abstract: BACKGROUND: Early @entity1 behaviour is one of the best predictors of adult criminality. AIM: To assess the degree to which family background variables, parental beliefs and behaviour and @entity0 intelligence predict @entity0 @entity1 and adult criminality. METHOD: Data were used from the Colombia County Longitudinal Study, a longitudinal study of 856 @entity0 in third grade in New York, in 1959-60. Adult measures of criminal behaviour, @entity0 measures taken at age eight, @entity0 peer-nominated @entity1 , @entity0 's peer-nominated popularity, @entity0 's IQ and parental measures at eight years were used. RESULTS: Aggressive @entity0 were less intelligent, less popular, rejected more by their parents, had parents who believed in punishment, were less identified with their parents' self-image and were less likely to express guilt. As adults, more @entity1 @entity0 with parents who were less well educated, experienced more marital disharmony and who seldom attended church were most at risk for arrest. However, after the effect of @entity1 was controlled, most effects disappeared and only parents having a strong belief in punishment added significantly to risk of arrest by age 30; the only fact that then reduced the risk of arrest was having parents who attended church often. Both parental authoritarianism and @entity0 IQ reduced the risk of conviction for arrested @entity0 . DISCUSSION: Level of @entity1 at age eight is the best predictor of criminal events over the next 22 years. A clear implication is that the risk for criminality is affected by much that happens to a @entity0 before he is eight years old. Preventive interventions need to target risk factors that appear to influence the development of @entity1 .

title: Childhood predictors of adult criminality: are all risk factors reflected in childhood XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, prevalence and @entity6 risk in @entity0 with known @entity4 2 (non-insulin-dependent) @entity1 mellitus in a Basque Country sentinel practice network study. METHODS: During the year 2000 we did a survey among sentinel practitioners who registered information about previously and newly diagnosed @entity4 2 @entity1 @entity0 older than 24 years of age. We studied 65,651 @entity0 attending a primary care service in the Basque Country Health Service-Osakidetza. We collected information about @entity1 complications and cardiovascular risk factors and measured the @entity6 risk in these @entity0 . RESULTS: In the year 2000, the standardized cumulative incidence and prevalence of known @entity4 2 @entity1 were 5.0 per 1000 (CI 95%: 4.9-5.1) and 4.6% (CI 95%: 4.5-4.7) respectively. Macroangiopathy was the most frequent complication both in the newly diagnosed (21.6%) and previously known @entity4 2 @entity1 @entity0 (33%). Total @entity5 > or =5.17 mmol/l and LDL @entity5 > or =2.58 mmol/l were found in 75% and 90% of newly diagnosed and 65% and 85% of previously diagnosed @entity4 2 @entity1 @entity0 respectively. Of the @entity4 2 @entity1 @entity0 42% were @entity2 and 80% had @entity3 . More than 55% of the @entity0 compared with 44% of the @entity0 with @entity4 2 @entity1 had high or very high risk of @entity6 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: We report new epidemiological data on known @entity4 2 @entity1 in the Basque Country. These @entity0 have a high frequency of cardiovascular risk factors causing a high @entity6 risk.

title: Incidence, prevalence and @entity6 risk level in known XXXX 2 @entity1 : a sentinel practice network study in the Basque Country, Spain.

answer: @entity4


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, prevalence and @entity6 risk in @entity0 with known @entity4 2 (non-insulin-dependent) @entity1 mellitus in a Basque Country sentinel practice network study. METHODS: During the year 2000 we did a survey among sentinel practitioners who registered information about previously and newly diagnosed @entity4 2 @entity1 @entity0 older than 24 years of age. We studied 65,651 @entity0 attending a primary care service in the Basque Country Health Service-Osakidetza. We collected information about @entity1 complications and cardiovascular risk factors and measured the @entity6 risk in these @entity0 . RESULTS: In the year 2000, the standardized cumulative incidence and prevalence of known @entity4 2 @entity1 were 5.0 per 1000 (CI 95%: 4.9-5.1) and 4.6% (CI 95%: 4.5-4.7) respectively. Macroangiopathy was the most frequent complication both in the newly diagnosed (21.6%) and previously known @entity4 2 @entity1 @entity0 (33%). Total @entity5 > or =5.17 mmol/l and LDL @entity5 > or =2.58 mmol/l were found in 75% and 90% of newly diagnosed and 65% and 85% of previously diagnosed @entity4 2 @entity1 @entity0 respectively. Of the @entity4 2 @entity1 @entity0 42% were @entity2 and 80% had @entity3 . More than 55% of the @entity0 compared with 44% of the @entity0 with @entity4 2 @entity1 had high or very high risk of @entity6 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: We report new epidemiological data on known @entity4 2 @entity1 in the Basque Country. These @entity0 have a high frequency of cardiovascular risk factors causing a high @entity6 risk.

title: Incidence, prevalence and @entity6 risk level in known @entity4 2 XXXX : a sentinel practice network study in the Basque Country, Spain.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, prevalence and @entity6 risk in @entity0 with known @entity4 2 (non-insulin-dependent) @entity1 mellitus in a Basque Country sentinel practice network study. METHODS: During the year 2000 we did a survey among sentinel practitioners who registered information about previously and newly diagnosed @entity4 2 @entity1 @entity0 older than 24 years of age. We studied 65,651 @entity0 attending a primary care service in the Basque Country Health Service-Osakidetza. We collected information about @entity1 complications and cardiovascular risk factors and measured the @entity6 risk in these @entity0 . RESULTS: In the year 2000, the standardized cumulative incidence and prevalence of known @entity4 2 @entity1 were 5.0 per 1000 (CI 95%: 4.9-5.1) and 4.6% (CI 95%: 4.5-4.7) respectively. Macroangiopathy was the most frequent complication both in the newly diagnosed (21.6%) and previously known @entity4 2 @entity1 @entity0 (33%). Total @entity5 > or =5.17 mmol/l and LDL @entity5 > or =2.58 mmol/l were found in 75% and 90% of newly diagnosed and 65% and 85% of previously diagnosed @entity4 2 @entity1 @entity0 respectively. Of the @entity4 2 @entity1 @entity0 42% were @entity2 and 80% had @entity3 . More than 55% of the @entity0 compared with 44% of the @entity0 with @entity4 2 @entity1 had high or very high risk of @entity6 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: We report new epidemiological data on known @entity4 2 @entity1 in the Basque Country. These @entity0 have a high frequency of cardiovascular risk factors causing a high @entity6 risk.

title: Incidence, prevalence and XXXX risk level in known @entity4 2 @entity1 : a sentinel practice network study in the Basque Country, Spain.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Lesions of @entity4 were excised from thirty-seven joints in twenty-three adults who had had injuries to the brain. The lesions were excised from twenty-three elbows, twelve hips, and two shoulders. @entity0 were retrospectively divided into five categories according to the neural residua ( @entity1 ). The @entity0 in Class I (minimum cognitive and @entity3 ) and @entity0 in Class II (minimum @entity1 and moderate @entity3 ) who had fair or good selective control of the affected extremity had the best prognosis for maintaining the range of motion resulting from resecting the lesion and improving function postoperatively. They also had a low incidence of recurrence of the lesion. Seven of the nine elbows and eight of the eight hips in @entity0 in these classes had successful results. All three of the @entity0 in Class V (severe @entity1 ) who had a lesion of the hip and all eight of the @entity0 in Class V with poor selective control had a poor result. In the twenty-five joints for which adequate follow-up radiographs were available to determine if the lesion recurred, fourteen recurrences were identified (56 per cent). Eleven of these @entity0 were considered to have a poor result. Nine of the fourteen recurrences occurred in @entity0 in Class V. Radiographic evidence of the maturity of the lesion and a normal level of alkaline phosphatase were of limited importance in predicting a low rate of recurrence. The over-all complications included four superficial @entity2 and no instances of @entity5 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Resection of XXXX in the adult with head trauma.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The mechanisms underpinning @entity0 @entity2 remain elusive. In his 1913 treatise on 'Dynamic Equilibrium in the Heart', Mines proposed that an activation wave front could propagate repeatedly in a circle, initiated by a stimulus in the vulnerable period. While the dynamics of activation and recovery are central to @entity2 , these physiological data are rarely used in clinical mapping. Fibrillation is a rapid irregular rhythm with @entity1 resulting from 2 fundamental mechanisms - sources in preferred cardiac regions or spatially diffuse self-sustaining activity, i.e. with no preferred source. On close inspection, however, this debate may also reflect mapping technique. Fibrillation is initiated from triggers by regional dispersion in repolarization, slow conduction and wavebreak, then sustained by non-uniform interactions of these mechanisms. Notably, optical mapping of action potentials in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) show spiral wave sources (rotors) in nearly all studies including @entity0 , while most traditional electrogram analyses of @entity3 do not. Techniques may diverge in fibrillation because electrograms summate non-coherent waves within an undefined field whereas optical maps define waves with a visually defined field. Also fibrillation operates at the limits of activation and recovery, that are well represented by action potentials while fibrillatory electrograms poorly represent repolarization. We conclude by suggesting areas for study that may be used, until such time as optical mapping is clinically feasible, to improve mechanistic understanding and therapy of @entity0 @entity2 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Mechanistically-based mapping of @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The mechanisms underpinning @entity0 @entity2 remain elusive. In his 1913 treatise on 'Dynamic Equilibrium in the Heart', Mines proposed that an activation wave front could propagate repeatedly in a circle, initiated by a stimulus in the vulnerable period. While the dynamics of activation and recovery are central to @entity2 , these physiological data are rarely used in clinical mapping. Fibrillation is a rapid irregular rhythm with @entity1 resulting from 2 fundamental mechanisms - sources in preferred cardiac regions or spatially diffuse self-sustaining activity, i.e. with no preferred source. On close inspection, however, this debate may also reflect mapping technique. Fibrillation is initiated from triggers by regional dispersion in repolarization, slow conduction and wavebreak, then sustained by non-uniform interactions of these mechanisms. Notably, optical mapping of action potentials in @entity3 ( @entity3 ) show spiral wave sources (rotors) in nearly all studies including @entity0 , while most traditional electrogram analyses of @entity3 do not. Techniques may diverge in fibrillation because electrograms summate non-coherent waves within an undefined field whereas optical maps define waves with a visually defined field. Also fibrillation operates at the limits of activation and recovery, that are well represented by action potentials while fibrillatory electrograms poorly represent repolarization. We conclude by suggesting areas for study that may be used, until such time as optical mapping is clinically feasible, to improve mechanistic understanding and therapy of @entity0 @entity2 . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: Mechanistically-based mapping of XXXX @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Many aspects of clinical management of @entity1 are subject to intense debates. Guidelines show considerable variability in their recommendations, leading to divergent treatment regimes. The most pronounced differences in recommendations exist between guidelines from scientific societies and from @entity0 advocacy groups. Assessment of the methodological quality of these contradictory guideline recommendations can be helpful for healthcare professionals. METHODS: Systematic searches were conducted in MEDLINE and databases of four international and national guideline organizations for guidelines on @entity1 published from 1999-2014. Characteristics (e.g., year of publication, sponsoring organization) and key recommendations were extracted from each guideline. Two independent reviewers assessed the methodological quality of each guideline according to the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool. AGREE II scores from guidelines developed by scientific societies and from @entity0 advocacy groups were compared across domains. RESULTS: We identified eight eligible guidelines of which n   =   6 were developed by scientific societies and n   =   2 by @entity0 advocacy groups. Agreement on AGREE II scores was good (Cohen's weighted kappa   =   0.87, 95  % CI 0.83-0.92). Three guidelines, all from scientific societies, had an overall quality score of   >=    50  %. Two of them were recommended for use according to the AGREE II criteria. Across all guidelines, the AGREE II domain with the highest scores was "Clarity of Presentation" (65, SD 19  %); all other domains had scores   <   50  % with the domain "Applicability" having the lowest scores (4, SD 4  %). Guidelines developed by scientific societies had statistically significantly higher scores regarding clarity of presentation than guidelines from @entity0 advocacy groups (p   =   0.0151). No statistically significant differences were found in other domains. CONCLUSIONS: Current guidelines on @entity1 vary in methodological quality and content. Health care providers and @entity0 need to be aware of this variability in quality when choosing recommendations for their treatment decisions regarding @entity1 . No statement can be given on quality of content and validity of recommendations, as these issues are not subject to assessment with the AGREE II tool and are prone to individual interpretation of the available evidence by the corresponding guideline panels. To enhance guideline quality, guideline panels should put more emphasis on linking recommendations to the available evidence, transparency in reporting how evidence was searched for and evaluated, and the implementation of recommendations into clinical practice.

