abstract: Families of individuals with @entity3 face a range of practical and emotional stresses. Studies that have addressed the sources of these burdens are limited. Literature suggests that burdens could come from the stigmatizing attitudes towards individuals with @entity3 and inadequate public resources. Nevertheless, how public attitudes and availability of public resources have affected the burden on @entity0 ' families remains to be studied. This study set out to explore the relationship between stigma, accessibility of mental health facilities and family burden through individual interviews of @entity0 ' relatives in order to understand the burden on mentally ill @entity0 ' relatives from their perspectives. Ten interviewees from two out- @entity0 @entity1 clinics were recruited and interviewed. Each interviewee had at least one family member receiving out- @entity0 @entity1 services. Altogether 11 mentally ill @entity0 were involved. Data analyses showed that much of the burden was related to stigma and to lack of mental health and rehabilitation services. Consequences included social isolation of the families, @entity4 experienced by the mentally ill @entity0 when trying to obtain competitive employment and financial @entity4 . Subjective burden resulting from social stigma included frustration, @entity2 , low self-esteem and helplessness. Implications of the findings to social policy and development of mental health services were discussed.

title: Sources of burdens on families of individuals with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to critically assess long-term outcomes after open reconstruction of @entity1 within the recent decade. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective, institutional review board-approved review of open repair for @entity1 between 1997 and 2009. Surgical factors, complications, and long-term outcomes were assessed. Pearson chi-square, Fisher's exact, and Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed. RESULTS: Of 212 @entity0 , 72 underwent primary extended synostectomy and 140 had traditional open craniofacial repair. Mean follow-up was 36.3 months (range, 0.5 to 138 months). Indications included sagittal (n = 96), metopic (n = 40), unicoronal (n = 33), bicoronal (n = 24), multisutural (n = 15), bilambdoidal (n = 3), and unilambdoidal (n = 1) synostoses; 8.5 percent of @entity0 were syndromic. Surgical reconstruction was performed at a mean age of 11.3 months (range, 0.2 to 117.8 months), including nonsyndromic @entity0 at an average age of 10.6 months and syndromic @entity0 at age 19.3 months. There were no deaths. A 3.3 percent complication rate included two cerebral contusions, two @entity2 , one @entity3 , and one wound breakdown. @entity0 were categorized as 89.2 percent Whitaker class I/II and 10.8 percent Whitaker class III/IV. Major and total reoperation rates were 9.0 percent and 10.8 percent, respectively. Higher total reoperation rate and Whitaker class III/IV distribution significantly correlated with syndromic diagnosis, @entity4 , and surgical age younger than 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: In this experience of contemporary open @entity1 surgery, rates of morbidity, mortality, and reoperation were low. These results support the merits of surgical delay, targeting an age of 6 months or older, and may serve as a more accurate metric of comparison to current minimally invasive techniques for @entity1 repair.

title: Long-term outcomes of primary craniofacial reconstruction for XXXX : a 12-year experience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Systematic review. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effectiveness of surgery versus conservative treatment on @entity1 , disability, and loss of quality of life caused by symptomatic @entity4 ( @entity4 ). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: @entity4 is the most common reason for spine surgery in @entity0 older than 65 years in the United States. METHODS: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing any form of conservative and surgical treatment were searched in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and TripDatabase databases until July 2009, with no language restrictions. Additional data were requested from the authors of the original studies. The methodological quality of each study was assessed independently by two reviewers, following the criteria recommended by the Cochrane Back Review Group. Only data from randomized cohorts were extracted. RESULTS: A total of 739 citations were reviewed. Eleven publications corresponding to five RCTs were included. All five scored as high quality despite concerns deriving from heterogeneity of treatment, lack of blinding, and potential differences in the size of the placebo effect across groups. They included a total of 918 @entity0 in whom conservative treatments had failed for 3 to 6 months, and included orthosis, rehabilitation, physical therapy, exercise, heat and cold, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, ultrasounds, analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and epidural @entity2 . Surgical treatments included the implantation of a specific type of interspinous device and decompressive surgery (with and without fusion, instrumented or not). In all the studies, surgery showed better results for @entity1 , disability, and quality of life, although not for walking ability. Results of surgery were similar among @entity0 with and without spondylolisthesis, and slightly better among those with @entity3 than among those without it. The advantage of surgery was noticeable at 3 to 6 months and remained for up to 2 to 4 years, although at the end of that period differences tended to be smaller. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with symptomatic @entity4 , the implantation of a specific type of device or decompressive surgery, with or without fusion, is more effective than continued conservative treatment when the latter has failed for 3 to 6 months.

title: Surgery versus conservative treatment for symptomatic XXXX : a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Both preclinical and clinical evidence support the usefulness of antidepressants in chronic @entity0 treatment. @entity4 uptake inhibitors influence the neurotransmissions of @entity2 (NA) and/or @entity1 ( @entity1 ); their effect on nociception is thought to take place predominantly within the spinal cord. Antidepressant drugs seem to differ in their properties as analgesics and as thymoleptics. The present work is aimed at correlating the special mechanism of action of antidepressants in diminishing nocicepetion with the pharmacological profile of these drugs in clinical @entity0 treatment. From a preclinical, experimental point of view, it can be expected, that mixed type uptake blockers should be superior to selective NA or @entity1 uptake inhibitors. The analgesic profile of antidepressants was established by a metaanalysis of clinical trials on the effect of these drugs, given alone or in combination with other analgetics, in @entity3 . 57 Clinical trials were separated into 5 groups according to their scientific quality: [1] placebo-controlled double-blind studies with high power; [2] placebo-controlled double-blind studies with low power; [3-4] open controlled studies or studies with historical controls; [5] case reports. A study was positive if the tested antidepressant was more effective than placebo or the compared drug or seemed beneficial with respect to the interval of its previous absence. The most effective antidepressants in chronic @entity0 treatment only included unselective @entity4 reuptake inhibitors in the following rank order: @entity6 > @entity8 > or = @entity7 > or = @entity5 > or = @entity9 . A statement about the appropriate dosage of these drugs in chronic @entity0 treatment, however, must wait for properly conducted dose finding studies which include the measurement of plasma concentrations.

title: [ XXXX treatment with antidepressants--metaanalysis].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The insufficiency of @entity2 therapy for @entity1 @entity0 is a frequent complained. One reason for this deficit may be the great amount of time required for the management of @entity0 with far @entity3 . The objective of this paper is the calculation of time for this therapy. METHODS: All relevant data on @entity2 treatment of 126 @entity0 were followed up in an anaesthesiology outpatient facility and their therapy was recorded retrospectively over a period of 52 months. RESULTS: During a period of 18,798 observation days 1,634 @entity2 therapy consultations were performed, on average 13 per @entity0 (1 to 95). The mean duration of therapy was 149 days. The percentage of consultations at home was 46%, most of them (80%) were scheduled, the remaining 20% were emergency consultations that were immediately necessary, at night or on Sundays. Altogether, the mean time for therapy including travel time was about 7 h until the end of the therapy. Only 13.5% of @entity0 died in a hospital. CONCLUSION: Because of the great amount of time necessary for @entity1 therapy close collaboration of all physicians involved in analgesic/palliative care is essential. This requires a good basic knowledge of all colleagues about the specialties of @entity1 therapy as well as good commitment by the @entity2 specialists.

title: [Time used for outpatient @entity1 XXXX therapy].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The insufficiency of @entity2 therapy for @entity1 @entity0 is a frequent complained. One reason for this deficit may be the great amount of time required for the management of @entity0 with far @entity3 . The objective of this paper is the calculation of time for this therapy. METHODS: All relevant data on @entity2 treatment of 126 @entity0 were followed up in an anaesthesiology outpatient facility and their therapy was recorded retrospectively over a period of 52 months. RESULTS: During a period of 18,798 observation days 1,634 @entity2 therapy consultations were performed, on average 13 per @entity0 (1 to 95). The mean duration of therapy was 149 days. The percentage of consultations at home was 46%, most of them (80%) were scheduled, the remaining 20% were emergency consultations that were immediately necessary, at night or on Sundays. Altogether, the mean time for therapy including travel time was about 7 h until the end of the therapy. Only 13.5% of @entity0 died in a hospital. CONCLUSION: Because of the great amount of time necessary for @entity1 therapy close collaboration of all physicians involved in analgesic/palliative care is essential. This requires a good basic knowledge of all colleagues about the specialties of @entity1 therapy as well as good commitment by the @entity2 specialists.

title: [Time used for outpatient XXXX @entity2 therapy].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Sympathetic postganglionic neurons may be involved in the generation of @entity3 , @entity7 and @entity10 under pathophysiological conditions. Experiments on animal models show that two categories of influence of the sympathetic neuron on afferent neurons can be distinguished and this distinction seems to be related as to whether sympathetic-afferent coupling develops after @entity1 or after tissue @entity2 with @entity0 . (1) @entity6 generates plastic changes of the afferent and sympathetic postganglionic neurons. This may lead to chemical coupling between sympathetic and afferent neurons which may entail activation and/or sensitization of primary afferent neurons by the sympathetic neurons. The mediator is probably @entity4 and the afferent neuron expresses or upregulates functional adrenoceptors. The coupling may occur at different sites of the primary afferent neuron, e. g., at the lesion site, remote from the lesion site in the dorsal root ganglion or between nonlesioned sympathetic and afferent neurons which show collateral sprouting. The biochemical signals which trigger these changes probably are neurotrophic substances and their receptors which are synthesized by the peripheral neurons, Schwann cells and other cells in response to the peripheral lesions. (2) Sympathetic nerve terminals in peripheral tissues may serve as mediator elements in @entity7 and during @entity0 following tissue @entity2 without @entity1 . This function is largely independent of activity in the sympathetic neurons and independent of vesicular release of transmitter substances. The signals are probably synthesized and released from the sympathetic terminal or in association with it and belong to the @entity8 (probably @entity5 or PGI(2)). Furthermore, @entity9 ( @entity9 ) has a @entity7 action in @entity0 which is at least in part dependent on the sympathetic nervous system.

