abstract: PURPOSE: The impact of age on @entity3 ( @entity3 ) outcome has been controversial; therefore, we analyzed the effect of age on @entity5 ( @entity5 ), distant @entity1 , prostate @entity2 (PCSD), and nonprostate @entity2 (NPCD) on @entity0 with locally advanced @entity3 . METHODS AND MATERIALS: @entity0 who participated in four Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) phase III trials, 8531, 8610, 9202, and 9413, were studied. Cox proportional hazards regression was used for @entity5 analysis, and cumulative events analysis with Fine and Gray's regression was used for analyses of @entity1 , PCSD, and NPCD. RESULTS: Median follow-up of 4,128 @entity0 with median age of 70 (range, 43-88 years) was 7.3 years. Most @entity0 had high-risk disease: @entity6 to cT4 (54%) and Gleason scores (GS) of 7 (45%) and 8 to 10 (27%). Older age ( <=70 vs. >70 years) predicted for decreased @entity5 (10-year rate, 55% vs. 41%, respectively; p<0.0001) and increased NPCD (10-year rate, 28% vs. 46%, respectively; p<0.0001) but decreased @entity1 (10-year rate, 27% vs. 20%, respectively; p<0.0001) and PCSD (10-year rate, 18% vs. 14%, respectively; p<0.0001). To account for competing risks, outcomes were analyzed in 2-year intervals, and age-dependent differences in @entity1 and PCSD persisted, even in the earliest time periods. When adjusted for other covariates, an age of >70 years remained associated with decreased @entity5 (hazard ratio [HR], 1.56 [95% confidence interval [CI], 1.43-1.70] p<0.0001) but with decreased @entity1 (HR, 0.72 [95% CI, 0.63-0.83] p<0.0001) and PCSD (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.66-0.92] p<0.0001). Finally, the impact of the duration of @entity4 deprivation therapy as a function of age was evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: These data support less aggressive @entity3 in older @entity0 , independent of other clinical features. While the biological underpinning of this finding remains unknown, stratification by age in future trials appears to be warranted.

title: Older age predicts decreased @entity1 and prostate @entity2 for XXXX treated with radiation therapy: meta-analysis of radiation therapy oncology group trials.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Variants in the @entity2 @entity0 suppressor are associated with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), although for many variants the linkage is weak. The effects of missense variants on protein function and pathogenicity are often unclear. Multiple methods (e.g., laboratory, computational, epidemiological) have been developed to analyze whether a missense variant is pathogenic or not. It is not yet clear how to integrate these data types into a strategy for variant classification. We studied 51 @entity2 missense variants using a cell cycle arrest assay. There was a continuum of results ranging from full wild-type effect through partial activity to @entity3 . A reproducible decrease of 30% of cell cycle arrest activity correlated with @entity1 association. We analyzed missense @entity2 germline variants using a Bayesian method to combine multiple data types and derive a probability of pathogenicity. When equal to or more than two data types could be evaluated with this method, 22 of 25 @entity1 -associated variants and 8 of 15 variants of uncertain significance were classified as likely pathogenic with >95% probability. The other 10 variants were classified as uncertain (probability 5-95%). For most variants, there were insufficient data to draw a conclusion. The Bayesian model appears to be a sound method of classifying missense variants in @entity0 susceptibility genes.

title: Classifying variants of XXXX using computational and laboratory studies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The changes were studied in the levels of @entity5 and @entity6 in the control system of reproduction cycle (hypothalamus, hypophysis) and in adrenal glands of @entity0 after all-body irradiation with 60Co at the total dose of 6.7 Gy for seven days. The power input per hour of irradiation source was 0.039 Gy. The @entity5 ( @entity2 , @entity1 and @entity3 ) and @entity6 were determined, after having been isolated from the tissues, by the method of spectral fluorimetry. After all-body exposition to gamma-radiation @entity2 dropped in hypothalamus in comparison with the control group of @entity0 , most significantly in the rostral (by 74.2%) and caudal part (by 40%). A similar drop like in the case of @entity2 was also observed in @entity1 , the concentrations of which decreased in @entity4 by 72%, in medial hypothalamus by 94% and in @entity4 by 60%. @entity3 shows a drop in hypothalamus, most significant in caudal region (by 62%). In relation with that the level of a precursor for the synthesis of @entity5 and @entity6 has been changed which achieved, in the studied regions of hypothalamus in @entity0 , significantly lower levels than were determined in the control group of @entity0 . As regards the hypophysis, after irradiation no significant changes in the levels of @entity2 and @entity3 were recorded, however, @entity1 and @entity6 dropped significantly (P less than 0.01). The exposition to gamma-radiation also causes a decrease in the concentrations of @entity5 and @entity6 in the adrenal glands of @entity0 , most significant in @entity2 (by 61%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Levels of XXXX in the hypothalamus, hypophysis and in the adrenal in @entity0 after whole-body exposure to gamma rays].

answer: @entity5


abstract: The changes were studied in the levels of @entity5 and @entity6 in the control system of reproduction cycle (hypothalamus, hypophysis) and in adrenal glands of @entity0 after all-body irradiation with 60Co at the total dose of 6.7 Gy for seven days. The power input per hour of irradiation source was 0.039 Gy. The @entity5 ( @entity2 , @entity1 and @entity3 ) and @entity6 were determined, after having been isolated from the tissues, by the method of spectral fluorimetry. After all-body exposition to gamma-radiation @entity2 dropped in hypothalamus in comparison with the control group of @entity0 , most significantly in the rostral (by 74.2%) and caudal part (by 40%). A similar drop like in the case of @entity2 was also observed in @entity1 , the concentrations of which decreased in @entity4 by 72%, in medial hypothalamus by 94% and in @entity4 by 60%. @entity3 shows a drop in hypothalamus, most significant in caudal region (by 62%). In relation with that the level of a precursor for the synthesis of @entity5 and @entity6 has been changed which achieved, in the studied regions of hypothalamus in @entity0 , significantly lower levels than were determined in the control group of @entity0 . As regards the hypophysis, after irradiation no significant changes in the levels of @entity2 and @entity3 were recorded, however, @entity1 and @entity6 dropped significantly (P less than 0.01). The exposition to gamma-radiation also causes a decrease in the concentrations of @entity5 and @entity6 in the adrenal glands of @entity0 , most significant in @entity2 (by 61%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Levels of @entity5 in the hypothalamus, hypophysis and in the adrenal in XXXX after whole-body exposure to gamma rays].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine trends in @entity1 management, by race and sex, in the southeast United States. DESIGN: Population-based survey. SETTING: Southeast United States (ie, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Tennessee). @entity0 : Whites and Blacks surveyed through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System between 2000 and 2007 in the southeast United States. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total @entity1 management included personal factors (checking blood @entity3 and feet), healthcare provider factors (visiting a doctor, checking hemoglobin A1c, checking feet) and vaccinations ( @entity4 , @entity2 ). RESULTS: Vaccination levels were low throughout the study period, and a racial disparity in vaccination rates developed because trends in prevalence increased more rapidly in Whites relative to Blacks. Personal @entity1 management increased significantly in all race/sex groups with greater increases in Black than White @entity0 , resulting in White @entity0 having lower point estimates of prevalence than Black @entity0 . Healthcare provider @entity1 management increased significantly in all race/sex groups with the exception of Black @entity0 . Considering vaccinations together with personal and provider @entity1 management criteria, @entity1 management improved significantly in all race/sex groups, but remained low in 2007 (ie, 8.8%, Black @entity0 ; 14.0%, White @entity0 ; 11.5%, Black @entity0 ; 12.8% White @entity0 ). CONCLUSION: Emphasis should be placed on improving vaccination levels, @entity1 @entity0 self-management and provider-management in the southeast United States. Although @entity1 management improved over the study time period, in 2007 the percent of individuals meeting all of the @entity1 management criteria examined remained very low ranging from 8.8% in Black @entity0 to 14.0% in White @entity0 .

title: XXXX management and vaccination rates in the Southeast United States, 2000 through 2007.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The results of the research of early vascular alterations in LDL-R carriers in comparison with those in non-carriers with severe @entity5 are controversial. AIM: To investigate the difference between severe @entity5 @entity0 that carry LDL-R defective gene and those that do not have it, in their functional (flow-mediated vasodilation) and structural ( @entity1 of carotid artery and ankle-brachial index) characteristics of arterial wall. @entity0 AND METHODS: The study included 120 @entity3 @entity0 . Biochemistry parameters were studied by routine methods. The flow-mediated vasodilation (% @entity7 ), ankle-brachial index (ABI) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) of common carotid artery were determined using Hewlett Packard Sonos 5 500; MedicaSoft. @entity1 .lab was the software programme used in the study. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the groups with respect to total @entity2 , LDL, HDL, @entity4 , @entity6 , cellular adhesion molecules (sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sP- and sE- @entity8 ). The @entity4 / @entity6 index differed significantly (t = 11.23, p < 0.001) between the two groups; there was difference even after adjustment for age. There was no significant difference in the endothelial dependent and independent vasodilatation between the examined groups (p > 0.05). We found a significantly greater carotid @entity1 and lower ABI in the carriers than the respective parameters in the non-carriers. This significant difference was confirmed after adjustment for age. CONCLUSION: Our data show that LDL-R carriers have a higher carotid @entity1 and lower ABI than non-carriers, whereas no difference between the groups was found with respect to the level of lipid parameters and % @entity7 .

title: Non-invasive vessel examinations in carriers of LDL-receptor defective gene versus non-carriers with newly detected asymptomatic severe XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIM: To calibrate eight-polar bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the assessment of @entity1 in healthy adults. RESEARCH DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was carried out. SUBJECTS: Sixty-eight females and 42 males aged 21-82 years participated in the study. METHODS: Whole-body @entity0 ( @entity0 ) and appendicular lean tissue mass (LTM) were measured by DXA; resistance (R) of arms, trunk and legs was measured by eight-polar BIA at frequencies of 5, 50, 250 and 500 kHz; whole-body resistance was calculated as the sum R of arms, trunk and legs. RESULTS: The resistance index (RI), i.e. the height(2)/resistance ratio, was the best predictor of @entity0 and appendicular LTM. As compared with weight (Wt), RI at 500 kHz explained 35% more variance of @entity0 (vs 0.57), 45% more variance of LTM(arm) (vs 0.48) and 36% more variance of LTM(leg) (vs 0.50) (p < 0.0001 for all). The contribution of age to the unexplained variance of @entity0 and appendicular LTM was nil or negligible and the RI x sex interactions were either not significant or not important on practical grounds. The percent root mean square error of the estimate was 6% for @entity0 and 8% for LTM(arm) and LTM(leg). CONCLUSION: Eight-polar BIA offers accurate estimates of @entity1 . The attractive hypothesis that eight-polar BIA is influenced minimally by age and sex should be tested on larger samples including younger individuals.

