abstract: OBJECTIVE: Recent neurosurgical literature reflects rapidly evolving, technically enhanced methods that promise to improve neurosurgical outcomes. We review our experience with computer image guidance, linear or sigmoid incisions after minimal shaving, and liquid wound dressing with @entity2 (Dermabond; Ethicon, Inc., Somerville, NJ) for @entity1 craniotomy or craniectomy in our attempt to optimize craniotomy or craniectomy for @entity1 . METHODS: After institutional review board approval, we retrospectively reviewed @entity0 who underwent craniotomy or craniectomy for @entity1 with or without the combination of techniques specified above. A prior cohort of @entity0 who underwent craniotomy or craniectomy with traditional techniques served as a retrospective basis of comparison. Analysis included in- and outpatient chart reviews, which included the operative notes, pathology reports, discharge summaries, outpatient office records, and intraoperative nursing records. Data were entered into a statistical spreadsheet for analysis and comparison. RESULTS: A total of 225 consecutive @entity0 underwent a combination of less invasive techniques from July 2000 through October 2001. These @entity0 were matched with 225 @entity0 in a standard neurosurgical cohort that included @entity0 who underwent operations from July 1994 through July 2000. Age, @entity1 type, radiation, reoperation rate, @entity1 location, and extent of resection were comparable for both groups. The overall wound complication rate was significantly lower in the minimally invasive group when compared with the control cohort of @entity0 (0.9% versus 6.2%; P = 0.0298), even for early follow-up (0.9% versus 3.5%; P = 0.0427). Pedicle flap design was a variable that was significantly associated with wound complication. CONCLUSION: Modern neurosurgical techniques are beneficial for @entity0 undergoing craniotomy or craniectomy for @entity1 and seem to be superior to standard techniques. Although the study is multifactorial and retrospective, this conclusion is further supported by the enhanced self-image @entity0 have during the postoperative period.

title: Concomitant use of computer image guidance, linear or sigmoid incisions after minimal shave, and liquid wound dressing with XXXX for @entity1 craniotomy or craniectomy: analysis of 225 consecutive surgical cases with antecedent historical control at one institution.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: To test whether the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is related to the extension of @entity3 (ATS) and predicts @entity2 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Hospital-based, retrospective observational (median follow up: 92 months) cohort study. In 1726 consecutive @entity0 undergoing angiography, coronary ATS and subsequent mortality were related to ESR and to classical risk factors. @entity0 (n=269) undergoing angiography for reasons different from @entity4 ( @entity4 ), served as control. ESR was progressively higher in the presence of 1, 2, or 3-vessel disease. Age-and sex-adjusted ESR was positively related to ATS both in univariate analysis (r=0.17, p<0.0001) and in a multivariate model including principal risk factors (partial r=0.11, p<0.0001). Similar associations were observed in the control group. Over the follow-up period, 170 @entity0 died of a cardiac cause. When male and female @entity0 in their upper ESR quartile (>18 and >23mm/h, respectively) were compared with the remainder of the cohort, their age-and gender-adjusted odds ratio for @entity2 was 1.72 (CI=1.25-2.38, p=0.0008). This result held true, in @entity0 , also when using a full set of risk factors in a Cox model. CONCLUSIONS: ESR is an independent correlate of coronary ATS and, in male @entity0 with probable @entity4 , a predictor of @entity1 .

title: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, @entity3 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: To test whether the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is related to the extension of @entity3 (ATS) and predicts @entity2 . METHODS AND RESULTS: Hospital-based, retrospective observational (median follow up: 92 months) cohort study. In 1726 consecutive @entity0 undergoing angiography, coronary ATS and subsequent mortality were related to ESR and to classical risk factors. @entity0 (n=269) undergoing angiography for reasons different from @entity4 ( @entity4 ), served as control. ESR was progressively higher in the presence of 1, 2, or 3-vessel disease. Age-and sex-adjusted ESR was positively related to ATS both in univariate analysis (r=0.17, p<0.0001) and in a multivariate model including principal risk factors (partial r=0.11, p<0.0001). Similar associations were observed in the control group. Over the follow-up period, 170 @entity0 died of a cardiac cause. When male and female @entity0 in their upper ESR quartile (>18 and >23mm/h, respectively) were compared with the remainder of the cohort, their age-and gender-adjusted odds ratio for @entity2 was 1.72 (CI=1.25-2.38, p=0.0008). This result held true, in @entity0 , also when using a full set of risk factors in a Cox model. CONCLUSIONS: ESR is an independent correlate of coronary ATS and, in male @entity0 with probable @entity4 , a predictor of @entity1 .

title: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, XXXX , and @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Esophageal function was prospectively studied in 50 consecutive insulin-requiring @entity1 @entity0 . The @entity0 were stratified in three groups: A) 18 without @entity8 ( @entity8 ); B) 20 with @entity8 but no @entity10 ; C) 12 with @entity8 and @entity10 . Twelve @entity0 (four B, eight C) had gastrointestinal symptoms including six with @entity6 . Radionuclide esophageal emptying was abnormal in 55, 70, and 83% of @entity0 in groups A, B, and C, respectively. Eleven of the 12 (92%) symptomatic and 23 of the 38 (60%) asymptomatic @entity1 @entity0 had abnormal emptying. Five of six @entity0 with @entity6 had abnormal emptying. Esophageal manometry was also performed in 15 @entity0 . Twelve @entity0 had abnormal manometry. These included nutcracker esophagus in two, @entity7 in one, and increased percentage of multipeaked and simultaneous contractions in nine. There were no significant correlations between radionuclide esophageal emptying, manometric changes and symptoms. @entity3 were more common in the presence of @entity10 . Delayed esophageal emptying was more profound in the presence of @entity8 , but abnormal esophageal emptying was present in @entity0 with @entity2 as commonly as @entity0 without. Furthermore, the presence of @entity1 , duration or control of diabetics, and fasting blood sugar did not influence the frequency of abnormal esophageal emptying. Our data indicate that @entity5 is common in male diabetics even in the absence of clinical @entity8 and @entity4 , suggesting that @entity1 can occur in the absence of significant @entity9 . Commonly observed abnormal esophageal manometry in diabetics is not necessarily accompanied by significant functional disturbances or symptoms.

title: Radionuclide esophageal emptying and manometric studies in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) have been shown to have distinct outcome profiles based on their @entity2 ) status. The purpose of this study was to assess HPV-related outcomes after transoral robotic surgery (TORS) with adjuvant therapy as indicated. METHODS: This study consisted of a retrospective review of 50 @entity0 with @entity1 within a prospective single-arm cohort study. Outcome measures included HPV status, margin status, relapse pattern, and survival. RESULTS: Thirty-seven @entity0 were HPV-positive (74.0%) with 34 @entity0 (91.9%) being serotype-16. Negative margins were achieved in 92.3% (HPV-negative) and 94.6% (HPV-positive). In the HPV-negative group, there were no local recurrences and 1 @entity0 had both regional and distant recurrence (7.7%). In the HPV-positive group, there were no local or regional recurrences and 2 @entity0 (5.4%) had distant recurrences. There were no statistically significant differences in survival between the 2 cohorts (overall survival, disease-specific survival, disease-free survival). CONCLUSION: TORS as a primary surgical modality, followed by adjuvant therapy as indicated, offers disease control in both HPV-negative and HPV-positive groups. We believe that multi-institutional studies are warranted to further evaluate this novel approach for @entity0 who are HPV negative and HPV positive.

title: Transoral robotic surgery and XXXX status: Oncologic results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Acute experiments were performed on open-chest male mongrel @entity0 that were anesthetized with thiopental @entity3 and respired. An average of 10 penetrations per side was used to explore the rostral-caudal organization of the nucleus ambiguus (NA) and the area ventrolateral to it. Atrial pacing was performed on some trials to clarify the occurrence of @entity1 . In addition, the vagi were sectioned in some animals to confirm the peripheral pathway of the observed effects. Finally, the twin-pulse technique was used to classify the neurons underlying the observed effects according to their refractory periods. Stimulation in the area of the NA and lateral to it produced @entity2 and @entity2 without altering blood pressure. Stimulation of either the left or right NA produced slowing of both @entity4 . However, slowing of the atrial rate was greatest with right NA stimulation, whereas slowing of the ventricular rate was predominant with left-side stimulation. The presence of @entity1 was evident from dropped QRS complexes with and without pacing. Vagotomy demonstrated that these effects were conducted by ipsilateral but not contralateral nerves. Measurement of the refractory periods showed that the neurons underlying both @entity5 were characteristic of B-fibers.

title: Differential effect of stimulation of nucleus ambiguus on XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the surgical outcomes and to identify prognostic factors influencing @entity1 recurrence and survival after curative resection of primary @entity2 as performed by one surgeon. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The medical records of @entity0 with primary @entity2 ( @entity3 or @entity3 -positive) who underwent curative resection by one surgeon between January 2001 and March 2009. The clinicopathological features, @entity1 recurrence, and recurrence-free survival were assessed. RESULTS: Twenty-two @entity0 (10 males and 12females) with a median age of 66 years (range, 39-98 yrs) were reviewed. According to the NIH risk criteria, high-risk, intermediate-risk and low-risk GISTs were found in 12 (54.5%), one (4.5%), and nine (41%) @entity0 , respectively. After a median follow-up of 42 months (range, 19-96 months), three @entity0 (13.6%) developed @entity1 recurrence, all of whom had high-risk GIST. No @entity0 died during this follow-up period The recurrence-free probability at 5 years was 88% (95% CI; 59%-97%). Univariable analysis showed that high mitotic count (> 5/50 HPF) was a significant predictor of @entity1 recurrence. CONCLUSION: Low and intermediate-risk @entity2 have an excellent prognosis after complete surgical resection alone, while high-risk group are associated with increased disease recurrence despite complete surgical resection. Adjuvant therapy should be advocated for @entity0 with high-risk gastric GISTs. High mitotic count is an important prognostic factor for recurrence after surgery.

