abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of this prospective, controlled study was to evaluate the risk factors for @entity4 in @entity0 undergoing gynecologic surgery and receiving @entity0 -controlled analgesia for three days. METHODS: Six hundred twenty-five gynecologic @entity0 with an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of I to III undergoing lower-abdominal surgeries were enrolled. A standard, general anesthetic technique was used. @entity2 was treated by a @entity0 -controlled analgesia device with bolus intravenous doses of 1 mg @entity5 . For 3 days after surgery @entity0 were assessed for occurrence of @entity3 , sedation, and @entity1 intensity when at rest and during movement. RESULTS: The incidence of @entity3 was 26% on postoperative day 1, 13% on day 2, and 4% on day 3. On all 3 days, @entity0 ' @entity1 scores when at rest and when coughing were higher for those with @entity3 than for those without. During the first 2 postoperative days the @entity0 with and those without @entity3 consumed similar amounts of @entity5 daily, but on the third day the @entity0 with @entity3 consumed significantly more @entity5 than did those without @entity3 ( <0.05). Further logistic regression analysis showed that incident @entity1 was the main risk factor for @entity4 on all 3 days. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested that @entity2 was an associative risk factor to increase the incidence of @entity3 in these female @entity0 .

title: Does XXXX induce @entity3 ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The trend toward day-case surgery, with discharge on oral medication, has highlighted the need for effective and safe analgesics that facilitate a rapid recovery and discharge time. This study evaluated the analgesic efficacy, dose dependency, duration of action, and safety of the @entity4 specific inhibitor, @entity5 , administered before oral or orthopedic surgery. METHODS: Eligible healthy adult @entity0 were scheduled to undergo either extraction of two impacted third molar teeth (n = 284) or bunionectomy surgery (n = 223) with local anesthesia in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies conducted at three centers in the United States. @entity0 received a single, preoperatively administered oral dose of placebo or 10 (oral surgery only), 20, 40, or 80 mg @entity5 . Analgesic efficacy was assessed postoperatively, over a 24-h treatment period, or until the @entity0 required rescue medication. Efficacy measures included time to rescue medication, proportion of @entity0 requiring such rescue, @entity1 intensity, and the @entity0 's Global Evaluation of Study Medication. RESULTS: In both studies, all doses of @entity5 produced @entity3 with a duration (time to rescue @entity3 ) and magnitude ( @entity1 Intensity, @entity0 's Global Evaluation) significantly greater than placebo. A dose-dependent effect was observed up to 40 mg @entity5 , with an 80-mg dose providing no additional analgesic benefit. In both models, all doses of @entity5 were well tolerated, with no clinically significant treatment-related gastrointestinal, renal, or platelet-derived adverse events, and no evidence of a dose-related increase in adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative orally administered @entity5 provides well-tolerated and effective @entity3 for mild to moderate @entity2 .

title: A single preoperative oral dose of XXXX , a new @entity4 specific inhibitor, relieves post-oral surgery or bunionectomy @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The trend toward day-case surgery, with discharge on oral medication, has highlighted the need for effective and safe analgesics that facilitate a rapid recovery and discharge time. This study evaluated the analgesic efficacy, dose dependency, duration of action, and safety of the @entity4 specific inhibitor, @entity5 , administered before oral or orthopedic surgery. METHODS: Eligible healthy adult @entity0 were scheduled to undergo either extraction of two impacted third molar teeth (n = 284) or bunionectomy surgery (n = 223) with local anesthesia in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies conducted at three centers in the United States. @entity0 received a single, preoperatively administered oral dose of placebo or 10 (oral surgery only), 20, 40, or 80 mg @entity5 . Analgesic efficacy was assessed postoperatively, over a 24-h treatment period, or until the @entity0 required rescue medication. Efficacy measures included time to rescue medication, proportion of @entity0 requiring such rescue, @entity1 intensity, and the @entity0 's Global Evaluation of Study Medication. RESULTS: In both studies, all doses of @entity5 produced @entity3 with a duration (time to rescue @entity3 ) and magnitude ( @entity1 Intensity, @entity0 's Global Evaluation) significantly greater than placebo. A dose-dependent effect was observed up to 40 mg @entity5 , with an 80-mg dose providing no additional analgesic benefit. In both models, all doses of @entity5 were well tolerated, with no clinically significant treatment-related gastrointestinal, renal, or platelet-derived adverse events, and no evidence of a dose-related increase in adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative orally administered @entity5 provides well-tolerated and effective @entity3 for mild to moderate @entity2 .

title: A single preoperative oral dose of @entity5 , a new @entity4 specific inhibitor, relieves post-oral surgery or bunionectomy XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The trend toward day-case surgery, with discharge on oral medication, has highlighted the need for effective and safe analgesics that facilitate a rapid recovery and discharge time. This study evaluated the analgesic efficacy, dose dependency, duration of action, and safety of the @entity4 specific inhibitor, @entity5 , administered before oral or orthopedic surgery. METHODS: Eligible healthy adult @entity0 were scheduled to undergo either extraction of two impacted third molar teeth (n = 284) or bunionectomy surgery (n = 223) with local anesthesia in two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies conducted at three centers in the United States. @entity0 received a single, preoperatively administered oral dose of placebo or 10 (oral surgery only), 20, 40, or 80 mg @entity5 . Analgesic efficacy was assessed postoperatively, over a 24-h treatment period, or until the @entity0 required rescue medication. Efficacy measures included time to rescue medication, proportion of @entity0 requiring such rescue, @entity1 intensity, and the @entity0 's Global Evaluation of Study Medication. RESULTS: In both studies, all doses of @entity5 produced @entity3 with a duration (time to rescue @entity3 ) and magnitude ( @entity1 Intensity, @entity0 's Global Evaluation) significantly greater than placebo. A dose-dependent effect was observed up to 40 mg @entity5 , with an 80-mg dose providing no additional analgesic benefit. In both models, all doses of @entity5 were well tolerated, with no clinically significant treatment-related gastrointestinal, renal, or platelet-derived adverse events, and no evidence of a dose-related increase in adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative orally administered @entity5 provides well-tolerated and effective @entity3 for mild to moderate @entity2 .

title: A single preoperative oral dose of @entity5 , a new XXXX specific inhibitor, relieves post-oral surgery or bunionectomy @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: For @entity0 with persistent or invasive @entity3 ( @entity3 ), systemic injection of chemotherapy is the treatment of choice if fertility is to be preserved. To prevent serious adverse effects after systemic use and possibly achieve better effects, direct local injection of chemotherapy into the @entity2 site, especially when in the myometrium, seems a reasonable alternative. A @entity0 with a persistent @entity4 with @entity1 is presented. A plateau of beta-hCG ( @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin) level around 550 mIU/mL was noticed for three weeks though systemic @entity5 ( @entity6 ) injection and repeat suction curettage had been performed. During the same period, a well-defined invasive complex with multiple vesicles in the myometrium was documented using transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS). Sonar-guided injection to the @entity2 using 50 mg @entity6 was performed uneventfully. An obvious shrinkage of the mass and declining beta-hCG level were demonstrated after the procedure. The @entity0 restored her menses after the operation and a fertility evaluation including serial beta-hCG levels and hysterosalpingography showed them to be within the reference ranges. The successful outcome of this case encouraged us to treat localized invasive @entity3 using direct injection of @entity6 with the guidance of TVUS. Since no identical cases were found in our review of the English literature, more cases and similar regimens are needed to establish the safety and efficacy of this procedure.

title: Successful treatment of a persistent mole with @entity1 by direct injection of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: For @entity0 with persistent or invasive @entity3 ( @entity3 ), systemic injection of chemotherapy is the treatment of choice if fertility is to be preserved. To prevent serious adverse effects after systemic use and possibly achieve better effects, direct local injection of chemotherapy into the @entity2 site, especially when in the myometrium, seems a reasonable alternative. A @entity0 with a persistent @entity4 with @entity1 is presented. A plateau of beta-hCG ( @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin) level around 550 mIU/mL was noticed for three weeks though systemic @entity5 ( @entity6 ) injection and repeat suction curettage had been performed. During the same period, a well-defined invasive complex with multiple vesicles in the myometrium was documented using transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS). Sonar-guided injection to the @entity2 using 50 mg @entity6 was performed uneventfully. An obvious shrinkage of the mass and declining beta-hCG level were demonstrated after the procedure. The @entity0 restored her menses after the operation and a fertility evaluation including serial beta-hCG levels and hysterosalpingography showed them to be within the reference ranges. The successful outcome of this case encouraged us to treat localized invasive @entity3 using direct injection of @entity6 with the guidance of TVUS. Since no identical cases were found in our review of the English literature, more cases and similar regimens are needed to establish the safety and efficacy of this procedure.

title: Successful treatment of a persistent mole with XXXX by direct injection of @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP) is characterized by profound @entity7 , @entity11 , a @entity8 , and an enlarging @entity5 . The syndrome develops in infancy and is associated with a high morbidity and mortality rate. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of @entity9 in the treatment of KMP. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and laboratory data of 15 @entity0 with KMP treated with @entity9 at 9 institutions across the United States, South America, and Europe. RESULTS: All 15 @entity0 had profound @entity7 and consumption of @entity10 at presentation. Ten @entity0 had biopsies of their lesions, and results included five (33.3%) kaposiform @entity13 , three (20%) tufted @entity12 , @entity2 (6.7%) with features of both @entity14 and @entity15 , and one (6.7%) unclassified @entity1 . All 15 @entity0 had an increase in platelet count of at least 20,000 with an average response time of 4.0 weeks after initiation of @entity9 therapy. Thirteen @entity0 had an increase in @entity10 level of 50 mg/dL with an average response time of 3.4 weeks. In 13 @entity0 there was a significant decrease in the size of the @entity5 . The average duration of treatment was 21.5 (+/-12.6) weeks. Four @entity0 (26%) relapsed. All four were successfully treated with a second course of @entity9 . Complications included one @entity0 with @entity6 , one @entity0 with transient @entity4 , and one @entity0 with @entity3 . CONCLUSION: @entity9 presents a safe and sometimes effective treatment option in the management of KMP.

