abstract: Xenograft @entity5 models have been developed in normal @entity2 by growing the @entity3 @entity4 in either adult or neonatal @entity2 brains. Using this @entity0 line it was possible to grow discrete @entity5 in either CBA or AKR adult @entity2 or neonatal @entity2 . The size of the @entity0 mass and length of survival was directly related to the number of @entity0 cells injected and the time after implantation. To obtain localized @entity0 growth cells were suspended in a 1% agarose solution before implantation. Following injection of 10(6) cells into the frontal lobe of adult CBA or AKR @entity2 , discrete @entity0 masses greater than 4 mm in diameter were obtained in 90% of animals at 14 days, and the @entity0 in adult @entity2 occurred between 21 and 28 days after implantation. The @entity0 size following implantation of 10(6) cells was significantly greater than with 10(5) cells at 7 days (P less than 0.05) and at 14 and 21 days (P less than 0.01). Less than 60% of @entity2 of BALB/c, RIII, or C57 black strains developed @entity0 greater than 4 mm diameter at 14 days after intracerebral injection of 10(6) C6 cells. Using neonatal @entity2 it was found that when 10(5) cells were injected intracranially @entity0 greater than 4 mm in diameter developed in 14 of 15 animals within 2 weeks (CBA @entity2 ). Similar results were seen in the RIII, AKR, C57 black, and BALB/c strains. Longer growth periods resulted in @entity0 , up to 8 mm in diameter (6 of 10 animals at 20 days). The @entity0 in the neonatal animals were not as discrete as in the adult @entity2 , and @entity0 often spread to the meninges and into the lateral ventricles. The @entity0 harvested from the brain had a cloning efficiency of 1.2 +/- 0.4% (SD). A panel of monoclonal antibodies was raised to the @entity4 , and this was used to define clearly the margins of the @entity0 within the brain. The xenograft @entity2 models should prove useful for the study of the therapy of @entity1 .

title: Development of a xenograft XXXX model in @entity2 brain.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Xenograft @entity5 models have been developed in normal @entity2 by growing the @entity3 @entity4 in either adult or neonatal @entity2 brains. Using this @entity0 line it was possible to grow discrete @entity5 in either CBA or AKR adult @entity2 or neonatal @entity2 . The size of the @entity0 mass and length of survival was directly related to the number of @entity0 cells injected and the time after implantation. To obtain localized @entity0 growth cells were suspended in a 1% agarose solution before implantation. Following injection of 10(6) cells into the frontal lobe of adult CBA or AKR @entity2 , discrete @entity0 masses greater than 4 mm in diameter were obtained in 90% of animals at 14 days, and the @entity0 in adult @entity2 occurred between 21 and 28 days after implantation. The @entity0 size following implantation of 10(6) cells was significantly greater than with 10(5) cells at 7 days (P less than 0.05) and at 14 and 21 days (P less than 0.01). Less than 60% of @entity2 of BALB/c, RIII, or C57 black strains developed @entity0 greater than 4 mm diameter at 14 days after intracerebral injection of 10(6) C6 cells. Using neonatal @entity2 it was found that when 10(5) cells were injected intracranially @entity0 greater than 4 mm in diameter developed in 14 of 15 animals within 2 weeks (CBA @entity2 ). Similar results were seen in the RIII, AKR, C57 black, and BALB/c strains. Longer growth periods resulted in @entity0 , up to 8 mm in diameter (6 of 10 animals at 20 days). The @entity0 in the neonatal animals were not as discrete as in the adult @entity2 , and @entity0 often spread to the meninges and into the lateral ventricles. The @entity0 harvested from the brain had a cloning efficiency of 1.2 +/- 0.4% (SD). A panel of monoclonal antibodies was raised to the @entity4 , and this was used to define clearly the margins of the @entity0 within the brain. The xenograft @entity2 models should prove useful for the study of the therapy of @entity1 .

title: Development of a xenograft @entity1 model in XXXX brain.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In view of the @entity0 immunity in @entity6 , an assessment of the lymphoproliferative activity of the constantly stimulated mesenteric lymph node of the @entity2 was undertaken. A significant reduction of this activity was observed in @entity3 . a) The germinal centers were reduced in number and size; new formation in the medulla was rarely seen. Lymphoid cells showed lowering of mitotic index and mitotic rate and prolongation of mitotic duration and turnover time. Nuclear labeling with @entity1 was focal and localized to the peripheral zone. b) Mitotic activity and nuclear labeling were less pronounced in the outer cortex and medulla and least in the paracortical area. Specific uptake of @entity1 paralleled the low labeling index. c) No appreciable reduction in the number of plasma cells in the medulla was observed. Serum gamma-globulin levels were not significantly altered, but albumin levels were consistently reduced. This was suggestive of preferential preservation of plasma cell activity in the malnourished host. d) There were significant @entity5 and @entity4 with relative increase of neutrophils in the peripheral blood. This might indicate more severe involvement of lymphopoiesis than myelopoiesis in @entity6 .

title: Lymphopoiesis in @entity3 . Stathmokinetic and tritiated thymidine uptake studies of the mesenteric lymph node of the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In view of the @entity0 immunity in @entity6 , an assessment of the lymphoproliferative activity of the constantly stimulated mesenteric lymph node of the @entity2 was undertaken. A significant reduction of this activity was observed in @entity3 . a) The germinal centers were reduced in number and size; new formation in the medulla was rarely seen. Lymphoid cells showed lowering of mitotic index and mitotic rate and prolongation of mitotic duration and turnover time. Nuclear labeling with @entity1 was focal and localized to the peripheral zone. b) Mitotic activity and nuclear labeling were less pronounced in the outer cortex and medulla and least in the paracortical area. Specific uptake of @entity1 paralleled the low labeling index. c) No appreciable reduction in the number of plasma cells in the medulla was observed. Serum gamma-globulin levels were not significantly altered, but albumin levels were consistently reduced. This was suggestive of preferential preservation of plasma cell activity in the malnourished host. d) There were significant @entity5 and @entity4 with relative increase of neutrophils in the peripheral blood. This might indicate more severe involvement of lymphopoiesis than myelopoiesis in @entity6 .

title: Lymphopoiesis in XXXX . Stathmokinetic and tritiated thymidine uptake studies of the mesenteric lymph node of the @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence of focal @entity2 (FCPLs) among @entity0 undergoing computed tomographic (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at one institution and to examine any variation in radiologists' recommendation practice pattern with regards to FCPLs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Institutional review board approval was obtained for this retrospective HIPPA-compliant study. The requirement to obtain informed consent was waived. A cohort of @entity0 with FCPLs was identified from radiology reports by using natural language processing. @entity0 -specific (ie, age, sex, symptoms, history of @entity4 ), radiologist-specific (ie, years of experience, area of expertise), and FCPL-specific (ie, size, location, septation, @entity3 , mural nodularity, pancreatic duct involvement, and presence of @entity1 ) variables were obtained. The outcome measure was whether a follow-up study was recommended. A logistic regression model was used to identify relative recommendation rates after controlling for key explanatory variables. RESULTS: Between January 1 and December 31, 2009, a total of 1067 FCPLs were identified in 765 @entity0 . Prevalence rates ranged from 2.2% at CT to 15.9% at MR imaging. Radiologists recommended a follow-up imaging study in 23.7% of cases of a FCPL. A 2.8-fold difference in the rate of recommendation of further imaging existed across radiologists after controlling for explanatory variables such as lesion-, radiologist-, and @entity0 -specific characteristics. A history of @entity4 was associated with a nearly two-fold decrease in recommending further imaging. CONCLUSION: FCPLs are common, and nearly one-quarter of radiology reports recommend at least one follow-up imaging study. Significant variation exists in the rate of recommendation for further imaging studies by radiologists, even after controlling for key explanatory variables.

title: Focal XXXX : assessing variation in radiologists' management recommendations.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: More than 20,000 responders have been examined through the World Trade Center (WTC) Medical Monitoring and Treatment Program since September 11, 2001. Studies on WTC firefighters have shown elevated rates of @entity2 . The main objective of this study was to report the incidence of "sarcoid like" @entity1 in other WTC responders. METHODS: Cases of sarcoid like @entity1 were identified by: @entity0 self-report, physician report and ICD-9 codes. Each case was evaluated by three pulmonologists using the ACCESS criteria and only "definite" cases are reported. RESULTS: Thirty-eight @entity0 were classified as "definite" cases. Six-year incidence was 192/100,000. The peak annual incidence of 54 per 100,000 @entity0 -years occurred between 9/11/2003 and 9/11/2004. Incidence in black responders was nearly double that of white responders. Low FVC was the most common spirometric abnormality. CONCLUSIONS: Sarcoid like @entity1 is present among the WTC responders. While the incidence is lower than that reported among firefighters, it is higher than expected.

title: "Sarcoid like" XXXX in World Trade Center disaster responders.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The fluorogenic @entity4 reagent @entity7 (CNBFz) reacts with @entity3 to give one of two products, or a mixture, depending on the concentration of @entity4 . At low concentrations (e.g. 5 X 10(-4) M) of unprotonated @entity4 the normal replacement of the @entity1 occurs, giving lambdamax approximately 470 nm. At high concentration of unprotonated @entity4 (e.g. 0.5 M), a new product, lambdamax approximately 380 nm, is produced. At intermediate concentrations, both products are seen. These results were obtained with aqueous @entity0 , @entity5 and @entity8 , and with @entity8 in dry @entity2 . The 380 nm product also is obtained with high local concentrations of @entity3 , such as with [lys]n at pH 8.5-10 and micellar @entity6 at pH 9.5. These results are suggested to be analogous to those of very primitive proto-enzyme systems, by which clusters of small molecules can produce quantitative changes in "metabolism". Reaction of CNBFz with gelatin gave qualitative evidence for cross-linking.

title: New reaction of @entity7 with XXXX at high local concentrations. Primitive enzyme models.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The fluorogenic @entity4 reagent @entity7 (CNBFz) reacts with @entity3 to give one of two products, or a mixture, depending on the concentration of @entity4 . At low concentrations (e.g. 5 X 10(-4) M) of unprotonated @entity4 the normal replacement of the @entity1 occurs, giving lambdamax approximately 470 nm. At high concentration of unprotonated @entity4 (e.g. 0.5 M), a new product, lambdamax approximately 380 nm, is produced. At intermediate concentrations, both products are seen. These results were obtained with aqueous @entity0 , @entity5 and @entity8 , and with @entity8 in dry @entity2 . The 380 nm product also is obtained with high local concentrations of @entity3 , such as with [lys]n at pH 8.5-10 and micellar @entity6 at pH 9.5. These results are suggested to be analogous to those of very primitive proto-enzyme systems, by which clusters of small molecules can produce quantitative changes in "metabolism". Reaction of CNBFz with gelatin gave qualitative evidence for cross-linking.

