abstract: BACKGROUND: Basal-like @entity0 often are regarded for circumscribed solitary lesions having unfavorable prognosis. On the other hand, a considerable proportion of @entity0 is multifocal and has increased metastatic potential. In this study, we analyzed the subgross distribution of the lesions in a @entity4 , compared it with that in nonbasal-like @entity2 and studied the frequency of vascular invasion and lymph node @entity1 in relation to focality of the lesions. METHODS: A total of 511 consecutive cases documented in large-format histologic sections were studied. Tumors expressing at least one of the basal (myoepithelial) markers ( @entity6 , @entity7 , @entity3 ) in at least one of the invasive @entity2 foci were categorized as basal-like @entity2 . Triple-negative (ER/PR/ @entity5 -negative) basal-like carcinomas also were analyzed. The distribution of lesions and the frequency of vascular invasion and lymph node @entity1 were analyzed. The study was approved by the Regional Ethical Committee Uppsala-  rebro. RESULTS: In 44% of cases, the invasive component was multifocal or diffuse. Combining the in situ and invasive @entity2 components resulted in 61% of cases with multifocal/diffuse distribution. The only statistically significant difference observed was that basal-like @entity2 lacked in situ components more often (21% vs. 9%; P  =  0.0075). No significant differences could be demonstrated regarding vascular invasion and lymph node status. Lymph node @entity1 appeared significantly more frequently in multifocal cases in both @entity2 categories. CONCLUSIONS: Basal-like @entity0 are as frequently multifocal as their non-basal-like counterparts; multifocality is associated with increased risk for vascular invasion and lymph node @entity1 in both @entity2 categories.

title: XXXX and its influence on lymph node status.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate a novel induction regimen composed of @entity5 ( @entity6 ), @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity4 (IAC regimen) for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 , and to identify the prognostic factors affecting treatment outcomes. METHODS: The clinical data of 27 untreated @entity3 @entity0 who received the IAC regimen as primary induction therapy in our hospital between April and November 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The treatment outcomes of the IAC regimen were compared with two IA ( @entity6 + @entity2 ) regimens ( @entity6 10 mg/m2 and @entity6 12 mg/m2) in a pair-matched analysis. RESULTS: The complete remission (CR) rate in the IAC arm was higher compared to the IAL arm (p = 0.002) as was the overall efficacy rate (p = 0.017). There was no significant difference in outcomes between the IAC and IAH ( @entity2 with high-dose @entity6 ) arms. The IAC arm contained significantly higher CR rates than the IAL ( @entity2 with low-dose @entity6 ) arm in both the intermediate group (p = 0.050) and the unfavorable group (p = 0.013). @entity1 did not differ between the IAC group and the other two arms. High WBC at diagnosis (p = 0.022) and an unfavorable karyotype (p = 0.026) were related to a poorer response. The IAC regimen (p = 0.013) had greater superiority over the IAL regimen on efficacy than over the IAH regimen (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: The IAC regimen achieved a more significant advantage over the IAL regimen without increasing the risk of adverse events. The efficacy of induction therapy is associated with WBC at diagnosis, karyotype and induction regimen.

title: Addition of XXXX to @entity5 and @entity2 during Induction Increases the Overall Efficacy Rate in Adult @entity0 with @entity3 : A Matched-Pair Retrospective Comparison.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate a novel induction regimen composed of @entity5 ( @entity6 ), @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity4 (IAC regimen) for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 , and to identify the prognostic factors affecting treatment outcomes. METHODS: The clinical data of 27 untreated @entity3 @entity0 who received the IAC regimen as primary induction therapy in our hospital between April and November 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The treatment outcomes of the IAC regimen were compared with two IA ( @entity6 + @entity2 ) regimens ( @entity6 10 mg/m2 and @entity6 12 mg/m2) in a pair-matched analysis. RESULTS: The complete remission (CR) rate in the IAC arm was higher compared to the IAL arm (p = 0.002) as was the overall efficacy rate (p = 0.017). There was no significant difference in outcomes between the IAC and IAH ( @entity2 with high-dose @entity6 ) arms. The IAC arm contained significantly higher CR rates than the IAL ( @entity2 with low-dose @entity6 ) arm in both the intermediate group (p = 0.050) and the unfavorable group (p = 0.013). @entity1 did not differ between the IAC group and the other two arms. High WBC at diagnosis (p = 0.022) and an unfavorable karyotype (p = 0.026) were related to a poorer response. The IAC regimen (p = 0.013) had greater superiority over the IAL regimen on efficacy than over the IAH regimen (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: The IAC regimen achieved a more significant advantage over the IAL regimen without increasing the risk of adverse events. The efficacy of induction therapy is associated with WBC at diagnosis, karyotype and induction regimen.

title: Addition of @entity4 to @entity5 and XXXX during Induction Increases the Overall Efficacy Rate in Adult @entity0 with @entity3 : A Matched-Pair Retrospective Comparison.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate a novel induction regimen composed of @entity5 ( @entity6 ), @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity4 (IAC regimen) for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 , and to identify the prognostic factors affecting treatment outcomes. METHODS: The clinical data of 27 untreated @entity3 @entity0 who received the IAC regimen as primary induction therapy in our hospital between April and November 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The treatment outcomes of the IAC regimen were compared with two IA ( @entity6 + @entity2 ) regimens ( @entity6 10 mg/m2 and @entity6 12 mg/m2) in a pair-matched analysis. RESULTS: The complete remission (CR) rate in the IAC arm was higher compared to the IAL arm (p = 0.002) as was the overall efficacy rate (p = 0.017). There was no significant difference in outcomes between the IAC and IAH ( @entity2 with high-dose @entity6 ) arms. The IAC arm contained significantly higher CR rates than the IAL ( @entity2 with low-dose @entity6 ) arm in both the intermediate group (p = 0.050) and the unfavorable group (p = 0.013). @entity1 did not differ between the IAC group and the other two arms. High WBC at diagnosis (p = 0.022) and an unfavorable karyotype (p = 0.026) were related to a poorer response. The IAC regimen (p = 0.013) had greater superiority over the IAL regimen on efficacy than over the IAH regimen (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: The IAC regimen achieved a more significant advantage over the IAL regimen without increasing the risk of adverse events. The efficacy of induction therapy is associated with WBC at diagnosis, karyotype and induction regimen.

title: Addition of @entity4 to @entity5 and @entity2 during Induction Increases the Overall Efficacy Rate in Adult @entity0 with XXXX : A Matched-Pair Retrospective Comparison.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate a novel induction regimen composed of @entity5 ( @entity6 ), @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity4 (IAC regimen) for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 , and to identify the prognostic factors affecting treatment outcomes. METHODS: The clinical data of 27 untreated @entity3 @entity0 who received the IAC regimen as primary induction therapy in our hospital between April and November 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The treatment outcomes of the IAC regimen were compared with two IA ( @entity6 + @entity2 ) regimens ( @entity6 10 mg/m2 and @entity6 12 mg/m2) in a pair-matched analysis. RESULTS: The complete remission (CR) rate in the IAC arm was higher compared to the IAL arm (p = 0.002) as was the overall efficacy rate (p = 0.017). There was no significant difference in outcomes between the IAC and IAH ( @entity2 with high-dose @entity6 ) arms. The IAC arm contained significantly higher CR rates than the IAL ( @entity2 with low-dose @entity6 ) arm in both the intermediate group (p = 0.050) and the unfavorable group (p = 0.013). @entity1 did not differ between the IAC group and the other two arms. High WBC at diagnosis (p = 0.022) and an unfavorable karyotype (p = 0.026) were related to a poorer response. The IAC regimen (p = 0.013) had greater superiority over the IAL regimen on efficacy than over the IAH regimen (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: The IAC regimen achieved a more significant advantage over the IAL regimen without increasing the risk of adverse events. The efficacy of induction therapy is associated with WBC at diagnosis, karyotype and induction regimen.

title: Addition of @entity4 to XXXX and @entity2 during Induction Increases the Overall Efficacy Rate in Adult @entity0 with @entity3 : A Matched-Pair Retrospective Comparison.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The aims of this study were to evaluate a novel induction regimen composed of @entity5 ( @entity6 ), @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and @entity4 (IAC regimen) for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity0 , and to identify the prognostic factors affecting treatment outcomes. METHODS: The clinical data of 27 untreated @entity3 @entity0 who received the IAC regimen as primary induction therapy in our hospital between April and November 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. The treatment outcomes of the IAC regimen were compared with two IA ( @entity6 + @entity2 ) regimens ( @entity6 10 mg/m2 and @entity6 12 mg/m2) in a pair-matched analysis. RESULTS: The complete remission (CR) rate in the IAC arm was higher compared to the IAL arm (p = 0.002) as was the overall efficacy rate (p = 0.017). There was no significant difference in outcomes between the IAC and IAH ( @entity2 with high-dose @entity6 ) arms. The IAC arm contained significantly higher CR rates than the IAL ( @entity2 with low-dose @entity6 ) arm in both the intermediate group (p = 0.050) and the unfavorable group (p = 0.013). @entity1 did not differ between the IAC group and the other two arms. High WBC at diagnosis (p = 0.022) and an unfavorable karyotype (p = 0.026) were related to a poorer response. The IAC regimen (p = 0.013) had greater superiority over the IAL regimen on efficacy than over the IAH regimen (p = 0.041). CONCLUSIONS: The IAC regimen achieved a more significant advantage over the IAL regimen without increasing the risk of adverse events. The efficacy of induction therapy is associated with WBC at diagnosis, karyotype and induction regimen.

title: Addition of @entity4 to @entity5 and @entity2 during Induction Increases the Overall Efficacy Rate in Adult XXXX with @entity3 : A Matched-Pair Retrospective Comparison.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although computed tomography (CT) has reduced negative appendectomy rates, its radiation risk remains a concern. We compared the performance statistics of the Alvarado Score (AS) with those of CT scan in the evaluation of suspected @entity1 , with the aim of identifying a subset of @entity0 who will benefit from CT evaluation. STUDY DESIGN: We performed prospective data collection on 350 consecutive @entity0 with suspected @entity1 who were evaluated with CT scans. The AS for each @entity0 was scored at admission and correlated with eventual histology and CT findings. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive likelihood ratios were determined for various AS and for CT scan. The AS ranges that benefitted most from CT evaluation were determined by comparing the positive likelihood ratios of CT scan with each of the AS cutoff values. RESULTS: The study included 134 males (38.3%) and 216 females (61.7%). The overall prevalence of @entity1 was 44.3% in the total study population; 37.5% in females and 55.2% in males. There were 168 @entity0 (48%) who underwent surgery, with a negative appendectomy rate of 7.7%. Positive likelihood ratio of disease was significantly greater than 1 only in @entity0 with an AS of 4 and above. An AS of 7 and above in males and 9 and above in females has a positive likelihood ratio comparable to that of CT scan. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation by CT is beneficial mainly in @entity0 with AS of 6 and below in males and 8 and below in females. We propose an objective management algorithm with the AS guiding subsequent evaluation.

