abstract: BACKGROUND: End-stage @entity1 secondary to total @entity5 or severe @entity7 of the hip (class B or C according to the system of Eftekhar or type 2 or 3 according to the system of Hartofilakidis et al.) in adults presents special problems with regard to reconstruction of the hip. The purpose of the present study was to assess the intermediate-term results associated with the use of a porous ingrowth acetabular component for the treatment of these difficult cases. METHODS: We performed a prospective study of a consecutive series of twenty-one @entity0 (twenty-four hips) who had had a primary total hip arthroplasty with use of a hemispherical acetabular component that was inserted without cement and fixed with screws. No @entity0 was lost to follow-up. Three @entity0 (four hips) died, of causes unrelated to the total hip arthroplasty, before a minimum duration of follow-up of five years. None of these @entity0 had had revision. Of the remaining eighteen @entity0 (twenty hips), fifteen were @entity0 and three were @entity0 . Ten hips had @entity5 , and ten had severe @entity4 . RESULTS: After an average duration of follow-up of eighty-three months (range, sixty-four to 102 months), the average Harris hip score was 90 points (range, 68 to 97 points). No @entity0 had revision, loosening, or migration of the acetabular component; pelvic @entity6 ; or a continuous radiolucent line at the mesh-bone interface of the acetabular component. The average rate of @entity3 wear was 0.08 millimeter per year (range, zero to 0.21 millimeter per year). CONCLUSIONS: The porous ingrowth acetabular component that was used in the present study functioned well at the time of the intermediate-term follow-up of this group of @entity0 who had marked @entity7 or total @entity2 . The use of this component decreased the need for structural acetabular grafts. This component appears to perform as well as larger components of this design that have been assessed after similar durations of follow-up.

title: Total hip arthroplasty with insertion of the acetabular component without cement in hips with total XXXX or marked @entity7 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Selected @entity0 with acute @entity3 (ascending) aortic dissection who are treated with delayed operation or nonoperative therapy may have better early and short-term outcomes than was previously expected. DESIGN AND SETTING: Retrospective cohort at a university hospital. SUBJECTS: Data on 75 @entity0 with acute or chronic @entity4 treated at one institution from January 1, 1985, to November 30, 1997, were analyzed. Of these 75 @entity0 , 34 (21 male and 13 female, with a mean age of 65.5 years) did not undergo initial operative treatment, and 15 (10 male and 5 female, with a mean age of 72.6 years) never underwent surgery. For the 19 @entity0 who underwent delayed surgery, the mean period between aortic dissection and intervention was 11.4+/-4.83 days. The follow-up period ranged from 0.27 to 149 months, with a mean of 20.2 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Vascular complications, hospital mortality, and early survival. RESULTS: Reasons for interval delay in surgical treatment included initial misdiagnosis or delay in diagnosis (13 [68%] of 19), need to address significant comorbidity (4 [21%] of 19), and initial refusal of operative intervention (2 [11%] of 19). For the 15 @entity0 treated entirely by medical therapy, reasons for electing nonoperative management included extensive comorbidity (5 [33%] of 15), refusal of surgical intervention (6 [40%] of 15), and misdiagnosis or long delay in diagnosis (4 [27%] of 15). Of the 34 @entity0 , 15 (44%) presented with moderate or severe @entity2 , 5 (14%) had evidence of @entity5 , 6 (21%) had evidence of concomitant coronary @entity1 on electrocardiogram, and 8 (24%) had extension of the dissection into the descending aorta. Four @entity0 (11.8%) died while in the hospital. Of the 34 @entity0 , 30 (88%) who underwent either delayed or no surgery received aggressive medical treatment (beta-adrenergic blocking agents and afterload-reducing agents) and were discharged from the hospital. All @entity0 who were operative candidates in the interval treatment group survived to reach definitive operation. There was no statistically significant difference in short-term survival between the group of @entity0 undergoing delayed surgery or medical treatment only and the group of 41 @entity0 undergoing early operation (P = .42). CONCLUSIONS: Immediate surgical therapy is still recommended for acceptable operative candidates with acute @entity4 who seek immediate treatment. However, this study permits the following 2 conclusions: (1) @entity0 with @entity4 who are referred or whose conditions are diagnosed several days after presentation have survived the early dangerous period and can safely undergo surgery semielectively (rather than emergently); and (2) selected @entity0 who are not considered operative candidates and who survive the initial @entity4 without complication may be treated with aggressive medical therapy and achieve acceptable early and short-term outcomes, which is better than previously expected.

title: Interval or permanent nonoperative management of acute XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECT: Surgical access to @entity2 at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ) requires extensive bone removal. Guidelines for the use of occipitocervical fusion (OCF) after resection of @entity2 have been based on anecdotal evidence. The authors performed a retrospective study of factors associated with the use of OCF in 46 @entity0 with @entity2 . The findings were used to develop recommendations for use of OCF in such @entity0 . METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the cases of 51 @entity0 with @entity2 treated by their group between March 1991 and February 2004. Forty-six @entity0 were available for follow up. Charts were reviewed to obtain data on demographic characteristics, presenting symptoms, and perioperative complications. Preoperative computerized tomography scans and magnetic resonance imaging studies were obtained in all @entity0 . Occipitocervical fusion was performed in @entity0 who had undergone a unilateral condyle resection in which 70% or more of the condyle was removed, a bilateral condyle resection with 50% removal, or C1-2 vertebral body destruction. Of the 46 @entity0 , 16 had foramen magnum @entity4 , 17 had @entity5 , one had a @entity3 , two had Schwann cell @entity2 , two had @entity2 , and eight had other types of @entity2 . Twenty-three (50%) of the 46 @entity0 underwent OCF, including 15 of the 17 @entity0 with @entity5 (88%). None of the @entity0 with @entity4 required fusion. Seventeen (71%) of the 24 @entity0 presenting with @entity6 preoperatively underwent OCF. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 presenting with @entity6 had a 71% chance of undergoing OCF. @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity1 were most likely to require OCF. One @entity0 with a 50% unilateral condylar resection returned with OC instability for which OCF was required. Based on their clinical experience and published biomechanical studies, the authors recommend that OCF be performed when 50% or more of one condyle is resected.

title: Occipitocervical fusion after resection of craniovertebral junction XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We evaluated the efficiency of high doses of @entity4 (6 g/m2) and @entity9 (2 g/m2) plus filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; @entity5 ) to mobilize autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells in @entity0 with @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity11 . We also evaluated the safety of this regimen and the engraftment kinetics after myeloablative chemotherapy. Seventy-nine @entity0 with high-risk or relapsed/primary @entity7 , @entity6 , or @entity11 were treated. The mobilizing regimen was as follows: @entity4 600 mg/m2 twice daily for 10 doses, @entity9 200 mg/m2 twice daily for 10 doses (continuous; n=57) or 2 g/m2 over 10 hours on day 5 of @entity9 (bolus; n=22), and @entity5 5 microg/kg/d beginning day 14. Fifty-nine percent of @entity0 achieved the primary end point (a @entity8 cell dose of 5 million per kilogram with a single leukapheresis). More bolus @entity9 @entity0 achieved the primary end point (86%) compared with continuous @entity9 @entity0 (47%; P<.0001). The @entity8 cell dose collected was greater in bolus @entity9 @entity0 (44 million per kilogram) than in continuous @entity9 @entity0 (10.9 million per kilogram; P<.0001). @entity0 took 3 weeks to recover >500/microL neutrophils and >20000/microL platelets after @entity4 and @entity9 . The overall response rate was 69% for @entity7 @entity0 and 71% for @entity6 / @entity11 @entity0 . The treatment-related mortality was 2.5%. Sixteen percent of surviving @entity0 experienced grade>or=3 nonhematologic @entity2 . @entity0 receiving bolus @entity9 had significantly less grade>or=2 @entity10 , less use of total parenteral nutrition, and less need for red blood cell and platelet transfusions. Sixty-four @entity0 (81%) underwent autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation, with prompt engraftment. Four @entity0 (5%) did not undergo autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation because of @entity2 from high-dose @entity4 and @entity9 . We conclude that high doses of @entity4 and @entity9 combined with @entity5 are an efficient and safe mobilizing regimen for the collection of hematopoietic progenitor cells during aggressive cytoreduction of @entity1 burden in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Cytoreduction of XXXX and mobilization of blood hematopoietic progenitor cells with high doses of @entity4 and @entity9 plus filgrastim.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We evaluated the efficiency of high doses of @entity4 (6 g/m2) and @entity9 (2 g/m2) plus filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; @entity5 ) to mobilize autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells in @entity0 with @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity11 . We also evaluated the safety of this regimen and the engraftment kinetics after myeloablative chemotherapy. Seventy-nine @entity0 with high-risk or relapsed/primary @entity7 , @entity6 , or @entity11 were treated. The mobilizing regimen was as follows: @entity4 600 mg/m2 twice daily for 10 doses, @entity9 200 mg/m2 twice daily for 10 doses (continuous; n=57) or 2 g/m2 over 10 hours on day 5 of @entity9 (bolus; n=22), and @entity5 5 microg/kg/d beginning day 14. Fifty-nine percent of @entity0 achieved the primary end point (a @entity8 cell dose of 5 million per kilogram with a single leukapheresis). More bolus @entity9 @entity0 achieved the primary end point (86%) compared with continuous @entity9 @entity0 (47%; P<.0001). The @entity8 cell dose collected was greater in bolus @entity9 @entity0 (44 million per kilogram) than in continuous @entity9 @entity0 (10.9 million per kilogram; P<.0001). @entity0 took 3 weeks to recover >500/microL neutrophils and >20000/microL platelets after @entity4 and @entity9 . The overall response rate was 69% for @entity7 @entity0 and 71% for @entity6 / @entity11 @entity0 . The treatment-related mortality was 2.5%. Sixteen percent of surviving @entity0 experienced grade>or=3 nonhematologic @entity2 . @entity0 receiving bolus @entity9 had significantly less grade>or=2 @entity10 , less use of total parenteral nutrition, and less need for red blood cell and platelet transfusions. Sixty-four @entity0 (81%) underwent autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation, with prompt engraftment. Four @entity0 (5%) did not undergo autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation because of @entity2 from high-dose @entity4 and @entity9 . We conclude that high doses of @entity4 and @entity9 combined with @entity5 are an efficient and safe mobilizing regimen for the collection of hematopoietic progenitor cells during aggressive cytoreduction of @entity1 burden in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Cytoreduction of @entity3 and mobilization of blood hematopoietic progenitor cells with high doses of @entity4 and XXXX plus filgrastim.

