abstract: To obtain useful informations for determining the optimal dosage of drugs in @entity0 with @entity2 , pharmacokinetics of @entity3 ( @entity5 ) was studied in healthy adults (normal control group) and 35 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 group). @entity5 is a new third generation @entity6 which is mainly excreted into the bile and has serum half-life of about 2 hours. After a rapid intravenous injection of @entity5 , peripheral blood and urine samples were obtained at the time according to the protocol of this study. Serum and urine concentrations of @entity5 were determined by the bioassay method using @entity8 as the test strain. From the concentrations of @entity5 in serum and urine, pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by means of a "two-compartment open model". After an administration of @entity5 , the serum concentration declined more slowly in the @entity2 group as compared to the normal control group. At 1 hour after intravenous injection of @entity5 , the difference of the serum level was already observed between these 2 groups. The half-life of elimination (T 1/2) was 2 to 4 times longer in the @entity2 group. The elimination rate constant ( @entity7 ) and total clearance (Clt) of @entity5 were much lower in the @entity2 group than in the control group except for @entity1 . On the other hand, urinary excretion rate (Ur) was lower in the normal control group than in the @entity2 group. There was a close correlation between disappearance rate of @entity4 (KICG) and parameters such as T1/2, @entity7 , Clt and Cler with coefficients of -0.642, 0.723, 0.690 and 0.682, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Pharmacokinetics of XXXX in @entity2 ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: To obtain useful informations for determining the optimal dosage of drugs in @entity0 with @entity2 , pharmacokinetics of @entity3 ( @entity5 ) was studied in healthy adults (normal control group) and 35 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 group). @entity5 is a new third generation @entity6 which is mainly excreted into the bile and has serum half-life of about 2 hours. After a rapid intravenous injection of @entity5 , peripheral blood and urine samples were obtained at the time according to the protocol of this study. Serum and urine concentrations of @entity5 were determined by the bioassay method using @entity8 as the test strain. From the concentrations of @entity5 in serum and urine, pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by means of a "two-compartment open model". After an administration of @entity5 , the serum concentration declined more slowly in the @entity2 group as compared to the normal control group. At 1 hour after intravenous injection of @entity5 , the difference of the serum level was already observed between these 2 groups. The half-life of elimination (T 1/2) was 2 to 4 times longer in the @entity2 group. The elimination rate constant ( @entity7 ) and total clearance (Clt) of @entity5 were much lower in the @entity2 group than in the control group except for @entity1 . On the other hand, urinary excretion rate (Ur) was lower in the normal control group than in the @entity2 group. There was a close correlation between disappearance rate of @entity4 (KICG) and parameters such as T1/2, @entity7 , Clt and Cler with coefficients of -0.642, 0.723, 0.690 and 0.682, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Pharmacokinetics of @entity3 in XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity16 ( @entity16 ) by intravenous drip infusion was given to @entity0 with @entity5 in the field of internal medicine and the results were followings: AMK was administered to 19 @entity0 . Diagnosis included @entity7 or suspected @entity7 (11 cases), @entity3 (2 cases), chronic @entity14 (3 cases) and @entity6 (3 cases). Underlying disease included @entity12 (13 cases), @entity4 (1 case), chronic @entity13 (1 case), @entity2 (1 case), @entity18 and @entity10 (1 case) and @entity11 (1 case). Nineteen episodes responded to single therapy (2 cases) or combined therapy with other antibiotics (17 cases). AMK by intravenous drip infusion (dissolved in not less than 100 ml of saline or @entity8 ) was administered at the dose of 200 mg/day to 600 mg/day divided into 2 or 3 times, over 1 hour to 2 hours. The mean duration of therapy was 10 days and the mean total dose was 4.3 g. Clinical effects: Excellent in 7 cases, good in 7 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 2 cases, and efficacy rate was 74%. Bacteriological effects: Disappeared in 3 cases, partly disappeared and unchanged in 3 cases, superinfection in 1 case and newly appeared in 1 case. Four strains out of 7 cases of which were detected the causative bacteria were disappeared. GM resistant bacteria ( @entity17 in 2 strains and @entity19 in 1 strain) were disappeared by the administration of AMK, also some clinical symptoms and signs were improved. No side effects and no abnormalities in laboratory findings were noted in any cases attributed to AMK. In conclusion, high efficacy rate was obtained without any side effects, intravenous drip infusion of AMK seemed to be useful for @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity9 tendency (e.g. @entity15 ) or @entity1 .

title: [Clinical evaluation of XXXX by intravenous drip infusion for @entity5 in the field of internal medicine].

answer: @entity16


abstract: @entity16 ( @entity16 ) by intravenous drip infusion was given to @entity0 with @entity5 in the field of internal medicine and the results were followings: AMK was administered to 19 @entity0 . Diagnosis included @entity7 or suspected @entity7 (11 cases), @entity3 (2 cases), chronic @entity14 (3 cases) and @entity6 (3 cases). Underlying disease included @entity12 (13 cases), @entity4 (1 case), chronic @entity13 (1 case), @entity2 (1 case), @entity18 and @entity10 (1 case) and @entity11 (1 case). Nineteen episodes responded to single therapy (2 cases) or combined therapy with other antibiotics (17 cases). AMK by intravenous drip infusion (dissolved in not less than 100 ml of saline or @entity8 ) was administered at the dose of 200 mg/day to 600 mg/day divided into 2 or 3 times, over 1 hour to 2 hours. The mean duration of therapy was 10 days and the mean total dose was 4.3 g. Clinical effects: Excellent in 7 cases, good in 7 cases, fair in 3 cases and poor in 2 cases, and efficacy rate was 74%. Bacteriological effects: Disappeared in 3 cases, partly disappeared and unchanged in 3 cases, superinfection in 1 case and newly appeared in 1 case. Four strains out of 7 cases of which were detected the causative bacteria were disappeared. GM resistant bacteria ( @entity17 in 2 strains and @entity19 in 1 strain) were disappeared by the administration of AMK, also some clinical symptoms and signs were improved. No side effects and no abnormalities in laboratory findings were noted in any cases attributed to AMK. In conclusion, high efficacy rate was obtained without any side effects, intravenous drip infusion of AMK seemed to be useful for @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity9 tendency (e.g. @entity15 ) or @entity1 .

title: [Clinical evaluation of @entity16 by intravenous drip infusion for XXXX in the field of internal medicine].

answer: @entity5


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: @entity3 , a gram negative microaerophilic bacterium is a major etiological agent in duodenal, peptic and @entity4 . The growing problem of antibiotic resistance by the organism demands the search for novel compounds from plant based sources. AIM OF STUDY: The present study is aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial activity of some selected medicinal plants on clinical isolates of @entity3 circulating in Cameroon in a bid to identify potential sources of cheap starting materials for the synthesis of new drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gastric biopsy samples were obtained from @entity0 presenting with @entity1 . @entity3 was isolated from the specimens following standard microbiology procedures. The disk diffusion method was used to determine the susceptibility of 15 isolates to ten @entity2 plant extracts (Ageratum conyzoides, Scleria striatinux, Lycopodium cernua, Acanthus montanus, Eryngium foetidium, Aulutandria kamerunensis, Tapeinachilus ananassae, Euphorbia hirta, @entity6 ). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) for the most active plant extracts were also determined by the agar dilution method. Results were analyzed statistically by the Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: All the plants tested demonstrated antimicrobial activity with zone diameters of inhibition ranging from 0-30mm. Of these, A. conyzoides, S. striatinux and L. cernua showed very potent antibacterial activity on the isolates. The lowest MIC and @entity5 recorded were 0.032mg/mL and 0.098mg/mL respectively. However, the MIC of the extracts ranged from 0.032-1.0mg/mL for S. striatinux; 0.063-0.5mg/mL for L. cernua and 0.063-1.0mg/mL for A. conyzoides. The @entity5 of the extracts ranged from 0.098-15.0mg/mL for S. striatinux; 0.098-12.5mg/mL for A. conyzoides, and 0.195-12.5mg/mL for L. cernua. The extracts had a wide spectrum of activity. The three most potent extracts possessed significant (P<0.05) inhibitory activities. CONCLUSION: The plant extracts may contain compounds with therapeutic activity.

title: In vitro anti- XXXX @entity3 activity of extracts of selected medicinal plants from North West Cameroon.

answer: @entity3


abstract: ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: @entity3 , a gram negative microaerophilic bacterium is a major etiological agent in duodenal, peptic and @entity4 . The growing problem of antibiotic resistance by the organism demands the search for novel compounds from plant based sources. AIM OF STUDY: The present study is aimed at evaluating the antimicrobial activity of some selected medicinal plants on clinical isolates of @entity3 circulating in Cameroon in a bid to identify potential sources of cheap starting materials for the synthesis of new drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gastric biopsy samples were obtained from @entity0 presenting with @entity1 . @entity3 was isolated from the specimens following standard microbiology procedures. The disk diffusion method was used to determine the susceptibility of 15 isolates to ten @entity2 plant extracts (Ageratum conyzoides, Scleria striatinux, Lycopodium cernua, Acanthus montanus, Eryngium foetidium, Aulutandria kamerunensis, Tapeinachilus ananassae, Euphorbia hirta, @entity6 ). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) for the most active plant extracts were also determined by the agar dilution method. Results were analyzed statistically by the Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: All the plants tested demonstrated antimicrobial activity with zone diameters of inhibition ranging from 0-30mm. Of these, A. conyzoides, S. striatinux and L. cernua showed very potent antibacterial activity on the isolates. The lowest MIC and @entity5 recorded were 0.032mg/mL and 0.098mg/mL respectively. However, the MIC of the extracts ranged from 0.032-1.0mg/mL for S. striatinux; 0.063-0.5mg/mL for L. cernua and 0.063-1.0mg/mL for A. conyzoides. The @entity5 of the extracts ranged from 0.098-15.0mg/mL for S. striatinux; 0.098-12.5mg/mL for A. conyzoides, and 0.195-12.5mg/mL for L. cernua. The extracts had a wide spectrum of activity. The three most potent extracts possessed significant (P<0.05) inhibitory activities. CONCLUSION: The plant extracts may contain compounds with therapeutic activity.

