture. On days 4, 8, 12 and 16 of adherent culture, the expressions of a-sarcomeric actin (a-SA) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) protein were detected by immunocytochemistry, and the mRNA expressions of @entity0 , a-myosin heavy chain (a-MHC) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) genes by RT-PCR. RESULTS: In the transfected cells, a-SA and @entity2 protein expressions were detected on days 8, 12 and 16 of adhere culture, and their expressions increased gradually with time. a-SA and @entity2 expression was significantly higher on day 16 than on day 8 of culture (P<0.01). RT-PCR analysis of the transfected cell showed the presence of @entity0 expression on day 4 of adherent culture, and the expression increased on days 8 and 12 but decreased on day 16. @entity1 and a-MHC expressions were found on days 8, 12, and 16, increasing gradually over time and showing significant differences from those on day 4 (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The expression of a-MHC was significantly higher on days 12 and 16 than on day 8 (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and @entity1 expression was significantly higher on day 16 than on days 8 and 12 (P<0.01). The non-transfected cells were negative for the expressions of all these genes. CONCLUSION: Exogenous expression of @entity3 gene can induce P19 cells to express cardiac markers in vitro.

title: [Exogenous XXXX gene expression induces the expression of cardiac markers during P19 cell differentiation in vitro].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Several criteria must be met in developing a test battery forr @entity1 . First, the test items should be designed to answer the specific questions being asked. If questions involve the amount and rate of deterioration, then the test items should generate interval data and show evidence that they reflect change in the disease itself. Second, the reliability of the test items should be carefully determined. Are the variances due to testing errors such as inconsistent positioning or changes in verbal instructions; or do they reflect @entity0 performance variation? Third, the test items must be sensitive to small changes, and one must be able to test the very strong as well as the severely debilitated @entity0 . The TQNE was designed to measure degree of disease progression in @entity1 . The major portion of the protocol consists of isometric force measurement using an electronic strain gauge. Other quantitative segments include tests of pulmonary function, speech rates, and timed activities. Using z-score transformations, we have summarized these test items into five megascores: pulmonary function, bulbar function, timed hand activities, arm strength, and leg strength. Megascores have been used to characterize the natural history of the disease and to judge therapeutic efficacy. Quantitative methods to measure deficit in @entity2 lag far behind other technologic advances in medical research. Future advances in the measurement of neuromuscular deficit depend on the commitment of researchers to invest the time and resources necessary to develop more sensitive and reliable testing techniques.

title: Quantitative assessment of neuromuscular deficit in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Eggs of @entity2 were prepared for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) by the @entity0 freeze-cracking method. The egg-shell and oocyte were examined by @entity1 . The egg has a chitinous shell which consists of more than 10 layers of dense lamellae. The shell is bordered by a limiting membrane. An operculum and a collar made of chitinous shell together form the opercular area. The operculum is an empty cavity. The chitinous fibers of the egg-shell in this area are diffuse and loose, with numerous micropores or spaces. The egg-shell in this area therefore appears to form a fine tubular network. The oocyte is an undifferentiated cell with a biconcave drum-like shape. The perivitelline space is conspicuous at both ends of the cell.

title: The operculum-plug area and membranous structure of the eggs of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The present communication is the first report on the clinical use of the @entity1 dipstick to continuously monitor alcoholics' drinking during treatment. Daily urine samples from 34 alcoholics were tested for @entity1 by the clinical staff using the @entity1 dipstick. The @entity0 also provided self-reports of drinking daily. @entity0 ' compliance for submitting urine samples and for completing daily monitoring sheets (DMS) was 93 and 95%, respectively. Over 75% of the @entity0 drank on at least one occasion; about half of these @entity0 denied drinking detected by the urine tests. Drinking was confirmed by both methods in 39% of the @entity0 who drank, and by the urine testing alone in 54%. The @entity0 in treatment for less than 2 months were abstinent on 85% of the days compared to 98% for those in treatment for 6 months or longer. Seventy-two percent of all @entity1 -positive urine samples were submitted by @entity0 on days when they denied drinking. Monitoring of @entity0 ' drinking was useful in their clinical management. The @entity1 dipstick was a simple, inexpensive, and rapid @entity1 measuring procedure that could be used by the clinical staff in the treatment setting.

