abstract: The present report was designed to investigate neural coding of taste information in the cerebral cortical taste area of @entity0 . The magnitude and/or type (excitatory, inhibitory, or no-response) of responses of 111 cortical neurons evoked by single concentrations of the four basic taste stimuli ( @entity1 , @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity3 @entity4 ) were subjected to four types of analyses in the context of the four proposed hypotheses of taste-quality coding: across-neuron response-pattern, labeled-line, matrix-pattern, and across-region response-pattern notions (88 histologically located neurons). An across-neuron response-pattern notion assumes that taste quality is coded by differential magnitudes of response across many neurons. This theory utilizes across-neuron correlation coefficients as a metric for the evaluation of taste quality coding. Across-neuron correlations between magnitudes of responses to any pairs of the four basic taste stimuli across 111 cortical neurons were very high and were similar. However, calculations made with net responses (spontaneous rate subtracted) resulted in less positive correlations but still similar values among the various pairs of taste stimuli. This finding suggests that across-neuron response patterns of cortical neurons become less discriminating among taste qualities compared with those of the lower-order neurons. A labeled-line notion assumes that there are identifiable groups of neurons and that taste quality is coded by activity in these particular sets of neurons. Some investigators have classified taste-responsive neurons into best-stimulus categories, depending on their best sensitivity to any one of the four basic stimuli, such as @entity1 -best, @entity2 -best, @entity4 -best, and @entity3 -best neurons; they have suggested that taste can be classified along four qualitative dimensions that correspond to these four neuron types (i.e., four labeled lines). The present study shows that responsiveness of each of the four best-stimulus neurons had similar profiles between peripheral and cortical levels. That is, when the stimuli were arranged along the abscissa in the order of @entity1 , @entity2 , @entity4 , and @entity3 , there is a peak response in one place, and the responses decreased gradually from the peak. However, such response characteristics do not favor the labeled-line theory, since they can be explained in the context of the across-neuron pattern theory. A matrix-pattern notion assumes that taste quality is coded by a spatially arranged matrix pattern of activated neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Gustatory responses of cortical neurons in XXXX . II. Information processing of taste quality.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The purpose of our study was to quantitate left @entity7 in the @entity0 of the @entity1 mother (IDM) through estimation of cardiac output by pulsed Doppler ultrasound. We evaluated 42 IDMs (White class B, C, or D) and compared them with two control groups, one similar in birth weight and the other similar in gestational age. @entity3 was found in 18 (43%) of 42 of the IDMs, but in none of the control @entity0 . Morbidity increased with advancing septal thickness. None @entity8 . Twenty-nine IDMs were asymptomatic, 11 of whom had @entity5 . Thirteen IDMs developed @entity4 , seven of whom had @entity5 . Cardiac output per kilogram diminished linearly with increasing septal thickness (r = -0.78, P less than 0.001) secondary to reduced @entity2 volumes at comparable heart rates. The IDMs had higher left @entity6 and greater right ventricular systolic time intervals than the control @entity0 . We conclude that cardiac output is significantly reduced in IDMs with @entity5 . This reduction is secondary to reduced @entity2 volume and is directly related to the degree of @entity5 .

title: Cardiac output in @entity0 of insulin-dependent XXXX mothers.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of our study was to quantitate left @entity7 in the @entity0 of the @entity1 mother (IDM) through estimation of cardiac output by pulsed Doppler ultrasound. We evaluated 42 IDMs (White class B, C, or D) and compared them with two control groups, one similar in birth weight and the other similar in gestational age. @entity3 was found in 18 (43%) of 42 of the IDMs, but in none of the control @entity0 . Morbidity increased with advancing septal thickness. None @entity8 . Twenty-nine IDMs were asymptomatic, 11 of whom had @entity5 . Thirteen IDMs developed @entity4 , seven of whom had @entity5 . Cardiac output per kilogram diminished linearly with increasing septal thickness (r = -0.78, P less than 0.001) secondary to reduced @entity2 volumes at comparable heart rates. The IDMs had higher left @entity6 and greater right ventricular systolic time intervals than the control @entity0 . We conclude that cardiac output is significantly reduced in IDMs with @entity5 . This reduction is secondary to reduced @entity2 volume and is directly related to the degree of @entity5 .

title: Cardiac output in XXXX of insulin-dependent @entity1 mothers.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity3 of the distal part of the radius in young adults comprise a distinct subgroup of @entity0 that are difficult to manage and are associated with a high frequency of post-traumatic @entity1 . The effect of residual radiocarpal incongruity after this fracture has not been investigated previously. A retrospective study of forty-three @entity0 in forty young adults (mean age, 27.6 years) was done to determine the components that are critical to the outcome. Treatment included application of a cast alone in twenty-one @entity0 , insertion of pins and application of a plaster cast in seventeen, external fixation in two @entity0 , and open reduction and internal fixation in three @entity0 . At a mean follow-up of 6.7 years, 26 per cent were rated as excellent; 35 per cent, as good; 33 per cent, as fair; and 6 per cent, as poor. There was radiographic evidence of post-traumatic @entity1 in twenty-eight (65 per cent) of the @entity0 . Accurate articular restoration was the most critical factor in achieving a successful result. Of the twenty-four @entity0 that healed with residual incongruity of the radiocarpal joint, @entity1 was noted in 91 per cent, whereas of the nineteen @entity0 that healed with a @entity2 , @entity1 developed in only 11 per cent. A depressed articular surface (a so-called die-punch fragment) was reduced anatomically by closed means in only 49 per cent and was responsible for residual incongruity in 75 per cent of the @entity2 at late follow-up. Non-union of the ulnar styloid process adversely affected the results. Restoration and maintenance (extra-articular reduction) of the dorsal tilt and radial length did not prove critical except when severe radial shortening occurred.

title: XXXX of the distal end of the radius in young adults.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 of @entity2 @entity0 treated with @entity4 ( @entity6 ) during pregnancy have a higher risk of developing spina bifida than those of the general population. @entity6 induces @entity3 in experimental animal embryos. But the pathogenetic mechanism remains rather elusive. Antiepileptic drugs (AED) in general accentuate pregnancy-imposed fall in maternal @entity5 levels. Periconceptional @entity5 supplementation is reported to protect embryos from developing @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Conflicting results have been reported by experimental studies that attempted to alleviate @entity6 -induced @entity3 by @entity5 . Our objectives were to determine the critical developmental stages and an effective dose of @entity5 for the prevention of @entity6 -induced @entity3 in @entity1 fetuses. A single teratogenic dose of 400 mg/kg of @entity6 was administered to TO @entity1 on gestation day (GD) 7 or 8. It was followed by (1) a single dose of 12 mg/kg of FA ( @entity7 ) or (2) 3 doses of @entity8 mg/kg each. In experiment (3), FA (4 mg/kg) was administered thrice daily starting on GD 5 and continued through GD 10. These animals received @entity6 on @entity9 or 8. @entity6 and B12 concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. The single heavy dose of FA had no rescue effect on @entity3 . Three divided doses of FA on @entity9 and continuous dosing of FA from GD 5 through GD 10 substantially reduced the @entity6 -induced @entity3 in the fetuses. In the later experiments, the neural folds elevated faster than the non-supplemented group. @entity6 considerably reduced maternal plasma @entity5 and @entity10 concentrations. The heavy dose of FA only moderately improved vitamin levels. Three divided doses of FA elevated the vitamin levels slightly better but it was the prolonged dosing of FA that was associated with sustained elevation of plasma levels higher than the control levels and acceleration of neural tube closure thus accounting for the pronounced protection against @entity6 -induced @entity3 development. These data suggest that plasma levels of FA and B12 have to be kept substantially elevated and maintained high throughout organogenesis period to protect embryos against @entity6 -induced @entity3 in this @entity1 model.

title: Amelioration of XXXX -induced @entity3 in @entity1 fetuses by maternal @entity5 supplementation during gestation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 of @entity2 @entity0 treated with @entity4 ( @entity6 ) during pregnancy have a higher risk of developing spina bifida than those of the general population. @entity6 induces @entity3 in experimental animal embryos. But the pathogenetic mechanism remains rather elusive. Antiepileptic drugs (AED) in general accentuate pregnancy-imposed fall in maternal @entity5 levels. Periconceptional @entity5 supplementation is reported to protect embryos from developing @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Conflicting results have been reported by experimental studies that attempted to alleviate @entity6 -induced @entity3 by @entity5 . Our objectives were to determine the critical developmental stages and an effective dose of @entity5 for the prevention of @entity6 -induced @entity3 in @entity1 fetuses. A single teratogenic dose of 400 mg/kg of @entity6 was administered to TO @entity1 on gestation day (GD) 7 or 8. It was followed by (1) a single dose of 12 mg/kg of FA ( @entity7 ) or (2) 3 doses of @entity8 mg/kg each. In experiment (3), FA (4 mg/kg) was administered thrice daily starting on GD 5 and continued through GD 10. These animals received @entity6 on @entity9 or 8. @entity6 and B12 concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. The single heavy dose of FA had no rescue effect on @entity3 . Three divided doses of FA on @entity9 and continuous dosing of FA from GD 5 through GD 10 substantially reduced the @entity6 -induced @entity3 in the fetuses. In the later experiments, the neural folds elevated faster than the non-supplemented group. @entity6 considerably reduced maternal plasma @entity5 and @entity10 concentrations. The heavy dose of FA only moderately improved vitamin levels. Three divided doses of FA elevated the vitamin levels slightly better but it was the prolonged dosing of FA that was associated with sustained elevation of plasma levels higher than the control levels and acceleration of neural tube closure thus accounting for the pronounced protection against @entity6 -induced @entity3 development. These data suggest that plasma levels of FA and B12 have to be kept substantially elevated and maintained high throughout organogenesis period to protect embryos against @entity6 -induced @entity3 in this @entity1 model.

