abstract: Depletion of intracellular @entity1 stores results in the activation of SMCE (store-mediated @entity1 entry) in many cells. The mechanism of activation of SMCE is poorly understood. In @entity0 platelets, a secretion-like coupling model may be involved. This proposes that store depletion results in trafficking of portions of the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane, enabling coupling between proteins in the two membranes. In support of this, we have shown that, in @entity0 platelets, agonist-evoked @entity1 store depletion results in de novo and reversible coupling of the Ins P3RII [type II @entity5 (1,4,5)trisphosphate receptor] with the putative @entity1 entry channel @entity4 [ @entity0 canonical transient receptor potential 1 (protein); Rosado, Brownlow and Sage (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 42157-42163]. A crucial test of the hypothesis that this coupling activates SMCE is that it should occur rapidly enough to account for agonist-evoked @entity1 entry. In the present study, we have used quenched- and stopped-flow approaches to determine the latencies of thrombin-evoked coupling of Ins P3RII with @entity4 and of thrombin-evoked bivalent cation entry using @entity3 quenching of @entity2 fluorescence. Thrombin-evoked @entity3 entry was detected with a latency of 0.81+/-0.07 s (S.E.M., n =7) or 1.36+/-0.09 s (S.E.M., n =7) at a concentration of 1.0 or 0.1 unit/ml respectively. Coupling between Ins P3RII and @entity4 , assessed at 100 ms intervals, was first detected with a latency of 0.9 or 1.4 s after stimulation with thrombin at a concentration of 1.0 or 0.1 unit/ml respectively. These results support the hypothesis that de novo coupling of Ins P3RII with @entity4 could activate SMCE in @entity0 platelets.

title: Rapid agonist-evoked coupling of type II Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor with XXXX transient receptor potential ( @entity4 ) channels in @entity0 platelets.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Depletion of intracellular @entity1 stores results in the activation of SMCE (store-mediated @entity1 entry) in many cells. The mechanism of activation of SMCE is poorly understood. In @entity0 platelets, a secretion-like coupling model may be involved. This proposes that store depletion results in trafficking of portions of the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane, enabling coupling between proteins in the two membranes. In support of this, we have shown that, in @entity0 platelets, agonist-evoked @entity1 store depletion results in de novo and reversible coupling of the Ins P3RII [type II @entity5 (1,4,5)trisphosphate receptor] with the putative @entity1 entry channel @entity4 [ @entity0 canonical transient receptor potential 1 (protein); Rosado, Brownlow and Sage (2002) J. Biol. Chem. 277, 42157-42163]. A crucial test of the hypothesis that this coupling activates SMCE is that it should occur rapidly enough to account for agonist-evoked @entity1 entry. In the present study, we have used quenched- and stopped-flow approaches to determine the latencies of thrombin-evoked coupling of Ins P3RII with @entity4 and of thrombin-evoked bivalent cation entry using @entity3 quenching of @entity2 fluorescence. Thrombin-evoked @entity3 entry was detected with a latency of 0.81+/-0.07 s (S.E.M., n =7) or 1.36+/-0.09 s (S.E.M., n =7) at a concentration of 1.0 or 0.1 unit/ml respectively. Coupling between Ins P3RII and @entity4 , assessed at 100 ms intervals, was first detected with a latency of 0.9 or 1.4 s after stimulation with thrombin at a concentration of 1.0 or 0.1 unit/ml respectively. These results support the hypothesis that de novo coupling of Ins P3RII with @entity4 could activate SMCE in @entity0 platelets.

title: Rapid agonist-evoked coupling of type II Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor with @entity0 transient receptor potential ( @entity4 ) channels in XXXX platelets.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The authors investigated the use of serial autologous fat grafting to restore soft-tissue contour in @entity4 @entity0 . METHODS: @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity4 were divided into two groups. Microvascular free flap @entity0 had reconstruction with inframammary extended circumflex scapular flaps at skeletal maturity (n = 10). Alternatively, @entity0 had fat grafting during multiple staged operations for mandible and ear reconstruction (n = 21). Sex, age, severity of deformity [determined by OMENS ( @entity2 , @entity3 , @entity1 , nerve involvement, and soft-tissue deficiency) classification], number of procedures, operative times, and augmentation volumes were recorded. A digital three-dimensional photogrammetry system was used to determine "final fat take" and symmetry (affected side versus unaffected side). Physician and @entity0 satisfaction were elicited. RESULTS: Microvascular free flap and fat grafting groups had similar OMENS scores, 2.4 and 2.3, and similar mean prereconstruction symmetry scores, 74 percent and 75 percent, respectively. Although the mean number of procedures was less for the microvascular free flap group versus the fat grafting group (2.2 versus 4.3), the combined surgical time was greater for the microvascular free flap group. The complication rate for the microvascular free flap group was 12 percent and that for the fat grafting group was 5 percent. The mean microvascular free flap volume implanted was 131 cc, with a final measured volume of 106 cc. Mean fat grafting volume injected per case was 33 cc, with total fat injections of 146 cc and a final measured volume of 121 cc. There was a mean fat loss of 25 cc and 83 percent fat take. Symmetry score was 121 percent for the microvascular free flap group and 99 percent for the fat grafting group. No statistically significant difference in @entity0 or physician satisfaction was noted. CONCLUSION: Serial fat grafting provided a useful alternative to microvascular free tissue transfer after skeletal reconstruction.

title: XXXX soft-tissue reconstruction comparison: inframammary extended circumflex scapular flap versus serial fat grafting.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Foxy is slang for @entity4 . It has hallucinogenic properties, similar to other @entity2 compounds, and is mildly euphoric. This case report describes a 21-year-old Caucasian @entity0 who ingested a pill called Foxy containing an unknown amount of drug. He was observed in hospital for 2 h, during which time he had mild @entity1 and could not move his limbs. A urine sample was collected approximately 4 h after drug ingestion. The @entity0 was then discharged with no follow up assessment. The @entity4 was identified in the urine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Standards prepared from the pure material were used in the identification. Quantitative analysis using the same analytical technique resulted in a urinary concentration of 1.7 micro g/mL. Through oxidative deamination, the metabolite, @entity5 , was formed. It was identified in the urine, and the concentration was determined to be 1.3 micro g/mL using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Two other compounds were discovered in the urine sample as a result of a routine drug screen. From their mass spectra, they were tentatively identified as @entity6 and @entity4 - @entity3 .

title: Foxy, a designer XXXX hallucinogen.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: To present a comprehensive analysis of incidence, clinicopathological features, @entity3 , and survival for @entity2 . METHODS: A retrospective case analysis was conducted for the 10-year period 1998-2008. All @entity0 diagnosed with @entity2 were analyzed for their demographics details, clinical features, @entity1 incidence and characteristics, @entity1 stage, surgical procedures performed, and their survival. RESULTS: Nine thousand three hundred and twenty-three @entity0 underwent appendectomies during the study period, and of these, 10 (0.1%: 8 @entity0 and 2 @entity0 with a mean age of 53.1 years, age range 21-83 years) were found to have primary @entity2 . @entity1 was not suspected pre-operatively in any of the @entity0 . Six (60%) @entity0 underwent secondary right hemicolectomy. Four (40%) cases had appendectomy alone, and two of them died, whereas all those who underwent right hemicolectomy are alive and disease free. Five (50%) were reported to have grade 1 disease, three (30%) grade 2, and two (20%) grade 3 with mean survival of 34, 48, and 22 mo, respectively. Six (60%) @entity0 presented with @entity4 (Duke's C and D). At the end of follow up (mean period: 37.9 mo), eight @entity0 are alive and disease free at the end of follow up. Overall mean survival was 36.3 mo (confidence interval; 16%-56%) with 41.3 and 16 mo for @entity0 and @entity0 , respectively. Mean survival for those with and without lymph node involvement was 33.6 and 40.2 mo, respectively. Right hemicolectomy gave better results than appendectomy alone, although the difference was not statistically significant due to the small number of cases. CONCLUSION: @entity2 is extremely rare @entity1 with varied presentations, and is usually advanced when diagnosed. Right hemicolectomy is the treatment of choice for such @entity1 .

title: Clinicopathological features and the outcome of surgical management for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity0 ' lived experience of illness and health is receiving increased attention in the medical field. Understanding @entity0 ' perspective and experiences is an undoubted asset for efficient health interventions and improved clinical concordance. @entity0 ' experiences of care and cure, however, are influenced by the cultural setting in which these experiences take place. This implies that health interventions should be "ecological" and attuned to the specific sociocultural context of the @entity0 . METHODS: Our research group is conducting a cross-cultural qualitative study aimed ad exploring how @entity2 (a symptom very common in @entity1 ) is perceived and manifested by @entity0 in different countries (Canada, Thailand, England and Italy). In order to achieve this, the study was design according to the method of Ethnoscience, that appeared to us the best suited to explore the meanings that @entity0 attribute to their state and the linguistic patterns they use to describe it. In this paper we will describe in details the process of Ethnoscience and will discuss the heuristic value of this research approach. RESULTS: Ethnoscience was an effective research strategy for exploring how beliefs and values shape symptoms and the behavioural manifestations of @entity1 related @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: This paper discusses the heuristic value of Ethnoscience and its applicability to the study of health relate topics, particularly those where issues of social construction are important. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Ethnoscience is a promising and innovative research approach, able to cast light on the way @entity0 experience and make sense of their illness.

title: Studying the social construction of @entity1 -related XXXX experience: the heuristic value of Ethnoscience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity0 ' lived experience of illness and health is receiving increased attention in the medical field. Understanding @entity0 ' perspective and experiences is an undoubted asset for efficient health interventions and improved clinical concordance. @entity0 ' experiences of care and cure, however, are influenced by the cultural setting in which these experiences take place. This implies that health interventions should be "ecological" and attuned to the specific sociocultural context of the @entity0 . METHODS: Our research group is conducting a cross-cultural qualitative study aimed ad exploring how @entity2 (a symptom very common in @entity1 ) is perceived and manifested by @entity0 in different countries (Canada, Thailand, England and Italy). In order to achieve this, the study was design according to the method of Ethnoscience, that appeared to us the best suited to explore the meanings that @entity0 attribute to their state and the linguistic patterns they use to describe it. In this paper we will describe in details the process of Ethnoscience and will discuss the heuristic value of this research approach. RESULTS: Ethnoscience was an effective research strategy for exploring how beliefs and values shape symptoms and the behavioural manifestations of @entity1 related @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: This paper discusses the heuristic value of Ethnoscience and its applicability to the study of health relate topics, particularly those where issues of social construction are important. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Ethnoscience is a promising and innovative research approach, able to cast light on the way @entity0 experience and make sense of their illness.

