abstract: The most common adult primary @entity5 , @entity3 ( @entity3 ), is characterized by fifteen months median @entity0 survival and has no clear etiology. We and others have identified the presence of @entity7 ) gene products endogenously expressed in @entity3 tissue and primary cells, with a subset of viral genes being consistently expressed in most samples. Among these viral genes, several have important oncomodulatory properties, regulating @entity1 stemness, proliferation, immune evasion, invasion and angiogenesis. These findings lead us to hypothesize that a specific HCMV gene signature may be associated with @entity3 pathogenesis. To investigate this hypothesis, we used @entity2 cell lines and @entity2 stem-like cells (GSC) infected with clinical and laboratory HCMV strains and measured relative viral gene expression levels along several time points up to 15 weeks post-infection. While HCMV gene expression was detected in several infected @entity2 lines through week 5 post-infection, only HCMV-infected GSC expressed viral gene products 15 weeks post-infection. Efficiency of infection across time was higher in GSC compared to cell lines. Importantly, HCMV-infected GSC outlived their uninfected counterparts, and this extended survival was paralleled by increased tumorsphere frequency and upregulation of stemness regulators, such as @entity8 , p- @entity6 , and @entity9 (a novel HCMV target identified in this study). @entity4 ( @entity4 ) treatment significantly upregulated HCMV gene expression in long-term infected @entity2 , suggesting that pro-inflammatory signaling in the @entity1 milieu may further augment HCMV gene expression and subsequent @entity1 progression driven by viral-induced cellular signaling. Together, our data support a critical role for long-term, low-level HCMV infection in promoting survival, stemness, and proliferation of GSC that could significantly contribute to @entity3 pathogenesis.

title: XXXX gene expression in long-term infected @entity2 stem cells.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity7 ), widely used as an organic solvent in the industry, is a common contaminant in air, soil, and water. Chronic @entity7 exposure induced @entity3 in @entity1 , and occupational exposure in @entity0 was suggested to be associated with @entity2 . To understand the role of non-genotoxic mechanism(s) for @entity7 action, we examined the gene expression and DNA methylation changes in the liver of B6C3F1 @entity1 orally administered with @entity7 (0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w. per day) for 5 days. After 5 days @entity7 treatment at a dose level of 1000 mg/kg b.w., a total of 431 differentially expressed genes were identified in @entity1 liver by microarray, of which 291 were up-regulated and 140 down-regulated. The expression changed genes were involved in key signal pathways including @entity5 , proliferation, apoptosis and homologous recombination. Notably, the expression level of a number of vital genes involved in the regulation of DNA methylation, such as Utrf1, @entity12 , @entity9 , @entity10 and @entity11 , were dysregulated. Although global DNA methylation change was not detected in the liver of @entity1 exposed to @entity7 , the promoter regions of @entity8 and Ihh were found to be hypo- and hypermethylated respectively, which correlated negatively with their mRNA expression changes. Furthermore, the gene expression and DNA methylation changes induced by @entity7 were dose dependent. The overall data indicate that @entity7 exposure leads to aberrant DNA methylation changes, which might alter the expression of genes involved in the @entity7 -induced @entity4 .

title: XXXX -Induced Gene Expression and DNA Methylation Changes in B6C3F1 @entity1 Liver.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity7 ), widely used as an organic solvent in the industry, is a common contaminant in air, soil, and water. Chronic @entity7 exposure induced @entity3 in @entity1 , and occupational exposure in @entity0 was suggested to be associated with @entity2 . To understand the role of non-genotoxic mechanism(s) for @entity7 action, we examined the gene expression and DNA methylation changes in the liver of B6C3F1 @entity1 orally administered with @entity7 (0, 100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg b.w. per day) for 5 days. After 5 days @entity7 treatment at a dose level of 1000 mg/kg b.w., a total of 431 differentially expressed genes were identified in @entity1 liver by microarray, of which 291 were up-regulated and 140 down-regulated. The expression changed genes were involved in key signal pathways including @entity5 , proliferation, apoptosis and homologous recombination. Notably, the expression level of a number of vital genes involved in the regulation of DNA methylation, such as Utrf1, @entity12 , @entity9 , @entity10 and @entity11 , were dysregulated. Although global DNA methylation change was not detected in the liver of @entity1 exposed to @entity7 , the promoter regions of @entity8 and Ihh were found to be hypo- and hypermethylated respectively, which correlated negatively with their mRNA expression changes. Furthermore, the gene expression and DNA methylation changes induced by @entity7 were dose dependent. The overall data indicate that @entity7 exposure leads to aberrant DNA methylation changes, which might alter the expression of genes involved in the @entity7 -induced @entity4 .

title: @entity6 -Induced Gene Expression and DNA Methylation Changes in B6C3F1 XXXX Liver.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity10 has been reported with lesions of the anterior and non-specific thalamic nuclei and mammilothalamic tract ( @entity4 ). These have been reported in the setting of arterial @entity7 and/or @entity3 . @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a rare cause of @entity9 . It occurs in the setting of oral contraceptive administration or pregnancy. Inherited @entity1 are documented risk factors. The most frequent being heterozygous factor V Leiden mutation. We report a single case of bilateral @entity7 due to cerebral vein and sinus @entity5 . Clinically the case manifested with @entity8 and @entity6 . Predisposing factor for @entity1 was a homozygous factor V Leiden mutation. The @entity0 was treated with anticoagulation and made a good recovery.

title: Neuropsychological manifestations in a case of bilateral XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) of @entity2 Grassi et Feletti, 1890 is a promising @entity0 vaccine candidate. However, antigenic variation is a major problem to design a universal @entity0 vaccine. Hence, detailed understanding of the pvama-1 gene polymorphism can provide conductive information on this potential vaccine component. Therefore, this study investigated the extent of genetic polymorphisms at domain I (DI), DII and partial DIII of AMA-1 among Iranian @entity2 isolates. Out of 107 blood samples, 92 were analysed based on the quality of the sequencing data. The sequences were classified into 53 haplotypes. @entity1 changes were observed at 31 positions that 17 were located at DI, 11 were at DII and the rest of them (3 positions) were at DIII. Thus, codon polymorphisms at DI were found to be higher than DII. Also, five of these polymorphic codons ( @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity8 ) were novel and have not been reported yet. Neutrality analysis by using the dN-dS difference (the difference between the rate of non-synonymous and synonymous mutations) showed a negative diversifying selection at DI, DII and across the length of both domains. The potential B-cell epitopes were found in 5 regions of the PvAMA-1 with 10 mutation sites ( @entity9 , @entity10 , @entity11 /K/D, @entity12 /E, @entity13 , @entity14 , @entity4 , @entity15 , @entity16 , @entity3 ), whereas only one mutation ( @entity17 ) has been detected in intrinsically unstructured/disordered regions. Fixation index (Fst) estimation between Iranian and Indian isolates (0.0131) indicated a significant low genetic differentiation. Distribution of the polymorphic sites and IURs mapped on a three dimensional structure of PvAMA-1 showed that these regions were located at two opposite faces of the molecule. In conclusion, the results have significant value in the design and development of a @entity0 vaccine based on this antigen.

title: Genetic diversity and effect of natural selection at apical membrane antigen-1 (AMA-1) among Iranian XXXX isolates.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity4 is a rare @entity1 that frequently manifests as a @entity5 . The disease usually progresses rapidly during the first and second decades of life but it is self-limiting and often regresses. Although few orthodontic case reports describing cherubic @entity0 exist, the timing and extent of surgical intervention is controversial. AIM: This present paper aims to review the treatment literature and provide a case report of a @entity0 who underwent orthodontic/surgical management. METHODS: The @entity0 presented with severe @entity4 in her late teenage years; her main complaint was poor facial and dental appearance. Multiple teeth were missing and those present demonstrated significant preoperative root resorption. Treatment consisted of orthodontic alignment of the @entity2 and a recontouring osteotomy. RESULTS: Confirmed by the @entity0 , the combination approach led to a significant improvement in facial aesthetics and better self-esteem. Tooth movement through the osseous lesions was uneventful and no further root resoption was observed. CONCLUSION: Orthodontic treatment may be undertaken in those affected by @entity4 even with pre-existing @entity3 , but @entity0 need to be appropriately informed and consented.

title: Orthodontic treatment in XXXX : an overview and a case report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objectives of this clinical study were to evaluate changes in @entity0 product use behavior and levels of selected biomarkers of exposure (BOEs) for smokers who switched to one of six conditions during clinical confinement: exclusive use of; @entity2 Snus, Sticks, Strips or Orbs, controlled Dual use of cigarettes and @entity2 Snus, or @entity0 abstinence. The controlled Dual use (DU) condition mandated a 60% reduction in cigarettes smoked per day (CPD). 167 healthy U.S. male and female smokers were randomized to the six groups (n=25-30/group). Subjects smoked their usual brand of cigarette for 1day prior to switching to their designated intervention condition. Levels of thirty-two BOEs in plasma, whole blood, urine and feces were determined before and after switching. Questionnaires that scored @entity1 dependence and withdrawal discomfort were also administered. After 5days, exclusive Snus, Sticks, Strips, or Orbs use averaged 6.1, 5.9, 13.5, and 8.5units/day, respectively. DU subjects smoked 7.6 CPD and used 3.2 Snus pouches/day, on average. After 5days, substantial reductions of most biomarkers, including @entity1 , were observed in all groups. Toxicant exposures were similar to being @entity0 abstinent after switching exclusively to @entity2 Snus, Sticks, Strips or Orbs. DU reductions were more modest.

title: Consumption patterns and biomarkers of exposure in cigarette smokers switched to Snus, various dissolvable XXXX products, Dual use, or @entity0 abstinence.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The objectives of this clinical study were to evaluate changes in @entity0 product use behavior and levels of selected biomarkers of exposure (BOEs) for smokers who switched to one of six conditions during clinical confinement: exclusive use of; @entity2 Snus, Sticks, Strips or Orbs, controlled Dual use of cigarettes and @entity2 Snus, or @entity0 abstinence. The controlled Dual use (DU) condition mandated a 60% reduction in cigarettes smoked per day (CPD). 167 healthy U.S. male and female smokers were randomized to the six groups (n=25-30/group). Subjects smoked their usual brand of cigarette for 1day prior to switching to their designated intervention condition. Levels of thirty-two BOEs in plasma, whole blood, urine and feces were determined before and after switching. Questionnaires that scored @entity1 dependence and withdrawal discomfort were also administered. After 5days, exclusive Snus, Sticks, Strips, or Orbs use averaged 6.1, 5.9, 13.5, and 8.5units/day, respectively. DU subjects smoked 7.6 CPD and used 3.2 Snus pouches/day, on average. After 5days, substantial reductions of most biomarkers, including @entity1 , were observed in all groups. Toxicant exposures were similar to being @entity0 abstinent after switching exclusively to @entity2 Snus, Sticks, Strips or Orbs. DU reductions were more modest.

