abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of advanced @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was recently improved with the approval of @entity9 and @entity10 . However, there is still a need to explore sequential therapy with more than one @entity8 kinase inhibitor (TKI) and to explore alternative therapies when @entity9 and @entity10 are not available. This study reports the authors' experience with @entity7 as a treatment for advanced @entity4 . METHODS: This is a retrospective longitudinal study of 13 @entity0 with progressive metastatic @entity4 treated with @entity7 400   mg twice daily between December 2011 and January 2015. The primary endpoints were to evaluate response and progression-free survival (PFS) in @entity0 treated with @entity7 outside a clinical trial. The secondary endpoint was an assessment of the @entity3 profile. One @entity0 was excluded because of a serious @entity1 rash one week after starting @entity7 . RESULTS: The analysis included 12 @entity0 with metastatic @entity4 (median age 48 years), 10 with sporadic and 2 with @entity2 . The median duration of treatment was 11 months, and the median follow-up was 15.5 months. At data cutoff, 2/12 (16%) @entity0 were still on treatment for 16 and 34 months. According to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors analysis, 10 (83.3%) @entity0 showed stable disease, and two (16.6%) had progression of disease; no partial response was observed. The median PFS was nine months. However, three @entity0 with extensive and rapidly progressive disease died within three months of @entity7 treatment. The median PFS excluding these three @entity0 was 12 months. Adverse events (AE) occurred in nine (75%) @entity0 . The main AEs were @entity3 , @entity5 , and @entity6 . Five (41.6%) @entity0 needed dose reduction, and one @entity0 discontinued treatment because of @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity7 in progressive metastatic @entity4 is well tolerated and resulted in disease control and durable clinical benefit in 75% of @entity0 . @entity7 treatment could be considered when @entity9 and @entity10 are not available or after failing these drugs.

title: XXXX for the Treatment of Progressive Metastatic Medullary Thyroid Cancer: Efficacy and Safety Analysis.

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the application of the medial sural artery perforator flap (MSAPF) aided by preoperative ultrasonic perforator localization for postsurgical @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: From November 2013 to August 2014, 25 @entity0 with @entity3 underwent postsurgical reconstruction after @entity3 resection using MSAPFs. To explore and locate the perforators, preoperative vascular ultrasound localization was used to find the MSAPs. The number and location of the perforators, length of the vascular pedicle, and thickness of the MSAPF were measured. Thirty-eight @entity0 who underwent reconstruction with a @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and 21 @entity0 who underwent reconstruction with an anterolateral thigh flap (ALTF) were selected for comparison. RESULTS: The number of MSAPs ranged from 1 to 4, and 52 perforators were found accurately using preoperative ultrasonic localization (92.86%). The distance from the perforator to the popliteal crease ranged from 6.2 to 17.1  cm (10.70    2.31  cm); the distance from the perforator to the midline of the back of the @entity2 ranged from 0.1 to 3.5  cm (1.83    0.81  cm); and the pedicle length ranged from 6.8 to 12.5  cm (10.14    1.51  cm). Compared with the @entity4 , and ALTF, the thickness, @entity1 , and function of the MSAPF were similar to those of the @entity4 but better than those of the ALTF. In appearance and function of the donor site, the MSAPF was similar to the ALTF, but better than the @entity4 . CONCLUSION: The MSAPF is a good alternative for postsurgical @entity3 because of its anatomic structural stability, suitable thickness, minimal donor-site scar, and ideal functional recovery after surgery. Preoperative vascular ultrasonic localization is a feasible and advantageous method for preoperative mapping of the MSAP because of its high accuracy.

title: Medial Sural Artery Perforator Flap Aided by Ultrasonic Perforator Localization for Reconstruction After XXXX Resection.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For adults with Philadelphia chromosome negative (Ph-) @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in first complete remission ( @entity5 ), allogeneic @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is an established curative strategy. However, pediatric-inspired chemotherapy may also offer durable @entity3 free survival in the absence of @entity1 . We compared 422 @entity1 recipients aged 18-50 years with Ph- @entity2 in @entity5 reported to the CIBMTR with an age-matched concurrent cohort of 108 @entity2 @entity5 @entity0 who received a Dana-Farber Consortium pediatric-inspired non- @entity1 regimen. At four years follow-up, incidence of relapse after @entity1 was 24% [95% C.I. 19-28] vs. 23% [95% C.I. 15-32] for the non- @entity1 ("chemo") cohort (p=0.97). Treatment-related mortality (TRM) was higher in the @entity1 cohort ( @entity1 37% [95% C.I. 31-42] vs. chemo 6% [95% C.I. 3 - 12], p<0.0001). DFS in the @entity1 cohort was 40% [95% C.I. 35-45] vs. 71% [95% C.I. 60-79] for chemo, p<0.0001. Similarly, @entity4 favored chemo ( @entity1 45% [95% C.I. 40-50]) vs. chemo 73% [95% C.I. 63-81], p<0.0001). In multivariable analysis, the sole factor predictive of shorter @entity4 was the administration of @entity1 (HR 3.12 [1.99 - 4.90], p<0.0001). For younger adults with @entity2 , pediatric-inspired chemotherapy had lower TRM, no increase in relapse, and superior overall survival compared to @entity1 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Pediatric-inspired Therapy compared to Allografting for Philadelphia Chromosome Negative XXXX in First Complete Remission.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 is a @entity2 that represents <1% of all @entity2 . The submucosal location of laryngeal adenoid @entity3 (LACC) results in delayed presentation. Here, we present the first systematic review of reported cases of LACC to determine trends in presentation, diagnostic and treatment modalities, and @entity0 outcome. DATA SOURCES: PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases. METHODS: A search of the above databases was done to identify articles reporting cases of LACC. The variables included in the analysis were @entity0 demographics, presenting symptoms, @entity2 location, imaging, treatment, follow-up time, recurrence, and outcome. RESULTS: A total of 50 articles and 120 cases were included in the review. The most common presenting symptom was @entity4 (48.8%), followed by hoarseness (43.9%). LACC arose most frequently from the subglottis (56.7%). At presentation, 14.6% (13 of 89) of @entity0 had regional disease. The average follow-up time was 54.0 months. At follow-up, distant @entity1 was reported in 30 cases (33.3%). Surgery alone (43.3%) and surgery with radiotherapy (43.3%) were used most frequently and resulted in 57.1% and 55.3% of @entity0 alive with no evidence disease at follow-up, respectively. CONCLUSION: LACC was most often located in the subglottis. @entity0 commonly presented with @entity4 and hoarseness. In this systematic review, surgery with radiotherapy and surgery alone were the most commonly employed treatment modalities, and both resulted in slightly more than 50% of @entity0 alive with no evidence of disease at follow-up.

title: XXXX : A Systematic Review.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The optimal timing of cord clamping (CC) in nonbreathing neonates needing stabilisation/resuscitation remains unclear. The objective was to describe the relationship between time to CC, initiation of @entity2 or positive pressure ventilation ( @entity3 ) after stimulation/suction and 24-hour neonatal mortality/morbidity. DESIGN: Observational study. SETTING: A rural Tanzanian referral hospital. POPULATION: Depressed nonbreathing newborns. METHODS: Trained research assistants have observed every delivery (November 2009 through January 2014) using stop-watches and recorded data including fetal heart rate; time intervals from birth to CC and start of @entity2 or @entity3 and perinatal characteristics. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Twenty-four-hour neonatal outcome (dead, admitted, normal). RESULTS: There were 19 863 liveborn @entity0 ; 16 770 (84.4%) initiated spontaneous respirations, 3093 (15.6%) received stimulation/suctioning to initiate @entity2 . However, 1269 (41.0%) neonates failed to breath and received @entity3 at 98    66 seconds and CC at 39    35 seconds after birth. Adverse outcomes in neonates receiving @entity3 included 126 (9.9%) deaths and 100 (7.8%) neonatal admissions. In 1146/1269 (90%) neonates, CC occurred before @entity3 and was associated with 209 (18%) deaths/admissions. In 98 (8%) neonates, CC followed initiation of @entity3 with 14 (14%) deaths/admissions (P = 0.328). By logistic modelling, initiation of @entity3 before versus after CC was not associated with @entity1 /admission when adjusted for time to @entity3 . The risk for @entity1 /admission increased by 12% for every 30-second delay in @entity3 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This observational study failed to demonstrate any relationship between time to CC and onset of @entity2 or initiation of @entity3 following stimulation/suction, and 24-hour outcome. Delay in initiation of @entity3 was significantly associated with @entity1 /admission. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: No relationship between time to cord clamp, @entity2 or ventilation and 24-hour deaths in depressed neonates.

title: Timing of cord clamping in relation to start of XXXX or ventilation among depressed neonates-an observational study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Fifteen balloon pulmonary valvuloplasties (BPVs) were performed on 13 @entity0 and @entity0 with isolated @entity2 ( @entity2 ). There were no complications. Two @entity0 required repeat @entity3 , one for failure, the other for @entity1 . At the time of the 13 latest BPVs, age ranged from three days to 13.1 years (mean 5.7 +/- SD 4.8 years). Average Doppler pulmonary valve pressure gradient preceding BVP was 75 +/- 22 mm Hg. At follow-up it was 25 +/- 9 mm Hg (p < .0001). Follow-up interval was 0.61 to 4.70 years (2.29 +/- 1.18). @entity1 occurred in 1/13 (8%) of the @entity0 . The remaining 12/13 (92%) showed highly satisfactory sustained gradient reductions. Doppler gradients preceding @entity3 by as much as 4 months correlated highly with catheter gradients at time of @entity3 , confirming that Doppler echocardiography is a highly accurate indication of @entity2 severity. Catheterization for @entity2 should therefore not be used for diagnostic purposes alone. @entity3 can be performed safely, economically and effectively and is recommended as the treatment of choice for @entity0 and @entity0 with moderate to severe isolated @entity2 . For very young @entity0 , follow-up Doppler surveillance should be done semi-annually; for all others, annually.

