abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe different patterns of associated @entity2 in preterm and full-term @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and to assess whether these different patterns are related to gestational age at onset. DESIGN: Magnetic resonance scans of all neonates (six preterm, 24 full term) with suspected @entity6 , collected over a 7-year period in two neonatal intensive care units, were evaluated to assess patterns of associated @entity2 . Comparisons between the two gestational age groups were made. RESULTS: @entity6 was confirmed on magnetic resonance venography in 26 of 30 neonates (six preterm, 20>= 36 weeks' gestational age). The straight (85%) and superior sagittal (65%) sinus were most often affected. Several sinuses were involved in 81% of @entity0 . White matter damage affecting the entire periventricular white matter was seen in five of six preterm @entity0 . @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was common in both groups (4/6 preterm, 16/20 full term). @entity1 with restricted diffusion (15/20) and @entity4 associated with @entity4 (11/20) were the most frequent lesions in full-term @entity0 . Focal arterial @entity5 was present in four of 20 full-term @entity0 . Six @entity0 died in the neonatal period (four preterm, two full term). Follow-up MRIs at 3 months in all survivors showed evolution of the lesions with frontal @entity3 in 13 of 20 (12 full term) and delayed myelination in seven of 20 (six full term). CONCLUSIONS: Preterm and full-term neonates show different patterns of associated @entity2 . Extensive white matter damage is the predominant pattern of injury in the preterm @entity0 , while an @entity4 associated with a thalamic @entity1 are more common in the full-term @entity0 .

title: The spectrum of associated @entity2 in XXXX : relation to gestational age and outcome.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe different patterns of associated @entity2 in preterm and full-term @entity0 with @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and to assess whether these different patterns are related to gestational age at onset. DESIGN: Magnetic resonance scans of all neonates (six preterm, 24 full term) with suspected @entity6 , collected over a 7-year period in two neonatal intensive care units, were evaluated to assess patterns of associated @entity2 . Comparisons between the two gestational age groups were made. RESULTS: @entity6 was confirmed on magnetic resonance venography in 26 of 30 neonates (six preterm, 20>= 36 weeks' gestational age). The straight (85%) and superior sagittal (65%) sinus were most often affected. Several sinuses were involved in 81% of @entity0 . White matter damage affecting the entire periventricular white matter was seen in five of six preterm @entity0 . @entity4 ( @entity4 ) was common in both groups (4/6 preterm, 16/20 full term). @entity1 with restricted diffusion (15/20) and @entity4 associated with @entity4 (11/20) were the most frequent lesions in full-term @entity0 . Focal arterial @entity5 was present in four of 20 full-term @entity0 . Six @entity0 died in the neonatal period (four preterm, two full term). Follow-up MRIs at 3 months in all survivors showed evolution of the lesions with frontal @entity3 in 13 of 20 (12 full term) and delayed myelination in seven of 20 (six full term). CONCLUSIONS: Preterm and full-term neonates show different patterns of associated @entity2 . Extensive white matter damage is the predominant pattern of injury in the preterm @entity0 , while an @entity4 associated with a thalamic @entity1 are more common in the full-term @entity0 .

title: The spectrum of associated XXXX in @entity6 : relation to gestational age and outcome.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The serum @entity4 test has been widely used in the last decade as an effective screening tool for @entity2 (CaP). However, the high false-positive rate of the serum @entity4 test necessitates the development of more accurate diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for CaP. Promising diagnostic potential of serum protein patterns detected by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry for CaP has recently been reported. Independent evaluation of this new technology is warranted to realize its translational utility. We determined whether serum protein profiling by surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and a decision tree algorithm classification system could accurately discriminate between @entity0 with CaP and unaffected individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Proteomic spectra of crude serum were generated using the Ciphergen ProteinChip System and pattern detection was performed using Biomarker Patterns Software (Ciphergen Biosystems, Inc., Fremont, California). A total of 106 @entity0 with CaP and 56 controls were randomly allocated to a training set and a test set. The training set, which consisted of 44 @entity0 with @entity1 and 30 controls, was used to build a decision tree algorithm. The test set, which consisted of 62 @entity0 with @entity1 and 26 controls, was used in blinded fashion to validate the decision tree. RESULTS: Accuracy of classification using the test set was 67% and 42% for the weak cation exchange array and the @entity3 metal affinity capture array, respectively. Combined spectral data from the weak cation exchange and @entity3 metal affinity capture arrays generated an algorithm that achieved 85% sensitivity and 85% specificity for the detection of CaP. CONCLUSIONS: These preliminary findings support recent observations that complex protein profiles have promising potential for the early detection of CaP and warrant future studies with streamlined technology. Furthermore, the combined effect of using 2 array types can greatly enhance the ability of protein profile patterns, suggesting the potential usefulness of alternative approaches to evaluate this new emerging technology.

title: Diagnostic potential of serum proteomic patterns in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIM: @entity1 (ACL) has been suggested to alter the neuromuscular mechanism in the lower extremity. However, conclusive evidence regarding this occurrence has yet to be established during closed kinetic chain exercise. The purpose of this study was to assess differences in muscle activation during slideboard exercise between non-injured, @entity2 , and ACL reconstructed individuals. METHODS:                 <AbstractText Label="EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">comparative study. SETTING: research laboratory. @entity0 : subjects for this study included 10 healthy, non-injured (NI) individuals, 7 uni-lateral @entity2 ( @entity2 ) individuals, and 6 uni-lateral ACL reconstructed (ACLR) individuals. INTERVENTIONS: EMG activity was measured from the vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), lateral hamstring (LH), tibialis anterior (TA), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscles during slideboard performance. MEASURES: EMG for each muscle during each of 6 phases of 1 average slideboard cycle was expressed as a percentage of EMG during a maximal @entity3 . RESULTS: The results demonstrated that during slideboard phase I the VM, VL, and TA muscles generated the greatest amount of activity as compared to the other muscles. Vastus medialis muscle activation was found to be significantly higher than the other muscles in the involved/dominant limb, as compared to the non-involved/non-dominant limb during slideboard phase II. During slideboard phases III-VI, tibialis anterior muscle activation was found to be consistently higher than the other muscles, while hamstring muscle activity was consistently the lowest. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that adaptive changes following @entity1 during a dynamic, closed kinetic chain activity such as the slideboard exercise, may be a restoration of a bi-lateral balance in muscle activation.

title: The effects of XXXX on lower extremity activation during closed kinetic chain exercise.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity7 may have a variety of causes. This article focuses on focal @entity4 because of neural entrapment associated with static mechanical compression or dynamic compression/stretching. Mechanical compression may relate to direct blunt @entity6 , @entity10 , mass effect associated with adjacent mass lesions, and frictional effects associated with @entity5 . Stretching @entity6 may be associated with abnormalities in alignment such as plano-valgus hindfoot and hindfoot pronation. Recurrent @entity9 may also cause @entity6 . @entity6 may be associated with denervation of the muscles supplied by the nerve. Electromyography (EMG) remains the gold standard for diagnosis of denervation. Diagnostic imaging plays a complementary role to EMG in difficult cases, the anticoagulated @entity0 , and in clarifying the etiology of an EMG-demonstrated @entity2 . Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound can be used in peripheral nerve imaging to demonstrate extrinsic compressive lesions, focal @entity4 such as @entity1 and @entity1 , focal neural scarring (posttraumatic @entity8 in continuity) and @entity3 . Imaging can also demonstrate the effects of muscle denervation. Focal areas of tenderness can be highlighted using skin markers for magnetic resonance imaging and by transducer palpation on ultrasound. Ultrasound can be particularly useful in assessing for intrinsic lesions in small peripheral nerves because of the superior spatial resolution of ultrasound in assessing superficial structures. Plain x-rays (and sometimes computed tomography scanning) may show significant bone changes and should be the initial imaging modality.

title: Imaging of XXXX in the lower limb.

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: @entity0 with acute @entity2 require immediate medical treatment, and a CT to rule out @entity3 is required before tPA. We adapted our protocol to include multimodal CT: unenhanced CT, CTA, and @entity4 . The purpose of this study was to determine whether multimodal CT imaging delays initiation of IV tPA beyond 60 minutes from hospital arrival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All @entity0 admitted during 3 years through the ED with a @entity1 alert and time from symptom onset to hospital arrival <2.5 hours were included. We examined 2 subgroups (multimodal CT versus unenhanced CT) to determine whether multimodal CT delayed tPA administration. Logistic regression was used to identify variables that predicted tPA within 60 minutes. RESULTS: There were 123 @entity0 in the analysis, including 108 @entity0 who were examined with multimodal CT. The median time from arrival to tPA was 56 minutes and was shorter for @entity0 examined with multimodal CT (55 versus 78 minutes, P = .02). After adjustment, variables that were associated with tPA administration within 60 minutes included prehospital @entity1 alert (OR = 3.47, P = .03), time to CT (OR = 0.94, P = .01), and onset-to-arrival time (OR = 1.02, P = .04). There was no statistically significant difference in the odds of receiving timely tPA for multimodal versus unenhanced CT (OR = 3.99, P = .07). CONCLUSIONS: In our single-center experience, the use of multimodal imaging in @entity0 with @entity1 did not delay IV tPA beyond 60 minutes. Further study is needed to assess the feasibility of the routine use of multimodal imaging in the @entity1 .

title: Multimodal imaging does not delay intravenous thrombolytic therapy in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity13 ( @entity13 ) is a pregnancy-specific liver condition that typically presents with generalised @entity1 in the absence of a @entity8 in the late second trimester or third trimester. It is more common in certain ethnic groups, particularly those from South Asian, South American, Nordic and Scandinavian regions, and has a familial and genetic basis. Recent research suggests that the pathophysiology may reside in mutations in genes that code for @entity12 transporter proteins. Mutations involving the @entity12 transporters may impair maternal excretion and influence transplacental passage of @entity11 . It is hypothesised that the surge in pregnancy @entity2 hormones may result in genetically predisposed @entity0 developing @entity7 . The condition is also associated with increased perinatal morbidity and mortality, particularly from @entity10 , @entity3 and intrauterine @entity4 . Animal studies have shown that @entity11 are @entity6 , which may help explain the condition's association with @entity3 and @entity9 . Accurate diagnosis relies on a high index of suspicion, and the findings of @entity5 tests and raised serum @entity12 levels after the exclusion of other organic causes of @entity5 . Ursodeoxycholic acid helps relieve symptoms, improve serum @entity12 levels and possibly has a cardioprotective effect. Active management, in the form of close antepartum fetal monitoring and delivery before 37 weeks, helps to decrease the risk of intrauterine @entity4 , though possibly at the expense of increased obstetric intervention. Following delivery, there is usually a dramatic improvement of symptoms and resolution of the condition. @entity0 should be counselled about the high recurrence risk of @entity13 in subsequent pregnancies.

