abstract: INTRODUCTION: Total abdominal colectomy with ileal pouch-anal @entity3 is the intervention of choice for @entity0 with medically uncontrolled @entity1 . A three-stage approach is preferred in particularly debilitated @entity0 . In this setting, laparoscopic surgery has shown to be safe, offering several advantages over the open approach. Single incision laparoscopic surgery is a new minimally invasive approach which represents a true scarless procedure for the first step of the restorative proctocolectomy. In this article, we describe our technique in performing the single-incision total abdominal colectomy. METHODS: The single-access device is inserted through a circular incision made at the ileostomy site, which was marked preoperatively. The procedure is performed with conventional laparoscopic instruments through one 12-mm and three 5-mm trocars introduced in the single-access device gel platform. Good exposure of the operating field is obtained by changing the Trendelenburg position and the lateral tilting of the table. We start the operation by mobilizing the right colon, then proceeding clockwise to the rectosigmoid junction. The ileocolic pedicle is divided after the visualization of the right ureter and duodenum. The right colon is mobilized in the medial-to-lateral fashion. The hepatocolic ligament is taken down, and the transverse mesocolon and the greater omentum are divided to mobilize the transverse colon. Subsequently, the lateral attachments of descending colon are taken sharply, and the avascular line of Toldt is bluntly dissected. Under direct visualization of the left ureter, the inferior mesenteric vein and the branches of the sigmoid arteries are identified, dissected, and divided. After switching to a 5-mm laparoscope, the rectosigmoid junction is divided with an endoscopic stapler. The specimen is exteriorized, and the terminal ileum is divided extracorporeally. Finally, the ileostomy is matured in the standard Brooke fashion. CONCLUSION: Between May and November 2010, we performed ten single-incision total abdominal colectomies, all completed successfully without complications or need of conversion, with a mean operative time of 139  24 min and an estimated @entity2 of 100  120 ml. The postoperative course was unremarkable in all cases, with prompt return of bowel activity and short postoperative stay. In our experience, single-incision total abdominal colectomy has shown to be a safe alternative to standard laparoscopy in selected @entity0 and appears to be a promising technique with the potential to improve short-term outcomes.

title: Single incision ("scarless") laparoscopic total abdominal colectomy with end ileostomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe our experience with the implementation of intensive care in the setting of a field hospital, deployed to the site of a major urban disaster. DESIGN: Description of our experience during mission to @entity2 ; conclusions regarding implementation of intensive care at disaster sites. SETTING: Military Field Hospital at Adapazari in @entity2 . @entity0 : Civilian @entity0 admitted for care at the field hospital. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: On August 17, 1999 a major earthquake occurred in western @entity2 , causing approximately 16,000 fatalities and leaving >44,000 injured. Approximately 66,000 buildings were severely damaged or destroyed. A medical unit of the Israeli Defense Forces Medical Corps, consisting of 23 physicians, 13 nurses, nine paramedics, 13 medics, laboratory and roentgen technicians, pharmacists, and associated support personnel, were sent to Adapazari in @entity2 . The field hospital treated approximately 1,200 @entity0 over a period of 2 wks, 70 surgical operations were performed, 20 babies were delivered, and a variety of medical, surgical, orthopedic, and pediatric/neonatal care was provided. The 12-bed intensive care unit operated by the unit, was staffed by three physicians and eight nursing/paramedic personnel. @entity0 mix was: a total of 63 @entity0 , among them five with major @entity1 , 20 with @entity3 , 15 @entity0 with various acute medical conditions, and 11 surgical and postoperative @entity0 . Three @entity0 were intubated and mechanically ventilated (one @entity4 and two major @entity1 ). The intensive care unit provided the following functions to the field hospital: care of the critically ill and injured, preparation for and implementation of transportation of such @entity0 , pre- and postoperative care for major surgical procedures, expertise, and equipment for the care of very ill @entity0 throughout the field hospital. CONCLUSIONS: In suitable circumstances, an intensive care capability should be an integral part of medical expeditions to major disasters.

title: Intensive care in a field hospital in an urban disaster area: lessons from the August 1999 earthquake in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Lower @entity3 levels are associated with higher risk of incident @entity2 2 @entity1 . Most analyses have been adjusted for confounding factors, but few have taken into account insulin resistance per se. We tested the hypothesis that the association of @entity3 levels with incident @entity2 2 @entity1 differs between insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive individuals. METHODS: We studied two prospective cohorts: the Framingham Offspring Study (n   =   2,023) and the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) S4/F4 study (n   =   887) cohorts. Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We used logistic regression analysis to test the association between @entity3 and incident @entity2 2 @entity1 overall and in insulin-resistant vs insulin-sensitive individuals (defined by >=  vs <75th percentile of HOMA-IR). RESULTS: At baseline, Framingham's @entity0 were 60        9 years old and 56% were @entity0 ; KORA's @entity0 were 63        5 years old and 49% were @entity0 . @entity2 2 @entity1 incidence was 5.4% over 6.5 years (n   =   109) in Framingham and 10.5% over 8 years (n   =   93) in KORA. Lower @entity3 levels were associated with @entity2 2 @entity1 incidence in both cohorts. In insulin-resistant individuals, lower @entity3 levels were associated with higher risk of @entity2 2 @entity1 incidence (OR 1.60 [95% CI 1.10-2.31] per SD decrease in Framingham, p   =   0.01; and OR 2.34 [95% CI 1.16-4.73] in KORA, p   =   0.02); while this was not observed in insulin-sensitive individuals (OR 1.10 [95% CI 0.73-1.67] in Framingham, p   =   0.64; and OR 1.34 [95%CI: 0.88-2.03] in KORA, p   =   0.18). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We conclude that lower @entity3 levels are associated with higher risk of @entity2 2 @entity1 in insulin-resistant but not in insulin-sensitive individuals. This suggests that some level of insulin resistance is needed to see deleterious effects of low @entity3 .

title: Insulin resistance influences the association of XXXX levels with @entity1 incidence in two population-based cohorts: the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) S4/F4 study and the Framingham Offspring Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Lower @entity3 levels are associated with higher risk of incident @entity2 2 @entity1 . Most analyses have been adjusted for confounding factors, but few have taken into account insulin resistance per se. We tested the hypothesis that the association of @entity3 levels with incident @entity2 2 @entity1 differs between insulin-resistant and insulin-sensitive individuals. METHODS: We studied two prospective cohorts: the Framingham Offspring Study (n   =   2,023) and the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) S4/F4 study (n   =   887) cohorts. Insulin resistance was estimated by HOMA-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We used logistic regression analysis to test the association between @entity3 and incident @entity2 2 @entity1 overall and in insulin-resistant vs insulin-sensitive individuals (defined by >=  vs <75th percentile of HOMA-IR). RESULTS: At baseline, Framingham's @entity0 were 60        9 years old and 56% were @entity0 ; KORA's @entity0 were 63        5 years old and 49% were @entity0 . @entity2 2 @entity1 incidence was 5.4% over 6.5 years (n   =   109) in Framingham and 10.5% over 8 years (n   =   93) in KORA. Lower @entity3 levels were associated with @entity2 2 @entity1 incidence in both cohorts. In insulin-resistant individuals, lower @entity3 levels were associated with higher risk of @entity2 2 @entity1 incidence (OR 1.60 [95% CI 1.10-2.31] per SD decrease in Framingham, p   =   0.01; and OR 2.34 [95% CI 1.16-4.73] in KORA, p   =   0.02); while this was not observed in insulin-sensitive individuals (OR 1.10 [95% CI 0.73-1.67] in Framingham, p   =   0.64; and OR 1.34 [95%CI: 0.88-2.03] in KORA, p   =   0.18). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: We conclude that lower @entity3 levels are associated with higher risk of @entity2 2 @entity1 in insulin-resistant but not in insulin-sensitive individuals. This suggests that some level of insulin resistance is needed to see deleterious effects of low @entity3 .

title: Insulin resistance influences the association of @entity3 levels with XXXX incidence in two population-based cohorts: the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) S4/F4 study and the Framingham Offspring Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Protracted daily lighting cycles do not promote @entity1 in @entity0 monkeys as they do in a variety of avian species. However, observations in @entity0 suggest that ambient lighting at night may reduce the efficiency of the emmetropization process in primates. To test this idea, we investigated the ability of @entity0 monkeys reared with continuous light to compensate for optically imposed changes in @entity2 . METHODS: Beginning at about 3 weeks of age, a hyperopic or myopic @entity4 was imposed on 12 @entity0 @entity3 by securing either a -3 D or +3 D lenses in front of one eye and a zero-powered lens in front of the fellow eye. Six of these monkeys were reared with the normal vivarium lights on continuously, whereas the other six lens-reared monkeys were maintained on a 12-h-light/12-h-dark lighting cycle. The ocular effects of the lens-rearing procedures were assessed periodically during the treatment period by cycloplegic retinoscopy, keratometry, and A-scan ultrasonography. RESULTS: Five of six animals in each of the lighting groups demonstrated clear evidence for compensating anisometropic growth. In both lighting groups, eyes that experienced optically imposed hyperopic defocus (-3 D lenses) exhibited faster axial growth rates and became more myopic than their fellow eyes. In contrast, eyes treated with +3 D lenses showed relatively slower axial growth rates and developed more @entity2 . The average amount of compensating @entity4 (continuous light, 1.6 +/- 0.5 D vs. control, 2.3 +/- 0.5 D), the structural basis for the @entity2 , and the ability to recover from the induced @entity2 were also not altered by continuous light exposure. CONCLUSION: Ambient lighting at night does not appear to overtly compromise the functional integrity of the vision-dependent mechanisms that regulate emmetropization in higher primates.

title: Continuous ambient lighting and lens compensation in XXXX monkeys.

answer: @entity0


abstract: For contraceptive use, age 35 is a milestone for most @entity0 , particularly if they are smokers. Some @entity0 in this age group choose barrier contraception; the lower fertility that accompanies the 3rd and 4th decades of the female life usually compensates for the lower efficiency of the classic barrier methods of family planning. Others have questions about IUDs. 1 of the disadvantages of the early cooper IUDs was that the @entity4 "leached out" of the devices rather rapidly, meaning that the devices had to be replaced after a relatively short time to be certain of a high level of contraceptive efficiency. The Novagard @entity4 IUD has been produce in which the cooper has an inner strand of @entity3 . This IUD, remains efficient for over 4 years. Another advantage of the Novagard is that it tends to " @entity8 into" the womb very snugly. Contraindications must be carefully attended to with all IUDs. For example, doctors will not fit an IUD more than 5 days after ovulation in an unprotected cycle or in the presence of or suspicion of pregnancy, where there is evidence of @entity7 or recent exposure to @entity6 , @entity5 on pelvic examination or infected appearance of the cervix or purient discharge, undiagnosed @entity1 , a distorted uterine cavity, a past salpingectomy, lowered resistance, on @entity2 to @entity4 . As in all contraception, adequate counseling must be provided.