title: Balloon pulmonary valvuloplasty for isolated XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Recent concern about the safety of combined @entity7 ( @entity6 ) with third-generation progestagens prompted an examination of data from a population-based case-control study (Leiden @entity1 Study). We compared the risk of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) during use of the newest @entity6 , containing a third-generation progestagen, with the risk of "older" products. We also investigated the influence of family history of @entity2 , previous pregnancy, age, and the thrombogenic @entity5 mutation. We selected 126 @entity0 with @entity3 and 159 controls aged 15-49 (mean age 34.9) and premenopausal and found, as compared with non-users, the highest age-adjusted relative risks to be that for an OC containing @entity8 and 30 micrograms @entity4 (relative risk [RR] 8.7, 95% CI 3.9-19.3). We found lower relative risks for all other types of OC, ranging from 2.2 to 3.8. In a direct comparison, users of the @entity8 -containing oral contraceptive had a 2.5-fold higher risk (95% CI 1.2-5.2) than users of all other OC types combined. The relative risk for the @entity8 -containing OC was similar among @entity0 with and without a family history--ie, preferential prescription because of family history cannot explain our findings. Nor could the excess risk be explained by previous pregnancy, and it was highest in the youngest age categories, where we would expect most new users. The age-adjusted RR for the @entity8 -containing contraceptive was 9.2 (3.9-21.4) among non-carriers of the @entity5 mutation and 6.0 (1.9-19.0) among carriers of the mutation. This latter risk is superimposed on the 8-fold increased risk of @entity1 for carriers of the @entity5 mutation. The risk of carriers using the @entity8 -containing OC as compared with noncarrier non-users will therefore be increased almost 50-fold. Use of low-dose @entity6 with a third-generation progestagen carries a higher risk of @entity3 than the previous generation of @entity6 . The absolute risk of @entity3 associated with these @entity6 seems to be especially high among carriers of the @entity5 mutation and among @entity0 with a family history of @entity2 . However, the higher risk associated with OC with a third-generation progestagen compared with previous generations was also present in @entity0 without @entity5 and with no family history.

title: Enhancement by XXXX mutation of risk of @entity3 associated with oral contraceptives containing a third-generation progestagen.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Recent concern about the safety of combined @entity7 ( @entity6 ) with third-generation progestagens prompted an examination of data from a population-based case-control study (Leiden @entity1 Study). We compared the risk of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) during use of the newest @entity6 , containing a third-generation progestagen, with the risk of "older" products. We also investigated the influence of family history of @entity2 , previous pregnancy, age, and the thrombogenic @entity5 mutation. We selected 126 @entity0 with @entity3 and 159 controls aged 15-49 (mean age 34.9) and premenopausal and found, as compared with non-users, the highest age-adjusted relative risks to be that for an OC containing @entity8 and 30 micrograms @entity4 (relative risk [RR] 8.7, 95% CI 3.9-19.3). We found lower relative risks for all other types of OC, ranging from 2.2 to 3.8. In a direct comparison, users of the @entity8 -containing oral contraceptive had a 2.5-fold higher risk (95% CI 1.2-5.2) than users of all other OC types combined. The relative risk for the @entity8 -containing OC was similar among @entity0 with and without a family history--ie, preferential prescription because of family history cannot explain our findings. Nor could the excess risk be explained by previous pregnancy, and it was highest in the youngest age categories, where we would expect most new users. The age-adjusted RR for the @entity8 -containing contraceptive was 9.2 (3.9-21.4) among non-carriers of the @entity5 mutation and 6.0 (1.9-19.0) among carriers of the mutation. This latter risk is superimposed on the 8-fold increased risk of @entity1 for carriers of the @entity5 mutation. The risk of carriers using the @entity8 -containing OC as compared with noncarrier non-users will therefore be increased almost 50-fold. Use of low-dose @entity6 with a third-generation progestagen carries a higher risk of @entity3 than the previous generation of @entity6 . The absolute risk of @entity3 associated with these @entity6 seems to be especially high among carriers of the @entity5 mutation and among @entity0 with a family history of @entity2 . However, the higher risk associated with OC with a third-generation progestagen compared with previous generations was also present in @entity0 without @entity5 and with no family history.

title: Enhancement by @entity5 mutation of risk of XXXX associated with oral contraceptives containing a third-generation progestagen.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In Pierre Robin sequence, a retracted tongue due to @entity4 is thought to physically obstruct palatal shelf elevation and thereby cause @entity3 . However, @entity4 is not always associated with palatal clefting. Here, by using the @entity6 -null @entity0 model presenting with @entity3 and severe @entity4 , we provide the first causative mechanism linking the two. In wild-type embryos, the genioglossus muscle, which mediates tongue protrusion, originates from the rostral process of Meckel's cartilage and later from the mandibular symphysis, with 2 tendons positive for Scleraxis messenger RNA. In E13.5 @entity6 -null embryos, a rostral process failed to form, and a mandibular symphysis was absent at E17.5. Consequently, the genioglossus muscle fibers were diverted toward the lingual surface of Meckel's cartilage and mandibles, where they attached in an aponeurosis that ectopically expressed Scleraxis. The deflection of genioglossus fibers from the anterior-posterior toward the medial-lateral axis alters their direction of contraction and necessarily compromises tongue protrusion. Since this @entity1 precedes palatal shelf elevation, it is likely to contribute to clefting. In contrast, embryos with a cranial mesenchyme-specific deletion of @entity6 ( @entity6 : @entity5 -Cre) exhibited some degree of @entity4 but no @entity3 . In these embryos, a rostral process was present, indicating that mesenchyme-derived @entity6 is dispensable for its formation. Moreover, the genioglossus appeared normal in @entity6 : @entity5 -Cre embryos, further supporting a role of aberrant tongue muscle attachment in palatal clefting. We thus propose that in Pierre Robin sequence, palatal shelf elevation is not impaired simply by physical obstruction by the tongue but by a specific @entity2 that leads to functional changes in tongue movements.

title: Dislocated Tongue Muscle Attachment and XXXX Formation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In this study, we evaluated and compared the performance of transmission and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared (IR) spectroscopic methods (in combination with quantification algorithms previously developed using partial least squares regression) for the rapid measurement of bovine serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration, and detection of failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI) in dairy calves. Serum samples (n = 200) were collected from Holstein @entity0 1-11 days of age. Serum IgG concentrations were measured by the reference method of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) assay, transmission IR (TIR) and ATR-IR spectroscopy-based assays. The mean IgG concentration measured by @entity1 was 17.22 g/L (SD   9.60). The mean IgG concentrations predicted by TIR and ATR-IR spectroscopy methods were 15.60 g/L (SD   8.15) and 15.94 g/L (SD   8.66), respectively. @entity1 IgG concentrations were positively correlated with IgG levels predicted by TIR (r = 0.94) and ATR-IR (r = 0.92). The correlation between 2 IR spectroscopic methods was 0.94. Using an IgG concentration <10 g/L as the cut-point for FTPI cases, the overall agreement between TIR and ATR-IR methods was 94%, with a corresponding kappa value of 0.84. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy for identifying FTPI by TIR were 0.87, 0.97, 0.91, 0.95, and 0.94, respectively. Corresponding values for ATR-IR were 0.87, 0.95, 0.86, 0.95, and 0.93, respectively. Both TIR and ATR-IR spectroscopic approaches can be used for rapid quantification of IgG level in neonatal bovine serum and for diagnosis of FTPI in dairy @entity0 .

title: Quantification of XXXX immunoglobulin G using transmission and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of using a flattening filter-free (FFF) beam with an endorectal balloon for stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) of clinically localized @entity1 . We assessed plans of SABR with volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) that used a flattening filter (FF) beam and an FFF beam and compared the verification results of dosimetric quality assurance for all pretreatment plans. A total of 20 @entity0 with @entity1 were enrolled in the study. SABR plans using VMAT with two full arcs were optimized in the Eclipse treatment planning system. All plans prescribed 42.7 Gy in 7 fractions of 6.1 Gy each. Four SABR plans were computed for each @entity0 : two with FF beams and two with FFF beams of 6 and 10 MV. For all plans, the cumulative dose-volume histograms (DVHs) for the target volumes and organs at risk (OARs) were recorded and compared. Pretreatment quality assurance (QA) was performed using the I'mRT MatriXX system and radiochromic EBT3 film to verify treatment delivery, and gamma analysis was used to quantify the agreement between calculations and measurements. In addition, total monitor units (MUs) and delivery time were investigated as technical parameters of delivery. All four plans achieved adequate dose conformity to the target volumes and had comparable dosimetric data. The DVHs of all four plans for each @entity0 were very similar. All plans were highly conformal with CI < 1.05 and CN > 0.90, and the doses were homogeneous (HI = 0.08-0.15). Sparing for the bladder and rectum was slightly better with the 10 MV FF and FFF plans than with the 6 MV FF and FFF plans, but the difference was negligible. However, there was no significant difference in sparing for the other OARs. The mean agreement with the 3%/3 mm criterion was higher than 97% for verifying all plans. For the 2%/2 mm criterion, the corresponding agreement values were more than 90%, which showed that the plans were acceptable. The mean MUs and delivery time used were 1701    101 and 3.02   0.17 min for 6 MV FF, 1870    116 and 2.01    0.01 min for 6 MV FFF, 1471   86 and 2.68    0.14 min for 10 MV FF, and 1619    101 and 2.00    0.00 min for 10MV FFF, respectively. In the current study, the dose distributions of the prostate SABR plans using 6 and 10 MV FFF beams were similar to those using 6 and 10 MV FF beams. However, this study confirmed that SABR treatment using an FFF beam had an advantage with respect to delivery time. In addition, all pretreatment plans were verified as acceptable and their results were comparable. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that the use of an FFF beam for prostate SABR is a feasible and efficient technique, if carefully applied.

title: Comparison of VMAT-SABR treatment plans with flattening filter (FF) and flattening filter-free (FFF) beam for localized XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Conflict persists regarding whether the presence of early collateral blood flow to the @entity2 has an effective role in reducing @entity2 size and improving myocardial salvage in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We sought to investigate the impact of the collateral circulation on myocardial salvage and @entity2 size in @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: In 306 @entity0 who were diagnosed with @entity1 and underwent cardiac magnetic resonance within 1 week after revascularization, initial collateral flow to the @entity2 was assessed by coronary angiography. Using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, @entity1 size and salvage were measured. RESULTS: Among 247 @entity0 with preprocedural Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow 0/1, 54 (22%) @entity0 had good collaterals (Rentrop grade >= 2, Collateral Connection Score >= 2). @entity2 size and area at risk were significantly smaller in @entity0 with good collaterals than those with poor collaterals ( @entity2 size: 17.1  10.1 %LV vs 21.8  10.5 %LV, P = .003, area at risk: 33.8  16.8 %LV vs 38.8  15.5 %LV, P = .039). There was a significant difference of myocardial salvage index between 2 groups (50.9%    15.0% vs 43.8%    18.5%, P = .005). Poor collateralization was an independent predictor for large @entity2 size (odd ratio 2.48 [1.28-4.80], P = .007). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity1 , the presence of well-developed collaterals to occluded coronary artery from the noninfarct vessel and its extent were independently associated with reduced @entity2 burden and improved myocardial salvage. Our results help explain why MI @entity0 with well-developed collateralization have reduced mortality and morbidity.