title: XXXX : current opinions and management.

answer: @entity13


abstract: The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of @entity7 and @entity10 (HC-3) on reflex @entity5 and @entity2 have been studied in unanesthetized @entity0 . The reflex increases and decreases in @entity1 were elicited by i.v. injection of @entity4 and @entity6 , respectively. @entity7 (5-10 micrograms) increased basal mean arterial pressure (MAP), reduced basal @entity1 ( @entity1 ), enhanced the reflex @entity5 and reduced reflex @entity2 . @entity7 did not modify either the pressor effect of @entity4 , the depressor effect of @entity6 or the responsiveness of peripheral muscarinic receptors. Pretreatment (i.c.v.) with @entity8 (0.3 micrograms) completely abolished the effect of @entity7 on MAP, @entity1 , reflex @entity5 and reflex @entity2 . Pretreatment (i.c.v.) with @entity9 (50 micrograms) did not modify the effect of the cholinesterase inhibitor on MAP, @entity1 and reflex @entity2 , but inverted its effect on reflex @entity5 . Injection of HC-3 (20 micrograms i.c.v.) did not modify MAP, but reduced @entity1 and inhibited both reflex @entity5 and reflex @entity2 . The HC-3 bradycardic effect started within minutes and lasted for about 1 hr, while the depressor effect on the reflexes began only after 15 min and continued for several hours. In addition, i.c.v. pretreatment with HC-3 completely abolished all the effects of @entity7 on MAP, @entity1 , reflex @entity5 and reflex @entity2 . These results suggest that brain @entity3 has a modulatory effect on baroreceptor reflexes. This modulation operates through muscarinic receptors in reflex @entity2 and through both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in reflex @entity5 .

title: Modulatory effect of brain @entity3 on reflex-induced XXXX and @entity2 in conscious @entity0 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of @entity7 and @entity10 (HC-3) on reflex @entity5 and @entity2 have been studied in unanesthetized @entity0 . The reflex increases and decreases in @entity1 were elicited by i.v. injection of @entity4 and @entity6 , respectively. @entity7 (5-10 micrograms) increased basal mean arterial pressure (MAP), reduced basal @entity1 ( @entity1 ), enhanced the reflex @entity5 and reduced reflex @entity2 . @entity7 did not modify either the pressor effect of @entity4 , the depressor effect of @entity6 or the responsiveness of peripheral muscarinic receptors. Pretreatment (i.c.v.) with @entity8 (0.3 micrograms) completely abolished the effect of @entity7 on MAP, @entity1 , reflex @entity5 and reflex @entity2 . Pretreatment (i.c.v.) with @entity9 (50 micrograms) did not modify the effect of the cholinesterase inhibitor on MAP, @entity1 and reflex @entity2 , but inverted its effect on reflex @entity5 . Injection of HC-3 (20 micrograms i.c.v.) did not modify MAP, but reduced @entity1 and inhibited both reflex @entity5 and reflex @entity2 . The HC-3 bradycardic effect started within minutes and lasted for about 1 hr, while the depressor effect on the reflexes began only after 15 min and continued for several hours. In addition, i.c.v. pretreatment with HC-3 completely abolished all the effects of @entity7 on MAP, @entity1 , reflex @entity5 and reflex @entity2 . These results suggest that brain @entity3 has a modulatory effect on baroreceptor reflexes. This modulation operates through muscarinic receptors in reflex @entity2 and through both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in reflex @entity5 .

title: Modulatory effect of brain XXXX on reflex-induced @entity5 and @entity2 in conscious @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of @entity7 and @entity10 (HC-3) on reflex @entity5 and @entity2 have been studied in unanesthetized @entity0 . The reflex increases and decreases in @entity1 were elicited by i.v. injection of @entity4 and @entity6 , respectively. @entity7 (5-10 micrograms) increased basal mean arterial pressure (MAP), reduced basal @entity1 ( @entity1 ), enhanced the reflex @entity5 and reduced reflex @entity2 . @entity7 did not modify either the pressor effect of @entity4 , the depressor effect of @entity6 or the responsiveness of peripheral muscarinic receptors. Pretreatment (i.c.v.) with @entity8 (0.3 micrograms) completely abolished the effect of @entity7 on MAP, @entity1 , reflex @entity5 and reflex @entity2 . Pretreatment (i.c.v.) with @entity9 (50 micrograms) did not modify the effect of the cholinesterase inhibitor on MAP, @entity1 and reflex @entity2 , but inverted its effect on reflex @entity5 . Injection of HC-3 (20 micrograms i.c.v.) did not modify MAP, but reduced @entity1 and inhibited both reflex @entity5 and reflex @entity2 . The HC-3 bradycardic effect started within minutes and lasted for about 1 hr, while the depressor effect on the reflexes began only after 15 min and continued for several hours. In addition, i.c.v. pretreatment with HC-3 completely abolished all the effects of @entity7 on MAP, @entity1 , reflex @entity5 and reflex @entity2 . These results suggest that brain @entity3 has a modulatory effect on baroreceptor reflexes. This modulation operates through muscarinic receptors in reflex @entity2 and through both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in reflex @entity5 .

title: Modulatory effect of brain @entity3 on reflex-induced @entity5 and XXXX in conscious @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of @entity7 and @entity10 (HC-3) on reflex @entity5 and @entity2 have been studied in unanesthetized @entity0 . The reflex increases and decreases in @entity1 were elicited by i.v. injection of @entity4 and @entity6 , respectively. @entity7 (5-10 micrograms) increased basal mean arterial pressure (MAP), reduced basal @entity1 ( @entity1 ), enhanced the reflex @entity5 and reduced reflex @entity2 . @entity7 did not modify either the pressor effect of @entity4 , the depressor effect of @entity6 or the responsiveness of peripheral muscarinic receptors. Pretreatment (i.c.v.) with @entity8 (0.3 micrograms) completely abolished the effect of @entity7 on MAP, @entity1 , reflex @entity5 and reflex @entity2 . Pretreatment (i.c.v.) with @entity9 (50 micrograms) did not modify the effect of the cholinesterase inhibitor on MAP, @entity1 and reflex @entity2 , but inverted its effect on reflex @entity5 . Injection of HC-3 (20 micrograms i.c.v.) did not modify MAP, but reduced @entity1 and inhibited both reflex @entity5 and reflex @entity2 . The HC-3 bradycardic effect started within minutes and lasted for about 1 hr, while the depressor effect on the reflexes began only after 15 min and continued for several hours. In addition, i.c.v. pretreatment with HC-3 completely abolished all the effects of @entity7 on MAP, @entity1 , reflex @entity5 and reflex @entity2 . These results suggest that brain @entity3 has a modulatory effect on baroreceptor reflexes. This modulation operates through muscarinic receptors in reflex @entity2 and through both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in reflex @entity5 .

title: Modulatory effect of brain @entity3 on reflex-induced @entity5 and @entity2 in conscious XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) has been widely established in the treatment of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). However, only few studies have evaluated long-term effects of this treatment on lung function. This study assesses the effect of nCPAP on lung function parameters and response to bronchodilators in 50 @entity1 @entity0 . Spirometry and arterial blood gas measurements were performed before starting nCPAP and after 16.8 +/- 8 months of treatment. Of the 50 study @entity0 (55 +/- 12 years, with an @entity3 / @entity4 index of 47 +/- 34h(-1)), 15 had @entity5 , 13 had @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and 22 had no obstructive @entity7 (NOAD). In the entire population, significant decreases in FEF50 (from 69 +/- 38% to 61 +/- 30%, P < 0.005), FEF25 (from 53 +/- 34% to 46 +/- 28%, P < 0.05) and FEF25-75 (from 65 +/- 33% to 57 +/- 27%, P < 0.005) were observed after treatment. No @entity2 was found in @entity7 and @entity6 @entity0 . In contrast, lung function was changed in the NOAD group where FEF50, FEF25 and FEF25-75 as well as FEV1 and FEV1/VC ratio were significantly reduced. Moreover, @entity8 occurred in five of 22 @entity0 of this group. These results suggest that tolerance of nCPAP should be handled by long-term follow-up of flow-volume loops.

title: Should flow-volume loop be monitored in sleep XXXX @entity0 treated with continuous positive airway pressure?

answer: @entity3


abstract: Nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) has been widely established in the treatment of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). However, only few studies have evaluated long-term effects of this treatment on lung function. This study assesses the effect of nCPAP on lung function parameters and response to bronchodilators in 50 @entity1 @entity0 . Spirometry and arterial blood gas measurements were performed before starting nCPAP and after 16.8 +/- 8 months of treatment. Of the 50 study @entity0 (55 +/- 12 years, with an @entity3 / @entity4 index of 47 +/- 34h(-1)), 15 had @entity5 , 13 had @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and 22 had no obstructive @entity7 (NOAD). In the entire population, significant decreases in FEF50 (from 69 +/- 38% to 61 +/- 30%, P < 0.005), FEF25 (from 53 +/- 34% to 46 +/- 28%, P < 0.05) and FEF25-75 (from 65 +/- 33% to 57 +/- 27%, P < 0.005) were observed after treatment. No @entity2 was found in @entity7 and @entity6 @entity0 . In contrast, lung function was changed in the NOAD group where FEF50, FEF25 and FEF25-75 as well as FEV1 and FEV1/VC ratio were significantly reduced. Moreover, @entity8 occurred in five of 22 @entity0 of this group. These results suggest that tolerance of nCPAP should be handled by long-term follow-up of flow-volume loops.

title: Should flow-volume loop be monitored in sleep @entity3 XXXX treated with continuous positive airway pressure?

