abstract: The shape and size of the adrenals in control subjects without @entity2 were studied by computed tomography (CT), and a comparative assessment of diagnostic values of ultrasonography (US) by electronic linear scanner, CT, and adrenal scintigraphy was made on 9 @entity0 with @entity5 . Adrenal imaging by scintigraphy was performed on the 5th and 6th day, or further on the 7th day after the injection of 1 mCi of @entity7 . CT findings of the adrenals in control subjects: Eighty-two % of 100 control right adrenals, and 89% of 100 control left adrenals were detected by CT. Seventy-seven % of the right adrenals were in linear-shape, and the others were in V-shape. The shape of the left adrenals could be classified into triangular-shape (54%), Y-shape (28%) and V-shape (18%). The mean width and thickness of the right adrenals were 28.6 +/- 7.5 mm ( @entity6 ) and 3.8 +/- 1.4 mm, respectively. Those of the left ones were 19.4 +/- 5.5 mm and 5.3 +/- 1.8 mm. Image diagnosis of @entity5 : In 2 out of 3 @entity0 examined by US, aldosteronomas were detected. In these 2 @entity0 , one had 2 @entity4 2.8 X 1.7 X 1.2 cm and 1.0 X 1.0 X 2.0 cm in size, and the other had one @entity4 0.8 X 1.0 X 2.0 cm in size. On adrenal scintiscanning under @entity3 pretreatment (DP), the isotope uptake of aldosteronoma was still seen with the disappearance of the contralateral adrenal in 7 out of 9 cases. In these 7 cases, the laterality of the @entity1 was confirmed. In one of the remaining 2 cases, the bilateral adrenal images were obtained regardless of DP. In the other case, of which aldosteronoma was the smallest (0.6 X 0.6 X 0.8 cm), the image of the affected adrenal with @entity4 as well as the contralateral adrenal disappeared under DP. CT delineated all aldosteronomas in 8 cases examined including 2 cases in which adrenal scintiscanning failed to elucidate the localization of aldosteronoma. These results indicated that the combination of these 3 new image diagnostic methods was available for the detection of aldosteronomas of various sizes.

title: [Image diagnosis of XXXX --I. CT images of control subjects and image diagnosis of @entity5 ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The goal of a @entity1 prevention program is to improve the mortality rates of @entity0 . No risk-reduction strategy is proven to reduce mortality rates of @entity0 at increased risk for @entity2 . Methods of @entity2 surveillance are unproven in high-risk @entity0 . According to some studies, the use of oral contraceptives in high-risk @entity0 reduces @entity2 risk. Prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy is the most effective method of @entity1 risk reduction in @entity0 at high risk for @entity2 . However, @entity0 who undergo prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy remain at risk for primary @entity4 . A minority of @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity3 mutations are diagnosed with @entity1 at the time of surgical prophylaxis. Surgical prophylaxis should include complete @entity5 and ovaries, procurement of peritoneal cytology, and thorough evaluation of the tubes and ovaries by an expert pathologist. Beginning at age 30 years, @entity0 with @entity6 and @entity3 germline mutations should have an annual or semiannual screening, consisting of serum @entity7 measurement and transvaginal ultrasound, until the completion of childbearing. After the completion of childbearing and by age 40 years, @entity0 should undergo prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy.

title: Prophylactic surgery and other strategies for reducing the risk of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A technique was developed to create a reproducible @entity2 in vitro using 5-month-old JW/ @entity3 series male @entity0 . Force attenuation of a newly developed damping material was also evaluated using this model. Ten pairs of the femora with smaller deviations in length and weight were harvested and cleaned of soft tissue. Either a right or left of each pair of the specimens was randomly selected and put into either the control or the experimental group, both of which contained equal numbers of the right and left femora. The specimens were attached to an L-shaped plate and embedded in a resin from the proximal diaphysis to the distal end so as to maintain a consistent position of the femora. They were mounted and fixed on a pedestal slanted in the coronal plane at 20 degrees. The impact load testing was conducted using an impact mallet dropped from a height of 3 cm. The impact load was applied onto the femoral head. To the specimens in the experimental group, attenuated impact forces were loaded through the damping material, but those in the control group were subjected to forces directly transmitted without the material. All the impact testing was performed in a temperature and humidity controlled chamber. All of the femoral specimens exposed to the direct impact forces (controlled group) sustained @entity1 at the neck. The @entity1 line passed from the base of the femoral head laterally and to the calcar area just proximal to the minor trochanter medially. The location of each @entity1 line was almost identical among the specimens. None of the specimens that were exposed to the impact force through the damping material (experimental group) sustained @entity1 macroscopically and roentgenographically.

title: A XXXX model in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: A technique was developed to create a reproducible @entity2 in vitro using 5-month-old JW/ @entity3 series male @entity0 . Force attenuation of a newly developed damping material was also evaluated using this model. Ten pairs of the femora with smaller deviations in length and weight were harvested and cleaned of soft tissue. Either a right or left of each pair of the specimens was randomly selected and put into either the control or the experimental group, both of which contained equal numbers of the right and left femora. The specimens were attached to an L-shaped plate and embedded in a resin from the proximal diaphysis to the distal end so as to maintain a consistent position of the femora. They were mounted and fixed on a pedestal slanted in the coronal plane at 20 degrees. The impact load testing was conducted using an impact mallet dropped from a height of 3 cm. The impact load was applied onto the femoral head. To the specimens in the experimental group, attenuated impact forces were loaded through the damping material, but those in the control group were subjected to forces directly transmitted without the material. All the impact testing was performed in a temperature and humidity controlled chamber. All of the femoral specimens exposed to the direct impact forces (controlled group) sustained @entity1 at the neck. The @entity1 line passed from the base of the femoral head laterally and to the calcar area just proximal to the minor trochanter medially. The location of each @entity1 line was almost identical among the specimens. None of the specimens that were exposed to the impact force through the damping material (experimental group) sustained @entity1 macroscopically and roentgenographically.

title: A @entity2 model in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) have been used to investigate the biological mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis and its progression. However, previous studies have highlighted the difficulty of distinguishing between the @entity2 cells and stroma in experimental models of @entity4 . Therefore the aim of the present study was to establish a red  -green dual  -color fluorescence tracing orthotopic transplantation model of @entity4 , and investigate its practical values. Stable high @entity5 ( @entity5 )  -expressing HepG2 @entity0 @entity4 cells and Hepa1  -6 @entity3 @entity4 cells were injected into the right liver lobe of green fluorescent protein  -expressing @entity3 . The growth and @entity1 of the @entity2 were visualized using a whole  -body in vivo fluorescence imaging system in real time. @entity4 tissues were extracted from @entity2  -bearing @entity3 , and cut into 5  -  m serial frozen slices. The organizational structure of the transplanted @entity2 was observed under a microscope. A dual  -color fluorescence tracing orthotopic transplantation @entity2 model of @entity4 was successfully established with a success rate of 100%. The growth and @entity1 of the @entity2 were visualized at each stage of development in the @entity2  -bearing @entity3 . @entity2 cells with red fluorescence and host cells with green fluorescence were identified to merge in the reconstruction region of @entity2 tissue. The invasion, migration, and cell fusion between @entity2 and host cells was observed clearly. The dual  -color fluorescence tracing orthotopic transplantation model of @entity4 was determined to be a stable and reliable method for tracking @entity2 progression. Mutual interactions between @entity4 cells and host tissues may be observed directly using this model, further elucidating the development of the @entity2 microenvironment.

title: Establishment of a dual-color fluorescence tracing orthotopic transplantation model of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acquired chemoresistance represents a major obstacle in @entity0 treatment, the underlying mechanism of which is complex and not well understood. @entity4 has been reported to be implicated tumorigenesis in a few @entity0 types. However, its role in regulating chemoresistance has not been investigated in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) cells. Microarray analysis was performed in isogenic chemosensitive and chemoresistant HCT116 cell lines to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. miRNA quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect @entity4 expression levels between drug resistant and parental @entity0 cells. @entity4 mimic and inhibitor were transfected, followed by CellTiter-Glo(  ) assay to examine drug sensitivity in these two cell lines. Western Blot and luciferase assay were performed to investigate the direct target of @entity4 . Xenograft @entity2 models were used to examine in vivo function of @entity4 . Our data showed that expression of @entity4 was significantly up-regulated in HCT116-R compared with parental HCT116 cells. Inhibition of @entity4 reversed chemoresistance in HCT116-R cells. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is the direct target of @entity4 which is required for the regulatory role of @entity4 in chemoresistance. @entity4 inhibitor sensitized HCT116-R xenografts to chemo drugs in vivo. Our study demonstrated that @entity4 regulates chemoresistance of @entity1 cells by modulating @entity3 expression level both in vitro and in vivo. @entity4 may represent a new therapeutic target for the intervention of @entity1 .

title: MicroRNA-425-5p regulates chemoresistance in XXXX cells via regulation of @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Acquired chemoresistance represents a major obstacle in @entity0 treatment, the underlying mechanism of which is complex and not well understood. @entity4 has been reported to be implicated tumorigenesis in a few @entity0 types. However, its role in regulating chemoresistance has not been investigated in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) cells. Microarray analysis was performed in isogenic chemosensitive and chemoresistant HCT116 cell lines to identify differentially expressed miRNAs. miRNA quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect @entity4 expression levels between drug resistant and parental @entity0 cells. @entity4 mimic and inhibitor were transfected, followed by CellTiter-Glo(  ) assay to examine drug sensitivity in these two cell lines. Western Blot and luciferase assay were performed to investigate the direct target of @entity4 . Xenograft @entity2 models were used to examine in vivo function of @entity4 . Our data showed that expression of @entity4 was significantly up-regulated in HCT116-R compared with parental HCT116 cells. Inhibition of @entity4 reversed chemoresistance in HCT116-R cells. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is the direct target of @entity4 which is required for the regulatory role of @entity4 in chemoresistance. @entity4 inhibitor sensitized HCT116-R xenografts to chemo drugs in vivo. Our study demonstrated that @entity4 regulates chemoresistance of @entity1 cells by modulating @entity3 expression level both in vitro and in vivo. @entity4 may represent a new therapeutic target for the intervention of @entity1 .