title: A protective role of early collateral blood flow in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Conflict persists regarding whether the presence of early collateral blood flow to the @entity2 has an effective role in reducing @entity2 size and improving myocardial salvage in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). We sought to investigate the impact of the collateral circulation on myocardial salvage and @entity2 size in @entity1 @entity0 . METHODS: In 306 @entity0 who were diagnosed with @entity1 and underwent cardiac magnetic resonance within 1 week after revascularization, initial collateral flow to the @entity2 was assessed by coronary angiography. Using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, @entity1 size and salvage were measured. RESULTS: Among 247 @entity0 with preprocedural Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow 0/1, 54 (22%) @entity0 had good collaterals (Rentrop grade >= 2, Collateral Connection Score >= 2). @entity2 size and area at risk were significantly smaller in @entity0 with good collaterals than those with poor collaterals ( @entity2 size: 17.1  10.1 %LV vs 21.8  10.5 %LV, P = .003, area at risk: 33.8  16.8 %LV vs 38.8  15.5 %LV, P = .039). There was a significant difference of myocardial salvage index between 2 groups (50.9%    15.0% vs 43.8%    18.5%, P = .005). Poor collateralization was an independent predictor for large @entity2 size (odd ratio 2.48 [1.28-4.80], P = .007). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity1 , the presence of well-developed collaterals to occluded coronary artery from the noninfarct vessel and its extent were independently associated with reduced @entity2 burden and improved myocardial salvage. Our results help explain why MI @entity0 with well-developed collateralization have reduced mortality and morbidity.

title: A protective role of early collateral blood flow in XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Viable and killed BCG were compared for the ability to induce @entity0 (NO) production in normal spleen cells and peritoneal exudate macrophages. Stimulation of spleen cells with viable BCG resulted in a strong expression of inducible NO synthase followed by an enhanced production of @entity1 . However, those responses were not induced after stimulation with killed BCG or when macrophages were stimulated with killed and viable BCG. The same level of TNF-alpha mRNA expression was observed in reverse transcription-PCR after stimulation of spleen cells with viable and killed BCG. However, @entity2 production was induced only when spleen cells were stimulated with viable BCG. Concurrent stimulation of @entity2 with either viable or killed BCG resulted in a strong @entity1 production by macrophages. Neutralization of @entity2 and TNF-alpha caused a complete inhibition of @entity1 production. Furthermore, anti-asialo GM1 Ab plus complement treatment abolished @entity2 production after stimulation with viable BCG, indicating that the NK cell was the major source of @entity2 , and its production was triggered only by stimulation with viable BCG. The present study showed that the ability of viable BCG to induce NO production is superior to that of killed BCG, and both @entity2 and TNF-alpha are essential for BCG-induced NO production by spleen cells. NK cells appeared to be important as a source of @entity2 , and the insufficient NO induction by killed BCG was due to the inability to induce @entity2 from NK cells.

title: Involvement of natural killer cells in XXXX production by spleen cells after stimulation with Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Study of the mechanism of the different abilities of viable and killed BCG.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Previous studies demonstrated that both @entity9 ( @entity9 ) and @entity3 (AA) are required for IgG-mediated phagocytosis by @entity0 monocytes. We have characterized a @entity1 -independent "phagocytic" @entity6 (designated pPL) that mediates @entity3 release. The present studies were designed to order @entity9 and pPL in the phagocytic signaling pathway. The @entity9 inhibitors @entity2 and @entity10 caused a coordinated decrease in phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized erythrocytes and @entity3 release. The @entity8 activators mastoparan and @entity5 restored phagocytosis to @entity9 -inhibited cells, but were ineffective in monocytes pretreated with the pPL inhibitor @entity12 . Similarly, @entity9 activation with @entity7 and @entity4 enhanced phagocytosis in the absence, but not in the presence, of @entity12 . These results indicate that pPL may be regulated by an upstream phosphorylation event. Thus, we examined the effects of Ab-opsonized glass bead ingestion, @entity11 -mediated inhibition of phosphatases, and @entity7 treatment on the activity of pPL and on its distribution between the cytosolic and membrane-associated compartments. IgG-opsonized erythrocytes and okadaic acid caused an overall increase in pPL activity, with a twofold increase in membrane-associated pPL. @entity7 treatment caused a 1.8-fold increase in membrane-associated pPL activity. @entity11 and @entity7 mimic IgG-opsonized erythrocytes with respect to membrane activation of pPL, suggesting that pPL activity may be regulated by @entity9 . Collectively, these results indicate that pPL activity is modulated by @entity9 during IgG-mediated phagocytosis, and that the @entity9 requirement can be bypassed by direct activation of pPL.

title: Protein kinase C activation precedes XXXX release during IgG-mediated phagocytosis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The acutely @entity1 @entity0 may present with a broad spectrum of dysfunction. Given the wide variety of signs and symptoms, clinical settings, pathophysiological mechanisms, and type of end organ dysfunction, there is no ideal antihypertensive agent. In selecting an agent for treating such @entity0 , the physician must consider efficacy in a variety of settings, rapidity of onset of action, duration of action, and ease of administration. In addition, one should keep in mind the risk of producing @entity3 , the contraindication profile, the side-effect profile, and the cost and long-term usefulness of the agent. In this review, the @entity2 channel blockers @entity7 and @entity4 are compared with drugs such as @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity8 , @entity10 , and @entity5 . @entity7 , by intravenous administration, has a rapid onset of action, a reasonable duration of effect, a good side-effect profile, and appears to be useful on a long-term basis. @entity4 , by oral or buccal administration, is useful in a variety of settings and had a rapid onset of action and reasonable duration of effect. In addition, @entity4 rarely causes @entity3 , has minimal contraindications, an excellent side-effect profile, reasonable cost, and long-term utility. There is now extensive worldwide experience with @entity7 and @entity4 in acute @entity1 . They compare favorably with currently used agents.

title: @entity2 -channel blockers in acute XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The acutely @entity1 @entity0 may present with a broad spectrum of dysfunction. Given the wide variety of signs and symptoms, clinical settings, pathophysiological mechanisms, and type of end organ dysfunction, there is no ideal antihypertensive agent. In selecting an agent for treating such @entity0 , the physician must consider efficacy in a variety of settings, rapidity of onset of action, duration of action, and ease of administration. In addition, one should keep in mind the risk of producing @entity3 , the contraindication profile, the side-effect profile, and the cost and long-term usefulness of the agent. In this review, the @entity2 channel blockers @entity7 and @entity4 are compared with drugs such as @entity6 , @entity9 , @entity8 , @entity10 , and @entity5 . @entity7 , by intravenous administration, has a rapid onset of action, a reasonable duration of effect, a good side-effect profile, and appears to be useful on a long-term basis. @entity4 , by oral or buccal administration, is useful in a variety of settings and had a rapid onset of action and reasonable duration of effect. In addition, @entity4 rarely causes @entity3 , has minimal contraindications, an excellent side-effect profile, reasonable cost, and long-term utility. There is now extensive worldwide experience with @entity7 and @entity4 in acute @entity1 . They compare favorably with currently used agents.

title: XXXX -channel blockers in acute @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The disability adjusted life year (DALY) is a composite measure of disease burden that includes both morbidity and mortality, and is relevant to conditions such as @entity1 that can limit productive functioning. The 2010 Global @entity0 (GBD) study introduced a number of new methods and definitions, including a prevalence-based approach and revised disability weights to calculate morbidity and new standard life expectancies to calculate premature mortality. We used these approaches, and local, population-based data, to estimate the burden of @entity2 in @entity3 . METHODS _ FINDINGS: Comprehensive prevalence, incidence and mortality data on @entity2 were collected within the Agincourt sub-district in rural northeastern South Africa between 2008 and 2012. We estimated DALYs using both prevalence- and incidence-based approaches for calculating years of life lived with disability. Additionally, we explored how changing the disease model by varying the disability weights influenced DALY estimates. Using the prevalence-based approach, @entity2 in Agincourt resulted in 332 DALYs (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 216-455) and 4.1 DALYs per 1,000 individuals (95%UI: 2.7-5.7) annually. Of this, 26% was due to morbidity while 74% was due to premature mortality. DALYs increased by 10% when using the incidence-based method. Varying the disability weight from 0.072 (treated @entity1 , @entity2 free) to 0.657 (severe @entity1 ) caused years lived with disability to increase from 18 (95%UI: 16-19) to 161 (95%UI: 143-170). CONCLUSIONS: DALY estimates are influenced by both the methods applied and population parameters used in the calculation. Irrespective of method, a significant burden of @entity1 is due to premature mortality in @entity3 , with a lower burden than rural Kenya. Researchers and national policymakers should carefully interrogate the methods and data used to calculate DALYs as this will influence policy priorities and resource allocation.

title: Differing Methods and Definitions Influence DALY estimates: Using Population-Based Data to Calculate the Burden of XXXX in Rural South Africa.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Thirty @entity0 with @entity3 which occurred during sport were investigated to identify the type of sport, prodromata, situations at the onset of disease, habit of exercise, preceding medical evaluation, coronary risk factors, and coronary angiographic findings. @entity5 occurred during golf in 12 @entity0 , bowling in 4, gateball in 4, jogging or running in 5, baseball in 2, and tennis or table tennis in 3. The majority of the @entity0 were playing ball games. Twenty-seven @entity0 were @entity0 (90%) and 3 were @entity0 (10%). All @entity0 had played the same kind of sport for several years. Twenty-four @entity0 had one or more coronary risk factors, and especially 18 @entity0 smoked cigarettes. Nine @entity0 had experienced anterior @entity4 but only two @entity0 had received medical evaluation. Coronary angiography was performed in 25 @entity0 (83.3%), revealing @entity1 in 6, three-vessel disease in 4, and disease of all left main coronary trunks in 1. The acute episode of @entity5 occurred mainly in spring or fall. Many @entity0 with @entity3 occurring during sport participate in sports of low or moderate dynamic and low static exercises which are generally regarded safe. Many @entity0 had enjoyed their sports regularly for a long time. Though many @entity0 had coronary risk factors, only a few had received a medical check before their @entity2 .

title: [Acute XXXX during sport].

