abstract: There is still no clear definition of diskogenic @entity5 and no consensus on a generally agreed test, such as provocative diskography (PD), to diagnose painful @entity6 , and probably more importantly, to predict the outcome of therapy intended to reduce @entity1 that is presumed to be diskogenic in nature. Nevertheless, PD is the most specific procedure to diagnose diskogenic @entity5 . Its accuracy, however, is rather low or at best unknown. Although rare, the most prevalent complication, postdiskography @entity4 , can be devastating for the individual @entity0 , so all measures, like strict sterile conditions and antibiotic prophylaxis, should be taken to avoid this complication. It is advised to perform the procedure in a pressure-controlled way with a constant low flow, and optionally computed tomography imaging. PD should not be performed in morphologically normal disks. A standardized execution of the test should be established in order to perform high-quality studies to determine its accuracy to lead to meaningful interventions, and find best practices for diagnosis and @entity3 . Possibly, PD may have detrimental effects on the disk, causing @entity2 , although it is unknown whether this will be related to clinical symptoms. Especially with these possible adverse side effects in mind, the risk-benefit ratio with the lack of clear benefits from treatments provided, and possible complications of disk puncture, the rationale for PD is questionable, which should be stressed to @entity0 in the process of shared decision making. Diskography as a stand-alone test is not recommended in clinical decision making for @entity0 with chronic @entity5 .

title: Provocative diskography: safety and predictive value in the outcome of spinal fusion or @entity1 intervention for chronic XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: There is still no clear definition of diskogenic @entity5 and no consensus on a generally agreed test, such as provocative diskography (PD), to diagnose painful @entity6 , and probably more importantly, to predict the outcome of therapy intended to reduce @entity1 that is presumed to be diskogenic in nature. Nevertheless, PD is the most specific procedure to diagnose diskogenic @entity5 . Its accuracy, however, is rather low or at best unknown. Although rare, the most prevalent complication, postdiskography @entity4 , can be devastating for the individual @entity0 , so all measures, like strict sterile conditions and antibiotic prophylaxis, should be taken to avoid this complication. It is advised to perform the procedure in a pressure-controlled way with a constant low flow, and optionally computed tomography imaging. PD should not be performed in morphologically normal disks. A standardized execution of the test should be established in order to perform high-quality studies to determine its accuracy to lead to meaningful interventions, and find best practices for diagnosis and @entity3 . Possibly, PD may have detrimental effects on the disk, causing @entity2 , although it is unknown whether this will be related to clinical symptoms. Especially with these possible adverse side effects in mind, the risk-benefit ratio with the lack of clear benefits from treatments provided, and possible complications of disk puncture, the rationale for PD is questionable, which should be stressed to @entity0 in the process of shared decision making. Diskography as a stand-alone test is not recommended in clinical decision making for @entity0 with chronic @entity5 .

title: Provocative diskography: safety and predictive value in the outcome of spinal fusion or XXXX intervention for chronic @entity5 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Objective. We compared the characteristics of @entity0 with @entity4 alone with those of @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity6 . Methods. Eighty-four @entity0 were enrolled between 2002 and 2011, in a hospital in China. Clinical, endocrinological, and histopathological data, MRI scans, and surgical outcomes were reviewed throughout the follow-up period. Results. @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity6 had a younger age at diagnosis (30.28    14.23 versus 36.08    10.91 years; P = 0.037) and a larger adenoma maximal diameter (2.44    1.32 versus 1.44    1.05 cm; P < 0.001) than @entity0 with @entity4 alone. @entity5 (P = 0.027) and @entity3 (P = 0.021) were more common and progressive @entity1 (P = 0.009) and @entity2 (P < 0.001) were less common in @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity6 . The rate of normalization of hormonal levels was lower (41.7% versus 91.7%; P < 0.001) and the recurrence rate was higher (36.1% versus 8.3%; P < 0.001) in @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity6 . Conclusions. Careful long-term follow-up is needed of @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity6 .

title: Retrospective Analysis of XXXX with or without @entity6 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Objective. We compared the characteristics of @entity0 with @entity4 alone with those of @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity6 . Methods. Eighty-four @entity0 were enrolled between 2002 and 2011, in a hospital in China. Clinical, endocrinological, and histopathological data, MRI scans, and surgical outcomes were reviewed throughout the follow-up period. Results. @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity6 had a younger age at diagnosis (30.28    14.23 versus 36.08    10.91 years; P = 0.037) and a larger adenoma maximal diameter (2.44    1.32 versus 1.44    1.05 cm; P < 0.001) than @entity0 with @entity4 alone. @entity5 (P = 0.027) and @entity3 (P = 0.021) were more common and progressive @entity1 (P = 0.009) and @entity2 (P < 0.001) were less common in @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity6 . The rate of normalization of hormonal levels was lower (41.7% versus 91.7%; P < 0.001) and the recurrence rate was higher (36.1% versus 8.3%; P < 0.001) in @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity6 . Conclusions. Careful long-term follow-up is needed of @entity0 with @entity4 and @entity6 .