title: MicroRNA-425-5p regulates chemoresistance in @entity1 cells via regulation of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: To determine the impact of @entity4 on the metabolic pathway in alkaliphiles, proteomes were obtained from cultures containing different @entity4 and were resolved on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). The proteomes were compared to determine differentially expressed proteins. A novel alkaliphilic bacterium (alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. N16-5 isolated from Wudunur Soda Lake, China) was isolated in media with five different @entity1 sources ( @entity0 , @entity6 , @entity5 , @entity7 , and @entity8 ). Comparative proteome analysis identified 61 differentially expressed proteins, which were mainly involved in @entity3 metabolism, @entity2 transport, and metabolism, as well as energy production and conversion. The comparison was based on the draft genome sequence of strain N16-5. The abundance of enzymes involved in central metabolism was significantly changed when exposed to various @entity4 . Notably, catabolite control protein A (CcpA) was up-regulated under all @entity1 sources compared with @entity0 . In addition, @entity9 exhibited a stronger effect than hexose in CcpA-mediated @entity1 catabolite repression. These results provided a fundamental understanding of @entity3 metabolism in alkaliphiles.

title: Comparative proteome analysis of alkaliphilic Bacillus sp. N16-5 grown on different XXXX sources.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Telomeres, the non-coding sequences at the ends of chromosomes, in the absence of telomerase, progressively shorten with each cell division. Shortening of telomeres can induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate age- and gender-related changes in telomere length in the @entity0 and to detect possible tissue- specific rates of @entity1 . Changes with age in telomere lengths were assessed by Southern blotting in the kidney, pancreas, liver, lung and brain of male and female @entity0 . We determined the percentage of telomeres in various molecular size regions rather than measuring the average telomere length. The latter was unable to detect @entity1 in the tissues. The percentage of short telomeres increased with age in the kidney, liver, pancreas and lung of both males and females, but not in the brain. Males had shorter telomeres than females in all organs analysed except the brain, where the lengths were similar. These findings indicate that telomeres shorten in the @entity0 kidney, liver, pancreas and the lung in an age-dependent manner. These data also provide a novel mechanism for the gender-related differences in lifespan and suggest a tissue-specific regulation of telomere length during development and ageing in the @entity0 .

title: Ageing and telomeres: a study into organ- and gender-specific XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Age fractionation of erythrocytes is useful for further studies of the pharmacokinetics of @entity2 ( @entity3 ) in red blood cells. We separated erythrocytes from five blood donors and four @entity0 at different time points after @entity3 infusions, using discontinuous Percoll gradients consisting of four solutions with a difference of 3% in density among them. The procedure yielded five distinct fractions of erythrocytes of increasing mean cell age as judged by declining reticulocyte enrichment and erythrocyte @entity1 aminotransferase activity among the five fractions. @entity3 concentrations of the erythrocytes were measured at different times in connection with five 24-h @entity3 infusions (0.7-4 g/m2) on 14 occasions. Two days after completion of @entity3 infusion, no @entity3 was detected in the youngest erythrocyte population in two @entity0 . Seven days after the infusion, the highest @entity3 concentrations were found in the youngest red blood cells. Ten to fourteen days following the @entity3 treatment, considerably lower @entity3 concentrations were found in the young red blood cells, and the @entity3 -containing erythrocytes seemed to have moved down the gradient. Just before the next @entity3 infusion (after 28 days) no @entity3 could be detected in the young erythrocytes. The @entity3 concentrations at that time were highest in the oldest erythrocyte fractions. This study shows more directly that @entity3 is incorporated in the red cell precursors of the bone marrow. The pharmacokinetics demonstrated correspond to a maturation time of the erythroblasts of about 7 days.

title: XXXX pharmacokinetics in age-fractionated erythrocytes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Tumor @entity3 tension and extracellular pH (pH(e)) are physiological parameters that can be manipulated to improve current @entity1 therapies. Many @entity0 @entity1 consist of cells that are chronically exposed to low pH(e). Exposure of @entity1 cells in culture to @entity6 decreases @entity3 consumption ( @entity3 sparing or Crabtree effect), and while this effect is absent in low pH-adapted @entity1 cells, it can be restored by combining the respiratory inhibitor @entity9 ( @entity9 ) with @entity6 (Burd et al., @entity1 Res. 61, 5630-5635, 2001). The effects of @entity8 and MIBG on @entity1 @entity3 tension and on pH(e) were investigated in @entity0 @entity5 xenografts in @entity7 @entity2 . An oral gavage of 1 M @entity6 (2 g/kg) increased the average blood @entity6 concentration from <140 mg/dl to approximately 400 mg/dl. Although @entity1 pH(e) decreased from pH 6.7 to pH 6.5 (P < 0.01) after about 60 min, no change in @entity1 @entity3 tension was observed. However, when oral @entity6 and MIBG (15 mg/kg) were administered together, @entity3 tension increased from 2.8 mmHg to approximately 17 mmHg, and @entity1 pH(e) decreased from pH 6.7 to pH 6.3 (P < 0.01) after about 115 min. In conclusion, administration of @entity6 together with MIBG increases @entity1 @entity3 tension and also increases the magnitude and duration of acidification. @entity8 plus MIBG has the potential to improve response to radiation therapy as well as to @entity4 and some chemotherapies.

title: Tumor oxygenation and acidification are increased in @entity5 xenografts after exposure to XXXX and @entity9 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: Tumor @entity3 tension and extracellular pH (pH(e)) are physiological parameters that can be manipulated to improve current @entity1 therapies. Many @entity0 @entity1 consist of cells that are chronically exposed to low pH(e). Exposure of @entity1 cells in culture to @entity6 decreases @entity3 consumption ( @entity3 sparing or Crabtree effect), and while this effect is absent in low pH-adapted @entity1 cells, it can be restored by combining the respiratory inhibitor @entity9 ( @entity9 ) with @entity6 (Burd et al., @entity1 Res. 61, 5630-5635, 2001). The effects of @entity8 and MIBG on @entity1 @entity3 tension and on pH(e) were investigated in @entity0 @entity5 xenografts in @entity7 @entity2 . An oral gavage of 1 M @entity6 (2 g/kg) increased the average blood @entity6 concentration from <140 mg/dl to approximately 400 mg/dl. Although @entity1 pH(e) decreased from pH 6.7 to pH 6.5 (P < 0.01) after about 60 min, no change in @entity1 @entity3 tension was observed. However, when oral @entity6 and MIBG (15 mg/kg) were administered together, @entity3 tension increased from 2.8 mmHg to approximately 17 mmHg, and @entity1 pH(e) decreased from pH 6.7 to pH 6.3 (P < 0.01) after about 115 min. In conclusion, administration of @entity6 together with MIBG increases @entity1 @entity3 tension and also increases the magnitude and duration of acidification. @entity8 plus MIBG has the potential to improve response to radiation therapy as well as to @entity4 and some chemotherapies.

title: Tumor oxygenation and acidification are increased in XXXX xenografts after exposure to @entity8 and @entity9 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Tumor @entity3 tension and extracellular pH (pH(e)) are physiological parameters that can be manipulated to improve current @entity1 therapies. Many @entity0 @entity1 consist of cells that are chronically exposed to low pH(e). Exposure of @entity1 cells in culture to @entity6 decreases @entity3 consumption ( @entity3 sparing or Crabtree effect), and while this effect is absent in low pH-adapted @entity1 cells, it can be restored by combining the respiratory inhibitor @entity9 ( @entity9 ) with @entity6 (Burd et al., @entity1 Res. 61, 5630-5635, 2001). The effects of @entity8 and MIBG on @entity1 @entity3 tension and on pH(e) were investigated in @entity0 @entity5 xenografts in @entity7 @entity2 . An oral gavage of 1 M @entity6 (2 g/kg) increased the average blood @entity6 concentration from <140 mg/dl to approximately 400 mg/dl. Although @entity1 pH(e) decreased from pH 6.7 to pH 6.5 (P < 0.01) after about 60 min, no change in @entity1 @entity3 tension was observed. However, when oral @entity6 and MIBG (15 mg/kg) were administered together, @entity3 tension increased from 2.8 mmHg to approximately 17 mmHg, and @entity1 pH(e) decreased from pH 6.7 to pH 6.3 (P < 0.01) after about 115 min. In conclusion, administration of @entity6 together with MIBG increases @entity1 @entity3 tension and also increases the magnitude and duration of acidification. @entity8 plus MIBG has the potential to improve response to radiation therapy as well as to @entity4 and some chemotherapies.

title: Tumor oxygenation and acidification are increased in @entity5 xenografts after exposure to @entity8 and XXXX .

answer: @entity9


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Having an inherited predisposition to @entity1 may have a @entity2 , and one goal of genetic counseling is to promote psychological adjustment to the new situation. Thus, in the genetic context, validated measures of adjustment are required. Given that self-concept is a good indicator of adjustment to the disease or to the risk for it, and a relevant variable in oncology, the goal of the study is to culturally adapt and validate the BRCA Self-Concept Scale. MATERIAL AND METHOD: One hundred and sixty-five BRCA carriers' @entity0 answered to the questionnaire, previously adapted through a process of forward/back-translation, and to the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) as a measure of convergent validity. Theoretical structure of BRCA Self-Concept Scale was assessed by expert judges, and submitted to a confirmatory factor analysis ( @entity3 ). Cronbach's a was calculated for each subscale (Stigma, Vulnerability and Control), and correlations with @entity1 were performed. RESULTS: Expert judges' structure and @entity3 do not support the original structure of the questionnaire. The respecificity model (with items 10 and 13 loading on Vulnerability factor) show a better fit: comparative fit index 0.973; Tucker-Lewis index 0.968; root mean square error of approximation 0.067. The Cronbach's a is 0.83 for Stigma, 0.84 for Vulnerability, and 0.61 for Control. Evidence of convergent validity with @entity1 has been obtained (Spearman's rho 0.631 for Stigma, 0.683 for Vulnerability, and -0.363 for Control; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Results support the validity of the modified Spanish BRCA Self-Concept Scale, which is a potentially useful measure for the study of psychological adjustment to high risk for @entity4 .

title: [Cultural scale adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the BRCA Self-Concept Scale in @entity0 carriers at high risk for XXXX ].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Having an inherited predisposition to @entity1 may have a @entity2 , and one goal of genetic counseling is to promote psychological adjustment to the new situation. Thus, in the genetic context, validated measures of adjustment are required. Given that self-concept is a good indicator of adjustment to the disease or to the risk for it, and a relevant variable in oncology, the goal of the study is to culturally adapt and validate the BRCA Self-Concept Scale. MATERIAL AND METHOD: One hundred and sixty-five BRCA carriers' @entity0 answered to the questionnaire, previously adapted through a process of forward/back-translation, and to the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) as a measure of convergent validity. Theoretical structure of BRCA Self-Concept Scale was assessed by expert judges, and submitted to a confirmatory factor analysis ( @entity3 ). Cronbach's a was calculated for each subscale (Stigma, Vulnerability and Control), and correlations with @entity1 were performed. RESULTS: Expert judges' structure and @entity3 do not support the original structure of the questionnaire. The respecificity model (with items 10 and 13 loading on Vulnerability factor) show a better fit: comparative fit index 0.973; Tucker-Lewis index 0.968; root mean square error of approximation 0.067. The Cronbach's a is 0.83 for Stigma, 0.84 for Vulnerability, and 0.61 for Control. Evidence of convergent validity with @entity1 has been obtained (Spearman's rho 0.631 for Stigma, 0.683 for Vulnerability, and -0.363 for Control; P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: Results support the validity of the modified Spanish BRCA Self-Concept Scale, which is a potentially useful measure for the study of psychological adjustment to high risk for @entity4 .

