abstract: In 1982 a two dose regimen was introduced in Sweden for the combined vaccination against measles, mumps, and @entity1 of @entity0 aged 18 months and 12 years. Since 1977 about half of the preschool @entity0 were vaccinated against measles annually, and since 1974 about 80% of 12 year old @entity0 were vaccinated against @entity1 . During the period 1982 to 1985 90-93% of the eligible age cohorts of 18 month old @entity0 and 88-91% of the 12 year old @entity0 were immunised with the new combined vaccine. A study in 1982 of about 140 18 month old @entity0 who were nearly all seronegative before vaccination showed that 96%, 92%, and 99% seroconverted against measles, mumps, and @entity1 , respectively. A second study was carried out in 1983 of 247 12 year old @entity0 , of whom 11% lacked antibodies to measles, 27% to mumps, and 45% to @entity1 . This showed seroconversion in 82% and 80% against measles and mumps, respectively, and all @entity0 seroconverted against @entity1 . In the latest study in 1985 of 496 12 year olds 9% and 13% were seronegative against measles and mumps before vaccination, and 41% against @entity1 . Of these, 88% seroconverted to measles and 80% to mumps, and all converted to @entity1 when sera were tested by the haemolysis in gel method. After a neutralisation test against measles as well all @entity0 showed immunity to the disease. A low incidence of measles and declining figures for mumps and @entity1 were reported in 1984 to 1986. An outbreak of @entity1 during 1985 affected mainly @entity0 in age cohorts in which only the @entity0 had been vaccinated during the 1970s.

title: Swedish experience of two dose vaccination programme aiming at eliminating measles, mumps, and XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was designed to compare the long-term surgical outcomes of @entity0 with mid and low @entity1 after open or @entity4 ( @entity4 ). METHODS: A case-matched controlled prospective analysis of 116 @entity0 who underwent @entity4 ( @entity4 ) for stage I to III mid and low @entity1 from 2005 to 2010 was performed. Contemporary @entity0 who underwent open rectal surgery were matched to the @entity4 group at the ratio of 1:1. The perioperative clinical outcomes, postoperative pathology, and survival outcomes were compared between the groups. RESULTS: The @entity0 characteristics between the two groups were comparable. Ninety @entity0 in the open group and 85 in the @entity4 group received sphincter-preserving surgery. @entity4 resulted in less @entity2 and wound @entity3 , faster return to oral diet, shorter postoperative hospital stay, and longer operating time. The two groups had similar complication rates. Lymph node retrieval and involvement of circumferential and distal margins were similar for both procedures. Cumulative incidences of locoregional recurrence, disease-free, or overall survival rates were statistically similar. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that @entity4 for mid and low @entity1 is acceptable in terms of short-term clinical outcomes and long-term survival results.

title: Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery compared with open resection for mid and low XXXX : a case-matched study with long-term follow-up.

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is a heterogeneous group of disease and mutational profiling of @entity5 is a routine practice in thoracic oncology. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity3 mutations play an important role in the carcinogenesis of a subset of @entity5 . Our aim was to investigate the correlation between bone @entity2 and @entity3 and @entity4 mutation status in @entity5 @entity0 . Retrospectively we analysed 224 @entity0 with recurrent or metastatic @entity5 . @entity0 were treated with standard chemotherapy as first line therapy and with @entity3 -TK inhibitors as a second or third line therapy. 72 of 224 @entity0 (32  %) had verified bone @entity2 . Bone @entity2 and Skeletal Related Events (SRE) were more frequent in @entity0 , heavy smokers and without treatment of @entity3 TK inhibitors. We have found that @entity3 and @entity4 mutation status are both predictive factors for the treatment efficacy and prognostic factors for the disease progression. However there were no significant correlation between mutation status and the presence of bone @entity2 (P   =   0, 59). In our study the presence of bone @entity2 proved to be an independent prognostic factor related to poor performance status and worse Quality of Life (QL).

title: Bone Metastases and the @entity3 and @entity4 Mutation Status in XXXX - The Results of Three Year Retrospective Analysis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is a heterogeneous group of disease and mutational profiling of @entity5 is a routine practice in thoracic oncology. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity3 mutations play an important role in the carcinogenesis of a subset of @entity5 . Our aim was to investigate the correlation between bone @entity2 and @entity3 and @entity4 mutation status in @entity5 @entity0 . Retrospectively we analysed 224 @entity0 with recurrent or metastatic @entity5 . @entity0 were treated with standard chemotherapy as first line therapy and with @entity3 -TK inhibitors as a second or third line therapy. 72 of 224 @entity0 (32  %) had verified bone @entity2 . Bone @entity2 and Skeletal Related Events (SRE) were more frequent in @entity0 , heavy smokers and without treatment of @entity3 TK inhibitors. We have found that @entity3 and @entity4 mutation status are both predictive factors for the treatment efficacy and prognostic factors for the disease progression. However there were no significant correlation between mutation status and the presence of bone @entity2 (P   =   0, 59). In our study the presence of bone @entity2 proved to be an independent prognostic factor related to poor performance status and worse Quality of Life (QL).

title: Bone Metastases and the XXXX and @entity4 Mutation Status in @entity5 - The Results of Three Year Retrospective Analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity1 is a heterogeneous group of disease and mutational profiling of @entity5 is a routine practice in thoracic oncology. @entity4 ( @entity4 ) and @entity3 mutations play an important role in the carcinogenesis of a subset of @entity5 . Our aim was to investigate the correlation between bone @entity2 and @entity3 and @entity4 mutation status in @entity5 @entity0 . Retrospectively we analysed 224 @entity0 with recurrent or metastatic @entity5 . @entity0 were treated with standard chemotherapy as first line therapy and with @entity3 -TK inhibitors as a second or third line therapy. 72 of 224 @entity0 (32  %) had verified bone @entity2 . Bone @entity2 and Skeletal Related Events (SRE) were more frequent in @entity0 , heavy smokers and without treatment of @entity3 TK inhibitors. We have found that @entity3 and @entity4 mutation status are both predictive factors for the treatment efficacy and prognostic factors for the disease progression. However there were no significant correlation between mutation status and the presence of bone @entity2 (P   =   0, 59). In our study the presence of bone @entity2 proved to be an independent prognostic factor related to poor performance status and worse Quality of Life (QL).

title: Bone Metastases and the @entity3 and XXXX Mutation Status in @entity5 - The Results of Three Year Retrospective Analysis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: As an alternative approach to the study of hippocampal function in relation to behavior, the averaged evoked potentials (AEPs) evoked by electrical stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals (SCH), the alveus and the contralateral hippocampus were recorded at various depths in the hippocampal @entity1 region of freely moving @entity0 with chronically implanted electrodes. Significant correlations between AEPs, behavior and EEG were found. At one end of the continuum of AEPs were those recorded during @entity2 ( @entity2 ), an EEG pattern associated with slow-wave sleep or awake-immobility. These AEPs had large early peak and low-amplitude late peaks. At the order end of the continuum, during high frequency theta EEG associated with behaviors such as walking, postural change or phasic paradoxical sleep. AEPs had a smaller early peak, increased later peak(s) and appeared oscillatory. The evoked population spike, a synchronous postsynaptic firing of @entity1 neurons, was smaller during behaviors associated with theta than during those associated with @entity2 . It is postulated that a recurrent inhibitory circuit within the hippocampus can account for the change of the AEPs with EEG and behavior and with stimulus intensity. During theta EEG, the negative feedback may increase such that the evoked population excitatory postsynaptic potential and the evoked population spike decrease and ascillatory response is more readily elecited. The excitability state of hippocampal @entity1 may be described by the negative feedback gain in this model.

title: Behavior-dependent evoked potentials in the hippocampal XXXX region of the @entity0 . I. Correlation with behavior and EEG.

answer: @entity1


abstract: As an alternative approach to the study of hippocampal function in relation to behavior, the averaged evoked potentials (AEPs) evoked by electrical stimulation of the Schaffer collaterals (SCH), the alveus and the contralateral hippocampus were recorded at various depths in the hippocampal @entity1 region of freely moving @entity0 with chronically implanted electrodes. Significant correlations between AEPs, behavior and EEG were found. At one end of the continuum of AEPs were those recorded during @entity2 ( @entity2 ), an EEG pattern associated with slow-wave sleep or awake-immobility. These AEPs had large early peak and low-amplitude late peaks. At the order end of the continuum, during high frequency theta EEG associated with behaviors such as walking, postural change or phasic paradoxical sleep. AEPs had a smaller early peak, increased later peak(s) and appeared oscillatory. The evoked population spike, a synchronous postsynaptic firing of @entity1 neurons, was smaller during behaviors associated with theta than during those associated with @entity2 . It is postulated that a recurrent inhibitory circuit within the hippocampus can account for the change of the AEPs with EEG and behavior and with stimulus intensity. During theta EEG, the negative feedback may increase such that the evoked population excitatory postsynaptic potential and the evoked population spike decrease and ascillatory response is more readily elecited. The excitability state of hippocampal @entity1 may be described by the negative feedback gain in this model.

title: Behavior-dependent evoked potentials in the hippocampal @entity1 region of the XXXX . I. Correlation with behavior and EEG.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The role of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in brain stimulation reward produced by electrical stimulation of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) was investigated in the @entity0 . In the first experiment, extensive @entity3 lesions of the ascending fibers of the mesotelencephalic DA projections resulted in significant changes in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) rate-current intensity functions when the lesion was ipsilateral to the stimulating electrode. Similar @entity1 had no effect on these functions, thus ruling out lesion-induced performance deficits as being responsible for the decreases in @entity2 rates across the wide range of current intensities that occurred after the @entity1 . In the second experiment, @entity2 obtained from electrodes in the VTA resulted in significant increases in the DA metabolites, @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and @entity6 ( @entity4 ) in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercle ipsilateral to the stimulating electrode. The ratios of @entity5 and @entity4 to DA, considered to be indices of DA utilization, were also increased in these brain regions ipsilateral to the electrode. No changes were observed in the contralateral striatum, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercle. Similar increases were observed in stimulated "yoked" animals that received brain stimulation at identical rates and currents but did not lever-press for this stimulation. The third experiment examined the effects of lever-pressing for food on an FR8 schedule of reinforcement on DA utilization in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercle. Despite high rates of responding, no effects were observed on @entity5 :DA or @entity4 :DA ratios in these brain regions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: The role of dopamine in XXXX of the ventral tegmental area.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Social cognition difficulties in @entity2 are seen as a barrier to recovery. Intervention tackling problems in this domain have the potential to facilitate functioning and recovery. @entity1 ( @entity1 ) is a manual-based psychological therapy designed to improve social functioning in @entity2 . AIMS: The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a modified version of @entity1 for inpatient forensic wards. The potential benefits of the intervention were also assessed. METHOD: This study is a randomized single blind controlled design, with @entity0 randomized to receive @entity1 (N = 21) or treatment as usual (TAU; N = 15). @entity1 consisted of 8-week therapy sessions twice per week. @entity0 were assessed at week 0 and one week after the intervention on measures of social cognition. Feasibility was assessed through group attendance and @entity3 . @entity0 acceptability and outcome was evaluated through post-group satisfaction and achievement of social goals. RESULTS: The intervention was well received by all @entity0 and the majority reported their confidence improved. The @entity1 group showed a significant improvement in facial affect recognition compared to TAU. Almost all @entity0 agreed they had achieved their social goal as a result of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: It is feasible to deliver @entity1 in a forensic ward setting; however, some adaptation to the protocol may need to be considered in order to accommodate for the reduced social contact within forensic wards. @entity1 in real life may be necessary to achieve benefits to theory of mind and attributional style.

