abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined whether there were racial differences in initial treatment for clinically localized @entity3 and investigated whether demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, or @entity1 characteristics could explain any racial differences. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Population-based @entity1 registries in Connecticut, Los Angeles, and Atlanta. @entity0 : We evaluated 1144 African-American and non-Hispanic white @entity0 , aged 50 to 74 years, with clinically localized @entity1 diagnosed between October 1994 and October 1995. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We obtained demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical data from @entity0 surveys and medical record abstractions. We reported adjusted percentages for receiving treatment derived from multinomial logistic regression. We found an interaction between race and @entity2 . Among @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity4 > or = 20 ng/mL or Gleason score > or = 8), African Americans were less likely to undergo radical prostatectomy than non-Hispanic whites (35.2% vs 52.0%), but more likely to receive conservative management (38.9% vs 16.3%, P=.003). Among the 71% of subjects with @entity1 , African Americans and non-Hispanic whites were equally likely to receive either radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy (80.0% vs 84.5%, P=.2). CONCLUSIONS: African Americans with @entity1 were less likely to undergo radical prostatectomy and more likely to be treated conservatively. These treatment differences may reflect African Americans' greater likelihood for presenting with pathologically advanced @entity1 for which surgery has limited effectiveness. Among @entity0 with @entity1 -the majority of cases-there were no racial differences in undergoing radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy.

title: Racial differences in initial treatment for clinically localized XXXX . Results from the @entity3 outcomes study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: We examined whether there were racial differences in initial treatment for clinically localized @entity3 and investigated whether demographic, socioeconomic, clinical, or @entity1 characteristics could explain any racial differences. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Population-based @entity1 registries in Connecticut, Los Angeles, and Atlanta. @entity0 : We evaluated 1144 African-American and non-Hispanic white @entity0 , aged 50 to 74 years, with clinically localized @entity1 diagnosed between October 1994 and October 1995. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We obtained demographic, socioeconomic, and clinical data from @entity0 surveys and medical record abstractions. We reported adjusted percentages for receiving treatment derived from multinomial logistic regression. We found an interaction between race and @entity2 . Among @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity4 > or = 20 ng/mL or Gleason score > or = 8), African Americans were less likely to undergo radical prostatectomy than non-Hispanic whites (35.2% vs 52.0%), but more likely to receive conservative management (38.9% vs 16.3%, P=.003). Among the 71% of subjects with @entity1 , African Americans and non-Hispanic whites were equally likely to receive either radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy (80.0% vs 84.5%, P=.2). CONCLUSIONS: African Americans with @entity1 were less likely to undergo radical prostatectomy and more likely to be treated conservatively. These treatment differences may reflect African Americans' greater likelihood for presenting with pathologically advanced @entity1 for which surgery has limited effectiveness. Among @entity0 with @entity1 -the majority of cases-there were no racial differences in undergoing radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy.

title: Racial differences in initial treatment for clinically localized @entity3 . Results from the XXXX outcomes study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wandering has been described as one of the most challenging behaviours to manage and yet a search of the literature in the last two decades yields only a limited number of papers that specifically studied wandering. AIM: This paper reviews the current literature on wandering in relation to the nature of the phenomenon, attempts to classify the behaviour, the extent of the problem, the profile of those who wander, postulations about its aetiology, and intervention strategies being employed. METHOD: Eight literature databases were searched for the last 40 years up to February 2003 using 'wandering' and ' @entity2 ' as combined keywords. A total of 133 articles was included in the review. FINDINGS: The prevalence of wandering behaviour was difficult to assess and no conclusions could be reached. The typical wanderer depicted in the literature was relatively young in the older population, more @entity1 , more likely to be a @entity0 , might have experienced sleep problems, had a more active premorbid lifestyle, and used more psychotropic medications. While studies agreed that wanderers are more @entity1 , their findings did not necessarily agree on other attributes. Three major approaches, namely the biomedical, psychosocial and @entity0 -environment interaction perspectives, in conceptualizing wandering behaviour can be identified from the literature. Medications, activity programmes, behavioural modification and environmental manipulation have been used as interventions but none has so far demonstrated unequivocal effectiveness. CONCLUSION: Knowledge generated through research remains insufficient to explain fully why and when wandering occurs. Variability in how the phenomenon was defined and studied, and the small size of the samples made generalizability of findings difficult. Future research should incorporate a clearer definition of wandering; a specific targeted population with representative sample size; appropriate subject identification strategies; focussed interventions, and better control conditions.

title: Wandering behaviour in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Wandering has been described as one of the most challenging behaviours to manage and yet a search of the literature in the last two decades yields only a limited number of papers that specifically studied wandering. AIM: This paper reviews the current literature on wandering in relation to the nature of the phenomenon, attempts to classify the behaviour, the extent of the problem, the profile of those who wander, postulations about its aetiology, and intervention strategies being employed. METHOD: Eight literature databases were searched for the last 40 years up to February 2003 using 'wandering' and ' @entity2 ' as combined keywords. A total of 133 articles was included in the review. FINDINGS: The prevalence of wandering behaviour was difficult to assess and no conclusions could be reached. The typical wanderer depicted in the literature was relatively young in the older population, more @entity1 , more likely to be a @entity0 , might have experienced sleep problems, had a more active premorbid lifestyle, and used more psychotropic medications. While studies agreed that wanderers are more @entity1 , their findings did not necessarily agree on other attributes. Three major approaches, namely the biomedical, psychosocial and @entity0 -environment interaction perspectives, in conceptualizing wandering behaviour can be identified from the literature. Medications, activity programmes, behavioural modification and environmental manipulation have been used as interventions but none has so far demonstrated unequivocal effectiveness. CONCLUSION: Knowledge generated through research remains insufficient to explain fully why and when wandering occurs. Variability in how the phenomenon was defined and studied, and the small size of the samples made generalizability of findings difficult. Future research should incorporate a clearer definition of wandering; a specific targeted population with representative sample size; appropriate subject identification strategies; focussed interventions, and better control conditions.

title: Wandering behaviour in XXXX with @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of @entity7 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides ( @entity4 AS-ODNs) on the angiogenesis in @entity6 and to evaluate the intermediary effect of @entity5 2 in this process. METHODS: Specific targeting @entity4 AS-ODNs were designed and synthesized, and transfected into the PC3 @entity0 @entity6 cells cultured in vitro. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the PC3 cells 0.12. 24, 40, and 72 hours after the transfection. the second cultured PC3 cells were divided into 5 groups: control group, Lipo group (transfected with Lipofectin only), C1 group (transfected with 1 micro g @entity4 AS-ODN + Lipo/well), C2 group (transfected with 2 micro g @entity4 AS-ODN + Lipo/well), and C3 group (transfected with 3 micro g @entity4 AS-ODN + Lipo/well). RT-PCR was used to observe the expression of @entity4 mRNA in the PC3 cells. The third batch of PC3 cells were transfected with 3 micro g @entity4 AS-ODN + Lipo/well, and the expression of @entity4 mRNA was observed 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours later by RT-PCR. 3 micro g @entity4 AS-ODN + Lipo/bottle and 9 micro g @entity4 AS-ODN + Lipo/bottle were added into the cultured PC3 cells and Western blotting was used to observe the expression of @entity4 protein 24 hours later. 24 @entity3 eggs were inoculated with PC3 cells into the chorio-allantoic membrane and then divided equally into 5 groups; control group, Lipo group, @entity4 AS-ODN + Lipo group, and @entity4 AS-ODN + Lipo + @entity2 group. Leica microscopy was used to observe the angiogenesis in the transplanted @entity1 . RESULTS: RT-PCR showed that the downregulation of expression of @entity4 mRNA in the PC3 cells with the increase of the @entity4 AS-ODN concentration, peaking at the concentration of 0.2 micro mol/L. The effect of @entity4 AS-ODN was strongest by the 12th hour after transfection and then began to decrease and basically disappeared 48 hours after. Western blotting showed that @entity4 AS-ODN, especially that of the concentration of the expression of 9 micro g/bottle, inhibited the expression of @entity4 AS-ODN. The angiogenesis of the transplanted @entity1 in the eggs was significantly inhibited in the Lipo + @entity4 AS-ODN group, the density of newly generated vessels in the Lipo + @entity4 AS-ODN + @entity2 group was between those of the other 2 groups. CONCLUSION: @entity4 AS-ODN significantly inhibits the angiogenesis in the @entity6 . Endogenous @entity4 AS-ODN may play an important role in such a process and @entity2 may play an intermediate role therein.

title: [Inhibition of angiogenesis in @entity6 by XXXX antisense oligodeoxynucleotides].

answer: @entity7


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of @entity7 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides ( @entity4 AS-ODNs) on the angiogenesis in @entity6 and to evaluate the intermediary effect of @entity5 2 in this process. METHODS: Specific targeting @entity4 AS-ODNs were designed and synthesized, and transfected into the PC3 @entity0 @entity6 cells cultured in vitro. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the PC3 cells 0.12. 24, 40, and 72 hours after the transfection. the second cultured PC3 cells were divided into 5 groups: control group, Lipo group (transfected with Lipofectin only), C1 group (transfected with 1 micro g @entity4 AS-ODN + Lipo/well), C2 group (transfected with 2 micro g @entity4 AS-ODN + Lipo/well), and C3 group (transfected with 3 micro g @entity4 AS-ODN + Lipo/well). RT-PCR was used to observe the expression of @entity4 mRNA in the PC3 cells. The third batch of PC3 cells were transfected with 3 micro g @entity4 AS-ODN + Lipo/well, and the expression of @entity4 mRNA was observed 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours later by RT-PCR. 3 micro g @entity4 AS-ODN + Lipo/bottle and 9 micro g @entity4 AS-ODN + Lipo/bottle were added into the cultured PC3 cells and Western blotting was used to observe the expression of @entity4 protein 24 hours later. 24 @entity3 eggs were inoculated with PC3 cells into the chorio-allantoic membrane and then divided equally into 5 groups; control group, Lipo group, @entity4 AS-ODN + Lipo group, and @entity4 AS-ODN + Lipo + @entity2 group. Leica microscopy was used to observe the angiogenesis in the transplanted @entity1 . RESULTS: RT-PCR showed that the downregulation of expression of @entity4 mRNA in the PC3 cells with the increase of the @entity4 AS-ODN concentration, peaking at the concentration of 0.2 micro mol/L. The effect of @entity4 AS-ODN was strongest by the 12th hour after transfection and then began to decrease and basically disappeared 48 hours after. Western blotting showed that @entity4 AS-ODN, especially that of the concentration of the expression of 9 micro g/bottle, inhibited the expression of @entity4 AS-ODN. The angiogenesis of the transplanted @entity1 in the eggs was significantly inhibited in the Lipo + @entity4 AS-ODN group, the density of newly generated vessels in the Lipo + @entity4 AS-ODN + @entity2 group was between those of the other 2 groups. CONCLUSION: @entity4 AS-ODN significantly inhibits the angiogenesis in the @entity6 . Endogenous @entity4 AS-ODN may play an important role in such a process and @entity2 may play an intermediate role therein.