title: [Cultural scale adaptation and validation of the Spanish version of the BRCA Self-Concept Scale in XXXX carriers at high risk for @entity4 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To characterize the appearance of normal and malignant upper urinary tract lesion appearance under narrow-band imaging (NBI) using the new URF-V digital flexible ureteroscope (DFU), and to determine if NBI, when used in conjunction with white light (WL), could improve detection of malignancy. @entity0 AND METHODS: NBI and WL were performed in 27 @entity0 at our university teaching hospital, 14 with known cases of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) as follow-up (group A), and 13 @entity0 with first-suspicion of @entity1 (group B). Full renal collecting system examination was performed first under WL and then under NBI by a single urologist. Biopsies were taken from all detected lesions using the biopsy forceps and sent for examination by a pathologist who was blinded to the gross description of the lesion. Pathology interpretations were then compared with the corresponding WL and NBI images. Holmium laser vaporization was performed for all apparent lesions. RESULTS: Subjectively, NBI significantly improved the endoscopic visualization of the @entity1 , providing a detailed description of their limits and vascular architecture. Objectively, five additional @entity1 (14.2%) in four @entity0 , as well the extended limits of three @entity1 (8.5%) in three @entity0 were detected by NBI when findings by WL imaging were considered normal. CONCLUSION: This is one of the first reports regarding NBI for @entity2 . From this study, we recommend this technology as a valuable diagnostic method, because it considerably improves @entity1 detection rate by 22.7% compared with WL.

title: Narrow-band imaging digital flexible ureteroscopy in detection of XXXX : initial experience.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Retrograde ureteroscopic marsupialization is a pure natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). We retrospectively examined the feasibility and safety of this technique to manage symptomatic simple @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Sixteen @entity0 with simple @entity2 were selected and treated by incising the cyst wall to drain into the collecting system through retrograde ureteroscopy. A retrospective observational study was performed to evaluate the @entity0 's symptomatic and radiologic results after ureteroscopic marsupialization. Symptomatic success based on @entity3 relief was evaluated using a visual analog @entity3 scale preoperatively and postoperatively. Radiologic success was defined as no recurrence of the cyst or a reduction in cyst size by at least half. RESULTS: There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications observed. The mean operative time was 35 minutes (range 20-50 min). The mean hospital stay was 3.4 days (range 2-5 d). Of the 16 @entity0 , one @entity0 was lost at follow-up. The symptoms based on @entity3 had resolved in 13 (83%) cases but remained in 2 cases at a mean follow-up of 24.2 months (range 6-36 mos). The average visual analog @entity3 scale decreased from 6.7 (range 4-9) to 1.1 (range 0-5) at the sixth month. The mean size of all cysts decreased from 6.8 cm (range 4-10 cm) to 1.3 cm (range 0-5 cm). Radiographic success was achieved in 93% (14/15) of @entity0 . Cytology and cyst wall pathology reports revealed no evidence of @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Retrograde ureteroscopic marsupialization is a complete transurethral NOTES marsupialization. With appropriate @entity0 selection, the minimally invasive retrograde ureteroscopic marsupialization is feasible, safe, and effective. It can be preferred to more invasive laparoscopic or open surgical approaches.

title: Pure natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery management of simple XXXX : 2-year follow-up results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is an important factor associated with worse clinical outcome in @entity2 . Early magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings can provide better sensitivity to delineate @entity2 pathophysiology and have diagnostic value associated with causative mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between early MRI finding and the presence of @entity1 in minor @entity2 @entity0 with lesions in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. METHODS: Consecutive MCA minor @entity2 @entity0 who were admitted to our center within 24 hours of symptom onset were included in this study. All @entity0 underwent MRI within 24 hours of admission. We analyzed baseline characteristics, @entity4 patterns, and treatment algorithms. The correlation between early MRI findings and @entity1 , defined as National Institutes of Health @entity2 Scale score increasing more than 2 points during 72 hours after admission, was also determined. RESULTS: Across 211 @entity0 meeting entry criteria between January 2010 and December 2013, internal border-zone (IBZ) @entity4 on early MRI scan were observed in 23 of 65 @entity0 with @entity1 (35.4%) and in 18 of 146 @entity0 without @entity1 (12.3%, P   <   .001). @entity0 with IBZ @entity4 were found to have more @entity3 , less perforating @entity4 , more @entity4 , more @entity4 and more ipsilateral large @entity6 . Logistic regression analysis revealed that IBZ @entity4 was independently associated with @entity1 after adjustment for other factors (odds ratio, 2.50; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-5.74; P   =   .031). CONCLUSIONS: Early MRI patterns of IBZ @entity4 are associated with @entity1 in minor @entity2 @entity0 with @entity5 .

title: Early Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predicts Early Neurological Deterioration in Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Minor XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: A sizeable body of data demonstrates that membrane @entity5 ( @entity5 ) plays a significant role in host defense in a site-specific fashion. On the pulmonary vascular endothelium, @entity5 is necessary for normal leukocyte recruitment during acute @entity1 . On alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), we have shown previously that the presence of normal @entity5 is essential for optimal alveolar macrophage (AM) function. We have also shown that @entity5 is present in the alveolar space as a soluble protein that is likely produced through cleavage of @entity5 (sICAM-1) is abundantly present in the alveolar lining fluid of the normal lung and could be generated by proteolytic cleavage of @entity5 , which is highly expressed on type I AECs. Although a growing body of data suggesting that intravascular sICAM-1 has functional effects, little is known about sICAM-1 in the alveolus. We hypothesized that sICAM-1 in the alveolar space modulates the innate immune response and alters the response to @entity3 . METHODS: Using the surfactant protein C (SPC) promoter, we developed a transgenic @entity0 (SPC-sICAM-1) that constitutively overexpresses sICAM-1 in the distal lung, and compared the responses of wild-type and SPC-sICAM-1 @entity0 following intranasal inoculation with @entity4 . RESULTS: SPC-sICAM-1 @entity0 demonstrated increased mortality and increased systemic dissemination of organisms compared with wild-type @entity0 . We also found that inflammatory responses were significantly increased in SPC-sICAM-1 @entity0 compared with wild-type @entity0 but there were no difference in lung CFU between groups. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that alveolar sICAM-1 modulates @entity2 . Manipulating @entity5 interactions therapeutically may modulate the host response to Gram negative @entity3 .

title: Overexpression of sICAM-1 in the alveolar epithelial space results in an exaggerated inflammatory response and early death in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To quantify the magnitude and pattern of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) @entity1 and nonhigh-density lipoprotein (HDL) @entity1 levels in @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) versus control @entity0 . DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis of lipid levels in published cross-sectional studies worldwide where @entity5 @entity0 and controls were examined and sampled. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Differences in plasma lipids (including @entity3 , HDL- @entity1 , LDL- @entity1 , and nonHDL- @entity1 ) in @entity5 versus control subjects were calculated. Comparisons were made with and without body mass index (BMI) matching. RESULT(S): @entity2 levels were 26 mg/dL (95% confidence interval [CI] 17-35) higher and HDL- @entity1 concentrations 6 mg/dL (95% CI 4-9) lower in @entity0 with @entity5 . Also, LDL- @entity1 and nonHDL- @entity1 concentrations were higher in @entity5 : by 12 mg/dL (95% CI 10-16) and 19 mg/dL (95% CI 16-22), respectively. With BMI matching, LDL- @entity1 and nonHDL- @entity1 were still higher in @entity5 : by 9 mg/dL (95% CI 6-12) and 16 mg/dL (95% CI 14-19), respectively. LDL- @entity1 and nonHDL- @entity1 differences were greater with National Institutes of Health criteria [15 mg/dL (95% CI 13-17) and 21 mg/dL (95% CI 16-25), respectively] versus Rotterdam criteria [8 mg/dL (95% CI 5-12) and 17 (95% CI 13-22), respectively]. CONCLUSION(S): @entity4 is common in @entity5 . Beyond known alterations in @entity3 and HDL- @entity1 , @entity0 with @entity5 have higher LDL- @entity1 and nonHDL- @entity1 , regardless of BMI. We recommend that all @entity0 with @entity5 be screened for @entity4 , including LDL- @entity1 and nonHDL- @entity1 determinations, for effective cardiovascular risk prevention.

title: Lipid levels in XXXX : systematic review and meta-analysis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: With rapid increases in gambling opportunities over the past decade, gambling has emerged as an important social and public health concern. The pending revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity0 (DSM) has prompted a flurry of empirical research evaluating the extant diagnostic classification scheme; however few studies have evaluated the @entity2 . This paper utilized latent class analysis (LCA) to empirically derive and validate a typology of gamblers. LCA was applied to the 10 DSM-IV @entity2 utilizing data from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on @entity1 and Related Conditions (n=11,104). LCA identified three latent classes which largely differed according to severity. The majority of respondents were assigned to the no gambling problems class (93.3%). Gamblers in the moderate gambling problems class (6.1%) primarily endorsed the preoccupation, tolerance, and chasing criteria. The pervasive gambling problems class (0.6%) endorsed the majority of the criteria. A number of significant differences between the classes emerged as a function of demographic, @entity0 and substance use disorders. The findings offer a heuristic and clinically useful typology of gamblers. Support for a continuum of gambling-related problems reiterate the need for assessment, prevention, and treatment strategies that reflect this more nuanced understanding of gambling.

title: A latent class analysis of DSM-IV criteria for XXXX : Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on @entity1 and Related Conditions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: With rapid increases in gambling opportunities over the past decade, gambling has emerged as an important social and public health concern. The pending revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of @entity0 (DSM) has prompted a flurry of empirical research evaluating the extant diagnostic classification scheme; however few studies have evaluated the @entity2 . This paper utilized latent class analysis (LCA) to empirically derive and validate a typology of gamblers. LCA was applied to the 10 DSM-IV @entity2 utilizing data from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on @entity1 and Related Conditions (n=11,104). LCA identified three latent classes which largely differed according to severity. The majority of respondents were assigned to the no gambling problems class (93.3%). Gamblers in the moderate gambling problems class (6.1%) primarily endorsed the preoccupation, tolerance, and chasing criteria. The pervasive gambling problems class (0.6%) endorsed the majority of the criteria. A number of significant differences between the classes emerged as a function of demographic, @entity0 and substance use disorders. The findings offer a heuristic and clinically useful typology of gamblers. Support for a continuum of gambling-related problems reiterate the need for assessment, prevention, and treatment strategies that reflect this more nuanced understanding of gambling.

