abstract: INTRODUCTION: Severe @entity1 follows @entity3 during the neonatal period. The role of @entity2 (NO) in learning and memory has been widely investigated. METHODS: This study aimed to investigate the effect of @entity4 during neonatal and juvenile periods on NO metabolites in the hippocampi of @entity0 and on learning and memory. Animals were divided into two groups and treated for 60 days from the first day of lactation. The control group received regular water, whereas animals in a separate group were given water supplemented with 0.03% @entity7 to induce @entity4 . Male offspring were selected and tested in the Morris water maze. Samples of blood were collected to measure the metabolites of NO, @entity8 , @entity9 and @entity5 . The animals were then sacrificed, and their hippocampi were removed to measure the tissue concentrations of @entity8 and @entity9 . DISCUSSION: Compared to the control group's offspring, serum @entity5 levels in the @entity7 group's offspring were significantly lower (P<0.01). In addition, the swim distance and time latency were significantly higher in the @entity7 group (P<0.001), and the time spent by this group in the target quadrant (Q1) during the probe trial was significantly lower (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the plasma levels of NO metabolites between the two groups; however, significantly higher NO metabolite levels in the hippocampi of the @entity7 group were observed compared to controls (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the increased NO level in the hippocampus may play a role in the learning and @entity6 observed in childhood @entity4 ; however, the precise underlying mechanism(s) remains to be elucidated.

title: @entity2 contributes to learning and @entity6 observed in @entity4 XXXX during neonatal and juvenile growth.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 stimulated membrane-associated protein kinase Cs (PKCs) activity in C6 @entity1 @entity0 cells as much as the potent PKCs stimulator @entity5 ( @entity6 ). However, while @entity6 , as expected, powerfully stimulated the phosphorylation of the PKCs' 85-kDa myristoylated @entity4 -rich protein kinase C substrate ( @entity10 ) protein, @entity7 unexpectedly did not. Instead, @entity7 reduced the basal @entity10 phosphorylation. Pretreating the @entity0 cells with @entity7 prevented @entity6 -stimulated PKCs from phosphorylating the @entity10 protein. The stimulation of membrane PKCs activity and the prevention of @entity10 phosphorylation by @entity7 required external @entity2 because they were both abolished by adding 5 mM @entity8 to the culture medium. Recently (Chakravarthy, B. R., Isaacs, R. J., Morley, P., Durkin, J. P., and Whitfield, J. F. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 1362-1368), we proposed that @entity2 x calmodulin complexes block @entity10 phosphorylation by the activated PKCs in keratinocytes stimulated by raising the external @entity2 concentration. In the present experiments calmodulin prevented @entity10 phosphorylation by @entity6 -stimulated PKCs in @entity0 cell lysates, and this blockade was lifted by a calmodulin antagonist, the calmodulin-binding domain peptide. But, physiologically more significant, pretreating intact @entity0 cells with a cell-permeable calmodulin antagonist, @entity9 , prevented @entity7 from blocking @entity10 phosphorylation by PKCs in unstimulated and @entity6 -stimulated cells. The effect of @entity7 on @entity10 phosphorylation was not due to the stimulation of @entity2 x calmodulin-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase, calcineurin, because @entity3 , a potent inhibitor of this phosphatase, did not stop @entity7 from preventing @entity10 phosphorylation. The ability of @entity7 to prevent @entity6 -stimulated PKCs from phosphorylating @entity10 depended on whether @entity7 was added before, with, or after @entity6 . Maximum blockade occurred when @entity7 was added before @entity6 but was less effective when added with or after @entity6 . These results indicate that @entity2 x calmodulin can profoundly affect PKCs' signaling at the substrate level.

title: @entity2 x calmodulin prevents myristoylated XXXX -rich kinase C substrate protein phosphorylation by protein kinase Cs in C6 @entity1 @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity7 stimulated membrane-associated protein kinase Cs (PKCs) activity in C6 @entity1 @entity0 cells as much as the potent PKCs stimulator @entity5 ( @entity6 ). However, while @entity6 , as expected, powerfully stimulated the phosphorylation of the PKCs' 85-kDa myristoylated @entity4 -rich protein kinase C substrate ( @entity10 ) protein, @entity7 unexpectedly did not. Instead, @entity7 reduced the basal @entity10 phosphorylation. Pretreating the @entity0 cells with @entity7 prevented @entity6 -stimulated PKCs from phosphorylating the @entity10 protein. The stimulation of membrane PKCs activity and the prevention of @entity10 phosphorylation by @entity7 required external @entity2 because they were both abolished by adding 5 mM @entity8 to the culture medium. Recently (Chakravarthy, B. R., Isaacs, R. J., Morley, P., Durkin, J. P., and Whitfield, J. F. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 1362-1368), we proposed that @entity2 x calmodulin complexes block @entity10 phosphorylation by the activated PKCs in keratinocytes stimulated by raising the external @entity2 concentration. In the present experiments calmodulin prevented @entity10 phosphorylation by @entity6 -stimulated PKCs in @entity0 cell lysates, and this blockade was lifted by a calmodulin antagonist, the calmodulin-binding domain peptide. But, physiologically more significant, pretreating intact @entity0 cells with a cell-permeable calmodulin antagonist, @entity9 , prevented @entity7 from blocking @entity10 phosphorylation by PKCs in unstimulated and @entity6 -stimulated cells. The effect of @entity7 on @entity10 phosphorylation was not due to the stimulation of @entity2 x calmodulin-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase, calcineurin, because @entity3 , a potent inhibitor of this phosphatase, did not stop @entity7 from preventing @entity10 phosphorylation. The ability of @entity7 to prevent @entity6 -stimulated PKCs from phosphorylating @entity10 depended on whether @entity7 was added before, with, or after @entity6 . Maximum blockade occurred when @entity7 was added before @entity6 but was less effective when added with or after @entity6 . These results indicate that @entity2 x calmodulin can profoundly affect PKCs' signaling at the substrate level.

title: XXXX x calmodulin prevents myristoylated @entity4 -rich kinase C substrate protein phosphorylation by protein kinase Cs in C6 @entity1 @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity7 stimulated membrane-associated protein kinase Cs (PKCs) activity in C6 @entity1 @entity0 cells as much as the potent PKCs stimulator @entity5 ( @entity6 ). However, while @entity6 , as expected, powerfully stimulated the phosphorylation of the PKCs' 85-kDa myristoylated @entity4 -rich protein kinase C substrate ( @entity10 ) protein, @entity7 unexpectedly did not. Instead, @entity7 reduced the basal @entity10 phosphorylation. Pretreating the @entity0 cells with @entity7 prevented @entity6 -stimulated PKCs from phosphorylating the @entity10 protein. The stimulation of membrane PKCs activity and the prevention of @entity10 phosphorylation by @entity7 required external @entity2 because they were both abolished by adding 5 mM @entity8 to the culture medium. Recently (Chakravarthy, B. R., Isaacs, R. J., Morley, P., Durkin, J. P., and Whitfield, J. F. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 1362-1368), we proposed that @entity2 x calmodulin complexes block @entity10 phosphorylation by the activated PKCs in keratinocytes stimulated by raising the external @entity2 concentration. In the present experiments calmodulin prevented @entity10 phosphorylation by @entity6 -stimulated PKCs in @entity0 cell lysates, and this blockade was lifted by a calmodulin antagonist, the calmodulin-binding domain peptide. But, physiologically more significant, pretreating intact @entity0 cells with a cell-permeable calmodulin antagonist, @entity9 , prevented @entity7 from blocking @entity10 phosphorylation by PKCs in unstimulated and @entity6 -stimulated cells. The effect of @entity7 on @entity10 phosphorylation was not due to the stimulation of @entity2 x calmodulin-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase, calcineurin, because @entity3 , a potent inhibitor of this phosphatase, did not stop @entity7 from preventing @entity10 phosphorylation. The ability of @entity7 to prevent @entity6 -stimulated PKCs from phosphorylating @entity10 depended on whether @entity7 was added before, with, or after @entity6 . Maximum blockade occurred when @entity7 was added before @entity6 but was less effective when added with or after @entity6 . These results indicate that @entity2 x calmodulin can profoundly affect PKCs' signaling at the substrate level.

title: @entity2 x calmodulin prevents myristoylated @entity4 -rich kinase C substrate protein phosphorylation by protein kinase Cs in C6 @entity1 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity7 stimulated membrane-associated protein kinase Cs (PKCs) activity in C6 @entity1 @entity0 cells as much as the potent PKCs stimulator @entity5 ( @entity6 ). However, while @entity6 , as expected, powerfully stimulated the phosphorylation of the PKCs' 85-kDa myristoylated @entity4 -rich protein kinase C substrate ( @entity10 ) protein, @entity7 unexpectedly did not. Instead, @entity7 reduced the basal @entity10 phosphorylation. Pretreating the @entity0 cells with @entity7 prevented @entity6 -stimulated PKCs from phosphorylating the @entity10 protein. The stimulation of membrane PKCs activity and the prevention of @entity10 phosphorylation by @entity7 required external @entity2 because they were both abolished by adding 5 mM @entity8 to the culture medium. Recently (Chakravarthy, B. R., Isaacs, R. J., Morley, P., Durkin, J. P., and Whitfield, J. F. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 1362-1368), we proposed that @entity2 x calmodulin complexes block @entity10 phosphorylation by the activated PKCs in keratinocytes stimulated by raising the external @entity2 concentration. In the present experiments calmodulin prevented @entity10 phosphorylation by @entity6 -stimulated PKCs in @entity0 cell lysates, and this blockade was lifted by a calmodulin antagonist, the calmodulin-binding domain peptide. But, physiologically more significant, pretreating intact @entity0 cells with a cell-permeable calmodulin antagonist, @entity9 , prevented @entity7 from blocking @entity10 phosphorylation by PKCs in unstimulated and @entity6 -stimulated cells. The effect of @entity7 on @entity10 phosphorylation was not due to the stimulation of @entity2 x calmodulin-dependent phosphoprotein phosphatase, calcineurin, because @entity3 , a potent inhibitor of this phosphatase, did not stop @entity7 from preventing @entity10 phosphorylation. The ability of @entity7 to prevent @entity6 -stimulated PKCs from phosphorylating @entity10 depended on whether @entity7 was added before, with, or after @entity6 . Maximum blockade occurred when @entity7 was added before @entity6 but was less effective when added with or after @entity6 . These results indicate that @entity2 x calmodulin can profoundly affect PKCs' signaling at the substrate level.

