abstract: Intake of soy protein has been associated with improvements in lipid metabolism, with much attention being focused on the serum @entity1 -lowering property of soy. The component or components of soy that are responsible for improvements in lipid metabolism have been investigated and their specific actions debated. One component, the @entity7 , has been shown to have weak estrogenic activity, and recently, several research groups have suggested that @entity7 are activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The three different isoforms of PPARs (alpha, gamma, and delta) have overlapping tissue distributions and functions associated with lipid metabolism. The goal of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that the effect of @entity7 is mediated through the @entity5 receptor. Male and female 129/Sv @entity0 were obtained, including both wild-type and genetically altered @entity5 knockout @entity0 . Groups of @entity0 were fed high-fat atherogenic diets containing soy protein +/- @entity7 and @entity5 agonist @entity6 for 6 wk. At the end of 6 wk, serum and tissue lipid levels were measured along with hepatic gene expression. Most notably, serum @entity3 were reduced by @entity4 consumption. Compared with intake of a low- @entity4 basal diet, @entity4 intake reduced serum @entity2 levels by 36 and 52% in female and male wild-type @entity0 , respectively, compared with 55 and 52% in @entity6 -treated @entity0 . @entity7 also improved serum @entity2 levels in knockout @entity0 , whereas @entity6 did not, suggesting that two different regulatory mechanisms may be affected by @entity4 intake. @entity4 intake resembled action of @entity6 on @entity5 -regulated gene expression, although less robustly compared with @entity6 . We suggest that, at the levels consumed in this study, @entity4 intake is altering lipid metabolism in a manner consistent with activation of @entity5 and also via a @entity5 -independent mechanism as well.

title: Dietary @entity4 supplementation modulates lipid metabolism via XXXX -dependent and -independent mechanisms.

answer: @entity5


abstract: CONTEXT: Effects of irradiation on @entity3 such as @entity7 and @entity5 have not been evaluated among @entity0 exposed to radiation more than 50 years in the past. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of @entity3 and their radiation-dose responses in atomic bomb survivors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Survey study comprising 4091 cohort members (mean age, 70 [SD, 9] years; 1352 @entity0 and 2739 @entity0 ) who participated in the thyroid study at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation. Thyroid examinations were conducted between March 2000 and February 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity3 , including @entity7 (malignant and benign) and @entity5 , and the dose-response relationship of @entity2 in each @entity3 . RESULTS: @entity3 were identified in 1833 (44.8%) of the total @entity0 (436 @entity0 [32.2% of @entity0 ] and 1397 @entity0 [51.0% of @entity0 ]) (P<.001). In 3185 @entity0 , excluding @entity0 exposed in utero, not in the city at the time of the atomic bombings, or with unknown radiation dose, the prevalence of all solid nodules, @entity1 , benign nodules, and cysts was 14.6%, 2.2%, 4.9%, and 7.7%, respectively. The prevalence of positive thyroid antibodies, antithyroid antibody-positive @entity4 , and @entity6 was 28.2%, 3.2%, and 1.2%, respectively. A significant linear dose-response relationship was observed for the prevalence of all solid nodules, @entity1 , benign nodules, and cysts (P<.001). We estimate that about 28% of all solid nodules, 37% of @entity1 , 31% of benign nodules, and 25% of cysts are associated with radiation exposure at a mean and median thyroid radiation dose of 0.449 Sv and 0.087 Sv, respectively. No significant dose-response relationship was observed for positive antithyroid antibodies (P = .20), antithyroid antibody-positive @entity4 (P = .92), or @entity6 (P = .10). CONCLUSIONS: A significant linear radiation dose response for @entity7 , including @entity1 and benign nodules, exists in atomic bomb survivors. However, there is no significant dose response for @entity5 .

title: Radiation dose-response relationships for XXXX and @entity5 in Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors 55-58 years after radiation exposure.

answer: @entity7


abstract: CONTEXT: Effects of irradiation on @entity3 such as @entity7 and @entity5 have not been evaluated among @entity0 exposed to radiation more than 50 years in the past. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of @entity3 and their radiation-dose responses in atomic bomb survivors. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : Survey study comprising 4091 cohort members (mean age, 70 [SD, 9] years; 1352 @entity0 and 2739 @entity0 ) who participated in the thyroid study at the Radiation Effects Research Foundation. Thyroid examinations were conducted between March 2000 and February 2003. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of @entity3 , including @entity7 (malignant and benign) and @entity5 , and the dose-response relationship of @entity2 in each @entity3 . RESULTS: @entity3 were identified in 1833 (44.8%) of the total @entity0 (436 @entity0 [32.2% of @entity0 ] and 1397 @entity0 [51.0% of @entity0 ]) (P<.001). In 3185 @entity0 , excluding @entity0 exposed in utero, not in the city at the time of the atomic bombings, or with unknown radiation dose, the prevalence of all solid nodules, @entity1 , benign nodules, and cysts was 14.6%, 2.2%, 4.9%, and 7.7%, respectively. The prevalence of positive thyroid antibodies, antithyroid antibody-positive @entity4 , and @entity6 was 28.2%, 3.2%, and 1.2%, respectively. A significant linear dose-response relationship was observed for the prevalence of all solid nodules, @entity1 , benign nodules, and cysts (P<.001). We estimate that about 28% of all solid nodules, 37% of @entity1 , 31% of benign nodules, and 25% of cysts are associated with radiation exposure at a mean and median thyroid radiation dose of 0.449 Sv and 0.087 Sv, respectively. No significant dose-response relationship was observed for positive antithyroid antibodies (P = .20), antithyroid antibody-positive @entity4 (P = .92), or @entity6 (P = .10). CONCLUSIONS: A significant linear radiation dose response for @entity7 , including @entity1 and benign nodules, exists in atomic bomb survivors. However, there is no significant dose response for @entity5 .

title: Radiation dose-response relationships for @entity7 and XXXX in Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors 55-58 years after radiation exposure.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The microtubule cytoskeleton is known to play a role in cell structure and serve as a scaffold for a variety of active molecules in processes as diverse as motility and cell division. The literature on the role of microtubules in signal transduction, however, is marked by inconsistencies. We have investigated a well-studied signaling pathway, @entity0 -induced NF-kappaB activation, and found a connection between the stability of microtubules and the regulation of NF-kappaB signaling in C2C12 myotubes. When microtubules are stabilized by @entity1 ( @entity1 ), there is a strong induction of NF-kappaB even in the absence of @entity0 . Although there was no additive effect of @entity1 and @entity0 on NF-kappaB activity suggesting a shared mechanism of activation, @entity1 strongly induced the NF-kappaB reporter in the presence of a @entity4 ( @entity4 ) blocking antibody while @entity0 did not. Both @entity0 and @entity1 induce the degradation of endogenous @entity3 and either @entity1 or @entity0 induction of NF-kappaB activity was blocked by inhibitors of NF-kappaB acting at different sites in the signaling pathway. Both @entity0 and @entity1 strongly induce known NF-kappaB chemokine target genes. On the other hand, if microtubules are destabilized by @entity2 , then the induction of NF-kappaB by @entity0 or @entity1 is greatly reduced. Taken together, we surmise that the activity of microtubules is at the level of the @entity4 intracellular domain. This phenomenon may indicate a new level of signaling organization in cell biology, actively created by the state of the cytoskeleton, and has ramifications for therapies where microtubule regulating drugs are used.

title: Microtubule-mediated NF-kappaB activation in the XXXX signaling pathway.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevated plasma levels of @entity5 have been reported in association with @entity1 , including @entity3 . Furthermore, it has been suggested that ET-1 acts as a local autocrine/paracrine factor with biological activities such as vasoconstriction, mitogenesis, and inotropic effects on the heart. This study investigated alterations of ET-1, ET receptor, and endothelin-converting enzyme ( @entity6 ) expression in left ventricular myocardium from @entity0 with end-stage @entity3 . METHODS AND RESULTS: mRNA concentrations of @entity4 and ETB receptors, @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity6 in left ventricles from nonfailing donors hearts (NF) and from @entity0 with end-stage @entity3 (NYHA functional class IV) due to @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were compared by use of a competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique. There was no significant difference in mRNA expression for @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity4 receptors, whereas a significant reduction of ETB-receptor mRNA was observed in @entity2 hearts. 125I-labeled ET-1 radioligand binding studies demonstrated a significant downregulation of ETB receptors, whereas @entity4 -receptor density was increased in membranes from @entity2 hearts. Phosphoramidon-sensitive @entity6 activity and immunodetectable amounts of @entity6 protein in left ventricular membrane preparations did not differ between NF and @entity2 hearts. Finally, immunoreactive ET-1 concentrations were increased in @entity2 hearts. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates changes in the ET-receptor expression pattern in favor of the @entity4 receptor in @entity0 end-stage @entity3 . Furthermore, activation of the cardiac ET system with increased tissue ET-1 concentrations in the failing myocardium is observed. This is more likely due to decreased clearance than to increased synthesis, because @entity5 gene expression and @entity6 activity are unchanged.

title: Expression of @entity5 , endothelin-converting enzyme, and endothelin receptors in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Elevated plasma levels of @entity5 have been reported in association with @entity1 , including @entity3 . Furthermore, it has been suggested that ET-1 acts as a local autocrine/paracrine factor with biological activities such as vasoconstriction, mitogenesis, and inotropic effects on the heart. This study investigated alterations of ET-1, ET receptor, and endothelin-converting enzyme ( @entity6 ) expression in left ventricular myocardium from @entity0 with end-stage @entity3 . METHODS AND RESULTS: mRNA concentrations of @entity4 and ETB receptors, @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity6 in left ventricles from nonfailing donors hearts (NF) and from @entity0 with end-stage @entity3 (NYHA functional class IV) due to @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were compared by use of a competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique. There was no significant difference in mRNA expression for @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity4 receptors, whereas a significant reduction of ETB-receptor mRNA was observed in @entity2 hearts. 125I-labeled ET-1 radioligand binding studies demonstrated a significant downregulation of ETB receptors, whereas @entity4 -receptor density was increased in membranes from @entity2 hearts. Phosphoramidon-sensitive @entity6 activity and immunodetectable amounts of @entity6 protein in left ventricular membrane preparations did not differ between NF and @entity2 hearts. Finally, immunoreactive ET-1 concentrations were increased in @entity2 hearts. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrates changes in the ET-receptor expression pattern in favor of the @entity4 receptor in @entity0 end-stage @entity3 . Furthermore, activation of the cardiac ET system with increased tissue ET-1 concentrations in the failing myocardium is observed. This is more likely due to decreased clearance than to increased synthesis, because @entity5 gene expression and @entity6 activity are unchanged.