title: New reaction of XXXX with @entity3 at high local concentrations. Primitive enzyme models.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Forty-six @entity0 with @entity1 underwent metacarpophalangeal-joint arthroplasty of the index through little fingers on 210 joints in fifty-five hands using the Swanson-design @entity3 -rubber spacer. The @entity0 were followed for two to eight years (average, five and one-quarter years). They were evaluated both preoperatively and postoperatively for range of motion, deformity, subjective sense, grip strength, and prehension. In the initial postoperative evaluation, the majority of @entity0 expressed a strong subjective impression of improvement. Ulnar drift improved from the preoperative average of 25 degrees to less than 5 degrees. The preoperative average extension deficit decreased from 56 to 10 degrees, while the average range of motion increased from 17 to 51 degrees. In the long-term postoperative evaluation, the average ulnar drift had increased to 12 degrees, the average extension deficit had increased to 22 degrees, and the average range of motion had decreased to 39 degrees. Grip strength and prehension did not significantly improve at either evaluation. There were no fractures of the prosthesis and no @entity0 had @entity2 . We have found the procedure to be useful for the correction of deformity, increasing range of motion of the fingers, and improving the @entity0 's sense of well-being.

title: XXXX -rubber implant arthroplasty of the metacarpophalangeal joints for @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Forty-six @entity0 with @entity1 underwent metacarpophalangeal-joint arthroplasty of the index through little fingers on 210 joints in fifty-five hands using the Swanson-design @entity3 -rubber spacer. The @entity0 were followed for two to eight years (average, five and one-quarter years). They were evaluated both preoperatively and postoperatively for range of motion, deformity, subjective sense, grip strength, and prehension. In the initial postoperative evaluation, the majority of @entity0 expressed a strong subjective impression of improvement. Ulnar drift improved from the preoperative average of 25 degrees to less than 5 degrees. The preoperative average extension deficit decreased from 56 to 10 degrees, while the average range of motion increased from 17 to 51 degrees. In the long-term postoperative evaluation, the average ulnar drift had increased to 12 degrees, the average extension deficit had increased to 22 degrees, and the average range of motion had decreased to 39 degrees. Grip strength and prehension did not significantly improve at either evaluation. There were no fractures of the prosthesis and no @entity0 had @entity2 . We have found the procedure to be useful for the correction of deformity, increasing range of motion of the fingers, and improving the @entity0 's sense of well-being.

title: @entity3 -rubber implant arthroplasty of the metacarpophalangeal joints for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The relative importance of ACTH and the @entity3 angiotensin system for control of @entity5 was studied in eight @entity0 with adenomatous primary (APA) and four with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Plasma @entity5 (PA) and @entity2 (PC) were measured in blood collected during the night at 15-min intervals between 0500--0800 h by integrated sampling on day 1 and in casual samples during the daytime while @entity0 were in the upright and in the supine position (days 1 and 2, at 1200, 1600, and 2000 h). PRA was measured in all daytime samples. On days 3, 4, and 5, 2 mg @entity1 were given, and the same protocol for blood sampling was repeated on days 4 and 5. During the night, mean PA in @entity4 @entity0 was markedly lower than that in APA @entity0 . PA @entity0 correlated with PC in both groups. @entity1 reduced the mean nocturnal PA in both groups to equal proportions. In the daytime, the mean recumbent PA in @entity4 @entity0 was also significantly lower than that in APA @entity0 but was equal in both groups while subjects were in the upright posture. Daytime PA significantly correlated with PC in APA @entity0 and with PRA in @entity4 @entity0 . During upright posture, @entity1 did not reduce daytime PA in either group. In the supine position, @entity1 reduced daytime PA values in APA but not in @entity4 @entity0 . Thus, short time fluctuations of PA during the night are equally influenced by ACTH in APA and @entity4 @entity0 , though at markedly different levels of @entity5 production. During the daytime, the influence of ACTH on PA remains apparent in the group with APA. However, the @entity3 -angiotensin system seems to play a predominant role in the control of PA during the daytime in @entity0 with @entity4 . During @entity1 and ACTH suppression, PA in APA @entity0 rises in response to upright posture as it does in @entity4 @entity0 .

title: Nocturnal, daytime, and postural changes of plasma @entity5 before and during @entity1 in adenomatous and XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The relative importance of ACTH and the @entity3 angiotensin system for control of @entity5 was studied in eight @entity0 with adenomatous primary (APA) and four with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Plasma @entity5 (PA) and @entity2 (PC) were measured in blood collected during the night at 15-min intervals between 0500--0800 h by integrated sampling on day 1 and in casual samples during the daytime while @entity0 were in the upright and in the supine position (days 1 and 2, at 1200, 1600, and 2000 h). PRA was measured in all daytime samples. On days 3, 4, and 5, 2 mg @entity1 were given, and the same protocol for blood sampling was repeated on days 4 and 5. During the night, mean PA in @entity4 @entity0 was markedly lower than that in APA @entity0 . PA @entity0 correlated with PC in both groups. @entity1 reduced the mean nocturnal PA in both groups to equal proportions. In the daytime, the mean recumbent PA in @entity4 @entity0 was also significantly lower than that in APA @entity0 but was equal in both groups while subjects were in the upright posture. Daytime PA significantly correlated with PC in APA @entity0 and with PRA in @entity4 @entity0 . During upright posture, @entity1 did not reduce daytime PA in either group. In the supine position, @entity1 reduced daytime PA values in APA but not in @entity4 @entity0 . Thus, short time fluctuations of PA during the night are equally influenced by ACTH in APA and @entity4 @entity0 , though at markedly different levels of @entity5 production. During the daytime, the influence of ACTH on PA remains apparent in the group with APA. However, the @entity3 -angiotensin system seems to play a predominant role in the control of PA during the daytime in @entity0 with @entity4 . During @entity1 and ACTH suppression, PA in APA @entity0 rises in response to upright posture as it does in @entity4 @entity0 .

title: Nocturnal, daytime, and postural changes of plasma @entity5 before and during XXXX in adenomatous and @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The relative importance of ACTH and the @entity3 angiotensin system for control of @entity5 was studied in eight @entity0 with adenomatous primary (APA) and four with @entity4 ( @entity4 ). Plasma @entity5 (PA) and @entity2 (PC) were measured in blood collected during the night at 15-min intervals between 0500--0800 h by integrated sampling on day 1 and in casual samples during the daytime while @entity0 were in the upright and in the supine position (days 1 and 2, at 1200, 1600, and 2000 h). PRA was measured in all daytime samples. On days 3, 4, and 5, 2 mg @entity1 were given, and the same protocol for blood sampling was repeated on days 4 and 5. During the night, mean PA in @entity4 @entity0 was markedly lower than that in APA @entity0 . PA @entity0 correlated with PC in both groups. @entity1 reduced the mean nocturnal PA in both groups to equal proportions. In the daytime, the mean recumbent PA in @entity4 @entity0 was also significantly lower than that in APA @entity0 but was equal in both groups while subjects were in the upright posture. Daytime PA significantly correlated with PC in APA @entity0 and with PRA in @entity4 @entity0 . During upright posture, @entity1 did not reduce daytime PA in either group. In the supine position, @entity1 reduced daytime PA values in APA but not in @entity4 @entity0 . Thus, short time fluctuations of PA during the night are equally influenced by ACTH in APA and @entity4 @entity0 , though at markedly different levels of @entity5 production. During the daytime, the influence of ACTH on PA remains apparent in the group with APA. However, the @entity3 -angiotensin system seems to play a predominant role in the control of PA during the daytime in @entity0 with @entity4 . During @entity1 and ACTH suppression, PA in APA @entity0 rises in response to upright posture as it does in @entity4 @entity0 .

title: Nocturnal, daytime, and postural changes of plasma XXXX before and during @entity1 in adenomatous and @entity4 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: One hundred eleven impotent @entity0 and 25 potent @entity0 were prospectively evaluated with a standardized exercise treadmill test (SETT) used to noninvasively define their pelvic hemodynamics. Fifty-six @entity0 had @entity2 , whereas the remaining 55 had @entity1 resulting from undetermined causes (31), psychogenic factors (10), or other identifiable reasons (14). Arteriography was performed on 40 (71%) of the @entity0 with @entity2 without false positive results, as well as in 11 (44%) of the potent control @entity0 and in six (11%) of the @entity0 with nonvasculogenic @entity1 without false negative results, confirming the validity of the SETT. The distinction between vasculogenic and nonvasculogenic @entity1 can be accurately made with the SETT. @entity0 with @entity2 had a resting penile-brachial index (PBI) equal to 0.60 +/- 0.022 (mean +/- SEM) and a PBI after exercise equal to 0.45 +/- 0.019 with a fall in the mean PBI of -0.15 (p less than 0.001). @entity0 with nonvasculogenic @entity1 had a resting PBI equal to 0.80 +/- 0.024 and a PBI after exercise equal to 0.88 +/- 0.019 with a rise in mean PBI of 0.08 (p less than 0.001). This response was not significantly different between the control group and the nonvasculogenic @entity1 @entity0 . The addition of PBI determinations after treadmill exercise revealed that 18% of the @entity0 with @entity2 would have been incorrectly diagnosed, because their resting PBI was greater than the traditional standard of 0.70. Furthermore, 18% of the @entity0 with nonvasculogenic @entity1 would have been incorrectly diagnosed as having @entity2 because their resting PBI was less than 0.70.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The noninvasive diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Five @entity0 between 10 and 46 years old were reviewed after a latissimus dorsi muscle transfer to restore @entity3 . @entity1 resulted from traumatic @entity2 in all five @entity0 . All had some weakness in other muscle groups in the upper extremity. The follow-up period was from 25 to 68 months (average = 39.4 months). A range of motion of 0 degrees/115 degrees, 10 degrees/100 degrees, 0 degrees/110 degrees, 0 degrees/70 degrees was obtained. After the transfer, three @entity0 could supinate the forearm, and supination of 90 degrees, 15 degrees, and 10 degrees was measured. Two @entity0 could lift 4 lb, while two others could lift 1 and 1.5 lb, respectively. Evaluation of activities of daily living by a standardized test revealed disappointing results. The two @entity0 with less than 90 degrees @entity3 had initial paralysis of the latissimus dorsi muscle at the time of injury. This procedure should not be done unless the latissimus dorsi muscle is normal.