title: Outcomes and prognostic factors of primary XXXX following complete surgical resection: a single surgeon experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is a retrospective study to determine the outcomes of the surgical correction in long-standing @entity5 with @entity2 fixation. METHODS: Medical charts of a group of @entity0 with @entity5 who had @entity2 fixation and underwent surgery for strabismus between January 1991 and December 2004 were reviewed. The mean follow-up time was 4.7 years. Binocularity was measured by the Worth 4-dot test and Titmus stereo test. Twenty-six @entity0 underwent surgery for strabismus. Twenty-one @entity0 aged 8 to 26 years with a minimum 3-year postoperative follow-up were included. Five @entity0 were excluded because they were lost to follow-up after surgery. RESULTS: Bimedial recession and resection of one lateral rectus muscle were performed in all @entity0 . Recession of the inferior oblique muscle with anteriorization was performed in @entity0 who had @entity1 . Orthotropia was attained in 14 @entity0 , whereas @entity5 was diagnosed in 5 @entity0 . Two @entity0 were diagnosed as having @entity4 . Two @entity0 required a second surgery for dissociated @entity3 . Overall, 9 of the 21 @entity0 had indications of binocular function and 12 remained the same in their stereoacuity. CONCLUSION: Surgical correction of long-standing @entity5 with @entity2 fixation in young adults may improve binocular function and allow long-term alignment stability.

title: Outcome of surgery in long-standing @entity5 with XXXX fixation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: This is a retrospective study to determine the outcomes of the surgical correction in long-standing @entity5 with @entity2 fixation. METHODS: Medical charts of a group of @entity0 with @entity5 who had @entity2 fixation and underwent surgery for strabismus between January 1991 and December 2004 were reviewed. The mean follow-up time was 4.7 years. Binocularity was measured by the Worth 4-dot test and Titmus stereo test. Twenty-six @entity0 underwent surgery for strabismus. Twenty-one @entity0 aged 8 to 26 years with a minimum 3-year postoperative follow-up were included. Five @entity0 were excluded because they were lost to follow-up after surgery. RESULTS: Bimedial recession and resection of one lateral rectus muscle were performed in all @entity0 . Recession of the inferior oblique muscle with anteriorization was performed in @entity0 who had @entity1 . Orthotropia was attained in 14 @entity0 , whereas @entity5 was diagnosed in 5 @entity0 . Two @entity0 were diagnosed as having @entity4 . Two @entity0 required a second surgery for dissociated @entity3 . Overall, 9 of the 21 @entity0 had indications of binocular function and 12 remained the same in their stereoacuity. CONCLUSION: Surgical correction of long-standing @entity5 with @entity2 fixation in young adults may improve binocular function and allow long-term alignment stability.

title: Outcome of surgery in long-standing XXXX with @entity2 fixation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Spontaneous apoptosis has been shown to predict @entity0 response to radiochemotherapy in @entity0 in vivo. It remains to be elucidated, however, which genetic profile determines whether a @entity0 is more or less prone to apoptosis. Recently, a novel member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein family, designated survivin, was identified. We investigated the impact of survivin expression on @entity0 cell apoptosis in three colorectal cell lines of different intrinsic radiosensitivities. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Survivin protein expression was measured by Western blot analysis, and survivin mRNA expression by quantitative TaqMan reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, both in untreated cell and after irradiation with 2 and 8 Gy. The expression profile was then correlated to spontaneous and radiation-induced apoptosis (Tunel-Assay, DAPI-staining) in three colorectal cell lines of low (SW 480), intermediate (HCT-15), and high radiosensitivity (SW 48), as determined by the colony-forming assay. RESULTS: In vitro analysis revealed higher spontaneous and higher radiation-induced apoptosis rates in the radiosensitive line (SW 48), as compared with the more resistant line (SW 480). In Western blot analysis and in TaqMan analysis, SW 480 was characterized by a higher spontaneous expression and a pronounced induction of survivin 48 h after irradiation, whereas survivin expression was low when untreated and not increased after irradiation in the most radiosensitive line SW 48. HCT-15 was intermediate, both with respect to the level of survivin mRNA and protein expression. CONCLUSION: The inverse correlation of survivin-expression with spontaneous and radiation-induced apoptosis suggests that survivin is an important inhibitor of apoptosis in @entity1 cell lines. Analysis of survivin mRNA or protein expression may therefore provide predictive information on radio- and chemoresistance of individual @entity1 .

title: Spontaneous and radiation-induced apoptosis in XXXX cells with different intrinsic radiosensitivities: survivin as a radioresistance factor.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Nodal metastasis is the single most important prognostic factor in early @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Lymphatic mapping can identify sentinel nodes for focused histopathologic examination and thereby improve the nodal staging of @entity3 ; however, the optimal technique for identifying sentinel nodes in @entity3 is unclear. We hypothesized that a combination of radiotracer and blue dye would more accurately identify @entity2 -positive sentinel nodes than blue dye alone. Lymphatic mapping was performed in 48 consecutive @entity0 undergoing resection for @entity3 and in two original @entity0 who underwent sentinel node mapping in 1996. Prior to resection, 1% vital blue dye and radiotracer were injected around the @entity2 in the subserosal layer. Nodes were designated as sentinel by blue coloration and/or radioactivity. Lymphatic mapping identified at least one sentinel node in 49 @entity0 . Focused examination of multiple sentinel node sections by means of @entity4 and @entity5 and immunohistochemical analysis showed that sentinel nodes accurately predicted the status of the nodal basin in 93.8% (46 of 49) of @entity0 . Of the 19 @entity0 with nodal @entity1 , 11 had macrometastases (>.2 mm), three had micrometastases (between 2 mm and 0.2 mm), and five had @entity2 cells or clusters (<.2 mm) identified by immunohistochemical analysis only. @entity0 had significantly fewer blue/radioactive ("hot") nodes than blue-only nodes (1.38 vs. 2.48 per @entity0 ; P = 0.0001). It is important to note that nodal @entity1 were more common in blue/hot nodes than in blue-only nodes (27.3% [19 of 68] vs. 8.8% [11 of 124]; P = 0.005). Dual-agent lymphatic mapping more accurately identifies sentinel node @entity1 than blue dye alone. In addition, this technique allows a more focused histopathologic examination of these nodes, in conjunction with the revised American Joint Committee on Cancer guidelines, and thereby offers the potential for significant upstaging of @entity3 .

title: Combination probe and dye-directed lymphatic mapping detects micrometastases in early XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effects of 1.0 and 1.5 minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC) of @entity3 on mean systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, @entity1 volume, cardiac output, total body @entity0 consumption, myocardial @entity0 consumption, and regional distribution of blood flow were studied in newborn @entity2 . Fractional extraction of @entity0 for the total body and for the myocardium were calculated. MAC for @entity3 was first determined in eight @entity2 less than 10 days old. The mean value obtained was 1.51%. Six different @entity2 were used for cardiovascular study. Heart rate, @entity1 volume, cardiac output, and mean systemic arterial pressure decreased significantly during @entity3 anesthesia. Mean systemic arterial pressure and cardiac output decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Heart rate decreased significantly at 1.0 MAC @entity3 , but no further at 1.5 MAC. @entity1 volume decreased only at 1.5 MAC. Cardiac output and total body @entity0 consumption decreased by similar amounts at 1.0 MAC. Although cardiac output fell further at 1.5 MAC, @entity0 consumption did not. Fractional extraction of @entity0 increased only at 1.5 MAC. Myocardial blood flow and @entity0 consumption decreased in parallel at 1.0 MAC, with no significant change during 1.5 MAC. Myocardial fractional @entity0 extraction did not change. Although blood flow to all six body regions decreased significantly from control at both concentrations of @entity3 , blood flow to all organs except the adrenal did not differ significantly during 1.0 and 1.5 MAC. The authors conclude that a decrease in @entity0 requirement during @entity3 anesthesia results in an appropriate decrease in @entity0 delivery, with no apparent diversion of cardiac output from non-vital to vital organs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The cardiovascular effects of XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effects of 1.0 and 1.5 minimum alveolar concentrations (MAC) of @entity3 on mean systemic arterial pressure, heart rate, @entity1 volume, cardiac output, total body @entity0 consumption, myocardial @entity0 consumption, and regional distribution of blood flow were studied in newborn @entity2 . Fractional extraction of @entity0 for the total body and for the myocardium were calculated. MAC for @entity3 was first determined in eight @entity2 less than 10 days old. The mean value obtained was 1.51%. Six different @entity2 were used for cardiovascular study. Heart rate, @entity1 volume, cardiac output, and mean systemic arterial pressure decreased significantly during @entity3 anesthesia. Mean systemic arterial pressure and cardiac output decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Heart rate decreased significantly at 1.0 MAC @entity3 , but no further at 1.5 MAC. @entity1 volume decreased only at 1.5 MAC. Cardiac output and total body @entity0 consumption decreased by similar amounts at 1.0 MAC. Although cardiac output fell further at 1.5 MAC, @entity0 consumption did not. Fractional extraction of @entity0 increased only at 1.5 MAC. Myocardial blood flow and @entity0 consumption decreased in parallel at 1.0 MAC, with no significant change during 1.5 MAC. Myocardial fractional @entity0 extraction did not change. Although blood flow to all six body regions decreased significantly from control at both concentrations of @entity3 , blood flow to all organs except the adrenal did not differ significantly during 1.0 and 1.5 MAC. The authors conclude that a decrease in @entity0 requirement during @entity3 anesthesia results in an appropriate decrease in @entity0 delivery, with no apparent diversion of cardiac output from non-vital to vital organs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The cardiovascular effects of @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 is the causative agent of an emerging @entity3 in the United States and Europe. The organism causes a @entity1 accompanied by other nonspecific symptoms and can be fatal, especially if treatment is delayed. Persistence of A. phagocytophilum within @entity0 reservoir hosts is important for ensuring continued disease transmission. In the related organism @entity5 , persistence is associated with antigenic variation of the immunoprotective outer membrane protein MSP2. Extensive diversity of MSP2 is achieved by combinatorial gene conversion of a genomic expression site by truncated pseudogenes. The major outer membrane protein of A. phagocytophilum, MSP2( @entity4 ), is homologous to MSP2 of A. marginale, has a similar organization of conserved and variable regions, and is also encoded by a multigene family containing some truncated gene copies. This suggests that the two organisms could use similar mechanisms to generate diversity in outer membrane proteins from their small genomes. We define here a genomic expression site for MSP2( @entity4 ) in A. phagocytophilum. As in A. marginale, the msp2( @entity4 ) gene in this expression site is polymorphic in all populations of organisms we have examined, whether organisms are obtained from in vitro culture in @entity0 HL-60 cells, from culture in the tick cell line ISE6, or from infected @entity0 blood. Changes in culture conditions were found to favor the growth and predominance of certain msp2( @entity4 ) variants. Insertions, deletions, and substitutions in the region of the genomic expression site encoding the central hypervariable region matched sequence polymorphisms in msp2( @entity4 ) mRNA. These data suggest that, similarly to A. marginale, A. phagocytophilum uses combinatorial mechanisms to generate a large array of outer membrane protein variants. Such gene polymorphism has profound implications for the design of vaccines, diagnostic tests, and therapy.

