abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate if the treatments with @entity5 and @entity0 are risk factors for the emergence of cephalosporin resistant (CR) @entity1 in a @entity2 farm during the rearing period. One hundred 7-day-old piglets were divided into two groups, a control (n = 50) group and a group parenterally treated with @entity5 (n = 50). During the fattening period, both groups were subdivided in two. A second treatment with @entity0 was administered in feed to two of the four groups, as follows: group 1 (untreated, n = 20), group 2 (treated with @entity0 , n = 26), group 3 (treated with @entity5 , n = 20), and group 4 (treated with @entity5 and @entity0 , n = 26). During treatment with @entity5 , fecal samples were collected before treatment (day 0) and at days 2, 7, 14, 21, and 42 posttreatment, whereas with @entity0 , the sampling was extended 73 days posttreatment. CR @entity1 bacteria were selected on MacConkey agar with @entity3 (1 mg/liter). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), MICs of 14 antimicrobials, the presence of @entity4 resistance genes, and replicon typing of plasmids were analyzed. Both treatments generated an increase in the prevalence of CR @entity1 , which was statistically significant in the treated groups. Resistance diminished after treatment. A total of 47 CR @entity1 isolates were recovered during the study period; of these, 15 contained blaCTX-M-1, 10 contained @entity7 , 4 contained blaCTX-M-9, 2 contained @entity6 , and 5 contained blaSHV-12. The treatment with @entity5 and @entity0 was associated with the emergence of CR @entity1 during the course of the treatment. However, by the time of finishing, CR @entity1 bacteria were not recovered from the animals.

title: Impact of the Use of b-Lactam Antimicrobials on the Emergence of @entity1 Isolates Resistant to Cephalosporins under Standard XXXX -Rearing Conditions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 define the surgical burden of recent conflicts. Current literature is inconclusive when assessing the merits of limb salvage over amputation. The aim of this study was to determine medium term functional outcomes in military casualties undergoing limb salvage for severe @entity3 , and compare them to equivalent outcomes for unilateral trans-tibial amputees. Cases of severe open diaphyseal tibia fractures sustained in combat between 2006 and 2010, as described in a previously published series, were contacted. Consenting individuals conducted a brief telephone interview and were asked to complete a SF-36 questionnaire. These results were compared to a similar cohort of 18 military @entity0 who sustained a unilateral trans-tibial amputation between 2004 and 2010. Forty-nine @entity0 with 57 severe @entity3 met the inclusion criteria. Telephone follow-up and SF-36 questionnaire data was available for 30 @entity0 (61%). The median follow-up was 4 years (49 months, IQR 39-63). Ten of the 30 @entity0 required revision surgery, three of which involved conversion from initial fixation to a circular frame for non- or mal-union. Twenty-two of the 30 @entity0 (73%) recovered sufficiently to complete an age-standardised basic military fitness test. The median physical component score of SF-36 in the limb salvage group was 46 (IQR 35-54) which was similar to the trans-tibial amputation cohort (p=0.3057, Mann-Whitney). Similarly there was no difference in mental component scores between the limb salvage and amputation groups (p=0.1595, Mann-Whitney). There was no significant difference in the proportion of @entity0 in either the amputation or limb salvage group reporting @entity2 (p=0.1157, Fisher's exact test) or with respect to SF-36 physical @entity2 scores (p=0.5258, Mann-Whitney). This study demonstrates that medium term outcomes for military @entity0 are similar following trans-tibial amputation or limb salvage following combat @entity1 .

title: Medium-term outcomes following limb salvage for severe XXXX are similar to trans-tibial amputation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the SHOCK trial, an invasive strategy of early revascularization was associated with a significant mortality benefit at 6 months when compared with initial stabilization in @entity0 with @entity2 complicating @entity1 . Our objectives were to evaluate the data on real-world practice and outcomes of invasive vs conservative management in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: We analyzed data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2011 with primary discharge diagnosis of @entity1 and secondary diagnosis of @entity2 . Propensity score matching was used to assemble a cohort of @entity0 managed invasively (with cardiac catheterization, percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass graft surgery) vs conservatively with similar baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: We identified 60,833 @entity0 with @entity2 , of which 20,644 @entity0 (10,322 in each group) with similar propensity scores, including 11,004 elderly @entity0 (>= 75 years), were in the final analysis. @entity0 who underwent invasive management had 59% lower odds of in-hospital mortality (37.7% vs 59.7%; odds ratio [OR] 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-0.43; P < .0001) when compared with those managed conservatively. This lower mortality was consistently seen across all tested subgroups; specifically in the elderly (>= 75 years) (44.0% vs 63.6%; OR 0.45; 95% CI, 0.42-0.49; P  <  .0001) and those younger than 75 years (30.6% vs 55.1%; OR 0.36; 95% CI, 0.33-0.39; P < .0001), although the magnitude of risk reduction differed (Pinteraction < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: In this largest cohort of @entity0 with @entity2 complicating @entity1 , @entity0 managed invasively had significantly lower mortality when compared with those managed conservatively, even in the elderly. Our results emphasize the need for aggressive management in this high-risk subgroup.

title: Outcomes with invasive vs conservative management of XXXX complicating @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the SHOCK trial, an invasive strategy of early revascularization was associated with a significant mortality benefit at 6 months when compared with initial stabilization in @entity0 with @entity2 complicating @entity1 . Our objectives were to evaluate the data on real-world practice and outcomes of invasive vs conservative management in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: We analyzed data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2011 with primary discharge diagnosis of @entity1 and secondary diagnosis of @entity2 . Propensity score matching was used to assemble a cohort of @entity0 managed invasively (with cardiac catheterization, percutaneous coronary intervention, or coronary artery bypass graft surgery) vs conservatively with similar baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: We identified 60,833 @entity0 with @entity2 , of which 20,644 @entity0 (10,322 in each group) with similar propensity scores, including 11,004 elderly @entity0 (>= 75 years), were in the final analysis. @entity0 who underwent invasive management had 59% lower odds of in-hospital mortality (37.7% vs 59.7%; odds ratio [OR] 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39-0.43; P < .0001) when compared with those managed conservatively. This lower mortality was consistently seen across all tested subgroups; specifically in the elderly (>= 75 years) (44.0% vs 63.6%; OR 0.45; 95% CI, 0.42-0.49; P  <  .0001) and those younger than 75 years (30.6% vs 55.1%; OR 0.36; 95% CI, 0.33-0.39; P < .0001), although the magnitude of risk reduction differed (Pinteraction < .0001). CONCLUSIONS: In this largest cohort of @entity0 with @entity2 complicating @entity1 , @entity0 managed invasively had significantly lower mortality when compared with those managed conservatively, even in the elderly. Our results emphasize the need for aggressive management in this high-risk subgroup.

title: Outcomes with invasive vs conservative management of @entity2 complicating XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The surgical treatment of large @entity3 with suprasellar extensions has been controversial. To elucidate the indications for transsphenoidal surgery of large @entity2 and to evaluate the techniques for removing the suprasellar portions of the @entity1 , surgical procedures on 100 consecutive @entity0 with suprasellar extensions of nonfunctioning @entity3 were retrospectively investigated. @entity0 were followed up for 1 to 12 years (mean, 4.5 yr). One hundred twenty-five transsphenoidal operations were performed on 100 @entity0 . The removal of each suprasellar @entity1 was facilitated by the placement of a lumbar subarachnoid catheter and the injection of lactated Ringer's solution or saline. This method was used in 77 operations and was effective on 60 of 72 @entity2 with < 30-mm suprasellar extensions (Hardy's Grades A, B, and C) but not on those that were fibrous or dumbbell-shaped. The descent of the remaining suprasellar @entity1 was facilitated by keeping the sella and sellar floor open with an intrasellar drain, and the subsequent removal was achieved with staged transsphenoidal operations. Of nine fibrous or dumbbell-shaped @entity2 with 10- to 30-mm suprasellar extensions, gross total removal in eight was achieved by the open sella technique and two-stage transsphenoidal operation, whereas one required transcranial surgery. @entity2 with > 30-mm suprasellar or lateral extensions (Grade D) could not be removed sufficiently by transsphenoidal operations, except one @entity2 for which a subtotal removal was achieved in the third staged operation. The disease-free rate 10 years after operation was 74% for all @entity0 : 91% for Grade A, 74% for Grade B, and 61% for Grade C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The transsphenoidal removal of nonfunctioning XXXX with suprasellar extensions: the open sella method and intentionally staged operation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: To date, early oral feeding after gastrectomy for @entity2 has not been accepted universally. Therefore, we performed a randomized clinical trial to determine whether early oral feeding after curative surgery for @entity2 can be tolerated and whether it has an effect on recovery. METHODS: From July 2008 to February 2009, 58 @entity0 were enrolled and 4 were excluded according to set criteria. The @entity0 in the early feeding group began a liquid diet on the second postoperative day, and then were fed a soft diet from the third day until the day they were discharged. The @entity0 in the control group began a liquid diet on the fourth day. The primary endpoint of this study was the duration of postoperative hospitalization. RESULTS: No significant differences were found in the clinico-operative characteristics between the 2 groups. The duration of hospitalization (P = .044) and time until flatus (P = .036) in the early group were decreased significantly. With regard to the rates of morbidity, cost of hospitalization, postoperative symptoms, and @entity1 scales, no significant differences were found. The quality of life scores were decreased significantly at the fatigue (P = .007) and @entity3 and @entity4 (P = .048) immediately after operation in the early feeding group. CONCLUSION: Early oral feeding after @entity2 surgery is feasible and can result in shorter hospitalization and improvements in several aspects of quality of life in the early postoperative period.