title: Monitoring drinking behavior with the XXXX dipstick during treatment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A randomized, multicentric, double blind study attempted to compare in 41 @entity0 hospitalized for @entity7 , the efficacy of @entity8 (D) 240 mg/day, @entity6 (P) 160 mg/day and @entity9 (M) 8 mg/day. The @entity0 included in the study presented one or several spontaneous @entity5 episodes accompanied by a transient and significant lowering of ST and/or an inverted T wave without @entity1 . The evaluation criteria were the occurrence of new @entity3 and electrical alterations on a continuous Holter for 5 days. 11 @entity0 received @entity8 , 13 @entity0 received @entity6 and 15 @entity0 received @entity9 (including an @entity4 ). Clinically, the number of @entity3 episodes per day and per @entity0 goes, in an average, from 1.2 to 0.23 @entity8 , from 2.2 to 0.44 for @entity6 and from 2.2 to 0.45 for @entity9 . @entity3 disappeared on the 5th day in 54.5 per cent of @entity0 under @entity8 , 58.8 per cent of @entity0 under @entity6 and 53.5 per cent of @entity0 under @entity9 . Electrically, the number of @entity2 accidents per day and per @entity0 was 0.45 under @entity8 , 2.12 under @entity6 (0.53 in excluding one @entity0 with @entity5 ) and 0.81 under @entity9 . The number of @entity0 without any @entity2 accident was 63.6 per cent under @entity8 , 53.8 per cent under @entity6 and 40 per cent under @entity9 . In conclusion, @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity9 have a comparable efficacy in @entity7 . The association of these medications could have a synergistic effect.

title: [Treatment of @entity7 . A randomized double-blind study of XXXX , @entity8 and @entity9 ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: A randomized, multicentric, double blind study attempted to compare in 41 @entity0 hospitalized for @entity7 , the efficacy of @entity8 (D) 240 mg/day, @entity6 (P) 160 mg/day and @entity9 (M) 8 mg/day. The @entity0 included in the study presented one or several spontaneous @entity5 episodes accompanied by a transient and significant lowering of ST and/or an inverted T wave without @entity1 . The evaluation criteria were the occurrence of new @entity3 and electrical alterations on a continuous Holter for 5 days. 11 @entity0 received @entity8 , 13 @entity0 received @entity6 and 15 @entity0 received @entity9 (including an @entity4 ). Clinically, the number of @entity3 episodes per day and per @entity0 goes, in an average, from 1.2 to 0.23 @entity8 , from 2.2 to 0.44 for @entity6 and from 2.2 to 0.45 for @entity9 . @entity3 disappeared on the 5th day in 54.5 per cent of @entity0 under @entity8 , 58.8 per cent of @entity0 under @entity6 and 53.5 per cent of @entity0 under @entity9 . Electrically, the number of @entity2 accidents per day and per @entity0 was 0.45 under @entity8 , 2.12 under @entity6 (0.53 in excluding one @entity0 with @entity5 ) and 0.81 under @entity9 . The number of @entity0 without any @entity2 accident was 63.6 per cent under @entity8 , 53.8 per cent under @entity6 and 40 per cent under @entity9 . In conclusion, @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity9 have a comparable efficacy in @entity7 . The association of these medications could have a synergistic effect.