title: Amelioration of @entity4 -induced XXXX in @entity1 fetuses by maternal @entity5 supplementation during gestation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity0 of @entity2 @entity0 treated with @entity4 ( @entity6 ) during pregnancy have a higher risk of developing spina bifida than those of the general population. @entity6 induces @entity3 in experimental animal embryos. But the pathogenetic mechanism remains rather elusive. Antiepileptic drugs (AED) in general accentuate pregnancy-imposed fall in maternal @entity5 levels. Periconceptional @entity5 supplementation is reported to protect embryos from developing @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Conflicting results have been reported by experimental studies that attempted to alleviate @entity6 -induced @entity3 by @entity5 . Our objectives were to determine the critical developmental stages and an effective dose of @entity5 for the prevention of @entity6 -induced @entity3 in @entity1 fetuses. A single teratogenic dose of 400 mg/kg of @entity6 was administered to TO @entity1 on gestation day (GD) 7 or 8. It was followed by (1) a single dose of 12 mg/kg of FA ( @entity7 ) or (2) 3 doses of @entity8 mg/kg each. In experiment (3), FA (4 mg/kg) was administered thrice daily starting on GD 5 and continued through GD 10. These animals received @entity6 on @entity9 or 8. @entity6 and B12 concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. The single heavy dose of FA had no rescue effect on @entity3 . Three divided doses of FA on @entity9 and continuous dosing of FA from GD 5 through GD 10 substantially reduced the @entity6 -induced @entity3 in the fetuses. In the later experiments, the neural folds elevated faster than the non-supplemented group. @entity6 considerably reduced maternal plasma @entity5 and @entity10 concentrations. The heavy dose of FA only moderately improved vitamin levels. Three divided doses of FA elevated the vitamin levels slightly better but it was the prolonged dosing of FA that was associated with sustained elevation of plasma levels higher than the control levels and acceleration of neural tube closure thus accounting for the pronounced protection against @entity6 -induced @entity3 development. These data suggest that plasma levels of FA and B12 have to be kept substantially elevated and maintained high throughout organogenesis period to protect embryos against @entity6 -induced @entity3 in this @entity1 model.

title: Amelioration of @entity4 -induced @entity3 in @entity1 fetuses by maternal XXXX supplementation during gestation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity0 of @entity2 @entity0 treated with @entity4 ( @entity6 ) during pregnancy have a higher risk of developing spina bifida than those of the general population. @entity6 induces @entity3 in experimental animal embryos. But the pathogenetic mechanism remains rather elusive. Antiepileptic drugs (AED) in general accentuate pregnancy-imposed fall in maternal @entity5 levels. Periconceptional @entity5 supplementation is reported to protect embryos from developing @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Conflicting results have been reported by experimental studies that attempted to alleviate @entity6 -induced @entity3 by @entity5 . Our objectives were to determine the critical developmental stages and an effective dose of @entity5 for the prevention of @entity6 -induced @entity3 in @entity1 fetuses. A single teratogenic dose of 400 mg/kg of @entity6 was administered to TO @entity1 on gestation day (GD) 7 or 8. It was followed by (1) a single dose of 12 mg/kg of FA ( @entity7 ) or (2) 3 doses of @entity8 mg/kg each. In experiment (3), FA (4 mg/kg) was administered thrice daily starting on GD 5 and continued through GD 10. These animals received @entity6 on @entity9 or 8. @entity6 and B12 concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay. The single heavy dose of FA had no rescue effect on @entity3 . Three divided doses of FA on @entity9 and continuous dosing of FA from GD 5 through GD 10 substantially reduced the @entity6 -induced @entity3 in the fetuses. In the later experiments, the neural folds elevated faster than the non-supplemented group. @entity6 considerably reduced maternal plasma @entity5 and @entity10 concentrations. The heavy dose of FA only moderately improved vitamin levels. Three divided doses of FA elevated the vitamin levels slightly better but it was the prolonged dosing of FA that was associated with sustained elevation of plasma levels higher than the control levels and acceleration of neural tube closure thus accounting for the pronounced protection against @entity6 -induced @entity3 development. These data suggest that plasma levels of FA and B12 have to be kept substantially elevated and maintained high throughout organogenesis period to protect embryos against @entity6 -induced @entity3 in this @entity1 model.

title: Amelioration of @entity4 -induced @entity3 in XXXX fetuses by maternal @entity5 supplementation during gestation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Voiding function was studied after repair of anterior @entity2 in 44 @entity0 using Duckett's technique of meatoplasty and glanuloplasty. Assessment of the urinary stream was done in 2 ways. At least 6 weeks postoperatively a uroflow measurement using a DISA rotating disk machine was done. Peak flow was compared to previously prepared normal values in a large group of normal @entity0 . Then, a high speed picture of the stream was taken using electronic video photography at the time of peak flow. Of the @entity0 42 had normal flow rates and 40 had acceptable stream patterns. The only complication was @entity1 in 2 cases. There were no fistulas. Although the primary indication for correction of anterior @entity2 is cosmetic, it is essential that function not be sacrificed to achieve this end. This study indicates that voiding function is maintained after @entity2 repair with meatoplasty and glanuloplasty.

title: Assessment of urinary stream after repair of anterior XXXX by meatoplasty and glanuloplasty.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with combined high-dose @entity7 ( @entity10 - @entity8 )-based chemotherapy and whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is associated with severe @entity12 , but high relapse rates are associated with the use of either modality alone. In an attempt to improve upon these dismal results, we treated seven @entity2 @entity0 with @entity10 - @entity8 -based induction therapy followed by thiotepa, @entity9 , @entity6 (TBC), and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), without WBRT. Six of these @entity0 had at least one of the following poor prognostic features: Karnofsky performance status (KPS) <or=50%, age >60 years, or @entity1 . All but one @entity0 tolerated the treatment well and experienced improvements in neurological function and overall performance status post-transplant. No treatment-induced @entity12 ( @entity4 , @entity11 , and @entity5 ) was observed although the follow-up is short. One early treatment-related @entity3 occurred in a @entity0 with multiple comorbid medical conditions. The other six @entity0 achieved a complete response (CR) after TBC and ASCT. Five @entity0 are currently alive and relapse-free at 5, 8, 24, 36, and 42 months from diagnosis. One additional @entity0 relapsed and died 33 months after diagnosis. Two of the seven @entity0 received TBC/ASCT as the only treatment after disease progression following their initial chemotherapy and both remain relapse-free at the time of this report, 22 and 31 months post-TBC/ASCT. In conclusion, prolonged CR can be attained after chemotherapy-only treatment of poor prognosis @entity2 . Furthermore, this small series suggests that high-dose chemotherapy for @entity2 should include drugs that penetrate the CNS such as @entity9 and thiotepa rather than standard lymphoma regimens such as BEAM.

title: High-dose thiotepa, XXXX , @entity6 and ASCT without whole-brain radiotherapy for poor prognosis primary CNS lymphoma.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) with combined high-dose @entity7 ( @entity10 - @entity8 )-based chemotherapy and whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is associated with severe @entity12 , but high relapse rates are associated with the use of either modality alone. In an attempt to improve upon these dismal results, we treated seven @entity2 @entity0 with @entity10 - @entity8 -based induction therapy followed by thiotepa, @entity9 , @entity6 (TBC), and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT), without WBRT. Six of these @entity0 had at least one of the following poor prognostic features: Karnofsky performance status (KPS) <or=50%, age >60 years, or @entity1 . All but one @entity0 tolerated the treatment well and experienced improvements in neurological function and overall performance status post-transplant. No treatment-induced @entity12 ( @entity4 , @entity11 , and @entity5 ) was observed although the follow-up is short. One early treatment-related @entity3 occurred in a @entity0 with multiple comorbid medical conditions. The other six @entity0 achieved a complete response (CR) after TBC and ASCT. Five @entity0 are currently alive and relapse-free at 5, 8, 24, 36, and 42 months from diagnosis. One additional @entity0 relapsed and died 33 months after diagnosis. Two of the seven @entity0 received TBC/ASCT as the only treatment after disease progression following their initial chemotherapy and both remain relapse-free at the time of this report, 22 and 31 months post-TBC/ASCT. In conclusion, prolonged CR can be attained after chemotherapy-only treatment of poor prognosis @entity2 . Furthermore, this small series suggests that high-dose chemotherapy for @entity2 should include drugs that penetrate the CNS such as @entity9 and thiotepa rather than standard lymphoma regimens such as BEAM.

title: High-dose thiotepa, @entity9 , XXXX and ASCT without whole-brain radiotherapy for poor prognosis primary CNS lymphoma.

answer: @entity6


abstract: In order to assess the response of plasma biochemical parameters to anaesthesia, 40 New Zealand White (NZW) @entity0 were assigned to four treatment groups (n = 10): control (1 ml i.v. saline solution), @entity10 (FD) (0.4 ml/kg s.c. of 'thalamonal' solution; 2.5 mg/ml @entity9 , 0.05 mg/ml @entity6 ), @entity7 (K) (10 mg/kg i.v.) with either @entity8 (X) (3 mg/kg i.v.) or @entity5 (D) (2 mg/kg i.v.). Blood samples were obtained from the central ear artery at six time points: before injection, and at 10, 30, 60, 120 min and 24 h after injection of the anaesthetics/saline. Plasma ALT, AST, @entity1 , GGT, BUN, @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity2 levels were measured by the Hitachi 747 autoanalyser. The administration of K-X increased (P < 0.05) plasma ALT (from 11.4 +/- 0.9 to 20.2 +/- 1.7 IU/l, at 10 min), AST (from 10.5 +/- 3.3 to 34 +/- 2.1 IU/l, at 120 min), BUN (from 17.2 +/- 0.9 to 25.8 +/- 1.8 mg/dl, at 60 min) and @entity3 concentrations (from 1 +/- 0.1 to 1.6 +/- 0.2 mg/dl, at 10 min). After K-D administration, we observed an increase (P < 0.05) in plasma ALT (from 11.4 +/- 0.9 to 20.2 +/- 1.1 IU/l, at 10 min), AST (from 11.4 +/- 1.6 to 28 +/- 3.7 IU/l, at 10 min), BUN (from 15.8 +/- 0.8 to 30 +/- 1.5 mg/dl, at 10 min) and @entity3 levels (from 1 +/- 0.08 to 2.2 +/- 0.2 mg/dl, at 120 min). No significant changes were seen in the FD group. We conclude that K-X and K-D may affect plasma concentration of select serum enzymes and biochemical parameters. These results should be taken into account when blood samples are evaluated in treated @entity0 .