title: Methodological quality of guidelines for management of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Recruitment to trials evaluating the effectiveness of @entity1 management interventions is challenging. We report our experience of recruitment to the Families for Health study, a randomised controlled trial evaluating the effectiveness of a family-based community programme for @entity0 aged 6-11 years, versus usual care. We evaluated the effectiveness of active recruitment (contacting eligible families directly) versus passive recruitment (informing the community through flyers, public events, media). METHODS: Initial approaches included passive recruitment via the media (newspapers and radio) and two active recruitment methods: National @entity0 Measurement Programme (letters to families with overweight @entity0 ) and referrals from health-care professionals. With slow initial recruitment, further strategies were employed, including active (e.g. targeted letters from general practices) and passive (e.g. flyers, posters and public events) methods. At first enquiry from a potential @entity0 , families were asked where they heard about the study. Further quantitative (questionnaire) and qualitative data (one-to-one interviews with parents/carers), were collected from recruited families at baseline and 3-month follow-up and included questions about recruitment. RESULTS: In total, 194 families enquired about Families for Health, and 115 (59.3  %) were recruited and randomised. Active recruitment yielded 85 enquiries, with 43 families recruited (50.6  %); passive recruitment yielded 99 enquiries with 72 families recruited (72.7  %). Information seen at schools or GP surgeries accounted for over a quarter of enquiries (28.4  %) and over a third (37.4  %) of final recruitment. Eight out of ten families who enquired this way were recruited. Media-led enquiries were low (5  %), but all were recruited. @entity0 of families recruited actively were more likely to be Asian or mixed race. Despite extensive recruitment methods, the trial did not recruit as planned, and was awarded a no-cost extension to complete the 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The higher number of @entity0 recruited through passive methods may be due to the large number of potential @entity0 these methods reached and because @entity0 may see the information more than once. Recruiting to a @entity0 @entity1 treatment study is complex and it is advisable to use multiple recruitment strategies, some aiming at blanket coverage and some targeted at families with @entity0 who are overweight. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN45032201 (Date: 18 August 2011).

title: Evaluation of recruitment methods for a trial targeting XXXX : Families for Health randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The success of IVF has led to the adaptation of IVF sperm processing methods for WIUI. When WIUI is used for treating oligoasthenospermia, there is a theoretical advantage because an isolated population of only the most motile, capacitated sperm are placed directly into the wife's uterus. The cervix and its mucus are bypassed, which may provide a mechanical or biochemical advantage for semen from subfertile males. @entity5 (and prostaglandins contained therein) prevents the @entity1 uterine contractions that can occur when raw semen is placed directly into the uterine cavity. The disadvantages of WIUI are related to its expense, problems with precise timing of ovulation, and the frustration that can occur when inseminating personnel are not available whenever ovulation occurs on weekends or holidays. Only truly committed couples who will try WIUI for multiple cycles should be selected for this method of @entity2 treatment. Although @entity3 currently is one of the main indications for WIUI, the widely variable pregnancy rates reported with WIUI leave some doubt regarding its ultimate role in the treatment of this condition. Our own preliminary results with WIUI for treatment of asthenospermia, oligoasthenospermia, and "cervical factor" @entity2 are encouraging, although the numbers of @entity0 are small. We anticipate that with further refinement of methods of sperm processing and with the newer improved methods of home monitoring of ovulation, these results may improve. Factors that determine pregnancy rates of WIUI for the treatment of oligoasthenospermia are numerous. The degree of @entity4 and/or asthenospermia, the cooperation and persistence of the couple through the required cycles of WIUI (drop-out rate), the method and meticulousness of sperm processing, the accuracy of monitoring ovulation, the availability of insemination personnel whenever ovulation occurs (even on weekends and holidays), and possibly the duration of @entity2 will all play a role in the ultimate success of WIUI programs. Couples selecting WIUI must be aware that it does not now offer a high pregnancy rate when used for treatment of @entity3 . The apparent increased pregnancy rate of WIUI compared with other methods of AIH may have resulted from modern methods of monitoring ovulation. Studies have not yet been performed to show whether comparable pregnancy rates would be obtained if similar methods of monitoring ovulation were used with cervicovaginal methods of AIH. We believe the only clear indication for WIUI now is an abnormal sperm-cervical mucus interaction.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: Sperm processing and intrauterine insemination for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 -bearing animals provided with intravenous @entity4 and @entity5 ( @entity6 ) exhibit enhanced response to S-phase-specific chemotherapeutic agents (H. M. Reynolds, J. M. Daly, B. Rowlands, S. J. Dudrick, and E. M. Copeland. Cancer 45: 3069, 1980; M. H. Torosian, J. L. Mullen, E. E. Miller, et al. J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr. 7: 337, 1983). To determine the mechanism of this response, DNA synthesis rate during starvation or a 48-hr infusion of @entity4 / @entity5 ( @entity3 /AA) was evaluated in @entity0 , liver, and terminal ileal cells of 68 @entity1 . @entity0 cells exhibited a rapid increase in DNA synthesis following the initiation of an infusion of @entity3 /AA. This increase was most marked after 2 hr of infusion and returned to control levels within 24 hr. Liver DNA synthesis rate increased in both starved and @entity3 /AA animals over 48 hr with a larger increase in animals receiving @entity3 /AA. Ileal DNA synthesis decreased equally in both groups. Short pulse @entity3 /AA produced transient increases in @entity0 DNA synthesis. Changes in host tissues occurred but followed a different temporal sequence. This may indicate the existence of a period of time following initiation of metabolic manipulation when @entity0 susceptibility to phase-specific chemotherapeutic agents will be enhanced while host tissues will be spared from increased @entity2 .

title: The effects of XXXX and @entity5 on @entity0 and host DNA synthesis.

answer: @entity4


abstract: @entity0 -bearing animals provided with intravenous @entity4 and @entity5 ( @entity6 ) exhibit enhanced response to S-phase-specific chemotherapeutic agents (H. M. Reynolds, J. M. Daly, B. Rowlands, S. J. Dudrick, and E. M. Copeland. Cancer 45: 3069, 1980; M. H. Torosian, J. L. Mullen, E. E. Miller, et al. J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr. 7: 337, 1983). To determine the mechanism of this response, DNA synthesis rate during starvation or a 48-hr infusion of @entity4 / @entity5 ( @entity3 /AA) was evaluated in @entity0 , liver, and terminal ileal cells of 68 @entity1 . @entity0 cells exhibited a rapid increase in DNA synthesis following the initiation of an infusion of @entity3 /AA. This increase was most marked after 2 hr of infusion and returned to control levels within 24 hr. Liver DNA synthesis rate increased in both starved and @entity3 /AA animals over 48 hr with a larger increase in animals receiving @entity3 /AA. Ileal DNA synthesis decreased equally in both groups. Short pulse @entity3 /AA produced transient increases in @entity0 DNA synthesis. Changes in host tissues occurred but followed a different temporal sequence. This may indicate the existence of a period of time following initiation of metabolic manipulation when @entity0 susceptibility to phase-specific chemotherapeutic agents will be enhanced while host tissues will be spared from increased @entity2 .

title: The effects of @entity4 and XXXX on @entity0 and host DNA synthesis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity0 -bearing animals provided with intravenous @entity4 and @entity5 ( @entity6 ) exhibit enhanced response to S-phase-specific chemotherapeutic agents (H. M. Reynolds, J. M. Daly, B. Rowlands, S. J. Dudrick, and E. M. Copeland. Cancer 45: 3069, 1980; M. H. Torosian, J. L. Mullen, E. E. Miller, et al. J. Parenter. Enteral Nutr. 7: 337, 1983). To determine the mechanism of this response, DNA synthesis rate during starvation or a 48-hr infusion of @entity4 / @entity5 ( @entity3 /AA) was evaluated in @entity0 , liver, and terminal ileal cells of 68 @entity1 . @entity0 cells exhibited a rapid increase in DNA synthesis following the initiation of an infusion of @entity3 /AA. This increase was most marked after 2 hr of infusion and returned to control levels within 24 hr. Liver DNA synthesis rate increased in both starved and @entity3 /AA animals over 48 hr with a larger increase in animals receiving @entity3 /AA. Ileal DNA synthesis decreased equally in both groups. Short pulse @entity3 /AA produced transient increases in @entity0 DNA synthesis. Changes in host tissues occurred but followed a different temporal sequence. This may indicate the existence of a period of time following initiation of metabolic manipulation when @entity0 susceptibility to phase-specific chemotherapeutic agents will be enhanced while host tissues will be spared from increased @entity2 .