title: Studying the social construction of XXXX -related @entity2 experience: the heuristic value of Ethnoscience.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Previously, we reported that purinergic ionotropic P2X7 receptors negatively regulate neurite formation in Neuro-2a (N2a) @entity0 @entity3 cells through a @entity1 /calmodulin-dependent kinase II-related mechanism. In the present study we used this cell line to investigate a parallel though faster @entity7 -mediated signaling pathway, namely @entity1 -regulated exocytosis. Selective activation of P2X7 receptors evoked exocytosis as assayed by high resolution membrane capacitance measurements. Using dual-wavelength total internal reflection microscopy, we have observed both the increase in near-membrane @entity1 concentration and the exocytosis of fluorescently labeled vesicles in response to @entity7 stimulation. Moreover, activation of P2X7 receptors also affects vesicle motion in the vertical and horizontal directions, thus, involving this receptor type in the control of early steps (docking and priming) of the secretory pathway. Immunocytochemical and RT-PCR experiments evidenced that N2a cells express the three neuronal SNAREs as well as vesicular @entity2 and @entity5 ( @entity10 and @entity9 ) transporters. Biochemical measurements indicated that @entity6 induced a significant release of @entity4 from N2a cells. Finally, @entity7 stimulation and @entity6 increased the incidence of small transient inward currents, reminiscent of postsynaptic quantal events observed at synapses. Small transient inward currents were dependent on extracellular @entity1 and were abolished by @entity8 , suggesting they were mediated by P2X7 receptors. Altogether, these results suggest the existence of a positive feedback mechanism mediated by @entity7 -stimulated exocytotic release of @entity4 that would act on P2X7 receptors on the same or neighbor cells to further stimulate its own release and negatively control N2a cell differentiation.

title: P2X7 receptors trigger @entity4 exocytosis and modify secretory vesicle dynamics in XXXX cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Previously, we reported that purinergic ionotropic P2X7 receptors negatively regulate neurite formation in Neuro-2a (N2a) @entity0 @entity3 cells through a @entity1 /calmodulin-dependent kinase II-related mechanism. In the present study we used this cell line to investigate a parallel though faster @entity7 -mediated signaling pathway, namely @entity1 -regulated exocytosis. Selective activation of P2X7 receptors evoked exocytosis as assayed by high resolution membrane capacitance measurements. Using dual-wavelength total internal reflection microscopy, we have observed both the increase in near-membrane @entity1 concentration and the exocytosis of fluorescently labeled vesicles in response to @entity7 stimulation. Moreover, activation of P2X7 receptors also affects vesicle motion in the vertical and horizontal directions, thus, involving this receptor type in the control of early steps (docking and priming) of the secretory pathway. Immunocytochemical and RT-PCR experiments evidenced that N2a cells express the three neuronal SNAREs as well as vesicular @entity2 and @entity5 ( @entity10 and @entity9 ) transporters. Biochemical measurements indicated that @entity6 induced a significant release of @entity4 from N2a cells. Finally, @entity7 stimulation and @entity6 increased the incidence of small transient inward currents, reminiscent of postsynaptic quantal events observed at synapses. Small transient inward currents were dependent on extracellular @entity1 and were abolished by @entity8 , suggesting they were mediated by P2X7 receptors. Altogether, these results suggest the existence of a positive feedback mechanism mediated by @entity7 -stimulated exocytotic release of @entity4 that would act on P2X7 receptors on the same or neighbor cells to further stimulate its own release and negatively control N2a cell differentiation.

title: P2X7 receptors trigger XXXX exocytosis and modify secretory vesicle dynamics in @entity3 cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 is an uncommon @entity2 that must be considered in the differential diagnosis with @entity0 . We report the clinical presentation and course, the imaging and histologic findings, and the treatment of the @entity1 diagnosed with @entity2 at our hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In an 11-year period, we studied six insulin-dependent @entity2 @entity1 (five @entity1 and one @entity1 ) with @entity2 . Imaging studies included mammography, ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging. A definitive histologic diagnosis was reached after core needle or surgical biopsy in all cases. Fine-needle aspiration cytology was not used in any of the cases. The mean follow-up period was 7 years. RESULTS: The most common clinical presentation was a palpable @entity4 (67%). The imaging findings were a) at mammography: asymmetrical density (50%), b) at ultrasonography: a solid, hypoechoic @entity4 measuring between 1cm and 5cm in diameter, with ill-defined margins, acoustic shadowing, and no Doppler signal (50%), and c) at MRI: enhancement after the administration of contrast media (66%). The most common histologic finding was lymphocytic @entity3 in the initial stages (83%). All @entity1 underwent surgical treatment (100%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 is an uncommon disease that should be included in the differential diagnosis with @entity0 in @entity2 @entity1 . The diagnosis is complex because it requires knowledge of the @entity1 's history, clinical presentation, and the imaging and histologic findings, Conservative surgery is the treatment of choice because the condition does not respond to medical treatment.

title: [ XXXX : clinical presentation, imaging and histologic findings, and treatment].

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the present work the degradation of @entity1 (E1) a natural estrogenic hormone has been studied under simulated solar irradiation. The photodegradation of E1 has been investigated in the absence and in the presence of 7.7-8.9 mg L(-1) of dissolved organic @entity0 ( @entity3 ), under solar light simulation with irradiance approximating that of the sun. @entity3 extracts from different origins have been used. Half-lives ranging between 3.9 h and 7.9 h were observed. Results indicated that E1 was photodegraded even in the absence of @entity3 . The presence of @entity3 was found to enhance the degradation of E1. Experiments performed with the addition of reactive species scavengers ( @entity2 ions and @entity4 ) have shown that these two species play a significant role in the photodegradation. Some experiments have been performed with a @entity3 previously submitted to solar irradiation. Changes in optical and physico-chemical properties of @entity3 strongly affect its photoinductive properties, and hence its efficiency on E1 degradation. A part of the study consisted in the investigation of photoproducts structures. Five photoproducts were shown by chromatographic analysis: one arising from direct photolysis and the four others from @entity3 photoinduced degradation.

title: Photodegradation of XXXX enhanced by dissolved organic matter under simulated sunlight.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We present a system for random mutagenesis in @entity0 for the evolution of targeted genes. To increase error rates of DNA polymerase I (Pol I) replication, we introduced point mutations in three structural domains that govern Pol I fidelity. Expression of error-prone Pol I in vivo results in strong mutagenesis of a target sequence encoded in a Pol I-dependent plasmid (8.1 x 10-4 mutations per bp, an 80,000-fold increase), with a preference for plasmid relative to chromosome sequence. Mutagenesis is maximal in cultures maintained at stationary phase. Mutations are evenly distributed and show a variety of base pair substitutions, predominantly transitions. Mutagenesis extends at least 3 kb beyond the 400-500 nt reportedly synthesized by Pol I. We demonstrate that our error-prone Pol I can be used to generate enzymes with distinct properties by generating @entity2 mutants able to hydrolyze a third-generation lactam antibiotic, @entity1 . Three different mutations contribute to @entity1 resistance. Two are found in the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases most frequently identified in clinical isolates, and the third ( @entity3 ) has not been previously described. Our system of targeted mutagenesis in @entity0 should have an impact on enzyme-based applications in areas such as synthetic chemistry, gene therapy, and molecular biology. Given the structural conservation between polymerases, this work should also provide a reference for altering the fidelity of other polymerases.

title: Targeted gene evolution in XXXX using a highly error-prone DNA polymerase I.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Neurolipidoses may present as @entity1 or @entity3 which may be isolated for a long time without neurological manifestations. Thus the relation with a @entity2 may be difficult to establish. In this survey, we wish to present our clinical and biological experience in relation with @entity11 giving rise to neurolipidoses, a review of the literature, as well as the elements which allow to present a diagnostic strategy. We report mainly on @entity8 , @entity9 , @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity10 , @entity7 , @entity6 . Psychiatric symptoms may overshadow subtle signs of @entity0 . Careful and persistent neurodiagnostic evaluation must be performed even in cases when CT and MRI scans are considered normal. Resistance to psychotropic drugs may be an element of orientation. The biological diagnosis is mainly biochemical. Although most of the genes involved have been cloned, many of the mutations are private, except for @entity8 for which specific mutations may be related to adult cases and either with predominantly motor or predominantly cognitive and @entity1 manifestations. This review discusses also other @entity2 which may present as isolated or predominant cognitive and @entity1 manifestations.

title: [Presenting XXXX in adult neurolipidoses].

answer: @entity0


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis of @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) by assessing the physiologic activations associated with @entity7 ( @entity7 ). DESIGN: Sleep and heart rate (HR) were recorded during 1 night of polysomnography. SETTING: Data were collected at the @entity2 Center, Sacre-Coeur Hospital, Montreal, Canada. @entity0 : Data from 14 @entity0 with @entity6 (6 @entity0 , 8 @entity0 , mean age: 52.5    11.9 years) were compared with data from 14 healthy control subjects matched for age and sex. INTERVENTIONS: NA. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Analyses included sleep stages, @entity7 , microarousals, RR intervals converted into beats per minute on segments lasting 25 heartbeats (10 RR intervals before @entity7 and 15 after), and cardiac-activation amplitudes. A Group-by-Heartbeat interaction was noted for @entity7 without microarousals; the @entity0 had a @entity4 of lower amplitude and a delayed and lower-amplitude @entity5 , compared with normal control subjects. Similar significant HR modifications were observed for @entity7 with microarousals between @entity0 with @entity6 and control subjects. @entity0 with @entity6 had a reduced magnitude of cardiac activation associated with @entity7 with and without microarousals, as compared with control subjects. A negative correlation was noted between cardiac-activation amplitude and age in @entity0 with @entity6 , but no correlation with @entity7 index was found in either @entity0 with @entity6 or control subjects. CONCLUSION: A significant reduction in the amplitude of @entity7 -related HR responses in both @entity4 and @entity5 was found in @entity0 with @entity6 . These findings favor the physiologic relevance of the action of @entity8 on autonomic function that may be of clinical significance, i.e., increasing the risk of @entity3 .