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity1 aging is characterized by chronic low-grade @entity3 known as "inflammaging." Persistent low-level @entity3 also plays a key role in all stages of @entity0 since "inflammaging" is the potential link between @entity2 and aging through NF-kB pathways highly influenced by specific miRs. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at a posttranscriptional level. Inflamma-miRs have been implicated in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Their abnormal expression contributes to the chronic pro-inflammatory status documented in normal aging and major @entity4 ( @entity4 ), inflammaging being a significant mortality risk factor in both cases. Nevertheless, the correct diagnosis of inflammaging is difficult to make and its hidden contribution to negative health outcomes remains unknown. This methodological work flow was aimed at defining crucial unanswered questions about inflammaging that can be used to clarify aging-related miRNAs in serum and cell lines as well as their targets, thus confirming their role in aging and @entity0 . Moreover, we aim to highlight the links between the pro-inflammatory mechanism underlying the @entity2 and aging processes and the precise function of certain miRNAs in cellular senescence (CS). In addition, miRNAs and @entity2 genes represent the basis for new therapeutic findings indicating that both @entity2 and @entity4 genes are possible candidates involved in CS and vice versa. Our goal is to obtain a focused review that could facilitate future approaches in the investigation of the mechanisms by which miRNAs control the aging process by acting as efficient @entity4 inflammatory biomarkers. An understanding of the sources and modulation of inflamma-miRs along with the identification of their specific target genes could enhance their therapeutic potential.

title: Inflamma-miRs in Aging and XXXX : Are They Reliable Players?

answer: @entity0


abstract: Previously we reported delayed cell @entity1 , defined by clear-cut cell loss 60 days after a @entity5 -induced @entity3 episode. The loss of cells was not apparent two weeks after the treatment, although some changes in cellular appearance were observed at that time. A similar delayed loss of neurons in the hippocampus after @entity3 induced by @entity2 has also been found. In addition, we reported that the amount of @entity7 induced by the @entity6 can be reduced by the stress produced by handling and the injection of saline 2 or 24 h before the @entity5 administration. The degree of methemoglobin formed is directly related to cell @entity1 in certain areas of the brain, including regions within the hippocampus. Considering the many effects that can be produced by chronic and acute stress of several kinds and the length of time during which these effects manifest themselves, we undertook to determine the histologic effects of the stresses of transport on the neuroanatomic effects of @entity6 administration 60 days post administration. Comparisons were made of the effects of two methods of transport from the laboratory in which the animals (male @entity4 @entity0 ) were injected with the @entity6 or saline (Tufts Medical School) to the laboratory in which the histologic evaluations were made (Binghamton University). The animals began their travel several hours after the injections. One transport method was by commuter airline and the other was by automobile. All animals had the same transport from the supplier to the Boston location (truck). Thus, the stress of experimental interest occurred after the @entity5 administration. Upon arrival at Binghamton University, the animals were housed at the University in their own colony room for 60 days before sacrifice. After sacrifice, sections from their brains were subjected to a number of histologic staining procedures, including PTAH, the @entity8 method, GFAP, and the standard Nissl procedure. Although special attention was paid to hippocampal areas, changes in cells in the habenulae and the linings of ventricular areas were also prominent. Surprisingly, the @entity5 treatment before transport to Binghamton offered partial protection against the very substantial and lasting effects of the injections, transport, and handling found in the control animals. Differential effects caused by the two methods of transport were also noted.

title: Environmental conditions unexpectedly affect the long-term extent of cell @entity1 following an XXXX episode.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Previously we reported delayed cell @entity1 , defined by clear-cut cell loss 60 days after a @entity5 -induced @entity3 episode. The loss of cells was not apparent two weeks after the treatment, although some changes in cellular appearance were observed at that time. A similar delayed loss of neurons in the hippocampus after @entity3 induced by @entity2 has also been found. In addition, we reported that the amount of @entity7 induced by the @entity6 can be reduced by the stress produced by handling and the injection of saline 2 or 24 h before the @entity5 administration. The degree of methemoglobin formed is directly related to cell @entity1 in certain areas of the brain, including regions within the hippocampus. Considering the many effects that can be produced by chronic and acute stress of several kinds and the length of time during which these effects manifest themselves, we undertook to determine the histologic effects of the stresses of transport on the neuroanatomic effects of @entity6 administration 60 days post administration. Comparisons were made of the effects of two methods of transport from the laboratory in which the animals (male @entity4 @entity0 ) were injected with the @entity6 or saline (Tufts Medical School) to the laboratory in which the histologic evaluations were made (Binghamton University). The animals began their travel several hours after the injections. One transport method was by commuter airline and the other was by automobile. All animals had the same transport from the supplier to the Boston location (truck). Thus, the stress of experimental interest occurred after the @entity5 administration. Upon arrival at Binghamton University, the animals were housed at the University in their own colony room for 60 days before sacrifice. After sacrifice, sections from their brains were subjected to a number of histologic staining procedures, including PTAH, the @entity8 method, GFAP, and the standard Nissl procedure. Although special attention was paid to hippocampal areas, changes in cells in the habenulae and the linings of ventricular areas were also prominent. Surprisingly, the @entity5 treatment before transport to Binghamton offered partial protection against the very substantial and lasting effects of the injections, transport, and handling found in the control animals. Differential effects caused by the two methods of transport were also noted.

title: Environmental conditions unexpectedly affect the long-term extent of cell XXXX following an @entity3 episode.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: A phase II study was conducted to assess the efficacy and tolerability of substituting @entity5 for @entity9 in combination with @entity7 in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with previously untreated metastatic or unresectable measurable biliary @entity6 received oral @entity5 1250 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1-14, and intravenous @entity7 60 mg/m(2) on day 1. This cycle was repeated every 21 days. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity0 were enrolled in this study. Of these, 38 were assessable for efficacy and 41 were assessable for safety. A median of three cycles of treatment (range one to eight) were administered. One @entity0 achieved a complete response, and eight had partial responses, giving an overall response rate of 21.4% in the intention-to-treat population (95% confidence interval 9.1% to 33.9%). The median response duration was 5.1 months. The median time to progression and median overall survival were 3.7 and 9.1 months, respectively. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were @entity8 (20% of @entity0 ), @entity4 (12%), @entity3 (7%) and @entity10 (5%). There were no treatment-related @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity5 and @entity7 has promising antitumor activity and is well tolerated in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 .

title: Phase II study of @entity5 plus XXXX as first-line chemotherapy in advanced @entity1 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: BACKGROUND: A phase II study was conducted to assess the efficacy and tolerability of substituting @entity5 for @entity9 in combination with @entity7 in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with previously untreated metastatic or unresectable measurable biliary @entity6 received oral @entity5 1250 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1-14, and intravenous @entity7 60 mg/m(2) on day 1. This cycle was repeated every 21 days. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity0 were enrolled in this study. Of these, 38 were assessable for efficacy and 41 were assessable for safety. A median of three cycles of treatment (range one to eight) were administered. One @entity0 achieved a complete response, and eight had partial responses, giving an overall response rate of 21.4% in the intention-to-treat population (95% confidence interval 9.1% to 33.9%). The median response duration was 5.1 months. The median time to progression and median overall survival were 3.7 and 9.1 months, respectively. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were @entity8 (20% of @entity0 ), @entity4 (12%), @entity3 (7%) and @entity10 (5%). There were no treatment-related @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity5 and @entity7 has promising antitumor activity and is well tolerated in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 .

title: Phase II study of XXXX plus @entity7 as first-line chemotherapy in advanced @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: A phase II study was conducted to assess the efficacy and tolerability of substituting @entity5 for @entity9 in combination with @entity7 in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: @entity0 with previously untreated metastatic or unresectable measurable biliary @entity6 received oral @entity5 1250 mg/m(2) twice daily on days 1-14, and intravenous @entity7 60 mg/m(2) on day 1. This cycle was repeated every 21 days. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity0 were enrolled in this study. Of these, 38 were assessable for efficacy and 41 were assessable for safety. A median of three cycles of treatment (range one to eight) were administered. One @entity0 achieved a complete response, and eight had partial responses, giving an overall response rate of 21.4% in the intention-to-treat population (95% confidence interval 9.1% to 33.9%). The median response duration was 5.1 months. The median time to progression and median overall survival were 3.7 and 9.1 months, respectively. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were @entity8 (20% of @entity0 ), @entity4 (12%), @entity3 (7%) and @entity10 (5%). There were no treatment-related @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: The combination of @entity5 and @entity7 has promising antitumor activity and is well tolerated in @entity0 with advanced @entity1 .

title: Phase II study of @entity5 plus @entity7 as first-line chemotherapy in advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the Finnish @entity1 Risk Score in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and in different phenotypes of @entity6 and controls. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: General community. @entity0 (S): Overweight premenopausal @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity6 (n = 29), non- @entity3 @entity6 (n = 25), or controls (n = 27). INTERVENTION(S): No intervention provided. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Finnish @entity1 Risk Score, anthropometrics, oral @entity4 tolerance test (OGTT), @entity4 , @entity5 , and reproductive hormone levels. RESULT(S): The @entity0 with @entity3 @entity6 had higher adiposity, abdominal adiposity and 120-minute OGTT @entity4 . The @entity0 with @entity3 and non- @entity3 @entity6 had elevated 120-minute OGTT @entity5 compared with controls. The @entity0 with @entity3 (11.3    0.7) and non- @entity3 @entity6 (10.4    0.7) had similar @entity1 risk scores, but both had higher @entity1 risk score compared with controls (7.6    0.8) maintained on adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI). The @entity0 with @entity3 (4%) and non- @entity3 @entity6 (12%) had a lower prevalence of low risk of @entity1 scores compared with controls (50%). CONCLUSION(S): We report for the first time that @entity0 with @entity3 and non- @entity3 @entity6 have similar Finnish @entity1 Risk Scores and elevated scores relative to controls independent of age and adiposity. Similar clinical screening and treatment practices for @entity2 2 @entity1 are warranted for both phenotypes of @entity6 .

