abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) has a negative impact on the quality of life and leads to disabling morbidity, such as lower extremity amputation (LEA). This study aimed to evaluate the LEA trend before and after the establishment of the @entity1 foot team, an on-time debridement, on-site screening, and multidisciplinary integration with standardizing care, in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, @entity4 Yi, Taiwan, starting in 2010. The study retrospectively investigated the non-traumatic LEA rate in @entity1 foot (identified by using ICD-9-Clinical Modification (CM) codes, 250.70-250.83) and whole @entity0 with @entity1 (ICD-9 250.XX) yearly from 2004 to 2013. @entity0 were enrolled from hospitalization, emergency room (ER), or outpatient departments, respectively. Despite the overall incidence of @entity1 foot in @entity0 with @entity1 remaining constant, from 3.47% in 2004 to 3.58% in 2013, the incidence of hospitalized @entity1 foot from @entity1 reduced, from 2.83% in 2004 to 1.51% in 2013. Introduction of integrated wound care also led to a reduction of the average LEA rate in hospitalized @entity0 , from 15.27% (2004-2009) to 6.08% (2010-2013) (P<0.001). A similar decline of the LEA rate was observed for @entity0 from hospitalization, ER and outpatient departments together with an average LEA rate from 7.99% (2004-2009) down to 3.02% (2010-2013) (P<0.001). In trend analysis, the curve estimation revealed a quadratic trend in the relationship between LEA rate and time (R-square=0.869, P=0.001) for hospitalized @entity0 as well as a linear (R-square=0.819, P<0.001) and quadratic (R-square=0.845, P=0.001) trend in the relationship between LEA rate and time for hospitalization, ER, and outpatient departments together. The LEA rate for @entity2 @entity0 declined from 372.72/100,000 in 2004 to 61.74/100,000 in 2013. With establishment of an organizing, standardized wound care protocol and integrated multidisciplinary team, we demonstrated a significant decline in the LEA rate both in @entity1 foot @entity0 and all @entity0 with @entity1 . These improvements can be attributed to introducing an efficient pathway with on-time debridement and early intervention of @entity3 .

title: Organization of wound healing services: The impact on lowering the XXXX foot amputation rate in a ten-year review and the importance of early debridement.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: Pyogenic @entity10 ( @entity9 ) has been a condition of high mortality, improving over recent decades with combined antibiotic and percutaneous drainage. We aimed to identify the presenting features, diagnosis, microbiology, treatment and outcome for @entity0 over a 15-year period at an inner-city hospital. METHODS: @entity0 with an appropriate discharge diagnosis were identified and case records retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: A total of 73 @entity0 records were analysed. Common presenting features were @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity2 , @entity5 and @entity4 with raised white cell count, @entity8 , alkaline phosphatase and hypoalbuminaemia. The delay following symptom onset to presentation was a mean of 17.3 days. The inclusion of @entity9 as a possible diagnosis on admission was only considered in 1% of cases. Positive blood or abscess culture was achieved in 63% of cases. We recorded a hospital mortality rate of 11%. CONCLUSIONS: In this sample, @entity9 was rarely considered as a possible diagnosis at presentation. There are common presenting features, which should prompt early investigation. Our microbiological yield was lower than in some studies and may be due to the early empirical use of antibiotics, without microbiological guidance. Percutaneous drainage and antibiotic treatment remain the mainstay of management. The underlying cause for @entity9 is often not identified. Emerging @entity3 or underlying @entity1 were strong predictors of mortality.

title: Presentations of pyogenic XXXX in one UK centre over a 15-year period.

answer: @entity10


abstract: The epidemiology of @entity1 and its treatment has been underlined by a huge research literature. Consistently raised arterial blood pressure in a clinic or home setting is a simple clinical observation that marks a predilection to a variety of fatal and non-fatal @entity2 events. Over the past 50 years tolerable, safe and effective primary and secondary medicines to offset a substantial amount of the associated morbidity and mortality risk of elevated blood pressure have emerged. Due to the nature of the population-relative risk and low absolute risk of this phenomenon it has often taken very large numbers of @entity0 recruited from multiple centres in several countries and huge financial investment to define these profiles. Few national clinical research funds have invested in this process and it has often been left to a relatively small group of investigators to work closely with the commercial producers of new medicines to complete the essential outcome trials on which much of contemporary cardiovascular medical practice is based. Currently there are few, if any, significant new drug entities relevant to raised blood pressure under development. Most of the underlying clinical management principles and associations are clear. Achieved blood pressure, through @entity0 adherence and variable prescriber practice, defines outcomes for individuals. The theoretical likelihood of a major step forward in the understanding of raised arterial blood pressure or a preferred means for population management is low. Moreover, with few new drug entities, investment in major outcome trials is unlikely to be proposed and the target for new trials is perhaps less apparent. While there can be no doubt that few areas in recent medical practice have benefited more from such huge achievements in underlining treatment, is it time to move on from the cardiovascular mega trial in @entity1 ?

title: Do we need more long-term outcome trials for the treatment of XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Computed tomography (CT) scans are commonly used to diagnose @entity5 , but there are overlapping features between @entity6 and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) on imaging studies. Hence, colonoscopy is typically recommended after an episode of @entity5 to rule out underlying @entity1 . Currently, 64-slice multidetector CT scanners are capable of providing higher-resolution images and may be able to distinguish @entity1 from @entity3 . We aimed to determine the prevalence of @entity2 among @entity0 with CT-diagnosed @entity5 . METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of @entity0 with @entity5 diagnosed on CT scan between December 2005 and December 2010 at St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, BC. Nonresidents were excluded. We reviewed CT scan reports that included the term " @entity6 ," reports of follow-up colonic evaluation within 1 year of diagnosis and pathology results. We queried the provincial @entity1 registry to ensure no cases of @entity2 were missed. RESULTS: A total of 293 @entity0 had @entity5 diagnosed on CT scan, but 8 were nonresidents and were excluded. Of the 285 included in the analysis, the mean age was 59.4    15.1 years, and 167 (58.6%) were @entity0 . Among the 114 @entity0 who underwent follow-up evaluation, @entity1 was diagnosed in 4 (3.5%). The overall prevalence of @entity1 among @entity0 with CT-diagnosed @entity6 was 1.4%. CONCLUSION: Routine endoscopic evaluation after an episode of @entity6 diagnosed with high-resolution CT scan does not appear to be necessary. Selective approach in @entity0 with protracted clinical course or those with @entity4 /obstruction on CT scan may be of benefit.

title: Colonoscopy after CT-diagnosed XXXX : Is it really necessary?

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Paroxysmal @entity10 is a common @entity6 that occurs at all ages. Its management is determined by presenting symptoms and previous history of the @entity0 . @entity0 present with a continuum of symptoms ranging from palpitations to @entity7 . The incidence of @entity10 increases with age. OBJECTIVES: To discuss the etiology, precipitating factors, and acute management of @entity10 ; and to discuss nodal reentry circuits and representative electrocardiographic findings. CASE REPORT: We present the case of an 84-year-old @entity0 with @entity5 , choledolcholithiasis, and @entity8 complicated by paroxysmal @entity10 . We review this @entity6 , emphasizing its significance in elderly @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity10 is a common @entity6 that can result in @entity7 or @entity3 . We present a case of an elderly @entity0 with new-onset @entity9 , possibly precipitated by overdrive of his autonomic nervous system due to @entity1 and @entity2 . As the percentage of the elderly in our population is growing rapidly and the incidence of AV nodal reentry @entity4 increases with age, emergency physicians should be familiar with this @entity6 -its etiology, precipitating factors, presentations, and treatment. It will present more frequently in the future.

title: Paroxysmal XXXX in an octogenarian.

answer: @entity10


abstract: Several angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL) molecules have been implicated in enhancement of ex-vivo expansion of @entity1 and @entity0 (hu) hematopoietic stem cells, but there are no reports on hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). We assessed purified recombinant endotoxin-free hu @entity9 Coiled-Coil (CC), -3, -3CC, -3 fibrinogen-like domain (FLD), -4, -4CC, -5CC, -6 and -7 for effects on proliferation and survival of HPCs from hu cord blood (CB). None of the ANGPTL molecules stimulated CB @entity3 proliferation, or enhanced or inhibited colony formation of CB @entity3 stimulated by various growth factors. However, @entity8 CC significantly enhanced survival of @entity3 (CFU-GM, BFU-E, CFU-GEMM) subjected to delayed addition of growth factors. Survival enhancing effects of @entity8 were neutralized by purified anti- @entity8 , but not by anti- @entity6 , -6, or -7. ANGPTL-2CC, -3, and -3CC, but not -4, -6, or -7 also enhanced replating capacity of single CB CFU-GEMM colonies, an estimate of the self-renewal capabilities of HPCs, by greater than 2 fold. Effects of at least ANGPTL-3CC may in part be mediated through phosphorylation of ERK. The ANGPTL molecules did not influence ex-vivo expansion of hu CB CD34(+) cells, alone, or in combination with @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity7 , with or without @entity2 . Thus, among ANGPTL family members, @entity10 had enhancing activities on @entity0 @entity3 survival and replating activity, effects requiring the CC domain of the ANGPTL molecules. This information is of relevance to hu @entity3 regulation.

title: XXXX act through their coiled-coil domains to enhance survival and replating capacity of @entity0 cord blood hematopoietic progenitors.

answer: @entity10


abstract: Several angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL) molecules have been implicated in enhancement of ex-vivo expansion of @entity1 and @entity0 (hu) hematopoietic stem cells, but there are no reports on hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). We assessed purified recombinant endotoxin-free hu @entity9 Coiled-Coil (CC), -3, -3CC, -3 fibrinogen-like domain (FLD), -4, -4CC, -5CC, -6 and -7 for effects on proliferation and survival of HPCs from hu cord blood (CB). None of the ANGPTL molecules stimulated CB @entity3 proliferation, or enhanced or inhibited colony formation of CB @entity3 stimulated by various growth factors. However, @entity8 CC significantly enhanced survival of @entity3 (CFU-GM, BFU-E, CFU-GEMM) subjected to delayed addition of growth factors. Survival enhancing effects of @entity8 were neutralized by purified anti- @entity8 , but not by anti- @entity6 , -6, or -7. ANGPTL-2CC, -3, and -3CC, but not -4, -6, or -7 also enhanced replating capacity of single CB CFU-GEMM colonies, an estimate of the self-renewal capabilities of HPCs, by greater than 2 fold. Effects of at least ANGPTL-3CC may in part be mediated through phosphorylation of ERK. The ANGPTL molecules did not influence ex-vivo expansion of hu CB CD34(+) cells, alone, or in combination with @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity7 , with or without @entity2 . Thus, among ANGPTL family members, @entity10 had enhancing activities on @entity0 @entity3 survival and replating activity, effects requiring the CC domain of the ANGPTL molecules. This information is of relevance to hu @entity3 regulation.

