abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 / @entity4 clinics in Uganda and other low-income countries face increasing numbers of @entity0 and workforce shortages. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing a Pharmacy-only Refill Program (PRP), a form of task-shifting, to the Standard of Care (SOC) at a large @entity3 / @entity4 clinic in Uganda, the @entity1 Institute (IDI). The PRP was started to reduce workforce shortages and optimize @entity0 care by substituting pharmacy visits for SOC involving monthly physician visits for accessing antiretroviral medicines. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used a retrospective cohort analysis to compare the effectiveness of the PRP compared to SOC. Effectiveness was defined as Favorable Immune Response (FIR), measured as having a @entity2 lymphocyte count of over 500 cells/  l at follow-up. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess the difference in FIR between @entity0 in the PRP and SOC. We incorporated estimates of effectiveness into an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis performed from a limited societal perspective. We estimated costs from previous studies at IDI and conducted univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. We identified 829 @entity0 , 578 in the PRP and 251 in SOC. After 12.8 months (PRP) and 15.1 months (SOC) of follow-up, 18.9% of @entity0 had a FIR, 18.6% in the PRP and 19.6% in SOC. There was a non-significant 9% decrease in the odds of having a FIR for PRP compared to SOC after adjusting for other variables (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.55-1.58). The PRP was less costly than the SOC (US  520 vs. 655 annually, respectively). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio comparing PRP to SOC was US  13,500 per FIR. PRP remained cost-effective at univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The PRP is more cost-effective than the standard of care. Similar task-shifting programs might help large @entity3 / @entity4 clinics in Uganda and other low-income countries to cope with increasing numbers of @entity0 seeking care.

title: Cost effectiveness of a pharmacy-only refill program in a large urban @entity3 / XXXX clinic in Uganda.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 / @entity4 clinics in Uganda and other low-income countries face increasing numbers of @entity0 and workforce shortages. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing a Pharmacy-only Refill Program (PRP), a form of task-shifting, to the Standard of Care (SOC) at a large @entity3 / @entity4 clinic in Uganda, the @entity1 Institute (IDI). The PRP was started to reduce workforce shortages and optimize @entity0 care by substituting pharmacy visits for SOC involving monthly physician visits for accessing antiretroviral medicines. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We used a retrospective cohort analysis to compare the effectiveness of the PRP compared to SOC. Effectiveness was defined as Favorable Immune Response (FIR), measured as having a @entity2 lymphocyte count of over 500 cells/  l at follow-up. We used multivariate logistic regression to assess the difference in FIR between @entity0 in the PRP and SOC. We incorporated estimates of effectiveness into an incremental cost-effectiveness analysis performed from a limited societal perspective. We estimated costs from previous studies at IDI and conducted univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. We identified 829 @entity0 , 578 in the PRP and 251 in SOC. After 12.8 months (PRP) and 15.1 months (SOC) of follow-up, 18.9% of @entity0 had a FIR, 18.6% in the PRP and 19.6% in SOC. There was a non-significant 9% decrease in the odds of having a FIR for PRP compared to SOC after adjusting for other variables (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.55-1.58). The PRP was less costly than the SOC (US  520 vs. 655 annually, respectively). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio comparing PRP to SOC was US  13,500 per FIR. PRP remained cost-effective at univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: The PRP is more cost-effective than the standard of care. Similar task-shifting programs might help large @entity3 / @entity4 clinics in Uganda and other low-income countries to cope with increasing numbers of @entity0 seeking care.

title: Cost effectiveness of a pharmacy-only refill program in a large urban XXXX / @entity4 clinic in Uganda.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Adipocytes account for more than 90% of @entity1 breast volume and secrete adipocytokines, which play a role in @entity0 development. Among the adipocytokines is @entity4 , which is secreted mainly by adipocytes and plays a key role in @entity0 development. @entity4 expression is up-regulated in both @entity2 and @entity0 @entity1 , and promotes @entity0 cell growth. Exposure to environmental @entity3 has also been found to be directly related to the development of @entity0 . @entity7 (Z) is a non-steroidal anabolic growth promoter with estrogenic activity that is widely used in the US beef industry due to its commercial benefits. @entity6 is a natural compound extracted from cottonseed that inhibits @entity0 growth, and is potentially a chemopreventive food component. This study focused on Z and bio-active Z-containing sera (ZS) collected from Z-implanted beef, and evaluated their adverse health risk to @entity1 . We hypothesized that Z increases the risk of @entity0 in @entity2 @entity1 . A cell proliferation assay, ELISA analysis, RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to investigate the interaction of @entity4 , Z and @entity6 in primary cultured normal @entity1 breast pre-adipocytes. The results indicated that Z and ZS stimulated the growth of pre-adipocytes isolated from normal @entity1 breast tissues by up-regulating @entity5 expression, while @entity6 reversed this effect.

title: @entity4 and XXXX up-regulate @entity5 expression in primary cultured normal @entity1 breast pre-adipocytes.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Adipocytes account for more than 90% of @entity1 breast volume and secrete adipocytokines, which play a role in @entity0 development. Among the adipocytokines is @entity4 , which is secreted mainly by adipocytes and plays a key role in @entity0 development. @entity4 expression is up-regulated in both @entity2 and @entity0 @entity1 , and promotes @entity0 cell growth. Exposure to environmental @entity3 has also been found to be directly related to the development of @entity0 . @entity7 (Z) is a non-steroidal anabolic growth promoter with estrogenic activity that is widely used in the US beef industry due to its commercial benefits. @entity6 is a natural compound extracted from cottonseed that inhibits @entity0 growth, and is potentially a chemopreventive food component. This study focused on Z and bio-active Z-containing sera (ZS) collected from Z-implanted beef, and evaluated their adverse health risk to @entity1 . We hypothesized that Z increases the risk of @entity0 in @entity2 @entity1 . A cell proliferation assay, ELISA analysis, RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to investigate the interaction of @entity4 , Z and @entity6 in primary cultured normal @entity1 breast pre-adipocytes. The results indicated that Z and ZS stimulated the growth of pre-adipocytes isolated from normal @entity1 breast tissues by up-regulating @entity5 expression, while @entity6 reversed this effect.

title: XXXX and @entity7 up-regulate @entity5 expression in primary cultured normal @entity1 breast pre-adipocytes.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Adipocytes account for more than 90% of @entity1 breast volume and secrete adipocytokines, which play a role in @entity0 development. Among the adipocytokines is @entity4 , which is secreted mainly by adipocytes and plays a key role in @entity0 development. @entity4 expression is up-regulated in both @entity2 and @entity0 @entity1 , and promotes @entity0 cell growth. Exposure to environmental @entity3 has also been found to be directly related to the development of @entity0 . @entity7 (Z) is a non-steroidal anabolic growth promoter with estrogenic activity that is widely used in the US beef industry due to its commercial benefits. @entity6 is a natural compound extracted from cottonseed that inhibits @entity0 growth, and is potentially a chemopreventive food component. This study focused on Z and bio-active Z-containing sera (ZS) collected from Z-implanted beef, and evaluated their adverse health risk to @entity1 . We hypothesized that Z increases the risk of @entity0 in @entity2 @entity1 . A cell proliferation assay, ELISA analysis, RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to investigate the interaction of @entity4 , Z and @entity6 in primary cultured normal @entity1 breast pre-adipocytes. The results indicated that Z and ZS stimulated the growth of pre-adipocytes isolated from normal @entity1 breast tissues by up-regulating @entity5 expression, while @entity6 reversed this effect.

title: @entity4 and @entity7 up-regulate XXXX expression in primary cultured normal @entity1 breast pre-adipocytes.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Adipocytes account for more than 90% of @entity1 breast volume and secrete adipocytokines, which play a role in @entity0 development. Among the adipocytokines is @entity4 , which is secreted mainly by adipocytes and plays a key role in @entity0 development. @entity4 expression is up-regulated in both @entity2 and @entity0 @entity1 , and promotes @entity0 cell growth. Exposure to environmental @entity3 has also been found to be directly related to the development of @entity0 . @entity7 (Z) is a non-steroidal anabolic growth promoter with estrogenic activity that is widely used in the US beef industry due to its commercial benefits. @entity6 is a natural compound extracted from cottonseed that inhibits @entity0 growth, and is potentially a chemopreventive food component. This study focused on Z and bio-active Z-containing sera (ZS) collected from Z-implanted beef, and evaluated their adverse health risk to @entity1 . We hypothesized that Z increases the risk of @entity0 in @entity2 @entity1 . A cell proliferation assay, ELISA analysis, RT-PCR and Western blotting were performed to investigate the interaction of @entity4 , Z and @entity6 in primary cultured normal @entity1 breast pre-adipocytes. The results indicated that Z and ZS stimulated the growth of pre-adipocytes isolated from normal @entity1 breast tissues by up-regulating @entity5 expression, while @entity6 reversed this effect.

title: @entity4 and @entity7 up-regulate @entity5 expression in primary cultured normal XXXX breast pre-adipocytes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A cranial vault @entity5 is relatively common @entity1 . Mushroom shaped skull @entity5 is, however, extremely rare. Twenty seven years old female developed slow growing hard mass posterior to the ear. CT scan revealed a mushroom shaped osseous mass approximately 2.5 cm in diameter protruding from the temporal bone at the site of asterion. And the @entity1 was located over the right sigmoid sinus. The sigmoid sinus engraved approximately 4mm to the @entity1 and had a branching to one emissaries' vein. Operation was performed under general anesthesia. The @entity1 was excised first by cutting the base of the @entity1 , and then @entity2 was grinded using a round head cutting bar. A chisel dissection was not recommended because of underlining sinus. Histological findings were consistent with a benign @entity5 . The postoperative course was uneventful. CT examination immediately done after operation revealed no evidence of @entity4 , or injury of vessels. Osetoma was excised, and the surface of cranial bone at the operation site was smooth and cosmetically acceptable. At 6-months follow up, @entity0 remains asymptomatic and recurrence free. CT examination with Multi Planer Reconstruction imaging or 3D reconstruction is highly recommended for the operational planning of @entity3 .

title: A case of mushroom shape temporal bone XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: In the article are two frequently misused notions are defined: climiacterium and menopause. @entity3 can appear 2 to 6 years before and continue for 2 to 6 years after menopause, with their duration up to 20 years. An attempt of qualitative approach to menopausal ailments is the point scale by Kupperman. The diversity of the symptoms encountered in @entity0 in perimenopausal period is the reason to seek medical advice from experts in various disciplines: internal medicine, cardiology, gynaecology, neurology, rheumatology, and least frequently psychiatry, as it is fairly common for @entity0 to perceive life problems or mental stress as @entity7 . In Poland, middle-aged @entity0 constitute 30% of all @entity0 . Medical approach to their health problems is focused on somatic diseases like @entity5 , @entity2 , and @entity1 , which are likely to contribute to shortening of life expectancy. Growing awareness of the problem of @entity4 among doctors non-psychiatrists may contribute to desirable change in doctors' and @entity0 ' attitude to this disease. The average prevalence of @entity4 is estimated to be about 17% of the total population. @entity4 is thrice more frequent among @entity0 than among @entity0 . The peak of incidence is seen among middle-aged @entity0 . In this article clinical forms of @entity6 are discussed according to the current DSM IV classification, main symptoms suggesting @entity4 are given, and @entity4 , the most common and most difficult to detect form of the disease is discussed. Risk factors for @entity4 are presented, and attention is paid to the dramatic fact that @entity4 may not only decrease the quality of life, but may also stand behind the @entity0 's loss of full functional capacity or even death. Suicidal thoughts are experienced by 60% of @entity4 @entity0 , while as many as 15% of them do actually commit suicide. Collective analysis of the @entity4 risk factors and concomitant somatic disorders in a given @entity0 will surely increase the likelihood of correct diagnosis.

title: [ XXXX in perimenopausal period].

