abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cerebral @entity3 , resulting in @entity2 that ranges from @entity11 to @entity3 seen on magnetic resonance imaging. These lesions are common and result in both @entity4 and accumulate over time, resulting in @entity6 and @entity8 . Magnetic resonance imaging studies suggest that these lesions progress over time, accumulate adjacent to prior lesions and have a penumbral region susceptible to further injury. The pathological correlates of this adjacent injury in surviving myelinated axons have not been previously defined. In this study, we sought to determine the molecular organization of axons in tissue adjacent to @entity11 and in the regions surrounding microinfarcts, by determining critical elements in axonal function: the morphology and length of node of Ranvier segments and adjacent paranodal segments. We examined post-mortem brain tissue from six @entity0 with @entity11 and tissue from two @entity0 with @entity10 and @entity3 (previously known as @entity7 with @entity10 , @entity1 and @entity4 ) who accumulate progressive @entity3 in the form of lacunar and microinfarcts. In axons adjacent to @entity11 yet extending up to 150% of the @entity11 diameter away, both nodal and paranodal length increase by    20% and 80%, respectively, reflecting a loss of normal cell-cell adhesion and signalling between axons and oligodendrocytes. Using premorbid magnetic resonance images, brain regions from @entity0 with @entity10 and @entity3 that harboured periventricular @entity3 were selected and the molecular organization of axons was determined within these regions. As in regions adjacent to @entity11 , nodal and paranodal length in white matter of these @entity0 is increased. @entity12 and neurofilament immunolabelling demonstrates that axons in these adjacent regions have preserved axonal cytoskeleton organization and are generally myelinated. This indicates that the loss of normal axonal microdomain architecture results from disrupted axoglial signalling in white matter adjacent to lacunar and microinfarcts. The loss of the normal molecular organization of nodes and paranodes is associated with @entity9 and may lead to impaired conduction velocity across surviving axons after @entity4 . These findings demonstrate that the degree of @entity3 associated with cerebral @entity5 extends well beyond what can be identified using imaging techniques and that an improved understanding of the neurobiology in these regions can drive new therapeutic strategies for this disease entity.

title: Molecular disorganization of axons adjacent to @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cerebral @entity3 , resulting in @entity2 that ranges from @entity11 to @entity3 seen on magnetic resonance imaging. These lesions are common and result in both @entity4 and accumulate over time, resulting in @entity6 and @entity8 . Magnetic resonance imaging studies suggest that these lesions progress over time, accumulate adjacent to prior lesions and have a penumbral region susceptible to further injury. The pathological correlates of this adjacent injury in surviving myelinated axons have not been previously defined. In this study, we sought to determine the molecular organization of axons in tissue adjacent to @entity11 and in the regions surrounding microinfarcts, by determining critical elements in axonal function: the morphology and length of node of Ranvier segments and adjacent paranodal segments. We examined post-mortem brain tissue from six @entity0 with @entity11 and tissue from two @entity0 with @entity10 and @entity3 (previously known as @entity7 with @entity10 , @entity1 and @entity4 ) who accumulate progressive @entity3 in the form of lacunar and microinfarcts. In axons adjacent to @entity11 yet extending up to 150% of the @entity11 diameter away, both nodal and paranodal length increase by    20% and 80%, respectively, reflecting a loss of normal cell-cell adhesion and signalling between axons and oligodendrocytes. Using premorbid magnetic resonance images, brain regions from @entity0 with @entity10 and @entity3 that harboured periventricular @entity3 were selected and the molecular organization of axons was determined within these regions. As in regions adjacent to @entity11 , nodal and paranodal length in white matter of these @entity0 is increased. @entity12 and neurofilament immunolabelling demonstrates that axons in these adjacent regions have preserved axonal cytoskeleton organization and are generally myelinated. This indicates that the loss of normal axonal microdomain architecture results from disrupted axoglial signalling in white matter adjacent to lacunar and microinfarcts. The loss of the normal molecular organization of nodes and paranodes is associated with @entity9 and may lead to impaired conduction velocity across surviving axons after @entity4 . These findings demonstrate that the degree of @entity3 associated with cerebral @entity5 extends well beyond what can be identified using imaging techniques and that an improved understanding of the neurobiology in these regions can drive new therapeutic strategies for this disease entity.

title: Molecular disorganization of axons adjacent to XXXX @entity11 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accumulating evidence shows that high @entity6 intake increases urinary @entity3 excretion and may be a risk factor for @entity2 . However, the effect of oral @entity6 intake on @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and risk of @entity2 has been inadequately researched. The aim of the present study was to determine whether urinary @entity5 excretion (reflecting oral @entity6 intake) associates with @entity1 and prevalence of @entity2 in postmenopausal @entity0 . This cross-sectional study involved a nationally representative sample consisting of 2,779 postmenopausal @entity0 who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys in 2008-2011. The association of urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratio with @entity1 and other @entity2 risk factors was assessed. In addition, the prevalence of @entity2 was assessed in four groups with different urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratios. @entity0 with @entity2 had significantly higher urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratios than the @entity0 without @entity2 . After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratio correlated inversely with lumbar spine @entity1 (P  =  0.001). Similarly, when @entity0 were divided into quartile groups according to urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratio, the average @entity1 dropped as the urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratio increased. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that compared to quartile 1, quartile 4 had a significantly increased prevalence of lumbar spine @entity2 (odds ratios 1.346, P for trend  =  0.044). High urinary @entity5 excretion was significantly associated with low @entity1 and high prevalence of @entity2 in lumbar spine. These results suggest that high @entity6 intake decreases lumbar spine @entity1 and increases the risk of @entity2 in postmenopausal @entity0 .

title: Association of urinary @entity5 / XXXX ratio with @entity1 in postmenopausal @entity0 : KNHANES 2008-2011.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accumulating evidence shows that high @entity6 intake increases urinary @entity3 excretion and may be a risk factor for @entity2 . However, the effect of oral @entity6 intake on @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and risk of @entity2 has been inadequately researched. The aim of the present study was to determine whether urinary @entity5 excretion (reflecting oral @entity6 intake) associates with @entity1 and prevalence of @entity2 in postmenopausal @entity0 . This cross-sectional study involved a nationally representative sample consisting of 2,779 postmenopausal @entity0 who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys in 2008-2011. The association of urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratio with @entity1 and other @entity2 risk factors was assessed. In addition, the prevalence of @entity2 was assessed in four groups with different urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratios. @entity0 with @entity2 had significantly higher urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratios than the @entity0 without @entity2 . After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratio correlated inversely with lumbar spine @entity1 (P  =  0.001). Similarly, when @entity0 were divided into quartile groups according to urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratio, the average @entity1 dropped as the urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratio increased. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that compared to quartile 1, quartile 4 had a significantly increased prevalence of lumbar spine @entity2 (odds ratios 1.346, P for trend  =  0.044). High urinary @entity5 excretion was significantly associated with low @entity1 and high prevalence of @entity2 in lumbar spine. These results suggest that high @entity6 intake decreases lumbar spine @entity1 and increases the risk of @entity2 in postmenopausal @entity0 .

title: Association of urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratio with XXXX in postmenopausal @entity0 : KNHANES 2008-2011.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accumulating evidence shows that high @entity6 intake increases urinary @entity3 excretion and may be a risk factor for @entity2 . However, the effect of oral @entity6 intake on @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and risk of @entity2 has been inadequately researched. The aim of the present study was to determine whether urinary @entity5 excretion (reflecting oral @entity6 intake) associates with @entity1 and prevalence of @entity2 in postmenopausal @entity0 . This cross-sectional study involved a nationally representative sample consisting of 2,779 postmenopausal @entity0 who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys in 2008-2011. The association of urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratio with @entity1 and other @entity2 risk factors was assessed. In addition, the prevalence of @entity2 was assessed in four groups with different urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratios. @entity0 with @entity2 had significantly higher urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratios than the @entity0 without @entity2 . After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratio correlated inversely with lumbar spine @entity1 (P  =  0.001). Similarly, when @entity0 were divided into quartile groups according to urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratio, the average @entity1 dropped as the urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratio increased. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that compared to quartile 1, quartile 4 had a significantly increased prevalence of lumbar spine @entity2 (odds ratios 1.346, P for trend  =  0.044). High urinary @entity5 excretion was significantly associated with low @entity1 and high prevalence of @entity2 in lumbar spine. These results suggest that high @entity6 intake decreases lumbar spine @entity1 and increases the risk of @entity2 in postmenopausal @entity0 .

title: Association of urinary XXXX / @entity4 ratio with @entity1 in postmenopausal @entity0 : KNHANES 2008-2011.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Accumulating evidence shows that high @entity6 intake increases urinary @entity3 excretion and may be a risk factor for @entity2 . However, the effect of oral @entity6 intake on @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and risk of @entity2 has been inadequately researched. The aim of the present study was to determine whether urinary @entity5 excretion (reflecting oral @entity6 intake) associates with @entity1 and prevalence of @entity2 in postmenopausal @entity0 . This cross-sectional study involved a nationally representative sample consisting of 2,779 postmenopausal @entity0 who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutritional Examination Surveys in 2008-2011. The association of urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratio with @entity1 and other @entity2 risk factors was assessed. In addition, the prevalence of @entity2 was assessed in four groups with different urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratios. @entity0 with @entity2 had significantly higher urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratios than the @entity0 without @entity2 . After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratio correlated inversely with lumbar spine @entity1 (P  =  0.001). Similarly, when @entity0 were divided into quartile groups according to urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratio, the average @entity1 dropped as the urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratio increased. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that compared to quartile 1, quartile 4 had a significantly increased prevalence of lumbar spine @entity2 (odds ratios 1.346, P for trend  =  0.044). High urinary @entity5 excretion was significantly associated with low @entity1 and high prevalence of @entity2 in lumbar spine. These results suggest that high @entity6 intake decreases lumbar spine @entity1 and increases the risk of @entity2 in postmenopausal @entity0 .