title: Cross-calibration of eight-polar bioelectrical impedance analysis versus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for the assessment of XXXX in healthy subjects aged 21-82 years.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Conventional cytogenetic, molecular cytogenic and genetic methods disclosed a broad spectrum of @entity1 leading to gain and loss of chromosomal segments in advanced stage @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Specific correlation between the genetic findings could delineate distinct genetic pathways, of which the biology and prognostic significance is as yet undetermined. Using spectral karyotyping (SKY) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on metaphases from 16 @entity0 with advanced stage @entity2 , it was possible to explore the whole spectrum of rearrangement within complex karyotypes and to detect hidden recurrent translocations. All translocations were unbalanced. The most prevalent recurrent unbalanced translocations resulted in 17q gain in 12 @entity0 (75%), 11q loss in nine @entity0 (56%), and 1p deletion/imbalance in eight @entity0 (50%). The most frequent recurrent translocation was der(11)t(11;17) in six @entity0 . Three cytogenetic pathways could be delineated. The first, with six @entity0 , was characterized by the unbalanced translocation der(11)t(11;17), detected only by SKY, resulting in the concomitant 17q gain and 11q loss. No @entity3 amplification or 1p deletion (except one @entity0 with 1p imbalance) were found, while 3p deletion, and complex karyotypes were common. The second subgroup, with four @entity0 , had 17q gain and 1p deletion, and in two @entity0 11q loss, that was apparent only by FISH. 1p deletion occurred through der(1)t(1;17) or @entity4 ). The third subgroup of four @entity0 was characterized by @entity3 amplification with 17q gain and 1p deletion, very rarely with 11q loss (one @entity0 ) through a translocation with a non-17q partner. The SKY subclassifications were in accordance with the findings reported by molecular genetic techniques, and may indicate that distinct oncogenes and suppressor genes are involved in the der(11)t(11;17) pathway of advanced stage @entity2 .

title: der(11)t(11;17): a distinct cytogenetic pathway of advanced stage XXXX ( @entity2 ) - detected by spectral karyotyping (SKY).

answer: @entity2


abstract: Conventional cytogenetic, molecular cytogenic and genetic methods disclosed a broad spectrum of @entity1 leading to gain and loss of chromosomal segments in advanced stage @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Specific correlation between the genetic findings could delineate distinct genetic pathways, of which the biology and prognostic significance is as yet undetermined. Using spectral karyotyping (SKY) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on metaphases from 16 @entity0 with advanced stage @entity2 , it was possible to explore the whole spectrum of rearrangement within complex karyotypes and to detect hidden recurrent translocations. All translocations were unbalanced. The most prevalent recurrent unbalanced translocations resulted in 17q gain in 12 @entity0 (75%), 11q loss in nine @entity0 (56%), and 1p deletion/imbalance in eight @entity0 (50%). The most frequent recurrent translocation was der(11)t(11;17) in six @entity0 . Three cytogenetic pathways could be delineated. The first, with six @entity0 , was characterized by the unbalanced translocation der(11)t(11;17), detected only by SKY, resulting in the concomitant 17q gain and 11q loss. No @entity3 amplification or 1p deletion (except one @entity0 with 1p imbalance) were found, while 3p deletion, and complex karyotypes were common. The second subgroup, with four @entity0 , had 17q gain and 1p deletion, and in two @entity0 11q loss, that was apparent only by FISH. 1p deletion occurred through der(1)t(1;17) or @entity4 ). The third subgroup of four @entity0 was characterized by @entity3 amplification with 17q gain and 1p deletion, very rarely with 11q loss (one @entity0 ) through a translocation with a non-17q partner. The SKY subclassifications were in accordance with the findings reported by molecular genetic techniques, and may indicate that distinct oncogenes and suppressor genes are involved in the der(11)t(11;17) pathway of advanced stage @entity2 .

title: der(11)t(11;17): a distinct cytogenetic pathway of advanced stage @entity2 ( XXXX ) - detected by spectral karyotyping (SKY).

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To determine the visual outcome and factors influencing visual outcome after @entity1 surgery in an urban charity hospital in Pakistan. METHODS: A series of selected outpatients were examined who had undergone @entity1 surgery in the preceding 24 months. RESULTS: 181 @entity0 aged 45-82 years were examined. The type of @entity1 operations they had had were extracapsular @entity1 extraction (ECCE) only in 50% (91), phacoemulsification (phaco) only in 11% (20), ECCE with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in 17% (31), and phaco with @entity3 in 22% (39). At presentation, 49.7% (90) had poor functional vision; after refraction 68% (123) had a good visual outcome. Functional vision in eyes undergoing ECCE with @entity3 was good in 77% (22) and with phaco with @entity3 in 71.8% (28). After refraction a higher proportion of eyes with @entity3 surgery (93%) had a good outcome than those with non- @entity3 surgery (53%). Uncorrected @entity2 , present in 75.5% (68), was the commonest cause of poor functional vision. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that it is possible to obtain good results with @entity3 surgery in the developing world. Increasing @entity1 surgery with @entity3 implantation should reduce the number of eyes with poor functional vision after @entity1 surgery. More attention should be directed towards ensuring that successful outcomes are indeed being realised by continued visual monitoring postoperatively.

title: Visual outcome after high volume XXXX surgery in Pakistan.

answer: @entity1


abstract: An unusual case of @entity4 is presented. Initially seen when the @entity0 was 8 years old, the lesion was repeatedly biopsied and curetted with a diagnosis of odontogenic @entity1 . In 1971 a diagnosis of @entity2 of the chondroblastic type was made. At that time, the @entity0 underwent a partial mandibulectomy with immediate graft. The @entity0 did well until 1981, when a recurrence of the lesion was noted. The microscopic diagnosis at this time was @entity4 . The treatment of this lesion as a staged procedure with initial resection of the mandible and placement of a @entity3 rubber mandibular prosthesis is discussed. The second stage of the procedure was definitive mandibular reconstruction, with an allogeneic mandible as a crib for autologous particulate cancellous bone from the iliac crest. Although the prognosis of @entity4 is usually grave, this case is unusual because of its long history of multiple procedures performed prior to the definitive treatment of the lesion 14 years after its discovery. Two-year follow-up since the definitive mandibular reconstruction shows adequate range of motion, excellent healing, and no recurrence.

title: Delayed mandibular reconstruction following removal of a XXXX . Report of a case.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In the present study, @entity3 venom ( @entity4 ) was tested for its ability to cause ultrastructural changes in mitochondria of @entity0 adrenal cortex in vivo. In order to achieve this goal, different @entity4 treatments were performed and the effects were quantified on transmission electron micrographs. In a first experimental group, @entity4 injected for 30 days in low daily doses (700  g/kg) generated important ultrastructural changes in zona fasciculata. The mitochondrial ultrastructure was not affected, but the diameters of mitochondrial cristae (MC) were reduced (57.066    7.795 nm) as compared to the MC diameters in the corresponding control groups (58.596    6.603 nm, and 58.503    5.708 nm). In adrenal glands collected from @entity0 injected with a single, high dose of @entity4 (62 mg/kg), many ultrastructural changes were described. Mitochondria with normal, tubular MC (with diameter of 58.711    5.907 nm) were observed in many cells, very close to the values calculated for the corresponding control group (58.639    6.117 nm). However, the striking data reported herein concerned the ability of @entity4 high doses to promote dramatic alterations in the ultrastructure of these particular mitochondria, similar to those described in certain severe diseases. Thus, several types of abnormal mitochondria were observed, including mitochondria displaying lamellar and/or circular, concentric cristae and mitochondria devoid of cristae. The abnormal circular, concentric MC, with large inner (281.904    158.588 nm) and outer (432.076    230.372 nm) diameters, appeared to be the most stable form of MC in the adrenal cortex after the acute treatment with @entity4 . Among other ultrastructural aspects, these important changes indicated a high level of @entity1 of @entity4 in adrenocortical cells following in vivo experimental @entity2 .

title: Abnormal mitochondrial cristae were experimentally generated by high doses of XXXX venom in the @entity0 adrenal cortex.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In the present study, @entity3 venom ( @entity4 ) was tested for its ability to cause ultrastructural changes in mitochondria of @entity0 adrenal cortex in vivo. In order to achieve this goal, different @entity4 treatments were performed and the effects were quantified on transmission electron micrographs. In a first experimental group, @entity4 injected for 30 days in low daily doses (700  g/kg) generated important ultrastructural changes in zona fasciculata. The mitochondrial ultrastructure was not affected, but the diameters of mitochondrial cristae (MC) were reduced (57.066    7.795 nm) as compared to the MC diameters in the corresponding control groups (58.596    6.603 nm, and 58.503    5.708 nm). In adrenal glands collected from @entity0 injected with a single, high dose of @entity4 (62 mg/kg), many ultrastructural changes were described. Mitochondria with normal, tubular MC (with diameter of 58.711    5.907 nm) were observed in many cells, very close to the values calculated for the corresponding control group (58.639    6.117 nm). However, the striking data reported herein concerned the ability of @entity4 high doses to promote dramatic alterations in the ultrastructure of these particular mitochondria, similar to those described in certain severe diseases. Thus, several types of abnormal mitochondria were observed, including mitochondria displaying lamellar and/or circular, concentric cristae and mitochondria devoid of cristae. The abnormal circular, concentric MC, with large inner (281.904    158.588 nm) and outer (432.076    230.372 nm) diameters, appeared to be the most stable form of MC in the adrenal cortex after the acute treatment with @entity4 . Among other ultrastructural aspects, these important changes indicated a high level of @entity1 of @entity4 in adrenocortical cells following in vivo experimental @entity2 .