title: Consumption patterns and biomarkers of exposure in cigarette smokers switched to Snus, various dissolvable @entity0 products, Dual use, or XXXX abstinence.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The adolescent and young adult (AYA) population is underserved because of unique late-effect issues, particularly future fertility. This study sought to establish rates of documentation of discussion of risk of @entity4 , fertility preservation (FP) options, and referrals to fertility specialists in AYA @entity1 ' medical records at four @entity2 centers. METHODS: All centers reviewed randomized records within the top four AYA disease sites (breast, @entity6 / @entity5 , @entity3 , and testicular). Eligible records included those of @entity1 : diagnosed in 2011, with no prior receipt of gonadotoxic therapy; age 18 to 45 years; with no multiple primary @entity2 ; and for whom record was not second opinion. Quality Oncology Practice Initiative methods were used to evaluate documentation of discussion of risk of @entity4 , discussion of FP options, and referral to a fertility specialist. RESULTS: Of 231 records, 26% documented @entity4 risk discussion, 24% documented FP option discussion, and 13% documented referral to a fertility specialist. Records were less likely to contain evidence of @entity4 risk and FP option discussions for female @entity1 (P = .030 and .004, respectively) and those with @entity0 (P = .021 and < .001, respectively). Records for Hispanic/Latino @entity1 were less likely to contain evidence of @entity4 risk discussion (P = .037). Records were less likely to document @entity4 risk discussion, FP option discussion, and fertility specialist referral for @entity1 age >=  40 years (P < .001, < .001, and .002, respectively) and those who already had @entity1 (all P < .001). CONCLUSION: The overall rate of documentation of discussion of FP is low, and results show disparities among specific groups. Although greater numbers of discussions may be occurring, there is a need to create interventions to improve documentation.

title: If You Did Not Document It, It Did Not Happen: Rates of Documentation of Discussion of Infertility Risk in Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology XXXX ' Medical Records.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the clinical and pathologic staging of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) after undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) and determine the impact of UCBD on recurrence and survival. METHODS: We reviewed our institutional database of @entity0 who underwent RC for @entity2 (1971-2009). Outcomes were compared between @entity0 with and without UCBD. Kaplan-Meier curves estimated @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Multivariable Cox regression evaluated associations between UCBD and survival. RESULTS: Inclusion criteria were met in 1991 @entity0 . UCBD was seen in 77 (4  %) @entity0 and occurred exclusively in @entity0 (mean age 68      8.5  years). The highest pathologic stage @entity1 was found in the @entity4 in 44 (57  %) of these @entity0 . Pathologic upstaging was more common with UCBD compared with @entity2 not in @entity4 (48 vs. 39  %, p  =  0.031). On univariate analysis, no differences in @entity3 or @entity3 were observed comparing @entity0 with or without UCBD stratified by clinically organ-confined ( <=T2) and extravesical (>T2) disease. On multivariable analysis, the presence of UCBD was not associated with differences in @entity3 (HR 0.92, 95  % CI 0.59-1.42, p  =  0.69) or @entity3 (HR 0.98, 95  % CI 0.74-1.31, p  =  0.92). CONCLUSION: Upstaging was common in @entity0 with UCBD, observed in almost half of the @entity0 . There were no differences in @entity3 or @entity3 after RC when comparing @entity0 with or without @entity2 in a diverticulum stratified by stage.

title: XXXX in @entity4 : outcomes after radical cystectomy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the clinical and pathologic staging of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) after undergoing radical cystectomy (RC) and determine the impact of UCBD on recurrence and survival. METHODS: We reviewed our institutional database of @entity0 who underwent RC for @entity2 (1971-2009). Outcomes were compared between @entity0 with and without UCBD. Kaplan-Meier curves estimated @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Multivariable Cox regression evaluated associations between UCBD and survival. RESULTS: Inclusion criteria were met in 1991 @entity0 . UCBD was seen in 77 (4  %) @entity0 and occurred exclusively in @entity0 (mean age 68      8.5  years). The highest pathologic stage @entity1 was found in the @entity4 in 44 (57  %) of these @entity0 . Pathologic upstaging was more common with UCBD compared with @entity2 not in @entity4 (48 vs. 39  %, p  =  0.031). On univariate analysis, no differences in @entity3 or @entity3 were observed comparing @entity0 with or without UCBD stratified by clinically organ-confined ( <=T2) and extravesical (>T2) disease. On multivariable analysis, the presence of UCBD was not associated with differences in @entity3 (HR 0.92, 95  % CI 0.59-1.42, p  =  0.69) or @entity3 (HR 0.98, 95  % CI 0.74-1.31, p  =  0.92). CONCLUSION: Upstaging was common in @entity0 with UCBD, observed in almost half of the @entity0 . There were no differences in @entity3 or @entity3 after RC when comparing @entity0 with or without @entity2 in a diverticulum stratified by stage.

title: @entity2 in XXXX : outcomes after radical cystectomy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Preterm premature rupture of membranes causes 40% of all preterm births, affecting 150000 @entity0 each year in the United States. Prenatal diagnostic procedures and surgical interventions increase incidence of adverse events, leading to iatrogenic membrane rupture after a fetoscopic procedure in 45% of cases. We propose an ultrathin, self-adherent, poly-L-lactic acid patch ("nanofilm") as a reparative wound closure after endoscopic/fetoscopic procedures. These nanofilms are compatible with application in wet conditions and with minimally invasive instrumentation. Ex vivo studies to evaluate the nanofilm were conducted using @entity0 chorion-amnion (CA) membranes. A custom-built inflation device was used for mechanical characterization of CA membranes and for assessment of nanofilm adhesion and sealing of membrane defects up to 3  mm in size. These ex vivo tests demonstrated the ability of the nanofilm to seal @entity0 @entity2 ranging in size from 1 to 3  mm in diameter. In vivo survival studies were conducted in 25 mid-gestational @entity1 , defects were created by perforating the uterus and the CA membranes and subsequently using the nanofilm to seal these wounds. These in vivo studies confirmed the successful sealing of defects smaller than 3  mm observed ex vivo. Histological analysis of whole harvested uteri 7  days after surgery showed intact uterine walls in 59% of the nanofilm repaired fetuses, along with increased uterine size and intrauterine development in 63% of the cases. In summary, we have developed an ultrathin, self-adhesive nanofilm for repair of uterine membrane defects.

title: Repairing Fetal Membranes with a Self-adhesive Ultrathin Polymeric Film: Evaluation in Mid-gestational XXXX Model.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In cases of advanced @entity1 with @entity2 in high-risk @entity0 , the possibility of performing a laparoscopic instead of an open cutaneous ureterostomy should be considered. We performed laparoscopic cutaneous ureterostomy in three male @entity0 , two with @entity4 and one with @entity3 , and in one female @entity0 with uterine @entity1 . Five operative ports were used. The ureters were identified, dissected, severed, and passed through two 10-mm ports; and cutaneous ureterostomies were performed in the usual manner. The mean operative time was 96 minutes. @entity0 were discharged after 5 to 7 (mean 6) days. The two @entity0 with @entity4 are now in treatment with @entity5 analogues with a follow-up of 3 and 7 months. The @entity0 with @entity3 underwent palliative radiotherapy and is well after 6 months. The @entity0 with uterine @entity1 has stable disease after 3 months. Laparoscopic urinary diversion causes less discomfort and has a low complication rate and may be the first-choice diversion in @entity0 with @entity1 who have a life expectancy longer than 6 months.

title: Laparoscopic bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy for palliation of ureteral obstruction caused by advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: To better understand the role of insulin-related growth factors in neural development, we have characterized by in situ hybridization in @entity0 embryonic retina the patterns of gene expression for insulin, insulin-like growth factor I ( @entity1 ), their respective receptors and the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) from early stages (E6) until late stages (E18)--an analysis not performed yet in any species. In addition, we studied the effect of insulin and @entity1 on cultured neuroepithelial cells. @entity4 mRNA and @entity3 mRNA were both present and showed a similar, widespread pattern throughout retina development. Insulin mRNA could be detected only by reverse transcription coupled to polymerase chain reaction. @entity1 mRNA was concentrated in the ciliary processes and extraocular muscles early in development (embryonic day 6; E6) and in maturing retinal ganglion cells subsequently (E9-15). @entity2 mRNA was preferentially localized in the more differentiated central retinal zone and was maximally concentrated in the inner nuclear and ganglion cell layers at E9. These findings suggest a near constitutive expression of @entity4 and @entity1 receptor genes, while @entity1 and @entity2 showed a highly focal spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression. Insulin and @entity1 , already at 10(-8) M, increased the proportion of PM1-positive neuroepithelial cells found in E5 retinal cultures without affecting significantly the total number of proliferating cells. Together, these data support the finding that, during early neurogenesis in @entity0 retina, insulin and @entity1 have a specific paracrine/autocrine action. This action, as well as possible effects elicited subsequently, may be dictated by restricted-local synthesis of the ligands and limited access to the factors contained in the vitreous humour. In the case of IGF's role, local IGFBPs expression can contribute to the fine modulation.

title: Insulin and insulin-like growth factor system components gene expression in the XXXX retina from early neurogenesis until late development and their effect on neuroepithelial cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Using @entity4 -labelled cRNA probes, relationships between morphological characteristics and in situ hybridization for cytokeratin (CK)-mRNAs were analysed in cases of @entity2 of variable differentiation and in balloon-cell formation within the oesophageal mucosa. The present results were correlated to our previous findings on normal oesophageal epithelium. Our results from in situ hybridization study on oesophageal @entity2 provide strong evidence that changes in CK expression occur with differences in malignant potential. Cells of poorly differentiated @entity0 lose an ability to produce CK-mRNAs characteristic of their normal progenitor cells. Moderately differentiated and, still more pronounced, well differentiated @entity0 cells retain an ability to produce CKs characteristic of their tissue of origin (CK 6, @entity7 , @entity10 and @entity6 ). Furthermore, well differentiated @entity0 cells may also gain an ability to synthesize new types of CKs that are not characteristic of the normal oesophageal epithelium ( @entity11 and @entity5 characteristic of most simple epithelia, and @entity8 characteristic of keratinizing epithelia). Moreover, some oesophageal CK-genes are expressed in an obviously higher amount (CK 6, @entity7 , and @entity6 ), but the expression of genes coding for the oesophageal differentiation-related CKs ( @entity12 and @entity9 ) is obviously decreased or apparently lost. At the interface zone, observed in sections of well differentiated @entity0 , @entity11 and @entity5 mRNA were expressed in intermediate cell layers, and the centrally located cell layers were found positive for @entity8 mRNA. These findings largely extend the existing results from immunoblotting and immunohistochemical studies. The reduced or non-detectable expression of oesophageal differentiation-related CK-mRNAs ( @entity1 ) on the appearance of balloon cells, suggests molecular changes that may be a marker for pathological progression. In addition, the abundant expression of CK 6 and @entity7 mRNA within areas of balloon-cell formation showing @entity3 , and the higher expression of @entity6 in comparison with normal epithelium, points rather to de-differentiation than to normal vertical differentiation of the oesophageal epithelium. Whether CK-mRNAs can be used as biomarkers for evaluation of oesophageal pathologies remains to be further elucidated.