title: Association of urinary @entity5 / @entity4 ratio with @entity1 in postmenopausal XXXX : KNHANES 2008-2011.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Data on bacterial resistance in @entity0 seen by general practitioners are usually not readily available. The objective of this paper is to present the antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from @entity0 seen by private practitioners in the Klang Valley. A total of 18 clinics participated in this study. From mid August 1991 to end of June 1993, 2,823 specimens were received. Throat swabs and urine specimens constituted 56% of all the specimens. A large proportion of the specimens (55%) yielded no growth or just normal flora. The common bacteria encountered were @entity5 (18.4%), @entity3 (16.2%), @entity14 spp (13.7%) and @entity17 (9.3%). The @entity5 strains were mainly isolated from wound, pus and ear swabs. Not one out of the 218 strains tested was resistant to @entity13 . In vitro susceptibility tests showed that 91% were resistant to @entity1 while 23% were resistant to @entity9 and 13% to @entity12 . Eighty-two percent of the @entity3 were isolated from urine. It was also the most common isolate from urine. Fifty percent of these strains were resistant to @entity10 , 33% to @entity7 , 17% to @entity15 , 21% to @entity10 - @entity16 , 18% to @entity2 - @entity6 while only 2.3% were resistant to @entity8 and @entity18 and none to @entity11 . Generally the gram negative bacilli encountered in general practice are less resistant to the third generation cephalosporins and @entity4 when compared to the hospital strains.

title: Antimicrobial resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from XXXX seen by private practitioners in the Klang Valley.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: An increased proportion of @entity2 occur in the intensive care unit (ICU). We performed this prospective study in 41 ICUs to determine the prevalence and determinants of complicated grief after @entity2 of a loved one in the ICU. Relatives of 475 adult @entity0 were followed up. Complicated grief was assessed at 6 and 12   months using the Inventory of Complicated Grief (cut-off score >25). Relatives also completed the Hospital Anxiety and @entity3 Scale at 3   months, and the Revised Impact of Event Scale for post-traumatic @entity1 symptoms at 3, 6 and 12   months. We used a mixed multivariate logistic regression model to identify determinants of complicated grief after 6   months. Among the 475 @entity0 , 282 (59.4%) had a relative evaluated at 6   months. Complicated grief symptoms were identified in 147 (52%) relatives. Independent determinants of complicated grief symptoms were either not amenable to changes (relative of female sex, relative living alone and intensivist board certification before 2009) or potential targets for improvements (refusal of treatment by the @entity0 , @entity0 died while intubated, relatives present at the time of @entity2 , relatives did not say goodbye to the @entity0 , and poor communication between physicians and relatives). End-of-life practices, communication and loneliness in bereaved relatives may be amenable to improvements.

title: Complicated grief after XXXX of a relative in the intensive care unit.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Detailed morphometric analysis of the neonatal brain is required to characterise brain development and define neuroimaging biomarkers related to impaired brain growth. Accurate @entity3 MRI is a prerequisite to analyse large datasets. We have previously presented an accurate and robust automatic segmentation technique for parcellating the neonatal brain into multiple cortical and subcortical regions. In this study, we further extend our segmentation method to detect cortical sulci and provide a detailed delineation of the cortical ribbon. These detailed segmentations are used to build a 4-dimensional spatio-temporal structural atlas of the brain for 82 cortical and subcortical structures throughout this developmental period. We employ the algorithm to segment an extensive database of 420 MR images of the developing brain, from 27 to 45weeks post-menstrual age at imaging. Regional volumetric and cortical surface measurements are derived and used to investigate brain growth and development during this critical period and to assess the impact of @entity1 at birth. Whole brain volume, the absolute volume of all structures studied, cortical curvature and cortical surface area increased with increasing age at scan. Relative volumes of cortical grey matter, cerebellum and cerebrospinal fluid increased with age at scan, while relative volumes of white matter, ventricles, brainstem and basal ganglia and thalami decreased. Preterm @entity0 at term had smaller whole brain volumes, reduced regional white matter and cortical and subcortical grey matter volumes, and reduced cortical surface area compared with term born controls, while ventricular volume was greater in the preterm group. Increasing @entity4 at birth was associated with a @entity2 , cortical and subcortical grey matter volume, an increase in ventricular volume, and reduced cortical surface area.

title: Regional growth and atlasing of the developing XXXX brain.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the @entity8 treatment modalities and their results in a series of 30 adult @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: 30 @entity0 , age 15-74, were diagnosed of @entity8 in our institution between 1988 and December 1991. We defined the @entity8 as: mild (platelets > or = 50 x 10(9)/L and < or = 120 x 10(9)/L), moderate (platelets 25-50 x 10(9)/L) and severe (platelets < or = 25 x 10(9)/L). Treatment was initiated when the platelet count reached a level < 50 x 10(9)/L. Initial therapy was oral @entity2 or @entity5 in all @entity0 . In 12 unresponsive @entity0 the treatment included splenectomy. @entity0 who fail @entity1 therapy and splenectomy received additional lines of therapy, that included: @entity7 (n = 2), @entity9 (n = 1), @entity6 (n = 5), anti D immunoglobulin (n = 6), @entity4 (n = 2), intravenous immunoglobulin (n = 3). RESULTS: Complete remission was obtained in 19 @entity0 with a follow-up of 3 to 55 months (median, 30 months). Partial remission was achieved in 4 @entity0 , that was sustained for 9 to 39 months (median, 22.5 months) after initial therapy. One unresponsive @entity0 died of @entity3 . Six mild @entity8 @entity0 did not require therapy with a follow-up of 14 to 56 months (median, 33.1 months). CONCLUSION: In adult @entity0 with mild @entity8 , therapy is not required. @entity1 therapy remains the initial therapeutic choice for moderate and severe @entity8 . In unresponsive @entity0 useful alternative choices are splenectomy, danazol, anti D immunoglobulin and @entity4 .

title: [Efficacy of various treatments in the management of XXXX in the adult].

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Dientamoeba fragilis, a trichomonad parasite is usually found in the gastrointestinal tract of @entity0 , and it is known to be the cause for @entity2 . The parasite is globally distributed and mostly found in rural and urban areas. The parasite is found in @entity0 and nonhuman primates such as the macaques, @entity4 , and @entity6 . Often, the parasite is confused with another largely found organism in stools called @entity5 sp. especially when seen directly under light microscopy on culture samples containing both parasites. Both sometimes are seen with two nuclei with sizes tending to be similar which complicates identification. Stools were collected fresh from nine previously diagnosed @entity0 infected with D. fragilis who also were found to be positive for @entity5 sp. Samples were then cultured in Loeffler's medium and were stained with Giemsa, iron hematoxylin, and modified Fields' ( @entity3 ) stain, respectively. D. fragilis was differentiated from @entity5 sp. when stained with @entity3 stain by the presence of a thinner outer membrane with clearly demarcated nuclei in the center of the cell whilst @entity5 sp. had a darker and thicker stained outer membrane with the presence of two nuclei. The staining contrast was more evident with modified Fields' stain when compared with the other two. The simplicity in preparing the stain as well as the speed of the staining procedure make @entity3 stain an ideal alternate. The modified Fields' stain is faster and easier to prepare when compared to the other two stains. @entity3 stain provides a better contrast differentiating the two organisms and therefore provides a more reliable diagnostic method to precisely identify one from the other especially when cultures show @entity1 .

title: Modified fields' stain: ideal to differentiate Dientamoeba fragilis and XXXX sp.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment effects of antivascular ultrasound (US) with dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity7 ( @entity7 ), contrast-enhanced sonography, and histopathologic analysis in a @entity1 @entity4 model. METHODS: Subcutaneous K1735 @entity1 @entity4 were grown in syngeneic C3H/HeN @entity1 . @entity0 perfusion characteristics were measured before antivascular US treatment with both dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity7 and high-resolution contrast-enhanced sonography. @entity0 were subsequently treated with 1 or 3 minutes of continuous low-intensity US after intravenous administration of a US contrast agent. Treatment effects were assessed by quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity7 , contrast-enhanced sonography, histopathologic analysis, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Low-intensity antivascular US treatment resulted in approximately a doubling and tripling of the time to peak enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity7 in the 1- and 3-minute treatment groups, respectively, along with a significant decrease in contrast wash-out (P < .01). There was a potent reduction in @entity0 perfusion on contrast-enhanced sonography, with approximately 40% and 70% reductions in the @entity0 area perfused as assessed by contrast-enhanced sonography after 1 (P < .05) and 3 (P < .01) minutes of antivascular US. The pathologic and histologic changes spatially correlated with the regions of diminished perfusion seen on contrast-enhanced sonography and dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity7 . Antivascular US therapy resulted in a significant increase in the number of @entity5 -inducible factor 1A(+) cells, indicating @entity0 (P < .01), and of @entity8 (+)/CD3(+) cells in @entity0 after treatment, in keeping with increased T-cell infiltration (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Antivascular US treatment effects extend beyond direct @entity3 from @entity6 to include @entity2 -mediated @entity3 , enhanced small molecule retention, and intratumoral immune activation.

title: Antivascular ultrasound therapy: @entity7 validation and activation of the immune response in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment effects of antivascular ultrasound (US) with dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity7 ( @entity7 ), contrast-enhanced sonography, and histopathologic analysis in a @entity1 @entity4 model. METHODS: Subcutaneous K1735 @entity1 @entity4 were grown in syngeneic C3H/HeN @entity1 . @entity0 perfusion characteristics were measured before antivascular US treatment with both dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity7 and high-resolution contrast-enhanced sonography. @entity0 were subsequently treated with 1 or 3 minutes of continuous low-intensity US after intravenous administration of a US contrast agent. Treatment effects were assessed by quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity7 , contrast-enhanced sonography, histopathologic analysis, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Low-intensity antivascular US treatment resulted in approximately a doubling and tripling of the time to peak enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity7 in the 1- and 3-minute treatment groups, respectively, along with a significant decrease in contrast wash-out (P < .01). There was a potent reduction in @entity0 perfusion on contrast-enhanced sonography, with approximately 40% and 70% reductions in the @entity0 area perfused as assessed by contrast-enhanced sonography after 1 (P < .05) and 3 (P < .01) minutes of antivascular US. The pathologic and histologic changes spatially correlated with the regions of diminished perfusion seen on contrast-enhanced sonography and dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity7 . Antivascular US therapy resulted in a significant increase in the number of @entity5 -inducible factor 1A(+) cells, indicating @entity0 (P < .01), and of @entity8 (+)/CD3(+) cells in @entity0 after treatment, in keeping with increased T-cell infiltration (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Antivascular US treatment effects extend beyond direct @entity3 from @entity6 to include @entity2 -mediated @entity3 , enhanced small molecule retention, and intratumoral immune activation.