title: [Sympathetic nervous system and XXXX : pathophysiological mechanisms].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: This review of radiological and other procedures used in the diagnosis of (chronic) @entity3 is not intended to provide a complete evaluation of the methods employed, because the validity, specificity and sensitivity of the various diagnostic measures are the subject of so much controversy that a comprehensive discussion would be beyond the scope of the present overview. The choice of method depends not only on the clinical symptoms but also on the localisation of the @entity1 , the aetiology of which may also be related to the age of the @entity0 . CAUSES OF PAIN: @entity1 is usually derived from anatomical structures around the roots of a nerve, but it may be of discogenic origin. Diagnosis is achieved by a combination of radiological and neurophysiological methods. It is far more difficult to localise the cause of chronic @entity3 , because the main pathological structures can be the intra-articular portions of the vertebral body, the vertebral body itself, the ligamenta intervertebralia or the muscles. Using @entity2 as an example, the structures of the spine which may cause @entity1 are discussed and the possible diagnostic methods are described. In addition to diagnostic procedures like CT or MRT, use can also be made of interventional radiological methods like discography or facet-joint injections. Such techniques can be supplemented by diagnostic tests under local anaesthesia which may be useful in helping to define the @entity1 . Repeated use of these procedures is only justified if the character of the @entity1 changes or the @entity1 suddenly becomes more pronounced. An algorithm is presented as a guideline only, because a more standardised approach does not give sufficient consideration to the personal experience of the individual user.

title: [Radiological and electrodiagnostic methods in the diagnosis of chronic pain syndromes: chronic XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND METHODS: The aim of this study was to get more information about the prevalence of @entity2 in different practices of home physicians. 900 @entity0 of five different specialists (general medicine, internal medicine, neurology, orthopaedics, surgery) in the german town Bochum were investigated with a questionnaire about @entity2 . @entity2 was defined as a continuous or intermittend @entity1 of longer duration than six months. RESULTS: 36% (328 @entity0 ) of all investigated @entity0 had @entity2 due to this definition, twice more @entity0 than @entity0 . The four most frequent localisations of @entity2 were the back, the head, the joints and the legs. 15% of the @entity0 with @entity2 were retired or going to retire due to their @entity2 . Orthopaedics were the most frequent physicians visited in the past. Only 5% of the @entity0 had a psychological therapy and only 1% were treated in a @entity1 clinic. The primary treatment strategies of the @entity2 were physiotherapy and drug therapy. 30% of the @entity0 did not have any @entity1 relieve by the past treatment strategies. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity2 are a frequent and important problem in practices of home physicians. The high frequency of @entity0 with @entity2 in practices of specialists demonstrates the necessity of a special qualification also on this level of our medical system.

title: [Epidemiology of XXXX - an investigation in 5 medical practices].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) may suffer from a large variety of symptoms in the upper aerodigestive tract such as globus sensation, chronic cough, hoarseness and many others. Diagnosis and causal therapy may sometimes be difficult with gastroenterologic evaluation sometimes revealing no pathologic result. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of 24-hour intraesophageal pH monitoring with 2 channels (gastric and laryngeal) in the diagnosis of reflux-induced @entity15 . METHODS: This study included 22 @entity0 presenting to the Department of Otolaryngology with symptoms like chronic cough (n = 3), globus sensation and @entity8 (n = 11), heartburn (n = 2), hoarseness and @entity12 (n = 2) or burning sensation of the tongue (n = 1). Three @entity0 had a pathologic formation in the glottic area ( @entity14 , @entity5 , @entity7 ). All @entity0 underwent a otolaryngological examination, a gastroenterological investigation and a 24-hour intraesophageal pH monitoring with 2 channels. RESULTS: All 22 @entity0 showed @entity11 (posterior @entity13 ). The gastroenterological evaluation with esophagogastroduodenoscopy was normal in 4 cases. 13 @entity0 showed a @entity4 , 4 @entity0 were suffering from a reflux- @entity10 grade I and 2 @entity0 from grade II. One @entity0 had an erythema and 5 @entity0 showed @entity3 . Seven @entity0 had more than one of the above mentioned diagnoses. Intraesophageal pH-monitoring with 2 channels over 24 hours revealed a gastroesophageal reflux of all 22 @entity0 and a high reflux to the laryngeal level of 21 @entity0 , probably causing laryngopharyngeal symptoms. Therapy of the @entity0 consisted of medical antireflux treatment with proton pump inhibitor @entity16 ( @entity9 , 40 mg, 1-0-0). Within 4 weeks 15 of 22 @entity0 had no more laryngopharyngeal symptoms or at least a significant reduction. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with laryngopharyngeal symptoms such as @entity6 or @entity8 can suffer from @entity2 , even if typical symptoms such as heartburn or @entity1 do not exist and gastroesophageal intervention reveals a normal result. The best diagnostic instrument for the diagnosis of reflux-induced @entity15 is a 24-hour intraesophageal pH-monitoring with 2 channels (measure-points at the distal esophagus and laryngeal level). Medical antireflux treatment should consist of proton pump inhibitors (e. g. @entity9 ) in a dose of 40 mg per day over at least 4 weeks.

title: [Impact of 24-hour intraesophageal pH monitoring with 2 channels in the diagnosis of reflux-induced XXXX ].

answer: @entity15


abstract: The National Academy of Sciences publication, @entity1 Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy, proposes a paradigm shift in toxicology from current animal-based testing towards the application of emerging technologies, i.e., assays based on @entity0 cells or non- @entity0 models, high throughput testing, omics approaches, systems biology, and computational modeling. These technologies should be used to identify how chemicals interact with cellular response networks and alter them to @entity1 pathways. According to the authors, such a new paradigm would provide a better scientific understanding and more adequate data to predict the adverse effects of chemicals on @entity0 health. As expected from a vision document, the report enthusiastically and optimistically describes a radical transformation of toxicology from current practices to a new approach. Several toxicologists have commented on the report, and although they generally confirm the importance of the vision, they pose critical questions regarding its feasibility. Unlike the theoretical concepts, which are carefully described, many practical aspects of how to establish the vision are less well defined. Today's technologies provide great opportunities, although many challenges remain regarding their development, implementation, and validation to adequately assess @entity0 health effects. To bring the envisioned toxicology closer to concrete implementation, it is important to identify the current knowledge gaps in the vision and develop solutions. The goal of this review is to evaluate the technologies proposed as to their maturation to transform @entity1 testing in the 21st century. This paper will provide an overview of the current standing by defining advantages, limitations, and developmental needs. In doing so, I do not intend to point out obstacles but, rather, to focus on current opportunities to advance @entity1 testing for @entity0 risk assessment.

title: Current standing and future prospects for the technologies proposed to transform XXXX testing in the 21st century.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: High rates of early @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are observed in Tunisia suggesting genetic susceptibility. Nevertheless, up to now, no molecular study has been performed in the Tunisian population. In our research, we evaluated the clinical characteristics of Tunisian families suspected of @entity4 and the contribution of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. METHODS: Thirty-one unrelated families suspected of @entity4 were studied. Probands were tested for the presence of germline mutations in the MMR genes @entity7 , @entity5 , @entity6 and in @entity8 . Available @entity1 were analysed for microsatellite instability and expression of MMR proteins. Detailed family and medical histories were collected. RESULTS: A total of 134 @entity1 were noted in the 31 families, the most frequent type of @entity1 corresponding to @entity2 (69%), followed by uterine @entity1 (7.5%). Germline mutations were identified in 11 (35.5%) families (six @entity5 , five @entity7 , including seven novel mutations), seven of which fulfilled the Amsterdam criteria (sensitivity, 63.6%; positive predictive value, 58.3%). Noteworthy, germline mutations were detected in 52.6% of male @entity0 tested, but in only 8.3% of females (p = 0.02). Moreover, @entity2 were essentially left sided in families without detected mutation (p = 0.017). Ages of onset of @entity1 and @entity1 spectrum were very similar in families with or without MMR germline mutation, contrasting with previous studies performed in other populations. CONCLUSIONS: MMR genes contribute significantly to @entity2 susceptibility in the Tunisian population. However, the cause of early @entity2 susceptibility remains unknown in most cases, especially in @entity0 and in @entity0 with early left @entity3 .

title: XXXX in Tunisia: first description of clinical features and germline mutations.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A bioassay of @entity8 for possible carcinogenicity was conducted by administering the test chemical in feed to F344 @entity2 and B6C3F1 @entity1 . Groups of 50 @entity2 of each sex were administered @entity8 at one of two doses, either 200 or 400 ppm, for 105 or 106 weeks. Matched controls consisted of 20 untreated @entity2 of each sex. All surviving @entity2 were killed at the end of administration of the test chemical. Groups of 50 male @entity1 were administered @entity8 at one of two doses, either 200 or 400 ppm, for 105 weeks. Groups of 50 female @entity1 were administered the test chemical at one of two doses, initially 400 or 800 ppm, for 38 weeks. Because of excessively lowered body weights in the dosed groups of the females, doses for the females were then reduced to 100 and 400 ppm, respectively, and administration at the lowered doses was continued for 67 or 68 weeks. The time-weighted average doses for the female @entity1 were either 208 or 545 ppm. Matched controls consisted of 20 untreated @entity1 of each sex. All surviving @entity1 were killed at the end of administration of the test chemical. Mean body weights of dosed @entity2 and @entity1 of each sex were lower than those of corresponding controls, and were generally dose related throughout the bioassay. Mortality was dose related in the male @entity2 and the female @entity1 , but was not significantly affected in either the female @entity2 or the male @entity1 . Survival was 70% or greater at week 90 on study in all dosed and control groups of each species and sex; thus, sufficient numbers of animals were at risk in all groups for the development of late-appearing @entity0 . In @entity2 , a large number of @entity3 , including @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity4 in both males and females and malignant @entity6 in females, occurred in the spleen and other abdominal organs at incidences that were dose related in each sex (P<0.001) and that in direct comparisons were significantly higher (P<0.001) in the high-dose groups of each sex than in the corresponding control groups (males: controls, 0/20, low-dose 6/49, high-dose 31/49; females: controls 0/20, low-dose 5/50, high-dose 21/50). In @entity1 , no @entity0 occurred in either males or females at incidences that were significantly higher in the dosed groups than in the corresponding control groups. It is concluded that under the conditions of this bioassay, @entity8 was carcinogenic (sarcomagenic) for F344 @entity2 , inducing various types of @entity3 in the spleen and other abdominal organs of both males and females. The test chemical was not carcinogenic for B6C3F1 @entity1 of either sex.