title: When your XXXX ask about contraception for the middle years.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The quantitative temporal relationship between changes in CT attenuation, ADC value, and DWI signal intensity of acute @entity1 tissue has not yet been determined in an animal model. This study was performed to determine the temporal relationship between CT attenuation, ADC value, and DWI signal intensity in @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT and DWI were performed at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 hours after @entity2 in 11 @entity0 . Mean values for CT attenuation, ADC, and DWI signal intensity were determined for the @entity1 hemisphere and contralateral normal hemisphere. Temporal changes in each mean value and the relationship between CT attenuation and ADC value and DWI signal intensity were evaluated. RESULTS: The decrease of CT attenuation and the increase of DWI signal intensity occurred gradually after @entity2 , while ADC value decreased rapidly at 1 hour. Although correlation was significant between time and rCT or rDWI (P<.01, respectively), no correlation between time and rADC was found (P=.33). There was a significant linear correlation between rCT and rDWI (r=0.497, P<.01), but no significant correlation between rCT and rADC (P=.509) was found. CONCLUSIONS: The temporal change in CT attenuation was different from that in ADC value with no significant linear correlation between CT attenuation and ADC value for @entity3 . However, rCT and rDWI showed a modest correlation.

title: Correlation between CT and diffusion-weighted imaging of XXXX in a @entity0 model.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The quantitative temporal relationship between changes in CT attenuation, ADC value, and DWI signal intensity of acute @entity1 tissue has not yet been determined in an animal model. This study was performed to determine the temporal relationship between CT attenuation, ADC value, and DWI signal intensity in @entity3 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: CT and DWI were performed at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 hours after @entity2 in 11 @entity0 . Mean values for CT attenuation, ADC, and DWI signal intensity were determined for the @entity1 hemisphere and contralateral normal hemisphere. Temporal changes in each mean value and the relationship between CT attenuation and ADC value and DWI signal intensity were evaluated. RESULTS: The decrease of CT attenuation and the increase of DWI signal intensity occurred gradually after @entity2 , while ADC value decreased rapidly at 1 hour. Although correlation was significant between time and rCT or rDWI (P<.01, respectively), no correlation between time and rADC was found (P=.33). There was a significant linear correlation between rCT and rDWI (r=0.497, P<.01), but no significant correlation between rCT and rADC (P=.509) was found. CONCLUSIONS: The temporal change in CT attenuation was different from that in ADC value with no significant linear correlation between CT attenuation and ADC value for @entity3 . However, rCT and rDWI showed a modest correlation.

title: Correlation between CT and diffusion-weighted imaging of @entity3 in a XXXX model.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway is well-documented in @entity2 , whereas neuronal changes beyond the nigrostriatal pathway are uncertain. The purpose of our study was to estimate volume changes in the striatum and thalamus, which are areas of the basal ganglia, as well as in GM and WM located beyond the nigrostriatal pathway, in early-stage @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 30 @entity0 (15 healthy controls and 15 @entity0 with PDND with H _ Y stage I or II). Cognitive function was assessed by using the MMSE. ICV and the volumes of the caudate nucleus, putamen, thalamus, GM, and WM were calculated via 3D volume analysis by using MR imaging. RESULTS: A comparison of the @entity2 group with the control group revealed an absence of significant differences between them regarding age and MMSE scores. Comparison of the volumes of regional brain structures of @entity0 with @entity2 with those of controls revealed the presence of significant differences in the caudate nucleus, thalamus, and WM (P<.05) between the groups. However, there were no significant differences in the volumes of the putamen and GM or in ICV between @entity0 with @entity2 and controls. The results of ANCOVA by using the covariates of age and ICV showed a significant difference in the caudate nucleus, thalamus, and WM between @entity0 with @entity2 and controls (P<.05). CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that loss of WM volume may occur in @entity1 stages and that variation of the volumes of the caudate nucleus and thalamus may be an early phenomenon of disease progression.

title: Regional volume analysis of the Parkinson disease brain in XXXX stage: gray matter, white matter, striatum, and thalamus.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Total pelvic exenteration (TPE) is the standard of care for locally advanced @entity2 . This is a morbid procedure often leaving the @entity0 with two ostomy sites and an extended recovery. Bladder preservation with complete @entity1 resection is often possible in these cases and we set out to determine if limited resection of the GU tract was as effective in @entity1 control as TPE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective review of all @entity0 over a 7-year period with @entity2 invading the urinary system. These @entity0 were divided into two groups based upon the surgical procedure they received: TPE or GU tract sparing surgery. @entity1 stage, adjuvant @entity1 therapy, and complications were reviewed. Recurrence and survival rates were calculated. RESULTS: There were 19 @entity0 with @entity2 invading the GU tract. Eight @entity0 were treated with TPE and 11 @entity0 received GU tract sparing procedures. @entity1 stage and extent of disease were similar for both groups as were adjuvant/neoadjuvant therapy received. The average follow up from surgery for TPE and GU tract sparing procedures was 40 months (range 9 - 96) and 53 months (range 21.5 - 94), respectively. The limited resection and TPE groups experienced similar complication rates: 7/11 (63.6%) and 6/8 (75%) respectively. The 5-year survival rate was 37.5% and 61.4% for TPE and limited GU resections, respectively (p=0.07). CONCLUSION: The @entity1 recurrence and complication rates were similar in both groups offering no clear advantage to TPE. GU sparing surgery in the face of locally invasive @entity2 is a viable option allowing for treatment of the disease and reducing the morbidity of total pelvic exenteration.

title: Genitourinary tract preservation versus pelvic exenteration for advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity3 and to define optimal ethnic-specific waist-circumference cutoff points in a @entity5 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey conducted by random-cluster sampling of adults aged >15 years. @entity0 had demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical measurements taken, including a 75-g oral @entity4 tolerance test. @entity3 was defined using the 2009 Joint Interim Statement (JIS) definition. RESULTS: Of 947 subjects (758 @entity0 ) studied, the age-adjusted prevalence of @entity3 was 22.1%, with a higher prevalence in @entity0 (25.0%) than in @entity0 (10.5%). Peak prevalence was in the oldest age-group (>= 65 years) in @entity0 (44.2%) and in the 45- to 54-year age-group in @entity0 (25.0%). The optimal waist circumference cutoff point to predict the presence of at least two other components of the @entity3 was 86 cm for @entity0 and 92 cm for @entity0 . The crude prevalence of @entity3 was higher with the JIS definition (26.5%) than with the International @entity1 Federation (IDF) (23.3%) or the modified Third Report of the National @entity2 Education Program Adult Treatment Panel (ATPIII) (18.5%) criteria; there was very good agreement with the IDF definition (k = 0.90 [95% CI 0.87-0.94]) and good concordance with ATPIII criteria (0.77 [0.72-0.82]). CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of @entity3 , especially in @entity0 , suggesting that this community, unlike other rural communities in Africa, already has entered the epidemic of @entity3 . Waist circumference cutoff points differ from those currently recommended for Africans.

title: The prevalence of XXXX and determination of the optimal waist circumference cutoff points in a rural South african community.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish the @entity5 @entity2 mutant as a model for studying vision defects caused by syndromic @entity0 such as @entity7 , Griscelli syndrome, and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Bulked segregant analysis and candidate gene sequencing revealed that the @entity5 @entity2 mutation is a single- @entity1 insertion in the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) gene. Expression of @entity8 was determined by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. Mutants were analyzed for @entity4 and @entity3 by histology, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Phenocopy and rescue experiments determined that a loss of @entity8 results in the @entity2 phenotype. Expression of @entity8 appeared ubiquitous during @entity5 development, with stronger expression in the developing retina and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity5 @entity2 mutants exhibited reduced pigmentation in the body and @entity3 ; however, melanophore development, migration, and dispersion occurred normally. @entity3 , photoreceptors, and inner retinal neurons formed normally in @entity5 @entity2 mutants. However, a gradual loss of @entity3 , an absence of mature melanosomes, and the subsequent degradation of @entity3 /photoreceptor interdigitation was observed. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that @entity8 is not necessary for normal retinal development or initiation of melanin biosynthesis, but is essential for melanosome maturation and healthy maintenance of the @entity3 and photoreceptors.

title: The loss of XXXX ( @entity8 ) causes retinal pathogenesis in a vertebrate model of syndromic albinism.

answer: @entity8


abstract: PURPOSE: To establish the @entity5 @entity2 mutant as a model for studying vision defects caused by syndromic @entity0 such as @entity7 , Griscelli syndrome, and @entity6 ( @entity6 ). METHODS: Bulked segregant analysis and candidate gene sequencing revealed that the @entity5 @entity2 mutation is a single- @entity1 insertion in the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) gene. Expression of @entity8 was determined by RT-PCR and in situ hybridization. Mutants were analyzed for @entity4 and @entity3 by histology, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Phenocopy and rescue experiments determined that a loss of @entity8 results in the @entity2 phenotype. Expression of @entity8 appeared ubiquitous during @entity5 development, with stronger expression in the developing retina and @entity3 ( @entity3 ). @entity5 @entity2 mutants exhibited reduced pigmentation in the body and @entity3 ; however, melanophore development, migration, and dispersion occurred normally. @entity3 , photoreceptors, and inner retinal neurons formed normally in @entity5 @entity2 mutants. However, a gradual loss of @entity3 , an absence of mature melanosomes, and the subsequent degradation of @entity3 /photoreceptor interdigitation was observed. CONCLUSIONS: These data show that @entity8 is not necessary for normal retinal development or initiation of melanin biosynthesis, but is essential for melanosome maturation and healthy maintenance of the @entity3 and photoreceptors.

