abstract: BACKGROUND: National Health and Nutritional Examination surveys have documented poor rates of @entity2 treatment and control, leading to preventable morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES: To examine covariation in the medication and health lifestyle beliefs and behaviors of @entity0 with @entity2 to identify and profile distinct subgroups of @entity0 . METHODS: A sample of 727 @entity0 with @entity2 , weighted to match the 1992 National Health Interview Survey age and sex distribution of @entity0 with @entity2 , was interviewed by telephone about their beliefs and behaviors regarding @entity2 and its management. Cluster analysis of key variables was used to identify 4 @entity0 types. RESULTS: Subgroups differed significantly. Group A members use an effective mix of medication and health lifestyle regimens to control blood pressure. Group B members are most likely to depend on medication and have high adherence rates. Yet they also have high rates of smoking (29%) and @entity3 use (average, 104 times per year) and are less likely to exercise regularly. Group C members are most likely to forget to take medication, are likely to be @entity1 , and find it most difficult to comply with lifestyle changes (except for very low rates of smoking and @entity3 use). Group D members are least likely to take medication, most likely to change or stop medication without consulting their physician (20%), most likely to smoke (40%), and least likely to control diet (29%). Group A and B members have better health outcomes than group C and D members. CONCLUSIONS: Optimal management strategies are likely to differ for the 4 @entity0 types. Further research should be conducted to validate these findings on a separate sample and to devise and test tailored management algorithms for @entity2 compliance and control.

title: Implications of a health lifestyle and medication analysis for improving XXXX control.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Since currently used assays of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) lack sensitivity or are not easily adaptable in all laboratories, we have developed an enzyme immunoassay for @entity5 in biological fluids and tissues. Antibodies to @entity5 were raised in @entity2 after administration of an @entity5 -bovine serum albumin conjugate. The enzymatic tracer was obtained by coupling @entity5 via its @entity3 group to acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7). These reagents were used for the development of a competitive immunoassay performed on microtitration plates. The limit of quantification was 100 pg/ml in plasma and 1 ng/g in tissues. The plasma assay was performed directly without extraction on a minimal volume of 0.1 ml. The intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were in the range of 5 to 17%, and the recoveries were 92 to 111% for @entity5 added to @entity0 plasma. The assay was applied to a pharmacokinetic study with @entity1 given @entity5 intraperitoneally at the dose of 1 mg/kg. The drug distribution in selected compartments (plasma, liver, spleen, lung, and brain) was monitored until 72 h after administration. In conclusion, our assay is at least 100-fold more sensitive than previously described bioassays or chromatographic determinations of @entity5 and may be useful in studying the tissue pharmacokinetics of new @entity5 formulations and in drug monitoring in clinical situations.

title: A sensitive XXXX immunoassay for pharmacokinetic and distribution studies.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 expresses a low level of the MexAB-OprM efflux pump and shows natural resistance to many structurally and functionally diverse antibiotics. The mutation that has been referred to previously as nfxC expresses an additional efflux pump, MexEF-OprN, exhibiting resistance to @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity3 and hypersusceptibility to @entity6 antibiotics. To address the antibiotic specificity of the MexEF-OprN efflux pump, we introduced a plasmid carrying the mexEF-oprN operon into @entity1 lacking the mexAB-oprM operon. The transformants exhibited resistance to @entity4 , @entity0 , and @entity3 but, unlike most nfxC-type mutants, did not show @entity6 hypersusceptibility. The transformants exhibited additional resistance to @entity2 . In the next experiment, we analyzed the MexEF-OprN pump subunit(s) responsible for substrate selectivity by expressing MexE, MexF, OprN, and MexEF in strains lacking MexA, MexB, OprM, and MexAB, respectively. The MexEF-OprM/DeltaMexAB transformants exhibited MexEF-OprN-type pump function that rendered the strains resistant to @entity4 and @entity3 but did not change susceptibility to @entity6 antibiotics compared with the host strain. The MexAB-OprN/DeltaOprM, MexAF-OprM/DeltaMexB, and MexEB-OprM/DeltaMexA mutants exhibited antibiotic susceptibility indistinguishable from that in the mutant lacking both types of efflux pumps. The results imply that the MexEF-OprM pump selects substrates by a MexEF functional unit. Interestingly, OprN did not link functionally with the MexAB complex, despite the fact that OprM interacted functionally with MexEF.

title: Assignment of the substrate-selective subunits of the MexEF-OprN multidrug efflux pump of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 is a common complication among @entity0 sustaining major @entity2 . This is usually due to the underlying @entity4 , @entity1 , or adult @entity3 . However, we have frequently found these @entity0 to actually have a pleural process as the cause of their @entity6 . Our objective was to assess the frequency of @entity7 and restrictive pleural processes after @entity2 and their contribution to @entity6 . We retrospectively reviewed all @entity2 @entity0 over a 5-year period who required a thoracotomy and decortication for @entity7 . Twenty-eight @entity0 with @entity2 required a thoracotomy and decortication for @entity7 . The most common finding was infected, loculated hemothorax/effusion in 23 @entity0 , whereas 5 had an associated @entity1 . Chest radiographs were nondiscriminating, whereas CT scans in 25 @entity0 showed previously unrecognized fluid collections, air-fluid levels, or gas bubbles. Neither thoracentesis nor placement of additional chest tubes was helpful. Positive cultures were uncommon. @entity5 was present preoperatively in 13 @entity0 who were on the ventilator an average of 13 days preoperatively and only 5.8 days postoperatively. Several @entity0 believed to have adult @entity3 were weaned within 72 hours of operation. All @entity0 were ultimately cured. @entity7 is an under-recognized complication of @entity2 and may contribute to @entity6 and ventilator dependence. Although difficult to diagnose, @entity7 should be considered in @entity2 @entity0 with @entity6 and an abnormal chest radiograph. CT aids in the diagnosis, and the results of surgical treatment are excellent.

title: XXXX and restrictive pleural processes after @entity2 : an under-recognized cause of @entity6 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity6 is a common complication among @entity0 sustaining major @entity2 . This is usually due to the underlying @entity4 , @entity1 , or adult @entity3 . However, we have frequently found these @entity0 to actually have a pleural process as the cause of their @entity6 . Our objective was to assess the frequency of @entity7 and restrictive pleural processes after @entity2 and their contribution to @entity6 . We retrospectively reviewed all @entity2 @entity0 over a 5-year period who required a thoracotomy and decortication for @entity7 . Twenty-eight @entity0 with @entity2 required a thoracotomy and decortication for @entity7 . The most common finding was infected, loculated hemothorax/effusion in 23 @entity0 , whereas 5 had an associated @entity1 . Chest radiographs were nondiscriminating, whereas CT scans in 25 @entity0 showed previously unrecognized fluid collections, air-fluid levels, or gas bubbles. Neither thoracentesis nor placement of additional chest tubes was helpful. Positive cultures were uncommon. @entity5 was present preoperatively in 13 @entity0 who were on the ventilator an average of 13 days preoperatively and only 5.8 days postoperatively. Several @entity0 believed to have adult @entity3 were weaned within 72 hours of operation. All @entity0 were ultimately cured. @entity7 is an under-recognized complication of @entity2 and may contribute to @entity6 and ventilator dependence. Although difficult to diagnose, @entity7 should be considered in @entity2 @entity0 with @entity6 and an abnormal chest radiograph. CT aids in the diagnosis, and the results of surgical treatment are excellent.

title: @entity7 and restrictive pleural processes after @entity2 : an under-recognized cause of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 is a common complication among @entity0 sustaining major @entity2 . This is usually due to the underlying @entity4 , @entity1 , or adult @entity3 . However, we have frequently found these @entity0 to actually have a pleural process as the cause of their @entity6 . Our objective was to assess the frequency of @entity7 and restrictive pleural processes after @entity2 and their contribution to @entity6 . We retrospectively reviewed all @entity2 @entity0 over a 5-year period who required a thoracotomy and decortication for @entity7 . Twenty-eight @entity0 with @entity2 required a thoracotomy and decortication for @entity7 . The most common finding was infected, loculated hemothorax/effusion in 23 @entity0 , whereas 5 had an associated @entity1 . Chest radiographs were nondiscriminating, whereas CT scans in 25 @entity0 showed previously unrecognized fluid collections, air-fluid levels, or gas bubbles. Neither thoracentesis nor placement of additional chest tubes was helpful. Positive cultures were uncommon. @entity5 was present preoperatively in 13 @entity0 who were on the ventilator an average of 13 days preoperatively and only 5.8 days postoperatively. Several @entity0 believed to have adult @entity3 were weaned within 72 hours of operation. All @entity0 were ultimately cured. @entity7 is an under-recognized complication of @entity2 and may contribute to @entity6 and ventilator dependence. Although difficult to diagnose, @entity7 should be considered in @entity2 @entity0 with @entity6 and an abnormal chest radiograph. CT aids in the diagnosis, and the results of surgical treatment are excellent.

title: @entity7 and restrictive pleural processes after XXXX : an under-recognized cause of @entity6 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Robotic cystectomy is an emerging alternative for treatment of @entity1 (BCa). However, reduction in postoperative morbidity relative to the open approach has not been demonstrated. OBJECTIVE: To compare complication rates in @entity0 undergoing robotic versus open radical cystectomy (RC). DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : A prospective cohort study of 187 consecutive @entity0 undergoing RC at our institution-104 open RC, 83 robotic RC. INTERVENTION: Open or robotic RC with urinary diversion. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic, perioperative, and complication data were recorded prospectively. Thirty-day and 90-d complication rates were assessed using the modified Clavien complication scale. Data were evaluated using chi(2) and multivariate logistic regression analyses. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: At 30 d, the open group demonstrated a higher overall complication rate (59% vs 41%; p=0.04) as well as more major complications (30% vs 10%; p=0.007). At 90 d, the overall complication rate was greater in the open group, but this was not statistically significant (62% vs 48%; p=0.07). However, there was a significantly higher major complication rate in the open cohort (31% vs 17%; p=0.03). When subjected to logistic regression analysis, robotic cystectomy was an independent predictor of fewer overall and major complications at 30 and 90 d. High American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score (3-4) and longer surgical time were independent predictors of major complications. Though this is one of the largest published RC series, the sample size is relatively small. Moreover, despite the two @entity0 cohorts being similarly matched, the study was not performed in a randomized fashion. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 undergoing robotic cystectomy experienced fewer @entity2 than those undergoing open cystectomy. Robotic cystectomy is an independent predictor of fewer overall and major complications. Until long-term oncologic results are available, robotic cystectomy should still be considered investigational.