title: Autonomic response to periodic leg movements during sleep in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Laparoscopy has emerged as a useful tool in the surgical treatment of diseases of the colon and rectum. Specifically, in the application of @entity3 , a laparoscopic-assisted approach offers short-term benefits to @entity0 while maintaining a long-term oncologic outcome. Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery may help decrease operative times while preserving the benefits of laparoscopy. The literature on the use of laparoscopy for @entity2 is still in its early stages. Limited data suggest short-term benefits without compromising oncologic outcome; however, data from large multicenter trials will clarify the role of laparoscopy in the treatment of @entity2 . Robotic proctectomy is a novel technique that may offer considerable advantage and overcome some limitations laparoscopy creates while working in the confines of the pelvis. The improved magnification and visualization offered with the robot may also assist in preserving bladder and sexual function. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) for the treatment of T1 @entity2 with low-risk features appears to be safe. However, TEM has a significantly higher recurrence rate when used to treat @entity1 . Endoluminal techniques and equipment are under development and could offer more minimally invasive approaches to the treatment of @entity3 . Credentialing and training of surgeons and teams involved in the use of laparoscopy is important prior to making these techniques ubiquitous.

title: Laparoscopy for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity4 is one of few diagnoses to be defined by its aetiology. At treatment centres specialising in a certain type of @entity1 , like war, torture or @entity3 , the aetiology may be regarded as self-explanatory. Recent surveys of general populations reveal high rates of @entity4 , often following exposure to multiple traumatic events. @entity1 are frequently overlooked in general @entity2 settings and @entity4 is underestimated. Such findings indicate the need to conceptualise @entity1 in terms of multiple events and to examine the aetiology of @entity4 amongst @entity0 in everyday @entity2 practice. The present study examines aetiological factors of @entity4 in three minority groups at a general @entity2 outpatient clinic. Arabs, Iranians and Turks selected from an entire year's cohort of @entity0 -and a sample of Swedish @entity0 of similar age and gender distribution. METHODS: Histories were collected from 115 @entity0 , both regarding their own @entity1 and @entity1 involving relatives and close friends, by means of a questionnaire. A self-rating instrument for @entity4 , with no reference to a specific @entity1 , was used in order to study the relationship between @entity1 and @entity4 outcome. RESULTS: Of the @entity0 , 89% had experienced at least one @entity1 , and 77% multiple traumatic events. The prevalence of probable @entity4 varied between ethnic groups: Iranians 69%, Arabs 59%, Turks 53% and Swedes 29%. In a logistic regression analysis, probable @entity4 outcome was associated with multiplicity of relatives' @entity1 (OR = 3.14), multiplicity of own @entity1 (OR = 2.56) and belonging to an ethnic minority (OR = 2.44), but not with gender. No @entity0 without a @entity1 history was positively assessed for probable @entity4 . CONCLUSION: The symptomatic syndrome of probable @entity4 does not appear in the absence of extreme @entity1 , lending empirical support to the definition of @entity4 . Prevalence increases with multiplicity of @entity1 , including those involving a relative or close friend. The high prevalence of probable @entity4 found in this study warrants screening for @entity1 among @entity0 , their relatives and close friends, in outpatient psychiatry.

title: The aetiology of XXXX in four ethnic groups in outpatient psychiatry.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lung transplantation is a viable therapy for @entity0 with @entity4 and is being increasingly performed worldwide. The incidence of @entity1 after lung transplantation has increased concomitantly, although data are still sparse. METHODS: The computerized medical records of the Pulmonary Institute of a tertiary care medical center were searched for @entity0 who underwent lung transplantation from 1997 to 2009 and acquired @entity1 postoperatively. The prevalence, potential contributing factors, and outcome of @entity2 were determined, and the medical literature was reviewed. RESULTS: @entity2 developed in 7 of the 290 lung transplant recipients (2.4%). All had received a single lung transplant and in most cases, the @entity2 developed in the native lung. These findings were similar to reports in the literature. The indication for transplantation was @entity5 or @entity6 / @entity3 . All had a history of smoking. The average interval from transplantation to development of @entity1 was 5 years (range 1-9). Five @entity0 had stage 4 @entity2 at diagnosis and 2 had stage 1. Six @entity0 died from 10 days to 1 year after diagnosis. CONCLUSION: Lung transplantation is associated with a relatively high prevalence of @entity2 , particularly in the native lung, in @entity0 with primary @entity5 / @entity6 , and a history of smoking. The @entity2 is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage with poor outcome. Efforts to improve screening are recommended, as aggressive management and treatment may be beneficial for earlier stage disease.

title: XXXX in lung transplant recipients: experience of a tertiary hospital and literature review.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In a prospective study initiated in 1982, we have been investigating the question as to whether - and if so, which - @entity6 @entity4 of the colorectum can be treated exclusively via the endoscope. METHOD: In the period between February 1, 1982 and April 30, 2001, a total of 5,470 @entity5 were removed endoscopically at the Medical Department I of the Klinikum Ludwigsburg. Among these lesions, a total of 144 (2.6 %) @entity6 @entity4 were found in 141 @entity0 . We were able to follow 120 @entity0 with 123 @entity6 @entity4 over a mean follow-up period of 46 months (range: 1-60). In low-risk situations (definitive removal in healthy tissue, G1-G2, no lymphatic involvement), endoscopic treatment alone usually represented sufficient treatment. In high-risk cases (removal in healthy tissue uncertain or negative, and/or lymphatic vessel involvement, and/or G3/G4), subsequent surgical resection was carried out. RESULTS: 64 cases were classified as high-risk, 59 as low-risk. Nevertheless, 9 @entity0 with 10 @entity4 were submitted to surgery (young age, @entity0 's own request). In none of these 10 cases was @entity2 or lymph node @entity1 detected in the surgical specimen. 47 @entity0 with 49 @entity4 were treated solely by endoscopic polypectomy using the diathermy snare, and 45 @entity0 with 47 @entity4 remained recurrence-free during the follow-up period. In a single case, a local recurrence was detected 2 months after polypectomy and underwent curative resection. In another case, peritoneal carcinosis with @entity2 infiltrating into the colon developed 8 months after initial treatment; this, however, was most probably a recurrence of a previously operated @entity4 . Among the high-risk cases, 10 were not submitted to surgery on account of advanced age and/or rejection of an operation by the @entity0 ; all remained recurrence-free. Among the surgically treated high-risk @entity4 , 3 surgical specimens contained @entity2 , while 2 revealed a lymph node @entity1 . In our group of @entity0 , no @entity2 -related mortality was seen among endoscopically treated @entity0 . DISCUSSION: In the light of the fact that the reported mortality rate associated with open surgery for @entity3 is 3 % as compared with about 1 % risk of lymph node @entity1 and 0,1 % mortality rate for the endoscopic modality, endoscopic removal of a @entity6 @entity2 in a low-risk situation followed by appropriate surveillance can be considered as adequate treatment.

title: [Endoscopic Therapy of Early XXXX ( @entity6 ) - A Prospective Study].

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: In a prospective study initiated in 1982, we have been investigating the question as to whether - and if so, which - @entity6 @entity4 of the colorectum can be treated exclusively via the endoscope. METHOD: In the period between February 1, 1982 and April 30, 2001, a total of 5,470 @entity5 were removed endoscopically at the Medical Department I of the Klinikum Ludwigsburg. Among these lesions, a total of 144 (2.6 %) @entity6 @entity4 were found in 141 @entity0 . We were able to follow 120 @entity0 with 123 @entity6 @entity4 over a mean follow-up period of 46 months (range: 1-60). In low-risk situations (definitive removal in healthy tissue, G1-G2, no lymphatic involvement), endoscopic treatment alone usually represented sufficient treatment. In high-risk cases (removal in healthy tissue uncertain or negative, and/or lymphatic vessel involvement, and/or G3/G4), subsequent surgical resection was carried out. RESULTS: 64 cases were classified as high-risk, 59 as low-risk. Nevertheless, 9 @entity0 with 10 @entity4 were submitted to surgery (young age, @entity0 's own request). In none of these 10 cases was @entity2 or lymph node @entity1 detected in the surgical specimen. 47 @entity0 with 49 @entity4 were treated solely by endoscopic polypectomy using the diathermy snare, and 45 @entity0 with 47 @entity4 remained recurrence-free during the follow-up period. In a single case, a local recurrence was detected 2 months after polypectomy and underwent curative resection. In another case, peritoneal carcinosis with @entity2 infiltrating into the colon developed 8 months after initial treatment; this, however, was most probably a recurrence of a previously operated @entity4 . Among the high-risk cases, 10 were not submitted to surgery on account of advanced age and/or rejection of an operation by the @entity0 ; all remained recurrence-free. Among the surgically treated high-risk @entity4 , 3 surgical specimens contained @entity2 , while 2 revealed a lymph node @entity1 . In our group of @entity0 , no @entity2 -related mortality was seen among endoscopically treated @entity0 . DISCUSSION: In the light of the fact that the reported mortality rate associated with open surgery for @entity3 is 3 % as compared with about 1 % risk of lymph node @entity1 and 0,1 % mortality rate for the endoscopic modality, endoscopic removal of a @entity6 @entity2 in a low-risk situation followed by appropriate surveillance can be considered as adequate treatment.

title: [Endoscopic Therapy of Early @entity3 ( XXXX ) - A Prospective Study].

