abstract: Gram-negative bacteria especially Enterobacteriaceaespecies have become an increasing etiologic agent of @entity0 . The development of resistance to carbapenems have become an increasing problem in the treatment of @entity0 . Especially carbapenamases are common for Enterobacteriaceae strains. This study was performed to detect the types of carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceaestrains isolated from various clinical samples. Enterobacteriaceae species were isolated from urine, blood, tracheal aspirates, wound, and other respiratory samples. Susceptibility of isolates to @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity5 was tested. Carbapenemase genes were studied using HyplexSuperBug ID kit. @entity1 (1-13), IMP (1-22), NDM-1, @entity6 (1-10) and OXA-48 genes were investigated. Ninety-five isolates of Enterobacteriaceae spp. were included in the study. Sixty isolates were resistant to @entity3 , @entity2 and @entity5 and 20 isolates were found resistant to @entity3 or @entity5 while 15 were susceptible to all carbapenems. Among the isolates with @entity4 resistance, 57 were positive for one carbapenemase gene and susceptible isolates did not have carbapenemase gene. OXA-48 was found in 49 of the isolates (86%), NDM-1 in 6 (10.5%) isolates, @entity1 in 2 isolates. IMP and @entity6 gene loci were not identified. Carbapenemase genes play a crucial rolein the development and spread of resistant strains.

title: Investigation of XXXX , IMP, NDM-1, @entity6 AND OXA-48 enzymes in Enterobacteriaceae strains.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report our experience with anterograde balloon valvuloplasty in 17 neonates treated between November 1996 and June 2001 for critical @entity3 . @entity0 with @entity4 were excluded. Anterograde balloon valvoplasty of the aortic valve was possible in all 17 @entity0 . The mean peak systolic gradient prior to cardiac catheterization was 73 mm Hg (range, 30-117 mm Hg) and decreased to 37 mm Hg (range, 21-60 mm Hg) after the dilation. @entity1 after balloon valvoplasty was absent or mild in 14/17 @entity0 , moderate in 2 @entity0 , and severe in 1 @entity0 . There was no mortality or echocardiographic evidence for aortic cusp perforation or @entity2 associated with the procedure. Redilation was necessary in 3/17 @entity0 . Two @entity0 are awaiting elective Ross operation. One @entity0 with @entity5 died at 11 months of age. Anterograde balloon valvoplasty can be safely and effectively performed to palliate neonates with critical @entity3 .

title: Anterograde balloon valvuloplasty for the treatment of neonatal critical XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: In all species studied, fertilization induces intracellular @entity1 ([ @entity1 ]i) oscillations required for oocyte activation and embryonic development. This species-specific pattern has not been studied in the @entity2 , partly due to the difficulties linked to in vitro fertilization in this species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to investigate fertilization-induced [ @entity1 ]i signaling and, possibly, ascertain problems linked to the success of this technology in the @entity2 . In vivo- and in vitro-matured mare oocytes were injected with a single motile stallion sperm. Few oocytes displayed [ @entity1 ]i responses regardless of oocyte source and we hypothesized that this may result from insufficient release of the sperm-borne active molecule (sperm factor) into the oocyte. However, permeabilization of sperm membranes with Triton-X or by sonication did not alleviate the deficient [ @entity1 ]i responses in mare oocytes. Thus, we hypothesized that a step downstream of release, possibly required for sperm factor function, is not appropriately accomplished in @entity2 oocytes. To test this, ICSI-fertilized @entity2 oocytes were fused to unfertilized @entity0 oocytes, which are known to respond with [ @entity1 ]i oscillations to injection of stallion sperm, and [ @entity1 ]i monitoring was performed. Such pairs consistently displayed [ @entity1 ]i responses demonstrating that the sperm factor is appropriately released into the ooplasm of @entity2 oocytes, but that these are unable to activate and/or provide the appropriate substrate that is required for the sperm factor delivered by ICSI to initiate oscillations. These findings may have implications to improve the success of ICSI in the @entity2 and other livestock species.

title: Patterns of intracellular calcium oscillations in XXXX oocytes fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection: possible explanations for the low success of this assisted reproduction technique in the @entity2 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In all species studied, fertilization induces intracellular @entity1 ([ @entity1 ]i) oscillations required for oocyte activation and embryonic development. This species-specific pattern has not been studied in the @entity2 , partly due to the difficulties linked to in vitro fertilization in this species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to use intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) to investigate fertilization-induced [ @entity1 ]i signaling and, possibly, ascertain problems linked to the success of this technology in the @entity2 . In vivo- and in vitro-matured mare oocytes were injected with a single motile stallion sperm. Few oocytes displayed [ @entity1 ]i responses regardless of oocyte source and we hypothesized that this may result from insufficient release of the sperm-borne active molecule (sperm factor) into the oocyte. However, permeabilization of sperm membranes with Triton-X or by sonication did not alleviate the deficient [ @entity1 ]i responses in mare oocytes. Thus, we hypothesized that a step downstream of release, possibly required for sperm factor function, is not appropriately accomplished in @entity2 oocytes. To test this, ICSI-fertilized @entity2 oocytes were fused to unfertilized @entity0 oocytes, which are known to respond with [ @entity1 ]i oscillations to injection of stallion sperm, and [ @entity1 ]i monitoring was performed. Such pairs consistently displayed [ @entity1 ]i responses demonstrating that the sperm factor is appropriately released into the ooplasm of @entity2 oocytes, but that these are unable to activate and/or provide the appropriate substrate that is required for the sperm factor delivered by ICSI to initiate oscillations. These findings may have implications to improve the success of ICSI in the @entity2 and other livestock species.

title: Patterns of intracellular calcium oscillations in @entity2 oocytes fertilized by intracytoplasmic sperm injection: possible explanations for the low success of this assisted reproduction technique in the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Our previously developed assay for detection of the @entity1 mutation ( @entity2 ) based on a nucleic acid photo-cross-linking technology used two allele-specific capture probes and six @entity0 -modified signal-generating reporter probes. We wished to improve the sensitivity and performance of the method. METHODS: We developed new reporter probes with approximately 10-fold more @entity0 molecules than the original probes. The single, cross-linker-modified capture probe was replaced by a three-probe system, separating the probe-target cross-linking function and the allelic differentiation function. The capture probe cross-linked to either or both of two flanking probes through stem structures at the capture-probe/flanking-probe junctions. The flanking probes cross-linked to target DNA through two cross-linking sites each. Genomic DNA was extracted from 0.2 mL of whole blood and restriction-enzyme digested to create a defined 677 bp target sequence. Preliminary genotype ranges were determined for the assay by testing of pre-typed samples. We then tested 1054 clinical samples, using an automated sample processor. RESULTS: The new assay had a 10-fold increase in signal-to-background ratio. Genotype results for 1039 of 1054 clinical samples (98.6%) agreed with those of a PCR-based method. Of the 15 remaining samples, 10 produced an indeterminate result outside the defined genotype ranges, 2 yielded insufficient signal to be genotyped, and 3 gave a discordant result. All 15 samples were genotyped correctly after re-extraction of genomic DNA and retesting. CONCLUSION: The modified photo-cross-linking assay for @entity1 detection is a sensitive non-PCR-based assay with potential for use in high-throughput clinical laboratories.

title: Detection of the XXXX mutation by a modified photo-cross-linking oligonucleotide hybridization assay.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The expression of the @entity2 -binding protein calbindin-D(28k) was analyzed in @entity7 in relation to clinical features and other biologic markers related to cell proliferation, differentiation, @entity5 , and cerebellar developmental regulated gene expression. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry was carried out on histologic slides from a first retrospective series of 29 nonmetastatic and 10 metastatic @entity7 @entity4 -fixed, @entity6 -embedded tissues, using specific antibodies against calbindin-D(28k), calretinin, alpha-parvalbumin and beta-parvalbumin, and S100 proteins. Informed consent was obtained from the subjects and/or guardians. Other biologic markers for differentiation, cell proliferation, the expression of the @entity5 @entity1 suppressor gene protein, and cerebellar developmental regulated genes were similarly investigated. A second series of 16 @entity7 from young @entity0 (younger than 15 years) was added in order to validate the results obtained in the first series. RESULTS: Of all the markers investigated, only calbindin-D(28k) was significantly associated with prognosis. Survival and remission (i.e. recurrence free) time analysis performed on all the cases (n = 55) confirmed a high risk of @entity3 (P = 0.004) and recurrence (P = 0.003) associated with calbindin-positivity. As calbindin-positivity was predominantly observed in @entity1 from young @entity0 , the authors confirmed its prognostic value in the subgroup of @entity0 younger than 15 years (n = 37). Cox regression analysis showed a significant and independent prognostic value for calbindin expression and, to a lesser extent, the type of surgery (total or subtotal). Three risk groups were thus identified, distinguishing among the cases characterized by a total resection and calbindin-negativity (good prognosis), by a subtotal resection and calbindin-negativity (intermediary), and by calbindin-positivity (bad prognosis). CONCLUSIONS: The current study suggests that @entity7 represent a subclass of aggressive @entity1 more frequently seen in younger @entity0 .

title: Calbindin-d(28k): a marker of recurrence for XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Avoidance of activity is hypothesized to lead to @entity1 and consequently, to @entity3 . This study was undertaken to validate the avoidance model by providing evidence for the mediating role of @entity1 in the relationship between avoidance of activity and @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of the knee. METHODS: Data on avoidance of activity, observed @entity3 , and muscle strength of the knee in 107 @entity0 with knee @entity2 were analyzed. A series of regression analyses was performed to establish the mediating role of @entity1 . First, the effect of avoidance of activity on the level of disability was assessed. Next, the relationship between avoidance of activity and muscle strength was established. Finally, the mediating role of muscle strength could be established if the effect of avoidance of activity on disability decreased when muscle strength was taken into account. RESULTS: Initially, avoidance of activity accounted for 21.5% of variance in disability. Avoidance of activity also accounted for 3.9% of variance in muscle strength. After muscle strength was taken into account, the variance in disability accounted for by avoidance of activity was reduced from 21.5% to 15.7%. Thus, the criteria for establishing the mediating role of muscle strength were met. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide evidence for the mediating role of @entity1 in the relationship between avoidance of activity and disability in @entity0 with knee @entity2 .