title: A XXXX in open versus robotic cystectomy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effectiveness of the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with a GAC catalyst was assessed based on the degradation and COD removal of @entity5 from the saline wastewater, as compared with the single ozonation process (SOP). The @entity2 attained a much higher level of @entity5 degradation compared to the SOP. The influence of several variables was investigated, including pH of solution, @entity1 concentration, and dosage of GAC, for their effects on @entity2 @entity5 degradation in a synthetic saline wastewater. The maximum degradation of @entity5 was achieved at pH 8 and 20 g/L GAC. @entity1 had no adverse effect on @entity5 removal at ranges between 0.5 and 50 g/L. The activated @entity0 acted mostly as a catalyst for @entity3 decomposition, and the subsequent generation of @entity4 radicals. Furthermore, the GAC preserved its catalytic properties after 5 times reuse. The capability of a biological process to treat @entity2 effluent was also investigated. Results showed that a 10 min reaction time in @entity2 under optimum conditions reduces the concentrations of @entity5 and COD to an acceptable level for efficient post-treating in a suspended growth bioreactor at a short aeration time of 4h. Thus, the integration of @entity2 with a biological process is proven to be a technically and economically effective method for treating saline wastewaters containing recalcitrant compounds.

title: The investigation of catalytic ozonation and integrated catalytic ozonation/biological processes for the removal of XXXX from saline wastewaters.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Early diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 cases is one of the basic elements of the current global @entity1 control strategy. In order to provide this service to @entity0 in rural areas there is a need for new cost-effective approaches. To ensure that such new approaches are acceptable to the target communities, it is important to know the rationale for @entity0 's @entity1 treatment-seeking behavior. The present study provides insights into the reasons for @entity0 's preferences for different types of healthcare facilities and describes variation of these preferences within a rural community in @entity2 Lanka. The study reports on the experiences with the establishment of a village health facility and its effect on the treatment-seeking behavior of the population. After the introduction of the village treatment center it quickly took over the role of main provider for diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 from the government facilities. The treatment center did not improve the response time in seeking treatment for young @entity0 , but the delay for adults was reduced by 1-2 days. Mothers with small @entity0 often preferred the government facilities since they wanted a more qualified opinion than available from the locally recruited staff of the village treatment center. The treatment center significantly reduced the stress and discomfort experienced by the elderly and handicapped segment of the community. The study indicated that the effective catchment area of a village treatment center will be influenced by the degree of initial support from key individuals in the communities, the selection procedure and training of assistants, and the history of the relationships between different villages to be served by the center. The government health services and communities across the dry zone of @entity2 Lanka could benefit substantially from the establishment of more village treatment centers. To ensure the long-term sustainability of these type of facilities it is necessary to assess the feasibility of charging a user fee and establishing multi-purpose clinics. Government policies and administrative procedures will need to be adjusted to make the successful operation of village treatment centers possible.

title: A village treatment center for @entity1 : community response in XXXX Lanka.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Early diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 cases is one of the basic elements of the current global @entity1 control strategy. In order to provide this service to @entity0 in rural areas there is a need for new cost-effective approaches. To ensure that such new approaches are acceptable to the target communities, it is important to know the rationale for @entity0 's @entity1 treatment-seeking behavior. The present study provides insights into the reasons for @entity0 's preferences for different types of healthcare facilities and describes variation of these preferences within a rural community in @entity2 Lanka. The study reports on the experiences with the establishment of a village health facility and its effect on the treatment-seeking behavior of the population. After the introduction of the village treatment center it quickly took over the role of main provider for diagnosis and treatment of @entity1 from the government facilities. The treatment center did not improve the response time in seeking treatment for young @entity0 , but the delay for adults was reduced by 1-2 days. Mothers with small @entity0 often preferred the government facilities since they wanted a more qualified opinion than available from the locally recruited staff of the village treatment center. The treatment center significantly reduced the stress and discomfort experienced by the elderly and handicapped segment of the community. The study indicated that the effective catchment area of a village treatment center will be influenced by the degree of initial support from key individuals in the communities, the selection procedure and training of assistants, and the history of the relationships between different villages to be served by the center. The government health services and communities across the dry zone of @entity2 Lanka could benefit substantially from the establishment of more village treatment centers. To ensure the long-term sustainability of these type of facilities it is necessary to assess the feasibility of charging a user fee and establishing multi-purpose clinics. Government policies and administrative procedures will need to be adjusted to make the successful operation of village treatment centers possible.

title: A village treatment center for XXXX : community response in @entity2 Lanka.

answer: @entity1


abstract: After breast augmentation, separation of breast tissue from the implant is common, especially in @entity0 with well-formed preoperative breasts. This problem is enhanced to a marked @entity1 of @entity2 with firm, fixed implants. This paper addresses this problem preoperatively and therapeutically in secondary correction of double-bubble and waterfall deformity. The author classifies and explains @entity1 in @entity0 in whom the implant is below the normal crease, with glandular breast tissue superior and anterior to the implant. In "waterfall" deformity (a term suggested by the author), the glandular breast tissue droops over the implant and is inferior and anterior to the implant. Treatment used consists of opening the breast tissue from its posterior surface using radial incisions to accommodate the implant. This allows the two structures--the breast tissue and the implant-to blend as one unit with satisfactory results. The technique is easy to perform and teach. Complications are similar to those of regular breast augmentation. Strangely, radial incisions have not increased complications, and there have been no cases of @entity4 or @entity3 to date.

title: Augmentation in ptotic and densely glandular breasts: prevention, treatment, and classification of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: When @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is suspected, genetic tests are at the centre of screening procedures. It was the aim of this study to compare the diagnostic value of molecular biological investigations with that of conventional biochemical tests. @entity0 AND METHODS: The study cohort consisted of all 144 @entity0 cared for in our department since 1990 with the suspected diagnosis of @entity5 (evidence of a @entity2 [ @entity2 ]), coexistence of two @entity1 or a family history of @entity5 . 14 of the 144 @entity0 (from 12 families) were already known to have an hereditary @entity2 , while the remaining 130 had been referred for further diagnostic investigations. RESULTS: An hereditary @entity2 was diagnosed in 22 of the 130 @entity0 , a sporadic @entity2 in 32, while no definitive classification was possible in 20 @entity2 @entity0 without a positive family history and on whom no mutation analysis had been performed. @entity5 was excluded in 56 family members. All 22 @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity2 had abnormally high calcitonin levels. A germ-line mutation in the @entity4 proto-oncogene was found in 8 of the 9 families who had undergone molecular biological tests. The investigate results led to a thyroidectomy in 19 of the 22 @entity0 with hereditary @entity2 ; in all of them the surgical specimen showed @entity3 and/o @entity2 . CONCLUSION: These results emphasize the importance of genetic tests in family screening. Preoperative measurement of calcitonin remains essential in @entity5 families in whom a germ-line mutation is not known. The choice of the appropriate diagnostic test must be individualized to the particular @entity0 so that optimal results are obtained.

title: [Predictive genetic investigations. Individualization of diagnosis and treatment in families with XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Satietin is thought to be an endogenous glycoprotein that can suppress food intake (FI) and body weight (b.wt.). In Experiment 1, @entity1 were ICV infused with either a-CSF or with 50 micrograms/ @entity1 of @entity0 satietin. FI was suppressed (p less than 0.05) for 2 days after infusion, whereas b.wt. was attenuated (p less than 0.05) for 14 days. In Experiment 2, the previously thought homogenous @entity0 satietin was further purified by HPLC and this yielded two peaks (A and @entity1 were ICV infused with either a-CSF or 50 micrograms/ @entity1 of Peak A, Peak B or the semipurified parent @entity0 satietin (sph-SAT) from which the peaks were derived. All three treatments suppressed (p less than 0.05) FI on day 1 after infusion and on day 2 in the groups that received Peak A and sph-SAT. Body weight was attenuated (p less than 0.01) in all the experimental groups on day 1 and for 2 and 10 days, respectively, in the Peak A and sph-SAT-treated groups. Immunostaining revealed Peak A contained both albumin and alpha-1-glycoprotein ( @entity2 ), whereas Peak B contained neither. In the last experiment @entity1 were ICV infused with either a-CSF or 50 micrograms/ @entity1 of @entity2 or @entity2 that was put through the sph-SAT extraction procedure. FI was suppressed (p less than 0.01) and b.wt. attenuated in both experimental groups only on the first day postinfusion. These data suggest that some, but possibly not all, of the previously found biological activity attributed to sph-SAT might be due to contaminants of the preparation.

title: The effects of semi- and HPLC-purified XXXX satietin and alpha-1-glycoprotein on ingestion and body weight.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the therapeutic strategies and prognostic factors which influence on clinical outcome of @entity2 . METHODS: A total of 144 @entity0 with @entity2 underwent operation between January 1990 and December 2005 were analyzed, including 102 males and 42 females with 36- 74-years-old. All @entity0 underwent resection among which 86 cases (59.7%) had an R0 resection (negative histologic margins), 34 cases (23.6%) had an R1 resection (positive histologic margins), 24 cases (16.7%) had an R2 resection. The @entity3 -Corlette classification of @entity4 : 28 cases (23.3%) in type I , 49 cases (40.8%) in type II, 10 cases (8.3%) in type III A, 19 cases (15. 8%) in type III B and 14 cases (11.7%) in type IV. The TNM stages of @entity4 : 19 cases (15.8%) in stage I, 80 cases in stage II (66.7%), 16 cases in stage III (13.3%), 5 cases in stage IV (4.2%). In @entity4 , there were 41 cases with well differentiated and 79 cases with moderately and poorly differentiated, 62 cases (51.7%) with negative lymph nodes and 58 cases (48.3%) with positive lymph nodes, 42 cases in stage T1 and 78 cases in stage T2-3, 86 cases with negative blood vessel metastasis and 34 cases with positive blood vessel metastasis. RESULTS: The median survival time was 46.8 months after R0 resection, 18.3 months after R1 resection, and 11.2 months after R2 resection. The 1-, 3- and 5-year cumulative survival rates of the @entity0 were 60.2%, 36.1% and 29.4%. Survival rates after resection in @entity0 with negative lymph nodes (n = 62) were significantly longer than that in those with positive lymph nodes (n = 58) (P < 0.01). The T stage system predicted respectability and the likelihood of an R0 resection and correlated with survival (P = 0.030). @entity0 requiring portal vein resection had a worse prognosis than those without vascular resection (P = 0.047) but still survived longer than @entity0 who were unresectable (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Negative histologic margins, concomitant partial hepatectomy, and well-differentiated @entity1 histology are associated with improved outcome after all @entity2 resections. In @entity0 who underwent an R0 resection, concomitant partial hepatectomy is the only independent predictor of long-term survival.