title: Expression of cytokeratin-mRNAs in XXXX and balloon-cell formation of human oesophageal epithelium.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The drivers of conventional and, especially, alternative health care use for @entity6 and functional @entity7 are not clear. AIM: To determine the predictors of conventional and alternative health care use for @entity6 and functional @entity7 . METHODS: Two hundred and seven subjects with @entity6 or functional @entity7 , identified from a previous population survey, were included in the study. Individuals with @entity6 were defined as consulters (n = 103) if they had visited their doctor for @entity4 more than once in the past year. Controls (n = 100) did not report having any @entity5 . Subjects were given structured interviews to assess the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual - version IV (DSM-IV) and International Classification of Disorders - version 10 (ICD-10) @entity1 diagnosis for @entity2 , @entity3 , somatization or any @entity1 diagnosis, aspects of health care use and symptom factors. RESULTS: About one-half (n = 103, 49.8%) of community subjects with @entity6 had sought conventional care for @entity4 in the past 12 months. Lifetime rates for alternative health care use for @entity4 were 20.8% (n = 43). Independent predictors of conventional health care use were more frequent @entity5 , greater interference of @entity4 with work and activities and a greater satisfaction with the physician- @entity0 relationship. Being female independently predicted alternative health care use. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological morbidity did not predict conventional or alternative health care use for @entity4 . Other factors were more important.

title: Predictors of conventional and alternative health care seeking for XXXX and functional @entity7 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: The drivers of conventional and, especially, alternative health care use for @entity6 and functional @entity7 are not clear. AIM: To determine the predictors of conventional and alternative health care use for @entity6 and functional @entity7 . METHODS: Two hundred and seven subjects with @entity6 or functional @entity7 , identified from a previous population survey, were included in the study. Individuals with @entity6 were defined as consulters (n = 103) if they had visited their doctor for @entity4 more than once in the past year. Controls (n = 100) did not report having any @entity5 . Subjects were given structured interviews to assess the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual - version IV (DSM-IV) and International Classification of Disorders - version 10 (ICD-10) @entity1 diagnosis for @entity2 , @entity3 , somatization or any @entity1 diagnosis, aspects of health care use and symptom factors. RESULTS: About one-half (n = 103, 49.8%) of community subjects with @entity6 had sought conventional care for @entity4 in the past 12 months. Lifetime rates for alternative health care use for @entity4 were 20.8% (n = 43). Independent predictors of conventional health care use were more frequent @entity5 , greater interference of @entity4 with work and activities and a greater satisfaction with the physician- @entity0 relationship. Being female independently predicted alternative health care use. CONCLUSIONS: Psychological morbidity did not predict conventional or alternative health care use for @entity4 . Other factors were more important.

title: Predictors of conventional and alternative health care seeking for @entity6 and functional XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is common in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 and has a direct impact on well-being and mortality. AIM: To test the hypothesis that @entity3 can promote @entity2 and lean body mass in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 . METHODS: In an open-label study, 11 @entity0 with non-obstructing and inoperable @entity1 were established on an isocaloric diet for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks on @entity3 , 200 mg daily. The primary end-points were weight change and lean body mass. Secondary end-points were quality of life and changes in resting energy expenditure. RESULTS: Ten @entity0 completed the study protocol. The average caloric intake remained the same throughout the study period in all @entity0 . Nine of 10 @entity0 (95% confidence interval, 0.60, 0.98) lost weight on diet alone. The mean @entity2 on @entity3 in the following 2 weeks was 1.29 kg (median, 1.25 kg). A similar trend was shown in the lean body mass. Eight of nine @entity0 (95% confidence interval, 0.57, 0.98) initially lost lean body mass on diet alone (missing data in one @entity0 ). The mean gain in lean body mass on @entity3 in the following 2 weeks was 1.75 kg (median, 1.33 kg). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 treatment appeared to reverse the loss of weight and lean body mass over the 2-week trial period.

title: @entity1 and @entity4 : the effect of short-term treatment with XXXX on weight loss and lean body mass.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is common in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 and has a direct impact on well-being and mortality. AIM: To test the hypothesis that @entity3 can promote @entity2 and lean body mass in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 . METHODS: In an open-label study, 11 @entity0 with non-obstructing and inoperable @entity1 were established on an isocaloric diet for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks on @entity3 , 200 mg daily. The primary end-points were weight change and lean body mass. Secondary end-points were quality of life and changes in resting energy expenditure. RESULTS: Ten @entity0 completed the study protocol. The average caloric intake remained the same throughout the study period in all @entity0 . Nine of 10 @entity0 (95% confidence interval, 0.60, 0.98) lost weight on diet alone. The mean @entity2 on @entity3 in the following 2 weeks was 1.29 kg (median, 1.25 kg). A similar trend was shown in the lean body mass. Eight of nine @entity0 (95% confidence interval, 0.57, 0.98) initially lost lean body mass on diet alone (missing data in one @entity0 ). The mean gain in lean body mass on @entity3 in the following 2 weeks was 1.75 kg (median, 1.33 kg). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 treatment appeared to reverse the loss of weight and lean body mass over the 2-week trial period.

title: @entity1 and XXXX : the effect of short-term treatment with @entity3 on weight loss and lean body mass.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is common in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 and has a direct impact on well-being and mortality. AIM: To test the hypothesis that @entity3 can promote @entity2 and lean body mass in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 . METHODS: In an open-label study, 11 @entity0 with non-obstructing and inoperable @entity1 were established on an isocaloric diet for 2 weeks, followed by 2 weeks on @entity3 , 200 mg daily. The primary end-points were weight change and lean body mass. Secondary end-points were quality of life and changes in resting energy expenditure. RESULTS: Ten @entity0 completed the study protocol. The average caloric intake remained the same throughout the study period in all @entity0 . Nine of 10 @entity0 (95% confidence interval, 0.60, 0.98) lost weight on diet alone. The mean @entity2 on @entity3 in the following 2 weeks was 1.29 kg (median, 1.25 kg). A similar trend was shown in the lean body mass. Eight of nine @entity0 (95% confidence interval, 0.57, 0.98) initially lost lean body mass on diet alone (missing data in one @entity0 ). The mean gain in lean body mass on @entity3 in the following 2 weeks was 1.75 kg (median, 1.33 kg). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 treatment appeared to reverse the loss of weight and lean body mass over the 2-week trial period.

title: XXXX and @entity4 : the effect of short-term treatment with @entity3 on weight loss and lean body mass.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Wide-angle X-ray-diffraction experiments were used to investigate the molecular organization of barrier components of @entity0 stratum corneum. Diffraction lines related to the side-by-side lipid packing arrangements in the intercellular bilayers were identified as were patterns arising from secondary protein structures in intracellular keratin. Reflections were also identified which may be produced by proteins in the corneocyte envelopes. The effects of hydration on stratum corneum structure were monitored using 0, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 and approximately 300% hydrated samples. The packing arrangements in the intercellular lipid bilayers remained the same over the entire hydration range, as did keratin structures. A new diffraction ring, attributable to liquid water, was produced by 300% hydrated samples with a repeat spacing of 0.35 to 0.30-0.29 nm. The effects of three @entity4 enhancers, @entity2 , @entity6 and @entity5 , on stratum corneum structure were monitored. Treatment with each of the @entity3 produced additional reflections which were attributed to the presence of the respective liquid enhancers within the stratum corneum. @entity2 produced an additional reflection at 0.503-0.489 nm, @entity6 , an additional reflection at 0.486-0.471 nm and @entity5 , an intense reflection at 0.583-0.578 nm. Reflections characteristic of gel-phase lipids and crystalline lipids also remained after all @entity4 treatments. These results provide no clear evidence of lipid bilayer disruption by the @entity3 and suggest that areas of liquid @entity4 exist within the stratum corneum. The mechanisms underlying @entity1 synergy with @entity4 enhancers were investigated. Treatment of stratum corneum with each @entity4 mixed with @entity1 gave rise to two additional reflections. One reflection, always positioned at 0.452-0.448 nm, had been observed in control studies following @entity1 treatment and may have been associated with bilayer structures disrupted by @entity1 or altered keratin structures. The second reflection was developed by the respective @entity4 enhancer. For example, treatment with a @entity5 / @entity1 mixture produced reflections at 0.457-0.451 nm ( @entity1 -disrupted lipids or altered keratin) and 0.591-0.578 nm (liquid @entity5 ). Since the reflection at 0.452-0.448 nm was unaffected by co-application of @entity1 with @entity4 enhancers, this study offers no evidence to support the theory that @entity1 synergy with the @entity3 occurs through enhanced lipid disruption.