title: In vitro anti- @entity3 XXXX activity of extracts of selected medicinal plants from North West Cameroon.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Artificial heart valves fashioned from @entity0 pericardial tissues appear to perform favourably when compared to those fashioned from other biological materials. Tissue mechanical properties have been implicated as a possible factor in determining the success or failure of the materials used for constructing tissue valve substitutes. In this study, strips of @entity0 pericardial tissues, cut in three different directions (along the base-apex @entity2 of the heart, perpendicular to this @entity2 and at an angle of 45 degrees to this @entity2 ), were subjected to uniaxial tensile tests using an Instron machine, at strain rates of 666.7, 166.7, 66.7, and 6.7% X min-1. The pericardial tissues were found to have non-linear stress-strain curves. Anisotropy was also observed, in that the tissue was most extensible when stretched along the vertical direction and least extensible when stained along the horizontal direction. The tissues also exhibited viscoelastic properties, as the extensibility was found to decrease with the increasing strain-rate. The strain at @entity1 for these tissues, however, were found to be independent of the strain rates and the direction in which they were stretched. On the other hand the stress at @entity1 was largest when stretched in the horizontal direction and least when stretched in the vertical direction. Stresses at @entity1 also increase with the strain rate. The implications of the observed tissue properties, when these are used in the fashioning of tissue valve substitutes, will be discussed.

title: Anisotropic elasticity of XXXX pericardial tissues.

answer: @entity0


abstract: From November 1981 to the end of August 1984, 456 @entity0 with @entity2 underwent aspiration biopsy cytology (A.B.C.). This study includes 109 for whom the diagnosis was histologically confirmed at surgical biopsy. Seventy-five lesions were histologically proven to be malignant and 34 were benign. The accuracy of diagnoses with A.B.C. was; true positive 86.7 per cent (65/75) of the time, true negative 82.6 per cent (28/34) of the time, false negative 5.3 per cent (4/75) of the time and false positive 5.7 per cent (2/34) of the time. Unsatisfactory or inadequate aspirated tissue made A.B.C. diagnosis difficult in 5.5 per cent (6/109) of the cases. Three out of 7 with @entity1 , who were wrongly diagnosed as benign by A.B.C., had @entity1 with a diameter of 1.0 cm or less. Two benign cases which were falsely diagnosed as malignant also had small @entity1 about 1.0 cm in diameter. Although A.B.C. is more reliable than other conventional supplementary diagnostic techniques (mammography, ultrasonography, etc.), it is important to carefully follow clinically questionable cases which appear negative, using A.B.C..

title: Diagnosis of XXXX by aspiration biopsy cytology.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Economical impact of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been widely modified thanks to @entity2 inhibitors. Our study aims to estimate the impact etanercept prescription, in term of health resources consumption, within a regional cohort of French @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: The study included 148 @entity1 @entity0 , with a mean follow-up duration of 343 days before and after etanercept initiation. Data were anonymously collected from ERASME database of French Health Insurance in Midi-Pyr  n  es region. A @entity0 -by- @entity0 microcosting approach was performed. RESULTS: The average annual cost per @entity0 , attributable to @entity1 , was 2.8 times higher after treatment by etanercept than before (15,148.57 @entity3 versus 5248.95 @entity3 ). We observed a rise in pharmaceutical costs, from 11.7% of direct medical costs before to 69.7% after etanercept initiation (120.12 @entity3 versus 9995.23 @entity3 ). We observed a small decrease particularly for NSAIDs (142.14 @entity3 versus 102.21 @entity3 ) and physiotherapy (286.40 @entity3 versus 138.77 @entity3 ). Attributable act costs and indirect costs did not differ before and after etanercept initiation. DISCUSSION: In this short-term study, initiation of etanercept in @entity1 @entity0 did not come along with a decrease of consumption of health resources. Long-term studies are needed to reveal a potential economical advantage as a consequence of the clinical, structural and functional efficacy of anti- @entity2 .

title: Impact of etanercept on the costs of XXXX ( @entity1 ): results from a French observational study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Economical impact of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) has been widely modified thanks to @entity2 inhibitors. Our study aims to estimate the impact etanercept prescription, in term of health resources consumption, within a regional cohort of French @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: The study included 148 @entity1 @entity0 , with a mean follow-up duration of 343 days before and after etanercept initiation. Data were anonymously collected from ERASME database of French Health Insurance in Midi-Pyr  n  es region. A @entity0 -by- @entity0 microcosting approach was performed. RESULTS: The average annual cost per @entity0 , attributable to @entity1 , was 2.8 times higher after treatment by etanercept than before (15,148.57 @entity3 versus 5248.95 @entity3 ). We observed a rise in pharmaceutical costs, from 11.7% of direct medical costs before to 69.7% after etanercept initiation (120.12 @entity3 versus 9995.23 @entity3 ). We observed a small decrease particularly for NSAIDs (142.14 @entity3 versus 102.21 @entity3 ) and physiotherapy (286.40 @entity3 versus 138.77 @entity3 ). Attributable act costs and indirect costs did not differ before and after etanercept initiation. DISCUSSION: In this short-term study, initiation of etanercept in @entity1 @entity0 did not come along with a decrease of consumption of health resources. Long-term studies are needed to reveal a potential economical advantage as a consequence of the clinical, structural and functional efficacy of anti- @entity2 .

title: Impact of etanercept on the costs of @entity1 ( XXXX ): results from a French observational study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Multi centre registries such as the French @entity6 Registry created in 1999 provide data on rare disorders that are otherwise difficult to obtain. This study focuses on the characteristics of high blood pressure in @entity0 aged of over 70 years old. @entity0 AND METHODS: The data were obtained from the thirty centres where @entity0 had been recorded on the @entity6 Registry since 1999. RESULTS: The Register listed a total of 644 @entity0 with @entity6 at January 1st 2005, of whom 68 (22 @entity0 and 46 @entity0 ) were aged over 70 years old (10.6%). Their mean age was 76.8 +/- 5 years (range 70 - 95) and they had been presenting @entity6 for 11 +/- 6 years (compared to 7 years in those aged less than 70). Their BMI were 27.9 +/- 4 kg/m2 for @entity0 , 27.7 +/- 4 for @entity0 (respectively 28.4 +/- 4.3 and 26.7 +/- 4.4 in those aged less than 70 years). @entity4 was particularly frequent in this population, reaching 80% vs. 27% under 70 years (p=0.0001). Prevalence was then higher than in general population (referring to FLAHS study). Mean blood pressure was 143 +/- 12 / 84 +/- 15 mmHg for @entity0 and 141 +/- 17 / 79 +/- 9 for @entity0 . 46% of @entity0 and 30% of @entity0 treated or not, had blood pressure over 140 / 90 mmHg. Data showed 12% of @entity8 , 8% of @entity5 , 12% of @entity1 and 12% of @entity0 suffering from @entity7 or @entity2 . Although various therapeutic strategies had been applied for young and elderly @entity0 , 51% in each group were in remission one year after inclusion. DISCUSSION: More than 10% of @entity0 are aged over 70 years in the French @entity6 Registry and @entity4 is very frequently observed in this population. The increasing life expectancy due to currently available treatments justifies a strict management of @entity0 in order to reduce @entity3 , which stay the main cause of morbidity and mortality.

title: [ XXXX and @entity6 in the elderly: French Registry Data].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Multi centre registries such as the French @entity6 Registry created in 1999 provide data on rare disorders that are otherwise difficult to obtain. This study focuses on the characteristics of high blood pressure in @entity0 aged of over 70 years old. @entity0 AND METHODS: The data were obtained from the thirty centres where @entity0 had been recorded on the @entity6 Registry since 1999. RESULTS: The Register listed a total of 644 @entity0 with @entity6 at January 1st 2005, of whom 68 (22 @entity0 and 46 @entity0 ) were aged over 70 years old (10.6%). Their mean age was 76.8 +/- 5 years (range 70 - 95) and they had been presenting @entity6 for 11 +/- 6 years (compared to 7 years in those aged less than 70). Their BMI were 27.9 +/- 4 kg/m2 for @entity0 , 27.7 +/- 4 for @entity0 (respectively 28.4 +/- 4.3 and 26.7 +/- 4.4 in those aged less than 70 years). @entity4 was particularly frequent in this population, reaching 80% vs. 27% under 70 years (p=0.0001). Prevalence was then higher than in general population (referring to FLAHS study). Mean blood pressure was 143 +/- 12 / 84 +/- 15 mmHg for @entity0 and 141 +/- 17 / 79 +/- 9 for @entity0 . 46% of @entity0 and 30% of @entity0 treated or not, had blood pressure over 140 / 90 mmHg. Data showed 12% of @entity8 , 8% of @entity5 , 12% of @entity1 and 12% of @entity0 suffering from @entity7 or @entity2 . Although various therapeutic strategies had been applied for young and elderly @entity0 , 51% in each group were in remission one year after inclusion. DISCUSSION: More than 10% of @entity0 are aged over 70 years in the French @entity6 Registry and @entity4 is very frequently observed in this population. The increasing life expectancy due to currently available treatments justifies a strict management of @entity0 in order to reduce @entity3 , which stay the main cause of morbidity and mortality.

title: [ @entity4 and XXXX in the elderly: French Registry Data].

answer: @entity6


abstract: In a random sample of animal producers and @entity6 personnel, 33% of the respondents in Trinidad, 15% in Guyana, 11% in Suriname and 9% in Jamaica recalled at least one case of @entity0 @entity5 due to Cochliomyia homivorax (Coquerel). During 1981, respondents in Surinam (88%), Jamaica (90%), Guyana (85%) and Trinidad and Tobago (82%) found at least one case of @entity5 in their livestock, occurring mainly in @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity1 . Feral animals, e.g. jaguars, were also found to be infested. The initial wounds were mainly the umbilicus of neonates, and arbitrary wounds, and vampire bites were also affected. Fifty-three to 78% of all respondents examined their livestock daily for wounds and @entity2 by the screwworm. Annual estimates of losses (in U.S. dollars) due to surveillance and medication ranged from  4.82 to  10.71 per animal. Nationally, these losses amount to  0.30 million (Surinam),  1.02 million (Trinidad and Tobago),  4.33 million (Guyana) and  6.78 million (Jamaica). Figures for other losses, arising from failure to thrive, reduction in milk production and hide injury due to screwworm activity were not available. Most producers found that the greatest screwworm @entity2 occurred in the wet season, and most described it as second in importance to Boophilus spp. ticks as a pest of livestock, but of greater significance than biting flies, such as tabanids and stable flies. Eradication of the screwworm from the islands of Jamaica and Trinidad and Tobago can be recommended, but in Surinam and Guyana eradication seems feasible only on the 100-km wide coastal strips where most @entity0 and livestock populations exist.