title: The loss of @entity8 ( XXXX ) causes retinal pathogenesis in a vertebrate model of syndromic albinism.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To test the effect of an automated system providing real-time estimates of HbA(1c), @entity2 variability, and risk for @entity3 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: For 1 year, 120 adults with type 1 @entity1 (69 female/51 male, age = 39.1 [14.3] years, duration of @entity1 20.3 [12.9] years, HbA(1c) = 8.0 [1.5]), performed self-monitoring of blood @entity2 (SMBG) and received feedback at three increasingly complex levels, each continuing for 3 months: level 1--routine SMBG; level 2--adding estimated HbA(1c), @entity3 risk, and @entity2 variability; and level 3--adding estimates of symptoms potentially related to @entity3 . The subjects were randomized to feedback sequences of either levels 1-2-3 or levels 2-3-1. HbA(1c), symptomatic @entity3 , and blood @entity2 awareness were evaluated at baseline and at the end of each level. RESULTS: For all subjects, HbA(1c) was reduced from 8.0 to 7.6 from baseline to the end of study (P = 0.001). This effect was confined to subjects with baseline HbA(1c) >8.0 (from 9.3 to 8.5, P < 0.001). Incidence of symptomatic moderate/severe @entity3 was reduced from 5.72 to 3.74 episodes/ @entity0 /month (P = 0.019), more prominently for subjects with a history of severe @entity3 (from 7.20 to 4.00 episodes, P = 0.008) and for those who were @entity3 unaware (from 6.44 to 3.71 episodes, P = 0.045). The subjects' ratings of the feedback were positive, with up to 89% approval of the provided features. CONCLUSIONS: Feedback of SMBG data and summary SMBG-based measures resulted in improvement in average glycemic control and reduction in moderate/severe @entity3 . These effects were most prominent in subjects who were at highest risk at the baseline.

title: Effect of automated bio-behavioral feedback on the control of type 1 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A core challenge in @entity1 immunotherapy is to understand the basis for efficacious vaccine responses in @entity0 @entity0 . In previous work we identified a @entity2 @entity0 who displayed a low-level antivaccine cytolytic T-cell (CTL) response in blood with @entity1 regression after vaccination with @entity2 antigens (MAGE). Using a genetic approach including @entity4 ( @entity4 ) cDNA libraries, we found very few antivaccine CTLs in regressing metastases. However, a far greater number of @entity4 sequences were found with several of these corresponding to CTL clones specific for nonvaccine @entity1 antigens, suggesting that antigen spreading was occurring in regressing metastases. In this study, we found another TCR belonging to @entity1 -specific CTL enriched in regressing metastases and detectable in blood only after vaccination. We used the @entity4 sequence to detect and clone the desired T cells from @entity1 -infiltrating lymphocytes isolated from the @entity0 . This @entity3 clone specifically lysed autologous @entity2 cells and displayed HLA-A2 restriction. Its target antigen was identified as the mitochondrial enzyme caseinolytic protease. The target antigen gene was mutated in the @entity1 , resulting in production of a neoantigen. @entity2 cell lysis by the CTL was increased by IFN-y treatment due to preferential processing of the antigenic peptide by the immunoproteasome. These results argue that @entity1 rejection effectors in the @entity0 were indeed CTL responding to nonvaccine @entity1 -specific antigens, further supporting our hypothesis. Among such antigens, the mutated antigen we found is the only antigen against which no T cells could be detected before vaccination. We propose that antigen spreading of an antitumor T-cell response to truly @entity1 -specific antigens contributes decisively to @entity1 regression.

title: Antigen spreading contributes to MAGE vaccination-induced regression of XXXX metastases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) @entity3 in @entity2 likely contributes considerably to functional changes. Investigating the mechanisms behind proliferation of these cells may lead to therapeutic benefit. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB is a well known @entity4 mitogen in vitro but has yet to be directly explored using in vivo @entity0 models in the context of @entity4 proliferation and airway responsiveness. To determine the in vivo influence of PDGF-BB on gene transcripts encoding contractile proteins, @entity4 proliferation, and airway physiology, we used an adenovirus overexpression system and a model of chronic allergen exposure. We used adenovirus technology to selectively overexpress PDGF-BB in the airway epithelium of @entity0 . Outcome measurements, including airway physiology, real time RT-PCR measurements, proliferating cell nuclear antigen staining, and airway smooth muscle quantification, were performed 7 days after exposure. The same outcome measurements were performed 24 hours and 4 weeks after a chronic allergen exposure model. PDGF-BB overexpression resulted in airway hyperresponsiveness, @entity1 , increased airway smooth muscle cell numbers, positive proliferating cell nuclear antigen-stained airway smooth muscle cells, and a reduction in genes encoding contractile proteins. Chronic allergen exposure resulted in elevations in lung lavage PDGF-BB, which were observed in conjunction with changes in gene transcript expression encoding contractile proteins and @entity4 proliferation. We demonstrate for the first time in vivo that PDGF-BB induces @entity4 and changes in lung mechanics in @entity0 and that, during periods of allergen exposure changes in lung, PDGF-BB are associated with changes in airway structure and function.

title: In vivo role of platelet-derived growth factor-BB in airway smooth muscle proliferation in XXXX lung.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is considerable evidence that hormone-driven changes resembling an inflammatory response occur in the vascular compartment during the menstrual cycle, and peripheral blood monocytes may be central in the process. We investigated whether there is a cyclical change in intrinsic production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by monocytes in the ovulatory menstrual cycle, and whether there is a circulating factor that influences the pattern of cytokine production in a cyclical manner. METHODS: Monocytes were purified by density-gradient centrifugation followed by countercurrent centrifugal elutriation, from the blood of normal @entity0 (n = 10) pre- and post-ovulation. Monocytes were cultured under basal conditions with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and to determine the effects of circulating factors, incubations were also conducted in the presence of autologous serum. Concentrations of @entity5 , @entity7 , @entity4 , @entity1 @entity2 factor ( @entity3 and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) were measured by sandwich ELISA. RESULTS: The majority of @entity5 and @entity7 was cell associated, while the other cytokines were almost entirely secreted. Basal levels of @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity3 were significantly increased following ovulation, while there was no significant change in levels of secretion of @entity4 or @entity6 . These effects were present in unstimulated cells, suggesting prior activation in vivo. Cytokine production was increased in response to LPS; however, there was no consistent effect of autologous serum. CONCLUSIONS: Intrinsic production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by monocytes is increased following ovulation.

title: Cytokine production by peripheral blood monocytes during the normal XXXX ovulatory menstrual cycle.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The inhibitory effects of Endostar in combination with radiotherapy in BALB/c @entity2 model of @entity0 CNE2 @entity3 and the mechanism were investigated. In @entity2 model of CNE2 @entity3 , the inhibitory rate and the sensitizing enhancement ratio (E/O) were calculated according to the @entity1 volumes in different groups. The expression of microvascular density (MVD) in @entity1 tissues was examined by using immunohistochemistry staining. The transcription of @entity4 gene was detected by using RT-PCR. The inhibitory rate in Endostar+ radiotherapy group was higher than in other groups. In Endostar+radiotherapy group, the @entity1 volume was significantly decreased and the E/O ratio was 2.335, suggesting that Endostar could be a radiosensitizer. The expression of MVD of @entity1 tissues in Endostar+radiotherapy group was reduced significantly. The expression of the MVD in treatment groups was significantly different from that in control group (P<0.05). Compared to other groups, @entity4 mRNA expression in Endostar+radiotherapy group was decreased remarkably. Endostar in combination with radiotherapy significantly inhibited the growth of CNE2 @entity1 . The combination therapy decreased the expression of @entity4 , and inhibited @entity1 angiogenesis and proliferation. When combined with radiotherapy, Endostar acted as a radiosensitizer.

title: Inhibitory effect of endostar in combination with radiotherapy in a @entity2 model of @entity0 CNE2 XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The inhibitory effects of Endostar in combination with radiotherapy in BALB/c @entity2 model of @entity0 CNE2 @entity3 and the mechanism were investigated. In @entity2 model of CNE2 @entity3 , the inhibitory rate and the sensitizing enhancement ratio (E/O) were calculated according to the @entity1 volumes in different groups. The expression of microvascular density (MVD) in @entity1 tissues was examined by using immunohistochemistry staining. The transcription of @entity4 gene was detected by using RT-PCR. The inhibitory rate in Endostar+ radiotherapy group was higher than in other groups. In Endostar+radiotherapy group, the @entity1 volume was significantly decreased and the E/O ratio was 2.335, suggesting that Endostar could be a radiosensitizer. The expression of MVD of @entity1 tissues in Endostar+radiotherapy group was reduced significantly. The expression of the MVD in treatment groups was significantly different from that in control group (P<0.05). Compared to other groups, @entity4 mRNA expression in Endostar+radiotherapy group was decreased remarkably. Endostar in combination with radiotherapy significantly inhibited the growth of CNE2 @entity1 . The combination therapy decreased the expression of @entity4 , and inhibited @entity1 angiogenesis and proliferation. When combined with radiotherapy, Endostar acted as a radiosensitizer.

title: Inhibitory effect of endostar in combination with radiotherapy in a XXXX model of @entity0 CNE2 @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The inhibitory effects of Endostar in combination with radiotherapy in BALB/c @entity2 model of @entity0 CNE2 @entity3 and the mechanism were investigated. In @entity2 model of CNE2 @entity3 , the inhibitory rate and the sensitizing enhancement ratio (E/O) were calculated according to the @entity1 volumes in different groups. The expression of microvascular density (MVD) in @entity1 tissues was examined by using immunohistochemistry staining. The transcription of @entity4 gene was detected by using RT-PCR. The inhibitory rate in Endostar+ radiotherapy group was higher than in other groups. In Endostar+radiotherapy group, the @entity1 volume was significantly decreased and the E/O ratio was 2.335, suggesting that Endostar could be a radiosensitizer. The expression of MVD of @entity1 tissues in Endostar+radiotherapy group was reduced significantly. The expression of the MVD in treatment groups was significantly different from that in control group (P<0.05). Compared to other groups, @entity4 mRNA expression in Endostar+radiotherapy group was decreased remarkably. Endostar in combination with radiotherapy significantly inhibited the growth of CNE2 @entity1 . The combination therapy decreased the expression of @entity4 , and inhibited @entity1 angiogenesis and proliferation. When combined with radiotherapy, Endostar acted as a radiosensitizer.

