abstract: PURPOSE: There is growing evidence that vasospatic individuals could be predisposed to develop @entity3 . Vasospastic deregulation is ensuing in activation of circulating leukocytes. In previous studies using "gene-hunting" strategies, we demonstrated stable alterations in gene expression profiles of circulating leukocytes isolated from @entity3 @entity0 with @entity2 when compared to healthy individuals with no history of @entity1 . The goal of this study was to look for possible similarities in gene expression profiles of circulating leukocytes in vasospastic individuals and @entity3 @entity0 . METHODS: Normal-tension (NTG) and high-tension (HTG) @entity3 @entity0 as well as individuals with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and healthy controls were recruited for the gene expression analysis. The methodology of comparative Expression Array analysis followed by highly sensitive quantitative real-time PCR has been used. RESULTS: Compared to the control group the expression of 146, 68, and 60 genes was found to be altered in NTG, HTG, and @entity2 groups respectively. Thirty-four genes demonstrated similar expressional alterations in NTG, HTG, and @entity2 groups versus controls, and only 21 genes demonstrated similar expressional alterations in NTG and HTG groups, having no overlap with the @entity2 group. CONCLUSIONS: This result indicates a potential predisposition of vasospastic individuals to glaucomatous @entity4 . The targeted expression profiles might be further considered for early/predictive @entity3 diagnosis.

title: Vasospastic individuals demonstrate significant similarity to XXXX @entity0 as revealed by gene expression profiling in circulating leukocytes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: There is growing evidence that vasospatic individuals could be predisposed to develop @entity3 . Vasospastic deregulation is ensuing in activation of circulating leukocytes. In previous studies using "gene-hunting" strategies, we demonstrated stable alterations in gene expression profiles of circulating leukocytes isolated from @entity3 @entity0 with @entity2 when compared to healthy individuals with no history of @entity1 . The goal of this study was to look for possible similarities in gene expression profiles of circulating leukocytes in vasospastic individuals and @entity3 @entity0 . METHODS: Normal-tension (NTG) and high-tension (HTG) @entity3 @entity0 as well as individuals with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and healthy controls were recruited for the gene expression analysis. The methodology of comparative Expression Array analysis followed by highly sensitive quantitative real-time PCR has been used. RESULTS: Compared to the control group the expression of 146, 68, and 60 genes was found to be altered in NTG, HTG, and @entity2 groups respectively. Thirty-four genes demonstrated similar expressional alterations in NTG, HTG, and @entity2 groups versus controls, and only 21 genes demonstrated similar expressional alterations in NTG and HTG groups, having no overlap with the @entity2 group. CONCLUSIONS: This result indicates a potential predisposition of vasospastic individuals to glaucomatous @entity4 . The targeted expression profiles might be further considered for early/predictive @entity3 diagnosis.

title: Vasospastic individuals demonstrate significant similarity to @entity3 XXXX as revealed by gene expression profiling in circulating leukocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Sinonasal @entity2 is a benign, @entity3 , which has a propensity for malignant transformation and recurrence. The evolution of endoscopic trans-nasal surgery has facilitated less destructive and, more functionally and cosmetically acceptable approaches to this @entity1 . Recurrence rates have been shown to be more favourable than after traditional external approaches. Precise surgery is enhanced by pre-operative localisation of the site of @entity1 attachment. The aim of this study was to examine, in a prospective fashion, the predictive value of @entity4 on the pre-operative CT scan of the paranasal sinuses at correctly identifying the site of attachment of sinonasal @entity2 . METHOD OF STUDY: Pre-operative CT scans of the paranasal sinuses in 24 @entity0 with histology-proven sinonasal @entity2 were examined for @entity4 , allowing a prediction of the site of attachment. Coronal reformats of thin-cut (1mm) axial CT scans were evaluated. Intra-operatively, the actual site of @entity1 attachment was established. A correlation between the predicted and actual site of @entity1 attachment was calculated. MAIN RESULT: The predictive value of the @entity4 sign was 95%. PRINCIPAL CONCLUSION: Pre-operative identification of @entity4 can be used in 95% of cases to accurately predict the intra-operative site of attachment of sinonasal @entity2 .

title: Predicting the site of attachment of sinonasal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 is responsible for @entity1 , which are well known and described in adults, but less well documented in adolescents. The aim of this research was to evaluate the frequency and severity and to determine predictive factors for these abnormalities in a population of adolescents with diagnosed @entity6 . @entity0 AND METHODS: This retrospective study involved 39 female adolescents with @entity6 having undergone dual energy X-ray absorptiometry prior to the age of 18 years. Clinical (age, Tanner puberty stages, weight, body mass index [BMI] at different times during the @entity3 phase and @entity8 features), radiological ( @entity1 [ @entity1 ] in Z-score units and in absolute values), and biological (calcemia and @entity4 ) parameters were collected. RESULTS: In total, 20 @entity0 (51%) presented @entity7 (Z-score <-1 DS and >-2.5 DS) and 2 (5%) had @entity2 (Z-score <-2.5 DS). Five (13%) exhibited a Z-score less than -2 DS. @entity1 expressed in Z-scores correlated with none of the parameters assessed. At univariate analysis, @entity1 in absolute values correlated with the age at disease onset, BMI, weight loss at the lowest weight achieved and BMI at the time of densitometry (P<0.01). At multivariate analyses, only the correlation with the age at disease onset persisted (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: @entity5 in @entity6 is a complication that may be present as early as adolescence. It must be systematically searched for in all adolescents with severe @entity9 because, even if @entity1 correlated with nutritional parameters, no clinical predictor for @entity2 or @entity7 could be identified in this study.

title: [ XXXX : consequences on bone mineralization].

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze mortality due to @entity2 from 1998-2006. To select municipalities with high mortality among @entity0 under 5 years of age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The source of information was mortality records from vital statistics collected by SSA/INEGI. We used the 2005 Municipal Geostatistical Framework by INEGI and SIGEPI for the spatial analysis. The selection criteria were municipalities with 80% and over of @entity1 due to @entity2 . RESULTS: Deaths diminished 8% during 1998-2006 and rates decreased 20%. A total of 42.57% - 48% of @entity1 are due to circulatory system defects and 13.69% - 19.39% are due to the nervous system; the former rose 4% and the latter fell 32%. Eighty percent or more occur in @entity0 under 5 years and the rate in this group fell 8.63%. A total of 1 025 (41.82%) municipalities are priorities, 104 (10.14%) are high and 102 (9.95%) are very high priorities, where 66% of @entity1 occur among @entity0 under 5 years old. DISCUSSION: The interventions to decrease mortality due to @entity2 should be directed towards one-year-old @entity0 (75%) and towards 8.4% of the municipalities that are a very high priority, since they represent 66% of the @entity1 .

title: [ XXXX mortality in five-year-old minors of age, Mexico, 1998-2006].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study documents @entity0 outcomes with one department's approach to performing partial hepatectomy. METHODS: 101 consecutive @entity0 underwent: preoperative @entity4 ; intraoperative CVP <5 cm @entity3 and selective continuous @entity2 . OUTCOME VARIABLES: pathology; type of hepatic resection; intraoperative @entity1 and transfusion rate; 30 day morbidity and mortality; disease free and long term survival. Perioperative liver function was assessed by serial blood sampling. RESULTS: Of 101 resections: 90% malignant disease; 59% major resections and 35% synchronous procedures. Median estimated @entity1 was 400 mL (mean 512 mL, range 50-3000 mL) with postoperative transfusions in 4%. Thirty day morbidity was 20% with no deaths. Median time to local recurrence after colorectal liver metastases resection was 17.1 months with 3 year survival of 51%. Distinct perioperative changes in hepatic function were seen. CONCLUSION: Selective continuous @entity2 and perioperative fluid restriction result in minimal @entity1 , low morbidity and zero mortality in @entity0 undergoing partial hepatectomy.

title: Selective continuous XXXX and perioperative fluid restriction in partial hepatectomy. Outcomes in 101 consecutive @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study documents @entity0 outcomes with one department's approach to performing partial hepatectomy. METHODS: 101 consecutive @entity0 underwent: preoperative @entity4 ; intraoperative CVP <5 cm @entity3 and selective continuous @entity2 . OUTCOME VARIABLES: pathology; type of hepatic resection; intraoperative @entity1 and transfusion rate; 30 day morbidity and mortality; disease free and long term survival. Perioperative liver function was assessed by serial blood sampling. RESULTS: Of 101 resections: 90% malignant disease; 59% major resections and 35% synchronous procedures. Median estimated @entity1 was 400 mL (mean 512 mL, range 50-3000 mL) with postoperative transfusions in 4%. Thirty day morbidity was 20% with no deaths. Median time to local recurrence after colorectal liver metastases resection was 17.1 months with 3 year survival of 51%. Distinct perioperative changes in hepatic function were seen. CONCLUSION: Selective continuous @entity2 and perioperative fluid restriction result in minimal @entity1 , low morbidity and zero mortality in @entity0 undergoing partial hepatectomy.

title: Selective continuous @entity2 and perioperative fluid restriction in partial hepatectomy. Outcomes in 101 consecutive XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Breslow thickness, @entity3 , and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) status are well established as the most important prognostic factors for @entity0 with @entity2 . Anatomic location of the @entity1 is generally considered to play a minor role in determining prognosis compared with these other factors. This analysis was performed to better define the influence of anatomic location of the primary @entity2 on prognosis. METHODS: In this post hoc analysis of a prospective randomized trial that included @entity0 ages 18 to 70 years with @entity2 1 mm or greater in Breslow thickness, all @entity0 underwent @entity5 biopsy and completion lymphadenectomy if @entity1 -positive @entity5 were found. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate factors predictive of disease-free survival (DFS), @entity7 ( @entity7 ), and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). RESULTS: A total of 2,500 @entity0 were included in this analysis with a median follow-up period of 68 months. Anatomic locations included head, neck, trunk, @entity6 , and lower extremity. Age, Breslow thickness, and percentage of @entity0 with a positive @entity5 were significantly different by anatomic location on univariate analysis, as were positive @entity5 status, presence of regression, sex, and histologic subtype (P < .0001). On multivariate analysis, anatomic location was an independent predictor of @entity5 status (P < .0001), DFS (P = .045), @entity7 (P = .023), and @entity4 (P < .0001). By Kaplan-Meier analysis, anatomic location was associated significantly with DFS, @entity7 , and @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: Anatomic location of the primary @entity2 is an important independent predictor of @entity5 status and prognosis. @entity0 with primary @entity2 of the head/neck and trunk have a worse prognosis than primary @entity2 of other anatomic locations.