title: Effect of early oral feeding after XXXX surgery: a result of randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Kwashiorkor is a clinical manifestation of global @entity8 that is described mainly in @entity0 in developing countries initially presenting @entity6 -like @entity4 associated with @entity1 . OBSERVATION: We report the case of a 44-year-old @entity0 with dark skin who had undergone bariatric surgery for treatment of @entity2 without regular monitoring and who was hospitalized in our dermatology department four years later. She had diffuse @entity1 and @entity6 -like cutaneous lesions on pigmented skin that had developed for two months despite daily application of topical corticosteroids. Clinical signs, the collapse of serum albumin and histopathological analysis of skin tissue were evocative of @entity9 . Her symptoms subsided after several weeks of a nutritional programme. DISCUSSION: Kwashiorkor is a clinical entity described chiefly in @entity0 in developing countries. Cutaneous involvement comprising @entity4 associated with diffuse @entity1 is prominent. Treatment with protein supplementation alone is effective and avoids many complications such as @entity5 . Obesity is a serious and common disease in Western countries affecting one third of the world's population, and for which treatment with bariatric surgery may be indicated. Without regular monitoring, this surgery can cause severe @entity7 . Consequently, in the future there will seemingly be a greater likelihood of @entity9 in adults as an iatrogenic complication of @entity3 treatment. Its semiology needs to be underlined because of the simplicity and efficacy of treatment.

title: [Adult XXXX : A rare complication of bariatric surgery.]

answer: @entity9


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the epidemiology and outcomes of posttraumatic upper (UEA) and lower extremity amputations (LEA). The National @entity1 Databank version 5 was used to identify all posttraumatic amputations. From 2000 to 2004 there were 8910 amputated @entity0 (1.0% of all @entity1 @entity0 ). Of these, 6855 (76.9%) had digit and 2055 (23.1%) had limb amputation. Of those with limb amputation, 92.7 per cent (1904/2055) had a single limb amputation. LEA were more frequent than UEA among @entity0 in the single limb amputation group (58.9% vs 41.1%). The mechanism of injury was blunt in 83 per cent; most commonly after motor vehicle collisions (51.0%), followed by machinery accidents (19.4%). Motor vehicle collision occupants had more UEA (54.5% vs 45.5%, P < 0.001), whereas motorcyclists (86.2% vs 13.8%, P < 0.001) and pedestrians (91.9% vs 8.1%, P < 0.001) had more LEA. @entity0 with LEA were more likely to require discharge to a skilled nursing facility; whereas those with UEA were more likely to be discharged home. Traumatic limb amputation is not uncommon after @entity1 in the civilian population and is associated with significant morbidity. Although single limb amputation did not impact mortality, the need for multiple limb amputation was an independent risk factor for @entity2 .

title: Epidemiology of post-traumatic limb amputation: a National XXXX Databank analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECTIVE. To review disease spectrum and treatment patterns in a local @entity5 clinic. DESIGN. Case series. SETTING. @entity5 clinic in a teaching hospital in Hong Kong. @entity0 . @entity0 who were seen as new cases in a local @entity5 clinic between January 2008 and December 2012. INTERVENTION. Infertility assessment and counselling on treatment options. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES. Disease spectrum and treatment patterns. RESULTS. A total of 387 new @entity0 were assessed in the @entity5 clinic. The mean age of the @entity0 and their female partners was 37.2 and 32.1 years, respectively. The median duration of @entity1 was 3 years. Among the @entity0 , 36.2% had @entity4 , 8.0% had @entity6 , and 48.3% of @entity0 had other @entity3 . The commonest causes of @entity5 were unknown (idiopathic), clinically significant varicoceles, @entity6 , @entity7 after puberty, and erectile or @entity2 . Overall, 66.1% of @entity0 chose assisted reproductive treatment and 12.4% of @entity0 preferred surgical correction of reversible @entity5 conditions. Altogether 36.7% of @entity0 required either surgical sperm retrieval or correction of @entity5 conditions. CONCLUSIONS. The present study provided important local data on the disease spectrum and treatment patterns in a @entity5 clinic. The incidences of @entity4 and @entity6 were much higher than those reported in the contemporary literature. A significant proportion of @entity0 required either surgical sperm retrieval or correction of reversible @entity5 conditions.

title: Disease spectrum and treatment patterns in a local XXXX clinic.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Thirty @entity0 with incurable @entity1 were treated with self expanding oesophageal memory metal stents (Ultraflex) in a prospective study. The endoprostheses were successfully placed in all @entity0 . Within one week after implantation @entity3 had improved in 25 of 30 @entity0 (83%). Stent expansion was incomplete within one week after implantation in 12 of 30 @entity0 (40%). After an average of two dilatation sessions eight of 12 stents had expanded completely. Five @entity0 complained of @entity2 and three of them suffered from heartburn over several days despite acid inhibition. Major problems in the follow up period occurred in 10 of 30 @entity0 (30%) and included late perforation (one) and @entity1 ingrowth/overgrowth (nine). All of these complications were treated endoscopically. Improvement of the @entity3 of the @entity0 with @entity1 ingrowth/overgrowth lasted for about eight weeks (median; range: 2-38 weeks). Until November 1994 six of 30 @entity0 were still alive with a survival time of 309 days (median; range: 103-368 days). It is concluded that oesophageal memory metal stents are easy to implant, prove effective in the palliation of @entity1 , and have a low risk of severe complications. The only disadvantages are that incomplete initial stent expansion as well as @entity1 ingrowth/overgrowth occurred in nearly one third of the @entity0 .

title: Memory metal stents for palliation of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Arboviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes and other arthropods to @entity0 and animals. The risk associated with these viruses is increasing worldwide, including new emergence in Europe and the Americas. Anopheline mosquitoes are vectors of @entity0 @entity2 but are believed to transmit one known arbovirus, @entity6 , whereas Aedes mosquitoes transmit many. Anopheles interactions with viruses have been little studied, and the initial antiviral response in the midgut has not been examined. Here, we determine the antiviral immune pathways of the @entity3 midgut, the initial site of @entity4 after an infective blood meal. We compare them with the responses of the post-midgut systemic compartment, which is the site of the subsequent disseminated @entity4 . Normal @entity4 of the midgut requires bacterial flora and is inhibited by the activities of @entity5 ( @entity5 ), JAK/STAT, and Leu-rich repeat immune factors. We show that the exogenous siRNA pathway, thought of as the canonical mosquito antiviral pathway, plays no detectable role in antiviral defense in the midgut but only protects later in the systemic compartment. These results alter the prevailing antiviral paradigm by describing distinct protective mechanisms in different body compartments and @entity1 stages. Importantly, the presence of the midgut bacterial flora is required for full viral infectivity to Anopheles, in contrast to @entity1 , where the presence of the midgut bacterial flora is required for protection against @entity1 . Thus, the enteric flora controls a reciprocal protection tradeoff in the vector for resistance to different @entity0 pathogens.

title: Antiviral immunity of XXXX is highly compartmentalized, with distinct roles for RNA interference and gut microbiota.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Despite the chronic exposure of the US population to fluoridated drinking water since the 1940s, existing studies have been judged inadequate to determine any potential reproductive or developmental hazard. This study was conducted to determine the effects of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) on foetal development. Sperm-positive female @entity1 were given 0, 10, 25, 100, 175 or 250 ppm @entity3 daily throughout gestation. They were dosed by drinking water to mimic @entity0 exposure to fluoridated water. No dose-related behavioural changes or maternal clinical signs were noted. Fluid consumption by females in the 175- and 250-ppm groups was significantly less than that of the control females. Because of this decreased fluid consumption, the daily amount of @entity3 ingested (0, 1.4, 3.9, 15.6, 24.7 and 25.1 mg/kg body weight) was less than expected at the two high levels. Feed consumption decreased significantly at 250 ppm, and body weights of pregnant females reflected feed consumption trends. The mean number of viable foetuses per female in all treated groups was similar to that of the control group. The significant decrease in the mean number of implants per litter in the 250-ppm group is probably linked to the lower mean number of corpora lutea in this group. The occurrence of in utero deaths was similar in the control and treated groups. Foetal growth (in terms of foetal body weight and crown-rump length) was not affected by @entity3 , despite the fact that the dams in the 250-ppm group ate significantly less feed and drank significantly less fluid. There was no dose-related increase in the number of external anomalies in foetuses due to @entity3 ingestion. At the doses given, @entity3 had no effect on the development of specific bones, including sternebrae. A significant increase was seen in the average number of foetuses with three or more skeletal variations in the 250-ppm group; the number of litters with foetuses with three or more skeletal variations was increased in the 250-ppm group also, but the increase was not significant. There was no dose-related effect of @entity3 on the incidence of soft tissue variations.

title: Developmental toxicity of XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Despite the chronic exposure of the US population to fluoridated drinking water since the 1940s, existing studies have been judged inadequate to determine any potential reproductive or developmental hazard. This study was conducted to determine the effects of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) on foetal development. Sperm-positive female @entity1 were given 0, 10, 25, 100, 175 or 250 ppm @entity3 daily throughout gestation. They were dosed by drinking water to mimic @entity0 exposure to fluoridated water. No dose-related behavioural changes or maternal clinical signs were noted. Fluid consumption by females in the 175- and 250-ppm groups was significantly less than that of the control females. Because of this decreased fluid consumption, the daily amount of @entity3 ingested (0, 1.4, 3.9, 15.6, 24.7 and 25.1 mg/kg body weight) was less than expected at the two high levels. Feed consumption decreased significantly at 250 ppm, and body weights of pregnant females reflected feed consumption trends. The mean number of viable foetuses per female in all treated groups was similar to that of the control group. The significant decrease in the mean number of implants per litter in the 250-ppm group is probably linked to the lower mean number of corpora lutea in this group. The occurrence of in utero deaths was similar in the control and treated groups. Foetal growth (in terms of foetal body weight and crown-rump length) was not affected by @entity3 , despite the fact that the dams in the 250-ppm group ate significantly less feed and drank significantly less fluid. There was no dose-related increase in the number of external anomalies in foetuses due to @entity3 ingestion. At the doses given, @entity3 had no effect on the development of specific bones, including sternebrae. A significant increase was seen in the average number of foetuses with three or more skeletal variations in the 250-ppm group; the number of litters with foetuses with three or more skeletal variations was increased in the 250-ppm group also, but the increase was not significant. There was no dose-related effect of @entity3 on the incidence of soft tissue variations.

