abstract: Modulation of inhibitory @entity6 receptors by @entity2 ( @entity9 ) and endogenous redox agents such as @entity4 may alter inhibition in the @entity0 brain. Despite the abundance of @entity9 in the hippocampus and its ability to modulate @entity6 receptors, few studies have examined @entity9 modulation of hippocampal @entity6 receptors. Whether redox agents modulate hippocampal @entity6 receptors also remains unknown. This study examined @entity9 and redox modulation of @entity6 receptor-mediated currents in cultured embryonic @entity1 hippocampal neurons using whole-cell recordings. @entity9 concentrations below 10 microM potentiated currents elicited by low @entity6 , @entity12 , and @entity5 concentrations by 300-400%. @entity9 concentrations above 300 microM produced nearly complete inhibition. Potentiating @entity9 concentrations shifted the dose-response curves for the three agonists to the left and decreased the Hill coefficient for @entity6 and @entity12 but not @entity5 . Inhibiting @entity9 concentrations shifted the dose-response curves for @entity6 and @entity12 to the right but reduced the maximum @entity5 response. @entity7 residues may participate in potentiation because @entity13 and pH 5.4 diminished @entity9 enhancement of @entity6 currents. pH 5.4 diminished @entity9 block of @entity6 currents, but @entity13 did not. These findings indicate that separate sites mediate @entity9 potentiation and inhibition. The redox agents @entity4 , @entity8 , @entity14 , and @entity10 did not alter @entity6 currents by a redox mechanism. However, @entity4 and @entity8 interfered with the effects of @entity9 on @entity6 currents by chelating it. @entity11 had similar effects. Thus, @entity9 and @entity3 containing redox agents that chelate @entity9 modulate hippocampal @entity6 receptors with the mechanism of @entity9 modulation being agonist dependent.

title: Modulation of inhibitory @entity6 receptors in cultured embryonic @entity1 hippocampal neurons by @entity2 , @entity3 containing redox agents and XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: @entity4 , @entity4 , and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) are significant health problems and an economic burden to society. The renin-angiotensin- @entity9 system (RAAS) may play a key role in the occurrence of structural and electrical remodeling, potentially explaining the development of @entity4 . @entity10 has been shown to regulate cardiac cell proliferation and to modulate cardiac myocyte ion channels. Results of post hoc analyses from prospective clinical trials appear to show that @entity8 ( @entity8 ) inhibitors and @entity10 receptor blockers (ARBs) are most effective in the prevention of new-onset @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity3 . It is difficult to determine if these agents are useful in the prevention of new-onset @entity5 after @entity2 , and available evidence suggests that the benefit of @entity8 inhibitors and ARBs for prevention of new-onset @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity1 appears limited to those with @entity11 . @entity0 with structural changes in cardiac muscle, such as those with @entity3 and @entity11 , appear to benefit the most from RAAS blockade, possibly due to the theory of reversal of cardiac remodeling. There is no evidence, to our knowledge, that either @entity8 inhibitors or ARBs facilitate direct electrical current cardioversion in @entity0 with @entity5 ; however, it appears that RAAS blockade may be useful in the prevention of recurrent @entity5 after direct electrical current cardioversion. Whether @entity8 inhibitors may prevent life-threatening @entity4 or @entity7 is unclear. @entity9 antagonists appear to be useful for the prevention of @entity7 in @entity0 with @entity6 . Results from ongoing clinical trials are anticipated to provide further insight on the potential roles of RAAS inhibitors for the prevention of @entity4 .

title: Role of @entity8 inhibitors, @entity10 receptor blockers, and @entity9 antagonists in the prevention of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity4 , @entity4 , and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) are significant health problems and an economic burden to society. The renin-angiotensin- @entity9 system (RAAS) may play a key role in the occurrence of structural and electrical remodeling, potentially explaining the development of @entity4 . @entity10 has been shown to regulate cardiac cell proliferation and to modulate cardiac myocyte ion channels. Results of post hoc analyses from prospective clinical trials appear to show that @entity8 ( @entity8 ) inhibitors and @entity10 receptor blockers (ARBs) are most effective in the prevention of new-onset @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity3 . It is difficult to determine if these agents are useful in the prevention of new-onset @entity5 after @entity2 , and available evidence suggests that the benefit of @entity8 inhibitors and ARBs for prevention of new-onset @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity1 appears limited to those with @entity11 . @entity0 with structural changes in cardiac muscle, such as those with @entity3 and @entity11 , appear to benefit the most from RAAS blockade, possibly due to the theory of reversal of cardiac remodeling. There is no evidence, to our knowledge, that either @entity8 inhibitors or ARBs facilitate direct electrical current cardioversion in @entity0 with @entity5 ; however, it appears that RAAS blockade may be useful in the prevention of recurrent @entity5 after direct electrical current cardioversion. Whether @entity8 inhibitors may prevent life-threatening @entity4 or @entity7 is unclear. @entity9 antagonists appear to be useful for the prevention of @entity7 in @entity0 with @entity6 . Results from ongoing clinical trials are anticipated to provide further insight on the potential roles of RAAS inhibitors for the prevention of @entity4 .

title: Role of @entity8 inhibitors, XXXX receptor blockers, and @entity9 antagonists in the prevention of @entity4 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity4 , @entity4 , and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) are significant health problems and an economic burden to society. The renin-angiotensin- @entity9 system (RAAS) may play a key role in the occurrence of structural and electrical remodeling, potentially explaining the development of @entity4 . @entity10 has been shown to regulate cardiac cell proliferation and to modulate cardiac myocyte ion channels. Results of post hoc analyses from prospective clinical trials appear to show that @entity8 ( @entity8 ) inhibitors and @entity10 receptor blockers (ARBs) are most effective in the prevention of new-onset @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity3 . It is difficult to determine if these agents are useful in the prevention of new-onset @entity5 after @entity2 , and available evidence suggests that the benefit of @entity8 inhibitors and ARBs for prevention of new-onset @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity1 appears limited to those with @entity11 . @entity0 with structural changes in cardiac muscle, such as those with @entity3 and @entity11 , appear to benefit the most from RAAS blockade, possibly due to the theory of reversal of cardiac remodeling. There is no evidence, to our knowledge, that either @entity8 inhibitors or ARBs facilitate direct electrical current cardioversion in @entity0 with @entity5 ; however, it appears that RAAS blockade may be useful in the prevention of recurrent @entity5 after direct electrical current cardioversion. Whether @entity8 inhibitors may prevent life-threatening @entity4 or @entity7 is unclear. @entity9 antagonists appear to be useful for the prevention of @entity7 in @entity0 with @entity6 . Results from ongoing clinical trials are anticipated to provide further insight on the potential roles of RAAS inhibitors for the prevention of @entity4 .

title: Role of XXXX inhibitors, @entity10 receptor blockers, and @entity9 antagonists in the prevention of @entity4 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity4 , @entity4 , and @entity7 ( @entity7 ) are significant health problems and an economic burden to society. The renin-angiotensin- @entity9 system (RAAS) may play a key role in the occurrence of structural and electrical remodeling, potentially explaining the development of @entity4 . @entity10 has been shown to regulate cardiac cell proliferation and to modulate cardiac myocyte ion channels. Results of post hoc analyses from prospective clinical trials appear to show that @entity8 ( @entity8 ) inhibitors and @entity10 receptor blockers (ARBs) are most effective in the prevention of new-onset @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity3 . It is difficult to determine if these agents are useful in the prevention of new-onset @entity5 after @entity2 , and available evidence suggests that the benefit of @entity8 inhibitors and ARBs for prevention of new-onset @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity1 appears limited to those with @entity11 . @entity0 with structural changes in cardiac muscle, such as those with @entity3 and @entity11 , appear to benefit the most from RAAS blockade, possibly due to the theory of reversal of cardiac remodeling. There is no evidence, to our knowledge, that either @entity8 inhibitors or ARBs facilitate direct electrical current cardioversion in @entity0 with @entity5 ; however, it appears that RAAS blockade may be useful in the prevention of recurrent @entity5 after direct electrical current cardioversion. Whether @entity8 inhibitors may prevent life-threatening @entity4 or @entity7 is unclear. @entity9 antagonists appear to be useful for the prevention of @entity7 in @entity0 with @entity6 . Results from ongoing clinical trials are anticipated to provide further insight on the potential roles of RAAS inhibitors for the prevention of @entity4 .

title: Role of @entity8 inhibitors, @entity10 receptor blockers, and XXXX antagonists in the prevention of @entity4 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Ninety-two @entity0 with malignant @entity1 diagnosed from 1977 to 1983 received split course external beam radiotherapy. The initial course of radiation consisted of 3000 cGy whole brain in ten fractions 5 days a week. After a 2-week rest, treatment was continued to a portal restricted to the computerized tomography scan demonstrated abnormality plus a margin for an additional 2100 cGy (total 5100 cGy/17 fx/36 days). The optic chiasm and hypothalamus were excluded from the high dose region. Following review of all pathologic specimens, three @entity0 with @entity1 , three lacking histologic confirmation, two unbiopsied and eleven not receiving the prescribed treatment were excluded from the survival analysis. No @entity0 were lost to follow-up. Surviving @entity0 were followed 85 months (median); range 68-125 months. All remaining @entity0 were followed until @entity3 . The median actuarial survival for 73 grade III and IV @entity0 was 12.5 months. The 5-year actuarial survival was 10%. The median survival for 54 grade IV @entity0 was 10 months. The 5-year survival was 4%. For 19 grade III @entity0 the median survival was 22.5 months. The 5-year survival was 26%. There was one long-term grade IV survivor (68 mos.) and four long-term grade III survivors (76, 85, 108, 125 mos). No @entity0 developed @entity5 . One @entity0 , an 85 months survivor, had biopsy documented radionecrosis and @entity4 . The incidence of @entity2 among 62 @entity0 alive 6 months or more (and therefore at risk of @entity2 ) is 1/62 (2%). The incidence among survivors is 1/5. The nominal standard dose for this regimen is 1749 ret. The predictive value of the "nominal standard dose" and "equivalent dose" formulae for @entity2 is explored. We conclude (a) that this regimen provides a survival probability equivalent to conventional treatment for grade III and IV @entity1 , (b) that neither the equivalent nor nominal standard doses predicted the incidence of @entity2 , (c) that the time dose schedule is well tolerated and has an acceptable risk-benefit ratio, (d) that its advantage to the @entity0 is decreased time requirement and cost.