title: Expression of multiple outer membrane protein sequence variants from a single genomic locus of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Because of @entity2 and @entity3 reported with use of the total artificial heart, the descending aorta was reexamined as a site for a valveless counterpulsation left ventricular assist pump. The pump was introduced into the thoracic aorta at the level of the eight thoracic vertebra in 11 @entity1 right-heart bypass preparations. Heart rate (110 beats per minute), @entity0 volume (20 ml), and mean arterial pressure (80 or 100 mm Hg) were precisely controlled. The pump ejection volume was adjusted to equal 1 time or 2 times the @entity0 volume of the @entity1 . A 20-ml ejection led to an 11% reduction in left atrial pressure, an 11% reduction in peak left ventricular pressure, and a 20% reduction in tension time index (all, p less than .05 at a mean arterial pressure of 80 mm Hg). Systolic shortening (ultrasonic crystals) increased by 5% (p less than .05 at a mean arterial pressure of 80 mm Hg). A 40-ml pump ejection led to an 11% reduction in mean left atrial pressure, a 17% reduction in peak left ventricular pressure, and a 21% reduction in tension time index (all, p less than .05 at a mean arterial pressure of 80 mm Hg). The systolic shortening increased by 15% (p less than .05). To assess the relative risk of @entity3 , albumin spheres (40 to 60 micrograms) labeled with @entity4 were injected into the pump chamber in 5 @entity1 (40-ml ejection, 2.1 +/- 0.1 times the @entity1 's @entity0 volume).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: A valveless counterpulsation left ventricular assist pump in the descending aorta: hemodynamic benefit with a reduced risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To devise a staging scheme for addressing the severity of @entity1 in @entity0 with pathologically proven @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and determine any relationship with clinical indices. METHODS: Twenty-four cases with clinical and pathologic features of @entity4 were selected using standard inclusion and exclusion criteria from 125 @entity3 cases collected in Sydney, Australia, over an 8.5-year period. Patterns of gross @entity1 were determined in two coronal brain slices. Reproducibility of a four-stage severity scheme was tested. Nonparametric statistics were used to determine relationships between the stage of @entity1 and clinical indices (age at @entity2 , duration from diagnosis, and clinical severity at @entity2 ). RESULTS: The @entity4 cases studied could be reliably grouped (kappa = 0.97) into four progressively severe stages of global @entity1 . Initial mild @entity1 occurred in the orbital and superior medial frontal cortices and hippocampus (stage 1), progressed to involve the other anterior frontal regions, temporal cortices, and basal ganglia (stage 2), then involved all remaining tissue in these coronal slices (stage 3), until very marked @entity1 was observed in all areas (stage 4). These stages correlated with disease duration and clinical @entity3 severity, lending validity to the progressive nature of the staging scheme. CONCLUSIONS: The authors have identified a reproducible staging system for the severity of gross @entity1 in cases of @entity4 . This staging scheme provides the required framework to compare different research indices and determine correlates relating to time and disease progression in @entity4 -information necessary to determine core disease processes and etiologic factors.

title: Staging disease severity in pathologically confirmed cases of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Measurement of @entity0 kallikrein 2 ( @entity3 ) has improved early detection and staging of @entity1 . However, reported concentrations of @entity3 among currently used assays have not been standardized in any way. We compared two @entity3 assays and five different recombinant @entity3 variants (rhK2) and suggest a common calibrator as an important step and putative reference substance in @entity3 assay standardization. METHODS: We measured 146 sera by two @entity3 assays, using assay-specific calibrators to assess the difference between the two assays. Serial dilutions of five rhK2 preparations were measured repeatedly, with one preparation assigned as calibrator and the others as unknowns to define which variant provided the closest match between the two assays. This rhK2 variant was used to recalibrate both assays. We measured @entity3 concentrations in the same 146 @entity0 to evaluate the change in the difference. RESULTS: Use of assay-specific calibrators for comparison of the two assays yielded a Deming regression equation of: y = 0.789 (95% confidence interval, 0.674-0.922)x + 0.014 (0.004-0.025) micro g/L; R(2) = 0.667. Analysis of five rhK2 variants revealed that the enterokinase (ek)-rhK2 form provided the best match between both assays. Using the ek-rhK2 as a common calibrator, we observed a change in the slope of the regression curve to: y = 1.106 (0.872-1.340)x + 0.006 (-0.002 to 0.016) micro g/L; R(2) = 0.648, suggesting an increase in the mean estimate of agreement between the two assays. CONCLUSION: Calibration with a common calibrator substantially increased agreement between the assays. The ek-rhK2 variant provided the best performance of all tested rhK2 variants and should undergo mass spectrometry and @entity2 analysis for exact mass determination and value assignment to evaluate its potential as a reference material for immunoassays for @entity3 .

title: Standardization of two immunoassays for XXXX glandular kallikrein 2.

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: Metastatic and locally advanced disease is unfortunately a common clinical occurrence in @entity0 affected by @entity4 . The most frequent sites of @entity1 are the liver and the peritoneal lining. The falciform and round ligaments are routinely resected and sent for pathology, but no @entity1 have ever been reported. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we assess whether the falciform and round ligaments are possible sites for @entity1 and if routine pathology examination of these structures is justified. DESIGN: Retrospective, single institution study. @entity0 : The charts of all @entity0 who underwent pancreatic resection from June 2005 through January 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. Data on age, gender, type of operation performed, preoperative CA 19-9 levels, vascular and perineural invasion, @entity2 differentiation and pathological staging were retrieved from the hospital electronic data base. Only @entity0 with @entity3 were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence of pancreatic @entity1 in the falciform and round ligaments. RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity0 were included in the study. Forty @entity0 had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomies, 10 subtotal pancreatectomies, 2 total pancreatectomies, and 1 distal pancreatectomy. Four @entity0 had exploratory laparotomy but exploration revealed @entity2 , thus the planned resection was not carried out. The falciform and round ligaments were all negative for @entity1 in all @entity0 . DISCUSSION: Metastatic progression of @entity4 is poorly understood. Theoretically, @entity1 to the falciform and round ligaments could occur by either contiguous, hematogenic or lymphatic spread. In our study, none of the @entity0 had @entity1 to the falciform and round ligaments, regardless of the pathological staging. CONCLUSION: We concluded that routine pathological examination of the falciform and round ligaments is not justified if the surgeon elects to remove the structures for ease of exploration and retraction during surgery. This may lighten the workload and reduce costs in a busy pathology laboratory.

title: Exposure during pancreatic surgery. Do we have to examine the falciform and round ligaments for XXXX @entity1 ?

answer: @entity4


abstract: CONTEXT: Metastatic and locally advanced disease is unfortunately a common clinical occurrence in @entity0 affected by @entity4 . The most frequent sites of @entity1 are the liver and the peritoneal lining. The falciform and round ligaments are routinely resected and sent for pathology, but no @entity1 have ever been reported. OBJECTIVE: In this study, we assess whether the falciform and round ligaments are possible sites for @entity1 and if routine pathology examination of these structures is justified. DESIGN: Retrospective, single institution study. @entity0 : The charts of all @entity0 who underwent pancreatic resection from June 2005 through January 2011 were reviewed retrospectively. Data on age, gender, type of operation performed, preoperative CA 19-9 levels, vascular and perineural invasion, @entity2 differentiation and pathological staging were retrieved from the hospital electronic data base. Only @entity0 with @entity3 were included in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Presence of pancreatic @entity1 in the falciform and round ligaments. RESULTS: Fifty-seven @entity0 were included in the study. Forty @entity0 had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomies, 10 subtotal pancreatectomies, 2 total pancreatectomies, and 1 distal pancreatectomy. Four @entity0 had exploratory laparotomy but exploration revealed @entity2 , thus the planned resection was not carried out. The falciform and round ligaments were all negative for @entity1 in all @entity0 . DISCUSSION: Metastatic progression of @entity4 is poorly understood. Theoretically, @entity1 to the falciform and round ligaments could occur by either contiguous, hematogenic or lymphatic spread. In our study, none of the @entity0 had @entity1 to the falciform and round ligaments, regardless of the pathological staging. CONCLUSION: We concluded that routine pathological examination of the falciform and round ligaments is not justified if the surgeon elects to remove the structures for ease of exploration and retraction during surgery. This may lighten the workload and reduce costs in a busy pathology laboratory.

title: Exposure during pancreatic surgery. Do we have to examine the falciform and round ligaments for @entity4 XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: The objective of this study was to quantify the relative expression of @entity4 , inhibin/activin beta(A), beta(B), @entity5 and beta-glycan genes in placental tissue of term pre-eclamptic @entity0 and controls to investigate if these genes are up-regulated in the placenta in @entity1 . Seven @entity0 with @entity3 were matched with 10 normal pregnant controls for gestational age, maternal age, and parity. Total RNA was isolated from each sample. Complementary DNA samples produced by reverse transcription were used in the real time PCR to quantify the expression of @entity5 subunits, follistatin, ACTRIA, @entity7 , ACTRIIA, @entity6 , beta-glycan and @entity2 genes. The ratio between the target and @entity2 expression was calculated to provide relative gene expression. @entity4 : @entity2 and inhibin/activin beta(A): @entity2 ratios were significantly higher in placental tissue from @entity0 with @entity1 (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01 respectively) compared with matched control placental gene expression. Placental samples from both groups expressed beta(B), @entity5 and beta-glycan genes. However, there was no significant difference in the relative expression of these genes between the groups. Increases in the placental expression of @entity4 and inhibin/activin beta(A) subunit genes could contribute to the rise in circulating levels of @entity4 and activin A in @entity1 . The mechanism(s) involved in increased gene expression in @entity1 is as yet unclear.

title: Inhibin, activin, follistatin, activin receptors and beta-glycan gene expression in the placental tissue of @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The objective of this study was to quantify the relative expression of @entity4 , inhibin/activin beta(A), beta(B), @entity5 and beta-glycan genes in placental tissue of term pre-eclamptic @entity0 and controls to investigate if these genes are up-regulated in the placenta in @entity1 . Seven @entity0 with @entity3 were matched with 10 normal pregnant controls for gestational age, maternal age, and parity. Total RNA was isolated from each sample. Complementary DNA samples produced by reverse transcription were used in the real time PCR to quantify the expression of @entity5 subunits, follistatin, ACTRIA, @entity7 , ACTRIIA, @entity6 , beta-glycan and @entity2 genes. The ratio between the target and @entity2 expression was calculated to provide relative gene expression. @entity4 : @entity2 and inhibin/activin beta(A): @entity2 ratios were significantly higher in placental tissue from @entity0 with @entity1 (P = 0.04 and P = 0.01 respectively) compared with matched control placental gene expression. Placental samples from both groups expressed beta(B), @entity5 and beta-glycan genes. However, there was no significant difference in the relative expression of these genes between the groups. Increases in the placental expression of @entity4 and inhibin/activin beta(A) subunit genes could contribute to the rise in circulating levels of @entity4 and activin A in @entity1 . The mechanism(s) involved in increased gene expression in @entity1 is as yet unclear.