title: Avoidance of activity and disability in @entity0 with XXXX of the knee: the mediating role of muscle strength.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Avoidance of activity is hypothesized to lead to @entity1 and consequently, to @entity3 . This study was undertaken to validate the avoidance model by providing evidence for the mediating role of @entity1 in the relationship between avoidance of activity and @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of the knee. METHODS: Data on avoidance of activity, observed @entity3 , and muscle strength of the knee in 107 @entity0 with knee @entity2 were analyzed. A series of regression analyses was performed to establish the mediating role of @entity1 . First, the effect of avoidance of activity on the level of disability was assessed. Next, the relationship between avoidance of activity and muscle strength was established. Finally, the mediating role of muscle strength could be established if the effect of avoidance of activity on disability decreased when muscle strength was taken into account. RESULTS: Initially, avoidance of activity accounted for 21.5% of variance in disability. Avoidance of activity also accounted for 3.9% of variance in muscle strength. After muscle strength was taken into account, the variance in disability accounted for by avoidance of activity was reduced from 21.5% to 15.7%. Thus, the criteria for establishing the mediating role of muscle strength were met. CONCLUSION: The results of this study provide evidence for the mediating role of @entity1 in the relationship between avoidance of activity and disability in @entity0 with knee @entity2 .

title: Avoidance of activity and disability in XXXX with @entity2 of the knee: the mediating role of muscle strength.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: An upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is often difficult to identify because clinical signs may be discrete or masked by severe simultaneous @entity1 . We compared the diagnostic sensitivity of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to cranial muscles and limb muscles in the detection of UMN lesions. DESIGN: We investigated corticobulbar and corticospinal tract function to the tongue/orofacial muscles and abductor digiti minimi/tibial anterior muscles with @entity4 in 51 @entity0 with @entity2 to compare the diagnostic yield in the detection of @entity3 . An UMN lesion was assumed when the following were found: the peripheral conduction time and amplitude of the M-wave were within the normal range, the response to cortical stimulation was absent, the @entity4 evoked/M-wave amplitude ratio was reduced, and the central motor conduction time or the interside difference was delayed (> mean+2.5 SD). RESULTS: On the basis of these criteria a UMN lesion to the orofacial muscles was identified in 24 @entity0 (47%), to the tongue in 27 (53%), and to the upper and lower limbs in 13 (25%) and 22 @entity0 (43%), respectively. Combined abnormalities from all sites increased the diagnostic yield to 39 @entity0 (76%). @entity4 of the limb muscles confirmed a UMN lesion in only 15 (54%) of the 28 @entity0 with clinically confirmed UMN involvement. This number increased to 23 @entity0 (82%) if tongue and orofacial muscles were taken into acount. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate the early and in most cases subclinical corticobulbar tract involvement of the central motor pathways to the orofacial muscles and tongue in @entity2 . @entity4 of the tongue and orofacial muscles had a higher sensitivity in identifying UMN lesions than that of the upper and lower limbs.

title: Sensitivity of XXXX of cortico-bulbar vs. cortico-spinal tract involvement in @entity2 ( @entity2 ).

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: An upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is often difficult to identify because clinical signs may be discrete or masked by severe simultaneous @entity1 . We compared the diagnostic sensitivity of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to cranial muscles and limb muscles in the detection of UMN lesions. DESIGN: We investigated corticobulbar and corticospinal tract function to the tongue/orofacial muscles and abductor digiti minimi/tibial anterior muscles with @entity4 in 51 @entity0 with @entity2 to compare the diagnostic yield in the detection of @entity3 . An UMN lesion was assumed when the following were found: the peripheral conduction time and amplitude of the M-wave were within the normal range, the response to cortical stimulation was absent, the @entity4 evoked/M-wave amplitude ratio was reduced, and the central motor conduction time or the interside difference was delayed (> mean+2.5 SD). RESULTS: On the basis of these criteria a UMN lesion to the orofacial muscles was identified in 24 @entity0 (47%), to the tongue in 27 (53%), and to the upper and lower limbs in 13 (25%) and 22 @entity0 (43%), respectively. Combined abnormalities from all sites increased the diagnostic yield to 39 @entity0 (76%). @entity4 of the limb muscles confirmed a UMN lesion in only 15 (54%) of the 28 @entity0 with clinically confirmed UMN involvement. This number increased to 23 @entity0 (82%) if tongue and orofacial muscles were taken into acount. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate the early and in most cases subclinical corticobulbar tract involvement of the central motor pathways to the orofacial muscles and tongue in @entity2 . @entity4 of the tongue and orofacial muscles had a higher sensitivity in identifying UMN lesions than that of the upper and lower limbs.

title: Sensitivity of @entity4 of cortico-bulbar vs. cortico-spinal tract involvement in XXXX ( @entity2 ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: An upper motor neuron (UMN) lesion in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is often difficult to identify because clinical signs may be discrete or masked by severe simultaneous @entity1 . We compared the diagnostic sensitivity of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to cranial muscles and limb muscles in the detection of UMN lesions. DESIGN: We investigated corticobulbar and corticospinal tract function to the tongue/orofacial muscles and abductor digiti minimi/tibial anterior muscles with @entity4 in 51 @entity0 with @entity2 to compare the diagnostic yield in the detection of @entity3 . An UMN lesion was assumed when the following were found: the peripheral conduction time and amplitude of the M-wave were within the normal range, the response to cortical stimulation was absent, the @entity4 evoked/M-wave amplitude ratio was reduced, and the central motor conduction time or the interside difference was delayed (> mean+2.5 SD). RESULTS: On the basis of these criteria a UMN lesion to the orofacial muscles was identified in 24 @entity0 (47%), to the tongue in 27 (53%), and to the upper and lower limbs in 13 (25%) and 22 @entity0 (43%), respectively. Combined abnormalities from all sites increased the diagnostic yield to 39 @entity0 (76%). @entity4 of the limb muscles confirmed a UMN lesion in only 15 (54%) of the 28 @entity0 with clinically confirmed UMN involvement. This number increased to 23 @entity0 (82%) if tongue and orofacial muscles were taken into acount. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate the early and in most cases subclinical corticobulbar tract involvement of the central motor pathways to the orofacial muscles and tongue in @entity2 . @entity4 of the tongue and orofacial muscles had a higher sensitivity in identifying UMN lesions than that of the upper and lower limbs.

title: Sensitivity of @entity4 of cortico-bulbar vs. cortico-spinal tract involvement in @entity2 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4 is a significant complication of radiotherapy for @entity1 . Our purpose is to report outcomes of urethroplasty for radiation-induced @entity5 . METHODS: Thirty-five @entity0 underwent urethroplasty for refractory radiation-induced @entity4 from January 2004 to November 2013. @entity0 had a minimum follow-up of 12  months with routine cystoscopy at 6 and 12  months. Primary outcome was urethral patency, and secondary outcomes were 90-day complications, de novo @entity2 , de novo @entity3 and bothersome LUTS. Outcomes were compared using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Of the 35 @entity0 , 20 and 15 had @entity4 related to external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy, respectively. Mean stricture length was 3.5  cm. Reconstruction was performed using anastomotic urethroplasty in 23 @entity0 (65.7  %), while 12 required tissue transfer as a buccal mucosa graft (20.0  %) or penile island flap (14.3  %). With 50.5  months of follow-up, thirty @entity0 (85.7  %) achieved cystoscopic patency with no significant difference between techniques (p  =  0.32). A 90-day complication rate of 31.4  % was observed (all Clavien 1-2) with no difference between techniques (p  =  1.00). Adverse change in continence occurred in 25.7  % of @entity0 (13.3  % in those without previous TURP). Postoperatively, persisting storage LUTS occurred in 40.0 and 30.4  % described adverse change in erectile function (exclusively in the anastomotic urethroplasty group). CONCLUSIONS: Reconstruction of radiation-induced @entity4 yields satisfying patency rates. However, radiation-induced @entity5 is not an isolated problem as many @entity0 suffer from storage symptoms, @entity3 or @entity2 as a consequence of treatment either before or after urethroplasty.

title: Observations and outcomes of urethroplasty for XXXX after radiation therapy for @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity4 is a significant complication of radiotherapy for @entity1 . Our purpose is to report outcomes of urethroplasty for radiation-induced @entity5 . METHODS: Thirty-five @entity0 underwent urethroplasty for refractory radiation-induced @entity4 from January 2004 to November 2013. @entity0 had a minimum follow-up of 12  months with routine cystoscopy at 6 and 12  months. Primary outcome was urethral patency, and secondary outcomes were 90-day complications, de novo @entity2 , de novo @entity3 and bothersome LUTS. Outcomes were compared using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: Of the 35 @entity0 , 20 and 15 had @entity4 related to external beam radiation therapy and brachytherapy, respectively. Mean stricture length was 3.5  cm. Reconstruction was performed using anastomotic urethroplasty in 23 @entity0 (65.7  %), while 12 required tissue transfer as a buccal mucosa graft (20.0  %) or penile island flap (14.3  %). With 50.5  months of follow-up, thirty @entity0 (85.7  %) achieved cystoscopic patency with no significant difference between techniques (p  =  0.32). A 90-day complication rate of 31.4  % was observed (all Clavien 1-2) with no difference between techniques (p  =  1.00). Adverse change in continence occurred in 25.7  % of @entity0 (13.3  % in those without previous TURP). Postoperatively, persisting storage LUTS occurred in 40.0 and 30.4  % described adverse change in erectile function (exclusively in the anastomotic urethroplasty group). CONCLUSIONS: Reconstruction of radiation-induced @entity4 yields satisfying patency rates. However, radiation-induced @entity5 is not an isolated problem as many @entity0 suffer from storage symptoms, @entity3 or @entity2 as a consequence of treatment either before or after urethroplasty.

title: Observations and outcomes of urethroplasty for @entity4 after radiation therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Meniscectomy in the older @entity0 remains a controversial topic. The aim of our study is to assess the mid-term outcome of arthroscopic partial medial meniscectomy in @entity0 over fifty years of age and attempt to retrospectively identify symptoms and/or findings on examination which can differentiate between non-degenerative medial @entity2 versus @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-two @entity0 over the age of fifty who had undergone arthroscopic medial partial meniscectomy, were reviewed. The average age was 60 (51-74 yrs) and the average follow-up was six years (3-7 yrs). Based upon the intra-operative findings, @entity0 were divided into two groups: (1) @entity1 ( @entity1 ; n = 12) and (2) @entity1 ( @entity1 ; n = 20). Our outcome measurements were with the @entity3 knee score, a satisfaction score, and weight-bearing X-rays. RESULTS: In the @entity1 group, eleven @entity0 were rated excellent or good, and one was rated poor. In the @entity1 group, three @entity0 were rated as excellent or good, eight as fair, and nine as poor. The @entity3 score was 97 +/- 4.6 for the @entity1 group and 85 +/- 9.5 for the @entity1 group. The average satisfaction score was 9.2 +/- 0.7 (very satisfied) for the @entity1 group and 5.8 +/- 2.6 (fairly satisfied) for the @entity1 group. There was no significant difference between the @entity1 and the @entity1 groups with regards to pre-operative symptoms and signs, except for the McMurray sign, which was found to be positive in 83% of @entity1 cases versus 25% of @entity1 cases (sensitivity = 83%). Using only these data, the McMurray sign was 67% specific for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Arthroscopic medial meniscectomy in older @entity0 provides 90% good results six years after a non-degenerative @entity2 , but only 20% of good results after a degenerative @entity2 . However, based on this study, neither symptoms nor physical examination are able to differentiate between traumatic @entity2 and @entity1 in older @entity0 . A positive McMurray's sign favors the diagnosis of a traumatic tear. However, a specificity of this test of only 67% as shown in our data questions its utility in clinical decision-making.