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To compare outcomes of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) combining iliac artery stenting and open common femoral endarterectomy (CFE) with open aortoiliac and femoral reconstruction (OR) in @entity0 with extensive iliac and common @entity1 (IFOD). METHODS: Between 1998 and 2008, 92 @entity0 (164 limbs) underwent OR and 70 (84 limbs) underwent @entity2 . All @entity0 underwent concomitant CFE. Thirty-day mortality and morbidity, long-term patency, procedurally related limb salvage, and overall survival were analyzed after stratification by iliac TransAtlantic InterSociety Consensus (TASC) classification into TASC A/B and TASC C/D. RESULTS: @entity2 @entity0 were older for both TASC groups (A/B, P = .02; C/D, P = .01) and had higher Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) cardiac comorbidity scores (A/B, P = .01; C/D, P < .001) compared with OR. Technical success was >= 99% in both groups. An increase in the ankle-brachial index after the procedure was significantly higher in OR @entity0 (0.49    0.28) with TASC A/B lesions than @entity2 (0.22    0.18, P = .031). Hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) lengths of stay were 3.9 days for @entity2 @entity0 in TASC C/D vs 9.4 days for OR @entity0 (P = .005). Comparing @entity2 and OR, 30-day morbidity (3% vs 5%, P = .55) and mortality (1.1% vs 1.4%, P = .85) were equivalent. Primary patency of @entity2 vs OR at 3 years was similar (91% vs 97%, P = .29) and was maintained after stratification by TASC A/B (89% vs 100%, P = .38) and TASC C/D (95% vs 97%, P = .54). Multivariate analysis for patency indicated that major tissue loss (Rutherford class 6) at presentation in the @entity2 group was predictive of decreased long-term patency (P = .02). Limb salvage at 3 years was 100% in both groups. Overall survival was 74% for OR vs 40% for @entity2 (P = .007). CONCLUSION: IFOD can be treated using @entity2 with similar early and long-term efficacy vs OR. @entity2 @entity0 with TASC C/D lesions experienced a shorter ICU and hospital stay than OR @entity0 . @entity2 should be considered for all @entity0 with IFOD regardless the severity of TASC classification, particularly in those with high surgical risk. When deciding between @entity2 and OR, one must consider that major tissue loss at presentation is a negative predictor of long-term patency in @entity0 undergoing @entity2 .

title: Iliac artery stenting combined with open femoral endarterectomy is as effective as open surgical reconstruction for severe iliac and common XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We have previously identified several @entity0 ( @entity0 )-associated polymorphisms using genome-wide association (GWA) analysis. We sought to fine-map the location of the functional variants for three of these regions at 8q23.3 ( @entity3 ), 16q22.1 ( @entity1 / @entity2 ) and 19q13.11 ( @entity5 ). We genotyped two case-control sets at high density in the selected regions and used existing data from four other case-control sets, comprising a total of 9328 @entity0 cases and 10 480 controls. To improve marker density, we imputed genotypes from the 1000 Genomes Project and Hapmap3 data sets. All three regions contained smaller areas in which a cluster of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed clearly stronger association signals than surrounding SNPs, allowing us to assign those areas as the most likely location of the disease-associated functional variant. Further fine-mapping within those areas was generally unhelpful in identifying the functional variation based on strengths of association. However, functional annotation suggested a relatively small number of functional SNPs, including some with potential regulatory function at 8q23.3 and 16q22.1 and a non-synonymous SNP in RPHN2. Interestingly, the expression quantitative trait locus browser showed a number of highly associated SNP alleles correlated with mRNA expression levels not of @entity3 and @entity1 or @entity2 , but of @entity6 and @entity4 , respectively. In contrast, none of the top SNPs within these regions was associated with transcript levels at @entity3 , @entity1 or @entity2 . Our post-GWA study highlights benefits of fine-mapping of common disease variants in combination with publicly available data sets. In addition, caution should be exercised when assigning functionality to candidate genes in regions discovered through GWA analysis.

title: Fine-mapping of XXXX susceptibility loci at 8q23.3, 16q22.1 and 19q13.11: refinement of association signals and use of in silico analysis to suggest functional variation and unexpected candidate target genes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The early transcriptional defense responses and reactive @entity0 species (ROS) production in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) cell suspension culture (ACSC), containing functional chloroplasts, were examined at @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The transcriptional analysis revealed that most of the ROS markers identified among the 449 transcripts with significant differential expression were transcripts specifically up-regulated by singlet @entity0 ( @entity5 ). On the contrary, minimal correlation was established with transcripts specifically up-regulated by @entity1 radical or @entity2 . The transcriptional analysis was supported by fluorescence microscopy experiments. The incubation of ACSC with the @entity5 sensor green reagent and @entity7 showed that the 30-min- @entity6 -treated cultures emitted fluorescence that corresponded with the production of @entity5 but not of @entity2 . Furthermore, the in vivo photodamage of the D1 protein of photosystem II indicated that the photogeneration of @entity5 took place within the photosystem II reaction center. Functional enrichment analyses identified transcripts that are key components of the ROS signaling transduction pathway in plants as well as others encoding transcription factors that regulate both ROS scavenging and water deficit stress. A meta-analysis examining the transcriptional profiles of mutants and hormone treatments in @entity3 showed a high correlation between ACSC at @entity6 and the fluorescent mutant family of @entity3 , a producer of @entity5 in plastids. Intriguingly, a high correlation was also observed with ABA deficient1 and more axillary growth4, two mutants with defects in the biosynthesis pathways of two key (apo)carotenoid-derived plant hormones (i.e. @entity4 and @entity8 , respectively). ACSC has proven to be a valuable system for studying early transcriptional responses to @entity6 stress.

title: Early transcriptional defense responses in XXXX cell suspension culture under high-light conditions.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The multicellular nature of plants requires that cells should communicate in order to coordinate essential functions. This is achieved in part by molecular flux through pores in the cell wall, called plasmodesmata. We describe the proteomic analysis of plasmodesmata purified from the walls of @entity0 suspension cells. Isolated plasmodesmata were seen as membrane-rich structures largely devoid of immunoreactive markers for the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasmic components. Using nano-liquid chromatography and an Orbitrap ion-trap tandem mass spectrometer, 1341 proteins were identified. We refer to this list as the plasmodesmata- or @entity1 . Relative to other cell wall proteomes, the @entity1 is depleted in wall proteins and enriched for membrane proteins, but still has a significant number (35%) of putative cytoplasmic contaminants, probably reflecting the sensitivity of the proteomic detection system. To validate the @entity1 we searched for known plasmodesmal proteins and used molecular and cell biological techniques to identify novel putative plasmodesmal proteins from a small subset of candidates. The @entity1 contained known plasmodesmal proteins and some inferred plasmodesmal proteins, based upon sequence or functional homology with examples identified in different plant systems. Many of these had a membrane association reflecting the membranous nature of isolated structures. Exploiting this connection we analysed a sample of the abundant receptor-like class of membrane proteins and a small random selection of other membrane proteins for their ability to target plasmodesmata as fluorescently-tagged fusion proteins. From 15 candidates we identified three receptor-like kinases, a tetraspanin and a protein of unknown function as novel potential plasmodesmal proteins. Together with published work, these data suggest that the membranous elements in plasmodesmata may be rich in receptor-like functions, and they validate the content of the @entity1 as a valuable resource for the further uncovering of the structure and function of plasmodesmata as key components in cell-to-cell communication in plants.

title: XXXX plasmodesmal proteome.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Between September 1997 and March 1998, a severe @entity2 was observed in a population of dusky pigmy rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri), at the Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge in Volusia County, Florida (USA). Three affected pigmy rattlesnakes were submitted for necropsy. All snakes had severe @entity0 and predominantly @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity8 , with involvement of the subadjacent musculature and other soft tissues. Numerous fungal hyphae were seen throughout tissue sections stained with @entity6 Schiff and Gomori's @entity3 silver. Samples of lesions were cultured for bacteria and fungi. Based on hyphae and spore characteristics, four species of fungi were identified from culture: @entity7 , Pestalotia pezizoides, Geotrichum candidum (Galactomyces geotrichum), and Paecilomyces sp. While no additional severely affected pigmy rattlesnakes were seen at the study site, a garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) and a ribbon snake (Thamnophis sauritis) with similar lesions were found. In 1998 and 1999, 42 pigmy rattlesnakes with multifocal minimal to moderate subcutaneous masses were seen at the study site. Masses from six of these snakes were biopsied in the field. Hyphae morphologically similar to those seen in the severe cases were observed with fungal stains. Analysis of a database representing 10,727 captures in previous years was performed after the 1998 outbreak was recognized. From this analysis we determined that 59 snakes with clinical signs similar to those seen during the 1998 outbreak were documented between 1992 and 1997. This study represents the first documented report of a @entity1 of free-ranging snakes.

title: An outbreak of XXXX and @entity5 in a free-ranging population of pigmy rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri) in Florida.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Between September 1997 and March 1998, a severe @entity2 was observed in a population of dusky pigmy rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri), at the Lake Woodruff National Wildlife Refuge in Volusia County, Florida (USA). Three affected pigmy rattlesnakes were submitted for necropsy. All snakes had severe @entity0 and predominantly @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity8 , with involvement of the subadjacent musculature and other soft tissues. Numerous fungal hyphae were seen throughout tissue sections stained with @entity6 Schiff and Gomori's @entity3 silver. Samples of lesions were cultured for bacteria and fungi. Based on hyphae and spore characteristics, four species of fungi were identified from culture: @entity7 , Pestalotia pezizoides, Geotrichum candidum (Galactomyces geotrichum), and Paecilomyces sp. While no additional severely affected pigmy rattlesnakes were seen at the study site, a garter snake (Thamnophis sirtalis) and a ribbon snake (Thamnophis sauritis) with similar lesions were found. In 1998 and 1999, 42 pigmy rattlesnakes with multifocal minimal to moderate subcutaneous masses were seen at the study site. Masses from six of these snakes were biopsied in the field. Hyphae morphologically similar to those seen in the severe cases were observed with fungal stains. Analysis of a database representing 10,727 captures in previous years was performed after the 1998 outbreak was recognized. From this analysis we determined that 59 snakes with clinical signs similar to those seen during the 1998 outbreak were documented between 1992 and 1997. This study represents the first documented report of a @entity1 of free-ranging snakes.

title: An outbreak of @entity4 and XXXX in a free-ranging population of pigmy rattlesnakes (Sistrurus miliarius barbouri) in Florida.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a single dose of @entity1 , administered when the adductor pollicis muscle presents 2 twitches in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) stimulation, can reduce the @entity3 ratio in the corrugator supercilii muscle. @entity0 AND METHODS: We designed a case-control study of @entity0 between 18 and 65 years of age classified ASA 1-2. We used 2 accelerometers--1 for the cubital nerve/thumb adductor muscle and 1 for the facial nerve/corrugator supercilii muscle. @entity4 was induced with 0.6 mg x kg(-1) of @entity2 , and 40 microg x kg(-1) of @entity1 was administered at the third twitch in the @entity3 in the thumb adductor. If the @entity3 ratio in the corrugator supercilii fell by 10% or more at that time, the @entity0 was classified as a case. We recorded the age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, duration of the procedure, and @entity3 ratio in the corrugator supercilii muscle when the @entity1 was administered. RESULTS: Ten cases and 10 controls were enrolled. No significant differences between cases and controls were found in any variables except the mean (SD) @entity3 ratio in the corrugator supercilii muscle: 70.9% (17.8%) in cases and 35.3% (7.8%) in controls (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: In our @entity0 , administration of @entity1 after the appearance of the third twitch in @entity3 stimulation of the thumb adductor was associated with a reduction in the @entity3 ratio in the corrugator supercilii. The similarity between blockades of the corrugator muscle, the diaphragm, and the larynx is of clinical interest.

title: [ XXXX -induced @entity4 in the corrugator supercilii muscle].