answer: @entity3


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Young @entity0 can learn safety behavior in the public school system. These @entity0 will modify family seat belt use. SETTING DESIGN: This is a prospective cohort analytic study conducted in a 50,000 square mile regionalized trauma center referral area. METHODS: A school-based injury prevention program targeting kindergarten through second-grade ( @entity1 ) students addressed four aspects of traffic safety: seat belt use, pedestrian and bicycle safety, school bus safety, and unsafe rides. After inservice instruction, teachers taught the program over a 10-week period. A simultaneous community traffic safety program was conducted through the media. Family seat belt use was monitored by blinded observation at six study schools and one control school. Income level of schools was characterized as low or high, based on student use of federal lunch subsidies. School program implementation was defined as good or poor, based on adherence to teaching protocol. RESULTS: A total of 68,650 @entity1 students have completed this traffic safety program during 1990 to 1994. During the study year (1992 to 1993), 25,900 students completed the program taught by 1,400 teachers in 95 schools. A total of 5,936 observations of seat belt use were made in seven schools. Income stratification delineated a subset of these schools in which seat belt use increased by 86% (p = 0.01). Half of the schools failed to follow protocol, and no change in seat belt use was observed. CONCLUSIONS: (1) School @entity1 safety education improves family seat belt use, (2) low income schools should be targeted, and (3) strict adherence to the teaching protocol is essential.

title: XXXX 's traffic safety program: influence of early elementary school safety education on family seat belt use.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The homeotic gene Sex combs reduced (Scr) of @entity0 is expressed in the labial and prothoracic segments of the ectoderm, in parasegments two and three of the CNS, and in the visceral mesoderm of the anterior and posterior midgut. The mutationally defined function of Scr is to specify the identity of the labial and prothoracic segments and to control the development of the gastric caeca. The Scr locus occupies a chromosomal region of approximately 80 kb within the Antennapedia complex (ANT-C). To understand how Scr's spatiotemporal expression pattern is generated in the embryo, we have mapped its transcriptional regulatory elements using three approaches. First, we examined the expression pattern of Scr in embryos containing chromosomal rearrangements that remove potential Scr regulatory elements. Second, we made and analyzed a set of Scr minigene transformants. Third, we analyzed a set of Scr-lacZ @entity1 tester constructs. Using more sensitive anti-SCR antisera, we discovered that Scr is expressed in tissues that were not previously thought to accumulate SCR: a stripe of ectodermal cells in the parasegment 2 region of stage 5 embryos, the embryonic salivary glands, and the dorsal ridge. Four DNA fragments that had previously been shown in an analysis of Scr-lacZ reporter constructs to contain putative Scr @entity1 elements were found to have functional enhancers; similarly, another Scr fragment was found to contain a functional repressor. Our results suggest that regulation of Scr in the labial segment and the CNS requires the apparently synergistic action of multiple, widely spaced @entity1 elements. Regulation in the prothorax also appears to be controlled by multiple enhancers:one complete pattern element and one subpattern element. In contrast, Scr regulation in the visceral mesoderm is controlled by an @entity1 (s) located in only one DNA fragment.

title: Genetic analysis of embryonic cis-acting regulatory elements of the XXXX homeotic gene sex combs reduced.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Sixteen cases of @entity2 treated at our Department between July, 1971 and June, 1984, were reviewed. The sixth decade predominated over other age groups and occupied 47.3% of all cases (average: 63.9 years). The sex ratio was 4.3:1 with @entity6 @entity0 predominating over female @entity0 . The incidence of the affected side was equal; 8 cases in the right and 8 cases in the left renal pelvis. The most common initial symptom was macroscopic @entity3 in 13 cases (81.2%), followed by @entity4 in 2 cases (12.5%). The major findings in IVP were filling defect in 11 cases (68.7%) and non-visualizing kidney in 4 cases (25.0%). Positive urinary cytology was obtained in 6 cases (49.1%) by voided urine specimen and 4 cases (50.0%) by catheterized urine specimen. Histologically, all cases were @entity5 ; 11 of them were low stage and 5 were high stage at the initial diagnosis. Nine @entity0 (56.1%) were treated by total nephroureterectomy associated with partial cystectomy. The over all survival rate at 1,2,3,4 and 5 years was 86%, 78%, 78%, 68% and 68%, respectively, by the Kaplan-Meier method. The five year survival rate was 80% for the low stage group and 0% for the high stage group. (p less than 0.05, generalized Wilcoxon test). The five year survival rate was 83% for the low grade group and 40% for the high grade group. (p less than 0.05, Generalized Wilcoxon test) Among several factors, stage and grade of the @entity1 were the most influencing factors for prognosis.

title: [A clinical study on primary XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Social and role functioning are compromised for the majority of individuals at ultra-high risk of @entity4 , and it is important to identify factors that contribute to this functional decline. This study aimed to investigate social cognitive abilities, which have previously been linked to functioning in @entity2 , as potential factors that impact social, role and global functioning in ultra-high risk @entity0 . METHOD: A total of 30 ultra-high risk @entity0 were recruited from an established at-risk clinical service in Melbourne, Australia, and completed a battery of social cognitive, neurocognitive, clinical and functioning measures. We examined the relationships between all four core domains of social cognition (emotion recognition, theory of mind, social perception and attributional style), neurocognitive, clinical and demographic variables with three measures of functioning (the Global Functioning Social and Role scales and the Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale) using correlational and multiple regression analyses. RESULTS: Performance on a visual theory of mind task ( @entity3 ) was significantly correlated with both concurrent role (r   =   0.425, p   =   0.019) and global functioning (r   =   0.540, p   =   0.002). In multivariate analyses, it also accounted for unique variance in global, but not role functioning after adjusting for negative symptoms and stress. Social functioning was not associated with performance on any of the social cognition tasks. CONCLUSION: Among specific social cognitive abilities, only a test of theory of mind was associated with functioning in our ultra-high risk sample. Further longitudinal research is needed to examine the impact of social @entity1 on long-term functional outcome in the ultra-high risk group. Identifying social cognitive abilities that significantly impact functioning is important to inform the development of targeted intervention programmes for ultra-high risk individuals.

title: Examining the association between social cognition and functioning in individuals at ultra-high risk for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: This study examined how changes in wildland firefighters' mood relate to cytokine and @entity5 levels in response to simulated physical firefighting work and sleep restriction. Firefighters completed 3  days of simulated wildfire suppression work separated by an 8-h (control condition; n  =  18) or 4-h sleep opportunity (sleep restriction condition; n  =  17) each night. Firefighters' mood was assessed daily using the Mood Scale II and Samn-Perelli fatigue scale. @entity0 also provided samples for the determination of salivary @entity5 and pro- ( @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity1 ) and anti-inflammatory ( @entity7 , @entity4 ) cytokine levels. An increase in the positive mood dimension Happiness was related to a rise in @entity3 and @entity1 in the sleep restriction condition. A rise in the positive mood dimension Activation among sleep restricted firefighters was also related to higher @entity2 levels. An increase in the negative mood dimension Fatigue in the sleep restriction condition was associated with increased @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity4 and @entity5 levels. In addition, an increase in Fear among sleep restricted firefighters was associated with a rise in @entity1 . Elevated positive mood and immune activation may reflect an appropriate response by the firefighters to these stressors. To further understand this relationship, subsequent firefighting-based research is needed that investigates whether immune changes are a function of affective arousal linked to the expression of positive moods. Positive associations between negative mood and inflammatory and @entity5 levels to physical work and restricted sleep provide useful information to fire agencies about subjective fire-ground indicators of physiological changes.

title: Acute Psychophysiological Relationships Between Mood, Inflammatory and XXXX Changes in Response to Simulated Physical Firefighting Work and Sleep Restriction.

answer: @entity5


abstract: We found that @entity10 ( @entity13 ), a P-site specific adenylate cyclase inhibitor, inhibited the growth of K562 cells and caused them to become @entity12 positive. The continuous exposure of cells to @entity13 was needed to recruit cells for growth inhibition and differentiation. Fetal @entity2 or @entity0 sera were also necessary for @entity13 to induce differentiation. @entity13 at a concentration of 1.5 mM with serum induced 98% of the cells to produce hemoglobin and inhibited their growth to 15% of that of the control. An increase of @entity9 mRNA and a decrease of @entity3 and @entity11 mRNA occurred only during differentiation in the presence of fetal calf serum (FCS). An incubation with @entity13 and interferon-alpha ( @entity6 ) or hemin synergistically induced more benzidine-positive cells than in the presence of @entity13 alone, although @entity6 did not trigger differentiation by itself. The erythroid differentiation and growth inhibition were, however, not related to a decreased intracellular @entity4 ( @entity1 ) concentration induced by @entity13 . The simultaneous incubation with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity13 enhanced the effects of @entity13 . @entity8 , a possible metabolite of @entity13 digestion by purine @entity5 phosphorylase (PNP), also induced erythroid differentiation in K562 cells. However, it did not act synergistically with @entity6 .

title: Erythroid differentiation and growth inhibition of K562 cells by XXXX : synergism with interferon-alpha.