title: Current trends in screwworm XXXX in the Caribbean region.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: For @entity0 undergoing oncologic surgery, the quality of life (QoL) is generally accepted as an important outcome parameter in addition to long-term survival, mortality, and complication rates. Our study focused on outcome in terms of QoL in @entity0 with @entity3 , comparing the sites of @entity2 (cervical versus thoracic @entity2 ). METHODS: In a prospective longitudinal single-center study from 1998 to 2005, 105 @entity0 underwent surgery for @entity3 . To assess QoL the EORTC-QLQ-C-30 and a @entity1 -specific module were administered before surgery, at discharge, and three, six, 12, and 24 months after surgery. Clinical data were collected prospectively and follow-up was performed every six months. RESULTS: The histological type was @entity5 in 51.4% of the cases, @entity4 in 41.9%, and some other type in 6.7%. There was no significant difference between cervical and thoracic @entity2 with regard to morbidity, mortality, and survival rates (30% five-year survival rate), whereas @entity1 stage was a significant (p < 0.001) prognostic factor. Most QoL scores dropped significantly below baseline in the early postoperative period. Even though they recovered slowly during the follow-up period, they never reached preoperative levels again. There was no statistically significant difference in any of the QoL scales between @entity0 with a cervical or a thoracic @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal resections are associated with significant deterioration of QoL, which persists during the follow-up period. The surgical technique and position of the esophagogastrostomy did not affect QoL deterioration.

title: Impact of the site of XXXX after oncologic esophagectomy on quality of life--a prospective, longitudinal outcome study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Provided that @entity0 report the dates of their @entity0 's births with reasonable accuracy, it is possible to derive good estimates of the duration of breastfeeding from @entity0 's breastfeeding status at the time of the interview. This paper illustrates the application of conventional regression techniques to the analysis of breastfeeding rates derived in this manner. Construction of current status rates is explained and a comparison between open interval, closed interval, and current status breastfeeding life tables is presented, indicating the extent of bias to which tables of the former types are open. Birth-weighted rates are used for WFS data from @entity2 Lanka; the variables entered into the regression equation include parity, educational level, residence, work experience since marriage and use of contraception since the birth. Contraception is not found to influence net breastfeeding rates in the 1st interval (1-16 months), although it is about as prevalent as in later intervals. The positive coefficients at intervals beyond the 1st also imply that contraceptive use is not a substitute for lactation in @entity2 Lanka or not a predominant one. Lifetime urban residence is associated with short durations of breastfeeding, and being an urban migrant is associated with intermediate durations relative to those of rural @entity0 . The effects of residence on breastfeeding are especially pronounced in the 1st interval. By parity as by contraception, differences in breastfeeding rates are not significant at short durations but become so with time as lower parity @entity0 reach pregnancy. Patterns by age are similar, but less sharp. Middle school attendance and work at home are both strongly associated with with lactation behavior, the former negatively and the latter to about an equal degree positively. Working outside the home seems not to influence breastfeeding to any great extent. In the multiple attribute regressions, @entity1 breastfeeding durations about as strongly as lifetime urban residence relative to @entity0 who are rural and uneducated. Being at parity 5 or above or working at home almost as sharply increases durations. The use of contraception has slightly smaller positive effects. The patterns suggest that as @entity2 Lankan @entity0 become increasingly well educated and urban, and as family sizes decline, durations of breastfeeding will decline. Equally important however, even among better educated urban wives, breastfeeding continues longer than is typical of western countries.

title: Regression analysis of "current status" life tables on duration of breastfeeding in XXXX Lanka.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Membrane current and @entity3 were measured in voltage-clamped @entity2 cardiac Purkinje fibers. Elevating the intracellular @entity1 concentration ([ @entity0 ]i) results in oscillations of membrane current and @entity3 both at rest and during stimulation. During stimulation, an oscillatory transient inward current and an after contraction follow repolarization. We have examined the effects on the oscillations of changing the extracellular @entity1 concentration ([ @entity0 ]o) and of adding various drugs. In agreement with previous work, high concentrations of drugs that affect the sarcoplasmic reticulum, namely @entity4 (10-20 mM), @entity5 (1 mM), and @entity6 (10 microM), abolish the oscillations. However, at lower concentrations, these three drugs have different effects on the oscillations. @entity4 (1-2 mM) decreases the oscillation amplitude but increases the frequency. @entity5 (100-500 microM) has little effect on the magnitude of the oscillations but decreases their frequency. @entity6 , at all concentrations used (0.1-10 microM), eventually abolishes the oscillations but, in doing so, decreases the magnitude, leaving the frequency unaffected. When [ @entity0 ]o was changed in order to vary [ @entity0 ]i, both the frequency and the magnitude of the oscillations always changed in the same direction. This suggests that these three drugs have effects in addition to just changing [ @entity0 ]i.

title: Effects of @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity6 on @entity1 -dependent oscillations in XXXX cardiac Purkinje fibers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Membrane current and @entity3 were measured in voltage-clamped @entity2 cardiac Purkinje fibers. Elevating the intracellular @entity1 concentration ([ @entity0 ]i) results in oscillations of membrane current and @entity3 both at rest and during stimulation. During stimulation, an oscillatory transient inward current and an after contraction follow repolarization. We have examined the effects on the oscillations of changing the extracellular @entity1 concentration ([ @entity0 ]o) and of adding various drugs. In agreement with previous work, high concentrations of drugs that affect the sarcoplasmic reticulum, namely @entity4 (10-20 mM), @entity5 (1 mM), and @entity6 (10 microM), abolish the oscillations. However, at lower concentrations, these three drugs have different effects on the oscillations. @entity4 (1-2 mM) decreases the oscillation amplitude but increases the frequency. @entity5 (100-500 microM) has little effect on the magnitude of the oscillations but decreases their frequency. @entity6 , at all concentrations used (0.1-10 microM), eventually abolishes the oscillations but, in doing so, decreases the magnitude, leaving the frequency unaffected. When [ @entity0 ]o was changed in order to vary [ @entity0 ]i, both the frequency and the magnitude of the oscillations always changed in the same direction. This suggests that these three drugs have effects in addition to just changing [ @entity0 ]i.

title: Effects of XXXX , @entity5 , and @entity6 on @entity1 -dependent oscillations in @entity2 cardiac Purkinje fibers.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Membrane current and @entity3 were measured in voltage-clamped @entity2 cardiac Purkinje fibers. Elevating the intracellular @entity1 concentration ([ @entity0 ]i) results in oscillations of membrane current and @entity3 both at rest and during stimulation. During stimulation, an oscillatory transient inward current and an after contraction follow repolarization. We have examined the effects on the oscillations of changing the extracellular @entity1 concentration ([ @entity0 ]o) and of adding various drugs. In agreement with previous work, high concentrations of drugs that affect the sarcoplasmic reticulum, namely @entity4 (10-20 mM), @entity5 (1 mM), and @entity6 (10 microM), abolish the oscillations. However, at lower concentrations, these three drugs have different effects on the oscillations. @entity4 (1-2 mM) decreases the oscillation amplitude but increases the frequency. @entity5 (100-500 microM) has little effect on the magnitude of the oscillations but decreases their frequency. @entity6 , at all concentrations used (0.1-10 microM), eventually abolishes the oscillations but, in doing so, decreases the magnitude, leaving the frequency unaffected. When [ @entity0 ]o was changed in order to vary [ @entity0 ]i, both the frequency and the magnitude of the oscillations always changed in the same direction. This suggests that these three drugs have effects in addition to just changing [ @entity0 ]i.

title: Effects of @entity4 , XXXX , and @entity6 on @entity1 -dependent oscillations in @entity2 cardiac Purkinje fibers.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Membrane current and @entity3 were measured in voltage-clamped @entity2 cardiac Purkinje fibers. Elevating the intracellular @entity1 concentration ([ @entity0 ]i) results in oscillations of membrane current and @entity3 both at rest and during stimulation. During stimulation, an oscillatory transient inward current and an after contraction follow repolarization. We have examined the effects on the oscillations of changing the extracellular @entity1 concentration ([ @entity0 ]o) and of adding various drugs. In agreement with previous work, high concentrations of drugs that affect the sarcoplasmic reticulum, namely @entity4 (10-20 mM), @entity5 (1 mM), and @entity6 (10 microM), abolish the oscillations. However, at lower concentrations, these three drugs have different effects on the oscillations. @entity4 (1-2 mM) decreases the oscillation amplitude but increases the frequency. @entity5 (100-500 microM) has little effect on the magnitude of the oscillations but decreases their frequency. @entity6 , at all concentrations used (0.1-10 microM), eventually abolishes the oscillations but, in doing so, decreases the magnitude, leaving the frequency unaffected. When [ @entity0 ]o was changed in order to vary [ @entity0 ]i, both the frequency and the magnitude of the oscillations always changed in the same direction. This suggests that these three drugs have effects in addition to just changing [ @entity0 ]i.

title: Effects of @entity4 , @entity5 , and XXXX on @entity1 -dependent oscillations in @entity2 cardiac Purkinje fibers.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Membrane current and @entity3 were measured in voltage-clamped @entity2 cardiac Purkinje fibers. Elevating the intracellular @entity1 concentration ([ @entity0 ]i) results in oscillations of membrane current and @entity3 both at rest and during stimulation. During stimulation, an oscillatory transient inward current and an after contraction follow repolarization. We have examined the effects on the oscillations of changing the extracellular @entity1 concentration ([ @entity0 ]o) and of adding various drugs. In agreement with previous work, high concentrations of drugs that affect the sarcoplasmic reticulum, namely @entity4 (10-20 mM), @entity5 (1 mM), and @entity6 (10 microM), abolish the oscillations. However, at lower concentrations, these three drugs have different effects on the oscillations. @entity4 (1-2 mM) decreases the oscillation amplitude but increases the frequency. @entity5 (100-500 microM) has little effect on the magnitude of the oscillations but decreases their frequency. @entity6 , at all concentrations used (0.1-10 microM), eventually abolishes the oscillations but, in doing so, decreases the magnitude, leaving the frequency unaffected. When [ @entity0 ]o was changed in order to vary [ @entity0 ]i, both the frequency and the magnitude of the oscillations always changed in the same direction. This suggests that these three drugs have effects in addition to just changing [ @entity0 ]i.