answer: @entity9


abstract: We evaluated the efficiency of high doses of @entity4 (6 g/m2) and @entity9 (2 g/m2) plus filgrastim (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; @entity5 ) to mobilize autologous hematopoietic progenitor cells in @entity0 with @entity7 , @entity6 , and @entity11 . We also evaluated the safety of this regimen and the engraftment kinetics after myeloablative chemotherapy. Seventy-nine @entity0 with high-risk or relapsed/primary @entity7 , @entity6 , or @entity11 were treated. The mobilizing regimen was as follows: @entity4 600 mg/m2 twice daily for 10 doses, @entity9 200 mg/m2 twice daily for 10 doses (continuous; n=57) or 2 g/m2 over 10 hours on day 5 of @entity9 (bolus; n=22), and @entity5 5 microg/kg/d beginning day 14. Fifty-nine percent of @entity0 achieved the primary end point (a @entity8 cell dose of 5 million per kilogram with a single leukapheresis). More bolus @entity9 @entity0 achieved the primary end point (86%) compared with continuous @entity9 @entity0 (47%; P<.0001). The @entity8 cell dose collected was greater in bolus @entity9 @entity0 (44 million per kilogram) than in continuous @entity9 @entity0 (10.9 million per kilogram; P<.0001). @entity0 took 3 weeks to recover >500/microL neutrophils and >20000/microL platelets after @entity4 and @entity9 . The overall response rate was 69% for @entity7 @entity0 and 71% for @entity6 / @entity11 @entity0 . The treatment-related mortality was 2.5%. Sixteen percent of surviving @entity0 experienced grade>or=3 nonhematologic @entity2 . @entity0 receiving bolus @entity9 had significantly less grade>or=2 @entity10 , less use of total parenteral nutrition, and less need for red blood cell and platelet transfusions. Sixty-four @entity0 (81%) underwent autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation, with prompt engraftment. Four @entity0 (5%) did not undergo autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation because of @entity2 from high-dose @entity4 and @entity9 . We conclude that high doses of @entity4 and @entity9 combined with @entity5 are an efficient and safe mobilizing regimen for the collection of hematopoietic progenitor cells during aggressive cytoreduction of @entity1 burden in @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Cytoreduction of @entity3 and mobilization of blood hematopoietic progenitor cells with high doses of XXXX and @entity9 plus filgrastim.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Parathormone ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 , both have been shown to stimulate adrenal steroidogenesis in animal models and in vitro experiments. This is attributed to structural similarity between 15-25 @entity4 region of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and 1-11 @entity4 region of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). However, there are no in vivo @entity0 data regarding the effect of PTHcalcium @entity9 on adrenocortical function. METHODS: Ten @entity0 with @entity1 underwent evaluation for @entity6 dynamics including 0800 h and 2000 h plasma @entity6 on day 1, @entity6 response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia (IIH) on day 2, and 1 mg overnight @entity5 suppression test (ONDST) on day 4. Serum @entity7 was also measured at 0800 h in fasting state on salt ad libitum for three days. These parameters were repeated 3 months after curative parathyroidectomy. RESULTS: Basal plasma @entity6 level at 0800 h and 2000 h were within upper normal range and loss of circadian rhythm in @entity6 secretion was observed in half and forty per cent of @entity0 had nonsuppressibility with ONDST. The defined peak @entity6 response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia (>550 nmol/l) was achieved in all and nearly one third of @entity0 had exaggerated response (>2000 nmol/l). After curative parathyroidectomy, the abnormalities in circadian rhythm and non-suppressibility with ONDST continued to prevail in 40 per cent of @entity0 . The peak @entity6 response to IIH showed a decrement but remained higher than normal. No correlation was observed between circulating @entity3 and @entity2 with @entity6 levels. Serum @entity7 was in upper normal range pre - and postoperatively, though it decreased postoperatively, but it could not attain a statistical significance (p = 0.5). INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSION: @entity8 in @entity1 do occur, however these are inconsistent and do not recover in majority of @entity0 even after 3 months of curative parathyroidectomy.

title: A pilot study on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical @entity9 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: Parathormone ( @entity3 ) and @entity2 , both have been shown to stimulate adrenal steroidogenesis in animal models and in vitro experiments. This is attributed to structural similarity between 15-25 @entity4 region of the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and 1-11 @entity4 region of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). However, there are no in vivo @entity0 data regarding the effect of PTHcalcium @entity9 on adrenocortical function. METHODS: Ten @entity0 with @entity1 underwent evaluation for @entity6 dynamics including 0800 h and 2000 h plasma @entity6 on day 1, @entity6 response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia (IIH) on day 2, and 1 mg overnight @entity5 suppression test (ONDST) on day 4. Serum @entity7 was also measured at 0800 h in fasting state on salt ad libitum for three days. These parameters were repeated 3 months after curative parathyroidectomy. RESULTS: Basal plasma @entity6 level at 0800 h and 2000 h were within upper normal range and loss of circadian rhythm in @entity6 secretion was observed in half and forty per cent of @entity0 had nonsuppressibility with ONDST. The defined peak @entity6 response to insulin induced hypoglycaemia (>550 nmol/l) was achieved in all and nearly one third of @entity0 had exaggerated response (>2000 nmol/l). After curative parathyroidectomy, the abnormalities in circadian rhythm and non-suppressibility with ONDST continued to prevail in 40 per cent of @entity0 . The peak @entity6 response to IIH showed a decrement but remained higher than normal. No correlation was observed between circulating @entity3 and @entity2 with @entity6 levels. Serum @entity7 was in upper normal range pre - and postoperatively, though it decreased postoperatively, but it could not attain a statistical significance (p = 0.5). INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSION: @entity8 in @entity1 do occur, however these are inconsistent and do not recover in majority of @entity0 even after 3 months of curative parathyroidectomy.

title: A pilot study on hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 are the predominant clinical feature of the commonest form of @entity2 . @entity2 is classified according to World Health Organization criteria. Determination of the levels of mast-cell mediators or their metabolites reflects the mast-cell burden. The extent of @entity3 can be assessed clinically using a scoring system (SCORing MAstocytosis; SCORMA Index) that we have developed. OBJECTIVE: Serum tryptase levels were compared with the SCORMA Index in a large group of paediatric and adult @entity0 to investigate whether there was any correlation between the two. METHODS: The SCORMA Index in 64 @entity0 (31 @entity0 and 33 adults) was compared with serum tryptase levels. The results of the first visit at which SCORMA and tryptase were evaluated were analysed. RESULTS: There was a positive correlation between the SCORMA Index and serum tryptase levels, indicating the value of the SCORMA Index in the assessment of @entity2 with @entity1 . CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that the SCORMA Index is a useful tool for evaluating the severity of @entity3 . The correlation between the SCORMA Index and serum tryptase levels underlines the benefit of the SCORMA Index as a clinical tool. Repeated SCORMA Index measurements can provide a rapid impression of changes in the clinical state of @entity2 . This is particularly relevant in @entity0 , because taking blood samples from this group is much more difficult. The well-established methods for evaluation of disease severity may be expanded by the rapid SCORMA Index method.

title: Serum tryptase and SCORMA (SCORing MAstocytosis) Index as disease severity parameters in childhood and adult XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 -associated fibroblasts (CAFs) can promote @entity4 and @entity3 progression. Only limited data on the response of CAFs to chemotherapy and their potential impact on therapy outcome are available. This study was undertaken to analyze the influence of chemotherapy on @entity5 -associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in vitro and in vivo. METHODS: The in vivo response of stromal cells to chemotherapy was investigated in 22 neoadjuvant treated @entity0 on tissue sections before and after chemotherapy. Response to chemotherapy was analyzed in vitro in primary cultures of isolated CAFs from 28 @entity1 lung and 9 @entity0 tissues. The response was correlated to @entity9 , @entity10 and @entity6 polymorphisms and @entity6 mutation status. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects were evaluated in an ex vivo experiment using cultured tissue slices from 16 lung and 17 @entity0 specimens. RESULTS: Nine of 22 @entity3 showed a therapy-dependent reduction of stromal activity. Pathological response of @entity3 or stroma cells did not correlate with clinical response. Isolated CAFs showed little sensitivity to @entity8 . In contrast, sensitivity of CAFs to @entity7 was highly variable with a GI50 ranging from 2.8 to 29.0 microM which is comparable to the range observed in @entity3 cell lines. No somatic @entity6 mutation was detected in any of the 28 CAFs from @entity2 tissue. In addition, response to @entity7 was not significantly associated with the genotype of @entity6 nor @entity9 and @entity10 polymorphisms. However, we observed a non-significant trend towards decreased sensitivity in the presence of @entity6 variant genotype. In contrast to the results obtained in isolated cell culture, in tissue slice culture @entity0 CAFs responded to @entity8 within their microenvironment in the majority of cases (9/14). The opposite was observed in @entity2 tissues: only few CAFs were sensitive to @entity7 within their microenvironment (2/15) whereas a higher proportion responded to @entity7 in isolated culture. CONCLUSION: Similar to @entity3 cells, CAF response to chemotherapy is highly variable. Beside significant individual/intrinsic differences the sensitivity of CAFs seems to depend also on the @entity3 as well as the microenvironment.

title: Highly variable response to cytotoxic chemotherapy in XXXX -associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from lung and breast.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several aspects concerning the relationship between the @entity4 and incident @entity2 are incompletely understood including the magnitude of the risk estimate, potential gender differences in the associations between the @entity4 and incident @entity2 , the associations between the components of the @entity4 and incident @entity2 , and whether the @entity4 provides additional prediction beyond its components. To shed light on these issues, we examined the prospective association between the @entity4 defined by the National @entity3 Education Program (NCEP) and International @entity2 Federation (IDF) and @entity2 . METHODS: We used data for 2796 @entity0 and @entity0 aged 35-65 years from the European Prospective Investigation into @entity1 and Nutrition-Potsdam Study followed for an average of 6.9 years. This analysis employed a case-cohort design that included 697 @entity0 who developed @entity2 and 2099 @entity0 who did not. Incident @entity2 was identified on the basis of self-reports and verified by contacting the @entity0 's attending physician. RESULTS: The adjusted hazard ratio for the NCEP definition was 4.62 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.90-5.48) and that for the IDF definition was 4.59 (95% CI: 3.84-5.50). The adjusted hazard ratios for the NCEP but not IDF definition were higher for @entity0 than @entity0 . When @entity0 who had no @entity5 were used as the reference group for the NCEP definition, the adjusted hazard ratio for having 3 or more abnormalities increased to 22.50 (95% CI: 11.21-45.19). Of the five components, @entity6 and @entity7 were most strongly associated with incident @entity2 . CONCLUSION: In this study population, both definitions of the @entity4 provided similar estimates of relative risk for incident @entity2 . The increase in risk for @entity0 with the @entity4 according to the NCEP definition was very large when contrasted with the risk among those who had no @entity5 .