title: The effects of @entity4 and @entity5 on XXXX and host DNA synthesis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We performed a study to determine if the measurement of expired PCO2 during CPR for @entity1 could be used as a prognostic indicator of successful resuscitation. Twelve mongrel @entity0 were fibrillated electrically, and external chest massage and assisted ventilation were applied for 15 minutes. Expired PCO2 and aortic and right atrial pressures were monitored each minute of arrest. Coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) was calculated by subtracting the right atrial from the aortic diastolic pressure. Half the @entity0 received high-force chest compression (80 lb) and half received low-force chest compression (40 lb). The six @entity0 that received high-force compression were resuscitated successfully. The expired PCO2 was significantly higher in the successfully resuscitated @entity0 (expired PCO2 = 9.6 +/- 3.2 mm Hg) when compared to those @entity0 that died (expired PCO2 = 3.2 +/- 1.1 mm Hg, P less than .01). Expired PCO2 was highly correlated (r = 0.91, P less than .01) with the CPPs. The measurement of expired PCO2 during attempted CPR may be useful as a noninvasive indicator of CPP and adequate technique. Further studies on the use of this technique as an assessment criterion are warranted.

title: Expired PCO2 as a prognostic indicator of successful resuscitation from XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) can remove early stage @entity1 of various sizes en bloc; however, success requires reducing the relatively high postprocedure @entity2 rate. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel, fully synthetic, and self-assembled peptide solution that functions as an extracellular matrix scaffold material to facilitate reconstruction of normal tissues in ESD-induced @entity4 . METHODS: Consecutive @entity0 who underwent gastric ESD were prospectively enrolled. Immediately after the resection, the solution was applied to the site with a catheter. @entity5 were evaluated by endoscopy and classified as active, healing, or @entity6 stages at weeks 1, 4, and 8 after ESD. RESULTS: Forty-seven @entity0 with 53 lesions, including 14 (29.8%) previously on antithrombotic therapy and 2 (4.3%) requiring @entity7 bridge therapy, were analyzed; 2 @entity0 were excluded, 1 with perforations and 1 with persistent @entity3 . The mean size of the en bloc resected specimens was 36.5    11.3  mm. The rate of post-ESD @entity2 was 2.0% (1/51; 95% CI, 0.03-10.3). Transitional rate to the healing stage of ESD-induced @entity4 at week 1 was 96% (49/51). Subsequent endoscopies demonstrated the @entity6 stage in 19% (9/48) and 98% (41/42) at weeks 4 and 8, respectively. No adverse effects related to this solution occurred. CONCLUSIONS: The use of this novel peptide solution may potentially aid in reducing the delayed @entity2 rate by promoting mucosal regeneration and speed of @entity4 after large endoscopic resections in the stomach. Further studies, particularly randomized controlled studies, are needed to fully evaluate its efficacy. (Clinical trial registration number: 000011548.).

title: A novel fully synthetic and self-assembled peptide solution for endoscopic submucosal dissection-induced XXXX in the stomach.

answer: @entity4


abstract: 26 cases of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) were treated by combined surgery: mitral valve replacement (MVR) and coronary bypass grafting (CBG). This type of operation is not common (1.3 p. 100 of all operations) and is usually reserved for @entity0 (21 cases) of middle age (average 59 years). A half of the cases had suffered previous @entity6 ( @entity6 ), an average 5 months before surgery (range 20 days to 2 years). The other half had severe @entity7 or ECG changes of @entity2 . 23 @entity0 were in Class IV (15 @entity0 ) or Class III (8 @entity0 ) of the NYHA classification. 6 of the cases required intraaortic balloon pumping. @entity3 was severe () in half of the cases with a raised pulmonary capillary (mean V wave = 52 mmHg) and @entity5 (mean = 47 mmHg: exceeding 60 mmHg in 7 cases). The coronary lesions were severe in 18 @entity0 (12 cases of double and 6 of @entity1 including 2 cases of left main stem stenosis). @entity4 were found in 11 cases and @entity8 in 4 cases. Surgery comprised MVR with 12 bioprostheses and 14 mechanical prostheses. 33 CBG were performed (anterior wall: 15 cases, posterior wall: 11 cases). In addition, one tricuspid annuloplasty and 3 ventricular aneurysmectomies were carried out. The hospital mortality was 15.4 p. 100. The main causes of morbidity were low output states and postoperative @entity6 (2 cases).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Valve replacement associated with aorto-coronary bypass in XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity6 are found in a considerably high percentage of cases of @entity8 , in particular @entity7 . We report a case of the @entity10 and review the literature. A 36-year-old @entity0 , a factory hand, presented with @entity3 . He was safely delivered at term as a fourth @entity0 when his father was 41 years old and his mother 38. He had no delinquent or criminal record. His height was 179 cm, weight 75 kg and distance of extended hands 184 cm. No @entity2 was noticed. Both testes were 8ml in size and growth of pubic hair and penis were normal. Severe @entity9 was identified in semen analysis. Seminal vesiculography showed pathological dilatation of the seminal vas end. The testicular biopsy specimens revealed @entity5 for the most part. Chromosomal analysis showed 47, @entity10 karyotype; and, two Y-chromatin was revealed in cultured lymphocytes. Though plasma gonadotropin levels were high, @entity4 , @entity1 , prolactin, TSH, GH, T3 and T4 levels were within normal limits. Pituitary reserve function for secreting gonadotropins and Leydig cell reserve function to secrete @entity4 have been found to be almost normal.

title: [ XXXX with @entity6 ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: @entity6 are found in a considerably high percentage of cases of @entity8 , in particular @entity7 . We report a case of the @entity10 and review the literature. A 36-year-old @entity0 , a factory hand, presented with @entity3 . He was safely delivered at term as a fourth @entity0 when his father was 41 years old and his mother 38. He had no delinquent or criminal record. His height was 179 cm, weight 75 kg and distance of extended hands 184 cm. No @entity2 was noticed. Both testes were 8ml in size and growth of pubic hair and penis were normal. Severe @entity9 was identified in semen analysis. Seminal vesiculography showed pathological dilatation of the seminal vas end. The testicular biopsy specimens revealed @entity5 for the most part. Chromosomal analysis showed 47, @entity10 karyotype; and, two Y-chromatin was revealed in cultured lymphocytes. Though plasma gonadotropin levels were high, @entity4 , @entity1 , prolactin, TSH, GH, T3 and T4 levels were within normal limits. Pituitary reserve function for secreting gonadotropins and Leydig cell reserve function to secrete @entity4 have been found to be almost normal.

title: [ @entity8 with XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: Eighteen @entity0 received repeated administrations of @entity5 in relatively large amounts (55-75-100 mg/m2) given systemically by drop infusion. As antiemetic treatments, the following were scheduled: on the day before; @entity4 30mg (3 X p.o.), immediately before; @entity6 500mg (i.v.), and 3 hours after administration of @entity5 ; @entity6 500mg (i.v.) and @entity7 60 mg (suppo.). @entity7 was given twice a day for one week. @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity3 were studied objectively for two weeks. At a dose of 75 mg/m2 of @entity5 , the occurrence and the duration of @entity1 and @entity2 were effectively reduced by the regimen; @entity1 was observed in 67% of all cases (average duration: 3.3 days) and @entity2 was experienced in 40% (1.2 days). @entity3 was observed in 67% of cases and lasted longer (5.2 days). The severity and duration of these side effects of @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity3 seemed to appear in a manner related to the dose of @entity5 given, but even at a dose of 100 mg/m2, the regimen described above reduced the @entity0 ' discomfort to acceptable levels. No remarkable side effect of this anti-emetic regimen was evident.

title: [Effect of combined use of adrenocortical hormones and @entity7 as anti-emetics during XXXX therapy].

answer: @entity5


abstract: Eighteen @entity0 received repeated administrations of @entity5 in relatively large amounts (55-75-100 mg/m2) given systemically by drop infusion. As antiemetic treatments, the following were scheduled: on the day before; @entity4 30mg (3 X p.o.), immediately before; @entity6 500mg (i.v.), and 3 hours after administration of @entity5 ; @entity6 500mg (i.v.) and @entity7 60 mg (suppo.). @entity7 was given twice a day for one week. @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity3 were studied objectively for two weeks. At a dose of 75 mg/m2 of @entity5 , the occurrence and the duration of @entity1 and @entity2 were effectively reduced by the regimen; @entity1 was observed in 67% of all cases (average duration: 3.3 days) and @entity2 was experienced in 40% (1.2 days). @entity3 was observed in 67% of cases and lasted longer (5.2 days). The severity and duration of these side effects of @entity1 , @entity2 and @entity3 seemed to appear in a manner related to the dose of @entity5 given, but even at a dose of 100 mg/m2, the regimen described above reduced the @entity0 ' discomfort to acceptable levels. No remarkable side effect of this anti-emetic regimen was evident.

title: [Effect of combined use of adrenocortical hormones and XXXX as anti-emetics during @entity5 therapy].

answer: @entity7


abstract: To define the pathophysiology of @entity4 associated with @entity12 formation, we developed an experimental model. Spinal epidural abscesses were produced in @entity2 by injecting @entity6 into the posterior thoracolumbar epidural space under direct vision. Progressive @entity1 were detected in 18 of 20 animals; severe @entity11 or @entity3 occurred in 75%, and @entity9 occurred in 55%. Clinical data, including the results of plain spine roentgenography, myelography, and biochemical and bacteriological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid, were recorded. Epidural abscesses with varying degrees of @entity10 were confirmed pathologically in 95% of the experimental group. Spinal cord white matter changes included vacuolization, loss of myelin, and @entity0 . The gray matter of the spinal cords was relatively preserved. There was no microscopic evidence of @entity5 or @entity8 in the major blood vessels supplying the spinal cords. Histopathological changes detected in the spinal cords were more consistent with direct compression of neural tissue than with @entity7 . The progressive clinical course and the histopathological changes in the spinal cord after compression by abscess closely resembled those of experimental compression of the spinal cord by @entity13 .

title: XXXX : a pathophysiological model in the @entity2 .