title: Effects of @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity6 on XXXX -dependent oscillations in @entity2 cardiac Purkinje fibers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of @entity6 on spermatogenesis in the @entity0 model of @entity4 and its action mechanisms. METHODS: Sixty male @entity0 were randomly divided into 4 groups, Shengjingbao (Group 1), @entity2 (Group 2), blank model control (Group 3) and normal blank control (Group 4). The first three groups were treated by celiac injection of @entity3 for 5 successive days to make models, followed by intragastric administration of Shengjingbao and @entity2 to Group I and 2, respectively, for 36 days. And then all the @entity0 were sacrificed. The serum @entity1 (T) level was determined by radioimmunology, and a suspension was made from the testis and epididymis of one side for sperm analysis, while the testis of the other side was sliced up and stained by HE method and TUNEL technique to detect the count of Leydig cells, the layers of @entity5 and the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells. RESULTS: Compared with Group 3, the serum T level, the layers of @entity5 and the count of Leydig cells were obviously improved and even exceeded those in Group 2. The positive expression rate of spermatogenic cell apoptosis in Group 1 was evidently lower than Group 2 and 3. The above differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), but no significant difference was noted between Group 1 and 4. CONCLUSION: Shengjingbao can significantly increase the count of Leydig cells, elevate the T level that influences the layers of @entity5 , and thus enhance spermatogenesis. The action mechanisms of Shengjingbao may lie in its capacity of inhibiting the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells, increasing the layers of @entity5 and facilitating spermatogenesis. T may play a role in inhibiting the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells.

title: [Facilitation of Shengjingbao to spermatogenesis in XXXX @entity0 models and its action mechanisms].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of @entity6 on spermatogenesis in the @entity0 model of @entity4 and its action mechanisms. METHODS: Sixty male @entity0 were randomly divided into 4 groups, Shengjingbao (Group 1), @entity2 (Group 2), blank model control (Group 3) and normal blank control (Group 4). The first three groups were treated by celiac injection of @entity3 for 5 successive days to make models, followed by intragastric administration of Shengjingbao and @entity2 to Group I and 2, respectively, for 36 days. And then all the @entity0 were sacrificed. The serum @entity1 (T) level was determined by radioimmunology, and a suspension was made from the testis and epididymis of one side for sperm analysis, while the testis of the other side was sliced up and stained by HE method and TUNEL technique to detect the count of Leydig cells, the layers of @entity5 and the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells. RESULTS: Compared with Group 3, the serum T level, the layers of @entity5 and the count of Leydig cells were obviously improved and even exceeded those in Group 2. The positive expression rate of spermatogenic cell apoptosis in Group 1 was evidently lower than Group 2 and 3. The above differences were statistically significant (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), but no significant difference was noted between Group 1 and 4. CONCLUSION: Shengjingbao can significantly increase the count of Leydig cells, elevate the T level that influences the layers of @entity5 , and thus enhance spermatogenesis. The action mechanisms of Shengjingbao may lie in its capacity of inhibiting the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells, increasing the layers of @entity5 and facilitating spermatogenesis. T may play a role in inhibiting the apoptosis of spermatogenic cells.

title: [Facilitation of Shengjingbao to spermatogenesis in @entity4 XXXX models and its action mechanisms].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Swiss Webster @entity0 were treated to determine whether the inhalational anesthetic, @entity5 ( @entity4 ), causes @entity2 and enhances anesthetic defluorination. Two-hundred and sixteen young adult male and female @entity0 were exposed to room air or to 5,000 (.5%), 50,000 (5%) or 500,000 (50%) @entity4 for four hours per day, five days per week for periods up to fourteen weeks. Body weight was measured twice weekly throughout the experiment. Liver, kidney, spleen and testis were weighed and examined histologically along with brain, stomach, seminal vesicle, and ovary for evidence of @entity1 . Blood smears were examined microscopically and complete blood count, differential white cell count, and reticulocyte and platelet counts were performed. In addition, liver microsomal @entity7 content and the rates of defluorination of @entity6 and @entity8 were determined. The maximum tolerated concentration of @entity4 was approximately 5000,000 ppm. Even at this high dose, there was no evidence of organ damage. Following @entity4 exposure, neither the hepatic microsomal @entity7 content nor the rates of anesthetic defluorination were increased; the rate of in vitro inorganic @entity3 production was greater for @entity8 than for @entity6 . Since there was no evidence of specific @entity2 or of enzyme induction or inhibition, it was concluded that @entity4 is a comparatively nontoxic inhalational anesthetic under the conditions of this study.

title: Effects of subchronic intermittent exposure to XXXX in Swiss Webster @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Swiss Webster @entity0 were treated to determine whether the inhalational anesthetic, @entity5 ( @entity4 ), causes @entity2 and enhances anesthetic defluorination. Two-hundred and sixteen young adult male and female @entity0 were exposed to room air or to 5,000 (.5%), 50,000 (5%) or 500,000 (50%) @entity4 for four hours per day, five days per week for periods up to fourteen weeks. Body weight was measured twice weekly throughout the experiment. Liver, kidney, spleen and testis were weighed and examined histologically along with brain, stomach, seminal vesicle, and ovary for evidence of @entity1 . Blood smears were examined microscopically and complete blood count, differential white cell count, and reticulocyte and platelet counts were performed. In addition, liver microsomal @entity7 content and the rates of defluorination of @entity6 and @entity8 were determined. The maximum tolerated concentration of @entity4 was approximately 5000,000 ppm. Even at this high dose, there was no evidence of organ damage. Following @entity4 exposure, neither the hepatic microsomal @entity7 content nor the rates of anesthetic defluorination were increased; the rate of in vitro inorganic @entity3 production was greater for @entity8 than for @entity6 . Since there was no evidence of specific @entity2 or of enzyme induction or inhibition, it was concluded that @entity4 is a comparatively nontoxic inhalational anesthetic under the conditions of this study.

title: Effects of subchronic intermittent exposure to @entity5 in Swiss Webster XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Pathologic @entity2 are caused by diseases that lead to weakness of the bone structure. This process sometimes occurs owing to bony change after radiation therapy. Treatment of pathologic @entity2 may be difficult because of previous radiation therapy. METHODS: In this study, we analyzed clinical and radiographic data and progress of five @entity0 with mandibular pathological @entity2 who had received postoperative radiation therapy following @entity1 surgery. RESULT: @entity0 received an average radiation dose of 59.2 (SD, 7.2) Gy. Four of five @entity0 exhibited bone union regardless of whether open reduction and internal fixation (OR/IF) was performed. @entity0 have the potential to heal after postoperative radiation therapy. Treatment of a pathologic @entity2 following postoperative radiation therapy, such as traditional treatment for other types of @entity2 , may be performed using OR/IF or CR. OR/IF may be selected in cases of significant bone deviation, small remaining bone volume, or occlusive change. CONCLUSION: @entity0 have the potential to heal after postoperative radiation therapy.

title: Treatment of pathologic XXXX following postoperative radiation therapy: clinical study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Currently elective orthopaedic @entity0 require a microscopy and culture of urine (MSU) to be performed on admission. Between 70-80% of urine cultures are found to be negative for @entity1 , making this practice costly and time consuming. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of a dip stick urine chemistry analyser (Clinitek 50 machine) with a MSU, to detect the presence of @entity3 and/or leukocytes in a group of elective orthopaedic surgical @entity0 . methodology: Using a prospective cohort study design all elective orthopaedic @entity0 who met the study criteria were invited to participate. In total 102 @entity0 undergoing total hip or total knee replacement surgery participated. results: Results showed that the prevalence of @entity2 in @entity0 undergoing total knee or hip surgery, was 14%. High specificity and negative predictive values for the detection of bacterial growth by dip stick urine chemical analysis were found, especially when either the presence of @entity3 or leukocytes was used as an indicator. conclusion: This study has provided valuable baseline data on the accuracy of using photometry techniques as a screening measure, in the detection of UTI, in a sample of orthopaedic @entity0 . While the Clinitek 50 dip stick urine chemistry analyser did not have high sensitivity in identifying those @entity0 with a UTI, it was specific in identifying those @entity0 who did not have an @entity1 . Given the enormous cost in routine screening of these @entity0 and the impact on nursing resources, use of this analyser could have potential nursing resource and financial benefits.

title: Comparison of a urine chemistry analyser and microscopy, culture and sensitivity results to detect the presence of XXXX in an elective orthopaedic population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of radical treatment for stage I @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with external beam radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective series of 23 @entity0 with stage I @entity2 treated radically with radiotherapy from September 1997 to December 2004 at the National @entity1 Centre, Singapore. Eighteen @entity0 had 3D conformal radiotherapy and 5 @entity0 had 2D planning. The median radiation dose delivered was 55 Gy (range, 50 to 67.5 in 20 to 33 fractions). The estimated median @entity3 (10) was 63.9 Gy (range, 57.6 to 70.1). Complete response (CR) rates, overall survival and cause-specific survival rates were analysed for evaluation of treatment results. Local regional failure was defined as disease in the ipsilateral lung and entire mediastinum. Recurrence at the contralateral lung and other distal organs was defined as distant metastases. Survival data were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and tested for significance with log-rank statistics. RESULTS: A total of 23 @entity0 (16 males, 7 females) with a median age of 73 years (range, 45 to 88) were analysed. Six (26%) had stage IA and 17 (74%) had stage IB disease. Eleven @entity0 refused surgery and 12 @entity0 were medically inoperable. The median follow-up was 18.9 months (range, 6.2 to 117.4). The overall survival at 2 years and 3 years was 54.7% and 24.3% respectively. The overall cause-specific survival was 57.4% at 2 years and 25.6% at 3 years. Radiological CR was obtained in 6/23 @entity0 (26%) and the median survival was 24.8 months as compared to 20 months in @entity0 who attained partial response (PR) or unknown response (P = 0.24). The median survival for 12 @entity0 who received a @entity3 (10) of > or =63.9Gy was not reached as compared to 20 months in 11 @entity0 with @entity3 (10) of <63.9 Gy (P = 0.03). Sixteen @entity0 died, 14 due to disease recurrence or progression and 2 of unrelated causes. Seven @entity0 (29.2%) remained alive. The longest surviving @entity0 had a follow-up time of 117.4 months. Four of these 7 @entity0 were disease-free and 3 were alive with disease (2 with bone metastases and 1 with recurrence in the primary site). CONCLUSION: Our data are consistent with the reported literature for stage I @entity2 treated with radical radiotherapy. @entity0 who received a higher dose of radiation have a better outcome. The 3-year cause-specific survival of 25.6% is less than ideal and further investigations into dose escalation with modern radiotherapy techniques and perhaps the addition of chemotherapy or new targeted agents to radiation are warranted to improve the outcome.