title: Inhibin, activin, follistatin, activin receptors and beta-glycan gene expression in the placental tissue of XXXX with @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: In @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) R0 resection significantly improves overall survival (OS). METHODS: In this report, we present the results of a phase II trial of FOLFOX6+bevacizumab in @entity0 with non-optimally resectable @entity1 . @entity0 received six cycles of FOLFOX6+ five of bevacizumab. @entity0 not achieving resectability received six additional cycles of each. A PET-CT was performed at baseline and again within 1 month after initiating treatment. RESULTS: From September 2005 to July 2009, 21 @entity0 were enrolled (Male/Female: 15/6; median age: 65 years). An objective response (OR) was documented in 12 cases (57.1%; complete responses (CRs): 3, partial response (PR): 9); one @entity0 died from @entity2 before surgery. Thirteen @entity0 underwent radical surgery (61.9%). Three (23%) had a pathological CR (pCR). Six @entity0 (46.1%) experienced minor postsurgical complications. After a median 38.8-month follow-up, the median OS was 22.5 months. @entity0 achieving at least 1 unit reduction in Standard uptake value (SUV)max on PET-CT had longer progression-free survival (PFS) (median PFS: 22 vs 14 months, P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: FOLFOX6+bevacizumab does not increase postsurgical complications, yields high rates of resectability and pCR. Early changes in PET-CT seem to be predictive of longer PFS.

title: FOLFOX6 and bevacizumab in non-optimally resectable liver metastases from XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. In Switzerland, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is one of the ten most common causes of hospitalization in @entity0 older than 65 and the second most common in those over 80 years. 17% of the population in Switzerland is in this age class. The expenditures associated with @entity3 are thus considerable. High doses of the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) inhibitor @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity3 have been shown to significantly reduce the risk of @entity2 or hospitalization for @entity3 and for any reason. The objective of the present study was to analyze the economic implications of using high doses of @entity5 in the Swiss health care system setting, both from the societal perspective and from that of the Swiss health insurers. @entity0 AND METHODS: Using published data from the ATLAS Trial, we computed the monthly probability of @entity2 and of hospital admission for @entity3 , @entity1 events, other cardiovascular causes and any reason per @entity0 for both arms of the trial. Swiss resource use patterns and Swiss unit costs were used to calculate expected monthly expenditures per @entity0 from the third party payer perspective and from the societal viewpoint. Extensive sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of our results. RESULTS: Expected monthly expenditures from the third party payer perspective are 347 @entity6 per @entity0 in the low dose group and 319 @entity6 in the high dose group. This represents expected savings of 28 @entity6 per @entity0 monthly. Because the public sector pays more than 50% of hospital costs, the savings from the societal viewpoint are greater. Expected monthly costs from the societal perspective are 762 @entity6 in the low dose group and 670 @entity6 in the high dose group per @entity0 . This results in expected monthly savings of 92 @entity6 . Sensitivity analysis shows that the use of high doses of @entity4 inhibitor @entity5 does not result in higher health care expenditures for the whole system or even savings through a wide variety of practice patterns and unit costs. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of the ATLAS study, high doses of @entity5 are associated with a reduction in the number of hospitalizations for @entity3 and for any reason and with a statistically non-significant reduction in mortality. The additional expenditures incurred because of prescription of high doses are offset by the savings in hospital costs. These are important considerations, given the increasing number of @entity0 aged 65 and older in Switzerland, and the prevalence of @entity3 in this age group.

title: High dose @entity5 in XXXX : economic considerations.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES. In Switzerland, @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is one of the ten most common causes of hospitalization in @entity0 older than 65 and the second most common in those over 80 years. 17% of the population in Switzerland is in this age class. The expenditures associated with @entity3 are thus considerable. High doses of the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) inhibitor @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity3 have been shown to significantly reduce the risk of @entity2 or hospitalization for @entity3 and for any reason. The objective of the present study was to analyze the economic implications of using high doses of @entity5 in the Swiss health care system setting, both from the societal perspective and from that of the Swiss health insurers. @entity0 AND METHODS: Using published data from the ATLAS Trial, we computed the monthly probability of @entity2 and of hospital admission for @entity3 , @entity1 events, other cardiovascular causes and any reason per @entity0 for both arms of the trial. Swiss resource use patterns and Swiss unit costs were used to calculate expected monthly expenditures per @entity0 from the third party payer perspective and from the societal viewpoint. Extensive sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of our results. RESULTS: Expected monthly expenditures from the third party payer perspective are 347 @entity6 per @entity0 in the low dose group and 319 @entity6 in the high dose group. This represents expected savings of 28 @entity6 per @entity0 monthly. Because the public sector pays more than 50% of hospital costs, the savings from the societal viewpoint are greater. Expected monthly costs from the societal perspective are 762 @entity6 in the low dose group and 670 @entity6 in the high dose group per @entity0 . This results in expected monthly savings of 92 @entity6 . Sensitivity analysis shows that the use of high doses of @entity4 inhibitor @entity5 does not result in higher health care expenditures for the whole system or even savings through a wide variety of practice patterns and unit costs. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of the ATLAS study, high doses of @entity5 are associated with a reduction in the number of hospitalizations for @entity3 and for any reason and with a statistically non-significant reduction in mortality. The additional expenditures incurred because of prescription of high doses are offset by the savings in hospital costs. These are important considerations, given the increasing number of @entity0 aged 65 and older in Switzerland, and the prevalence of @entity3 in this age group.

title: High dose XXXX in @entity3 : economic considerations.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prescription pattern for cardiovascular drugs among @entity0 discharged after an @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in hospitals that had participated in a corresponding study seven years earlier, and examine what the indications were for use of the different drugs. METHODS: From 16 hospitals we drew a sample of @entity0 who were discharged with a diagnosis of @entity3 during a three months period in 1999/2000. Physicians in each hospital obtained from the medical records the observed rate of use of cardiovascular drugs at discharge. The drug use was compared with findings from a corresponding sample drawn in 1993. The main indication for use of the different cardiovascular drugs was recorded for the 1999/2000 sample. RESULTS: 399 @entity0 discharged alive were included in the first study and 767 in the second. The use of beta-blockers, @entity4 inhibitors and statins rose substantially during the period. For @entity0 aged </=70 drug use in respectively 1993 and 1999/2000 was as follows: beta-blockers 73% vs 89%, @entity4 inhibitors 14% vs 29%, statins not recorded vs 82%; corresponding figures for @entity0 aged >70 were: beta-blockers 45% vs 74%, @entity4 inhibitors 19% vs 38%, statins not recorded vs 35%. @entity1 /anticoagulant use was largely unchanged; 93% and 70% of @entity0 aged </=70 and >70 respectively used these drugs at the second survey. The use of regular @entity5 and @entity2 antagonists had decreased. Nearly half of the >70 group and one-fifth of @entity0 </=70 used 5-9 cardiovascular drugs. CONCLUSIONS: At the end of the 1990s a substantial shift in drug therapy after @entity3 occurred, with a markedly increased use of drugs proven to be effective in clinical trials and less use of other cardiovascular drugs. The most frequently reported main indication for use of drugs was secondary prevention. The principles of evidence-based drug therapy became increasingly adopted among clinicians during the 1990s.

title: Use of cardiovascular drugs after XXXX : a marked shift towards evidence-based drug therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is a treatment for @entity6 , and was developed to overcome the distinct insufficiency of cadaveric donors. Case 1 is a 56-year-old @entity0 who had undergone maintenance hemodialysis therapy for 4 years. An LDLT was performed for the treatment of advanced liver @entity1 and @entity2 . @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was performed from the 2nd to 5th days after the operation. Case 2 is a 55-year-old @entity0 with @entity7 and @entity3 . An LDLT was performed for the treatment of severe @entity5 caused by a large liver volume. Although @entity4 was started at the 3rd day after the operation, it was discontinued within 24 hours because of an increased urinary volume. @entity4 was required again from the 6th-8th days, after which the blood purification mode was switched to regular intermittent hemodialysis. Meanwhile, no major problems occurred in either case. In conclusion, @entity4 was required for about 5 days from the 2nd day after the operation. The application of careful and aggressive blood purification therapy during the perioperative period is a key to successful LDLT in dialysis @entity0 .

title: Successful perioperative blood purification therapy in XXXX with maintenance hemodialysis therapy who underwent living donor liver transplantation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The association between exposure during handling of sewage and compost and the serum concentration of inflammatory biomarkers was studied. METHODS: A total of 44 workers exposed to sewage dust, 47 workers exposed to compost dust and 38 referents from the administrative staff participated. Microbial aerosols were collected by personal inhalable samplers. The concentrations of bacterial cells, spores from fungi and bacteria (actinomycetes) and endotoxins were determined by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy and the Limulus assay. @entity3 , D-dimer, @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity1 were determined by ELISA and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) by HS-MicroCRP assay in blood samples collected post-shift. RESULTS: The exposure to dust ranged from 0.02 to 11  mg/m(3), endotoxins from 1 to 3160 EU/m(3) and bacteria from 0 to 209  *  10(6)  cells/m(3). Fungal (0-41  *  10(6)  spores/m(3)) and actinomycetes spores (0-590  *  10(6) actinomycetes spores/m(3)) were observed only at compost plants. The exposed workers had significantly higher @entity3 (arithmetic mean 3.3  mg/ml) and @entity2 (geometric mean 1.5  mg/L) compared to the referents (2.8 and 1.0  mg/L, respectively). The serum concentration of @entity2 was negatively associated with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in   % of predicted. Exposure to inhalable dust and bacteria was positively associated with the serum concentration of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that exposure to bacteria and dust when handling sewage and compost may initiate an @entity0 shown by an increase in serum concentration of @entity4 . The higher concentrations of @entity3 and @entity2 in exposed workers compared to the referents may reflect a low-grade systemic @entity0 .