title: @entity2 x calmodulin prevents myristoylated @entity4 -rich kinase C substrate protein phosphorylation by protein kinase Cs in C6 XXXX @entity0 cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: To investigate the efficacy of a novel intraoperative diagnostic technique for @entity0 with preliminary diagnosis of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: @entity0 with pancreatic surgery were reviewed to identify those who received a preliminary diagnosis of @entity3 between January 2010 and January 2014. The following data were collected prospectively for @entity0 with a pathological diagnosis of @entity3 : clinical and demographic features, radiological and operative findings, treatment procedure, and intraoperative capillary refill time (CRT) in the pancreatic bed. RESULTS: Eight @entity0 (six males, two females; mean age: 51.4 years) met the eligibility criteria of pathologically confirmed diagnosis. The most frequent presenting symptoms were @entity1 and @entity2 . The most commonly conducted preoperative imaging studies were computed tomography and endoscopic retrograde pancreaticodoudenography. The most common intraoperative macroscopic observations were mass formation in the pancreatic head and diffuse hypervascularization in the pancreatic bed. All @entity0 showed decreased CRT (median value: 0.76 s, range: 0.58-1.35). One-half of the @entity0 underwent surgical resection and the other half received medical treatment without any further surgical intervention. CONCLUSION: This preliminary study demonstrates a novel experience with measurement of CRT in the pancreatic bed during the intraoperative evaluation of @entity0 with @entity3 .

title: Capillary refill time as a guide for operational decision-making process of XXXX : Preliminary results.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cancer of the prostate a worldwide public health concern. It is the most commonly diagnosed @entity1 in @entity0 and ranked second as the cause of @entity1 . OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the awareness and attitude of the populace to screening for @entity2 . METHODS: It is a cross-sectional study involving 156 respondents. A structured questionnaire detailing the biodata, the knowledge of @entity2 , the practice of screening by @entity3 ( @entity3 ) estimation and the readiness to undergo screening by the respondent was used to obtain the set-out objectives. RESULTS: A total of 156 respondents completed the questionnaire and forms the basis of further analysis. The mean age of the respondents is 44.15 (+/- 11.9) years. Majority of the respondents were civil servant (51.9%) followed closely by politicians. About 23.1% of them have no formal education while 53.8% have acquired tertiary education. The result shows that 78.8% have never heard any information on @entity2 and only 5.8% have heard about @entity3 . None of the respondents have ever had @entity3 test done, even once. Eighty four per cent of the respondents are ready to pay for @entity2 screening test by @entity3 assay. CONCLUSION: We conclude that there was remarkable lack of awareness of @entity2 among the Nigerian native African urban populace. @entity2 screening and serum @entity3 test for screening is globally unknown among them.

title: Knowledge of XXXX screening among native African urban population in Nigeria.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Objective   To identify clinicopathologic factors associated with a reduced @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and subgroups at risk for internal carotid @entity3 during transsphenoidal surgery. Design   A retrospective case-control study. Setting   This study was conducted at the McGill University Health Centre, a university-affiliated tertiary care center. @entity0   @entity0 with a sellar or parasellar @entity1 and nontumor controls were included in the study. Main Outcome Measures   The smallest distance between the internal carotid arteries at the clival, cavernous, and paraclinoid segments on coronal magnetic resonance imaging was measured. Demographic profiles, cephalometric measurements, @entity1 dimensions, and sphenoid configuration were assessed as potential determinants of the @entity6 . Results   A total of 212 cases and 34 controls were analyzed. Widening of the @entity6 at the three segments of the internal carotid arteries was found in @entity0 with @entity5 (p   <   0.01). @entity0 with a growth hormone-secreting @entity2 had a markedly reduced @entity6 at the clivus compared with controls (1.59 cm versus 1.77 cm; p   =   0.02; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.03-0.32). The paraclinoid @entity6 was reduced in @entity0 with an @entity4 (1.24 cm versus 1.33 cm; p   =   0.04; 95% CI, 0.01-0.45). Conclusion   Identifying clinicopathologic factors affecting the @entity6 can help surgeons recognize constraints to endoscopic access of the skull base and avoid inadvertent @entity3 .

title: Indicators of a Reduced Intercarotid Artery Distance in XXXX Undergoing Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe a family pedigree with a previously undescribed association of autosomal dominantly @entity10 . METHODS: Case series study performed on 15 family members. Examination included history taking, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, slit-lamp, gonioscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy (10 members), @entity4 angiography (5 members), general examination and renal ultrasound (4 members), and hemoglobin electrophoresis for the proband and another member. RESULTS: Family pedigree revealed @entity1 . Visual acuity ranged from 6/36 to no light perception. Examination revealed @entity3 and @entity12 bulbi in 11 eyes. Indirect ophthalmoscopy for 11 eyes revealed evidence of an ocular triad of peripheral @entity9 , disk anomaly (cavitary @entity7 or @entity8 ), and tessellated fundus of @entity6 . The authors also observed new vessels elsewhere with or without extensive subretinal exudations in 6 eyes. All @entity0 with any residual vision (up to perception of light) had @entity2 . Four affected members underwent general examination, renal ultrasound, and serum @entity5 level (to exclude @entity13 ), and all were normal. Hemoglobin electrophoresis (to exclude @entity11 ) revealed within normal values. CONCLUSION: To the authors' knowledge, the aforementioned ocular triad has not been previously described, in association, with an autosomal-dominant pattern of inheritance.

title: PERIPHERAL AVASCULAR RETINA WITH DISK ANOMALY AND HIGH MYOPIA: A Novel Association in a XXXX .

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combining risk factors for @entity2 into a predictive tool may improve the detection of @entity2 while decreasing the number of benign biopsies. We compare one such tool, age multiplied by prostate volume divided by total serum PSA (PSA-AV) with PSA density and detection of primary malignant circulating prostate cells (CPCs) in a @entity2 screening program. The objectives were not only to determine the predictive values of each, but to determine the number of clinically significant @entity1 that would have been detected or missed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted of all @entity0 undergoing 12 core ultrasound guided prostate biopsy for suspicion of @entity1 attending the Hospital DIPRECA and Hospital de Carabineros de Chile. Total serum PSA was registered, prostate volumecalculated at the moment of biopsy, and an 8 ml blood simple taken immediately before the biopsy procedure. Mononuclear cells were obtained from the blood simple using differential gel centrifugation and CPCs identified using immunocytchemistry with anti- PSA and anti- @entity3 . Biopsy results were classed as positive or negative for @entity1 and if positive the Gleason score, number of positive cores and percent infiltration recorded. RESULTS: A total of 664 @entity0 participated, of whom 234 (35.2%) had @entity1 detected. They were older, had higher mean PSA, PSA density and lower PSA-AV. Detection of CPCs had high predictive score, sensitivity, sensibility and positive and negative predictive values, PSA-AV was not significantly different from PSA density in this population. The use of CPC detection avoided more biopsies and missed fewer significant @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In this screening population the use of CPC detection predicted the presence of clinically significant @entity2 better than the other parameters. The high negative predictive value would allow @entity0 CPC negative to avoid biopsy but remain in follow up. The formula PSA-AV did not add to the predictive performance using PSA density.

title: Comparison of the Formula of PSA, Age, Prostate Volume and Race Versus PSA Density and the Detection of Primary Malignant Circulating Prostate Cells in Predicting a Positive Initial Prostate Biopsy in Chilean @entity0 with Suspicion of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Combining risk factors for @entity2 into a predictive tool may improve the detection of @entity2 while decreasing the number of benign biopsies. We compare one such tool, age multiplied by prostate volume divided by total serum PSA (PSA-AV) with PSA density and detection of primary malignant circulating prostate cells (CPCs) in a @entity2 screening program. The objectives were not only to determine the predictive values of each, but to determine the number of clinically significant @entity1 that would have been detected or missed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study was conducted of all @entity0 undergoing 12 core ultrasound guided prostate biopsy for suspicion of @entity1 attending the Hospital DIPRECA and Hospital de Carabineros de Chile. Total serum PSA was registered, prostate volumecalculated at the moment of biopsy, and an 8 ml blood simple taken immediately before the biopsy procedure. Mononuclear cells were obtained from the blood simple using differential gel centrifugation and CPCs identified using immunocytchemistry with anti- PSA and anti- @entity3 . Biopsy results were classed as positive or negative for @entity1 and if positive the Gleason score, number of positive cores and percent infiltration recorded. RESULTS: A total of 664 @entity0 participated, of whom 234 (35.2%) had @entity1 detected. They were older, had higher mean PSA, PSA density and lower PSA-AV. Detection of CPCs had high predictive score, sensitivity, sensibility and positive and negative predictive values, PSA-AV was not significantly different from PSA density in this population. The use of CPC detection avoided more biopsies and missed fewer significant @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: In this screening population the use of CPC detection predicted the presence of clinically significant @entity2 better than the other parameters. The high negative predictive value would allow @entity0 CPC negative to avoid biopsy but remain in follow up. The formula PSA-AV did not add to the predictive performance using PSA density.

title: Comparison of the Formula of PSA, Age, Prostate Volume and Race Versus PSA Density and the Detection of Primary Malignant Circulating Prostate Cells in Predicting a Positive Initial Prostate Biopsy in Chilean XXXX with Suspicion of @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The validity of equations for the calculation of resting metabolic rate (RMR) were studied and new predictive equations were developed. STUDY DESIGN: The RMR was measured in a sample of 371 10- to 16-year-old prepubertal and postpubertal @entity0 . The study group included 193 male (116 nonobese and 77 @entity1 ) and 178 female (119 nonobese and 59 @entity1 ) subjects; for each group the RMRs predicted from five equations recommended for this age group were compared. The RMR was assessed by indirect calorimetry with a ventilated hood system for 45 minutes after an overnight fast. Body composition was estimated from skin-fold measurements. RESULTS: The mean +/- SD RMR was found to be 5600 +/- 972 kJ/24 hr and 7223 +/- 1220 kJ/24 hr in nonobese and @entity1 @entity0 , and 5112 +/- 632 kJ/24 hr and 6665 +/- 1106 kJ/24 hr in nonobese and @entity1 @entity0 , respectively. All five equations applicable to 10- to 16-year-old @entity0 overestimated RMR by 7.5% to 18.1% (p < 0.001 for each equation). Stepwise regression analysis, with independent variables such as age, weight, height, and gender, allowed development of new predictive equations for the calculation of RMR in 10- to 16-year-old @entity0 (RMR = 50.9 Weight (kg) + 25.3 Height (cm) -50.3 Age (yr) + 26.9; R2 = 0.884, p < 0.0001) and @entity0 (RMR = 51.2 Weight (kg) + 24.5 Height (cm) - 207.5 Age (yr) + 1629.8; R2 = 0.824, p < 0.0001). These predictive equations were tested in a second, independent cohort of @entity0 (80 male and 61 female subject) and were found to give a reliable estimate of RMR in 10- to 16-year-old @entity1 and nonobese adolescents. CONCLUSIONS: The currently used predictive equations overestimate RMR in 10- to 16-year-old @entity0 . The use of the newly developed equations is recommended.