title: A latent class analysis of DSM-IV criteria for @entity2 : Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on XXXX and Related Conditions.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Hyperintensity along the ipsilateral cortical spinal tract (CST) on a diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) has been reported to may be associated with @entity3 after @entity5 and can be misdiagnosed as a new @entity4 . However, the underlying patho-physiology related to this finding is not clear. The goal of our study was to analyze the diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) changes in @entity0 with this hyperintensity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight @entity0 (50    10 years) who exhibited hyperintensity on DWI along ipsilateral CST from 3 to 21 days after @entity1 onset were reviewed as positive group, including 5 @entity0 with serial DTI examinations. Twelve @entity0 without hyperintensity during the matched examination time were classified as reference group. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), fractional anisotropy (FA), and eigenvalues and their ratios (ipsilateral/contralateral value) in cerebral peduncle were measured, their correlation with motor function scale at eight months after @entity1 onset were evaluated. RESULTS: The serial examinations showed that hyperintensity could eventually disappear. Both the ipsilateral ADC and FA values were significantly decreased (p<0.05) compared to the contralateral side. The ipsilateral FA significantly correlated with motor function scale in both groups (r = 0.875, 0.738; p = 0.004, 0.006 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The hyperintensity on DWI is a transient pathological process of @entity6 after @entity2 , its diffusion characteristics include concurrent significant decrease of ipsilateral ADC and FA. The ipsilateral FA value has the potential to predict neurological motor function outcome in such @entity0 .

title: Hyperintensity on diffusion weighted image along ipsilateral cortical spinal tract after cerebral XXXX : a diffusion tensor analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Our therapeutic management to @entity0 was analyzed retrospectively. Among 17 cases with @entity0 , 14 (82%) were operated. Operative indications were due to obstruction (7), perforation (2), @entity3 (2), @entity6 (2) and intractability (1). Postoperative recurrence was developed in 8 out of 14 (57%) and 4 were reoperated. Most of recurrent lesions were around the previous @entity2 . Operation per se does not cure the @entity0 but operation should be indicated when complicated obstruction, @entity3 and perforation. Nutritional treatment has been also performed 8 times. @entity0 activity index (CDAI) was decreased in all but one. In individual item of CDAI, frequency of bowel movement, @entity4 and general status were improved but items such as @entity1 , @entity3 and fever were not improved. CDAI values were turned to remission value in all of cases with complicated stenotic lesions, but it remained in active stage in all cases with complicated @entity3 , obstruction and @entity5 . Nutritional treatment seemed less effective in cases complicated @entity3 , obstruction and @entity5 .

title: [Management of XXXX ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of age on ultraviolet radiation-B (UVR-B)-induced @entity1 and to detect the maximum acceptable dose in @entity0 of different age groups. METHODS: Four age groups of 20 @entity0 each, aged 3, 6, 10, and 18 weeks, were included. Each age group was divided into five UVR-B dose subgroups. The @entity0 were unilaterally exposed to UVR- @entity2 (max) = 302.6 nm, lambda(0.5) = 4.5 nm). The incident dose on the cornea varied between 0 and 8 kJ/m(2). One week after exposure, the @entity0 were killed, both lenses were extracted, the intensity of forward light-scattering was measured, and photographs were taken. The sensitivity of the lens to UVR-B was estimated as the maximum acceptable dose. RESULTS: The maximum acceptable dose for 3-, 6-, 10-, and 18-week-old @entity0 was estimated to be 1.4, 2.7, 4.3 and 5.2 kJ/m(2), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Young @entity0 were more sensitive to UVR-B than old ones. Age should be considered when estimating the risk for UVR-B-induced @entity1 .

title: Ultraviolet radiation-induced XXXX : age and maximum acceptable dose.

answer: @entity1


abstract: An interrupted noise exposure of sufficient intensity, presented on a daily repeating cycle, produces a @entity2 ( @entity2 ) following the first day of exposure. TSs measured on subsequent days of the exposure sequence have been shown to decrease relative to the initial @entity2 . This reduction of @entity2 , despite the continuing daily exposure regime, has been called a cochlear toughening effect and the exposures referred to as toughening exposures. Four groups of chinchillas were exposed to one of four different noises presented on an interrupted (6 h/day for 20 days) or noninterrupted (24 h/day for 5 days) schedule. The exposures had equivalent total energy, an overall level of 100 dB(A) @entity3 , and approximately the same flat, broadband long-term spectrum. The noises differed primarily in their temporal structures; two were Gaussian and two were non-Gausssian, nonstationary. Brainstem auditory evoked potentials were used to estimate hearing thresholds and surface preparation histology was used to determine sensory cell loss. The experimental results presented here show that: (1) Exposures to interrupted high-level, non-Gaussian signals produce a toughening effect comparable to that produced by an equivalent interrupted Gaussian noise. (2) Toughening, whether produced by Gaussian or non-Gaussian noise, results in reduced @entity0 compared to the equivalent uninterrupted noise, and (3) that both continuous and interrupted non-Gaussian exposures produce more @entity0 than do energy and spectrally equivalent Gaussian noises. Over the course of the 20-day exposure, the pattern of @entity2 following each day's exposure could exhibit a variety of configurations. These results do not support the equal energy hypothesis as a unifying principal for estimating the potential of a noise exposure to produce @entity1 .

title: Cochlear toughening, protection, and potentiation of noise-induced XXXX by non-Gaussian noise.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A series of 49 cases with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and a series of 17 cases with @entity9 ( @entity9 ) without @entity2 , both observed between 1973 and 1983, have been compared. @entity7 has been found in 100% of @entity9 and 28.5% of @entity2 , visual acuity loss in 52% of @entity9 and 6% of @entity2 , obnubilation in 0% of @entity9 and 65% of @entity2 . Cerebrospinal fluid, EEG, cerebral angiography and Scanner were normal in all cases of @entity9 , while in @entity2 the same investigations were abnormal in respectively 90%, 100%, 100% and 54% of cases. Prognosis was excellent in @entity9 with only one residual mild @entity4 . Recurrences occurred in 18% of @entity9 . Among @entity2 18% died, 23% developed @entity1 , 59% totally recovered. There was no recurrence. On the basis of this comparative study we emphasize the following points: 6% of @entity2 only follow a course of @entity9 from end to end, according to Johnston and Paterson's diagnostic criteria of @entity9 . These cases concern only @entity6 of lateral sinuses. Other cases of @entity2 rather deal with @entity0 admitted in neurosurgical units on emergency. Diagnosis of @entity2 is a difficult one and prognosis is still serious in spite of the use of Heparin. 85% of @entity9 are irrelevant to @entity2 . @entity9 is a "quiet" intracranial @entity3 without trouble of vigilance. Prognosis is really good if diagnosis is early made, in spite of possible multiple recurrences. Treatment consists of CSF subtraction, preferably through external lumbar drainage, and @entity8 prescription. @entity5 and hormonal imbalance in @entity0 are two common etiologies of @entity9 and @entity2 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Benign intracranial XXXX (17 cases) and cerebral venous thromboses (49 cases). Comparative study].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The results of fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology in 19 cases of @entity5 are presented. Adequate material for a diagnosis of @entity1 was obtained in 17 cases, and in 8 cases a specific diagnosis of @entity4 could be made. In four other cases, the findings were either consistent with or suggestive of @entity4 ; in four, accurate distinction from other @entity1 was not possible, and in two cases, @entity2 was suggested. The spectrum of cytologic findings ranged from @entity1 of purely epithelial appearance through more pleomorphic biphasic @entity1 . A combination of epithelial-like cell clusters, pavement-like sheets of epithelial cells with well-defined cell borders and prominent cell separation, dispersed angular cells with dense cytoplasm and some spindle-cell forms was the most specific cytologic pattern for @entity4 . In four @entity1 , ultrastructural examination of aspirated material provided the additional evidence for a definitive diagnosis. The identification of hyaluronic acid within intracytoplasmic vacuoles, either in smears or in cell blocks, confirmed the diagnosis in three @entity1 . Only in one case, with a strong clinical background suggesting @entity4 , was the cytologic preparation sufficient for diagnosis without ancillary diagnostic methods. FNA is of particular value in the diagnosis of @entity4 in @entity0 who do not present with a @entity3 . Obtaining material for cell block preparations, cytochemistry or ultrastructural study is generally necessary for definitive @entity1 typing.

title: Fine needle aspiration cytology of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: This prosthesis was developed in the Department of Rehabilitation, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India to deal with the problems of badly formed or difficult above-knee @entity0 . @entity2 @entity0 are still a challenge for the rehabilitation team due to the difficulty in fitting the prosthesis which is the first stage in the total rehabilitation of the amputee. It is the author's observation that those cases with @entity2 above-knee @entity0 who are fitted with a prosthesis with some type of socket keep attending the prosthetic section complaining of @entity1 . The @entity1 in most of these cases is due to local contact of the stump surface with the socket. None of the prostheses already available can deal with this problem effectively. The hanging stump prosthesis without socket has been developed on the principle of no socket, no contact, no @entity1 . This prosthesis has no socket but a metallic ring consisting of a well padded, well moulded ischial seat. This metallic ring is attached to the hollowed out wooden thigh piece by medial and lateral vertical bars. The outer side of the metallic ring is attached to the pelvic belt through the hip joint. The rest of the prosthesis is similar to the standard above-knee prosthesis.

title: Hanging stump prosthesis without socket for @entity2 above-knee XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: This prosthesis was developed in the Department of Rehabilitation, Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India to deal with the problems of badly formed or difficult above-knee @entity0 . @entity2 @entity0 are still a challenge for the rehabilitation team due to the difficulty in fitting the prosthesis which is the first stage in the total rehabilitation of the amputee. It is the author's observation that those cases with @entity2 above-knee @entity0 who are fitted with a prosthesis with some type of socket keep attending the prosthetic section complaining of @entity1 . The @entity1 in most of these cases is due to local contact of the stump surface with the socket. None of the prostheses already available can deal with this problem effectively. The hanging stump prosthesis without socket has been developed on the principle of no socket, no contact, no @entity1 . This prosthesis has no socket but a metallic ring consisting of a well padded, well moulded ischial seat. This metallic ring is attached to the hollowed out wooden thigh piece by medial and lateral vertical bars. The outer side of the metallic ring is attached to the pelvic belt through the hip joint. The rest of the prosthesis is similar to the standard above-knee prosthesis.