title: [Analysis of the surgical outcome and prognostic factors for XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have previously been shown to have an increased incidence of @entity5 after renal transplantation. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of @entity6 in the @entity1 population. We retrospectively reviewed @entity0 with advanced @entity1 , defined as @entity4 requiring dialysis. @entity0 were obtained from a single nephrology group practice between January 1985 and January 1997, or from all @entity0 being evaluated or actively considered for renal transplantation at our institution as of May 1997. The incidence and severity of @entity6 in these @entity0 was compared with that observed in a similar cohort of @entity0 with @entity4 due to other etiologies. The study population consisted of 184 @entity3 @entity0 , 59 with @entity1 and 125 with other causes of @entity4 . Twelve (20%) @entity0 with @entity1 had a history of active @entity6 , whereas only 4 (3%) of the non- @entity1 controls had @entity6 (P = 0.0003, Fisher's exact test). Six of the 12 @entity1 @entity0 required surgical intervention. @entity0 with @entity3 due to @entity1 experience a significantly higher rate of @entity6 than do other @entity0 with @entity4 . Furthermore, @entity6 is frequently severe in @entity1 @entity0 , with 50 per cent requiring surgical intervention. These data suggest that @entity2 may be an extrarenal manifestation of @entity1 .

title: @entity6 and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have previously been shown to have an increased incidence of @entity5 after renal transplantation. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of @entity6 in the @entity1 population. We retrospectively reviewed @entity0 with advanced @entity1 , defined as @entity4 requiring dialysis. @entity0 were obtained from a single nephrology group practice between January 1985 and January 1997, or from all @entity0 being evaluated or actively considered for renal transplantation at our institution as of May 1997. The incidence and severity of @entity6 in these @entity0 was compared with that observed in a similar cohort of @entity0 with @entity4 due to other etiologies. The study population consisted of 184 @entity3 @entity0 , 59 with @entity1 and 125 with other causes of @entity4 . Twelve (20%) @entity0 with @entity1 had a history of active @entity6 , whereas only 4 (3%) of the non- @entity1 controls had @entity6 (P = 0.0003, Fisher's exact test). Six of the 12 @entity1 @entity0 required surgical intervention. @entity0 with @entity3 due to @entity1 experience a significantly higher rate of @entity6 than do other @entity0 with @entity4 . Furthermore, @entity6 is frequently severe in @entity1 @entity0 , with 50 per cent requiring surgical intervention. These data suggest that @entity2 may be an extrarenal manifestation of @entity1 .

title: XXXX and @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the characteristics of color of Uygur's oral soft and hard tissue. METHOD: One hundred and fifty-one Uygur medical students (18 to 22 years) were included in this study. The Lab*, @entity1 *, Hab0, values of subjects' anterior teeth, upper and lower vermilion, @entity0 were measured. RESULTS: The mean and distribution of Lab*, @entity1 *, Hab0, values of Uygur youth' anterior teeth were obtained. The Lab* values of @entity0 , upper and lower vermilion in male were 50.50 +/- 3.59, 41.92 +/- 4.10, 45.02 +/- 3.06, and @entity1 * were 29.94 +/- 3.21, 27.00 +/- 2.47, 30.35 +/- 2.67, and Hab0 were 30.00 +/- 3.27, 31.71 +/- 3.69, 27.73 +/- 3.27, respectively. The Lab* values of @entity0 , upper and lower vermilion in female were 54.28 +/- 5.06, 41.73 +/- 3.70, 47.27 +/- 2.97, and @entity1 * were 27.98 +/- 3.93, 27.23 +/- 2.42, 31.22 +/- 2.59, and Hab0 were 33.39 +/- 3.67, 32.28 +/- 3.68, 27.57 +/- 2.65. CONCLUSIONS: There was a specific color space distribution pattern in oral soft and hard tissue in Uygur youth. There was a trend of decreasing lightness, increasing saturation, and red hue shifting from the center to both distal directions. There was statistical significant gender difference in color of tooth and @entity0 . What's more, there was extremely significant difference between upper and lower vermilion.

title: [Investigation of the color of anterior teeth, vermilion and XXXX of 151 Uygur youth].

answer: @entity0


abstract: We studied @entity3 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) levels in plasma and peritoneal effluent in 10 @entity0 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) before, and 8 and 12 weeks after, treatment with recombinant @entity0 @entity1 (rHuEPO). Plasma @entity3 and @entity2 levels were lower in @entity0 than in controls during the study. The plasma @entity3 levels were increased by rHuEPO treatment. Although @entity2 levels showed a tendency to increase in the early phase of rHuEPO treatment, they later returned to near baseline levels. Peritoneal effluent @entity3 levels were decreased at week 8 of treatment, but returned to baseline levels at week 12. Peritoneal effluent @entity2 levels were not changed by the rHuEPO treatment. No correlation was observed between levels of @entity3 and @entity2 in plasma and in peritoneal effluent. No correlation was seen between plasma @entity2 levels and duration of CAPD. A significant negative correlation was found between the plasma @entity2 levels and hemoglobin levels at week 8 and week 12. These results suggest that plasma @entity3 levels can be increased by rHuEPO treatment, while plasma @entity2 levels are associated with hemoglobin levels.

title: Effects of recombinant @entity0 XXXX on fibrinolytic system in @entity0 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We studied @entity3 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) levels in plasma and peritoneal effluent in 10 @entity0 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) before, and 8 and 12 weeks after, treatment with recombinant @entity0 @entity1 (rHuEPO). Plasma @entity3 and @entity2 levels were lower in @entity0 than in controls during the study. The plasma @entity3 levels were increased by rHuEPO treatment. Although @entity2 levels showed a tendency to increase in the early phase of rHuEPO treatment, they later returned to near baseline levels. Peritoneal effluent @entity3 levels were decreased at week 8 of treatment, but returned to baseline levels at week 12. Peritoneal effluent @entity2 levels were not changed by the rHuEPO treatment. No correlation was observed between levels of @entity3 and @entity2 in plasma and in peritoneal effluent. No correlation was seen between plasma @entity2 levels and duration of CAPD. A significant negative correlation was found between the plasma @entity2 levels and hemoglobin levels at week 8 and week 12. These results suggest that plasma @entity3 levels can be increased by rHuEPO treatment, while plasma @entity2 levels are associated with hemoglobin levels.

title: Effects of recombinant XXXX @entity1 on fibrinolytic system in @entity0 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We studied @entity3 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) levels in plasma and peritoneal effluent in 10 @entity0 on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) before, and 8 and 12 weeks after, treatment with recombinant @entity0 @entity1 (rHuEPO). Plasma @entity3 and @entity2 levels were lower in @entity0 than in controls during the study. The plasma @entity3 levels were increased by rHuEPO treatment. Although @entity2 levels showed a tendency to increase in the early phase of rHuEPO treatment, they later returned to near baseline levels. Peritoneal effluent @entity3 levels were decreased at week 8 of treatment, but returned to baseline levels at week 12. Peritoneal effluent @entity2 levels were not changed by the rHuEPO treatment. No correlation was observed between levels of @entity3 and @entity2 in plasma and in peritoneal effluent. No correlation was seen between plasma @entity2 levels and duration of CAPD. A significant negative correlation was found between the plasma @entity2 levels and hemoglobin levels at week 8 and week 12. These results suggest that plasma @entity3 levels can be increased by rHuEPO treatment, while plasma @entity2 levels are associated with hemoglobin levels.

title: Effects of recombinant @entity0 @entity1 on fibrinolytic system in XXXX on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the incidence of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in Saudi Arabian @entity0 with @entity5 , the factors associated with these @entity1 and the impact of local treatment on @entity1 control, complete remission and survival rates. @entity0 AND METHODS: One hundred @entity0 , median age 6 years, who received their primary treatment for @entity5 at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, from 1983 to 1997 were studied. @entity1 at diagnosis occurred in 18 (18%) @entity0 at 25 sites. @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity6 , and cutaneous infiltration were not included in the definition of @entity1 . With these exclusions, @entity0 with @entity1 were younger than those without @entity1 (median age, 3.5 v. 7.5 years) and were more likely to have @entity2 at diagnosis (33% v. 10%). The t(8;21) translocation was associated with a 47% @entity1 incidence compared with 23% without the translocation. Local radiation treatment was given to 16 of 25 (64%) @entity1 sites. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival rate for all @entity0 was 28%, and this was not significantly influenced by the drug regimen used, @entity2 at diagnosis, the presence of the (8;21) translocation, M4 and M5 morphology combined, or @entity1 at diagnosis. Significant differences were observed in the 5-year survival rates for @entity0 who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (52%; N = 37) and those who attained complete remission (CR) but did not undergo transplantation (21%; N = 44) and those who did not achieve complete remission with initial therapy (5%; N = 19). Systemic and local @entity1 CR was achieved in 17 of 18 @entity0 with @entity1 , including 12 @entity0 who underwent radiation treatment and 5 of 6 of those who did not. Isolated relapse was not seen at an @entity1 site and was not noted at any later stage of the disease. CONCLUSIONS: Permanent local control at sites of @entity1 was achieved in all @entity0 who attained a bone marrow CR, whether or not the site was irradiated. Local radiation treatment of an @entity1 site did not appear to contribute to overall CR and survival rates. The use of radiation treatment should be conservative and limited to @entity0 in whom there is a real and immediate threat to vision or renal function or when the spinal cord is compromised.