title: Radical radiotherapy in stage I XXXX ( @entity2 )--Singapore National @entity1 Centre experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of radical treatment for stage I @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with external beam radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective series of 23 @entity0 with stage I @entity2 treated radically with radiotherapy from September 1997 to December 2004 at the National @entity1 Centre, Singapore. Eighteen @entity0 had 3D conformal radiotherapy and 5 @entity0 had 2D planning. The median radiation dose delivered was 55 Gy (range, 50 to 67.5 in 20 to 33 fractions). The estimated median @entity3 (10) was 63.9 Gy (range, 57.6 to 70.1). Complete response (CR) rates, overall survival and cause-specific survival rates were analysed for evaluation of treatment results. Local regional failure was defined as disease in the ipsilateral lung and entire mediastinum. Recurrence at the contralateral lung and other distal organs was defined as distant metastases. Survival data were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and tested for significance with log-rank statistics. RESULTS: A total of 23 @entity0 (16 males, 7 females) with a median age of 73 years (range, 45 to 88) were analysed. Six (26%) had stage IA and 17 (74%) had stage IB disease. Eleven @entity0 refused surgery and 12 @entity0 were medically inoperable. The median follow-up was 18.9 months (range, 6.2 to 117.4). The overall survival at 2 years and 3 years was 54.7% and 24.3% respectively. The overall cause-specific survival was 57.4% at 2 years and 25.6% at 3 years. Radiological CR was obtained in 6/23 @entity0 (26%) and the median survival was 24.8 months as compared to 20 months in @entity0 who attained partial response (PR) or unknown response (P = 0.24). The median survival for 12 @entity0 who received a @entity3 (10) of > or =63.9Gy was not reached as compared to 20 months in 11 @entity0 with @entity3 (10) of <63.9 Gy (P = 0.03). Sixteen @entity0 died, 14 due to disease recurrence or progression and 2 of unrelated causes. Seven @entity0 (29.2%) remained alive. The longest surviving @entity0 had a follow-up time of 117.4 months. Four of these 7 @entity0 were disease-free and 3 were alive with disease (2 with bone metastases and 1 with recurrence in the primary site). CONCLUSION: Our data are consistent with the reported literature for stage I @entity2 treated with radical radiotherapy. @entity0 who received a higher dose of radiation have a better outcome. The 3-year cause-specific survival of 25.6% is less than ideal and further investigations into dose escalation with modern radiotherapy techniques and perhaps the addition of chemotherapy or new targeted agents to radiation are warranted to improve the outcome.

title: Radical radiotherapy in stage I @entity2 ( XXXX )--Singapore National @entity1 Centre experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to assess the outcome of radical treatment for stage I @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with external beam radiation therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective series of 23 @entity0 with stage I @entity2 treated radically with radiotherapy from September 1997 to December 2004 at the National @entity1 Centre, Singapore. Eighteen @entity0 had 3D conformal radiotherapy and 5 @entity0 had 2D planning. The median radiation dose delivered was 55 Gy (range, 50 to 67.5 in 20 to 33 fractions). The estimated median @entity3 (10) was 63.9 Gy (range, 57.6 to 70.1). Complete response (CR) rates, overall survival and cause-specific survival rates were analysed for evaluation of treatment results. Local regional failure was defined as disease in the ipsilateral lung and entire mediastinum. Recurrence at the contralateral lung and other distal organs was defined as distant metastases. Survival data were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and tested for significance with log-rank statistics. RESULTS: A total of 23 @entity0 (16 males, 7 females) with a median age of 73 years (range, 45 to 88) were analysed. Six (26%) had stage IA and 17 (74%) had stage IB disease. Eleven @entity0 refused surgery and 12 @entity0 were medically inoperable. The median follow-up was 18.9 months (range, 6.2 to 117.4). The overall survival at 2 years and 3 years was 54.7% and 24.3% respectively. The overall cause-specific survival was 57.4% at 2 years and 25.6% at 3 years. Radiological CR was obtained in 6/23 @entity0 (26%) and the median survival was 24.8 months as compared to 20 months in @entity0 who attained partial response (PR) or unknown response (P = 0.24). The median survival for 12 @entity0 who received a @entity3 (10) of > or =63.9Gy was not reached as compared to 20 months in 11 @entity0 with @entity3 (10) of <63.9 Gy (P = 0.03). Sixteen @entity0 died, 14 due to disease recurrence or progression and 2 of unrelated causes. Seven @entity0 (29.2%) remained alive. The longest surviving @entity0 had a follow-up time of 117.4 months. Four of these 7 @entity0 were disease-free and 3 were alive with disease (2 with bone metastases and 1 with recurrence in the primary site). CONCLUSION: Our data are consistent with the reported literature for stage I @entity2 treated with radical radiotherapy. @entity0 who received a higher dose of radiation have a better outcome. The 3-year cause-specific survival of 25.6% is less than ideal and further investigations into dose escalation with modern radiotherapy techniques and perhaps the addition of chemotherapy or new targeted agents to radiation are warranted to improve the outcome.

title: Radical radiotherapy in stage I @entity2 ( @entity2 )--Singapore National XXXX Centre experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A prospective cohort study of skeletally immature idiopathic scoliotic @entity0 treated with the TriaC brace. To determine if the TriaC brace is effective in preventing curve progression in immature adolescent idiopathic scoliotic @entity0 with a very high risk of curve progression based on reported natural history data. The aim of the newly introduced TriaC brace is to reverse the pathologic transverse force pattern by externally applied and continuously present orthotic forces. In the frontal plane the force system used in the TriaC brace is similar to the force system of the conventional braces. However, in the sagittal plane the force system acts only on the thoracic region. In addition, the brace allows upper @entity2 without affecting the corrective forces during body motion. In a preliminary study it is demonstrated that the brace prevents further progression of both the Cobb angle and @entity1 in @entity3 . Skeletally immature @entity0 with @entity3 with curves between 20 and 40 degrees were studied prospectively. Skeletally immature was defined as a Risser sign 0 or 1 for both @entity0 and @entity0 , or pre-menarche or less than 1-year post-menarche for @entity0 . Curves of less than 30 degrees had to have documented progression before entry. The mean age of the @entity0 at the start of treatment was 11.3 +/- 3.1 years. All measurements were collected by a single observer, and all @entity0 were followed up to skeletal maturity. Treatment was complete for all @entity0 when they had reached Risser sign 4 and did not show any further growth at length measurements. This was at a mean age of 15.6 +/- 1.1 years, with a mean follow-up of 1.6 years post bracing. In our study a successful outcome was obtained in 76% of @entity0 treated with the TriaC brace. Comparing our data to literature data on natural history of a similar cohort shows that the TriaC brace significantly alters the predicted natural history. The current study demonstrates that treatment with the TriaC brace reduces the scoliosis, and that the achieved correction is maintained in some degree after skeletal maturity is reached and bracing is discontinued. It also prevents further progression of the Cobb angle in @entity3 . The new brace does not differ from the conventional braces as far as maintaining the deformity is concerned.

title: Clinical effect of continuous corrective force delivery in the non-operative treatment of XXXX : a prospective cohort study of the TriaC-brace.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Mediterranean diet is associated with lower incidence of @entity4 , and two randomised trials indicated that it improves prognosis of coronary @entity0 . These trials, however, relied on a total of 100 @entity3 and evaluated designer diets in the clinical context. We have evaluated the association of adherence to the modified Mediterranean diet, in which unsaturates were substituted for monounsaturates, with survival among elderly with previous @entity5 within the European Prospective Investigation into @entity1 and nutrition (EPIC) study. As of December 2003, after a median follow-up of 6.7 years, 2671 EPIC @entity0 from nine countries were 60 years or older and had prevalent @entity5 but no @entity2 or @entity1 at enrolment, complete information on dietary intakes and important covariates and known survival status. Adherence to the modified Mediterranean diet was assessed through a 10-unit-scale. Mortality ratio in relation to modified Mediterranean diet was estimated through @entity6 regression controlling for possible confounding. Increased adherence to modified Mediterranean diet by two units was associated with 18% lower overall mortality rate (95% confidence interval 7-27%, fixed effects model). There was no significant heterogeneity by sex, age at enrolment, or country, although the association tended to be less evident among northern Europeans. Associations between food groups contributing to the modified Mediterranean diet and mortality were generally weak. A diet inspired by the Mediterranean pattern that can be easily adopted by Western populations is associated with substantial reduction of total mortality of coronary @entity0 in the community.

title: Modified Mediterranean diet and survival after XXXX : the EPIC-Elderly study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity10 synthetase (AdSS) catalyzes the Mg2+ dependent condensation of a molecule of IMP with @entity1 to form adenylosuccinate, in a reaction driven by the hydrolysis of @entity6 to @entity5 . AdSS from the thermophilic archaea, @entity9 (MjAdSS) is 345 @entity4 long against an average length of 430-457 @entity4 for most mesophilic AdSS. This short AdSS has two large deletions that map to the middle and C-terminus of the protein. This article discusses the detailed kinetic characterization of MjAdSS. Initial @entity11 and product inhibition studies, carried out at 70 degrees C, suggest a rapid equilibrium random AB steady-state ordered C kinetic mechanism for the MjAdSS catalyzed reaction. AdSS are known to exhibit monomer-dimer equilibrium with the dimer being implicated in catalysis. In contrast, our studies show that MjAdSS is an equilibrium mixture of dimers and tetramers with the tetramer being the catalytically active form. The tetramer dissociates into dimers with a minor increase in ionic strength of the buffer, while the dimer is extremely stable and does not dissociate even at 1.2 M @entity2 . @entity3 , a product of the reaction, was found to be a potent inhibitor of MjAdSS showing biphasic inhibition of enzyme activity. The inhibition was competitive with IMP and noncompetitive with @entity6 . MjAdSS, like the @entity0 acidic isozyme, exhibits substrate inhibition, with IMP inhibiting enzyme activity at subsaturating @entity6 concentrations. Regulation of enzyme activity by the glycolytic intermediate, @entity7 , was also observed with the inhibition being competitive with @entity8 and noncompetitive against @entity6 .

title: Kinetic characterization of XXXX synthetase from the thermophilic archaea @entity9 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity10 synthetase (AdSS) catalyzes the Mg2+ dependent condensation of a molecule of IMP with @entity1 to form adenylosuccinate, in a reaction driven by the hydrolysis of @entity6 to @entity5 . AdSS from the thermophilic archaea, @entity9 (MjAdSS) is 345 @entity4 long against an average length of 430-457 @entity4 for most mesophilic AdSS. This short AdSS has two large deletions that map to the middle and C-terminus of the protein. This article discusses the detailed kinetic characterization of MjAdSS. Initial @entity11 and product inhibition studies, carried out at 70 degrees C, suggest a rapid equilibrium random AB steady-state ordered C kinetic mechanism for the MjAdSS catalyzed reaction. AdSS are known to exhibit monomer-dimer equilibrium with the dimer being implicated in catalysis. In contrast, our studies show that MjAdSS is an equilibrium mixture of dimers and tetramers with the tetramer being the catalytically active form. The tetramer dissociates into dimers with a minor increase in ionic strength of the buffer, while the dimer is extremely stable and does not dissociate even at 1.2 M @entity2 . @entity3 , a product of the reaction, was found to be a potent inhibitor of MjAdSS showing biphasic inhibition of enzyme activity. The inhibition was competitive with IMP and noncompetitive with @entity6 . MjAdSS, like the @entity0 acidic isozyme, exhibits substrate inhibition, with IMP inhibiting enzyme activity at subsaturating @entity6 concentrations. Regulation of enzyme activity by the glycolytic intermediate, @entity7 , was also observed with the inhibition being competitive with @entity8 and noncompetitive against @entity6 .