title: Hanging stump prosthesis without socket for XXXX above-knee @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study evaluated the benefits of ZOL versus placebo on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among @entity0 from HORIZON-RFT. At month 24 and end of the study visit, ZOL significantly improved @entity0 ' overall health state compared to placebo as assessed by the EQ-5D VAS. INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the benefits of @entity3 (ZOL) versus placebo on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among @entity0 from The Health Outcomes and Reduced Incidence With @entity3 Once Yearly Recurrent @entity2 Trial (HORIZON-RFT). METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 2,127 @entity0 were randomized to receive annual infusion of ZOL 5 mg (n = 1,065) or placebo (n = 1,062) within 90 days after surgical repair of @entity1 . HRQoL was measured using EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and utility scores (EuroQol instrument) at months 6, 12, 24, 36, and end of the study visit. Analysis of covariance model included baseline EQ-5D value, region, and treatment as explanatory variables. RESULTS: At baseline, @entity0 (mean age 75 years; 24% @entity0 and 76% @entity0 ) were well matched between treatment groups with mean EQ-5D VAS of 65.82 in ZOL and 65.70 in placebo group. At the end of the study, mean change from baseline in EQ-5D VAS was greater for ZOL vs. placebo in all @entity0 (7.67    0.56 vs. 5.42    0.56), and in subgroups of @entity0 experiencing clinical @entity2 (8.86    4.91 vs. -1.69    3.42), @entity2 (5.03    2.48 vs. -1.07    2.16), and clinical @entity2 (5.19    2.25 vs. -0.72    1.82) with treatment difference significantly in favor of ZOL. EQ-5D utility scores were comparable for ZOL and placebo groups, but more @entity0 on placebo consistently had extreme difficulty in mobility (1.74% for ZOL vs. 2.13% for placebo; p = 0.6238), self-care (4.92% vs. 6.69%; p = 0.1013), and usual activities (10.28% vs. 12.91%; p = 0.0775). CONCLUSION: ZOL significantly improves HRQoL in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: XXXX results in better health-related quality of life following hip @entity2 : the HORIZON-Recurrent @entity2 Trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This study evaluated the benefits of ZOL versus placebo on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among @entity0 from HORIZON-RFT. At month 24 and end of the study visit, ZOL significantly improved @entity0 ' overall health state compared to placebo as assessed by the EQ-5D VAS. INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the benefits of @entity3 (ZOL) versus placebo on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among @entity0 from The Health Outcomes and Reduced Incidence With @entity3 Once Yearly Recurrent @entity2 Trial (HORIZON-RFT). METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 2,127 @entity0 were randomized to receive annual infusion of ZOL 5 mg (n = 1,065) or placebo (n = 1,062) within 90 days after surgical repair of @entity1 . HRQoL was measured using EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and utility scores (EuroQol instrument) at months 6, 12, 24, 36, and end of the study visit. Analysis of covariance model included baseline EQ-5D value, region, and treatment as explanatory variables. RESULTS: At baseline, @entity0 (mean age 75 years; 24% @entity0 and 76% @entity0 ) were well matched between treatment groups with mean EQ-5D VAS of 65.82 in ZOL and 65.70 in placebo group. At the end of the study, mean change from baseline in EQ-5D VAS was greater for ZOL vs. placebo in all @entity0 (7.67    0.56 vs. 5.42    0.56), and in subgroups of @entity0 experiencing clinical @entity2 (8.86    4.91 vs. -1.69    3.42), @entity2 (5.03    2.48 vs. -1.07    2.16), and clinical @entity2 (5.19    2.25 vs. -0.72    1.82) with treatment difference significantly in favor of ZOL. EQ-5D utility scores were comparable for ZOL and placebo groups, but more @entity0 on placebo consistently had extreme difficulty in mobility (1.74% for ZOL vs. 2.13% for placebo; p = 0.6238), self-care (4.92% vs. 6.69%; p = 0.1013), and usual activities (10.28% vs. 12.91%; p = 0.0775). CONCLUSION: ZOL significantly improves HRQoL in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: @entity3 results in better health-related quality of life following hip XXXX : the HORIZON-Recurrent @entity2 Trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study evaluated the benefits of ZOL versus placebo on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among @entity0 from HORIZON-RFT. At month 24 and end of the study visit, ZOL significantly improved @entity0 ' overall health state compared to placebo as assessed by the EQ-5D VAS. INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the benefits of @entity3 (ZOL) versus placebo on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among @entity0 from The Health Outcomes and Reduced Incidence With @entity3 Once Yearly Recurrent @entity2 Trial (HORIZON-RFT). METHODS: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 2,127 @entity0 were randomized to receive annual infusion of ZOL 5 mg (n = 1,065) or placebo (n = 1,062) within 90 days after surgical repair of @entity1 . HRQoL was measured using EQ-5D Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and utility scores (EuroQol instrument) at months 6, 12, 24, 36, and end of the study visit. Analysis of covariance model included baseline EQ-5D value, region, and treatment as explanatory variables. RESULTS: At baseline, @entity0 (mean age 75 years; 24% @entity0 and 76% @entity0 ) were well matched between treatment groups with mean EQ-5D VAS of 65.82 in ZOL and 65.70 in placebo group. At the end of the study, mean change from baseline in EQ-5D VAS was greater for ZOL vs. placebo in all @entity0 (7.67    0.56 vs. 5.42    0.56), and in subgroups of @entity0 experiencing clinical @entity2 (8.86    4.91 vs. -1.69    3.42), @entity2 (5.03    2.48 vs. -1.07    2.16), and clinical @entity2 (5.19    2.25 vs. -0.72    1.82) with treatment difference significantly in favor of ZOL. EQ-5D utility scores were comparable for ZOL and placebo groups, but more @entity0 on placebo consistently had extreme difficulty in mobility (1.74% for ZOL vs. 2.13% for placebo; p = 0.6238), self-care (4.92% vs. 6.69%; p = 0.1013), and usual activities (10.28% vs. 12.91%; p = 0.0775). CONCLUSION: ZOL significantly improves HRQoL in @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: @entity3 results in better health-related quality of life following hip @entity2 : the HORIZON-Recurrent XXXX Trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the present study, the adhesibility of @entity2 trophozoites and cysts to hydrogel contact lenses and to @entity0 @entity1 was investigated. Segments of unworn contact lenses were prepared (120 segments in total). In addition, 8 corneal buttons were obtained from 8 enucleated eyes. And each @entity1 cut into 8 radial segments. To these lens and corneal segments, 1.2 x 106/ml and 1.3 x 106/ml of cysts and trophozoites respectively were added under varying conditions. The adhesion was checked at 0, 3 and 24 hours after the exposure. Adhesion analysis showed that the trophozoites adhered equally well to lens or @entity1 . There is an increase in the number of trophozoites adhering to contact lenses as well as @entity1 . This difference is more significant for contact lenses. Washing of contact lenses significantly decreased the adherence of the trophozoites after 3 hours of incubation. When the comparison of adhesion was done between the unwashed worn and unwashed unworn contact lenses, it was observed that there was a significant difference in adherence to new lenses where the adherence was much lower. The study shows that washing of contact lenses does decrease the chances of colonization by Acantamoeba catellani and also that older lenses have higher chances of getting colonized probably due to the occurrence of scratches et. on the surface which may help in colonization.

title: XXXX adherence to soft contact lens and @entity0 corneal stroma.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the present study, the adhesibility of @entity2 trophozoites and cysts to hydrogel contact lenses and to @entity0 @entity1 was investigated. Segments of unworn contact lenses were prepared (120 segments in total). In addition, 8 corneal buttons were obtained from 8 enucleated eyes. And each @entity1 cut into 8 radial segments. To these lens and corneal segments, 1.2 x 106/ml and 1.3 x 106/ml of cysts and trophozoites respectively were added under varying conditions. The adhesion was checked at 0, 3 and 24 hours after the exposure. Adhesion analysis showed that the trophozoites adhered equally well to lens or @entity1 . There is an increase in the number of trophozoites adhering to contact lenses as well as @entity1 . This difference is more significant for contact lenses. Washing of contact lenses significantly decreased the adherence of the trophozoites after 3 hours of incubation. When the comparison of adhesion was done between the unwashed worn and unwashed unworn contact lenses, it was observed that there was a significant difference in adherence to new lenses where the adherence was much lower. The study shows that washing of contact lenses does decrease the chances of colonization by Acantamoeba catellani and also that older lenses have higher chances of getting colonized probably due to the occurrence of scratches et. on the surface which may help in colonization.

title: @entity2 adherence to soft contact lens and XXXX corneal stroma.

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Surgical resection is the only option for long-term survival in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), but it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to prospectively assess the perioperative management and short-term outcomes of surgical treatment of @entity2 in a recent, multi-institutional study with a short inclusion period. METHODS: Between January and December 2008, a register prospectively collected data on @entity0 operated on for @entity2 (exploratory or curative surgery) in eight tertiary centers. The register focused on perioperative management, resectability, surgical procedures employed, morbidity, and mortality. The study cohort consisted of 56 @entity0 (40 @entity0 and 16 @entity0 ) with a median age of 63 years (range, 33-83 years). RESULTS: Among the 56 @entity0 , 47 (84%) were @entity1 were classified as Bismuth-Corlette type III-IV. Nine @entity0 (16%) underwent staging laparoscopy and four (7%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Preoperative biliary drainage (endoscopy, 42%) was performed in 38 (81%) @entity4 @entity0 and @entity3 (right side, 83%) was performed prior to surgery in 18 @entity0 (32%). Among these 56 @entity0 , curative resection was achieved in 39 (70%). All underwent major liver resection (>3 segments), bile duct resection, and lymphadenectomy. Thirteen @entity0 (36%) underwent portal vein resection, one of whom also required pancreaticoduodenectomy. Eighty-two percent of resected @entity0 (n = 32) had no proof of @entity1 prior to hepatectomy. Clear surgical margins were obtained in 77% (n = 30). The postoperative mortality was 8% and complications occurred in 72% of the resected @entity0 . Seven (25%) @entity0 required reoperation, and 15 (54%) @entity0 required percutaneous drainage. In a univariate analysis, the risk factors for morbidity were intraoperative blood transfusion (p = 0.009) and vascular clamping (p = 0.006). The median length of hospitalization was 20    13 days. CONCLUSION: Curative resection for @entity2 is associated with a high rate of R0 resection. However, surgery is associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality, despite intensive perioperative management.