title: Measured and predicted resting metabolic rate in XXXX and nonobese adolescents.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although most @entity9 with hypomagenesemia in the neonatal period is due to transient @entity1 , @entity6 channel defects should also be considered. CASE: We report a case of persistent @entity5 in an 8-day-old Hispanic male who presented with generalized @entity2 . He was initially found to have @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity7 and normal @entity4 . Serum @entity3 normalized with administration of @entity10 and @entity11 . Serum @entity6 improved with oral @entity8 . However, 1 week after @entity6 was discontinued, serum @entity6 declined to 0.5 mg/dL. @entity6 supplementation was immediately restarted, and periodic @entity2 activity resolved after serum @entity6 concentration was maintained above 0.9 mg/dL. The @entity0 was eventually weaned off oral @entity3 and @entity10 with persistent normocalemia. However, supraphysiologic oral @entity6 doses were necessary to prevent @entity2 and maintain serum @entity6 at the low limit of normal. METHODS AND RESULTS: As his clinical presentation suggested primary renal @entity6 wastage, @entity12 gene mutations were suspected; subsequent genetic testing revealed the @entity0 to be compound heterozygous for @entity12 mutations. CONCLUSION: Two novel @entity12 mutations are described with a new geographic and ethnic origin. This case highlights the importance of recognizing disorders of @entity6 imbalance and describing new genetic mutations.

title: @entity5 due to two novel XXXX mutations.

answer: @entity12


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although most @entity9 with hypomagenesemia in the neonatal period is due to transient @entity1 , @entity6 channel defects should also be considered. CASE: We report a case of persistent @entity5 in an 8-day-old Hispanic male who presented with generalized @entity2 . He was initially found to have @entity5 , @entity9 , @entity7 and normal @entity4 . Serum @entity3 normalized with administration of @entity10 and @entity11 . Serum @entity6 improved with oral @entity8 . However, 1 week after @entity6 was discontinued, serum @entity6 declined to 0.5 mg/dL. @entity6 supplementation was immediately restarted, and periodic @entity2 activity resolved after serum @entity6 concentration was maintained above 0.9 mg/dL. The @entity0 was eventually weaned off oral @entity3 and @entity10 with persistent normocalemia. However, supraphysiologic oral @entity6 doses were necessary to prevent @entity2 and maintain serum @entity6 at the low limit of normal. METHODS AND RESULTS: As his clinical presentation suggested primary renal @entity6 wastage, @entity12 gene mutations were suspected; subsequent genetic testing revealed the @entity0 to be compound heterozygous for @entity12 mutations. CONCLUSION: Two novel @entity12 mutations are described with a new geographic and ethnic origin. This case highlights the importance of recognizing disorders of @entity6 imbalance and describing new genetic mutations.

title: XXXX due to two novel @entity12 mutations.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cost-effectiveness analyses provide insight in the use of lifestyle interventions. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention compared to usual care in @entity0 with @entity2 , 340 @entity0 with @entity2 were randomized to the intervention or control group. LDL @entity1 , quality of life and costs were measured at 0 and 12 months. Cost-effectiveness analyses were performed from a healthcare perspective using bootstrapping techniques. RESULTS: Non-significant decreases in LDL @entity1 and quality of life were found. The mean between-group difference in costs was    -237 (95% CI -1,386 to 130). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were 1,729 per 1 mmol/l LDL @entity1 and 145,899 per QALY gained. Assumed that the small non-significant decrease in LDL @entity1 is attributed to the intervention, the probability of cost-effectiveness of the intervention compared to usual care was 91% per 1 mmol/l LDL @entity1 reduction and 75% per QALY gained at a ceiling ratio of    20,000. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention is not cost-effective. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NTR1899, date 07-07-2009.

title: An economic evaluation alongside a randomized controlled trial evaluating an individually tailored lifestyle intervention compared with usual care in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cost-effectiveness analyses provide insight in the use of lifestyle interventions. To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention compared to usual care in @entity0 with @entity2 , 340 @entity0 with @entity2 were randomized to the intervention or control group. LDL @entity1 , quality of life and costs were measured at 0 and 12 months. Cost-effectiveness analyses were performed from a healthcare perspective using bootstrapping techniques. RESULTS: Non-significant decreases in LDL @entity1 and quality of life were found. The mean between-group difference in costs was    -237 (95% CI -1,386 to 130). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were 1,729 per 1 mmol/l LDL @entity1 and 145,899 per QALY gained. Assumed that the small non-significant decrease in LDL @entity1 is attributed to the intervention, the probability of cost-effectiveness of the intervention compared to usual care was 91% per 1 mmol/l LDL @entity1 reduction and 75% per QALY gained at a ceiling ratio of    20,000. CONCLUSIONS: The intervention is not cost-effective. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NTR1899, date 07-07-2009.

title: An economic evaluation alongside a randomized controlled trial evaluating an individually tailored lifestyle intervention compared with usual care in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Skeletal @entity1 typically result from traumatic incidents such as @entity2 where soft-tissue extremity @entity2 are present in one of four cases. Further, about 4.5 million reconstructive surgical procedures are performed annually as a result of car accidents, @entity0 ablation, or cosmetic procedures. These combat- and @entity2 -induced skeletal @entity1 are characterized by volumetric muscle loss (VML), which significantly reduces the functionality of the injured muscle. While skeletal muscle has an innate repair mechanism, it is unable to compensate for VML @entity2 because large amounts of tissue including connective tissue and basement membrane are removed or destroyed. This results in a significant need to develop off-the-shelf biomimetic scaffolds to direct skeletal muscle regeneration. Here, the structure and organization of native skeletal muscle tissue is described in order to reveal clear design parameters that are necessary for scaffolds to mimic in order to successfully regenerate muscular tissue. We review the literature with respect to the materials and methodologies used to develop scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue regeneration as well as the limitations of these materials. We further discuss the variety of cell sources and @entity2 models to provide some context for the multiple approaches used to evaluate these scaffold materials. Recent findings are highlighted to address the state of the field and directions are outlined for future strategies, both in scaffold design and in the use of @entity2 models to evaluate these materials, for regenerating functional skeletal muscle. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Volumetric muscle loss (VML) @entity2 result from traumatic incidents such as those presented from combat missions, where soft-tissue extremity @entity2 are represented in one of four cases. These @entity2 remove or destroy large amounts of skeletal muscle including the basement membrane and connective tissue, removing the structural, mechanical, and biochemical cues that usually direct its repair. This results in a significant need to develop off-the-shelf biomimetic scaffolds to direct skeletal muscle regeneration. In this review, we examine current strategies for the development of scaffold materials designed for skeletal muscle regeneration, highlighting advances and limitations associated with these methodologies. Finally, we identify future approaches to enhance skeletal muscle regeneration.

title: Biomimetic scaffolds for regeneration of volumetric muscle loss in skeletal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Chemically modified surfaces were introduced during the last decade to improve indications for implant treatment. The @entity3 -modified implant (Osseospeed(  )) was launched in 2004 and clinical studies suggest a more rapid bone formation and stronger bone to implant contact. However, limited clinical data are available on marginal @entity2 and the outcome after >1 year under immediate loading conditions is not fully understood. Hence, the purpose of this prospective study was to present implant survival and marginal bone level data when @entity3 -modified implants are supporting a fully functional rehabilitation from the day after surgery in the completely edentulous mandible. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-five @entity0 , completely edentulous in the mandible, were consecutively treated with five @entity3 -modified implants that were functionally loaded with a provisional screw retained restoration. Marginal @entity2 was measured from day of surgery to 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. Implants were considered successful after 24 months if radiographic @entity2 did not exceed 1 mm and no @entity1 or mobility was caused under a torque of 20 N cm. Statistical analysis was carried out on both @entity0 and implant levels. RESULTS: All implants survived and mean @entity2 on implant level after 3, 6, 12 and 24 months was 0.14, 0.13, 0.11 and 0.11 mm, respectively. @entity2 was only statistically significant between baseline and 3 months (P<0.001) and remained unchanged afterward. None of the implants lost >1 mm of bone after 2 years. On the @entity0 level, the mean @entity2 after 2 years was 0.12 mm (SD 0.14; range -0.06 to 0.55) with probing pocket depth 2.45 mm (SD 0.43; range 1.3-3.1) and bleeding index 0.55% (SD 0.34; range 0-1). CONCLUSION: Immediate loading of @entity3 -modified implants is a predictable treatment yielding a high survival and success rate after 2 years.

title: A 2-year prospective study on immediate loading with XXXX -modified implants in the edentulous mandible.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. Effects of @entity2 and @entity0 on muscarinic receptor cationic current (Icat) in @entity1 ileal smooth muscle cells have been studied using patch-clamp techniques (whole-cell recording). Icat was activated either by externally applied @entity4 or, to bypass receptors, by intracellular @entity3 -gamma-S. 2. Independently of the main permeant cation the current-voltage (I-V) relation for Icat was U-shaped between the reversal potential (usually 0 mV) and very negative potentials such as -120 mV where current could be virtually lost. Adding @entity0 to @entity0 - and @entity2 -free external solution reduced inward current and made it less U-shaped whereas adding @entity2 reduced inward current and shifted more positively the potential at which maximum inward current occurred. 3. Activation of the conductance underlying Icat could be described by the Boltzmann relation which was shifted positively by adding @entity0 or @entity2 . Extracellular @entity0 also distorted the relation by increasing the slope factor; maximal conductance was reduced in all cases. Icat relaxation at negative potentials was accelerated by increasing @entity2 and slowed down by @entity0 . 4. These data suggest the presence of fixed negative surface charges on or near the muscarinic receptor cationic channel, which allow its modulation through alteration of surface potential. Additional more direct ion binding to and blocking of the channel cannot be ruled out. Some additional effects of @entity0 (if compared with @entity2 ) could be explained on the assumption that the @entity0 -binding activation site known to be present on the internal side of the channel can be accessible to @entity0 entering through the open channel during muscarinic receptor stimulation, as @entity0 ions contribute to a limited extent to Icat. 5. We conclude that voltage-dependent gating of muscarinic receptor cationic channels is an intrinsic channel property and that @entity0 and @entity2 have strong modulatory effects.