title: Extramedullary myeloid tumors in XXXX : the limited value of local treatment.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess current physician self-reported practices regarding initial management of childhood @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and to determine physician self-reported willingness to participate in randomized clinical trials comparing different initial management strategies. @entity0 AND METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed in November 1997 to all 720 members of the American Society of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology asking how they would diagnose and manage @entity6 in @entity0 18 months, 5 years, and 15 years of age who were experiencing either @entity5 (cutaneous @entity4 only) or wet @entity7 ( @entity4 ). Specific questions dealt with bone marrow aspiration, hospital admittance, treatment strategy, and specific doses of corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulin. RESULTS: The response rate to the questionnaire was 57%. Most respondents indicated they usually perform a bone marrow aspirate when @entity3 are to be prescribed and administer drug therapy to @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity6 with wet or @entity5 . Only 16% of respondents would administer no drug therapy to a @entity0 with @entity5 . Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) was preferred to @entity2 , with anti-D immunoglobulin prescribed less frequently. Hospital admittance often was used for @entity0 with @entity5 and usually recommended for @entity0 with wet @entity7 . Most respondents expressed willingness to randomize @entity0 with @entity5 to IVIG versus no therapy and those with wet @entity7 to IVIG versus @entity1 as part of a randomized controlled clinical trial. CONCLUSIONS: The self-reported care of the @entity0 with @entity6 was influenced by the severity of presentation (dry versus wet @entity7 ). Most physicians reported they would administer specific drug treatment in both scenarios. This survey illustrates the diverse diagnostic and management strategies currently used in childhood @entity6 . Because no one therapeutic approach is predominant and a scientific basis for decision making in childhood @entity6 has not been developed, future randomized trials are warranted. On the basis of these survey results, such trials are desired by most pediatric hematology/oncology specialists.

title: Self-reported diagnostic and management strategies in childhood XXXX : results of a survey of practicing pediatric hematology/oncology specialists.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our goal in this study was to examine the changes in the left atrial functions over a period of 3 months by using left atrial volume measurements in @entity0 with anterior @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS AND RESULTS: Seventy-three @entity0 with anterior @entity2 who consulted our hospital in the first 12 hours starting from the onset of the @entity3 and who exhibited ST elevation were enrolled in the study. The left atrial functions of the @entity0 were evaluated by transthoracic echocardiography for a total number of four times; first at the time of the visit to the hospital, then in the first week, and then in the first and third months. Eight (10.95%) of the 73 @entity0 included in the study died during the follow-up. The remaining 65 @entity0 completed the 3-month study period. Of these 65 @entity0 , primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed for 24 (36.9%) @entity0 and thrombolytic therapy was given to 13 (20%), whereas 28 (43.1%) @entity0 were given only medical treatment. Left atrium (LA) maximum transverse diameter, LA maximum, minimum, and presystolic volume, LA active emptying volume and fraction were found to increase significantly in comparison to baseline detected for this parameter in the first and third months (P < 0.001). However, LA passive emptying volume and fraction was found to decrease significantly in comparison to baseline detected for this parameter in the first and third months (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: An increase in the diameter, volume, and dimensions of LA during atrial remodeling was detected. LA passive emptying fraction was found to decrease, whereas @entity1 was found to increase to compensate for this change.

title: Left atrial remodeling in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A highly specific enzyme-linked "sandwich" immunoassay was developed for determining cardiac myosin light chain II (MLC II) in serum by using an anticardiac MLC II monoclonal antibody and a solid phase consisting of glass rods coated with another monoclonal antibody. We can detect as little as 0.2 ng of @entity3 per assay. The measurable range of @entity3 concentration in serum is 1 to 30 micrograms/L. The assay demonstrated no cross-reactivity with a skeletal muscle MLC within the measurable range. The mean coefficients of variation were 6.1% within assay and 5.1% between assay. The concentration of @entity3 in sera from healthy subjects ranged from 0 to 4.0 micrograms/L (mean 0.75 micrograms/L and median 0 micrograms/L). The concentrations of @entity3 in serum of @entity0 with @entity1 due to various causes (n = 15) and @entity0 with effort angina (n = 25), in general, were not significantly elevated above normal. In all @entity0 with @entity4 , the concentrations of @entity3 were over 4.0 micrograms/L at 12 h after onset. The mean (+/- 1 SD) peak concentration of @entity3 was 16.2 (+/- 4.4) micrograms/L at 90 h (mean) after onset. On the 5th day, the @entity3 concentrations in all @entity0 with @entity4 were significantly elevated above normal; none showed abnormal MB- @entity5 kinase (CK-MB) activity at this time. Thus, the measurement of @entity3 concentration in serum may be useful to provide a specific and sensitive diagnosis of @entity2 at any time period following @entity4 .

title: Clinical assessment of specific enzyme immunoassay for the XXXX cardiac myosin light chain II (MLC II) with use of monoclonal antibodies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity2 ) has been increasingly recognized as an important @entity1 for neural and visual development during the first 6 mon of life. One important point of controversy that remains is the degree to which adequate levels of @entity2 can be acquired from endogenous synthesis in @entity0 vs. what should be provided as dietary @entity2 . We have approached this problem by a retrospective analysis of published body composition data to estimate the actual accumulation of @entity2 in the @entity0 @entity0 brain, liver, adipose tissue, remaining lean tissue, and whole body. Estimating whether @entity0 can synthesize sufficient @entity2 required comparison to and extrapolation from animal data. Over the first 6 mon of life, @entity2 accumulates at about 10 mg/d in the whole body of breast-fed @entity0 , with 48% of that amount appearing in the brain. To achieve that rate of accumulation, breast-fed @entity0 need to consume a minimum of 20 mg @entity2 /d. Virtually all breast milk provides a @entity2 intake of at least 60 mg/d. Despite a store of about 1,050 mg of @entity2 in body fat at term birth and an intake of about 390 mg/d @entity4 (alpha-LnA), the brain of formula-fed @entity0 not consuming @entity2 accumulates half the @entity2 of the brain of breast-fed @entity0 while the rest of the body actually loses @entity2 over the first 6 mon of life. No experimental data indicate that formula-fed @entity0 not consuming @entity2 are able to convert the necessary 5.2% of alpha-LnA intake to @entity2 to match the @entity2 accumulation of breast-fed @entity0 . We conclude that dietary @entity2 should likely be provided during at least the first 6 mon of life.

title: Breast-fed @entity0 achieve a higher rate of brain and whole body XXXX accumulation than formula-fed @entity0 not consuming dietary @entity3 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity2 ) has been increasingly recognized as an important @entity1 for neural and visual development during the first 6 mon of life. One important point of controversy that remains is the degree to which adequate levels of @entity2 can be acquired from endogenous synthesis in @entity0 vs. what should be provided as dietary @entity2 . We have approached this problem by a retrospective analysis of published body composition data to estimate the actual accumulation of @entity2 in the @entity0 @entity0 brain, liver, adipose tissue, remaining lean tissue, and whole body. Estimating whether @entity0 can synthesize sufficient @entity2 required comparison to and extrapolation from animal data. Over the first 6 mon of life, @entity2 accumulates at about 10 mg/d in the whole body of breast-fed @entity0 , with 48% of that amount appearing in the brain. To achieve that rate of accumulation, breast-fed @entity0 need to consume a minimum of 20 mg @entity2 /d. Virtually all breast milk provides a @entity2 intake of at least 60 mg/d. Despite a store of about 1,050 mg of @entity2 in body fat at term birth and an intake of about 390 mg/d @entity4 (alpha-LnA), the brain of formula-fed @entity0 not consuming @entity2 accumulates half the @entity2 of the brain of breast-fed @entity0 while the rest of the body actually loses @entity2 over the first 6 mon of life. No experimental data indicate that formula-fed @entity0 not consuming @entity2 are able to convert the necessary 5.2% of alpha-LnA intake to @entity2 to match the @entity2 accumulation of breast-fed @entity0 . We conclude that dietary @entity2 should likely be provided during at least the first 6 mon of life.

title: Breast-fed @entity0 achieve a higher rate of brain and whole body @entity3 accumulation than formula-fed @entity0 not consuming dietary XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity2 ) has been increasingly recognized as an important @entity1 for neural and visual development during the first 6 mon of life. One important point of controversy that remains is the degree to which adequate levels of @entity2 can be acquired from endogenous synthesis in @entity0 vs. what should be provided as dietary @entity2 . We have approached this problem by a retrospective analysis of published body composition data to estimate the actual accumulation of @entity2 in the @entity0 @entity0 brain, liver, adipose tissue, remaining lean tissue, and whole body. Estimating whether @entity0 can synthesize sufficient @entity2 required comparison to and extrapolation from animal data. Over the first 6 mon of life, @entity2 accumulates at about 10 mg/d in the whole body of breast-fed @entity0 , with 48% of that amount appearing in the brain. To achieve that rate of accumulation, breast-fed @entity0 need to consume a minimum of 20 mg @entity2 /d. Virtually all breast milk provides a @entity2 intake of at least 60 mg/d. Despite a store of about 1,050 mg of @entity2 in body fat at term birth and an intake of about 390 mg/d @entity4 (alpha-LnA), the brain of formula-fed @entity0 not consuming @entity2 accumulates half the @entity2 of the brain of breast-fed @entity0 while the rest of the body actually loses @entity2 over the first 6 mon of life. No experimental data indicate that formula-fed @entity0 not consuming @entity2 are able to convert the necessary 5.2% of alpha-LnA intake to @entity2 to match the @entity2 accumulation of breast-fed @entity0 . We conclude that dietary @entity2 should likely be provided during at least the first 6 mon of life.

title: Breast-fed XXXX achieve a higher rate of brain and whole body @entity3 accumulation than formula-fed @entity0 not consuming dietary @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity2 ) has been increasingly recognized as an important @entity1 for neural and visual development during the first 6 mon of life. One important point of controversy that remains is the degree to which adequate levels of @entity2 can be acquired from endogenous synthesis in @entity0 vs. what should be provided as dietary @entity2 . We have approached this problem by a retrospective analysis of published body composition data to estimate the actual accumulation of @entity2 in the @entity0 @entity0 brain, liver, adipose tissue, remaining lean tissue, and whole body. Estimating whether @entity0 can synthesize sufficient @entity2 required comparison to and extrapolation from animal data. Over the first 6 mon of life, @entity2 accumulates at about 10 mg/d in the whole body of breast-fed @entity0 , with 48% of that amount appearing in the brain. To achieve that rate of accumulation, breast-fed @entity0 need to consume a minimum of 20 mg @entity2 /d. Virtually all breast milk provides a @entity2 intake of at least 60 mg/d. Despite a store of about 1,050 mg of @entity2 in body fat at term birth and an intake of about 390 mg/d @entity4 (alpha-LnA), the brain of formula-fed @entity0 not consuming @entity2 accumulates half the @entity2 of the brain of breast-fed @entity0 while the rest of the body actually loses @entity2 over the first 6 mon of life. No experimental data indicate that formula-fed @entity0 not consuming @entity2 are able to convert the necessary 5.2% of alpha-LnA intake to @entity2 to match the @entity2 accumulation of breast-fed @entity0 . We conclude that dietary @entity2 should likely be provided during at least the first 6 mon of life.