title: Medial meniscectomy in XXXX over the age of fifty: a six year follow-up study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of induced @entity2 anesthesia on length of hospital stay (LOS) for  @entity0 undergoing maxillary Le @entity1 in isolation or in combination with mandibular orthognathic surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study design was implemented and @entity0 undergoing a Le @entity1 as a component of orthognathic surgery at the Mayo Clinic from 2010 through 2014 were identified. The primary predictor variable was the presence of induced @entity2 anesthesia during orthognathic surgery. @entity2 anesthesia was defined as at least 10 consecutive minutes of a mean arterial pressure no higher than 60  mmHg documented within the anesthetic record. The primary outcome variable was LOS in hours after completion of orthognathic surgery. The secondary outcome variable was the duration of surgery in hours. Multiple covariates also abstracted included @entity0 age, @entity0 gender, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, complexity of surgical procedure, and volume of intraoperative fluids administered during surgery. Univariable and multivariable models were developed to evaluate associations between the primary predictor variable and covariates relative to the primary and secondary outcome variables. RESULTS: A total of 117 @entity0 were identified undergoing Le Fort I orthognathic surgery in isolation or in combination with mandibular surgery. Induced @entity2 anesthesia was significantly associated with shortened LOS (odds ratio [OR]  = 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.12-0.88; P  = .026) relative to @entity0 with normotensive regimens. This association between @entity2 anesthesia and LOS remained statistically significant in a subgroup analysis of 47 @entity0 in whom isolated Le Fort I surgery was performed (OR  = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.03-0.62; P  = .010). Induced @entity2 anesthesia was not statistically associated with shorter duration of surgery. CONCLUSION: Induced @entity2 anesthesia represents a potential factor that minimizes postoperative LOS for @entity0 undergoing routine maxillary orthognathic surgery alone or in combination with mandibular procedures. @entity2 anesthesia does not appear to be effective in minimizing the duration of surgery within this same @entity0 population.

title: XXXX Anesthesia Is Associated With Shortened Length of Hospital Stay Following Orthognathic Surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a rare @entity2 and well-established treatment protocols for it are in short supply. The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of treatment modalities and explore the prognostic factors. @entity0 AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review was performed on 48 @entity0 with primary @entity3 treated in the authors' hospital from January 1992 to November 2013. The clinical characteristics and treatment modalities were identified and correlated with the outcomes. RESULTS: The 5-year @entity4 ( @entity4 ) rate was 56.1%, and the rate of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) @entity1 was 46% (22 of 48). A @entity2 of at least 4  cm  (P  = .001), nodular types (P  = .003), and @entity5 (P < .0001) were independent prognostic factors for @entity4 . Twenty-five @entity0 died during follow-up, mainly from to neck recurrence (14 of 25). Chemotherapy significantly improved the 5-year @entity4 rate in @entity0 with stage IV @entity3 (P  = .03), but not in those with stage III (P  = .8). CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 has a lower @entity5 and distant @entity1 rate and a better prognosis than other @entity6 . A long history of melanin pigmentation is a dangerous sign for all @entity0 , and smoking seems to be associated with @entity3 in male @entity0 . @entity2 size (>= 4  cm), nodular type, and @entity5 positivity are poor prognostic factors. A wide excision with close observation is advocated as the primary treatment for stage III @entity3 . Adjuvant chemotherapy is useful for @entity0 with stage IV @entity2 , but not for those with stage III.

title: Primary XXXX of the Lip: A Report of 48 Cases.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Because @entity8 ( @entity8 , Camptosar) is a topoisomerase I inhibitor with a broad spectrum of antitumor clinical activity, we investigated its activity in relapsed or @entity6 (NHLs). Irinotecan at 300 mg/m2 i.v. was administered every 21 days with intensive @entity9 management of @entity4 . Responders received up to six treatment cycles. Of 44 registered @entity0 , 32 are evaluable for response. Seventeen @entity0 had received one previous regimen, and 15 @entity0 had received two. Disease was refractory to the regimen preceding irinotecan in 12 @entity0 . At baseline, serum @entity5 dehydrogenase levels were high in 47% (14/30), and @entity7 levels were higher than 3.0 mg/L in 29% (8/28) of @entity0 . Responses were seen in 12 of 32 (38%) @entity0 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 21%-56%). Response rates were 43% for seven indolent (95% CI = 10%-82%), 0% for three mantle cell (95% CI = 0%-71%), 44% for 18 relapsed @entity2 (95% CI = 22%-69%), and 20% for five @entity6 (95% CI = 1%-72%). Grade 3/4 @entity1 included myelosuppression, @entity3 , and @entity4 . Irinotecan appears active and relatively well tolerated in @entity0 with relapsed @entity2 or indolent @entity6 . Accrual to this study is continuing for better determination of response rates in all histologic subtypes of @entity6 .

title: Irinotecan in relapsed or XXXX . Indications of activity in a phase II trial.

answer: @entity6


abstract: To understand the molecular mechanism which controls the transcription of the insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) gene, we have cloned and sequenced the cDNA for the proximal promoter region of the tilapia IGFs gene and have characterized its activity by @entity2 acetyltransferase (CAT) transient transfected expression assays. Tilapia ( @entity4 ) @entity5 cDNA (549 bp) was amplified by PCR from single-stranded cDNA of growth hormone (GH)-induced liver RNA using a pair of oligonucleotides specific for fish @entity5 as amplification primers. Tilapia @entity5 and @entity6 5' termini were analyzed by rapid amplification of cDNA 5' ends (5'RACE). Analysis of the 5'RACE results revealed two transcription start sites in @entity5 and one transcription start site in @entity6 . Different fragments of the 5' flanking region were transfected into @entity0 @entity1 cells. In the cell line, maximum promoter activity was located in the distal 657 basepairs of the @entity5 5' flanking region and in the distal 450 basepairs of the @entity6 5' flanking region. The in vivo actions of the IGFs promoter on developmental stage expression were investigated further in transgenic @entity3 in which an IGFs promoter-driven green fluorescent protein (GFP) encoding the cDNA transgene was microinjected into embryos. Morphologic and RT-PCR studies of the transgenic @entity3 indicated that @entity5 promoter-driven GFP transcripts appeared for the first time in the 1-K-cell stage and the @entity6 promoter-driven GFP transcripts appeared for the first time in the 32-cell stage. Fluorescent (GFP) distribution was apparent within 48 h in @entity6 -transgenic @entity3 embryos, especially in eye, muscle, corpuscle, floor plate, horizontal myoseptum, yolk sac extension, and yolk sac. These results indicate that the @entity5 and @entity6 promoters are active in tissue and in a development-specific manner. Our findings also indicate that the @entity6 promoter influences the growth of fish embryos earlier than does @entity5 , and @entity6 has higher levels of expression than does @entity5 . These results suggest that the @entity6 promoter plays a growth factor role in teleost embryo development.

title: Isolation and characterization of tilapia ( XXXX ) insulin-like growth factors gene and proximal promoter region.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Intrapulmonary thyroid tissue with no malignant history of the thyroid gland is extremely rare. Usually, it is interpreted as @entity5 . Here we describe a case of bilateral pulmonary thyroid nodules with a history of multinodular @entity4 . HISTORY: A 37-year-old female had recurrent multinodular @entity4 and showed bilateral pulmonary nodules on CT scan. Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) was performed for the largest nodule biopsy. Pathological and molecular examinations were done after biopsy, and both were shown the characters of benign thyroid tissues. To eliminate the possibility of @entity2 metastases, total thyroidectomy with modified radical neck dissection was performed, and there were no malignant pathological findings. After surgery, this @entity0 accepted adjuvant radiometabolic treatment for ablation of the remaining intrapulmonary nodules. Her thyroglobulin level decreased to an undetectable level, and she has currently survived for 24  months after surgery. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: In this case, @entity5 and metastasizing @entity2 should both be considered, but the metastatic pattern and benign pathological characters were inconsistent with any of the corresponding diagnosis. Ultimately, this @entity0 accepted postoperative treatment of @entity2 @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: This is a rare @entity3 with malignant behavior but no pathological evidence. Careful diagnosis and postoprative follow-up should be carried out whenever such nodules are encountered in clinical practice. VIRTUAL SLIDES: The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1255194331453728 .

title: Multiple thyroid nodules in the lung: XXXX or ectopia?

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conflicting data were reported about normalization of sizes of right chambers, systolic and diastolic function and prevalence of @entity2 after ostium secundum @entity1 closure. We sought to compare surgical and percutaneous approaches in terms of @entity2 , right chamber volumes, and function at long-term follow-up. METHODS: In all, 107 @entity0 were enrolled, all corrected at pediatric age. Forty-four of them were treated surgically with a right thoracotomy approach and 63 were treated percutaneously. All @entity0 underwent a standard echocardiogram and electrocardiographic Holter examinations. RESULTS: No difference was detected between the two groups regarding right atrial or ventricular volumes. The global right ventricular function assessed by fractional area change was similar between the two groups. However, the longitudinal function and the diastolic function were significantly impaired in the surgical group (tricuspid annulus peak systolic excursion 23.7    4.5 mm versus 18.7    3.5 mm, p < 0.001; S' wave 13.7    3.1 cm/s versus 9.8    2.4 cm/s, p < 0.001; E/E' 4.7    1.7 versus 7.1    2.9, p < 0.001). There was a low incidence of supraventricular couples or runs, but slightly higher in the surgical group (6.8% versus 1.6%), although not statistically significant. No echocardiographic variable related to ventricular or supraventricular arrhythmic events. CONCLUSIONS: Either surgical or percutaneous closure of @entity1 have a similar efficacy on the volume normalization of the right chamber. Modern surgical techniques have a limited impact on the systolic and diastolic function as well as on the arrhythmic risk; however, the right ventricular longitudinal and diastolic function seems to be better preserved in the percutaneous group.