title: Effects of divalent cations on muscarinic receptor cationic current in smooth muscle from XXXX small intestine.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) regulate the balance between the innate and adaptive immune responses. Missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLRs might be functional and thus influence the risks of @entity3 and @entity2 development. Here, we investigated the association of two missense SNPs, @entity9 ( @entity11 ) in the @entity6 gene and @entity8 ( @entity10 ) in the @entity7 gene, with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in a cohort of prospectively observed @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: In this prospective observational study, @entity9 in @entity6 and @entity8 in @entity7 were genotyped in 715 @entity1 with primary @entity0 in a Chinese population. RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed that the @entity1 with the AA genotype of @entity9 had a shorter @entity5 compared with those carrying the G allele in the recessive model (P<0.01), but this finding was not observed with the dominant model (P = 0.31). The results remained significant after adjusting for the clinical parameters in the recessive model (HR = 3.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.98-6.31, P<0.01). Further survival analysis indicated that this SNP was significant in the luminal-B, @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and @entity1 @entity4 -positive (HER2+) @entity1 using the recessive model but that it was not significant in the luminal-A @entity1 . The SNP @entity8 showed a non-significant tendency toward an increased @entity5 rate in the @entity1 with the TT genotype. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the SNP @entity9 in @entity6 may influence @entity1 outcome. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to validate our findings.

title: A Prospective Evaluation of the Association between a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism @entity9 in XXXX and @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) regulate the balance between the innate and adaptive immune responses. Missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLRs might be functional and thus influence the risks of @entity3 and @entity2 development. Here, we investigated the association of two missense SNPs, @entity9 ( @entity11 ) in the @entity6 gene and @entity8 ( @entity10 ) in the @entity7 gene, with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in a cohort of prospectively observed @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: In this prospective observational study, @entity9 in @entity6 and @entity8 in @entity7 were genotyped in 715 @entity1 with primary @entity0 in a Chinese population. RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed that the @entity1 with the AA genotype of @entity9 had a shorter @entity5 compared with those carrying the G allele in the recessive model (P<0.01), but this finding was not observed with the dominant model (P = 0.31). The results remained significant after adjusting for the clinical parameters in the recessive model (HR = 3.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.98-6.31, P<0.01). Further survival analysis indicated that this SNP was significant in the luminal-B, @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and @entity1 @entity4 -positive (HER2+) @entity1 using the recessive model but that it was not significant in the luminal-A @entity1 . The SNP @entity8 showed a non-significant tendency toward an increased @entity5 rate in the @entity1 with the TT genotype. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the SNP @entity9 in @entity6 may influence @entity1 outcome. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to validate our findings.

title: A Prospective Evaluation of the Association between a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism @entity9 in @entity6 and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) regulate the balance between the innate and adaptive immune responses. Missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TLRs might be functional and thus influence the risks of @entity3 and @entity2 development. Here, we investigated the association of two missense SNPs, @entity9 ( @entity11 ) in the @entity6 gene and @entity8 ( @entity10 ) in the @entity7 gene, with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in a cohort of prospectively observed @entity0 @entity1 . METHODS: In this prospective observational study, @entity9 in @entity6 and @entity8 in @entity7 were genotyped in 715 @entity1 with primary @entity0 in a Chinese population. RESULTS: Univariate analysis revealed that the @entity1 with the AA genotype of @entity9 had a shorter @entity5 compared with those carrying the G allele in the recessive model (P<0.01), but this finding was not observed with the dominant model (P = 0.31). The results remained significant after adjusting for the clinical parameters in the recessive model (HR = 3.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.98-6.31, P<0.01). Further survival analysis indicated that this SNP was significant in the luminal-B, @entity0 ( @entity0 ), and @entity1 @entity4 -positive (HER2+) @entity1 using the recessive model but that it was not significant in the luminal-A @entity1 . The SNP @entity8 showed a non-significant tendency toward an increased @entity5 rate in the @entity1 with the TT genotype. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that the SNP @entity9 in @entity6 may influence @entity1 outcome. Further studies with larger sample sizes should be conducted to validate our findings.

title: A Prospective Evaluation of the Association between a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism XXXX in @entity6 and @entity0 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity1 tend to process negative information with regard to the self (i.e. self-referential processing). A better understanding of the neural underpinnings of self-referential processing in @entity0 with @entity1 is clinically important as it can inform on potential treatment targets. METHOD: This fMRI study sought to study the neural correlates of self-referential processing in @entity0 with chronic @entity1 (cMDD) (n=17) and non- @entity0 controls (n=18) using a passive processing paradigm. Stimuli consisted of positive, negative, negative @entity1 related and @entity2 trait words or non-words. @entity0 were instructed to indicate whether a presented word was an existing word or a non-word while undergoing an fMRI scan. @entity0 also completed an explicit and an implicit measure of positive and negative self-associations outside the scanner. RESULTS: Non- @entity0 controls had relatively increased activity in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) during processing of negative @entity1 related vs. neutral words whereas @entity0 with cMDD had relatively decreased activity. Non- @entity0 controls had relatively increased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) activity during processing of positive vs. neutral words whereas @entity0 with cMDD had relatively decreased activity. Explicit but not implicit self-associations with @entity1 related words were associated with neural activity in the mPFC and the dlPFC. LIMITATIONS: The study did not include a clinical control group and therefore the specificity of findings remains unknown. CONCLUSIONS: The distinct neural processing of emotional self-relevant stimuli in the mPFC and the dlPFC in @entity0 with cMDD might represent an emotional blunting response towards negative self-relevant stimuli.

title: Neural correlates of self-referential processing and implicit self-associations in chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the amount of meibum and its viscosity change after intraductal meibomian gland probing in @entity0 with @entity1 (o-MGD). METHODS: Six lid margins of 3 @entity0 with refractory o-MGD underwent intraductal meibomian gland probing. Meibum and the clinical outcome were evaluated before the procedure and at a 1-month postoperative visit. Meibum was quantified with a Meibometer, and its viscosity (Shimazaki grade) was assessed simultaneously. The tear film condition was evaluated by lipid layer interferometry ( @entity3 , Kowa, Nagoya, Japan), and meibomian gland loss was analyzed by noncontact infrared meibography. Lid margin findings, tear break-up time, @entity2 score, and ocular symptoms were also assessed. RESULTS: At the postoperative visits, all cases showed improvements in meibum lipid levels (446-1376, 757-802, and 396-571 meibometer units) and meibum viscosity (grade 3-0, 3-1, and 3-2). Two cases showed an improvement in tear break-up time (2-5 and 0-6 seconds). No morphological changes in the meibomian gland were observed in any cases. CONCLUSIONS: Intraductal meibomian gland probing seems to improve meibomian gland lipid levels, and it may be a good treatment option for cases of o-MGD that are resistant to conventional treatment.

title: Analysis of Meibum Before and After Intraductal Meibomian Gland Probing in Eyes With XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) almost always results from the expansion of an unstable (CTG)n repeat. The mutation can be detected directly. Affected @entity0 with @entity1 may have minimal additional signs of the disorder, but all are at risk of life threatening complications. We have studied the efficacy of detecting new families with @entity3 by selectively screening @entity1 @entity0 . Selection criteria were: age under 60 with no obvious precipitating factor (except @entity2 ( @entity2 )); @entity0 of any age with other signs suggestive of @entity3 detected by the ophthalmologist. Ninety-six @entity0 were tested prospectively; 17 others under 55 were screened retrospectively. All @entity0 were counselled by a clinical geneticist before testing. The @entity0 ' DNA was analysed using the DNA probe/restriction enzyme combinations GB2.6/EcoRI, KB1.4/BglI and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Six @entity0 have been found to have a mutation, three (3.1%) in the prospective group and three (17.6%) in the retrospective group. Three of these @entity0 had minimal @entity3 and three had classical @entity3 .

title: Ascertainment of @entity3 through XXXX by selective screening.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) almost always results from the expansion of an unstable (CTG)n repeat. The mutation can be detected directly. Affected @entity0 with @entity1 may have minimal additional signs of the disorder, but all are at risk of life threatening complications. We have studied the efficacy of detecting new families with @entity3 by selectively screening @entity1 @entity0 . Selection criteria were: age under 60 with no obvious precipitating factor (except @entity2 ( @entity2 )); @entity0 of any age with other signs suggestive of @entity3 detected by the ophthalmologist. Ninety-six @entity0 were tested prospectively; 17 others under 55 were screened retrospectively. All @entity0 were counselled by a clinical geneticist before testing. The @entity0 ' DNA was analysed using the DNA probe/restriction enzyme combinations GB2.6/EcoRI, KB1.4/BglI and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Six @entity0 have been found to have a mutation, three (3.1%) in the prospective group and three (17.6%) in the retrospective group. Three of these @entity0 had minimal @entity3 and three had classical @entity3 .

title: Ascertainment of XXXX through @entity1 by selective screening.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 arise from endometrial overgrowth and may cause @entity4 , @entity1 , and @entity2 . In this study, @entity3 were harvested from hysterectomized specimens from 6 female @entity0 not on hormone therapy. Endometrial polyp mesenchymal stem cells (EPMSCs) were isolated and characterized. Selected cells were spindle-shaped, and expressed surface markers @entity6 and CD146. The EPMSCs proliferated actively in vitro. A colony-forming study demonstrates that EPMSCs had a colony-generating capacity. When cultured in a defined medium, EPMSCs can differentiate to osteoblast-, adipocyte-, and neuron-like cells. No @entity5 ( @entity5 ) expression was noted. Experimental results demonstrate that EPMSCs are a population of mesenchymal progenitor cells existing in @entity0 @entity3 that are capable of proliferation, differentiation, and colonogenicity exceeding that of bone marrow stem cells and endometrial stromal cells. These EPMSCs may be an alternative resource of adult stem cells for future regenerative therapy.