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To report a case-matched analysis comparing high-dose external-beam radiation (EBRT) for @entity1 delivered on Proton Radiation Oncology Group (PROG) 95-09, a randomized trial, with permanent prostate brachytherapy over the same era. METHODS: From 1996 to 1999, 196 @entity0 were accrued to the high-dose arm (79.2 Gray equivalent (GyE) using photons and protons) of PROG 95-09 at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Loma Linda University Medical Center. Entry criteria specified @entity3 and @entity2  <= 15 ng/mL. When Gleason score >7 was excluded, 177 @entity0 were left for case matching. At Massachusetts General Hospital, 203 similar @entity0 were treated by a single brachytherapist from 1997 to 2002. Minimum follow-up was 3 years. Case matching, based on T stage, Gleason score, @entity2 , and age resulted in 141 matches (282 @entity0 ). Median follow-up was 8.6 and 7.4 years for EBRT and brachytherapy, respectively. The primary endpoint was biochemical failure (BF). RESULTS: Using the Phoenix definition, the 8-year BF rates were 7.7% and 16.1% for EBRT and brachytherapy, respectively (p = 0.42). A stratified analysis was performed by risk group. In the EBRT group, 113 and 28 @entity0 were low and intermediate risk, respectively. In the brachytherapy group, 118 and 23 were. When stratified by risk group, the BF rates were similar by either technique. CONCLUSIONS: High-dose EBRT and brachytherapy result in similar BF rates for @entity0 with @entity1 . Comparative quality-of-life and cost-effectiveness studies are warranted.

title: Comparison of high-dose proton radiotherapy and brachytherapy in XXXX : a case-matched analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To study the epidemiologic, clinic, biologic and therapeutics aspects of @entity3 at National university healty center (CNHU) of Cotonou. METHOD: From January 2004 to December 2008, we have conduct a retrospective study in the pediatric service of Cotonou   s CNHU. 15 @entity0 less than 5 years old were included in the study. A chest X ray radiography have been done for all the @entity0 at the hospitalization. Epi info and chi square test were used for the statistical study. RESULT: Pleural effusion   s incidence is growing in the service and in this statement @entity0 old less than 5 years are more concerned. Fever, chest and abdominal complaints were the most clinical sign.The diagnosis of @entity3 was established in 56.3% and @entity2 was found. Antibiotic, @entity1 and blood transfusion were used as therapeutics method. Mortality rate was 5.6%. In conclusion, @entity3 management in Cotonou CHNU is suffering by the etiologic diagnosis of the disease.

title: [Pleural effusion in XXXX at the National Hospital Center and University of Cotonou: epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the prevalence and progression of neo-aortic root dilation and @entity2 after staged reconstruction for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). BACKGROUND: In @entity4 , the @entity2 as the neo-aortic valve. @entity3 has been observed after arterial switch operation and the Ross procedure. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity4 born before January 1995 who had the Fontan operation and had serial echocardiograms were included. Echocardiograms were reviewed preoperatively, after each surgical reconstruction, and at most recent follow-up for neo-aortic root size and severity of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Potential risk factors for @entity3 were assessed. RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity0 met inclusion criteria. Bidirectional superior cavopulmonary anastomosis as an interim procedure was performed in 39 @entity0 (74%). Median duration of follow-up was 9.2 (range 5.1 to 21) years. During follow-up, the neo-aortic root progressively dilated out of proportion to body size over time, with 52 @entity0 (98%) having a Z-score >2 at most recent follow-up. Neo- @entity1 was present in 61% of @entity0 at most recent follow-up, with progression over time in 26 @entity0 (49%). However, neo- @entity1 was more than mild in only three @entity0 . Significantly larger neo-aortic root Z-scores were observed in @entity0 with any degree of neo- @entity1 at most recent follow-up. No other anatomic or clinical variables correlated with severity of neo- @entity1 or root dilation. CONCLUSIONS: After staged reconstruction for @entity4 , neo-aortic root dilation and neo- @entity1 progress over time. Early volume unloading does not have a beneficial impact on dilation of the neo-aortic root. These findings raise concerns about neo-aortic valve function into adulthood.

title: Neo-aortic root dilation and XXXX up to 21 years after staged reconstruction for @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to assess the prevalence and progression of neo-aortic root dilation and @entity2 after staged reconstruction for @entity4 ( @entity4 ). BACKGROUND: In @entity4 , the @entity2 as the neo-aortic valve. @entity3 has been observed after arterial switch operation and the Ross procedure. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity4 born before January 1995 who had the Fontan operation and had serial echocardiograms were included. Echocardiograms were reviewed preoperatively, after each surgical reconstruction, and at most recent follow-up for neo-aortic root size and severity of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Potential risk factors for @entity3 were assessed. RESULTS: Fifty-three @entity0 met inclusion criteria. Bidirectional superior cavopulmonary anastomosis as an interim procedure was performed in 39 @entity0 (74%). Median duration of follow-up was 9.2 (range 5.1 to 21) years. During follow-up, the neo-aortic root progressively dilated out of proportion to body size over time, with 52 @entity0 (98%) having a Z-score >2 at most recent follow-up. Neo- @entity1 was present in 61% of @entity0 at most recent follow-up, with progression over time in 26 @entity0 (49%). However, neo- @entity1 was more than mild in only three @entity0 . Significantly larger neo-aortic root Z-scores were observed in @entity0 with any degree of neo- @entity1 at most recent follow-up. No other anatomic or clinical variables correlated with severity of neo- @entity1 or root dilation. CONCLUSIONS: After staged reconstruction for @entity4 , neo-aortic root dilation and neo- @entity1 progress over time. Early volume unloading does not have a beneficial impact on dilation of the neo-aortic root. These findings raise concerns about neo-aortic valve function into adulthood.

title: Neo-aortic root dilation and @entity2 up to 21 years after staged reconstruction for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the effect of bronchoscopy on intestinal mucosal barrier function and its association with intestinal @entity3 production. METHODS: 30 @entity1 were used. The study group (n=15) underwent rigid bronchoscopy. At 24 h following bronchoscopy, ileal @entity8 / @entity5 levels were evaluated. The ileum was also examined for @entity0 , and graded according Chiu's histologic injury scale. RESULTS: In the bronchoscopy group, the ileal @entity8 / @entity5 levels were significantly higher than those of controls (398.5 +/- 85.1 and 44.5 +/- 6.6 nmol/g tissue, respectively, P=0.001). In the bronchoscopy group, the @entity0 was significant, compared with those of controls (mean ranks, 22.8 and 8.2, P<0.0001). The changes varied from denuded villi and dilated capillaries to significant @entity7 , @entity4 and @entity2 . Significant correlation was found between ileal @entity8 / @entity5 levels and @entity0 in the bronchoscopy group (rs=0.56, P=0.03). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that bronchoscopy induces @entity6 in association with excess intestinal @entity3 production. These events may be involved in mechanisms responsible for bacterial translocation after bronchoscopy.

title: Bronchoscopy induces @entity6 : a possible role for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the effect of bronchoscopy on intestinal mucosal barrier function and its association with intestinal @entity3 production. METHODS: 30 @entity1 were used. The study group (n=15) underwent rigid bronchoscopy. At 24 h following bronchoscopy, ileal @entity8 / @entity5 levels were evaluated. The ileum was also examined for @entity0 , and graded according Chiu's histologic injury scale. RESULTS: In the bronchoscopy group, the ileal @entity8 / @entity5 levels were significantly higher than those of controls (398.5 +/- 85.1 and 44.5 +/- 6.6 nmol/g tissue, respectively, P=0.001). In the bronchoscopy group, the @entity0 was significant, compared with those of controls (mean ranks, 22.8 and 8.2, P<0.0001). The changes varied from denuded villi and dilated capillaries to significant @entity7 , @entity4 and @entity2 . Significant correlation was found between ileal @entity8 / @entity5 levels and @entity0 in the bronchoscopy group (rs=0.56, P=0.03). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that bronchoscopy induces @entity6 in association with excess intestinal @entity3 production. These events may be involved in mechanisms responsible for bacterial translocation after bronchoscopy.

title: Bronchoscopy induces XXXX : a possible role for @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: From 1968-1976, 412 @entity0 were operated on for @entity1 . One hundred fifty-six underwent abdominoperineal resection (APR) and 256 underwent low anterior resection (LAR). One hundred ninety-two underwent en bloc pelvic lymphadenectomy in conjunction with their resection, while 220 @entity0 underwent more conservative or conventional resection. Thirty-day hospital mortality was 1.7%. The @entity1 -related 5-year survival was 58.8% for all @entity0 . The proportion of @entity0 surviving 5 years after LAR (62.8%) was significantly better than those surviving after APR (52.4%), p = 0.008. Statistically significantly superior survival was observed after extended dissection when compared to conventional resections in Dukes' A, B, and C @entity0 as a whole (63.8 and 54.3%) and in Dukes' C @entity0 in particular. Superiority of en bloc pelvic lymphadenectomy versus conventional resection was observed in all cases of Dukes' Stage C, Astler-Coller Stage C1, Level II (adjacent) lymph nodes, and Level I (proximal) lymph nodes and was most effective in combination with sphincter-preserving operations. @entity0 groups were compared for bias and/or case selection, using both contingency tables and Cox-based multiple covariant linear regression analysis, and none was found. In the face of current adjuvant therapy, which is of questionable benefit and which carries its own treatment morbidity, en bloc pelvic lymphadenectomy is advocated as an adjunct to the curative operations for @entity1 . To improve the overall benefit, @entity0 can be selected for pelvic lymphadenectomy as an adjuvant to resection when preoperative examination suggests that the @entity1 penetrates the bowel wall. Accurate preoperative staging may help to define a more restricted group of @entity0 warranting (pelvic lymphadenectomy) (PLND). A control randomized trial of the effectiveness of PLND is appropriate to further test its value.