title: Developmental toxicity of @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate aortic neck changes, specifically @entity1 , over a 10-year period in @entity0 undergoing @entity2 repair (EVAR) for @entity3 . METHODS: All @entity0 who underwent elective EVAR at our institution from 1998 through 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. Among these, 103 @entity0 (96 @entity0 ; mean age 71 years, range 35-84) who received the 3 most frequently implanted self-expanding stent-grafts (35 Talent, 39 Excluder, and 29 Zenith) and had a minimum 3-month imaging follow-up at our department were selected for this study. All diameters were measured perpendicular to the centerline of flow on computed tomography; baseline data were derived from the first postoperative scan. Stent-graft migration was measured from the lowermost renal artery to the first strut of the stent-graft. Based on intra- and interobserver error measurements, a minimum change of 2 mm defined @entity1 . RESULTS: During a mean follow-up of 39.4 months (range 3-108.8), @entity1 (>2 mm) was found in 10 @entity0 (28.6%, 95% CI 14.6-46.3) in the Talent group, 4 (10.3%, 95% CI 2.9-24.2) in the Excluder group, and 9 (31.0%, 95% CI 15.3-50.8) in the Zenith group (p=0.299). In 7 (31%) of the 23 @entity0 with neck dilatation, additional therapy was necessary. Suprarenal changes were found in 6 @entity0 (17.1%, 95% CI 6.6-33.6), 8 @entity0 (20.5%, 95% CI 9.3-36.5), and 5 @entity0 (17.2%, 95% CI 5.8-35.8), respectively (p=0.218). Stent-graft migration >2 mm was seen in 2 (1.9%) of the 103 @entity0 in follow-up. The overall endoleak rates were 37.1% for Talent, 30.8% for Excluder, and 37.9% for Zenith (p>0.05). Two @entity0 were converted to open repair owing to Talent stent-graft migration and persistent type I leak (Zenith). The overall reintervention rate was 13.6% (13/103). CONCLUSION: Only a small number of the @entity0 treated with self-expanding stent-grafts show notable @entity1 , which does not appear to be related to the stent-graft model. Almost all cases of @entity1 exceeded the percentage of oversizing; less than a third of @entity0 with @entity1 required therapy.

title: Influence of different self-expanding stent-graft types on remodeling of the aortic neck after XXXX repair.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Haemonchus parasites are responsible for many losses in animal production. However, few studies are available, especially of @entity2 . In this study, we investigated mRNA differences of immune response genes in na  ve Nellore @entity1 infected with Haemonchus placei, relating these differences to patterns of cellular infiltrate. @entity1 were @entity0 . placei L3 larvae and after 7 days lymph node and abomasum tissues were collected. @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity4 , IL-12, @entity7 , IFN-y, @entity8 , @entity9 , pepsinogen and @entity5 genes were evaluated by qPCR. Mast cells, eosinophils and globular leukocytes were counted by abomasum histology. In the infected group, @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity5 were up-regulated in the abomasal lymph node. In the abomasum, @entity7 increased and @entity5 was down-regulated (p<0.05). No differences were detected for mast cells and eosinophil counts in abomasal tissue (p>0.05). We conclude that for this infection time, there was Th2 polarization but that cellular infiltrate in abomasal tissue takes longer to develop.

title: mRNA profile of Nellore XXXX after @entity0 with Haemonchus placei.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Haemonchus parasites are responsible for many losses in animal production. However, few studies are available, especially of @entity2 . In this study, we investigated mRNA differences of immune response genes in na  ve Nellore @entity1 infected with Haemonchus placei, relating these differences to patterns of cellular infiltrate. @entity1 were @entity0 . placei L3 larvae and after 7 days lymph node and abomasum tissues were collected. @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity4 , IL-12, @entity7 , IFN-y, @entity8 , @entity9 , pepsinogen and @entity5 genes were evaluated by qPCR. Mast cells, eosinophils and globular leukocytes were counted by abomasum histology. In the infected group, @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity5 were up-regulated in the abomasal lymph node. In the abomasum, @entity7 increased and @entity5 was down-regulated (p<0.05). No differences were detected for mast cells and eosinophil counts in abomasal tissue (p>0.05). We conclude that for this infection time, there was Th2 polarization but that cellular infiltrate in abomasal tissue takes longer to develop.

title: mRNA profile of Nellore @entity1 after XXXX with Haemonchus placei.

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1 are common among @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and may modify @entity0 ' preferences for life-sustaining therapy. Examining the relationship between @entity0 preferences for life-sustaining treatments and @entity1 is important for clinicians engaging in end-of-life care discussions. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether a history of @entity1 or active @entity1 is associated with preferences for life-sustaining therapies among veterans with @entity2 . METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 376 veterans who participated in a randomized trial to improve the occurrence and quality of end-of-life communication between providers and @entity0 . @entity1 were assessed by self-reported history and the Mental Health Index-5 survey. Preferences for mechanical ventilation (MV) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were assessed using standardized instruments. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to adjust for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: @entity0 were older @entity0 with severe @entity2 . A substantial proportion of @entity0 noted that they would want MV (64.2%) or CPR (77.8%). @entity1 history and active symptoms were not associated with preferences for MV and CPR either before or after adjusting for confounding variables. CONCLUSION: @entity1 history and active symptoms among veterans with severe @entity2 were not associated with their decisions for life-sustaining treatments. Clinicians caring for @entity0 with @entity2 should understand the importance of assessing and treating @entity0 with @entity1 , yet recognize that @entity1 may not be predictive of a @entity0 declining life-sustaining treatments.

title: The association of XXXX and preferences for life-sustaining treatments in veterans with @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity1 are common among @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and may modify @entity0 ' preferences for life-sustaining therapy. Examining the relationship between @entity0 preferences for life-sustaining treatments and @entity1 is important for clinicians engaging in end-of-life care discussions. OBJECTIVES: To assess whether a history of @entity1 or active @entity1 is associated with preferences for life-sustaining therapies among veterans with @entity2 . METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of 376 veterans who participated in a randomized trial to improve the occurrence and quality of end-of-life communication between providers and @entity0 . @entity1 were assessed by self-reported history and the Mental Health Index-5 survey. Preferences for mechanical ventilation (MV) and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were assessed using standardized instruments. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to adjust for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: @entity0 were older @entity0 with severe @entity2 . A substantial proportion of @entity0 noted that they would want MV (64.2%) or CPR (77.8%). @entity1 history and active symptoms were not associated with preferences for MV and CPR either before or after adjusting for confounding variables. CONCLUSION: @entity1 history and active symptoms among veterans with severe @entity2 were not associated with their decisions for life-sustaining treatments. Clinicians caring for @entity0 with @entity2 should understand the importance of assessing and treating @entity0 with @entity1 , yet recognize that @entity1 may not be predictive of a @entity0 declining life-sustaining treatments.

title: The association of @entity1 and preferences for life-sustaining treatments in veterans with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Ambulation limitation is the hallmark of impairment in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Capacity and performance have been defined as two distinct aspects of disability. Previous literature suggests that a @entity0 's walking capacity may not be reflected in their daily walking performance. PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between survey instruments, tested walking capacity, and daily ambulatory performance in @entity0 diagnosed with @entity3 . STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Prospective laboratory and clinical observational study at a tertiary care spine clinic. @entity0 SAMPLE: Twelve subjects with @entity3 significant enough to be scheduled for epidural injection. OUTCOME MEASURES: Questionnaire (including the Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire, @entity1 Disability Index, @entity2 Index, Quebec Back @entity1 Disability Scale, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey), laboratory walk testing (walking capacity), and activity monitors (community ambulation). METHODS: Subjects filled out functional questionnaires, performed a Self-Paced Walking Test ( @entity4 ) of up to 30 minutes, and wore an Actigraph activity monitor during walking hours for 7 days. RESULTS: There was no statistically @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and community ambulation per day (activity monitors), however, the maximum time of continuous activity during community ambulation had a strong relationship (r=0.63) with the @entity4 . Fifteen self-report measures of ambulation were significantly correlated with the @entity4 , activity monitor, or both. Of these, 13 (87%) were more highly correlated to the @entity4 than the activity monitor. The @entity4 had a strong relationship (r>0.60, p<.05) with global function scales but community ambulation did not. CONCLUSIONS: Walking capacity and walking performance in @entity3 appear to be different constructs. Survey instruments appear to reflect capacity rather than performance. This dissociation between walking capacity and walking performance has implications for the clinical management and outcomes assessment of @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Walking assessment in @entity0 with XXXX : capacity, performance, and self-report measures.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND CONTEXT: Ambulation limitation is the hallmark of impairment in @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Capacity and performance have been defined as two distinct aspects of disability. Previous literature suggests that a @entity0 's walking capacity may not be reflected in their daily walking performance. PURPOSE: To examine the relationship between survey instruments, tested walking capacity, and daily ambulatory performance in @entity0 diagnosed with @entity3 . STUDY DESIGN/SETTING: Prospective laboratory and clinical observational study at a tertiary care spine clinic. @entity0 SAMPLE: Twelve subjects with @entity3 significant enough to be scheduled for epidural injection. OUTCOME MEASURES: Questionnaire (including the Swiss Spinal Stenosis Questionnaire, @entity1 Disability Index, @entity2 Index, Quebec Back @entity1 Disability Scale, and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey), laboratory walk testing (walking capacity), and activity monitors (community ambulation). METHODS: Subjects filled out functional questionnaires, performed a Self-Paced Walking Test ( @entity4 ) of up to 30 minutes, and wore an Actigraph activity monitor during walking hours for 7 days. RESULTS: There was no statistically @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and community ambulation per day (activity monitors), however, the maximum time of continuous activity during community ambulation had a strong relationship (r=0.63) with the @entity4 . Fifteen self-report measures of ambulation were significantly correlated with the @entity4 , activity monitor, or both. Of these, 13 (87%) were more highly correlated to the @entity4 than the activity monitor. The @entity4 had a strong relationship (r>0.60, p<.05) with global function scales but community ambulation did not. CONCLUSIONS: Walking capacity and walking performance in @entity3 appear to be different constructs. Survey instruments appear to reflect capacity rather than performance. This dissociation between walking capacity and walking performance has implications for the clinical management and outcomes assessment of @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Walking assessment in XXXX with @entity3 : capacity, performance, and self-report measures.

