abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the causes, clinical presentation, complications and visual outcome of hyphaema following closed @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: The study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan, from May, 1996 to June 1997. @entity0 AND METHODS: All cases of hyphaema, due to closed @entity1 , were included and history of @entity0 was recorded on a comprehensive proforma designed for this purpose. All cases were admitted for at least 5 days. Ocular examination included checking visual acuity (VA), intraocular pressure (IOP), slit lamp and fundus examination. @entity0 were treated accordingly and followed up for 90 days. RESULTS: Thirty-six eyes of 36 @entity0 with hyphaema were included in our study. Out of this, 88.89% were males and 11.11% females while 86% were 20 years of age or below. Almost 91.66% presented with primary hyphaema, 44.44% received @entity1 with stone and 27.77% with tennis ball while playing cricket. @entity1 during playing was noted in 66.66% of cases. Almost 62% of cases were having visual acuity in the range of @entity5 to perception of light with good projection. IOP was raised initially in 41.66% cases. Only 33.33% needed surgical intervention. @entity3 was present in 13.88% and 5.55% had corneal blood staining. Majority of @entity0 (75%) improved to VA range of 6/6 to 6/12 and 19% @entity0 in our study ended up with @entity6 in the affected eyes. CONCLUSION: Traumatic hyphaema is more frequently found among @entity0 and young male. @entity7 , traumatic @entity2 and @entity4 were common co-morbidities. @entity3 and corneal staining were the main complications. Nearly 1/5th of @entity0 ended up with @entity6 in the affected eyes.

title: Hyphaema due to blunt XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: A descriptive study was performed in a series of pediatric @entity0 diagnosed with @entity2 in the emergency rooms of 11 Spanish hospitals. The appropriateness of antibiotic prescriptions was assessed by comparing our clinical practice in the use of antibiotics for pharyngotonsillitis with consensus guidelines developed for this study. RESULTS: We collected data from 1716 @entity0 with @entity2 . Antibiotics were prescribed in 80.9 %, mainly according to empirical criteria. The most commonly used antibiotics were @entity1 (36 %), @entity1 - @entity3 (22.5 %), @entity7 (6.6 %), @entity6 (5.8 %) and @entity4 (5.2 %). A total of 39.5 % of the @entity0 were aged less than 3 years, of which 75.9 % were treated empirically. Of the prescribed treatments, 22.8 % were considered as the treatment of choice; 22.4 % as alternatives and 54.8 % as inappropriate. CONCLUSIONS: Antibiotic treatment was prescribed in most of the cases of pharyngotonsillitis and nearly always according to empirical criteria. The number of antibiotic prescriptions was far higher than the expected cases of @entity5 and, in many cases, the antibiotic prescriptions were inappropriate.

title: [Appropriateness of treatment of XXXX according to the scientific evidence].

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation for @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and a long-term study by follow-up multidetector-row computed tomography (CT) was conducted to evaluate the changes occurring in the treatment area following the HIFU ablation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: HIFU ablation was carried out in 14 @entity0 with small @entity4 ( <=3 lesions,  <=3cm in diameter). The HIFU system (Chongqing Haifu Tech) was used under ultrasound guidance. The evaluations were performed by follow-up CT at 1 week, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the HIFU ablation. RESULTS: HIFU ablation was carried out successfully in 11 of the 14 @entity0 . At 1 week after the HIFU, a peripheral rim @entity5 was found in all cases (100%). This finding was persistent in 6 of the 11 cases (54.5%) at 1 month, and in 1 of the 11 (9%) cases at 3 months after HIFU ablation. In all cases, the rim @entity5 disappeared by 6 or 12 months after the HIFU ablation. At the 12 months follow-up, a decrease in the diameter of the ablated lesions was found. The @entity5 around the treated area was found to be persistent at the 12 months follow-up in the one case of recurrence of the treated site in which the safety margin was not sufficiently wide. During the follow-up period, there were 2 cases with residual of @entity2 . We performed radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for these @entity1 after the HIFU ablation. CONCLUSION: To ascertain the cause of the peripheral @entity5 on follow-up CT images after the HIFU ablation, in particular, to determine whether it might be caused by @entity1 or recurrence at the treated site, careful follow-up is important, especially in cases where the safety margin of the ablated area was not sufficiently wide.

title: Findings of multidetector row computed tomography of XXXX treated by HIFU ablation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIM: The diagnostic contribution of the anteroposterior (AP) view was studied to assess whether this view could be omitted safely, thus reducing the radiation burden received by @entity0 undergoing lumbar spine radiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective analysis of 1030 consecutive referrals for lumbar spine radiography from general practice. RESULTS: In the majority of cases (90.5%) the AP view was non-contributory. In 4.2% the diagnosis was strengthened and it was altered in 4.6%. However, in the latter group only 1.3% of the total were considered significant alterations. These were cases of possible, but not definite, pars defects and @entity3 . Specific important conditions such as infection, @entity1 were not missed on the lateral view alone, in our study population. The radiation burden is reduced by 75% by omitting the AP view. CONCLUSION: A single lateral view is an adequate examination, with the proviso that @entity2 is not assessed on this view and some pars defects and facet joint degenerative changes may be overlooked. The radiation protection gains are considerable. A single lateral lumbar view is now our routine practice unless @entity3 is a specific clinical concern.

title: The diagnostic contribution of the frontal lumbar spine radiograph in community referred low back pain--a prospective study of 1030 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) affects 20-40% of the general adult population. Due to shared risk factors, it is postulated that @entity8 @entity0 have an increased risk of @entity2 and should be a target group for screening. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of @entity2 in @entity8 @entity0 and the risk of @entity2 in relation to the severity of @entity8 histology. Design Cross-sectional study. SETTING: University hospital with case recruitment from the community and clinics. @entity0 : Subjects aged 40-70 years were recruited for colonoscopic screening from two study cohorts: (1) community subjects; and (2) consecutive @entity0 with biopsy proven @entity8 . In the community cohort, hepatic fat was measured by proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity9 . @entity2 was defined as @entity1 or @entity4 with villous architecture or high grade @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity8 @entity0 (N=199) had a higher prevalence of @entity9 (34.7% vs 21.5%; p=0.043) and @entity6 (18.6% vs 5.5%; p=0.002) than healthy controls (N=181). Thirteen of 29 (45%) @entity8 @entity0 with @entity6 had @entity3 in the right sided colon. Among @entity0 with biopsy proven @entity8 , @entity0 with @entity10 (N=49) had a higher prevalence of @entity4 (51.0% vs 25.6%; p=0.005) and @entity6 (34.7% vs 14.0%; p=0.011) than those with simple @entity7 (N=86). After adjusting for demographic and metabolic factors, @entity10 remained associated with @entity4 (adjusted OR 4.89, 95% CI 2.04 to 11.70) and @entity6 (OR 5.34, 95% CI 1.92 to 14.84). In contrast, the prevalence of @entity4 and @entity6 was similar between @entity0 with simple @entity7 and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 is associated with a high prevalence of @entity9 and @entity6 . The @entity4 are found more commonly in the right sided colon. @entity2 screening is strongly indicated in this high risk group.

title: High prevalence of @entity2 in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) affects 20-40% of the general adult population. Due to shared risk factors, it is postulated that @entity8 @entity0 have an increased risk of @entity2 and should be a target group for screening. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of @entity2 in @entity8 @entity0 and the risk of @entity2 in relation to the severity of @entity8 histology. Design Cross-sectional study. SETTING: University hospital with case recruitment from the community and clinics. @entity0 : Subjects aged 40-70 years were recruited for colonoscopic screening from two study cohorts: (1) community subjects; and (2) consecutive @entity0 with biopsy proven @entity8 . In the community cohort, hepatic fat was measured by proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity9 . @entity2 was defined as @entity1 or @entity4 with villous architecture or high grade @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity8 @entity0 (N=199) had a higher prevalence of @entity9 (34.7% vs 21.5%; p=0.043) and @entity6 (18.6% vs 5.5%; p=0.002) than healthy controls (N=181). Thirteen of 29 (45%) @entity8 @entity0 with @entity6 had @entity3 in the right sided colon. Among @entity0 with biopsy proven @entity8 , @entity0 with @entity10 (N=49) had a higher prevalence of @entity4 (51.0% vs 25.6%; p=0.005) and @entity6 (34.7% vs 14.0%; p=0.011) than those with simple @entity7 (N=86). After adjusting for demographic and metabolic factors, @entity10 remained associated with @entity4 (adjusted OR 4.89, 95% CI 2.04 to 11.70) and @entity6 (OR 5.34, 95% CI 1.92 to 14.84). In contrast, the prevalence of @entity4 and @entity6 was similar between @entity0 with simple @entity7 and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 is associated with a high prevalence of @entity9 and @entity6 . The @entity4 are found more commonly in the right sided colon. @entity2 screening is strongly indicated in this high risk group.

title: High prevalence of XXXX in @entity0 with @entity10 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity8 ( @entity8 ) affects 20-40% of the general adult population. Due to shared risk factors, it is postulated that @entity8 @entity0 have an increased risk of @entity2 and should be a target group for screening. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of @entity2 in @entity8 @entity0 and the risk of @entity2 in relation to the severity of @entity8 histology. Design Cross-sectional study. SETTING: University hospital with case recruitment from the community and clinics. @entity0 : Subjects aged 40-70 years were recruited for colonoscopic screening from two study cohorts: (1) community subjects; and (2) consecutive @entity0 with biopsy proven @entity8 . In the community cohort, hepatic fat was measured by proton-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity9 . @entity2 was defined as @entity1 or @entity4 with villous architecture or high grade @entity5 . RESULTS: @entity8 @entity0 (N=199) had a higher prevalence of @entity9 (34.7% vs 21.5%; p=0.043) and @entity6 (18.6% vs 5.5%; p=0.002) than healthy controls (N=181). Thirteen of 29 (45%) @entity8 @entity0 with @entity6 had @entity3 in the right sided colon. Among @entity0 with biopsy proven @entity8 , @entity0 with @entity10 (N=49) had a higher prevalence of @entity4 (51.0% vs 25.6%; p=0.005) and @entity6 (34.7% vs 14.0%; p=0.011) than those with simple @entity7 (N=86). After adjusting for demographic and metabolic factors, @entity10 remained associated with @entity4 (adjusted OR 4.89, 95% CI 2.04 to 11.70) and @entity6 (OR 5.34, 95% CI 1.92 to 14.84). In contrast, the prevalence of @entity4 and @entity6 was similar between @entity0 with simple @entity7 and control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: @entity10 is associated with a high prevalence of @entity9 and @entity6 . The @entity4 are found more commonly in the right sided colon. @entity2 screening is strongly indicated in this high risk group.