title: @entity1 risk score in the diagnostic categories of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the Finnish @entity1 Risk Score in @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and in different phenotypes of @entity6 and controls. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: General community. @entity0 (S): Overweight premenopausal @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) @entity6 (n = 29), non- @entity3 @entity6 (n = 25), or controls (n = 27). INTERVENTION(S): No intervention provided. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Finnish @entity1 Risk Score, anthropometrics, oral @entity4 tolerance test (OGTT), @entity4 , @entity5 , and reproductive hormone levels. RESULT(S): The @entity0 with @entity3 @entity6 had higher adiposity, abdominal adiposity and 120-minute OGTT @entity4 . The @entity0 with @entity3 and non- @entity3 @entity6 had elevated 120-minute OGTT @entity5 compared with controls. The @entity0 with @entity3 (11.3    0.7) and non- @entity3 @entity6 (10.4    0.7) had similar @entity1 risk scores, but both had higher @entity1 risk score compared with controls (7.6    0.8) maintained on adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI). The @entity0 with @entity3 (4%) and non- @entity3 @entity6 (12%) had a lower prevalence of low risk of @entity1 scores compared with controls (50%). CONCLUSION(S): We report for the first time that @entity0 with @entity3 and non- @entity3 @entity6 have similar Finnish @entity1 Risk Scores and elevated scores relative to controls independent of age and adiposity. Similar clinical screening and treatment practices for @entity2 2 @entity1 are warranted for both phenotypes of @entity6 .

title: XXXX risk score in the diagnostic categories of @entity6 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine if persistent airway tissue mast cells are associated with treatment failure when @entity0 discontinue inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Multicenter, tertiary referral centers. @entity0 OR @entity0 : Forty-five subjects with @entity1 recruited from six medical centers in the United States. INTERVENTIONS: The Asthma Clinical Research Network undertook a 28-week, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 164 subjects with clinically stable, persistent @entity1 . A subset of subjects (n = 45) underwent bronchoscopy with endobronchial biopsy and BAL at the end of a 6-week run-in period, during which all subjects received @entity3 ( @entity2 ), 400 microg bid. Airway tissue mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells were quantified morphometrically along with determination of BAL tryptase. At the end of the run-in period, subjects were then randomized to receive @entity4 (42 micro g bid), placebo, or continue @entity2 for 16 weeks followed by a second bronchoscopy. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Outcome variables included airway tissue mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells that were quantified morphometrically and BAL tryptase. Thirty-five subjects completed the treatment phase; an additional 10 subjects, who were randomized to either @entity4 or placebo after the run-in, had treatment failure. When the bronchoscopy results performed at the end of the run-in, prior to randomization, were analyzed, the treatment failure group demonstrated significantly more tissue mast cells as compared to the nontreatment failure group despite 6 weeks of therapy with @entity2 (p = 0.04). BAL tryptase was also significantly higher in the treatment failure group (p < 0.0001). Of those subjects who completed the study, tissue mast cells and BAL tryptase did not change significantly within any of the treatment groups during the treatment phase (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Persistent elevations in airway tissue mast cells and BAL tryptase after treatment with @entity2 predict treatment failure in @entity0 for whom discontinuation of ICS is being considered.

title: Airway tissue mast cells in persistent XXXX : predictor of treatment failure when @entity0 discontinue inhaled corticosteroids.

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine if persistent airway tissue mast cells are associated with treatment failure when @entity0 discontinue inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). DESIGN: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Multicenter, tertiary referral centers. @entity0 OR @entity0 : Forty-five subjects with @entity1 recruited from six medical centers in the United States. INTERVENTIONS: The Asthma Clinical Research Network undertook a 28-week, randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 164 subjects with clinically stable, persistent @entity1 . A subset of subjects (n = 45) underwent bronchoscopy with endobronchial biopsy and BAL at the end of a 6-week run-in period, during which all subjects received @entity3 ( @entity2 ), 400 microg bid. Airway tissue mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells were quantified morphometrically along with determination of BAL tryptase. At the end of the run-in period, subjects were then randomized to receive @entity4 (42 micro g bid), placebo, or continue @entity2 for 16 weeks followed by a second bronchoscopy. MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Outcome variables included airway tissue mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, and T cells that were quantified morphometrically and BAL tryptase. Thirty-five subjects completed the treatment phase; an additional 10 subjects, who were randomized to either @entity4 or placebo after the run-in, had treatment failure. When the bronchoscopy results performed at the end of the run-in, prior to randomization, were analyzed, the treatment failure group demonstrated significantly more tissue mast cells as compared to the nontreatment failure group despite 6 weeks of therapy with @entity2 (p = 0.04). BAL tryptase was also significantly higher in the treatment failure group (p < 0.0001). Of those subjects who completed the study, tissue mast cells and BAL tryptase did not change significantly within any of the treatment groups during the treatment phase (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Persistent elevations in airway tissue mast cells and BAL tryptase after treatment with @entity2 predict treatment failure in @entity0 for whom discontinuation of ICS is being considered.

title: Airway tissue mast cells in persistent @entity1 : predictor of treatment failure when XXXX discontinue inhaled corticosteroids.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Regulatory functions for B lymphocytes have been reported in @entity1 models of @entity5 in which B-cell deficient @entity1 were shown to exhibit exacerbated disease. The B cells responsible for the immune regulations were identified as a subpopulation of @entity4 -secreting cells. However, the mechanism of induction and the characteristics of regulatory B cells in @entity0 have been hardly studied. This study reports that regulation of T cell responses can be induced by B cells following @entity9 -dependent cognate interaction. T cell proliferation and cytokine production were differentially regulated. Thus, @entity9 -induced regulatory B cells partially inhibited T cell proliferation following @entity9 interaction without requirement of soluble factor. In contrast, modulation of Th1 differentiation resulted from @entity13 - and @entity10 -dependent interactions and from @entity4 production. The suppressive effects were mediated by @entity6 (high)IgD+ @entity11 (high) @entity14 (high) @entity12 (high) B cells and appeared to be indirect, through the induction of regulatory T cells as indicated by the appearance of @entity2 + @entity3 + @entity8 +T cells. These data suggest that activation signals from T cells initiate regulatory properties in B cells that modulate T cell responses involving regulatory T cells. Finally, studies in autoimmune @entity0 revealed that regulation of T cell proliferation was defective in @entity7 but efficient in other diseases. Restoration of efficient B-cell regulatory activity could provide innovative B-cell based treatment of @entity5 .

title: XXXX T cells induce their own regulation through activation of B cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the long-term (up to 6 years) safety and efficacy of the selective @entity4 antagonist @entity3 in @entity0 with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 609 @entity0 were enrolled in a 4-year multicenter open label extension study. Subjects entered the study after completion of a 1-year open label trial that included @entity0 who previously completed up to 57 weeks of double-blind, placebo controlled studies. Maintenance doses (0.4 or 2 x 0.4 mg daily) established in the 1-year study were continued. Efficacy and safety were assessed every 3 months. Primary efficacy evaluations were changes from baseline maximum urine flow rate and total American Urological Association symptom index, and the responder rates for those 2 end points. Secondary end points were changes in American Urological Association subset scores, Boyarsky symptom scores, average urine flow rate, post-void residual urine volume, quality of life index and investigator global assessment. RESULTS: Of the 609 @entity0 who entered the 4-year extension study 159 had a 2-year or greater prior experience with @entity3 , yielding a potential 6-year experience on the medication. Of this 159 @entity0 subset 109 completed the whole 6 years. Initial rapid improvements from baseline in primary and secondary end points were maintained each year throughout the duration of the study. @entity3 was well tolerated, confirming the safety profile demonstrated in earlier studies. @entity1 was observed in 1.3% of the @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the sustained efficacy, safety and excellent long-term tolerability of @entity3 for up to 6 years in @entity0 with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with @entity2 .

title: Long-term safety and efficacy of XXXX for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: We evaluated the long-term (up to 6 years) safety and efficacy of the selective @entity4 antagonist @entity3 in @entity0 with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with @entity2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 609 @entity0 were enrolled in a 4-year multicenter open label extension study. Subjects entered the study after completion of a 1-year open label trial that included @entity0 who previously completed up to 57 weeks of double-blind, placebo controlled studies. Maintenance doses (0.4 or 2 x 0.4 mg daily) established in the 1-year study were continued. Efficacy and safety were assessed every 3 months. Primary efficacy evaluations were changes from baseline maximum urine flow rate and total American Urological Association symptom index, and the responder rates for those 2 end points. Secondary end points were changes in American Urological Association subset scores, Boyarsky symptom scores, average urine flow rate, post-void residual urine volume, quality of life index and investigator global assessment. RESULTS: Of the 609 @entity0 who entered the 4-year extension study 159 had a 2-year or greater prior experience with @entity3 , yielding a potential 6-year experience on the medication. Of this 159 @entity0 subset 109 completed the whole 6 years. Initial rapid improvements from baseline in primary and secondary end points were maintained each year throughout the duration of the study. @entity3 was well tolerated, confirming the safety profile demonstrated in earlier studies. @entity1 was observed in 1.3% of the @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the sustained efficacy, safety and excellent long-term tolerability of @entity3 for up to 6 years in @entity0 with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with @entity2 .

title: Long-term safety and efficacy of @entity3 for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate histopathologic and clinical response to @entity5 plug insertion in @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: Punctal plugs were placed in 32 eyes of 18 @entity2 @entity0 with @entity4 who were on maximum medical therapy and who had Schirmer testing with topical anesthetic measuring less than 5 mm. Pre-treatment and post-treatment (6 weeks and 1 year) evaluations included temporal and inferior quadrant impression cytology examinations, Schirmer-1, BUT, corneal @entity3 and rose-bengal staining patterns and questionnaire scores. The cytology samples were graded according to the method described by Nelson. RESULTS: There was an improvement in subjective symptoms of @entity0 6 weeks after @entity1 . Corneal @entity3 and rose-bengal staining scores decreased from a mean of 5.33 +/- 1.74 to 1.37 +/- 1.48 and from 5.90 +/- 1.2 to 2.45 +/- 1.89 (p < 0.05) respectively. BUT values increased from 2.98 +/- 1.1 to 11.3 +/- 3.1 seconds (p < 0.05) at 6 weeks post-treatment. Increase in goblet cell density was observed after @entity1 at 6 weeks (p < 0.05) and at 1 year (p < 0.05) compared to the pre-treatment values. After occlusion, 3% of temporal specimens had Grade 0 squamous metaplasia, 63% had Grade 1, 34% had Grade 2; while 25% of inferior specimens had Grade 0, 56% had Grade 1, 19% had Grade 2 squamous metaplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Punctum plug occlusion in @entity6 sicca provides improvement of tear film stability, ocular surface staining scores, conjunctival squamous metaplasia grades and goblet cell density. Increased ocular surface exposure to essential tear components with @entity1 may be important for the genesis of these changes.

