abstract: PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the diagnostic value of ultrasonographic imaging (USI) in @entity2 . @entity0 AND METHODS: USI and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed in 182 temporomandibular joints (TMJs) of 91 @entity0 who were referred for treatment. After a detailed clinical examination, @entity0 who were clinically diagnosed with @entity1 disc derangement were referred to the radiology department for MRI and USI examinations. USI and MRI diagnoses of disc displacement were compared, using clinical diagnosis as the golden standard. The overall agreement between USI and MRI results was evaluated. RESULTS: Compared with the clinical diagnosis, MRI showed a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 62%, and an accuracy of 80% in the detection of internal derangements. The positive predictable value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio were 88%, 54%, and 2.29, respectively. Compared with the clinical diagnosis, USI showed a sensitivity of 69%, specificity of 80%, and accuracy of 71% in the detection of internal derangements. The positive predictable value, negative predictive value, and likelihood ratio were 92%, 42%, and 3.45, respectively. Comparing the agreements between the MRI and USI diagnoses of internal derangement, the k value was found to be 0.36, indicating poor reliability (P < .001). CONCLUSION: USI, a noninvasive and dynamic imaging method, is a reliable method in evaluating the position of the disc in @entity1 disc derangements. Better visualization of joint structures and more reliable results with higher sensitivity and accuracy can be achieved with high-resolution devices (>= 12 MHz).

title: Diagnostic value of ultrasonography in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: In a recent study, @entity0 with @entity1 (or @entity2 - @entity4 ) were shown to have difficulties making rapid online corrections when reaching, demonstrated by slower and less accurate movements to double-step targets (Hyde _ Wilson, 2011). These results suggest that @entity0 with @entity4 have difficulty using predictive estimates of limb position when making rapid adjustments to movement, in-flight. However, chronometric data alone does not provide strong evidence for this hypothesis: it remains unclear whether early (and rapid) control parameters or post-correction stages of the movement trajectory are affected. Thus, the overarching aim of this study was to conduct a kinematic analysis of double-step reaching in order to isolate the different control parameters that might explain the slower and less accurate double-step reaching performance of @entity0 with @entity4 . @entity0 were a new sample of 13 @entity0 with @entity4 aged between 8-12 years and 13 age-matched controls. @entity0 were required to reach and touch one of three possible targets presented at the coordinates -20  , 0   and 20   on a 17 in. @entity3 touch-screen. For most trials (80%) the target remained stationary for the duration of movement (non-jump trials), while for the remainder (20%), the target jumped randomly to one of two peripheral locations at movement onset (jump trials). Consistent with earlier work, @entity0 with @entity4 were slower to initiate reaching compared to controls and showed longer MT and more errors on jump trials. Kinematic data showed that while the two groups did not differ on time to peak velocity or acceleration, @entity0 with @entity4 were slower to correct reach trajectory on jump trials. No group differences were observed on late kinematic markers, e.g., post-correction time. The pattern of results support and extend earlier work showing deficits in ROC in @entity4 . From a computational perspective, delayed corrections to the reach trajectory suggests some difficulty integrating information about the target perturbation with a predictive (or forward) estimate of limb position relative to the initial target. These conclusions are discussed, along with directions for future research.

title: Dissecting online control in XXXX : a kinematic analysis of double-step reaching.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Stratification of @entity0 with @entity1 according to clinical severity was attempted by chromosomal analysis of 180 bone marrow specimens from 79 @entity0 . The 79 @entity0 were hospitalized and treated between 1994 and 1999. Abnormalities of chromosome 1 were detected at the initial medical examination in 8 (10%) of the 79 @entity0 and were found during follow-up in additional 3 @entity0 . Abnormalities of chromosome 1 were often detected in IgA (4/17) and IgD (2/4) @entity1 , while detection in IgG @entity1 was relatively rare (4/42). The relevant break points were 1q12 in 5 @entity0 and 1q42 and 1q21 in 3 @entity0 , while 3 @entity0 had trisomy 1. Deficiency of the long arm of chromosome 13 was detected in 6 @entity0 , and this was believed to imply a prognosis. The long arm was completely deleted in 2 @entity0 and part of the arm (13q10-14) was deleted in 4 @entity0 . It is interesting that all 6 @entity0 had concomitant abnormalities of chromosome 1. Although the initial response to treatment of @entity0 having abnormal chromosomes 1 and 13 was comparable to that of @entity0 having other @entity2 or @entity0 who were karyotypically normal, the median survival time was only 18 months (p < 0.02). Consequently, aggressive treatment such as early stem cell transplantation and so on is needed to improve their survival.

title: Clinical implications of abnormalities of chromosomes 1 and 13 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: STUDY DESIGN: Case report. OBJECTIVE: To report three cases of spinal @entity1 seen in the last 10 years and present the clinical characteristics and surgical outcome of these cases. METHOD: Two @entity0 were @entity0 aged 12 years and 7 months, respectively. The other was a female @entity0 aged 6 months. Chief complaints were @entity2 , back swelling and @entity3 . All @entity0 were diagnosed with magnetic resonance images. The lesion was located in the cervico-thoracic spine (foramen magnum to T1) in one case, thoracic spine (T9-T12) with the back swelling at @entity4 level in the second, and in the third, one mass extended from C6 to T11 and the other mass was located in the @entity6 level, separately. RESULT: All masses were removed subtotally and @entity5 was absent. Postoperatively, neurological status of the first and the second @entity0 were unchanged, but in the third case weakness was transiently aggravated. CONCLUSION: @entity1 is a rare spinal lesion and multiple @entity1 is extremely rare. Treatment principle is surgical decompression before symptom progression. Laminoplastic laminotomy is an appropriate approach for decompression of an @entity1 .

title: Spinal XXXX : report of three cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity4 may occur in a manifest or latent form. Since most @entity0 with @entity1 also have @entity1 with both eyes open (manifest @entity1 ), differentiation between these two entities frequently requires electronystagmographic wave form analysis. Such analysis shows distinctive characteristics for manifest and latent or manifest latent @entity4 , suggesting different origins. Several compensation mechanisms exist by which @entity4 is decreased and visual acuity improved. For @entity1 , these mechanisms include version or convergence innervation or a rest point between primary position and maximal lateroversion. In latent or manifest @entity1 , the @entity1 decreases when the fixating eye is adducted. @entity0 with manifest @entity4 may use several of these compensation strategies. Because of the difficulties involved in distinguishing between manifest and manifest @entity1 without electronystagmography, @entity2 has arisen regarding the etiologic relationship between @entity4 and @entity3 . Such relationship clearly exists in some @entity0 with @entity1 and convergence dampening. However, in most @entity0 with @entity3 and @entity4 , the @entity1 is latent or manifest latent and there is no evidence of a causal relationship between these two entities.

title: Compensatory mechanisms in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare early and late outcomes after inflammatory and noninflammatory @entity2 ( @entity2 ) repair with emphasis on graft-related complications. Of 625 consecutive @entity0 submitted to @entity2 repair, 18 were classified as having inflammatory AAAs (group 1). The results of this group were compared with those of 54 @entity0 (group 2) retrospectively drawn from @entity0 who underwent aortic replacement for noninflammatory AAAs. A computer-assisted matching system was used to match @entity0 according to date of birth, gender, and surgical priority. All @entity0 of both groups were followed by periodic clinical and instrumental examinations. @entity0 in group 1 complained more frequently of @entity1 (72% vs. 20%; p = 0.0001), and their erythrocyte sedimentation rate was elevated more often (78% vs. 19%; p < 0.0001). Surgical morbidity and mortality rates were not different. The mean lengths of follow-up were 61 +/- 47 months (group 1) and 71 +/- 38 months (group 2). The 10-year overall survival rates did not differ significantly between the two groups (49.1% +/- 16.9% for group 1 vs. 61.6% +/- 13.8% for group 2; p = 0.26, log-rank test). In contrast, the free from @entity1 survival rates were significantly lower in group 1 (57.3% +/- 20.2% vs. 97.8% +/- 2.5% at 10 years; p = 0.025, log-rank test). Long-term outcomes showed a higher incidence of graft-related complications in group 1. As @entity1 might represent a risk factor for the development of @entity1 , routine imaging surveillance of graft aortic healing after inflammatory @entity2 repair is warranted.

title: Long-term outcome after XXXX repair: case-matched study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the importance of local release of autonomic neuromediators when electrical stimuli are applied to the right atrium to measure the @entity2 threshold (AFT). Experiments were performed in 16 open-chest @entity0 anesthetized with @entity4 . The @entity0 were denervated by bilateral transection of the stellates and cervical vagi. The AFT was determined in 11 @entity0 by delivering either a train of stimuli (14 pulses, 4 ms, 100 Hz) or a single stimulus (10 ms) to the right atrium during its vulnerable period. In eight @entity0 , beta-adrenergic blockade with @entity5 (0.1 mg/kg) had no effect on the AFT determined with either method. @entity3 (0.2 mg/kg), given after @entity5 , significantly increased the train-of-pulses AFT from 4.7 +/- 0.4 to 32.3 +/- 4.6 mA (P less than 0.001). The single-pulse AFT increased from 16.5 +/- 1.5 to 17.8 +/- 1.5 mA (P less than 0.05). @entity3 had a similar effect on the AFT when it was given in the absence of @entity5 (n = 3). In five additional @entity0 , a monophasic action potential was recorded while a 10-mA train was delivered to the atrium during its absolute refractory period. There was marked shortening of the monophasic action potential duration (55 +/- 6 ms) in the first beat after the train. The shortening was totally abolished by @entity3 (0.2 mg/kg). The results suggest that a train of stimuli liberates local stores of @entity1 , which cause a shortening of atrial repolarization time and a profound decrease in the current necessary to evoke @entity2 .

title: XXXX release by a stimulus train lowers @entity2 threshold.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the importance of local release of autonomic neuromediators when electrical stimuli are applied to the right atrium to measure the @entity2 threshold (AFT). Experiments were performed in 16 open-chest @entity0 anesthetized with @entity4 . The @entity0 were denervated by bilateral transection of the stellates and cervical vagi. The AFT was determined in 11 @entity0 by delivering either a train of stimuli (14 pulses, 4 ms, 100 Hz) or a single stimulus (10 ms) to the right atrium during its vulnerable period. In eight @entity0 , beta-adrenergic blockade with @entity5 (0.1 mg/kg) had no effect on the AFT determined with either method. @entity3 (0.2 mg/kg), given after @entity5 , significantly increased the train-of-pulses AFT from 4.7 +/- 0.4 to 32.3 +/- 4.6 mA (P less than 0.001). The single-pulse AFT increased from 16.5 +/- 1.5 to 17.8 +/- 1.5 mA (P less than 0.05). @entity3 had a similar effect on the AFT when it was given in the absence of @entity5 (n = 3). In five additional @entity0 , a monophasic action potential was recorded while a 10-mA train was delivered to the atrium during its absolute refractory period. There was marked shortening of the monophasic action potential duration (55 +/- 6 ms) in the first beat after the train. The shortening was totally abolished by @entity3 (0.2 mg/kg). The results suggest that a train of stimuli liberates local stores of @entity1 , which cause a shortening of atrial repolarization time and a profound decrease in the current necessary to evoke @entity2 .

