abstract: The ependyma lines the ventricular system of the vertebrate brain and spinal cord. Although its embryology and morphology have been studied extensively, little is known of its physiological properties, particularly in mammals. Tanycytes are modified ependymal cells that are found predominantly lining the floor of the third ventricle, overlying the median eminence. Their processes accompany and enwrap neuroendocrine axons that course from @entity2 nuclei to terminals in the median eminence, but the significance of this interaction is not yet understood. Intracellular recording and injection techniques were used to study ependymal cells and tanycytes of the @entity0 in the @entity2 slice preparation after differentiating their respective regions morphologically. With extracellular [K+] = 6.24 mM, the mean membrane potential (+/- SD) for common ependyma was -79.9 +/- 1.40 mV and for tanycytes, -79.5 +/- 1.77 mV. Input resistances (Rin) were very low (much less than 1 @entity3 ). Single-cell injection of Lucifer yellow revealed dye coupling among 2-70 ependymal cells and 5-48 tanycytes. In both freeze-fractured replicas and thin sections, large numbers of gap junctions were found between adjacent ependymal cells and between adjacent tanycytes. The observations of numerous gap junctions, extensive dye coupling and low input resistance demonstrated that both populations are strongly coupled networks. Perhaps for this reason, attempts to uncouple these cells using @entity4 or @entity1 were unsuccessful. Electrical stimulation of the arcuate nucleus did not elicit any detectable synaptic response in impaled tanycytes, so that the functional significance of synaptoid contacts between neuroendocrine neurons and the postsynaptic tanycytes is not yet apparent. Ependymal cells and tanycytes demonstrated a near-Nernstian response to changes in extracellular [K+] between 3 and 20 mM. This finding, as well as their high negative resting potential, low Rin, extensive coupling and absence of spontaneous electrical excitability demonstrate that ependymal cells possess numerous glial characteristics and may therefore have similar functions. In the hypothalamus, ependyma probably take up K+ released from adjacent endocrine neurons and shunt it to the ventricular space.

title: Correlated electrophysiology and morphology of the ependyma in XXXX hypothalamus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Lipid hydrolysis with subsequent production of @entity4 and lipid peroxidation are two of the earliest potentially pathochemical events induced in spinal cord tissue by mechanical @entity0 . Although these membrane lipid disturbances are thought to contribute to the @entity2 that occur subsequent to @entity3 , such a correlation has not been demonstrated directly. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to test the capacity of alpha @entity5 , the major lipid antioxidant in cellular membranes and a compound that limits the injury-induced lipid hydrolysis and peroxidation in spinal cord tissue, to promote functional recovery in a static loading model of @entity3 . After laminectomy, the L2 spinal cord of @entity1 was compressed with 180 g for 5 min. For 5 days before injury and for 5 days postinjury, treated @entity1 received orally 1000 IUD-alpha @entity5 daily. Control @entity1 were similarly injured but untreated. All @entity1 were blindly evaluated weekly for 4 weeks for their neurologic recovery based on an 11 point behavioral scale that assessed walking, running, and stair climbing. By the second postinjury week, alpha @entity5 -pretreated @entity1 demonstrated significantly better recovery than untreated controls. By 4 weeks, treated @entity1 had recovered 72% of their preinjury function as compared with 20% for untreated controls, i.e., a 3.5-fold difference. These results strongly suggest that lipid peroxidation and/or hydrolysis is primarily involved in the genesis of posttraumatic @entity2 and that alpha @entity5 exerts its protection of injured spinal cord tissue, at least in part, by its antioxidant and/or antilipolytic activity.

title: Pretreatment with alpha XXXX enhances neurologic recovery after experimental spinal cord compression injury.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Clinical and experimental studies of the acute and late effects of radiation on cells have enhanced our knowledge of radiotherapy and have led to the optimisation of radiation treatment schedules and to more precise modes of radiation delivery. However, as both normal and cancerous tissues have similar response to radiation exposure, radiation-induced injury on normal tissues may present either during, or after the completion of, the radiotherapy treatment. Studies on both NSAIDs and @entity12 have indeed shown some evidence of radioprotection. Both have the potential to increase the survival of cells but by entirely different mechanisms. Studies of cell kinetics reveal that cells in the mitotic (M) and late G2 phases of the cell cycle are generally most sensitive to radiation compared with cells in the early S and G1/G0 phases. Furthermore, radiation leads to a mitotic delay in the cell cycle. Thus, chemical agents that either limit the proportion of cells in the M and G2 phases of the cell cycle or enhance rapid cell growth could in principle be exploited for their potential use as radioprotectors to normal tissue during irradiation. NSAIDs have been shown to exert anti- @entity0 effects by causing cell-cycle arrest, shifting cells towards a quiescence state (G0/G1). The same mechanism of action was observed in radioprotection of normal tissues. An increase in @entity9 concentrations after exposure to NSAIDs also leads to the production of an apoptosis-inducer @entity11 . NSAIDs also elevate the level of @entity3 dismutase in cells. Activation of @entity10 proteins by NSAIDs increases cell survival by alteration of cytokine expression. A role for NSAIDs with respect to inhibition of cellular proliferation possibly by an anti-angiogenesis mechanism has also been suggested. Several in-vivo studies have provided evidence suggesting that NSAIDs may protect normal tissues from @entity6 . @entity12 do not regulate the cell cycle, but they do have a variety of effects on cell growth and differentiation. @entity8 mediates angiogenesis, increasing the supply of @entity1 and nutrients, essential for cellular survival and growth. Accordingly, @entity8 at sufficiently high plasma concentrations enhances cellular survival by inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as @entity4 and @entity7 . Thus, @entity8 acts as a modulator, rather than a mediator, of @entity2 . Prospective studies have suggested the potential use of @entity5 , a @entity13 analogue, before irradiation, in prevention of radiation-induced side effects. The current understanding of the pharmacology of NSAIDs and @entity12 shows great potential to minimise the adverse effects of radiotherapy on normal tissue.

title: Radioprotection: the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and XXXX .

answer: @entity12


abstract: PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION: Ovarian reserve reflects the capacity of the ovaries for a successful pregnancy. Anti-M  llerian hormone ( @entity1 ) could be a useful marker to predict ovarian reserve and to adjust controlled ovarian stimulation. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between @entity1 and intracytoplasmic sperm injection-in vitro fertilization (IVF-ICSI) outcome in poor responder @entity0 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted prospectively for a period of 12 months. Inclusion criteria were FSH value > 15 iu/l or antral follicle number < 4, on the 2nd day of cycle. All @entity0 underwent GnRH agonist stimulation with long protocol. Serum @entity1 levels were measured in the treatment cycle just before the stimulation. After the treatment, @entity0 who were pregnant formed the study group and @entity0 who were not pregnant formed the control group. Serum @entity1 level was the main outcome measure. RESULTS: The study and control group consisted of 34 and 70 @entity0 , respectively. No significant difference was found in duration of @entity2 , antral follicular count, basal E2 and FSH levels. The mean serum @entity1 level was significantly higher in study group (p = 0.005). The retrieved oocyte number, metaphase 2 oocyte number, and fertilization rate were also significantly higher in the study group. DISCUSSION: Evaluation of serum @entity1 seems to be a useful marker to predict IVF-ICSI outcome in poor responder @entity0 .

title: The association between anti-M  llerian hormone and IVF-ICSI outcome in poor responder XXXX performing long protocol.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of local infiltration of 0.25% @entity3 on post-operative @entity1 and analgesic use in @entity0 undergoing cardiac catheterization procedures. BACKGROUND: In pediatric catheterization procedures performed under general anesthesia, a local anesthetic is often used prior to @entity4 . There are no published reports of the impact of local anesthetic infiltration on @entity1 after pediatric procedures, and mixed reports on its effectiveness in adults. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was undertaken of 140 @entity0 , aged 7-18 years undergoing cardiac catheterization under general anesthesia via the femoral vein or artery. @entity0 received a subcutaneous infiltration of 0.25% @entity3 at the access site prior to sheath removal, or usual care without @entity3 . Outcomes included @entity0 reported @entity1 scores and analgesic use up to 6 hr after the procedure. RESULTS: @entity1 scores were similar between groups through the 6-hr post-procedure period. The proportion of @entity0 reporting a maximal @entity1 score of  <=2/10 was higher in the @entity3 group (64% vs. 44%, P   =   0.03). A significantly higher proportion of @entity0 in the control group required IV @entity2 (18.8% vs. 4.5%, P   =   0.02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 use can be reduced with the use of 0.25% @entity3 given prior to @entity4 and should be considered for post-procedural @entity1 control for pediatric @entity0 undergoing cardiac catheterization. This study is the first to contribute evidence to the effectiveness of 0.25% @entity3 after pediatric cardiac catheterization.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Use of local anesthetic (0.25% XXXX ) for @entity1 control after pediatric cardiac catheterization: A randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of local infiltration of 0.25% @entity3 on post-operative @entity1 and analgesic use in @entity0 undergoing cardiac catheterization procedures. BACKGROUND: In pediatric catheterization procedures performed under general anesthesia, a local anesthetic is often used prior to @entity4 . There are no published reports of the impact of local anesthetic infiltration on @entity1 after pediatric procedures, and mixed reports on its effectiveness in adults. METHODS: A randomized controlled trial was undertaken of 140 @entity0 , aged 7-18 years undergoing cardiac catheterization under general anesthesia via the femoral vein or artery. @entity0 received a subcutaneous infiltration of 0.25% @entity3 at the access site prior to sheath removal, or usual care without @entity3 . Outcomes included @entity0 reported @entity1 scores and analgesic use up to 6 hr after the procedure. RESULTS: @entity1 scores were similar between groups through the 6-hr post-procedure period. The proportion of @entity0 reporting a maximal @entity1 score of  <=2/10 was higher in the @entity3 group (64% vs. 44%, P   =   0.03). A significantly higher proportion of @entity0 in the control group required IV @entity2 (18.8% vs. 4.5%, P   =   0.02). CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 use can be reduced with the use of 0.25% @entity3 given prior to @entity4 and should be considered for post-procedural @entity1 control for pediatric @entity0 undergoing cardiac catheterization. This study is the first to contribute evidence to the effectiveness of 0.25% @entity3 after pediatric cardiac catheterization.    2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