title: En bloc pelvic lymphadenectomy and sphincter preservation in the surgical management of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: From 1972 to 1981, 174 @entity0 with @entity3 surgically staged as B2 or C disease, underwent surgical resection of the @entity2 for cure. Eighty-eight @entity0 received surgery only with no further adjuvant therapy, and the remaining 86 @entity0 were treated with a combination of radiation and surgery. Twenty-nine @entity0 received low-dose preoperative radiation (500 rad in one fraction); 26 @entity0 received postoperative radiation (4500 rad in 5 weeks); and 31 @entity0 received combined low-dose preoperative radiation (500 rad) and postoperative radiation (4500 rad in 5 weeks). This experience was analyzed to determine the patterns of failure and the impact of adjuvant therapy on survival. @entity0 undergoing surgery alone had a 26% incidence of local failure in the pelvis and a 57% incidence of distant @entity1 . @entity0 receiving low-dose preoperative radiation had a reduction in the rate of distant @entity1 (24%), but no effect on local failure (34%). On the other hand, @entity0 receiving postoperative radiation had a reduction in the local failure rate (11%), with no effect on distant @entity1 (50%). @entity0 who received the combined preoperative and postoperative treatment had a reduction in both the local recurrence rate (7%), and the rate of distant @entity1 (13%), and these @entity0 also had a substantial improvement in survival over surgery alone. Survival of @entity0 undergoing surgery alone was 34% at 5 years and was not substantially different for @entity0 undergoing low-dose preoperative irradiation (48%), or for @entity0 receiving postoperative irradiation (29%). Survival in @entity0 receiving combined preoperative and postoperative irradiation was substantially better (78%) than the other groups of @entity0 .

title: Results of adjuvant radiation therapy in XXXX . Thomas Jefferson University Hospital experience.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bacterial whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has the potential to identify reservoirs of multidrug-resistant organisms and transmission of these pathogens across healthcare networks. We used WGS to define transmission of @entity4 -resistant enterococci (VRE) within a long-term care facility (LTCF), and between this and an acute hospital in the United Kingdom (UK). METHODS: A longitudinal prospective observational study of @entity5 was conducted in a LTCF in Cambridge, UK. Stool samples were collected at recruitment, and then repeatedly until the end of the study period, discharge or @entity1 . Selective culture media were used to isolate VRE, which were subsequently sequenced and analysed. We also analysed the genomes of 45 @entity6 bloodstream isolates collected at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CUH). RESULTS: Forty-five residents were recruited during a 6-month period in 2014, and 693 stools were collected at a frequency of at least 1 week apart. Fifty-one stool samples from 3/45 @entity0 (7 %) were positive for @entity4 -resistant @entity6 . Two residents carried multiple VRE lineages, and one carried a single VRE lineage. Genome analyses based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the core genome indicated that VRE carried by each of the three residents were unrelated. @entity0 had extensive contact with the local healthcare network. We found that VRE genomes from LTCF residents and @entity3 were interspersed throughout the phylogenetic tree, with several instances of closely related VRE strains from the two settings. CONCLUSIONS: A proportion of LTCF residents are long-term carriers of VRE. Evidence for genetic relatedness between these and VRE associated with @entity2 in a nearby acute NHS Trust indicate a shared bacterial population.

title: Whole-genome sequencing reveals transmission of XXXX -resistant @entity6 in a healthcare network.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bacterial whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has the potential to identify reservoirs of multidrug-resistant organisms and transmission of these pathogens across healthcare networks. We used WGS to define transmission of @entity4 -resistant enterococci (VRE) within a long-term care facility (LTCF), and between this and an acute hospital in the United Kingdom (UK). METHODS: A longitudinal prospective observational study of @entity5 was conducted in a LTCF in Cambridge, UK. Stool samples were collected at recruitment, and then repeatedly until the end of the study period, discharge or @entity1 . Selective culture media were used to isolate VRE, which were subsequently sequenced and analysed. We also analysed the genomes of 45 @entity6 bloodstream isolates collected at Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust (CUH). RESULTS: Forty-five residents were recruited during a 6-month period in 2014, and 693 stools were collected at a frequency of at least 1 week apart. Fifty-one stool samples from 3/45 @entity0 (7 %) were positive for @entity4 -resistant @entity6 . Two residents carried multiple VRE lineages, and one carried a single VRE lineage. Genome analyses based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the core genome indicated that VRE carried by each of the three residents were unrelated. @entity0 had extensive contact with the local healthcare network. We found that VRE genomes from LTCF residents and @entity3 were interspersed throughout the phylogenetic tree, with several instances of closely related VRE strains from the two settings. CONCLUSIONS: A proportion of LTCF residents are long-term carriers of VRE. Evidence for genetic relatedness between these and VRE associated with @entity2 in a nearby acute NHS Trust indicate a shared bacterial population.

title: Whole-genome sequencing reveals transmission of @entity4 -resistant XXXX in a healthcare network.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a rare @entity1 caused by an uncontrolled activation of the alternative complement pathway leading to @entity3 in 50  % of @entity0 . As such, @entity6 has been classified within the spectrum of complement component 3 ( @entity8 ) glomerulopathies due to its pathogenesis from alternative pathway dysregulation. Conventional immunosuppressive therapies have no proven effectiveness. Eculizumab, a terminal complement inhibitor, has been reported to mitigate disease in some cases. CASE-DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT: We report on the efficacy of eculizumab in a pediatric @entity0 who failed to respond to @entity5 , @entity2 , and plasma exchange. Complement biomarker profiling was remarkable for low serum @entity8 , low properdin, and elevated soluble C5b-9. Consistent with these findings, the alternative pathway functional assay was abnormally low, indicative of alternative pathway activity, although neither @entity8 -nephritic factors nor @entity7 autoantibodies were detected. Eculizumab therapy was associated with significant improvement in @entity4 and renal function allowing discontinuation of hemodialysis (HD). Repeat @entity8 and soluble C5b-9 levels normalized, showing that terminal complement pathway activity was successfully blocked while the @entity0 was receiving eculizumab therapy. Repeat testing for alternative pathway activation allowed for a successful decrease in eculizumab dosing. CONCLUSIONS: The case reported here demonstrates the successful recovery of renal function in a pediatric @entity0 on HD following the use of eculizumab.

title: Discontinuation of dialysis with eculizumab therapy in a pediatric @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a rare @entity1 caused by an uncontrolled activation of the alternative complement pathway leading to @entity3 in 50  % of @entity0 . As such, @entity6 has been classified within the spectrum of complement component 3 ( @entity8 ) glomerulopathies due to its pathogenesis from alternative pathway dysregulation. Conventional immunosuppressive therapies have no proven effectiveness. Eculizumab, a terminal complement inhibitor, has been reported to mitigate disease in some cases. CASE-DIAGNOSIS/TREATMENT: We report on the efficacy of eculizumab in a pediatric @entity0 who failed to respond to @entity5 , @entity2 , and plasma exchange. Complement biomarker profiling was remarkable for low serum @entity8 , low properdin, and elevated soluble C5b-9. Consistent with these findings, the alternative pathway functional assay was abnormally low, indicative of alternative pathway activity, although neither @entity8 -nephritic factors nor @entity7 autoantibodies were detected. Eculizumab therapy was associated with significant improvement in @entity4 and renal function allowing discontinuation of hemodialysis (HD). Repeat @entity8 and soluble C5b-9 levels normalized, showing that terminal complement pathway activity was successfully blocked while the @entity0 was receiving eculizumab therapy. Repeat testing for alternative pathway activation allowed for a successful decrease in eculizumab dosing. CONCLUSIONS: The case reported here demonstrates the successful recovery of renal function in a pediatric @entity0 on HD following the use of eculizumab.

title: Discontinuation of dialysis with eculizumab therapy in a pediatric XXXX with @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Several compounds, in particular @entity5 , undergo enterohepatic circulation (EHC). Limited data are available on the pathophysiologic aspects of this circulation. In the present study we describe a surgical technique in @entity0 that allows a long-term, reversible interruption of the EHC and monitoring of peripheral blood levels without direct surgical intervention. This technique excludes the effects of anesthesia and surgical @entity2 . The model's validity has been tested extensively. We used this animal model to investigate acute and chronic effects of interruption and subsequent restoration of the EHC on (a) nutritional status, (b) plasma @entity3 levels and hepatic @entity3 synthesis, and (c) biliary @entity6 , phospholipid, and @entity3 excretion. Interruption of the EHC resulted in an increased food intake and enhanced fecal @entity4 , caused by a less efficient intestinal absorption. Plasma @entity3 concentrations declined immediately after the interruption of the EHC, but returned to almost control values during bile diversion. A marked overshoot followed the subsequent restoration of the EHC. Hepatic @entity3 synthesis showed a five-fold increase after 8 days of bile diversion but returned to control values within 2 days after restoration of the EHC. After interruption of the EHC, @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity3 excretion decreased sharply but stabilized after 3 h at 7.6%, 20%, and 23%, respectively, of their initial values. @entity6 output, representing @entity1 , slowly increased over 4 days, but never exceeded 13% of its value during intact EHC. Subsequent restoration of the EHC could rapidly reverse the observed effects of the interruption. The animal model described in the present study is an excellent tool in studying the acute and chronic effects of disturbances of the EHC.

title: Enterohepatic circulation in the XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Etodolac, a selective @entity3 ( @entity3 ) inhibitor, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. @entity3 is a key factor in the progression of @entity1 . Although @entity1 is an essential pathologic feature of cardiac allograft rejection, the role of @entity3 in this process remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of COX and the effects of etodolac in a @entity0 cardiac allograft model. Balb/c @entity0 (H-2d) were used as recipients and C57BL/6 (H-2b) @entity0 as heart donors. Heart function was evaluated daily after transplantation by regular abdominal palpation of the heart and by laparotomy in cases where the beating became weak. Rejection was defined as total cessation of cardiac muscle contraction. @entity3 expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Cardiac isograft was well tolerated (>150 days, n=5), while non-treated cardiac allograft was rapidly rejected (mean  10.9  2.4, n=7). In the etodolac-treated cardiac allograft (10 mg/kg/day by hypodermic injection), survival was extended to 18.53  2.1 days (n=7). The @entity2 area and the grade of @entity3 immunostaining were more significantly reduced in the etodolac-treated cardiac allograft than in the non-treated cardiac allograft at day  14. These results indicate that etodolac contributes to protection against rejection after heart transplantation. Etodolac could therefore be used to suppress graft rejection by means of its anti-inflammatory properties.

title: Administration of the selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor etodolac prolongs cardiac allograft survival in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Informed consent is a key element of ethical clinical research. Addicted population may be at risk for impaired consent capacity. However, very little research has focused on their comprehension of consent forms. The aim of this study is to assess the capacity of addicted individuals to provide consent to research. METHODS: 53 subjects with @entity4 diagnoses of a @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and 50 non @entity2 comparison subjects (NPCs) participated in the survey from December 2014 to March 2015. This cross-sectional study was carried out at a community-based Outpatient Treatment Center and at an urban-located Health Centre in Spain. A binary judgment of capacity/incapacity was made guided by the MacArthur Competence Assessment Tool for Clinical Research (MacCAT-CR) and a clinical interview. Demographics and clinical characteristics were assessed by cases notes and the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Global Assessment Functional Scale and the Clinical Global Impression Scale. RESULTS: NPCs performed the best on the MacCAT-CR, and @entity0 with @entity3 had the worst performance, particularly on the Understanding and Appreciation subscales. 32.7  % @entity3 @entity0 lacked research-related decisional capacity. There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of capacity to consent to research. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of our study provide evidence that a large proportion of individuals with @entity3 had decisional capacity for consent to research. It is therefore inappropriate to draw conclusions about capacity to make research decisions on the basis of a @entity3 diagnosis. In the absence of advanced @entity1 , acute withdrawal or intoxication, we should assume that addicted @entity0 possess decision-making capacity. Thus, the view that @entity0 with @entity3 would ipso facto lose decision-making power for research consent is flawed and stigmatizing.

title: "Decision-making capacity for research participation among addicted XXXX : a cross-sectional study".