title: Expression of XXXX , endothelin-converting enzyme, and endothelin receptors in @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: This study describes the role of lymphatics in the removal of macrophages from inflammatory lesions in the heart of @entity5 @entity1 and @entity1 recovering from @entity4 . The inflammatory lesions are characterized by focal cardiomyocyte @entity2 , @entity0 , and mononuclear infiltrate. The vascular and lymphatic capillaries are maintained along with the basement membrane of the @entity2 . Through prior investigation, it was revealed that refeeding @entity3 led to a rapid reduction in lesion area. The purpose of the current investigation was to establish the role of the lymphatics as a means of reducing the lesion area by removal of the cellular infiltrate and @entity0 . Using a limited @entity3 diet, @entity5 @entity1 were sacrificed via perfusion fixation during the @entity5 and the @entity3 re-supplementation periods. Heart tissue was examined by light and electron microscopy. During the @entity5 period, phagocytic mononuclear cells were found engulfing necrotic cardiac muscle cells. With refeeding of @entity3 , these phagocytic cells appeared to be diminished in number, a reduction that coincided with a decrease in the lesion size. Lymphatic channels were dilated and full of mononuclear cells. These channels were differentiated from the vascular capillaries by standard morphological criteria. In conclusion, the lymphatics play an important role in the healing process by reducing the lesion size through the removal of phagocytic cells and the uptake of proteinaceous material.

title: The role of the lymphatics in aiding regression of hypokalemic lesions in XXXX cardiac muscle.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The surgical management of @entity2 is a challenging, complex procedure, and the risks are great. The otologic surgeon is responsible for keeping a patent external auditory canal and for achieving satisfactory hearing. The present report studied hearing changes that occurred after tympanoplasty and the long-term results of tympanoplasty in 12 cases of @entity2 or @entity1 . @entity0 were followed for more than 2 years after surgery. In four ears, an allograft of the tympanic membrane with an attached malleus was used, with a good graft take and hearing results. An autograft of temporal fascia was used in eight ears. Hearing acuity decreased in six of the eight ears and was maintained in two ears. Three primary surgery @entity0 required revision surgery for postoperative restenosis of the external auditory canal. Some comments have been made with regard to this problem. Emphasis is also placed on the selection of @entity0 for surgery using a thorough audiologic and roentgenologic evaluation.

title: Results of tympanoplasty for @entity2 and XXXX , with special reference to fascia and homograft as the graft material of the tympanic membrane.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The surgical management of @entity2 is a challenging, complex procedure, and the risks are great. The otologic surgeon is responsible for keeping a patent external auditory canal and for achieving satisfactory hearing. The present report studied hearing changes that occurred after tympanoplasty and the long-term results of tympanoplasty in 12 cases of @entity2 or @entity1 . @entity0 were followed for more than 2 years after surgery. In four ears, an allograft of the tympanic membrane with an attached malleus was used, with a good graft take and hearing results. An autograft of temporal fascia was used in eight ears. Hearing acuity decreased in six of the eight ears and was maintained in two ears. Three primary surgery @entity0 required revision surgery for postoperative restenosis of the external auditory canal. Some comments have been made with regard to this problem. Emphasis is also placed on the selection of @entity0 for surgery using a thorough audiologic and roentgenologic evaluation.

title: Results of tympanoplasty for XXXX and @entity1 , with special reference to fascia and homograft as the graft material of the tympanic membrane.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A 41-year-old- @entity0 without previous @entity4 , developed a severe anaphylactic reaction. After administration of @entity7 (0.5 mg) the @entity0 complained of @entity3 . The electrocardiogram showed an elevation of ST segment in inferior leads. @entity1 was ruled out. Coronary arteriography disclosed normal coronary arteries. Eight months later, the @entity0 developed severe @entity3 during physical activity. ST elevation was again seen in inferior leads. ECG changes disappeared, when sublingual @entity6 was administered. A diagnosis of @entity5 was made. Exercise test was negative, during treatment with @entity2 -blocking agents. The @entity0 subsequently remain free of symptoms taking medication. The physiological mechanisms of @entity5 and precipitating factors are discussed.

title: [An XXXX -induced vasospasm as the form of presentation of variant angina].

answer: @entity7


abstract: Epidemiological studies have shown that @entity9 and low HDL- @entity0 were both associated with an increased risk of @entity1 . Furthermore, @entity9 is now recognized as an independent risk factor for @entity3 . Secondary prevention trials (e.g., LOCAT, BECAIT, @entity16 and DAIS) in @entity3 with drugs acting primarily on @entity6 (e.g., the @entity12 activators @entity14 , @entity11 and @entity13 ) have shown that reducing @entity6 and increasing HDL- @entity0 , without significantly affecting LDL- @entity0 , slows down coronary artery luminal narrowing. Furthermore, the VA-HIT study recently showed that @entity13 decreased @entity3 mortality in secondary prevention trials, partly by increasing HDL- @entity0 . The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) (i.e., @entity17 ) form a subfamily of the nuclear receptor gene family. Whereas all PPARs are, albeit to differing extents, activated by @entity8 and derivatives, @entity12 binds the hypolipidemic fibrates. @entity12 activation mediates changes in lipoprotein metabolism. Moreover, @entity12 activators increase hepatic uptake and esterification of free @entity8 , in addition to increasing mitochondrial free @entity5 uptake and the resulting free @entity5 oxidation. The effect of fibrates on the metabolism of @entity2 -rich lipoproteins is due to a @entity12 -dependent stimulation of lipoprotein lipase and of apolipoprotein (apo)A-V and to an inhibition of @entity15 expression, whereas the increase in plasma HDL- @entity0 depends partly on an overexpression of @entity7 and @entity10 . PPARs are also expressed in @entity4 .

title: Mode of action of fibrates in the regulation of XXXX and HDL- @entity0 metabolism.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Epidemiological studies have shown that @entity9 and low HDL- @entity0 were both associated with an increased risk of @entity1 . Furthermore, @entity9 is now recognized as an independent risk factor for @entity3 . Secondary prevention trials (e.g., LOCAT, BECAIT, @entity16 and DAIS) in @entity3 with drugs acting primarily on @entity6 (e.g., the @entity12 activators @entity14 , @entity11 and @entity13 ) have shown that reducing @entity6 and increasing HDL- @entity0 , without significantly affecting LDL- @entity0 , slows down coronary artery luminal narrowing. Furthermore, the VA-HIT study recently showed that @entity13 decreased @entity3 mortality in secondary prevention trials, partly by increasing HDL- @entity0 . The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) (i.e., @entity17 ) form a subfamily of the nuclear receptor gene family. Whereas all PPARs are, albeit to differing extents, activated by @entity8 and derivatives, @entity12 binds the hypolipidemic fibrates. @entity12 activation mediates changes in lipoprotein metabolism. Moreover, @entity12 activators increase hepatic uptake and esterification of free @entity8 , in addition to increasing mitochondrial free @entity5 uptake and the resulting free @entity5 oxidation. The effect of fibrates on the metabolism of @entity2 -rich lipoproteins is due to a @entity12 -dependent stimulation of lipoprotein lipase and of apolipoprotein (apo)A-V and to an inhibition of @entity15 expression, whereas the increase in plasma HDL- @entity0 depends partly on an overexpression of @entity7 and @entity10 . PPARs are also expressed in @entity4 .

title: Mode of action of fibrates in the regulation of @entity2 and HDL- XXXX metabolism.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Problems related to the central nervous system have a major impact on survival and quality of life. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the incidence of @entity1 after liver transplantation (LT), including both cadaveric and living donor liver transplantation. Between April 2001 and March 2004 174 @entity0 (120 cadaveric liver transplantations, 54 living donor transplantations) were admitted to our intensive care after liver transplantation. Of the transplanted @entity0 24.7% developed @entity1 . These @entity0 ' stay in the intensive care (14.2 +/- 17.2 days) was much longer than that of all admitted @entity0 (8.4 +/- 10.5 days, p < 0.05). The most common @entity1 were @entity3 (72.1%) and @entity5 (11.6 %). The incidence of @entity1 in living donor liver transplanted @entity0 was significantly lower than in cadaveric transplantation @entity0 (20.4% vs 26.7 %). The @entity2 time in living donor transplanted @entity0 was significantly shorter in comparison with cadaveric transplanted @entity0 (215 +/- 119.3 vs. 383.7 +/- 214.7). The survival rate after liver transplantation of @entity0 with @entity1 was lower than that of @entity0 without, but not significantly different (79.1 % vs. 82.4%, p > 0.05). The incidence of @entity1 was found to be similar between the @entity0 treated with @entity4 (25%) and @entity6 (23.8 %) in this study. In conclusion, there was a high incidence of @entity1 after LT, prolonging the @entity0 ' stay in intensive care significantly. The major neurological manifestation in our @entity0 was @entity3 followed by @entity5 . Living donor liver transplantation was associated with a significantly lower incidence of @entity1 compared with @entity0 who had received a cadaveric graft. This might be due to the good quality of the organ and the much shorter @entity2 time of the graft when the donor was alive.

title: XXXX after cadaveric and living donor liver transplantation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Of four monoclonal antibodies to purified @entity0 liver cytochrome P450s, including those from @entity9 -, @entity1 -, @entity3 -, and @entity13 -treated @entity0 , only the monoclonal antibody against @entity13 -inducible P450 immunodetected proteins in @entity4 liver microsomes after blotting from @entity7 - @entity6 gels. This protein migrated identically with the @entity13 -inducible P450 detected in microsomes from @entity2 -treated @entity0 . It was most predominant in liver microsomes from @entity4 at 1 day posthatching, whereas much lower levels were observed in the embryo and at 36 days posthatch. @entity1 and @entity2 were both effective inducers of this protein. The developmental profile and induction by @entity1 and @entity2 of several cytochrome P450-associated catalytic activities were compared with those of the immunodetected protein. @entity4 liver microsomal erythromycin demethylase, a characteristic activity of @entity0 @entity13 -inducible P450, was similar in developmental profile and induction to the immunodetected protein, with a high degree of augmentation at 1 day posthatch compared with that in the embryo and at 36 days posthatch; @entity8 epoxidase, @entity11 demethylase, @entity10 demethylase, and @entity12 demethylase were more similar to each other in development and induction and were less well correlated with the immunodetected protein. This evidence suggests the presence in @entity4 liver of at least two types of P450, one a form related to the @entity13 -inducible P450 family. All of the catalytic activities were induced after pretreatment of @entity4 with @entity1 but @entity8 epoxidase was most effectively induced. @entity8 epoxidase was also detected in microsomes from untreated embryos as early as 7 days of incubation. @entity5 demethylase was the only catalytic activity induced by @entity2 . There was a trend of increased specific activity toward all the substances after hatching, indicating a more efficient P450 system, possibly due to a sharp increase in some isozymes, including the form from the @entity13 -inducible P450 family. This evidence for a @entity13 -inducible P450 in @entity4 agrees with sequence information that suggests the early evolution of this form and demonstrates the suitability of the @entity4 for studies of P450 evolution.