title: Inhibitory effect of endostar in combination with radiotherapy in a @entity2 model of XXXX CNE2 @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is overexpressed in a significant proportion of esophageal and @entity3 . Although previous studies have examined @entity5 kinase inhibitors of @entity4 , there remains limited data regarding the role of @entity4 -directed monoclonal antibody therapy in these @entity1 . We carried out a multi-institutional phase II study of cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody against @entity4 , in @entity0 with unresectable or metastatic esophageal or @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty-five @entity0 with previously treated metastatic esophageal or @entity3 were treated with weekly cetuximab, at an initial dose of 400 mg/m(2) followed by weekly infusions at 250 mg/m(2). @entity0 were followed for @entity2 , treatment response, and survival. RESULTS: Treatment with cetuximab was well tolerated; no @entity0 were taken off study due to drug-related adverse events. One (3%) partial treatment response was noted. Two (6%) @entity0 had stable disease after 2 months of treatment. Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 1.6 and 3.1 months, respectively. CONCLUSION: Although well tolerated, cetuximab administered as a single agent had minimal clinical activity in @entity0 with metastatic esophageal and @entity3 . Ongoing studies of @entity4 inhibitors in combination with other agents may define a role for these agents in the treatment of esophageal and @entity3 .

title: A multicenter phase II trial of single-agent cetuximab in advanced esophageal and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Recently, high frequencies of @entity1 have been reported in amphibians across the United States. It has been suggested that the @entity1 may be the result of xenobiotic disruption of @entity0 signaling pathways during embryogenesis and tadpole development. Therefore, a series of experiments were undertaken to examine life-stage specific effects of continuous @entity0 exposure on @entity3 . Continuous @entity4 (RA) concentrations were delivered using a column saturator and a flow-through diluter system. Stage 8 embryos were exposed to RA concentrations ranging from 0.013 to 2 microgram/l. At the onset of hindlimb bud emergence (NF stage 48), a subset of tadpoles was moved to clean water, and remaining organisms were exposed continuously through metamorphosis. In addition, early limb-bud-stage tadpoles were exposed for 1 week, 2 weeks, or until tail resorption was complete, to eight concentrations of RA in the range of 0.031-3 microgram/l. RA exposure resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in mortality and dysmorphogenesis in embryos at concentrations of 0.24 microgram/l and above. However, this early embryonic exposure did not result in @entity2 in surviving tadpoles allowed to mature in clean water. RA did not induce @entity5 in any surviving tadpole exposed during larval stages. We are confident that the concentrations used were high enough, given that the highest concentration used resulted in 100% mortality within 2 weeks of initiating the exposure. This result suggests that other aspects of growth and development, which are not externally obvious, are more sensitive to @entity6 than skeletal development. From these experiments and our previous work, we conclude that it is unlikely that @entity0 mimics would produce the spectrum of @entity5 which recently have been observed in amphibians collected from the field.

title: Comparing the effects of stage and duration of @entity4 exposure on amphibian limb development: chronic exposure results in mortality, not XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Recently, high frequencies of @entity1 have been reported in amphibians across the United States. It has been suggested that the @entity1 may be the result of xenobiotic disruption of @entity0 signaling pathways during embryogenesis and tadpole development. Therefore, a series of experiments were undertaken to examine life-stage specific effects of continuous @entity0 exposure on @entity3 . Continuous @entity4 (RA) concentrations were delivered using a column saturator and a flow-through diluter system. Stage 8 embryos were exposed to RA concentrations ranging from 0.013 to 2 microgram/l. At the onset of hindlimb bud emergence (NF stage 48), a subset of tadpoles was moved to clean water, and remaining organisms were exposed continuously through metamorphosis. In addition, early limb-bud-stage tadpoles were exposed for 1 week, 2 weeks, or until tail resorption was complete, to eight concentrations of RA in the range of 0.031-3 microgram/l. RA exposure resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in mortality and dysmorphogenesis in embryos at concentrations of 0.24 microgram/l and above. However, this early embryonic exposure did not result in @entity2 in surviving tadpoles allowed to mature in clean water. RA did not induce @entity5 in any surviving tadpole exposed during larval stages. We are confident that the concentrations used were high enough, given that the highest concentration used resulted in 100% mortality within 2 weeks of initiating the exposure. This result suggests that other aspects of growth and development, which are not externally obvious, are more sensitive to @entity6 than skeletal development. From these experiments and our previous work, we conclude that it is unlikely that @entity0 mimics would produce the spectrum of @entity5 which recently have been observed in amphibians collected from the field.

title: Comparing the effects of stage and duration of XXXX exposure on amphibian limb development: chronic exposure results in mortality, not @entity5 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Effective and total left ventricular (LV) @entity1 volume were assessed in 31 @entity0 with verified @entity2 , or both, and in 22 @entity0 with normal valvular function using combined first-pass and equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. The difference between these 2 volumes as a fraction of LV @entity1 volume was taken as the radionuclide regurgitant fraction. The results were compared with the LV/right ventricular (RV) @entity1 count ratio and with the angiographic regurgitant fraction according to the method of Sandler and Dodge. Radionuclide regurgitant fraction derived from 2 determinations with a time interval of 1 week showed good reproducibility (n = 15, r = 0.96, SEE = 9.1). Sensitivity was 100% for radionuclide regurgitant fraction and 87% for LV/RV @entity1 count ratio at equal specificity (100%). Radionuclide regurgitant fraction was more sensitive, especially in severely ill @entity0 , in whom additional RV @entity3 led to false-low or false-negative ratios. Angiographic and radionuclide regurgitant fraction showed linear correlation (r = 0.79, p less than 0.001). In contrast, because 5 @entity0 had RV @entity3 , only a weak correlation could be noticed between angiography and LV/RV @entity1 count ratio (r = 0.47, p less than 0.05). Excluding these @entity0 , correlation substantially improved (r = 0.74, p less than 0.001). The combination of first-pass and equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography is a sensitive, specific and well reproducible method for the evaluation of @entity2 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Combined first-pass and equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography and comparison with left ventricular/right XXXX count ratio in @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Effective and total left ventricular (LV) @entity1 volume were assessed in 31 @entity0 with verified @entity2 , or both, and in 22 @entity0 with normal valvular function using combined first-pass and equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography. The difference between these 2 volumes as a fraction of LV @entity1 volume was taken as the radionuclide regurgitant fraction. The results were compared with the LV/right ventricular (RV) @entity1 count ratio and with the angiographic regurgitant fraction according to the method of Sandler and Dodge. Radionuclide regurgitant fraction derived from 2 determinations with a time interval of 1 week showed good reproducibility (n = 15, r = 0.96, SEE = 9.1). Sensitivity was 100% for radionuclide regurgitant fraction and 87% for LV/RV @entity1 count ratio at equal specificity (100%). Radionuclide regurgitant fraction was more sensitive, especially in severely ill @entity0 , in whom additional RV @entity3 led to false-low or false-negative ratios. Angiographic and radionuclide regurgitant fraction showed linear correlation (r = 0.79, p less than 0.001). In contrast, because 5 @entity0 had RV @entity3 , only a weak correlation could be noticed between angiography and LV/RV @entity1 count ratio (r = 0.47, p less than 0.05). Excluding these @entity0 , correlation substantially improved (r = 0.74, p less than 0.001). The combination of first-pass and equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography is a sensitive, specific and well reproducible method for the evaluation of @entity2 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Combined first-pass and equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography and comparison with left ventricular/right @entity1 count ratio in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 deletion/duplication analysis may serve as a useful adjunct to sequence analysis. Our purpose was to develop a robust assay for @entity1 deletion/duplication analysis and determine its role in evaluating @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: A single tube semi-quantitative fluorescent PCR assay capable of detecting deletions and duplications in the @entity1 cluster and the associated locus control region (LCR) was developed and validated. RESULTS: Six hundred seventy one de-identified samples submitted for @entity1 sequence analysis were tested for deletions and duplications of the @entity1 cluster. Twenty-two deletions were detected (3%, 22/671). Seventeen of the 22 (82%) deletion samples were negative for mutations in the whole gene sequencing assay. For 5 of the samples, homozygous point mutations were inferred by @entity1 sequencing. Among the deletions detected, 11 (50%) involved only the @entity1 gene (5 covering the entire gene, 2 spanning the 5' end of the gene and 4 encompassing the 3' end of the gene). Ten samples (45%) were heterozygous delta-beta deletions spanning both the delta globin and @entity1 genes. One @entity0 with a single deletion had Hb Lepore. CONCLUSION: @entity1 deletion/duplication analysis is necessary to correctly identify the genotype in some @entity0 being evaluated for @entity2 .

title: The importance of b globin deletion analysis in the evaluation of XXXX with b thalassemia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Congenital @entity3 of the extraocular muscles (CFEOM) describes a group of rare @entity6 that result from the dysfunction of all or part of the oculomotor (CN 3) and the trochlear (CN 4) nerves, and/or the muscles these nerves innervate. AIM: To describe the clinical and neuro-radiological findings in three @entity0 with CFEOM and review literature with respect to clinical features, genetics and management of this condition. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed of three Omani @entity0 who had been diagnosed with CFEOM in our institution. All @entity0 had undergone standardized orthoptic and ocular evaluations and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the orbits and brain. RESULTS: The three @entity0 (age range nine months - 10 years) presented a history of congenital strabismus. All @entity0 had severe @entity7 and mild to moderate @entity4 secondary to the @entity7 and @entity5 . Two of three @entity0 demonstrated a positive @entity8 . A moderate to large angle exotropia with varying amount of hypotropia and limitations of almost all the extra ocular muscles was noted. @entity0 3 was also developmentally delayed. MRI brain and orbit showed abnormalities of the extraocular muscles in two @entity0 and @entity2 in one @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: CFEOM is a rare, congenital, and @entity1 with multiple extra ocular muscle restrictions. CFEOM can be associated with neuro-radiological abnormalities; its diagnosis and classification is defined by clinical characteristics and genetics. Options for treatment are limited and difficult.

title: Congenital XXXX of the extraocular muscles.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Electrolytic production of @entity7 in former Czechoslovakia started in the year 1953 in the   iar valley in the central Slovakia. However, till 1995 the hygienic conditions for health protection were not met in the factory. It underwent a reconstruction afterwards.The authors demonstrate cases of @entity4 (currently rare in Europe) in 14 metallurgists which were all disclosed in foundry workers in   iar nad Hronom as to the year 2005. The occupational disease was diagnosed after 17.7    7.67 years (x  SD) of exposure in the foundry.The authors describe the clinical conditions, haematological and biochemical tests (decreased level of ionising @entity2 was found in serum). The content of @entity5 in urine was increased (254.4  130.95   mol/l). The average age of @entity0 at the time of recognition of the professional etiology of the disease was 57.93  7.95 years. Eight @entity0 were older than 60 years. @entity3 were evaluated by using X-ray skiagraphy, estimating the Stage I-III of the @entity4 . Typically an increase of bone density was found, the compact part of long bones was coarsed, there were calcifications of the interosseous membrane between radius and ulna and some ossifications of the sacrospinal and sacrotuberous ligaments. Twelve @entity0 suffered @entity1 , chronic @entity6 was found in 6 @entity0 (two of them were smokers).The last occupational case was registered in the year 2001. The authors assume that @entity7 production with modern technology of better safety and protection of health of workers is the key which will make the @entity4 the history in the Czech and Slovak Republic.