title: Retrospective Analysis of @entity4 with or without XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Reservoir sediment is one of the most stressful environments for microorganisms due to periodically @entity0 minimum conditions. In this study, the abundance and composition of bacteria associated with sediments from three drinking water reservoirs (Zhoucun, ZCR; Shibianyu, SBYR; and Jinpen, JPR) were investigated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and 16S rRNA-based 454 pyrosequencing. The results of physico-chemical analysis of sediments showed that the organic matter and total @entity1 were significantly higher in ZCR as compared to JPR (P   <   0.01). The bacterial abundance was 9.13   *   10(6), 1.14   *   10(7), and 6.35   *   10(6)  copies/ng DNA in sediments of SBYR, ZCR, and JPR, respectively (P   <   0.01). The pyrosequencing revealed a total of 9,673 operational taxonomic units, which were affiliated with 17 phyla. The dominant phylum was Firmicutes (56.83  %) in JPR; whereas, the dominance of Proteobacteria was observed in SBYR with 40.38  % and ZCR with 39.56  %. The Shannon-Wiener diversity (H') was high in ZCR; whereas, Chao 1 @entity2 was high in SBYR. The dominant genera were Clostridium with 42.15  % and Bacillus with 20.44  % in JPR. Meanwhile, Dechloromonas with14.80  % and Smithella with 7.20  % were dominated in ZCR, and Bacillus with 45.45  % and Acinetobacter with 5.15  % in SBYR. The heat map profiles and redundancy analysis indicated substantial differences in sediment bacterial community composition among three reservoirs. Moreover, it appears from the results that physico-chemical variables of sediments including pH, organic matter, total @entity1 , and available phosphorous played key roles in shaping the bacterial community diversity. The results obtained from this study will broaden our understanding on the bacterial community structure of sediments in @entity0 minimum and stressful freshwater environments.

title: Abundance and Diversity of Bacteria in XXXX Minimum Drinking Water Reservoir Sediments Studied by Quantitative PCR and Pyrosequencing.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity4 is an uncommon @entity2 with a poor prognosis. We aim to describe the clinical presentation, treatment and outcome of @entity0 with @entity4 in our center. Retrospective study of @entity0 with  @entity4  treated between 2000 and 2011 at a @entity2 center in Lisbon. Ten @entity0 were identified, eight females and two males, with median age 70.5  years (32-79). Symptoms at presentation were @entity5 (8), anal @entity3 (4) and discomfort (3). @entity2 location was anal (6), rectal (3) and anorectal transition (2). Seven @entity0 had surgery: abdomino-pelvic resection (5) and local resection (2). Among the two @entity0 who underwent local resection, one was an incidental finding in a hemorrhoidectomy specimen. This @entity0 had further adjuvant chemotherapy ( @entity6 ). Three @entity0 had distant @entity1 at diagnosis, one had chemotherapy and two had best supportive care. Six of the seven  operated @entity0 relapsed in a median time of 5.4  months: distant @entity1 (4), local recurrence (1), both (1). The two local relapse @entity0 had surgical widening of resection margins (1) and radiotherapy (2). One-year survival was 30  %; 3-year survival was 20  %. @entity4 has a poor prognosis due to advanced disease at presentation and aggressive course, with relapse in almost all operated @entity0 . Treatment guidelines have not been established due to the lack of randomized studies. However, recent studies show that sphincter-sparing surgical procedures along with low dose intensity radiotherapy seem to achieve a local control similar to abdomino-pelvic resection. No systemic therapy is considered standard of care for advanced disease, and regimens are extrapolated from cutaneous @entity4 experience.