title: Kasabach-merritt phenomenon: a retrospective study of treatment with XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Andropause seem to be less defined than menopause. This study on older @entity0 describes how they perceive and understand this aging process. A noninterventional, cross-sectional study was performed to determine what @entity0 report as symptoms of andropause to ascertain if @entity8 was a predominant feature. The hypothesis was that @entity9 such as @entity5 are responsible for @entity4 . As such the aging process of andropause, which is associated with declines in @entity5 levels, would lead to @entity8 . A standardized questionnaire of 22 questions was administered to 302 outpatients of a medical center. Information on @entity0 demographics, understanding of andropause, and risk factors was collected. Of the 302 @entity0 , 71% were above 60 years and whites predominated at 87%. @entity8 was reported in 36% of the @entity0 who felt that they had experienced andropause. It was the third most common symptom after @entity7 (46%) and general weakness (41%). Twenty-two percent of the 302 @entity0 had a history of @entity1 . Among those who reported that they had undergone andropause, @entity1 @entity0 were more likely to report @entity8 (p = .03, OR = 1.9. CI = 1.1-3.4). Sixty-four percent of @entity0 reported the onset of andropause to be between 50 and 70 years (the median age being 50-60 years). This study highlights the importance of @entity5 in maintaining cognitive functions. It supports studies of @entity5 replacement in @entity0 undergoing andropause and who have concomitant @entity6 . The results parallel recent reports of the neuroprotective effects of @entity3 in preventing @entity6 . @entity1 is associated with @entity8 because of the additional insults to cognitive function of the brain secondary to @entity2 .

title: XXXX as a reported symptom of andropause.

answer: @entity8


abstract: AIM: To compare the therapeutic effects of proton pump inhibitors vs H2 receptor antagonists for @entity2 in @entity0 after successful endoscopy. METHODS: We searched the Cochrane library, MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed for randomized controlled trials until July 2014 for this study. The risk of bias was evaluated by the Cochrane Collaboration's tool and all of the studies had acceptable quality. The main outcomes included mortality, re-bleeding, received surgery rate, blood transfusion units and hospital stay time. These outcomes were estimated using odds ratios (OR) and mean difference with 95% confidence interval (CI). RevMan 5.3.3 software and Stata 12.0 software were used for data analyses. RESULTS: Ten randomized controlled trials involving 1283 @entity0 were included in this review; 678 subjects were in the proton pump inhibitors (PPI) group and the remaining 605 subjects were in the H2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) group. The meta-analysis results revealed that after successful endoscopic therapy, compared with H2RA, PPI therapy had statistically significantly decreased the recurrent bleeding rate (OR = 0.36; 95%CI: 0.25-0.51) and receiving surgery rate (OR = 0.29; 95%CI: 0.09-0.96). There were no statistically significant differences in mortality (OR = 0.46; 95%CI: 0.17-1.23). However, significant heterogeneity was present in both the numbers of @entity0 requiring blood transfusion after treatment [ @entity1 ( @entity1 ), -0.70 unit; 95%CI: -1.64 - 0.25] and the time that @entity0 remained hospitalized [ @entity1 , -0.77 d; 95%CI: -1.87 - 0.34]. The Begg's test (P = 0.283) and Egger's test (P = 0.339) demonstrated that there was no publication bias in our meta-analysis. CONCLUSION: In @entity0 with @entity2 after successful endoscopic therapy, compared with H2RA, PPI may be a more effective therapy.

title: Proton pump inhibitors therapy vs H2 receptor antagonists therapy for XXXX after endoscopy: A meta-analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To standardize a new rating scale for the assessment of apathy in @entity3 (AD) and report on its reliability, structure, and relation to other clinical features of AD. BACKGROUND: apathy is a common prominent @entity2 accompanying AD and is associated with excess disability and increased caregiver burden. Current instruments for the assessment of apathy in AD do not explicitly and systematically attempt to differentiate limited activity and engagement due to lack of interest from inability or longstanding, premorbid personality traits. The present assessment, the @entity4 Apathy Interview and Rating (DAIR), was developed taking these discriminations into account in question construction and interview format. METHODS: One hundred @entity0 (50% @entity0 ) in the University Memory and Aging Center Research Registry with Probable or Possible AD (by NINCDS-ADRDA criteria) were assessed through caregiver interview or direct @entity0 assessment for apathy, @entity5 , and severity of @entity1 . Item distribution characteristics, factor analysis, and evaluation of reliability were used to develop the final item set for the DAIR, and correlations with other measures were examined. RESULTS: A 16-item unidimensional apathy scale with excellent internal consistency (alpha = 0.89) and temporal reliability ( = 0.85 over 2 months) was developed. Individual differences in apathy on the DAIR were unrelated to dysphoria. Apathy was significantly associated with functional and @entity1 , while @entity5 was not. CONCLUSIONS: The DAIR is a reliable informant-based assessment of apathy in @entity0 with AD. Although apathy is assessed with respect to behaviors within the repertoire of @entity0 , this @entity2 remains associated with more severe deficits in cognitive and adaptive functioning. Associations between @entity5 and @entity4 severity reported in some studies may reflect the confounding of apathy and @entity5 in some assessment instruments.

title: An informant-based assessment of apathy in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of coadministration of food on the bioavailability of oral @entity2 . DESIGN: A randomised, open-label, single dose crossover study in which healthy adults received a single, oral dose of @entity2 7.5mg, 50% greater than the recommended dose of 5mg, under fed or fasted conditions and were then crossed over to receive the other treatment regimen. @entity0 : 18 healthy volunteers (11 @entity0 , 7 @entity0 ) aged from 18 to 43 (mean 29) years and weighing 54 to 104 (mean 76.4) kg were enrolled and completed this study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: C(max), AUC(S) and AUC(infinity ). RESULTS: Maximum mean plasma concentration (C(max)) was 3.53 microg/L in fed compared with 3.30 microg/L in fasted @entity0 . Area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to time of final quantifiable sample (AUC(S)) mean values were 61.0 microg/L x h in fed and 61.9 microg/L x h in fasted @entity0 . Fed individuals had mean AUC extrapolated to infinity (AUC(infinity )) of 62.5 microg/L x h compared with 63.5 microg/L x h in fasted @entity0 . None of these differences between the fed and fasted state was statistically significant. The most frequently reported adverse event was @entity1 . There were no statistically significant changes in ECG parameters. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that food has no effect on the oral bioavailability of a single oral dose of @entity2 7.5mg.

title: Oral bioavailability of XXXX is unaffected by food.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of cold sensitivity in @entity0 with hand- and wrist-related diagnoses. METHODS: We included English-speaking adults who were more than 1  month @entity2 or onset of symptoms. @entity0 were asked if exposure to cold air or water provoked cold-related symptoms and to rank symptom severity (scale 0-10). Statistical analyses evaluated the relationships between the cold sensitivity and independent variables (age, gender, history of @entity1 , and time from @entity1 ). RESULTS: There were 197 @entity0 (mean age 49        16  years): 98 @entity1 and 99 non- @entity1 cases. Cold-induced symptoms were reported by 34  %, with 10  % reporting severe symptoms. Exposure to cold air is the most common catalyst; mean severity score was 6.7        2.2. Those with @entity1 compared to non- @entity1 diagnoses reported significantly more cold-induced symptoms (p   =   .04). Using backward linear regression, the significant predictors of cold symptom severity were @entity1 (p   =   .004) and time since onset (p   =   .003). Including only the @entity1 @entity0 in the regression model, the significant predictor was time since injury (p   =   .005). CONCLUSIONS: Cold-induced symptoms are reported by more than 30  % of hand-related diagnoses, and exposure to cold air was the most commonly reported trigger. The significant predictors of cold-induced symptoms are @entity1 and longer time from injury. This study provides evidence of the common problem of cold sensitivity in @entity0 with hand pathology. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic Level II.

title: Prevalence of cold sensitivity in XXXX with hand pathology.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To describe the appearance and prevalence of subcutaneous nodules in the anterior abdominal wall seen at CT in @entity2 @entity0 receiving subcutaneous injections of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). METHODS: CT examinations were reviewed in 426 @entity0 receiving subcutaneous abdominal wall injections of LMWH for the presence of nodules. Nodules were evaluated for contour, maximal diameter, CT attenuation, and presence of hazy changes or air in the surrounding fat. RESULTS: Fourteen (3%) of the 426 @entity0 had nodules attributable to subcutaneous injections of LMWH. Findings included poorly defined borders (100%), adjacent hazy soft tissue changes (100%), adjacent air (57%), and a mean CT attenuation of -4.4 HU (range: -50-40 HU). Three (0.7%) of 426 @entity0 had nodules caused by @entity1 . One (33%) nodule had poorly defined borders, two (67%) had surrounding hazy changes, one (33%) had air in adjacent tissue, and there was a mean CT attenuation of 44 HU (range: 14-140 HU). One (0.2%) @entity0 had a subcutaneous nodule of uncertain etiology. CONCLUSION: @entity0 receiving subcutaneous injections of LMWH may develop nodules at the injection sites. Such nodules can resemble @entity1 deposits at CT, and careful correlation with clinical history and growth trends of metastatic deposits elsewhere in the @entity0 is needed to avoid misdiagnosis.

title: Subcutaneous nodules at the injection site of low-molecular-weight heparin: a mimic of XXXX at CT.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Positional stability of the endograft is essential for long-term durability after @entity3 repair (EAR). However, the cumulative risk of delayed endograft migration has been sparsely reported. METHOD: A total of 91 @entity0 studied underwent EAR with the AneuRx endograft with a minimum 1 year from implantation. Data from a prospective database were assessed for proximal endograft migration, defined as > or = 5 mm change from the initial endograft position. Multiple anatomic characteristics were also examined. Sixty-nine @entity0 were alive, with complete follow-up at 1 year, with a mean time from implantation of 33.2 +/- 1.1 months. Data are mean +/- SEM. RESULTS: Endograft migration occurred in 15 @entity0 , giving a cumulative event rate of 7.2% (5/69) at 1 year, 20.4% (10/49) at 2 years, 42.1% (8/19) at 3 years, and 66.7% (2/3) at 4 years post-EAR (P =.01). Although the initial aortic neck diameter did not differ between the groups (21.5 +/- 0.6 mm vs 21.8 +/- 0.3 mm, P =.61), significant (P <.05), late @entity1 was seen in @entity0 with migration (25.0 +/- 1.6 mm, 26.2 +/- 1.2 mm, and 27.0 +/- 1.0 mm at 1,2, and 3 years, respectively) but not in nonmigrators. Regression analysis demonstrated a statistically significant (P <.05) correlation between endograft oversizing and late @entity2 . Overall migration risk was 29.2% in @entity0 oversized >20% and 18.6% in @entity0 oversized < or = 20%. @entity1 (23.4 +/- 6.6 degrees vs 23.5 +/- 3.3 degrees, P =.99), @entity1 (25.9 +/- 2.5 mm vs 27.0 +/- 1.6 mm, P =.74), @entity1 (18.6 +/- 2.6 mm vs 19.4 +/- 1.4 mm, P =.80) and size of @entity3 (55.5 +/- 1.5 mm vs 54.9 +/- 1.4 mm, P =.84) were similar between migrators and nonmigrators, respectively. Secondary endovascular treatment with aortic cuffs was required in five @entity0 with device migration. CONCLUSIONS: Device migration after EAR with the AneuRx endograft occurred with significant frequency, the incidence of which increased with the length of follow-up. Late @entity2 was significantly associated with migration. Oversizing of the endograft of >20% may accelerate this late @entity2 . However, the etiologies of endograft migration were likely multifactorial, as the majority (8/15) of @entity0 experiencing migration were oversized <20%. Although endovascular repair of these migrations is usually possible, the long-term durability of these secondary procedures is unknown. Careful surveillance for this endograft failure mode must be an essential component of post-EAR follow-up.