title: Wide-angle X-ray diffraction of @entity0 stratum corneum: effects of hydration and XXXX enhancer treatment.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Wide-angle X-ray-diffraction experiments were used to investigate the molecular organization of barrier components of @entity0 stratum corneum. Diffraction lines related to the side-by-side lipid packing arrangements in the intercellular bilayers were identified as were patterns arising from secondary protein structures in intracellular keratin. Reflections were also identified which may be produced by proteins in the corneocyte envelopes. The effects of hydration on stratum corneum structure were monitored using 0, 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 and approximately 300% hydrated samples. The packing arrangements in the intercellular lipid bilayers remained the same over the entire hydration range, as did keratin structures. A new diffraction ring, attributable to liquid water, was produced by 300% hydrated samples with a repeat spacing of 0.35 to 0.30-0.29 nm. The effects of three @entity4 enhancers, @entity2 , @entity6 and @entity5 , on stratum corneum structure were monitored. Treatment with each of the @entity3 produced additional reflections which were attributed to the presence of the respective liquid enhancers within the stratum corneum. @entity2 produced an additional reflection at 0.503-0.489 nm, @entity6 , an additional reflection at 0.486-0.471 nm and @entity5 , an intense reflection at 0.583-0.578 nm. Reflections characteristic of gel-phase lipids and crystalline lipids also remained after all @entity4 treatments. These results provide no clear evidence of lipid bilayer disruption by the @entity3 and suggest that areas of liquid @entity4 exist within the stratum corneum. The mechanisms underlying @entity1 synergy with @entity4 enhancers were investigated. Treatment of stratum corneum with each @entity4 mixed with @entity1 gave rise to two additional reflections. One reflection, always positioned at 0.452-0.448 nm, had been observed in control studies following @entity1 treatment and may have been associated with bilayer structures disrupted by @entity1 or altered keratin structures. The second reflection was developed by the respective @entity4 enhancer. For example, treatment with a @entity5 / @entity1 mixture produced reflections at 0.457-0.451 nm ( @entity1 -disrupted lipids or altered keratin) and 0.591-0.578 nm (liquid @entity5 ). Since the reflection at 0.452-0.448 nm was unaffected by co-application of @entity1 with @entity4 enhancers, this study offers no evidence to support the theory that @entity1 synergy with the @entity3 occurs through enhanced lipid disruption.

title: Wide-angle X-ray diffraction of XXXX stratum corneum: effects of hydration and @entity4 enhancer treatment.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Readmission to the hospital following a @entity2 is common, often involves an adverse event, and strains an already overburdened health care system. OBJECTIVES: To assess the rate of 30-day readmission to the hospital after discharge for care of @entity2 . A secondary objective was measurement of the 30-day mortality rate for those @entity0 readmitted versus those @entity0 not readmitted to the hospital after discharge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Study design was a retrospective review of registry data comparing readmitted @entity0 to those not readmitted after @entity2 . Setting was a university affiliated level 3 @entity1 center. @entity0 : 1,081 @entity0 aged 65 and older. Measurements: rate of readmission, rate of mortality, predictors of readmission. RESULTS: 129 @entity0 (11.9  %) were readmitted to the hospital within 30  days of their initial discharge date. The primary causes of readmission were surgical in nature for 24/129 (18.6  %) @entity0 and 105/129 (81.4  %) were readmitted for medical or other reasons. Twenty-four (18.6  %) @entity0 who were readmitted died during readmission. The one-year mortality rate for @entity0 readmitted within 30  days was 56.2 vs. a 21.8  % 1-year mortality rate for those @entity0 not readmitted (p  <  0.0001). Independent predictors of readmission were age >85 (OR  =  1.52; p  =  0.03), time to surgery >24  h (OR  =  1.50; p  =  0.05), Charlson score >= 4 (OR  =  1.70; p  =  0.04), @entity4 (OR  =  1.65; p  =  0.01), @entity3 (OR  =  1.61; p  =  0.01), history of @entity5 with pacemaker placement (OR  =  1.75; p  =  0.02), and presence of a pre-op @entity5 (OR  =  1.62; p  =  0.02). CONCLUSION: Readmission after @entity2 is harmful and undesirable-18.6  % of readmitted @entity0 died during their readmission and the average length of stay was 8.7  days. Approximately one of every six readmissions was identified as potentially preventable with interventions.

title: Hospital readmission after XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is accompanied by an influx of activated phagocytes into distal airways. These cells release @entity3 , which may evaporate from the airways surface and be detected in expired breath condensate. We tested whether @entity0 with @entity4 exhale more @entity3 than healthy subjects and whether breath condensate @entity3 levels correlate with some clinical parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity3 was measured fluorimetrically in the expired breath condensate of 27 @entity0 (22 @entity0 , five @entity0 , mean age 49 +/- 13.1 years) with @entity4 and 27 age- and sex- matched healthy controls. RESULTS: Exhaled @entity3 levels were 3.5-fold higher (0.88 +/- 0.62 microM vs. 0.25 +/- 0.17 microM, P < 0.001) in the @entity0 with @entity4 than in the controls. Treatment with @entity5 and/or @entity2 (29 +/- 50 months, range 3-168 months) did not significantly decrease @entity3 exhalation (0.78 +/- 0.50 microM, n= 10 vs. 0.94 +/- 0.67 microM, n= 17, P > 0.05). No significant difference was found between @entity0 with limited and @entity6 (1.03 +/- 0.69 microM, n= 17 vs. 0.63 +/- 0.41 microM, n= 10, P > 0.05). @entity3 levels correlated with disease duration (r = 0.38, P < 0.05) and time from the first Raynaud's episode (r = 0.44, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity4 exhale more @entity3 than healthy controls, suggesting involvement of reactive @entity1 species in disease processes. Lack of significant intergroups differences in @entity3 levels may have resulted from the small number of @entity0 analyzed.

title: Elevated exhalation of hydrogen peroxide in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is accompanied by an influx of activated phagocytes into distal airways. These cells release @entity3 , which may evaporate from the airways surface and be detected in expired breath condensate. We tested whether @entity0 with @entity4 exhale more @entity3 than healthy subjects and whether breath condensate @entity3 levels correlate with some clinical parameters. MATERIAL AND METHODS: @entity3 was measured fluorimetrically in the expired breath condensate of 27 @entity0 (22 @entity0 , five @entity0 , mean age 49 +/- 13.1 years) with @entity4 and 27 age- and sex- matched healthy controls. RESULTS: Exhaled @entity3 levels were 3.5-fold higher (0.88 +/- 0.62 microM vs. 0.25 +/- 0.17 microM, P < 0.001) in the @entity0 with @entity4 than in the controls. Treatment with @entity5 and/or @entity2 (29 +/- 50 months, range 3-168 months) did not significantly decrease @entity3 exhalation (0.78 +/- 0.50 microM, n= 10 vs. 0.94 +/- 0.67 microM, n= 17, P > 0.05). No significant difference was found between @entity0 with limited and @entity6 (1.03 +/- 0.69 microM, n= 17 vs. 0.63 +/- 0.41 microM, n= 10, P > 0.05). @entity3 levels correlated with disease duration (r = 0.38, P < 0.05) and time from the first Raynaud's episode (r = 0.44, P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity4 exhale more @entity3 than healthy controls, suggesting involvement of reactive @entity1 species in disease processes. Lack of significant intergroups differences in @entity3 levels may have resulted from the small number of @entity0 analyzed.

title: Elevated exhalation of hydrogen peroxide in XXXX with @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection is increasing in popularity, in the absence of validated surgical indications. This retrospective study was performed to identify those @entity0 who would benefit from laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy. The case notes of 50 @entity0 who underwent bilateral open pelvic lymphadenectomy with frozen section examination were reviewed. The @entity0 were staged clinically as having A2 (16), B1 (20) and B2 (14) @entity3 . Except for the two @entity0 who had macroscopically involved pelvic lymph nodes at operation, all proceeded to total prostatectomy. Six @entity0 were found to have positive pelvic nodes. Of the six, four @entity0 were clinical stage B2, one was B1 and one was A2. The Gleason score of two of these six @entity0 was greater than seven. The @entity4 (PSA) levels correlated more with high @entity1 volume (i.e. grade C) rather than with D1 disease. Frozen section at the time of lymphadenectomy had a false negative rate of 2 of 6. We conclude that laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissections (LPLND) should be performed where there is a high likelihood of @entity2 , @entity1 , poorly differentiated histology and a high PSA reading. We consider that such selective use of LPLND optimizes its diagnostic utility while minimizing its unnecessary application.

title: Indications for laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection in the staging of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity4 rarely occur in childhood and adolescence, but their mass effect and endocrine abnormalities can compromise both quality and length of life. In this study we evaluated the symptoms at onset and the long-term consequences induced in teenagers by functioning or nonfunctioning @entity4 . DESIGN AND @entity0 : Clinical, biochemical and neuroradiological data of 44 young @entity0 (12 males and 32 females, aged 16.3 +/- 1.9 years at diagnosis) with @entity4 were evaluated retrospectively at baseline and after therapy. @entity0 underwent surgery, radiotherapy and/or medical treatment depending on clinical history and endocrine secretion of the @entity1 . Follow-up ranged from 8 to 252 months (median 55 months). MEASUREMENTS: Baseline and dynamic pituitary function were evaluated in all cases at diagnosis and after treatments. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scan were performed before therapy and during follow-up. Hormone levels were measured using commercial radioimmunologic or immunoradiometric methods. RESULTS: Pituitary macroadenomas (group 1) or microadenomas (group 2) were found in 61% and 39% of cases, respectively. Overall, 68% were @entity6 -secreting, 7% GH-secreting, 5% ACTH-secreting and 20% nonfunctioning. The most frequent symptoms at onset were oligoamenorrhoea (62%) and @entity8 (59%) in the @entity0 , and @entity2 (58%) in the @entity0 . Pubertal development was delayed in 12/27 (44%) cases with macroadenoma. @entity3 was observed in 4/44 (9%) @entity0 (3 in group 1 and 1 in group 2). At diagnosis, @entity7 was detected in 10/27 (37%) @entity0 with macroadenoma. Surgery alone cured 4/18 (22%) and 4/9 (44%) @entity0 in group 1 and group 2, respectively. Adjuvant therapies (second surgery and/or radiotherapy and/or medical treatment) cured the disease in 2/13 (15%) @entity0 with macroadenoma and allowed a persistent normalization in other 4/13 (31%) and 2/4 (50%) cases in group 1 and group 2, respectively. Medical treatment alone cured 2/9 (22%) @entity0 with @entity6 -secreting macroadenoma and normalized @entity6 levels in another six (66%) with @entity5 and in 2/7 (28%) @entity0 with @entity5 . CONCLUSION: Delay of growth was rarely observed in teenagers with @entity4 . At the onset of the disease, many @entity0 complained of oligoamenorrhoea and @entity8 , while @entity2 and delay of pubertal development were the symptoms more frequently referred by @entity0 . Surgery alone was effective in a minority of @entity0 and adjuvant therapies were helpful to obtain the remission of the disease in many cases. In @entity0 with @entity6 -secreting @entity4 , medical treatment, both as first choice or as adjuvant therapy, normalizes serum @entity6 levels in 14/27 (52%) cases.