title: @entity4 from the point of view of an occupational exposure to XXXX in former Czechoslovakia.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Electrolytic production of @entity7 in former Czechoslovakia started in the year 1953 in the   iar valley in the central Slovakia. However, till 1995 the hygienic conditions for health protection were not met in the factory. It underwent a reconstruction afterwards.The authors demonstrate cases of @entity4 (currently rare in Europe) in 14 metallurgists which were all disclosed in foundry workers in   iar nad Hronom as to the year 2005. The occupational disease was diagnosed after 17.7    7.67 years (x  SD) of exposure in the foundry.The authors describe the clinical conditions, haematological and biochemical tests (decreased level of ionising @entity2 was found in serum). The content of @entity5 in urine was increased (254.4  130.95   mol/l). The average age of @entity0 at the time of recognition of the professional etiology of the disease was 57.93  7.95 years. Eight @entity0 were older than 60 years. @entity3 were evaluated by using X-ray skiagraphy, estimating the Stage I-III of the @entity4 . Typically an increase of bone density was found, the compact part of long bones was coarsed, there were calcifications of the interosseous membrane between radius and ulna and some ossifications of the sacrospinal and sacrotuberous ligaments. Twelve @entity0 suffered @entity1 , chronic @entity6 was found in 6 @entity0 (two of them were smokers).The last occupational case was registered in the year 2001. The authors assume that @entity7 production with modern technology of better safety and protection of health of workers is the key which will make the @entity4 the history in the Czech and Slovak Republic.

title: XXXX from the point of view of an occupational exposure to @entity5 in former Czechoslovakia.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 in its early phase results in a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the clinician. Individuals with @entity2 can be grouped according with their different clinical features such as the presence or absence of @entity3 . Early illness detection and treatment is usually associated with a better prognosis. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to compare the clinical features, functionality and stigma of @entity0 with @entity2 with @entity3 at onset. METHOD: A total sample of 175 @entity2 outpatients completed clinical assessment (YMRS and HAM-D), functionality (FAST), and stigma (ISE) scales. All @entity0 were clinically stable for at least three months and were following active maintenance treatment regimens. RESULTS: The @entity3 group consisted of 70 @entity0 and the non- @entity3 group 105 @entity0 . Statistical significant differences were found between @entity0 with and without @entity3 features regarding sex, age at diagnosis, perceived @entity1 . Bipolar @entity0 with @entity3 at onset received an early treatment. DISCUSSION: Clinical differences found in both groups of @entity2 @entity0 have therapeutic implications which may account for different outcomes. Differential interventions could be designed according to each clinical group. Special attention should be paid to @entity2 first episode features.

title: [First @entity3 in XXXX : clinical differentiation and functional impact in an Argentinean national sample].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 in its early phase results in a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for the clinician. Individuals with @entity2 can be grouped according with their different clinical features such as the presence or absence of @entity3 . Early illness detection and treatment is usually associated with a better prognosis. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this study was to compare the clinical features, functionality and stigma of @entity0 with @entity2 with @entity3 at onset. METHOD: A total sample of 175 @entity2 outpatients completed clinical assessment (YMRS and HAM-D), functionality (FAST), and stigma (ISE) scales. All @entity0 were clinically stable for at least three months and were following active maintenance treatment regimens. RESULTS: The @entity3 group consisted of 70 @entity0 and the non- @entity3 group 105 @entity0 . Statistical significant differences were found between @entity0 with and without @entity3 features regarding sex, age at diagnosis, perceived @entity1 . Bipolar @entity0 with @entity3 at onset received an early treatment. DISCUSSION: Clinical differences found in both groups of @entity2 @entity0 have therapeutic implications which may account for different outcomes. Differential interventions could be designed according to each clinical group. Special attention should be paid to @entity2 first episode features.

title: [First XXXX in @entity2 : clinical differentiation and functional impact in an Argentinean national sample].

answer: @entity3


abstract: A fifteen year-old @entity0 presented with several @entity2 after a road traffic accident. Five days later, fat @entity6 occurred, complicated by @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity9 ( @entity9 ). She was successfully managed in the intensive therapy unit, and was transferred to a general surgery after five weeks. @entity4 and fever persisted without any other sign of @entity3 . Clinical examination showed exophthalmos and a thyroid murmur. The venous concentration of T4 was increased: 204 nmol . 1(-1) (N: 70-150), whereas that of T3 was normal: 2.3 nmol . 1(-1) (N: 1-1.25). No other investigations were performed. The regression of clinical symptoms and a normalization of T4 were seen after treatment ( @entity8 and @entity10 ). Post-traumatic @entity7 is discussed. Although classical, this syndrome was not well documented, as was shown in the literature survey. After @entity1 or an acute illness, an early fall in thyroid hormone concentrations was usually seen; a late increase in T4 was a rare occurrence.

title: [Post-traumatic hyperthyroxinemia or XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: A series of 31 cases of @entity0 affected by @entity1 , out of a total of 120 presenting with Sch  @entity6 , observed in a period of seven years is reviewed. 87% of the @entity0 evidenced renal involvement in the first month of disease. The manifestations of @entity1 were: Isolated @entity4 . @entity4 - @entity3 less than 40 mg/m2/h. @entity5 . @entity5 . @entity5 @entity2 . Biopsy was performed in 13 cases (41.9%). With regard to the ISKDC rules, the histological classification was: type I, one @entity0 ; type II, three @entity0 ; type III, seven @entity0 ; type V, one @entity0 ; type VI, one @entity0 . Evolution was favorable in 30 cases, independently of treatment applied, and a complete remission was obtained in all of them.

title: [ XXXX in childhood. Clinical and histologic study of 31 cases].

answer: @entity1


abstract: During the 4-year military conflict in Croatia, we treated operatively 7,928 casualties. Of those casualties, 172 (2.2%) had penetrating @entity2 , mostly sustained by explosive devices. Of these injuries, 90.7% were associated with the @entity3 of other abdominal and extra-abdominal organs. Seventy-five percent of injuries belonged to grades III and IV on the @entity2 Scale. The main method of treatment was debridement with ligation of severed vessels and bile ducts. In 8.1% of cases with detrimental @entity4 , we used liver packing. Fifty percent of these @entity0 have survived but with a high incidence of septic complications. This method was proven salutary in the most detrimental injuries that could not be treated in any other way. @entity1 and @entity5 were complications that needed surgical and ultrasound-guided aspiration, respectively. Numerous heavy injuries of the liver combined with associated @entity3 of other vital organs are responsible for the high mortality rate of 28.5%.

title: Penetrating XXXX : a report on 172 cases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breast and @entity1 continue to represent major health challenges for African American @entity0 . among Caucasian @entity0 . The underlying reasons for this disparity are multifactorial and include lack of education and awareness of screening and early detection. Traditional educational methods have enjoyed varied success in the African American community and spawned development of novel educational approaches. Community based education programs employing a variety of educational models have been introduced. Successful programs must train and provide lay community members with the tools necessary to deliver strong educational programs. METHODS: The Witness Project is a theory-based, breast and @entity1 educational program, delivered by African American @entity0 , that stresses the importance of early detection and screening to improve survival and teaches @entity0 how to perform breast self examination. Implementing this program in the Buffalo Witness Project of Buffalo required several modifications in the curriculum, integration of non-traditional learning tools and focused training in clinical study participation. The educational approaches utilized included repetition, modeling, building comprehension, reinforcement, hands on learning, a social story on breast health for African American @entity0 , and role play conversations about breast and cervical health and support. RESULTS: Incorporating non-traditional educational approaches into the Witness Project training resulted in a 79% improvement in the number of @entity0 who mastered the didactic information. A seventy-two percent study participation rate was achieved by educating the community organizations that hosted Witness Project programs about the informed consent process and study participation. CONCLUSION: Incorporating non-traditional educational approaches into community outreach programs increases training success as well as community participation.

title: An evaluation of the integration of non-traditional learning tools into a community based breast and XXXX education program: the Witness Project of Buffalo.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Ninety-five specimens taken from 82 cases of superficial @entity4 limited within the submucosal layer were studied to clarify the developmental changes of early @entity4 . Esophageal epithelium was also open to cancerous or @entity6 changes. Cancers limited to the mucosal layer were grossly classified as follows. 1) those progressing to @entity2 in situ of several millimeters to 2-5 cm in size, then invading deep beyond the mucosa, and 2) those invading beyond the mucosal layer to proliferate before reaching several millimeters in extent. Most of the resected cases belonged to type 1. which was flat in form with @entity5 or sclerohypertrophic appearance of the mucosa. These findings depended on the degree of cellular atypism and histological differentiation. Almost all @entity0 lesions less than 2 cm in size were of macroscopically protruding or depressed type. Many cases were simple type without intraepithelial spreading around the @entity1 and seemed to develop with in micro- @entity0 nests. Superficial circularly spreading @entity0 was one of the complex types observed with intraepithelial @entity0 around the @entity1 . Most superficial spreading cancers originating as large flat epithelial lesions, and the protrusions or @entity3 found in the lesions were considered to have developed as secondary changes occurring during the course of change. Vessel-invasion of superficial @entity4 was also discussed.

title: [Clinicopathological study of XXXX in the early stage and its later development].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical and radiological manifestations of primary @entity2 in order to improve the diagnosis of this rare disease. METHODS: Seven cases of primary @entity2 which was confirmed by pathology of surgical specimens were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Three cases were benign (1 of pulmonary parenchymal origin and 2 of bronchial origin) and 4 were malignant (3 of pulmonary parenchymal origin and 1 of bronchial origin). There were four male and three female @entity0 , age ranging from 31 to 74 years. All the 7 cases had chest X-ray films and 6 cases had chest CT examinations. The major complains included slight hemoptysis, cough, fever, @entity3 and @entity6 . Bronchoscopy showed @entity1 in 3 cases and partial stenosis of bronchus in 2 cases. Radiology showed nodules in the left main bronchus in 2 cases. Solitary mass was found in 4 cases and multiple masses (2 lesions) were found in one @entity0 . The margin of the lesions was smooth in 3 cases (one malignant and two benign) and irregular in another three cases (all malignant). Chest CT showed reticular enhancement in one case (benign), heterogeneous enhancement in 4 cases (3 malignant and 1 benign), and peripheral enhancement with a large central hypodense area in one case (malignant). Compression of the @entity4 and ribs was prominent in 2 @entity0 . @entity5 and blood vessel infiltration were evident in 3 @entity0 with @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Primary @entity2 is rare. The symptoms and CT manifestations are nonspecific. The size and the density of the @entity1 are not helpful in differentiating @entity1 from the benign one. Marginal irregularity and invasion of adjacent structures are suggestive of @entity1 .

