abstract: @entity11 ( @entity12 ) is one of the newly developed substitutes of @entity10 consisting of two molecules of @entity8 . @entity11 caused @entity2 in some @entity0 , apparently caused by an antiabsorptive secretagogue action of this compound. The mechanism of this was studied in the short circuited isolated mucosa of the @entity1 ileum. Mucosal addition of ADS increased the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and short circuit current (Isc) at a concentration of 1.3.10(-4) mol/l (4 mg/dl) with maximal effects at 1.3.10(-3) mol/l (40 mg/dl). Epithelial resistance was only slightly decreased at the higher concentrations of 40 and 100 mg/dl. Serosal ADS had no effect on electrical parameters. The increase of Isc was associated with a change of net @entity6 absorption into net secretion. Net @entity4 absorption was only slightly and not significantly decreased. The changes were reversible after rinsing away the ADS. Treatment of the mucosa with @entity5 inhibited the ADS induced increase of Isc, suggesting transcellular pathway for the ADS stimulated secretion. Biosynthesis of @entity7 is not involved in the mechanism of this secretion, as treatment with @entity9 did not alter the effect of ADS on Isc. Results suggest that ADS can be considered as a secretagogue, which stimulates intestinal secretion via a transcellular pathway. Because of the bacterial cleavage of the double molecule into two molecules of the non-secretagogue @entity8 in the colon, however, @entity2 may develop only in @entity0 with a decreased absorptive capacity of the colon, or insufficient cleavage of ADS.

title: Secretory effect of XXXX ( @entity11 ) on the short circuited mucosa of the @entity1 ileum in vitro.

answer: @entity11


abstract: @entity11 ( @entity12 ) is one of the newly developed substitutes of @entity10 consisting of two molecules of @entity8 . @entity11 caused @entity2 in some @entity0 , apparently caused by an antiabsorptive secretagogue action of this compound. The mechanism of this was studied in the short circuited isolated mucosa of the @entity1 ileum. Mucosal addition of ADS increased the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and short circuit current (Isc) at a concentration of 1.3.10(-4) mol/l (4 mg/dl) with maximal effects at 1.3.10(-3) mol/l (40 mg/dl). Epithelial resistance was only slightly decreased at the higher concentrations of 40 and 100 mg/dl. Serosal ADS had no effect on electrical parameters. The increase of Isc was associated with a change of net @entity6 absorption into net secretion. Net @entity4 absorption was only slightly and not significantly decreased. The changes were reversible after rinsing away the ADS. Treatment of the mucosa with @entity5 inhibited the ADS induced increase of Isc, suggesting transcellular pathway for the ADS stimulated secretion. Biosynthesis of @entity7 is not involved in the mechanism of this secretion, as treatment with @entity9 did not alter the effect of ADS on Isc. Results suggest that ADS can be considered as a secretagogue, which stimulates intestinal secretion via a transcellular pathway. Because of the bacterial cleavage of the double molecule into two molecules of the non-secretagogue @entity8 in the colon, however, @entity2 may develop only in @entity0 with a decreased absorptive capacity of the colon, or insufficient cleavage of ADS.

title: Secretory effect of @entity11 ( XXXX ) on the short circuited mucosa of the @entity1 ileum in vitro.

answer: @entity11


abstract: @entity11 ( @entity12 ) is one of the newly developed substitutes of @entity10 consisting of two molecules of @entity8 . @entity11 caused @entity2 in some @entity0 , apparently caused by an antiabsorptive secretagogue action of this compound. The mechanism of this was studied in the short circuited isolated mucosa of the @entity1 ileum. Mucosal addition of ADS increased the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and short circuit current (Isc) at a concentration of 1.3.10(-4) mol/l (4 mg/dl) with maximal effects at 1.3.10(-3) mol/l (40 mg/dl). Epithelial resistance was only slightly decreased at the higher concentrations of 40 and 100 mg/dl. Serosal ADS had no effect on electrical parameters. The increase of Isc was associated with a change of net @entity6 absorption into net secretion. Net @entity4 absorption was only slightly and not significantly decreased. The changes were reversible after rinsing away the ADS. Treatment of the mucosa with @entity5 inhibited the ADS induced increase of Isc, suggesting transcellular pathway for the ADS stimulated secretion. Biosynthesis of @entity7 is not involved in the mechanism of this secretion, as treatment with @entity9 did not alter the effect of ADS on Isc. Results suggest that ADS can be considered as a secretagogue, which stimulates intestinal secretion via a transcellular pathway. Because of the bacterial cleavage of the double molecule into two molecules of the non-secretagogue @entity8 in the colon, however, @entity2 may develop only in @entity0 with a decreased absorptive capacity of the colon, or insufficient cleavage of ADS.

title: Secretory effect of @entity11 ( @entity11 ) on the short circuited mucosa of the XXXX ileum in vitro.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the controversial relationship between pregnancy and @entity1 . Old studies and those from developing countries suggest that pregnancy considerably increases the risk of @entity1 . METHODS: The records of 946 consecutive cases of @entity1 observed in Saudi @entity0 in 10 years were reviewed. Cases which occurred during pregnancy or during the first 15 days postpartum were included in the study. RESULTS: Twelve @entity0 (1.3%) were pregnant or in postpartum at @entity1 onset. They constituted 27% of @entity0 of childbearing age. @entity4 was diagnosed in nine cases and @entity5 in three. Four @entity0 died. CONCLUSION: The risk of @entity1 is only marginally increased (x 1.5) in pregnant compared with non-pregnant Saudi @entity0 . Many factors including peripartum @entity3 , @entity7 , changes in clotting factors, peripartum @entity6 and vasoactive @entity2 hormones, could be responsible for this increased risk.

title: XXXX and pregnancy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Elevated levels of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) have been found in multiple tissues in association with @entity3 and during the microalbuminuric phase of @entity6 . In this study, we have used an AGE-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure skin AGEs to determine whether elevated levels can be detected before the onset of @entity2 . Subjects with @entity5 (n = 48) were graded for the degree of @entity1 (normal [23], microalbuminuria [12], or macroalbuminuria [12]) and @entity4 (none [13], background [20], or proliferative [15]). Subgroups with a premicroalbuminuric phase of albumin excretion (< or = 28 mg/24 h, n = 27) or with the earliest stages of @entity4 (n = 27) were identified. A significant increase in tissue AGEs was found as urinary albumin increased during the premicroalbuminuric phase of @entity1 even when the data were adjusted for age and duration of @entity0 (P = 0.005). Immunoreactive AGEs also increased as normal renal status advanced to microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria (P = 0.0001 across groups). Significant elevation of AGEs was also found in association with the earliest stages of clinically evident @entity4 (early background versus minimal grades). In addition, higher AGE levels were found in subjects with @entity4 when compared with those with less severe @entity4 (P < 0.004 across groups). In contrast, no significant differences were found in tissue AGE levels between groups with or without early @entity4 based on @entity7 or fluorescent AGE measurements, although fluorescent AGEs correlated with albumin excretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Formation of immunochemical advanced glycosylation end products precedes and correlates with early manifestations of XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Elevated levels of advanced glycosylation end products (AGEs) have been found in multiple tissues in association with @entity3 and during the microalbuminuric phase of @entity6 . In this study, we have used an AGE-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure skin AGEs to determine whether elevated levels can be detected before the onset of @entity2 . Subjects with @entity5 (n = 48) were graded for the degree of @entity1 (normal [23], microalbuminuria [12], or macroalbuminuria [12]) and @entity4 (none [13], background [20], or proliferative [15]). Subgroups with a premicroalbuminuric phase of albumin excretion (< or = 28 mg/24 h, n = 27) or with the earliest stages of @entity4 (n = 27) were identified. A significant increase in tissue AGEs was found as urinary albumin increased during the premicroalbuminuric phase of @entity1 even when the data were adjusted for age and duration of @entity0 (P = 0.005). Immunoreactive AGEs also increased as normal renal status advanced to microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria (P = 0.0001 across groups). Significant elevation of AGEs was also found in association with the earliest stages of clinically evident @entity4 (early background versus minimal grades). In addition, higher AGE levels were found in subjects with @entity4 when compared with those with less severe @entity4 (P < 0.004 across groups). In contrast, no significant differences were found in tissue AGE levels between groups with or without early @entity4 based on @entity7 or fluorescent AGE measurements, although fluorescent AGEs correlated with albumin excretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Formation of immunochemical advanced glycosylation end products precedes and correlates with early manifestations of @entity1 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We prospectively compared the efficacy of @entity2 bougies (Savary type) passed over a guide wire and through-the-scope balloons for the dilation of peptic esophageal strictures in a randomized study. Thirty-four @entity0 , 17 in each treatment arm, were studied. At entry, @entity1 was assessed according to a six-point scale (0, unable to swallow; 5, normal). The end-point for dilation was to size 45F or 15 mm. Discomfort during the procedure was graded on a four-point scale (0, no discomfort; 1, mild; 2, moderate; 3, severe discomfort). Follow-up visits were at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and every 3 months thereafter for 2 years. At the 1-week visit, the size of esophageal lumen was measured by 8-, 10-, and 12-mm pills. Both devices effectively relieved @entity1 . By life-table analysis, stricture recurrence during the first year of follow-up was similar in both groups, but during the second year, the risk of recurrence was significantly lower in @entity0 whose strictures were dilated with balloons. Other advantages of balloons included the need for fewer treatment sessions to achieve the defined end-diameter for dilation (1.1 + 0.1 versus 1.7 + 0.2, p < .05), and less procedural discomfort (p < .05). The differences in luminal size after dilation, measured by the barium pill test, were not significant. Ability to pass the 12-mm pill and absence of @entity1 were correlated. Our results indicate that both devices are effective in relieving @entity1 , but balloons may have a long-term advantage.