title: Endograft migration one to four years after XXXX repair with the AneuRx device: a cautionary note.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this paper is to review recent literature on suicide and self- @entity3 ( @entity3 ) including @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). Among psychiatric diagnoses, @entity7 are associated with increased mortality rates, even when specialized treatment is available. Of the mortalities that are reported in individuals with @entity7 , suicide is among the most commonly reported causes of @entity2 . Additionally, suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors occur frequently in this clinical population. A literature search was undertaken using the databases of Medline/PubMed and PsycInfo to identify papers describing suicidality in individuals with @entity3 diagnoses. The authors identified studies and review articles published between 2005-2013 (inclusive) that describe the relationship between @entity7 and suicide, and associated behaviors including self-injurious behaviors, or @entity1 ( @entity1 ). The initial search resulted in 1095 papers that met the a priori search criteria. After careful review, 66 papers were included. The majority of papers described clinical cohorts that were studied longitudinally. The diagnosis described most frequently in selected studies was @entity4 . There are limited current data about the prevalence of suicide and @entity1 among individuals with @entity7 . Among the published studies that focus specifically on the relationship between @entity7 and suicidality, most describe @entity4 in more detail than other @entity7 . Nonetheless, rates of mortality, and specifically rates of suicide, are undeniably high in @entity3 populations, as are the rates of self-harm. Therefore, it is critical for clinicians and caretakers to carefully evaluate these @entity0 for suicide risk and to refer promptly for appropriate treatment.

title: The current status of suicide and self- XXXX : a narrative review.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) for the evaluation of @entity1 with @entity0 is rapidly gaining acceptance. The purpose of this study was to assess how surgeons in the Department of Defense ( @entity5 ) are incorporating @entity3 into practice. METHODS: Surgeons at all @entity5 hospitals were telephonically surveyed regarding their current practices with @entity3 . RESULTS: Of 66 @entity5 hospitals 23 (35%) are currently performing @entity3 . Eleven hospitals (11 of 23, 48%) are academic centers, while 12 (12 of 23, 52%) are not teaching facilities. Seventeen (17 of 23, 77%) are in the learning phase of @entity3 and follow @entity3 with an axillary dissection. Eighteen (18 of 23, 78%) of facilities have surgeons who learned the procedure in residency/fellowship training. Sixteen (16 of 23, 70%) use a combination of @entity4 dye and @entity2 colloid radioisotope. Surgeons performing @entity3 are not aware of the method of examination of the sentinel node at their institution at 6 of 23 (26%) of hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Increasing numbers of surgeons in the @entity5 Healthcare System are performing @entity3 . The majority learned the procedure in residency or fellowship and are using a combination of blue dye and radioisotope for the performance of @entity3 .

title: Implementation of sentinel lymph node biopsy for XXXX by surgeons in the Department of Defense.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are the most common cause of @entity1 in @entity4 @entity0 . To access the incidence of @entity5 and survival in advanced @entity3 , we included 79 @entity0 with @entity4 treated at Hospital Evandro Chagas (FIOCRUZ) from September 1997 to December 1999 with at least one @entity2 count <or=100 cells/mm(3). The incidence of @entity5 was analyzed by Poisson's regression, and survival by Kaplan Meier and Cox analysis, considering a retrospective (before @entity2 <or=100 cells/mm(3)) and a prospective (after @entity2 <or=100 cells/mm(3)) period, and controlling for demographic, clinical and laboratory characteristics. The confidence interval estipulated was 95%. Mean follow-up period was 733 days (CI = 683-782). During the study 9 (11.4%) @entity0 died. Survival from @entity4 diagnosis was a mean of 2589 days (CI = 2363-2816) and from the date of the @entity2 count @entity2 <or=100 cells/mm(3) was a mean of 1376 (CI = 1181-1572) days. Incidence of @entity5 was 0.51 pp/y before @entity2 <or= 100 cells/mm(3) and 0.29 pp/y after @entity2 <or= 100 cells/mm(3). A lower number of ODs before @entity2 < 100 cells/mm(3) was associated with lower incidence rates after @entity2 <or= 100 cells/mm(3). @entity4 diagnosis based on @entity2 + counts <or= 200 cells/mm(3) was associated with lower incidence rates after @entity2 <or= 100 cells/mm(3). Baseline @entity2 counts above 50 cells/mm(3) (HR = 0.13) and restoration of baseline @entity2 + counts above 100 cells/mm(3) (HR = 0.16) were associated with a lower risk of @entity1 . Controlling both variables, only restoration of baseline counts was statistically significant (HR = 0.22, p = 0.04). We found a very low incidence of @entity5 and long survival after @entity2 < 100 cells/mm(3). Survival was significantly associated with restoration of baseline @entity2 counts above 100 cells/mm(3).

title: Morbidity and survival in advanced XXXX in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

answer: @entity4


abstract: LESSONS LEARNED: Accrual to cervical @entity2 studies remains a puzzling challenge given the lack of options and the dismal prognosis of this disease. The majority of @entity1 referred for a trial such as this have very advanced disease that is difficult to manage.The observation of 4 partial responses among the 41 @entity1 indicates that @entity12 has some activity but not sufficient for further development without greater understanding of mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance. BACKGROUND: @entity12 is a microtubule-stabilizing agent approved for metastatic @entity0 . Preclinical data have shown that @entity12 is active in @entity10 -sensitive and -resistant cells. Metastatic @entity9 (mCC) has a poor prognosis and no established second-line therapies. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of @entity12 in previously treated mCC. METHODS: @entity1 with histologically confirmed mCC and at least one prior @entity7 -containing regimen were treated with @entity12 [6 mg/m(2) per day for 5 days] every 21 days. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity2 (RECIST). Secondary endpoints were response rate, rate of @entity2 growth, overall survival (OS), and safety. Levels of glu-terminated and acetylated tubulin, markers of microtubule stabilization, and surrogates for target engagement were assessed by Western blot. RESULTS: In total, 41 @entity1 were enrolled; 34 had @entity2 with primarily squamous histology. The median number of prior therapies was 2 (range 1-6). Four @entity1 (9.7%) had a partial response. Median PFS in months was 2.3 for all, 3.84 for @entity10 - @entity11  ve, and 2.03 for @entity10 -pretreated @entity1 (p = .13). Consistent with this, we found statistically similar (p = 1) rates of growth in @entity10 -naive @entity1 (0.0035 per day) and @entity10 pretreated @entity1 (0.0053 per day). Median OS was 5.84 months. G1/2 @entity4 included @entity6 (43%), @entity3 (21%), and @entity8 (60%). Bowel fistulas were observed in 7% of @entity1 . @entity5 and acetylated tubulin were assessed in @entity2 samples from 11 @entity1 during the first cycle of treatment. Although there was clear evidence of "target engagement" and microtubule stabilization in all @entity2 , a correlation between the extent of tubulin stabilization and response to therapy could not be demonstrated. CONCLUSION: @entity12 was well tolerated but showed very modest activity in second- or later-line mCC and cannot be recommended as a therapy. Target engagement was demonstrated but was not correlated with responses, suggesting that other factors mediate drug sensitivity. New strategies are needed for refractory mCC.

title: Phase II Clinical Trial of XXXX in Metastatic @entity9 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: LESSONS LEARNED: Accrual to cervical @entity2 studies remains a puzzling challenge given the lack of options and the dismal prognosis of this disease. The majority of @entity1 referred for a trial such as this have very advanced disease that is difficult to manage.The observation of 4 partial responses among the 41 @entity1 indicates that @entity12 has some activity but not sufficient for further development without greater understanding of mechanisms of sensitivity and resistance. BACKGROUND: @entity12 is a microtubule-stabilizing agent approved for metastatic @entity0 . Preclinical data have shown that @entity12 is active in @entity10 -sensitive and -resistant cells. Metastatic @entity9 (mCC) has a poor prognosis and no established second-line therapies. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of @entity12 in previously treated mCC. METHODS: @entity1 with histologically confirmed mCC and at least one prior @entity7 -containing regimen were treated with @entity12 [6 mg/m(2) per day for 5 days] every 21 days. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in @entity2 (RECIST). Secondary endpoints were response rate, rate of @entity2 growth, overall survival (OS), and safety. Levels of glu-terminated and acetylated tubulin, markers of microtubule stabilization, and surrogates for target engagement were assessed by Western blot. RESULTS: In total, 41 @entity1 were enrolled; 34 had @entity2 with primarily squamous histology. The median number of prior therapies was 2 (range 1-6). Four @entity1 (9.7%) had a partial response. Median PFS in months was 2.3 for all, 3.84 for @entity10 - @entity11  ve, and 2.03 for @entity10 -pretreated @entity1 (p = .13). Consistent with this, we found statistically similar (p = 1) rates of growth in @entity10 -naive @entity1 (0.0035 per day) and @entity10 pretreated @entity1 (0.0053 per day). Median OS was 5.84 months. G1/2 @entity4 included @entity6 (43%), @entity3 (21%), and @entity8 (60%). Bowel fistulas were observed in 7% of @entity1 . @entity5 and acetylated tubulin were assessed in @entity2 samples from 11 @entity1 during the first cycle of treatment. Although there was clear evidence of "target engagement" and microtubule stabilization in all @entity2 , a correlation between the extent of tubulin stabilization and response to therapy could not be demonstrated. CONCLUSION: @entity12 was well tolerated but showed very modest activity in second- or later-line mCC and cannot be recommended as a therapy. Target engagement was demonstrated but was not correlated with responses, suggesting that other factors mediate drug sensitivity. New strategies are needed for refractory mCC.