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to identify @entity0 and hospital features associated with early glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy for non-ST-elevation (NSTE) @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and to relate this treatment to in-hospital outcomes. BACKGROUND: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors have improved outcomes in randomized trials of @entity1 , leading national treatment guidelines to recommend their use. Their actual use, safety, and effectiveness have not been well characterized beyond trial populations. METHODS: We studied 60,770 @entity0 with @entity1 treated between July 2000 and July 2001 at 1,189 hospitals in a U.S. registry. Using logistic regression, we identified @entity0 and hospital features associated with @entity2 /IIIa inhibition within 24 h after presentation. We also compared outcomes by early treatment versus no treatment after adjusting for @entity0 and hospital characteristics and treatment propensity. RESULTS: Only 25% of eligible @entity0 received early @entity2 /IIIa therapy. Elderly @entity0 , @entity0 , minority @entity0 , and those without private insurance received such therapy less often than their counterparts. Treated @entity0 had lower unadjusted in-hospital mortality (3.3% vs. 9.6%, p < 0.0001) remaining significantly lower after adjustment for @entity0 risk, treatment propensity, and hospital characteristics (adjusted odds ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.79 to 0.97). Hospitals that adopted early @entity2 /IIIa inhibition more rapidly also had lower adjusted mortality rates than those slower to adopt such therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy appears to be underused in early management of @entity1 @entity0 . Because this therapy is associated with better outcomes, it represents a target for quality improvement.

title: Early use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in non-ST-elevation acute @entity1 : observations from the National Registry of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought to identify @entity0 and hospital features associated with early glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy for non-ST-elevation (NSTE) @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and to relate this treatment to in-hospital outcomes. BACKGROUND: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors have improved outcomes in randomized trials of @entity1 , leading national treatment guidelines to recommend their use. Their actual use, safety, and effectiveness have not been well characterized beyond trial populations. METHODS: We studied 60,770 @entity0 with @entity1 treated between July 2000 and July 2001 at 1,189 hospitals in a U.S. registry. Using logistic regression, we identified @entity0 and hospital features associated with @entity2 /IIIa inhibition within 24 h after presentation. We also compared outcomes by early treatment versus no treatment after adjusting for @entity0 and hospital characteristics and treatment propensity. RESULTS: Only 25% of eligible @entity0 received early @entity2 /IIIa therapy. Elderly @entity0 , @entity0 , minority @entity0 , and those without private insurance received such therapy less often than their counterparts. Treated @entity0 had lower unadjusted in-hospital mortality (3.3% vs. 9.6%, p < 0.0001) remaining significantly lower after adjustment for @entity0 risk, treatment propensity, and hospital characteristics (adjusted odds ratio, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.79 to 0.97). Hospitals that adopted early @entity2 /IIIa inhibition more rapidly also had lower adjusted mortality rates than those slower to adopt such therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor therapy appears to be underused in early management of @entity1 @entity0 . Because this therapy is associated with better outcomes, it represents a target for quality improvement.

title: Early use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in non-ST-elevation acute XXXX : observations from the National Registry of @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought evidence of a change in the prevalence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) over a 30-year period among residents of Rochester, Minnesota. BACKGROUND: @entity3 is increasingly encountered in clinical practice, but there is limited data on secular trends of @entity3 over time. METHODS: Within a longitudinal case-control study of @entity2 , the prevalence of @entity3 and of selected comorbid conditions among incident @entity1 cases and age- and gender-matched controls between 1960 and 1989 was determined. RESULTS: The mean age +/- standard deviation for the 1,871 @entity1 cases (45% @entity0 ) and matched controls was 75 +/- 11 years. For cases, age-adjusted estimates of @entity3 prevalence for 1960 to 1969, 1970 to 1979, and 1980 to 1989 were 11%, 13%, and 16%, respectively, for @entity0 , and 13%, 16%, and 20% for @entity0 . For controls, the rates were 5%, 8%, and 12%, respectively, for @entity0 , and 4%, 6%, and 8% for @entity0 . Increasing @entity3 prevalence was associated with increasing age (doubling of odds per decade of age in both cases and controls) and calendar time adjusted for age and gender (cases: odds ratio [OR] per 5 years 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.22; controls: OR per 5 years 1.24, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.37). The rates of increase with calendar time were significant for cases (p = 0.001) and controls (p < 0.001) and comparable between the genders. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity3 increased significantly in @entity2 @entity0 and their controls from 1960 to 1989 in Rochester, Minnesota, independent of age and gender. The rate of increase did not differ significantly between @entity0 and @entity0 .

title: The prevalence of @entity3 in incident XXXX cases and matched population controls in Rochester, Minnesota: changes over three decades.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We sought evidence of a change in the prevalence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) over a 30-year period among residents of Rochester, Minnesota. BACKGROUND: @entity3 is increasingly encountered in clinical practice, but there is limited data on secular trends of @entity3 over time. METHODS: Within a longitudinal case-control study of @entity2 , the prevalence of @entity3 and of selected comorbid conditions among incident @entity1 cases and age- and gender-matched controls between 1960 and 1989 was determined. RESULTS: The mean age +/- standard deviation for the 1,871 @entity1 cases (45% @entity0 ) and matched controls was 75 +/- 11 years. For cases, age-adjusted estimates of @entity3 prevalence for 1960 to 1969, 1970 to 1979, and 1980 to 1989 were 11%, 13%, and 16%, respectively, for @entity0 , and 13%, 16%, and 20% for @entity0 . For controls, the rates were 5%, 8%, and 12%, respectively, for @entity0 , and 4%, 6%, and 8% for @entity0 . Increasing @entity3 prevalence was associated with increasing age (doubling of odds per decade of age in both cases and controls) and calendar time adjusted for age and gender (cases: odds ratio [OR] per 5 years 1.13, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05 to 1.22; controls: OR per 5 years 1.24, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.37). The rates of increase with calendar time were significant for cases (p = 0.001) and controls (p < 0.001) and comparable between the genders. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity3 increased significantly in @entity2 @entity0 and their controls from 1960 to 1989 in Rochester, Minnesota, independent of age and gender. The rate of increase did not differ significantly between @entity0 and @entity0 .

title: The prevalence of XXXX in incident @entity1 cases and matched population controls in Rochester, Minnesota: changes over three decades.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk for @entity4 in twin pregnancies. METHODS: We investigated 50 sets of twins (24-38 weeks' gestation, 660-3200 g birth weight) admitted consecutively to our neonatal intensive care unit. Seventy-six @entity0 were appropriate for gestational age (AGA; tenth to 90th percentile), 20 were small for gestational age (SGA; below the tenth percentile), and four were large for gestational age (above the 90th percentile). Twenty-six singleton AGA term newborns served as controls. Umbilical arterial pH was used as a marker for acute and umbilical venous @entity2 concentration for chronic @entity4 . The results are given as median followed by quartiles. RESULTS: We identified 40 sets of diamniotic-dichorionic twins and ten sets of diamniotic-monochorionic twins with transplacental vascular shunts. In the second-born twin, umbilical arterial pH was lower (7.29, 7.23-7.33) than in the firstborn (7.31, 7.25-7.34) (P = .03), and the incidence of a low pH (less than 7.20) was higher (19 versus 11%). Two second-born twins and none of the firstborn twins had an umbilical arterial pH less than 7.05. In SGA twins, the @entity2 concentration was elevated (34.8, 22.8-325 mU/mL) compared with that in AGA twins (16.2, 8.2-26.6 mU/mL) (P < .01). In AGA twins, @entity2 concentration did not differ from that in AGA singleton newborns (19.6, 14.7-31.6 mU/mL). In 12 of 17 twin sets with weight discordancy greater than 15% and in all five twin sets with weight difference greater than 25%, @entity2 concentration was higher in the smaller twin. The proportion of @entity0 and of complete sets with elevated @entity2 levels was higher (P < .01) in monochorionic than in dichorionic pregnancies. CONCLUSION: The second-born twin is at increased risk for acute @entity1 . @entity3 in twin pregnancies is associated with chronic @entity4 . Monochorionic twins are at higher risk for chronic @entity4 than are dichorionic twins.

title: Acute and chronic XXXX in monochorionic and dichorionic twins.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In order to gain insights into the immune response in @entity2 during @entity0 , laboratory-reared @entity1 were infected with 1000 Onchocerca lienalis infective larvae and examined serologically over a period of 508 days. Levels of serum antibodies measured by ELISA against adult worm extract revealed a multiphasic response, characterized by a broadly similar profile of peaks in individual animals arising at 15-30, 79 and > 266 days after @entity0 . Timings of these changes in responsiveness closely mirrored parasite development, coinciding with larval moults and with the onset of a patent @entity0 . The levels of individual antibody isotypes directed against parasite antigens was strongly skewed. The dominant response was of IgG1, although limited reactivities were also found for IgG2 and IgM: No parasite-specific IgA antibodies were detected. Immunoblots of adult worms extracts revealed a pattern of antigen recognition over time that matched the results obtained by ELISA. Again, the IgG1 response was strongest, although certain IgG2 and IgM specificities were well represented. In general, there was a steady increase in the number of individual antigens recognized as the @entity0 progressed, with a striking expansion of antibody specificities from day 79 following the fourth larval moult. Antibodies to a 16kDa component were a prominent feature of the response following development of a patent @entity0 . These data reveal the strong influence of parasite biology on the development of the immune response in @entity2 .

title: Temporal changes in the humoral immune response of XXXX during experimental infections with Onchocerca lienalis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relation of hearing complaints to @entity1 and sleep in a group of elderly @entity0 and @entity0 . A questionnaire survey was undertaken among 10,216 elderly subjects in northern Sweden. The mean (+/- S.D.) ages of the @entity0 and @entity0 were 73.0 +/- 6.0 and 72.6 +/- 6.7 years, respectively. Poor hearing was reported by 43.1% of the @entity0 and 22.8% of the @entity0 . The relative numbers with hearing complaints increased with age. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) was reported by 32.9% of the @entity0 and 23.2% of the @entity0 . In a multiple logistic regression analysis significant independent correlates of @entity1 in @entity0 were: hearing, good versus poor (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; confidence interval [CI] 1.2-1.8), health, good versus poor (3.3; 2.6-4.4), sleep, good versus poor (2.1; 1.6-2.8) and age, > or =80 years versus < 70 years (1.5; 1.1-2.1). The corresponding correlates in @entity0 were: hearing (1.4; 1.1-1.8), health (4.3; 3.4-5.4), sleep (2.2; 1.6-2.8) and age (1.6; 1.3-2.2). Thus, poor hearing was associated with increased @entity1 independently of health, sleep status and age. Also subjects with hearing complaints more often slept poorly, woke up more often and had more difficulty in falling asleep after waking.

title: XXXX and sleep in elderly subjects with hearing complaints.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Surgery and radiation therapy have been used to treat @entity7 . However, treatment outcomes have not yet been extensively investigated. The aim of this study was to compare surgery and radiation therapy for clinical T1 @entity7 . A total of 67 clinical T1 @entity7 @entity0 were treated between January 1997 and December 2005; 29 had undergone radical esophagectomy (surgery group) and 38 were treated with definitive radiation therapy (radiation group). The mean @entity0 age was lower in the surgery group than in the radiation group. In surgery group, @entity6 , @entity3 , recurrent @entity2 , and @entity4 occurred in 7, 8, 6, and 5 @entity0 , respectively. In radiation group, @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity8 were observed in 15, 3, and 3 @entity0 , respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate for the surgery group was 68.9%, and 74.3% for the radiation group. There were no significant difference between groups (P= 0.3780). The 5-year relapse-free survival rate in the surgery group was 61.8% and 38.8% in the radiation group. The relapse-free survival rate was significantly higher in the surgery group than in the radiation group (P= 0.0051). The 5-year overall and relapse-free survival rates for @entity1 invaded into but not through the muscularis mucosa were 83.3% and 75.0%, respectively, in the surgery group and 78.8% and 33.3%, respectively, in the radiation group. There were no significant differences. The 5-year overall survival rates for @entity0 with @entity1 that invaded the submucosal layer was 64.9% in the surgery group and 66.5% in the radiation group. This difference was not significant (P= 0.8712). The 5-year relapse-free survival rate in the surgery group (56.0%) was significantly higher than that in the radiation group (41.8%; P= 0.0219). In conclusion, surgery may become a standard treatment for @entity10 esophageal cancer that can offer longer relapse-free survival, particularly for @entity0 with @entity1 that invade the submucosa.