title: Effects of the anaesthetic/tranquillizer treatments on selected plasma biochemical parameters in NZW XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The responses of @entity0 isolated cardiac tissues to @entity5 were examined. @entity3 responses of paced left atria and right ventricular papillary muscles, rate responses of spontaneously beating right atria and working hearts and contractility (+dP/dt) of paced and unpaced working hearts were obtained at 38 degrees C. @entity5 induced negative inotropic and chronotropic responses of atria, abolishing @entity3 and rate at the maxima. The spontaneously beating heart also exhibited negative chronotropy. The papillary muscles displayed partial inhibition of @entity3 but, in tissues from @entity2 -pretreated animals, negative inotropy was absent. Similarly, no reduction of contractility of paced working hearts was obtained. It was concluded that muscarinic receptors mediating a direct inhibition of ventricular muscle are virtually absent and that the small response obtained in untreated tissue may be due either to inhibition of endogenous @entity4 release via presynaptic receptors or to antagonism of released @entity1 . Lowering the temperature to 30 or 25 degrees C affected resting @entity3 , rate and contractility and the magnitude of @entity5 responses. The concentration-response curves, when plotted as a percentage of the maximum, were displaced to the left by cooling of the atria and papillary muscles. The papillary muscles now exhibited a response after @entity2 pretreatment. In working hearts, the concentration-response curves for the fall in spontaneous rate were also shifted to the left, but this was not significant, probably because the temperature could be reduced to only 30 degrees C, below which contractions ceased. Cooling of @entity0 isolated cardiac preparations therefore induced supersensitivity to the muscarinic effects of @entity5 .

title: Regional differences in the responses of XXXX cardiac tissue to @entity5 and their potentiation by hypothermia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The responses of @entity0 isolated cardiac tissues to @entity5 were examined. @entity3 responses of paced left atria and right ventricular papillary muscles, rate responses of spontaneously beating right atria and working hearts and contractility (+dP/dt) of paced and unpaced working hearts were obtained at 38 degrees C. @entity5 induced negative inotropic and chronotropic responses of atria, abolishing @entity3 and rate at the maxima. The spontaneously beating heart also exhibited negative chronotropy. The papillary muscles displayed partial inhibition of @entity3 but, in tissues from @entity2 -pretreated animals, negative inotropy was absent. Similarly, no reduction of contractility of paced working hearts was obtained. It was concluded that muscarinic receptors mediating a direct inhibition of ventricular muscle are virtually absent and that the small response obtained in untreated tissue may be due either to inhibition of endogenous @entity4 release via presynaptic receptors or to antagonism of released @entity1 . Lowering the temperature to 30 or 25 degrees C affected resting @entity3 , rate and contractility and the magnitude of @entity5 responses. The concentration-response curves, when plotted as a percentage of the maximum, were displaced to the left by cooling of the atria and papillary muscles. The papillary muscles now exhibited a response after @entity2 pretreatment. In working hearts, the concentration-response curves for the fall in spontaneous rate were also shifted to the left, but this was not significant, probably because the temperature could be reduced to only 30 degrees C, below which contractions ceased. Cooling of @entity0 isolated cardiac preparations therefore induced supersensitivity to the muscarinic effects of @entity5 .

title: Regional differences in the responses of @entity0 cardiac tissue to XXXX and their potentiation by hypothermia.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Of 26 @entity0 who had either femoro-popliteal or aorto-iliac bypass surgery pitting @entity1 occurred in the reconstructed limb during the post-operative period in 13. Eleven of 13 @entity0 (84.6%) who had a femoro-popliteal bypass developed @entity1 compared to 2 of 13 (15.4%) who had aorto-iliac operations (P less than 0.001 chi squared). There was a significant reduction in the serum concentration of total protein and the albumin fraction after operation in both groups of @entity0 (P less than 0.01). The concentration of protein and albumin remained lower than the pre-operative values until the end of the study period but the mean values did not at any stage fall below the lower limit of the normal range. Albumin labelled with I125 was used to investigate changes in the albumin content of the reconstructed limbs. Following femoro-popliteal bypass there was a three fold increase in I125 albumin compared to the non-operated limbs and this persisted to the end of the study period (P less than 0.001). After aorto-iliac surgery there was only a small transient accumulation of I125 albumin in the legs compared to the pre-operative value (P less than 0.02). In both groups of @entity0 large accumulations of albumin were associated with the presence of pitting @entity1 . It was concluded that altered albumin kinetics play an important part in the development of post-reconstruction @entity1 . The possible mechanisms involved are discussed together with the practical implications of the results.

title: Albumin kinetics and XXXX following reconstructive arterial surgery of the lower limb.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report the sixth mutation associated with the infantile form of @entity2 in the Turkish population. The mutation is a single @entity1 transition (G to A) at the last @entity1 of exon 3 of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) alpha-subunit gene. The 14 exons and their flanking sequences of the @entity3 gene were amplified and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-single stranded conformational polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). Sequencing of exon 3 showed a homozygous mutation. Cultured @entity0 's fibroblasts produced no detectable mRNA for @entity3 alpha-subunit gene by Northern blot analysis. We speculate that abnormal mRNA was rapidly degraded following transcription. Our data are consistent with the idea that the severe infantile form of @entity2 is associated with a total lack of @entity3 activity in the @entity0 . A similar mutation (G to T) had been observed at the 5'-donor splice site of exon 3. It resulted in abnormal splicing and skipping of exon 3. The other acceptor and donor splice site mutations described in the @entity3 gene ablate normal mRNA splicing. Identification of multiple mutant @entity3 alleles shows molecular heterogeneity of infantile @entity2 in our population.

title: A new point mutation (G412 to A) at the last XXXX of exon 3 of hexosaminidase alpha-subunit gene affects splicing.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Using a model of uncomplicated @entity1 in @entity0 , we assayed the bone marrow and @entity3 production of granulocytes and macrophages after @entity1 . The effects of burn size and burn wound excision and closure were studied. Using an in vitro quantitative clonal culture technique for granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFC), myeloid precursors were directly assayed. Burns of a 10% body surface area were equal to burns of larger magnitude for effects on marrow and @entity3 granulocyte/macrophage production. The total peripheral blood leukocyte and lymphocyte counts were @entity2 at days 1 and 4 postburn but were elevated at days 8 and 12. Granulocytes, however, remained significantly increased at days 8 and 12. The bone marrow response to burning showed an initial @entity2 in marrow cellularity on day 1 with return to normal values by days 8 and 12. The numbers of GM-CFC were significantly elevated on days 4-12 with a near threefold increase in the number of GM-CFC 12 days following @entity1 . The @entity3 response to @entity1 was characterized by a decrease in the @entity3 index on day 1 but then a persistent increase at days 8 and 12. Total @entity3 cellularity was @entity2 on day 1 but significantly increased at days 8 and 12. The total number of @entity4 was increased on days 4-12 with a 100-fold increase on day 8. The immediate or delayed excision of the burn wound did not alter marrow or @entity3 response to burning. We conclude that following a @entity1 there is a marked alteration in the generation of the phagocytic cells of the granulocyte and macrophage series and that this response is secondary to the wounding process.

title: Effect of XXXX on granulocyte and macrophage production.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Increases in the water pressure (PW) around the trunk of the sea raven (Hemitripterus americanus Gmelin) were used to evaluate the effects of @entity7 on cardiovascular variables. Cardiac output (Vb), heart rate (fH) and blood pressures in the ventral aorta, dorsal aorta and ductus Cuvier (Pva, Pda and @entity10 , respectively) were measured. A 20 cm @entity6 increase in PW decreased vascular conductance by up to 25%. During @entity7 , a reflex @entity4 reduced Vb and attenuated the accompanying @entity2 . Pretreatment of the fish with the sympathetic antagonist, @entity5 , further attenuated the @entity1 by accentuating the reflex @entity4 . Subsequent pretreatment with @entity8 , a vascular smooth muscle poison, potentiated these effects and did not reveal any autoregulatory vasodilation in the periphery. @entity9 pretreatment completely abolished the reflex @entity4 , indicating that the @entity4 resulted from increased vagal cholinergic tone. The fish also exhibited @entity0 during the 2 min @entity7 . An accommodation of the barostatic reflex (reduced vagal tone) and a sympathetic @entity3 raised Vb and passively increased vascular conductance. The set point for the barostatic @entity4 was apparently temperature-sensitive.

title: Cardiovascular responses in the sea raven, Hemitripterus americanus, XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Eosinophils are a characteristic component of the inflammatory response seen in several diseases, including @entity2 and @entity6 . After activation, eosinophil-derived products may exert proinflammatory effects and cause considerable tissue damage. In the present study, we investigated innate interactions between the respiratory tract pathogen nontypeable @entity3 (NTHi) and @entity0 eosinophils. Bacterial binding to eosinophils was dependent on (1-3)-beta-D-glucan receptors, as deduced from blocking experiments using the soluble glucan derivatives laminarin and scleroglucan. In addition, expression of the beta-glucan receptor @entity7 was shown in eosinophils by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Activation of the beta-glucan receptors by bacteria elicited a time- and dose-dependent respiratory burst in eosinophils. NTHi caused increased expression of the proinflammatory chemokine @entity5 as measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Incubation of eosinophils in the presence of NTHi for 4.5 h revealed upregulation of 245 different genes as detected by microarray. Signal transduction-related transcripts were most strongly upregulated, followed by cytokine mRNAs. Our findings suggest that NTHi can induce an innate inflammatory response in eosinophils that is mainly mediated via beta-glucan receptors. This points to possible pathophysiologic mechanisms involving innate recognition of NTHi by eosinophils during infection of the airways, thus promoting @entity1 in chronic @entity4 .

title: Nontypeable XXXX activates @entity0 eosinophils through beta-glucan receptors.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Eosinophils are a characteristic component of the inflammatory response seen in several diseases, including @entity2 and @entity6 . After activation, eosinophil-derived products may exert proinflammatory effects and cause considerable tissue damage. In the present study, we investigated innate interactions between the respiratory tract pathogen nontypeable @entity3 (NTHi) and @entity0 eosinophils. Bacterial binding to eosinophils was dependent on (1-3)-beta-D-glucan receptors, as deduced from blocking experiments using the soluble glucan derivatives laminarin and scleroglucan. In addition, expression of the beta-glucan receptor @entity7 was shown in eosinophils by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Activation of the beta-glucan receptors by bacteria elicited a time- and dose-dependent respiratory burst in eosinophils. NTHi caused increased expression of the proinflammatory chemokine @entity5 as measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Incubation of eosinophils in the presence of NTHi for 4.5 h revealed upregulation of 245 different genes as detected by microarray. Signal transduction-related transcripts were most strongly upregulated, followed by cytokine mRNAs. Our findings suggest that NTHi can induce an innate inflammatory response in eosinophils that is mainly mediated via beta-glucan receptors. This points to possible pathophysiologic mechanisms involving innate recognition of NTHi by eosinophils during infection of the airways, thus promoting @entity1 in chronic @entity4 .