title: Bioassay of XXXX for possible carcinogenicity.

answer: @entity8


abstract: A bioassay of @entity5 for possible carcinogenicity was conducted using Fischer 344 @entity2 and B6C3F1 @entity1 . @entity5 was administered in the feed, at either of two concentrations (except for female @entity2 ), to groups of 50 male and 50 female animals of each species. The time-weighted average dietary concentrations used in the chronic bioassay were 0.69 and 0.35 percent for high and low dose male @entity2 , respectively, 0.2 percent for the treated female @entity2 , and 1.0 and 0.5 percent, respectively, for high and low dose @entity1 of both sexes. After a 78-week period of chemical administration (80 weeks for high dose @entity1 ), observation of the @entity2 continued for up to an additional 32, weeks and observation of the @entity1 continued for up to an additional 16 weeks. In both species adequate numbers of animals in all groups, except the treated female @entity2 , survived sufficiently long to be at risk from late-developing @entity0 . The survival among treated female @entity2 was poor and, as a result, no conclusions could be made regarding the carcinogenicity of the compound in these animals. When male @entity2 having either @entity3 or neoplastic nodules of the liver were combined and the resulting @entity0 incidences were analyzed statistically, there was a significant positive association between dosage and the incidences of these combined @entity0 . @entity3 were observed at significantly higher incidences when dosed @entity1 were compared to controls. There was a significantly higher incidence of malignant @entity4 in high dose female @entity1 when compared to controls. Under the conditions of this bioassay, dietary administration of @entity5 was carcinogenic in male Fischer 344 @entity2 , causing a @entity3 and neoplastic nodules of the liver. The compound was also carcinogenic in B6C3F1 @entity1 , causing @entity3 in both sexes and malignant @entity4 in females.

title: Bioassay of XXXX for possible carcinogenicity.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Prediction studies testing a thorough range of psychological variables in addition to demographic, work-related and clinical variables are lacking in lumbar fusion surgery research. This prospective cohort study aimed at examining predictions of @entity3 , @entity2 and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) 2-3 years after lumbar fusion by regressing nonlinear relations in a multivariate predictive model of pre-surgical variables. Before and 2-3 years after lumbar fusion surgery, @entity0 completed measures investigating demographics, work-related variables, clinical variables, functional self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, fear of movement/(re)injury, mental health and @entity1 coping. Categorical regression with optimal scaling transformation, elastic net regularization and bootstrapping were used to investigate predictor variables and address predictive model validity. The most parsimonious and stable subset of pre-surgical predictor variables explained 41.6, 36.0 and 25.6% of the variance in @entity3 , @entity2 intensity and HRQOL 2-3 years after lumbar fusion. Pre-surgical control over @entity1 and HRQOL. Pre-surgical catastrophizing and leg @entity1 intensity significantly predicted @entity3 and @entity2 while the pre-surgical straight leg raise significantly predicted @entity2 . Post-operative psychomotor therapy also significantly predicted @entity3 while pre-surgical outcome expectations significantly predicted HRQOL. For the median dichotomised classification of @entity3 , @entity2 intensity and HRQOL levels 2-3 years post-surgery, the discriminative ability of the prediction models was of good quality. The results demonstrate the importance of pre-surgical psychological factors, leg @entity1 intensity, straight leg raise and post-operative psychomotor therapy in the predictions of @entity3 , @entity2 and HRQOL-related outcomes.

title: Leg XXXX and psychological variables predict outcome 2-3 years after lumbar fusion surgery.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a condition that affects about 10% of newly delivered @entity0 . The aim of this study was to examine the possible association between offspring gender and risk for development of @entity1 in Sweden. The study was undertaken as part of the UPPSAT project, a population-based longitudinal study in Uppsala, Sweden. From May 2006 to June 2007, @entity0 who gave birth at Uppsala University Hospital and fulfilled the inclusion criteria were asked to participate. The participating @entity0 filled out, at three points during the first 6 months after delivery, questionnaires containing the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale as well as questions concerning various lifestyle factors, medical history, breast feeding habits, social support parameters, and diet factors. No significant difference in risk of @entity1 in relation to baby gender could be shown 6 weeks and 6 months after delivery. However, @entity0 who gave birth to a male offspring had a significantly higher risk of self-reported depressive symptomatology 5 days after delivery. The association remained statistically significant after adjustment for possible confounders in a logistic regression model. This longitudinal study demonstrates that, in Sweden, the gender of the offspring is not associated with a higher risk for self-reported postpartum @entity1 in the mother 6 weeks or 6 months after delivery. The birth of a baby @entity0 , however, gives the mother a higher risk of postpartum blues 5 days after delivery.

title: Newborn gender as a predictor of postpartum mood disturbances in a sample of Swedish XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 ist frequently associated with malposition of the pelvis due to an imbalance of the postural muscles. In these @entity0 functional malposition of both the sacrum and the ileum can be observed, resulting in differences in the length of the legs. We investigated whether the return to a normal position correlated with @entity1 relief. METHODS: A total of 40 control @entity0 and 65 @entity0 with @entity2 were included in this retrospective study. Prior to the start and at the end of the treatment period the differences in the length of the legs were determined manually and radiographically at the ankles with the @entity0 in the supine and sitting position. Furthermore, somatic dysfunctions at @entity6 were determined in all @entity0 . In the @entity2 group, 39 @entity0 were treated with manual therapy at the cervico-occipital joints and/or infiltration of the iliosacral joint with local anaesthetics and 26 @entity0 were treated with parenteral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The success of the treatment was determined after 6 months and correlated with a return to the normal pelvic position. RESULTS: Somatic dysfunction at @entity6 and differences in the length of the legs were observed in 32 control @entity0 and in all @entity0 with @entity2 . Manual therapy/ @entity4 infiltration resulted in complete long-term @entity1 relief in 23 @entity0 (59 %), while in the NSAID group only 4 @entity0 (15 %) became @entity1 free (P < 0.05). Long-term @entity1 relief significantly correlated with normalization of the pelvic position. CONCLUSION: Differences in the length of the legs can be successfully treated by manual therapy at C0/C1 or @entity5 in the majority of @entity0 with pelvic malposition. However, infiltration of the @entity3 is often required as additional therapy for short-term and long-term @entity1 relief. Treatment with NSAIDs alone is only seldom effective in cases of pelvic malposition and rarely affords long-term @entity1 relief.

title: [Radiographic clinical and functional diagnosis and treatment of XXXX associated with pelvic malposition].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Acupuncture is now being increasingly used in the treatment of @entity1 . Acupuncture is a technique originating in Asia, from countries that have a cultural background with a fundamentally different concept of disease and therapy. Up to now, sustained application of acupuncture in Western medicine has been impeded by the lack of a scientifically convincing explanation of the mechanisms of action in terms of neurobiological criteria. Acupuncture is being used empirically in the treatment of @entity4 ; clinical studies have been published. A definitive evaluation of acupuncture based on well-founded clinical experimental studies has yet to be made. The investigation was carried out in @entity4 @entity0 who were divided into two subgroups in a control group design with two different stimulation techniques. The verum group was treated with the correct point location, normal prick depth and elicitation of a needle sensation. The control group received treatment at points that are far away from the acupuncture points, using a superficial prick technique and without eliciting a needle sensation. The effect of therapy was appraised by means of @entity1 diaries with subsequent interference statistical and individual case analysis. In the present study comprising 81 @entity0 , the incidence of the attacks was significantly reduced in both subgroups. The effect of acupuncture treatment was of comparable magnitude to that of the beta-blocker @entity3 . The advantage of acupuncture treatment consists in the lack of side effects such as @entity2 or an increase in weight. A minor side effect was only reported in one case. In the data analysis with the interference statistical method, verum acupuncture was superior to the control in only one subgroup. The possibility that the addition of further points (distant points) can explain this effect on the basis of the hypothesis of a central modulation of the @entity4 process is discussed. Acupuncture shows a sufficiently pronounced and sustained therapeutic effect for its use to be considered in a possible interval treatment of @entity4 .

title: [Acupuncture in XXXX therapy].

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 has been produced in @entity0 by the spreading of 5 ml of caecal contents throughout the peritoneal cavity. After sacrifice at 5 h, electron microscopy revealed a increase of 600% in PMN and 1200% in lymphocytes in the pulmonary capillaries of the test animals when compared to the sham operated group. The pulmonary capillaries in the test group showed a 27% reduction in their luminal area, which was associated with a 73% reduction in their patency due to occlusion by WBC and cell debris. In addition there was endothelial and epithelial disruption with basement membrane exposure. The PMN were degranulated and adherent to the pulmonary endothelium. Pretreatment with the phospholipase inhibitor, @entity3 , significantly attenuated these responses, so that there was only an increase of 200% in PMN and 450% in lymphocytes in the lungs with no evidence of degranulation or adhesion to the pulmonary endothelium. Furthermore there was no change in capillary luminal area when compared to the sham operated group. In addition there was only slight damage to the endothelium and epithelium with no exposure of the basement membrane. Peripheral WBC in both the test and @entity3 groups showed a similar 62% and 75% reduction after 5 h when compared to baseline values. The sham group did not show this change. These results suggest that phospholipase inhibition plays an important role in attenuating the pulmonary response to @entity2 and may be of potential benefit in treating clinical @entity1 .

title: A phospholipase inhibitor modifies the pulmonary damage associated with @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 has been produced in @entity0 by the spreading of 5 ml of caecal contents throughout the peritoneal cavity. After sacrifice at 5 h, electron microscopy revealed a increase of 600% in PMN and 1200% in lymphocytes in the pulmonary capillaries of the test animals when compared to the sham operated group. The pulmonary capillaries in the test group showed a 27% reduction in their luminal area, which was associated with a 73% reduction in their patency due to occlusion by WBC and cell debris. In addition there was endothelial and epithelial disruption with basement membrane exposure. The PMN were degranulated and adherent to the pulmonary endothelium. Pretreatment with the phospholipase inhibitor, @entity3 , significantly attenuated these responses, so that there was only an increase of 200% in PMN and 450% in lymphocytes in the lungs with no evidence of degranulation or adhesion to the pulmonary endothelium. Furthermore there was no change in capillary luminal area when compared to the sham operated group. In addition there was only slight damage to the endothelium and epithelium with no exposure of the basement membrane. Peripheral WBC in both the test and @entity3 groups showed a similar 62% and 75% reduction after 5 h when compared to baseline values. The sham group did not show this change. These results suggest that phospholipase inhibition plays an important role in attenuating the pulmonary response to @entity2 and may be of potential benefit in treating clinical @entity1 .