title: @entity4 and risk of incident @entity2 : findings from the European Prospective Investigation into XXXX and Nutrition-Potsdam Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several aspects concerning the relationship between the @entity4 and incident @entity2 are incompletely understood including the magnitude of the risk estimate, potential gender differences in the associations between the @entity4 and incident @entity2 , the associations between the components of the @entity4 and incident @entity2 , and whether the @entity4 provides additional prediction beyond its components. To shed light on these issues, we examined the prospective association between the @entity4 defined by the National @entity3 Education Program (NCEP) and International @entity2 Federation (IDF) and @entity2 . METHODS: We used data for 2796 @entity0 and @entity0 aged 35-65 years from the European Prospective Investigation into @entity1 and Nutrition-Potsdam Study followed for an average of 6.9 years. This analysis employed a case-cohort design that included 697 @entity0 who developed @entity2 and 2099 @entity0 who did not. Incident @entity2 was identified on the basis of self-reports and verified by contacting the @entity0 's attending physician. RESULTS: The adjusted hazard ratio for the NCEP definition was 4.62 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.90-5.48) and that for the IDF definition was 4.59 (95% CI: 3.84-5.50). The adjusted hazard ratios for the NCEP but not IDF definition were higher for @entity0 than @entity0 . When @entity0 who had no @entity5 were used as the reference group for the NCEP definition, the adjusted hazard ratio for having 3 or more abnormalities increased to 22.50 (95% CI: 11.21-45.19). Of the five components, @entity6 and @entity7 were most strongly associated with incident @entity2 . CONCLUSION: In this study population, both definitions of the @entity4 provided similar estimates of relative risk for incident @entity2 . The increase in risk for @entity0 with the @entity4 according to the NCEP definition was very large when contrasted with the risk among those who had no @entity5 .

title: @entity4 and risk of incident XXXX : findings from the European Prospective Investigation into @entity1 and Nutrition-Potsdam Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several aspects concerning the relationship between the @entity4 and incident @entity2 are incompletely understood including the magnitude of the risk estimate, potential gender differences in the associations between the @entity4 and incident @entity2 , the associations between the components of the @entity4 and incident @entity2 , and whether the @entity4 provides additional prediction beyond its components. To shed light on these issues, we examined the prospective association between the @entity4 defined by the National @entity3 Education Program (NCEP) and International @entity2 Federation (IDF) and @entity2 . METHODS: We used data for 2796 @entity0 and @entity0 aged 35-65 years from the European Prospective Investigation into @entity1 and Nutrition-Potsdam Study followed for an average of 6.9 years. This analysis employed a case-cohort design that included 697 @entity0 who developed @entity2 and 2099 @entity0 who did not. Incident @entity2 was identified on the basis of self-reports and verified by contacting the @entity0 's attending physician. RESULTS: The adjusted hazard ratio for the NCEP definition was 4.62 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.90-5.48) and that for the IDF definition was 4.59 (95% CI: 3.84-5.50). The adjusted hazard ratios for the NCEP but not IDF definition were higher for @entity0 than @entity0 . When @entity0 who had no @entity5 were used as the reference group for the NCEP definition, the adjusted hazard ratio for having 3 or more abnormalities increased to 22.50 (95% CI: 11.21-45.19). Of the five components, @entity6 and @entity7 were most strongly associated with incident @entity2 . CONCLUSION: In this study population, both definitions of the @entity4 provided similar estimates of relative risk for incident @entity2 . The increase in risk for @entity0 with the @entity4 according to the NCEP definition was very large when contrasted with the risk among those who had no @entity5 .

title: XXXX and risk of incident @entity2 : findings from the European Prospective Investigation into @entity1 and Nutrition-Potsdam Study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 of the stomach are very rare. At the time of primary diagnosis the @entity1 are most often in advanced stage and the @entity0 complain of @entity5 due to large @entity1 size. Endosonographically, the @entity1 impress as submucous mass with suspicion to @entity1 . @entity3 following @entity6 in childhood are in generally located in the soft tissue. Structural alterations of the @entity6 gene ( @entity7 ) seem to be involved in the pathogenesis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 37-year-old german male suffered from @entity2 . In @entity8 was detected in the stomach. The resection specimen revealed an @entity9 . At the age of one year, the @entity0 had a @entity6 . CONCLUSION: This is the unique report of an intramucosal @entity4 and the first account of a @entity4 after @entity6 in childhood. A careful clinical follow-up is advised because of increased risk of developing further @entity1 .

title: XXXX of the stomach following @entity6 in childhood - a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity9 of the stomach are very rare. At the time of primary diagnosis the @entity1 are most often in advanced stage and the @entity0 complain of @entity5 due to large @entity1 size. Endosonographically, the @entity1 impress as submucous mass with suspicion to @entity1 . @entity3 following @entity6 in childhood are in generally located in the soft tissue. Structural alterations of the @entity6 gene ( @entity7 ) seem to be involved in the pathogenesis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 37-year-old german male suffered from @entity2 . In @entity8 was detected in the stomach. The resection specimen revealed an @entity9 . At the age of one year, the @entity0 had a @entity6 . CONCLUSION: This is the unique report of an intramucosal @entity4 and the first account of a @entity4 after @entity6 in childhood. A careful clinical follow-up is advised because of increased risk of developing further @entity1 .

title: @entity9 of the stomach following XXXX in childhood - a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity6


abstract: A 48-year-old @entity0 participating in a residential treatment program was treated with @entity4 for a @entity2 . While taking the antibiotic, two urine screens were positive for opiates; results of previous urine opiate screens had been negative. Confirmatory tests using a different assay method, however, gave negative results for opiates. Two weeks after completing @entity4 therapy, the @entity0 's urine screen was negative for opiates. Application of the Naranjo @entity1 probability scale indicated that @entity4 probably was associated with this @entity0 's positive urine opiate screen. @entity3 as a class are among several compounds that have demonstrated a propensity to cross-react with enzyme immunoassay urine drug screens for opiates. Occurrence of cross-reactivity appears to vary among individual assays. The mechanism by which @entity3 cross-react with the immunoassay is unknown. Falsepositive results could have negative effects on @entity0 care, and ramifications of a positive drug screen include possible dismissal from a substance abuse treatment program. Confirmatory analysis using a different assay method is therefore necessary to verify the presence of the target drug.

title: XXXX interference with opiate urine drug screen.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Among increasingly used pharmaceutical products, beta-blockers have been commonly reported at low concentrations in rivers and littoral waters of @entity4 . Little is known about the @entity0 of these chemicals in freshwater ecosystems while their presence may lead to chronic pollution. Hence, in this study the acute @entity0 of 3 beta-blockers: @entity2 , @entity1 and @entity3 on fluvial biofilms was assessed by using several biomarkers. Some were indicative of potential alterations in biofilm algae (photosynthetic efficiency), and others in biofilm bacteria (peptidase activity, bacterial mortality). @entity1 was the most toxic beta-blocker, mostly affecting the algal photosynthetic process. The exposure to 531microg/L of @entity1 caused 85% of inhibition of photosynthesis after 24h. @entity2 was particularly toxic for bacteria. Though estimated No-Effect Concentrations (NEC) were similar to environmental concentrations, higher concentrations of the toxic (503microg/L @entity2 ) caused an increase of 50% in bacterial mortality. @entity3 was the least toxic of the three tested beta-blockers. Effects superior to 50% were only observed at very high concentration (707mg/L). Higher @entity0 of @entity2 and @entity1 might be due to better absorption within biofilms of these two chemicals. Since beta-blockers are mainly found in mixtures in rivers, their differential @entity0 could have potential relevant consequences on the interactions between algae and bacteria within river biofilms.

title: Fluvial biofilms: A pertinent tool to assess beta-blockers XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: It is generally accepted that @entity4 doubles the risk of @entity3 , of which @entity5 is the most common and lethal. @entity4 is a predisposing factor for the development of @entity2 , peripheral @entity6 , @entity8 and end-state @entity0 . @entity9 -causing @entity5 is related to the severity of @entity4 . Inhibition of @entity7 entry reduces the active tone of vascular smooth muscle and produces vasodilatation. This pharmacological action has been the basis for the use of @entity7 -channel blockers (CCBs) for the management of @entity4 . Other drug families may achieve this: diuretics, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor antagonists. @entity3 and @entity9 are major complications related to @entity4 . @entity10 is considered as an independent risk factor associated with abnormalities of diastolic function and can result in @entity8 . @entity9 is associated with activation of innate immunity. @entity9 is expressing itself not only as @entity5 , but as a cerebrovascular and peripheral @entity6 . By impairing physiological vasomotor function, @entity9 includes ultimately @entity1 of myocardium. CCBs reduce blood pressure. Do they prevent the progress of the main complications of @entity4 ? This major question is the matter of the present paper.

title: @entity7 -channel modulators for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: It is generally accepted that @entity4 doubles the risk of @entity3 , of which @entity5 is the most common and lethal. @entity4 is a predisposing factor for the development of @entity2 , peripheral @entity6 , @entity8 and end-state @entity0 . @entity9 -causing @entity5 is related to the severity of @entity4 . Inhibition of @entity7 entry reduces the active tone of vascular smooth muscle and produces vasodilatation. This pharmacological action has been the basis for the use of @entity7 -channel blockers (CCBs) for the management of @entity4 . Other drug families may achieve this: diuretics, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin-receptor antagonists. @entity3 and @entity9 are major complications related to @entity4 . @entity10 is considered as an independent risk factor associated with abnormalities of diastolic function and can result in @entity8 . @entity9 is associated with activation of innate immunity. @entity9 is expressing itself not only as @entity5 , but as a cerebrovascular and peripheral @entity6 . By impairing physiological vasomotor function, @entity9 includes ultimately @entity1 of myocardium. CCBs reduce blood pressure. Do they prevent the progress of the main complications of @entity4 ? This major question is the matter of the present paper.