title: Nontypeable @entity3 activates XXXX eosinophils through beta-glucan receptors.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A polyvalent @entity5 antigen vaccine was prepared from antigens shed by a pool of @entity0 @entity5 cells cultured in serum-free medium. The vaccine contained multiple @entity5 associated antigens (MAAs) and was free of detectable fetal calf serum (FCS) proteins and Dr antigens. Three batches of vaccine prepared several months apart contained the same spectrum of @entity1 antigens. Thirteen @entity0 with metastatic @entity5 were immunized intradermally with escalating doses of the vaccine in a Phase I study. There was no @entity4 other than transient @entity3 at the injection site. Humoral immunity, assayed by indirect immunoprecipitation, was augmented in five (38%) @entity0 . Cellular immunity, assayed by delayed-type cutaneous @entity2 , was induced in four (31%) @entity0 . Skin tests to a control vaccine prepared from pooled allogeneic lymphocytes were negative. Cutaneous metastases regressed completely in one @entity0 who is now disease free after 2 years, and multiple cutaneous metastases have remained stable for 14 months in another @entity0 . These results indicate that active immunization to a partially characterized polyvalent @entity5 antigen vaccine is safe and can increase immunity to @entity5 in some @entity0 .

title: Preparation and characterization of a polyvalent human XXXX antigen vaccine.

answer: @entity5


abstract: The loss of telomeric DNA with each cell division contributes to the limited replicative lifespan of @entity0 T lymphocytes. Although telomerase is transiently expressed in T lymphocytes upon activation, it is insufficient to confer immortality. We have previously shown that immortalization of @entity0 CD8+ T lymphocytes can be achieved by ectopic expression of the @entity0 telomerase reverse transcriptase ( @entity3 ) gene, which encodes for the catalytic component of the telomerase complex. To study the role of endogenous @entity3 in the lifespan of @entity0 T cells, we blocked endogenous @entity3 expression by ectopic expression of dominant-negative (DN) @entity3 . Cells expressing DN- @entity3 had a decreased lifespan and showed @entity2 , including chromosome ends without detectable telomeric DNA as well as chromosome fusions. These results indicate that while endogenous @entity3 cannot prevent overall telomere @entity4 , it has a major influence on the longevity of @entity0 T cells. Furthermore, we show that up-regulation of @entity3 in T cells upon activation decreases over time in culture. Long-term-cultured T cells also show a decreased expression of @entity1 upon activation, resulting in less @entity1 -induced transcription of @entity3 . Moreover, memory T cells, which have expanded in vivo upon antigen encounter, expressed a lower level of @entity3 upon activation than naive cells from the same donor. The observed inverse correlation between telomerase levels and replicative history suggests that telomerase levels in T cells are limiting and increasingly insufficient to sustain their proliferation.

title: Telomerase levels control the lifespan of XXXX T lymphocytes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of environmental/lifestyle factors on @entity0 risk may be modified by genetic predisposition. METHODS: In a population-based case-control-family study performed in Germany including 706 cases by age 50 years, 1381 population, and 252 sister controls, we investigated main effects for environmental/lifestyle factors and genetic susceptibility and gene-environment interaction (G x E). Different surrogate measures for genetic predisposition using pedigree information were used: first-degree family history of @entity2 ; and gene carrier probability using a genetic model based on rare dominant genes. Possible G x E interaction was studied by (1) logistic regression using cases and population controls including an interaction term; (2) comparing results using sister controls and population controls; (3) case-only analysis with logistic regression and (4) a mixture logistic model. RESULTS: Familial predisposition showed the strongest main effect and the estimated gene carrier probability gave the best fit. High parity and longer duration of breastfeeding reduced @entity0 risk significantly, a history of abortions increased risk and age at menarche showed no significant effect. We found significant G x E interaction between parity and genetic susceptibility using different surrogate measures. In @entity1 most likely to have a high genetic susceptibility, high parity was less protective. Later age at menarche was protective in @entity1 with a positive family history. No evidence for G x E interaction was found for breastfeeding and abortion. CONCLUSIONS: These findings corroborate results from other studies and provide further evidence that the magnitude of protection from parity is reduced in @entity1 most likely to have a genetic risk in spite of the limitations of using surrogate genetic measures.

title: Reproductive factors and familial predisposition for XXXX by age 50 years. A case-control-family study for assessing main effects and possible gene-environment interaction.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A potent transcriptional enhancer was previously identified upstream of the @entity0 renin gene. Within the enhancer is a TGACCT direct-repeat motif, required for enhancer activity, that is the consensus sequence recognized by members of the thyroid hormone subfamily of @entity1 hormone receptors. We previously reported that RAR/RXR bind to this sequence and mediate the induction of renin promoter activity by @entity5 . However, gel mobility shift assays clearly show that other as yet unidentified factors also bind to this motif. In order to identify some of these TGACCT binding factors, we screened a @entity2 one-hybrid cDNA library derived from @entity0 @entity0 cells. One of these encoded the orphan nuclear receptor @entity6 . Recombinant @entity6 was purified from @entity3 and an antipeptide antisera was generated. EMSA showed that purified recombinant @entity6 specifically binds the TGACCT direct-repeat motif. Transfection assays showed that @entity6 potently decreases both baseline and @entity4 -induced @entity0 renin promoter activity in a dose-dependent, enhancer-dependent, and sequence-specific manner. Mutations in @entity6 , which abolish its binding to the TGACCT motif, also abolish transcriptional repression. @entity6 was identified as a nuclear protein in @entity0 cells, is one of the proteins binding to the TGACCT repeat motif, and its overexpression can repress transcription of the endogenous renin gene in @entity0 cells. These data suggest that @entity6 is a negative modulator of renin gene transcription in @entity0 cells, and that the renin enhancer may actually encode a complex positive and negative regulator of transcription.

title: Identification of a nuclear orphan receptor ( XXXX ) as a negative regulator of renin gene transcription.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The distribution of P2X(2) purine receptor subunit immunoreactivity has been investigated in the @entity0 gastrointestinal tract. Immunoreactivity occurred in intraganglionic laminar endings (IGLEs) associated with myenteric @entity1 throughout the gastrointestinal tract. In the esophagus, IGLEs supplied every myenteric @entity2 . The proportion of @entity1 supplied decreased from 85% in the stomach to 10% in the ileum, and from 50% in the caecum to 15% in the distal colon. There was substantial loss of IGLEs from myenteric @entity1 of all abdominal regions after bilateral subdiaphragmatic section of the vagus nerves. IGLEs in the esophagus consisted of dense clusters of punctate immunoreactive varicosities. In the stomach and duodenum they had prominent lamellar processes and irregular, but smaller, lamellae were found in other regions. Rare immunoreactive IGLEs occurred in the submucosa of the distal colon. P2X(2) receptor immunoreactivity was on the surfaces and in the cytoplasm of a minority of nerve cells in myenteric @entity1 . It is concluded that P2X(2) purine receptor immunoreactivity is a feature of IGLEs in the @entity0 , and that P2X receptor agonists may modulate sensitivity of the IGLEs.

title: P2X(2) purine receptor immunoreactivity of intraganglionic laminar endings in the XXXX gastrointestinal tract.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In this study, the pitfalls of @entity0 measurement in the nude @entity1 were evaluated. Regarding intermethod variation, diameters of subcutaneous @entity0 in @entity1 were expressed as length, area, and volume; @entity0 weights were also recorded. These measurements were all compared to a reference standard: water displacement volume. Estimates of area and volume derived from caliper measurements correlated well with water displacement volume (r = 0.97 and 0.98, respectively). At necropsy, @entity0 weight was the most consistent and reproducible reflection of @entity0 volume (r = 1.0000). Regarding interobserver variation, mean absolute difference among volumes determined by several investigators who measured the same @entity0 in living animals was determined. This averaged 15% of the mean calculated volume. Regarding intraobserver variation, observers measured four separate masses in @entity1 eight times each. The observers were prevented from realizing that the same animals were being repeatedly evaluated. Volumes were compared in order to quantify the average variation that occurs when a single investigator repeatedly measures the same mass. When large masses were measured, this error was 7%; when small masses were measured, the error was 27%. Recommendations are made for future work employing @entity0 measurement.

title: Tumor measurement in the nude XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: More than 90% of @entity2 are @entity3 . Early symptoms are rare and usually ignored by the @entity0 . The most common symptoms present are enlarged cervical nodes. More than half of all @entity0 with @entity3 (58%) treated in the ENT-Clinic of the University of Munich had been admitted for further investigation because of @entity4 . Enlarged cervical @entity4 can be removed easily. Thus the value of a lymph node biopsy for early diagnosis of @entity3 was examined. Forty-five cases of occult @entity3 have been reviewed. In all cases a cervical lymph node had been removed as a first diagnostic procedure. The histological findings were compared to nasopharyngeal biopsies taken after different time intervals. Our clinico-pathological review has shown that, especially in @entity3 , the histological features of cervical @entity1 is always identical to the very characteristic primary lesions in the nasopharynx. Thus, the characteristic feature of this @entity2 type in a jugulo-digastric lymph node strongly suggests the presence of a primary @entity3 .

title: [Diagnostic value of cervical lymph node biopsy in suspected XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Forty-two previously untreated @entity0 with predominantly stage IV (35) head and @entity2 were treated preoperatively with @entity3 and @entity4 and concomitant radiotherapy with 5,000 to 6,000 rad using a split-course technique. Toxic reactions were acceptable. Five @entity0 developed severe @entity1 . The white blood cell count fell to 1,500/cu mm in two @entity0 ; the platelet count fell to 100,000/cu mm in three. Other complications occurred in three @entity0 . Eighty-six percent of @entity0 completed advised treatment. Complete response, assessed clinically and with histologic correlation, was 79% at primary sites and 69% at nodal sites. Twenty-seven @entity0 had a complete response (64%). Follow-up currently is between ten and 24 months. Though analysis of disease-free intervals and survival data is premature, the high complete response rates in this study are encouraging.

title: XXXX and @entity4 with concomitant radiotherapy in head and neck cancer.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Forty-two previously untreated @entity0 with predominantly stage IV (35) head and @entity2 were treated preoperatively with @entity3 and @entity4 and concomitant radiotherapy with 5,000 to 6,000 rad using a split-course technique. Toxic reactions were acceptable. Five @entity0 developed severe @entity1 . The white blood cell count fell to 1,500/cu mm in two @entity0 ; the platelet count fell to 100,000/cu mm in three. Other complications occurred in three @entity0 . Eighty-six percent of @entity0 completed advised treatment. Complete response, assessed clinically and with histologic correlation, was 79% at primary sites and 69% at nodal sites. Twenty-seven @entity0 had a complete response (64%). Follow-up currently is between ten and 24 months. Though analysis of disease-free intervals and survival data is premature, the high complete response rates in this study are encouraging.