title: @entity1 release by a stimulus train lowers XXXX threshold.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 peptides that induce excess slow-wave sleep have been isolated from urine and brain. A synthetic analogue to those substances, @entity2 ( @entity3 , @entity2 ), was found to induce prolonged increases in slow-wave sleep and to increase electroencephalographic (EEG) delta-wave activity. @entity3 is also pyrogenic, although this activity can be separated from its somnogenic activity. To further investigate the somnogenic actions of @entity3 , neonatal @entity1 were used in the present study. Intraperitoneal injection of 100 micrograms/kg @entity3 induced differential somnogenic and pyrogenic effects; from postnatal days 7-9, @entity3 increased duration of quiet sleep (QS, the precursor of adult slow-wave sleep) and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) as judged by behavioral criteria. These animals were not febrile during the period of enhanced QS, nor did @entity3 alter EEG delta-wave activity at this age. From postnatal days 10-15, @entity3 induced prolonged (6 h) increases in duration of QS; both behavioral and EEG criteria were used at this age to determine duration of QS and @entity0 . Maximum @entity3 -induced effects occurred during the 2nd h, with a parallel increase in amplitudes of EEG delta-wave activity. At this age, @entity3 also elicited monophasic fevers and inhibition of @entity0 , with maximum effects observed during hours 3-4 postinjection. After postnatal day 16, @entity3 -induced somnogenic and febrile responses were similar to those observed in adult @entity1 . We conclude that the mechanisms responsible for behavioral sleep states are responsive to a sleep-promoting substance early in ontogenesis.

title: Enhancement of quiet sleep in @entity1 neonates by XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity4 peptides that induce excess slow-wave sleep have been isolated from urine and brain. A synthetic analogue to those substances, @entity2 ( @entity3 , @entity2 ), was found to induce prolonged increases in slow-wave sleep and to increase electroencephalographic (EEG) delta-wave activity. @entity3 is also pyrogenic, although this activity can be separated from its somnogenic activity. To further investigate the somnogenic actions of @entity3 , neonatal @entity1 were used in the present study. Intraperitoneal injection of 100 micrograms/kg @entity3 induced differential somnogenic and pyrogenic effects; from postnatal days 7-9, @entity3 increased duration of quiet sleep (QS, the precursor of adult slow-wave sleep) and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) as judged by behavioral criteria. These animals were not febrile during the period of enhanced QS, nor did @entity3 alter EEG delta-wave activity at this age. From postnatal days 10-15, @entity3 induced prolonged (6 h) increases in duration of QS; both behavioral and EEG criteria were used at this age to determine duration of QS and @entity0 . Maximum @entity3 -induced effects occurred during the 2nd h, with a parallel increase in amplitudes of EEG delta-wave activity. At this age, @entity3 also elicited monophasic fevers and inhibition of @entity0 , with maximum effects observed during hours 3-4 postinjection. After postnatal day 16, @entity3 -induced somnogenic and febrile responses were similar to those observed in adult @entity1 . We conclude that the mechanisms responsible for behavioral sleep states are responsive to a sleep-promoting substance early in ontogenesis.

title: Enhancement of quiet sleep in XXXX neonates by @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Initial manifestations of @entity3 in the head and neck area occur frequently. In fact, up to 40 percent of @entity0 may have involvement of the head and neck. The most common @entity1 are @entity5 and @entity4 . Since @entity3 -related @entity1 are a relatively new problem for radiation oncologists, optimal therapy for these @entity1 is unknown. A retrospective review of @entity3 @entity0 treated with radiotherapy has been performed. Fourteen @entity0 were identified. Of these, five were treated for @entity2 (four for @entity5 and one for @entity4 ). @entity5 , as well as @entity4 , were seen to be as radioresponsive as the classical forms, but local control was difficult to achieve. @entity5 tended to recur marginally and within the field. Nonetheless, we believe radiotherapy can offer significant palliation for @entity3 @entity0 with @entity2 . It is of utmost importance that the head and neck surgeon must be acutely aware of the common patterns of presentation of this disease.

title: Response to radiotherapy of @entity2 in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Initial manifestations of @entity3 in the head and neck area occur frequently. In fact, up to 40 percent of @entity0 may have involvement of the head and neck. The most common @entity1 are @entity5 and @entity4 . Since @entity3 -related @entity1 are a relatively new problem for radiation oncologists, optimal therapy for these @entity1 is unknown. A retrospective review of @entity3 @entity0 treated with radiotherapy has been performed. Fourteen @entity0 were identified. Of these, five were treated for @entity2 (four for @entity5 and one for @entity4 ). @entity5 , as well as @entity4 , were seen to be as radioresponsive as the classical forms, but local control was difficult to achieve. @entity5 tended to recur marginally and within the field. Nonetheless, we believe radiotherapy can offer significant palliation for @entity3 @entity0 with @entity2 . It is of utmost importance that the head and neck surgeon must be acutely aware of the common patterns of presentation of this disease.

title: Response to radiotherapy of XXXX in @entity3 @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Initial manifestations of @entity3 in the head and neck area occur frequently. In fact, up to 40 percent of @entity0 may have involvement of the head and neck. The most common @entity1 are @entity5 and @entity4 . Since @entity3 -related @entity1 are a relatively new problem for radiation oncologists, optimal therapy for these @entity1 is unknown. A retrospective review of @entity3 @entity0 treated with radiotherapy has been performed. Fourteen @entity0 were identified. Of these, five were treated for @entity2 (four for @entity5 and one for @entity4 ). @entity5 , as well as @entity4 , were seen to be as radioresponsive as the classical forms, but local control was difficult to achieve. @entity5 tended to recur marginally and within the field. Nonetheless, we believe radiotherapy can offer significant palliation for @entity3 @entity0 with @entity2 . It is of utmost importance that the head and neck surgeon must be acutely aware of the common patterns of presentation of this disease.

title: Response to radiotherapy of @entity2 in @entity3 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Study is conducted to evaluate the incidence of bony secondary and to evaluate the need for routine bone scintigraphy at the time of presentation of @entity0 in this region. Of the total 130 @entity1 evaluated by bone scan, sixty (n = 60, 46.15%) had secondary lesion in bone. Among the 54 preoperative @entity1 , all with positive FNAC, twenty (n = 20, 37.03%) had bony metastases. Of the 76 post-operative @entity1 , forty (n = 40, 52.63%) had secondary @entity3 . @entity2 was seen in only five (n = 5, 8.53%) cases. Rest fifty five (n = 55, 91.67%) had multiple bony secondaries. Most of the postoperative cases (n = 40, 52.63%) were invasive/infiltrative duct cell @entity4 . The very high incidence of bony secondary appears to be due to delayed presentation associated with poor socioeconomic condition, ignorance and also shyness. Bony metastases at the time of presentation suggests poor prognosis. As it can affect therapeutic management of these @entity1 , routine bone scintigraphy at the time of presentation of @entity0 @entity1 to a tertiary label hospital is proposed, against conflicting conclusion by papers in the developed countries.

title: Incidence of bony secondary at presentation of XXXX in our region.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Eight @entity0 with documented recurrent @entity5 sustained iatrogenic @entity6 during either Putti-Platt or Bristow procedures. Two @entity0 also sustained axillary @entity4 . There were six males and two females. Postoperatively, complete @entity3 of the musculocutaneous nerve was noted in six cases and incomplete @entity3 in one case. Two @entity0 had @entity2 . There were two cases of partial @entity3 of the radial, median, and ulnar nerves, respectively. Seven of the @entity0 underwent brachial plexus exploration an average of 16 weeks following their initial operation (range, 4 to 40). Suture material was removed from around or within two musculocutaneous nerves and one ulnar, one median, and one axillary nerve. Two lacerated musculocutaneous nerves were amenable to delayed primary repair. Two musculocutaneous, one median and one axillary nerve required grafting. @entity6 was associated with inadequate knowledge of regional anatomy, blind clamping of axillary artery lacerations, use of axillary incisions which limited exposure, and failure to identify the musculocutaneous nerve during Bristow procedures. If a @entity6 occurs during a Putti-Platt or a Bristow procedure and the lesion does not rapidly, progressively, and completely recover, the brachial plexus should be explored since there is a high likelihood of structural @entity1 .

title: XXXX during Putti-Platt and Bristow procedures. A report of eight cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: BACKGROUND: Improved quality of life (QOL) of @entity0 suffering from major @entity3 has become an important treatment goal. We sought to determine predictors of perceived QOL and to explore the changes that occur regarding QOL among individuals with @entity1 as compared to @entity0 with @entity4 . METHOD: In a naturalistic longitudinal design, 148 inpatients with @entity1 and 51 inpatients with @entity4 (DSM-IV) were tracked for 16 months (SD = 4.6 months). Subjects were assessed at 2 timepoints for psychopathology, stress process-related factors, and perceived QOL, as measured by the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire. Predictors of fluctuations in QOL index scores during the follow-up period were identified using multiple regression techniques. RESULTS: We found that poor QOL is not a more severe problem for @entity1 @entity0 than for schizoaffective/ @entity4 @entity0 . Improved QOL of @entity1 @entity0 is associated with @entity6 ( @entity5 , somatization) symptoms and increased self-efficacy and self-esteem ratings. Individual changes in QOL index scores among @entity0 with @entity4 are associated with changes in @entity2 , sensitivity, expressed emotion, and task-oriented coping scores. CONCLUSION: Predictors of changes in satisfaction with life quality over time among @entity1 @entity0 are distinct from those associated with @entity4 . Changes in stress process-related factors, rather than psychopathology, predict change in perceived QOL and should be considered when evaluating QOL outcomes.

title: Predictors of quality of life in major XXXX : a naturalistic follow-up study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. Saliva flowed from the @entity3 's parotid duct only during mastication.2. The surface-active local anaesthetic administered by mouth inhibited salivary secretion.3. Salivary secretion was stimulated by @entity4 and inhibited by @entity7 .4. The volume and composition of saliva secreted in 24 hr from one parotid duct was determined.5. The concentration of @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity0 , @entity5 and @entity6 depended upon the rate of flow. The highest concentrations of these electrolytes were observed during periods of high flow rates.6. @entity3 parotid saliva contained a high concentration of @entity0 .7. In the absence of a dietary supplement of @entity8 , the @entity2 concentration of the saliva fell after about 21 days. There was an associated increase in the @entity1 concentration. The addition of a @entity2 supplement restored the @entity2 concentration of the saliva within 24 hr.