title: Antivascular ultrasound therapy: XXXX validation and activation of the immune response in @entity1 @entity4 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the treatment effects of antivascular ultrasound (US) with dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity7 ( @entity7 ), contrast-enhanced sonography, and histopathologic analysis in a @entity1 @entity4 model. METHODS: Subcutaneous K1735 @entity1 @entity4 were grown in syngeneic C3H/HeN @entity1 . @entity0 perfusion characteristics were measured before antivascular US treatment with both dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity7 and high-resolution contrast-enhanced sonography. @entity0 were subsequently treated with 1 or 3 minutes of continuous low-intensity US after intravenous administration of a US contrast agent. Treatment effects were assessed by quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity7 , contrast-enhanced sonography, histopathologic analysis, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Low-intensity antivascular US treatment resulted in approximately a doubling and tripling of the time to peak enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity7 in the 1- and 3-minute treatment groups, respectively, along with a significant decrease in contrast wash-out (P < .01). There was a potent reduction in @entity0 perfusion on contrast-enhanced sonography, with approximately 40% and 70% reductions in the @entity0 area perfused as assessed by contrast-enhanced sonography after 1 (P < .05) and 3 (P < .01) minutes of antivascular US. The pathologic and histologic changes spatially correlated with the regions of diminished perfusion seen on contrast-enhanced sonography and dynamic contrast-enhanced @entity7 . Antivascular US therapy resulted in a significant increase in the number of @entity5 -inducible factor 1A(+) cells, indicating @entity0 (P < .01), and of @entity8 (+)/CD3(+) cells in @entity0 after treatment, in keeping with increased T-cell infiltration (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: Antivascular US treatment effects extend beyond direct @entity3 from @entity6 to include @entity2 -mediated @entity3 , enhanced small molecule retention, and intratumoral immune activation.

title: Antivascular ultrasound therapy: @entity7 validation and activation of the immune response in XXXX @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Even at low doses, @entity0 has been reported to impair left ventricular pump function. To characterize further the effects of @entity0 on the normal cardiovascular system, using the Swan-Ganz thermodilution catheter, we studied 6 healthy physicians, aged 27-36 years, while they were lightly intoxicated. Within a period of 30 min the subjects ingested 0.5 g/kg of @entity2 diluted to 15% (w/v) in fruit juice. Hemodynamic measurements were obtained before the first ingestion and every half-hour thereafter for 2 hours. A peak blood @entity2 concentration (mean +/- SE) of 13.3 +/- 1.6 mmol/l (0.61 mg/dl) was recorded at 60 min. Unexpectedly, pulmonary artery pressure rose during the early part of the increasing blood @entity2 phase, probably due to @entity1 . At 30 min, the systolic pulmonary artery pressure had increased by 10% (p less than 0.05) and the diastolic pressure by 14% (p less than 0.001); both returned to baseline levels by the end of the experiment. Calculated pulmonary vascular resistance rose from a baseline value of 0.50 +/- 0.30 to 0.85 +/- 0.34 units (p less than 0.01) at 30 min. Left ventricular preload decreased significantly during the declining blood @entity2 phase: mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure decreased from 12 +/- 3 to 10 +/- 2 mmHg (p less than 0.01), and mean right atrial pressure decreased significantly. This study suggests that @entity0 causes changes in cardiac function by altering its loading conditions. The combined diuretic and systemic venodilatory actions of @entity0 provide the most probable explanation for the decrease in preload.

title: Effects of XXXX on systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics in normal humans.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The acute response to bronchodilators in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is modest; it has, however, been suggested that these @entity0 may benefit from long term treatment. METHODS: To investigate the efficacy of @entity4 in smokers with moderate to severe @entity1 a double blind, randomised, crossover comparison was performed between @entity4 (50 micrograms twice daily) and placebo in 63 @entity0 with stable @entity1 (mean age 65 years). Prior to inclusion, all @entity0 had a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of < 60% of predicted and an improvement in FEV1 of < 15% following 400 micrograms inhaled @entity2 . @entity0 received four weeks of therapy with each of the treatment regimens. Assessment of efficacy was made with recording of morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates (PEF), respiratory symptoms, and use of rescue @entity2 . FEV1 was measured before and after nebulised @entity2 prior to randomisation and at the end of each treatment period. RESULTS: Morning PEF values were higher during the @entity4 than during the placebo period, although the mean treatment difference was small (12 l/min (95% confidence limits 6 to 17)). No difference in mean evening PEF values was found. Diurnal variation in PEF, assessed as the difference between the morning PEF and that of the previous evening, was more pronounced during the placebo than during the @entity4 period. The mean spirometric values (including reversibility in FEV1) obtained at the end of the two treatment periods were similar. Compared with placebo, treatment with @entity4 was associated with lower daytime and night time symptom scores and less use of rescue @entity2 both during the day and the night. The @entity0 rated the treatment with @entity4 better than treatment with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that, compared with placebo, treatment with @entity4 produces an improvement in respiratory symptoms and morning PEF values in @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity1 . Treatment with long acting beta agonists may therefore result in an improvement in functional status, even in @entity0 suffering from apparently nonreversible @entity3 .

title: Efficacy of inhaled XXXX in the management of smokers with @entity1 : a single centre randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: The acute response to bronchodilators in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is modest; it has, however, been suggested that these @entity0 may benefit from long term treatment. METHODS: To investigate the efficacy of @entity4 in smokers with moderate to severe @entity1 a double blind, randomised, crossover comparison was performed between @entity4 (50 micrograms twice daily) and placebo in 63 @entity0 with stable @entity1 (mean age 65 years). Prior to inclusion, all @entity0 had a forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) of < 60% of predicted and an improvement in FEV1 of < 15% following 400 micrograms inhaled @entity2 . @entity0 received four weeks of therapy with each of the treatment regimens. Assessment of efficacy was made with recording of morning and evening peak expiratory flow rates (PEF), respiratory symptoms, and use of rescue @entity2 . FEV1 was measured before and after nebulised @entity2 prior to randomisation and at the end of each treatment period. RESULTS: Morning PEF values were higher during the @entity4 than during the placebo period, although the mean treatment difference was small (12 l/min (95% confidence limits 6 to 17)). No difference in mean evening PEF values was found. Diurnal variation in PEF, assessed as the difference between the morning PEF and that of the previous evening, was more pronounced during the placebo than during the @entity4 period. The mean spirometric values (including reversibility in FEV1) obtained at the end of the two treatment periods were similar. Compared with placebo, treatment with @entity4 was associated with lower daytime and night time symptom scores and less use of rescue @entity2 both during the day and the night. The @entity0 rated the treatment with @entity4 better than treatment with placebo. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that, compared with placebo, treatment with @entity4 produces an improvement in respiratory symptoms and morning PEF values in @entity0 with moderate to severe @entity1 . Treatment with long acting beta agonists may therefore result in an improvement in functional status, even in @entity0 suffering from apparently nonreversible @entity3 .

title: Efficacy of inhaled @entity4 in the management of smokers with XXXX : a single centre randomised, double blind, placebo controlled, crossover study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinical management of the @entity0 with @entity2 is becoming commonplace in orthotic clinics worldwide. The presentations that can result from @entity2 are diverse, requiring clinicians to understand the pathomechanics of @entity1 , and @entity3 to provide effective interventions. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this clinical perspective is to provide a review of the literature regarding clinical conceptsassociated with orthotic management of @entity2 . STUDY DESIGN: Literature review and clinical case study. METHODS: Relevant literature were reviewed and summarized, and a clinical case study synthesizing reviewed concepts was presented. RESULTS: Given the multifactorial nature of the @entity2 , treatments must be multifaceted and @entity0 -specific to effectively address the underlying disease processes. While systemic issues such as @entity4 are treated by physicians, local issues such as @entity5 are managed by orthotists. Orthotic interventions commonly include custom footwear to reduce the risk of @entity1 through creation of a protective environment or targeted plantar offloading. @entity0 and caregiver education to encourage management compliance is equally as important to ensure successful treatment. CONCLUSION: @entity0 with @entity2 benefit from an interdisciplinary care approach which engages physicians, wound care practitioners, and orthotists to treat and manage systemic and local problems. Addressing this pathology through interdisciplinary care may positively affect the @entity0 's health status while lowering associated healthcare costs through improved treatment efficacy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The commonality of @entity2 and associated complications including @entity1 , and @entity3 requires that the @entity0 care team have a fundamental understanding of these pathologies and common treatment modalities. We review orthotic treatment modalities to assist clinicians with the management of @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Orthotic management of the XXXX : An interdisciplinary care perspective.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 with thoracic wall involvement constitutes @entity2 . The management of @entity0 with this condition is complicated. However, improvement in perioperative care coupled with advances in surgical technique have enabled a more aggressive approach to the problem to be adopted. METHODS: A retrospective review was carried out of 58 @entity0 (40 @entity0 ) of mean age 63 years who underwent thoracotomy for @entity1 with chest wall invasion between 1980 and 1993. RESULTS: Chest wall resection was performed in 55 @entity0 (94.8%); in three @entity0 the discovery of N2 disease at operation precluded resection. The @entity4 status was T3N0M0 in 38 @entity0 , T3N1M0 in 13, and T3N2M0 in seven. @entity3 was the commonest cell type (26 @entity0 ). Reconstruction of the chest wall was performed in 29 @entity0 (Marlex mesh in six, Marlex- @entity5 in 22, myocutaneous flap in one @entity0 ). The morbidity and mortality were 22.4% and 3.4% respectively. Follow up was complete in 51 @entity0 . Nineteen (37.2%) survived > or = 5 years. The absolute five year survival for N0 and N1 disease was 44.7% and 38.4%, respectively. No @entity0 with N2 disease survived five years. CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity1 and chest wall invasion, combined pulmonary and thoracic wall resection offers the prospect of cure with minimal morbidity and mortality. The prognosis of @entity0 with coexistent N2 disease remains poor.