title: Clinical presentation and outcome of XXXX in teenagers.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study describes clinical experience and curative effect of radiophotographically controlled nasointestinal intubation in the treatment of small intestine arrangement in recurrent @entity1 . A 300-cm-long nasointestinal tube was installed into the jejunum through the nasal cavity under radiophotographic observation in 25 @entity0 with recurrent @entity1 . The tube was advanced into the ileum by enterokinesia to relieve @entity2 and conduct small bowel arrangement. Duration of tube installation was 13      11  min (range of 9-36  min). The success rate was 88  %. In 3 @entity0 , assistance by a gastroscope was required. Twenty-one out of 25 @entity0 were cured, making the cure rate of 84  %. The time for intestinal arrangement was 18.5      3  days. The @entity0 were followed up for 6  months to 2  years; there was 1 case of recurrence, while other @entity0 recovered smoothly with no recurrence. A non-surgical nasointestinal intubation under radiophotography is a simple, safe, and effective management with few complications and beneficial outcome in recurrent @entity1 .

title: Radiophotographically Controlled Nasointestinal Intubation to Treat Recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct an economic evaluation of @entity8 and @entity7 compared with high-dose @entity5 or @entity6 with and without @entity2 for @entity0 with symptomatic @entity4 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: A decision analysis model was designed over 6 months using two measures of effectiveness: 1) number of upper gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events averted; and 2) number of @entity0 who achieved perceptible @entity1 relief. Separate analyses were conducted for all @entity0 and for those who did not respond to @entity5 . Outcome probabilities were obtained from a comprehensive review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Costs were derived from actual resource utilization of @entity3 @entity0 . RESULTS: In terms of averting GI events, @entity5 dominates the other options for an average risk @entity0 population. For @entity0 who did not respond to @entity5 , @entity8 had the lowest incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per GI event avoided (32,000 US dollars) relative to @entity6 . In terms of @entity1 control, @entity6 had an ICER of 610.77 US dollars per additional @entity0 achieving minimal perceptible clinical improvement (MPCI) relative to @entity5 , while @entity8 had an ICER of 12,000 US dollars relative to @entity6 . For @entity0 who did not respond to @entity5 and who are at high risk of developing an adverse GI event, @entity8 dominates @entity6 as the preferred alternative for both measures of effectiveness. One-way, two-way, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses established that these results were generally robust. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that for average-risk knee @entity3 @entity0 , @entity5 dominates the other therapies in terms of cost per GI event averted. In terms of @entity1 relief, cost-effectiveness acceptability curves indicate that if one @entity1 relief below 275 US dollars per @entity0 achieving MPCI, @entity5 is the therapy most likely to be optimal; between 275 US dollars and 14,150 US dollars, @entity6 is most likely to be optimal; and above 14,150 US dollars, @entity8 is most likely to be optimal.

title: The cost-effectiveness of @entity5 , NSAIDs, and selective COX-2 inhibitors in the treatment of symptomatic XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to conduct an economic evaluation of @entity8 and @entity7 compared with high-dose @entity5 or @entity6 with and without @entity2 for @entity0 with symptomatic @entity4 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: A decision analysis model was designed over 6 months using two measures of effectiveness: 1) number of upper gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events averted; and 2) number of @entity0 who achieved perceptible @entity1 relief. Separate analyses were conducted for all @entity0 and for those who did not respond to @entity5 . Outcome probabilities were obtained from a comprehensive review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Costs were derived from actual resource utilization of @entity3 @entity0 . RESULTS: In terms of averting GI events, @entity5 dominates the other options for an average risk @entity0 population. For @entity0 who did not respond to @entity5 , @entity8 had the lowest incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per GI event avoided (32,000 US dollars) relative to @entity6 . In terms of @entity1 control, @entity6 had an ICER of 610.77 US dollars per additional @entity0 achieving minimal perceptible clinical improvement (MPCI) relative to @entity5 , while @entity8 had an ICER of 12,000 US dollars relative to @entity6 . For @entity0 who did not respond to @entity5 and who are at high risk of developing an adverse GI event, @entity8 dominates @entity6 as the preferred alternative for both measures of effectiveness. One-way, two-way, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses established that these results were generally robust. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that for average-risk knee @entity3 @entity0 , @entity5 dominates the other therapies in terms of cost per GI event averted. In terms of @entity1 relief, cost-effectiveness acceptability curves indicate that if one @entity1 relief below 275 US dollars per @entity0 achieving MPCI, @entity5 is the therapy most likely to be optimal; between 275 US dollars and 14,150 US dollars, @entity6 is most likely to be optimal; and above 14,150 US dollars, @entity8 is most likely to be optimal.

title: The cost-effectiveness of XXXX , NSAIDs, and selective COX-2 inhibitors in the treatment of symptomatic @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is a mucosa-associated epithelial-cell-produced chemokine involved in oral defense. We assessed the level of @entity1 in saliva of primary Sj  gren's syndrome (pSS) @entity0 in comparison with healthy controls and correlated it with IgA salivary levels. We included 30 non-smoker pSS @entity0 and 30 non-smoker healthy controls paired by age (  5  years). Saliva samples were collected during the morning and kept frozen at -86    C until the analysis. Fifty microliters of saliva was diluted 3:1 with water and analyzed for @entity1 salivary levels by ELISA method. The samples were tested in triplicate. IgA salivary levels were tested by ELISA method. We used descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U test and Kendall's tau correlation coefficients. pSS @entity0 were mostly females (93.3  %), mean age 54.5      13.3  years and median disease duration of 7.6  years (0.5-33). @entity0 with pSS had lower levels of salivary @entity1 when compared with controls [0 (0-1,272  pg/ml) vs. 94.4 (0-5,810) pg/ml, p  <  0.0001]. pSS @entity0 also had lower median levels of salivary IgA [72.55   g/ml (0.40-297.4)] than controls [131.9   g/ml (6.8-281.8)], although the latter results did not reach statistical significance (p  =  0.51). Among the SS group, there was no correlation between @entity1 and IgA salivary levels nor between salivary IgA and disease duration, salivary flow, serum immunoglobulins or dental loss. @entity1 was absent in saliva of pSS @entity0 ; however, this finding did not correlate with salivary IgA levels.

title: Absence of salivary XXXX in primary Sj  gren's syndrome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Genomic studies developed to understand @entity3 @entity1 and pathogenesis have often lead to conflicting results. This is linked to various factors, including differences in cohort design and selection, the numbers of @entity0 involved, the influence of population substructure, the ethnic origins of the @entity0 , and phenotypic definition. These difficulties in the interpretation of results are examined through published studies on the role of polymorphisms in HLA and the chemokine receptors genes in @entity2 . Our analysis suggests that the use of haplotypes will strengthen the results obtained in a given cohort, and meta-analysis including multiple cohorts to gather large-enough numbers of @entity0 should also allow clarification of the genetic associations observed. A P-value of 0.001 appears to be a good compromise for significance on candidate genes in a genetic study. Due to the generally limited size of available cohorts, results will have to be validated in other cohorts. We developed a model to fit transversal case studies (extreme case-control studies) with longitudinal cohorts (all-stages @entity0 ) for observations on two gene polymorphisms of @entity4 and @entity5 . Interestingly, we observe a protective effect for the @entity4 - @entity6 mutant allele in 95% of the simulations based on that model when using a population of 600 subjects; however, when using populations of 250 subjects we find a significant protection in only 59% of the simulations. Our model gives thus an explanation for the discrepancies observed in the various genomic studies published in @entity2 on @entity4 - @entity6 and other gene polymorphisms: they result from statistical fluctuations due to a lack of power. The sizes of most seroconverter cohorts presently available seem thus insufficient since they include less than a few hundred subjects. This result underlines the power and usefulness of the transversal studies involving extreme @entity0 and their complementarity to longitudinal studies involving seroconverter cohorts. The transposition approach of extreme case-control data into longitudinal analysis should prove useful not only in @entity2 but also in other diseases induced by chronic exposure to a foreign agent or with chronic clinical manifestations.

title: Genomic studies in XXXX : problems and answers. Development of a statistical model integrating both longitudinal cohort studies and transversal observations of extreme cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the variation of soy product intake in 10 European countries by using a standardised reference dietary method. A subsidiary aim was to characterise the pattern of soy consumption among a sub-group of @entity0 with a @entity2 ( @entity2 ), i.e. non-meat eaters who are fish eaters, vegetarians and vegans. DESIGN: A 24-hour dietary recall interview (24-HDR) was conducted among a sample (5-12%) of all cohorts in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity1 and Nutrition (EPIC). Study @entity0 totalled 35 955 after exclusion of subjects younger than 35 or older than 74 years of age. Soy products were subdivided into seven sub-groups by similarity. Distribution of consumption and crude and adjusted means of intake were computed per soy product group across countries. Intake of soy products was also investigated among @entity0 with an @entity2 . RESULTS: In total, 195 @entity0 and 486 @entity0 reported consuming soy products in the 24-HDR interview. Although soy product intake was generally low across all countries, the highest intake level was observed in the UK, due to over-sampling of a large number of @entity0 with an @entity2 . The most frequently consumed soy foods were dairy substitutes in the UK and France and beans and sprouts among mid-European countries. For both genders, the sub-group of soy dairy substitutes was consumed in the highest quantities (1.2 g day-1 for @entity0 ; 1.9 g day-1 for @entity0 ). @entity0 with an @entity2 differed substantially from others with regard to demographic, anthropometric and nutritional factors. They consumed higher quantities of almost all soy product groups. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of soy products is low in centres in Western Europe. Soy dairy substitutes are most frequently consumed. @entity0 with an @entity2 form a distinct sub-group with higher consumptions of fruit, vegetables, legumes, cereals and soy products compared with the other @entity0 .

title: Soy product consumption in 10 European countries: the European Prospective Investigation into XXXX and Nutrition (EPIC) study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To describe and compare the consumption of dairy products in cohorts included in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity1 and Nutrition (EPIC). METHODS: Data from single 24-hour dietary recall interviews collected through a highly standardised computer-based program (EPIC-SOFT) in 27 redefined centres in 10 European countries between 1995 and 2000. From a total random sample of 36 900, 22 924 @entity0 and 13 031 @entity0 were selected after exclusion of subjects under 35 and over 74 years of age. RESULTS: A high total consumption of dairy products was reported in most of the centres in Spain and in the UK cohort sampled from the general population, as well as in the Dutch, Swedish and Danish centres. A somewhat low consumption was reported in the Greek centre and in some of the Italian centres (Ragusa and Turin). In all centres and for both sexes, milk constituted the dairy sub-group with the largest proportion (in grams) of total dairy consumption, followed by yoghurt and other fermented milk products, and cheese. Still, there was a wide range in the contributions of the different dairy sub-groups between centres. The Spanish and Nordic centres generally reported a high consumption of milk, the Swedish and Dutch centres reported a high consumption of yoghurt and other fermented milk products, whereas the highest consumption of cheese was reported in the French centres. CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate both quantitative and qualitative disparities in dairy product consumption among the EPIC centres. This offers a sound starting point for analyses of associations between dairy intake and @entity2 such as @entity1 .