title: Biomarkers of XXXX in workers exposed to compost and sewage dust.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The aim of our study was to compare the effectiveness of high-pressure pulsatile lavage and low-pressure lavage in @entity0 with an @entity1 treated with open d  bridement followed by antibiotic treatment. @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with an @entity1 requiring open d  bridement from January 2008 to August 2009 were randomized prospectively to a low-pressure or a high-pressure pulsatile lavage arm. Relevant information about demographics, co-morbidity, type of implant, microbiology data, surgical treatment, and outcome were recorded. Comparison of proportions was made using   (2) test or Fisher exact test when necessary. The Kaplan-Meier survival method was used to estimate the cumulative probability of treatment failure from open d  bridement to the last visit. RESULTS: Seventy-nine @entity0 were included. There were no differences between the main characteristics between both groups (p > 0.05). Mean (SD) age of the whole cohort was 70.2 (11.9) years. There were 46 infections on knee prosthesis, 17 on hip prosthesis, 7 on hip hemiarthroplasties and 9 on osteosynthesis devices. There were 69 acute @entity1 , 8 acute @entity1 . The most common microorganisms isolated were coagulase-negative Staphylococci in 34 cases, @entity3 in 26 and @entity2 in 19 cases. There were 30 polymicrobial infections. A total of 42 and 37 @entity0 were randomized to a high-pressure pulsatile or a low-pressure lavage, respectively. There was no difference in the success rate between both arms (80.9 vs. 86.5%, p = 0.56). CONCLUSION: The use of a high-pressure pulsatile lavage during open d  bridement of @entity1 had a similar success rate as a low-pressure lavage.

title: Comparison of a low-pressure and a high-pressure pulsatile lavage during d  bridement for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The incidence of @entity5 and @entity6 was investigated in 48 @entity0 with @entity3 who had three or more major lower limb joint replacements. Eight (17%) developed @entity5 requiring cervical fusion. This was the subsequent cause of @entity2 in two. Four further @entity0 demonstrated clinical features of @entity4 . Cervical @entity6 was present in 29 of 44 (66%) in whom adequate radiographs were available. The development of cervical symptoms and signs could not have been predicted from the sex, age of onset, duration of disease or @entity1 therapy. Radiographic changes in the cervical spine were independent of major lower limb joint destruction and were often not present when planning a programme of joint replacement. Fifty-one control @entity0 were studied. Cervical @entity4 occurred in 2 (4%) and @entity6 in 24 (47%). The development of rheumatoid changes in the cervical spine was unrelated to involvement of the hip or knee joints in the control group. There was a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in the incidence of @entity5 in @entity0 with multiple lower limb joint replacements compared with the control population.

title: Cervical XXXX complicating multiple joint replacement in @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The incidence of @entity5 and @entity6 was investigated in 48 @entity0 with @entity3 who had three or more major lower limb joint replacements. Eight (17%) developed @entity5 requiring cervical fusion. This was the subsequent cause of @entity2 in two. Four further @entity0 demonstrated clinical features of @entity4 . Cervical @entity6 was present in 29 of 44 (66%) in whom adequate radiographs were available. The development of cervical symptoms and signs could not have been predicted from the sex, age of onset, duration of disease or @entity1 therapy. Radiographic changes in the cervical spine were independent of major lower limb joint destruction and were often not present when planning a programme of joint replacement. Fifty-one control @entity0 were studied. Cervical @entity4 occurred in 2 (4%) and @entity6 in 24 (47%). The development of rheumatoid changes in the cervical spine was unrelated to involvement of the hip or knee joints in the control group. There was a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in the incidence of @entity5 in @entity0 with multiple lower limb joint replacements compared with the control population.

title: Cervical @entity4 complicating multiple joint replacement in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To analyse the safety and effectiveness of natalizumab in the treatment of @entity1 in a real clinical practice setting and according to the approved indications. @entity0 AND METHODS: All @entity0 with @entity1 treated with natalizumab in our centre were evaluated. The clinical and radiological disease activity during the first year of treatment was analyzed in @entity0 who received at least 12 doses of the drug. The data regarding moderate and severe adverse events in the entire study sample was also evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 112 @entity0 were included in the study, of which 110 had been previously treated with other drugs and 76 had received at least 12 doses of natalizumab. In this group, the annualized relapse rate was reduced by 89% compared to the preceding year and 80% of @entity0 were free from relapses after one year of treatment. Nine percent of @entity0 exhibited 3-month confirmed disability progression. At month 12, the mean number of @entity3 -enhancing lesions on brain MRI was decreased by 99% compared to the pre-treatment MRI. During the first year of treatment, 76% of @entity0 remained free from clinical activity and 33% remained free from both clinical and radiological disease activity. Twenty-nine percent of @entity0 had at least one moderate or severe adverse event, which led to treatment discontinuation in 6%. Four percent of @entity0 experienced immediate @entity2 reactions. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that natalizumab is effective in reducing disease activity in @entity0 with relapsing @entity1 and inadequate response to other therapies, with a favorable risk-benefit ratio.

title: An observational study of the effectiveness and safety of natalizumab in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity3 is characterized by lower intelligence compared to the average intelligence of @entity0 the same age. These @entity0 have low adaptive capacity acquired by society. The genetic factors of causing @entity2 include @entity1 , chromosome structural aberration, and chromosome number aberration and so on. We explored the cause of a Chinese family suffering from @entity3 . METHODS: We used karyotyping technology to determine the karyotype of the proband, and we used FISH to verify the result of the karyotyping. We used whole-exome sequencing to identify the disease-causing gene and used Sanger sequencing to verify the result of whole-exome sequencing to assess the family's gene expression. RESULTS: The G-banding of the karyotype revealed that the @entity0 's karyotype is 46, XY. FISH revealed that the @entity0 does not have a @entity4 . The karyotype of the proband is normal. Using whole-exome sequencing, we identified 108,767 variants in the exome gene of the @entity0 , including 101,787 SNPs and 6980 InDels. Combining clinical information and bioinformatics analysis, including databases filtering and SIFT analysis, we found @entity5 in X chromosome was candidate @entity2 disease-causing gene. PCR and Sanger sequencing results were consistent with whole-exome sequencing. @entity5 ( @entity6 ) mutation was present in the genome of the proband and his mother is a carrier, while his father, sister, and brother do not carry this mutation. CONCLUSION: According to clinical information, whole-exome sequencing results and Sanger verification results, @entity5 ( @entity6 ) mutation may be disease-causing gene of the @entity2 @entity0 . The relation between @entity5 mutation and @entity2 clinical characteristic is needed to be illuminated with participation of more @entity2 @entity0 .

title: XXXX mutated in a Chinese intellectually challenged family.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Histone proteins from purified nuclei of neonatal and adult @entity0 retinas were analyzed and compared utilizing @entity1 - @entity2 gel electrophoresis. Identical procedures were applied to examine the histones extracted from the brains of the same animals. In the newborn and mature retina and brain, 8 histone fractions have been separated, identified and quantified by scanning densitometry. These are the linker histone (H1), consisting of 3 subfractions (H1a, @entity4 , H1(0); the semi-histone uH2A (A24); and the 4 nucleosome core histones (H2A, H2B, H3, H4). Developmental differences are exhibited by the linker histone in both brain and retinal cells. The greatest differences between the histone patterns of retina and brain are also in the H1 group. Because the linker histone is subject to the greatest variability. H1 was selectively extracted with 5% @entity3 from both neonatal and adult brain. This procedure established that the observed differences are a developmental phenomenon and are not due to interactions of the linker histones with other nuclear proteins. The ratio of the non-histone chromosomal proteins to total histone was found to be significantly greater in both adult and neonatal brain compared to retina at either age.

title: Comparisons of histones in retinal and brain nuclei from newborn and adult XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine the effectiveness of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in primary angle closure (PAC) and primary @entity3 (PACG). DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. @entity0 : Eighty PAC or PACG subjects who underwent laser iridotomy (LI) and had at least 180   of persistent appositional angle closure and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) of more than 21 mmHg were enrolled. METHODS: Subjects were randomized to receive either 360   @entity2 (Visulas 532s; Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany) or medical therapy (Travoprost 0.004%; Alcon-Couvreur, Puurs, Antwerp, Belgium). Repeat @entity2 was performed if the @entity4 reduction was less than 20% from baseline along with inadequate angle widening at the month 1 or month 3 visit. Intraocular pressure was controlled with systematic addition of medications when required. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The primary outcome measure was success rates after @entity2 at 1 year. Complete success was defined as an @entity4 of 21 mmHg or less without medication, and qualified success was defined as an @entity4 of 21 mmHg or less with medication. Failure was defined as an @entity4 more than 21 mmHg despite additional medications or requiring @entity1 surgery. RESULTS: Forty subjects (51 eyes) were randomized to @entity2 and 40 subjects (55 eyes) were randomized to medical therapy. Complete success ( @entity4  <=21 mmHg without medication) was achieved in 35.0% eyes of the @entity2 group compared with 85.0% of eyes in the @entity5 analog (PGA) group (P < 0.001), and qualified success ( @entity4  <=21 mmHg with medication) was achieved in 35.0% and 7.5%, respectively (P  = 0.003). The @entity4 decreased by 4.9 mmHg (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.5-6.3 mmHg) in the @entity2 group (P < 0.001) and by 6.1 mmHg (95% CI, 5.1-7.1 mmHg) in the medication group (P < 0.001). A failure rate of 30.0% was noted in the @entity2 group compared with 7.5% in the medication group (P  = 0.01). No treatment-related complications were recorded in either group. CONCLUSIONS: After 1 year, @entity2 was associated with higher failure rates and lower @entity4 reduction compared  with PGA therapy in eyes with persistent appositional angle closure and raised @entity4 after LI.