title: High prevalence of @entity2 in XXXX with @entity10 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if clinical data and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores can be used to identify @entity0 at risk for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). DESIGN: Intake surveys using the NOSE, @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and Snore Outcomes Scale (SOS) were administered to new @entity0 visiting a facial plastic surgery practice and a rhinology practice. SETTING: An academic facial plastic surgery practice and an academic rhinology practice. @entity0 : New @entity0 to both practices. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: NOSE score and presence of septal deviation. RESULTS: The odds ratio (OR) for an @entity1 score higher than 10 was 2.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-7.57) when snoring was present; 5.5 (95% CI, 1.35-22.58) when the NOSE score was 10 or higher; and 3.3 (95% CI, 0.98-11.0) when a @entity3 was found on clinical examination. The probability of an elevated @entity1 score was 88% when all 3 factors were present and 56% when the NOSE score was not elevated. Receiver operating characteristic analysis with predictors "snore" and NOSE score of 10 or higher had an area under the curve of 0.72. With a probability cutoff of 0.5, the sensitivity was 30%, and the specificity 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Sinonasal surgery is among the most common outpatient procedures performed in the United States each year. Many @entity0 undergoing sinonasal surgery have undiagnosed @entity2 or @entity4 , a known risk factor for @entity2 . @entity0 with @entity2 have unique perioperative needs. In @entity0 with @entity4 , a @entity3 , and/or snoring, there is an association between the NOSE score and the @entity1 score. The NOSE survey may serve as a simple screening instrument instead of the @entity1 for @entity0 at risk for undiagnosed @entity2 and special perioperative needs.

title: The @entity4 symptom evaluation survey as a screening tool for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine if clinical data and Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scores can be used to identify @entity0 at risk for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). DESIGN: Intake surveys using the NOSE, @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and Snore Outcomes Scale (SOS) were administered to new @entity0 visiting a facial plastic surgery practice and a rhinology practice. SETTING: An academic facial plastic surgery practice and an academic rhinology practice. @entity0 : New @entity0 to both practices. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: NOSE score and presence of septal deviation. RESULTS: The odds ratio (OR) for an @entity1 score higher than 10 was 2.98 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-7.57) when snoring was present; 5.5 (95% CI, 1.35-22.58) when the NOSE score was 10 or higher; and 3.3 (95% CI, 0.98-11.0) when a @entity3 was found on clinical examination. The probability of an elevated @entity1 score was 88% when all 3 factors were present and 56% when the NOSE score was not elevated. Receiver operating characteristic analysis with predictors "snore" and NOSE score of 10 or higher had an area under the curve of 0.72. With a probability cutoff of 0.5, the sensitivity was 30%, and the specificity 90%. CONCLUSIONS: Sinonasal surgery is among the most common outpatient procedures performed in the United States each year. Many @entity0 undergoing sinonasal surgery have undiagnosed @entity2 or @entity4 , a known risk factor for @entity2 . @entity0 with @entity2 have unique perioperative needs. In @entity0 with @entity4 , a @entity3 , and/or snoring, there is an association between the NOSE score and the @entity1 score. The NOSE survey may serve as a simple screening instrument instead of the @entity1 for @entity0 at risk for undiagnosed @entity2 and special perioperative needs.

title: The XXXX symptom evaluation survey as a screening tool for @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Early studies comparing laparoscopic and open operations for @entity4 failed to show any advantages of the laparoscopic approach. Our study compared the 30-day postoperative outcomes of laparoscopic and open sigmoid colectomy for @entity4 by surgeons who had performed 20 or more laparoscopic colectomies before the study period. HYPOTHESIS: @entity0 who undergo an elective laparoscopic operation for @entity4 have @entity2 compared with @entity0 who have a traditional open operation. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis. SETTING: Academic medical center. @entity0 : A total of 249 @entity0 who underwent elective open (n = 127) or laparoscopic (n = 122) sigmoid colectomy with primary @entity1 for @entity4 between July 1, 2001, and February 1, 2008. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Combined rates of free and contained @entity3 . A logistic regression model was used to determine predictors of @entity3 while controlling for significant differences between study groups. RESULTS: @entity0 who underwent laparoscopic or open operations were similar in age, sex, history of diagnosed intraabdominal abscess (9.4% vs 12.3%), and history of preoperative percutaneous abscess drainage (3.9% vs 4.9%). @entity0 who underwent the open procedure had a higher Charlson comorbidity index (1.6 vs 1.2; P = .04), and those who underwent laparoscopy more frequently underwent @entity5 (82.8% vs 26.7%; P < .001). @entity0 who underwent a laparoscopy had lower rates of @entity3 (2.4% vs 8.2%; P = .04). This finding held true on logistic regression analysis (odds ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.008-0.567; P = .01), even when controlling for age, Charlson comorbidity index, @entity5 , and length of resected bowel. CONCLUSION: @entity3 occurred less frequently after laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy performed by experienced laparoscopic colorectal surgeons.

title: Laparoscopy decreases anastomotic leak rate in sigmoid colectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We conducted this study to determine demographic details, and clinical presentations in @entity0 with peripartum @entity2 (PPCMP) of Turkish origin. The study population consisted of 58 @entity0 with PPCMP treated at 3 major hospitals in @entity1 , retrospectively. In this study, demographic details and initial echocardiographic data were recorded and long-term clinical status was evaluated. The mean age for the @entity0 cohort was 31.47        6.31 years. Thirty-eight @entity0 (73.1%) were multigravida and seven @entity0 had multifetal pregnancy (13.7%). The mean follow-up left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction increased from 31        7 to 38        19. A minority of @entity0 were defined as improvers according to our pre-specified criteria. The average survival period after diagnosis of PPCMP was 20.66        14.44 months. Initial values for LV end-diastolic diameter and @entity3 were higher in the deceased @entity0 compared with the surviving @entity0 , respectively. Twenty-eight (48%) @entity0 with PPCMP showed improvement in the follow-up period. Of the 58 PPCMP @entity0 , 9 (15%) died during a mean follow-up of 32        22 months.

title: Peripartum XXXX in @entity1 : Experience of three tertiary centres.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: We conducted this study to determine demographic details, and clinical presentations in @entity0 with peripartum @entity2 (PPCMP) of Turkish origin. The study population consisted of 58 @entity0 with PPCMP treated at 3 major hospitals in @entity1 , retrospectively. In this study, demographic details and initial echocardiographic data were recorded and long-term clinical status was evaluated. The mean age for the @entity0 cohort was 31.47        6.31 years. Thirty-eight @entity0 (73.1%) were multigravida and seven @entity0 had multifetal pregnancy (13.7%). The mean follow-up left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction increased from 31        7 to 38        19. A minority of @entity0 were defined as improvers according to our pre-specified criteria. The average survival period after diagnosis of PPCMP was 20.66        14.44 months. Initial values for LV end-diastolic diameter and @entity3 were higher in the deceased @entity0 compared with the surviving @entity0 , respectively. Twenty-eight (48%) @entity0 with PPCMP showed improvement in the follow-up period. Of the 58 PPCMP @entity0 , 9 (15%) died during a mean follow-up of 32        22 months.

title: Peripartum @entity2 in XXXX : Experience of three tertiary centres.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Systemic administration of cellular interleukin-10 (cIL-10) and gene transfection of viral interleukin-10 (vIL-10) at @entity3 induction @entity1 . Only cIL-10, despite sharing an 84% @entity2 sequence homology with vIL-10, decreases @entity3 through mechanisms yet to be determined. METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity0 ( @entity0 , n99) were studied. Inferior vena caval @entity3 was created by inferior vena caval ligation and the animals were sacrificed and evaluated at days 2 and 6 after ligation. At @entity3 induction groups received intravenous 0.25 microg of cIL-10, 0.25 microg of vIL-10, or saline (untreated controls). Evaluations included @entity3 mass and vein wall leukocyte counts, protein levels, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction mRNA levels of P- and @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity4 . Groups were compared by analysis of variance and t tests. RESULTS: Less @entity3 was noted at both days 2 and 6 in animals treated with cIL-10. At day 2 only, vein wall leukocyte counts revealed a significant decrease in neutrophils in cIL-10 animals versus controls, with no significant differences for vIL-10 animals. In cIL-10-treated animals, P-selectin protein levels were decreased at day 6, along with a decreased @entity3 mass, without significant differences in @entity6 , @entity5 , or @entity4 protein levels. vIL-10 treated animals showed increased @entity6 mRNA and @entity3 mass versus controls on day 6. CONCLUSIONS: cIL-10 is more antithrombotic/anti-inflammatory than vIL-10. This may be the result of cIL-10 decreasing P-selectin protein expression and vIL-10 increasing @entity6 mRNA levels.

title: Cellular XXXX is more effective than viral @entity4 in decreasing venous thrombosis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Systemic administration of cellular interleukin-10 (cIL-10) and gene transfection of viral interleukin-10 (vIL-10) at @entity3 induction @entity1 . Only cIL-10, despite sharing an 84% @entity2 sequence homology with vIL-10, decreases @entity3 through mechanisms yet to be determined. METHODS: C57BL/6 @entity0 ( @entity0 , n99) were studied. Inferior vena caval @entity3 was created by inferior vena caval ligation and the animals were sacrificed and evaluated at days 2 and 6 after ligation. At @entity3 induction groups received intravenous 0.25 microg of cIL-10, 0.25 microg of vIL-10, or saline (untreated controls). Evaluations included @entity3 mass and vein wall leukocyte counts, protein levels, and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction mRNA levels of P- and @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity4 . Groups were compared by analysis of variance and t tests. RESULTS: Less @entity3 was noted at both days 2 and 6 in animals treated with cIL-10. At day 2 only, vein wall leukocyte counts revealed a significant decrease in neutrophils in cIL-10 animals versus controls, with no significant differences for vIL-10 animals. In cIL-10-treated animals, P-selectin protein levels were decreased at day 6, along with a decreased @entity3 mass, without significant differences in @entity6 , @entity5 , or @entity4 protein levels. vIL-10 treated animals showed increased @entity6 mRNA and @entity3 mass versus controls on day 6. CONCLUSIONS: cIL-10 is more antithrombotic/anti-inflammatory than vIL-10. This may be the result of cIL-10 decreasing P-selectin protein expression and vIL-10 increasing @entity6 mRNA levels.