title: [Inhibition of angiogenesis in XXXX by @entity7 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides].

answer: @entity6


abstract: Cephalocele is a rare lesion mainly of congenital or traumatic origin. The lesion occurs as an extracranial @entity4 of dura mater that consists of cerebrospinal fluid only (meningocele) or cerebellar tissue ( @entity6 ). Some cephaloceles concern anterior cranial fossa and then are observed as @entity4 or in paranasal sinuses. Three @entity0 are presented. In 52 year @entity0 , who was admitted due to idiopathic @entity7 (persisting 16 years) with periodical @entity2 , the meningocele in right ethmoid sinus was diagnosed. The lesion was removed with the rhinosurgical approach and the defect in anterior cranial fossa was repaired with the free cartilaginous flap. 12 year @entity0 was admitted due to the nasal @entity1 diagnosed by CT and MRI. The lesion was removed with the combined access: firstly the @entity4 sac was cut intracranially with the frontal craniotomy and then @entity6 was removed with lateral rhinotomy. Cranial fossa defect was repaired by the periosteum flap. In third case (8 year @entity0 ) @entity6 caused 5 incidences of @entity5 . CT and MRI showed the lesion in frontal sinus. Encephalocele was removed with rhinosurgical approach and the defect in posterior frontal wall was repaired with free @entity3 . In all @entity0 long term result of operations was good. Anatomic and pathologic conditions that influence on the choice of rhinosurgical or combined access to nasal and sinusal encephaloceles are presented and discussed.

title: [ XXXX as rhinosurgical problem].

answer: @entity6


abstract: The purpose of this study was to examine the improvement of the bioavailability of @entity4 (GL) via extra-vascular, i.e. oral, rectal, and nasal routes with or without the aid of an absorption enhancer in place of the vascular intravenous route in @entity0 . Pharmacokinetic behavior following administration via vascular routes, i.e. the intravenous and portal-venous routes was examined in @entity0 . The area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) after administration of GL via the portal vein was decreased slightly, suggesting that the first elimination of GL in the liver may be one of the factors contributing to the low bioavailability after administration via the oral route. When GL was administered orally as a solution (30 mg/kg), the plasma concentration of GL was extremely low. However, after rectal or nasal administration of GL solution (30 mg/kg) with or without @entity6 , the mean AUC value was remarkably increased compared with oral administration. In particular, the absolute bioavailability of GL after nasal administration was estimated to be approximately 20%, which was approximately 80-fold greater compared with after oral administration despite of the absence of an enhancer. Furthermore, the @entity2 co-administered orally with GL produced an increase in GL absorption in the following order: @entity1 caprate>sodiumlaurate> @entity3 > @entity5 . These results indicate that the rectum and nasal cavity are useful administration routes for systemic delivery of GL. It was also found that the @entity2 were enhancers for the absorption of GL.

title: Improvement in the bioavailability of poorly absorbed glycyrrhizin via various non-vascular administration routes in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The aim of this study is the estimation of the contribution of HPLC mass screening for @entity2 to the decrease in @entity1 due to this disease. The mortality rates of @entity3 (ICD 9, 1940; ICD 10, C74; virtually all the cases of these codes are @entity2 during childhood) at 1-4 years of age in cohorts born in 1979-1984, 1985-1988, and 1989-1992 in the whole of Japan were calculated, using data obtained from the Ministry of Health and Welfare. The numbers of @entity0 screened by HPLC in the cohorts were estimated through the reports of the Ministry of Health and Welfare and the database of the Japanese Society for Mass-screening. The mortality of the cohort born in 1989-1992, in which 77.8% of the live births were screened by HPLC, was 1.73 per 100,000 live births. This is about half of that (3.26) of the cohort born in 1979-1984, in which few @entity0 were screened. On the assumption that cases of the 1985-1988 and 1989-1992 cohorts died according to the mortality rate of the 1979-1984 cohort, the expected numbers of @entity1 were estimated; that for the 1985-1988 cohort was 178.51 (of them, that for the @entity0 screened by HPLC was 39.65), and that for the 1989-1992 cohort was 159.78 (of them, that for the @entity0 screened by HPLC was 124.33). The observed numbers of @entity1 were 145 and 85, respectively. Assuming that non-HPLC methods have no effects and using 2 unknown quantities x (contribution of HPLC) and y (other factors), simultaneous equations (1) 178.51 - 39.65x - 178.51y = 145 and (2) 159.78 - 124.33x - 159.78y = 85 were made. Solving them, x = 0.5041 and y = 0.0757 were obtained. In conclusion HPLC screening targeting @entity0 aged 6 months @entity1 at 1-4 years of age by about 50%.

title: Contribution of HPLC mass screening for XXXX to a decrease in mortality.

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: The outcome of two @entity0 with @entity4 after spinal surgery was evaluated after follow-up for 9 and 16 years. OBJECTIVE: To report on a new phenomenon of anteroposterior dissociation of the vertebrae in @entity4 . To demonstrate that it can be visualized before surgery with imaging and also seen intraoperatively. To show that the neurologic recovery after surgery is sustained and to review the technical reasons for the difficulties in achieving a surgical fusion. The critical role of CT scanning will be illustrated. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The results of preoperative and postoperative radiologic investigations and intraoperative findings are presented to support this new phenomenon. METHODS: Two @entity0 underwent multiple spinal surgeries because of a deteriorating @entity3 clinical status. Intraoperatively, anteroposterior dissociation was documented in both @entity0 . There was great difficulty in obtaining a surgical fusion, and an unusually long circumferential fusion was eventually necessary to obtain stability. Prolonged halo-vest immobilization was essential. RESULTS: Neurologic recovery was sustained over time, and the @entity1 did not deteriorate. CONCLUSION: Awareness of this phenomenon is essential to the management of @entity1 in @entity4 when presenting with @entity2 . Special features in the radiologic workup should be sought after so as to plan staged surgical procedures. Conventional principles of planning of fusion levels are inadequate. Early treatment is advocated, as the neurologic compromise is reversible.

title: Congenital anteroposterior spinal dissociation in XXXX : report on two operated cases with long-term follow-up.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Chemotherapy with @entity8 and low-dose @entity5 was tested for the treatment of metastatic @entity2 showing resistance to @entity7 . Eleven consecutive @entity0 with advanced metastatic @entity2 (performance status: 0 to 2), who had shown @entity1 progression on chemotherapy with @entity7 / @entity9 , were treated with @entity8 (60 mg/m2) plus @entity5 (6 mg/m2) by 90-min intravenous infusion. Treatment was repeated weekly for 3 weeks during admission and then fortnightly on an outpatient basis. Objective responses were observed in four @entity0 (36%; 95% confidence interval: 11%-69%). The median duration of response was 5.5 months and six @entity0 are still alive. The time to disease progression was longer in the no change group (7.0+/-3.6 months: mean +/- SD) than in the responder group (5.5+/-1.9 months), and there was no difference of median survival between the two groups (10.0 versus 10.3 months). The overall median survival was 8.2 months (range: 4 to 12+ months). This treatment was well tolerated. Six @entity0 experienced grade 1 or 2 @entity6 , while grade I @entity3 and @entity4 occurred in three and five @entity0 , respectively. Based on the good response, excellent quality of life, and convenience, the present regimen seems to be reasonable second-line outpatient chemotherapy for @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 showing resistance to @entity7 .

title: Outpatient therapy with @entity8 and low-dose XXXX for metastatic @entity2 resistant to @entity7 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: Chemotherapy with @entity8 and low-dose @entity5 was tested for the treatment of metastatic @entity2 showing resistance to @entity7 . Eleven consecutive @entity0 with advanced metastatic @entity2 (performance status: 0 to 2), who had shown @entity1 progression on chemotherapy with @entity7 / @entity9 , were treated with @entity8 (60 mg/m2) plus @entity5 (6 mg/m2) by 90-min intravenous infusion. Treatment was repeated weekly for 3 weeks during admission and then fortnightly on an outpatient basis. Objective responses were observed in four @entity0 (36%; 95% confidence interval: 11%-69%). The median duration of response was 5.5 months and six @entity0 are still alive. The time to disease progression was longer in the no change group (7.0+/-3.6 months: mean +/- SD) than in the responder group (5.5+/-1.9 months), and there was no difference of median survival between the two groups (10.0 versus 10.3 months). The overall median survival was 8.2 months (range: 4 to 12+ months). This treatment was well tolerated. Six @entity0 experienced grade 1 or 2 @entity6 , while grade I @entity3 and @entity4 occurred in three and five @entity0 , respectively. Based on the good response, excellent quality of life, and convenience, the present regimen seems to be reasonable second-line outpatient chemotherapy for @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 showing resistance to @entity7 .

title: Outpatient therapy with @entity8 and low-dose @entity5 for metastatic XXXX resistant to @entity7 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Chemotherapy with @entity8 and low-dose @entity5 was tested for the treatment of metastatic @entity2 showing resistance to @entity7 . Eleven consecutive @entity0 with advanced metastatic @entity2 (performance status: 0 to 2), who had shown @entity1 progression on chemotherapy with @entity7 / @entity9 , were treated with @entity8 (60 mg/m2) plus @entity5 (6 mg/m2) by 90-min intravenous infusion. Treatment was repeated weekly for 3 weeks during admission and then fortnightly on an outpatient basis. Objective responses were observed in four @entity0 (36%; 95% confidence interval: 11%-69%). The median duration of response was 5.5 months and six @entity0 are still alive. The time to disease progression was longer in the no change group (7.0+/-3.6 months: mean +/- SD) than in the responder group (5.5+/-1.9 months), and there was no difference of median survival between the two groups (10.0 versus 10.3 months). The overall median survival was 8.2 months (range: 4 to 12+ months). This treatment was well tolerated. Six @entity0 experienced grade 1 or 2 @entity6 , while grade I @entity3 and @entity4 occurred in three and five @entity0 , respectively. Based on the good response, excellent quality of life, and convenience, the present regimen seems to be reasonable second-line outpatient chemotherapy for @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 showing resistance to @entity7 .

title: Outpatient therapy with @entity8 and low-dose @entity5 for metastatic @entity2 resistant to XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Chemotherapy with @entity8 and low-dose @entity5 was tested for the treatment of metastatic @entity2 showing resistance to @entity7 . Eleven consecutive @entity0 with advanced metastatic @entity2 (performance status: 0 to 2), who had shown @entity1 progression on chemotherapy with @entity7 / @entity9 , were treated with @entity8 (60 mg/m2) plus @entity5 (6 mg/m2) by 90-min intravenous infusion. Treatment was repeated weekly for 3 weeks during admission and then fortnightly on an outpatient basis. Objective responses were observed in four @entity0 (36%; 95% confidence interval: 11%-69%). The median duration of response was 5.5 months and six @entity0 are still alive. The time to disease progression was longer in the no change group (7.0+/-3.6 months: mean +/- SD) than in the responder group (5.5+/-1.9 months), and there was no difference of median survival between the two groups (10.0 versus 10.3 months). The overall median survival was 8.2 months (range: 4 to 12+ months). This treatment was well tolerated. Six @entity0 experienced grade 1 or 2 @entity6 , while grade I @entity3 and @entity4 occurred in three and five @entity0 , respectively. Based on the good response, excellent quality of life, and convenience, the present regimen seems to be reasonable second-line outpatient chemotherapy for @entity0 with metastatic @entity2 showing resistance to @entity7 .

title: Outpatient therapy with XXXX and low-dose @entity5 for metastatic @entity2 resistant to @entity7 .