title: XXXX : retrospective analysis of management and outcome in a single Portuguese Institution.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2 is a significant risk factor for total @entity1 incidence and mortality. @entity7 , a commonly used antidiabetic drug, has been shown to be protective against different types of @entity1 ; however, its role in @entity4 is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine whether the use of @entity7 modifies the risk of development of @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: @entity0 with diagnoses of @entity3 and @entity4 were identified during a 20-year period. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The outcome variable was @entity5 . Univariate analysis was performed using two-sample t tests for continuous variables or the Fisher exact test for categorical variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was then performed using the significant variables. RESULTS: A total of 583 @entity0 were identified with the diagnosis of @entity3 or @entity5 from 1992 to 2012. Of these, 115 had @entity5 and 468 had @entity3 . Age, smoking, and @entity2 were found to be significant risk factors for the development of @entity4 with the following results: age (P < 0.001), smoking (P = 0.003), @entity2 (P = 0.007). @entity6 use was protective against the development of @entity1 with P = 0.001. @entity7 use was neither associated with an increased nor a decreased risk of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: The three independent variables that predicted progression of @entity3 to @entity5 in our study were older age, smoking, and @entity2 . Statin use showed protective effect against development of @entity5 . @entity7 use did not demonstrate any statistically significant protective effect.

title: @entity7 use and the risk of XXXX in @entity3 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2 is a significant risk factor for total @entity1 incidence and mortality. @entity7 , a commonly used antidiabetic drug, has been shown to be protective against different types of @entity1 ; however, its role in @entity4 is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine whether the use of @entity7 modifies the risk of development of @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: @entity0 with diagnoses of @entity3 and @entity4 were identified during a 20-year period. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The outcome variable was @entity5 . Univariate analysis was performed using two-sample t tests for continuous variables or the Fisher exact test for categorical variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was then performed using the significant variables. RESULTS: A total of 583 @entity0 were identified with the diagnosis of @entity3 or @entity5 from 1992 to 2012. Of these, 115 had @entity5 and 468 had @entity3 . Age, smoking, and @entity2 were found to be significant risk factors for the development of @entity4 with the following results: age (P < 0.001), smoking (P = 0.003), @entity2 (P = 0.007). @entity6 use was protective against the development of @entity1 with P = 0.001. @entity7 use was neither associated with an increased nor a decreased risk of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: The three independent variables that predicted progression of @entity3 to @entity5 in our study were older age, smoking, and @entity2 . Statin use showed protective effect against development of @entity5 . @entity7 use did not demonstrate any statistically significant protective effect.

title: @entity7 use and the risk of @entity4 in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: @entity2 is a significant risk factor for total @entity1 incidence and mortality. @entity7 , a commonly used antidiabetic drug, has been shown to be protective against different types of @entity1 ; however, its role in @entity4 is unknown. The goal of this study was to determine whether the use of @entity7 modifies the risk of development of @entity5 in @entity0 with @entity3 . METHODS: @entity0 with diagnoses of @entity3 and @entity4 were identified during a 20-year period. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The outcome variable was @entity5 . Univariate analysis was performed using two-sample t tests for continuous variables or the Fisher exact test for categorical variables. Multiple logistic regression analysis was then performed using the significant variables. RESULTS: A total of 583 @entity0 were identified with the diagnosis of @entity3 or @entity5 from 1992 to 2012. Of these, 115 had @entity5 and 468 had @entity3 . Age, smoking, and @entity2 were found to be significant risk factors for the development of @entity4 with the following results: age (P < 0.001), smoking (P = 0.003), @entity2 (P = 0.007). @entity6 use was protective against the development of @entity1 with P = 0.001. @entity7 use was neither associated with an increased nor a decreased risk of @entity4 . CONCLUSIONS: The three independent variables that predicted progression of @entity3 to @entity5 in our study were older age, smoking, and @entity2 . Statin use showed protective effect against development of @entity5 . @entity7 use did not demonstrate any statistically significant protective effect.

title: XXXX use and the risk of @entity4 in @entity3 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: In cell-fractionation experiments most of the glycolytic enzymes in bloodstream forms of @entity2 are recovered in a microbody, called the glycosome [Opperdoes, F. R. and Borst, P. (1977) FEBS Lett. 80, 360-364]. To see whether this compartmentation of glycolytic enzymes is accompanied by compartmentation of metabolites we have pulse-labelled intact @entity2 with [U-14C]glucose and followed the incorporation of radioactivity into glycolytic intermediates separated by anion-exchange chromatography. The kinetics of incorporation provide direct evidence for the existence of two pools of glycolytic intermediates. One pool is completely labelled within 15 s and represents 20-30% of total cellular metabolites. Radioactively labelled @entity1 is already produced after 15 s. Since this pool is directly involved in the glycolytic flux, we conclude that it is present in the glycosome. The second pool which represents 70-80% of the total appears not to be directly involved in glycolysis. Its content equilibrates relatively slowly with the glycosomal pool. It probably represents the cytosol. Incorporation of radioactivity into the total @entity3 pool is more rapid than for the other metabolites studied. This indicates rapid mixing of the glycosomal and cell-sap pools of @entity3 , as required for the extra-glycosomal oxidation of @entity3 by the mitochondrial oxidase. In the presence of 1 mM @entity4 , which mimics anaerobiosis, the trypanosome produces equimolar amounts of @entity1 and @entity0 . Labelling of @entity0 and @entity3 proceeds at identical rates but at all times the specific activity of @entity0 is less than that of @entity3 . This is compatible with our earlier proposal that @entity0 is made from @entity3 by @entity0 kinase. We conclude that glycolysis in trypanosomes takes place in the glycosome and that the membrane of this organelle is poorly permeable to most glycolytic intermediates.