title: Breast-fed @entity0 achieve a higher rate of brain and whole body @entity3 accumulation than formula-fed XXXX not consuming dietary @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Taking advantage of acoustocardiogram (ACG), we measured the heart rate (HR) of @entity3 embryos continuously from day 12 until hatching and then investigated the development of @entity0 (HRV), and the existence of a circadian rhythm in mean HR (MHR). HRI comprised transient @entity2 and @entity1 , which first developed on day 14 and 16 in most embryos, respectively. Transient @entity2 increased in frequency and magnitude with embryonic development and occurred over periods of up to 30 min in some embryos. MHR was maximal on around days 14-15 and thereafter decreased to about 250-260 bpm on days 16-18. Baseline HRV, which is an oscillation of the MHR baseline, occurred as HR decreased from days 15-16 and became predominant on days 17-18. The magnitude of the baseline oscillations reached up to 50 bpm in some embryos and the period ranged between about 40-90 min (ultradian rhythm). A circadian rhythm of MHR was not found in late @entity3 embryos. On days 18-19, embryonic activities were augmented and then breathing movements began to occur, disturbing ACG signals and thus making it difficult to measure the HR. Instead, the development of breathing activities was recorded. Breathing frequency was irregular at first and then increased to a maximum of about 1.5 Hz prior to hatching.

title: Long-term measurement of heart rate in XXXX eggs.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preventive potential of intraoperative or early postoperative local administration of peptide PIII into the abdominal cavity against @entity4 . METHODS: @entity0 @entity5 cells of the line GC9811 were inoculated subcutaneously into @entity2 to cause @entity3 . The 8th generation @entity1 was taken out to isolate the @entity1 cells to be inoculated into the serous membrane at the greater curvature of the stomach. Forty-eight nude BALB/C-nu/nu @entity2 underwent implantation of the 8th generation @entity1 cells into the serous membrane at the greater curvature of the stomach via minilaparotomy so as to establish models of @entity3 The 48 @entity2 were randomly divided into 3 equal groups: Group 1 (control group); Group 2, undergoing intraperitoneal perfusion of 100 microg of peptide PIII, and post-operative intraperitoneal perfusion of 2 mg/kg peptide PIII twice; and Group 3, undergoing post-operative intraperitoneal perfusion of 100 microg/kg peptide PIII twice. Six @entity2 in every group were sacrificed on the day 23 to undergo pathological examination. The other @entity2 in every group were used to evaluate the survival rate. The @entity1 -bearing @entity2 showing manifestations of failure were killed to undergo pathology. RESULTS: The weight of individual @entity1 was not significantly different among the 3 groups. The number of peritoneal metastatic nodules of Group 2 was (9.2 +/- 1.3), significantly less than those of Group 1 and 3 [(126.3 +/- 9.6) and (64.2 +/- 8.3) respectively, both P < 0.01]. The number of metastatic nodules > 2 mm of Group 2 was 1.6 +/- 0.2, significantly less then those of Groups 1 and 3 [(51.2 +/- 3.6) and (21.7 +/- 4.9) respectively, both P < 0.01]. The survival rate of Group 2 was significantly longer than those of Groups 1 and 3 (both P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Peptide PIII does not significantly inhibit the growth of GC, but significantly reduce the peritoneal metastasis of GC. An ideal targeting chemotherapy, intra-operative application of peptide PIII into the abdominal cavity plus intraperitoneal perfusion is an attractive and promising strategy to prevent peritoneal metastasis of GC.

title: [Intraoperative and postoperative intra-peritoneal administration of peptide PIII inhibits peritoneal metastasis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The role of concurrent chemoradiation for treatment of @entity2 is expanding. We sought to evaluate the CT appearance of diseased and normal cervical lymph nodes before and after concurrent chemoradiation and to correlate lymph node @entity3 as revealed by CT with histopathologic findings of resected nodes. METHODS: Using concurrent chemoradiation, we treated seven @entity0 with locally advanced @entity2 . Our chemotherapeutic regimen consisted of @entity4 (100 mg/m2 body surface area administered on days 1 through 4 and 29 through 32) and @entity5 (1000 mg/m2 body surface area, administered on days 1 through 4 and 29 through 32). Radiotherapy was administered twice per day on dosing days 1 through 42 to a total dose of 7200 cGy to the @entity1 and 6000 cGy to the involved lymph nodes. Pre- and post-treatment CT scans were used to calculate lymph node volumes for all CT-positive (size criteria or extracapsular spread or both) diseased nodes (n = 19) and one normal node per @entity0 (n = 7). @entity3 was determined by CT results and correlated with the histopathologic findings of resected nodes. RESULTS: Average @entity3 (+/- standard error of the mean) for the 19 diseased nodes was 91%+/-4% and for the seven normal nodes was 55%+/-21% (P < .02, two-sided t test). Fifteen of 19 of the diseased lymph nodes showed extracapsular spread before treatment and none of 19 after treatment. The histopathologic findings of resected nodes included persistent @entity1 in one of the 19 diseased lymph nodes. Six of seven @entity0 remained alive and disease-free, with an average follow-up duration of 24 months. CONCLUSION: Nodal @entity3 of greater than 90% was associated with eradication of @entity1 as assessed by histopathologic analysis of resected nodes. Serial CT scans obtained both before and after concurrent chemoradiation may be useful for predicting which @entity0 will benefit from adjuvant surgical therapy.

title: Nodal XXXX after concurrent chemo- and radiotherapy: correlation between initial CT and histopathologic findings.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: It is evident that @entity1 are closely interrelated. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), coupled with exaggerated host responses to @entity4 , may account for the increased periodontal destruction observed in @entity0 with uncontrolled @entity1 . The present study investigated the effects of AGEs on the viability of @entity0 gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) and the expression of types I and III collagen in HGFs. METHODS: The cell viability of HGFs was examined by @entity2 assay, whereas the expression of types I and III collagen message and protein was detected by real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. RESULTS: AGEs significantly suppressed the cell viability of HGFs from 24 to 72 hours (P <0.01). A high concentration of @entity3 (25 mmol/l) in the culture media exaggerated the inhibition of the survival rate of HGFs (P <0.01). The expression of collagen types I and III messages and proteins was significantly downregulated at 72 hours by AGEs in a concentration-dependent manner (P <0.05). Moreover, the synthesis of intracellular types I and III collagen protein was markedly inhibited by AGEs (P <0.05). CONCLUSIONS: AGEs may suppress the cell viability of HGFs and downregulate the expression of types I and III collagen by the cells. Further investigations are warranted to clarify the molecular mechanisms of AGEs in the regulation of cell function and collagen metabolism in @entity0 with @entity1 and @entity5 .

title: Advanced glycation end products inhibit the expression of collagens type I and III by XXXX gingival fibroblasts.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Mutations in mtDNA are found in most @entity2 . In this study, we studied the role of @entity2 cell mutant mtDNA in tumorigenesis. We sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome of three different @entity0 cell lines and found that all three, MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435, contained mutations in mtDNA. MDA-MB-435 cells contained a mutation in the @entity8 ) gene known to be involved in pathogenesis of @entity6 . We generated a mutant cybrid (cytoplasmic hybrid) by repopulating the recipient rho(0) (completely devoid of mtDNA) cells with donor mtDNA derived from an enucleated @entity0 cell line. An isogenic wild-type cybrid was produced by transfer of normal mtDNA from a healthy donor. When compared to the wild type, we found that mutant mtDNA increases mitochondrial membrane potential. However, this increase in mitochondrial membrane potential was not associated with increase in reactive @entity4 species (ROS) production. MtDNA mutations conferred resistance to apoptosis triggered by @entity7 . Our study also revealed that mutations in mtDNA increase metastatic potential. Using a tail-vein model of @entity1 in a @entity3 model, we show that the mutant cybrid metastatizes to the lungs and forms macrometastic foci. Additionally we found that mutations in mtDNA constitutively activate the @entity9 / @entity5 pathway that contributes to increased metastatis. Together our study demonstrates that mutant mtDNA promotes apoptotic resistance and @entity1 in a @entity3 model.

title: @entity2 cell mitochondria confer apoptosis resistance and promote XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Mutations in mtDNA are found in most @entity2 . In this study, we studied the role of @entity2 cell mutant mtDNA in tumorigenesis. We sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome of three different @entity0 cell lines and found that all three, MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435, contained mutations in mtDNA. MDA-MB-435 cells contained a mutation in the @entity8 ) gene known to be involved in pathogenesis of @entity6 . We generated a mutant cybrid (cytoplasmic hybrid) by repopulating the recipient rho(0) (completely devoid of mtDNA) cells with donor mtDNA derived from an enucleated @entity0 cell line. An isogenic wild-type cybrid was produced by transfer of normal mtDNA from a healthy donor. When compared to the wild type, we found that mutant mtDNA increases mitochondrial membrane potential. However, this increase in mitochondrial membrane potential was not associated with increase in reactive @entity4 species (ROS) production. MtDNA mutations conferred resistance to apoptosis triggered by @entity7 . Our study also revealed that mutations in mtDNA increase metastatic potential. Using a tail-vein model of @entity1 in a @entity3 model, we show that the mutant cybrid metastatizes to the lungs and forms macrometastic foci. Additionally we found that mutations in mtDNA constitutively activate the @entity9 / @entity5 pathway that contributes to increased metastatis. Together our study demonstrates that mutant mtDNA promotes apoptotic resistance and @entity1 in a @entity3 model.

title: XXXX cell mitochondria confer apoptosis resistance and promote @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In treatment-resistant @entity1 a combination of ECT with antipsychotics has been reported to have superior outcomes compared to other strategies, however the results were inconsistent. We investigated the long-term effects of the combination of unilateral, non-dominant hemisphere ECT with three antipsychotics. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The clinical study was a naturalistic, prospective, open-labeled, active-controlled study in adult outpatients of both genders suffering from treatment-resistant @entity1 with a follow up of 2 years. The @entity0 received @entity4 (n=17, 100-400mg/day, PO), @entity3 (n=26, 2-8 mg/day, PO) or @entity2 (n=27, 5-10mg/day, PO). Unilateral ECT was applied in 1 unit (0.5A, 0.8 mS) in six single applications, once a week and further according to the clinical need, in fortnight steps. Clinical efficacy was established using the PANSS and CGI psychometric scales. RESULTS: According to the results, the most effective treatment mode was @entity2 plus ECT, then @entity3 plus ECT, while @entity4 plus ECT had lower clinical efficacy. @entity2 plus ECT was significantly superior in all scale scores vs @entity4 plus ECT, as well as @entity3 plus ECT except for PANSS-P (t=1.85, p>0.05). During the study, 38 of 70 @entity0 were withdrawn due to treatment failure (n=21), side effects (n=6) and non-compliance (n=11). CONCLUSION: The combination of novel antipsychotics and ECT can be used safely and effectively in treatment-resistant @entity1 .