title: Argon Laser Peripheral Iridoplasty for Primary XXXX : A Randomized Controlled Trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To improve the accuracy of genotype prediction and guide genetic testing in @entity0 with @entity1 we applied and refined specialized electrophysiological exercise test parameters. METHODS: We studied 56 genetically confirmed @entity0 and 65 controls using needle electromyography, the long exercise test, and short exercise tests at room temperature, after cooling, and rewarming. RESULTS: Concordant amplitude-and-area decrements were more reliable than amplitude-only measurements when interpreting patterns of change during the short exercise tests. Concordant amplitude-and-area pattern I and pattern II decrements of >20% were 100% specific for paramyotonia @entity6 , respectively. When decrements at room temperature and after cooling were <20%, a repeat short exercise test after rewarming was useful in @entity0 with @entity6 . Area measurements and rewarming distinguished true temperature sensitivity from amplitude reduction due to cold-induced slowing of muscle fiber conduction. In @entity0 with negative short exercise tests, symptomatic @entity4 predicted sodium channel @entity4 @entity6 . Distinctive "tornado-shaped" @entity5 -like discharges may be seen in @entity0 with @entity8 . In the long exercise test, area decrements from pre-exercise baseline were more sensitive than amplitude decrements-from-maximum-compound muscle action potential (CMAP) in @entity0 with @entity7 . Possible ethnic differences in the normative data of the long exercise test argue for the use of appropriate ethnically-matched controls. INTERPRETATION: Concordant CMAP amplitude-and-area decrements of >20% allow more reliable interpretation of the short exercise tests and aid accurate DNA-based diagnosis. In @entity0 with negative exercise tests, specific clinical features are helpful in differentiating @entity2 from @entity3 channel @entity4 . A modified algorithm is suggested.

title: Refined exercise testing can aid DNA-based diagnosis in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The net survival of a @entity0 diagnosed with a given disease is a quantity often interpreted as the hypothetical survival probability in the absence of causes of @entity2 other than the disease. In a relative survival framework, net survival summarises the excess mortality that @entity0 experience compared with their relevant reference population. Based on follow-up data from the Finnish Cancer Registry, we derived simulation scenarios that describe survival of @entity0 in eight @entity1 sites reflecting different excess mortality patterns in order to compare the performance of the classical Ederer II estimator and the new estimator proposed by Pohar Perme et al. At 5  years, the age-standardised Ederer II estimator performed equally well as the Pohar Perme estimator with the exception of @entity3 in which the Pohar Perme estimator had a smaller @entity4 ( @entity4 ). At 10 and 15  years, the age-standardised Ederer II performed most often better than the Pohar Perme estimator. The unstandardised Ederer II estimator had the largest @entity4 at 5  years. However, its @entity4 was often superior to those of the other estimators at 10 and 15  years, especially in sparse data. Both the Pohar Perme and the age-standardised Ederer II estimator are valid for 5-year net survival of @entity1 @entity0 . For longer-term net survival, our simulation results support the use of the age-standardised Ederer II estimator. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Comparing net survival estimators of XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The net survival of a @entity0 diagnosed with a given disease is a quantity often interpreted as the hypothetical survival probability in the absence of causes of @entity2 other than the disease. In a relative survival framework, net survival summarises the excess mortality that @entity0 experience compared with their relevant reference population. Based on follow-up data from the Finnish Cancer Registry, we derived simulation scenarios that describe survival of @entity0 in eight @entity1 sites reflecting different excess mortality patterns in order to compare the performance of the classical Ederer II estimator and the new estimator proposed by Pohar Perme et al. At 5  years, the age-standardised Ederer II estimator performed equally well as the Pohar Perme estimator with the exception of @entity3 in which the Pohar Perme estimator had a smaller @entity4 ( @entity4 ). At 10 and 15  years, the age-standardised Ederer II performed most often better than the Pohar Perme estimator. The unstandardised Ederer II estimator had the largest @entity4 at 5  years. However, its @entity4 was often superior to those of the other estimators at 10 and 15  years, especially in sparse data. Both the Pohar Perme and the age-standardised Ederer II estimator are valid for 5-year net survival of @entity1 @entity0 . For longer-term net survival, our simulation results support the use of the age-standardised Ederer II estimator. Copyright    2015 John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Comparing net survival estimators of @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) survivors are at increased risk of developing @entity4 as an adverse event of radiotherapy. Our aim was to investigate the frequency and risk factors for @entity4 in these survivors. Secondly, we aimed to compare the prevalence of @entity4 between survivors treated with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) and survivors treated with the ablative surgery, moulage technique after loading brachytherapy, and surgical reconstruction (AMORE) procedure. METHODS: Eighty @entity2 survivors treated in London (EBRT based) and Amsterdam (AMORE based: AMORE if feasible, otherwise EBRT) in the period 1990-2010 and alive >= 2 years post-treatment were evaluated. Survivors were evaluated in multidisciplinary late-effects clinics, with measurement of linear growth, determination of thyroid function, and @entity3 parameters. Additional data, such as baseline characteristics, anthropometrics, pubertal stage, and the results of additional laboratory investigations, were retrieved from @entity0 charts. RESULTS: @entity4 was diagnosed in 24 in 80 (30%) survivors, after a median follow-up time of 11 years. Median time to develop @entity4 after @entity2 diagnosis was 3.0 years. Risk factors were EBRT-based therapy (odds ratio [OR] 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.79-2.46), parameningeal @entity1 site (OR 1.83; 95% CI 1.60-2.17) and embryonal RMS histology (OR 1.49; 95% CI 1.19-1.90). CONCLUSIONS: Radiotherapy used for the treatment of @entity2 confers a significant risk of the development of @entity4 . AMORE-based treatment in @entity0 with @entity2 resulted in less @entity4 than treatment with conventional EBRT. Our findings underscore the importance of routine early endocrine follow-up in this specific population.

title: Endocrine disorders among long-term survivors of childhood XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In recent years the incidence of @entity3 in elderly @entity0 has increased with an unfavorable oncologic outcome due not only to immune deterioration but also to greater @entity2 . The aim of this study was to evaluate the behavior of cutaneous @entity3 in relation to age. A consecutive series of cases with @entity3 operated in a reference center in the period 2001-2013 was included. The sample was divided into two groups according to the age. Group 1 (G1): under 65 years and Group 2 (G2): over 65 years. Histopathological variables and oncologic outcomes were compared between the two groups. Three hundred and eighty eight @entity0 were operated. They belonged to G1 241 (62%) and to G2 147 (38%). Both groups were homogeneous with respect to the histological type of @entity3 . Group 2 had thicker @entity3 (Breslow > 4 mm 19% vs. 7%, p < 0.005) and higher rates of @entity4 (37% vs. 20%, p: 0.007) and distant @entity1 (stage IV 11% vs. 3%, p 0.01). There was no difference between groups regarding nodal involvement. With a mean follow up of 45 (6-98) months throughout the series, recurrence of disease was higher in group 2 (26% vs. 17%, p: 0.03), but the specific mortality showed no significant difference (9.5% vs. 5.3%, p: 0.12). In conclusion, cutaneous @entity3 in @entity0 over 65 years is more aggressive with higher rates of local recurrence and distant @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX according to age].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The effect of @entity5 consumption on hepatocarcinogenesis in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is not clear. We aimed to investigate the influence of @entity3 consumption on hepatocarcinogenesis and determine the risk factors for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in a large number of Japanese @entity0 with @entity4 without @entity1 . METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted at a specialized center for hepatology in Japan and included 9959 @entity0 with @entity4 without @entity1 , diagnosed by ultrasonography from January 1997 through December 2011. The @entity0 ' level of @entity5 consumption was divided into 4 categories: <20 g/day (n  = 6671), 20-39 g/day (n  = 753), 40-69 g/day (n  = 1589), and >= 70 g/day (n  = 946). The primary endpoint was the onset of @entity2 . Statistical analyses performed included the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard analysis. The median follow-up period was 5.4 years. RESULTS: Of the study cohort, 49 cases (0.49%) developed @entity2 during the follow-up period. The annual incidence rate of @entity2 was 0.05% in @entity0 with @entity4 and a daily @entity5 consumption <20 g/day. Increasing levels of @entity5 consumption were associated with increased annual incidence rates of @entity2 : 0.06% for @entity0 with 20-39 g/day @entity5 consumption (hazard ratio [HR], 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-7.04), 0.16% for @entity0 with 40-69 g/day @entity5 consumption (HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.50-8.12), and 0.22% for @entity0 with >= 70 g/day @entity5 consumption (HR, 10.58; 95% CI, 5.06-22.13), compared with @entity0 with @entity5 consumption <20 g/day. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity5 consumption >= 40 g/day was an independent risk factor for @entity2 : for 40-69 g/day the HR was 2.48 (95% CI, 1.01-6.05; P  <  .047) and for >= 70 g/day the HR was 12.61 (95% CI, 5.68-28.00; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on a multicenter, retrospective analysis of almost 10,000 @entity0 with @entity4 , @entity5 consumption >= 40 g/day is an independent risk factor for @entity2 .

title: Effects of XXXX Consumption on Hepatocarcinogenesis in Japanese @entity0 With @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The effect of @entity5 consumption on hepatocarcinogenesis in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is not clear. We aimed to investigate the influence of @entity3 consumption on hepatocarcinogenesis and determine the risk factors for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in a large number of Japanese @entity0 with @entity4 without @entity1 . METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted at a specialized center for hepatology in Japan and included 9959 @entity0 with @entity4 without @entity1 , diagnosed by ultrasonography from January 1997 through December 2011. The @entity0 ' level of @entity5 consumption was divided into 4 categories: <20 g/day (n  = 6671), 20-39 g/day (n  = 753), 40-69 g/day (n  = 1589), and >= 70 g/day (n  = 946). The primary endpoint was the onset of @entity2 . Statistical analyses performed included the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard analysis. The median follow-up period was 5.4 years. RESULTS: Of the study cohort, 49 cases (0.49%) developed @entity2 during the follow-up period. The annual incidence rate of @entity2 was 0.05% in @entity0 with @entity4 and a daily @entity5 consumption <20 g/day. Increasing levels of @entity5 consumption were associated with increased annual incidence rates of @entity2 : 0.06% for @entity0 with 20-39 g/day @entity5 consumption (hazard ratio [HR], 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-7.04), 0.16% for @entity0 with 40-69 g/day @entity5 consumption (HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.50-8.12), and 0.22% for @entity0 with >= 70 g/day @entity5 consumption (HR, 10.58; 95% CI, 5.06-22.13), compared with @entity0 with @entity5 consumption <20 g/day. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity5 consumption >= 40 g/day was an independent risk factor for @entity2 : for 40-69 g/day the HR was 2.48 (95% CI, 1.01-6.05; P  <  .047) and for >= 70 g/day the HR was 12.61 (95% CI, 5.68-28.00; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on a multicenter, retrospective analysis of almost 10,000 @entity0 with @entity4 , @entity5 consumption >= 40 g/day is an independent risk factor for @entity2 .