title: Prospective randomized comparison of XXXX bougies and through-the-scope balloons for dilation of peptic strictures of the esophagus.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Allergen challenges of airway mucosa are commonly followed by an increased sensitivity to rechallenge with allergen. In the lower airways this phenomenon has been associated with the late phase of allergic airway reactions, which in turn has been suggested as a link between @entity3 and @entity1 . The aim of the present investigation was to explore further the phenomenon of allergen-induced @entity5 and to see whether it was possible to induce such a reaction in the skin. Twenty-six @entity0 with @entity4 due to birch and/or grass pollens were studied in the pollen-free winter months. Nine of these @entity0 had previously demonstrated an increased reactivity following allergen challenge in the nose, and nine of the @entity0 had cutaneous allergen-induced late-phase reactions to the allergen tested. Skin-prick tests were performed with pollen allergen, @entity2 , and a negative control. The areas of the weal-and-flare reactions were measured 15 min after the tests were set. Any late-phase reactions were recorded 6 hr after the skin challenge. The subjects were re-tested with allergen and @entity2 24 hr after the initial prick test within the area of the corresponding weal from the previous day. In contrast to previous challenges of @entity0 airway mucosa, where the same time interval was used, we found no increased responsiveness to rechallenge as compared with the initial allergen challenge. This was true, even if only the subgroups with previously demonstrated nasal allergen-induced @entity5 , or cutaneous late-phase reaction were evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Allergen-induced XXXX is not a feature of dermal immediate @entity1 --in contrast to reactions of airways mucosa.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Allergen challenges of airway mucosa are commonly followed by an increased sensitivity to rechallenge with allergen. In the lower airways this phenomenon has been associated with the late phase of allergic airway reactions, which in turn has been suggested as a link between @entity3 and @entity1 . The aim of the present investigation was to explore further the phenomenon of allergen-induced @entity5 and to see whether it was possible to induce such a reaction in the skin. Twenty-six @entity0 with @entity4 due to birch and/or grass pollens were studied in the pollen-free winter months. Nine of these @entity0 had previously demonstrated an increased reactivity following allergen challenge in the nose, and nine of the @entity0 had cutaneous allergen-induced late-phase reactions to the allergen tested. Skin-prick tests were performed with pollen allergen, @entity2 , and a negative control. The areas of the weal-and-flare reactions were measured 15 min after the tests were set. Any late-phase reactions were recorded 6 hr after the skin challenge. The subjects were re-tested with allergen and @entity2 24 hr after the initial prick test within the area of the corresponding weal from the previous day. In contrast to previous challenges of @entity0 airway mucosa, where the same time interval was used, we found no increased responsiveness to rechallenge as compared with the initial allergen challenge. This was true, even if only the subgroups with previously demonstrated nasal allergen-induced @entity5 , or cutaneous late-phase reaction were evaluated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Allergen-induced @entity5 is not a feature of dermal immediate XXXX --in contrast to reactions of airways mucosa.

answer: @entity1


abstract: In this review of a collected series of @entity0 undergoing hepatic resection for colorectal @entity1 , 100 @entity0 were found to have survived greater than five years from the time of resection. Of these 100 long-term survivors, 71 remain disease-free through the last follow-up, 19 recurred prior to five years, and ten recurred after five years. @entity0 characteristics that may have contributed to survival were examined. Procedures performed included five trisegmentectomies, 32 lobectomies, 16 left lateral segmentectomies, and 45 wedge resections. The margin of resection was recorded in 27 @entity0 , one of whom had a positive margin, nine of whom had a less than or equal to 1-cm margin, and 17 of whom had a greater than 1-cm margin. Eighty-one @entity0 had a solitary metastasis to the liver, 11 @entity0 had two @entity1 , one @entity0 had three @entity1 , and four @entity0 had four @entity1 . Thirty @entity0 had Stage C @entity2 , 40 had Stage B @entity2 , and one had Stage A @entity2 . The disease-free interval from the time of colon resection to the time of liver resection was less than one year in 65 @entity0 , and greater than one year in 34 @entity0 . Three @entity0 had bilobar @entity1 . Four of the @entity0 had extrahepatic disease resected simultaneously with the liver resection. Though several contraindications to hepatic resection have been proposed in the past, five-year survival has been found in @entity0 with extrahepatic disease resected simultaneously, @entity0 with bilobar @entity1 , @entity0 with multiple @entity1 , and @entity0 with positive margins. Five-year disease-free survivors are also present in each of these subsets. It is concluded that five-year survival is possible in the presence of reported contraindications to resection, and therefore that the decision to resect the liver must be individualized.

title: Resection of the liver for colorectal carcinoma XXXX . A multi-institutional study of long-term survivors.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The predictive value of grade, number of @entity1 and histology of mucosal biopsy for @entity1 recurrence, the course of @entity2 in situ were examined. The Kaplan-Meier's method was used for the estimation of the recurrence-free rate in the @entity0 who had undergone transurethral resection (TUR) and the logrank test for testing the significance of difference in recurrence-free rate. The 5-year recurrence-free rate was 32.2%. The recurrence-free rate was 51.0% after 40 months postoperatively in @entity0 with a @entity1 , 12.8% after 42 months postoperatively in those with @entity1 . The @entity0 with a @entity1 had a significantly higher recurrence-free rate than those with @entity1 (P less than 0.001). The recurrence-free rate was analyzed according to the grade of main @entity1 , but significantly difference was not present. The recurrence-free rate was 44.4% after 42 months postoperatively in @entity0 with normal histology of mucosal biopsy and 9.5% after 34 months postoperatively in those with abnormal histology. The @entity0 showing normal histology in mucosal biopsy had a significantly higher recurrence-free rate than those with abnormal findings (P less than 0.001). the recurrence-free rate at the same area of biopsy site was analyzed according to the histologies of 537 mucosal biopsies. The recurrence-free rate was 76.7% after 42 months post operatively in areas with a normal biopsy, 44.3% after 35 months postoperatively in those with abnormal histology and the difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). Of the 15 @entity0 found to have @entity2 in situ, 4 were @entity2 in situ, 6 were associated with superficial @entity1 and 5 were associated with invasive @entity1 . Thirteen of the 15 @entity0 were alive and free of disease 18 to 42 months later. Two @entity0 associated with invasive @entity1 died 5 and 18 months after transcatheter embolization of internal iliac arteries. Of the 13 @entity0 who were found to have microinvasion of @entity2 in situ, 4 were not associated with visible @entity1 , 6 were associated with superficial @entity1 and 3 were associated with invasive @entity1 . Nine of the 13 @entity0 are alive and free of disease 7 to 53 months later. A @entity0 without any visible @entity1 who was treated with TUR and intravesical chemotherapy died and three @entity0 with invasive @entity1 died irrespective of the mode of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Studies on multiple mucosal biopsy in @entity0 with bladder cancer. 2. Evaluation on the relationship between the results of multiple mucosal biopsy and recurrence, and the clinical course of cases with @entity2 in situ and micro-invasion of XXXX in situ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The predictive value of grade, number of @entity1 and histology of mucosal biopsy for @entity1 recurrence, the course of @entity2 in situ were examined. The Kaplan-Meier's method was used for the estimation of the recurrence-free rate in the @entity0 who had undergone transurethral resection (TUR) and the logrank test for testing the significance of difference in recurrence-free rate. The 5-year recurrence-free rate was 32.2%. The recurrence-free rate was 51.0% after 40 months postoperatively in @entity0 with a @entity1 , 12.8% after 42 months postoperatively in those with @entity1 . The @entity0 with a @entity1 had a significantly higher recurrence-free rate than those with @entity1 (P less than 0.001). The recurrence-free rate was analyzed according to the grade of main @entity1 , but significantly difference was not present. The recurrence-free rate was 44.4% after 42 months postoperatively in @entity0 with normal histology of mucosal biopsy and 9.5% after 34 months postoperatively in those with abnormal histology. The @entity0 showing normal histology in mucosal biopsy had a significantly higher recurrence-free rate than those with abnormal findings (P less than 0.001). the recurrence-free rate at the same area of biopsy site was analyzed according to the histologies of 537 mucosal biopsies. The recurrence-free rate was 76.7% after 42 months post operatively in areas with a normal biopsy, 44.3% after 35 months postoperatively in those with abnormal histology and the difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). Of the 15 @entity0 found to have @entity2 in situ, 4 were @entity2 in situ, 6 were associated with superficial @entity1 and 5 were associated with invasive @entity1 . Thirteen of the 15 @entity0 were alive and free of disease 18 to 42 months later. Two @entity0 associated with invasive @entity1 died 5 and 18 months after transcatheter embolization of internal iliac arteries. Of the 13 @entity0 who were found to have microinvasion of @entity2 in situ, 4 were not associated with visible @entity1 , 6 were associated with superficial @entity1 and 3 were associated with invasive @entity1 . Nine of the 13 @entity0 are alive and free of disease 7 to 53 months later. A @entity0 without any visible @entity1 who was treated with TUR and intravesical chemotherapy died and three @entity0 with invasive @entity1 died irrespective of the mode of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Studies on multiple mucosal biopsy in @entity0 with bladder cancer. 2. Evaluation on the relationship between the results of multiple mucosal biopsy and recurrence, and the clinical course of cases with XXXX in situ and micro-invasion of @entity2 in situ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: The predictive value of grade, number of @entity1 and histology of mucosal biopsy for @entity1 recurrence, the course of @entity2 in situ were examined. The Kaplan-Meier's method was used for the estimation of the recurrence-free rate in the @entity0 who had undergone transurethral resection (TUR) and the logrank test for testing the significance of difference in recurrence-free rate. The 5-year recurrence-free rate was 32.2%. The recurrence-free rate was 51.0% after 40 months postoperatively in @entity0 with a @entity1 , 12.8% after 42 months postoperatively in those with @entity1 . The @entity0 with a @entity1 had a significantly higher recurrence-free rate than those with @entity1 (P less than 0.001). The recurrence-free rate was analyzed according to the grade of main @entity1 , but significantly difference was not present. The recurrence-free rate was 44.4% after 42 months postoperatively in @entity0 with normal histology of mucosal biopsy and 9.5% after 34 months postoperatively in those with abnormal histology. The @entity0 showing normal histology in mucosal biopsy had a significantly higher recurrence-free rate than those with abnormal findings (P less than 0.001). the recurrence-free rate at the same area of biopsy site was analyzed according to the histologies of 537 mucosal biopsies. The recurrence-free rate was 76.7% after 42 months post operatively in areas with a normal biopsy, 44.3% after 35 months postoperatively in those with abnormal histology and the difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.001). Of the 15 @entity0 found to have @entity2 in situ, 4 were @entity2 in situ, 6 were associated with superficial @entity1 and 5 were associated with invasive @entity1 . Thirteen of the 15 @entity0 were alive and free of disease 18 to 42 months later. Two @entity0 associated with invasive @entity1 died 5 and 18 months after transcatheter embolization of internal iliac arteries. Of the 13 @entity0 who were found to have microinvasion of @entity2 in situ, 4 were not associated with visible @entity1 , 6 were associated with superficial @entity1 and 3 were associated with invasive @entity1 . Nine of the 13 @entity0 are alive and free of disease 7 to 53 months later. A @entity0 without any visible @entity1 who was treated with TUR and intravesical chemotherapy died and three @entity0 with invasive @entity1 died irrespective of the mode of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