title: Latissimus dorsi muscle transfer for restoration of XXXX after brachial plexus disruption.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Between 1977 and 1979, 34 consecutive, unselected @entity0 had a reversal of tubal sterilization. The characteristics of 23 @entity0 with more than a 6-month follow-up after end-to-end @entity1 are given, as are details of the operative procedures used. The overall intrauterine pregnancy rate was 56%, and the most reversible sterilization procedures, in terms of intrauterine pregnancies, were the Pomeroy, Uchida, and @entity2 (67%). The least reversible were unipolar tubal cautery (42%) and fimbriectomy (50%). Eleven @entity0 had a microsurgical procedure (with the microscope) and 12 a gross surgical procedure. The use of the microscope was not associated with a significantly better pregnancy rate in cases matched for poststerilization tubal length, proximal and distal to the uterus. But insufficient numbers of tubal cautery reversals have been performed for an evaluation of the use of the microscope in this particular situation. The site of the @entity1 and the postoperative length of the tube were good predictors of intrauterine pregnancies. Five of six @entity0 who had isthmus-isthmus anastomoses on at least one side had term vaginal deliveries. Likewise, 10 of 16 @entity0 in whom the length of the longest tube was 6 cm or more had viable pregnancies, but only one of seven @entity0 had a viable pregnancy with tubes of 5 cm or less.

title: Reversal of female sterilization: comparison of microsurgical and gross surgical techniques for tubal XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In 10 @entity0 with @entity5 , the @entity1 exhibited hyperdensity on computerized tomography (CT) scanning prior to contrast infusion and, with one exception, all @entity1 were @entity3 with the low densities suggesting @entity2 . Eighty percent of the @entity1 contained small calcifications. Characteristically, the @entity1 were well demarcated and demonstrated moderate to marked enhancement after the intravenous administration of contrast material. Angiograms obtained in some @entity0 showed mild @entity1 staining and absence of large feeding arteries. The degree of contrast enhancement, angiographic vascularity, and @entity1 stain was compared to the pathological anaplasia of the @entity1 . No correlation was observed. Of four @entity0 who were still alive during a follow-up period of 4 years or longer, three had recurrences with inoperable @entity1 ; the remaining @entity0 is without recurrence after craniospinal radiation. This same @entity0 belonged to a group of five @entity0 with a diagnosis of high-grade @entity5 , four of whom had recurrence. Follow-up CT accurately recorded the clinical course of each @entity0 . Annual routine follow-up examinations are proposed for @entity0 with @entity4 , and for those with high-grade @entity5 follow-up CT should be performed every 6 months. The characteristic appearance and behavior of these @entity1 include several distinctive features on angiographic and CT images.

title: XXXX . Neuroimaging and clinicopathological correlation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: We studied @entity0 with @entity2 affecting the colon to characterize disease behavior and to determine whether such @entity0 might be candidates for sphincter-sparing surgery. METHODS: Ninety-two consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 were studied prospectively. Mean follow-up after diagnosis was 82 (range, 6-291) months. Parameters that were evaluated included previous surgery for @entity2 , granulomatous vs. @entity4 , extent of colonic involvement, and presence or absence of @entity4 . The clinical course of the disease and postoperative outcome were evaluated. The outcome of @entity2 @entity0 who underwent ileal pouch-anal @entity5 for presumed @entity3 was also evaluated. RESULTS: There were 39 @entity0 with @entity2 and 53 @entity0 without @entity6 . There was no statistical difference in the age of diagnosis or presence of small-bowel (23 vs. 27 percent), ileocolic (34 vs. 30 percent), or perineal (36 vs. 22 percent) disease in these @entity0 . At initial presentation, 88 percent of @entity0 with pancolitis had @entity8 alone without other sites of @entity7 compared with only 37 percent of @entity0 with segmental @entity8 (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity0 with segmental @entity8 at presentation have a significantly higher recurrence when compared with @entity0 without @entity6 and @entity0 with pancolitis (P < 0.03). Thirteen @entity0 without @entity6 and eight with @entity6 underwent ileal pouch-anal @entity5 . Seven @entity0 (3 with @entity6 , 4 without @entity6 ) had a recurrence of @entity2 in the ileal pouch; 2 required pouch removal and permanent diversion for fistulizing disease in the ileal pouch and 5 were successfully treated conservatively without surgery. CONCLUSION: The presence of @entity6 and segmental involvement of the colon in @entity0 with @entity2 may reflect a more virulent clinical course. Ileal pouch-anal @entity5 may be considered as an option in select @entity0 with @entity2 without @entity1 . Based on our data, @entity0 with nongranulomatous pancolitis may be better candidates for sphincter-sparing surgery.

title: Characterization and clinical behavior of XXXX initially presenting predominantly as @entity8 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: We studied @entity0 with @entity2 affecting the colon to characterize disease behavior and to determine whether such @entity0 might be candidates for sphincter-sparing surgery. METHODS: Ninety-two consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 were studied prospectively. Mean follow-up after diagnosis was 82 (range, 6-291) months. Parameters that were evaluated included previous surgery for @entity2 , granulomatous vs. @entity4 , extent of colonic involvement, and presence or absence of @entity4 . The clinical course of the disease and postoperative outcome were evaluated. The outcome of @entity2 @entity0 who underwent ileal pouch-anal @entity5 for presumed @entity3 was also evaluated. RESULTS: There were 39 @entity0 with @entity2 and 53 @entity0 without @entity6 . There was no statistical difference in the age of diagnosis or presence of small-bowel (23 vs. 27 percent), ileocolic (34 vs. 30 percent), or perineal (36 vs. 22 percent) disease in these @entity0 . At initial presentation, 88 percent of @entity0 with pancolitis had @entity8 alone without other sites of @entity7 compared with only 37 percent of @entity0 with segmental @entity8 (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity0 with segmental @entity8 at presentation have a significantly higher recurrence when compared with @entity0 without @entity6 and @entity0 with pancolitis (P < 0.03). Thirteen @entity0 without @entity6 and eight with @entity6 underwent ileal pouch-anal @entity5 . Seven @entity0 (3 with @entity6 , 4 without @entity6 ) had a recurrence of @entity2 in the ileal pouch; 2 required pouch removal and permanent diversion for fistulizing disease in the ileal pouch and 5 were successfully treated conservatively without surgery. CONCLUSION: The presence of @entity6 and segmental involvement of the colon in @entity0 with @entity2 may reflect a more virulent clinical course. Ileal pouch-anal @entity5 may be considered as an option in select @entity0 with @entity2 without @entity1 . Based on our data, @entity0 with nongranulomatous pancolitis may be better candidates for sphincter-sparing surgery.

title: Characterization and clinical behavior of @entity2 initially presenting predominantly as XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a chronic, inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, believed to be triggered by an autoimmune reaction to myelin. Recently, a fundamentally different pathomechanism termed 'chronic @entity3 ' (CCSVI) was proposed, provoking significant attention in the media and scientific community. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 @entity0 (mean age 42.2    13.3 years; median Extended Disability Status Scale 3.0, range 0-6.5) were compared with 20 healthy controls. Extra- and intracranial venous flow direction was assessed by colour-coded duplex sonography, and extracranial venous cross-sectional area (VCSA) of the internal jugular and vertebral veins (IJV/VV) was measured in B-mode to assess the five previously proposed CCSVI criteria. IJV-VCSA  <= 0.3 cm(2) indicated ' @entity2 ,' and IJV-VCSA decrease from supine to upright position 'reverted postural control.' The sonographer, data analyser and statistician were blinded to the @entity0 /control status of the @entity0 . RESULTS: No @entity0 showed retrograde flow of cervical or intracranial veins. IJV-VCSA  <= 0.3 cm(2) was found in 13 @entity1 @entity0 versus 16 controls (p=0.48). A decrease in IJV-VCSA from supine to upright position was observed in all @entity0 , but this denotes a physiological finding. No @entity1 @entity0 and one control had undetectable IJV flow despite deep inspiration (p=0.49). Only one healthy control and no @entity1 @entity0 fulfilled at least two criteria for CCSVI. CONCLUSIONS: This triple-blinded extra- and transcranial duplex sonographic assessment of cervical and cerebral veins does not provide supportive evidence for the presence of CCSVI in @entity1 @entity0 . The findings cast serious doubt on the concept of CCSVI in @entity1 .

title: The perfect crime? CCSVI not leaving a trace in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Abnormal radiographic densities in the midportion of the chest are most commonly caused by @entity1 , cysts, or @entity2 . However, @entity5 may present an identical x-ray appearance, with no distinguishing clinical history or physical findings. The cardiothoracic surgeon must be aware of this similarity in order to ensure the most appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic approach. In our experience, the most frequent problem in differential diagnosis is a lesion of the thoracic aorta or its arch branches simulating @entity1 . Nine such cases are presented, with pertinent conventional radiographs angiograms, and computed tomographic (CT) scans. These are considered in anatomic sequence: (1) ruptured sinus of @entity4 ; (2) ascending aortic @entity4 ; (3) tortuosity or @entity4 of the innominate and subclavian arteries; (4) transverse arch @entity4 ; (5) pseudocoarctation; and (6) descending aortic @entity4 . Such @entity5 must be considered early in the evaluation of any juxta-aortic chest density, particularly if the @entity0 is @entity3 and has other manifestations of @entity7 . Angiography and computed tomography establish the diagnosis in most instances, although both are less reliable when @entity6 fills all or part of an @entity4 . If these methods fail to establish a vascular origin, the possibility of @entity1 is pursued. When neither a vascular nor neoplastic origin can be proved, surgical exploration is indicated in the otherwise good-risk @entity0 .

title: Lesions of the thoracic aorta and its arch branches simulating XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, safety, and timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the management of mild to moderate cases of @entity7 . METHODS: The medical records of 158 @entity0 admitted to Riyadh Medical Complex, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) from July 1998 to December 2001 were retrospectively reviewed. Acute @entity9 was diagnosed in @entity0 who presented with @entity6 with serum amylase level 3 times the normal limits in the absence of @entity13 or @entity5 and presence of @entity15 on ultrasonography. Severity of the disease was assessed using Atlanta Symposium criteria. Preoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) was performed in 106 @entity0 (74.6%) on selective basis. One hundred and eighteen @entity0 underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy after clinical and biochemical resolution of the attack. Standard 4 ports technique was used. Intraoperative and postoperative morbidity and mortality, and postoperative hospital stay were reported. RESULTS: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed in 118 @entity0 and it was possible in 110 cases (93.2%) after 3-8 days of admission. Preoperative ERCP was performed in 106 @entity0 of mild to moderate @entity7 and common duct stones were retrieved in 19 cases (18%). The procedure was converted to open in 8 cases (6.7%). @entity2 were @entity3 and @entity4 in 10, @entity10 in 8, @entity14 in 3, and prolonged ileus in 2. The wound complication occurred in 4. One @entity0 who had @entity12 due to @entity12 at CBD junction was treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy plus stenting and another @entity0 had partial @entity1 repaired primarily over a T-tube. Mean postoperative hospital stay was 2.4 days. One @entity0 died due to uncontrolled @entity11 and @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be safely performed for mild to moderate @entity7 after clinical and biochemical resolution of the attack during the same admission with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates. This strategy will lead to reducing the recurring @entity7 , number of admissions and hospital stay.