title: Treatment of supratentorial high grade XXXX with split course high fractional dose postoperative radiotherapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Two hundred and sixty-six @entity0 developed recurrence after external beam radiation therapy for Stage B or @entity1 . The median survival from the time of recurrence was 30 months, the 5-year actuarial survival was 22% and the 8-year actuarial survival was 13%. The original stage influences survival after recurrence. Median survival @entity2 months for Stage B and 27 months for Stage C. Five-year actuarial survivals are 31% for Stage B and 16% for Stage C. The site of recurrence (infield or metastatic) influences survival after recurrence. Median survival @entity3 months for infield and 25 months for metastatic. Five-year actuarial survival is 30% for infield and 17% for metastatic. The time of recurrence influences survival after recurrence, comparing survival in @entity0 recurring in the first year after treatment, to @entity0 recurring in the second or later years after treatment. Median survival after recurrence is 14 months for those who recur in the first year, 32 months for those who recur later. Histologic grade influences survival after recurrence. Median survivals are 49 months for well differentiated, 31 months for moderately differentiated, and 23 months for poorly differentiated. Cox regression analysis indicates that original stage, site of recurrence (local vs. metastatic), time of recurrence after therapy, and histologic grade are all independent variables influencing survival after recurrence (p = less than .01). This study supports the aggressive treatment of @entity1 to prevent recurrence and provides a means of estimating prognosis for @entity0 who suffer a recurrence of their @entity1 after treatment.

title: Analysis of independent variables affecting survival after recurrence of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: We assessed the effect of irradiation on @entity1 expression in blood vessels of the @entity0 bladder wall during the early and late radiation response phases. Vasodilatation was quantified as an additional marker of inflammation related to @entity1 activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female C3H/Neu @entity0 were irradiated with a single dose of 20 Gy. The intensity of the @entity1 immunohistochemical staining signal was assessed using an arbitrary semiquantitative score of 0 to 3. To evaluate vasodilatation the percent of the bladder wall covered by the lumen of the blood vessels, depicted as vascular area, was determined. RESULTS: Constitutive @entity1 expression was found in the tunica intima and media of bladder blood vessels. During the early response significant biphasic changes were detected in the @entity1 staining signal as well as in the vascular area with peak values on days 4 and 16 after irradiation. A significant association was found between vascular area and @entity1 expression in blood vessels during the early radiation response (p <0.0001). No changes in @entity1 expression were observed during the late phase, that is between days 90 and 360 after irradiation. Minor vasodilatation seen during the late phase did not correlate with @entity1 activity. CONCLUSIONS: Irradiation resulted in pronounced @entity1 dependent inflammatory changes in the bladder wall during the early but not during the late radiation reaction. Therefore, a potential effect of @entity1 inhibition on early radiation side effects in the bladder can be proposed.

title: Radiation induced inflammatory changes in the XXXX bladder: the role of cyclooxygenase-2.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine ethnic differences in the content of delusions and @entity4 among a tri-ethnic sample of adult @entity1 inpatients older than 40 years who were hospitalized with an @entity2 . METHODS: A chart review of inpatient episodes for 133 middle-aged and older adult @entity0 (31 African Americans, 50 Latinos, and 52 @entity5 -Americans) with a mean age of 50 years was performed at an acute behavioral medicine unit at a university hospital. All @entity0 were diagnosed with a severe @entity3 . The content and frequency of @entity2 symptoms were systematically reviewed using a structured checklist and comparisons across ethnic groups were made using chi(2) statistics. RESULTS: Ethnic group differences were found in the contents and subtypes of delusions and @entity4 . Significant ethnic differences were found in symptom content, consistent with findings from studies on younger samples of inpatients. @entity5 -Americans were nearly twice as likely as Latinos to report delusions of grandiosity. African Americans were more likely than Latinos to report general @entity6 . Latinos reported more culturally influenced contents than the other groups. CONCLUSION: Raising provider awareness of ethnic variation in symptom expression is a key step in the process of developing effective treatments for ethnically diverse middle-aged and older @entity0 populations.

title: Cross-ethnic evaluation of XXXX symptom content in hospitalized middle-aged and older adults.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to compare postoperative outcome in two groups of @entity0 with chronic severe @entity2 ( @entity2 ): those operated on early and those operated on late according to the guidelines. BACKGROUND: The impact of earlier surgery for chronic severe @entity2 as defined in guidelines has not been evaluated. METHODS: A total of 170 @entity0 with chronic severe @entity2 submitted to aortic valve replacement were prospectively followed up. @entity0 were divided in two groups depending on the clinical situation at the time of surgery. Group A were 60 @entity0 who were operated on following guidelines advice of earlier surgery, and group B were 110 @entity0 who were operated on late with regard to guideline recommendations. RESULTS: Follow-up was 10 +/- 6 years (1 to 22 years). During follow-up 44 @entity0 died, 7 @entity0 (12%) from group A and 37 (37%) from group B (p = 0.001). The cause of @entity1 was non-cardiac in 11 @entity0 , 2 (3%) in group A and 9 (8%) in group B. @entity1 occurred in 33 @entity0 , 5 (9%) from group A and 28 (28%) from group B (p = 0.002). Causes of @entity1 differed between groups A and B: @entity3 or @entity4 were significantly more frequent in group B (20 @entity0 vs. 1 @entity0 , p = 0.001). Overall survival in groups A and B was 90 +/- 4% vs. 75 +/- 8% at 5 years, 86 +/- 5% vs. 64 +/- 5% at 10 years, and 78 +/- 7% vs. 53 +/- 6% at 15 years, respectively (p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Early operation as defined in the guidelines improves long-term survival in @entity0 with chronic @entity2 .

title: Long-term outcome of surgically treated XXXX : influence of guideline adherence toward early surgery.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 resulting in the loss of photoreceptors is the leading cause of @entity2 . Several therapeutic protocols are under consideration for treatment of this disease. Tissue replacement is one such strategy currently being explored. However, availability of tissues for transplant poses a major obstacle. Another strategy with great potential is the use of adult stem cells, which could be expanded in culture and then utilized to engineer retinal tissue. In this study, we have explored a spontaneously immortalized @entity0 retinal progenitor cell line for its potential in retinal engineering using rotary cultures to generate three-dimensional (3D) structures. Retinal progenitors cultured alone or cocultured with retinal pigment epithelial cells form aggregates. The aggregate size increases between days 1 and 10. The cells grown as a 3D culture rotary system, which promotes cell-cell interaction, retain a spectrum of differentiation capability. Photoreceptor differentiation in these cultures is confirmed by significant upregulation of @entity5 and @entity8 , an enzyme implicated in @entity4 synthesis (immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis). Photoreceptor induction and differentiation is further attested to by the upregulation of rod transcription factor @entity7 , Nr(2)e(3), expression of interstitial retinal binding protein, and @entity5 kinase by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Differentiation toward other cell lineages is confirmed by the expression of @entity1 hydroxylase in amacrine cells, thy 1.1 expression in ganglion cells and calbindin, and @entity6 expression in cone cells. The capability of retinal progenitors to give rise to several retinal cell types when grown as aggregated cells in rotary culture offers hope that progenitor stem cells under appropriate culture conditions will be valuable to engineer retinal constructs, which could be further tested for their transplant potential. The fidelity with which this multipotential cell line retains its capacity to differentiate into multiple cell types holds great promise for the use of tissue-specific adult stem cells for therapy.

title: Engineering retina from XXXX retinal progenitors (cell lines).

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: A biofilm is a complex community of microorganisms that develop on surfaces in diverse environments. The thickness of the biofilm plays a crucial role in the physiology of the immobilized bacteria. The most cariogenic bacteria, mutans streptococci, are common inhabitants of a dental biofilm community. In this study, DNA-microarray analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes associated with the thickness of @entity2 biofilms. RESULTS: Comparative transcriptome analyses indicated that expression of 29 genes was differentially altered in 400- vs. 100-microns depth and 39 genes in 200- vs. 100-microns biofilms. Only 10 @entity2 genes showed differential expression in both 400- vs. 100-microns and 200- vs. 100-microns biofilms. All of these genes were upregulated. As @entity1 is a predominant factor in oral biofilm development, its influence was evaluated on selected genes expression in the various depths of biofilms. The presence of @entity1 did not noticeably change the regulation of these genes in 400- vs. 100-microns and/or 200- vs. 100-microns biofilms tested by real-time RT-PCR. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression profile of selected biofilm thickness associated genes in the luxS- mutant strain. The expression of those genes was not radically changed in the mutant strain compared to wild-type bacteria in @entity0 . Only slight downregulation was recorded in SMU.2146c, SMU.574, SMU.609, and SMU.987 genes expression in luxS- bacteria in biofilm vs. planktonic environments. CONCLUSION: These findings reveal genes associated with the thickness of biofilms of @entity2 . Expression of these genes is apparently not regulated directly by luxS and is not necessarily influenced by the presence of @entity1 in the growth media.

title: DNA-microarrays identification of XXXX genes associated with biofilm thickness.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To assess the acute tolerance of delivering concurrent @entity4 and extended field radiotherapy (EFRT) using intensity-modulated radiotherapy technique (IMRT) for @entity1 . METHODS: All @entity0 receiving definitive treatment for cervical @entity1 were treated with EFRT using IMRT technique and concurrent @entity4 . The treatment volume included the cervix, uterus, parametria, presacral space, @entity6 , pelvic, common iliac, and paraaortic nodes to the top of L1. All regions received 45 Gy (25 fractions) with a simultaneous boost to involved nodes (55 Gy/25 fractions). @entity0 were assessed weekly for @entity2 and response. RESULTS: Twenty-two consecutive @entity0 underwent treatment. All @entity0 completed the prescribed course of EFRT. Median treatment length was 39.5 days (range 36-53). Treatment breaks of 2 and 3 days were required for bone @entity3 in 2 @entity0 . The final week of chemotherapy was held in 2 @entity0 because of @entity5 . No @entity0 suffered acute or subacute grade 3 or 4 GI or GU @entity2 . CONCLUSION: In this clinical study, an IMRT technique was used to successfully deliver EFRT with concurrent chemosensitization for cervical @entity1 . The technique was associated with an acceptable acute @entity2 without significant treatment protraction. This new role for IMRT merits further evaluation with larger @entity0 numbers and longer follow-up.