title: Combined pulmonary and thoracic wall resection for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: To investigate the function of alveolar macrophages (AM) and the mechanisms of impairment in @entity5 , we established in culture AM from three @entity0 and from eight normal nonsmokers and assessed phagocytosis and phagolysosome fusion by the @entity6 assay with live @entity3 as the phagocytic challenge. Alveolar macrophages from the @entity0 with @entity5 ingested fewer @entity3 per cell than did normal AM (mean +/- SE, 2.3 +/- 0.3 vs 3.3 +/- 0.2; p less than 0.05) and had decreased phagolysosome fusion (33 +/- 6 percent vs 64 +/- 1 percent; p less than 0.001). Alveolar macrophages from three normal subjects were incubated with cell-free fractions isolated by centrifugation of lavage fluid from the @entity0 at 250 g (P1) or centrifugation of P1 supernatant at 20,000 g (P2). The P1 fraction did not decrease the number of AM ingesting @entity3 or the number of @entity3 cells ingested per cell, but the P2 fraction decreased both phagocytic indices. Conversely, phagolysosome fusion was depressed by the P1 fraction (48 +/- 3 percent vs 66 +/- 2 percent for untreated AM from the same subject; p less than 0.02) but not by the P2 fraction. Significant morphologic changes were noted in AM cocultured with both @entity4 . Comparable concentrations of pooled P2 fractions from normal subjects did not decrease phagocytic indices in normal AM. These data confirm that AM in @entity5 are dysfunctional, and, in particular, the finding of decreased phagolysosome fusion may be related to the high incidence of uncommon @entity2 in these @entity0 . We have shown that different fractions of alveolar filling material from @entity0 with @entity5 have unique effects on the phagocytic process in the normal AM, and the induced defects may be associated with apparent uptake of this material. These observations further support the hypothesis that in @entity0 with @entity5 , locally produced "toxic" substances may lead to @entity1 and contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease.

title: XXXX . Further evaluation of abnormal alveolar macrophages.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is a sex chromosomal aneuploidy (47,XXY) affecting 1/660 males. Based on findings in @entity3 , we hypothesized that electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities would be present in males with @entity2 . OBJECTIVE: To investigate ECGs in males with @entity2 and compare with controls. METHODS: Case control study of 62 males with @entity2 and 62 healthy males matched on age. The primary outcome parameter was a difference in the ECG presentation between the two groups. The ECGs were analyzed by one blinded examiner (intraobserver variability 0.2-2.1%). The QT-interval was measured using "teach-the-tangent" method excluding the U-wave. QTc was calculated using Bazett's equation, Hodges' equation, and a linear regression model. Body mass index, abdominal fat, and muscle mass as well as sex hormone levels were secondary parameters. The prevalence of mutations in genes related to @entity4 was determined in @entity0 with a QTc < 330 ms. RESULTS: Compared to controls, the @entity5 was shorter (P = 0.02-0.06) in males with @entity2 depending on the applied correction method. QTc was shortest among @entity1 (T)-treated males with @entity2 , while untreated and thus hypogonadal @entity2 had QTc interval comparable to controls. No mutations in genes related to @entity4 were found. CONCLUSION: We found short QTc interval in males with @entity2 , with further shortening of the QTc interval by T. These results suggest that genes on the X chromosome could be involved in regulation of the QTc interval and that T treatment may aggravate this mechanism.

title: Short QTc Interval in Males with Klinefelter Syndrome-Influence of CAG Repeat Length, Body Composition, and XXXX Replacement Therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the significance of primary stage, histopathological grade, disease-free survival and site of first relapse on survival after first recurrence. The study included 1621 female @entity0 @entity1 admitted between 1970 and 1975. The @entity1 material was analysed by unifactorial life table methods and the multifactorial Cox regression analysis. The primary stage and histopathological grade maintained a significant prognostic value also after relapse. Survival after first recurrence was dependent on the disease-free interval and site of first relapse, too. If the disease-free survival was over 5 years, 44% of the @entity1 were still alive after 7 years from recurrence. Of the @entity1 with a disease-free survival shorter than 2 years, only 10% were alive after 7 years from recurrence. Survival was significantly better after locoregional relapse than after distant relapse, but the difference levelled off within 7 years. The prognosis of axillary relapse was best and that of liver and brain metastases poorest. Regression analysis confirmed the importance of primary stage, site of recurrence and histopathological grade as prognostic variables for survival after first recurrence.

title: Survival after first recurrence in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Bone involvement in idiopathic @entity3 @entity9 is characterized by the following abnormalities: a) the bone density is decreased, the severity of @entity5 being dependent upon the existence of @entity14 and upon the pathophysiology of this latter: it is inconsistent in the absence of @entity14 or when @entity14 is of the absorptive type I or II, whereas it is almost constant in fasting @entity14 without @entity12 and constant and severe in the rare true renal @entity14 . b) The bone histology (which has been evaluated only in idiopathic @entity16 @entity0 ) mainly shows a defect in bone formation at the exception of the rare renal @entity14 . @entity10 is only seen in this latter type of @entity14 whereas in the other types of @entity14 only an increase of the total or inactive resorption surface is observed. This phenomenon is possibly explained only by a delayed refilling of the resorption lacunae secondary to the decreased bone formation. The osteoid thickness is either normal or decreased despite decrease in mineralization apposition rate which seems therefore to be secondary to the decreased bone formation. c) Symptomatic @entity1 in @entity16 stone formers is exceptional and always related to a severe long term @entity3 restriction. d) The biochemical markers of bone resorption tend to be increased in idiopathic @entity14 . Hydroxyprolinuria is more often elevated than pyridinolinuria. However pyridinolinuria is negatively correlated to bone density. The contrast between the increase of these bone resorption markers and the usual normality of plasma @entity4 and of the osteoclastic resorptive surfaces, suggest the role of meat induced acid load which may favor inactive resorption by dissolution of bone buffers. A disturbed profile synthesis of cytokines which induce differentiation and proliferation of the osteoclasts and which modulate the osteoblastic proliferation and function ( @entity7 , @entity6 , @entity2 , @entity11 ...) may play a role in the @entity5 of @entity3 stone formers but further studies are necessary to precise its transient or permanent involvement in their @entity1 . e) The decrease of bone formation may be explained by the suppressed @entity4 secretion which may be explained by hypercalcitriolemia. This excess of @entity13 synthesis may be secondary either to monocyte increased synthesis of @entity7 which stimulates the renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase by the mean of an increased @entity8 synthesis or to the relative @entity15 of the @entity3 stone formers comparatively to healthy controls. Hypercalcitriolemia may originate from the activated monocyte itself. The decrease in bone formation may also be secondary to the action of monokines on the osteoblast differentiation and/or function.

title: [Bone involvement in idiopathic XXXX lithiasis].

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate bone healing after the use of a xenograft scaffold enriched with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), an autogenous bone graft, or the scaffold without BM-MSCs. Materials and Methods: Eighteen @entity0 were used for this study; bilateral 12-mm-diameter defects were created in the animals' parietal bones. The bilateral defects were filled with a xenograft enriched with BM-MSCs ( @entity1 [ @entity1 ]), with autogenous bone graft (positive control group [PCG]), or with a xenograft alone (negative control group [NCG]). In all groups, randomly, one defect was covered with a collagen membrane. The @entity0 were sacrificed 8 weeks after surgery, and their parietal bones were harvested and analyzed histomorphometrically. Results: Within the PCG and the NCG, the defects covered with the barrier membrane showed better bone healing. In the @entity1 , the defects covered with the barrier membrane did not show better bone healing (intragroup comparisons by Wilcoxon and Friedman tests for paired data). @entity1 showed percentage of mineralized tissue (MT) of 56.03%    3.49% with membrane and 57.71%    5.31% without membrane. PCG showed MT of 55.13%    4.83% and 49.69%    3.81% with and without membrane, respectively, and NCG showed MT of 26.77%    7.29% and 19.67%    2.66% with and without membrane, respectively. Conclusion: Both autogenous bone graft and a xenograft enriched with BM-MSCs were equally effective for bone reconstruction and better than the xenograft alone. The use of a barrier membrane seemed to have a synergistic effect on bone healing in PCG and NCG but not in @entity1 .

title: Repair of Critical-Size Bone Defects Using Bone Marrow Stem Cells or Autogenous Bone With or Without Collagen Membrane: A Histomorphometric Study in XXXX Calvaria.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Lower limb critical @entity3 is a clinical condition typical of @entity0 with severe @entity5 (Fontaine's IIIb and IV degree). This condition often leads to amputation of the limb involved. The authors present to the use PGE1 in 50 @entity0 with Fontaine's IIIb-IV degree @entity5 of lower limbs in which the indication of amputation was done. All the @entity0 , admitted to the emergency ward, complain of @entity4 and distal ulcers. The administration of PG5(1) was given as follows: 40 mg/bid/e.v./20 days. A 6 months long follow-up was installed with the instrumental evaluation of: Transcutaneous @entity2 pressure; Distal blood perfusion with Doppler; cardiac pulse; blood pressure. Eighteen @entity0 became to a Fontaine's II degree during the next 2 months after therapy, 25 @entity0 came back to a severe claudicatio: of them 18 underwent successfully vascular surgery, 7 underwent amputation of the lower limb. In 7 @entity0 the PGE1 did not influence the natural progression of the disease. Among the side-effects of therapy we can mention: @entity1 (4%), erythema and @entity4 of injected vein (8%), sick (4%). All the side effects were transient and never led to interruption of therapy.

title: [Use of PGE1 in severe XXXX of the lower extremities. Clinical study].