title: Enhanced differentiation and clonogenicity of XXXX endometrial polyp stem cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The main aim of the trial was to determine whether drug treatment of mild @entity2 (phase V diastolic pressure 90-109 mm Hg) reduced the rates of @entity1 , of @entity3 due to @entity2 , and of coronary events, in @entity0 and @entity0 aged 35-64 years. A total of 17,354 @entity0 was recruited, and 85,572 @entity0 -years of observation accrued. @entity0 were randomly allocated at entry to take @entity5 or placebo, or @entity4 or placebo. The @entity1 rate was reduced with treatment (60 @entity1 , vs 109 in the placebo groups), being 1.4 and 2.6 per 1,000 @entity0 -years of observation, respectively (p less than 0.01), but overall rates of coronary events were not different (222 with treatment and 234 with placebos). The incidence of all cardiovascular events was reduced with treatment (286 events, vs 352 with placebos; p less than 0.05). For rates of mortality from all causes, treatment made no difference. Several post hoc analyses of subgroup results were performed. The all-cause mortality was reduced in @entity0 on treatment (157 deaths, vs 181 in placebo groups) but increased in @entity0 on treatment (91 deaths, vs 72 with placebos); this difference between the sexes was significant (p = 0.05). The reduction in @entity1 rate was greater with @entity5 than with @entity4 (p = 0.002). The rate of @entity1 was reduced in both smokers and non-smokers taking @entity5 , but only in non-smokers taking @entity4 ; this difference between the drugs was significant (p = 0.03). The coronary-event rate was not reduced by @entity5 , whatever the smoking habit, nor in smokers taking @entity4 , but it was reduced in non-smokers taking @entity4 . (ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Results of MRC (UK) trial of drug therapy for mild XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The aim of this study is to perform a retrospective analysis of the causes of burns observed in @entity0 in the eastern provinces of @entity1 . METHOD: In this study, @entity0 were studied retrospectively with regard to their age, sex, cause of burns, seasonal variations, social and economic factors, length of hospital stay, burned body surface area, medical history, site of injury, and mortality. RESULTS: A total of 125 @entity0 undergoing inpatient treatment were male, (53.2%) and 110 were female (46.8%). The most common causes of burns in @entity0 treated on an inpatient basis were @entity3 (65.5%) and tandir burns (15.7%). The mean total body surface area of all the @entity0 was 12.17+9.86%. When the @entity0 were grouped according to tandir, cauldron, and other burn causes, a significant difference was seen between the in burn percentages caused by tandir and cauldron burns and other causes (p < 0.001). Higher burn percentages were seen for cauldron burns than for tandir burns (p < 0.05). The average length of hospital stay was 17.67+13.64 days. When the @entity0 were grouped according to burn causes (tandir, cauldron, and others), a significant difference was determined between the hospitalization periods of @entity0 with tandir burns and other burn causes (p = 0.001) The most commonly proliferating microorganism in burned areas was @entity2 (20.4%). Of the 235 @entity0 , 61 were treated in operating rooms. During the 24-month period of the study, 2 of the 235 @entity0 died (0.85%). CONCLUSION: Pediatric burns in the eastern part of @entity1 are different from those in other parts of @entity1 , as well as in other countries. Due to the lifestyle of the region, tandir and cauldron burns, which cause extensive burn areas and high morbidity, are frequently seen in @entity0 . Therefore, precautions and educational programs related to the use of tandirs and cauldrons are needed in this region.

title: Clinical and demographic features of pediatric burns in the eastern provinces of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity5 constitute a continuing challenge to the @entity2 or general surgeon practicing in developing countries. This study was conducted to outline the etiological spectrum, injury patterns and short term outcome of these injuries in our setting. @entity0 AND METHODS: This was a prospective study involving @entity5 @entity0 admitted to Bugando Medical Centre over a six-month period from November 2009 to April 2010 inclusive. RESULTS: A total of 150 @entity5 @entity0 were studied. Males outnumbered females by a ratio of 3.8:1. Their ages ranged from 1 to 80 years (mean = 32.17 years). The majority of @entity0 (72.7%) sustained @entity6 . Road traffic crush was the most common cause of injuries affecting 50.7% of @entity0 . Chest wall wounds, hemothorax and @entity3 were the most common type of injuries accounting for 30.0%, 21.3% and 20.7% respectively. Associated injuries were noted in 56.0% of @entity0 and head/neck (33.3%) and musculoskeletal regions (26.7%) were commonly affected. The majority of @entity0 (55.3%) were treated successfully with non-operative approach. Underwater seal drainage was performed in 39 @entity0 (19.3%). One @entity0 (0.7%) underwent thoracotomy due to @entity7 . Thirty nine @entity0 (26.0%) had complications of which wound @entity4 (14.7%) and @entity1 (12.0%) were the most common complications. The mean LOS was 13.17 days and mortality rate was 3.3%. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, associated injuries, the @entity2 , @entity2 scores (ISS, @entity8 and PTS) were found to be significant predictors of the LOS (P < 0.001), whereas mortality was significantly associated with pre-morbid illness, associated injuries, @entity2 scores (ISS, @entity8 and PTS), the need for ICU admission and the presence of complications (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity5 resulting from RTCs remain a major public health problem in this part of Tanzania. Urgent preventive measures targeting at reducing the occurrence of RTCs is necessary to reduce the incidence of @entity5 in this region.

title: Pattern and outcome of XXXX at Bugando Medical Centre in Northwestern Tanzania.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of screening for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) during noninvasive lower extremity arterial examination in the vascular laboratory. METHODS: Over 30 months we screened 531 @entity0 who underwent lower extremity arterial evaluations in the vascular laboratory. The @entity0 had fasted overnight, and, after the regular noninvasive lower extremity arterial examination, the abdominal aorta was screened with B-mode ultrasonography. RESULTS: The aorta was adequately visualized in 475 @entity0 (89%). Mean aortic diameter was 19.6 +/- 4.1 mm at the juxtarenal level and 18.8 +/- 7.2 mm in the lower infrarenal aorta. The aortic diameter was larger in @entity0 (p < 0.001) and in smokers (p < 0.001). @entity2 (diameter greater than 3.0 cm) were identified in 32 @entity0 (6.0% of the 531 @entity0 screened), and 15 of the @entity1 were equal to or larger than 4.0 cm. The best predictors for @entity2 by logistic regression analysis were male sex (p < 0.005), advanced age (greater than 65 years, p < 0.01), and a history of smoking (p < 0.01). The prevalence of @entity2 was 6.7% (32/475) in the population in whom the aorta was visualized and 15.2% (19/125) in male smokers over 65 years of age. @entity1 of 4.0 cm or greater were identified in 3.2% of the entire population screened and 8.8% of male smokers over age 65. Limited aortic scanning prolonged the vascular laboratory examination by an average of 5 minutes. Thus detection of one @entity1 required 83 minutes of scanning time for the whole population studied and 36 minutes of scanning of male smokers over age 65, at a cost of  240 to  553 per @entity1 identified. CONCLUSION: Screening for @entity2 during lower extremity arterial evaluation in the vascular laboratory addresses a high-risk population, is cost-effective, and should be considered an appropriate and valuable addition to the examination protocol.

title: Screening for XXXX during lower extremity arterial evaluation in the vascular laboratory.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The reaction center is a pigment-protein complex that mediates the initial photochemical steps of photosynthesis. The @entity2 -terminal sequences of the L, M, and H subunits and the @entity0 and derived @entity1 sequences of the L and M structural genes from @entity4 have previously been determined. We report here the sequence of the H subunit, completing the primary structure determination of the reaction center from @entity4 . The @entity0 sequence of the gene encoding the H subunit was determined by the dideoxy method after subcloning fragments into single-stranded M13 phage vectors. This information was used to derive the @entity1 sequence of the corresponding polypeptide. The termini of the primary structure of the H subunit were established by means of the @entity2 and @entity3 terminal sequences of the polypeptide. The data showed that the H subunit is composed of 260 residues, corresponding to a molecular weight of 28,003. A molecular weight of 100,858 for the reaction center was calculated from the primary structures of the subunits and the cofactors. Examination of the genes encoding the reaction center shows that the codon usage is strongly biased towards codons ending in G and C. Hydropathy analysis of the H subunit sequence reveals one stretch of hydrophobic residues near the @entity2 terminus; the L and M subunits contain five such stretches. From a comparison of the sequences of homologous proteins found in bacterial reaction centers and photosystem II of plants, an evolutionary tree was constructed. The analysis of evolutionary relationships showed that the L and M subunits of reaction centers and the D1 and D2 proteins of photosystem II are descended from a common ancestor, and that the rate of change in these proteins was much higher in the first billion years after the divergence of the reaction center and photosystem II than in the subsequent billion years represented by the divergence of the species containing these proteins.

title: Primary structure of the reaction center from XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) is a generally fatal disease with no standard treatment. There are encouraging reports using intraperitoneal chemotherapy to treat peritoneal @entity4 and intrapleural chemotherapy (IPC) to treat @entity5 . Our objective was to evaluate the efficacy of IPC after subtotal pleurectomy. Between 1988 and 1992, 20 consecutive @entity0 with diffuse @entity6 limited to one hemithorax underwent subtotal pleurectomy. Thirteen @entity0 with biopsy-proven @entity6 known prior to thoracotomy were enrolled in a phase II combined modality protocol consisting of perioperative intrapleural @entity2 (100 mg/m2) and ara-C (1,200 mg) after subtotal pleurectomy, followed by systemic @entity2 (50 mg/m2/week x 8) and @entity3 (8 mg/m2, days 1 and 36). Seven @entity0 with @entity6 could not be enrolled because their diagnosis was made post-thoracotomy. These @entity0 underwent subtotal pleurectomy with (n = 4) or without (n = 3) adjuvant radiation (4,500-5,000 cGy in 3 @entity0 , 2,100 cGy in 1 @entity0 ). One of three @entity0 who developed chemotherapy-related nephrotoxicity died, the only treatment-related mortality. All 3 @entity0 requiring postoperative readmission received IPC. Significant morbidity did not occur in @entity0 not receiving chemotherapy. Median survival and time to progression were significantly longer in @entity0 not receiving IPC (21 vs. 9 months, P = 0.04; 12 vs. 6 months, P = 0.01). In conclusion, intrapleural and postoperative systemic chemotherapy resulted in significant @entity1 and did not improve survival in our @entity0 who underwent subtotal pleurectomy for @entity6 .

title: Optimal management of XXXX after subtotal pleurectomy: revisiting the role of intrapleural chemotherapy and postoperative radiation.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Bryostatin 1 (Bryo1), a macrocyclic @entity7 and a protein kinase C activator, is isolated from the marine bryozoan @entity8 . In this study we describe its effect, alone or after sequential use with @entity5 (VCR), on the @entity0 @entity6 cell line WSU-DLCL2. Our results show that both Bryo1 and VCR induced apoptosis as demonstrated by morphological examination, DNA flow cytometry (FCM), and DNA fragmentation on agarose gel electrophoresis. Cells pretreated for 24 h with Bryo1 and then exposed to VCR showed an increase in apoptosis compared to cells that were exposed to Bryo1 or VCR alone. We also studied the effects of Bryo1, VCR and their combination on cell growth, @entity2 and @entity4 expression, and inhibition of cell proliferation as measured by @entity3 incorporation. Cell analysis showed significant growth inhibition of WSU-DLCL2 cells by the Bryo1/VCR combination as compared to either agent alone. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) revealed that relative @entity2 oncoprotein expression was decreased in cells treated with Bryo1, or VCR separately and was abolished by combining both drugs. When examined by ICC, WSU-DLCL2 cells were initially negative for the @entity4 protein. However, upon treatment with the above agents, the relative expression of @entity4 was moderate on Bryo1-or VCR-treated cells and strong on cells treated with the Bryo1/VCR combination. Cell proliferation as measured by @entity3 incorporation revealed significant inhibition of @entity1 growth by exposure to the agents when compared to the control. In contrast, Bryo1, VCR and their combination did not show any inhibition of normal bone marrow growth. These findings taken together, suggest that the exposure of WSU-DLCL2 cells to Bryo1 prior to treatment with VCR enhances apoptosis, a phenomenon which might be exploited for future therapies.