answer: @entity12


abstract: To define the pathophysiology of @entity4 associated with @entity12 formation, we developed an experimental model. Spinal epidural abscesses were produced in @entity2 by injecting @entity6 into the posterior thoracolumbar epidural space under direct vision. Progressive @entity1 were detected in 18 of 20 animals; severe @entity11 or @entity3 occurred in 75%, and @entity9 occurred in 55%. Clinical data, including the results of plain spine roentgenography, myelography, and biochemical and bacteriological examination of the cerebrospinal fluid, were recorded. Epidural abscesses with varying degrees of @entity10 were confirmed pathologically in 95% of the experimental group. Spinal cord white matter changes included vacuolization, loss of myelin, and @entity0 . The gray matter of the spinal cords was relatively preserved. There was no microscopic evidence of @entity5 or @entity8 in the major blood vessels supplying the spinal cords. Histopathological changes detected in the spinal cords were more consistent with direct compression of neural tissue than with @entity7 . The progressive clinical course and the histopathological changes in the spinal cord after compression by abscess closely resembled those of experimental compression of the spinal cord by @entity13 .

title: @entity12 : a pathophysiological model in the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Primary culture of @entity0 colonic biopsies converts the single cell thick epithelial layer from a highly indented sheet in vivo into a flat patch on the surface of a Petri dish. Migration of cells from biopsies in a continuous sheet to form the patch cultures allows the cultured cells in large part to retain the junctional complexes and membrane interdigitations which connect adjacent cells in vivo and therefore to maintain their spatial relationships to neighboring cells. Migration of the cells onto a flat surface also allows visualization of their actin cables (E. Friedman, M. Verderame, S. Winawer, and R. @entity6 , @entity1 Res., 44: 3040-3050, 1984). Actin organization patterns have been studied in primary patch cultures of colonic epithelial cells from four stages in the development of @entity4 : normal tissue, normal-appearing but preneoplastic cells characteristic of @entity5 @entity0 , @entity1 or @entity3 from @entity5 @entity0 , and benign and @entity1 from @entity0 in the general population. @entity2 exhibited the least number of actin cables, while @entity3 contained the greatest concentration. Similar actin patterns were seen in both @entity5 and nonpolyposis @entity3 . The preneoplastic @entity1 stage characteristic of @entity5 @entity0 had less actin cables than either normal cells or @entity1 cells. Thus actin organization loss characterized the transition from the normal colonic epithelial cell to the preneoplastic nontumor cell. The ability to form actin cables was then regained with the transition from the preneoplastic pretumor cell to the @entity1 cell and lost again with the @entity1 to @entity1 . The complexity of these changes in actin organization during the step-wise transformation of colonic epithelial cells was not predicted from the simple model of actin cable loss accompanying fibroblast transformation.

title: Altered actin cytoskeletal patterns in two premalignant stages in @entity0 XXXX development.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Primary culture of @entity0 colonic biopsies converts the single cell thick epithelial layer from a highly indented sheet in vivo into a flat patch on the surface of a Petri dish. Migration of cells from biopsies in a continuous sheet to form the patch cultures allows the cultured cells in large part to retain the junctional complexes and membrane interdigitations which connect adjacent cells in vivo and therefore to maintain their spatial relationships to neighboring cells. Migration of the cells onto a flat surface also allows visualization of their actin cables (E. Friedman, M. Verderame, S. Winawer, and R. @entity6 , @entity1 Res., 44: 3040-3050, 1984). Actin organization patterns have been studied in primary patch cultures of colonic epithelial cells from four stages in the development of @entity4 : normal tissue, normal-appearing but preneoplastic cells characteristic of @entity5 @entity0 , @entity1 or @entity3 from @entity5 @entity0 , and benign and @entity1 from @entity0 in the general population. @entity2 exhibited the least number of actin cables, while @entity3 contained the greatest concentration. Similar actin patterns were seen in both @entity5 and nonpolyposis @entity3 . The preneoplastic @entity1 stage characteristic of @entity5 @entity0 had less actin cables than either normal cells or @entity1 cells. Thus actin organization loss characterized the transition from the normal colonic epithelial cell to the preneoplastic nontumor cell. The ability to form actin cables was then regained with the transition from the preneoplastic pretumor cell to the @entity1 cell and lost again with the @entity1 to @entity1 . The complexity of these changes in actin organization during the step-wise transformation of colonic epithelial cells was not predicted from the simple model of actin cable loss accompanying fibroblast transformation.

title: Altered actin cytoskeletal patterns in two premalignant stages in XXXX @entity4 development.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In normal volunteers, serum free @entity3 (FT3) concentrations determined by Immophase FT3 RIA kit, Amerlex FT3 RIA kit and equilibrium dialysis methods (absolute FT3, AFT3: product of total T3 and percent FT3) were 4.03 +/- 0.65, 3.69 +/- 0.58 and 3.22 +/- 0.65 pg/ml (mean +/- S.D.), respectively. The normal free @entity3 index (FT3I) was 38.4 +/- 6.5. In @entity0 with @entity2 , the FT3 values measured by these methods were clearly abnormal. In @entity0 with decreased thyroxine binding-globulin, the mean FT3 concentrations determined by these methods were not significantly different from the normal. However, the mean FT3I was significantly lower than normal. In pregnant @entity0 at delivery, Amerlex FT3 values were subnormal in 7 of 9 subjects. All of these samples except one were within the normal range when evaluated by Immophase FT3 and AFT3, although their mean values were significantly lower than the mean of normal. On the other hand, the mean FT3I was not significantly different from the mean of normal. The correlations between FT3 were all statistically significant. In a clinically euthyroid @entity0 who had @entity4 and who was shown to have anti-T3 antibody in her serum, Immophase FT3 and Amerlex FT3 values were above the high standards. However, AFT3, calculated by multiplying total T3 (determined after @entity1 extraction) by percent FT3 was normal. In conclusion, the evaluation of FT3 by these radioimmunoassay methods proved clinically useful, when appropriate limitations are considered.

title: Determination of free XXXX in serum: comparison of radioimmunoassay with equilibrium dialysis method.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The reported studies on the development of tolerance to the analgesic effects of stress have been mostly concerned with the involvement of opioid or non-opioid substances in stress-induced @entity3 (SIA). To further investigate the processes involved in SIA tolerance, @entity0 were exposed to forced @entity5 ( @entity5 , 18 exposures, 3/min, 10 sec each) on 16 consecutive days. On days 15 and 16, they were injected prior to swim with saline and @entity2 (10 mg/kg), respectively. During swim, three types of readily identifiable behaviors were observed. They may be characterized by immobility and horizontal floating (Type I), intensive activity and escape attempts (Type II), and passivity and "behavioral despair" (Type III). In the acute condition, only Type II and Type III appear in sequence. In the chronic condition, the sequence of behaviors is: Type I, Type II, and Type III. Thirty minutes after swim, @entity3 , core temperature, and degree of inactivity were measured. With chronic exposure, tolerance developed to the @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity1 induced by the @entity5 . Type I behavior appeared on day 3 or 4 and persisted throughout the chronic treatment. Type II behavior did not adapt. @entity2 (10 mg/kg) antagonized the adaptive aspect of all those variables where adaptation or tolerance were found ( @entity3 , @entity1 , @entity4 , and Type I behavior) but had no effect on Type II behavior where no adaptation was observed. It is suggested that the endorphins have a functional role in the behavioral and and physiological adaptation to aversive stressful environmental situations.

title: XXXX antagonizes the biobehavioral adaptation to cold water stress in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The reported studies on the development of tolerance to the analgesic effects of stress have been mostly concerned with the involvement of opioid or non-opioid substances in stress-induced @entity3 (SIA). To further investigate the processes involved in SIA tolerance, @entity0 were exposed to forced @entity5 ( @entity5 , 18 exposures, 3/min, 10 sec each) on 16 consecutive days. On days 15 and 16, they were injected prior to swim with saline and @entity2 (10 mg/kg), respectively. During swim, three types of readily identifiable behaviors were observed. They may be characterized by immobility and horizontal floating (Type I), intensive activity and escape attempts (Type II), and passivity and "behavioral despair" (Type III). In the acute condition, only Type II and Type III appear in sequence. In the chronic condition, the sequence of behaviors is: Type I, Type II, and Type III. Thirty minutes after swim, @entity3 , core temperature, and degree of inactivity were measured. With chronic exposure, tolerance developed to the @entity3 , @entity4 and @entity1 induced by the @entity5 . Type I behavior appeared on day 3 or 4 and persisted throughout the chronic treatment. Type II behavior did not adapt. @entity2 (10 mg/kg) antagonized the adaptive aspect of all those variables where adaptation or tolerance were found ( @entity3 , @entity1 , @entity4 , and Type I behavior) but had no effect on Type II behavior where no adaptation was observed. It is suggested that the endorphins have a functional role in the behavioral and and physiological adaptation to aversive stressful environmental situations.

title: @entity2 antagonizes the biobehavioral adaptation to cold water stress in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In assessing and assimilating the neurodevelopmental basis of the so-called @entity6 it is probably useful to establish certain concepts that will modulate both the variation and selection of affliction, mechanisms-processes and diversity of disease states. Both genetic, developmental and @entity2 are to be encompassed within such an approach, as well as all deviations from the necessary components of behaviour that are generally understood to incorporate "normal" functioning. In the present treatise, both conditions of @entity14 /hypoactivity, @entity8 and @entity13 together with a constellation of other symptoms and @entity7 are considered in conjunction with the neuropharmacological and brain morphological alterations that may or may not accompany them, e.g. following neonatal denervation. As a case in point, the neuroanatomical and neurochemical points of interaction in @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are examined with reference to both the perinatal metallic and organic environment and genetic backgrounds. The role of apoptosis, as opposed to @entity0 , in cell death during brain development necessitates careful considerations of the current explosion of evidence for brain nerve growth factors, neurotrophins and cytokines, and the processes regulating their appearance, release and fate. Some of these processes may possess putative inherited characteristics, like @entity15 , others may to greater or lesser extents be endogenous or semi-endogenous (in food), like the @entity16 , others exogenous until inhaled or injested through environmental accident, like heavy metals, e.g. @entity5 . Another central concept of neurodevelopment is cellular plasticity, thereby underlining the essential involvement of @entity11 systems and @entity9 receptor configurations. Finally, an essential assimilation of brain development in disease must delineate the relative merits of inherited as opposed to environmental risks not only for the commonly-regarded @entity6 , like @entity3 , @entity10 and @entity4 , but also for afflictions bearing strong elements of psychosocial tragedy, like @entity1 , @entity12 and Savantism.

title: Brain sites of XXXX : genetic and environmental agents in neurodevelopmental perturbations.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of @entity2 and prevention of @entity5 on the incidence of @entity4 2 @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined @entity0 in the San Antonio Heart Study, a prospective population-based study of Mexican Americans and @entity3 residing in San Antonio, Texas. BMI was stratified into four categories: normal (<25 kg/m(2)), overweight (> or =25 kg/m(2) and <30 kg/m(2)), @entity2 (> or =30 kg/m(2) and <35 kg/m(2)), and @entity2 (> or =35 kg/m(2)). The number and proportion of incident cases prevented by targeting each BMI category were estimated. In addition, we calculated the decrease in risk of developing @entity4 2 @entity1 associated with @entity5 prevention across both the BMI and age spectra. RESULTS: Preventing normal individuals from becoming overweight would result in the greatest reduction in incidence of @entity4 2 @entity1 . This would result in a 62 and 74% reduction in the incidence of @entity4 2 @entity1 in Mexican Americans and @entity3 , respectively. Preventing the entire population from gaining, on average, 1 BMI unit would result in a reduction in incidence of @entity6 .4 and 13.0% in Mexican Americans and @entity3 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of cases of @entity4 2 @entity1 were in individuals who were overweight or mildly @entity2 with a family history of @entity4 2 @entity1 . Public health resources should be directed toward the prevention of @entity5 among normal and overweight individuals in order to prevent the maximum number of cases of @entity4 2 @entity1 .

title: A population perspective on @entity1 prevention: whom should we target for preventing XXXX ?