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether a single dose of @entity1 , administered when the adductor pollicis muscle presents 2 twitches in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) stimulation, can reduce the @entity3 ratio in the corrugator supercilii muscle. @entity0 AND METHODS: We designed a case-control study of @entity0 between 18 and 65 years of age classified ASA 1-2. We used 2 accelerometers--1 for the cubital nerve/thumb adductor muscle and 1 for the facial nerve/corrugator supercilii muscle. @entity4 was induced with 0.6 mg x kg(-1) of @entity2 , and 40 microg x kg(-1) of @entity1 was administered at the third twitch in the @entity3 in the thumb adductor. If the @entity3 ratio in the corrugator supercilii fell by 10% or more at that time, the @entity0 was classified as a case. We recorded the age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, duration of the procedure, and @entity3 ratio in the corrugator supercilii muscle when the @entity1 was administered. RESULTS: Ten cases and 10 controls were enrolled. No significant differences between cases and controls were found in any variables except the mean (SD) @entity3 ratio in the corrugator supercilii muscle: 70.9% (17.8%) in cases and 35.3% (7.8%) in controls (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: In our @entity0 , administration of @entity1 after the appearance of the third twitch in @entity3 stimulation of the thumb adductor was associated with a reduction in the @entity3 ratio in the corrugator supercilii. The similarity between blockades of the corrugator muscle, the diaphragm, and the larynx is of clinical interest.

title: [ @entity1 -induced XXXX in the corrugator supercilii muscle].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Tight control of blood @entity4 is the most important strategy for the treatment of @entity0 . Here, we investigated the beneficial effects of Welsh onion on fasting and postprandial @entity6 . Inhibitory activities of hot water extracts from the green stalk and white bulb, which are the edible portions of the Welsh onion, and the fibrous root extract against @entity3 a-glucosidase were measured in vitro. To study the effects of Welsh onion on postprandial @entity6 , a starch solution (1 g/kg) with and without Welsh onion fibrous root extract (500 mg/kg) or @entity7 (50 mg/kg) was administered to @entity5 -induced @entity0 @entity2 after an overnight fast. Postprandial plasma @entity4 levels were measured and incremental areas under the response curve were calculated. To study the hypoglycemic effects of chronic feeding of Welsh onion, five-week-old db/db @entity1 were fed an AIN-93G diet or a diet containing either Welsh onion fibrous root extract at 0.5% or @entity7 at 0.05% for 7 weeks after 1 week of adaptation. Fasting plasma @entity4 and blood glycated hemoglobin were measured. Compared to the extract from the edible portions of Welsh onion, the fibrous root extract showed stronger inhibition against @entity3 a-glucosidase, with an IC(50) of 239   g/mL. Oral administration of Welsh onion fibrous root extract (500 mg/kg) and @entity7 (50 mg/kg) significantly decreased incremental plasma @entity4 levels 30-120 min after oral ingestion of starch as well as the area under the postprandial @entity4 response curve, compared to the control group (P < 0.01). The plasma @entity4 and blood glycated hemoglobin levels of the Welsh onion group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < 0.01), and were not significantly different from those fed @entity7 . Thus, we conclude that the fibrous root of Welsh onion is effective in controlling @entity6 in animal models of @entity0 .

title: Hypoglycemic effects of Welsh onion in an animal model of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A 53-year-old @entity0 had chronic low back and leg @entity3 for four years without any history of @entity2 or neurological manifestations. There was a reduction in symptoms after a lumbar epidural block. Two hours later after the procedure, the @entity0 complained of perineal @entity7 and @entity4 . The neurological evaluation revealed @entity6 in the saddle area and the posterior aspect of the leg. The deep-tendon reflexes were decreased in the leg. The @entity0 was unable to urinate. The MRI revealed a @entity5 at the S3 level of the sacral spine with cauda equina compression. The @entity0 's symptoms improved slightly over the next few hours. The @entity0 had a gradual return of motor function and could feel the Foley catheter. All of the symptoms completely resolved over the next nine hours and the @entity0 was discharged to home once completely recovered. This case illustrates the importance of clinical examination and continued vigilance for evaluation of @entity1 after epidural injections.

title: Transient cauda equina syndrome related to a XXXX with cauda equine compression after a lumbar epidural block -A case report-.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The EORTC has launched a phase II trial to assess safety and efficacy of SBRT for centrally located NSCLC: The EORTC 22113-08113-Lungtech trial. Due to neighbouring critical structures, these @entity1 remain challenging to treat. To guarantee accordance to protocol and treatment safety, an RTQA procedure has been implemented within the frame of the EORTC RTQA levels. These levels are here expanded to include innovative tools beyond protocol compliance verification: the actual dose delivered to each @entity0 will be estimated and linked to trial outcomes to enable better understanding of dose related response and @entity2 . METHOD: For trial participation, institutions must provide a completed facility questionnaire and beam output audit results. To insure ability to comply with protocol specifications a benchmark case is sent to all centres. After approval, institutions are allowed to recruit @entity0 . Nonetheless, each treatment plan will be prospectively reviewed insuring trial compliance consistency over time. As new features, @entity0 's CBCT images and applied positioning corrections will be saved for dose recalculation on @entity0 's daily geometry. To assess RTQA along the treatment chain, institutions will be visited once during the time of the trial. Over the course of this visit, end-to-end tests will be performed using the 008ACIRS-breathing platform with two separate bodies. The first body carries EBT3 films and an ionization chamber. The other body newly developed for PET- CT evaluation is fillable with a solution of high activity. 3D or 4D PET-CT and 4D-CT scanning techniques will be evaluated to assess the impact of motion artefacts on target volume accuracy. Finally, a dosimetric evaluation in static and dynamic conditions will be performed. DISCUSSION: Previous data on mediastinal @entity2 are scarce and source of cautiousness for setting-up SBRT treatments for centrally located NSCLC. Thanks to the combination of documented @entity0 related outcomes and CBCT based dose recalculation we expect to provide improved models for dose response and dose related @entity2 . CONCLUSION: We have developed a comprehensive RTQA model for trials involving modern radiotherapy. These procedures could also serve as examples of extended RTQA for future radiotherapy trials involving quantitative use of PET and @entity1 motion.

title: Lungtech, a phase II EORTC trial of SBRT for centrally located XXXX - a clinical physics perspective.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a common childhood disease characterised by @entity3 following infection. Susceptibility to recurrent acute @entity3 (rAOM) and chronic @entity3 with effusion (COME) is highly heritable. Two @entity1 mutants, Junbo and Jeff, spontaneously develop severe @entity3 with similar phenotypes to @entity0 disease. Fine-mapping of these mutants identified two genes ( @entity7 and @entity8 ) that interact with the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) signalling pathway. We investigated these genes, as well as four @entity6 (SMAD) genes of the @entity4 pathway, as candidate rAOM/COME susceptibility genes in two predominantly Caucasian populations. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within @entity8 (family-based association testing Z-Score=2.61; P(best)=0.009) were associated with severe @entity3 in family-based analysis of 434 families (561 affected individuals) from the Western Australian Family Study of @entity3 . The @entity8 association was replicated by directed analysis of Illumina 660W-Quad Beadchip data available for 253 cases and 866 controls (OR=1.55 (95% CI 1.28-1.89); P(best)=6.9   10(-6)) available within the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Combined primary and replication results show P(combined)=2.98   10(-6). Neither cohort showed an association with @entity7 variants. Family-based associations at @entity5 (P=0.038) and @entity2 (P=0.048) were not replicated. Together, these data provide strong evidence for @entity8 as a susceptibility gene for severe @entity3 .

title: XXXX , a regulator of the @entity4 pathway, is associated with severe otitis media in Western Australian @entity0 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a common childhood disease characterised by @entity3 following infection. Susceptibility to recurrent acute @entity3 (rAOM) and chronic @entity3 with effusion (COME) is highly heritable. Two @entity1 mutants, Junbo and Jeff, spontaneously develop severe @entity3 with similar phenotypes to @entity0 disease. Fine-mapping of these mutants identified two genes ( @entity7 and @entity8 ) that interact with the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) signalling pathway. We investigated these genes, as well as four @entity6 (SMAD) genes of the @entity4 pathway, as candidate rAOM/COME susceptibility genes in two predominantly Caucasian populations. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within @entity8 (family-based association testing Z-Score=2.61; P(best)=0.009) were associated with severe @entity3 in family-based analysis of 434 families (561 affected individuals) from the Western Australian Family Study of @entity3 . The @entity8 association was replicated by directed analysis of Illumina 660W-Quad Beadchip data available for 253 cases and 866 controls (OR=1.55 (95% CI 1.28-1.89); P(best)=6.9   10(-6)) available within the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Combined primary and replication results show P(combined)=2.98   10(-6). Neither cohort showed an association with @entity7 variants. Family-based associations at @entity5 (P=0.038) and @entity2 (P=0.048) were not replicated. Together, these data provide strong evidence for @entity8 as a susceptibility gene for severe @entity3 .

title: @entity8 , a regulator of the XXXX pathway, is associated with severe otitis media in Western Australian @entity0 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a common childhood disease characterised by @entity3 following infection. Susceptibility to recurrent acute @entity3 (rAOM) and chronic @entity3 with effusion (COME) is highly heritable. Two @entity1 mutants, Junbo and Jeff, spontaneously develop severe @entity3 with similar phenotypes to @entity0 disease. Fine-mapping of these mutants identified two genes ( @entity7 and @entity8 ) that interact with the @entity4 ( @entity4 ) signalling pathway. We investigated these genes, as well as four @entity6 (SMAD) genes of the @entity4 pathway, as candidate rAOM/COME susceptibility genes in two predominantly Caucasian populations. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within @entity8 (family-based association testing Z-Score=2.61; P(best)=0.009) were associated with severe @entity3 in family-based analysis of 434 families (561 affected individuals) from the Western Australian Family Study of @entity3 . The @entity8 association was replicated by directed analysis of Illumina 660W-Quad Beadchip data available for 253 cases and 866 controls (OR=1.55 (95% CI 1.28-1.89); P(best)=6.9   10(-6)) available within the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study. Combined primary and replication results show P(combined)=2.98   10(-6). Neither cohort showed an association with @entity7 variants. Family-based associations at @entity5 (P=0.038) and @entity2 (P=0.048) were not replicated. Together, these data provide strong evidence for @entity8 as a susceptibility gene for severe @entity3 .