title: Prognostic implications of anatomic location of primary XXXX of 1 mm or thicker.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate the constriction of the hyperautofluorescent ring over time in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). DESIGN: Prospective study. METHODS: Fourteen eyes of 14 @entity2 @entity0 with a hyperautofluorescent ring were studied. Ring constriction was evaluated by measurements of its external and internal boundaries along the vertical and horizontal axes at baseline and at 12-, 24-, 36-, and 48-month follow-ups. Repeat fundus autofluorescence was obtained at 12, 24, 36, and 48 months in 13, 7, 5, and 1 eyes respectively. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images were obtained on 8 eyes and the horizontal extent of the inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) junction was measured. SD-OCT was repeated at 12 and 24 months in 6 and 4 eyes respectively. RESULTS: The external boundaries of the ring were identified along the horizontal @entity1 in 12 eyes and along the vertical @entity1 in 13. Internal boundaries were identified in 7 eyes. Constriction was demonstrated in all @entity0 except 1 who demonstrated minimal expansion of the internal boundary along the horizontal @entity1 . SD-OCT measurements showed a decrease in the IS/OS junction length. CONCLUSION: Progressive constriction of the hyperautofluorescent ring and a concordant decrease in IS/OS junction length were observed over time.

title: Progressive constriction of the hyperautofluorescent ring in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to systematically compare the efficacy and safety of chronomodulated chemotherapy with conventional chemotherapy in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 . METHOD: Eligible studies were identified from electronic databases (Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library). The efficacy data included overall survival (OS) and objective response rate (ORR), and @entity3 data contained @entity4 , @entity6 and @entity5 , @entity2 , @entity7 , and @entity9 . The meta-analysis was performed with the fixed-effect model or random-effect model according to heterogeneity. RESULT: From 79 articles screened, five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) met the inclusion criteria contributing a total of 958 @entity0 . There was a significant OS benefit (hazard ratio (HR)=0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69 to 0.97; P=0.023) in favor of the chronomodulated chemotherapy. The ORR was not significantly different between two arms (relative risk=1.27; 95% CI 0.88 to 1.83; P=0.196). A higher incidence of grade 3/4 @entity2 (odds ratio=2.26, 95% CI 1.34 to 3.83; P=0.724), @entity7 (2.15, 1.30 to 3.56; P=0.428), and a lower incidence of grade 3/4 @entity8 (0.26, 0.16 to 0.42; P=0.641) were associated with the chronomodulated chemotherapy. The two arms were similar in terms of grade 3/4 @entity4 (1.10, 0.72 to 1.69; P=0.756), @entity6 and @entity5 (0.69, 0.42 to1.13; P=0.239), and @entity9 (0.56, 0.25 to 1.27, 0.164). CONCLUSION: Chronomodulated chemotherapy showed significant improvement in OS comparing with conventional chemotherapy. Side effects of the chronomodulated chemotherapy are predictable and manageable. But these results still need more high-quality RCTs for confirmation.

title: Chronomodulated chemotherapy versus conventional chemotherapy for advanced XXXX : a meta-analysis of five randomized controlled trials.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Bone marrow adherent cells contain conventional bone marrow stromal cells and mesenchymal stem cells and these cells constitute the hematopoietic microenvironment. Mesenchymal stem cells have the capacity to give rise to multiple mesenchymal lineage cells and even ectodermal lineage cells. In the present study, we investigated what types of @entity0 cells are inducible from BM adherent cells by chemical carcinogens. METHODS: Bone marrow cells from neonatal C3H/HeN @entity1 were collected within 24 h after birth and then cultured. Four days later, bone marrow adherent cells were obtained and the cells were treated with @entity6 . RESULTS: By this treatment, some transformed clones consisting of large spindle cells were obtained. The transformed cells were highly positive for @entity5 and were positive for @entity2 , @entity8 and @entity7 , whereas the cells were negative for hematolymphoid markers. The cell clones had the ability to support hematopoiesis in vitro. These results indicate that the transformed cell lines have the characteristics of BM stromal cells/mesenchymal stem cells. Moreover, during culture of the transformed cells, spontaneous bone nodule formation was observed. When the transformed cells were inoculated into immunodeficient @entity1 subcutaneously, the @entity0 grew in the subcutaneous tissue of the @entity1 . @entity4 and ultrastructurally, the @entity0 showed the typical morphology of undifferentiated high-grade @entity3 (UHGPS). Bone-related genes have been found to be expressed in both transformed cells and UHGPSs. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that UHGPSs are derived from BM stromal cells, probably mesenchymal stem cells.

title: Transformation potential of bone marrow stromal cells into undifferentiated high-grade XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity8 and @entity9 , frequently observed in @entity0 with @entity1 , are associated with @entity1 , organ calcification, @entity2 and @entity6 . Restriction of dietary protein and @entity10 is beneficial in slowing the progression of @entity3 . Dietary @entity10 restriction must be prescribed at all stages of @entity3 in adults. It may be achieved by decreasing protein intake and avoiding foods rich in @entity10 . An average of 60-80% of the @entity10 intake is absorbed in the gut in dialysis @entity0 . If @entity7 binders are employed, the @entity10 absorbed from the diet may be reduced to 40%. Conventional hemodialysis with a high-flux, high-efficiency dialyzer removes approximately 30 mmol (900 mg) @entity10 during each dialysis performed three times weekly. Therefore, 750 mg of @entity10 intake should be the critical value above which a positive balance of @entity10 may occur. This value corresponds to a protein diet of 45-50 g/day or 0.8 g/kg body weight/day for a 60 kg @entity0 . Target levels should become 9.2-9.6 mg/dl for @entity4 , 2.5-5.5 mg/dl for @entity10 , <55 mg2/dl2 for the @entity4 - @entity10 product, and 100-200 pg/ml for intact @entity5 .

title: XXXX restriction in diet therapy.

answer: @entity7


abstract: AIMS: Midregional pro atrial natriuretic peptide (MR-proANP) is useful for diagnosing @entity1 (HF) in @entity0 presenting to the Emergency Department with dyspnoea. Optimal interpretation of MR-proANP requires understanding of how various demographic variables influence its levels and performance as a diagnostic marker. We sought to determine how age, race, sex, and body mass index (BMI) affect the levels and interpretation of MR-proANP for the diagnosis of acute HF. METHODS AND RESULTS: The Biomarkers in @entity1 (BACH) study was an international 15-centre study of 1641 @entity0 presenting to the Emergency Department with acute dyspnoea. Of these, 1352 had complete information on age, race, sex, and BMI. MR-proANP levels increased with age and were higher in @entity0 and in @entity0 with lower BMI. MR-proANP performed better as a diagnostic marker in younger individuals and in blacks compared with whites. Despite this, MR-proANP at the recommended cut-off point of 120 pmol/L was >90 % sensitive in ruling out the diagnosis of acute HF in all subgroups of @entity0 except white subjects <50 years old. CONCLUSION: Age, race, sex, and BMI affect MR-proANP levels to various degrees. However, the diagnostic performance of the recommended cut-off point of 120 pmol/L to rule out acute HF was robust across most subgroups. Although both sex and BMI affected MR-proANP levels, they did not alter its overall diagnostic performance. Lower cut-off points for MR-proANP could be considered in younger @entity0 and in @entity0 with a higher BMI, to optimize diagnostic sensitivity.

title: Influence of age, race, sex, and body mass index on interpretation of midregional pro atrial natriuretic peptide for the diagnosis of XXXX : results from the BACH multinational study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Somatic activation of Ras occurs frequently in @entity0 @entity2 , including one-third of @entity1 . Activating Ras mutations also occur in the germline, leading to @entity4 . The precise mechanism by which Ras activation results in @entity0 disease is uncertain. Here we describe the phenotype of a @entity3 engineered to harbor a germline oncogenic K-rasG12D mutation. This @entity3 exhibits early @entity7 due to a placental trophoblast defect. Reconstitution with a wild-type placenta rescues the early lethality, but mutant embryos still succumb to cardiovascular and @entity6 . In addition, mutant embryos demonstrate a profound defect in lung branching morphogenesis associated with striking up-regulation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) antagonist @entity8 and abnormal localization of MAPK activity within the lung epithelium. This defect can be significantly suppressed by lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of @entity8 in vivo. Furthermore, in the context of K-rasG12D-mediated lung tumorigenesis, @entity8 is also up-regulated and functions as a @entity2 suppressor to limit @entity2 number and overall @entity2 burden. These findings indicate that in the lung, @entity8 plays a critical role in the regulation of oncogenic @entity5 , and implicate counter-regulatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Ras-based disease.

title: @entity8 regulates oncogenic XXXX in lung development and tumorigenesis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Somatic activation of Ras occurs frequently in @entity0 @entity2 , including one-third of @entity1 . Activating Ras mutations also occur in the germline, leading to @entity4 . The precise mechanism by which Ras activation results in @entity0 disease is uncertain. Here we describe the phenotype of a @entity3 engineered to harbor a germline oncogenic K-rasG12D mutation. This @entity3 exhibits early @entity7 due to a placental trophoblast defect. Reconstitution with a wild-type placenta rescues the early lethality, but mutant embryos still succumb to cardiovascular and @entity6 . In addition, mutant embryos demonstrate a profound defect in lung branching morphogenesis associated with striking up-regulation of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) antagonist @entity8 and abnormal localization of MAPK activity within the lung epithelium. This defect can be significantly suppressed by lentiviral short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of @entity8 in vivo. Furthermore, in the context of K-rasG12D-mediated lung tumorigenesis, @entity8 is also up-regulated and functions as a @entity2 suppressor to limit @entity2 number and overall @entity2 burden. These findings indicate that in the lung, @entity8 plays a critical role in the regulation of oncogenic @entity5 , and implicate counter-regulatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Ras-based disease.

title: XXXX regulates oncogenic @entity5 in lung development and tumorigenesis.

answer: @entity8


abstract: We report 32 cases of acute @entity2 consecutively hospitalized in one hospital, from January 1991 to December 2002. The causative agent was identified in 26 cases (81%). The main associated viruses were @entity4 (10 @entity0 ; 31%), Herpes simplex (6 @entity0 ; 19%), and enteroviruses (4 @entity0 ; 13%). At the acute phase, the most relevant biological findings were electroencephalogram results and CSF analysis. The initial encephalic imaging was primarily helpful to exclude other @entity1 whereas long-term imaging was a prognostic factor for necrotizing @entity2 . The microbiological diagnosis required several days or weeks to be determined. It did not influence the initial management. In addition to the 6 cases of @entity5 , 19 @entity0 (78% altogether) were then treated by @entity3 before a definitive diagnosis was made. Twenty-two @entity0 (69%) had a favorable outcome, 2 (6%) had moderate sequels, 2 (6%) had important ones, and 5 (16%) had major ones. One (3%) @entity0 died. The outcome was highly dependant on the causative agent and the mechanism of @entity2 . This series gives information on the epidemiology of @entity2 in @entity0 in our region over a period of 12 years.

title: [Acute XXXX : report on 32 consecutive pediatric cases observed in one hospital].