title: A comparison of surgery and radiation therapy for XXXX @entity7 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: Surgery and radiation therapy have been used to treat @entity7 . However, treatment outcomes have not yet been extensively investigated. The aim of this study was to compare surgery and radiation therapy for clinical T1 @entity7 . A total of 67 clinical T1 @entity7 @entity0 were treated between January 1997 and December 2005; 29 had undergone radical esophagectomy (surgery group) and 38 were treated with definitive radiation therapy (radiation group). The mean @entity0 age was lower in the surgery group than in the radiation group. In surgery group, @entity6 , @entity3 , recurrent @entity2 , and @entity4 occurred in 7, 8, 6, and 5 @entity0 , respectively. In radiation group, @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity8 were observed in 15, 3, and 3 @entity0 , respectively. The 5-year overall survival rate for the surgery group was 68.9%, and 74.3% for the radiation group. There were no significant difference between groups (P= 0.3780). The 5-year relapse-free survival rate in the surgery group was 61.8% and 38.8% in the radiation group. The relapse-free survival rate was significantly higher in the surgery group than in the radiation group (P= 0.0051). The 5-year overall and relapse-free survival rates for @entity1 invaded into but not through the muscularis mucosa were 83.3% and 75.0%, respectively, in the surgery group and 78.8% and 33.3%, respectively, in the radiation group. There were no significant differences. The 5-year overall survival rates for @entity0 with @entity1 that invaded the submucosal layer was 64.9% in the surgery group and 66.5% in the radiation group. This difference was not significant (P= 0.8712). The 5-year relapse-free survival rate in the surgery group (56.0%) was significantly higher than that in the radiation group (41.8%; P= 0.0219). In conclusion, surgery may become a standard treatment for @entity10 esophageal cancer that can offer longer relapse-free survival, particularly for @entity0 with @entity1 that invade the submucosa.

title: A comparison of surgery and radiation therapy for @entity10 XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has been associated with an increased risk of esophageal mucosal tears induced by @entity2 to dislodge impacted food or following endoscopic procedures. However, @entity4 or transmural perforation of the organ resulting from @entity2 induced to dislodge impacted food has rarely been reported. In this article, we present two male adult @entity0 with long-term esophageal symptoms who suffered from @entity4 after the impaction of food in the esophagus. Both @entity0 required surgical management because of clinical and radiological signs of perforation. This rare complication of @entity5 has been documented in 11 other reports, predominantly affecting young @entity0 in whom @entity5 had not been previously diagnosed, despite the majority having esophageal symptoms and a history of atopy. There are only two published cases of esophageal perforation that presented in @entity0 , which were managed conservatively. Our two @entity0 and 4 out of the 11 described in literature required surgery because of esophageal perforation. Our two cases involved closure of the perforation, while in three published reports, perforation resulted in a partial or complete esophagectomy. No cases have been published on @entity4 caused by @entity5 that ended in fatalities. It is important to note that esophageal perforation caused by @entity2 is a potentially severe complication of @entity5 that is being increasingly described in literature. Therefore, @entity0 with non-traumatic @entity4 should be assessed for @entity5 , especially if they are young @entity0 who have a prior history of @entity3 and @entity1 manifestations.

title: XXXX as the primary manifestation of adult @entity5 . Two case reports and a review of the literature.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has been associated with an increased risk of esophageal mucosal tears induced by @entity2 to dislodge impacted food or following endoscopic procedures. However, @entity4 or transmural perforation of the organ resulting from @entity2 induced to dislodge impacted food has rarely been reported. In this article, we present two male adult @entity0 with long-term esophageal symptoms who suffered from @entity4 after the impaction of food in the esophagus. Both @entity0 required surgical management because of clinical and radiological signs of perforation. This rare complication of @entity5 has been documented in 11 other reports, predominantly affecting young @entity0 in whom @entity5 had not been previously diagnosed, despite the majority having esophageal symptoms and a history of atopy. There are only two published cases of esophageal perforation that presented in @entity0 , which were managed conservatively. Our two @entity0 and 4 out of the 11 described in literature required surgery because of esophageal perforation. Our two cases involved closure of the perforation, while in three published reports, perforation resulted in a partial or complete esophagectomy. No cases have been published on @entity4 caused by @entity5 that ended in fatalities. It is important to note that esophageal perforation caused by @entity2 is a potentially severe complication of @entity5 that is being increasingly described in literature. Therefore, @entity0 with non-traumatic @entity4 should be assessed for @entity5 , especially if they are young @entity0 who have a prior history of @entity3 and @entity1 manifestations.

title: @entity4 as the primary manifestation of adult XXXX . Two case reports and a review of the literature.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The Canadian @entity1 Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS) is a well recognized and validated triage system that prioritizes @entity0 care by severity of illness. The aim of this study was to describe the results of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) waiting times after the implementation of the CTAS in a major tertiary care hospital emergency department outside of Canada. METHODS: A total of 1206 charts were randomly selected and retrospectively reviewed for triage performance. The indicators were: time to triage, triage duration, waiting time to be evaluated by a physician, and proportion of @entity0 who left without being seen by a physician. Waiting times were stratified by triage level and reported as fractile response rates. RESULTS: The approximate time to triage was  <= 10 minutes for 71% and  <= 15 minutes for 82.8% of the @entity0 . Fifty-three percent (53.5%) completed their triage process within 5 minutes. Waiting times evaluated by a physician was 100% within CTAS time objectives in category I @entity0 , however, this was not the case for the other 4 categories. The overall left without being seen (LWBS) rate was 9.8%; 11.9% were in Level III, 20.3% in Level IV, and 67.8% in Level V. Median length of stay (LOS) was 144 minutes for the study sample as a whole. CONCLUSION: The CTAS may be adapted, with achievable objectives, in hospitals outside Canada as well. Time to see physician, total LOS, and LWBS are effective markers of @entity1 performance and the quality of triage. Registration-to-physician time (RTP) and LOS profiles, stratified by triage level, are essential indicative markers for @entity1 performance and should be used in improving @entity0 flow through collaborative efforts.

title: Canadian XXXX Triage and Acuity Scale: implementation in a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: In order to improve initial operative treatment of complex olecranon @entity2 we searched for new determining details. We assumed that the intermediate fragment plays a decisive role for anatomic restoration of the trochlear notch and consecutive outcome of initial operative treatment. METHODS: 80 @entity0 operated with diagnosis of complex olecranon @entity2 were identified in an 8-year-period from trauma unit files at two European Level 1 @entity1 Centers. Retrospective review of all operative reports and radiographs/computer-tomography scans identified @entity0 with concomitance of an intermediate fragment. The @entity0 -Rated Elbow Evaluation Score was calculated for 45 of 80 @entity0 at a minimum of 8 months postoperatively (range 8-84 months). RESULTS: 29 @entity0 were treated with stable internal fixation with figure-of-eight tension band wire fixation and 51 @entity0 with posterior plate osteosynthesis with/without intramedullary screw. An intermediate fragment was seen in 52 @entity0 . In 29 of these 52 @entity0 , the intermediate fragment was described in operative report. 24 of these 29 @entity0 were treated with posterior plate osteosynthesis, and 5 @entity0 with figure-of-eight tension band wiring. Complications included superficial @entity3 (2 @entity0 ), secondary dislocation (3 @entity0 ) and heterotopic ossifications (1 @entity0 ). Functional outcome demonstrated a total PREE score of 9 points on average in 45 of 80 @entity0 . CONCLUSION: An extraordinary amount of @entity0 showed an intermediate fragment. Consideration, desimpaction and anatomic reduction of the intermediate fragment are necessary preconditions for anatomic restoration of the trochlear notch. There is no clear benefit for plating versus tension band wiring according to our data. In the operative report precise description of the @entity2 pattern including presence of an intermediate fragment is recommended.

title: The pivotal role of the intermediate fragment in initial operative treatment of olecranon XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been described as the most important medical innovation in the last 25 years. Over 80 million MR procedures are now performed each year and on average 2.3% (95% confidence interval: 2.0 to 2.5%) of all @entity0 scheduled for MR imaging suffer from @entity2 . Thus, prevention of MR imaging by @entity2 is a common problem and approximately 2,000,000 MR procedures worldwide cannot be completed due to this situation. @entity0 with @entity1 are more likely to be frightened and experience a feeling of confinement or being closed in during MR imaging. In these @entity0 , conscious sedation and additional sequences (after sedation) may be necessary to complete the examinations. Further improvements in MR design appear to be essential to alleviate this situation and broaden the applicability of MR imaging. A more open scanner configuration might help reduce claustrophobic reactions while maintaining image quality and diagnostic accuracy. METHODS/DESIGN: We propose to analyze the rate of claustrophobic reactions, clinical utility, image quality, @entity0 acceptance, and cost-effectiveness of an open MR scanner in a randomized comparison with a recently designed short-bore but closed scanner with 97% noise reduction. The primary aim of this study is thus to determine whether an open MR scanner can reduce claustrophobic reactions, thereby enabling more examinations of claustrophobic @entity0 without incurring the safety issues associated with conscious sedation. In this manuscript we detail the methods and design of the prospective "CLAUSTRO" trial. DISCUSSION: This randomized controlled trial will be the first direct comparison of open vertical and closed short-bore MR systems in regards to @entity2 and image quality as well as diagnostic utility. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00715806.

title: Reduction of XXXX during magnetic resonance imaging: methods and design of the "CLAUSTRO" randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Surgery appears to be an underutilized treatment option for @entity1 . Nihilistic physician attitudes may be partly responsible. The study objectives were to analyze physician attitudes towards this disease and determine treatment patterns and outcomes including rates of surgical referral. METHODS: A survey was administered to 420 physicians in Manitoba to document general knowledge and attitudes. Population based administrative data was accessed for all @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 between 2004 and 2006 to examine treatment patterns and outcomes. RESULTS: 181 physicians responded to the survey. Most (73%) believed that surgical resection was worthwhile. Of the 413 Manitobans diagnosed with @entity1 , only 11% underwent an attempt at surgical resection. There were 124 @entity0 with stage I or II disease (i.e. potentially resectable), 85 of these @entity0 received no treatment and 39% were not referred to a surgeon. These @entity0 were older than those referred, but did not have more comorbidities. CONCLUSION: Most physicians were insightfully aware of both the survival benefit and potential risks of surgical resection. However, some did overestimate the surgical mortality and underestimate the associated survival benefit. Although advanced age may justly account for some of the @entity0 not receiving a referral, it is reasonable to assume that nihilistic physician attitudes is contributing to the apparent underutilization of surgery for @entity1 . Efforts should be made to ensure that eligible @entity0 are at least offered surgery as a potential treatment option.