title: Effects of @entity3 Consumption on Hepatocarcinogenesis in Japanese @entity0 With XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: The effect of @entity5 consumption on hepatocarcinogenesis in @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is not clear. We aimed to investigate the influence of @entity3 consumption on hepatocarcinogenesis and determine the risk factors for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in a large number of Japanese @entity0 with @entity4 without @entity1 . METHODS: This multicenter, retrospective cohort study was conducted at a specialized center for hepatology in Japan and included 9959 @entity0 with @entity4 without @entity1 , diagnosed by ultrasonography from January 1997 through December 2011. The @entity0 ' level of @entity5 consumption was divided into 4 categories: <20 g/day (n  = 6671), 20-39 g/day (n  = 753), 40-69 g/day (n  = 1589), and >= 70 g/day (n  = 946). The primary endpoint was the onset of @entity2 . Statistical analyses performed included the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazard analysis. The median follow-up period was 5.4 years. RESULTS: Of the study cohort, 49 cases (0.49%) developed @entity2 during the follow-up period. The annual incidence rate of @entity2 was 0.05% in @entity0 with @entity4 and a daily @entity5 consumption <20 g/day. Increasing levels of @entity5 consumption were associated with increased annual incidence rates of @entity2 : 0.06% for @entity0 with 20-39 g/day @entity5 consumption (hazard ratio [HR], 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.34-7.04), 0.16% for @entity0 with 40-69 g/day @entity5 consumption (HR, 3.49; 95% CI, 1.50-8.12), and 0.22% for @entity0 with >= 70 g/day @entity5 consumption (HR, 10.58; 95% CI, 5.06-22.13), compared with @entity0 with @entity5 consumption <20 g/day. Multivariate analysis showed that @entity5 consumption >= 40 g/day was an independent risk factor for @entity2 : for 40-69 g/day the HR was 2.48 (95% CI, 1.01-6.05; P  <  .047) and for >= 70 g/day the HR was 12.61 (95% CI, 5.68-28.00; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Based on a multicenter, retrospective analysis of almost 10,000 @entity0 with @entity4 , @entity5 consumption >= 40 g/day is an independent risk factor for @entity2 .

title: Effects of @entity3 Consumption on Hepatocarcinogenesis in Japanese XXXX With @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: In recent years, great development has been made in @entity1 therapeutics with replication-competent viruses (oncolytic viruses). Genetically modified adenovirus is one of promising viruses. The current study was designed to evaluate the safety of intratumoral H101, an @entity5 deleted adenovirus. METHODS: A total of 15 @entity0 with @entity1 were treated with H101 in a dose-escalation manner (from 5 x 10(7) VP to 1.5 x 10(12) VP per day for 5 consecutive days). Systemic examination was performed prior to injection. Physical signs (including weight, temperature, respiration,pulse, and blood pressure) and @entity2 were observed and recorded carefully during treatment. Adenoviral DNA in plasma, urine, and swabs of oropharynx, swabs of the injection site from different time-point were determined by PCR. RESULTS: Evaluation of @entity2 in all 15 cases was available. All @entity0 tolerated well following intratumoral injection of H101. Dose limited @entity2 (DLT) and serious adverse event (SAE) were not found in the course of treatment. Main side effects were injection site @entity3 (60.0%) and @entity4 (33.3%). Adenoviral DNA was undetectable in plasma, urine, and swabs of oropharynx, swabs of the injection site. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the @entity2 of intratumoral injection of @entity5 deleted adenovirus (H101) were lower and tolerable. There is no evidence indicating the invasion. These results suggested that intratumorally injected H101 is safe.

title: [Safety of an XXXX deleted adenovirus administered intratumorally to @entity0 with @entity1 ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: In recent years, great development has been made in @entity1 therapeutics with replication-competent viruses (oncolytic viruses). Genetically modified adenovirus is one of promising viruses. The current study was designed to evaluate the safety of intratumoral H101, an @entity5 deleted adenovirus. METHODS: A total of 15 @entity0 with @entity1 were treated with H101 in a dose-escalation manner (from 5 x 10(7) VP to 1.5 x 10(12) VP per day for 5 consecutive days). Systemic examination was performed prior to injection. Physical signs (including weight, temperature, respiration,pulse, and blood pressure) and @entity2 were observed and recorded carefully during treatment. Adenoviral DNA in plasma, urine, and swabs of oropharynx, swabs of the injection site from different time-point were determined by PCR. RESULTS: Evaluation of @entity2 in all 15 cases was available. All @entity0 tolerated well following intratumoral injection of H101. Dose limited @entity2 (DLT) and serious adverse event (SAE) were not found in the course of treatment. Main side effects were injection site @entity3 (60.0%) and @entity4 (33.3%). Adenoviral DNA was undetectable in plasma, urine, and swabs of oropharynx, swabs of the injection site. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the @entity2 of intratumoral injection of @entity5 deleted adenovirus (H101) were lower and tolerable. There is no evidence indicating the invasion. These results suggested that intratumorally injected H101 is safe.

title: [Safety of an @entity5 deleted adenovirus administered intratumorally to @entity0 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND _ OBJECTIVE: In recent years, great development has been made in @entity1 therapeutics with replication-competent viruses (oncolytic viruses). Genetically modified adenovirus is one of promising viruses. The current study was designed to evaluate the safety of intratumoral H101, an @entity5 deleted adenovirus. METHODS: A total of 15 @entity0 with @entity1 were treated with H101 in a dose-escalation manner (from 5 x 10(7) VP to 1.5 x 10(12) VP per day for 5 consecutive days). Systemic examination was performed prior to injection. Physical signs (including weight, temperature, respiration,pulse, and blood pressure) and @entity2 were observed and recorded carefully during treatment. Adenoviral DNA in plasma, urine, and swabs of oropharynx, swabs of the injection site from different time-point were determined by PCR. RESULTS: Evaluation of @entity2 in all 15 cases was available. All @entity0 tolerated well following intratumoral injection of H101. Dose limited @entity2 (DLT) and serious adverse event (SAE) were not found in the course of treatment. Main side effects were injection site @entity3 (60.0%) and @entity4 (33.3%). Adenoviral DNA was undetectable in plasma, urine, and swabs of oropharynx, swabs of the injection site. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the @entity2 of intratumoral injection of @entity5 deleted adenovirus (H101) were lower and tolerable. There is no evidence indicating the invasion. These results suggested that intratumorally injected H101 is safe.

title: [Safety of an @entity5 deleted adenovirus administered intratumorally to XXXX with @entity1 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To construct new type of bone graft material by combining @entity1 cement (CPC) with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), and then to detect its osteogenic activity. METHODS: The surface of CPC and @entity2 /BMP composite were observed by @entity3 ( @entity3 ). CPC and CPC/BMP pellets were separately implanted into the thigh muscle pouches of @entity0 . Samples obtained at different times were tested by histological analysis, @entity3 , organic substance detection, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) measurement to observe the induced ectopic bone formation. RESULTS: Under @entity3 , the CPC and CPC/BMP composite was found to consist primarily of platy crystals, granular crystals and some small rod-like crystals with micropores about 10-50 microm in size. BMP about 1-5 microm in size was seen like micro globules distributing evenly in the micropores. Newly formed cartilage or bone was not found in the CPC group. In the CPC/BMP group, mesenchymal cells were proliferated and abundant cartilage was found in one week. Woven bone appeared at 2 weeks. New bone formation increased with bone marrow at 4 weeks. At 8 weeks, the implanted CPC/BMP became heterogeneous and a lot of collapsed granules were observed. At the end of 16 weeks, mature lamellar bone appeared and the volume of the implanted CPC/BMP became smaller. One week after implantation, the ALP increased evidently in the CPC/BMP groups and reached the highest level at the 4th week, which was about 168 U/L. The content of organic substance in specimens increased from 22% to 39% by the end of the 16th week, showing the continuous calcification and formation of new bone. @entity3 also showed that the CPC/BMP composite had good potentiality of ectopic bone induction, and the new bone formed accompanied by the slow degradation of the material. CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggested that the CPC/BMP composite could be used as material for bone graft substitute.

title: [Preparation and osteogenic activity of combining XXXX cement with bone morphogenetic protein composite as a bone graft material].

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: It is uncertain whether modest benefits from adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity2 justify the @entity3 , cost, and inconvenience. We investigated the usefulness of defective mismatch repair (dMMR), @entity4 , and @entity5 mutations in predicting @entity1 recurrence and sensitivity to chemotherapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for dMMR and pyrosequencing for @entity5 / @entity4 were performed for 1,913 @entity0 randomly assigned between @entity6 and @entity7 chemotherapy and no chemotherapy in the Quick and Simple and Reliable (QUASAR) trial. RESULTS: Twenty-six percent of 695 right-sided colon, 3% of 685 left-sided colon, and 1% of 407 @entity1 were dMMR. Similarly, 17% of right colon, 2% of left colon, and 2% of @entity1 were @entity4 mutant. @entity5 mutant @entity1 were more evenly distributed: 40% right colon, 28% left colon, and 36% @entity1 . Recurrence rate for dMMR @entity1 was half that for MMR-proficient @entity1 (11% [25 of 218] v 26% [438 of 1,695] recurred; risk ratio [RR], 0.53; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.70; P < .001). Risk of recurrence was also significantly higher for @entity5 mutant than @entity5 wild-type @entity1 (28% [150 of 542] v 21% [219 of 1,041]; RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.74; P = .002) but did not differ significantly between @entity4 mutant and wild-type @entity1 (P = .36). No marker predicted benefit from chemotherapy with efficacy not differing significantly by MMR, @entity5 , or @entity4 status. The prognostic value of MMR and @entity5 was similar in the presence and absence of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: MMR assays identify @entity0 with a low risk of recurrence. @entity5 mutational analysis provides useful additional risk stratification to guide use of chemotherapy.

title: Value of mismatch repair, XXXX , and @entity4 mutations in predicting recurrence and benefits from chemotherapy in @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: It is uncertain whether modest benefits from adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity2 justify the @entity3 , cost, and inconvenience. We investigated the usefulness of defective mismatch repair (dMMR), @entity4 , and @entity5 mutations in predicting @entity1 recurrence and sensitivity to chemotherapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for dMMR and pyrosequencing for @entity5 / @entity4 were performed for 1,913 @entity0 randomly assigned between @entity6 and @entity7 chemotherapy and no chemotherapy in the Quick and Simple and Reliable (QUASAR) trial. RESULTS: Twenty-six percent of 695 right-sided colon, 3% of 685 left-sided colon, and 1% of 407 @entity1 were dMMR. Similarly, 17% of right colon, 2% of left colon, and 2% of @entity1 were @entity4 mutant. @entity5 mutant @entity1 were more evenly distributed: 40% right colon, 28% left colon, and 36% @entity1 . Recurrence rate for dMMR @entity1 was half that for MMR-proficient @entity1 (11% [25 of 218] v 26% [438 of 1,695] recurred; risk ratio [RR], 0.53; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.70; P < .001). Risk of recurrence was also significantly higher for @entity5 mutant than @entity5 wild-type @entity1 (28% [150 of 542] v 21% [219 of 1,041]; RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.74; P = .002) but did not differ significantly between @entity4 mutant and wild-type @entity1 (P = .36). No marker predicted benefit from chemotherapy with efficacy not differing significantly by MMR, @entity5 , or @entity4 status. The prognostic value of MMR and @entity5 was similar in the presence and absence of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: MMR assays identify @entity0 with a low risk of recurrence. @entity5 mutational analysis provides useful additional risk stratification to guide use of chemotherapy.