title: Kinetic characterization of @entity10 synthetase from the thermophilic archaea XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 aminotransferase (ALT) has been one of the most useful biomarkers reflecting @entity2 . Some studies have proposed that serum ALT levels, even those within the conventional normal range, are associated with @entity1 and @entity3 . AIMS: We examined the correlation between ALT levels and @entity4 resistance (IR) and ALT cutoff value for high IR status in Korean adolescents. METHODS: A total of 886 subjects (461 @entity0 and 425 @entity0 ) who participated in the 2009-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in this study. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to examine the odds ratios and 95  % confidence intervals (CIs) of the prevalence of the highest quartile of the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) according to the ALT quartile. The cutoff value of ALT for the highest HOMA-IR quartile (Q4) were obtained using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: The mean ALT value increased as the number of @entity1 components increased, but in only @entity0 (p for trend <0.001), while the IR quartile increased in both @entity0 and @entity0 (all p for trends <0.001). The prevalence of IR (Q4) was only increased in ALT (Q4) in @entity0 after the adjustment for age, body mass index, and waist circumference (OR 2.49; 95  % CI 1.05-5.91; p for trend  =  0.017). The cutoff values were 17.0  IU/L in @entity0 and 11.0  IU/L in @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The highest ALT quartile was associated with an increased prevalence of the highest quartile of IR in @entity0 but not in @entity0 .

title: Upper Normal XXXX Aminotransferase Range and @entity4 Resistance in Korean Adolescents: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2010.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 aminotransferase (ALT) has been one of the most useful biomarkers reflecting @entity2 . Some studies have proposed that serum ALT levels, even those within the conventional normal range, are associated with @entity1 and @entity3 . AIMS: We examined the correlation between ALT levels and @entity4 resistance (IR) and ALT cutoff value for high IR status in Korean adolescents. METHODS: A total of 886 subjects (461 @entity0 and 425 @entity0 ) who participated in the 2009-2010 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in this study. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression analyses were used to examine the odds ratios and 95  % confidence intervals (CIs) of the prevalence of the highest quartile of the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) according to the ALT quartile. The cutoff value of ALT for the highest HOMA-IR quartile (Q4) were obtained using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS: The mean ALT value increased as the number of @entity1 components increased, but in only @entity0 (p for trend <0.001), while the IR quartile increased in both @entity0 and @entity0 (all p for trends <0.001). The prevalence of IR (Q4) was only increased in ALT (Q4) in @entity0 after the adjustment for age, body mass index, and waist circumference (OR 2.49; 95  % CI 1.05-5.91; p for trend  =  0.017). The cutoff values were 17.0  IU/L in @entity0 and 11.0  IU/L in @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: The highest ALT quartile was associated with an increased prevalence of the highest quartile of IR in @entity0 but not in @entity0 .

title: Upper Normal @entity5 Aminotransferase Range and XXXX Resistance in Korean Adolescents: Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2009-2010.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The present review discusses the etiology, clinical presentation, and management of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in the pediatric population, including etiologic and diagnostic controversies, management options, and outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS: New evidence demonstrates conflicting results regarding how and when primary FAI develops in relation to skeletal maturity. Recent studies also discuss the effects of sex, race, and sports on FAI development and radiographic considerations in the pediatric population. Recent literature demonstrates good to excellent outcomes in the operative management of FAI in @entity0 and adolescents. SUMMARY: FAI is a source of pediatric @entity1 and can occur primarily or secondarily. It is characterized by anterior @entity1 , made worse with flexion activities, decreased hip internal rotation, and a positive impingement sign. Pathologic values for radiographic measures of FAI are not clearly defined in the pediatric population. As FAI is a risk factor for @entity2 , early intervention in specific @entity0 may be indicated. Hip arthroscopy, surgical @entity3 , or combined mini-open and arthroscopic approaches are utilized, with good to excellent short, and mid-term functional results. Further study is required in the pediatric population to identify potential preventive strategies, to delineate the pathologic radiographic values of FAI, to define specific indications for operative management, and to examine long-term outcomes to determine optimal management.

title: Femoroacetabular impingement in XXXX and adolescents.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although injection of hyaluronidase into surrounding tissues was proposed to treat arterial hyaluronic acid @entity3 , its application is still rather limited. The authors' goal was to investigate whether intravenous use of hyaluronidase can help resolve hyaluronic acid-induced @entity4 . METHODS: Inferior epigastric arteries, nourishing inferior abdominal skin of @entity0 , were injected with 0.02 ml of hyaluronic acid to create the animal model. The @entity0 were divided randomly into four groups and given different solutions intravenously: hyaluronidase plus urokinase (group A), hyaluronidase (group B), urokinase (group C), or saline (group D). Progression of tissue @entity1 in all groups was recorded for 1 week. The flap survival rate and mean percentage of surviving flap area were analyzed. RESULTS: The animal model closely imitated actual hyaluronic acid arterial obstruction cases. Flap @entity1 occurrence rates of each group were 10 percent in group A, 70 percent in group B, 80 percent in group C, and 90 percent in group D. The mean surviving flap areas of each group were 92.45 percent (group A), 47.67 percent (group B), 41.41 percent (group C), and 33.19 percent (group D). When hyaluronidase and urokinase were used together, the flap @entity1 rate decreased significantly compared with that of the control group (p < 0.05). Even in cases of @entity1 , group A had a higher average surviving flap area than did the other groups. CONCLUSIONS: Combined use of hyaluronidase and urokinase can help increase the flap survival rate when administered intravenously in intraarterial hyaluronic acid occlusion cases. Both red @entity2 and hyaluronic acid emboli must be dissolved for flap reperfusion. This method shows a promising effect for future application.

title: Intravenous Hyaluronidase with Urokinase as Treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 is characterized by @entity5 following facial @entity1 leading to variable @entity2 . The purpose of this study was to evaluate recent institutional trends in the treatment of @entity6 , evaluate the outcomes of different treatment strategies, and identify factors associated with improved vision. METHODS: Institutional review board approval was obtained to retrospectively review @entity0 diagnosed with @entity6 at a high-volume @entity1 center from 2004 to 2012. Pretreatment and posttreatment visual acuity was compared using quantitative analysis of standard ophthalmologic conversion. RESULTS: A total of 109 @entity0 met inclusion criteria (74.3 percent male @entity0 ), with a mean age of 38.0    17.5 years (range, 8 to 82 years). Management of @entity6 involved intravenous @entity4 alone in 8.3 percent of @entity0 (n = 9), 56.9 percent (n = 62) underwent observation, 28.4 percent (n = 31) had surgical intervention, and 6.4 percent (n = 7) underwent surgery and corticosteroid administration. Only 19.3 percent of @entity0 returned for follow-up. Vision improved in 47.6 percent of @entity0 , with a mean follow-up of 12.9 weeks. @entity0 younger than 50 years had a trend toward higher rates of visual improvement, 60 percent versus 16.7 percent (p = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of @entity6 @entity0 are unlikely to return for a follow-up examination. Optic nerve decompression has fallen out of favor in the authors' institution, and observation is the most common management strategy. Outcomes following @entity3 administration and observation are comparable. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.

title: Treatment Outcomes following XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Probiotics are a promising alternative to improve food animal productivity and health. However, scientific evidence that specific microbes can be used to benefit animal health and performance is limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of administering a live culture of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii to newborn dairy @entity0 on subsequent growth, health, and fecal microbiome. Initially, a safety trial was conducted using 30 newborn bull @entity0 to assess potential adverse effects of the oral and rectal administration of F. prausnitzii to neonatal @entity0 . No adverse reactions, such as increased body temperature or heart and respiratory rates, were observed after the administration of the treatments. All @entity0 survived the experimental period, and there was no difference in fecal consistency score, attitude, appetite or dehydration between the treatment groups. The rectal route was not an efficient practice while the oral route ensures that the full dose is administered to the treated @entity0 . Subsequently, a randomized field trial was completed in a commercial farm with preweaned @entity0 . A total of 554 Holstein heifers were assigned to one of two treatment groups: treated @entity0 (FPTRT) and non-treated @entity0 (control). Treated @entity0 received two oral doses of F. prausnitzii, one at treatment assignment (1st week) and another one week later. The FPTRT group presented significantly lower incidence of severe @entity1 (3.1%) compared with the control group (6.8%). Treated @entity0 also had lower mortality rate associated with severe @entity1 (1.5%) compared to control @entity0 (4.4%). Furthermore, FPTRT @entity0 gained significantly more weight, 4.4 kg over the preweaning period, than controls @entity0 . The relative abundance of F. prausnitzii in the fecal microbiota was significantly higher in the 3rd and 5th weeks of life of FPTRT @entity0 than of the control @entity0 , as revealed by sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Our findings showed that oral administration of F. prausnitzii improves @entity2 and growth of preweaned @entity0 , supporting its use as a potential probiotic.

title: Oral Administration of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Decreased the Incidence of Severe XXXX and Related Mortality Rate and Increased Weight Gain in Preweaned Dairy Heifers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS), which is used in the evaluation of @entity1 , is believed to be intimately associated with the characteristics of the proximal femur. However, the specific associations of calcaneal QUS with characteristics of the hip sub-regions remain unclear. DESIGN: A cross-sectional assessment of 53 @entity4 @entity0 was performed for the skeletal status of the heel and hip. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 53 female @entity4 @entity0 with @entity3 . Calcaneal QUS, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and hip structural analysis (HSA) were performed for each @entity0 . Femoral heads were obtained during the surgery, and principal compressive trabeculae (PCT) were extracted by a three-dimensional printing technique-assisted method. Pearson's correlation between QUS measurement with DXA, HSA-derived parameters and Young's modulus were calculated in order to evaluate the specific association of QUS with the parameters for the hip sub-regions, including the femoral neck, trochanteric and Ward's areas, and the femoral shaft, respectively. RESULTS: Significant correlations were found between estimated @entity2 (Est. @entity2 ) and @entity2 of different sub-regions of proximal femur. However, the correlation coefficient of trochanteric area (r = 0.356, p = 0.009) was higher than that of the neck area (r = 0.297, p = 0.031) and total proximal femur (r = 0.291, p = 0.034). Furthermore, the quantitative ultrasound index (QUI) was significantly correlated with the HSA-derived parameters of the trochanteric area (r value: 0.315-0.356, all p<0.05) as well as with the Young's modulus of PCT from the femoral head (r = 0.589, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The calcaneal bone had an intimate association with the trochanteric cancellous bone. To a certain extent, the parameters of the calcaneal QUS can reflect the characteristics of the trochanteric area of the proximal hip, although not specifically reflective of those of the femoral neck or shaft.