title: Physician attitudes and treatment patterns for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study was to test the superiority of a soft tissue-based setup using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to a bony structure-based setup using the ExacTrac system in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for @entity1 . We studied 20 @entity0 with @entity1 who received IMRT between November 2010 and February 2012. After the initial setup, the pelvic bony structure-based setup and ExacTrac system were applied. After that, CBCT and a soft tissue-based setup were used. A shift in the isocenter between the ExacTrac-based and CBCT-based setup was recorded in the anterior-posterior (AP), superior-inferior (SI), and left-right (LR) axes. The shift was considered an interfractional prostate shift. Post-treatment CBCT was also taken once a week to measure the intrafractional prostate shift, based on the coordinates of the isocenter between pre- and post-treatment CBCT. The planning target volume ( @entity2 ) margins were determined using van Herk's method. We measured the elapsed time required for soft tissue matching and the entire treatment time using CBCT. The means    standard deviation (SD) of the inter- and intrafractional shifts were 0.9    2.8 mm and -0.3    1.4 mm in the AP, 0.9    2.2 mm and -0.1    1.2 mm in the SI, and 0.1    0.7 mm and -0.1    0.7 mm in the LR directions. The @entity2 margins in the cases of bony structure-based and soft tissue-based setups were 7.3 mm and 2.7 mm in the AP, 5.8 mm and 2.3 mm in the SI, and 1.9 mm and 1.2 mm in the LR directions. Even though the median elapsed time using CBCT was expanded in 5.9 min, the @entity2 margins were significantly reduced. We found the calculated @entity2 margins in the soft tissue-based setup using CBCT were small, and this arrangement was superior to the bony structure-based setup in prostate IMRT.

title: Superiority of a soft tissue-based setup using cone-beam computed tomography over a bony structure-based setup in intensity-modulated radiotherapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Augmentation of @entity0 transport into skeletal muscle by @entity4 translocation to the plasma and T-tubule membranes can be mediated independently by insulin and by contraction/exercise. Available data suggest that separable pools of intracellular @entity4 respond to these two stimuli. To identify and characterize these pools, we fractionated skeletal muscle membranes in a discontinuous sucrose density gradient. Fractions of 32 and 36% @entity2 exhibited the highest enrichment of @entity4 and were independently responsive to insulin and exercise, respectively. The combination of the two stimuli depleted both @entity4 fractions simultaneously. Both vesicle populations contained the @entity5 aminopeptidase, whose expression had previously been shown to be specific to muscle and fat and restricted to @entity4 vesicles in the latter tissue. In muscle, @entity5 translocates exactly as does @entity4 in response to insulin and exercise. The contraction- and insulin-sensitive @entity4 pools also contained secretory component-associated membrane protein/ @entity0 transporter vesicle triplet but not @entity3 and caveolin. Immunoadsorption of the two pools followed by @entity1 staining did not reveal any obvious difference in their major protein components. On the other hand, sedimentational analysis in sucrose velocity gradients revealed that the insulin-sensitive @entity4 vesicles had a larger sedimentation coefficient than the exercise-sensitive vesicles. Thus, the separation of the two intracellular @entity4 pools should be useful in dissecting what are likely to be different signal transduction pathways that mediate their translocation to the cell surface.

title: Identification and characterization of an exercise-sensitive pool of XXXX transporters in skeletal muscle.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The management of @entity1 after either laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LGBP) or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) remains a burden. Various options are available for the treatment of these leaks. A newer and less invasive option for the treatment of leaks is the use of endoluminal stents. The main drawback for this treatment is stent migration. The current study describes the outcome of a new, specifically designed stent for the treatment of @entity1 after bariatric surgery. METHODS: For this retrospective observational study, the medical charts of @entity0 undergoing bariatric surgery between October 1, 2010 and July 1, 2013 were reviewed. All @entity0 with @entity1 , treated with the bariatric Hanarostent, were included. RESULTS: Twelve @entity0 were included out of a total of 1702 bariatric @entity0 in the described period. Seven had a leakage after LSG, five after LGBP. An average of 2.4 endoscopic procedures and 1.25 stents were used per @entity0 . Successful treatment was seen in nine out of 12 @entity0 (75  %). Most common complication was dislocation or migration of the stent, occurring in eight @entity0 (66.7  %). CONCLUSIONS: The ECBB Hanarostent  , which was specifically designed for post bariatric leakages, shows equal but not favorable success rates in this small series compared to previous reports on other types of stenting techniques. Despite the stent design, the complication rate is not reduced and the main future goal should be to target the high stent migration rate.

title: A Specifically Designed Stent for XXXX after Bariatric Surgery: Experiences in a Tertiary Referral Hospital.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Target coverage and organ-at-risk sparing were compared for 22 pediatric @entity0 with primary @entity2 treated using two distinct nozzles in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) proton therapy. Consecutive @entity0 treated at our institution using a @entity4 -dedicated nozzle (DN) were replanned using a universal nozzle (UN) beam model and the original DN plan objectives. Various cranial sites were treated among the @entity0 to prescription doses ranging from 45 to 54 Gy. Organs at risk (OARs) evaluated were @entity0 -dependent; 15 unique OARs were analyzed, all of which were assessed in at least 10 @entity0 . Clinical target volume (CTV) coverage and organ sparing were compared for the two nozzles using dose-volume histogram data. Statistical analysis using a confidence-interval approach demonstrates that CTV coverage is equivalent for UN and DN plans within    5% equivalence bounds. In contrast, average mean and maximum doses are significantly higher for nearly all 15 OARs in the UN plans. The average median increase over all OARs and @entity0 is approximately 1.7 Gy, with an increase in the 25%-75% of 1.0-2.3 Gy; the median increase to the @entity3 and cochleas are 1.8, 1.7, 0.7, and 2.7 Gy, respectively. The CTV dose distributions fall off slower for UN than for the DN plans; hence, normal tissue structures in close proximity to CTVs receive higher doses in UN plans than in DN plans. The higher OAR doses in the UN plans are likely due to the larger spot profile in plans created with UN beams. In light of the high rates of @entity1 in pediatric @entity0 receiving cranial irradiation and in light of selected @entity2 types having high cure rates, this study suggests the smaller DN beam profile is preferable for the advantage of reducing dose to OARs.

title: Comparing proton treatment plans of pediatric XXXX in two @entity4 nozzles with different spot sizes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Target coverage and organ-at-risk sparing were compared for 22 pediatric @entity0 with primary @entity2 treated using two distinct nozzles in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) proton therapy. Consecutive @entity0 treated at our institution using a @entity4 -dedicated nozzle (DN) were replanned using a universal nozzle (UN) beam model and the original DN plan objectives. Various cranial sites were treated among the @entity0 to prescription doses ranging from 45 to 54 Gy. Organs at risk (OARs) evaluated were @entity0 -dependent; 15 unique OARs were analyzed, all of which were assessed in at least 10 @entity0 . Clinical target volume (CTV) coverage and organ sparing were compared for the two nozzles using dose-volume histogram data. Statistical analysis using a confidence-interval approach demonstrates that CTV coverage is equivalent for UN and DN plans within    5% equivalence bounds. In contrast, average mean and maximum doses are significantly higher for nearly all 15 OARs in the UN plans. The average median increase over all OARs and @entity0 is approximately 1.7 Gy, with an increase in the 25%-75% of 1.0-2.3 Gy; the median increase to the @entity3 and cochleas are 1.8, 1.7, 0.7, and 2.7 Gy, respectively. The CTV dose distributions fall off slower for UN than for the DN plans; hence, normal tissue structures in close proximity to CTVs receive higher doses in UN plans than in DN plans. The higher OAR doses in the UN plans are likely due to the larger spot profile in plans created with UN beams. In light of the high rates of @entity1 in pediatric @entity0 receiving cranial irradiation and in light of selected @entity2 types having high cure rates, this study suggests the smaller DN beam profile is preferable for the advantage of reducing dose to OARs.

title: Comparing proton treatment plans of pediatric @entity2 in two XXXX nozzles with different spot sizes.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The @entity15 ( @entity15 ) pathway is a key regulator for lipid peroxidation, which is crucial for plant senescence and defense pathways. In this study, the transcriptional expression patterns of three persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. 'Fupingjianshi') 9- @entity15 genes (DkLOX1, DkLOX3, and DkLOX4) were investigated. DkLOX1 was specifically expressed in fruit, particularly in young fruit, and showed little response to the postharvest environments. DkLOX4 was expressed in all tissues and slightly stimulated by mechanical damage and low temperature. DkLOX3 was expressed mainly in mature fruit, and the expression was extremely high throughout the storage period, apparently up-regulated by mechanical damage and high @entity2 treatments. Further functional analysis showed that overexpression of DkLOX3 in @entity1 ( @entity1 cv. Micro-Tom) accelerated fruit ripening and softening. This was accompanied by higher @entity4 ( @entity6 ) content and @entity9 accumulation, advanced @entity5 release peak and elevated expression of @entity5 synthesis genes, including @entity12 , @entity14 , and @entity16 . In addition, DkLOX3 overexpression promoted dark induced transgenic @entity3 leaf senescence with more chlorophyll loss, increased electrolyte leakage and @entity6 content. Furthermore, the functions of DkLOX3 in response to abiotic stresses, including osmotic stress, high salinity and drought were investigated. @entity3 DkLOX3 overexpression (DkLOX3-OX) transgenic lines were found to be more tolerant to osmotic stress with higher germination rate and root growth than wild-type. Moreover, DkLOX3-OX @entity3 plants also exhibited enhanced resistance to high salinity and drought, with similar decreased @entity7 and @entity8 accumulation and upregulation of stress-responsive genes expression, including @entity10 , RD29A, @entity11 , and @entity13 , except for @entity17 , which plays a negative role in stress response. Overall, these results suggested that DkLOX3 plays positive roles both in promoting ripening and senescence through lipid peroxidation and accelerated @entity5 production and in stress response via regulating reactive @entity0 species accumulation and stress responsive genes expression.