title: [Studies on multiple mucosal biopsy in XXXX with bladder cancer. 2. Evaluation on the relationship between the results of multiple mucosal biopsy and recurrence, and the clinical course of cases with @entity2 in situ and micro-invasion of @entity2 in situ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Primary @entity2 accounts for only about 0.2% of large intestinal @entity1 . Management difficulties are compounded by a lack of consistent pathological reporting and by the use of numerous different classifications. Forty-five cases of primary @entity2 are included in this study. The presenting features are indistinguishable from those of @entity2 . Seven @entity0 had a history of chronic @entity3 but no other predisposing factors were identified. Immunohistochemical studies showed that all @entity1 were of B-cell phenotype. Most @entity1 were difficult to characterize using standard pathological classifications such as Kiel, except for the 11 cases of malignant (multiple) @entity5 , which were morphologically diffuse @entity4 . Twenty-nine @entity4 showed the morphological and immunohistochemical features associated with @entity1 arising in mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. These @entity1 showed variable but often marked polymorphism and we have used the term polymorphic @entity6 to describe them. Consistency was achieved between three observers as to whether these @entity1 were low or high grade, and grade was found to be prognostically important. A modified Dukes staging system was adopted and there was a trend for early stage to give prognostic advantage. This study supports the view that surgery should be the primary treatment for @entity4 of the gastrointestinal tract with radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy for advanced cases and for @entity5 .

title: Primary XXXX . A histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 45 cases with clinicopathological correlations.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Midbrain @entity3 (DA) modulates the activity of basal ganglia circuitry important for motor control in a variety of species. In songbirds, DA underlies motivational behavior including reproductive drive and is implicated as a gatekeeper for neural activity governing vocal variability. In the @entity6 , @entity6 , DA levels increase in Area X, a song-dedicated subregion of the basal ganglia, when a male bird sings his courtship song to a female (female-directed; FD). Levels remain stable when he sings a less stereotyped version that is not directed toward a conspecific (undirected; UD). Here, we used a mild dose of the neurotoxin @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to reduce presynaptic DA input to Area X and characterized the effects on FD and @entity1 . Immunoblots were used to quantify levels of @entity5 hydroxylase (TH) as a biomarker for DA afferent loss in vehicle- and @entity4 -injected birds. Following @entity4 administration, TH signals were lower in Area X but not in an adjacent subregion, ventral striatal-pallidum (VSP). A postsynaptic marker of DA signaling was unchanged in both regions. These observations suggest that effects were specific to presynaptic afferents of vocal basal ganglia. Concurrently, vocal variability was reduced during UD but not FD song. Similar decreases in vocal variability are observed in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), but the link to DA loss is not well-understood. The @entity4 songbird model offers a unique opportunity to further examine how DA loss in cortico-basal ganglia pathways affects vocal control.

title: Reduced vocal variability in a XXXX model of @entity3 depletion: implications for @entity2 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Midbrain @entity3 (DA) modulates the activity of basal ganglia circuitry important for motor control in a variety of species. In songbirds, DA underlies motivational behavior including reproductive drive and is implicated as a gatekeeper for neural activity governing vocal variability. In the @entity6 , @entity6 , DA levels increase in Area X, a song-dedicated subregion of the basal ganglia, when a male bird sings his courtship song to a female (female-directed; FD). Levels remain stable when he sings a less stereotyped version that is not directed toward a conspecific (undirected; UD). Here, we used a mild dose of the neurotoxin @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to reduce presynaptic DA input to Area X and characterized the effects on FD and @entity1 . Immunoblots were used to quantify levels of @entity5 hydroxylase (TH) as a biomarker for DA afferent loss in vehicle- and @entity4 -injected birds. Following @entity4 administration, TH signals were lower in Area X but not in an adjacent subregion, ventral striatal-pallidum (VSP). A postsynaptic marker of DA signaling was unchanged in both regions. These observations suggest that effects were specific to presynaptic afferents of vocal basal ganglia. Concurrently, vocal variability was reduced during UD but not FD song. Similar decreases in vocal variability are observed in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), but the link to DA loss is not well-understood. The @entity4 songbird model offers a unique opportunity to further examine how DA loss in cortico-basal ganglia pathways affects vocal control.

title: Reduced vocal variability in a @entity6 model of XXXX depletion: implications for @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Midbrain @entity3 (DA) modulates the activity of basal ganglia circuitry important for motor control in a variety of species. In songbirds, DA underlies motivational behavior including reproductive drive and is implicated as a gatekeeper for neural activity governing vocal variability. In the @entity6 , @entity6 , DA levels increase in Area X, a song-dedicated subregion of the basal ganglia, when a male bird sings his courtship song to a female (female-directed; FD). Levels remain stable when he sings a less stereotyped version that is not directed toward a conspecific (undirected; UD). Here, we used a mild dose of the neurotoxin @entity4 ( @entity4 ) to reduce presynaptic DA input to Area X and characterized the effects on FD and @entity1 . Immunoblots were used to quantify levels of @entity5 hydroxylase (TH) as a biomarker for DA afferent loss in vehicle- and @entity4 -injected birds. Following @entity4 administration, TH signals were lower in Area X but not in an adjacent subregion, ventral striatal-pallidum (VSP). A postsynaptic marker of DA signaling was unchanged in both regions. These observations suggest that effects were specific to presynaptic afferents of vocal basal ganglia. Concurrently, vocal variability was reduced during UD but not FD song. Similar decreases in vocal variability are observed in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ), but the link to DA loss is not well-understood. The @entity4 songbird model offers a unique opportunity to further examine how DA loss in cortico-basal ganglia pathways affects vocal control.

title: Reduced vocal variability in a @entity6 model of @entity3 depletion: implications for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To report on the frequency of features of age-related @entity1 in a black population based on fundus photograph gradings. DESIGN: Population-based study. SETTING: Barbados, West Indies. STUDY POPULATION: Residents of Barbados, selected by a random sample of Barbados-born citizens, aged 40 to 84 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Gradings from 30 degrees stereoscopic macular photographs. RESULTS: Black @entity0 (n = 3444) completed examinations at the study site and had gradable macular photographs in both eyes. Drusen larger than 63 microns occurred with comparable frequency in @entity0 and @entity0 . The frequency of small drusen decreased with age, while medium and large drusen were more common in older @entity0 . Frequencies of all age-related @entity1 -related characteristics were similar for @entity0 and @entity0 except for small drusen, which occurred more commonly in @entity0 . @entity2 also increased significantly with age. Exudative features occurred in 0.5% of the @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: This study provides population-based data on the frequency of features of age-related @entity1 based on photographic gradings of a black population. Features of early age-related @entity1 were common, but appeared at a lower frequency than has been reported for white populations. Exudative disease was infrequent, occurring in about one of 200 @entity0 .

title: Features of age-related XXXX in a black population. The Barbados Eye Study Group.

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report the development of culture conditions which routinely support clonal growth of normal @entity0 uroepithelial cells (HUC). Secondary cultures seeded at clonal densities and grown under conditions described herein have a colony-forming efficiency (CFE) and colony size that will be useful for in vitro experiments. Primary cultures were dispersed to single cells and seeded in a supplemented Ham's F12 medium containing 1% fetal bovine serum together with 3 X 10(5) lethally irradiated @entity1 feeder cells on plastic substrates preequilibrated with F12 medium containing 5 or 10% serum. Using these conditions, the average CFE was 16.1 +/- 2.5%. A cloning efficiency of 4.9 +/- 1.5% was obtained under the same conditions in serum-free F12+ when supplemented with a mixture of trace elements or 0.1 mM @entity4 . The epithelial nature of the cloned cells was confirmed by morphology and by positive immunofluorescent staining for @entity0 epithelial keratin proteins. To make this system useful for mutagenesis experiments, a clone of @entity1 feeder cells resistant to 5 micrograms/ml @entity3 (6TG) was derived from the parental cell line. This 6-TG-resistant Swiss 3T3 clone supports HUC clonal growth with a CFE of 17.9 +/- 2.0% CFE. We also report clonal growth of HUC without feeder cells using supplemented MCDB 170 medium containing 70 micrograms/ml @entity2 pituitary extract. The average cloning efficiency using these conditions was 5.7 +/- 1.7%.

title: Clonal growth of normal XXXX uroepithelial cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hyoid @entity2 due to @entity1 are exceedingly rare. Here, we present an isolated hyoid @entity2 caused by @entity1 as well as a detailed discussion of the injury and treatment options. A 32-year-old male was admitted to emergency department with odynophagia and severe @entity6 . He had been hit in the neck with a metal rod during a fight. Computed tomography scan revealed a @entity2 on hyoid bone and local swelling of adjacent soft tissues. The @entity0 \'s head was elevated, and ice packs were used to reduce the swelling. @entity5 and @entity3 were administered. @entity0 was discharged with a recommendation of out- @entity0 control. Odynophagia, @entity4 and dyspnoea should alert the physician to possible hyoid or laryngeal damage. Fibre optic laryngoscopy and neck CT are important diagnostic steps to reveal a possible life-threatening injury. Conservative treatment is usually adequate, and @entity0 rarely require surgical intervention.

title: An isolated hyoid XXXX caused by @entity1 to the neck.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Hyoid @entity2 due to @entity1 are exceedingly rare. Here, we present an isolated hyoid @entity2 caused by @entity1 as well as a detailed discussion of the injury and treatment options. A 32-year-old male was admitted to emergency department with odynophagia and severe @entity6 . He had been hit in the neck with a metal rod during a fight. Computed tomography scan revealed a @entity2 on hyoid bone and local swelling of adjacent soft tissues. The @entity0 \'s head was elevated, and ice packs were used to reduce the swelling. @entity5 and @entity3 were administered. @entity0 was discharged with a recommendation of out- @entity0 control. Odynophagia, @entity4 and dyspnoea should alert the physician to possible hyoid or laryngeal damage. Fibre optic laryngoscopy and neck CT are important diagnostic steps to reveal a possible life-threatening injury. Conservative treatment is usually adequate, and @entity0 rarely require surgical intervention.