title: Cellular @entity4 is more effective than viral XXXX in decreasing venous thrombosis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is rapidly rising in prevalence. Characterized by either inadequate insulin production or the inability to utilize insulin produced, @entity4 results in elevated blood @entity1 levels. The "gold-standard" in assessing insulin sensitivity is a @entity3 or insulin clamp. In this procedure, insulin is infused at a constant rate resulting in a drop in blood @entity1 . To maintain blood @entity1 at a constant level, exogenous @entity1 (D50) is infused into the venous circulation. The amount of @entity1 infused to maintain homeostasis is indicative of insulin sensitivity. Here, we show the basic clamp procedure in the chronically catheterized, unrestrained, conscious @entity0 . This model allows blood to be collected with minimal stress to the animal. Following the induction of anesthesia, a midline incision is made and the left common carotid artery and right jugular vein are catheterized. Inserted catheters are flushed with heparinized saline, then exteriorized and secured. Animals are allowed to recover for 4-5 days prior to experiments, with @entity2 monitored daily. Only those animals who regain weight to pre-surgery levels are used for experiments. On the day of the experiment, @entity0 are fasted and connected to pumps containing insulin and D50. Baseline @entity1 is assessed from the arterial line and used a benchmark throughout the experiment (euglycemia). Following this, insulin is infused at a constant rate into the venous circulation. To match the drop in blood @entity1 , D50 is infused. If the rate of D50 infusion is greater than the rate of uptake, a rise in @entity1 will occur. Similarly, if the rate is insufficient to match whole body @entity1 uptake, a drop will occur. Titration of @entity1 continues until stable @entity1 readings are achieved. @entity1 levels and @entity1 infusion rates during this stable period are recorded and reported. Results provide an index of whole body insulin sensitivity. The technique can be refined to meet specific experimental requirements. It is further enhanced by the use of radioactive tracers that can determine tissue specific insulin-stimulated @entity1 uptake as well as whole body @entity1 turnover.

title: XXXX in the conscious @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is rapidly rising in prevalence. Characterized by either inadequate insulin production or the inability to utilize insulin produced, @entity4 results in elevated blood @entity1 levels. The "gold-standard" in assessing insulin sensitivity is a @entity3 or insulin clamp. In this procedure, insulin is infused at a constant rate resulting in a drop in blood @entity1 . To maintain blood @entity1 at a constant level, exogenous @entity1 (D50) is infused into the venous circulation. The amount of @entity1 infused to maintain homeostasis is indicative of insulin sensitivity. Here, we show the basic clamp procedure in the chronically catheterized, unrestrained, conscious @entity0 . This model allows blood to be collected with minimal stress to the animal. Following the induction of anesthesia, a midline incision is made and the left common carotid artery and right jugular vein are catheterized. Inserted catheters are flushed with heparinized saline, then exteriorized and secured. Animals are allowed to recover for 4-5 days prior to experiments, with @entity2 monitored daily. Only those animals who regain weight to pre-surgery levels are used for experiments. On the day of the experiment, @entity0 are fasted and connected to pumps containing insulin and D50. Baseline @entity1 is assessed from the arterial line and used a benchmark throughout the experiment (euglycemia). Following this, insulin is infused at a constant rate into the venous circulation. To match the drop in blood @entity1 , D50 is infused. If the rate of D50 infusion is greater than the rate of uptake, a rise in @entity1 will occur. Similarly, if the rate is insufficient to match whole body @entity1 uptake, a drop will occur. Titration of @entity1 continues until stable @entity1 readings are achieved. @entity1 levels and @entity1 infusion rates during this stable period are recorded and reported. Results provide an index of whole body insulin sensitivity. The technique can be refined to meet specific experimental requirements. It is further enhanced by the use of radioactive tracers that can determine tissue specific insulin-stimulated @entity1 uptake as well as whole body @entity1 turnover.

title: @entity3 in the conscious XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We analysed 6549 @entity3 treated between 1992 and 2005 at a specialist hospital in @entity2 to identify risk factors for amputations. There were 2899 (44%) hand amputations. @entity1 were more prone to amputation. The risk of amputation was higher in @entity0 , workers and those in the 15-24 and 45-54 year-old age groups. Compared to home, commercial areas were the places with highest risk, followed by farms and industrial/construction areas. The majority of amputations occurred in industrial/construction areas (87%). Among objects/substances producing injury, watercraft led to the highest risk of amputation and contact with machinery was the mechanism with highest risk. Press machines were the most frequent objects causing amputation both in @entity0 and @entity0 , followed almost equally by powered wood cutters in @entity0 . Doors were the most frequent objects of amputation in @entity0 , followed by powered wood cutters. Education, enforcement, and improved engineering are the keys to prevent amputations. Precluding illegal @entity0 labour is essential.

title: What kinds of XXXX are more likely to result in amputation? An analysis of 6549 @entity3 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We analysed 6549 @entity3 treated between 1992 and 2005 at a specialist hospital in @entity2 to identify risk factors for amputations. There were 2899 (44%) hand amputations. @entity1 were more prone to amputation. The risk of amputation was higher in @entity0 , workers and those in the 15-24 and 45-54 year-old age groups. Compared to home, commercial areas were the places with highest risk, followed by farms and industrial/construction areas. The majority of amputations occurred in industrial/construction areas (87%). Among objects/substances producing injury, watercraft led to the highest risk of amputation and contact with machinery was the mechanism with highest risk. Press machines were the most frequent objects causing amputation both in @entity0 and @entity0 , followed almost equally by powered wood cutters in @entity0 . Doors were the most frequent objects of amputation in @entity0 , followed by powered wood cutters. Education, enforcement, and improved engineering are the keys to prevent amputations. Precluding illegal @entity0 labour is essential.

title: What kinds of @entity3 are more likely to result in amputation? An analysis of 6549 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Variable sensitivity to T-cell-receptor (TCR)- and @entity3 ( @entity3 )-mediated homeostatic signals among na  ve T cells has thus far been largely attributed to differences in TCR specificity. We show here that even when withdrawn from self-peptide-induced TCR stimulation, CD8(+) T cells exhibit heterogeneous responses to @entity2 ( @entity2 ) that are mechanistically associated with @entity3 expression differences that correlate with relative @entity1 expression. Whereas @entity1 (hi) and @entity1 (lo) T cells survive equivalently in the presence of saturating @entity2 levels in vitro, @entity1 (hi) T cells proliferate more robustly. Conversely, @entity1 (lo) T cells exhibit prolonged survival when withdrawn from homeostatic stimuli. Through quantitative experimental analysis of signaling downstream of @entity3 , we find that the enhanced @entity2 responsiveness of @entity1 (hi) T cells is directly related to their greater surface @entity3 expression. Further, we identify a quantitative threshold in @entity3 -mediated signaling capacity required for proliferation that lies well above an analogous threshold requirement for survival. These distinct thresholds allow subtle differences in @entity3 expression between @entity1 (lo) and @entity1 (hi) T cells to give rise to significant variations in their respective @entity2 -induced proliferation, without altering survival. Heterogeneous @entity2 responsiveness is observed similarly in vivo, with @entity1 (hi) na  ve T cells proliferating preferentially in lymphopenic @entity0 or lymphoreplete @entity0 administered with exogenous @entity2 . However, @entity2 in lymphoreplete @entity0 appears to be maintained at an effective level for preserving homeostasis, such that neither @entity1 (hi) @entity3 (hi) nor @entity1 (lo) @entity3 (lo) T cells proliferate or survive preferentially. Our findings indicate that @entity3 -mediated signaling not only maintains the size but also impacts the diversity of the na  ve T-cell repertoire.

title: Signaling thresholds govern heterogeneity in XXXX -mediated responses of na  ve CD8(+) T cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Smoking is a major risk factor for @entity0 with @entity3 , yet the effects of smoking on outcomes of @entity4 with flow-diverter treatment remain unknown. We studied the impact of smoking on long-term angiographic and clinical outcomes after flow-diverter treatment of @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed data from @entity0 treated with the Pipeline Embolization Device and included in the International Retrospective Study of the Pipeline Embolization Device, the Pipeline for Uncoilable or Failed @entity4 Study, and the @entity4 Study of Pipeline in an Observational Registry. @entity0 were stratified according to smoking status into 3 groups: 1) never smoker, 2) current smoker, and 3) former smoker. We studied angiographic and clinical outcomes. Outcomes were compared by using   (2) and Student t tests. A multivariate analysis was performed to determine whether smoking was independently associated with poor outcomes. RESULTS: Six hundred sixteen @entity0 with 694 @entity4 were included. Current smokers had a smaller mean @entity4 size compared with the other 2 groups (P = .005) and lower rates of multiple Pipeline Embolization Device use (P = .015). On multivariate analysis, former smokers (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.43-2.71; P = .57) and current smokers (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.27-1.77; P = .38) had similar odds of long-term angiographic incomplete @entity2 compared with never smokers. Former smokers (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.64-2.52; P = .25) and current smokers (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.37-1.46; P = .22) had similar odds of major morbidity and neurologic mortality compared with never smokers. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that smoking is not associated with angiographic and clinical outcomes among @entity0 treated with the Pipeline Embolization Device. Nonetheless, @entity0 with @entity3 should continue to be counseled about the risks of @entity1 smoking.

title: Smoking Does Not Affect Occlusion Rates and Morbidity-Mortality after Pipeline Embolization for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: We aimed to assess the relationship between @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity1 incidence and whether increased @entity4 would further enlarge the risk of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 in an Inner Mongolian population of China. METHODS: Based on the baseline survey conducted in 2002-2003, a prospective cohort study was conducted among 2547 Mongolian @entity0 from Inner Mongolia, China. @entity4 was calculated by waist circumference (WC) and @entity5 (TG) concentration for @entity0 and @entity0 , respectively. Cox proportional hazards models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the associations between @entity4 , @entity2 , and @entity1 incidence. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, a total of 121 @entity1 events were observed. @entity0 with higher @entity4 were associated with higher risk of @entity1 [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.67; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-2.58] than the @entity0 in the lower @entity4 group. However, no significant dose-response relationship was detected between @entity4 levels and risk of @entity1 (P-trend=0.103). The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that @entity2 with high @entity4 had highest cumulative @entity1 incidence rate (log-rank P    0.001). The multivariate-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of @entity1 for normotensives with high @entity4 , @entity2 with @entity3 , and @entity2 with high @entity4 were 1.80 (0.84-3.89), 2.94 (1.51-5.74), and 4.23 (2.15-8.34), respectively, compared with normotensives with @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that high @entity4 was associated with an increased risk of @entity1 , and @entity2 with high @entity4 had the highest risk of @entity1 among Inner Mongolians. These findings indicate that @entity4 and @entity2 may be valuable to predict and prevent @entity1 incidence.