title: The Persimmon 9- XXXX Gene DkLOX3 Plays Positive Roles in Both Promoting Senescence and Enhancing Tolerance to Abiotic Stress.

answer: @entity15


abstract: Recurrent @entity2 or tamponade can complicate malignant disease. The medical approach with pharmacologic agents has a high recurrence rate. Balloon pericardiotomy (BP) may provide a less invasive alternative to surgery. We performed BP in ten high-risk @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). BP was performed with aseptic technique under fluoroscopic and echocardiographic guidance. We used a percutaneous subxiphoid approach. A 20- to 25-mm-wide and 4-cm-long balloon was introduced over a stiff guide wire, positioned across the parietal pericardium, and manually inflated until the waisting disappeared. Echocardiographic study and chest radiograph were taken before, immediately after the procedure, and during follow-up. The procedure was successful and well tolerated in all @entity0 . There were no immediate or late complications. No @entity0 developed recurrence of @entity2 at up to 10 months' follow-up. In conclusion, BP can be performed in @entity0 with @entity1 with high rate of procedural success. It may become the preferred treatment to avoid a more invasive procedure in these critically ill @entity0 .

title: Percutaneous balloon pericardiotomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Oral tolerance is the induction of immune @entity5 to orally administered antigens. It was described in association with a decrease in @entity1 production by activated T cells. To determine the role of @entity1 and @entity2 in immunemodulation via oral tolerization. @entity4 was induced by intracolonic instillation of @entity3 . Treated @entity0 received five oral doses of @entity4 -extracted proteins (CEPs) every other day, starting immediately after @entity4 induction. Control @entity0 received similar doses of bovine serum albumin. @entity4 was assessed in both groups by standard clinical, micro- and macroscopic scores. @entity1 and @entity2 expression in splenic lymphocytes from both groups was tested by RT-PCR immediately after oral feeding, 1, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h thereafter and then every 24 h for 2 weeks. Feeding of CEPs markedly ameliorated experimental @entity4 . These @entity0 gained weight and showed markedly improved macro- and microscopic parameters of @entity4 . Tolerized @entity0 exhibited @entity1 expression in splenic lymphocytes starting immediately following oral CEP immunization and up to 14 d thereafter. @entity2 was expressed starting 1 h after CEP feeding and during the first 48 h thereafter. In contrast, non-tolerized control @entity0 manifested @entity1 expression starting on day 6 and had no @entity2 expression. Early induction of @entity1 expression by oral antigen may be associated with systemic tolerance in the experimental @entity4 setting. In contrast, late expression of @entity1 is associated with a pro-inflammatory response in non-tolerized controls.

title: Early expression of XXXX following oral antigen administration is associated with peripheral tolerance induction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Three Gram-negative, motile, aerobic bacteria were isolated from cultures of the marine red alga @entity5 . Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel strains were closely related to Maritalea myrionectae CL-SK30(T) (97.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Zhangella mobilis E6(T) (96.2%). 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between @entity4 E6(T) and M. myrionectae CL-SK30(T) was 97.9%. The DNA G+C contents of the isolates (49.4-50.0 mol%) were similar to those of M. myrionectae DSM 19524(T) (52.3 mol%) and @entity4 JCM 15144(T) (50.3 mol%). From these results, it was @entity3 from the genus Maritalea. DNA-DNA hybridization demonstrated that the isolates belonged to a single species. The isolates could also be distinguished from M. myrionectae and @entity4 on the basis of chemotaxonomic and phenotypic features, including @entity1 composition (particularly C(16:1)  7c), growth with 6-9% (w/v) @entity2 , @entity0 utilization, oxidation patterns and so on. A novel species of the genus Maritalea is proposed to accommodate the three isolates, with the name Maritalea porphyrae sp. nov. The type strain is LCM-3(T) (=LMG 25872(T)=NBRC 107169(T)). Furthermore, it is proposed that Zhangella mobilis should be transferred from the genus Zhangella to the genus Maritalea, with the name Maritalea mobilis comb. nov. (type strain E6(T)=CGMCC 1.7002(T)=JCM 15144(T)).

title: Maritalea porphyrae sp. nov., isolated from a red alga ( XXXX ), and transfer of Zhangella mobilis to Maritalea mobilis comb. nov.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a surveillance mechanism that degrades transcripts containing nonsense mutations, preventing the translation of truncated proteins. @entity1 also regulates the levels of many endogenous mRNAs. While the mechanism of @entity1 is gradually understood, its physiological role remains largely unknown. The core @entity1 genes @entity2 and @entity3 are essential in several organisms, which may reflect an important developmental role for @entity1 . Alternatively, the lethality of these mutants might arise from their function in @entity1 -independent processes. To analyze the developmental importance of @entity1 , we studied @entity0 mutants of the other core @entity1 gene, @entity4 . We compare the resulting @entity4 phenotype with those defects observed in @entity2 and @entity3 loss-of-function mutants, as well as with flies expressing a mutant @entity3 protein unable to bind @entity4 . Our results show that @entity4 is an @entity1 effector in the @entity0 but, unlike @entity2 and @entity3 , plays a peripheral role in the degradation of most @entity1 targets and is not required for development or viability. Furthermore, @entity2 and @entity3 loss-of-function inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis through a @entity4 -independent pathway. Accordingly, disruption of @entity3 - @entity2 interaction causes death, while the @entity3 - @entity4 complex is dispensable for viability. Our findings suggest that @entity1 is essential for cell growth and animal development, and that the lethality of @entity2 and @entity3 mutants is not due to disrupting their roles during @entity1 -independent processes, but to their function in the degradation of specific mRNAs by the @entity1 pathway. Furthermore, our results show that @entity4 is not always essential in @entity1 .

title: @entity0 @entity2 and @entity3 loss of function inhibits cell growth and causes animal death in a XXXX -independent manner.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a surveillance mechanism that degrades transcripts containing nonsense mutations, preventing the translation of truncated proteins. @entity1 also regulates the levels of many endogenous mRNAs. While the mechanism of @entity1 is gradually understood, its physiological role remains largely unknown. The core @entity1 genes @entity2 and @entity3 are essential in several organisms, which may reflect an important developmental role for @entity1 . Alternatively, the lethality of these mutants might arise from their function in @entity1 -independent processes. To analyze the developmental importance of @entity1 , we studied @entity0 mutants of the other core @entity1 gene, @entity4 . We compare the resulting @entity4 phenotype with those defects observed in @entity2 and @entity3 loss-of-function mutants, as well as with flies expressing a mutant @entity3 protein unable to bind @entity4 . Our results show that @entity4 is an @entity1 effector in the @entity0 but, unlike @entity2 and @entity3 , plays a peripheral role in the degradation of most @entity1 targets and is not required for development or viability. Furthermore, @entity2 and @entity3 loss-of-function inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis through a @entity4 -independent pathway. Accordingly, disruption of @entity3 - @entity2 interaction causes death, while the @entity3 - @entity4 complex is dispensable for viability. Our findings suggest that @entity1 is essential for cell growth and animal development, and that the lethality of @entity2 and @entity3 mutants is not due to disrupting their roles during @entity1 -independent processes, but to their function in the degradation of specific mRNAs by the @entity1 pathway. Furthermore, our results show that @entity4 is not always essential in @entity1 .

title: XXXX @entity2 and @entity3 loss of function inhibits cell growth and causes animal death in a @entity4 -independent manner.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a surveillance mechanism that degrades transcripts containing nonsense mutations, preventing the translation of truncated proteins. @entity1 also regulates the levels of many endogenous mRNAs. While the mechanism of @entity1 is gradually understood, its physiological role remains largely unknown. The core @entity1 genes @entity2 and @entity3 are essential in several organisms, which may reflect an important developmental role for @entity1 . Alternatively, the lethality of these mutants might arise from their function in @entity1 -independent processes. To analyze the developmental importance of @entity1 , we studied @entity0 mutants of the other core @entity1 gene, @entity4 . We compare the resulting @entity4 phenotype with those defects observed in @entity2 and @entity3 loss-of-function mutants, as well as with flies expressing a mutant @entity3 protein unable to bind @entity4 . Our results show that @entity4 is an @entity1 effector in the @entity0 but, unlike @entity2 and @entity3 , plays a peripheral role in the degradation of most @entity1 targets and is not required for development or viability. Furthermore, @entity2 and @entity3 loss-of-function inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis through a @entity4 -independent pathway. Accordingly, disruption of @entity3 - @entity2 interaction causes death, while the @entity3 - @entity4 complex is dispensable for viability. Our findings suggest that @entity1 is essential for cell growth and animal development, and that the lethality of @entity2 and @entity3 mutants is not due to disrupting their roles during @entity1 -independent processes, but to their function in the degradation of specific mRNAs by the @entity1 pathway. Furthermore, our results show that @entity4 is not always essential in @entity1 .

title: @entity0 @entity2 and XXXX loss of function inhibits cell growth and causes animal death in a @entity4 -independent manner.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a surveillance mechanism that degrades transcripts containing nonsense mutations, preventing the translation of truncated proteins. @entity1 also regulates the levels of many endogenous mRNAs. While the mechanism of @entity1 is gradually understood, its physiological role remains largely unknown. The core @entity1 genes @entity2 and @entity3 are essential in several organisms, which may reflect an important developmental role for @entity1 . Alternatively, the lethality of these mutants might arise from their function in @entity1 -independent processes. To analyze the developmental importance of @entity1 , we studied @entity0 mutants of the other core @entity1 gene, @entity4 . We compare the resulting @entity4 phenotype with those defects observed in @entity2 and @entity3 loss-of-function mutants, as well as with flies expressing a mutant @entity3 protein unable to bind @entity4 . Our results show that @entity4 is an @entity1 effector in the @entity0 but, unlike @entity2 and @entity3 , plays a peripheral role in the degradation of most @entity1 targets and is not required for development or viability. Furthermore, @entity2 and @entity3 loss-of-function inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis through a @entity4 -independent pathway. Accordingly, disruption of @entity3 - @entity2 interaction causes death, while the @entity3 - @entity4 complex is dispensable for viability. Our findings suggest that @entity1 is essential for cell growth and animal development, and that the lethality of @entity2 and @entity3 mutants is not due to disrupting their roles during @entity1 -independent processes, but to their function in the degradation of specific mRNAs by the @entity1 pathway. Furthermore, our results show that @entity4 is not always essential in @entity1 .

title: @entity0 XXXX and @entity3 loss of function inhibits cell growth and causes animal death in a @entity4 -independent manner.

answer: @entity2