title: @entity10 act through their coiled-coil domains to enhance survival and replating capacity of XXXX cord blood hematopoietic progenitors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Due to their unique molecular architecture translating into numerous every-day applications, @entity1 nanotubes (CNTs) will be ultimately an increasingly significant environmental contaminant. This work reviews qualitative/quantitative analyses of interactions of various types of CNTs and their chemically modified analogues with aqueous/aquatic media containing organic and inorganic contaminants and selected organisms of aquatic ecosystems. A special emphasis was placed on physicochemical interactions between CNTs as adsorbents of heavy metal cations and aromatic compounds (dyes) with its environmental consequences. The studies revealed CNTs as more powerful adsorbents of aromatic compounds (an order of magnitude higher adsorption capacity) than metal cations. Depending on the presence of natural organic matter (NOM) and/or co-contaminants, CNTs may act as Trojan @entity3 while passing through biological membranes (in the absence of NOM coordinating metal ions). Nanotubes, depending on flow conditions and their morphology/surface chemistry, may travel with natural waters or sediment with immobilized @entity4 or metals and/or increase cyto- and ecotoxicity of @entity4 /metal ions by their release via competitive complexation, or cause synergic ecotoxicity while adsorbing nutrients. Additionally, @entity0 of CNTs against exemplary aquatic microorganisms was reviewed. It was found for Daphnia magna that longer exposures to CNTs led to higher ecotoxicity with a prolonged @entity2 . SWCNTs were more toxic than MWCNTs, while hydrophilization of CNTs via oxidation or anchoring thereto polar/positively charged polymer chains enhanced stability of nanotubes dispersion in aqueous media. On the other hand, bioavailability of functionalized CNTs was improved leading to more complex both mechanisms of uptake and cytotoxic effects.

title: Interactions of XXXX nanotubes with aqueous/aquatic media containing organic/inorganic contaminants and selected organisms of aquatic ecosystems - A review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity8 are roundworms of @entity1 , @entity3 and @entity4 , respectively, that can also infect @entity0 . These zoonotic helminths have a worldwide distribution and are also endemic in the Netherlands. Infection with Toxocara sp. may result in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) or ocular larva migrans (OLM) caused by the migrating larvae. Although A. suum has been reported to occasionally mature to the adult stage in @entity0 , clinical cases of @entity7 suspected to be caused by A. suum have been described. @entity2 relies mainly on serology. Here we analyse the results from the Toxocara and Ascaris IgG-ELISA from a total of 2,838 serum samples from @entity7 and OLM suspected @entity0 that were sent to our institution from 1998 to 2009. Results indicate that for each year the Ascaris seropositivity is significantly higher compared to the Toxocara seropositivity. Furthermore, while Toxocara seropositivity has decreased over time, the Ascaris seropositivity has not significantly changed for the past 12 years. The Ascaris and Toxocara seropositivity was also shown to increases with age and, while gender has no influence on the Ascaris seropositivity, males showed higher Toxocara seropositivity.

title: Toxocara and Ascaris seropositivity among XXXX suspected of visceral and ocular larva migrans in the Netherlands: trends from 1998 to 2009.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Certain oral streptococci produce @entity0 under aerobic growth conditions to inhibit competing species like @entity1 . Additionally, @entity0 production causes the release of extracellular DNA (eDNA). eDNA can participate in several important functions: biofilm formation and cell-cell aggregation are supported by eDNA, while eDNA can serve as a nutrient and as an antimicrobial agent by chelating essential cations. eDNA contains DNA fragments of a size that has the potential to transfer genomic information. By using @entity2 as a model organism for streptococcal @entity0 production, @entity0 -dependent eDNA release was further investigated. Under defined growth conditions, the eDNA release process was shown to be entirely dependent on @entity0 . Chromosomal DNA damage seems to be the intrinsic signal for the release, although only actively growing cells were proficient eDNA donors. Interestingly, the process of eDNA production was found to be coupled with the induction of the @entity2 natural competence system. Consequently, the production of @entity0 triggered the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes. These results suggest that @entity0 is potentially much more than a simple toxic metabolic by-product; rather, its production could serve as an important environmental signal that facilitates species evolution by transfer of genetic information and an increase in the mutation rate.

title: Hydrogen peroxide-dependent DNA release and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Two adult @entity0 who underwent living donor liver transplantation with acute accumulation of @entity1 are reported. The chest X-ray of @entity0 1 showed no specific finding 3 days before the operation, and @entity0 2 was known to have @entity1 and underwent pigtail drainage before transplant. After anesthesia induction and insertion of central venous catheters, a portable chest radiograph was taken to confirm the positions of the central venous catheters and endotracheal tube. A massive @entity1 was noted unexpectedly in both @entity0 . Approximately 2,000 ml transudative fluid was surgically drained through the right diaphragm in @entity0 1 upon opening of the abdominal cavity. The acute accumulation of massive pleural fluid in @entity0 2 was caused by clamping of the pigtail drainage tube during @entity0 transfer to the operating room; upon unclamping of the tube, 2,000 ml fluid was drained. The intraoperative and postoperative transplant courses of both @entity0 were uneventful. Both were discharged from the hospital in stable condition. Our cases suggest that chest X-ray after induction of the anesthesia and before liver transplantation surgery is recommended. In addition to documenting the positions of the central venous catheters and endotracheal tube, a potential life-threatening @entity1 requiring appropriate management may be detected.

title: Two cases of massive XXXX noted only after induction of anesthesia in living donor liver transplantation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Studies have demonstrated that @entity1 remains inadequately managed throughout the world, with lack of adherence to BP-lowering medication being a major factor. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if a pharmaceutical care program could improve antihypertensive medication adherence and blood pressure control. SETTING: This study was conducted in a secondary care @entity1 / @entity2 outpatient clinic in the university teaching hospital of Cova da Beira Hospital Centre, Covilh  , located in the Eastern Central Region of Portugal. METHOD: This report evaluates the pharmacist's interventions during a prospective randomised controlled trial, from July 2009 to June 2010. @entity0 with diagnosis of essential @entity1 attending the clinic for routine follow-up were randomly allocated either to a control group (no pharmaceutical care) or to an intervention group (quarterly follow-up by a hospital pharmacist during a 9-month period). The pharmacist interventions, aimed to increase medication adherence and blood pressure control, involved educational interventions and counselling tips directed to the @entity0 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and blood pressure control (according to JNC 7 guidelines) assessed at the baseline visit and at the end of pharmaceutical care were the main outcome measures. Blood pressure measurements were performed by blinded nurses. Medication adherence was also evaluated, using a validated questionnaire at baseline and at the end of investigation. Results A total of 197 @entity1 @entity0 were randomly assigned to the study (99 in the control group and 98 in the intervention group). Although there were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in both groups concerning mean age, gender, body mass index, and antihypertensive pharmacotherapy, blood pressure control was higher in the intervention group (P = 0.005) at the end of the study. Significant lower systolic blood pressure (-6.8 mmHg, P = 0.006) and diastolic blood pressure (-2.9 mmHg, P = 0.020) levels were observed in the intervention group. Medication adherence was also significantly higher in the intervention group at the end of the study (74.5% vs. 57.6%, P = 0.012). CONCLUSION: Pharmacist intervention can significantly improve medication adherence and blood pressure control in @entity0 treated with antihypertensive agents.

title: Pharmacist intervention program to enhance XXXX control: a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To report the outcome of @entity4 @entity0 treated radically by external beam radiotherapy and high dose rate intracavitary radiotherapy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: From January 2005 to December 2006, a total of 709 newly diagnosed cases of @entity4 were reported in our department. All cases were staged according to the International Federation of Gynecologist and Oncologist staging system. Out of 709 cases, 342 completed radical radiotherapy and were retrospectively analyzed for the presence of local @entity3 , local recurrence, distant @entity1 , radiation reaction, and disease free survival. RESULTS: There were 11(3.22%), 82(23.98%), 232(67.83%), and 17(4.97%) @entity0 in stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The median follow up time for all @entity0 was 36 months (range 3 -54 months). The overall treatment time (OTT) ranged from 52 to 69 days (median 58 days). The 3 year disease free survival rate was 81.8%, 70.7%, 40.08%, and 11.76% for stages I, II, III, and IV, respectively. There were 91 (26.6%) cases with local residual diseases, 27(7.9%) developed distant @entity1 , and 18(5.26%) pts had local recurrence. DISCUSSION: The results of this study suggest that radical radiotherapy with @entity5 brachytherapy was appropriate for the treatment of early staged @entity2 . For locally advanced @entity2 of cervix addition of concurrent chemotherapy, higher radiation doses, reduction of overall treatment time to less than 8 weeks, and use of latest radiotherapy techniques such as IMRT is recommended to improve the results.

title: Treatment results of radical radiotherapy of XXXX uterine cervix using external beam radiotherapy and high dose rate intracavitary radiotherapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A 47-year-old @entity0 underwent decompressive suboccipital craniectomy and C1 laminectomy with duroplasty in the prone position for @entity7 and @entity6 . The arachnoid membrane was not injured. Intraoperative echography showed good enlargement of the subarachnoid space. No closed subcutaneous drain was used. The @entity0 complained of repeated @entity2 and vomiting 3 hours after the operation, and computed tomography revealed @entity5 on postoperative day 1. The @entity5 was treated conservatively, and the symptoms continued only for 3 days after surgery. @entity4 with rapid loss of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has occurred in every reported case of @entity5 complicating intracranial and spinal procedures. Loss of CSF is the main pathogenesis of this condition. In our case, the most probable pathomechanism seems to involve stretching of the @entity1 veins due to cerebellar sagging because of dural opening in the prone position and drop in CSF pressure. Such a complication is rare but should be considered after foramen magnum decompression surgery if the @entity0 shows @entity3 .