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study aimed to assess quantitatively the effect of bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation and medication on @entity7 parkinsonian @entity6 . Twelve Italian @entity0 (11 males and 1 female) with @entity3 (mean age 60.29+/-7.50 years) and bilateral STN implantation were studied. Neurological assessments and acoustic recordings were performed in four clinical conditions combining stimulation and medication to assess the degree of @entity5 and @entity2 . Acoustic analysis was performed by means of the Multidimensional Voice Program and the Advanced Motor Speech Profile (Kay Elemetrics, Lincoln Park, NJ). None of the evaluated parameters deteriorated after STN deep brain stimulation. STN stimulation significantly improved motor performances and vocal @entity4 and provided a major stability to glottal vibration. Effect of stimulation on these parameters was superior to that of levodopa. No significant variations were observed in perceptual evaluation and in acoustic parameters related to prosody, articulation, and intensity after either stimulation or medication. The improvement of acoustic parameters related to glottal vibration and voice @entity4 was not accompanied by a substantial effect on speech intelligibility. STN stimulation was more effective on @entity1 than on @entity6 , but we did not report negative consequences on speech.

title: Effects of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation and medication on parkinsonian XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 @entity5 is a new subunit belonging to the TWIK channel family. This 335- @entity3 polypeptide has four transmembrane segments, two pore-forming domains, and a @entity2 -binding EF-hand motif. Expression of @entity5 transcripts is principally observed in eyes, lung, stomach and embryo. In the eyes, immunohistochemistry reveals protein expression only in some of the retina neurons. Although @entity5 is able to dimerize as other functional two-P domain K+ channels when it is expressed in COS-7 cells, it remains in the endoplasmic reticulum and is unable to generate ionic channel activity. Deletions, mutations, and chimera constructions suggest that @entity5 is not an intracellular channel but rather a subunit that needs to associate with a partner, which remains to be discovered, in order to reach the plasma membrane. A closely related @entity0 @entity4 -A subunit has been cloned. @entity4 displays an intriguing GLE sequence in its filter region instead of the G(Y/F/L)G sequence, which is considered to be the K+ channel signature. This subunit is alternatively spliced and gives rise to the shorter forms @entity4 -B and -C. None of the @entity4 structures can generate channel activity by itself. The @entity4 gene is situated on chromosome 11, in the q13 region, where several candidate diseases have been identified.

title: Cloning of a new XXXX two-P domain channel subunit and a @entity0 homologue with a unique pore structure.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity1 @entity5 is a new subunit belonging to the TWIK channel family. This 335- @entity3 polypeptide has four transmembrane segments, two pore-forming domains, and a @entity2 -binding EF-hand motif. Expression of @entity5 transcripts is principally observed in eyes, lung, stomach and embryo. In the eyes, immunohistochemistry reveals protein expression only in some of the retina neurons. Although @entity5 is able to dimerize as other functional two-P domain K+ channels when it is expressed in COS-7 cells, it remains in the endoplasmic reticulum and is unable to generate ionic channel activity. Deletions, mutations, and chimera constructions suggest that @entity5 is not an intracellular channel but rather a subunit that needs to associate with a partner, which remains to be discovered, in order to reach the plasma membrane. A closely related @entity0 @entity4 -A subunit has been cloned. @entity4 displays an intriguing GLE sequence in its filter region instead of the G(Y/F/L)G sequence, which is considered to be the K+ channel signature. This subunit is alternatively spliced and gives rise to the shorter forms @entity4 -B and -C. None of the @entity4 structures can generate channel activity by itself. The @entity4 gene is situated on chromosome 11, in the q13 region, where several candidate diseases have been identified.

title: Cloning of a new @entity1 two-P domain channel subunit and a XXXX homologue with a unique pore structure.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Tissue transglutaminase 2 ( @entity10 ) is a recently identified molecule with multifunctional physiological roles. This is the first report of the expression of @entity10 in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity3 ( @entity9 ). For comparison, the expression of @entity4 , a known surrogate biomarker of @entity2 , was evaluated. The expression of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), a molecule @entity1 and @entity0 , was also determined to explore its possible linkage with @entity10 expression. Twenty cases each with normal cervical histology, CIN1, CIN2, CIN3, and invasive @entity9 were analyzed for @entity10 , @entity4 , and @entity6 expression by immunohistochemistry. Intergroup differences were analyzed by Friedman ANOVA. Cytoplasmic as well as nuclear @entity10 expression was observed in the epithelial cells. As compared to normal controls, CIN1 showed markedly increased cytoplasmic @entity10 expression (p = 0.006). In CIN2/3, additional nuclear @entity10 expression was seen (p = 0.009 and 0.031, respectively). Marked extracellular stromal upregulation of @entity10 was noted in CIN3/ @entity9 versus normal controls (p = 0.054; p = 0.003). There was no relationship of @entity10 with either @entity4 of @entity6 expression. Combining @entity10 immunoreactivity with @entity4 increased the immunolabeling of @entity5 from 35% to 100% in CIN1, 45% to 60% in CIN2, and 60% to 85% in CIN3. @entity10 serves as an additional biomarker for all grades of @entity8 , especially for low-grade @entity5 .

title: Tissue transglutaminase 2 as a biomarker of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and its relationship to XXXX and nuclear factor kappaB expression.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Tissue transglutaminase 2 ( @entity10 ) is a recently identified molecule with multifunctional physiological roles. This is the first report of the expression of @entity10 in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity3 ( @entity9 ). For comparison, the expression of @entity4 , a known surrogate biomarker of @entity2 , was evaluated. The expression of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), a molecule @entity1 and @entity0 , was also determined to explore its possible linkage with @entity10 expression. Twenty cases each with normal cervical histology, CIN1, CIN2, CIN3, and invasive @entity9 were analyzed for @entity10 , @entity4 , and @entity6 expression by immunohistochemistry. Intergroup differences were analyzed by Friedman ANOVA. Cytoplasmic as well as nuclear @entity10 expression was observed in the epithelial cells. As compared to normal controls, CIN1 showed markedly increased cytoplasmic @entity10 expression (p = 0.006). In CIN2/3, additional nuclear @entity10 expression was seen (p = 0.009 and 0.031, respectively). Marked extracellular stromal upregulation of @entity10 was noted in CIN3/ @entity9 versus normal controls (p = 0.054; p = 0.003). There was no relationship of @entity10 with either @entity4 of @entity6 expression. Combining @entity10 immunoreactivity with @entity4 increased the immunolabeling of @entity5 from 35% to 100% in CIN1, 45% to 60% in CIN2, and 60% to 85% in CIN3. @entity10 serves as an additional biomarker for all grades of @entity8 , especially for low-grade @entity5 .

title: Tissue transglutaminase 2 as a biomarker of XXXX ( @entity7 ) and its relationship to @entity4 and nuclear factor kappaB expression.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Tissue transglutaminase 2 ( @entity10 ) is a recently identified molecule with multifunctional physiological roles. This is the first report of the expression of @entity10 in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity3 ( @entity9 ). For comparison, the expression of @entity4 , a known surrogate biomarker of @entity2 , was evaluated. The expression of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), a molecule @entity1 and @entity0 , was also determined to explore its possible linkage with @entity10 expression. Twenty cases each with normal cervical histology, CIN1, CIN2, CIN3, and invasive @entity9 were analyzed for @entity10 , @entity4 , and @entity6 expression by immunohistochemistry. Intergroup differences were analyzed by Friedman ANOVA. Cytoplasmic as well as nuclear @entity10 expression was observed in the epithelial cells. As compared to normal controls, CIN1 showed markedly increased cytoplasmic @entity10 expression (p = 0.006). In CIN2/3, additional nuclear @entity10 expression was seen (p = 0.009 and 0.031, respectively). Marked extracellular stromal upregulation of @entity10 was noted in CIN3/ @entity9 versus normal controls (p = 0.054; p = 0.003). There was no relationship of @entity10 with either @entity4 of @entity6 expression. Combining @entity10 immunoreactivity with @entity4 increased the immunolabeling of @entity5 from 35% to 100% in CIN1, 45% to 60% in CIN2, and 60% to 85% in CIN3. @entity10 serves as an additional biomarker for all grades of @entity8 , especially for low-grade @entity5 .

title: Tissue transglutaminase 2 as a biomarker of @entity7 ( XXXX ) and its relationship to @entity4 and nuclear factor kappaB expression.

answer: @entity7


abstract: The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase ( @entity8 ) is an enormous, 470-kDa protein @entity2 / @entity3 kinase that has homology with members of the @entity5 (PI) 3-kinase superfamily. This protein contributes to the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) by assembling broken ends of DNA molecules in combination with the DNA-binding factors @entity6 and @entity7 . It may also serve as a molecular scaffold for recruiting DNA repair factors to DNA strand breaks. This study attempts to better define the role of protein kinase activity in the repair of DNA DSBs. We constructed a contiguous 14-kb @entity0 @entity8 cDNA and demonstrated that it can complement the DNA DSB repair defects of two mutant cell lines known to be deficient in @entity8 (M059J and V3). We then created deletion and site-directed mutations within the conserved PI 3-kinase domain of the @entity8 gene to test the importance of protein kinase activity for DSB rejoining. These @entity8 mutant constructs are able to express the protein but fail to complement the DNA DSB or V(D)J recombination defects of @entity8 mutant cells. These results indicate that the protein kinase activity of @entity8 is essential for the rejoining of DNA DSBs in @entity0 cells. We have also determined a model structure for the @entity8 kinase domain based on comparisons to the crystallographic structure of a @entity4 -dependent protein kinase. This structure gives some insight into which @entity1 residues are crucial for the kinase activity in @entity8 .