title: Subcellular compartmentation of glycolytic intermediates in XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the osseointegration and crestal @entity1 (CBL) in two implant designs with different diameters (Mini Sky   and Narrow Sky  ) implants, placed at different vertical levels at healed @entity0 ridges. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The second, third, and fourth mandibular premolars of six @entity0 were extracted bilaterally. After 2 months healing, four implants divided into two groups according to their diameters (i.e., Narrow Sky   and Mini Sky  ) were placed in each hemi-mandible at the level of the bone crest or 2 mm subcrestally. The animals were euthanized at 12 weeks and undecalcified samples were processed for histology. Histomorphometric analysis was carried out to compare bone-to-implant contacts (BIC) and crestal @entity1 (CBL). RESULTS: There were not significant differences in CBL between groups when the implants were placed at subcrestal bone level (p   >   0.05), meanwhile the CBL was significantly higher for both groups when the implants were inserted at crestal level (p   <   0.05). All implants were osseointegrated presenting a minimum BIC percentage of 56%. The major percentages of BIC were found for both groups at subcrestal level (p   <   0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this experimental study may be concluded that the implant diameter does not affect the CBL. BIC values are affected by implant diameter and design been higher for narrow implants compared to mini-implants. Subcrestal insertion of both implants favors crestal bone preservation but crestal insertion of both designs is associated with crestal @entity1 CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The study shows that narrow implants protect peri-implant crestal bone.

title: Narrow- versus mini-implants at crestal and subcrestal bone levels. Experimental study in XXXX at three months.

answer: @entity0


abstract: A widely studied problem in systems biology is to predict bacterial phenotype from growth conditions, using mechanistic models such as flux balance analysis (FBA). However, the inverse prediction of growth conditions from phenotype is rarely considered. Here we develop a computational framework to carry out this inverse prediction on a computational model of bacterial metabolism. We use FBA to calculate bacterial phenotypes from growth conditions in @entity1 , and then we assess how accurately we can predict the original growth conditions from the phenotypes. Prediction is carried out via regularized multinomial regression. Our analysis provides several important physiological and statistical insights. First, we show that by analyzing metabolic end products we can consistently predict growth conditions. Second, prediction is reliable even in the presence of small amounts of impurities. Third, flux through a relatively small number of reactions per growth source (   10) is sufficient for accurate prediction. Fourth, combining the predictions from two separate models, one trained only on @entity0 sources and one only on @entity2 sources, performs better than models trained to perform joint prediction. Finally, that separate predictions perform better than a more sophisticated joint prediction scheme suggests that @entity0 and @entity2 utilization pathways, despite jointly affecting cellular growth, may be fairly decoupled in terms of their dependence on specific assortments of molecular precursors.

title: Predicting Growth Conditions from Internal Metabolic Fluxes in an In-Silico Model of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Home @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is associated with many complications including severe @entity2 . Commercial   -6 @entity3 - @entity4 based-lipid emulsions in @entity5 may mediate long term @entity5 associate @entity2 (PNALD) whereas   -3-fish oil parenteral emulsions have shown to reverse PNALD in @entity0 . However, its clinical effectiveness in adults has been scarcely reported. In this work, we study the role of @entity4 and fish oil lipid commercial emulsions on inflammatory and profibrotic liver markers in adults with long term PNALD and in in vitro cellular models. Inflammatory and profibrotic markers were measured in serum of ten adults with long term PNALD and in culture supernatants of monocytes. Liver epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) was induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFb1) to evaluate in vitro liver @entity1 . Omegaven  , a 100% fish oil commercial emulsion, was infused during four months in two @entity0 with severe long term PNALD reversing, at the first month, the inflammatory, profibrotic and clinical parameters of PNALD. The effect was maintained during the treatment course but impaired when conventional lipid emulsions were reintroduced. The other @entity0 under chronic @entity4 oil-based @entity5 showed elevated inflammatory and profibrotic parameters. In vitro @entity0 monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide induced a strong inflammatory response that was suppressed by @entity6  , but increased by @entity4 emulsions. In other experiments, TGFb1 induced EMT that was suppressed by Omegaven   and enhanced by @entity4 oil lipid emulsions. Omegaven   improves clinical, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic parameters in adults with long-term home PNALD.