title: @entity3 and XXXX with concomitant radiotherapy in head and neck cancer.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To pilot a second support group intervention study promoting self-transcendence perspectives and activities and to document changes over time in well-being in support group @entity1 compared with nonparticipants. DESIGN: Quasiexperimental, partial randomization, preference trial design. SETTING: An urban @entity0 resource center established by survivors. SAMPLE: 41 @entity1 with newly diagnosed @entity0 were recruited, and 39 completed the study. 22 @entity1 participated in three intervention support groups; 17 were in a comparison group. METHODS: The intervention was an eight-week, closed support group based on self-transcendence theory. Data were collected three times during 14 months. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Support group intervention, self-transcendence, and emotional and physical well-being. FINDINGS: The intervention group had lower scores than the comparison group on self-transcendence and well-being variables at baseline (time [T] 1). Scores were higher for both groups postintervention (T2), with no differences between groups. One year postintervention (T3), intervention group scores again were lower than comparison group scores. Intervention group T3 scores were unchanged from T2. CONCLUSIONS: Most potential @entity1 were unwilling to risk being randomized into a nonpreferred group. Activities based on self-transcendence theory were associated with expanded perspectives and activities and an improved sense of well-being in support group @entity1 at the end of the intervention, but not one year later. Findings from the pilot studies informed a study currently in progress. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Nurses should maintain awareness of local resources for support and make that information available to @entity1 when they are newly diagnosed with @entity0 , during their treatment, and later.

title: Facilitation of self-transcendence in a XXXX support group: II.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 following a history of neurotrauma is frequently associated with @entity3 . In order to enhance understanding about the underlying pathophysiology linking neurotrauma to @entity6 , a multi-model preclinical approach must be established to account for the different @entity4 and pathophysiologic mechanisms. We investigated the development of tau pathology and behavioral changes using a multi-model and multi-institutional approach, comparing the preclinical results to @entity8 patterns seen in post-mortem @entity0 samples from athletes diagnosed with @entity7 ( @entity7 ). We utilized a scaled and validated blast-induced @entity5 model in @entity2 and a modified pneumatic closed-head impact model in @entity1 . Tau hyperphosphorylation was evaluated by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Elevated-plus maze and Morris water maze were employed to measure impulsive-like behavior and @entity3 respectively. Animals exposed to single blast (~50 PSI reflected peak overpressure) exhibited elevated AT8 immunoreactivity in the contralateral hippocampus at 1   month compared to controls (q   =   3.96, p   <   0.05). Animals exposed to repeat blast (six blasts over 2   weeks) had increased AT8 (q   =   8.12, p   <   0.001) and AT270 (q   =   4.03, p   <   0.05) in the contralateral hippocampus at 1   month @entity4 compared to controls. In the modified controlled closed-head impact @entity1 model, no significant difference in AT8 was seen at 7   days, however a significant elevation was detected at 1   month following injury in the ipsilateral hippocampus compared to control (q   =   4.34, p   <   0.05). Elevated-plus maze data revealed that @entity2 exposed to single blast (q   =   3.53, p   <   0.05) and repeat blast (q   =   4.21, p   <   0.05) spent more time in seconds exploring the open arms compared to controls. Morris water maze testing revealed a significant difference between groups in acquisition times on days 22-27. During the probe trial, single blast (t   =   6.44, p   <   0.05) and repeat blast (t   =   8.00, p   <   0.05) @entity2 spent less time in seconds exploring where the platform had been located compared to controls. This study provides a multi-model example of replicating tau and behavioral changes in animals and provides a foundation for future investigation of @entity7 pathophysiology and therapeutic development.

title: The Quest to Model XXXX : A Multiple Model and Injury Paradigm Experience.

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity2 were recorded in 16 @entity0 albinos with a scleral search coil technique. Spontaneous @entity1 , responses to target steps, voluntary pursuit and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) were assessed, including the effects of selective stimulation of the nasal or temporal halves of the retina. The results suggest a subdivision of albinos into three classes of oculomotor behaviour. Class I (n = 11) is characterized by @entity1 (of the pendular unidirectional jerk or bidirectional jerk type), the absence of true horizontal @entity1 but the presence of the ability to control the direction of gaze in an imprecise way. In Class II (n = 2) there is a vigorous unidirectional jerk @entity1 which reverses in direction spontaneously or as a result of visual stimulation. Moving stimuli typically elicited inverted pursuit, the smooth @entity2 having a direction opposite to that of the stimulus movement. Class III (n = 3) is characterized by very little or no spontaneous @entity1 and virtually normal oculomotor responses. Only pursuit of motion in the temporal direction, projected onto the temporal half retina, was defective. In all three classes, vertical @entity2 were disturbed much less than horizontal. Anomalous visual projections (confirmed in all subjects by asymmetrical monocular visual evoked cortical potentials) are a likely basic cause underlying the oculomotor instability, but the large intersubject differences show that the eventual consequences of misrouting and secondary adaptations can vary widely among subjects.

title: The oculomotor behaviour of XXXX albinos.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Background and Aims. The aim of the present study was to determine the estimates of minimal clinically important difference for @entity1 Sleep Scale 2nd version (PDSS-2) total score and dimensions. Methods. The subject population consisted of 413 @entity3 @entity0 . At baseline, MDS-UPDRS, Hoehn-Yahr Scale, Mattis @entity2 Rating Scale, and PDSS-2 were assessed. Nine months later the PDSS-2 was reevaluated with the @entity0 -Reported Global Impression Improvement Scale. Both anchor-based techniques (within @entity0 ' score change method and sensitivity- and specificity-based method by receiver operating characteristic analysis) and distribution-based approaches (effect size calculations) were utilized to determine the magnitude of minimal clinically important difference. Results. According to our results, any improvements larger than -3.44 points or worsening larger than 2.07 points can represent clinically important changes for the @entity0 . These thresholds have the effect size of 0.21 and -0.21, respectively. Conclusions. Minimal clinically important differences are the smallest change of scores that are subjectively meaningful to @entity0 . Studies using the PDSS-2 as outcome measure should utilize the threshold of -3.44 points for detecting improvement or the threshold of 2.07 points for observing worsening.

title: Minimal Clinically Important Difference on XXXX Sleep Scale 2nd Version.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The common trunk of the @entity2 (FPA) arising from the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery (ACA) associated with a @entity6 ( @entity3 ), is rare. CASE DESCRIPTION: The @entity0 was a 52-year-old @entity0 who suffered from @entity4 . Three-dimensional computed tomography angiography revealed an elongated and tortuous left A1 segment of the ACA and a saccular @entity3 arising from the left A1 segment of the ACA at the origin of the cortical branch, defining its location just on the midline and behind the anterior communicating artery. This vessel had two branches. One branch ran along the inferior surface of the @entity1 , and the other branch ran anteriorly and medially along the surface of the left hemisphere toward the frontal pole. The anomalous artery was interpreted as a common trunk of the FOA and FPA. Bifrontal craniotomy was performed. The anomalous artery arose from the A1 segment of the ACA at the origin of the @entity3 , and the recurrent artery of Heubner branched off the anomalous artery. The @entity3 was successfully obliterated, clipping with a bayonet-shaped Yasargil @entity5 clip. @entity3 and patency of both the A1 and the common trunk of the FOA and FPA, were confirmed intraoperatively by @entity7 angiography. CONCLUSIONS: Recognizing this variant preoperatively, could be helpful in preventing the complications of surgery.

title: An unusual variant of the common trunk of the fronto-orbital and frontopolar arteries associated with a XXXX of the A1 segment of the anterior cerebral artery.

answer: @entity6


abstract: @entity2 is associated with the rapid induction of mononuclear cell chemoattractants that promote monocyte infiltration into the injured area. Monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation and macrophage proliferation allow a long survival of monocytic cells, critical for effective healing of the @entity3 . In a @entity1 @entity3 -reperfusion model, newly recruited myeloid leukocytes were markedly augmented during early reperfusion (5-72 h). By 7 days, the number of newly recruited myeloid cells was reduced, and the majority of the inflammatory cells remaining in the @entity3 were mature macrophages. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF) is known to facilitate monocyte survival, monocyte-to-macrophage conversion, and macrophage proliferation. We demonstrated marked induction of MCSF mRNA in @entity0 segments persisting for at least 5 days after reperfusion. MCSF expression was predominantly localized to mature macrophages infiltrating the infarcted @entity4 ; the expression of the MCSF receptor, c-Fms, a protein with @entity6 kinase activity, was found in these macrophages but was also observed in a subset of microvessels within the @entity3 . Many @entity3 macrophages expressed proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a marker of proliferative activity. In vitro MCSF induced @entity9 synthesis in @entity1 venous endothelial cells. MCSF-induced endothelial @entity9 upregulation was inhibited by @entity8 , a @entity6 kinase inhibitor, and by @entity5 , a @entity7 3'-kinase inhibitor. We suggest that upregulation of MCSF in the infarcted @entity4 may have an active role in healing not only through its effects on cells of monocyte/macrophage lineage, but also by regulating endothelial cell chemokine expression.

title: MCSF expression is induced in healing XXXX and may regulate monocyte and endothelial cell phenotype.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 grade has been proposed as an essential factor in the staging of @entity0 with soft tissue @entity3 . In a previous study, a histopathologic grading system using the evaluation of @entity1 differentiation, mitosis count, and @entity1 @entity2 was described. The current study was conducted to test its reproducibility. The pathologic sections of 25 soft tissue @entity3 were submitted to a study group composed of 15 pathologists who had not been involved in the development of the grading system. The results were compared with those of a panel group. The crude proportion in agreement observed between the study group and the panel group was 81% for the evaluation of @entity1 @entity2 , 74% for @entity1 differentiation, and 73% for the mitosis count. The crude proportion in agreement for the @entity1 grade was 75%, which was significantly better than the crude agreement rate of 61% for the diagnosis of histologic type (P = 0.001). A kappa statistical analysis, to check the possibility of chance-related concordance, showed a proportion in agreement of 68%. A two-way variance analysis showed that the homogeneity of the evaluation of @entity1 grade is impaired by @entity1 -related and observer-related factors. However, an improvement may be obtained by better training of pathologists. We conclude that the @entity1 grading system developed inside the French Federation of Cancer Centers, although perfectible, already provides reliable prognostic information and its use in prospective clinical studies may provide more information about its clinical usefulness.