title: A study of parotid salivation in the XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Well-differentiated Stage IA @entity4 may be managed conservatively with @entity5 treatment. However, even advanced imaging methods cannot overcome limitations in the correct determination of the absence of early microscopic @entity1 by @entity4 . Hysteroscopy has not yet been investigated as a tool for this purpose. METHODS: Of 97 @entity0 with well-differentiated @entity7 , 87 whose @entity2 were clinically confined to the uterine corpus were enrolled for inclusion in this study. The preoperative hysteroscopic appearance was correlated with the histological findings of the hysterectomy specimen. RESULTS: Post-surgical FIGO stage was Stage IA in 36 cases, IB in 29, @entity6 in 16, IIA in one, and Stage IIIA/C in five cases. Before surgery, the growth pattern of the disease was hysteroscopically diagnosed as pedunculated in 69.0% and sessile nodular in 31.0%. Surface @entity3 was observed in 23.3% of the pedunculated @entity2 and in 74.1% of the @entity2 ( p < 0.0001), and in 39.1% of all @entity2 . The incidence of absent @entity1 was significantly higher in the pedunculated @entity2 (56.3%) than in the @entity2 (3.7%) ( p < 0.0001) and was higher in the nonulcerated @entity2 (64.2%) than in the @entity2 (5.9%) ( p < 0.0001). When the statistical parameters were calculated in combination with the @entity2 growth pattern and the absence or presence of @entity3 , the nonulcerated pedunculated growth pattern had a sensitivity of 92% and a positive predictive value of 72% for correct selection of Stage IA disease with no @entity1 . CONCLUSION: Well-differentiated @entity7 was categorized by hysteroscopy into two growth patterns of pedunculated or sessile and with or without surface @entity3 . This provided useful pretreatment diagnosis of Stage IA disease confined to the endometrium.

title: Hysteroscopy to detect Stage IA well-differentiated XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Transient @entity6 (15 minutes) does not result in irreversible @entity2 but is associated with a @entity3 of contractile function sustained for several hours to days ("stunned @entity5 "). The defect in the contractile process responsible for this phenomenon has been suggested to be causally related to a reduced energetic state, altered excitation or excitation-contraction coupling, or damaged contractile filaments. The purpose of this study was to attempt to exclude one or more of these hypotheses by evaluating the contractile reserve of reperfused @entity5 . Regional subendocardial segment function was measured (sonomicrometry) in a control region and in an area (treatment region) perfused by a carotid artery to anterior descending coronary artery bypass in 13 @entity7 -anesthetized @entity1 . Dose-response curves were constructed from changes in segment shortening (%SS) in response to intracoronary @entity4 infusion before @entity0 and following 5 or 15 minutes of occlusion and reperfusion (30 minutes). @entity4 infusion before @entity0 resulted in dose-dependent increases in %SS in the treatment area to a maximum value of 36.6% from a preinfusion value of 25.5% (p less than 0.01), in the absence of changes in control region shortening (23.7%). After 15 minutes of occlusion and reperfusion, treatment area %SS had fallen to a @entity3 but stable level (46% of preischemic values; p less than 0.01). Subsequent @entity4 infusion at the same doses as in the preischemic trial produced increases in treatment segment function with return of shortening to control levels at an intermediate dose. At the highest dose, %SS was 35.4%, which was not different from the maximal value found in the preischemic trial. Alterations in heart rate and left ventricular systolic and diastolic pressures during @entity4 infusion were minor and similar before and after @entity0 . @entity4 -induced increases in regional segment shortening above control levels (113% of control) in reperfused @entity5 were sustained with continuous infusion (30 minutes) without deleterious effects on subsequent function. These results demonstrate that stunned @entity5 in this model retains a normal contractile reserve in response to @entity4 , suggesting that the mechanism responsible for postischemic contractile dysfunction involves @entity4 .

title: Reversibly injured, postischemic @entity1 XXXX retains normal contractile reserve.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Transient @entity6 (15 minutes) does not result in irreversible @entity2 but is associated with a @entity3 of contractile function sustained for several hours to days ("stunned @entity5 "). The defect in the contractile process responsible for this phenomenon has been suggested to be causally related to a reduced energetic state, altered excitation or excitation-contraction coupling, or damaged contractile filaments. The purpose of this study was to attempt to exclude one or more of these hypotheses by evaluating the contractile reserve of reperfused @entity5 . Regional subendocardial segment function was measured (sonomicrometry) in a control region and in an area (treatment region) perfused by a carotid artery to anterior descending coronary artery bypass in 13 @entity7 -anesthetized @entity1 . Dose-response curves were constructed from changes in segment shortening (%SS) in response to intracoronary @entity4 infusion before @entity0 and following 5 or 15 minutes of occlusion and reperfusion (30 minutes). @entity4 infusion before @entity0 resulted in dose-dependent increases in %SS in the treatment area to a maximum value of 36.6% from a preinfusion value of 25.5% (p less than 0.01), in the absence of changes in control region shortening (23.7%). After 15 minutes of occlusion and reperfusion, treatment area %SS had fallen to a @entity3 but stable level (46% of preischemic values; p less than 0.01). Subsequent @entity4 infusion at the same doses as in the preischemic trial produced increases in treatment segment function with return of shortening to control levels at an intermediate dose. At the highest dose, %SS was 35.4%, which was not different from the maximal value found in the preischemic trial. Alterations in heart rate and left ventricular systolic and diastolic pressures during @entity4 infusion were minor and similar before and after @entity0 . @entity4 -induced increases in regional segment shortening above control levels (113% of control) in reperfused @entity5 were sustained with continuous infusion (30 minutes) without deleterious effects on subsequent function. These results demonstrate that stunned @entity5 in this model retains a normal contractile reserve in response to @entity4 , suggesting that the mechanism responsible for postischemic contractile dysfunction involves @entity4 .

title: Reversibly injured, postischemic XXXX @entity5 retains normal contractile reserve.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Cardiac mechanical function and @entity2 ( @entity2 ) were measured in isovolumically beating hearts from neonatal piglets 0.5 to 12 days of age. The hearts were perfused retrogradely at 70 cm @entity5 with a recirculating modified Krebs-Henseleit solution containing washed adult @entity4 red cells (hematocrit, 25%). They were electrically paced (180 beats/min), and left ventricular developed pressure (delta P), maximum rate of rise of pressure (dP/dt), @entity2 , and myocardial @entity1 consumption were measured. These parameters were found to remain stable for at least 60 minutes. In one group, a single dose of @entity6 was added to the perfusate to yield a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml. Within 5 minutes delta P decreased from 104.0 +/- 7.1 to 65.3 +/- 8.6 mm Hg (p less than 0.001), and dP/dt fell from 1,160 +/- 96 to 658 +/- 78 mm Hg/sec (p less than 0.001). In a second group, successive doses of @entity6 were added to yield concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 micrograms/ml. There was a progressive decrease in delta P and dP/dt to 66.5 +/- 4.2% and 57.6 +/- 4.8% of initial values, respectively. @entity2 increased progressively from 3.2 +/- 0.2 to 6.8 +/- 0.5 ml/min/g. In 3 experiments, @entity6 was washed out after achieving the maximum concentration. Depressed mechanical function reversed and delta P and dP/dt returned to control values in each heart. Additionally, @entity2 decreased from 7.6 +/- 0.3 to 5.0 +/- 0.2 ml/min/g. It is concluded that @entity6 has concentration-dependent negative inotropic actions in the neonatal piglet heart. Hence, the drug may not be useful in treating @entity3 in the @entity0 neonate.

title: Negative inotropic effects of XXXX in the neonatal piglet heart.

answer: @entity6


abstract: The electrophysiological properties of mossy cells were examined in developing @entity0 hippocampal slices using whole-cell patch-clamp techniques, with particular reference to the dorsoventral difference. Dorsal mossy cells exhibited a higher spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) frequency and larger maximal EPSP amplitude than ventral mossy cells. On the other hand, the blockade of synaptic inputs with glutamatergic and GABAergic antagonists disclosed a remarkable dorsoventral difference in the intrinsic activity: none (0/27) of the dorsal mossy cells showed intrinsic bursting, whereas the majority (35/47) of the ventral mossy cells exhibited intrinsic rhythmic bursting. To characterize the ionic currents underlying the rhythmic bursting of mossy cells, we used somatic voltage-clamp recordings in the subthreshold voltage range. Ventral bursting cells possessed both hyperpolarization-activated current (Ih) and persistent @entity3 current ( @entity6 ), whereas dorsal and ventral nonbursting cells possessed Ih but no @entity6 . Blockade of Ih with @entity5 did not affect the intrinsic bursting of ventral mossy cells. In contrast, the blockade of @entity6 with @entity2 or @entity4 established a stable subthreshold membrane potential in ventral bursting cells. The current-voltage curve of ventral bursting cells showed a region of @entity2 -sensitive negative slope conductance between -55 mV and a spike threshold ( approximately -45 mV). On the other hand, no subthreshold @entity1 conductances played a significant role in the intrinsic bursting of ventral mossy cells. These observations demonstrate the heterogeneous electrophysiological properties of hilar mossy cells, and suggest that the subthreshold @entity6 plays a major role in the intrinsic rhythmic bursting of ventral mossy cells.

title: Ionic currents underlying rhythmic bursting of ventral mossy cells in the developing XXXX dentate gyrus.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Between 1994-1998, we retrospectively studied a cohort of 396 consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 , mean age 53 +/- 15 years, 74% @entity0 . The history of @entity1 intake was abstracted from the medical records. During a follow-up period of 42 +/- 26 months, 83 (76% @entity0 ) @entity0 died and 15 (80% @entity0 ) underwent cardiac transplantation. @entity0 were younger and more likely to have a history of excessive @entity1 intake compared with @entity0 . Gender significantly modified the risk of @entity1 consumption on mortality. Although @entity1 intake increased the mortality risk in @entity0 , it was protective toward @entity2 in @entity0 (hazards ratios for @entity2 were 7.3 vs. 0.44). The effect of @entity1 intake on outcome was reassessed after classifying the @entity0 into 4 groups: group 1: life-long nondrinkers; group 2: former drinkers; group 3: moderate drinkers; and group 4: heavy drinkers. Similar findings were seen. This study demonstrated that the risk of reported @entity1 intake on mortality is related to gender in @entity0 with @entity4 . Our findings deserve further study, including a larger number of females, as a possible way to improve outcome in such @entity0 .