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lowering the blood @entity1 level may reduce the risk of @entity3 . This double-blind study was designed to determine whether the administration of @entity6 to @entity0 with @entity5 and no history of @entity4 reduced the combined incidence of nonfatal @entity4 and @entity2 from @entity3 . METHODS: We randomly assigned 6595 @entity0 , 45 to 64 years of age, with a mean (+/- SD) plasma @entity1 level of 272 +/- 23 mg per deciliter (7.0 +/- 0.6 mmol per liter) to receive @entity6 (40 mg each evening) or placebo. The average follow-up period was 4.9 years. Medical records, electrocardiographic recordings, and the national @entity2 registry were used to determine the clinical end points. RESULTS: @entity6 lowered plasma @entity1 levels by 20 percent and low-density-lipoprotein @entity1 levels by 26 percent, whereas there was no change with placebo. There were 248 definite coronary events (specified as nonfatal @entity4 or @entity2 from @entity3 ) in the placebo group, and 174 in the @entity6 group (relative reduction in risk with @entity6 , 31 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 43 percent; P < 0.001). There were similar reductions in the risk of definite nonfatal @entity4 (31 percent reduction, P < 0.001), @entity2 from @entity3 (definite cases alone: 28 percent reduction, P = 0.13; definite plus suspected cases: 33 percent reduction, P = 0.042), and @entity2 from all cardiovascular causes (32 percent reduction, P = 0.033). There was no excess of deaths from noncardiovascular causes in the @entity6 group. We observed a 22 percent reduction in the risk of @entity2 from any cause in the @entity6 group (95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 40 percent; P = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity6 significantly reduced the incidence of @entity4 and @entity2 from cardiovascular causes without adversely affecting the risk of @entity2 from noncardiovascular causes in @entity0 with moderate @entity5 and no history of @entity4 .

title: Prevention of @entity3 with @entity6 in @entity0 with XXXX . West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lowering the blood @entity1 level may reduce the risk of @entity3 . This double-blind study was designed to determine whether the administration of @entity6 to @entity0 with @entity5 and no history of @entity4 reduced the combined incidence of nonfatal @entity4 and @entity2 from @entity3 . METHODS: We randomly assigned 6595 @entity0 , 45 to 64 years of age, with a mean (+/- SD) plasma @entity1 level of 272 +/- 23 mg per deciliter (7.0 +/- 0.6 mmol per liter) to receive @entity6 (40 mg each evening) or placebo. The average follow-up period was 4.9 years. Medical records, electrocardiographic recordings, and the national @entity2 registry were used to determine the clinical end points. RESULTS: @entity6 lowered plasma @entity1 levels by 20 percent and low-density-lipoprotein @entity1 levels by 26 percent, whereas there was no change with placebo. There were 248 definite coronary events (specified as nonfatal @entity4 or @entity2 from @entity3 ) in the placebo group, and 174 in the @entity6 group (relative reduction in risk with @entity6 , 31 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 43 percent; P < 0.001). There were similar reductions in the risk of definite nonfatal @entity4 (31 percent reduction, P < 0.001), @entity2 from @entity3 (definite cases alone: 28 percent reduction, P = 0.13; definite plus suspected cases: 33 percent reduction, P = 0.042), and @entity2 from all cardiovascular causes (32 percent reduction, P = 0.033). There was no excess of deaths from noncardiovascular causes in the @entity6 group. We observed a 22 percent reduction in the risk of @entity2 from any cause in the @entity6 group (95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 40 percent; P = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity6 significantly reduced the incidence of @entity4 and @entity2 from cardiovascular causes without adversely affecting the risk of @entity2 from noncardiovascular causes in @entity0 with moderate @entity5 and no history of @entity4 .

title: Prevention of XXXX with @entity6 in @entity0 with @entity5 . West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lowering the blood @entity1 level may reduce the risk of @entity3 . This double-blind study was designed to determine whether the administration of @entity6 to @entity0 with @entity5 and no history of @entity4 reduced the combined incidence of nonfatal @entity4 and @entity2 from @entity3 . METHODS: We randomly assigned 6595 @entity0 , 45 to 64 years of age, with a mean (+/- SD) plasma @entity1 level of 272 +/- 23 mg per deciliter (7.0 +/- 0.6 mmol per liter) to receive @entity6 (40 mg each evening) or placebo. The average follow-up period was 4.9 years. Medical records, electrocardiographic recordings, and the national @entity2 registry were used to determine the clinical end points. RESULTS: @entity6 lowered plasma @entity1 levels by 20 percent and low-density-lipoprotein @entity1 levels by 26 percent, whereas there was no change with placebo. There were 248 definite coronary events (specified as nonfatal @entity4 or @entity2 from @entity3 ) in the placebo group, and 174 in the @entity6 group (relative reduction in risk with @entity6 , 31 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 43 percent; P < 0.001). There were similar reductions in the risk of definite nonfatal @entity4 (31 percent reduction, P < 0.001), @entity2 from @entity3 (definite cases alone: 28 percent reduction, P = 0.13; definite plus suspected cases: 33 percent reduction, P = 0.042), and @entity2 from all cardiovascular causes (32 percent reduction, P = 0.033). There was no excess of deaths from noncardiovascular causes in the @entity6 group. We observed a 22 percent reduction in the risk of @entity2 from any cause in the @entity6 group (95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 40 percent; P = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity6 significantly reduced the incidence of @entity4 and @entity2 from cardiovascular causes without adversely affecting the risk of @entity2 from noncardiovascular causes in @entity0 with moderate @entity5 and no history of @entity4 .

title: Prevention of @entity3 with XXXX in @entity0 with @entity5 . West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Lowering the blood @entity1 level may reduce the risk of @entity3 . This double-blind study was designed to determine whether the administration of @entity6 to @entity0 with @entity5 and no history of @entity4 reduced the combined incidence of nonfatal @entity4 and @entity2 from @entity3 . METHODS: We randomly assigned 6595 @entity0 , 45 to 64 years of age, with a mean (+/- SD) plasma @entity1 level of 272 +/- 23 mg per deciliter (7.0 +/- 0.6 mmol per liter) to receive @entity6 (40 mg each evening) or placebo. The average follow-up period was 4.9 years. Medical records, electrocardiographic recordings, and the national @entity2 registry were used to determine the clinical end points. RESULTS: @entity6 lowered plasma @entity1 levels by 20 percent and low-density-lipoprotein @entity1 levels by 26 percent, whereas there was no change with placebo. There were 248 definite coronary events (specified as nonfatal @entity4 or @entity2 from @entity3 ) in the placebo group, and 174 in the @entity6 group (relative reduction in risk with @entity6 , 31 percent; 95 percent confidence interval, 17 to 43 percent; P < 0.001). There were similar reductions in the risk of definite nonfatal @entity4 (31 percent reduction, P < 0.001), @entity2 from @entity3 (definite cases alone: 28 percent reduction, P = 0.13; definite plus suspected cases: 33 percent reduction, P = 0.042), and @entity2 from all cardiovascular causes (32 percent reduction, P = 0.033). There was no excess of deaths from noncardiovascular causes in the @entity6 group. We observed a 22 percent reduction in the risk of @entity2 from any cause in the @entity6 group (95 percent confidence interval, 0 to 40 percent; P = 0.051). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with @entity6 significantly reduced the incidence of @entity4 and @entity2 from cardiovascular causes without adversely affecting the risk of @entity2 from noncardiovascular causes in @entity0 with moderate @entity5 and no history of @entity4 .

title: Prevention of @entity3 with @entity6 in XXXX with @entity5 . West of Scotland Coronary Prevention Study Group.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the impact of @entity1 surgery on quality of life through the application of the quality of life in @entity1 (QOLIE-10) scale in a low income population. METHODS: We conducted an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. The data for all @entity0 who underwent @entity1 surgery from the aforementioned period were registered retrospectively through a review of their clinical history. Clinical variables of interest for this study were obtained through phone contact, and the QOLIE-10 scale was applied. RESULTS: This study included a total of 89 @entity0 with whom phone contact was established and who met the inclusion criteria. Of these @entity0 , 30.3% were without anti- @entity3 medication at the time of the survey's application, and only 19.1% were still under polytherapy. A total of 47.1% of the @entity0 had returned to some work activity that they would have not been able to perform before because of their disease. All of the components of the QOLIE-10 scale improved significantly (p<0.05) after the surgical procedure, except the variable of "fear of the sudden occurrence of @entity3 ". The variables with greatest impact after the surgical procedure were @entity2 , work activity, and quality of life in general. CONCLUSION: @entity1 surgery has a positive impact on the quality of life of @entity0 with low resources and in vulnerable social conditions. It is still to be determined if, in this population, work and social reintegration have a greater impact on the quality of life than other clinical and/or paraclinical variables.

title: Impact of XXXX surgery on the quality of life of a low-income population through the application of the Qolie-10 scale.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Injuries associated with @entity1 ( @entity13 ) leading to @entity3 were analyzed in 11 @entity0 , nine injured by traffic accidents, of which five were victims of car-pedestrian accidents. On admission, unconsciousness and @entity10 were noted in all @entity0 , and @entity7 in nine. Skull and cervical roentgenograms revealed enlargement of the retropharyngeal space due to @entity8 or its branches in nine @entity0 , @entity15 (C-1-C-2 separation) in four, and skull @entity2 in four. Computed tomography demonstrated @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in the upper cervical and posterior fossa in nine @entity0 , fourth ventricular @entity9 in seven, and @entity2 in three. @entity4 and ventricular @entity9 were due to @entity14 . Other common @entity1 were @entity1 and head excluding the mandibular region in 10 @entity0 , mandibular @entity2 in three, severe @entity6 in eight, and intraperitoneal @entity5 in two. The overall outcome was poor. Nine @entity0 died within 13 hours of admission, one was diagnosed as @entity11 8 days after the accident, and the other one survived in a persistent vegetative state. Early @entity3 is probably caused by associated severe @entity1 , i.e. @entity6 and intraperitoneal @entity5 rather than @entity13 . Although injury of the mandibular region is known to be associated with @entity13 , head, breast, and @entity12 may also lead to neck hyperextension-flexion in various directions. Whatever the direct cause, a distractive force to the craniocervical joint by hyperextension-flexion appears to be important in the mechanism of @entity13 .

title: Associated XXXX and mechanism of @entity13 caused by @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Injuries associated with @entity1 ( @entity13 ) leading to @entity3 were analyzed in 11 @entity0 , nine injured by traffic accidents, of which five were victims of car-pedestrian accidents. On admission, unconsciousness and @entity10 were noted in all @entity0 , and @entity7 in nine. Skull and cervical roentgenograms revealed enlargement of the retropharyngeal space due to @entity8 or its branches in nine @entity0 , @entity15 (C-1-C-2 separation) in four, and skull @entity2 in four. Computed tomography demonstrated @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in the upper cervical and posterior fossa in nine @entity0 , fourth ventricular @entity9 in seven, and @entity2 in three. @entity4 and ventricular @entity9 were due to @entity14 . Other common @entity1 were @entity1 and head excluding the mandibular region in 10 @entity0 , mandibular @entity2 in three, severe @entity6 in eight, and intraperitoneal @entity5 in two. The overall outcome was poor. Nine @entity0 died within 13 hours of admission, one was diagnosed as @entity11 8 days after the accident, and the other one survived in a persistent vegetative state. Early @entity3 is probably caused by associated severe @entity1 , i.e. @entity6 and intraperitoneal @entity5 rather than @entity13 . Although injury of the mandibular region is known to be associated with @entity13 , head, breast, and @entity12 may also lead to neck hyperextension-flexion in various directions. Whatever the direct cause, a distractive force to the craniocervical joint by hyperextension-flexion appears to be important in the mechanism of @entity13 .