title: A phospholipase inhibitor modifies the pulmonary damage associated with XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In severe @entity2 , laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be technically difficult, and is associated with an increased rate of procedure conversions and common @entity1 lesions. METHODS: We investigated the safety and complications of laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy for severe @entity2 in a medium- to long-term follow-up evaluation. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 345 @entity0 during a period of 64 months. In 46 of the @entity0 (13.3%), a subtotal cholecystectomy was performed. The results were compared with data on laparoscopic cholecystectomy from 16,130 @entity0 in 84 surgical institutes in Switzerland, collected prospectively by the Swiss Association for Laparoscopic and Thoracoscopic Surgery (SALTS). RESULTS: The median operating time was 93 min (range, 50-140) min. The overall rate of procedure conversions in acute @entity2 was lowered significantly from 23.2% (SALTS) to 9.7%. There was no @entity1 lesion, as compared with the rate of 0.8% in the SALTS data. In follow-up evaluations, fluid collections in 16 @entity0 (35%) and residual @entity3 in 6 @entity0 (13%) were of no clinical relevance. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy for acute @entity2 offers a simple and safe solution that prevents @entity1 injuries and decreases the rate of conversion in anatomically difficult situations.

title: Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy for severe XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 is an individually variable experience, incorporating physical, @entity4 . @entity3 occurs in a broad spectrum of severity; therefore, a grading procedure is of crucial importance in clinical research and in epidemiologic studies. The Mainz Pain Staging System is an interview-administered, multi-dimensional measure of @entity3 severity. The system suggests grading @entity3 in terms of 4 axes: time (persistence), spreading of @entity2 site, medication use, and health care utilization. The whole scale consist of 10 items. The resulting score is used to classify the @entity2 problem in three stages (I, II, III). Analysing the broader validity and parametric properties of the staging system is the purpose of the present study. METHODS: The staging system and psychosocial data were administered to 542 consecutive @entity0 of different diagnoses who attended one of six @entity2 clinics in the year 1995/96. In a time period of 3 months since first contact, treatment procedures were registered. Three months after first contact @entity0 rated the effectiveness of treatment concerning reduction of @entity2 intensity. RESULTS: According to the criteria of the staging system 25% of the sample belonged to each stage I and stage III, whereas 50% were classified to stage II. As a measure of validity, @entity3 status demonstrated significant correlation with @entity1 , disability and time off work, whereas there was no correlation to @entity2 intensity and persistence of @entity2 . Surprisingly we found no difference in amount and quality of treatment between @entity0 who were graded as severe @entity2 @entity0 (stage III) and the other stages. Furthermore, effectiveness of treatment also did not differ between the three stages. We made several proposals for optimizing the staging system. CONCLUSION: Given the high prevalence of recurrent and @entity3 as well as the broadness of severity, an important issue on further research is identification of factors which influence the chronification process. For this purpose improved measures of graded classification of @entity2 status are needed.

title: [Classification of XXXX . Quantification and grading with the Mainz Pain Staging System].

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) are useful for studying medial olivocochlear (MOC) efferents, but several unresolved methodological issues cloud the interpretation of the data they produce. Most efferent assays use a "probe stimulus" to produce an OAE and an "elicitor stimulus" to evoke efferent activity and thereby change the OAE. However, little attention has been given to whether the probe stimulus itself elicits efferent activity. In addition, most studies use only contralateral ( re the probe) elicitors and do not include measurements to rule out @entity1 ( @entity1 ) contractions. Here we describe methods to deal with these problems and present a new efferent assay based on stimulus frequency @entity0 (SFOAEs) that incorporates these methods. By using a postelicitor window, we make measurements in individual subjects of efferent effects from contralateral, ipsilateral, and bilateral elicitors. Using our SFOAE assay, we demonstrate that commonly used probe sounds (clicks, tone pips, and tone pairs) elicit efferent activity, by themselves. Thus, results of efferent assays using these probe stimuli can be confounded by unwanted efferent activation. In contrast, the single 40 dB SPL tone used as the probe sound for SFOAE-based measurements evoked little or no efferent activity. Since they evoke efferent activation, clicks, tone pips, and tone pairs can be used in an adaptation efferent assay, but such paradigms are limited in measurement scope compared to paradigms that separate probe and elicitor stimuli. Finally, we describe tests to distinguish @entity1 ( @entity1 ) effects from MOC effects for a number of OAE assays and show results from SFOAE-based tests. The SFOAE assay used in this study provides a sensitive, flexible, frequency-specific assay of medial efferent activation that uses a low-level probe sound that elicits little or no efferent activity, and thus provides results that can be interpreted without the confound of unintended efferent activation.

title: Medial olivocochlear efferent reflex in humans: otoacoustic emission (OAE) measurement issues and the advantages of stimulus frequency XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Advanced @entity2 ( @entity2 ), @entity6 are considered risk factors for @entity7 in @entity2 - @entity0 . So far, however, there are no studies investigating in detail whether there is a correlation between the QT-interval and changes in coronary anatomy or changes in left ventricular function. Therefore, coronary angiographic data were related to @entity6 in 304 @entity0 , who were catheterized because of suspected @entity2 . @entity6 were expressed as QTc = QT/square root RR (Bazett's correction for heart rate), left ventricular function was assessed by the ejection fraction of the ventricular angiogram, and coronary angiograms were classified according to the Gensini score as well as into 1-, 2- and 3-vessel disease ( @entity3 greater than or equal to 50%). A multidimensional linear regression model was employed to eliminate the effects of varying mean rates still present after application of Bazett's formula. In @entity0 with 1-, 2- and 3-vessel disease, significant changes of QTc were observed only in @entity0 with @entity5 (EF less than 60%). In these @entity0 the QTc-interval increased significantly from 1- to 3-vessel disease. If the critical degree of @entity8 was changed from greater than or equal to 50% to greater than or equal to 90% further prolongations of QTc were noted. In @entity0 with 1-, 2- and 3-vessel disease the QTc-duration difference was further enhanced if either the proximal part of the descending branch of the left coronary artery ( @entity9 ) or the left main stem were affected ( @entity3 greater than or equal to 50%). The data reveal that prolongation in the duration of electrical systole correlates with known cardiac risk factors for @entity4 , i.e. 3-vessel-disease, proximal @entity9 or left main stem @entity3 and @entity5 . In the individual @entity0 , however, the prognostic value of a single @entity1 is limited because of a large interindividual variation of the data.

title: Relationship between the degree of XXXX and of left ventricular function and the duration of the QT-interval in ECG.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that reduced plasma levels of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are related to alterations in several features of the @entity1 in both @entity0 and @entity0 . We investigated whether @entity3 level was a global predictor of the @entity1 in a sample of 203 @entity0 , 173 premenopausal, and 46 postmenopausal @entity0 for whom we also obtained a detailed assessment of the metabolic profile, including body composition (hydrostatic weighing), abdominal adipose tissue areas (computed tomography), plasma lipid-lipoprotein levels, and @entity2 homeostasis (oral @entity2 challenge). Low @entity3 levels were associated with increased total and abdominal adiposity in @entity0 as well as in pre- and postmenopausal @entity0 . Low @entity3 levels were also associated with an altered metabolic profile, especially in premenopausal @entity0 . Subjects were subdivided according to the presence of 0, 1 to 2, or 3 or more features of the @entity1 . Twenty-five percent of @entity0 were characterized by 3 features or more, whereas most premenopausal @entity0 (61.3%) had a healthy metabolic profile (0 features) and 6.9% were characterized by 3 or more features. Most postmenopausal @entity0 (54.3%) were characterized by 1 to 2 components of the @entity1 , and 13.0% were characterized by 3 or more components. The proportion of subjects characterized by the @entity1 (3 components or more) was lower in subjects with @entity3 values in the upper tertile compared with the lower tertile in both @entity0 and premenopausal @entity0 (17.7% v 28.4% and 1.7% v 14.0%, respectively). Logistic regression analyses indicated that an @entity3 level in the upper tertile was associated with a significant reduction in the probability of being characterized by the @entity1 (odds ratios of 0.35, P =.02 for @entity0 and.11, P =.05 for premenopausal @entity0 , with the lower tertile as a reference). The logistic regression was not significant in postmenopausal @entity0 . These results suggest that plasma @entity3 level may represent a significant predictor of the @entity1 in @entity0 and premenopausal @entity0 .

title: Relationship between XXXX levels and features of the @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Previous studies have demonstrated that reduced plasma levels of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) are related to alterations in several features of the @entity1 in both @entity0 and @entity0 . We investigated whether @entity3 level was a global predictor of the @entity1 in a sample of 203 @entity0 , 173 premenopausal, and 46 postmenopausal @entity0 for whom we also obtained a detailed assessment of the metabolic profile, including body composition (hydrostatic weighing), abdominal adipose tissue areas (computed tomography), plasma lipid-lipoprotein levels, and @entity2 homeostasis (oral @entity2 challenge). Low @entity3 levels were associated with increased total and abdominal adiposity in @entity0 as well as in pre- and postmenopausal @entity0 . Low @entity3 levels were also associated with an altered metabolic profile, especially in premenopausal @entity0 . Subjects were subdivided according to the presence of 0, 1 to 2, or 3 or more features of the @entity1 . Twenty-five percent of @entity0 were characterized by 3 features or more, whereas most premenopausal @entity0 (61.3%) had a healthy metabolic profile (0 features) and 6.9% were characterized by 3 or more features. Most postmenopausal @entity0 (54.3%) were characterized by 1 to 2 components of the @entity1 , and 13.0% were characterized by 3 or more components. The proportion of subjects characterized by the @entity1 (3 components or more) was lower in subjects with @entity3 values in the upper tertile compared with the lower tertile in both @entity0 and premenopausal @entity0 (17.7% v 28.4% and 1.7% v 14.0%, respectively). Logistic regression analyses indicated that an @entity3 level in the upper tertile was associated with a significant reduction in the probability of being characterized by the @entity1 (odds ratios of 0.35, P =.02 for @entity0 and.11, P =.05 for premenopausal @entity0 , with the lower tertile as a reference). The logistic regression was not significant in postmenopausal @entity0 . These results suggest that plasma @entity3 level may represent a significant predictor of the @entity1 in @entity0 and premenopausal @entity0 .