title: Lipid Accumulation Product and @entity2 Related to XXXX : a 9.2-Year Prospective Study Among Mongolians in China.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: We aimed to assess the relationship between @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity1 incidence and whether increased @entity4 would further enlarge the risk of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 in an Inner Mongolian population of China. METHODS: Based on the baseline survey conducted in 2002-2003, a prospective cohort study was conducted among 2547 Mongolian @entity0 from Inner Mongolia, China. @entity4 was calculated by waist circumference (WC) and @entity5 (TG) concentration for @entity0 and @entity0 , respectively. Cox proportional hazards models and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the associations between @entity4 , @entity2 , and @entity1 incidence. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, a total of 121 @entity1 events were observed. @entity0 with higher @entity4 were associated with higher risk of @entity1 [adjusted hazard ratio (HR), 1.67; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-2.58] than the @entity0 in the lower @entity4 group. However, no significant dose-response relationship was detected between @entity4 levels and risk of @entity1 (P-trend=0.103). The Kaplan-Meier curves showed that @entity2 with high @entity4 had highest cumulative @entity1 incidence rate (log-rank P    0.001). The multivariate-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of @entity1 for normotensives with high @entity4 , @entity2 with @entity3 , and @entity2 with high @entity4 were 1.80 (0.84-3.89), 2.94 (1.51-5.74), and 4.23 (2.15-8.34), respectively, compared with normotensives with @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that high @entity4 was associated with an increased risk of @entity1 , and @entity2 with high @entity4 had the highest risk of @entity1 among Inner Mongolians. These findings indicate that @entity4 and @entity2 may be valuable to predict and prevent @entity1 incidence.

title: Lipid Accumulation Product and XXXX Related to @entity1 : a 9.2-Year Prospective Study Among Mongolians in China.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Biological control of sandflies using entomopathogenic fungi is a possible alternative to the expensive synthetic chemical control. It is potentially sustainable, less hazardous, and relatively inexpensive and merits further investigations. The objective of this study was to identify the most pathogenic fungal isolate(s) to sandflies in the laboratory. METHODS: Isolates of entomopathogenic fungi @entity3 and @entity2 were screened for their pathogenicity against Phlebotomus duboscqi. Adult flies were contaminated using the technique described by Migiro et al (2010). Briefly, flies were exposed to 0.1 g of dry conidia evenly spread on a @entity1 velvet cloth covering the inner side of a cylindrical plastic tube (95 mm long   48 mm diam). In all 25 sandflies were transferred into the cylindrical tube and allowed to walk on the velvet for one minute, after which they were transferred from the velvet into the cages in Perplex. Insects in the control treatments were exposed to fungusfree velvet cloth before being transferred into similar cages. The treatments were maintained at 25    2  C, 60-70% RH and 12L: 12D photoperiod. The experiment was replicated 5 times. The most pathogenic isolates were selected for further studies. RESULTS: A total of 19 isolates were screened against adult sandflies in the laboratory. Mortality in the controls was approximately 16.8    1.7 %. All the isolates were found to be pathogenic to P. duboscqi. Mortality ranged between 76.8 and 100% on all the fungal isolates tested. The lethal time taken to 50% (LT50) and 90% (LT90) mortality ranged from 3.0-7.8 days and from 5.3-16.2 days, respectively. The virulent isolates, causing mortalities of 97.5-100%, were selected for further studies. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSION: The high susceptibility of sandflies to entomopathogenic fungi suggests that fungi are potential alternatives to chemical control methods. We conclude that application of entomopathogenic fungi could result in acute mortalities of sandflies and reduction of parasite transmission and subsequently, reduction of @entity0 risk. This method of biological control has great potential as a new strategy for @entity0 control.

title: Pathogenicity of @entity3 (Metch) Sorok and XXXX (Bals) Vuill to adult Phlebotomus duboscqi (Neveu-Lemaire) in the laboratory.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVES: Biological control of sandflies using entomopathogenic fungi is a possible alternative to the expensive synthetic chemical control. It is potentially sustainable, less hazardous, and relatively inexpensive and merits further investigations. The objective of this study was to identify the most pathogenic fungal isolate(s) to sandflies in the laboratory. METHODS: Isolates of entomopathogenic fungi @entity3 and @entity2 were screened for their pathogenicity against Phlebotomus duboscqi. Adult flies were contaminated using the technique described by Migiro et al (2010). Briefly, flies were exposed to 0.1 g of dry conidia evenly spread on a @entity1 velvet cloth covering the inner side of a cylindrical plastic tube (95 mm long   48 mm diam). In all 25 sandflies were transferred into the cylindrical tube and allowed to walk on the velvet for one minute, after which they were transferred from the velvet into the cages in Perplex. Insects in the control treatments were exposed to fungusfree velvet cloth before being transferred into similar cages. The treatments were maintained at 25    2  C, 60-70% RH and 12L: 12D photoperiod. The experiment was replicated 5 times. The most pathogenic isolates were selected for further studies. RESULTS: A total of 19 isolates were screened against adult sandflies in the laboratory. Mortality in the controls was approximately 16.8    1.7 %. All the isolates were found to be pathogenic to P. duboscqi. Mortality ranged between 76.8 and 100% on all the fungal isolates tested. The lethal time taken to 50% (LT50) and 90% (LT90) mortality ranged from 3.0-7.8 days and from 5.3-16.2 days, respectively. The virulent isolates, causing mortalities of 97.5-100%, were selected for further studies. INTERPRETATION _ CONCLUSION: The high susceptibility of sandflies to entomopathogenic fungi suggests that fungi are potential alternatives to chemical control methods. We conclude that application of entomopathogenic fungi could result in acute mortalities of sandflies and reduction of parasite transmission and subsequently, reduction of @entity0 risk. This method of biological control has great potential as a new strategy for @entity0 control.

title: Pathogenicity of XXXX (Metch) Sorok and @entity2 (Bals) Vuill to adult Phlebotomus duboscqi (Neveu-Lemaire) in the laboratory.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: We analyzed the effect of @entity2 on radial @entity1 (RAO) in @entity0 undergoing transradial catheterization. METHODS: A total of 1706 @entity0 undergoing transradial catheterization were randomized to receive either 500 g intra-arterial @entity2 or placebo at the end of the radial procedure. We explored the gender-based analysis between @entity0 (n=539) and @entity0 (n=1167). The primary outcome was the incidence of RAO as confirmed by absence of antegrade flow at one day after the transradial procedure evaluated by duplex ultrasound of the radial artery. RESULTS: The use of @entity2 , as compared with placebo, did not significantly reduce the risk of RAO in @entity0 @entity0 [odds ratio, 0.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.38 to 1.26; P=0.147]. The risk of RAO was higher in @entity0 age <60years as compared with @entity0 age >= 60years [5.6% vs. 3.5%; odds ratio, 2.16; 95% CI, 1.18 to 3.94; P=0.008]. In @entity0 age <60years (n=237), both counter puncture technique and a duration of hemostasis >= 4h were associated with a similar enhanced risk of developing RAO (odds ratio, 3.51; 95% CI, 1.59 to 7.72; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The administration of @entity2 at the end of a transradial catheterization in @entity0 did not reduce the risk of RAO as determined by ultrasound one day after the radial procedure. Age <60years was associated with a higher risk of RAO compared with age >= 60years in @entity0 . Further strategies to reduce RAO in @entity0 are needed.

title: Post-procedural/pre-hemostasis intra-arterial XXXX after transradial catheterization: A gender based analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: A 73-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital due to a decreased conscious level and a high @entity5 . Six days before her admission, she felt transient @entity6 in her right lower limb. Brain MRI taken by her local doctor revealed only right parietal cortex lesions. She was diagnosed with transient @entity2 attack and started on anti-platelet therapy. One day before her admission, she became drowsy, and left-side weakness developed. She was admitted to a community hospital for treating @entity3 . On the next day, she was referred to our hospital because of a high @entity5 . Our brain MRI showed new lesions in her right temporal lobe. She had no @entity3 risk factors, and embolic sources were not detected. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis detected herpes simplex virus DNA. She was diagnosed with @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity7 is common @entity4 which develops @entity5 , @entity1 and alteration in mental status. It often involves temporal lobe, but extratemporal lesions alone are not uncommon. Diffusion-weighted images (DWI) of brain are of importance to differentiate @entity7 from @entity3 . When it is questionable to diagnose with @entity3 for @entity0 with cerebral cortex lesions, they must be monitored with close observation. There is the possibility of initial presentation of @entity7 in that situation even if @entity0 have no typical symptoms.

title: Herpes simplex XXXX initially presented with parietal cortex lesions mimicking acute ischemic stroke: A case report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Purpose: Reactive @entity2 species (ROS) are generated as an indirect product of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Genetic variation in genes related to ROS metabolism may influence the level of @entity4 -induced adverse effects. We evaluated the potential association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-related response to radiotherapy injury in @entity0 @entity1 undergoing @entity4 . Materials and Methods: Eighty @entity1 receiving conventional @entity4 were included. Acute effects were evaluated according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) scores. DNA was extracted from blood and buccal swab samples. SNPs were genotyped for @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity6 , and @entity7 genes by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Univariate analysis (ORs and 95% CI) and principal component analysis were used for correlation of SNPs and factors related to risk of developing >=  grade 2 acute effects. Results: Sixty-five @entity1 (81.2%) showed side effects, 32 (40%) presented moderate to severe acute @entity3 , and 33 (41.2%) manifested minimal acute skin reactions by the end of treatment. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, nominally signi   cant associations were found among body mass index (OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 8.5338- 1.1274; p= 0.022), breast size (OR, 5.11; 95% CI, 17.04- 1.54; p= 0.004), and grade >= 2 acute radiation @entity3 . A significant association was also observed between @entity7 @entity8 polymorphism (OR, 9.8, 95% CI, 211.6- 0.45; p= 0.041) and grade >= 2 acute radiation @entity3 in @entity1 with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. Conclusion: The analysis of the factors involved in individual radiosensitivity contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying this trait.