title: Reproducibility of a histopathologic grading system for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is strikingly limited information on linear growth and weight in the different types of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Here, we define growth patterns further with the intent of implementing appropriate adaptations proactively. METHODS: We report cross-sectional anthropometric data for 343 subjects with different @entity2 types (144 @entity0 , 199 adults). Longitudinal height data for 36 @entity0 (18 @entity0 , 18 @entity0 ) with @entity2 and 10 @entity0 (8 @entity0 , 2 @entity0 ) with @entity2 @entity1 were obtained. RESULTS: In all cases, the height Z-scores were negatively impacted, and final height Z-scores were impacted the most. In type I, the growth velocities taper near puberty, and there is a blunted pubertal growth spurt. The growth velocities of @entity0 with @entity1 decelerate before age 5 y; poor growth continues without an obvious pubertal growth spurt. Obesity is a concern for all @entity0 with @entity2 , with @entity1 @entity0 being the most affected. CONCLUSION: The linear growth patterns, in addition to the marked increase in weight over time, indicate a need for lifestyle modifications early in childhood, especially a need for weight control. Further definition of the anthropometric measures in @entity2 enables @entity0 to begin modifications as early as possible.Pediatric Research (2015); doi:10.1038/pr.2015.230.

title: Cross-sectional and longitudinal growth patterns in XXXX : implications for clinical care.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or the internal pallidum ( @entity6 ) on the @entity1 triad and on levodopa-induced @entity4 are very similar. The antiakinetic effect of STN DBS seems to be slightly better. On the contrary to pallidal DBS, stimulation of the STN allows to reduce dopaminergic treatment by more than 50p.100 on average. Moreover, the current drain is smaller in STN. Thus, the STN is a low budget target compared to the @entity6 . STN DBS seems to be as effective on @entity5 @entity3 as stimulation of the classic thalamic target, the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim), whereas Vim stimulation has no effect on @entity4 and very little on levodopa-induced @entity4 . Thus, the STN has become the main target nucleus for DBS in @entity5 , which is most often performed bilaterally in one surgical procedure. There is a good correlation of the preoperative response to levodopa and postoperative effects of bilateral STN DBS and this defines the @entity0 population. Given the large @entity0 population, simple guidelines for @entity0 selection are developed. The referring physician can preselect @entity0 based mainly on age (less than 70), absence of @entity2 and presence of severe disability related to motor fluctuations or @entity4 . It is the responsibility of the operating centre to determine the levodopa response, to confirm the diagnosis, to rule out contraindications and to make sure that the medical treatment cannot be further optimised. Severe surgical complications with permanent sequels are relatively rare, about 1p.100 per implanted side. The @entity0 selection, the precision of the surgery and the quality of the postoperative follow-up are the three main determinants of success.

title: [ XXXX : deep brain stimulation]

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: It is not clear what serum levels of anti- @entity1 @entity5 factor are associated with reduced intestinal @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). We aimed to identify serum levels of infliximab and adalimumab associated with @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 and to evaluate the putative gain in control of @entity3 by incremental increases in drug levels. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of 145 @entity0 with @entity2 treated with infliximab (n  = 78) or adalimumab (n  = 67) at a medical center in Israel from 2009 through 2014. We collected data from colonoscopy examinations; @entity4 was defined as simple endoscopic score of <3 or a Mayo score  <=1. These data were compared with serum levels of anti- @entity1 @entity5 factor agents, clinical scores, and levels of C-reactive protein. RESULTS: Median serum levels of infliximab and adalimumab were significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity4 than @entity0 with active disease (based on endoscopy) (for infliximab, 4.3 vs 1.7  g/mL, P  = .0002; for adalimumab, 6.2 vs 3.1  g/mL, P  = .01). Levels of infliximab above 5   g/mL (area under the curve  = 0.75; P < .0001) and levels of adalimumab above 7.1  g/mL (area under the curve  = 0.7; P  = .004) identified @entity0 with @entity4 with 85% specificity. Increasing levels of infliximab beyond 8  g/mL produced only minimal increases in the rate of @entity4 , whereas the association between higher level of adalimumab and increased rate of @entity4 reached a plateau at 12  g/mL. In @entity0 with measurable levels of infliximab >3  g/mL, the presence of antibodies to infliximab was associated with a lower rate of @entity4 compared with @entity0 with similar drug level without antibodies (16% vs 50%, respectively; P  = .003). CONCLUSIONS: In a retrospective study, we found significant association between serum levels of anti- @entity1 @entity5 factor agents and level of @entity4 . We propose that serum levels of 6-10  g/mL for infliximab and 8-12  g/mL for adalimumab are required to achieve @entity4 in 80%-90% of @entity0 with @entity2 , and that this could be considered as a "therapeutic window." Exceeding these levels produces only a negligible gain in proportion of @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Optimizing Anti-TNF-a Therapy: Serum Levels of Infliximab and  Adalimumab Are Associated With Mucosal Healing in @entity0 With XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND _ AIMS: It is not clear what serum levels of anti- @entity1 @entity5 factor are associated with reduced intestinal @entity3 in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). We aimed to identify serum levels of infliximab and adalimumab associated with @entity4 in @entity0 with @entity2 and to evaluate the putative gain in control of @entity3 by incremental increases in drug levels. METHODS: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of 145 @entity0 with @entity2 treated with infliximab (n  = 78) or adalimumab (n  = 67) at a medical center in Israel from 2009 through 2014. We collected data from colonoscopy examinations; @entity4 was defined as simple endoscopic score of <3 or a Mayo score  <=1. These data were compared with serum levels of anti- @entity1 @entity5 factor agents, clinical scores, and levels of C-reactive protein. RESULTS: Median serum levels of infliximab and adalimumab were significantly higher in @entity0 with @entity4 than @entity0 with active disease (based on endoscopy) (for infliximab, 4.3 vs 1.7  g/mL, P  = .0002; for adalimumab, 6.2 vs 3.1  g/mL, P  = .01). Levels of infliximab above 5   g/mL (area under the curve  = 0.75; P < .0001) and levels of adalimumab above 7.1  g/mL (area under the curve  = 0.7; P  = .004) identified @entity0 with @entity4 with 85% specificity. Increasing levels of infliximab beyond 8  g/mL produced only minimal increases in the rate of @entity4 , whereas the association between higher level of adalimumab and increased rate of @entity4 reached a plateau at 12  g/mL. In @entity0 with measurable levels of infliximab >3  g/mL, the presence of antibodies to infliximab was associated with a lower rate of @entity4 compared with @entity0 with similar drug level without antibodies (16% vs 50%, respectively; P  = .003). CONCLUSIONS: In a retrospective study, we found significant association between serum levels of anti- @entity1 @entity5 factor agents and level of @entity4 . We propose that serum levels of 6-10  g/mL for infliximab and 8-12  g/mL for adalimumab are required to achieve @entity4 in 80%-90% of @entity0 with @entity2 , and that this could be considered as a "therapeutic window." Exceeding these levels produces only a negligible gain in proportion of @entity0 with @entity4 .

title: Optimizing Anti-TNF-a Therapy: Serum Levels of Infliximab and  Adalimumab Are Associated With Mucosal Healing in XXXX With @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Significance and clinical usefulness of exercise-induced changes of noninvasive left ventricular ejection time, recorded by mechanocardiography, in detecting @entity1 is still controversial. We investigated the changes of the left ventricular ejection time (LVET), corrected for heart rate as ETI (LVET/square root RR), after a standard 4-min exercise by bicycle ergometer (50 W/min for 2 min, increased by 20 W after 2 min) in 56 male volunteers. They were invasively studied for typical or atypical @entity2 . Thirty-four had @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and the others served as controls. Immediately after exercise LVET shortened according to the rise in heart rate in both groups. ETI increased similarly. After 2 minutes from exercise ETI increased only in the @entity1 group, according to a longer LVET, in spite of the rise in heart rate. In contrast, ETI was unchanged in controls, according to a shortened LVET. Totally, 27/34 @entity1 @entity0 and 9/22 controls had a greater ETI than at rest. Employing this delta ETI as a "marker" of @entity1 we found a predictive accuracy of 74%. We suggest postexercise ETI could be a simple and inexpensive support to electrocardiogram in basic evaluation of subjects with @entity2 .

title: Exercise-induced changes of left ventricular ejection time in noninvasive evaluation of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: MAIN PROBLEM: The microfill veneering of hybrid composite restorations has been indicated to improve esthetics. Also, @entity1 fiber reinforcement has been proposed for use in composite restorations in high-stress clinical situations. However, minimal information in the literature addresses the influence of such combinations on the resistance to @entity0 . The purpose of this study was to investigate the flexural strength of two composites, a microfill and a hybrid, the effect of their combination, and the influence of @entity1 fiber reinforcement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-eight specimens were prepared using a standard metallic mold (20x2x2 mm) and divided into groups of seven each: Filtek Z-250 (3M ESPE, St. Paul, Minn., USA) (group I), Filtek A-110 (3M ESPE) (group II), Filtek Z-250 combined with Filtek A-110 (group III), and Filtek Z-250 combined with @entity1 fiber (Ribbond, Seattle, Wash., USA) (group IV). The specimens were stress-loaded to @entity0 in a three-point bending device according to International Standardization Organization (ISO) 4049. RESULTS: Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey's test at a 0.05 level of significance. No statistically significant differences were observed between groups I and IV. Group II, however, exhibited statistically lower resistance to @entity0 than the other groups. Group III presented intermediate results, showing statistically higher @entity0 resistance than group II but lower than group I. CONCLUSIONS: With the methodology employed, microfill composite presented the lowest flexural strength, but its association with hybrid composite increased the resistance to @entity0 . The combination of @entity1 fiber and hybrid composite did not present higher flexural strength than hybrid composite alone.