title: Evidence for a PCN-P450 enzyme in XXXX and comparison of its development with that of other @entity1 -inducible forms.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Of four monoclonal antibodies to purified @entity0 liver cytochrome P450s, including those from @entity9 -, @entity1 -, @entity3 -, and @entity13 -treated @entity0 , only the monoclonal antibody against @entity13 -inducible P450 immunodetected proteins in @entity4 liver microsomes after blotting from @entity7 - @entity6 gels. This protein migrated identically with the @entity13 -inducible P450 detected in microsomes from @entity2 -treated @entity0 . It was most predominant in liver microsomes from @entity4 at 1 day posthatching, whereas much lower levels were observed in the embryo and at 36 days posthatch. @entity1 and @entity2 were both effective inducers of this protein. The developmental profile and induction by @entity1 and @entity2 of several cytochrome P450-associated catalytic activities were compared with those of the immunodetected protein. @entity4 liver microsomal erythromycin demethylase, a characteristic activity of @entity0 @entity13 -inducible P450, was similar in developmental profile and induction to the immunodetected protein, with a high degree of augmentation at 1 day posthatch compared with that in the embryo and at 36 days posthatch; @entity8 epoxidase, @entity11 demethylase, @entity10 demethylase, and @entity12 demethylase were more similar to each other in development and induction and were less well correlated with the immunodetected protein. This evidence suggests the presence in @entity4 liver of at least two types of P450, one a form related to the @entity13 -inducible P450 family. All of the catalytic activities were induced after pretreatment of @entity4 with @entity1 but @entity8 epoxidase was most effectively induced. @entity8 epoxidase was also detected in microsomes from untreated embryos as early as 7 days of incubation. @entity5 demethylase was the only catalytic activity induced by @entity2 . There was a trend of increased specific activity toward all the substances after hatching, indicating a more efficient P450 system, possibly due to a sharp increase in some isozymes, including the form from the @entity13 -inducible P450 family. This evidence for a @entity13 -inducible P450 in @entity4 agrees with sequence information that suggests the early evolution of this form and demonstrates the suitability of the @entity4 for studies of P450 evolution.

title: Evidence for a PCN-P450 enzyme in @entity4 and comparison of its development with that of other XXXX -inducible forms.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 affects @entity0 ' incomes, but to the authors' knowledge few studies to date have examined how the income of the @entity0 ' spouses may be influenced. In this population-based study from Norway, the effects of @entity1 on both partners' earnings are analyzed. METHODS: The difference between labor earnings the year before the @entity1 diagnosis and that 2, 5, or 8 years later was compared with the difference in earnings over a corresponding period for similar @entity0 without @entity1 , applying linear regression models to national registry data. Approximately 1.1 million married @entity0 ages 35 to 59 years were included, among them 17,250 @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 during 1991 through 1999. RESULTS: Two and 5 years after a @entity1 diagnosis, married @entity0 experienced lower earnings than they would have absent the illness. @entity1 in wives, however, did not affect @entity0 's earnings. @entity0 's earnings were adversely influenced to the same extent by their own as by their spouses' @entity1 . Brain, lung, and @entity2 in male spouses produced the most adverse effects on @entity0 's earnings. All effects were most pronounced for @entity0 no longer married. CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 's earnings are lower after both their own and their spouses' @entity1 , and divorced and widowed @entity0 experience the most pronounced reduction after spousal @entity1 . @entity0 's earnings are lower only if they are diagnosed themselves. This may reflect traditional sex roles, with @entity0 as main breadwinners and @entity0 as caregivers. For family households, @entity1 in @entity0 may result in greater financial difficulties than @entity1 among @entity0 , although the effect will depend on breadwinner roles before diagnosis.

title: The impact of XXXX on spouses' labor earnings: a population-based study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. Spinal prostanoids are implicated in the development of @entity5 after @entity10 , but the specific prostanoid species that are involved are presently unknown. The current study used an in vitro spinal superfusion model to investigate the effect of substance @entity12 ), @entity3 ( @entity2 ), and @entity6 on multiple prostanoid release from dorsal spinal cord of naive @entity1 as well as @entity1 that underwent peripheral @entity0 (knee joint @entity8 /carrageenan). 2. In naive @entity1 spinal cords, @entity4 and @entity11 , but not @entity7 , levels were increased after inclusion of SP, @entity2 , or @entity6 in the perfusion medium. 3. Basal @entity4 levels from spinal cords of animals that underwent 5-72 h of @entity0 were elevated relative to age-matched naive cohorts. The time course of this increase in basal @entity4 levels coincided with @entity0 , as assessed by knee joint circumference. Basal @entity11 levels were not elevated after injury. 4. From this @entity0 -evoked increase in basal @entity4 levels, SP and @entity6 significantly increased spinal @entity4 release in a dose-dependent fashion. @entity6 -evoked increases were blocked dose-dependently by inclusion of S(+) @entity9 in the @entity6 -containing perfusate. 5. These data suggest a role for spinal @entity4 and @entity13 activation in the development of @entity5 after injury and demonstrate that this relationship is upregulated in response to peripheral tissue @entity0 .

title: In vitro prostanoid release from spinal cord following @entity0 : effects of substance P, @entity2 and XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: 1. Spinal prostanoids are implicated in the development of @entity5 after @entity10 , but the specific prostanoid species that are involved are presently unknown. The current study used an in vitro spinal superfusion model to investigate the effect of substance @entity12 ), @entity3 ( @entity2 ), and @entity6 on multiple prostanoid release from dorsal spinal cord of naive @entity1 as well as @entity1 that underwent peripheral @entity0 (knee joint @entity8 /carrageenan). 2. In naive @entity1 spinal cords, @entity4 and @entity11 , but not @entity7 , levels were increased after inclusion of SP, @entity2 , or @entity6 in the perfusion medium. 3. Basal @entity4 levels from spinal cords of animals that underwent 5-72 h of @entity0 were elevated relative to age-matched naive cohorts. The time course of this increase in basal @entity4 levels coincided with @entity0 , as assessed by knee joint circumference. Basal @entity11 levels were not elevated after injury. 4. From this @entity0 -evoked increase in basal @entity4 levels, SP and @entity6 significantly increased spinal @entity4 release in a dose-dependent fashion. @entity6 -evoked increases were blocked dose-dependently by inclusion of S(+) @entity9 in the @entity6 -containing perfusate. 5. These data suggest a role for spinal @entity4 and @entity13 activation in the development of @entity5 after injury and demonstrate that this relationship is upregulated in response to peripheral tissue @entity0 .

title: In vitro prostanoid release from spinal cord following @entity0 : effects of substance P, XXXX and @entity6 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. Spinal prostanoids are implicated in the development of @entity5 after @entity10 , but the specific prostanoid species that are involved are presently unknown. The current study used an in vitro spinal superfusion model to investigate the effect of substance @entity12 ), @entity3 ( @entity2 ), and @entity6 on multiple prostanoid release from dorsal spinal cord of naive @entity1 as well as @entity1 that underwent peripheral @entity0 (knee joint @entity8 /carrageenan). 2. In naive @entity1 spinal cords, @entity4 and @entity11 , but not @entity7 , levels were increased after inclusion of SP, @entity2 , or @entity6 in the perfusion medium. 3. Basal @entity4 levels from spinal cords of animals that underwent 5-72 h of @entity0 were elevated relative to age-matched naive cohorts. The time course of this increase in basal @entity4 levels coincided with @entity0 , as assessed by knee joint circumference. Basal @entity11 levels were not elevated after injury. 4. From this @entity0 -evoked increase in basal @entity4 levels, SP and @entity6 significantly increased spinal @entity4 release in a dose-dependent fashion. @entity6 -evoked increases were blocked dose-dependently by inclusion of S(+) @entity9 in the @entity6 -containing perfusate. 5. These data suggest a role for spinal @entity4 and @entity13 activation in the development of @entity5 after injury and demonstrate that this relationship is upregulated in response to peripheral tissue @entity0 .

title: In vitro prostanoid release from spinal cord following XXXX : effects of substance P, @entity2 and @entity6 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: While @entity4 is common in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), it is not known @entity5 characteristics predispose toward @entity4 . We examined demographic, clinical, serological, and neuropsychological factors in a group of disabled and nondisabled @entity0 with @entity5 . METHODS: Fifty @entity0 meeting American College of Rheumatology criteria for @entity5 were assessed for work status, disease characteristics, fatigue, @entity1 , @entity3 , and quality of life. All subjects underwent an abbreviated panel of neuropsychological tests. Subjects who had @entity4 (social security or longterm disability, n = 16) and subjects who self-reported @entity4 without formal recognition (n = 8) were compared to subjects denying @entity4 from lupus (n = 26). RESULTS: Education level, African-American race, and SLICC Damage Index score were significantly associated with @entity4 relative to other subjects. @entity2 ( @entity8 .44, 95% CI 3.01, 68.20; p = 0.001), @entity6 (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.01, 13.9; p = 0.048), and discoid lupus ( @entity7 .93, 95% CI 3.51, 113.3; p = 0.001) were all associated with formal disability. Formally disabled @entity0 had higher fatigue and @entity1 scores and more impaired quality of life in many domains relative to nondisabled subjects. Subjects with self-reported @entity4 also had @entity2 , high fatigue scores, and poor quality of life, but in other respects appeared to have milder disease than formally disabled subjects. CONCLUSION: @entity2 and fatigue are 2 manifestations that may contribute materially to @entity4 in lupus. Other associated factors include low education levels, SLICC Damage Index scores, discoid lupus, @entity6 , and possibly African-American race.