title: Polymorphic Variants in Oxidative Stress Genes and Acute XXXX in @entity0 @entity1 Receiving Radiotherapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Purpose: Reactive @entity2 species (ROS) are generated as an indirect product of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Genetic variation in genes related to ROS metabolism may influence the level of @entity4 -induced adverse effects. We evaluated the potential association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-related response to radiotherapy injury in @entity0 @entity1 undergoing @entity4 . Materials and Methods: Eighty @entity1 receiving conventional @entity4 were included. Acute effects were evaluated according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) scores. DNA was extracted from blood and buccal swab samples. SNPs were genotyped for @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity6 , and @entity7 genes by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Univariate analysis (ORs and 95% CI) and principal component analysis were used for correlation of SNPs and factors related to risk of developing >=  grade 2 acute effects. Results: Sixty-five @entity1 (81.2%) showed side effects, 32 (40%) presented moderate to severe acute @entity3 , and 33 (41.2%) manifested minimal acute skin reactions by the end of treatment. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, nominally signi   cant associations were found among body mass index (OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 8.5338- 1.1274; p= 0.022), breast size (OR, 5.11; 95% CI, 17.04- 1.54; p= 0.004), and grade >= 2 acute radiation @entity3 . A significant association was also observed between @entity7 @entity8 polymorphism (OR, 9.8, 95% CI, 211.6- 0.45; p= 0.041) and grade >= 2 acute radiation @entity3 in @entity1 with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. Conclusion: The analysis of the factors involved in individual radiosensitivity contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying this trait.

title: Polymorphic Variants in Oxidative Stress Genes and Acute @entity3 in XXXX @entity1 Receiving Radiotherapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Purpose: Reactive @entity2 species (ROS) are generated as an indirect product of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Genetic variation in genes related to ROS metabolism may influence the level of @entity4 -induced adverse effects. We evaluated the potential association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-related response to radiotherapy injury in @entity0 @entity1 undergoing @entity4 . Materials and Methods: Eighty @entity1 receiving conventional @entity4 were included. Acute effects were evaluated according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) scores. DNA was extracted from blood and buccal swab samples. SNPs were genotyped for @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity6 , and @entity7 genes by polymerase chain reaction-based restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Univariate analysis (ORs and 95% CI) and principal component analysis were used for correlation of SNPs and factors related to risk of developing >=  grade 2 acute effects. Results: Sixty-five @entity1 (81.2%) showed side effects, 32 (40%) presented moderate to severe acute @entity3 , and 33 (41.2%) manifested minimal acute skin reactions by the end of treatment. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, nominally signi   cant associations were found among body mass index (OR, 3.14; 95% CI, 8.5338- 1.1274; p= 0.022), breast size (OR, 5.11; 95% CI, 17.04- 1.54; p= 0.004), and grade >= 2 acute radiation @entity3 . A significant association was also observed between @entity7 @entity8 polymorphism (OR, 9.8, 95% CI, 211.6- 0.45; p= 0.041) and grade >= 2 acute radiation @entity3 in @entity1 with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy treatment. Conclusion: The analysis of the factors involved in individual radiosensitivity contributed to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying this trait.

title: Polymorphic Variants in Oxidative Stress Genes and Acute @entity3 in @entity0 XXXX Receiving Radiotherapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In this study, the feasibility of Integra acellular collagen used as a vascular carrier in skin flap prefabrication was examined. In all, 20 @entity0 were randomly divided into 3 groups. The saphenous vascular bundle was used as the vascular carrier. In group 1 (n = 8), an arteriovenous @entity2 was made by @entity1 of distal saphenous artery and vein. An Integra patch (2   3 cm  ) was placed underneath the vascular bundle. In group 2 (n = 6), an Integra patch was placed on the top of the saphenous vessels, which remained intact. In group 3 (n = 6), an arteriovenous @entity2 was made without Integra implant. Two weeks after the initial management, a skin flap (2   3 cm   in size) was raised and replaced in each group. The survival of the flaps and histology were evaluated at 7 days after flap replacement. The results showed that the average survival area in group 1 was 98%    2%. No flap survival was observed in group 2. The mean survival area in group 3 was 29%    6%. The differences among all 3 groups were significant (P < 0.05). Although the mean survival area in group 3 was significantly lower than that in group 1 (P < 0.001), it was significantly higher than that in group 2. Histology showed that the Integra patch was incorporated into the adjacent connective tissue, and increased amounts of @entity3 were seen between the collagenous sheets and dermis in group 1. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that Integra acellular collagen can incorporate into the adjacent tissue as a vascular carrier and induce angiogenesis in flap prefabrication. This biomaterial can provide a scaffold for supporting and enhancing the survival of a vascular prefabricated skin flap. The results indicate that this material is an ideal biomaterial for flap prefabrication and may be used for this clinical purpose in the future.

title: Integra acellular collagen as a vascular carrier for skin flap prefabrication in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined the effect of @entity3 supplementation plus @entity2 on high-intensity cycling capacity. METHODS: Twenty males (age = 25    5 yr, height = 1.79    0.06 m, body mass = 80.0    10.3 kg) were assigned to either a placebo (P) or a @entity3 (BA; 6.4 g  d(-1) for 4 wk) group based on power max, completing four cycling capacity tests at 110% of power max (CCT110%) to determine time to exhaustion (TTE) and total work done. A CCT(110%) was performed twice (habituation and baseline) before supplementation (with maltodextrin [MD]) and twice after supplementation (with MD and with @entity2 [SB]), using a crossover design with 2 d of rest between trials, creating four study conditions ( @entity4 , PSB, BAMD, and BASB). Blood pH, @entity0 , @entity1 and base excess were determined at baseline, before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 5 min after exercise. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS: TTE was increased in all conditions after supplementation (+1.6% @entity4 , +6.5% PSB, +12.1% BAMD, and +16.2% BASB). Both BAMD and BASB resulted in significantly improved TTE compared with that before supplementation (P  <= 0.01). Although further increases in TTE (4.1%) were shown in BASB compared with BAMD, these differences were not significant (P = 0.74). Differences in total work done were similar to those of TTE. Blood @entity1 concentrations were significantly (P  <= 0.001) elevated before exercise in PSB and BASB but not in @entity4 or BAMD. Blood @entity0 concentrations were significantly elevated after exercise, remaining elevated after 5 min of recovery (P  <= 0.001) and were highest in PSB and BASB. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that BA improved high-intensity cycling capacity. However, despite a 6-s (   4%) increase in TTE with the addition of SB, this did not reach statistical significance, but magnitude-based inferences suggested a    70% probability of a meaningful positive difference.

title: Effect of XXXX plus @entity2 on high-intensity cycling capacity.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: We examined the effect of @entity3 supplementation plus @entity2 on high-intensity cycling capacity. METHODS: Twenty males (age = 25    5 yr, height = 1.79    0.06 m, body mass = 80.0    10.3 kg) were assigned to either a placebo (P) or a @entity3 (BA; 6.4 g  d(-1) for 4 wk) group based on power max, completing four cycling capacity tests at 110% of power max (CCT110%) to determine time to exhaustion (TTE) and total work done. A CCT(110%) was performed twice (habituation and baseline) before supplementation (with maltodextrin [MD]) and twice after supplementation (with MD and with @entity2 [SB]), using a crossover design with 2 d of rest between trials, creating four study conditions ( @entity4 , PSB, BAMD, and BASB). Blood pH, @entity0 , @entity1 and base excess were determined at baseline, before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 5 min after exercise. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA. RESULTS: TTE was increased in all conditions after supplementation (+1.6% @entity4 , +6.5% PSB, +12.1% BAMD, and +16.2% BASB). Both BAMD and BASB resulted in significantly improved TTE compared with that before supplementation (P  <= 0.01). Although further increases in TTE (4.1%) were shown in BASB compared with BAMD, these differences were not significant (P = 0.74). Differences in total work done were similar to those of TTE. Blood @entity1 concentrations were significantly (P  <= 0.001) elevated before exercise in PSB and BASB but not in @entity4 or BAMD. Blood @entity0 concentrations were significantly elevated after exercise, remaining elevated after 5 min of recovery (P  <= 0.001) and were highest in PSB and BASB. CONCLUSIONS: Results show that BA improved high-intensity cycling capacity. However, despite a 6-s (   4%) increase in TTE with the addition of SB, this did not reach statistical significance, but magnitude-based inferences suggested a    70% probability of a meaningful positive difference.

title: Effect of @entity3 plus XXXX on high-intensity cycling capacity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A systemically well 66-year-old white Caucasian @entity0 presented to the urgent care department with a short history of progressive @entity2 in his left eye. He denied a history of @entity1 , intraocular surgery or use of illicit drugs. He was diagnosed with @entity5 . Vitreous biopsy grew @entity6 , a Gram negative bacteria. In spite of extensive investigation, there was no obvious source of @entity3 . He had an indwelling urine catheter for @entity4 , but urine culture was negative. There was no evidence of immunocompromise. He was treated with systemic as well as intravitreal antibiotics. In spite of appropriate treatment, the @entity0 lost vision. @entity6 @entity5 , seen even in immunocompetent @entity0 , carries a poor visual prognosis.

title: @entity6 XXXX in an immunocompetent host.

answer: @entity5


abstract: A systemically well 66-year-old white Caucasian @entity0 presented to the urgent care department with a short history of progressive @entity2 in his left eye. He denied a history of @entity1 , intraocular surgery or use of illicit drugs. He was diagnosed with @entity5 . Vitreous biopsy grew @entity6 , a Gram negative bacteria. In spite of extensive investigation, there was no obvious source of @entity3 . He had an indwelling urine catheter for @entity4 , but urine culture was negative. There was no evidence of immunocompromise. He was treated with systemic as well as intravitreal antibiotics. In spite of appropriate treatment, the @entity0 lost vision. @entity6 @entity5 , seen even in immunocompetent @entity0 , carries a poor visual prognosis.