title: Phase II Clinical Trial of @entity12 in Metastatic XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Increased @entity2 utilization and @entity7 expression are adaptive features of lung cells exposed to @entity3 or @entity5 . @entity7 is the most regulated isoform of HK. Whether its overexpression could be protective against oxidative stress was explored in @entity0 lung epithelial-like (A549) cells. @entity7 was overexpressed in A549 cells in a @entity4 -repressible retroviral vector system. Elevated expression of @entity7 was confirmed by Western blot and activity measurements. Cell death caused by exposure to @entity5 was decreased in @entity7 -overexpressing cells. This effect was reversed when @entity7 expression was suppressed with @entity6 . A similar protective effect was observed in @entity7 -overexpressing cells after treatment with 1 mM @entity1 for 48 h. At baseline, fluorescence microscopy showed that overexpressed @entity7 was localized to mitochondria. Electron microscopic studies showed that @entity5 -exposed @entity7 overexpressors had better-preserved and quantitatively smaller mitochondria than those in which the @entity7 expression was suppressed or in the nontransduced A549 cells. Mitochondrial membrane potential was increased in @entity7 -overexpressing cells exposed to @entity5 compared with the nontransduced control cells under similar conditions. The present study demonstrates that @entity7 protects @entity0 lung epithelial-like A549 cells against oxidative insults by protecting the mitochondria.

title: Elevated expression of hexokinase II protects XXXX lung epithelial-like A549 cells against oxidative injury.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity0 with recurrent @entity7 can suffer both psychologically and socially due to excessive @entity2 . After the failure of conservative treatment, conventional surgical interventions, such as anterior stromal puncture have been suggested. The purpose of this study was to assess the morphological and functional results of minimally invasive excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (e- @entity9 ) for treatment of recurrent @entity7 and in particular, to evaluate the cumulative recurrence rate. @entity0 AND METHODS: Between July 1990 and January 2001, 116 e-PTKs have been performed mostly in the acute stage of the disease in this single center study. In 15 eyes an unsuccessful @entity9 had previously been performed elsewhere. Reasons for the erosion included @entity1 ( n=80), @entity8 ( n=14), @entity5 ( n=2), and in 20 cases no cause could be detected. A manually guided spot profile was applied in 99 cases (pulse energy 10 mJ, repetition rate 2/s or 3/s, 66-330 pulses). In 17 cases a scanning slit procedure was applied (intended ablation per scan 1 microm, repetition rate 20/s, 447-1,017 pulses). The broad deepithelialisation of Bowman's layer was treated with defocussed overlapping laser pulses. RESULTS: Complete epithelial closure was achieved after an average of 2.3+/-1.3 (median 2) days, the mean follow-up was 2.2+/-1.6 years with a maximum of 5.6 years. Best corrected visual acuity increased from 0.6+/-0.4 preoperatively to 0.9+/-0.3 postoperatively. The keratometric central power remained constant (preoperative 43.0+/-2.2 D (diopters), postoperative 43.3+/-1.9 D). The median keratometric @entity4 remained constant at 1.0 D. Only in 2 @entity0 was an iatrogenic, not completely reversible irregular @entity4 of more than 2 D induced during the learning curve. The spherical equivalent did not change significantly (-1.0+/-3.3 D preop., -1.1+/-3.4 D postop.). In 9 eyes (7.8%) a recurrent @entity6 occurred after 2-24 (average 8+/-6) months. The cumulative 1-year recurrence rate was 6.5%, the 2-year recurrence rate was 11.5%, the 3-, 4-, and 5-year recurrence rates were all 13.6%. CONCLUSIONS: For recurrent @entity7 , e- @entity9 performed with low pulse energy and low number of pulses can be considered an effective treatment modality to achieve a fast and mostly durable epithelial closure. Even after broad removal of the loose epithelium, change of refraction or induction of an irregular @entity4 with @entity3 seems to be the exception.

title: [Phototherapeutic keratectomy for recurrent XXXX (e- @entity9 ). Report on 116 consecutive interventions].

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity0 with recurrent @entity7 can suffer both psychologically and socially due to excessive @entity2 . After the failure of conservative treatment, conventional surgical interventions, such as anterior stromal puncture have been suggested. The purpose of this study was to assess the morphological and functional results of minimally invasive excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (e- @entity9 ) for treatment of recurrent @entity7 and in particular, to evaluate the cumulative recurrence rate. @entity0 AND METHODS: Between July 1990 and January 2001, 116 e-PTKs have been performed mostly in the acute stage of the disease in this single center study. In 15 eyes an unsuccessful @entity9 had previously been performed elsewhere. Reasons for the erosion included @entity1 ( n=80), @entity8 ( n=14), @entity5 ( n=2), and in 20 cases no cause could be detected. A manually guided spot profile was applied in 99 cases (pulse energy 10 mJ, repetition rate 2/s or 3/s, 66-330 pulses). In 17 cases a scanning slit procedure was applied (intended ablation per scan 1 microm, repetition rate 20/s, 447-1,017 pulses). The broad deepithelialisation of Bowman's layer was treated with defocussed overlapping laser pulses. RESULTS: Complete epithelial closure was achieved after an average of 2.3+/-1.3 (median 2) days, the mean follow-up was 2.2+/-1.6 years with a maximum of 5.6 years. Best corrected visual acuity increased from 0.6+/-0.4 preoperatively to 0.9+/-0.3 postoperatively. The keratometric central power remained constant (preoperative 43.0+/-2.2 D (diopters), postoperative 43.3+/-1.9 D). The median keratometric @entity4 remained constant at 1.0 D. Only in 2 @entity0 was an iatrogenic, not completely reversible irregular @entity4 of more than 2 D induced during the learning curve. The spherical equivalent did not change significantly (-1.0+/-3.3 D preop., -1.1+/-3.4 D postop.). In 9 eyes (7.8%) a recurrent @entity6 occurred after 2-24 (average 8+/-6) months. The cumulative 1-year recurrence rate was 6.5%, the 2-year recurrence rate was 11.5%, the 3-, 4-, and 5-year recurrence rates were all 13.6%. CONCLUSIONS: For recurrent @entity7 , e- @entity9 performed with low pulse energy and low number of pulses can be considered an effective treatment modality to achieve a fast and mostly durable epithelial closure. Even after broad removal of the loose epithelium, change of refraction or induction of an irregular @entity4 with @entity3 seems to be the exception.

title: [Phototherapeutic keratectomy for recurrent @entity7 (e- XXXX ). Report on 116 consecutive interventions].

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity7 , the agent of the @entity6 , @entity6 , contains @entity4 , @entity5 , @entity8 and metallo proteinases. Aspartic proteinases have not been found so far. The most abundant among these enzymes is cruzipain, a @entity4 proteinase expressed as a complex mixture of isoforms by the major developmental stages of the parasite, including some membrane-bound isoforms. The enzyme is an immunodominant antigen in @entity0 @entity2 and seems to be important in the host/parasite relationship. Inhibitors of cruzipain kill the parasite and cure infected @entity1 , thus making the enzyme a very promising target for the development of new drugs against @entity6 . In addition 30 kDa cathepsin B-like enzymes have been described. @entity5 peptidases described in the parasite include oligopeptidase B, a member of the @entity9 oligopeptidase family involved in @entity3 -signalling during @entity0 cell invasion; a @entity9 endopeptidase (Tc80), against which inhibitors are being developed, and a @entity5 carboxypeptidase belonging to the S10 family. Metalloproteinases homologous to the gp63 of Leishmania spp. are also present. The proteasome has properties similar to those of other eukaryotes, and its inhibition by @entity10 blocks some differentiation steps in the life cycle of the parasite.

title: Proteinases of XXXX : patential targets for the chemotherapy of Changas desease.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to assess survival, prognostic factors, and complications in a cohort of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) treated with transnasal endoscopic surgery        radiotherapy (RT). METHODS: @entity0 with @entity1 who underwent endoscopic surgery        RT at 2 tertiary centers were retrospectively reviewed. Overall survival (OS) and event-free survival were calculated, and statistically significant variables were entered in a multivariate Cox regression model. Complications were also analyzed. RESULTS: One hundred-sixty-nine @entity0 were included. Major complications occurred in 9.5% of @entity0 . Adjuvant RT was delivered in 58.6% of @entity0 . Five-year OS and event-free survival were 68.9% and 63.6%, respectively. Advanced pT classification, high-grade, and positive surgical margins were independently predictive of poor survival. CONCLUSION: Endoscopic surgery        RT is a valid treatment option in most cases of @entity1 . When compared with series based on external surgery, our results support a definitive paradigm shift in the management of @entity1 .    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E996-E1003, 2016.

title: XXXX of the ethmoid: Outcomes of a treatment regimen based on endoscopic surgery with or without radiotherapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Experimental scratching in animals has hitherto been provoked by substances injected into the skin or central nervous system. We aimed to investigate if spontaneous scratching in the @entity0 can be reduced by sedatives and antipruritics, and to assess if spontaneous scratching is elicited from the skin or the central nervous system. It may also be a complex behaviour related to the @entity0 species, different from clinical itch. Eight male hairless @entity0 were studied for 6 weeks. The animals were recorded on videotape in the middle of the day and at night, and the scratching activity was counted. The following substances were tested sequentially: @entity1 , @entity5 , a eutectic mixture of @entity2 and @entity3 ( @entity4 , @entity6 and a vehicle. On days 1-3 of each sequence, the test material was applied to a 42-cm(2) area on the rostral part of the back. Subsequent treatment of the whole body was made on day 4. @entity1 was injected intraperitoneally from day 1 to day 4. After 4 days of treatment, there was a wash-out phase of 3 days until the next sequence. We found a positive correlation between minutes awake and number of scratch episodes. Spontaneous scratching was lower after @entity5 on day 4 (p = 0.046) and after @entity1 injections on days 1-3 (p = 0.009) and day 4 (p = 0.003). The local anaesthetic, @entity4 , did not significantly influence spontaneous scratching. In conclusion, only the drugs with sedative properties suppressed spontaneous scratching, which is probably a cerebral phenomenon or otherwise explained general behaviour, rather than a reaction to skin stimuli. Thus, for testing of topically applied antipruritics, spontaneous scratching cannot be used as an animal model. Furthermore, evaluation of provocative scratching should eliminate/exclude spontaneous scratching.

title: Suppression of spontaneous scratching in hairless XXXX by sedatives but not by antipruritics.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: A report of the clinical features, treatment, and outcome of @entity0 who developed @entity4 ( @entity4 ) temporally associated with @entity3 (Fludara; Berlex Laboratories, Richmond, CA) therapy for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Data on 24 @entity0 who developed @entity4 related to @entity3 therapy were collected from the Spontaneous Reporting System of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Walter Reed Army Medical Center (Washington, DC). RESULTS: Seventeen (71%) @entity0 developed @entity4 after either the first, second, or third cycle of this drug. The longest duration of @entity3 therapy before @entity4 occurred was six cycles. The median decline in hematocrit from baseline during the hemolytic episode was 14.1 (range, 8.0 to 28.9) for the 18 @entity0 for whom this information was available. For the 11 @entity0 for whom transfusion requirements were known, the number of transfusions administered ranged between three and 36. Seven (29%) @entity0 died of medical complications associated with the @entity4 . Seven of eight @entity0 who were re-challenged with @entity3 after an episode of @entity4 developed recurrent @entity4 , and three of these @entity0 died. CONCLUSION: @entity4 associated with @entity3 therapy appears to be uncommon, but it can be severe and fatal, especially if a @entity0 is re-treated with this drug after a previous episode of @entity4 . The mechanism of this @entity1 is unknown, but it may be caused by the release of a suppressed auto-antibody to a native red cell antigen.