title: Requirement for the kinase activity of XXXX DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit in DNA strand break rejoining.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The adult external sense organ precursor (SOP) lineage is a model system for studying asymmetric cell division. Adult SOPs divide asymmetrically to produce IIa and @entity1 daughter cells; IIa generates the external socket (tormogen) and hair (trichogen) cells, while @entity1 generates the internal neuron and sheath (thecogen) cells. Here we investigate the expression and function of @entity0 in the adult SOP lineage. Although @entity0 is asymmetrically localized in embryonic SOP lineage, this is not observed in the adult SOP lineage: @entity0 is first detected in the @entity1 nucleus and, during @entity1 division, it is cytoplasmic and inherited by both neuron and sheath cells. Subsequently, @entity0 is downregulated in the neuron but maintained in the sheath cell. Loss of @entity0 function leads to 'double bristle' sense organs (reflecting a @entity1 -to-IIa transformation) or 'single bristle' sense organs with abnormal neuronal differentiation (reflecting defective @entity1 development). Conversely, ectopic @entity0 expression results in duplicate neurons and sheath cells and a complete absence of hair/socket cells (reflecting a IIa-to- @entity1 transformation). We conclude that (1) despite the absence of asymmetric protein localization, @entity0 expression is restricted to the @entity1 cell but not its IIa sibling, (2) @entity0 promotes @entity1 cell fate and inhibits IIa cell fate, and (3) @entity0 is required for proper axon and dendrite morphology of the neuron derived from the @entity1 cell. Thus, @entity0 plays a fundamental role in establishing binary IIa/ @entity1 sibling cell fates without being asymmetrically localized during SOP division. Finally, in contrast to previous studies, we find that the @entity1 cell divides prior to the IIa cell in the SOP lineage.

title: XXXX distinguishes sibling cell fate without asymmetric localization in the Drosophila adult external sense organ lineage.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity0 photoreceptors @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity3 are known to play roles in the regulation of flowering time, for which the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We have previously hypothesized that @entity3 mediates a red-light inhibition of floral initiation and @entity2 mediates a blue-light inhibition of the @entity3 function. Studies of the @entity2 / @entity3 double mutant provide direct evidence in support of this hypothesis. The function of cryptochromes in floral induction was further investigated using the @entity2 / @entity1 double mutants. The @entity2 / @entity1 double mutants showed delayed flowering in monochromatic blue light, whereas neither monogenic @entity1 nor @entity2 mutant exhibited late flowering in blue light. This result suggests that, in addition to the @entity3 -dependent function, @entity2 also acts redundantly with @entity1 to promote floral initiation in a @entity3 -independent manner. To understand how photoreceptors regulate the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive development, we examined the effect of sequential illumination by blue light and red light on the flowering time of plants. We found that there was a light-quality-sensitive phase of plant development, during which the quality of light exerts a profound influence on flowering time. After this developmental stage, which is between approximately day-1 to day-7 post germination, plants are committed to floral initiation and the quality of light has little effect on the flowering time. Mutations in either the @entity3 gene or both the @entity1 and @entity2 genes resulted in the loss of the light-quality-sensitive phase manifested during floral development. The commitment time of floral transition, defined by a plant's sensitivity to light quality, coincides with the commitment time of inflorescence development revealed previously by a plant's sensitivity to light quantity - the photoperiod. Therefore, the developmental mechanism resulting in the commitment to flowering appears to be the direct target of the antagonistic actions of the photoreceptors.

title: Antagonistic actions of @entity0 cryptochromes and XXXX in the regulation of floral induction.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The @entity0 photoreceptors @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity3 are known to play roles in the regulation of flowering time, for which the molecular mechanisms remain unclear. We have previously hypothesized that @entity3 mediates a red-light inhibition of floral initiation and @entity2 mediates a blue-light inhibition of the @entity3 function. Studies of the @entity2 / @entity3 double mutant provide direct evidence in support of this hypothesis. The function of cryptochromes in floral induction was further investigated using the @entity2 / @entity1 double mutants. The @entity2 / @entity1 double mutants showed delayed flowering in monochromatic blue light, whereas neither monogenic @entity1 nor @entity2 mutant exhibited late flowering in blue light. This result suggests that, in addition to the @entity3 -dependent function, @entity2 also acts redundantly with @entity1 to promote floral initiation in a @entity3 -independent manner. To understand how photoreceptors regulate the transition from vegetative growth to reproductive development, we examined the effect of sequential illumination by blue light and red light on the flowering time of plants. We found that there was a light-quality-sensitive phase of plant development, during which the quality of light exerts a profound influence on flowering time. After this developmental stage, which is between approximately day-1 to day-7 post germination, plants are committed to floral initiation and the quality of light has little effect on the flowering time. Mutations in either the @entity3 gene or both the @entity1 and @entity2 genes resulted in the loss of the light-quality-sensitive phase manifested during floral development. The commitment time of floral transition, defined by a plant's sensitivity to light quality, coincides with the commitment time of inflorescence development revealed previously by a plant's sensitivity to light quantity - the photoperiod. Therefore, the developmental mechanism resulting in the commitment to flowering appears to be the direct target of the antagonistic actions of the photoreceptors.

title: Antagonistic actions of XXXX cryptochromes and @entity3 in the regulation of floral induction.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare safety and efficacy of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 ( @entity10 ) with exenatide in subjects with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) not achieving glycemic targets with @entity5 and @entity8 in a randomized, open-label, 24-week trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects (N = 372, @entity1 > 6 months, age > or = 18 and < or = 80 years, HbA1c > or = 8%, insulin naive not achieving glycaemic targets, receiving @entity5 and @entity8 ) were randomized 1: 1: 1 to receive either @entity10 QD (12 U before supper); @entity10 BID (12 U divided equally between pre-breakfast and pre-supper); or exenatide (5 microg BID for 4 weeks and 10 microg BID thereafter). Efficacy (HbA1c, fasting plasma @entity2 [FPG]) and safety (adverse events and @entity6 ) were assessed. RESULTS: Glycemic control achieved with both @entity10 BID and @entity10 QD was superior to that with exenatide ( @entity10 BID-exenatide: @entity7 c difference -0.91% [95% CI: -1.23 to -0.59%] and @entity10 QD-exenatide: difference: -0.67% [95% CI: -0.99 to -0.34%]). At the end of the study, more subjects achieved HbA1c < 7% and < or = 6.5% in the @entity10 BID group than in the exenatide group (HbA1c < 7%: 37% vs. 20%, p = 0.0060; @entity7 c < or = 6.5%: 25% vs. 8%, p = 0.0004, respectively). Combined @entity6 (major, minor, symptoms only) were reported by 56%, 61%, and 29% of the subjects in the @entity10 QD, @entity10 BID, and exenatide groups, respectively. Weight gain was observed in the @entity10 group ( @entity10 QD: 2.85 kg, @entity10 BID: 4.08 kg) and weight loss was observed in the exenatide group (-1.96 kg). @entity4 was responsible for discontinuation of seven subjects in the exenatide group and one subject in the @entity10 BID group. CONCLUSIONS: Significantly more @entity1 @entity0 (poorly controlled with combination @entity5 / @entity8 ) achieved glycemic goals when treated with @entity10 than with exenatide. The high baseline HbA1c values (approximately 10.2%) and the long duration of @entity1 (approximately 9 years) suggests that some subjects may have been in an advanced stage of their @entity1 and may not have had sufficient beta-cell function for a @entity9 mimetic to be effective. The insulin-treated groups had more minor hypoglycemic events and @entity3 but less gastrointestinal side-effects. In summary, @entity10 was more efficacious in helping @entity0 with high baseline HbA1c achieve glycemic goals. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00097877.

title: Efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 versus exenatide in subjects with type 2 @entity1 failing to achieve glycemic control with @entity5 and a XXXX .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare safety and efficacy of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 ( @entity10 ) with exenatide in subjects with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) not achieving glycemic targets with @entity5 and @entity8 in a randomized, open-label, 24-week trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects (N = 372, @entity1 > 6 months, age > or = 18 and < or = 80 years, HbA1c > or = 8%, insulin naive not achieving glycaemic targets, receiving @entity5 and @entity8 ) were randomized 1: 1: 1 to receive either @entity10 QD (12 U before supper); @entity10 BID (12 U divided equally between pre-breakfast and pre-supper); or exenatide (5 microg BID for 4 weeks and 10 microg BID thereafter). Efficacy (HbA1c, fasting plasma @entity2 [FPG]) and safety (adverse events and @entity6 ) were assessed. RESULTS: Glycemic control achieved with both @entity10 BID and @entity10 QD was superior to that with exenatide ( @entity10 BID-exenatide: @entity7 c difference -0.91% [95% CI: -1.23 to -0.59%] and @entity10 QD-exenatide: difference: -0.67% [95% CI: -0.99 to -0.34%]). At the end of the study, more subjects achieved HbA1c < 7% and < or = 6.5% in the @entity10 BID group than in the exenatide group (HbA1c < 7%: 37% vs. 20%, p = 0.0060; @entity7 c < or = 6.5%: 25% vs. 8%, p = 0.0004, respectively). Combined @entity6 (major, minor, symptoms only) were reported by 56%, 61%, and 29% of the subjects in the @entity10 QD, @entity10 BID, and exenatide groups, respectively. Weight gain was observed in the @entity10 group ( @entity10 QD: 2.85 kg, @entity10 BID: 4.08 kg) and weight loss was observed in the exenatide group (-1.96 kg). @entity4 was responsible for discontinuation of seven subjects in the exenatide group and one subject in the @entity10 BID group. CONCLUSIONS: Significantly more @entity1 @entity0 (poorly controlled with combination @entity5 / @entity8 ) achieved glycemic goals when treated with @entity10 than with exenatide. The high baseline HbA1c values (approximately 10.2%) and the long duration of @entity1 (approximately 9 years) suggests that some subjects may have been in an advanced stage of their @entity1 and may not have had sufficient beta-cell function for a @entity9 mimetic to be effective. The insulin-treated groups had more minor hypoglycemic events and @entity3 but less gastrointestinal side-effects. In summary, @entity10 was more efficacious in helping @entity0 with high baseline HbA1c achieve glycemic goals. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00097877.