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To analyze pathologic and clinical features in @entity0 with @entity7 ( @entity7 ) in a reference hospital in Mexico City, and to evaluate the variety of treatments chosen. METHODS: @entity0 with @entity7 between 1975 and 2000. Those with histological diagnosis of @entity7 confirmed by endoscopic biopsy or gastrectomies were eligible for inclusion in the study. The study was retrolective. RESULTS: Forty-two @entity0 (21 M, and 21 F) with an average age of 57 years (between 20 and 80 years). The major clinical findings were no weight loss in 31 @entity0 (73%), @entity3 in 24 @entity0 (57%), @entity2 in 19 @entity0 (45%), and early satiety in 15 @entity0 (36%). The endoscopic findings were gastric folds in 21 (50%), thickening of gastrics folds in 13 (31%) and @entity1 in eight @entity0 (19%). We found @entity5 in 14 of 16 endoscopic biopsies (87%). High @entity4 were found in 29 @entity0 (69%) and @entity6 in 13 (31%). The clinical stage according to the Staging Classification from the Fifth International Conference on @entity4 (1993) was 15 @entity0 in stage I (36%), 14 @entity0 in stage II1 (33%). Five @entity0 in stage IV (12%), six @entity0 in stage IIE (14) and one @entity0 in stages II and II2 (2%). The treatment chosen before 1990 was surgery with or without chemotherapy no matter the grade of @entity1 , in contrast with the later decade in which solely eradication of @entity5 was successfully to cure the disease. In high @entity4 , treatment was surgery and chemotherapy for reviewing the study, most @entity0 were alive and without disease. CONCLUSIONS: In the study, most @entity4 were localized in the stomach of perigastric lymph nodes. The most frequent clinical stages were stages I and II1 (36 and 33%, respectively), and their response was successful to all treatments even though most @entity0 were high graded and treated differently.

title: [Primary XXXX . Clinico-pathologic features of a Mexican series].

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was the development and evaluation of an anhydrous @entity1 -based @entity4 gel in order to study the stability of the @entity0 /water-sensitive agent @entity2 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: Various @entity4 polymers were investigated rheologically at concentrations of 0.25-1% using a Brookfield viscometer in order to evaluate their ability to form anhydrous @entity1 -based formulations. The addition of @entity5 was evaluated in order to create a gel that can be utilized for the incorporation of more lipophilic compounds. The suitability of standard neutralizers and their useful concentrations were determined to develop guidelines for formulation optimization. An accelerated stability study was performed at 50 degrees C to evaluate the degradation of @entity3 in an anhydrous @entity1 gel. RESULTS: It was found that @entity4 974 is the most efficient thickener for anhydrous @entity1 formulations. In contrast to aqueous gels, anhydrous gels are formed without the addition of neutralizers. The rank-order viscosity of the nonneutralized gels studied was 974 > 971 > 981 > Pemulen TR-2 approximately 980. The addition of neutralizers resulted in a further increase in gel viscosity, with a maximum being reached at a concentration of approximately 0.5% w/w. The incorporation of @entity5 resulted in a concentration-dependent loss of gel viscosity. The stability data showed that no degradation of @entity3 had occurred. CONCLUSION: It was shown that anhydrous @entity1 -based @entity4 gels can be prepared without the need for neutralization. Such vehicles are promising for the incorporation of @entity0 /water-sensitive drugs.

title: Anhydrous @entity4 polymer gels for the topical delivery of XXXX /water sensitive compounds.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was the development and evaluation of an anhydrous @entity1 -based @entity4 gel in order to study the stability of the @entity0 /water-sensitive agent @entity2 ( @entity3 ). METHODS: Various @entity4 polymers were investigated rheologically at concentrations of 0.25-1% using a Brookfield viscometer in order to evaluate their ability to form anhydrous @entity1 -based formulations. The addition of @entity5 was evaluated in order to create a gel that can be utilized for the incorporation of more lipophilic compounds. The suitability of standard neutralizers and their useful concentrations were determined to develop guidelines for formulation optimization. An accelerated stability study was performed at 50 degrees C to evaluate the degradation of @entity3 in an anhydrous @entity1 gel. RESULTS: It was found that @entity4 974 is the most efficient thickener for anhydrous @entity1 formulations. In contrast to aqueous gels, anhydrous gels are formed without the addition of neutralizers. The rank-order viscosity of the nonneutralized gels studied was 974 > 971 > 981 > Pemulen TR-2 approximately 980. The addition of neutralizers resulted in a further increase in gel viscosity, with a maximum being reached at a concentration of approximately 0.5% w/w. The incorporation of @entity5 resulted in a concentration-dependent loss of gel viscosity. The stability data showed that no degradation of @entity3 had occurred. CONCLUSION: It was shown that anhydrous @entity1 -based @entity4 gels can be prepared without the need for neutralization. Such vehicles are promising for the incorporation of @entity0 /water-sensitive drugs.

title: Anhydrous XXXX polymer gels for the topical delivery of @entity0 /water sensitive compounds.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Shoulder surgery is very often followed by severe @entity1 . Loco-regional anaesthesia has greatly contributed as a solution of this problem. Nevertheless most of surgery is still performed under general anaesthesia. In this case many different methods have been proposed in order to mitigate @entity1 . Intra-articular administration of local anaesthetics after shoulder surgery is not yet in routinely clinical practice. In this study efficacy of intra-articular administration of @entity4 versus @entity3 has been evaluated. Analysis of results showed both drugs to share the same effectiveness within four hours postoperatively. In subsequent period (6-24 hours) @entity4 demonstrated to provide a statistically significant better @entity1 relief. Furthermore @entity4 group @entity0 needed postoperative analgesics to a lesser extent than @entity3 group. The long-losting satisfactory level of @entity2 , particularly with @entity4 , could recommend the use of intra-articular @entity2 even for day-hospital or one-day surgery procedures.

title: Intra-articular XXXX following arthroscopic surgery of the shoulder.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity7 and ossification occurs with a number of systemic and pulmonary conditions. Specific symptoms are often lacking, but @entity7 may be a marker of disease severity and its chronicity. Pathophysiologic states predisposing to @entity7 include @entity8 , a local alkaline environment, and previous @entity5 . Factors such as enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, active angiogenesis, and mitogenic effects of growth factors may also contribute. The clinical classification of @entity7 includes both @entity7 , in which @entity4 deposits in previously normal lung or @entity7 , which occurs in previously injured lung. @entity3 can be idiopathic or can result from a variety of underlying pulmonary, cardiac, or @entity0 . The diagnosis of @entity7 requires various imaging techniques, including chest radiography, computed tomographic scanning, and bone scintigraphy. Interpretation of the presence of and the specific pattern of @entity7 or ossification may obviate the need for invasive biopsy. In this review, specific conditions causing @entity7 or ossification that may impact diagnostic and treatment decisions are highlighted. These include @entity7 caused by @entity1 and orthotopic liver transplantation, @entity7 caused by @entity0 , DNA viruses, @entity2 , @entity9 , @entity6 , the @entity0 @entity10 , and various forms of @entity3 .

title: XXXX deposition with or without bone formation in the lung.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Despite recognised advantages of laparoscopy, the damage of extrahepatic bile ducts during cholecystectomy is a subject of ongoing discussions, as such injuries are more frequent comparing with open surgery. MATERIAL/METHODS: The analysis included 6873 @entity0 who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The study group comprised both the @entity0 after elective surgery due to symptomatic @entity7 and @entity0 after emergency procedures necessitated by acute @entity6 . RESULTS: Common bile duct was damaged in 9 @entity0 . Five @entity0 had their main bile duct transected, in 2 @entity0 it was partial excision, and in the other 2 subjects - puncture damage with electrocoagulation took place. In seven cases, the damage was diagnosed still during laparoscopy and conversion to open surgery was performed. In two subjects the damage was diagnosed in postoperative period and it was subsequently confirmed by ERCP. Reconstructive surgery included: CBD suturing with interrupted stitches, end-to-end @entity1 over T-tube and Roux-en-Y bilioenteric @entity1 . Good postoperative outcome was obtained in 6 @entity0 . One subject required repeated endoscopic dilatation and placement due to recurrent @entity2 . Two @entity0 died due to upper @entity3 and @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 remains a dangerous complication following cholecystectomy. It is more likely to occur in case of anomalous anatomy of bile ducts, inflammatory or malignant infiltration and technical errors of an operating surgeon. It is very important to diagnose the damage early enough, preferably still during laparoscopy. Imaging investigations (ultrasound, ERCP, MRCP, cholangiography) may be helpful in establishing the diagnosis during the postoperative period.

title: XXXX during laparoscopic cholecystectomy -- own material.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10 is a very rare disease caused by @entity2 with @entity9 producing cells accompanied by hypergastrinemia leading to @entity6 . CASE STUDY: Female case of @entity8 ( @entity10 ; Z-E) with a record of 38 yrs of survival. Acute @entity7 started at 28 yr of age and Z-E was diagnosed by using @entity9 assays. Basal and maximal acid outputs and ratio of basal/maximal outputs were away over normal limits. Because of @entity4 recurrence and complications, @entity0 was subjected to several gastric surgeries but refused total gastrectomy. She was also treated with many H2-receptor (R) antagonists and proton-pump inhibitors (PPI), each new drug being initially highly effective but then showing declining efficacy except when PPI, @entity11 was used. The @entity9 level rose in the course of disease from initial high value of 2000 pg/mL to the extreme 4500 ng/mL at present. During the last 2 yrs, @entity1 mainly to liver developed and they were successfully treated by synthetic octapeptide derivative of @entity5 and, as a result, metastatis partly reduced and plasma @entity9 drasticly decreased. Biopsy taken from liver @entity1 showed the presence of typical @entity8 cells with @entity9 and chromogranin, while that from oxyntic mucosa revealed the ECL-cell hyperplasia with @entity2 and unexpected @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: This phenomenal case described in this article might be the new proven evidence needed by gastroenterologists to overturn the traditional treatment using total gastrectomy as a treatment of choice to the partial gastrectomy combined with proton pump inhibitors.