title: Ocular surface changes in @entity6 sicca with XXXX punctum plug occlusion.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To evaluate histopathologic and clinical response to @entity5 plug insertion in @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: Punctal plugs were placed in 32 eyes of 18 @entity2 @entity0 with @entity4 who were on maximum medical therapy and who had Schirmer testing with topical anesthetic measuring less than 5 mm. Pre-treatment and post-treatment (6 weeks and 1 year) evaluations included temporal and inferior quadrant impression cytology examinations, Schirmer-1, BUT, corneal @entity3 and rose-bengal staining patterns and questionnaire scores. The cytology samples were graded according to the method described by Nelson. RESULTS: There was an improvement in subjective symptoms of @entity0 6 weeks after @entity1 . Corneal @entity3 and rose-bengal staining scores decreased from a mean of 5.33 +/- 1.74 to 1.37 +/- 1.48 and from 5.90 +/- 1.2 to 2.45 +/- 1.89 (p < 0.05) respectively. BUT values increased from 2.98 +/- 1.1 to 11.3 +/- 3.1 seconds (p < 0.05) at 6 weeks post-treatment. Increase in goblet cell density was observed after @entity1 at 6 weeks (p < 0.05) and at 1 year (p < 0.05) compared to the pre-treatment values. After occlusion, 3% of temporal specimens had Grade 0 squamous metaplasia, 63% had Grade 1, 34% had Grade 2; while 25% of inferior specimens had Grade 0, 56% had Grade 1, 19% had Grade 2 squamous metaplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Punctum plug occlusion in @entity6 sicca provides improvement of tear film stability, ocular surface staining scores, conjunctival squamous metaplasia grades and goblet cell density. Increased ocular surface exposure to essential tear components with @entity1 may be important for the genesis of these changes.

title: Ocular surface changes in XXXX sicca with @entity5 punctum plug occlusion.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Common @entity1 therapies employ chemicals or radiation that damage DNA. @entity1 and normal cells respond to DNA damage by activating complex networks of DNA damage sensor, signal transducer, and effector proteins that arrest cell cycle progression, and repair damaged DNA. If damage is severe enough, the DNA damage response (DDR) triggers programed cell death by apoptosis or other pathways. @entity3 is a protease that is activated upon damage and triggers apoptosis, and production of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), a potent growth factor that can enhance growth of surviving @entity1 cells leading to accelerated @entity1 repopulation. Thus, dying @entity1 cells can promote growth of surviving @entity1 cells, a pathway aptly named Phoenix Rising. In the present study, we surveyed Phoenix Rising responses in a variety of normal and established @entity1 cell lines, and in @entity1 cell lines freshly derived from @entity0 . We demonstrate that IR induces a Phoenix Rising response in many, but not all cell lines, and that @entity4 production generally correlates with enhanced growth of cells that survive irradiation, and of unirradiated cells co-cultured with irradiated cells. We show that @entity4 production is stimulated by low and high LET ionizing radiation, and can be enhanced or suppressed by inhibitors of key DDR proteins. @entity4 is produced downstream of @entity3 and the cyclooxygenases @entity7 and @entity5 , and we show that the pan @entity7 -2 inhibitor @entity6 blocks IR-induced @entity4 production in the presence or absence of DDR inhibitors. @entity7 -2 require @entity2 for catalytic activity, and we further show that @entity4 production is markedly suppressed in cells cultured under low (1%) @entity2 concentration. Thus, Phoenix Rising is most likely to cause repopulation of @entity1 with relatively high @entity2 , but not in @entity1 . This survey lays a foundation for future studies to further define @entity1 responses to radiation and inhibitors of the DDR and Phoenix Rising to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy with the ultimate goal of precision medicine informed by deep understanding of specific @entity1 responses to radiation and adjunct chemotherapy targeting key factors in the DDR and Phoenix Rising pathways.

title: DNA Damage Response Proteins and XXXX Modulate @entity4 Growth Factor Release in Response to Low and High LET Ionizing Radiation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Common @entity1 therapies employ chemicals or radiation that damage DNA. @entity1 and normal cells respond to DNA damage by activating complex networks of DNA damage sensor, signal transducer, and effector proteins that arrest cell cycle progression, and repair damaged DNA. If damage is severe enough, the DNA damage response (DDR) triggers programed cell death by apoptosis or other pathways. @entity3 is a protease that is activated upon damage and triggers apoptosis, and production of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), a potent growth factor that can enhance growth of surviving @entity1 cells leading to accelerated @entity1 repopulation. Thus, dying @entity1 cells can promote growth of surviving @entity1 cells, a pathway aptly named Phoenix Rising. In the present study, we surveyed Phoenix Rising responses in a variety of normal and established @entity1 cell lines, and in @entity1 cell lines freshly derived from @entity0 . We demonstrate that IR induces a Phoenix Rising response in many, but not all cell lines, and that @entity4 production generally correlates with enhanced growth of cells that survive irradiation, and of unirradiated cells co-cultured with irradiated cells. We show that @entity4 production is stimulated by low and high LET ionizing radiation, and can be enhanced or suppressed by inhibitors of key DDR proteins. @entity4 is produced downstream of @entity3 and the cyclooxygenases @entity7 and @entity5 , and we show that the pan @entity7 -2 inhibitor @entity6 blocks IR-induced @entity4 production in the presence or absence of DDR inhibitors. @entity7 -2 require @entity2 for catalytic activity, and we further show that @entity4 production is markedly suppressed in cells cultured under low (1%) @entity2 concentration. Thus, Phoenix Rising is most likely to cause repopulation of @entity1 with relatively high @entity2 , but not in @entity1 . This survey lays a foundation for future studies to further define @entity1 responses to radiation and inhibitors of the DDR and Phoenix Rising to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy with the ultimate goal of precision medicine informed by deep understanding of specific @entity1 responses to radiation and adjunct chemotherapy targeting key factors in the DDR and Phoenix Rising pathways.

title: DNA Damage Response Proteins and @entity2 Modulate XXXX Growth Factor Release in Response to Low and High LET Ionizing Radiation.

answer: @entity4


abstract: A family of facilitative @entity0 transporters or GLUTs mediates @entity0 uptake by cells and tissues. The @entity0 transporter isoform @entity2 , which is the predominant isoform expressed in mature muscle and fat tissues, is primarily responsible for the increase in @entity0 uptake in response to insulin stimulation. Recent work in our laboratory suggests that there are two divergent responses initiated by insulin stimulation. The first response involves the recruitment of @entity2 transporters from intracellular reserves and their subsequent insertion into the plasma membrane. The second pathway results in an increase in the intrinsic activity of the transporters. This review will discuss evidence supporting the divergence of the two pathways regulating @entity0 uptake and, in particular, evidence for the increased intrinsic activity of @entity2 in response to insulin stimulation. Inhibitors of @entity1 (MAPK) affected only the arm leading to the insulin-stimulated activation of @entity2 . This implicates p38 MAPK involvement in the regulation of this pathway. There is further evidence that p38 MAPK is itself recruited to the plasma membrane. The role of the phosphorylation state of the @entity0 transporter in response to insulin stimulation has been studied and indicates that, contrary to what might be predicted, there is actually a decrease in its phosphorylation at the plasma membrane in response to insulin. The relationship of this change to @entity0 uptake remains to be established. Other possible mechanisms regulating @entity2 activity include binding of (+) or (-) modulators of its function.

title: XXXX activation: thoughts on possible mechanisms.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity3 severity, disability, @entity5 , and quality of life between @entity0 with @entity1 and nonheadache treatment-seeking @entity6 @entity0 . METHODS: Six hundred forty-three @entity0 seeking treatment at a university @entity3 clinic were divided into 3 categories based on primary @entity3 complaint and the presence of focal or @entity3 complaints: @entity1 , nonheadache focal ( @entity3 involving <50% of the body), and nonheadache diffuse ( @entity3 involving >/=50% of the body). @entity0 completed questionnaires to identify @entity3 severity, disability, @entity4 , @entity2 , and quality of life. RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity1 differed from nonheadache @entity0 for all evaluated parameters. Average @entity3 severity on a 0 to 10 point severity scale was 5.55 for @entity1 , 6.93 for nonheadache focal, and 8.05 for nonheadache diffuse. @entity3 occurred an additional 1.51 to 1.71 days per week for @entity0 without @entity1 . Compared to @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity0 without @entity1 reported greater frequency of reduced daily activities and complete disability related to @entity3 . In addition, @entity0 without @entity1 and with @entity3 reported more @entity4 (78.2% vs. 45.8%) and @entity2 (70.0% vs. 39.1%) than @entity0 with @entity1 . Quality of life measures were significantly reduced in @entity0 with either nonheadache focal or diffuse conditions compared to @entity0 with @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Even when considering @entity0 with focal rather than diffuse @entity6 complaints, @entity0 with @entity1 are dissimilar from other @entity0 with @entity6 . @entity3 severity, frequency, disability, @entity5 , and quality of life are significantly more prominent or impaired in @entity0 with @entity6 without @entity1 compared to @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: XXXX and other types of @entity6 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity3 severity, disability, @entity5 , and quality of life between @entity0 with @entity1 and nonheadache treatment-seeking @entity6 @entity0 . METHODS: Six hundred forty-three @entity0 seeking treatment at a university @entity3 clinic were divided into 3 categories based on primary @entity3 complaint and the presence of focal or @entity3 complaints: @entity1 , nonheadache focal ( @entity3 involving <50% of the body), and nonheadache diffuse ( @entity3 involving >/=50% of the body). @entity0 completed questionnaires to identify @entity3 severity, disability, @entity4 , @entity2 , and quality of life. RESULTS: @entity0 with @entity1 differed from nonheadache @entity0 for all evaluated parameters. Average @entity3 severity on a 0 to 10 point severity scale was 5.55 for @entity1 , 6.93 for nonheadache focal, and 8.05 for nonheadache diffuse. @entity3 occurred an additional 1.51 to 1.71 days per week for @entity0 without @entity1 . Compared to @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity0 without @entity1 reported greater frequency of reduced daily activities and complete disability related to @entity3 . In addition, @entity0 without @entity1 and with @entity3 reported more @entity4 (78.2% vs. 45.8%) and @entity2 (70.0% vs. 39.1%) than @entity0 with @entity1 . Quality of life measures were significantly reduced in @entity0 with either nonheadache focal or diffuse conditions compared to @entity0 with @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: Even when considering @entity0 with focal rather than diffuse @entity6 complaints, @entity0 with @entity1 are dissimilar from other @entity0 with @entity6 . @entity3 severity, frequency, disability, @entity5 , and quality of life are significantly more prominent or impaired in @entity0 with @entity6 without @entity1 compared to @entity0 with @entity1 .