title: @entity8 , a regulator of the @entity4 pathway, is associated with severe otitis media in Western Australian XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Factors influencing fetal and childhood growth may affect a @entity0 's risk of developing @entity2 . Associations of size at birth and body size in young adulthood with @entity2 and other nonaffective psychoses were assessed in a cohort of 334,577 Swedish male conscripts born in 1973-1980 for whom linked birth, census, hospital admission, and adult height and weight data were available. Complete data on all study variables were available for 246,655 subjects. Over a mean 3.4-year follow-up beginning at age 18 years, 80 subjects developed @entity2 and 124 developed other nonaffective psychoses. A reverse J-shaped association was found between gestation-adjusted birth weight and @entity2 . The hazard ratios were 7.03 (95% confidence interval: 1.59, 31.10) for males of low birth weight (<2.5 kg) and 3.37 (95% confidence interval: 1.68, 6.74) for those of high birth weight (>4.0 kg). Birth weight was not strongly related to other nonaffective psychoses. Taller males had a reduced risk of @entity3 . The lowest risks were seen for low birth weight males who became tall adults. The associations with birth weight indicate that fetal exposures, including possible effects of gestational @entity1 , are important in the etiology of @entity3 . The role of childhood exposures, as indexed by adult height and body mass index, appears to be less strong.

title: Patterns of fetal and childhood growth and the development of XXXX in young males: a cohort study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The features of childhood @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are significantly associated with adult @entity6 . Some genetic factors may be common to both @entity2 and @entity6 underlie the association between these two phenotypes. The present study aimed to determine whether a genetic role may be played by the @entity5 transporter-linked polymorphic region ( @entity7 ) in the childhood @entity2 features of adult @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: The present study included 232 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), 154 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and 1,288 normal controls. Childhood @entity2 features were assessed with the Korean version of the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-K). The total score and the scores of three factors ( @entity1 , inattention, and mood instability) from the WURS-K were analyzed to determine whether they were associated with the @entity7 genotype. RESULTS: In the @entity3 group, the @entity7 genotype was significantly associated with the total score (p=0.029) and the @entity1 factor (p=0.004) on the WURS-K. However, the inattention and mood instability factors were not associated with the @entity7 genotype. @entity3 , @entity4 and normal control groups did not exhibit any significant associations between the WURS-K scores and the @entity7 genotype. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the @entity7 genotype may play a role in the @entity1 component of childhood @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 . Because of a small sample size and a single candidate gene, further studies investigating other candidate genes using a larger sample are warranted to determine any common genetic links.

title: Association between the XXXX Genotype and Childhood Characteristics in @entity6 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The features of childhood @entity2 ( @entity2 ) are significantly associated with adult @entity6 . Some genetic factors may be common to both @entity2 and @entity6 underlie the association between these two phenotypes. The present study aimed to determine whether a genetic role may be played by the @entity5 transporter-linked polymorphic region ( @entity7 ) in the childhood @entity2 features of adult @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODS: The present study included 232 @entity0 with @entity4 ( @entity4 ), 154 @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and 1,288 normal controls. Childhood @entity2 features were assessed with the Korean version of the Wender Utah Rating Scale (WURS-K). The total score and the scores of three factors ( @entity1 , inattention, and mood instability) from the WURS-K were analyzed to determine whether they were associated with the @entity7 genotype. RESULTS: In the @entity3 group, the @entity7 genotype was significantly associated with the total score (p=0.029) and the @entity1 factor (p=0.004) on the WURS-K. However, the inattention and mood instability factors were not associated with the @entity7 genotype. @entity3 , @entity4 and normal control groups did not exhibit any significant associations between the WURS-K scores and the @entity7 genotype. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the @entity7 genotype may play a role in the @entity1 component of childhood @entity2 in @entity0 with @entity3 . Because of a small sample size and a single candidate gene, further studies investigating other candidate genes using a larger sample are warranted to determine any common genetic links.

title: Association between the @entity7 Genotype and Childhood Characteristics in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the patterns of failure for @entity0 with @entity2 receiving a conformal @entity1 bed boost rather than a boost to the entire posterior fossa. @entity0 AND METHODS: From 1994 to 2002, 32 consecutive @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity2 treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (New York, NY) received a conformal boost to the @entity1 bed in conjunction with craniospinal radiation therapy. Twenty-eight @entity0 also received chemotherapy. The median age was 9 years (range, 3 to 34 years), and the male to female ratio was 3:1. Twenty-seven @entity0 had standard-risk disease, and five @entity0 had high-risk disease. Craniospinal doses ranged from 23.4 to 39.6 Gy, and total @entity1 bed doses ranged from 54 to 59.4 Gy. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 56 months, six @entity0 have relapsed; five relapsed outside of the posterior fossa, and one failed within the posterior fossa, outside of the high-dose boost volume. Five-year actuarial disease-free and overall survival rates were 84% and 85%, respectively. Freedom from posterior fossa failure was 100% and 86% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Freedom from distant failure was 84% at 5 years, with a trend for improvement when full-dose craniospinal radiation (36 to 39.6 Gy) was used compared with a reduced dose (23.4 Gy) of radiation (100% v 63%, respectively; P =.06). No other predictive variables were identified. CONCLUSION: Conformal treatment to the @entity1 bed allows for significant sparing of critical structures. The posterior fossa failure rate in this series is similar to that reported when the entire posterior fossa is treated. This approach should be investigated further in a phase III trial.

title: Patterns of failure using a conformal radiation therapy @entity1 bed boost for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the patterns of failure for @entity0 with @entity2 receiving a conformal @entity1 bed boost rather than a boost to the entire posterior fossa. @entity0 AND METHODS: From 1994 to 2002, 32 consecutive @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity2 treated at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center (New York, NY) received a conformal boost to the @entity1 bed in conjunction with craniospinal radiation therapy. Twenty-eight @entity0 also received chemotherapy. The median age was 9 years (range, 3 to 34 years), and the male to female ratio was 3:1. Twenty-seven @entity0 had standard-risk disease, and five @entity0 had high-risk disease. Craniospinal doses ranged from 23.4 to 39.6 Gy, and total @entity1 bed doses ranged from 54 to 59.4 Gy. RESULTS: With a median follow-up of 56 months, six @entity0 have relapsed; five relapsed outside of the posterior fossa, and one failed within the posterior fossa, outside of the high-dose boost volume. Five-year actuarial disease-free and overall survival rates were 84% and 85%, respectively. Freedom from posterior fossa failure was 100% and 86% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Freedom from distant failure was 84% at 5 years, with a trend for improvement when full-dose craniospinal radiation (36 to 39.6 Gy) was used compared with a reduced dose (23.4 Gy) of radiation (100% v 63%, respectively; P =.06). No other predictive variables were identified. CONCLUSION: Conformal treatment to the @entity1 bed allows for significant sparing of critical structures. The posterior fossa failure rate in this series is similar to that reported when the entire posterior fossa is treated. This approach should be investigated further in a phase III trial.

title: Patterns of failure using a conformal radiation therapy XXXX bed boost for @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to establish the feasibility and efficacy of preoperative radiotherapy (RT) with concurrent @entity5 and @entity6 (XELOX-RT) in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 with locally advanced (T3/T4) or low-lying @entity1 received preoperative RT (total dose, 50.4 Gy). @entity5 was administered concurrently at 825 mg/m2 bid on days 1 to 14 and 22 to 35, with @entity6 starting at 50 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 22, and 29 with planned escalation steps of 10 mg/m2. End points of the phase II study included downstaging, histopathologic tumor regression, resectability of @entity2 , and sphincter preservation in @entity0 with @entity1 . RESULTS: Dose-limiting grade 3 gastrointestinal @entity3 was observed in two of six @entity0 treated with 60 mg/m2 of @entity6 . Thus, 50 mg/m2 was the recommended dose for the phase II study. @entity3 observed at this dose level were generally mild, with only two cases of short-lived grade 3 @entity4 . Myelosuppression, mainly @entity7 , was restricted to grade 2 in 19% of @entity0 . T-category downstaging was achieved in 17 (55%) of 31 operated @entity0 , and 68% of @entity0 had negative lymph nodes. Pathologic complete response was found in 19% of the resected specimens. Radical surgery with free margins could be performed in 79% of @entity0 with @entity2 , and 36% of @entity0 with @entity1 < or = 2 cm from the dentate line had sphincter-saving surgery. CONCLUSION: Preoperative XELOX-RT is a feasible and well tolerated treatment. This regimen is proposed for phase III evaluation comparing standard @entity8 -based therapy with XELOX chemoradiotherapy.

title: Phase I/II trial of @entity5 , XXXX , and radiation for @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to establish the feasibility and efficacy of preoperative radiotherapy (RT) with concurrent @entity5 and @entity6 (XELOX-RT) in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 with locally advanced (T3/T4) or low-lying @entity1 received preoperative RT (total dose, 50.4 Gy). @entity5 was administered concurrently at 825 mg/m2 bid on days 1 to 14 and 22 to 35, with @entity6 starting at 50 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 22, and 29 with planned escalation steps of 10 mg/m2. End points of the phase II study included downstaging, histopathologic tumor regression, resectability of @entity2 , and sphincter preservation in @entity0 with @entity1 . RESULTS: Dose-limiting grade 3 gastrointestinal @entity3 was observed in two of six @entity0 treated with 60 mg/m2 of @entity6 . Thus, 50 mg/m2 was the recommended dose for the phase II study. @entity3 observed at this dose level were generally mild, with only two cases of short-lived grade 3 @entity4 . Myelosuppression, mainly @entity7 , was restricted to grade 2 in 19% of @entity0 . T-category downstaging was achieved in 17 (55%) of 31 operated @entity0 , and 68% of @entity0 had negative lymph nodes. Pathologic complete response was found in 19% of the resected specimens. Radical surgery with free margins could be performed in 79% of @entity0 with @entity2 , and 36% of @entity0 with @entity1 < or = 2 cm from the dentate line had sphincter-saving surgery. CONCLUSION: Preoperative XELOX-RT is a feasible and well tolerated treatment. This regimen is proposed for phase III evaluation comparing standard @entity8 -based therapy with XELOX chemoradiotherapy.