title: Feasibility of concurrent XXXX and extended field radiation therapy (EFRT) using intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for carcinoma of the cervix.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: An inverse relationship between estimates of renal function, with formulas such as the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) study equation or the Cockcroft-Gault formula, and mortality has been suggested. These formulas both contain the variables sex, serum @entity4 and age and the latter also contains body weight. We investigated whether these formulas predict mortality better than the variables they contain together in @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 . METHODS: In 1998, 1143 primary care @entity0 with @entity3 2 @entity1 participated in the Zwolle Outpatient @entity1 project Integrating Available Care (ZODIAC) Study, in the Netherlands. Clinical and laboratory data were collected at baseline. Life status was assessed after 6 years. We used Cox proportional hazard modelling to investigate the association between estimates of renal function (continuous data) and the variables they contain and mortality, adjusting for confounders. Both formulas were compared with models consisting of the variables present in the formulas. Predictability was assessed using Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and Harrell's C statistics. RESULTS: At follow-up, 335 @entity0 had died. All variables, except sex, influenced mortality. Predictive capability, indicated by lower BIC values and higher Harrell's C values, was up to 10% better for models containing the separate variables as compared with Cockcroft-Gault or @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Using estimates of renal function to assess mortality risk decreases predictability as compared with the combination of the risk factors they contain. These formulas, therefore, could be used to estimate renal function; however, they should not be used as a tool to predict mortality risk.

title: XXXX and Cockcroft-Gault formulas do not predict mortality (ZODIAC-6).

answer: @entity2


abstract: We have identified and characterized multiple forms of @entity4 reductase (BVR) in control @entity0 liver cytosol. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of the purified BVR resolved a minimum of 10 discrete protein zones. All 10 proteins were BVR as judged by immunological cross-reactivity toward rabbit anti-rat BVR. Based on the isoelectric focusing pattern of separation, the BVR variants could be organized into five net-charge groups designated as BVR-IEF1 to BVR-IEF5 and three molecular mass groups designated as BVR-MW1-BVR-MW3, respectively. The pI values of the net-charge groups were: BVR-IEF1, 6.23; IEF2, 5.91; IEF3, 5.76; IEF4, 5.61; IEF5, 5.48. The Mr values of the molecular mass groups were: BVR-MW1, 30,400; MW2, 30,700; MW3, 31,400. Single dimension slab gel isoelectric focusing offered greater resolution of the net charge variants, and BVR-IEF3 was further resolved into two variants, IEF3a and IEF3b, with pIs of 5.77 and 5.75, respectively. The six net-charge variants also resolved on a preparative chromatofocusing column and were designated as BVR- @entity5 -BVR-CF6. The pH values of the peak fractions were: BVR- @entity5 , 6.91; CF2, 6.33; CF3, 6.03; CF4, 5.82; CF5, 5.45; CF6, 5.27. Correspondence between the isoelectric focusing net-charge variants and the chromatofocusing net-charge variants was established. The Mr and net-charge variants did not represent partially degraded forms of @entity4 reductase produced during purification since the pattern of resolution of variants on slab gel isoelectric focusing or two-dimensional electrophoresis did not change by purifying the proteins in the presence of protease inhibitors and 5 mM @entity1 . BVR-CF2 and BVR-CF4 were purified and examined for pH-dependent cofactor requirements for activity. Both net-charge variants and two pH optima that were cofactor-dependent; maximum activity with @entity2 , however, was at pH 8.5 and with @entity3 at pH 6.7. With both variants, however, a higher catalytic rate was observed with @entity3 than with @entity2 at their respective pH optima. Furthermore, BVR-CF2 exhibited a higher catalytic rate than did BVR-CF4 with either cofactor throughout the pH range of 5-9.

title: Detection of 10 variants of XXXX reductase in @entity0 liver by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We have identified and characterized multiple forms of @entity4 reductase (BVR) in control @entity0 liver cytosol. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of the purified BVR resolved a minimum of 10 discrete protein zones. All 10 proteins were BVR as judged by immunological cross-reactivity toward rabbit anti-rat BVR. Based on the isoelectric focusing pattern of separation, the BVR variants could be organized into five net-charge groups designated as BVR-IEF1 to BVR-IEF5 and three molecular mass groups designated as BVR-MW1-BVR-MW3, respectively. The pI values of the net-charge groups were: BVR-IEF1, 6.23; IEF2, 5.91; IEF3, 5.76; IEF4, 5.61; IEF5, 5.48. The Mr values of the molecular mass groups were: BVR-MW1, 30,400; MW2, 30,700; MW3, 31,400. Single dimension slab gel isoelectric focusing offered greater resolution of the net charge variants, and BVR-IEF3 was further resolved into two variants, IEF3a and IEF3b, with pIs of 5.77 and 5.75, respectively. The six net-charge variants also resolved on a preparative chromatofocusing column and were designated as BVR- @entity5 -BVR-CF6. The pH values of the peak fractions were: BVR- @entity5 , 6.91; CF2, 6.33; CF3, 6.03; CF4, 5.82; CF5, 5.45; CF6, 5.27. Correspondence between the isoelectric focusing net-charge variants and the chromatofocusing net-charge variants was established. The Mr and net-charge variants did not represent partially degraded forms of @entity4 reductase produced during purification since the pattern of resolution of variants on slab gel isoelectric focusing or two-dimensional electrophoresis did not change by purifying the proteins in the presence of protease inhibitors and 5 mM @entity1 . BVR-CF2 and BVR-CF4 were purified and examined for pH-dependent cofactor requirements for activity. Both net-charge variants and two pH optima that were cofactor-dependent; maximum activity with @entity2 , however, was at pH 8.5 and with @entity3 at pH 6.7. With both variants, however, a higher catalytic rate was observed with @entity3 than with @entity2 at their respective pH optima. Furthermore, BVR-CF2 exhibited a higher catalytic rate than did BVR-CF4 with either cofactor throughout the pH range of 5-9.

title: Detection of 10 variants of @entity4 reductase in XXXX liver by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Serratia spp. are an important cause of @entity1 and outbreaks in high-risk settings. Twenty-one @entity0 were infected or colonized over a nine-month period during 2001-2002 on a neonatal unit. Twenty-two isolates collected were examined for antibiotic susceptibility, beta-lactamase production and genotype. Random-amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that two clones were present. The first clone caused invasive @entity2 in four babies, and was subsequently replaced by a non-invasive clone that affected 14 babies. Phenotypically, the two strains also differed in their prodigiosin production; the first strain was non-pigmented whereas the second strain displayed @entity3 . Clinical features suggested a difference in their pathogenicity. No environmental source was found. The outbreak terminated following enhanced compliance with infection control measures and a change of antibiotic policy. Although @entity4 continued to be isolated occasionally for another five months of follow-up, these were sporadic isolates with distinct molecular typing patterns.

title: An outbreak of XXXX on the neonatal unit: a tale of two clones.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Retrospective large @entity0 database studies have reported conflicting findings regarding @entity1 risks associated with antipsychotics. This study compared two study designs to assess antipsychotic-related @entity1 risk. METHODS: Claims data were analyzed for over 60,000 @entity0 with @entity2 , both treated and untreated with antipsychotics, between January 1999 and April 2002. @entity1 odds ratios for @entity0 treated with antipsychotics versus untreated @entity0 were estimated. All @entity0 and @entity0 stratified by low, medium, and high antipsychotic dose were analyzed. Logistic regression controlled for age, sex, type of @entity2 , length of observation/treatment, preexisting excess weight, and use of other drugs. RESULTS: Under a less rigorous study design, @entity1 risk was statistically significant with all antipsychotics versus no treatment. Under a more rigorous design, relative odds for @entity4 and @entity5 declined and became statistically nonsignificant, whereas those for @entity3 and conventional antipsychotics increased and remained significant. By dose, only @entity4 showed a lack of statistical significance at all dose levels. CONCLUSIONS: In database studies estimated risks of antipsychotic-related @entity1 are affected by study design. With a more rigorous design, the risk associated with @entity4 and @entity5 was not significantly different from that in untreated @entity0 . These findings may explain inconsistent findings in pharmacoepidemiologic database studies.

title: The influence of study design on the results of pharmacoepidemiologic studies of XXXX risk with antipsychotic therapy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Bioimpedance has been shown to be a safe technique when used in a number of biomedical applications. In this study, we used the Electro Interstitial Scan (EIS) to perform bioimpedance measurements to follow up the efficacy of selective @entity3 reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment in subjects diagnosed to have major @entity2 . METHODS: We recruited 59 subjects (38 @entity0 , 21 @entity0 ) aged 17-76 (mean 47) years diagnosed with major @entity2 by psychiatric assessment at the Botkin Hospital according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity1 , Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Baseline Clinical Global Impression scores and EIS (electrical conductivity and dispersion a parameter) measurements were done before starting SSRI therapy. Treatment follow-up was undertaken using EIS bioimpedance measurements and by treatment response based on the Hamilton Depression Scale and Clinical Global Impression, every 15 days for 60 days. At day 45, we classified the @entity0 into two groups, ie, Group 1, including treatment responders, and Group 2, including nonresponders. At day 60, @entity0 were classified into two further groups, ie, Group 3, comprising treatment responders, and Group 4, comprising nonresponders. RESULTS: Comparing Group 1 and Group 2, electrical conductivity measurement of the pathway between the two forehead electrodes had a specificity of 72% and a sensitivity of 85.3% (P < 0.0001), with a cutoff >4.32. Comparing Group 3 and Group 4, electrical conductivity measurements in the same pathway had a specificity of 47.6% and a sensitivity of 76.3% (P < 0.16), with a cutoff >5.92. Comparing Group 1 and Group 2, the electrical dispersion a parameter of the pathway between the two disposable forehead electrodes had a specificity of 80% and a sensitivity of 85.2% (P < 0.0001) with a cutoff >0.678. Comparing Group 3 and Group 4, the electrical dispersion a parameter of the same pathway had a specificity of 100%, a sensitivity of 89.5% (P < 0.0001), and a cutoff >0.692. CONCLUSION: Electrical conductivity measurement of the forehead pathway using EIS has a high specificity and sensitivity at day 45 when comparing treatment responders and nonresponders, but decreases at day 60. The EIS electrical dispersion a parameter of the forehead pathway has a high specificity and sensitivity at day 45 when comparing treatment responders and nonresponders, and increases at day 60. The EIS system may be a noninvasive, easily administered, low-cost technique that could be used as an adjunct to DSM-IV and Clinical Global Impression scores for monitoring of efficacy of treatment in @entity0 with major @entity2 .