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To examine the influence of @entity2 and prevention of @entity5 on the incidence of @entity4 2 @entity1 . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We examined @entity0 in the San Antonio Heart Study, a prospective population-based study of Mexican Americans and @entity3 residing in San Antonio, Texas. BMI was stratified into four categories: normal (<25 kg/m(2)), overweight (> or =25 kg/m(2) and <30 kg/m(2)), @entity2 (> or =30 kg/m(2) and <35 kg/m(2)), and @entity2 (> or =35 kg/m(2)). The number and proportion of incident cases prevented by targeting each BMI category were estimated. In addition, we calculated the decrease in risk of developing @entity4 2 @entity1 associated with @entity5 prevention across both the BMI and age spectra. RESULTS: Preventing normal individuals from becoming overweight would result in the greatest reduction in incidence of @entity4 2 @entity1 . This would result in a 62 and 74% reduction in the incidence of @entity4 2 @entity1 in Mexican Americans and @entity3 , respectively. Preventing the entire population from gaining, on average, 1 BMI unit would result in a reduction in incidence of @entity6 .4 and 13.0% in Mexican Americans and @entity3 , respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of cases of @entity4 2 @entity1 were in individuals who were overweight or mildly @entity2 with a family history of @entity4 2 @entity1 . Public health resources should be directed toward the prevention of @entity5 among normal and overweight individuals in order to prevent the maximum number of cases of @entity4 2 @entity1 .

title: A population perspective on XXXX prevention: whom should we target for preventing @entity5 ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: Unilateral focal cold blocks (20 degrees C) in structures located ventrolaterally in rostral medulla consistently caused apnoea or deep @entity0 of @entity3 . The inhibitory effect could be correlated with the cooling temperature. Apnoeic response occurred either with complete absence of any inspiratory activity or combined with low level tonic inspiratory motor activity ('tonic apnoea'). The appearance of apnoea was @entity1 -independent, whereas the tonic component of the latter increased with increasing levels of PCO2. The results suggest that the structures in the deep, ventro-lateral aspect of rostral medulla, from which apnoea can be induced, correspond partly to the nucleus paragigantocellularis lateralis (nPGL) and the nucleus preolivaris. These structures appear to be relevant for the drive inputs necessary for respiratory rhythmogenesis. Unilateral focal cooling in the rostral medulla, including the 'B  tzinger Complex', caused increments in respiratory rate both in vagotomized and non-vagotomized animals. The increase in respiratory rate in response to cooling in the region of the 'B  tzinger Complex' was combined with either an enhancement or some @entity4 . This area in the rostral part of the ventral respiratory group (VRG) seems not to be crucial for respiratory rhythmogenesis, but to play a role in determining both the intensity and timing of the respiratory activity. All effects of unilateral @entity2 were bilaterally symmetrical.

title: Effects of graded focal XXXX in rostral areas of the medulla.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The recurrent mossy fiber pathway of the dentate gyrus expands dramatically in @entity0 @entity5 and in animal models of this disorder, creating monosynaptic connections among granule cells. This novel granule cell network can support reverberating excitation but is difficult to activate with low-frequency stimulation. This study used hippocampal slices from @entity6 -treated @entity1 to explore the dependence of synaptic transmission in this pathway on stimulus frequency. Minimal electrically evoked EPSCs exhibited a high failure rate ( approximately 60%). Stimulus trains delivered at a frequency of <1 Hz depressed synaptic transmission, as evidenced by an increase in response failures. Conversely, stimulus trains delivered at higher frequencies reduced the percentage of response failures and increased the amplitude of compound EPSCs, including pharmacologically isolated @entity2 receptor-mediated EPSCs. Short-term frequency-dependent facilitation was of modest size compared with mossy fiber synapses on other neuronal types. Facilitation depended on the activation of @entity8 receptors by released @entity7 and was inhibited by feedback activation of type II metabotropic @entity7 receptors. These results suggest that the recurrent mossy fiber pathway may be functionally silent during baseline asynchronous granule cell activity in vivo attributable, in part, to progressive transmission failure. The pathway may synchronize granule cell firing and may promote @entity4 propagation most effectively during the brief periods of high-frequency granule cell firing that occur during normal behavior, during the periods of hypersynchronous fast activity characteristic of @entity3 brain and, most importantly, during the period of increasing granule cell activity that precedes a spontaneous @entity4 .

title: Short-term frequency-dependent plasticity at recurrent mossy fiber synapses of the XXXX brain.

answer: @entity3


abstract: An autopsy case of @entity4 is reported. There are four family members with similar symptomatology through three generations. A 36-year-old @entity0 developed atactic gait at the age of 22 years, with following @entity5 , scanning speech, @entity7 , @entity6 , dysdiadochokinesia, @entity2 and mild @entity1 . The clinical course was steadily progressive and terminated about 14 years after the onset. The gross examination showed smallness of the brain stem and spinal cord with marked symmetrical atrophy of the anterior and lateral columns, especially at thoracic level. Histologically, pronounced degeneration was found in the anterior and posterior spino-cerebellar tracts, spino-thalamic tracts, and spinal ganglia. The olivary nuclei, pons and cerebellum were spared. The dentate nuclei showed considerable loss of neurons with degeneration, however there were no clinical signs related to this pathology. This case is considered to fall in the group of @entity4 according to Greenfield's classification, however, there was no report on degeneration of the dentate nucleus in this disease for the present. Hereditary @entity8 is @entity3 and only four cases have well been documented in our country to the best of our knowledge. The presence of @entity2 , and sparing of the posterior column of the spinal cord seems to be common clinico-pathology in Japanese cases, differing from those of foreign cases. The fact that reactive astrogliosis was immunohistochemistry demonstrated in the degenerative regions of the spinal cord and where is no discrepancy between degenerative and reparative processes as reported before is stressed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [An autopsy case of @entity4 ( XXXX )].

answer: @entity4


abstract: An autopsy case of @entity4 is reported. There are four family members with similar symptomatology through three generations. A 36-year-old @entity0 developed atactic gait at the age of 22 years, with following @entity5 , scanning speech, @entity7 , @entity6 , dysdiadochokinesia, @entity2 and mild @entity1 . The clinical course was steadily progressive and terminated about 14 years after the onset. The gross examination showed smallness of the brain stem and spinal cord with marked symmetrical atrophy of the anterior and lateral columns, especially at thoracic level. Histologically, pronounced degeneration was found in the anterior and posterior spino-cerebellar tracts, spino-thalamic tracts, and spinal ganglia. The olivary nuclei, pons and cerebellum were spared. The dentate nuclei showed considerable loss of neurons with degeneration, however there were no clinical signs related to this pathology. This case is considered to fall in the group of @entity4 according to Greenfield's classification, however, there was no report on degeneration of the dentate nucleus in this disease for the present. Hereditary @entity8 is @entity3 and only four cases have well been documented in our country to the best of our knowledge. The presence of @entity2 , and sparing of the posterior column of the spinal cord seems to be common clinico-pathology in Japanese cases, differing from those of foreign cases. The fact that reactive astrogliosis was immunohistochemistry demonstrated in the degenerative regions of the spinal cord and where is no discrepancy between degenerative and reparative processes as reported before is stressed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [An autopsy case of XXXX ( @entity4 )].

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine pre- and intraoperative risk factors for the development of @entity3 among @entity0 undergoing aortic, carotid, and peripheral vascular surgery to predict the risk for @entity3 . SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Although @entity3 after vascular surgery is a frequent complication and is associated with the need for more inpatient hospital care and longer length of hospital stay, little is known about risk factors for @entity5 in @entity0 undergoing vascular surgery. METHODS: Pre-, intra-, and postoperative data were prospectively collected, including the first 7 postoperative days with daily follow-up by a surgeon and a psychiatrist of 153 @entity0 undergoing elective vascular surgery. @entity5 (Diagnostic and statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV) was diagnosed by the psychiatrist. Multivariate linear logistic regression and a cross validation analysis were performed to find a set of parameters to predict @entity3 . RESULTS: Sixty @entity0 (39.2%) developed @entity3 . The best set of predictors included the absence of @entity4 and hypercholesterinemia, history of a major amputation, age over 65 years, a body size of less than 170 cm, preoperative @entity1 parameters and intraoperative parameters correlated to increased @entity2 . The combination of these parameters allows the estimation of an individual @entity0 ' risk for @entity3 already at the end of vascular surgery with an overall accuracy of 69.9%. CONCLUSIONS: @entity3 after vascular surgery is a frequent complication. A model based on pre- and intraoperative somatic and @entity1 risk factors allows prediction of the @entity0 's risk for developing @entity3 .

title: Predicting XXXX after vascular surgery: a model based on pre- and intraoperative data.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the change in body image, self-esteem, and worries in @entity1 adolescents attending a residential, weight-loss camp. DESIGN: A longitudinal intervention study, with a nonintervention comparison group of lean adolescents. @entity0 : A total of 57 @entity1 adolescents (age: 13,11; BMI: 32.6 kg/m(2)) and 38 normal weight comparison adolescents. MEASURES: Self-esteem, salience of weight-related issues, body shape preference, weight and height at the start, and end of the weight-loss camp (mean stay: 4 weeks). RESULTS: The @entity1 adolescents lost 5.6 kg, reduced their BMI by 2.1 kg/m(2), and BMI s.d. score by 0.28 while comparison @entity0 gained weight. Body shape dissatisfaction significantly decreased and self-esteem increased on measures of global self-worth, athletic competence, and physical appearance, in the camp attendees. This improvement took place without any exacerbation of existing worries about appearance or weight. CONCLUSIONS: While @entity1 adolescents had lower self-worth and greater body dissatisfaction relative to the comparison @entity0 at the start of the camp, the intervention improved their psychological state. Greater weight loss was associated with greater psychological improvement, indicating the value of the intervention and the relevance of psychological change in effective treatment.

title: XXXX 's weight-loss camps: psychological benefit or jeopardy?