title: Case presentation of @entity8 combined with @entity3 with the longest survival record -- XXXX : pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy.

answer: @entity10


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10 is a very rare disease caused by @entity2 with @entity9 producing cells accompanied by hypergastrinemia leading to @entity6 . CASE STUDY: Female case of @entity8 ( @entity10 ; Z-E) with a record of 38 yrs of survival. Acute @entity7 started at 28 yr of age and Z-E was diagnosed by using @entity9 assays. Basal and maximal acid outputs and ratio of basal/maximal outputs were away over normal limits. Because of @entity4 recurrence and complications, @entity0 was subjected to several gastric surgeries but refused total gastrectomy. She was also treated with many H2-receptor (R) antagonists and proton-pump inhibitors (PPI), each new drug being initially highly effective but then showing declining efficacy except when PPI, @entity11 was used. The @entity9 level rose in the course of disease from initial high value of 2000 pg/mL to the extreme 4500 ng/mL at present. During the last 2 yrs, @entity1 mainly to liver developed and they were successfully treated by synthetic octapeptide derivative of @entity5 and, as a result, metastatis partly reduced and plasma @entity9 drasticly decreased. Biopsy taken from liver @entity1 showed the presence of typical @entity8 cells with @entity9 and chromogranin, while that from oxyntic mucosa revealed the ECL-cell hyperplasia with @entity2 and unexpected @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: This phenomenal case described in this article might be the new proven evidence needed by gastroenterologists to overturn the traditional treatment using total gastrectomy as a treatment of choice to the partial gastrectomy combined with proton pump inhibitors.

title: Case presentation of @entity8 combined with XXXX with the longest survival record -- @entity10 : pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity10 is a very rare disease caused by @entity2 with @entity9 producing cells accompanied by hypergastrinemia leading to @entity6 . CASE STUDY: Female case of @entity8 ( @entity10 ; Z-E) with a record of 38 yrs of survival. Acute @entity7 started at 28 yr of age and Z-E was diagnosed by using @entity9 assays. Basal and maximal acid outputs and ratio of basal/maximal outputs were away over normal limits. Because of @entity4 recurrence and complications, @entity0 was subjected to several gastric surgeries but refused total gastrectomy. She was also treated with many H2-receptor (R) antagonists and proton-pump inhibitors (PPI), each new drug being initially highly effective but then showing declining efficacy except when PPI, @entity11 was used. The @entity9 level rose in the course of disease from initial high value of 2000 pg/mL to the extreme 4500 ng/mL at present. During the last 2 yrs, @entity1 mainly to liver developed and they were successfully treated by synthetic octapeptide derivative of @entity5 and, as a result, metastatis partly reduced and plasma @entity9 drasticly decreased. Biopsy taken from liver @entity1 showed the presence of typical @entity8 cells with @entity9 and chromogranin, while that from oxyntic mucosa revealed the ECL-cell hyperplasia with @entity2 and unexpected @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: This phenomenal case described in this article might be the new proven evidence needed by gastroenterologists to overturn the traditional treatment using total gastrectomy as a treatment of choice to the partial gastrectomy combined with proton pump inhibitors.

title: Case presentation of XXXX combined with @entity3 with the longest survival record -- @entity10 : pathophysiology, diagnosis and therapy.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The use of @entity1 and @entity6 is well established for identifying airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) but the AHR to these agents is not specific for @entity4 diagnosis. Further, these agents do not identify or exclude exercise-induced @entity4 (EIA) so they are inappropriate for some occupational and sporting assessments. Measurement of AHR by pharmacological agents has other limitations in that a positive response does not necessarily identify a @entity0 who will respond to inhaled @entity3 and responses do not differentiate between doses of @entity3 . As most asthmatics remain hyperresponsive to these agents after treatment they have not been useful for guiding @entity2 dose reduction. Bronchial provocation tests (BPTs) with physical stimuli such as exercise, eucapnic @entity7 and hypertonic saline have provided useful information on presence and severity of @entity4 and EIA. These tests however, can be time consuming and require more resources compared with the pharmacological tests. To simplify testing, a challenge has been developed that uses a dry powder of @entity5 administered from a simple hand-held device. The @entity5 is given in increasing doses from capsules containing from 5 mg to 40 mg. @entity5 responsiveness identifies @entity0 with EIA and those who will respond to inhaled @entity3 . @entity5 responsiveness is reduced following treatment with inhaled @entity3 , and some subjects become unresponsive within 6 to 8 weeks. Responsiveness to @entity5 can be used to predict risk of exacerbation during back titration of @entity3 . Should this BPT become more readily available it would be the first to provide a common operating standard for use in the laboratory, office, or field.

title: Bronchial provocation tests: the rationale for using inhaled XXXX as a test for airway hyperresponsiveness.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess whether @entity2 surgery in older @entity0 increases risk for the development of late-stage age-related @entity3 (ARM). DESIGN: Combined analysis of longitudinal data from two population-based cohorts, the Beaver Dam Eye Study and Blue Mountains Eye Study. @entity0 : The Beaver Dam Eye Study examined 4926 @entity0 aged 43 years or older at baseline and re-examined 3684 after 5 years. The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 @entity0 aged 49 years or older at baseline and re-examined 2335 after 5 years. METHODS: The two studies used similar protocols for retinal photography and photographic grading. We defined incident late-stage ARM as the development of @entity3 or @entity4 without either lesion type at baseline that was confirmed by consensus between the study investigators. Nonphakic eyes included eyes that were aphakic or pseudophakic at baseline. Eye-specific data were analyzed. Age- and study site-adjusted relative risks were calculated using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were also estimated using generalized estimating equation models. RESULTS: Of the 6019 @entity0 examined after 5 years, 11,391 eyes were considered at risk for developing late-stage ARM, including 315 nonphakic and 11,076 phakic eyes. Late-state ARM (either @entity3 or @entity4 ) developed in 6.0% to 7.5% of nonphakic eyes (10 of 168 right and 11 of 147 left eyes), compared with 0.7% of phakic eyes (40 of 5504 right and 37 of 5572 left eyes) during the 5-year period. Age- and study site-adjusted 5-year relative risks were 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-5.1) for right and 3.7 (95% CI, 2.1-6.4) for left eyes. After further adjustment for gender, smoking, and the presence of indistinct or reticular drusen or @entity1 at baseline, nonphakic eyes had a substantially higher risk for developing either late-stage ARM lesion compared with phakic eyes, OR = 5.7 (95% CI, 2.4-13.6). CONCLUSIONS: Pooled findings from these two large population-based cohorts support the hypothesis that @entity2 surgery in older @entity0 may be associated with an increased subsequent risk for developing late-stage ARM, particularly @entity3 .

title: XXXX surgery and the 5-year incidence of late-stage age-related @entity3 : pooled findings from the Beaver Dam and Blue Mountains eye studies.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: To assess whether @entity2 surgery in older @entity0 increases risk for the development of late-stage age-related @entity3 (ARM). DESIGN: Combined analysis of longitudinal data from two population-based cohorts, the Beaver Dam Eye Study and Blue Mountains Eye Study. @entity0 : The Beaver Dam Eye Study examined 4926 @entity0 aged 43 years or older at baseline and re-examined 3684 after 5 years. The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 3654 @entity0 aged 49 years or older at baseline and re-examined 2335 after 5 years. METHODS: The two studies used similar protocols for retinal photography and photographic grading. We defined incident late-stage ARM as the development of @entity3 or @entity4 without either lesion type at baseline that was confirmed by consensus between the study investigators. Nonphakic eyes included eyes that were aphakic or pseudophakic at baseline. Eye-specific data were analyzed. Age- and study site-adjusted relative risks were calculated using the Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel method. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were also estimated using generalized estimating equation models. RESULTS: Of the 6019 @entity0 examined after 5 years, 11,391 eyes were considered at risk for developing late-stage ARM, including 315 nonphakic and 11,076 phakic eyes. Late-state ARM (either @entity3 or @entity4 ) developed in 6.0% to 7.5% of nonphakic eyes (10 of 168 right and 11 of 147 left eyes), compared with 0.7% of phakic eyes (40 of 5504 right and 37 of 5572 left eyes) during the 5-year period. Age- and study site-adjusted 5-year relative risks were 2.8 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-5.1) for right and 3.7 (95% CI, 2.1-6.4) for left eyes. After further adjustment for gender, smoking, and the presence of indistinct or reticular drusen or @entity1 at baseline, nonphakic eyes had a substantially higher risk for developing either late-stage ARM lesion compared with phakic eyes, OR = 5.7 (95% CI, 2.4-13.6). CONCLUSIONS: Pooled findings from these two large population-based cohorts support the hypothesis that @entity2 surgery in older @entity0 may be associated with an increased subsequent risk for developing late-stage ARM, particularly @entity3 .

title: @entity2 surgery and the 5-year incidence of late-stage age-related XXXX : pooled findings from the Beaver Dam and Blue Mountains eye studies.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The @entity0 gene family of @entity1 consists of eight genes ( @entity2 to ALS7 and @entity3 ) that encode cell-wall glycoproteins involved in adhesion to host surfaces. Considerable allelic sequence variability has been documented for regions of @entity0 genes encoding repeated sequences. Although regions of @entity0 genes encoding non-repeated sequences tend to be more conserved, some sequence divergence has been noted, particularly for alleles of ALS5. Data from the @entity1 genome sequencing project provided the first indication that strain SC5314 encoded two divergent @entity3 -like sequences and that three of the @entity0 genes (ALS5, @entity2 ) were contiguous on chromosome 6. Data from PCR analysis and construction of both single and double deletion mutants indicated that the divergent sequences were alleles of @entity3 , and located downstream of ALS5 and @entity2 . Sequences within the 5' domain of @entity3 -1 and @entity3 -2 varied by 11 %. Within the 3' domain of each allele, extra nucleotides were present in two regions of @entity3 -2, designated Variable Block 1 (VB1) and Variable Block 2 (VB2). Analysis of strains from the five major @entity1 genetic clades showed that both @entity3 alleles are widespread among these strains, that the sequences of @entity3 -1 and @entity3 -2 are conserved among diverse strains and that recombinant @entity3 alleles have been generated during @entity1 evolution. Phylogenetic analysis showed that, although divergent in sequence, @entity3 alleles are more similar to each other than to any other @entity0 genes. The degree of sequence divergence for @entity3 greatly exceeds that observed previously for other @entity0 genes and may result in functional differences for the proteins encoded by the two alleles.