title: Surgery for @entity2 : a multi-institutional update on practice and outcome by the AFC- XXXX study group.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Surgical resection is the only option for long-term survival in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), but it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The aim of the present study was to prospectively assess the perioperative management and short-term outcomes of surgical treatment of @entity2 in a recent, multi-institutional study with a short inclusion period. METHODS: Between January and December 2008, a register prospectively collected data on @entity0 operated on for @entity2 (exploratory or curative surgery) in eight tertiary centers. The register focused on perioperative management, resectability, surgical procedures employed, morbidity, and mortality. The study cohort consisted of 56 @entity0 (40 @entity0 and 16 @entity0 ) with a median age of 63 years (range, 33-83 years). RESULTS: Among the 56 @entity0 , 47 (84%) were @entity1 were classified as Bismuth-Corlette type III-IV. Nine @entity0 (16%) underwent staging laparoscopy and four (7%) received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Preoperative biliary drainage (endoscopy, 42%) was performed in 38 (81%) @entity4 @entity0 and @entity3 (right side, 83%) was performed prior to surgery in 18 @entity0 (32%). Among these 56 @entity0 , curative resection was achieved in 39 (70%). All underwent major liver resection (>3 segments), bile duct resection, and lymphadenectomy. Thirteen @entity0 (36%) underwent portal vein resection, one of whom also required pancreaticoduodenectomy. Eighty-two percent of resected @entity0 (n = 32) had no proof of @entity1 prior to hepatectomy. Clear surgical margins were obtained in 77% (n = 30). The postoperative mortality was 8% and complications occurred in 72% of the resected @entity0 . Seven (25%) @entity0 required reoperation, and 15 (54%) @entity0 required percutaneous drainage. In a univariate analysis, the risk factors for morbidity were intraoperative blood transfusion (p = 0.009) and vascular clamping (p = 0.006). The median length of hospitalization was 20    13 days. CONCLUSION: Curative resection for @entity2 is associated with a high rate of R0 resection. However, surgery is associated with high levels of morbidity and mortality, despite intensive perioperative management.

title: Surgery for XXXX : a multi-institutional update on practice and outcome by the AFC- @entity2 study group.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Morbus Morbihan is a rare complication of @entity4 , consisting of a persistent lymphoedema of the upper part of the face. It has typically a chronic course, unspecific histopathological findings and an extreme refractoriness to therapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: Between February 2008 and January 2010, 5 @entity0 with Morbus Morbihan were observed at the Department of Ophthalmology of the University Medical Centre Mainz. In the present cohort study, we describe the clinical, laboratory and histological findings that led to the diagnosis. The course of the affection and the results of different therapeutic options are also reported. RESULTS: Each @entity0 underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, as well as general and dermatological consultations. All @entity0 showed facial skin alterations typical for @entity4 . 4 out of 5 subjects underwent a lid biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of Morbus Morbihan, one @entity0 refused it. Initial treatment consisted of various systemic and local medical therapies, however, with poor success. One @entity0 had intravenous therapy with @entity2 elsewhere with no effect. We treated 3 cases with intralesional @entity3 injections with good results. 2 @entity0 underwent upper lid blepharoplasty. Results of surgery remained stable also due to manual lymph drainage and intralesional injections of triamcinolon. No complications or side effects were seen in @entity0 treated with @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Morbus Morbihan can be diagnosed only after excluding other conditions leading to chronic lid swelling. In our series, good results were achieved with intralesional injection of @entity3 . Surgery also led to relevant improvements for a long period (13 months), with some adjuvant therapy. The treatment of chronic eyelid @entity1 associated with @entity4 remains a challenge for the ophthalmologist and the oculoplastic surgeon.

title: [ @entity1 and XXXX (Morbus Morbihan): diagnostic and therapeutic challenges].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Morbus Morbihan is a rare complication of @entity4 , consisting of a persistent lymphoedema of the upper part of the face. It has typically a chronic course, unspecific histopathological findings and an extreme refractoriness to therapy. @entity0 AND METHODS: Between February 2008 and January 2010, 5 @entity0 with Morbus Morbihan were observed at the Department of Ophthalmology of the University Medical Centre Mainz. In the present cohort study, we describe the clinical, laboratory and histological findings that led to the diagnosis. The course of the affection and the results of different therapeutic options are also reported. RESULTS: Each @entity0 underwent a complete ophthalmological examination, as well as general and dermatological consultations. All @entity0 showed facial skin alterations typical for @entity4 . 4 out of 5 subjects underwent a lid biopsy to confirm the diagnosis of Morbus Morbihan, one @entity0 refused it. Initial treatment consisted of various systemic and local medical therapies, however, with poor success. One @entity0 had intravenous therapy with @entity2 elsewhere with no effect. We treated 3 cases with intralesional @entity3 injections with good results. 2 @entity0 underwent upper lid blepharoplasty. Results of surgery remained stable also due to manual lymph drainage and intralesional injections of triamcinolon. No complications or side effects were seen in @entity0 treated with @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Morbus Morbihan can be diagnosed only after excluding other conditions leading to chronic lid swelling. In our series, good results were achieved with intralesional injection of @entity3 . Surgery also led to relevant improvements for a long period (13 months), with some adjuvant therapy. The treatment of chronic eyelid @entity1 associated with @entity4 remains a challenge for the ophthalmologist and the oculoplastic surgeon.

title: [ XXXX and @entity4 (Morbus Morbihan): diagnostic and therapeutic challenges].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Antithyroid drugs are effective in restoring euthyroidism in @entity3 , but many @entity0 experience relapse after withdrawal. Prevention of recurrence would therefore be a desirable goal. In a prospective study, @entity0 with successful outcome of 12 to 15 months antithyroid drug therapy were stratified for risk factors and randomly assigned to receive @entity2 in a variable thyrotropin (TSH)-suppressive dose for 2 years or no treatment. The @entity2 group was randomized to continue or discontinue @entity2 after 1 year. End points included relapse of @entity1 . Of 346 @entity0 with @entity3 enrolled 225 were euthyroid 4 weeks after antithyroid drug withdrawal and were randomly assigned to receive @entity2 (114 @entity0 ) or no treatment (controls, 111 @entity0 ). Of those not randomized, 39 @entity0 showed early relapse within 4 weeks, 61 endogenous TSH suppression, 7 TSH elevation, and 14 had to be excluded. Dropout rate during the study were 13.3%. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed relapse rates to be similar in the @entity2 group (20% after 1 year, 32% after 2 years) and the randomized controls (18%, 24%), whereas relapses were significantly more frequent in the follow-up group of @entity0 with endogenously suppressed TSH (33%, 49%). @entity2 therapy did not influence TSH-receptor antibody, nor did it reduce @entity4 size. The best prognostic marker available was basal TSH determined 4 weeks after withdrawal of antithyroid drugs (posttreatment TSH). The study demonstrates that @entity2 does not prevent relapse of @entity1 after successful restoration of euthyroid function by antithyroid drugs and characterizes posttreatment TSH as a main prognostic marker.

title: Relapse of XXXX after successful outcome of antithyroid drug therapy: results of a prospective randomized study on the use of @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Antithyroid drugs are effective in restoring euthyroidism in @entity3 , but many @entity0 experience relapse after withdrawal. Prevention of recurrence would therefore be a desirable goal. In a prospective study, @entity0 with successful outcome of 12 to 15 months antithyroid drug therapy were stratified for risk factors and randomly assigned to receive @entity2 in a variable thyrotropin (TSH)-suppressive dose for 2 years or no treatment. The @entity2 group was randomized to continue or discontinue @entity2 after 1 year. End points included relapse of @entity1 . Of 346 @entity0 with @entity3 enrolled 225 were euthyroid 4 weeks after antithyroid drug withdrawal and were randomly assigned to receive @entity2 (114 @entity0 ) or no treatment (controls, 111 @entity0 ). Of those not randomized, 39 @entity0 showed early relapse within 4 weeks, 61 endogenous TSH suppression, 7 TSH elevation, and 14 had to be excluded. Dropout rate during the study were 13.3%. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed relapse rates to be similar in the @entity2 group (20% after 1 year, 32% after 2 years) and the randomized controls (18%, 24%), whereas relapses were significantly more frequent in the follow-up group of @entity0 with endogenously suppressed TSH (33%, 49%). @entity2 therapy did not influence TSH-receptor antibody, nor did it reduce @entity4 size. The best prognostic marker available was basal TSH determined 4 weeks after withdrawal of antithyroid drugs (posttreatment TSH). The study demonstrates that @entity2 does not prevent relapse of @entity1 after successful restoration of euthyroid function by antithyroid drugs and characterizes posttreatment TSH as a main prognostic marker.

title: Relapse of @entity3 after successful outcome of antithyroid drug therapy: results of a prospective randomized study on the use of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Concern about @entity0 -related adverse effects has led to progressive reductions in the @entity0 dose in combination oral contraceptives (COCs). However, reducing the amount of @entity0 to improve safety could result in decreased contraceptive effectiveness and unacceptable changes in @entity1 patterns. OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that COCs containing  <= 20  g @entity4 (EE) perform similarly as those containing > 20  g in terms of contraceptive effectiveness, @entity1 patterns, discontinuation, and side effects. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, POPLINE, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ICTRP, and examined references of eligible trials. Initially, we wrote to oral contraceptive manufacturers to identify trials. SELECTION CRITERIA: English-language reports of randomized controlled trials were eligible that compare a COC containing  <= 20  g EE with a COC containing > 20  g EE. We excluded studies where the interventions were designed to be administered for less than three consecutive cycles or to be used primarily as treatment for non-contraceptive conditions. Trials had to report on contraceptive effectiveness, @entity1 patterns, trial discontinuation due to @entity1 -related reasons or other side effects, or side effects to be included in the review. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: One author evaluated all titles and abstracts from literature searches to determine whether they met the inclusion criteria. Two authors independently extracted data from studies identified for inclusion. We wrote to the researchers when additional information was needed. Data were entered and analyzed with RevMan. MAIN RESULTS: No differences were found in contraceptive effectiveness for the 13 COC pairs for which this outcome was reported. Compared to the higher- @entity0 pills, several COCs containing 20  g EE resulted in higher rates of early trial discontinuation (overall and due to adverse events such as @entity1 ) as well as increased risk of @entity1 disturbances (both @entity5 or infrequent @entity1 and irregular, prolonged, frequent @entity1 , or @entity2 or spotting). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: While COCs containing 20  g EE may be theoretically safer, this review did not focus on the rare events required to assess this hypothesis. Data from existing randomized controlled trials are inadequate to detect possible differences in contraceptive effectiveness. Low-dose @entity0 COCs resulted in higher rates of @entity1 pattern disruptions. However, most trials compared COCs containing different progestin types, and changes in @entity1 patterns could be related to @entity3 type as well as @entity0 dose. Higher follow-up rates are essential for meaningful interpretation of results.