title: Influence of gender and reported XXXX intake on mortality in @entity3 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Between 1994-1998, we retrospectively studied a cohort of 396 consecutive @entity0 with @entity3 , mean age 53 +/- 15 years, 74% @entity0 . The history of @entity1 intake was abstracted from the medical records. During a follow-up period of 42 +/- 26 months, 83 (76% @entity0 ) @entity0 died and 15 (80% @entity0 ) underwent cardiac transplantation. @entity0 were younger and more likely to have a history of excessive @entity1 intake compared with @entity0 . Gender significantly modified the risk of @entity1 consumption on mortality. Although @entity1 intake increased the mortality risk in @entity0 , it was protective toward @entity2 in @entity0 (hazards ratios for @entity2 were 7.3 vs. 0.44). The effect of @entity1 intake on outcome was reassessed after classifying the @entity0 into 4 groups: group 1: life-long nondrinkers; group 2: former drinkers; group 3: moderate drinkers; and group 4: heavy drinkers. Similar findings were seen. This study demonstrated that the risk of reported @entity1 intake on mortality is related to gender in @entity0 with @entity4 . Our findings deserve further study, including a larger number of females, as a possible way to improve outcome in such @entity0 .

title: Influence of gender and reported @entity1 intake on mortality in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: To provide contemporary data on the effect of high @entity2 and high @entity6 on the risk of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and mortality in Swedish @entity0 and to describe secular trends with respect to serum lipids, body mass index (BMI) and smoking in the source population. METHODS: We followed 1372 @entity0 aged 39-64 years and without prior @entity1 from 1980 to 1999 through record-linkage with the Swedish hospital discharge and cause-specific death registers. Risk factor measurements were done at baseline. Every fifth year between 1980 and 1995 coronary risk factors were assessed in independent samples of the source population. RESULTS: In multivariate analyses, a 1 mmol increase in @entity2 was associated with a 51% increased risk of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and/or revascularisation ( @entity5 ; p<0.0001) and a 30% increased risk of being hospitalised for @entity3 (p<0.0004). @entity0 with @entity2 , 7-7.9 mmol/l, had a threefold risk of @entity5 (HR 3.44 (1.63-7.23)) and hazard ratios in the highest @entity2 category, > or =8 mmol/l, was 4.49 (1.92-10.50) as compared to @entity0 with @entity2 below 6 mmol/l. A 1 mmol increase in @entity6 was associated with a 49% increased risk of @entity5 (p=0.002) and a 45% increased risk of being hospitalised for @entity3 (p=0.001) after adjustment for major coronary risk factors. A moderate increase in @entity6 , 1.0-1.5 mmol/l, conferred no significant increase in risk of coronary events as compared to below 1.0 mmol/l. @entity0 with high @entity6 , 1.5-1.9 mmol/l, had a doubled risk of @entity5 (HR 2.55 (1.20-5.42)) and hazard ratios in the highest @entity4 category, > or =2.0 mmol/l, was 3.35 (1.48-7.60). Both high @entity2 and high @entity6 predicted mortality but the magnitude was smaller than for coronary events. During the study period the proportion of @entity0 with low @entity2 profile, below 6.0 mmol/l, increased on average from 49 to 68% and the proportion of @entity0 with low @entity4 levels, below 1.0 mmol/l, decreased from 59 to 36% in the source population. A modest increase in BMI was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Both high fasting @entity2 and high fasting @entity6 strongly predicted coronary events in middle-aged Swedish @entity0 . The favourable decline in @entity2 levels and smoking rates during the study period was offset by a marked increase in @entity4 levels. The findings suggest that interventional strategies directed to correct abnormalities in the @entity4 metabolism may be specifically warranted in @entity0 .

title: High lipid levels and XXXX in @entity0 in G  teborg--outcome and secular trends: a prospective 19 year follow-up in the BEDA*study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIMS: To provide contemporary data on the effect of high @entity2 and high @entity6 on the risk of @entity3 ( @entity3 ) and mortality in Swedish @entity0 and to describe secular trends with respect to serum lipids, body mass index (BMI) and smoking in the source population. METHODS: We followed 1372 @entity0 aged 39-64 years and without prior @entity1 from 1980 to 1999 through record-linkage with the Swedish hospital discharge and cause-specific death registers. Risk factor measurements were done at baseline. Every fifth year between 1980 and 1995 coronary risk factors were assessed in independent samples of the source population. RESULTS: In multivariate analyses, a 1 mmol increase in @entity2 was associated with a 51% increased risk of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and/or revascularisation ( @entity5 ; p<0.0001) and a 30% increased risk of being hospitalised for @entity3 (p<0.0004). @entity0 with @entity2 , 7-7.9 mmol/l, had a threefold risk of @entity5 (HR 3.44 (1.63-7.23)) and hazard ratios in the highest @entity2 category, > or =8 mmol/l, was 4.49 (1.92-10.50) as compared to @entity0 with @entity2 below 6 mmol/l. A 1 mmol increase in @entity6 was associated with a 49% increased risk of @entity5 (p=0.002) and a 45% increased risk of being hospitalised for @entity3 (p=0.001) after adjustment for major coronary risk factors. A moderate increase in @entity6 , 1.0-1.5 mmol/l, conferred no significant increase in risk of coronary events as compared to below 1.0 mmol/l. @entity0 with high @entity6 , 1.5-1.9 mmol/l, had a doubled risk of @entity5 (HR 2.55 (1.20-5.42)) and hazard ratios in the highest @entity4 category, > or =2.0 mmol/l, was 3.35 (1.48-7.60). Both high @entity2 and high @entity6 predicted mortality but the magnitude was smaller than for coronary events. During the study period the proportion of @entity0 with low @entity2 profile, below 6.0 mmol/l, increased on average from 49 to 68% and the proportion of @entity0 with low @entity4 levels, below 1.0 mmol/l, decreased from 59 to 36% in the source population. A modest increase in BMI was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Both high fasting @entity2 and high fasting @entity6 strongly predicted coronary events in middle-aged Swedish @entity0 . The favourable decline in @entity2 levels and smoking rates during the study period was offset by a marked increase in @entity4 levels. The findings suggest that interventional strategies directed to correct abnormalities in the @entity4 metabolism may be specifically warranted in @entity0 .

title: High lipid levels and @entity3 in XXXX in G  teborg--outcome and secular trends: a prospective 19 year follow-up in the BEDA*study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: in @entity0 with @entity3 , to compare surgical outcome and long-term results of cryopreserved allograft implantations to conventional surgery. DESIGN: retrospective study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: two asynchronous series of 44 [series I: 1980-1994; 8 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 )] and 22 (series II: 1994-1997; 4 @entity0 with @entity2 ) @entity0 were treated for prosthesis infection. All @entity0 had prosthesis excision. In series I, there were 4 in situ reparations, 26 extra-anatomic bypass, 13 excision only, and one @entity1 at laparotomy. In series II, in situ cryopreserved allografts were implanted in all @entity0 . RESULTS: operative mortality was 16% in series I and 13.6% in series II. For @entity2 @entity0 , mortality was 37% in series I and 50% in series II. Among hospital survivors, infection-related late mortality was 13.5% in series I and 5% in series II. For @entity2 @entity0 , late mortality was 20% in series I and 50% in series II. Incidence of reoperations was 54% in series I and 10.5% in series II (p<0.01). Hospital stay was 47.2+/-26.4 days in series I and 16.6+/-11.5 days in series II (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: compared to conventional treatment, incidence of reoperations and length of hospital stay are significantly decreased after cryopreserved allograft implantation. However, closure of aortic stump and extra-anatomic bypass gives better results for @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: @entity3 complicated or not by XXXX : comparison of treatment with and without cryopreserved allograft (homograft).

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: in @entity0 with @entity3 , to compare surgical outcome and long-term results of cryopreserved allograft implantations to conventional surgery. DESIGN: retrospective study. MATERIAL AND METHODS: two asynchronous series of 44 [series I: 1980-1994; 8 @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 )] and 22 (series II: 1994-1997; 4 @entity0 with @entity2 ) @entity0 were treated for prosthesis infection. All @entity0 had prosthesis excision. In series I, there were 4 in situ reparations, 26 extra-anatomic bypass, 13 excision only, and one @entity1 at laparotomy. In series II, in situ cryopreserved allografts were implanted in all @entity0 . RESULTS: operative mortality was 16% in series I and 13.6% in series II. For @entity2 @entity0 , mortality was 37% in series I and 50% in series II. Among hospital survivors, infection-related late mortality was 13.5% in series I and 5% in series II. For @entity2 @entity0 , late mortality was 20% in series I and 50% in series II. Incidence of reoperations was 54% in series I and 10.5% in series II (p<0.01). Hospital stay was 47.2+/-26.4 days in series I and 16.6+/-11.5 days in series II (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: compared to conventional treatment, incidence of reoperations and length of hospital stay are significantly decreased after cryopreserved allograft implantation. However, closure of aortic stump and extra-anatomic bypass gives better results for @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: XXXX complicated or not by @entity2 : comparison of treatment with and without cryopreserved allograft (homograft).

answer: @entity3


abstract: The metal-tipped optical fiber or "laser probe" has been extensively studied in animal preparations in vivo and in @entity0 clinical trials of revascularization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal characteristics of laser probe tissue ablation and to contrast the vascular tissue response to exposure to the laser probe and bare optical fiber. A 2 mm laser probe was heated with up to 4 W of @entity3 -ion laser irradiation and applied to six postmortem strips of @entity0 nonatherosclerotic aorta as well as to five @entity1 aortic specimens. Surface temperature maps of the laser probe and of the vascular tissue in air were obtained via 8 to 12 micron thermographic imaging. Laser probe temperature was additionally monitored via thermocouples. Two strips each of normal and diseased aorta were irradiated directly with the bare optical fiber. Thus a total of 43 laser probe application sites and 19 bare fiberoptic laser irradiation sites on a total of 15 aortic strips were analyzed both thermographically and histologically. Based on measured temperature rises and histologic findings, the following observations were made: (1) The laser probe heats initially at its tip and attains a uniform surface temperature distribution within 5 sec. The steady-state temperature attained by the probe is inversely related to the thermal conductivity of the surrounding media. In all media studied, probe temperature increases linearly with applied laser energy. (2) Tissue ablation starts at temperatures greater than 100 degrees C, and ablation temperatures typically exceed 180 degrees C. Adventitial temperatures during laser probe application may reach 70 degrees C. Tissue ablation is enhanced both by greater laser energy deposition in the probe and by higher force at which the probe is applied to tissue. (3) Ablation of fibrofatty atheromata is more extensive than of nonatherosclerotic aortic tissue. This may be due to the lower thermal conductivity of @entity2 tissue. (4) In contrast to direct @entity3 -ion laser ablation of aortic tissue, laser probe-mediated ablation occurs in a controlled fashion, is not associated with extensive subintimal dissections, and allows uniform conduction of heat to tissue as reflected by essentially "isothermal" injury lines.