title: Tackling Social Cognition in XXXX : A Randomized Feasibility Trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: AIMS: Invasive @entity3 have significantly increased over the past decades in immunocompromised individuals and high-risk @entity0 . @entity4 ( @entity2 ) exerts a powerful and broad activity against a vast array of fungi and has a remarkably low rate of microbial resistance. However, most isolates of @entity6 developed an intrinsic resistance against @entity2 , and during this study, we characterized the mode of action of this @entity5 antifungal drug in more detail in resistant (ATR) and rare susceptible (ATS) clinical isolates of A. terreus. RESULTS: We illustrate that @entity2 treatment changes cellular redox status and promotes the generation of high levels of reactive @entity1 species (ROS) in ATS. In contrast, ATR isolates were able to cope better with @entity2 -induced oxidative stress. INNOVATION: Most importantly, we demonstrate in this study that coapplication of anti- and pro-oxidants significantly affects @entity2 efficacy in an antithetic manner-antioxidants and ROS-scavenging agents increase @entity2 tolerance in susceptible strains, while pro-oxidants render formerly resistant isolates considerably susceptible to the antifungal drug also in vivo in a Galleria animal model. CONCLUSION: Thereby, our study provides novel therapeutic options to treat formerly resistant fungal strains by a combination of @entity2 and pro-oxidant compounds. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.

title: @entity4 Resistance in XXXX Is Overpowered by Coapplication of Pro-oxidants.

answer: @entity6


abstract: AIMS: Invasive @entity3 have significantly increased over the past decades in immunocompromised individuals and high-risk @entity0 . @entity4 ( @entity2 ) exerts a powerful and broad activity against a vast array of fungi and has a remarkably low rate of microbial resistance. However, most isolates of @entity6 developed an intrinsic resistance against @entity2 , and during this study, we characterized the mode of action of this @entity5 antifungal drug in more detail in resistant (ATR) and rare susceptible (ATS) clinical isolates of A. terreus. RESULTS: We illustrate that @entity2 treatment changes cellular redox status and promotes the generation of high levels of reactive @entity1 species (ROS) in ATS. In contrast, ATR isolates were able to cope better with @entity2 -induced oxidative stress. INNOVATION: Most importantly, we demonstrate in this study that coapplication of anti- and pro-oxidants significantly affects @entity2 efficacy in an antithetic manner-antioxidants and ROS-scavenging agents increase @entity2 tolerance in susceptible strains, while pro-oxidants render formerly resistant isolates considerably susceptible to the antifungal drug also in vivo in a Galleria animal model. CONCLUSION: Thereby, our study provides novel therapeutic options to treat formerly resistant fungal strains by a combination of @entity2 and pro-oxidant compounds. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 00, 000-000.

title: XXXX Resistance in @entity6 Is Overpowered by Coapplication of Pro-oxidants.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) and colonoscopy are tandem procedures in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) screening. A positive FIT predicts @entity5 ( @entity5 ) that requires endoscopic detection and removal. En bloc or piecemeal resection of @entity5 is associated with a significant rate of residual or recurrent @entity1 . Second-look colonoscopies are indicated to assess @entity5 . These colonoscopies can make a substantial demand on colonoscopy capacity and health-care system. This study is the first to evaluate the demand and risk factors for second-look colonoscopy in FIT @entity2 screening. METHODS: All colonoscopies after a positive FIT, in subjects aged 50-74 years approached for 3 rounds of FIT screening, were prospectively registered. Second-look colonoscopies were defined as any colonoscopy within 1 year following a colonoscopy after positive FIT. RESULTS: Out of 1,215 FIT-positive screenees undergoing colonoscopy, 105 (8.6%) @entity0 underwent a second-look colonoscopy, of whom 30 (2.5%) underwent more than one colonoscopy (range 2-9), leading to a total of 149 (12.3%) additional colonoscopies. Main reasons for second-look colonoscopies were assessment of complete @entity5 removal (41.9%) and need for additional polypectomy (34.3%). Risk factors were advanced @entity3 and poor bowel preparation (P<0.001). High fecal hemoglobin concentration was the only predictor of a second-look colonoscopy before index colonoscopy (P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Second-look colonoscopies have substantial impact on colonoscopy resources, increasing the demand with 12%. The main reasons for these second-look colonoscopies were previous incomplete polypectomy and control of @entity4 . A high fecal hemoglobin concentration as measured by FIT can help to identify @entity0 at risk of a second-look colonoscopy.

title: Second-Look Colonoscopies and the Impact on Capacity in FIT-Based XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Hearing aids (HA) provide adequate support for many @entity0 with @entity1 , but not all. Around one third of 10.000 @entity0 provided with hearing aids in the Abbreviated Profile of Hearing Aid Benefit felt no actual benefit when using the hearing aid, although they demonstrated the necessary hearing improvement on speech audiometry. Epidemiological data show bad compliance, especially in older @entity0 . Only one in three hearing aid owners wears their device regularly. For this subpopulation of @entity0 active @entity2 (AMEIs) have been used since 1998. In the present review, the current indications for AMEIs are presented. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A selective literature search in PubMed, as well as a guideline search at the Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Fachgesellschaften e.  V. (German Association of Scientific Societies), was carried out. RESULTS: The present review shows that when there is an adequate indication the hearing capacity of @entity0 can be thoroughly rehabilitated and thus their quality of life improved with the help of AMEIs. Although most commercially available systems have a satisfactory risk profile, increased extrusion rates, malfunctioning and facial paresis have been reported in older implant series. The advantages of AMEIs include @entity1 , reduced feedback, increased hearing quality, increased speech discrimination in the presence of background noise, and an absence of occlusion. CONCLUSIONS: The audiological indication for AMEIs in primary care is usually controversial, since the functional hearing gain and increase in speech discrimination may be small compared with modern conventional hearing aids. AMEIs thus play a main role in the secondary care of @entity0 who do not have sufficient benefit or who have side effects after having a conventional hearing aid fitted.

title: [Differential indication of active XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity1 virus (AIV) is one of the most important zoonotic pathogens because of its potential to cause severe disease outbreaks in avian and @entity0 hosts. Virus isolation in embryonated @entity2 eggs (ECEs) remains a gold standard technique for AIV detection. However, some laboratories prefer molecular methods, such as real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), for initial sample screening because of their high throughput sample processing and rapid results. Samples found positive on real-time qRT-PCR are then inoculated in ECEs for virus isolation and characterization. This approach is based on the premise that real-time qRT-PCR will detect all AIV-positive samples. The current study aimed to determine if AIV can be isolated from cloacal samples of waterfowl that were initially found to be negative by real-time qRT-PCR screening. Quantitative RT-PCR-negative cloacal samples (1,369) were inoculated for virus isolation in commercial nonspecific pathogen-free ECEs. After 4 days of incubation, the allantoic fluids were harvested and inoculated in fresh ECEs for a second passage. Allantoic fluids from 147 samples were positive for hemagglutination with @entity2 erythrocytes. Of the 147 hemagglutination-positive allantoic fluids, 82 were AIV positive when confirmed with real-time qRT-PCR. Ten isolates were subtyped as H7N2 (n = 7), H7N1, H1N2, and @entity3 . In addition, N subtype could be determined for isolates from an additional 25 samples. These results highlight the fact that screening by real-time qRT-PCR may result in some false-negative cloacal samples for AIV.

title: Isolation of XXXX virus from polymerase chain reaction-negative cloacal samples of waterfowl.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Perirectal spacing, whereby biomaterials are placed between the prostate and rectum, shows promise in reducing rectal dose during @entity3 radiation therapy. A prospective multicenter randomized controlled pivotal trial was performed to assess outcomes following absorbable spacer (SpaceOAR system) implantation. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Overall, 222 @entity0 with clinical stage T1 or T2 @entity3 underwent computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans for treatment planning, followed with fiducial marker placement, and were randomized to receive spacer injection or no injection (control). @entity0 received postprocedure CT and MRI planning scans and underwent image guided intensity modulated radiation therapy (79.2  Gy in 1.8-Gy fractions). Spacer safety and impact on rectal irradiation, @entity1 , and quality of life were assessed throughout 15  months. RESULTS: Spacer application was rated as "easy" or "very easy" 98.7% of the time, with a 99% hydrogel placement success rate. Perirectal spaces were 12.6      3.9  mm and 1.6      2.0  mm in the spacer and control groups, respectively. There were no device-related adverse events, rectal perforations, serious @entity4 , or infections within either group. Pre-to postspacer plans had a significant reduction in mean rectal V70 (12.4% to 3.3%, P<.0001). Overall acute rectal adverse event rates were similar between groups, with fewer spacer @entity0 experiencing @entity2 (P=.02). A significant reduction in late (3-15  months) @entity1 severity in the spacer group was observed (P=.04), with a 2.0% and 7.0% late @entity1 incidence in the spacer and control groups, respectively. There was no late @entity1 greater than grade 1 in the spacer group. At 15  months 11.6% and 21.4% of spacer and control @entity0 , respectively, experienced 10-point declines in bowel quality of life. MRI scans at 12  months verified spacer absorption. CONCLUSIONS: Spacer application was well tolerated. Increased perirectal space reduced rectal irradiation, reduced @entity1 severity, and decreased rates of @entity0 experiencing declines in bowel quality of life. The spacer appears to be an effective tool, potentially enabling advanced prostate RT protocols.