title: [Treatment of @entity7 . A randomized double-blind study of @entity6 , XXXX and @entity9 ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: A randomized, multicentric, double blind study attempted to compare in 41 @entity0 hospitalized for @entity7 , the efficacy of @entity8 (D) 240 mg/day, @entity6 (P) 160 mg/day and @entity9 (M) 8 mg/day. The @entity0 included in the study presented one or several spontaneous @entity5 episodes accompanied by a transient and significant lowering of ST and/or an inverted T wave without @entity1 . The evaluation criteria were the occurrence of new @entity3 and electrical alterations on a continuous Holter for 5 days. 11 @entity0 received @entity8 , 13 @entity0 received @entity6 and 15 @entity0 received @entity9 (including an @entity4 ). Clinically, the number of @entity3 episodes per day and per @entity0 goes, in an average, from 1.2 to 0.23 @entity8 , from 2.2 to 0.44 for @entity6 and from 2.2 to 0.45 for @entity9 . @entity3 disappeared on the 5th day in 54.5 per cent of @entity0 under @entity8 , 58.8 per cent of @entity0 under @entity6 and 53.5 per cent of @entity0 under @entity9 . Electrically, the number of @entity2 accidents per day and per @entity0 was 0.45 under @entity8 , 2.12 under @entity6 (0.53 in excluding one @entity0 with @entity5 ) and 0.81 under @entity9 . The number of @entity0 without any @entity2 accident was 63.6 per cent under @entity8 , 53.8 per cent under @entity6 and 40 per cent under @entity9 . In conclusion, @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity9 have a comparable efficacy in @entity7 . The association of these medications could have a synergistic effect.

title: [Treatment of @entity7 . A randomized double-blind study of @entity6 , @entity8 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity9


abstract: A randomized, multicentric, double blind study attempted to compare in 41 @entity0 hospitalized for @entity7 , the efficacy of @entity8 (D) 240 mg/day, @entity6 (P) 160 mg/day and @entity9 (M) 8 mg/day. The @entity0 included in the study presented one or several spontaneous @entity5 episodes accompanied by a transient and significant lowering of ST and/or an inverted T wave without @entity1 . The evaluation criteria were the occurrence of new @entity3 and electrical alterations on a continuous Holter for 5 days. 11 @entity0 received @entity8 , 13 @entity0 received @entity6 and 15 @entity0 received @entity9 (including an @entity4 ). Clinically, the number of @entity3 episodes per day and per @entity0 goes, in an average, from 1.2 to 0.23 @entity8 , from 2.2 to 0.44 for @entity6 and from 2.2 to 0.45 for @entity9 . @entity3 disappeared on the 5th day in 54.5 per cent of @entity0 under @entity8 , 58.8 per cent of @entity0 under @entity6 and 53.5 per cent of @entity0 under @entity9 . Electrically, the number of @entity2 accidents per day and per @entity0 was 0.45 under @entity8 , 2.12 under @entity6 (0.53 in excluding one @entity0 with @entity5 ) and 0.81 under @entity9 . The number of @entity0 without any @entity2 accident was 63.6 per cent under @entity8 , 53.8 per cent under @entity6 and 40 per cent under @entity9 . In conclusion, @entity8 , @entity6 , and @entity9 have a comparable efficacy in @entity7 . The association of these medications could have a synergistic effect.

title: [Treatment of XXXX . A randomized double-blind study of @entity6 , @entity8 and @entity9 ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Data presented in the literature as to the relationship of @entity3 and recent prior injections include several aspects. the coincidence of @entity2 in the same site as a recent injection has been considered the most definitive evidence. The fact of an inordinately large number of cases of @entity2 of an arm where a recent previous antigen injection was recorded offered less specific corroboration. The larger number of cases among @entity0 who had had an injection in the month preceding onset than among @entity0 with injections in more distant months was noted. This observation was supported when similar information was obtained in a comparison of injection histories for @entity0 who had the disease with the histories of @entity0 who did not have it. The interval between injection and onset among @entity0 who had the disease within a month of injection suggested something other than chance relationship. There is limited information indicating increased severity of @entity2 in the injected limb. Evidence is divided on whether or not there is more @entity1 among @entity0 with recent injections. Similarly, the evidence is no more than suggestive with regard to increased severity of @entity1 . The mechanism or nature of such a phenomenon is unexplained. However, as Anderson and Skaar said, "considerable attention must be attached to the fact of uniformity of results in a series of independent observations even though each may be small."