title: @entity1 and other types of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We previously reported a high prevalence of raised thyroglobulin autoantibodies (TgAb) in apparently healthy @entity3 Lankan schoolgirls following salt iodination. To characterize these antibodies further we determined the epitopes on thyroglobulin (Tg) with which they react and compared these with serum obtained from both healthy subjects and established @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 from the UK. To extend our study to a wider population within @entity3 Lanka, we in addition determined the epitopes recognized by a group of @entity2 @entity0 selected from a thyroid clinic in @entity3 Lanka, as well as apparently healthy female @entity3 Lankan tea workers of distinct ethnicity from the schoolgirls and @entity2 @entity0 . DESIGN: @entity3 Lankan schoolgirls (n = 282) and adult female tea estate workers (n = 208) were examined for thyroid autoimmune markers. Sera with high TgAb (> 98 kIU/l) were selected from these two groups (n = 36 and 45, respectively) to study epitope-binding patterns. We also examined the sera from 16 @entity2 @entity0 attending a thyroid clinic in Colombo, 16 @entity0 with @entity2 from the thyroid clinic at the University Hospital of Wales and 16 sera from healthy control UK @entity0 with no evidence of @entity1 . To determine the epitopes on Tg recognized by the subjects' TgAb, we employed a panel of Tg mouse monoclonal antibodies labelled with alkaline phosphatase in a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reaction with the subjects' serum. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: A majority of the @entity3 Lankan schoolgirls did not react with the immunodominant epitopes and did not differ significantly from healthy subjects from the UK in their Tg epitope recognition pattern. On the other hand, tea estate workers and @entity3 Lankan @entity2 @entity0 recognized typical @entity2 and, in addition, recognized a separate cluster not previously associated with either the autoimmune state or the healthy state. The significance of this cluster requires further clarification.

title: Thyroglobulin epitope recognition in a post iodine-supplemented XXXX Lankan population.

answer: @entity3


abstract: This study was conducted between April 2000 and March 2001, in 12-month period. During the study, local slaughterhouses were visited periodically for 1 year to examine the internal organs (livers, lungs, spleens and hearts) for the presence of cysts and total 1355 @entity0 , 218 @entity1 and 104 @entity2 were examined for the @entity3 ( @entity3 ). It was found that 13.5% of @entity0 , 26.6% of @entity1 and 22.1% of @entity2 were infected with this disease. While cysts in @entity0 (P < 0.001) and @entity2 (P > 0.05) were found mostly in lungs (88.5 and 82.6%, respectively), but they were mostly found in livers (P > 0.05) in @entity1 . In addition to this, three spleens and one heart in @entity0 were infected with @entity3 . In this study, the prevalence of @entity3 and the number of cysts in ruminants were found different when the @entity0 , @entity1 and @entity2 examined were stratified based on age. The prevalence and the number of cysts increased with age approaching an asymptotic prevalence of one in the oldest animals (P < 0.05). The number of cysts in @entity0 , @entity1 and @entity2 were increasing at a rate of 0.31, 0.63 and 0.42/year, respectively. The economic decrease in the value of the carcasses because of the discarded liver and lung as a result of @entity3 was estimated as 1.1% (7.5 US dollars per @entity0 ) for @entity0 , 4.37% (3.2 US dollars per @entity1 ) for @entity1 and 4.26% (2.9 US dollars per @entity2 ) for @entity2 . The minimum total loss for all infected animals was determined to be 583 US dollars in infected animals, based on the market prices in the year 2002.

title: Prevalence and economic importance of XXXX in slaughtered ruminants in Burdur, Turkey.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the treatment for @entity0 with early stage primary tonsil @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: Two hundred and thirteen @entity0 with previously untreated early stage primary tonsil @entity2 were reviewed. All @entity0 were pathologically confirmed. According to Ann Arbor classification, 35 @entity0 were stage I, 178 stage II. The primary treatment for stage I was radiotherapy alone in 12 and combined modality therapy (CMT) in 23 @entity0 . The primary treatment for stage II was radiotherapy alone in 57,chemotherapy alone in 2, and CMT in 119 @entity0 . RESULTS: The 5-year overall survival, cancer specific survival (CSS) AND disease-free survival (DFS) for the early stage primary tonsil @entity2 were 65%, 70% and 61%, respectively. The 5-year CSS was 63% for the radiotherapy alone group and 72% for the CMT group (p = 0.064), and the 5-year DFS were 56% for the radiotherapy alone group and 62% for the CMT group. For @entity0 with stage I disease, The 5-year CSS were 100% in both radiotherapy alone and CMT groups, and the 5-year DFS were 100% and 80% in these two groups (p = 0.148), respectively. There was no significant difference of efficacy between the two treatment s for the @entity0 with stage I disease. For the @entity0 with @entity1 , the 5-year CSS was 58% in radiotherapy alone group and 66% in CMT group (p = 0.051). However, CMT significantly improved DFS in @entity1 , with a 5-year DFS of 46% for radiotherapy alone and 60% for CMT (P = 0.046). CONCLUSION: @entity0 with stage I tonsil @entity2 treated with radiotherapy alone or CMT can achieve an excellent outcome. CMT significantly improve the DFS in stage II @entity0 . There was a trend that CMT improved the survival rates in the @entity0 with early stage disease. It was suggested that CMT should be used for the @entity0 with early stage primary tonsil @entity2 .

title: [Treatment of early stage primary tonsil XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: Idiopathic @entity6 (IKH) is an important cause of emergent @entity6 among @entity0 . We present a case series of 24 @entity0 with IKH in an effort to provide a current clinical description of this disorder. Secondly, we provide a crude lower-bound estimate of the incidence of IKH in an @entity2 ( @entity2 ) setting. The charts of 94 non- @entity1 @entity0 presenting to an @entity2 during a period of 64 months with a diagnosis of @entity6 as identified via ICD-9 codes were reviewed. Eleven @entity0 , accounting for 24.4% of all significant @entity5 unrelated to @entity1 in @entity0 over 6 months of age, were diagnosed with IKH. These @entity0 accounted for 31.4% of @entity5 among previously heathy @entity0 older than 6 months. A further review of 13 individuals with IKH identified from an endocrinology specialty clinic was also performed. Among all 24 individuals identified with IKH, the mean age of presentation was 30.8 months. We have found IKH to be the most common cause of @entity6 among previously healthy @entity2 @entity0 during childhood. In our series, @entity0 with IKH presented initially before 5 years of age with symptomatic @entity6 during the morning hours after a moderate fast. These @entity0 were found to have @entity4 with symptoms resolving after @entity3 administration. @entity0 with IKH were more likely to be Caucasian, male gender, and have a low body weight.

title: Presenting features of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Quantitative analyses of the dynamics of @entity2 development were expressed in terms of the time course for changes in blood flow velocity in a stenosed region and @entity1 configuration in the microvasculature of @entity0 mesentery. The @entity3 was induced in microvessels by irradiation of filtered light in combination with intravascular administration of fluorescent dye. The blood flow velocity began to increase soon after the initiation of @entity1 formation and continued to increase progressively with the growth of the @entity1 in the radial direction. After the velocity reached an almost constant level, the velocity fluctuation became significant due to the frequent @entity3 . Meanwhile, the blood flow velocity precipitously dropped. Two different definitions of a critical @entity2 were proposed. The first definition was the condition that the blood flow velocity reached a maximum. The critical area @entity2 based on this definition had almost a constant value, i.e., 75-95% of the lumen area. The second definition of critical @entity2 was given as the condition that the blood flow rate decreased by more than 15%. In the higher velocity range the values of critical @entity2 based on the second definition were almost constant, i.e., 70-90% of the lumen area. However, in the lower velocity range, the critical condition seemed to occur in smaller @entity2 .

title: Hemodynamics at stenoses formed by growing platelet thrombi in mesenteric microvasculature of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is believed to predispose to @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and proctocolectomy has been advocated when this is identified. Between 1978 and 1990, 160 @entity0 with longstanding extensive @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were recruited for annual colonoscopic surveillance and 40 developed @entity3 at some stage. We report the outcome of this cohort 10 years after the original study ended. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study and histopathological review of the original diagnoses of @entity3 . The outcome of 158/160 (98.8%) @entity0 was established in 2000. RESULTS: Of the 128 @entity0 still alive and with an intact colon at the end of 1990, two were not traceable, 29 had @entity3 , and 97 had no @entity4 (controls). After 10 years, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or @entity1 developed in 3/29 @entity3 (10%) and in 4/97 controls (4.0%). Kaplan-Meier analysis from 1991 to death or colectomy did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups (log rank test p=0.63). Histopathological review demonstrated the unreliability of @entity3 diagnosis. Agreement between pathologists was uniformly poor: kappa <0.4 for all comparisons. CONCLUSION: @entity3 diagnosis is not sufficiently reliable to justify prophylactic colectomy. Conservative management of established @entity3 cases should not be ruled out.

title: Ten year follow up of XXXX @entity0 with and without low grade @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is believed to predispose to @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and proctocolectomy has been advocated when this is identified. Between 1978 and 1990, 160 @entity0 with longstanding extensive @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were recruited for annual colonoscopic surveillance and 40 developed @entity3 at some stage. We report the outcome of this cohort 10 years after the original study ended. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study and histopathological review of the original diagnoses of @entity3 . The outcome of 158/160 (98.8%) @entity0 was established in 2000. RESULTS: Of the 128 @entity0 still alive and with an intact colon at the end of 1990, two were not traceable, 29 had @entity3 , and 97 had no @entity4 (controls). After 10 years, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or @entity1 developed in 3/29 @entity3 (10%) and in 4/97 controls (4.0%). Kaplan-Meier analysis from 1991 to death or colectomy did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups (log rank test p=0.63). Histopathological review demonstrated the unreliability of @entity3 diagnosis. Agreement between pathologists was uniformly poor: kappa <0.4 for all comparisons. CONCLUSION: @entity3 diagnosis is not sufficiently reliable to justify prophylactic colectomy. Conservative management of established @entity3 cases should not be ruled out.