title: Hydrogel Spacer Prospective Multicenter Randomized Controlled Pivotal Trial: Dosimetric  and Clinical Effects of Perirectal Spacer Application in XXXX Undergoing Prostate  Image Guided Intensity Modulated Radiation  Therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The effect of age and/or comorbidities on management decisions in @entity1 @entity0 has been debated. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was developed to help predict mortality from chronic medical conditions. This study was undertaken to evaluate whether CCI is correlated with @entity1 . @entity0 AND METHODS: A retrospective chart review of 617 @entity1 @entity0 diagnosed between 1994 and 2007 was conducted. CCI was calculated for each @entity0 with and without the inclusion of age. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between CCI and survival while adjusting for other prognostic factors. RESULTS: Six @entity0 were excluded from the final analysis due to missing outcome or comorbidity data. The median age at diagnosis was 64 years (range, 16-89 y). Five hundred fourteen @entity0 (84%) had @entity4 and 97 @entity0 (16%) had @entity2 . Using multivariate analysis, no correlation was found between CCI and risk of @entity3 whether or not age was included in the index score. CONCLUSIONS: CCI did not provide predictive @entity1 @entity0 . Development of accurate and predictive prognostic models to help estimate a @entity0 's prognosis is needed.

title: Predictive ability of Charlson comorbidity index on outcomes from XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Most @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) develop @entity4 ; however, @entity2 is not always present. Failure of the vasoconstrictor response is thought to be responsible for @entity2 , but the degree of impairment of this response in @entity0 with @entity5 is unclear. We assessed autonomic function in @entity0 with @entity5 by evaluating the vasoconstrictive response during a head-up tilt test and determining its relationship to @entity2 . As an additional examination, the efficacy of @entity3 in treating @entity2 was also assessed. METHODS: The study included 82 @entity0 with @entity5 and 28 controls. Measures of total peripheral resistance were obtained during a head-up tilt test. @entity3 was administered to the @entity0 lacking a vasoconstrictive response to evaluate its ability to treat @entity2 . RESULTS: At a 60   tilt, @entity2 occurred in 47.6% of the @entity0 and 0% of controls. Reduction in total peripheral resistance from baseline at a 60   tilt was observed in 69.5% of the @entity0 and 0% of controls. In @entity0 with @entity5 , changes in systolic blood pressure from the baseline at a 60   tilt correlated positively with changes in the total peripheral resistance (r  =  0.69, p  <  0.0001). @entity3 prevented the reduction of total peripheral resistance and development of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: A large number of @entity0 with @entity5 with and without @entity2 have an impaired peripheral vasoconstrictive response, suggesting a high frequency of @entity1 with an associated risk of developing @entity2 . A @entity3 infusion was effective for treating @entity2 .

title: Impaired peripheral vasoconstrictor response to orthostatic stress in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Most @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ) develop @entity4 ; however, @entity2 is not always present. Failure of the vasoconstrictor response is thought to be responsible for @entity2 , but the degree of impairment of this response in @entity0 with @entity5 is unclear. We assessed autonomic function in @entity0 with @entity5 by evaluating the vasoconstrictive response during a head-up tilt test and determining its relationship to @entity2 . As an additional examination, the efficacy of @entity3 in treating @entity2 was also assessed. METHODS: The study included 82 @entity0 with @entity5 and 28 controls. Measures of total peripheral resistance were obtained during a head-up tilt test. @entity3 was administered to the @entity0 lacking a vasoconstrictive response to evaluate its ability to treat @entity2 . RESULTS: At a 60   tilt, @entity2 occurred in 47.6% of the @entity0 and 0% of controls. Reduction in total peripheral resistance from baseline at a 60   tilt was observed in 69.5% of the @entity0 and 0% of controls. In @entity0 with @entity5 , changes in systolic blood pressure from the baseline at a 60   tilt correlated positively with changes in the total peripheral resistance (r  =  0.69, p  <  0.0001). @entity3 prevented the reduction of total peripheral resistance and development of @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: A large number of @entity0 with @entity5 with and without @entity2 have an impaired peripheral vasoconstrictive response, suggesting a high frequency of @entity1 with an associated risk of developing @entity2 . A @entity3 infusion was effective for treating @entity2 .

title: Impaired peripheral vasoconstrictor response to orthostatic stress in XXXX with @entity5 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Ventilatory effects of @entity6 , used as a sole agent for the induction and maintenance of general anaesthesia, were studied in 14 healthy unpremedicated @entity0 . Subarachnoid anaesthesia was established before induction of general anaesthesia. Induction was with @entity6 2.5 mg kg-1 given while the @entity0 breathed 100% @entity1 . We intended to start an infusion of @entity6 100 micrograms kg-1 @entity5 ; maintain it for at least 25 min; make a first set of quasi-steady-state observations; double the infusion; and repeat observations after 25 min. The single induction bolus plus single rate infusion was not totally satisfactory: further boluses were usually needed. At induction there was apnoea in all but three @entity0 , sometimes lasting more than 3 min; hyperventilation before induction, combined with @entity4 , probably exaggerated this. Established ventilatory rates were generally 30% higher than awake. One @entity0 became bradypnoeic. Tidal volume and minute ventilation, and the Tl:Ttot ratio, were reduced. Doubling the infusion rate had no clear effect on frequency or tidal volume, but it further reduced the Tl:Ttot ratio and caused an increase in PE'CO2 of 1 kPa. The ventilatory response to @entity3 was 58% of baseline awake control (95% confidence limits +/- 26%) at the lower infusion rate, with further slight @entity2 when the infusion rate was doubled. Doubling the rate of infusion of @entity6 did not give twice the effect on ventilation, and probably is not giving twice the "depth" of anaesthesia. We cannot say if this is for pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamic reasons.

title: Some ventilatory effects of XXXX as sole anaesthetic agent.

answer: @entity6


abstract: For a long time, @entity2 has been known as a risk factor for @entity3 , which is one of the main causes of @entity6 in developed countries. This risk is due to the coexistence of other factors associated with @entity2 , such as @entity4 , @entity11 , @entity10 , and @entity7 . @entity2 is also a major risk factor for @entity5 2 @entity1 , and it is not surprising that the global prevalence of this disease continues to increase. Surgical intervention is now the most effective modality to treat severe @entity2 and its comorbidities. However, endoluminal interventions performed entirely through the gastrointestinal tract by using endoscopic devices offer the potential for an outpatient @entity8 procedure that may be safer, less invasive, and more cost-effective, compared with current surgical approaches. Given the emerging role of endoscopic procedures in the treatment of @entity2 and rapid changes in endoscopic technologies and techniques, this review considers the current state of endoscopic management of @entity2 and @entity5 2 @entity1 . Endoscopic techniques attempt to mimic some of the anatomic features of bariatric surgery and rely on gastric restriction and duodenal exclusion. The endoscopic placement of the duodenal-jejunal bypass liner in morbidly @entity2 @entity0 induces significant @entity8 . Additionally, early studies reported significant improvements in several parameters of @entity9 homeostasis in morbidly @entity2 @entity0 with @entity5 2 @entity1 . In this article we will review the available results obtained with the duodenal-jejunal bypass liner.

title: Endoscopic Therapeutic Option for Weight Loss and Control of Type 2 XXXX : the Duodenal-Jejunal Bypass Liner.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Because of the hepatotoxic, mutagenic, and cancerogenic effects of @entity1 ( @entity2 ) the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR) recommends not to exceed a daily PA intake of 0.007    g/kg body weight (0.42    g/60  kg adult). In a recent study conducted by the BfR, up to 5647    g PA/kg dried herbal material were detected in tea products marketed as food. PURPOSE: The present study aimed at elucidating whether medicinal teas licensed or registered as medicinal products contain @entity2 as well. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred sixty-nine different commercially available medicinal teas, i.e. 19 nettle (Urtica dioica L.), 12 fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), 14 chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.), 11 melissa (Melissa officinalis L.) and 4 peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) teas as well as 109 tea mixtures were analyzed for the presence of 23 commercially available @entity2 . METHOD: LC/ @entity0 was used for the determination of the @entity2 RESULTS: In general, the total PA contents ranging 0-5668    g/kg. Thirty percent of the tested single-ingredient tea products and 56.9% of the tested medicinal tea mixtures were found to contain PA concentrations above the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 10    g/kg. In 11 medicinal teas PA contents >300    g/kg dry herb were determined thus exceeding the recommended limit for PA intake by BfR. In addition three products of the investigated tea mixtures revealed extremely high PA contents of 4227, 5137, and 5668    g/kg. Generally, single-ingredient tea products contained much less or even no detectable amounts of @entity2 when compared to the tea mixtures. @entity2 in the range between 13 and 1080    g/kg were also detected in five analyzed aqueous herbal infusions of the medicinal tea mixture products with the highest PA content. Two out of the five investigated herbal infusions exceeded the recommended BfR limit for PA intake. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates clearly that also medicinal teas licensed as medicinal products may partly contain high amounts of @entity2 exceeding current recommendations. For that reason manufacturers are advised to carry out more rigorous quality control tests devoted to the detection of @entity2 . This is very important to minimize @entity2 in medicinal teas accounting for possible additional exposure of the consumer to @entity2 from other food sources (e.g. honey).

title: Detection of XXXX in German licensed herbal medicinal teas.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity9 is a hypomethylating agent that irreversibly inhibits DNA methyltransferase I, inducing leukemic differentiation and re-expression of epigenetically silenced putative @entity1 antigens. We assessed safety and efficacy of @entity9 maintenance after allogeneic transplantation for @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity9 maintenance may help eradicate minimal @entity2 , decrease the incidence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and facilitate a graft-versus- @entity5 effect by enhancing the effect of T regulatory lymphocytes. @entity0 with @entity8 / @entity7 in complete remission (CR) after allotransplantation started @entity9 between day +50 and +100. We investigated 4 @entity9 doses in cohorts of 4 @entity0 : 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mg/m(2)/day * 5 days every 6 weeks, for a maximum 8 cycles. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was defined as the maximum dose at which  <= 25% of @entity0 experience dose-limiting @entity3 during the first cycle of treatment. Twenty-four @entity0 were enrolled and 22 were evaluable. All 4 dose levels were completed and no MTD was reached. Overall, @entity9 maintenance was well tolerated. Grade 3 and 4 hematological @entity3 were experienced by 75% of @entity0 , including all @entity0 treated at the highest dose level. Nine @entity0 completed all 8 cycles and 8 of them remain in CR. Nine @entity0 died from relapse (n = 4), infectious complications (n = 3), and @entity6 (n = 2). Most occurrences of acute @entity6 were mild and resolved without interruption of treatment; 1 @entity0 died of acute gut @entity6 . @entity9 maintenance did not clearly impact the rate of chronic @entity6 . Although there was a trend of increased @entity4 expression, results were not statistically significant. In conclusion, @entity9 maintenance is associated with acceptable @entity3 when given in the post-allotransplantation setting. Although the MTD was not reached, the dose of 10 mg/m(2) for 5 days every 6 weeks appeared to be the optimal dose rather than 15 mg/m(2), where most hematological @entity3 occurred.