title: Late Electrical and Mechanical Remodeling After XXXX Closure in @entity0 : Surgical Versus Percutaneous Approach.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Conflicting data were reported about normalization of sizes of right chambers, systolic and diastolic function and prevalence of @entity2 after ostium secundum @entity1 closure. We sought to compare surgical and percutaneous approaches in terms of @entity2 , right chamber volumes, and function at long-term follow-up. METHODS: In all, 107 @entity0 were enrolled, all corrected at pediatric age. Forty-four of them were treated surgically with a right thoracotomy approach and 63 were treated percutaneously. All @entity0 underwent a standard echocardiogram and electrocardiographic Holter examinations. RESULTS: No difference was detected between the two groups regarding right atrial or ventricular volumes. The global right ventricular function assessed by fractional area change was similar between the two groups. However, the longitudinal function and the diastolic function were significantly impaired in the surgical group (tricuspid annulus peak systolic excursion 23.7    4.5 mm versus 18.7    3.5 mm, p < 0.001; S' wave 13.7    3.1 cm/s versus 9.8    2.4 cm/s, p < 0.001; E/E' 4.7    1.7 versus 7.1    2.9, p < 0.001). There was a low incidence of supraventricular couples or runs, but slightly higher in the surgical group (6.8% versus 1.6%), although not statistically significant. No echocardiographic variable related to ventricular or supraventricular arrhythmic events. CONCLUSIONS: Either surgical or percutaneous closure of @entity1 have a similar efficacy on the volume normalization of the right chamber. Modern surgical techniques have a limited impact on the systolic and diastolic function as well as on the arrhythmic risk; however, the right ventricular longitudinal and diastolic function seems to be better preserved in the percutaneous group.

title: Late Electrical and Mechanical Remodeling After @entity1 Closure in XXXX : Surgical Versus Percutaneous Approach.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity5 are chemically simple compounds that have been used mainly for the treatment of @entity9 and for hypercalcaemia. They have had relatively limited use in @entity0 . Their action is principally to interfere with the activity of osteoclasts by causing apoptosis. Their use in @entity0 has been for problems of soft tissue calcification (e.g. idiopathic @entity6 , @entity11 ossificans progressiva and @entity12 ), hypercalcaemia (e.g. caused by @entity1 , immobilisation or @entity8 ), generalised @entity2 (e.g. @entity13 , @entity14 and @entity3 -induced @entity4 ) and localised @entity2 (e.g. @entity7 and @entity10 ). In general they cause few short-term side effects although the long-term side effects have yet to be determined, but are probably relatively unimportant. The @entity5 are likely to prove a useful addition to the armamentarium of treatment modalities for @entity2 in @entity0 .

title: Use of XXXX in @entity0 and adolescents.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The @entity5 are chemically simple compounds that have been used mainly for the treatment of @entity9 and for hypercalcaemia. They have had relatively limited use in @entity0 . Their action is principally to interfere with the activity of osteoclasts by causing apoptosis. Their use in @entity0 has been for problems of soft tissue calcification (e.g. idiopathic @entity6 , @entity11 ossificans progressiva and @entity12 ), hypercalcaemia (e.g. caused by @entity1 , immobilisation or @entity8 ), generalised @entity2 (e.g. @entity13 , @entity14 and @entity3 -induced @entity4 ) and localised @entity2 (e.g. @entity7 and @entity10 ). In general they cause few short-term side effects although the long-term side effects have yet to be determined, but are probably relatively unimportant. The @entity5 are likely to prove a useful addition to the armamentarium of treatment modalities for @entity2 in @entity0 .

title: Use of @entity5 in XXXX and adolescents.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The development of minimally invasive cardiac surgery has shown good clinical results with shorter recovery time and better cosmetic results. The introduction of the robotic systems can further reduce the surgical @entity2 and improve the surgical dexterity. We report seven cases of complete closed chest @entity1 closure using the "da Vinci" Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Mountain View, CA). METHODS: Following peripheral cannulation for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), @entity3 and cardioplegia delivery, five @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and two @entity0 with patent forame ovale (PFO) with @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were successfully treated using the robotic system. Two robotic arms and an endoscopic camera were inserted through ports in the right hemithorax and an accessory port was placed for blood suction and ancillary instruments insertion. The defect closure was carried out with interrupted stitches in one @entity0 and with a continuous suture in the others. RESULTS: Mean cardiopulmonary bypass and cross clamp time were 101.8 +/- 39.6 and 63.4 +/- 21.9 minutes respectively. Extubation was carried out within the seventh postoperative hour. All @entity0 returned to normal lifestyle in one week. CONCLUSION: Complete closed chest @entity1 closure can be carried out using robotic technique with rapid postoperative recovery and excellent cosmetic result.

title: Totally endoscopic XXXX closure with a robotic system: experience with seven cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Prognosis of recurrent @entity2 remains poor, mainly because of the difficulties of achieving a satisfactory local control. Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) allows for the delivery of a complementary single dose to the @entity2 residues or to the @entity2 bed and could be useful jn a multimodal treatment. In an attempt to evaluate this interest, a retrospective analysis of @entity0 treated with IORT in six French hospitals has been performed. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Data have been collected in 73 @entity0 (41 @entity0 ), with a mean age of 62 years, treated with IORT. @entity2 were large (mean diameter: 45 mm), partially or totally fixed to the contiguous structures in 39%, and with nodal involvement in 50% of the cases. Initial surgery had been a sphincter-sparing surgery in 67%; external radiation therapy had been delivered in 52%, and a chemotherapy had been given in 10% of the @entity0 . Recurrences were isolated (without @entity1 ) in 86%, and were posterior or posterolateral in 55% of the cases. Surgery allowed for a complete macroscopical resection in 57%, a partial resection with gross residual disease in 29%, and no resection in 14% of the recurrences. Intraoperative radiation therapy was delivered in a dose of 10 to 25 Gy (mean 18.5) through localizators of a mean diameter of 75 mm (60 to 110). External radiation therapy, either preoperative or postoperatively was given to 30 @entity0 without prior radiation therapy. Ten @entity0 received additional chemotherapy with @entity4 . RESULTS: Four postoperative @entity3 occurred. Postoperative morbidity occurred in 16 @entity0 and some complications were probably related to the IORT procedure. Four long-term complications were observed. Overall actuarial survival occurred in 72.4% of the @entity0 at 1 year, in 44.6% at 2 years, and in 30.6% at 3 years. Twenty-one local failures have been observed. Actuarial local control occurred in 71.3% of the @entity0 at 1 year, 47.7% at 2 years, and 31.3% at 3 years. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative radiation therapy is a complementary treatment for recurrences of @entity2 . It provides encouraging results, particularly in some selected situations, when @entity0 have not previously been treated with external radiation therapy. Further studies of multimodal treatments are necessary.

title: Recurrences of XXXX : results of a multimodal approach with intraoperative radiation therapy. French Group of IORT. Intraoperative Radiation Therapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: IL-12p70, a 70- to 75-kDa heterodimer consisting of @entity4 -bonded 35-kDa ( @entity5 ) and 40-kDa ( @entity6 ) subunits, enhances @entity2 development primarily by its ability to induce @entity1 production by NK and @entity2 cells. Although homodimers of the @entity6 subunit of IL-12 are potent IL-12 receptor antagonists in some systems, we have reported that @entity6 homodimer may accentuate alloreactive CD8+ @entity2 function. To test the role of endogenously produced @entity6 in alloimmunity, @entity2 development was assessed in either @entity5 knockout ( @entity5 -/-) @entity0 , the cells of which are capable of secreting @entity6 , or @entity6 knockout ( @entity6 -/-) @entity0 . Compared with IL-12 wild-type controls, splenocytes obtained from both @entity5 -/- and @entity6 -/- @entity0 produced markedly less @entity1 after in vitro stimulation with Con A or alloantigens. Interestingly, in vivo-sensitized @entity2 were detected in both @entity5 -/- and @entity6 -/- cardiac allograft recipients. However, in vivo @entity2 development was enhanced in @entity5 -/- recipients compared with @entity6 -/- animals, suggesting that endogenous @entity6 produced in @entity5 -/- @entity0 may stimulate alloreactive @entity2 . Indeed, neutralizing endogenous @entity6 with anti- @entity6 mAb reduced @entity2 development in @entity5 -/- allograft recipients to that seen in @entity6 -/- @entity0 . To determine whether @entity2 development that occurred in the absence of IL-12p70 and @entity6 required @entity1 , @entity6 -/- allograft recipients were treated with anti- @entity1 mAb. Neutralizing @entity1 did not inhibit in vivo @entity2 development in @entity6 -/- recipients and resulted in a unique pathology of rejection characterized by vascular @entity3 . Collectively, these data suggest that 1) endogenous @entity6 may substitute for IL-12p70 in alloantigen-specific @entity2 sensitization in vivo and 2) in vivo alloreactive @entity2 development may occur independent of IL-12 and @entity1 , suggesting an alternate @entity2 -sensitizing pathway.

title: Alloantigen-reactive XXXX development in IL-12-deficient @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: IL-12p70, a 70- to 75-kDa heterodimer consisting of @entity4 -bonded 35-kDa ( @entity5 ) and 40-kDa ( @entity6 ) subunits, enhances @entity2 development primarily by its ability to induce @entity1 production by NK and @entity2 cells. Although homodimers of the @entity6 subunit of IL-12 are potent IL-12 receptor antagonists in some systems, we have reported that @entity6 homodimer may accentuate alloreactive CD8+ @entity2 function. To test the role of endogenously produced @entity6 in alloimmunity, @entity2 development was assessed in either @entity5 knockout ( @entity5 -/-) @entity0 , the cells of which are capable of secreting @entity6 , or @entity6 knockout ( @entity6 -/-) @entity0 . Compared with IL-12 wild-type controls, splenocytes obtained from both @entity5 -/- and @entity6 -/- @entity0 produced markedly less @entity1 after in vitro stimulation with Con A or alloantigens. Interestingly, in vivo-sensitized @entity2 were detected in both @entity5 -/- and @entity6 -/- cardiac allograft recipients. However, in vivo @entity2 development was enhanced in @entity5 -/- recipients compared with @entity6 -/- animals, suggesting that endogenous @entity6 produced in @entity5 -/- @entity0 may stimulate alloreactive @entity2 . Indeed, neutralizing endogenous @entity6 with anti- @entity6 mAb reduced @entity2 development in @entity5 -/- allograft recipients to that seen in @entity6 -/- @entity0 . To determine whether @entity2 development that occurred in the absence of IL-12p70 and @entity6 required @entity1 , @entity6 -/- allograft recipients were treated with anti- @entity1 mAb. Neutralizing @entity1 did not inhibit in vivo @entity2 development in @entity6 -/- recipients and resulted in a unique pathology of rejection characterized by vascular @entity3 . Collectively, these data suggest that 1) endogenous @entity6 may substitute for IL-12p70 in alloantigen-specific @entity2 sensitization in vivo and 2) in vivo alloreactive @entity2 development may occur independent of IL-12 and @entity1 , suggesting an alternate @entity2 -sensitizing pathway.