title: Efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 versus exenatide in subjects with type 2 @entity1 failing to achieve glycemic control with XXXX and a @entity8 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare safety and efficacy of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 ( @entity10 ) with exenatide in subjects with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) not achieving glycemic targets with @entity5 and @entity8 in a randomized, open-label, 24-week trial. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Subjects (N = 372, @entity1 > 6 months, age > or = 18 and < or = 80 years, HbA1c > or = 8%, insulin naive not achieving glycaemic targets, receiving @entity5 and @entity8 ) were randomized 1: 1: 1 to receive either @entity10 QD (12 U before supper); @entity10 BID (12 U divided equally between pre-breakfast and pre-supper); or exenatide (5 microg BID for 4 weeks and 10 microg BID thereafter). Efficacy (HbA1c, fasting plasma @entity2 [FPG]) and safety (adverse events and @entity6 ) were assessed. RESULTS: Glycemic control achieved with both @entity10 BID and @entity10 QD was superior to that with exenatide ( @entity10 BID-exenatide: @entity7 c difference -0.91% [95% CI: -1.23 to -0.59%] and @entity10 QD-exenatide: difference: -0.67% [95% CI: -0.99 to -0.34%]). At the end of the study, more subjects achieved HbA1c < 7% and < or = 6.5% in the @entity10 BID group than in the exenatide group (HbA1c < 7%: 37% vs. 20%, p = 0.0060; @entity7 c < or = 6.5%: 25% vs. 8%, p = 0.0004, respectively). Combined @entity6 (major, minor, symptoms only) were reported by 56%, 61%, and 29% of the subjects in the @entity10 QD, @entity10 BID, and exenatide groups, respectively. Weight gain was observed in the @entity10 group ( @entity10 QD: 2.85 kg, @entity10 BID: 4.08 kg) and weight loss was observed in the exenatide group (-1.96 kg). @entity4 was responsible for discontinuation of seven subjects in the exenatide group and one subject in the @entity10 BID group. CONCLUSIONS: Significantly more @entity1 @entity0 (poorly controlled with combination @entity5 / @entity8 ) achieved glycemic goals when treated with @entity10 than with exenatide. The high baseline HbA1c values (approximately 10.2%) and the long duration of @entity1 (approximately 9 years) suggests that some subjects may have been in an advanced stage of their @entity1 and may not have had sufficient beta-cell function for a @entity9 mimetic to be effective. The insulin-treated groups had more minor hypoglycemic events and @entity3 but less gastrointestinal side-effects. In summary, @entity10 was more efficacious in helping @entity0 with high baseline HbA1c achieve glycemic goals. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00097877.

title: Efficacy and safety of biphasic insulin aspart 70/30 versus exenatide in subjects with type 2 XXXX failing to achieve glycemic control with @entity5 and a @entity8 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Whether infancy-onset @entity7 is best regarded as a habit, an early sign of @entity6 , a symptom of @entity3 , or a sign of severe @entity5 has been a topic of continuous debate. In this paper, we describe our clinical experience with nine consecutive cases of infancy-onset @entity7 and detail the evaluation process and treatment course in one case. A distinct psychosocial stressor was identified in all cases, often accompanied by loss in the parents' histories. Most of the @entity0 had no transitional object. In six @entity0 , the symptom resolved after treatment and did not recur, while in three others improvement was partial. Length of treatment varied from four to twenty-one sessions and outcome was unrelated to treatment duration. In all cases, mother- @entity0 interactions were characterized by a lack of maternal physical contact and warmth, sharp maternal transitions between under-involvement and intrusiveness, lack of mutual engagement, and no elaboration of symbolic play. The @entity0 's behavior during play was marked by @entity3 , @entity2 , and momentary withdrawal from the interaction. Our cases reveal an impaired affective interpersonal communication between mother and @entity0 , often masked by a fair overallfamily instrumental functioning. It is tenta- tively suggested that infancy-onset @entity7 represents an end-point symptom of several factors, such as a disturbed parent- @entity0 relationship, a @entity4 threshold in the @entity0 , and a parental @entity1 to overt expressions of aggressive impulses and negative affects. Issues related to treatment modalities are also addressed. Discussion focused on our experience that early-onset cases of @entity7 are often not benign or homogenous in terms of etiology, course, or response to treatment and require much further study.

title: Some reflections on infancy-onset XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Results of histological examinations of sentinel lymphatic nodes (SLN) obtained by rapid peroperative biopsy (RPB) are presented. Our first experience with 77 @entity1 undergoing localized excision of axillary sentinel nodes is reported. Negative nodes were subsequently examined by means of immunohistochemistry of serial sectioned blocks. The aim of the study was to verify the percentage of identified @entity2 , and thus define the reliability of the RPB. At the same time we tried to determine the ratio of the negative biopsies of SLN, which were found positive subsequent to immunohistochemistry examination of serial sections, to the total amount of peroperative negative findings or a "false negativity". Our results were compared with those recently published. Particular demands and possibilities of the method used are briefly discussed. In the group of 77 @entity1 with @entity0 , the total number of 193 SLN were examined (average 2.5, in a @entity1 ranging from 1 to 7). Out of all examined SLN, 45 @entity1 (58.4%) were negative. @entity2 were identified in 32 @entity1 (41.6%). By rapid preoperative biopsy alone, @entity2 were found in 24%, which represents 75% sensitivity. The specificity was 100%. The following examination of serial sectioned specimens with or without immunohistochemistry showed 8 more @entity1 with @entity2 , which represents the false negativity of 15.1%. The @entity2 found in all 8 @entity1 were small micrometastases, isolated @entity3 cells or clusters of cells.

title: [Assessment of sentinel nodes in XXXX by rapid peroperative biopsy and immunohistochemistry in serial sectioning].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 cell adherence to and migration on the extracellular matrix is an important aspect of @entity1 progression. This interaction with the extracellular matrix is mediated primarily through the integrin class of cell adhesion molecules. We identified a restricted expression of alphavbeta3 in highly metastatic K1735M2 and of alphavbeta5 in poorly metastatic K1735C23 @entity2 @entity3 cells. The highly metastatic cells were ten times more motile on @entity4 and fibronectin and approximately three times more invasive through a reconstituted basement membrane than the poorly metastatic cells. This motility was inhibited by addition of anti- @entity5 antibodies. Injection of the alphavbeta3-negative K1735C23 cells into syngeneic @entity2 resulted in the generation of a metastatic variant (K1735C23PM) that neo expressed the alphavbeta3 complex, indicating that expression of alphavbeta3 is required for K1735 @entity3 @entity0 . Injection of highly metastatic K1735M2 cells in the presence of blocking antibody to @entity5 reduced @entity1 size by approximately 80%. Treatment of the K1735M2 cells with a retroviral antisense @entity5 construct significantly reduced their expression of alphavbeta3 and also reduced their motility on extracellular matrix ligands and their invasion through a reconstituted basement membrane. In contrast, when the K1735C23 cells were treated with a construct containing the full-length @entity5 cDNA, their motility on extracellular matrix proteins and invasion of a reconstituted basement membrane were significantly increased. These results indicate that alphavbeta3 is required for migration and invasion of K1735 @entity3 cells in vitro and primary @entity1 growth and @entity0 in vivo.

title: Differential expression of alphav integrins in K1735 XXXX cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to evaluate and compare the outcome of various causes of non-malignant lesions of the esophagus after endoscopic therapeutic intervention. METHODS: A cohort of @entity0 with non-malignant @entity5 presenting at Aga Khan University hospital, a tertiary care setting who underwent endoscopic intervention was studied. Response to treatment was evaluated by improvement in @entity5 score on a scale of 0-4 and @entity3 . RESULTS: 99 subjects (53 males) were included. Mean age was 48.6 +/- 17.2 years. @entity5 for solids was present in 48%, for liquids in 3% and for both in 49% @entity0 . Significant @entity2 (>10% body weight) occurred in 35 (35.3%) @entity0 . @entity6 was diagnosed in 49.5%, peptic stricture in 30.4%, post sclerotherapy stricture in 12.1%, @entity1 in 4%, post-operative stricture in 4%. In comparative analysis of @entity6 and inflammatory groups, good response to @entity5 was seen in 40/49 (82%) and 22/50 (44%) respectively p < 0.001. Weight gain was 35/49 (72%) and 22/50 (44%) p <0.001 respectively. Significantly, more endoscopic sessions were required in inflammatory group compare to @entity6 ; 2.2 and 1.1 respectively; p <0.001 and 160% complications rate in inflammatory group comparing to no complications in @entity6 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 and @entity2 were common presentations in non-malignant @entity4 . Therapeutic intervention in inflammatory group was associated with high complication than the @entity6 group.

title: Outcome of endoscopic therapeutic interventions: are they different among various non-malignant XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of @entity1 symptoms in @entity0 from a rural district in North-Tanzania, and their relationship to aerobic fitness and body fat. METHODS: In Manyara region in Tanzania, @entity0 (aged 9-10 years) were randomly selected to participate in the present cross-sectional study. Hundred and seventy two @entity0 completed a video questionnaire showing the symptoms and signs of @entity1 . Lung function was measured by maximum forced expiratory flow-volume curves. Aerobic fitness was estimated from a standardized indirect maximal cycle ergometer test and sum of three skinfolds reflected body fat. RESULTS: Twenty four per cent reported @entity1 symptoms last year. Severe wheezing attacks last year were reported in 5% of the @entity0 . Thirty seven per cent of the @entity0 were underweight. Underweight @entity0 had significantly lower (P < 0.02) lung function (per cent of predicted). Lower body fat was associated with higher occurrence of @entity1 symptoms (odds ratio and 95% CI; 0.45 (0.22-0.95; P = 0.04). Aerobic fitness was not associated with @entity1 symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: More than every fifth 9-10 year old @entity0 from a rural district in North-Tanzania reported @entity1 symptoms. Lower body fat was associated with higher occurrence of @entity1 symptoms, but aerobic fitness was not associated with @entity1 symptoms.

title: Asthma symptoms in rural living Tanzanian XXXX ; prevalence and the relation to aerobic fitness and body fat.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A pilot study of @entity2 was conducted in two contiguous villages of Patna district in Bihar situated at the side of the river Ganges, known to be endemic for @entity2 , to study present status of transmission parameters of @entity3 . Of the 1872 @entity0 examined, 8.4% were found asymptomatic but microfilaraemic. Morbidity pattern due to filarial infection showed an increase with advancement of age and significantly high in males as compared to female (p < 0.001). @entity1 was observed as 0.5% and 9% respectively. Microfilaria was found in 10% of acute and 11.2% of chronic filarial cases. The Mf rate was found to be 9.9% in males and 9.0% in females respectively. The parasite species was identified as @entity4 . The vector fauna surveyed show highest prevalence of vector species of Cx. quinquefasciatus (43%) in both domestic as well as predomestic area in the community. Other species like Cx. vishnui and Ma. uniformis were also seen. Each household and predomestic area was searched for mosquito fauna at night. The infection rate in vectors was found to be 14% and infectivity rate (L3) was 8%. The @entity3 cases detected in the study were treated with 12 days course of DEC 6 mg/kg body weight.