title: Abnormal mitochondrial cristae were experimentally generated by high doses of @entity3 venom in the XXXX adrenal cortex.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between dispensing of a selective @entity2 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressant medication and inpatient and outpatient service use in a cohort of veterans with confirmed @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective study. SETTING: Southeastern U. S. Veterans Health Administration (VHA) network, from October 1, 2000, to September 30, 2001. @entity0 : 785 veterans with confirmed @entity1 . INTERVENTION: VHA and Medicare databases were used to obtain outcome information during the 12 months after the index @entity1 date. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Number of inpatient admissions, length of inpatient stays, and number of outpatient clinic stops for all causes. RESULTS: Among the study cohort (n = 785), 12% had an SSRI dispensed 30 days or less poststroke, 19% had an SSRI dispensed between 31 and 365 days poststroke, and 69% were not dispensed an SSRI poststroke. After adjusting for risk factors, no significant association was found between time to first SSRI dispensing and inpatient use. However, @entity0 with an early SSRI dispensing were more likely to have a greater number of all-cause outpatient stops compared with @entity0 with later or no SSRI dispensing. Regardless of time to first dispensing, @entity0 dispensed an SSRI had more outpatient clinic stops than @entity0 without the medication. CONCLUSION: SSRI dispensing was not predictive of inpatient use but was a strong predictor of all-cause outpatient clinic stops.

title: Impact of antidepressant dispensing on health service use among veterans with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness of a computed tomographic (CT) image-guided transgluteal approach for percutaneous @entity6 as an alternative to surgical drainage. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of 140 @entity0 who underwent percutaneous CT-guided transgluteal drainage of 154 deep pelvic abscesses were reviewed to determine the origins, location, and size of the abscesses; volume of initial aspirate; organisms identified in fluid culture; duration of catheter drainage; incidence of catheter-related @entity4 and procedure-related complications; and short- and long-term outcomes. The resultant data were analyzed with a Fisher exact test for difference in the incidence of postprocedural catheter-site @entity4 between transpiriformis and infrapiriformis approaches. RESULTS: The origins of the pelvic abscesses included postoperative fluid collection (n = 115), perforating @entity8 (n = 6), @entity10 (n = 16), @entity3 (n = 5), @entity2 (n = 10), and @entity1 due to irradiation (n = 2). The abscesses were 4-12 cm in diameter. The volume of the aspirate was 5-310 mL. Laboratory cultures of the aspirate grew mixed flora, but the organism most frequently isolated was @entity5 . Catheters were removed after a mean of 8 days. In 134 (96%) of 140 @entity0 , there was complete resolution of the @entity9 following transgluteal drainage, without subsequent surgery. In six of 140 (4%) @entity0 , incomplete resolution necessitated subsequent surgery for postoperative fluid collection (n = 3), @entity10 (n = 2), or perforating @entity8 (n = 1). Complications of transgluteal drainage were rare and included @entity7 in three (2%) of the 140 @entity0 . There was no procedure-related mortality. A transpiriformis approach was significantly more likely to be associated with postprocedural @entity4 (P <.001) than was an infrapiriformis approach. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous CT-guided transgluteal drainage is a safe and effective alternative to surgery for deep pelvic abscesses. Major complications are rare.

title: Transgluteal approach for percutaneous XXXX : 154 cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the appearance and determine the importance of the "flow-void" sign on magnetic resonance (MR) images of @entity0 with osseous metastasis from @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three musculoskeletal radiologists retrospectively and independently reviewed the medical records of 16 @entity0 who had undergone MR imaging and in whom 20 osseous metastatic lesions from @entity2 had been diagnosed on the basis of clinical and radiologic findings. They assessed the MR images for the presence and frequency of the flow-void sign--multiple dot-like or tubular structures with low signal intensity. They then compared these findings on MR images with the corresponding areas on available images obtained with radiography (n = 16), computed tomography (CT) (n = 6), and digital subtraction angiography (n = 3) and with the results of histopathologic analysis for the same @entity0 group. They noted the location, diameter, and appearance of the lesion and the flow-void sign, as well as variations in signal intensity within the lesion and among lesions. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the level of interobserver agreement. RESULTS: Radiographic findings and the level of signal intensity on MR images were nonspecific for diagnosis of osseous metastasis from @entity2 . The flow-void sign was identified at the lesion core or margin with a mean frequency of 76.7% by the three observers (in 15, 16, and 15 of 20 lesions, by observers 1, 2, and 3, respectively). Most of these areas of low signal intensity were tubular structures of less than 3 mm in diameter; in three lesions, they measured 5-8 mm in diameter. In 14 lesions, these structures corresponded to dilated blood vessels or veins identifiable on CT images (six lesions) or digital subtraction angiographic images (four lesions) or at histopathologic analysis (four lesions). The flow-void sign on MR images corresponded to vessels depicted on the CT scans available for six lesions and on the angiographic images available for four lesions. CONCLUSION: Observation of the flow-void sign in lesions depicted on musculoskeletal MR images may prove helpful for diagnosing osseous metastasis from @entity2 and for treatment planning, especially in @entity0 with occult or forgotten primary @entity1 .

title: Osseous metastasis from XXXX : "flow-void" sign at MR imaging.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in England is increasing. There is a higher incidence of @entity2 in British Indo-Asians than in the White population. AIM: To determine to what degree the increasing demand for renal replacement therapy in the UK is due to Indo-Asian @entity0 . To study the presentation to renal services of Indo-Asian @entity0 with @entity2 and report any inequalities in initial treatment of Indo-Asian @entity0 with @entity2 compared to their White counterparts. DESIGN: Prospective, inception cohort study. METHODS: Consecutive adult @entity0 with @entity2 who started renal replacement therapy between 1 April 2000 and 31 December 2001 in all 14 renal units serving an area from North @entity4 , including Greater Manchester and Lancashire, were recruited and interviewed. RESULTS: Of the 578 @entity0 , 9.5% were Indo-Asian. The annual acceptance rate for renal replacement therapy was 342 per million population in Indo-Asians, compared with 91 per million population in the White population ( p < 0.001). Indo-Asian @entity0 with @entity2 were younger (median age 51 years vs. 60 yrs, p = 0.006) and more socially deprived (81% vs. 36.5% in the 5th Carstairs quintile, p < 0.001). A greater proportion of Indo-Asian @entity0 with @entity2 presented late to specialist renal services (31% vs. 19%, p = 0.03). Once adjusting for their younger age, @entity3 and/or hypertensive @entity1 was more prevalent in Indo-Asian @entity0 (OR 4.9; p = 0.03). There was no difference in the initial mode of maintenance dialysis or the perception of choice the @entity0 felt they had, based on their ethnicity. DISCUSSION: There is a silent epidemic of @entity2 in Indo-Asian @entity0 in the North-West, possibly vascular in aetiology, in which specialist intervention is late. This suggests that Indo-Asian @entity0 should be prioritized for early intervention strategies to reduce the burden of @entity2 .

title: XXXX in Indo-Asians in the North-West of England.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess whether use of recombinant @entity0 @entity4 (rhBMP-2) during lumbar spinal fusion surgery affects subsequent risk of @entity3 . METHODS: Using US Medicare claims data, we performed a retrospective cohort study of @entity0 who underwent lumbar spinal fusion surgery between October 2003 and December 2005. The study population, all >66 years, was identified from procedure codes for lumbar fusion. Claims for a @entity5 ( @entity5 ) served as a proxy for rhBMP-2 exposure (another @entity5 product shared the same code). @entity3 was identified from claims indicating this diagnosis and @entity1 -specific therapy. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95%CIs. RESULTS: Of the 93,654 @entity0 in the study, the mean age was 75 years, and 16.5% had claims for @entity5 . During a mean 1.4 years of follow-up, 91 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity3 (eight in the @entity5 - and 83 in the non- @entity5 cohort). Consistent with previous research, @entity3 was associated with older age, male gender, black race, and @entity2 . Compared to those who did not receive @entity5 , @entity0 exposed to @entity5 were not at increased risk of @entity3 (adjusted HR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.34-1.45). A chart review substudy validated the exposure measure; 52/55 @entity0 with claims for @entity5 received rhBMP-2. CONCLUSIONS: In this large study of elderly @entity0 who underwent lumbar fusion surgery, exposure to @entity5 was not associated with an increased risk of @entity3 .

title: Recombinant @entity0 @entity4 and XXXX : a retrospective cohort study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess whether use of recombinant @entity0 @entity4 (rhBMP-2) during lumbar spinal fusion surgery affects subsequent risk of @entity3 . METHODS: Using US Medicare claims data, we performed a retrospective cohort study of @entity0 who underwent lumbar spinal fusion surgery between October 2003 and December 2005. The study population, all >66 years, was identified from procedure codes for lumbar fusion. Claims for a @entity5 ( @entity5 ) served as a proxy for rhBMP-2 exposure (another @entity5 product shared the same code). @entity3 was identified from claims indicating this diagnosis and @entity1 -specific therapy. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95%CIs. RESULTS: Of the 93,654 @entity0 in the study, the mean age was 75 years, and 16.5% had claims for @entity5 . During a mean 1.4 years of follow-up, 91 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity3 (eight in the @entity5 - and 83 in the non- @entity5 cohort). Consistent with previous research, @entity3 was associated with older age, male gender, black race, and @entity2 . Compared to those who did not receive @entity5 , @entity0 exposed to @entity5 were not at increased risk of @entity3 (adjusted HR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.34-1.45). A chart review substudy validated the exposure measure; 52/55 @entity0 with claims for @entity5 received rhBMP-2. CONCLUSIONS: In this large study of elderly @entity0 who underwent lumbar fusion surgery, exposure to @entity5 was not associated with an increased risk of @entity3 .