title: XXXX and parenteral injections; a review of recent literature.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Th initial step in cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated cytolysis involves target cell adhesion and antigen recognition. To investigate these initial events in the CTL-target interaction, we used HLA-A2- and HLA-B7-specific @entity0 CTL clones and HLA-typed B lymphoblastoid target cells. By using two different adhesion assays, we demonstrated antigen nonspecific CTL-target cell adhesion. To more precisely define the contribution of the antigen-specific receptor to CTL-target cell adhesion, we used the HLA-A2, HLA-B7, and mock transfected RD target cells. Consistent with the results when using B lymphoblastoid target cells, the CTL clones demonstrated equivalent adhesions to the RD target cells whether or not they expressed HLA-A2 or HLA-B7. These results suggested that CTL-target cell adhesion occurred independent of the T cell receptor. By using the @entity1 -sensitive dye Indo-1 and flow cytometry, we assessed CTL-target cell adhesion and CTL activation. Simultaneous measurement of adhesion and intracellular free @entity1 demonstrated that CTL-target cell adhesion alone did not activate CTL clones. Both CTL-target cell adhesion and the presence of the appropriate HLA target molecule were necessary for the efficient activation of @entity0 CTL. MAb inhibition studies indicated that antigen nonspecific adhesion is largely regulated by the @entity2 , @entity3 ( @entity3 / @entity3 ), and @entity4 cell surface molecules. These antigen nonspecific cell-cell interaction molecules appear to play an important role in facilitating antigen recognition and subsequent target cell lysis.

title: CTL adhesion and antigen recognition are discrete steps in the XXXX CTL-target cell interaction.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Ninety-seven @entity0 with recurrent or metastatic @entity4 were randomized to receive recombinant interferon (IFN) alfa-2b (Intron A; Schering-Plough, Kenilworth, NJ) by either the subcutaneous (SC) or intravenous (IV) route. The SC dosage was 2 X 10(6) IU/m2 three times weekly, and the IV dose 30 X 10(6) IU/m2 for five consecutive days every 3 weeks. Dose escalation to a maximum of 10 X 10(6) IU/m2 SC and 50 X 10(6) IU/m2 IV was allowed for @entity0 with minimal or absent @entity2 . Five of 51 of the SC-treated @entity0 (10%) and three of 46 of the IV-treated @entity0 (7%) had a partial response (PR) or complete response (CR). @entity0 with prior nephrectomy, no prior treatment, and lack of bone @entity1 were most likely to respond, and a retrospective analysis of this subgroup revealed a 23% response rate. Achievement of response took from 3 weeks to 11 months, while response duration lasted from 3 to 31+ months. All responders had prior nephrectomy; six of eight had no prior chemotherapy or hormonal therapy; five had lung @entity1 , and none had bone @entity1 . Regardless of route, almost all @entity0 developed @entity3 ; however, grade 3 or greater @entity2 was much more common for IV-treated @entity0 . This trial demonstrates modest, but definite antitumor activity for recombinant interferon in advanced @entity4 . SC administration with lower dose and @entity2 is as effective as treatment administered IV.

title: Recombinant alfa interferon in XXXX : a randomized trial of two routes of administration.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Traditionally, the pulmonary system has not been considered the limiting factor in determining maximal @entity1 uptake (VO2max) in healthy individuals since arterial @entity1 -haemoglobin saturation is thought to remain high during intense exercise. However, there appears to be a major exception to this rule. Recent evidence suggests that @entity2 results during heavy exercise in well trained individuals with a high VO2max. Further, the degree of arterial desaturation is inversely related to VO2max. This exercise-induced hypoxaemia does not appear to be due to @entity4 although @entity3 who have limited hyperventilation seem to exhibit the lowest arterial @entity1 -haemoglobin saturation. A significant venoarterial shunt has been ruled out as a primary cause of the hypoxaemia based on both experimental and theoretical considerations. Therefore, it appears that the exercise-induced hypoxaemia seen in highly trained @entity3 during heavy exercise is primarily due to diffusion limitations and ventillation-perfusion inequality. It is postulated that incomplete diffusion in the healthy lung may be due to a rapid red blood cell transit time through the pulmonary capillary. In summary, recent findings suggest that the limits of the @entity0 pulmonary system may be reached or even exceeded during intense exercise in some individuals. In light of these findings the role of the pulmonary system as a limiting factor during maximal exercise in the highly trained endurance athlete warrants further investigation.