title: Ten year follow up of @entity2 @entity0 with and without low grade XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is believed to predispose to @entity1 ( @entity1 ), and proctocolectomy has been advocated when this is identified. Between 1978 and 1990, 160 @entity0 with longstanding extensive @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were recruited for annual colonoscopic surveillance and 40 developed @entity3 at some stage. We report the outcome of this cohort 10 years after the original study ended. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study and histopathological review of the original diagnoses of @entity3 . The outcome of 158/160 (98.8%) @entity0 was established in 2000. RESULTS: Of the 128 @entity0 still alive and with an intact colon at the end of 1990, two were not traceable, 29 had @entity3 , and 97 had no @entity4 (controls). After 10 years, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) or @entity1 developed in 3/29 @entity3 (10%) and in 4/97 controls (4.0%). Kaplan-Meier analysis from 1991 to death or colectomy did not show a statistically significant difference between the two groups (log rank test p=0.63). Histopathological review demonstrated the unreliability of @entity3 diagnosis. Agreement between pathologists was uniformly poor: kappa <0.4 for all comparisons. CONCLUSION: @entity3 diagnosis is not sufficiently reliable to justify prophylactic colectomy. Conservative management of established @entity3 cases should not be ruled out.

title: Ten year follow up of @entity2 XXXX with and without low grade @entity4 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Choledochoduodenostomy, choledochojejunostomy, or sphincteroplasty are used in the treatment of selected @entity0 with retained, recurrent, and impacted bile duct stones; strictures of the bile ducts; stenosis of the sphincter of Oddi; @entity6 associated with @entity2 ; @entity8 ; @entity4 of the bile duct; and @entity2 , either benign or malignant. From a group of approximately 1600 @entity0 operated on for biliary and @entity5 during the 17-year period, 1962 to 1979, 153 @entity0 who had choledochoduodenostomy, choledochojejunostomy or sphincteroplasty were identified. Follow-up information was available for 146 @entity0 (95%). Overall, 84% of the @entity0 had good results, 10% had fair results, and 3% had poor results. A 3% postoperative mortality rate was found, all in @entity0 with unresectable @entity1 . Treatment of bile duct obstruction, benign or malignant, was equally effective by choledochoduodenostomy or choledochojejunostomy. @entity7 resolved in all @entity0 ; three @entity0 with benign strictures required reoperations for recurrent stricture formation, two after choledochoduodenostomy, and one after choledochojejunostomy. Recurrent @entity3 heralded the development of another stricture. Both choledochoduodenostomy and sphincteroplasty were used for @entity0 with retained, recurrent or impacted duct stones. @entity6 did not occur in any @entity0 after sphincteroplasty; the sump syndrome was not seen after choledochoduodenostomy. This review supports the view that choledochoduodenostomy is a safe and effective procedure. All three operative procedures were effective for the problems for which they were used; each procedure has a place in the treatment of recurrent or complicated biliary and @entity5 . The procedures are complementary, not competitive. For certain problems, the operation performed depends upon the surgeon's preference and experience. The indications for and results of these operative procedures are discussed.

title: Choledochoduodenostomy, choledochojejunostomy or sphincteroplasty for biliary and XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: The 24 hr @entity4 excretion from the entire skin surface was determined in six normal and five @entity2 (Type II) @entity0 fed a controlled, eucaloric diet containing 400 mg of plant @entity3 . All subjects received radiolabeled @entity1 intravenously in order to measure @entity1 turnover and exchange. The 24 hr skin surface lipids were collected subsequently at intervals of 7-10 days. @entity3 were quantified and identified by a combination of thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatographic methods. The mean 24 hr excretion of @entity1 in milligrams was 82.6 in the normal subjects and 82.7 in the @entity2 @entity0 . @entity1 constituted 89% of the total @entity4 excretion through the skin surface in both groups. The specific radioactivity of @entity1 in the skin surface lipids increased gradually after the intravenous administration of the isotope. Within 4-5 wk the specific activity equaled and then remained higher than that of the plasma up to 10 wk. These specific activity curves suggested that, for at least some of skin surface @entity1 , there was a precursor-product relationship between the plasma @entity1 and the skin @entity1 . The presence of plant @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity7 in the skin surface lipids of @entity0 has not been reported previously. We identified these @entity3 in the skin surface lipids of all of our subjects. They constituted about 7% of the total skin surface @entity3 . The occurrence of plant @entity3 in the skin surface lipids suggested that plasma @entity3 were transferred from the plasma into the skin. 1-2% of the skin surface @entity3 were tentatively identified as @entity9 and @entity8 . The present study documented that a significant amount of @entity1 was excreted from the skin surface and that probably there was a net transfer of plasma @entity1 into the skin surface lipids. Both normal subjects and @entity2 @entity0 excreted similar amounts of @entity1 per day into the skin surface lipids. We suggest that this daily loss of @entity1 from the skin surface may need to be considered in @entity4 balance studies.

title: Excretion of XXXX from the skin of normal and @entity2 @entity0 . Implications for @entity4 balance studies.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The 24 hr @entity4 excretion from the entire skin surface was determined in six normal and five @entity2 (Type II) @entity0 fed a controlled, eucaloric diet containing 400 mg of plant @entity3 . All subjects received radiolabeled @entity1 intravenously in order to measure @entity1 turnover and exchange. The 24 hr skin surface lipids were collected subsequently at intervals of 7-10 days. @entity3 were quantified and identified by a combination of thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatographic methods. The mean 24 hr excretion of @entity1 in milligrams was 82.6 in the normal subjects and 82.7 in the @entity2 @entity0 . @entity1 constituted 89% of the total @entity4 excretion through the skin surface in both groups. The specific radioactivity of @entity1 in the skin surface lipids increased gradually after the intravenous administration of the isotope. Within 4-5 wk the specific activity equaled and then remained higher than that of the plasma up to 10 wk. These specific activity curves suggested that, for at least some of skin surface @entity1 , there was a precursor-product relationship between the plasma @entity1 and the skin @entity1 . The presence of plant @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity7 in the skin surface lipids of @entity0 has not been reported previously. We identified these @entity3 in the skin surface lipids of all of our subjects. They constituted about 7% of the total skin surface @entity3 . The occurrence of plant @entity3 in the skin surface lipids suggested that plasma @entity3 were transferred from the plasma into the skin. 1-2% of the skin surface @entity3 were tentatively identified as @entity9 and @entity8 . The present study documented that a significant amount of @entity1 was excreted from the skin surface and that probably there was a net transfer of plasma @entity1 into the skin surface lipids. Both normal subjects and @entity2 @entity0 excreted similar amounts of @entity1 per day into the skin surface lipids. We suggest that this daily loss of @entity1 from the skin surface may need to be considered in @entity4 balance studies.

title: Excretion of @entity3 from the skin of normal and @entity2 @entity0 . Implications for XXXX balance studies.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The 24 hr @entity4 excretion from the entire skin surface was determined in six normal and five @entity2 (Type II) @entity0 fed a controlled, eucaloric diet containing 400 mg of plant @entity3 . All subjects received radiolabeled @entity1 intravenously in order to measure @entity1 turnover and exchange. The 24 hr skin surface lipids were collected subsequently at intervals of 7-10 days. @entity3 were quantified and identified by a combination of thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatographic methods. The mean 24 hr excretion of @entity1 in milligrams was 82.6 in the normal subjects and 82.7 in the @entity2 @entity0 . @entity1 constituted 89% of the total @entity4 excretion through the skin surface in both groups. The specific radioactivity of @entity1 in the skin surface lipids increased gradually after the intravenous administration of the isotope. Within 4-5 wk the specific activity equaled and then remained higher than that of the plasma up to 10 wk. These specific activity curves suggested that, for at least some of skin surface @entity1 , there was a precursor-product relationship between the plasma @entity1 and the skin @entity1 . The presence of plant @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity7 in the skin surface lipids of @entity0 has not been reported previously. We identified these @entity3 in the skin surface lipids of all of our subjects. They constituted about 7% of the total skin surface @entity3 . The occurrence of plant @entity3 in the skin surface lipids suggested that plasma @entity3 were transferred from the plasma into the skin. 1-2% of the skin surface @entity3 were tentatively identified as @entity9 and @entity8 . The present study documented that a significant amount of @entity1 was excreted from the skin surface and that probably there was a net transfer of plasma @entity1 into the skin surface lipids. Both normal subjects and @entity2 @entity0 excreted similar amounts of @entity1 per day into the skin surface lipids. We suggest that this daily loss of @entity1 from the skin surface may need to be considered in @entity4 balance studies.

title: Excretion of @entity3 from the skin of normal and XXXX @entity0 . Implications for @entity4 balance studies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The 24 hr @entity4 excretion from the entire skin surface was determined in six normal and five @entity2 (Type II) @entity0 fed a controlled, eucaloric diet containing 400 mg of plant @entity3 . All subjects received radiolabeled @entity1 intravenously in order to measure @entity1 turnover and exchange. The 24 hr skin surface lipids were collected subsequently at intervals of 7-10 days. @entity3 were quantified and identified by a combination of thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatographic methods. The mean 24 hr excretion of @entity1 in milligrams was 82.6 in the normal subjects and 82.7 in the @entity2 @entity0 . @entity1 constituted 89% of the total @entity4 excretion through the skin surface in both groups. The specific radioactivity of @entity1 in the skin surface lipids increased gradually after the intravenous administration of the isotope. Within 4-5 wk the specific activity equaled and then remained higher than that of the plasma up to 10 wk. These specific activity curves suggested that, for at least some of skin surface @entity1 , there was a precursor-product relationship between the plasma @entity1 and the skin @entity1 . The presence of plant @entity3 , @entity5 , @entity6 , and @entity7 in the skin surface lipids of @entity0 has not been reported previously. We identified these @entity3 in the skin surface lipids of all of our subjects. They constituted about 7% of the total skin surface @entity3 . The occurrence of plant @entity3 in the skin surface lipids suggested that plasma @entity3 were transferred from the plasma into the skin. 1-2% of the skin surface @entity3 were tentatively identified as @entity9 and @entity8 . The present study documented that a significant amount of @entity1 was excreted from the skin surface and that probably there was a net transfer of plasma @entity1 into the skin surface lipids. Both normal subjects and @entity2 @entity0 excreted similar amounts of @entity1 per day into the skin surface lipids. We suggest that this daily loss of @entity1 from the skin surface may need to be considered in @entity4 balance studies.