title: Use of local anesthetic (0.25% @entity3 ) for XXXX control after pediatric cardiac catheterization: A randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Polypharmacy, as the use of five or more drugs, has commonly been associated with the elderly and multiple co-morbidities and related to impairment of clinical state and adverse outcomes, in general population. Limited data are available on the relationship between polypharmacy and adverse outcomes in @entity5 ( @entity5 ). We describe the prevalence of polypharmacy and @entity5 , and its association with major adverse events, such as @entity4 . METHODS AND RESULTS: For this study, we analysed all AFFIRM Trial @entity0 with complete pharmacological data. Polypharmacy was recorded in 40  % of 4056 @entity5 @entity0 . The crude incidence of @entity3 was 3.45  % @entity0 -years among @entity0 with polypharmacy, vs 1.65  % @entity0 -years without polypharmacy. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that @entity0 with polypharmacy had a higher cumulative incidence of @entity3 (p  <  0.001). Cox regression analysis demonstrated that female gender (p  =  0.038), @entity1 (p  =  0.029), previous @entity4 ( @entity4 ) (p  =  0.004), prior @entity2 (p  =  0.011) and polypharmacy (p  =  0.029) were independently associated with @entity3 . Polypharmacy was associated with an adjusted relative risk of 1.30 (95  % CI 1.03-1.64) for @entity3 . A linear increase in the number of drugs was significantly associated with @entity3 . No significant association was found with @entity2 occurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Polypharmacy is highly prevalent in @entity5 @entity0 and associated with a worse clinical outcome, conferring 30  % excess relative risk for @entity3 . Thus, polypharmacy may be a health status marker. Strategies to reduce inappropriate prescription and polypharmacy should be tested in prospective longitudinal studies of @entity5 @entity0 .

title: Polypharmacy and major adverse events in XXXX : observations from the AFFIRM trial.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Although the benign counterpart of @entity3 of the thyroid has never been indicated in textbooks, we propose that C cell @entity6 is a rare but distinct clinical entity. Two @entity0 , a 43-year-old @entity0 and a 53-year-old @entity0 , had similar @entity4 , both about 4 cm in diameter. The cut surfaces of the resected @entity1 were indistinguishable from a common microfollicular @entity4 . Microscopically, the @entity1 were uniformly composed of fusiform cells without any follicle formation. Neither @entity5 nor @entity7 was found. Although some kind of C cell @entity1 were suggested, the exact nature was debatable. However, extremely high levels of @entity2 (1330 and 2065 pg/ml, respectively; normal level, less than 170 pg/ml) were found in the stored sera taken preoperatively. Serum levels of @entity8 ( @entity8 ) were normal in both @entity0 . Immunohistochemically, the @entity1 tissues were positive for @entity2 and @entity9 but negative for @entity8 with a monoclonal anti- @entity8 antibody. No somatostatin, glucagon, or adrenocorticotropic hormone activity was found. It is highly probable that such @entity1 have not been closely studied and have been regarded as eccentric adenomas of the thyroid or simply as the so-called @entity3 of the thyroid.

title: C cell XXXX : a rare but distinct clinical entity.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The effect of right ventricular pressure overload secondary to chronic @entity2 on left ventricular size and function and on interventricular septal motion was studied in 13 @entity0 in whom @entity3 , @entity1 , and @entity4 were excluded. Regional and global left ventricular function were assessed by computer-assisted analysis of two-dimensional directed M-mode echocardiograms obtained within 24 hours of a hemodynamic study. Septal position and motion were further analyzed by delineating seven points along the right and left sides of the septum during a single cardiac cycle. All echocardiographic data were compared to those of 10 normal subjects. Mean values for right ventricular systolic, mean pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures were: 71 +/- 26 mm Hg, 46 +/- 16 mm Hg, and 7 +/- 1 mm Hg, respectively. Septal motion was interpreted from the M-mode echocardiograms as normal in seven @entity0 (group I) and abnormal in the remaining six @entity0 (group II). The only hemodynamic parameter which distinguished these two patterns was delta P, the transseptal systolic pressure gradient across the interventricular septum, which was significantly different (p less than 0.02) in group I (delta P = 65 +/- 16 mm Hg) from that of group II (delta P = 21 +/- 24 mm Hg). As a result of abnormal septal position, the septal-free wall dimensions of the left ventricle were reduced, but there was no evidence of depressed left ventricular performance in these @entity0 . We conclude that resting left ventricular function is well preserved in @entity0 with @entity2 , despite significant alterations in septal position and left ventricular size.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The effect of chronic XXXX on left ventricular size, function, and interventricular septal motion.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of hyperdynamic @entity3 on the motility of the small intestine. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Motility disorders of the gastrointestinal tract are a common complication of @entity1 . It has been suggested that gram-negative endotoxin plays a role in the pathogenesis of the accompanying @entity0 frequently observed. METHODS: @entity2 were infused with lipopolysaccharide for a 24-hour period. During this fasting period jejunal motility was measured using ambulatory manometry. One and 4 days after cessation of endotoxin, @entity2 were enterally fed, and again motility was recorded. RESULTS: @entity3 was achieved in this model. Manometric pressure recordings revealed that endotoxin infusion accelerated the migrating motor complex (MMC) migration along the jejunum. Also, a simultaneous increase in MMC cycling frequency was observed in the endotoxin-treated group. Elevated MMC migration velocity and cycling frequency were maintained the following day after endotoxin during feeding and returned to basal values 4 days after endotoxin. CONCLUSIONS: A small dose of continuously infused endotoxin significantly provokes jejunal motility disturbances that may contribute to @entity0 .

title: Effect of prolonged hyperdynamic endotoxemia on jejunal motility in fasted and enterally fed XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study aimed to evaluate @entity1 progression as assessed by PSA level of curative treatment for @entity2 by either radiotherapy or prostatectomy. From 1987 to 1993, 180 @entity0 were treated for clinically @entity2 either by radiotherapy or prostatectomy. One hundred and five @entity0 with clinical T1T2N0M0 were eligible for this study. Forty five underwent external beam radiotherapy and 60 had a radical prostatectomy. After radiotherapy PSA slowly decreased to reach a nadir 18 months after treatment. Any subsequent increase from this lowest post treatment level is associated with @entity1 progression. After radical prostatectomy PSA becomes undetectable and any increase will be regarded as evidence of @entity1 progression. The median PSA level before treatment and the median length of follow-up were comparable for the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival and biological evidence of disease progression at 5 y. Analysis of the evolution of median PSA level shows a progressive decline during the 4 y after radiotherapy. After radical prostatectomy PSA become undetectable, 4 y after treatment PSA levels become comparable in the two groups. The biochemical free survival was 60% for the prostatectomy group and 62% for the radiotherapy group. PSA is an effective marker of @entity1 progression after surgery or radiotherapy for @entity2 . In our retrospective study recurrence rates at 5 y were not significant but direct comparisons are limited due to the Gleason score of the two groups. PSA levels can take up to 4 y to reach a nadir after radiotherapy.

title: Prostate specific antigen levels in the follow up of XXXX : how does radiotherapy compare to radical prostatectomy?

answer: @entity2


abstract: Dahl salt-sensitive SS and consomic, salt-resistant SS-13(BN)/Mcw @entity1 possess a highly similar genetic background but exhibit substantial differences in blood pressure salt sensitivity. We used cDNA microarrays to examine sequential changes of mRNA expression of approximately 2,000 currently known @entity1 genes in the renal medulla (a tissue critical for long-term blood pressure regulation) in SS and SS-13(BN)/Mcw @entity1 in response to a high-salt diet (16 h, 3 days, or 2 wk). Differentially expressed genes in each between-group comparison were identified based on a threshold determined experimentally using a reference distribution that was constructed by comparing @entity1 within the same group. A difference analysis of 54 microarrays identified 50 genes that exhibited the most distinct temporal patterns of expression between SS and SS-13(BN)/Mcw @entity1 over the entire time course. Thirty of these genes could be linked to the regulation of arterial blood pressure or @entity0 based on their known involvement in functional pathways such as renal tubular transport, metabolism of vasoactive substances, extracellular matrix formation, and apoptosis. Importantly, the majority of the 30 genes exhibited temporal expression patterns that would be expected to lower arterial pressure and reduce @entity0 in SS-13(BN)/Mcw compared with SS @entity1 . The phenotypic impact of the other 20 genes was less clear. These 50 genes are widely distributed on chromosome 13 and several other chromosomes. This suggested that primary @entity2 , although important, are unlikely to be solely responsible for the full manifestation of this type of @entity3 and associated injury phenotypes. In summary, the results of this study identified a number of pathways potentially important for the amelioration of @entity3 and @entity0 in SS-13(BN)/Mcw @entity1 , and these results generated a series of testable hypotheses related to the role of the renal medulla in the complex mechanism of salt-sensitive @entity3 .

title: Insights into Dahl salt-sensitive XXXX revealed by temporal patterns of renal medullary gene expression.

answer: @entity3


abstract: In @entity0 with the @entity1 , elevated concentrations of plant @entity6 (eg, @entity8 and @entity7 ) have been implicated as a risk factor for premature @entity4 . Whether plasma concentrations of @entity8 and @entity7 are risk factors for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in nonphytosterolemia subjects has not been established. Therefore, the present study examined the role of plant @entity6 in @entity0 admitted for elective artery coronary bypass graft (ACBG). Serum concentrations of @entity8 and @entity7 , as well as @entity11 , @entity10 , @entity9 , and lipoproteins were analyzed in 42 @entity0 and 11 @entity0 without lipid-lowering treatment during the past. Twenty-six @entity0 reported a positive family history in their first-degree relatives for @entity3 . Lipid profile and other risk factors were comparable in both groups. @entity0 with a positive family history for @entity3 had significant higher plasma levels of @entity8 (.50 +/-.17 v.38 +/-.16 mg/dL; P =.011), @entity7 (.40 +/-.11 v.31 +/-.11 mg/dL; P =.004) and their ratios to @entity2 . @entity11 , @entity10 , @entity9 , and their ratios to @entity2 were not significantly different. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analysis showed no influence of sex, age, @entity5 , total-, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity2 on the results, but confirmed a strong influence of plant @entity6 . These findings support the hypothesis that plant @entity6 might be an additional risk factor for @entity3 .