title: Exercise-induced hypoxaemia in highly trained XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: History of @entity1 started during the 14th century. At that time the St Vitus' Dance was described, but the nosology of @entity1 remained @entity2 during the next five centuries. The concept of tic was elaborated in France during the 18th century. It remained too large a concept however. Definitive semiologies appeared at the end of the 19th century, thus allowing tics to emerge from the "chaos of choreas". The etymology of the word "tic" still remains mysterious. In 1905, Meige thought that the word tic was used for the first time by reference to @entity4 . He referred to the tic of the bear in the @entity4 described by Rudler and Chomel at The Soci  t   de Neurologie de Paris in 1903. Veterinarians were thus probably the first to describe the word. If so, however, the @entity4 must leave anteriority to the @entity3 . The word Ticq was used in 1611 as mentioned by the French dictionary Robert. The word is said to be an onomatopea and is compared to the italian word ticchio which means caprice. Another dictionary (Littr  ) suggest the german word "ticken", which means "to touch slightly", the @entity5 ( @entity0 ) and the german ziki (young @entity3 ), a word which could have lead to ticchio as capra, @entity3 in italian, gave capricio.

title: [The concept of tic in the history of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Over the past 10 years, there have been substantial advances in the treatment of @entity3 . Intensive induction chemotherapy using 7-day courses of @entity2 and @entity5 or @entity4 produce remission in 60% to 85% of @entity0 . Median remission duration is 9 to 16 months. In some series, 20% to 40% of @entity0 are in continuous remission for 2 years or more; many of these @entity0 remain in remission for 5 years or longer and some may be cured. Bone marrow transplantation has evolved as a useful therapeutic modality capable of achieving long-term survival in some circumstances in which chemotherapy is relatively ineffective. Its precise role in the initial therapy of @entity3 remains to be defined, but it is likely to be beneficial in selected @entity0 . These data indicate substantial recent progress in the treatment of this disease, which was almost uniformly fatal 30 years ago. The fact that most @entity0 relapse within 1 to 2 years reflects a lack of progress in developing effective postremission therapy. Maintenance chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and CNS prophylaxis have little role in @entity3 . It is unclear whether consolidation or intensification extend remissions or increase the proportion of long-term survivors; controlled randomized trials should answer this question within the next few years. Future progress in the treatment of @entity3 awaits the development of more sensitive methods for detecting @entity1 , more effective use of current therapeutic modalities and the introduction of new effective drugs. Most data suggest that early intensive treatment is of key importance for achieving cures. However, we cannot presently distinguish between @entity0 cured by initial treatment and those who required further chemotherapy.

title: Therapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Using a logistic discriminant function we retrospectively evaluated the diagnostic value of laboratory features and abdominal sonography in 70 @entity0 with @entity6 . 18 @entity0 had an extrahepatic obstruction of the common bile duct (EHO), 22 @entity0 had @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and 30 @entity0 had an @entity2 ( @entity3 ). The sensitivity resp. specificity of the 5 laboratory values AP, GGT, @entity7 , GOT and @entity5 was 22% resp. 90% for diagnosing EHO, 82% resp. 79% for diagnosing @entity4 and 67% resp. 68% for diagnosing @entity3 . The diagnostic value determined by their Chi2-value was AP greater than @entity7 greater than @entity5 greater than GOT greater than GGT. An undoubtedly dilated common bile duct was seen in 56% of the @entity0 with EHO and in none of the other @entity0 . @entity1 were seen exclusively in 81% of the @entity0 with @entity4 . No distinct sonographic sign could be found for the @entity0 with @entity3 . The combination of AP, @entity7 and @entity5 with the result of abdominal sonography in a logistic discriminant function led to a correct a posteriori classification of all @entity0 . Using a mathematical classification model @entity6 @entity0 can be diagnosed on the basis of noninvasive methods alone and invasive procedures should be restricted to therapeutic interventions.