title: Associated @entity1 and mechanism of @entity13 caused by XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Injuries associated with @entity1 ( @entity13 ) leading to @entity3 were analyzed in 11 @entity0 , nine injured by traffic accidents, of which five were victims of car-pedestrian accidents. On admission, unconsciousness and @entity10 were noted in all @entity0 , and @entity7 in nine. Skull and cervical roentgenograms revealed enlargement of the retropharyngeal space due to @entity8 or its branches in nine @entity0 , @entity15 (C-1-C-2 separation) in four, and skull @entity2 in four. Computed tomography demonstrated @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in the upper cervical and posterior fossa in nine @entity0 , fourth ventricular @entity9 in seven, and @entity2 in three. @entity4 and ventricular @entity9 were due to @entity14 . Other common @entity1 were @entity1 and head excluding the mandibular region in 10 @entity0 , mandibular @entity2 in three, severe @entity6 in eight, and intraperitoneal @entity5 in two. The overall outcome was poor. Nine @entity0 died within 13 hours of admission, one was diagnosed as @entity11 8 days after the accident, and the other one survived in a persistent vegetative state. Early @entity3 is probably caused by associated severe @entity1 , i.e. @entity6 and intraperitoneal @entity5 rather than @entity13 . Although injury of the mandibular region is known to be associated with @entity13 , head, breast, and @entity12 may also lead to neck hyperextension-flexion in various directions. Whatever the direct cause, a distractive force to the craniocervical joint by hyperextension-flexion appears to be important in the mechanism of @entity13 .

title: Associated @entity1 and mechanism of XXXX caused by @entity1 .

answer: @entity13


abstract: A well entrenched hypothesis regarding hormonal action is that as the time interval following hormonal deprivation increases there is a corresponding decrease in the sensitivity of the system to the effects of hormone replacement. With this in mind, we examined the effects of a prolonged period of hormonal deprivation (9 mo), and compared these to the effects of a shorter period (1 month), on the restoration of @entity1 and seminal vesicle weights. Castration of sexually vigorous male Long-Evans @entity0 at 6 mo of age was followed by the virtual disappearance of ejaculatory behavior within 1 mo. @entity2 (T) was administered (5 mm or 20 mm T-containing Silastic capsules) either 1 or 9 mo after castration, and copulatory tests were conducted 3, 7, 10, 14, and 17 days later. 5 mmT and 20 mmT were equally effective in restoring behavior in the @entity0 treated 1 mo after castration. In contrast, 5 mmT was more effective in inducing @entity1 than 20 mmT in the @entity0 treated 9 mo after castration. The time course to maximal effect was longer in the @entity0 given T 9 mo after castration. @entity0 were sacrificed 21 days after T administration. Expressed seminal vesicle weights and plasma @entity2 were increased in a dose-dependent manner independent of the postcastration interval. These data indicate that somatic and behavioral effects of T are differentially modified by the period of preceding hormonal deprivation.

title: XXXX -induced @entity1 is affected by the postcastration interval.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A well entrenched hypothesis regarding hormonal action is that as the time interval following hormonal deprivation increases there is a corresponding decrease in the sensitivity of the system to the effects of hormone replacement. With this in mind, we examined the effects of a prolonged period of hormonal deprivation (9 mo), and compared these to the effects of a shorter period (1 month), on the restoration of @entity1 and seminal vesicle weights. Castration of sexually vigorous male Long-Evans @entity0 at 6 mo of age was followed by the virtual disappearance of ejaculatory behavior within 1 mo. @entity2 (T) was administered (5 mm or 20 mm T-containing Silastic capsules) either 1 or 9 mo after castration, and copulatory tests were conducted 3, 7, 10, 14, and 17 days later. 5 mmT and 20 mmT were equally effective in restoring behavior in the @entity0 treated 1 mo after castration. In contrast, 5 mmT was more effective in inducing @entity1 than 20 mmT in the @entity0 treated 9 mo after castration. The time course to maximal effect was longer in the @entity0 given T 9 mo after castration. @entity0 were sacrificed 21 days after T administration. Expressed seminal vesicle weights and plasma @entity2 were increased in a dose-dependent manner independent of the postcastration interval. These data indicate that somatic and behavioral effects of T are differentially modified by the period of preceding hormonal deprivation.

title: @entity2 -induced XXXX is affected by the postcastration interval.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and radiographic progression through 2 years of treatment with intravenous (IV) golimumab + @entity2 ( @entity3 ) in open-label extension of a phase 3 trial of @entity0 with active @entity1 ( @entity1 ) despite @entity3 therapy. Methods: In the phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, GO-FURTHER trial, 592 @entity0 with active @entity1 were randomized (2:1) to IV golimumab 2mg/kg+ @entity3 (Group1) or placebo+ @entity3 (Group2) at wks 0 and 4, then q8w; placebo @entity0 crossed over to golimumab at wk16 (early escape) or wk24 (crossover). The final golimumab infusion was at wk100. Assessments included ACR20/50/70 response, DAS28-CRP score, physical function and quality of life measures, and changes in van der Heijde-Sharp (vdH-S) scores. Safety was monitored through wk112. Results: In total, 486 @entity0 (82.1%) continued treatment through wk100, and 68.1%, 43.8%, and 23.5% had an ACR20/50/70 response, respectively, at wk100. Clinical response and improvements in physical function and quality of life were generally maintained from wk24 through 2 years. Mean change from baseline to wk100 in vdH-S score was 0.74 in Group1 and 2.10 in Group2 (p=0.005); progression from wk52 to wk100 was clinically insignificant in both groups. A total of 481 @entity0 completed the safety follow-up through week 112; 79.1% had an AE, and 18.2% had a SAE. Conclusions: Clinical response to IV golimumab + @entity3 was maintained through wk100. Radiographic progression following golimumab treatment was clinically insignificant between wk52 and wk100.No unexpected AEs occurred through wk112; the safety profile was consistent with anti-TNF therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Maintenance of clinical and radiographic benefit with intravenous golimumab therapy in @entity0 with active XXXX despite methotrexate therapy: Week-112 efficacy and safety results of the open-label long-term extension of the GO-FURTHER trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: To evaluate the safety, efficacy, pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and radiographic progression through 2 years of treatment with intravenous (IV) golimumab + @entity2 ( @entity3 ) in open-label extension of a phase 3 trial of @entity0 with active @entity1 ( @entity1 ) despite @entity3 therapy. Methods: In the phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, GO-FURTHER trial, 592 @entity0 with active @entity1 were randomized (2:1) to IV golimumab 2mg/kg+ @entity3 (Group1) or placebo+ @entity3 (Group2) at wks 0 and 4, then q8w; placebo @entity0 crossed over to golimumab at wk16 (early escape) or wk24 (crossover). The final golimumab infusion was at wk100. Assessments included ACR20/50/70 response, DAS28-CRP score, physical function and quality of life measures, and changes in van der Heijde-Sharp (vdH-S) scores. Safety was monitored through wk112. Results: In total, 486 @entity0 (82.1%) continued treatment through wk100, and 68.1%, 43.8%, and 23.5% had an ACR20/50/70 response, respectively, at wk100. Clinical response and improvements in physical function and quality of life were generally maintained from wk24 through 2 years. Mean change from baseline to wk100 in vdH-S score was 0.74 in Group1 and 2.10 in Group2 (p=0.005); progression from wk52 to wk100 was clinically insignificant in both groups. A total of 481 @entity0 completed the safety follow-up through week 112; 79.1% had an AE, and 18.2% had a SAE. Conclusions: Clinical response to IV golimumab + @entity3 was maintained through wk100. Radiographic progression following golimumab treatment was clinically insignificant between wk52 and wk100.No unexpected AEs occurred through wk112; the safety profile was consistent with anti-TNF therapy. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Maintenance of clinical and radiographic benefit with intravenous golimumab therapy in XXXX with active @entity1 despite methotrexate therapy: Week-112 efficacy and safety results of the open-label long-term extension of the GO-FURTHER trial.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been an increase in @entity5 (MCI) and especially @entity4 (MI) contact @entity1 in recent years. OBJECTIVES: We examined the prevalence and demography of MCI/MI and MI contact @entity1 in @entity0 presenting with @entity3 . METHODS: Eighty @entity0 with @entity3 were patch tested to the British Society for @entity1 standard series, preservatives and own products between January 2012 and March 2014. RESULTS: A total of 14 (17.5%) @entity0 had positive reactions to this preservative. Five (6.3%) @entity0 tested positive to MCI/MI (0.02%), four (5%) @entity0 tested positive to MI (0.2%) and five (6.3%) @entity0 tested positive to both preparations. Six (7.5%) of these @entity0 were @entity2 . All @entity0 were female and the mean age was 53.8  years. Sources of allergen were in cosmetics and skin care products. CONCLUSIONS: Contact @entity1 to MCI/MI and MI are commoner than what was reported before and is an emerging cause of @entity3 . The detection rate of this allergen was increased by 5% in our cohort since the inclusion of MI (0.2%) in the standard series.

title: Prevalence of @entity5 and XXXX contact @entity1 in @entity3 : a single centre Irish study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been an increase in @entity5 (MCI) and especially @entity4 (MI) contact @entity1 in recent years. OBJECTIVES: We examined the prevalence and demography of MCI/MI and MI contact @entity1 in @entity0 presenting with @entity3 . METHODS: Eighty @entity0 with @entity3 were patch tested to the British Society for @entity1 standard series, preservatives and own products between January 2012 and March 2014. RESULTS: A total of 14 (17.5%) @entity0 had positive reactions to this preservative. Five (6.3%) @entity0 tested positive to MCI/MI (0.02%), four (5%) @entity0 tested positive to MI (0.2%) and five (6.3%) @entity0 tested positive to both preparations. Six (7.5%) of these @entity0 were @entity2 . All @entity0 were female and the mean age was 53.8  years. Sources of allergen were in cosmetics and skin care products. CONCLUSIONS: Contact @entity1 to MCI/MI and MI are commoner than what was reported before and is an emerging cause of @entity3 . The detection rate of this allergen was increased by 5% in our cohort since the inclusion of MI (0.2%) in the standard series.