title: Recombinant @entity0 XXXX and @entity3 : a retrospective cohort study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess whether use of recombinant @entity0 @entity4 (rhBMP-2) during lumbar spinal fusion surgery affects subsequent risk of @entity3 . METHODS: Using US Medicare claims data, we performed a retrospective cohort study of @entity0 who underwent lumbar spinal fusion surgery between October 2003 and December 2005. The study population, all >66 years, was identified from procedure codes for lumbar fusion. Claims for a @entity5 ( @entity5 ) served as a proxy for rhBMP-2 exposure (another @entity5 product shared the same code). @entity3 was identified from claims indicating this diagnosis and @entity1 -specific therapy. We used Cox proportional hazard regression to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95%CIs. RESULTS: Of the 93,654 @entity0 in the study, the mean age was 75 years, and 16.5% had claims for @entity5 . During a mean 1.4 years of follow-up, 91 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity3 (eight in the @entity5 - and 83 in the non- @entity5 cohort). Consistent with previous research, @entity3 was associated with older age, male gender, black race, and @entity2 . Compared to those who did not receive @entity5 , @entity0 exposed to @entity5 were not at increased risk of @entity3 (adjusted HR=0.70, 95%CI: 0.34-1.45). A chart review substudy validated the exposure measure; 52/55 @entity0 with claims for @entity5 received rhBMP-2. CONCLUSIONS: In this large study of elderly @entity0 who underwent lumbar fusion surgery, exposure to @entity5 was not associated with an increased risk of @entity3 .

title: Recombinant XXXX @entity4 and @entity3 : a retrospective cohort study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review is to stress the importance of @entity3 in @entity2 survivors, and to discuss the way of assessing and managing these troubles in clinical practice. METHOD: Original studies and reviews reporting the effect of @entity2 and chemotherapy on cognition and published since January 2000 were selected from the Medline(  ) database using 'cognition' or 'cognitive function' and ' @entity2 ' as subject headings. RESULTS: Main reports concerned @entity1 with @entity0 or @entity1 with @entity6 . Overall, chemotherapy was found to be associated with subtle and transient @entity3 , which were detectable only with neuropsychological testing and affected most particularly memory, concentration and speed of information processing. Some factors associated with the @entity1 , like @entity4 , may favor @entity3 , while the role of others, like age or educational level, remains to be defined. Screening of @entity1 at risk remains limited due to the lack of standardized neuropsychological tests in clinical oncology practice. Few studies have addressed the benefits of interventional strategies but @entity7 , @entity8 and @entity5 , as well as rehabilitation in @entity1 , have shown encouraging results. Formal studies assessing the value of a multidisciplinary approach to detect and manage @entity3 must be recommended. CONCLUSION: @entity3 induced by @entity2 or the treatment represents a real challenge in clinical practice. Based on limited published data, few clinical recommendations can be made regarding prevention, evaluation and management of this trouble. Longitudinal studies must be conducted to evaluate its real impact on quality of life.

title: @entity3 and XXXX : which consequences in terms of disease management?

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aim of this review is to stress the importance of @entity3 in @entity2 survivors, and to discuss the way of assessing and managing these troubles in clinical practice. METHOD: Original studies and reviews reporting the effect of @entity2 and chemotherapy on cognition and published since January 2000 were selected from the Medline(  ) database using 'cognition' or 'cognitive function' and ' @entity2 ' as subject headings. RESULTS: Main reports concerned @entity1 with @entity0 or @entity1 with @entity6 . Overall, chemotherapy was found to be associated with subtle and transient @entity3 , which were detectable only with neuropsychological testing and affected most particularly memory, concentration and speed of information processing. Some factors associated with the @entity1 , like @entity4 , may favor @entity3 , while the role of others, like age or educational level, remains to be defined. Screening of @entity1 at risk remains limited due to the lack of standardized neuropsychological tests in clinical oncology practice. Few studies have addressed the benefits of interventional strategies but @entity7 , @entity8 and @entity5 , as well as rehabilitation in @entity1 , have shown encouraging results. Formal studies assessing the value of a multidisciplinary approach to detect and manage @entity3 must be recommended. CONCLUSION: @entity3 induced by @entity2 or the treatment represents a real challenge in clinical practice. Based on limited published data, few clinical recommendations can be made regarding prevention, evaluation and management of this trouble. Longitudinal studies must be conducted to evaluate its real impact on quality of life.

title: XXXX and @entity2 : which consequences in terms of disease management?

answer: @entity3


abstract: The use of a single dose of antenatal @entity2 to facilitate fetal lung maturation in the expectant management of threatened preterm birth has significantly improved the mortality and morbidity of premature @entity0 worldwide. In some settings, the evidence for this practice has been extrapolated with self-reports of up to 6 repeated courses during the antepartum period. Concerns about the use of repeated antenatal courses prompted the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to publish a consensus statement (2000) that reaffirmed the safety and efficacy of a single course of antenatal @entity2 , but emphasized that there are no data to support the safety and efficacy of repeated courses. The statement cautions against the use of multiple courses outside of research protocols. Despite these recommendations, wide variations in clinical practice continue to exist. There are growing concerns about the potential deleterious effects of @entity1 exposure on the developing @entity0 brain. It is plausible, although not proven, that negative @entity3 may occur, or be compounded by multiple antenatal or combined antenatal and postnatal @entity1 exposures. This article provides a review of the evidence to support appropriate @entity1 use. The physiology and pharmacology of both endogenous and exogenous @entity2 are outlined to enhance the clinician's understanding of these potent agents. Recommendations for targeted clinical evaluation and short- and long-term follow-up of @entity1 exposed @entity0 are provided. A clear understanding of the known and potential risks and benefits of single and multiple courses of antenatal @entity2 is essential to prompt a critical re-examination of the safety and efficacy of repeated @entity1 exposure in the neonate.

title: Current controversies surrounding the use of repeated courses of antenatal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The efficiency of antitumor immunity induced by dendritic cells (DCs) transfected with total RNA of @entity4 cells was explored. METHOD: DCs, induced from @entity0 peripheral blood mononuclear cells, were transfected with total RNA of @entity4 cells. The specific antitumor immunity of cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTLs) that were actived by RNA-transfected DCs were detected by @entity3 methods in vitro. In vivo, antitumor-specific CTLs were subcutaneously injected into the @entity2 previously. After 7 days, the @entity4 cells were seeded and the @entity1 occurrence rate was observed. @entity1 -loaded @entity2 were treated by specific CTLs once (the treated group) or twice (the retreated group). The growth of the implanted @entity1 was observed too. RESULT: DCs that transfected with @entity1 RNA can significantly active CTLs which induced antitumor-specific immune response against @entity4 in vitro. In vivo, the @entity1 occurrence rate of the treatment group was predominantly reduced compared with that of the control (P < 0.01). The implanted @entity1 size of the treated and retreated groups were both significantly reduced (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) compared with the control too, especially the retreated ones (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The @entity1 RNA loaded DCs can significantly active CTLs and the antitumor specific CTLs can both induce antitumor specific immune response against @entity4 in vitro and inhibit the growth of the implanted @entity1 in vivo.

title: [Experimental studies on the antitumor immunity induced by total XXXX RNA- transfected dendritic cells].

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate sensitivity encoding (SENSE) technique in a clinical setting for magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in @entity0 who are suspected of having @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This intraindividual comparative study included 62 @entity0 suspected of having @entity2 . @entity0 underwent T2-weighted fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) (n = 62), T2-weighted @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (n = 48), and single-shot echo-planar diffusion-weighted imaging (n = 27) with standard sequential and SENSE MR acquisitions with a 1.5-T magnet and phased-array coil. With SENSE, acquisition time was reduced from 1 minute 12 seconds to 35 seconds for FLAIR and from 1 minute 18 seconds to 39 seconds for T2-weighted @entity3 imaging. For diffusion-weighted imaging, echo train length was shortened (78 vs 71 msec) to reduce susceptibility effects while acquisition time was maintained. Two radiologists scored quality of standard and SENSE images with a five-point scale and assessed presence of artifacts (motion, susceptibility) and lesion conspicuity. To assess statistical significance, Wilcoxon signed rank and chi2 tests were used. RESULTS: Statistical analysis revealed no significant difference in terms of image quality and presence of artifacts between standard and SENSE T2-weighted @entity3 (image quality, P =.724; presence of artifacts, P =.378) and FLAIR (image quality, P =.127; presence of artifacts, P =.275) images. Image quality at SENSE diffusion-weighted imaging was scored significantly higher compared with that at standard diffusion-weighted imaging (P =.002). Susceptibility artifacts were significantly reduced at SENSE diffusion-weighted imaging when compared with those at standard diffusion-weighted imaging (P <.001). Conspicuity of 84 lesions was rated equivalent with both standard and SENSE protocols. CONCLUSION: SENSE allowed acquisition of T2-weighted @entity3 and FLAIR images with image quality and lesion conspicuity that did not differ from those of standard acquisition techniques but in only half the acquisition time. Use of SENSE with diffusion-weighted imaging significantly reduces susceptibility artifacts while lesion conspicuity is maintained.