title: [Differential diagnosis of XXXX by combined noninvasive diagnostic means using a logistic discriminant analysis].

answer: @entity6


abstract: Two @entity2 were found in young @entity0 without detectable functional symptoms. These @entity1 were identical in gross, histological and electron microscopic features. Each of them formed a large abdominal mass. One of them was found because of this abdominal mass, while the other was found incidentally. Grossly, the @entity1 were well circumscribed by a firm, white, fibrous capsule, and their cut-surfaces showed mainly cystic degenerative changes with necrotic and hemorrhagic material, with only some solid portions. The solid portions were composed of uniform cells forming solid and papillary structures with numerous PAS-positive diastase-resistant granules. Immunohistochemical staining for alpha 1-antitrypsin showed a granular distribution. Electron microscopic examination showed that the @entity1 cells had numerous mitochondria, zymogen-like granules, and annulate lamellae. These findings strongly suggested acinar cell differentiation, although ductal and endocrine differentiation have also been observed by others. Therefore, this type of @entity1 can best be termed an @entity1 . There was no recurrence in either @entity0 after the operation. Long survival can be expected, but reports indicate that this @entity1 should be recognized as a lesion of @entity1 .

title: Solid and XXXX . A report of two cases with immunohistochemical and ultrastructural studies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Authors studied L.D.H .and Isoenzymes of L.D.H. activities in 254 C.S.F. corresponding to 112 @entity0 affected with different diseases. The purpose was to discover its diagnostic utility and possible etiological explanation. Results have been compared with reference values found in a previous study. Highest enzymatic activities of L.D.H. are observed, in decreasing order, in @entity1 , terminal process, endocranial @entity2 , and @entity2 . Referring to different types of @entity2 , highest enzymatic activity of L.D.H. was found in bacterial type, especially those caused by a germen different from " @entity3 ". An inversion of isoenzymatic pattern is observed with an increase of L.D.H.-4 and L.D.H.-5 in detriment of L.D.S.-1 and L.D.S.-2, in @entity1 , endocranial @entity2 and in all @entity4 in the initial phase, returning to normal in recuperation phase of disease. A possible enzymatic etiology in different pathological diseases is suggested. In conclusion, it is of interest to determine L.D.H. and its isoenzymes as control of disease but not as differential diagnosis.

title: [L.D.H. and isoenzymes in C.S.F. of XXXX with neurological diseases (author's transl)].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 is the most devastating @entity9 , increasing the risk of mortality. Recent data suggest a decrease in incidence of this @entity4 . Few data are available on potential changes in mortality. We studied the change of inpatient mortality from 2002 to 2008 in France. METHODS: Data were extracted from the French Hospital National Database. The absolute number of inpatient mortality for @entity3 was described as well as the case fatal rate and mortality rate adjusted on age and gender. Risk factors of inpatient mortality were assessed by multiple regressions. RESULTS: Inpatient mortality stay decreased from 3057 to 2350 in @entity0 aged 40 years and over and in both gender. Inpatient mortality stays were more important in @entity0 and increased with age, but the case fatal rate was higher in @entity0 than in @entity0 (5.4 vs. 2.8% in 2008). During the study period, the mortality rate ( @entity7 ,000,000) varied from 132 to 88 and from 82 to 64 in @entity0 and @entity0 , respectively. In the older @entity0 , case fatality and mortality rates decreased significantly during the study period. From 2008 data, age more or equal to 85 years, male gender, stay in intensive care and existence of some chronic or @entity8 , especially @entity1 , @entity2 , @entity5 , and @entity6 were significant determinants of inpatient mortality. CONCLUSION: Inpatient mortality after @entity3 decreased in France between 2002 and 2008, although age, male gender and comorbidities were identified as determinants of inpatient mortality.

title: Decrease of inpatient mortality for XXXX in France.

answer: @entity3