title: Prospective comparison of the Alvarado score and CT scan in the evaluation of suspected XXXX : a proposed algorithm to guide CT use.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Electronic noses can identify diseases, including @entity2 ( @entity3 ) by the fingerprint of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled air. However, whether these VOCs originated from the malignant lesion itself remains unclear. The objective was to test for the presence and properties of VOCs directly over the vocal folds in malignant and benign lesions, as a potential tool for noninvasive screening. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational case control study. METHODS: Samples of mucus directly covering vocal fold lesions were analyzed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry for detection of VOCs, and evaluation of the properties and quantity of VOCs in the samples. Additionally, samples of oropharyngeal mucus were analyzed to exclude VOCs found also in the vicinity of the lesion. Benign and malignant lesion groups were compared using a nonparametric (Mann-Whitney) test. RESULTS: We studied 14 @entity0 , six with @entity3 and eight with benign pathology. We found an increased number of discrete VOC types in @entity0 with @entity3 both above the lesion ( @entity3 = 4.333    2.5, benign = 0.875    0.6; Z=3, P < .001) and directly above the lesion with exclusion of its vicinity ( @entity3 = 3.167    1.9, benign = 0.5    0.5; Z = 2.8, P < .003). VOCs detected in SCCs but not in benign samples included the straight-chain @entity4 : @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity7 , and @entity8 . CONCLUSIONS: Compared with benign vocal fold lesions, the environment of vocal folds in @entity3 is enriched with VOCs. These preliminary findings highlight a unique pattern that may contribute to the development of a future minimally invasive technology for screening vocal fold lesions for @entity1 . LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: NA Laryngoscope, 2015.

title: Increased number of volatile organic compounds over XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The quality of @entity2 reconstruction in England is not known. Hospital administrative data provides details of treatment within the English National Health Service and may be used for national outcomes analysis. METHODS: An algorithm for identifying head and neck surgery with flap-based reconstruction from administrative data was constructed and validated against information from three @entity1 units. The validated algorithm was applied to 2003-2013 national activity. RESULTS: The algorithm was 91% sensitive and over 99% specific. Its application to administrative data identified 11,841 @entity0 and demonstrated an increase of 52% in reconstruction-containing @entity2 surgery in the past decade. There were 7776 males and mean treatment age was 62 years. Oral cavity was the commonest primary site (n  =  7567; 64%) and 7575 @entity0 (64%) underwent primary surgery. The commonest procedure was floor-of-mouth excision (n  =  3614) and 9749 @entity0 had a neck dissection. The most commonly used flap was the radial forearm (n  =  4429). Flap failure occurred in 496 (4.2%) @entity0 . It increased the mean length of stay from 22 to 41 days (P  <  0.00001), and the odds ratio of in-hospital death to 2.37 [95% confidence interval 1.66-3.38; P  <  0.0001]. Lethality of reconstructive failure was not uniform and was highest when a pharyngolaryngeal flap failed. CONCLUSIONS: Reconstructive surgery is central to the multidisciplinary management of @entity2 . Its quality directly influences @entity0 morbidity and survival. We recommend that analysis of hospital administrative data should be periodically carried out as part of an over-arching quality assurance programme and, particularly for pharyngolaryngeal reconstructions, surgery should be undertaken in units with the best reconstructive outcomes.

title: Role of reconstructive surgery in the management of XXXX : A national outcomes analysis of 11,841 reconstructions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are the most common @entity3 of the gastrointestinal tract. Previous studies have addressed the safety and feasibility of endoscopic band ligation (EBL) for the treatment of small gastric @entity4 . However, published reports comparing EBL with other interventions are limited. This current study evaluates the efficacy of EBL and compares EBL to both @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and laparoscopic resection (LAP) for small gastric @entity4 less than 15  mm. METHODS: A total of 339 @entity0 who underwent endoscopic therapy or laparoscopic resection for gastric @entity4 between 1998 and 2012 were retrospectively identified and collected from medical records in our hospital. The parameters measured for each procedure type includes clinicopathological characteristics, length of stay, hospitalization expense and surgical outcomes. RESULTS: Among the 147 @entity0 included in our study, 72 (48.98  %) received EBL, 27 (18.37  %) received @entity5 , and 48 (32.65  %) received LAP. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the @entity0 such as gender, age, @entity1 site and size were well balanced between the study groups. There was also no significant difference in follow-up time between the study groups. The mean operating time was significantly shorter in the @entity0 receiving EBL than @entity0 receiving @entity5 and LAP (p  <  0.001). The estimated @entity2 was significantly different between the three groups (p  <  0.001). Complications occurred in 1.39  % of the @entity0 receiving EBL, 18.52  % of the @entity0 receiving @entity5 and 4.17  % of the @entity0 receiving LAP (p  =  0.004), and recurrence rate in 15.00, 9.10 and 11.76  %, respectively (p  =  0.705). There was also significant difference about mean hospital stay and hospital cost between three groups (p  <  0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results show a significant advantage in the short-term outcome for EBL compared to @entity5 and LAP. However, long-term randomized controlled trials are needed to compare the three methods for the treatment of small @entity4 .

title: Endoscopic band ligation versus XXXX and laparoscopic resection for small gastric @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIM: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) are the most common @entity3 of the gastrointestinal tract. Previous studies have addressed the safety and feasibility of endoscopic band ligation (EBL) for the treatment of small gastric @entity4 . However, published reports comparing EBL with other interventions are limited. This current study evaluates the efficacy of EBL and compares EBL to both @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and laparoscopic resection (LAP) for small gastric @entity4 less than 15  mm. METHODS: A total of 339 @entity0 who underwent endoscopic therapy or laparoscopic resection for gastric @entity4 between 1998 and 2012 were retrospectively identified and collected from medical records in our hospital. The parameters measured for each procedure type includes clinicopathological characteristics, length of stay, hospitalization expense and surgical outcomes. RESULTS: Among the 147 @entity0 included in our study, 72 (48.98  %) received EBL, 27 (18.37  %) received @entity5 , and 48 (32.65  %) received LAP. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the @entity0 such as gender, age, @entity1 site and size were well balanced between the study groups. There was also no significant difference in follow-up time between the study groups. The mean operating time was significantly shorter in the @entity0 receiving EBL than @entity0 receiving @entity5 and LAP (p  <  0.001). The estimated @entity2 was significantly different between the three groups (p  <  0.001). Complications occurred in 1.39  % of the @entity0 receiving EBL, 18.52  % of the @entity0 receiving @entity5 and 4.17  % of the @entity0 receiving LAP (p  =  0.004), and recurrence rate in 15.00, 9.10 and 11.76  %, respectively (p  =  0.705). There was also significant difference about mean hospital stay and hospital cost between three groups (p  <  0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results show a significant advantage in the short-term outcome for EBL compared to @entity5 and LAP. However, long-term randomized controlled trials are needed to compare the three methods for the treatment of small @entity4 .

title: Endoscopic band ligation versus @entity5 and laparoscopic resection for small gastric XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study examined illness-related change in intelligence quotient (IQ) in a cohort of youth with type 1 @entity1 studied prospectively from disease onset in childhood to follow-up 12 years later in late adolescence/early adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: @entity0 included type 1 @entity1 @entity0 (n = 95; mean age at follow-up 21.3 years) and healthy control @entity0 (HCs; n = 67; mean age at follow-up 21.0 years) from a cohort followed prospectively. Measures included Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for @entity0 -Revised, and Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence and prospective collection of data on metabolic control history. RESULTS: Young @entity0 with type 1 @entity1 showed greater decline in verbal IQ (VIQ) and full-scale IQ (FSIQ), but not performance IQ (PIQ), than HCs. Within the @entity1 group, a younger age at @entity1 onset was associated with a decline in PIQ and FSIQ (P  <= 0.001). A history of @entity2 was associated with a decline in VIQ (P = 0.002). Long-term metabolic control was not associated with changes in IQ. Interaction terms were not significant, suggesting no moderating effect of one @entity1 -related variable over another. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of @entity1 may negatively influence some aspects of IQ over time. Specific illness risk factors, such as an earlier age of disease onset and a history of @entity2 , appear to put the young @entity0 at greater risk. Academic progress of @entity0 identified as at risk should be monitored and educational supports provided if necessary.

title: Risk factors for decline in IQ in youth with type 1 XXXX over the 12 years from diagnosis/illness onset.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 and @entity2 are common @entity1 worldwide. The MANAS trial aimed to test the effectiveness of an intervention led by lay health counsellors in primary care settings to improve outcomes of @entity0 with these disorders. METHODS: In this cluster randomised trial, primary care facilities in @entity6 , India, were assigned (1:1) by computer-generated randomised sequence to intervention or control (enhanced usual care) groups. All adults who screened positive for common @entity1 were eligible. The collaborative stepped-care intervention offered case management and psychosocial interventions, provided by a trained lay health counsellor, supplemented by antidepressant drugs by the primary care physician and supervision by a mental health specialist. The research assessor was masked. The primary outcome was recovery from common @entity1 as defined by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-10th revision ( @entity5 -10) at 6 months. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00446407. FINDINGS: 24 study clusters, with an equal proportion of public and private facilities, were randomised equally between groups. 1160 of 1360 (85%) @entity0 in the intervention group and 1269 of 1436 (88%) in the control group completed the outcome assessment. @entity0 with @entity5 -10-confirmed common @entity1 in the intervention group were more likely to have recovered at 6 months than were those in the control group (n=620 [65  0%] vs 553 [52  9%]; risk ratio 1  22, 95% CI 1  00-1  47; risk difference=12  1%, 95% CI 1  6%-22  5%). The intervention had strong evidence of an effect in public facility attenders (369 [65  9%] vs 267 [42  5%], risk ratio 1  55, 95% CI 1  02-2  35) but no evidence for an effect in private facility attenders (251 [64  1%] vs 286 [65  9%], risk ratio 0  95, 0  74-1  22). There were three @entity3 and four suicide attempts in the collaborative stepped-care group and six @entity3 and six suicide attempts in the enhanced usual care group. None of the @entity3 were from suicide. INTERPRETATION: A trained lay counsellor-led collaborative care intervention can lead to an improvement in recovery from @entity7 among @entity0 attending public primary care facilities. FUNDING: The Wellcome Trust.