title: Bryostatin 1 induces apoptosis and augments inhibitory effects of @entity5 in @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Bryostatin 1 (Bryo1), a macrocyclic @entity7 and a protein kinase C activator, is isolated from the marine bryozoan @entity8 . In this study we describe its effect, alone or after sequential use with @entity5 (VCR), on the @entity0 @entity6 cell line WSU-DLCL2. Our results show that both Bryo1 and VCR induced apoptosis as demonstrated by morphological examination, DNA flow cytometry (FCM), and DNA fragmentation on agarose gel electrophoresis. Cells pretreated for 24 h with Bryo1 and then exposed to VCR showed an increase in apoptosis compared to cells that were exposed to Bryo1 or VCR alone. We also studied the effects of Bryo1, VCR and their combination on cell growth, @entity2 and @entity4 expression, and inhibition of cell proliferation as measured by @entity3 incorporation. Cell analysis showed significant growth inhibition of WSU-DLCL2 cells by the Bryo1/VCR combination as compared to either agent alone. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) revealed that relative @entity2 oncoprotein expression was decreased in cells treated with Bryo1, or VCR separately and was abolished by combining both drugs. When examined by ICC, WSU-DLCL2 cells were initially negative for the @entity4 protein. However, upon treatment with the above agents, the relative expression of @entity4 was moderate on Bryo1-or VCR-treated cells and strong on cells treated with the Bryo1/VCR combination. Cell proliferation as measured by @entity3 incorporation revealed significant inhibition of @entity1 growth by exposure to the agents when compared to the control. In contrast, Bryo1, VCR and their combination did not show any inhibition of normal bone marrow growth. These findings taken together, suggest that the exposure of WSU-DLCL2 cells to Bryo1 prior to treatment with VCR enhances apoptosis, a phenomenon which might be exploited for future therapies.

title: Bryostatin 1 induces apoptosis and augments inhibitory effects of XXXX in @entity0 @entity6 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Bryostatin 1 (Bryo1), a macrocyclic @entity7 and a protein kinase C activator, is isolated from the marine bryozoan @entity8 . In this study we describe its effect, alone or after sequential use with @entity5 (VCR), on the @entity0 @entity6 cell line WSU-DLCL2. Our results show that both Bryo1 and VCR induced apoptosis as demonstrated by morphological examination, DNA flow cytometry (FCM), and DNA fragmentation on agarose gel electrophoresis. Cells pretreated for 24 h with Bryo1 and then exposed to VCR showed an increase in apoptosis compared to cells that were exposed to Bryo1 or VCR alone. We also studied the effects of Bryo1, VCR and their combination on cell growth, @entity2 and @entity4 expression, and inhibition of cell proliferation as measured by @entity3 incorporation. Cell analysis showed significant growth inhibition of WSU-DLCL2 cells by the Bryo1/VCR combination as compared to either agent alone. Immunocytochemistry (ICC) revealed that relative @entity2 oncoprotein expression was decreased in cells treated with Bryo1, or VCR separately and was abolished by combining both drugs. When examined by ICC, WSU-DLCL2 cells were initially negative for the @entity4 protein. However, upon treatment with the above agents, the relative expression of @entity4 was moderate on Bryo1-or VCR-treated cells and strong on cells treated with the Bryo1/VCR combination. Cell proliferation as measured by @entity3 incorporation revealed significant inhibition of @entity1 growth by exposure to the agents when compared to the control. In contrast, Bryo1, VCR and their combination did not show any inhibition of normal bone marrow growth. These findings taken together, suggest that the exposure of WSU-DLCL2 cells to Bryo1 prior to treatment with VCR enhances apoptosis, a phenomenon which might be exploited for future therapies.

title: Bryostatin 1 induces apoptosis and augments inhibitory effects of @entity5 in XXXX @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: After initial treatment for @entity0 , @entity3 often affects the trunk as well as the arm. Evaluation of truncal swelling by the clinical "pinch test" of the posterior axillary fold is unreliable. Our aim was to develop an objective measurement, using modified Harpenden skinfold calipers. Standard Harpenden skinfold calipers exert a pressure of 12.6 g.mm-2, which rapidly squeezes @entity2 fluid out of the skinfold. Springs were substituted to exert a lighter but relatively constant load (3.7 g.mm-2). Repeated skinfold thickness measurements on the same, normal subject then gave a relative standard deviation (r.s.d.) or coefficient of variation of 5%. The posterior axillary folds of 14 @entity1 (age 56 +/- 13 (s.d.) years) with an average 30% arm swelling were measured using the same procedure. Readings were taken at 10 s, and again after 60 s of sustained application to assess the rate of creep, or deformation with time, attributed to displacement of pressurized interstitial fluid. Two @entity1 had clinically observable axillary fold swelling. Eight @entity1 , including the above two, showed axillary fold swelling by caliper measurement, defined as a 10% increase over the contralateral side (2 r.s.d.'s). Creep was greater on the affected side in all 14 @entity1 . Thus, modified calipers can detect axillary fold @entity2 , and thereby provide an objective method for assessing changes in swelling after @entity3 treatment.

title: Assessment of truncal @entity2 following XXXX treatment using modified Harpenden skinfold calipers.

answer: @entity0


abstract: After initial treatment for @entity0 , @entity3 often affects the trunk as well as the arm. Evaluation of truncal swelling by the clinical "pinch test" of the posterior axillary fold is unreliable. Our aim was to develop an objective measurement, using modified Harpenden skinfold calipers. Standard Harpenden skinfold calipers exert a pressure of 12.6 g.mm-2, which rapidly squeezes @entity2 fluid out of the skinfold. Springs were substituted to exert a lighter but relatively constant load (3.7 g.mm-2). Repeated skinfold thickness measurements on the same, normal subject then gave a relative standard deviation (r.s.d.) or coefficient of variation of 5%. The posterior axillary folds of 14 @entity1 (age 56 +/- 13 (s.d.) years) with an average 30% arm swelling were measured using the same procedure. Readings were taken at 10 s, and again after 60 s of sustained application to assess the rate of creep, or deformation with time, attributed to displacement of pressurized interstitial fluid. Two @entity1 had clinically observable axillary fold swelling. Eight @entity1 , including the above two, showed axillary fold swelling by caliper measurement, defined as a 10% increase over the contralateral side (2 r.s.d.'s). Creep was greater on the affected side in all 14 @entity1 . Thus, modified calipers can detect axillary fold @entity2 , and thereby provide an objective method for assessing changes in swelling after @entity3 treatment.

title: Assessment of truncal XXXX following @entity0 treatment using modified Harpenden skinfold calipers.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Risk factors for severe @entity7 , that is, @entity8 , @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity5 , were evaluated in 246 consecutive @entity0 undergoing valve replacement (N = 84) or aortocoronary bypass operation (N = 162). Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the ability of putative risk factors to predict @entity3 . The risk factors considered were age, sex, @entity1 , duration of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), duration of operation, amount of blood restored on the day of operation, repeat thoracotomy for @entity6 , intraaortic balloon pumping, reoperation, emergency operation, and the professional status of the surgeon. Severe @entity3 occurred in similar frequency after valve replacement (8/84; 9.5%) and aortocoronary bypass (11/162; 6.8%). For @entity0 who had a bypass procedure, repeat thoracotomy was the only factor significantly associated with @entity3 (p = 0.0004). However, the classification analysis revealed that this variable alone is too unspecific for a reliable prediction. Univariate analysis indicated that restoration of more than 2,500 ml of blood (p = 0.0001), reoperation (p = 0.0821), duration of operation (p = 0.0061), duration of CPB (p = 0.0318), and intraaortic balloon pumping (p = 0.0281) were associated with @entity3 following valve replacement. A model with three variables emerged from the multiple logistic regression: after correction for blood restoration, reoperation, and duration of CPB, no other variable was of additional predictive value. For @entity0 who underwent valve replacement, the model performed well in predicting complications. The classification analysis revealed a high correspondence between observed and predicted @entity3 : it correctly predicted 75% of the @entity0 with @entity3 and 96% of those without @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Risk factors for severe XXXX after valve replacement and aortocoronary bypass operations: analysis of 246 cases by logistic regression.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) is successful in arresting @entity2 from esophageal varices and has been used increasingly in recent years. Repeated EIS results in eradication of esophageal varices. Fifty @entity0 were treated by emergency EIS and then by repeated elective injections; 177 EIS procedures were performed, with a mean follow-up period of 12.6 months. Most @entity0 had nonalcoholic @entity1 ; 56% were in @entity0 's Class C. Emergency EIS arrested variceal @entity2 in 88% of @entity0 , with a hospital mortality of 22%. In nine @entity0 , @entity2 persisted or recurred and was treated by repeated EIS or surgery. Complications occurred in five @entity0 , all of whom recovered with conservative treatment. @entity0 in @entity0 's Class C had a poor prognosis after EIS. Gastric varices were found frequently in @entity0 classified as @entity0 's C, but rarely in @entity0 's Class A or B @entity0 . Thus, the presence of @entity3 may be a marker for poor prognosis. Long-term observations demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of EIS in @entity0 with @entity2 esophageal varices.