title: @entity4 after XXXX therapy for @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: A report of the clinical features, treatment, and outcome of @entity0 who developed @entity4 ( @entity4 ) temporally associated with @entity3 (Fludara; Berlex Laboratories, Richmond, CA) therapy for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Data on 24 @entity0 who developed @entity4 related to @entity3 therapy were collected from the Spontaneous Reporting System of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Walter Reed Army Medical Center (Washington, DC). RESULTS: Seventeen (71%) @entity0 developed @entity4 after either the first, second, or third cycle of this drug. The longest duration of @entity3 therapy before @entity4 occurred was six cycles. The median decline in hematocrit from baseline during the hemolytic episode was 14.1 (range, 8.0 to 28.9) for the 18 @entity0 for whom this information was available. For the 11 @entity0 for whom transfusion requirements were known, the number of transfusions administered ranged between three and 36. Seven (29%) @entity0 died of medical complications associated with the @entity4 . Seven of eight @entity0 who were re-challenged with @entity3 after an episode of @entity4 developed recurrent @entity4 , and three of these @entity0 died. CONCLUSION: @entity4 associated with @entity3 therapy appears to be uncommon, but it can be severe and fatal, especially if a @entity0 is re-treated with this drug after a previous episode of @entity4 . The mechanism of this @entity1 is unknown, but it may be caused by the release of a suppressed auto-antibody to a native red cell antigen.

title: XXXX after @entity3 therapy for @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: A report of the clinical features, treatment, and outcome of @entity0 who developed @entity4 ( @entity4 ) temporally associated with @entity3 (Fludara; Berlex Laboratories, Richmond, CA) therapy for @entity2 ( @entity2 ). @entity0 AND METHODS: Data on 24 @entity0 who developed @entity4 related to @entity3 therapy were collected from the Spontaneous Reporting System of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Walter Reed Army Medical Center (Washington, DC). RESULTS: Seventeen (71%) @entity0 developed @entity4 after either the first, second, or third cycle of this drug. The longest duration of @entity3 therapy before @entity4 occurred was six cycles. The median decline in hematocrit from baseline during the hemolytic episode was 14.1 (range, 8.0 to 28.9) for the 18 @entity0 for whom this information was available. For the 11 @entity0 for whom transfusion requirements were known, the number of transfusions administered ranged between three and 36. Seven (29%) @entity0 died of medical complications associated with the @entity4 . Seven of eight @entity0 who were re-challenged with @entity3 after an episode of @entity4 developed recurrent @entity4 , and three of these @entity0 died. CONCLUSION: @entity4 associated with @entity3 therapy appears to be uncommon, but it can be severe and fatal, especially if a @entity0 is re-treated with this drug after a previous episode of @entity4 . The mechanism of this @entity1 is unknown, but it may be caused by the release of a suppressed auto-antibody to a native red cell antigen.

title: @entity4 after @entity3 therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Whether the postobstructive diuresis can in part be related to an altered regulation of Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide (DNP) was investigated. Male @entity0 were bilaterally obstructed of their ureters. Control group was with sham @entity2 . Forty-eight h later, tissue levels of DNP immunoreactivity were determined in the plasma, heart, and kidneys. Urine samples were collected in some @entity0 under anesthesia. The plasma DNP immunoreactivity was significantly increased by 45% in the experimental group. The tissue levels of DNP immunoreactivity in the atrium, ventricle, or kidneys did not significantly differ between the experimental and control groups. The urinary flow and @entity1 excretion rate were 3- to 4-fold increased in the experimental group. The urinary DNP excretion was also increased in the experimental group, which was positively correlated with the urinary volume and @entity1 excretion. The urinary excretion of @entity3 was 2- to 3-fold increased in the experimental group. These results indicate that an enhanced DNP activity may in part be causally related to the postobstructive diuresis.

title: Enhanced Dendroaspis natriuretic peptide immunoreactivity in experimental XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 rarely occur in the sphenoid bone. When they do occur in the base of the skull, surgical treatment is frequently difficult and therefore, the use of adjuvant therapy is important. However, there remains no optimal management regimen for @entity3 of the sphenoid bone. CASE DESCRIPTION: Two cases of a @entity3 involving the sphenoid bone that responded well to chemotherapy using @entity2 after a partial removal of the @entity1 are presented. In the first @entity0 , the @entity1 was partially removed via a transcranial subfrontal approach and a transnasal transsphenoidal approach. In the second @entity0 , the @entity1 was partially removed through a transcranial subfrontal approach. Both @entity1 demonstrated histologic features typical of @entity3 . The @entity0 subsequently received adjuvant chemotherapy using @entity2 alone in the first @entity0 , and chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy in the second @entity0 . Partial regression of the @entity1 was later confirmed on a computed tomography (CT) scan after chemotherapy. In both @entity0 , @entity1 have been stable for more than 12 years despite an incomplete @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Based on the above findings, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy using @entity2 may be effective for incompletely resected @entity3 of the sphenoid bone.

title: XXXX of the sphenoid bone: long-term follow-up of two cases after chemotherapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: To study the role of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) genes in the legumerhizobia symbiosis, we have characterized the four @entity2 Gaernt. @entity3 genes that are most highly expressed in roots. Three of these genes, MtLecRK7;1, MtLecRK7;2, and MtLecRK7;3, encode proteins most closely related to the Class A LecRKs of @entity0 , whereas the protein encoded by the fourth gene, MtLecRK1;1, is most similar to a Class B @entity0 @entity3 . All four genes show a strongly enhanced root expression, and detailed studies on MtLecRK1;1 and MtLecRK7;2 revealed that the levels of their mRNAs are increased by @entity1 starvation and transiently repressed after either rhizobial inoculation or addition of lipochitooligosaccharidic Nod factors. Studies of the MtLecRK1;1 and MtLecRK7;2 proteins, using green fluorescent protein fusions in transgenic @entity2 roots, revealed that they are located in the plasma membrane and that their central transmembrane-spanning helix is required for correct sorting. Moreover, their lectin-like domains appear to be highly glycosylated. Of the four proteins, only MtLecRK1;1 shows a high conservation of key residues implicated in monosaccharide binding, and molecular modeling revealed that this protein may be capable of interacting with Nod factors. However, no increase in Nod factor binding was found in roots overexpressing a fusion in which the kinase domain of this protein had been replaced with green fluorescent protein. Roots expressing this fusion protein however showed an increase in nodule number, suggesting that expression of MtLecRK1;1 influences nodulation. The potential role of LecRKs in the legume-rhizobia symbiosis is discussed.

title: Characterization of four lectin-like receptor kinases expressed in roots of XXXX . Structure, location, regulation of expression, and potential role in the symbiosis with Sinorhizobium meliloti.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Atopy may be a risk factor in the development of @entity1 . Indoor allergens are considered to be more potent @entity1 inducers than outdoor ones such as pollens. Lower @entity0 may be present in non-asthmatic subjects during natural exposure to relevant allergens and may eventually lead to the development of @entity1 . AIMS: To document seasonal variation in lower airway responsiveness and @entity0 in sensitized non-asthmatic subjects, during natural exposure to allergens, and to determine whether it is more marked in those exposed to animals to which they are sensitized. METHODS: Twenty-two atopic subjects were seen during and out of the pollen season. All (but the controls) were sensitized to domestic animals, and to trees, grasses or ragweed. Eleven were not exposed to animals at home and 8 were exposed. They were compared with 3 normal controls. A respiratory questionnaire was administered, @entity2 skin prick tests, spirometry, @entity4 challenge, blood and induced sputum with differential cell counts were obtained during the pollen season for all subjects. These tests were repeated out of the pollen season. RESULTS: Throughout the study, none of the subjects had @entity1 symptoms. Mean PC(20) was significantly lower in subjects exposed to animals compared with unexposed subjects or controls, both during and out of the pollen season. In season, subjects exposed to animals had significantly higher sputum eosinophil numbers than unexposed or normal control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Non-asthmatic atopic subjects show variable degrees of airway responsiveness and @entity0 . However, subjects exposed to animals show higher airway @entity3 , which may suggest they are at increased risk of developing airway hyperresponsiveness and @entity1 .

title: Influence of natural exposure to pollens and domestic animals on airway responsiveness and XXXX in sensitized non-asthmatic subjects.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The presence of telomerase activity has been analyzed in almost all @entity1 types and @entity1 -derived cell lines. However, there are very few studies that focus on the presence of telomerase activity in @entity5 , and most of them report analysis on very few samples or bone-derived cell lines. The objective of this study was to analyze the telomere length and telomerase activity in @entity1 and metastatic lesions from @entity3 and @entity4 @entity0 . The presence of telomerase activity was analyzed by the telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay, and the telomere length was measured by Southern blot. Results were related to survival and clinical outcome. Telomerase activity was detected in 85% of the @entity5 metastases (100% Ewing's @entity2 and 75% @entity3 ) but only in 12% of the @entity1 (11.1% @entity3 and 12.5% Ewing's @entity2 ). @entity5 tissues with telomerase activity had mean telomere lengths 3 kb shorter than those with no detectable telomerase activity (p = 0.041). The presence of telomerase activity was associated with survival (p = 0.009), and longer event-free survival periods were found in @entity0 who lacked telomerase activity compared with those who had detectable telomerase activity levels in their @entity1 tissues (p = 0.037). The presence of longer telomeres in primary pediatric @entity5 than in metastases could be indicative of alternative mechanisms of lengthening of telomeres for their telomere maintenance rather than telomerase activity. Nevertheless, the activation of telomerase seems to be a crucial step in the malignant progression and acquisition of invasive capability of @entity5 .