title: Relationship between @entity3 levels and features of the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Danazol was given to 16 @entity0 with @entity1 in daily doses of 200 to 400mg for 4 to 6 months, and the change in serum lipids and lipoproteins was analysed. @entity5 decreased total @entity2 by an average of 22%, @entity3 by 56%, phospholipids by 29%, free @entity4 by 17% and lipid @entity6 by 42%, among which reductions in total @entity2 (p less than 0.05) and lipid @entity6 (p less than 0.01) were statistically significant when compared with the pretreatment levels. Levels of lipids in @entity7 and VLDL also fell: @entity7 - @entity2 by 43%, @entity7 - @entity3 by 68%, @entity7 -phospholipids by 40%, VLDL- @entity2 by 73%, VLDL- @entity3 by 71% and VLDL-phospholipids by 48%. The decrease in @entity7 - @entity2 (p less than 0.05), @entity7 - @entity3 (p less than 0.05) and @entity7 -phospholipids (p less than 0.001) was significant. Concurrently apolipoproteins and @entity8 activity decreased: A-I by 28% (p less than 0.001), A-II by 7% (p less than 0.05) and @entity8 by 35%. In contrast, LDL- @entity2 increased, though slightly. Therefore, the atherogenic index defined as the ratio of LDL-c/ @entity7 -c rose as much as 98% of the initial value. These changes seem to have arisen from impairment in the VLDL- @entity7 cycle. The decrease in VLDL and increase in LDL indicated that VLDL was catabolised and converted to LDL at a normal rate while the formation of @entity7 was impaired probably due to the low activity of @entity8 and low level of apo A-I and A-II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Effects of @entity5 on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in @entity0 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Danazol was given to 16 @entity0 with @entity1 in daily doses of 200 to 400mg for 4 to 6 months, and the change in serum lipids and lipoproteins was analysed. @entity5 decreased total @entity2 by an average of 22%, @entity3 by 56%, phospholipids by 29%, free @entity4 by 17% and lipid @entity6 by 42%, among which reductions in total @entity2 (p less than 0.05) and lipid @entity6 (p less than 0.01) were statistically significant when compared with the pretreatment levels. Levels of lipids in @entity7 and VLDL also fell: @entity7 - @entity2 by 43%, @entity7 - @entity3 by 68%, @entity7 -phospholipids by 40%, VLDL- @entity2 by 73%, VLDL- @entity3 by 71% and VLDL-phospholipids by 48%. The decrease in @entity7 - @entity2 (p less than 0.05), @entity7 - @entity3 (p less than 0.05) and @entity7 -phospholipids (p less than 0.001) was significant. Concurrently apolipoproteins and @entity8 activity decreased: A-I by 28% (p less than 0.001), A-II by 7% (p less than 0.05) and @entity8 by 35%. In contrast, LDL- @entity2 increased, though slightly. Therefore, the atherogenic index defined as the ratio of LDL-c/ @entity7 -c rose as much as 98% of the initial value. These changes seem to have arisen from impairment in the VLDL- @entity7 cycle. The decrease in VLDL and increase in LDL indicated that VLDL was catabolised and converted to LDL at a normal rate while the formation of @entity7 was impaired probably due to the low activity of @entity8 and low level of apo A-I and A-II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Effects of XXXX on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in @entity0 with @entity1 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Danazol was given to 16 @entity0 with @entity1 in daily doses of 200 to 400mg for 4 to 6 months, and the change in serum lipids and lipoproteins was analysed. @entity5 decreased total @entity2 by an average of 22%, @entity3 by 56%, phospholipids by 29%, free @entity4 by 17% and lipid @entity6 by 42%, among which reductions in total @entity2 (p less than 0.05) and lipid @entity6 (p less than 0.01) were statistically significant when compared with the pretreatment levels. Levels of lipids in @entity7 and VLDL also fell: @entity7 - @entity2 by 43%, @entity7 - @entity3 by 68%, @entity7 -phospholipids by 40%, VLDL- @entity2 by 73%, VLDL- @entity3 by 71% and VLDL-phospholipids by 48%. The decrease in @entity7 - @entity2 (p less than 0.05), @entity7 - @entity3 (p less than 0.05) and @entity7 -phospholipids (p less than 0.001) was significant. Concurrently apolipoproteins and @entity8 activity decreased: A-I by 28% (p less than 0.001), A-II by 7% (p less than 0.05) and @entity8 by 35%. In contrast, LDL- @entity2 increased, though slightly. Therefore, the atherogenic index defined as the ratio of LDL-c/ @entity7 -c rose as much as 98% of the initial value. These changes seem to have arisen from impairment in the VLDL- @entity7 cycle. The decrease in VLDL and increase in LDL indicated that VLDL was catabolised and converted to LDL at a normal rate while the formation of @entity7 was impaired probably due to the low activity of @entity8 and low level of apo A-I and A-II.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Effects of @entity5 on serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in XXXX with @entity1 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: This report concerns 34 cases of heparin-associated @entity4 in which standard heparin has been systematically replaced by LMW heparin @entity10 Choay. There were 21 @entity0 and 13 @entity0 , mean age, 69 years. Twenty-six of the 34 cases had @entity3 complications. All of the @entity0 were treated by standard heparin of porcine mucosal origin, in most cases for prevention of @entity5 and @entity6 . Twenty-six cases occurred along with orthopedic and traumatologic surgery (especially for total hip replacement, 15 cases). Four cases involved vascular surgery and three involved medical @entity3 . Standard heparin treatment was always replaced by LMW heparin @entity10 . Initial doses were 0.30 ml three times daily, later increased to obtain @entity9 . Surgical procedures (embolectomy and vena cava filter) were carried out when necessary. Five @entity0 had thrombolytic treatment (urokinase) in conjunction with LMW heparin. The overall results were 31 recoveries, but with seven severe sequelae (three amputations and four @entity7 ) most often attributable to the first @entity1 attack, and three @entity2 . For the last 16 @entity0 , indirect @entity8 tests were performed (control platelet-rich plasma plus @entity0 platelet-poor plasma plus LMW heparin): nine cases had negative tests, with nine recoveries and seven cases had positive tests, with five recoveries and two @entity2 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment of heparin-associated @entity4 and @entity3 with low molecular weight heparin ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity10


abstract: This report concerns 34 cases of heparin-associated @entity4 in which standard heparin has been systematically replaced by LMW heparin @entity10 Choay. There were 21 @entity0 and 13 @entity0 , mean age, 69 years. Twenty-six of the 34 cases had @entity3 complications. All of the @entity0 were treated by standard heparin of porcine mucosal origin, in most cases for prevention of @entity5 and @entity6 . Twenty-six cases occurred along with orthopedic and traumatologic surgery (especially for total hip replacement, 15 cases). Four cases involved vascular surgery and three involved medical @entity3 . Standard heparin treatment was always replaced by LMW heparin @entity10 . Initial doses were 0.30 ml three times daily, later increased to obtain @entity9 . Surgical procedures (embolectomy and vena cava filter) were carried out when necessary. Five @entity0 had thrombolytic treatment (urokinase) in conjunction with LMW heparin. The overall results were 31 recoveries, but with seven severe sequelae (three amputations and four @entity7 ) most often attributable to the first @entity1 attack, and three @entity2 . For the last 16 @entity0 , indirect @entity8 tests were performed (control platelet-rich plasma plus @entity0 platelet-poor plasma plus LMW heparin): nine cases had negative tests, with nine recoveries and seven cases had positive tests, with five recoveries and two @entity2 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment of heparin-associated XXXX and @entity3 with low molecular weight heparin ( @entity10 ).

answer: @entity4


abstract: This report concerns 34 cases of heparin-associated @entity4 in which standard heparin has been systematically replaced by LMW heparin @entity10 Choay. There were 21 @entity0 and 13 @entity0 , mean age, 69 years. Twenty-six of the 34 cases had @entity3 complications. All of the @entity0 were treated by standard heparin of porcine mucosal origin, in most cases for prevention of @entity5 and @entity6 . Twenty-six cases occurred along with orthopedic and traumatologic surgery (especially for total hip replacement, 15 cases). Four cases involved vascular surgery and three involved medical @entity3 . Standard heparin treatment was always replaced by LMW heparin @entity10 . Initial doses were 0.30 ml three times daily, later increased to obtain @entity9 . Surgical procedures (embolectomy and vena cava filter) were carried out when necessary. Five @entity0 had thrombolytic treatment (urokinase) in conjunction with LMW heparin. The overall results were 31 recoveries, but with seven severe sequelae (three amputations and four @entity7 ) most often attributable to the first @entity1 attack, and three @entity2 . For the last 16 @entity0 , indirect @entity8 tests were performed (control platelet-rich plasma plus @entity0 platelet-poor plasma plus LMW heparin): nine cases had negative tests, with nine recoveries and seven cases had positive tests, with five recoveries and two @entity2 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Treatment of heparin-associated @entity4 and XXXX with low molecular weight heparin ( @entity10 ).

answer: @entity3


abstract: Single and combination chemotherapies of @entity7 , a new antitumor agent were evaluated for its antitumor effect against several @entity2 @entity1 . Dose-dependent antitumor effects were observed when @entity7 was administered via any of the three routes, i.p., i.v. and orally, on days 1 and 5 after i.p. or s.c. inoculation of @entity10 and @entity3 180. The drug also proved effective against i.v. inoculated EL-LP-12 (subline of @entity10 ), i.p. or s.c. inoculated P388 and @entity9 , i.p. inoculated colon 26, and s.c. inoculated colon 38 and @entity0 . However, oral administration of the drug was not effective against @entity9 , colon 26 and @entity0 despite the fact that the doses employed for this route was higher than those employed for i.v. and i.p. routes. The optimum dosing schedule was also investigated with oral administration of the drug against s.c. inoculated @entity10 . A single dose (day 1) or two doses (days 1 and 5) were more effective than three doses (days 1, 3 and 5) or five consecutive daily doses. @entity7 showed additive and more than additive effects in combination with the antitumor agents, @entity4 , @entity8 , @entity6 or @entity5 against s.c. inoculated @entity10 and i.v. inoculated EL-LP-12.