title: [Primary XXXX : clinical analysis of 7 cases and review of the literature].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity13 is a common cause of @entity2 in developing countries and a major cause of @entity6 worldwide. A unique characteristic of @entity0 @entity13 is that the living parasite is very well tolerated in @entity0 brain, so symptoms and clinical disease primarily result from death of the organism and accompanying inflammatory reaction in the @entity0 CNS. Among the diverse clinical manifestations of @entity0 @entity13 , @entity7 are the most common, but other clinical problems occur, depending upon the localisation and viability of the parasite. Although both @entity9 and @entity11 are effective agents, there is controversy about their role in several forms of the disease. Systematic reviews have pointed out the limited quality of available data on therapy. At a recent international conference convened to develop guidelines for treatment of this disease, areas of consensus and disagreement on the role of antiparasitic therapy were discussed. It was clear to all that @entity12 cannot be regarded as a single disorder; treatment needs to be modified based on the location and number of cysticerci and the host response. There was a strong consensus that there is no role for antiparasitic drugs in @entity0 with only calcified lesions. Studies suggest that @entity0 with single enhancing lesions will do well regardless of antiparasitic therapy. Antiparasitic drugs are contraindicated in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity4 ). Most experts strongly recommend antiparasitic therapy in @entity0 with multiple @entity8 or @entity10 . In @entity0 with @entity3 , endoscopic removal is the preferred therapy. However, recent evidence suggests that placement of a ventricular shunt followed by antiparasitic therapy is an acceptable alternative. Standard treatment for localization-related @entity6 is effective for @entity7 caused by @entity12 . In general, @entity7 are easily controlled in this illness. While many controversies regarding the treatment of @entity0 with @entity13 were not resolved at the international consensus conference, @entity0 did conclude that controlled prospective studies are required to define optimal therapy for the @entity5 and that treatment of infected individuals must be individualised.

title: Management of XXXX .

answer: @entity13


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of corticosteroids on the prognosis of @entity6 . METHOD: There were analysis and comparison on the prognosis of natural course and corticosteroids therapy of 133 @entity0 with @entity6 diagnosed by biopsy pathologic histology follow-up over 4 years. RESULTS: Six of the 7 @entity0 with @entity8 were cured by oral @entity3 (PRED), and 1 @entity0 receiving intraocular @entity7 lost his sight. In @entity0 with extra- @entity9 who were not treated, 33 of the 38 cases underwent spontaneous remission, but another 5 cases progressed. Twenty-two of the 26 @entity0 with stage I @entity5 underwent spontaneous remission, 3 progressed, with only one case cured by PRED therapy. In the 55 @entity0 with stage II @entity9 who received PRED therapy, the chest roentgenogram and lung function were back to normal in 45 cases, but 10 cases failed. One @entity0 with @entity1 without treatment progressed to stage IV. Three @entity0 with stage III @entity9 were cured by PRED therapy, but III @entity0 with stage IV @entity6 failed to respond to PRED therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic therapy with oral corticosteroids for ocular and stage II approximately III @entity9 is a curative intervention. @entity4 can relieve symptoms, reduce @entity2 , and improve the prognosis of ocular and @entity9 .

title: [The effect of therapeutic intervention with @entity4 on outcome and prognosis of XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of corticosteroids on the prognosis of @entity6 . METHOD: There were analysis and comparison on the prognosis of natural course and corticosteroids therapy of 133 @entity0 with @entity6 diagnosed by biopsy pathologic histology follow-up over 4 years. RESULTS: Six of the 7 @entity0 with @entity8 were cured by oral @entity3 (PRED), and 1 @entity0 receiving intraocular @entity7 lost his sight. In @entity0 with extra- @entity9 who were not treated, 33 of the 38 cases underwent spontaneous remission, but another 5 cases progressed. Twenty-two of the 26 @entity0 with stage I @entity5 underwent spontaneous remission, 3 progressed, with only one case cured by PRED therapy. In the 55 @entity0 with stage II @entity9 who received PRED therapy, the chest roentgenogram and lung function were back to normal in 45 cases, but 10 cases failed. One @entity0 with @entity1 without treatment progressed to stage IV. Three @entity0 with stage III @entity9 were cured by PRED therapy, but III @entity0 with stage IV @entity6 failed to respond to PRED therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Systematic therapy with oral corticosteroids for ocular and stage II approximately III @entity9 is a curative intervention. @entity4 can relieve symptoms, reduce @entity2 , and improve the prognosis of ocular and @entity9 .

title: [The effect of therapeutic intervention with XXXX on outcome and prognosis of @entity6 ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Three experiments were performed to test the following hypotheses: 1) stallions and/or @entity4 - @entity1 -treated geldings could serve as models for the effects of a single implant of the @entity3 analog, @entity6 , on LH and FSH secretion by mares; and 2) multiple implants of @entity6 could be used as a means of inducing @entity0 in mares for future study of the mechanisms involved in the @entity2 observed in some mares after a single implant. In Exp. 1, nine light @entity5 stallions received either a single deslorelin implant (n = 5) or a sham injection (n = 4) on d 0. In Exp. 2, 12 geldings received daily injections of @entity4 on d -20 through -4, followed by twice-daily injections of @entity1 on d -2 to 0. On the morning of d 0, geldings received either a single deslorelin implant (n = 6) or a sham injection (n = 6). Daily injections of @entity4 were resumed on d 2 through 15. In Exp. 1, plasma LH and FSH were elevated (P < 0.05) in the treatment group relative to controls at 4, 8, and 12 h after implant insertion. In the treated stallions, FSH was decreased (P < 0.05) on d 3 to 13, and LH was decreased on d 6 to 13. In Exp. 2, plasma LH and FSH were elevated (P < 0.05) at 4,8, and 12 h after deslorelin implant insertion. Plasma LH was suppressed (P < 0.05) below controls on d 2 to 7, 9, and 11 to 15; plasma FSH was suppressed (P < 0.05) on d 4 to 15. In Exp. 3, 21 mares were used to determine whether multiple doses of deslorelin would cause @entity0 . Mares received one of three treatments: 1) sham injections; 2) three implants on the first day; or 3) one implant per day for 3 d (n = 7 per group). Treatment with multiple implants increased (P < 0.05) the interovulatory interval by 14.8 d and suppressed (P < 0.01) LH and FSH concentrations for approximately 25 d; no mare exhibited @entity0 . In conclusion, after an initial short-term increase in LH and FSH secretion, deslorelin implants caused long-term suppression of both gonadotropins in stallions as well as in geldings treated with @entity4 and @entity1 to mimic the estrous cycle. It is likely that either of these models may be useful for further study of this suppression in @entity5 . Although multiple implants in mares suppressed gonadotropin secretion longer than a single implant, the lack of @entity0 indicates that the @entity2 observed after a single implant in previous experiments was likely due to the susceptibility of individual mares.

title: Effects of XXXX implants in @entity5 : single implants in stallions and steroid-treated geldings and multiple implants in mares.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Three experiments were performed to test the following hypotheses: 1) stallions and/or @entity4 - @entity1 -treated geldings could serve as models for the effects of a single implant of the @entity3 analog, @entity6 , on LH and FSH secretion by mares; and 2) multiple implants of @entity6 could be used as a means of inducing @entity0 in mares for future study of the mechanisms involved in the @entity2 observed in some mares after a single implant. In Exp. 1, nine light @entity5 stallions received either a single deslorelin implant (n = 5) or a sham injection (n = 4) on d 0. In Exp. 2, 12 geldings received daily injections of @entity4 on d -20 through -4, followed by twice-daily injections of @entity1 on d -2 to 0. On the morning of d 0, geldings received either a single deslorelin implant (n = 6) or a sham injection (n = 6). Daily injections of @entity4 were resumed on d 2 through 15. In Exp. 1, plasma LH and FSH were elevated (P < 0.05) in the treatment group relative to controls at 4, 8, and 12 h after implant insertion. In the treated stallions, FSH was decreased (P < 0.05) on d 3 to 13, and LH was decreased on d 6 to 13. In Exp. 2, plasma LH and FSH were elevated (P < 0.05) at 4,8, and 12 h after deslorelin implant insertion. Plasma LH was suppressed (P < 0.05) below controls on d 2 to 7, 9, and 11 to 15; plasma FSH was suppressed (P < 0.05) on d 4 to 15. In Exp. 3, 21 mares were used to determine whether multiple doses of deslorelin would cause @entity0 . Mares received one of three treatments: 1) sham injections; 2) three implants on the first day; or 3) one implant per day for 3 d (n = 7 per group). Treatment with multiple implants increased (P < 0.05) the interovulatory interval by 14.8 d and suppressed (P < 0.01) LH and FSH concentrations for approximately 25 d; no mare exhibited @entity0 . In conclusion, after an initial short-term increase in LH and FSH secretion, deslorelin implants caused long-term suppression of both gonadotropins in stallions as well as in geldings treated with @entity4 and @entity1 to mimic the estrous cycle. It is likely that either of these models may be useful for further study of this suppression in @entity5 . Although multiple implants in mares suppressed gonadotropin secretion longer than a single implant, the lack of @entity0 indicates that the @entity2 observed after a single implant in previous experiments was likely due to the susceptibility of individual mares.

title: Effects of @entity6 implants in XXXX : single implants in stallions and steroid-treated geldings and multiple implants in mares.

