abstract: Some photobiological properties of @entity3 (PQ) have been studied in comparison with @entity1 ( @entity1 ). In Ehrlich cells, PQ induced a moderate inhibition in DNA and RNA syntheses in the dark, which appeared to be more pronounced upon UVA irradiation. In contrast to @entity1 , in the presence of UVA, PQ also affected protein synthesis. Likewise marked antiproliferative effects were also observed in the study of the clonal growth of CHO cells cultivated in vitro. Using alkaline elution and CHO cells, a moderate formation of single-strand breaks (SSBs) and of DNA-protein cross-links (DPCs) was observed by incubation in the dark; upon UVA irradiation the amount of both lesions increased greatly, whereas no inter-strand cross-links (ISCs) were formed. As expected, @entity1 did not damage DNA in the dark, but induced SSBs, ISCs and DPCs in the presence of UVA. The induction of SSBs by both compounds seems to be directly related to a photochemical event rather than to incisions during DNA repair. As the induction of ISCs, and also the formation of DPCs by @entity1 and UVA, appears to be based on a two-step reaction involving photo-bound @entity1 -DNA moieties. In contrast, the formation of DPCs by PQ and UVA seems to involve @entity0 by free PQ molecules connected with SSB and @entity2 formation rather than with a DNA photo-binding activity. The PQ activity observed in the dark could probably be ascribed to a moderate inhibition of topoisomerases.

title: XXXX , a new compound with unusual photosensitizing properties.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Soleus muscles of @entity0 were denervated, treated with @entity4 and autografted in order to induce aneural regeneration or only denervated. After 2-70 days, muscles were fixed and embedded in @entity3 resin for light and electron microscopy. Regenerating muscles after 2 and 5 days consisted of a @entity1 core and a rim of new fibres; the @entity1 core had disappeared by day 10. The fibre size (mean cross-sectional area) was 139 microns2 after 10 days; it decreased to 22 microns2 after 70 days. Denervated muscle fibres measured 26 microns2 after 70 days. The sarcomere pattern was regular in 10-day regenerates but later degenerated. There were signs of fibre breakdown; immature regenerating fibres were still found after 70 days. Denervated muscles already contained a few new myotubes at 10 days; at 40 and 70 days fibre loss and regeneration were distinct. The percentage of satellite cells relative to myonuclei (normal 8%) doubled within the first 10 days after @entity1 and then fell to less than one fourth of normal. Denervation for 70 days increased threefold the percentage of satellite cells in some muscles and in others caused a decrease to half of normal. The number of fibre cross-sections in regenerated muscles was about 3000 after 10-70 days; this was roughly the same number as in normal soleus muscles. The true number of fibres, however, may have been smaller because regenerated fibres tend to branch. It is concluded that aneurally regenerating muscle fibres reach a high degree of structural differentiation, but then @entity2 , degenerate and vanish; they are replaced by new fibres, which do not reach the size of the first fibres, presumably because the satellite cell pool without innervation eventually becomes exhausted. The slow and non-synchronized breakdown of denervated soleus muscle fibres induces proliferation of satellite cells as in necrotized muscles; those muscles which had fewer satellite cells than normal after 70 days might already be showing exhaustion.

title: A comparison of the morphology of denervated with aneurally regenerated soleus muscle of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Thirty-four albino @entity0 were each exposed to 20 cercariae of @entity3 by the intraperitoneal or percutaneous route and killed after 60-127 days. The peritoneal cavity of each @entity0 was flushed and worms in the portal vein system were perfused with citrated saline. After sedimentation, washings were examined microscopically. Mature worms were only found in the portal vein system. The worm recovery rate was much higher by percutaneous @entity1 (61.2%) than by intraperitoneal (37.1%). The encapsulated egg @entity2 were observed either in the peritoneal cavity or on the intestinal wall; the mean number of encapsulated egg @entity2 was also higher in the former (1.6) than in the latter (0.6). The average number of eggs per @entity2 was very similar by both routes (10.7 and 11.4). The mean size of encapsulated egg @entity2 (529 microns) was increased correspondingly with the number of eggs (range 181-985 microns). The percentage of viable eggs within the @entity2 in the peritoneal cavity (77%) was much higher than those on the intestinal wall (18%). Encapsulated egg @entity2 were usually ovoid although some had an irregular shape.

title: Encapsulated egg deposition pattern of XXXX in the peritoneal cavity of @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Thirty-four albino @entity0 were each exposed to 20 cercariae of @entity3 by the intraperitoneal or percutaneous route and killed after 60-127 days. The peritoneal cavity of each @entity0 was flushed and worms in the portal vein system were perfused with citrated saline. After sedimentation, washings were examined microscopically. Mature worms were only found in the portal vein system. The worm recovery rate was much higher by percutaneous @entity1 (61.2%) than by intraperitoneal (37.1%). The encapsulated egg @entity2 were observed either in the peritoneal cavity or on the intestinal wall; the mean number of encapsulated egg @entity2 was also higher in the former (1.6) than in the latter (0.6). The average number of eggs per @entity2 was very similar by both routes (10.7 and 11.4). The mean size of encapsulated egg @entity2 (529 microns) was increased correspondingly with the number of eggs (range 181-985 microns). The percentage of viable eggs within the @entity2 in the peritoneal cavity (77%) was much higher than those on the intestinal wall (18%). Encapsulated egg @entity2 were usually ovoid although some had an irregular shape.

title: Encapsulated egg deposition pattern of @entity3 in the peritoneal cavity of XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: A quantitative light microscopic morphometric analysis of lysozyme- and IgA-containing Paneth cells within the ileal mucosa of physiologically manipulated and control (sham operation) animals was performed. The experimental groups of @entity0 included animals raised in a gnotobiotic environment (microbial reduction) and animals with ileal self-filling blind (microbial proliferation) and Thiry-Vella (intestinal discontinuity) loops. The unlabeled antibody enzyme immunohistochemical localization technique was employed for the identification of intracellular lysozyme and IgA. Component quantitation was performed by use of a micrometer component quantitator. Marked @entity2 was noted in association with gnotobiosis and with the @entity1 . This observation quantitatively confirms previous subjective impressions of increased Paneth cell differentiation in association with those physiologic states. Since the neurovascular component of the @entity1 is intact, the normal intraluminal succus entericus would appear to be involved in modulation of Paneth cell differentiation. The recognition of @entity2 in association with the @entity1 suggests that this may be a useful experimental model for an evaluation of the life cycle and functional characteristics of this cell population. The results also revealed that no significant change in the volume percentage of Paneth cells and a decreased volume percentage of Paneth cells containing IgA occurred in association with the self-filling blind loop. A decreased volume percentage of IgA-containing immunocytes in association with the blind loop has previously been reported. The data are most consistent with the interpretation that the Paneth cell and immunocyte response to antigenic stimulation are interrelated and that the Paneth cell population has a restricted latitude of response to microbial proliferation.

title: Light microscopic morphometric analysis of XXXX ileal mucosa: II. Component quantitation of Paneth cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The pathogenesis of @entity4 is associated with an intact antiviral immune response. To determine the degree of involvement of the host response in influenza virus-induced @entity2 , @entity0 were immunosuppressed by treatment with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Eight days after infection, pulmonary defense mechanisms were quantitated by aerogenic challenge with @entity3 ; the ingestion of opsonized erythrocyte (EA) was used to monitor the phagocytic capability of alveolar macrophages obtained by pulmonary lavage. The @entity5 treatment alone caused no significant alteration in pulmonary antibacterial defenses or macrophage phagocytosis, nor did it interfere with viral multiplication. In noninfected lungs, less than 1% of the initial viable staphylococci remained viable at 24 h compared with proliferation to 490 +/- 147% in virus-infected lungs. Treatment with @entity5 prevented staphylococcal multiplication, the bactericidal value being 28 +/- 12% at the same time period. The phagocytic index (EA ingested/100 macrophages) in cells retrieved from normal lungs was 783 +/- 22 compared with 235 +/- 29 in macrophages from virus-infected lungs. The @entity5 ameliorated the impairment in phagocytic ingestion, the index being 505 +/- 34. Incubation of alveolar macrophages from virus-infected, @entity5 -treated animals with specific viral antibody reestablished the phagocytic defect in a dose-dependent manner; the index being 215 +/- 30 at the lowest dilution of antiviral globulin. The data demonstrate that the virus-induced suppression of pulmonary antibacterial defenses caused by dysfunction in @entity1 phagocytosis is, in part, immunologically mediated.

title: Immune impairment of XXXX phagocytosis during influenza virus pneumonia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 has 20 different histologic descriptions grouped into four categories, A, B, C, and D, based on prognosis. An analysis of 3,902 @entity1 has revealed significant differences in outcome. Class A disease--for the most part in situ--was relatively benign, with a frequency distribution of 5%. Positive nodes were found in 1.6%, and five-year survival curves exceeded 91%. Class B (mucinous, medullary, etc) occurred in 4.1% of @entity1 . Fewer advanced stages indicated @entity3 , and survival at five years was 75%. The most common class, C (85%), had a five-year survival of 66%, closely related to stage. Class D @entity2 , 4.3% with ill defined, wildly infiltrative borders, and undifferentiation, were ominous with 33% demonstrating distant spread at first diagnosis. The five-year survival was only 46%. Epidemiologic findings revealed a high incidence of bilaterality and high family risk in some categories, but not in others. Mammography should be done in all class A lesions. A complete pretreatment metastatic survey is recommended for class D @entity1 , as well as those with @entity2 . Indications for various surgical and adjuvant therapies are described.

title: Histologic and staging classification of XXXX : implications for therapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity1 of combination therapy, compared with single second-line drug therapy, in @entity2 . METHODS: This study was a meta-analysis of published trials that evaluated combinations of full-dose second-line drugs and compared them with single second-line drugs at full dose. Using a random effects model, we summarized the difference between improvement with combination therapy and improvement with single-drug therapy. RESULTS: Five trials that met inclusion criteria, which contained 749 entering @entity0 and 516 completing @entity0 , were identified. The mean +/- SEM difference in improvement in tender joint count between combination and single-drug therapy at end of trial (24-52 weeks) was 2.4 +/- 0.7 joints (out of 60) (P < 0.001). At end of trial the difference between therapies in swollen joint counts was 1.0 +/- 1.2 joints (P = 0.42). The difference in grip strength improvement was 3.7 +/- 4.3 mm Hg (P = 0.40), and for erythrocyte sedimentation rate it was 3.4 +/- 3.1 mm/hour (P = 0.27). In general, the differences in efficacy between combination and single-drug therapy were clinically marginal. Nine percent more combination therapy-treated @entity0 experienced side effect-related discontinuation of therapy than @entity0 receiving single-drug therapy (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Combination therapy, as it has been used in recent clinical trials, does not offer a substantial improvement in efficacy, but does have higher @entity1 than single drug therapy. These combination therapy regimens are not recommended for widespread use. Other more aggressive regimens with additional drugs or higher drug doses than have been studied might be more efficacious, but with an even higher rate of @entity1 .

title: The efficacy and XXXX of combination therapy in @entity2 . A meta-analysis.