title: Serum plant XXXX as a potential risk factor for @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: In @entity0 with the @entity1 , elevated concentrations of plant @entity6 (eg, @entity8 and @entity7 ) have been implicated as a risk factor for premature @entity4 . Whether plasma concentrations of @entity8 and @entity7 are risk factors for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in nonphytosterolemia subjects has not been established. Therefore, the present study examined the role of plant @entity6 in @entity0 admitted for elective artery coronary bypass graft (ACBG). Serum concentrations of @entity8 and @entity7 , as well as @entity11 , @entity10 , @entity9 , and lipoproteins were analyzed in 42 @entity0 and 11 @entity0 without lipid-lowering treatment during the past. Twenty-six @entity0 reported a positive family history in their first-degree relatives for @entity3 . Lipid profile and other risk factors were comparable in both groups. @entity0 with a positive family history for @entity3 had significant higher plasma levels of @entity8 (.50 +/-.17 v.38 +/-.16 mg/dL; P =.011), @entity7 (.40 +/-.11 v.31 +/-.11 mg/dL; P =.004) and their ratios to @entity2 . @entity11 , @entity10 , @entity9 , and their ratios to @entity2 were not significantly different. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analysis showed no influence of sex, age, @entity5 , total-, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity2 on the results, but confirmed a strong influence of plant @entity6 . These findings support the hypothesis that plant @entity6 might be an additional risk factor for @entity3 .

title: Serum plant @entity6 as a potential risk factor for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: This review deals with high b-value q-space diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI) of neuronal tissues. It is well documented that at sufficiently high b-values (and high q-values) neuronal water signal decay in diffusion experiments is not mono-exponential. This implies the existence of more than one apparent diffusing component or evidence for restriction. The assignment of the different apparent diffusing components to real physical entities is not straightforward. However, the apparent slow diffusing component that was found to be restricted to a compartment of a few microns, if originating mainly from a specific pool and if assigned correctly, may potentially be used to obtain more specific MR images with regard to specific pathologies of the CNS. This review examines the utility of analyzing high b-value diffusion @entity5 and MRI data using the q-space approach introduced by Callaghan and by Cory and Garroway. This approach provides displacement probability maps that emphasize, at long diffusion times, the characteristics of the apparent slow diffusing component. Examples from excised spinal cord, where the experimental conditions for which the q-space analysis of MR diffusion data was developed can be met or approached will be presented. Then examples from @entity0 @entity1 @entity0 , where q-space requirement for the short gradient pulse is clearly violated, are presented. In the excised spinal cord studies, this approach was used to study spinal cord maturation and @entity2 , and was found to be more sensitive than other conventional methods in following spinal @entity3 in an experimental model of @entity4 ( @entity4 ). High b-value q-space DWI was also recently used to study healthy and @entity1 diseased @entity0 brains. This approach was found to be very sensitive to the disease load in @entity1 , compared with other conventional MRI methods, especially in the normal appearing white matter (NAWM) of @entity1 brains. Finally, the potential diagnostic capacity embedded in high b-value q-space analyzed diffusion MR images is discussed. The potentials and caveats of this approach are outlined and experimental data are presented that show the effect of violating the short gradient pulse (SGP) approximation on the extracted parameters from the q-space analysis.

title: High b-value q-space analyzed diffusion-weighted XXXX and MRI in neuronal tissues - a technical review.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We conducted a laboratory-based calibration study to determine relevant cutpoints for a hip-worn accelerometer among @entity0 >= 60 years, considering both type and filtering of counts. METHODS: Two hundred @entity0 wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer on their hip while performing eight laboratory-based activities. @entity1 uptake was measured using an Oxycon portable calorimeter. Accelerometer data were analyzed in 15-second epochs for both normal and low frequency extension (LFE) filters. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to calculate cutpoints for sedentary, light (low and high), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) using the @entity2 and vector magnitude (VM) counts. RESULTS: Mean age was 75.5 years (standard deviation 7.7). The Spearman correlation between @entity1 uptake and accelerometry ranged from 0.77 to 0.85 for the normal and LFE filters and for both the @entity2 and VM. The area under the ROC curve was generally higher for VM compared to the @entity2 , and higher for cutpoints distinguishing MVPA compared to sedentary and light low activities. The VM better discriminated sedentary from light low activities compared to the @entity2 . The area under the ROC curves were better for the LFE filter compared to the normal filter for the @entity2 counts, but no meaningful differences were found by filter type for VM counts. CONCLUSION: The cutpoints derived for this study among @entity0 >= 60 years can be applied to ongoing epidemiologic studies to define a range of physical activity intensities.

title: Calibrating physical activity intensity for hip-worn accelerometry in XXXX age 60 to 91 years: The @entity0 's Health Initiative OPACH Calibration Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We conducted a laboratory-based calibration study to determine relevant cutpoints for a hip-worn accelerometer among @entity0 >= 60 years, considering both type and filtering of counts. METHODS: Two hundred @entity0 wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometer on their hip while performing eight laboratory-based activities. @entity1 uptake was measured using an Oxycon portable calorimeter. Accelerometer data were analyzed in 15-second epochs for both normal and low frequency extension (LFE) filters. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to calculate cutpoints for sedentary, light (low and high), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) using the @entity2 and vector magnitude (VM) counts. RESULTS: Mean age was 75.5 years (standard deviation 7.7). The Spearman correlation between @entity1 uptake and accelerometry ranged from 0.77 to 0.85 for the normal and LFE filters and for both the @entity2 and VM. The area under the ROC curve was generally higher for VM compared to the @entity2 , and higher for cutpoints distinguishing MVPA compared to sedentary and light low activities. The VM better discriminated sedentary from light low activities compared to the @entity2 . The area under the ROC curves were better for the LFE filter compared to the normal filter for the @entity2 counts, but no meaningful differences were found by filter type for VM counts. CONCLUSION: The cutpoints derived for this study among @entity0 >= 60 years can be applied to ongoing epidemiologic studies to define a range of physical activity intensities.

title: Calibrating physical activity intensity for hip-worn accelerometry in @entity0 age 60 to 91 years: The XXXX 's Health Initiative OPACH Calibration Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess the risk of @entity1 and to determine the incidence of hardware removal. METHODS: We searched the surgical database of 5 attending hand surgeons at a single institution from 2009 to 2014. All @entity0 who had undergone volar plate fixation were included. @entity0 were excluded if they underwent an alternate form of fixation, had less than 1 year of follow-up, or could not be reached for follow-up. Postoperative radiographs were examined for Soong grade, plate distance to the critical line, and plate distance to the volar rim. If @entity0 had hardware removed, the reason for plate removal was identified. For all @entity0 who did not have documented hardware removal at our institution, we placed a follow-up call to determine whether they had hardware removed elsewhere. RESULTS: A total of 517 @entity0 underwent volar plate fixation, 143 of whom did not have their hardware removed at our institution but could not be reached for follow-up. Of the remaining 374 @entity0 , 37 (10%) had hardware removed. For group 1 (hardware retained), Soong grades were 13% grade 0, 85% grade 1, and 2% grade 2. For group 2 (hardware removed) the proportions were 11%, 76%, and 5%, respectively, and 8% undetermined. Mean plate distance to the critical line was significantly greater for group 2 (1.9 mm) compared with group 1  (1.2 mm). Mean plate distance to the volar rim did not differ (5.1  mm vs 5.3 mm). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of hardware removal in our series was 10%. The vast majority of @entity0 had Soong grade 1 prominence. @entity0 who had hardware removed had a greater plate prominence volar to the critical line. Plate distance to the volar rim was not associated with removal. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic II.

title: Incidence of Hardware Removal Following Volar Plate Fixation of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide that has many biomedical applications. We compared the effects of chitosan, in both solution and membranous form, on intercellular adhesion of @entity0 @entity0 fibroblasts. Cells were grown as spheroidal cell cultures. Some control cell spheroids were cultured without chitosan and two experimental groups were cultured with chitosan. Chitosan in solution was used for one experimental group and chitosan in membranous form was used for the other. For each group, intercellular adhesion was investigated on days 5 and 10 of culture. Transmission electron microscopy revealed well-defined cellular projections that were more prominent in cells exposed to either membranous or solution forms of chitosan than to the chitosan-free control. Immunocytochemical staining of @entity5 and @entity4 was used to determine the development of intercellular junctions. Compared to the weakly stained control, strong reactions were observed in both chitosan exposed groups at both 5 and 10 days. Cells were treated with @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and incubated with anti- @entity2 primary antibody to assess proliferation. Both the solution and membranous forms of chitosan increased proliferation at both 5 and 10 days. Cellular viability was assessed using @entity3 ( @entity1 ). The @entity1 assay indicated high cell viability; maximum viability was obtained with the solution form of chitosan at day 5. Chitosan exposure increased the number of intercellular junctions and showed a significant proliferative effect on 3T3 @entity0 fibroblasts.

title: Effects of different forms of chitosan on intercellular junctions of XXXX fibroblasts in vitro.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Expanded testing for @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is increasingly recommended for @entity0 with @entity2 , and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for @entity1 loss of mismatch-repair (MMR) protein expression is the most common primary screen. This has led to the recognition of MMR-IHC-deficient cases without identifiable mutations on directed germline sequencing. The clinical implications of such " @entity1 are unclear. We here report the clinicopathologic features of putative familial @entity2 identified on universal MMR-IHC screening with attention to cases with discordant IHC and germline results. The files of the University of Virginia Pathology Department were retrospectively searched for all MMR-deficient @entity2 identified on screening. Cases were categorized as likely sporadic ( @entity6 / @entity7 loss, evidence of @entity6 promoter hypermethylation) or @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (loss of @entity4 / @entity5 , @entity5 , or @entity7 ). @entity3 cases were further subdivided into @entity3 and LL groups on the basis of the presence or absence of a confirmatory mutation by germline testing, and the clinicopathologic features of these cases were compared. A deficiency of >= 1 MMR protein was observed in 31.4% (66/210) of @entity2 , including 26 @entity3 cases, 15 of which had germline testing. Directed germline sequencing confirmed @entity3 in 46.7% (7/15); the remaining cases were classified as LL. High-grade and/or biphasic morphology was seen in 42.9% (3/7) of @entity3 and 62.5% (5/8) of LL cases; the remaining cases showed low-grade, conventional endometrioid morphology. High level microsatellite instability was observed in 71.4% (5/7) of LL cases. The majority of cases from both groups ( @entity3 : 85.7% [6/7]; LL: 87.5% [7/8]) were low-stage (T1a/T1b). @entity2 was the presenting @entity1 in 85.7% (6/7) of @entity3 @entity0 and 87.5% (7/8) of LL @entity0 . Family history was suggestive of @entity3 in 28.5% (2/7) of @entity3 @entity0 and 12.5% (1/8) of LL @entity0 . Screening algorithms based on age and @entity1 history would have failed to identify @entity3 @entity0 in 57.1% (4/7) of cases. Although universal MMR-IHC identifies @entity2 @entity0 with @entity3 who would have been missed using targeted screening algorithms, it also identifies @entity1 with discordant IHC and germline results for which the somatic versus germline origin of the MMR defect is unclear. Further study of this LL group is required before drawing definitive conclusions about their @entity1 risk.