title: Effectiveness of an intervention led by lay health counsellors for XXXX and @entity2 in primary care in @entity6 , India (MANAS): a cluster randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 and @entity2 are common @entity1 worldwide. The MANAS trial aimed to test the effectiveness of an intervention led by lay health counsellors in primary care settings to improve outcomes of @entity0 with these disorders. METHODS: In this cluster randomised trial, primary care facilities in @entity6 , India, were assigned (1:1) by computer-generated randomised sequence to intervention or control (enhanced usual care) groups. All adults who screened positive for common @entity1 were eligible. The collaborative stepped-care intervention offered case management and psychosocial interventions, provided by a trained lay health counsellor, supplemented by antidepressant drugs by the primary care physician and supervision by a mental health specialist. The research assessor was masked. The primary outcome was recovery from common @entity1 as defined by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-10th revision ( @entity5 -10) at 6 months. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00446407. FINDINGS: 24 study clusters, with an equal proportion of public and private facilities, were randomised equally between groups. 1160 of 1360 (85%) @entity0 in the intervention group and 1269 of 1436 (88%) in the control group completed the outcome assessment. @entity0 with @entity5 -10-confirmed common @entity1 in the intervention group were more likely to have recovered at 6 months than were those in the control group (n=620 [65  0%] vs 553 [52  9%]; risk ratio 1  22, 95% CI 1  00-1  47; risk difference=12  1%, 95% CI 1  6%-22  5%). The intervention had strong evidence of an effect in public facility attenders (369 [65  9%] vs 267 [42  5%], risk ratio 1  55, 95% CI 1  02-2  35) but no evidence for an effect in private facility attenders (251 [64  1%] vs 286 [65  9%], risk ratio 0  95, 0  74-1  22). There were three @entity3 and four suicide attempts in the collaborative stepped-care group and six @entity3 and six suicide attempts in the enhanced usual care group. None of the @entity3 were from suicide. INTERPRETATION: A trained lay counsellor-led collaborative care intervention can lead to an improvement in recovery from @entity7 among @entity0 attending public primary care facilities. FUNDING: The Wellcome Trust.

title: Effectiveness of an intervention led by lay health counsellors for @entity4 and @entity2 in primary care in XXXX , India (MANAS): a cluster randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 and @entity2 are common @entity1 worldwide. The MANAS trial aimed to test the effectiveness of an intervention led by lay health counsellors in primary care settings to improve outcomes of @entity0 with these disorders. METHODS: In this cluster randomised trial, primary care facilities in @entity6 , India, were assigned (1:1) by computer-generated randomised sequence to intervention or control (enhanced usual care) groups. All adults who screened positive for common @entity1 were eligible. The collaborative stepped-care intervention offered case management and psychosocial interventions, provided by a trained lay health counsellor, supplemented by antidepressant drugs by the primary care physician and supervision by a mental health specialist. The research assessor was masked. The primary outcome was recovery from common @entity1 as defined by the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems-10th revision ( @entity5 -10) at 6 months. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00446407. FINDINGS: 24 study clusters, with an equal proportion of public and private facilities, were randomised equally between groups. 1160 of 1360 (85%) @entity0 in the intervention group and 1269 of 1436 (88%) in the control group completed the outcome assessment. @entity0 with @entity5 -10-confirmed common @entity1 in the intervention group were more likely to have recovered at 6 months than were those in the control group (n=620 [65  0%] vs 553 [52  9%]; risk ratio 1  22, 95% CI 1  00-1  47; risk difference=12  1%, 95% CI 1  6%-22  5%). The intervention had strong evidence of an effect in public facility attenders (369 [65  9%] vs 267 [42  5%], risk ratio 1  55, 95% CI 1  02-2  35) but no evidence for an effect in private facility attenders (251 [64  1%] vs 286 [65  9%], risk ratio 0  95, 0  74-1  22). There were three @entity3 and four suicide attempts in the collaborative stepped-care group and six @entity3 and six suicide attempts in the enhanced usual care group. None of the @entity3 were from suicide. INTERPRETATION: A trained lay counsellor-led collaborative care intervention can lead to an improvement in recovery from @entity7 among @entity0 attending public primary care facilities. FUNDING: The Wellcome Trust.

title: Effectiveness of an intervention led by lay health counsellors for @entity4 and XXXX in primary care in @entity6 , India (MANAS): a cluster randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was shown to confer @entity2 cells with abilities essential for @entity1 , including migratory phenotype, invasiveness, resistance to apoptosis, evading immune surveillance, and @entity2 stem cell traits. Therefore, inhibition of EMT can be an important therapeutic strategy to inhibit @entity2 @entity1 . Here, we show that activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y ( @entity9 -y) inhibits @entity5 ( @entity5 )-induced EMT in @entity0 cells and prevents @entity1 by antagonizing @entity6 function. Activation of @entity9 -y by synthetic ligands ( @entity11 and @entity12 ) or by a constitutively active form of @entity9 -y prevents @entity5 -induced loss of @entity8 expression and inhibits the induction of mesenchymal markers ( @entity7 , @entity14 , fibronectin) and matrix metalloproteases. Consistently, activation of @entity9 -y also inhibited EMT-induced @entity10 and invasion of @entity0 cells. Furthermore, effects of @entity9 -y ligands were attenuated by siRNA-mediated knockdown of @entity9 -y, indicating that the ligand-induced responses are @entity9 -y dependent. Selective knockdown of @entity13 and @entity6 by siRNA showed that @entity5 -induced EMT is @entity6 dependent in @entity0 cells. Activation of @entity9 -y inhibits @entity5 -induced Smad transcriptional activity but had no effect on the phosphorylation or nuclear translocation of Smads. Consistently, @entity9 -y activation prevented @entity5 -induced transcriptional repression of @entity8 promoter and inhibited transcriptional activation of @entity14 promoter. Finally, treatment of @entity3 with @entity11 or knockdown of @entity6 in @entity2 cells significantly inhibited @entity5 -induced experimental @entity1 in SCID-Beige @entity3 . Together, with the low @entity4 profile of @entity9 -y ligands, our data show that these ligands may serve as potential therapeutic agents to inhibit @entity1 .

title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation inhibits @entity2 XXXX by antagonizing @entity6 -mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was shown to confer @entity2 cells with abilities essential for @entity1 , including migratory phenotype, invasiveness, resistance to apoptosis, evading immune surveillance, and @entity2 stem cell traits. Therefore, inhibition of EMT can be an important therapeutic strategy to inhibit @entity2 @entity1 . Here, we show that activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y ( @entity9 -y) inhibits @entity5 ( @entity5 )-induced EMT in @entity0 cells and prevents @entity1 by antagonizing @entity6 function. Activation of @entity9 -y by synthetic ligands ( @entity11 and @entity12 ) or by a constitutively active form of @entity9 -y prevents @entity5 -induced loss of @entity8 expression and inhibits the induction of mesenchymal markers ( @entity7 , @entity14 , fibronectin) and matrix metalloproteases. Consistently, activation of @entity9 -y also inhibited EMT-induced @entity10 and invasion of @entity0 cells. Furthermore, effects of @entity9 -y ligands were attenuated by siRNA-mediated knockdown of @entity9 -y, indicating that the ligand-induced responses are @entity9 -y dependent. Selective knockdown of @entity13 and @entity6 by siRNA showed that @entity5 -induced EMT is @entity6 dependent in @entity0 cells. Activation of @entity9 -y inhibits @entity5 -induced Smad transcriptional activity but had no effect on the phosphorylation or nuclear translocation of Smads. Consistently, @entity9 -y activation prevented @entity5 -induced transcriptional repression of @entity8 promoter and inhibited transcriptional activation of @entity14 promoter. Finally, treatment of @entity3 with @entity11 or knockdown of @entity6 in @entity2 cells significantly inhibited @entity5 -induced experimental @entity1 in SCID-Beige @entity3 . Together, with the low @entity4 profile of @entity9 -y ligands, our data show that these ligands may serve as potential therapeutic agents to inhibit @entity1 .

title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation inhibits XXXX @entity1 by antagonizing @entity6 -mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was shown to confer @entity2 cells with abilities essential for @entity1 , including migratory phenotype, invasiveness, resistance to apoptosis, evading immune surveillance, and @entity2 stem cell traits. Therefore, inhibition of EMT can be an important therapeutic strategy to inhibit @entity2 @entity1 . Here, we show that activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y ( @entity9 -y) inhibits @entity5 ( @entity5 )-induced EMT in @entity0 cells and prevents @entity1 by antagonizing @entity6 function. Activation of @entity9 -y by synthetic ligands ( @entity11 and @entity12 ) or by a constitutively active form of @entity9 -y prevents @entity5 -induced loss of @entity8 expression and inhibits the induction of mesenchymal markers ( @entity7 , @entity14 , fibronectin) and matrix metalloproteases. Consistently, activation of @entity9 -y also inhibited EMT-induced @entity10 and invasion of @entity0 cells. Furthermore, effects of @entity9 -y ligands were attenuated by siRNA-mediated knockdown of @entity9 -y, indicating that the ligand-induced responses are @entity9 -y dependent. Selective knockdown of @entity13 and @entity6 by siRNA showed that @entity5 -induced EMT is @entity6 dependent in @entity0 cells. Activation of @entity9 -y inhibits @entity5 -induced Smad transcriptional activity but had no effect on the phosphorylation or nuclear translocation of Smads. Consistently, @entity9 -y activation prevented @entity5 -induced transcriptional repression of @entity8 promoter and inhibited transcriptional activation of @entity14 promoter. Finally, treatment of @entity3 with @entity11 or knockdown of @entity6 in @entity2 cells significantly inhibited @entity5 -induced experimental @entity1 in SCID-Beige @entity3 . Together, with the low @entity4 profile of @entity9 -y ligands, our data show that these ligands may serve as potential therapeutic agents to inhibit @entity1 .