title: Prevalence of @entity2 and other clinical manifestations in disabled @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: While @entity4 is common in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), it is not known @entity5 characteristics predispose toward @entity4 . We examined demographic, clinical, serological, and neuropsychological factors in a group of disabled and nondisabled @entity0 with @entity5 . METHODS: Fifty @entity0 meeting American College of Rheumatology criteria for @entity5 were assessed for work status, disease characteristics, fatigue, @entity1 , @entity3 , and quality of life. All subjects underwent an abbreviated panel of neuropsychological tests. Subjects who had @entity4 (social security or longterm disability, n = 16) and subjects who self-reported @entity4 without formal recognition (n = 8) were compared to subjects denying @entity4 from lupus (n = 26). RESULTS: Education level, African-American race, and SLICC Damage Index score were significantly associated with @entity4 relative to other subjects. @entity2 ( @entity8 .44, 95% CI 3.01, 68.20; p = 0.001), @entity6 (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.01, 13.9; p = 0.048), and discoid lupus ( @entity7 .93, 95% CI 3.51, 113.3; p = 0.001) were all associated with formal disability. Formally disabled @entity0 had higher fatigue and @entity1 scores and more impaired quality of life in many domains relative to nondisabled subjects. Subjects with self-reported @entity4 also had @entity2 , high fatigue scores, and poor quality of life, but in other respects appeared to have milder disease than formally disabled subjects. CONCLUSION: @entity2 and fatigue are 2 manifestations that may contribute materially to @entity4 in lupus. Other associated factors include low education levels, SLICC Damage Index scores, discoid lupus, @entity6 , and possibly African-American race.

title: Prevalence of XXXX and other clinical manifestations in disabled @entity0 with @entity5 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: While @entity4 is common in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ), it is not known @entity5 characteristics predispose toward @entity4 . We examined demographic, clinical, serological, and neuropsychological factors in a group of disabled and nondisabled @entity0 with @entity5 . METHODS: Fifty @entity0 meeting American College of Rheumatology criteria for @entity5 were assessed for work status, disease characteristics, fatigue, @entity1 , @entity3 , and quality of life. All subjects underwent an abbreviated panel of neuropsychological tests. Subjects who had @entity4 (social security or longterm disability, n = 16) and subjects who self-reported @entity4 without formal recognition (n = 8) were compared to subjects denying @entity4 from lupus (n = 26). RESULTS: Education level, African-American race, and SLICC Damage Index score were significantly associated with @entity4 relative to other subjects. @entity2 ( @entity8 .44, 95% CI 3.01, 68.20; p = 0.001), @entity6 (OR 3.75, 95% CI 1.01, 13.9; p = 0.048), and discoid lupus ( @entity7 .93, 95% CI 3.51, 113.3; p = 0.001) were all associated with formal disability. Formally disabled @entity0 had higher fatigue and @entity1 scores and more impaired quality of life in many domains relative to nondisabled subjects. Subjects with self-reported @entity4 also had @entity2 , high fatigue scores, and poor quality of life, but in other respects appeared to have milder disease than formally disabled subjects. CONCLUSION: @entity2 and fatigue are 2 manifestations that may contribute materially to @entity4 in lupus. Other associated factors include low education levels, SLICC Damage Index scores, discoid lupus, @entity6 , and possibly African-American race.

title: Prevalence of @entity2 and other clinical manifestations in disabled XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 and other types of @entity5 are characterised by numerous @entity2 and behavioural changes. Little is known of their natural history. AIMS: To investigate the sequence and pattern of these changes throughout the course of @entity5 . METHOD: One hundred @entity0 , initially living at home with carers, entered a prospective, longitudinal study. At four-monthly intervals, behavioural and @entity2 symptoms were assessed using the Present Behavioural Examination and Mini-Mental State Examination. Follow-up continued for up to nine years (mean 3.3 years; s.d. 2.4). Patterns of onset and disappearance of these symptoms, their sequence and association with time of @entity4 and @entity1 were analysed. Autopsy confirmed a diagnosis of pure @entity3 in 48 subjects. Data for this subgroup are presented. RESULTS: Some changes tend to occur earlier than others but changes can occur at almost any time in the course of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The natural history of behaviour changes in @entity3 shows great individual variation although some changes tend to follow a recognisable sequence.

title: Natural history of behavioural changes and @entity2 symptoms in XXXX . A longitudinal study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 and other types of @entity5 are characterised by numerous @entity2 and behavioural changes. Little is known of their natural history. AIMS: To investigate the sequence and pattern of these changes throughout the course of @entity5 . METHOD: One hundred @entity0 , initially living at home with carers, entered a prospective, longitudinal study. At four-monthly intervals, behavioural and @entity2 symptoms were assessed using the Present Behavioural Examination and Mini-Mental State Examination. Follow-up continued for up to nine years (mean 3.3 years; s.d. 2.4). Patterns of onset and disappearance of these symptoms, their sequence and association with time of @entity4 and @entity1 were analysed. Autopsy confirmed a diagnosis of pure @entity3 in 48 subjects. Data for this subgroup are presented. RESULTS: Some changes tend to occur earlier than others but changes can occur at almost any time in the course of @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: The natural history of behaviour changes in @entity3 shows great individual variation although some changes tend to follow a recognisable sequence.

title: Natural history of behavioural changes and XXXX symptoms in @entity3 . A longitudinal study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity5 is a common complication of acute circulatory and @entity7 . We hypothesized that therapeutic interventions used routinely in intensive care can interfere with the perfusion of the gut and the liver, and thereby increase the risk of mismatch between @entity1 supply and demand. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: Interdisciplinary intensive care unit (ICU) of a university hospital. @entity0 : Thirty-six @entity0 on mechanical ventilation with acute respiratory or @entity6 or severe @entity4 were included. INTERVENTIONS: Insertion of a hepatic venous catheter. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Daily nursing procedures were recorded. A decrease of >or=5% in hepatic venous @entity1 saturation (Sho2) was considered relevant. Observation time was 64 (29-104) hours (median [interquartile range]). The ICU stay was 11 (8-15) days, and hospital mortality was 35%. The number of periods with procedures/ @entity0 was 170 (98-268), the number of procedure-related decreases in Sho2 was 29 (13-41), and the number of decreases in Sho2 unrelated to procedures was 9 (4-19). Accordingly, procedure-related Sho2 decreases occurred 11 (7-17) times per day. Median Sho2 decrease during the procedures was 7 (5-10)%, and median increase in the gradient between mixed and hepatic venous @entity1 saturation was 6 (4-9)%. Procedures that caused most Sho2 decreases were airway suctioning, assessment of level of sedation, and changing @entity0 ' position. Sho2 decreases were associated with small but significant increases in heart rate and intravascular pressures. Maximal Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores in the ICU correlated with the number of Sho2 decreases (r: .56; p < 0.001) and with the number of procedure-related Sho2 decreases (r: .60; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: @entity0 are exposed to repeated episodes of @entity2 during routine nursing procedures. More research is needed to examine the correlation, if any, between nursing procedures and @entity3 .

title: Increased splanchnic XXXX extraction because of routine nursing procedures.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study was to determine specific differences in @entity1 related symptoms in a group of subjects who were survivors of torture and displacement compared with a group of subjects who survived displacement as a consequence of state sponsored violence in Bosnia and Herzegovina. SUBJECTS: The subjects were divided in two groups of 50 adult survivors; one group comprising of 50 survivors of displacement and torture, the other group of 50 survivors of displacement who did not experience torture. The age range of the subjects was between 20 and 60. The groups were homogenous according to all other criteria. The exclusion criteria were prior @entity2 history and the experience of a loss of secondary family (spouse or @entity0 ). METHODS: All subjects were assessed using the standardized multidimensional instrument for symptom assessment, SCL 90-R (L.R.Derogatis, 1986). Mississippi Questionnaire, (Keane et al. 1988), was used for assessment of symptoms of @entity6 . Sociodemographic questionnaire designed by the authors was used for registering of the sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects. RESULTS: The results of our study show a statistically significant difference in @entity1 related symptoms between a group of subjects who were refugees with the experience of torture and a group of subjects who were refugees only. The symptoms of @entity6 are increased in survivors of torture to a degree that is statistically significant compared with the presence of @entity6 symptoms in a group of refugees. @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity7 , @entity8 , phobic symptoms, hostility, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid and @entity5 are present to a statistically higher degree in a group of refugees survivors of torture than in the group of refugees. There is also a statistically significant difference between the groups in socio-economic status in the period after the war. Refugees survivors of torture have significantly worse socio-economic situation, probably due to impairment in social functioning in these subjects.

title: Specific differences in XXXX related symptoms between the refugees survivors of torture and refugees of war.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: We describe a @entity0 who had precancerous @entity5 and a positive family history of multiple occurrences of early-onset @entity2 in her first-degree and second-degree relatives consistent with @entity2 . @entity2 diagnosis had not been made before her diagnosis of @entity3 with liver @entity1 . She died at age 20, leading to litigation. Controversies about standards of care, their malpractice implications, and pertinent legal issues are discussed. METHODS: Review of the medical and family history was made by the expert witness ( @entity8 ) with appropriate documentation of the chronology of symptoms, as derived from depositions. These documents revealed that the @entity0 's mother had repeatedly discussed with the caregivers her concern about the family history of @entity4 and the need for appropriate surveillance. RESULTS: The @entity0 's @entity5 progressed for a period of three years. Flexible sigmoidoscopy was performed by a nonphysician. The physician who ordered the procedure considered this appropriate because isolated @entity6 were reported in the @entity0 's father and paternal uncle, which apparently led him to believe that the diagnosis was @entity7 . During litigation procedures, a pedigree was constructed and found to be consistent with @entity2 . The case was settled in favor of the plaintiff before trial. CONCLUSION: It is essential to understand the natural history of @entity2 , inclusive of the need for surveillance colonoscopy in @entity0 at increased risk by virtue of their position in their family pedigree.