title: Sensitivity encoding for fast MR imaging of the brain in XXXX with stroke.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ultrasound (US) and @entity3 phonophoresis (PH) in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). DESIGN: This study was a prospective, randomised, controlled, double-blinded clinical trial with follow-up at 8 weeks. Fiftyone @entity0 (76 median nerves) with clinical and electrophysiologic evidence of mild or moderate @entity2 were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to one of three groups; group 1 received sham US and splinting, group 2 received US and splinting, and group 3 received @entity3 phonophoresis and splinting. @entity0 were evaluated by use of electrophysiological variables such as median motor distal latency (mMDL), median sensory distal latency (mSDL), functional status scale (FSS), symptom severity scale (SSS) and visual analog scale (VAS). Electrophysiological variables and scales were evaluated at the beginning, end of therapy (2nd week) and 8th week. RESULTS: All the randomised @entity0 were included in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. The per protocol (PP) analysis included only those @entity0 who complied with the study protocol. After completing 2 weeks of treatment, seven out of 51 randomized @entity0 did not finish the study protocol due to non-compliance to splinting, illness and lost to follow-up. Those @entity0 were excluded from PP analysis. @entity0 were similar in all clinical, electrophysiological and demographic respects (p>0.05). An improvement was found in all parameters (VAS, FSS, SSS, mMDL and mSDL) for all groups at the end of the treatment and 8th week. It was found that @entity1 score was significantly lower in group 3 compared to other treatment groups at 8th week according to ITT and PP analysis (p= 0.002, p=0.004 and p=0.001, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity3 PH as adjuvant therapy on splinting is effective with respect to @entity1 . Adding US therapy to the splinting is not superior to the splinting alone in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Comparison of ultrasound and XXXX phonophoresis in the treatment of @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ultrasound (US) and @entity3 phonophoresis (PH) in the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). DESIGN: This study was a prospective, randomised, controlled, double-blinded clinical trial with follow-up at 8 weeks. Fiftyone @entity0 (76 median nerves) with clinical and electrophysiologic evidence of mild or moderate @entity2 were included in the study. They were randomly assigned to one of three groups; group 1 received sham US and splinting, group 2 received US and splinting, and group 3 received @entity3 phonophoresis and splinting. @entity0 were evaluated by use of electrophysiological variables such as median motor distal latency (mMDL), median sensory distal latency (mSDL), functional status scale (FSS), symptom severity scale (SSS) and visual analog scale (VAS). Electrophysiological variables and scales were evaluated at the beginning, end of therapy (2nd week) and 8th week. RESULTS: All the randomised @entity0 were included in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. The per protocol (PP) analysis included only those @entity0 who complied with the study protocol. After completing 2 weeks of treatment, seven out of 51 randomized @entity0 did not finish the study protocol due to non-compliance to splinting, illness and lost to follow-up. Those @entity0 were excluded from PP analysis. @entity0 were similar in all clinical, electrophysiological and demographic respects (p>0.05). An improvement was found in all parameters (VAS, FSS, SSS, mMDL and mSDL) for all groups at the end of the treatment and 8th week. It was found that @entity1 score was significantly lower in group 3 compared to other treatment groups at 8th week according to ITT and PP analysis (p= 0.002, p=0.004 and p=0.001, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity3 PH as adjuvant therapy on splinting is effective with respect to @entity1 . Adding US therapy to the splinting is not superior to the splinting alone in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Comparison of ultrasound and @entity3 phonophoresis in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The sweetpotato whitefly, @entity1 ) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), is an important pest of vegetables and many other crops worldwide. Eight biorational insecticides (based on oil, plant derivatives, insect growth regulator and fungus) were evaluated in the field for their influence on populations of six natural enemies of @entity1 . Natural populations of two predators [Chrysoperla carnea Stephen (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) and Orius spp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae)] and two genera of parasitoids [Encarsia spp. and Eretmocerus spp. (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)] were evaluated in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Also, augmented field populations of three predators [C. carnea, Coccinella undecimpunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and Macrolophus caliginosus (Wagner) (Hemiptera: Miridae)] were evaluated in cabbage ( @entity2 . capitata L.), @entity3 ( @entity3 .) and squash ( @entity4 .). RESULTS: Regardless of natural enemy or crop, jojoba oil, Biovar and Neemix had the least effect on abundance of the natural enemies in comparison with the other insecticides during a 14 day evaluation period. Conversely, Admiral, KZ oil, Mesrona oil, Mesrona oil + @entity0 and natural oil had a high detrimental effect on abundance of the natural enemies. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the differential effects of biorational insecticides for whitefly control on predators and parasitoids in the field.

title: Populations of predators and parasitoids of XXXX (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) after the application of eight biorational insecticides in vegetable crops.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two strains of aerobic acidophilic chemoorganotrophic bacteria designed strains AP8(T) and AP9 were isolated from acid mine drainage and acidic soil, respectively. These isolates were gram-negative, nonmotile cocci and coccobacilli measuring 0.5-0.8  m in diameter. Cells were capsulated. Colonies on solid media were pink colored. The pH range for growth was 3.0-6.0 (optimum pH 4.5). Sugars, @entity5 , and some @entity2 were good @entity0 and energy sources for growth. The main components of cellular @entity3 were C(15:0) iso and C(16:1)   7c. @entity7 was the major @entity4 . The G+C content of genomic DNA was 59.5%. Both strains had identical sequences of 16S rRNA genes that were most closely related to that of the type strain of @entity8 (96% similarity). There were major differences between the isolates and A. capsulatum in cell morphology, @entity0 nutrition, and @entity1 profiles. Based on these phylogenetic and phenotypic data, we propose the name @entity6 gen. nov., sp. nov. to accommodate the novel isolates. The type strain is AP8(T) (NBRC 107607(T), KCTC 23427(T)).

title: XXXX gen. nov., sp. nov., an acidophilic chemoorganotrophic bacterium belonging to the phylum Acidobacteria.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) pathway, such as @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity4 , with response to @entity3 -targeted antibodies is less well studied. AIM: To assess @entity6 with cetuximab in treating metastatic @entity2 . SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Thirty-five @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 were randomized to receive cetuximab with or without oral @entity6 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 received cetuximab i.v. weekly for four weeks and oral @entity6 twice daily on days 1-28, with recycling every four weeks. The primary end point was the response rate (partial and complete), while the secondary end points were the adverse effects, time to progression and overall survival. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: was made using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions, using SPSS 10.0, with estimation of both time to progression and overall survival time by the Kaplan-Meier method and comparing the two groups with the use of a log-rank test. RESULTS: Partial response was higher in cetuximab- @entity6 (EN), which constituted 33.3% compared to 17.6% in the cetuximab group (P = 0.44). Progression-free survival had a statistically higher significant difference in wild @entity5 compared to mutant @entity5 cases (P = .0001). Median overall survival was seven and five months in the (EN) and (E) groups respectively (P = 0.49). CONCLUSION: @entity5 and @entity4 was a predictor of response, so genotyping of @entity1 was needed for defining the @entity0 population that was likely to benefit from the targeted therapy. A combination of therapy that simultaneously targets @entity5 and @entity4 could be a useful approach to increase the number of @entity0 who may benefit from anti- @entity3 therapy.

title: Role of cetuximab and @entity6 in treatment of metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The relationship of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) pathway, such as @entity7 , @entity5 , and @entity4 , with response to @entity3 -targeted antibodies is less well studied. AIM: To assess @entity6 with cetuximab in treating metastatic @entity2 . SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Thirty-five @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 were randomized to receive cetuximab with or without oral @entity6 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 received cetuximab i.v. weekly for four weeks and oral @entity6 twice daily on days 1-28, with recycling every four weeks. The primary end point was the response rate (partial and complete), while the secondary end points were the adverse effects, time to progression and overall survival. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: was made using the Statistical Product and Service Solutions, using SPSS 10.0, with estimation of both time to progression and overall survival time by the Kaplan-Meier method and comparing the two groups with the use of a log-rank test. RESULTS: Partial response was higher in cetuximab- @entity6 (EN), which constituted 33.3% compared to 17.6% in the cetuximab group (P = 0.44). Progression-free survival had a statistically higher significant difference in wild @entity5 compared to mutant @entity5 cases (P = .0001). Median overall survival was seven and five months in the (EN) and (E) groups respectively (P = 0.49). CONCLUSION: @entity5 and @entity4 was a predictor of response, so genotyping of @entity1 was needed for defining the @entity0 population that was likely to benefit from the targeted therapy. A combination of therapy that simultaneously targets @entity5 and @entity4 could be a useful approach to increase the number of @entity0 who may benefit from anti- @entity3 therapy.

title: Role of cetuximab and XXXX in treatment of metastatic @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     To introduce a modified method for managing the distal ureter in laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU) for @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of this method. @entity0 AND METHODS:     Six consecutive @entity0 underwent LNU using a one-port pneumovesicum method for pathologically confirmed upper tract @entity4 .     Each @entity0 was placed on the operating table in the lithotomy position and the pneumovesicum method was applied with @entity3 insufflation. Dissection was performed circumferentially through the entire detrusor muscle to disconnect the ureter from the bladder wall. A 10-mm trocar was placed into the bladder above the pubic bone. The distal ureter was occluded using a Hem-o-lok clip and pushed out of the bladder. Laparoscopic nephroureterectomy was then performed with the @entity0 in the lateral position.     After surgery, all six @entity0 received systemic chemotherapy and follow-up. RESULTS:     All procedures were performed successfully.     The median (range) operating time for the complete procedure was 105 (85-140) min, and the median (range) estimated @entity2 was 125 (60-230) mL.     Seven days after surgery, each @entity0 underwent cystography, which confirmed no extravasation of urine.     None of the @entity0 developed @entity1 recurrence or metastatic disease during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS:     The one-port pneumovesicum method in LNU, which is applied to manage the distal ureter and bladder cuff, is technically feasible and safe.     The method simplifies management of the distal ureter, reduces the invasiveness of the procedure and improves cosmesis.

title: A one-port pneumovesicum method in en bloc laparoscopic nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection is feasible and safe for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Obese adults struggle to make the changes necessary to achieve even modest @entity3 , though a decrease in weight by as little as 10% can have significant health benefits. Failure to meet @entity3 goals may in part be associated with barriers to @entity1 treatment. Wide-spread dissemination of evidence-based @entity1 treatment faces multiple challenges including cost, access, and implementing the programmatic characteristics on a large scale. AIMS: The PDA+: A Personal Digital Assistant for Obesity Treatment randomized controlled trial (RCT) was designed to test whether a PDA-based behavioral intervention enhances the effectiveness of the existing group @entity3 treatment program at VA Medical Centers Managing Overweight/Obese Veterans Everywhere (MOVE!). We also aim to introduce technology as a way to overcome systemic barriers of traditional @entity1 treatment. METHODS/DESIGN: Veterans enrolled in the MOVE! group at the Hines Hospital VAMC with BMI >=  25 and  <= 40 and weigh < 400 pounds, experience @entity4 (>=  4 on the NRS-I scale for >=  6 months prior to enrollment) and are able to participate in a moderate intensity exercise program will be recruited and screened for eligibility. @entity0 will be randomized to receive either: a) MOVE! treatment alone (Standard Care) or b) Standard Care plus PDA (PDA+). Those randomized to PDA+ will record dietary intake, physical activity, and weight on the PDA. In addition, they will also record mood and @entity2 intensity, and receive biweekly telephone support for the first 6-months of the 12-month study. All @entity0 will attend in- @entity0 lab sessions every three months to complete questionnaires and for the collection of anthropomorphic data. Weight loss and decrease in @entity2 level intensity are the primary outcomes. DISCUSSION: The PDA+ trial represents an important step in understanding ways to improve the use of technology in @entity1 treatment. The trial will address barriers to @entity1 care by implementing effective behavioral components of a @entity3 intervention and delivering high intensity, low cost @entity1 treatment. This RCT also tests an intervention approach supported by handheld technology in a population traditionally considered to have lower levels of technology literacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00371462.