answer: @entity0


abstract: IMPORTANCE: A large number of genes can cause inherited @entity2 when mutated. It is important to identify the cause of disease for a better disease prognosis and a possible gene-specific therapeutic intervention. OBJECTIVE: To identify the cause of disease in families with @entity3 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : @entity0 and family members were recruited for the study and underwent clinical evaluation and genetic analyses. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Identification of sequence variants in genes using next-generation sequencing. RESULTS: We performed exome sequencing for 4 families, which was followed by Sanger sequencing of the identified mutations in 120 ethnicity-matched @entity0 . In total, we identified 4 @entity4 missense mutations that cause @entity3 . Three siblings of Moroccan Jewish ancestry were compound heterozygotes for @entity5 and @entity6 , and 6 @entity0 belonging to 4 families of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry were homozygous for either @entity7 or @entity8 , or compound heterozygous for these 2 mutations. The mutations cosegregated with @entity3 in the studied families, and the affected @entity1 residues are evolutionarily conserved. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Our study shows that @entity4 mutations can cause @entity3 and highlights yet another candidate for this genetically heterogeneous condition.

title: Association Between Missense Mutations in the @entity4 Gene and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: IMPORTANCE: A large number of genes can cause inherited @entity2 when mutated. It is important to identify the cause of disease for a better disease prognosis and a possible gene-specific therapeutic intervention. OBJECTIVE: To identify the cause of disease in families with @entity3 . DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : @entity0 and family members were recruited for the study and underwent clinical evaluation and genetic analyses. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Identification of sequence variants in genes using next-generation sequencing. RESULTS: We performed exome sequencing for 4 families, which was followed by Sanger sequencing of the identified mutations in 120 ethnicity-matched @entity0 . In total, we identified 4 @entity4 missense mutations that cause @entity3 . Three siblings of Moroccan Jewish ancestry were compound heterozygotes for @entity5 and @entity6 , and 6 @entity0 belonging to 4 families of Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry were homozygous for either @entity7 or @entity8 , or compound heterozygous for these 2 mutations. The mutations cosegregated with @entity3 in the studied families, and the affected @entity1 residues are evolutionarily conserved. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Our study shows that @entity4 mutations can cause @entity3 and highlights yet another candidate for this genetically heterogeneous condition.

title: Association Between Missense Mutations in the XXXX Gene and @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: A high level of circulating @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity0 with @entity3 could potentially complicate peripheral blood stem cell (PSC) collection. The mononuclear @entity1 might comprise a significant fraction of the total mononuclear cells in the final product. We report a successful PSC collection in a @entity0 with more @entity1 than WBC in the peripheral blood. A 27-year-old @entity0 with @entity2 underwent eight PSC collection procedures, seven using the Cobe Spectra (Spectra) and one using the Fenwal CS3000 Plus (CS). PSC product manipulations to remove @entity1 were unnecessary. As assessed by post-collection @entity1 : WBC ratio as a percent of the initial ratio, Spectra selectively harvested mononuclear leukocytes over @entity1 . The collected products had a mean @entity1 : WBC ratio that was 3.4% of the peripheral blood ratio. Adequate numbers of mononuclear leukocytes were collected with less than 6% @entity1 contamination. The single CS procedure resulted in a comparable @entity1 reduction efficiency as the Spectra. We conclude that PSC harvest using automated blood cell separators from @entity0 with a high level of circulating @entity1 may result in a product with an acceptable number of @entity1 .

title: Peripheral blood stem cell collection in a @entity0 with XXXX and a high circulating nucleated red cell fraction.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A high level of circulating @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity0 with @entity3 could potentially complicate peripheral blood stem cell (PSC) collection. The mononuclear @entity1 might comprise a significant fraction of the total mononuclear cells in the final product. We report a successful PSC collection in a @entity0 with more @entity1 than WBC in the peripheral blood. A 27-year-old @entity0 with @entity2 underwent eight PSC collection procedures, seven using the Cobe Spectra (Spectra) and one using the Fenwal CS3000 Plus (CS). PSC product manipulations to remove @entity1 were unnecessary. As assessed by post-collection @entity1 : WBC ratio as a percent of the initial ratio, Spectra selectively harvested mononuclear leukocytes over @entity1 . The collected products had a mean @entity1 : WBC ratio that was 3.4% of the peripheral blood ratio. Adequate numbers of mononuclear leukocytes were collected with less than 6% @entity1 contamination. The single CS procedure resulted in a comparable @entity1 reduction efficiency as the Spectra. We conclude that PSC harvest using automated blood cell separators from @entity0 with a high level of circulating @entity1 may result in a product with an acceptable number of @entity1 .

title: Peripheral blood stem cell collection in a XXXX with @entity2 and a high circulating nucleated red cell fraction.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We previously showed that @entity1 was easily induced in suncus by starvation and that the plasma level of @entity2 (apo B) was very low. There are three possible explanations for the low level of apo B in the animals: low synthetic rate, low secretion rate, and rapid catabolism in the circulation of apo B. We measured post-heparin lipolytic activity (lipoprotein lipase activity), which plays a key role in the catabolism of apo B-containing lipoprotein, VLDL, and found no difference between @entity0 and suncus. We also investigated the hepatic synthetic rate of apo B by liver perfusion studies. Newly synthesized apo B in the suncus liver was detected by immunoprecipitation and found to amount to 12.5% of that in @entity0 . The secretion rate of VLDL in suncus, which was estimated by intravenous injection of @entity3 , was 13.8% of that in @entity0 . These two results suggest that there is no major defect in the secretory process. We separated Golgi apparatus from @entity0 and suncus livers, and found much fewer lipoprotein particles in suncus than in @entity0 Golgi apparatus. This evidence suggests that there is no defect in the lipolytic process or hepatic secretory process of apo B-containing lipoprotein, VLDL, but there may be a defect in the assembly process of VLDL and/or in the synthetic process of apo B in suncus. Such a defect may be one of the reasons for starvation-induced @entity1 in suncus.

title: Defect in assembly process of very-low-density lipoprotein in suncus liver: an animal model of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is a frequent problem in @entity0 undergoing surgery. In particular, gastrectomy is associated with a high risk of @entity3 . However, there are few reports of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) after gastrectomy in the English-language literature. We reviewed the literature to assess the effectiveness of various techniques for preventing adhesion in @entity0 treated with gastrectomy. We assumed that strategies used to prevent @entity1 associated with colorectal surgery, cholecystectomy, appendectomy and gynecologic procedures are similar to those used in gastrectomy. We therefore reviewed reports on the prevention of postoperative @entity3 in any abdominal surgical procedure, focusing especially on gastrectomy. General intraoperative preventive techniques, such as the use of starch-free gloves, saline irrigation at a temperature below 37    C and laparoscopic techniques whenever possible, may reduce the incidence of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 who undergo gastrectomy. If preserving the omentum is unrelated to the survival rate of @entity0 with @entity2 , this technique should be recommended for preventing postoperative @entity3 . The use of hyaluronic acid/ @entity4 bioabsorbable membranes should also be considered in @entity0 undergoing gastrectomy. However, demonstrating the advantages of bioabsorbable membranes would require larger randomized studies with a longer follow-up period.

title: Prevention of XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is a frequent problem in @entity0 undergoing surgery. In particular, gastrectomy is associated with a high risk of @entity3 . However, there are few reports of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) after gastrectomy in the English-language literature. We reviewed the literature to assess the effectiveness of various techniques for preventing adhesion in @entity0 treated with gastrectomy. We assumed that strategies used to prevent @entity1 associated with colorectal surgery, cholecystectomy, appendectomy and gynecologic procedures are similar to those used in gastrectomy. We therefore reviewed reports on the prevention of postoperative @entity3 in any abdominal surgical procedure, focusing especially on gastrectomy. General intraoperative preventive techniques, such as the use of starch-free gloves, saline irrigation at a temperature below 37    C and laparoscopic techniques whenever possible, may reduce the incidence of @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 who undergo gastrectomy. If preserving the omentum is unrelated to the survival rate of @entity0 with @entity2 , this technique should be recommended for preventing postoperative @entity3 . The use of hyaluronic acid/ @entity4 bioabsorbable membranes should also be considered in @entity0 undergoing gastrectomy. However, demonstrating the advantages of bioabsorbable membranes would require larger randomized studies with a longer follow-up period.

title: Prevention of @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: RecBCD enzyme is essential for the major pathway of homologous recombination of linear DNA in @entity0 . It is a potent nuclease and helicase and, during its unwinding of double-stranded DNA, makes single-strand scissions in the vicinity of Chi recombination hot spots. We report here that both the strand that is cut and the position of the cuts relative to Chi depended on the @entity1 to @entity2 ratio. With @entity1 in excess, Chi-dependent nicks occurred, as we have previously reported, four to six @entity3 to the 3'-side of the Chi octamer (5'-GCTGGTGG-3') and were detected only on the strand bearing that sequence. Three differences were seen with @entity2 in excess. 1) Chi-dependent 3'-ends were produced on the GCTGGTGG-containing strand closer to and within the Chi octamer. 2) Chi-dependent cuts occurred on the complementary DNA strand. 3) RecBCD enzyme destroyed the 3'-terminated strand of DNA from its entry point up to the vicinity of the Chi site, as others have previously reported. We show here that, with @entity2 in excess, the enzyme continued to travel along DNA, after encountering a Chi site, releasing both strands of the DNA distal to Chi as single strands. We discuss potential biological consequences of these two modes of RecBCD enzyme-Chi interaction.

title: Strand specificity of nicking of DNA at Chi sites by RecBCD enzyme. Modulation by XXXX and magnesium levels.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of response to @entity4 ( @entity5 ) in early @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: In the SWEFOT trial, @entity0 with @entity1 with symptom duration <1 year started @entity5 monotherapy (20 mg/weekly) and 405/487 continued until the 3-4- month visit. The primary outcome measure was the DAS28-based European League against @entity3 (EULAR) response criteria. Multivariate logistic regression was used to study the association between response and the following baseline characteristics: gender, age, symptom duration, cigarette smoking habits, autoantibody status, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score, concurrent @entity2 and treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Secondary response and remission measures were the American College of Rheumatology and the Simple Disease Activity Index and Clinical Disease Activity Index (SDAI/CDAI)-derived criteria. RESULTS: After 3-4 months of @entity5 treatment, the frequency of EULAR good/moderate/no response was 34%/41%/25%, respectively. Parameters associated with a decreased likelihood of EULAR response were female gender (adjusted OR (adj OR) 0.50, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.81), symptom duration (adj OR per month increase 0.93, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.99), current smoking (adj OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.63) and higher @entity6 (adj OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.80). Parameters associated with an increased likelihood of EULAR response were higher age (adj OR per 10-year increase 1.30, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.51) and @entity2 treatment (adj OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.43 to 5.63). The findings were similar when @entity0 on @entity2 were excluded and other response criteria tested, although current smoking was the only significant predictor using all response criteria, while HAQ was the only significant predictor of all the remission criteria used. A matrix showed up to ninefold differences between subgroups stratified by the main predictors. CONCLUSION: Current smoking, female sex, longer symptom duration and younger age predict a worse response to @entity5 in @entity0 with new-onset @entity1 . TrialRegNo NCT00764725.