title: [Antitumor effects of a podophyllotoxin derivative, XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Hemodynamic effects of @entity5 were studied in 2 groups of @entity0 after open heart surgery. Group I consisted of 10 @entity0 with moderate @entity1 . In the absence of inotropic agents, their mean cardiac index (CI) was 2.02 +/- 0.41 liters/min/m2 and mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) 19 +/- 3 mm Hg. @entity5 was administered 24 hours postoperatively by bolus injection (2 mg/kg) and by 12-hour infusions (20 micrograms/kg/min). Hemodynamic data and plasma concentrations were obtained 10 and 20 minutes after the bolus injection and at 1, 4, 8 and 12 hours during infusion. Significant beneficial changes were noted in CI, PCWP, right atrial pressure, systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular resistance. Group II consisted of 5 @entity0 in severe @entity4 (mean CI 1.97 +/- 0.3 liters/min/m2, mean PCWP 28 +/- 8 mm Hg) despite adrenergic agonists in all @entity0 and intraaortic counterpulsation in 2. After these measures, @entity5 was given intravenously for 36 to 72 hours as additional inotropic support. Significant improvement was observed in CI, PCWP, right atrial pressure, systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular resistance. Four @entity0 in this group were discharged; 1 @entity0 died after 5 days in @entity3 and @entity2 grade IV. No serious adverse effects of @entity5 were observed in any group II @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX in the management of low cardiac output after open heart surgery.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Pesticides constitute a heterogeneous category of chemicals specifically designed for the control of pests, weeds or @entity2 . Pesticides have been considered potential chemical mutagens: experimental data revealed that various agrochemical ingredients possess mutagenic properties inducing mutations, chromosomal alterations or DNA damage. Biological monitoring provides a useful tool to estimate the genetic risk deriving from an integrated exposure to a complex mixture of chemicals. Studies available in scientific literature have essentially focused on cytogenetic end-points to evaluate the potential genotoxicity of pesticides in occupationally exposed populations, including pesticide manufacturing workers, pesticide applicators, floriculturists and farm workers. A positive association between occupational exposure to complex pesticide mixtures and the presence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), sister-chromatid exchanges (SCE) and micronuclei (MN) has been detected in the majority of the studies, although a number of these failed to detect cytogenetic damage. Conflicting results from cytogenetic studies reflect the heterogeneity of the groups studied with regard to chemicals used and exposure conditions. @entity3 associated with pesticides occurs in @entity0 populations subject to high exposure levels due to intensive use, misuse or failure of control measures. The majority of studies on cytogenetic biomarkers in pesticide-exposed workers have indicated some dose-dependent effects, with increasing duration or intensity of exposure. @entity1 induced by pesticides appears to have been transient in acute or discontinuous exposure, but cumulative in continuous exposure to complex agrochemical mixtures. Data available at present on the effect of genetic polymorphism on susceptibility to pesticides does not allow any conclusion.

title: Genotoxicity of pesticides: a review of XXXX biomonitoring studies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Acid phosphatase activity was determined in serum, cultured fibroblasts, and peripheral blood lymphocytes of six splenectomized adult @entity0 with non-neuropathic @entity4 in two Canadian families. Elevated levels of serum acid phosphatase activity (520-711% of normal) were found in four @entity0 who also developed orthopedic complications associated with @entity4 , including intermittent @entity1 , @entity3 , collapse of femoral head, and pathological @entity2 . Serum acid phosphatase activity in two @entity0 who do not have bone involvement were found to be within the normal range. Contrary to the serum enzyme, acid phosphatase activity in lymphocytes and cultured fibroblasts of all of the @entity0 was within the normal range. Deficient glucocerebrosidase (7.5-15.5% of normal) and @entity6 (13.8-27.8% of normal) activities were noted in all probands. Similarly, normal levels of fibroblast and lymphocyte acid phosphatase activity were found in Gaucher heterozygotes whose glucocerebrosidase activity was about 50% of normal. Acid @entity5 gel electrophoresis and acid phosphatase activity staining of the @entity0 ' sera showed that the elevated acid phosphatase is isozyme type 5 osteoclastic origin. The apparent Michaelis constant, Km, of fibroblast glucocerebrosidase for the natural substrate was 0.6 +/- 0.1 mM for controls and 0.6 +/- 0.2 mM for the @entity0 . These data suggest that the assay of serum acid phosphatase activity for the presumptive diagnosis of @entity4 is not completely reliable and that the elevated level of serum acid phosphatase in @entity4 is most likely a secondary phenomenon which may be indicative of bone involvement in some @entity0 with this disorder. It also demonstrates the clinical heterogeneity of type 1 @entity4 , even among full sibs of the same heterozygous parents.

title: XXXX : comparative study of acid phosphatase and glucocerebrosidase in normal and type-1 Gaucher tissues.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The rate of peroxidation of unconjugated @entity3 (UCB), catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP), has been employed by Jacobsen (1969. FEBS Lett. 5: 112-114) to assess the fraction of unbound UCB in the presence of serum albumin. We used this method to examine the interactions of UCB with @entity7 (TC) at pH 8.2, assuming solubilization of UCB by TC is due to pigment binding and/or to partitioning into the micelle, thus rendering UCB unavailable for peroxidation. Inhibition of UCB peroxidation conformed with predictions based on these assumptions and demonstrated significant interaction of UCB with both monomeric and micellar TC. Although significant inhibition of UCB peroxidation was seen with TC monomer, inhibition was even greater with TC micelles. In contrast, @entity8 , another substrate of HRP, acted very differently in the presence of TC. Inhibition of @entity8 peroxidation by TC was much less than with UCB and occurred primarily with monomeric TC, with little further inhibition in the micellar range. The results of this study suggest that at @entity7 concentrations above 50 mM, similar to the physiologic @entity6 concentrations in @entity0 bile, at least 99% of UCB is bound to @entity6 , dramatically decreasing the concentration of unbound UCB. Since @entity5 also bind @entity1 , they play a dual role in protection against the precipitation of @entity2 bilirubinate from bile. Therefore, @entity5 are a major factor in the prevention of the formation and growth of @entity4 .

title: Enzymatic oxidation of unconjugated XXXX to assess its interactions with @entity7 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The rate of peroxidation of unconjugated @entity3 (UCB), catalyzed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP), has been employed by Jacobsen (1969. FEBS Lett. 5: 112-114) to assess the fraction of unbound UCB in the presence of serum albumin. We used this method to examine the interactions of UCB with @entity7 (TC) at pH 8.2, assuming solubilization of UCB by TC is due to pigment binding and/or to partitioning into the micelle, thus rendering UCB unavailable for peroxidation. Inhibition of UCB peroxidation conformed with predictions based on these assumptions and demonstrated significant interaction of UCB with both monomeric and micellar TC. Although significant inhibition of UCB peroxidation was seen with TC monomer, inhibition was even greater with TC micelles. In contrast, @entity8 , another substrate of HRP, acted very differently in the presence of TC. Inhibition of @entity8 peroxidation by TC was much less than with UCB and occurred primarily with monomeric TC, with little further inhibition in the micellar range. The results of this study suggest that at @entity7 concentrations above 50 mM, similar to the physiologic @entity6 concentrations in @entity0 bile, at least 99% of UCB is bound to @entity6 , dramatically decreasing the concentration of unbound UCB. Since @entity5 also bind @entity1 , they play a dual role in protection against the precipitation of @entity2 bilirubinate from bile. Therefore, @entity5 are a major factor in the prevention of the formation and growth of @entity4 .

title: Enzymatic oxidation of unconjugated @entity3 to assess its interactions with XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The characterization of the antigenic and immunologic properties of @entity4 has dramatically increased our understanding of the biology of these diseases and at the same time greatly enhanced our diagnostic abilities. Immunophenotyping has helped delineate specific lineage aberrancies indicative of malignant transformation, such as monoclonality, in the form of light- and/or heavy-chain immunoglobulin restriction, or loss of pan-B or pan-T cell antigens, or aberrant crosslineage coexpression of antigens. Unique immunophenotypic profiles have now been described for most forms of @entity0 and @entity5 . Classic @entity1 , for example, has the singular combination of @entity12 and @entity11 positivity, in the absence of @entity3 (see Fig. 1 ). Additional examples are @entity2 with its unique nuclear expression of @entity9 , and @entity10 , characterized by coexpression of @entity13 and @entity8 , a monocytoid marker. Beyond its diagnostic utility, immunohistochemistry (IHC) may have prognostic significance reflecting the biologic behavior of these diseases; a case in point is @entity7 in large @entity6 , whose absence conveys a worse prognosis. Fig. 1. Classic @entity1 phenotype. Reed-Sternberg cell (upper left) coexpressing @entity12 (upper right) and @entity11 (lower right), in the absence of @entity3 (lower left).

title: Immunohistochemistry in XXXX and @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The characterization of the antigenic and immunologic properties of @entity4 has dramatically increased our understanding of the biology of these diseases and at the same time greatly enhanced our diagnostic abilities. Immunophenotyping has helped delineate specific lineage aberrancies indicative of malignant transformation, such as monoclonality, in the form of light- and/or heavy-chain immunoglobulin restriction, or loss of pan-B or pan-T cell antigens, or aberrant crosslineage coexpression of antigens. Unique immunophenotypic profiles have now been described for most forms of @entity0 and @entity5 . Classic @entity1 , for example, has the singular combination of @entity12 and @entity11 positivity, in the absence of @entity3 (see Fig. 1 ). Additional examples are @entity2 with its unique nuclear expression of @entity9 , and @entity10 , characterized by coexpression of @entity13 and @entity8 , a monocytoid marker. Beyond its diagnostic utility, immunohistochemistry (IHC) may have prognostic significance reflecting the biologic behavior of these diseases; a case in point is @entity7 in large @entity6 , whose absence conveys a worse prognosis. Fig. 1. Classic @entity1 phenotype. Reed-Sternberg cell (upper left) coexpressing @entity12 (upper right) and @entity11 (lower right), in the absence of @entity3 (lower left).