title: A pilot study on the status of XXXX in a rural community of Bihar.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase) activity is inhibited in cultured hippocampal cells following direct application of @entity4 . The goal of the present study was to determine if hippocampal regions that undergo delayed cell @entity0 following @entity4 microinfusion would exhibit changes in CaM kinase immunoreactivity. Gerbils received bilateral intra-hippocampal infusions of @entity6 (34 microg/microl), or control treatments of @entity7 or saline. Animals were sacrificed at 12 or 24 hr to assess cell loss and determine changes in CaM kinase-like immunoreactivity. Hippocampi of gerbils euthanized 12 hr following @entity6 , or 24 hr following @entity7 , did not exhibit cell @entity0 in the hippocampal @entity2 region. Animals injected with @entity6 and sacrificed 24 hr after infusion had extensive cell damage that was restricted to the hippocampal @entity2 region. CaM kinase-like immunoreactivity was absent in the hippocampal @entity2 region of all @entity6 treated animals sacrificed at 12 hr. In these same sections, CaM kinase immunoreactivity was evident in the subiculum, @entity5 and @entity3 regions. Reduction in CaM kinase immunoreactivity following @entity6 were also observed using Western analysis. The results confirm and extend the findings of earlier cell culture studies by demonstrating a reduction in CaM kinase immunoreactivity that occurred prior to cell @entity0 .

title: In vivo XXXX neurotoxicity is associated with reductions in @entity1 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II immunoreactivity.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity1 /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM kinase) activity is inhibited in cultured hippocampal cells following direct application of @entity4 . The goal of the present study was to determine if hippocampal regions that undergo delayed cell @entity0 following @entity4 microinfusion would exhibit changes in CaM kinase immunoreactivity. Gerbils received bilateral intra-hippocampal infusions of @entity6 (34 microg/microl), or control treatments of @entity7 or saline. Animals were sacrificed at 12 or 24 hr to assess cell loss and determine changes in CaM kinase-like immunoreactivity. Hippocampi of gerbils euthanized 12 hr following @entity6 , or 24 hr following @entity7 , did not exhibit cell @entity0 in the hippocampal @entity2 region. Animals injected with @entity6 and sacrificed 24 hr after infusion had extensive cell damage that was restricted to the hippocampal @entity2 region. CaM kinase-like immunoreactivity was absent in the hippocampal @entity2 region of all @entity6 treated animals sacrificed at 12 hr. In these same sections, CaM kinase immunoreactivity was evident in the subiculum, @entity5 and @entity3 regions. Reduction in CaM kinase immunoreactivity following @entity6 were also observed using Western analysis. The results confirm and extend the findings of earlier cell culture studies by demonstrating a reduction in CaM kinase immunoreactivity that occurred prior to cell @entity0 .

title: In vivo @entity4 neurotoxicity is associated with reductions in XXXX /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II immunoreactivity.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Detailed information is lacking on effectiveness of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) in @entity2 , side-effects, and duration of remission after discontinuation. OBJECTIVES: To determine effectiveness, side-effects and period of remission gained by use of @entity5 in @entity2 . METHODS: All @entity0 with a @entity2 who were treated with @entity5 (group A) or @entity5 with @entity3 (CS) (group B) between 1995 and 2007 were evaluated. Detailed information was collected on dosage and duration of @entity5 treatment, concomitant immunosuppressive medication and CS treatment, effectiveness, side-effects, duration of the remission period, and time until restart. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity0 (A, n = 47; B, n = 11) were evaluated. Clinical assessment revealed that 38 @entity0 (81%) treated with @entity5 and 11 @entity0 (100%) treated with @entity5 + CS showed improvement of @entity6 skin. After one treatment course 51% of the @entity0 treated with @entity5 and 73% treated with @entity5 + CS reached remission status with a median follow-up time of 55 and 58 months. @entity0 showing relapse still responded to a second and even to a third course of @entity5 . @entity0 who showed a relapse had received a lower cumulative dose, due to a shorter period of treatment with @entity5 in the first course. Serious side-effects were seen in six @entity0 (10%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 was an effective treatment for various @entity2 with a long period of remission and relatively low @entity1 . @entity0 showing relapse still responded to a second and third course of @entity5 .

title: Effectiveness, side-effects and period of remission after treatment with XXXX in localized scleroderma and related @entity2 : an inception cohort study.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Detailed information is lacking on effectiveness of @entity4 ( @entity5 ) in @entity2 , side-effects, and duration of remission after discontinuation. OBJECTIVES: To determine effectiveness, side-effects and period of remission gained by use of @entity5 in @entity2 . METHODS: All @entity0 with a @entity2 who were treated with @entity5 (group A) or @entity5 with @entity3 (CS) (group B) between 1995 and 2007 were evaluated. Detailed information was collected on dosage and duration of @entity5 treatment, concomitant immunosuppressive medication and CS treatment, effectiveness, side-effects, duration of the remission period, and time until restart. RESULTS: Fifty-eight @entity0 (A, n = 47; B, n = 11) were evaluated. Clinical assessment revealed that 38 @entity0 (81%) treated with @entity5 and 11 @entity0 (100%) treated with @entity5 + CS showed improvement of @entity6 skin. After one treatment course 51% of the @entity0 treated with @entity5 and 73% treated with @entity5 + CS reached remission status with a median follow-up time of 55 and 58 months. @entity0 showing relapse still responded to a second and even to a third course of @entity5 . @entity0 who showed a relapse had received a lower cumulative dose, due to a shorter period of treatment with @entity5 in the first course. Serious side-effects were seen in six @entity0 (10%). CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 was an effective treatment for various @entity2 with a long period of remission and relatively low @entity1 . @entity0 showing relapse still responded to a second and third course of @entity5 .

title: Effectiveness, side-effects and period of remission after treatment with @entity4 in localized scleroderma and related XXXX : an inception cohort study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Veterans General Hospital started study for @entity1 ( @entity1 ) since 1996. We used clinical @entity3 rating (CDR) of 0.5 to define our @entity3 ( @entity3 ) subjects. These @entity3 subjects received annual neuropsychological assessment in 5-year follow-up period. Annual conversion rate, @entity4 ( @entity4 ) genotype and neuropsychological risk factors for @entity3 were investigated. We found a 19.9% @entity0 -year conversion rate for these @entity3 subjects. Both of the poor cognitive performance and @entity4 epsilon4 allele were risk factors for progressing to @entity3 . Based on the results of this study and the progress in the concept of @entity1 , we added more complex verbal and visual memory tests as well as MRI-based volumetry measurement in our subsequent research. Peterson's @entity1 criteria were used to diagnose our @entity1 subjects. In the 3-year follow-up period, the conversional rate was 18.2% @entity0 -year for @entity1 subjects, similar to our previous finding in @entity3 . We found hippocampal volume was positively associated with cognitive performance. @entity4 genotype had effect on hippocampal volume. Subjects with lower cognitive performance and smaller hippocampi had higher risk converting to @entity2 . With rapidly expanding research on @entity3 and @entity1 worldwide, we are looking forward to seeing the integration in neurobiology, neuroimaging, and neurobehavior fields to establish a multidisciplinary approach to @entity1 and @entity3 .

title: The XXXX study in Taiwan.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity6 ( @entity6 ) has been associated with the administration of @entity4 -based contrast agents in @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity1 ( @entity1 ), or @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Since the vast majority of these @entity0 do not get @entity6 , it is highly likely that @entity0 factors play a role in its development. Although "free" or dechelated @entity4 is thought by some to be the only trigger of @entity6 , recent evidence suggests that chelated @entity4 may be important. Chelated @entity4 such as Omniscan ( @entity5 ) and Magnevist ( @entity7 ) can directly stimulate macrophages and monocytes in vitro to release profibrotic cytokines and growth factors capable of initiating and supporting the tissue @entity2 that is characteristic of @entity6 . In addition, an effect of chelated @entity4 on fibroblasts has also been demonstrated. Chelated @entity4 in the form of Omniscan, Magnevist, MultiHance, and ProHance increased proliferation of @entity0 dermal fibroblasts. Indeed, increased numbers of macrophages, together with activated fibroblasts and fibrocytes, are essential cells in the fibrotic process and are present in @entity6 skin. Accordingly, it is important that chelated @entity4 , in combination with @entity0 cofactors, is considered in the etiology of @entity6 associated with enhanced scans. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;30:1277-1283. (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

title: Mechanism of XXXX : New evidence challenging the prevailing theory.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECT: Lumbar @entity8 are a potential cause of @entity3 and @entity4 , and the definitive treatment is the complete excision of the cyst. This report summarizes the authors' preliminary clinical experience with the minimally invasive resection of lumbar @entity8 . METHODS: Nineteen @entity0 (nine @entity0 and 10 @entity0 ) with symptomatic @entity8 underwent minimally invasive resection. The mean @entity0 age was 64 years of age (range 43-80 years). The presenting symptom was @entity3 in 16 @entity0 , @entity5 in two, and @entity2 in one. There were 16 cases of a cyst located at the L4-5 level, two at @entity7 , and one at L5-S1. The mean cyst diameter was 13.7 mm (range 3-30 mm). The mean follow-up time was 16 months (range 4-29 months). Clinical outcomes were graded, based on the Macnab modified criteria, as excellent, good, fair, or poor. Eighteen @entity0 (95% of cases) reported either excellent (10 @entity0 ) or good (eight @entity0 ) results, and a fair result was reported by one @entity0 (5% of cases). The mean operative time was 158 minutes (range 75-270 minutes), and the average intraoperative @entity1 was 31 ml (range 10-100 ml). Two @entity0 had intraoperative dural tears that resulted in @entity6 that resolved following primary closure. CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 can be safely and effectively treated using minimally invasive surgical techniques. Long-term follow up is required to determine whether this approach results in less need for fusion than conventional surgical approaches.

title: Treatment of lumbar XXXX using minimally invasive surgical techniques.

answer: @entity8


abstract: Major hormonal changes emerge during pregnancy. The pituitary gland is one of the most affected organs with altered anatomy and physiology. The pituitary gland is enlarged as a result of @entity6 . Due to physiological changes in the pituitary and target hormone levels, binding globulins, and placental hormones, hormonal evaluation becomes more complex in pregnant @entity0 . As a consequence of physiological hormonal changes, the evaluation of pituitary functions in pregnant @entity0 is quite different from that done in the prepregnant state. @entity5 may cause problems by their hormone secretion that affects the mother and the fetus besides causing an increased risk of @entity1 growth. Furthermore, diagnosis, course, and treatment of @entity9 point out differences. The changes in anatomy and physiology of the pituitary gland during pregnancy are reviewed. @entity9 namely @entity3 ; @entity7 ; @entity8 ; TSH-secreting, gonadotropin-producing, and clinically nonfunctioning @entity2 ; @entity4 ; and @entity10 , which is one of the most common causes of @entity10 , @entity9 , and @entity10 , in relation to pregnancy are discussed. Being aware of all this information will prevent any serious problems which mother and @entity0 will be exposed to.