title: Maintenance Therapy with @entity9 after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for @entity8 and XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity9 is a hypomethylating agent that irreversibly inhibits DNA methyltransferase I, inducing leukemic differentiation and re-expression of epigenetically silenced putative @entity1 antigens. We assessed safety and efficacy of @entity9 maintenance after allogeneic transplantation for @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity9 maintenance may help eradicate minimal @entity2 , decrease the incidence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and facilitate a graft-versus- @entity5 effect by enhancing the effect of T regulatory lymphocytes. @entity0 with @entity8 / @entity7 in complete remission (CR) after allotransplantation started @entity9 between day +50 and +100. We investigated 4 @entity9 doses in cohorts of 4 @entity0 : 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mg/m(2)/day * 5 days every 6 weeks, for a maximum 8 cycles. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was defined as the maximum dose at which  <= 25% of @entity0 experience dose-limiting @entity3 during the first cycle of treatment. Twenty-four @entity0 were enrolled and 22 were evaluable. All 4 dose levels were completed and no MTD was reached. Overall, @entity9 maintenance was well tolerated. Grade 3 and 4 hematological @entity3 were experienced by 75% of @entity0 , including all @entity0 treated at the highest dose level. Nine @entity0 completed all 8 cycles and 8 of them remain in CR. Nine @entity0 died from relapse (n = 4), infectious complications (n = 3), and @entity6 (n = 2). Most occurrences of acute @entity6 were mild and resolved without interruption of treatment; 1 @entity0 died of acute gut @entity6 . @entity9 maintenance did not clearly impact the rate of chronic @entity6 . Although there was a trend of increased @entity4 expression, results were not statistically significant. In conclusion, @entity9 maintenance is associated with acceptable @entity3 when given in the post-allotransplantation setting. Although the MTD was not reached, the dose of 10 mg/m(2) for 5 days every 6 weeks appeared to be the optimal dose rather than 15 mg/m(2), where most hematological @entity3 occurred.

title: Maintenance Therapy with XXXX after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for @entity8 and @entity7 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: @entity9 is a hypomethylating agent that irreversibly inhibits DNA methyltransferase I, inducing leukemic differentiation and re-expression of epigenetically silenced putative @entity1 antigens. We assessed safety and efficacy of @entity9 maintenance after allogeneic transplantation for @entity8 ( @entity8 ) and @entity7 ( @entity7 ). @entity9 maintenance may help eradicate minimal @entity2 , decrease the incidence of @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and facilitate a graft-versus- @entity5 effect by enhancing the effect of T regulatory lymphocytes. @entity0 with @entity8 / @entity7 in complete remission (CR) after allotransplantation started @entity9 between day +50 and +100. We investigated 4 @entity9 doses in cohorts of 4 @entity0 : 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mg/m(2)/day * 5 days every 6 weeks, for a maximum 8 cycles. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was defined as the maximum dose at which  <= 25% of @entity0 experience dose-limiting @entity3 during the first cycle of treatment. Twenty-four @entity0 were enrolled and 22 were evaluable. All 4 dose levels were completed and no MTD was reached. Overall, @entity9 maintenance was well tolerated. Grade 3 and 4 hematological @entity3 were experienced by 75% of @entity0 , including all @entity0 treated at the highest dose level. Nine @entity0 completed all 8 cycles and 8 of them remain in CR. Nine @entity0 died from relapse (n = 4), infectious complications (n = 3), and @entity6 (n = 2). Most occurrences of acute @entity6 were mild and resolved without interruption of treatment; 1 @entity0 died of acute gut @entity6 . @entity9 maintenance did not clearly impact the rate of chronic @entity6 . Although there was a trend of increased @entity4 expression, results were not statistically significant. In conclusion, @entity9 maintenance is associated with acceptable @entity3 when given in the post-allotransplantation setting. Although the MTD was not reached, the dose of 10 mg/m(2) for 5 days every 6 weeks appeared to be the optimal dose rather than 15 mg/m(2), where most hematological @entity3 occurred.

title: Maintenance Therapy with @entity9 after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for XXXX and @entity7 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Measuring and mitigating @entity0 ( @entity1 ) emissions from livestock is of increasing importance for the environment and for policy making. Potentially, the most sustainable way of reducing enteric @entity1 emission from ruminants is through the estimation of genomic breeding values to facilitate genetic selection. There is potential for adopting genetic selection and in the future genomic selection, for reduced @entity1 emissions from ruminants. From this review it has been observed that both @entity1 emissions and production (g/day) are a heritable and repeatable trait. @entity1 emissions are strongly related to feed intake both in the short term (minutes to several hours) and over the medium term (days). When measured over the medium term, @entity1 yield (MY, g @entity1 /kg dry matter intake) is a heritable and repeatable trait albeit with less genetic variation than for @entity1 emissions. @entity1 emissions of individual animals are moderately repeatable across diets, and across feeding levels, when measured in respiration chambers. Repeatability is lower when short term measurements are used, possibly due to variation in time and amount of feed ingested prior to the measurement. However, while repeated measurements add value; it is preferable the measures be separated by at least 3 to 14 days. This temporal separation of measurements needs to be investigated further. Given the above issue can be resolved, short term (over minutes to hours) measurements of @entity1 emissions show promise, especially on systems where animals are fed ad libitum and frequency of meals is high. However, we believe that for short-term measurements to be useful for genetic evaluation, a number (between 3 and 20) of measurements will be required over an extended period of time (weeks to months). There are opportunities for using short-term measurements in standardised feeding situations such as breath 'sniffers' attached to milking parlours or total mixed ration feeding bins, to measure @entity1 . Genomic selection has the potential to reduce both @entity1 emissions and MY, but measurements on thousands of individuals will be required. This includes the need for combined resources across countries in an international effort, emphasising the need to acknowledge the impact of animal and production systems on measurement of the @entity1 trait during design of experiments.

title: Animal board invited review: genetic possibilities to reduce enteric XXXX emissions from ruminants.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: Few data are available on the diagnostic accuracy of @entity4 biopsy. METHODS: We sought to evaluate morphological diagnostic accuracy--such as histotype, Fuhrman grading, and @entity1 --on a series of renal biopsies and matched whole @entity0 . RESULTS: Among 56 @entity4 , the benign instances consisted of six @entity6 (10.7%), one @entity2 ( @entity2 ; 1.8%), and one @entity3 (1.8%). @entity0 consisted of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in 37 cases (66.1%), papillary @entity5 in six cases (10.7%), chromophobe @entity5 in three cases (5.4%), and unclassified @entity5 in one case (1.8%). Core biopsies were conclusive in 53 cases (94.6%), identifying six (10.7%) benign and 47 (83.9%) RCCs. The accuracy in identifying histological subtype was 92%, and the concordance between core biopsies and surgical specimens was nearly perfect (k = 0.858; p < 0.001). With regard to nuclear grade, the concordance index was only moderate (k = 0.253) and the concordance between core biopsies and surgical specimens was fair (k = 0.20; p = 0.11), such as for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the accuracy in identifying histological subtype is high. @entity0 with oncocytic features are the most problematic for diagnosis. Results for nuclear grades and coagulative @entity0 @entity1 are less convincing.

title: Accuracy of on-bench biopsies in the evaluation of the histological subtype, grade, and @entity1 of XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS: Few data are available on the diagnostic accuracy of @entity4 biopsy. METHODS: We sought to evaluate morphological diagnostic accuracy--such as histotype, Fuhrman grading, and @entity1 --on a series of renal biopsies and matched whole @entity0 . RESULTS: Among 56 @entity4 , the benign instances consisted of six @entity6 (10.7%), one @entity2 ( @entity2 ; 1.8%), and one @entity3 (1.8%). @entity0 consisted of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in 37 cases (66.1%), papillary @entity5 in six cases (10.7%), chromophobe @entity5 in three cases (5.4%), and unclassified @entity5 in one case (1.8%). Core biopsies were conclusive in 53 cases (94.6%), identifying six (10.7%) benign and 47 (83.9%) RCCs. The accuracy in identifying histological subtype was 92%, and the concordance between core biopsies and surgical specimens was nearly perfect (k = 0.858; p < 0.001). With regard to nuclear grade, the concordance index was only moderate (k = 0.253) and the concordance between core biopsies and surgical specimens was fair (k = 0.20; p = 0.11), such as for @entity1 . CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the accuracy in identifying histological subtype is high. @entity0 with oncocytic features are the most problematic for diagnosis. Results for nuclear grades and coagulative @entity0 @entity1 are less convincing.

title: Accuracy of on-bench biopsies in the evaluation of the histological subtype, grade, and XXXX of @entity4 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Our unit policy in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) and remodeling has been initial overcorrection to improve the ultimate aesthetic outcome of surgery. To assess relapse of anteroposterior (AP) correction in @entity0 with @entity1 undergoing @entity2 and remodeling, a retrospective pilot study identified @entity0 from the unit database. Serial AP calvarial measurements were used to record surgical and postsurgical changes. @entity0 showing a change in measurements toward preoperative values were considered to have relapsed. Associated factors were recorded, and statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS.Thirty-one @entity0 (female n = 10, male n = 21) with a median age at surgery of 17 months and a mean weight of 11 kg were included in the study. The mean hospital stay was 7 days. The mean advancement was 13 (SD, 4) mm, and relapse occurred in 65% (20/31). Mean AP relapse at 5 months was 6.2 mm. No @entity0 required subsequent @entity2 . No significant correlation was found between relapse and age, weight, hospital stay, and syndromic status. Anteroposterior relapse of the fronto-orbital segment occurred in two thirds (65%) of our cohort at 5 months. A prospective study is now under way to analyze this further. The results of this pilot study suggest that strategies to minimize or to compensate for relapse may enhance the ultimate surgical result.