title: Telomerase activity and telomere length in primary and metastatic tumors from pediatric XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The presence of telomerase activity has been analyzed in almost all @entity1 types and @entity1 -derived cell lines. However, there are very few studies that focus on the presence of telomerase activity in @entity5 , and most of them report analysis on very few samples or bone-derived cell lines. The objective of this study was to analyze the telomere length and telomerase activity in @entity1 and metastatic lesions from @entity3 and @entity4 @entity0 . The presence of telomerase activity was analyzed by the telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay, and the telomere length was measured by Southern blot. Results were related to survival and clinical outcome. Telomerase activity was detected in 85% of the @entity5 metastases (100% Ewing's @entity2 and 75% @entity3 ) but only in 12% of the @entity1 (11.1% @entity3 and 12.5% Ewing's @entity2 ). @entity5 tissues with telomerase activity had mean telomere lengths 3 kb shorter than those with no detectable telomerase activity (p = 0.041). The presence of telomerase activity was associated with survival (p = 0.009), and longer event-free survival periods were found in @entity0 who lacked telomerase activity compared with those who had detectable telomerase activity levels in their @entity1 tissues (p = 0.037). The presence of longer telomeres in primary pediatric @entity5 than in metastases could be indicative of alternative mechanisms of lengthening of telomeres for their telomere maintenance rather than telomerase activity. Nevertheless, the activation of telomerase seems to be a crucial step in the malignant progression and acquisition of invasive capability of @entity5 .

title: Telomerase activity and telomere length in primary and metastatic tumors from pediatric @entity5 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Quantification of @entity3 is required for comprehensive assessment of neuroprotective drug efficacy. Although methods for quantification of neuronal perikaryal damage after @entity4 are well established, assessment of @entity1 has been limited. This article describes a new method for quantitation of @entity1 after @entity5 in @entity2 and its application to the study of the antioxidant ebselen. The methodology is based on immunohistochemical detection of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) accumulation in deformed, swollen axons in zones of @entity4 . Sixty-five axon-rich sites throughout the MCA territory are assessed for the presence (scored 1) or absence (scored 0) of accumulated @entity6 in @entity0 . Scores for individual sites are summated in predefined neuroanatomic regions (e.g. corpus callosum), stereotaxic levels, or for a total hemisphere @entity6 score. Both intra-rater and inter-rater reproducibility were high (r = 0.87 and 0.80, respectively). @entity7 (1 mg kg(-1) hr(-1), intravenously) significantly reduced the volume of neuronal perikaryal damage (24%, P < 0.01) and @entity1 (total @entity6 score reduced from 27 [23.9 to 35.1, 95% CI] to 21.5 [18.2 to 23.3], P = 0.002 with ebselen treatment). In conclusion, a robust and generally applicable method is described for assessing pathologic features in myelinated fiber tracts that is sensitive for detection of drug effects on @entity1 .

title: New method for the quantitative assessment of XXXX in focal cerebral ischemia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: To report the outcome of orbital implant removal and dermis fat graft (DFG) implantation in @entity0 with chronic @entity2 ( @entity2 ), in whom all detectable causes of @entity2 had been ruled out and medical management had failed. METHODS: Retrospective, multicentre case series. A review of all cases undergoing orbital implant replacement with DFG between 2007 and 2013 was conducted at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics (UIHC), USA, and St. Erik Eye Hospital, Sweden. Inclusion criteria included (1) chronic @entity2 >2   years and unresponsive to treatment, (2) absence of pathological or structural cause for @entity2 established by socket examination and orbital imaging, and (3) minimum 12-month post-surgical follow-up. RESULTS: Six cases with chronic @entity2 were identified, four were post-enucleation and two were eviscerated at an average age of 45   years. The incidence of chronic @entity2 among enucleations at UIHC over a 6-year period was 0.7%. Indications for enucleation and evisceration included @entity1 and @entity3 . Intractable @entity2 had been present for an average of 11   years and persisted despite medical management. All @entity0 were free of @entity2 within 3   months of implant removal and DFG placement and remained @entity2 free at an average 24   months following surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Orbital implant replacement with DFG was effective at relieving chronic @entity2 , and @entity2 resolution was sustained in all cases. This surgical intervention may be a useful management option for @entity0 in whom all detectable causes of @entity4 have been excluded and have failed medical @entity2 management.

title: XXXX treated by implant removal and dermis fat graft.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Progress in radiation science led to the development of two classes of biologically sound fractionation schedules for the treatment of @entity1 . These altered fractionation regimens are referred to as hyperfractionation and accelerated fractionation schedules. Hyperfractionation exploits the difference in fractionation sensitivity between @entity0 and tissues manifesting late morbidity and only minor variations exist among regimens tested. In contrast, accelerated fractionation attempts to reduce @entity0 proliferation as a major cause of radiotherapy failure. Although there are major permutations, the existing schedules can conceptually be grouped into two categories, namely pure accelerated fractionation and hybrid accelerated regimens, depending on whether there are concurrent changes in other fractionation parameters. The results of completed phase III clinical trials addressing different types of altered fractionation schedules in @entity1 are summarized and examined in this review paper. The data from trials on hyperfractionation regimens applying 10-15% total dose increment consistently revealed a 10-15% improvement in the local control rate of a subset of @entity0 without increasing the incidence of late complications. The available data on accelerated fractionation regimens already showed that @entity0 clonogen proliferation is a major cause of radiation failure. However, completed studies revealed that a 1-1.5 week treatment acceleration without total-dose reduction, achieved by administering 2 Gy fractions six times per week or concomitant boost schedule, yielded a 15% higher @entity0 control rate without increasing late @entity2 . Shortening the overall time to below 2 weeks with an associated total-dose reduction did not seem to improve the @entity0 control rate but might decrease some late normal-tissue injury. A weekly dose accumulation rate of > or =14 Gy or delivery of three fractions of 1.6 Gy per day, with a 6 h interval, without total-dose reduction was found to increase morbidity significantly. Further treatment refinements are being pursued based on these findings.

title: Altered fractionation in the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of multislice computed tomographic (MSCT) imaging, a recently developed computed tomographic technique, on imaging of @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case review. SETTING: The study was performed at a tertiary referral center. @entity0 : High-resolution temporal bone studies of 168 consecutive @entity0 were reviewed for various @entity1 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visualization of various @entity3 conditions of the temporal bone without the need for supplementary scan procedures or additional imaging techniques. INTERVENTION: MSCT imaging was performed on a scanner with four detector rows by using the following parameters: 120 kV, 50 mA/s, 0.5-mm slice thickness, 0.2-mm reconstruction increment, pitch factor of 0.75, and a field of view of 160 mm. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional image reconstructions were performed subsequent to data transfer to a workstation. In one @entity0 suspected of having a vascular @entity2 , high-resolution MSCT imaging was supplemented by multislice computed tomographic angiography. RESULTS Temporal @entity4 were encountered in 28 @entity0 (16.7%), affecting the external auditory canal (n = 15), the middle ear (n = 18), the inner ear (n = 5), and the vascular system (n = 3). All temporal @entity4 were visualized by two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of excellent detail resolution. In none of the @entity0 were supplementary computed tomographic scans necessary, except for one @entity0 with evidence of an aberrant course of the internal carotid artery. Multislice computed tomographic angiography obviated the need for invasive diagnostic procedures. CONCLUSION: MSCT imaging of the temporal bone allows for comprehensively assessing various @entity2 through high-quality two-dimensional and three-dimensional image reconstructions.

title: Multislice computed tomographic imaging in temporal XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is an uncommon @entity2 with a high propensity for recurrence. The purpose of this study was to analyze the efficacy of different treatment options in @entity0 with recurrent disease. METHODS: The records of all @entity0 with recurrent @entity4 treated at the study institution between 1976 and 1996 were reviewed. RESULTS: Thirty-four consecutive @entity0 were studied. The mainstay of treatment was brain surgery in 21 @entity0 (62%); the median time to recurrence from surgery was 12 months. Ten @entity0 (29%) had 20 recurrent central nervous system (CNS) lesions treated by stereotactic radiosurgery. Of these, 3 previously nonirradiated @entity0 (all with lesion size < 25 mm) achieved a complete response, which persisted at a median of 3 years. In 14 lesions (70%) a partial response (PR) occurred with a median duration of 12 months, whereas 3 lesions (15%) remained stable. Two @entity0 with inoperable CNS lesions received external beam radiation therapy and both had PRs lasting 14 and 24 months, respectively. Nine @entity0 (26%) received radiation therapy for @entity1 . Of these, seven @entity0 remained stable with good symptomatic relief, and two @entity0 experienced @entity2 progression. Chemotherapy with @entity3 -containing regimens was administered in 7 @entity0 (21%); there was only 1 PR that lasted 8 months. The median survival from first recurrence was 4.6 years. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical management is important for the successful treatment of @entity0 with recurrent @entity4 . Radiosurgery plays a definite role in the treatment of smaller recurrent CNS lesions. Radiation therapy is helpful in the management of inoperable @entity2 . More effective chemotherapeutic agents are needed.

title: Management of recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to present the latest findings on @entity3 and to put them into perspective. @entity3 is a relatively common form of @entity2 , caused by loss of function of the @entity4 gene on the long arm of the X chromosome. The molecular mechanisms underlying the syndrome are complex and continue to surprise researchers more than 12 years after the cloning of the gene. RECENT FINDINGS: We will specifically discuss the various aspects of the clinical phenotype, reassessed with the employment of functional imaging and electrophysiological techniques. The unexpected finding of a pathologic phenotype in premutation carriers is highlighted, as it represents a new and distinct condition with a different presentation in males and females. The third section deals briefly with the various functions of the @entity4 protein, an RNA-binding protein interacting with multiple RNA molecules as well as proteins. It is important to realize that @entity4 is probably changing partners several times, depending on its localization, on posttranslational modifications and on the available interacting proteins. In the following section, we present in short recent discoveries on the defective neuronal circuits in the @entity3 . Most of these new data were made available by the study of animal models, mostly the @entity4 knockout @entity0 , but also @entity1 . SUMMARY: We briefly discuss the alternative options for treating @entity3 . Presently, a neuropharmacological approach acting on either critical receptors or aimed at reactivating the silenced @entity4 gene appears promising.