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: CHA2DS2-VASc score has been validated in risk prediction for @entity1 and @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Association of CHA2DS2-VASc score with higher risk of @entity5 and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) has also been shown. In this study, we investigated the long-term prognostic value of CHA2DS2-VASc score in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: Consecutive @entity0 with @entity4 presenting to our emergency department were retrospectively recruited. @entity0 with @entity2 and who died secondary to causes other than @entity4 were excluded from the study. The CHA2DS2-VASc score and @entity4 severity index (PESI) were calculated. RESULTS: Two hundred seventy seven @entity0 were included in the study. The mortality rate was 18.7%. Twenty-two cases died within 30 days, and 30 cases died during the follow-up period (median: 13 months). The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was significantly higher in dead @entity0 compared to survivors (3.61    1.35 vs 1.95    1.52, P < .01). In multivariate regression analysis, systolic pulmonary artery pressure (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.06, P = .02), PESI score (HR: 1.010, 95% CI: 1.004-1.017, P < .01), and CHA2DS2-VASc score (HR: 1.67, 95% CI: 1.19-2.16, P < .01) were found to be independently correlated with mortality. The @entity0 whose CHA2DS2-VASc score was between 1 and 3 had 5.67 times and @entity0 whose CHA2DS2-VASc score was >= 4 had 16.8 times higher risk of mortality compared to @entity0 with CHA2DS2-VASc score = 0. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores had higher rates of mortality after @entity4 .

title: Higher CHA2DS2-VASc Score Is Associated With Increased Mortality in Acute XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of @entity4 on the genioglossus muscle in the performance of genioglossus advancement on @entity1 @entity3 in @entity0 undergoing @entity2 ( @entity2 ) surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Academic practice. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three subjects underwent genioglossus advancement with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for @entity2 . Subjects underwent pre- and postoperative polysomnography, cephalometry, and subjective assessment questionnaires. Eighteen subjects completed the study. The @entity4 force of the mandible and the bicortical width of the genial tubercle were measured and surgical response determined. RESULTS: Improvement in @entity2 index (AHI) was seen in 15 of 18 subjects (83.3%). Eleven subjects were classified as responders and 7 as nonresponders (61.1% success), with responders exhibiting a statistically significant reduction in mean delta AHI as compared with nonresponders: 28.3    26.2 versus 2.0    22.0 events per hour (95% confidence interval, 1.8-50.8; P = .037). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale improved from 13.2    4.5 to 7.6    3.4 (P = .002). There was no significant difference in body mass index, neck circumference, overall @entity4 , or mandibular width between responders and nonresponders. However, there was a significant difference in the @entity4 :width ratio between responders (53.9    6.38 g/mm) and nonresponders (65.4    11.2 g/mm; 95% confidence interval, 0.92-22.1; P = .036). CONCLUSION: This article describes a novel approach to determine the force applied to the genioglossus during advancement and its correlation to postoperative outcomes. The @entity4 :width ratio may be an indicator for postoperative success and delta AHI improvement in @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Predicting Surgical Response Using Tensiometry in XXXX @entity0 after Genioglossus Advancement with Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of @entity4 on the genioglossus muscle in the performance of genioglossus advancement on @entity1 @entity3 in @entity0 undergoing @entity2 ( @entity2 ) surgery. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Academic practice. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three subjects underwent genioglossus advancement with uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for @entity2 . Subjects underwent pre- and postoperative polysomnography, cephalometry, and subjective assessment questionnaires. Eighteen subjects completed the study. The @entity4 force of the mandible and the bicortical width of the genial tubercle were measured and surgical response determined. RESULTS: Improvement in @entity2 index (AHI) was seen in 15 of 18 subjects (83.3%). Eleven subjects were classified as responders and 7 as nonresponders (61.1% success), with responders exhibiting a statistically significant reduction in mean delta AHI as compared with nonresponders: 28.3    26.2 versus 2.0    22.0 events per hour (95% confidence interval, 1.8-50.8; P = .037). The Epworth Sleepiness Scale improved from 13.2    4.5 to 7.6    3.4 (P = .002). There was no significant difference in body mass index, neck circumference, overall @entity4 , or mandibular width between responders and nonresponders. However, there was a significant difference in the @entity4 :width ratio between responders (53.9    6.38 g/mm) and nonresponders (65.4    11.2 g/mm; 95% confidence interval, 0.92-22.1; P = .036). CONCLUSION: This article describes a novel approach to determine the force applied to the genioglossus during advancement and its correlation to postoperative outcomes. The @entity4 :width ratio may be an indicator for postoperative success and delta AHI improvement in @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Predicting Surgical Response Using Tensiometry in @entity2 XXXX after Genioglossus Advancement with Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 substrate (IRS) Type 1 is a main substrate for the @entity5 , controls insulin signaling in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the vascular, so it is an important candidate gene for insulin resistance (IR). We aimed to compare the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop @entity2 (DASH) and Usual Dietary Advices (UDA) on @entity6 gene expression in @entity0 at risk for @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in 44 @entity0 at risk for @entity1 . @entity0 were randomly assigned to a UDA diet or the DASH diet. The DASH diet was rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products and low in saturated fat, total fat, @entity3 , refined grains, and sweets, with a total of 2400 mg/day @entity4 . The UDA diet was a regular diet with healthy dietary advice. Gene expression was assessed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction at the first of study and after 12 weeks. Independent sample t-test and paired-samples t-test were used to compare means of all variables within and between two groups respectively. RESULTS: @entity6 gene expression was increased in DASH group compared with UDA diet (P = 0.00). Weight and waist circumference decreased in DASH group significantly compared to the UDA group (P < 0.05) but the results between the two groups showed no significant difference. CONCLUSION: DASH diet increased @entity6 gene expression and probably has beneficial effects on IR risks.

title: Dietary approaches to stop @entity2 influence on XXXX substrate-1gene expression: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 substrate (IRS) Type 1 is a main substrate for the @entity5 , controls insulin signaling in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the vascular, so it is an important candidate gene for insulin resistance (IR). We aimed to compare the effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop @entity2 (DASH) and Usual Dietary Advices (UDA) on @entity6 gene expression in @entity0 at risk for @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized controlled clinical trial was performed in 44 @entity0 at risk for @entity1 . @entity0 were randomly assigned to a UDA diet or the DASH diet. The DASH diet was rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy products and low in saturated fat, total fat, @entity3 , refined grains, and sweets, with a total of 2400 mg/day @entity4 . The UDA diet was a regular diet with healthy dietary advice. Gene expression was assessed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction at the first of study and after 12 weeks. Independent sample t-test and paired-samples t-test were used to compare means of all variables within and between two groups respectively. RESULTS: @entity6 gene expression was increased in DASH group compared with UDA diet (P = 0.00). Weight and waist circumference decreased in DASH group significantly compared to the UDA group (P < 0.05) but the results between the two groups showed no significant difference. CONCLUSION: DASH diet increased @entity6 gene expression and probably has beneficial effects on IR risks.

title: Dietary approaches to stop XXXX influence on @entity5 substrate-1gene expression: A randomized controlled clinical trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the @entity4 after double-J stent use and the risk factors for @entity3 linked to the stent. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 102 @entity0 (61 @entity0 and 41 @entity0 , mean age 47.5    14.16) were examined. The stents were removed under aseptic conditions, and a urine culture was obtained before the removal of the stents. After the stents were removed, the upper, central and lower sections were separated, and washing water was sent through the stent. RESULTS: Bacterial colonisation was found in 29.4% (30 of 102) of the stents. The most frequently observed microorganisms were determined as staphylococcus, coagulase negative (8 of 30) and @entity2 (5 of 30). The washing fluid used to clean the interior of the catheter produced pathogens in 8 @entity0 (7.8%), and these pathogens were observed to be the same microorganisms that colonised the outside of the stent. There was no statistical difference between the @entity0 with colonisation and those without in terms of age, gender, duration of stenting and reason for stent insertion. CONCLUSIONS: Though stent colonisation does not always entail symptomatic @entity1 , as shown in our study, the pathogens in the urine culture are the same as those colonising the stent, confirming the reality that colonisation is the main factor in these events. Additionally, according to our study, significant colonisation may be found in the first 3 weeks, contrary to the literature, causing us to consider that @entity1 may develop even in the early period.

title: Incidence of XXXX after indwelling of double-J ureteral stent.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 is usually black in color because of the existence of melanin pigments in it. Differing from such a @entity3 , @entity9 , which has no melanin pigments and is not black-colored, is rarely described in literature. In this report, a case of @entity9 of unknown origin is presented and discussed. This represents the seventh case report of an @entity9 . On May 28, 1984, a 55-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our department because of repeated left hemiconvulsion. Neurological and physical examination disclosed left @entity5 , poor concentration and right inguinal @entity1 . CT scan revealed a right posterior frontal mass with ring like enhancement. On June 7, the @entity0 underwent craniotomy. The @entity6 , partly emerged from right frontal lobe, was reddish and easy to bleed. Macroscopically there were no abnormal findings over leptomeniges. The right inguial @entity1 , that were lymph nodes, were also removed simultaneously. Microscopic interpretation at that time was that of a @entity1 of ectodermal origin. Although no melanin pigments were demonstrated in any specimens except for a part of lymph nodes, dopa reaction was positive in both specimens from the @entity6 and the inguial lymph nodes, strongly suggesting @entity9 . Postoperative course was uneventful, but CT scan of Aug. 31 again showed multiple intracerebral enhanced lesion and @entity4 . @entity8 , right @entity5 and consciousness disturbance developed gradually, and he died on Sept. 21, 1984. Autopsy demonstrated multiple intracerebral @entity7 , containing much @entity1 cells in lung, thyroid and subcutaneous tissue. @entity2 remained unknown in spite of an extensive examination in autopsy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [A case of XXXX ].