title: Remote XXXX after foramen magnum decompression surgery for Chiari I malformation--case report.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Routine use of Doppler echocardiography for the initial diagnosis of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) might allow early detection and, hence, prevention of @entity3 . This study sought to determine the incidence of subclinical @entity4 in @entity5 @entity0 . STUDY DESIGN: The study included 80 @entity0 (64 @entity2 , 16 @entity6 ) who were diagnosed with @entity5 according to the Jones criteria, 1992 update. @entity3 was defined as the presence of the following findings on Doppler echocardiography: mitral and aortic regurgitant jets in at least two planes, the length of the jets >1 cm, and peak flow velocities of >2.5 m/sec for both mitral and aortic regurgitations persisting throughout systole and diastole, respectively. The @entity0 diagnosed with subclinical @entity4 were re-evaluated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: Echocardiography revealed subclinical @entity4 in 25 @entity0 (31.3%; 13 @entity0 , 12 @entity0 ; mean age 11.4  2.5 years) with @entity5 . Of 64 @entity0 with @entity2 , 34 (53.1%) had clinical @entity4 and 17 (26.6%) had subclinical @entity4 . The incidences of clinical and subclinical @entity4 among 16 @entity0 with @entity6 were 31.3% (n=5) and 50% (n=8), respectively. Of 20 @entity0 who completed one-year follow-up, persistence of subclinical @entity4 was observed in 11 cases (55%). CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be attentive to the presence of @entity1 among @entity0 with suspected @entity5 . Considering the high incidence of subclinical @entity4 , echocardiographic evidence of @entity4 should be used as a diagnostic criterion.

title: [Silent enemy in @entity5 : subclinical XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Routine use of Doppler echocardiography for the initial diagnosis of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) might allow early detection and, hence, prevention of @entity3 . This study sought to determine the incidence of subclinical @entity4 in @entity5 @entity0 . STUDY DESIGN: The study included 80 @entity0 (64 @entity2 , 16 @entity6 ) who were diagnosed with @entity5 according to the Jones criteria, 1992 update. @entity3 was defined as the presence of the following findings on Doppler echocardiography: mitral and aortic regurgitant jets in at least two planes, the length of the jets >1 cm, and peak flow velocities of >2.5 m/sec for both mitral and aortic regurgitations persisting throughout systole and diastole, respectively. The @entity0 diagnosed with subclinical @entity4 were re-evaluated at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: Echocardiography revealed subclinical @entity4 in 25 @entity0 (31.3%; 13 @entity0 , 12 @entity0 ; mean age 11.4  2.5 years) with @entity5 . Of 64 @entity0 with @entity2 , 34 (53.1%) had clinical @entity4 and 17 (26.6%) had subclinical @entity4 . The incidences of clinical and subclinical @entity4 among 16 @entity0 with @entity6 were 31.3% (n=5) and 50% (n=8), respectively. Of 20 @entity0 who completed one-year follow-up, persistence of subclinical @entity4 was observed in 11 cases (55%). CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be attentive to the presence of @entity1 among @entity0 with suspected @entity5 . Considering the high incidence of subclinical @entity4 , echocardiographic evidence of @entity4 should be used as a diagnostic criterion.

title: [Silent enemy in XXXX : subclinical @entity4 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is among the most frequent neurological chief complaints in emergency room (ER) @entity0 . Although the majority of underlying disorders are benign, serious causes that require immediate in-hospital treatment may occur that are difficult to identify clinically. METHODS: Retrospective study of 475 consecutive ER neurological consultations with @entity4 as the chief complaint. RESULTS: Of all ER @entity4 @entity0 , 73% were initially assigned to benign and 27% to serious diagnoses. The two most frequent disorders were @entity2 (22%) and @entity1 (20%). On follow-up (available in 124 @entity0 ), 43% of all ER diagnoses were corrected: 6% of benign ER diagnoses were corrected to serious diagnoses, 23% of serious ER diagnoses were revised to benign. The most frequent corrections concerned @entity0 with an ER diagnosis of @entity1 or @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity0 sample studied here, serious causes of @entity4 were more prevalent than can be expected from population-based surveys or data from specialized outpatient departments. However, inappropriate assignment of @entity4 @entity0 to benign diagnoses still occurred in a relevant proportion of @entity0 . ER clinical pathways, planning of imaging resources and follow-up of @entity0 in- and outside the hospital must take these points into consideration.

title: XXXX in the emergency room: diagnoses and misdiagnoses.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: Many inoperable @entity0 with severe @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are not immediately eligible for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). We evaluated the role of percutaneous @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in this setting. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among 210 consecutive @entity0 referred to our institution for @entity5 , we identified three groups: immediately eligible for TAVI (n=65, 31%), excluded from TAVI (n=67, 32%), @entity5 as a bridge to TAVI (n=78, 37%). This last group comprised @entity0 with low left ventricular ejection fraction, frailty or enfeebled status, symptoms of uncertain origin, critical conditions, moderate-to-severe @entity3 , need of major non-cardiac surgery. Outpatient clinic visit and echocardiography were performed around one month after @entity5 to decide the final therapeutic strategy. Mean age was 81  8 years and the vast majority of @entity0 had comorbidities and high-risk features. The incidence of periprocedural adverse events was 6.4%: 5.1% @entity2 (four @entity0 : one procedural complication, three, natural disease progression), 1.3% minor @entity1 . After @entity5 , 46% of these @entity0 were deemed eligible for TAVI, and 28% for cardiac surgery. @entity0 who underwent TAVI after bridge @entity5 showed 94% 30-day survival. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 is a safe and effective tool to bridge selected @entity0 to TAVI when indications are not obvious.

title: The role of percutaneous XXXX as a bridge for transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Loxosceles spiders are found globally, especially in South and North America. In Brazil, approximately 10,000 cases of Loxosceles spp. spider bites are reported annually. Herein we analyzed 81 @entity0 diagnosed as either cutaneous or cutaneous-hemolytic loxoscelism, in a geographical area where most accidents are caused by Loxosceles gaucho, and we report their clinical and laboratory data obtained during week 1 and 2 after the bite. Massive @entity5 was noticed in only 2 cases, but high serum @entity2 and LDH levels, suggestive of @entity5 , were noticed in 25 cases on admission. @entity1 was not frequent (14.7%), and reticulocytosis was particularly noticed during week 2 (in 56% of @entity0 ). High D-dimer levels were suggestive of endothelial cell activation and intravascular thrombin generation, but @entity4 was noticed in only 17.6% of @entity0 in week 1. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) only occurred in @entity0 with massive @entity5 . The definitive diagnosis of overt disseminated @entity6 (DIC) could not be established on admission. Fever was associated with the presence of @entity5 (p  =  0.03). Altogether, these findings provide evidence that mild @entity5 is frequent in loxoscelism and suggest that @entity3 is uncommon, exclusively occurring in @entity0 with massive @entity5 .

title: Clinical picture and laboratorial evaluation in XXXX loxoscelism.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Therapeutic approaches to @entity1 are evolving, with personalized therapy, based on "molecular analysis" of @entity2 being developed. Given that approximately 90% of @entity0 will not undergo surgery for their disease, an ability to apply these tests to small samples obtained at the time of initial pathological diagnosis is desirable. Studies in this area have produced variable results, and the minimum area of @entity2 tissue required for analysis has not been defined. Furthermore, such assays have not been widely applied to cytology specimens, which may be the only source of diagnostic material in many cases. METHODS: Routinely processed biopsy and cytology specimens were microdissected to enrich for @entity2 cells, followed by RNA extraction using QIAGEN RNeasy kit and cDNA synthesis/reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for genes including @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity4 , according to standard laboratory protocols. Paired biopsy and resection specimens were similarly analyzed. RESULTS: As little as 1 mm   of @entity2 tissue, from a 10- m-thick section, may be used to produce RNA suitable for analysis. RNA of adequate quality and quantity for analysis may be obtained from residual, routinely processed biopsy and cytology specimens. There is good correlation between the result obtained on the @entity2 biopsy specimen and paired blocks from the surgical resection with respect to clinical decision making. CONCLUSION: Routinely processed clinical diagnostic samples provide a suitable source of RNA for polymerase chain reaction-based molecular analyses, potentially providing personalized medicine to all @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Routinely obtained diagnostic material as a source of RNA for personalized medicine in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Therapeutic approaches to @entity1 are evolving, with personalized therapy, based on "molecular analysis" of @entity2 being developed. Given that approximately 90% of @entity0 will not undergo surgery for their disease, an ability to apply these tests to small samples obtained at the time of initial pathological diagnosis is desirable. Studies in this area have produced variable results, and the minimum area of @entity2 tissue required for analysis has not been defined. Furthermore, such assays have not been widely applied to cytology specimens, which may be the only source of diagnostic material in many cases. METHODS: Routinely processed biopsy and cytology specimens were microdissected to enrich for @entity2 cells, followed by RNA extraction using QIAGEN RNeasy kit and cDNA synthesis/reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for genes including @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity4 , according to standard laboratory protocols. Paired biopsy and resection specimens were similarly analyzed. RESULTS: As little as 1 mm   of @entity2 tissue, from a 10- m-thick section, may be used to produce RNA suitable for analysis. RNA of adequate quality and quantity for analysis may be obtained from residual, routinely processed biopsy and cytology specimens. There is good correlation between the result obtained on the @entity2 biopsy specimen and paired blocks from the surgical resection with respect to clinical decision making. CONCLUSION: Routinely processed clinical diagnostic samples provide a suitable source of RNA for polymerase chain reaction-based molecular analyses, potentially providing personalized medicine to all @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Routinely obtained diagnostic material as a source of RNA for personalized medicine in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The current management paradigm for clival @entity6 includes cytoreductive surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy. Surgical approaches have traditionally utilized the microscope to remove these lesions through approaches that require extensive @entity2 , brain retraction, and mobilization of normal anatomy to create a suitably large corridor. The endoscopic ventral approaches provide a direct route to the @entity1 using natural orifices. Little data exist comparing these 2 surgical strategies. We conducted a systematic review of case series and case reports in hope of furthering our understanding of the role of endoscopy in the management of these difficult @entity4 . METHODS: We performed a MEDLINE (1950 to 2010) search to identify relevant studies. Statistical analyses of categorical variables such as extent of resection, morbidity, and visual outcome were carried out using chi-square and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS: Thirty-seven studies, involving 766 @entity0 , were included. Compared with the open surgery cohort, the endoscopic cohort had a significantly higher percentage of gross total resection (61.0% vs. 48.1%; P = 0.010), fewer @entity4 (1.3% vs. 24.2%, P < 0.001), fewer incidences of @entity5 (0.9% vs. 5.9%, P = 0.029), less mortality (4.7% vs. 21.6%, P < 0.001), and fewer local recurrences (16.9% vs. 40.0%, P = 0.0001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of @entity3 (P = 0.084). Follow-up was longer in the open compared with the endoscopic cohort (59.7 vs. 18.5 months, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Our systematic analysis supports the endoscopic ventral approaches as a safe and effective alternative for the treatment of certain clival @entity6 . Although the overall literature supports this technique in carefully selected @entity0 , longer follow-up is needed to more definitively address therapeutic efficacy. Careful @entity0 selection and meticulous multilayer closure are critical to obtaining maximal resection and acceptably low @entity7 rates.