title: Predictors of response to XXXX in early DMARD naive @entity1 : results from the initial open-label phase of the SWEFOT trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors of response to @entity4 ( @entity5 ) in early @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: In the SWEFOT trial, @entity0 with @entity1 with symptom duration <1 year started @entity5 monotherapy (20 mg/weekly) and 405/487 continued until the 3-4- month visit. The primary outcome measure was the DAS28-based European League against @entity3 (EULAR) response criteria. Multivariate logistic regression was used to study the association between response and the following baseline characteristics: gender, age, symptom duration, cigarette smoking habits, autoantibody status, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score, concurrent @entity2 and treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Secondary response and remission measures were the American College of Rheumatology and the Simple Disease Activity Index and Clinical Disease Activity Index (SDAI/CDAI)-derived criteria. RESULTS: After 3-4 months of @entity5 treatment, the frequency of EULAR good/moderate/no response was 34%/41%/25%, respectively. Parameters associated with a decreased likelihood of EULAR response were female gender (adjusted OR (adj OR) 0.50, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.81), symptom duration (adj OR per month increase 0.93, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.99), current smoking (adj OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.63) and higher @entity6 (adj OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.40 to 0.80). Parameters associated with an increased likelihood of EULAR response were higher age (adj OR per 10-year increase 1.30, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.51) and @entity2 treatment (adj OR 2.84, 95% CI 1.43 to 5.63). The findings were similar when @entity0 on @entity2 were excluded and other response criteria tested, although current smoking was the only significant predictor using all response criteria, while HAQ was the only significant predictor of all the remission criteria used. A matrix showed up to ninefold differences between subgroups stratified by the main predictors. CONCLUSION: Current smoking, female sex, longer symptom duration and younger age predict a worse response to @entity5 in @entity0 with new-onset @entity1 . TrialRegNo NCT00764725.

title: Predictors of response to @entity4 in early DMARD naive XXXX : results from the initial open-label phase of the SWEFOT trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) in @entity2 . METHODS: In this prospective study, 20 @entity0 with recent onset (<6  weeks) unilateral @entity3 were studied with the fellow eye acting as control. BCVA, psychophysical parameters, FFA, OCT, flash and pattern @entity4 were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean P50 amplitude in the affected eye at presentation was 2.36      0.8  v compared to 3.24      0.85  v in the normal eye. At 12  weeks, the mean P50 amplitude in the affected eye was 3.16      0.88  v compared to 3.63      0.82  v in the normal eye. The reduction of 27  % in P50 amplitude even after recovery was statistically significant (P  <  0.001). A reduction of 19.77  % in the amplitude of N95 wave in the affected eye compared to the normal eye was seen, which was statistically significant (P  <  0.001). In the affected eye, there was statistically significant improvement in the psychophysical tests at 12  weeks. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that P50 component of the PERG is reduced in cases of @entity3 , indicating functional disturbance of the macular photoreceptors. A normal flash @entity4 indicates that pathology is electrophysiologically localised to macula without affecting general retina. Residual deficit in the PERG explains poor @entity1 in spite of normal anatomical apposition and quantitative 6/6 visual acuity.

title: Pattern XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the pattern electroretinogram (PERG) in @entity2 . METHODS: In this prospective study, 20 @entity0 with recent onset (<6  weeks) unilateral @entity3 were studied with the fellow eye acting as control. BCVA, psychophysical parameters, FFA, OCT, flash and pattern @entity4 were evaluated. RESULTS: The mean P50 amplitude in the affected eye at presentation was 2.36      0.8  v compared to 3.24      0.85  v in the normal eye. At 12  weeks, the mean P50 amplitude in the affected eye was 3.16      0.88  v compared to 3.63      0.82  v in the normal eye. The reduction of 27  % in P50 amplitude even after recovery was statistically significant (P  <  0.001). A reduction of 19.77  % in the amplitude of N95 wave in the affected eye compared to the normal eye was seen, which was statistically significant (P  <  0.001). In the affected eye, there was statistically significant improvement in the psychophysical tests at 12  weeks. CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals that P50 component of the PERG is reduced in cases of @entity3 , indicating functional disturbance of the macular photoreceptors. A normal flash @entity4 indicates that pathology is electrophysiologically localised to macula without affecting general retina. Residual deficit in the PERG explains poor @entity1 in spite of normal anatomical apposition and quantitative 6/6 visual acuity.

title: Pattern @entity4 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This work reports the surface functionalization of polymeric @entity3 nanoparticles by non-covalent insertion of a homo-bifunctional chemical crosslinker, @entity5 (BS3) for targeted @entity0 therapy. We dissolved BS3 in aqueous solution of @entity1 during formulation of nanoparticles by a modified solid/oil/water emulsion solvent evaporation method. The non-covalent insertion of BS3 was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. @entity2 and @entity4 were used as a model drug and a cell specific target, respectively. Nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, zeta potential and surface morphology. The qualitative assessment of antibody attachment was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as confocal microscopy. The optimized formulation showed antibody attachment of 86%. However, antibody attachment was abolished upon blocking the functional groups of BS3. The availability of functional antibodies was evaluated by the presence of a light chain fraction after gel electrophoresis. We further evaluated the in vitro release kinetics of @entity2 from antibody coated and uncoated nanoparticles. The release of @entity2 is enhanced upon antibody attachment and followed an anomalous release pattern. We also observed that the cellular uptake of nanoparticles was significantly higher in @entity4 positive cells than in negative cells. Therefore, these results demonstrate the potential use of this method for functionalization as well as to deliver chemotherapeutic agents for treating @entity0 .

title: Surface functionalization of XXXX nanoparticles by non-covalent insertion of a homo-bifunctional spacer for active targeting in @entity0 therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This work reports the surface functionalization of polymeric @entity3 nanoparticles by non-covalent insertion of a homo-bifunctional chemical crosslinker, @entity5 (BS3) for targeted @entity0 therapy. We dissolved BS3 in aqueous solution of @entity1 during formulation of nanoparticles by a modified solid/oil/water emulsion solvent evaporation method. The non-covalent insertion of BS3 was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. @entity2 and @entity4 were used as a model drug and a cell specific target, respectively. Nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, zeta potential and surface morphology. The qualitative assessment of antibody attachment was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) as well as confocal microscopy. The optimized formulation showed antibody attachment of 86%. However, antibody attachment was abolished upon blocking the functional groups of BS3. The availability of functional antibodies was evaluated by the presence of a light chain fraction after gel electrophoresis. We further evaluated the in vitro release kinetics of @entity2 from antibody coated and uncoated nanoparticles. The release of @entity2 is enhanced upon antibody attachment and followed an anomalous release pattern. We also observed that the cellular uptake of nanoparticles was significantly higher in @entity4 positive cells than in negative cells. Therefore, these results demonstrate the potential use of this method for functionalization as well as to deliver chemotherapeutic agents for treating @entity0 .

title: Surface functionalization of @entity3 nanoparticles by non-covalent insertion of a homo-bifunctional spacer for active targeting in XXXX therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Efficient transferrin receptor recycling is reconstituted when donor cytosol and @entity0 are added to the streptolysin O permeabilized cells. The rate of reconstituted recycling is dependent on the concentration of donor cytosol. The cytosol provides a factor(s) required for the transport of transferrin from the pericentriolar recycling compartment to the plasma membrane. @entity5 treatment of permeabilized cells inhibits both the fusion of recycling vesicles with the plasma membrane as well as the formation of functional recycling vesicles from the pericentriolar recycling compartment. @entity2 ( @entity3 gamma S) does not affect reconstituted recycling in the presence of an optimal cytosol concentration. Therefore, the rate-limiting step in recycling is not regulated by @entity3 -hydrolyzing proteins, and hydrolysis of @entity3 is not required for endocytic recycling. @entity3 gamma S stimulates recycling when suboptimal concentrations of cytosol are used. This stimulatory effect is not mediated by a @entity6 -sensitive @entity1 -ribosylation factor protein. Addition of wild-type donor cytosol to permeabilized END2 @entity4 ovary cells, which recycle transferrin at half the rate of wild-type cells, reconstitutes recycling to the reduced rate of intact END2 cells but not to the wild-type recycling rate. These results indicate that the defect responsible for the slowed transferrin recycling in END2 mutants is membrane associated or that the defective protein is too large to diffuse out of the cells through the streptolysin O pores.

title: Studies of transferrin recycling reconstituted in streptolysin O permeabilized XXXX ovary cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The number of @entity0 with @entity1 (GDM: @entity1 first diagnosed in pregnancy) continues to grow, as do the associated risks of antenatal and postnatal complications and the chance of future @entity1 and @entity2 in both mother and offspring. Recent randomised controlled trials have demonstrated clear benefits for intensive management of GDM using lifestyle modification, self blood @entity3 monitoring, close clinical supervision and, where glycaemia remains inadequately controlled, insulin therapy. More recently, @entity5 and @entity6 have been shown to adequately reduce hyperglycaemia as part of a stepped approach to GDM management, with a switch to insulin therapy where necessary. Other oral medications have not been shown to be safe in pregnancy. @entity0 insulin therapy is safe within the limits of hypoglycaemia and @entity4 . Most insulin analogues are also now considered safe for use in pregnancy (insulin lispro, aspart and detemir). @entity5 therapy is oral, and therefore preferred to insulin, but is associated with more gastrointestinal adverse effects, although not hypoglycaemia or @entity4 . Conversely, @entity6 is also an oral therapy but is associated with hypoglycaemia and @entity4 . However, @entity5 crosses the placenta and it remains unclear whether @entity6 crosses the placenta or not: long-term risks have not been shown, and are thought to be minimal, but further studies are needed. @entity5 is seen by some as the treatment of choice where @entity4 is an issue, providing that the unanswered questions over the long-term safety of oral agents have been discussed.