title: XXXX : a pilot study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: A young @entity0 with primary @entity2 presented clinically as a case of 'restrictive' @entity1 with an initial diagnosis of @entity6 , probably of tuberculous origin. Cardiac catheterization showed features compatible with @entity1 or @entity6 but pericardial biopsy was negative. Percutaneous right ventricular endomyocardial biopsies established amyloid infiltration of the myocardium, but rectal, tongue and liver biopsies were all negative for @entity5 . Bence-Jones protein was absent from the urine. Serum electrophoresis, immunophoresis, and bone marrow examination all failed to detect possible multiple @entity4 as a cause of secondary @entity5 . Respiratory function tests showed a restrictive picture, probably secondary to chronic @entity3 . Thus, this case is the second example of primary @entity2 in the world literature which has been dianosed by right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy. Phonocardiographic features of early aortic valve closure are reported for the first time in @entity1 . Since tuberculous @entity6 is an important cause of @entity2 in this country, with effective therapy, the authors stress more frequent use of endomyocardial biopsy as a safe diagnostic tool to exclude other similar disease states. The @entity0 was offered the possibility of a cardiac transplantation in view of the localized nature of his disease, but refused. He now continues to respond unsatisfactorily to antifailure therapy with, presumably, a poor prognosis.

title: Primary XXXX : A case presentation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: An understanding of the functional aspects of gait and balance has wide ramifications. Individuals with @entity2 often restrict physical activity, travel, and social commitments to avoid falling, and loss of balance confidence, itself, is a source of disability. We studied the functional aspects of gait in @entity0 with essential @entity4 (ET), placing their findings within the context of two other @entity1 ( @entity3 ) and comparing them with age-matched controls. METHODS: We administered the six-item Activities of Balance Confidence (ABC-6) Scale and collected data on number of falls and near-falls, and use of walking aids in 422 @entity0 (126 ET, 77 @entity3 , 46 @entity6 , 173 controls). RESULTS: Balance confidence was lowest in @entity3 , intermediate in ET, and relatively preserved in @entity6 compared with controls. This ordering reoccurred for each of the six ABC-6 items. The number of near-falls and falls followed a similar ordering. Use of canes, walkers, and wheelchairs was elevated in ET and even greater in @entity3 . Several measures of balance confidence (ABC-6 items 1, 4, 5, and 6) were lower in torticollis cases than in those with @entity7 , although the two groups did not differ with respect to falls or use of walking aids. DISCUSSION: Lower balance confidence, increased falls, and greater need for walking aids are variably features of a range of @entity5 @entity0 compared to age-matched controls. While most marked among @entity3 @entity0 , these issues affected ET @entity0 as well and, to a small degree, some @entity0 with @entity6 .

title: Functional Aspects of Gait in Essential XXXX : A Comparison with Age-Matched @entity3 Cases, @entity6 Cases, and Controls.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: An understanding of the functional aspects of gait and balance has wide ramifications. Individuals with @entity2 often restrict physical activity, travel, and social commitments to avoid falling, and loss of balance confidence, itself, is a source of disability. We studied the functional aspects of gait in @entity0 with essential @entity4 (ET), placing their findings within the context of two other @entity1 ( @entity3 ) and comparing them with age-matched controls. METHODS: We administered the six-item Activities of Balance Confidence (ABC-6) Scale and collected data on number of falls and near-falls, and use of walking aids in 422 @entity0 (126 ET, 77 @entity3 , 46 @entity6 , 173 controls). RESULTS: Balance confidence was lowest in @entity3 , intermediate in ET, and relatively preserved in @entity6 compared with controls. This ordering reoccurred for each of the six ABC-6 items. The number of near-falls and falls followed a similar ordering. Use of canes, walkers, and wheelchairs was elevated in ET and even greater in @entity3 . Several measures of balance confidence (ABC-6 items 1, 4, 5, and 6) were lower in torticollis cases than in those with @entity7 , although the two groups did not differ with respect to falls or use of walking aids. DISCUSSION: Lower balance confidence, increased falls, and greater need for walking aids are variably features of a range of @entity5 @entity0 compared to age-matched controls. While most marked among @entity3 @entity0 , these issues affected ET @entity0 as well and, to a small degree, some @entity0 with @entity6 .

title: Functional Aspects of Gait in Essential @entity4 : A Comparison with Age-Matched XXXX Cases, @entity6 Cases, and Controls.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: An understanding of the functional aspects of gait and balance has wide ramifications. Individuals with @entity2 often restrict physical activity, travel, and social commitments to avoid falling, and loss of balance confidence, itself, is a source of disability. We studied the functional aspects of gait in @entity0 with essential @entity4 (ET), placing their findings within the context of two other @entity1 ( @entity3 ) and comparing them with age-matched controls. METHODS: We administered the six-item Activities of Balance Confidence (ABC-6) Scale and collected data on number of falls and near-falls, and use of walking aids in 422 @entity0 (126 ET, 77 @entity3 , 46 @entity6 , 173 controls). RESULTS: Balance confidence was lowest in @entity3 , intermediate in ET, and relatively preserved in @entity6 compared with controls. This ordering reoccurred for each of the six ABC-6 items. The number of near-falls and falls followed a similar ordering. Use of canes, walkers, and wheelchairs was elevated in ET and even greater in @entity3 . Several measures of balance confidence (ABC-6 items 1, 4, 5, and 6) were lower in torticollis cases than in those with @entity7 , although the two groups did not differ with respect to falls or use of walking aids. DISCUSSION: Lower balance confidence, increased falls, and greater need for walking aids are variably features of a range of @entity5 @entity0 compared to age-matched controls. While most marked among @entity3 @entity0 , these issues affected ET @entity0 as well and, to a small degree, some @entity0 with @entity6 .

title: Functional Aspects of Gait in Essential @entity4 : A Comparison with Age-Matched @entity3 Cases, XXXX Cases, and Controls.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study was conducted to identify the determinants of protective behavior in relation to @entity1 transmission. Since the risk of transmission is higher among those who have extramarital intercourse, the study sample constituted of such @entity0 . METHODS: We started this study in 2010 and finished it in 2011. @entity0 were divided into low-risk and high-risk groups. High-risk @entity0 included sex workers and those who presented at drop-in centers. Interviewees were 18 @entity0 and @entity0 in the low-risk group and 12 @entity0 and @entity0 in the high-risk group. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and were analyzed using the thematic framework method. RESULTS: In both groups, protective behavior was influenced by willingness to protect, intention or decision to protect, and personal, social, and environmental barriers and facilitators. In terms of willingness, behavior was influenced to preserve sexual pleasure by avoiding condoms. In terms of barriers and facilitators, trust in partner, misperceptions, condom inaccessibility, unplanned sex, fear of contracting the disease, partner's wish, ethical commitments were mentioned by both groups, stigma of condom possession by the low-risk group, and partner's force was mentioned by the high-risk group. CONCLUSION: Educational programs need to focus on changing the concept that "condoms reduce sexual pleasure". In addition, interventional programs to strengthen factors such as self-efficacy, ethical commitments, faithfulness, and correct beliefs such as undue trust in partner, misconception of being safe, unplanned sex, and the stigma of possessing condoms can be very effective in changing high-risk sexual behavior.

title: Barrier and Facilitators of XXXX Related Risky Sexual Behavior.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The effects of promoter treatments prior to initiation on subsequent promotion by @entity10 were examined in SENCAR @entity1 . Groups of @entity1 received two applications of various complete as well as first and second stage promoters given at various time intervals prior to initiation ranging from 3 days to 10 weeks. The @entity1 were then initiated with 2 micrograms of @entity8 ( @entity2 ) followed 2 weeks later by twice-weekly treatments with 2 micrograms of @entity10 . The @entity5 response in @entity1 , receiving pretreatments with 2 micrograms of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) either 3 days, 1, 2, 3 or 5 weeks before initiation, was similar to that seen when @entity4 was given after initiation during stage I of promotion followed by stage II of promotion with @entity10 (4-5 @entity5 per @entity1 in all groups). Surprisingly, pretreatment with the stage II promoter, @entity10 (2 micrograms), either 2 or 5 weeks prior to initiation, also gave @entity5 responses similar to that induced with the standard two-stage promotion protocol (4.7 and 6.4 @entity5 per @entity1 , respectively). The @entity5 response was less than that in the standard two-stage promotion protocol when pretreatments with the stage I promoter @entity7 (80 micrograms/ @entity1 ) were given either 2 or 5 weeks before initiation (2.6 and 2.3 @entity5 per @entity1 , respectively). However, a repeat experiment (currently in progress) with a higher dose of @entity7 (160 micrograms/ @entity1 ) given 2 weeks prior to initiation indicates that it is more effective than the 80 micrograms dose. When the time interval between pretreatment and initiation was increased to 10 weeks, the @entity5 response with @entity4 and @entity7 pretreatment was reduced to below two @entity5 per @entity1 and with @entity10 pretreatment to below three @entity5 per @entity1 , indicating the effect was reversible. Histological changes in epidermis of @entity1 which received two applications of these compounds correlated with the @entity0 response. In this regard, treatment with two applications of @entity4 and @entity10 resulted in an @entity6 of similar magnitude (epidermal thickness of 53.5 +/- 1.5 and 50.0 +/- 1.1 microns, respectively). The @entity6 produced by treatment with two applications of 80 micrograms @entity7 (39.4 +/- 1.8 microns) was significantly less. The ability of pretreatments with @entity9 (20 mg) and chrysarobin (50 micrograms) to affect the subsequent promoting activity of @entity10 was also examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Enhancement of @entity10 -promoted @entity5 formation by treatment with XXXX or @entity10 prior to initiation.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effects of promoter treatments prior to initiation on subsequent promotion by @entity10 were examined in SENCAR @entity1 . Groups of @entity1 received two applications of various complete as well as first and second stage promoters given at various time intervals prior to initiation ranging from 3 days to 10 weeks. The @entity1 were then initiated with 2 micrograms of @entity8 ( @entity2 ) followed 2 weeks later by twice-weekly treatments with 2 micrograms of @entity10 . The @entity5 response in @entity1 , receiving pretreatments with 2 micrograms of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) either 3 days, 1, 2, 3 or 5 weeks before initiation, was similar to that seen when @entity4 was given after initiation during stage I of promotion followed by stage II of promotion with @entity10 (4-5 @entity5 per @entity1 in all groups). Surprisingly, pretreatment with the stage II promoter, @entity10 (2 micrograms), either 2 or 5 weeks prior to initiation, also gave @entity5 responses similar to that induced with the standard two-stage promotion protocol (4.7 and 6.4 @entity5 per @entity1 , respectively). The @entity5 response was less than that in the standard two-stage promotion protocol when pretreatments with the stage I promoter @entity7 (80 micrograms/ @entity1 ) were given either 2 or 5 weeks before initiation (2.6 and 2.3 @entity5 per @entity1 , respectively). However, a repeat experiment (currently in progress) with a higher dose of @entity7 (160 micrograms/ @entity1 ) given 2 weeks prior to initiation indicates that it is more effective than the 80 micrograms dose. When the time interval between pretreatment and initiation was increased to 10 weeks, the @entity5 response with @entity4 and @entity7 pretreatment was reduced to below two @entity5 per @entity1 and with @entity10 pretreatment to below three @entity5 per @entity1 , indicating the effect was reversible. Histological changes in epidermis of @entity1 which received two applications of these compounds correlated with the @entity0 response. In this regard, treatment with two applications of @entity4 and @entity10 resulted in an @entity6 of similar magnitude (epidermal thickness of 53.5 +/- 1.5 and 50.0 +/- 1.1 microns, respectively). The @entity6 produced by treatment with two applications of 80 micrograms @entity7 (39.4 +/- 1.8 microns) was significantly less. The ability of pretreatments with @entity9 (20 mg) and chrysarobin (50 micrograms) to affect the subsequent promoting activity of @entity10 was also examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Enhancement of XXXX -promoted @entity5 formation by treatment with @entity3 or @entity10 prior to initiation.