title: Failure to diagnose hereditary XXXX and its medicolegal implications: a @entity2 case.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: We describe a @entity0 who had precancerous @entity5 and a positive family history of multiple occurrences of early-onset @entity2 in her first-degree and second-degree relatives consistent with @entity2 . @entity2 diagnosis had not been made before her diagnosis of @entity3 with liver @entity1 . She died at age 20, leading to litigation. Controversies about standards of care, their malpractice implications, and pertinent legal issues are discussed. METHODS: Review of the medical and family history was made by the expert witness ( @entity8 ) with appropriate documentation of the chronology of symptoms, as derived from depositions. These documents revealed that the @entity0 's mother had repeatedly discussed with the caregivers her concern about the family history of @entity4 and the need for appropriate surveillance. RESULTS: The @entity0 's @entity5 progressed for a period of three years. Flexible sigmoidoscopy was performed by a nonphysician. The physician who ordered the procedure considered this appropriate because isolated @entity6 were reported in the @entity0 's father and paternal uncle, which apparently led him to believe that the diagnosis was @entity7 . During litigation procedures, a pedigree was constructed and found to be consistent with @entity2 . The case was settled in favor of the plaintiff before trial. CONCLUSION: It is essential to understand the natural history of @entity2 , inclusive of the need for surveillance colonoscopy in @entity0 at increased risk by virtue of their position in their family pedigree.

title: Failure to diagnose hereditary @entity2 and its medicolegal implications: a XXXX case.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6 is a rare disease characterized by mucinous @entity3 and associated with ruptured mucocele, @entity8 , and low-grade @entity1 arising from the appendix, ovaries, or colon. Metastases and extraperitoneal involvement are extremely rare events. METHOD: This is a case report of a @entity0 with @entity6 with @entity2 . RESULTS: A 38-year-old male @entity0 with a @entity6 from appendiceal origin underwent an extensive cytoreduction procedure. During the operation @entity2 was noted. This was later confirmed by thoracoscopy. An expectant policy was followed until the @entity0 became symptomatic with progressive disease in the abdomen and both @entity4 . With systemic chemotherapy ( @entity5 and @entity7 ), a good clinical response was obtained, and the @entity0 was alive with stable disease 2.5 years after the first diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Involvement of the @entity4 by @entity6 is rare and carries an unfavorable prognosis. Whenever possible, the same guidelines as for intra-abdominal disease should be followed: extensive cytoreductive procedures with local and/or systemic chemotherapy. In our @entity0 we hope to achieve a prolonged palliation with systemic chemotherapy.

title: XXXX in the @entity4 : report of a case.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity6 is a rare disease characterized by mucinous @entity3 and associated with ruptured mucocele, @entity8 , and low-grade @entity1 arising from the appendix, ovaries, or colon. Metastases and extraperitoneal involvement are extremely rare events. METHOD: This is a case report of a @entity0 with @entity6 with @entity2 . RESULTS: A 38-year-old male @entity0 with a @entity6 from appendiceal origin underwent an extensive cytoreduction procedure. During the operation @entity2 was noted. This was later confirmed by thoracoscopy. An expectant policy was followed until the @entity0 became symptomatic with progressive disease in the abdomen and both @entity4 . With systemic chemotherapy ( @entity5 and @entity7 ), a good clinical response was obtained, and the @entity0 was alive with stable disease 2.5 years after the first diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Involvement of the @entity4 by @entity6 is rare and carries an unfavorable prognosis. Whenever possible, the same guidelines as for intra-abdominal disease should be followed: extensive cytoreductive procedures with local and/or systemic chemotherapy. In our @entity0 we hope to achieve a prolonged palliation with systemic chemotherapy.

title: @entity6 in the XXXX : report of a case.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Despite reports that i.v. melphalan is active in the settings of conditioning regimens utilizing high-dose chemotherapy for autologous bone marrow transplantation and in isolated limb perfusion for the treatment of @entity2 , its activity at conventional doses has never been defined in this disease. We conducted a phase II study of conventional-dose i.v. @entity3 (30 mg/m2) in 17 @entity0 with @entity2 . All @entity0 were previously untreated with chemotherapy with performance status 0, 1 or 2. Forty-seven cycles were given with a median of two cycles. One @entity0 was not evaluable due to @entity1 . There were no responses in the 16 @entity0 , resulting in a 0% response rate (95% confidence interval = 0-17%). We conclude that conventional-dose melphalan by i.v. administration has no appreciable activity in @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 .

title: Conventional dose melphalan is inactive in XXXX : results of an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study (E1687).

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study was undertaken to assess cell proliferation in FNAs from a series of 57 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 11 cases of reactive @entity4 using Ki-67 staining and flow cytometry (FCM). The results were compared and correlated to the cytomorphological subgrouping according to Kiel classification. The mean percentages of Ki-67 positivity were 16.6% and 61.1% for low and high @entity1 , respectively (P < 0.001). The mean S-phase fraction (SPF) determined by FCM was 4.61% for low grade and 12.9% for high @entity1 (P < 0.001). The figures for Ki-67 positivity and S-phase fraction in reactive @entity4 were 16.8% and 40%, respectively. We observed a strong correlation in low @entity1 between Ki-67 and SPF. A good correlation was also found in reactive @entity4 . In high @entity1 , however, with highly scattered Ki-67 and S-phase values, this correlation was lost. In some cases this discrepancy can be explained by a rich admixture of non-neoplastic, non-proliferating cells in aspirates from @entity0 . In addition, the existence of a minor @entity0 cell population of high proliferation such as that in @entity3 will not be accurately analysed by FCM but is easily assessed by Ki-67 staining. However, the main reason seems to be a high variability between the fraction of cells in S-phase and the total number of cells in G1, S and G2 in individual @entity0 .

title: Assessment of cell proliferation by Ki-67 staining and flow cytometry in fine needle aspirates (FNAs) of reactive XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: This study was undertaken to assess cell proliferation in FNAs from a series of 57 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 11 cases of reactive @entity4 using Ki-67 staining and flow cytometry (FCM). The results were compared and correlated to the cytomorphological subgrouping according to Kiel classification. The mean percentages of Ki-67 positivity were 16.6% and 61.1% for low and high @entity1 , respectively (P < 0.001). The mean S-phase fraction (SPF) determined by FCM was 4.61% for low grade and 12.9% for high @entity1 (P < 0.001). The figures for Ki-67 positivity and S-phase fraction in reactive @entity4 were 16.8% and 40%, respectively. We observed a strong correlation in low @entity1 between Ki-67 and SPF. A good correlation was also found in reactive @entity4 . In high @entity1 , however, with highly scattered Ki-67 and S-phase values, this correlation was lost. In some cases this discrepancy can be explained by a rich admixture of non-neoplastic, non-proliferating cells in aspirates from @entity0 . In addition, the existence of a minor @entity0 cell population of high proliferation such as that in @entity3 will not be accurately analysed by FCM but is easily assessed by Ki-67 staining. However, the main reason seems to be a high variability between the fraction of cells in S-phase and the total number of cells in G1, S and G2 in individual @entity0 .

title: Assessment of cell proliferation by Ki-67 staining and flow cytometry in fine needle aspirates (FNAs) of reactive @entity4 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify pre-treatment predictors of who will benefit from a 3-4-week comprehensive rehabilitation intervention in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of the knee or hip. METHODS: A prospective cohort study with assessments at admission to the clinic and after 6 months was conducted. Two hundred and fifty @entity0 from the rehabilitation clinic Rehaclinic Zurzach, Switzerland, were included. Three different measures of response to a 3-4-week comprehensive rehabilitation intervention were used: one indirect measure ( @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities @entity2 Index (WOMAC) global score=18% improvement), one direct measure (transition question) and a combination of both criteria. Responders were predicted by a sequential logistic regression analysis with nine personal variables, five lifestyle risk factors, seven psychological status variables and the WOMAC global baseline score. RESULTS: The set of statistically significant predictors was dependent on the definition of response. The comparison of predictors that were statistically significant in any of the prediction models showed similar odds ratios (ORs) for the majority of predictors across three regression models with the @entity4 as dependent variable. Female gender, absence of @entity1 ( @entity1 ), history of complementary medicine (cm) and low comorbidity (com) were the most stable predictors and had ORs above 2.0 (female) and above 1.5 ( @entity1 , cm, com) across the three regression models with @entity4 . CONCLUSION: A set of predictors for the outcome of rehabilitation in @entity0 with @entity2 was identified. If these predictors could be confirmed in future research, this knowledge might help to adopt and individualize the treatment of @entity0 who are, at present, less likely to respond.

title: Predictors for response to rehabilitation in XXXX with hip or knee osteoarthritis: a comparison of logistic regression models with three different definitions of responder.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Vitiligo is an acquired loss of pigmentation and its treatment remains very difficult up to date. Narrow band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) and topical immunomodulators are included among the most innovative @entity3 . We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of NB-UVB, topical @entity4 and @entity2 in the treatment of @entity3 . Adult @entity0 with chronic and stable @entity3 refractory to conventional therapies were enrolled in an open parallel groups study. The @entity0 were scheduled on the basis of a computer-generated randomization into three groups: 13 @entity0 received NB-UVB phototherapy 3 times a week, 15 @entity0 were treated with @entity4 1% cream b.i.d. and 16 @entity0 applied @entity2 0.1% ointment b.i.d. All three treatment regimens were performed for 24 weeks. At baseline and every three weeks for the whole period of therapy the @entity0 were examined through digital photographs and, at the end of the study, based on the percentage of repigmentation, treatment outcome was classified as "absent" (0), "slight" (< 25%), mild (25-49%), "moderate" (50-74%), and "excellent" (> 75%). During the whole period of the study, possible side effects were recorded. The response to treatments varied according to the anatomical location of the lesions. No statistically significant differences in repigmentation for any anatomical site were recorded with the three treatments. The best results were obtained for lesions of the face with @entity4 cream and @entity2 ointment and of the neck with NB-UVB. Statistically significant differences in repigmentation between photo-exposed and covered skin areas were recorded although the @entity0 were asked to avoid direct UV exposition and to apply a very high protection sun screen on @entity1 . All three treatments should be considered as a good option in the treatment of @entity3 . NB-UVB irradiation may represent the optimal choice in generalized @entity3 with topical immunomodulators in localized @entity3 .