title: Safety considerations with pharmacological treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe factors related to diagnosis, identity disclosure, and social support among @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 with @entity1 , and to explore associations between these factors and self-rated health. DESIGN: Cross-sectional self-report survey design using descriptive and exploratory multivariate statistical approaches. SETTING: Online, Internet-based. SAMPLE: 291 @entity2 @entity0 (89% Caucasian; 50% gay, 36% lesbian, 7% bisexual, 3% transgender) with mixed @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 completed a researcher-designed online survey assessing experiences of @entity1 diagnosis among @entity2 @entity0 at a single time point. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Demographics, which provider(s) delivered the @entity0 ' @entity1 diagnoses, to whom @entity0 had disclosed their @entity2 identity, how they disclosed, who was on their social support team at the time of diagnosis, and current self-rated health. FINDINGS: 79% of @entity0 reported disclosing their identities to more than one @entity1 care provider. @entity0 most commonly introduced the topic of @entity2 identity themselves, sometimes as a way to correct heterosexual assumptions (34%). Friends were the most common members of @entity2 @entity0 ' support teams (79%). Four disclosure and support factors were consistently associated with better self-rated health. CONCLUSIONS: Disclosure of @entity2 identity is a common experience in the context of @entity1 care, and disclosure and support factors are associated with better self-reported health among @entity2 @entity0 . IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Creating safe environments for @entity2 @entity0 to disclose could improve @entity1 care delivery to this underserved population. Nurses and other providers should acknowledge and include diverse support team members in @entity2 @entity0 ' care.

title: Social support, self-rated health, and XXXX identity disclosure to @entity1 care providers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To describe factors related to diagnosis, identity disclosure, and social support among @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 with @entity1 , and to explore associations between these factors and self-rated health. DESIGN: Cross-sectional self-report survey design using descriptive and exploratory multivariate statistical approaches. SETTING: Online, Internet-based. SAMPLE: 291 @entity2 @entity0 (89% Caucasian; 50% gay, 36% lesbian, 7% bisexual, 3% transgender) with mixed @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 completed a researcher-designed online survey assessing experiences of @entity1 diagnosis among @entity2 @entity0 at a single time point. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Demographics, which provider(s) delivered the @entity0 ' @entity1 diagnoses, to whom @entity0 had disclosed their @entity2 identity, how they disclosed, who was on their social support team at the time of diagnosis, and current self-rated health. FINDINGS: 79% of @entity0 reported disclosing their identities to more than one @entity1 care provider. @entity0 most commonly introduced the topic of @entity2 identity themselves, sometimes as a way to correct heterosexual assumptions (34%). Friends were the most common members of @entity2 @entity0 ' support teams (79%). Four disclosure and support factors were consistently associated with better self-rated health. CONCLUSIONS: Disclosure of @entity2 identity is a common experience in the context of @entity1 care, and disclosure and support factors are associated with better self-reported health among @entity2 @entity0 . IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Creating safe environments for @entity2 @entity0 to disclose could improve @entity1 care delivery to this underserved population. Nurses and other providers should acknowledge and include diverse support team members in @entity2 @entity0 ' care.

title: Social support, self-rated health, and @entity2 identity disclosure to XXXX care providers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     To evaluate feasibility, safety and oncological efficacy of salvage laparoscopic radical prostatectomy for pathology-proven biochemical recurrence after primary radiation therapy or cryotherapy for @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS:     This retrospective pilot study examined 15 @entity0 from 2004 to 2010 with biochemical recurrence after external beam radiation therapy (N= 8), brachytherapy (N= 6) or cryotherapy (N= 1).     @entity0 were treated with salvage laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (11 conventional, four robotic-assisted) with bilateral pelvic dissection. RESULTS:     Median duration of surgery was 235 min. None of the following occurred: conversion to open surgery, transfusion, urethrovesical @entity7 or perioperative or postoperative mortality. One @entity0 presented with a @entity2 , repaired using uninterrupted sutures and a colostomy. One @entity0 had @entity6 treated with prolonged Foley catheterization.     Pathological stage was pT2a in three, pT2b in three, pT3a in four, pT3b in three and pT4 in two @entity0 ; two @entity0 had nodal @entity1 . Within an 8-month median follow-up, 11 @entity0 were disease-free and three had persistent postoperative @entity8 ( @entity8 ) elevation; the remaining @entity0 experienced @entity8 recurrence after 21 months.     Seven @entity0 achieved continence (no pads) by 8.4 months (median), one @entity0 manifested severe @entity4 corrected by implanting an artificial sphincter, and seven @entity0 with a 12.6-month mean follow-up continued to need one or two pads per day.     @entity5 was present in five @entity0 before surgery and in 14 @entity0 after surgery. CONCLUSION:     Salvage laparoscopic radical prostatectomy seems to offer a safe therapeutic alternative for @entity0 failing primary radiation or cryotherapy. However, larger studies with longer-term data are required.

title: Pilot study of salvage laparoscopic prostatectomy for the treatment of recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Background: Chyluria is a chronic debilitating condition characterized by formation of pyelo-lymphatic connections. Renal pelvic instillation sclerotherapy is a minimally invasive treatment modality in treatment of chyluria. Various sclerosant with different regimen have been described in literature but there is no single consensus on this regard. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of single dose 0.2% @entity3 renal pelvic instillation sclerotherapy for the treatment of chyluria. Methods: In a prospective study from August 2010 till July 2013, forty one @entity0 presenting with milky urine were included. Apart from ether test, presence of lymphocytes in urine and urine @entity2 levels were also done to confirm chyluria. On a day care basis under local anesthesia 5F open ended ureteric catheter was introduced in the ureteric orifice of affected side. Freshly prepared 7-10ml of 0.2% @entity3 solution was instilled with the @entity0 in Trendelenburg position. Results: Total of 41 @entity0 were enrolled ( 27 males and 14 females; mean age 40 years, SD 8.9, range 19-61) with a mean follow up of 20 months. Immediate clearance was seen in all @entity0 and recurrence in 7 (17%). Mean disease free duration was 18 months. Two @entity0 had moderate to severe @entity1 . Conclusion: Single dose 0.2% @entity3 sclerotherapy is safe and effective treatment for chyluria. As it offers treatment on a day care basis, continuous ureteral and urethral catheterizations can be avoided.

title: Is Single Dose XXXX Sclerotherapy Effective in Chyluria?

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Anesthetic agents are often combined to enhance their therapeutic effects while minimizing adverse events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different sedation regimens of @entity5 and @entity4 combination via infusion on perioperative variables in @entity0 who underwent plastic and reconstructive surgery. METHODS: This randomized double-blind clinical trial was done on 80 @entity0 who were randomized to two groups; group 1 (n  =  40) received a 2:1 mixture of 9  mg/ml @entity4 and 4.5  mg/ml @entity5 , and group 2 (n  =  40) received a 4:1 mixture of 9  mg/ml @entity4 and 2.25  mg/ml @entity5 . After premedication and before local anesthetic injection, the infusion of mixtures was adjusted to attain the Ramsay sedation scores of 5 in both groups. We recorded induction time, sedation efficacy, cardiovascular and respiratory events, recovery time, and incidence of adverse events during and after the procedure. RESULTS: The mean of volume infusion of mixtures in the beginning of the procedure was higher in group 2 (3.2      1. 2  ml) than in group 1 (2.4      0.8  ml) (p  <  0.001). The induction time for sedation was 2.8      0.8  min and 2.6      0.4  min in group 1 and group 2, respectively (p  =  0. 92). The number of oversedated @entity0 was greater in group 2 compared to group 1 but not statistically significant (p  =  0. 80). The sedation efficacy was similar between the two groups. The hemodynamic changes during the procedure were greater in group 2 compared to group 1 (p  =  0. 001). The recovery time was not significantly different between the two groups (p  =  0.43). The mean @entity2 score in the recovery room was lower in group 1 than group 2 (1.2      0.8 vs 2.8      1.8, p  =  0. 01). Moreover, 4 (10  %) @entity0 in group 1 and 10 (25  %) @entity0 in group 2 needed opioid administration (p  =  0. 02). Other postoperative adverse events were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION: We recommend the use of a 2:1 combination of @entity4 - @entity5 , because it reduced the rescue @entity4 requirement and consequently produced lower @entity1 effects and also less @entity3 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

title: The Comparison of Infusion of Two Different Sedation Regimens with @entity4 and XXXX Combination During Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Anesthetic agents are often combined to enhance their therapeutic effects while minimizing adverse events. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different sedation regimens of @entity5 and @entity4 combination via infusion on perioperative variables in @entity0 who underwent plastic and reconstructive surgery. METHODS: This randomized double-blind clinical trial was done on 80 @entity0 who were randomized to two groups; group 1 (n  =  40) received a 2:1 mixture of 9  mg/ml @entity4 and 4.5  mg/ml @entity5 , and group 2 (n  =  40) received a 4:1 mixture of 9  mg/ml @entity4 and 2.25  mg/ml @entity5 . After premedication and before local anesthetic injection, the infusion of mixtures was adjusted to attain the Ramsay sedation scores of 5 in both groups. We recorded induction time, sedation efficacy, cardiovascular and respiratory events, recovery time, and incidence of adverse events during and after the procedure. RESULTS: The mean of volume infusion of mixtures in the beginning of the procedure was higher in group 2 (3.2      1. 2  ml) than in group 1 (2.4      0.8  ml) (p  <  0.001). The induction time for sedation was 2.8      0.8  min and 2.6      0.4  min in group 1 and group 2, respectively (p  =  0. 92). The number of oversedated @entity0 was greater in group 2 compared to group 1 but not statistically significant (p  =  0. 80). The sedation efficacy was similar between the two groups. The hemodynamic changes during the procedure were greater in group 2 compared to group 1 (p  =  0. 001). The recovery time was not significantly different between the two groups (p  =  0.43). The mean @entity2 score in the recovery room was lower in group 1 than group 2 (1.2      0.8 vs 2.8      1.8, p  =  0. 01). Moreover, 4 (10  %) @entity0 in group 1 and 10 (25  %) @entity0 in group 2 needed opioid administration (p  =  0. 02). Other postoperative adverse events were similar between the two groups. CONCLUSION: We recommend the use of a 2:1 combination of @entity4 - @entity5 , because it reduced the rescue @entity4 requirement and consequently produced lower @entity1 effects and also less @entity3 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

title: The Comparison of Infusion of Two Different Sedation Regimens with XXXX and @entity5 Combination During Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is the most frequent type of strabismus. Botulinum toxin is a treatment option with variable results. We undertook this study to determine the frequency and associated factors with consecutive permanent @entity1 in @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 treated with botulinum toxin. METHODS: A retrospective review was achieved in @entity0 with @entity1 treated with botulinum toxin and who remained in @entity1 after a minimal follow-up of 6 months. Pre- and postnatal background, cycloplejia, magnitude of the pre-application deviation, injected dose and number of applications were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 84 @entity0 were included. Of all @entity0 ,12 (14.28%) remained in consecutive @entity1 (six males and six females). Age range was from 5 months to 2 years (average: 10.75 months). Initial @entity1 ranged from 20-50 prism diopters (PD) with an average of 37.9    9.64 PD. One @entity0 had variability in the magnitude of the deviation prior to treatment. During the maximum follow-up, the magnitude of the @entity1 was from 10 to 40 (average, SD 18    8.01 PD). In five subjects a variability was observed in the magnitude of the angle of deviation by a range of 10-40 PD, and in seven subjects the deviation was stable with an average of 20 PD. Eleven subjects had some degree of psychomotor delay (91.66%) and one subject had a non-significant history. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with consecutive permanent @entity1 after application of botulinum toxin, the most prevalent characteristic is neurological.