answer: @entity10


abstract: The effects of promoter treatments prior to initiation on subsequent promotion by @entity10 were examined in SENCAR @entity1 . Groups of @entity1 received two applications of various complete as well as first and second stage promoters given at various time intervals prior to initiation ranging from 3 days to 10 weeks. The @entity1 were then initiated with 2 micrograms of @entity8 ( @entity2 ) followed 2 weeks later by twice-weekly treatments with 2 micrograms of @entity10 . The @entity5 response in @entity1 , receiving pretreatments with 2 micrograms of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) either 3 days, 1, 2, 3 or 5 weeks before initiation, was similar to that seen when @entity4 was given after initiation during stage I of promotion followed by stage II of promotion with @entity10 (4-5 @entity5 per @entity1 in all groups). Surprisingly, pretreatment with the stage II promoter, @entity10 (2 micrograms), either 2 or 5 weeks prior to initiation, also gave @entity5 responses similar to that induced with the standard two-stage promotion protocol (4.7 and 6.4 @entity5 per @entity1 , respectively). The @entity5 response was less than that in the standard two-stage promotion protocol when pretreatments with the stage I promoter @entity7 (80 micrograms/ @entity1 ) were given either 2 or 5 weeks before initiation (2.6 and 2.3 @entity5 per @entity1 , respectively). However, a repeat experiment (currently in progress) with a higher dose of @entity7 (160 micrograms/ @entity1 ) given 2 weeks prior to initiation indicates that it is more effective than the 80 micrograms dose. When the time interval between pretreatment and initiation was increased to 10 weeks, the @entity5 response with @entity4 and @entity7 pretreatment was reduced to below two @entity5 per @entity1 and with @entity10 pretreatment to below three @entity5 per @entity1 , indicating the effect was reversible. Histological changes in epidermis of @entity1 which received two applications of these compounds correlated with the @entity0 response. In this regard, treatment with two applications of @entity4 and @entity10 resulted in an @entity6 of similar magnitude (epidermal thickness of 53.5 +/- 1.5 and 50.0 +/- 1.1 microns, respectively). The @entity6 produced by treatment with two applications of 80 micrograms @entity7 (39.4 +/- 1.8 microns) was significantly less. The ability of pretreatments with @entity9 (20 mg) and chrysarobin (50 micrograms) to affect the subsequent promoting activity of @entity10 was also examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Enhancement of @entity10 -promoted @entity5 formation by treatment with @entity3 or XXXX prior to initiation.

answer: @entity10


abstract: The effects of promoter treatments prior to initiation on subsequent promotion by @entity10 were examined in SENCAR @entity1 . Groups of @entity1 received two applications of various complete as well as first and second stage promoters given at various time intervals prior to initiation ranging from 3 days to 10 weeks. The @entity1 were then initiated with 2 micrograms of @entity8 ( @entity2 ) followed 2 weeks later by twice-weekly treatments with 2 micrograms of @entity10 . The @entity5 response in @entity1 , receiving pretreatments with 2 micrograms of @entity3 ( @entity4 ) either 3 days, 1, 2, 3 or 5 weeks before initiation, was similar to that seen when @entity4 was given after initiation during stage I of promotion followed by stage II of promotion with @entity10 (4-5 @entity5 per @entity1 in all groups). Surprisingly, pretreatment with the stage II promoter, @entity10 (2 micrograms), either 2 or 5 weeks prior to initiation, also gave @entity5 responses similar to that induced with the standard two-stage promotion protocol (4.7 and 6.4 @entity5 per @entity1 , respectively). The @entity5 response was less than that in the standard two-stage promotion protocol when pretreatments with the stage I promoter @entity7 (80 micrograms/ @entity1 ) were given either 2 or 5 weeks before initiation (2.6 and 2.3 @entity5 per @entity1 , respectively). However, a repeat experiment (currently in progress) with a higher dose of @entity7 (160 micrograms/ @entity1 ) given 2 weeks prior to initiation indicates that it is more effective than the 80 micrograms dose. When the time interval between pretreatment and initiation was increased to 10 weeks, the @entity5 response with @entity4 and @entity7 pretreatment was reduced to below two @entity5 per @entity1 and with @entity10 pretreatment to below three @entity5 per @entity1 , indicating the effect was reversible. Histological changes in epidermis of @entity1 which received two applications of these compounds correlated with the @entity0 response. In this regard, treatment with two applications of @entity4 and @entity10 resulted in an @entity6 of similar magnitude (epidermal thickness of 53.5 +/- 1.5 and 50.0 +/- 1.1 microns, respectively). The @entity6 produced by treatment with two applications of 80 micrograms @entity7 (39.4 +/- 1.8 microns) was significantly less. The ability of pretreatments with @entity9 (20 mg) and chrysarobin (50 micrograms) to affect the subsequent promoting activity of @entity10 was also examined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Enhancement of @entity10 -promoted XXXX formation by treatment with @entity3 or @entity10 prior to initiation.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Five @entity0 with @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were classified according to clinical and genetic criteria and were examined by electron microscopy: two cases in Type I and one case each in Types II, III, and V were found. In all cases distinct ultrastructural changes were seen in the fibroblasts and the collagen fibrils whereas the elastic fibers were normal, as shown with special staining techniques. a) The fibroblasts were smaller, their cytoplasmic processes reduced in number and size, the endoplasmic reticulum was underdeveloped and their ribosome content was diminished. Also, cellular degeneration up to @entity1 was found. In three cases intercellular substances were seen, possibly indicating a prefibrillar secretion product of the fibroblasts. b) The collagen fibrils revealed a defective @entity2 with disturbances of their thickness growth. Characteristic are abnormal fibrils with star-shaped cross profiles and marginal serrations in longitudinal sections. Their periodicity, however, remained normal. In three cases (Types I, I, and V) scattered giant fibrils were also present. Generally, the bundling of collagen fibrils into fibers seemed to be loosened. These findings were common to all various types of @entity3 . Therefore, a classification was not possible according to criteria of electron microscopy. @entity3 is a disease of fibroblasts leading to changes of dermal collagen.

title: [Ehlers-Danolos syndrome: a disease of fibroblasts and collagen fibrils. Classification and electron-microscopic findings in five XXXX (author's transl)].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Lymphocyte-specific protein @entity1 kinase ( @entity2 ) plays a key role in T cell signal transduction and is tightly regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. @entity2 can function as an oncoprotein when overexpressed or constantly activated by mutations. Our previous studies showed that @entity2 -induced cellular transformation could be suppressed by enforced expression of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), a @entity6 family member involved in the negative feedback control of cytokine signaling. We observed attenuated @entity2 kinase activity in @entity3 -expressing cells, suggesting an important role of @entity6 in regulating @entity2 functions. It remains largely unknown whether and how @entity6 proteins interact with the oncogenic @entity2 kinase. Here, we report that among four @entity6 family proteins, @entity3 , @entity7 , @entity4 and CIS (cytokine-inducible SH2 domain containing protein), @entity3 has the highest affinity in binding to the oncogenic @entity2 kinase. We identified the positive regulatory @entity5 394 residue in the kinase domain as the key interacting determinant in @entity2 . Additionally, the @entity2 kinase domain alone is sufficient to bind @entity3 . While the SH2 domain in @entity3 is important in its association with the oncogenic @entity2 kinase, other functional domains may also contribute to overall binding affinity. These findings provide important mechanistic insights into the role of @entity6 proteins as @entity0 suppressors in cells transformed by oncogenic protein @entity1 kinases.

title: @entity3 interacts with oncogenic lymphocyte-specific protein XXXX kinase.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Lymphocyte-specific protein @entity1 kinase ( @entity2 ) plays a key role in T cell signal transduction and is tightly regulated by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. @entity2 can function as an oncoprotein when overexpressed or constantly activated by mutations. Our previous studies showed that @entity2 -induced cellular transformation could be suppressed by enforced expression of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), a @entity6 family member involved in the negative feedback control of cytokine signaling. We observed attenuated @entity2 kinase activity in @entity3 -expressing cells, suggesting an important role of @entity6 in regulating @entity2 functions. It remains largely unknown whether and how @entity6 proteins interact with the oncogenic @entity2 kinase. Here, we report that among four @entity6 family proteins, @entity3 , @entity7 , @entity4 and CIS (cytokine-inducible SH2 domain containing protein), @entity3 has the highest affinity in binding to the oncogenic @entity2 kinase. We identified the positive regulatory @entity5 394 residue in the kinase domain as the key interacting determinant in @entity2 . Additionally, the @entity2 kinase domain alone is sufficient to bind @entity3 . While the SH2 domain in @entity3 is important in its association with the oncogenic @entity2 kinase, other functional domains may also contribute to overall binding affinity. These findings provide important mechanistic insights into the role of @entity6 proteins as @entity0 suppressors in cells transformed by oncogenic protein @entity1 kinases.