title: The endoscope-assisted ventral approach compared with open microscope-assisted surgery for clival XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective cohort. OBJECTIVE: To compare survivorship after cement augmentation of @entity6 (OVCFs) with traditional @entity2 management and bracing. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: OVCFs can cause debilitating @entity2 and functional decline necessitating prolonged bed rest and high-dose narcotics. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are cement augmentation procedures used to control @entity2 and restore function in @entity0 with OVCF's that are refractory to conservative treatment. Early mobilization is associated with improved survival after other @entity3 in elderly @entity0 . METHODS: A university hospital database was used to identify all @entity0 treated with primary diagnosis of OVCF between 1993 and 2006. Chart review and imaging studies were used to confirm demographics, comorbidities, diagnosis, and treatment. Survival time was determined using hospital data, national @entity4 indices and @entity0 follow-up. Exact Fisher tests, Mann-Whitney tests, and proportional hazards regression models with Kaplan-Meier plots compared @entity0 treated with cement augmentation with controls treated with @entity2 management and bracing. @entity0 with high-energy trauma, @entity1 or age more than 60 years were excluded. RESULTS: Within the past 12 years, 46 @entity0 treated with cement augmentation and 129 matched controls met inclusion criteria. They did not differ with respect to age, sex, and comorbidities. A significant survival advantage was found after cement augmentation compared with controls (P < 0.001; log rank), regardless of comorbidities, age, or the number of @entity3 diagnosed at the start date (P = 0.565). Controlling simultaneously for covariates, the estimated hazard ratio associated with cementation was 0.10 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02-0.43; P = 0.002) for year 1, 0.15 (95% CI = 0.02-1.12; P = 0.064) for year 2, and 0.95 (95% CI = 0.32-2.79; P = 0.919) for subsequent follow-up. The number of OVCFs at the start time of treatment did not affect survival benefit of cementation (P = 0.44). CONCLUSION: Cement augmentation of refractory OVCF improves survival for up to 2 years when compared with conservative @entity2 management with bed rest, narcotics, and extension bracing, regardless of age, sex, and number of @entity3 or comorbidities. Therefore, aggressive management should be considered for refractory OVCFs with @entity5 .

title: Cement augmentation of XXXX : survivorship analysis.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In previous work using gold as a model substrate, we showed that modification of surfaces with @entity0 ( @entity1 ) and @entity3 trypsin inhibitor (CTI) rendered them protein resistant and inhibitory against activated factor XII. Sequential attachment of @entity1 followed by CTI gave superior performance compared to direct attachment of a preformed @entity1 -CTI conjugate. In the present work, a sequential method was used to attach @entity1 and CTI to a @entity2 (PU) substrate to develop a material with applicability for blood-contacting medical devices. Controls included surfaces modified only with @entity1 and only with CTI. Surfaces were characterized by water contact angle and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The surface density of CTI was in the range of a monolayer and was higher on the PU substrate than on gold reported previously. Biointeractions were investigated by measuring fibrinogen adsorption from buffer and plasma, factor XIIa inhibition and plasma clotting time. Both the PU- @entity1 surfaces and the PU- @entity1 -CTI surfaces showed low fibrinogen adsorption from buffer and plasma, indicating that @entity1 retained its protein resistance when conjugated to CTI. Although the CTI density was lower on PU- @entity1 -CTI than on PU modified only with CTI, PU- @entity1 -CTI exhibited greater factor XIIa inhibition and a longer plasma clotting time, suggesting that @entity1 facilitates the interaction of CTI with factor XIIa. Thus sequential attachment of @entity1 and CTI may be a useful approach to improve the thromboresistance of PU surfaces.

title: Modification of @entity2 with Polyethylene Glycol- XXXX Trypsin Inhibitor for Inhibition of Factor Xlla in Blood Contact.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In previous work using gold as a model substrate, we showed that modification of surfaces with @entity0 ( @entity1 ) and @entity3 trypsin inhibitor (CTI) rendered them protein resistant and inhibitory against activated factor XII. Sequential attachment of @entity1 followed by CTI gave superior performance compared to direct attachment of a preformed @entity1 -CTI conjugate. In the present work, a sequential method was used to attach @entity1 and CTI to a @entity2 (PU) substrate to develop a material with applicability for blood-contacting medical devices. Controls included surfaces modified only with @entity1 and only with CTI. Surfaces were characterized by water contact angle and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The surface density of CTI was in the range of a monolayer and was higher on the PU substrate than on gold reported previously. Biointeractions were investigated by measuring fibrinogen adsorption from buffer and plasma, factor XIIa inhibition and plasma clotting time. Both the PU- @entity1 surfaces and the PU- @entity1 -CTI surfaces showed low fibrinogen adsorption from buffer and plasma, indicating that @entity1 retained its protein resistance when conjugated to CTI. Although the CTI density was lower on PU- @entity1 -CTI than on PU modified only with CTI, PU- @entity1 -CTI exhibited greater factor XIIa inhibition and a longer plasma clotting time, suggesting that @entity1 facilitates the interaction of CTI with factor XIIa. Thus sequential attachment of @entity1 and CTI may be a useful approach to improve the thromboresistance of PU surfaces.

title: Modification of XXXX with Polyethylene Glycol- @entity3 Trypsin Inhibitor for Inhibition of Factor Xlla in Blood Contact.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Protein @entity4 ( @entity4 ) immunocytochemistry (ICCp16) has the potential to reveal lesions at risk of progression to @entity1 . This study examined measures of diagnostic validity of ICCp16 in @entity3 -positive @entity0 treated at the Tropical Medicine Foundation of Amazonas in the coloproctology outpatient clinic. METHODS: One hundred ninety @entity3 -positive @entity0 were consecutively enrolled in 2007 and 2008. All @entity0 underwent anal cytologic sampling to perform ICCp16 in conventional and GluCyte (Synermed International, Westfield, Indiana and S  ao Paulo, Brazil) smears and also for genotyping of @entity5 ). @entity0 were then subjected to anal biopsies monitored by high-resolution anoscopy. @entity6 -eosin and immunoperoxidase @entity4 (clone 6H12) stains were performed in slides with biopsied and cytological specimens, respectively. HPV genotyping on anal scrapings was performed by a polymerase-chain reaction (PCR)-based method. The immunochemical findings were compared with histopathological and PCR results in contingency tables and analyzed by nonparametric tests. Measures of diagnostic validity of ICCp16 were calculated. Statistical significance was set at P  <= .5. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant association between the immunochemical results (conventional or GluCyte smears) and histopathological or HPV genotyping findings (P > .05). In the best scenario, ICCp16 presented 31% sensitivity and 81% specificity for the diagnosis of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and 30% and 66%, respectively, for the diagnosis of @entity2 with high-risk HPV. CONCLUSIONS: There was no association between ICCp16 results and histopathological findings nor between ICCp16 and HPV genotyping. ICCp16 showed poor sensitivity and moderate specificity for the diagnosis of @entity7 or high-risk HPV.

title: Performance of XXXX immunocytochemistry as a marker of anal squamous intraepithelial lesions.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute @entity9 , a surgical emergency, is defined as increased pressure in an osseofascial space. The resulting reduction of capillary perfusion to that compartment requires prompt fasciotomy. Treatment delay has a poor prognosis, and is associated with muscle and nerve @entity1 , resultant @entity7 , and late-onset @entity6 . OBJECTIVES: We report a case of traumatic bilateral upper limb acute @entity9 associated with @entity10 , requiring @entity4 . CASE REPORT: A 25-year-old male bodybuilder taking @entity10 , with no past medical history, presented to the Emergency Department 25 min after a road traffic accident. Secondary survey confirmed injuries to both upper limbs with no distal @entity5 . Plain radiographs demonstrated bilateral metaphyseal fractures of the distal humeri. Within 2 h of the accident, the @entity0 developed clinical features that were consistent with bilateral upper arm @entity9 . @entity8 of both anterior and posterior compartments were performed, confirming clinical suspicion. CONCLUSION: We suggest consideration of a history of anabolic @entity3 use when evaluating @entity0 with extremity @entity2 .

title: Bilateral simultaneous traumatic upper arm compartment syndromes associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of @entity3 of the cervix and endometrium as a cause of secondary @entity2 . DESIGN: Case report. SETTING: Istanbul Bakirkoy @entity0 and @entity0 Teaching and Research Hospital. @entity0 (S): A 31-year-old @entity0 with secondary @entity2 owing to @entity3 of the endometrium and cervix in whom uterine perforation occurred during the removal of bone fragments. INTERVENTION(S): Diagnostic and operative hysteroscopy and laparotomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Visualization of the disappearance of the @entity3 region with transvaginal ultrasound examination after the hysteroscopy intervention. RESULT(S): @entity1 are removed by operative hysteroscopy. During this operation, laparotomy was done because of perforation of the uterine wall, and the perforated area was repaired. Two weeks after surgery, the @entity0 underwent a transvaginal ultrasound examination, and the abnormal ultrasound appearance had resolved. CONCLUSION(S): As a rare cause of @entity2 , @entity3 can be seen in the cervix and the endometrium. If @entity3 is deep enough during operative hysteroscopy, uterine perforation may occur. Clinicians must be careful for this reason, especially in cases of @entity3 .