title: Excretion of @entity3 from the skin of normal and @entity2 XXXX . Implications for @entity4 balance studies.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the use of an internal self-activated distraction device made of @entity1 - @entity3 memory alloy to augment the mandibular alveolar ridge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve adult mongrel @entity0 were randomly divided into 4 groups. Groups I and II were sacrificed 1 month and 3 months after distraction, respectively. In group III (distraction-planting group), 2 implants were placed on both sides of the mandible 3 months after distraction. In group IV (control group), no implants were placed. X-rays were taken and histologic research was performed. RESULTS: When the distraction device was in place, the transport segments were lifted up 3.0 to 4.5 mm immediately, and a range of 7.5 to 11.5 mm of augmentation was reached after 3 to 5 days of device activation. X-rays showed that bone mineral density increased, and new bone formed in the distraction area 1 month after distraction. Three months later, the bone mineral density of the distraction area was close to that of the surrounding alveolar bone. Histologic observation showed that collagen bundles initially formed in the distraction region and were followed by @entity2 and osteogenesis. X-rays showed that the implants were well integrated 3 months after implant placement. The implant-bone interface showed bony integration, and there was no significant difference in the implant-bone contact rate between the distraction and control sides. CONCLUSION: The @entity1 - @entity3 memory alloy distractor can be used successfully to augment the posterior mandibular alveolar ridge of @entity0 . New bone formed between the buccal and lingual periosteal layers. A conventional implant surgical procedure could be performed 3 months later and the desirable implant-bone integration was produced.

title: Primary study of the use of an internal, self-activated shape memory alloy distraction device in the XXXX mandible: alveolar ridge distraction and implant placement.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) of the @entity7 is a rare @entity1 with an extremely low incidence rate. While the number of reported @entity0 with @entity10 is relatively small, a long-term survival rate has been noted in @entity0 with neuroendocrine differentiation. A 39-year-old @entity0 visited our emergency department for @entity4 . Endoscopy indicated extrinsic compression of the posterior body of the stomach, together with a large, 10-cm, central @entity8 covered with @entity2 tissue. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) indicated a lesion that involved the whole of the @entity7 , with a @entity3 in the stomach, which was suspected of being a @entity1 of the @entity7 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the @entity7 was performed, and the results further strengthened our suspicions by demonstrating the presence of @entity11 and @entity1 buds. A total duodenopancreatectomy, including total splenectomy and gastrectomy, was performed, along with two independent Roux-en-Y anastomoses (one esojejunal and one hepaticojejunal). The @entity1 also had a wide opening in the stomach. The @entity0 's postoperative course was marked by partial @entity6 of the portal vein, which was treated medically. Histopathological examination provided evidence of pancreatic @entity10 . The diagnosis of @entity10 should be considered in the presence of cutaneous lesions, which were absent in the case of our @entity0 , and colonoscopy is also highly desirable because of the various forms associated with @entity9 . The prognosis, which includes a 5-year survival rate of 45%, in the population with an R0 resection is better than that for ductular @entity5 , thus prompting the more aggressive management of this type of @entity1 .

title: XXXX : a rare @entity1 with a particular clinical and paraclinical presentation.

answer: @entity10


abstract: @entity10 ( @entity10 ) of the @entity7 is a rare @entity1 with an extremely low incidence rate. While the number of reported @entity0 with @entity10 is relatively small, a long-term survival rate has been noted in @entity0 with neuroendocrine differentiation. A 39-year-old @entity0 visited our emergency department for @entity4 . Endoscopy indicated extrinsic compression of the posterior body of the stomach, together with a large, 10-cm, central @entity8 covered with @entity2 tissue. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) indicated a lesion that involved the whole of the @entity7 , with a @entity3 in the stomach, which was suspected of being a @entity1 of the @entity7 . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the @entity7 was performed, and the results further strengthened our suspicions by demonstrating the presence of @entity11 and @entity1 buds. A total duodenopancreatectomy, including total splenectomy and gastrectomy, was performed, along with two independent Roux-en-Y anastomoses (one esojejunal and one hepaticojejunal). The @entity1 also had a wide opening in the stomach. The @entity0 's postoperative course was marked by partial @entity6 of the portal vein, which was treated medically. Histopathological examination provided evidence of pancreatic @entity10 . The diagnosis of @entity10 should be considered in the presence of cutaneous lesions, which were absent in the case of our @entity0 , and colonoscopy is also highly desirable because of the various forms associated with @entity9 . The prognosis, which includes a 5-year survival rate of 45%, in the population with an R0 resection is better than that for ductular @entity5 , thus prompting the more aggressive management of this type of @entity1 .

title: @entity10 : a rare XXXX with a particular clinical and paraclinical presentation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: An increase in oxidative chemical modifications of tissue proteins by advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation end products (ALEs) has been implicated in normal aging. @entity2 (PM), one of the three natural forms of @entity1 , has been identified as an inhibitor of AGE/ALE products formed during the autoxidation of @entity3 and peroxidation of lipids. The current study seeks to determine whether PM intervention could prevent the age-related aortic stiffening and vascular resistance through its ability to inhibit the pathogenic cross-linking of glycated collagen. Male Fisher 344 @entity0 at 15 months were treated daily with PM (1 g l(-1) in drinking water) for 5 months and compared with the age-matched, untreated controls at 20 months. Pulsatile aortic pressure and flow signals were measured to perform the vascular impedance analysis. The anti-AGE antibody 6D12 was used to detect glycation-derived modification of aortic collagen, using protein blotting analysis. PM therapy attenuated the age-related increase in total peripheral resistance. An increase in wave transit time and aortic compliance by PM indicated that the drug improved aortic distensibility of the aged vasculature. This paralleled its reduction of AGE-collagen cross-links on aortas. Treatment of the old animals with PM also prevented the age-induced augmentation in vascular load imposed on the heart, as evidenced by an increased wave transit time and a decreased wave reflection factor. These findings suggest a partial role of PM in improving arterial mechanics by targeting the pathogenic formation of AGE-induced aortic collagen cross-links in old @entity0 .

title: XXXX prevents age-related aortic stiffening and vascular resistance in association with reduced collagen glycation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the discovery of novel inhibitors of @entity1 angiogenesis, protein-based antiangiogenic @entity1 therapy suffers some limitations that antiangiogenic gene therapy could overcome. We investigated whether intra-tumoral electrotransfer of three angiogenic plasmids could inhibit @entity1 growth and @entity0 . METHODS: Plasmids encoding recombinant disintegrin domain of @entity6 (RDD), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and the soluble isoform of the VEGF receptor 1 ( @entity4 ) were injected into B16F10 @entity3 -bearing C57BL/6 @entity2 followed by electroporation. @entity1 volume was measured daily using a digital caliper. @entity0 was monitored by in vivo bioluminescence after surgical removal of the primary luciferase-encoding B16F10 @entity1 5 days after intra-tumoral electrotransfer. Markers of vascularization and cell proliferation were quantified by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Intra-tumoral electrotransfer of the antiangiogenic plasmids induced a significant inhibition of @entity1 growth, doubling of mean survival time and long-term survivors (   40% vs 0% in control). When the @entity1 was removed by surgery after intra-tumoral plasmid electrotransfer, a significant decrease in @entity1 @entity0 was observed leading to long-term @entity1 -free survival especially after treatment with pRDD plasmid (84% vs 0% in control). Unlike pTSP-1 and psFlt-1, pRDD significantly decreased cell proliferation in B16F10 @entity1 which express avb3 and a5b1 integrins. No effect of antiangiogenic plasmid electrotransfer on normal skin blood flow was detected. CONCLUSION: The intra-tumoral electrotransfer of the three antiangiogenic plasmids is a promising method for the treatment of @entity3 . The plasmid encoding RDD seems to be particularly effective due to its direct antitumoral activity combined with angiogenesis suppression, and its marked inhibition of @entity0 .

title: Antitumoral and antimetastatic effect of antiangiogenic plasmids in B16 @entity3 : Higher efficiency of the recombinant disintegrin domain of XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite the discovery of novel inhibitors of @entity1 angiogenesis, protein-based antiangiogenic @entity1 therapy suffers some limitations that antiangiogenic gene therapy could overcome. We investigated whether intra-tumoral electrotransfer of three angiogenic plasmids could inhibit @entity1 growth and @entity0 . METHODS: Plasmids encoding recombinant disintegrin domain of @entity6 (RDD), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and the soluble isoform of the VEGF receptor 1 ( @entity4 ) were injected into B16F10 @entity3 -bearing C57BL/6 @entity2 followed by electroporation. @entity1 volume was measured daily using a digital caliper. @entity0 was monitored by in vivo bioluminescence after surgical removal of the primary luciferase-encoding B16F10 @entity1 5 days after intra-tumoral electrotransfer. Markers of vascularization and cell proliferation were quantified by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Intra-tumoral electrotransfer of the antiangiogenic plasmids induced a significant inhibition of @entity1 growth, doubling of mean survival time and long-term survivors (   40% vs 0% in control). When the @entity1 was removed by surgery after intra-tumoral plasmid electrotransfer, a significant decrease in @entity1 @entity0 was observed leading to long-term @entity1 -free survival especially after treatment with pRDD plasmid (84% vs 0% in control). Unlike pTSP-1 and psFlt-1, pRDD significantly decreased cell proliferation in B16F10 @entity1 which express avb3 and a5b1 integrins. No effect of antiangiogenic plasmid electrotransfer on normal skin blood flow was detected. CONCLUSION: The intra-tumoral electrotransfer of the three antiangiogenic plasmids is a promising method for the treatment of @entity3 . The plasmid encoding RDD seems to be particularly effective due to its direct antitumoral activity combined with angiogenesis suppression, and its marked inhibition of @entity0 .

title: Antitumoral and antimetastatic effect of antiangiogenic plasmids in B16 XXXX : Higher efficiency of the recombinant disintegrin domain of @entity6 .

answer: @entity3