title: Laser probe ablation of normal and XXXX @entity0 aorta in vitro: a first thermographic and histologic analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The metal-tipped optical fiber or "laser probe" has been extensively studied in animal preparations in vivo and in @entity0 clinical trials of revascularization. The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal characteristics of laser probe tissue ablation and to contrast the vascular tissue response to exposure to the laser probe and bare optical fiber. A 2 mm laser probe was heated with up to 4 W of @entity3 -ion laser irradiation and applied to six postmortem strips of @entity0 nonatherosclerotic aorta as well as to five @entity1 aortic specimens. Surface temperature maps of the laser probe and of the vascular tissue in air were obtained via 8 to 12 micron thermographic imaging. Laser probe temperature was additionally monitored via thermocouples. Two strips each of normal and diseased aorta were irradiated directly with the bare optical fiber. Thus a total of 43 laser probe application sites and 19 bare fiberoptic laser irradiation sites on a total of 15 aortic strips were analyzed both thermographically and histologically. Based on measured temperature rises and histologic findings, the following observations were made: (1) The laser probe heats initially at its tip and attains a uniform surface temperature distribution within 5 sec. The steady-state temperature attained by the probe is inversely related to the thermal conductivity of the surrounding media. In all media studied, probe temperature increases linearly with applied laser energy. (2) Tissue ablation starts at temperatures greater than 100 degrees C, and ablation temperatures typically exceed 180 degrees C. Adventitial temperatures during laser probe application may reach 70 degrees C. Tissue ablation is enhanced both by greater laser energy deposition in the probe and by higher force at which the probe is applied to tissue. (3) Ablation of fibrofatty atheromata is more extensive than of nonatherosclerotic aortic tissue. This may be due to the lower thermal conductivity of @entity2 tissue. (4) In contrast to direct @entity3 -ion laser ablation of aortic tissue, laser probe-mediated ablation occurs in a controlled fashion, is not associated with extensive subintimal dissections, and allows uniform conduction of heat to tissue as reflected by essentially "isothermal" injury lines.

title: Laser probe ablation of normal and @entity1 XXXX aorta in vitro: a first thermographic and histologic analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: Little is known about which @entity0 who have undergone coronary bypass surgery are at risk of future clinical @entity2 and may benefit from further medical treatment. We sought to determine if routine non-invasive cardiac investigations performed early after surgery were able to stratify the risk of @entity2 in this population. METHODS: Two thousand and sixty-five consecutive @entity0 were enrolled in a prospective multicenter study (PERISCOP). Exercise testing, echocardiography, and 24-h ambulatory ECG monitoring were performed at day 20+/-10 after coronary bypass surgery. Follow-up was performed 1 year after coronary bypass surgery. Causes of all hospitalisation and death occurring within 1 year were documented and classified by an End-point Committee. The principal endpoint was the combination of all-cause @entity3 and @entity2 requiring hospitalisation ( @entity5 , unstable or severe @entity7 , @entity1 , @entity6 ). RESULTS: The 1-year frequency of first events was 155 (8%). In multivariate analysis, exercise duration <420s (RR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.13-2.49), exercise induced @entity4 >1mm (RR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.18-3.05), and @entity8 (wall motion index <1.15) (RR=1.97; 95% CI: 1.10-3.51) were independent predictors of @entity2 and @entity3 . Ambulatory ECG monitoring had no predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise testing and echocardiography performed early after coronary bypass surgery are able to identify high-risk @entity0 who may benefit from intensive secondary prevention.

title: Use of non-invasive cardiac investigations to predict clinical endpoints after coronary bypass graft surgery in coronary artery disease XXXX : results from the prognosis and evaluation of risk in the coronary operated @entity0 (PERISCOP) study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIMS: Little is known about which @entity0 who have undergone coronary bypass surgery are at risk of future clinical @entity2 and may benefit from further medical treatment. We sought to determine if routine non-invasive cardiac investigations performed early after surgery were able to stratify the risk of @entity2 in this population. METHODS: Two thousand and sixty-five consecutive @entity0 were enrolled in a prospective multicenter study (PERISCOP). Exercise testing, echocardiography, and 24-h ambulatory ECG monitoring were performed at day 20+/-10 after coronary bypass surgery. Follow-up was performed 1 year after coronary bypass surgery. Causes of all hospitalisation and death occurring within 1 year were documented and classified by an End-point Committee. The principal endpoint was the combination of all-cause @entity3 and @entity2 requiring hospitalisation ( @entity5 , unstable or severe @entity7 , @entity1 , @entity6 ). RESULTS: The 1-year frequency of first events was 155 (8%). In multivariate analysis, exercise duration <420s (RR=1.68; 95% CI: 1.13-2.49), exercise induced @entity4 >1mm (RR=1.90; 95% CI: 1.18-3.05), and @entity8 (wall motion index <1.15) (RR=1.97; 95% CI: 1.10-3.51) were independent predictors of @entity2 and @entity3 . Ambulatory ECG monitoring had no predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise testing and echocardiography performed early after coronary bypass surgery are able to identify high-risk @entity0 who may benefit from intensive secondary prevention.

title: Use of non-invasive cardiac investigations to predict clinical endpoints after coronary bypass graft surgery in coronary artery disease @entity0 : results from the prognosis and evaluation of risk in the coronary operated XXXX (PERISCOP) study.

answer: @entity0


abstract: PURPOSE: Obesity has been associated with @entity1 and @entity9 . We investigated the effects of @entity1 and treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on serum aminotransferase levels in @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: We studied 40 @entity2 @entity0 with @entity1 . None had hepatitis B antigen or C antibody, @entity8 , or an excessive intake of @entity3 . Serum levels of @entity6 aminotransferase, @entity7 aminotransferase, @entity4 , @entity5 , insulin, and leptin were determined in the afternoon and in the morning immediately after sleep, before and after nasal CPAP treatment. RESULTS: Aminotransferase levels were abnormal in 35% (n = 14) of @entity0 . Before treatment, mean (+/- SD) @entity6 aminotransferase levels were higher in the morning than in the previous afternoon (presleep, 34 +/- 20 IU/L; postsleep, 39 +/- 28 IU/L; P = 0.006). The overnight mean increases in aminotransferase levels were less marked after the first night of nasal CPAP treatment ( @entity6 aminotransferase: from 6 +/- 11 IU/L to 2 +/- 6 IU/L, P = 0.0003; @entity7 aminotransferase: from 5 +/- 9 IU/L to 2 +/- 6 IU/L, P = 0.006). Leptin levels (n = 23) decreased significantly after treatment (P = 0.0002), whereas insulin resistance (calculated by the homeostasis model assessment method) and @entity4 levels were unchanged. Improvements in @entity6 and @entity7 aminotransferase levels were maintained after 1 and 6 months of nasal CPAP treatment. CONCLUSION: Nasal CPAP therapy may have beneficial effects on serum aminotransferase abnormalities in @entity2 @entity0 who @entity1 .

title: XXXX on serum aminotransferase levels in @entity2 @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: Obesity has been associated with @entity1 and @entity9 . We investigated the effects of @entity1 and treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on serum aminotransferase levels in @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: We studied 40 @entity2 @entity0 with @entity1 . None had hepatitis B antigen or C antibody, @entity8 , or an excessive intake of @entity3 . Serum levels of @entity6 aminotransferase, @entity7 aminotransferase, @entity4 , @entity5 , insulin, and leptin were determined in the afternoon and in the morning immediately after sleep, before and after nasal CPAP treatment. RESULTS: Aminotransferase levels were abnormal in 35% (n = 14) of @entity0 . Before treatment, mean (+/- SD) @entity6 aminotransferase levels were higher in the morning than in the previous afternoon (presleep, 34 +/- 20 IU/L; postsleep, 39 +/- 28 IU/L; P = 0.006). The overnight mean increases in aminotransferase levels were less marked after the first night of nasal CPAP treatment ( @entity6 aminotransferase: from 6 +/- 11 IU/L to 2 +/- 6 IU/L, P = 0.0003; @entity7 aminotransferase: from 5 +/- 9 IU/L to 2 +/- 6 IU/L, P = 0.006). Leptin levels (n = 23) decreased significantly after treatment (P = 0.0002), whereas insulin resistance (calculated by the homeostasis model assessment method) and @entity4 levels were unchanged. Improvements in @entity6 and @entity7 aminotransferase levels were maintained after 1 and 6 months of nasal CPAP treatment. CONCLUSION: Nasal CPAP therapy may have beneficial effects on serum aminotransferase abnormalities in @entity2 @entity0 who @entity1 .

title: @entity1 on serum aminotransferase levels in XXXX @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Obesity has been associated with @entity1 and @entity9 . We investigated the effects of @entity1 and treatment with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on serum aminotransferase levels in @entity2 @entity0 . METHODS: We studied 40 @entity2 @entity0 with @entity1 . None had hepatitis B antigen or C antibody, @entity8 , or an excessive intake of @entity3 . Serum levels of @entity6 aminotransferase, @entity7 aminotransferase, @entity4 , @entity5 , insulin, and leptin were determined in the afternoon and in the morning immediately after sleep, before and after nasal CPAP treatment. RESULTS: Aminotransferase levels were abnormal in 35% (n = 14) of @entity0 . Before treatment, mean (+/- SD) @entity6 aminotransferase levels were higher in the morning than in the previous afternoon (presleep, 34 +/- 20 IU/L; postsleep, 39 +/- 28 IU/L; P = 0.006). The overnight mean increases in aminotransferase levels were less marked after the first night of nasal CPAP treatment ( @entity6 aminotransferase: from 6 +/- 11 IU/L to 2 +/- 6 IU/L, P = 0.0003; @entity7 aminotransferase: from 5 +/- 9 IU/L to 2 +/- 6 IU/L, P = 0.006). Leptin levels (n = 23) decreased significantly after treatment (P = 0.0002), whereas insulin resistance (calculated by the homeostasis model assessment method) and @entity4 levels were unchanged. Improvements in @entity6 and @entity7 aminotransferase levels were maintained after 1 and 6 months of nasal CPAP treatment. CONCLUSION: Nasal CPAP therapy may have beneficial effects on serum aminotransferase abnormalities in @entity2 @entity0 who @entity1 .

title: @entity1 on serum aminotransferase levels in @entity2 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The Holter monitors of 14 @entity0 (out of 58,000 Holter recordings performed between 1978 and 1984) who experienced @entity6 and expired during the recording period were analyzed. @entity6 @entity0 frequently had @entity2 , @entity3 , and prolonged QTc intervals. The highest incidence of intermediately frequent @entity7 ( @entity7 ) occurred between 15 and 6 hours prior to @entity1 . The frequency of ventricular couplets increased toward the time of arrest. The hours with greatest frequency of @entity5 ( @entity5 ) were found to be the last 5 hours of life. An increasing incidence of ST-segment changes greater than 2 mm was noted throughout all of the risk periods until the third hour prior to arrest when the incidence diminished. Conversely, the incidence of lower amplitude ST-segment changes (usually elevation) increased over the final 6 hours. The mean time of @entity1 was 0228 hours +/- 5:20. In conclusion, we observed two patterns of Holter-monitored changes which usually occurred prior to @entity1 and may represent predictors of @entity4 : (1) an increasing incidence of intermediately frequent isolated @entity7 followed by increased ventricular couplets and runs of @entity5 ; (2) return of high amplitude ST-segment changes toward baseline. To our knowledge, the temporal relationship of the degree of ST-segment deviation to @entity4 and the time of @entity4 have not been reported in large studies of Holter-monitored @entity4 @entity0 .