title: Bioimpedance in monitoring of effects of selective XXXX reuptake inhibitor treatment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To define the role of bypass surgery and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty to manage critical limb ischaemia due to infrainguinal @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Regional hospital, Hong Kong. @entity0 : Consecutive @entity0 treated for critical limb ischaemia, for whom data were prospectively collected in those who underwent: (i) infrainguinal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty first, or (ii) infrainguinal bypass surgery. RESULTS: Among @entity0 with @entity2 , 364 consecutive individuals having infrainguinal bypass operations and 100 having percutaneous transluminal angioplasty first were compared. The latter @entity0 were older (77 vs 74 years, P=0.014) and had more co-morbidities but higher ankle pressure than those having bypass surgery. In the angioplasty-first group, 74% had favourable lesions (classified as TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus A/B). In the bypass group, operative mortality was higher (4% vs 1%, P=0.03) than that in the angioplasty-first group. Hospital mortality was comparable (8% vs 3%, P=0.15). In the bypass group, median hospital stay was longer than that in the angioplasty-first group (24 vs 4 days, P<0.001), and postoperatively they also had a higher median ankle-brachial index (0.92 vs 0.70, P<0.001) and superior long-term patency. In the bypass group, American Society of Anesthesiologists class 4 @entity0 suffered very high operative and hospital mortality (15% and 31%, respectively). Long-term patency of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty depended on the TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus class of the treated lesion. Limb salvage rates at 3 years were 89% and 78% for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty first and surgical bypass, respectively (P=0.046). Long-term survival was poorer in the percutaneous transluminal angioplasty-first group (21% vs 51% at 5 years, P=0.04). CONCLUSION: Infrainguinal bypass and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty are complementary. For TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus A and B lesions, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty should be offered first. For American Society of Anesthesiologists class 4 @entity0 , percutaneous transluminal angioplasty should be considered first, regardless of the TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus class.

title: Bypass surgery or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty to treat @entity2 due to infrainguinal XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To define the role of bypass surgery and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty to manage critical limb ischaemia due to infrainguinal @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Regional hospital, Hong Kong. @entity0 : Consecutive @entity0 treated for critical limb ischaemia, for whom data were prospectively collected in those who underwent: (i) infrainguinal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty first, or (ii) infrainguinal bypass surgery. RESULTS: Among @entity0 with @entity2 , 364 consecutive individuals having infrainguinal bypass operations and 100 having percutaneous transluminal angioplasty first were compared. The latter @entity0 were older (77 vs 74 years, P=0.014) and had more co-morbidities but higher ankle pressure than those having bypass surgery. In the angioplasty-first group, 74% had favourable lesions (classified as TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus A/B). In the bypass group, operative mortality was higher (4% vs 1%, P=0.03) than that in the angioplasty-first group. Hospital mortality was comparable (8% vs 3%, P=0.15). In the bypass group, median hospital stay was longer than that in the angioplasty-first group (24 vs 4 days, P<0.001), and postoperatively they also had a higher median ankle-brachial index (0.92 vs 0.70, P<0.001) and superior long-term patency. In the bypass group, American Society of Anesthesiologists class 4 @entity0 suffered very high operative and hospital mortality (15% and 31%, respectively). Long-term patency of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty depended on the TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus class of the treated lesion. Limb salvage rates at 3 years were 89% and 78% for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty first and surgical bypass, respectively (P=0.046). Long-term survival was poorer in the percutaneous transluminal angioplasty-first group (21% vs 51% at 5 years, P=0.04). CONCLUSION: Infrainguinal bypass and percutaneous transluminal angioplasty are complementary. For TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus A and B lesions, percutaneous transluminal angioplasty should be offered first. For American Society of Anesthesiologists class 4 @entity0 , percutaneous transluminal angioplasty should be considered first, regardless of the TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus class.

title: Bypass surgery or percutaneous transluminal angioplasty to treat XXXX due to infrainguinal @entity1 ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 serogroup 6 is second in importance only to @entity0 serogroup 1 as a cause of @entity1 . Monoclonal antibody (MAb) reactivity and multilocus enzyme electrophoretic analyses were used to subtype serogroup 6 isolates as a potential aid for epidemiologic and virulence studies. Forty-eight serogroup 6 isolates submitted to the Centers for Disease Control from 1980 to 1985 were examined by these methods. The isolates were divided into two groups based on differential reactivity with two MAbs. Thirty-two of the isolates were of a single electrophoretic type (ET) and were reactive with both MAbs. The remaining 16 isolates were distributed among 10 ETs and were reactive with one or both MAbs. The mean genetic diversity for serogroup 6, as determined from the degree of variability at 20 enzyme loci, was found to be essentially the same as that for @entity2 as a whole. The ETs of serogroup 6 isolates were unique but closely related genetically to the ETs of @entity2 serogroups 1 to 5, 7, and 8. The range of serogroup 6 subtypes distinguished by MAbs and enzyme electrophoresis suggests that the combination of these two methods can be useful as a typing system.

title: Antigenic and genetic variation in XXXX serogroup 6.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 , a well recognised complication of treatment with oral @entity2 , has been described in association with inhaled @entity1 use in over 60 case reports. The risk of @entity3 in @entity0 prescribed an oral or inhaled @entity1 in the general population is not known. A study was undertaken to quantify the association between @entity3 and oral and inhaled @entity1 exposure. METHODS: A case-control study was performed using computerised general practice data from The Health Improvement Network. RESULTS: From a cohort of 2.4 million @entity0 , 154 cases of @entity3 and 870 controls were identified. There was a dose related increased risk of @entity3 in @entity0 prescribed an oral @entity1 with an odds ratio of 2.0 (95% CI 1.6 to 2.5) per course of treatment per year. @entity3 was associated with a prescription for an inhaled @entity1 during the 90 day period before the diagnosis with an odds ratio of 3.4 (95% CI 1.9 to 5.9) and this effect was dose related (p for trend <0.001). After adjusting for oral @entity1 exposure, this odds ratio was reduced to 1.6 (95% CI 0.8 to 3.2) although the dose relation remained (p for trend 0.036). CONCLUSION: @entity0 prescribed an oral or inhaled @entity1 are at a dose related increased risk of @entity3 although the absolute risk is small. This analysis suggests that the increased risk in @entity0 prescribed an inhaled @entity1 is largely due to oral @entity1 exposure, but inhaled @entity2 may have an effect when they are taken at higher doses.

title: Oral and inhaled @entity2 and XXXX : a case-control study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity3 , a well recognised complication of treatment with oral @entity2 , has been described in association with inhaled @entity1 use in over 60 case reports. The risk of @entity3 in @entity0 prescribed an oral or inhaled @entity1 in the general population is not known. A study was undertaken to quantify the association between @entity3 and oral and inhaled @entity1 exposure. METHODS: A case-control study was performed using computerised general practice data from The Health Improvement Network. RESULTS: From a cohort of 2.4 million @entity0 , 154 cases of @entity3 and 870 controls were identified. There was a dose related increased risk of @entity3 in @entity0 prescribed an oral @entity1 with an odds ratio of 2.0 (95% CI 1.6 to 2.5) per course of treatment per year. @entity3 was associated with a prescription for an inhaled @entity1 during the 90 day period before the diagnosis with an odds ratio of 3.4 (95% CI 1.9 to 5.9) and this effect was dose related (p for trend <0.001). After adjusting for oral @entity1 exposure, this odds ratio was reduced to 1.6 (95% CI 0.8 to 3.2) although the dose relation remained (p for trend 0.036). CONCLUSION: @entity0 prescribed an oral or inhaled @entity1 are at a dose related increased risk of @entity3 although the absolute risk is small. This analysis suggests that the increased risk in @entity0 prescribed an inhaled @entity1 is largely due to oral @entity1 exposure, but inhaled @entity2 may have an effect when they are taken at higher doses.

title: Oral and inhaled XXXX and @entity3 : a case-control study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The present investigation was designed to evaluate the regenerative potential of the periodontal tissues in @entity2 at mandibular molars using a treatment procedure based on the principle of guided tissue regeneration. The @entity0 sample included 21 @entity0 , 26-65 years of age, who presented periodontal lesions in the right and left molar regions including "through and through" @entity2 . After an initial examination, each @entity0 was subjected to a series of full-mouth scaling and root planing. 2-3 months later, they were recalled for a baseline examination. The furcation-involved molars were randomly assigned in each @entity0 to either a test or a control treatment procedure. The test procedure included the elevation of muco-periosteal flaps at the buccal and lingual aspects of the molars. Granulation tissue was removed and the exposed root surfaces were debrided and planed. The width and the height of the entrance openings to the @entity2 were assessed. A teflon membrane was adjusted to cover the entrances to the defects (buccal and lingual) and was retained in the manner described by Pontoriero et al. (1988). The flaps were repositioned on the outer surface of the membrane and secured by sutures which were removed after 10 days. Following surgery, the @entity0 were instructed to rinse the mouth twice daily for 4 weeks with @entity1 . The membranes were removed after a healing period of 1-2 months. A surgical procedure identical to the test procedure was performed in the control tooth regions with the exception of the placement of membranes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Guided tissue regeneration in the treatment of XXXX in mandibular molars. A clinical study of degree III involvements.

answer: @entity2


abstract: With increasing pressures to reduce or eliminate the use of antimicrobials for growth promotion purposes in production animals, there is a growing need to better understand the effects elicited by these agents in order to identify alternative approaches that might be used to maintain @entity2 . Antibiotic usage at subtherapeutic levels is postulated to confer a number of modulations in the microbes within the gut that ultimately result in growth promotion and reduced occurrence of disease. This study examined the effects of the coccidiostat @entity3 and the growth promoters @entity5 and @entity4 on the broiler @entity1 cecal microbiome and metagenome. Using a longitudinal design, cecal contents of commercial @entity1 were extracted and examined using 16S rRNA and total DNA shotgun metagenomic pyrosequencing. A number of genus-level enrichments and depletions were observed in response to @entity3 alone, or @entity3 in combination with @entity5 or @entity4 . Of note, @entity3 effects included depletions of Roseburia, Lactobacillus and Enterococcus, and enrichments in Coprococcus and Anaerofilum. The most notable effect observed in the @entity3 / @entity5 and @entity3 / @entity4 treatments, but not in the @entity3 -alone treatments, was enrichments in @entity0 . Analysis of the metagenomic dataset identified enrichments in transport system genes, type I fimbrial genes, and type IV conjugative secretion system genes. No significant differences were observed with regard to antimicrobial resistance gene counts. Overall, this study provides a more comprehensive glimpse of the @entity1 cecum microbial community, the modulations of this community in response to growth promoters, and targets for future efforts to mimic these effects using alternative approaches.

