abstract: @entity6 is the most common pediatric primary @entity2 and is highly responsive to surgery and chemotherapy. The role of radiotherapy has evolved in the last three decades from the use of stepwise incremental doses in all @entity0 to the current concept of added radiotherapy in advanced cases or in those with unfavorable pathology. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of a young @entity0 with prior history of @entity6 and significant @entity1 due to radiation @entity5 involving the abdominal vasculature. A 31-year-old @entity0 presented with a history of @entity1 and severe @entity4 . An angiogram revealed that the aorta was occluded below the renal artery. The celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery were occluded at the origin, and large intercostal collaterals reconstituted the pelvic circulation. She was initially treated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and underwent an infrarenal aortic bypass surgery. Histopathology of the aorta revealed intimal fibrocalcific thickening and changes consistent with radiation-induced @entity5 . Later, she was readmitted with progressive @entity7 . Despite intensive medical therapy, she died of @entity3 .

title: Radiation @entity5 following treatment for @entity6 : an unusual case of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 is the most common pediatric primary @entity2 and is highly responsive to surgery and chemotherapy. The role of radiotherapy has evolved in the last three decades from the use of stepwise incremental doses in all @entity0 to the current concept of added radiotherapy in advanced cases or in those with unfavorable pathology. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of a young @entity0 with prior history of @entity6 and significant @entity1 due to radiation @entity5 involving the abdominal vasculature. A 31-year-old @entity0 presented with a history of @entity1 and severe @entity4 . An angiogram revealed that the aorta was occluded below the renal artery. The celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery were occluded at the origin, and large intercostal collaterals reconstituted the pelvic circulation. She was initially treated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and underwent an infrarenal aortic bypass surgery. Histopathology of the aorta revealed intimal fibrocalcific thickening and changes consistent with radiation-induced @entity5 . Later, she was readmitted with progressive @entity7 . Despite intensive medical therapy, she died of @entity3 .

title: Radiation XXXX following treatment for @entity6 : an unusual case of @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity6 is the most common pediatric primary @entity2 and is highly responsive to surgery and chemotherapy. The role of radiotherapy has evolved in the last three decades from the use of stepwise incremental doses in all @entity0 to the current concept of added radiotherapy in advanced cases or in those with unfavorable pathology. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of a young @entity0 with prior history of @entity6 and significant @entity1 due to radiation @entity5 involving the abdominal vasculature. A 31-year-old @entity0 presented with a history of @entity1 and severe @entity4 . An angiogram revealed that the aorta was occluded below the renal artery. The celiac artery and the superior mesenteric artery were occluded at the origin, and large intercostal collaterals reconstituted the pelvic circulation. She was initially treated with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and underwent an infrarenal aortic bypass surgery. Histopathology of the aorta revealed intimal fibrocalcific thickening and changes consistent with radiation-induced @entity5 . Later, she was readmitted with progressive @entity7 . Despite intensive medical therapy, she died of @entity3 .

title: Radiation @entity5 following treatment for XXXX : an unusual case of @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The present study sought to investigate the use of transthoracic Doppler harmonic echocardiography (TTDHE) to evaluate changes in coronary flow dynamics due to @entity4 . BACKGROUND: Coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) measurements by TTDHE are useful for assessing @entity8 . It remains unclear, however, if @entity1 can be detected. METHODS: In 54 @entity0 with @entity6 , intracoronary Doppler (ICD) and TTDHE were used to measure average peak velocity at baseline and @entity5 . Significant @entity3 had been ruled out by both angiography and intravascular ultrasound. Comparative measurements were performed in the distal left anterior descending coronary artery after intracoronary and intravenous administration of @entity7 , and CFVR was calculated. @entity2 @entity0 (n = 25) were studied and compared to a control group (26 normotensive individuals). RESULTS: Three @entity0 (5%) had to be excluded because of insufficient image quality or side effects. In both groups, TTDHE-derived CFVR data correlated closely with ICD measurements (group 1: y = 0.67x + 0.076, standard error of estimate [SEE] = 0.25, r = 0.87, p < 0.001; group 2: y = 0.64x + 1.11, SEE = 0.26, r = 0.87, p < 0.001). CFVR was lower in @entity2 than in normotensive controls (2.44 +/- 0.49 vs. 3.33 +/- 0.40, p < 0.001, cut point = 2.84). CONCLUSIONS: The newly described echocardiographic method is suitable for assessing @entity4 noninvasively and corresponds well to invasive measurements.

title: Noninvasive assessment of microvascular function in arterial XXXX by transthoracic Doppler harmonic echocardiography.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To investigate the experiences of @entity0 with @entity2 within the British healthcare system. METHOD: The @entity2 Society Questionnaire, a self completion questionnaire designed to survey the experiences of @entity0 with @entity2 , was sent to 2000 randomly selected members of the @entity2 Society. The questionnaire incorporated items about @entity0 's experiences with health professionals and the information and support provided by them at the time of diagnosis and thereafter. RESULTS: Over 50% thought their consultant eye specialist was not interested in them as a @entity0 and 40% were dissatisfied with their diagnostic consultation. 185 @entity0 thought their general practitioner (GP) was well informed about @entity2 but twice as many @entity0 thought their GP was not well informed. About an equal number of @entity0 thought their GP was supportive as those who thought their GP was not supportive. A total of 1247 @entity0 were told "nothing can be done to help with your @entity2 ." A number of negative emotional reactions were experienced by those @entity0 as a result, with 61% of them reporting feeling anxious or @entity1 . Of 282 @entity0 experiencing @entity3 after diagnosis with @entity2 , only 20.9% were offered explanations for them. CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity0 with @entity2 have unsatisfactory experiences of the healthcare system. Many of the reasons for dissatisfaction could be resolved by healthcare professionals if they were better informed about @entity2 and had a better understanding of and empathy with @entity0 ' experiences.

title: Perceived quality of health care in XXXX : a survey of members of the @entity2 Society.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To investigate the experiences of @entity0 with @entity2 within the British healthcare system. METHOD: The @entity2 Society Questionnaire, a self completion questionnaire designed to survey the experiences of @entity0 with @entity2 , was sent to 2000 randomly selected members of the @entity2 Society. The questionnaire incorporated items about @entity0 's experiences with health professionals and the information and support provided by them at the time of diagnosis and thereafter. RESULTS: Over 50% thought their consultant eye specialist was not interested in them as a @entity0 and 40% were dissatisfied with their diagnostic consultation. 185 @entity0 thought their general practitioner (GP) was well informed about @entity2 but twice as many @entity0 thought their GP was not well informed. About an equal number of @entity0 thought their GP was supportive as those who thought their GP was not supportive. A total of 1247 @entity0 were told "nothing can be done to help with your @entity2 ." A number of negative emotional reactions were experienced by those @entity0 as a result, with 61% of them reporting feeling anxious or @entity1 . Of 282 @entity0 experiencing @entity3 after diagnosis with @entity2 , only 20.9% were offered explanations for them. CONCLUSIONS: Many @entity0 with @entity2 have unsatisfactory experiences of the healthcare system. Many of the reasons for dissatisfaction could be resolved by healthcare professionals if they were better informed about @entity2 and had a better understanding of and empathy with @entity0 ' experiences.

title: Perceived quality of health care in @entity2 : a survey of members of the XXXX Society.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Th2 immune response in the nasal mucosa of subjects with @entity3 is mediated by allergen-specific IgE. Moreover, these subjects show positive responses for markers of systemic @entity0 , including allergen-specific skin sensitivity and raised serum IgE titres. In contrast, idiopathic @entity4 (IR) subjects with similar histological nasal mucosal features differ in being defined as non-allergic because they have negative @entity2 responses. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that it is possible to have an allergic Th2 disease pathway localized in the nasal mucosa of 'non-allergic' @entity4 subjects despite an absence of @entity2 responses. METHODS: The presence of house dust mite and grass pollen-specific IgE antibodies was investigated in non- @entity2 (n=10) and @entity2 (n=11) subjects with persistent @entity4 and compared to normal (n=12) control subjects. Biotin-labelled allergen was used to localize specific allergen-binding antibodies in situ in sections of nasal mucosa. RESULTS: Grass pollen allergen binding was detected in the nasal mucosa of 3/10 non- @entity2 IR subjects but, in contrast, dust mite-specific antibodies were not detected. Specific antibodies were present in a total of 8/11 mucosal samples from the allergic group, but none was detected in normal control tissues. CONCLUSION: These findings support the concept of localized nasal @entity1 in 'non- @entity2 ' @entity4 subjects. We propose the term 'entopy' to define this phenomenon and believe that this concept has a wider implication for localized allergic responses in other mucosal sites.

title: 'Entopy': localized mucosal allergic disease in the absence of systemic responses for XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Twenty-seven @entity0 (two @entity0 ) with @entity1 (19 open) were treated in our institution with a mean age of 38.9 years (range 22-67 years) and a mean Injury Severity Score of 11.5 (9-34). Sixteen @entity1 were stabilised initially with an interlocking nail, seven with an external fixator, one with a hybrid external fixator, two cases were plated and one was treated in plaster. The mean size of the segment was 11.5 cm (range 4-20 cm). Soft tissue coverage was required in 17 cases. There were three cases of @entity3 , six cases of superficial @entity2 cases (two of which required amputation). In four cases, excision of the non-viable segment was necessary. Overall, 13 @entity0 were subjected to a second operative procedure (OP) (four external fixators were replaced with the AO solid tibial nail, two Ilizarov bone transports following excision of the dead bone segment, 2 below knee amputations, 3 exchange reamed nailings, 1 LISS plate application for stability and 1 ring fixator for compression of a @entity1 ). Five @entity0 underwent third procedure (two Ilizarov for bone transport, two exchange nailing, and one bone grafting). The mean time to union of the proximal segment was 38.8 weeks (range 10-78 weeks) and 41.4 weeks (range 12-65 weeks) for the distal segment, respectively. The treatment of @entity1 poses many problems to the surgeon due to the precarious blood supply of the intermediate segment. The risk of non-union delayed union, @entity2 and additional procedures is high as seen in this series of @entity0 .