title: Analysis of ambulatory electrocardiograms in 14 XXXX who experienced sudden cardiac death during monitoring.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The medical and laboratory records were reviewed in 37 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 with @entity1 . In 24 @entity0 with the presentation of @entity3 , the initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture was positive. The initial India ink mount demonstrated organisms in 79% of culture positive CSF specimens. After therapy the subsequent India ink mounts demonstrated 84% sensitivity and 53% specificity with respect to culture outcome. Cultures of blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and brain were more likely to be positive than cultures from other sites. The initial blood cultures were positive in eight of eight @entity0 at presentation of @entity3 . When the initial CSF titer was greater than 1:2, the corresponding CSF culture was always positive. A negative culture during therapy did not necessarily indicate eradication of @entity1 . The initial cerebrospinal fluid and serum cryptococcal antigen titers varied significantly and could not be correlated with survival. In three instances when the CSF cryptococcal antigen titers and cultures were negative, a positive serum cryptococcal antigen greater than 1:8 suggested disseminated @entity1 .

title: The clinical laboratory evaluation of @entity1 in the XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The medical and laboratory records were reviewed in 37 @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 with @entity1 . In 24 @entity0 with the presentation of @entity3 , the initial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture was positive. The initial India ink mount demonstrated organisms in 79% of culture positive CSF specimens. After therapy the subsequent India ink mounts demonstrated 84% sensitivity and 53% specificity with respect to culture outcome. Cultures of blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and brain were more likely to be positive than cultures from other sites. The initial blood cultures were positive in eight of eight @entity0 at presentation of @entity3 . When the initial CSF titer was greater than 1:2, the corresponding CSF culture was always positive. A negative culture during therapy did not necessarily indicate eradication of @entity1 . The initial cerebrospinal fluid and serum cryptococcal antigen titers varied significantly and could not be correlated with survival. In three instances when the CSF cryptococcal antigen titers and cultures were negative, a positive serum cryptococcal antigen greater than 1:8 suggested disseminated @entity1 .

title: The clinical laboratory evaluation of XXXX in the @entity2 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the cost effectiveness of physiotherapy, manual therapy, and care by a general practitioner for @entity0 with @entity2 . DESIGN: Economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial. SETTING: Primary care. @entity0 : 183 @entity0 with @entity2 for at least two weeks recruited by 42 general practitioners and randomly allocated to manual therapy (n=60, spinal mobilisation), physiotherapy (n=59, mainly exercise), or general practitioner care (n=64, counselling, education, and drugs). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical outcomes were perceived recovery, intensity of @entity1 , and quality of life. Direct and indirect costs were measured by means of cost diaries that were kept by @entity0 for one year. Differences in mean costs between groups, cost effectiveness, and cost utility ratios were evaluated by applying non-parametric bootstrapping techniques. RESULTS: The manual therapy group showed a faster improvement than the physiotherapy group and the general practitioner care group up to 26 weeks, but differences were negligible by follow up at 52 weeks. The total costs of manual therapy (447 @entity3 ; 273 pounds sterling; 402 dollars) were around one third of the costs of physiotherapy (1297 @entity3 ) and general practitioner care (1379 @entity3 ). These differences were significant: P<0.01 for manual therapy versus physiotherapy and manual therapy versus general practitioner care and P=0.55 for general practitioner care versus physiotherapy. The cost effectiveness ratios and the cost utility ratios showed that manual therapy was less costly and more effective than physiotherapy or general practitioner care. CONCLUSIONS: Manual therapy (spinal mobilisation) is more effective and less costly for treating @entity2 than physiotherapy or care by a general practitioner.

title: Cost effectiveness of physiotherapy, manual therapy, and general practitioner care for XXXX : economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity3 is a @entity2 commonly affecting the general and athletic population and presents with @entity2 , stiffness, and swelling in the mid-portion of the Achilles tendon. The physical stress placed on the tendon results in micro-trauma, which leads to subsequent @entity1 and degeneration. While it is not surprising that this condition affects the physically active, nearly one third of @entity3 cases occur in sedentary individuals. Etiology for this condition stems from a change in loading patterns and/or overuse of the tendon, thus resulting in microscopic tearing and degenerative changes. There are numerous causes contributing to the maladaptive response in these @entity0 , such as mechanical, age-related, genetic and vascular factors. The treatment for these @entity0 is typically load management and eccentric strengthening of the gastroc-soleus complex. Unfortunately, conservative treatment can lead to surgical intervention in up to 45% of cases. A relatively new phenomenon in the treatment of this condition is the use of autologous blood injections (ABI) and platelet-rich plasma injections (PRPI). This need for a less invasive treatment fostered more investigation into ABI and PRPI to treat these non-responsive @entity0 . However, the evidence concerning the effectiveness of these treatments in @entity0 with @entity3 has not been synthesized.

title: Autologous Blood and Platelet Rich Plasma Injections in the Treatment of XXXX : A Critically Appraised Topic.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) species and their activation associated with the pathogenesis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: Sandwich enzyme immunoassays were used to measure concentrations of @entity7 in vitreous samples from @entity0 with @entity1 and nondiabetic @entity2 . To evaluate activation ratios of the zymogen of @entity3 (proMMP-2) and -9 (proMMP-9) in the vitreous samples and fibrovascular tissues, gelatin zymography was performed. Production and tissue localization of @entity3 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity6 , and @entity4 in the fibrovascular tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. mRNA expression of @entity5 in the tissues was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Among the seven different MMPs examined in the vitreous samples, only the levels of @entity8 were significantly higher in the @entity1 samples than in the control. However, activation ratios of proMMP-2 (10.6% +/- 11.8%) and proMMP-9 (2.5% +/- 5.1%) in @entity1 vitreous samples were low and not significantly different from those of the control. In contrast, high activation ratios of proMMP-2 (54.3% +/- 13.6%) and notable activation of proMMP-9 (19.5% +/- 7.8%) were observed in the fibrovascular tissues. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated the localization of @entity8 in the endothelial cells and glial cells of the fibrovascular tissues. @entity3 was colocalized with @entity5 and @entity6 , which are an activator and an activation-enhancing factor, respectively, for proMMP-2. RT-PCR analysis indicated the gene expression of @entity5 in the tissues. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that proMMP-2 is efficiently activated in the fibrovascular tissues of @entity1 , probably through interaction with @entity5 and @entity6 , and suggest the possibility that the activity of @entity3 and @entity5 is involved in the formation of the fibrovascular tissues.

title: Production and activation of XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: To investigate the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) species and their activation associated with the pathogenesis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). METHODS: Sandwich enzyme immunoassays were used to measure concentrations of @entity7 in vitreous samples from @entity0 with @entity1 and nondiabetic @entity2 . To evaluate activation ratios of the zymogen of @entity3 (proMMP-2) and -9 (proMMP-9) in the vitreous samples and fibrovascular tissues, gelatin zymography was performed. Production and tissue localization of @entity3 , @entity5 ( @entity5 ), @entity6 , and @entity4 in the fibrovascular tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry. mRNA expression of @entity5 in the tissues was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS: Among the seven different MMPs examined in the vitreous samples, only the levels of @entity8 were significantly higher in the @entity1 samples than in the control. However, activation ratios of proMMP-2 (10.6% +/- 11.8%) and proMMP-9 (2.5% +/- 5.1%) in @entity1 vitreous samples were low and not significantly different from those of the control. In contrast, high activation ratios of proMMP-2 (54.3% +/- 13.6%) and notable activation of proMMP-9 (19.5% +/- 7.8%) were observed in the fibrovascular tissues. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated the localization of @entity8 in the endothelial cells and glial cells of the fibrovascular tissues. @entity3 was colocalized with @entity5 and @entity6 , which are an activator and an activation-enhancing factor, respectively, for proMMP-2. RT-PCR analysis indicated the gene expression of @entity5 in the tissues. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that proMMP-2 is efficiently activated in the fibrovascular tissues of @entity1 , probably through interaction with @entity5 and @entity6 , and suggest the possibility that the activity of @entity3 and @entity5 is involved in the formation of the fibrovascular tissues.

title: Production and activation of @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: We report our first experience with a new microprocessor device for assisting individuals with @entity1 in the adjustment of @entity3 therapy. The computer weighs 200 g and can receive, store, and analyze @entity0 -entered capillary blood @entity2 (CBG) data on an ongoing basis. Changes in the injected mixtures of short- and intermediate-acting insulins are recommended according to algorithms designed to bring the premeal CBG levels to any desired target value set by the physician. Throughout the present study, the premeal target @entity2 level was set to 110 mg/dl. Seven (type I) @entity3 -dependent @entity1 individuals ranging in age from 11 to 43 yr were selected to participate in the first use of a BCMC (Better Control Medical Computers, Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada) computer on an outpatient basis. All subjects were concerned about @entity1 control and were fully informed about as well as thoroughly practiced in the use of manual @entity3 dosage adjustment schemes, based on approximately equal to 4 times daily CBG estimation, as currently taught in our @entity1 clinics. During the last 7 days of the control period of self-adjustment, their mean +/- SEM CBG levels (measured before breakfast, lunch, dinner, and bedtime snack) were, respectively, 178 +/- 20, 187 +/- 35, 208 +/- 22, and 207 +/- 13 mg/dl. Immediately after the control period they were given the device and were instructed in the procedure for entering glycemic data and following manufacturer's recommendations in regard to @entity3 dosages. This experimental period lasted 8 wk and the outcome was assessed as before. Thus, 8 wk after starting daily use of the instrument, all glycemic values measured as before had fallen significantly (P less than 0.005-0.05) closer to normal: 116 +/- 9, 110 +/- 6, 148 +/- 15, and 135 +/- 9 mg/dl, respectively. Concurrently there was also a significant (P less than 0.01) reduction in the variability of glycemia measured before the main meals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Computer-assisted XXXX dosage adjustment.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Our present knowledge of the @entity0 health effects of @entity9 exposure is derived from study of major outbreaks of @entity0 @entity8 in Japan and Iraq and experimental studies on primates. @entity9 readily passes through such physiological barriers as the blood-brain barrier, blood-testes barrier, and the placenta. Its major pathological effects are on the nervous and reproductive systems and the developing embryo/fetus. The @entity7 of @entity9 is well established in both @entity0 and non- @entity0 primates. Lesions in the cerebral and cerebellar gray matter consist of @entity1 and lysis of neurons, phagocytosis and @entity10 . The changes are most prominent in the deep sulci and may have a vascular component. A late effect is @entity3 . At high dose levels the liver, kidneys, and other organs may also have degenerative changes. Although not yet described in @entity0 , a major effect of exposure of female primates is an adverse effect on pregnancy. Maternal female @entity11 blood @entity5 levels above 1 ppm are associated with a decreased pregnancy rate and increased abortion rate. To date our experimental data lack sufficient numbers to detect infrequent pregnancy effects below 1 ppm. Preliminary studies also reveal that @entity9 may also decrease the number and function (swim speed) of sperm. Both @entity0 and primate studies demonstrate deleterious effects of @entity9 on the developing embryo/fetus. Autopsies on @entity0 and primate @entity0 @entity6 brain development and the occurrence of a @entity4 -like behavior in the newborns, whereas the mother may be free of signs and symptoms of @entity9 @entity2 . The fetal blood level of @entity5 is higher than the maternal level.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Health risks from increases in XXXX exposure.