title: Osseous metaplasia of the cervix and endometrium: a case of secondary XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine suicide rates, sociodemographic risk factors, and reasons for suicide attempts. METHODS: This hospital based, retrospective study consisted of 1613 suicide attempts brought to the emergency services of 8 state hospitals in Hatay, @entity2 from January 2007 to December 2009. We obtained the data by retrospective analysis of @entity0 record forms including information on age, gender, education level, marital status, occupation, reason for suicide, method of suicide, presence of previous @entity1 in the @entity0 or family, previous suicidal behavior in the @entity0 or family. We obtained current population data of the province from the Turkish State Institute of Statistics. Chi-Square test, and percentage distribution was used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: The mean age of females (23.9+/-7.9) was lower than males (26.6+/-9.7). The mean annual rate of attempted suicides per 100,000 was 38.14 (16.11 in males, 60.42 in females). The rate decreased as the age increased, and was highest in the 15-24 age group, in @entity0 , in non-married @entity0 , and in the individuals with high school education. Self-poisoning with a drug @entity3 was the most common method, and domestic conflicts were the most common reason. @entity1 history in the family or @entity0 , and suicide attempt in the family were risk factors associated with repeated suicide attempts. CONCLUSION: The suicide attempt rate was lower than in many western countries, and similar to previous studies in @entity2 . The risk of recurrence in suicide attempts is high, and is associated with psychosocial factors.

title: Epidemiology of attempted suicide in Hatay, XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 and condition is primarily a result of @entity2 in which uremic toxins are accumulated. More and more attention is paid to possibilities for @entity3 , which not only means dialysis, but also takes into account special dietary considerations and treatments, which aim to absorb the toxins or reduce their production. These uremic toxins, which also increase the cardiovascular risks, play a major part in morbidity and mortality of @entity0 suffering from @entity2 and those receiving renal replacement therapy. One of them is a member of the @entity6 group, the @entity5 . This toxin is difficult to remove with dialysis and is an endogenous protein-bound uremic toxin. Today we know that @entity5 is a vascular-nephrotoxic agent, which is able to enhance progression of @entity1 . It is of particular importance that because of its redox potency, this toxin causes oxidative stress and antioxidant effects at the same time and, on top of that, it is formed in the intestinal system. Its serum concentration depends on the nutrition and the tubular function and, therefore, it can also signal the progression of @entity2 independently of glomerular filtration rate. Successful removal of @entity5 reduces the morbidity and mortality and improves survival. Therefore, it could be a possible target or area to facilitate the @entity4 in @entity2 . The use of probiotics and prebiotics with oral adsorbents may prove to be a promising opportunity to reduce @entity5 accumulation.

title: [The uremic toxin, XXXX , signifies cardio-renal risk and intestinal-renal relationship].

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine through the analysis of our multi-institutional database whether postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity5 with localized invasive @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is beneficial. METHODS: A study population of 93 @entity0 with pT3N0/xM0 @entity5 was eligible for this study. Clinical features evaluated were sex, @entity2 location, adjuvant chemotherapy status, @entity2 pathology (histology, grade, infiltrating growth, @entity1 ( @entity1 )), and cause of @entity3 . Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors related to CSS were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: In @entity4 @entity0 , overall 5-year CSS rate was 68.4% and median CSS time was 31 months (range 3-114 months). In the adjuvant chemotherapy group, 5-year CSS rate was 80.8%, whereas 5-year CSS rate was 64.4% in the non-adjuvant chemotherapy group. By multivariate analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy status was significantly associated with CSS (P = 0.008) were sex, @entity2 grade, @entity2 histology, and @entity1 presence. CONCLUSIONS: This study, although it was retrospective study, revealed that adjuvant chemotherapy after RNU may be beneficial in pT3N0/X @entity0 by multivariate analysis. Prospective studies evaluating adjuvant therapy regimens for UTTC are required.

title: The result of adjuvant chemotherapy for localized XXXX @entity5 in a multi-institutional study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine through the analysis of our multi-institutional database whether postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for @entity5 with localized invasive @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is beneficial. METHODS: A study population of 93 @entity0 with pT3N0/xM0 @entity5 was eligible for this study. Clinical features evaluated were sex, @entity2 location, adjuvant chemotherapy status, @entity2 pathology (histology, grade, infiltrating growth, @entity1 ( @entity1 )), and cause of @entity3 . Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic factors related to CSS were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model for multivariate analysis. RESULTS: In @entity4 @entity0 , overall 5-year CSS rate was 68.4% and median CSS time was 31 months (range 3-114 months). In the adjuvant chemotherapy group, 5-year CSS rate was 80.8%, whereas 5-year CSS rate was 64.4% in the non-adjuvant chemotherapy group. By multivariate analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy status was significantly associated with CSS (P = 0.008) were sex, @entity2 grade, @entity2 histology, and @entity1 presence. CONCLUSIONS: This study, although it was retrospective study, revealed that adjuvant chemotherapy after RNU may be beneficial in pT3N0/X @entity0 by multivariate analysis. Prospective studies evaluating adjuvant therapy regimens for UTTC are required.

title: The result of adjuvant chemotherapy for localized @entity4 XXXX in a multi-institutional study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Three studies were performed to examine the effect of starch and protein digestion rates on N retention in grower @entity1 . In Exp. 1, the glycemic index (GI) of @entity3 , a malting @entity2 , and a slow-rumen-degradable @entity2 (SRD- @entity2 ) were measured using 6 barrows (BW = 18.0    0.5 kg). The GI of malting @entity2 was greater (P < 0.05) than that of SRD- @entity2 (71.1 vs. 49.4), and the GI of both @entity2 cultivars was less (P < 0.05) than that of @entity3 (104.8). In Exp. 2, the standardized ileal digestibility of AA and DE content of the 3 ingredients were determined using 5 ileal-cannulated barrows (BW = 20.7    2.3). The apparent total-tract energy digestibility values of @entity3 (86.1%) and malting @entity2 (85.7%) were greater (P < 0.05) than that of SRD- @entity2 (82.3%). The standardized ileal digestibility of Lys was 94.0, 92.6, and 92.4% for @entity3 , malting @entity2 , and SRD- @entity2 , respectively, and did not differ among grains. In Exp. 3, 6 diets were formulated to equal DE (3.40 Mcal/kg), standardized ileal digestibility of Lys (8.6 g/kg), starch (424.9 g/kg), and digestible CP (180.0 g/kg) using the values obtained in Exp. 2. Three GI [high ( @entity3 ), medium (malting @entity2 ), and low (SRD- @entity2 )] and 2 rates of protein digestion [rapid (soy protein hydrolysate) and slow (soy protein isolate)] were tested in a 3   2 factorial arrangement with 36 barrows (BW = 32.2    2.5 kg). @entity1 were fed 3.0 times the maintenance energy requirement daily in 2 meals for 2 wk and were housed in metabolic crates to collect feces and urine separately. At the end of the study, intestinal contents were collected from 4 equal-length segments of the small intestine. The percentage of unabsorbed CP in segment 1 relative to dietary CP was greater (P < 0.05) for the soy protein isolate diet than for the soy protein hydrolysate diet (170.3 vs. 116.5%). The percentages of unabsorbed starch in segments 1 and 2 were greater (P < 0.05) for the SRD- @entity2 diet than for the malting @entity2 or @entity3 diet. @entity0 intake and fecal N excretion were greater (P < 0.05) for @entity1 fed the malting @entity2 and SRD- @entity2 diets than for @entity1 fed the @entity3 diet. Urinary N excretion was greater (P < 0.05) for @entity1 fed the SRD- @entity2 diet than for @entity1 fed the @entity3 or malting @entity2 diet. @entity1 fed slowly digestible starch (SRD- @entity2 ; 46.6%) had less (P < 0.05) net N retention than @entity1 fed @entity3 or malting @entity2 (54.7 and 54.1%, respectively). In conclusion, slowly digestible starch sources such as SRD- @entity2 may not be suitable to support maximum protein deposition in restricted-fed grower @entity1 .

title: Glycemic index of starch affects XXXX retention in grower @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Three studies were performed to examine the effect of starch and protein digestion rates on N retention in grower @entity1 . In Exp. 1, the glycemic index (GI) of @entity3 , a malting @entity2 , and a slow-rumen-degradable @entity2 (SRD- @entity2 ) were measured using 6 barrows (BW = 18.0    0.5 kg). The GI of malting @entity2 was greater (P < 0.05) than that of SRD- @entity2 (71.1 vs. 49.4), and the GI of both @entity2 cultivars was less (P < 0.05) than that of @entity3 (104.8). In Exp. 2, the standardized ileal digestibility of AA and DE content of the 3 ingredients were determined using 5 ileal-cannulated barrows (BW = 20.7    2.3). The apparent total-tract energy digestibility values of @entity3 (86.1%) and malting @entity2 (85.7%) were greater (P < 0.05) than that of SRD- @entity2 (82.3%). The standardized ileal digestibility of Lys was 94.0, 92.6, and 92.4% for @entity3 , malting @entity2 , and SRD- @entity2 , respectively, and did not differ among grains. In Exp. 3, 6 diets were formulated to equal DE (3.40 Mcal/kg), standardized ileal digestibility of Lys (8.6 g/kg), starch (424.9 g/kg), and digestible CP (180.0 g/kg) using the values obtained in Exp. 2. Three GI [high ( @entity3 ), medium (malting @entity2 ), and low (SRD- @entity2 )] and 2 rates of protein digestion [rapid (soy protein hydrolysate) and slow (soy protein isolate)] were tested in a 3   2 factorial arrangement with 36 barrows (BW = 32.2    2.5 kg). @entity1 were fed 3.0 times the maintenance energy requirement daily in 2 meals for 2 wk and were housed in metabolic crates to collect feces and urine separately. At the end of the study, intestinal contents were collected from 4 equal-length segments of the small intestine. The percentage of unabsorbed CP in segment 1 relative to dietary CP was greater (P < 0.05) for the soy protein isolate diet than for the soy protein hydrolysate diet (170.3 vs. 116.5%). The percentages of unabsorbed starch in segments 1 and 2 were greater (P < 0.05) for the SRD- @entity2 diet than for the malting @entity2 or @entity3 diet. @entity0 intake and fecal N excretion were greater (P < 0.05) for @entity1 fed the malting @entity2 and SRD- @entity2 diets than for @entity1 fed the @entity3 diet. Urinary N excretion was greater (P < 0.05) for @entity1 fed the SRD- @entity2 diet than for @entity1 fed the @entity3 or malting @entity2 diet. @entity1 fed slowly digestible starch (SRD- @entity2 ; 46.6%) had less (P < 0.05) net N retention than @entity1 fed @entity3 or malting @entity2 (54.7 and 54.1%, respectively). In conclusion, slowly digestible starch sources such as SRD- @entity2 may not be suitable to support maximum protein deposition in restricted-fed grower @entity1 .