title: Allelic variation in the contiguous loci encoding @entity1 ALS5, XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The @entity0 gene family of @entity1 consists of eight genes ( @entity2 to ALS7 and @entity3 ) that encode cell-wall glycoproteins involved in adhesion to host surfaces. Considerable allelic sequence variability has been documented for regions of @entity0 genes encoding repeated sequences. Although regions of @entity0 genes encoding non-repeated sequences tend to be more conserved, some sequence divergence has been noted, particularly for alleles of ALS5. Data from the @entity1 genome sequencing project provided the first indication that strain SC5314 encoded two divergent @entity3 -like sequences and that three of the @entity0 genes (ALS5, @entity2 ) were contiguous on chromosome 6. Data from PCR analysis and construction of both single and double deletion mutants indicated that the divergent sequences were alleles of @entity3 , and located downstream of ALS5 and @entity2 . Sequences within the 5' domain of @entity3 -1 and @entity3 -2 varied by 11 %. Within the 3' domain of each allele, extra nucleotides were present in two regions of @entity3 -2, designated Variable Block 1 (VB1) and Variable Block 2 (VB2). Analysis of strains from the five major @entity1 genetic clades showed that both @entity3 alleles are widespread among these strains, that the sequences of @entity3 -1 and @entity3 -2 are conserved among diverse strains and that recombinant @entity3 alleles have been generated during @entity1 evolution. Phylogenetic analysis showed that, although divergent in sequence, @entity3 alleles are more similar to each other than to any other @entity0 genes. The degree of sequence divergence for @entity3 greatly exceeds that observed previously for other @entity0 genes and may result in functional differences for the proteins encoded by the two alleles.

title: Allelic variation in the contiguous loci encoding XXXX ALS5, @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: In ruminants, the production of @entity4 by the endometrium is critical for recognition of pregnancy. In the absence of an embryonic signal, luteolytic pulses of PGF(2 alpha) are released by the uterus. In contrast, the presence of a viable conceptus reduces the production of PGF(2 alpha) relative to @entity2 and prevents luteolysis through the release of trophoblastic interferon ( @entity9 ). Initially, it was thought that epithelial and stromal endometrial cells were specialized in the production of a single type of @entity5 . However, purified cell populations of both types of cell can produce PGF(2 alpha) and @entity2 ; therefore, selective production of PGF(2 alpha) and @entity2 must be regulated within each type of cell. Two distinct @entity5 synthases, @entity8 and @entity10 , are involved in @entity5 production and each may catalyse the production of a different @entity5 . This possibility was investigated in cultured epithelial cells from @entity0 endometrium. Cells were treated with @entity1 or @entity3 , and expression of @entity8 and @entity10 proteins was monitored over time and correlated with @entity5 accumulation. Cells were also treated with increasing doses of inhibitors of @entity8 or @entity10 (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; NSAIDs) with or without @entity3 or @entity1 : @entity7 (0-50 micromol l(-1)) was used as a non-selective inhibitor; @entity11 (0-500 micromol l(-1)) was used as a @entity8 inhibitor and @entity6 (0-1 micromol l(-1)) was used as a @entity10 inhibitor. After stimulation with @entity3 or @entity1 , @entity5 production and expression of @entity10 protein were increased. All inhibitors were able to block basal and stimulated @entity5 production. These results indicate that in endometrium most, if not all, @entity5 production is probably processed through @entity10 .

title: Evaluation of the contribution of @entity8 and XXXX to the production of @entity2 and PGF2 alpha in epithelial cells from @entity0 endometrium.

answer: @entity10


abstract: In ruminants, the production of @entity4 by the endometrium is critical for recognition of pregnancy. In the absence of an embryonic signal, luteolytic pulses of PGF(2 alpha) are released by the uterus. In contrast, the presence of a viable conceptus reduces the production of PGF(2 alpha) relative to @entity2 and prevents luteolysis through the release of trophoblastic interferon ( @entity9 ). Initially, it was thought that epithelial and stromal endometrial cells were specialized in the production of a single type of @entity5 . However, purified cell populations of both types of cell can produce PGF(2 alpha) and @entity2 ; therefore, selective production of PGF(2 alpha) and @entity2 must be regulated within each type of cell. Two distinct @entity5 synthases, @entity8 and @entity10 , are involved in @entity5 production and each may catalyse the production of a different @entity5 . This possibility was investigated in cultured epithelial cells from @entity0 endometrium. Cells were treated with @entity1 or @entity3 , and expression of @entity8 and @entity10 proteins was monitored over time and correlated with @entity5 accumulation. Cells were also treated with increasing doses of inhibitors of @entity8 or @entity10 (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; NSAIDs) with or without @entity3 or @entity1 : @entity7 (0-50 micromol l(-1)) was used as a non-selective inhibitor; @entity11 (0-500 micromol l(-1)) was used as a @entity8 inhibitor and @entity6 (0-1 micromol l(-1)) was used as a @entity10 inhibitor. After stimulation with @entity3 or @entity1 , @entity5 production and expression of @entity10 protein were increased. All inhibitors were able to block basal and stimulated @entity5 production. These results indicate that in endometrium most, if not all, @entity5 production is probably processed through @entity10 .

title: Evaluation of the contribution of @entity8 and @entity10 to the production of XXXX and PGF2 alpha in epithelial cells from @entity0 endometrium.

answer: @entity2


abstract: In ruminants, the production of @entity4 by the endometrium is critical for recognition of pregnancy. In the absence of an embryonic signal, luteolytic pulses of PGF(2 alpha) are released by the uterus. In contrast, the presence of a viable conceptus reduces the production of PGF(2 alpha) relative to @entity2 and prevents luteolysis through the release of trophoblastic interferon ( @entity9 ). Initially, it was thought that epithelial and stromal endometrial cells were specialized in the production of a single type of @entity5 . However, purified cell populations of both types of cell can produce PGF(2 alpha) and @entity2 ; therefore, selective production of PGF(2 alpha) and @entity2 must be regulated within each type of cell. Two distinct @entity5 synthases, @entity8 and @entity10 , are involved in @entity5 production and each may catalyse the production of a different @entity5 . This possibility was investigated in cultured epithelial cells from @entity0 endometrium. Cells were treated with @entity1 or @entity3 , and expression of @entity8 and @entity10 proteins was monitored over time and correlated with @entity5 accumulation. Cells were also treated with increasing doses of inhibitors of @entity8 or @entity10 (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; NSAIDs) with or without @entity3 or @entity1 : @entity7 (0-50 micromol l(-1)) was used as a non-selective inhibitor; @entity11 (0-500 micromol l(-1)) was used as a @entity8 inhibitor and @entity6 (0-1 micromol l(-1)) was used as a @entity10 inhibitor. After stimulation with @entity3 or @entity1 , @entity5 production and expression of @entity10 protein were increased. All inhibitors were able to block basal and stimulated @entity5 production. These results indicate that in endometrium most, if not all, @entity5 production is probably processed through @entity10 .

title: Evaluation of the contribution of @entity8 and @entity10 to the production of @entity2 and PGF2 alpha in epithelial cells from XXXX endometrium.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In ruminants, the production of @entity4 by the endometrium is critical for recognition of pregnancy. In the absence of an embryonic signal, luteolytic pulses of PGF(2 alpha) are released by the uterus. In contrast, the presence of a viable conceptus reduces the production of PGF(2 alpha) relative to @entity2 and prevents luteolysis through the release of trophoblastic interferon ( @entity9 ). Initially, it was thought that epithelial and stromal endometrial cells were specialized in the production of a single type of @entity5 . However, purified cell populations of both types of cell can produce PGF(2 alpha) and @entity2 ; therefore, selective production of PGF(2 alpha) and @entity2 must be regulated within each type of cell. Two distinct @entity5 synthases, @entity8 and @entity10 , are involved in @entity5 production and each may catalyse the production of a different @entity5 . This possibility was investigated in cultured epithelial cells from @entity0 endometrium. Cells were treated with @entity1 or @entity3 , and expression of @entity8 and @entity10 proteins was monitored over time and correlated with @entity5 accumulation. Cells were also treated with increasing doses of inhibitors of @entity8 or @entity10 (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; NSAIDs) with or without @entity3 or @entity1 : @entity7 (0-50 micromol l(-1)) was used as a non-selective inhibitor; @entity11 (0-500 micromol l(-1)) was used as a @entity8 inhibitor and @entity6 (0-1 micromol l(-1)) was used as a @entity10 inhibitor. After stimulation with @entity3 or @entity1 , @entity5 production and expression of @entity10 protein were increased. All inhibitors were able to block basal and stimulated @entity5 production. These results indicate that in endometrium most, if not all, @entity5 production is probably processed through @entity10 .

title: Evaluation of the contribution of XXXX and @entity10 to the production of @entity2 and PGF2 alpha in epithelial cells from @entity0 endometrium.

answer: @entity8


abstract: BACKGROUND: There is an increasing focus on the impact of psychosocial factors and stressors on the course of @entity1 . The life event research has revealed many biases and the results are conflicting. In a prospective study we examined the relationship between life events and affective phases in a group of @entity1 @entity0 with a long duration of the disease. METHODS: A group of @entity0 with at least three admissions to hospital for @entity1 was followed every 3 months for up to 3 years. At each examination an evaluation of affective phase was made according to the Hamilton Depression Scale, the Newcastle Depression Rating Scale and the Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Rating Scale. Moreover, the @entity0 were rated according to the Paykel Life Events Scale. Their current medical treatment was noted. RESULTS: Fifty-six @entity0 (19 @entity0 and 37 @entity0 ) were included in the study. @entity0 experienced a significantly higher number of life events than @entity0 . In 21% of the 353 examinations of @entity0 , a new phase was preceded by life events whereas this was the case only in 8% of the 152 examinations of @entity0 . In 13% of the male examinations the @entity0 were in a @entity1 phase and in 5% in a @entity2 phase. In 5% of the female examinations the @entity0 were in a @entity1 phase and in 15% in a @entity2 phase. Half of the @entity0 's @entity2 phases were preceded by life events, but none of the @entity2 phases of @entity0 . The categories of life events preceding the @entity2 phases presented a significant overweight of somatic ill health and conflicts in the family. CONCLUSION: We found a gender difference in the course of @entity1 , as @entity0 had a significantly higher number of @entity2 than @entity0 and @entity0 had a higher number of @entity1 episodes than @entity0 . In @entity1 @entity0 with long duration of disease a significant number of @entity2 in @entity0 were preceded by negative life events. Somatic health problems and conflicts in the family were significant factors preceding new @entity2 phases.