title: Flexural strength of composites: influences of XXXX fiber reinforcement and type of composite.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ), which is characterized by chamber dilation and @entity2 , is associated with substantially higher mortality. We investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of @entity8 on post-infarction @entity1 . @entity4 was constructed by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. In vitro, cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity4 were used to probe mechanism. @entity8 significantly improved cardiac function, decreased cardiac enzyme and inflammatory cytokines release after @entity4 . Enhanced autophagic flux as indicated by more autophagosomes puncta, less accumulation of aggresomes and @entity7 in the neonatal cardiomyocytes after @entity3 was observed in the @entity8 pre-treatment group. Western blot analysis also demonstrated that @entity8 up-regulated autophagy in the cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity4 . Furthermore, @entity8 increased mitochondrial membrane potential, @entity5 content, @entity6 synthase activity and complexes I/II/III/IV/V activities in the cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity4 . Interestingly, @entity0 sterile 20-like kinase 1 ( @entity9 ) knockout abolished the protective effects of @entity8 administration. @entity8 enhances cardiac function, reduces cardiac enzyme and inflammatory markers release after @entity4 . The protective effects of @entity8 are associated with up-regulation of autophagy and improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis through @entity9 inhibition.

title: @entity8 alleviates post-infarction @entity1 by up-regulating autophagy through XXXX inhibition.

answer: @entity9


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ), which is characterized by chamber dilation and @entity2 , is associated with substantially higher mortality. We investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of @entity8 on post-infarction @entity1 . @entity4 was constructed by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. In vitro, cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity4 were used to probe mechanism. @entity8 significantly improved cardiac function, decreased cardiac enzyme and inflammatory cytokines release after @entity4 . Enhanced autophagic flux as indicated by more autophagosomes puncta, less accumulation of aggresomes and @entity7 in the neonatal cardiomyocytes after @entity3 was observed in the @entity8 pre-treatment group. Western blot analysis also demonstrated that @entity8 up-regulated autophagy in the cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity4 . Furthermore, @entity8 increased mitochondrial membrane potential, @entity5 content, @entity6 synthase activity and complexes I/II/III/IV/V activities in the cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity4 . Interestingly, @entity0 sterile 20-like kinase 1 ( @entity9 ) knockout abolished the protective effects of @entity8 administration. @entity8 enhances cardiac function, reduces cardiac enzyme and inflammatory markers release after @entity4 . The protective effects of @entity8 are associated with up-regulation of autophagy and improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis through @entity9 inhibition.

title: XXXX alleviates post-infarction @entity1 by up-regulating autophagy through @entity9 inhibition.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity4 ( @entity4 ), which is characterized by chamber dilation and @entity2 , is associated with substantially higher mortality. We investigated the effects and underlying mechanisms of @entity8 on post-infarction @entity1 . @entity4 was constructed by left anterior descending coronary artery ligation. In vitro, cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity4 were used to probe mechanism. @entity8 significantly improved cardiac function, decreased cardiac enzyme and inflammatory cytokines release after @entity4 . Enhanced autophagic flux as indicated by more autophagosomes puncta, less accumulation of aggresomes and @entity7 in the neonatal cardiomyocytes after @entity3 was observed in the @entity8 pre-treatment group. Western blot analysis also demonstrated that @entity8 up-regulated autophagy in the cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity4 . Furthermore, @entity8 increased mitochondrial membrane potential, @entity5 content, @entity6 synthase activity and complexes I/II/III/IV/V activities in the cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated @entity4 . Interestingly, @entity0 sterile 20-like kinase 1 ( @entity9 ) knockout abolished the protective effects of @entity8 administration. @entity8 enhances cardiac function, reduces cardiac enzyme and inflammatory markers release after @entity4 . The protective effects of @entity8 are associated with up-regulation of autophagy and improvement of mitochondrial biogenesis through @entity9 inhibition.

title: @entity8 alleviates post-infarction XXXX by up-regulating autophagy through @entity9 inhibition.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The plasma concentration of @entity3 ( @entity1 ; @entity2 ) was measured in different vascular beds in order to determine regional kinetics of endogenous @entity2 in fasting, supine subjects with normal (n = 6) or moderately decreased kidney function (n = 9). In both groups hepatic venous @entity2 was significantly below the value obtained in plasma from pulmonary artery, inferior vena cava, and renal veins (P less than 0.001), giving a net hepato-splanchnic extraction ratio of @entity2 about 33%. The concentration of @entity2 in renal veins was significantly below that of the pulmonary artery and inferior vena cava (P less than 0.05). Average net renal extraction ratio of @entity2 in normal kidneys was approximately 20%. Unilateral kidney function was assessed by 131I-hippuran renography, and the kidney with better function had a significantly higher extraction ratio when compared with the kidney with the lower function (P less than 0.025). @entity2 was inversely correlated to glomerular filtration rate (r = -0.59, P less than 0.02). Assuming a plasma flow of 800 and 600 ml/min in normal liver and kidneys, respectively, the average normal plasma clearances of @entity2 in these organs in the resting subject may be estimated to be 250 and 120 ml/min, respectively. The results indicate that the hepato-splanchnic region normally plays a major role in the biodegradation of endogenous circulating @entity2 . The kidneys also eliminate the compound, presumably the low-molecular-weight fraction of the material. The results may explain abnormally high values of circulating @entity2 in @entity0 with diseases in these organs.

title: Circulating hyaluronate: concentration in different vascular beds in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 with injuries to the midface frequently sustain ophthalmic injuries and @entity2 to the facial bones. Despite this, basic ophthalmic examination and assessment of important clinical signs are often missing from the records of @entity0 attending the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We implemented a structured record keeping tool to improve documentation for @entity0 presenting to the @entity3 with @entity1 . METHODS: At our institution, a structured record keeping tool was introduced to document important clinical features of @entity7 . This assessment tool included 17 key clinical diagnostic signs and symptoms including a six-part basic ophthalmic examination. We audited 369 @entity0 attending the @entity3 with suspected midface bony injuries using this tool. RESULTS: A statistically significant improvement in the documentation of all six ophthalmic parameters was seen. The documentation rate of visual acuity increased by 41.1% (SE 2.8; p<0.001); @entity5 by 45% (2.9; p<0.001); double vision by 51% (2.9; p<0.001); lateral subconjunctival @entity4 with no posterior limit by 83% (2.6; p<0.001) and enopthalmous by 86% (2.4; p<0.001). Documenting whether pupils were equal and react to light increased by 14% (1.4; p<0.001). In addition, 10 out of 11 non-ophthalmic parameters showed significant improvement. The mean global record keeping score increased from 45.3% (95% CI 42.7% to 47.7%) to 99.1% (95% CI 98.2% to 100%; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrates that a structured record keeping tool is a simple and effective method of significantly improving clinical documentation for @entity0 with @entity6 presenting to the @entity3 .

title: Quality improvement in documentation for @entity0 with suspected XXXX : use of a structured record keeping tool.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity0 with injuries to the midface frequently sustain ophthalmic injuries and @entity2 to the facial bones. Despite this, basic ophthalmic examination and assessment of important clinical signs are often missing from the records of @entity0 attending the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). We implemented a structured record keeping tool to improve documentation for @entity0 presenting to the @entity3 with @entity1 . METHODS: At our institution, a structured record keeping tool was introduced to document important clinical features of @entity7 . This assessment tool included 17 key clinical diagnostic signs and symptoms including a six-part basic ophthalmic examination. We audited 369 @entity0 attending the @entity3 with suspected midface bony injuries using this tool. RESULTS: A statistically significant improvement in the documentation of all six ophthalmic parameters was seen. The documentation rate of visual acuity increased by 41.1% (SE 2.8; p<0.001); @entity5 by 45% (2.9; p<0.001); double vision by 51% (2.9; p<0.001); lateral subconjunctival @entity4 with no posterior limit by 83% (2.6; p<0.001) and enopthalmous by 86% (2.4; p<0.001). Documenting whether pupils were equal and react to light increased by 14% (1.4; p<0.001). In addition, 10 out of 11 non-ophthalmic parameters showed significant improvement. The mean global record keeping score increased from 45.3% (95% CI 42.7% to 47.7%) to 99.1% (95% CI 98.2% to 100%; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrates that a structured record keeping tool is a simple and effective method of significantly improving clinical documentation for @entity0 with @entity6 presenting to the @entity3 .

title: Quality improvement in documentation for XXXX with suspected @entity2 : use of a structured record keeping tool.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Brain transplantation of neurons may reach two different targets: (1) drug delivery system: e.g. dopaminergic (DA) neurons in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) or indirect gene therapy in @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and (2) organotypic reconstruction: e.g. striatal neurons in @entity3 . Most published reports are phase 1, pilot trials: not all @entity0 are responders, graft is followed by a 30 p. 100 decrease of daily levodopa intake, with an improvement of duration and severity of defined "off" periods and a decrease of the UPDRS score measured in "off". Only one phase 2 trial is completed. A moderate improvement of motor symptoms was observed along with a decrease of daily antiparkinsonian drug intake. PET imaging with labelled fluorodopa shows typically an increase of Ki, meaning an increase of uptake in the striatum as compared to the cortex. @entity2 seen in some @entity0 suggest either a lesion effect into the striatum, or indicate that the heterotopy of the grafted neurons may be partially harmful to the motor pathways. Xenografts with porcine neurons led to poor survival. More than ten years following the first published results, whereas improvement of motor symptoms and reduction or cessation of dopaminergic drugs may be observed, transplantation remains a matter of technical and ethical concerns. It remains in the field of medical research. Many questions remain unanswered, namely: the best location and size of transplantation; the amount of grafted neurons; the need and duration of immunosuppressive treatments; the best source of neurons to be tarnsplanted and the long term effect as compared to other medical or surgical treatments. Nevertheless one can be convinced that this method may be not harmful to @entity0 and thus deserves new clinical trials aimed at giving logical and documented answers to the many questions asked above.

title: [Neuron transplantation and XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: Medical therapy with a @entity5 agonist is the most effective for treatment of a prolactin-producing @entity2 and is considered as primary treatment. Surgery and pituitary radiation are reserved for @entity0 who either do not tolerate or do not respond to a @entity5 agonist drug. A @entity7 analogue is effective medical therapy for @entity0 with @entity8 , and this is usually administered if there is persistent GH hypersecretion after surgical resection. Medical treatment for @entity0 with @entity3 is directed at the adrenal glands to reduce @entity4 hypersecretion. Unfortunately, there is no effective medical therapy to reduce pituitary corticotropin production. Medical therapy for a @entity2 with a @entity5 agonist or @entity7 analogue has limited utility but is employed in @entity0 who are unable to undergo surgery and may delay or prevent additional @entity1 growth. Many @entity0 with a @entity6 can be successfully treated with one treatment, either a @entity5 agonist for a @entity9 or surgery for other types of @entity1 . A substantial number of @entity0 require multimodality therapy, however, including medical therapy, surgery, and pituitary radiation. Because the biologic behavior of pituitary @entity2 varies considerably, a @entity0 with a @entity6 requires lifelong regular monitoring for hormone hypersecretion, @entity1 recurrence, and development of new @entity10 . A coordinated plan of care among endocrinologists, neurosurgeons, neuroophthalmologists, and radiation therapists is necessary to provide optimal care for these @entity0 .