title: An isolated hyoid @entity2 caused by XXXX to the neck.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Remarkable progress has been achieved in the neurophysiological study of the cerebellum. Based on these neurophysiological data, electronystagmographic (ENG) assessment of @entity3 was made to ascertain to what extent @entity3 could be diagnosed. In 13 @entity0 out of 17 whose lesions were mainly localized on one side through CT, @entity3 could be diagnosed by electronystagmographic findings. In the 1 @entity0 with @entity5 of the remaining 4, asymptomatic @entity6 was detected unexpectedly through CT. In the remaining 3 @entity0 , differential diagnosis from @entity2 was difficult to evaluate on the basis of ENG findings. In 13 @entity0 showing cerebellar signs and symptoms, pursuit eye movements, @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and fixation-suppression of caloric @entity4 were @entity1 on both sides, suggesting large mass effects upon the bilateral brainstem. However, either rebound @entity4 or opposing positioning @entity4 characteristic of @entity3 was detected in 13 @entity0 (81%). The same was true in @entity0 with @entity3 . ENG test, however, could not detect any @entity0 who showed neither cerebellar signs nor symptoms. Further investigations are needed to supplement the gap between basic and clinical research.

title: Electronystagmographic assessment of XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The Kansas City @entity1 Questionnaire (KCCQ) is specifically designed to evaluate quality of life in @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability, validity, and responsiveness to change of the Spanish version of the KCCQ. METHODS: The multicenter study involved 315 @entity0 with @entity2 . @entity0 were evaluated at baseline and at weeks 24 and 26. The KCCQ, the Minnesota Living with @entity2 Questionnaire (MLHFQ), and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) were administered. Reliability was assessed in stable @entity0 (n=163) by examining test-retest and internal consistency measures between weeks 24 and 26. Validity was evaluated at baseline (n=315) by determining how KCCQ scores varied with New York Heart Association functional class and by comparing scores with those on similar domains of the MLHFQ and SF-36. Responsiveness to change was assessed in @entity0 who experienced significant clinical improvement between baseline and week 24 (n=31) by determining the effect size. RESULTS: Reliability coefficients ranged between 0.70 and 0.96 for the different domains. Mean KCCQ scores varied significantly with New York Heart Association functional class (P<.001). Correlations with comparable domains on the other questionnaires were acceptable (e.g. for physical limitation, they were between 0.77 and 0.81). The changes observed at 24 weeks in the majority of KCCQ scores in the subsample that improved corresponded to a moderate effect size (i.e. 0.4-0.6). CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the KCCQ has good metric properties (i.e. validity, reliability and responsiveness), which make it suitable for use in evaluating quality of life in Spanish @entity2 @entity0 .

title: Validation of the Spanish version of the Kansas city XXXX questionnaire.

answer: @entity1


abstract: To explore the role of perivascular cells in angiogenesis and vasomotricity, placental cultures of perivascular cells were performed from calibrated villi excised from term placentas. Microvessels were isolated using repeated digestion of villi by collagenase-dispase and purification by Percoll gradients. Plated on Petri dishes, the microvessels became adherent to the gelatin matrix permitting to cells to proliferate. Cells were harvested and subcultured. Endothelial and pericyte cell lines were identified by phase contrast microscopy. Pericyte number predominated rapidly, the endothelial cells remaining visible. After seven days, cells started to cluster, thus piled up and built numerous nodules. Medium-size oval endothelial cells were stained by anti- @entity2 factor and anti-IgG coupled to @entity1 . Large cells with irregular border reacted to smooth muscle anti-alpha-actin and anti-IgG coupled to @entity1 . There was no cross-reaction of these two cell types with the antibodies. In contrast, nodules were stained by both immunostainings. Endothelial cells reacting to @entity2 factor antibody were frequently associated to the nodule. The isolation of microvessels from the @entity0 placenta described in this study allowed the establishment of cultures of endothelial cells and pericytes that show: i) rapid predominance of pericytes over endothelial cells, ii) formation of nodules, iii) participation of endothelial cells and pericytes to nodules formation.

title: Mixed culture of pericytes and endothelial cells from fetal microvessels of the XXXX placenta.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: To preliminarily examine whether solubility of water-soluble @entity3 ( @entity1 ) microspheres in blood plasma changes in proportion to their degrees of saponification. The study also examined their feasibility as a temporary embolic agents in the @entity2 renal artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three types of @entity1 microspheres with the degrees of saponification of 97 mol% (S97), 98 mol% (S98), and 99 mol% (S99) were prepared. Seven kidneys in seven miniature @entity2 were embolized and divided into three groups so there would be at least two kidneys for each type of @entity1 . One animal in each group was euthanized immediately after angiography at 3 hours after embolization and the other one at 7 days after. In addition, one animal embolized with S99 microspheres was euthanized at 21 days after embolization. RESULTS: With S97 microspheres, the vascular network had recovered to the preembolic state by 3 hours after embolization. With S98 microspheres, blood flow in the third-order branch had been restored in the same period. With S99 microspheres, the second- and lower order branches remained occluded until 21 days. Histopathologic specimens harvested at 3 hours revealed only a trace of @entity1 for S97 microspheres. With S98 microspheres, the vascular lumen was still found to be filled with @entity1 gel. With S99 microspheres, swollen microspheres densely filled the vascular lumen even on day 21. CONCLUSIONS: Dissolution process in vitro and the duration of @entity0 in vivo were possibly related to the degree of saponification of @entity1 . This result may support feasibility of @entity1 microspheres as a temporary embolic agent.

title: Water-soluble XXXX microspheres for temporary embolization: development and in vivo characteristics in a @entity2 kidney model.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To preliminarily examine whether solubility of water-soluble @entity3 ( @entity1 ) microspheres in blood plasma changes in proportion to their degrees of saponification. The study also examined their feasibility as a temporary embolic agents in the @entity2 renal artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three types of @entity1 microspheres with the degrees of saponification of 97 mol% (S97), 98 mol% (S98), and 99 mol% (S99) were prepared. Seven kidneys in seven miniature @entity2 were embolized and divided into three groups so there would be at least two kidneys for each type of @entity1 . One animal in each group was euthanized immediately after angiography at 3 hours after embolization and the other one at 7 days after. In addition, one animal embolized with S99 microspheres was euthanized at 21 days after embolization. RESULTS: With S97 microspheres, the vascular network had recovered to the preembolic state by 3 hours after embolization. With S98 microspheres, blood flow in the third-order branch had been restored in the same period. With S99 microspheres, the second- and lower order branches remained occluded until 21 days. Histopathologic specimens harvested at 3 hours revealed only a trace of @entity1 for S97 microspheres. With S98 microspheres, the vascular lumen was still found to be filled with @entity1 gel. With S99 microspheres, swollen microspheres densely filled the vascular lumen even on day 21. CONCLUSIONS: Dissolution process in vitro and the duration of @entity0 in vivo were possibly related to the degree of saponification of @entity1 . This result may support feasibility of @entity1 microspheres as a temporary embolic agent.

title: Water-soluble @entity3 microspheres for temporary embolization: development and in vivo characteristics in a XXXX kidney model.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 ( @entity3 ) is a common, blinding disease of the elderly in which macular photoreceptor cells, retinal pigment epithelium and choriocapillaris endothelial cells ultimately degenerate. Recent studies have found that @entity1 occurs early in this disease and that endothelial cell drop-out is concomitant with increased deposition of the complement membrane attack complex (MAC) at the choroidal endothelium. However, the impact of MAC injury to choroidal endothelial cells is poorly understood. To model this event in vitro, and to study the downstream consequences of MAC injury, endothelial cells were exposed to complement from human serum, compared to heat-inactivated serum, which lacks complement components. Cells exposed to complement components in human serum showed increased labelling with antibodies directed against the MAC, time- and dose-dependent cell death, as assessed by @entity2 dehydrogenase assay and increased permeability. RNA-Seq analysis following complement injury revealed increased expression of genes associated with angiogenesis including @entity5 , and @entity0 . The MAC-induced increase in @entity4 RNA expression was validated using C5-depleted serum compared to C5-reconstituted serum. Increased levels of @entity4 were also established, using western blot and zymography. These data suggest that, in addition to cell lysis, complement attack on choroidal endothelial cells promotes an angiogenic phenotype in surviving cells. Copyright    2015 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley _ Sons, Ltd.

title: Molecular response of chorioretinal endothelial cells to complement injury: implications for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Radiobiological modeling was used to explore optimum combination strategies for treatment of disseminated @entity1 of differing radiosensitivity and differing patterns of metastatic spread. The purpose of the study was to derive robust conclusions about the design of combination strategies that incorporate a targeting component. Preliminary clinical experience of a @entity3 treatment strategy, which is based upon general principles obtained from modelling, is briefly described. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The radiobiological analysis was based on an extended (dose-rate dependent) formulation of the linear quadratic model. Radiation dose and dose rate for targeted irradiation of @entity1 of differing size was in part based on microdosimetric considerations. The analysis was applied to several @entity1 types with postulated differences in the pattern of metastatic spread, represented by the steepness of the slope of the relationship between numbers of @entity1 present and @entity1 diameter. The clinical pilot study entailed the treatment of five @entity0 with advanced @entity3 using a combination of 131I @entity4 (mIBG) and total body irradiation followed by @entity2 . RESULTS: The theoretical analysis shows that both intrinsic radiosensitivity and pattern of metastatic spread can influence the composition of the ideal optimum combination strategy. High intrinsic radiosensitivity generally favors a high proportion of targeting component in the combination treatment, while a strong tendency to micrometastatic spread favors a major contribution by total body irradiation. The @entity3 @entity0 were treated using a combination regimen with an initially low targeting component (2 Gy whole body dose from targeting component plus 12 Gy from total body irradiation). The treatment was tolerable and resulted in remissions in excess of 9 months in each of these advanced @entity3 @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Radiobiological analysis, which incorporates simple models of metastatic spread, emphasizes the importance of the total body irradiation component in a targeting/total body irradiation combination strategy. However, the analysis favors a larger targeting component than is used in clinical practice at present. A cautious escalation of the 131I mIBG component in the combination treatment of advanced @entity3 appears justified.