title: Pregnancy and XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Intrapleural fibrinolytic enzymes have been used for over 60 years in the treatment of complicated pleural effusions to lyse loculations and promote resolution. Despite this extensive history of use, however, little is known about complications that may arise with the use of this therapy. Here we discuss a @entity0 with @entity1 on hemodialysis who developed an @entity2 after the administration of intrapleural tPA to treat a complicated parapneumonic effusion. A review of the literature examines the efficacy and safety of this therapy, focusing on @entity2 complications. Specific attention is paid to @entity0 who have underlying @entity3 or who are receiving anticoagulation. DATA SOURCES: A review of the literature, as indexed in PubMed, was undertaken using the following search terms in combination: tPA, @entity4 , complications of thrombolytics, and @entity2 . The search was inclusive of @entity0 under the age of 18, but was limited by English language and @entity0 subjects. STUDY SELECTION/DATA EXTRACTION: All relevant articles identified during the search were reviewed. Those studies that reported on @entity2 complications, or lack thereof, were included in this review. Limitations of each article are noted in the text. CONCLUSIONS: Multiple studies, including a 2000 ACP consensus statement and a 2008 Cochrane review, indicate the need for further investigations to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intrapleural thrombolytics for the treatment of complicated @entity4 . Limited studies specifically address @entity2 complications, especially in subpopulations of @entity0 receiving concurrent anticoagulant therapy.

title: XXXX after administration of tPA: a case report and review of the literature.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective was to investigate the efficacy of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) in decreasing the ventricular rate in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 presenting with new-onset, rapid @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted in an adult university hospital. @entity0 aged > or =18 years with @entity2 onset of less than 48 hours and a sustained ventricular rate of >100 beats/min were randomized to either intravenous (IV) @entity4 10 mmol or normal saline (NSal). Rhythm and instantaneous heart rate as measured by the monitor were recorded at baseline and every 15 minutes for 2 hours after starting the trial drug. Heart rate and rhythm were compared at 2 hours. A multilevel modeling analysis was performed to adjust for differences in baseline heart rate and any additional treatment and to examine changes in heart rate over time. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity0 were randomized to @entity4 and 24 to NSal. Baseline heart rate was lower in the @entity4 group (mean +/- standard deviation [+/-SD] = 125 +/- 24 vs. 140 +/- 21 beats/min]. One and 3 @entity0 in the @entity4 and NSal groups, respectively, were given another antiarrhythmic or were electrically cardioverted within 2 hours after starting the trial drug. Heart rate (mean +/- SD) at 2 hours in both @entity4 (116 +/- 30 beats/min) and NSal groups (114 +/- 31 beats/min) decreased below their respective baseline levels. However, the rate of heart rate decrease across time did not differ between groups (p = 0.124). The proportion of @entity0 who converted to sinus rhythm 2 hours post-trial drug did not differ ( @entity4 8.7% vs. NSal 25.0%, p = 0.25). CONCLUSIONS: This study was unable to demonstrate a difference between IV @entity4 10 mmol and saline placebo for reducing heart rate or conversion to sinus rhythm at 2 hours posttreatment in @entity1 @entity0 with @entity2 of less than 48 hours duration.

title: @entity3 versus placebo for XXXX : a randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: The objective was to investigate the efficacy of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) in decreasing the ventricular rate in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 presenting with new-onset, rapid @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: A double-blinded, placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted in an adult university hospital. @entity0 aged > or =18 years with @entity2 onset of less than 48 hours and a sustained ventricular rate of >100 beats/min were randomized to either intravenous (IV) @entity4 10 mmol or normal saline (NSal). Rhythm and instantaneous heart rate as measured by the monitor were recorded at baseline and every 15 minutes for 2 hours after starting the trial drug. Heart rate and rhythm were compared at 2 hours. A multilevel modeling analysis was performed to adjust for differences in baseline heart rate and any additional treatment and to examine changes in heart rate over time. RESULTS: Twenty-four @entity0 were randomized to @entity4 and 24 to NSal. Baseline heart rate was lower in the @entity4 group (mean +/- standard deviation [+/-SD] = 125 +/- 24 vs. 140 +/- 21 beats/min]. One and 3 @entity0 in the @entity4 and NSal groups, respectively, were given another antiarrhythmic or were electrically cardioverted within 2 hours after starting the trial drug. Heart rate (mean +/- SD) at 2 hours in both @entity4 (116 +/- 30 beats/min) and NSal groups (114 +/- 31 beats/min) decreased below their respective baseline levels. However, the rate of heart rate decrease across time did not differ between groups (p = 0.124). The proportion of @entity0 who converted to sinus rhythm 2 hours post-trial drug did not differ ( @entity4 8.7% vs. NSal 25.0%, p = 0.25). CONCLUSIONS: This study was unable to demonstrate a difference between IV @entity4 10 mmol and saline placebo for reducing heart rate or conversion to sinus rhythm at 2 hours posttreatment in @entity1 @entity0 with @entity2 of less than 48 hours duration.

title: XXXX versus placebo for @entity2 : a randomized clinical trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSES: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an @entity1 and is the frequently common lethal genetic pathology. The purposes of this study were to: (1) determine the presence of 3 different types of enamel defects: (a) demarcated @entity3 ; (b) diffuse @entity3 ; and (c) @entity4 in the deciduous and permanent dentition of @entity5 @entity0 ; and (2) compare with a control group. METHODS: The case group was defined as 13 @entity0 who were diagnosed with @entity5 and enrolled in a multiprofessional project of the Catholic University of Bras  lia (CUB), Brasilia, Brazil. All @entity5 subjects were compared with control subjects selected from @entity0 at the CUB. Each @entity5 subject was individually paired with a control subject of similar sex and age. A full-mouth examination was carried out for the developmental defects of enamel (DDE) index. RESULTS: The most prevalent @entity2 in deciduous teeth was demarcated @entity3 present in 16% of the case group and in 7% of the control group. Although the defects were more prevalent in the case group, the difference was not statistically significant (P=0.57). The frequency of demarcated @entity3 was more prevalent in permanent teeth of the case group: 39% compared to 11% in the control group. For the control group, diffuse @entity3 were the more prevalent defects: 17% compared to 15% in the case group. The case group had more enamel defects in permanent teeth compared to the control (P=0.0003). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, enamel defects were frequently found in the permanent teeth of @entity5 @entity0 . Therefore, professionals who treat @entity0 should be alerted to promoting oral health among these @entity0 .

title: Presence of developmental defects of enamel in cystic fibrosis XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: CONTEXT: @entity2 is a major contributor to disability in older adults; however, the potential role of @entity2 as a risk factor for falls is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether chronic @entity3 is associated with an increased occurrence of falls in a cohort of community-living older adults. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : The Maintenance of Balance, Independent Living, Intellect, and Zest in the Elderly (MOBILIZE) Boston Study is a population-based longitudinal study of falls involving 749 adults aged 70 years and older. @entity0 were enrolled from September 2005 through January 2008. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: @entity0 recorded falls on monthly calendar postcards mailed to the study center during an 18-month period. RESULTS: There were 1029 falls reported during the follow-up. A report of 2 or more locations of @entity3 at baseline was associated with greater occurrence of falls. The age-adjusted rates of falls per @entity0 -year were 1.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.23) for the 300 @entity0 with 2 or more sites of joint @entity1 , 0.90 (95% CI, 0.87-0.92) for the 181 @entity0 with single-site @entity1 , and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.74-0.81) for the 267 @entity0 with no joint @entity1 . Similarly, more severe or disabling @entity1 at baseline was associated with higher fall rates (P < .05). The association persisted after adjusting for multiple confounders and fall risk factors. The greatest risk for falls was observed in @entity0 who had 2 or more @entity1 sites (adjusted rate ratio [RR], 1.53; 95% CI, 1.17-1.99), and those in the highest tertiles of @entity1 severity (adjusted RR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.12-2.08) and @entity1 interference with activities (adjusted RR, 1.53; 95%CI, 1.15-2.05), compared with their peers with no @entity1 or those in the lowest tertiles of @entity1 scores. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 measured according to number of locations, severity, or @entity1 interference with daily activities was associated with greater risk of falls in older adults.

title: XXXX and the occurrence of falls in an older population.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of oral/intestinal Candida colonization and Candida-antigen/antibody in immunosuppressed @entity0 after HTx (group III, n = 31), in @entity0 with CHD (group II, n = 24) and in @entity0 with healthy hearts (comparison group, group I, n = 23) aged 2-16 yr according to their dental status between 2004 and 2007. Candida species in saliva, dental plaque, @entity2 and stool were detected with Sabouraud-/CHROMagar and Auxacolor system. Candida-specific-antigen/antibody assays were used for serological diagnosis. Dental status was determined on the basis of the @entity4 / @entity4 (T/t)-index. We found significant group differences in fecal Candida colonization (p = 0.027). In relation to dental status, @entity1 increased within group III from 28.5% [ @entity4 / @entity4 (T/t) = 0] to 66.7% [ @entity4 / @entity4 (T/t) > or = 1] up to 100.0% [D/d(T/t) > or = 1], similar in groups I and II. Candida-mannan-antigen was determined to be positive in 16.1% (HTx), 5.5% (CHD) and 13.0% (comparison group). We show correlation between @entity1 and (carious) dental status. We assume that high oral Candida and their descending/resorption through the gastrointestinal tract may lead to serologic Candida accumulation or rather candidiasis. Therefore, healthy oral cavity (especially before/after HTx) is an important precondition to prevent @entity3 .