answer: @entity9


abstract: The targeting accuracy during CT-guided stereotactic radiofrequency ablation (SRFA) of @entity1 was evaluated in a clinical study. @entity0 under general anaesthesia were immobilized using a vacuum cushion and respiratory motion control was based on temporary disconnections of the endotracheal tube. An optical-based navigation system was used for 3D trajectory planning and needle placement via a stereotactic aiming device. A control CT with the needles in place was fused with the planning CT for accuracy evaluation. Sub-analysis was performed for "location" (liver segments II-VIII), "approach" (intercostal or transabdominal), "properties" (clear parenchymal, subcapsular, subphrenic, fat, and subphrenic plus fat), and "path length". In 20 @entity0 with 35 @entity2 , a total of 145 needles were placed with mean (  SD) lateral errors of 3.6    2.5 mm at the needle tip, angular errors of 1.3      1.2  , and @entity3 at the needle tip of -7.4    6.2 mm. No puncture-related complications were noted. No significant differences of angular errors between segments, approach and properties were recorded. Long paths correlated with @entity4 . CT-guided stereotaxy can be considered safe and provided precise multiple needle placement for SRFA of @entity2 at arbitrary trajectories in various segments and locations.

title: Targeting accuracy of CT-guided stereotaxy for radiofrequency ablation of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) is the major cause of @entity7 in @entity0 . Photochemoprevention with natural products represents a simple but very effective strategy for the management of cutaneous @entity1 . We studied the photoprotective activity of @entity12 and red grape seed ( @entity13 , Burgund Mare variety [BM]) extracts in vivo in an SKH-1 hairless @entity2 skin model. Fifty 8-week-old female SKH-1 hairless @entity2 were randomly divided into 5 groups (n   =   10 each): controls, UVB-irradiated, @entity14 plus UVB-irradiated, BM plus UVB-irradiated, and @entity10 ( @entity11 ) plus UVB-irradiated. A dose of 4 mg/ @entity2 per cm   of skin area for both extracts was topically applied to the @entity2 30 minutes before a single-dose (240 mJ/cm  ) UVB exposure. @entity11 dissolved in @entity6 -buffered saline (pH 6.6; 0.067 M) was administered at 2 mg/ @entity2 per cm  . @entity8 peroxidase and catalase activities, @entity8 ( @entity9 ), @entity5 , @entity4 , and @entity3 activity were determined in skin homogenates 24 hours after irradiation. A single dose of UVB increased @entity9 levels and @entity8 peroxidase activity in the exposed skin. @entity14 and BM pretreatment significantly decreased @entity9 formation and @entity8 peroxidase activity (P   <   .001) and inhibited UVB-induced lipid peroxidation (P   <   .0001) and @entity4 production ( @entity14 : P   <   .06). Topical treatments with @entity14 and particularly BM extracts (P   <   .002) significantly reduced @entity3 activity, indicating that the cells were protected against apoptosis. These results suggest that @entity14 and BM extracts might be chemopreventive candidates for reducing UV-induced risk for @entity7 .

title: Photoprotective effects of two natural products on ultraviolet B-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in SKH-1 XXXX skin.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 and atopy prevalence patterns in the developing world are only beginning to be defined. No such information exists for Vietnam. Estimates would assist in anticipating health service needs as well as add to the growing database on global patterns of atopy. To estimate the prevalence of @entity5 in school @entity0 in Ha Noi, Vietnam, a cross-sectional survey was conducted of @entity0 aged 5- to 11-years-old in two schools using the parent self-administered International Study of @entity4 in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. The response rate was 66.4% (969 responses). The overall prevalence of selected symptoms were: 'ever wheezed' 24.9%, 'wheezed in past 12 months' 14.9%, 'ever had @entity3 ' 12.1%, 'doctor-diagnosed @entity3 ' 13.9%, 'ever experienced @entity6 ( @entity6 ) symptoms' 34.9%, ' @entity6 - @entity7 symptoms in past 12 months' 10.7%, 'ever had @entity6 ' 7.8%, 'doctor-diagnosed @entity6 ' 11.2%, 'ever had @entity2 ' 3.3% and 'doctor-diagnosed @entity2 ' 3.2%. Kappa statistics demonstrated high within symptom category consistency for 'ever had @entity3 /doctor-diagnosed @entity3 ' (0.728) and 'ever had @entity2 /doctor-diagnosed @entity2 ' (0.906). Age and gender adjusted odds ratios (OR) were also consistently significant across wheeze and @entity6 symptom categories [highest OR = 10.10 (95% CI 6.23-16.35) between @entity1 and wheeze in past 12 months]. There is a high prevalence of ISAAC-based symptoms in school @entity0 in Ha Noi, Vietnam, often above global averages. The high level of association between @entity5 suggests some degree of reliability and validity. Childhood atopy symptom prevalence in Vietnam is more similar to that in developed countries rather than developing countries.

title: ISAAC-based @entity3 and XXXX among Ha Noi school @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity3 and atopy prevalence patterns in the developing world are only beginning to be defined. No such information exists for Vietnam. Estimates would assist in anticipating health service needs as well as add to the growing database on global patterns of atopy. To estimate the prevalence of @entity5 in school @entity0 in Ha Noi, Vietnam, a cross-sectional survey was conducted of @entity0 aged 5- to 11-years-old in two schools using the parent self-administered International Study of @entity4 in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. The response rate was 66.4% (969 responses). The overall prevalence of selected symptoms were: 'ever wheezed' 24.9%, 'wheezed in past 12 months' 14.9%, 'ever had @entity3 ' 12.1%, 'doctor-diagnosed @entity3 ' 13.9%, 'ever experienced @entity6 ( @entity6 ) symptoms' 34.9%, ' @entity6 - @entity7 symptoms in past 12 months' 10.7%, 'ever had @entity6 ' 7.8%, 'doctor-diagnosed @entity6 ' 11.2%, 'ever had @entity2 ' 3.3% and 'doctor-diagnosed @entity2 ' 3.2%. Kappa statistics demonstrated high within symptom category consistency for 'ever had @entity3 /doctor-diagnosed @entity3 ' (0.728) and 'ever had @entity2 /doctor-diagnosed @entity2 ' (0.906). Age and gender adjusted odds ratios (OR) were also consistently significant across wheeze and @entity6 symptom categories [highest OR = 10.10 (95% CI 6.23-16.35) between @entity1 and wheeze in past 12 months]. There is a high prevalence of ISAAC-based symptoms in school @entity0 in Ha Noi, Vietnam, often above global averages. The high level of association between @entity5 suggests some degree of reliability and validity. Childhood atopy symptom prevalence in Vietnam is more similar to that in developed countries rather than developing countries.

title: ISAAC-based XXXX and @entity5 among Ha Noi school @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 and atopy prevalence patterns in the developing world are only beginning to be defined. No such information exists for Vietnam. Estimates would assist in anticipating health service needs as well as add to the growing database on global patterns of atopy. To estimate the prevalence of @entity5 in school @entity0 in Ha Noi, Vietnam, a cross-sectional survey was conducted of @entity0 aged 5- to 11-years-old in two schools using the parent self-administered International Study of @entity4 in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. The response rate was 66.4% (969 responses). The overall prevalence of selected symptoms were: 'ever wheezed' 24.9%, 'wheezed in past 12 months' 14.9%, 'ever had @entity3 ' 12.1%, 'doctor-diagnosed @entity3 ' 13.9%, 'ever experienced @entity6 ( @entity6 ) symptoms' 34.9%, ' @entity6 - @entity7 symptoms in past 12 months' 10.7%, 'ever had @entity6 ' 7.8%, 'doctor-diagnosed @entity6 ' 11.2%, 'ever had @entity2 ' 3.3% and 'doctor-diagnosed @entity2 ' 3.2%. Kappa statistics demonstrated high within symptom category consistency for 'ever had @entity3 /doctor-diagnosed @entity3 ' (0.728) and 'ever had @entity2 /doctor-diagnosed @entity2 ' (0.906). Age and gender adjusted odds ratios (OR) were also consistently significant across wheeze and @entity6 symptom categories [highest OR = 10.10 (95% CI 6.23-16.35) between @entity1 and wheeze in past 12 months]. There is a high prevalence of ISAAC-based symptoms in school @entity0 in Ha Noi, Vietnam, often above global averages. The high level of association between @entity5 suggests some degree of reliability and validity. Childhood atopy symptom prevalence in Vietnam is more similar to that in developed countries rather than developing countries.

title: ISAAC-based @entity3 and @entity5 among Ha Noi school XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 is a member of the selectin family of cell adhesion molecules which are important in the transient attachment of leukocytes to endothelial cells and platelets. A number of polymorphisms in the gene encoding @entity4 have been identified. Objectives were to investigate the relationship of soluble @entity5 )-selectin with @entity4 gene polymorphisms and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Two hundred and forty-nine @entity0 , with extent of @entity1 characterized by >or=50% @entity3 in one or more coronary arteries, and 252 healthy controls were studied. Soluble @entity4 was significantly higher in the @entity0 than controls after adjustment for age, sex and smoking [ @entity0 49.8 (47.5-52.1) ng mL-1; controls 46.7 (44.5-49.1) ng mL-1, P = 0.03). There was no association of sP-selectin with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or presence of >or=50% @entity3 . The @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity8 (but not the @entity9 ) polymorphisms were in strong linkage disequilibrium. The @entity9 polymorphism was significantly associated with sP-selectin even after adjustment for covariates [TT 48.9 (46.9-50.0) ng mL-1; TP + PP 40.7 (38.1-43.6) ng mL-1, P < 0.0001]. A significant interaction of @entity9 and smoking status was identified in the determination of sP-selectin levels. There was no significant association of genotype at any of the polymorphism in relation to @entity2 or @entity3 . The @entity9 polymorphisms is associated with plasma sP-selectin. This association is modulated by smoking, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

title: Soluble XXXX levels, @entity4 polymorphisms and cardiovascular disease.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 is a member of the selectin family of cell adhesion molecules which are important in the transient attachment of leukocytes to endothelial cells and platelets. A number of polymorphisms in the gene encoding @entity4 have been identified. Objectives were to investigate the relationship of soluble @entity5 )-selectin with @entity4 gene polymorphisms and @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Two hundred and forty-nine @entity0 , with extent of @entity1 characterized by >or=50% @entity3 in one or more coronary arteries, and 252 healthy controls were studied. Soluble @entity4 was significantly higher in the @entity0 than controls after adjustment for age, sex and smoking [ @entity0 49.8 (47.5-52.1) ng mL-1; controls 46.7 (44.5-49.1) ng mL-1, P = 0.03). There was no association of sP-selectin with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) or presence of >or=50% @entity3 . The @entity6 , @entity7 and @entity8 (but not the @entity9 ) polymorphisms were in strong linkage disequilibrium. The @entity9 polymorphism was significantly associated with sP-selectin even after adjustment for covariates [TT 48.9 (46.9-50.0) ng mL-1; TP + PP 40.7 (38.1-43.6) ng mL-1, P < 0.0001]. A significant interaction of @entity9 and smoking status was identified in the determination of sP-selectin levels. There was no significant association of genotype at any of the polymorphism in relation to @entity2 or @entity3 . The @entity9 polymorphisms is associated with plasma sP-selectin. This association is modulated by smoking, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear.