title: Outcome of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: MethodologyA purposive sample of large NHS dental practices with a minimum of three surgeries employing at least one hygiene-therapist (HT) was taken. Asymptomatic @entity0 attending for routine checkups who consented to the study underwent a screen by @entity2 -T for @entity1 (index test) followed by a screen by a general dental practitioner (reference test). @entity0 were recruited consecutively. @entity2 -Ts and dentists attended a compulsory training day, which covered recruitment, consenting, screening process, calibration using stock photographs and @entity0 record form completion. Diagnostic threshold for caries was any tooth in the @entity0 's mouth that showed evidence of @entity3 or shadowing and opacity that would indicate dental caries into the dentine. The diagnostic threshold for periodontal disease was any pocket in the @entity0 's mouth where the black-band of a basic periodontal examination (BPE) probe (3.5 to 5.5 mm) partially or totally disappeared (ie BPE code 3). The index test was compared with the reference test to determine true-positive, false-positive, false-negative and true-negative values. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic odds ratios are shown in Table 1.ResultsEighteen hundred and ninety-nine @entity0 consented to dental screening with 996 @entity0 being randomly allocated to see the dentist first and 903 @entity2 -T first. The time interval between the index and reference test never exceeded 21 minutes. With the exception of two practices failing to collect data on smoking and dentures there were no missing results regarding the outcome of a positive or negative screening decision. No adverse events were reported. Mean screening time was five min 25 s for @entity2 -Ts and four min 26 s for dentists. Dentists identified 668 @entity0 with caries (Prevalence of 0.35) while @entity2 -Ts classified 548 positive and correctly identified 1,047 of the 1,231 @entity0 with no caries. Dentists identified 1074 @entity0 with at least one pocket exceeding 3.5 mm in depth. Of these 935 were correctly identified by the @entity2 -Ts. For the 825 screened as negative by the dentist @entity2 -Ts correctly identified 621.ConclusionsThe results suggest that hygiene-therapists could be used to screen for @entity1 . This has important ramifications for service design in public-funded health systems.

title: Hygiene-therapists could be used to screen for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We undertook to identify levels for plasma b isomerised @entity6 -terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (p-bCTX-I) that are comparable to currently used urine @entity5 -terminal telopeptides of type I collagen (u-NTX) cut-points and treatment targets in @entity1 . DESIGN AND METHODS: Fasting morning samples were collected from @entity0 attending tertiary hospitals and clinics for investigation of @entity7 . @entity0 with @entity8 or <20years of age were excluded. Second void spot urine for NTX and plasma (EDTA) samples were utilised. Urine was analysed routinely and plasma stored at -20C until analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Immunodiagnostic Systems plc), E170 (Roche Diagnostics) and IDS-iSYS (Immunodiagnostic Systems plc) methods. The relationship of u-NTX with each p-bCTX-I method's results was assessed by Passing and Bablok regression, and p-bCTX-I levels equivalent to u-NTX cut-points and targets were interpolated. RESULTS: One hundred and forty six @entity0 were included. Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from 0.71 to 0.75 for the three bCTX-I assays. The equivalent bCTX-I concentrations for NTX/ @entity9 values of 21 ( @entity2 risk reduction target following @entity4 therapy), 27 (healthy pre-menopausal @entity0 's mean value), and 38 (threshold for reduction of BMD on @entity3 alone) nmol BCE/mmol were 230, 312 and 462ng/L for the automated Roche assay and 271, 395 and 624ng/L for the automated IDS i-SYS assay respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The p-bCTX-I equivalent to the only available @entity2 outcome based absolute treatment threshold of 21nmol BCE/mmol established for u-NTX, is close to 250ng/L but will vary between p-bCTX-I assays.

title: Comparison of clinical cut-points and treatment targets for urine NTX and plasma bCTX-I in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Flow-mediated vasodilatation of brachial arteries, a non-invasive parameter of endothelial function, is correlated with cardiovascular risk factors. An impairment of flow-mediated vasodilatation in the brachial artery is related to the extent of @entity3 . AIMS: The authors examined the relationship between flow-mediated vasodilatation and @entity3 morphology in young @entity0 who had @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: 28 young @entity0 (all @entity0 ) with @entity4 (age 22-40, mean age: 35 years). Coronarography revealed one @entity1 in 16 @entity0 (A group) and multivessel disease in 12 @entity0 (B group). The control group was 14 healthy, young @entity0 (age 18-36 years mean age: 30 years) (C group). The authors examined in all subjects flow-mediated, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation following reactive hyperaemia and @entity5 induced (NTG), endothelium-independent vasodilatation in the brachial artery with high resolution ultrasound (Acuson 128 X P/10). RESULTS: @entity0 after @entity4 showed @entity2 compared to those of controls. (p < 0.01). Flow-mediated vasodilatation was @entity1 compare to one @entity1 . @entity5 induced similar degrees of vasodilatation in the @entity4 and control groups. CONCLUSION: Young @entity0 with @entity4 may have impaired endothelium-dependent dilatation and the decrease of flow-mediated vasodilatation is related to the angiographic extent of @entity3 .

title: [Endothelium-dependent and independent vasodilation in young males with previous XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was designed to investigate the correlation between the clinicopathologic characteristics and the recurrence pattern of @entity2 and to define survival difference according to treatment modality after diagnosis of recurrence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 4184 @entity0 who had undergone radical surgery for primary @entity2 from 1986 through 1996. Clinicopathologic factors were analyzed for the relationship of each factor with the pattern of recurrence. And the survival after diagnosis of recurrence was compared among the treatment modalities. RESULTS: Recurrence pattern was confirmed in 1141 @entity0 . Loco-regional recurrence occurred in 291 @entity0 (20.1%), peritoneal recurrence in 383 (26.5%), distant recurrence in 290 (20.1%), and mixed recurrence in 177 (12.3%), respectively. Early recurrence (less than 2 years) occurred in 767 (69.3%), intermediate recurrence (2~5 years) in 286 (25.8%), and late recurrence (more than 5 years) in 54 (4.9%). In multivariate analysis, T stage, N stage, size of @entity1 and perineural invasion were independent prognostic factors for recurrence. Median survival from diagnosis of recurrence was 24.2 months in the curative operation group, 7.7 months in the chemotherapy group, 7.1 months in the non-curative operation group and 3.3 months in the conservative treatment group, respectively (p=0.000). CONCLUSION: The clinicopathological analysis of recurrent @entity2 showed recurrent patterns and prognostic factors. Curative resection is suggested to have survival benefit in recurrent @entity2 @entity0 , although it was possible in @entity0 with limited extent of disease.

title: A Clinicopathological Analysis of Recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity3 of a @entity2 , UFT-E, @entity10 combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced @entity8 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 <=70 years, with no prior chemotherapy and with bidimensionally measurable advanced @entity8 , ECOG performance status <=2, and adequate bone marrow, kidney, and liver function were eligible for this trial. Eligibility criteria for clinical benefit assessment were @entity4 with at least a daily analgesic consumption of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or a Karnofsky performance status between 50 and 70. Treatment consisted of 1,000 mg/m2 of @entity2 on days 1, 8 and 15, repeated every 4 weeks, with UFT-E administered orally 500 mg-700 mg by body surface area (BSA). @entity10 was administered 45 mg/day orally. Dosages of UFT-E and @entity10 were divided and administered three times per day from day 1 to day 21. After 7 days of rest, UFT-E and @entity10 were administered repeatedly. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity0 were enrolled between April 1999 to April 2000. Eighty two cycles (median, four cycles) were delivered to all @entity0 . The objective response rate was 15.8% in 19 assessable @entity0 and 13.0% in the intent-to-treat population. Twelve @entity0 (57.9%) displayed stable disease. Grade 3 or 4 @entity9 occurred in 30.4% of @entity0 , @entity6 / @entity7 in 8.3%, @entity5 in 4.3%, and @entity1 in 4.3%. The median time to progression was 8 months. The median survival was 8 months in the assessable population and 6 months in the intent-to-treat population Clinical benefit was achieved in 11 (57.9%) of 19 assessable @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity2 , UFT-E, @entity10 combination chemotherapy is a well-tolerated and safe regimen in cases of advanced @entity8 . Although the response rate is low, it shows a survival benefit and clinical benefit and deserves further evaluation in a phase III trial.

title: Phase II Trial of @entity2 , UFT-E, @entity10 Combination Chemotherapy in Advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity3 of a @entity2 , UFT-E, @entity10 combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced @entity8 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 <=70 years, with no prior chemotherapy and with bidimensionally measurable advanced @entity8 , ECOG performance status <=2, and adequate bone marrow, kidney, and liver function were eligible for this trial. Eligibility criteria for clinical benefit assessment were @entity4 with at least a daily analgesic consumption of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or a Karnofsky performance status between 50 and 70. Treatment consisted of 1,000 mg/m2 of @entity2 on days 1, 8 and 15, repeated every 4 weeks, with UFT-E administered orally 500 mg-700 mg by body surface area (BSA). @entity10 was administered 45 mg/day orally. Dosages of UFT-E and @entity10 were divided and administered three times per day from day 1 to day 21. After 7 days of rest, UFT-E and @entity10 were administered repeatedly. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity0 were enrolled between April 1999 to April 2000. Eighty two cycles (median, four cycles) were delivered to all @entity0 . The objective response rate was 15.8% in 19 assessable @entity0 and 13.0% in the intent-to-treat population. Twelve @entity0 (57.9%) displayed stable disease. Grade 3 or 4 @entity9 occurred in 30.4% of @entity0 , @entity6 / @entity7 in 8.3%, @entity5 in 4.3%, and @entity1 in 4.3%. The median time to progression was 8 months. The median survival was 8 months in the assessable population and 6 months in the intent-to-treat population Clinical benefit was achieved in 11 (57.9%) of 19 assessable @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity2 , UFT-E, @entity10 combination chemotherapy is a well-tolerated and safe regimen in cases of advanced @entity8 . Although the response rate is low, it shows a survival benefit and clinical benefit and deserves further evaluation in a phase III trial.