title: Modulations of the XXXX cecal microbiome and metagenome in response to anticoccidial and growth promoter treatment.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Pharmacokinetics of oral @entity1 was studied in 12 Mexican young healthy volunteers, six @entity0 and six @entity0 , who received a 10 mg capsule. Plasma levels were determined by a @entity1 specific HPLC assay. Experimental data were fitted and pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using an open two compartment model. No statistically significant difference was detected between @entity0 and @entity0 , thus both sexes were considered as a single population. @entity1 plasma levels rose rapidly (ka = 8.46 +/- 1.96 h-1) reaching a maximum concentration of 145 +/- 23 ng/ml in 0.61 +/- 0.07 h. Plasma levels then decayed with a distribution phase (alpha = 1.98 +/- 0.40 h-1, @entity2 = 0.46 +/- 0.06 h) and a terminal elimination phase (beta = 0.17 +/- 0.03 h-1, @entity2 = 4.98 +/- 0.55 h). AUC was 384 +/- 41 ng h/ml. Values of AUC and @entity2 were higher than those reported by other authors. Differences in the AUC could be due to ethnic origin, environmental factors or nutritional habits. Ten subjects presented plasma concentration-time curves in which the distribution phase was clearly distinguishable, having a ka/alpha relationship higher than 1.5. For the other two subjects, the distribution phase was not apparent and ka/alpha was lower than 1.5. The results show that an adequate characterization of the distribution phase is required if one pretends to use pharmacokinetic data for dosage regimen design.

title: Pharmacokinetics of oral XXXX : relevance of the distribution phase.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Serial two-dimensional echocardiography was performed to detect left ventricular @entity3 in 92 consecutive @entity0 with a confirmed first @entity2 . Thirty left ventricular thrombi were diagnosed in these 92 @entity0 . The cumulative percent of identified @entity3 in each echocardiographic examination in the surviving @entity0 was 27% at less than 24 h; 57% at 48 to 72 h; 75% at 1 week and 96% at 2 weeks. The @entity3 shape was defined as mural in 53% and protruding in 47% of @entity0 . Systemic @entity4 ( @entity1 ) was noted during hospitalization in two @entity0 with a protruding @entity3 . At 12 weeks of follow-up, @entity0 with @entity3 had poorer (and almost unchanged from baseline) global left ventricular function as expressed by wall motion score compared with that of @entity0 without @entity3 , who exhibited significant improvement. Global left ventricular wall motion in @entity0 with persisting or resolved @entity3 was similar during follow-up. Apical wall motion worsened in 70% of the @entity0 with persisting @entity3 and in 25% of the @entity0 with resolved @entity3 (p less than 0.1). In the 22 surviving @entity0 with @entity3 , resolution or change in @entity3 shape or size was noted in 14 of the 15 patients receiving anticoagulant therapy and in 4 of the 7 untreated @entity0 . Six of the 18 @entity0 with an early- (48 to 72 h) and none of the 12 @entity0 with a later-formed @entity3 died. Maximal serum enzyme levels, percent with Killip functional class III to IV and left ventricular wall motion score were higher in the @entity0 with an early- than in those with a later-formed @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Left ventricular thrombus incidence and behavior studied by serial two-dimensional echocardiography in @entity2 : left ventricular wall motion, systemic XXXX and oral anticoagulation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Serial two-dimensional echocardiography was performed to detect left ventricular @entity3 in 92 consecutive @entity0 with a confirmed first @entity2 . Thirty left ventricular thrombi were diagnosed in these 92 @entity0 . The cumulative percent of identified @entity3 in each echocardiographic examination in the surviving @entity0 was 27% at less than 24 h; 57% at 48 to 72 h; 75% at 1 week and 96% at 2 weeks. The @entity3 shape was defined as mural in 53% and protruding in 47% of @entity0 . Systemic @entity4 ( @entity1 ) was noted during hospitalization in two @entity0 with a protruding @entity3 . At 12 weeks of follow-up, @entity0 with @entity3 had poorer (and almost unchanged from baseline) global left ventricular function as expressed by wall motion score compared with that of @entity0 without @entity3 , who exhibited significant improvement. Global left ventricular wall motion in @entity0 with persisting or resolved @entity3 was similar during follow-up. Apical wall motion worsened in 70% of the @entity0 with persisting @entity3 and in 25% of the @entity0 with resolved @entity3 (p less than 0.1). In the 22 surviving @entity0 with @entity3 , resolution or change in @entity3 shape or size was noted in 14 of the 15 patients receiving anticoagulant therapy and in 4 of the 7 untreated @entity0 . Six of the 18 @entity0 with an early- (48 to 72 h) and none of the 12 @entity0 with a later-formed @entity3 died. Maximal serum enzyme levels, percent with Killip functional class III to IV and left ventricular wall motion score were higher in the @entity0 with an early- than in those with a later-formed @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Left ventricular thrombus incidence and behavior studied by serial two-dimensional echocardiography in XXXX : left ventricular wall motion, systemic @entity4 and oral anticoagulation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Endovascular @entity2 Repair (EVAR) has been criticized because of the need for frequent secondary interventions (2ndINT) to maintain effective @entity2 ( @entity2 ) exclusion. The study goal is to detail such interventions and determine their effect on clinical outcomes. METHODS: From January 1997 to December 2007, 832 @entity0 underwent EVAR. Those requiring 2ndINT were stratified according to the indications and specific nature of 2ndINT and treatment. Study endpoints included freedom from 2ndINT, @entity1 -related and overall survival. RESULTS: There were 91 (11%) @entity0 who underwent 131 2ndINT (mean follow-up 35 months). No demographic features (age, gender, etc) predicted the need for 2ndINT. Actuarial 5-year freedom from 2ndINT was 80%. Indications for 2ndINT included: sac rupture 5 (4%), graft migration/ type I endoleak 37 (28%), persistent @entity3 (38%), endotension with sac growth 5 (4%), and limb occlusion/kinking 24 (18%). The majority of 2ndINT were accomplished with an endovascular approach (76%) with a >80% initial success rate for all indications except @entity3 in which the initial intervention was successful only 34% of the time. Initial 2ndINT were successful in 62% and 35 (38%) @entity0 underwent more than one 2ndINT. Multivariate predictors of 2ndINT were @entity2 sac size >5.5cm (OR = 2.1, P = 0.004), and preprocedure coil embolization ( @entity4 ) (OR = 2.1, P = 0.008). The actuarial survival was 70% at 5 years and the @entity1 -related survival was 97.5% with no difference in either parameter in @entity0 who underwent 2ndINT compared with those who did not. CONCLUSIONS: Although 2ndINT are common after EVAR, most were addressed through an endovascular approach; technical success thereof varies widely with the specific indication for 2ndINT. Secondary intervention did not adversely affect @entity1 -related or overall actuarial 5-year survival.

title: Secondary intervention after endovascular XXXX repair.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: MR techniques have been reported as an alternative to conventional sialography. High-field systems (7 T) provide new contrasts coupled with increased signal-to-noise ratio, and hence higher spatial resolution. To our knowledge, no measurements of the parotid gland at 7 T have been reported. Therefore, our study aimed to optimize sequences for high-field MR imaging of the parotid gland and duct, as well as the facial nerve at 7 T and show the potential of high field imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: @entity3 whole-body scanner was used together with a 10-cm-diameter loop coil. Various GRE (MEDIC, DESS) and TSE ( @entity2 /T2, STIR) sequences were optimized and subsequently tested on 4 healthy volunteers and 4 @entity0 . High-resolution images were compared with 1.5 T images both quantitatively (signal-to-noise ratio, contrast-to-noise) and qualitatively (visual rating of 2 independent readers). RESULTS: The high 0.6 mm isotropic resolution of the 3D DESS sequence was very useful for defining an oblique orientation with most of the duct being in-plane for subsequent imaging. With the MEDIC sequence, very fine branches of the duct were visible; furthermore, MEDIC yielded a very good depiction of lymph nodes. Severe specific absorption rate problems were observed with the STIR sequence at 7 T. Gland tissue in @entity1 @entity0 can be well characterized with the @entity2 /T2 TSE. Highest contrast-to-noise between duct and gland was achieved with the 7 T DESS. At 1.5 T, only the STIR sequence showed comparable quality to the overall superiority of the 7 T sequences. The facial nerve could only be depicted close to the skull base. CONCLUSION: MR imaging at 7 T provides excellent image contrast and resolution of the parotid gland and duct. The proposed protocol offers a noninvasive examination within about 30 minutes.

title: High-resolution MRI of the XXXX parotid gland and duct at 7 Tesla.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes endow epithelial cells with enhanced migratory/invasive properties and are therefore likely to contribute to @entity2 invasion and metastatic spread. Because of the difficulty in following EMT processes in @entity1 @entity2 , we have developed and characterized an animal model with transplantable @entity1 @entity0 cells (MDA-MB-468) uniquely showing spontaneous EMT events to occur. Using @entity3 as a marker of EMT, heterogeneity was revealed in the primary MDA-MB-468 xenografts with @entity3 -negative and @entity3 -positive areas, as also observed on clinical @entity1 invasive @entity0 specimens. Reverse transcriptase-PCR after microdissection of these populations from the xenografts revealed EMT traits in the @entity3 -positive zones characterized by enhanced 'mesenchymal gene' expression ( @entity5 , @entity9 and @entity7 ) and diminished expression of epithelial molecules ( @entity6 , @entity10 and @entity8 ). Circulating @entity2 cells (CTCs) were detected in the blood as soon as 8 days after s.c. injection, and lung metastases developed in all animals injected as examined by in vivo imaging analyses and histology. High levels of @entity3 RNA were detected in CTCs by reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR as well as, to a lesser extent, @entity5 and @entity9 RNA. @entity4 Factor/ @entity3 double immunostainings further showed that @entity2 cells in vascular tumoral emboli all expressed @entity3 . Tumoral emboli in the lungs also expressed @entity3 whereas macrometastases displayed heterogenous @entity3 expression, as seen in the primary xenografts. In conclusion, our data uniquely demonstrate in an in vivo context that EMT occurs in the @entity2 , and associates with an enhanced ability to intravasate and generate CTCs. They further suggest that mesenchymal-to-epithelial phenomena occur in secondary organs, facilitating the metastatic growth.