title: An open randomized study to compare narrow band UVB, topical XXXX and topical @entity2 in the treatment of @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Vitiligo is an acquired loss of pigmentation and its treatment remains very difficult up to date. Narrow band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) and topical immunomodulators are included among the most innovative @entity3 . We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of NB-UVB, topical @entity4 and @entity2 in the treatment of @entity3 . Adult @entity0 with chronic and stable @entity3 refractory to conventional therapies were enrolled in an open parallel groups study. The @entity0 were scheduled on the basis of a computer-generated randomization into three groups: 13 @entity0 received NB-UVB phototherapy 3 times a week, 15 @entity0 were treated with @entity4 1% cream b.i.d. and 16 @entity0 applied @entity2 0.1% ointment b.i.d. All three treatment regimens were performed for 24 weeks. At baseline and every three weeks for the whole period of therapy the @entity0 were examined through digital photographs and, at the end of the study, based on the percentage of repigmentation, treatment outcome was classified as "absent" (0), "slight" (< 25%), mild (25-49%), "moderate" (50-74%), and "excellent" (> 75%). During the whole period of the study, possible side effects were recorded. The response to treatments varied according to the anatomical location of the lesions. No statistically significant differences in repigmentation for any anatomical site were recorded with the three treatments. The best results were obtained for lesions of the face with @entity4 cream and @entity2 ointment and of the neck with NB-UVB. Statistically significant differences in repigmentation between photo-exposed and covered skin areas were recorded although the @entity0 were asked to avoid direct UV exposition and to apply a very high protection sun screen on @entity1 . All three treatments should be considered as a good option in the treatment of @entity3 . NB-UVB irradiation may represent the optimal choice in generalized @entity3 with topical immunomodulators in localized @entity3 .

title: An open randomized study to compare narrow band UVB, topical @entity4 and topical @entity2 in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Vitiligo is an acquired loss of pigmentation and its treatment remains very difficult up to date. Narrow band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) and topical immunomodulators are included among the most innovative @entity3 . We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of NB-UVB, topical @entity4 and @entity2 in the treatment of @entity3 . Adult @entity0 with chronic and stable @entity3 refractory to conventional therapies were enrolled in an open parallel groups study. The @entity0 were scheduled on the basis of a computer-generated randomization into three groups: 13 @entity0 received NB-UVB phototherapy 3 times a week, 15 @entity0 were treated with @entity4 1% cream b.i.d. and 16 @entity0 applied @entity2 0.1% ointment b.i.d. All three treatment regimens were performed for 24 weeks. At baseline and every three weeks for the whole period of therapy the @entity0 were examined through digital photographs and, at the end of the study, based on the percentage of repigmentation, treatment outcome was classified as "absent" (0), "slight" (< 25%), mild (25-49%), "moderate" (50-74%), and "excellent" (> 75%). During the whole period of the study, possible side effects were recorded. The response to treatments varied according to the anatomical location of the lesions. No statistically significant differences in repigmentation for any anatomical site were recorded with the three treatments. The best results were obtained for lesions of the face with @entity4 cream and @entity2 ointment and of the neck with NB-UVB. Statistically significant differences in repigmentation between photo-exposed and covered skin areas were recorded although the @entity0 were asked to avoid direct UV exposition and to apply a very high protection sun screen on @entity1 . All three treatments should be considered as a good option in the treatment of @entity3 . NB-UVB irradiation may represent the optimal choice in generalized @entity3 with topical immunomodulators in localized @entity3 .

title: An open randomized study to compare narrow band UVB, topical @entity4 and topical XXXX in the treatment of @entity3 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Antibodies to infliximab reduce serum infliximab with loss of clinical benefit, but undetectable trough serum concentrations of infliximab may occur without antibody formation. The relationship between trough serum infliximab and clinical outcomes was evaluated in @entity1 . METHODS: In a cohort of 115 @entity0 with @entity1 treated with three-dose induction followed by scheduled maintenance infliximab, rates of clinical remission, colectomy, antibodies to infliximab and trough serum infliximab were determined. RESULTS: Rates of remission were 32% at week 10 and 37% at week 54. Colectomy occurred in 40% of @entity0 , at a median of 5.3 (IQR 1.9-12.1) months. Detectable trough serum infliximab was present in 39% of @entity0 and, among @entity0 with undetectable infliximab, 41% were antibody positive and 20% were antibody negative. For antibody-positive and antibody-negative @entity0 , rates of remission (18% vs 14%), endoscopic improvement (25% vs 35%) and colectomy (52% vs 59%) were not different. A detectable serum infliximab was associated with higher rates of remission (69% vs 15%; p<0.001) and endoscopic improvement (76% vs 28%, p<0.001). An undetectable serum infliximab predicted an increased risk for colectomy (55% vs 7%, OR 9.3; 95% CI 2.9 to 29.9; p<0.001). Concurrent immunosuppression was not associated with clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: For @entity0 with @entity1 treated with infliximab, a detectable trough serum infliximab predicts clinical remission, endoscopic improvement and a lower risk for colectomy. An undetectable trough serum infliximab, irrespective of antibody status, is associated with less favourable outcomes.

title: Trough serum infliximab: a predictive factor of clinical outcome for infliximab treatment in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Endoscopic surveillance of @entity3 uses random biopsies to find @entity4 fields. Enhanced endoscopic methods are more sensitive for @entity2 detection, but their specificity for @entity0 risk is unknown. AIMS: To develop a mathematical model of the sensitivity of random biopsy surveillance, and determine the implications of negative, a single positive, or multiple positive biopsies for @entity2 , and compare the detection threshold to that detectable by enhanced endoscopy. METHODS: Using mathematical modelling, we calculated the confidence level with which @entity2 can be excluded, the @entity4 field size detection threshold, the predicted area of a @entity4 field, and the number of biopsies needed for a given @entity2 detection threshold and confidence level. RESULTS: 32 random biopsies provide only 80% confidence that @entity2 involving > or =5% of the colon can be detected. When a single biopsy of 18 is @entity4 , this predicts a @entity4 area (89 cm(2)) several orders of magnitude greater than @entity4 fields that are readily detectable by enhanced endoscopy (1 cm diameter), and the predicted field size increases rapidly with multiple positive biopsies. CONCLUSIONS: Random biopsy surveillance is sufficiently sensitive to detect large @entity4 fields with significant @entity0 risk. Enhanced endoscopy can detect much smaller @entity4 fields, but these have unknown (perhaps much lower) @entity0 risk. Small @entity4 fields should not be assumed to indicate a high @entity0 risk that warrants colectomy. Prospective studies are needed to define the @entity0 risk and optimal management of small @entity1 .

title: Modelling XXXX detection in ulcerative colitis: clinical implications of surveillance intensity.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the outcome of treatment in @entity0 with @entity2 and to define the risk factors for recurrence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-one @entity0 with @entity2 were reviewed retrospectively. Survival time and survival rate were obtained. Risk factors such as stage, histological type, and type of operation were evaluated for reccurrence. RESULTS: Twenty-three (56%) had @entity9 , eight (19.5%) had mixed @entity8 , three (7.3%) had @entity7 , three (7.3%) had @entity3 teratomas, two (4.8%) had @entity5 arising from a mature @entity3 , one (2.4%) had @entity4 and one @entity6 . Most of the cases (73%) were in Stage I. Twenty-nine @entity0 (70.7%) underwent conservative surgery and 12 @entity0 (29.3%) had at least bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy. Thirty @entity0 were operated on optimally with surgical staging and 11 suboptimally. Seven @entity0 (17%) had recurrence after remission. The overall survival time was 187 +/- 8.43 months for all cases, 195 +/- 8.49 for @entity9 and 161 +/- 10.96 for non- @entity9 cases with a median follow-up time of 98.52 (8-204) months. Non- @entity9 histologic type, being operated on suboptimally and radically, and advanced @entity1 stage have been found to be risk factors for recurrence. CONCLUSION: Regardless of histologic types and stages the prognosis of @entity8 are satisfactory with current therapeutic strategies.

title: XXXX of the ovary: a review of 41 cases and risk factors for recurrence.

answer: @entity8


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Information on @entity3 incidence and mortality is essential for determining the efficacy of the health system's @entity1 prevention activities; however, in Cuba, sufficient data related to @entity3 are lacking, particularly at the local level. OBJECTIVE: Describe @entity3 incidence, mortality and case fatality rates from January 2007 through December 2008 in @entity0 aged 45-74 in the municipality of Santa Clara, Villa Clara Province, Cuba. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted. The World Health Organization MONItoring Trends and Determinants in @entity1 Project (MONICA) methodology was used, but only in part, since out-of-hospital case fatalities were not investigated, resulting in insufficient data for such cases. Cases of @entity3 covered under MONICA definition 1 were included ( @entity4 , fatal possible, and unclassifiable @entity2 ). Hospitalized @entity0 were followed for 28 days. Incidence, mortality and case fatality rates in the population were calculated by age group (45-54, 55-64 and 65-74 years) and sex. Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated using the direct method, with the world population as a reference. RESULTS: A total of 482 cases of @entity3 were registered. The percentage of cases of @entity4 , fatal possible and fatal with insufficient data were 32%, 18.3%, 26.3% and 13.9% respectively. The cumulative age-standardized incidence per 100,000 population was 433 (95% CI 365-501) in @entity0 and 195 (95% CI 152-237) in @entity0 , while mortality per 100,000 population was 242 (95% CI 192-292) in @entity0 and 120 (95% CI 87-153) in @entity0 . Case fatality was 56.4% in @entity0 and 62.6% in @entity0 . Most fatal cases (65.6%) occurred out of hospital, a trend that was more marked in @entity0 (73.9%) than in @entity0 (51%). CONCLUSIONS: Case fatality from @entity3 in Santa Clara residents was high, especially in @entity0 . Two thirds of fatalities occurred out of hospital, a higher proportion of these @entity2 in @entity0 . It is recommended that the AMI registry be completed by investigating out-of-hospital case fatalities with insufficient data; expanding it to include the 35-44 age group; and that the supply of cardiac marker enzyme immunoassay test kits in Santa Clara be stabilized.

title: Acute XXXX incidence, mortality and case fatality in Santa Clara, Cuba, 2007-2008.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether an association occurred between the @entity3 @entity4 polymorphism and nonsyndromic @entity2 with or without @entity1 ( @entity1 ) or @entity1 only (CPO) in Chinese @entity0 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Case-controlled study at the West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China. SUBJECTS: A total of 91 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 96 unrelated, healthy individuals with no family history of @entity2 were genotyped. METHODS: The @entity3 @entity4 polymorphism was genotyped by restriction digestion of polymerase chain reaction products with BseLI. Chi-square statistics were used to make case-controlled comparisons. RESULTS: The frequency of the A allele was significantly increased and the frequency of the G allele was reduced in CPO @entity0 in comparison with control subjects. The 820GG genotype had a significantly lower frequency in @entity0 with CPO than in controls, with an odds ratio of 0.25 (95% confidence interval, -0.061 to 0.57). No difference in the distribution of genotypes was noted between @entity1 @entity0 and the total group of @entity2 @entity0 compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that the 820A allele is more frequent in the Chinese CPO population and may confer an increased risk for CPO in these individuals. The @entity4 variant may be in linkage disequilibrium with other disorder-causing mutations. @entity1 or CPO results should be analyzed separately and stratified in future studies.