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and @entity1 of combination therapy, compared with single second-line drug therapy, in @entity2 . METHODS: This study was a meta-analysis of published trials that evaluated combinations of full-dose second-line drugs and compared them with single second-line drugs at full dose. Using a random effects model, we summarized the difference between improvement with combination therapy and improvement with single-drug therapy. RESULTS: Five trials that met inclusion criteria, which contained 749 entering @entity0 and 516 completing @entity0 , were identified. The mean +/- SEM difference in improvement in tender joint count between combination and single-drug therapy at end of trial (24-52 weeks) was 2.4 +/- 0.7 joints (out of 60) (P < 0.001). At end of trial the difference between therapies in swollen joint counts was 1.0 +/- 1.2 joints (P = 0.42). The difference in grip strength improvement was 3.7 +/- 4.3 mm Hg (P = 0.40), and for erythrocyte sedimentation rate it was 3.4 +/- 3.1 mm/hour (P = 0.27). In general, the differences in efficacy between combination and single-drug therapy were clinically marginal. Nine percent more combination therapy-treated @entity0 experienced side effect-related discontinuation of therapy than @entity0 receiving single-drug therapy (P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Combination therapy, as it has been used in recent clinical trials, does not offer a substantial improvement in efficacy, but does have higher @entity1 than single drug therapy. These combination therapy regimens are not recommended for widespread use. Other more aggressive regimens with additional drugs or higher drug doses than have been studied might be more efficacious, but with an even higher rate of @entity1 .

title: The efficacy and @entity1 of combination therapy in XXXX . A meta-analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the in vivo and in vitro expression of @entity4 receptors (SS-R) on synovial membranes of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: The joints of 14 consecutive @entity0 with active @entity2 , 4 @entity0 with severe @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and 30 control @entity0 were studied. The @entity4 analog [111In- @entity6 -D-Phe1]-octreotide was used for in vivo SS-R scintigraphy, and the @entity4 analog @entity5 for in vitro SS-R autoradiography. RESULTS: Seventy-six percent (220 of 290) of the @entity1 and 76% (207 of 274) of the swollen joints of the @entity0 with @entity2 were visualized by SS-R scintigraphy. The degree of @entity1 and swelling correlated well with positive scintigraphy findings in the joints (P < 0.0001). In 2 of the @entity2 @entity0 who underwent scintigraphy, as well as in 4 of 5 other @entity0 , in vitro studies of the synovial membranes showed the presence of specific SS-R. In @entity0 with @entity3 , uptake of radioactivity in the affected joints was significantly lower than that in @entity0 with @entity2 . None of the joints of the control @entity0 demonstrated uptake of radioactivity. CONCLUSION: SS-R are present in the synovial tissue of @entity0 with active @entity2 , as demonstrated by both in vivo and in vitro techniques. The potential value of SS-R scintigraphy in the clinical evaluation of @entity0 with active @entity2 is presently unknown.

title: XXXX receptor imaging. The presence of @entity4 receptors in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the in vivo and in vitro expression of @entity4 receptors (SS-R) on synovial membranes of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: The joints of 14 consecutive @entity0 with active @entity2 , 4 @entity0 with severe @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and 30 control @entity0 were studied. The @entity4 analog [111In- @entity6 -D-Phe1]-octreotide was used for in vivo SS-R scintigraphy, and the @entity4 analog @entity5 for in vitro SS-R autoradiography. RESULTS: Seventy-six percent (220 of 290) of the @entity1 and 76% (207 of 274) of the swollen joints of the @entity0 with @entity2 were visualized by SS-R scintigraphy. The degree of @entity1 and swelling correlated well with positive scintigraphy findings in the joints (P < 0.0001). In 2 of the @entity2 @entity0 who underwent scintigraphy, as well as in 4 of 5 other @entity0 , in vitro studies of the synovial membranes showed the presence of specific SS-R. In @entity0 with @entity3 , uptake of radioactivity in the affected joints was significantly lower than that in @entity0 with @entity2 . None of the joints of the control @entity0 demonstrated uptake of radioactivity. CONCLUSION: SS-R are present in the synovial tissue of @entity0 with active @entity2 , as demonstrated by both in vivo and in vitro techniques. The potential value of SS-R scintigraphy in the clinical evaluation of @entity0 with active @entity2 is presently unknown.

title: @entity4 receptor imaging. The presence of XXXX receptors in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the in vivo and in vitro expression of @entity4 receptors (SS-R) on synovial membranes of @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). METHODS: The joints of 14 consecutive @entity0 with active @entity2 , 4 @entity0 with severe @entity3 ( @entity3 ), and 30 control @entity0 were studied. The @entity4 analog [111In- @entity6 -D-Phe1]-octreotide was used for in vivo SS-R scintigraphy, and the @entity4 analog @entity5 for in vitro SS-R autoradiography. RESULTS: Seventy-six percent (220 of 290) of the @entity1 and 76% (207 of 274) of the swollen joints of the @entity0 with @entity2 were visualized by SS-R scintigraphy. The degree of @entity1 and swelling correlated well with positive scintigraphy findings in the joints (P < 0.0001). In 2 of the @entity2 @entity0 who underwent scintigraphy, as well as in 4 of 5 other @entity0 , in vitro studies of the synovial membranes showed the presence of specific SS-R. In @entity0 with @entity3 , uptake of radioactivity in the affected joints was significantly lower than that in @entity0 with @entity2 . None of the joints of the control @entity0 demonstrated uptake of radioactivity. CONCLUSION: SS-R are present in the synovial tissue of @entity0 with active @entity2 , as demonstrated by both in vivo and in vitro techniques. The potential value of SS-R scintigraphy in the clinical evaluation of @entity0 with active @entity2 is presently unknown.

title: @entity4 receptor imaging. The presence of @entity4 receptors in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: It has been suggested that carotid endarterectomy for carotid bifurcation disease may be contraindicated in the presence of carotid siphon lesions. This study was undertaken to assess any difference in @entity1 rate, mortality, or relief of symptoms in @entity0 with and without such "tandem" lesions following elective carotid endarterectomy. Ninety-one bifurcation endarterectomies were performed in 79 @entity0 . The @entity0 were divided into two groups. Group I (44 @entity0 , 47 endarterectomies) had carotid bifurcation @entity3 only; group I (35 @entity0 , 44 endarterectomies) had siphon @entity3 plus bifurcation @entity3 . All @entity0 in both groups who were symptomatic before operation were relieved of their symptoms. In group I there were no intraoperative or perioperative @entity1 , four late @entity1 (8.7%), one operate @entity2 (2.1%), and no late deaths. Group II @entity0 had two intraoperative @entity1 (4.5%), three perioperative @entity1 (6.8%), two late @entity1 (5.1%), four operative deaths (9.1%), and three late deaths (7.5%). Eighteen of the 35 @entity0 in group II had a greater degree of carotid siphon @entity3 than bifurcation @entity3 . In this subgroup, there was one operative @entity1 (5.6%), only perioperative @entity1 (5.6%), one late @entity1 (5.9%), one @entity2 (5.6%), and one late @entity2 (5.6%). None of these differences were statistically significant. Relief of symptoms was the same in @entity0 with and without tandem carotid lesions, and there was no significantly increased risk of @entity1 or @entity2 following bifurcation endarterectomy in @entity0 with tandem carotid lesions.

title: The effect of carotid siphon XXXX on @entity1 rate, @entity2 , and relief of symptoms following elective carotid endarterectomy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: It has been suggested that carotid endarterectomy for carotid bifurcation disease may be contraindicated in the presence of carotid siphon lesions. This study was undertaken to assess any difference in @entity1 rate, mortality, or relief of symptoms in @entity0 with and without such "tandem" lesions following elective carotid endarterectomy. Ninety-one bifurcation endarterectomies were performed in 79 @entity0 . The @entity0 were divided into two groups. Group I (44 @entity0 , 47 endarterectomies) had carotid bifurcation @entity3 only; group I (35 @entity0 , 44 endarterectomies) had siphon @entity3 plus bifurcation @entity3 . All @entity0 in both groups who were symptomatic before operation were relieved of their symptoms. In group I there were no intraoperative or perioperative @entity1 , four late @entity1 (8.7%), one operate @entity2 (2.1%), and no late deaths. Group II @entity0 had two intraoperative @entity1 (4.5%), three perioperative @entity1 (6.8%), two late @entity1 (5.1%), four operative deaths (9.1%), and three late deaths (7.5%). Eighteen of the 35 @entity0 in group II had a greater degree of carotid siphon @entity3 than bifurcation @entity3 . In this subgroup, there was one operative @entity1 (5.6%), only perioperative @entity1 (5.6%), one late @entity1 (5.9%), one @entity2 (5.6%), and one late @entity2 (5.6%). None of these differences were statistically significant. Relief of symptoms was the same in @entity0 with and without tandem carotid lesions, and there was no significantly increased risk of @entity1 or @entity2 following bifurcation endarterectomy in @entity0 with tandem carotid lesions.

title: The effect of carotid siphon @entity3 on @entity1 rate, XXXX , and relief of symptoms following elective carotid endarterectomy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: It has been suggested that carotid endarterectomy for carotid bifurcation disease may be contraindicated in the presence of carotid siphon lesions. This study was undertaken to assess any difference in @entity1 rate, mortality, or relief of symptoms in @entity0 with and without such "tandem" lesions following elective carotid endarterectomy. Ninety-one bifurcation endarterectomies were performed in 79 @entity0 . The @entity0 were divided into two groups. Group I (44 @entity0 , 47 endarterectomies) had carotid bifurcation @entity3 only; group I (35 @entity0 , 44 endarterectomies) had siphon @entity3 plus bifurcation @entity3 . All @entity0 in both groups who were symptomatic before operation were relieved of their symptoms. In group I there were no intraoperative or perioperative @entity1 , four late @entity1 (8.7%), one operate @entity2 (2.1%), and no late deaths. Group II @entity0 had two intraoperative @entity1 (4.5%), three perioperative @entity1 (6.8%), two late @entity1 (5.1%), four operative deaths (9.1%), and three late deaths (7.5%). Eighteen of the 35 @entity0 in group II had a greater degree of carotid siphon @entity3 than bifurcation @entity3 . In this subgroup, there was one operative @entity1 (5.6%), only perioperative @entity1 (5.6%), one late @entity1 (5.9%), one @entity2 (5.6%), and one late @entity2 (5.6%). None of these differences were statistically significant. Relief of symptoms was the same in @entity0 with and without tandem carotid lesions, and there was no significantly increased risk of @entity1 or @entity2 following bifurcation endarterectomy in @entity0 with tandem carotid lesions.