title: Phase I/II trial of XXXX , @entity6 , and radiation for @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to establish the feasibility and efficacy of preoperative radiotherapy (RT) with concurrent @entity5 and @entity6 (XELOX-RT) in @entity0 with @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 with locally advanced (T3/T4) or low-lying @entity1 received preoperative RT (total dose, 50.4 Gy). @entity5 was administered concurrently at 825 mg/m2 bid on days 1 to 14 and 22 to 35, with @entity6 starting at 50 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, 22, and 29 with planned escalation steps of 10 mg/m2. End points of the phase II study included downstaging, histopathologic tumor regression, resectability of @entity2 , and sphincter preservation in @entity0 with @entity1 . RESULTS: Dose-limiting grade 3 gastrointestinal @entity3 was observed in two of six @entity0 treated with 60 mg/m2 of @entity6 . Thus, 50 mg/m2 was the recommended dose for the phase II study. @entity3 observed at this dose level were generally mild, with only two cases of short-lived grade 3 @entity4 . Myelosuppression, mainly @entity7 , was restricted to grade 2 in 19% of @entity0 . T-category downstaging was achieved in 17 (55%) of 31 operated @entity0 , and 68% of @entity0 had negative lymph nodes. Pathologic complete response was found in 19% of the resected specimens. Radical surgery with free margins could be performed in 79% of @entity0 with @entity2 , and 36% of @entity0 with @entity1 < or = 2 cm from the dentate line had sphincter-saving surgery. CONCLUSION: Preoperative XELOX-RT is a feasible and well tolerated treatment. This regimen is proposed for phase III evaluation comparing standard @entity8 -based therapy with XELOX chemoradiotherapy.

title: Phase I/II trial of @entity5 , @entity6 , and radiation for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trophoblast expressing paternal HLA-C antigens resemble a semiallograft, and could be rejected by maternal @entity2 + T lymphocytes. We examined the possible role in @entity0 pregnancy of Th17 cells, known to be involved in allograft rejection and reported for this reason to be responsible for miscarriages. We also studied Th17/ @entity3 and Th17/Th2 cells never investigated before. We defined for the first time the role of different Th17 subpopulations at the embryo implantation site and the role of HLA-G5, produced by the trophoblast/embryo, on Th17 cell differentiation. METHODS: Cytokine production by @entity2 + purified T cell and T clones from decidua of normal pregnancy, @entity7 , and ectopic pregnancy at both embryo implantation site and distant from that site were analyzed for protein and mRNA production. Antigen-specific T cell lines were derived in the presence and in the absence of HLA-G5. RESULTS: We found an associated spontaneous production of @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity4 along with expression of @entity13 , @entity8 and @entity12 (Th2- and Th17-type markers) in fresh decidua @entity2 + T cells during successful pregnancy. There was a prevalence of Th17/Th2 cells (producing @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity11 and @entity4 ) in the decidua of successful pregnancy, but the exclusive presence of Th17 (producing @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity11 ) and Th17/ @entity3 (producing @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity11 and @entity1 ) cells was found in the decidua of @entity7 . More importantly, we observed that Th17/Th2 cells were exclusively present at the embryo implantation site during tubal ectopic pregnancy, and that @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity5 , @entity10 mRNA levels increased in tubal biopsies taken from embryo implantation sites, whereas Th17, Th17/ @entity3 and @entity3 cells are exclusively present apart from implantation sites. Moreover, soluble HLA-G5 mediates the development of Th17/Th2 cells by increasing @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity6 protein and mRNA production of @entity2 + T helper cells. CONCLUSION: No pathogenic role of decidual Th17 cells during pregnancy was observed. Indeed, a beneficial role for these cells was observed when they also produced @entity4 . HLA-G5 could be the key feature of the uterine microenvironment responsible for the development of Th17/Th2 cells, which seem to be crucial for successful embryo implantation.

title: Interleukin-17-producing decidual @entity2 + T cells are not deleterious for @entity0 pregnancy when they also produce XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trophoblast expressing paternal HLA-C antigens resemble a semiallograft, and could be rejected by maternal @entity2 + T lymphocytes. We examined the possible role in @entity0 pregnancy of Th17 cells, known to be involved in allograft rejection and reported for this reason to be responsible for miscarriages. We also studied Th17/ @entity3 and Th17/Th2 cells never investigated before. We defined for the first time the role of different Th17 subpopulations at the embryo implantation site and the role of HLA-G5, produced by the trophoblast/embryo, on Th17 cell differentiation. METHODS: Cytokine production by @entity2 + purified T cell and T clones from decidua of normal pregnancy, @entity7 , and ectopic pregnancy at both embryo implantation site and distant from that site were analyzed for protein and mRNA production. Antigen-specific T cell lines were derived in the presence and in the absence of HLA-G5. RESULTS: We found an associated spontaneous production of @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity4 along with expression of @entity13 , @entity8 and @entity12 (Th2- and Th17-type markers) in fresh decidua @entity2 + T cells during successful pregnancy. There was a prevalence of Th17/Th2 cells (producing @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity11 and @entity4 ) in the decidua of successful pregnancy, but the exclusive presence of Th17 (producing @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity11 ) and Th17/ @entity3 (producing @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity11 and @entity1 ) cells was found in the decidua of @entity7 . More importantly, we observed that Th17/Th2 cells were exclusively present at the embryo implantation site during tubal ectopic pregnancy, and that @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity5 , @entity10 mRNA levels increased in tubal biopsies taken from embryo implantation sites, whereas Th17, Th17/ @entity3 and @entity3 cells are exclusively present apart from implantation sites. Moreover, soluble HLA-G5 mediates the development of Th17/Th2 cells by increasing @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity6 protein and mRNA production of @entity2 + T helper cells. CONCLUSION: No pathogenic role of decidual Th17 cells during pregnancy was observed. Indeed, a beneficial role for these cells was observed when they also produced @entity4 . HLA-G5 could be the key feature of the uterine microenvironment responsible for the development of Th17/Th2 cells, which seem to be crucial for successful embryo implantation.

title: Interleukin-17-producing decidual XXXX + T cells are not deleterious for @entity0 pregnancy when they also produce @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Trophoblast expressing paternal HLA-C antigens resemble a semiallograft, and could be rejected by maternal @entity2 + T lymphocytes. We examined the possible role in @entity0 pregnancy of Th17 cells, known to be involved in allograft rejection and reported for this reason to be responsible for miscarriages. We also studied Th17/ @entity3 and Th17/Th2 cells never investigated before. We defined for the first time the role of different Th17 subpopulations at the embryo implantation site and the role of HLA-G5, produced by the trophoblast/embryo, on Th17 cell differentiation. METHODS: Cytokine production by @entity2 + purified T cell and T clones from decidua of normal pregnancy, @entity7 , and ectopic pregnancy at both embryo implantation site and distant from that site were analyzed for protein and mRNA production. Antigen-specific T cell lines were derived in the presence and in the absence of HLA-G5. RESULTS: We found an associated spontaneous production of @entity5 , @entity6 and @entity4 along with expression of @entity13 , @entity8 and @entity12 (Th2- and Th17-type markers) in fresh decidua @entity2 + T cells during successful pregnancy. There was a prevalence of Th17/Th2 cells (producing @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity11 and @entity4 ) in the decidua of successful pregnancy, but the exclusive presence of Th17 (producing @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity11 ) and Th17/ @entity3 (producing @entity5 , @entity6 , @entity11 and @entity1 ) cells was found in the decidua of @entity7 . More importantly, we observed that Th17/Th2 cells were exclusively present at the embryo implantation site during tubal ectopic pregnancy, and that @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity5 , @entity10 mRNA levels increased in tubal biopsies taken from embryo implantation sites, whereas Th17, Th17/ @entity3 and @entity3 cells are exclusively present apart from implantation sites. Moreover, soluble HLA-G5 mediates the development of Th17/Th2 cells by increasing @entity4 , @entity5 and @entity6 protein and mRNA production of @entity2 + T helper cells. CONCLUSION: No pathogenic role of decidual Th17 cells during pregnancy was observed. Indeed, a beneficial role for these cells was observed when they also produced @entity4 . HLA-G5 could be the key feature of the uterine microenvironment responsible for the development of Th17/Th2 cells, which seem to be crucial for successful embryo implantation.

title: Interleukin-17-producing decidual @entity2 + T cells are not deleterious for XXXX pregnancy when they also produce @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity4 ), a volatile liquid used as a degreasing agent, is a common environmental pollutant. In 2001, the EPA published a draft risk assessment for @entity4 that incorporates dosimetry predictions of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. The current modeling effort represents an expansion and extensive tissue dosimetry validation of rodent PBPK models for @entity4 . The pharmacokinetics of @entity4 in male Sprague-Dawley (S-D) @entity2 were characterized (1) during and after inhalation exposure to 50 or 500 ppm @entity4 , (2) following administration of 8 mg/kg @entity4 PO, and (3) following intra-arterial injection of 8 mg/kg @entity4 . Blood and tissues (including liver, kidney, fat, skeletal muscle, heart, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and brain) were collected at selected time-points from 5 min up to 24 h post initial exposure. The fat compartment was modified to be diffusion-limited to predict the observed slow release of @entity4 from the fat. The addition of a deep liver compartment was necessary to accurately predict the slower hepatic clearance of @entity4 for all three exposure routes. Simulations of liver concentrations following gavage of male B6C3F1 @entity1 with 300-2000 mg/kg @entity4 were also improved with the addition of a deep liver compartment. Liver predictions were calibrated and validated using a cross-validation technique novel to PBPK modeling. Splitting of compartments did not significantly affect predictions of @entity4 concentrations in the liver, fat, or venous blood. This model expansion and validation increases both the utility and our confidence in the current use of rodent @entity4 PBPK models in @entity0 health risk assessment.