title: XXXX -channel modulators for @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: Childbirth is an important life event for which a positive experience is important to many @entity0 . METHODS: As secondary outcomes from the randomised controlled Comparative Obstetric Mobile Epidural Trial, various aspects of satisfaction were assessed in @entity0 who had one of three types of regional @entity2 (two of which were low-dose techniques and a high-dose control using 0.25% epidural @entity3 ) and a comparison group who did not have epidural @entity2 , shortly after delivery and 12 months later. RESULTS: The predominant finding was satisfaction with spontaneous vaginal delivery whatever the mode of @entity2 . The overall immediate and long-term satisfaction was similar for all three neuraxial techniques. Satisfaction with the speed of @entity1 relief and the amount of mobility were significantly greater for the combined spinal-epidural technique compared with the low-dose infusion (P<0.001). The degree of control felt by @entity0 who had combined spinal-epidural @entity2 was greater than with the high-dose (P<0.05). @entity0 in the non-epidural comparison group did not report a greater feeling of control. Among those who delivered spontaneously, more @entity0 in the combined spinal-epidural group (30%) felt in full control compared with the high-dose group (17%) (P<0.05). By comparison 22% in the low-dose infusion group and only 15% who had no epidural felt in full control. CONCLUSIONS: Whilst satisfaction with the experience of childbirth appears intimately related to the attainment of a spontaneous delivery, mobile epidurals enhance @entity0 's feeling of control in labour and are popular for future choice of regional @entity2 .

title: Satisfaction, control and XXXX relief: short- and long-term assessments in a randomised controlled trial of low-dose and traditional epidurals and a non-epidural comparison group.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 management has undergone several paradigm shifts for several relevant reasons. From the dismal experience with the use of radiotherapy as the sole modality in the treatment of this group of @entity0 with @entity5 , radiotherapy has been evaluated as an adjuvant for the same group of @entity0 who had undergone successful surgery. Although there is no level 1 evidence to support postoperative adjuvant radiation, several studies have demonstrated that adjuvant radiotherapy reduces the local failures and, thereby, improves survival. Predictors of recurrence after surgical resection are: positive margins of resection; extranodal spread in involved nodes; perineural invasion; and presence of two or more involved regional lymph nodes. Realization of the advantages of a combination of chemotherapy with radiotherapy has had a major impact on the management of these @entity1 . There is emerging evidence for the use of adjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the group with high-risk features. Multiple organ conservation strategies in the management of locally advanced @entity2 have evolved over the years. However, the meta-analyses of impact of chemotherapy in various settings reveal that concomitant chemoradiotherapy is superior to any of the other regimens. Increasing use of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography scan images has resulted in better visualization of target volumes and critical structures. Delineation of these structures is of paramount importance and has resulted in a profound change in conformal treatment planning. Better understanding of the physical aspects of delivery of radiotherapy and the advent of modern treatment planning systems have led to the development of conformal techniques. Although the benefit of these techniques on survival have yet to be demonstrated, there is evidence to suggest that they reduce treatment-related @entity3 significantly and facilitate dose escalation. Increased knowledge of radiobiology has led to the development of various altered fractionation regimens in the management of locally advanced @entity2 . Discovery of cell-cycle kinetics and signal transduction pathways has led to the unearthing of several potential targets for targeted therapy. The @entity4 gene has emerged as the most promising target. The role of biological radiation response modifiers is evolving. All of these approaches to improve the therapeutic gain would be incomplete without evaluating their effect on the quality of life of these @entity0 .

title: Radiotherapeutic management of locally advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The evidence-based Scandinavian Guidelines for the Initial Management of Minimal, Mild, and Moderate @entity1 were developed to provide safe and cost-effective assessment of @entity0 . A survey based on a questionnaire directed to clinical managers in all Norwegian hospitals indicated that the guidelines had influenced management practice significantly. However, implementation of guidelines and compliance from clinical leaders does not necessarily influence individual physicians decisions making. METHODS: To evaluate physicians-compliance with the Scandinavian Guidelines in individual @entity0 , we conducted a study (January 2003 to January 2004) that included all @entity0 with minimal, mild, and moderate @entity1 who presented to the emergency department in a Norwegian university hospital. Guideline compliance was evaluated in the assessment and treatment of 508 @entity0 . The management of each single @entity0 was classified as compliant with the guidelines or not. Classification as compliant required correct use of computed tomography (CT) and hospital admission in accordance with the guideline. RESULTS: The overall physicians-compliance with the Scandinavian Guidelines was 51%. A substantial overtriage with unnecessary CT examinations and hospital admissions was seen in @entity0 with minimal and mild @entity1 . Among @entity0 with minimal @entity1 , 69% underwent overtriage, 18% with unnecessary hospital admission, 27% with unnecessary CT, and 24% with both. Among @entity0 with mild @entity1 , 37% were subject to overtriage, all with admission for observation after a negative CT. All @entity0 with moderate @entity1 were treated in accordance with the guideline. CONCLUSION: Guidelines for assessment and treatment of minimal and mild @entity1 may not have the intended degree of influence on clinical practice. Even in departments where clinical managers report that the practice is evidence based, physicians may not act in accordance with this in their daily practice. This causes significant unnecessary costs, estimated as USD 2,167.000 annually in Norway.

title: Guideline compliance in management of minimal, mild, and moderate XXXX : high frequency of noncompliance among individual physicians despite strong guideline support from clinical leaders.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of @entity3 of the face and head and achieves cure rates of 92-96 %. Different fractionation concepts of radiotherapy have been described. This study investigates the efficacy, as well as acute and chronic @entity2 , of a slightly hypo-fractionated radiotherapy schedule. @entity0 AND METHODS: 85 @entity0 with 104 @entity1 underwent radiotherapy for @entity3 of the face and head. The radiotherapy schedule was 5 x 3 Gray/week up to a total dose of 57 Gray in 95 % of @entity0 . Acute and late radiotherapy @entity2 and cosmetic outcome were evaluated in long-term follow-up. RESULTS: No recurrence was observed. In 87 % of @entity1 , only low acute @entity2 occurred at the end of radiotherapy. Late @entity2 , if observed, was low in most @entity0 . "Excellent" or "good" cosmesis was achieved in 94 % of @entity1 at last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Our radiotherapy schedule achieves a very high local control rate and very good cosmetic and functional results. This fractionation can be recommended as a standardized radiotherapy treatment for @entity3 of the face and head.

title: [Radiotherapy of XXXX of the face and head: Importance of low dose per fraction on long-term outcome].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Histological changes in and around the arterial walls of @entity1 were investigated following topical application of aneurysmal wrapping and coating materials, including a fibrin glue, a cyanoacrylate glue (Biobond), and @entity6 fibers (Bemsheet). Bilateral common carotid arteries were exposed using sterile techniques, and one of the test materials was applied to the right artery. The left artery was used as the control. Changes in arterial histology were evaluated at 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after surgery. The fibrin glue was surrounded by intense @entity0 at 2 weeks after surgery. Both the fibrin glue and @entity0 had disappeared at 2 months, but the glue had induced mild @entity0 in the adventitia. Biobond caused chronic @entity0 , @entity2 of the media, and thickening of the arterial wall due to @entity3 in both the media and adventitia. Bemsheet produced chronic @entity0 , progressive @entity3 , and @entity5 . Connective tissue increased in the adventitia, but no major changes were observed in the media. The Bemsheet fibers remained unchanged, and adhered to the arterial wall. Although arterial stenoses were not observed in the present study, the results suggest that cyanoacrylate glue can cause the arterial occlusive lesions observed following @entity4 surgery.

title: Histological changes in the XXXX common carotid artery induced by aneurysmal wrapping and coating materials.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECT: The goal of this study was to determine the incidence of radiation-induced cavernomas in @entity0 treated for @entity3 . METHODS: A retrospective chart and film review was performed for all @entity0 treated for @entity3 at the Insitute for Neurology and Neurosurgery/Beth Israel Medical Center between August 1996 and the present. The clinical and radiographic histories of pediatric @entity0 (ages 3-21 years at diagnosis) with a histologically confirmed diagnosis of @entity3 who received craniospinal radiation therapy were reviewed. Fifty-nine @entity0 were identified, with a mean age at radiation treatment of 7.7 years and a mean follow-up time of 7.2 years. The dose to the @entity2 was 24 Gy (31 @entity0 ) or 36 Gy (28 @entity0 ). The radiation energy in the @entity2 was provided by photons in 55 @entity0 and protons in four. All @entity0 received a posterior fossa boost of 54 Gy (46 @entity0 ) or 72 Gy (13 @entity0 ). Twenty-six lesions developed in 18 @entity0 (31%) during the observation period. The cumulative incidence of lesion development was 5.6, 14, and 43%, at 3, 5, and 10 years, respectively. The sites of occurrence were cerebral (20 cases) and cerebellar (six cases). There was no significant correlation between age at diagnosis, sex, craniospinal radiation dose or energy source, and lesion development. Only one @entity0 required surgical intervention for a symptomatic @entity1 in the frontal lobe. Histological analysis in this case was consistent with cavernoma. CONCLUSIONS: Cavernomas are common after cranial irradiation in @entity0 , and their incidence increases over time. Most of these lesions follow a benign course and do not require intervention.

title: Cumulative incidence of radiation-induced cavernomas in long-term survivors of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In the field of @entity3 diagnosis, most in vitro functional tests are focused on basophils. Nevertheless, the very small number of circulating basophils limits these experiments and their clinical benefit remains controversial. As flow cytometry is a valuable tool for identifying cell populations, even at low concentrations, we developed a tricolour flow cytometric method for the study of allergen-induced basophil activation. Identification of cells was based both on @entity4 expression and on the presence of IgE on the cell surface, since basophils express high-affinity receptors for IgE ( @entity2 ). Cell activation upon allergen challenge was assessed by the expression of @entity6 antigen on the plasma membrane. Basophil isolation and activation (with the chemotactic peptide @entity5 ) were validated in 32 non- @entity1 @entity0 . In 12 @entity1 @entity0 , basophil stimulation by a relevant allergen was in most cases positive (10/12). Furthermore a concentration-dependent hook effect was observed. Of the @entity1 and non- @entity1 @entity0 , none showed non-specific activation with an irrelevant allergen (specificity 100%). Overall, our preliminary results, even in a small population, suggest that this is a reliable and valuable method for the diagnosis of @entity3 complementing specific allergen IgE and skin test results. Obviously, additional clinical studies are needed to validate these first results.