title: The effect of carotid siphon @entity3 on XXXX rate, @entity2 , and relief of symptoms following elective carotid endarterectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PROBLEM: We determined the maternal-fetal transport of immunoglobulin G (IgG) during the third trimester of @entity0 pregnancy. METHOD: The concentration of IgG and its subclasses (IgG1-4) was determined in sera of blood samples from 38 pregnancies collected at the time of delivery from a peripheral maternal vein (MV) and from the placental umbilical artery (UA) and vein (UV). Gestational age varied between 28 and 42 weeks ( @entity1 ). RESULT: Whereas placental weight showed a significant correlation with gestational age, the maternal level of IgG and the ratio of its subclasses did not vary with gestational age. At 28-33 @entity1 (n = 15) the mean values in the UA (5.91 +/- 1.53 g/l) and UV (6.41 +/- 1.57 g/l) for total IgG concentration were lower than in the MV (10.74 +/- 2.55 g/l). At the end of gestation (37-42 @entity1 , n = 12), IgG in both UA (11.21 +/- 1.95 g/l) and UV (12.26 +/- 2.06 g/l) exceeded the maternal concentration (9.69 +/- 1.84 g/l). In addition to the significant positive correlation between IgG concentration in the fetal circulation (UV + UA) and gestational age (28-42 @entity1 ), an increase in the positive difference between UV and UA at the end of pregnancy indicates that there is a substantial rise in placental IgG transport capacity. CONCLUSION: All four subclasses IgG1-4 were detectable in the umbilical circulation (28-42 @entity1 ). Whereas @entity2 and IgG4 in UA and UV had a similar concentration as in MV and remained unchanged, IgG2 increased with gestation from 0.67/0.74 g/l (UA/UV, 28-33 @entity1 ) to 1.29/1.58 g/l (UA/UV, 37-42 @entity1 ), but nevertheless remained lower than the level found in the MV (2.65 +/- 1.12 g/l). The main increase in IgG concentration, however, was due to the substantial rise in the transport of IgG1, which increased from 4.37 +/- 1.24 (UA) and 4.94 +/- 1.52 g/l (UV) at 28-33 @entity1 to 8.94 +/- 1.66 (UA) and 10.89 +/- 1.96 g/l (UV) at the end of gestation, which was even higher than the overall IgG concentration in MV.

title: Maternal-fetal transport of immunoglobulin G and its subclasses during the third trimester of XXXX pregnancy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between @entity3 and spinal alignment by comparing @entity0 with adult @entity1 versus the control cohort. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The effect of degeneration on cervical alignment has been controversial. METHODS: Cervical and full-length spine radiographs of 57 @entity0 with adult @entity1 and 78 @entity0 in the control group were reviewed. Adult @entity1 was classified into 3 types based on the primary characteristics of the deformity: " @entity2 " group, "Positive sagittal imbalance" group, and " @entity4 " group. @entity3 was assessed using the @entity3 index scoring system. RESULTS: The " @entity2 " group had significantly higher total @entity3 index score (25  7) than the control group (16  8), the "Positive sagittal imbalance" group (18  8), and the " @entity4 " group (12  7) (P<0.01). The " @entity2 " group had significantly less cervical @entity5 than the other groups. This reduced amount of cervical @entity5 was thought to be induced by a compensatory decrease in @entity4 . In this group, @entity3 was significantly associated with a decrease in cervical @entity5 . Significantly greater compensatory increase in cervical @entity5 was noted in the "Positive sagittal imbalance" group (20  15 degrees) and the " @entity4 " group (26  9 degrees) compared with the control group (11  12 degrees) (P<0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Flat cervical spine coexisted with @entity3 when @entity4 was induced by @entity2 . In other situations, cervical @entity5 could increase as a compensatory reaction against sagittal imbalance or hyperthoracic @entity4 .

title: The Relationship Between Cervical Degeneration and Global Spinal Alignment in @entity0 With Adult XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationship between @entity3 and spinal alignment by comparing @entity0 with adult @entity1 versus the control cohort. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: The effect of degeneration on cervical alignment has been controversial. METHODS: Cervical and full-length spine radiographs of 57 @entity0 with adult @entity1 and 78 @entity0 in the control group were reviewed. Adult @entity1 was classified into 3 types based on the primary characteristics of the deformity: " @entity2 " group, "Positive sagittal imbalance" group, and " @entity4 " group. @entity3 was assessed using the @entity3 index scoring system. RESULTS: The " @entity2 " group had significantly higher total @entity3 index score (25  7) than the control group (16  8), the "Positive sagittal imbalance" group (18  8), and the " @entity4 " group (12  7) (P<0.01). The " @entity2 " group had significantly less cervical @entity5 than the other groups. This reduced amount of cervical @entity5 was thought to be induced by a compensatory decrease in @entity4 . In this group, @entity3 was significantly associated with a decrease in cervical @entity5 . Significantly greater compensatory increase in cervical @entity5 was noted in the "Positive sagittal imbalance" group (20  15 degrees) and the " @entity4 " group (26  9 degrees) compared with the control group (11  12 degrees) (P<0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Flat cervical spine coexisted with @entity3 when @entity4 was induced by @entity2 . In other situations, cervical @entity5 could increase as a compensatory reaction against sagittal imbalance or hyperthoracic @entity4 .

title: The Relationship Between Cervical Degeneration and Global Spinal Alignment in XXXX With Adult @entity1 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity0 is the most common @entity2 among @entity1 globally, and the number of young @entity1 diagnosed with this disease is gradually increasing over the years. Mammography is the current gold-standard technique although it is known to be less sensitive in detecting @entity2 in @entity1 with dense breast tissue. Detecting an early-stage @entity2 in young @entity1 is very crucial for better survival chance and treatment. The thermography technique has the capability to provide an additional functional information on physiological changes to mammography by describing thermal and vascular properties of the tissues. Studies on breast thermography have been carried out to improve the accuracy level of the thermography technique in various perspectives. However, the limitation of gathering @entity1 affected by @entity2 in different age groups had necessitated this comprehensive study which is aimed to investigate the effect of different density levels on the surface temperature distribution profile of the breast models. These models, namely extremely dense (ED), @entity3 ( @entity3 ), scattered fibroglandular (SF), and predominantly fatty (PF), with @entity2 were developed using the finite element method. A conventional Pennes' bioheat model was used to perform the numerical simulation on different case studies, and the results obtained were then compared using a hypothesis statistical analysis method to the reference breast model developed previously. The results obtained show that ED, SF, and PF breast models had significant mean differences in surface temperature profile with a p value <0.025, while @entity3 breast model data pair agreed with the null hypothesis formulated due to the comparable tissue composition percentage to the reference model. The findings suggested that various breast density levels should be considered as a contributing factor to the surface thermal distribution profile alteration in both @entity0 detection and analysis when using the thermography technique.

title: Thermal distribution analysis of three-dimensional XXXX -embedded breast models with different breast density compositions.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Hepatic resection is prone to significant @entity1 . Adverse effects of @entity1 and transfusion mandate improvements in surgical techniques to reduce @entity1 and transfusion requirements. METHODS: One hundred hepatic resections were carried out using a standard surgical technique that includes control of the hilar structures, extrahepatic control of the hepatic veins, and use of the Pringle maneuver. Low central venous pressure and Trendelenburg positioning were used during parenchymal transection. Data were collected retrospectively in the first 36 @entity0 , whereas data were collected prospectively in the remaining 64 @entity0 . RESULTS: Hospital mortality was 3%. Median @entity1 was 450, 700, 1000, 1100, and 1500 mL for segmental, nonanatomic, lobar, extended right, and extended left resections, respectively. Major resections were more likely than minor resections to be transfused with albumin (P = .008), fresh frozen plasma (P = .009), and packed red blood cells or whole blood (P = .04). Overall transfusion of packed red blood cells or whole blood occurred in 59 of 100 @entity0 . In the 64 @entity0 who were followed up prospectively, the predeposit of autologous blood decreased the need for homologous transfusions from 56% to 38%. A further reduction in the transfusion rate of 25% could have been possible if all @entity0 in the prospective group had donated 2 U of autologous blood. @entity0 who predeposited blood were more likely to receive transfusions and to have had a transfusion more than 24 hours after surgery than were @entity0 who did not donate blood. CONCLUSIONS: The surgical techniques used results in acceptable @entity1 and transfusion requirements for hepatic resection. This approach is safe, cost-effective, reproducible, and applicable for widespread use.

title: One hundred consecutive hepatic resections. XXXX , transfusion, and operative technique.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The composition and structure of adaptive intimal thickening and of @entity4 that can develop in @entity0 coronary arteries is described. Adaptive thickening occurs in defined locations from birth and represents a self-limited response of the intima to hemodynamic forces present within specific locations. Adaptive thickening does not indicate or presage an @entity4 . However, some of the identical intima locations (progression-prone locations) accumulate more lipoprotein in @entity0 exposed to risk factors of @entity4 and are first to develop @entity6 if such lesions develop at all. @entity4 can be resolved into eight (I- @entity5 ) lesion types, each characteristic by its cells, matrix, architecture, or other specific features. The numerals I-VI represent the usual sequence in which lesions develop and progress from the initial accumulations of lipoproteins and macrophages to @entity7 and @entity7 stages which are susceptible to @entity3 and @entity1 clinical episodes. The numerals VII and @entity5 represent morphological variants that may follow or precede Type VI. Types I-IV are the lesions most frequent in the first four decades of life. Type III is a lesion we identified in adolescents and young adults as morphologically intermediate between the small lesions of @entity0 (I and II) and the potentially symptom-producing Type IV lesion. Identification of Type III provides evidence that small lesions of @entity0 can develop into clinical ones. Because we know the age at which @entity2 are present in our population, we also known the age when progression to @entity6 generally begins and when preventive measures should already be in place.