title: Clinicopathologic Comparison of Lynch Syndrome-associated and "Lynch-like" XXXX Identified on Universal Screening Using Mismatch Repair Protein Immunohistochemistry.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 @entity4 dislocations in @entity0 and adolescents require prompt concentric reduction. Incomplete reduction with or without retained osteochondral fragments has traditionally been addressed with open reduction. We report on the use of arthroscopy to remove loose bodies and reduce enfolded soft tissues to obtain concentric reduction in the pediatric and adolescent population. Specific note is made of underlying pathology and arthroscopic intervention. METHODS: After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval, we performed a retrospective review of @entity0 under the age of 19 who were treated with @entity4 arthroscopy following @entity4 reduction at a single @entity0 's hospital from 2006 to 2013. Clinic notes, operative reports, radiographic images, and arthroscopic photographs were reviewed. RESULTS: Seven @entity0 were identified (aged 8 to 17) who underwent @entity4 arthroscopy after a @entity4 . Intra-articular bone fragments were found in 6 of 7 @entity0 and 5 of 7 @entity0 had an incongruent @entity4 joint identified by imaging before surgery. The predominant pathology was @entity2 of a small bony fragment attached to the posterior capsular labral soft-tissue complex, which became enfolded and blocked reduction (5 of 7 @entity0 ). In all cases, the enfolded soft tissue was reduced without soft tissue or bone repair. @entity6 were removed, and in 2 cases an avulsed ligamentum teres was debrided. Average follow-up was 10 months. No @entity5 or recurrent instability was identified in any case. CONCLUSIONS: When incongruent @entity4 were arthroscopically evaluated after @entity1 , a consistent pattern of interposition of avulsed posterior bone fragment with attached capsule and labrum was found. Reduction of the capsulolabral complex without repair provided satisfactory short-term outcomes. Arthroscopic treatment of such cases was effective and well tolerated and could lead to considerably less postoperative @entity3 and surgical morbidity than open surgical treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV-case series.

title: Arthroscopic Treatment of XXXX Hip Dislocations in @entity0 and Adolescents: A Preliminary Study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity1 @entity4 dislocations in @entity0 and adolescents require prompt concentric reduction. Incomplete reduction with or without retained osteochondral fragments has traditionally been addressed with open reduction. We report on the use of arthroscopy to remove loose bodies and reduce enfolded soft tissues to obtain concentric reduction in the pediatric and adolescent population. Specific note is made of underlying pathology and arthroscopic intervention. METHODS: After obtaining Institutional Review Board approval, we performed a retrospective review of @entity0 under the age of 19 who were treated with @entity4 arthroscopy following @entity4 reduction at a single @entity0 's hospital from 2006 to 2013. Clinic notes, operative reports, radiographic images, and arthroscopic photographs were reviewed. RESULTS: Seven @entity0 were identified (aged 8 to 17) who underwent @entity4 arthroscopy after a @entity4 . Intra-articular bone fragments were found in 6 of 7 @entity0 and 5 of 7 @entity0 had an incongruent @entity4 joint identified by imaging before surgery. The predominant pathology was @entity2 of a small bony fragment attached to the posterior capsular labral soft-tissue complex, which became enfolded and blocked reduction (5 of 7 @entity0 ). In all cases, the enfolded soft tissue was reduced without soft tissue or bone repair. @entity6 were removed, and in 2 cases an avulsed ligamentum teres was debrided. Average follow-up was 10 months. No @entity5 or recurrent instability was identified in any case. CONCLUSIONS: When incongruent @entity4 were arthroscopically evaluated after @entity1 , a consistent pattern of interposition of avulsed posterior bone fragment with attached capsule and labrum was found. Reduction of the capsulolabral complex without repair provided satisfactory short-term outcomes. Arthroscopic treatment of such cases was effective and well tolerated and could lead to considerably less postoperative @entity3 and surgical morbidity than open surgical treatment. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV-case series.

title: Arthroscopic Treatment of @entity1 Hip Dislocations in XXXX and Adolescents: A Preliminary Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a cognitive screening tool used by practitioners worldwide. The efficacy of the MoCA for screening @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity2 is unknown. The objectives were: (1) to determine whether the MoCA detects @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity5 subjects; (2) to determine whether @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity5 subtypes and @entity2 can be parsed using the MoCA; and (3) describe longitudinal MoCA performance by subtype. We extracted demographic and testing data from a database of @entity0 referred to a cognitive neurology clinic who met criteria for probable @entity3 or @entity5 (N=192). Logistic regression was used to determine whether @entity4 subtypes were associated with overall scores, subscores, or combinations of subscores on the MoCA. Initial MoCA results demonstrated @entity1 in the majority of @entity5 subjects (87%). @entity5 subjects (N=94) performed better than @entity3 subjects (N=98) on the MoCA (mean scores: 18.1 vs. 16.3; P=0.02). Subscores parsed many, but not all subtypes. @entity5 subjects had a larger decline on the MoCA within 13 to 36 months than @entity3 subjects (P=0.02). The results indicate that the MoCA is a useful tool to identify and track progression of @entity1 in @entity5 . Further, the data informs future research on scoring models for the MoCA to enhance cognitive screening and detection of @entity5 @entity0 .

title: Detection and Differentiation of Frontotemporal @entity4 and XXXX From @entity3 Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a cognitive screening tool used by practitioners worldwide. The efficacy of the MoCA for screening @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity2 is unknown. The objectives were: (1) to determine whether the MoCA detects @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity5 subjects; (2) to determine whether @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity5 subtypes and @entity2 can be parsed using the MoCA; and (3) describe longitudinal MoCA performance by subtype. We extracted demographic and testing data from a database of @entity0 referred to a cognitive neurology clinic who met criteria for probable @entity3 or @entity5 (N=192). Logistic regression was used to determine whether @entity4 subtypes were associated with overall scores, subscores, or combinations of subscores on the MoCA. Initial MoCA results demonstrated @entity1 in the majority of @entity5 subjects (87%). @entity5 subjects (N=94) performed better than @entity3 subjects (N=98) on the MoCA (mean scores: 18.1 vs. 16.3; P=0.02). Subscores parsed many, but not all subtypes. @entity5 subjects had a larger decline on the MoCA within 13 to 36 months than @entity3 subjects (P=0.02). The results indicate that the MoCA is a useful tool to identify and track progression of @entity1 in @entity5 . Further, the data informs future research on scoring models for the MoCA to enhance cognitive screening and detection of @entity5 @entity0 .

title: Detection and Differentiation of Frontotemporal @entity4 and @entity2 From XXXX Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a cognitive screening tool used by practitioners worldwide. The efficacy of the MoCA for screening @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity2 is unknown. The objectives were: (1) to determine whether the MoCA detects @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in @entity5 subjects; (2) to determine whether @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity5 subtypes and @entity2 can be parsed using the MoCA; and (3) describe longitudinal MoCA performance by subtype. We extracted demographic and testing data from a database of @entity0 referred to a cognitive neurology clinic who met criteria for probable @entity3 or @entity5 (N=192). Logistic regression was used to determine whether @entity4 subtypes were associated with overall scores, subscores, or combinations of subscores on the MoCA. Initial MoCA results demonstrated @entity1 in the majority of @entity5 subjects (87%). @entity5 subjects (N=94) performed better than @entity3 subjects (N=98) on the MoCA (mean scores: 18.1 vs. 16.3; P=0.02). Subscores parsed many, but not all subtypes. @entity5 subjects had a larger decline on the MoCA within 13 to 36 months than @entity3 subjects (P=0.02). The results indicate that the MoCA is a useful tool to identify and track progression of @entity1 in @entity5 . Further, the data informs future research on scoring models for the MoCA to enhance cognitive screening and detection of @entity5 @entity0 .

title: Detection and Differentiation of Frontotemporal XXXX and @entity2 From @entity3 Using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a @entity2 , involving several monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems resulting in a broad range of motor and non-motor symptoms. Pathological hallmarks of @entity4 are the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the accumulation of @entity9 , however also being present in the serotonergic raphe nuclei early in the disease course. The dysfunction of the serotonergic system projecting to the hippocampus may contribute to early non-motor symptoms such as @entity3 and @entity5 . The adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), a unique niche of the forebrain continuously generating new neurons, may particularly present enhanced susceptibility towards accumulating @entity9 levels. The underlying molecular mechanisms in the context of neuronal maturation and survival of new-born neurons are yet not well understood. To characterize the effects of overexpression of @entity0 full-length @entity9 on hippocampal cellular and synaptic plasticity, we used a recently generated BAC @entity9 transgenic @entity1 model showing important features of @entity4 such as widespread and progressive @entity9 aggregation pathology, @entity7 loss and age-dependent motor decline. At the age of four months, thus prior to the occurrence of the motor phenotype, we observed a profoundly impaired dendritogenesis of neuroblasts in the hippocampal DG resulting in severely reduced survival of adult new-born neurons. Diminished neurogenesis concurred with a serotonergic deficit in the hippocampus as defined by reduced levels of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) 1B receptor, decreased @entity6 neurotransmitter levels, and a loss of serotonergic nerve terminals innervating the DG/ @entity8 subfield, while the number of serotonergic neurons in the raphe nuclei remained unchanged. Moreover, @entity9 overexpression reduced proteins involved in vesicle release, in particular @entity10 and @entity11 ), in conjunction with an altered ultrastructural architecture of hippocampal synapses. Importantly, BAC @entity9 @entity1 showed an early @entity3 -like phenotype consisting of reduced exploratory behavior and feeding. Taken together, these findings imply that accumulating @entity9 severely affects hippocampal neurogenesis paralleled by impaired @entity6 neurotransmission prior to the onset of aggregation pathology and overt motor deficits in this transgenic @entity1 model of @entity4 .