title: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma activation inhibits @entity2 @entity1 by antagonizing XXXX -mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

answer: @entity6


abstract: There is currently considerable interest in the role of nonlinear phenomena in the population dynamics of @entity2 . @entity1 such as measles are particularly well documented dynamically, and have recently been the subject of analyses (of both models and notification data) to establish whether the pattern of epidemics is chaotic. Though the spatial dynamics of measles have also been extensively studied, spatial and nonlinear dynamics have only recently been brought together. The present review concentrates mainly on describing this synthesis. We begin with a general review of the nonlinear dynamics of measles models, in a spatially homogeneous environment. Simple compartmental models (specifically the SEIR model) can behave chaotically, under the influence of strong seasonal 'forcing' of @entity3 rate associated with patterns of schooling. However, adding observed heterogeneities such as age structure can simplify the deterministic dynamics back to limit cycles. By contrast all current strongly seasonally forced stochastic models show large amplitude irregular fluctuations, with many more 'fadeouts' of @entity3 that is observed in real communities of similar size. This indicates that (social and/or geographical) spatial heterogeneity is needed in the models. We review the exploration of this problem with nonlinear spatiotemporal models. The few studies to date indicate that spatial heterogeneity can help to increase the realism of models. However, a review of nonlinear analyses of spatially subdivided measles data show that more refinements of the models (particularly in representing the impact of @entity0 demographic changes on @entity3 dynamics) are required. We conclude with a discussion of the implication of these results for the dynamics of @entity2 in general and, in particular, the possibilities of cross fertilization between @entity0 disease epidemiology and the study of plant and @entity4 .

title: Spatial heterogeneity, nonlinear dynamics and chaos in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Aims and Background: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a chemotherapy-responsive @entity1 and associated with alterations in the coagulation system. Addition of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) to combination chemotherapy (CT) had resulted in increase in survival. The present retrospective trial was designed to determine whether the duration of dalteparin usage has an effect on progression and survival. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 67 @entity0 with @entity2 who were given cisplatin-etoposide and concomitant LMWH (dalteparin) was evaluated retrospectively. Results: Median follow-up of @entity0 was 11.3 months. Outcome: 10.6% complete response, 3.0% good partial response, 36.4% partial response, 10.6% stable disease, and 39.4% progressive disease. Side-effects were seen in 40.3% of the @entity0 . Median dalteparin duration was 6,1 months. According the duration of dalteparin @entity0 were grouped in three: who took dalteparin less than 4 months (Group A), 4-6 months (Group B) and more than 6 months (Group C). Mean @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in Group A was 6.5 months, in Group B 11.8 months, and Group C 14.6 months. Mean @entity3 in Group B and C were statistically significantly (P < 0.001) longer than Group A, between Group B and C there was not any significant difference (P = 0.037). Mean progression free survival (PFS) was 9 months. Conclusions: The CT plus LMWH minimum 4 months long is well-tolerable, and may improve PFS and @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 . For treatment of @entity0 with @entity2 CT plus LMWH may be considered as effective future-therapy, and further multi-centre randomised prospective clinical trials must be done to determine the new standard treatment approach for @entity2 .

title: The effect of small-molecular-weight heparin added to chemotherapy on survival in XXXX - A retrospective analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. OBJECTIVE: To identify changes in @entity2 and @entity1 after cervical total disc replacement (CTDR) among @entity0 with @entity5 , and to investigate their effects on the prognosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous researches have reported relationships between @entity4 and lumbar surgery. There have been no previous studies on the effects of @entity2 and @entity1 on the CTDR outcome at the 2-year postoperative phase. METHODS: Eighty-five @entity0 with @entity5 who underwent CTDR were included. @entity0 were evaluated preoperatively and at 6 postoperative time points, including 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. @entity2 and @entity1 were evaluated by using the Zung Self-Rating @entity2 Scale and the Zung Self-Rating @entity1 Scale. Neurological function was evaluated by using the visual analogue scale and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. The quality of life was assessed by a 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. A Spearman rank correlation analysis was used. RESULTS: All @entity0 had improvements in clinical symptoms and neurological function. Twelve (14.12%) @entity0 had symptoms of @entity2 and 21 (24.71%) @entity0 had symptoms of @entity1 . There was a significant difference between the preoperative and the postoperative Zung Self-Rating @entity1 Scale scores, whereas the Zung Self-Rating @entity2 Scale scores were not significantly different over time. For all @entity0 , the visual analogue scale scores and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey scores were associated with the postoperative level of @entity2 and @entity1 but not age or the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score. CONCLUSION: Some @entity0 with @entity5 have preoperative @entity2 and/or @entity1 . CTDR may provide some improvements in these @entity3 . The presence of @entity2 and/or @entity1 may have a negative influence on the @entity0 's prognosis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: The Impact of the @entity2 and XXXX on Prognosis of Cervical Total Disc Replacement.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. OBJECTIVE: To identify changes in @entity2 and @entity1 after cervical total disc replacement (CTDR) among @entity0 with @entity5 , and to investigate their effects on the prognosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Previous researches have reported relationships between @entity4 and lumbar surgery. There have been no previous studies on the effects of @entity2 and @entity1 on the CTDR outcome at the 2-year postoperative phase. METHODS: Eighty-five @entity0 with @entity5 who underwent CTDR were included. @entity0 were evaluated preoperatively and at 6 postoperative time points, including 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years. @entity2 and @entity1 were evaluated by using the Zung Self-Rating @entity2 Scale and the Zung Self-Rating @entity1 Scale. Neurological function was evaluated by using the visual analogue scale and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. The quality of life was assessed by a 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. A Spearman rank correlation analysis was used. RESULTS: All @entity0 had improvements in clinical symptoms and neurological function. Twelve (14.12%) @entity0 had symptoms of @entity2 and 21 (24.71%) @entity0 had symptoms of @entity1 . There was a significant difference between the preoperative and the postoperative Zung Self-Rating @entity1 Scale scores, whereas the Zung Self-Rating @entity2 Scale scores were not significantly different over time. For all @entity0 , the visual analogue scale scores and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey scores were associated with the postoperative level of @entity2 and @entity1 but not age or the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score. CONCLUSION: Some @entity0 with @entity5 have preoperative @entity2 and/or @entity1 . CTDR may provide some improvements in these @entity3 . The presence of @entity2 and/or @entity1 may have a negative influence on the @entity0 's prognosis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

title: The Impact of the XXXX and @entity1 on Prognosis of Cervical Total Disc Replacement.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Today's criterion standards for measuring functional recovery after nerve @entity2 in experimental studies are the muscle mass ratio and the isometric tetanic force; both tests are invasive and require a sacrificial procedure. The authors propose ultrasound as a noninvasive method to determine @entity3 , and evaluate its validity and reliability by comparing it to muscle mass ratio, isometric tetanic force, and histology. METHODS: Fifty @entity0 sustained a 10-mm autograft sciatic nerve reconstruction. With a 2-week interval, five animals were tested with a total follow-up of 20 weeks. The functional recovery of the hind-limb muscles was measured with ultrasound, muscle mass ratio, and isometric tetanic force. In addition, neuromuscular junctions were analyzed histologically. The different evaluation techniques were compared and the reliability of the ultrasound was determined. RESULTS: Four weeks after denervation, extensive @entity3 resulted in a decrease of muscle mass up to 30 percent. Ultrasound showed good correlations with muscle mass ratio for both tibial (r = 0.85) and gastrocnemius muscles (r = 0.89). Both intrarater reliability (r = 0.97) and interrater reliability (r = 0.88) of the ultrasound were high. The correlation with force was lower (0.62) but still statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound measurement of @entity3 was highly correlated with the criterion standard muscle mass ratio and was also significantly correlated with isometric tetanic force. Histologic evaluation confirmed the regeneration pattern observed with ultrasound. The authors propose that ultrasound can be used as a valid alternative to muscle mass ratio to study @entity3 after @entity1 in a less-invasive and more animal-friendly manner.

title: Noninvasive Ultrasound of the Tibial Muscle for Longitudinal Analysis of Nerve Regeneration in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the relationship of protein intake (as measured by protein @entity2 appearance) and dialysis delivery in insulin-dependent @entity1 ( @entity3 ) and nondiabetic @entity0 . DESIGN: One to two 24-hour dialysate and urine collections were obtained in 20 @entity1 @entity0 and 42 nondiabetic @entity0 . The protein equivalent of @entity2 appearance (PNA) was calculated by the Randerson formula. KT/V was determined using V obtained by the Watson formula. PNA was normalized using three different methods to determine body weight: first, by normal or ideal body weight according to the Metropolitan Table (nPNA); second, by standard body weight according to the NHANES Table (sPNA); and third, by V/0.58 (vPNA). RESULTS: The mean PNA was not different in @entity1 and nondiabetics (53 +/- 21 g/day vs 60 +/- 14 g/day), nor was weekly KT/V (2.1 +/- 0.6 vs 2.1 +/- 0.6). Mean normalized PNA was not different in @entity3 versus non- @entity4 regardless of the method. KT/V correlated with nPNA in @entity3 (r = 0.54, p = 0.002 and non- @entity4 , r = 0.31, p = 0.03), and with vPNA in @entity3 (r = 0.73, p < 0.00001, and non- @entity4 , r = 0.45, p = 0.0009). KT/V also correlated with sPNA in @entity3 (r = 0.57, p = 0.001), but not in non- @entity4 (r = 0.25, p = 0.08). The slope for normalized PNA versus KT/V was steeper for @entity3 than for non- @entity4 . CONCLUSION: KT/V and PNA are more closely correlated in @entity3 @entity0 than in non- @entity4 @entity0 . Thus it is extremely important that @entity3 @entity0 receive an adequate level of dialysis.

title: Urea kinetics and XXXX appearance rates in @entity1 @entity0 on peritoneal dialysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the relationship of protein intake (as measured by protein @entity2 appearance) and dialysis delivery in insulin-dependent @entity1 ( @entity3 ) and nondiabetic @entity0 . DESIGN: One to two 24-hour dialysate and urine collections were obtained in 20 @entity1 @entity0 and 42 nondiabetic @entity0 . The protein equivalent of @entity2 appearance (PNA) was calculated by the Randerson formula. KT/V was determined using V obtained by the Watson formula. PNA was normalized using three different methods to determine body weight: first, by normal or ideal body weight according to the Metropolitan Table (nPNA); second, by standard body weight according to the NHANES Table (sPNA); and third, by V/0.58 (vPNA). RESULTS: The mean PNA was not different in @entity1 and nondiabetics (53 +/- 21 g/day vs 60 +/- 14 g/day), nor was weekly KT/V (2.1 +/- 0.6 vs 2.1 +/- 0.6). Mean normalized PNA was not different in @entity3 versus non- @entity4 regardless of the method. KT/V correlated with nPNA in @entity3 (r = 0.54, p = 0.002 and non- @entity4 , r = 0.31, p = 0.03), and with vPNA in @entity3 (r = 0.73, p < 0.00001, and non- @entity4 , r = 0.45, p = 0.0009). KT/V also correlated with sPNA in @entity3 (r = 0.57, p = 0.001), but not in non- @entity4 (r = 0.25, p = 0.08). The slope for normalized PNA versus KT/V was steeper for @entity3 than for non- @entity4 . CONCLUSION: KT/V and PNA are more closely correlated in @entity3 @entity0 than in non- @entity4 @entity0 . Thus it is extremely important that @entity3 @entity0 receive an adequate level of dialysis.