title: Management of XXXX esophageal varices by repeated endoscopic injection sclerotherapy--4 years' experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that survivors of @entity3 have increased risk of @entity1 , but the factors responsible for this excess risk are not well known. PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of radiation dose, chemotherapy, and smoking on the risk of @entity1 following treatment of @entity3 . METHODS: We conducted a case-control study in a cohort of 1939 @entity0 treated for @entity3 from 1966 through 1986 in The Netherlands. Detailed treatment information was collected from the medical records for 30 case @entity0 with @entity1 following @entity3 and 82 matched control subjects who had not developed @entity1 . Multiple sources were used to obtain as complete smoking histories of the study @entity0 as possible. For each case-control set, the radiation dose received by the area of the lung where the case @entity0 developed the @entity2 was estimated on the basis of radiotherapy charts and experimental simulations of treatments. The estimates of relative risk (RR) for @entity1 associated with specific exposures were obtained from logistic regression methods, and all tests of statistical significance were two-sided. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase in risk of @entity1 was observed with increasing radiation dose (P for trend = .01) with an RR of 9.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.93-98) for @entity0 who received 9 Gy or more compared with those who received less than 1 Gy. @entity0 who smoked more than 10 pack-years after the diagnosis of @entity3 had a sixfold increase in the risk of @entity1 compared with @entity0 who smoked less than 1 pack-year (P = .03). Positive interaction on a multiplicative scale was observed between the carcinogenic effects of smoking and radiation. The increase in risk of @entity1 with increasing radiation dose was much greater among the @entity0 who smoked after diagnosis of @entity3 than among those who refrained from smoking (P = .04). There was no increase in @entity1 risk in relation to the number of cycles of chemotherapy or the cumulative doses of the drugs @entity4 and @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The excess risk of @entity1 in @entity3 @entity0 treated with radiotherapy is related to the radiation dose received by the affected area of the lung. Smokers experience a significantly greater risk attributable to radiotherapy than nonsmokers. IMPLICATIONS: Physicians in charge of @entity0 treatment should make a special effort to dissuade @entity3 @entity0 from smoking after receiving radiotherapy.

title: Roles of radiotherapy and smoking in @entity1 following XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several studies have shown that survivors of @entity3 have increased risk of @entity1 , but the factors responsible for this excess risk are not well known. PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of radiation dose, chemotherapy, and smoking on the risk of @entity1 following treatment of @entity3 . METHODS: We conducted a case-control study in a cohort of 1939 @entity0 treated for @entity3 from 1966 through 1986 in The Netherlands. Detailed treatment information was collected from the medical records for 30 case @entity0 with @entity1 following @entity3 and 82 matched control subjects who had not developed @entity1 . Multiple sources were used to obtain as complete smoking histories of the study @entity0 as possible. For each case-control set, the radiation dose received by the area of the lung where the case @entity0 developed the @entity2 was estimated on the basis of radiotherapy charts and experimental simulations of treatments. The estimates of relative risk (RR) for @entity1 associated with specific exposures were obtained from logistic regression methods, and all tests of statistical significance were two-sided. RESULTS: A statistically significant increase in risk of @entity1 was observed with increasing radiation dose (P for trend = .01) with an RR of 9.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.93-98) for @entity0 who received 9 Gy or more compared with those who received less than 1 Gy. @entity0 who smoked more than 10 pack-years after the diagnosis of @entity3 had a sixfold increase in the risk of @entity1 compared with @entity0 who smoked less than 1 pack-year (P = .03). Positive interaction on a multiplicative scale was observed between the carcinogenic effects of smoking and radiation. The increase in risk of @entity1 with increasing radiation dose was much greater among the @entity0 who smoked after diagnosis of @entity3 than among those who refrained from smoking (P = .04). There was no increase in @entity1 risk in relation to the number of cycles of chemotherapy or the cumulative doses of the drugs @entity4 and @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The excess risk of @entity1 in @entity3 @entity0 treated with radiotherapy is related to the radiation dose received by the affected area of the lung. Smokers experience a significantly greater risk attributable to radiotherapy than nonsmokers. IMPLICATIONS: Physicians in charge of @entity0 treatment should make a special effort to dissuade @entity3 @entity0 from smoking after receiving radiotherapy.

title: Roles of radiotherapy and smoking in XXXX following @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated changing trends in the management of late diagnosed iatrogenic @entity3 before and after the introduction of percutaneous nephrostomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 44 @entity0 of whom 24 were treated primarily by immediate reconstructive surgery from 1979 to 1984 and 20 were treated primarily by percutaneous nephrostomy tube insertion beginning in 1985. RESULTS: Six of the 24 @entity0 underwent ureteroneocystostomy and 18 underwent end-to-end uretero-ureteral @entity1 to repair the injury. Postoperatively 18 @entity0 had a @entity2 . Hospital stay after reconstructive surgery ranged from 14 to 35 days (average 18). Long-term followup showed a normal upper urinary tract in 22 @entity0 and mild to moderate hydroureteronephrosis in 2. Of the 20 @entity0 who underwent percutaneous nephrostomy 16 (80%) had complete spontaneous recovery of the injured ureter after 14 to 66 days (average 32). Hospital stay after the insertion of the percutaneous nephrostomy tube ranged from 3 to 5 days. @entity2 developed in 4 @entity0 and mild @entity4 was noted in 1 on long-term followup. CONCLUSIONS: The primary management of @entity3 by percutaneous nephrostomy resulted in significantly decreased reoperation and morbidity rates, and enabled spontaneous recovery of the injured ureter in the majority of @entity0 .

title: Changing trends in the management of iatrogenic XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Revascularization for the treatment of aortic graft @entity2 is usually accomplished by remote prosthetic axillofemoral bypass combined with cross-femoral bypass. When @entity2 at the femoral level precludes placement of a prosthetic cross-femoral graft, we have used a variety of autogenous tissue conduits to restore circulation to the contralateral leg. To determine which of these conduits offers the most durable reconstruction, we have reviewed 78 @entity0 treated for aortic graft @entity2 . METHODS: Between 1980 and 1991 we used either autogenous saphenous vein (ASV, n = 34), endarterectomized superficial femoral artery ( @entity6 , n = 14), or direct ilioiliac @entity1 (iliac, n = 10) to provide cross-femoral flow. We compared the performance of these tissue conduits with a concurrent @entity0 group with aortic graft @entity2 in whom a prosthetic cross-femoral graft was used (prosthetic, n = 20). RESULTS: Follow-up was available for 98.7% of @entity0 , average 3.8 +/- 2.9 years, and was not different between the four groups. Bleeding complications occurred exclusively in the ASV group (n = 3, 8.8%) and were all in the perioperative period. In addition one ASV and one iliac conduit developed multiple false @entity3 . Hemodynamic conduit failure ( @entity4 or @entity5 ) occurred in nine (26.5%) ASV conduits, six (42.8%) @entity6 conduits, and one iliac conduit, but not in the prosthetic group. When all of these adverse events were combined for each conduit group, both ASV and @entity6 conduits had a higher rate of conduit failure when compared with the prosthetic conduits (p < 0.05, log-rank test). Limb loss resulting from cross-femoral conduit failure occurred in six (17.6%) @entity0 in the ASV group, four (28.6%) @entity0 in the @entity6 group, and one @entity0 each in the iliac and prosthetic groups. These differences were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that ASV and @entity6 conduits do not provide stable long-term cross-femoral revascularization and should be regarded as bridge grains until @entity2 is eradicated. When @entity2 mandates their use, frequent postoperative conduit surveillance is required. If ASV or @entity6 caliber is marginal, consideration should be given to the use of a larger autogenous conduit, such as superficial femoral vein.

title: Durability of cross-femoral grafts after aortic graft XXXX : the fate of autogenous conduits.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Bone marrow trepanobiopsies were cultivated in the agar drop-liquid medium system. A total of 155 subjects with different @entity3 and 31 controls were examined. It was shown that prolonged cultivation of trepanobiopsies makes it possible to functionally evaluate the stromal elements of the bone marrow. The whole medullary tissue is characterized by marked heterogeneity as regards its ability to synthesize humoral stimulants of granulomonocytopoiesis. The colony-stimulating ability (CSA) of this tissue combines the CSA of the hemopoietic and stromal cells. In @entity1 of varying degree, the function of the bone @entity1 is highly activated. The trepanobiopsy areas short of the hemopoietic tissue possess a higher ability to form a monolayer on the dish surface. During @entity4 and @entity2 relapses, the ability of the bone @entity1 to synthesize the humoral stimulants is lowered, whereas the ability to form monolayers is less demonstrable. In diseases associated with the development of secondary @entity0 (CMF, CML, @entity5 ), the bone @entity1 was discovered to be less capable of synthesizing the humoral stimulants, which provides evidence against the involvement of fibrous tissue in the formation of the total CSA of the bone marrow. It is assumed that fibroblasts and fatty cells are related histogenetically and that their proliferation is controlled by humoral factors.

title: [Role of the stroma of the hematopoietic organs in the development of XXXX . Intramedullary regulation of granulomonocytopoiesis].

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine more precise and accurate @entity1 risk estimates for @entity3 that could be used to plan surveillance. DESIGN: Cohort. SETTING: Swedish population. @entity0 : All @entity0 with @entity3 listed in the population-based Swedish Inpatient Register from 1964 through 1989. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The observed number of @entity1 in the cohort was compared with expected numbers of @entity1 (standardized incidence ratio [SIR]) for each 5-year age group and calendar year of observation, calculated using data from the Swedish @entity1 Registry. RESULTS: A total of 1062 @entity0 with @entity3 accumulated 9864 years of follow-up. The mean age at entry was 57.2 years, and the mean age at @entity1 diagnosis was 71.0 years. @entity2 occurred in 24 @entity0 . The risk of @entity2 in the first year after @entity3 diagnosis was extremely high (SIR, 126.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 63.0 to 226.1) as a consequence of prevalent @entity1 leading to distal esophageal obstruction simulating @entity3 . During years 1 to 24, the risk was increased more than 16-fold (SIR, 16.6; 95% CI, 8.8 to 28.3). Annual surveillance after the first year would require 406 endoscopic examinations in @entity0 and 2220 in @entity0 to detect one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity3 are at markedly increased risk of developing @entity2 . A substantial number of surveillance examinations might be required to screen for @entity1 , especially in @entity0 . It is not known whether surveillance will result in improved survival.

title: The risk of XXXX in @entity0 with @entity3 . A population-based study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine more precise and accurate @entity1 risk estimates for @entity3 that could be used to plan surveillance. DESIGN: Cohort. SETTING: Swedish population. @entity0 : All @entity0 with @entity3 listed in the population-based Swedish Inpatient Register from 1964 through 1989. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The observed number of @entity1 in the cohort was compared with expected numbers of @entity1 (standardized incidence ratio [SIR]) for each 5-year age group and calendar year of observation, calculated using data from the Swedish @entity1 Registry. RESULTS: A total of 1062 @entity0 with @entity3 accumulated 9864 years of follow-up. The mean age at entry was 57.2 years, and the mean age at @entity1 diagnosis was 71.0 years. @entity2 occurred in 24 @entity0 . The risk of @entity2 in the first year after @entity3 diagnosis was extremely high (SIR, 126.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 63.0 to 226.1) as a consequence of prevalent @entity1 leading to distal esophageal obstruction simulating @entity3 . During years 1 to 24, the risk was increased more than 16-fold (SIR, 16.6; 95% CI, 8.8 to 28.3). Annual surveillance after the first year would require 406 endoscopic examinations in @entity0 and 2220 in @entity0 to detect one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity3 are at markedly increased risk of developing @entity2 . A substantial number of surveillance examinations might be required to screen for @entity1 , especially in @entity0 . It is not known whether surveillance will result in improved survival.