title: Severely impaired hippocampal neurogenesis associates with an early serotonergic deficit in a BAC a-synuclein transgenic @entity1 model of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ) is a @entity2 , involving several monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems resulting in a broad range of motor and non-motor symptoms. Pathological hallmarks of @entity4 are the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the accumulation of @entity9 , however also being present in the serotonergic raphe nuclei early in the disease course. The dysfunction of the serotonergic system projecting to the hippocampus may contribute to early non-motor symptoms such as @entity3 and @entity5 . The adult hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), a unique niche of the forebrain continuously generating new neurons, may particularly present enhanced susceptibility towards accumulating @entity9 levels. The underlying molecular mechanisms in the context of neuronal maturation and survival of new-born neurons are yet not well understood. To characterize the effects of overexpression of @entity0 full-length @entity9 on hippocampal cellular and synaptic plasticity, we used a recently generated BAC @entity9 transgenic @entity1 model showing important features of @entity4 such as widespread and progressive @entity9 aggregation pathology, @entity7 loss and age-dependent motor decline. At the age of four months, thus prior to the occurrence of the motor phenotype, we observed a profoundly impaired dendritogenesis of neuroblasts in the hippocampal DG resulting in severely reduced survival of adult new-born neurons. Diminished neurogenesis concurred with a serotonergic deficit in the hippocampus as defined by reduced levels of @entity6 ( @entity6 ) 1B receptor, decreased @entity6 neurotransmitter levels, and a loss of serotonergic nerve terminals innervating the DG/ @entity8 subfield, while the number of serotonergic neurons in the raphe nuclei remained unchanged. Moreover, @entity9 overexpression reduced proteins involved in vesicle release, in particular @entity10 and @entity11 ), in conjunction with an altered ultrastructural architecture of hippocampal synapses. Importantly, BAC @entity9 @entity1 showed an early @entity3 -like phenotype consisting of reduced exploratory behavior and feeding. Taken together, these findings imply that accumulating @entity9 severely affects hippocampal neurogenesis paralleled by impaired @entity6 neurotransmission prior to the onset of aggregation pathology and overt motor deficits in this transgenic @entity1 model of @entity4 .

title: Severely impaired hippocampal neurogenesis associates with an early serotonergic deficit in a BAC a-synuclein transgenic XXXX model of @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: In 2012 the AUA (American Urological Association) released a revision of the asymptomatic microscopic @entity4 guidelines. Our study objectives were to assess adherence to these guidelines and describe the prevalence of urinary tract malignancy in postmenopausal @entity0 at our institution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional analysis of @entity0 older than 55 years evaluated at the Division of Urogynecology or Urology from August 2012 to August 2014 for a diagnosis of asymptomatic microscopic @entity4 . @entity0 who underwent evaluation for 3 or more red blood cells per high power field on microscopic urinalysis were considered to have true asymptomatic microscopic @entity4 . Those evaluated after a dipstick test with blood who had fewer than 3 red blood cells per high power field on urinalysis or no urinalysis were considered positive dipstick. Demographics, laboratory values, imaging results and cystoscopy findings were extracted from electronic medical records. RESULTS: Our study population included 237 @entity0 with a mean    SD age of 67.1     8.3 years. In our overall population 169 of 237 @entity0 (71.3%) had true asymptomatic microscopic @entity4 , 48 (20.3%) had a positive dipstick test and 20 (8.4%) underwent evaluation in the setting of @entity2 . We detected 3 urinary tract malignancies (1.4%). One @entity3 was identified in a 56-year-old current smoker with a urine dipstick result of 1+ blood. @entity1 was detected in a 58-year old smoker with 6 red blood cells per high power field on urinalysis and in a 64-year-old nonsmoker with 42 red blood cells per high power field on urinalysis. CONCLUSIONS: In postmenopausal @entity0 evaluated for asymptomatic microscopic @entity4 the overall prevalence of urinary tract malignancy was low at 1.4%. Of our population 28.7% underwent evaluation without meeting guideline criteria for asymptomatic microscopic @entity4 . This demonstrates an opportunity to improve adherence to existing guidelines to provide high quality care and avoid unnecessary expensive testing.

title: Microhematuria in Postmenopausal XXXX : Adherence to Guidelines in a Tertiary Care Setting.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: We aimed to examine microvolt T wave alternans (MTWA) in 24-hour Holter electrocardiography (ECG) of @entity0 with repaired @entity1 ( @entity1 ) to assess associations of MTWA with @entity2 , ECG parameters, and echocardiographic findings. METHODS: Holter ECG records and archive files of 56 repaired @entity1 @entity0 (62.5% male) who were analyzed retrospectively. Subjects' ECG parameters and MTWA values were compared with age-sex-matched control group. T wave changes were analyzed by time-domain-modified moving average method from the three channels of 24-hour Holter ECG. RESULTS: Mean age was 123.4    48.3 months. Median MTWA value was 55.5  V in the control group, whereas 95.5  V in @entity0 group (P < 0.001). A significant weak positive correlation was found between the presence of @entity4 and @entity3 . There was no correlation between ECG parameters, echocardiographic findings, and MTWA. CONCLUSIONS: MTWA was increased in @entity0 with repaired @entity1 as reported before. To our knowledge, this is the first study analyzing MTWA with 24-hour Holter ECG in repaired @entity1 @entity0 .

title: Assessment of Microvolt T Wave Alternans in XXXX with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot during 24-Hour Holter Electrocardiography.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Growth and secretion of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 (PRL) in ewe @entity1 exposed to @entity0 during fetal development were investigated. @entity2 was administered to the pregnant dams from approximately Days 28 to 84 of gestation. Ewe @entity1 from dams that received @entity0 exhibited masculinized external genitalia and some masculine behavioral characteristics. Intact androgenized ewe @entity1 grew faster (P less than 0.05) and were more efficient in conversion of food to body gain (P less than 0.05) than ewe @entity1 born to untreated dams over the period from 70 to 224 days of age. One-half of the ewe @entity1 in each group was ovariectomized at 58 days of age. Ovariectomy had no effect on subsequent growth or efficiency of growth in the control ewe @entity1 . However, ovariectomy of androgenized ewe @entity1 abolished the observed stimulated rate of growth and decreased the improvement in efficiency of food conversion. Blood samples were collected from the @entity1 at 85 and 136 days of age at 15-min intervals for 8 hr to determine parameters of @entity3 and PRL secretion. Prenatal @entity0 exposure had no effect on any parameter of @entity3 or PRL secretion. These data indicate that prenatal @entity0 exposure altered differentiation of growth potential in ewe @entity1 , but the growth response was not mediated through dramatic changes in secretion of adenohypophysial somatotropic hormones, @entity3 and PRL.

title: Prenatal @entity0 exposure and growth and secretion of XXXX and @entity4 in ewes postweaning.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Growth and secretion of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 (PRL) in ewe @entity1 exposed to @entity0 during fetal development were investigated. @entity2 was administered to the pregnant dams from approximately Days 28 to 84 of gestation. Ewe @entity1 from dams that received @entity0 exhibited masculinized external genitalia and some masculine behavioral characteristics. Intact androgenized ewe @entity1 grew faster (P less than 0.05) and were more efficient in conversion of food to body gain (P less than 0.05) than ewe @entity1 born to untreated dams over the period from 70 to 224 days of age. One-half of the ewe @entity1 in each group was ovariectomized at 58 days of age. Ovariectomy had no effect on subsequent growth or efficiency of growth in the control ewe @entity1 . However, ovariectomy of androgenized ewe @entity1 abolished the observed stimulated rate of growth and decreased the improvement in efficiency of food conversion. Blood samples were collected from the @entity1 at 85 and 136 days of age at 15-min intervals for 8 hr to determine parameters of @entity3 and PRL secretion. Prenatal @entity0 exposure had no effect on any parameter of @entity3 or PRL secretion. These data indicate that prenatal @entity0 exposure altered differentiation of growth potential in ewe @entity1 , but the growth response was not mediated through dramatic changes in secretion of adenohypophysial somatotropic hormones, @entity3 and PRL.

title: Prenatal @entity0 exposure and growth and secretion of @entity3 and XXXX in ewes postweaning.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Growth and secretion of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and @entity4 (PRL) in ewe @entity1 exposed to @entity0 during fetal development were investigated. @entity2 was administered to the pregnant dams from approximately Days 28 to 84 of gestation. Ewe @entity1 from dams that received @entity0 exhibited masculinized external genitalia and some masculine behavioral characteristics. Intact androgenized ewe @entity1 grew faster (P less than 0.05) and were more efficient in conversion of food to body gain (P less than 0.05) than ewe @entity1 born to untreated dams over the period from 70 to 224 days of age. One-half of the ewe @entity1 in each group was ovariectomized at 58 days of age. Ovariectomy had no effect on subsequent growth or efficiency of growth in the control ewe @entity1 . However, ovariectomy of androgenized ewe @entity1 abolished the observed stimulated rate of growth and decreased the improvement in efficiency of food conversion. Blood samples were collected from the @entity1 at 85 and 136 days of age at 15-min intervals for 8 hr to determine parameters of @entity3 and PRL secretion. Prenatal @entity0 exposure had no effect on any parameter of @entity3 or PRL secretion. These data indicate that prenatal @entity0 exposure altered differentiation of growth potential in ewe @entity1 , but the growth response was not mediated through dramatic changes in secretion of adenohypophysial somatotropic hormones, @entity3 and PRL.