title: Consumption of dairy products in the European Prospective Investigation into XXXX and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort: data from 35 955 24-hour dietary recalls in 10 European countries.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Basic region @entity0 zipper (bZIP) transcription factors regulate gene expression critical for long-term synaptic plasticity or neuronal excitability contributing to learning and memory. At sensorimotor synapses of Aplysia, changes in activation or expression of @entity4 and @entity3 in sensory neurons are required for long-term synaptic plasticity. However, it is unknown whether concomitant stimulus-induced changes in expression and activation of bZIP transcription factors in the postsynaptic motor neuron also contribute to persistent long-term facilitation (P-LTF). We overexpressed various forms of @entity4 , @entity3 , or @entity2 in the postsynaptic motor neuron L7 in cell culture to examine whether these factors contribute to P-LTF. P-LTF is evoked by 2 consecutive days of @entity1 applications (2 @entity1 ), while a transient form of LTF is produced by 1 day of @entity1 applications (1 @entity1 ). Significant increases in the expression of both @entity2 and @entity3 mRNA in L7 accompany P-LTF. Overexpressing each bZIP factor in L7 did not alter basal synapse strength, while coexpressing @entity2 and @entity3 in L7 evoked persistent increases in basal synapse strength. In contrast, overexpressing @entity2 and @entity3 in sensory neurons evoked persistent decreases in basal synapse strength. Overexpressing wild-type @entity2 or @entity3 , but not @entity4 , in L7 can replace the second day of @entity1 applications in producing P-LTF. Reducing @entity2 activity in L7 blocked P-LTF evoked by 2 @entity1 . These results suggest that expression and activation of different bZIP factors in both presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons contribute to persistent change in synapse strength including stimulus-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity.

title: @entity2 and XXXX in the postsynaptic neuron contribute to persistent long-term facilitation at a behaviorally relevant synapse.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Basic region @entity0 zipper (bZIP) transcription factors regulate gene expression critical for long-term synaptic plasticity or neuronal excitability contributing to learning and memory. At sensorimotor synapses of Aplysia, changes in activation or expression of @entity4 and @entity3 in sensory neurons are required for long-term synaptic plasticity. However, it is unknown whether concomitant stimulus-induced changes in expression and activation of bZIP transcription factors in the postsynaptic motor neuron also contribute to persistent long-term facilitation (P-LTF). We overexpressed various forms of @entity4 , @entity3 , or @entity2 in the postsynaptic motor neuron L7 in cell culture to examine whether these factors contribute to P-LTF. P-LTF is evoked by 2 consecutive days of @entity1 applications (2 @entity1 ), while a transient form of LTF is produced by 1 day of @entity1 applications (1 @entity1 ). Significant increases in the expression of both @entity2 and @entity3 mRNA in L7 accompany P-LTF. Overexpressing each bZIP factor in L7 did not alter basal synapse strength, while coexpressing @entity2 and @entity3 in L7 evoked persistent increases in basal synapse strength. In contrast, overexpressing @entity2 and @entity3 in sensory neurons evoked persistent decreases in basal synapse strength. Overexpressing wild-type @entity2 or @entity3 , but not @entity4 , in L7 can replace the second day of @entity1 applications in producing P-LTF. Reducing @entity2 activity in L7 blocked P-LTF evoked by 2 @entity1 . These results suggest that expression and activation of different bZIP factors in both presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons contribute to persistent change in synapse strength including stimulus-dependent long-term synaptic plasticity.

title: XXXX and @entity3 in the postsynaptic neuron contribute to persistent long-term facilitation at a behaviorally relevant synapse.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report a case of persistent @entity2 that developed during interferon alfa ( @entity5 ) therapy for chronic @entity3 . CASE SUMMARY: A 26-year-old @entity0 who was diagnosed with active chronic @entity3 began treatment with @entity5 . Five months after initiation of therapy, he developed @entity2 with prominent persecutory delusions and @entity4 . Despite discontinuation of @entity5 therapy and addition of antipsychotic drug treatment, only partial recovery from @entity2 was observed after 4 months of hospitalization. DISCUSSION: Unlike many previously reported cases, this @entity0 showed only partial recovery from @entity2 , despite the discontinuation of IFN therapy. Except for receiving a relatively high dose of @entity5 (10 million units 3 times/wk), the @entity0 did not have any previously proposed risk factors for developing @entity1 adverse effects. The Naranjo probability scale indicates a probable relationship between the @entity2 and IFN therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Despite its rare occurrence, @entity2 can emerge during @entity5 therapy. This adverse effect may persist for several months, even after appropriate medical management. @entity5 should be used with careful monitoring of @entity0 ' @entity1 status during all stages of therapy.

title: Psychosis associated with interferon alfa therapy for chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Occipital cortex of 19-day-old fetal @entity0 was dissociated and cultured in vitro for 2-5 weeks in horse serum supplemented Eagle's MEM. The outgrowing neurons rapidly formed a dense network which started to degenerate after 3 weeks in vitro. By means of electron microscopy the numerical development of 6 different categories of synapses was followed during the time in culture. This approach revealed a sigmoid growth curve emerging over the first 3 weeks for the category of axo-dendritic synapses (which comprised the bulk of all synapses counted). Thereafter a decline in number set in. Chronic exposure of these dissociated cerebral cortex cultures to 50 microgram/ml @entity2 (a concentration adequate to block all measurable bioelectrical activity) did not prevent the formation of functional synaptic networks having normal synaptic ultrastructure. These results are in agreement with previous studies on fetal cerebral explants in culture. However, in some groups of our cultures, @entity2 led to a retardation in neurite outgrowth and in numerical synapse formation. Since these @entity2 effects were dose-related at a concentration double that required to silence the cultures, the @entity1 was probably not due to selective suppression of bioelectric activity, but rather to some general cytotoxic effect of the drug. In one of the @entity2 -treated groups (50 microgram/ml) which showed an exceptionally rapid neuronal outgrowth by the use of horse serum obtained from a different source than in the other groups, no deficit was noted in the number of synapses formed. Extracellular recording in this latter drug-treated group of cultures during the third week revealed (after return to control medium) spontaneous isolated action potentials, burst patterns and slow waves which were indistinguishable from the bioelectric activity seen in the control cultures. It is concluded that bioelectric activity in dissociated cortex cultures is not a prerequisite for the formation of apparently normal, functional synaptic networks.

title: A quantitative electron microscopic study on synapse formation in dissociated fetal XXXX cerebral cortex in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity7 or serious @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 is needed to evaluate the safety of hypoglycemic drug therapy. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 5 health maintenance organizations. Study @entity0 were 171,264 health plan members 19 years or older when they received oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin between April 1, 1997, and June 30, 1999. We searched for hospital discharge diagnoses and procedures potentially indicative of @entity2 and reviewed the full-text medical records. @entity7 was defined as acute @entity3 and (1) @entity2 , (2) prothrombin time prolongation greater than 3 seconds or international normalized ratio greater than 1.5, and (3) a total @entity6 level greater than 3.0 mg/dL (>51 micro mol/L). @entity2 was diagnosed in individuals who did not meet 1 or more of the criteria for @entity7 but had @entity5 transaminase or @entity4 transaminase levels greater than 500 U/L. RESULTS: We identified 35 cases of @entity7 or injury not clearly attributable to a known cause other than use of hypoglycemic agents. The age- and sex-standardized incidence per 1000 @entity0 -years was 0.15 for insulin users, 0.08 for @entity9 users, 0.12 for @entity8 users, and 0.10 for @entity10 users. The incidence was higher (on the order of 0.3 per 1000) during the first 6 months of exposure to all hypoglycemic agents. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 or injury not clearly attributable to other known causes occurred on the order of 1 per 10,000 @entity0 -years among @entity1 @entity0 treated with oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin.

title: A cohort study of the incidence of serious XXXX in @entity1 @entity0 treated with hypoglycemic agents.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity7 or serious @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 is needed to evaluate the safety of hypoglycemic drug therapy. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 5 health maintenance organizations. Study @entity0 were 171,264 health plan members 19 years or older when they received oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin between April 1, 1997, and June 30, 1999. We searched for hospital discharge diagnoses and procedures potentially indicative of @entity2 and reviewed the full-text medical records. @entity7 was defined as acute @entity3 and (1) @entity2 , (2) prothrombin time prolongation greater than 3 seconds or international normalized ratio greater than 1.5, and (3) a total @entity6 level greater than 3.0 mg/dL (>51 micro mol/L). @entity2 was diagnosed in individuals who did not meet 1 or more of the criteria for @entity7 but had @entity5 transaminase or @entity4 transaminase levels greater than 500 U/L. RESULTS: We identified 35 cases of @entity7 or injury not clearly attributable to a known cause other than use of hypoglycemic agents. The age- and sex-standardized incidence per 1000 @entity0 -years was 0.15 for insulin users, 0.08 for @entity9 users, 0.12 for @entity8 users, and 0.10 for @entity10 users. The incidence was higher (on the order of 0.3 per 1000) during the first 6 months of exposure to all hypoglycemic agents. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 or injury not clearly attributable to other known causes occurred on the order of 1 per 10,000 @entity0 -years among @entity1 @entity0 treated with oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin.

title: A cohort study of the incidence of serious @entity2 in XXXX @entity0 treated with hypoglycemic agents.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity7 or serious @entity2 in @entity1 @entity0 is needed to evaluate the safety of hypoglycemic drug therapy. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 5 health maintenance organizations. Study @entity0 were 171,264 health plan members 19 years or older when they received oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin between April 1, 1997, and June 30, 1999. We searched for hospital discharge diagnoses and procedures potentially indicative of @entity2 and reviewed the full-text medical records. @entity7 was defined as acute @entity3 and (1) @entity2 , (2) prothrombin time prolongation greater than 3 seconds or international normalized ratio greater than 1.5, and (3) a total @entity6 level greater than 3.0 mg/dL (>51 micro mol/L). @entity2 was diagnosed in individuals who did not meet 1 or more of the criteria for @entity7 but had @entity5 transaminase or @entity4 transaminase levels greater than 500 U/L. RESULTS: We identified 35 cases of @entity7 or injury not clearly attributable to a known cause other than use of hypoglycemic agents. The age- and sex-standardized incidence per 1000 @entity0 -years was 0.15 for insulin users, 0.08 for @entity9 users, 0.12 for @entity8 users, and 0.10 for @entity10 users. The incidence was higher (on the order of 0.3 per 1000) during the first 6 months of exposure to all hypoglycemic agents. CONCLUSIONS: @entity7 or injury not clearly attributable to other known causes occurred on the order of 1 per 10,000 @entity0 -years among @entity1 @entity0 treated with oral hypoglycemic drugs or insulin.