title: Glycemic index of starch affects @entity0 retention in grower XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Short interfering RNA (siRNA) technology is a powerful tool for suppressing gene expression in @entity0 cells. In this study, we focused on the development of siRNAs conjugated with @entity3 at the 5'-end of the sense strand (C16-siRNAs) using our novel synthesis strategy in order to improve the potency of siRNA. The C16-siRNAs exhibited enhanced nuclease stability. In addition, they showed potent gene-silencing efficacy against exogenous Renilla luciferase in HeLa cells compared with a nonmodified siRNA in the presence of Lipofectamine 2000. The C16-siRNAs also had a more potent inhibitory effect on Renilla luciferase activity than the other siRNA conjugated with lipids at the 5'-end and the 3'-end by @entity4 conjugation. For further improvement, the gene silencing potency of the C16-siRNAs against the endogenous @entity1 ( @entity1 ) gene in HeLa cells was investigated. In this investigation, the siRNAs were prepared not only with the normal RNA sequence but also coupled with an inverted @entity2 (idT) at the 3'-ends of both the sense and antisense strands (siRNA-idT), including @entity3 conjugations at the 5'-end of the sense strand, to improve stability. The C16-siRNA including idT modifications exhibited a significantly greater inhibitory effect on the @entity1 gene in the presence of Lipofectamine 2000. It is noteworthy that C16-siRNA-idT demonstrated long-term gene-silencing efficacy of up to 5 days. Interestingly, the C16-siRNAs, including that with idT modifications, exhibited strong RNAi potency in the absence of any transfection reagents, although only at high concentrations. Both the C16-siRNAs and C16-siRNA-idT induced a high level of membrane permeability in HeLa cells. Our developed C16-siRNAs, particularly C16-siRNA-idT, are thus among the promising candidates for a new generation of modified siRNAs that can solve the many problems associated with siRNA technology.

title: XXXX -conjugated 21-nucleotide siRNA enhances gene-silencing activity.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 , a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor, has shown activity in preclinical @entity1 models. The primary objectives of this trial were to determine the pharmacokinetics of @entity3 in @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 on enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs) and to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of @entity3 in @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 who were not receiving EIAEDs. Two dose cohorts were studied in the phase I component of the trial (13.3 and 17.7 mg/m(2)/d). @entity0 in the phase II component were treated with intravenous @entity3 at a dosage of 13.3 mg/m(2)/day on days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle. Eight @entity0 were treated on the phase I component. A similar @entity3 pharmacokinetic profile was demonstrated between @entity0 receiving EIAEDs to those not receving EIAEDs. Thirty-five @entity0 with @entity2 were accrued to the phase II component. There was no objective radiographic response. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8 weeks and only 1 @entity0 had a PFS time >= 6 months (PFS6 = 3%). To date, 34 @entity0 (97%) have died, with a median survival duration of 34 weeks. Despite in vitro studies showing that @entity3 is primarily metabolized by @entity4 , no decrease in exposure to @entity3 was seen in @entity0 receiving potent @entity4 inducers. @entity3 , at its standard dose and schedule, was ineffective for @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 . ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00085540.

title: A phase I/II trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor XXXX for adults with recurrent @entity1 : North American Brain Tumor Consortium Study 03-03.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 , a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor, has shown activity in preclinical @entity1 models. The primary objectives of this trial were to determine the pharmacokinetics of @entity3 in @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 on enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs) and to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of @entity3 in @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 who were not receiving EIAEDs. Two dose cohorts were studied in the phase I component of the trial (13.3 and 17.7 mg/m(2)/d). @entity0 in the phase II component were treated with intravenous @entity3 at a dosage of 13.3 mg/m(2)/day on days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle. Eight @entity0 were treated on the phase I component. A similar @entity3 pharmacokinetic profile was demonstrated between @entity0 receiving EIAEDs to those not receving EIAEDs. Thirty-five @entity0 with @entity2 were accrued to the phase II component. There was no objective radiographic response. The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 8 weeks and only 1 @entity0 had a PFS time >= 6 months (PFS6 = 3%). To date, 34 @entity0 (97%) have died, with a median survival duration of 34 weeks. Despite in vitro studies showing that @entity3 is primarily metabolized by @entity4 , no decrease in exposure to @entity3 was seen in @entity0 receiving potent @entity4 inducers. @entity3 , at its standard dose and schedule, was ineffective for @entity0 with recurrent @entity2 . ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00085540.

title: A phase I/II trial of the histone deacetylase inhibitor @entity3 for adults with recurrent XXXX : North American Brain Tumor Consortium Study 03-03.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The close association between the @entity1 @entity1 (Rossi) (Diptera: Tephritidae) and bacteria has been known for more than a century. Recently, the presence of a host-specific, hereditary, unculturable symbiotic bacterium, designated 'Candidatus Erwinia dacicola', has been described inside the cephalic organ of the @entity0 , called the oesophageal bulb. In the present study, the 16S rRNA gene sequence variability of 'Ca. E. dacicola' was examined within and between 26 Italian @entity1 populations sampled across areas where olive trees occur in the wild and areas where cultivated olive trees have been introduced through history. The bacterial contents of the oesophageal bulbs of 314 olive flies were analysed and a minimum of 781 bp of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. The corresponding host @entity0 genotype was assessed by sequencing a 776 bp portion of the mitochondrial genome. Two 'Ca. E. dacicola' haplotypes were found (htA and htB), one being slightly more prevalent than the other (57%). The two haplotypes did not co-exist in the same individuals, as confirmed by cloning. Interestingly, the @entity1 populations of the two main Italian islands, Sicily and Sardinia, appeared to be represented exclusively by the htB and htA haplotypes, respectively, while peninsular populations showed both bacterial haplotypes in different proportions. No significant correlation emerged between the two symbiont haplotypes and the 16 host @entity0 haplotypes observed, suggesting evidence for a mixed model of vertical and horizontal transmission of the symbiont during the @entity0 life cycle.

title: Evidence of two lineages of the symbiont 'Candidatus Erwinia dacicola' in Italian populations of XXXX (Rossi) based on 16S rRNA gene sequences.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The afsS gene of several @entity3 species encodes a small sigma factor-like protein that acts as an activator of several pathway-specific regulatory genes (e.g., actII-ORF4 and redD in @entity3 ). The two pleiotropic regulators AfsR and PhoP bind to overlapping sequences in the -35 region of the afsS promoter and control its expression. Using mutated afsS promoters containing specific point mutations in the AfsR and PhoP binding sequences, we proved that the overlapping recognition sequences for AfsR and PhoP are displaced by 1 @entity0 . Different @entity0 positions are important for binding of AfsR or PhoP, as shown by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and by reporter studies using the luxAB gene coupled to the different promoters. Mutant promoter M5 (with a @entity0 change at position 5 of the consensus box) binds AfsR but not PhoP with high affinity (named "superAfsR"). Expression of the afsS gene from this promoter led to overproduction of actinorhodin. Mutant promoter M16 binds PhoP with extremely high affinity ("superPhoP"). Studies with /\afsR and /\phoP mutants (lacking AfsR and PhoP, respectively) showed that both global regulators are competitive transcriptional activators of afsS. AfsR has greater influence on expression of afsS than PhoP, as shown by reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) and promoter reporter (luciferase) studies. These two high-level regulators appear to integrate different nutritional signals (particularly @entity1 limitation sensed by PhoR), @entity2 , and other still unknown environmental signals (leading to AfsR phosphorylation) for the AfsS-mediated control of biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.

title: Complex transcriptional control of the antibiotic regulator afsS in XXXX : PhoP and AfsR are overlapping, competitive activators.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of frontalis suspension using 4-0 prolene sutures for paediatric ptosis with poor levator function. @entity0 AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on @entity0 who underwent 4-0 prolene frontalis suspension from 2000 to 2008 with a minimum of 6 months' follow-up. Functional success was defined when three criteria were met: (a) satisfactory lid height (defined as margin-to-reflex distance >= 3   mm with minimal frontalis muscle tone); (b) satisfactory lid symmetry ( <=2   mm asymmetry in margin-to-reflex distance); and (c) satisfactory cosmesis. Recurrence was defined by a drop in lid height of >= 3   mm from the initial post-operative level. RESULTS: A total of 23 @entity0 (30 eyelids) were included. The mean follow-up duration was 28.7 months (range 6.3 to 100 months). The functional success rate was 74% (17/23 @entity0 ). @entity2 recurred in 22% (5/23) of @entity0 . Only one @entity0 (4%) developed a complication: a case of minor wound @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In paediatric ptosis with poor levator function, prolene frontalis suspension has good efficacy and an excellent safety profile. The results of @entity3 frontalis suspension are comparable to those of other non-autogenous materials.

title: XXXX frontalis suspension in paediatric ptosis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia is being investigated as a potential control agent in several important vector insect species. Recent studies have shown that Wolbachia can protect the insect host against a wide variety of pathogens, resulting in reduced transmission of parasites and viruses. It has been proposed that compromised vector competence of @entity3 insects is due to up-regulation of the host innate immune system or metabolic competition. Anopheles mosquitoes, which transmit @entity0 @entity4 parasites, have never been found to harbor Wolbachia in nature. While transient somatic infections can be established in Anopheles, no stable artificially-transinfected Anopheles line has been developed despite numerous attempts. However, cultured Anopheles cells can be stably infected with multiple Wolbachia strains such as wAlbB from @entity1 , wRi from @entity5 and wMelPop from @entity2 . Infected cell lines provide an amenable system to investigate Wolbachia-Anopheles interactions in the absence of an infected mosquito strain. We used Affymetrix GeneChip microarrays to investigate the effect of wAlbB and wRi infection on the transcriptome of cultured Anopheles Sua5B cells, and for a subset of genes used quantitative PCR to validate results in somatically-infected Anopheles mosquitoes. @entity3 had a dramatic strain-specific effect on gene expression in this cell line, with almost 700 genes in total regulated representing a diverse array of functional classes. Very strikingly, infection resulted in a significant down-regulation of many immune, stress and detoxification-related transcripts. This is in stark contrast to the induction of immune genes observed in other insect hosts. We also identified genes that may be potentially involved in Wolbachia-induced reproductive and pathogenic phenotypes. Somatically-infected mosquitoes had similar responses to cultured cells. The data show that Wolbachia has a profound and unique effect on Anopheles gene expression in cultured cells, and has important implications for mechanistic understanding of Wolbachia-induced phenotypes and potential novel strategies to control @entity4 .