title: Changes in components and structure of XXXX developing from childhood to middle age in coronary arteries.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Peritoneal glial implants are found in childhood, adolescence as well as in young @entity0 and are the result of a ruptured capsule of mature or immature @entity2 . The implants of glia nodules have a distinct gross feature and are localized mostly in the parietal and visceral peritoneum, in the omentum and in the space of Douglas. According to the review by Robboy and Scully (1970), seventeen other cases have been reported. CASE REPORT: A ten year old @entity0 was operated on for a @entity3 of the right ovary. After an interval of 12-13 years, two laparotomies were performed because of recurring @entity5 , adhesions of the abdomen and the formation of @entity1 -shaped resistances. Biopsies from both operations taken from the peritoneum, omentum and space of Douglas yielded disseminated @entity9 and @entity4 . The uniqueness of this case lies in the length of the interval of 12 years after the operation, the size of the @entity1 in the pelvis as well as its regressive changes. X-ray examination of this tissue revealed @entity7 . A partially infiltrative growth of the glial mass into fat tissue was determined despite the low grading of the implant. The size of the @entity1 -like infiltration can be understood as a result of growth and confluence of several nodes. As an expression of a local defense reaction, there was found at one location on the circumference of a glial node an intense lymphofollicular infiltration. The combination of @entity9 and @entity4 has not been observed up until now. The formation of endometriod glands could be the result of a metaplasia of the subcoelomic mesenchyme. @entity6 can be considered to be implantation metastases of @entity2 with varying degrees of @entity8 .

title: Nodular and tumorlike @entity9 peritonei with XXXX caused by a mature @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Peritoneal glial implants are found in childhood, adolescence as well as in young @entity0 and are the result of a ruptured capsule of mature or immature @entity2 . The implants of glia nodules have a distinct gross feature and are localized mostly in the parietal and visceral peritoneum, in the omentum and in the space of Douglas. According to the review by Robboy and Scully (1970), seventeen other cases have been reported. CASE REPORT: A ten year old @entity0 was operated on for a @entity3 of the right ovary. After an interval of 12-13 years, two laparotomies were performed because of recurring @entity5 , adhesions of the abdomen and the formation of @entity1 -shaped resistances. Biopsies from both operations taken from the peritoneum, omentum and space of Douglas yielded disseminated @entity9 and @entity4 . The uniqueness of this case lies in the length of the interval of 12 years after the operation, the size of the @entity1 in the pelvis as well as its regressive changes. X-ray examination of this tissue revealed @entity7 . A partially infiltrative growth of the glial mass into fat tissue was determined despite the low grading of the implant. The size of the @entity1 -like infiltration can be understood as a result of growth and confluence of several nodes. As an expression of a local defense reaction, there was found at one location on the circumference of a glial node an intense lymphofollicular infiltration. The combination of @entity9 and @entity4 has not been observed up until now. The formation of endometriod glands could be the result of a metaplasia of the subcoelomic mesenchyme. @entity6 can be considered to be implantation metastases of @entity2 with varying degrees of @entity8 .

title: Nodular and tumorlike XXXX peritonei with @entity4 caused by a mature @entity2 .

answer: @entity9


abstract: Peritoneal glial implants are found in childhood, adolescence as well as in young @entity0 and are the result of a ruptured capsule of mature or immature @entity2 . The implants of glia nodules have a distinct gross feature and are localized mostly in the parietal and visceral peritoneum, in the omentum and in the space of Douglas. According to the review by Robboy and Scully (1970), seventeen other cases have been reported. CASE REPORT: A ten year old @entity0 was operated on for a @entity3 of the right ovary. After an interval of 12-13 years, two laparotomies were performed because of recurring @entity5 , adhesions of the abdomen and the formation of @entity1 -shaped resistances. Biopsies from both operations taken from the peritoneum, omentum and space of Douglas yielded disseminated @entity9 and @entity4 . The uniqueness of this case lies in the length of the interval of 12 years after the operation, the size of the @entity1 in the pelvis as well as its regressive changes. X-ray examination of this tissue revealed @entity7 . A partially infiltrative growth of the glial mass into fat tissue was determined despite the low grading of the implant. The size of the @entity1 -like infiltration can be understood as a result of growth and confluence of several nodes. As an expression of a local defense reaction, there was found at one location on the circumference of a glial node an intense lymphofollicular infiltration. The combination of @entity9 and @entity4 has not been observed up until now. The formation of endometriod glands could be the result of a metaplasia of the subcoelomic mesenchyme. @entity6 can be considered to be implantation metastases of @entity2 with varying degrees of @entity8 .

title: Nodular and tumorlike @entity9 peritonei with @entity4 caused by a mature XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Macrophage precursors are present early in embryonic life, being demonstrable in placental and embryonic connective tissues of @entity1 at the neurula stage and as potential macrophages in the brain, liver, and lungs near the onset of organogenesis. We examined the development of macrophages in the heart and the possibility that they initially appear at sites of programmed cell death (apoptosis). METHODS: Precursors were recognized by the binding of peroxidase-coupled Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 (GSA) on the cell membrane. Their capacity for conversion into macrophages was assayed in organ cultures; confirmation of the progeny as bona fide macrophages was obtained from their responses to particle exposure and @entity4 ( @entity4 ). RESULTS: GSA+cells were first seen on gestational day 12 (4 mm embryos) @entity0 cycling, nonvacuolated cells located in cardiac tissue outside the blood vessels. This population increased to approximately 12 cells by day 14 (9 mm embryos). Two-thirds were distributed along the bulbus @entity5 and a more densely cellular connective tissue closer to the aortic arches where apoptotic sites are expected to develop. Such sites were not found in serial @entity3 sections through our 14-day specimens, although in whole heart explants of this age an area of necrosis developed along the prospective line of bulbar endocardial fusion on the second day of organ culturing, and by then macrophages were fairly abundant. Organ culturing of 13-day embryonic hearts also yielded large, highly vacuolated, GSA+mononuclear phagocytes. After a few days in culture most of the macrophages migrated onto the medium where they formed a tight corona of cells about the explants. They readily ingested @entity2 particles and concentrated supravitally administered neutral red in their vacuoles. Macrophages from 14-day cultures exposed to @entity4 developed significantly larger coronas than macrophages from explants grown in serum-rich control medium (p < 0.001). In the presence of cytokines, moreover, these cardiac macrophages survived as many as 100 (92 "postnatal") days. CONCLUSIONS: Macrophage precursors first appear in embryonic @entity1 hearts well before they are needed to clear debris generated by programmed cell death and are capable of rapid conversion into outright phagocytic cells as early as the 13th prenatal day.

title: Early development of macrophages in intact and organ cultured hearts of XXXX embryos.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Pregnancy complicated by @entity1 may lead to significant fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality. We reviewed the clinical course of 30 @entity0 who developed @entity1 in our institution during pregnancy from 1988 to 1992. @entity1 complicated 0.07 per cent of pregnancies (n = 46,075) during this time period. The etiology was @entity3 in 22 @entity0 , alcohol in 2 @entity0 , and idiopathic in 6 @entity0 . Average age, multiparity, and symptoms at presentation were similar between @entity0 with @entity3 (NGSP). All @entity0 were initially treated medically. GSP @entity0 had significantly lower Ranson criteria than NGSP (0.7 vs. 1.9, P < 0.01), but response to initial therapy, need for emergency surgery, fetal outcome, and fetal and maternal mortality (0 per cent) were the same. Twenty-six of 30 @entity0 were successfully treated with conservative management. A significantly higher relapse rate was seen in GSP than NGSP @entity0 before delivery (72% vs. 0%, P < 0.05). These relapses required hospitalization 90 per cent of the time and resulted in 3.9 additional days per @entity0 . Six @entity0 underwent surgery during pregnancy (two in the first trimester and four in the second trimester) without fetal or maternal mortality and with normal birthweights and Apgar scores. No relapses or additional days in hospital were noted in GSP @entity0 following surgery. We recommend that GSP @entity0 presenting in the first or second trimester should, if possible, undergo cholecystectomy in the second trimester when the risk of anesthesia and @entity2 are the lowest. @entity0 presenting in the third trimester should undergo surgery immediately post-partum.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Management of XXXX complicating pregnancy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: At the Surgical Department of the University of Cologne, a system has been developed for transanal endoscopic surgery, which allows all the conventional surgical techniques within the rectal cavity. The clinical and long-term results regarding local excision of broad based @entity7 and small (< 4 cm) @entity3 of the rectum were the subject of the study. The main indication was the removal of sessile @entity7 . Early @entity3 with favourable histological grading (Grade 1 and 2) and staging (Mason I and II) were also suitable for endorectal therapeutical approach. @entity1 can be removed endoscopically in one session, but the authors performed local excisions of these @entity1 only in cases where the @entity0 was unwilling to undergo extensive surgery or due to medical reasons. Nevertheless several @entity3 were removed locally. Most of the histological findings of the subsequent radical operations (rectum resection, rectum extirpation) revealed that the @entity3 had already been totally removed. During the period July 1983 to December 1992, the techniques have been employed on 313 @entity0 in 348 cases. Early @entity5 consisted of intraperitoneal perforations (five cases); rectovaginal fistulae (four cases); @entity6 (four cases), @entity4 due to @entity2 (two cases). All the complications occurred within the first three years of the learning phase. The recurrence rate of @entity7 amounted to 5%. The technique allows accurate endoscopic microsurgical excision of @entity7 and @entity1 with minimal morbidity and excellent presentation of specimens for complete histological analysis. Open invasive surgery can thus be avoided.

title: Minimal invasive surgery in the local treatment of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A constitutively expressed aliphatic amidase from a Rhodococcus sp. catalyzing @entity9 deamination was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated to be 360,000. Upon @entity7 - @entity6 gel electrophoresis, the purified preparation yielded a homogeneous protein band having an apparent molecular weight of about 44,500. The amidase had pH and temperature optima of 8.5 and 40 degrees C, respectively, and its isoelectric point was pH 4.0. The amidase had apparent K(m) values of 1.2, 2.6, 3.0, 2.7, and 5.0 mM for @entity9 , @entity16 , @entity17 , @entity18 , and @entity19 , respectively. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectometry analysis indicated that the enzyme contains 8 mol of @entity0 per mol of the native enzyme. No labile @entity8 was detected. The amidase activity was enhanced by, but not dependent on @entity13 , @entity12 , and @entity11 . However, the enzyme activity was partially inhibited by @entity2 and totally inhibited in the presence of @entity10 , @entity15 , @entity14 , @entity1 , specific @entity0 chelators, and @entity3 blocking reagents. The @entity5 -terminal sequence of the first 18 @entity4 displayed 88% homology to the aliphatic amidase of Brevibacterium sp. strain R312.