title: 20   g versus >20   g XXXX combined oral contraceptives for contraception.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several viruses can cause @entity3 , a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Existing diagnostic methods include ELISA and nucleic acid amplification, usually performed individually. OBJECTIVES: (1) To develop a multiplexed assay for simultaneous detection of major enteric viral pathogens. (2) Quantitation of viral load by normalizing with an extrinsic control. STUDY DESIGN: A simple protocol combining a one-step multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with microsphere-based fluorescence detection was developed for norovirus GI and GII, rotavirus, astrovirus, sapovirus, and adenovirus. An extrinsic control, bacteriophage @entity4 , was spiked into each fecal sample before nucleic acid extraction to normalize between samples for the efficiency of nucleic acid extraction and amplification. RESULTS: The fluorescent results were quantitative and nearly as sensitive as the corresponding singleplex real time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) assay on analytic samples. Upon testing 229 fecal samples from inpatients with @entity0 in Tanzania the assay yielded between 88% and 100% sensitivity and specificity for all analytes. The difference in fluorescence intensities of @entity4 between samples indicated variable extraction efficiency and was used to better refine the viral load of each specimen. CONCLUSIONS: This one-step nucleic acid-based assay enables rapid, sensitive and specific detection of the major viral causes of @entity2 . The quantitation yielded by the assay is informative for clinical research particularly in the context of @entity1 .

title: Multiplex reverse transcription PCR Luminex assay for detection and quantitation of viral agents of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The incidence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and how it relates to the incidence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the adult @entity1 population is unknown. We evaluated this incidence and assessed the impact of age on morbidity and mortality. Prospective data were collected on @entity1 @entity0 admitted >48 h over a 2-year period. Each @entity0 was screened for @entity2 by an infectious disease specialist. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines were used to diagnose @entity2 . Of the 2,645 @entity0 admitted, 86% were <65 years of age and 14% were > or =65 years of age. There was not a significant difference in Injury Severity Score (ISS) between the two groups. A total of 201 (8.8%) of the younger @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity4 ; of these, 52.2% acquired a @entity3 . Additionally, 65 (17.4%) of the older @entity0 were diagnosed with a @entity4 ; of these, 57% acquired a @entity3 . The combination of @entity4 and @entity3 led to the most significant increases in intensive care (ILOS), hospital (HLOS) length of stay, and mortality. @entity0 with the @entity4 had a significantly greater risk of obtaining an @entity3 in both age groups. The relative risk (RR) of an older @entity0 presenting with a @entity4 was two times greater than in @entity0 <65 years old. The greatest relative risk of mortality (RRM) was demonstrated with the combination of @entity4 and @entity3 , and age. However, once infected with both @entity4 and @entity3 , younger @entity0 had a greater RRM (5.0 vs. 3.9) in the group-specific comparison. @entity4 significantly increases the risk of @entity1 @entity0 acquiring an @entity3 . The combination of @entity4 and @entity3 led to the most significant increases in HLOS, ILOS, and mortality. Increased age is associated with a significantly higher incidence of @entity4 , ILOS, HLOS, and mortality. Once infected with both @entity4 and @entity3 , younger @entity0 have a greater risk of mortality.

title: Impact of community-acquired @entity2 on acquisition of @entity3 , length of stay, and mortality in adult XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The incidence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and how it relates to the incidence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the adult @entity1 population is unknown. We evaluated this incidence and assessed the impact of age on morbidity and mortality. Prospective data were collected on @entity1 @entity0 admitted >48 h over a 2-year period. Each @entity0 was screened for @entity2 by an infectious disease specialist. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines were used to diagnose @entity2 . Of the 2,645 @entity0 admitted, 86% were <65 years of age and 14% were > or =65 years of age. There was not a significant difference in Injury Severity Score (ISS) between the two groups. A total of 201 (8.8%) of the younger @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity4 ; of these, 52.2% acquired a @entity3 . Additionally, 65 (17.4%) of the older @entity0 were diagnosed with a @entity4 ; of these, 57% acquired a @entity3 . The combination of @entity4 and @entity3 led to the most significant increases in intensive care (ILOS), hospital (HLOS) length of stay, and mortality. @entity0 with the @entity4 had a significantly greater risk of obtaining an @entity3 in both age groups. The relative risk (RR) of an older @entity0 presenting with a @entity4 was two times greater than in @entity0 <65 years old. The greatest relative risk of mortality (RRM) was demonstrated with the combination of @entity4 and @entity3 , and age. However, once infected with both @entity4 and @entity3 , younger @entity0 had a greater RRM (5.0 vs. 3.9) in the group-specific comparison. @entity4 significantly increases the risk of @entity1 @entity0 acquiring an @entity3 . The combination of @entity4 and @entity3 led to the most significant increases in HLOS, ILOS, and mortality. Increased age is associated with a significantly higher incidence of @entity4 , ILOS, HLOS, and mortality. Once infected with both @entity4 and @entity3 , younger @entity0 have a greater risk of mortality.

title: Impact of community-acquired @entity2 on acquisition of XXXX , length of stay, and mortality in adult @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The incidence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and how it relates to the incidence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the adult @entity1 population is unknown. We evaluated this incidence and assessed the impact of age on morbidity and mortality. Prospective data were collected on @entity1 @entity0 admitted >48 h over a 2-year period. Each @entity0 was screened for @entity2 by an infectious disease specialist. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines were used to diagnose @entity2 . Of the 2,645 @entity0 admitted, 86% were <65 years of age and 14% were > or =65 years of age. There was not a significant difference in Injury Severity Score (ISS) between the two groups. A total of 201 (8.8%) of the younger @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity4 ; of these, 52.2% acquired a @entity3 . Additionally, 65 (17.4%) of the older @entity0 were diagnosed with a @entity4 ; of these, 57% acquired a @entity3 . The combination of @entity4 and @entity3 led to the most significant increases in intensive care (ILOS), hospital (HLOS) length of stay, and mortality. @entity0 with the @entity4 had a significantly greater risk of obtaining an @entity3 in both age groups. The relative risk (RR) of an older @entity0 presenting with a @entity4 was two times greater than in @entity0 <65 years old. The greatest relative risk of mortality (RRM) was demonstrated with the combination of @entity4 and @entity3 , and age. However, once infected with both @entity4 and @entity3 , younger @entity0 had a greater RRM (5.0 vs. 3.9) in the group-specific comparison. @entity4 significantly increases the risk of @entity1 @entity0 acquiring an @entity3 . The combination of @entity4 and @entity3 led to the most significant increases in HLOS, ILOS, and mortality. Increased age is associated with a significantly higher incidence of @entity4 , ILOS, HLOS, and mortality. Once infected with both @entity4 and @entity3 , younger @entity0 have a greater risk of mortality.

title: Impact of community-acquired XXXX on acquisition of @entity3 , length of stay, and mortality in adult @entity1 @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The incidence of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and how it relates to the incidence of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in the adult @entity1 population is unknown. We evaluated this incidence and assessed the impact of age on morbidity and mortality. Prospective data were collected on @entity1 @entity0 admitted >48 h over a 2-year period. Each @entity0 was screened for @entity2 by an infectious disease specialist. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) guidelines were used to diagnose @entity2 . Of the 2,645 @entity0 admitted, 86% were <65 years of age and 14% were > or =65 years of age. There was not a significant difference in Injury Severity Score (ISS) between the two groups. A total of 201 (8.8%) of the younger @entity0 were diagnosed with @entity4 ; of these, 52.2% acquired a @entity3 . Additionally, 65 (17.4%) of the older @entity0 were diagnosed with a @entity4 ; of these, 57% acquired a @entity3 . The combination of @entity4 and @entity3 led to the most significant increases in intensive care (ILOS), hospital (HLOS) length of stay, and mortality. @entity0 with the @entity4 had a significantly greater risk of obtaining an @entity3 in both age groups. The relative risk (RR) of an older @entity0 presenting with a @entity4 was two times greater than in @entity0 <65 years old. The greatest relative risk of mortality (RRM) was demonstrated with the combination of @entity4 and @entity3 , and age. However, once infected with both @entity4 and @entity3 , younger @entity0 had a greater RRM (5.0 vs. 3.9) in the group-specific comparison. @entity4 significantly increases the risk of @entity1 @entity0 acquiring an @entity3 . The combination of @entity4 and @entity3 led to the most significant increases in HLOS, ILOS, and mortality. Increased age is associated with a significantly higher incidence of @entity4 , ILOS, HLOS, and mortality. Once infected with both @entity4 and @entity3 , younger @entity0 have a greater risk of mortality.

title: Impact of community-acquired @entity2 on acquisition of @entity3 , length of stay, and mortality in adult @entity1 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Serum CA 19-9 levels were measured in 63 @entity0 with ductal @entity3 and in 49 @entity0 with @entity4 . Concentrations were abnormally high (greater than 40 U/ml) in 57 (90%) @entity0 with @entity1 and only in 5 (10%) @entity0 with @entity4 . All @entity0 with falsely normal serum values had poorly differentiated @entity2 . Median CA 19-9 concentrations were progressively higher in @entity0 with more @entity1 . Fifteen of 16 (93%) @entity0 with @entity1 has abnormal serum levels but only 5 (31%) of them had values greater than 120 U/ml, which was the highest score observed in @entity0 with @entity4 . Pure pancreatic juice was obtained endoscopically from 23 @entity0 with @entity3 and from 20 with @entity4 . CA 19-9 concentrations in pancreatic juice were significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity1 than in non-neoplastic @entity0 . All 11 @entity0 with resectable @entity1 investigated had a ratio of CA 19-9 to secretory protein concentration in pancreatic juice above the range of @entity0 with @entity4 . We conclude that serum CA 19-9 determination is highly sensitive and specific for the differential diagnosis of @entity3 versus @entity4 . However, moderately increased values (less than 120 U/ml), as seen in @entity0 with localized @entity3 , are not conclusive for @entity1 . The measurement of CA 19-9 to total protein ratio in pure pancreatic juice is proposed as an adjunctive, accurate diagnostic marker for early stages of @entity3 .