title: Prenatal XXXX exposure and growth and secretion of @entity3 and @entity4 in ewes postweaning.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 (P), which is the major secretory product of the corpus luteum (CL) is the key hormone of pregnancy. CL defects that cause P to be secreted for too brief a period or at too low a rate are associated with an underdeveloped or inadequate endometrium which is incapable of supporting pregnancy. Some investigators, therefore, have recommended the use of exogenous P support in chronic @entity1 @entity0 who wish to conceive. However, the mechanisms by which P regulates endometrial function are poorly understood and there is no suitable, non-invasive method to monitor in individual @entity0 the endometrial response to either endogenous or exogenous @entity2 . We therefore initiated a search for @entity2 -dependent endometrial protein(s) which might serve as a marker to assess effects of @entity3 therapy on endometrial function, and which might also afford insight into the mechanism of P action. We have detected a hormone-dependent endometrial protein designated @entity4 . @entity4 is a glycoprotein (molecular weight approximately 47,000) which is synthesized in the endometrial glands and secreted into the blood. Its synthesis increases dramatically during pregnancy, as indicated by a more than 1000-fold greater @entity4 concentration in the decidua. @entity4 is not synthesized by the immature placenta, but binds to placental cell membranes. In normally cycling women, the serum @entity4 concentration increases in an exponential manner during the late luteal phase. In cycling infertile @entity0 , a direct relationship was found to exist between serum @entity4 levels they attained in the late luteal phase and their endometrial development, the serum levels being subnormal in @entity0 with inadequate endometrium. Menstrual cycles that are anovulatory or with a @entity1 are associated with low luteal phase serum @entity4 levels. In both pre- and post-menopausal women, serum @entity4 levels increase following a @entity3 challenge, demonstrating that @entity4 is indeed a @entity3 -dependent protein. Very low luteal phase serum @entity4 levels are encountered in some @entity0 who do not conceive following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/EF), suggesting that endometrial inadequacy is a major cause of failure in this procedure. In @entity0 who undergo ovarian stimulation by exogenous hormones but do not conceive following IVF/ET, luteal phase serum @entity4 levels are markedly higher in those who receive luteal phase P support than those with no support.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: XXXX -dependent @entity0 endometrial protein: a marker for monitoring @entity0 endometrial function.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity2 (P), which is the major secretory product of the corpus luteum (CL) is the key hormone of pregnancy. CL defects that cause P to be secreted for too brief a period or at too low a rate are associated with an underdeveloped or inadequate endometrium which is incapable of supporting pregnancy. Some investigators, therefore, have recommended the use of exogenous P support in chronic @entity1 @entity0 who wish to conceive. However, the mechanisms by which P regulates endometrial function are poorly understood and there is no suitable, non-invasive method to monitor in individual @entity0 the endometrial response to either endogenous or exogenous @entity2 . We therefore initiated a search for @entity2 -dependent endometrial protein(s) which might serve as a marker to assess effects of @entity3 therapy on endometrial function, and which might also afford insight into the mechanism of P action. We have detected a hormone-dependent endometrial protein designated @entity4 . @entity4 is a glycoprotein (molecular weight approximately 47,000) which is synthesized in the endometrial glands and secreted into the blood. Its synthesis increases dramatically during pregnancy, as indicated by a more than 1000-fold greater @entity4 concentration in the decidua. @entity4 is not synthesized by the immature placenta, but binds to placental cell membranes. In normally cycling women, the serum @entity4 concentration increases in an exponential manner during the late luteal phase. In cycling infertile @entity0 , a direct relationship was found to exist between serum @entity4 levels they attained in the late luteal phase and their endometrial development, the serum levels being subnormal in @entity0 with inadequate endometrium. Menstrual cycles that are anovulatory or with a @entity1 are associated with low luteal phase serum @entity4 levels. In both pre- and post-menopausal women, serum @entity4 levels increase following a @entity3 challenge, demonstrating that @entity4 is indeed a @entity3 -dependent protein. Very low luteal phase serum @entity4 levels are encountered in some @entity0 who do not conceive following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/EF), suggesting that endometrial inadequacy is a major cause of failure in this procedure. In @entity0 who undergo ovarian stimulation by exogenous hormones but do not conceive following IVF/ET, luteal phase serum @entity4 levels are markedly higher in those who receive luteal phase P support than those with no support.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity3 -dependent XXXX endometrial protein: a marker for monitoring @entity0 endometrial function.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 (P), which is the major secretory product of the corpus luteum (CL) is the key hormone of pregnancy. CL defects that cause P to be secreted for too brief a period or at too low a rate are associated with an underdeveloped or inadequate endometrium which is incapable of supporting pregnancy. Some investigators, therefore, have recommended the use of exogenous P support in chronic @entity1 @entity0 who wish to conceive. However, the mechanisms by which P regulates endometrial function are poorly understood and there is no suitable, non-invasive method to monitor in individual @entity0 the endometrial response to either endogenous or exogenous @entity2 . We therefore initiated a search for @entity2 -dependent endometrial protein(s) which might serve as a marker to assess effects of @entity3 therapy on endometrial function, and which might also afford insight into the mechanism of P action. We have detected a hormone-dependent endometrial protein designated @entity4 . @entity4 is a glycoprotein (molecular weight approximately 47,000) which is synthesized in the endometrial glands and secreted into the blood. Its synthesis increases dramatically during pregnancy, as indicated by a more than 1000-fold greater @entity4 concentration in the decidua. @entity4 is not synthesized by the immature placenta, but binds to placental cell membranes. In normally cycling women, the serum @entity4 concentration increases in an exponential manner during the late luteal phase. In cycling infertile @entity0 , a direct relationship was found to exist between serum @entity4 levels they attained in the late luteal phase and their endometrial development, the serum levels being subnormal in @entity0 with inadequate endometrium. Menstrual cycles that are anovulatory or with a @entity1 are associated with low luteal phase serum @entity4 levels. In both pre- and post-menopausal women, serum @entity4 levels increase following a @entity3 challenge, demonstrating that @entity4 is indeed a @entity3 -dependent protein. Very low luteal phase serum @entity4 levels are encountered in some @entity0 who do not conceive following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/EF), suggesting that endometrial inadequacy is a major cause of failure in this procedure. In @entity0 who undergo ovarian stimulation by exogenous hormones but do not conceive following IVF/ET, luteal phase serum @entity4 levels are markedly higher in those who receive luteal phase P support than those with no support.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: @entity3 -dependent @entity0 endometrial protein: a marker for monitoring XXXX endometrial function.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Rosette strain gage, electromyography (EMG), and cineradiographic techniques were used to analyze loading patterns and jaw movements during mastication in @entity1 . The cineradiographic data indicate that macaques generally swallow frequently throughout a chewing sequence, and these swallows are intercalated into a chewing cycle towards the end of a power @entity0 . The bone strain and jaw movement data indicate that during vigorous mastication the transition between fast close and the power @entity0 is correlated with a sharp increase in masticatory force, and they also show that in most instances the jaws of macaques are maximally loaded prior to maximum intercuspation, i.e. during phase I (buccal phase) occlusal movements. Moreover, these data indicate that loads during phase II (lingual phase) occlusal movements are ordinarily relatively small. The bone strain data also suggest that the duration of unloading of the jaw during the power @entity0 of mastication is largely a function of the relaxation time of the jaw adductors. This interpretation is based on the finding that the duration from 100% peak strain to 50% peak strain during unloading closely approximates the half-relaxation time of whole adductor jaw muscles of macaques. The EMG data of the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles have important implications for understanding both the biomechanics of the power @entity0 and the external forces responsible for the "wishboning" effect that takes place along the mandibular symphysis and corpus during the power @entity0 of mastication. Although both medial pterygoid muscles reach maximum EMG activity during the power @entity0 , the activity of the working-side medial pterygoid peaks after the balancing-side medial pterygoid. Associated with the simultaneous increase of force of the working-side medial pterygoid and the decrease of force of the balancing-side medial pterygoid is the persistently high level of EMG activity of the balancing-side deep masseter (posterior portion). This pattern is of considerable significance because the direction of force of both the working-side medial pterygoid and the balancing-side deep masseter are well aligned to aid in driving the working-side lower molars across the upper molars in the medial direction during unilateral mastication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Loading patterns and jaw movements during mastication in XXXX : a bone-strain, electromyographic, and cineradiographic analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To answer some of the as yet unresolved questions about the formation, metabolism, and release of @entity6 catabolites in @entity2 myocardium, we compared their release from isolated @entity1 hearts during hypoperfusion, @entity2 , and after @entity0 , with and without @entity4 -transport inhibition. Results provide evidence to suggest the following. Besides the supply-to-demand ratio for O2, other factors may affect the formation of @entity3 . The myocyte is the major source of @entity6 catabolites. @entity3 is not produced within the myocyte. Once in the interstitium, @entity3 is (largely) taken up in the endothelial cells, where it is catabolized to @entity7 and @entity5 and released that way into the lumen. Some of the @entity3 can reach the lumen unchanged through clefts. @entity4 transport inhibition prevents the escape through the endothelial cells and thus the formation and release of @entity7 and @entity5 . As a consequence, more @entity3 will accumulate in the interstitium and more will reach the lumen through the clefts. The pathway, as proposed, explains the long known paradox of increased extracellular levels of @entity3 after inhibition of @entity4 transport.

title: Formation and release of @entity6 catabolites during hypoperfusion, XXXX , and @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: To answer some of the as yet unresolved questions about the formation, metabolism, and release of @entity6 catabolites in @entity2 myocardium, we compared their release from isolated @entity1 hearts during hypoperfusion, @entity2 , and after @entity0 , with and without @entity4 -transport inhibition. Results provide evidence to suggest the following. Besides the supply-to-demand ratio for O2, other factors may affect the formation of @entity3 . The myocyte is the major source of @entity6 catabolites. @entity3 is not produced within the myocyte. Once in the interstitium, @entity3 is (largely) taken up in the endothelial cells, where it is catabolized to @entity7 and @entity5 and released that way into the lumen. Some of the @entity3 can reach the lumen unchanged through clefts. @entity4 transport inhibition prevents the escape through the endothelial cells and thus the formation and release of @entity7 and @entity5 . As a consequence, more @entity3 will accumulate in the interstitium and more will reach the lumen through the clefts. The pathway, as proposed, explains the long known paradox of increased extracellular levels of @entity3 after inhibition of @entity4 transport.