title: PDA+: A Personal Digital Assistant for Obesity Treatment - an RCT testing the use of technology to enhance XXXX treatment for veterans.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Occupational exposure to @entity1 compounds may result in adverse health effects. This study aims to investigate whether low-level @entity2 ( @entity2 ) exposure can cause DNA damage in electroplating workers. METHODS: 157 electroplating workers and 93 control subjects with no history of occupational exposure to @entity1 were recruited in Hangzhou, China. @entity1 levels in erythrocytes were determined by @entity4 furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer. DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes was evaluated with the alkaline comet assay by three parameters: Olive tail moment, tail length and percent of DNA in the comet tail (tail DNA%). Urinary @entity3 levels were measured by ELISA. RESULTS: @entity1 concentration in erythrocytes was about two times higher in electroplating workers (median: 4.41  g/L) than that in control subjects (1.54  g/L, P < 0.001). The medians (range) of Olive tail moment, tail length and tail DNA% in exposed workers were 1.13 (0.14-6.77), 11.17 (3.46-52.19) and 3.69 (0.65-16.20), and were significantly higher than those in control subjects (0.14 (0.01-0.39), 3.26 (3.00-4.00) and 0.69 (0.04-2.74), P < 0.001). Urinary @entity3 concentration was 13.65 (3.08-66.30)  g/g @entity0 in exposed workers and 8.31 (2.94-30.83)  g/g @entity0 in control subjects (P < 0.001). The differences of urinary @entity3 levels, Olive tail moment, tail length and tail DNA% between these two groups remained significant (P < 0.001) even after stratification by potential confounding factors such as age, gender, and smoking status. @entity1 exposure was found to be positively associated with @entity1 levels in erythrocytes, urinary @entity3 levels, Olive tail moment, tail length and tail DNA%. Positive dose-response associations were also found between @entity1 levels in erythrocytes and Olive tail moment, tail length and tail DNA%. CONCLUSION: The findings in this study indicated that there was detectable @entity1 exposure in electroplating workers. Low-level occupational @entity1 exposure induced DNA damage.

title: Chronic occupational exposure to XXXX causes DNA damage in electroplating workers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The relationship between the intra-operative concentration of parathyroid hormone (IOPTH) and the long-term outcome of @entity0 intervened due to @entity1 ( @entity1 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: A prospective observational study was performed with 120 @entity0 . Three determinations were made of @entity3 in blood: baseline, when the diseases gland was located, and 10 minutes after its extirpation. The @entity2 , @entity3 and @entity4 ( @entity5 ) levels were measured during follow up. RESULTS: A decrease in IOPTH > 50% was observed in 96 (80%) @entity0 , and the post-extirpation value returned to the normal range (Group I), in 18 (15%) a decrease of > 50% but the final value remained higher than normal (Group II) and in 6 (5%) the decrease was<50% (Group III). Persistent @entity1 was detected during follow up in 6 @entity0 (5%): one in Group I (1%), 3 (16.7%) in II and 2 (33.3%) in group III (P<.001). The risk of persistent @entity1 was higher in Group II (odds ratio: 19; 95% CI: 1.85-194) and in Group III (odds ratio: 47; 95% CI: 3.53-639). There were no cases of recurrent @entity1 . A normal @entity2 with an increased @entity3 was detected in 20 @entity0 of Group I (20.8%), 11 (61.1%) in II and 3 (50%) in III (P<.001). These @entity0 had a lower concentration of post-operative @entity4 (17 ng/ml, range: 24; compared to 28 ng/ml, range: 21) (P=.008) and higher frequency of hypovitaminosis D (70.6% compared to 26.2%) (P>.001). CONCLUSION: The risk of persistent @entity1 is higher when the IOPTH decreases more than 50% but still remains high.

title: [Relationship between parathormone concentration during surgery and the post-operative outcome of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 and @entity5 ( @entity8 /SFT) are rare, closely related @entity3 with unpredictable behavior that respond infrequently to chemotherapy. An optimal systemic treatment strategy for advanced @entity8 /SFT has not yet been identified. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 14 @entity0 with histopathologically confirmed @entity8 /SFT who were treated at The University of Texas @entity4 Anderson @entity1 Center between May 2005 and June 2007. All @entity0 were treated with @entity7 150 mg/m(2) orally on days 1-7 and days 15-21 and bevacizumab 5 mg/kg intravenously on days 8 and 22, repeated at 28-day intervals. Computed tomography assessment of @entity1 size and density (Choi criteria) was used to determine the best response to therapy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate progression-free survival. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 34 months. Eleven @entity0 (79%) achieved a Choi partial response, with a median time to response of 2.5 months. Two @entity0 (14%) had stable disease as the best response, and 1 @entity0 (7%) had @entity2 as the best response. The estimated median progression-free survival was 9.7 months, with a 6-month progression-free rate of 78.6%. The most frequently observed toxic effect was myelosuppression. CONCLUSION: Combination therapy with @entity7 and bevacizumab is a generally well-tolerated and clinically beneficial regimen for @entity8 /SFT @entity0 . Additional investigation in a controlled, prospective trial is warranted.

title: Activity of @entity7 and bevacizumab in the treatment of locally advanced, recurrent, and metastatic @entity6 and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 and @entity5 ( @entity8 /SFT) are rare, closely related @entity3 with unpredictable behavior that respond infrequently to chemotherapy. An optimal systemic treatment strategy for advanced @entity8 /SFT has not yet been identified. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 14 @entity0 with histopathologically confirmed @entity8 /SFT who were treated at The University of Texas @entity4 Anderson @entity1 Center between May 2005 and June 2007. All @entity0 were treated with @entity7 150 mg/m(2) orally on days 1-7 and days 15-21 and bevacizumab 5 mg/kg intravenously on days 8 and 22, repeated at 28-day intervals. Computed tomography assessment of @entity1 size and density (Choi criteria) was used to determine the best response to therapy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate progression-free survival. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 34 months. Eleven @entity0 (79%) achieved a Choi partial response, with a median time to response of 2.5 months. Two @entity0 (14%) had stable disease as the best response, and 1 @entity0 (7%) had @entity2 as the best response. The estimated median progression-free survival was 9.7 months, with a 6-month progression-free rate of 78.6%. The most frequently observed toxic effect was myelosuppression. CONCLUSION: Combination therapy with @entity7 and bevacizumab is a generally well-tolerated and clinically beneficial regimen for @entity8 /SFT @entity0 . Additional investigation in a controlled, prospective trial is warranted.

title: Activity of XXXX and bevacizumab in the treatment of locally advanced, recurrent, and metastatic @entity6 and @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 and @entity5 ( @entity8 /SFT) are rare, closely related @entity3 with unpredictable behavior that respond infrequently to chemotherapy. An optimal systemic treatment strategy for advanced @entity8 /SFT has not yet been identified. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the records of 14 @entity0 with histopathologically confirmed @entity8 /SFT who were treated at The University of Texas @entity4 Anderson @entity1 Center between May 2005 and June 2007. All @entity0 were treated with @entity7 150 mg/m(2) orally on days 1-7 and days 15-21 and bevacizumab 5 mg/kg intravenously on days 8 and 22, repeated at 28-day intervals. Computed tomography assessment of @entity1 size and density (Choi criteria) was used to determine the best response to therapy. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate progression-free survival. RESULTS: The median follow-up period was 34 months. Eleven @entity0 (79%) achieved a Choi partial response, with a median time to response of 2.5 months. Two @entity0 (14%) had stable disease as the best response, and 1 @entity0 (7%) had @entity2 as the best response. The estimated median progression-free survival was 9.7 months, with a 6-month progression-free rate of 78.6%. The most frequently observed toxic effect was myelosuppression. CONCLUSION: Combination therapy with @entity7 and bevacizumab is a generally well-tolerated and clinically beneficial regimen for @entity8 /SFT @entity0 . Additional investigation in a controlled, prospective trial is warranted.

title: Activity of @entity7 and bevacizumab in the treatment of locally advanced, recurrent, and metastatic XXXX and @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Our goal was to develop a noninvasive, dynamic imaging method that would further the understanding of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity1 growth and local spreading. We developed a novel orthotopic @entity2 model of @entity3 with a stable cell line expressing a red fluorescent protein gene to compare a molecular imaging @entity1 quantification with traditional caliper measurement. METHODS: An @entity3 -tdT stable cell line expressing the tdTomato gene was established, which were injected into the floor of the mouth of @entity2 . @entity1 growth was constantly monitored using molecular imaging for up to 35 days. The @entity1 were further evaluated by histologic examination. RESULTS: Established @entity1 consistently expressed fluorescent signals that were successfully imaged by molecular imaging during the study. Initial @entity1 development was detected earlier than caliper measurement would allow. The fluorescent signal quantities of @entity1 detected by the imaging correlated with the @entity1 sizes measured by calipers. CONCLUSIONS: This novel animal model represents an orthotopic @entity0 @entity3 model. The @entity1 can be detected earlier with molecular imaging than by conventional external caliper measurement. Unlike surgical measurement, the @entity1 can be quantified without disturbing the @entity1 environment. This model has significant potential for @entity3 oncologic research.

title: A novel orthotopic @entity2 model of XXXX with molecular imaging.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Our goal was to develop a noninvasive, dynamic imaging method that would further the understanding of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity1 growth and local spreading. We developed a novel orthotopic @entity2 model of @entity3 with a stable cell line expressing a red fluorescent protein gene to compare a molecular imaging @entity1 quantification with traditional caliper measurement. METHODS: An @entity3 -tdT stable cell line expressing the tdTomato gene was established, which were injected into the floor of the mouth of @entity2 . @entity1 growth was constantly monitored using molecular imaging for up to 35 days. The @entity1 were further evaluated by histologic examination. RESULTS: Established @entity1 consistently expressed fluorescent signals that were successfully imaged by molecular imaging during the study. Initial @entity1 development was detected earlier than caliper measurement would allow. The fluorescent signal quantities of @entity1 detected by the imaging correlated with the @entity1 sizes measured by calipers. CONCLUSIONS: This novel animal model represents an orthotopic @entity0 @entity3 model. The @entity1 can be detected earlier with molecular imaging than by conventional external caliper measurement. Unlike surgical measurement, the @entity1 can be quantified without disturbing the @entity1 environment. This model has significant potential for @entity3 oncologic research.