title: Phase II Trial of @entity2 , UFT-E, XXXX Combination Chemotherapy in Advanced @entity8 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity3 of a @entity2 , UFT-E, @entity10 combination chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced @entity8 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 <=70 years, with no prior chemotherapy and with bidimensionally measurable advanced @entity8 , ECOG performance status <=2, and adequate bone marrow, kidney, and liver function were eligible for this trial. Eligibility criteria for clinical benefit assessment were @entity4 with at least a daily analgesic consumption of two nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or a Karnofsky performance status between 50 and 70. Treatment consisted of 1,000 mg/m2 of @entity2 on days 1, 8 and 15, repeated every 4 weeks, with UFT-E administered orally 500 mg-700 mg by body surface area (BSA). @entity10 was administered 45 mg/day orally. Dosages of UFT-E and @entity10 were divided and administered three times per day from day 1 to day 21. After 7 days of rest, UFT-E and @entity10 were administered repeatedly. RESULTS: Twenty-three @entity0 were enrolled between April 1999 to April 2000. Eighty two cycles (median, four cycles) were delivered to all @entity0 . The objective response rate was 15.8% in 19 assessable @entity0 and 13.0% in the intent-to-treat population. Twelve @entity0 (57.9%) displayed stable disease. Grade 3 or 4 @entity9 occurred in 30.4% of @entity0 , @entity6 / @entity7 in 8.3%, @entity5 in 4.3%, and @entity1 in 4.3%. The median time to progression was 8 months. The median survival was 8 months in the assessable population and 6 months in the intent-to-treat population Clinical benefit was achieved in 11 (57.9%) of 19 assessable @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity2 , UFT-E, @entity10 combination chemotherapy is a well-tolerated and safe regimen in cases of advanced @entity8 . Although the response rate is low, it shows a survival benefit and clinical benefit and deserves further evaluation in a phase III trial.

title: Phase II Trial of XXXX , UFT-E, @entity10 Combination Chemotherapy in Advanced @entity8 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has a poor prognosis, and current salvage chemotherapy for refractory @entity2 , such as @entity11 ( @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity7 ) or @entity8 , has an unsatisfactory outcome, with a response rate and overall survival of less than 10% and 6 months, respectively. This phase II study evaluated the role of @entity8 combined with @entity9 in @entity2 @entity0 that have progressed, or relapsed, within 3 months following completion of the initial chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity0 were entered into this study. Eligible @entity0 had an ECOG performance status of less than, or equal to, 2, at least one bidimensionally measurable lesion and adequate end organ function. IV @entity8 , 1.0 mg/m2/d for 5 consecutive days, and @entity9 , 100 mg/m2/d through days 1 to 3, were administered every 3 weeks until disease progression or undue @entity1 . RESULTS: The major @entity1 was myelosuppression. Grade 3/4 @entity4 , @entity10 , and thrombocy-topenia occurred in 14.2, 34.8, and 27.3% of cycles, respectively. There was no treatment-related @entity3 , and other non-hematologic @entity1 were generally mild. Four @entity0 achieved partial responses, with a response rate RR of 14.8%. The progression-free survival PFS ranged from 1 to 7 months, with a median of 2.0 months (95% confidence interval 1.22~2.78 months). Twenty-five @entity0 died, with a median overall survival of 5.5 months (ranging from 1 to 21 months, 95% CI 4.32~6.68 months), and the 6-month survival rate was 32.1% (95% confidence interval 14.4~49.8%). CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity8 and @entity9 chemotherapy showed a modest response rate, but failed to prolong survival of refractory @entity2 @entity0 compared to @entity8 monotherapy.

title: Phase II Study of @entity8 and XXXX as Second-line Treatment in Chemotherapy-refractory Small-cell Lung Cancer.

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) has a poor prognosis, and current salvage chemotherapy for refractory @entity2 , such as @entity11 ( @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity7 ) or @entity8 , has an unsatisfactory outcome, with a response rate and overall survival of less than 10% and 6 months, respectively. This phase II study evaluated the role of @entity8 combined with @entity9 in @entity2 @entity0 that have progressed, or relapsed, within 3 months following completion of the initial chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven @entity0 were entered into this study. Eligible @entity0 had an ECOG performance status of less than, or equal to, 2, at least one bidimensionally measurable lesion and adequate end organ function. IV @entity8 , 1.0 mg/m2/d for 5 consecutive days, and @entity9 , 100 mg/m2/d through days 1 to 3, were administered every 3 weeks until disease progression or undue @entity1 . RESULTS: The major @entity1 was myelosuppression. Grade 3/4 @entity4 , @entity10 , and thrombocy-topenia occurred in 14.2, 34.8, and 27.3% of cycles, respectively. There was no treatment-related @entity3 , and other non-hematologic @entity1 were generally mild. Four @entity0 achieved partial responses, with a response rate RR of 14.8%. The progression-free survival PFS ranged from 1 to 7 months, with a median of 2.0 months (95% confidence interval 1.22~2.78 months). Twenty-five @entity0 died, with a median overall survival of 5.5 months (ranging from 1 to 21 months, 95% CI 4.32~6.68 months), and the 6-month survival rate was 32.1% (95% confidence interval 14.4~49.8%). CONCLUSION: The combination of @entity8 and @entity9 chemotherapy showed a modest response rate, but failed to prolong survival of refractory @entity2 @entity0 compared to @entity8 monotherapy.

title: Phase II Study of XXXX and @entity9 as Second-line Treatment in Chemotherapy-refractory Small-cell Lung Cancer.

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: To analyze the patterns of failure and prognostic factors affecting the local control and survivals in @entity2 treated with definitive radiotherapy, and to find the most effective treatment modality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty consecutive @entity0 , with primary @entity2 of the anal canal, were treated using radiotherapy, both with and without @entity7 based concurrent chemotherapy. According to the AJCC @entity2 stage, six @entity0 hadwere stage I, 11 had stage II, 2 had stage IIIA, and 11 had stage IIIB @entity2 . The median radiation dose was 45 Gy (30-72 Gy), and with 23 @entity0 receivinged concurrent chemotherapy ( @entity7 and @entity5 in 12 @entity0 , @entity7 and @entity4 in 7, and other drugs in 4). The Mmedian follow up period was 43 months, (ranginge, from 8- to 99 months). RESULTS: Among the 1630 @entity0 who16 were treated without surgical resection beforeprior to the radiotherapy, and a complete remission was observed in 12 @entity0 (75%), a partial remission in 3 (19%), and a local progression in the other one @entity0 . The @entity3 , including persistent disease, were observed in 10 (33%), and the @entity0 with higher T-stages (T3-4) had higher rates of local failure rates (T1-2, 21% vs. T3-4, 72%, p=0.03). Distant @entity1 were found in 4 @entity0 (13%). The five year survival and disease free survival rates were 64% and 53%, respectively. The factors which affectinged the 5 year local relapse free survival were T-stage (74.9% in T1-2 vs. 28.6% in T3-4, p=0.01), and the existence of a gross @entity2 beforeprior to radiotherapy (84.6%, no residual vs. 45.1% with residual, p=0.03). CONCLUSION: A Llocal recurrence was the major failure pattern in @entity2 , and the factors affecting a local failure were the T-stage and @entity2 volume beforeprior to radiotherapy. A Rradiation dose around 45 Gy was sufficient to control @entity2 of the @entity2 , but a higher dose should be considered for with more @entity6 .

title: Patterns of Failure and Prognostic Factors in XXXX Treated with Radiotherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the isolated @entity1 heart-lung preparation modified to measure coronary outflow and myocardial @entity0 consumption, an infusion of @entity4 of 1 mg/min produced an increase in coronary outflow of 120.0% and a decrease in myocardial @entity0 consumption of 11.0% at a cumulative dose of 28.0 +/- 3.8 mg, resulting in an increase in efficiency of 22.4%. At a total dose of 40 mg, the corresponding figures were +181.0%, -15.0% and +38.0% respectively. No change in heart rate was observed. An infusion of @entity3 of 1 mg/min, on the other hand, was characterized by decreases in myocardial contractility and heart rate starting with cumulative doses of 20 mg and 40 mg respectively. At a cumulative dose of 62.9 +/- 3.0 mg a marked degree of @entity2 occurred (peak failure) characterized by a decrease in cardiac output (-53.3%), dp/dt (-50.8%), heart rate (-18.5%) and myocardial @entity0 consumption (-25.5%). In a separate series exposed to the same infusion of @entity3 but in which the decrease in heart rate was prevented by pacing, identical changes were observed except that myocardial @entity0 consumption decreased only by 7.7%. It may be concluded from this study that @entity4 , in confirmation of reports by other investigators, increases coronary outflow markedly. @entity4 decreases myocardial @entity0 consumption by a direct effect on myocardial metabolism as is evident from the fact that this decrease is not accompanied by changes in any of the parameters which are known to influence myocardial @entity0 consumption such as heart rate. @entity3 has no effect on myocardial @entity0 consumption unless it is given in a dose which produces @entity2 and a decrease in heart rate. The decrease in heart rate following @entity3 bears a close relationship to the decrease in myocardial @entity0 consumption.

title: The cardiodynamic and metabolic effects of XXXX and @entity3 on the isolated @entity1 heart.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In the isolated @entity1 heart-lung preparation modified to measure coronary outflow and myocardial @entity0 consumption, an infusion of @entity4 of 1 mg/min produced an increase in coronary outflow of 120.0% and a decrease in myocardial @entity0 consumption of 11.0% at a cumulative dose of 28.0 +/- 3.8 mg, resulting in an increase in efficiency of 22.4%. At a total dose of 40 mg, the corresponding figures were +181.0%, -15.0% and +38.0% respectively. No change in heart rate was observed. An infusion of @entity3 of 1 mg/min, on the other hand, was characterized by decreases in myocardial contractility and heart rate starting with cumulative doses of 20 mg and 40 mg respectively. At a cumulative dose of 62.9 +/- 3.0 mg a marked degree of @entity2 occurred (peak failure) characterized by a decrease in cardiac output (-53.3%), dp/dt (-50.8%), heart rate (-18.5%) and myocardial @entity0 consumption (-25.5%). In a separate series exposed to the same infusion of @entity3 but in which the decrease in heart rate was prevented by pacing, identical changes were observed except that myocardial @entity0 consumption decreased only by 7.7%. It may be concluded from this study that @entity4 , in confirmation of reports by other investigators, increases coronary outflow markedly. @entity4 decreases myocardial @entity0 consumption by a direct effect on myocardial metabolism as is evident from the fact that this decrease is not accompanied by changes in any of the parameters which are known to influence myocardial @entity0 consumption such as heart rate. @entity3 has no effect on myocardial @entity0 consumption unless it is given in a dose which produces @entity2 and a decrease in heart rate. The decrease in heart rate following @entity3 bears a close relationship to the decrease in myocardial @entity0 consumption.