title: Correlation between Parameters of Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasound and Hip Structural Analysis in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS), which is used in the evaluation of @entity1 , is believed to be intimately associated with the characteristics of the proximal femur. However, the specific associations of calcaneal QUS with characteristics of the hip sub-regions remain unclear. DESIGN: A cross-sectional assessment of 53 @entity4 @entity0 was performed for the skeletal status of the heel and hip. METHODS: We prospectively enrolled 53 female @entity4 @entity0 with @entity3 . Calcaneal QUS, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and hip structural analysis (HSA) were performed for each @entity0 . Femoral heads were obtained during the surgery, and principal compressive trabeculae (PCT) were extracted by a three-dimensional printing technique-assisted method. Pearson's correlation between QUS measurement with DXA, HSA-derived parameters and Young's modulus were calculated in order to evaluate the specific association of QUS with the parameters for the hip sub-regions, including the femoral neck, trochanteric and Ward's areas, and the femoral shaft, respectively. RESULTS: Significant correlations were found between estimated @entity2 (Est. @entity2 ) and @entity2 of different sub-regions of proximal femur. However, the correlation coefficient of trochanteric area (r = 0.356, p = 0.009) was higher than that of the neck area (r = 0.297, p = 0.031) and total proximal femur (r = 0.291, p = 0.034). Furthermore, the quantitative ultrasound index (QUI) was significantly correlated with the HSA-derived parameters of the trochanteric area (r value: 0.315-0.356, all p<0.05) as well as with the Young's modulus of PCT from the femoral head (r = 0.589, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The calcaneal bone had an intimate association with the trochanteric cancellous bone. To a certain extent, the parameters of the calcaneal QUS can reflect the characteristics of the trochanteric area of the proximal hip, although not specifically reflective of those of the femoral neck or shaft.

title: Correlation between Parameters of Calcaneal Quantitative Ultrasound and Hip Structural Analysis in @entity4 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of an antiinflammatory lipid mediator, lipoxin A4 ( @entity7 ), in @entity3 , we measured the level of @entity7 in synovial fluid and lipoxin A4 receptor ( @entity8 ) expression in synovial tissues obtained from @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Levels of @entity7 and its analog ( @entity7 ) in synovial fluid from 30 @entity0 with @entity1 and 15 @entity0 with @entity2 were measured by a specific ELISA. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time quantitative PCR, and in situ hybridization were performed to detect mRNA for @entity8 and @entity6 , and @entity7 synthetase, in synovial tissues from 20 @entity0 with @entity1 and 10 @entity0 with @entity2 . RESULTS Both @entity7 and @entity7 showed significantly higher levels in @entity1 synovial fluid (10.34 +/- 14.12 ng/ml for @entity7 ) than @entity2 synovial fluid (0.66 +/- 0.77 ng/ml for @entity7 ). Logarithmic concentration of @entity7 was significantly correlated with that of leukotriene B4 and @entity4 in @entity1 and @entity2 synovial fluids. Expressions of @entity8 and @entity6 mRNA were stronger in @entity1 synovium than @entity2 synovium. Expression of mRNA for @entity5 ( @entity5 ), which induces @entity6 , was significantly stronger in @entity1 synovium than @entity2 synovium. CONCLUSION: @entity8 is an important target of @entity7 in synovial tissues of @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity6 induced by @entity5 might regulate the production of @entity7 to have an antiinflammatory effect against proinflammatory lipid mediators in inflamed joints. These findings could lead to the development of new therapy for @entity3 such as @entity1 .

title: Antiinflammatory mediator lipoxin A4 and its receptor in synovitis of @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of an antiinflammatory lipid mediator, lipoxin A4 ( @entity7 ), in @entity3 , we measured the level of @entity7 in synovial fluid and lipoxin A4 receptor ( @entity8 ) expression in synovial tissues obtained from @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Levels of @entity7 and its analog ( @entity7 ) in synovial fluid from 30 @entity0 with @entity1 and 15 @entity0 with @entity2 were measured by a specific ELISA. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time quantitative PCR, and in situ hybridization were performed to detect mRNA for @entity8 and @entity6 , and @entity7 synthetase, in synovial tissues from 20 @entity0 with @entity1 and 10 @entity0 with @entity2 . RESULTS Both @entity7 and @entity7 showed significantly higher levels in @entity1 synovial fluid (10.34 +/- 14.12 ng/ml for @entity7 ) than @entity2 synovial fluid (0.66 +/- 0.77 ng/ml for @entity7 ). Logarithmic concentration of @entity7 was significantly correlated with that of leukotriene B4 and @entity4 in @entity1 and @entity2 synovial fluids. Expressions of @entity8 and @entity6 mRNA were stronger in @entity1 synovium than @entity2 synovium. Expression of mRNA for @entity5 ( @entity5 ), which induces @entity6 , was significantly stronger in @entity1 synovium than @entity2 synovium. CONCLUSION: @entity8 is an important target of @entity7 in synovial tissues of @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity6 induced by @entity5 might regulate the production of @entity7 to have an antiinflammatory effect against proinflammatory lipid mediators in inflamed joints. These findings could lead to the development of new therapy for @entity3 such as @entity1 .

title: Antiinflammatory mediator lipoxin A4 and its receptor in synovitis of XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity0 with longstanding severe @entity2 ( @entity2 ) receiving chronic treatment with adalimumab, health related quality of life (HRQOL) was assessed using new instruments [Functional Assessment of @entity1 Therapy-Fatigue scale (FACIT-Fatigue) and Health Utilities Index @entity3 (HUI3)] and a more conventional instrument [Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36)]. METHODS: Different measures for collecting @entity0 -reported outcomes were applied simultaneously during the 3-year study period. Sociodemographic and medical history data were assessed at the baseline visit. Clinical examinations (e.g., joint examination and morning stiffness), disease assessments, and HRQOL data were recorded every 8 weeks. For dichotomous and categorical variables, absolute and relative frequencies were calculated. Metric measures were described using mean and standard deviation and/or standard error of the mean. HRQOL data were analyzed using observed cases. RESULTS: All assessed measures (FACIT-Fatigue, HUI3, SF-36) showed a rapid and statistically significant improvement from baseline following initiation of adalimumab therapy. This effect was maintained over the study period for a mean of 1.6 years in all applied measures. HRQOL data from all tested instruments were significantly correlated with each other. CONCLUSION: Chronic therapy with adalimumab improved measures of fatigue and HRQOL in @entity0 with longstanding @entity2 .

title: Improvement and longterm maintenance of quality of life during treatment with adalimumab in severe XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The treatment and outcome of primary @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has rarely been described. This retrospective study documents the clinicopathologic features and treatment results in this relatively rare entity. @entity0 AND METHODS: This study was conducted on 11 @entity0 diagnosed and treated for primary @entity2 over a period of 22 years. RESULTS: Of the 4 male and 7 female @entity0 , only one presented with the classic pattern of Sj  @entity1 ( @entity1 ) simultaneous with @entity2 , and only 4 @entity0 demonstrated a low-grade Maltoma type. None of the @entity0 had evidence of disease at the end of the primary treatment; 4 @entity0 are alive and well from 6 months to 10 years after the end of treatment. Four @entity0 relapsed and died due to therapy-resistant disease and 3 @entity0 died of nonmalignant causes while in complete remission. CONCLUSION: The majority of @entity0 with primary @entity2 present with early- stage disease. Accurate staging is mandatory. Low-grade, localized @entity2 can be treated successfully with primary radiotherapy alone. The aggressive type of @entity2 should be treated with combined chemoradiotherapy-based regimens.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of primary XXXX of the parotid gland: a retrospective study - Experience at the Northern Israel Oncology Center (1977-1999).

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of dual platelet inhibition in cases of severe @entity1 following retrobulbar and peribulbar anesthesia. SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilans Universit  t, M  nchen, Germany. DESIGN: Retrospective study. METHODS: Two groups of @entity0 were screened retrospectively over a 5-year period for the inclusion criterion of severe @entity2 after retrobulbar or parabulbar injection. The first group consisted of emergency cases referred to the clinic. A second group of @entity0 had received retrobulbar block at the hospital. All cases were collected and screened for the presence of antiplatelet therapy. RESULTS: Among roughly 160   000 @entity0 records screened, 3 @entity0 with grade @entity2 were identified. Two of these @entity0 were taking dual antiplatelet medications and 2 were on anticoagulation therapy during the time of retrobulbar or peribulbar anesthesia. None of the cases showed single medication platelet inhibition. The visual acuity of all @entity0 stayed low at the 6-month follow-up (1.2 logMAR in 1 @entity0 and no light perception in 2 @entity0 ). CONCLUSIONS: Retrobulbar @entity2 is a rare but severe complication of retrobulbar anesthesia. With the high prevalence of dual platelet inhibition found in these cases, a prospective controlled trial seems unethical. In these high-risk @entity0 , surgery should be performed under topical anesthesia if possible or general anesthesia if necessary. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Dual platelet inhibition in cases of severe XXXX following retrobulbar and peribulbar anesthesia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate @entity0 safety and refractive outcomes in eyes with an angle-supported phakic intraocular lens (pIOL), and to assess the correlation between rotation and corneal endothelial cell damage. SETTING: Gimbel Eye Centres, Calgary and Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. METHODS: This study included @entity0 with moderate to high @entity3 (range -6.50 to -19.50 diopters [D]) who received the Acrysof Cachet pIOL. Outcome measures included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity, manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and @entity1 . RESULTS: This study evaluated 119 eyes of 61 @entity0 . The mean @entity2 decrease from preoperative measurements was 3.11% (n = 46), with a mean @entity1 of 10.6 degrees (n = 35) at the 3-year postoperative visit. Of the 49 eyes at the 3-year visit measured for UDVA, 98.0% were 20/40 or better and 77.6% were 20/20 or better. The MRSE improved from a preoperative mean of -9.26 diopters (D)    2.43 (SD) (range -19.50 to -5.63 D) to -0.33    0.61 D (range -3.12 to +0.71 D) at the 3-year visit. The residual refractive error was within   0.50 D of the target refraction for 78.4% and within   1.00 D for 92.2% of the 51 eyes. The study included one bilateral pIOL removal due to endothelial cell loss, one case of @entity5 , and one case of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: No correlation between @entity1 and @entity2 decrease was found (R(2) = 0.0143); the pIOL provided promising refractive outcomes and acceptable safety in @entity0 with moderate to high @entity3 . FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