title: Prevalence of @entity5 and @entity4 contact @entity1 in XXXX : a single centre Irish study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been an increase in @entity5 (MCI) and especially @entity4 (MI) contact @entity1 in recent years. OBJECTIVES: We examined the prevalence and demography of MCI/MI and MI contact @entity1 in @entity0 presenting with @entity3 . METHODS: Eighty @entity0 with @entity3 were patch tested to the British Society for @entity1 standard series, preservatives and own products between January 2012 and March 2014. RESULTS: A total of 14 (17.5%) @entity0 had positive reactions to this preservative. Five (6.3%) @entity0 tested positive to MCI/MI (0.02%), four (5%) @entity0 tested positive to MI (0.2%) and five (6.3%) @entity0 tested positive to both preparations. Six (7.5%) of these @entity0 were @entity2 . All @entity0 were female and the mean age was 53.8  years. Sources of allergen were in cosmetics and skin care products. CONCLUSIONS: Contact @entity1 to MCI/MI and MI are commoner than what was reported before and is an emerging cause of @entity3 . The detection rate of this allergen was increased by 5% in our cohort since the inclusion of MI (0.2%) in the standard series.

title: Prevalence of XXXX and @entity4 contact @entity1 in @entity3 : a single centre Irish study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: There has been an increase in @entity5 (MCI) and especially @entity4 (MI) contact @entity1 in recent years. OBJECTIVES: We examined the prevalence and demography of MCI/MI and MI contact @entity1 in @entity0 presenting with @entity3 . METHODS: Eighty @entity0 with @entity3 were patch tested to the British Society for @entity1 standard series, preservatives and own products between January 2012 and March 2014. RESULTS: A total of 14 (17.5%) @entity0 had positive reactions to this preservative. Five (6.3%) @entity0 tested positive to MCI/MI (0.02%), four (5%) @entity0 tested positive to MI (0.2%) and five (6.3%) @entity0 tested positive to both preparations. Six (7.5%) of these @entity0 were @entity2 . All @entity0 were female and the mean age was 53.8  years. Sources of allergen were in cosmetics and skin care products. CONCLUSIONS: Contact @entity1 to MCI/MI and MI are commoner than what was reported before and is an emerging cause of @entity3 . The detection rate of this allergen was increased by 5% in our cohort since the inclusion of MI (0.2%) in the standard series.

title: Prevalence of @entity5 and @entity4 contact XXXX in @entity3 : a single centre Irish study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Ex-drinkers suffer from worse health than drinkers; however, whether a worsening of health is associated with a change in drinking status from early adulthood has not been previously investigated. We assess whether a worsening of health is associated with a cessation in consumption or reduction to special occasion drinking from early adulthood to middle age. METHODS: Multinomial logistic regression assessing whether a change in self-reported limiting longstanding illness (LLI) was associated with ceasing @entity1 consumption, or a reduction to special occasion drinking compared with being a persistent drinker from age 23 in separate models at ages 33, 42, and 50. All models adjusted for sex, poor psychosocial health, education, marital status, and @entity0 in the household. Sample included @entity0 from Great Britain followed longitudinally in the National @entity0 Development Study from ages 23 to 33 (N = 5,529), 42 (N = 4,787), and 50 (N = 4,476). RESULTS: Developing an LLI from the previous wave was associated with ceasing @entity1 consumption at ages 33 (odds ratio [ORs] = 2.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.16-4.93), 42 (OR = 2.44, 95% CI = 1.24-4.81), and 50 (OR = 3.33, 95% CI = 1.56-7.12) and a reduction to special occasion drinking at ages 42 (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.40-2.99) and 50 (OR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.18-3.53). Having a persistent LLI across 2 waves increased the odds of ceasing consumption at ages 42 (OR = 3.22, 95% CI = 1.06-9.77) and 50 (OR = 4.03, 95% CI = 1.72-9.44) and reducing consumption to special occasion drinking at ages 33 (OR = 3.27, 95% CI = 1.34-8.01) and 42 (OR = 2.25, 95% CI = 1.23-4.50). Persistent drinkers at older ages had the best overall health suffering less from previous poor health compared with those who reduced or ceased consumption at an earlier time point. CONCLUSIONS: Developing an LLI was associated with a cessation in @entity1 consumption and a reduction in consumption to special occasion drinking from early adulthood. Persistent drinkers who drank at least till 50 were the healthiest overall. Health selection is likely to influence nondrinking across the life course.

title: Worsening of health and a cessation or reduction in XXXX consumption to special occasion drinking across three decades of the life course.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Articular @entity1 after joint @entity2 seldom heals and often leads to @entity5 . We previously identified a migratory chondrogenic progenitor cell (CPC) population that responds chemotactically to cell death and rapidly repopulates the injured cartilage matrix, which suggests a potential approach for articular cartilage repair. This study was undertaken to determine whether recombinant @entity0 stromal cell-derived factor 1a (rhSDF-1a), a potent CPC chemoattractant, would improve the quality of cartilage regeneration, hypothesizing that increased recruitment of CPCs by rhSDF-1a would promote the formation of cartilage matrix upon chondrogenic induction. METHODS: Full-thickness @entity4 @entity3 were filled with hydrogel, composed of fibrin and hyaluronic acid and containing rhSDF-1a. Cell migration was monitored, followed by chondrogenic induction. Regenerated tissue was evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, and scanning electron microscopy. Push-out tests and unconfined compression tests were performed to assess the strength of tissue integration and the mechanical properties of the regenerated cartilage. RESULTS: Use of rhSDF-1a dramatically improved CPC recruitment to the @entity3 at 12 days. After 6 weeks under chondrogenic conditions, cell morphology, proteoglycan density, and the ultrastructure of the repair tissue were all similar to that found in native cartilage. Compared with empty controls, neocartilage generated in rhSDF-1a-containing defects showed significantly greater interfacial strength, and acquired mechanical properties comparable to those of native cartilage. CONCLUSION: This study showed that stimulating local CPC recruitment prior to treatment with chondrogenic factors significantly improves the biochemical and mechanical properties of the cartilage tissue formed in @entity3 . This simple approach may be implemented in vivo as a one-step procedure by staging the release of chemokine and chondrogenic factors from within the hydrogel, which can be achieved using smart drug-delivery systems.

title: Use of recombinant @entity0 stromal cell-derived factor 1a-loaded fibrin/hyaluronic acid hydrogel networks to achieve functional repair of full-thickness XXXX articular cartilage via homing of chondrogenic progenitor cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Articular @entity1 after joint @entity2 seldom heals and often leads to @entity5 . We previously identified a migratory chondrogenic progenitor cell (CPC) population that responds chemotactically to cell death and rapidly repopulates the injured cartilage matrix, which suggests a potential approach for articular cartilage repair. This study was undertaken to determine whether recombinant @entity0 stromal cell-derived factor 1a (rhSDF-1a), a potent CPC chemoattractant, would improve the quality of cartilage regeneration, hypothesizing that increased recruitment of CPCs by rhSDF-1a would promote the formation of cartilage matrix upon chondrogenic induction. METHODS: Full-thickness @entity4 @entity3 were filled with hydrogel, composed of fibrin and hyaluronic acid and containing rhSDF-1a. Cell migration was monitored, followed by chondrogenic induction. Regenerated tissue was evaluated by histology, immunohistochemistry, and scanning electron microscopy. Push-out tests and unconfined compression tests were performed to assess the strength of tissue integration and the mechanical properties of the regenerated cartilage. RESULTS: Use of rhSDF-1a dramatically improved CPC recruitment to the @entity3 at 12 days. After 6 weeks under chondrogenic conditions, cell morphology, proteoglycan density, and the ultrastructure of the repair tissue were all similar to that found in native cartilage. Compared with empty controls, neocartilage generated in rhSDF-1a-containing defects showed significantly greater interfacial strength, and acquired mechanical properties comparable to those of native cartilage. CONCLUSION: This study showed that stimulating local CPC recruitment prior to treatment with chondrogenic factors significantly improves the biochemical and mechanical properties of the cartilage tissue formed in @entity3 . This simple approach may be implemented in vivo as a one-step procedure by staging the release of chemokine and chondrogenic factors from within the hydrogel, which can be achieved using smart drug-delivery systems.

title: Use of recombinant XXXX stromal cell-derived factor 1a-loaded fibrin/hyaluronic acid hydrogel networks to achieve functional repair of full-thickness @entity4 articular cartilage via homing of chondrogenic progenitor cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Positron emission tomography measures the metabolic activity of tissue. Because metabolism rates are higher in @entity2 than in normal tissue, positron emission tomography can be used to identify abnormal tissue. Positron emission tomography has proved useful in detecting residual or recurrent @entity2 in the brain and gastrointestinal tract after definitive treatment. We selectively used positron emission tomography in a preliminary trial to examine @entity0 with @entity2 who had previously been treated with organ-preservation therapy with radiation therapy alone or in combination with induction chemotherapy. These @entity0 are often difficult to examine both clinically and radiographically because of posttreatment @entity1 and @entity4 . From 1991 to 1993 @entity0 at our institution who were treated with either radiation therapy or a combination of induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy for @entity5 were evaluated after treatment. If clinical examination was suspicious for @entity3 or recurrence, a computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scan was obtained. In 10 @entity0 neither clinical examination nor conventional imaging could absolutely rule out residual/recurrent @entity5 . In these @entity0 positron emission tomography with @entity6 was used to detect disease. The results from positron emission tomography were compared with the results from subsequent biopsy (five @entity0 ) or clinical follow-up. Positron emission tomography had a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 57%. The positive predictive value of positron emission tomography was 67%. The negative predictive value of positron emission tomography was 80%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Positron emission tomography in the detection of residual XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze the survival time and its impact factors among @entity4 @entity0 who initially received antiretroviral treatment (ART) in Liangshan prefecture during 2004-2012. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the information of @entity4 @entity0 who initially received ART. Data on @entity0 was collected from the Chinese @entity4 Antiretroviral Therapy DATAFax Information System. Life table was applied to calculate the survival proportion, and Cox proportion hazard regression model was used to identify impact factors that were related to the time of survival. RESULTS: Among 5 525 @entity4 @entity0 who initially received ART, the median age was (34.5   9.0) year old, with 73.9% being males, 65.8% were infected through injecting drug use, time from @entity3 tested @entity3 positive to starting ART was (23.0  20.1) months. 287 cases died of @entity4 , and their median time of receiving ART was (12.7  10.6) months, and 32.8% of them died within the first 6 months of treatment. Cumulative survival rates of the @entity0 who had received ART in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 years were 97%, 93%, 89%, 88%, 84%, respectively. Results from multivariate Cox regression showed that female @entity0 who received ART were at a lower risk to the @entity1 of @entity4 (HR = 0.556, 95%CI:0.367-0.872), when compared to the males. @entity0 infected with @entity3 through injecting drug use were at a higher risk to @entity1 (HR = 1.569, 95% CI:1.061-2.321) when compared to those who were infected through heterosexual transmission. @entity0 with baseline @entity2 (+) T cells counts at <50 cells/mm(3) (HR = 11.996, 95% CI: 6.714-21.435) or 50-200 cells/mm(3) (HR = 2.481, 95%CI:1.620-3.798) were at a higher risk to @entity1 than those with @entity2 (+)T cell counts >= 350 cells/mm(3). @entity0 without @entity5 were at a lower risk to @entity1 (HR = 0.511, 95% CI:0.330-0.791)when compared to those with @entity5 a year before starting the treatment. CONCLUSION: Antiretroviral treatment could prolong the survival time of @entity4 @entity0 and with a better rate on survival. Programs on follow-up and @entity2 (+)T cell counts for @entity4 @entity0 should be conducted regularly, as well as timely initiated the antiretroviral therapy.