title: XXXX : an assessment of procedures in 27 cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a dedicated monitoring protocol on the incidence of pregnancy-induced @entity1 ( @entity2 , @entity4 [ @entity5 , elevated liver enzymes, low platelets] syndrome, @entity1 ) during a 5-year period in 417 @entity0 with multiple gestations. METHODS: At the Department of Obstetrics and Fetomaternal Medicine, Vienna University, an outpatient care protocol for @entity0 with @entity3 was established. Between March 1997 and February 2002, 379 twins and 38 triplets were followed up. Mean visits of dichorial and monochorial twins were nine and 11, respectively. Triplets were asked to at least 12 follow-up visits. RESULTS: Any kind of pregnancy-associated @entity1 disorders necessitating cesarean delivery developed in eight @entity0 (seven with twins, one with triplets; 1.76%). Three cases of @entity2 , three cases of @entity4 , and two cases of pregnancy-induced @entity1 were diagnosed. Perinatal outcome of all 17 newborns was excellent without any mortality and only minor morbidity. All mothers left the hospital in a fully recovered condition. CONCLUSION: Because of our results we hypothesize that our monitoring protocol with frequent visits, continuous personal obstetric care, and timed delivery is effective in reduction of pregnancy-induced @entity1 in @entity3 .

title: @entity2 in XXXX by a dedicated monitoring protocol.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a dedicated monitoring protocol on the incidence of pregnancy-induced @entity1 ( @entity2 , @entity4 [ @entity5 , elevated liver enzymes, low platelets] syndrome, @entity1 ) during a 5-year period in 417 @entity0 with multiple gestations. METHODS: At the Department of Obstetrics and Fetomaternal Medicine, Vienna University, an outpatient care protocol for @entity0 with @entity3 was established. Between March 1997 and February 2002, 379 twins and 38 triplets were followed up. Mean visits of dichorial and monochorial twins were nine and 11, respectively. Triplets were asked to at least 12 follow-up visits. RESULTS: Any kind of pregnancy-associated @entity1 disorders necessitating cesarean delivery developed in eight @entity0 (seven with twins, one with triplets; 1.76%). Three cases of @entity2 , three cases of @entity4 , and two cases of pregnancy-induced @entity1 were diagnosed. Perinatal outcome of all 17 newborns was excellent without any mortality and only minor morbidity. All mothers left the hospital in a fully recovered condition. CONCLUSION: Because of our results we hypothesize that our monitoring protocol with frequent visits, continuous personal obstetric care, and timed delivery is effective in reduction of pregnancy-induced @entity1 in @entity3 .

title: XXXX in @entity3 by a dedicated monitoring protocol.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Pancreatic beta-cell-restricted knockout of the @entity4 results in @entity6 due to @entity2 , suggesting that this cell is an important target of insulin action. The present studies were undertaken in beta-cell @entity4 knockout (betaIRKO) @entity1 to define the mechanisms underlying the defect in insulin secretion. On the basis of responses to intraperitoneal @entity3 , approximately 7-mo-old betaIRKO @entity1 were either @entity0 (25%) or normally @entity3 tolerant (75%). Total insulin content was profoundly reduced in pancreata of mutant @entity1 compared with controls. Both groups also exhibited reduced beta-cell mass and islet number. However, insulin mRNA and protein were similar in islets of @entity0 and normoglycemic betaIRKO @entity1 compared with controls. Insulin secretion in response to insulin secretagogues from the isolated perfused pancreas was markedly reduced in the @entity0 and to a lesser degree in the nondiabetic betaIRKO group. Pancreatic islets of nondiabetic betaIRKO animals also exhibited defects in @entity7 - and @entity5 -stimulated insulin release that were milder than in the @entity0 animals. Gene expression analysis of islets revealed a modest reduction of @entity8 and @entity9 gene expression in both the nondiabetic and @entity0 mutants. Taken together, these data indicate that loss of functional receptors for insulin in beta-cells leads primarily to profound defects in postnatal beta-cell growth. In addition, altered @entity3 sensing may also contribute to defective insulin secretion in mutant animals that develop @entity0 .

title: Reduced beta-cell mass and altered XXXX sensing impair insulin-secretory function in betaIRKO @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Pancreatic beta-cell-restricted knockout of the @entity4 results in @entity6 due to @entity2 , suggesting that this cell is an important target of insulin action. The present studies were undertaken in beta-cell @entity4 knockout (betaIRKO) @entity1 to define the mechanisms underlying the defect in insulin secretion. On the basis of responses to intraperitoneal @entity3 , approximately 7-mo-old betaIRKO @entity1 were either @entity0 (25%) or normally @entity3 tolerant (75%). Total insulin content was profoundly reduced in pancreata of mutant @entity1 compared with controls. Both groups also exhibited reduced beta-cell mass and islet number. However, insulin mRNA and protein were similar in islets of @entity0 and normoglycemic betaIRKO @entity1 compared with controls. Insulin secretion in response to insulin secretagogues from the isolated perfused pancreas was markedly reduced in the @entity0 and to a lesser degree in the nondiabetic betaIRKO group. Pancreatic islets of nondiabetic betaIRKO animals also exhibited defects in @entity7 - and @entity5 -stimulated insulin release that were milder than in the @entity0 animals. Gene expression analysis of islets revealed a modest reduction of @entity8 and @entity9 gene expression in both the nondiabetic and @entity0 mutants. Taken together, these data indicate that loss of functional receptors for insulin in beta-cells leads primarily to profound defects in postnatal beta-cell growth. In addition, altered @entity3 sensing may also contribute to defective insulin secretion in mutant animals that develop @entity0 .

title: Reduced beta-cell mass and altered @entity3 sensing impair insulin-secretory function in betaIRKO XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: In this single institution Phase II trial, we evaluated the efficacy of the @entity3 analogue, @entity8 , in @entity0 with advanced @entity2 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The @entity0 initially received @entity8 at 12.5 micro g p.o. every day, which was dose adjusted for @entity7 . Given the cytostatic nature of the drug, the primary study end point was progression-free survival for a minimum of 6 months. The secondary end point was further characterization of @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 26 @entity0 was enrolled. Using the intent-to-treat population, stable disease was seen for an average of 19.2 weeks (median 12 weeks, range 3-108 weeks). Twenty @entity0 were evaluable for response. The one @entity0 that achieved disease stabilization for >2 years elected to come off-study because of @entity0 preference. His last disease evaluation showed no evidence of progression. No objective responses were seen. Previous and ongoing clinical observations strongly imply that @entity5 could be a misleading surrogate marker for clinical effect with this type of drug. Therefore, @entity5 was not used as a marker for disease response. @entity1 was as expected with mild @entity7 and associated symptoms like @entity4 and @entity6 seen in some @entity0 . Six (30%) evaluable @entity0 experienced stable disease for >6 months, suggesting possible cytostatic activity. CONCLUSION: The results of this and other trials suggest further clinical investigation in this disease with @entity3 analogues alone or in combination with other agents, such as chemotherapy, should be pursued.

title: Phase II study of @entity8 in the treatment of advanced androgen-independent XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: In this single institution Phase II trial, we evaluated the efficacy of the @entity3 analogue, @entity8 , in @entity0 with advanced @entity2 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The @entity0 initially received @entity8 at 12.5 micro g p.o. every day, which was dose adjusted for @entity7 . Given the cytostatic nature of the drug, the primary study end point was progression-free survival for a minimum of 6 months. The secondary end point was further characterization of @entity1 . RESULTS: A total of 26 @entity0 was enrolled. Using the intent-to-treat population, stable disease was seen for an average of 19.2 weeks (median 12 weeks, range 3-108 weeks). Twenty @entity0 were evaluable for response. The one @entity0 that achieved disease stabilization for >2 years elected to come off-study because of @entity0 preference. His last disease evaluation showed no evidence of progression. No objective responses were seen. Previous and ongoing clinical observations strongly imply that @entity5 could be a misleading surrogate marker for clinical effect with this type of drug. Therefore, @entity5 was not used as a marker for disease response. @entity1 was as expected with mild @entity7 and associated symptoms like @entity4 and @entity6 seen in some @entity0 . Six (30%) evaluable @entity0 experienced stable disease for >6 months, suggesting possible cytostatic activity. CONCLUSION: The results of this and other trials suggest further clinical investigation in this disease with @entity3 analogues alone or in combination with other agents, such as chemotherapy, should be pursued.

title: Phase II study of XXXX in the treatment of advanced androgen-independent @entity2 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: In this Phase I, dose-seeking study, we investigated the dose-limiting @entity2 (DLTs) and maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of oral @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity7 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity0 with @entity9 , @entity11 , or relapsed @entity10 were treated with 0.6-1.9 mg/m(2)/day oral @entity8 for 5 consecutive days on and 2 days off, for 3 weeks (15 doses/course) followed by 2-4 weeks of rest. The DLTs occurring during the first course of treatment were considered for defining the MTD. Preliminary results of antitumor activity were assessed by examining bone marrow status and peripheral blood cell counts. RESULTS: All 26 @entity0 enrolled in the study were evaluable for @entity2 , and 24 @entity0 were evaluable for response. A total of 54 courses were administered. The most frequently reported nonhematological @entity2 (percentage of courses) were @entity3 (57%), @entity4 (50%), @entity5 (24%), and @entity1 (9%). DLTs included grade 3 or 4 @entity4 and @entity3 at 1.9 mg/m(2)/day. The MTD for oral @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity7 was defined at 1.4 mg/m(2)/day. @entity6 was noted in all 26 @entity0 and with all courses but was not considered dose-limiting. Four (17%) @entity0 achieved a complete response, and six (25%) @entity0 experienced hematological improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Protracted administration of oral @entity8 is safe and well tolerated in @entity0 with @entity7 . At the dose-schedule used, single-agent oral @entity8 has a definite activity in @entity0 with @entity9 and @entity10 and warrants further investigation alone or in combination with other agents.

title: Phase I study of oral @entity8 in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: In this Phase I, dose-seeking study, we investigated the dose-limiting @entity2 (DLTs) and maximal tolerated dose (MTD) of oral @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity7 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity0 with @entity9 , @entity11 , or relapsed @entity10 were treated with 0.6-1.9 mg/m(2)/day oral @entity8 for 5 consecutive days on and 2 days off, for 3 weeks (15 doses/course) followed by 2-4 weeks of rest. The DLTs occurring during the first course of treatment were considered for defining the MTD. Preliminary results of antitumor activity were assessed by examining bone marrow status and peripheral blood cell counts. RESULTS: All 26 @entity0 enrolled in the study were evaluable for @entity2 , and 24 @entity0 were evaluable for response. A total of 54 courses were administered. The most frequently reported nonhematological @entity2 (percentage of courses) were @entity3 (57%), @entity4 (50%), @entity5 (24%), and @entity1 (9%). DLTs included grade 3 or 4 @entity4 and @entity3 at 1.9 mg/m(2)/day. The MTD for oral @entity8 in @entity0 with @entity7 was defined at 1.4 mg/m(2)/day. @entity6 was noted in all 26 @entity0 and with all courses but was not considered dose-limiting. Four (17%) @entity0 achieved a complete response, and six (25%) @entity0 experienced hematological improvement. CONCLUSIONS: Protracted administration of oral @entity8 is safe and well tolerated in @entity0 with @entity7 . At the dose-schedule used, single-agent oral @entity8 has a definite activity in @entity0 with @entity9 and @entity10 and warrants further investigation alone or in combination with other agents.