title: A novel orthotopic XXXX model of @entity3 with molecular imaging.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 )-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis occurs in the context of @entity2 that can be accompanied by @entity6 ( @entity6 ). We tested the hypothesis that analysis of selected protein fractions from livers undergoing apoptosis will shed light on mechanisms that are involved in @entity2 that might be amenable to intervention. Proteomic analysis of the major insoluble liver proteins after @entity7 exposure for 4-5 hours identified fibrinogen-y (FIB-y) dimers and FIB-y-containing high molecular mass complexes among the major insoluble proteins visible via Coomassie blue staining. Presence of the FIB-y-containing products was confirmed using FIB-y-specific antibodies. The FIB-y-containing products partition selectively and quantitatively into the liver parenchyma after inducing apoptosis. Similar formation of FIB-y products occurs after @entity5 administration. The observed intrahepatic @entity6 raised the possibility that heparin therapy may ameliorate @entity7 -mediated @entity2 . Notably, heparin administration in @entity0 4 hours before or up to 2 hours after @entity7 injection resulted in a @entity2 -including @entity4 , serum @entity3 aminotransferase, caspase activation, and liver apoptosis-compared with heparin-untreated @entity0 . Heparin did not directly interfere with @entity7 -induced apoptosis in isolated hepatocytes, and heparin-treated @entity0 survived the @entity7 -induced @entity2 longer compared with heparin-untreated animals. There was a sharp, near-simultaneous rise in @entity7 -induced @entity1 , with @entity6 remaining stable while apoptosis continued to increase. CONCLUSION: Formation of FIB-y dimers and their high molecular mass products are readily detectable within the liver during @entity0 apoptotic @entity2 . Heparin provides a potential therapeutic modality, because it not only prevents extensive @entity7 -related @entity2 but also limits the extent of injury if given at early stages of injury exposure.

title: Fibrinogen-y proteolysis and solubility dynamics during apoptotic @entity0 XXXX : heparin prevents and treats liver damage.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity7 ( @entity7 )-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis occurs in the context of @entity2 that can be accompanied by @entity6 ( @entity6 ). We tested the hypothesis that analysis of selected protein fractions from livers undergoing apoptosis will shed light on mechanisms that are involved in @entity2 that might be amenable to intervention. Proteomic analysis of the major insoluble liver proteins after @entity7 exposure for 4-5 hours identified fibrinogen-y (FIB-y) dimers and FIB-y-containing high molecular mass complexes among the major insoluble proteins visible via Coomassie blue staining. Presence of the FIB-y-containing products was confirmed using FIB-y-specific antibodies. The FIB-y-containing products partition selectively and quantitatively into the liver parenchyma after inducing apoptosis. Similar formation of FIB-y products occurs after @entity5 administration. The observed intrahepatic @entity6 raised the possibility that heparin therapy may ameliorate @entity7 -mediated @entity2 . Notably, heparin administration in @entity0 4 hours before or up to 2 hours after @entity7 injection resulted in a @entity2 -including @entity4 , serum @entity3 aminotransferase, caspase activation, and liver apoptosis-compared with heparin-untreated @entity0 . Heparin did not directly interfere with @entity7 -induced apoptosis in isolated hepatocytes, and heparin-treated @entity0 survived the @entity7 -induced @entity2 longer compared with heparin-untreated animals. There was a sharp, near-simultaneous rise in @entity7 -induced @entity1 , with @entity6 remaining stable while apoptosis continued to increase. CONCLUSION: Formation of FIB-y dimers and their high molecular mass products are readily detectable within the liver during @entity0 apoptotic @entity2 . Heparin provides a potential therapeutic modality, because it not only prevents extensive @entity7 -related @entity2 but also limits the extent of injury if given at early stages of injury exposure.

title: Fibrinogen-y proteolysis and solubility dynamics during apoptotic XXXX @entity2 : heparin prevents and treats liver damage.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Obliterating @entity2 of the lower limbs is a classic contraindication for @entity3 , particularly the sural flap. But recent literature reports examples of its successful application in arteritic @entity0 . The aim of this work was to study the vascular anatomy of the sural flap in @entity0 suffering from @entity2 and its possible clinical application. Twenty-four specimens of leg amputation were studied. The mean age of the amputated @entity0 was 68.5 years. The clinical signs of @entity2 had been present for 3-16 years. In 10 cases amputation was carried out directly, in 14 cases after failed revascularization. The results of the dissection showed the theoretical possibility of a sural flap in almost all the cases (23 of 24) despite certain anatomical peculiarities. In the upper part of the leg the arterial network of the sural communicating nerve dominates that of the sural nerve; this should allow the use of a sural flap centered on this @entity1 . In the lower part, the arterial network of the sural communicating nerve is sustained by the perforators of the peroneal artery, then by the branches of the calcaneal artery, and finally by the lateral tarsal artery, which should allow the use of a sural flap with a very distal pedicle. The authors propose a theory which suggests that the progressive @entity2 and the concomitant development of a supply network involving the vascularization of the sensory nerves induces the "anticipation" of a sural flap.

title: Sural flap vascularization in arteritic XXXX : an anatomic study of 24 amputation specimens.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM:     Several health economic evaluations have explored the cost-effectiveness of endoscopic surveillance for @entity0 with non-dysplastic @entity2 , with conflicting results. By comparing results across studies and highlighting key methodological and data limitations a platform for future, more rigorous analyses, can be developed. METHODS:     A systematic literature review was undertaken of studies evaluating cost-effectiveness of surveillance for non-dysplastic @entity2 . Articles were included if they assessed both cost and health outcomes for surveillance versus no surveillance. A descriptive review was undertaken and the quality of the studies appraised against best-practice recommendations for economic evaluations and modeling studies. RESULTS:     Seven publications met the inclusion criteria. All used decision-analytic Markov models. Half of the evaluations found surveillance was not cost-effective. At best, surveillance produced improved outcomes at a cost of US 16   640 per quality-adjusted life-year, and at worst it did more harm than good and at a greater cost. The quality of the evaluations and generalizability to the Asia-Pacific region was diminished as a result of inadequate or inconsistent evidence supporting parameter estimates, such as quality of life, endoscopic sensitivity and specificity and @entity1 recurrence rates. CONCLUSIONS:     Unless newly emerging technologies improve the quality-adjusted survival benefit conferred by endoscopic surveillance, this strategy is unlikely to be cost-effective. Obsolete assumptions and incomplete analyses reduce the quality of published evaluations. For these reasons new evaluations are required that encompass the growing evidence base for new technologies, such as new endoscopic therapies for high-grade @entity3 and @entity1 .

title: Is endoscopic surveillance for non-dysplastic XXXX cost-effective? Review of economic evaluations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a systemic @entity2 with a still unclear pathogenesis. Although several inflammatory molecules have been studied current biomarkers are largely insensitive in @entity5 and unable to predict disease progression and response to treatment. Our primary aim was to explore serum levels of soluble @entity8 (sCD40L), soluble intracellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1), @entity6 ( @entity6 ), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), leptin, resistin, @entity4 ( @entity4 ), soluble type 1 @entity1 necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and SAA serum concentration in a cohort of 27 @entity5 @entity0 . The secondary aim was to evaluate potential correlations between the putative circulating biomarkers, demographic profile of @entity0 , the status of disease activity, the specific organ involvement at the time of sample collection and different therapeutic regimes. Serum concentrations of sTNFR (p=0.008), leptin (p=0.0011), sCD40L (<0.0001), and @entity3 (p=0.0154), were significantly higher in @entity5 @entity0 than in HC, while no difference was found in @entity6 , @entity7 and resistin serum levels. Moreover, we observed significantly higher sTNFR serum concentrations in @entity5 @entity0 presenting inactive disease than HC (p=0.0108). A correlation between sTNFR and age was also found, with higher levels in @entity0 over 40 years than HC (p=0.0329). Although further research is warranted to elucidate the role of circulating biomarkers, some of that may contribute to the understanding of the physiopathology processes underlying @entity5 activity and damage as well as to provide useful tools for prognostic purposes and a personalized treatment approach. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Immunometabolic biomarkers of XXXX in Beh  et's disease: Relationship with epidemiological profile, disease activity and therapeutic regimes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) have been used to knockdown specific gene expression in various cells. Astrocytes and microglial cells play a key @entity2 . The aims of this study were to determine the optimal concentration of siRNA demonstrating efficient transfection and inhibition of gene expression via RNA interference (RNAi) and lower @entity1 , in primary cultured astrocytes and microglial cells of @entity0 . METHODS: Astrocytes and microglial cells were isolated from the cerebral cortices of 2-day-old @entity0 . Both the cells were transfected using transfection reagent (Lipofectamine    2000), and @entity3 -labeled double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) or siRNA targeting green fluorescent protein. Transfection efficiency and @entity1 of dsRNA, and the degrees of RNAi induced by siRNA in these cells, were evaluated at various concentrations of RNA. RESULTS: Transfection efficiencies of dsRNA in both astrocytes and microglial cells were significantly higher (P < 0.05) at the concentrations of 20, 40, and 80 nM than at the concentrations of 0, 5, and 10 nM. There were no significant cytotoxicities within the applied concentrations of dsRNA (0-80 nM). The degrees of RNAi induced by siRNA were significantly higher (P < 0.05) at the concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 nM, and 20, 40, 80 nM in astrocytes and microglial cells, respectively, compared with the control (0 nM). CONCLUSIONS: The siRNA concentration of 20 nM may be appropriate to induce RNAi in both astrocytes and microglial cells, while demonstrating low @entity1 , high transfection efficiency, and effective RNAi.