title: The risk of @entity2 in @entity0 with XXXX . A population-based study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine more precise and accurate @entity1 risk estimates for @entity3 that could be used to plan surveillance. DESIGN: Cohort. SETTING: Swedish population. @entity0 : All @entity0 with @entity3 listed in the population-based Swedish Inpatient Register from 1964 through 1989. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The observed number of @entity1 in the cohort was compared with expected numbers of @entity1 (standardized incidence ratio [SIR]) for each 5-year age group and calendar year of observation, calculated using data from the Swedish @entity1 Registry. RESULTS: A total of 1062 @entity0 with @entity3 accumulated 9864 years of follow-up. The mean age at entry was 57.2 years, and the mean age at @entity1 diagnosis was 71.0 years. @entity2 occurred in 24 @entity0 . The risk of @entity2 in the first year after @entity3 diagnosis was extremely high (SIR, 126.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 63.0 to 226.1) as a consequence of prevalent @entity1 leading to distal esophageal obstruction simulating @entity3 . During years 1 to 24, the risk was increased more than 16-fold (SIR, 16.6; 95% CI, 8.8 to 28.3). Annual surveillance after the first year would require 406 endoscopic examinations in @entity0 and 2220 in @entity0 to detect one @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity3 are at markedly increased risk of developing @entity2 . A substantial number of surveillance examinations might be required to screen for @entity1 , especially in @entity0 . It is not known whether surveillance will result in improved survival.

title: The risk of @entity2 in XXXX with @entity3 . A population-based study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The kidney is one of the organs susceptible to heavy metal intoxication. The total body burden and "saturation" level in renal tissue are important limiting factors to the onset of @entity1 . Acute or chronic exposure to many of heavy metals can induce renal @entity4 , including @entity11 , chronic @entity9 , @entity12 , @entity1 , @entity1 without morphological changes. Chronic @entity10 intoxication can cause irreversible @entity12 with chronic @entity9 . Both urinary low-molecular weight protein excretion and urinary @entity10 excretion (greater than 200-400 ppm) are the most reliable earlier markers of @entity4 in chronic @entity10 intoxication. The role of metallothionein is central to an understanding of @entity10 -induced @entity1 . Acute lead intoxication in @entity0 can cause reversible @entity12 . @entity3 , @entity13 , and elevated serum @entity7 , without @entity12 , are clinical manifestations of chronic lead exposure in adults. Nuclear inclusion body in proximal tubular cell is characteristic. Chronic exposure to inorganic @entity14 can cause @entity5 without @entity8 , due to @entity6 and @entity2 , mainly in the thick ascending limb of Henle and distal tubulus.

title: [ XXXX in heavy metal intoxications].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Balloon mitral valvotomy is a standard therapeutic modality for managing @entity4 . Data on intermediate outcomes of this procedure are limited. Thus we investigated the intermediate outcome after balloon mitral valvotomy performed at a large tertiary center in India. METHODS: Case records and follow-up data of 2330 @entity0 who underwent valvotomy from June 1999 to December 2005 were retrieved from the hospital information system and analyzed. RESULTS: The median age of the @entity0 was 32        11 years, 1363 were female including 36 who were pregnant, and 379 were in @entity3 . Follow-up ranged from 1 to 14 years (mean 4.5 years, median 4.0 years). The procedural success rate was 93%. @entity3 , higher functional class, and worse valve morphology were independent predictors of a poor procedural outcome. @entity0 with sinus rhythm had better event-free survival (10.43 years, 95% confidence interval: 10.1-10.7) compared to those with @entity3 (8.17 years, 95% confidence interval: 7.5-8.8). @entity0 who achieved a valve area >1.75   cm(2) had a better event-free survival (11.7 years, 95% confidence interval: 11.4-12.0) than those with a valve area of 1.5-1.74   cm(2) (9.3 years, 95% confidence interval: 9.0-9.7). On multivariate analysis, higher functional class, worse valve morphology, and new significant @entity2 were predictors of a poor outcome. Achieved mitral valve area >1.75   cm(2) was an independent predictor of a good outcome. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with sinus rhythm, less gross @entity1 , and a post-balloon mitral valvotomy area >1.75   cm(2) had better intermediate outcomes.

title: Intermediate outcomes of XXXX post-balloon mitral valvotomy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: There is no doubt that @entity4 has continued to be an effective prophylactic anti- @entity1 drug throughout the years since its discovery. Therefore, we decided to perform a retrospective study of this pharmacologic agent to evaluate its efficacy, duration of treatment, as well as its tolerance in different @entity1 processes. A total of 1,000 histories of @entity1 @entity0 were reviewed and 450 were selected by chance from 1981 through 1984. The @entity0 were divided as to their diagnostic etiology, whether affected by pollen or house dust. @entity4 efficacy was graded from 0-3 (bad, regular, good and excellent), according to its clinical evaluation. In general, @entity0 responded better to @entity4 treatment than adults (reduction in other symptomatic drug intake), although statistical significance was found in both populations. However, drug efficacy was better in pollen than house dust. Induced @entity2 and @entity3 in the @entity0 population. On the other hand, no statistical difference was found between sensitization to house dust or pollens in the adult population. To be truly effective, @entity4 should be taken for at least 3 months or more. We only found 12 (2.66%) @entity0 who presented somnolence: the rest tolerated the drug well, with no secondary side effects.

title: Retrospective study of XXXX protective action in different allergopathies.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Two @entity5 (Fc gamma R) subclasses on @entity0 neutrophils, Fc gamma RII and @entity3 , activate different cellular functions. To examine the involvement of each receptor subtype in polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation, @entity2 and F(ab')2 fragments of subclass-specific monoclonal antibodies ([mAbs] mAb IV.3 against Fc gamma RII and mAb 3G8 against @entity3 , respectively) were used to block the binding of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Flow cytometry then permitted the simultaneous quantitation of antibody and ligand binding, the elicited intracellular @entity1 concentration (delta[ @entity1 ]int), initiation of the oxidative burst, and/or the @entity6 activation in the same cell. We have previously demonstrated that subsaturating dosages of HIC bind uniformly to all the cells but elicit an "all-or-none" (i.e., dose independent) maximal delta[ @entity1 ]int in a dose-dependent subpopulation of the cells. In contrast, both the proportion of cells responding and the magnitude of the delta[ @entity1 ]int transient depend on the subsaturating dose of LIC, even though it too binds uniformly to all the cells, nonresponding as well as responding. These earlier findings have here been extended by single cell flow cytometric analysis to demonstrate that F(ab')2 @entity3 is the major Fc gamma R involved in HIC binding (and [ @entity1 ]int mobilization), as well as in oxidative burst and @entity6 activation. In contrast, both receptor subclasses must be available for LIC-elicited delta[ @entity1 ]int, as blockage by either of the mAb @entity2 or F(ab')2 fragments abrogates this response, even though LIC binding to the receptors is not decreased. Furthermore, LIC elicited little oxidative burst activity and failed to activate @entity6 but cross-linking to achieve multivalency, previously shown to induce [ @entity1 ]int and oxidative burst responses, elicited @entity6 activity via @entity3 . Fc gamma RII's role appears to be modulation of the small, late @entity1 influx observed at > 1 min, whereas @entity3 modulates all the earlier larger events. Thus, simultaneous observation of receptor identity, receptor occupancy, and consequent activation parameters in the same cell by flow cytometry permits use to demonstrate that Fc gamma RII is necessary for the small signal transduction elicited by LIC; it plays a relatively small role in polymorphonuclear leukocyte stimulation by HIC. @entity3 is the main receptor responsible for immune complex-elicited polymorphonuclear leukocyte responses; its efficacy is greatly enhanced when the receptors are cross-linked, either by preequilibrated multivalent complexes or by in situ cross-linking of bound LIC with excess antibody.

title: Role of the Fc gamma R subclasses Fc gamma RII and @entity3 in the activation of @entity0 neutrophils by low and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Two @entity5 (Fc gamma R) subclasses on @entity0 neutrophils, Fc gamma RII and @entity3 , activate different cellular functions. To examine the involvement of each receptor subtype in polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation, @entity2 and F(ab')2 fragments of subclass-specific monoclonal antibodies ([mAbs] mAb IV.3 against Fc gamma RII and mAb 3G8 against @entity3 , respectively) were used to block the binding of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Flow cytometry then permitted the simultaneous quantitation of antibody and ligand binding, the elicited intracellular @entity1 concentration (delta[ @entity1 ]int), initiation of the oxidative burst, and/or the @entity6 activation in the same cell. We have previously demonstrated that subsaturating dosages of HIC bind uniformly to all the cells but elicit an "all-or-none" (i.e., dose independent) maximal delta[ @entity1 ]int in a dose-dependent subpopulation of the cells. In contrast, both the proportion of cells responding and the magnitude of the delta[ @entity1 ]int transient depend on the subsaturating dose of LIC, even though it too binds uniformly to all the cells, nonresponding as well as responding. These earlier findings have here been extended by single cell flow cytometric analysis to demonstrate that F(ab')2 @entity3 is the major Fc gamma R involved in HIC binding (and [ @entity1 ]int mobilization), as well as in oxidative burst and @entity6 activation. In contrast, both receptor subclasses must be available for LIC-elicited delta[ @entity1 ]int, as blockage by either of the mAb @entity2 or F(ab')2 fragments abrogates this response, even though LIC binding to the receptors is not decreased. Furthermore, LIC elicited little oxidative burst activity and failed to activate @entity6 but cross-linking to achieve multivalency, previously shown to induce [ @entity1 ]int and oxidative burst responses, elicited @entity6 activity via @entity3 . Fc gamma RII's role appears to be modulation of the small, late @entity1 influx observed at > 1 min, whereas @entity3 modulates all the earlier larger events. Thus, simultaneous observation of receptor identity, receptor occupancy, and consequent activation parameters in the same cell by flow cytometry permits use to demonstrate that Fc gamma RII is necessary for the small signal transduction elicited by LIC; it plays a relatively small role in polymorphonuclear leukocyte stimulation by HIC. @entity3 is the main receptor responsible for immune complex-elicited polymorphonuclear leukocyte responses; its efficacy is greatly enhanced when the receptors are cross-linked, either by preequilibrated multivalent complexes or by in situ cross-linking of bound LIC with excess antibody.

title: Role of the Fc gamma R subclasses Fc gamma RII and XXXX in the activation of @entity0 neutrophils by low and @entity4 .

answer: @entity3