title: Soluble @entity4 levels, XXXX polymorphisms and cardiovascular disease.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: To determine the incidence and factors responsible for @entity4 and stricture following anterior resection (AR) and its subsequent management. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data from 108 @entity0 with @entity2 who underwent AR or low anterior resection (LAR) to identify the various preoperative, operative, and post operative factors that might have influence on @entity4 and strictures. RESULTS: There were 68 males and 40 females with an average of 47 years (range 21-75 years). The median distance of the @entity1 from the anal verge was 8 cm (range 3-15 cm). Sixty (55.6%) @entity0 underwent handsewn @entity3 and 48 (44.4%) were stapled. The median operating time was 3.5 h (range 2.0-7.5 h). Sixteen (14.6%) @entity0 had an @entity4 . Among these, 11 @entity0 required re-exploration and five were managed expectantly. The @entity4 rate was similar in @entity0 with and without diverting stoma (8/60, 13.4% with stoma and 8/48; 16.7% without stoma). In 15 (13.9%) @entity0 , resection margins were positive for @entity1 . Nineteen (17.6%) @entity0 developed anastomotic strictures at a median duration of 8 mo (range 3-20 mo). Among these, 15 @entity0 were successfully managed with per-anal dilatation. On multivariate analysis, advance age (> 60 years) was the only risk factor for @entity4 (P = 0.004). On the other hand, @entity4 (P = 0.00), mucin positive @entity1 (P = 0.021), and lower rectal growth (P = 0.011) were found as risk factors for the development of an anastomotic stricture. CONCLUSION: Advance age is a risk factor for an @entity4 . An @entity4 , a mucin-secreting @entity1 , and lower rectal growth predispose @entity0 to develop anastomotic strictures.

title: Anterior resection for @entity2 - risk factors for XXXX and strictures.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: To determine the incidence and factors responsible for @entity4 and stricture following anterior resection (AR) and its subsequent management. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data from 108 @entity0 with @entity2 who underwent AR or low anterior resection (LAR) to identify the various preoperative, operative, and post operative factors that might have influence on @entity4 and strictures. RESULTS: There were 68 males and 40 females with an average of 47 years (range 21-75 years). The median distance of the @entity1 from the anal verge was 8 cm (range 3-15 cm). Sixty (55.6%) @entity0 underwent handsewn @entity3 and 48 (44.4%) were stapled. The median operating time was 3.5 h (range 2.0-7.5 h). Sixteen (14.6%) @entity0 had an @entity4 . Among these, 11 @entity0 required re-exploration and five were managed expectantly. The @entity4 rate was similar in @entity0 with and without diverting stoma (8/60, 13.4% with stoma and 8/48; 16.7% without stoma). In 15 (13.9%) @entity0 , resection margins were positive for @entity1 . Nineteen (17.6%) @entity0 developed anastomotic strictures at a median duration of 8 mo (range 3-20 mo). Among these, 15 @entity0 were successfully managed with per-anal dilatation. On multivariate analysis, advance age (> 60 years) was the only risk factor for @entity4 (P = 0.004). On the other hand, @entity4 (P = 0.00), mucin positive @entity1 (P = 0.021), and lower rectal growth (P = 0.011) were found as risk factors for the development of an anastomotic stricture. CONCLUSION: Advance age is a risk factor for an @entity4 . An @entity4 , a mucin-secreting @entity1 , and lower rectal growth predispose @entity0 to develop anastomotic strictures.

title: Anterior resection for XXXX - risk factors for @entity4 and strictures.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although it is well known that drug-drug interactions may lead to @entity1 and therapeutic failure, little is known about the incidence and consequences of herb-drug interactions in @entity0 receiving Kampo medicines. METHODS: We evaluated the frequency of the combined use of Kampo medicines and Western drugs at Osaka University Hospital, and investigated the effects of these formulae on the metabolic activity of different cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms using pooled microsomes obtained from @entity0 liver. RESULTS: Twenty-two Kampo formulae were used together with 40 Western drugs catalyzed by the CYP isoforms @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity2 . Among the Kampo medicines, HOCHUEKKI-TO, SHOSAIKO-TO, NINJINYOUEI-TO, SAIREI-TO and KAKKON-TO were most frequently used during the study period (1996-2000). These were co-administered with 11 categories of drugs, which are substrates for @entity5 . HOCHUEKKI-TO and SAIREI-TO were competitive inhibitors of @entity5 with Ki values of 0.65 and 0.1 mg/mL, respectively. HOCHUEKKI-TO, SHOSAIKO-TO and @entity6 inhibited the metabolic activities of @entity3 , but had no effect on @entity4 . HOCHUEKKI-TO and SAIREI-TO exhibited non-competitive inhibition of the metabolic activity of @entity3 with a similar Ki value (0.7-0.8 mg/mL). SAIRE-TO (0.25 mg/mL) was a potent inhibitor of @entity2 (inhibition > 68%). CONCLUSIONS: Frequently used Kampo medicines may interact with Western drugs, which are substrates for @entity5 , @entity3 and @entity2 . Their co-administration should be undertaken with care.

title: In vitro inhibitory effects of Kampo medicines on metabolic reactions catalyzed by XXXX liver microsomes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The standard low-dose-rate (LDR) delivery system utilized in the definitive management of @entity0 with cervical @entity2 involves an intrauterine tandem and a pair of vaginal colpostats (ovoids). This well-known application system may deliver inadequate dosage if the @entity1 extends to the lower vaginal mucosa. During the gauze packing of the ovoids, either operator error or narrowing of the vaginal apex can result in mal-alignment of the colpostats and subsequent inadequate dosing to the ecto-cervix. A novel vaginal cylinder has been designed to address these concerns. Beginning January 1, 2001, @entity0 with @entity1 , endometrium, or vagina requiring LDR brachytherapy have been enrolled into an institutionally sanctioned clinical trial. As of May 31, 2001, a total of 11 @entity0 have been entered but only 10 were successfully implanted with the test device. @entity0 follow-up has ranged from 0.81 years to 1.2 years (median: 0.96 years). Using our study applicator, all @entity0 received within 10% of the preimplant prescribed dose to @entity1 . Also, no one had cumulative dosage that exceeded 10% of the maximum allowed dose to the critical normal tissues. Thus far, all study @entity0 have had no clinical evidence of persistence/recurrence of disease or complications from treatment. The preliminary results presented herein clearly demonstrate the feasibility of this novel LDR vaginal cylinder in the treatment of a variety of clinical situations involving @entity1 . Our institutional trial is continuing.

title: A novel applicator for low-dose-rate brachytherapy of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Three @entity0 with @entity12 were treated surgically between February and September 1984. All @entity0 had suffered from @entity2 with U waves in ECG and laboratory examinations revealed @entity13 , hyperaldosteronemia and suppressed plasma @entity6 activity. The localization of the @entity1 was diagnosed accurately in all 3 @entity0 by adrenal vein sampling and in 2 of the @entity0 by PRP, CT scan, adrenal scanning with 131I-iodo @entity3 and adrenal venography. @entity1 were surgically removed by unilateral adrenalectomy through the flank approach in all cases. Histological examinations of removed specimens showed @entity5 . Removal of the @entity4 caused a prompt reversal of the laboratory serum abnormalities and @entity2 was normalized within 2 weeks postoperatively in all cases. Severe @entity9 ( @entity10 ) was observed suddenly in one of the @entity0 after about 5 hours postoperatively. Therapy including conventional antiarrhythmic drugs, such as @entity18 or @entity15 , and @entity8 administration failed to prevent the @entity7 . @entity9 was successfully treated and disappeared with the use of @entity16 ( @entity17 ) intravenously. The serum @entity8 concentration was normal during the episode and the serum @entity14 concentration, which was not detected before or just after the operation, was under the limit of normal range (1.4 mEq/l) after the use of @entity16 . @entity11 which is retrospectively thought to be the result of @entity12 may be responsible for the episode of postoperative @entity9 .

title: [Three cases of XXXX including one case with postoperative @entity9 ].

answer: @entity12


abstract: Three @entity0 with @entity12 were treated surgically between February and September 1984. All @entity0 had suffered from @entity2 with U waves in ECG and laboratory examinations revealed @entity13 , hyperaldosteronemia and suppressed plasma @entity6 activity. The localization of the @entity1 was diagnosed accurately in all 3 @entity0 by adrenal vein sampling and in 2 of the @entity0 by PRP, CT scan, adrenal scanning with 131I-iodo @entity3 and adrenal venography. @entity1 were surgically removed by unilateral adrenalectomy through the flank approach in all cases. Histological examinations of removed specimens showed @entity5 . Removal of the @entity4 caused a prompt reversal of the laboratory serum abnormalities and @entity2 was normalized within 2 weeks postoperatively in all cases. Severe @entity9 ( @entity10 ) was observed suddenly in one of the @entity0 after about 5 hours postoperatively. Therapy including conventional antiarrhythmic drugs, such as @entity18 or @entity15 , and @entity8 administration failed to prevent the @entity7 . @entity9 was successfully treated and disappeared with the use of @entity16 ( @entity17 ) intravenously. The serum @entity8 concentration was normal during the episode and the serum @entity14 concentration, which was not detected before or just after the operation, was under the limit of normal range (1.4 mEq/l) after the use of @entity16 . @entity11 which is retrospectively thought to be the result of @entity12 may be responsible for the episode of postoperative @entity9 .

title: [Three cases of @entity12 including one case with postoperative XXXX ].