title: Association analysis between the @entity3 @entity4 polymorphism and nonsyndromic @entity2 and/or XXXX in a Chinese population.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether an association occurred between the @entity3 @entity4 polymorphism and nonsyndromic @entity2 with or without @entity1 ( @entity1 ) or @entity1 only (CPO) in Chinese @entity0 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Case-controlled study at the West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China. SUBJECTS: A total of 91 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 96 unrelated, healthy individuals with no family history of @entity2 were genotyped. METHODS: The @entity3 @entity4 polymorphism was genotyped by restriction digestion of polymerase chain reaction products with BseLI. Chi-square statistics were used to make case-controlled comparisons. RESULTS: The frequency of the A allele was significantly increased and the frequency of the G allele was reduced in CPO @entity0 in comparison with control subjects. The 820GG genotype had a significantly lower frequency in @entity0 with CPO than in controls, with an odds ratio of 0.25 (95% confidence interval, -0.061 to 0.57). No difference in the distribution of genotypes was noted between @entity1 @entity0 and the total group of @entity2 @entity0 compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that the 820A allele is more frequent in the Chinese CPO population and may confer an increased risk for CPO in these individuals. The @entity4 variant may be in linkage disequilibrium with other disorder-causing mutations. @entity1 or CPO results should be analyzed separately and stratified in future studies.

title: Association analysis between the @entity3 @entity4 polymorphism and nonsyndromic XXXX and/or @entity1 in a Chinese population.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether an association occurred between the @entity3 @entity4 polymorphism and nonsyndromic @entity2 with or without @entity1 ( @entity1 ) or @entity1 only (CPO) in Chinese @entity0 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Case-controlled study at the West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China. SUBJECTS: A total of 91 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 96 unrelated, healthy individuals with no family history of @entity2 were genotyped. METHODS: The @entity3 @entity4 polymorphism was genotyped by restriction digestion of polymerase chain reaction products with BseLI. Chi-square statistics were used to make case-controlled comparisons. RESULTS: The frequency of the A allele was significantly increased and the frequency of the G allele was reduced in CPO @entity0 in comparison with control subjects. The 820GG genotype had a significantly lower frequency in @entity0 with CPO than in controls, with an odds ratio of 0.25 (95% confidence interval, -0.061 to 0.57). No difference in the distribution of genotypes was noted between @entity1 @entity0 and the total group of @entity2 @entity0 compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that the 820A allele is more frequent in the Chinese CPO population and may confer an increased risk for CPO in these individuals. The @entity4 variant may be in linkage disequilibrium with other disorder-causing mutations. @entity1 or CPO results should be analyzed separately and stratified in future studies.

title: Association analysis between the @entity3 XXXX polymorphism and nonsyndromic @entity2 and/or @entity1 in a Chinese population.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether an association occurred between the @entity3 @entity4 polymorphism and nonsyndromic @entity2 with or without @entity1 ( @entity1 ) or @entity1 only (CPO) in Chinese @entity0 . DESIGN AND SETTING: Case-controlled study at the West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China. SUBJECTS: A total of 91 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and 96 unrelated, healthy individuals with no family history of @entity2 were genotyped. METHODS: The @entity3 @entity4 polymorphism was genotyped by restriction digestion of polymerase chain reaction products with BseLI. Chi-square statistics were used to make case-controlled comparisons. RESULTS: The frequency of the A allele was significantly increased and the frequency of the G allele was reduced in CPO @entity0 in comparison with control subjects. The 820GG genotype had a significantly lower frequency in @entity0 with CPO than in controls, with an odds ratio of 0.25 (95% confidence interval, -0.061 to 0.57). No difference in the distribution of genotypes was noted between @entity1 @entity0 and the total group of @entity2 @entity0 compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: The present findings indicate that the 820A allele is more frequent in the Chinese CPO population and may confer an increased risk for CPO in these individuals. The @entity4 variant may be in linkage disequilibrium with other disorder-causing mutations. @entity1 or CPO results should be analyzed separately and stratified in future studies.

title: Association analysis between the XXXX @entity4 polymorphism and nonsyndromic @entity2 and/or @entity1 in a Chinese population.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The reduction in the incidence of @entity0 in @entity1 treated with adjuvant @entity4 provided a model for prevention using endocrine agents. @entity7 -receptor-positive @entity3 can be prevented with @entity4 , but side effects limit its clinical utility, and the risk-benefit ratio is not sufficiently high to routinely recommend @entity4 as a preventive agent. Agents being evaluated in prevention trials include @entity5 and the aromatase inhibitors; these are expected to be at least as effective as @entity4 and to have fewer side effects. Core needle biopsy (providing histological information) and high-resolution breast ultrasound enhance preoperative assessment of @entity0 . Mammography remains the only screening test shown to reduce @entity0 deaths in randomised trials. Magnetic resonance imaging may have a role in screening @entity1 with inherited mutations of the @entity0 genes. Sentinel lymph node biopsy accurately assesses lymph node status and is associated with less morbidity than axillary dissection. Where the biopsy is negative (no histologic evidence of @entity2 ), no further axillary treatment is necessary. Breast reconstruction after mastectomy can produce good cosmetic results, especially where autologous tissue is used. Myocutaneous flaps using latissimus dorsi or transverse rectus abdominus muscles are increasingly popular. Adjuvant trastuzumab therapy in @entity1 whose @entity3 overexpress @entity6 (growth factor receptor) can reduce recurrence rates and improve survival. Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (as an initial treatment before surgery) is an underutilised treatment in postmenopausal @entity1 with @entity7 -receptor-positive large operable or locally advanced @entity3 . It makes more @entity1 suitable for surgery and offers others the choice of breast conservation.

title: The prevention, detection, and management of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Distraction osteogenesis creates a challenging bone-healing environment with protracted demand for cells of the osteoblast lineage. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is an osteoblast mitogen and chemotaxin that has been shown to accelerate and/or enhance bone-healing in several preclinical studies. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether recombinant @entity0 platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) would have a similar effect on regenerate healing after distraction osteogenesis. METHODS: Unilateral 7-mm mid-diaphyseal femoral lengthening procedures were performed in eighty-three male @entity1 that were separated into five experimental groups. During the distraction period (Days 7 to 28), each animal received a weekly 50-microL injection of either @entity3 buffer, @entity2 collagen dissolved in @entity3 buffer, or one of three concentrations of rhPDGF-BB (100, 300, or 1000 microg/mL) into the distraction site. Animals from each group were killed on Days 35, 42, 49, 56, and 63. Healing was assessed with biweekly serial radiographs, micro-computed tomography of the explanted bones, and histologic analysis. RESULTS: rhPDGF-BB treatment significantly increased new-bone formation at the midconsolidation time points (Days 42, 49, and 56) as well as the union rate. On Day 49 regenerate bone volume was significantly greater in each of the three rhPDGF-BB-treated groups than in the controls (p < 0.05, p = 0.0002, and p < 0.05 for the 100, 300, and 1000 microg/mL rhPDGF-BB groups, respectively), whereas on Day 42 regenerate bone volume was significantly greater in the 300 and 1000 microg/mL rhPDGF-BB groups than in the controls (p = 0.0002 and p < 0.05, respectively) and on Day 56 regenerate bone volume was significantly greater in the 100 and 300 microg/mL rhPDGF-BB groups than in the controls (p < 0.05 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The overall union rate was 40.4% (nineteen of forty-seven) in the rhPDGF-BB-treated animals, compared with 4.5% (one of twenty-two) in the controls (p = 0.01). The radiographic and histologic results were consistent with new-bone formation as quantified by micro-computed tomography, although they were less definitive. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of exogenous rhPDGF-BB into the distraction site during diaphyseal distraction enhanced bone-healing in a @entity1 model of distraction osteogenesis as evidenced by both increased regenerate new-bone formation and a higher union rate.

title: Recombinant XXXX platelet-derived growth factor-BB augmentation of new-bone formation in a @entity1 model of distraction osteogenesis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Distraction osteogenesis creates a challenging bone-healing environment with protracted demand for cells of the osteoblast lineage. Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is an osteoblast mitogen and chemotaxin that has been shown to accelerate and/or enhance bone-healing in several preclinical studies. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether recombinant @entity0 platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB) would have a similar effect on regenerate healing after distraction osteogenesis. METHODS: Unilateral 7-mm mid-diaphyseal femoral lengthening procedures were performed in eighty-three male @entity1 that were separated into five experimental groups. During the distraction period (Days 7 to 28), each animal received a weekly 50-microL injection of either @entity3 buffer, @entity2 collagen dissolved in @entity3 buffer, or one of three concentrations of rhPDGF-BB (100, 300, or 1000 microg/mL) into the distraction site. Animals from each group were killed on Days 35, 42, 49, 56, and 63. Healing was assessed with biweekly serial radiographs, micro-computed tomography of the explanted bones, and histologic analysis. RESULTS: rhPDGF-BB treatment significantly increased new-bone formation at the midconsolidation time points (Days 42, 49, and 56) as well as the union rate. On Day 49 regenerate bone volume was significantly greater in each of the three rhPDGF-BB-treated groups than in the controls (p < 0.05, p = 0.0002, and p < 0.05 for the 100, 300, and 1000 microg/mL rhPDGF-BB groups, respectively), whereas on Day 42 regenerate bone volume was significantly greater in the 300 and 1000 microg/mL rhPDGF-BB groups than in the controls (p = 0.0002 and p < 0.05, respectively) and on Day 56 regenerate bone volume was significantly greater in the 100 and 300 microg/mL rhPDGF-BB groups than in the controls (p < 0.05 and p < 0.0001, respectively). The overall union rate was 40.4% (nineteen of forty-seven) in the rhPDGF-BB-treated animals, compared with 4.5% (one of twenty-two) in the controls (p = 0.01). The radiographic and histologic results were consistent with new-bone formation as quantified by micro-computed tomography, although they were less definitive. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of exogenous rhPDGF-BB into the distraction site during diaphyseal distraction enhanced bone-healing in a @entity1 model of distraction osteogenesis as evidenced by both increased regenerate new-bone formation and a higher union rate.