title: Urea kinetics and @entity2 appearance rates in XXXX @entity0 on peritoneal dialysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We compared the relationship of protein intake (as measured by protein @entity2 appearance) and dialysis delivery in insulin-dependent @entity1 ( @entity3 ) and nondiabetic @entity0 . DESIGN: One to two 24-hour dialysate and urine collections were obtained in 20 @entity1 @entity0 and 42 nondiabetic @entity0 . The protein equivalent of @entity2 appearance (PNA) was calculated by the Randerson formula. KT/V was determined using V obtained by the Watson formula. PNA was normalized using three different methods to determine body weight: first, by normal or ideal body weight according to the Metropolitan Table (nPNA); second, by standard body weight according to the NHANES Table (sPNA); and third, by V/0.58 (vPNA). RESULTS: The mean PNA was not different in @entity1 and nondiabetics (53 +/- 21 g/day vs 60 +/- 14 g/day), nor was weekly KT/V (2.1 +/- 0.6 vs 2.1 +/- 0.6). Mean normalized PNA was not different in @entity3 versus non- @entity4 regardless of the method. KT/V correlated with nPNA in @entity3 (r = 0.54, p = 0.002 and non- @entity4 , r = 0.31, p = 0.03), and with vPNA in @entity3 (r = 0.73, p < 0.00001, and non- @entity4 , r = 0.45, p = 0.0009). KT/V also correlated with sPNA in @entity3 (r = 0.57, p = 0.001), but not in non- @entity4 (r = 0.25, p = 0.08). The slope for normalized PNA versus KT/V was steeper for @entity3 than for non- @entity4 . CONCLUSION: KT/V and PNA are more closely correlated in @entity3 @entity0 than in non- @entity4 @entity0 . Thus it is extremely important that @entity3 @entity0 receive an adequate level of dialysis.

title: Urea kinetics and @entity2 appearance rates in @entity1 XXXX on peritoneal dialysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We evaluated hospital readmission as an indicator of the quality of management of @entity1 @entity0 , between July 1989 and June 1990. Using hospital separation data, we constructed a matched data set to identify early (within two weeks of discharge) readmissions. Of over 14,000 admissions for @entity1 in the 1-to-44-year age group, 2.8 per cent were classified as early readmissions. Admissions and readmissions were more common in rural than metropolitan areas. Admissions were most common during autumn, but early readmissions occurred most often during spring. @entity0 staying more than one day were 0.5 times (95 per cent confidence interval (CI) 0.37 to 0.68) as likely to have an early readmission than @entity0 staying less than one day. Using the same data set, we identified @entity0 who had the potential for readmission within a six-month period. Of the 5052 @entity0 , 17.8 per cent were readmitted at least once during the period; 3.7 per cent had at least one early readmission, and 15.8 per cent had at least one late readmission (more than two weeks following discharge). A length of stay of more than one day was associated with 0.41 times (CI 0.24 to 0.70) the risk of early readmission in this cohort. A length of stay of more than one day was associated with a higher risk of late readmission (1.52, CI 1.09 to 2.12), which was less likely to occur in rural than metropolitan areas (0.45, CI 0.37 to 0.55).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Readmissions to hospital: the contribution of morbidity data to the evaluation of XXXX management.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity7 is a disease characterized by the formation of extracellular @entity3 . Immunoglobulin light-chain @entity7 can appear as a @entity1 presenting with mild symptoms or as a life threatening @entity2 . The systemic form of immunoglobulin light-chain @entity7 is the most common type of @entity7 in western countries although it is a rare disease. Identification of the proteins forming amyloid fibrils is essential for the diagnosis of the disease and knowledge about the overall protein composition of the deposits may lead to a larger understanding of the deposition events thereby facilitating a more detailed picture of the molecular pathology. In this pilot study, we investigated the protein composition of @entity3 isolated from @entity0 specimens of the eyelid, conjunctiva, and orbit. Deposits and internal control tissue ( @entity0 tissue without apparent deposits) were procured by laser capture microdissection. Proteins in the captured amyloid and control samples were quantified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry using the label-free exponential modified Protein Abundance Index (emPAI) method. Immunoglobulin light chain kappa or lambda was found to be the most predominant protein in the @entity3 from the eyelid, conjunctiva, and orbit. Five proteins, @entity5 , @entity4 ( @entity4 ), complement component C9, @entity8 and plasminogen were found solely across all amyloid but not in the control tissue. In addition, the protein profiles identified @entity6 and serum amyloid P component to be associated with the immunoglobulin light chain deposits across all three tissues analyzed. The method used in this study provided high sensitivity and specificity for the type of amyloid and may provide additional information on the pathology of the @entity3 in the ocular tissues studied.

title: Insight into the Protein Composition of Immunoglobulin Light Chain Deposits of Eyelid, Orbital and XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: The plasma @entity10 levels have been accepted as an index of sympathetic nervous activity in @entity1 . It is known that the plasma @entity8 (NE) level is thought to reflect the degree of sympathetic nervous activity. NE is the neurotransmitter released from sympathetic nerve endings. In recent years several studies have suggested the role of biogenic @entity12 in brain and @entity9 . @entity4 is almost always associated with systemic changes. @entity0 with @entity4 often exhibit @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity5 , electrocardiographic abnormalities and @entity11 which are regarded as signs of increased sympathetic nervous system activity. The present study was undertaken to examine whether the measurement of plasma NE levels is valuable to assess and evaluate clinical status of @entity0 with acute @entity4 . Sixty @entity0 with acute @entity4 admitted to our Department were studied. Fourty seven @entity0 were male and thirteen @entity0 were female, ages ranged from 2 to 70 years. All @entity0 were diagnosed by CT scan within three hours after @entity4 . Serial blood samples were also obtained during the first 7 days after @entity4 . The plasma NE was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The Glasgow @entity7 Score (GCS) and the Japan @entity7 Scale (JCS) were recorded at admission for all @entity0 . Clinical outcome was assessed at the time of discharge according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The "good" group consisted of @entity0 with good recovery or moderate disability. The "poor" group consisted of @entity0 with @entity6 and persistent vegetative state and the "dead" group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Metabolic changes of plasma XXXX levels in acute @entity4 ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: The plasma @entity10 levels have been accepted as an index of sympathetic nervous activity in @entity1 . It is known that the plasma @entity8 (NE) level is thought to reflect the degree of sympathetic nervous activity. NE is the neurotransmitter released from sympathetic nerve endings. In recent years several studies have suggested the role of biogenic @entity12 in brain and @entity9 . @entity4 is almost always associated with systemic changes. @entity0 with @entity4 often exhibit @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity5 , electrocardiographic abnormalities and @entity11 which are regarded as signs of increased sympathetic nervous system activity. The present study was undertaken to examine whether the measurement of plasma NE levels is valuable to assess and evaluate clinical status of @entity0 with acute @entity4 . Sixty @entity0 with acute @entity4 admitted to our Department were studied. Fourty seven @entity0 were male and thirteen @entity0 were female, ages ranged from 2 to 70 years. All @entity0 were diagnosed by CT scan within three hours after @entity4 . Serial blood samples were also obtained during the first 7 days after @entity4 . The plasma NE was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The Glasgow @entity7 Score (GCS) and the Japan @entity7 Scale (JCS) were recorded at admission for all @entity0 . Clinical outcome was assessed at the time of discharge according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale. The "good" group consisted of @entity0 with good recovery or moderate disability. The "poor" group consisted of @entity0 with @entity6 and persistent vegetative state and the "dead" group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Metabolic changes of plasma @entity8 levels in acute XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Only bipolar lead recording are available during ambulatory monitoring. Their sensitivity in detecting ST segment changes in relation to standard electrocardiographic leads is not known. The magnitude and direction of ST segment changes in the @entity1 were compared with those in standard electrocardiographic leads in @entity0 during exercise testing and percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Thirty @entity0 with @entity3 were studied during exercise tests in which @entity2 (greater than 0.5 mm) occurred in one or more standard electrocardiographic leads and 13 @entity0 were studied during angioplasty that resulted in ST segment change in one or more leads (I, II, III, V2, V5, and CM5). Lead CM5 was the most sensitive lead (93%) during exercise testing and also showed the greatest magnitude of ST segment change below the isoelectric line in 93% of the @entity0 . Only two @entity0 , one with ST segment elevation in inferior leads and one with changes restricted to septal leads, had no @entity2 in lead CM5. When ST segment shift from the baseline electrocardiogram was measured the magnitude of @entity2 was greatest in lead CM5 in only 63% of the @entity0 . During angioplasty of the left anterior descending coronary artery, lead CM5 showed @entity2 in seven @entity0 , ST segment elevation in two, and a biphasic response in one. Two of the three @entity0 with @entity5 in right coronary artery developed ST segment elevation in lead CM5. Thus lead CM5 is a reliable lead for detecting subendocardial ischaemia experienced during everyday activities in anginal @entity0 . During total occlusion of coronary arteries (as in @entity7 or @entity4 ) lead CM5 commonly shows @entity2 and changes due to @entity6 may not be detected.

title: Value of the XXXX in electrocardiography.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conventional methods for @entity1 detection including computed tomography (CT) and bronchoscopy are expensive and invasive. Thus, there is still a need for an optimal @entity1 detection technique. METHODS: The exhaled breath of 50 @entity0 with @entity1 histologically proven by bronchoscopic biopsy samples (32 @entity2 , 10 @entity4 , 8 @entity5 ), were analyzed using ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and compared with 39 healthy volunteers. As a secondary assessment, we compared @entity2 @entity0 with and without @entity3 ( @entity3 ) mutation. RESULTS: A decision tree algorithm could separate @entity0 with @entity1 including @entity2 , @entity4 and @entity5 . One hundred-fifteen separated volatile organic compound (VOC) peaks were analyzed. Peak-2 noted as n- @entity6 using the IMS database was able to separate values with a sensitivity of 70.0% and a specificity of 89.7%. Incorporating a decision tree algorithm starting with @entity6 , a sensitivity of 76% and specificity of 100% was achieved. Comparing VOC peaks between @entity2 and healthy subjects, n- @entity6 was able to separate values with a sensitivity of 81.3% and a specificity of 89.7%. Fourteen @entity0 positive for @entity3 mutation displayed a significantly higher n- @entity6 than for the 14 @entity0 negative for @entity3 (p<0.01), with a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 78.6%. CONCLUSION: In this prospective study, VOC peak patterns using a decision tree algorithm were useful in the detection of @entity1 . Moreover, n- @entity6 analysis from @entity2 @entity0 might be useful to discriminate the @entity3 mutation.