title: Medical treatment of functional XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES:     To evaluate age- and gender-related changes in the soft tissues, incisors, and @entity2 during rest, speech, and posed @entity1 . MATERIALS AND METHODS:     A total of 265 @entity0 (122 @entity0 , 143 @entity0 ) ranging in age from 19 years to 60 years were recruited for this study. @entity0 were divided into one of the following four age groups: 19 to 24 years, 25 to 34 years, 35 to 44 years, and 45 to 60 years. Image capture was performed using standardized videographic methods. Each video produced pictures where measurements were performed: rest, speech, and @entity1 positions. RESULTS:     A statistically significant gender dimorphism was apparent in most of the variables. There was a significant @entity3 and lip commissures height with aging and more markedly in @entity0 . A greater exposure of mandibular incisor with increasing age was a feature in both genders. With increasing age there was a significant decrease in maxillary incisor display, especially for @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS:     After 25 years of age there is significant difference in the aging process between @entity0 and @entity0 . Gingival and maxillary incisor display during speech and @entity1 is a youthful and feminine characteristic.

title: Incisor display during speech and XXXX : Age and gender correlations.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Uterine @entity3 (UPSC) represents 10% of @entity2 . Significant number of @entity0 initially present with extrauterine disease. The role of adjuvant treatment in low stage, especially polyp-confined UPSC is controversial. This multi-institutional study evaluated the significance of positive pelvic washing (PW) and adjuvant treatment on disease recurrence in a setting of endometrial polyp-confined UPSC. Surgical pathology files from 3 institutions were searched for cases of endometrial polyp-confined UPSC. Following histologic review, cases were clinically staged as Stage I, without myoinvasion or lymphovascular invasion. Clinicopathologic characteristics, results of PW, and type of adjuvant therapy were recorded. Statistical analysis using the Kaplan-Meier method for survival and Fisher exact test were performed. Thirty-three @entity0 were included in the study. All @entity0 were diagnosed with polyp-confined UPSC. The size of the polyp ranged from 0.3 to 4.3 cm. PW was positive for @entity1 cells in 8/33 (24%) @entity0 . Twenty-two @entity0 (66.6%) received some type of adjuvant treatment. Six @entity0 (18%) developed recurrent disease. There was no significant difference in disease-free survival in the @entity0 receiving adjuvant treatment versus not (P=0.375). However, there was significant association (P=0.0013) between positive PW and disease recurrence. Data are conflicting whether positive PW affects prognosis in @entity2 . Our study showed that in UPSC, malignant cells can be present in PW without lymphovascular invasion or myoinvasion and may have negative prognostic implication. Our data also reflect the controversies in the role of adjuvant treatment in endometrium-confined UPSC.

title: Clinical Significance of Positive Pelvic Washings in Uterine XXXX Confined to an Endometrial Polyp.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Malignant mixed @entity1 ( @entity1 ) of the ovary is a rare and aggressive @entity1 with a poor prognosis. We present a case of a 57-year-old @entity0 with a large pelvic mass, omental cake, ascites and @entity3 , clinically highly suspect of an @entity2 . Paracentesis and ultrasound-guided biopsy of the ovary were negative for @entity1 . Therefore a CT-guided true cut biopsy was performed. The latter gave a histopathologic diagnosis of an @entity5 . However after cytoreductive surgery anatomopathologic examination revealed a malignant mixed @entity1 of the ovary with heterologous differentiation. Apparently only one of the two components was found in the puncture. Adjuvant chemotherapy, active against the @entity4 , was given. At present the @entity0 is well and disease free 35 months after the initial diagnosis. Cytological examination of ascites may be negative in the presence of @entity1 . If a @entity1 consists of two components, puncture can miss one, which may lead to undertreatment. Punctures should be discouraged as a diagnostic tool in @entity0 in whom an @entity2 is suspected.

title: Malignant mixed m  XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate which variables can predict walking ability and activity level 1 year after @entity2 and to describe changes over time regarding functional capacity. SUBJECTS: One hundred and fifty-seven @entity0 (111 @entity0 , 46 @entity0 ), mean age 80.9 (SD 9.5) years, operated on for @entity2 , and able to participate either fully or to some extent in performance tests approximately 1 week after operation were included. Due to high mortality and @entity4 , only 57 @entity0 participated in the 1-year follow-up. DESIGN AND METHODS: The @entity0 were tested at discharge regarding physical performance, @entity1 and bone mineral density. Status before @entity3 was evaluated by means of interview. At the 1-year follow-up, @entity0 were also asked about their activities outside the home. A stepwise logistic regression was used for prediction. RESULTS: The @entity0 had a significantly faster walking speed and better balance function after 1 year than before. The test "Timed up and go" was a strong predictor for both walking ability and activity level 1 year after @entity2 . Knowledge about the @entity0 's walking habits outdoors before @entity2 and the degree of independent walking before @entity2 strengthened the prediction.

title: Walking ability and activity level after XXXX in the elderly--a follow-up.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 in the trapeziometacarpal joint of the thumb can cause @entity1 and @entity4 . Treatment options include arthrodesis, replacement arthroplasty and interposition arthroplasty. Our objective in this clinical study was to determine outcomes after trapezial arthroplasty with a @entity7 rubber implant and the relationship between self-reported and measured outcomes. METHODS: At the Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Hospital, London, Ont., a tertiary care centre, we reviewed a series of 26 @entity0 with advanced @entity5 who underwent @entity7 rubber trapezial arthroplasty. The follow-up averaged 6.5 years. We assessed the outcomes subjectively, and by clinical, functional and radiographic examination. RESULTS: Although 88% of @entity0 reported some improvement in @entity2 and satisfaction, when quantified the improvement was less impressive: only 5.7 (on a visual analogue scale of 1-10, poor-excellent) for @entity2 and 5.6 for satisfaction. Superior subjective results were reported by @entity0 older than 60 years. Osteoarthritic changes had caused pronounced functional impairment in the hands of @entity0 who underwent surgery and those who did not, so that any long-term benefit of surgery was not measurable. @entity0 had difficulty manipulating both small and large objects on the Jebsen's hand function test. Peri-implant and carpal radiographic lytic changes were observed in 90% of @entity0 . Six @entity0 (20%) required revision surgery (3 early, 3 late), including 1 with a pathologic @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Although clinical, functional and radiographic results were poor, they did not predict either satisfaction or @entity2 improvement reported by @entity0 , illustrating the need for a comprehensive standardized outcome evaluation to make informed decisions on the value of surgical intervention for @entity5 of the trapeziometacarpal joint.

title: Trapezial arthroplasty with XXXX rubber implantation for advanced @entity5 of the trapeziometacarpal joint of the thumb.

answer: @entity7


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity6 in the trapeziometacarpal joint of the thumb can cause @entity1 and @entity4 . Treatment options include arthrodesis, replacement arthroplasty and interposition arthroplasty. Our objective in this clinical study was to determine outcomes after trapezial arthroplasty with a @entity7 rubber implant and the relationship between self-reported and measured outcomes. METHODS: At the Hand and Upper Limb Centre, St. Joseph's Hospital, London, Ont., a tertiary care centre, we reviewed a series of 26 @entity0 with advanced @entity5 who underwent @entity7 rubber trapezial arthroplasty. The follow-up averaged 6.5 years. We assessed the outcomes subjectively, and by clinical, functional and radiographic examination. RESULTS: Although 88% of @entity0 reported some improvement in @entity2 and satisfaction, when quantified the improvement was less impressive: only 5.7 (on a visual analogue scale of 1-10, poor-excellent) for @entity2 and 5.6 for satisfaction. Superior subjective results were reported by @entity0 older than 60 years. Osteoarthritic changes had caused pronounced functional impairment in the hands of @entity0 who underwent surgery and those who did not, so that any long-term benefit of surgery was not measurable. @entity0 had difficulty manipulating both small and large objects on the Jebsen's hand function test. Peri-implant and carpal radiographic lytic changes were observed in 90% of @entity0 . Six @entity0 (20%) required revision surgery (3 early, 3 late), including 1 with a pathologic @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: Although clinical, functional and radiographic results were poor, they did not predict either satisfaction or @entity2 improvement reported by @entity0 , illustrating the need for a comprehensive standardized outcome evaluation to make informed decisions on the value of surgical intervention for @entity5 of the trapeziometacarpal joint.

title: Trapezial arthroplasty with @entity7 rubber implantation for advanced XXXX of the trapeziometacarpal joint of the thumb.

answer: @entity5


abstract: AIM: The study objective was to evaluate the efficacy of occlusions of large and @entity2 with microcoils using stent assistance (SA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study is based on analysis of treatment outcomes in 37 @entity0 with large (15-25mm) and giant (more than 25mm) @entity2 , aged 18 to 72 years, who were hospitalized at the Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute in the period between 2004 and 2014. Selection of @entity0 for endovascular treatment using SA was based on the anatomical parameters of the @entity3 and carrier vessel. The main determining factor was the index of the @entity3 body to neck size ratio. @entity3 was performed with microcoils of different configurations, including those with a biologically active coating. Self-expanding stents with both an open-cell and closed-cell design were used for SA. The results of intervention for large and @entity3 were evaluated using control angiography immediately after occlusion of the @entity3 . The condition of @entity0 with @entity3 as well as with @entity5 in the "cold" period was evaluated using the modified Rankin scale. The condition of @entity0 in the acute period of @entity6 was evaluated on the Hunt and Hess scale. RESULTS: The technical success (successful implantation of stents and coils with total or subtotal @entity3 ) was 94.5%. The postoperative disability was 2.7%; mortality was 2.7%. 28 @entity0 were followed up for the period of 5 to 84 months (the mean was 20 months.). In the long-term period, the total and @entity1 rate, including the results of re-operations, amounted to 90%. @entity4 was 10.7%, and mortality was 3.5%. CONCLUSION: Stent assistance enables achieving total or @entity1 of large and @entity3 in 90% of cases. In certain clinical situations, it is an alternative to other existing methods.

title: [Endovascular treatment of large and XXXX using stent assistance].

answer: @entity2