title: Purification and characterization of an amidase from an XXXX -degrading Rhodococcus sp.

answer: @entity9


abstract: There is increasing interest in the role of reactive @entity0 radicals in the hepatotoxicity associated with @entity4 consumption. Reactive @entity0 intermediates interact with DNA and can cause single-strand breaks of supercoiled DNA. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the utility of this system as a sensitive assay for the detection of potent oxidants generated by @entity1 liver microsomes isolated from pair-fed control @entity1 and @entity1 treated chronically with @entity4 . DNA strand cleavage was assayed by monitoring the migration of the supercoiled and open circular forms in agarose. Microsomes catalysed DNA strand breakage with either @entity5 or @entity6 as cofactors; @entity2 was required to catalyse the reaction and various ferric complexes were effective in promoting the reaction. DNA strand cleavage was prevented by @entity11 , @entity3 dismutase, @entity7 and @entity8 -radical-scavenging agents, suggesting that a @entity8 -radical-like species was the oxidant responsible for the breakage. This assay system proved to be much more sensitive in detecting @entity8 radicals than are other methods, such as e.s.r. spectroscopy or oxidation of chemical scavenging agents with respect to the amount of microsomal protein and the nature and concentration of the @entity2 catalyst required. Microsomes from @entity4 -treated @entity1 were more reactive than control microsomes in catalysing the DNA strand cleavage with either @entity5 or @entity6 ; increased catalytic activity was observed with various ferric complexes and was sensitive to the above antioxidants. Compared with preimmune IgG, anti-(cytochrome P4502E1) IgG had no effect on DNA strand cleavage by the control microsomes, but completely prevented the @entity5 - and the @entity6 -dependent increased activity found with microsomes from the @entity4 -treated @entity1 . Inhibitors of cytochrome P4502E1, such as @entity10 and @entity9 , also lowered the extent of increase of DNA strand cleavage produced by microsomes from the @entity4 -treated @entity1 . These results indicate that DNA strand cleavage is a very sensitive assay for detecting the production of @entity8 radicals by microsomes and to demonstrate increased activity by microsomes after chronic @entity4 treatment. This increased activity with @entity5 and @entity6 is due, at least in part, to induction of cytochrome P4502E1.

title: DNA strand cleavage as a sensitive assay for the production of XXXX radicals by microsomes: role of cytochrome P4502E1 in the increased activity after @entity4 treatment.

answer: @entity8


abstract: There is increasing interest in the role of reactive @entity0 radicals in the hepatotoxicity associated with @entity4 consumption. Reactive @entity0 intermediates interact with DNA and can cause single-strand breaks of supercoiled DNA. Experiments were carried out to evaluate the utility of this system as a sensitive assay for the detection of potent oxidants generated by @entity1 liver microsomes isolated from pair-fed control @entity1 and @entity1 treated chronically with @entity4 . DNA strand cleavage was assayed by monitoring the migration of the supercoiled and open circular forms in agarose. Microsomes catalysed DNA strand breakage with either @entity5 or @entity6 as cofactors; @entity2 was required to catalyse the reaction and various ferric complexes were effective in promoting the reaction. DNA strand cleavage was prevented by @entity11 , @entity3 dismutase, @entity7 and @entity8 -radical-scavenging agents, suggesting that a @entity8 -radical-like species was the oxidant responsible for the breakage. This assay system proved to be much more sensitive in detecting @entity8 radicals than are other methods, such as e.s.r. spectroscopy or oxidation of chemical scavenging agents with respect to the amount of microsomal protein and the nature and concentration of the @entity2 catalyst required. Microsomes from @entity4 -treated @entity1 were more reactive than control microsomes in catalysing the DNA strand cleavage with either @entity5 or @entity6 ; increased catalytic activity was observed with various ferric complexes and was sensitive to the above antioxidants. Compared with preimmune IgG, anti-(cytochrome P4502E1) IgG had no effect on DNA strand cleavage by the control microsomes, but completely prevented the @entity5 - and the @entity6 -dependent increased activity found with microsomes from the @entity4 -treated @entity1 . Inhibitors of cytochrome P4502E1, such as @entity10 and @entity9 , also lowered the extent of increase of DNA strand cleavage produced by microsomes from the @entity4 -treated @entity1 . These results indicate that DNA strand cleavage is a very sensitive assay for detecting the production of @entity8 radicals by microsomes and to demonstrate increased activity by microsomes after chronic @entity4 treatment. This increased activity with @entity5 and @entity6 is due, at least in part, to induction of cytochrome P4502E1.

title: DNA strand cleavage as a sensitive assay for the production of @entity8 radicals by microsomes: role of cytochrome P4502E1 in the increased activity after XXXX treatment.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Measurements of plasma neurohormones in @entity0 with @entity3 are generally performed for research purpose rather than for diagnostic purpose or to guide therapy. These studies have shown that in @entity0 with @entity3 , several neurohormonal systems were activated, even in the absence of symptoms of @entity1 . This suggested that the cardiovascular system was not in a steady state and pointed out potential culprits for the progression of the disease. It has also been shown that the levels of several of these markers, particularly plasma @entity4 , had an important prognostic value. Another value of neurohormonal studies obviously is the design of new therapeutic approaches aimed at improving symptoms and prognosis. In this respect, important therapeutic successes have been obtained with agents that interfere with the actions of some of these neurohormonal systems, such as with the use of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) inhibitors, particularly captopril and @entity9 , and to a lesser extent, with beta-blockers. It can therefore be expected that, in the future, most @entity0 with severe @entity8 will be treated with an @entity5 inhibitor. Nonetheless, neurohormonal control is not complete with these drugs; powerful vasoconstrictor forces, such as @entity7 , remain activated, and an escape of @entity6 from the control of @entity5 inhibition may exist. Thus, morbidity (e.g., progression towards @entity1 and @entity2 ) and mortality remain high despite treatment with @entity5 inhibitors. In the search for future improvements, the new generation of long-acting @entity10 is worth considering. Their afterload reducing action, coupled with powerful coronary vasodilation, might hypothetically delay the progression of @entity8 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Neurohormones in @entity0 with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Measurements of plasma neurohormones in @entity0 with @entity3 are generally performed for research purpose rather than for diagnostic purpose or to guide therapy. These studies have shown that in @entity0 with @entity3 , several neurohormonal systems were activated, even in the absence of symptoms of @entity1 . This suggested that the cardiovascular system was not in a steady state and pointed out potential culprits for the progression of the disease. It has also been shown that the levels of several of these markers, particularly plasma @entity4 , had an important prognostic value. Another value of neurohormonal studies obviously is the design of new therapeutic approaches aimed at improving symptoms and prognosis. In this respect, important therapeutic successes have been obtained with agents that interfere with the actions of some of these neurohormonal systems, such as with the use of the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) inhibitors, particularly captopril and @entity9 , and to a lesser extent, with beta-blockers. It can therefore be expected that, in the future, most @entity0 with severe @entity8 will be treated with an @entity5 inhibitor. Nonetheless, neurohormonal control is not complete with these drugs; powerful vasoconstrictor forces, such as @entity7 , remain activated, and an escape of @entity6 from the control of @entity5 inhibition may exist. Thus, morbidity (e.g., progression towards @entity1 and @entity2 ) and mortality remain high despite treatment with @entity5 inhibitors. In the search for future improvements, the new generation of long-acting @entity10 is worth considering. Their afterload reducing action, coupled with powerful coronary vasodilation, might hypothetically delay the progression of @entity8 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Neurohormones in XXXX with @entity3 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The @entity2 protooncogene coding for the thyroid hormone (T3) receptor ( @entity2 ) and the viral, mutated v-erbA oncogene were expressed in an immortal @entity0 glial cell line (B3.1) using retroviral vectors. @entity2 expression led to a decrease in cell proliferation in high and low serum conditions, both in the presence and in the absence of T3. In serum-free medium, c-erbA-expressing cells (B3.1 + @entity2 ) were completely arrested, whereas cells expressing v-erbA (B3.1 + v-erbA) showed a higher DNA synthesis rate than normal B3.1 cells. Although proliferation of all three cell types was stimulated by platelet-derived growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, differences were also observed in the response to these agents. B3.1 + @entity2 cells were more sensitive to platelet-derived growth factor than B3.1 and B3.1 + v-erbA cells. In contrast, B3.1 cells responded to basic fibroblast growth factor better than B3.1 + @entity2 or B3.1 + v-erbA cells. Insulin-like growth factor I potentiated the action of platelet-derived growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor. Again, different responses to treatment with insulin-like growth factor I alone were observed; B3.1 + @entity2 cells did not respond to it, whereas B3.1 + v-erbA cells showed a dramatic stimulation by this agent. Interestingly, in the presence of T3, the blockade in B3.1 + @entity2 cell proliferation was accompanied by the down-regulation of the typical astrocytic genes, glial fibrillary acidic protein and vimentin. These hormone effects were not found in v-erbA-expressing cells. In addition, v-erbA inhibited the basal expression of the cyclic @entity1 phosphodiesterase gene, an oligodendrocytic marker.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: c-erbA and v-erbA modulate growth and gene expression of a XXXX glial precursor cell line.

answer: @entity0


abstract: B cells of @entity1 and @entity0 can be divided into distinct subpopulations, differing in distribution and phenotype. It is not known, however, whether B cell subsets respond similarly to signals mediated by cognate interactions with T cells, such as ligation of the B cell class II MHC molecule. @entity1 splenic B cells proliferate in response to a combination of non-mitogenic anti-mu mAb, @entity2 and class II MHC-specific mAbs. In order to assess the response of B cell subpopulations to these signals, B cells were separated on the basis of @entity3 expression. Previous studies have shown that @entity3 expression is useful in distinguishing marginal zone from follicular B cells and peritoneal B1 from B2 B cells. B cells of both subsets responded to the combination of signals, but @entity3 - B cells showed a higher response. Splenic B cells were also purified from several strains of autoimmune @entity1 , of interest because their disease features expansion of @entity3 - B cells and autoantibody production. While normal B cells showed no response to non-mitogenic anti-mu mAb alone, B cells from autoimmune @entity1 showed a marked decrease in proliferation. Addition of @entity2 plus class II-specific mAbs restored increased proliferation. Again, responses were higher in @entity3 - than in @entity3 + B cells. These findings suggest that @entity3 - B cells are especially responsive to signals delivered through class II and the @entity2 receptor. These signals may allow preferential rescue of @entity3 -B cells from antigen-mediated tolerance and result in their hyperexpansion in response to autoreactive T cells.