title: A dynamic in vivo model of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions in circulating @entity2 cells and metastases of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes endow epithelial cells with enhanced migratory/invasive properties and are therefore likely to contribute to @entity2 invasion and metastatic spread. Because of the difficulty in following EMT processes in @entity1 @entity2 , we have developed and characterized an animal model with transplantable @entity1 @entity0 cells (MDA-MB-468) uniquely showing spontaneous EMT events to occur. Using @entity3 as a marker of EMT, heterogeneity was revealed in the primary MDA-MB-468 xenografts with @entity3 -negative and @entity3 -positive areas, as also observed on clinical @entity1 invasive @entity0 specimens. Reverse transcriptase-PCR after microdissection of these populations from the xenografts revealed EMT traits in the @entity3 -positive zones characterized by enhanced 'mesenchymal gene' expression ( @entity5 , @entity9 and @entity7 ) and diminished expression of epithelial molecules ( @entity6 , @entity10 and @entity8 ). Circulating @entity2 cells (CTCs) were detected in the blood as soon as 8 days after s.c. injection, and lung metastases developed in all animals injected as examined by in vivo imaging analyses and histology. High levels of @entity3 RNA were detected in CTCs by reverse transcriptase-quantitative PCR as well as, to a lesser extent, @entity5 and @entity9 RNA. @entity4 Factor/ @entity3 double immunostainings further showed that @entity2 cells in vascular tumoral emboli all expressed @entity3 . Tumoral emboli in the lungs also expressed @entity3 whereas macrometastases displayed heterogenous @entity3 expression, as seen in the primary xenografts. In conclusion, our data uniquely demonstrate in an in vivo context that EMT occurs in the @entity2 , and associates with an enhanced ability to intravasate and generate CTCs. They further suggest that mesenchymal-to-epithelial phenomena occur in secondary organs, facilitating the metastatic growth.

title: A dynamic in vivo model of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions in circulating XXXX cells and metastases of @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The presenting symptoms of @entity8 are usually similar to those of benign inflammatory diseases. Adequate amount of biopsy tissue is required for a definitive diagnosis because @entity2 coexisting with @entity4 or @entity3 is not uncommon. Therefore, the diagnosis of @entity8 is a challenge for rhinologists. Thirty-two @entity0 diagnosed as having @entity8 from 1990 to 2010 in our hospital were included in this study. The presenting symptoms of these @entity0 included @entity15 , @entity14 , bloody discharge/ @entity10 , post nasal drip, @entity1 , neck mass, orbital symptoms, @entity6 , and body @entity7 . The average period between @entity0 ' awareness of their symptoms and their decision to seek medical help was 8.9 months. When they were referred to our hospital, the first impression of 20 @entity0 (62.5%) was benign or @entity2 , and that of the other 12 @entity0 (37.5%) was @entity12 or rhinosinusitis. These @entity0 then received image studies and biopsy or surgical intervention. Most @entity0 needed repeated biopsies, endoscopic sinus surgery, turbinectomy, or Caldwell-Luc operation for a definitive diagnosis. Their histopathologic classification included @entity9 (n = 13, 40.6%), @entity13 (n = 12, 37.5%), and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (n = 7, 21.9%). @entity13 and @entity9 mostly occurred in the nasal cavity, whereas @entity5 without @entity16 is common in @entity11 Our results reveal that @entity0 with sinonasal NHL tend to ignore their symptoms until they become serious, and a definitive diagnosis usually requires repeat and deep biopsy.

title: The diagnosis of XXXX : a challenge for rhinologists.

answer: @entity8


abstract: We have previously established in a large retrospective study that testing for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) from @entity0 aged <60 years was an effective first screen to identify individuals with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). From these findings, @entity3 and/or immunohistochemical (IHC) screening was recommended for all newly diagnosed @entity2 @entity0 aged <60 years in Western Australia, regardless of family history of @entity1 . In the current study we evaluated the utility of routine @entity3 /IHC screening by diagnostic pathology laboratories for the detection of previously undiagnosed individuals and families with @entity5 . From January 2009 to December 2010, 270 @entity1 were tested for @entity3 and for expression of @entity8 , @entity10 , @entity6 and @entity7 using IHC. Cases showing @entity3 and/or loss of expression were also tested for the @entity4 @entity9 hotspot mutation. Seventy cases were found to have @entity3 , of which 25 were excluded from further investigation as possible @entity5 cases due to presence of the @entity4 @entity9 mutation. The remaining 45 "red flag" cases were eligible for germline testing based on their @entity3 , IHC and @entity4 status. From 31 cases tested to date, 15 germline mutations have been found. Thirteen were from individuals not previously recognized as @entity5 and two were untested members from known @entity5 families. Extrapolation of the mutation incidence (15/31, 48%) to all red flag cases (n = 45) suggests that approximately 22 mutation carriers exist in this cohort. This value approximates the number of @entity2 cases due to @entity5 that could be expected to arise in the Western Australian population over a two-year period (n = 24), assuming that 1% of all CRCs are due to @entity5 . Although further improvements in workflow can be made, our preliminary findings following the implementation of state-wide routine @entity3 and IHC testing in Western Australia indicate that the majority of @entity5 cases are being identified.

title: A state-wide population-based program for detection of XXXX based upon immunohistochemical and molecular testing of @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: We have previously established in a large retrospective study that testing for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) from @entity0 aged <60 years was an effective first screen to identify individuals with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). From these findings, @entity3 and/or immunohistochemical (IHC) screening was recommended for all newly diagnosed @entity2 @entity0 aged <60 years in Western Australia, regardless of family history of @entity1 . In the current study we evaluated the utility of routine @entity3 /IHC screening by diagnostic pathology laboratories for the detection of previously undiagnosed individuals and families with @entity5 . From January 2009 to December 2010, 270 @entity1 were tested for @entity3 and for expression of @entity8 , @entity10 , @entity6 and @entity7 using IHC. Cases showing @entity3 and/or loss of expression were also tested for the @entity4 @entity9 hotspot mutation. Seventy cases were found to have @entity3 , of which 25 were excluded from further investigation as possible @entity5 cases due to presence of the @entity4 @entity9 mutation. The remaining 45 "red flag" cases were eligible for germline testing based on their @entity3 , IHC and @entity4 status. From 31 cases tested to date, 15 germline mutations have been found. Thirteen were from individuals not previously recognized as @entity5 and two were untested members from known @entity5 families. Extrapolation of the mutation incidence (15/31, 48%) to all red flag cases (n = 45) suggests that approximately 22 mutation carriers exist in this cohort. This value approximates the number of @entity2 cases due to @entity5 that could be expected to arise in the Western Australian population over a two-year period (n = 24), assuming that 1% of all CRCs are due to @entity5 . Although further improvements in workflow can be made, our preliminary findings following the implementation of state-wide routine @entity3 and IHC testing in Western Australia indicate that the majority of @entity5 cases are being identified.

title: A state-wide population-based program for detection of @entity5 based upon immunohistochemical and molecular testing of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ), secondary to pituitary metastatic lesions, is uncommon; however, lung and @entity0 are the commonest @entity4 to have @entity3 to the pituitary. Early management of systemic chemotherapy and pituitary irradiation might improve the prognosis of @entity1 . AIMS: To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of @entity6 caused by @entity2 @entity3 to the pituitary glands. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 10 @entity1 who had @entity6 as their first symptom before their lung @entity4 were diagnosed. Their clinical presentations, anterior pituitary gland function, sellar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), management, and prognosis were described. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This retrospective cross-sectional clinical study was conducted in a medical college hospital. RESULTS: The @entity1 's mean age was 58.6  7.8 years. @entity5 was the main complaint when they were referred to our hospital. MRI revealed specific dumbbell-shaped masses in the sella turcica in five @entity1 . In seven @entity1 whose hormones were measured, the levels of hormones from adenohypophysis were abnormally low in six @entity1 . The main treatments included surgery, systemic chemotherapy, and sellar irradiation. Although nine @entity1 had poor prognoses, one @entity1 has survived for more than 3 years, suggesting benefit from early diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: New-onset @entity6 might be the only symptom presented by the @entity1 with pituitary @entity3 (PM) from @entity2 . Dumbbell-shaped sellar masses in MRI are prone to the diagnosis of PM. A thorough examination for primary @entity4 should be carried out in these aged and elderly @entity1 .

title: @entity5 as the first symptom caused by XXXX @entity3 to the pituitary glands: clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ), secondary to pituitary metastatic lesions, is uncommon; however, lung and @entity0 are the commonest @entity4 to have @entity3 to the pituitary. Early management of systemic chemotherapy and pituitary irradiation might improve the prognosis of @entity1 . AIMS: To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of @entity6 caused by @entity2 @entity3 to the pituitary glands. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 10 @entity1 who had @entity6 as their first symptom before their lung @entity4 were diagnosed. Their clinical presentations, anterior pituitary gland function, sellar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), management, and prognosis were described. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This retrospective cross-sectional clinical study was conducted in a medical college hospital. RESULTS: The @entity1 's mean age was 58.6  7.8 years. @entity5 was the main complaint when they were referred to our hospital. MRI revealed specific dumbbell-shaped masses in the sella turcica in five @entity1 . In seven @entity1 whose hormones were measured, the levels of hormones from adenohypophysis were abnormally low in six @entity1 . The main treatments included surgery, systemic chemotherapy, and sellar irradiation. Although nine @entity1 had poor prognoses, one @entity1 has survived for more than 3 years, suggesting benefit from early diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: New-onset @entity6 might be the only symptom presented by the @entity1 with pituitary @entity3 (PM) from @entity2 . Dumbbell-shaped sellar masses in MRI are prone to the diagnosis of PM. A thorough examination for primary @entity4 should be carried out in these aged and elderly @entity1 .

title: @entity5 as the first symptom caused by @entity2 XXXX to the pituitary glands: clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity6 ( @entity6 ), secondary to pituitary metastatic lesions, is uncommon; however, lung and @entity0 are the commonest @entity4 to have @entity3 to the pituitary. Early management of systemic chemotherapy and pituitary irradiation might improve the prognosis of @entity1 . AIMS: To investigate the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of @entity6 caused by @entity2 @entity3 to the pituitary glands. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 10 @entity1 who had @entity6 as their first symptom before their lung @entity4 were diagnosed. Their clinical presentations, anterior pituitary gland function, sellar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), management, and prognosis were described. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This retrospective cross-sectional clinical study was conducted in a medical college hospital. RESULTS: The @entity1 's mean age was 58.6  7.8 years. @entity5 was the main complaint when they were referred to our hospital. MRI revealed specific dumbbell-shaped masses in the sella turcica in five @entity1 . In seven @entity1 whose hormones were measured, the levels of hormones from adenohypophysis were abnormally low in six @entity1 . The main treatments included surgery, systemic chemotherapy, and sellar irradiation. Although nine @entity1 had poor prognoses, one @entity1 has survived for more than 3 years, suggesting benefit from early diagnosis and treatment. CONCLUSIONS: New-onset @entity6 might be the only symptom presented by the @entity1 with pituitary @entity3 (PM) from @entity2 . Dumbbell-shaped sellar masses in MRI are prone to the diagnosis of PM. A thorough examination for primary @entity4 should be carried out in these aged and elderly @entity1 .