title: The cardiodynamic and metabolic effects of @entity4 and XXXX on the isolated @entity1 heart.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In the isolated @entity1 heart-lung preparation modified to measure coronary outflow and myocardial @entity0 consumption, an infusion of @entity4 of 1 mg/min produced an increase in coronary outflow of 120.0% and a decrease in myocardial @entity0 consumption of 11.0% at a cumulative dose of 28.0 +/- 3.8 mg, resulting in an increase in efficiency of 22.4%. At a total dose of 40 mg, the corresponding figures were +181.0%, -15.0% and +38.0% respectively. No change in heart rate was observed. An infusion of @entity3 of 1 mg/min, on the other hand, was characterized by decreases in myocardial contractility and heart rate starting with cumulative doses of 20 mg and 40 mg respectively. At a cumulative dose of 62.9 +/- 3.0 mg a marked degree of @entity2 occurred (peak failure) characterized by a decrease in cardiac output (-53.3%), dp/dt (-50.8%), heart rate (-18.5%) and myocardial @entity0 consumption (-25.5%). In a separate series exposed to the same infusion of @entity3 but in which the decrease in heart rate was prevented by pacing, identical changes were observed except that myocardial @entity0 consumption decreased only by 7.7%. It may be concluded from this study that @entity4 , in confirmation of reports by other investigators, increases coronary outflow markedly. @entity4 decreases myocardial @entity0 consumption by a direct effect on myocardial metabolism as is evident from the fact that this decrease is not accompanied by changes in any of the parameters which are known to influence myocardial @entity0 consumption such as heart rate. @entity3 has no effect on myocardial @entity0 consumption unless it is given in a dose which produces @entity2 and a decrease in heart rate. The decrease in heart rate following @entity3 bears a close relationship to the decrease in myocardial @entity0 consumption.

title: The cardiodynamic and metabolic effects of @entity4 and @entity3 on the isolated XXXX heart.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: The study investigated whether @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and/or @entity1 had higher job strain than @entity0 without it, and whether social support at work modifies this association. METHODS: The study included 35,160 individuals (25-64 years of age) from the Stockholm Public Health Surveys of 2006 and 2010. Data on @entity2 and @entity1 (BMI     30 kg/m(2) calculated from weight (kg) and height (m)) were self-reported. According to the Demand-Control-Support theory job strain, collective strain, and isolated strain were calculated for six groups of @entity0 based on the presence of @entity2 and @entity1 , using the subtraction approach (demand minus control). Differences in job strain mean scores were estimated by multivariate linear regression. Social support at work was analyzed as a potential effect modifier (high/low). RESULTS: Obese @entity0 with @entity2 had the highest job strain (b = 0.92, 95% CI 0.64-1.19), compared to normal weight @entity0 without @entity2 (reference group). We found that social support at work significantly (p<0.001) modifies the association between job strain, @entity2 and @entity1 . Obese @entity0 with @entity2 had the highest isolated @entity3 .92, 95% CI 2.52-3.31), and the highest collective strain, although of smaller magnitude (b = 0.34, 95% CI 0.05-0.63), compared to the reference group. CONCLUSIONS: Obese @entity0 with @entity2 perceive higher job strain than non-disabled @entity0 of normal weight. Strategies aiming to increase the social support at work may be important for this group of @entity0 to prevent them from experiencing unhealthy job strain.

title: The association of XXXX , weight status and job strain: A cross-sectional study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: A DNA prime, poxvirus (COPAK) boost vaccination regime with four antigens, i.e. a combination of two @entity3 sporozoite (csp/ssp2) and two blood stage (ama1/msp142) genes, leads to self-limited parasitaemia in 60% of @entity2 and survival from an otherwise lethal @entity0 with @entity3 . In the present study, the role of the blood stage antigens in protection was studied in depth, focusing on antibody formation against the blood stage antigens and the functionality thereof. METHODS: @entity2 were immunized with the four-component vaccine and subsequently challenged i.v. with 100 @entity3 sporozoites. During immunization and challenge, antibody titres against the two blood stage antigens were determined, as well as the in vitro growth inhibition capacity of those antibodies. Antigen reversal experiments were performed to determine the relative contribution of antibodies against each of the two blood stage antigens to the inhibition. RESULTS: After vaccination, PkAMA1 and PkMSP1       antibody titres in vaccinated animals were low, which was reflected in low levels of inhibition by these antibodies as determined by in vitro inhibition assays. Interestingly, after sporozoite challenge antibody titres against blood stage antigens were boosted over 30-fold in both protected and not protected animals. The in vitro inhibition levels increased to high levels (median inhibitions of 59% and 56% at 6 mg/mL total IgG, respectively). As growth inhibition levels were not significantly different between protected and not protected animals, the ability to control @entity0 appeared cannot be explained by GIA levels. Judged by in vitro antigen reversal growth inhibition assays, over 85% of the inhibitory activity of these antibodies was directed against PkAMA1. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report that demonstrates that a DNA prime/poxvirus boost vaccination regimen induces low levels of @entity1 parasite growth inhibitory antibodies, which are boosted to high levels upon challenge. No association could, however, be established between the levels of inhibitory capacity in vitro and protection, either after vaccination or after challenge.

title: XXXX by sporozoite challenge induces high functional antibody titres against blood stage antigens after a DNA prime, poxvirus boost vaccination strategy in @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: A DNA prime, poxvirus (COPAK) boost vaccination regime with four antigens, i.e. a combination of two @entity3 sporozoite (csp/ssp2) and two blood stage (ama1/msp142) genes, leads to self-limited parasitaemia in 60% of @entity2 and survival from an otherwise lethal @entity0 with @entity3 . In the present study, the role of the blood stage antigens in protection was studied in depth, focusing on antibody formation against the blood stage antigens and the functionality thereof. METHODS: @entity2 were immunized with the four-component vaccine and subsequently challenged i.v. with 100 @entity3 sporozoites. During immunization and challenge, antibody titres against the two blood stage antigens were determined, as well as the in vitro growth inhibition capacity of those antibodies. Antigen reversal experiments were performed to determine the relative contribution of antibodies against each of the two blood stage antigens to the inhibition. RESULTS: After vaccination, PkAMA1 and PkMSP1       antibody titres in vaccinated animals were low, which was reflected in low levels of inhibition by these antibodies as determined by in vitro inhibition assays. Interestingly, after sporozoite challenge antibody titres against blood stage antigens were boosted over 30-fold in both protected and not protected animals. The in vitro inhibition levels increased to high levels (median inhibitions of 59% and 56% at 6 mg/mL total IgG, respectively). As growth inhibition levels were not significantly different between protected and not protected animals, the ability to control @entity0 appeared cannot be explained by GIA levels. Judged by in vitro antigen reversal growth inhibition assays, over 85% of the inhibitory activity of these antibodies was directed against PkAMA1. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first report that demonstrates that a DNA prime/poxvirus boost vaccination regimen induces low levels of @entity1 parasite growth inhibitory antibodies, which are boosted to high levels upon challenge. No association could, however, be established between the levels of inhibitory capacity in vitro and protection, either after vaccination or after challenge.

title: @entity0 by sporozoite challenge induces high functional antibody titres against blood stage antigens after a DNA prime, poxvirus boost vaccination strategy in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment experience of IgG4-related @entity1 for the sake of improving clinical understanding of this disease and reducing the misdiagnosis and mistreatment rates. METHODS: To analyze the general situation, clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, histopathology, therapy and prognosis of 2 patients with IgG4-related @entity1 , who were admitted in the department of @entity3 at Changhai Hospital. Publications related to @entity1 were reviewed. RESULTS: Both @entity0 were male with elevated serum IgG4 level (2.25 g/L and 10 g/L respectively). In one @entity0 , radiologic finding showed solid nodules in the lung with ileocecal involvement. He responded well to glucocorticoid. The other @entity0 's computed tomography of lung demonstrated bronchovascular type. Glucocorticoid therapy was effective to both @entity0 . A total of 69 cases with IgG4-related @entity1 were reported worldwide, among whom 39 cases were admitted with chief complaints of respiratory symptoms. However, there were 41 cases suffering extra-pulmonary involvement. Serum IgG4 levels detected in 48 cases were significantly elevated (307-52 500 mg/L). The radiographic pattern of solid nodule type was the most frequent, accounting for 50.7% (35 cases). A total of 31 (44.9%) @entity0 received glucocorticoid therapy with good response and prognosis. CONCLUSION: IgG4-related @entity1 is a rare @entity2 lack of specific symptoms. Serum immunological examination, radiographic characteristics and histopathology should be comprehensively considered for diagnosis. Glucocorticoid is so far the most acceptable therapy with good response rate.

title: [IgG4-related XXXX :a clinical analysis and literature review].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To explore clinical and muscular pathological features of statin-induced @entity4 . METHODS: Nine @entity0 were enrolled in this study, who were diagnosed as statin-induced @entity4 by muscle biopsy in Peking University First Hospital from April, 2012 to October, 2014. The clinical data and pathological findings were analyzed. RESULTS: The exposure time to statins varied from 4 days to 4 years in the total of 9 @entity0 , 6 males and 3 females, with the average age of 63    6 (55 to 74) years old. Three @entity0 suffered from @entity7 and 6 @entity0 complained of weakness mainly at the proximal limbs, while no symptoms occured in 3 patients. Serum @entity6 kinase (CK) increased in all @entity0 with the maximum value varied from 468 to 8 000 U/L. Serum @entity10 antibodies were tested in 7 @entity0 and all were negative. Electromyogram was performed in six @entity0 with @entity2 found in 2 @entity0 . MRI of bilateral thigh muscle was carried out in six @entity0 with @entity1 and mild @entity8 found in 2 @entity0 . All @entity0 underwent skeletal muscle biopsy with histochemical and immunohistochemical staining. The main muscular pathological features were muscle fiber @entity5 , @entity3 , regeneration and increased lipid droplets. Ragged blue fiber, cytochrome C oxidase-negative muscle fibers and decreased @entity9 activity were observed in some @entity0 . MHC-I expressed in the sarcolemma of muscle fibers at various levels. Mild C5b-9 staining was found in the endomysium, capillary and cytoplasm. Symptoms and the level of CK were improved in 7 @entity0 after discontinuing @entity11 or changing to another statin, while the immunosuppressive therapy were used in 2 @entity0 and shown to be effective. CONCLUSIONS: @entity11 induced @entity4 is self-limiting in most @entity0 , with improvement after discontinuation of statins. Few @entity0 with @entity3 need immunosuppressive therapy.