answer: @entity9


abstract: Digital @entity4 tomosynthesis (D-FTS) investigations have been performed using a new nonlinear reconstruction algorithm. It is called extreme-value decoding and produces significantly less artefact than back projection used commonly in tomosynthesis. The @entity1 allows the use of tomosynthesis based on only four projections in the case of dilute objects, i.e. objects with only a small number of high absorbing voxels. This condition can be realized in angiography by cancelling soft-tissue and bones by subtraction (e.g. DSA technique). The new technique has been carried out in 10 @entity0 with @entity2 after investigation with standard 35 mm cineangiography. For the recording step of the D-FTS images we have used a multiple X-ray source. For the digital nonlinear reconstruction step we have used a VAX 11/780 computer. The estimated degree of @entity3 found by D-FTS tomograms shows good accordance with the cineangiographic studies. The amount of contrast medium, the X-ray dose, and the investigation time are significantly reduced, because D-FTS requires only a single pre- and post-injection multiple perspective-image for each coronary artery.

title: First clinical results with XXXX in coronary angiography.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We have conducted a multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing in advanced post-menopausal @entity0 @entity1 500 mg vs 1 g AG/day. The @entity3 dose was 40 mg/day in both groups. One hundred and seventy @entity1 have been randomized; 161 were evaluable for tolerability, 149 for effectiveness. Response rates were similar in both groups, 19 and 24% respectively for the 500 mg and 1 g groups. No difference was observed according to @entity2 site. Duration of response was the same in both groups (14 months), as was mean time to response (about 3 months). Survival (studies in 125 @entity1 ) was similar in both groups (responders and non-responders). No response could be obtained with 1 g after relapse or failure with 500 mg (n = 17). Tolerability was good in 91% of the 500 mg group @entity1 and 78% of the 1 g group @entity1 (P less than 0.03). It was poor in 4 and 15% respectively (P less than 0.03). Side-effects were the same in both groups but less frequent and less severe in the 500 mg group; however, these @entity1 more frequently had 'moon face'.

title: Aminoglutethimide in advanced XXXX : clinical results of a French multicenter randomized trial comparing 500 mg and 1 g/day.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In a prospective non-randomised trial 1642 @entity1 were included. After a mean time of 10 years a follow-up analysis was performed. The importance of the radicality of the primary operative therapy of @entity0 should be evaluated. The mean 5 years survival rate was 67.3%, the 10 year survival rate 51.6%. @entity2 stage and age had a highly significant influence on the survival rate. @entity1 with simple mastectomy had a lower survival rate as @entity1 with radical mastectomy. This apparent difference was caused by a different age distribution in the therapy groups. Accordingly the mean life deficiency was the lowest in the simple mastectomy group. In a multiple hazard statistical analysis @entity2 stage and age showed a highly significant influence on the survival rate. The intraoperative radicality classification showed a significant correlation to the prognoses of the @entity1 . The operative therapy itself had no significant influence on the survival rate of the @entity1 .

title: [Significance of primary radical surgery for survival following treatment of @entity0 . Problems of interpretation of treatment results of prospective, nonrandomized studies exemplified by the Southwest Germany XXXX Study].

answer: @entity0


abstract: In a prospective non-randomised trial 1642 @entity1 were included. After a mean time of 10 years a follow-up analysis was performed. The importance of the radicality of the primary operative therapy of @entity0 should be evaluated. The mean 5 years survival rate was 67.3%, the 10 year survival rate 51.6%. @entity2 stage and age had a highly significant influence on the survival rate. @entity1 with simple mastectomy had a lower survival rate as @entity1 with radical mastectomy. This apparent difference was caused by a different age distribution in the therapy groups. Accordingly the mean life deficiency was the lowest in the simple mastectomy group. In a multiple hazard statistical analysis @entity2 stage and age showed a highly significant influence on the survival rate. The intraoperative radicality classification showed a significant correlation to the prognoses of the @entity1 . The operative therapy itself had no significant influence on the survival rate of the @entity1 .

title: [Significance of primary radical surgery for survival following treatment of XXXX . Problems of interpretation of treatment results of prospective, nonrandomized studies exemplified by the Southwest Germany @entity0 Study].

answer: @entity0


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic surgery for @entity1 has low rates of morbidity and mortality and achieves comparable pathologic outcomes. With improved instruments and surgical techniques, many surgeons have recently begun using @entity5 ( @entity5 ) to minimize scars and @entity2 . Since 2011, most reports of @entity5 for @entity1 have shown comparable pathologic outcomes to those of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). However, @entity5 is said to be superior to @entity6 in reducing complications, producing less discomfort, and faster recovery rates. This study aimed to compare the technical feasibility and early postoperative outcomes of these approaches. METHODS: From January 2011 to January 2014, 78 cases of @entity3 and anal canal were enrolled in the study. Anterior, low anterior, intersphincteric, and abdominoperineal resections were performed. Data collected included technical feasibility and outcomes of operation, such as morbidity, mortality, severity of @entity2 , analgesic usage, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: @entity5 was performed on 35 @entity0 , and @entity6 was performed in 36 cases. Demographic data, including age, sex, BMI, ASA classification and clinical staging, were similar between the groups. Operative time, @entity4 , and conversion rate were similar (P   >   0.05). Postoperatively, the only significant difference between the groups was @entity2 score, which was significantly lower in the @entity5 group (P   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity5 and @entity6 for @entity1 had the same intraoperative, pathologic, and early postoperative results. However, @entity5 @entity0 had slightly better @entity2 scores in the first 24 and 48 h postoperatively.

title: Comparison between the perioperative results of single-access and XXXX in @entity1 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic surgery for @entity1 has low rates of morbidity and mortality and achieves comparable pathologic outcomes. With improved instruments and surgical techniques, many surgeons have recently begun using @entity5 ( @entity5 ) to minimize scars and @entity2 . Since 2011, most reports of @entity5 for @entity1 have shown comparable pathologic outcomes to those of @entity6 ( @entity6 ). However, @entity5 is said to be superior to @entity6 in reducing complications, producing less discomfort, and faster recovery rates. This study aimed to compare the technical feasibility and early postoperative outcomes of these approaches. METHODS: From January 2011 to January 2014, 78 cases of @entity3 and anal canal were enrolled in the study. Anterior, low anterior, intersphincteric, and abdominoperineal resections were performed. Data collected included technical feasibility and outcomes of operation, such as morbidity, mortality, severity of @entity2 , analgesic usage, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: @entity5 was performed on 35 @entity0 , and @entity6 was performed in 36 cases. Demographic data, including age, sex, BMI, ASA classification and clinical staging, were similar between the groups. Operative time, @entity4 , and conversion rate were similar (P   >   0.05). Postoperatively, the only significant difference between the groups was @entity2 score, which was significantly lower in the @entity5 group (P   <   0.001). CONCLUSION: @entity5 and @entity6 for @entity1 had the same intraoperative, pathologic, and early postoperative results. However, @entity5 @entity0 had slightly better @entity2 scores in the first 24 and 48 h postoperatively.

title: Comparison between the perioperative results of single-access and @entity6 in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Thirty-seven @entity0 were enrolled in a phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and @entity2 of neoadjuvant radiotherapy concurrent with weekly @entity4 and @entity6 in locoregionally advanced @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The study was also designed to evaluate the operability following concurrent chemoirradiation. The following response rates to chemoirradiation were obtained: complete response (CR) 5 of 37 (13.5%), partial response 14 of 37 (38%), stable disease 12 of 37 (32.5%) and PD 6 of 37 (16%). Twenty @entity0 underwent surgery, and in 19 @entity0 the @entity1 was totally resected. There was pathologic CR in 4 @entity0 . Moderate/severe @entity5 developed in 16 @entity0 (43%); hematologic @entity2 was mild. There was one case of postoperative mortality. Nine @entity0 are alive without evidence of disease at 5+ to 39+ months. Median survival is 22 months. It is concluded that neoadjuvant radiotherapy concurrent with weekly @entity4 / @entity6 is effective and well tolerated in @entity0 and feasible for @entity0 with locally advanced @entity3 , allowing complete @entity1 resection in 56% of the cases.

title: Neoadjuvant radiotherapy concurrent with weekly @entity4 and @entity6 and followed by surgery in locally advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Thirty-seven @entity0 were enrolled in a phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and @entity2 of neoadjuvant radiotherapy concurrent with weekly @entity4 and @entity6 in locoregionally advanced @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The study was also designed to evaluate the operability following concurrent chemoirradiation. The following response rates to chemoirradiation were obtained: complete response (CR) 5 of 37 (13.5%), partial response 14 of 37 (38%), stable disease 12 of 37 (32.5%) and PD 6 of 37 (16%). Twenty @entity0 underwent surgery, and in 19 @entity0 the @entity1 was totally resected. There was pathologic CR in 4 @entity0 . Moderate/severe @entity5 developed in 16 @entity0 (43%); hematologic @entity2 was mild. There was one case of postoperative mortality. Nine @entity0 are alive without evidence of disease at 5+ to 39+ months. Median survival is 22 months. It is concluded that neoadjuvant radiotherapy concurrent with weekly @entity4 / @entity6 is effective and well tolerated in @entity0 and feasible for @entity0 with locally advanced @entity3 , allowing complete @entity1 resection in 56% of the cases.