answer: @entity9


abstract: Seven cDNA clones coding for different muscle-specific proteins (MSPs) were isolated from the fast muscle tissue of @entity3 @entity3 L. In situ hybridization using cRNA probes was used to characterize the temporal and spatial patterns of gene expression with respect to somite stage in embryos incubated at 4 degrees C, 7 degrees C and 10 degrees C. MyoD transcripts were first observed in the presomitic mesoderm prior to somite formation, and in the lateral compartment of the forming somites. MyoD expression was not observed in the adaxial cells that give rise to the slow muscle layer, and expression was undetectable by in situ hybridization in the lateral somitic mesoderm after the 35-somite stage, during development of the final approximately 15 somites. RT-PCR analysis, however, confirmed the presence of low levels of the transcript during these later stages. A phylogenetic comparison of the deduced aminoacid sequences of the full-length MyoD cDNA clone and those from other teleosts, and inference from the in situ expression pattern suggested homology with a second paralogue (MyoD2) recently isolated from the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata. Following MyoD expression, alpha-actin was the first structural gene to be switched on at the 16-somite stage, followed by myosin heavy chain, troponin T, troponin I and muscle @entity1 kinase. The final mRNA in the series to be expressed was @entity4 . All genes were switched on prior to myofibril assembly. The @entity4 sequence was unusual in that it showed the greatest sequence identity with the @entity2 @entity2 cardiac/slow form, but was expressed in the fast @entity0 and not in the heart. In addition, the third TnC calcium binding site showed a lower level of sequence conservation than the rest of the sequence. No differences were seen in the timing of appearance or rate of posterior progression (relative to somite stage) of any MSP transcripts between embryos raised at the different temperatures. It was concluded that myofibrillar genes are activated asynchronously in a distinct temporal order prior to myofibrillar assembly and that this process was highly canalized over the temperature range studied.

title: Temperature and the expression of seven muscle-specific protein genes during embryogenesis in the XXXX @entity3 L.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Seven cDNA clones coding for different muscle-specific proteins (MSPs) were isolated from the fast muscle tissue of @entity3 @entity3 L. In situ hybridization using cRNA probes was used to characterize the temporal and spatial patterns of gene expression with respect to somite stage in embryos incubated at 4 degrees C, 7 degrees C and 10 degrees C. MyoD transcripts were first observed in the presomitic mesoderm prior to somite formation, and in the lateral compartment of the forming somites. MyoD expression was not observed in the adaxial cells that give rise to the slow muscle layer, and expression was undetectable by in situ hybridization in the lateral somitic mesoderm after the 35-somite stage, during development of the final approximately 15 somites. RT-PCR analysis, however, confirmed the presence of low levels of the transcript during these later stages. A phylogenetic comparison of the deduced aminoacid sequences of the full-length MyoD cDNA clone and those from other teleosts, and inference from the in situ expression pattern suggested homology with a second paralogue (MyoD2) recently isolated from the gilthead seabream Sparus aurata. Following MyoD expression, alpha-actin was the first structural gene to be switched on at the 16-somite stage, followed by myosin heavy chain, troponin T, troponin I and muscle @entity1 kinase. The final mRNA in the series to be expressed was @entity4 . All genes were switched on prior to myofibril assembly. The @entity4 sequence was unusual in that it showed the greatest sequence identity with the @entity2 @entity2 cardiac/slow form, but was expressed in the fast @entity0 and not in the heart. In addition, the third TnC calcium binding site showed a lower level of sequence conservation than the rest of the sequence. No differences were seen in the timing of appearance or rate of posterior progression (relative to somite stage) of any MSP transcripts between embryos raised at the different temperatures. It was concluded that myofibrillar genes are activated asynchronously in a distinct temporal order prior to myofibrillar assembly and that this process was highly canalized over the temperature range studied.

title: Temperature and the expression of seven muscle-specific protein genes during embryogenesis in the @entity3 XXXX L.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the attitudes of Hong Kong Chinese elders with @entity1 with regard to advance directives and life-sustaining treatment. DESIGN: Cross-sectional questionnaire survey. SETTING: Medical unit of a regional teaching hospital in Hong Kong. @entity0 : In- @entity0 aged 60 years or above with @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Demographic profiles and attitudes towards advance directives and life-sustaining treatment. RESULTS: A total of 219 elderly @entity0 completed the questionnaire. Their mean age was 73 (standard deviation, 8) years; 133 (61%) were female. The majority had neither heard about advance directives (81%), nor discussed the issue with others (73%) before participating in this study. After they were informed of the concept of advance directives, about half (49%) said they would consider using it if it is legislated in Hong Kong. The respondents generally supported the withholding or withdrawing of life-sustaining treatment in medically futile situations. In all, 55% of them believed that the @entity0 alone should make the decision on withholding or withdrawing life-sustaining treatment, if competent to do so. If the @entity0 became not competent, 44% believed that the individual's family alone should make such a decision. CONCLUSION: The fact that most of the respondents had never heard about advance directives or discussed the concept with others points to a lack of knowledge and to the necessity to step up public education about such issues.

title: Advance directives and life-sustaining treatment: attitudes of Hong Kong Chinese elders with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Amyloid-b (Ab) plaques occur in @entity3 within the neocortex and hippocampus in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Despite this observation, the effect of Ab deposition upon cholinergic and galaninergic @entity5 formation remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction between Ab deposition within the neocortex and hippocampus upon cholinergic and galaninergic @entity5 formation. Neocortical and hippocampal tissue harvested from 3- and 12-month-old amyloid-b protein precursor ( @entity6 )swe/ @entity9 /\E9 transgenic (Tg) @entity0 were dual-immunolabeled with antibodies against either @entity4 acetyltransferace and Ab (10D5) or @entity7 ( @entity8 ) and Ab. Stereology was used to quantify @entity3 . Plaque number was assessed using the optical fractionator; plaque area was calculated with the Cavalieri estimator, and @entity5 and thickness were manually measured. Neither amyloid nor dystrophic neuritic profiles were seen in the brains of 3-month-old Tg @entity0 . In contrast, quantitative analysis revealed significantly more plaques in neocortex than hippocampus, with no difference in regional plaque size in 12-month-old Tg @entity0 . Significantly more @entity3 occurred in the neocortex and hippocampus. Additionally, cholinergic @entity5 were @entity5 in both regions. These data suggest that @entity3 has a greater impact upon cholinergic than galaninergic @entity5 formation in the neocortex and hippocampus in AbPPswe/ @entity9 /\E9 Tg @entity0 . These data are also compatible with the hypothesis that @entity7 is neuroprotective and reduces @entity5 formation in the face of @entity1 .

title: Effect of neocortical and hippocampal amyloid deposition upon galaninergic and cholinergic neurites in AbPPswe/ XXXX /\E9 @entity0 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Amyloid-b (Ab) plaques occur in @entity3 within the neocortex and hippocampus in @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Despite this observation, the effect of Ab deposition upon cholinergic and galaninergic @entity5 formation remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the interaction between Ab deposition within the neocortex and hippocampus upon cholinergic and galaninergic @entity5 formation. Neocortical and hippocampal tissue harvested from 3- and 12-month-old amyloid-b protein precursor ( @entity6 )swe/ @entity9 /\E9 transgenic (Tg) @entity0 were dual-immunolabeled with antibodies against either @entity4 acetyltransferace and Ab (10D5) or @entity7 ( @entity8 ) and Ab. Stereology was used to quantify @entity3 . Plaque number was assessed using the optical fractionator; plaque area was calculated with the Cavalieri estimator, and @entity5 and thickness were manually measured. Neither amyloid nor dystrophic neuritic profiles were seen in the brains of 3-month-old Tg @entity0 . In contrast, quantitative analysis revealed significantly more plaques in neocortex than hippocampus, with no difference in regional plaque size in 12-month-old Tg @entity0 . Significantly more @entity3 occurred in the neocortex and hippocampus. Additionally, cholinergic @entity5 were @entity5 in both regions. These data suggest that @entity3 has a greater impact upon cholinergic than galaninergic @entity5 formation in the neocortex and hippocampus in AbPPswe/ @entity9 /\E9 Tg @entity0 . These data are also compatible with the hypothesis that @entity7 is neuroprotective and reduces @entity5 formation in the face of @entity1 .

title: Effect of neocortical and hippocampal amyloid deposition upon galaninergic and cholinergic neurites in AbPPswe/ @entity9 /\E9 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are a variety of different products available for @entity5 repairs (LVHR), which vary widely in their costs. There are few clinical studies commenting on cost efficacy of LVHR. The objective of this study is to investigate the cost, safety, and efficacy of using intraperitoneal nonheavyweight @entity6 (PP) mesh in LVHR. METHODS: Between the years 2002 and 2006, LVHR was performed in 141 consecutive @entity0 (84 male, 57 female) using intraperitoneal PP. Using a 3-trocar technique, PP mesh was underlayed by 3 to 5 cm beyond the edges of the @entity1 and fixed to the abdominal wall with 2 rows of @entity2 staples. Data concerning the demographics of @entity0 , mesh cost, operative time, length of hospital stay, and complications were collected. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-four @entity0 (95%) were discharged on the day of surgery. Mean age was 58.7 years (range, 29 to 91 y). Mean operative time was 63 minutes (range, 34 to 124 min). Follow-up was achieved in 123 @entity0 (87%) with a mean of 40 months (range, 12 to 68 mo). The average mesh size was 256.9 cm (range, 116 to 903 cm). The cost of the PP mesh was US 0.14 per cm. The average mesh cost per @entity0 was  35.90. When compared with other meshes commonly used for LVHR, PP mesh was substantially cheaper with a cost saving of  436 per @entity0 with proceed,  770 per @entity0 with composix, and  931 per @entity0 with @entity3 . The postoperative complications included: Wound infection n=4 (3.2%), transient @entity4 which resolved in all cases without operative management n=3 (2.4%), port site hernia n=2 (1.6%), and seroma n=1 (0.7%). Overall recurrence rate was n=6 (4.8%). There were no conversions to an open procedure. CONCLUSIONS: LVHR with intraperitoneal PP results in outcomes comparable with earlier publications on LVHR but at reduced costs. These data suggest that the use of intraperitoneal PP in LVHR is safe and cost effective.