title: Phase I study of oral XXXX in @entity7 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: Malignant transformation of cells is frequently associated with abnormalities in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) expression. These abnormalities may play a role in the clinical course of the disease, because HLA antigens mediate interactions of @entity1 cells with T cells and natural killer cells. @entity4 is a highly @entity1 and is characterized by hematogenic spread to liver. Antigen-processing molecules (APMs) are necessary for efficient expression of HLA class I antigens. We studied the expression of HLA antigens and the APM in @entity4 by immunohistochemistry and correlated clinicopathologically. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity3 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ), HLA class II antigens, and the APM comprising proteasomal subunits low molecular mass polypeptide ( @entity7 , beta-subunit of LMP2-Delta, @entity6 , transporter associated protein 1 subunit, and chaperone molecules tapasin and calnexin were studied in 41 primary @entity4 archival specimens by immunohistochemistry. Immunoanalysis was done by a semiquantitative method and correlated with extrascleral extension, cell types, and the @entity1 diameter. RESULTS: @entity3 , @entity5 , HLA class II antigen, and the APM were decreased (negative staining in 29 @entity1 and dull staining in 3 @entity1 ) in 100% (32 of 32) @entity4 with no extrascleral extension. (P = 0.01) and positive (bright staining) in 67% (4 of 9) @entity1 with liver @entity0 . Decreased immunoexpression of HLA antigens and the APM was seen in nonepithelioid cell @entity2 . There was no correlation with @entity1 diameter. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest decreased expression of HLA, and APM are seen in @entity4 with no extrascleral extension and in nonepithelioid cell @entity2 . Decreased expression of APM may contribute to decreased @entity3 expression.

title: Major histocompatibility antigens and antigen-processing molecules in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiation are the most common treatments for @entity2 . Given the absence of clinical consensus in favor of one treatment or the other, relative costs may be a significant factor. This study compares the direct medical costs during the month before and 9 months after diagnosis for @entity0 treated primarily with external-beam radiation or radical prostatectomy for @entity1 . METHODS: @entity0 age 65 or older and coded by the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry as having been diagnosed with @entity2 treated primarily with external-beam radiation or radical prostatectomy during 1992 and 1993 were identified. The initial treatment costs, as measured by Medicare-approved payment amounts, for each strategy were analyzed using linked SEER-Medicare claims data after adjusting for differences in comorbidity and age. An intent-to-treat analysis was also performed to adjust for differences in staging between the two groups. RESULTS: For @entity0 in the treatment-received analysis, the average costs were significantly different;  14,048 (95% confidence interval [CI],  13,765 to  14,330) for radiation therapy and  17,226 (95% CI,  16,891 to  17,560) for radical prostatectomy (P <.001). The average costs for @entity0 in the intent-to-treat analysis were also significantly less for radiation therapy @entity0 ( 14,048; 95% CI,  13,765 to  14,330) than for those who underwent radical prostatectomy ( 17,516; 95% CI,  17,195 to  17,837; P <.001). CONCLUSION: For @entity0 with @entity1 , average costs during the initial treatment interval were at least 23% greater for radical prostatectomy than for external-beam radiation. Major limitations of the research include not studying costs after the initial treatment interval and questionable current applicability, given changes in management of early @entity2 .

title: Comparing the costs of radiation therapy and radical prostatectomy for the initial treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Metabolic programming in utero due to maternal undernutrition is considered to increase the risk of @entity1 in offspring. It is therefore of relevance to investigate how dietary supplementation of specific nutrients can ameliorate the negative effects of maternal @entity6 . We examined the effects of supplementing fish oil or @entity5 , both of which are conventional supplements in maternal intervention, on risk factors in the offspring as adults. Pregnant female @entity0 from 4 groups (n = 6/group) were fed casein diets with 18 g/100 g protein (control diet), 12 g/100 g protein supplemented with 8 mg @entity5 /kg diet (0.08 mg/kg diet) ( @entity8 ), 12 g/100 g protein without @entity5 ( @entity7 ) or 12 g/100 g protein supplemented with 7 g/100 g fish oil (FOIL). Pups were weaned to a standard laboratory diet with 18 g/100 g protein. Serum @entity3 , insulin and @entity2 and plasma @entity4 levels were measured in the offspring at 6 and 11 mo of age. Serum @entity3 in 11-mo-old male and female pups was greater (P < 0.05) in both the @entity8 (males 2.46 +/- 0.51, females 2.49 +/- 0.29 mmol/L) and @entity7 groups (2.48 +/- 0.28 and 2.67 +/- 0.41 mmol/L) than in controls (2.03 +/- 0.15 and 2.02 +/- 0.18 mmol/L). Serum insulin concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in the @entity7 group (males 1476 +/- 317, females 1441 +/- 220 pmol/L) but were lower in males from the @entity8 group (483 +/- 165 pmol/L) compared with controls (males 917 +/- 373, females 981 +/- 264 pmol/L). @entity3 and insulin concentrations did not differ between the control and FOIL groups. Plasma @entity4 levels were lower (P < 0.05) only in 11-mo-old @entity5 -deficient males; none of the other groups differed from the controls. Maternal supplementation of fish oil to a diet containing marginal protein was beneficial in maintaining circulating @entity3 , insulin, @entity2 and @entity4 levels in the offspring as adults.

title: Fish oil supplementation of @entity0 during pregnancy reduces XXXX risks in their offspring.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Metabolic programming in utero due to maternal undernutrition is considered to increase the risk of @entity1 in offspring. It is therefore of relevance to investigate how dietary supplementation of specific nutrients can ameliorate the negative effects of maternal @entity6 . We examined the effects of supplementing fish oil or @entity5 , both of which are conventional supplements in maternal intervention, on risk factors in the offspring as adults. Pregnant female @entity0 from 4 groups (n = 6/group) were fed casein diets with 18 g/100 g protein (control diet), 12 g/100 g protein supplemented with 8 mg @entity5 /kg diet (0.08 mg/kg diet) ( @entity8 ), 12 g/100 g protein without @entity5 ( @entity7 ) or 12 g/100 g protein supplemented with 7 g/100 g fish oil (FOIL). Pups were weaned to a standard laboratory diet with 18 g/100 g protein. Serum @entity3 , insulin and @entity2 and plasma @entity4 levels were measured in the offspring at 6 and 11 mo of age. Serum @entity3 in 11-mo-old male and female pups was greater (P < 0.05) in both the @entity8 (males 2.46 +/- 0.51, females 2.49 +/- 0.29 mmol/L) and @entity7 groups (2.48 +/- 0.28 and 2.67 +/- 0.41 mmol/L) than in controls (2.03 +/- 0.15 and 2.02 +/- 0.18 mmol/L). Serum insulin concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in the @entity7 group (males 1476 +/- 317, females 1441 +/- 220 pmol/L) but were lower in males from the @entity8 group (483 +/- 165 pmol/L) compared with controls (males 917 +/- 373, females 981 +/- 264 pmol/L). @entity3 and insulin concentrations did not differ between the control and FOIL groups. Plasma @entity4 levels were lower (P < 0.05) only in 11-mo-old @entity5 -deficient males; none of the other groups differed from the controls. Maternal supplementation of fish oil to a diet containing marginal protein was beneficial in maintaining circulating @entity3 , insulin, @entity2 and @entity4 levels in the offspring as adults.

title: Fish oil supplementation of XXXX during pregnancy reduces @entity1 risks in their offspring.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Diabetics remain a high-risk group for those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) using balloon angioplasty and/or intracoronary stents for myocardial revascularization. The objective of this study is to compare clinical characteristics, demographics, procedure indications, lesion characteristics, and acute and long-term outcomes between @entity1 @entity0 and non- @entity1 @entity0 in a community based PCI registry. METHODS AND RESULTS: Information on @entity0 demographics, coronary risk factors, lesion characteristics, procedures, and outcomes were derived from an HCA, Inc. database on all @entity0 undergoing a PCI procedure in one of four community cardiac catheterization laboratories (CCL). A total of 3,139 @entity0 who underwent PCI procedures from July 1, 1999 through September 30, 2000 were enrolled in this study. Approximately one-third of these @entity0 completed a follow-up survey one year after their initial encounter. Analysis was limited to those @entity0 undergoing PCI of native vessels with stents or conventional balloon angioplasty; @entity0 with @entity2 in bypass grafts or those treated with atherectomy were excluded. Approximately 23.5% of the @entity0 enrolled in the study were @entity1 . This study found no significant difference in any acute outcome between @entity1 and non- @entity1 @entity0 in the hospital episode associated with the index PCI procedure. However, data from the 1-year follow-up survey indicates @entity1 @entity0 tended to have more @entity2 revascularization (TLR) (13.6% versus 8.9%; p = 0.07) and more target vessel revascularization (TVR) (17.6% versus 12.7%; p = 0.058) than non- @entity1 @entity0 . In addition, adjusted odds ratios indicate that @entity1 @entity0 were 1.6 times more likely to have a second PCI procedure in another vessel (p = 0.013), 2.4 times more likely to undergo bypass surgery (p = 0.003), 1.9 times more likely to undergo an additional revascularization procedure (p < 0.001) and 1.8 times more likely to experience any major adverse @entity3 (p < 0.001) than non- @entity1 @entity0 during the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that selected @entity1 @entity0 can be treated for myocardial revascularization using PCI procedures with acceptable acute outcomes. However, @entity1 @entity0 undergoing PCIs have significantly more disease progression and are more likely to experience the need for recurrent revascularization.

title: The influence of XXXX on the practice and outcomes of percutaneous coronary intervention in the community: a report from the HCA database.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A prospective randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effectiveness of combined manipulative treatment, stabilizing exercises, and physician consultation compared with physician consultation alone for @entity4 . SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Strong evidence exists that manual therapy provides more effective short-term @entity1 relief than does placebo treatment in the management of @entity4 . The evidence for long-term effect is lacking. METHODS: Two hundred four @entity4 @entity0 , whose @entity3 index was at least 16%, were randomly assigned to either a manipulative-treatment group or a consultation group. All were clinically examined, informed about their back @entity1 , provided with an educational booklet, and were given specific instructions based on the clinical evaluation. The treatment included four sessions of manipulation and stabilizing exercises aiming to correct the lumbopelvic rhythm. Questionnaires inquired about @entity1 intensity, self-rated disability, @entity2 , health-related quality of life, health care costs, and production costs. RESULTS: At the baseline, the groups were comparable, except for the percentage of employees (P = 0.01). At the 5- and 12-month follow-ups, the manipulative-treatment group showed more significant reductions in @entity1 intensity (P < 0.001) and in self-rated disability (P = 0.002) than the consultation group. However, we detected no significant difference between the groups in health-related quality of life or in costs. CONCLUSIONS: The manipulative treatment with stabilizing exercises was more effective in reducing @entity1 intensity and disability than the physician consultation alone. The present study showed that short, specific treatment programs with proper @entity0 information may alter the course of @entity4 .