title: Alloantigen-reactive @entity2 development in IL-12-deficient XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 is characterized by cutis @entity3 or @entity2 skin at the temples, which is said to resemble forceps marks. There may also be a coarse facial appearance, @entity4 , and periorbital puffiness. The mouth has a typical appearance with large lips, inverted "V" contour, and downturned overly defined corners. @entity0 usually have normal intelligence. Here are presented three cases with features of @entity5 . One is an apparently isolated case; the others are father and son. All three have @entity1 . This second family is a further example of autosomal dominant inheritance in @entity5 . These @entity0 also suggest that developmental problems may be a more common manifestation than previously described. Two of the @entity0 are the first described of Pacific Island descent.

title: XXXX : three new cases and a review of the literature.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the safety and efficacy of sonographically guided percutaneous injection of 1% @entity9 for @entity6 of @entity3 . METHODS: @entity0 with @entity5 of soft tissues were invited to enroll in the study. Gray-scale and color Doppler sonography were performed to determine the texture, margins, and size of the lesions and to determine whether high-velocity blood flow was present. Using real-time sonographic guidance, lesions were punctured with a 20/21-gauge spinal needle. When possible, venous return was occluded before injection. For each injection, 1-6 ml of 1% @entity9 was injected into 1 or more sites within the lesion. The sclerosing agent was not aspirated after injection. Repeat radiography was performed 1 month after each injection session. The procedure was repeated if the @entity0 did not have a complete response, defined as an 80% or greater decrease in the volume of the lesion or resolution of the presenting symptoms. RESULTS: Of the 15 @entity0 enrolled, 9 had @entity4 , 3 had @entity7 , 1 had a recurrent @entity1 , 1 had a @entity4 , and 1 had an @entity8 of the pinna. Each @entity0 received 1-20 injections of 1% @entity9 (mean +/- standard deviation, 3.3 +/- 4.8 injections). This treatment resulted in a complete response of 7 @entity4 , 3 @entity7 , and the @entity8 and partial response of 2 @entity4 , the recurrent @entity1 . Only minor complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided percutaneous injection of 1% @entity9 for @entity6 of peripheral @entity2 is simple, effective, and safe. This technique is especially effective in cases of soft tissue @entity4 and @entity7 .

title: Sonographically guided percutaneous @entity6 using 1% XXXX in the treatment of @entity5 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the safety and efficacy of sonographically guided percutaneous injection of 1% @entity9 for @entity6 of @entity3 . METHODS: @entity0 with @entity5 of soft tissues were invited to enroll in the study. Gray-scale and color Doppler sonography were performed to determine the texture, margins, and size of the lesions and to determine whether high-velocity blood flow was present. Using real-time sonographic guidance, lesions were punctured with a 20/21-gauge spinal needle. When possible, venous return was occluded before injection. For each injection, 1-6 ml of 1% @entity9 was injected into 1 or more sites within the lesion. The sclerosing agent was not aspirated after injection. Repeat radiography was performed 1 month after each injection session. The procedure was repeated if the @entity0 did not have a complete response, defined as an 80% or greater decrease in the volume of the lesion or resolution of the presenting symptoms. RESULTS: Of the 15 @entity0 enrolled, 9 had @entity4 , 3 had @entity7 , 1 had a recurrent @entity1 , 1 had a @entity4 , and 1 had an @entity8 of the pinna. Each @entity0 received 1-20 injections of 1% @entity9 (mean +/- standard deviation, 3.3 +/- 4.8 injections). This treatment resulted in a complete response of 7 @entity4 , 3 @entity7 , and the @entity8 and partial response of 2 @entity4 , the recurrent @entity1 . Only minor complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided percutaneous injection of 1% @entity9 for @entity6 of peripheral @entity2 is simple, effective, and safe. This technique is especially effective in cases of soft tissue @entity4 and @entity7 .

title: Sonographically guided percutaneous @entity6 using 1% @entity9 in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this prospective study was to assess the safety and efficacy of sonographically guided percutaneous injection of 1% @entity9 for @entity6 of @entity3 . METHODS: @entity0 with @entity5 of soft tissues were invited to enroll in the study. Gray-scale and color Doppler sonography were performed to determine the texture, margins, and size of the lesions and to determine whether high-velocity blood flow was present. Using real-time sonographic guidance, lesions were punctured with a 20/21-gauge spinal needle. When possible, venous return was occluded before injection. For each injection, 1-6 ml of 1% @entity9 was injected into 1 or more sites within the lesion. The sclerosing agent was not aspirated after injection. Repeat radiography was performed 1 month after each injection session. The procedure was repeated if the @entity0 did not have a complete response, defined as an 80% or greater decrease in the volume of the lesion or resolution of the presenting symptoms. RESULTS: Of the 15 @entity0 enrolled, 9 had @entity4 , 3 had @entity7 , 1 had a recurrent @entity1 , 1 had a @entity4 , and 1 had an @entity8 of the pinna. Each @entity0 received 1-20 injections of 1% @entity9 (mean +/- standard deviation, 3.3 +/- 4.8 injections). This treatment resulted in a complete response of 7 @entity4 , 3 @entity7 , and the @entity8 and partial response of 2 @entity4 , the recurrent @entity1 . Only minor complications occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Sonographically guided percutaneous injection of 1% @entity9 for @entity6 of peripheral @entity2 is simple, effective, and safe. This technique is especially effective in cases of soft tissue @entity4 and @entity7 .

title: Sonographically guided percutaneous XXXX using 1% @entity9 in the treatment of @entity5 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: We evaluated a new, qualitative immunoassay for @entity2 in urine using CEDIA technology on the Hitachi 747 and compared its performance to an immunoassay using EMIT II methodology on the same instrument. A total of 500 urine samples received for routine drug screen analysis were prospectively examined for @entity2 by both methods. Samples producing positive results by either immunoassay method were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC- @entity1 ). Available medical records were reviewed for @entity0 whose samples produced discrepant immunoassay results or that were positive in both immunoassays but negative by GC- @entity1 . Samples that produced negative results in both immunoassays were not subjected to GC- @entity1 analysis. Therefore, identification of an immunoassay result as a false negative only occurred when the sample produced a positive value in only one of the two immunoassays and was confirmed as positive by either GC- @entity1 or medical record review. Following initial immunoassay screening and confirmation by GC- @entity1 , a medical record review and reanalysis of GC- @entity1 data was performed. After this in-depth analysis of the data, the CEDIA method produced 60 true-positives, 7 false positives and no false negatives. The EMIT II method produced 47 true positives, 1 fase positive and 13 false negatives. These differences appear to be due to the CEDIA assay being more sensitive for detection of @entity3 .

title: Comparison between the CEDIA and EMIT II immunoassays for the determination of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: Although studies have examined the impact of changes made in @entity4 on the estimated prevalence of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) diagnoses, there is limited evidence concerning the reliability of @entity4 SUDs. We evaluated the inter-observer reliability of four @entity4 SUDs in a sample in which we had previously evaluated the reliability of DSM-IV diagnoses, allowing us to compare the two systems. METHODS: Two different interviewers each assessed 173 subjects over a 2-week period using the Semi-Structured Assessment for @entity2 (SSADDA). Using the percent agreement and kappa (k) coefficient, we examined the reliability of @entity4 lifetime @entity1 , opioid, @entity3 , and @entity5 use disorders, which we compared to that of SSADDA-derived DSM-IV @entity2 diagnoses. We also assessed the effect of additional lifetime @entity2 and lifetime mood or @entity0 diagnoses on the reliability of the @entity4 @entity2 diagnoses. RESULTS: Reliability was good to excellent for the four disorders, with k values ranging from 0.65 to 0.94. Agreement was consistently lower for SUDs of mild severity than for moderate or severe disorders. @entity4 @entity2 diagnoses showed greater reliability than DSM-IV diagnoses of abuse or @entity2 or @entity2 only. Co-occurring @entity2 and lifetime mood or @entity0 exerted a modest effect on the reliability of the @entity4 @entity2 diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity1 , opioid, @entity3 and @entity5 use disorders, @entity4 criteria and diagnoses are at least as reliable as those of DSM-IV.

title: Inter-observer reliability of XXXX substance use disorders.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Persistent @entity7 is the most common cause of recurrent @entity9 in infancy because of inappropriate oversecretion of insulin by the pancreas. @entity4 can be either focal or diffuse, and they have distinct molecular bases. We have studied the facial features in 17 unrelated @entity0 presenting with neonatal (n = 8) or infancy-onset (n = 9) @entity7 . @entity7 was related to focal @entity5 (n = 7), diffuse @entity7 (n = 5), non-operated @entity7 (n = 2), and @entity7 with @entity8 (n = 3). @entity11 or @entity12 mutations were found in six of seven focal @entity5 and three of five diffuse @entity7 . A loss of the maternal allele from chromosome 11p15 in the lesion was found in all focal @entity5 . @entity13 mutations were found in all @entity0 with @entity8 . Large birth weight (mean > 3,800 g) was consistently observed (11/17) but protruding tongue, exomphalos, or visceromegaly were never noted and @entity10 could always be ruled out. All @entity0 presented with high forehead, small nasal tip, and short columella giving the impression that the nose is large and bulbous, smooth philtrum, and thin upper lip. A square appearance to the face was more obvious in younger @entity0 . These specific facial features, observed in @entity0 with @entity7 of various molecular mechanisms, could be the consequence of fetal intoxication by insulin. However, to date, @entity2 have not been noted in @entity0 of @entity1 mothers and inversely, @entity3 that are commonly reported in @entity0 of @entity1 mothers were not present in our @entity6 @entity0 .

title: Facial appearance in persistent @entity6 XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Persistent @entity7 is the most common cause of recurrent @entity9 in infancy because of inappropriate oversecretion of insulin by the pancreas. @entity4 can be either focal or diffuse, and they have distinct molecular bases. We have studied the facial features in 17 unrelated @entity0 presenting with neonatal (n = 8) or infancy-onset (n = 9) @entity7 . @entity7 was related to focal @entity5 (n = 7), diffuse @entity7 (n = 5), non-operated @entity7 (n = 2), and @entity7 with @entity8 (n = 3). @entity11 or @entity12 mutations were found in six of seven focal @entity5 and three of five diffuse @entity7 . A loss of the maternal allele from chromosome 11p15 in the lesion was found in all focal @entity5 . @entity13 mutations were found in all @entity0 with @entity8 . Large birth weight (mean > 3,800 g) was consistently observed (11/17) but protruding tongue, exomphalos, or visceromegaly were never noted and @entity10 could always be ruled out. All @entity0 presented with high forehead, small nasal tip, and short columella giving the impression that the nose is large and bulbous, smooth philtrum, and thin upper lip. A square appearance to the face was more obvious in younger @entity0 . These specific facial features, observed in @entity0 with @entity7 of various molecular mechanisms, could be the consequence of fetal intoxication by insulin. However, to date, @entity2 have not been noted in @entity0 of @entity1 mothers and inversely, @entity3 that are commonly reported in @entity0 of @entity1 mothers were not present in our @entity6 @entity0 .