title: Determination of CA 19-9 antigen in serum and pancreatic juice for differential diagnosis of XXXX from @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Serum CA 19-9 levels were measured in 63 @entity0 with ductal @entity3 and in 49 @entity0 with @entity4 . Concentrations were abnormally high (greater than 40 U/ml) in 57 (90%) @entity0 with @entity1 and only in 5 (10%) @entity0 with @entity4 . All @entity0 with falsely normal serum values had poorly differentiated @entity2 . Median CA 19-9 concentrations were progressively higher in @entity0 with more @entity1 . Fifteen of 16 (93%) @entity0 with @entity1 has abnormal serum levels but only 5 (31%) of them had values greater than 120 U/ml, which was the highest score observed in @entity0 with @entity4 . Pure pancreatic juice was obtained endoscopically from 23 @entity0 with @entity3 and from 20 with @entity4 . CA 19-9 concentrations in pancreatic juice were significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity1 than in non-neoplastic @entity0 . All 11 @entity0 with resectable @entity1 investigated had a ratio of CA 19-9 to secretory protein concentration in pancreatic juice above the range of @entity0 with @entity4 . We conclude that serum CA 19-9 determination is highly sensitive and specific for the differential diagnosis of @entity3 versus @entity4 . However, moderately increased values (less than 120 U/ml), as seen in @entity0 with localized @entity3 , are not conclusive for @entity1 . The measurement of CA 19-9 to total protein ratio in pure pancreatic juice is proposed as an adjunctive, accurate diagnostic marker for early stages of @entity3 .

title: Determination of CA 19-9 antigen in serum and pancreatic juice for differential diagnosis of @entity3 from XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Fallout of bacteria and contamination at the wound site were studied during a standardized orthopaedic operation using sedimentation plates and a bacterial sampler. The procedure was performed in either a conventionally ventilated operating theatre or in an ultraclean air enclosure. The staff was dressed in either an all- @entity1 system (working clothes and theatre gown) or @entity1 working clothes in combination with Ventile theatre gown, or a laminate disposable theatre gown, or finally a @entity2 coverall and a laminate theatre gown. The @entity0 were draped in @entity1 or laminate. The study was done during 5 periods. The most striking effect was seen when the combination of the coverall and the laminate theatre gown was used. The fallout in the conventional theatre was then at the same level as in the ultraclean air. It was even less than using Ventile gowns and laminate drapes in ultraclean air. The contamination at the wound site showed the same pattern. However, least contamination was recorded when laminate gowns and laminate drapes were used in ultraclean air.

title: XXXX draping and staff clothing in the operating theatre: a microbiological study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and symptoms of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) after systematic lymph node dissection (LND) and evaluate the effect of hyperbaric @entity2 therapy in @entity0 with primary @entity1 . METHODS: From January 2004 to December 2009, 1,071 @entity0 underwent a standard resection for @entity6 and radical systematic lymph node dissection. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed systematically between days 7 and 12. We analyzed the clinical and biologic signs of @entity3 . Once the diagnosis established a treatment by hyperbaric @entity2 , therapy was undertaken. RESULTS: A @entity3 was observed in 34 @entity0 (3.21%) (2 @entity0 and 32 @entity0 ). Mean age was 59    10 years (range, 25 to 79 years). A @entity3 occurred within 8    3 days; after right pulmonary resection (n = 21; 62%) and after left resection (n = 13; 38%). A @entity3 appeared asymptomatically for 27 @entity0 (80%), whereas only 7 @entity0 (20%) presented with @entity4 and hyperleukocytosis. Their localization were @entity7 (n = 21; 62%), homolateral bronchial tree (n = 11; 32%), or extension toward the contralateral bronchial tree (n = 2; 6%). The mean number of hyperbaric @entity2 therapy sessions was 14 (1 to 48). A @entity3 worsening was observed in 6 @entity0 (18%), requiring a surgical rescue therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical presentation of @entity3 is poor and systematic fiberoptic bronchoscopy should be performed, especially in @entity0 with a high risk of @entity5 . Hyperbaric @entity2 therapy in the management of @entity3 may be a promising adjunctive treatment.

title: Postoperative @entity3 after lymph node dissection and primary XXXX resection.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence and symptoms of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) after systematic lymph node dissection (LND) and evaluate the effect of hyperbaric @entity2 therapy in @entity0 with primary @entity1 . METHODS: From January 2004 to December 2009, 1,071 @entity0 underwent a standard resection for @entity6 and radical systematic lymph node dissection. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed systematically between days 7 and 12. We analyzed the clinical and biologic signs of @entity3 . Once the diagnosis established a treatment by hyperbaric @entity2 , therapy was undertaken. RESULTS: A @entity3 was observed in 34 @entity0 (3.21%) (2 @entity0 and 32 @entity0 ). Mean age was 59    10 years (range, 25 to 79 years). A @entity3 occurred within 8    3 days; after right pulmonary resection (n = 21; 62%) and after left resection (n = 13; 38%). A @entity3 appeared asymptomatically for 27 @entity0 (80%), whereas only 7 @entity0 (20%) presented with @entity4 and hyperleukocytosis. Their localization were @entity7 (n = 21; 62%), homolateral bronchial tree (n = 11; 32%), or extension toward the contralateral bronchial tree (n = 2; 6%). The mean number of hyperbaric @entity2 therapy sessions was 14 (1 to 48). A @entity3 worsening was observed in 6 @entity0 (18%), requiring a surgical rescue therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical presentation of @entity3 is poor and systematic fiberoptic bronchoscopy should be performed, especially in @entity0 with a high risk of @entity5 . Hyperbaric @entity2 therapy in the management of @entity3 may be a promising adjunctive treatment.

title: Postoperative XXXX after lymph node dissection and primary @entity1 resection.

answer: @entity3


abstract: A new method for on-line sample preparation of surface water extracts for the reversed phase HPLC analysis of the fungicide @entity2 at the ppb level is presented. Water samples are extracted with @entity0 and after concentration and evaporation to dryness, taken up in a mixture of @entity1 /water. 2-Ml aliquots are injected onto a small precolumn, which is subsequently flushed with 20% @entity1 in water as a clean-up step. The precolumn is switched on-line with the analytical column, and, using 47.5% @entity1 in water as the eluent, the concentrated zone of @entity2 is desorbed and transported to the analytical column. Detection takes place with UV at 229 nm. The resulting chromatograms are free of interferences. The detection limit of the method in 0.02 ppb. Good reproducibility and linear calibration curves are obtained. The results of the method are in agreement with those of capillary GC analysis with cold-on-column injection. The advantage of the method compared to GC is the lower susceptibility to errors due to the presence of interferences.

title: Liquid chromatographic determination of the fungicide XXXX in surface water, using on-line preconcentration.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity6 ) is an immunosuppressive drug which induces severe adverse effects such as @entity7 and nephrotoxicity. In several therapeutic protocols @entity6 is used in association with corticosteroids to obtain better therapeutic results. Recently, our studies showed that @entity6 increases blood pressure while inhibit @entity5 (NO) production in vivo. In this study we evaluated in @entity0 cardiomyocytes the effects of @entity6 , used alone or in association with @entity4 (HY), on intracellular @entity3 concentration, NO production and lipid peroxidation ( @entity8 level). Our results demonstrated that @entity6 increased intracellular @entity3 and such effect was dose-dependent. HY used alone, slightly decreased intracellular @entity3 , while dramatically reduced @entity6 -induced @entity3 fluxes. @entity6 (3.2 microM) increased lipid peroxidation and this effect was blunted by HY. Both @entity6 and HY inhibited NO production in @entity0 cardiomyocytes acting on this pathway synergically. Our results demonstrated that in @entity0 cardiomyocytes, @entity6 @entity1 is due to a @entity3 overload, which in turn induce lipid peroxidation and determines oxidative stress-induced cell injury. Treatment with HY effectively inhibits @entity6 -induced @entity1 , decreasing lipid peroxidation as well as @entity3 intracellular concentration. Our findings seem to suggest that glucocorticoids may be effective in reducing @entity6 -induced @entity7 at concentrations which are consistent with current therapeutic doses.

title: @entity4 has a protective effect on XXXX -induced @entity7 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity6 ) is an immunosuppressive drug which induces severe adverse effects such as @entity7 and nephrotoxicity. In several therapeutic protocols @entity6 is used in association with corticosteroids to obtain better therapeutic results. Recently, our studies showed that @entity6 increases blood pressure while inhibit @entity5 (NO) production in vivo. In this study we evaluated in @entity0 cardiomyocytes the effects of @entity6 , used alone or in association with @entity4 (HY), on intracellular @entity3 concentration, NO production and lipid peroxidation ( @entity8 level). Our results demonstrated that @entity6 increased intracellular @entity3 and such effect was dose-dependent. HY used alone, slightly decreased intracellular @entity3 , while dramatically reduced @entity6 -induced @entity3 fluxes. @entity6 (3.2 microM) increased lipid peroxidation and this effect was blunted by HY. Both @entity6 and HY inhibited NO production in @entity0 cardiomyocytes acting on this pathway synergically. Our results demonstrated that in @entity0 cardiomyocytes, @entity6 @entity1 is due to a @entity3 overload, which in turn induce lipid peroxidation and determines oxidative stress-induced cell injury. Treatment with HY effectively inhibits @entity6 -induced @entity1 , decreasing lipid peroxidation as well as @entity3 intracellular concentration. Our findings seem to suggest that glucocorticoids may be effective in reducing @entity6 -induced @entity7 at concentrations which are consistent with current therapeutic doses.

title: @entity4 has a protective effect on @entity2 -induced XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity2 ( @entity6 ) is an immunosuppressive drug which induces severe adverse effects such as @entity7 and nephrotoxicity. In several therapeutic protocols @entity6 is used in association with corticosteroids to obtain better therapeutic results. Recently, our studies showed that @entity6 increases blood pressure while inhibit @entity5 (NO) production in vivo. In this study we evaluated in @entity0 cardiomyocytes the effects of @entity6 , used alone or in association with @entity4 (HY), on intracellular @entity3 concentration, NO production and lipid peroxidation ( @entity8 level). Our results demonstrated that @entity6 increased intracellular @entity3 and such effect was dose-dependent. HY used alone, slightly decreased intracellular @entity3 , while dramatically reduced @entity6 -induced @entity3 fluxes. @entity6 (3.2 microM) increased lipid peroxidation and this effect was blunted by HY. Both @entity6 and HY inhibited NO production in @entity0 cardiomyocytes acting on this pathway synergically. Our results demonstrated that in @entity0 cardiomyocytes, @entity6 @entity1 is due to a @entity3 overload, which in turn induce lipid peroxidation and determines oxidative stress-induced cell injury. Treatment with HY effectively inhibits @entity6 -induced @entity1 , decreasing lipid peroxidation as well as @entity3 intracellular concentration. Our findings seem to suggest that glucocorticoids may be effective in reducing @entity6 -induced @entity7 at concentrations which are consistent with current therapeutic doses.

title: XXXX has a protective effect on @entity2 -induced @entity7 .

answer: @entity4