title: A randomized trial of combined manipulation, stabilizing exercises, and physician consultation compared to physician consultation alone for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Technology development and prospective study. OBJECTIVES: Develop instrumentation for discrete, reliable, and objective measurement of brace use patterns between routine follow-ups and without @entity0 involvement. BACKGROUND DATA: To understand spinal bracing efficacy and clinical effectiveness in the conservative treatment of @entity1 , it is essential to measure and record such confounding variables as spinal physiology, force distribution, and compliance. Historically, compliance was measured using @entity0 interviews, pad/strap forces, or temperature. These measurements were subjective, limited to laboratory or short-term monitoring only, required @entity0 intervention, or lacked date/time recording. METHODS: Custom-fitted nonperforated thoracic lumbar sacral orthoses were instrumented with discrete data loggers to measure and record temperature at the skin-brace interface at 16-minute date/time-stamped intervals for up to 88-day periods without @entity0 involvement. Ten female @entity0 (age 15 years, SD 1.2) with @entity1 who had spinal bracing as part of their treatment regimen took part in the study over 14 months, SD 4.5 months. RESULTS: Compliance with the treatment regimen ranged from 8% to 90%, average 65%. @entity0 tended to overestimate their compliance by 150% (SD 50%). There was no significant difference between weekday and weekend compliance but wear patterns differed. Night wear was significantly greater than day wear (P < 0.01). @entity0 with very good compliance only removed their brace for washing or exercise periods, but where poor compliance was evident, the brace was only worn sporadically during the day. CONCLUSIONS: Temperature provides a clear signal of the time in brace and can be used for long-term data logging using discrete instrumentation, providing a tool to help identify and understand the reasons behind poor compliance.

title: The objective measurement of spinal orthosis use for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A historic cohort study of the sagittal alignment in 33 consecutive @entity0 with surgically corrected @entity4 . OBJECTIVES: To determine if postsurgical imbalance, @entity2 , and @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity4 is related to tight hamstrings. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Tight hamstrings are a frequent sign in @entity4 . The importance of tight hamstrings in the surgical management of @entity4 has not yet been studied. METHODS: Thirty-three @entity0 with @entity4 were managed by surgical correction and fusion. Tight hamstrings, lumbar-pelvic range of motion, and sagittal balance were evaluated. Sixteen @entity0 had tight hamstrings, and 17 @entity0 had nontight hamstrings. Hamstrings were considered tight if the popliteal angle was >30 degrees. RESULTS: @entity0 with tight hamstrings have a significantly greater risk of postoperative imbalance (P = 0.05), and these @entity0 can only compensate for this risk by reducing their lumbar @entity3 (P = 0.0227). Furthermore, the limitations in the lumbar and pelvic range of motion are predicted by tight hamstrings (P <or= 0.005). CONCLUSION: Tight hamstrings can be considered as an important factor in the surgical management of @entity4 . Tight hamstring @entity0 can be classified as "lumbar compensators" and as such are prone to overcorrection and imbalance. Preoperative assessment of the lumbar-pelvic range of motion and tight hamstrings should therefore be advised. Extensive fusion of the lumbar segments might compromise the lumbar compensation mechanism and induces further risk of imbalance.

title: XXXX : the importance of tight hamstrings in the surgical correction.

answer: @entity4


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case report. OBJECTIVES: To report a rare case of a 27-year-old female with @entity4 at the lower lumbar spine presenting @entity3 with a drop foot. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The majority of cases of @entity4 occur at the lower third of the thoracic or the thoracolumbar spine. There are only a few reports of @entity4 in the lumbar spine and @entity3 due to @entity4 at L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels is very uncommon. METHODS: A 27-year-old female with a prior @entity2 of posterior ring apophysis of L5 presented with leg @entity1 and a drop foot. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated stenosis with compression of the cauda equina at the L4-L5 and L5-S1 levels. RESULTS: Decompressive laminectomy of L5 and removal of the ossified yellow ligaments were performed. Histologic examination of en bloc specimen of @entity4 revealed degenerative changes of the elastic fibers in the yellow ligament with adjacent chondrosis and ossification. The @entity0 's severe leg @entity1 disappeared completely, although the extent of the drop foot had not fully recovered at the final follow-up examination. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism of @entity4 in the present case was unclear. The @entity0 did not have any previous generalized disorders besides the history of a ring apophysial @entity2 or any family history of treatment for @entity4 or @entity4 . Therefore, localized mechanical stress might have influenced the development of @entity4 at lower lumbar spine.

title: XXXX due to ossification of the yellow ligament at the lower lumbar spine.

answer: @entity3


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Dynamic visual acuity testing (DVAT) and the Dizziness Handicap Index (DHI) can be used as reliable outcome measures in @entity0 after @entity3 . BACKGROUND: Balance disorders are a significant disability after mild @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Assessing when individuals can perform activities of daily living, return to work, and begin to play sports can be difficult to determine. Objective outcome measures that correlate with successful life skills can be useful in managing these @entity0 . METHODS: Fifty-three active duty individuals who suffered mild @entity2 underwent weekly DVAT testing and were administered a weekly DHI. Results in this group were compared with 46 control subjects who had not experienced @entity2 . In addition, weekly scores were compared with the @entity0 's functional level, time to return to work, and time to perform all job related activities. RESULTS: Individuals with @entity2 showed an overall increase of 42% in DVAT function over the first 4 weeks of testing, whereas controls showed an 8% increase. Concurrently, individuals with @entity2 averaged a 18-point improvement in DHI function, whereas control subjects showed no significant change in this score. Improvement in DVAT and DHI function correlated closely at the 1-week time point. Improvement in the @entity0 's cognitive function, ability to return to activities of daily living, and ability to return to work gradually improved continuously. CONCLUSION: DVAT and the DHI can be used as reliable outcome measures in evaluating the progress of @entity0 with @entity1 associated with @entity2 . These measures allow providers to make more reliable recommendations regarding such activities as returning to work.

title: Objective vestibular tests as outcome measures in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Dynamic visual acuity testing (DVAT) and the Dizziness Handicap Index (DHI) can be used as reliable outcome measures in @entity0 after @entity3 . BACKGROUND: Balance disorders are a significant disability after mild @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Assessing when individuals can perform activities of daily living, return to work, and begin to play sports can be difficult to determine. Objective outcome measures that correlate with successful life skills can be useful in managing these @entity0 . METHODS: Fifty-three active duty individuals who suffered mild @entity2 underwent weekly DVAT testing and were administered a weekly DHI. Results in this group were compared with 46 control subjects who had not experienced @entity2 . In addition, weekly scores were compared with the @entity0 's functional level, time to return to work, and time to perform all job related activities. RESULTS: Individuals with @entity2 showed an overall increase of 42% in DVAT function over the first 4 weeks of testing, whereas controls showed an 8% increase. Concurrently, individuals with @entity2 averaged a 18-point improvement in DHI function, whereas control subjects showed no significant change in this score. Improvement in DVAT and DHI function correlated closely at the 1-week time point. Improvement in the @entity0 's cognitive function, ability to return to activities of daily living, and ability to return to work gradually improved continuously. CONCLUSION: DVAT and the DHI can be used as reliable outcome measures in evaluating the progress of @entity0 with @entity1 associated with @entity2 . These measures allow providers to make more reliable recommendations regarding such activities as returning to work.

title: Objective vestibular tests as outcome measures in @entity3 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: This study reviews the treatment response to the antiepileptic drug @entity5 (Topamax-mean dose 202 mg/d, range 150-350 mg/d) of a group of 22 institutionalized intellectually disabled adults (8 males, 14 females, mean age 46.5 years, age range 25-70 years). These individuals were predominantly classified as having severe or profound @entity1 and as having a @entity4 . The individuals studied were treated for @entity0 , self-injurious behaviors, destructive/disruptive behaviors or a combination of these, and/or other challenging and @entity0 . All subjects were receiving concurrent psychotropic and/or anticonvulsant medications. Effectiveness was determined by retrospective review of summaries of quarterly multidisciplinary Neuropsychiatric Behavioral Reviews. Assignment of global severity scores and evaluation of longitudinal behavioral graphs of target symptoms occurred. Overall, statistically significant @entity0 and worst behavior rates occurred in the subjects, especially when the 3 months before and the 3 to 6 months after starting @entity5 were compared. The overall subject group showed no significant weight changes. One subject developed @entity2 , 1 developed @entity6 , 1 developed sedation, and 2 developed @entity3 . The results suggest that @entity5 may have a role in the treatment of challenging/ @entity0 in intellectually disabled individuals.