answer: @entity5


abstract: CT Angiography (CTA) is an established technique for the minimally invasive imaging of arteries. The technique of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is often used to get a comprehensive overview of the vascular anatomy. On a @entity3 , however, arterial wall @entity1 may hinder the visualization of the arterial lumen. These @entity1 are in direct contact with the contrast-enhanced blood, which makes removal difficult. We present a local subtraction method for the automatic removal of these @entity1 . In our approach a second CT scan has to be made, prior to contrast injection. The @entity1 in both scans are registered prior to subtraction to compensate for displacements in between the two scans. Local subtraction results are compared with results obtained by thresholding. The method was tested in a phantom and with data from four @entity0 . The phantom represented an artery with different types of @entity2 . Data were used from @entity0 for which CTA of the renal arteries was performed. For two @entity0 the electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded during the CTA examination, making retrospective cardiac gated reconstructions possible. Both the phantom and the @entity0 study showed that the local subtraction method is capable of removing @entity1 and visualizing the residual lumen. In the @entity0 study it appeared that some artifacts remained for higher pitch values. We conclude that the local subtraction method is less subjective and more accurate than thresholding. Best results are obtained by use of a small pitch, at the expense of the volume covered during a single breath hold.

title: Removal of arterial wall XXXX in CT angiography by local subtraction.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the contemporary role of the glycoprotein (GYP) IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors abciximab, eptifibatide, and @entity5 in @entity0 undergoing @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and those with an @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and to provide an algorithm based on currently available evidence for specific agents. DATA SOURCES: Primary articles were identified by a MEDLINE search (1966-January 2003); references cited in these articles provided additional resources. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All of the articles identified from data sources were considered for relevant information; this article primarily addresses large, controlled or comparative studies, and meta-analyses. DATA SYNTHESIS: The role of GYP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in @entity0 undergoing @entity1 and those with @entity3 has progressed markedly. To date, abciximab has the most robust data in @entity0 undergoing @entity1 , particularly high-risk individuals. In @entity1 @entity0 with lower risk (e.g., elective stenting), eptifibatide is a reasonable first-line option. Data do not support @entity5 for routine use in @entity0 undergoing @entity1 . For individuals with signs and symptoms of @entity3 , specifically @entity4 or non-ST-segment elevation @entity2 ( @entity2 ), eptifibatide or @entity5 is recommended in high-risk @entity0 when a conservative approach is used ( @entity1 is not planned). Abciximab is not recommended in this situation. In @entity0 with ST-segment elevation @entity2 (STEMI), abciximab is the only GYP IIb/IIIa inhibitor evaluated in large, well-designed investigations. For medical management in combination with a fibrinolytic agent, the role of abciximab remains unclear. For @entity0 undergoing primary @entity1 for the management of STEMI, the available evidence supports the use of abciximab, albeit further investigation is warranted. CONCLUSIONS: The role of GYP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in clinical cardiology continues to evolve. Choice of the agent depends on situation of use, @entity0 -specific characteristics and risk stratification, and, in the case of @entity3 , chosen management strategy (medical management or intervention).

title: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors in XXXX and @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the contemporary role of the glycoprotein (GYP) IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors abciximab, eptifibatide, and @entity5 in @entity0 undergoing @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and those with an @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and to provide an algorithm based on currently available evidence for specific agents. DATA SOURCES: Primary articles were identified by a MEDLINE search (1966-January 2003); references cited in these articles provided additional resources. STUDY SELECTION AND DATA EXTRACTION: All of the articles identified from data sources were considered for relevant information; this article primarily addresses large, controlled or comparative studies, and meta-analyses. DATA SYNTHESIS: The role of GYP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in @entity0 undergoing @entity1 and those with @entity3 has progressed markedly. To date, abciximab has the most robust data in @entity0 undergoing @entity1 , particularly high-risk individuals. In @entity1 @entity0 with lower risk (e.g., elective stenting), eptifibatide is a reasonable first-line option. Data do not support @entity5 for routine use in @entity0 undergoing @entity1 . For individuals with signs and symptoms of @entity3 , specifically @entity4 or non-ST-segment elevation @entity2 ( @entity2 ), eptifibatide or @entity5 is recommended in high-risk @entity0 when a conservative approach is used ( @entity1 is not planned). Abciximab is not recommended in this situation. In @entity0 with ST-segment elevation @entity2 (STEMI), abciximab is the only GYP IIb/IIIa inhibitor evaluated in large, well-designed investigations. For medical management in combination with a fibrinolytic agent, the role of abciximab remains unclear. For @entity0 undergoing primary @entity1 for the management of STEMI, the available evidence supports the use of abciximab, albeit further investigation is warranted. CONCLUSIONS: The role of GYP IIb/IIIa inhibitors in clinical cardiology continues to evolve. Choice of the agent depends on situation of use, @entity0 -specific characteristics and risk stratification, and, in the case of @entity3 , chosen management strategy (medical management or intervention).

title: Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors in @entity1 and XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Electro-olfactograms (EOGs) were recorded from both sensory and non-sensory epithelia on the olfactory lamellae and from other areas within the rosette of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The trout EOG induced by @entity0 was a monophasic negative voltage composed of a phasic component which declined to a steady level (tonic component) that was maintained throughout stimulus duration. The time period (2 min) for complete recovery of the EOG was obtained by applying two identical stimuli (10(-5) mol/liter @entity4 for 5 s) successively at increasing intervals. EOG response to @entity0 increased nearly exponentially with concentration and no saturation was reached. Gradual deterioration of olfactory receptor cells occurred within 14 days after olfactory nerve section (axotomy) as indicated by phospholipid staining. Regeneration of the receptor cells started at 56 days postaxotomy, reached approximately normal density and the elongate form of mature neurons at 84 days. In axotomized fish the magnitude of EOG response decreased relative to the controls at 7 days with minimal sensitivity between 14 and 28 days postaxotomy. EOGs were not evoked by @entity4 nor @entity1 in most fish 17-22 days postaxotomy. Restoration of the EOG response coincided with morphological repopulation of receptor neurons after 84 days. EOG recovery was only 50% of the control values at 230 days. The EOG responses evoked by @entity3 in sensory and non-sensory epithelia were indistinguishable from each other, indicating that receptor neurons are not likely to be their primary origin.

title: The characteristics of the electro-olfactogram (EOG): its loss and recovery following olfactory nerve section in XXXX ( @entity2 ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: Electro-olfactograms (EOGs) were recorded from both sensory and non-sensory epithelia on the olfactory lamellae and from other areas within the rosette of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The trout EOG induced by @entity0 was a monophasic negative voltage composed of a phasic component which declined to a steady level (tonic component) that was maintained throughout stimulus duration. The time period (2 min) for complete recovery of the EOG was obtained by applying two identical stimuli (10(-5) mol/liter @entity4 for 5 s) successively at increasing intervals. EOG response to @entity0 increased nearly exponentially with concentration and no saturation was reached. Gradual deterioration of olfactory receptor cells occurred within 14 days after olfactory nerve section (axotomy) as indicated by phospholipid staining. Regeneration of the receptor cells started at 56 days postaxotomy, reached approximately normal density and the elongate form of mature neurons at 84 days. In axotomized fish the magnitude of EOG response decreased relative to the controls at 7 days with minimal sensitivity between 14 and 28 days postaxotomy. EOGs were not evoked by @entity4 nor @entity1 in most fish 17-22 days postaxotomy. Restoration of the EOG response coincided with morphological repopulation of receptor neurons after 84 days. EOG recovery was only 50% of the control values at 230 days. The EOG responses evoked by @entity3 in sensory and non-sensory epithelia were indistinguishable from each other, indicating that receptor neurons are not likely to be their primary origin.

title: The characteristics of the electro-olfactogram (EOG): its loss and recovery following olfactory nerve section in @entity2 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: BCG is the most efficacious intravesical treatment for superficial @entity3 . However, 30%-40% of @entity1 are refractory. BCG failure is an indication for cystectomy but several salvage intravesical (IVe) strategies have been proposed. Early results with reduced dose BCG in combination with @entity4 in @entity0 are currently the most promising. We have adopted this approach and now report our preliminary results. This is the first report of this salvage therapy from Canada, the birthplace of IVe BCG therapy for superficial @entity3 . METHODS: The "O'Donnell protocol" of reduced dose IVe BCG plus @entity4 was followed in 12 @entity0 with BCG refractory superficial @entity5 . A retrospective review of the efficacy and @entity2 of the treatment was conducted. RESULTS: One year from induction therapy with salvage BCG/ @entity4 , 6 of the 12 (50%) of @entity0 were @entity1 free. Of the six recurrences, 3(50%) did not respond to the IVe therapy and had residual/recurrent @entity1 at the first follow-up visit. Risk factors for treatment failure were identified. The combinative therapy was well tolerated with minimal @entity2 compared to previous full dose BCG. CONCLUSION: Our 12 month data with reduced dose IVe BCG plus @entity4 salvage therapy for BCG refractory superficial TCC confirm previous reports of >50% complete response rates. We need longer follow up in a larger @entity0 population to determine the durability of this promising therapy in @entity0 who would otherwise undergo radical cystectomy.

title: Management of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) refractory superficial XXXX : results with intravesical BCG and Interferon combination therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity1 (alveolar type II cells; TII cells) play an important role in the homeostasis of the alveolar unit. They are the progenitor cells to the type I pneumocyte and are therefore responsible for regeneration of alveolar epithelium following alveolar epithelial cell damage. The type I cell covers over 90% of the alveolar surface, reflecting its capacity to stretch into a flattened cell with very little depth (approx. 0.1   m), but with a large surface area, to facilitate gas exchange. Nevertheless, the type II cell outnumbers type I cells, estimated to be by 2:1 in rodents. Most of the type II cell lies buried in the interstitium of the alveolus, with only the apical tip of the cell reaching into the airspace, through which another crucial function, provision of alveolar surfactant, occurs. Surfactant synthesis and secretion is a unique feature of type II cells; surfactant consists of a high proportion of phospholipids (approx. 90%) and a small proportion of protein (approx. 10%), which contains surfactant apoprotein (SP), of which four have so far been described, SP-A, SP- @entity5 -C, and SP-D (1,2). Surfactant is highly surface active and is essential to prevent @entity1 . In addition, surfactant has many other roles, including pulmonary host defense. Compromised surfactant synthesis and function are believed to be a feature of numerous disease states (1,2), including @entity0 @entity3 , adult @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity2 .