title: Understanding the biological underpinnings of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a prophylactic gastrojejunostomy on the development of @entity7 and quality of life in @entity0 with unresectable @entity2 found during explorative laparotomy. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Several studies, including one randomized trial, propagate to perform a prophylactic gastrojejunostomy routinely in @entity0 with @entity2 found to be unresectable during laparotomy. Others suggest an @entity4 . Controversy still exists in general surgical practice if a double bypass should be performed routinely in these @entity0 . METHODS: Between December 1998 and March 2002, @entity0 with a @entity3 who were found to be unresectable during exploration were randomized to receive a double bypass (hepaticojejunostomy and a retrocolic gastrojejunostomy) or a single bypass (hepaticojejunostomy). Randomization was stratified for center and presence of @entity1 . @entity0 with @entity5 and @entity0 treated endoscopically for more than 3 months were excluded. Primary endpoints were development of clinical @entity7 and surgical intervention for @entity7 . Secondary endpoints were mortality, morbidity, hospital stay, survival, and quality of life, measured prospectively by the EORTC-C30 and Pan26 questionnaires. It was decided to perform an interim analysis after inclusion of 50% of the @entity0 (n = 70). RESULTS: Five of the 70 @entity0 randomized were lost to follow-up. From the remaining 65 @entity0 , 36 @entity0 underwent a double and 29 a single bypass. There were no differences in @entity0 demographics, preoperative symptoms, and surgical findings between the groups. Clinical symptoms of @entity7 were found in 2 of the 36 @entity0 (5.5%) with a double bypass, and in 12 of the 29 @entity0 (41.4%) with a single bypass (P = 0.001). In the double bypass group, one @entity0 (2.8%) and in the single bypass group 6 @entity0 (20.7%) required (re-)gastrojejunostomy during follow-up (P = 0.04). The absolute risk reduction for reoperation in the double bypass group was 18%, and the numbers needed to treat was 6. Postoperative morbidity rates, including delayed @entity6 , were 31% in the double versus 28% in the single bypass group (P = 0.12). Median postoperative length of stay was 11 days (range 4-76 days) in the double versus 9 days (range 6-20 days) in the single bypass group (P = 0.06); median survival was 7.2 months in the double versus 8.4 months in the single bypass group (P = 0.15). No differences were found in the quality of life between both groups. After surgery most quality of life scores deteriorated temporarily and were restored to their baseline score (t = -1) within 4 months. CONCLUSIONS: Prophylactic gastrojejunostomy significantly decreases the incidence of @entity7 without increasing complication rates. There were no differences in quality of life between the two groups. Together with the previous randomized trial from the Hopkins group, this study provides sufficient evidence to state that a double bypass consisting of a hepaticojejunostomy and a prophylactic gastrojejunostomy is preferable to a single bypass consisting of only a hepaticojejunostomy in @entity0 undergoing surgical palliation for unresectable @entity3 . Therefore, the trial was stopped earlier than planned.

title: The need for a prophylactic gastrojejunostomy for unresectable XXXX : a prospective randomized multicenter trial with special focus on assessment of quality of life.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study describes the experience of Kartal Research and Training @entity3 . We reviewed medical records of 698 @entity0 admitted to our hospital in a 30 days' period after the earthquake and analysed the types of @entity1 , treatment, morbidity and mortality rates. The hospitalized 273 @entity0 were grouped according to the @entity1 ; @entity0 with @entity5 were analysed separately. The most frequent @entity1 were @entity1 (23.1%), extremity @entity2 (16.8%) and pelvis and spine @entity1 (16.1%). More than two system @entity1 were seen most frequently in the @entity4 (45.5%), @entity1 (24.4%), and pelvis and @entity1 (27.3%) groups (p < 0.05). Overall mortality rate was 7.3%. The highest mortality rates were seen in the @entity4 (27.3%) and @entity1 (20%) groups (p < 0.05). 61.9% of the @entity0 with @entity5 underwent fasciotomy due to the compartment syndrome; hemodialysis was performed in 31 @entity0 . The most serious problem with earthquake is organization in the earthquake area, between hospitals and in hospitals. @entity1 is the @entity1 seen earthquakes. Early diagnosis and proper treatment should be done to improve survival.

title: [Evaluation of XXXX wounded in the 17 August 1999 Marmara earthquake].

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity5 after @entity4 repair is a failure of @entity2 sac exclusion with unknown long-term consequences. Elevated @entity2 sac pressures documented in these @entity0 have led us to aggressively treat @entity5 with percutaneous transluminal coil embolization (PTCE). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results and the mechanisms of failure of PTCE for @entity5 . METHODS: One hundred ninety-one @entity0 underwent endograft repair of @entity3 . Twenty-three of 28 @entity0 with persistent primary (>3 months) or secondary (new-onset) endoleak underwent angiography; 14 of these @entity0 had @entity5 . We reviewed our endovascular registry data, hospital charts, and radiologic studies of @entity0 with @entity5 and analyzed the results in those treated with PTCE of the inflow vessel. RESULTS: All 14 @entity0 with @entity5 were @entity0 , with a mean age of 76.7 years and a mean preoperative maximal @entity2 diameter of 5.7 +/- 1.0 cm. The @entity5 was primary in 12 @entity0 (86%) and secondary in two @entity0 (14%) and iliolumbar in 11 @entity0 (78%) and mesenteric in three @entity0 (21%). Although a dominant affluent collateral channel (inosculation) was apparent in eight @entity0 (57%), six @entity0 (43%) showed a network of collateral vessels (retiform @entity1 ). In six @entity0 (43%), angiography revealed a second or "outflow" vessel indicative of a complex endoleak. In four @entity0 with retiform iliolumbar @entity5 , PTCE was not attempted because of the retiform nature of the endoleak. The remaining 10 @entity0 underwent PTCE, with coil deployment in all 10 and apparent initial technical success in nine @entity0 . Follow-up computed tomographic scans revealed persistent @entity5 in six @entity0 (60%). Mechanisms of failure included persistent flow through the coils in the treated vessel in two @entity0 , development of a retiform @entity1 around the coiled vessel in three @entity0 , and development of a new @entity5 after successful occlusion of an iliolumbar endoleak in one @entity0 . Two @entity0 underwent repeat PTCE with successful @entity2 sac exclusion in one. @entity6 complicated one of the 12 PTCEs, and the resulting @entity7 was successfully treated with PTCE. Angiographic visualization of an outflow vessel (complex endoleak) was associated with PTCE failure (P =.008). CONCLUSION: PTCE of @entity5 has a high failure rate because of multiple anatomic mechanisms.

title: Mechanism of failure in the treatment of XXXX with percutaneous coil embolization.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The aim of this study was to verify the relationship between the radiographically measured width of the pericoronal space (PS) and the microscopic features of the follicle in order to contribute to the diagnosis of small dentigerous cysts and @entity1 . One hundred and thirty unerupted teeth (UT) and thirty-five partially erupted teeth (PET) were radiographed and extracted. The radiographic analysis consisted of measuring the width of the PS. The results of the radiographic analysis were compared with those of the histopathologic examination of the dental follicle. The width of the PS ranged from 0.1 to 5.6 mm. The most frequently observed lining of the follicles was a reduced enamel epithelium (REE) (68.4%) in UT and a @entity2 ( @entity2 ) (68.5%) in PET. @entity0 was present in 36.1% of the UT and in 82.8% of the PET. There was a statistically significant association between the presence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and PS enlargement for UT (p < 0.05). There was a tendency of association between @entity0 and PS enlargements in PET and, possibly, in UT, despite the absence of statistical significance. Surgically, we did not detect bone cavitation or luminal cystic contents in pericoronal spaces smaller than 5.6 mm. We suggest that the first radiographic diagnosis for a PS enlargement, in most of the routine clinical cases, should be of " @entity0 of the follicle". The hypothesis of "dentigerous cyst" or " @entity1 " is suggested as a second diagnosis. The final differential diagnosis between a small dentigerous or a @entity1 and a pericoronal follicle depends on clinical and/or surgical findings, such as the presence of bone cavitation and cystic content.

title: A contribution to the diagnosis of the small dentigerous cyst or the XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mode of presentation of superficial femoral @entity3 , their association with other @entity3 , and their operative treatment. METHOD: Records of @entity0 with superficial femoral @entity3 seen at our institution from 1990 to 2000 were reviewed retrospectively with attention to presenting symptoms, clinical examination, arteriographic findings, and operative management. RESULTS: Eleven of 13 @entity4 (85%) were in @entity0 . Nine (69%) were associated with aortic or @entity6 , and seven (54%) with femoral or popliteal @entity4 . Six @entity0 (46%) presented with distal @entity1 , four (31%) presented with a thigh mass, and three (23%) were discovered during investigation for other vascular problems. No @entity7 were seen. Eleven @entity0 underwent successful @entity4 resection and bypass grafting. Two @entity0 underwent amputation. There were no operative mortalities. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with superficial femoral @entity3 may present with distal @entity1 , with a pulsatile thigh mass, with @entity2 and @entity5 , or the @entity4 may be discovered during other investigations. The high incidence of complications suggests that resection and grafting should be performed electively, and the frequent association of aortoiliac or peripheral @entity4 mandates thorough investigation and follow-up.

title: Superficial femoral XXXX : an unusual entity?

answer: @entity3


abstract: The authors report their experience with 70 pediatric @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) due to @entity1 identified among 898 @entity0 with solid @entity1 . An @entity1 was the most frequent cause of @entity8 (71%); 54% of these were soft tissue @entity5 and @entity7 . Most @entity1 (70%) were outside the spinal cord, 9/12 being metastatic medulloblastomas. The @entity8 localized mainly to the dorsal and lumbosacral regions (42% each). @entity4 was the most common symptom (94%). MRI proved diagnostic in all cases in which it was used, while myelography was diagnostic in 85% of 26 @entity0 . CT scan demonstrated the lesion in 83% of the @entity0 . Laminectomy was provided for @entity0 with @entity6 of less than 96 h evolution; isolated recurrence of the main @entity1 ; a primary @entity9 ; progression of neurologic symptoms after chemotherapy/radiotherapy; chemotherapy and radiotherapy-resistant @entity1 (when known); resection of a @entity1 . Surgery was avoided when prognosis of @entity3 was poor or risks exceeded possible benefits. Twelve/twenty-one (57%) @entity0 with @entity6 were able to walk after laminectomy only, while 14% (2/14) improved after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Survival rates were 38% for the former and 36% for the latter. Overall survival was related to the original malignancy. All @entity0 (12) admitted without @entity6 and submitted to laminectomy were able to walk, and of these, 6 presented a primary @entity9 . The remaining had @entity1 that extended to the spinal canal. Almost 87% (20/23) of the @entity0 without @entity6 who submitted to medical treatment were able to walk, while only one progressed to @entity6 . @entity0 with @entity8 may entertain radio- and chemotherapy when harboring @entity1 responding to such therapies and present no evidence of @entity2 progression. The latter manifestation is a strong indication for laminectomy without delay.