title: XXXX in Anopheles gambiae cells: transcriptomic characterization of a novel host-symbiont interaction.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The serum titration neutralization assay described in Chapter 33 utilizes a constant amount of infectious virus and indirectly estimates the antibody-mediated reduction in infectious virus by measuring @entity3 antigen expressed by @entity0 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The assay assumes a direct relationship between expressed @entity3 antigen and the number of target PBMC infected. Therefore, the optimal time of @entity3 antigen measurement may vary due to different growth kinetics among viruses. An infectivity reduction assay (IRA) directly measures the effect of antibody on virus endpoint infectious titer. The IRA is more labor-intensive and requires more serum than the antibody titration assay, and it is generally done with a single dilution of antibody. However, it has the important advantage of directly measuring the effect of antibody on virus median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID(50)). In addition, the IRA is unaffected by variation in virus growth kinetics and therefore is theoretically more suitable for comparing neutralization among diverse virus isolates. The assay described below calculates virus TCID(50) by serially diluting virus stock in quadruplicate wells with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated PBMC. Wells are scored positive or negative for @entity2 @entity1 by measuring expressed @entity3 antigen after eight days in culture. Results are expressed as the antibody-mediated reduction in virus TCID(50) (i.e., ratio of virus TCID(50) in control sera to TCID(50) in test sera).

title: Neutralization of XXXX Infection of @entity0 Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) : Infectivity Reduction Method.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The serum titration neutralization assay described in Chapter 33 utilizes a constant amount of infectious virus and indirectly estimates the antibody-mediated reduction in infectious virus by measuring @entity3 antigen expressed by @entity0 peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The assay assumes a direct relationship between expressed @entity3 antigen and the number of target PBMC infected. Therefore, the optimal time of @entity3 antigen measurement may vary due to different growth kinetics among viruses. An infectivity reduction assay (IRA) directly measures the effect of antibody on virus endpoint infectious titer. The IRA is more labor-intensive and requires more serum than the antibody titration assay, and it is generally done with a single dilution of antibody. However, it has the important advantage of directly measuring the effect of antibody on virus median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID(50)). In addition, the IRA is unaffected by variation in virus growth kinetics and therefore is theoretically more suitable for comparing neutralization among diverse virus isolates. The assay described below calculates virus TCID(50) by serially diluting virus stock in quadruplicate wells with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated PBMC. Wells are scored positive or negative for @entity2 @entity1 by measuring expressed @entity3 antigen after eight days in culture. Results are expressed as the antibody-mediated reduction in virus TCID(50) (i.e., ratio of virus TCID(50) in control sera to TCID(50) in test sera).

title: Neutralization of @entity2 Infection of XXXX Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) : Infectivity Reduction Method.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ), which occurs during the early period following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), is often difficult to diagnose. It is characterized by severe clinical manifestations and high mortality. Despite current therapeutic approaches, outcomes remain poor. Here, we summarize the cases of two @entity0 who experienced engraftment failure and subsequently developed @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Both @entity0 had high-risk @entity3 for which they underwent umbilical cord blood transplantation (UCBT) at our institution. Based on the presence of massive hemophagocytosis in their bone marrow specimens and the results of chimerism analysis, diagnosis of @entity1 was made in both cases. A single infusion of low-dose @entity5 was administered immediately to each @entity0 . Four days after the injection, therapeutic efficacy was evaluated. As both cases showed an insufficient response to @entity5 , we added @entity4 and a medium dose of @entity2 . Clinical symptoms rapidly improved and stable engraftments were observed within a week. The first and second @entity0 were alive 1008 and 232  days after UCBT, respectively. The combined use of low-dose @entity5 and @entity4 plus @entity2 appears to be a promising treatment option for @entity1 , without serious adverse side effects.

title: Successful treatment with combined chemotherapy of two adult cases of XXXX in recipients of umbilical cord blood cell transplantation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ), or the proportion of the breast with respect to its overall area that is composed of dense tissue, is a strong risk factor for @entity0 . Studies support a positive association of mammographic density and @entity2 drinking. This was a cross-sectional multicenter study based on 3584 @entity1 , aged 45-68 years, recruited from seven screening centers within the Spanish @entity0 screening program network. The association between @entity4 , @entity2 consumption and @entity3 use was evaluated by using ordinal logistic models with random center-specific intercepts. We found a weak positive association between current @entity2 intake and higher @entity4 , with current @entity2 consumption increasing the odds of high @entity4 by 13% (OR = 1.13; 95% CI 0.99-1.28) and high daily grams of @entity2 being positively associated with increased @entity4 (P for trend = 0.045). There were no statistically significant differences in @entity4 between smokers and non-smokers. Nevertheless, increased number of daily cigarettes and increased number of accumulated lifetime cigarettes were negatively associated with high @entity4 (P for trend 0.017 and 0.021). The effect of @entity2 on @entity4 was modified by menopausal status and @entity3 smoking: whereas, @entity2 consumption and daily grams of @entity2 were positively associated with higher @entity4 in postmenopausal @entity1 and in @entity1 who were not currently smoking, @entity2 consumption had no effect on @entity4 in premenopausal @entity1 and current smokers. Our results support an association between recent @entity2 consumption and high @entity4 , characterized by a modest increase in risk at low levels of current consumption and a decrease in risk among heavier drinkers. Our study also shows how the effects of @entity2 in the breast can be modified by other factors, such as smoking.

title: XXXX , @entity3 , and mammographic density: a population-based study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ), or the proportion of the breast with respect to its overall area that is composed of dense tissue, is a strong risk factor for @entity0 . Studies support a positive association of mammographic density and @entity2 drinking. This was a cross-sectional multicenter study based on 3584 @entity1 , aged 45-68 years, recruited from seven screening centers within the Spanish @entity0 screening program network. The association between @entity4 , @entity2 consumption and @entity3 use was evaluated by using ordinal logistic models with random center-specific intercepts. We found a weak positive association between current @entity2 intake and higher @entity4 , with current @entity2 consumption increasing the odds of high @entity4 by 13% (OR = 1.13; 95% CI 0.99-1.28) and high daily grams of @entity2 being positively associated with increased @entity4 (P for trend = 0.045). There were no statistically significant differences in @entity4 between smokers and non-smokers. Nevertheless, increased number of daily cigarettes and increased number of accumulated lifetime cigarettes were negatively associated with high @entity4 (P for trend 0.017 and 0.021). The effect of @entity2 on @entity4 was modified by menopausal status and @entity3 smoking: whereas, @entity2 consumption and daily grams of @entity2 were positively associated with higher @entity4 in postmenopausal @entity1 and in @entity1 who were not currently smoking, @entity2 consumption had no effect on @entity4 in premenopausal @entity1 and current smokers. Our results support an association between recent @entity2 consumption and high @entity4 , characterized by a modest increase in risk at low levels of current consumption and a decrease in risk among heavier drinkers. Our study also shows how the effects of @entity2 in the breast can be modified by other factors, such as smoking.

title: @entity2 , XXXX , and mammographic density: a population-based study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In the @entity0 skin, various types of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are present. In the epidermis, they are identified ultrastructurally as Langerhans cells (LC) by the presence of Birbeck granules. LC are considered to belong to the family of dendritic cells (DC) that are important for the initiation of immune responses (1). In the dermis, macrophages and DC are present (2,3). The expression of @entity2 molecules can be used to identify DC in the skin (4,5), because macrophages do not express this marker. In vivo, these skin DC are supposed to take up antigens penetrating in the skin. Thereafter, they migrate via the afferent lymphatics into the draining lymph nodes, where a T-cell response can be initiated (6,7). During migration, the DC mature into potent @entity1 . Besides an increase in MHC class II expression, adhesion (8,9) and B7 co-stimulatory molecules (10) are up-regulated. Most research on skin DC has been carried out with cells isolated from enzyme digested skin (8-10). In this chapter, we describe a method to obtain DC from @entity0 skin without enzymes, by making use of their migratory capacities. The cells migrate "spontaneously" out of the skin during culture. Characterization of the cells shows that mature DC are obtained with a marker expression not influenced by enzymes.

title: Isolation of XXXX skin dendritic cells by in vitro migration.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Many asthmatics take therapy intermittently because of their scarce compliance. It is not known if this is effective in controlling and slowing down the lung function decline in @entity2 . Our aim was to compare the effect of a regular treatment and an intermittent one on some clinical aspects and on the forced expiratory volume 1 (FEV1) decline in 165 persistent asthmatics with FEV1 > 70% (60 @entity0 ; age 40.87 +/- 14.05; FEV1 95.03 +/- 13.1%), in a retrospective way over 4 years. @entity0 AND METHODS: Eighty-four @entity0 took inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) plus long-acting bronchodilator agents (LABAs) regularly (regular) and 81 @entity0 took ICSs plus LABAs intermittently for short periods when symptoms appeared (intermittent). RESULTS: Less @entity0 (p < 0.05) took oral @entity1 , short-acting bronchodilators as needed in regular compared to intermittent. More @entity0 increased the therapy (step-up) in intermittent (p < 0.01) More @entity0 reported a subjective improvement while fewer reported a worsening in regular (p < 0.05). After 4 years, the variation in maximal mid expiratory flow (FEF25-75) was lower in regular (-159.40 +/- 472.79 ml/sec; CI 95% -261.99, 56.82) than in intermittent (-324.44 +/- 569.97 ml/sec; CI 95% -450.48, -198.41); whereas the FEV1 decline was similar between regular (-276.97 +/- 199.37 ml; CI 95% -316.24, -229.71) and Intermittent (-317.65 +/- 194.05 ml; CI 95% -360.56, -274.74). In males and females, in smokers and non-smokers no differences were found in the FEV1 decline. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the regular use of ICSs plus LABAs is better than the irregular use of them in controlling @entity2 over a long period of time. Whereas, after 4 years the regular treatment may not decrease the FEV1 decline more effectively than the intermittent therapy.

title: A regular or an intermittent treatment for XXXX : the long-term effect.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Notes is the logical answer to scarless surgery, but despite being around for almost 4-5 years, it has to still garner a major support because of a number of limitations. Single-incision laparoscopic surgery, especially when done through the umbilicus, should be the perfect answer as far as the absence of any visible scar is concerned. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the 67 @entity0 were operated by the same surgeon through a transversely placed umbilical incision in the lower half of the umbilicus. Three conventional ports, 10, 5, and 5    mm, were introduced through the same skin incision but separate transfacial punctures. The instruments included 10-mm and 5-mm 30   rigid telescopes and rigid instruments as in standard laparoscopic cholecystectomy. @entity0 with @entity3 and obstructed @entity3 were included, and those with strangulated @entity3 were excluded. RESULTS: All the @entity0 were @entity0 , with an average age of 38.6 years. Three @entity0 had @entity3 and 2 each had irreducible and obstructed @entity3 . The mean operating time was 42.8 minutes for unilateral hernias when tackers were used and 51.7 minutes in those in whom intracorporeal suturing was done. The operating time for @entity3 was 71.7 minutes. There was minimal flap discharge, without @entity2 , in 3 @entity0 . There were no other complications. There were no conversions and no recurrences upto 9 months of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Transumbilical single-skin-incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal repair for groin hernias, performed solely with conventional instruments, is feasible, easy to learn, and probably the future of laparoscopic @entity1 .