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Pneumatic tube transport has been reported to aggravate the error in partial pressure of @entity1 ( @entity2 ) measurements caused by air bubbles. The aim of this study was to clarify the effect of manual and pneumatic tube methods of sample transportation and different amounts of air bubbles on arterial blood gas analysis. METHODS: Blood gas samples from 15 @entity0 and a pooled wasted blood mixture with 3 different levels of @entity2 were analyzed to determine the effects of air bubbles and manual versus pneumatic tube transportation on @entity2 levels. RESULTS: @entity2 increased significantly in samples containing 10% air bubbles and was exaggerated by pneumatic tube transport (from 115.63 +/- 9.31 mm Hg to 180.51 +/- 11.29 mm Hg, p < 0.001). In samples with low @entity2 ( approximately 30 mm Hg), the measurement was not aberrant regardless of the method of transportation or the amount of air bubbles contained in the specimen. However, in samples with medium and high @entity2 (> 70 mm Hg), aberrances in measurements were noted even with only 0.5% air bubbles and regardless of whether the sample was transported by manual methods or pressurized tube. The increments of @entity2 correlated positively with the amount of air introduced into the specimens. Thus, the measured PO(2) increased 8.13 and 31.77 mm Hg when 0.5% and 10% air bubbles were introduced, respectively, to samples with medium PO(2) (p < 0.05). The interaction between the amount of air bubbles and the method of transportation was significant (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Trapped air in the syringe should be expelled as thoroughly as possible, since the presence of only 1% air bubbles can result in aberrance in PO(2) measurement. Samples for blood gas analysis should be carried in ambient pressure to the laboratory because pneumatic tube delivery systems significantly aggravate the air bubble-related aberrance in @entity2 measurement.

title: Effects of air bubbles and tube transportation on blood XXXX tension in arterial blood gas analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity1 ( @entity1 ) volume to head circumference ratios (CVRs) determined by different imaging modalities and calculation techniques. METHODS: Fetal thoracic lesion images by ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were retrospectively reviewed and the CVRs were calculated. The CVR(US) was determined by the standard method. The CVR(MRI) was calculated from T2-weighted sequences (HASTE/SSH-TSE) in two ways, dimensional measurements analogous to US technique (MRI-D) and by using a MRI-software calculated volume (MRI-V). CVR values between methods were compared using Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank testing, Bland-Altman analyses, and Spearman correlations. RESULTS: Appropriate images were available to compare CVR(US) to CVR(MRI-D) for 20 @entity0 and CVR(US) to CVR(MRI-V) for 18 @entity0 . There were no significant differences in CVR values between modalities. By Bland-Altman analyses, the CVR measurements were largely within the limits of agreement: 18 of 20 for CVR(MRI-D) and 17 of 18 for CVR(MRI-V), with a slight bias towards larger measurements by MRI. CONCLUSIONS: Though values varied between modalities for individual @entity0 , there was no systematic difference in CVRs determined by US or MRI. Fetal prognostic category for CPAMs did not change based on MRI in any @entity0 in this series.

title: Comparison of XXXX volume ratios calculated by ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A rare case of extracranial internal @entity6 with a coexisting @entity8 is reported. A 50-year-old male had a sudden onset of severe @entity2 , @entity5 and right motor weakness on May 14, 1984. Two days later the @entity0 was transferred to our hospital. On admission he was alert but presented with @entity12 and right moderate @entity11 . He had an episode of a @entity15 12 years previously, but no history of @entity4 , @entity1 or @entity3 . A computed tomography revealed mild @entity9 and mild @entity13 . A cerebral angiography did not demonstrate any @entity8 but it revealed @entity6 at the cervical bifurcation. The repeated angiography on May 31 disclosed a saccular @entity8 arising anteromedially at the level of the junction of the right posterior communicating @entity14 . The cervical internal carotid artery remained occluded at the same site. The middle cerebral artery was supplied through the well-developed posterior communicating artery, and the right anterior cerebral artery was supplied through the anterior communicating artery. Clipping of the @entity8 was attempted but it was forcibly trapped because of @entity10 on June 5. The right V-P shunt was performed for the progressive @entity13 on June 12. The @entity0 was discharged with no paresis on June 20. It has been well known that the uni- or bilateral @entity6 , whatever the origins are, are often associated with @entity7 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Extracranial internal @entity6 and coexisting XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: A rare case of extracranial internal @entity6 with a coexisting @entity8 is reported. A 50-year-old male had a sudden onset of severe @entity2 , @entity5 and right motor weakness on May 14, 1984. Two days later the @entity0 was transferred to our hospital. On admission he was alert but presented with @entity12 and right moderate @entity11 . He had an episode of a @entity15 12 years previously, but no history of @entity4 , @entity1 or @entity3 . A computed tomography revealed mild @entity9 and mild @entity13 . A cerebral angiography did not demonstrate any @entity8 but it revealed @entity6 at the cervical bifurcation. The repeated angiography on May 31 disclosed a saccular @entity8 arising anteromedially at the level of the junction of the right posterior communicating @entity14 . The cervical internal carotid artery remained occluded at the same site. The middle cerebral artery was supplied through the well-developed posterior communicating artery, and the right anterior cerebral artery was supplied through the anterior communicating artery. Clipping of the @entity8 was attempted but it was forcibly trapped because of @entity10 on June 5. The right V-P shunt was performed for the progressive @entity13 on June 12. The @entity0 was discharged with no paresis on June 20. It has been well known that the uni- or bilateral @entity6 , whatever the origins are, are often associated with @entity7 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Extracranial internal XXXX and coexisting @entity7 ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: We report a rare case of traumatic spinal subarachnoid @entity8 with @entity9 following @entity3 . A 43-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital four days after @entity3 complaining of @entity4 , left @entity7 and dysesthesia of the left arm. On the third hospital day, neurological examination revealed left C2,3 level @entity9 . High cervical plain CT scan showed a high density area in the left spinal canal from C1 vertebral body level to C2-3 intervertebral level. Emergency operation was performed and a left-sided subarachnoid @entity8 was removed. The left C2 and C3 nerve roots were markedly stretched and the cord was shifted to the right. Neither @entity5 nor @entity1 was found and no traumatic change was seen on the cord. The @entity9 disappeared soon after surgery, but the weakness of the left arm and anesthesia at the level of left C2 dermatome remained until six months after operation. Review of the literature revealed no such a case as the one in which the @entity0 developed a spinal subarachnoid @entity8 following @entity3 without any preexisting @entity2 of the spine. @entity9 caused by spinal subarachnoid @entity8 was not found on the literature either. So we believe that this is the first report of case of such lesion. The mechanism of @entity6 formation on @entity3 may be due to transient dislocation of the spine with tearing of the anterior longitudinal ligament or to crushing of the cord between the ligamentum flavum, which bulged forward on hyperextension, and the posterior aspect of the vertebral body.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Traumatic spinal subarachnoid XXXX presenting with @entity9 ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: We report a rare case of traumatic spinal subarachnoid @entity8 with @entity9 following @entity3 . A 43-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital four days after @entity3 complaining of @entity4 , left @entity7 and dysesthesia of the left arm. On the third hospital day, neurological examination revealed left C2,3 level @entity9 . High cervical plain CT scan showed a high density area in the left spinal canal from C1 vertebral body level to C2-3 intervertebral level. Emergency operation was performed and a left-sided subarachnoid @entity8 was removed. The left C2 and C3 nerve roots were markedly stretched and the cord was shifted to the right. Neither @entity5 nor @entity1 was found and no traumatic change was seen on the cord. The @entity9 disappeared soon after surgery, but the weakness of the left arm and anesthesia at the level of left C2 dermatome remained until six months after operation. Review of the literature revealed no such a case as the one in which the @entity0 developed a spinal subarachnoid @entity8 following @entity3 without any preexisting @entity2 of the spine. @entity9 caused by spinal subarachnoid @entity8 was not found on the literature either. So we believe that this is the first report of case of such lesion. The mechanism of @entity6 formation on @entity3 may be due to transient dislocation of the spine with tearing of the anterior longitudinal ligament or to crushing of the cord between the ligamentum flavum, which bulged forward on hyperextension, and the posterior aspect of the vertebral body.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Traumatic spinal subarachnoid @entity8 presenting with XXXX ].

answer: @entity9


abstract: The proposed mechanisms of photoinduced reactions in the blue light using @entity1 chromophore photoreceptor proteins are primarily based on the results of X-ray crystallography and spectroscopy studies. Of particular value are the observed band shifts in optical and vibrational spectra upon formation of the signaling (light-induced) state. However, the same set of experimental data has given rise to contradictory interpretations suggesting different structures of the dark and signaling states. To verify the specific mechanism of light-induced changes involving the rotation/tautomerization transformations with the conserved @entity2 residue near the @entity1 chromophore, we performed accurate quantum chemical calculations of the equilibrium structures, vibrational and absorption bands of the model systems mimicking the BLUF domain of flavoprotein AppA. Geometry optimization and calculations of vibrational frequencies were carried out with the QM(B3LYP/cc-pVDZ)/MM(AMBER) approach starting from the representative @entity0 ( @entity0 ) snapshots. The @entity0 simulations were initiated from the available crystal structures of the AppA protein. Calculations of the vertical excitation energies were performed with the scaled opposite spin configuration interaction with single substitutions SOS-CIS(D) method that enables efficient treatment of excited states in large molecular systems. The computed molecular structures as well as the spectral shifts (the red shift by 12  16 nm in absorption and the downshift by 25 cm(-1) for the @entity3 @entity1 vibrational mode) are in excellent agreement with the experimental results, lending a strong support to the mechanism proposed by Domratcheva et al. (Biophys. J. 2008, 94, 3872).