title: Detection of allergen-induced basophil activation by expression of XXXX antigen using a tricolour flow cytometric method.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: The goal of the current study was to evaluate the ability to diagnose the presence of an inferior orbital wall @entity2 through the use of a transantral endoscopy technique at bedside. @entity0 AND METHODS: Seven @entity1 @entity0 with initial axial computed tomography (CT) scan findings consistent with an @entity7 were studied. Before endoscopy, the @entity0 underwent a coronal CT scan with 3-mm cuts for later comparison with the endoscopic findings. The surgeon performing the endoscopy procedure was blinded to the results of the coronal CT scan. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, and measurement for enophthalmos were performed before endoscopy. The endoscopic procedure was performed at the bedside using local anesthesia. A trocar was used in the @entity3 fossa to gain access to the maxillary sinus. A 30 degrees and then a 70 degrees endoscope were introduced through the trocar to evaluate the integrity of the orbital floor (ie, maxillary sinus roof). The degree of @entity6 of the orbital floor and the presence of blood or orbital contents in the sinus were recorded. The ophthalmologic examination was repeated after completion of endoscopy. RESULTS: The endoscopic procedure was able to be completed in all @entity0 . There was no change in the ophthalmologic examination in any @entity0 as a result of endoscopy. In six of the seven @entity0 studied, the endoscopic findings correlated with the need for surgical intervention to repair the orbital floor predicted on the basis of coronal CT scan. This was determined by the degree of @entity5 and the presence of @entity4 , exposed bone, or fat. In the remaining case, endoscopy was not diagnostic for the presence of a @entity2 because only ecchymosis of the orbital floor was noted. CONCLUSIONS: The ability to perform endoscopy under local anesthesia at the bedside is useful in those @entity1 @entity0 whose concomitant injuries may prohibit other diagnostic modalities.

title: The use of maxillary sinus endoscopy in the diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a major health concern worldwide. In 2011 1,200,000 new cases are predicted and half of them are going to die from the disease. @entity1 is a multi-step process that spans over 10-20 years, providing a window of opportunity for effective intervention. @entity1 can be prevented by life style modification and screening program. However, although these strategies are standard clinical practice, their impact is limited due to low adherence. The number of @entity6 due to @entity1 remains alarming high, and makes @entity1 prevention a paramount. Chemoprevention interferes with the @entity2 process by targeting key molecular pathways. It involves the use of a variety of natural or chemical compounds that can delay, prevent or even reverse the @entity7 to @entity4 sequence. Numerous chemopreventive agents have been studied but the most efficient are the NSAID group of agents. Much of their efficacy and @entity3 has been attributed to their potent inhibition of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. Chemoprevention has the potential to represent a cost-effective intervention, particularly when targeted at intermediate-risk populations, ages 61-70, following polypectomy. Chemoprevention in this setting is as very important as polyp recurrence in this population can be as high as 50%, even with surveillance colonoscopy every 1-3 years. The most challenging task is to find the proper place for these interventions in the entire effort of general wellbeing. Subjects are likely to be more adherent to prescribed regimens if @entity0 prevention may be combined with a cardiovascular and @entity5 . Subjects with a normal colon or non advanced @entity7 can be safely monitored with surveillance colonoscopy every 5-10 years. The ideal chemopreventive agent remains to be discovered with great emphasis on the need not to harm. Possibly, combinations of agents will maximize effectiveness while limiting drug @entity3 . Finally, personalized approaches would include the ability to predict risk, as well as benefit for a specific individual based on specific SNP's or other genetic profiles.

title: Chemoprevention for advanced CR XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of preadministration of @entity6 on the plasma concentrations of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity3 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled and double-blind study. SETTING: Inpatient surgery at Nagasaki Rosai Hospital. @entity0 : 32 ASA physical status I to II @entity0 scheduled for total knee arthroplasty or open anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 were randomly assigned to two groups. Five minutes before tourniquet inflation (350 mmHg), group A (n = 16) received placebo (intralipid, one mL . kg(-1)), and group B (n = 16) received @entity6 one mg . kg(-1) IV. Catheters were placed in the ipsilateral femoral vein for collection of local blood and in a cubital vein for sampling of systemic blood. MEASUREMENTS: @entity4 (femoral vein and cubital vein) was measured before tourniquet inflation (T1), before tourniquet deflation (T2), and immediately after tourniquet deflation (T3). Postoperative analgesia was provided with intravenous @entity5 , 0.1 mg, on @entity0 demand. @entity2 (Visual Analog Scale) was assessed at 0.5, one, two, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery. MAIN RESULTS: Visual Analog Scale and @entity5 consumptions in group B were significantly lower than those in group A during the first 4 postoperative hours. In group A, @entity4 in femoral vein increased significantly at T2 (359 +/- 105 pg mL(-1), P < 0.0001), compared with T1 (211 +/- 61 pg mL(-1)) and returned to control values at T3 (252 +/- 77 pg mL(-1)), whereas @entity4 in the cubital vein showed no change. In group B, @entity4 in either the femoral vein or cubital vein showed no change throughout the time course. CONCLUSIONS: Preadministration of @entity6 suppresses the local production of @entity4 during tourniquet @entity1 , resulting in reduced early @entity3 in @entity0 undergoing knee surgery.

title: Preadministration of @entity6 suppresses prostaglandin production and XXXX in orthopedic @entity0 undergoing tourniquet inflation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of preadministration of @entity6 on the plasma concentrations of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity3 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled and double-blind study. SETTING: Inpatient surgery at Nagasaki Rosai Hospital. @entity0 : 32 ASA physical status I to II @entity0 scheduled for total knee arthroplasty or open anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 were randomly assigned to two groups. Five minutes before tourniquet inflation (350 mmHg), group A (n = 16) received placebo (intralipid, one mL . kg(-1)), and group B (n = 16) received @entity6 one mg . kg(-1) IV. Catheters were placed in the ipsilateral femoral vein for collection of local blood and in a cubital vein for sampling of systemic blood. MEASUREMENTS: @entity4 (femoral vein and cubital vein) was measured before tourniquet inflation (T1), before tourniquet deflation (T2), and immediately after tourniquet deflation (T3). Postoperative analgesia was provided with intravenous @entity5 , 0.1 mg, on @entity0 demand. @entity2 (Visual Analog Scale) was assessed at 0.5, one, two, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery. MAIN RESULTS: Visual Analog Scale and @entity5 consumptions in group B were significantly lower than those in group A during the first 4 postoperative hours. In group A, @entity4 in femoral vein increased significantly at T2 (359 +/- 105 pg mL(-1), P < 0.0001), compared with T1 (211 +/- 61 pg mL(-1)) and returned to control values at T3 (252 +/- 77 pg mL(-1)), whereas @entity4 in the cubital vein showed no change. In group B, @entity4 in either the femoral vein or cubital vein showed no change throughout the time course. CONCLUSIONS: Preadministration of @entity6 suppresses the local production of @entity4 during tourniquet @entity1 , resulting in reduced early @entity3 in @entity0 undergoing knee surgery.

title: Preadministration of XXXX suppresses prostaglandin production and @entity3 in orthopedic @entity0 undergoing tourniquet inflation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of preadministration of @entity6 on the plasma concentrations of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity3 . DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, controlled and double-blind study. SETTING: Inpatient surgery at Nagasaki Rosai Hospital. @entity0 : 32 ASA physical status I to II @entity0 scheduled for total knee arthroplasty or open anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. INTERVENTIONS: @entity0 were randomly assigned to two groups. Five minutes before tourniquet inflation (350 mmHg), group A (n = 16) received placebo (intralipid, one mL . kg(-1)), and group B (n = 16) received @entity6 one mg . kg(-1) IV. Catheters were placed in the ipsilateral femoral vein for collection of local blood and in a cubital vein for sampling of systemic blood. MEASUREMENTS: @entity4 (femoral vein and cubital vein) was measured before tourniquet inflation (T1), before tourniquet deflation (T2), and immediately after tourniquet deflation (T3). Postoperative analgesia was provided with intravenous @entity5 , 0.1 mg, on @entity0 demand. @entity2 (Visual Analog Scale) was assessed at 0.5, one, two, 4, 6, 12 and 24 hours after surgery. MAIN RESULTS: Visual Analog Scale and @entity5 consumptions in group B were significantly lower than those in group A during the first 4 postoperative hours. In group A, @entity4 in femoral vein increased significantly at T2 (359 +/- 105 pg mL(-1), P < 0.0001), compared with T1 (211 +/- 61 pg mL(-1)) and returned to control values at T3 (252 +/- 77 pg mL(-1)), whereas @entity4 in the cubital vein showed no change. In group B, @entity4 in either the femoral vein or cubital vein showed no change throughout the time course. CONCLUSIONS: Preadministration of @entity6 suppresses the local production of @entity4 during tourniquet @entity1 , resulting in reduced early @entity3 in @entity0 undergoing knee surgery.

title: Preadministration of @entity6 suppresses prostaglandin production and @entity3 in orthopedic XXXX undergoing tourniquet inflation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Individuals with @entity4 have @entity1 during abuse period in attention, working memory, episodic memory, and executive function. After protracted abstinence consistent @entity1 has been found only in executive function. However, few studies have explored cognitive function during first weeks of abstinence. The purpose of this study was to study cognitive function of individuals with @entity4 during early abstinence. It was hypothesized that @entity1 are pronounced immediately after peak withdrawal symptoms have passed and then partially recover. METHODS: Fifteen @entity0 with @entity4 and fifteen controls matched for, age, gender, and verbal intelligence were tested with a cognitive test battery When @entity0 performed worse than controls correlations between cognitive performance and days of withdrawal, duration of @entity4 , duration of any @entity2 , or opioid withdrawal symptom inventory score (Short Opiate Withdrawal Scale) were analyzed. RESULTS: Early abstinent opioid dependent @entity0 performed statistically significantly worse than controls in tests measuring complex working memory, executive function, and fluid intelligence. Their complex working memory and fluid intelligence performances correlated statistically significantly with days of withdrawal. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a rather general neurocognitive @entity1 . It is suggested that @entity1 during early abstinence from @entity4 is related to @entity3 in the prefrontal cortex and is partly transient.