title: Value of mismatch repair, @entity5 , and @entity4 mutations in predicting recurrence and benefits from chemotherapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: It is uncertain whether modest benefits from adjuvant chemotherapy in @entity2 justify the @entity3 , cost, and inconvenience. We investigated the usefulness of defective mismatch repair (dMMR), @entity4 , and @entity5 mutations in predicting @entity1 recurrence and sensitivity to chemotherapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for dMMR and pyrosequencing for @entity5 / @entity4 were performed for 1,913 @entity0 randomly assigned between @entity6 and @entity7 chemotherapy and no chemotherapy in the Quick and Simple and Reliable (QUASAR) trial. RESULTS: Twenty-six percent of 695 right-sided colon, 3% of 685 left-sided colon, and 1% of 407 @entity1 were dMMR. Similarly, 17% of right colon, 2% of left colon, and 2% of @entity1 were @entity4 mutant. @entity5 mutant @entity1 were more evenly distributed: 40% right colon, 28% left colon, and 36% @entity1 . Recurrence rate for dMMR @entity1 was half that for MMR-proficient @entity1 (11% [25 of 218] v 26% [438 of 1,695] recurred; risk ratio [RR], 0.53; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.70; P < .001). Risk of recurrence was also significantly higher for @entity5 mutant than @entity5 wild-type @entity1 (28% [150 of 542] v 21% [219 of 1,041]; RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.74; P = .002) but did not differ significantly between @entity4 mutant and wild-type @entity1 (P = .36). No marker predicted benefit from chemotherapy with efficacy not differing significantly by MMR, @entity5 , or @entity4 status. The prognostic value of MMR and @entity5 was similar in the presence and absence of chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: MMR assays identify @entity0 with a low risk of recurrence. @entity5 mutational analysis provides useful additional risk stratification to guide use of chemotherapy.

title: Value of mismatch repair, @entity5 , and XXXX mutations in predicting recurrence and benefits from chemotherapy in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Small series with limited follow-up have suggested primary @entity4 of the duodenum (FL-D) to be an indolent disease. We report our experience on a large series of @entity0 followed for a median time period of longer than 6 years. @entity0 AND METHODS: The study comprised 63 @entity0 with primary FL-D defined as stage I disease. Endoscopy and detailed pathologic work-up was performed at diagnosis and at restaging to monitor the behavior of the @entity1 . RESULTS: Histologically, all 63 @entity0 had FL, low grade (1 to 2). @entity3 confined to mucosa/submucosa in 19 of 20 @entity0 . At an overall median follow-up of 77 months (range, 12 to 177 months), only two untreated @entity0 had developed @entity2 , the remaining 61 @entity0 never experienced extrasmall @entity5 and large cell transformation did not occur at all. Among 24 @entity0 followed by watch and wait strategy, seven showed spontaneous complete regression and 17 had stable disease; radiotherapy resulted in complete regression in all 19 patients; anti- @entity6 antibody monotherapy achieved complete regression in four @entity0 and stable disease in one @entity0 . Various chemotherapy protocols in eight @entity0 caused complete regression in all of them, but local relapses occurred in three. No @entity0 required surgery or died of disease. CONCLUSION: These findings characterize primary FL-D as a remarkably indolent FL variant, which, even left untreated, does not develop @entity1 growth, very rarely disseminates (two of 63 @entity0 ) and does not transform to high grade disease. A watch and wait approach appears to be the most sensible strategy.

title: @entity4 of the duodenum is a distinct XXXX : a retrospective study of 63 cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Small series with limited follow-up have suggested primary @entity4 of the duodenum (FL-D) to be an indolent disease. We report our experience on a large series of @entity0 followed for a median time period of longer than 6 years. @entity0 AND METHODS: The study comprised 63 @entity0 with primary FL-D defined as stage I disease. Endoscopy and detailed pathologic work-up was performed at diagnosis and at restaging to monitor the behavior of the @entity1 . RESULTS: Histologically, all 63 @entity0 had FL, low grade (1 to 2). @entity3 confined to mucosa/submucosa in 19 of 20 @entity0 . At an overall median follow-up of 77 months (range, 12 to 177 months), only two untreated @entity0 had developed @entity2 , the remaining 61 @entity0 never experienced extrasmall @entity5 and large cell transformation did not occur at all. Among 24 @entity0 followed by watch and wait strategy, seven showed spontaneous complete regression and 17 had stable disease; radiotherapy resulted in complete regression in all 19 patients; anti- @entity6 antibody monotherapy achieved complete regression in four @entity0 and stable disease in one @entity0 . Various chemotherapy protocols in eight @entity0 caused complete regression in all of them, but local relapses occurred in three. No @entity0 required surgery or died of disease. CONCLUSION: These findings characterize primary FL-D as a remarkably indolent FL variant, which, even left untreated, does not develop @entity1 growth, very rarely disseminates (two of 63 @entity0 ) and does not transform to high grade disease. A watch and wait approach appears to be the most sensible strategy.

title: XXXX of the duodenum is a distinct @entity4 : a retrospective study of 63 cases.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To observe and compare the effect of 0.005% latanoprost and 0.5% @entity2 solutions in the treatment of post-iridectomy residual angle-closure @entity1 . METHODS: Laser peripheral iridectomy was performed and 68 cases (68 eyes) of post-iridectomy residual angle-closure @entity1 were selected and treated with 0.005% latanoprost once at night as the study group and 0.5% @entity2 twice a day as the control group Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured before treatment, on day 3, week 1, week 2, week 4, month 2, month 3 and month 6 in the follow-up, and visual acuity, visual field and C/D ratio were monitored. RESULTS: Of 68 @entity0 , 56 (82.4%) complete the 6 month follow-up. The basic IOP for all subjects in two groups before treatment was not statistically different (t = 0.236, P = 0.814). After the treatment for three days, the efficiency in IOP reduction was statistically different between 2 groups with repeated measure ANOVA (F = 287.441, P < 0.001). In each group, the IOP after treatment was statistically different from that at baseline, with t = 14.103, P < 0.001 and t = 10.308, P < 0.001 in the latanoprost and @entity2 groups respectively. For those @entity0 who finished 6 months' follow-up, the IOP difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant with repeated measure ANOVA (F = 74.259, P < 0.001). The IOP was statistically reduced in both the latanoprost and the @entity2 groups with F = 148.787, P < 0.001 and F = 54.875, P < 0.001 respectively. At each follow-up time, the IOP in latanoprost group was statistically different from that of the @entity2 group with t values to be -6.127, -5.930, -6.201, -5.931, -7.412, -6.640 and -6.756 (P < 0.001). The IOP was statistically different from that before treatment in each group with a mean difference to be -7.034 approximately -6.897 in the latanoprost group and -4.704 approximately -5.000 in the @entity2 group (P < 0.001). The IOP was not statistically different within each group in the follow-up with mean difference of 0.034 approximately 0.138 (P = 0.904 approximately 0.629) in the latanoprost group and a mean difference of 0.037 approximately 0.296 (P = 0.910 approximately 0.366) in the @entity2 group. The best-corrected visual acuity, visual field and C/D ratio were not significantly changed during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: 0.005% latanoprost and 0.5% @entity2 can be used in the drug therapy of post-iridectomy angle-closure @entity1 and the efficiency of 0.005% latanoprost is better than of 0.5% @entity2 . Drug therapy of post-iridectomy angle-closure @entity1 is a practical strategy.

title: [Drug therapy for residual angle-closure XXXX after laser iridectomy].

answer: @entity1


abstract: The mechanisms responsible for malignant @entity3 associated with reperfusion of @entity0 myocardium were delineated with a computerized, three-dimensional mapping system, with simultaneous eight-level transmural recordings from 232 bipolar sites. In six @entity6 -anesthetized @entity1 , regional @entity0 was induced for 10 min by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, followed by reperfusion. At 10 min after @entity0 , just before reperfusion, total ventricular activation time during sinus rhythm was significantly delayed (63 +/- 8 vs 25 +/- 2 msec before @entity0 , p less than .001). @entity4 ( @entity4 ) occurred within 15 sec after reperfusion and in three animals culminated in @entity5 . In 75% of cases of nonsustained @entity4 , initiation occurred in the subendocardium, at the border of the reperfused zone via a mechanism not involving reentry, as determined by the fact that continuous activation was not apparent and the time from the end of the sinus beat to the beginning of @entity4 (142 +/- 14 msec) was not associated with any intervening depolarizations. In the remaining 25% of cases of nonsustained @entity4 , initiation of the @entity4 resulted from intramural reentry in the subendocardium adjacent to the site of delayed midmyocardial activation from the preceding sinus beat (total activation time = 151 +/- 9 msec, p less than .001 vs just before reperfusion). This reentrant mechanism was similar to that responsible for the majority of cases of @entity4 during @entity0 without reperfusion. Maintenance of @entity4 during reperfusion occurred by nonreentrant mechanisms as well as by intramural reentry, with most cases of @entity4 involving both mechanisms. @entity4 leading to @entity5 was initiated in the subendocardium at the border of the reperfused zone by a nonreentrant mechanism and was maintained by both nonreentrant and reentrant mechanisms, at times in combination in the same beat. The coupling interval of the first ectopic beat of @entity4 leading to @entity5 was not significantly different from that of nonsustained @entity4 (199 +/- 16 vs 189 +/- 9 msec, p = NS). However, during the transition from @entity4 to @entity5 , nonreentrant mechanisms arising both in the subendocardium and subepicardium led to very rapid acceleration of the @entity2 to the coupling interval of 92 +/- 2 msec, resulting in enhanced functional block and further conduction delay, with the total activation time of the transition beats exceeding the coupling interval of the @entity2 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Electrophysiologic mechanisms underlying XXXX due to reperfusion of @entity0 myocardium.

answer: @entity3