title: XXXX @entity5 in an immunocompetent host.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Urinary lithiases have been a major urological problem. The objective was to determine the out come of treatment for @entity0 with calculus @entity4 . METHODS: A descriptive study was conducted at Department of Urology Chandka Medical College Hospital, Larkana from March 2007 to April 2009. All @entity0 with a diagnosis of calculus @entity4 of all ages and either sex were included in the study. Detailed history, physical examination and examination of genitourinary tract was performed. Investigations included complete blood examination, blood @entity3 , serum @entity2 , ultrasonography of KUB area, and X-Ray KUB. RESULTS: Among the 66 @entity0 the cause of @entity4 was bilateral obstruction by the calculi in 46 cases, @entity5 with small/absent/nephrectomised contralateral kidney in 20 cases. In most of the cases, ureteric catheterisation was done to relieve the obstruction. Five deaths were observed, despite emergency urinary diversion and appropriate treatment. CONCLUSION: Calculus @entity4 is a urological emergency. Prompt and early intervention can save the life of @entity0 and prevent to develop @entity1 .

title: Calculus XXXX and its remedy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A 33-year-old healthy Latina (from either Mexico or Central America) @entity0 with Fitzpatrick type V skin complained of a 2-year history of progressive @entity4 on the axillary folds, dorsal hands, @entity1 , and lower abdomen. There was no preceding @entity3 . The lesions were asymptomatic. She did not use any prescription or over-the-counter drugs or any herbal supplements. She denied contact with any new substances and did not start any new activities. A full review of systems was negative. Physical examination revealed diffuse symmetric gray patches on the proximal arms radiating from the axillary folds with extension onto the trunk (Figure 1). This discoloration was also present on the dorsal hands (Figure 2), upper neck and jawline, and lower abdomen. The lesions were nonpalpable and without erythema. Thyroid function test results and morning @entity2 levels were normal. Two adjacent 4-mm punch biopsies were performed on the right axillary skin, one consisted of unaffected skin and one of hyperpigmented skin. Figure 3 shows affected axillary skin with an interface @entity3 and significant pigment dropout. There was no evidence of depositional process of substances such as heavy metals, drugs, or tattoo. There was no evidence of an actinic process. Differential diagnosis included @entity5 ( @entity5 ), fixed-drug reaction, or interface drug reaction. As the @entity0 was not taking any medications, the overall clinical and histologic impression was most consistent with @entity5 . The @entity0 was started on a low-potency topical steroid twice a day to the affected areas. In addition, because the @entity0 was concerned about the cosmetic appearance of the @entity4 , a 4% @entity6 cream was started twice daily to the neck area.

title: A case of Cinderella: XXXX (ashy dermatosis or dermatosis cinecienta).

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The aim of the present paper is to compare the clinicopathologic features of perforated @entity2 and the effect of surgical intervention. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-seven @entity0 with perforated @entity2 underwent surgical intervention in one medical center and were retrospectively reviewed. The clinicopathologic features included age, sex, surgical treatment, @entity3 , @entity1 stage, and @entity1 characteristics. The end point of the study was compared to the survival of different treatments. @entity0 with @entity2 without perforation were enrolled randomly in a ratio of 1: 4 to compare the clinical features and long-term outcomes. RESULTS: All @entity0 underwent emergency surgical intervention, including gastrectomy in 17 @entity0 , and simple closure of the perforation in 10 cases. There were no significant differences in the @entity0 ' characteristics except @entity1 status and staging (p = 0.008 and p < 0.001, respectively). The surgical mortality was also higher in those @entity0 who underwent simple closure (40% mortality rate, p = 0.047). The clinical features of 16 @entity0 with perforated @entity2 were compared to those of 64 @entity0 with @entity2 without perforation. The survival rate was not significantly different in these 2 groups and the median survival time was 17.3 months (p = 0.184). However, @entity3 depth was significantly greater in @entity0 with perforation and 10 cases (62.5%) had layer of serosa involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Perforated @entity2 usually represented at advanced stages; but gastrectomy offered a better clinical outcome. The long-term outcome in @entity0 with perforated @entity2 was not inferior compared to those with @entity2 without perforation.

title: Outcome of perforated XXXX : twenty years experience of one institute.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the accuracy and sensitivity of a single-field non-mydriatic digital fundus image interpreted by an ophthalmologist and performed within a primary care setting. @entity0 AND METHODS: Fundus photography using a digital non-mydriatic camera was performed on both eyes of 1,175 consecutive @entity0 as part of an executive health program. All fundus images included a 45   field of the posterior pole capturing the optic nerve and macular area. Diagnostic findings were recorded and appropriate recommendations for follow-up were made. @entity0 were then contacted to see whether appropriate follow-up was successfully completed and chart reviews were performed to determine biomicroscopic findings. RESULTS: Photographs were adequate in both eyes in 1,117 @entity0 (95.1%). Examination findings were normal in both eyes in 951 (85.1%) @entity0 . Abnormal findings were noted in either eye in 166 (14.9%) @entity0 . The most common abnormal findings were @entity3 (57/166, 34.3%), @entity4 (45/166, 27.1%), @entity1 (15/166, 9.0%), and @entity5 (10/166, 6.0%). In all @entity0 with abnormal findings, routine follow-up ophthalmologic examination with an eye care specialist was indicated and none of the @entity0 required urgent attention. Sensitivity was found to be 87% and stratification was performed based on the initial diagnosis. False-positive results were from confounding diagnoses rather than true false-positives. CONCLUSION: Single-field non-mydriatic fundus photography is accurate and sensitive for screening @entity2 in a primary care setting.

title: Non-mydriatic single-field fundus photography for the screening of XXXX in an executive health clinic.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is a well-known condition in late childhood characterized by @entity1 over the tibial tubercle. This condition usually resolves spontaneously at skeletal maturity. Few @entity0 develop @entity1 over the tibial tubercle. Radiological examination demonstrates a round regular ossification over the tubercle. Treatment is usually symptomatic, but occasionally surgical treatment is necessary, usually due to the development of a painful ossicle. This article reports our experience with refractory @entity2 in 22 @entity0 . Most @entity0 were operated under local anesthesia. A midline longitudinal skin incision was used, followed by subperiosteal dissection of the osseous fragment. The knee was put in soft dressing. @entity0 were encouraged to resume daily activity immediately postoperatively. No wound complications were noted. All @entity0 returned to their previous level of physical activity within 12 weeks postoperatively. All but 1 were free of @entity1 on kneeling or direct pressure over the knee joint. Based on our experience, we devised a treatment algorithm. We believe that the key factors for successful surgical treatment are clear visualization of separation on lateral knee radiographic view and a clinical mobility positive test (firm grasping of the prominent part of the tubercle and its sliding movement). Our results are uniformly good; the only failure related to mistaken inclusion criteria where the lateral radiograph did not show a distinctly separated fragment.

title: Surgical treatment of residual XXXX in young adults: role of the mobile osseous fragment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is an inherited clinical condition with increased joint elasticity in passive movements. In the general population, its frequency, which can be estimated through specific methods, such as the nine-point Beighton @entity1 score (Beighton score) and the self-reported five-part questionnaire for identifying @entity1 (five-part questionnaire), ranges from 10% to 20%. OBJECTIVES: To validate the Portuguese version of the five-part questionnaire and to determine its sensitivity and specificity when compared with the Beighton score for diagnosing @entity2 . METHODS: The five-part questionnaire for identifying @entity1 was translated into Portuguese and applied to 2,523 Brazilian university students. Then, a sample with 394 randomly selected students was evaluated by use of the Beighton score, aiming at establishing the @entity2 diagnosis. Finally, the two methods were statistically compared. RESULTS: The @entity2 frequency was 37.01% when using the five-part questionnaire, and 34% when using the Beighton score. Considering sex, the @entity2 frequencies according to the five-part questionnaire and Beighton score were 43.54% and 44.26% in females, and 28.44% and 16% in males, respectively. The sensitivity of the self-reported questionnaire was 70.9% and its specificity was 77.4%, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.786. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 is frequent in Brazilian university students, and more common in @entity0 . The self-reported five-part questionnaire for @entity2 identification, translated into Portuguese and validated, was an effective method when compared with the Beighton score for identifying @entity2 .

title: Translation into Brazilian Portuguese and validation of the five-part questionnaire for identifying XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 on active surveillance for clinical stage I @entity2 ( @entity2 ) undergo frequent computed tomography imaging to avoid delayed detection of disease. Irradiation from frequent imaging and chemotherapy upon progression may place @entity0 at increased risk of a second @entity1 . In this study, the authors sought to identify such an increased risk among @entity0 who chose initial surveillance for @entity2 . METHODS: The authors utilized data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program and stratified the cohort based on whether they underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). A propensity-score model was used to adjust for covariates, and a competing-risks regression analysis was performed to estimate cumulative incidence rates of second @entity1 . Incidence risk ratios were predicted by using the cumulative incidence rates per 10,000 @entity0 . RESULTS: There was no statistically significant increase in the incidence of a secondary @entity1 for the entire cohort of testicular @entity1 survivors. However, when the analysis was restricted to @entity0 with clinical stage I @entity2 , nonsurgical management only in those aged >45 years was an independent predictor of developing a second @entity1 . For every 10,000 @entity0 with stage I @entity2 who chose to forego RPLND, an absolute excess incidence of 22, 52, and 73 secondary @entity1 would be diagnosed at 5 years, 10 years, and 15 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicated that @entity0 aged >45 years who forego RPLND for T1 or T2 clinical stage I @entity2 are more likely to develop a second @entity1 than those who do undergo RPLND. Nonsurgical management of @entity2 may be associated with more long-term health risks than primary RPLND.

title: XXXX among @entity1 survivors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 on active surveillance for clinical stage I @entity2 ( @entity2 ) undergo frequent computed tomography imaging to avoid delayed detection of disease. Irradiation from frequent imaging and chemotherapy upon progression may place @entity0 at increased risk of a second @entity1 . In this study, the authors sought to identify such an increased risk among @entity0 who chose initial surveillance for @entity2 . METHODS: The authors utilized data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program and stratified the cohort based on whether they underwent retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). A propensity-score model was used to adjust for covariates, and a competing-risks regression analysis was performed to estimate cumulative incidence rates of second @entity1 . Incidence risk ratios were predicted by using the cumulative incidence rates per 10,000 @entity0 . RESULTS: There was no statistically significant increase in the incidence of a secondary @entity1 for the entire cohort of testicular @entity1 survivors. However, when the analysis was restricted to @entity0 with clinical stage I @entity2 , nonsurgical management only in those aged >45 years was an independent predictor of developing a second @entity1 . For every 10,000 @entity0 with stage I @entity2 who chose to forego RPLND, an absolute excess incidence of 22, 52, and 73 secondary @entity1 would be diagnosed at 5 years, 10 years, and 15 years, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicated that @entity0 aged >45 years who forego RPLND for T1 or T2 clinical stage I @entity2 are more likely to develop a second @entity1 than those who do undergo RPLND. Nonsurgical management of @entity2 may be associated with more long-term health risks than primary RPLND.