title: Angle-supported phakic intraocular lenses for the correction of XXXX : Three-year follow-up.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pain assessment of individuals with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is largely unexplored. The core deficits of @entity1 may interfere with this population's ability to effectively use traditional @entity2 assessment tools. Accurate @entity2 assessment is essential to providing quality care. The objective was to illuminate barriers to @entity2 assessment in @entity0 with an @entity1 , describe novel methods to communicate about their @entity2 experience, and identify vocabularies that hold meaning with respect to @entity2 to better understand @entity2 from their context. METHODS: Qualitative descriptive study using semistructured interviews including interactive electronic technology to enhance communication. Subjects included @entity0 aged 6 to 17 years with @entity1 experiencing @entity3 after a surgical procedure at a large urban tertiary @entity0 's hospital. RESULTS: Based on the analysis of 40 interviews, @entity0 consisted of 34 (85%) male, 29 (72.5%) non-Hispanic white with mean age 11.75    3.36 years (range: 6-17). All subjects were able to describe and locate their @entity2 but required a variety of approaches. Assessment preferences included minimal time spent focusing on @entity2 and simplistic language and actions using terms familiar to each subject. Notably, subjects were able to reliably demonstrate understanding of graded response and seriation. Parent involvement was essential, both in helping interpret the @entity0 's needs and providing trusted support. CONCLUSIONS: Some @entity0 with @entity1 require an alternate interactive approach to @entity2 assessment. Individualized consideration and estimation of @entity2 assessment methods for use in this population may provide more meaningful interactions, ultimately guiding better @entity2 management interventions.

title: Pain Assessment of @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Pain assessment of individuals with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is largely unexplored. The core deficits of @entity1 may interfere with this population's ability to effectively use traditional @entity2 assessment tools. Accurate @entity2 assessment is essential to providing quality care. The objective was to illuminate barriers to @entity2 assessment in @entity0 with an @entity1 , describe novel methods to communicate about their @entity2 experience, and identify vocabularies that hold meaning with respect to @entity2 to better understand @entity2 from their context. METHODS: Qualitative descriptive study using semistructured interviews including interactive electronic technology to enhance communication. Subjects included @entity0 aged 6 to 17 years with @entity1 experiencing @entity3 after a surgical procedure at a large urban tertiary @entity0 's hospital. RESULTS: Based on the analysis of 40 interviews, @entity0 consisted of 34 (85%) male, 29 (72.5%) non-Hispanic white with mean age 11.75    3.36 years (range: 6-17). All subjects were able to describe and locate their @entity2 but required a variety of approaches. Assessment preferences included minimal time spent focusing on @entity2 and simplistic language and actions using terms familiar to each subject. Notably, subjects were able to reliably demonstrate understanding of graded response and seriation. Parent involvement was essential, both in helping interpret the @entity0 's needs and providing trusted support. CONCLUSIONS: Some @entity0 with @entity1 require an alternate interactive approach to @entity2 assessment. Individualized consideration and estimation of @entity2 assessment methods for use in this population may provide more meaningful interactions, ultimately guiding better @entity2 management interventions.

title: Pain Assessment of XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies revealed that among @entity0 with normal and high body mass index (BMI), @entity3 contribute to the increased risk of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). However, studies investigating the metabolic features and its association with @entity2 are limited. METHODS: A national representative sample of adult population in China was used. Underweight was defined as BMI <18.5kg/m(2). @entity0 who had less than 2 criteria of @entity3 were classified as metabolically healthy; those who had 2 or more criteria of @entity3 were classified as metabolically abnormal. Presence of @entity2 and @entity4 were compared among groups stratified by BMI and metabolic status. RESULTS: Among 46308 @entity0 , 2267 (4.6%) were classified as underweight; and 372 (16.4%) of them were identified as metabolically abnormal. Metabolic features were comparable between underweight but metabolically abnormal @entity0 and @entity1 @entity0 . Compared with @entity0 with normal weight and normal metabolic features, the underweight but metabolically abnormal @entity0 were more likely to have @entity2 and @entity4 , with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.33 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34-4.05) and 2.56 (95% CI 1.86-3.52), respectively. Among underweight @entity0 , factors associated with metabolic abnormal phenotype included leisure time physical inactivity, mild occupational physical activity, and waist circumference. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolically abnormal phenotype is not rare among underweight population in China, and preventive strategy against @entity2 should also be considered in that population.

title: Underweight but metabolically abnormal phenotype: Metabolic features and its association with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is a major cause of direct maternal mortality in Australia and New Zealand. There has been no national population study of @entity5 in either country. The aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of @entity5 in Australia and New Zealand and to describe risk factors, management, and perinatal outcomes. METHODS: A population-based descriptive study using the Australasian Maternity Outcomes Surveillance System (AMOSS) carried out in 263 eligible sites (>50 births per year) covering an estimated 96  % of @entity0 giving birth in Australia and all 24 New Zealand maternity units (100  % of @entity0 giving birth in hospitals) between January 1 2010-December 31 2011. A case of @entity5 was defined either as a clinical diagnosis (acute @entity2 or @entity4 , acute @entity1 and @entity3 in the absence of any other potential explanation for the symptoms and signs observed) or as a post mortem diagnosis (presence of fetal squames/debris in the pulmonary circulation). RESULTS: Thirty-three cases of @entity5 were reported from an estimated cohort of 613,731 @entity0 giving birth, with an estimated incidence of 5.4 cases per 100   000 @entity0 giving birth (95  % CI 3.5 to 7.2 per 100   000). Two (6  %) events occurred at home whilst 46  % (n   =   15) occurred in the birth suite and 46  % (n   =   15) in the operating theatre (location not reported in one case). Fourteen @entity0 (42  %) underwent either an induction or augmentation of labour and 22 (67  %) underwent a caesarean section. Eight @entity0 (24  %) conceived using assisted reproduction technology. Thirteen (42  %) @entity0 required cardiopulmonary resuscitation, 18  % (n   =   6) had a hysterectomy and 85  % (n   =   28) received a transfusion of blood or blood products. Twenty (61  %) were admitted to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU), eight (24  %) were admitted to a High Dependency Unit (HDU) and seven (21  %) were transferred to another hospital for further management. Five @entity0 died (case fatality rate 15  %) giving an estimated maternal mortality rate due to @entity5 of 0.8 per 100   000 @entity0 giving birth (95  % CI 0.1  % to 1.5  %). There were two deaths among 36 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: A coordinated emergency response requiring resource intense multi-disciplinary input is required in the management of @entity0 with @entity5 . Although the case fatality rate is lower than in previously published studies, high rates of hysterectomy, resuscitation, and admission to higher care settings reflect the significant morbidity associated with @entity5 . Active, ongoing surveillance to document the risk factors and short and long-term outcomes of @entity0 and their babies following @entity5 may be helpful to guide best practice, management, counselling and service planning. A potential link between @entity5 and assisted reproductive technology warrants further investigation.

title: XXXX : an Australian-New Zealand population-based study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To report long-term results of Artisan phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) to correct @entity2 and to propose a model predicting endothelial cell loss after pIOL implantation. SETTING: Quinze-Vingts National Ophthalmology Hospital, Paris, France. DESIGN: Retrospective, interventional case series. METHODS: Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), and central endothelial cell count (ECC) were determined before and at yearly intervals up to 5 years after pIOL implantation. Linear model analysis was performed to present a model that describes endothelial cell loss as a linear decrease and an additional decrease depending on postoperative loss. RESULTS: A total of 49 @entity0 (68 eyes) implanted with pIOLs from January 2000 to January 2009 were evaluated. The mean preoperative and final spherical equivalent (SE) were -13    4.10 and -0.75    0.74 diopters (D), respectively. The mean preoperative and final central ECC were 2629    366 and 2250    454 cells/mm(2), respectively. There were no intraoperative complications for any of the eyes. One eye required surgery for repositioning the pIOL, and 1 eye required pIOL exchange for postoperative @entity3 . The model predicted that for @entity0 with preoperative ECC of 3000, 2500, and 2000 cells/mm(2), a critical ECC of 1500 cells/mm(2) will be reached at 39, 28, and 15 years after implantation, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Implantation of the pIOL was an effective and stable procedure after 5 years of follow-up. The presented model predicted @entity1 after pIOL implantation, which can assist ophthalmologists in @entity0 selection and follow-up. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: The authors report no conflict of interest.

title: Iris-fixated phakic intraocular lens implantation to correct XXXX and a predictive model of endothelial cell loss.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of @entity1 dosing (total dose and number of doses) on @entity0 sedation time and likelihood of resedation. METHODS: This was a prospective, observational @entity0 series in an urban district hospital @entity2 with 42 000 attendances per annum. @entity0 undergoing an emergent procedure requiring procedural sedation were included. Titrated intravenous @entity1 was administered according to departmental procedure. Standardized consent and data collection forms were used. Time taken for the @entity0 to become conversational after first administration was recorded and any resedation documented. RESULTS: Four hundred @entity0 , undergoing 404 procedures, were enrolled for the period commencing August 2004 until March 2006. The mean initial @entity1 bolus was 0.8 mg/kg (SD 0.6), and mean total @entity1 dose was 1.8 mg/kg (SD 1.0), comprising a mean of 2.3 (SD 2.1) doses of 15.8 mg (SD 11.4). Mean sedation time was 11.8 min (SD 6.9), and increased sedation times were associated with higher total @entity1 dose and number of boluses (P < 0.0001). Resedation occurred in two @entity0 (0.5%, 95% CI 0-1.6%). CONCLUSION: Shorter sedation times are seen with lower doses of @entity1 . @entity0 do not need prolonged post-procedure monitoring because the occurrence of spontaneous resedation associated with @entity1 use is a rare event. This has implications for @entity0 flow and staff resource allocation in a busy @entity2 .

title: Optimization of XXXX dose shortens procedural sedation time, prevents resedation and removes the requirement for post-procedure physiologic monitoring.

answer: @entity1