title: XXXX as the first symptom caused by @entity2 @entity3 to the pituitary glands: clinical presentations, diagnosis, and management.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Polymers used in saliva substitutes might inhibit remineralization. The present study evaluated the effects of various @entity1 , @entity3 , and @entity2 concentrations of linseed based solutions on the mineral loss of predemineralized @entity0 dentin in vitro. METHODS: Dentin specimens were prepared, embedded and polished. The specimens were demineralized (pH 5.6; 6 d; 37 degrees C) and half of each sample was covered with nail varnish. Subsequently, the specimens (n=10) were exposed to 14 linseed based solutions ( @entity1 0-1.1 mM; @entity3 0-7.7 mM, @entity2 0-0.03 mM) at pH 5.5 and 6.5 as well as to Salinum for 14 days (37 degrees C). The differences in mineral loss (DeltaDeltaZ) between the values prior to and after storage in the solutions were evaluated from microradiographs of thin sections. RESULTS: After the exposure to the various solutions decreased mineral contents compared to those after demineralization could be observed (p<0.05; paired t-test) whereas for the specimens stored in solution with the highest @entity1 and @entity3 concentration no significant change in mineral loss could be evaluated (p>0.05). Salinum induced a significantly greater mineral loss compared to the equivalent saturated solution (p<0.05; ANOVA, Bonferroni). The general linear model revealed a significant dependency for DeltaDeltaZ on ' @entity3 ' (p=0.000) and ' @entity2 ' (p=0.001), but not on ' @entity1 ' (p=0.397) and 'pH' (p=0.368). CONCLUSIONS: The addition of @entity1 , @entity4 , and @entity2 seems to have a positive effect on the remineralizing qualities of linseed based saliva substitutes.

title: Linseed based saliva substitutes and their effect on mineral dissolution of predemineralized XXXX dentin in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: As a result of intensive studies on @entity3 , two @entity0 susceptibility genes, @entity4 and @entity2 , have been identified. In each gene, a small number of specific mutations have been found at relatively high frequency in certain ethnic populations. The mutations, @entity6 and @entity5 in @entity4 and @entity7 in @entity2 , have been identified as common mutations in the Ashkenazi Jewish population, with a combined frequency of 2.0 to 2.5%. @entity1 who have one of the above three common mutations are at a high risk of developing @entity3 . Consequently, accurate and cost-effective detection of these three mutations may have important implications for risk assessment in susceptible @entity1 and @entity1 . In this report, we describe a fast and simple capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based method using a polymer network for screening the three common mutations in @entity4 and @entity2 . Fluorescent dye-labeled primers (6-FAM-tagged) were used to amplify three DNA fragments of 258, 296, and 201 bp for detection of the @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity7 mutations, respectively. After the PCR products were denatured, a single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) profile could be obtained for each mutation in less than 10 min by CE in a polymer network. We demonstrate the potential provided by translating this assay to the microchip format where the SSCP analysis is complete in 120 s, representing only a fraction of the reduction in analysis time that can be achieved with microchip technology. The speed and simplicity of the SSCP methodology for detection of these mutations make it attractive for use in the clinical diagnostic laboratory.

title: Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis by capillary and microchip electrophoresis: a fast, simple method for detection of common mutations in XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: As a result of intensive studies on @entity3 , two @entity0 susceptibility genes, @entity4 and @entity2 , have been identified. In each gene, a small number of specific mutations have been found at relatively high frequency in certain ethnic populations. The mutations, @entity6 and @entity5 in @entity4 and @entity7 in @entity2 , have been identified as common mutations in the Ashkenazi Jewish population, with a combined frequency of 2.0 to 2.5%. @entity1 who have one of the above three common mutations are at a high risk of developing @entity3 . Consequently, accurate and cost-effective detection of these three mutations may have important implications for risk assessment in susceptible @entity1 and @entity1 . In this report, we describe a fast and simple capillary electrophoresis (CE)-based method using a polymer network for screening the three common mutations in @entity4 and @entity2 . Fluorescent dye-labeled primers (6-FAM-tagged) were used to amplify three DNA fragments of 258, 296, and 201 bp for detection of the @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity7 mutations, respectively. After the PCR products were denatured, a single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) profile could be obtained for each mutation in less than 10 min by CE in a polymer network. We demonstrate the potential provided by translating this assay to the microchip format where the SSCP analysis is complete in 120 s, representing only a fraction of the reduction in analysis time that can be achieved with microchip technology. The speed and simplicity of the SSCP methodology for detection of these mutations make it attractive for use in the clinical diagnostic laboratory.

title: Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis by capillary and microchip electrophoresis: a fast, simple method for detection of common mutations in @entity4 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The postoperative mortality following @entity1 surgery is relatively high. The purpose of the present study was to identify preoperative risk factors as well as fatal complications in 27 Norwegian hospitals. METHODS: In Norway, all clinical and pathologic departments submit reports on @entity2 @entity0 to the Cancer Registry of Norway. The Registry also has a law-regulated authority to collect supplemental information regarding diagnosis, treatment, and outcome for all @entity2 @entity0 from the hospitals in charge. This investigation included all @entity0 who died within 30 and 60 days after resection of @entity1 in the period 1993-2002. RESULTS: During the @entity1 was diagnosed in 19,582 @entity0 , 3224 (16.5%) were treated by surgery. The resection rate was almost similar in the two sexes, but postoperative mortality in @entity0 was less than half compared to @entity0 . Total mortality was 5% and 8% after 30 and 60 days, respectively. Bilobectomy and pneumonectomy were most risky with a mortality rate of about 10% within 60 days. In @entity0 more than 70 years of age, there was a considerably higher frequency of pneumonectomy in @entity0 compared to @entity0 . Dominating causes of @entity4 were @entity3 with @entity8 and @entity6 . Other identifiable causes were @entity7 and @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: In this population-based, unselected series, the postoperative mortality was relatively high, and increased markedly in @entity0 older than 70 years. Pneumonectomy in @entity0 older than 70 years should only be performed when heart-lung function is found to be acceptable following full pulmonary function testing and thorough preoperative assessment of cardiovascular risk factors.

title: XXXX surgery: the first 60 days. A population-based study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To identify the best method for the prediction of postoperative mortality in individual @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 by comparing statistical modelling with artificial @entity2 ' ( @entity2 ) and clinicians' estimates. METHODS: An observational multicenter study was conducted of prospectively collected postoperative Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II data for a 9-year period from 24 intensive care units (ICU) in the Thames region of the United Kingdom. The study cohort consisted of 1205 elective and 546 emergency @entity1 @entity0 . Four independent physiologic variables-age, acute physiology score, emergency operation, and chronic health evaluation-were used to develop multiple regression and @entity2 models to predict in-hospital mortality. The models were developed on 75% of the @entity0 population and their validity tested on the remaining 25%. The results from these two models were compared with the observed outcome and clinicians' estimates by using measures of calibration, discrimination, and subgroup analysis. RESULTS: Observed in-hospital mortality for elective surgery was 9.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.7% to 11.1%) and for emergency surgery, 46.7% (95% CI, 42.5 to 51.0%). The @entity2 and the statistical models were both more accurate than the clinicians' predictions. Only the statistical model was internally valid, however, when applied to the validation set of observations, as evidenced by calibration (Hosmer-Lemeshow C statistic, 14.97; P = .060), discrimination properties (area under receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.869; 95% CI, 0.824 to 0.913), and subgroup analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The prediction of in-hospital mortality in @entity1 @entity0 by multiple regression is more accurate than clinicians' estimates or @entity2 modelling. Clinicians can use this statistical model as an objective adjunct to generate informed prognosis.

title: Informed prognosis [corrected] after XXXX repair using predictive modeling techniques [corrected].

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: We investigated the preventive effect of @entity2 reductase inhibitor ( @entity4 ) on the adhesion of SV40-transformed @entity0 corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) exposed to high @entity1 , and the underlying mechanism focusing on the role of @entity5 . METHODS: HCECs were cultured in medium containing a normal (5.5 mM) or high (31.2 mM) concentration of @entity1 in the presence or absence of @entity4 , fidarestat. Cell attachment ability was evaluated by short-term adhesion assay. The levels of intracellular @entity3 were measured by liquid-gas chromatography. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blotting were used to determine the expression levels. RESULTS: Decreased attachment activity and increased accumulation of @entity3 induced by exposure to high @entity1 were abrogated by @entity4 . Supply of recombinant @entity5 decreased integrin alpha3beta1-expression and cell adhesion. The expression level of @entity5 was enhanced at both protein and mRNA levels by exposure to high @entity1 , while that of integrin alpha3beta1 was decreased at the protein level, but remained unchanged at the mRNA level. These alterations in the expression levels of @entity5 and integrin alpha3beta1 were normalized by @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 counteracts the decreased adhesion of HCECs induced by high @entity1 exposure, through the modulation of the expression of @entity5 .

title: Aldose reductase inhibitor counteracts the attenuated adhesion of @entity0 corneal epithelial cells induced by high @entity1 through modulation of XXXX expression.