title: Single-incision laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal XXXX using only conventional instruments: an initial report.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between @entity1 , chewing habits, and food choices among older Nigerians. METHODS: A questionnaire was administered by an interviewer to 500 randomly selected Nigerians, aged 50 and above, drawn from households in Plateau State in the North Central part of Nigeria. Intake of fruits/vegetables, and hard food items such as nuts, roast @entity2 and nontender meat, was assessed. The subjects were then examined clinically to chart their dentitions. RESULTS: The sample comprised of approximately equal numbers of @entity0 and @entity0 from predominantly rural and semi-urban communities. Those @entity0 who had more than 20 teeth selected fruits/vegetables more frequently than those with fewer teeth; in addition, they chewed hard foods more frequently. On the other hand, a larger proportion of @entity0 with 20 or fewer teeth indicated that they avoided certain food items because of their teeth/mouth conditions. One-way anova showed that the @entity0 who selected fruits/vegetables daily or weekly compared to occasionally or rarely had significantly more teeth on average. Multivariable logistic regression analysis, controlling for age, gender, income, and education showed that the number of remaining teeth was significantly associated with the selection of vegetables/fruits and other hard food items. CONCLUSION: @entity1 affects selection of specific foods by older Nigerians in Plateau State and thus, could impact on the nutritional status of these individuals.

title: XXXX , chewing habits, and food choices among older Nigerians in Plateau State: a preliminary study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a self-management programme among @entity2 knee sufferers. BACKGROUND: @entity2 of the knee is a major cause of loss of function and is common in the older @entity0 . A self-management programme is an effective way to increase @entity3 self-efficacy, and helps with mastering self-management practices. METHOD: This study was carried out from January 2008 to December 2008 and included 205 @entity0 , with 114 in the intervention group and 91 in the control group. The 4-week trial was followed by an 8-week follow-up assessment. The outcome measures included assessments of @entity3 self-efficacy, @entity1 beliefs, unplanned medical consultations, @entity1 days and disability days using the Mann-Whitney U-test and Friedman test. FINDINGS: At post-intervention, significant differences were found in @entity1 beliefs (P<0  001) and @entity1 days (P<0  004). At 8-week follow-up, there was a significant improvement in @entity3 self-efficacy: @entity1 and other symptoms subscales (P<0  001 and 0  049, respectively), @entity1 beliefs (P<0  001) and number of unplanned medical consultations (P<0  010). CONCLUSION: The study supports the hypothesis that a self-management programme enhances @entity3 -related self-efficacy and @entity1 beliefs. A decrease in the number of unplanned medical consultations, @entity1 days and disability days suggests that the programme might help reduce healthcare costs. This programme has introduced a significant result about self-efficacy and self-management to a chronic disease population in Taiwan. In short, there were great beneficial effects on self-management among @entity0 who are affected by @entity4 .

title: Effects of an XXXX self-management programme.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Few cases of @entity7 during pregnancy have been reported in the literature, and the causative microorganisms and prognosis of @entity7 during pregnancy are unclear. In a 6-year period we identified six cases of @entity7 in pregnant @entity0 . All were multigravida and gestational age at presentation ranged from 5 to 39 weeks. Predisposing factors were present in five @entity0 and consisted of @entity5 in four @entity0 . The causative organism was @entity3 in all @entity0 . Two @entity0 died, both due to florid @entity1 . Foetal outcome was good in five cases; one @entity0 had a miscarriage 3 weeks after the episode of @entity7 . We reviewed the literature on @entity7 during pregnancy and identified 42 cases of @entity7 . Twenty-five of these @entity0 had @entity6 and seven had @entity4 caused by @entity8 . We found that @entity6 during pregnancy can be rapidly fatal and is associated with @entity2 , especially in the first trimester. @entity8 @entity4 was associated with a high rate of neonatal deaths.

title: XXXX in pregnancy: report of six cases and review of the literature.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The aims of this study were to clarify the distribution and spread pattern of metastatic nodes and to evaluate the importance of the number, ratio, and location of positive nodes in @entity3 . We analyzed the clinicopathologic data and survival of 52 @entity0 who received curative pancreatoduodenectomy for @entity3 between June 1994 and May 2009. Metastatic lymph nodes were found in 32 (61.5%) @entity0 . The median number of evaluated nodes and positive nodes were 26 (range 10-60) and two (range 1-15), respectively. The most commonly involved nodes were the posterior pancreaticoduodenal nodes (26 @entity0 ) followed by the anterior pancreaticoduodenal nodes (11 @entity0 ). No positive @entity1 were found. In univariate analysis, number of positive nodes, and their ratio and location were significantly associated with survival. Only the factor of three or more metastatic nodes had the independent power in predicting a poor outcome in multivariate analysis (P < 0.001). @entity3 first spreads to the posterior pancreaticoduodenal nodes and then the anterior nodes. The number of positive lymph nodes, rather than their ratio and location, independently affects survival after curative resection in @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Pattern analysis of lymph node metastasis and the prognostic importance of number of metastatic nodes in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Recent advances in hepatobiliary imaging techniques have led to the increased detection of @entity4 . However, the diagnosis and treatment of @entity4 is still a challenge. In this study, we summarize how @entity0 were diagnosed and treated for @entity4 at our institution. Sixty-six @entity0 with @entity4 were diagnosed and treated in our department from January 2000 to June 2009. Sixty-one @entity0 were treated operatively, whereas five @entity0 were treated with medicine. @entity0 with @entity4 were confirmed by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography. Of the 61 @entity0 needing surgical intervention, clinical outcomes were excellent in 57 @entity0 , and five @entity0 underwent successful laparoscopic surgery for repairing the @entity4 . Follow-up of these @entity0 for 6 months to 10 years showed they did not suffer from further @entity3 . A @entity0 ' past history of @entity2 , upper @entity5 , @entity1 , and @entity6 may lead to @entity4 . Operative therapy, including laparoscopic surgery, was the primary treatment for most @entity0 , regardless of the preoperative diagnosis.

title: Diagnosis and management of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a rare and @entity1 . The results and complications of surgical correction of this deformity using ring fixators (Ilizarov/ @entity4 ) have been evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of 30 @entity0 with @entity3 , between the ages of 3.3 and 17 years (mean, 9.3 years), with 35 lengthening procedures. Ten cases were treated with an Ilizarov frame, 25 cases with a @entity4 ( @entity4 ). RESULTS: The average lengthening at femoral osteotomy was 44.3 mm. Nine @entity0 underwent an additional tibial lengthening by an average of 24.2 mm. The total lengthening was 50.5 mm (28-85 mm). A @entity2 after removal of the fixator occurred in 25.7% of the cases, and a pin-site infection with the subsequent need of operative revision was found in 8.5%. A subluxation of the knee joint was observed in 11.4% and a persistent limitation of the knee joint range of motion in 22.8%. CONCLUSIONS: Despite several complications, the use of ring fixators, especially the @entity4 , is an effective method for treatment of this @entity1 . The complication rate was similar with the use of either ring fixator. Some complications can be decreased with experience. The risk of @entity5 can be reduced by joint bridging and @entity2 after frame removal can be avoided by prophylactic rodding.

title: [Complications after femoral lengthening with ring fixators in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The present study aimed to identify the genetic mutations in two families affected with @entity1 . Detailed family histories and clinical data of the family members were recorded. The family members with affected phenotypes were recruited, and candidate gene sequencing was performed to determine the disease  -causing mutation. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to predict the function of the mutant gene. Green fluorescent protein  -tagged @entity0 wild  -type @entity3 and @entity4 were sub  -cloned, and the mutants were generated by site  -directed mutagenesis. A novel mutation, @entity6 ( @entity7 ), in @entity3 and a known mutation, @entity8 ( @entity5 ), in @entity4 were identified. These mutations co  -segregated with all affected individuals in each family and were not observed in the unaffected family members or in unrelated controls. The results of the bioinformatics analysis indicated that the @entity2 at position 139 was highly conserved and that the @entity7 mutation was predicted to be damaging, as with @entity5 . Finally, overexpression of the two mutants revealed marked alterations, compared with the wild  -type proteins. These results extend the mutation spectrum of @entity3 and provides further evidence that the @entity5 mutation in @entity4 is a hot-spot mutation.

title: Mutation analysis of two families with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 is a common sensory impairment experienced by older @entity0 . Evidence shows that the use of hearing aids and/or @entity2 ( @entity2 ) can benefit those with a @entity1 but that historically the uptake and use of these technologies has remained relatively low compared with the number of @entity0 who report a @entity1 . PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, usage, and factors associated with the use of hearing aids and @entity2 in an older representative Australian population. RESEARCH DESIGN: A population-based survey. STUDY SAMPLE: A total of 2956 @entity0 out of 3914 eligible @entity0 between the ages of 49 and 99 yr (mean age 67.4 yr), living in the Blue Mountains, west of Sydney, completed a hearing study conducted from 1997 to 2003. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Hearing levels were assessed using pure tone audiometry, and subjects were administered a comprehensive hearing survey by audiologists, which included questions about hearing aid and @entity3 usage. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with hearing aid and @entity3 usage. RESULTS: Of the surveyed population, 33% had a @entity1 as measured in the better ear. 4.4% had used an @entity3 in the past 12 mo, and 11% owned a hearing aid. Of current hearing aid owners, 24% never used their aids. @entity3 and hearing aid usage were found to be associated with increasing age, @entity1 , and self-perceived @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that hearing aid ownership and @entity3 usage remains low in the older population. Given the significant proportion of older @entity0 who self-report and have a measured @entity1 , it is possible that more could be helped through the increased use of hearing aid and/or @entity3 technology. Greater efforts are needed to promote the benefits of these technologies and to support their use among older @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: Use of hearing AIDS and XXXX in an older Australian population.

answer: @entity2