title: Optimum combination of targeted 131I and total body irradiation for treatment of disseminated XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Since 1985, the University of Minnesota Hospital and Clinic has investigated the efficacy and safety of 8 MHz radiofrequency (RF) capacitive @entity3 using the Thermotron RF-8. This study reports the thermometric and clinical results of 119 @entity0 treated with RF @entity3 in combination with radiotherapy (RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Of 119 @entity0 , 69 received high-dose RT and 50 @entity0 received low-dose RT because of previous irradiation to the treatment site. The most common anatomic sites treated were within the pelvic cavity or head and neck area. Thirty-three percent and 24% of @entity1 treated were > 7 cm and > 10 cm in largest diameter, respectively. Forty percent of the @entity0 had @entity1 (depth > 6 cm). @entity3 was given as soon as possible after RT twice weekly, allowing at least 72 h between treatments. The objective was to raise intratumoral temperatures to 42-43 degrees C or above for 30-50 min while keeping normal tissue temperatures below 40-41 degrees C. RESULTS: Of 119 @entity0 , 40% achieved a Tmax @entity1 temperature of > 42 degrees C and 40% achieved 40-42 degrees C Tmax. Higher Tmax) @entity1 temperatures were observed as @entity1 size increased. Tumors > 10 cm in largest diameter had a Tmax of 42.2 degrees C. @entity1 depth was not a significant factor for the @entity1 temperatures achieved. Of 119 @entity0 , 11% achieved complete response and 38% achieved partial response. Of the no-response @entity0 , 34% had symptomatic palliation and 15% had stable disease for at least 12 months after treatment. We were able to treat @entity1 of @entity0 with subcutaneous fat as thick as 3 cm by precooling the fat for 20 min with 10-15 degrees C saline-filled boluses prior to the initiation of heating. During treatment, 60% of @entity0 complained of varying degrees of @entity2 and 19% had @entity2 that was a factor in limiting treatment. Vital signs were relatively stable and not a factor in limiting treatment. CONCLUSION: The Thermotron RF-8 is a useful @entity3 device that can raise @entity1 temperatures to a therapeutic level (i.e., 42 degrees C) in a significant proportion of @entity0 with superficial, subsurface, and @entity1 , with minimal adverse effects, complications, and systemic stress. Further clinical studies using improved thermometry systems are warranted.

title: Clinical experience using 8 MHz radiofrequency capacitive XXXX in combination with radiotherapy: results of a phase I/II study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Fifth metacarpal @entity2 are common and comprise a significant proportion of traditional orthopaedic @entity2 clinic workload. We reviewed the functional outcome and the satisfaction of @entity0 managed with a new protocol that promoted "self-care" and resulted in the discharge of most of these @entity0 from the emergency department with no further follow-up. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed of @entity0 discharged with a fifth @entity2 between April 2012 to October 2012. A postal questionnaire was sent to each @entity0 , followed by a telephone call. @entity0 -reported outcome measures (EQ-5D, QuickDASH) and @entity0 satisfaction were assessed. Of the 167 @entity0 eligible for the study, 5 were excluded. Of the remaining 162, 64 were uncontactable or declined to participate. The mean follow-up time was 21.6  months (SD 1.9, range 18.1 to 24.7). RESULTS: The median EQ-5D health index score was 0.87 (IQR 0.74 to 1.00), and the median QuickDASH score was 2.3 (IQR 0 to 6.8). Seventy-nine (80.6  %) @entity0 were satisfied with the outcome of their injury, while 83 (84.9  %) reported being satisfied with the process. There was no difference between those with a @entity2 or those without a @entity2 in EQ-5D (p   =   0.307) or QuickDASH (p   =   0.820). CONCLUSION: Fifth metacarpal @entity2 can be managed effectively through an Emergency Department protocol without any formal orthopaedic follow-up. This pathway lead to excellent @entity0 -reported outcome measures and @entity0 satisfaction. This protocol has reduced unnecessary hospital attendances for @entity0 and increased the time available for clinicians to deal with more @entity1 .

title: Satisfaction and functional outcome with "self-care" for the management of fifth metacarpal XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Diagnostic and therapeutic values regarding echoguided percutaneous treatment of @entity1 are reviewed and discussed. Since 1987 we have detected by ultrasonography 48 @entity1 , 22 asymptomatic @entity0 were evaluated periodically. A ultrasound guided percutaneous puncture was performed in 26 symptomatic @entity0 . 10 @entity0 affected by @entity5 were treated by aspiration and injection of antibiotics. 14 oligospermic @entity0 underwent cyst aspiration followed by introduction of sclerosing agents ( @entity6 or @entity2 ). In one communicating @entity1 has been performed. A @entity4 has been resolved by surgical procedure. In the follow-up (2 months - 6 years) we observed: 5 recurrences (50%) in the cysts treated with antibiotics and 6 (43%) recurrences in the cysts treated with sclerosing agents. However, 8 @entity0 out of 10 obtained a resolution of the urinary symptoms and 8 @entity0 out of 14 improved their seminal parameters. On our experience, percutaneous echoguided treatment of @entity3 is a suitable and safe technique because of the possibility to resolve some clinic problems, although an high recurrence rate.

title: [Echo-guided percutaneous treatment of XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A review is presented of 20 @entity0 consecutively operated on for acute @entity5 . The diagnosis was established from at least two of the criteria: (a) typical clinical features, (b) two blood cultures positive for the same causal microorganism, and (c) echocardiographic evidence of @entity1 . In all cases there was histologic evidence of active @entity3 in the surgical specimen. Only three of the 20 @entity0 had no previous @entity4 . The most common causal agent was @entity7 . The indications for surgery were @entity6 or @entity3 (18 and 2 cases, respectively). Aortic valve replacement was performed in 16 of the 20 cases, suggesting that aortic valvulopathy aggravates the course of @entity8 and increases the risk of @entity6 . The overall mortality rate was 30%. All surviving @entity0 were @entity2 follow-up. Surgery is considered to be the management of choice in active valvular, therapy-resistant @entity9 with or without @entity6 .

title: Surgical treatment of active XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Campylobacter spp. has been identified as one of the leading causes of @entity3 in the world. In recent years, an increase was demonstrated in the incidence of campylobacteriosis in several countries, including Israel. The incidence rate of campylobacteriosis in Israel increased from 22.3 per 100000 in 1997 to 77.4 per 100000 in 2009. The aim of this study was to explore risk factors for @entity1 with Campylobacter among young @entity0 in Israel. METHODS: A matched case-control study was performed to investigate risk factors for sporadic @entity4 among 113 affected @entity0 1 to 5 years of age and 113 age-, gender- and neighborhood-matched controls. Information about exposure to potential risk factors was obtained via telephone interview and was evaluated by conditional logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: In the multivariable model, for each additional @entity2 meal consumed during the week before the onset of illness, the odds for @entity4 increased by 32% (adjusted matched odds ratios (aMOR)=1.32, 95%CI: 1.01-1.72, p-value=0.04) while consumption of fruits and vegetables decreased the odds for @entity4 by 97% (aMOR=0.03, 95%CI: 0.00-0.28, p-value<0.01), and for each additional @entity0 living in the household, the odds for @entity1 decreased by 48% (aMOR=0.52, 95%CI: 0.33-0.83, p-value<0.01). Using diaper increased the odds for campylobacteriosis (aMOR=7.36, 95%CI: 1.66-32.70, p-value<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Interventions that focus on proper handling of @entity2 and @entity2 products, hand washing and encouraging consumption of fruits and vegetables could help in controlling @entity4 .

title: Risk Factors for Sporadic Infection with Campylobacter Spp. among XXXX in Israel: A Case-Control Study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance of @entity3 acute @entity4 (AM) in @entity0 have changed in the post pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) era. METHODS: Medical records of pneumococcal AM cases, in a tertiary Pediatric Hospital were reviewed from 1/1999-12/2014. @entity3 isolates were serotyped using the quellung reaction and tested for antibiotic susceptibility by E-test and for @entity8 resistance genes by PCR. RESULTS: Among 334 @entity0 with AM, @entity3 was isolated from 89(26.6%) with median age 22 months (IQR: 12-30m). @entity3 was recovered from ear fluid (58%), mastoid specimens (35.2%), and blood (6.8%). Resistance to @entity1 , @entity5 and @entity6 was 12.4%, 49.4% and 18% respectively. Distribution of pneumococcal serotypes before (1999-2005), after the introduction of PCV7 (2006-2010) and after PCV13 (2011-2014) was found: for the PCV7 serotypes 81%, 25%, 0%, (p<0.0001), for PCV13 additional serotypes 16.3%, 70.8%, 63.6%, (p<0.0001) and for non- @entity2 serotypes 2.3%, 4.1%, 36.3%, (p=0.0002) respectively. Significant increase was detected for the serotype @entity7 after PCV7 and this trend was not changed after PCV13 (2.3%, 50%, 50% respectively, p<0.0001). A significant proportion of resistant isolates to @entity1 (54.5%) and @entity5 (34.8%) were identified as @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: After the introduction of PCV7 a significant increase of serotype @entity7 as well as replacement of PCVs serotypes were identified. After PCV13 the overall proportion of @entity4 and the incidence of serotype @entity7 were not significantly declined. A significant proportion of resistant isolates to @entity1 and @entity5 are attributed to serotype @entity7 .

title: XXXX in @entity0 Before and After the Introduction of Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccines.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To determine whether serotype distribution and antibiotic resistance of @entity3 acute @entity4 (AM) in @entity0 have changed in the post pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) era. METHODS: Medical records of pneumococcal AM cases, in a tertiary Pediatric Hospital were reviewed from 1/1999-12/2014. @entity3 isolates were serotyped using the quellung reaction and tested for antibiotic susceptibility by E-test and for @entity8 resistance genes by PCR. RESULTS: Among 334 @entity0 with AM, @entity3 was isolated from 89(26.6%) with median age 22 months (IQR: 12-30m). @entity3 was recovered from ear fluid (58%), mastoid specimens (35.2%), and blood (6.8%). Resistance to @entity1 , @entity5 and @entity6 was 12.4%, 49.4% and 18% respectively. Distribution of pneumococcal serotypes before (1999-2005), after the introduction of PCV7 (2006-2010) and after PCV13 (2011-2014) was found: for the PCV7 serotypes 81%, 25%, 0%, (p<0.0001), for PCV13 additional serotypes 16.3%, 70.8%, 63.6%, (p<0.0001) and for non- @entity2 serotypes 2.3%, 4.1%, 36.3%, (p=0.0002) respectively. Significant increase was detected for the serotype @entity7 after PCV7 and this trend was not changed after PCV13 (2.3%, 50%, 50% respectively, p<0.0001). A significant proportion of resistant isolates to @entity1 (54.5%) and @entity5 (34.8%) were identified as @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: After the introduction of PCV7 a significant increase of serotype @entity7 as well as replacement of PCVs serotypes were identified. After PCV13 the overall proportion of @entity4 and the incidence of serotype @entity7 were not significantly declined. A significant proportion of resistant isolates to @entity1 and @entity5 are attributed to serotype @entity7 .