title: [Survival analysis on XXXX patients undergoing antiretroviral treatment, Liangshan prefecture, Sichuan province].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the rates of hospitalization in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity2 ), as well as the effect of hospice utilization on the cost patterns of @entity2 . Over the past decade, dramatic changes in the management of advanced @entity1 have proceeded alongside changes in end-of-life care. But, the impact of these contemporary advances in management of @entity2 and its implications on US health care expenditure remains unknown. METHODS: @entity0 hospitalized with @entity2 from 1998 to 2010 were extracted from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (n  = 100,220). Temporal trends in incidence and charges were assessed by linear regression. Complex samples logistic regression models were used to identify the predictors of in-hospital mortality, elevated hospital charges beyond the 75th percentile and hospice utilization. RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2010, admissions for @entity2 decreased at a rate of  -5.95% per year (P  <.001), whereas per-incident charges increased at the rate of 6.1% (P  <.001) annually; the national economic burden of care was stable. Over the study period, hospice use increased 488.0% per year (P  <.001) but was significantly lower among black (odds ratio [OR], 0.73; P  = .01) and Hispanic (OR, 0.65; P  = .03) @entity0 . In multivariable analyses, hospice utilization was associated with decreased odds of elevated hospital charges beyond the 75th percentile (OR, 0.84; P  = .02). CONCLUSION: Despite a decline in hospitalizations for @entity2 , the economic burden of care has remained stable. Increasing use of hospice services has moderated the effect of rising per-incident hospital charges, highlighting the importance of promoting access to hospice in the right clinical setting. These findings have important policy implications, particularly as advances in treatment are expected to further increase expenditures related to the inpatient management of @entity2 .

title: Burden of hospital admissions and utilization of hospice care in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the rates of hospitalization in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity2 ), as well as the effect of hospice utilization on the cost patterns of @entity2 . Over the past decade, dramatic changes in the management of advanced @entity1 have proceeded alongside changes in end-of-life care. But, the impact of these contemporary advances in management of @entity2 and its implications on US health care expenditure remains unknown. METHODS: @entity0 hospitalized with @entity2 from 1998 to 2010 were extracted from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (n  = 100,220). Temporal trends in incidence and charges were assessed by linear regression. Complex samples logistic regression models were used to identify the predictors of in-hospital mortality, elevated hospital charges beyond the 75th percentile and hospice utilization. RESULTS: Between 1998 and 2010, admissions for @entity2 decreased at a rate of  -5.95% per year (P  <.001), whereas per-incident charges increased at the rate of 6.1% (P  <.001) annually; the national economic burden of care was stable. Over the study period, hospice use increased 488.0% per year (P  <.001) but was significantly lower among black (odds ratio [OR], 0.73; P  = .01) and Hispanic (OR, 0.65; P  = .03) @entity0 . In multivariable analyses, hospice utilization was associated with decreased odds of elevated hospital charges beyond the 75th percentile (OR, 0.84; P  = .02). CONCLUSION: Despite a decline in hospitalizations for @entity2 , the economic burden of care has remained stable. Increasing use of hospice services has moderated the effect of rising per-incident hospital charges, highlighting the importance of promoting access to hospice in the right clinical setting. These findings have important policy implications, particularly as advances in treatment are expected to further increase expenditures related to the inpatient management of @entity2 .

title: Burden of hospital admissions and utilization of hospice care in @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Regionalization of surgical care has improved the quality of care for @entity0 with @entity1 . We explored whether regionalization has benefited white and black @entity0 equally. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used a New York State inpatient database to identify all @entity0 who underwent cystectomy for @entity1 from 1997 to 2011. Hospital volume was classified in quintiles based on the number of cystectomies performed in the first 5 years of the study. Logistic regression was done to assess the association between race and low volume/very low volume hospitals. Racial disparities were further characterized using stratification by time and by the racial composition of the @entity0 community. RESULTS: A total of 8,168 @entity0 treated with cystectomy for @entity1 were included in analysis. Compared with white race, black race was associated with a  higher likelihood of low volume/very low volume hospital use (OR 1.59, 95% CI  1.26-2.02). The disparity was most prominent in 2002 to 2006 (OR 2.51, 95% CI 1.64-3.85) but it did not persist in 2007 to 2011 (OR 1.46, 95% CI 0.92-2.32). Black @entity0 living in a black community had the highest likelihood of low volume/very low volume hospitalization during all periods of increased regionalization (2002 to 2006 OR 4.14, 95% CI 1.84-9.34 and 2007 to 2011 OR 2.40, 95% CI 1.07-5.39). CONCLUSIONS: Regionalization of cystectomy transiently worsened the racial disparity in @entity1 care, although the disparity did not persist with time. Specific efforts may be needed to address the consequences of regionalization in particularly vulnerable subpopulations, such as black @entity0 who live in a black community where disparities have persisted.

title: The Impact of Regionalization of Cystectomy on Racial Disparities in XXXX Care.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The aim of the investigation was to determine the patterns of cerebral involvement on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in @entity9 . Four @entity0 between the ages of 2 and 11 years presented over a 5-year period with a diagnosis of @entity9 . Their imaging studies and clinical data were reviewed retrospectively. The medical histories of all four @entity0 were noncontributory except for recent bouts of chickenpox 1 week to 3 months prior to hospitalization. Three @entity0 presented with @entity6 manifestations. Bilateral, symmetric hypodense, nonenhancing @entity2 were found on CT. These areas showed nonenhancing low signal intensity on T1-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted images on MR. One @entity0 presented with diffuse, multiple gray and @entity3 of similar imaging characteristics; some lesions, however, did enhance. This @entity0 had no gait disturbances. @entity9 can produce two patterns of dramatic CT and MR findings. With an appropriate history and clinical findings, varicella as a cause of bilateral basal ganglia or diffuse @entity4 can be differentiated from other possible etiologies which include @entity5 , @entity8 , @entity7 and @entity1 .

title: MR and CT imaging patterns in XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND: Detailed reports on @entity7 (formerly "mucinous @entity3 ") have not been published. We evaluated the correlation between thin-section computed tomography findings and the clinicopathologic characteristics and prognosis of @entity7 . METHODS: From April 1997 to March 2008, 45 @entity1 were diagnosed as @entity7 . Five cases of @entity1 or @entity7 were excluded. @entity2 were classified as "solitary-type" or " @entity2 according to the thin-section computed tomography findings. We evaluated the clinicopathologic characteristics and the @entity5 and @entity6 gene mutation statuses and correlated the thin-section computed tomography findings with @entity0 prognoses. RESULTS: Thirty @entity0 had solitary-type and 10 had @entity2 . The lesions in 23, 14, and 3 @entity0 were classified as pathologic stage I, stage II, and stage III, respectively. Five @entity0 had @entity4 in situ, 9 had minimally invasive @entity4 , and 26  had invasive @entity7 . Thirteen @entity0 showed recurrences, which were classified as intrapulmonary metastases in all @entity0 . The 5-year overall and relapse-free survival rates were 83.3% and 88.8%, respectively, in @entity0 with @entity2 and 20.0% and 0%, respectively, in @entity0 with @entity2 (p < 0.001). The median follow-up time for surviving @entity0 was 81 months. @entity6 mutations were detected in 30 @entity0 , but @entity5 mutations were absent in all @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicated that thin-section computed tomography findings for @entity7 were useful in predicting prognosis before surgical resection. Further studies are required to improve the treatment strategy for @entity7 .

title: Relation Between Thin-Section Computed Tomography and Clinical Findings of XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: AIMS: To evaluate potential prognostic factors for predicting survival after radiotherapy in @entity0 with painful spinal metastases and normal neurological function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 173 @entity0 were included. The following prognostic factors were assessed: primary @entity1 site, age, gender, albumin and haemoglobin levels, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), analgesic use, @entity2 intensity, number of extraspinal bone metastases and visceral metastases, presence of @entity1 -conditioned spinal canal stenosis and metastatic @entity4 , and extension of spinal metastatic disease on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ongoing systemic treatment, use of @entity3 and response to radiotherapy were also evaluated. A simple scoring system for predicting survival was used. RESULTS: The following predictive factors were found to be significant in multivariate analysis: primary @entity1 site, KPS, albumin level, number of visceral metastases and analgesic use. Three survival groups were proposed. The overall survival probabilities for groups 1-3 were 13, 46 and 94% at 6 months; 4, 28 and 79% at 12 months, respectively. The median survival times for groups 1-3 were 2.1, 5.5 and 24.9 months, respectively (P  <  0.001). CONCLUSION: The pretreatment albumin level was a significant prognostic indicator for survival. Similarly, the primary @entity1 site, KPS and number of visceral metastases were associated with survival; these findings were consistent with the results of previous studies. The pretreatment analgesic use was significant using the univariate and multivariate analyses and this factor can be verified in future trials. Self-reported @entity2 intensity, @entity2 response to radiotherapy and MRI findings did not influence survival times.

title: Prognostic Factors in XXXX with Symptomatic Spinal Metastases and Normal Neurological Function.

answer: @entity0