title: Facial appearance in persistent XXXX @entity9 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to measure the economic value of cholinesterase inhibitors when used to treat @entity1 using the willingness-to-pay (WTP) approach and the framework of cost-benefit analysis. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN: A cost-benefit analysis using the WTP approach was employed. The study sample consisted of 28 nonprofessional caregivers of outpatients with mild to moderate @entity2 from Toronto, ON, Canada. The caregivers were presented with four scenarios. In the first scenario, scenario A, a hypothetical @entity0 with mild @entity2 was stabilised with a cholinesterase inhibitor. In the second scenario, scenario A with adverse effects, the above @entity0 (A) experienced adverse effects caused by the drug. In the third scenario, scenario B, the @entity0 exhibited behavioural symptoms in addition to mild @entity2 , and both were stabilised with the drug. In the fourth scenario, scenario B with adverse effects, the above @entity0 (B) experienced adverse effects caused by the drug. The caregivers were then asked what amount they would pay, in Canadian dollars, each year to buy the medication, assuming that they were the caregivers of the @entity0 described. A multivariate regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the demographic data (including the caregiver's yearly income) and the WTP. The average WTP was also predicted for the general population and the elderly population of Canada using data from Statistics Canada, and these values were compared with the cost of the medication. STUDY PERSPECTIVE: Nonprofessional caregiver perspective. All monetary values are 1999 values unless otherwise specified. RESULTS: The mean yearly WTP was  Can4540 (95% CI 2334-6746) for scenario A,  Can3686 (95% CI 1530-5842) for scenario A with adverse effects,  Can5003 (95% CI 2661-7345) for scenario B and  Can4486 (95% CI 2222-6750) for scenario B with adverse effects. The WTP decreased when drug adverse effects were present (significantly in scenario A; p = 0.04), but did not significantly increase when behavioural symptoms were present and stabilised. In all scenarios, caregiver yearly income was the only significant predictor of WTP, in the direction expected. For all scenarios, the calculated WTPs from the regression analysis using our sample mean, the average Canadian population data and the elderly population data were all higher than the yearly cost of the cholinesterase inhibitors, with the net benefit ranging from  Can1723 to  Can4508. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study, from a small sample of nonprofessional caregivers, revealed that the caregivers are willing to pay more for cholinesterase inhibitors than the drugs cost, even when the adverse effects of the drugs are taken into consideration. This indicates a net benefit for cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of mild to moderate @entity2 from a consumer's point of view.

title: The cost-benefit of cholinesterase inhibitors in mild to moderate XXXX : a willingness-to-pay approach.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have a high prevalence of @entity4 , the most frequently described locations being the cerebral and pulmonary vessels. The reported prevalence of both @entity3 and @entity4 has been highly variable. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of both @entity6 in @entity2 according to medical history and imaging. In addition, the role of known @entity7 and @entity5 as risk factors was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: A cross-sectional descriptive study examining 98 stable adult @entity0 with @entity2 with a medical questionnaire, blood samples, MRI of the cerebrum (n=72), multidetector CT imaging (MDCT) of the thorax (n=76) and pulmonary scintigraphy (ventilation/perfusion/single-photon emission computerised tomography/CT) (n=66). The prevalence of @entity3 and @entity4 according to imaging were 47% and 31%, respectively. Comparing the findings with previous medical history revealed a large under-reporting of @entity4 with only 22% of the @entity0 having a clinical history of @entity1 and 25% of @entity4 . There was no association between the degree of @entity7 or @entity5 and the prevalence of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity2 have a prevalence of both @entity6 of around 30%-40%, which is much higher than that reported previously. Furthermore, there is a large discrepancy between clinical history and imaging findings, suggesting a high prevalence of silent @entity4 events. Neither @entity7 nor @entity5 were associated with the prevalence of @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 . TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: http://www.cvk.sum.dk/CVK/Home/English.aspx (H-KF-2006-4068).

title: Prevalence of XXXX in @entity0 with @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have a high prevalence of @entity4 , the most frequently described locations being the cerebral and pulmonary vessels. The reported prevalence of both @entity3 and @entity4 has been highly variable. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of both @entity6 in @entity2 according to medical history and imaging. In addition, the role of known @entity7 and @entity5 as risk factors was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: A cross-sectional descriptive study examining 98 stable adult @entity0 with @entity2 with a medical questionnaire, blood samples, MRI of the cerebrum (n=72), multidetector CT imaging (MDCT) of the thorax (n=76) and pulmonary scintigraphy (ventilation/perfusion/single-photon emission computerised tomography/CT) (n=66). The prevalence of @entity3 and @entity4 according to imaging were 47% and 31%, respectively. Comparing the findings with previous medical history revealed a large under-reporting of @entity4 with only 22% of the @entity0 having a clinical history of @entity1 and 25% of @entity4 . There was no association between the degree of @entity7 or @entity5 and the prevalence of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity2 have a prevalence of both @entity6 of around 30%-40%, which is much higher than that reported previously. Furthermore, there is a large discrepancy between clinical history and imaging findings, suggesting a high prevalence of silent @entity4 events. Neither @entity7 nor @entity5 were associated with the prevalence of @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 . TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: http://www.cvk.sum.dk/CVK/Home/English.aspx (H-KF-2006-4068).

title: Prevalence of @entity6 in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) have a high prevalence of @entity4 , the most frequently described locations being the cerebral and pulmonary vessels. The reported prevalence of both @entity3 and @entity4 has been highly variable. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of both @entity6 in @entity2 according to medical history and imaging. In addition, the role of known @entity7 and @entity5 as risk factors was evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS: A cross-sectional descriptive study examining 98 stable adult @entity0 with @entity2 with a medical questionnaire, blood samples, MRI of the cerebrum (n=72), multidetector CT imaging (MDCT) of the thorax (n=76) and pulmonary scintigraphy (ventilation/perfusion/single-photon emission computerised tomography/CT) (n=66). The prevalence of @entity3 and @entity4 according to imaging were 47% and 31%, respectively. Comparing the findings with previous medical history revealed a large under-reporting of @entity4 with only 22% of the @entity0 having a clinical history of @entity1 and 25% of @entity4 . There was no association between the degree of @entity7 or @entity5 and the prevalence of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 with @entity2 have a prevalence of both @entity6 of around 30%-40%, which is much higher than that reported previously. Furthermore, there is a large discrepancy between clinical history and imaging findings, suggesting a high prevalence of silent @entity4 events. Neither @entity7 nor @entity5 were associated with the prevalence of @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 . TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: http://www.cvk.sum.dk/CVK/Home/English.aspx (H-KF-2006-4068).

title: Prevalence of @entity6 in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Portal @entity1 develops in 15-20% of @entity0 with benign bile duct stricture. Hepaticojejunostomy in such @entity0 is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Preliminary portosystemic shunting has been suggested to reduce @entity5 . We present our experience without preliminary shunting in such @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Fourteen consecutive cases of @entity2 with portal @entity1 over a 13-year period (1989-2001) were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity0 were operated upon. One @entity0 had a preliminary portosystemic shunt. In another @entity0 , shunt was attempted. One stage hepaticojejunostomy was possible in 11 @entity0 . There were no intra-operative deaths. Nine of the 13 survived and were available for follow-up. One @entity0 had @entity3 . Another had @entity6 related @entity4 and a strictured hepaticojejunostomy. The remaining 7 @entity0 are asymptomatic and anicteric although alkaline phosphatase levels remain elevated in 5 of them. CONCLUSIONS: Hepaticojejunostomy without preliminary portosystemic shunting is possible in @entity0 with portal @entity1 and benign @entity2 with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates.

title: Post-cholecystectomy benign XXXX with portal @entity1 : is a portosystemic shunt before hepaticojejunostomy necessary?

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Portal @entity1 develops in 15-20% of @entity0 with benign bile duct stricture. Hepaticojejunostomy in such @entity0 is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Preliminary portosystemic shunting has been suggested to reduce @entity5 . We present our experience without preliminary shunting in such @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Fourteen consecutive cases of @entity2 with portal @entity1 over a 13-year period (1989-2001) were retrospectively analysed. RESULTS: Thirteen @entity0 were operated upon. One @entity0 had a preliminary portosystemic shunt. In another @entity0 , shunt was attempted. One stage hepaticojejunostomy was possible in 11 @entity0 . There were no intra-operative deaths. Nine of the 13 survived and were available for follow-up. One @entity0 had @entity3 . Another had @entity6 related @entity4 and a strictured hepaticojejunostomy. The remaining 7 @entity0 are asymptomatic and anicteric although alkaline phosphatase levels remain elevated in 5 of them. CONCLUSIONS: Hepaticojejunostomy without preliminary portosystemic shunting is possible in @entity0 with portal @entity1 and benign @entity2 with acceptable morbidity and mortality rates.

title: Post-cholecystectomy benign @entity2 with portal XXXX : is a portosystemic shunt before hepaticojejunostomy necessary?

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The histopathological discrimination of @entity2 [ @entity2 ] and @entity3 [ @entity3 ] can be challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate if quantification of @entity4 (+) lymphocytes and eosinophils in histopathological material improves the accuracy of diagnosis of @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 156 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity5 by a gastroenterologist and corroborated by 5 years of follow-up. @entity0 were treatment na  ve at the time of biopsy. Samples were taken from diseased areas of the colon and examined by a gastrointestinal pathologist. RESULTS: The median number of eosinophils in biopsies from affected segments was 42/high power field [hpf] [25.5-63.5] in @entity2 and 98/hpf [67-123] in @entity3 [p < 0.001]. Biopsies containing >=  70 eosinophils/hpf field had a sensitivity of 78.3% and a specificity of 71% for the diagnosis of @entity3 ({area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0.767 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.696-0.838)}. There was a median of three @entity4 (+) cells/hpf [range 2-6] in diseased @entity2 biopsies and 33 cells/hpf [24-52] in diseased @entity3 biopsies [p < 0.001]. The cut-off determined by the ROC curve was 15 (sensitivity 97.4%, specificity 97.4%, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) 17.1, Negative likelihood ratio (NLR) 0.03, area under the curve [AUC]: 0.978; 95% CI 0.95310.999). CONCLUSIONS: Routine histopathological assessment with quantification of @entity4 + cells is highly accurate at discriminating @entity2 and @entity3 . All the measured parameters are easy to perform, low-cost, and available in most pathological laboratories.