title: @entity4 in XXXX Before and After the Introduction of Conjugate Pneumococcal Vaccines.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Studies of @entity4 in @entity1 have examined @entity1 as a homogeneous disease. We sought to identify subgroups among @entity0 with @entity1 based on potential risk factors for @entity4 . METHODS: @entity0 were 2,445 employees with @entity1 from three prospective cohorts (the Finnish Public Sector study, the GAZEL study, and the Whitehall II study). Work disability was ascertained via linkage to registers of sickness @entity6 and disability pensions during a follow-up of 4 years. Study-specific latent class analysis was used to identify subgroups according to prevalent comorbid disease and health-risk behaviours. Study-specific associations with @entity4 at follow-up were pooled using fixed-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: Separate latent class analyses for @entity0 and @entity0 in each cohort supported a two-class solution with one subgroup (total n = 1,086; 44.4%) having high prevalence of chronic somatic diseases, @entity5 , @entity2 , physical inactivity and abstinence from @entity3 and the other subgroup (total n = 1,359; 55.6%) low prevalence of these factors. In the adjusted meta-analyses, @entity0 in the 'high-risk' group had more @entity4 days (pooled rate ratio = 1.66, 95% CI 1.38-1.99) and more @entity4 episodes (pooled rate ratio = 1.33, 95% CI 1.21-1.46). These associations were similar in @entity0 and @entity0 , younger and older @entity0 , and across occupational groups. CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 is not a homogeneous disease in terms of @entity4 risk. Approximately half of @entity0 with @entity1 are assigned to a subgroup characterised by clustering of comorbid health conditions, @entity2 , physical inactivity, abstinence of @entity3 , and associated high risk of @entity4 ; the other half to a subgroup characterised by a more favourable risk profile.

title: Work Disability among Employees with XXXX : Latent Class Analysis of Risk Factors in Three Prospective Cohort Studies.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The prognostic significance of capsular incision (CapI) into @entity1 during radical prostatectomy (RP) with otherwise organ-confined disease remains uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of CapI into @entity1 on oncologic outcome. DESIGN, SETTING, AND @entity0 : A retrospective review of 8110 consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 treated at Ottawa Hospital and at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, both tertiary @entity4 centers, between 1985 and 2008. INTERVENTION: All @entity0 underwent an open, laparoscopic or robotic RP. MEASUREMENTS: @entity0 were divided into four pathologic categories: group 1 (CapI group), positive surgical margins (PSMs) without extraprostatic extension (EPE); group 2, negative surgical margins (NSMs) without EPE; group 3, NSM with EPE; group 4, PSMs with EPE. Estimates of recurrence-free survival were generated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Recurrence was defined as a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >0.2 ng/ml and rising. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for recurrence controlling for pretreatment PSA, RP date, RP Gleason sum, seminal vesicle invasion, and lymph node involvement. Pathologic categories were defined in the model by including the variables EPE and surgical margins (SMs) as well as their interaction. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: Median follow-up was 37.3 mo. The 5-yr recurrence-free probability after RP for the CapI group was 77% (95% confidence interval [CI], 72-83). This was not only inferior to @entity0 with NSMs and no EPE (log rank p<0.0001) but also to those with NSMs and EPE (log rank p=0.0002). In multivariate analysis the interaction between EPE and SM was not significant (p=0.26). In the adjusted model excluding the interaction term, @entity0 with EPE had an increased risk for recurrence (HR: 1.80; 95% CI, 1.49-2.17; p<0.0001) as did those with positive margins (HR: 1.81; 95% CI, 1.51-2.15; p<0.0001). This was a retrospective study. CONCLUSIONS: CapI into @entity1 has a significant impact on @entity0 outcome following RP. @entity0 , who otherwise would have organ-confined disease, will now have a higher probability of recurrence than those with completely resected @entity2 .

title: The prognostic significance of capsular incision into XXXX during radical prostatectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 , a @entity3 and phospholipid-binding protein, is an important endogenous modulator of @entity1 . Whether this regulatory role extends to @entity6 is unknown. The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic and protein expression of @entity2 in carotid endarterectomy specimens from @entity0 with significant @entity5 . MATERIALS AND METHODS: The echogenicity of @entity6 was determined by ultrasound prior to carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in 34 consecutively recruited @entity0 with @entity5 exceeding 70%. The @entity2 messenger RNA and protein expression of the corresponding plaques obtained from those @entity0 were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and the immunohistochemical method respectively. Results were analyzed with respect to plaque characteristics and symptomatic disease. RESULTS: There were 25 males and 9 females, with a mean age of 68.8. Ten @entity0 were asymptomatic. The symptomatic @entity0 ' plaques were more echolucent (mean grey scale median (GSM) of 103) than those of asymptomatic @entity0 (mean GSM = 126, p = 0.022). The @entity2 protein was constitutively expressed in all plaques, and @entity2 gene expression was statistically higher in @entity0 with @entity8 compared with those with neurological symptoms (87    4% vs. 42    6.2%; p < 0.001, unpaired t-test). The GSM score was positively correlated with @entity2 levels in @entity0 with high-grade carotid @entity7 (r = 0.501, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to suggest that high @entity2 expression may have a stabilising effect in asymptomatic @entity0 with less echolucent @entity6 . Since @entity6 is an inflammatory process, we further postulate that @entity2 may play an essential role in preventing @entity4 or disease progression.

title: XXXX expression in atherosclerotic carotid plaques and its relationship with plaque characteristics.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Effect of wearing @entity3 gloves on the thermal exchanges of wet-suited divers was studied in 8 Korean diving @entity0 . Subjects, clad with 5-6-mm-thick neoprene wet suits (jacket, pants, and boots) either with or without wearing 3-mm-thick neoprene gloves, were immersed for 3 h in water of critical temperature (17.3 degrees +/- 0.8 degree C) while the rectal and skin (chest, leg, arm, and hand) temperatures and @entity1 consumption were measured. Overall thermal insulation of the subject plus suit was calculated from the rectal-to-water temperature difference divided by the estimated rate of skin @entity2 . The skin @entity2 was assumed to equal metabolic heat production minus respiratory @entity2 , corrected for changes in heat storage when mean body temperature changed. All measurements were carried out in a resting condition. During the 3rd h of immersion, the rectal temperature was lower with gloves (delta Tre = 0.30 degree +/- 0.04 degree C; P less than 0.05) whereas metabolic heat production was not significantly different. Consequently, the total thermal insulation was nearly 16% lower with gloves than without gloves. In both the hands and forearms, the regional heat flux determined directly using a heat flux transducer was higher and the thermal insulation index was lower with gloves than without gloves. These results indicate that in wet-suited subjects resting in cold (17 degrees C) water gloves do not provide additional protection against @entity2 , but rather decrease the efficiency of thermoregulatory mechanisms. We suggest that sensory input from cold receptors in the distal extremities is particularly important in thermoregulation during immersion in cold water.

title: Effect of wearing gloves on the thermal balance of Korean XXXX wet-suit divers in cold water.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The present study was carried out in a private periodontal practice. 8 clinical criteria were chosen to select @entity0 for microbiological examination. These criteria characterize prominent features of disease which at the start, during, or in the maintenance phase of treatment suggest difficulties in the progress of the periodontal therapy. Based on these clinical characteristics, an inventory was made of the prevalence of the 3 putative periodontal pathogens: @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity4 . Out of 320 referred @entity0 91 @entity0 did meet > or = 1 of the clinical criteria and consequently were selected for microbiological examination. Results showed that young @entity0 (19-30 years) with @entity2 demonstrated the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans more often (69%: p < 0.005) compared to older age cohorts. A. actinomycetemcomitans was found more often when localized breakdown (in particular in the 1st molar and incisor region) was observed and in @entity0 who responded poorly to scaling and rootplaning. @entity3 and @entity4 were most frequently recovered in @entity0 showing primarily a @entity1 pattern of angular defects of > or = 5 mm. Retrospectively, these @entity0 were further categorized, based on full mouth radiographs, in (1) @entity0 with primarily horizontal @entity1 and (2) @entity0 with primarily angular bony defects. Results showed that A. actinomycetemcomitans occurred less frequently in @entity0 showing horizontal @entity1 (p < 0.05).

title: The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, XXXX and @entity4 in selected subjects with @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The present study was carried out in a private periodontal practice. 8 clinical criteria were chosen to select @entity0 for microbiological examination. These criteria characterize prominent features of disease which at the start, during, or in the maintenance phase of treatment suggest difficulties in the progress of the periodontal therapy. Based on these clinical characteristics, an inventory was made of the prevalence of the 3 putative periodontal pathogens: @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity4 . Out of 320 referred @entity0 91 @entity0 did meet > or = 1 of the clinical criteria and consequently were selected for microbiological examination. Results showed that young @entity0 (19-30 years) with @entity2 demonstrated the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans more often (69%: p < 0.005) compared to older age cohorts. A. actinomycetemcomitans was found more often when localized breakdown (in particular in the 1st molar and incisor region) was observed and in @entity0 who responded poorly to scaling and rootplaning. @entity3 and @entity4 were most frequently recovered in @entity0 showing primarily a @entity1 pattern of angular defects of > or = 5 mm. Retrospectively, these @entity0 were further categorized, based on full mouth radiographs, in (1) @entity0 with primarily horizontal @entity1 and (2) @entity0 with primarily angular bony defects. Results showed that A. actinomycetemcomitans occurred less frequently in @entity0 showing horizontal @entity1 (p < 0.05).

title: The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, @entity3 and XXXX in selected subjects with @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The present study was carried out in a private periodontal practice. 8 clinical criteria were chosen to select @entity0 for microbiological examination. These criteria characterize prominent features of disease which at the start, during, or in the maintenance phase of treatment suggest difficulties in the progress of the periodontal therapy. Based on these clinical characteristics, an inventory was made of the prevalence of the 3 putative periodontal pathogens: @entity5 , @entity3 , @entity4 . Out of 320 referred @entity0 91 @entity0 did meet > or = 1 of the clinical criteria and consequently were selected for microbiological examination. Results showed that young @entity0 (19-30 years) with @entity2 demonstrated the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans more often (69%: p < 0.005) compared to older age cohorts. A. actinomycetemcomitans was found more often when localized breakdown (in particular in the 1st molar and incisor region) was observed and in @entity0 who responded poorly to scaling and rootplaning. @entity3 and @entity4 were most frequently recovered in @entity0 showing primarily a @entity1 pattern of angular defects of > or = 5 mm. Retrospectively, these @entity0 were further categorized, based on full mouth radiographs, in (1) @entity0 with primarily horizontal @entity1 and (2) @entity0 with primarily angular bony defects. Results showed that A. actinomycetemcomitans occurred less frequently in @entity0 showing horizontal @entity1 (p < 0.05).