title: Life events and onset of a new phase in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Peripheral blood (PB)-derived @entity11 + monocytes were shown to transdifferentiate into endothelial cell (EC) lineage cells and contribute to neovascularization. We investigated whether bone marrow (BM)- or PB-derived @entity7 -/ @entity11 + cells are involved in reendothelialization after @entity2 . Although neither @entity5 nor mesenchymal stem cells were included in @entity0 @entity11 + monocyte lineage cells (BM-MLCs), they expressed EC-specific markers ( @entity3 , @entity6 , @entity10 , and endoglin) to an extent identical to mature ECs. When BM-MLCs were cultured with vascular endothelial growth factors, @entity5 markers were drastically decreased and new EC-specific markers (Flk and @entity7 ) were induced. BM-MLCs were intra-arterially transplanted into balloon-injured arteries of athymic nude @entity1 . When BM-MLCs were activated by @entity9 ( @entity9 ) in vivo or in vitro, they adhered onto injured endothelium, differentiated into EC-like cells by losing @entity5 markers, and @entity4 . Ability to prevent neointimal @entity4 was more efficient than that of BM-derived @entity7 + cells. MCP-dependent adhesion was not observed in PB-derived @entity7 -/ @entity11 + monocytes. Regenerated endothelium exhibited a cobblestone appearance, blocked extravasation of dye, and induced NO-dependent vasorelaxation. Basal adhesive activities on HUVECs under laminar flow and @entity8 expression (basal and active forms) were significantly increased in BM-MLCs compared with PB-derived monocytes. @entity9 markedly enhanced adhesive activity of BM-MLCs (2.8-fold) on HUVECs by activating @entity8 conformation. Thus, BM-MLCs can function as EC progenitors that are more potent than @entity7 + cells and acquire the ability to adhere on injured endothelium in a @entity9 -dependent manner, leading to reendothelialization associated with inhibition of intimal @entity4 . This will open a novel window to @entity9 -mediated biological actions and vascular regeneration strategies by cell therapy.

title: Bone marrow monocyte lineage cells adhere on injured endothelium in a XXXX -dependent manner and accelerate reendothelialization as endothelial progenitor cells.

answer: @entity9


abstract: The in vivo effects of @entity1 and moxidectin on egg viability and larval development of @entity1 -resistant @entity2 were examined over time after anthelmintic treatment of @entity0 . Twenty merino @entity0 , (12 months old) were allocated to five treatment groups and infected with @entity1 -resistant @entity2 . Thirty one days later, the @entity0 were treated with intraruminal @entity1 capsules, oral @entity1 , oral moxidectin or injectable moxidectin at the manufacturer's recommended dosages, or left untreated. At various times up to 112 days after treatment, faecal egg counts (FEC) were determined and development rates of infective larvae (L3) cultured in faeces or on agar were measured. Eggs in faecal cultures from @entity1 capsule treated @entity0 showed reduced L3 development percentages in comparison to faecal cultures from untreated @entity0 . Eggs from @entity1 capsule treated @entity0 , isolated from faeces, and cultured on agar showed similar L3 development to eggs from control @entity0 . These results demonstrate an inhibitory effect of excreted @entity1 in faeces on larval development of @entity1 -resistant @entity2 . L3 development in faecal culture from animals receiving oral @entity1 were reduced for only 3 days after treatment. Faecal egg counts and development of L3 larvae in both culture systems from moxidectin treated @entity0 were low, due to the high efficacy of the drug. Egg counts in moxidectin treated @entity0 were reduced by approximately 90% 24h after treatment, before decreasing to almost 100% at 48h, suggesting that the current quarantine recommendation of holding @entity0 off pasture for 24h after treatment may still lead to some subsequent pasture contamination with worm eggs.

title: The effects of @entity1 and moxidectin on egg viability and larval development of @entity1 -resistant XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The in vivo effects of @entity1 and moxidectin on egg viability and larval development of @entity1 -resistant @entity2 were examined over time after anthelmintic treatment of @entity0 . Twenty merino @entity0 , (12 months old) were allocated to five treatment groups and infected with @entity1 -resistant @entity2 . Thirty one days later, the @entity0 were treated with intraruminal @entity1 capsules, oral @entity1 , oral moxidectin or injectable moxidectin at the manufacturer's recommended dosages, or left untreated. At various times up to 112 days after treatment, faecal egg counts (FEC) were determined and development rates of infective larvae (L3) cultured in faeces or on agar were measured. Eggs in faecal cultures from @entity1 capsule treated @entity0 showed reduced L3 development percentages in comparison to faecal cultures from untreated @entity0 . Eggs from @entity1 capsule treated @entity0 , isolated from faeces, and cultured on agar showed similar L3 development to eggs from control @entity0 . These results demonstrate an inhibitory effect of excreted @entity1 in faeces on larval development of @entity1 -resistant @entity2 . L3 development in faecal culture from animals receiving oral @entity1 were reduced for only 3 days after treatment. Faecal egg counts and development of L3 larvae in both culture systems from moxidectin treated @entity0 were low, due to the high efficacy of the drug. Egg counts in moxidectin treated @entity0 were reduced by approximately 90% 24h after treatment, before decreasing to almost 100% at 48h, suggesting that the current quarantine recommendation of holding @entity0 off pasture for 24h after treatment may still lead to some subsequent pasture contamination with worm eggs.

title: The effects of XXXX and moxidectin on egg viability and larval development of @entity1 -resistant @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: The in vivo effects of @entity1 and moxidectin on egg viability and larval development of @entity1 -resistant @entity2 were examined over time after anthelmintic treatment of @entity0 . Twenty merino @entity0 , (12 months old) were allocated to five treatment groups and infected with @entity1 -resistant @entity2 . Thirty one days later, the @entity0 were treated with intraruminal @entity1 capsules, oral @entity1 , oral moxidectin or injectable moxidectin at the manufacturer's recommended dosages, or left untreated. At various times up to 112 days after treatment, faecal egg counts (FEC) were determined and development rates of infective larvae (L3) cultured in faeces or on agar were measured. Eggs in faecal cultures from @entity1 capsule treated @entity0 showed reduced L3 development percentages in comparison to faecal cultures from untreated @entity0 . Eggs from @entity1 capsule treated @entity0 , isolated from faeces, and cultured on agar showed similar L3 development to eggs from control @entity0 . These results demonstrate an inhibitory effect of excreted @entity1 in faeces on larval development of @entity1 -resistant @entity2 . L3 development in faecal culture from animals receiving oral @entity1 were reduced for only 3 days after treatment. Faecal egg counts and development of L3 larvae in both culture systems from moxidectin treated @entity0 were low, due to the high efficacy of the drug. Egg counts in moxidectin treated @entity0 were reduced by approximately 90% 24h after treatment, before decreasing to almost 100% at 48h, suggesting that the current quarantine recommendation of holding @entity0 off pasture for 24h after treatment may still lead to some subsequent pasture contamination with worm eggs.

title: The effects of @entity1 and moxidectin on egg viability and larval development of XXXX -resistant @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to compare the outcome of @entity0 receiving hemorrhoidectomy using Harmonic Scalpel, @entity2 , and the conventional scissors excision-ligation technique. METHODS: Eighty-six @entity0 with irreducible prolapsing piles were randomly assigned to receive 1) Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy using scissors excision-ligation technique or 2) @entity2 hemorrhoidectomy and Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy. Neither the @entity0 nor the independent assessor were aware of the technique used at operation. @entity0 were followed up at 4 and 12 weeks after operation. The measured outcomes included 1) operation time; 2) @entity3 ; 3) postoperative hospital stay; 4) @entity1 score; 5) @entity1 expectation score; 6) date of first bowel movement; 7) number of @entity7 injections; 8) number of dologesic tablets taken; 9) time off work or normal activity; 10) wound healing; 11) satisfaction score; and 12) @entity4 , including @entity6 . RESULTS: There was no difference among the three groups in the operation time, hospital stay, @entity1 expectation score, day of first bowel movement, number of dologesic tablets taken, time off work or normal activity, wound healing, and satisfaction score. The complication rate also did not differ in the three groups. Both Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy and @entity2 hemorrhoidectomy were superior to Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy in terms of reduced @entity3 . Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy had the @entity1 score when compared with @entity2 hemorrhoidectomy and Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy, and @entity0 required significantly less pethidine injection after Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy than after Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy. Although the time required to return to work or normal activity remained similar, @entity0 after Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy had the best satisfaction score among the three groups. CONCLUSION: The study shows that Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy is as good as @entity2 hemorrhoidectomy in terms of reduced @entity3 but is superior because it is associated with less @entity5 and hence, better @entity0 satisfaction. However, these observed benefits are small, and the time off work or normal activity remains similar.

title: Double-blind, randomized trial comparing Harmonic Scalpel hemorrhoidectomy, XXXX hemorrhoidectomy, and scissors excision: ligation technique.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to assess the changes of posterior corneal @entity0 and tilt after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and to correlate these changes with the amount of correction and the residual stromal bed thickness. METHODS: This prospective nonrandomized (self-controlled) comparative trial included 57 eyes from 14 females and 15 males, whose mean age (+/- standard deviation [SD]) at the time of surgery was 33 +/- 9 years (range, 19-53), with a spherical equivalent (SEQ) of -1.00 to -15.50 (mean, -5.07 +/- 2.81) diopters (D). All LASIK procedures were accomplished with the Keratom II Coherent-Schwind excimer laser and the Moria Model One microkeratome (150-microm head). Subjective refractometry, Orbscan slit-scanning corneal topography analysis, and pachymetry were performed before and 3 months after LASIK for @entity1 (n= 35; -1.00 to -15.50 D [mean, -4.75 +/- 3.07]) or myopic @entity0 (n= 22; sphere, 0.00 to -9.75 D [mean, -4.75 +/- 2.36]; cylinder, -0.75 to -3.50 D [-1.68 +/- 0.86]). Intended ablation depth ranged from 12 to 108 (mean, 48 +/- 22) microm. Topographic raw data were decomposed into a set of Zernike polynomials as published in detail previously, and parameters for detection of asymmetric mechanical deformation of the cornea were derived. Posterior corneal @entity0 and tilt before and after LASIK were compared, and changes in these variables were correlated with the SEQ change (DeltaSEQ) and the @entity2 ( @entity2 ). RESULTS: The @entity2 after LASIK ranged from 186 to 373 (mean, 280 +/- 42) microm. Overall, @entity0 (0.19 +/- 0.07 D/0.22 +/- 0.13 D; p= 0.80) and tilt (3.58 +/- 0.35 degrees /3.65 +/- 0.48 degrees; p= 0.61) did not change significantly by 3 months after LASIK. In eyes with @entity2 < or =250 microm, the average change in @entity0 (0.05 +/- 0.11 versus 0.01 +/- 0.13 D; p= 0.46) and tilt (0.21 +/- 0.45 degrees versus 0.04 +/- 0.55 degrees; p= 0.30) was not greater than in eyes with @entity2 > 250 microm. Change in @entity0 (p= 0.19) and tilt (p= 0.56) did not correlate with the @entity2 during LASIK. CONCLUSIONS: Zernike decomposition of topographic height data discloses that no significant asymmetric mechanical deformation of the posterior corneal curvature occurs after myopic LASIK. Further studies with long-term follow-up are needed to clarify whether this symmetry of the posterior corneal surface can indeed be preserved over time after LASIK if the @entity2 is < 250 microm.