title: Quantum Chemistry Calculations Provide Support to the Mechanism of the Light-Induced Structural Changes in the XXXX -Binding Photoreceptor Proteins.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Throughout life, the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) undergoes morphogenetic changes that may be hormonally regulated. To investigate this possibility, a population of cells morphologically identical to native @entity5 cells was isolated from estrous @entity1 with collagenase, unit gravity sedimentation, and trypsin- @entity4 . Cells were incubated with various concentrations of protein hormones in serum-rich medium or in a chemically defined medium containing fibronectin. @entity2 was added 24 h before interruption of cultures. Growth-promoting effects of tested hormones were more pronounced and consistent in serum-free cultures. Under these conditions, @entity0 chorionic gonadotropin (10,000 mIU/ml) caused a 2.8-fold increase in cell number and a 3.4-fold stimulation of @entity3 incorporation. Luteinizing hormone (NIAMDD-oLH-24, 1.0 micrograms/ml) and follicle-stimulating hormone (NIADDK-oFSH-16, 1.0 micrograms/ml) produced, respectively, a 1.7-fold and 1.5-fold increase in cell proliferation, and over 1.4-fold and 1.3-fold stimulations of @entity3 uptake. When used together, no growth stimulation by these gonadotropins was seen. Slight but significant increases in cell number (1.4-fold) and in radiolabel incorporation (1.3-fold) were observed with prolactin (NIADDK-oPrl-16, 10 ng/ml). These data indicate that some protein hormones promote the growth of @entity5 cells. This property may be important in regulating these cells during normal and pathologic states.

title: Growth effects of protein hormones on cultured XXXX ovarian surface epithelial cells.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In this work, we present infrared (IR) spectra of @entity4 and its deuterium isotopomers calculated by direct @entity0 ( @entity0 ) simulations at the B3LYP/6-31+G** computational level. The calculated spectra obtained at 100, 300, and 500 K were compared to available experimental observations, and spectral features were assigned using normal-mode analysis (NMA) and @entity0 ( @entity0 ). Spectral peaks at 2410 and 2540 cm(-1) were assigned to asymmetric and symmetric stretches of the bridging @entity1 (BH) using NMA. The weak spectral features at 2166 and 2275 cm(-1) were assigned to a combination band of BH asymmetric stretch, @entity2 in phase wagging, OO stretch, and @entity3 rocking vibrations by @entity0 simulations. Our observation of BH stretch vibrations as low as 2166 cm(-1) is in good agreement with the assignment of the low-resolution spectrum obtained by Schwarz at 2200-2300 cm(-1) [Schwarz, H. A. J. Chem. Phys. 1977, 67, 5525-5534] and vibrational predissociation spectrum by Lee et al.    2300 cm(-1) [Okumura, M.; Yeh, L. I.; Myers, J. D.; Lee, Y. T. J. Chem. Phys. 1990, 94, 3416-3427].

title: Ab Initio Studies of Structural and Vibrational Properties of Protonated Water Cluster XXXX and Its Deuterium Isotopologues: An Application of Driven Molecular Dynamics.

answer: @entity4


abstract: With the advent of more sensitive diagnostic techniques, we are encountering an increasing number of young @entity0 harboring @entity3 . The great danger in such @entity0 is that the @entity3 cells will undergo dedifferentiation to a higher state of malignancy. An essential question is whether the use of postoperative adjuvant radiation therapy can decrease the incidence of this event. Because a prospective, randomized study has never been carried out, it is extremely difficult to ascertain whether radiation therapy should be given to these @entity0 . This article reviews the main retrospective clinical studies in an attempt to determine whether the addition of radiation therapy increases the length or quality of survival in @entity0 with @entity3 . Based on this literature review, the following tentative conclusions have been reached: All reported studies are inconclusive; therefore, dogmatic statements as to whether radiation therapy should be used are not warranted. One should try to obtain pathological confirmation of the precise nature of all @entity1 -like @entity2 that have been detected on neuroradiological studies. Consistent with sound neurosurgical judgment, every attempt should be made to carry out a gross total removal of the hemispheric @entity3 . In the case of such a gross total surgical removal and even in its absence in the case of a juvenile @entity3 , radiation therapy may be withheld and the @entity0 carefully followed for @entity1 recurrence. In those cases where total removal cannot be accomplished, postoperative radiation therapy seems warranted. Such radiation therapy should be given in a conventional fractionated schedule to a maximum of 5500 rads.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Radiation therapy in the treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity7 is one of the major causes of @entity8 in Japanese workers. @entity9 , @entity2 , @entity1 , and the smoking habit are considered to be risk factors for cardiovascular events. Generally the subendocardium is thought to be more sensitive to a shortage of blood supply than the subepicardium. Buckberg et al. have demonstrated that the ratio of the area of the diastolic phase (diastolic pressure time index: DPTI) to that of the systolic phase (time tension index: TTI) in the central aortic profile has a close correlation with the blood supply to the subendocardium. This ratio was designated as the subendocardial viability ratio: SEVR (DPTI/TTI). We examined the relationships between the SEVR, as measured by SphygmoCor (AtCor Medical Ltd.), and the data from the health examination of 178 males working for a steel company. A significantly low SEVR was observed in @entity0 with the smoking habit, a high pulse rate, @entity1 , @entity10 , or @entity11 . Employees in the normal SEVR group (SEVR: 140% or more) n = 120 and low SEVR group (SEVR: 139% or less) n = 58 were compared. The results suggested that employees with low SEVR were older and had a higher BMI, higher pulse rate, higher total @entity3 , higher @entity5 , and higher fasting plasma @entity6 . They also had lower HDL- @entity3 . In the low SEVR group, the percentage of employees with @entity4 or hyperglucosemia was significantly higher than that in the normal SEVR group. Results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that the pulse rate and age were significant and independent predictive factors for SEVR. These data on SEVR calculated from the wave pattern of the central artery are considered to be useful parameters for evaluating the risk of @entity7 and for guiding health promotion.

title: [Relationship between the subendocardial viability ratio and risk factors for XXXX ].

answer: @entity7


abstract: We evaluated the surgical treatment results of @entity4 in the era of radiosurgery. We treated 24 @entity0 of @entity4 surgically. The median age was 60 yrs (ranging from 29 to 82 yrs). The most common @entity1 location was the sphenoid ridge in 12 @entity0 and the tuberculum sellae in 7 @entity0 . The pterional approach using fronto-temporal craniotomy was performed for all @entity0 . The residual or recurrent @entity1 were treated by gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS). We are able to follow up these cases for a median of 3.8 yrs (ranging from 1 to 8 yrs) after the operations. The radicality of @entity1 resection was Simpson grade II in 13 @entity0 (54%), grade III in 3 @entity0 (13%) and grade IV in 7 @entity0 (33%). Clinical improvement was achieved in 81% of the @entity0 . Of the @entity0 who had visual disturbance preoperatively, 8 @entity0 (73%) showed improvement, but 3 @entity0 suffered deterioration postoperatively. None of the @entity0 died. One @entity0 suffered transient @entity5 and one @entity0 suffered mild @entity3 postoperatively. Boost radiosurgery for the @entity2 was performed for six @entity0 and @entity1 growth control was able to be achieved in all @entity0 , with a median of 3.1 years follow-up period (ranging from 0.5 to 6 yrs). Five @entity0 with @entity1 regrowth or recurrence were treated by GKS. We recommend fronto-temporal craniotomy with nonradical resection for @entity4 and radiosurgery for residual and recurrent @entity1 . This strategy will achieve good functional outcome with long-term @entity1 growth control.

title: [The surgical treatment strategy and results of XXXX in the era of radiosurgery].

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND:    The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) have approved updated dose recommendations for intravenous @entity2 in @entity0 with various degrees of renal function. We assessed the recommendations in relation to their ability to achieve clinically relevant plasma @entity2 concentrations. METHODS:    Pharmacokinetic data from 162 adult critically ill @entity0 ( @entity1 clearance range, 5.4-211 mL/min) were used to determine the average steady-state plasma @entity2 concentration (Css,avg) that would be achieved if each @entity0 received the FDA or EMA dose. Target attainment rates for FDA- and EMA-approved daily doses to achieve @entity2 Css,avg of >= 0.5, >= 1, >= 2, and >= 4 mg/L were determined for each @entity1 clearance category (>= 80 mL/min, 50 to <80 mL/min, 30 to <50 mL/min, and <30 mL/min). RESULTS:    For @entity1 clearance <30 mL/min, 100% of @entity0 receiving the EMA dose achieved a @entity2 Css,avg >= 1 mg/L, but the attainment rate was as low as 53.1% for @entity0 receiving the FDA-approved dose. For @entity2 Css,avg >= 2 mg/L, the attainment rates were 87.5% with the EMA dose but only 6.3%-34.4% in @entity0 receiving the FDA dose. Differences in attainment rates for a @entity2 Css,avg of >= 2 mg/L and >= 4 mg/L extended to @entity0 with @entity1 clearance 30 to <50 mL/min. For @entity0 with @entity1 clearance >= 80 mL/min, only approximately 65%-75% of @entity0 achieved a @entity2 Css,avg of >= 1 mg/L with either set of recommendations. CONCLUSIONS:    The study highlights important differences between the FDA- and EMA-approved dose recommendations and informs the setting of clinical breakpoints. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION:    NCT00235690.

title: Updated US and European Dose Recommendations for Intravenous XXXX : How Do They Perform?

answer: @entity2


abstract: The use of transgenic plants in the production of recombinant proteins for @entity0 therapy, including subunit vaccines, is being investigated to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these emerging biopharmaceutical products. We have previously shown that synthesis of recombinant glycoprotein B (gB) of @entity3 can be targeted to seeds of transgenic @entity1 when directed by the @entity2 glutelin 3 promoter, with gB retaining critical features of immunological reactivity (E.S. Tackaberry et al. 1999. Vaccine, 17: 3020-3029). Here, we report development of second generation transgenic plant lines (T1) homozygous for the transgene. Twenty progeny plants from two lines ( @entity4 (1)-2 and @entity5 (1)-3) were grown underground in an environmentally contained mine shaft. Based on yields of gB in their seeds, the @entity4 (1)-2 line was then selected for scale-up in the same facility. Analyses of mature seeds by ELISA showedthat gB specific activity in @entity4 (1)-2 seeds was over 30-fold greater than the best T0 plants from the same transformation series, representing 1.07% total seed protein. These data demonstrate stable inheritance, an absence of transgene inactivation, and enhanced levels of gB expression in a homozygous second generation plant line. They also provide evidence for the suitability of using this environmentally secure facility to grow transgenic plants producing therapeutic biopharmaceuticals.