title: Cognitive function during early abstinence from XXXX : a comparison to age, gender, and verbal intelligence matched controls.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Several evidences revealed the relationship between the earliest stages of @entity5 and the components of @entity4 . The aim of this study was to disclose preclinical @entity5 in a cross-sectional observational study involving 147 @entity0 with @entity4 by the assessment of brachial flow-mediated vasodilation ( @entity7 ) and intima-media thickening at both carotid and femoral sites. The purpose was to investigate the association of this @entity4 with prevalent @entity5 in different vascular sites. A control group of 87 healthy subjects was also investigated. @entity0 had lower values of @entity7 and a higher mean @entity2 ( @entity2 ) at both the carotid and femoral sites with respect to controls. Flow-mediated vasodilation had a positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity3 and a negative one with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity3 , glycemia, and insulinemia. Carotid mean @entity2 was directly related to LDL @entity3 and age, and inversely with HDL @entity3 ; femoral mean @entity2 had a direct association with LDL @entity3 , @entity6 , glycemia, and insulinemia and an inverse correlation with HDL @entity3 and LDL size. LDL @entity3 , HDL @entity3 , insulin, and brachial artery diameter were predictive of brachial @entity7 (beta=-0.17, 0.21, -0.27, and -0.29, respectively; P<.05), whereas age, LDL @entity3 , and HDL @entity3 were independent predictors of mean carotid @entity2 (beta=0.19, 0.37, and -0.27, respectively; P<.05); on the other hand, LDL @entity3 , @entity6 , and insulin were independent predictors of mean femoral @entity2 (beta=0.32, 0.26, and 0.25, respectively; P<.05). In conclusion, the present study documented an altered endothelial function and intima-media thickening in @entity0 with @entity4 without overt @entity1 . Moreover, it focused on the strong influence of @entity4 on preclinical @entity5 at the femoral site.

title: XXXX and preclinical @entity5 : focus on femoral arteries.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Several evidences revealed the relationship between the earliest stages of @entity5 and the components of @entity4 . The aim of this study was to disclose preclinical @entity5 in a cross-sectional observational study involving 147 @entity0 with @entity4 by the assessment of brachial flow-mediated vasodilation ( @entity7 ) and intima-media thickening at both carotid and femoral sites. The purpose was to investigate the association of this @entity4 with prevalent @entity5 in different vascular sites. A control group of 87 healthy subjects was also investigated. @entity0 had lower values of @entity7 and a higher mean @entity2 ( @entity2 ) at both the carotid and femoral sites with respect to controls. Flow-mediated vasodilation had a positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity3 and a negative one with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity3 , glycemia, and insulinemia. Carotid mean @entity2 was directly related to LDL @entity3 and age, and inversely with HDL @entity3 ; femoral mean @entity2 had a direct association with LDL @entity3 , @entity6 , glycemia, and insulinemia and an inverse correlation with HDL @entity3 and LDL size. LDL @entity3 , HDL @entity3 , insulin, and brachial artery diameter were predictive of brachial @entity7 (beta=-0.17, 0.21, -0.27, and -0.29, respectively; P<.05), whereas age, LDL @entity3 , and HDL @entity3 were independent predictors of mean carotid @entity2 (beta=0.19, 0.37, and -0.27, respectively; P<.05); on the other hand, LDL @entity3 , @entity6 , and insulin were independent predictors of mean femoral @entity2 (beta=0.32, 0.26, and 0.25, respectively; P<.05). In conclusion, the present study documented an altered endothelial function and intima-media thickening in @entity0 with @entity4 without overt @entity1 . Moreover, it focused on the strong influence of @entity4 on preclinical @entity5 at the femoral site.

title: @entity4 and preclinical XXXX : focus on femoral arteries.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with severe @entity1 have a long track record of operations and hospital visits by the time they are 18 years old. The fact that their @entity1 is congenital may have an impact on how satisfied these @entity0 are with their appearance. This study evaluated the level of satisfaction with facial appearance of congenital and of acquired facially disfigured adults, and explored demographic, physical and psychological determinants of this satisfaction. Differences compared with non-disfigured adults were examined. METHODS: Fifty-nine adults with a rare @entity2 , 59 adults with a @entity1 traumatically acquired in adulthood, and a reference group of 201 non-disfigured adults completed standardised demographic, physical and psychological questionnaires. RESULTS: The congenital and acquired groups did not differ significantly in the level of satisfaction with facial appearance, but both were significantly less satisfied than the reference group. In facially disfigured adults, level of education, number of affected facial parts and facial function were determinants of the level of satisfaction. High fear of negative appearance evaluation by others (FNAE) and low @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were strong psychological determinants. Although FNAE was higher in both @entity0 groups, @entity3 was similar in all three groups. CONCLUSION: Satisfaction with facial appearance of individuals with a congenital or acquired @entity1 is similar and will seldom reach the level of satisfaction of non-disfigured @entity0 . A combination of surgical correction (with attention for facial profile and restoring facial functions) and psychological help (to increase @entity3 and lower FNAE) may improve @entity0 satisfaction.

title: Satisfaction with facial appearance and its determinants in adults with severe XXXX : a case-referent study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The treatment of @entity0 with complex urolithiasis in @entity1 can be challenging. Because the location of an @entity1 can vary, each case requires a unique and, at times, unconventional approach. We reviewed the techniques we have developed to treat such @entity0 , including laparoscopic-assisted tubeless, transhepatic, and transiliac percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL). METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of all @entity0 with @entity1 who underwent PNL at our institution. Six @entity0 underwent laparoscopic-assisted PNL, one underwent transiliac PNL, and one underwent transhepatic PNL. All laparoscopic-assisted procedures were performed tubeless, with an internalized ureteral stent placed at the conclusion of the procedure. RESULTS: All @entity0 underwent successful PNL. On computed tomography, performed on the morning of postoperative day 1, all @entity0 who underwent laparoscopic-assisted PNL were stone free. The @entity0 who underwent transiliac PNL and transhepatic PNL required secondary procedures to attain a stone-free status. The mean length of hospitalization was 3 days for the laparoscopic-assisted cohort, 1 day for the transhepatic @entity0 , and 3 days for the transiliac @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: For the @entity0 with a large or complex stone burden in an @entity1 , laparoscopic-assisted PNL is the optimal treatment. Performing such a procedure tubeless may be associated with a reduced hospital stay. For those @entity0 with a hostile peritoneal cavity owing to prior surgical exploration, consideration should be given to a more individualized approach.

title: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for XXXX : over, around, or through.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Adipose tissue surrounding the coronary arteries has been suggested to induce development of @entity4 . We explored the relation between epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) volume and @entity2 using multislice computed tomography. The study population consisted of 190 @entity0 who had undergone multislice computed tomographic coronary angiography. Coronary artery @entity3 score was assessed. In addition, @entity0 were classified as having (1) no @entity4 , (2) nonobstructive @entity4 (luminal narrowing <50%), (3) obstructive @entity4 (luminal narrowing >or=50%) in a single vessel, or (4) obstructive @entity4 in the left main coronary artery and/or multiple vessels. @entity1 (3.00-mm thickness, range 35 to 40 slices per heart) were traced semiautomatically from the border of EAT below the apex to a point at the center of the left atrium. Tissue with values from -250 to -30 HU was assigned as EAT. EAT volume within the traced area was then automatically quantified. Mean EAT volume was 84 +/- 41 ml. @entity0 with a coronary artery @entity3 score >10 had significantly larger average EAT volume (100 +/- 40 ml) compared with @entity0 with @entity3 scores <or=10 (59 +/- 27 ml, p <0.001). Sensitivity and specificity for prediction of a @entity3 score >10 were 77% and 70% with a cut-off EAT value of 73 ml. In @entity0 with normal coronaries mean EAT volume (63 +/- 31 ml) was significantly smaller than in @entity0 with @entity4 (99 +/- 40 ml, p <0.001). Using a cut-off EAT volume of 75 ml, the sensitivity and specificity for presence of @entity4 were 72% and 70%. Interestingly, quantity of EAT did not significantly increase with increasing extent or severity of @entity4 . After adjustments for risk factors EAT volume remained a significant predictor of @entity2 (p = 0.001). In conclusion, a significant relation was shown between EAT volume and presence of @entity2 . Quantification of EAT may be useful to identify @entity0 at risk for @entity2 .

title: Relation of epicardial adipose tissue to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 (PA) stenting can be challenging, especially in @entity0 with @entity6 of the right ventricular (RV) outflow tract or tortuous PA branches. In these cases, a hybrid procedure deploying PA stent(s) during cardiac surgery provides an alternative to relieve @entity5 . The Mayo Clinic Congenital Cardiac surgical database was used to identify all @entity0 having hybrid PA stent procedures. Retrospective analysis of clinical data, procedural details, and outcomes was performed. Between January 1997 and November 2006, 24 @entity0 (15 females), median age 15 years (range 3 to 67 years), had hybrid PA stent procedures. A total of 27 stents were deployed. A left PA stent was placed in 13, right PA stent in 8; 3 @entity0 had bilateral PA stents. Primary cardiac diagnoses were @entity9 (9), @entity1 (7), @entity8 (2), and others (6). Maximum balloon diameters ranged from 8 to 16 mm (median = 12 mm). Concomitant surgical procedures performed were RV to PA conduit replacement or RV outflow tract reconstruction (14), @entity3 (7), and others (3). Two procedures were performed following complications of percutaneous procedure. There were no deaths or PA damage. There were 2 cases of distal stent migration. Repeat stent dilations within 6 months were performed in 3 @entity0 . In conclusion, hybrid PA stenting can play an important role in the management of @entity2 with complex branch PA anatomy. It also can be used as an emergency rescue procedure following complications of percutaneous transcatheter procedures, such as @entity7 . Hybrid procedures were safe and effective in most @entity0 , although stent positioning remains critical. Intraoperative fluoroscopy and active suture fixation of the proximal stent may reduce the need for late reintervention.