title: Differential responses to Ig and class II-mediated signals in splenic B cell subsets from normal and autoimmune XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Broiler @entity3 were fed on a control diet based on @entity5 and @entity5 starch or diets containing chitin, or 94, 82 or 76% deacetylated chitin (chitosans) with different viscosities (360, 590 and 620 m Pa.s respectively) at an inclusion level of 30 g/kg. Animals had free access to feed and water for the whole experimental period. On days 10 and 18 of the experiment @entity3 given the control and chitin-containing diets weighed more, had consumed more feed and had lower feed conversion ratios (g feed/g @entity2 ) than chitosan-fed birds. Feeding of chitosan-containing diets generally reduced total plasma @entity0 and high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)- @entity0 concentrations and gave an increased HDL:total @entity0 ratio in comparison with @entity3 given the control and chitin-containing diets. However, no significant reductions in plasma @entity4 concentrations resulting from feeding of the chitosan-containing diets were observed. The reduction in total @entity0 concentration and increased HDL:total @entity0 ratio were probably caused by enhanced reverse @entity0 transport in response to intestinal losses of dietary fats. The suggestion that dietary fat absorption was impeded by the chitosans was strengthened by the observation that ileal fat digestibility was reduced by 26% in comparison with control and chitin-fed animals. In a plasma @entity4 response study on day 21, feeding of 94 and 76%-chitosan-containing diets generally reduced postprandial @entity4 concentrations compared with @entity3 given the chitin-containing diet. Duodenal digestibilities of nutrients amongst @entity3 given the chitin-containing diet were generally lower than those of control and chitosan-fed birds indicating decreased intestinal transit time. The reduced caecal short-chain @entity1 concentrations of @entity3 given chitosan diets compared with the control diet illustrates the antimicrobial nature of chitosan. The fact that the three chitosan-containing diets affected the registered variables similarly indicated that the level of inclusion of chitosans in the diet exceeded the level at which the effect of the different viscosities could be significant.

title: Effect of chitin and chitosan on nutrient digestibility and plasma lipid concentrations in broiler XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity8 is an uncommon @entity1 . Of 223 @entity4 that were treated at our institution from 1970-1991, 14 (6.2%) were @entity6 [9 females (65%) and 5 males (35%)]. The highest incidence was observed in the sixth decade (60.7 yrs). @entity1 size range from 2 to 19 cm in diameter (mean = 8.07 cm); 11 (78.5%) were localized in the right kidney, principally in the superior pole. The @entity1 was incidentally discovered in 8 cases (57%); 1 case presented @entity2 ; 1 had a palpable renal mass; 6 had @entity3 . All the @entity1 were confined to the kidney. Thirteen were Robson stage I and 1 stage II. According to the UICC classification, 12 were @entity7 T3. All @entity1 were N0 M0. @entity0 evaluation included IVP (6), US (12), CT (14) and selective renal arteriography (2). The typical angiographic patterns were not observed in these 2 cases. Concerning the CT findings, in 8 cases (57%) the first diagnosis discarded was that of @entity5 , although there were also signs suggestive of @entity6 . Six cases (43%) showed signs indicating @entity6 as first diagnosis. All @entity0 were submitted to radical nephrectomy, which achieved good results in all cases at 7 months' to 5 years' follow up.

title: [ XXXX : report of 14 cases and review of the literature].

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The authors present their 35-year experience with intra-arterial chemotherapeutic regional perfusion of 1139 @entity0 with @entity4 , using an extracorporeal oxygenated circuit and heart-lung apparatus. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Intra-arterial chemotherapy produces improved responses in many @entity2 . By isolating and sustaining the area with extracorporeal oxygenated circulation, high doses can be delivered to the @entity2 area, limited only by local @entity3 . Drug levels up to 10 times those achieved by systemic administration are obtained. METHODS: Techniques for hyperthermic perfusion were developed for limbs, pelvis, head, neck, and skin of the breast. Melphalan (Burroughs Wellcome, Research Triangle Park, NC) was used in 753 @entity0 . Combinations with melphalan or other drugs were used in remaining cases at temperature of 38 to 40 C for 30 to 60 minutes. RESULTS: Chemotherapy perfusion followed by @entity2 excision or node dissection, was performed where indicated. The cumulative 10-year survival for @entity0 with localized @entity4 was 70%. For @entity0 with local recurrences or satellites within 3 cm, survival was 61%. For those with regionally confined intransit @entity2 , survival was 30%; for those with regional node involvement, 38%; for those with intransit and nodal @entity1 , 16%; for those with distant @entity1 and perfusion--mainly to save functional limbs--survival was 7%. Multiple perfusions were performed in 158 @entity0 with recurrent disease on 366 occasions. @entity0 with indolent regionally confined @entity4 were benefited by prolongation of useful life. CONCLUSIONS: Safe perfusion techniques are available for most anatomic regions. Increased chemotherapeutic doses are delivered to isolated areas limited only by local @entity3 . Adjunct perfusion in poor prognosis stage I cases is useful in reducing local recurrence, and intransit or lymph node @entity1 . Regional perfusion reduces the need for major amputation. Multiple perfusion can be useful in treating recurrent chronic @entity4 .

title: Regional chemotherapy for XXXX . A 35-year experience.

answer: @entity4


abstract: In this study, young females with the @entity2 [fra(X)] full mutation (fM) were assessed using quantitative measures of mutation amplification size (Amp) as well as the ratio of active normal X chromosome to total normal X chromosome (activation ratio- @entity1 ). Neurobehavioral assessments of females with the fM were performed and included specific and general measures of cognitive and behavioral/developmental functioning. To investigate molecular-behavioral associations, Amp and @entity1 were used as independent variables, while cognitive and behavioral scores were used as dependent variables. Significant correlations were observed between both molecular variables (Amp and @entity1 ) and measures of cognitive functioning, with @entity1 showing the most consistent and robust correlations. As @entity1 increased, overall IQ and specific subtest and area scores from the cognitive tests increased. Conversely, as Amp increased, the overall IQ and specific subtest and area cognitive scores decreased. No significant associations were observed between @entity1 or Amp and measures of behavior or development. The molecular-cognitive associations were generally consistent with the cognitive profile previously described in studies comparing females with fra(X) to age-matched controls. Amp and @entity1 were not associated with one another, nor were they associated with the same cluster of cognitive measures. Though this report does not conclusively show that @entity1 and Amp can be used to clinically assess the risk of a female with the fM for @entity0 , the evidence presented does suggest that these molecular variables, especially @entity1 , reflect important underlying genetic factors contributing to the fra(X) phenotype.

title: Molecular-neurobehavioral associations in females with the XXXX full mutation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Between January 1985 and June 1992, 263 consecutive @entity0 had mitral valve reconstruction (133 @entity0 ) or replacement (130 @entity0 ) for @entity4 . The two groups were similar in sex, age, prior @entity10 or cardiac operations, @entity2 , @entity8 , and functional class. Both groups were similar in mean ejection fraction, pulmonary artery pressure, cardiac index, and incidence of @entity6 . More reconstruction than replacement @entity0 had @entity1 etiology (22 [16%] versus 12 [9%]; p = not significant), and fewer reconstruction @entity0 had @entity11 (9 [7%] versus 39 [30%]; p < 0.01). More reconstruction than replacement @entity0 had concomitant cardiac procedures (67 [50%] versus 59 [45%]; p = not significant). @entity3 occurred in 4 reconstruction @entity0 (3%) and 15 (12%) replacement @entity0 (p < 0.01). Median postoperative stay was shorter in reconstruction @entity0 (10 versus 12 days; p = 0.02). Late valve-related @entity3 occurred in 3 reconstruction @entity0 (2%) and 8 (6%) replacement @entity0 (p = 0.08). Six-year actuarial freedom from @entity9 was 92% for the reconstruction group and 85% for the replacement group (p = 0.12). Freedom from all valve-related morbidity and mortality was 85% for the reconstruction @entity0 and 73% for the replacement @entity0 (p = 0.03). Significant multivariate predictors of @entity3 were age, mitral valve replacement, functional class, @entity7 , no posterior @entity5 , and nonelective operation. Mitral valve reconstruction, when technically feasible, is the procedure of choice for @entity4 because of significantly lower hospital mortality and late valve-related events.

title: Mitral valve reconstruction versus replacement for XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the nosological and phenomenological overlap and boundaries between @entity4 and @entity5 , we compared the symptoms, disability, comorbidity, and medical care of primary care @entity0 with each diagnosis. METHODS: @entity0 with DSM-III-R @entity4 were recruited by screening consecutive primary care clinic attenders and then administering a structured diagnostic interview for @entity4 . @entity0 also completed self-report questionnaires, and their primary care physicians completed questionnaires about them. They were then compared with @entity0 with DSM-III-R @entity5 from the same setting who had been studied previously. RESULTS: One thousand six hundred thirty-four @entity0 were screened; 135 (71.0% of the 190 eligible @entity0 ) completed the research battery; 100 met lifetime @entity4 criteria. Twenty-five of these had comorbid @entity5 . Those without comorbid @entity5 (n = 75) were then compared with @entity0 with @entity5 without comorbid @entity4 (n = 51). @entity0 with @entity4 were less hypochondriacal (P < .001), somatized less (P < .05), were less disabled (P < .001), were more satisfied with their medical care (P < .001), and were rated by their physicians as less help rejecting (P < .05) and less demanding (P < .01). @entity2 was more prevalent in the group with @entity4 (66.7% vs 45.1%; P < .05), as were @entity3 (76.0% vs 37.3%; P < .001), but somatization disorder symptoms (P < .0001) and generalized @entity1 were less prevalent (74.5% vs 16.0%; P < .001) in @entity4 than was @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: While @entity5 and @entity4 co-occur to some extent in a primary care population, the overlap is by no means complete. These @entity0 are phenomenologically and functionally differentiable and distinct and are viewed differently by their primary care physicians.