title: Tissue dosimetry expansion and cross-validation of @entity2 and XXXX physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity4 ), a volatile liquid used as a degreasing agent, is a common environmental pollutant. In 2001, the EPA published a draft risk assessment for @entity4 that incorporates dosimetry predictions of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. The current modeling effort represents an expansion and extensive tissue dosimetry validation of rodent PBPK models for @entity4 . The pharmacokinetics of @entity4 in male Sprague-Dawley (S-D) @entity2 were characterized (1) during and after inhalation exposure to 50 or 500 ppm @entity4 , (2) following administration of 8 mg/kg @entity4 PO, and (3) following intra-arterial injection of 8 mg/kg @entity4 . Blood and tissues (including liver, kidney, fat, skeletal muscle, heart, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and brain) were collected at selected time-points from 5 min up to 24 h post initial exposure. The fat compartment was modified to be diffusion-limited to predict the observed slow release of @entity4 from the fat. The addition of a deep liver compartment was necessary to accurately predict the slower hepatic clearance of @entity4 for all three exposure routes. Simulations of liver concentrations following gavage of male B6C3F1 @entity1 with 300-2000 mg/kg @entity4 were also improved with the addition of a deep liver compartment. Liver predictions were calibrated and validated using a cross-validation technique novel to PBPK modeling. Splitting of compartments did not significantly affect predictions of @entity4 concentrations in the liver, fat, or venous blood. This model expansion and validation increases both the utility and our confidence in the current use of rodent @entity4 PBPK models in @entity0 health risk assessment.

title: Tissue dosimetry expansion and cross-validation of @entity2 and @entity1 physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 ( @entity4 ), a volatile liquid used as a degreasing agent, is a common environmental pollutant. In 2001, the EPA published a draft risk assessment for @entity4 that incorporates dosimetry predictions of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. The current modeling effort represents an expansion and extensive tissue dosimetry validation of rodent PBPK models for @entity4 . The pharmacokinetics of @entity4 in male Sprague-Dawley (S-D) @entity2 were characterized (1) during and after inhalation exposure to 50 or 500 ppm @entity4 , (2) following administration of 8 mg/kg @entity4 PO, and (3) following intra-arterial injection of 8 mg/kg @entity4 . Blood and tissues (including liver, kidney, fat, skeletal muscle, heart, spleen, gastrointestinal tract, and brain) were collected at selected time-points from 5 min up to 24 h post initial exposure. The fat compartment was modified to be diffusion-limited to predict the observed slow release of @entity4 from the fat. The addition of a deep liver compartment was necessary to accurately predict the slower hepatic clearance of @entity4 for all three exposure routes. Simulations of liver concentrations following gavage of male B6C3F1 @entity1 with 300-2000 mg/kg @entity4 were also improved with the addition of a deep liver compartment. Liver predictions were calibrated and validated using a cross-validation technique novel to PBPK modeling. Splitting of compartments did not significantly affect predictions of @entity4 concentrations in the liver, fat, or venous blood. This model expansion and validation increases both the utility and our confidence in the current use of rodent @entity4 PBPK models in @entity0 health risk assessment.

title: Tissue dosimetry expansion and cross-validation of XXXX and @entity1 physiologically based pharmacokinetic models for @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Background and Objective. It is important to guarantee the quality of stem cells. Serial passage is the main approach to expand stem cells. This study evaluated effects of serial passage on the biological characteristics of @entity0 umbilical cord Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ MSCs). Methods. Biological properties of WJ MSCs in the early (less than 10 passages, @entity3 ), middle (P11-20), and late (more than @entity4 ) phases including cell proliferation, cell cycle, phenotype, senescence, oncogene expression, stemness marker expression, and differentiation capacity were evaluated using flow cytometry, real-time PCR, immunocytofluorescence, and western blot. Results. It was found that there were no significant differences in cell proliferation, cell cycle, phenotype, and stemness marker expression in different phases. However, the expression of senescence-related gene, @entity2 , and oncogene, @entity1 , was significantly upregulated in the late phase, which had close relations with the obviously increased cell senescence. Moreover, cardiac differentiation capability of WJ MSCs decreased whereas the propensity for neural differentiation increased significantly in the middle phase. Conclusions. This study reveals that WJ MSCs in the early and middle phases are relatively stable, and effect of serial passage on the lineage-specific differentiation should be considered carefully.

title: Effects of Serial Passage on the Characteristics and Cardiac and Neural Differentiation of XXXX Umbilical Cord Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Reports that sweet taste calms crying in newborns and is analgesic against the @entity2 caused by a heel lance served as the basis for this study. Electroencephalographic (EEG) activity, heart rate activity, and @entity0 ' @entity1 were recorded before and after a noninvasive, but noxious, heelstroke (procedure from the Brazelton Neonatal Behavior Assessment Scale). In a randomized and controlled trial, 34 newborns were administered 2 mL of water or @entity3 solution before the heelstroke. Frontal EEG asymmetry scores were computed, and power in the 3 to 6 Hz frequency band was analyzed. @entity0 who received water showed increased relative right frontal EEG activation from baseline to the post-heelstroke phase, a pattern that typifies negative affect. The EEG of @entity0 in the @entity3 group did not change. Heart rate increased rapidly in both groups during the heelstroke phase. However, after the heelstroke, the heart rate of @entity0 who received @entity3 returned to baseline, whereas the heart rate of @entity0 who tasted water remained elevated. During the heelstroke, the @entity0 in the water group cried and grimaced twice as long as the @entity0 in the @entity3 group. These findings add to the growing literature showing that @entity3 attenuates newborns' negative response to aversive or noxious stimuli.

title: XXXX attenuates a negative electroencephalographic response to an aversive stimulus for newborns.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical significance of abnormal sharp transients other than @entity1 ( @entity1 ), electroencephalograms were used for the diagnosis of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). STUDY DESIGN: We evaluated 126 electroencephalograms from 93 preterm @entity0 ; 31 @entity0 had @entity2 , and 62 were control @entity0 . Frontal sharp waves (FS) were defined as sharp transients of positive polarity with an amplitude >100 microV. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were defined as those of negative polarity with an amplitude >150 microV. FS, @entity1 , or @entity1 were considered to be present when there were >0.1 per minute. RESULTS: The number of FS per minute was significantly higher in the @entity2 group than in the control group during days 0 to 4 and 5 to 7. The number of @entity1 per minute was also significantly higher in the @entity2 group than in the control group during days 0 to 4, 5 to 7, and 8 to 14. The sensitivity of FS or @entity1 was relatively high but that of @entity1 was low. The presence of two or more types of abnormal sharp transients was correlated with a poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS: FS or @entity1 may be useful for predicting which @entity0 will have @entity2 .

title: Abnormal sharp transients on electroencephalograms in preterm @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the clinical significance of abnormal sharp transients other than @entity1 ( @entity1 ), electroencephalograms were used for the diagnosis of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). STUDY DESIGN: We evaluated 126 electroencephalograms from 93 preterm @entity0 ; 31 @entity0 had @entity2 , and 62 were control @entity0 . Frontal sharp waves (FS) were defined as sharp transients of positive polarity with an amplitude >100 microV. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were defined as those of negative polarity with an amplitude >150 microV. FS, @entity1 , or @entity1 were considered to be present when there were >0.1 per minute. RESULTS: The number of FS per minute was significantly higher in the @entity2 group than in the control group during days 0 to 4 and 5 to 7. The number of @entity1 per minute was also significantly higher in the @entity2 group than in the control group during days 0 to 4, 5 to 7, and 8 to 14. The sensitivity of FS or @entity1 was relatively high but that of @entity1 was low. The presence of two or more types of abnormal sharp transients was correlated with a poor outcome. CONCLUSIONS: FS or @entity1 may be useful for predicting which @entity0 will have @entity2 .

title: Abnormal sharp transients on electroencephalograms in preterm XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of body mass composition and cushion type on seat-interface pressure in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 and healthy subjects. METHODS: Twenty @entity1 @entity0 and control subjects were included and their body mass composition measured. Seat-interface pressure was measured with @entity0 in an upright sitting posture on a wheelchair with three kinds of seat cushion and without a seat cushion. We also measured the pressure with each @entity0 in three kinds of sitting postures on each air-filled cushion. We used repeated measure ANOVA, the Mann-Whitney test, and Spearman correlation coefficient for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The total skeletal muscle mass and body water in the lower extremities were significantly higher in the control group, whilst body fat was significantly higher in the @entity1 group. However, the seat-interface pressure and body mass composition were not significantly correlated in both groups. Each of the three types of seat cushion resulted in significant reduction in the seat-interface pressure. The @entity1 group had significantly higher seatinterface pressure than the control group regardless of cushion type or sitting posture. The three kinds of sitting posture did not result in a significant reduction of seat-interface pressure. CONCLUSION: We confirmed that the body mass composition does not have a direct effect on seat-interface pressure. However, a reduction of skeletal muscle mass and body water can influence the occurrence of pressure @entity2 . Furthermore, in order to minimize seat-interface pressure, it is necessary to apply a method fitted to each individual rather than a uniform method.

title: The Effects of Body Mass Composition and Cushion Type on Seat-Interface Pressure in Spinal Cord Injured XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In feminising @entity1 , @entity5 can be either secreted by the @entity1 itself or produced by normal Leydig cells in response to paracrine and/or endocrine stimulation by @entity6 . @entity1 patterns include: plasma @entity2 levels > 300 pmol/l on day 3 following an @entity6 injection, reduced plasma @entity3 , and normal plasma @entity6 and gonadotrophin levels. Except for elevated plasma @entity2 levels, opposite results are observed in @entity7 . We report a case of @entity5 -secreting @entity7 mimicking a @entity1 . A 24-year-old Caucasian @entity0 had complained of gynaecomastia for 6 months before admission. Hormonal pattern was typical of @entity1 . A 1.4 cm @entity1 was found in the left @entity4 and confirmed on sonography. Considering the likely diagnosis of @entity1 , the @entity0 was treated by tumourectomy. Surprisingly, pathological examination revealed a pure @entity7 . Perifusion experiments showed that the @entity1 was able to secrete significant amounts of @entity2 . In addition, @entity6 induced a two-fold increase in @entity2 production from perifused @entity1 explants. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the @entity1 was composed of nests of @entity7 cells intermingled with lymphoid infiltrates. @entity1 cells also expressed aromatase, the @entity6 / @entity8 and the Leydig cell marker relaxin-like factor, but were betahCG-negative. These results demonstrate that a pure @entity7 of the @entity4 is able to synthesise and secrete @entity5 . They also illustrate that the body of proof favouring the diagnosis of feminising @entity1 of the @entity4 is not rigorously specific.

title: An XXXX -producing @entity7 responsible for gynaecomastia.

answer: @entity5