title: Caries-, Candida- and Candida antigen/antibody frequency in XXXX after heart transplantation and @entity0 with congenital heart disease.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of oral/intestinal Candida colonization and Candida-antigen/antibody in immunosuppressed @entity0 after HTx (group III, n = 31), in @entity0 with CHD (group II, n = 24) and in @entity0 with healthy hearts (comparison group, group I, n = 23) aged 2-16 yr according to their dental status between 2004 and 2007. Candida species in saliva, dental plaque, @entity2 and stool were detected with Sabouraud-/CHROMagar and Auxacolor system. Candida-specific-antigen/antibody assays were used for serological diagnosis. Dental status was determined on the basis of the @entity4 / @entity4 (T/t)-index. We found significant group differences in fecal Candida colonization (p = 0.027). In relation to dental status, @entity1 increased within group III from 28.5% [ @entity4 / @entity4 (T/t) = 0] to 66.7% [ @entity4 / @entity4 (T/t) > or = 1] up to 100.0% [D/d(T/t) > or = 1], similar in groups I and II. Candida-mannan-antigen was determined to be positive in 16.1% (HTx), 5.5% (CHD) and 13.0% (comparison group). We show correlation between @entity1 and (carious) dental status. We assume that high oral Candida and their descending/resorption through the gastrointestinal tract may lead to serologic Candida accumulation or rather candidiasis. Therefore, healthy oral cavity (especially before/after HTx) is an important precondition to prevent @entity3 .

title: Caries-, Candida- and Candida antigen/antibody frequency in @entity0 after heart transplantation and XXXX with congenital heart disease.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze illicit drug use of @entity0 in a @entity1 treatment program in relation to @entity1 dose, counseling, and retention. METHODS: This was a longitudinal study of a cohort of 204 heroin-dependent subjects admitted for the first time to a @entity1 program in Stockholm. The @entity0 were admitted between 1995 and mid-2000 and were followed until December 2000 or discharge. Up to June 11, 1998, individual psychosocial counseling was provided; after this date individual counseling was replaced with group counseling. Clinical data were collected from @entity0 records and from a laboratory database. Rates of drug-positive urine analyses during different time periods were measured. RESULTS: The mean observation time was 2.5 years for all @entity0 . The one-year retention rate was 84 percent, and the two-year rate was 65 percent, with no major differences between the two counseling groups. Almost all @entity0 relapsed to illicit drug use. Discharged @entity0 had a significantly higher rate of positive urine samples (21 percent versus 9 percent) than @entity0 who remained in treatment. Also, low @entity1 dose and younger age predicted discharge from treatment. CONCLUSION: The frequent urine monitoring showed that illicit drug use was rather common, even in a program with structured psychosocial interventions, although it was lower than in other studies. This testing policy can be used for early identification of @entity0 at risk for drop-out or discharge who should be offered complementary interventions.

title: Patterns of illicit drug use and retention in a XXXX program: a longitudinal study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The incidence of @entity5 has increased in the past decades. Traditionally, management was based on surgical decompression. More recent studies have shown conservative management has successful outcomes in selected @entity0 . CASE REPORT: We present a case, in which an elderly @entity0 presented with new onset @entity2 and mild @entity3 more than a week after a complicated revision of an intrathecal catheter in place for management of chronic @entity4 . Magentic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a posterior epidural abscess from T12 to L2. Two Touhy needles were placed in the epidural space with fluoroscopic guidance for drainage of the abscess. A catheter was then advanced into the epidural space for irrigation with saline and an antibiotic solution. Intravenous antibiotics were continued for a total of 6 weeks. @entity2 resolved immediately post-procedure. Serial MRIs also showed decreasing size of the abscess. CONCLUSION: Posterior spinal epidural abscesses may be successfully treated by way of the two Touhy needle and catheter technique for drainage and irrigation. This procedure should be reserved for @entity0 that present with no @entity1 or deemed nonsurgical candidates. @entity0 should continue on prolonged intravenous antibiotics and be monitored closely for clinical deterioration and undergo serial follow-up MRIs.

title: Two-tuohy needle and catheter technique for fluoroscopically guided percutaneous XXXX : a case report.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Dermatophytes are pathogenic fungi that infect @entity0 skin, nails and hair and cause @entity2 . @entity3 is one of the most widespread species that belong to this group. Infection of the skin tissues include several stages, i.e., adhesion to the surface of the skin, invasion into the sublayers by the penetration of fungal elements and secretion of enzymes that degrade the skin components. In this study we have followed the morphology of the fungal elements, such as arthroconidia and hyphae, during the adhesion and invasion stages. Skin explants were inoculated with the dermatophyte and observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Skin explants were also inoculated with a transgenic isolate of @entity3 expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP). The infected sublayers were investigated by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). As an adaptation to the tissue environment, the dermatophyte produced long fibrils when it is on the open surface of the stratum corneum, while short and thin fibrils are produced inside the dense sublayers. The short and long projections might have a role in adhesion. Invasion may be produced by mechanical and biochemical means. Invasion of the tissue showed hyphal branching and growth in multiple directions. The proteolytic profile was assayed by substrate gel and proteolytic activity. Two @entity1 proteases of similar molecular weight were secreted during growth on the epidermal matrix components keratin and elastin. The dermatophyte may use the proteolytic enzymes to invade the surface and also the deep layer of the skin in immunocompromised @entity0 . Dermatophytes, which are well adapted infectious agents, seem to use their mechanical and biochemical capabilities to invade the skin tissue effectively.

title: Infection stages of the dermatophyte pathogen XXXX : microscopic characterization and proteolytic enzymes.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The use of screening episodes linked to CIN3 and invasive @entity1 registrations to study outcomes from the NHS Cervical Screening ProgrammeObjective: To examine how NHS cervical screening data can be collected and analysed in order to evaluate @entity0 's screening histories as episodes rather than as individual smears. DESIGN: Analysis of routine cervical screening data grouped into screening episodes for a cohort of @entity0 regarding episodes starting in a given year. SETTING: NHS Cervical Screening Programme. POPULATION: Data from four Health Authorities (now eight Primary Care Trusts) from the NHS Cervical Screening Programme with primary smears (first in an episode) taken between 1 April 1999 and 31 March 2000. METHODS: Cytology information obtained from the call/recall ('Exeter') computer system was linked to @entity2 ( @entity2 ) 3 and invasive @entity1 outcome information obtained from @entity1 registries. Screening histories were divided into episodes, each starting with a primary smear that was followed up to episode closure or, for episodes still open followed for an average 4.25 years, from the primary smear. The episode was divided into two parts (up to referral to colposcopy and following the referral). The outcomes of the episodes are described including referral rate to colposcopy and CIN3 and invasive @entity1 rates by factors such as age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Episode histories and rates of referral to colposcopy, CIN3 and invasive @entity1 . RESULTS: There were 176 923 episodes from 176 319 @entity0 (1.003 episodes per @entity0 ) followed up to March 2004, the date at which the first phase of information accrual ceased. Of these episodes, 172 100 (97.3%) were closed either by a negative smear referring the @entity0 back to routine recall or by default (defined as no smear recorded within 21 months following a smear requiring an action of repeat or refer to colposcopy). The remaining 4823 (2.7%) of episodes were still open, of which in 3121 (1.8%) the @entity0 had been referred to colposcopy and in 1702 (1.0%) no referral decision had been made. Referral rates to colposcopy varied by age from 5.7% in @entity0 aged 20-24 years down to 0.9% in @entity0 aged 60-64 years. The overall efficiency of screening was highest for @entity0 aged about 30 years, with a CIN3 detection rate of eight per 1000 @entity0 and a positive predictive value (for CIN3 or worse) of referral to colposcopy of 21%. CONCLUSION: The study has shown that routinely collected NHS cervical screening data can be combined to give information on complete episodes, allowing important performance measures to be studied. We suggest that in future information in the NHS screening system should be structured to facilitate such analysis and to allow cytology and histology information to be readily linked.

title: The use of screening episodes linked to CIN3 and invasive XXXX registrations to study outcomes from the NHS Cervical Screening Programme.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM: The face's architecture of dentate subjects has been studied to find a reliable guide for the selection of artificial @entity2 . However, there is no consensus of data regarding a reference to estimate the width of artificial teeth. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze whether there is a consistent relationship between the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and the combined mesiodistal width of the six @entity2 . METHODS: Standardized digital photographs of 81 dentate Brazilian subjects were included in the sample. They were 37 @entity0 and 44 @entity0 (age 17 to 33). Through image processing software, the @entity3 and the distance between the tips of the maxillary @entity1 were measured when viewed from the frontal aspect. Accurate casts were made to quantify the distance between the distal surfaces of the maxillary @entity1 on a curve, by use of a flexible millimeter ruler. Nonparametric statistics were performed to analyze the results (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The @entity3 when compared with the width of the six @entity2 , on a straight line and on a curve, presented a ratio of 0.914 and of 1.305, respectively. The Wilcoxon test showed no significant difference between the calculated width values and the mesiodistal width measured on a curve and on a straight line (p = 0.986). CONCLUSION: The @entity3 , when increased by 31% of its value, can suggest the circumferential distance of the six @entity2 . CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The width of the nose, when measured in digital photographs, can be utilized as a reliable guide for the selection of the @entity2 . It can improve the esthetic result of the oral rehabilitation treatment for the edentulous @entity0 by offering a natural dentofacial relation.

title: Interalar distance to estimate the combined width of the six XXXX in oral rehabilitation treatment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: The median age of @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity3 ( @entity3 ) at presentation is 71 years. We conducted an analysis of Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data to assess whether the presentation and outcomes of @entity3 in younger @entity0 (age < or =40 years) are different from that in older @entity0 (age >40 years). METHODS: We obtained the demographic, clinical, and outcomes data for all @entity0 diagnosed with @entity3 from 1988 to 2003 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. @entity0 were grouped by age at diagnosis into younger than or equal to 40 years (younger cohort) or older than 40 years (older cohort). RESULTS: During the period analyzed, we identified 2775 @entity0 with @entity3 in the younger cohort and 236,313 @entity0 in the older cohort. Compared with the older group, the younger group had greater proportion of African Americans (19.2% versus 10.9%; p < 0.0001), Asian or Pacific Islander (10.3% versus 5.9%; p < 0.0001), @entity0 (48.7% versus 41.9%; p < 0.0001), and @entity0 with stage IV disease (57.4% versus 43.0%; p < 0.0001). @entity1 was more common in younger @entity0 than in the older @entity0 (57.5% versus 45.2%; p < 0.0001). @entity2 was less prevalent in the younger cohort than in older cohort (12.5% versus 26.4%; p < 0.0001). Five-year overall survival and cancer specific survival were significantly better for younger @entity0 than for older @entity0 across all stages. CONCLUSIONS: There is a greater representation of African Americans, Asians or Pacific Islanders, @entity0 , and @entity1 histology in the younger cohort of @entity0 with @entity3 compared with the older cohort. Despite presenting with stage IV disease more often, the overall and cancer-specific survivals are better in younger cohort than in the older cohort.

title: Distinctive characteristics of @entity3 ( XXXX ) in the young: a surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) analysis.

answer: @entity3