title: The prevalence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, @entity3 and @entity4 in selected subjects with XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the 3-year incidence of acute @entity2 in a population of noninstitutionalized elderly @entity0 . DESIGN: Cohort analytic study with an observation period of 3 years. SETTING: Large midwestern urban community. SUBJECTS: 574 noninstitutionalized @entity0 aged 65 years and older, of whom 349 were living independently, 110 were in congregate settings, and 115 were living independently and regularly caring for small @entity0 . METHODS: Subjects were interviewed and examined by nurse practitioners at intake and every 4 months. @entity1 and convalescent visits were made when illnesses were reported by @entity0 . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The incidence of acute @entity2 was used to test the hypothesis that elderly @entity0 taking care of @entity0 have the highest incidence, congregate-dwellers intermediate incidence, and those living independently the lowest incidence. RESULTS: The average incidence of acute @entity2 was 2.5 per 100 @entity0 months, comparable to rates reported in the National Health Survey. The incidence of @entity2 was significantly greater in subjects living in congregate settings or regularly caring for young @entity0 . Similarly, greater proportions of @entity0 in the congregate and @entity0 -care groups reported at least one episode of illness (P < .05). A more detailed analysis of exposure shows that acute @entity2 was significantly more common in subjects who had contact with @entity0 (P < .05). This risk was definitely present during the months November through February, and probably also during July through October, but was not observed for March through June. CONCLUSIONS: Elderly @entity0 living in the community experience low rates of acute upper @entity2 . Contact with @entity0 increases their risk of developing such illnesses during certain seasons of the year.

title: Acute XXXX in older community residents.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Soft tissue @entity5 were seen in 25 @entity0 with underlying @entity1 and @entity2 . The @entity2 included @entity9 , lupus, @entity10 , @entity7 , @entity4 and @entity8 . Infectious sites included the perianal area, gluteal, chest wall, extremity and the vulva. Eighty per cent of the @entity3 episodes occurred in @entity0 who were granulocytopenic. Initial presentation was of local tenderness and redness. Fluctuation and discoloration were present in nine @entity0 who were also @entity6 . Local drainage in five @entity0 resulted in the death of two (20%). Overall, the mortality was 3/25 (12%). Wide debridement and drainage and appropriate antibiotic therapy resulted in the death of 1/20 (5%) @entity0 . @entity6 , discoloration and fluctuation were found to be late signs in these @entity0 . Soft tissue @entity5 in the compromised host present subtly and progress to death if treatment is delayed. Temperature elevation and localized tenderness and erythema are indications for broad spectrum antibiotics and extensive intraoperative drainage and debridement.

title: Soft tissue XXXX in the compromised host.

answer: @entity5


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: A case report of treatment of extreme @entity4 using spinal osteotomy and halo-pelvic traction. OBJECTIVE: To describe the process and outcome of treatment of a case with extreme @entity4 using spine osteotomy and halo-pelvic traction. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Spinal TB causes @entity3 , and @entity5 . Long-standing @entity7 may progress with growth in @entity0 , and produces @entity8 , and @entity2 . Surgery may help to prevent or reverse the @entity1 , while improving pulmonary function in cases with significant @entity3 . METHODS: Review of records and radiographs. RESULTS: A 24-year-old female with @entity4 presented with bilateral lower extremities paresis and @entity6 . The vertebral bodies from T3-T9 were severely destructed, with a Cobb's angle of 180  on radiographs. The total duration of distraction using halo-pelvic apparatus kept 10 months. During the duration of traction, the @entity0 underwent a posterior release surgery because flexibility of the @entity7 was not sufficient. Pedicle subtraction osteotomy and pedicle screw fixation were performed to achieve final correction when the Cobb's angle decreased to about 80  . After the whole treatment of halo-pelvic traction and spine ostetomy, the @entity0 's height increased nearly 30cm, while the angular @entity7 was corrected to a Cobb's angle of 30  . The @entity0 had no complication and @entity1 during the treatment. Correction angle and good sagittal balance were well maintained in the duration of 2 years follow up. CONCLUSIONS: The halo-pelvic apparatus produces high corrective forces applied over a long period, and it provides a slow and safe correction of deformity. In cases of extreme @entity3 , halo-pelvic traction is an appropriate technique, while avoiding many serious complications from a rapid, one-stage correction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: N/A.

title: Treatment of Extreme XXXX Using Spinal Osteotomy and Halo-pelvic Traction: A Case Report.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Studies with fluorescent @entity1 indicators in large populations of neutrophils in suspension reveal a stable base line followed by a rapid agonist-induced elevation of cytosolic free @entity2 , [ @entity1 ]i, concomitant with other parameters of cellular activation. To study the role of adhesion in cell activation, we monitored [ @entity1 ]i in single neutrophils adhered to albumin-coated or fibronectin-coated glass coverslips before and after stimulation with the chemotactic peptide @entity5 ( @entity4 ). @entity0 neutrophils loaded with 2 microM @entity3 /AM were allowed to adhere to coverslips for 15-20 min at 37 degrees C. [ @entity1 ]i was monitored with a dual excitation microfluorimeter with a time resolution of 200 ms. Statistical analysis was performed using an algorithm allowing to detect significant [ @entity1 ]i peaks. 54% of the cells showed spontaneous [ @entity1 ]i oscillations. The amplitude of these [ @entity1 ]i peaks averaged 77 +/- 10 nM above basal levels (mean value of 110 +/- 20 nM), and their mean duration was 28 +/- 5 s; periods of [ @entity1 ]i bursts could last up to 15 min. In "silent" cells exhibiting a stable [ @entity1 ]i base line without spontaneous oscillations, low concentrations of @entity4 (10(-10)-10(-9) M) could induce sustained [ @entity1 ]i oscillations. By contrast, higher agonist concentrations (10(-6) M) induced a single [ @entity1 ]i transient followed by a stable base line. 47% of the cells showing spontaneous [ @entity1 ]i oscillations did not respond to @entity4 . Spontaneous [ @entity1 ]i oscillations depended on the continuous presence of extracellular @entity1 . Therefore: (i) spontaneous oscillations of [ @entity1 ]i occur in neutrophils adherent to various substrata; (ii) these oscillations do not preclude and can be dissociated from the response to @entity4 ; (iii) neutrophil functions might be controlled by [ @entity1 ]i oscillations rather than by sustained alterations of [ @entity1 ]i.

title: Spontaneous and chemoattractant-induced oscillations of cytosolic free XXXX in single adherent @entity0 neutrophils.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Studies with fluorescent @entity1 indicators in large populations of neutrophils in suspension reveal a stable base line followed by a rapid agonist-induced elevation of cytosolic free @entity2 , [ @entity1 ]i, concomitant with other parameters of cellular activation. To study the role of adhesion in cell activation, we monitored [ @entity1 ]i in single neutrophils adhered to albumin-coated or fibronectin-coated glass coverslips before and after stimulation with the chemotactic peptide @entity5 ( @entity4 ). @entity0 neutrophils loaded with 2 microM @entity3 /AM were allowed to adhere to coverslips for 15-20 min at 37 degrees C. [ @entity1 ]i was monitored with a dual excitation microfluorimeter with a time resolution of 200 ms. Statistical analysis was performed using an algorithm allowing to detect significant [ @entity1 ]i peaks. 54% of the cells showed spontaneous [ @entity1 ]i oscillations. The amplitude of these [ @entity1 ]i peaks averaged 77 +/- 10 nM above basal levels (mean value of 110 +/- 20 nM), and their mean duration was 28 +/- 5 s; periods of [ @entity1 ]i bursts could last up to 15 min. In "silent" cells exhibiting a stable [ @entity1 ]i base line without spontaneous oscillations, low concentrations of @entity4 (10(-10)-10(-9) M) could induce sustained [ @entity1 ]i oscillations. By contrast, higher agonist concentrations (10(-6) M) induced a single [ @entity1 ]i transient followed by a stable base line. 47% of the cells showing spontaneous [ @entity1 ]i oscillations did not respond to @entity4 . Spontaneous [ @entity1 ]i oscillations depended on the continuous presence of extracellular @entity1 . Therefore: (i) spontaneous oscillations of [ @entity1 ]i occur in neutrophils adherent to various substrata; (ii) these oscillations do not preclude and can be dissociated from the response to @entity4 ; (iii) neutrophil functions might be controlled by [ @entity1 ]i oscillations rather than by sustained alterations of [ @entity1 ]i.

title: Spontaneous and chemoattractant-induced oscillations of cytosolic free @entity2 in single adherent XXXX neutrophils.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Between May 1975 and December 1979, 113 @entity0 had 153 arthroplasties using a total condylar knee prosthesis. Thirty @entity0 (forty-two knees) died, and one (two knees) was lost to follow-up. Thirty-eight of these forty-four knees had been followed for more than two years, and none had had a revision. The remaining eighty-two @entity0 (109 knees) were followed for an average of nine years (range, seven to 11.5 years). At the time of the latest examination, ten had had a revision for various reasons. For the ninety-nine knees that had the original prosthesis, the findings were compared with those of an evaluation that had been done four years postoperatively. The average over-all knee score was found to have decreased between the four-year and the latest follow-up evaluation, primarily because of a 7-point decrease in the score for function. The rate of infection was 0.6 per cent. The knees that had had patellar resurfacing had better over-all scores and better scores for @entity1 than those that had not. This was particularly true in the @entity0 who had @entity2 . The results of arthroplasty using a total condylar prosthesis appeared to be consistent and durable. Although there was a decrease in the quality of the functional result with increasing age, the @entity0 reported consistent relief of @entity1 .