title: A cohort study of the incidence of serious @entity2 in @entity1 XXXX treated with hypoglycemic agents.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe physical activity of @entity0 in the European Prospective Investigation into @entity1 and Nutrition (EPIC). DESIGN: A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data of a European prospective cohort study. SUBJECTS: This analysis was restricted to @entity0 in the age group 50-64 years, which was represented in all EPIC centres. It involved 236 386 @entity0 from 25 centres in nine countries. In each EPIC centre, physical activity was assessed by standardised and validated questions. Frequency distribution of type of professional activity and participation in non-professional activities, and age-adjusted means, medians and percentiles of time dedicated to non-professional activities are presented for @entity0 and @entity0 from each centre. RESULTS: Professional activity was most frequently classified as sedentary or standing in all centres. There was a wide variation regarding participation in different types of non-professional activities and time dedicated to these activities across EPIC centres. Over 80% of all EPIC @entity0 engaged in walking, while less than 50% of the subjects participated in sport. Total time dedicated to recreational activities was highest among the Dutch @entity0 and lowest among @entity0 from Malm   (Sweden) and @entity0 from Naples (Italy). In all centres, total time dedicated to recreational activity in the summer was higher than in the winter. @entity0 from southern Europe spent the most time on housekeeping. CONCLUSIONS: There is a considerable variation of physical activity across EPIC centres. This variation was especially evident for recreational activities in both @entity0 and @entity0 .

title: Physical activity of subjects aged 50-64 years involved in the European Prospective Investigation into XXXX and Nutrition (EPIC).

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the cause of @entity1 in a cohort of @entity0 with genetically unsolved @entity1 (57 families with a total of 74 members) in whom hitherto known disease genes had been excluded. METHODS: We used autozygosity mapping or haplotype analysis to delineate potential disease loci in informative families. For mutation detection, we used either whole-exome sequencing or Sanger sequencing of positional candidates. Subsequently, a larger cohort was specifically screened for @entity5 mutations. The pathogenicity of a splice-site mutation was verified in cultured @entity0 skin fibroblasts on the messenger RNA level and by Western blot. RESULTS: We report on 5 @entity0 with @entity1 from 3 families who carried truncating mutations in @entity5 . Contrary to the "classic" phenotype, they did not manifest with @entity2 , but with progressive @entity1 . Only one @entity0 required nocturnal mask ventilation, while 4 others maintained normal respiratory function by the age of 14, 18, 22, and 37 years. Three @entity0 were still able to walk independently. All @entity0 had a predominantly @entity1 with subsequent @entity3 , but without obvious sensory symptoms. Two @entity0 had signs of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in @entity5 should be considered in the molecular genetic workup of @entity0 with @entity1 , even in the absence of respiratory symptoms.

title: Recessive truncating @entity5 mutations presenting as XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the cause of @entity1 in a cohort of @entity0 with genetically unsolved @entity1 (57 families with a total of 74 members) in whom hitherto known disease genes had been excluded. METHODS: We used autozygosity mapping or haplotype analysis to delineate potential disease loci in informative families. For mutation detection, we used either whole-exome sequencing or Sanger sequencing of positional candidates. Subsequently, a larger cohort was specifically screened for @entity5 mutations. The pathogenicity of a splice-site mutation was verified in cultured @entity0 skin fibroblasts on the messenger RNA level and by Western blot. RESULTS: We report on 5 @entity0 with @entity1 from 3 families who carried truncating mutations in @entity5 . Contrary to the "classic" phenotype, they did not manifest with @entity2 , but with progressive @entity1 . Only one @entity0 required nocturnal mask ventilation, while 4 others maintained normal respiratory function by the age of 14, 18, 22, and 37 years. Three @entity0 were still able to walk independently. All @entity0 had a predominantly @entity1 with subsequent @entity3 , but without obvious sensory symptoms. Two @entity0 had signs of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in @entity5 should be considered in the molecular genetic workup of @entity0 with @entity1 , even in the absence of respiratory symptoms.

title: Recessive truncating XXXX mutations presenting as @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity13 encodes the @entity7 channel voltage-gated a8-subunit ( @entity14 .6). @entity13 mutations have recently been associated with @entity3 and @entity2 . We aimed to delineate the phenotype associated with @entity13 mutations. METHODS: We used high-throughput sequence analysis of the @entity13 gene in 683 @entity0 with a range of @entity3 . In addition, we ascertained cases with @entity13 mutations from other centers. A detailed clinical history was obtained together with a review of EEG and imaging data. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity0 with de novo heterozygous mutations of @entity13 were studied. @entity4 onset occurred at a mean age of 5 months (range: 1 day to 18 months); in general, @entity4 were not triggered by fever. Fifteen of 17 @entity0 had multiple @entity4 types including focal, tonic, clonic, @entity8 , and @entity3 ; @entity4 were refractory to antiepileptic therapy. Development was normal in 12 @entity0 and slowed after @entity4 onset, often with regression; 5 @entity0 had delayed development from birth. All @entity0 developed @entity6 , ranging from mild to severe. Motor manifestations were prominent including @entity10 , @entity12 , @entity5 , and @entity9 . EEG findings comprised moderate to severe background slowing with focal or multifocal @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity13 @entity1 presents in infancy with multiple @entity4 types including focal @entity4 and @entity11 in some cases. Outcome is often poor and includes @entity10 and @entity6 . The majority of mutations arise de novo, although we observed a single case of somatic mosaicism in an unaffected parent.

title: The phenotypic spectrum of XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity13


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity13 encodes the @entity7 channel voltage-gated a8-subunit ( @entity14 .6). @entity13 mutations have recently been associated with @entity3 and @entity2 . We aimed to delineate the phenotype associated with @entity13 mutations. METHODS: We used high-throughput sequence analysis of the @entity13 gene in 683 @entity0 with a range of @entity3 . In addition, we ascertained cases with @entity13 mutations from other centers. A detailed clinical history was obtained together with a review of EEG and imaging data. RESULTS: Seventeen @entity0 with de novo heterozygous mutations of @entity13 were studied. @entity4 onset occurred at a mean age of 5 months (range: 1 day to 18 months); in general, @entity4 were not triggered by fever. Fifteen of 17 @entity0 had multiple @entity4 types including focal, tonic, clonic, @entity8 , and @entity3 ; @entity4 were refractory to antiepileptic therapy. Development was normal in 12 @entity0 and slowed after @entity4 onset, often with regression; 5 @entity0 had delayed development from birth. All @entity0 developed @entity6 , ranging from mild to severe. Motor manifestations were prominent including @entity10 , @entity12 , @entity5 , and @entity9 . EEG findings comprised moderate to severe background slowing with focal or multifocal @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity13 @entity1 presents in infancy with multiple @entity4 types including focal @entity4 and @entity11 in some cases. Outcome is often poor and includes @entity10 and @entity6 . The majority of mutations arise de novo, although we observed a single case of somatic mosaicism in an unaffected parent.

title: The phenotypic spectrum of @entity13 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a rare @entity2 of @entity0 of unknown etiology. Diffuse cystic changes associated with multifocal clusters of smooth muscle-like cells ( @entity4 cells) replace normal lung parenchyma, leading to progressive @entity3 . Reports of exacerbations of @entity4 with the use of exogenous @entity1 and during pregnancy suggest an association between hormones and clinical deterioration. OBJECTIVES: To conduct the largest case series to date in order to characterize the demographics of a living cohort of @entity0 with @entity4 . To evaluate the effect of oral contraceptive pill (OCPs) use on the age at onset of symptoms in a large population of @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: The study population was drawn from the University of Miami (UM) @entity4 database consisting of 91 living @entity0 previously diagnosed with @entity4 by a physician. A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to the @entity0 . RESULTS: The final response rate was 91.2% (83 of 91), and the study @entity0 were 96.4% white, 1.2% Asian, 1.2% African American, and 1.2% American Indian; 68.4% identified their ethnicity as European and 14.5% as Jewish. Of the @entity0 surveyed, 73 were still menstruating at the time of @entity4 diagnosis. Among these @entity0 , the rate of use of OCPs was approximately 27%, similar to the rate in the general population. There was a significant difference between the age at onset of symptoms in @entity0 using OCPs vs. @entity0 not using OCPs (29.2 +/- 4.7 vs. 32.9 +/- 8.0, p = 0.0397). CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that OCPs may serve as catalysts to promote an earlier occurrence of @entity4 .

title: XXXX ( @entity4 ): examining oral contraceptive pills and the onset of disease.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a rare @entity2 of @entity0 of unknown etiology. Diffuse cystic changes associated with multifocal clusters of smooth muscle-like cells ( @entity4 cells) replace normal lung parenchyma, leading to progressive @entity3 . Reports of exacerbations of @entity4 with the use of exogenous @entity1 and during pregnancy suggest an association between hormones and clinical deterioration. OBJECTIVES: To conduct the largest case series to date in order to characterize the demographics of a living cohort of @entity0 with @entity4 . To evaluate the effect of oral contraceptive pill (OCPs) use on the age at onset of symptoms in a large population of @entity0 with @entity4 . METHODS: The study population was drawn from the University of Miami (UM) @entity4 database consisting of 91 living @entity0 previously diagnosed with @entity4 by a physician. A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to the @entity0 . RESULTS: The final response rate was 91.2% (83 of 91), and the study @entity0 were 96.4% white, 1.2% Asian, 1.2% African American, and 1.2% American Indian; 68.4% identified their ethnicity as European and 14.5% as Jewish. Of the @entity0 surveyed, 73 were still menstruating at the time of @entity4 diagnosis. Among these @entity0 , the rate of use of OCPs was approximately 27%, similar to the rate in the general population. There was a significant difference between the age at onset of symptoms in @entity0 using OCPs vs. @entity0 not using OCPs (29.2 +/- 4.7 vs. 32.9 +/- 8.0, p = 0.0397). CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that OCPs may serve as catalysts to promote an earlier occurrence of @entity4 .

title: @entity2 ( XXXX ): examining oral contraceptive pills and the onset of disease.