title: [The clinical and muscular pathological features of statin-induced XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The bond strength of the composite to the bleached enamel plays a very important role in the success and longevity of an aesthetic restoration. AIM: The aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the effect of Aloe Vera with 10% @entity1 on the Shear bond strength of composite resin to bleached @entity0 enamel. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty freshly extracted @entity0 maxillary central incisors were selected and divided into 5 groups. Group I and V are unbleached and bleached controls groups respectively. Group II, III, IV served as experimental groups. The labial surfaces of groups II, III, IV, V were treated with 35% @entity2 for 30mins. Group II specimens were subjected to delayed composite bonding. Group III and IV specimens were subjected to application of 10% @entity1 and leaf extract of Aloe Vera following the @entity2 bleaching respectively. Specimens were subjected to shear bond strength using universal testing machine and the results were statistically analysed using ANOVA test. Tukey (HSD) Honest Significant Difference test was used to comparatively analyse statistical differences between the groups. A p-value <0.05 is taken as statistically significant. RESULTS: The mean shear bond strength values of Group V showed significantly lower bond strengths than Groups I, II, III, IV (p-value <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the shear bond strength values of groups I, II, III, IV. CONCLUSION: Treatment of the bleached enamel surface with Aloe Vera and 10% @entity1 provided consistently better bond strength. Aloe Vera may be used as an alternative to 10% @entity1 .

title: Effect of Different Anti-Oxidants on Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resins to Bleached XXXX Enamel.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Optical measurements of the pigments of the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and choroid were made on 38 @entity0 @entity1 and whites, varying in age between 2 wk and 90 yr old. Lipofuscin in melanin-bleached @entity2 was measured as fluorescence at 470 mm following excitation at 365 nm and was found to be proportional to fluorescence measured at 560 nm in unbleached tissue. Transmission measurements of @entity2 and choroidal melanin were converted and expressed as optical density units. The choroidal melanin content increased from the periphery to the posterior pole. @entity2 melanin concentration decreased from the periphery to the posterior pole with an increase in the macula. Conversely, the amount of @entity2 lipofuscin increased from the periphery to the posterior pole with a consistent dip at the fovea. There was an inverse relationship between @entity2 lipofuscin concentration and @entity2 melanin concentration. The @entity2 melanin content was similar between whites and blacks. @entity3 concentration was significantly greater (P = 0.002) in the @entity2 of whites compared to blacks; whereas blacks had a significantly greater (P = 0.005) choroidal melanin content than whites. The amounts of both choroidal and @entity2 melanin showed a trend of decreasing content with aging, whereas the amount @entity2 lipofuscin tended to increase (whites greater than blacks). Per fundus area, the amount of choroidal melanin was always greater than that in the @entity2 . There was a statistically significant (P = 0.001) increase in @entity2 height with age, most marked in eyes of whites after age 50 and correlated with the increase in @entity3 concentration.

title: Retinal pigment epithelial lipofuscin and melanin and choroidal melanin in XXXX eyes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: NICE (National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence) in England recommended laparoscopic repair for recurrent and bilateral groin hernias in 2004. The aims of this survey were to evaluate the current practise of bilateral and recurrent @entity0 surgery in Scotland and surgeons' views on the perceived need for training in @entity0 ( @entity0 ). METHODS: A postal questionnaire was sent to Scottish consultant surgeons included in the Scottish Audit of Surgical Audit database 2007, asking about their current practice of primary, recurrent and @entity0 surgery. A response was considered valid if the surgeon performed groin @entity1 surgery; further analysis was based on this group. Those who did not offer @entity0 were asked to comment on the possible reasons, and also the perceived need for training in laparoscopic @entity1 surgery. Only valid responses were stored on Microsoft Excel (Microsoft Corporation, USA) and analysed with SPSS software version 13.0 (SPSS, Chicago, Illinois). RESULTS: Postal questionnaires were sent to 301 surgeons and the overall all response rate was 174/301 (57.8%). A valid response was received from 124 of 174 (71.2%) surgeons and analysed further. Open Lichtenstein's repair seems to be the most common @entity0 . Laparoscopic surgery was not performed for 26.6 and 31.5% of recurrent and @entity0 , respectively. About 15% of surgeons replied that an @entity0 service was not available in their base hospital. Lack of training, financial constraints, and insufficient evidence were thought to be the main reasons for low uptake of @entity0 . About 80% of respondents wished to attend hands-on training in @entity1 surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Current practice by Scottish surgeons showed that one in three surgeons did not offer @entity0 for bilateral and recurrent @entity0 as recommended by NICE. There is a clear need for training in @entity0 .

title: NICE guidance and current practise of recurrent and bilateral groin XXXX repair by Scottish surgeons.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Aim of the study is to observe clinical manifestations of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) treated with castellani solution. Twenty-four @entity0 (18 @entity0 and 6 @entity0 ; mean age, 49.7 years; range, 9-77 years) diagnosed with @entity2 and treated with castellani solution were enrolled retrospectively. Topical treatment using castellani solution with or without curettage of a granular lesion and serial otoendoscopy-aided photographic documentation of the tympanic membrane were performed. Outpatient follow-up period ranged from 3 to 72 months and the mean follow-up period was 14.4 months. @entity2 was classified into marginal/non-marginal type and ulcerative/polypoid subtype using a new scale. According to the scale used in this study, the marginal and ulcerative @entity2 was the predominant type of @entity1 . Bacterial cultures of ear discharges from 19 @entity0 revealed Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium and @entity3 in 12, 5, and 1 @entity0 , respectively and no growth of bacteria in one @entity0 . Of 24 @entity0 , 23 showed complete resolution of @entity2 after treatment with castellani solution. However, one @entity0 had a persistent, small, dry, deepithelialized lesion and eight others required more than 3 months for complete recovery owing to a persistent residual lesion. There was recurrence in two @entity0 but the lesion resolved after additional castellani treatment. Topical application of castellani solution is a simple and effective treatment for @entity2 . This study suggests a potential of castellani solution for treatment of @entity2 with a serial photographic documentation and novel classification scale for description of lesions. A sufficiently long follow-up period is essential to confirm a complete recovery of @entity2 .

title: Clinical characteristics of XXXX treated with castellani solution.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6 is a significant cause of nosocomial AAD. The prevalence of @entity6 enterotoxin ( @entity8 )-positive stool specimens in hospitalised @entity0 is very low in the Indian setting making the diagnostics very expensive. Therefore, a cost-effective diagnostic approach to screen faecal specimens for @entity8 was devised. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Faecal specimens from 540 hospitalised @entity0 with various ailments and from 340 healthy subjects were investigated for @entity8 . An aliquot of pooled faecal supernatants was made by mixing 100  l each of 10 specimens to be tested. Each aliquot was investigated for the presence of @entity8 by an enzyme immunoassay. A repetition of the assay was done with individual specimens of the pooled aliquots from each positive well as seen visually by colour development. RESULTS: Of the 540 @entity0 specimens tested, 405 (75%) @entity0 were on antibiotics, the predominant ones being @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity7 , @entity4 , etc. During the time of sampling, @entity3 was present in 481 (89%), @entity2 in 203 (37.6%) and fever in 242 (44.8%) @entity0 . @entity6 enterotoxin was positive in nine wells of the 540 pooled test specimens whereas all of the pooled 340 control samples were negative. Repeat of individual specimens comprising the nine wells with positive samples helped to identify the individual @entity0 positive for @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Only two @entity8 kits were needed for a total of 880 faecal specimens tested. The cost-effective diagnostic approach to screen faecal specimens for @entity8 , as described herein will help to save institutional resources.

title: Cost-effective screening of pooled faecal specimens from @entity0 with nosocomial XXXX for @entity6 enterotoxin.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6 is a significant cause of nosocomial AAD. The prevalence of @entity6 enterotoxin ( @entity8 )-positive stool specimens in hospitalised @entity0 is very low in the Indian setting making the diagnostics very expensive. Therefore, a cost-effective diagnostic approach to screen faecal specimens for @entity8 was devised. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Faecal specimens from 540 hospitalised @entity0 with various ailments and from 340 healthy subjects were investigated for @entity8 . An aliquot of pooled faecal supernatants was made by mixing 100  l each of 10 specimens to be tested. Each aliquot was investigated for the presence of @entity8 by an enzyme immunoassay. A repetition of the assay was done with individual specimens of the pooled aliquots from each positive well as seen visually by colour development. RESULTS: Of the 540 @entity0 specimens tested, 405 (75%) @entity0 were on antibiotics, the predominant ones being @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity7 , @entity4 , etc. During the time of sampling, @entity3 was present in 481 (89%), @entity2 in 203 (37.6%) and fever in 242 (44.8%) @entity0 . @entity6 enterotoxin was positive in nine wells of the 540 pooled test specimens whereas all of the pooled 340 control samples were negative. Repeat of individual specimens comprising the nine wells with positive samples helped to identify the individual @entity0 positive for @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Only two @entity8 kits were needed for a total of 880 faecal specimens tested. The cost-effective diagnostic approach to screen faecal specimens for @entity8 , as described herein will help to save institutional resources.

title: Cost-effective screening of pooled faecal specimens from @entity0 with nosocomial @entity3 for XXXX enterotoxin.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6 is a significant cause of nosocomial AAD. The prevalence of @entity6 enterotoxin ( @entity8 )-positive stool specimens in hospitalised @entity0 is very low in the Indian setting making the diagnostics very expensive. Therefore, a cost-effective diagnostic approach to screen faecal specimens for @entity8 was devised. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Faecal specimens from 540 hospitalised @entity0 with various ailments and from 340 healthy subjects were investigated for @entity8 . An aliquot of pooled faecal supernatants was made by mixing 100  l each of 10 specimens to be tested. Each aliquot was investigated for the presence of @entity8 by an enzyme immunoassay. A repetition of the assay was done with individual specimens of the pooled aliquots from each positive well as seen visually by colour development. RESULTS: Of the 540 @entity0 specimens tested, 405 (75%) @entity0 were on antibiotics, the predominant ones being @entity5 , @entity1 , @entity7 , @entity4 , etc. During the time of sampling, @entity3 was present in 481 (89%), @entity2 in 203 (37.6%) and fever in 242 (44.8%) @entity0 . @entity6 enterotoxin was positive in nine wells of the 540 pooled test specimens whereas all of the pooled 340 control samples were negative. Repeat of individual specimens comprising the nine wells with positive samples helped to identify the individual @entity0 positive for @entity8 . CONCLUSION: Only two @entity8 kits were needed for a total of 880 faecal specimens tested. The cost-effective diagnostic approach to screen faecal specimens for @entity8 , as described herein will help to save institutional resources.