title: Effects of XXXX on aggressive, self-injurious, and disruptive/destructive behaviors in the intellectually disabled: an open-label retrospective study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Some of the selective @entity3 reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)-induced motor side effects are mediated by stimulating 5-HT2 receptors in the basal ganglia, probably because @entity3 inhibits the subsequent neuronal @entity5 release. We hypothesized that @entity6 , a @entity3 2 antagonist/reuptake inhibitor (SARI) that selectively blocks 5-HT2 receptors, could disrupt the aforementioned inhibitory pathway. Therefore, increased @entity5 levels in the postsynaptic milieu and an improvement in the motor symptoms in @entity2 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) should be observed. This study was designed to determine whether @entity6 has a dual activity as an antidepressant and as an agent capable of reducing the extrapyramidal symptoms in @entity2 @entity1 @entity0 . @entity2 @entity0 with @entity1 were randomly assigned to 2 therapeutic groups: @entity6 or @entity4 . @entity0 were evaluated by a psychiatrist and were blindly assessed by a neurologist with an array of scales. @entity0 on @entity6 (n = 9) showed a significant improvement over time in the total Unified @entity1 Rating Scale score (UPDRS) (part II + part III) (P = 0.004) and in the UPDRS subscore part III (P = 0.003). None of these scores changed over time in the @entity4 group (n = 7). Both, @entity6 and @entity4 were equally effective as antidepressants: Beck Depression Inventory scores significantly improved (P < 0.001), with no significant differences between treatment groups (P = 0.97). If our results can be confirmed in a larger clinical trial, @entity6 ought to be considered over @entity4 given its secondary beneficial effects regarding the reduction of extrapyramidal symptoms in @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Does XXXX improve both @entity2 and @entity1 ? A pilot randomized trial.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Some of the selective @entity3 reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)-induced motor side effects are mediated by stimulating 5-HT2 receptors in the basal ganglia, probably because @entity3 inhibits the subsequent neuronal @entity5 release. We hypothesized that @entity6 , a @entity3 2 antagonist/reuptake inhibitor (SARI) that selectively blocks 5-HT2 receptors, could disrupt the aforementioned inhibitory pathway. Therefore, increased @entity5 levels in the postsynaptic milieu and an improvement in the motor symptoms in @entity2 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) should be observed. This study was designed to determine whether @entity6 has a dual activity as an antidepressant and as an agent capable of reducing the extrapyramidal symptoms in @entity2 @entity1 @entity0 . @entity2 @entity0 with @entity1 were randomly assigned to 2 therapeutic groups: @entity6 or @entity4 . @entity0 were evaluated by a psychiatrist and were blindly assessed by a neurologist with an array of scales. @entity0 on @entity6 (n = 9) showed a significant improvement over time in the total Unified @entity1 Rating Scale score (UPDRS) (part II + part III) (P = 0.004) and in the UPDRS subscore part III (P = 0.003). None of these scores changed over time in the @entity4 group (n = 7). Both, @entity6 and @entity4 were equally effective as antidepressants: Beck Depression Inventory scores significantly improved (P < 0.001), with no significant differences between treatment groups (P = 0.97). If our results can be confirmed in a larger clinical trial, @entity6 ought to be considered over @entity4 given its secondary beneficial effects regarding the reduction of extrapyramidal symptoms in @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Does @entity6 improve both XXXX and @entity1 ? A pilot randomized trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Some of the selective @entity3 reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)-induced motor side effects are mediated by stimulating 5-HT2 receptors in the basal ganglia, probably because @entity3 inhibits the subsequent neuronal @entity5 release. We hypothesized that @entity6 , a @entity3 2 antagonist/reuptake inhibitor (SARI) that selectively blocks 5-HT2 receptors, could disrupt the aforementioned inhibitory pathway. Therefore, increased @entity5 levels in the postsynaptic milieu and an improvement in the motor symptoms in @entity2 @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) should be observed. This study was designed to determine whether @entity6 has a dual activity as an antidepressant and as an agent capable of reducing the extrapyramidal symptoms in @entity2 @entity1 @entity0 . @entity2 @entity0 with @entity1 were randomly assigned to 2 therapeutic groups: @entity6 or @entity4 . @entity0 were evaluated by a psychiatrist and were blindly assessed by a neurologist with an array of scales. @entity0 on @entity6 (n = 9) showed a significant improvement over time in the total Unified @entity1 Rating Scale score (UPDRS) (part II + part III) (P = 0.004) and in the UPDRS subscore part III (P = 0.003). None of these scores changed over time in the @entity4 group (n = 7). Both, @entity6 and @entity4 were equally effective as antidepressants: Beck Depression Inventory scores significantly improved (P < 0.001), with no significant differences between treatment groups (P = 0.97). If our results can be confirmed in a larger clinical trial, @entity6 ought to be considered over @entity4 given its secondary beneficial effects regarding the reduction of extrapyramidal symptoms in @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Does @entity6 improve both @entity2 and XXXX ? A pilot randomized trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine pregnant @entity0 's weight-related attitudes and behaviors in relation to a constellation of psychosocial characteristics, prepregnancy body habitus, and gestational @entity3 . @entity0 : One hundred-thirty @entity0 with low-risk, normal pregnancies. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, observational study assessed attitudes about @entity3 at 36 weeks' gestation. Psychosocial characteristics, including @entity1 , @entity2 , social support, emotionality, and pregnancy-specific and nonspecific stress appraisal were assessed between 28 and 36 weeks' gestation. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED: Principal components factor analysis, Pearson correlations, t tests, and analysis of variance. RESULT: A range of positive and negative attitudes about @entity3 was expressed. Twenty-one percent (n=27) of the sample endorsed at least one weight-restrictive behavior during pregnancy. @entity0 who reported more weight-restrictive behaviors were more anxious (r=.24, P<.01), @entity2 (r=.29,P<.001), angry (r=.29, P<.001), stressed (r=.23, P<.01), and felt less uplifted (r=-.21, P<.05) about their pregnancies in general. Higher Positive Pregnancy Body Image scores were associated with feeling better about the pregnancy in general (r=.35, P<.001), fewer @entity2 , and less anger (both r=.20, both P<.01). @entity0 who were self conscious about their @entity3 felt more hassled by their pregnancies (r=.21, P<.05), greater anger (r=.21, P<.05), and more support from partners (r=.22, P<.05). Prepregnancy body mass index was unrelated, but negative attitudes about @entity3 existed even among @entity0 who gained within recommended ranges. CONCLUSION: @entity0 's attitudes about @entity3 in pregnancy are imbedded in their orientation toward pregnancy as well as their general psychological functioning. Effective nutrition counseling for pregnant @entity0 should include consideration of weight-restrictive behaviors, the degree to which the pregnancy is perceived as positive and uplifting, and whether @entity3 attitudes may be associated with their relationship with a spouse or partner.

title: Psychosocial influences on XXXX attitudes and behaviors during pregnancy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVE: Although much is known about injury-related @entity2 from the use of external cause of injury codes (ecodes) on death certificates, the contribution of @entity1 is unknown, with most information based on estimates from national surveys. Some states mandate ecoding of charts for hospitalized @entity0 , but few require ecode assignment for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) records. Missouri and Nebraska mandated ecoding of @entity3 records in 1993 and 1994, respectively, allowing for a more complete description of injuries in those states. We describe fatal and nonfatal @entity1 in Missouri and Nebraska by using ecodes, with graphic representation in the form of injury pyramids. METHODS: Ecode frequencies for 1996 to 1998 for all injury causes in Missouri and Nebraska were reported directly from their respective health departments. The ecode frequencies were grouped according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's ecode matrix for presenting injury and mortality data. RESULTS: During the study period, 13,052 @entity2 , 131,210 hospitalizations, and 1,914,140 @entity3 visits occurred as the result of injury. The most frequent lethal injuries were unintentional motor vehicle crashes (32.3% of total @entity2 ), self-inflicted gunshot wound (13.2%), unintentional falls (11.3%), gunshot wound from an assault (7.7%), and unintentional @entity4 (4.3%). The leading causes of injury-related hospitalization were unintentional falls (47.8% of total hospitalizations), unintentional motor vehicle crashes (15.5%), self-inflicted @entity4 (6.5%), and overexertion or strenuous movements (2.4%). Of 1.9 million @entity1 visits, unintentional falls accounted for 24.3%, unintentionally being struck by an object or @entity0 for 14.6%, unintentional motor vehicle crashes for 11.4%, unintentionally being cut or pierced for 10.7%, and overexertion or strenuous movements for 8.5%. CONCLUSION: Ecoding in Missouri and Nebraska provides a comprehensive data retrieval system that allows for a graphic depiction of the @entity1 derived from real @entity0 encounters within specific geographic regions.

title: The pyramid of injury: using ecodes to accurately describe the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We investigate the feasibility of @entity11 -selected peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation followed by pre-emptive @entity4 -depleted donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) after a minimal conditioning regimen. Six @entity0 with advanced @entity8 ineligible for a conventional myeloablative transplant (n=5) or metastatic @entity7 (n=1), and with an HLA-identical (n=4) or alternative (n=2) donor were included. The nonmyeloablative conditioning regimen consisted in 2 Gy @entity2 alone (n=4), 2 Gy @entity2 and @entity12 ( @entity7 @entity0 , n=1) or @entity6 and @entity12 ( @entity0 who had previously received 12 Gy @entity2 , n=1). Post transplant immunosuppression was carried out with @entity3 (CyA) and @entity5 ( @entity10 ). Initial engraftment was achieved in all @entity0 . One out of six @entity0 (17%) experienced grade > or =2 acute GVHD only after abrupt @entity3 discontinuation and alpha interferon therapy for life-threatening @entity1 progression. T-cell chimerism was 23% (19-30) on day 28, 32% (10-35) on day 100, 78% (49-95) on day 180 and 99.5% (99-100) on day 365. Three out of four @entity0 who had measurable disease before the transplant experienced a complete response. We conclude that @entity11 -selected NMSCT followed by @entity4 -depleted DLI is feasible and preserves engraftment and apparently also the graft-versus- @entity9 (GVL) effect. Further studies are needed to confirm this encouraging preliminary report.

title: Low T-cell chimerism is not followed by graft rejection after nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation (NMSCT) with XXXX -selected PBSC.

answer: @entity11


abstract: BACKGROUND: Whether the phase relationship (phase shift) between cerebral blood flow velocity as assessed by transcranial Doppler ultrasound and blood pressure at 0.1 Hz can be used to assess cerebral autoregulation (CA) in @entity0 with severe @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: In 33 healthy volunteers (mean age, SD; 37+/-17 years, range 17-65) middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood velocity (V) was recorded simultaneously with finger blood pressure (BP) over a period of 10 minutes under normocapnic and hypocapnic conditions to generate normative data. In 27 @entity0 with severe @entity2 (Glasgow @entity3 scale score < or =8) serial close in time investigations of cranial computed tomography (CT) scanning and phase shift assessment were performed on days 1, 3, 5, and 8 after @entity1 . Phase shift in the MCA was compared to brain parenchyma lesion size in the @entity4 territory on CT scanning. Lesion size was classified into 0, normal; 1, presence of a small lesion (diameter <3 cm); 2, presence of a large lesion (>3 cm). FINDINGS: Compared to normocapnia, @entity5 significantly increased phase shift at 0.1 Hz from 78+/-28 degrees to 101+/-25 degrees (p < 0.001). In the @entity2 @entity0 , 115 comparisons between CT findings and CA results were possible. Phase shift detected a pathological CA in 31 instances, which were more frequent in CT lesion type 2 (19/42) than in group 0 (7/44) and group 1 (5/29). INTERPRETATION: When CA is intended to be assessed by use of phase shift, the hyperventilation setting needs its own reference values. In MCA territories containing a traumatic lesion greater than 3 cm in diameter phase shift at 0.1 Hz will detect a high frequency (44%) of a disturbed state of CA.