title: Cost and clinical outcomes of @entity5 repair using intraperitoneal nonheavyweight XXXX mesh.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: There are a variety of different products available for @entity5 repairs (LVHR), which vary widely in their costs. There are few clinical studies commenting on cost efficacy of LVHR. The objective of this study is to investigate the cost, safety, and efficacy of using intraperitoneal nonheavyweight @entity6 (PP) mesh in LVHR. METHODS: Between the years 2002 and 2006, LVHR was performed in 141 consecutive @entity0 (84 male, 57 female) using intraperitoneal PP. Using a 3-trocar technique, PP mesh was underlayed by 3 to 5 cm beyond the edges of the @entity1 and fixed to the abdominal wall with 2 rows of @entity2 staples. Data concerning the demographics of @entity0 , mesh cost, operative time, length of hospital stay, and complications were collected. RESULTS: One hundred thirty-four @entity0 (95%) were discharged on the day of surgery. Mean age was 58.7 years (range, 29 to 91 y). Mean operative time was 63 minutes (range, 34 to 124 min). Follow-up was achieved in 123 @entity0 (87%) with a mean of 40 months (range, 12 to 68 mo). The average mesh size was 256.9 cm (range, 116 to 903 cm). The cost of the PP mesh was US 0.14 per cm. The average mesh cost per @entity0 was  35.90. When compared with other meshes commonly used for LVHR, PP mesh was substantially cheaper with a cost saving of  436 per @entity0 with proceed,  770 per @entity0 with composix, and  931 per @entity0 with @entity3 . The postoperative complications included: Wound infection n=4 (3.2%), transient @entity4 which resolved in all cases without operative management n=3 (2.4%), port site hernia n=2 (1.6%), and seroma n=1 (0.7%). Overall recurrence rate was n=6 (4.8%). There were no conversions to an open procedure. CONCLUSIONS: LVHR with intraperitoneal PP results in outcomes comparable with earlier publications on LVHR but at reduced costs. These data suggest that the use of intraperitoneal PP in LVHR is safe and cost effective.

title: Cost and clinical outcomes of XXXX repair using intraperitoneal nonheavyweight @entity6 mesh.

answer: @entity5


abstract: To study the accuracy with which long-term prognosis can be predicted in @entity0 with @entity2 , prognostic predictions from a data-based multivariable statistical model were compared with predictions from senior clinical cardiologists. Test samples of 100 @entity0 each were selected from a large series of medically treated @entity0 with significant @entity1 . Using detailed case summaries, five senior cardiologists each predicted one- and three-year survival and infarct-free survival probabilities for 100 @entity0 . Fifty @entity0 appeared in multiple samples for assessing interphysician variability. @entity3 regression models, developed using @entity0 not in the test samples, predicted corresponding outcome probabilities for each test @entity0 . Overall, model predictions correlated better with actual @entity0 outcomes than did the doctors' predictions. For three-year survival, rank correlations were 0.61 (model) and 0.49 (doctors). For three-year infarct-free survival predictions, correlations with outcome were 0.48 (model) and 0.29 (doctors). Comparisons by individual doctor revealed @entity3 model three-year survival predictions were better than those of four of five doctors (model predictions added significant [p less than 0.05] prognostic information to the doctor's predictions, whereas the converse was not true). For infarct-free survival, the @entity3 model was superior to all five doctors. Where predictions were made by multiple doctors, the interphysician variability was substantial. In @entity2 , statistical models developed from carefully collected data can provide prognostic predictions that are more accurate than predictions of experienced clinicians made from detailed case summaries.

title: Predicting outcome in XXXX . Statistical models versus expert clinicians.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pilot studies showed that alemtuzumab is active in @entity7 . The authors conducted a Phase II trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab in advanced or refractory @entity7 . METHODS: Seventy-eight @entity0 were enrolled. The most common diagnoses were @entity8 (n = 42 @entity0 ) and @entity15 (n = 18 @entity0 ). Before entering the study, the @entity0 had received multiple therapies (median, three therapies) and the median time from diagnosis was 7 years. Alemtuzumab was given intravenously at doses of 3 mg, 10 mg, and 30 mg on 3 consecutive days, after which 30 mg was administered 3 times a week. @entity0 were treated for 4-12 weeks depending on disease response. All @entity0 received prophylactic @entity1 / @entity2 and @entity16 . RESULTS: The overall response rate was 35%, the complete response (CR) rate was 13%, and the partial response (PR) rate was 22%. The median duration of response was 18 months for @entity0 achieving a CR and 7 months for @entity0 achieving a PR. The median duration of survival was 25 months for @entity0 who had a response and 12 months for the entire population. Normalization of the lymphocyte count was observed in 84% of @entity0 and resolution of bone marrow involvement was observed in 49% of @entity0 . The most common infusion-related adverse events were @entity3 , @entity14 , @entity12 , @entity5 , and @entity9 . These were most common during the first week of therapy. @entity11 was comprised of long-lasting @entity13 and transient @entity10 and @entity6 . Thirty-six @entity0 (46%) experienced at least one episode of @entity3 or @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Alemtuzumab has a high response rate in @entity0 with @entity7 .

title: Phase II study of alemtuzumab in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity7 - an orally administered, highly potent selective inhibitor of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and its active mutations, in the treatment of @entity0 with advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: A total of 101 @entity0 with stage IIIb/IV @entity5 were treated with 125   mg @entity7 three times a day until disease progression or intolerable @entity2 . Response rate was evaluated using response evaluation criteria in solid @entity1 and progression-free survival (PFS) was collected. RESULTS: The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 37.6% (38/101) and 79.2% (80/101), respectively. The median PFS was 6.5 months. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender (P= 0.048, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.010-6.016) and occurrence of @entity6 (P= 0.002, 95% CI 1.667-9.809) were the independent predictive factors for ORR, while a performance status (PS) score of 0-1 (P= 0.001, 95% CI 0.024-0.402) and @entity6 (P= 0.042, 95% CI 1.089-76.557) were the independent predictive factors for DCR. In addition, PS scores of 0-1 (P <0.001, 95% CI 0.135-0.509), and non-smoking (P= 0.017, 95% CI 0.342-0.900) were found to be independent influencing factors for PFS. Moreover, @entity0 with @entity4 mutations had better PFS than @entity0 with wild type @entity4 , while @entity0 with @entity4 exon 19 deletion had better survival than those with @entity4 exon 21 mutation. The most common adverse effects of @entity7 were @entity6 (35.6%) and @entity3 (17.8%), which was tolerable. CONCLUSION: Treatment of stage IIIb/IV @entity5 @entity0 with @entity7 was effective and tolerable, specifically in @entity0 with @entity4 mutation.

title: Efficacy of @entity7 treatment in @entity0 with stage IIIb/IV XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity7 - an orally administered, highly potent selective inhibitor of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and its active mutations, in the treatment of @entity0 with advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: A total of 101 @entity0 with stage IIIb/IV @entity5 were treated with 125   mg @entity7 three times a day until disease progression or intolerable @entity2 . Response rate was evaluated using response evaluation criteria in solid @entity1 and progression-free survival (PFS) was collected. RESULTS: The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 37.6% (38/101) and 79.2% (80/101), respectively. The median PFS was 6.5 months. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender (P= 0.048, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.010-6.016) and occurrence of @entity6 (P= 0.002, 95% CI 1.667-9.809) were the independent predictive factors for ORR, while a performance status (PS) score of 0-1 (P= 0.001, 95% CI 0.024-0.402) and @entity6 (P= 0.042, 95% CI 1.089-76.557) were the independent predictive factors for DCR. In addition, PS scores of 0-1 (P <0.001, 95% CI 0.135-0.509), and non-smoking (P= 0.017, 95% CI 0.342-0.900) were found to be independent influencing factors for PFS. Moreover, @entity0 with @entity4 mutations had better PFS than @entity0 with wild type @entity4 , while @entity0 with @entity4 exon 19 deletion had better survival than those with @entity4 exon 21 mutation. The most common adverse effects of @entity7 were @entity6 (35.6%) and @entity3 (17.8%), which was tolerable. CONCLUSION: Treatment of stage IIIb/IV @entity5 @entity0 with @entity7 was effective and tolerable, specifically in @entity0 with @entity4 mutation.

title: Efficacy of XXXX treatment in @entity0 with stage IIIb/IV @entity5 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of @entity7 - an orally administered, highly potent selective inhibitor of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and its active mutations, in the treatment of @entity0 with advanced @entity5 ( @entity5 ). METHODS: A total of 101 @entity0 with stage IIIb/IV @entity5 were treated with 125   mg @entity7 three times a day until disease progression or intolerable @entity2 . Response rate was evaluated using response evaluation criteria in solid @entity1 and progression-free survival (PFS) was collected. RESULTS: The overall response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) were 37.6% (38/101) and 79.2% (80/101), respectively. The median PFS was 6.5 months. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender (P= 0.048, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.010-6.016) and occurrence of @entity6 (P= 0.002, 95% CI 1.667-9.809) were the independent predictive factors for ORR, while a performance status (PS) score of 0-1 (P= 0.001, 95% CI 0.024-0.402) and @entity6 (P= 0.042, 95% CI 1.089-76.557) were the independent predictive factors for DCR. In addition, PS scores of 0-1 (P <0.001, 95% CI 0.135-0.509), and non-smoking (P= 0.017, 95% CI 0.342-0.900) were found to be independent influencing factors for PFS. Moreover, @entity0 with @entity4 mutations had better PFS than @entity0 with wild type @entity4 , while @entity0 with @entity4 exon 19 deletion had better survival than those with @entity4 exon 21 mutation. The most common adverse effects of @entity7 were @entity6 (35.6%) and @entity3 (17.8%), which was tolerable. CONCLUSION: Treatment of stage IIIb/IV @entity5 @entity0 with @entity7 was effective and tolerable, specifically in @entity0 with @entity4 mutation.

title: Efficacy of @entity7 treatment in XXXX with stage IIIb/IV @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purpose of the present study was to identify the proliferative cell types in the nonciliated cell population of the upper airways and determine the capacity of each to act as progenitor cells. @entity0 (30 days old) were exposed to 20 ppm @entity3 for 24 hours to stimulate cell division, given injected tritiated @entity2 (3H-TdR), sacrificed 1 hour and 1, 3, 5, and 7 days later, and prepared for light- and electron-microscopic autoradiography. One hour after injection of 3H-TdR, the mean @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was 1.6% in control animals and 5.2% in exposed animals. Mean grain counts per cell decreased from 15.6 at 1 hour after 3H-TdR to 6.9 on the third day, indicating that the labeled cell population had divided. Labeled cells in the control and exposed cell populations were identified with electron microscopy. At 1 hour after injection of 3H-TdR, basal cells and nonciliated columnar cells were labeled. However, only nonciliated columnar cells were stimulated to divide by @entity3 . The labeled nonciliated columnar cell population was made up of serous, "intermediate" and goblet cells. Each of these cell types was stimulated to divide to the same degree. After cell division (1-7 days) labeled cells of all types were observed with labeled ciliated cells appearing on the third day. It was concluded that the basal cell is not a primary progenitor cell. The primary progenitor cell for epithelium in the upper airway is the total columnar secretory cell population (serous, "intermediate," and goblet cells).

title: Role of nonciliated cells in renewal of the bronchial epithelium of @entity0 exposed to XXXX .

answer: @entity3