title: @entity1 among XXXX survivors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The underlying pathology of @entity4 is cellular and vascular damage followed by increased @entity2 and @entity0 . This study was to determine if neovascular-promoting therapy could reduce the pathological changes in the bladder wall associated with pelvic irradiation. METHODS: Adult female Lewis inbred @entity1 were irradiated with a single dose of 20 Gy directed at their bladder. Four weeks later, 30 @entity1 were divided equally into one of three treatment groups for bladder wall injection of: (1) PBS (Control); (2) PBS containing 50 ng vascular endothelial growth factor ( @entity6 (165)); or (3) PBS containing 1   10(6) @entity1 endothelial cells (EC). Age-matched non-irradiated @entity1 (n = 10) served as untreated controls. At either 1.5 or 3 months following radiation, bladders were analyzed for collagen deposition using Masson's Trichrome staining of collagen and muscle and vascularization using @entity5 factor staining of ECs. Quantitative-PCR was used to examine markers of angiogenesis, @entity3 , and @entity2 . RESULTS: The collagen/muscle ratio was doubled in the control group 3 months post-irradiation (P < 0.05 vs. non-irradiated bladders). Both ECs and @entity6 inhibited increases in collagen content (P < 0.05 vs. control). Similarly, irradiation reduced bladder wall vessel counts compared to non-irradiated controls (P < 0.05) and both ECs and @entity6 maintained vessel counts similar to that of non-irradiated controls (P < 0.05). PCR analysis showed a higher expression of neovascular markers ( @entity8 , @entity7 ) in the EC and @entity6 groups compared to non-irradiated controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Angiogenesis therapy may be useful in the prevention and/or treatment of the underlying pathology of @entity4 .

title: Vascular therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of intra-articular platelet-rich plasma ( @entity7 ) injections has been evaluated in knee chondroplasty and @entity4 ( @entity4 ); however, little evidence of its efficacy in @entity3 exists. PURPOSE: To compare the therapeutic efficacy of autologous @entity7 , @entity6 ( @entity6 ), or a combination of both ( @entity7 + @entity6 ) in @entity3 . STUDY DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. METHODS: @entity0 aged between 18 and 65 years who were treated with outpatient surgery and who had @entity3 and @entity2 intensity at baseline of >20 on a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) were recruited for this study. Exclusion criteria were extensive surgery; presence of @entity1 . The primary outcome measure was a change in @entity2 intensity as assessed by the VAS at 2, 6, and 12 months after treatment. Secondary outcome measures were the Harris Hip Score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity4 Index (WOMAC), and concentration of growth factors in @entity7 and their correlation with clinical outcomes. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by assessors and collectors blinded to the type of treatment administered. RESULTS: A total of 111 @entity0 were randomly assigned to 3 groups and received 3 weekly injections of either @entity7 (44 @entity0 ), @entity7 + @entity6 (31 @entity0 ), or @entity6 (36 @entity0 ). At all follow-ups, the @entity7 group had the lowest VAS scores. In particular, at 6-month follow-up, the mean VAS score was 21 (95% CI, 15-28) in the @entity7 group, 35 (95% CI, 26-45) in the @entity7 + @entity6 group, and 44 (95% CI, 36-52) in the @entity6 group (P < .0005 [ @entity7 vs @entity6 ] and P = .007 [ @entity7 vs @entity7 + @entity6 ]; F = 0.663). The WOMAC score of the @entity7 group was significantly better at 2-month follow-up (mean, 73; 95% CI, 68-78) and 6-month follow-up (mean, 72; 95% CI, 67-76) but not at 12-month follow-up. A significant, "moderate" correlation was found between @entity5 and variations of the VAS score (r = 0.392; P = .040). Significant improvements were achieved in @entity2 and ameliorating quality of life and functional recovery. CONCLUSION: Results indicated that intra-articular @entity7 injections offer a significant clinical improvement in @entity0 with @entity3 without relevant side effects. The benefit was significantly more stable up to 12 months as compared with the other tested treatments. The addition of @entity7 + @entity6 did not lead to a significant improvement in @entity2 symptoms.

title: Ultrasound-Guided Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Hyaluronic Acid, Separately and in Combination, for XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lesogaberan ( @entity3 ) is a novel reflux inhibitor developed as an add-on treatment to proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for symptom relief in @entity0 with @entity1 who have a partial response to PPI therapy. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of lesogaberan in healthy subjects after single oral and intravenous administration of @entity2 -labeled lesogaberan and non- @entity2 -labeled lesogaberan. STUDY DESIGN: This was an open-label, single-center, randomized, two-way crossover, phase I study. @entity0 : Ten healthy male subjects took part in the study. INTERVENTION: Volunteers were randomized to receive a single dose of either orally dosed (100   mg) or intravenously infused (20   mg) non- @entity2 -labeled lesogaberan, and then orally (100   mg) or intravenously (20   mg) administered @entity2 -labeled lesogaberan in a crossover design. Treatment periods were separated by a washout period of at least 7 days. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Analyses of the rate and route of excretion, dose recovery, area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC), AUC to the last quantifiable concentration, maximal plasma concentration (C(max)), time to C(max), the apparent elimination half-life, bioavailability, total clearance, renal clearance, fraction of the bioavailable dose excreted unchanged in the urine, cumulative amount of drug excreted unchanged in urine, and the apparent volume of distribution at steady state of lesogaberan. RESULTS: @entity3 was rapidly and extensively absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and C(max) was achieved within 1-2 hours of oral dosing. The terminal half-life of lesogaberan was between 11 and 13 hours. Renal clearance accounted for approximately 22% of total body clearance. Based on the recovery of administered radioactivity, approximately 84% of the dose was excreted into the urine either as the parent compound or as water-soluble metabolite(s). There were no safety concerns raised during the study. CONCLUSION: Orally administered @entity3 is rapidly absorbed with high bioavailability and the majority of the dose is excreted by the kidneys either as the parent compound or as metabolites. The major elimination pathway for lesogaberan in @entity0 is metabolism.

title: Pharmacokinetic profile of lesogaberan ( XXXX ) in healthy subjects: a novel GABA(B)-receptor agonist reflux inhibitor.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: A plethora of studies have described repair of @entity1 in @entity0 , but only few reports have described this repair in adults. The purpose of this study was to review our 30-year experience with surgical repair of @entity1 in adults. METHODS: A retrospective review of all adult @entity0 (> 16 years old) who underwent repair of congenital @entity1 from 1971 through 2001. RESULTS: There were 77 @entity0 , 64 @entity0 and 13 @entity0 . Sixty-eight @entity0 underwent surgery for @entity8 and 9 for pectus carinatum; median age was 22 years old (range, 16 to 68 years old). Indication for repair was medical concerns in all @entity0 . Preoperative symptoms were @entity7 on exertion in 43 @entity0 , @entity7 at rest in 22 @entity0 , @entity4 in 8 @entity0 , and palpitations in 8 @entity0 . Preoperative electrocardiogram findings included @entity5 in 9 @entity0 , sinus @entity6 in 8 @entity0 , @entity9 in 6 @entity0 , and right @entity3 in 5 @entity0 . Patterns of the pectus defect were symmetric and localized in 29 @entity0 , symmetric and diffuse in 21, asymmetric and localized in 18, and asymmetric and diffuse in 9 @entity0 . Intraoperative classifications were severe in 38 @entity0 , moderate in 33 @entity0 , and mild in 6 @entity0 . There were no operative deaths. Complications occurred in 11 @entity0 (14.3%). Mean hospital stay was 4 days (range, 2 to 8 days). Mean follow-up was 12 +/- 7 years (range, 4 months old to 24 years old); 1 @entity0 (1.3%) required reoperation for recurrent @entity8 . @entity0 satisfaction and relief of medical symptoms was excellent in 70 @entity0 (90.9%), good in 6 @entity0 , and fair in 1 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Repair of @entity2 of the sternum in adults can be performed safely with low morbidity and no mortality. Long-term results are excellent with requirement for reoperation rare.

title: Thirty-year experience with repair of XXXX in adults.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Although both radiation therapy and chemotherapy are frequently used to treat @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 , the role of radiation therapy remains controversial with data evaluating its efficacy mostly derived from small randomized trials. In this study, we evaluate the survival benefit of radiation therapy using SEER dataset in @entity0 with @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The SEER Registry dataset from 2004 to 2011 was queried to identify @entity2 (TNM stage III) @entity0 . @entity0 with survival <2 months, unknown radiation status, or who received postoperative radiation were excluded. Multivariate analyses of prognostic factors related to survival were performed using a Cox proportional hazard-regression model. Propensity scores were estimated using probit regression. RESULTS: Our search identified 4460 @entity0 ; 59% who received radiation and 41% who did not. Radiation group @entity0 were younger (below 65 y old: 49% vs. 38%), had smaller @entity1 size (largest dimension <4.5 cm: 80% vs. 75%), less lymph node involvement (33% vs. 36%), and lower rate of surgical resection (4% vs. 9%). @entity0 who received radiation therapy had better survival (HR=0.773; 95% CI, 0.687-0.782). The 12-month overall survival in the radiation group and nonradiation group was 43% versus 29%, respectively (P<0.001). On multivariate analyses, radiation was independently associated with improved outcomes. The survival benefit with radiation was observed in propensity score-matched cohort. CONCLUSIONS: Radiation therapy was associated with improved survival. Prospective randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings. The optimal schedule and radiation type remain undetermined.

title: Use of Radiation Therapy in Locally Advanced XXXX Improves Survival: A SEER Database Analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Thalamic @entity3 are associated with a variety of @entity1 , and it is well known that such cognitive changes constitute a limiting factor of recovery of the activities of daily living (ADL). The relationship between @entity1 and @entity4 is unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between @entity5 /neglect and @entity4 volume, @entity4 type, and the ADL. One hundred fifteen @entity0 with @entity3 (70 @entity0 and 45 @entity0 ) were studied. Their mean age was 68.9      10.3  years, and @entity0 with both @entity2 were included. We calculated @entity4 volume and examined the presence or absence of @entity5 /neglect and the relationships between these dysfunctions and @entity4 volume, @entity4 type, and the ADL. Fifty-nine @entity0 were found to have @entity5 and 35 were found to have neglect. Although there was no relationship between @entity4 type and @entity1 , @entity4 volume showed a correlation with the severity of @entity1 . The ADL score and ratio of @entity0 discharge for @entity0 with @entity5 /neglect were lower than those for @entity0 without @entity5 /neglect. We observed a correlation between the @entity4 volume in @entity3 and @entity1 . @entity5 /neglect is found frequently in @entity0 with @entity3 and may influence the ADL.