title: @entity5 and XXXX . Boundary and overlap.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: To determine the nosological and phenomenological overlap and boundaries between @entity4 and @entity5 , we compared the symptoms, disability, comorbidity, and medical care of primary care @entity0 with each diagnosis. METHODS: @entity0 with DSM-III-R @entity4 were recruited by screening consecutive primary care clinic attenders and then administering a structured diagnostic interview for @entity4 . @entity0 also completed self-report questionnaires, and their primary care physicians completed questionnaires about them. They were then compared with @entity0 with DSM-III-R @entity5 from the same setting who had been studied previously. RESULTS: One thousand six hundred thirty-four @entity0 were screened; 135 (71.0% of the 190 eligible @entity0 ) completed the research battery; 100 met lifetime @entity4 criteria. Twenty-five of these had comorbid @entity5 . Those without comorbid @entity5 (n = 75) were then compared with @entity0 with @entity5 without comorbid @entity4 (n = 51). @entity0 with @entity4 were less hypochondriacal (P < .001), somatized less (P < .05), were less disabled (P < .001), were more satisfied with their medical care (P < .001), and were rated by their physicians as less help rejecting (P < .05) and less demanding (P < .01). @entity2 was more prevalent in the group with @entity4 (66.7% vs 45.1%; P < .05), as were @entity3 (76.0% vs 37.3%; P < .001), but somatization disorder symptoms (P < .0001) and generalized @entity1 were less prevalent (74.5% vs 16.0%; P < .001) in @entity4 than was @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: While @entity5 and @entity4 co-occur to some extent in a primary care population, the overlap is by no means complete. These @entity0 are phenomenologically and functionally differentiable and distinct and are viewed differently by their primary care physicians.

title: XXXX and @entity4 . Boundary and overlap.

answer: @entity5


abstract: 1. Hepatic @entity3 palmitoyltransferase activity was measured over a range of concentrations of @entity4 and in the presence of several concentrations of the inhibitor @entity2 . These measurements were made in mitochondria obtained from the livers of fed and starved (24 h) virgin female and fed and starved pregnant @entity0 . 2. In the fed state overt @entity3 palmitoyltransferase activity was significantly lower in virgin females than in age-matched male @entity0 . 3. Starvation increased overt @entity3 palmitoyltransferase activity in both virgin and pregnant females. This increase was larger than in the male and was greater in pregnant than in virgin females. 4. In the fed state pregnancy had no effect on the Hill coefficient or the [S]0.5 when @entity4 was varied as substrate. Pregnancy did not alter the sensitivity of the enzyme to inhibition by @entity2 . 5. Starvation decreased the sensitivity of the enzyme to @entity2 . The change in sensitivity was similar in male, virgin female and pregnant @entity0 . 6. The possible relevance of these findings to known sex differences and changes with pregnancy in hepatic @entity1 oxidation and esterification are discussed.

title: Response to starvation of hepatic @entity3 palmitoyltransferase activity and its regulation by XXXX . Sex differences and effects of pregnancy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: 1. Hepatic @entity3 palmitoyltransferase activity was measured over a range of concentrations of @entity4 and in the presence of several concentrations of the inhibitor @entity2 . These measurements were made in mitochondria obtained from the livers of fed and starved (24 h) virgin female and fed and starved pregnant @entity0 . 2. In the fed state overt @entity3 palmitoyltransferase activity was significantly lower in virgin females than in age-matched male @entity0 . 3. Starvation increased overt @entity3 palmitoyltransferase activity in both virgin and pregnant females. This increase was larger than in the male and was greater in pregnant than in virgin females. 4. In the fed state pregnancy had no effect on the Hill coefficient or the [S]0.5 when @entity4 was varied as substrate. Pregnancy did not alter the sensitivity of the enzyme to inhibition by @entity2 . 5. Starvation decreased the sensitivity of the enzyme to @entity2 . The change in sensitivity was similar in male, virgin female and pregnant @entity0 . 6. The possible relevance of these findings to known sex differences and changes with pregnancy in hepatic @entity1 oxidation and esterification are discussed.

title: Response to starvation of hepatic XXXX palmitoyltransferase activity and its regulation by @entity2 . Sex differences and effects of pregnancy.

answer: @entity3


abstract: The effects of @entity5 on @entity1 @entity2 are unclear and probably diverse. To establish an in vivo model of @entity5 , the authors assess changes in extracellular brain pH (pHe), CBF and @entity3 induced by hypercarbic ventilation, and discuss the reliability and short comings of this experimental model. @entity5 was induced by increasing the inspired @entity4 concentration in mechanically ventilated @entity0 . pHe was measured with a pH-sensitive electrode implanted into the cortical mantle. The @entity0 were divided into five groups according to the @entity4 concentrations inspired: G-1, 0% control; G-2, -5-% @entity4 ; G-3, -10-% @entity4 ; G-4, -20-% @entity4 ; G-5, -25-% @entity4 . Cortical blood flow was measured using a laser Doppler flowmeter, and @entity3 was also determined in each of the experimental groups. pHe decreased rapidly after the @entity4 supply was turned on and remained almost constant at fixed concentrations of inspired @entity4 . pHe values diminished as the concentration of inspired @entity4 decreased, as follows: G-2, -0.10 +/- 0.03; G-3, -0.31 +/- 0.08; G-4, -0.49 +/- 0.09; G-5, -0.64 +/- 0.10. The changes in pHe almost perfectly paralleled the changes in blood pH. The percentage increase in CBF was more than 200% in the G-2 groups and minimal increases in CBF, probably due to changes in blood pressure, were observed in from G-2 to G-5. Changes in CBF paralleled changes in systemic blood pressure, especially after the @entity4 supply was turned off. @entity3 also rose after increasing the @entity4 supply, and the pattern of changes was similar to that of CBF.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: [Changes in cerebral extracellular pH, cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure induced by hypercarbic ventilation--assessment as a potential in vivo model of XXXX ].

answer: @entity5


abstract: We used echocardiography to determine the prevalence of @entity3 in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 without cardiac systems and compared our results to those obtained in a control group of age-matched subjects. Thirty-six @entity0 with @entity2 (6 @entity0 , 30 @entity0 ; mean age 51 +/- 11 years) were selected from a @entity0 population in treatment at our outpatient Rheumatology Clinic. None of the @entity0 had any symptoms of @entity1 , and all @entity0 with signs and/or systems of extracardiac disease were excluded from the study. The control group consisted of 60 volunteers (mean age 51 +/- 12 years) randomly selected from a larger group of subjects with neither symptoms, signs and/or clinical findings of extracardiac disease nor symptoms of @entity1 . Standard two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography was carried out on all subjects. In the @entity2 @entity0 , we found a high prevalence of @entity3 , especially minimal @entity3 . There was no statistically significant difference among subgroups of @entity2 @entity0 based on stage and duration of disease respectively. There was no correlation between @entity3 and inflammatory indexes or drug therapy. The minimal @entity3 found in our @entity0 could be caused by the extra-articular inflammatory process and might be one aspect of a more complex picture characterized by silent cardiac involvement. The potential for symptomless pericardial alterations documented in our @entity0 indicates that careful cardiac evaluation should be given high priority in the assessment and management of subjects with @entity2 .

title: [Prevalence of @entity3 in subjects with XXXX : an echocardiographic study].

answer: @entity2


abstract: We used echocardiography to determine the prevalence of @entity3 in @entity2 ( @entity2 ) @entity0 without cardiac systems and compared our results to those obtained in a control group of age-matched subjects. Thirty-six @entity0 with @entity2 (6 @entity0 , 30 @entity0 ; mean age 51 +/- 11 years) were selected from a @entity0 population in treatment at our outpatient Rheumatology Clinic. None of the @entity0 had any symptoms of @entity1 , and all @entity0 with signs and/or systems of extracardiac disease were excluded from the study. The control group consisted of 60 volunteers (mean age 51 +/- 12 years) randomly selected from a larger group of subjects with neither symptoms, signs and/or clinical findings of extracardiac disease nor symptoms of @entity1 . Standard two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography was carried out on all subjects. In the @entity2 @entity0 , we found a high prevalence of @entity3 , especially minimal @entity3 . There was no statistically significant difference among subgroups of @entity2 @entity0 based on stage and duration of disease respectively. There was no correlation between @entity3 and inflammatory indexes or drug therapy. The minimal @entity3 found in our @entity0 could be caused by the extra-articular inflammatory process and might be one aspect of a more complex picture characterized by silent cardiac involvement. The potential for symptomless pericardial alterations documented in our @entity0 indicates that careful cardiac evaluation should be given high priority in the assessment and management of subjects with @entity2 .

title: [Prevalence of XXXX in subjects with @entity2 : an echocardiographic study].

answer: @entity3


abstract: The immunological changes occurring after primary and challenge infections with Strongyloides ratti in C57B1/6 @entity0 are described. Serum IgM and IgG antibodies against Strongyloides antigen appeared one week after @entity2 . The levels of antibody in both immunoglobulin classes increased markedly after secondary infection and persisted for at least 6 weeks. Immediate @entity1 (15 min footpad) reactions were transient after a @entity2 , but were marked and persistent after a secondary infection. Arthus (5 h footpad) reactions were mild and very transient after a @entity2 , but a persistent anamnestic response was seen after challenge infection. Cell-mediated immune (24 h footpad) reactions were marked 1 week after both primary and secondary infections but were not sustained in either case. Antigen-reactive cells were present in the mesenteric lymph nodes 1 week after @entity2 and 1-4 weeks after challenge infection. No antigen-reactive cells were noted in the spleen. Mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells and spleen cells from infected or uninfected animals were stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) but did not differ significantly in their @entity3 incorporation. A transient @entity4 was observed after @entity2 and an anamnestic response was noted after challenge infection. The possible roles of these immunological responses to worm rejection and immunopathology are considered.