title: Brain lesion size and phase shift as an index of cerebral autoregulation in XXXX with severe head injury.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: We analyzed, using a theoretical model, the modality of recurrence after a simple cruroplasty for large @entity1 , and on the basis of physical and geometrical principles, we conceived a new shaped mesh for a "tension-free" repair. METHODS: We performed a physical and geometrical analysis of the hiatal region on a theoretical model. We also performed an anatomic study on 20 fresh cadavers to verify the reproducibility of the theoretical model and to study the most suitable shape for mesh and its adaptability to the hiatal region. Between September 2000 and October 2001, eight @entity0 received laparoscopic reparation of large (type II or III) @entity1 by means of a composite "A"-shaped @entity2 ( @entity2 )- @entity5 mesh. There were two @entity0 and six @entity0 ; mean age was 65 years (range, 35-78 years). Concomitant @entity4 was found in five @entity0 and impaired esophageal peristalsis in two @entity0 . A total or a partial fundoplication was associated in these cases. RESULTS: The physical and geometrical analysis of the hiatal region explained the reasons for the recurrence after hiatoplasty. The anatomical study on fresh cadavers resulted in a mesh tailored in an "A" shape and permitted to verify the adaptability of such a shaped mesh composed of two layers, @entity5 and @entity2 . In the clinical series no conversions occurred; the mortality rate was null. Persistent @entity3 was present in two @entity0 and disappeared after 3 months of treatment. No recurrence was observed at an 8-month average follow-up. CONCLUSION: The preliminary clinical study confirms the feasibility of this tension-free repair and the effectiveness of this composite A-shaped mesh.

title: Laparoscopic physiological hiatoplasty for XXXX : new composite "A"-shaped mesh. Physical and geometrical analysis and preliminary clinical results.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of @entity6 once a week (35 mg and 50 mg) compared with @entity6 5 mg once daily in @entity0 with @entity2 . We conducted a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, 2-year study; the primary efficacy assessment was performed after 1 year. Subjects were @entity0 aged 50 years or older who had been postmenopausal for at least 5 years, with either a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) T-score of -2.5 or lower (lumbar spine or proximal femur) or a T-score lower than -2 and at least one prevalent @entity3 . Subjects received @entity6 5 mg once daily, 35 mg once a week or 50 mg once a week. All subjects also received 1 g daily of elemental @entity4 supplementation and supplemental @entity5 if the baseline serum levels were low. The primary efficacy measure was percent change in lumbar spine @entity1 at 12 months. A total of 1,456 @entity0 were randomized and received medication; 1,209 (83%) @entity0 completed 12 months. The mean percent change (SE) in lumbar spine @entity1 after 12 months was 4.0% (0.2%) in the 5 mg daily group, 3.9% (0.2%) in the 35 mg group, and 4.2% (0.2%) in the 50 mg group; each once-a-week treatment was determined to be as effective as the daily treatment. Outcomes of the secondary efficacy measurements and safety assessments were also similar in all 3 groups after 12 months. @entity6 35 mg and 50 mg once a week provide the same efficacy and safety as the daily 5 mg regimen; therefore, the lower dose, 35 mg once a week, is considered optimal for @entity0 with @entity2 who desire a once-a-week regimen.

title: The efficacy and tolerability of XXXX once a week for the treatment of @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: This study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of @entity6 once a week (35 mg and 50 mg) compared with @entity6 5 mg once daily in @entity0 with @entity2 . We conducted a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, 2-year study; the primary efficacy assessment was performed after 1 year. Subjects were @entity0 aged 50 years or older who had been postmenopausal for at least 5 years, with either a @entity1 ( @entity1 ) T-score of -2.5 or lower (lumbar spine or proximal femur) or a T-score lower than -2 and at least one prevalent @entity3 . Subjects received @entity6 5 mg once daily, 35 mg once a week or 50 mg once a week. All subjects also received 1 g daily of elemental @entity4 supplementation and supplemental @entity5 if the baseline serum levels were low. The primary efficacy measure was percent change in lumbar spine @entity1 at 12 months. A total of 1,456 @entity0 were randomized and received medication; 1,209 (83%) @entity0 completed 12 months. The mean percent change (SE) in lumbar spine @entity1 after 12 months was 4.0% (0.2%) in the 5 mg daily group, 3.9% (0.2%) in the 35 mg group, and 4.2% (0.2%) in the 50 mg group; each once-a-week treatment was determined to be as effective as the daily treatment. Outcomes of the secondary efficacy measurements and safety assessments were also similar in all 3 groups after 12 months. @entity6 35 mg and 50 mg once a week provide the same efficacy and safety as the daily 5 mg regimen; therefore, the lower dose, 35 mg once a week, is considered optimal for @entity0 with @entity2 who desire a once-a-week regimen.

title: The efficacy and tolerability of @entity6 once a week for the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 mortality patterns throughout Europe are very heterogeneous and largely reflect past smoking habits. In order to clarify the changing patterns of @entity1 in Europe we have plotted the overall @entity1 trends among @entity0 and @entity0 for 20 countries from 1950 up to 1998. Furthermore, using a Bayesian age-period-cohort approach, we have calculated 5 year projections of @entity1 rate up to 2003. Finally, we make some comments on probable future trends by analysing recent trends in adults aged <55 years. @entity1 mortality rates up to age 75 years portray a general trend of decreasing @entity1 rates among @entity0 and increasing @entity1 rates among @entity0 . Exceptions to this decrease among @entity0 include Hungary where not only are current mortality rates much higher than previously observed in any other country (at 76.7 out of 100,000 in 1998) but they are projected to increase further in the short term. Rates among adults aged <55 years have recently peaked, indicating that overall rates are likely to peak in the next decade. Among @entity0 , rapid increases have been observed in Denmark, Netherlands, Hungary, Ireland and UK. Whereas Ireland and UK rates have started to decrease and are projected to continue falling, rates in the other three countries are projected to increase further. Trends in @entity0 aged <55 years indicate that rates in Danish @entity0 will peak in the next decade, whereas @entity1 rates among Dutch @entity0 are likely to continue increasing. Rates in Hungarian @entity0 are likely to increase and will surpass the current high rate observed in Denmark.

title: Recent trends and future directions for XXXX mortality in Europe.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Prior to putting in place a percutaneous device, the assessment of the @entity1 anatomy is mandatory. The 3D transthoracic echocardiography is a non-invasive method bringing an imaging of the @entity2 surface and its borders. Fifty-two @entity0 ageing from 3 to 16 years old had a rotational 3D transthoracic echocardiography. Thirty-six (69%) were selected for a percutaneous closure (borders > 7 mm and a septal surface/ @entity1 ratio > 2). Thirty-two of these selected @entity0 (89%) benefited from the Amplatz prosthesis implantation with success. The maximal 3D diameter of the @entity2 was 20 + 4 mm (14-30) compared to the mean size of prosthesis at 22 mm (18-30). Four of the 36 @entity0 (aneurismal septum or a borderline septal surface/ @entity1 ratio) were secondarily oriented to surgeons. Sixteen @entity0 (31%) were selected directly to a surgical closure. The lack of borders or septal surface were confirmed by the surgical view. The 3D transthoracic echocardiography allows to define new criteria for the selection of @entity0 prior to a percutaneous closure of @entity1 . This prospective study demonstrates that 9 out of 10 @entity0 who had the 3D criteria had a percutaneous closure of the @entity2 .

title: [3D-transthoracic echocardiography: a selection method prior to percutaneous closure of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The practice environment for surgery is changing. However, little is known regarding the trends or current status of inpatient surgery at a population level. HYPOTHESIS: Inpatient surgical care has changed significantly over the last 10 years. DESIGN: Longitudinal analysis of @entity1 inpatient discharge data (January 1, 1990, through December 31, 2000). SETTING: All 503 nonfederal acute care hospitals in @entity1 . @entity0 : All inpatients undergoing general, vascular, and cardiothoracic surgery in @entity1 from January 1, 1990, through December 31, 2000, were obtained. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Volume, mean age, comorbidity profile, length of hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality were obtained for inpatient general, vascular, and cardiothoracic surgical procedures performed during the period 1990 to 2000. Rates of change and trends were evaluated for the 10-year period. RESULTS: Between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2000, 1.64 million surgical procedures were performed. The number of surgical procedures increased 20.4%, from 135,795 in 1990 to 163,468 in 2000. Overall, @entity0 were older and had more comorbid disease in 2000 compared with 1990. Both crude and adjusted (by type of operation) in-hospital mortality decreased from 3.9% in 1990 to 2.75% (P<.001) and 2.58% (P<.001), respectively, in 2000. Length of hospital stay decreased over the period for all operations analyzed. CONCLUSIONS: The total number of inpatient general, vascular, and cardiothoracic surgical procedures has increased over the past decade. Furthermore, our findings indicate that the outcomes of care (eg, in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay) for @entity0 who undergo general, vascular, and cardiothoracic surgical procedures have improved. However, continued evaluations at the population level are needed.

title: Inpatient surgery in XXXX : 1990-2000.

answer: @entity1


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: @entity2 avoidance is possible in simultaneous @entity1 with the use of newer immunosuppressive agents and induction therapy. DESIGN: A retrospective consecutive case review. SETTING: A university tertiary referral center. @entity0 : Medical records of 40 consecutive @entity0 who underwent @entity1 from November 2000 to July 2002 were reviewed. INTERVENTION: The immunosuppression protocol used in this series of @entity0 consisted of Thymoglobulin induction combined with @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity7 for maintenance immunosuppression. @entity3 were used as pretreatment only, given with Thymoglobulin, and were typically discontinued by postoperative week 1. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Graft and @entity0 survival rates, rejection rates of the kidney or pancreas, @entity4 rates, and surgical complication rates. RESULTS: @entity0 , kidney, and pancreas survival rates were 95.0%, 92.5%, and 87.5%, respectively. Biopsy-proven pancreas rejection rates at 1 and 3 months' posttransplantation were 2.5%. Kidney rejection rates at 1 and 3 months were 2.5%. @entity3 were given only to @entity0 with documented transplant rejection. Surgical and medical complications were no different from earlier protocols. CONCLUSIONS: Immunosuppression protocols that do not include maintenance @entity3 have shown minimal rejection in the first 3 months and equivalent @entity0 and graft survival rates compared with protocols that use @entity3 . The potential beneficial long-term impact of @entity2 avoidance will require further study.