title: XXXX and unilateral spatial neglect due to @entity3 : clinical correlations and outcomes.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Thalamic @entity3 are associated with a variety of @entity1 , and it is well known that such cognitive changes constitute a limiting factor of recovery of the activities of daily living (ADL). The relationship between @entity1 and @entity4 is unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between @entity5 /neglect and @entity4 volume, @entity4 type, and the ADL. One hundred fifteen @entity0 with @entity3 (70 @entity0 and 45 @entity0 ) were studied. Their mean age was 68.9      10.3  years, and @entity0 with both @entity2 were included. We calculated @entity4 volume and examined the presence or absence of @entity5 /neglect and the relationships between these dysfunctions and @entity4 volume, @entity4 type, and the ADL. Fifty-nine @entity0 were found to have @entity5 and 35 were found to have neglect. Although there was no relationship between @entity4 type and @entity1 , @entity4 volume showed a correlation with the severity of @entity1 . The ADL score and ratio of @entity0 discharge for @entity0 with @entity5 /neglect were lower than those for @entity0 without @entity5 /neglect. We observed a correlation between the @entity4 volume in @entity3 and @entity1 . @entity5 /neglect is found frequently in @entity0 with @entity3 and may influence the ADL.

title: @entity5 and unilateral spatial neglect due to XXXX : clinical correlations and outcomes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The association between @entity1 and @entity2 (IFTA) and the clinical outcomes in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) remains unclear. This study is to evaluate the clinical predictors and renal prognosis of IFTA score in @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: 52 cases with @entity6 with renal biopsy were divided into three groups according to IFTA score. The   (2) test or Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Spearman's correlation analysis were used in this subject. Ordinal regression mode was utilized to evaluate which clinical factors might be the predictors of IFTA score. RESULTS: Compared to IFTA score 1 group, the @entity0 in score 3 were younger and have greatly lower level of @entity4 and hemoglobin and higher serum @entity5 (p<0.01). A close relationship between the clinical findings and IFTA was observed, such as IFTA with @entity4 (r=-0.58, P<0.01), @entity3 (r=-0.29, P=0.04), Hb (r=-0.38, P<0.01), systolic blood pressure (r=0.29, P=0.04) and urinary protein level (r=0.46, P<0.01); in addition, @entity4 (OR 0.31 (95%Cl -1.883 to -0.485) p=0.001) showed statistical significance with IFTA. The 5-year renal survival rate was estimated as 100% in IFTA score 0, 88.9% in score 1, 76.9% in score 2, and 20.0% in score 3. Furthermore, greatly lower level of @entity4 , and higher serum @entity5 and BUN in the glomerular class IV were seen (p<0.01 vs class II), with positive correlation with IFTA (r=0.51, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The renal pathologic diagnosis in IFTA score was a good predictor for renal prognosis in @entity7 . @entity4 might be a predictor of IFTA in @entity0 with @entity6 .

title: Validation of the XXXX and @entity2 on the new pathological classification in @entity0 with @entity6 : A single-center study in China.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The association between @entity1 and @entity2 (IFTA) and the clinical outcomes in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) remains unclear. This study is to evaluate the clinical predictors and renal prognosis of IFTA score in @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: 52 cases with @entity6 with renal biopsy were divided into three groups according to IFTA score. The   (2) test or Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Spearman's correlation analysis were used in this subject. Ordinal regression mode was utilized to evaluate which clinical factors might be the predictors of IFTA score. RESULTS: Compared to IFTA score 1 group, the @entity0 in score 3 were younger and have greatly lower level of @entity4 and hemoglobin and higher serum @entity5 (p<0.01). A close relationship between the clinical findings and IFTA was observed, such as IFTA with @entity4 (r=-0.58, P<0.01), @entity3 (r=-0.29, P=0.04), Hb (r=-0.38, P<0.01), systolic blood pressure (r=0.29, P=0.04) and urinary protein level (r=0.46, P<0.01); in addition, @entity4 (OR 0.31 (95%Cl -1.883 to -0.485) p=0.001) showed statistical significance with IFTA. The 5-year renal survival rate was estimated as 100% in IFTA score 0, 88.9% in score 1, 76.9% in score 2, and 20.0% in score 3. Furthermore, greatly lower level of @entity4 , and higher serum @entity5 and BUN in the glomerular class IV were seen (p<0.01 vs class II), with positive correlation with IFTA (r=0.51, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The renal pathologic diagnosis in IFTA score was a good predictor for renal prognosis in @entity7 . @entity4 might be a predictor of IFTA in @entity0 with @entity6 .

title: Validation of the @entity1 and XXXX on the new pathological classification in @entity0 with @entity6 : A single-center study in China.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The association between @entity1 and @entity2 (IFTA) and the clinical outcomes in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) remains unclear. This study is to evaluate the clinical predictors and renal prognosis of IFTA score in @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: 52 cases with @entity6 with renal biopsy were divided into three groups according to IFTA score. The   (2) test or Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Spearman's correlation analysis were used in this subject. Ordinal regression mode was utilized to evaluate which clinical factors might be the predictors of IFTA score. RESULTS: Compared to IFTA score 1 group, the @entity0 in score 3 were younger and have greatly lower level of @entity4 and hemoglobin and higher serum @entity5 (p<0.01). A close relationship between the clinical findings and IFTA was observed, such as IFTA with @entity4 (r=-0.58, P<0.01), @entity3 (r=-0.29, P=0.04), Hb (r=-0.38, P<0.01), systolic blood pressure (r=0.29, P=0.04) and urinary protein level (r=0.46, P<0.01); in addition, @entity4 (OR 0.31 (95%Cl -1.883 to -0.485) p=0.001) showed statistical significance with IFTA. The 5-year renal survival rate was estimated as 100% in IFTA score 0, 88.9% in score 1, 76.9% in score 2, and 20.0% in score 3. Furthermore, greatly lower level of @entity4 , and higher serum @entity5 and BUN in the glomerular class IV were seen (p<0.01 vs class II), with positive correlation with IFTA (r=0.51, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The renal pathologic diagnosis in IFTA score was a good predictor for renal prognosis in @entity7 . @entity4 might be a predictor of IFTA in @entity0 with @entity6 .

title: Validation of the @entity1 and @entity2 on the new pathological classification in @entity0 with XXXX : A single-center study in China.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The association between @entity1 and @entity2 (IFTA) and the clinical outcomes in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) remains unclear. This study is to evaluate the clinical predictors and renal prognosis of IFTA score in @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: 52 cases with @entity6 with renal biopsy were divided into three groups according to IFTA score. The   (2) test or Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Kruskal-Wallis H-test and Spearman's correlation analysis were used in this subject. Ordinal regression mode was utilized to evaluate which clinical factors might be the predictors of IFTA score. RESULTS: Compared to IFTA score 1 group, the @entity0 in score 3 were younger and have greatly lower level of @entity4 and hemoglobin and higher serum @entity5 (p<0.01). A close relationship between the clinical findings and IFTA was observed, such as IFTA with @entity4 (r=-0.58, P<0.01), @entity3 (r=-0.29, P=0.04), Hb (r=-0.38, P<0.01), systolic blood pressure (r=0.29, P=0.04) and urinary protein level (r=0.46, P<0.01); in addition, @entity4 (OR 0.31 (95%Cl -1.883 to -0.485) p=0.001) showed statistical significance with IFTA. The 5-year renal survival rate was estimated as 100% in IFTA score 0, 88.9% in score 1, 76.9% in score 2, and 20.0% in score 3. Furthermore, greatly lower level of @entity4 , and higher serum @entity5 and BUN in the glomerular class IV were seen (p<0.01 vs class II), with positive correlation with IFTA (r=0.51, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The renal pathologic diagnosis in IFTA score was a good predictor for renal prognosis in @entity7 . @entity4 might be a predictor of IFTA in @entity0 with @entity6 .

title: Validation of the @entity1 and @entity2 on the new pathological classification in XXXX with @entity6 : A single-center study in China.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate long-term safety and efficacy of iStent trabecular micro-bypass stent implantation during @entity1 surgery in @entity0 with primary open-angle, @entity5 , @entity4 , or secondary or post-traumatic @entity3 . SETTING: AaM Augenklinik am Marienplatz, Munich, Germany. DESIGN: Prospective, open-label, non-randomized study. METHODS: Preoperative and postoperative evaluations included intra-ocular pressure (IOP), @entity2 medication use, cup/disc ratio, corrected-distance visual acuity (CDVA), complications, and adverse events. RESULTS: A single trabecular micro-bypass stent was implanted through the same temporal, limbal incision used for @entity1 surgery via phacoemulsification in a consecutive series of 62 eyes of 43 @entity0 . To date, a total of 41 eyes have been followed for 3  years postoperatively, whereas long-term postoperative follow-up on the remaining @entity0 is ongoing. Mean preoperative IOP was 24.1      6.9 mm Hg on a mean of 1.8 medications (  0.9). Analyses of eyes with no secondary surgical intervention showed mean IOP reduction to 14.8      4.2 mm Hg at 12  months (n  =  61), 14.5      2.2 mm Hg at 24  months (n  =  42), and 14.9      2.3 mm Hg at 36  months (n  =  39). Medications were eliminated in 74% of eyes at 36  months. Five eyes, 4 with previous @entity3 surgeries and 1 with @entity5 , required additional @entity3 surgery after stent implantation. No intra-operative or postoperative complications typically seen with conventional @entity3 surgeries occurred after stent implantation. At 36  months, CDVA was 20/40 or better in 38 eyes (93%). CONCLUSION: Trabecular micro-bypass stent implantation during @entity1 surgery was safe and effective in @entity0 with @entity4 or @entity3 as measured by a sustained reduction in IOP and medication use and an excellent safety profile through 3  years after surgery. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES: Dr. Neuhann has no financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. Glaukos Corp. provided editorial assistance in the preparation of the manuscript.

title: Trabecular micro-bypass stent implantation during small-incision @entity1 surgery for open-angle glaucoma or XXXX : Long-term results.

answer: @entity4