title: Formation and release of XXXX catabolites during hypoperfusion, @entity2 , and @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: To answer some of the as yet unresolved questions about the formation, metabolism, and release of @entity6 catabolites in @entity2 myocardium, we compared their release from isolated @entity1 hearts during hypoperfusion, @entity2 , and after @entity0 , with and without @entity4 -transport inhibition. Results provide evidence to suggest the following. Besides the supply-to-demand ratio for O2, other factors may affect the formation of @entity3 . The myocyte is the major source of @entity6 catabolites. @entity3 is not produced within the myocyte. Once in the interstitium, @entity3 is (largely) taken up in the endothelial cells, where it is catabolized to @entity7 and @entity5 and released that way into the lumen. Some of the @entity3 can reach the lumen unchanged through clefts. @entity4 transport inhibition prevents the escape through the endothelial cells and thus the formation and release of @entity7 and @entity5 . As a consequence, more @entity3 will accumulate in the interstitium and more will reach the lumen through the clefts. The pathway, as proposed, explains the long known paradox of increased extracellular levels of @entity3 after inhibition of @entity4 transport.

title: Formation and release of @entity6 catabolites during hypoperfusion, @entity2 , and XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2 receptors are expressed in approximately 70% of @entity3 . @entity4 is an oral antiprogestational agent reported to have modest activity in a phase II study. This multicenter, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial conducted by SWOG was planned to define the role of @entity4 in the treatment of unresectable @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive either @entity4 or placebo for 2 years unless disease progressed. @entity0 who were stable or responding to protocol therapy after 2 years had the option to continue with the same blinded therapy. Serial follow-up allowed assessment of efficacy and @entity1 . Time to treatment failure and overall survival were ascertained for all randomly assigned @entity0 . On progression, @entity0 receiving placebo could cross over and receive active drug. RESULTS: Among 164 eligible @entity0 , 80 were randomly assigned to @entity4 and 84 to placebo. Twenty-four @entity0 (30%) were able to complete 2 years of @entity4 without disease progression, adverse effects, or other reasons for discontinuation. Twenty-eight @entity0 (33%) in the placebo arm completed the 2-year study. There was no statistical difference between the arms in terms of failure-free or overall survival. CONCLUSION: Long-term administration of @entity4 was well tolerated but had no impact on @entity0 with unresectable @entity3 .

title: Double-Blind Phase III Randomized Trial of the Antiprogestin Agent @entity4 in the Treatment of Unresectable XXXX : SWOG S9005.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity2 receptors are expressed in approximately 70% of @entity3 . @entity4 is an oral antiprogestational agent reported to have modest activity in a phase II study. This multicenter, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III trial conducted by SWOG was planned to define the role of @entity4 in the treatment of unresectable @entity3 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Eligible @entity0 were randomly assigned to receive either @entity4 or placebo for 2 years unless disease progressed. @entity0 who were stable or responding to protocol therapy after 2 years had the option to continue with the same blinded therapy. Serial follow-up allowed assessment of efficacy and @entity1 . Time to treatment failure and overall survival were ascertained for all randomly assigned @entity0 . On progression, @entity0 receiving placebo could cross over and receive active drug. RESULTS: Among 164 eligible @entity0 , 80 were randomly assigned to @entity4 and 84 to placebo. Twenty-four @entity0 (30%) were able to complete 2 years of @entity4 without disease progression, adverse effects, or other reasons for discontinuation. Twenty-eight @entity0 (33%) in the placebo arm completed the 2-year study. There was no statistical difference between the arms in terms of failure-free or overall survival. CONCLUSION: Long-term administration of @entity4 was well tolerated but had no impact on @entity0 with unresectable @entity3 .

title: Double-Blind Phase III Randomized Trial of the Antiprogestin Agent XXXX in the Treatment of Unresectable @entity3 : SWOG S9005.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Injuries and violence are the primary causes of @entity2 among young @entity0 in the United States. In particular, in 1982-84 motor @entity1 , fires, drowning, and homicide were the leading external causes of @entity2 at ages 1-4 years and 5-9 years, accounting for nearly 80 percent of all @entity2 from external causes. The purpose of this article is to analyze race and sex differentials in @entity1 among young @entity0 . Race and sex differentials in injury mortality were measured in terms of relative risks, that is, race (black to white) and sex (male to female) mortality ratios. Race ratios for external causes ranged from 1.7 to 1.9 for @entity0 1-4 and 5-9, while sex ratios were somewhat lower, 1.4 to 1.8. Although race and sex ratios were relatively small for passenger-related motor vehicle fatalities (0.8 to 1.2) the ratios for pedestrian-related @entity1 were considerably greater (1.5 to 2.0). Race ratios for @entity2 caused by fires and homicide were particularly large (3.4 to 4.3). Mortality differences were also measured in terms of excess mortality. For each age-race group more than 65 percent of the overall excess @entity2 among males were due to external causes of @entity2 . Pedestrian-related motor @entity1 and drownings accounted for the largest proportion of excess @entity2 among males. At ages 1-4, 53 percent of the overall excess @entity2 among blacks were due to external causes. @entity2 caused by fires and homicide accounted for more than two-fifths of the excess in this age group. At ages 5-9, 81 percent of excess mortality among black males and 69 percent among black females were accounted for by external causes. Fires, pedestrian-related motor vehicle fatalities, and homicides accounted for nearly 65 percent of excess mortality among black @entity0 .There has been a 30 percent decline in @entity2 rates from all external causes between 1972-74 and 1982-84. Pedestrian-related motor @entity2 rates declined the most in both age groups.Mortality also declined in each age-race-sex group for passenger-related motor @entity1 , for drownings, and for fires except among black males ages 5-9. Homicide, in contrast, increased in both age groups. There has been little change, however,in the incidence of @entity1 among @entity0 . Thus,it appears that declines in fatalities accounted for a major portion of the mortality reduction.

title: XXXX among young @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Injuries and violence are the primary causes of @entity2 among young @entity0 in the United States. In particular, in 1982-84 motor @entity1 , fires, drowning, and homicide were the leading external causes of @entity2 at ages 1-4 years and 5-9 years, accounting for nearly 80 percent of all @entity2 from external causes. The purpose of this article is to analyze race and sex differentials in @entity1 among young @entity0 . Race and sex differentials in injury mortality were measured in terms of relative risks, that is, race (black to white) and sex (male to female) mortality ratios. Race ratios for external causes ranged from 1.7 to 1.9 for @entity0 1-4 and 5-9, while sex ratios were somewhat lower, 1.4 to 1.8. Although race and sex ratios were relatively small for passenger-related motor vehicle fatalities (0.8 to 1.2) the ratios for pedestrian-related @entity1 were considerably greater (1.5 to 2.0). Race ratios for @entity2 caused by fires and homicide were particularly large (3.4 to 4.3). Mortality differences were also measured in terms of excess mortality. For each age-race group more than 65 percent of the overall excess @entity2 among males were due to external causes of @entity2 . Pedestrian-related motor @entity1 and drownings accounted for the largest proportion of excess @entity2 among males. At ages 1-4, 53 percent of the overall excess @entity2 among blacks were due to external causes. @entity2 caused by fires and homicide accounted for more than two-fifths of the excess in this age group. At ages 5-9, 81 percent of excess mortality among black males and 69 percent among black females were accounted for by external causes. Fires, pedestrian-related motor vehicle fatalities, and homicides accounted for nearly 65 percent of excess mortality among black @entity0 .There has been a 30 percent decline in @entity2 rates from all external causes between 1972-74 and 1982-84. Pedestrian-related motor @entity2 rates declined the most in both age groups.Mortality also declined in each age-race-sex group for passenger-related motor @entity1 , for drownings, and for fires except among black males ages 5-9. Homicide, in contrast, increased in both age groups. There has been little change, however,in the incidence of @entity1 among @entity0 . Thus,it appears that declines in fatalities accounted for a major portion of the mortality reduction.

title: @entity1 among young XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the usefulness of the @entity6 ( @entity6 ) in @entity2 screening, detection of @entity7 and early @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study evaluated asymptomatic @entity0 with average risk (no personal or family antecedents of @entity5 or @entity2 ), aged between 50 and 74 years. The presence of the occult @entity3 was tested with the immunochemical faecal test Hem Check 1 (Veda Lab, France). The subjects were not requested to have any dietary or drug restrictions. Colonoscopy was recommended in all subjects that tested positive. RESULTS: In our study, we had a total of 1389 @entity0 who met the inclusion criteria, with a mean age of 61.2    12.8 years, 565 (40.7%) @entity0 and 824 (59.3%) @entity0 . @entity6 was positive in 87 individuals (6.3%). In 57/87 subjects (65.5%) with positive @entity6 , colonoscopy was performed, while the rest of the subjects refused or delayed the investigation. A number of 5 (8.8%) @entity0 were not able to have a complete colonoscopy, due to @entity1 . The colonoscopies revealed in 10 cases (0.7%) @entity1 , in 29 cases (2.1%) advanced @entity4 and in 15 cases (1.1%) non advanced @entity4 from the total @entity0 in the study. The colonoscopies performed revealed a greater percentage of advanced @entity4 in the left colon compared to the right colon, 74.1% vs. 28.6% (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In our study, @entity6 had a positivity rate of 6.3%. The detection rate for advanced @entity1 was 2.8% (0.7% for @entity1 , 2.1% for advanced @entity4 ) in our study group. Adherence to colonoscopy for @entity6 -positive subjects was 65.5%.

title: Results of faecal immunochemical test for XXXX screening, in average risk population, in a cohort of 1389 subjects.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A study of @entity0 genes coding for U4 small nuclear RNA is presented. It is known from previous studies that @entity0 cells contain three major U4 RNA species, designated @entity2 , @entity2 , and @entity2 (Krol and Branlant, 1981). A clone was isolated from a @entity0 DNA library which contained two transcriptionally active genes for U4 RNA. U4 transcription was sensitive to low concentrations of alpha-amanitin, inferring that U4 RNA is a product of RNA polymerase II or RNA polymerase II-like activity. One of the two genes contains a coding region which matches the sequence of @entity2 RNA perfectly. The coding region of the second gene resembles @entity2 RNA although there are two differences between the sequence of this gene and the @entity2 RNA sequence, suggesting that it may encode a minor, hitherto undetected U4 RNA species. The 5'-flanking regions of the two U4 genes contain several almost perfectly conserved sequence motifs. One is located between positions -50 and -60. This motif is present in equivalent positions in the two U4 genes as well as in @entity0 U1 and U2 genes. A second motif, which is 19 @entity1 (nt) long and centered around nt position -140, is present in the two U4 genes but absent from U2 RNA genes. A third highly conserved region, located between nt positions -210 and -250, is a putative enhancer element. It includes one copy of the so-called octanucleotide motif, previously identified as adjacent to the early SV40 promoter and immunoglobulin promoters. Another highly conserved sequence motif, CTCTGTGA, is located approximately one helical turn upstream from the octanucleotide motif in both U2 and U4 genes. The @entity0 genome appears to contain a family of U4 RNA genes comprising at least 100 copies.