title: Exhaled breath analysis for XXXX detection using ion mobility spectrometry.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Circulating host lymphocytes recognize, bind to, become activated by, and infiltrate engrafted allogeneic tissues. The mechanisms responsible for these early events which lead to acute immunological rejection have not been precisely defined. We have examined sequentially in vitro lymphocyte binding patterns in a kidney transplant model of acute rejection in @entity0 and their relationship to the expression of two representative adhesion molecules, @entity1 and @entity2 . The extent of binding of naive, or allosensitized recipient strain LNL or PBL, or donor strain or third party cells to frozen sections of kidney allografts was not significantly different; adherence was dependent upon whether the graft was an allograft or an isograft. The pattern of lymphocyte adherence to various allograft compartments was distinct and varied with time. Within 3 days after transplantation only a few cells had bound to the frozen tissues, preferentially to vascular endothelium. By days 5 and 7, increasing numbers of cells bound primarily to tubules, as did the few cells adhering to isografts. Immunohistologically, @entity1 expression increased progressively during acute rejection, first on vascular endothelium, later on tubules. @entity2 + infiltrating cells peaked more quickly. Lymphocyte binding could be inhibited (approx. 40%) by monoclonal antibodies directed against @entity2 and @entity1 . The results indicate that in vitro lymphocyte binding to acutely rejecting kidney transplants is directed by the allogenicity of the graft itself via upregulation of adhesion molecules rather than sensitization of the host cells.

title: Binding of lymphocytes to acutely rejecting XXXX kidney allografts in vitro is guided by events in the graft itself rather than by sensitization of host lymphocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Regular multidisciplinary team meetings are the main way that teams operate, yet our earlier research found they can sometimes be suboptimal. We developed a model to structure multidisciplinary team meetings and assessed the feasibility, acceptability and impact of its implementation on meeting quality and @entity0 outcomes. DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort design with non- @entity0 observation of multidisciplinary team meetings before and after implementation of the intervention. SETTING: @entity1 rehabilitation units. SUBJECTS: Members of the multidisciplinary @entity1 rehabilitation teams. INTERVENTION: A model to structure multidisciplinary team meetings. MAIN MEASURES: Quality of multidisciplinary team meetings (using a predefined checklist); change in independence (Barthel Index) during admission; length of stay; meeting duration and the number of @entity0 discussed. RESULTS: At baseline, meeting quality was generally low. Following implementation, all aspects of meeting quality improved by 5%-58%. This was achieved without loss of staff productivity or additional resources: The mean number of @entity0 treated during the observation periods was 36 (SD 17.6), which was unchanged after implementation. Nor were there any significant changes in the length of meetings (mean   =   76   minutes), time spent discussing each @entity0 (5.4 vs. 7   minutes) or length of stay (26.7 vs. 30.3   days), but there was a greater increase in Barthel Index score after implementation (3.8 vs. 4.7) indicating greater functional recovery. CONCLUSIONS: A feasible and acceptable model to structure @entity1 team meetings has been developed and implemented. This increased meeting quality without increase in resources and may increase @entity0 recovery.

title: The effect of a structured model for XXXX rehabilitation multi-disciplinary team meetings on functional recovery and productivity: a Phase I/II proof of concept study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Pieces of theca interna or follicle wall (theca interna + attached granulosa cells), obtained from @entity1 preovulatory follicles prior to the surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) and cultured for 3 days, secreted @entity4 . Luteinizing hormone, but not follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), increased production of @entity4 3 to 4-fold. In both the presence and absence of LH, follicle wall preparations secreted about 4-fold more @entity4 than did equivalent amounts of theca interna tissue. Isolated granulosa cells produced only negligible quantities of @entity4 , which suggests that they may contribute to the greater production of @entity4 by follicle wall by supplying progestin precursor to the theca cells. The addition of @entity5 or @entity3 to isolated theca interna increased the secretion of @entity4 , but @entity5 was by far the more effective precursor. This suggested that the delta 5 (delta 5) pathway is the preferred pathway for @entity4 synthesis by @entity1 theca cells and that granulosa cells might supply progestin precursor in the form of @entity5 . Follicle wall and granulosa cell cultures secreted 2 and 7 times more @entity5 , respectively, than did theca cultures. Luteinizing hormone, but not FSH, increased production of @entity5 by the follicle wall, whereas the gonadotropins had no effect on secretion by either granulosa or theca cells. Since exogenous @entity0 enhanced the production of @entity5 by granulosa cells, thecal @entity2 (which is stimulated by LH) may increase the ability of granulosa cells to make @entity5 and explain the stimulatory effect of LH on @entity5 secretion by follicle wall.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: XXXX theca and granulosa cells interact to promote @entity2 production.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Pieces of theca interna or follicle wall (theca interna + attached granulosa cells), obtained from @entity1 preovulatory follicles prior to the surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) and cultured for 3 days, secreted @entity4 . Luteinizing hormone, but not follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), increased production of @entity4 3 to 4-fold. In both the presence and absence of LH, follicle wall preparations secreted about 4-fold more @entity4 than did equivalent amounts of theca interna tissue. Isolated granulosa cells produced only negligible quantities of @entity4 , which suggests that they may contribute to the greater production of @entity4 by follicle wall by supplying progestin precursor to the theca cells. The addition of @entity5 or @entity3 to isolated theca interna increased the secretion of @entity4 , but @entity5 was by far the more effective precursor. This suggested that the delta 5 (delta 5) pathway is the preferred pathway for @entity4 synthesis by @entity1 theca cells and that granulosa cells might supply progestin precursor in the form of @entity5 . Follicle wall and granulosa cell cultures secreted 2 and 7 times more @entity5 , respectively, than did theca cultures. Luteinizing hormone, but not FSH, increased production of @entity5 by the follicle wall, whereas the gonadotropins had no effect on secretion by either granulosa or theca cells. Since exogenous @entity0 enhanced the production of @entity5 by granulosa cells, thecal @entity2 (which is stimulated by LH) may increase the ability of granulosa cells to make @entity5 and explain the stimulatory effect of LH on @entity5 secretion by follicle wall.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: @entity1 theca and granulosa cells interact to promote XXXX production.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The development of techniques for manipulating nucleic acids and strategies for delivering DNA to @entity0 has made gene therapy a reality. Although mostly focused on genetically based diseases so far, there is every reason to expand the concept to include @entity1 . @entity7 may be a good target for gene therapy because of the high mortality and need for only transient treatment. Genes can be delivered in vivo using viral vectors (replication-deficient adenovirus and adeno-associated virus most often). Viral vectors have some negatives, mainly the triggering of an inflammatory and an immune response. Nonviral DNA delivery systems include liposomes (cationic or anionic), direct DNA injection, and polycation-DNA-glycoconjugates. Combining liposomes with viral components to deliver plasmids with a transgene may improve efficiency of delivery without causing @entity2 . In a model of @entity4 , in vivo delivery of a vector hyperexpressing the @entity6 synthase gene using cationic liposomes resulted in increased production of @entity5 and @entity8 in the lungs, and protected the lungs from the effects of endotoxin. This end-result demonstrates the feasibility of this approach. A similar rationale for the treatment of @entity3 could be used. Other promising therapeutic genes would include those encoding antioxidant enzymes or antiproteases. The logistics for moving to initial studies of gene therapy in critically ill @entity0 have been worked out for other diseases; such steps should expedite the exploration of this new category of therapies.

title: Gene therapy in acute XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Although @entity2 is common, it has been the focus of few therapeutic trials. In addition to the problems raised by clinical trials in @entity2 in general and to the difficulties due to the unforeseeable course of @entity2 of the trapezometacarpal and finger joints, the lack of a clinical tool for assessing @entity1 and function over time is an additional obstacle. We propose an algofunctional index designed for evaluation and symptomatic follow-up of @entity0 with @entity2 . The index is based on a physician-administered questionnaire on 10 daily activities involving the hands. The @entity0 is asked to answer each item using a 4-point verbal scale, from "possible without difficulty" (0) to "impossible" (3 points); thus, total scores range from 0 to 30. This index has been used in a few clinical placebo-controlled trials and was found sensitive to change. The aim of this study was to assess the metrological qualities of this index, including consistency (internal and external), sensitivity and specificity (by scoring the index in different groups of subjects), intra-observer reproducibility, and ease of use. Three hundred @entity0 were recruited by 25 rheumatologists: 100 had a @entity1 (mean age: 64.9 years) with a score of more than 40 mm on a visual analog scale for overall @entity1 severity (mean: 57.3 +/- 14 mm), 100 had "inactive" @entity2 (mean age 67.0 years), and 100 had no diseases of the upper limbs. Specificity/sensitivity: the mean index score was 12.41 +/- 5.41 in @entity0 with painful @entity2 , 4.28 +/- 3.87 in "inactive" cases, and 0.59 +/- 1.23 in controls. External consistency: the overall mean score was well correlated with @entity1 severity: r = 0.49 (p < 0.001). Internal consistency: principal component analysis identified a primary @entity3 responsible for 44.2% of the variance and two secondary axes each responsible for slightly more than 9% of the variance. None of the questions seemed redundant. Intra-observer reproducibility: two evaluations done one hour apart in symptomatic @entity0 yielded the following scores: 12.32 +/- 5.41 and 12.5 +/- 5.51 (correlation: 0.95; mean difference: 0.17 +/- 1.64; coefficient of variation: 9.32%). Kappa values for both measurements of each item ranged from 0.68 to 0.87. Ease of use: mean time needed to determine the score 2.5 +/- 2 min. The scoring process was considered simple by 100% of investigators and easy/very easy by 98% of @entity0 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Validation of an algofunctional index for XXXX of the hand.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combined intra-operative ablation and resection (CARe) is proposed to treat extensive @entity2 ( @entity2 ). This multicenter study was conducted to evaluate overall survival (OS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), hepatic recurrence-free survival (HRFS) and progression-free survival (PFS), to identify factors associated with survival, and to report complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four centers combined retropectively their clinical experiences regarding @entity2 treated by CARe. @entity2 characteristics, pre- and post-operative chemotherapy regimens, surgical procedures, complications and survivals were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the 288 @entity0 who received CARe, 210 (73%) had synchronous and 255 (88%) had bilateral @entity2 . Twenty-two @entity0 (8%) had @entity5 . Median follow-up was 3.17 years (95%CI 2.83-4.08). Median OS was 3.33 years (95%CI 3.08-4.17) and 5-year OS was 37% (95%CI 29-45). One- and 5-year LRFS from ablated lesions were 87.9% (95%CI 83.3-91.2) and 78.0% (95%CI 71-83), respectively. Median HRFS and PFS were 14 months (95%CI 11-18) and 9 months (95%CI 8-11), respectively. One hundred @entity0 experienced complications: 29 grade I, 68 grade II-III-IV, and three @entity3 . In the multivariate models adjusted for center, the occurrence of complications was confirmed as a major independent factor associated with 3-year OS (HR 1.80; P=0.008). Five-year OS was 25.6% (95%CI 14.9-37.6) for @entity0 with complications and 45% (95%CI 33.3-53.4) for @entity0 without. CONCLUSIONS: Recent strategies facing advanced @entity2 include non-anatomic resections, portal-induced @entity4 of the future remnant liver and aggressive medical preoperative treatments. CARe has the qualities of an approach that allows effective @entity1 clearance while maintaining good tolerance for the @entity0 .