title: [Permanent consecutive exotropia in XXXX treated with botulinum toxin].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: -Characterization of myocardial structural changes in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been hindered by limited availability of @entity0 cardiac tissue. @entity8 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ), coronary microvascular rarefaction and @entity3 may contribute to HFpEF pathophysiology. METHODS AND RESULTS: -We identified HFpEF @entity0 (n=124) and age-appropriate control @entity0 ( @entity2 , no @entity6 diagnosis; n=104) who underwent autopsy. Heart weight and @entity5 severity were obtained from the autopsy reports. Using whole field digital microscopy and automated analysis algorithms in full thickness left ventricular (LV) sections, microvascular density (MVD), @entity3 and their relationship were quantified. Subjects with HFpEF had heavier hearts (median 538 g; 169% of age/sex/body size expected heart weight vs. 335 g; 112% in controls), more severe @entity5 (65% with >=  one vessel with >50% diameter stenosis in HFpEF vs 13% in controls), more LV @entity1 (median % area @entity1 , 9.6 vs. 7.1) and lower MVD (median 961 vs. 1316 vessels per mm(2)) than control (p <0.0001 for all). @entity3 increased with decreasing MVD in controls (r = - 0.28, p=0.004) and HFpEF (r = - 0.26, p=0.004). Adjusting for MVD attenuated the group differences in @entity1 . Heart weight, @entity1 and MVD were similar in HFpEF @entity0 with vs without @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: -In this study, @entity0 with HFpEF had more @entity8 , @entity5 , coronary microvascular rarefaction and @entity3 than controls. Each of these findings may contribute to the @entity7 and @entity4 characteristic of HFpEF.

title: Coronary Microvascular Rarefaction and XXXX in @entity6 with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: -Characterization of myocardial structural changes in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) has been hindered by limited availability of @entity0 cardiac tissue. @entity8 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ), coronary microvascular rarefaction and @entity3 may contribute to HFpEF pathophysiology. METHODS AND RESULTS: -We identified HFpEF @entity0 (n=124) and age-appropriate control @entity0 ( @entity2 , no @entity6 diagnosis; n=104) who underwent autopsy. Heart weight and @entity5 severity were obtained from the autopsy reports. Using whole field digital microscopy and automated analysis algorithms in full thickness left ventricular (LV) sections, microvascular density (MVD), @entity3 and their relationship were quantified. Subjects with HFpEF had heavier hearts (median 538 g; 169% of age/sex/body size expected heart weight vs. 335 g; 112% in controls), more severe @entity5 (65% with >=  one vessel with >50% diameter stenosis in HFpEF vs 13% in controls), more LV @entity1 (median % area @entity1 , 9.6 vs. 7.1) and lower MVD (median 961 vs. 1316 vessels per mm(2)) than control (p <0.0001 for all). @entity3 increased with decreasing MVD in controls (r = - 0.28, p=0.004) and HFpEF (r = - 0.26, p=0.004). Adjusting for MVD attenuated the group differences in @entity1 . Heart weight, @entity1 and MVD were similar in HFpEF @entity0 with vs without @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: -In this study, @entity0 with HFpEF had more @entity8 , @entity5 , coronary microvascular rarefaction and @entity3 than controls. Each of these findings may contribute to the @entity7 and @entity4 characteristic of HFpEF.

title: Coronary Microvascular Rarefaction and @entity3 in XXXX with Preserved Ejection Fraction.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of @entity2 associated with @entity4 2 @entity1 , as compared with a nondiabetic reference population, and to study additional associations between treatment stage and duration of @entity3 and @entity2 risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted an observational population-based cohort study within the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (1987-2012). All @entity0 (>= 18 years) with at least one prescription for an antidiabetic drug (n = 300,039) were matched (1:1) by birth year, sex, and practice to a comparison cohort without @entity1 . Cox proportional hazards models were used to derive adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for @entity2 associated with @entity4 2 @entity1 . Within the @entity1 cohort, associations of @entity2 with treatment stages and duration of @entity3 (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)) were studied. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 4.5 years, 2,759 cases of @entity2 were observed among the @entity1 study population. @entity4 2 @entity1 was associated with a 1.3-fold increased risk of @entity2 (HR 1.26 [95% CI 1.18-1.33]). Among @entity1 @entity0 , no association was found with treatment stages. A trend of increased @entity2 risk was observed with longer duration of @entity3 . Risk of @entity2 was significantly increased for @entity0 with recorded duration of @entity3 of 4-8 years (HR 1.19 [1.06-1.34]) and >8 years (1.28 [1.11-1.49]). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 2 @entity1 is associated with a moderately increased risk of @entity2 . Among @entity1 @entity0 , an increased risk was observed for @entity0 who suffered from @entity3 for a total duration of 4 years or more.

title: The Risk of XXXX in @entity0 With Type 2 Diabetes: Associations With Treatment Stage and Obesity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk of @entity2 associated with @entity4 2 @entity1 , as compared with a nondiabetic reference population, and to study additional associations between treatment stage and duration of @entity3 and @entity2 risk. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We conducted an observational population-based cohort study within the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (1987-2012). All @entity0 (>= 18 years) with at least one prescription for an antidiabetic drug (n = 300,039) were matched (1:1) by birth year, sex, and practice to a comparison cohort without @entity1 . Cox proportional hazards models were used to derive adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for @entity2 associated with @entity4 2 @entity1 . Within the @entity1 cohort, associations of @entity2 with treatment stages and duration of @entity3 (BMI >= 30 kg/m(2)) were studied. RESULTS: After a median follow-up of 4.5 years, 2,759 cases of @entity2 were observed among the @entity1 study population. @entity4 2 @entity1 was associated with a 1.3-fold increased risk of @entity2 (HR 1.26 [95% CI 1.18-1.33]). Among @entity1 @entity0 , no association was found with treatment stages. A trend of increased @entity2 risk was observed with longer duration of @entity3 . Risk of @entity2 was significantly increased for @entity0 with recorded duration of @entity3 of 4-8 years (HR 1.19 [1.06-1.34]) and >8 years (1.28 [1.11-1.49]). CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 2 @entity1 is associated with a moderately increased risk of @entity2 . Among @entity1 @entity0 , an increased risk was observed for @entity0 who suffered from @entity3 for a total duration of 4 years or more.

title: The Risk of @entity2 in XXXX With Type 2 Diabetes: Associations With Treatment Stage and Obesity.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Six cases of @entity2 were analyzed. Two cases were male and 4 cases were female. The right side was affected in 1 case and the left in 5 cases. The affected portion was the uretero-pelvic junction in 1 case and lower iliac vessels in the other cases. Five cases were @entity1 in surgical or gynecological pelvic operation, and the other was due to blunt @entity1 . Intraoperative diagnosis was made in 4 cases. Drain leakage led to diagnosis in one case and @entity3 in another. Ureteroureterostomy was performed in 2 cases, pyeloureterostomy in 1 case, ureteroneocystostomy with psoas hitch in 1 case, Boari bladder flap in 1 case and simple suture in 1 case. 4-0 or 5-0 Dexon with an atraumatic needle was used for all anastomoses. Except for case 1, who died of the recurrence of @entity4 , renal functions were preserved in all @entity0 during the follow-up period ranging from 5 months to 7 years 8 months.

title: [Clinical analysis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Many review articles address the diverse and rapidly developing @entity1 , but there are far fewer articles addressing the specific population of adolescents. The social contributors (desire for thinness amplified by the media) to these illnesses are considerable and affect all adolescent and latency-age @entity0 to some degree. Understanding the full range of behavior and those at high risk to develop pathology is important. Developing prevention programs that target adolescent @entity0 and their families, schools, and the relevant media is also important. Prevention has been a much-neglected area within the @entity1 . The chronic nature of @entity1 characterized by remission and relapse bears further study. Attention to the factors that provoke a symptomatic period is crucial. Along with relapse and remission are shifts between diagnostic categories within the @entity1 and comorbid illnesses. A better understanding of the factors that cause these shifts to occur would be quite valuable. Outcome and prospective studies would provide valuable information about the course of the illnesses and further identify the individuals at high risk. Certain groups are known to be at high risk, such as @entity0 involved in specific athletics (e.g., gymnastics) or career activities, but recent investigations have indicated that @entity0 involved in what was previously believed to be a low risk activity, such as swimming, may also be at risk (Benson et al., 1990). Further investigation of these factors is crucial. Cultural factors play a role in these illnesses, and cross-cultural studies provide crucial information. We must also continue to explore the biological and psychological correlates of these illnesses and further define the complex and heterogeneous etiology of these illnesses. Their study still promises to yield exciting challenges. Increased public awareness regarding the need for treatment of these illnesses is a high priority. If untreated, chronicity appears inevitable. Examination and study of the most cost effective methods of treatment are very important.