title: Long-term efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy combined with different antipsychotic drugs in previously resistant XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery is currently the primary treatment modality for @entity3 involving the inguinal lymph nodes. However, inguinal lymph node dissections are associated with substantial morbidity including @entity2 , wound @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Improved understanding is needed regarding the factors predisposing @entity0 to complications and the operative and perioperative maneuvers that can decrease morbidity. METHODS: We reviewed recently published literature regarding the morbidity associated with lymphadenectomy in the treatment of inguinal @entity3 . Where available, emphasis was focused on appropriately designed studies aimed at reducing treatment-related morbidity. When appropriate, the review was supplemented by our personal experience. RESULTS: Strategies to limit treatment-related morbidity involve optimizing the preoperative assessment, operative technique, and postoperative care. Establishing the diagnosis of nodal @entity1 early using minimally invasive techniques is critical to reduce subsequent perioperative complications. Morbidity is higher for inguinal compared to cervical or axillary lymphadenectomy, and many variations in extent of inguinal lymphadenectomy and operative technique have been reported. The lack of definitive trials has led to controversy regarding surgical technique such as indications for pelvic lymphadenectomy ("deep" node dissection), saphenous vein preservation, and sartorius transposition. In the postoperative period, the use of @entity4 and @entity5 should be considered to potentially improve @entity0 outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: While the morbidity of inguinal lymphadenectomy can be substantial, several straightforward pre- and postoperative measures can be instituted to limit morbidity. Controversy persists regarding the indications for and benefit of pelvic lymphadenectomy, saphenous vein preservation, and sartorius muscle transposition. A multi-institutional trial is currently in progress to investigate the safety of avoiding lymphadenectomy in @entity0 with microscopic @entity1 in the sentinel node.

title: Limiting the morbidity of inguinal lymphadenectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between intrauterine cytomegalovirus (HCMV) @entity2 and @entity4 , and to determine the distribution of tissues infected. METHODS: Autopsy samples of 41 @entity0 with @entity4 and 19 @entity0 with normal appearances were studied. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique the paraffin embedded specimens of main organs were examined for @entity2 . @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was performed in some of the PCR positive tissues in order to define the distribution of HCMV DNA. RESULTS: 19 of the 41 @entity0 (46.34%) with @entity1 were HCMV positive, while 1 in 19 (5.26%) were positive in the control group, and there was significant difference between the 2 groups (P < 0.05), 20.46% (35/171) of the fetal organ samples were HCMV DNA positive in the @entity4 group, but only 1 out of 78 samples (1.28%%) was positive in the pulmonary tissue of the control group. More malformations of the digestive system were presented in HCMV infected babies but no statistical significant difference when compared with other systems. Brain tissue had the highest @entity2 rates (41.37%, 12/29), which was significantly higher than other organs. By @entity5 technique HCMV DNA was found only in 6 out of 17 PCR positive samples, and they were located at neurons, neurogliocytes, epithelium and interstitial cells of the kidney, and epithelial cells of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: There are strong correlation between @entity2 and @entity4 , and brain is more susceptible to HCMV. By combining PCR and @entity5 , both sensitivity and distribution of HCMV could be obtained.

title: [Human cytomegalovirus @entity2 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between intrauterine cytomegalovirus (HCMV) @entity2 and @entity4 , and to determine the distribution of tissues infected. METHODS: Autopsy samples of 41 @entity0 with @entity4 and 19 @entity0 with normal appearances were studied. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique the paraffin embedded specimens of main organs were examined for @entity2 . @entity5 ( @entity5 ) was performed in some of the PCR positive tissues in order to define the distribution of HCMV DNA. RESULTS: 19 of the 41 @entity0 (46.34%) with @entity1 were HCMV positive, while 1 in 19 (5.26%) were positive in the control group, and there was significant difference between the 2 groups (P < 0.05), 20.46% (35/171) of the fetal organ samples were HCMV DNA positive in the @entity4 group, but only 1 out of 78 samples (1.28%%) was positive in the pulmonary tissue of the control group. More malformations of the digestive system were presented in HCMV infected babies but no statistical significant difference when compared with other systems. Brain tissue had the highest @entity2 rates (41.37%, 12/29), which was significantly higher than other organs. By @entity5 technique HCMV DNA was found only in 6 out of 17 PCR positive samples, and they were located at neurons, neurogliocytes, epithelium and interstitial cells of the kidney, and epithelial cells of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: There are strong correlation between @entity2 and @entity4 , and brain is more susceptible to HCMV. By combining PCR and @entity5 , both sensitivity and distribution of HCMV could be obtained.

title: [Human cytomegalovirus XXXX and @entity4 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Studies on the thymic ontogeny of naturally arising @entity2 (+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (TR cells) are complicated by the contamination of recirculating cells from the periphery (both activated @entity2 (+) T and TR cells). We investigated TR cells in anti- @entity2 antibody transgenic (Tg) (GK) @entity0 that continuously deplete peripheral @entity2 T cells but not thymocytes so that the generation of thymic TR cells and their developmental requirement can be accurately assessed. We show that in the thymuses of @entity0 that lack peripheral @entity2 (+) cells, TR cells were present but were fewer in number compared with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 . Therefore, we show that peripheral TR cells do re-enter the thymus, comprising 20% of TR cells in the normal thymus. TR cells from both @entity1 and GK @entity0 expressed @entity3 and @entity5 , and suppressed the proliferation of CD25(-) @entity2 (+) T cells. Furthermore, the co-stimulation requirements for TR generation were evaluated in @entity0 with or without peripheral @entity2 cells. Splenic TR cells in @entity4 (-/-) @entity0 and @entity6 Ig Tg @entity0 were fewer compared with @entity1 @entity0 . @entity0 deficient in both co-stimulatory pathways had further reduction in splenic TR cells. Unlike the periphery, the reduction in thymic TR cells was only seen for @entity4 (-/-) but not for @entity6 Ig Tg @entity0 . Therefore, we found that the co-stimulation requirements for the thymic development of TR cells differed from those for peripheral homeostasis.

title: The origin of thymic @entity2 +CD25+ regulatory T cells and their co-stimulatory requirements are determined after elimination of recirculating peripheral XXXX + cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Studies on the thymic ontogeny of naturally arising @entity2 (+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (TR cells) are complicated by the contamination of recirculating cells from the periphery (both activated @entity2 (+) T and TR cells). We investigated TR cells in anti- @entity2 antibody transgenic (Tg) (GK) @entity0 that continuously deplete peripheral @entity2 T cells but not thymocytes so that the generation of thymic TR cells and their developmental requirement can be accurately assessed. We show that in the thymuses of @entity0 that lack peripheral @entity2 (+) cells, TR cells were present but were fewer in number compared with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 . Therefore, we show that peripheral TR cells do re-enter the thymus, comprising 20% of TR cells in the normal thymus. TR cells from both @entity1 and GK @entity0 expressed @entity3 and @entity5 , and suppressed the proliferation of CD25(-) @entity2 (+) T cells. Furthermore, the co-stimulation requirements for TR generation were evaluated in @entity0 with or without peripheral @entity2 cells. Splenic TR cells in @entity4 (-/-) @entity0 and @entity6 Ig Tg @entity0 were fewer compared with @entity1 @entity0 . @entity0 deficient in both co-stimulatory pathways had further reduction in splenic TR cells. Unlike the periphery, the reduction in thymic TR cells was only seen for @entity4 (-/-) but not for @entity6 Ig Tg @entity0 . Therefore, we found that the co-stimulation requirements for the thymic development of TR cells differed from those for peripheral homeostasis.

title: The origin of thymic XXXX +CD25+ regulatory T cells and their co-stimulatory requirements are determined after elimination of recirculating peripheral @entity2 + cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if quantitative abnormalities of circulating fetal trophoblast cells (CFTCs) are associated with @entity1 . METHODS: The trophoblast cell-specific antibody, MEM-G/9 (monoclonal antibody to @entity2 ), was applied to distinguish the trophoblast cells from the maternal circulation. The trophoblast cells were isolated by density-gradient centrifugation from maternal blood samples of normal pregnant and preeclamptic @entity0 , respectively. After preliminary enrichment, the CFTCs were identified by immunocytochemical staining with the MEM-G/9. To prove fetal origin of the @entity2 -positive cells, primer-extension preamplification (PEP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based on single @entity2 -positive cells were adopted to detect @entity0 @entity4 gene. RESULTS: There were 6.88 +/- 1.54 and 30.56 +/- 5.16 @entity2 -positive cells in 6 mL maternal blood from the normal pregnant (n = 16) and preeclamptic @entity0 (n = 18), respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The @entity4 gene from the @entity2 -positive cells was detected in all pregnant @entity0 carrying male fetuses. The sensitivity and specificity of @entity3 and PCR for the @entity4 gene detection were 100%. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that enhancement of CFTCs numbers is related to @entity1 , which provides information useful for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of @entity1 .

title: Quantitative abnormalities of fetal trophoblast cells in maternal circulation in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Cocktail therapy consists of extracorporeal shock wave treatment (ESWT), hyperbaric @entity1 therapy (HBO) and @entity4 . We hypothesized that this combined therapy may produce better results than ESWT alone when treating hip @entity2 . METHODS: This prospective, randomized study evaluated the effectiveness of cocktail therapy in early hip @entity2 , and then compared it to shock wave treatment alone. Sixty-three @entity0 (98 hips) were randomly divided into two groups. Group A consisted of 28 @entity0 (50 hips) who received cocktail therapy, and group B consisted of 35 @entity0 (48 hips) who received only ESWT. Each affected hip was treated with 6,000 shocks of ESWT at 28 kV (equivalent to 0.62 mJ/mm2) in a single session. Cocktail @entity0 also received HBO therapy performed in a multi-place chamber daily for 20 treatments, and they were administered 70 mg of @entity4 orally per week for 1 year. The evaluations included clinical assessment, radiograph and MRI. RESULTS: After a minimum of 2-years of follow-up, the overall results showed 74% improved, 16% unchanged and 10% worsened in group A; and 79.2% improved, 10.4% unchanged and 10.4% worsened in group B (P = 0.717). Total hip replacement (THR) was performed for 10% of group A and 10.4% of group B (P = 0.946). MRI showed significant reduction in @entity3 and a trend of decrease in the size of the lesions in both groups, however, no difference was noted between the two groups. Cocktail therapy is effective for early hip @entity2 , but the results are comparable to ESWT in short-term follow up. The joint effects of HBO and @entity4 over EWST were not observed. CONCLUSION: Long-term results are needed to determine whether or not the synergistic effects of ESWT, HBO and @entity4 over ESWT alone exist in early hip @entity2 .