title: XXXX interacts with oncogenic lymphocyte-specific protein @entity1 kinase.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: In this retrospective investigation, the outcome and @entity4 after reirradiation with concurrent cetuximab immunotherapy of recurrent @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in @entity0 who had contraindications to @entity7 -based chemotherapy were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten @entity0 with locally advanced recurrent @entity3 were retrospectively evaluated. In 9 cases, histology was @entity8 , in one case @entity10 . External beam radiotherapy was part of the initial treatment in all cases. Reirradiation was carried out using step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with a median dose of 50.4 Gy. Cetuximab was applied as loading dose (400 mg/m(2)) 1 week prior to reirradiation and then weekly concurrently with radiotherapy (250 mg/m(2)). RESULTS: The median overall survival time after initiation of reirradiation was 7 months; the 1-year overall survival (OS) rate was 40%. Local failure was found in 3 @entity0 , resulting in a 1-year local control (LC) rate of 61%. The 1-year locoregional control (LRC) rate was 44%, while the 1-year distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) was 75%. Acute @entity9 was not observed in the group. Severe acute @entity4 included one fatal infield @entity5 and one flap @entity1 . Severe late @entity4 were noted in 2 @entity0 : @entity2 of the temporomandibular joint in 1 @entity0 and @entity6 of the cervical esophagus in another. CONCLUSIONS: IMRT reirradiation with concurrent cetuximab immunotherapy in recurrent @entity3 is feasible with acceptable acute @entity4 . Further investigations are necessary to determine the clinical role of this therapy concept.

title: IMRT reirradiation with concurrent cetuximab immunotherapy in recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: This prospective study aimed to determine the risk factors and the 10-year probability of @entity5 in Southern Chinese @entity0 . The findings show substantial population differences in @entity4 incidence and risk prediction compared to the FRAX(TM) model, and the addition of @entity1 information to clinical risk factor assessment improved @entity4 risk prediction in Chinese @entity0 . INTRODUCTION: Clinical risk factors with or without @entity1 ( @entity1 ) measurements are increasingly recognized as reliable predictors of @entity4 risk. Prospective data on @entity4 incidence in Asian @entity0 remain sparse. This prospective study aimed to determine the risk factors and the 10-year absolute @entity4 risk in Southern Chinese @entity0 . METHODS: This is a part of the Hong Kong @entity2 Study. One thousand eight hundred ten (1,810) community-dwelling, treatment-naive @entity0 aged 50  years or above were evaluated. Baseline demographic characteristics, clinical risk factors and @entity1 were recorded. Ten-year risk of @entity5 was calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: The mean age of subjects was 68.0        10.3  years. After a mean follow-up period of 3.5  2.9  years (range 1 to 14  years), 37 incident low-trauma @entity4 were recorded. The incidence for all @entity5 and @entity3 was 635/100,000 and 123/100,000 @entity0 -years, respectively. The most significant predictors of @entity5 were history of fall (RR 14.5), femoral neck @entity1 T-score   <   -2.5 (RR 13.8) and history of @entity4 (RR 4.4). Each SD reduction in @entity1 was associated with a 1.8 to 2.6-fold increase in @entity4 risk. Subjects with seven clinical risk factors and @entity1 T-score of -1 had an absolute 10-year risk of @entity5 of 8.9%, but this increased to 22.7% if they also had a femoral neck @entity1 T-score of -2.5. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show substantial population differences in @entity4 incidence and risk prediction. The addition of @entity1 information to clinical risk factor assessment improved @entity4 risk prediction in Chinese @entity0 .

title: Bone mineral density enhances use of clinical risk factors in predicting ten-year risk of @entity5 in Chinese @entity0 : the Hong Kong XXXX Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This prospective study aimed to determine the risk factors and the 10-year probability of @entity5 in Southern Chinese @entity0 . The findings show substantial population differences in @entity4 incidence and risk prediction compared to the FRAX(TM) model, and the addition of @entity1 information to clinical risk factor assessment improved @entity4 risk prediction in Chinese @entity0 . INTRODUCTION: Clinical risk factors with or without @entity1 ( @entity1 ) measurements are increasingly recognized as reliable predictors of @entity4 risk. Prospective data on @entity4 incidence in Asian @entity0 remain sparse. This prospective study aimed to determine the risk factors and the 10-year absolute @entity4 risk in Southern Chinese @entity0 . METHODS: This is a part of the Hong Kong @entity2 Study. One thousand eight hundred ten (1,810) community-dwelling, treatment-naive @entity0 aged 50  years or above were evaluated. Baseline demographic characteristics, clinical risk factors and @entity1 were recorded. Ten-year risk of @entity5 was calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: The mean age of subjects was 68.0        10.3  years. After a mean follow-up period of 3.5  2.9  years (range 1 to 14  years), 37 incident low-trauma @entity4 were recorded. The incidence for all @entity5 and @entity3 was 635/100,000 and 123/100,000 @entity0 -years, respectively. The most significant predictors of @entity5 were history of fall (RR 14.5), femoral neck @entity1 T-score   <   -2.5 (RR 13.8) and history of @entity4 (RR 4.4). Each SD reduction in @entity1 was associated with a 1.8 to 2.6-fold increase in @entity4 risk. Subjects with seven clinical risk factors and @entity1 T-score of -1 had an absolute 10-year risk of @entity5 of 8.9%, but this increased to 22.7% if they also had a femoral neck @entity1 T-score of -2.5. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show substantial population differences in @entity4 incidence and risk prediction. The addition of @entity1 information to clinical risk factor assessment improved @entity4 risk prediction in Chinese @entity0 .

title: Bone mineral density enhances use of clinical risk factors in predicting ten-year risk of XXXX in Chinese @entity0 : the Hong Kong @entity2 Study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: This prospective study aimed to determine the risk factors and the 10-year probability of @entity5 in Southern Chinese @entity0 . The findings show substantial population differences in @entity4 incidence and risk prediction compared to the FRAX(TM) model, and the addition of @entity1 information to clinical risk factor assessment improved @entity4 risk prediction in Chinese @entity0 . INTRODUCTION: Clinical risk factors with or without @entity1 ( @entity1 ) measurements are increasingly recognized as reliable predictors of @entity4 risk. Prospective data on @entity4 incidence in Asian @entity0 remain sparse. This prospective study aimed to determine the risk factors and the 10-year absolute @entity4 risk in Southern Chinese @entity0 . METHODS: This is a part of the Hong Kong @entity2 Study. One thousand eight hundred ten (1,810) community-dwelling, treatment-naive @entity0 aged 50  years or above were evaluated. Baseline demographic characteristics, clinical risk factors and @entity1 were recorded. Ten-year risk of @entity5 was calculated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: The mean age of subjects was 68.0        10.3  years. After a mean follow-up period of 3.5  2.9  years (range 1 to 14  years), 37 incident low-trauma @entity4 were recorded. The incidence for all @entity5 and @entity3 was 635/100,000 and 123/100,000 @entity0 -years, respectively. The most significant predictors of @entity5 were history of fall (RR 14.5), femoral neck @entity1 T-score   <   -2.5 (RR 13.8) and history of @entity4 (RR 4.4). Each SD reduction in @entity1 was associated with a 1.8 to 2.6-fold increase in @entity4 risk. Subjects with seven clinical risk factors and @entity1 T-score of -1 had an absolute 10-year risk of @entity5 of 8.9%, but this increased to 22.7% if they also had a femoral neck @entity1 T-score of -2.5. CONCLUSIONS: These findings show substantial population differences in @entity4 incidence and risk prediction. The addition of @entity1 information to clinical risk factor assessment improved @entity4 risk prediction in Chinese @entity0 .

title: Bone mineral density enhances use of clinical risk factors in predicting ten-year risk of @entity5 in Chinese XXXX : the Hong Kong @entity2 Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Under the widely used World Health Organization (WHO) classification for the pathological diagnosis of oral @entity1 , @entity4 , which is graded as mild, moderate or severe, and @entity6 ( @entity6 ), which is a @entity2 , are classified as precursor lesions of @entity3 . Since the first edition (Wahi et al. International histological classification of @entity0 no. 4, WHO, Geneva, 1971), the criterion for @entity6 --that all epithelial layers are replaced by atypical cells--has remained unchanged. However, this @entity2 sequence theory was introduced from the viewpoint of pathological changes in the uterine cervix: in contrast, almost all @entity1 and @entity6 of the oral mucosa show superficial maturation and differentiation. Based on this recognition, the @entity7 ( @entity7 ) classification and Ljubljana classification were included in WHO's latest edition published in 2005. Although the WHO classification is commonly used in Japan, recent developments in oral oncology have promoted modifications of the classification used in this country. In 2005, the Working Group of the Japan Society for @entity0 advocated @entity5 staining and proposed a modified @entity7 system, and in 2007, the Working Committee of the Japanese Society for Oral Pathology (JSOP) reported a new @entity6 (JSOP) definition that included differentiated-type @entity6 . In 2010, based on these studies, a new entity--oral @entity8 (OIN)--was included in the first edition of General Rules for Clinical and Pathological Studies on @entity0 . In this review, we focus on the OIN/ @entity6 (JSOP) new classification of @entity1 in oral mucosa, which further advances the concept of @entity7 .

title: Oral XXXX : from the pathological viewpoint.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Treatment of @entity2 is more and more becoming an individualized decision. The choice of the optimal approach is based on prognostic factors, on the anatomic site of the @entity1 , and on expectations about the response to neoadjuvant treatment. @entity2 that is limited to the mucosal layer is the domain of endoscopic resections. As soon as the submucosal layer is invaded, surgical strategies with adequate lymphadenectomy become necessary. DISCUSSION: In many East Asian Centers and some other centers in the world, these @entity1 are resected by a laparoscopic approach. With a high experience, this can be done with excellent quality and outcome. In locally advanced @entity2 , multimodal treatment can improve survival in comparison to surgery alone. However, the strategies differ significantly around the world. While adjuvant chemoradiotherapy is standard in the USA, in Europe, perioperative chemotherapy is the first choice, and in Japan, adjuvant chemotherapy is recommended. In Europe, three randomized phase III studies on the value of preoperative chemotherapy have been performed. Two of them have shown that perioperative chemotherapy does significantly improve the survival of @entity0 with @entity3 and of the esophagogastric junction. The one including only preoperative chemotherapy failed to show a survival benefit for the combined treatment arm but showed excellent outcomes in both the surgery alone and the preoperative chemotherapy arms. Based on these studies, @entity0 with @entity1 are now treated with perioperative chemotherapy. Additionally, it is generally accepted for more than 10 years now that responding @entity0 have a significantly improved prognosis compared to nonresponding @entity0 . The percentage of responding @entity0 varies depending on the applied regimen between 20% and 45%. Therefore, early response evaluation or response prediction is an utmost important field of research. Proximal @entity1 are treated with a transhiatal extended gastrectomy, @entity1 in the middle third with a total gastrectomy, and @entity1 with a subtotal gastrectomy, if possible. Modified D2 lymphadenectomy avoiding splenectomy is now accepted as the standard procedure, providing improved prognosis for certain subgroups of @entity0 . Individualized resection and lymphadenectomy techniques for early @entity1 stages and response-based neoadjuvant concepts for locally advanced @entity1 are the challenge for the future.