title: Quantitative assessment of XXXX + lymphocytes and eosinophils for the histopathological differential diagnosis of @entity1 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The histopathological discrimination of @entity2 [ @entity2 ] and @entity3 [ @entity3 ] can be challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate if quantification of @entity4 (+) lymphocytes and eosinophils in histopathological material improves the accuracy of diagnosis of @entity1 . METHODS: A total of 156 @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity5 by a gastroenterologist and corroborated by 5 years of follow-up. @entity0 were treatment na  ve at the time of biopsy. Samples were taken from diseased areas of the colon and examined by a gastrointestinal pathologist. RESULTS: The median number of eosinophils in biopsies from affected segments was 42/high power field [hpf] [25.5-63.5] in @entity2 and 98/hpf [67-123] in @entity3 [p < 0.001]. Biopsies containing >=  70 eosinophils/hpf field had a sensitivity of 78.3% and a specificity of 71% for the diagnosis of @entity3 ({area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve 0.767 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.696-0.838)}. There was a median of three @entity4 (+) cells/hpf [range 2-6] in diseased @entity2 biopsies and 33 cells/hpf [24-52] in diseased @entity3 biopsies [p < 0.001]. The cut-off determined by the ROC curve was 15 (sensitivity 97.4%, specificity 97.4%, positive likelihood ratio (PLR) 17.1, Negative likelihood ratio (NLR) 0.03, area under the curve [AUC]: 0.978; 95% CI 0.95310.999). CONCLUSIONS: Routine histopathological assessment with quantification of @entity4 + cells is highly accurate at discriminating @entity2 and @entity3 . All the measured parameters are easy to perform, low-cost, and available in most pathological laboratories.

title: Quantitative assessment of @entity4 + lymphocytes and eosinophils for the histopathological differential diagnosis of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are generally considered a contraindication to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the ProMRI Phase C study, a multicenter, prospective, single-arm, nonrandomized study, was to evaluate the clinical safety of the Biotronik ProMRI Iforia @entity2 system during MRI. METHODS: @entity0 were enrolled after @entity2 implantation, with either a dual-chamber DR-T or single-lead VR-T DX system. Study-defined, nondiagnostic cardiac or thoracic spine MRI was performed at least 1 week after enrollment. @entity1 were placed into MRI mode with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) detection/therapy programmed "off" before scan and restored to non-MRI mode after scan. Interrogation was performed before, immediately after, and 1 month post-MRI. The primary end-points were (1) ventricular pacing threshold increase >0.5 V from pre-MRI to 1 month post-MRI; (2) R-wave amplitude decrease >50% from pre-MRI to 1 month post-MRI or R-wave amplitude <5 mV at 1 month post-MRI; and (3) MRI and @entity2 system-related serious adverse device effects. RESULTS: One hundred seventy @entity0 were enrolled at 39 US centers. One hundred fifty-three @entity0 underwent MRI (25.7% cardiac, 74.3% thoracic spine) and completed follow-up. Freedom from the primary end-points was met in all but 1 subject, in whom reduced R-wave amplitude was detected 1 month post-MRI. No serious adverse device effects occurred during the course of the study. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the clinical safety and efficacy of the ProMRI @entity2 system in @entity0 subjected to thoracic spine and cardiac MRI imaging in 1.5-T scanners.

title: Clinical safety of the Iforia implantable cardioverter-defibrillator system in XXXX subjected to thoracic spine and cardiac 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging scanning conditions.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We previously developed a transgenic (TG) @entity2 model that overexpresses the @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity7 ) beta-subunit under the universal @entity0 ubiquitin C promoter, displaying in males a modest 3-fold increase in circulating levels of LH/ @entity7 bioactivity. The males were fertile and presented with a mild reproductive phenotype. To achieve higher levels of @entity7 , a double TG model was generated by cross-breeding the @entity9 -expressing @entity2 with another TG line harboring a ubiquitin C/common alpha-subunit fusion gene. The double-TG @entity2 expressed excessive levels of dimeric @entity7 , with 2000-fold elevated circulating LH/ @entity7 bioactivity. These male @entity2 were @entity3 , primarily due to inability to copulate, and they showed enhanced testicular @entity4 production despite clear down-regulation of LH/ @entity7 receptors. Their intratesticular inhibin B was unaltered, but serum FSH was markedly reduced. Apparently the chronic @entity7 hyperstimulation led to focal Leydig cell proliferation/ @entity6 at 6 months of age, but failed to promote @entity1 . Even though full spermatogenesis occurred in most of the seminiferous tubules, progressive @entity5 was apparent as the males grew older. The prostate and seminal vesicles were enlarged by @entity8 . Functional urethral obstruction was indicated by distension and sperm accumulation in distal vas deferens as well as by dilated urinary bladder and enlarged kidneys. The abnormal function of accessory sex glands and/or lower urinary tract as a consequence of the disturbed sex hormone balance or direct action of @entity7 may be the main cause of @entity3 in this model. The present study provides in vivo evidence that exposure of male @entity2 to chronically elevated levels of @entity7 severely affects their urogenital tract function at multiple sites and causes @entity3 , but, unlike in LH/ @entity7 overexpressing female @entity2 , it is not tumorigenic.

title: Elevated steroidogenesis, defective reproductive organs, and XXXX in transgenic male @entity2 overexpressing @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin.

answer: @entity3


abstract: We previously developed a transgenic (TG) @entity2 model that overexpresses the @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity7 ) beta-subunit under the universal @entity0 ubiquitin C promoter, displaying in males a modest 3-fold increase in circulating levels of LH/ @entity7 bioactivity. The males were fertile and presented with a mild reproductive phenotype. To achieve higher levels of @entity7 , a double TG model was generated by cross-breeding the @entity9 -expressing @entity2 with another TG line harboring a ubiquitin C/common alpha-subunit fusion gene. The double-TG @entity2 expressed excessive levels of dimeric @entity7 , with 2000-fold elevated circulating LH/ @entity7 bioactivity. These male @entity2 were @entity3 , primarily due to inability to copulate, and they showed enhanced testicular @entity4 production despite clear down-regulation of LH/ @entity7 receptors. Their intratesticular inhibin B was unaltered, but serum FSH was markedly reduced. Apparently the chronic @entity7 hyperstimulation led to focal Leydig cell proliferation/ @entity6 at 6 months of age, but failed to promote @entity1 . Even though full spermatogenesis occurred in most of the seminiferous tubules, progressive @entity5 was apparent as the males grew older. The prostate and seminal vesicles were enlarged by @entity8 . Functional urethral obstruction was indicated by distension and sperm accumulation in distal vas deferens as well as by dilated urinary bladder and enlarged kidneys. The abnormal function of accessory sex glands and/or lower urinary tract as a consequence of the disturbed sex hormone balance or direct action of @entity7 may be the main cause of @entity3 in this model. The present study provides in vivo evidence that exposure of male @entity2 to chronically elevated levels of @entity7 severely affects their urogenital tract function at multiple sites and causes @entity3 , but, unlike in LH/ @entity7 overexpressing female @entity2 , it is not tumorigenic.

title: Elevated steroidogenesis, defective reproductive organs, and @entity3 in transgenic male XXXX overexpressing @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin.

answer: @entity2


abstract: We previously developed a transgenic (TG) @entity2 model that overexpresses the @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin ( @entity7 ) beta-subunit under the universal @entity0 ubiquitin C promoter, displaying in males a modest 3-fold increase in circulating levels of LH/ @entity7 bioactivity. The males were fertile and presented with a mild reproductive phenotype. To achieve higher levels of @entity7 , a double TG model was generated by cross-breeding the @entity9 -expressing @entity2 with another TG line harboring a ubiquitin C/common alpha-subunit fusion gene. The double-TG @entity2 expressed excessive levels of dimeric @entity7 , with 2000-fold elevated circulating LH/ @entity7 bioactivity. These male @entity2 were @entity3 , primarily due to inability to copulate, and they showed enhanced testicular @entity4 production despite clear down-regulation of LH/ @entity7 receptors. Their intratesticular inhibin B was unaltered, but serum FSH was markedly reduced. Apparently the chronic @entity7 hyperstimulation led to focal Leydig cell proliferation/ @entity6 at 6 months of age, but failed to promote @entity1 . Even though full spermatogenesis occurred in most of the seminiferous tubules, progressive @entity5 was apparent as the males grew older. The prostate and seminal vesicles were enlarged by @entity8 . Functional urethral obstruction was indicated by distension and sperm accumulation in distal vas deferens as well as by dilated urinary bladder and enlarged kidneys. The abnormal function of accessory sex glands and/or lower urinary tract as a consequence of the disturbed sex hormone balance or direct action of @entity7 may be the main cause of @entity3 in this model. The present study provides in vivo evidence that exposure of male @entity2 to chronically elevated levels of @entity7 severely affects their urogenital tract function at multiple sites and causes @entity3 , but, unlike in LH/ @entity7 overexpressing female @entity2 , it is not tumorigenic.

title: Elevated steroidogenesis, defective reproductive organs, and @entity3 in transgenic male @entity2 overexpressing XXXX chorionic gonadotropin.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Abdominal fat and circulating @entity7 increase with age, which indicates lipid overaccumulation. Enlarged waist (EW) with elevated @entity7 (ET) could identify adults at metabolic risk. OBJECTIVE: Using thresholds for EW and ET observed among the youngest adults, we estimated for all adults the prevalence of combined EW and ET (EWET) and described the metabolic risks associated with EWET. DESIGN: In a cross-sectional, weighted sample of 9183 adults, we used two-dimensional displays to provide thresholds for EW ( @entity0 : > or = 95 cm; @entity0 : > or = 88 cm) and fasting ET (> or = 1.45 mmol/L) and estimated the characteristics of EWET among adults of all ages. RESULTS: The population prevalence of EWET in 18-24-y-olds was 6%; it rose with age until age 55-74 y (prevalence: 43%) and then was lower among the elderly. @entity0 with EWET were more likely (P < 0.0001) to have adverse mean (+/- SEE) concentrations of risk variables in adjusted analyses (fasting insulin: 43 +/- 3 pmol/L; HDL @entity2 : -0.27 +/- 0.02 mmol/L; @entity6 : 0.20 +/- 0.01 g/L; fasting @entity4 : 0.71 +/- 0.07 mmol/L; @entity5 : 50 +/- 2 micromol/L) and to have @entity1 (relative risk: 3.2) than were @entity0 without EWET. Compared with a similar-size subpopulation with high body mass index, @entity0 with EWET were older and had more @entity8 , @entity10 , and @entity11 . Compared with " @entity3 ," EWET identified more @entity0 who were younger and had greater LDL- @entity2 and @entity6 concentrations. Compared with " @entity12 ," EWET identified more @entity0 with @entity9 , @entity8 , and @entity11 . CONCLUSIONS: EWET identifies a syndrome of lipid overaccumulation associated with metabolic risk and accelerated mortality after middle age. Prospective studies should evaluate this simple indicator.