title: Increased yield of heterologous viral glycoprotein in the seeds of homozygous transgenic XXXX plants cultivated underground.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A recently developed animal model was used to study the effect of tympanostomy tubes (TTs) on the spontaneous development of @entity3 media. In 35 @entity0 with soft-palate clefts a TT was inserted into the right tympanic membrane. The left ear was left intact. @entity1 occurred in the attic space within 2 days after surgery, whether or not the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) was artificially ventilated. Between days 7 and 21 the intact-ear @entity2 was gradually filled with effusion material that turned purulent. Effusion material did not develop in the mesotympanum and hypotympanum of the intubated ears. Microbiologic examination of the effusion material showed a microflora similar to that in the nasopharynx. Ventilation through a TT reduced the number of colonized MECs (4 vs. 10) on day 21. In the individual culture-positive @entity2 with a TT there were fewer colonies than in the corresponding ear without a TT. These results support the contention that a TT may prevent the development of @entity3 media.

title: Tympanostomy tubes for prevention of XXXX media.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Verbal autopsies (VA) are increasingly used in low- and middle-income countries where most causes of @entity1 (COD) occur at home without medical attention, and home deaths differ substantially from hospital deaths. Hence, there is no plausible "standard" against which VAs for home deaths may be validated. Previous studies have shown contradictory performance of automated methods compared to physician-based classification of CODs. We sought to compare the performance of the classic naive Bayes classifier (NBC) versus existing automated classifiers, using physician-based classification as the reference. METHODS: We compared the performance of NBC, an @entity2 ( @entity2 ), and InterVA-4 on three datasets covering about 21,000 @entity0 and adult deaths: the ongoing Million Death Study in India, and health and demographic surveillance sites in Agincourt, South Africa and Matlab, Bangladesh. We applied several training and testing splits of the data to quantify the sensitivity and specificity compared to physician coding for individual CODs and to test the cause-specific mortality fractions at the population level. RESULTS: The NBC achieved comparable sensitivity (median 0.51, range 0.48-0.58) to @entity2 (median 0.50, range 0.41-0.51), with InterVA-4 having lower sensitivity (median 0.43, range 0.36-0.47) in all three datasets, across all CODs. Consistency of CODs was comparable for NBC and InterVA-4 but lower for @entity2 . NBC and @entity2 achieved better performance when using a local rather than a non-local training dataset. At the population level, NBC scored the highest cause-specific mortality fraction accuracy across the datasets (median 0.88, range 0.87-0.93), followed by InterVA-4 (median 0.66, range 0.62-0.73) and @entity2 (median 0.57, range 0.42-0.58). CONCLUSIONS: NBC outperforms current similar COD classifiers at the population level. Nevertheless, no current automated classifier adequately replicates physician classification for individual CODs. There is a need for further research on automated classifiers using local training and test data in diverse settings prior to recommending any replacement of physician-based classification of verbal autopsies.

title: Naive Bayes classifiers for verbal autopsies: comparison to physician-based classification for 21,000 XXXX and adult deaths.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of the pronator quadratus (PQ) muscle repair following volar plate fixation of @entity2 with special regards to the forearm pronation strength. During the early recovery period of 3  months, an improvement of pronation strength and functional scorings was hypothesized for the PQ repair when compared to no repair. METHODS: The inclusion criteria were (1) @entity0 or @entity0 between 18 and 80  years, (2) isolated, closed @entity2 of the distal radius, (3) A2 to B2 types of @entity2 according to the AO @entity2 classification system, (4) primary volar locking plate osteosynthesis. @entity0 were randomized to group A  =  PQ repair and group B  =  no repair. Follow-up examinations after 6 and 12  weeks included bilateral isometric pronation strength measurement, range of motion, the QuickDASH and the Mayo-Wrist-Score, and a visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: 60 @entity0 (n  =  31 in group A and n  =  29 in group B) with an average age of 54  years (range 22-77  years) returned for both follow-up visits. The pronation strength measurements showed no significant differences between groups (PQ repair vs. no repair) neither at 6  weeks nor at 12  weeks. Additionally, no statistical significant differences were noted for ROM, QuickDASH-Score or Mayo-Wrist-Score. The VAS scoring revealed a significant decreased @entity1 level after PQ repair at 6  weeks postoperatively (p  =  0.017). CONCLUSION: An improved pronation strength after PQ repair in the early rehabilitation period could not be confirmed. However, the PQ repair might reduce @entity1 in the early postoperative period. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT02595229 (ClinicalTrials.gov, registered 02 November 2015).

title: Pronator quadratus repair after volar plating of XXXX or not? Results of a prospective randomized trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Ecchymotic patches on the fingers and @entity6 in @entity7 are two benign but recurrent clinical disorders occurring chiefly in young @entity0 . They involve superficial cutaneous hemorrhagic signs. Both disorders testify to @entity5 without perturbation of general hemostasis. Diagnosis is easy for those familiar with the disorders. Ecchymotic episodes accompanied by @entity2 begin at the roots of the fingers. Microtraumatism is soon seen to be involved. Ecchymosis develops at the flexor muscles of the fingers but "capillary" resistance is only reduced in one third of cases. The pathogenic explanation involves rupture of a small post-capillary vein due to disorders in the control system of kinins and local metabolites. The autoerythrocyte sensitization syndrome described in 1955 by Gardner and Diamond is characterized by painful and febrile episodes followed by purpuric and ecchymotic lesions of the skin on various parts of the body, but not necessarily on the legs. Dysneurotonic effects are frequent but diagnosis is based upon promotion of the disorder by intradermal or subcutaneous injection of a minimal quantity of autologous blood. Immunological effects are considered but the ailment involves @entity1 , notably of the capillary-vein segment, in particular at Copley's endo-endothelial fibrin film. Imbalance in fibrin formation and lysis is associated with perturbation of the kinin and @entity4 systems. In addition to the use of certain bioflavonoids and @entity3 inhibitors, prevention and treatment should involve consideration of drugs which affect plasticity in the vascular wall and pericapillary interstitial conjunctiva and the rheological properties of blood flow and interstitial tissue.

title: [Ecchymotic patches of the fingers and XXXX ].

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new protocol of accelerated hemithoracic intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) followed by extrapleural pneumonectomy (EPP) for @entity0 with resectable @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: A total of 25  Gy of radiation was delivered in 5 daily fractions over 1  week to the entire ipsilateral hemithorax with concomitant boost of 5  Gy to volumes at high risk based on computed tomography and positron emission tomography scan findings. EPP was performed at 6      2  days after the end of radiation therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy was offered to @entity0 with ypN2 disease. RESULTS: A total of 62 @entity0 were included between November 2008 and October 2014. One @entity0 died in the hospital 2  months after EPP, for an operative mortality of 1.6%, and 2 died after discharged from the hospital for an overall treatment-related mortality (grade 5 @entity1 ) of 4.8%. Twenty-four @entity0 (39%) developed grade 3 to 5 (grade 3+) complications. On final pathology, 94% of the @entity0 were stage III or IV, and 52% had ypN2 disease. The median survival for all @entity0 as an intention-to-treat analysis was 36  months. The median overall survival and disease-free survival was 51 and 47  months, respectively, in epithelial subtypes, compared with 10 and 8  months in biphasic subtypes (P  =  .001). Ipsilateral chest recurrence occurred in 8 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Accelerated hemithoracic IMRT followed by EPP has become our preferred approach for resectable @entity2 . The results have been encouraging in @entity0 with epithelial subtype.

title: Accelerated hemithoracic radiation followed by extrapleural pneumonectomy for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) is an aggressive @entity1 whose growth is driven by stem cell-like cells. @entity2 signaling triggers cell-cycle exit and differentiation of @entity0 stem cells (GSCs) and, therefore, might have therapeutic value. However, the epigenetic mechanisms that accompany differentiation remain poorly defined. It is also unclear whether cell-cycle arrest is terminal. Here we find only a subset of GSC cultures exhibit astrocyte differentiation in response to @entity2 . Although overtly differentiated non-cycling astrocytes are generated, they remain vulnerable to cell-cycle re-entry and fail to appropriately reconfigure DNA methylation patterns. Chromatin accessibility mapping identified loci that failed to alter in response to @entity2 and these were enriched in SOX transcription factor-binding motifs. SOX transcription factors, therefore, may limit differentiation commitment. A similar propensity for cell-cycle re-entry and de-differentiation was observed in GSC-derived oligodendrocyte-like cells. These findings highlight significant obstacles to @entity2 -induced differentiation as therapy for @entity0 .

title: XXXX Stem Cells Respond to Differentiation Cues but Fail to Undergo Commitment and Terminal Cell-Cycle Arrest.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present a case of an acute @entity5 caused by a ruptured @entity1 in a late twin pregnancy. DESIGN: Case report study. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Austria. @entity0 (S): A @entity0 with a history of surgery for @entity2 and currently pregnant with dichorionic twins after IVF presented with acute @entity4 . INTERVENTION(S): Serial ultrasound assessment revealed a massive @entity5 that was caused by a @entity1 . Emergency laparotomy was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Hemostasis. RESULT(S): Laparotomy led to operative hemostasis and preterm cesarean section of healthy twins at 27 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION(S): Endometriosis occurs in about 10% of @entity0 of reproductive age and carries an @entity3 rate of up to 50%. Severe @entity2 used to be a rare event in @entity0 with spontaneously conceived pregnancies. However, during the last decade, the increased use of assisted reproductive technologies has led to higher fertility rates in @entity0 with @entity2 and to a higher incidence of multiple gestations. Therefore, the number of pregnant @entity0 with @entity2 and associated complications may rise.

title: @entity1 causes acute XXXX in twin pregnancy.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To present a case of an acute @entity5 caused by a ruptured @entity1 in a late twin pregnancy. DESIGN: Case report study. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Austria. @entity0 (S): A @entity0 with a history of surgery for @entity2 and currently pregnant with dichorionic twins after IVF presented with acute @entity4 . INTERVENTION(S): Serial ultrasound assessment revealed a massive @entity5 that was caused by a @entity1 . Emergency laparotomy was performed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Hemostasis. RESULT(S): Laparotomy led to operative hemostasis and preterm cesarean section of healthy twins at 27 weeks of gestation. CONCLUSION(S): Endometriosis occurs in about 10% of @entity0 of reproductive age and carries an @entity3 rate of up to 50%. Severe @entity2 used to be a rare event in @entity0 with spontaneously conceived pregnancies. However, during the last decade, the increased use of assisted reproductive technologies has led to higher fertility rates in @entity0 with @entity2 and to a higher incidence of multiple gestations. Therefore, the number of pregnant @entity0 with @entity2 and associated complications may rise.

title: XXXX causes acute @entity5 in twin pregnancy.

answer: @entity1