title: XXXX : surgery in 2011.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The polar lipid composition in membranes of @entity4 is extensively regulated as a response to environmental changes. In particular, the ratio between the dominating lipids @entity5 and @entity6 is altered depending on temperature, configuration of incorporated @entity2 , and membrane @entity0 content. Synthesis of @entity5 is stimulated by low temperature and @entity2 but diminished by the presence of @entity0 . These factors are likely to affect the molecular geometry of the membrane lipids. @entity5 and @entity6 have wedge- and rodlike molecular shapes, respectively, that are modifiable to a certain extent. The packing constraints of lipids in amphilphilic aggregates, i.e., @entity3 -water interfacial area, @entity3 chain volume, and @entity3 chain length, are very important in determining the aggregate structure [Israelachvili, J. N. Mitchell, D. J., _ Ninham, B. W. (1976) J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 272, 1525]. Pure @entity5 forms a reversed hexagonal (HII) phase structure with different @entity1 contents, while @entity6 forms a lamellar phase. However, the only lipid structure compatible with a functional biological membrane is the lamellar phase. Consequently, the balance between lipids forming lamellar and other mesophase structures must keep within certain limits. Here we show that the response in A. liaidlawii lipid metabolism following external and internal stimuli can be predicted on the basis of molecular shapes and is necessary for the cell in order to maintain optimal membrane stability. Furthermore, the reduced capacity of @entity4 membranes to incorporate @entity0 is another consequence of this regulation, aiming at preservation of bilayer stability.

title: Lipid bilayer stability in membranes. Regulation of lipid composition in XXXX as governed by molecular shape.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 1. The 31P-NMR characteristics of intact @entity0 liver mitochondria, mitoplasts and isolated inner mitochondrial membranes, as well as mitochondrial @entity4 and @entity3 , have been examined. 2. @entity0 liver mitochondrial @entity4 hydrated in excess aqueous buffer undergoes a bilayer-to-hyexagonal (HII) polymorphic phase transition as the temperature is increased through 10 degrees C, and thus prefers the HII arrangement at 37 degrees C. @entity0 liver mitochondiral @entity3 , on the other hand, adopts the bilayer phase at 37 degrees C. 3. Total inner mitochondrial membrane lipids. dispersed in an excess of aqueous buffer, exhibit 31P-NMR spectra consistent with a bilayer arrangment for the majority of the endogeneous phospholipids; the remainer exhibit spectra consistent with structure allowing isotropic motional averaging. Addition of @entity1 results in hexagonal (HII) phase formation for a portion of the phospholipids, as well as formation of 'lipidic particles' as detected by freeze-fracture techniques. 4. Preparations of inner mitochondrial membrane at 4 and 37 degrees C exhibit 31P-NMR spectra consistent with a bilayer arrangement of the large majority of the endogenous phospholipids which are detected. Approx. 10% of the signal intensity has characteristics indicating isotropic motional averaging processes. Addition of @entity1 results in an increase in the size of this component, which can become the domiant spectral feature. 5. Intact mitochondria, at 4 degrees C, exhibit 31P-NMR spectra arising from both phospholid and small water-soluble molecules ( @entity2 , Pi, etc.). The phospholipid spectrum is characteristic of a bilayer arrangement. At 37 degrees C the phospholipids again give spectra consistent with a bilayer; however, the labile nature of these systems is reflected by increased isotropic motion at longer (at least 30 min) incubation times. 6. It is suggested that the uncoupling action of high @entity1 concentrations on intact mitochondria may be related to a @entity1 -induced disruption of the integrity of the inner mitochondrial phospholipid bilayer. Further, the possibility that non-bilayer lipid structures such as inverted micelles occur in the inner mitochondrial membrane cannot be excluded.

title: Structural properties of phospholipids in the XXXX liver inner mitochondrial membrane.

answer: @entity0


abstract: After @entity0 liver 60-S ribosomal subunits were irradiated with ultraviolet light at 254 nm, they were treated with @entity3 and then subjected to @entity2 density-gradient centrifugation to isolate 5 S RNA-protein complex. When 5 S RNA-protein was analyzed by @entity1 - @entity4 gel electrophoresis which dissociated noncovalent 5 S RNA-protein, two protein bands were observed. The one showed a slower mobility than the protein band (L5) of 5 S RNA-protein from non-irradiated 60 S subunit and the other showed the same mobility as L5 protein. Since the former band was shown to be specific to ultraviolet-irradiation, it was considered as cross-linked 5 S RNA-protein. After the two protein bands were iodinated with 125 I, labeled protein was extracted and treated with RNAase. Thereafter, it was analyzed by two-dimensional @entity4 gel electrophoresis, followed by autoradiography. The results indicate that the protein component of cross-linked 5 S RNA-protein is L5 protein (ribosomal protein; these proteins are designated according to the proposed uniform nomenclature. The correlation between that and our nomenclature was reported by McConkey et al. (1979) Mol. Gen. Genet. 169, 1-6. They also confirm the results previously reported (Terao, K., Takahashi, Y. and O(gata, K. (1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 402, 230-237).

title: Cross-linking of L5 protein to 5 S RNA in XXXX liver 60-S subunits by ultraviolet irradiation.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity3 pool of mitochondria has been recently implicated in the sensitivity of erythroid cells to @entity10 (CAP) [8]. In the present study, we have analyzed the composition of that pool in the sensitive @entity14 mitochondria (EM) and compared it with that of the resistant @entity12 ( @entity12 ). We have also tested the effect of every major component in each pool on the sensitivity to CAP. The study of endogenous @entity3 composition of EM and @entity12 was performed with a JEOL 5AH @entity3 analyzer, and the sensitivity to the drug was assayed by determining its interaction with the mitochondrial protein synthesis activity. Analysis of the total endogenous pool showed about 20% more @entity7 in @entity12 compared to EM. However, some @entity7 were present in significantly higher (e.g. @entity9 , @entity4 and @entity11 ) or lower (e.g. @entity6 , @entity1 , @entity2 , @entity0 and @entity8 ) quantity within EM. When compensating for each low @entity3 in either @entity12 or EM by addition of that particular acid to the incubation medium, only @entity9 and @entity4 had a significant effect. Thus, the addition of @entity9 or @entity4 enhanced the sensitivity to CAP from 14 to 49-52% in @entity12 , but were without effect in EM. Addition of the other acids to either mitochondria gave little or no effect. Since @entity4 could be interconvertible intramitochondrially to @entity9 , and because the latter with @entity13 are the first reactants in heme biosynthesis which is initiated inside the mitochondria, it would appear that erythroid cell sensitivity to CAP is predetermined by the mitochondrial @entity9 - @entity4 pool and might be somehow related to the pathway of @entity5 biosynthesis in these cells.

title: Importance of the mitochondrial @entity3 pool in the sensitivity of erythroid cells to XXXX : role of @entity9 and @entity4 .

answer: @entity10


abstract: The @entity3 pool of mitochondria has been recently implicated in the sensitivity of erythroid cells to @entity10 (CAP) [8]. In the present study, we have analyzed the composition of that pool in the sensitive @entity14 mitochondria (EM) and compared it with that of the resistant @entity12 ( @entity12 ). We have also tested the effect of every major component in each pool on the sensitivity to CAP. The study of endogenous @entity3 composition of EM and @entity12 was performed with a JEOL 5AH @entity3 analyzer, and the sensitivity to the drug was assayed by determining its interaction with the mitochondrial protein synthesis activity. Analysis of the total endogenous pool showed about 20% more @entity7 in @entity12 compared to EM. However, some @entity7 were present in significantly higher (e.g. @entity9 , @entity4 and @entity11 ) or lower (e.g. @entity6 , @entity1 , @entity2 , @entity0 and @entity8 ) quantity within EM. When compensating for each low @entity3 in either @entity12 or EM by addition of that particular acid to the incubation medium, only @entity9 and @entity4 had a significant effect. Thus, the addition of @entity9 or @entity4 enhanced the sensitivity to CAP from 14 to 49-52% in @entity12 , but were without effect in EM. Addition of the other acids to either mitochondria gave little or no effect. Since @entity4 could be interconvertible intramitochondrially to @entity9 , and because the latter with @entity13 are the first reactants in heme biosynthesis which is initiated inside the mitochondria, it would appear that erythroid cell sensitivity to CAP is predetermined by the mitochondrial @entity9 - @entity4 pool and might be somehow related to the pathway of @entity5 biosynthesis in these cells.

title: Importance of the mitochondrial XXXX pool in the sensitivity of erythroid cells to @entity10 : role of @entity9 and @entity4 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The @entity3 pool of mitochondria has been recently implicated in the sensitivity of erythroid cells to @entity10 (CAP) [8]. In the present study, we have analyzed the composition of that pool in the sensitive @entity14 mitochondria (EM) and compared it with that of the resistant @entity12 ( @entity12 ). We have also tested the effect of every major component in each pool on the sensitivity to CAP. The study of endogenous @entity3 composition of EM and @entity12 was performed with a JEOL 5AH @entity3 analyzer, and the sensitivity to the drug was assayed by determining its interaction with the mitochondrial protein synthesis activity. Analysis of the total endogenous pool showed about 20% more @entity7 in @entity12 compared to EM. However, some @entity7 were present in significantly higher (e.g. @entity9 , @entity4 and @entity11 ) or lower (e.g. @entity6 , @entity1 , @entity2 , @entity0 and @entity8 ) quantity within EM. When compensating for each low @entity3 in either @entity12 or EM by addition of that particular acid to the incubation medium, only @entity9 and @entity4 had a significant effect. Thus, the addition of @entity9 or @entity4 enhanced the sensitivity to CAP from 14 to 49-52% in @entity12 , but were without effect in EM. Addition of the other acids to either mitochondria gave little or no effect. Since @entity4 could be interconvertible intramitochondrially to @entity9 , and because the latter with @entity13 are the first reactants in heme biosynthesis which is initiated inside the mitochondria, it would appear that erythroid cell sensitivity to CAP is predetermined by the mitochondrial @entity9 - @entity4 pool and might be somehow related to the pathway of @entity5 biosynthesis in these cells.

title: Importance of the mitochondrial @entity3 pool in the sensitivity of erythroid cells to @entity10 : role of @entity9 and XXXX .

answer: @entity4