title: Combined Ablation and Resection (CARe) as an Effective Parenchymal Sparing Treatment for Extensive XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity10 and @entity8 signaling pathways have been extensively studied in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) as possible mediators of disease. Monocytes are a major source of pro-inflammatory cytokines and are understudied in @entity4 . In the current project, we investigated sex differences in monocyte activation and its implications in @entity4 disease pathogenesis. METHODS: @entity0 blood samples from 27 healthy male controls, 32 healthy female controls, and 25 female @entity0 with @entity4 matched for age and race were studied. Monocyte activation was tested by flow cytometry and ELISA, including subset proportions, @entity7 , @entity9 and @entity5 expression, the percentage of @entity2 -producing monocytes, plasma levels of sCD14 and @entity2 , and urine levels of @entity3 . RESULTS: Monocytes were significantly more activated in @entity0 compared to @entity0 and in @entity0 with @entity4 compared to controls in vivo. We observed increased proportions of non-classic monocytes, decreased proportions of classic monocytes, elevated levels of plasma sCD14 as well as reduced surface expression of @entity7 on monocytes comparing @entity0 to @entity0 and @entity4 @entity0 to controls. Plasma levels of @entity2 were positively related to sCD14 and serum @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Monocyte activation and @entity6 responsiveness are altered in @entity0 compared to @entity0 and in @entity0 with @entity4 compared to controls. These sex differences may allow persistent systemic @entity1 and resultant enhanced @entity4 susceptibility.

title: Sex Differences in Monocyte Activation in XXXX ( @entity4 ).

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity10 and @entity8 signaling pathways have been extensively studied in @entity4 ( @entity4 ) as possible mediators of disease. Monocytes are a major source of pro-inflammatory cytokines and are understudied in @entity4 . In the current project, we investigated sex differences in monocyte activation and its implications in @entity4 disease pathogenesis. METHODS: @entity0 blood samples from 27 healthy male controls, 32 healthy female controls, and 25 female @entity0 with @entity4 matched for age and race were studied. Monocyte activation was tested by flow cytometry and ELISA, including subset proportions, @entity7 , @entity9 and @entity5 expression, the percentage of @entity2 -producing monocytes, plasma levels of sCD14 and @entity2 , and urine levels of @entity3 . RESULTS: Monocytes were significantly more activated in @entity0 compared to @entity0 and in @entity0 with @entity4 compared to controls in vivo. We observed increased proportions of non-classic monocytes, decreased proportions of classic monocytes, elevated levels of plasma sCD14 as well as reduced surface expression of @entity7 on monocytes comparing @entity0 to @entity0 and @entity4 @entity0 to controls. Plasma levels of @entity2 were positively related to sCD14 and serum @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Monocyte activation and @entity6 responsiveness are altered in @entity0 compared to @entity0 and in @entity0 with @entity4 compared to controls. These sex differences may allow persistent systemic @entity1 and resultant enhanced @entity4 susceptibility.

title: Sex Differences in Monocyte Activation in @entity4 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity5 ) is widely used for the treatment of systemic @entity2 . The current therapeutic regimens for this drug are complex and somewhat empirical, in part because of very limited information about the disposition kinetics of this agent. In this study, we examined the disposition kinetics of @entity5 as a function of dose and estimated clearance values using a steady state study design in an animal model. Groups of male @entity1 were given different two-step infusion regimens to achieve three different steady state concentrations (i.e., three different total infused doses). We observed no significant differences in systemic clearance among the three @entity5 doses studied. Similarly, only small differences were seen in volumes of distribution as a function of dose. However, renal clearance decreased significantly as the total infused dose was increased (0.76 +/- 0.33, 0.86 +/- 0.24, and 0.37 +/- 0.04 mL min-1 kg-1 for the low-medium and high-dose groups, respectively; p < 0.05). Signs of @entity0 were observed in the high-dose group, as documented by decreased @entity3 clearance. Dose-dependent renal clearance may have been due either to nephrotoxicity associated with the high dose of @entity5 and/or to saturation of an active secretion process. Furthermore, clearance values estimated from steady state conditions were similar to those from time-averaged values (based on the estimation of area under the plasma concentration-time profile). This suggests that clearance calculations from time-averaged concentrations provide reasonable estimates, since steady state plasma concentrations could be reliably determined. However, the possibility that a true tissue steady state condition was not achieved with our study design cannot be ruled out. Further investigation is necessary to identify the renal excretion mechanisms of @entity5 and to reach steady state tissue concentration to confirm the estimation of systemic clearance.

title: Pharmacokinetics of XXXX in @entity1 as a function of dose following constant-rate intravenous infusion.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity5 ) is widely used for the treatment of systemic @entity2 . The current therapeutic regimens for this drug are complex and somewhat empirical, in part because of very limited information about the disposition kinetics of this agent. In this study, we examined the disposition kinetics of @entity5 as a function of dose and estimated clearance values using a steady state study design in an animal model. Groups of male @entity1 were given different two-step infusion regimens to achieve three different steady state concentrations (i.e., three different total infused doses). We observed no significant differences in systemic clearance among the three @entity5 doses studied. Similarly, only small differences were seen in volumes of distribution as a function of dose. However, renal clearance decreased significantly as the total infused dose was increased (0.76 +/- 0.33, 0.86 +/- 0.24, and 0.37 +/- 0.04 mL min-1 kg-1 for the low-medium and high-dose groups, respectively; p < 0.05). Signs of @entity0 were observed in the high-dose group, as documented by decreased @entity3 clearance. Dose-dependent renal clearance may have been due either to nephrotoxicity associated with the high dose of @entity5 and/or to saturation of an active secretion process. Furthermore, clearance values estimated from steady state conditions were similar to those from time-averaged values (based on the estimation of area under the plasma concentration-time profile). This suggests that clearance calculations from time-averaged concentrations provide reasonable estimates, since steady state plasma concentrations could be reliably determined. However, the possibility that a true tissue steady state condition was not achieved with our study design cannot be ruled out. Further investigation is necessary to identify the renal excretion mechanisms of @entity5 and to reach steady state tissue concentration to confirm the estimation of systemic clearance.

title: Pharmacokinetics of @entity4 in XXXX as a function of dose following constant-rate intravenous infusion.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two @entity0 treated with parenteral @entity7 (Triniol) and @entity5 (Sedionbel) are described. A few minutes after administration of the drugs, they presented @entity2 ( @entity0 1 and 2) and @entity6 ( @entity0 1). The purpose of our study was to determine the cause of the @entity0 ' reactions, the immunological mechanisms involved and whether these @entity0 would be able to tolerate any kind of corticoid. Clinical examinations and skin, oral and parenteral challenges with different @entity3 and ELISA tests were performed. In the two @entity0 , skin and ELISA tests with @entity7 were negative, as was the prick test with each of its excipients. A single-blind parenteral challenge with Triniol was positive in both @entity0 after the administration of 1 ml of the drug, and negative with its excipients. We also carried out oral and parenteral challenges with other @entity3 and found intolerance to some of them. These results suggest that @entity7 caused pseudoallergic reactions in our @entity0 . @entity3 different from @entity7 also produced @entity1 reactions in these @entity0 ; however, a few of them were tolerated. The basic mechanisms of those reactions are not yet fully understood. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a pseudo- @entity4 caused by @entity7 .

title: Pseudo- XXXX to @entity3 : diagnosis and alternatives.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two @entity0 treated with parenteral @entity7 (Triniol) and @entity5 (Sedionbel) are described. A few minutes after administration of the drugs, they presented @entity2 ( @entity0 1 and 2) and @entity6 ( @entity0 1). The purpose of our study was to determine the cause of the @entity0 ' reactions, the immunological mechanisms involved and whether these @entity0 would be able to tolerate any kind of corticoid. Clinical examinations and skin, oral and parenteral challenges with different @entity3 and ELISA tests were performed. In the two @entity0 , skin and ELISA tests with @entity7 were negative, as was the prick test with each of its excipients. A single-blind parenteral challenge with Triniol was positive in both @entity0 after the administration of 1 ml of the drug, and negative with its excipients. We also carried out oral and parenteral challenges with other @entity3 and found intolerance to some of them. These results suggest that @entity7 caused pseudoallergic reactions in our @entity0 . @entity3 different from @entity7 also produced @entity1 reactions in these @entity0 ; however, a few of them were tolerated. The basic mechanisms of those reactions are not yet fully understood. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a pseudo- @entity4 caused by @entity7 .