title: Excellent short-term results with @entity2 -free maintenance immunosuppression in low-risk simultaneous XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: @entity2 avoidance is possible in simultaneous @entity1 with the use of newer immunosuppressive agents and induction therapy. DESIGN: A retrospective consecutive case review. SETTING: A university tertiary referral center. @entity0 : Medical records of 40 consecutive @entity0 who underwent @entity1 from November 2000 to July 2002 were reviewed. INTERVENTION: The immunosuppression protocol used in this series of @entity0 consisted of Thymoglobulin induction combined with @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity7 for maintenance immunosuppression. @entity3 were used as pretreatment only, given with Thymoglobulin, and were typically discontinued by postoperative week 1. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Graft and @entity0 survival rates, rejection rates of the kidney or pancreas, @entity4 rates, and surgical complication rates. RESULTS: @entity0 , kidney, and pancreas survival rates were 95.0%, 92.5%, and 87.5%, respectively. Biopsy-proven pancreas rejection rates at 1 and 3 months' posttransplantation were 2.5%. Kidney rejection rates at 1 and 3 months were 2.5%. @entity3 were given only to @entity0 with documented transplant rejection. Surgical and medical complications were no different from earlier protocols. CONCLUSIONS: Immunosuppression protocols that do not include maintenance @entity3 have shown minimal rejection in the first 3 months and equivalent @entity0 and graft survival rates compared with protocols that use @entity3 . The potential beneficial long-term impact of @entity2 avoidance will require further study.

title: Excellent short-term results with XXXX -free maintenance immunosuppression in low-risk simultaneous @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of reduced @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in a group of female @entity6 @entity0 and to identify factors predictive of reduced @entity1 . @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry results were evaluated in 79 pre- and postmenopausal @entity0 with @entity6 aged (mean, range) 49 (22-73) years). Variables evaluated were disease duration, SLEDAI, current and cumulative corticosteroid dose, Steinbrocker's functional classification, use of immunosuppressive agents, and history of @entity5 due to minor @entity2 . A T-score of < or = 1.0 was found in 61.9% at the @entity8 and 48.3% at the @entity7 , and 18 (23.7%) @entity0 belonged to the category of @entity4 at @entity8 , compared to only three (5.4%) @entity0 at @entity7 . A statistical difference (P = 0.014) was found when comparing @entity8 @entity1 in pre- and postmenopausal @entity0 . @entity8 @entity1 had a significant correlation with daily and cumulative @entity3 dose (P = 0.016 and 0.031, respectively). There was a significant difference in @entity8 @entity1 between the daily @entity3 dose group receiving < or = 7.5 and those receiving > 7.5 mg/day (P = 0.008), and also in @entity7 @entity1 comparing groups on 0 and > 7.5 mg/day (P = 0.022). There was significant difference in @entity8 and @entity7 @entity1 between @entity0 in Steinbrocker classes I and III (P = 0.016 and 0.005, respectively). No significant correlation was found in either subgroup between @entity1 and other studied parameters. We concluded that the prevalence of reduced bone mass at @entity8 is pronounced among postmenopausal @entity0 with @entity6 , in those with a high Steinbrocker functional classification and those on a high daily @entity3 dose. Therefore, these @entity0 should be considered as a high-risk group deserving regular spinal @entity1 scans and therapy in time to prevent @entity5 .

title: Bone mineral density in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of reduced @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in a group of female @entity6 @entity0 and to identify factors predictive of reduced @entity1 . @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity8 ( @entity8 ) dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry results were evaluated in 79 pre- and postmenopausal @entity0 with @entity6 aged (mean, range) 49 (22-73) years). Variables evaluated were disease duration, SLEDAI, current and cumulative corticosteroid dose, Steinbrocker's functional classification, use of immunosuppressive agents, and history of @entity5 due to minor @entity2 . A T-score of < or = 1.0 was found in 61.9% at the @entity8 and 48.3% at the @entity7 , and 18 (23.7%) @entity0 belonged to the category of @entity4 at @entity8 , compared to only three (5.4%) @entity0 at @entity7 . A statistical difference (P = 0.014) was found when comparing @entity8 @entity1 in pre- and postmenopausal @entity0 . @entity8 @entity1 had a significant correlation with daily and cumulative @entity3 dose (P = 0.016 and 0.031, respectively). There was a significant difference in @entity8 @entity1 between the daily @entity3 dose group receiving < or = 7.5 and those receiving > 7.5 mg/day (P = 0.008), and also in @entity7 @entity1 comparing groups on 0 and > 7.5 mg/day (P = 0.022). There was significant difference in @entity8 and @entity7 @entity1 between @entity0 in Steinbrocker classes I and III (P = 0.016 and 0.005, respectively). No significant correlation was found in either subgroup between @entity1 and other studied parameters. We concluded that the prevalence of reduced bone mass at @entity8 is pronounced among postmenopausal @entity0 with @entity6 , in those with a high Steinbrocker functional classification and those on a high daily @entity3 dose. Therefore, these @entity0 should be considered as a high-risk group deserving regular spinal @entity1 scans and therapy in time to prevent @entity5 .

title: Bone mineral density in XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the incidence and management of @entity1 in primary care. DESIGN: In a longitudinal survey among 161 general practitioners (GPs) all incident diagnoses of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were selected and available information on GP management was studied. SETTING: Dutch National Survey of Morbidity and Interventions in General Practice. SUBJECTS: 74153 @entity0 aged 55 years and over. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Age- and sex-specific incidence rates. RESULTS: The overall incidence rate of @entity1 was 6.4 per 1000 @entity0 years (95% confidence interval (CI) 5.3-7.7). Incidence rate in creased from 4.0 per 1000 @entity0 years in @entity0 aged 55-59 to 12.9 per 1000 @entity0 years in @entity0 aged over 85, and for @entity0 in the same age categories from 3.3 per 1000 @entity0 years to 8.2 per 1000 @entity0 years, respectively. Of the 117 incident cases of @entity1 , 43 (37%) were referred to a hospital specialist. In 55 cases (47%), drugs were prescribed by the GP and in 101 cases (86%) the GP gave advice, notably pertaining to exercise and cessation of smoking. CONCLUSION: The incidence rate of @entity1 in primary care is high in both @entity0 and @entity0 , and clearly increases with age. Only a minority of @entity0 are referred to a hospital specialist, while the vast majority receive lifestyle advice.

title: Incidence and management of XXXX in primary care in The Netherlands.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity0 suffer from @entity3 and have reduced @entity2 , which defers the diagnosis. The pathogenesis of @entity1 in @entity5 is unknown. This study aimed to characterize bone mineral metabolism and density in @entity5 . Seventy-nine @entity5 @entity0 aged 8 months to 48 years (mean age 13.9 +/- 10.4 years, median 12.3) were studied. Clinical data included weight, height, bone age, weekly physical activity and history of @entity3 . @entity1 ( @entity1 ) of the lumbar spine (n = 43), femoral neck (n = 26), total hip (n = 22) and whole body (n = 15) were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum @entity6 , osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), parathyroid hormone and urinary @entity7 cross-linked type 1 collagen (NTx) were determined in 68 @entity0 and age- and sex-matched controls. Forty-two of 79 @entity0 (53%) sustained 75 @entity3 . Twenty-four of 43 @entity0 had a spine Z-score < -2.0, and 13 of 26 had a femoral neck Z-score < -2.0. Mean femoral neck @entity1 Z-score was lower in @entity0 with @entity3 compared with those without (-2.5 +/- 0.9 vs -1.5 +/- 1.0, p = 0.01). Mean body mass index (BMI) was 16 kg/m2 in prepubertal @entity0 and 18.4 kg/m2 in postpubertal @entity0 . Bone age was significantly lower than chronological age (75.5 vs 99.3 months in prepubertal @entity0 , p < 0.001; 151 vs 174 in postpubertal @entity0 , p < 0.05). NTx and osteocalcin levels were higher in @entity5 @entity0 compared with controls (400 +/- 338 vs 303 +/- 308, BCE/mM @entity4 p < 0.02; 90 +/- 59.5 vs 61.8 +/- 36.9 ng/ml, p < 0.001, respectively). B-ALP was lower in @entity5 @entity0 compared with controls (44.66 +/- 21.8 vs 55.36 +/- 36.6 ng/ml, p < 0.04). Mean spine Z-score was significantly lower in physically inactive compared with active @entity0 (-3.00 +/- 1.70 vs -1.77 +/- 1.3, respectively, p = 0.05). We conclude that @entity3 in @entity5 @entity0 are associated with reduced @entity1 . @entity5 @entity0 have increased NTx and osteocalcin. Contributing factors include reduced BMI, failure to thrive and reduced physical activity. Preventive therapy and early diagnosis are essential.

title: @entity1 and metabolism in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity0 suffer from @entity3 and have reduced @entity2 , which defers the diagnosis. The pathogenesis of @entity1 in @entity5 is unknown. This study aimed to characterize bone mineral metabolism and density in @entity5 . Seventy-nine @entity5 @entity0 aged 8 months to 48 years (mean age 13.9 +/- 10.4 years, median 12.3) were studied. Clinical data included weight, height, bone age, weekly physical activity and history of @entity3 . @entity1 ( @entity1 ) of the lumbar spine (n = 43), femoral neck (n = 26), total hip (n = 22) and whole body (n = 15) were determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Serum @entity6 , osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP), parathyroid hormone and urinary @entity7 cross-linked type 1 collagen (NTx) were determined in 68 @entity0 and age- and sex-matched controls. Forty-two of 79 @entity0 (53%) sustained 75 @entity3 . Twenty-four of 43 @entity0 had a spine Z-score < -2.0, and 13 of 26 had a femoral neck Z-score < -2.0. Mean femoral neck @entity1 Z-score was lower in @entity0 with @entity3 compared with those without (-2.5 +/- 0.9 vs -1.5 +/- 1.0, p = 0.01). Mean body mass index (BMI) was 16 kg/m2 in prepubertal @entity0 and 18.4 kg/m2 in postpubertal @entity0 . Bone age was significantly lower than chronological age (75.5 vs 99.3 months in prepubertal @entity0 , p < 0.001; 151 vs 174 in postpubertal @entity0 , p < 0.05). NTx and osteocalcin levels were higher in @entity5 @entity0 compared with controls (400 +/- 338 vs 303 +/- 308, BCE/mM @entity4 p < 0.02; 90 +/- 59.5 vs 61.8 +/- 36.9 ng/ml, p < 0.001, respectively). B-ALP was lower in @entity5 @entity0 compared with controls (44.66 +/- 21.8 vs 55.36 +/- 36.6 ng/ml, p < 0.04). Mean spine Z-score was significantly lower in physically inactive compared with active @entity0 (-3.00 +/- 1.70 vs -1.77 +/- 1.3, respectively, p = 0.05). We conclude that @entity3 in @entity5 @entity0 are associated with reduced @entity1 . @entity5 @entity0 have increased NTx and osteocalcin. Contributing factors include reduced BMI, failure to thrive and reduced physical activity. Preventive therapy and early diagnosis are essential.