title: Changes of posterior corneal XXXX and tilt after myopic laser in situ keratomileusis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Soluble-fiber beta-glucan derived from oats can reduce @entity2 ( @entity2 ) risk through reductions in total and LDL @entity3 . @entity6 -derived beta-glucan may also improve serum @entity3 , but large quantities are required for clinical significance. OBJECTIVE: This trial investigated whether a beta-glucan-enriched form of @entity6 can favorably modify @entity3 and other markers of @entity2 and @entity1 risk. DESIGN: Eighteen mildly hyperlipidemic ( +/- SD: 4.0 +/- 0.6 mmol LDL @entity3 /L) @entity0 with a mean (+/- SD) body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 27.4 +/- 4.6 were randomly assigned in this single-blind, 2 x 4-wk trial to either the treatment arm [8.1-11.9 g beta-glucan/d (scaled to body weight)] or the control arm (isoenergetic dose of 6.5-9.2 g @entity4 /d). After a washout period of 4 wk, dietary regimens were crossed over. The trial took place in a long-stay metabolic facility, and all foods were provided (38% of energy from fat). Fasted blood samples were collected on days 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 29 in both study arms. An oral- @entity4 -tolerance test was carried out on days 0 and 29. RESULTS: There was no significant change (Delta) in total (Delta = -0.08 mmol/L, -1.3%), LDL (Delta = -0.15 mmol/L, -3.8%), or HDL (Delta = 0 mmol/L) @entity3 or in @entity5 (Delta = 0.18 mmol/L), fasting @entity4 (Delta = -0.05 mmol/L), or postprandial @entity4 when analyzed between treatments (P > 0.05; ANOVA). CONCLUSION: The effect of beta-glucan-enriched @entity6 on lipid profile was highly variable between subjects, and there was no evidence of a clinically significant improvement in @entity2 risk across this group of mildly hyperlipidemic @entity0 .

title: Randomized controlled crossover study of the effect of a highly beta-glucan-enriched XXXX on @entity2 risk factors in mildly hypercholesterolemic @entity0 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Soluble-fiber beta-glucan derived from oats can reduce @entity2 ( @entity2 ) risk through reductions in total and LDL @entity3 . @entity6 -derived beta-glucan may also improve serum @entity3 , but large quantities are required for clinical significance. OBJECTIVE: This trial investigated whether a beta-glucan-enriched form of @entity6 can favorably modify @entity3 and other markers of @entity2 and @entity1 risk. DESIGN: Eighteen mildly hyperlipidemic ( +/- SD: 4.0 +/- 0.6 mmol LDL @entity3 /L) @entity0 with a mean (+/- SD) body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 27.4 +/- 4.6 were randomly assigned in this single-blind, 2 x 4-wk trial to either the treatment arm [8.1-11.9 g beta-glucan/d (scaled to body weight)] or the control arm (isoenergetic dose of 6.5-9.2 g @entity4 /d). After a washout period of 4 wk, dietary regimens were crossed over. The trial took place in a long-stay metabolic facility, and all foods were provided (38% of energy from fat). Fasted blood samples were collected on days 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 29 in both study arms. An oral- @entity4 -tolerance test was carried out on days 0 and 29. RESULTS: There was no significant change (Delta) in total (Delta = -0.08 mmol/L, -1.3%), LDL (Delta = -0.15 mmol/L, -3.8%), or HDL (Delta = 0 mmol/L) @entity3 or in @entity5 (Delta = 0.18 mmol/L), fasting @entity4 (Delta = -0.05 mmol/L), or postprandial @entity4 when analyzed between treatments (P > 0.05; ANOVA). CONCLUSION: The effect of beta-glucan-enriched @entity6 on lipid profile was highly variable between subjects, and there was no evidence of a clinically significant improvement in @entity2 risk across this group of mildly hyperlipidemic @entity0 .

title: Randomized controlled crossover study of the effect of a highly beta-glucan-enriched @entity6 on XXXX risk factors in mildly hypercholesterolemic @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Soluble-fiber beta-glucan derived from oats can reduce @entity2 ( @entity2 ) risk through reductions in total and LDL @entity3 . @entity6 -derived beta-glucan may also improve serum @entity3 , but large quantities are required for clinical significance. OBJECTIVE: This trial investigated whether a beta-glucan-enriched form of @entity6 can favorably modify @entity3 and other markers of @entity2 and @entity1 risk. DESIGN: Eighteen mildly hyperlipidemic ( +/- SD: 4.0 +/- 0.6 mmol LDL @entity3 /L) @entity0 with a mean (+/- SD) body mass index (in kg/m(2)) of 27.4 +/- 4.6 were randomly assigned in this single-blind, 2 x 4-wk trial to either the treatment arm [8.1-11.9 g beta-glucan/d (scaled to body weight)] or the control arm (isoenergetic dose of 6.5-9.2 g @entity4 /d). After a washout period of 4 wk, dietary regimens were crossed over. The trial took place in a long-stay metabolic facility, and all foods were provided (38% of energy from fat). Fasted blood samples were collected on days 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 29 in both study arms. An oral- @entity4 -tolerance test was carried out on days 0 and 29. RESULTS: There was no significant change (Delta) in total (Delta = -0.08 mmol/L, -1.3%), LDL (Delta = -0.15 mmol/L, -3.8%), or HDL (Delta = 0 mmol/L) @entity3 or in @entity5 (Delta = 0.18 mmol/L), fasting @entity4 (Delta = -0.05 mmol/L), or postprandial @entity4 when analyzed between treatments (P > 0.05; ANOVA). CONCLUSION: The effect of beta-glucan-enriched @entity6 on lipid profile was highly variable between subjects, and there was no evidence of a clinically significant improvement in @entity2 risk across this group of mildly hyperlipidemic @entity0 .

title: Randomized controlled crossover study of the effect of a highly beta-glucan-enriched @entity6 on @entity2 risk factors in mildly hypercholesterolemic XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 induced by exposure to radiocontrast agents, a possible complication of percutaneous coronary interventions, is associated with significant in-hospital and long-term morbidity and mortality. @entity0 with preexisting @entity2 are at particularly high risk. We investigated the role of hemofiltration, as compared with isotonic-saline hydration, in preventing contrast-agent-induced @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity2 . METHODS: We studied 114 consecutive @entity0 with @entity2 (serum @entity4 concentration, >2 mg per deciliter [176.8 micromol per liter]) who were undergoing coronary interventions. We randomly assigned them to either hemofiltration in an intensive care unit (ICU) (58 @entity0 , with a mean [+/-SD] serum @entity4 concentration of 3.0+/-1.0 mg per deciliter [265.2+/-88.4 micromol per liter]) or isotonic-saline hydration at a rate of 1 ml per kilogram of body weight per hour given in a step-down unit (56 @entity0 , with a mean serum @entity4 concentration of 3.1+/-1.0 mg per deciliter [274.0+/-88.4 micromol per liter]). Hemofiltration (fluid replacement rate, 1000 ml per hour without @entity3 ) and saline hydration were initiated 4 to 8 hours before the coronary intervention and were continued for 18 to 24 hours after the procedure was completed. RESULTS: An increase in the serum @entity4 concentration of more than 25 percent from the base-line value after the coronary intervention occurred less frequently among the @entity0 in the hemofiltration group than among the control @entity0 (5 percent vs. 50 percent, P<0.001). Temporary renal-replacement therapy (hemodialysis or hemofiltration) was required in 25 percent of the control @entity0 and in 3 percent of the @entity0 in the hemofiltration group. The rate of in-hospital events was 9 percent in the hemofiltration group and 52 percent in the control group (P<0.001). In-hospital mortality was 2 percent in the hemofiltration group and 14 percent in the control group (P=0.02), and the cumulative one-year mortality was 10 percent and 30 percent, respectively (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In @entity0 with @entity2 who are undergoing percutaneous coronary interventions, periprocedural hemofiltration given in an ICU setting appears to be effective in preventing the deterioration of renal function due to contrast-agent-induced @entity1 and is associated with improved in-hospital and long-term outcomes.

title: The prevention of radiocontrast-agent-induced XXXX by hemofiltration.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Relationship between the pineal gland and @entity0 has been repeatedly shown in many both experimental and clinical studies. However, morphological studies of the pineal gland in animals with experimentally-induced @entity0 are rare. Therefore, we decided to investigate the ultrastructure of pinealocytes in @entity1 with implanted Colon 38 @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male adult B6D2F1 @entity1 were used in this study. The animals were divided into two groups. Eight @entity1 were subcutaneously implanted with Colon 38 cell suspension, whereas the other eight intact animals served as controls. Three weeks after @entity0 implantation four animals from each group were sacrificed by spinal cord dislocation at 12:00 h or 24:00 h. The pineal glands were removed and processed for electron microscopic studies. The cross-sectional areas of the pinealocyte and its nucleus, and relative volume of mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, granular endoplasmic reticulum, and lipid droplets, as well as the number of dense-core vesicles were estimated using a digital analyzer connected on-line to IBM-PC computer. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Student's t-test and Snedecor F test. RESULTS: In the pineal glands of the @entity0 -bearing animals killed during the daytime diminished size of pinealocytes and their nuclei, decreased relative volume of granular endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and lipid droplets as well as decreased number of dense-core vesicles were observed. On the contrary, the relative volumes of mitochondria and Golgi apparatus were increased in these animals. In the @entity0 -bearing animals killed at night, however, increased cross-sectional areas of pinealocytes, and decreased number of dense-core vesicles were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest that the presence of the @entity0 influences the morphology of pineal cells in @entity1 . Considering the fact that different patterns of ultrastructural changes were demonstrated in pinealocytes in different @entity0 types in various species, it seems that the character of the ultrastructural changes observed in @entity0 -bearing animals depends on the animal species and @entity0 type.