title: Isolation and Culture of XXXX Alveolar Type II Pneumocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Acute @entity4 stimulates somatostatin (SRIH) release by the hypothalamus which, in turn, suppresses @entity2 ( @entity2 ) secretion from the anterior pituitary gland. Although it has been suggested that the cholinergic pathway mediates @entity0 -induced SRIH release, other regulatory systems have not been examined. Therefore, we investigated whether blocking or activating the beta-adrenergic pathway alters @entity0 -mediated inhibition of @entity2 release. DESIGN AND METHODS: One set of experiments was performed with a beta-adrenergic antagonist, @entity1 , and the other set with a beta-adrenergic agonist, @entity3 . Each set of experiments was performed in ten healthy subjects and consisted of four tests. @entity5 , a 100 microg @entity6 bolus i.v. at 0 min; test 2, 100 g @entity0 orally at -30 min, followed by a 100 microg @entity6 bolus at 0 min; test 3, after a 100 microg @entity6 bolus i.v. at 0 min, a continuous infusion of @entity1 (0.2 mg/kg) or @entity3 (0.012 microg/kg) was administered between 0 and 120 min; test 4, after a 100 g @entity0 oral load at -30 min, and a 100 microg @entity6 bolus i.v. at 0 min, a continuous infusion of @entity1 (0.2 mg/kg) or @entity3 (0.012 microg/kg) was administered between 0 and 120 min. Blood was drawn every 10 min from -30 min to 120 min to measure @entity2 and @entity0 concentrations. RESULTS: Pretreatment with @entity0 significantly suppressed @entity6 -induced @entity2 secretion. @entity1 infusion significantly increased the @entity6 -induced @entity2 secretion, but it did not block @entity0 -induced suppression of @entity2 secretion. @entity3 infusion alone significantly suppressed @entity6 -induced @entity2 secretion and augmented the inhibitory action of @entity0 on @entity2 release. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that @entity0 -induced suppression of @entity6 -stimulated @entity2 release is independent of beta-adrenergic tone. Since previous data supports a role for SRIH in both @entity0 and beta-adrenergic suppression of @entity2 release, the current results suggest that subsets of SRIH neurons are differentially responsive to these external cues. Therefore, a combined @entity0 and @entity3 test may provide a useful assessment of hypothalamic somatostatinergic activity.

title: Acute XXXX and activation of the beta-adrenergic system exhibit synergistic inhibitory actions on @entity2 ( @entity2 ) releasing hormone-induced GH release.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Acute @entity4 stimulates somatostatin (SRIH) release by the hypothalamus which, in turn, suppresses @entity2 ( @entity2 ) secretion from the anterior pituitary gland. Although it has been suggested that the cholinergic pathway mediates @entity0 -induced SRIH release, other regulatory systems have not been examined. Therefore, we investigated whether blocking or activating the beta-adrenergic pathway alters @entity0 -mediated inhibition of @entity2 release. DESIGN AND METHODS: One set of experiments was performed with a beta-adrenergic antagonist, @entity1 , and the other set with a beta-adrenergic agonist, @entity3 . Each set of experiments was performed in ten healthy subjects and consisted of four tests. @entity5 , a 100 microg @entity6 bolus i.v. at 0 min; test 2, 100 g @entity0 orally at -30 min, followed by a 100 microg @entity6 bolus at 0 min; test 3, after a 100 microg @entity6 bolus i.v. at 0 min, a continuous infusion of @entity1 (0.2 mg/kg) or @entity3 (0.012 microg/kg) was administered between 0 and 120 min; test 4, after a 100 g @entity0 oral load at -30 min, and a 100 microg @entity6 bolus i.v. at 0 min, a continuous infusion of @entity1 (0.2 mg/kg) or @entity3 (0.012 microg/kg) was administered between 0 and 120 min. Blood was drawn every 10 min from -30 min to 120 min to measure @entity2 and @entity0 concentrations. RESULTS: Pretreatment with @entity0 significantly suppressed @entity6 -induced @entity2 secretion. @entity1 infusion significantly increased the @entity6 -induced @entity2 secretion, but it did not block @entity0 -induced suppression of @entity2 secretion. @entity3 infusion alone significantly suppressed @entity6 -induced @entity2 secretion and augmented the inhibitory action of @entity0 on @entity2 release. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that @entity0 -induced suppression of @entity6 -stimulated @entity2 release is independent of beta-adrenergic tone. Since previous data supports a role for SRIH in both @entity0 and beta-adrenergic suppression of @entity2 release, the current results suggest that subsets of SRIH neurons are differentially responsive to these external cues. Therefore, a combined @entity0 and @entity3 test may provide a useful assessment of hypothalamic somatostatinergic activity.

title: Acute @entity4 and activation of the beta-adrenergic system exhibit synergistic inhibitory actions on XXXX ( @entity2 ) releasing hormone-induced GH release.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Acute @entity4 stimulates somatostatin (SRIH) release by the hypothalamus which, in turn, suppresses @entity2 ( @entity2 ) secretion from the anterior pituitary gland. Although it has been suggested that the cholinergic pathway mediates @entity0 -induced SRIH release, other regulatory systems have not been examined. Therefore, we investigated whether blocking or activating the beta-adrenergic pathway alters @entity0 -mediated inhibition of @entity2 release. DESIGN AND METHODS: One set of experiments was performed with a beta-adrenergic antagonist, @entity1 , and the other set with a beta-adrenergic agonist, @entity3 . Each set of experiments was performed in ten healthy subjects and consisted of four tests. @entity5 , a 100 microg @entity6 bolus i.v. at 0 min; test 2, 100 g @entity0 orally at -30 min, followed by a 100 microg @entity6 bolus at 0 min; test 3, after a 100 microg @entity6 bolus i.v. at 0 min, a continuous infusion of @entity1 (0.2 mg/kg) or @entity3 (0.012 microg/kg) was administered between 0 and 120 min; test 4, after a 100 g @entity0 oral load at -30 min, and a 100 microg @entity6 bolus i.v. at 0 min, a continuous infusion of @entity1 (0.2 mg/kg) or @entity3 (0.012 microg/kg) was administered between 0 and 120 min. Blood was drawn every 10 min from -30 min to 120 min to measure @entity2 and @entity0 concentrations. RESULTS: Pretreatment with @entity0 significantly suppressed @entity6 -induced @entity2 secretion. @entity1 infusion significantly increased the @entity6 -induced @entity2 secretion, but it did not block @entity0 -induced suppression of @entity2 secretion. @entity3 infusion alone significantly suppressed @entity6 -induced @entity2 secretion and augmented the inhibitory action of @entity0 on @entity2 release. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that @entity0 -induced suppression of @entity6 -stimulated @entity2 release is independent of beta-adrenergic tone. Since previous data supports a role for SRIH in both @entity0 and beta-adrenergic suppression of @entity2 release, the current results suggest that subsets of SRIH neurons are differentially responsive to these external cues. Therefore, a combined @entity0 and @entity3 test may provide a useful assessment of hypothalamic somatostatinergic activity.

title: Acute @entity4 and activation of the beta-adrenergic system exhibit synergistic inhibitory actions on @entity2 ( XXXX ) releasing hormone-induced GH release.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We studied atrial activation during sinus rhythm by combining 12-lead ECG and multipolar esophageal recordings in 30 @entity0 after electrical cardioversion of persistent @entity1 . The primary endpoint was to establish a correlation between atrial activation evaluated by the two methods. Total P wave duration and morphology in inferior leads identified three patterns: normal P wave, late-positive P wave, and late-negative P wave. Proximal and distal esophageal recording characterized the longitudinal direction of activation of the posterior left atrium. We distinguished three activation patterns: normal activation when the interatrial conduction time is normal and depolarizes in craniocaudal direction, delayed activation when the interatrial conduction time is prolonged and the craniocaudal activation is maintained, and finally reversed activation when the posterior left atrium depolarizes in a reversed caudocranial direction. Four @entity0 showed a normal P wave and also had a normal esophageal activation. Twelve @entity0 showed a prolonged P wave (associated with delayed esophageal activation in 10 @entity0 and reversed activation in 2 @entity0 ); 14 @entity0 had a late-negative P wave (all associated with a reversed esophageal activation). A high correlation existed between each pattern obtained by surface ECG and esophageal recording (P < 0.001) and between surface P wave duration and interatrial conduction time (R2 = 0.64, P < 0.001). Much information concerning atrial activation can be obtained by meticulous analysis of the P wave, particularly its terminal part. Multipolar esophageal recording can be used when surface ECG appears unclear.

title: Atrial activation analysis by surface P wave and multipolar esophageal recording after cardioversion of persistent XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Despite recent advances in the management of @entity6 , mortality rates are still unacceptably high. Early identification of the high-mortality risk group for early intervention remains an issue under exploration. @entity1 ( @entity1 ), soluble @entity1 receptor-1 (sVEGFR1) and @entity10 have diverse effects in the pathogenesis of @entity5 , which involve @entity3 , anti- @entity3 , endothelial cell repair, and vascular permeability change. Their roles in predicting @entity8 remain to be clarified. METHODS: Pneumonia-related @entity6 @entity0 from medical intensive care units were enrolled for this prospective observational study. We also included 20 @entity0 with @entity4 without @entity8 for comparison. Plasma levels of @entity1 and sVEGFR1 and @entity10 activity within 24 hours of shock onset were measured. We compared plasma levels of these biomarkers with APACHE II scores between subgroups of @entity0 , and evaluated their predictive value for 28-day @entity8 . RESULTS: A total of 101 @entity0 , including 81 with @entity4 -related @entity6 and 20 with @entity4 without @entity8 , were enrolled. Non-survivors of @entity6 had significantly higher plasma sVEGFR1 levels (659.3    1022.8 vs. 221.1    268.9 pg/mL, respectively, P < 0.001) and @entity10 activity (47.2    40.6 vs. 27.6    17.2 units, respectively, P = 0.001) when compared with those of the survivors. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated significantly higher mortality in @entity0 with higher levels of sVEGFR1 (P < 0.001) and @entity10 activity (P = 0.031). In Cox regression analysis, plasma sVEGFR1 level was independently associated with, and best predicted, the 28-day mortality of @entity6 (HR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.05-2.30). Plasma sVEGFR1 level and @entity10 activity had good correlation with @entity2 , @entity7 , and @entity9 ; their levels significantly increased when the number of organ dysfunctions increased. In multivariate analysis, plasma sVEGFR1 level (HR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.17-6.81) and @entity10 activity (HR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.06-7.13) were independent predictors of the presence of concomitant multi- @entity8 . The predictive value of @entity1 for @entity8 was limited in @entity4 -related @entity6 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: High plasma sVEGFR1 level in the early stage of @entity4 -related @entity6 independently predicted 28-day mortality and multi- @entity8 .

title: Plasma soluble XXXX receptor-1 levels predict outcomes of @entity4 -related @entity6 @entity0 : a prospective observational study.

answer: @entity1