title: XXXX : a review of 70 pediatric @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: The authors report their experience with 70 pediatric @entity0 with @entity8 ( @entity8 ) due to @entity1 identified among 898 @entity0 with solid @entity1 . An @entity1 was the most frequent cause of @entity8 (71%); 54% of these were soft tissue @entity5 and @entity7 . Most @entity1 (70%) were outside the spinal cord, 9/12 being metastatic medulloblastomas. The @entity8 localized mainly to the dorsal and lumbosacral regions (42% each). @entity4 was the most common symptom (94%). MRI proved diagnostic in all cases in which it was used, while myelography was diagnostic in 85% of 26 @entity0 . CT scan demonstrated the lesion in 83% of the @entity0 . Laminectomy was provided for @entity0 with @entity6 of less than 96 h evolution; isolated recurrence of the main @entity1 ; a primary @entity9 ; progression of neurologic symptoms after chemotherapy/radiotherapy; chemotherapy and radiotherapy-resistant @entity1 (when known); resection of a @entity1 . Surgery was avoided when prognosis of @entity3 was poor or risks exceeded possible benefits. Twelve/twenty-one (57%) @entity0 with @entity6 were able to walk after laminectomy only, while 14% (2/14) improved after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Survival rates were 38% for the former and 36% for the latter. Overall survival was related to the original malignancy. All @entity0 (12) admitted without @entity6 and submitted to laminectomy were able to walk, and of these, 6 presented a primary @entity9 . The remaining had @entity1 that extended to the spinal canal. Almost 87% (20/23) of the @entity0 without @entity6 who submitted to medical treatment were able to walk, while only one progressed to @entity6 . @entity0 with @entity8 may entertain radio- and chemotherapy when harboring @entity1 responding to such therapies and present no evidence of @entity2 progression. The latter manifestation is a strong indication for laminectomy without delay.

title: @entity8 : a review of 70 pediatric XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Although recent studies have reported that high-volume surgeons and hospitals have better outcomes for @entity2 resections, it remains unclear whether there are other factors that are more important than volume. This study aims to evaluate the importance of the volume variables relative to other factors in an attempt to target specific areas for improving outcomes. METHODS: Using nationwide data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Program, full-model logistic regression was performed on all @entity0 undergoing @entity2 resection. In hospital mortality was regressed against more than 30 different independent variables, including demographic factors (eg, age, gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status), burden of morbid and comorbid disease (prevalence and severity), and provider variables (eg, hospital size, location, teaching status, hospital and surgeon volume). A separate baseline probability analysis was then performed to compare the relative importance for all predictor variables. RESULTS: The sample size for this analysis was 22,408; 622 in-hospital deaths occurred (2.8%). Average age was 70 years old, 51% of @entity0 were male, and 60% had at least 1 comorbid disease. An operation was elective (64%), urgent (19%), or emergency (15%). The significant predictors for mortality (at P <.05) included age, gender, comorbid disease (ie, cardiovascular, pulmonary, liver), operation severity (ie, emergency, urgent), and volume (both hospital and surgeon). The baseline probability analysis shows that the mortality for a baseline case is 12/1000. If this baseline case goes to a high-volume hospital or surgeon, the mortality will decrease to 11/1000 and 10/1000, respectively. If a @entity0 with a baseline case of @entity2 also has coexistent @entity1 or requires an emergency operation, mortality increases to 44/1000 and 45/1000, respectively. Overall, the volume variables, although statistically significant, have a relatively smaller effect on outcome compared with other factors. CONCLUSIONS: Whereas other factors have a stronger association with outcome than volume, volume is the only acutely mutable variable. Although the regionalization controversy (ie, using only high-volume surgeons or hospitals) is not solved with our findings, this study elucidates and compares the relative importance of several different factors on outcome, which is essential when considering the conclusions and implications of this type of policy-relevant outcomes research.

title: Are high-volume surgeons and hospitals the most important predictors of in-hospital outcome for XXXX resection?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 sustaining major @entity2 are at risk of developing @entity6 . We have previously shown that resuscitated @entity3 primes for @entity4 in response to lippolysaccharide (LPS), in part by preventing upregulation of the counterinflammatory cytokine @entity5 . Because the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family is known to participate in LPS signaling, we hypothesized that altered upstream signaling through these kinases might contribute to impaired LPS-simulated @entity5 release after shock and resuscitation. METHODS: @entity1 were bled to a mean arterial pressure of 40 mm Hg and maintained for 1 hour, then resuscitated. Alveolar macrophages were retrieved at the end of resuscitation and exposed to LPS (0.5 microg/mL). Western blotting for @entity7 , extracellular-regulated protein kinase, and c-Jun @entity8 -terminal kinase was performed on whole cell lysates. In some studies, the alveolar macrophages were preincubated with the @entity7 inhibitor or the extracellular-regulated protein kinase inhibitor before LPS stimulation. @entity5 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: LPS caused an early activation in all members of the MAPK family, whereas antecedent shock both delayed and attenuated the LPS induction. To discern whether this reduction in LPS-stimulated MAPK activation after shock might contribute to reduced @entity5 , specific inhibitors were used. Inhibition of @entity7 MAPK completely inhibited LPS-induced @entity5 production, whereas blockade of extracellular-regulated protein kinase pathway had no effect. CONCLUSIONS: Shock resuscitation impairs LPS-induced activation of the members of the MAPK family. For the critical counterinflammatory cytokine @entity5 , inhibition of @entity7 activation appears to contribute to the reduced levels of this cytokine in response to LPS. This study provides in vitro evidence for altered signaling through @entity7 MAPK, as a mechanism leading to failed upregulation of a counterinflammatory cytokine, and thus the propagation of an unrestrained proinflammatory state. Restoration of normal signaling may represent an effective strategy to reverse this effect.

title: Impaired activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases after XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: We investigated the functional roles of putative active site residues in @entity0 CheA by generating nine site-directed mutants, purifying the mutant proteins, and quantifying the effects of those mutations on autokinase activity and binding affinity for @entity2 . We designed these mutations to alter key positions in sequence motifs conserved in the protein @entity4 kinase family, including the N box (H376 and N380), the G1 box (D420 and G422), the F box (F455 and F459), the G2 box (G470, G472, and G474), and the " @entity1 " (T499), a motif identified by comparison of CheA to members of the GHL family of ATPases. Four of the mutant CheA proteins exhibited no detectable autokinase activity (Kin(-)). Of these, three ( @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity7 ) exhibited moderate decreases in their affinities for @entity2 in the presence or absence of @entity3 . The other Kin(-) mutant ( @entity8 / @entity9 / @entity10 ) exhibited wild-type affinity for @entity2 in the absence of @entity3 , but reduced affinity (relative to that of wild-type CheA) in the presence of @entity3 . The other five mutants (Kin(+)) autophosphorylated at rates slower than that exhibited by wild-type CheA. Of these, three mutants ( @entity11 , @entity12 , and @entity13 / @entity14 ) exhibited severely reduced k(cat) values, but preserved K(M)( @entity2 ) and K(d)( @entity2 ) values close to those of wild-type CheA. Two mutants ( @entity15 and @entity16 ) exhibited only small effects on k(cat) and K(M)( @entity2 ). Overall, these results suggest that conserved residues in the N box, G1 box, G2 box, and F box contribute to the @entity2 binding site and autokinase active site in CheA, while the @entity1 makes little, if any, contribution. We discuss the effects of specific mutations in relation to the three-dimensional structure of CheA and to binding interactions that contribute to the stability of the complex between CheA and @entity3 -bound @entity2 in both the ground state and the transition state for the CheA autophosphorylation reaction.

title: Active site mutations in CheA, the signal-transducing protein kinase of the chemotaxis system in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 leads to altered cerebral function and neurological alterations in @entity0 with @entity2 . We studied the effects of @entity6 in @entity1 on the modulation by group I metabotropic @entity5 receptors (mGluR) of motor and neurochemical functions in vivo. Locomotion induced by injection of the mGluR agonist @entity9 into nucleus accumbens was increased in hyperammonemic @entity1 . In control @entity1 @entity9 increased extracellular @entity3 (ca. 400%) but not @entity5 . In contrast, in hyperammonemic @entity1 @entity9 increased extracellular @entity5 (ca. 600%), while @entity9 -induced @entity3 increase was reduced. Blocking @entity7 receptor with CPCCOEt prevented all @entity9 effects, indicating that this receptor mediates its locomotor and neurochemical effects. Hyperammonemic @entity1 showed increased (32%) mGluR1alpha, but not @entity8 content in nucleus accumbens. These results show that modulation of locomotor and neurochemical functions by mGluRs in nucleus accumbens is strongly altered in @entity6 . These alterations may contribute to the neurological alterations in @entity6 and @entity4 .

title: @entity6 alters motor and neurochemical responses to activation of group I metabotropic XXXX receptors in the nucleus accumbens in @entity1 in vivo.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity6 leads to altered cerebral function and neurological alterations in @entity0 with @entity2 . We studied the effects of @entity6 in @entity1 on the modulation by group I metabotropic @entity5 receptors (mGluR) of motor and neurochemical functions in vivo. Locomotion induced by injection of the mGluR agonist @entity9 into nucleus accumbens was increased in hyperammonemic @entity1 . In control @entity1 @entity9 increased extracellular @entity3 (ca. 400%) but not @entity5 . In contrast, in hyperammonemic @entity1 @entity9 increased extracellular @entity5 (ca. 600%), while @entity9 -induced @entity3 increase was reduced. Blocking @entity7 receptor with CPCCOEt prevented all @entity9 effects, indicating that this receptor mediates its locomotor and neurochemical effects. Hyperammonemic @entity1 showed increased (32%) mGluR1alpha, but not @entity8 content in nucleus accumbens. These results show that modulation of locomotor and neurochemical functions by mGluRs in nucleus accumbens is strongly altered in @entity6 . These alterations may contribute to the neurological alterations in @entity6 and @entity4 .

title: XXXX alters motor and neurochemical responses to activation of group I metabotropic @entity5 receptors in the nucleus accumbens in @entity1 in vivo.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity6 leads to altered cerebral function and neurological alterations in @entity0 with @entity2 . We studied the effects of @entity6 in @entity1 on the modulation by group I metabotropic @entity5 receptors (mGluR) of motor and neurochemical functions in vivo. Locomotion induced by injection of the mGluR agonist @entity9 into nucleus accumbens was increased in hyperammonemic @entity1 . In control @entity1 @entity9 increased extracellular @entity3 (ca. 400%) but not @entity5 . In contrast, in hyperammonemic @entity1 @entity9 increased extracellular @entity5 (ca. 600%), while @entity9 -induced @entity3 increase was reduced. Blocking @entity7 receptor with CPCCOEt prevented all @entity9 effects, indicating that this receptor mediates its locomotor and neurochemical effects. Hyperammonemic @entity1 showed increased (32%) mGluR1alpha, but not @entity8 content in nucleus accumbens. These results show that modulation of locomotor and neurochemical functions by mGluRs in nucleus accumbens is strongly altered in @entity6 . These alterations may contribute to the neurological alterations in @entity6 and @entity4 .

title: @entity6 alters motor and neurochemical responses to activation of group I metabotropic @entity5 receptors in the nucleus accumbens in XXXX in vivo.

answer: @entity1