title: Cocktail therapy for femoral XXXX of the hip.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Microalbuminuria (MA) is known as a marker for generalized @entity3 . It occurs most commonly in the setting of @entity0 and @entity2 ; however, its association with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in community-based elderly remains to be clarified. In this cross-sectional analysis, we evaluated the association between MA and @entity6 in total 651 community-based elderly subjects. We assessed cardiovascular risk factors by interviews and physical examinations, including an evaluation of urinary albumin @entity4 ratio (UACR). All subjects underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and carotid ultrasonography. As endothelial markers, the serum levels of @entity7 (TM) and a tissue-type plasminogen activator/ plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 complex were also studied. The mean TM and UACR were higher in subjects with @entity5 or with moderate @entity1 (mWMH) on MRI than in those without them. Additionally, the prevalence of @entity5 or mWMH was higher in the highest tertile of UACR level than in the lowest or middle tertile. Furthermore, in logistic regression analysis, the elevation of logarithmically transformed UACR (log UACR) was associated with the higher likelihood for @entity5 (odds ratio [OR], 1.85 per one log UACR increase), @entity5 (OR, 1.89 per one log UACR increase), and mWMH (OR, 2.15 per one log UACR increase). The present study revealed that levels of urinary albumin are associated with @entity6 , independently of traditional cerebrovascular risk factors, in community-based elderly.

title: Microalbuminuria is a risk factor for XXXX in community-based elderly subjects.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The @entity4 family of four transmembrane heparan @entity1 proteoglycans binds a variety of soluble and insoluble extracellular effectors. @entity4 extracellular domains (ectodomains) can be shed intact by proteolytic cleavage of their core proteins, yielding soluble proteoglycans that retain the binding properties of their cell surface precursors. Shedding is accelerated by PMA activation of protein kinase C, and by ligand activation of the @entity0 (G-protein-coupled) and EGF (protein @entity2 kinase) receptors (Subramanian, S.V., M.L. Fitzgerald, and M. Bernfield. 1997. J. Biol. Chem. 272:14713-14720). @entity5 ectodomains are found in acute dermal wound fluids, where they regulate growth factor activity (Kato, M., H. Wang, V. Kainulainen, M.L. Fitzgerald, S. Ledbetter, D.M. Ornitz, and M. Bernfield. 1998. Nat. Med. 4:691-697) and proteolytic balance (Kainulainen, V., H. Wang, C. Schick, and M. Bernfield. 1998. J. Biol. Chem. 273:11563-11569). However, little is known about how @entity4 ectodomain shedding is regulated. To elucidate the mechanisms that regulate @entity4 shedding, we analyzed several features of the process that sheds the @entity5 ectodomains. We find that shedding accelerated by various physiologic agents involves activation of distinct intracellular signaling pathways; and the proteolytic activity responsible for cleavage of @entity4 core proteins, which is associated with the cell surface, can act on unstimulated adjacent cells, and is specifically inhibited by @entity3 inhibitor. In addition, we find that the @entity4 core protein is cleaved on the cell surface at a juxtamembrane site; and the proteolytic activity responsible for accelerated shedding differs from that involved in constitutive shedding of the @entity4 ectodomains. These results demonstrate the existence of highly regulated mechanisms that can rapidly convert syndecans from cell surface receptors or coreceptors to soluble heparan @entity1 proteoglycan effectors. Because the shed ectodomains are found and function in vivo, regulation of @entity4 ectodomain shedding by physiological mediators indicates that shedding is a response to specific developmental and pathophysiological cues.

title: Shedding of XXXX ectodomains is regulated by multiple signaling pathways and mediated by a TIMP-3-sensitive metalloproteinase.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Measurement of @entity5 (E3) and @entity1 ( @entity4 ) within 22 min by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was achieved in this study, and the values were compared with those of a radioimmunoassay (RIA). A totally computerized HPLC method was developed for measuring unconjugated E3 (u-E3) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in the sera of pregnant women. The serum samples were injected directly into the apparatus and transferred to a pretreatment column where the @entity2 were absorbed while hydrophilic components such as proteins and carbohydrates were excluded. The @entity2 were then passed through another separation column containing a new type of polymer gel. The mobile phase consisted of an @entity3 -water mixture, and separation was achieved by means of a reversed-phase procedure. The eluate was monitored for fluorescence. All procedures were monitored and controlled with a built-in microcomputer. Serum samples from 97 normal pregnant @entity0 at 20-41 wk gestation were simultaneously assayed by HPLC and RIA. The correlations obtained by HPLC and RIA were as follows: u-E3, y = 0.905x - 0.385, with a coefficient of correlation of r = 0.912; for @entity4 , y = 0.964x + 5.024, with a coefficient of correlation of r = 0.841 (y, RIA value; x, HPLC value). The quick measurement of u-E3 and @entity4 by HPLC can be a useful method for evaluating fetoplacental function.

title: Measurement of serum unconjugated XXXX and @entity1 by high-performance liquid chromatography.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Measurement of @entity5 (E3) and @entity1 ( @entity4 ) within 22 min by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was achieved in this study, and the values were compared with those of a radioimmunoassay (RIA). A totally computerized HPLC method was developed for measuring unconjugated E3 (u-E3) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in the sera of pregnant women. The serum samples were injected directly into the apparatus and transferred to a pretreatment column where the @entity2 were absorbed while hydrophilic components such as proteins and carbohydrates were excluded. The @entity2 were then passed through another separation column containing a new type of polymer gel. The mobile phase consisted of an @entity3 -water mixture, and separation was achieved by means of a reversed-phase procedure. The eluate was monitored for fluorescence. All procedures were monitored and controlled with a built-in microcomputer. Serum samples from 97 normal pregnant @entity0 at 20-41 wk gestation were simultaneously assayed by HPLC and RIA. The correlations obtained by HPLC and RIA were as follows: u-E3, y = 0.905x - 0.385, with a coefficient of correlation of r = 0.912; for @entity4 , y = 0.964x + 5.024, with a coefficient of correlation of r = 0.841 (y, RIA value; x, HPLC value). The quick measurement of u-E3 and @entity4 by HPLC can be a useful method for evaluating fetoplacental function.

title: Measurement of serum unconjugated @entity5 and XXXX by high-performance liquid chromatography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The potent effects of @entity5 on tumorigenesis and angiogenesis in various experimental models are complex, complicated and at times contradictory. We determined the therapeutic potential of @entity5 for inhibiting @entity3 invasion under conditions that closely mimic the clinical setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An orthotopic @entity1 @entity3 model was established by implanting AY-27 @entity1 transitional @entity4 cells into the bladder lumen of syngeneic Fischer F344 @entity1 . Three weeks after implantation 1 microM @entity5 was administrated directly into the bladder lumen twice weekly for 2 weeks. Two days after the final treatment @entity0 size, total bladder weight, @entity0 stage and angiogenesis were assessed. To assess the @entity6 axis the levels of active and total @entity6 , and active and total @entity5 in @entity0 extracts were determined 0, 2, 24 and 48 hours after intravesical @entity5 administration. RESULTS: Intravesical @entity5 bound and inactivated its molecular target, @entity0 @entity6 . There was significant inhibition of @entity3 progression, as manifested by 53%, 37% and 57% reductions in @entity0 size, total bladder weight and angiogenesis, respectively. Only 22% of @entity5 treated @entity0 invaded muscle vs 79% in controls. No @entity5 @entity2 was detected. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge this study is the first to demonstrate that intravesical treatment with @entity5 significantly inhibits @entity0 progression in an in vivo model of @entity3 . Further clinical development is warranted for using @entity5 directly or in combination with current standards, such as bacillus Calmette-Guerin or interferon.

title: Intravesical administration of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 inhibits in vivo XXXX invasion and progression.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We aimed to determine the prevalence of urinary symptoms and complications in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and to investigate the correlation of these symptoms and complications with urodynamic findings and disease characteristics (primary progressive, relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive). Fifty-two @entity0 with @entity1 were enrolled in the study. @entity0 were divided into three clinical types: primary progressive, relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive. Urological symptoms and complications were recorded. Each @entity0 underwent a urodynamic investigation. @entity0 were evaluated for overall disability using the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). We found that 22 @entity0 had primary progressive, 18 @entity0 had relapsing-remitting and 12 @entity0 had secondary progressive @entity1 . Urgency was the most frequent urinary symptom (65%). @entity2 was the most frequent @entity5 (15%). @entity3 was found to be the main @entity5 (27%). Detrusor @entity6 was found in 25% of @entity0 , and @entity3 was detected in 6%. No relationship was found between urinary symptoms and @entity4 (p>0.05) and between @entity5 and urodynamic findings (p>0.05). No significant correlation was found between disease characteristics and urinary symptoms, @entity5 or urodynamic findings (p>0.05). We suggest that the assessment of urological symptoms and urodynamic evaluation is critical for evaluating quality of life in @entity1 .

title: Urinary dysfunction in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Shiga toxin has the potential to induce expression of inflammation-associated genes, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We examined the effects of subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB), an AB(5) toxin produced by some Shiga toxigenic @entity0 , on the activation of NF-kappaB. SubAB is known to be a protease which selectively degrades @entity3 / @entity3 . Treatment of NRK-52E cells with SubAB caused rapid cleavage of @entity3 . Following the degradation of @entity3 , transient activation of NF-kappaB was observed with a peak at 6-12 h; the activation subsided within 24 h despite the continuous absence of intact @entity3 . The activation of NF-kappaB was preceded by transient phosphorylation of @entity1 . Treatment of the cells with a selective inhibitor of @entity5 or an inhibitor of PI3K attenuated SubAB-induced NF-kappaB activation, suggesting that activation of @entity1 is an event upstream of NF-kappaB. Degradation of @entity3 caused the unfolded protein response (UPR), and inducers of the UPR mimicked the stimulatory effects of SubAB on @entity1 and NF-kappaB. SubAB triggered the three major branches of the UPR including the IRE1- @entity2 , PERK, and @entity4 pathways. Dominant-negative inhibition of IRE1alpha, @entity2 , or PERK did not attenuate activation of NF-kappaB by SubAB. In contrast, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of @entity4 significantly suppressed SubAB-triggered @entity1 phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation. These results suggested that loss of @entity3 by SubAB leads to transient phosphorylation of @entity1 and consequent activation of NF-kappaB through the @entity4 branch of the UPR.