title: Hybrid intraoperative pulmonary artery stent placement for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated by signal transduction pathways mediated by complexes of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and their partner cyclins, or by interaction with CDK inhibitors. @entity2 (TA) is a weak hepatocarcinogen causing several types of @entity1 in a dose dependent manner and ultimately producing malignant transformation. We investigated alterations of expression of cell cycle regulators in the @entity0 liver, involved in G1 entry and progression during TA administration. METHODS: We studied expression patterns of @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity3 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) during daily intraperitoneal injection of low dose TA (50 mg/kg) till 7 day. We used western blot and immunohistochemistry for detection. RESULTS: Expression of @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 and @entity3 ( @entity4 ) increased from 6 hour and peaked at 2, 3 day, then decreased next 2 days, and re-increased at 6 day. Cytoplasmo-nuclear translocation of @entity6 and @entity3 ( @entity4 ) was evident within 1 day and prominent at 2 and 7 day. Expression of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) increased immediately after TA treatment and remarkably increased from 3 day and progressed till 7 day, showing cytoplasmic location, suggestive of inactive form. Most of in situ immunoreactions occurred at the centrilobular hepatocytes. Concomitant nuclear translocation of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) and @entity6 , different with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) suggests that @entity3 ( @entity4 ) might be a transporter for nuclear translocation rather than cell cycle inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: Daily administration of low dose TA makes cell cycle open and G1 progress, possibly due to @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity8 , their transporter @entity3 ( @entity4 ), and inactive @entity5 ( @entity5 ), which occur at quiescent hepatocytes, not stem cells.

title: Expression of G1 cell cycle regulators in @entity0 liver upon repeated exposure to XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Eukaryotic cell cycle is regulated by signal transduction pathways mediated by complexes of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and their partner cyclins, or by interaction with CDK inhibitors. @entity2 (TA) is a weak hepatocarcinogen causing several types of @entity1 in a dose dependent manner and ultimately producing malignant transformation. We investigated alterations of expression of cell cycle regulators in the @entity0 liver, involved in G1 entry and progression during TA administration. METHODS: We studied expression patterns of @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity3 ( @entity4 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) during daily intraperitoneal injection of low dose TA (50 mg/kg) till 7 day. We used western blot and immunohistochemistry for detection. RESULTS: Expression of @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 and @entity3 ( @entity4 ) increased from 6 hour and peaked at 2, 3 day, then decreased next 2 days, and re-increased at 6 day. Cytoplasmo-nuclear translocation of @entity6 and @entity3 ( @entity4 ) was evident within 1 day and prominent at 2 and 7 day. Expression of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) increased immediately after TA treatment and remarkably increased from 3 day and progressed till 7 day, showing cytoplasmic location, suggestive of inactive form. Most of in situ immunoreactions occurred at the centrilobular hepatocytes. Concomitant nuclear translocation of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) and @entity6 , different with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) suggests that @entity3 ( @entity4 ) might be a transporter for nuclear translocation rather than cell cycle inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: Daily administration of low dose TA makes cell cycle open and G1 progress, possibly due to @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity8 , their transporter @entity3 ( @entity4 ), and inactive @entity5 ( @entity5 ), which occur at quiescent hepatocytes, not stem cells.

title: Expression of G1 cell cycle regulators in XXXX liver upon repeated exposure to @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a myofibrillar protein regulating the interaction of actin and @entity5 . It is 100% tissue specific for the heart and is an excellent serum marker for detecting @entity2 . Based on previous studies, contradictory results have been reported about elevation of serum levels of @entity6 in @entity0 presenting with subacute or acute @entity1 with or without @entity4 . Here we assess serum levels of @entity6 in @entity0 following uncomplicated @entity3 and with a healthy cardiovascular system. METHODS: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 49 @entity0 (age range: 12-65 years) with uncomplicated @entity3 and no history of cardiac problems were included. @entity6 level was evaluated in @entity0 between 6 h and 10 days after a @entity4 . Electrocardiography and echocardiography were also performed. Variables including number of @entity4 , age at first @entity4 , and time elapsed from the last @entity4 , in addition to demographic variables, were also evaluated. RESULTS: Average age of @entity0 was 21.18 years (standard deviation [SD] +/-8.37) with a male/female ratio of 2.26. Mean elapsed time from the last @entity4 was 54 h (SD +/-52.97). @entity6 level was within the normal range (<0.1 ng/mL) in all @entity0 with a mean level of 0.026 ng/mL (SD +/-0.015). A significant statistical correlation was found between serum level of @entity6 and number of @entity3 (Spearman r = 0.743, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Serum level of @entity6 following @entity4 was within normal limits in 12 to 65-year-old @entity0 with uncomplicated @entity3 and healthy cardiovascular system. However, this level was higher in @entity0 with more than three repeated @entity4 . Repeated measurement of level of @entity6 up to several days after presence of a @entity4 may be helpful in further assessment of this relationship.

title: Serum levels of @entity6 in @entity0 with uncomplicated XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a myofibrillar protein regulating the interaction of actin and @entity5 . It is 100% tissue specific for the heart and is an excellent serum marker for detecting @entity2 . Based on previous studies, contradictory results have been reported about elevation of serum levels of @entity6 in @entity0 presenting with subacute or acute @entity1 with or without @entity4 . Here we assess serum levels of @entity6 in @entity0 following uncomplicated @entity3 and with a healthy cardiovascular system. METHODS: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 49 @entity0 (age range: 12-65 years) with uncomplicated @entity3 and no history of cardiac problems were included. @entity6 level was evaluated in @entity0 between 6 h and 10 days after a @entity4 . Electrocardiography and echocardiography were also performed. Variables including number of @entity4 , age at first @entity4 , and time elapsed from the last @entity4 , in addition to demographic variables, were also evaluated. RESULTS: Average age of @entity0 was 21.18 years (standard deviation [SD] +/-8.37) with a male/female ratio of 2.26. Mean elapsed time from the last @entity4 was 54 h (SD +/-52.97). @entity6 level was within the normal range (<0.1 ng/mL) in all @entity0 with a mean level of 0.026 ng/mL (SD +/-0.015). A significant statistical correlation was found between serum level of @entity6 and number of @entity3 (Spearman r = 0.743, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Serum level of @entity6 following @entity4 was within normal limits in 12 to 65-year-old @entity0 with uncomplicated @entity3 and healthy cardiovascular system. However, this level was higher in @entity0 with more than three repeated @entity4 . Repeated measurement of level of @entity6 up to several days after presence of a @entity4 may be helpful in further assessment of this relationship.

title: Serum levels of XXXX in @entity0 with uncomplicated @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a myofibrillar protein regulating the interaction of actin and @entity5 . It is 100% tissue specific for the heart and is an excellent serum marker for detecting @entity2 . Based on previous studies, contradictory results have been reported about elevation of serum levels of @entity6 in @entity0 presenting with subacute or acute @entity1 with or without @entity4 . Here we assess serum levels of @entity6 in @entity0 following uncomplicated @entity3 and with a healthy cardiovascular system. METHODS: In this analytical cross-sectional study, 49 @entity0 (age range: 12-65 years) with uncomplicated @entity3 and no history of cardiac problems were included. @entity6 level was evaluated in @entity0 between 6 h and 10 days after a @entity4 . Electrocardiography and echocardiography were also performed. Variables including number of @entity4 , age at first @entity4 , and time elapsed from the last @entity4 , in addition to demographic variables, were also evaluated. RESULTS: Average age of @entity0 was 21.18 years (standard deviation [SD] +/-8.37) with a male/female ratio of 2.26. Mean elapsed time from the last @entity4 was 54 h (SD +/-52.97). @entity6 level was within the normal range (<0.1 ng/mL) in all @entity0 with a mean level of 0.026 ng/mL (SD +/-0.015). A significant statistical correlation was found between serum level of @entity6 and number of @entity3 (Spearman r = 0.743, p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Serum level of @entity6 following @entity4 was within normal limits in 12 to 65-year-old @entity0 with uncomplicated @entity3 and healthy cardiovascular system. However, this level was higher in @entity0 with more than three repeated @entity4 . Repeated measurement of level of @entity6 up to several days after presence of a @entity4 may be helpful in further assessment of this relationship.

title: Serum levels of @entity6 in XXXX with uncomplicated @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pharmacogenetic studies of drug response in @entity1 assume that @entity0 respond consistently to a treatment but that treatment response varies across @entity0 ; however, no formal studies have demonstrated this. OBJECTIVE: To determine the repeatability of commonly used outcomes for treatment response to @entity1 medications: bronchodilator response, FEV(1), and PC(20). METHODS: The Childhood Asthma Management Program was a multicenter clinical trial of @entity0 randomized to receiving @entity2 , @entity3 , or placebo. We determined the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for each outcome over repeated visits over a period of 4 years in the Childhood Asthma Management Program by using mixed-effects regression models. We adjusted for the covariates age, race/ethnicity, height, family income, parental education, and symptom score. We incorporated each outcome for each @entity0 as repeated outcome measurements and stratified by treatment group. RESULTS: The ICC for bronchodilator response was 0.31 in the @entity2 group, 0.35 in the @entity3 group, and 0.40 in the placebo group, after adjusting for covariates. The ICC for FEV(1) was 0.71 in the @entity2 group, 0.60 in the @entity3 group, and 0.69 in the placebo group, after adjusting for covariates. The ICC for PC(20) was 0.67 in the @entity2 and placebo groups and 0.73 in the @entity3 group, after adjusting for covariates. CONCLUSION: The within-treatment group repeatability of FEV(1) and PC(20) is high; thus, these phenotypes are heritable. FEV(1) and PC(20) may be better phenotypes than bronchodilator response for studies of treatment response in @entity1 .

title: Repeatability of response to XXXX medications.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The advent of @entity1 antagonists has had a revolutionary impact on the treatment of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). However, whether the benefits recorded in controlled trials are replicated in everyday practice has not been extensively evaluated. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of infliximab in @entity0 with @entity5 , to identify factors associated with the treatment response, and to assess fulfillment of modified New York criteria and compliance with guidelines about using @entity1 antagonists. METHODS: Retrospective review of @entity0 given infliximab for axial @entity5 between 2001 and 2003. Disease activity, motion limitation, laboratory tests, and the 6-week response rate were recorded. RESULTS: Of the 86 included @entity0 (48 @entity0 and 38 @entity0 , mean age, 44+/-11 years), 37% responded to infliximab therapy. @entity2 and @entity4 elevation at baseline predicted a response. Only 53% of @entity0 met modified New York criteria and only 23% met ASAS criteria for starting @entity1 antagonist therapy. CONCLUSION: Infliximab was less effective in our @entity0 with axial @entity5 than expected based on the results of controlled trials. However, many @entity0 did not meet New York criteria for @entity3 and/or ASAS criteria for @entity1 antagonist therapy. Therefore, our results do not challenge the usefulness of @entity1 antagonists in axial @entity3 . Our @entity0 were treated before the development of guidelines for @entity1 antagonist therapy and before the introduction of magnetic resonance imaging as an evaluation tool in @entity3 . Strict criteria should be used to decide when @entity1 antagonist therapy is appropriate in @entity0 with @entity5 .

title: Infliximab for treating XXXX in everyday practice.