title: The optimal concentration of siRNA for gene silencing in primary cultured astrocytes and microglial cells of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 are @entity1 for which surgical resection is the first treatment of choice. The role of adjuvant treatment after surgery is unknown because of limited available data. The present study evaluated the efficacy of post-surgery adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: To evaluate the role of adjuvant therapy in @entity0 with @entity3 , we retrospectively reviewed the records of @entity0 with @entity3 who were diagnosed and treated between 2004 and 2014. RESULTS: Among 78 @entity0 with @entity3 , 30 @entity0 received surgical resection. Progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were significantly longer among these @entity0 than among @entity0 who received other treatments (PFS: 88.4 months vs 9.1 months, p<0.001; @entity4 : 134.9 months vs 60.9 months; p = 0.003). @entity0 with @entity1 who received surgery had a longer @entity4 than @entity0 who did not receive surgery (70.1 months vs 23.9 months; p = 0.017, n = 11). Among 47 @entity0 with stage IV @entity2 , 12 @entity0 who received an extended thymothymectomy had a longer PFS than 35 @entity0 who did not receive surgery (18.9 months vs 8.7 months; p = 0.029). Among 30 @entity0 (with stage I- IV @entity2 ) who received primary lesion surgery, 19 @entity0 received an R0 resection and 9 @entity0 of the 19 @entity0 received adjuvant radiotherapy. These @entity0 had longer PFS (50.3 months) than 2 @entity0 who received adjuvant chemotherapy (5.9 months) or 4 @entity0 who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy (7.5 months) after surgery (p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection should be considered for @entity0 with @entity3 , even for @entity0 with locally advanced or stage IV @entity2 . Adjuvant radiotherapy resulted in a better PFS after R0 resection.

title: Adjuvant Therapy for XXXX - A Decade of Experience in a Taiwan National Teaching Hospital.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goals of the current study were to describe patterns of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) surveillance for @entity1 progression in a community-based cohort of @entity0 and to identify independent clinical and sociodemographic factors that predict the frequency of surveillance. METHODS: @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 from October 1, 1991 to December 31, 1992 in New Haven and Hartford, Connecticut, were identified. Data were collected through standardized outpatient medical record review. Multivariate statistical methods were used to determine the factors that independently predicted the frequency of surveillance. RESULTS: Six hundred fifty-eight @entity0 with @entity1 were included in the cohort. Forty-five percent of all @entity0 were tested at least once annually, and 69% were tested at least once every 2 years. Multivariate models indicated that African American @entity0 were half as likely as Caucasian @entity0 to receive annual testing (odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.97). @entity0 diagnosed at age 70 years or older were 38% less likely to have annual testing than @entity0 diagnosed between the ages of 65 and 69 (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41-0.94). A higher Gleason score and @entity2 at presentation also were associated independently with higher rates of annual @entity2 surveillance. CONCLUSIONS: Postdiagnosis @entity2 surveillance is common, although not universal. African American @entity0 were at significantly greater risk for receiving less frequent testing compared with Caucasian @entity0 . This disparity in access to care may explain, in part, previously observed racial differences in survival in @entity1 . Further research is needed to identify the reasons for the racial disparity in @entity2 surveillance and to design interventions to lessen these differences.

title: Race independently predicts XXXX testing frequency following a @entity1 diagnosis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goals of the current study were to describe patterns of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) surveillance for @entity1 progression in a community-based cohort of @entity0 and to identify independent clinical and sociodemographic factors that predict the frequency of surveillance. METHODS: @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 from October 1, 1991 to December 31, 1992 in New Haven and Hartford, Connecticut, were identified. Data were collected through standardized outpatient medical record review. Multivariate statistical methods were used to determine the factors that independently predicted the frequency of surveillance. RESULTS: Six hundred fifty-eight @entity0 with @entity1 were included in the cohort. Forty-five percent of all @entity0 were tested at least once annually, and 69% were tested at least once every 2 years. Multivariate models indicated that African American @entity0 were half as likely as Caucasian @entity0 to receive annual testing (odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.24-0.97). @entity0 diagnosed at age 70 years or older were 38% less likely to have annual testing than @entity0 diagnosed between the ages of 65 and 69 (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41-0.94). A higher Gleason score and @entity2 at presentation also were associated independently with higher rates of annual @entity2 surveillance. CONCLUSIONS: Postdiagnosis @entity2 surveillance is common, although not universal. African American @entity0 were at significantly greater risk for receiving less frequent testing compared with Caucasian @entity0 . This disparity in access to care may explain, in part, previously observed racial differences in survival in @entity1 . Further research is needed to identify the reasons for the racial disparity in @entity2 surveillance and to design interventions to lessen these differences.

title: Race independently predicts @entity2 testing frequency following a XXXX diagnosis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of bolus-dose @entity6 and @entity5 to treat @entity4 in @entity0 with severe @entity3 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. SETTING: PICU in a university-affiliated @entity0 's hospital level I @entity2 center. @entity0 : Thirty-one @entity0 0-18 years of age with severe @entity3 (Glasgow Coma Scale score of  <= 8) who received bolus doses of @entity6 and/or @entity5 for treatment of @entity4 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The area under the curve from high-resolution intracranial pressure-time plots was calculated to represent cumulative intracranial @entity1 exposure: area under the curve for intracranial pressure above 20 mm Hg (area under the curve-intracranial @entity1 ) was calculated in 15-minute epochs before and after administration of @entity6 and/or @entity5 for the treatment of @entity4 . Our primary outcome measure, the difference between predrug and postdrug administration epochs (  area under the curve-intracranial @entity1 ), was calculated for all occurrences. We examined potential covariates including age, injury severity, mechanism, and time after injury; time after injury correlated with   area under the curve-intracranial @entity1 . In a mixed-effects model, with @entity0 as a random effect, drug/dose combination as a fixed effect, and time after injury as a covariate, intracranial @entity1 increased after administration of @entity6 and/or @entity5 (overall aggregate mean   area under the curve-intracranial @entity1 = +17 mm Hg * min, 95% CI, 0-34 mm Hg * min; p = 0.04). The mean   area under the curve-intracranial @entity1 increased significantly after administration of high-dose @entity6 (p = 0.02), low-dose @entity5 (p = 0.006), and high-dose @entity6 plus low-dose @entity5 (0.007). Secondary analysis using age-dependent thresholds showed no significant impact on cerebral perfusion pressure deficit (mean   area under the curve-cerebral perfusion pressure). CONCLUSIONS: Bolus dosing of @entity6 and @entity5 fails to reduce the intracranial @entity1 burden when administered for @entity4 . Paradoxically, we observed an overall increase in intracranial @entity1 burden following drug administration, even after accounting for within-subject effects and time after injury. Future work is needed to confirm these findings in a prospective study design.

title: @entity6 and @entity5 Are Ineffective in Reducing @entity4 in Severe Pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of bolus-dose @entity6 and @entity5 to treat @entity4 in @entity0 with severe @entity3 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. SETTING: PICU in a university-affiliated @entity0 's hospital level I @entity2 center. @entity0 : Thirty-one @entity0 0-18 years of age with severe @entity3 (Glasgow Coma Scale score of  <= 8) who received bolus doses of @entity6 and/or @entity5 for treatment of @entity4 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The area under the curve from high-resolution intracranial pressure-time plots was calculated to represent cumulative intracranial @entity1 exposure: area under the curve for intracranial pressure above 20 mm Hg (area under the curve-intracranial @entity1 ) was calculated in 15-minute epochs before and after administration of @entity6 and/or @entity5 for the treatment of @entity4 . Our primary outcome measure, the difference between predrug and postdrug administration epochs (  area under the curve-intracranial @entity1 ), was calculated for all occurrences. We examined potential covariates including age, injury severity, mechanism, and time after injury; time after injury correlated with   area under the curve-intracranial @entity1 . In a mixed-effects model, with @entity0 as a random effect, drug/dose combination as a fixed effect, and time after injury as a covariate, intracranial @entity1 increased after administration of @entity6 and/or @entity5 (overall aggregate mean   area under the curve-intracranial @entity1 = +17 mm Hg * min, 95% CI, 0-34 mm Hg * min; p = 0.04). The mean   area under the curve-intracranial @entity1 increased significantly after administration of high-dose @entity6 (p = 0.02), low-dose @entity5 (p = 0.006), and high-dose @entity6 plus low-dose @entity5 (0.007). Secondary analysis using age-dependent thresholds showed no significant impact on cerebral perfusion pressure deficit (mean   area under the curve-cerebral perfusion pressure). CONCLUSIONS: Bolus dosing of @entity6 and @entity5 fails to reduce the intracranial @entity1 burden when administered for @entity4 . Paradoxically, we observed an overall increase in intracranial @entity1 burden following drug administration, even after accounting for within-subject effects and time after injury. Future work is needed to confirm these findings in a prospective study design.

title: @entity6 and @entity5 Are Ineffective in Reducing XXXX in Severe Pediatric @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of bolus-dose @entity6 and @entity5 to treat @entity4 in @entity0 with severe @entity3 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. SETTING: PICU in a university-affiliated @entity0 's hospital level I @entity2 center. @entity0 : Thirty-one @entity0 0-18 years of age with severe @entity3 (Glasgow Coma Scale score of  <= 8) who received bolus doses of @entity6 and/or @entity5 for treatment of @entity4 . INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The area under the curve from high-resolution intracranial pressure-time plots was calculated to represent cumulative intracranial @entity1 exposure: area under the curve for intracranial pressure above 20 mm Hg (area under the curve-intracranial @entity1 ) was calculated in 15-minute epochs before and after administration of @entity6 and/or @entity5 for the treatment of @entity4 . Our primary outcome measure, the difference between predrug and postdrug administration epochs (  area under the curve-intracranial @entity1 ), was calculated for all occurrences. We examined potential covariates including age, injury severity, mechanism, and time after injury; time after injury correlated with   area under the curve-intracranial @entity1 . In a mixed-effects model, with @entity0 as a random effect, drug/dose combination as a fixed effect, and time after injury as a covariate, intracranial @entity1 increased after administration of @entity6 and/or @entity5 (overall aggregate mean   area under the curve-intracranial @entity1 = +17 mm Hg * min, 95% CI, 0-34 mm Hg * min; p = 0.04). The mean   area under the curve-intracranial @entity1 increased significantly after administration of high-dose @entity6 (p = 0.02), low-dose @entity5 (p = 0.006), and high-dose @entity6 plus low-dose @entity5 (0.007). Secondary analysis using age-dependent thresholds showed no significant impact on cerebral perfusion pressure deficit (mean   area under the curve-cerebral perfusion pressure). CONCLUSIONS: Bolus dosing of @entity6 and @entity5 fails to reduce the intracranial @entity1 burden when administered for @entity4 . Paradoxically, we observed an overall increase in intracranial @entity1 burden following drug administration, even after accounting for within-subject effects and time after injury. Future work is needed to confirm these findings in a prospective study design.

title: XXXX and @entity5 Are Ineffective in Reducing @entity4 in Severe Pediatric @entity3 .

answer: @entity6