title: Activation of the XXXX -NF-kappaB pathway by subtilase cytotoxin through the @entity4 branch of the unfolded protein response.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Shiga toxin has the potential to induce expression of inflammation-associated genes, although the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We examined the effects of subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB), an AB(5) toxin produced by some Shiga toxigenic @entity0 , on the activation of NF-kappaB. SubAB is known to be a protease which selectively degrades @entity3 / @entity3 . Treatment of NRK-52E cells with SubAB caused rapid cleavage of @entity3 . Following the degradation of @entity3 , transient activation of NF-kappaB was observed with a peak at 6-12 h; the activation subsided within 24 h despite the continuous absence of intact @entity3 . The activation of NF-kappaB was preceded by transient phosphorylation of @entity1 . Treatment of the cells with a selective inhibitor of @entity5 or an inhibitor of PI3K attenuated SubAB-induced NF-kappaB activation, suggesting that activation of @entity1 is an event upstream of NF-kappaB. Degradation of @entity3 caused the unfolded protein response (UPR), and inducers of the UPR mimicked the stimulatory effects of SubAB on @entity1 and NF-kappaB. SubAB triggered the three major branches of the UPR including the IRE1- @entity2 , PERK, and @entity4 pathways. Dominant-negative inhibition of IRE1alpha, @entity2 , or PERK did not attenuate activation of NF-kappaB by SubAB. In contrast, genetic and pharmacological inhibition of @entity4 significantly suppressed SubAB-triggered @entity1 phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation. These results suggested that loss of @entity3 by SubAB leads to transient phosphorylation of @entity1 and consequent activation of NF-kappaB through the @entity4 branch of the UPR.

title: Activation of the @entity1 -NF-kappaB pathway by subtilase cytotoxin through the XXXX branch of the unfolded protein response.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is increasing evidence that circulating levels of soluble @entity4 (sCD30) may represent a biomarker for outcome in kidney transplantation. The aim of this study was to measure the pre- and posttransplantation serum levels of sCD30 in cadaveric kidney transplant recipients and correlate them with serum @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Serum sCD30 was measured by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from prospective samples of 38 kidney allograft recipients serially transplanted at our center. Samples were collected at day 0 pretransplantation and at months 6, 12, 18, and 24 posttransplantation. We also studied sera from 29 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) at different stages of the K/DOQI guidelines, as a control group. RESULTS: Serum levels of sCD30 decreased significantly in samples posttransplantation compared with pretransplantation. The significant decrease after transplantation may be related to the improvement in renal function since we observed a significant correlation between serum levels of sCD30 and @entity3 (sCr) at all times of the study. In addition, the @entity0 with @entity1 showed a significant association between serum sCD30 and sCr (r = .454; P = .013). CONCLUSIONS: Our results did not suggest that the measurement of sCD30 may be used as a valuable biomarker in renal transplantation. Increased levels may be related to a decrease in its renal elimination.

title: Association between serum soluble @entity4 and serum XXXX before and after renal transplantation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There is increasing evidence that circulating levels of soluble @entity4 (sCD30) may represent a biomarker for outcome in kidney transplantation. The aim of this study was to measure the pre- and posttransplantation serum levels of sCD30 in cadaveric kidney transplant recipients and correlate them with serum @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Serum sCD30 was measured by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) from prospective samples of 38 kidney allograft recipients serially transplanted at our center. Samples were collected at day 0 pretransplantation and at months 6, 12, 18, and 24 posttransplantation. We also studied sera from 29 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) at different stages of the K/DOQI guidelines, as a control group. RESULTS: Serum levels of sCD30 decreased significantly in samples posttransplantation compared with pretransplantation. The significant decrease after transplantation may be related to the improvement in renal function since we observed a significant correlation between serum levels of sCD30 and @entity3 (sCr) at all times of the study. In addition, the @entity0 with @entity1 showed a significant association between serum sCD30 and sCr (r = .454; P = .013). CONCLUSIONS: Our results did not suggest that the measurement of sCD30 may be used as a valuable biomarker in renal transplantation. Increased levels may be related to a decrease in its renal elimination.

title: Association between serum soluble XXXX and serum @entity3 before and after renal transplantation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Invasive assessment of pulmonary artery pressure ( @entity2 ), via right heart catheterization, is part of the usual protocol prior to heart transplantation. Echocardiography is considered a valuable technique to evaluate @entity2 . We sought to determine the reliability of measurements of @entity2 via a noninvasive technique, echocardiography, in relation to the estimated @entity2 via right catheterization. We also determined its safety when invasive procedures are restricted to just @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) according to echocardiographic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 67 right catheterizations performed in our hospital, within the heart transplant study protocol, from January 2000 to December 2006. @entity2 parameters were estimated by echocardiography and right catheterization. RESULTS: Hemodynamically, 57.1% of the @entity0 had severe @entity1 (more than 45 mm Hg mean @entity2 ); 13.2% moderate @entity1 (between 35 and 45 mm Hg mean @entity2 ); 12.1% had mild @entity1 (between 25 and 35 mm Hg mean @entity2 ); and 17.6% of @entity0 showed no @entity1 . Pearson correlation index with systolic @entity2 (estimated via echocardiography) and mean @entity2 (calculated via invasive method) was 0.69 (P < .001). @entity1 was considered significant when systolic @entity2 estimated via echocardiography reached more than 40 mm Hg and mean @entity2 estimated via right catheterization reached more than 35 mm Hg, the value from which the vasodilator test was carried out. According to these parameters, echocardiography showed a sensitivity of 89% to diagnose significant @entity1 and 46% specificity, with positive and negative predictive values of 70% and 76%, respectively.

title: Correlation of echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters in XXXX assessment prior to heart transplantation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The side effects of proliferation signal inhibitors (PSIs) have been characterized as a class. However, it would be convenient to assess them according to the molecule. OBJECTIVE: To assess prospectively the tolerance of PSIs among @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: We studied 56 @entity6 @entity0 who sequentially received PSIs to either withdraw (77%) or reduce the dosage of a calcineurin inhibitor; 42 received @entity7 (EVE) and 14 @entity8 (SRL). We analyzed the demographic variables, side effects, and need to withdraw the drug during a median follow-up period of 365 days. RESULTS: No differences between groups were observed upon analysis of the clinical and demographic variables when the treatment was changed owing to @entity3 (67%) or @entity2 (32%). No difference between groups was observed over the follow-up period (P = .28). Infection was the most common side effect, 28.6%: EVE, 14.3% versus SRL, 71.4% (P < .0001). @entity1 occurred in 26.8% of @entity0 : EVE, 14.3% versus SRL, 64.3% (P = .001); @entity5 in 5.4% of @entity0 : EVE, 2.4% versus SRL, 14.3% (P = .15). Treatment was withdrawn in 23.2% of the @entity0 due to intolerance: EVE, 11.9% versus SRL, 57.1% (P < .0001). EVE showed significantly better survival without @entity1 or @entity4 or used for drug withdrawal upon Kaplan-Meier analysis, (P = .01; P = .0005; P = .0097). Only SRL use was shown to be an independent predictor of side effects. CONCLUSION: @entity1 and @entity4 are the main problems caused by PSIs. EVE may display a better tolerance profile than SRL.

title: Tolerance profile of the proliferation signal inhibitors XXXX and @entity8 in heart transplantation.

answer: @entity7


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The side effects of proliferation signal inhibitors (PSIs) have been characterized as a class. However, it would be convenient to assess them according to the molecule. OBJECTIVE: To assess prospectively the tolerance of PSIs among @entity6 ( @entity6 ) @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: We studied 56 @entity6 @entity0 who sequentially received PSIs to either withdraw (77%) or reduce the dosage of a calcineurin inhibitor; 42 received @entity7 (EVE) and 14 @entity8 (SRL). We analyzed the demographic variables, side effects, and need to withdraw the drug during a median follow-up period of 365 days. RESULTS: No differences between groups were observed upon analysis of the clinical and demographic variables when the treatment was changed owing to @entity3 (67%) or @entity2 (32%). No difference between groups was observed over the follow-up period (P = .28). Infection was the most common side effect, 28.6%: EVE, 14.3% versus SRL, 71.4% (P < .0001). @entity1 occurred in 26.8% of @entity0 : EVE, 14.3% versus SRL, 64.3% (P = .001); @entity5 in 5.4% of @entity0 : EVE, 2.4% versus SRL, 14.3% (P = .15). Treatment was withdrawn in 23.2% of the @entity0 due to intolerance: EVE, 11.9% versus SRL, 57.1% (P < .0001). EVE showed significantly better survival without @entity1 or @entity4 or used for drug withdrawal upon Kaplan-Meier analysis, (P = .01; P = .0005; P = .0097). Only SRL use was shown to be an independent predictor of side effects. CONCLUSION: @entity1 and @entity4 are the main problems caused by PSIs. EVE may display a better tolerance profile than SRL.

title: Tolerance profile of the proliferation signal inhibitors @entity7 and XXXX in heart transplantation.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The clinical characteristics of elderly @entity0 with multiple @entity2 were studied. A total of 481 @entity0 , in whom the exact location of their @entity4 could be confirmed, were classified into two age groups, that is, those aged 59 years or younger (group 1: 247 cases, 51%) and those aged 60 years or older (group 2: 234 cases, 49%). The incidences of @entity3 were 30% for group 1 and 27% for group 2. This difference is statistically not significant. The rate of @entity3 was less frequent in males than in females in group 2, whereas no difference could be found in group 1. The age distribution of @entity0 with @entity3 was basically similar to that of @entity0 with single @entity3 . While the highest @entity1 rate was observed in the anterior communicating @entity2 of both groups, this tendency was more prominent in group 2 (79%) than in group 1 (59%). The @entity1 rates for other sites in group 2 were 50% for @entity2 , 40% for internal carotid @entity2 and 28% for @entity2 . The pattern of surgical outcome showed no major differences between multiple and single @entity3 in either group 1 or 2. However, group 1 had better surgical results than group 2. Even though the surgical outcome for @entity3 in elderly @entity0 was satisfactory, awareness of the probability of @entity1 at each site is helpful, especially when it is necessary to decide whether @entity3 should be operated on or not.

title: XXXX in elderly @entity0 .

answer: @entity2