title: Humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in XXXX strongyloidiasis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The contractile function of the myocardium is coordinated by a fibrous matrix of exquisite organization and complexity. In the normal heart, and apparently in physiological @entity5 , this matrix is submicroscopic. In pathological states changes are frequent, and usually progressive. Thickening of the many elements of the fine structure is due to an increased synthesis of Type I collagen, This change, which affects the myocardium in a global manner, can be observed by light microscopy using special techniques. Perivascular @entity1 , with an increase in vascular smooth muscle, is accompanied by development of fibrous septa, with a decrease in diastolic compliance. These structural changes are believed to be due to increased activation of the renin-angiotensin- @entity7 system, and to be independent of the processes of myocyte @entity5 . Reparative or replacement @entity1 is a separate process by means of which small and large areas of @entity0 heal, with the development of coarse collagen structures, which lack a specific organizational pattern. Regarding @entity4 , an increase in tissue collagenase is found in experimental myocardial "stunning" and in the very early phase of acute @entity6 . Absence of elements of the fibrous matrix allow for myocyte slippage, and--if the affected area is large--cardiac dilatation. If, subsequently, the @entity0 becomes transmural, there is further disturbance of collagen due to both mechanical strain and continued autolysis, During healing collagen synthesis increases greatly to allow for reparative scarring in the available tissue matrix. In cases of @entity6 with moderate or severe @entity2 , pathological @entity5 of the spared myocardium is progressive, accounting for late @entity3 and poor survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Left ventricular dysfunction in XXXX : fundamental importance of the fibrous matrix.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The effects of seven local anesthetics, @entity9 , @entity3 , @entity12 , @entity11 , @entity6 , @entity8 , and @entity7 , on the central nervous system (CNS) electrical activities were studied in five @entity2 with each agent. METHODS: Brain electrodes were implanted chronically in the cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, and midbrain reticular formation. The cortical, amygdala, and hippocampus electroencephalograms (EEGs), reticular multiunit activity (R-MUA), and heart rate were recorded. Drugs were administered intravenously with constant rates of equipotent doses until EEG @entity1 appeared. Effects of @entity5 , 1 mg.kg-1.min-1, were studied for comparison. The rates of infusion were: @entity9 , 1 mg.kg-1.min-1; @entity8 , 4 mg.kg-1.min-1; @entity3 and @entity7 , 0.25 mg.kg-1.min-1; @entity12 , 0.5 mg.kg-1.min-1; @entity11 , 0.15 mg.kg-1.min-1; and @entity6 , 3 mg.kg-1.min-1. The effects of 10-15 times higher rates of infusion were also studied in two @entity2 with each drug. RESULTS: During the slow rates of infusion, a tetraphasic sequence of changes, common to all agents, was observed: the initial stage represented by diffuse EEG slowing and a suppression of the R-MUA; the second stage by low voltage fast wave EEG and an activation of the R-MUA; the third stage by reappearance of slow wave EEG and a suppression of the R-MUA; and the fourth stage by an epileptiform EEG and an activation of the R-MUA. These changes in EEG were not typical in some @entity2 administered @entity8 , @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity11 . During the high rates of infusion, suppressive stages in the R-MUA were less dominant and activations dominated. High rates of infusion of @entity9 produced sudden @entity0 activities in EEG. @entity7 , @entity8 , @entity12 , and @entity3 in the high rates of infusion produced slow waves for a short period, prior to @entity1 activities in the EEG. @entity11 or @entity6 in high rates of infusion could not produce @entity1 activities in the EEG, but slow waves and isoelectrical EEG, which were accompanied with @entity10 followed by @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: All local anesthetics have similar tetraphasic CNS actions and whether the expression of CNS intoxication with subconvulsive doses is excitation or suppression may possibly be dependent on the brain drug level and its rate of increase.

title: Tetraphasic actions of local anesthetics on central nervous system electrical activities in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The results of our previous studies suggested that @entity2 ( @entity2 ) might be contributory to the impaired uteroplacental blood flow seen in @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro influence of @entity3 on @entity2 -induced contraction of myometrial resistance arteries from pregnant @entity0 , as these vessels are partly responsible for the regulation of uteroplacental blood flow in @entity1 . Small myometrial arteries were dissected from myometrium obtained from 20 normotensive term pregnant @entity0 undergoing elective cesarean section and mounted in a tissue chamber. Tension was recorded isometrically. When @entity2 (10(-8) mol/L)-contracted vessels were exposed to increasing concentrations (10(-6), 10(-5), and 10(-4) mol/L) of @entity3 , the myometrial arteries demonstrated essentially no relaxation. A significant mean relaxation of 31% was seen only with the highest @entity3 concentration of 10(-3) mol/L. Pretreatment with @entity3 attenuated @entity2 -induced contraction by 26% at 3 x 10(-4) mol/L and by up to 80% at 10(-3) mol/L. Preincubation with lower concentrations of @entity3 did not significantly reduce subsequent @entity2 contraction. The present study has thus shown that @entity3 at high concentrations counteracts @entity2 -induced constriction of myometrial arteries in term pregnant @entity0 . Pretreatment with @entity3 at high concentrations attenuates the @entity2 contraction.

title: Effects of XXXX on endothelin-induced constriction of myometrial arteries in normotensive pregnant @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The results of our previous studies suggested that @entity2 ( @entity2 ) might be contributory to the impaired uteroplacental blood flow seen in @entity1 . The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro influence of @entity3 on @entity2 -induced contraction of myometrial resistance arteries from pregnant @entity0 , as these vessels are partly responsible for the regulation of uteroplacental blood flow in @entity1 . Small myometrial arteries were dissected from myometrium obtained from 20 normotensive term pregnant @entity0 undergoing elective cesarean section and mounted in a tissue chamber. Tension was recorded isometrically. When @entity2 (10(-8) mol/L)-contracted vessels were exposed to increasing concentrations (10(-6), 10(-5), and 10(-4) mol/L) of @entity3 , the myometrial arteries demonstrated essentially no relaxation. A significant mean relaxation of 31% was seen only with the highest @entity3 concentration of 10(-3) mol/L. Pretreatment with @entity3 attenuated @entity2 -induced contraction by 26% at 3 x 10(-4) mol/L and by up to 80% at 10(-3) mol/L. Preincubation with lower concentrations of @entity3 did not significantly reduce subsequent @entity2 contraction. The present study has thus shown that @entity3 at high concentrations counteracts @entity2 -induced constriction of myometrial arteries in term pregnant @entity0 . Pretreatment with @entity3 at high concentrations attenuates the @entity2 contraction.

title: Effects of @entity3 on endothelin-induced constriction of myometrial arteries in normotensive pregnant XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: During @entity3 , the function of the unaffected muscle is the primary determinant of residual cardiac performance. We compared six methods of measuring regional function in the remaining non-ischaemic segment after acute ligation of the @entity8 ( @entity8 ) coronary artery in 16 @entity2 . Preparation included left ventricular micromanometers, regional sonomicrometer transducers to measure segment length and wall thickness, caval occluders and left atrial catheters for injection of radioactive microspheres to measure regional blood flow. Pulmonary artery, central @entity5 were measured and regional coronary venous blood was collected for direct myocardial @entity0 consumption (VO2) calculations. Under basal high-dose @entity12 -neuromuscular blocker anaesthesia, the @entity8 was occluded after addition of @entity10 or @entity13 at 0.5 or 1.5 MAC concentrations. Regional myocardial function of the non-ischaemic segment was assessed by the following computer-derived indices: percent systolic wall thickening (% WT), velocity of shortening (vs), percent systolic shortening (%SS), regional @entity1 work (RSW), regional preload recruitable @entity1 work (RPRSW) and regional end-systolic elastance (Ees). No index demonstrated enhanced function in the non-ischaemic segment after @entity8 ligation and all monitors, except Ees, were sensitive to @entity4 of function represented by a decrease in values after administration of @entity10 and @entity13 (P < 0.05). Ees values increased with the addition of @entity13 and remained constant with @entity10 . Circulating concentrations of @entity11 were unchanged after ischaemia, while inhalation agents caused a decrease in the concentrations of @entity9 and @entity6 (P < 0.05), but not @entity7 .(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Regional myocardial function during contiguous ischaemia in an anaesthetized XXXX model: comparison of six methods of measurement.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Purpose: To characterize in detail the phenotype and genotype of @entity0 with @entity5 ( @entity5 ). Methods: @entity0 were screened for an annular ring @entity3 ranging from 3   to 40   (n = 28, ages 24-71) with kinetic perimetry. All @entity0 had @entity2 in the region of the dysfunction. Further studies included cross-sectional and en face imaging, static chromatic perimetry, and electroretinography. Molecular screening was performed. Results: Genotypes of 14 of 28 @entity5 @entity0 were identified: There were mutations in eight different genes previously associated with autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive RDs. Kinetic fields monitored in some @entity0 over years to more than a decade could be stable or show increased extent of the @entity3 . Electroretinograms were recordable but with different severities of dysfunction. Patterns of photoreceptor outer nuclear layer (ONL) loss corresponded to the distribution of @entity1 . Outer nuclear layer thickness topography and en face imaging indicated that the greatest disease expression was in the area of known highest rod photoreceptor density. Conclusions: Molecular heterogeneity was a feature of the @entity5 phenotype. Many of the molecular causes were also associated with other phenotypes, such as @entity4 , typical @entity6 ( @entity6 ) and @entity6 . The pericentral pattern of @entity5 is thus confirmed to be an uncommon phenotype of many different genotypes rather than a distinct disease entity.

title: Molecular Heterogeneity Within the Clinical Diagnosis of Pericentral XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) are vectors for several important @entity0 diseases, including @entity4 , @entity0 granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), and @entity0 @entity2 , caused by @entity3 , @entity6 , and @entity2 microti, respectively. The continued northward range expansion of @entity5 and associated pathogens is an increasing public health concern in Canada. The Thousand Islands region of eastern Ontario has recently been identified as a new endemic area for @entity4 in Canada, but the occurrence of other pathogens in ticks in this area has not been fully described. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of A. phagocytophilum and @entity7 in small mammals and questing ticks in the Thousand Islands area and identify the strains of A. phagocytophilum circulating in ticks in the area. Serum and larval ticks were collected from trapped small mammals, and questing ticks were collected via drag sampling from up to 12 island and mainland sites in 2006, 2009, and 2010. A. phagocytophilum was identified by PCR in 3.4% (47/1388) ticks from eight of 12 sites; the prevalence ranged from 8.9% in 2006 to 3% in 2009. All 365 ticks tested for @entity7 were negative. Antibodies to A. phagocytophilum were detected in 2.8% (17/611) of white-footed @entity1 (Peromyscus leucopus) at two of 11 sites in 2006, 2009, or 2010. All 34 A. phagocytophilum-positive ticks submitted for strain identification using single-nucleotide polymorphism genotyping assays targeting the 16S rRNA gene were identified as a variant strain (Ap variant-1), which is not commonly associated with @entity0 disease. Our findings suggest that @entity0 are at low risk of contracting HGA or @entity0 @entity2 due to locally acquired tick bites in the Thousand Islands area. However, continued surveillance is warranted as these pathogens continue to expand their ranges in North America.

title: Prevalence of XXXX and @entity2 microti in @entity5 from a Newly Established Lyme Disease Endemic Area, the Thousand Islands Region of Ontario, Canada.

answer: @entity6