title: Genes for XXXX U4 small nuclear RNA.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In the summer 1976, natural foci of @entity2 were discovered by the authors on the territory of the Mongolian @entity0 's Republic. In 1976-1983 the integrated research of these foci was conducted and maps of a structure of the geographical range of the pathogen were compiled taking into account the peculiarities of distribution of its carriers and vectors. Great gerbils are the only identified vertebrate hosts of @entity1 and their infection rate comes up to 100% in single foci. Three species of sandflies belonging to subgenus Paraphlebotomus, Ph. andrejevi, Ph. mongolensis and Ph. alexandri, are vectors of the pathogen in foci. The most common of them in burrows of gerbils is Ph. andrejevi. It was established by genetic and biochemical methods that two variants of @entity1 may circulate simultaneously in individual natural foci in the MPR, but both of them have a low virulence and are not dangerous for @entity0 .

title: Natural focality of XXXX in the Mongolian @entity0 's Republic; results and objectives of integrated research.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In the summer 1976, natural foci of @entity2 were discovered by the authors on the territory of the Mongolian @entity0 's Republic. In 1976-1983 the integrated research of these foci was conducted and maps of a structure of the geographical range of the pathogen were compiled taking into account the peculiarities of distribution of its carriers and vectors. Great gerbils are the only identified vertebrate hosts of @entity1 and their infection rate comes up to 100% in single foci. Three species of sandflies belonging to subgenus Paraphlebotomus, Ph. andrejevi, Ph. mongolensis and Ph. alexandri, are vectors of the pathogen in foci. The most common of them in burrows of gerbils is Ph. andrejevi. It was established by genetic and biochemical methods that two variants of @entity1 may circulate simultaneously in individual natural foci in the MPR, but both of them have a low virulence and are not dangerous for @entity0 .

title: Natural focality of @entity2 in the Mongolian XXXX 's Republic; results and objectives of integrated research.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: @entity1 can be prevented through the use of colonoscopy with polypectomy. Most @entity4 are benign or low grade @entity2 . However, currently all lesions need histopathologic analysis, which increases diagnostic costs and delays the final diagnosis. Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) is a new technology that enables real-time endomicroscopy. However, there are challenges to maintaining a stable image with currently available systems. We conducted a small study to obtain a preliminary assessment of whether the use of an endoscopic distal attachment cap may enhance image quality of CLE in comparison with images obtained with free-hand acquisition. @entity0 AND METHODS: Forty outpatients underwent colonoscopy for evaluation of @entity4 in a single academic medical center. @entity0 were assigned randomly to 1 of 2 study arms on the basis of whether an endoscopic distal attachment cap was used (n=21, Cap Used) or not used (n=19, No Cap) in the procedure. The quality of confocal images and probe stabilization was summarized. RESULTS: A total of 81 @entity3 were identified. The proportion of @entity3 with images of high quality was 74% (28/38) in the Cap Used group and 79% (30/38) in the No Cap arm. Image stability was also similar with and without a cap.Diagnostic accuracy was estimated to be slightly higher in the Cap Used group for probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE; 78% vs 70%). This was also true for white-light and narrow-band imaging. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary study did not yield any evidence to support that the use of an endoscopic distal attachment cap improves the quality of images obtained during CLE.

title: Use of endoscopic distal attachment cap to enhance image stabilization in probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: MLPA (Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification) is a semiquantitative molecular technique developed to uncover gross gene rearrangements in several monogenic diseases, including the @entity1 ( @entity2 ) caused by mutations in the @entity3 gene. Heterozygosity of the X chromosome in females makes it important to combine routine sequencing analysis with at least one allelic dosage assay (i.e. MLPA). We identified two new gross @entity3 gene rearrangements, which were not properly detected by MLPA in male @entity0 with @entity2 . In @entity0 1, routine sequencing did not amplify @entity3 exon 7. MLPA failed to confirm such deletion. An alternative allele dosage, based on the Quantitative Fluorescent Multiplex-PCR (QFM-PCR), confirmed the mutation in the proband and excluded it in the mother, revealing that the mutation was de novo in the proband. @entity0 2 harboured a gross @entity3 gene deletion encompassing almost the entire exon 5, the entire intron 5 and part of exon 6. MLPA confirmed the deletion of exon 5 but missed the partial deletion of exon 6. We characterised the breakpoint ( @entity4 ) and carried out screening for possible heterozygosity among at risk female family members. MLPA can miss some gross @entity3 gene rearrangements making the combination with other allele dosage assays mandatory to confirm or exclude @entity2 at the molecular level.

title: Pitfalls in the detection of gross gene rearrangements using MLPA in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE:     To investigate cranial base characteristics in @entity2 with @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS:     An electronic search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. A fixed- or random-effect model was applied to calculate weighted mean difference with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to statistical heterogeneity. Outcome measures were anterior, posterior, and total cranial base length and cranial base angle. Sensitivity analysis and publication bias were conducted. RESULTS:     Twenty studies that together included 1121 Class I, 1051 Class II, and 730 Class III cases qualified for the final analysis. @entity3 demonstrated significantly reduced anterior (95% CI: -1.74, -0.53; P < .001 vs Class I; 95% CI: -3.30, -2.09; P < .001 vs Class II) and total cranial base length (95% CI: -3.33, -1.36; P < .001 vs Class I; 95% CI: -7.38, -4.05; P < .001 vs Class II). Further, Class II @entity0 showed significantly greater anterior and total cranial base length than did Class I @entity0 (95% CI: 0.51, 1.87; P < .001 for SN; 95% CI: 2.20, 3.30; P < .001 for NBa). Cranial base angle was significantly smaller in Class III than in Class I (95% CI: -3.14, -0.93; P < .001 for NSBa; 95% CI: -2.73, -0.68; P = .001 for NSAr) and @entity4 (95% CI: -5.73, -1.06; P = .004 for NSBa; 95% CI: -6.11, -1.92; P < .001 for NSAr) and greater in Class II than in Class I @entity2 (95% CI: 1.38, 2.38; P < .001 for NSBa). CONCLUSIONS:     This meta-analysis showed that anterior and total cranial base length and cranial base angle were significantly smaller in @entity3 than in Class I and @entity4 , and that they were greater in Class II subjects compared to controls.

title: Cranial base characteristics in anteroposterior XXXX : A meta-analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There are very few published reports of @entity1 of an isolated posterior spinal artery (PSA) @entity3 , and consequently the optimal therapeutic strategy is debatable. An 84-year-old @entity0 presented with sudden onset of @entity5 . Neuroradiological imaging showed an @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with no visible @entity7 . Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected a localized subarachnoid @entity6 at Th10-11. Both contrast-enhanced spinal computed tomography and enhanced MRI and magnetic resonance angiography revealed an area of enhancement within the @entity6 . Superselective angiography of the left Th12 intercostal artery demonstrated a faintly enhanced spot in the venous phase. Thirteen days after the onset of symptoms, a small fusiform @entity3 situated on the radiculopial artery was resected. The @entity0 's postoperative course was uneventful and he was eventually discharged in an ambulatory condition. To our knowledge, this 84-year-old @entity0 is the oldest reported case of surgical management of a ruptured isolated @entity2 . This case illustrates both the validity and efficacy of this therapeutic approach.

title: Successfully Treated XXXX Causing @entity4 : Case Report.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: There are very few published reports of @entity1 of an isolated posterior spinal artery (PSA) @entity3 , and consequently the optimal therapeutic strategy is debatable. An 84-year-old @entity0 presented with sudden onset of @entity5 . Neuroradiological imaging showed an @entity4 ( @entity4 ) with no visible @entity7 . Spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detected a localized subarachnoid @entity6 at Th10-11. Both contrast-enhanced spinal computed tomography and enhanced MRI and magnetic resonance angiography revealed an area of enhancement within the @entity6 . Superselective angiography of the left Th12 intercostal artery demonstrated a faintly enhanced spot in the venous phase. Thirteen days after the onset of symptoms, a small fusiform @entity3 situated on the radiculopial artery was resected. The @entity0 's postoperative course was uneventful and he was eventually discharged in an ambulatory condition. To our knowledge, this 84-year-old @entity0 is the oldest reported case of surgical management of a ruptured isolated @entity2 . This case illustrates both the validity and efficacy of this therapeutic approach.

title: Successfully Treated @entity2 Causing XXXX : Case Report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: To study the interrelationship between myocardial @entity4 content, left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) function, morphological changes, and plasma @entity6 concentrations, 20 @entity0 with @entity3 underwent endomyocardial biopsy and ventricular angiography. The strongest correlation was found between LV ejection fraction (EF) and myocardial @entity4 content (r = 0.87; p less than 0.001). Myocardial @entity4 content was much weaker correlated to RV EF (r = .55; p less than 0.005), and no correlation was found to morphological changes or plasma @entity4 concentration. The hemodynamic and neurohumoral effects of @entity5 versus @entity7 after the first dose were compared in a crossover trial including 15 @entity0 with @entity3 . @entity5 induced increases in heart rate and cardiac index (p less than 0.01) and decreases in mean arterial pressure and pulmonary wedge pressure (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.005, respectively). These hemodynamic effects were associated with increased plasma @entity4 concentrations during upright exercise (p less than 0.05) and increased plasma @entity2 activity (p less than 0.01). After @entity7 , @entity4 plasma concentrations showed a tendency to lower levels during upright exercise, although mean arterial pressure decreased significantly (p less than 0.01). These data suggest that, in @entity0 with @entity3 , myocardial @entity4 depletion strongly reflects left @entity1 . The different patterns of neurohumoral response to @entity5 versus @entity7 may be important for their long-term effect and for the prognosis of @entity0 with @entity3 . It remains to be established whether the myocardial @entity6 content is differently influenced by either drug, and whether this effect is related to the drug response after long-term treatment.

title: Sympathetic activity in @entity3 . Influence of @entity7 and XXXX .

answer: @entity5