title: XXXX and metabolism in @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A group of 100 adult @entity6 were housed in a new system at a stocking density of 20 fish per tank. Four weeks after arrival, 15 fish presented with @entity1 and @entity2 on the surfaces of the skin. Samples of the fish were collected for histopathology, fungal culture, and bacterial culture and sensitivity. Water samples were analyzed for pH, @entity5 , @entity7 , and submitted for bacterial and fungal culture. Histologically, the epidermis had multiple areas of @entity2 and mononuclear cell infiltrate. Gram-positive bacteria were observed beneath the surface of the skin and surrounding the outer aspect of the spinal cord. Both @entity4 and A. sobria were isolated from the affected fish, and a diagnosis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was made. Water from the tanks had a @entity7 level of 1-5 ppm, a toxic concentration that indicated poor water quality. Because the housing system had been seeded with Nitrobacter spp. and Nitrosomonas spp. only 2 weeks prior to the arrival of the fish, a lack of colonizing nitrifying bacteria was deemed to be the cause of the high @entity7 level, which, along with over-crowding, stressed the fish and increased their susceptibility to @entity3 . No further cases of @entity0 were observed once the @entity7 level and stocking density were reduced.

title: High Mortality in XXXX ( @entity6 ).

answer: @entity6


abstract: A group of 100 adult @entity6 were housed in a new system at a stocking density of 20 fish per tank. Four weeks after arrival, 15 fish presented with @entity1 and @entity2 on the surfaces of the skin. Samples of the fish were collected for histopathology, fungal culture, and bacterial culture and sensitivity. Water samples were analyzed for pH, @entity5 , @entity7 , and submitted for bacterial and fungal culture. Histologically, the epidermis had multiple areas of @entity2 and mononuclear cell infiltrate. Gram-positive bacteria were observed beneath the surface of the skin and surrounding the outer aspect of the spinal cord. Both @entity4 and A. sobria were isolated from the affected fish, and a diagnosis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was made. Water from the tanks had a @entity7 level of 1-5 ppm, a toxic concentration that indicated poor water quality. Because the housing system had been seeded with Nitrobacter spp. and Nitrosomonas spp. only 2 weeks prior to the arrival of the fish, a lack of colonizing nitrifying bacteria was deemed to be the cause of the high @entity7 level, which, along with over-crowding, stressed the fish and increased their susceptibility to @entity3 . No further cases of @entity0 were observed once the @entity7 level and stocking density were reduced.

title: High Mortality in @entity6 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity6


abstract: This article reviews our immunotherapy research with natural killer (NK) cells in a syngeneic @entity2 @entity1 and lung metastasis model. Using adoptive transfer of @entity4 -activated NK cells, NK cells were shown to selectively infiltrate the @entity0 . More NK cells were found in @entity0 when the NK cells were directly injected into @entity0 -draining blood vessels than when the cells were injected in systemic blood vessels. Under optimal conditions, a limited, though significant, effect of adoptively transferred NK cells on @entity0 growth was shown. We observed that both endogenous and adoptively transferred NK cells were predominantly present in the stroma surrounding the @entity0 cell nodules. It is possible that they did not penetrate the nodules containing the @entity0 cells because of the presence of a basal membrane-like structure around these nodules. Adoptively transferred NK cells may initiate elimination of @entity0 cells by activating other effector cells, whereas some may eliminate @entity0 cells by direct cell-cell contact. A diverse array of molecules was shown to be involved in this process. @entity3 on NK cells was found to be important in initiating the lysis-inhibitory signal upon binding of 'self' major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on potential target cells. Our results indicate that NK-cell @entity0 therapy is still promising and needs improvement.

title: Role of NK cells in adoptive immunotherapy of metastatic XXXX in a syngeneic @entity2 model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This article reviews our immunotherapy research with natural killer (NK) cells in a syngeneic @entity2 @entity1 and lung metastasis model. Using adoptive transfer of @entity4 -activated NK cells, NK cells were shown to selectively infiltrate the @entity0 . More NK cells were found in @entity0 when the NK cells were directly injected into @entity0 -draining blood vessels than when the cells were injected in systemic blood vessels. Under optimal conditions, a limited, though significant, effect of adoptively transferred NK cells on @entity0 growth was shown. We observed that both endogenous and adoptively transferred NK cells were predominantly present in the stroma surrounding the @entity0 cell nodules. It is possible that they did not penetrate the nodules containing the @entity0 cells because of the presence of a basal membrane-like structure around these nodules. Adoptively transferred NK cells may initiate elimination of @entity0 cells by activating other effector cells, whereas some may eliminate @entity0 cells by direct cell-cell contact. A diverse array of molecules was shown to be involved in this process. @entity3 on NK cells was found to be important in initiating the lysis-inhibitory signal upon binding of 'self' major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I on potential target cells. Our results indicate that NK-cell @entity0 therapy is still promising and needs improvement.

title: Role of NK cells in adoptive immunotherapy of metastatic @entity1 in a syngeneic XXXX model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognosis of @entity0 with severe @entity2 is poor. The role of balloon atrial septostomy as a palliative procedure in these @entity0 is not well defined. We retrospectively analyzed our data regarding the safety, clinical outcome and survival benefit of graded balloon atrial septostomy in @entity0 with severe @entity2 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Eleven @entity0 (7 males), aged 6 to 30 years (mean age 16.2+/-8.9 years), with severe @entity2 (mean pulmonary artery pressure of 76+/-16.9 mmHg) and refractory congestive @entity3 and/or recurrent syncope underwent balloon atrial septostomy. Graded balloon dilatation under echocardiographic guidance and arterial @entity1 saturation monitoring was done in all the @entity0 . Procedure-related mortality was 18.2%. Significant acute hemodynamic improvement was seen in the survivors (pre-balloon atrial septostomy cardiac index 1.88+/-0.48 L/min/m2; post-balloon atrial septostomy cardiac index 2.18+/-0.37 L/min/m2, p<0.009). @entity0 were followed up for a mean period of 20.3 months after the procedure (range: 3 months-5 years). There was functional improvement and increased exercise tolerance in all the @entity0 for a mean follow-up period of 14.6 months (NYHA functional class 3.62+/-0.69 to 2+/-0.50). The estimated probability of survival in this cohort at 1 year was only 48%; but 7 of 8 @entity0 (87%) who survived the procedure were alive at 1 year. CONCLUSION: We conclude that balloon atrial septostomy improves clinical status, hemodynamic variables and possibly also improves survival in selected @entity0 with severe @entity2 . It remains a definite palliative option for refractory @entity2 . However, the procedure-related risks are high in very sick @entity0 and, therefore, balloon atrial septostomy may be advocated early in the course of the disease.

title: Graded balloon atrial septostomy in severe XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Our studies have focused on the role of @entity6 and its products in chemically and UV light-induced @entity1 models of @entity2 , with an emphasis on determining the importance of @entity8 (PGs), which are synthesized by the two isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX). Different types of @entity0 promoters elevate @entity11 expression in keratinocytes, with little change in @entity13 , suggesting that there are multiple signaling pathways by which @entity11 expression can be regulated. We found that the expression of both COX isoforms is increased by treatment with PGs and that this autoregulation occurs via PG receptors linked to a @entity4 signaling pathway. We also observed that @entity11 is constitutively upregulated in @entity5 and @entity3 from either chemical initiation-promotion or UV-irradiation @entity2 experiments. We next investigated cis- and transacting factors required for @entity11 expression. Two regions of the @entity11 promoter, an E box and a nuclear factor-IL6 ( @entity14 ) site, were identified as positive regulatory elements through transient transfection with luciferase reporter vectors containing various 5'-flanking regions of the promoter. We found that overexpression of @entity11 in @entity0 maybe caused by a dysregulation in the expression pattern of the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) family of transcription factors. To demonstrate the importance of PG synthesis in the @entity2 process, several nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) drugs were administered either orally or topically during UV @entity2 . Dietary administration of @entity9 , @entity10 , or the selective @entity11 inhibitor @entity12 prevented the development of UV-induced @entity7 by up to 85%. In addition, @entity12 had therapeutic efficacy in that it caused regression of preexisting @entity0 . Topical administration of @entity9 after each UV exposure was also effective, suggesting that a postexposure approach to @entity7 prevention maybe effective. Collectively, these studies suggest that @entity8 play a critical role in @entity7 development.

title: Is cyclooxygenase-2 important in XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Weight bearing physical activity plays an important role in bone development. This is particularly important in @entity0 and adolescents since bone mineral density reaches about 90% of its peak by the end of the second decade, and because about one quarter of adult bone is accumulated during the two years surrounding the peak bone growth velocity. Recent studies suggested that the exercise-induced increase in bone mineralization is maturity dependent, and that there is a "window of opportunity" and a critical period for bone response to weight bearing exercise during early puberty and premenarchal years. This supports the idea that increase in physical activity during childhood and adolescence can prevent @entity1 (like @entity2 ) later in life. In contrast, strenuous physical activity may affect the female reproductive system and lead to " @entity8 ". The prevalence of " @entity8 " is 4-20 times higher than the general population. As a consequence, @entity1 may develop with increased risk of @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity5 , and curvature. @entity6 in the female athlete result from hypothalamic suppression of the spontaneous pulsatile secretion of @entity9 . Recent studies suggested that reduced energy availability (increased energy expenditure with inadequate caloric intake) is the main cause of the central suppression of the hypothalamic @entity4 . Therefore, effort should be made to optimize the nutritional state of female athletes, and if not successful, to reduce the training load in order to prevent @entity6 , and deleterious bone effects in particular during the critical period of rapid bone growth.

title: Exercise training, XXXX and bone development in @entity0 and adolescents.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Weight bearing physical activity plays an important role in bone development. This is particularly important in @entity0 and adolescents since bone mineral density reaches about 90% of its peak by the end of the second decade, and because about one quarter of adult bone is accumulated during the two years surrounding the peak bone growth velocity. Recent studies suggested that the exercise-induced increase in bone mineralization is maturity dependent, and that there is a "window of opportunity" and a critical period for bone response to weight bearing exercise during early puberty and premenarchal years. This supports the idea that increase in physical activity during childhood and adolescence can prevent @entity1 (like @entity2 ) later in life. In contrast, strenuous physical activity may affect the female reproductive system and lead to " @entity8 ". The prevalence of " @entity8 " is 4-20 times higher than the general population. As a consequence, @entity1 may develop with increased risk of @entity7 , @entity3 , @entity5 , and curvature. @entity6 in the female athlete result from hypothalamic suppression of the spontaneous pulsatile secretion of @entity9 . Recent studies suggested that reduced energy availability (increased energy expenditure with inadequate caloric intake) is the main cause of the central suppression of the hypothalamic @entity4 . Therefore, effort should be made to optimize the nutritional state of female athletes, and if not successful, to reduce the training load in order to prevent @entity6 , and deleterious bone effects in particular during the critical period of rapid bone growth.

title: Exercise training, @entity6 and bone development in XXXX and adolescents.

answer: @entity0