title: A review of XXXX in adolescents.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Hemodynamic studies have indicated that the mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of @entity3 -channel antagonists is reduction of systemic vascular resistance. However, potential negative inotropic effects could have an adverse effect on myocardial performance. In this study, we evaluated the hemodynamic response to the prototypic @entity3 -channel antagonist, @entity4 , in @entity0 with moderate-to-severe @entity2 . We gave incremental infusions of @entity4 in subsystemic doses into the brachial artery of an isolated forearm preparation. The response to 10 micrograms/min/100 ml revealed a reduction in forearm vascular resistance from 55 to 21 units and an increase in forearm blood flow from 3.57 to 7.54 ml/min/100 ml (both p less than .01). Intravenous administration of @entity4 as a bolus (0.15 mg/kg) and continuous infusion (1 or 2 mg/min) resulted in a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance as well as a significant increase in cardiac index and @entity1 volume index. This occurred without a significant increase in pulmonary wedge pressure. One week of oral therapy resulted in a significant reduction of mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance both at rest and at peak exercise, associated with a significant increase in @entity1 volume index and no increase in pulmonary wedge pressure. These findings document the direct vasodilator effects of the prototypic @entity3 -channel antagonist @entity4 in @entity0 with moderate-to-severe @entity2 . In addition, these data show that myocardial performance can improve during therapy, when myocardial reserve is sufficient, and the adverse effects of systemic vasoconstriction are reversed by therapy.

title: The hemodynamics of @entity3 -channel antagonists in XXXX : vascular and myocardial responses.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Hemodynamic studies have indicated that the mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of @entity3 -channel antagonists is reduction of systemic vascular resistance. However, potential negative inotropic effects could have an adverse effect on myocardial performance. In this study, we evaluated the hemodynamic response to the prototypic @entity3 -channel antagonist, @entity4 , in @entity0 with moderate-to-severe @entity2 . We gave incremental infusions of @entity4 in subsystemic doses into the brachial artery of an isolated forearm preparation. The response to 10 micrograms/min/100 ml revealed a reduction in forearm vascular resistance from 55 to 21 units and an increase in forearm blood flow from 3.57 to 7.54 ml/min/100 ml (both p less than .01). Intravenous administration of @entity4 as a bolus (0.15 mg/kg) and continuous infusion (1 or 2 mg/min) resulted in a significant decrease in mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance as well as a significant increase in cardiac index and @entity1 volume index. This occurred without a significant increase in pulmonary wedge pressure. One week of oral therapy resulted in a significant reduction of mean arterial pressure and systemic vascular resistance both at rest and at peak exercise, associated with a significant increase in @entity1 volume index and no increase in pulmonary wedge pressure. These findings document the direct vasodilator effects of the prototypic @entity3 -channel antagonist @entity4 in @entity0 with moderate-to-severe @entity2 . In addition, these data show that myocardial performance can improve during therapy, when myocardial reserve is sufficient, and the adverse effects of systemic vasoconstriction are reversed by therapy.

title: The hemodynamics of XXXX -channel antagonists in @entity2 : vascular and myocardial responses.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 airway epithelial cells express b-adrenergic receptors (b-ARs), which regulate mucociliary clearance by stimulating transepithelial anion transport and ciliary beat frequency. Previous studies using airway epithelial cells showed that stimulation with @entity5 increased cell migration and wound repair by a @entity1 -dependent mechanism. In the present study, impedance-sensing arrays were used to measure cell migration and epithelial restitution following wounding of confluent normal @entity0 bronchial epithelial (NHBE) and @entity0 cells by electroporation. Stimulation with @entity3 or the @entity4 -selective agonist @entity6 significantly delayed wound closure and reduced the mean surface area of lamellipodia protruding into the wound. Treatment with the @entity4 bias agonist @entity2 or @entity8 also produced a delay in epithelial restitution similar in magnitude to @entity3 and @entity6 . Measurements of extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation following @entity6 or @entity2 stimulation showed no significant change in the level of phosphorylation compared with untreated control cells. However, inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A activity completely blocked the delay in wound closure produced by @entity4 agonists. In @entity0 cells, where @entity7 expression was inhibited by RNAi, @entity6 did not inhibit wound repair, suggesting that @entity4 agonist stimulation and loss of @entity7 function share a common pathway leading to inhibition of epithelial repair. Confocal images of the basal membrane of @entity0 cells labeled with anti-b1-integrin (clone HUTS-4) antibody showed that treatment with @entity3 or @entity2 reduced the level of activated integrin in the membrane. These findings suggest that treatment with @entity4 agonists delays airway epithelial repair by a G protein- and @entity1 -independent mechanism involving protein phosphatase 2A and a reduction in b1-integrin activation in the basal membrane.

title: Agonist binding to b-adrenergic receptors on XXXX airway epithelial cells inhibits migration and wound repair.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: In 2013, 20% of US households with @entity0 experienced food insecurity. @entity2 afflicts over 7 million @entity0 ; prevalence has steadily increased while incidence peaks in young @entity0 . @entity2 and food insecurity share the determinants of poverty and race that are associated with weight, yet limited research on the relation between food insecurity and @entity2 exists. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the association between food insecurity and @entity2 in a diverse sample of @entity0 . METHODS: Cross-sectional data from grade 3 of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Kindergarten Cohort were analyzed (n = 11,099). Food security based on the USDA module and @entity2 diagnosis were reported by parents; anthropometric factors were measured. Multivariate logistic regression models of food security and @entity2 were analyzed overall and by race/ethnicity. RESULTS: @entity0 in food-insecure households had a 4% higher adjusted odds of @entity2 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.06). Adjusted odds of @entity2 were also higher by 70% for males (95% CI: 1.69, 1.71), 53% for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 (95% CI: 1.51, 1.54), 20% for Hispanic @entity0 (95% CI: 1.19, 1.21), 38% for overweight @entity0 (95% CI: 1.36, 1.39), 67% for @entity1 @entity0 (95% CI: 1.65, 1.68), 23% for low-birth weight @entity0 (95% CI: 1.21, 1.24), 24% if mothers had a high school diploma (95% CI: 1.23, 1.26), and 33% if mothers had some college education (95% CI: 1.32, 1.35). High-birth weight @entity0 (OR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.83, 0.85) and those with foreign-born mothers (OR: 0.52; 95% CI: 0.51, 0.53) had lower odds of @entity2 . Being food-insecure remained positively associated with @entity2 in non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics but was inversely associated with odds among NHBs. Odds of @entity2 doubled (OR: 2.00; 95% CI: 1.97, 2.03) for all @entity0 in households that were both food-insecure and poor; this relation remained positive in race/ethnicity-specific models. CONCLUSIONS: Food insecurity is positively associated with @entity2 in US third graders, and household poverty strengthens the association.

title: Household Food Insecurity Is Associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The superficial peroneal nerve was taken from 12 arteriosclerotic non- @entity1 @entity0 just after amputation of a leg. Preparations of teased fibers were performed in 8 cases. Specimens were studied by light and electron microscopy in all cases. Histograms of myelinated fibers in transverse semi-thin sections showed that depletion of myelinated fibers varied from case to case, with no selective vulnerability in either the large or the small diameter group. There was a dramatic loss of myelinated fibers in only one case. No real nerve @entity4 was observed. In most cases, regions of @entity5 were prevalent; however, myelino-axonal changes were severe only in a few cases. Axons with organelle aggregates were seen in some cases. Figures @entity2 were not numerous in this series. Unmyelinated fibers were also damaged, and the degree of involvement differed from case to case. Pathological changes observed in this study confirm the relative resistance of peripheral nerve to @entity3 .

title: Quantitative, histological and ultrastructural studies of peripheral nerve in arteriosclerotic non- XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The superficial peroneal nerve was taken from 12 arteriosclerotic non- @entity1 @entity0 just after amputation of a leg. Preparations of teased fibers were performed in 8 cases. Specimens were studied by light and electron microscopy in all cases. Histograms of myelinated fibers in transverse semi-thin sections showed that depletion of myelinated fibers varied from case to case, with no selective vulnerability in either the large or the small diameter group. There was a dramatic loss of myelinated fibers in only one case. No real nerve @entity4 was observed. In most cases, regions of @entity5 were prevalent; however, myelino-axonal changes were severe only in a few cases. Axons with organelle aggregates were seen in some cases. Figures @entity2 were not numerous in this series. Unmyelinated fibers were also damaged, and the degree of involvement differed from case to case. Pathological changes observed in this study confirm the relative resistance of peripheral nerve to @entity3 .

title: Quantitative, histological and ultrastructural studies of peripheral nerve in arteriosclerotic non- @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogeneous population of immature cells that expand during benign and @entity0 -associated @entity2 and are characterized by their ability to inhibit T cell immunity. Increased metabolism of @entity6 ( @entity3 ), through the enzymes arginase 1 and @entity7 ( @entity7 ), is well documented as a major MDSC suppressive mechanism. Therefore, we hypothesized that restricting MDSC uptake of @entity3 is a critical control point to modulate their suppressor activity. Using @entity1 models of prostate-specific @entity2 and @entity0 , we have identified the mechanisms by which extracellular @entity3 is transported into MDSCs. We have shown that MDSCs recruited to localized @entity2 and @entity0 sites upregulate cationic @entity5 transporter 2 (Cat2), coordinately with @entity8 and @entity7 . Cat2 expression is not induced in MDSCs in peripheral organs. CAT2 contributes to the transport of @entity3 in MDSCs and is an important regulator of MDSC suppressive function. MDSCs that lack CAT2 have significantly reduced suppressive ability ex vivo and display impaired capacity for regulating T cell responses in vivo as evidenced by increased T cell expansion and decreased @entity0 growth in Cat2(-/-) @entity1 . The abrogation of suppressive function is due to low intracellular @entity3 levels, which leads to the impaired ability of @entity7 to catalyze @entity3 -dependent metabolic processes. Together, these findings demonstrate that CAT2 modulates MDSC function. In the absence of CAT2, MDSCs display diminished capacity for controlling T cell immunity in @entity4 and @entity0 models, where the loss of CAT2 results in enhanced antitumor activity.

title: Expression of Cationic XXXX Transporter 2 Is Required for Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell-Mediated Control of T Cell Immunity.

answer: @entity5