title: Immunohistochemistry in @entity5 and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Modern views on embryology have increased our understanding of the nature of oblique @entity5 . The anomalies that have their origin at the junction of facial processes, such as the @entity4 , may be named primary clefts or transformation. The maxillary clefts that are due to a developmental arrest of the skeleton are in fact secondary defects of differentiation defects. The teratology of these @entity3 is discussed, and attention is drawn to the @entity2 as a possible cause. All these clefts are rare, their incidence ranging from 0.75 to 5.4 per 1000 common clefts. This author has been involved in the treatment of nine of these @entity0 . Four had their @entity3 reconstructed with one of the conventional procedures described in the literature, but the results, although initially acceptable, soon deteriorated. A more @entity1 approach was therefore chosen. Rotation and advancement of the cheek proved to be extremely effective and is now advocated as the procedure of choice. The transposition of a median forehead flap is considered an excellent alternative. Use of these procedures in five @entity0 is reported. There were no complications.

title: Oblique XXXX : pathology, etiology, and reconstruction.

answer: @entity5


abstract: In this paper we describe the assessment and medical treatment of @entity2 in @entity0 according to the concept of the Centre of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine at the university of Freiburg, Germany. Opiate therapy in @entity0 as well as novel data about the association of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and wheezing/ @entity3 bronchiale in @entity0 are discussed. Special aspects of analgesia for @entity2 procedures and a @entity9 / @entity1 mixture which has been recently introduced in Germany are described. The second part of the paper presents results of our prospective study about continuous infusion of @entity8 and @entity5 in a fixed combination in 19 @entity7 @entity0 with a median age of 46 months, 40% of these @entity0 had an @entity4 . The mortality rate was 21%. A median dose of @entity8 of 3.9 microg/kg/h ( @entity5 0.26 mg/kg/h) was infused. The @entity8 serum level (median 4.2 ng/ml, range 1.7-17.8 ng/ml) correlated significantly with the administered dose while the @entity5 serum levels (median 911 ng/ml, range 234-4 651 ng/ml) correlated neither with the administered dose nor with any of the analysed parameters. CONCLUSION: A standard protocol for the assessment and treatment of @entity2 should be established in every pediatric hospital. The data about the association of @entity3 bronchiale and @entity6 cannot be interpreted conclusively, but show that even for well known substances clinical trials may lead to new awareness. The study data about continuous infusion of @entity8 and @entity5 show a good correlation of the @entity8 application to serum levels, while @entity5 appears to be not the optimal substance for continuous sedation in this setting.

title: [Analgesia for pediatric XXXX . Standards and special aspects].

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To recalculate the radiation doses delivered to structures of interest within the eye, i.e., the lens, @entity1 apex, 5-mm point, optic disk, and macula for @entity0 treated with eye plaque radiotherapy on the @entity2 Study (COMS) Medium Tumor Trial, using updated dosimetric data. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Using the Plaque Simulator planning system, doses were recalculated for a sampling of COMS @entity0 for each plaque size. Dosimetry parameters incorporated into the recalculation were line source approximation, a 90% Silastic transmission factor, and a 0% gold transmission factor. Generic solutions were generated from the dose recalculations for each plaque size and structures of interest combination. Doses for the remainder of the @entity0 population were recalculated using the generic solutions and compared with the originally reported COMS doses. RESULTS: Doses to all structures of interest were reduced 7%-21%, depending on the plaque size and structure combination. The reduction in dose for the macula, optic disc, lens, @entity1 apex, and 5-mm point was on average 10%, 18%, 8%, 11%, and 12%, respectively. The closer the macula and optic disk were to the plaque rim, the greater the dose reduction. Incorporation of the Silastic transmission factor accounted for a large part of the dose reduction. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating anisotropy, line source approximation, and Silastic and gold shield attenuation into dose recalculations resulted in a significant and consistent reduction of doses to structures of interest within the eyes.

title: A reanalysis of the XXXX Study Medium Tumor Trial eye plaque dosimetry.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured with a pH-sensitive microelectrode in voltage-clamped @entity2 cardiac Purkinje fibers while tension was simultaneously measured. All solutions were nominally @entity0 /HCO3 free and were buffered with Tris. The addition of @entity4 (5-20 mM) produced an @entity3 that was associated with an increase of twitch tension. At the same time, a component of voltage-dependent tonic tension developed. Prolonged exposure (greater than 5 min) to @entity4 resulted in a slow recovery of pHi accompanied by a decrease of tension. Removal of @entity4 produced a transient @entity1 that was accompanied by a fall of force. In some experiments, there was then a transient recovery of force. If extracellular pH (pHo) was decreased, then pHi decreased slowly. Tension also fell slowly. An increase of pHo produced a corresponding increase of both force and pHi. The application of @entity5 (10 microM) increased force and produced an intracellular @entity1 . The addition of @entity4 , to remove this @entity1 partially, produced a significant increase of force. The above results show that contraction is sensitive to changes of intracellular but not extracellular pH. This pH dependence will therefore modify the contractile response to inotropic maneuvers that also affect pHi.

title: Effects of changes of intracellular pH on contraction in XXXX cardiac Purkinje fibers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To determine whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of @entity6 can demonstrate abnormalities distal to hyperintensities on T2-weighted images, and possibly relate these to @entity3 grade. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty @entity0 with histologically confirmed @entity3 , both @entity4 (high and low grade) and @entity1 , were imaged at 3T using T2-weighted and DTI sequences. Regions of interest (ROI) were @entity3 , in white matter at various distances from the @entity3 and in areas of abnormality on DTI that appeared normal on T2-weighted images. The relative anisotropy index (RAI)-a measure of white matter organization, was calculated for these ROI. RESULTS: The abnormality on DTI was larger than that seen on T2-weighted images in 10/13 @entity0 (77%) with high-grade @entity4 . @entity5 were seen in the contralateral white matter in 4/13 (30%) of these cases. In these high-grade @entity3 the RAI in areas of white matter disruption with normal appearance on T2-weighted images was reduced (0.19+/-0.04). Even excluding @entity0 with previous radiotherapy this difference remains significant. In all non high-grade @entity3 (WHO grade II @entity4 and @entity1 ) the @entity3 extent on DTI was identical to the abnormalities shown on T2-weighted imaging and RAI measurements were not reduced (0.3+/-0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Subtle white matter disruption can be identified using DTI in @entity0 with high-grade @entity4 . Such disruption is not identified in association with @entity1 or low-grade @entity4 despite these @entity3 producing significant mass effect and @entity2 . We suggest the changes in DTI may be due to @entity3 infiltration and that the DTI may provide a useful method of detecting occult white matter invasion by @entity4 .

title: Diffusion tensor imaging of XXXX at 3T: a potential tool for assessing white matter tract invasion?

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the distribution of injuries between @entity0 who have fallen and those who have jumped from a height, and to relate the mechanism of @entity2 sustained. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred and ninety-nine @entity0 , admitted via @entity4 ( @entity4 ), classified as either having fallen or jumped from a height were included in the study. The radiographs from the primary survey, together with radiographs of specific injury sites were analysed. The distribution of injury was compared in the two groups. RESULTS: Of the 399 @entity0 , 342 were fallers and 57 were jumpers. Jumpers had a higher Injury Severity Score (ISS), @entity3 rate and number of @entity2 per @entity0 . Jumpers sustained more @entity2 (particularly on the right), pelvic and @entity2 but fewer @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Jumpers tend to sustain different @entity1 . It is proposed that jumpers have a tendency to land feet-first and then try to break their falls on their dominant side, sustaining more right-sided @entity2 in the process. The patterns of injury that have emerged from this study have important implications for evaluating @entity1 in those who jump or fall from a height.

title: Jumpers and fallers: a comparison of the distribution of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured with radiolabeled microspheres in a @entity1 model of superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass and acute @entity0 . Ischemic zone flows in seven @entity1 with the bypass first closed and then open showed no significant contribution of bypass flow in the intact vascular system. Following acute proximal occlusion, rCBF was preserved by bypass flow. A significant flow decrease ensued when the bypass was then clipped, confirming the adequacy of the lesion and the protective effect of the bypass. Reopening the bypass after 15 minutes of @entity0 restored 76% of the previous flow. This was a significant increase from the global @entity0 values, and was not statistically different from preocclusive values. Preocclusion somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP's) in these animals showed a consistent biphasic wave at 8 to 10 msec after stimulation. This wave, with some decrease in amplitude, was preserved by bypass flow following creation of the @entity2 . Bypass clipping abolished these ipsilateral SSEP's. Variable return of SSEP's occurred following reopening of the graft, but the recordings never reached preischemic amplitudes. This experimental study shows that, in this model, a prophylactic bypass subjected to immediate demand (with no time for "maturation") can adequately augment cortical rCBF and is superior to delayed revascularization. The data lend theoretical support to placement of a prophylactic STA-MCA bypass prior to elective carotid artery sacrifice or in surgery where the risk of acute @entity3 is high.

title: Effects of preexisting bypass graft on rCBF and SSEP's following acute stroke in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 (grape) and Vaccinium macrocarpon (cranberry) are well known medicinal plants; most of the pharmacologically active phytochemicals have been isolated from the skin, fruit juice, fermented extract and @entity1 fractions of the plants above. Here, the pharmacological properties of the phytochemical constituents present in oils of cranberry and grape were investigated. The oil of grape and cranberry has been evaluated for their wound healing activity by using an excision wound model in @entity0 . The animals were divided into four groups of six each (n   =   6). The experimental group 1 and 2 animals were treated topically with the grape and cranberry oil (100   mg/kg body weight), respectively. The controls were treated with petroleum jelly. The standard group of animals were treated with @entity4 ointment (100   mg/kg body weight). The healing was assessed by the rate of wound contraction and @entity2 content. On day 13, animals treated with cranberry oil exhibited a (88.1%) reduction in the wound area compared with grape-oil treated (84.6%), controls (74.1%) and standard group animals (78.4%) (p   <   0.001). The @entity2 content of the granulation tissue was significantly higher in the animals treated with cranberry and the grape-oil (p   <   0.000). Comparative investigation of the curative properties of the oils of @entity3 and V. macrocarpon revealed a significant result which suggests their wound-healing potential.