title: Pseudo- @entity1 to XXXX : diagnosis and alternatives.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Effective and less toxic treatments are needed for @entity0 with severe, @entity1 -dependent @entity3 . Both low-dose oral @entity4 and high-dose intramuscular @entity6 have been recommended for these @entity0 . We compared the effects of these two medications on pulmonary function, peak flow rates, airway reactivity, oral @entity1 use, emergency room (ER) visits, and hospitalizations in @entity0 with @entity1 -dependent, life-threatening @entity3 . In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, we investigated 19 such @entity0 . Six of the @entity0 (Group I) received a single dose of 360 mg @entity6 intramuscularly with placebo @entity4 ; seven @entity0 (Group II) received placebo @entity6 followed by low-dose oral @entity4 (a first dose of 7.5 mg followed by 15 mg weekly); and six @entity0 (Group III) received placebo @entity6 with placebo @entity4 . All @entity0 used the same high-dose inhaled @entity2 . The @entity0 took tapering courses of oral @entity2 when needed, but attempted to reduce their oral @entity1 use whenever possible. @entity5 challenge testing was performed every 6 wk, pulmonary function tests every 4 wk, and home peak-flow measurements twice daily. Oral @entity1 use, ER visits, and hospitalizations were also monitored. The @entity0 in the @entity6 treatment group showed a significant and sustained increase in home peak-flow rates, and their FEV1 persistently improved by a mean of 40% (p < 0.05), whereas the FEV1 of the @entity0 in the @entity4 treatment and placebo groups remained near baseline. The PC20 in the @entity6 group increased progressively (p > 0.05), and the improvements in total mean reactivity were greater in this group than in either of the other two groups (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Single, high-dose intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide versus weekly oral XXXX in life-threatening @entity3 : a double-blind study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Effective and less toxic treatments are needed for @entity0 with severe, @entity1 -dependent @entity3 . Both low-dose oral @entity4 and high-dose intramuscular @entity6 have been recommended for these @entity0 . We compared the effects of these two medications on pulmonary function, peak flow rates, airway reactivity, oral @entity1 use, emergency room (ER) visits, and hospitalizations in @entity0 with @entity1 -dependent, life-threatening @entity3 . In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, we investigated 19 such @entity0 . Six of the @entity0 (Group I) received a single dose of 360 mg @entity6 intramuscularly with placebo @entity4 ; seven @entity0 (Group II) received placebo @entity6 followed by low-dose oral @entity4 (a first dose of 7.5 mg followed by 15 mg weekly); and six @entity0 (Group III) received placebo @entity6 with placebo @entity4 . All @entity0 used the same high-dose inhaled @entity2 . The @entity0 took tapering courses of oral @entity2 when needed, but attempted to reduce their oral @entity1 use whenever possible. @entity5 challenge testing was performed every 6 wk, pulmonary function tests every 4 wk, and home peak-flow measurements twice daily. Oral @entity1 use, ER visits, and hospitalizations were also monitored. The @entity0 in the @entity6 treatment group showed a significant and sustained increase in home peak-flow rates, and their FEV1 persistently improved by a mean of 40% (p < 0.05), whereas the FEV1 of the @entity0 in the @entity4 treatment and placebo groups remained near baseline. The PC20 in the @entity6 group increased progressively (p > 0.05), and the improvements in total mean reactivity were greater in this group than in either of the other two groups (p < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Single, high-dose intramuscular triamcinolone acetonide versus weekly oral @entity4 in life-threatening XXXX : a double-blind study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. The release of @entity2 (BK) and its metabolite, @entity4 (des-Arg9-BK), was studied following reperfusion of a globally ischaemic @entity0 heart. 2. BK-like immunoreactivity increased from 13 +/- 3 (preischaemic value) to 48 +/- 12 fmol min-1 g-1 (P < 0.05, n = 14) 30 s after reperfusion. No difference in BK release was found between control hearts and hearts pretreated with the angiotensin converting enzyme ( @entity1 or @entity1 ) inhibitor, @entity3 (50 ng ml-1). 3. No significant change in des-Arg9-BK-like immunoreactivity during reperfusion was observed in control hearts. In contrast, des-Arg9-BK-like immunoreactivity rose from 44 +/- 15 to 177 +/- 61 fmol min-1 g-1 (P < 0.05, n = 7) 30 s after reperfusion in enalaprilat-treated hearts. 4. In conclusion, BK is released upon reperfusion of the globally ischaemic @entity0 heart. @entity1 inhibitors, through the inhibition of @entity1 , increase the formation of the active metabolite, des-Arg9-BK.

title: Effect of enalaprilat on XXXX and des-Arg9- @entity2 release following reperfusion of the ischaemic @entity0 heart.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. The release of @entity2 (BK) and its metabolite, @entity4 (des-Arg9-BK), was studied following reperfusion of a globally ischaemic @entity0 heart. 2. BK-like immunoreactivity increased from 13 +/- 3 (preischaemic value) to 48 +/- 12 fmol min-1 g-1 (P < 0.05, n = 14) 30 s after reperfusion. No difference in BK release was found between control hearts and hearts pretreated with the angiotensin converting enzyme ( @entity1 or @entity1 ) inhibitor, @entity3 (50 ng ml-1). 3. No significant change in des-Arg9-BK-like immunoreactivity during reperfusion was observed in control hearts. In contrast, des-Arg9-BK-like immunoreactivity rose from 44 +/- 15 to 177 +/- 61 fmol min-1 g-1 (P < 0.05, n = 7) 30 s after reperfusion in enalaprilat-treated hearts. 4. In conclusion, BK is released upon reperfusion of the globally ischaemic @entity0 heart. @entity1 inhibitors, through the inhibition of @entity1 , increase the formation of the active metabolite, des-Arg9-BK.

title: Effect of enalaprilat on @entity2 and des-Arg9- XXXX release following reperfusion of the ischaemic @entity0 heart.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. The release of @entity2 (BK) and its metabolite, @entity4 (des-Arg9-BK), was studied following reperfusion of a globally ischaemic @entity0 heart. 2. BK-like immunoreactivity increased from 13 +/- 3 (preischaemic value) to 48 +/- 12 fmol min-1 g-1 (P < 0.05, n = 14) 30 s after reperfusion. No difference in BK release was found between control hearts and hearts pretreated with the angiotensin converting enzyme ( @entity1 or @entity1 ) inhibitor, @entity3 (50 ng ml-1). 3. No significant change in des-Arg9-BK-like immunoreactivity during reperfusion was observed in control hearts. In contrast, des-Arg9-BK-like immunoreactivity rose from 44 +/- 15 to 177 +/- 61 fmol min-1 g-1 (P < 0.05, n = 7) 30 s after reperfusion in enalaprilat-treated hearts. 4. In conclusion, BK is released upon reperfusion of the globally ischaemic @entity0 heart. @entity1 inhibitors, through the inhibition of @entity1 , increase the formation of the active metabolite, des-Arg9-BK.

title: Effect of enalaprilat on @entity2 and des-Arg9- @entity2 release following reperfusion of the ischaemic XXXX heart.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Gamma Knife (GK) surgery is a recognized treatment option for the management of small to medium-sized @entity3 ( @entity3 ) associated with high- @entity1 control and low morbidity. When a radiosurgical treatment fails to stop @entity1 growth, repeat GK surgery can be proposed in selected cases. METHODS: A series of 27 GK retreatments was performed in 25 @entity0 with @entity3 ; 2 @entity0 underwent three procedures. The median time interval between GK treatments was 45 months. The median margin dose used for the first, second, and third GK treatments was 12 Gy, 12 Gy, and 14 Gy, respectively. Six @entity0 (4 @entity0 for the second irradiation and 2 @entity0 for the third irradiation) with partial @entity1 regrowth were treated only on the growing part of the @entity1 using a median margin dose of 13 Gy. The median @entity1 volume was 0.9, 2.3, and 0.7 cc for the first, second, and third treatments, respectively. Stereotactic positron emission tomography (PET) guidance was used for dose planning in 6 cases. RESULTS: Mean follow-up duration was 46 months (range 24-110). At the last follow-up, 85% of @entity2 were controlled. The @entity1 volume decreased, remained unchanged, or increased after retreatment in 15, 8, and 4 cases, respectively. Four @entity0 had PET during follow-up, and all showed a significant metabolic decrease of the @entity1 . Hearing was not preserved after retreatment in any @entity0 . New facial or trigeminal palsy did not occur after retreatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the long-term efficacy and low morbidity of repeat GK treatment for selected @entity0 with @entity1 growth after initial treatment.

title: Repeat Gamma Knife surgery for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. The functional antagonism between @entity4 - or @entity0 -induced @entity3 and beta-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxation was evaluated in @entity1 tracheal smooth muscle in vitro. In addition, the putative contribution of muscarinic M2 receptors mediating inhibition of beta-adrenoceptor-induced biochemical responses to this functional antagonism was investigated with the selective muscarinic antagonists, @entity6 (M1 over M2), AF-DX 116 and @entity7 (M2 over M3), and @entity8 (M3 over M2). 2. By use of isotonic tension measurement, contractions were induced with various concentrations of @entity4 or @entity0 , and @entity5 concentration-relaxation curves were obtained in the absence or presence of the muscarinic antagonists. Antagonist concentrations were chosen so as to produce selective blockade of M2 receptors (AF-DX 116 0.1 microM, @entity7 30 microM), or half-maximal blockade of M3 receptors ( @entity6 0.1 microM, AF-DX 116 0.5 microM, @entity8 0.03 microM). Since these latter antagonist concentrations mimicked KB values towards @entity1 tracheal smooth muscle M3 receptors, antagonist-induced decreases in contractile tone were compensated for by doubling the agonist concentration. 3. It was found that @entity5 -induced relaxation of @entity1 tracheal smooth muscle preparations was dependent on the nature and the concentration of the contractile agonist used. Thus, @entity5 pD2 (-log EC50) values were decreased 3.7 log units as a result of increasing cholinergic tone from 22 to 106%, and 2.4 log units by increasing @entity0 tone over a similar range. Furthermore, maximal relaxability of cholinergic tone decreased gradually from 100% at low to only 1.3% at supramaximal @entity3 levels, whereas with @entity0 almost complete relaxation was maintained at all concentrations applied. As a result, @entity5 relaxation was clearly hampered with @entity4 compared to @entity0 at equal levels of contractile tone.4. In the presence of @entity7 , @entity5 relaxation was facilitated for most concentrations of @entity4 , and for all concentrations of @entity0 . These changes could be explained by the decreased @entity3 levels for both contractile agonists in the presence of @entity7 .5. @entity5 -induced relaxation of cholinergic @entity3 was also facilitated by AF-DX 116 as well as by @entity6 and @entity8 , and these (small) changes were again related to the(small) decreases in cholinergic @entity3 levels that were present in these experiments despite the additional administration of the agonist to readjust contractile tone. Similarly, changes in @entity5 relaxation of @entity0 -induced tone could be explained by different @entity3 levels.6. These results can be explained by the sole involvement of muscarinic M3 receptors, and provide no evidence for a role of muscarinic M2 receptors in functional antagonism in @entity1 @entity2 . Furthermore,they stress the importance of taking into account non-cholinergic controls as well as @entity3 levels in these experiments.

title: No evidence for a role of muscarinic M2 receptors in functional antagonism in XXXX @entity2 .

answer: @entity1