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Postmenopausal uterine @entity5 is a " @entity1 until proven otherwise". @entity6 is a typical disease among postmenopause @entity0 , because every @entity5 in this age etiology associated with @entity6 (10-30%). The lifespan of @entity0 today has been extended and post menopause today last one third of a @entity0 's life. Early diagnosis of @entity6 has a very high cure rate. Screening for this @entity1 has limits in practice and is necessary given the definition of high-risk groups would be subject to primary and secondary prevention. GOAL: Primary to evaluate the leading causes of postmenopausal uterine @entity5 among @entity0 at risk for @entity6 ( @entity2 , @entity3 , nulliparity, late menopause (after 55 years) and compared them with the causes of postmenopausal uterine @entity5 @entity0 without this risk. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective, descriptive study with a targeted sample of 50 consecutive @entity0 who had registered postmenopausal uterine @entity5 in high-risk groups (cohorts) and the same number of @entity0 with postmenopausal uterine @entity5 that does not belong to the risk group (control group). Each @entity0 underwent clinical examination, then fractionated curettements and its histopathological verification and assessment of treated clinical stage of disease with PH analysis of the resected specimens. RESULTS: The @entity0 of the studied risk group were significantly affected by @entity6 compared with the control group (RR=2.45, 95% CI 1.2 4.6, p=0.005). Endocervical pathology did not differ between groups. Clinical forms of @entity5 : for those that are profuse @entity5 @entity1 was present in 54.6% of cases. With intermittent @entity5 @entity1 is verified in the 33.3% of @entity0 . Risk @entity0 groups with @entity1 frequently suffer from clinically more advanced stages of histologically aggressive @entity6 ( @entity4 , low differentiated @entity1 ).

title: Features of postmenopausal uterine XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to evaluate @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), to determine the role of corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs and to assess @entity3 effect on @entity2 in @entity5 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity2 (DEXA) at lumbar vertebrae (L2-L4) and at femoral neck was performed in 60 pre-menopausal @entity5 @entity0 and in 64 controls. @entity1 level was measured in all the individuals. Age, age at disease onset, body mass index (BMI), time of disease, disease activity (SLEDAI), @entity4 dose at the evaluation, total cumulative and cumulative @entity4 dose in the last year and cytotoxic drugs were assessed. RESULTS: The mean plasmatic @entity1 was 175.9 pg/ml in @entity0 and 149.9 in controls. @entity2 was inferior in @entity0 than that in controls (P < 0.0001). The mean current, cumulative and previous year @entity4 doses were, respectively, 19.17 mg/d, 28.78 g and 5.33 g. There was no association between corticosteroids or cytotoxic drug used and low bone mass. The serum concentration of @entity1 did not influence the bone mass. The BMI and age at disease onset exhibited an influence on @entity2 at L2. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 was significantly lower in @entity5 @entity0 but not related to CS (Corticosteroids)or other drugs; the @entity1 in these @entity0 had no effect on @entity2 . Low BMI interacting with early onset of disease might influence the probability of loss of bone mass.

title: Bone mineral density in XXXX and its relation to age at disease onset, plasmatic @entity1 and immunosuppressive therapy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to evaluate @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), to determine the role of corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs and to assess @entity3 effect on @entity2 in @entity5 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity2 (DEXA) at lumbar vertebrae (L2-L4) and at femoral neck was performed in 60 pre-menopausal @entity5 @entity0 and in 64 controls. @entity1 level was measured in all the individuals. Age, age at disease onset, body mass index (BMI), time of disease, disease activity (SLEDAI), @entity4 dose at the evaluation, total cumulative and cumulative @entity4 dose in the last year and cytotoxic drugs were assessed. RESULTS: The mean plasmatic @entity1 was 175.9 pg/ml in @entity0 and 149.9 in controls. @entity2 was inferior in @entity0 than that in controls (P < 0.0001). The mean current, cumulative and previous year @entity4 doses were, respectively, 19.17 mg/d, 28.78 g and 5.33 g. There was no association between corticosteroids or cytotoxic drug used and low bone mass. The serum concentration of @entity1 did not influence the bone mass. The BMI and age at disease onset exhibited an influence on @entity2 at L2. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 was significantly lower in @entity5 @entity0 but not related to CS (Corticosteroids)or other drugs; the @entity1 in these @entity0 had no effect on @entity2 . Low BMI interacting with early onset of disease might influence the probability of loss of bone mass.

title: Bone mineral density in @entity5 and its relation to age at disease onset, plasmatic XXXX and immunosuppressive therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To examine the risk factors for @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in a sample Japanese population. METHODS: In 1998, a cross sectional community survey was conducted among residents of Hisayama. A total of 596 @entity0 and 886 @entity0 living in Hisayama, Japan, aged 50 years or older consented to participate in the study. Each @entity0 underwent a comprehensive examination that included an ophthalmic examination. The presence of @entity5 was determined by grading from fundus examination by indirect ophthalmoscopy, slit lamp examination, and colour fundus photographs. Using these cross sectional data, logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the risk factors for @entity5 . The following 10 possible risk factors were used: age, @entity4 , @entity2 (history), @entity2 (history or examination), @entity1 , hyperlipidaemia, current smoker, @entity3 intake, BMI, and WBC. RESULTS: @entity5 was detected in 19.5% of @entity0 and 14.9% of @entity0 . @entity0 were found to have a significantly higher prevalence of @entity5 than @entity0 . Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age and @entity2 (history or examination) were significantly associated with @entity5 in @entity0 , whereas only age was a significant risk factor for @entity5 in @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that higher age and male sex are relevant risk factors for @entity5 in Japan. In addition, @entity2 is a relevant risk factor in @entity0 .

title: Risk factors for XXXX in a Japanese population: the Hisayama study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recombinant @entity0 @entity1 protein (rhVEGF) stimulates angiogenesis in animal models and was well tolerated in Phase I clinical trials. VIVA ( @entity1 in @entity2 for @entity3 ) is a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intracoronary and intravenous infusions of rhVEGF. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 178 @entity0 with stable exertional @entity4 , unsuitable for standard revascularization, were randomized to receive placebo, low-dose rhVEGF (17 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1)), or high-dose rhVEGF (50 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1)) by intracoronary infusion on day 0, followed by intravenous infusions on days 3, 6, and 9. Exercise treadmill tests, @entity4 class, and quality of life assessments were performed at baseline, day 60, and day 120. Myocardial perfusion imaging was performed at baseline and day 60. At day 60, the change in exercise treadmill test (ETT) time from baseline was not different between groups (placebo, +48 seconds; low dose, +30 seconds; high dose, +30 seconds). Angina class and quality of life were significantly improved within each group, with no difference between groups. By day 120, placebo-treated @entity0 demonstrated reduced benefit in all three measures, with no significant difference compared with low-dose rhVEGF. In contrast, high-dose rhVEGF resulted in significant improvement in @entity4 class (P=0.05) and nonsignificant trends in ETT time (P=0.15) and @entity4 frequency (P=0.09) as compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: rhVEGF seems to be safe and well tolerated. rhVEGF offered no improvement beyond placebo in all measurements by day 60. By day 120, high-dose rhVEGF resulted in significant improvement in @entity4 and favorable trends in ETT time and @entity4 frequency.

title: The VIVA trial: @entity1 in @entity2 for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recombinant @entity0 @entity1 protein (rhVEGF) stimulates angiogenesis in animal models and was well tolerated in Phase I clinical trials. VIVA ( @entity1 in @entity2 for @entity3 ) is a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intracoronary and intravenous infusions of rhVEGF. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 178 @entity0 with stable exertional @entity4 , unsuitable for standard revascularization, were randomized to receive placebo, low-dose rhVEGF (17 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1)), or high-dose rhVEGF (50 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1)) by intracoronary infusion on day 0, followed by intravenous infusions on days 3, 6, and 9. Exercise treadmill tests, @entity4 class, and quality of life assessments were performed at baseline, day 60, and day 120. Myocardial perfusion imaging was performed at baseline and day 60. At day 60, the change in exercise treadmill test (ETT) time from baseline was not different between groups (placebo, +48 seconds; low dose, +30 seconds; high dose, +30 seconds). Angina class and quality of life were significantly improved within each group, with no difference between groups. By day 120, placebo-treated @entity0 demonstrated reduced benefit in all three measures, with no significant difference compared with low-dose rhVEGF. In contrast, high-dose rhVEGF resulted in significant improvement in @entity4 class (P=0.05) and nonsignificant trends in ETT time (P=0.15) and @entity4 frequency (P=0.09) as compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: rhVEGF seems to be safe and well tolerated. rhVEGF offered no improvement beyond placebo in all measurements by day 60. By day 120, high-dose rhVEGF resulted in significant improvement in @entity4 and favorable trends in ETT time and @entity4 frequency.

title: The VIVA trial: XXXX in @entity2 for @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recombinant @entity0 @entity1 protein (rhVEGF) stimulates angiogenesis in animal models and was well tolerated in Phase I clinical trials. VIVA ( @entity1 in @entity2 for @entity3 ) is a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intracoronary and intravenous infusions of rhVEGF. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 178 @entity0 with stable exertional @entity4 , unsuitable for standard revascularization, were randomized to receive placebo, low-dose rhVEGF (17 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1)), or high-dose rhVEGF (50 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1)) by intracoronary infusion on day 0, followed by intravenous infusions on days 3, 6, and 9. Exercise treadmill tests, @entity4 class, and quality of life assessments were performed at baseline, day 60, and day 120. Myocardial perfusion imaging was performed at baseline and day 60. At day 60, the change in exercise treadmill test (ETT) time from baseline was not different between groups (placebo, +48 seconds; low dose, +30 seconds; high dose, +30 seconds). Angina class and quality of life were significantly improved within each group, with no difference between groups. By day 120, placebo-treated @entity0 demonstrated reduced benefit in all three measures, with no significant difference compared with low-dose rhVEGF. In contrast, high-dose rhVEGF resulted in significant improvement in @entity4 class (P=0.05) and nonsignificant trends in ETT time (P=0.15) and @entity4 frequency (P=0.09) as compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: rhVEGF seems to be safe and well tolerated. rhVEGF offered no improvement beyond placebo in all measurements by day 60. By day 120, high-dose rhVEGF resulted in significant improvement in @entity4 and favorable trends in ETT time and @entity4 frequency.

title: The VIVA trial: @entity1 in XXXX for @entity3 .

answer: @entity2