title: Metabolic risks identified by the combination of enlarged waist and elevated XXXX concentration.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Neonates are known to have poor cellular immunity, especially poor @entity2 response. We investigated how neonatal mononuclear cells raised different @entity2 /Th2 reactions in response to different antigens. Employing @entity4 (Der p) extract and varicella zoster virus (VZV) as antigens, we assessed @entity2 /Th2 reactions as demonstrated by @entity3 / @entity1 production and mRNA expression, and transcriptional factors @entity7 / @entity6 mRNA expression in mononuclear cells from @entity0 umbilical cord blood (CBMC). Results showed that @entity5 induced a dramatic increase of @entity1 production by adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), whereas @entity5 did not drive CBMC to release significant @entity1 production (1614.7+/-362.0 vs. 49.0+/-29.3,p<0.005). However, Der p induced higher @entity1 production by CBMC than @entity5 (298.1+/-171.8 vs. 49.0+/-29.3, P=0.047). In contrast, @entity5 did not induce significant @entity3 production either by CBMC or by PBMC. Der p induced a comparative @entity3 production by CBMC and PBMC (2.58+/-0.84 vs. 2.04+/-0.37, p>0.05). A real-time RT-PCR analysis of @entity3 and @entity1 mRNA expression showed that @entity5 induced a significantly higher @entity1 , but not @entity3 , mRNA expression in PBMC than CBMC. Der p did not induce significant difference of @entity1 or @entity3 mRNA expression in PBMC and CBMC. @entity5 enhanced @entity2 -related transcription factor @entity7 mRNA expression, in association with later down-regulation of Th2-related @entity6 mRNA expression in PBMC. However, @entity5 did not up-regulate @entity7 or down-regulate @entity6 expression significantly in CBMC. In contrast, Der p induced an early @entity6 expression and later @entity7 expression in CBMC. These results suggest that different antigens trigger various @entity2 /Th2 reactions in PBMC and CBMC resulting from kinetic changes of @entity7 / @entity6 expression.

title: Different antigens trigger different @entity2 /Th2 reactions in neonatal mononuclear cells (MNCs) relating to @entity7 / XXXX expression.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Neonates are known to have poor cellular immunity, especially poor @entity2 response. We investigated how neonatal mononuclear cells raised different @entity2 /Th2 reactions in response to different antigens. Employing @entity4 (Der p) extract and varicella zoster virus (VZV) as antigens, we assessed @entity2 /Th2 reactions as demonstrated by @entity3 / @entity1 production and mRNA expression, and transcriptional factors @entity7 / @entity6 mRNA expression in mononuclear cells from @entity0 umbilical cord blood (CBMC). Results showed that @entity5 induced a dramatic increase of @entity1 production by adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), whereas @entity5 did not drive CBMC to release significant @entity1 production (1614.7+/-362.0 vs. 49.0+/-29.3,p<0.005). However, Der p induced higher @entity1 production by CBMC than @entity5 (298.1+/-171.8 vs. 49.0+/-29.3, P=0.047). In contrast, @entity5 did not induce significant @entity3 production either by CBMC or by PBMC. Der p induced a comparative @entity3 production by CBMC and PBMC (2.58+/-0.84 vs. 2.04+/-0.37, p>0.05). A real-time RT-PCR analysis of @entity3 and @entity1 mRNA expression showed that @entity5 induced a significantly higher @entity1 , but not @entity3 , mRNA expression in PBMC than CBMC. Der p did not induce significant difference of @entity1 or @entity3 mRNA expression in PBMC and CBMC. @entity5 enhanced @entity2 -related transcription factor @entity7 mRNA expression, in association with later down-regulation of Th2-related @entity6 mRNA expression in PBMC. However, @entity5 did not up-regulate @entity7 or down-regulate @entity6 expression significantly in CBMC. In contrast, Der p induced an early @entity6 expression and later @entity7 expression in CBMC. These results suggest that different antigens trigger various @entity2 /Th2 reactions in PBMC and CBMC resulting from kinetic changes of @entity7 / @entity6 expression.

title: Different antigens trigger different @entity2 /Th2 reactions in neonatal mononuclear cells (MNCs) relating to XXXX / @entity6 expression.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Neonates are known to have poor cellular immunity, especially poor @entity2 response. We investigated how neonatal mononuclear cells raised different @entity2 /Th2 reactions in response to different antigens. Employing @entity4 (Der p) extract and varicella zoster virus (VZV) as antigens, we assessed @entity2 /Th2 reactions as demonstrated by @entity3 / @entity1 production and mRNA expression, and transcriptional factors @entity7 / @entity6 mRNA expression in mononuclear cells from @entity0 umbilical cord blood (CBMC). Results showed that @entity5 induced a dramatic increase of @entity1 production by adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), whereas @entity5 did not drive CBMC to release significant @entity1 production (1614.7+/-362.0 vs. 49.0+/-29.3,p<0.005). However, Der p induced higher @entity1 production by CBMC than @entity5 (298.1+/-171.8 vs. 49.0+/-29.3, P=0.047). In contrast, @entity5 did not induce significant @entity3 production either by CBMC or by PBMC. Der p induced a comparative @entity3 production by CBMC and PBMC (2.58+/-0.84 vs. 2.04+/-0.37, p>0.05). A real-time RT-PCR analysis of @entity3 and @entity1 mRNA expression showed that @entity5 induced a significantly higher @entity1 , but not @entity3 , mRNA expression in PBMC than CBMC. Der p did not induce significant difference of @entity1 or @entity3 mRNA expression in PBMC and CBMC. @entity5 enhanced @entity2 -related transcription factor @entity7 mRNA expression, in association with later down-regulation of Th2-related @entity6 mRNA expression in PBMC. However, @entity5 did not up-regulate @entity7 or down-regulate @entity6 expression significantly in CBMC. In contrast, Der p induced an early @entity6 expression and later @entity7 expression in CBMC. These results suggest that different antigens trigger various @entity2 /Th2 reactions in PBMC and CBMC resulting from kinetic changes of @entity7 / @entity6 expression.

title: Different antigens trigger different XXXX /Th2 reactions in neonatal mononuclear cells (MNCs) relating to @entity7 / @entity6 expression.

answer: @entity2


abstract: It is estimated that at least one out of four @entity0 with @entity1 complains of @entity5 originating from @entity4 . @entity4 may result from direct invasion/compression by @entity1 , or by remote effect of the @entity1 such as @entity7 . In many cases, the @entity4 is caused by medical therapy, or surgical interventions. @entity5 generated by drugs or medical acts is called iatrogenic. A common @entity2 is chemotherapy induced painful @entity6 . This @entity3 typically affects mostly the small myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibres. Surgical and anaesthesiological interventions also frequently cause direct nerve stretch or section. Some interventions, particularly those requiring extended resection, have a higher incidence of @entity5 . Limb and colon amputation, nerve dissection, mastectomy and thoracotomy are the most common interventions for @entity1 known to cause @entity4 . As @entity5 clinicians, we focus attention on the painful consequences of surgical interventions because there is evidence that a more accurate surgical approach and possibly a prophylactic prevention of the @entity2 may reduce the @entity5 .

title: Iatrogenic painful XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: To improve the comparative map for @entity4 chromosome 2 and increase the gene density on this chromosome, a porcine bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library was screened with 17 microsatellite markers and 18 genes previously assigned to @entity4 chromosome 2. Fifty-one BAC clones located in the region of a maternally imprinted quantitative trait locus for @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were identified. From these BACs 372 kb were sample sequenced. The average read length of a subclone was 442 basepair (bp). Contig assembly analysis showed that every bp was sequenced 1.28 times. Subsequently, sequences were compared with sequences in the @entity3 databases to identify homology with other @entity0 sequences. Sequence identity was observed with sequences derived from 35 BACs. The average percentage identity with @entity0 sequences was 87.6%, with an average length of 143 bp. In total, sample sequencing of all BACs resulted in sequence identity with 29 @entity0 genes, 13 @entity0 expressed sequence tags (ESTs), 17 @entity0 genomic clones, one @entity1 gene, one porcine gene and nine porcine ESTs. Eighteen genes located on @entity0 chromosome 11 and 19, and seven genes from other @entity0 locations, one @entity1 gene and one porcine gene were assigned to @entity4 chromosome 2 for the first time. The new genes were added to the radiation hybrid map at the same position as the locus from which the BAC that was sequenced was derived. In total 57 genes were placed on the radiation hybrid map of @entity5 -q13.

title: Improving the comparative map of XXXX -q13 by sample sequencing of BAC clones.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6 ( @entity9 ) has emerged as a valuable adjunctive agent in renal transplantation. However, due to intolerable adverse effects associated with @entity9 use in our transplant population, we have used @entity9 selectively in @entity0 at high risk for recurrent graft rejection, since these @entity0 are known to be at risk for poor long-term graft outcomes. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of @entity9 in preventing the recurrence of acute rejection following an initial rejection episode in kidney transplant @entity0 in the first year following transplantation. METHODS: Forty-four kidney transplant recipients were given @entity9 prospectively following treatment of their initial rejection episode to prevent recurrent rejection. @entity9 1-2 g/d was given. Doses were adjusted based on tolerance; @entity9 therapy was to be continued for at least 6 months. The control group consisted of 124 consecutive kidney transplant recipients who had received standard anti-rejection therapy without the addition of @entity9 . Maintenance immunosuppression consisted predominantly of @entity2 , @entity3 +/- @entity5 . Anti-rejection therapy for both groups consisted of either @entity4 ( @entity8 500 mg i.v. for 3 d or oral @entity3 2 mg/kg/d with rapid taper over 3 wk), OKT3 5 mg/d for 10 d or ATG 15 mg/kg/d for 10 d. All rejection episodes were confirmed by biopsy. RESULTS: The majority of rejection episodes were characterized histologically as mild or moderate. Most @entity0 (76%) received corticosteroids for treatment of their first rejection episode. There was a 68% reduction in the incidence of recurrent rejection episodes within the first year of transplant in @entity0 receiving @entity9 ; only 14% of recipients receiving @entity9 developed recurrent rejection compared to 44% of @entity0 in the control group (p<0.05). Approximately 50% of @entity0 developed @entity9 -associated adverse effects ( @entity7 , @entity1 ). Only 52% of @entity0 remained on @entity9 at 6 months. One-yr graft survival was 86% in the @entity9 group and 89% in the control group (p>0.05). One-year @entity0 survival was 93 and 100%, respectively (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of @entity9 to maintenance therapy for @entity0 experiencing acute renal allograft rejection may prevent recurrent rejection episodes in the subsequent follow-up year.

title: Impact of XXXX on recurrent rejection in kidney transplant @entity0 .

answer: @entity6