title: Cost-effective screening of pooled faecal specimens from XXXX with nosocomial @entity3 for @entity6 enterotoxin.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Fusarium is the second most frequent mold involved in @entity3 and is particularly important among immunocompromised @entity0 . Culture methods and microscopy are still routinely used in clinical laboratories to identify Fusarium spp, and more sophisticated, timely, and effective methods for detecting Fusarium spp. in laboratory samples could improve the outcome of the @entity0 . These investigational diagnostic approaches include serological assays and specific nested PCR assays that can yield positive and negative predictive values of over 90%. Other assays in development, such as mass spectroscopy techniques, can provide accurate and consistent results. The treatment of @entity9 in immunocompromised @entity0 remains a challenge and the prognosis of systemic @entity9 in this population remains poor. Successful treatment is highly dependent on the particular Fusarium species involved in the @entity2 . High dose intravenous @entity5 formulation is recommended as the first line of therapy in management of @entity9 in @entity0 . @entity7 is also effective in treating @entity9 . Intolerance, contraindication, or failure of the @entity5 formulation warrants the use of @entity7 as an alternative agent, and @entity8 is licensed as salvage therapy against @entity1 . Adjunctive therapies such as surgical debridement of infected tissue, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) or @entity6 ( @entity6 ) infusions, or granulocyte transfusions are also tools for managing @entity9 . In conclusion, Fusarium @entity2 is considered an emerging problem and should be suspected in immunocompromised @entity0 experiencing @entity2 and should be treated accordingly.

title: The challenge of managing XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: Anal cytology is used to screen @entity0 for @entity5 . Anal pap smears are collected without direct visualization of the canal, whereas cervical cytology is obtained with direct visualization. Current screening guidelines dictate that @entity0 with abnormal cytology are to be evaluated with high-resolution anoscopy, and @entity0 with benign anal cytology forgo high-resolution anoscopy. We routinely perform standard anoscopy after cytology collection. We endeavored to determine whether our standard procedure would reveal findings supporting high-resolution anoscopy even with benign cytology. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of all anal cytology results from January 2008 to March 2009, identifying the @entity0 with benign results who had undergone high-resolution anoscopy. Records were analyzed to determine the indication for high-resolution anoscopy and biopsy results. RESULTS: We identified 2084 @entity0 with anal cytology results, including 613 (29%) @entity0 who had benign results and 169 (28%) @entity0 who had undergone high-resolution anoscopy. The main reasons for high-resolution anoscopy were high risk of recurrent @entity2 based on prior high-grade squamous @entity1 with cytology done concurrently in 77 (46%), and abnormal anoscopy findings thought to be indicative of @entity2 (plaque or nodule suspicious of @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity4 appearing fissure) in 92 (54%). Of subjects with abnormal anoscopy findings indicative of @entity2 , 25 (27%) had high-grade and 39 (42%) had low-grade @entity2 . Of those undergoing cytology and high-resolution anoscopy simultaneously, 14 (18%) had high-grade and 12 (16%) had low-grade @entity2 . In total, 90 (53%) of those with benign cytology who had high-resolution anoscopy had abnormal pathology, and 39 (23%) had high-grade @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 having sex with @entity0 can have significant @entity2 with benign cytology. Standard anoscopy identifies findings indicative of @entity2 that, if present, should lead to high-resolution anoscopy even with benign cytology. Standard anoscopy should become an integral part of @entity5 screening. Prior recent history of high-grade @entity2 should lead to high-resolution anoscopy even with benign cytology.

title: Predictors of XXXX in @entity0 who have sex with @entity0 with benign cytology.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: Anal cytology is used to screen @entity0 for @entity5 . Anal pap smears are collected without direct visualization of the canal, whereas cervical cytology is obtained with direct visualization. Current screening guidelines dictate that @entity0 with abnormal cytology are to be evaluated with high-resolution anoscopy, and @entity0 with benign anal cytology forgo high-resolution anoscopy. We routinely perform standard anoscopy after cytology collection. We endeavored to determine whether our standard procedure would reveal findings supporting high-resolution anoscopy even with benign cytology. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of all anal cytology results from January 2008 to March 2009, identifying the @entity0 with benign results who had undergone high-resolution anoscopy. Records were analyzed to determine the indication for high-resolution anoscopy and biopsy results. RESULTS: We identified 2084 @entity0 with anal cytology results, including 613 (29%) @entity0 who had benign results and 169 (28%) @entity0 who had undergone high-resolution anoscopy. The main reasons for high-resolution anoscopy were high risk of recurrent @entity2 based on prior high-grade squamous @entity1 with cytology done concurrently in 77 (46%), and abnormal anoscopy findings thought to be indicative of @entity2 (plaque or nodule suspicious of @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity4 appearing fissure) in 92 (54%). Of subjects with abnormal anoscopy findings indicative of @entity2 , 25 (27%) had high-grade and 39 (42%) had low-grade @entity2 . Of those undergoing cytology and high-resolution anoscopy simultaneously, 14 (18%) had high-grade and 12 (16%) had low-grade @entity2 . In total, 90 (53%) of those with benign cytology who had high-resolution anoscopy had abnormal pathology, and 39 (23%) had high-grade @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 having sex with @entity0 can have significant @entity2 with benign cytology. Standard anoscopy identifies findings indicative of @entity2 that, if present, should lead to high-resolution anoscopy even with benign cytology. Standard anoscopy should become an integral part of @entity5 screening. Prior recent history of high-grade @entity2 should lead to high-resolution anoscopy even with benign cytology.

title: Predictors of @entity5 in XXXX who have sex with @entity0 with benign cytology.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Anal cytology is used to screen @entity0 for @entity5 . Anal pap smears are collected without direct visualization of the canal, whereas cervical cytology is obtained with direct visualization. Current screening guidelines dictate that @entity0 with abnormal cytology are to be evaluated with high-resolution anoscopy, and @entity0 with benign anal cytology forgo high-resolution anoscopy. We routinely perform standard anoscopy after cytology collection. We endeavored to determine whether our standard procedure would reveal findings supporting high-resolution anoscopy even with benign cytology. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review of all anal cytology results from January 2008 to March 2009, identifying the @entity0 with benign results who had undergone high-resolution anoscopy. Records were analyzed to determine the indication for high-resolution anoscopy and biopsy results. RESULTS: We identified 2084 @entity0 with anal cytology results, including 613 (29%) @entity0 who had benign results and 169 (28%) @entity0 who had undergone high-resolution anoscopy. The main reasons for high-resolution anoscopy were high risk of recurrent @entity2 based on prior high-grade squamous @entity1 with cytology done concurrently in 77 (46%), and abnormal anoscopy findings thought to be indicative of @entity2 (plaque or nodule suspicious of @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity4 appearing fissure) in 92 (54%). Of subjects with abnormal anoscopy findings indicative of @entity2 , 25 (27%) had high-grade and 39 (42%) had low-grade @entity2 . Of those undergoing cytology and high-resolution anoscopy simultaneously, 14 (18%) had high-grade and 12 (16%) had low-grade @entity2 . In total, 90 (53%) of those with benign cytology who had high-resolution anoscopy had abnormal pathology, and 39 (23%) had high-grade @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 having sex with @entity0 can have significant @entity2 with benign cytology. Standard anoscopy identifies findings indicative of @entity2 that, if present, should lead to high-resolution anoscopy even with benign cytology. Standard anoscopy should become an integral part of @entity5 screening. Prior recent history of high-grade @entity2 should lead to high-resolution anoscopy even with benign cytology.

title: Predictors of @entity5 in @entity0 who have sex with XXXX with benign cytology.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is a well-recognized independent risk factor for @entity1 in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 . Since @entity3 ( @entity6 ) largely binds to serum proteins (80 to 90%), in this study we investigated the possibility that @entity5 ( @entity5 )-based protein-leaking dialyzers could reduce total plasma @entity6 (tHcy) levels in @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: Two matched groups of @entity0 (N = 13) showing mild to intermediate @entity4 on standard hemodialysis (HD) with conventional non-protein-leaking dialyzers were included. In the control group membranes were maintained the same, while the study group was switched to protein-leaking dialyzers (BK-F series; Toray, Japan) and studied for 6 months. tHcy was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at baseline and after 1, 3, and 6 months. Proteins and @entity6 were also measured in the spent dialysate. RESULTS: The pre-HD levels of tHcy in the control group remained close to baseline values (26.6 +/- 5.0 micromol/L), while in the study group at 1, 3, and 6 months they decreased from a baseline value (in micrormol/L) of 25.3 +/- 5.9 to 21.5 +/- 4.5, 16.9 +/- 4.0, and 17.2 +/- 4.2, respectively (P < 0.01 for values at 3 and 6 months vs. baseline). The intra-HD drop of tHcy (Delta HDHcy) slightly but progressively decreased during the 3 steps on protein-leaking dialyzers and a positive correlation was found between Delta HDHcy and pre-HD levels of tHcy. In spent dialysate samples from protein-leaking dialyzer-treated @entity0 , the amount of protein-bound @entity6 (bHcy) was approximately 10 times higher than in non-protein-leaking dialyzers, but the Delta HDHcy observed in non-protein-leaking dialyzers and protein-leaking dialyzers was comparable. Serum proteins and albumin were only slightly affected by protein-leaking dialyzers. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that protein-leaking dialyzers used with a pure diffusive technique significantly lower pre-HD tHcy (approximately 33% of starting levels after 3 months of treatment) in @entity2 @entity0 . A possible underlying mechanism for this effect could be the removal of large molecular weight solutes responsible for a defective metabolism of the @entity6 , as the removal of bHcy with protein-leaking dialyzers seems not sufficient, per se, to explain this steady reduction of tHcy levels in pre-HD.

title: The effect of XXXX -based protein-leaking dialyzers on plasma @entity3 levels.

answer: @entity5