title: Neoadjuvant radiotherapy concurrent with weekly @entity4 and XXXX and followed by surgery in locally advanced @entity3 .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Thirty-seven @entity0 were enrolled in a phase II study to evaluate the efficacy and @entity2 of neoadjuvant radiotherapy concurrent with weekly @entity4 and @entity6 in locoregionally advanced @entity3 ( @entity3 ). The study was also designed to evaluate the operability following concurrent chemoirradiation. The following response rates to chemoirradiation were obtained: complete response (CR) 5 of 37 (13.5%), partial response 14 of 37 (38%), stable disease 12 of 37 (32.5%) and PD 6 of 37 (16%). Twenty @entity0 underwent surgery, and in 19 @entity0 the @entity1 was totally resected. There was pathologic CR in 4 @entity0 . Moderate/severe @entity5 developed in 16 @entity0 (43%); hematologic @entity2 was mild. There was one case of postoperative mortality. Nine @entity0 are alive without evidence of disease at 5+ to 39+ months. Median survival is 22 months. It is concluded that neoadjuvant radiotherapy concurrent with weekly @entity4 / @entity6 is effective and well tolerated in @entity0 and feasible for @entity0 with locally advanced @entity3 , allowing complete @entity1 resection in 56% of the cases.

title: Neoadjuvant radiotherapy concurrent with weekly XXXX and @entity6 and followed by surgery in locally advanced @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: VIROLOGICAL ASPECTS: @entity0 polyomaviruses ( @entity10 and @entity9 ), together with simian polyomaviruses (SV40 virus) share 75% of genomic homology. Their in vivo and in vitro genomes vary. Molecular analyses have identified several genotypes, some of which appear related to the development of @entity6 . Genomic modifications of the regulation area might provide the @entity10 with a pathogenic aspect thus enhancing the induction of tubulo-interstitial @entity2 in renal transplant recipients. EPIDEMIOLOGY: @entity0 polyomaviruses are ubiquitous and exhibit a sero-prevalence of 60 to 80% in adults. Following a @entity4 via the respiratory tract in childhood, these viruses are diffused in the blood using the B-lymphocytes during their latent stage in the urogenital tract. The reactivation that occurs after several years is asymptomatic and urinary excretion of @entity10 is observed in 4 to 6% of immunocompetent @entity0 . PATHOGENIC POTENTIAL: @entity0 polyomaviruses have a cytopathogenic effect on the urothelium and epithelium of renal transplant recipients. Infection by @entity10 may provoke @entity7 or @entity8 . The JCv is the cause of progressive multifocal leuko- @entity3 . The @entity10 (and less frequently the JCv) is responsible for tubulo-interstitial @entity5 possible leading to renal transplant loss. They also have an oncogenic effect and their implication in the origin of @entity1 is the subject of many studies.

title: [Virological, epidemiological and pathogenic aspects of XXXX polyomaviruses].

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are key regulators of apoptosis and are frequently dysregulated in @entity2 . It was hypothesized that blocking IAPs with birinapant would increase @entity1 cell death and result in objective responses for @entity0 with @entity4 -refractory and -resistant @entity2 . METHODS: In this phase 2, @entity1 Therapy Evaluation Program-sponsored study, @entity0 received birinapant at 47   mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 of 28-day cycles. Pharmacokinetics were obtained during cycle 1. Plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and percutaneous @entity1 biopsy samples were collected before cycle 1 and after 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was an objective response or progression-free survival lasting greater than 6 months in a mini-max design. RESULTS: Eleven @entity0 received birinapant; after this, accrual was terminated for lack of a clinical benefit. Birinapant was well tolerated, with predominantly grade 2 adverse events and 1 case of grade 3 @entity5 . Pretreatment biopsy samples and PBMCs were collected; paired posttreatment biopsy samples and PBMCs were collected from 7 and 10 @entity0 , respectively. There was consistent downregulation of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 in @entity1 (P   =   .016) and PBMCs (P   <   .01). @entity3 also decreased in @entity1 (P   =   .031) and PBMCs (P   <   .01); cleaved caspase 3 colocalized with @entity6 (y-H2AX) in @entity1 after birinapant exposure. Peripheral T and B cells decreased significantly after treatment, but natural killer cells did not (P   =   .04, P   =   .05, and P   =   .43, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Birinapant shows consistent target suppression in vivo without single-agent antitumor activity in this small population. Single-agent pharmacodynamics are necessary to understand the drug's mechanism of action and set the stage for rational combination therapy. Preclinical studies are ongoing to identify optimal synergistic combinations for future clinical trials. @entity1 2016;122:588-597.    2015 American @entity1 Society.

title: Pharmacodynamic markers and clinical results from the phase 2 study of the SMAC mimetic birinapant in @entity0 with relapsed XXXX -resistant or -refractory epithelial @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are key regulators of apoptosis and are frequently dysregulated in @entity2 . It was hypothesized that blocking IAPs with birinapant would increase @entity1 cell death and result in objective responses for @entity0 with @entity4 -refractory and -resistant @entity2 . METHODS: In this phase 2, @entity1 Therapy Evaluation Program-sponsored study, @entity0 received birinapant at 47   mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 of 28-day cycles. Pharmacokinetics were obtained during cycle 1. Plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and percutaneous @entity1 biopsy samples were collected before cycle 1 and after 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was an objective response or progression-free survival lasting greater than 6 months in a mini-max design. RESULTS: Eleven @entity0 received birinapant; after this, accrual was terminated for lack of a clinical benefit. Birinapant was well tolerated, with predominantly grade 2 adverse events and 1 case of grade 3 @entity5 . Pretreatment biopsy samples and PBMCs were collected; paired posttreatment biopsy samples and PBMCs were collected from 7 and 10 @entity0 , respectively. There was consistent downregulation of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 in @entity1 (P   =   .016) and PBMCs (P   <   .01). @entity3 also decreased in @entity1 (P   =   .031) and PBMCs (P   <   .01); cleaved caspase 3 colocalized with @entity6 (y-H2AX) in @entity1 after birinapant exposure. Peripheral T and B cells decreased significantly after treatment, but natural killer cells did not (P   =   .04, P   =   .05, and P   =   .43, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Birinapant shows consistent target suppression in vivo without single-agent antitumor activity in this small population. Single-agent pharmacodynamics are necessary to understand the drug's mechanism of action and set the stage for rational combination therapy. Preclinical studies are ongoing to identify optimal synergistic combinations for future clinical trials. @entity1 2016;122:588-597.    2015 American @entity1 Society.

title: Pharmacodynamic markers and clinical results from the phase 2 study of the SMAC mimetic birinapant in @entity0 with relapsed @entity4 -resistant or -refractory epithelial XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) are key regulators of apoptosis and are frequently dysregulated in @entity2 . It was hypothesized that blocking IAPs with birinapant would increase @entity1 cell death and result in objective responses for @entity0 with @entity4 -refractory and -resistant @entity2 . METHODS: In this phase 2, @entity1 Therapy Evaluation Program-sponsored study, @entity0 received birinapant at 47   mg/m(2) on days 1, 8, and 15 of 28-day cycles. Pharmacokinetics were obtained during cycle 1. Plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and percutaneous @entity1 biopsy samples were collected before cycle 1 and after 6 weeks. The primary endpoint was an objective response or progression-free survival lasting greater than 6 months in a mini-max design. RESULTS: Eleven @entity0 received birinapant; after this, accrual was terminated for lack of a clinical benefit. Birinapant was well tolerated, with predominantly grade 2 adverse events and 1 case of grade 3 @entity5 . Pretreatment biopsy samples and PBMCs were collected; paired posttreatment biopsy samples and PBMCs were collected from 7 and 10 @entity0 , respectively. There was consistent downregulation of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 in @entity1 (P   =   .016) and PBMCs (P   <   .01). @entity3 also decreased in @entity1 (P   =   .031) and PBMCs (P   <   .01); cleaved caspase 3 colocalized with @entity6 (y-H2AX) in @entity1 after birinapant exposure. Peripheral T and B cells decreased significantly after treatment, but natural killer cells did not (P   =   .04, P   =   .05, and P   =   .43, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Birinapant shows consistent target suppression in vivo without single-agent antitumor activity in this small population. Single-agent pharmacodynamics are necessary to understand the drug's mechanism of action and set the stage for rational combination therapy. Preclinical studies are ongoing to identify optimal synergistic combinations for future clinical trials. @entity1 2016;122:588-597.    2015 American @entity1 Society.

title: Pharmacodynamic markers and clinical results from the phase 2 study of the SMAC mimetic birinapant in XXXX with relapsed @entity4 -resistant or -refractory epithelial @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: OBJECT The revascularization technique, including bypass created using the external carotid artery (ECA), radial artery (RA), and M2 portion of @entity7 ( @entity7 ), has remained indispensable for treatment of complex @entity5 . To date, it remains unknown whether diameters of the RA, superficial temporal artery (STA), and C2 portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and intraoperative @entity7 blood pressure have influences on the outcome and the symptomatic watershed @entity6 (WI). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the factors for the symptomatic WI and @entity1 in @entity0 treated by ECA-RA-M2 bypass for complex ICA @entity5 with @entity4 . METHODS The authors measured the sizes of vessels (RA, C2, M2, and STA) and intraoperative @entity7 blood pressure (initial, after ICA occlusion, and after releasing the RA graft bypass) in 37 @entity0 . Symptomatic WI was defined as presence of the following: postoperative new @entity2 , WI on postoperative diffusion-weighted imaging, and ipsilateral cerebral blood flow reduction on SPECT. Neurological worsening was defined as the increase in 1 or more modified Rankin Scale scores. First, the authors performed receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for continuous variables and the binary end point of the symptomatic WI. The clinical, radiological, and physiological characteristics of @entity0 with and without the symptomatic WI were compared using the log-rank test. Then, the authors compared the variables between @entity0 with and without @entity1 at discharge and at the 12-month follow-up examination or last hospital visit. RESULTS Symptomatic WI was observed in 2 (5.4%) @entity0 . The mean @entity7 pressure after releasing the RA graft (< 55 mm Hg; p = 0.017), mean ( @entity7 pressure after releasing the RA graft)/(initial @entity7 pressure) (< 0.70 mm Hg; p = 0.032), and mean cross-sectional area ratio ([RA/C2 diameter](2) < 0.40 mm [p < 0.0001] and [STA/C2 diameter](2) < 0.044 mm [p < 0.0001]) were related to the symptomatic WI. All preoperatively independent @entity0 remained independent (modified Rankin Scale score < 3). After adjusting for age and sex, left operative side (p = 0.0090 and 0.038) and perforating @entity3 (p = 0.0050 and 0.022) were related to @entity1 at discharge (11 [29%] @entity0 ) and at the 12-month follow-up or last hospital visit (8 [22%] @entity0 ). CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study showed that the vessel diameter and intraoperative @entity7 pressure had impacts on the symptomatic WI and that operative side and perforating @entity3 were related to @entity1 in @entity0 with @entity8 treated by ECA-RA-M2 bypass.

title: Risk factors for XXXX and symptomatic watershed infarction in internal carotid artery aneurysm treated by extracranial-intracranial bypass using radial artery graft.

answer: @entity1