title: Recombinant @entity0 platelet-derived growth factor-BB augmentation of new-bone formation in a XXXX model of distraction osteogenesis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Endocervical @entity3 are rare and aggressive @entity1 . Papillary serous endocervical @entity3 are the rarest form of endocervical @entity3 . This @entity1 exhibits morphologic similarities to its counterparts commonly seen in the endometrium, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and peritoneum, which are known to have an @entity2 . Because of the rarity of this @entity1 , little is known about its immunophenotyping. In this study, we included ten cases of @entity7 arising from the uterine cervix (PSCC) diagnosed in the absence of a primary @entity8 . We studied their immunohistochemical profile, using a panel of antibodies against Ki67, @entity4 , @entity6 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity9 , and compared them to 20 consecutive cases of cervical @entity3 of conventional cell subtypes (CAC) (15 mucinous, 3 adenosquamous, and 2 endometrioid). Immunostaining was recorded semiquantitatively. @entity0 with PSCC ranged in age from 27 to 79 years (mean = 51.6 +/- 19.1), while the conventional cell subtypes control group were 28-90 years old (mean = 47.5 +/- 16.9). Only @entity6 and @entity5 immunostaining significantly correlated with the PSCC morphology (P= 0.001 and P= 0.016, respectively) as shown by Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel Statistics (Modified Ridit Scores). PSCC is a distinctive immunophenotypic subtype of @entity3 with significantly higher @entity6 and lower @entity5 reactivity than other more common histologic subtypes.

title: Immunohistochemical characterization of endocervical XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Despite decades of research and the availability of effective analgesic approaches, many @entity0 continue to experience moderate to severe @entity1 after surgery. Greater research efforts are needed to identify the factors that impede effective @entity1 management. Despite the fact that a variety of research and clinical studies on all aspects of @entity1 have been conducted in many countries, the factors affecting @entity1 management have not been completely identified. AIM: To identify nurses' experiences and perceptions about the barriers to @entity2 management. METHODS: A qualitative approach was adopted using content analysis of semi-structured interviews carried out with 26 Iranian registered nurses from three large educational hospitals in Tehran city. The data were analysed using constant comparative method. FINDINGS: Ninety-three primary codes were achieved. Four main themes emerged from the data. From the @entity0 ' points of view, 'lack of educational preparation', 'nurses' limited authority', 'limited nurse- @entity0 relationship', and 'disturbances in @entity1 management interventions' are considered barriers to @entity1 management. CONCLUSION: The conclusion embraces implications for clinical practice to improve the knowledge of nurses and nursing manager and insight in @entity2 management. Clearly, programmes for change must address not only knowledge improvement, but also the wider complex influences on barriers to @entity1 management.

title: Nurses' experiences and perceptions of influencing barriers to XXXX management.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Modulation of inhibitory @entity6 receptors by @entity2 ( @entity9 ) and endogenous redox agents such as @entity4 may alter inhibition in the @entity0 brain. Despite the abundance of @entity9 in the hippocampus and its ability to modulate @entity6 receptors, few studies have examined @entity9 modulation of hippocampal @entity6 receptors. Whether redox agents modulate hippocampal @entity6 receptors also remains unknown. This study examined @entity9 and redox modulation of @entity6 receptor-mediated currents in cultured embryonic @entity1 hippocampal neurons using whole-cell recordings. @entity9 concentrations below 10 microM potentiated currents elicited by low @entity6 , @entity12 , and @entity5 concentrations by 300-400%. @entity9 concentrations above 300 microM produced nearly complete inhibition. Potentiating @entity9 concentrations shifted the dose-response curves for the three agonists to the left and decreased the Hill coefficient for @entity6 and @entity12 but not @entity5 . Inhibiting @entity9 concentrations shifted the dose-response curves for @entity6 and @entity12 to the right but reduced the maximum @entity5 response. @entity7 residues may participate in potentiation because @entity13 and pH 5.4 diminished @entity9 enhancement of @entity6 currents. pH 5.4 diminished @entity9 block of @entity6 currents, but @entity13 did not. These findings indicate that separate sites mediate @entity9 potentiation and inhibition. The redox agents @entity4 , @entity8 , @entity14 , and @entity10 did not alter @entity6 currents by a redox mechanism. However, @entity4 and @entity8 interfered with the effects of @entity9 on @entity6 currents by chelating it. @entity11 had similar effects. Thus, @entity9 and @entity3 containing redox agents that chelate @entity9 modulate hippocampal @entity6 receptors with the mechanism of @entity9 modulation being agonist dependent.

title: Modulation of inhibitory @entity6 receptors in cultured embryonic @entity1 hippocampal neurons by XXXX , @entity3 containing redox agents and @entity11 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Modulation of inhibitory @entity6 receptors by @entity2 ( @entity9 ) and endogenous redox agents such as @entity4 may alter inhibition in the @entity0 brain. Despite the abundance of @entity9 in the hippocampus and its ability to modulate @entity6 receptors, few studies have examined @entity9 modulation of hippocampal @entity6 receptors. Whether redox agents modulate hippocampal @entity6 receptors also remains unknown. This study examined @entity9 and redox modulation of @entity6 receptor-mediated currents in cultured embryonic @entity1 hippocampal neurons using whole-cell recordings. @entity9 concentrations below 10 microM potentiated currents elicited by low @entity6 , @entity12 , and @entity5 concentrations by 300-400%. @entity9 concentrations above 300 microM produced nearly complete inhibition. Potentiating @entity9 concentrations shifted the dose-response curves for the three agonists to the left and decreased the Hill coefficient for @entity6 and @entity12 but not @entity5 . Inhibiting @entity9 concentrations shifted the dose-response curves for @entity6 and @entity12 to the right but reduced the maximum @entity5 response. @entity7 residues may participate in potentiation because @entity13 and pH 5.4 diminished @entity9 enhancement of @entity6 currents. pH 5.4 diminished @entity9 block of @entity6 currents, but @entity13 did not. These findings indicate that separate sites mediate @entity9 potentiation and inhibition. The redox agents @entity4 , @entity8 , @entity14 , and @entity10 did not alter @entity6 currents by a redox mechanism. However, @entity4 and @entity8 interfered with the effects of @entity9 on @entity6 currents by chelating it. @entity11 had similar effects. Thus, @entity9 and @entity3 containing redox agents that chelate @entity9 modulate hippocampal @entity6 receptors with the mechanism of @entity9 modulation being agonist dependent.

title: Modulation of inhibitory @entity6 receptors in cultured embryonic @entity1 hippocampal neurons by @entity2 , XXXX containing redox agents and @entity11 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Modulation of inhibitory @entity6 receptors by @entity2 ( @entity9 ) and endogenous redox agents such as @entity4 may alter inhibition in the @entity0 brain. Despite the abundance of @entity9 in the hippocampus and its ability to modulate @entity6 receptors, few studies have examined @entity9 modulation of hippocampal @entity6 receptors. Whether redox agents modulate hippocampal @entity6 receptors also remains unknown. This study examined @entity9 and redox modulation of @entity6 receptor-mediated currents in cultured embryonic @entity1 hippocampal neurons using whole-cell recordings. @entity9 concentrations below 10 microM potentiated currents elicited by low @entity6 , @entity12 , and @entity5 concentrations by 300-400%. @entity9 concentrations above 300 microM produced nearly complete inhibition. Potentiating @entity9 concentrations shifted the dose-response curves for the three agonists to the left and decreased the Hill coefficient for @entity6 and @entity12 but not @entity5 . Inhibiting @entity9 concentrations shifted the dose-response curves for @entity6 and @entity12 to the right but reduced the maximum @entity5 response. @entity7 residues may participate in potentiation because @entity13 and pH 5.4 diminished @entity9 enhancement of @entity6 currents. pH 5.4 diminished @entity9 block of @entity6 currents, but @entity13 did not. These findings indicate that separate sites mediate @entity9 potentiation and inhibition. The redox agents @entity4 , @entity8 , @entity14 , and @entity10 did not alter @entity6 currents by a redox mechanism. However, @entity4 and @entity8 interfered with the effects of @entity9 on @entity6 currents by chelating it. @entity11 had similar effects. Thus, @entity9 and @entity3 containing redox agents that chelate @entity9 modulate hippocampal @entity6 receptors with the mechanism of @entity9 modulation being agonist dependent.

title: Modulation of inhibitory XXXX receptors in cultured embryonic @entity1 hippocampal neurons by @entity2 , @entity3 containing redox agents and @entity11 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Modulation of inhibitory @entity6 receptors by @entity2 ( @entity9 ) and endogenous redox agents such as @entity4 may alter inhibition in the @entity0 brain. Despite the abundance of @entity9 in the hippocampus and its ability to modulate @entity6 receptors, few studies have examined @entity9 modulation of hippocampal @entity6 receptors. Whether redox agents modulate hippocampal @entity6 receptors also remains unknown. This study examined @entity9 and redox modulation of @entity6 receptor-mediated currents in cultured embryonic @entity1 hippocampal neurons using whole-cell recordings. @entity9 concentrations below 10 microM potentiated currents elicited by low @entity6 , @entity12 , and @entity5 concentrations by 300-400%. @entity9 concentrations above 300 microM produced nearly complete inhibition. Potentiating @entity9 concentrations shifted the dose-response curves for the three agonists to the left and decreased the Hill coefficient for @entity6 and @entity12 but not @entity5 . Inhibiting @entity9 concentrations shifted the dose-response curves for @entity6 and @entity12 to the right but reduced the maximum @entity5 response. @entity7 residues may participate in potentiation because @entity13 and pH 5.4 diminished @entity9 enhancement of @entity6 currents. pH 5.4 diminished @entity9 block of @entity6 currents, but @entity13 did not. These findings indicate that separate sites mediate @entity9 potentiation and inhibition. The redox agents @entity4 , @entity8 , @entity14 , and @entity10 did not alter @entity6 currents by a redox mechanism. However, @entity4 and @entity8 interfered with the effects of @entity9 on @entity6 currents by chelating it. @entity11 had similar effects. Thus, @entity9 and @entity3 containing redox agents that chelate @entity9 modulate hippocampal @entity6 receptors with the mechanism of @entity9 modulation being agonist dependent.

title: Modulation of inhibitory @entity6 receptors in cultured embryonic XXXX hippocampal neurons by @entity2 , @entity3 containing redox agents and @entity11 .

answer: @entity1