title: Use of a total condylar knee prosthesis for treatment of XXXX and rheumatoid arthritis. Long-term results.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: @entity0 fetal eyes are an excellent source for studies of the normal ocular development and for examining early ocular changes associated with various syndromes in the context of a pediatric pathologic or prenatal sonographic diagnosis. However, artifacts caused by different factors often render an exact interpretation difficult. In this study, the frequency and extent of artifacts in @entity0 fetal eyes were investigated with the aim of distinguishing more precisely these artifacts from real findings, allowing also for a more diligent forensic interpretation. METHODS: The cohort included 341 fetal eyes, ranging in age from 8 to 38 weeks of gestation, that were investigated macroscopically and by light microscopy. RESULTS: In most specimens, artifacts such as @entity3 and autolytic changes of the retina were noted. Nearly all specimens showed changes of the lens with remarkable similarities to @entity1 in adult eyes. Structural ocular changes associated with @entity2 were also observed and in most instances could be distinguished from artifacts. CONCLUSIONS: Morphologic changes in fetal eyes should be classified in artifacts caused by way of abortion, mechanical effects from the removal of the eyes, delayed fixation with autolysis, and the fixative itself and should be distinguished from genuine structural abnormalities associated with @entity4 . This classification can be fairly difficult and requires experience. In addition, lens artifacts are often misleading, and the diagnosis of a fetal @entity1 should not be made based on histopathologic examination alone.

title: Morphologic analysis of artifacts in XXXX fetal eyes confounding histopathologic investigations.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The influence of mitochondrial @entity1 kinase on subcellular high energy systems has been investigated using isolated @entity0 heart mitochondria, mitoplasts and intact heart and skeletal muscle tissue. In isolated mitochondria, the @entity1 kinase is functionally coupled to oxidative phosphorylation at active respiratory chain, so that it catalyses the formation of @entity2 against its thermodynamic equilibrium. Therefore the mass action ratio is shifted from the equilibrium ratio to lower values. At inhibited respiration, it is close to the equilibrium value, irrespective of the mechanism of the inhibition. The same results were obtained for mitoplasts under conditions where the mitochondrial @entity1 kinase is still associated with the inner membrane. In intact tissue increasing amounts of @entity2 are found in the mitochondrial compartment when respiration and/or muscle work are increased. It is suggested that at high rates of oxidative phosphorylation @entity2 is accumulated in the intermembrane space due to the high activity of mitochondrial @entity1 kinase and the restricted permeability of reactants into the extramitochondrial space. A certain amount of this @entity2 'leaks' into the mitochondrial matrix. This leak is confirmed in isolated @entity0 heart mitochondria where @entity2 is taken up when it is generated by the mitochondrial @entity1 kinase reaction. At inhibited @entity1 kinase, external @entity2 is not taken up. Likewise, mitoplasts only take up @entity2 when @entity1 kinase is still associated with the inner membrane. Both findings indicate that uptake is dependent on the functional active @entity1 kinase coupled to oxidative phosphorylation. @entity2 uptake into mitochondria is inhibited with @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Influence of mitochondrial XXXX kinase on the mitochondrial/extramitochondrial distribution of high energy phosphates in muscle tissue: evidence for a leak in the @entity1 shuttle.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The influence of mitochondrial @entity1 kinase on subcellular high energy systems has been investigated using isolated @entity0 heart mitochondria, mitoplasts and intact heart and skeletal muscle tissue. In isolated mitochondria, the @entity1 kinase is functionally coupled to oxidative phosphorylation at active respiratory chain, so that it catalyses the formation of @entity2 against its thermodynamic equilibrium. Therefore the mass action ratio is shifted from the equilibrium ratio to lower values. At inhibited respiration, it is close to the equilibrium value, irrespective of the mechanism of the inhibition. The same results were obtained for mitoplasts under conditions where the mitochondrial @entity1 kinase is still associated with the inner membrane. In intact tissue increasing amounts of @entity2 are found in the mitochondrial compartment when respiration and/or muscle work are increased. It is suggested that at high rates of oxidative phosphorylation @entity2 is accumulated in the intermembrane space due to the high activity of mitochondrial @entity1 kinase and the restricted permeability of reactants into the extramitochondrial space. A certain amount of this @entity2 'leaks' into the mitochondrial matrix. This leak is confirmed in isolated @entity0 heart mitochondria where @entity2 is taken up when it is generated by the mitochondrial @entity1 kinase reaction. At inhibited @entity1 kinase, external @entity2 is not taken up. Likewise, mitoplasts only take up @entity2 when @entity1 kinase is still associated with the inner membrane. Both findings indicate that uptake is dependent on the functional active @entity1 kinase coupled to oxidative phosphorylation. @entity2 uptake into mitochondria is inhibited with @entity3 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Influence of mitochondrial @entity1 kinase on the mitochondrial/extramitochondrial distribution of high energy phosphates in muscle tissue: evidence for a leak in the XXXX shuttle.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Linkage between @entity4 and increased immune response activation in @entity7 ( @entity7 ) has been reported. We performed a matched case-control study to evaluate correlation between @entity1 and @entity7 . METHODS: Data in this case-control study were from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. The sample comprised 845 2- to 18-year-old @entity0 with newly diagnosed @entity7 in 2003   2007 and 3378 controls frequency matched with cases on age, sex, and urbanization level. Unconditional logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the association between @entity1 (e.g., @entity6 , @entity2 , @entity3 , and @entity1 ), the number of allergic comorbidities, and @entity7 . RESULTS: The majority (76.0%) of incident @entity7 cases were @entity0 ; the 4 @entity1 strongly correlated with higher risk of @entity7 . In a model simultaneously considering all 4 @entity1 , subjects with @entity6 showed double the risk of @entity7 (adjusted OR = 2.18, 95%CI 1.83   2.59; p < 0.0001); adjusted ORs were 1.82, 1.61, and 1.33, respectively, for @entity3 (95% CI 1.47   2.24; p < 0.0001), @entity5 (95%CI 1.32   1.95; p < 0.0001), and @entity1 (95% CI 1.13   1.57; p < 0.001). Risk increased with number of comorbidities (p < 0.0001); this association was positively modified by age (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Our data showed significant correlation between @entity1 and @entity7 . Risk also increased with number of allergic comorbidities and with age. Further studies on the mechanism of neuroimmunology of @entity7 are required.

title: Correlation of XXXX : nationwide population-based case-control study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The study assessed the acceptability of internet-based @entity1 screening using home-testing kits among 16- to 29-year-old @entity0 and nonparticipants in the first year of a @entity1 Screening Implementation program in the Netherlands. METHODS: Questionnaire surveys were administered to randomly selected @entity0 (acceptability survey) and nonparticipants (nonresponse survey) in 3 regions of the Netherlands where screening was offered. @entity0 received email invitations to an online survey; nonparticipants received postal questionnaires. Both surveys enquired into opinions on the screening design, reasons for (non-) participation and future willingness to be tested. RESULTS: The response rate was 63% (3499/5569) in the acceptability survey and 15% (2053/13,724) in the nonresponse survey. Primary motivation for participating in the screening was "for my health" (63%). The main reason for nonresponse given by sexually active nonparticipants was "no perceived risk of infection" (40%). Only 2% reported nonparticipation due to no internet access. @entity0 found the internet (93%) and home-testing (97%) advantages of the program, regardless of test results. Two-thirds of @entity0 would test again, 92% via the screening program. Half of nonparticipants were appreciative of the program design, while about 1 in 5 did not like internet usage, home-testing, or posting samples. CONCLUSIONS: The screening method was highly acceptable to @entity0 . Nonparticipants in this survey were generally appreciative of the program design. Both groups made informed choices about participation and surveyed low-risk nonparticipants accurately perceived their low-risk status. Although many nonparticipants were not reached by the nonresponse survey, current insights on acceptability and nonresponse are undoubtedly valuable for evaluation of the current program.

title: Acceptability of the internet-based XXXX screening implementation in the Netherlands and insights into nonresponse.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of smoking on resting energy expenditure (REE) and the relationships among REE, smoking, @entity1 and oxidative stress in @entity0 with @entity9 . METHODS: A case control study of 31 smokers and 40 non-smokers with early stage of @entity9 (stage III) were performed to evaluate the chronic effect of smoking on REE. @entity6 ( @entity6 ), biomarkers of oxidative stress @entity4 ( @entity8 ), @entity2 dismutase (SOD) and @entity1 high-sensitivity @entity7 (hs-CRP), @entity5 , @entity3 were also measured in these subjects. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS: Compared with non-smokers, REE/ @entity6 in smokers group was significantly increased by 15.96% (P = 0.001). Pearson analysis showed that smoking was significantly correlated with REE/ @entity6 (t = 0.395, P = 0.001). There were significantly different between smokers and non-smokers in @entity8 , SOD and hs-CRP (P < 0.05). But no difference between two groups in @entity5 and @entity3 (P > 0.05). No significant relationships between REE/ @entity6 and @entity8 , SOD, hs-CRP, @entity5 , @entity3 was found (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Chronic smoking can lead to increased REE, arouse oxidative stress and inflammatory in @entity0 with early stage of @entity9 . However, there is no relationship between increased REE due to smoking and oxidative stress and inflammatory.

title: [The effect of smoking on resting energy expenditure in @entity0 with early XXXX ].

answer: @entity9


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of smoking on resting energy expenditure (REE) and the relationships among REE, smoking, @entity1 and oxidative stress in @entity0 with @entity9 . METHODS: A case control study of 31 smokers and 40 non-smokers with early stage of @entity9 (stage III) were performed to evaluate the chronic effect of smoking on REE. @entity6 ( @entity6 ), biomarkers of oxidative stress @entity4 ( @entity8 ), @entity2 dismutase (SOD) and @entity1 high-sensitivity @entity7 (hs-CRP), @entity5 , @entity3 were also measured in these subjects. Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS: Compared with non-smokers, REE/ @entity6 in smokers group was significantly increased by 15.96% (P = 0.001). Pearson analysis showed that smoking was significantly correlated with REE/ @entity6 (t = 0.395, P = 0.001). There were significantly different between smokers and non-smokers in @entity8 , SOD and hs-CRP (P < 0.05). But no difference between two groups in @entity5 and @entity3 (P > 0.05). No significant relationships between REE/ @entity6 and @entity8 , SOD, hs-CRP, @entity5 , @entity3 was found (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Chronic smoking can lead to increased REE, arouse oxidative stress and inflammatory in @entity0 with early stage of @entity9 . However, there is no relationship between increased REE due to smoking and oxidative stress and inflammatory.

title: [The effect of smoking on resting energy expenditure in XXXX with early @entity9 ].

answer: @entity0