title: Ultrastructure of pinealocytes in @entity1 implanted with Colon 38 XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Relationship between the pineal gland and @entity0 has been repeatedly shown in many both experimental and clinical studies. However, morphological studies of the pineal gland in animals with experimentally-induced @entity0 are rare. Therefore, we decided to investigate the ultrastructure of pinealocytes in @entity1 with implanted Colon 38 @entity2 . MATERIAL AND METHODS: Male adult B6D2F1 @entity1 were used in this study. The animals were divided into two groups. Eight @entity1 were subcutaneously implanted with Colon 38 cell suspension, whereas the other eight intact animals served as controls. Three weeks after @entity0 implantation four animals from each group were sacrificed by spinal cord dislocation at 12:00 h or 24:00 h. The pineal glands were removed and processed for electron microscopic studies. The cross-sectional areas of the pinealocyte and its nucleus, and relative volume of mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, granular endoplasmic reticulum, and lipid droplets, as well as the number of dense-core vesicles were estimated using a digital analyzer connected on-line to IBM-PC computer. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Student's t-test and Snedecor F test. RESULTS: In the pineal glands of the @entity0 -bearing animals killed during the daytime diminished size of pinealocytes and their nuclei, decreased relative volume of granular endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes, and lipid droplets as well as decreased number of dense-core vesicles were observed. On the contrary, the relative volumes of mitochondria and Golgi apparatus were increased in these animals. In the @entity0 -bearing animals killed at night, however, increased cross-sectional areas of pinealocytes, and decreased number of dense-core vesicles were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study suggest that the presence of the @entity0 influences the morphology of pineal cells in @entity1 . Considering the fact that different patterns of ultrastructural changes were demonstrated in pinealocytes in different @entity0 types in various species, it seems that the character of the ultrastructural changes observed in @entity0 -bearing animals depends on the animal species and @entity0 type.

title: Ultrastructure of pinealocytes in XXXX implanted with Colon 38 @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: In @entity0 who remain unconscious after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) poor outcome may be predicted with several tests. To use these tests, knowledge of a priori chances of poor outcome after varying periods of unconsciousness is needed. This study is aimed at providing such data. DESIGN AND @entity0 : Data regarding survival and recovery of consciousness were extracted from registry-based and prospective cohort studies of @entity0 with @entity1 . A survival analysis was done using Kaplan-Meier estimates and 28-day outcomes were calculated for all @entity0 unconscious after 24 h and 72 h, and 5 days, 7 days and 14 days after CPR. @entity0 characteristics and outcomes in our cohort were compared with those of published @entity0 series. RESULTS: After 28 days, 27% of 172 @entity0 from the two cohort studies were alive and conscious, 9% were still unconscious, and 64% had died. The proportion of @entity0 who regained consciousness decreased from 34% of those unconscious within the first 6 h post-CPR to 13% of those still unconscious after 2 weeks. The proportion surviving in an unconscious state increased from 6% of @entity0 who were unconscious initially to 33% of those still unconscious after 2 weeks. The chance of survival remained unchanged up to 7 days after CPR, irrespective of the duration of unconsciousness. @entity0 characteristics and outcomes in our cohort were comparable to data available from the literature. CONCLUSIONS: The a priori chances of (poor) outcome vary with the duration of unconsciousness after CPR. This study provides data for different time-intervals after CPR.

title: Survival and recovery of consciousness in XXXX after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: FFR-rFVIIa is an inactivated recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) that inhibits the binding of factor VIIa to tissue factor (TF). It has been shown to prevent TF-induced @entity1 in animals. The present study is a substudy of the Active Site Inhibited Seven (ASIS) trial and examines the antithrombotic effect of 3 doses of FFR-rFVIIa in 24 @entity0 undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Group 1 (n=9) received 400 microg/kg FFR-rFVIIa and 40 to 50 U/kg heparin, group 2 (n=7) received 200 microg/kg FFR-rFVIIa and 100 U/kg heparin, and group 3 (n=8) received 50 microg/kg FFR-rFVIIa and 100 U/kg heparin. Blood thrombogenicity was assessed as total @entity1 area and fibrin deposition on the perfusion chamber at shear rate conditions typical of mild-moderate @entity3 . Baseline blood thrombogenicity was evaluated a day before PCI, after heparin administration. A second perfusion chamber study was performed just before PCI, 15 minutes after the administration of heparin and FFR-rFVIIa. @entity1 formation at a high shear rate was markedly reduced in groups 1 and 2 after drug administration, by 79% to 84% and 76% to 87%, respectively (P<0.004 [group 1], P<0.04 [group 2]). In group 3, moderate @entity1 reduction of 46% to 48% was achieved (P<0.04). Fibrin deposition in all 3 groups was nearly eliminated after drug administration. Our data demonstrate that FFR-rFVIIa has a potent antithrombotic effect at different shear rates and severe @entity2 conditions.

title: Antithrombotic effect of tissue factor inhibition by inactivated factor VIIa: an ex vivo XXXX study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Kv1 @entity0 channels consist of pore-forming alpha subunits as well as auxiliary beta subunits. In heterologous systems, Kv1alpha subunits suffice for induction of voltage-dependent @entity0 current (I(Kv)). Although Kv1 channels can be expressed without auxiliary subunits in heterologous systems, coexpression with Kvbeta subunits has dramatic effects on surface expression and kinetic properties. Much less is known about the functional roles of Kvbeta subunits in vivo, despite their presence in the majority of native Kv1 channel complexes. We used an antisense approach to probe the contribution of @entity1 subunits to native Kv1 channel function in embryonic myocytes. We compared the effects of antisense @entity1 treatment on the whole cell I(Kv) to those produced by overexpression of a dominant-negative Kv1alpha subunit. The reductions in the maximal @entity0 conductance produced by antisense @entity1 treatment and elimination of Kv1alpha subunit function were not significantly different from each other. In addition, simultaneous elimination of Kv1alpha and @entity1 subunit function resulted in no further reduction of the maximal conductance. The Kv channel complexes targeted by @entity1 and/or Kv1alpha subunit elimination contributed to action potential repolarization because elimination of either or both subunits led to increases in the duration of the action potential. As for @entity0 conductance, the effects of elimination of both alpha and beta subunits on the duration of the action potential were not additive. Taken together, the results suggest that Kv1 @entity0 channel complexes in vivo have a strong requirement for both alpha and beta subunits.

title: In vivo analysis of XXXX function in Xenopus embryonic myocytes.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: At present there are not enough studies that demonstrate the usefulness of self-expandable stents in @entity0 with left-sided malignant @entity3 . We evaluated primary @entity2 and morbidity rates obtained with this method in comparison with the results of the emergency surgical treatment. METHODS: From February 1994 to November 1999, 72 consecutive @entity0 with left-sided malignant colorectal obstruction were enrolled. Forty-three @entity0 were assigned to the study group (preoperative stent and elective surgical treatment or palliative stent, depending on the assessment of the stage of the @entity1 ) and 29 to the control group (emergency surgical treatment). The resection was not indicated in 18 cases in the study group (after preoperative staging in 17 and intraoperative staging in 1) and in 3 cases in the control group. RESULTS: In the study group, the obstruction was relieved in 41 cases (95 percent) after the stent placement. Of 26 @entity0 who underwent surgical treatment, a primary @entity2 was possible in 22 (84.6 vs. 41.4 percent in the control group, P = 0.0025), with lower need for a colostomy (15.4 vs. 58.6 percent in the control group). The anastomotic failure rate was similar and the reintervention rate was lower (0 vs. 17 percent, P = 0.014). The total stay (14.23 vs. 18.52 days; P = 0.047), the intensive care unit stay (0.3 vs. 2.9 days; P = 0.015), and the number of @entity0 with severe complications (11.6 vs. 41.2 percent; P = 0.008) were significantly lower in the study group. CONCLUSIONS: In our @entity0 with left-sided malignant @entity3 , placement of a preoperative stent prevented 17 (94 percent) of 18 of unnecessary operations and a large number of colostomies after elective surgery. These results were obtained with a lower severe complication rate as well as a shorter hospital stay.

title: Self-expandable stent before elective surgery vs. emergency surgery for the treatment of malignant colorectal obstructions: comparison of primary XXXX and morbidity rates.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: We evaluate the long-term results of a randomized clinical trial in @entity0 with advanced stages (III and IV) of @entity3 using chemotherapy or combined therapy (chemotherapy following by adjuvant radiotherapy in @entity0 with @entity1 ). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1981 and 1995, @entity0 with @entity3 were treated with combined chemotherapy, mostly @entity8 -based regimens; @entity0 who achieved complete response were randomly assigned either to receive adjuvant radiotherapy to sites or to @entity1 or not (control group). RESULTS: Four hundred and sixty-nine @entity0 were randomized; in an intent-to-treat analysis all were evaluable for efficacy and @entity2 . Actuarial curves at 20yr showed that event-free survival (EFS) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) in the control group were 41% [95% confidence interval (CI) 36-56%) and 71% (95% CI 65-78%), respectively; these were statistically different from results for the @entity0 who received adjuvant radiotherapy: 68% (95% CI 62-72%) and 89% (95% CI 79-96%), respectively (P<0.01). Acute and late @entity2 were minimal; only four @entity0 (<1%) developed @entity6 / @entity7 . @entity5 was 2%, but one case was lethal. Thirty-six @entity0 (8%) died secondary to unrelated causes, in complete remission. CONCLUSIONS: The use of adjuvant radiotherapy in @entity0 with poor-prognosis @entity3 increases EFS and @entity4 with minimal @entity2 . We feel that @entity3 should be treated curatively because <80% of @entity0 will be in first complete response at <20yr. The use of adjuvant radiotherapy will be considered in the first line of treatment in this set of @entity0 .

title: Combined therapy in advanced stages (III and IV) of XXXX increases the possibility of cure: results of a large controlled clinical trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The generation of @entity0 radicals in biological systems and their sites of intracellular release have been subject of numerous studies in the last decades. Based on these studies mitochondria are considered to be the major source of intracellular @entity0 radicals. Although this finding is more or less accepted, the mechanism of univalent @entity0 reduction in mitochondria is still obscure. One of the most critical electron transfer steps in the respiratory chain is the electron bifurcation at the cytochrome bc1 complex. Recent studies with genetically mutated mitochondria have made it clear that electron bifurcation from @entity4 to the cytochrome bc1 complex requires the free mobility of the head domain of the Rieske @entity2 protein. On the other hand, it has been long known that inhibition of electron bifurcation by @entity3 causes leakage of single electrons to @entity0 , which results in the release of @entity1 radicals. These findings lead us to study whether hindrance of the interaction of @entity4 with the cytochrome bc1 complex is the regulator of single electron diversion to @entity0 . Hindrance of electron bifurcation was observed following alterations of the physical state of membrane phospholipids in which the cytochrome bc1 complex is inserted. Irrespective of whether the fluidity of the membrane lipids was elevated or decreased, electron flow rates to the Rieske @entity2 protein were drastically reduced. Concomitantly @entity1 radicals were released from these mitochondria, strongly suggesting an effect on the mobility of the head domain of the Rieske @entity2 protein. This revealed the involvement of the @entity4 cytochrome bc1 redox couple in mitochondrial @entity1 formation. The regulator, which controls leakage of electrons to @entity0 , appears to be the electron-branching activity of the cytochrome bc1 complex.

title: Mitochondrial XXXX radical formation is controlled by electron bifurcation to the high and low potential pathways.

answer: @entity1