title: Wound-healing properties of the oils of XXXX and Vaccinium macrocarpon.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 , @entity2 in particular, are among the most frequent causes of death today in developed countries. In the last two decades, @entity2 was the second most frequent cause of death in Primorsko-Goranska Region in Croatia. In older @entity0 , individuals older than 65 years of age have an increased risk of @entity2 , mainly because the degree of @entity3 increases with age. The most frequent complication of the high percent stenosis of the carotid arteries is @entity4 in the area of atherosclerotic changes of blood vessels. With the increase in the age of the population, there is also an increase in the number of risk factors of @entity2 . Doppler ultrasound sonography and Multi Slice CT scans have the most prominent role in the early detection of atherosclerotic changes and in the assessment of the degree of carotid @entity3 . Today, in Croatia as well as worldwide, thrombendarterectomy holds the most important place in @entity2 prevention. Between 2006 and 2009, 209 @entity0 underwent surgical intervention at the Clinical Hospital Center in Rijeka for high degree of carotid @entity3 . In the group younger than 65 years of age, which consisted of 53 @entity0 , a @entity1 was noted in 4 @entity0 (7.54%) in the perioperative and early postoperative course. In the group of individuals older than 65 years of age, which consisted of 156 @entity0 , a @entity1 was noted in 9 @entity0 (5.76%). There was no significant statistical difference in the incidence of @entity1 , nor in the mortality in individuals older than 65 years of age during carotid arteries thrombendarterectomy.

title: Perioperative and early postoperative XXXX in older @entity0 during carotid artery thrombendarterectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity2 , @entity2 in particular, are among the most frequent causes of death today in developed countries. In the last two decades, @entity2 was the second most frequent cause of death in Primorsko-Goranska Region in Croatia. In older @entity0 , individuals older than 65 years of age have an increased risk of @entity2 , mainly because the degree of @entity3 increases with age. The most frequent complication of the high percent stenosis of the carotid arteries is @entity4 in the area of atherosclerotic changes of blood vessels. With the increase in the age of the population, there is also an increase in the number of risk factors of @entity2 . Doppler ultrasound sonography and Multi Slice CT scans have the most prominent role in the early detection of atherosclerotic changes and in the assessment of the degree of carotid @entity3 . Today, in Croatia as well as worldwide, thrombendarterectomy holds the most important place in @entity2 prevention. Between 2006 and 2009, 209 @entity0 underwent surgical intervention at the Clinical Hospital Center in Rijeka for high degree of carotid @entity3 . In the group younger than 65 years of age, which consisted of 53 @entity0 , a @entity1 was noted in 4 @entity0 (7.54%) in the perioperative and early postoperative course. In the group of individuals older than 65 years of age, which consisted of 156 @entity0 , a @entity1 was noted in 9 @entity0 (5.76%). There was no significant statistical difference in the incidence of @entity1 , nor in the mortality in individuals older than 65 years of age during carotid arteries thrombendarterectomy.

title: Perioperative and early postoperative @entity1 in older XXXX during carotid artery thrombendarterectomy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: One possible advantage of high-frequency ventilation (HFV) over conventional mechanical ventilation is that adequate pulmonary ventilation may be established with lower pressure swings. Pressure swings measured at the airway opening may not accurately reflect pressure swings in the alveoli, however. Furthermore, little is known about the synchrony of @entity1 during HFV. We have assessed the magnitude of alveolar pressure swings (PA) relative to those at the airway opening (Pao) and investigated asynchrony of @entity1 during small tidal volume (less than 1.0 ml), high-frequency (1 to 60 Hz) oscillations (HFO) in 8 excised @entity0 lungs. The PA was measured in several capsules glued to the pleural surface and communicating with @entity3 . The peak value of the ratio [PA/Pao] occurred near the resonant frequency and was 1.90, 1.45, and 1.0 at distending pressures of 25, 10, and 5 cm @entity5 , respectively. Temporal asynchrony of PA between sampled lung regions was quantified by measuring the interregional standard deviation of alveolar pressure phase angles, delta phi. The delta phi increased with increasing frequency and decreasing transpulmonary pressure. The maximal observed delta phi was 30 degrees. These results, when compared with earlier results on excised @entity2 lungs, show that the amplification of PA during HFO is lung-size dependent. The observed degree of phase differences in pressure swings between @entity4 implies substantial asynchrony of @entity1 . This in turn suggests interregional gas transport as an important contributor to gas mixing during HFV.

title: Alveolar pressure magnitude and asynchrony during high-frequency oscillations of excised XXXX lungs.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the experience acquired in the surgical management of @entity1 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study of 206 @entity0 undergoing surgical treatment of @entity1 from June 2005 to June 2007. Besides the demographic variables, the following variables were recorded: Fracture classification, interval between the occurrence of the @entity2 and its surgical treatment, physical status according to the American Society of Anesthesiology classification, preoperative comorbid conditions, type of implant used, approach used if a prosthesis was used, operative time, prophylaxis with antibiotics and for @entity4 events, complications during the postoperative period and during a 24-month follow-up period. A descriptive statistical analysis was carried out. RESULTS: Fifty @entity0 were males and 156 females, mean age was 80 years (50-99 years). The most frequent types of @entity2 were the intertrochanteric @entity2 (130 @entity0 ) and the displaced intracapsular @entity2 (38 @entity0 ). The most frequent surgical procedures were the placement of a compression ring and plate (133 @entity0 ) and hemiarthroplasty (49 @entity0 ). Ten @entity0 had @entity3 . Two @entity0 died during the follow-up period (24 months). CONCLUSIONS: Fixation was performed in young @entity0 with undisplaced @entity2 and in all @entity0 with an impacted and stable subcapital @entity2 . Arthroplasty was preferred in @entity0 with a displaced @entity2 .

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The treatment of 20 scuba divers with decompression @entity4 of the spinal cord between 1969 and 1984 is reported. Seven @entity0 presented with mild @entity3 , 13 @entity0 were paraplegic and some suffered from additional impairments to the arms. In 12 of the divers the accident that occurred in a Swiss lake and recompression was initiated with a latency of a few hours. These early treatments were successful in 11 @entity0 . The neurologic symptoms already improved during recompression even in the 7 @entity0 who were paraplegic. In a paraplegic @entity0 early treatment failed, but her condition improved under subsequent hyperbaric @entity2 treatment. In 9 @entity0 late treatment after an interval of 48 to 192 hours, consisting of repeated hyperbaric @entity2 exposures, was performed. 3 @entity0 with mild @entity1 improved completely. 6 @entity0 were paraplegic. In 5 of these early treatment was without success. On 3 occasions, however, early treatment was not started before 15 to 24 hours after the dive. All 6 paraplegic @entity0 improved considerably during late treatment. 8 of the 9 @entity0 undergoing hyperbaric @entity2 treatment had been transported by air with slightly reduced cabin pressure from the foreign country to Zurich. No @entity1 was observed during air transport.

title: [Decompression XXXX of the spinal cord. Results of early and of late treatment].

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate highly temporally resolved MR-angiography (MRA) with time-resolved imaging with stochastic trajectories (TWIST) of the hand as supplementary tool for dynamic assessment of @entity3 and vascular pathologies in @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: A coronal dynamic TWIST-MRA-sequence (0.7 mm   0.7 mm   1.4 mm, temporal resolution 2.5s, time of acquisition 4 min) of the predominantly affected hand of 17 @entity0 with suspected @entity2 was acquired after contrast administration (Multihance, Bracco Imaging @entity6 ) at 3T (Magnetom VERIO, 8-channel-knee-coil, Siemens Healthcare). As standard of reference, contrast enhanced non fat-saturated coronal and fat-saturated axial T1-w sequences were acquired. These static sequences and the dynamic TWIST-MRA-maximum-intensity-projections (MIP) were separately assessed by two readers in consensus, recording the number of @entity1 (wrist, intercarpal, metacarpophaleangal/proximal/distal interphalangeal joints), signs of @entity5 and @entity4 . Diagnostic confidence was rated (4-point-scale: 4=excellent; 1=non-diagnostic). Statistical significance was tested using the Wilcoxon-rank-sum-test. RESULTS: An insignificantly lower number of @entity1 (n=72 vs. 89; p=0.1) and only 3/9 cases with @entity5 were identified by the TWIST-MRA. For detected lesions, diagnostic confidence was comparable (MRA: 3.64; static T1-w post contrast: 3.47). In @entity0 with high clinical activity dynamic MRA showed very early synovial enhancement. Only dynamic MRA detected 3 cases of @entity4 (subsequently confirmed with digital-subtraction-angiography). CONCLUSION: TWIST-MRA facilitates fast detection of @entity3 . Although dynamic MRA of the hand is inferior to static contrast enhanced sequences in assessing the number of synovitic and @entity1 , its high temporal resolution allows for fast visual grading of disease activity and assessment of @entity4 without additional contrast material application.

title: Dynamic 3D-MR-angiography for assessing XXXX of the hand--a feasibility study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: CONTEXT: To enable study of @entity1 journey, we need to be able to select and map validated measures through the @entity1 trajectory. OBJECTIVES: To examine the performance of self-report measures for identifying clinically significant levels of @entity1 @entity0 trajectory. METHODS: Electronic searches of Medline, PsychInfo, CINAHL, EmBase, The Cochrane Library, AMED, BNI, ASSIA, and Web of Science were undertaken. Only studies of self-report measures that used validated diagnostic tools for @entity2 diagnosis as the criterion measure were included. We then further limited our focus to those papers that specified a trajectory stage. RESULTS: Forty-eight different self-report measures were reported in the 85 papers identified. The @entity3 ( @entity3 ) was the most frequently reported measure (23 times). Several other measures were reported between two and four times, but most (37) measures were reported only once. Twenty-two of the 85 included papers reported measure performance by trajectory stage. Best performing measures based on validation data available could be identified for each trajectory stage: for pretreatment, the @entity3 for identifying @entity3 ; during treatment, the @entity3 and Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5) together for identifying clinically significant distress; post-treatment, the @entity3 for identifying @entity3 ; and at recurrence and during the palliative phase, the Brief Edinburgh @entity3 Scale (BEDS) for identifying @entity3 . CONCLUSION: No single measure had evidence to support use throughout the illness trajectory in a longitudinal study, but the @entity3 , in combination with the MHI-5, was supported during the @entity1 treatment phase, and BEDS in the palliative care phase.

title: Identifying psychological distress at key stages of the XXXX illness trajectory: a systematic review of validated self-report measures.

answer: @entity1