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIMS: We investigated the preventive effect of @entity2 reductase inhibitor ( @entity4 ) on the adhesion of SV40-transformed @entity0 corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) exposed to high @entity1 , and the underlying mechanism focusing on the role of @entity5 . METHODS: HCECs were cultured in medium containing a normal (5.5 mM) or high (31.2 mM) concentration of @entity1 in the presence or absence of @entity4 , fidarestat. Cell attachment ability was evaluated by short-term adhesion assay. The levels of intracellular @entity3 were measured by liquid-gas chromatography. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blotting were used to determine the expression levels. RESULTS: Decreased attachment activity and increased accumulation of @entity3 induced by exposure to high @entity1 were abrogated by @entity4 . Supply of recombinant @entity5 decreased integrin alpha3beta1-expression and cell adhesion. The expression level of @entity5 was enhanced at both protein and mRNA levels by exposure to high @entity1 , while that of integrin alpha3beta1 was decreased at the protein level, but remained unchanged at the mRNA level. These alterations in the expression levels of @entity5 and integrin alpha3beta1 were normalized by @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 counteracts the decreased adhesion of HCECs induced by high @entity1 exposure, through the modulation of the expression of @entity5 .

title: Aldose reductase inhibitor counteracts the attenuated adhesion of @entity0 corneal epithelial cells induced by high XXXX through modulation of @entity5 expression.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: We investigated the preventive effect of @entity2 reductase inhibitor ( @entity4 ) on the adhesion of SV40-transformed @entity0 corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) exposed to high @entity1 , and the underlying mechanism focusing on the role of @entity5 . METHODS: HCECs were cultured in medium containing a normal (5.5 mM) or high (31.2 mM) concentration of @entity1 in the presence or absence of @entity4 , fidarestat. Cell attachment ability was evaluated by short-term adhesion assay. The levels of intracellular @entity3 were measured by liquid-gas chromatography. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blotting were used to determine the expression levels. RESULTS: Decreased attachment activity and increased accumulation of @entity3 induced by exposure to high @entity1 were abrogated by @entity4 . Supply of recombinant @entity5 decreased integrin alpha3beta1-expression and cell adhesion. The expression level of @entity5 was enhanced at both protein and mRNA levels by exposure to high @entity1 , while that of integrin alpha3beta1 was decreased at the protein level, but remained unchanged at the mRNA level. These alterations in the expression levels of @entity5 and integrin alpha3beta1 were normalized by @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 counteracts the decreased adhesion of HCECs induced by high @entity1 exposure, through the modulation of the expression of @entity5 .

title: Aldose reductase inhibitor counteracts the attenuated adhesion of XXXX corneal epithelial cells induced by high @entity1 through modulation of @entity5 expression.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity5 ( @entity9 ), although uncommon, represents a challenge to treatment strategy. The purpose of this study was to analyze the treatment evolution and clinical outcome of all @entity0 with @entity9 over a two decade period. METHODS: Clinical data of all @entity0 diagnosed with @entity9 who underwent interventions from 1984 to 2004 were reviewed. @entity0 were divided into two groups. Group I (1985-1994) and group II (1995-2004) were compared with regards to clinical presentation, treatment modality, and clinical outcome. RESULTS: A total of 42 cases of @entity9 were found during the study period (group I, n=22; group II, n=20). Pulsatile neck mass was the most common presenting symptom (n=39, 93%), followed by @entity1 (n=6, 14%). Twenty two (52%) were @entity7 , fifteen (36%) @entity8 , and five (12%) posttraumatic @entity6 . Both groups shared similar comorbidities and demographic profiles. All @entity0 in group I underwent operative interventions, which included 12 resection with interposition bypass grafting (55%), six resection with patch angioplasty (27%), and four carotid ligation (18%). In group II, five @entity0 underwent resection with interposition placement (25%) and one carotid ligation (5%). The remaining 14 @entity0 underwent endovascular interventions (70%) which included seven stent-graft exclusions, six carotid stenting with coil exclusions, and one @entity4 . Hospital length of stay was significantly shorter in group II than group I (3.5 vs. 9.4 days, p<0.01). The incidence of @entity3 in group I and II were 14% vs. 5% (p<0.04), respectively. The 30-day mortality/major @entity2 rates in group I and II were 14% vs. 5% (p< 0.04), respectively. During the follow-up period (0.8 months-20 years; mean, 4.6 years), 16 @entity0 died, largely due to cardiac etiologies (n=11, 69%). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment modality of @entity9 has largely evolved from operative to endovascular intervention at our institution. Treatment benefits of endovascular modality include shorter convalescent and less procedural-related complications. This evolution reflects the improvement of endovascular devices and increased utility of endovascular applications.

title: XXXX : evolution of management over two decades.

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIM: Adjuvant therapy is not routinely recommended in UICC stages I and II @entity2 , but may be considered for high-risk @entity0 . Our aim is to identify clinicopathologic characteristics in @entity2 stages I and II, which are associated with an increased risk of @entity1 recurrence and @entity1 . METHODS: We analysed our prospectively documented clinical database of 775 @entity0 with @entity2 stages I and II, which underwent curative resection between 1982 and 2006. No adjuvant chemotherapy was applied. The median follow-up time was 80 months. RESULTS: For the entire study group, 5- and 10-year @entity1 -specific survival probabilities were 94.8+/-0.9% and 91.0+/-1.4%, respectively. Multivariate analysis identified three @entity1 characteristics as independent prognostic factors: lymphatic vessel invasion (p=0.034), poor @entity1 grading (G3/G4) (p=0.020) and extended @entity1 length (6 cm) (p=0.042). Five-year (10-year) @entity1 -specific survival for @entity0 without any of the poor prognostic @entity1 characteristics (ppTCs) was 96.0% (94.7%). There was a significantly increased risk for @entity1 with increasing numbers of ppTCs (p<0.001). While @entity0 with only one ppTC had a 5-year (10-year) @entity1 -specific survival of 94.8% (88.9%), it decreased to 88.9% (78.4%) for @entity0 with two ppTCs (hazard ratio (HR) 3.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.67-8.13) and to 87.5% (72.9%) for @entity0 with all three ppTCs (HR 6.56, 95% CI 1.50-26.62). CONCLUSION: @entity0 with stage I or II @entity2 have a favourable prognosis after radical resection. The presence of two or three poor prognostic @entity1 characteristics identifies a small @entity0 subgroup (12%) with an increased risk of @entity1 that may be considered for adjuvant chemotherapy.

title: Defining a high-risk subgroup with XXXX stages I and II for possible adjuvant therapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Purified @entity3 -dependent protein kinase (cAK) catalytic subunit phosphorylated 180-, 49-, 31-, 19-, and 14-kilodalton (kDa) proteins of @entity0 sciatic nerve membranes. The ability of cAK to phosphorylate these membrane substrate proteins was inhibited by @entity6 GM1, GD1a, and GT1b with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (I50) = 7-25 microM. Neutral glycolipids and @entity5 were much less effective. @entity3 ( @entity1 ) kinase phosphorylation of histone IIA was inhibited by GM1, GD1a, and GT1b (I50 = 115 microM, 75 microM, and 75 microM, respectively). Inhibition by GM1 was competitive with respect to histone (Ki = 108 microM). Autophosphorylation of @entity1 kinase was inhibited by GM1 (I50 = 15 microM). GT1b, GD1a, and GM1 half-maximally stimulated calmodulin-dependent cyclic @entity2 phosphodiesterase at 0.1 microM, 0.2 microM, and 0.3 microM, respectively. Although GT1b stimulated phosphodiesterase by increasing Vmax and decreasing Km (similar to calmodulin), GD1a and GM1 produced only an increase in Vmax. These results suggest that @entity4 can modulate the activity of @entity1 kinase by both direct inhibition of the enzyme and indirect reduction of @entity1 levels through activation of phosphodiesterase. Through these mechanisms, @entity6 may alter @entity1 -dependent protein phosphorylation and cell function within the nervous system.

title: Ganglioside modulation of XXXX -dependent protein kinase and cyclic @entity2 phosphodiesterase in vitro.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Purified @entity3 -dependent protein kinase (cAK) catalytic subunit phosphorylated 180-, 49-, 31-, 19-, and 14-kilodalton (kDa) proteins of @entity0 sciatic nerve membranes. The ability of cAK to phosphorylate these membrane substrate proteins was inhibited by @entity6 GM1, GD1a, and GT1b with half-maximal inhibitory concentration (I50) = 7-25 microM. Neutral glycolipids and @entity5 were much less effective. @entity3 ( @entity1 ) kinase phosphorylation of histone IIA was inhibited by GM1, GD1a, and GT1b (I50 = 115 microM, 75 microM, and 75 microM, respectively). Inhibition by GM1 was competitive with respect to histone (Ki = 108 microM). Autophosphorylation of @entity1 kinase was inhibited by GM1 (I50 = 15 microM). GT1b, GD1a, and GM1 half-maximally stimulated calmodulin-dependent cyclic @entity2 phosphodiesterase at 0.1 microM, 0.2 microM, and 0.3 microM, respectively. Although GT1b stimulated phosphodiesterase by increasing Vmax and decreasing Km (similar to calmodulin), GD1a and GM1 produced only an increase in Vmax. These results suggest that @entity4 can modulate the activity of @entity1 kinase by both direct inhibition of the enzyme and indirect reduction of @entity1 levels through activation of phosphodiesterase. Through these mechanisms, @entity6 may alter @entity1 -dependent protein phosphorylation and cell function within the nervous system.

title: Ganglioside modulation of @entity3 -dependent protein kinase and cyclic XXXX phosphodiesterase in vitro.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The prevalence and diversity of different @entity4 spp. in various poultry species in Denmark were investigated using cultural and multiplex PCR methods. A pool of three fresh droppings obtained at the production site from 70 broiler @entity2 flocks aged 4-5 weeks was examined. In addition, pools of 10 cloacal swabs taken at the abattoir prior to stunning from each of 15, and 37 @entity3 and @entity1 flocks, respectively, were analyzed. Thirty fresh broiler @entity2 carcasses and 29 cloacal swabs from the respective viscera were also examined at the abattoir. Finally, 10 caecal and 10 cloacal swabs from @entity3 at the abattoir were analyzed individually. In total, 85 @entity4 isolates were obtained. Of these 45, 20 and 7 were identified as @entity4 , @entity4 cryaerophilus and @entity4 skirrowii, respectively, using a multiplex PCR. Interestingly, some @entity2 isolates of A. butzleri showed urease activity, and 6 out of seven A. skirrowi isolates were unable to hydrolyse @entity5 . All @entity2 carcasses examined were found positive for A. butzleri and/ @entity6 . cryaerophilus, whereas 21 (72%) of the 29 @entity2 cloacal swabs were positive for either A. butzleri (13) @entity6 . cryaerophilus (9). Three (4.3%) out of 70 @entity2 flocks analyzed were positive only for A. cryaerophilus. Of the ten @entity3 examined individually, 7 carried A. skirrowii and/ @entity6 . cryaerophilus in their cloacae. None of the respective caecal samples were positive. Of the remaining 15 @entity3 flocks, 11 (73%) were positive for A. cryaerophilus (7), A. butzleri (2) @entity6 . skirrowii (2). Four (11%) of the 37 @entity1 flocks analyzed harboured either A. butzleri @entity6 . cryaerophilus. The carriage rate of @entity4 was higher in live @entity3 than those of live broiler @entity2 and @entity1 in the present study. In addition, @entity2 carcasses slaughtered in Denmark were found to be contaminated with @entity4 . The presence of @entity4 spp. both on @entity2 carcasses and in poultry intestine may be of significance to @entity0 health.

title: Detection and diversity of various XXXX species in Danish poultry.

answer: @entity4