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We characterised insulin resistance, @entity1 and endocrine dysfunction in cultured adipose cells and examined the autocrine or paracrine roles of cytokines/adipokines in the progression of insulin resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity0 primary adipose cells were prepared and cultured for 24 and 48 h. Insulin resistance and gene expression were examined by @entity2 uptake assay, cDNA microarray and real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS: After 24 h in culture, the fold increase of insulin-stimulated @entity2 uptake in adipose cells was markedly reduced; after 48 h the response of the cells to insulin decreased. cDNA microarray analysis showed that the expression of 514 genes was altered in adipose cells after 24 h in culture. The dysregulated genes included those involved in the @entity4 cycle and in @entity3 and @entity5 @entity1 . Specifically, the following genes were all downregulated: genes encoding lipolytic and lipogenic enzymes; uncoupling protein 1 and 2 genes; @entity6 gene. This indicates that lipolytic and lipogenic activity, as well as mitochondria capacity decline in adipose cells cultured for 24 h. The mRNAs encoding 40 adipokines were also dysregulated in cultured cells. Strikingly, the dysregulated adipokines in cultured cells and in freshly isolated adipose cells from insulin-resistant Zucker fa/fa @entity0 displayed a similar pattern with regard to protein functions. Also striking was the fact that progression of insulin resistance was promoted by the adipokines secreted from insulin-resistant adipose tissue or cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: Our data demonstrate that the impairment of @entity1 and endocrine dysfunction in cultured adipose cells mimics the insulin resistance occurring in vivo. Cytokines and adipokines appear to play a critical role in the progression of insulin resistance in adipose cells.

title: Characterisation of insulin-resistant phenotype of cultured XXXX primary adipose cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: To review anaesthesia in @entity2 and in the emergency room, and to discuss guidelines for anaesthesia indication; pre-oxygenation; anaesthesia induction and drugs; airway management; anaesthesia maintenance and monitoring; side effects and training. METHODS: A literature search in the PubMed database was performed and 87 articles were included in this non-systematic review. CONCLUSIONS: For pre-oxygenation, high-flow @entity1 should be delivered with a tight-fitting face-mask provided with a reservoir. In haemodynamically unstable @entity0 , @entity4 may be the induction agent of choice. The @entity3 antagonist @entity5 may have the potential to make @entity3 a first-line neuromuscular blocking agent in emergency induction. An experienced health-care provider may consider prehospital anaesthesia induction. A moderately experienced health-care provider should optimise oxygenation, fasten hospital transfer and only try to intubate a @entity0 in extremis. If intubation fails twice, ventilation should be resumed with an alternative supra-glottic airway or a bag-valve-mask device. A lesser experienced health-care provider should completely refrain from intubation, optimise oxygenation, fasten hospital transfer and only in extremis ventilate with an alternative supra-glottic airway or a bag-valve-mask device. With an expected difficult airway, the @entity0 should be intubated awake. With an unexpected difficult airway, bag-valve-mask ventilation should be resumed and an alternative supra-glottic airway device inserted. Senior help should be called early. In a "can-not-ventilate, can-not-intubate" situation an alternative airway should be tried and if unsuccessful because of severe upper airway pathology, a surgical airway should be performed. Ventilation should be monitored continuously with capnography. Clinical training is important to increase airway management skills.

title: Anaesthesia in XXXX and in the emergency room.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the histopathological indicators significantly associated with surgical outcome and the pattern of recurrence in the setting of preoperative @entity3 -based chemoradiation therapy (CRT) and subsequent pancreatectomy. BACKGROUND: Clinicopathological assessment of the resected specimen is an indispensable tool for predicting @entity0 prognosis and localizing high-risk sites for @entity1 relapse. This procedure is also essential for the establishment of efficient postoperative follow-up protocols in the setting of a preoperative CRT strategy. METHODS: In a prospective phase II clinical trial at our hospital, 110 @entity0 received preoperative CRT and subsequent resection. All 110 resected cases were included in this study. We employed @entity2 ( @entity2 ) as a surgical outcome, and the pattern of recurrence was divided into 2 categories: (1) recurrence in the abdominal cavity (RAC), defined as either a locoregional or a peritoneal recurrence; or (2) distant recurrence (DR), defined as @entity1 recurrence in a distant organ. Clinicopathological variables were analyzed in association with @entity2 , RAC, and DR. RESULTS: Positive nodal involvement and perineural invasion were independent factors that were significantly associated with an unfavorable @entity2 (P = 0.021 and P = 0.026, respectively). The presence of perineural invasion was the single independent variable significantly associated with an increased risk of RAC (P = 0.002), whereas the status of nodal involvement was the single independent variable significantly associated with an increased risk of DR (P = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS: The status of nodal involvement and perineural invasion in resected specimens are significantly associated with @entity2 and clearly predict the pattern of recurrence in the setting of a preoperative @entity3 -based CRT strategy. This study is registered at @entity4 and carries the ID number UMIN000001804.

title: Perineural invasion and lymph node involvement as indicators of surgical outcome and pattern of recurrence in the setting of preoperative XXXX -based chemoradiation therapy for resectable pancreatic cancer.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Documenting smoke intake by objective biochemical markers is important for quantification of exposure to toxins. The aim of this report is to show the most definitive distribution of the @entity1 metabolite, @entity2 , yet available from English smokers in the period before implementation of the legislation banning smoking in indoor public areas. A total of 6,423 cigarette smokers, ages 16 years and above, taking part in the Health Survey for England between 1998 and 2003 provided a saliva @entity2 value. Data on cigarette consumption, age, gender, social class, deprivation (as indicated by manual or nonmanual occupation, car ownership, and housing tenure), marital status, and region were collected. @entity2 concentrations showed no overall trend over the study period. The mean value was 289.15 ng/mL (SD 174.43); excluding those who had not smoked in the past 24 hours, the mean value was 302.08 ng/mL (SD 168.78). A higher @entity2 concentration was associated with being middle-aged (peaking at 40 years), being male, being single, greater economic deprivation, and not living in London. After adjusting for cigarette consumption, higher values were associated with middle age, being male, and greater deprivation. This study provides the most complete picture yet of the smoke intake of cigarette smokers in England. The fact that @entity2 peaks at around the age of 40 years raises the possibility that @entity1 intake continues to increase decades after a @entity0 starts to smoke. Greater @entity1 intake in more deprived smokers could explain why they find it harder to stop smoking.

title: XXXX intake in cigarette smokers in England: distribution and demographic correlates.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The indications for and the efficacy of radiation therapy after radical operation for @entity0 with @entity1 are not clear. We analyzed the treatment results of adjuvant radiotherapy and salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy. METHODS: Between September 1997 and November 2004, 57 @entity0 received adjuvant radiotherapy or salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy. Fifteen @entity0 received radiation therapy because of positive margins and/or extracapsular invasion in surgical specimens (adjuvant group). Forty-two @entity0 received radiation therapy because of rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) during follow-up (salvage group). Radiation therapy was delivered to the fossa of the prostate +/- seminal vesicles by a three-dimensional (3-D) conformal technique to a total dose of 60-66 Gy (median, 60 Gy). Biochemical control was defined as the maintenance of a PSA level of less than 0.2 ng/ml. RESULTS: The median follow-up period after radiation therapy was 33 months (range, 12-98 months). Three-year biochemical control rates were 87% for the adjuvant group and 61% for the salvage group. For @entity0 in the salvage group treated without hormone therapy, the preradiation PSA value was the most significant factor for the biochemical control rate. The 3-year biochemical control rate was 93% in @entity0 whose preradiation PSA was 0.5 ng/ml or less and 29% in @entity0 whose preradiation PSA was more than 0.5 ng/ml. No severe adverse effects (equal to or more than grade 3) were seen in treated @entity0 . CONCLUSION: Radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy seemed to be effective for adjuvant therapy and for salvage therapy in @entity0 with a preradiation PSA of 0.5 ng/ml or less. Also, radiation to the fossa of the prostate +/- seminal vesicles, to a total dose of 60-66 Gy, using a three-dimensional (3-D) conformal technique, seemed to be safe.

title: Treatment results of adjuvant radiotherapy and salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore the satisfactory surgical procedure for severe functional @entity4 (SFC). METHODS: The data of 50 SFC @entity0 , undergone subtotal colectomy and modified Duhamel procedure from Sep. 2000 to @entity5 . 2005, were analyzed retrospectively. Gastrointestinal quality of life (GIQOL) of these @entity0 were also evaluated. RESULTS: All the 50 @entity0 failed to respond to conservative treatment and accepted subtotal colectomy and modified Duhamel procedure after finding pathological changes by the examination of colonoscopy, colon transit time (CTT) and dynamic proctography (DPG). Twenty-seven out of 50 cases (54%) showed @entity6 and 29 out of 50 cases (58%) showed @entity3 . The mean follow-up time after surgical treatment was (2.4+/-1.2) years. GIQOL and @entity4 index improved dramatically after operations. Forty-four out of 50 @entity0 (88%) were satisfied with their postoperative evacuation. Nine @entity0 complained minor @entity2 ,3 @entity0 @entity1 and 2 @entity0 recurrence of @entity4 , who were healed by the use of bulk-forming laxatives and GI-mobility drugs. CONCLUSION: The combination of modified Duhamel procedure and subtotal colectomy is an effective surgical procedure for the treatment of SFC.

title: [Efficacy and safety of combined use of subtotal colectomy and modified Duhamel procedure in the surgical treatment of severe functional XXXX ].

answer: @entity4