title: Anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic profile of fish oil emulsions used in @entity5 -associated XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: Home @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is associated with many complications including severe @entity2 . Commercial   -6 @entity3 - @entity4 based-lipid emulsions in @entity5 may mediate long term @entity5 associate @entity2 (PNALD) whereas   -3-fish oil parenteral emulsions have shown to reverse PNALD in @entity0 . However, its clinical effectiveness in adults has been scarcely reported. In this work, we study the role of @entity4 and fish oil lipid commercial emulsions on inflammatory and profibrotic liver markers in adults with long term PNALD and in in vitro cellular models. Inflammatory and profibrotic markers were measured in serum of ten adults with long term PNALD and in culture supernatants of monocytes. Liver epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) was induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFb1) to evaluate in vitro liver @entity1 . Omegaven  , a 100% fish oil commercial emulsion, was infused during four months in two @entity0 with severe long term PNALD reversing, at the first month, the inflammatory, profibrotic and clinical parameters of PNALD. The effect was maintained during the treatment course but impaired when conventional lipid emulsions were reintroduced. The other @entity0 under chronic @entity4 oil-based @entity5 showed elevated inflammatory and profibrotic parameters. In vitro @entity0 monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide induced a strong inflammatory response that was suppressed by @entity6  , but increased by @entity4 emulsions. In other experiments, TGFb1 induced EMT that was suppressed by Omegaven   and enhanced by @entity4 oil lipid emulsions. Omegaven   improves clinical, anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic parameters in adults with long-term home PNALD.

title: Anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic profile of fish oil emulsions used in XXXX -associated @entity2 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For the detection of unwanted outcomes of new interventions, physicians rely on adverse event reporting. We attempt to quantify the reported incidence of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and evaluate the extent of under-reporting. We selected all therapeutic @entity6 published in the four highest-impact general medicine journals between January 2011 and July 2011. @entity0 were categorized according to @entity7 risk. The occurrences of @entity7 and @entity5 , either as predefined outcome or adverse event, were assessed. We identified 131 @entity6 . @entity7 and @entity5 were not reported in 89 and 70  % of these studies, respectively. The raw-unweighted reported incidence in the 3 studies with predefined outcomes for @entity7 was 8.4 (7.8-9.1) per 1,000  @entity0 -years. In the 128 studies without predefined outcomes for @entity7 , (consisting of 322,029 individuals, including @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity2 , @entity3 , surgery, adding up to a follow-up >500,000 @entity0 -years), an incidence of 0.4 (0.4-0.5) per 1,000 @entity0 -years was found. The reported incidence of @entity5 in 18 studies in which @entity5 was part of predefined outcomes was 25.6 (24.9-26.3) per 1,000 @entity0 -years. In 92 studies without predefined outcomes for @entity5 (231,638 individuals, follow-up >200,000  @entity0 -years,), the incidence was 2.5 (2.3-2.7) per 1,000  @entity0 -years. The incidence of @entity7 and @entity5 in @entity6 is highly under-reported. Uniform registration of adverse events, even when unlikely to be related to the intervention, is necessary to be able to inform physicians about the potential @entity4 of new therapeutic strategies.

title: Under-reporting of venous and arterial @entity5 events in XXXX : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity6


abstract: UNASSIGNED: For the detection of unwanted outcomes of new interventions, physicians rely on adverse event reporting. We attempt to quantify the reported incidence of @entity7 ( @entity7 ) and @entity5 ( @entity5 ) in @entity6 ( @entity6 ), and evaluate the extent of under-reporting. We selected all therapeutic @entity6 published in the four highest-impact general medicine journals between January 2011 and July 2011. @entity0 were categorized according to @entity7 risk. The occurrences of @entity7 and @entity5 , either as predefined outcome or adverse event, were assessed. We identified 131 @entity6 . @entity7 and @entity5 were not reported in 89 and 70  % of these studies, respectively. The raw-unweighted reported incidence in the 3 studies with predefined outcomes for @entity7 was 8.4 (7.8-9.1) per 1,000  @entity0 -years. In the 128 studies without predefined outcomes for @entity7 , (consisting of 322,029 individuals, including @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity2 , @entity3 , surgery, adding up to a follow-up >500,000 @entity0 -years), an incidence of 0.4 (0.4-0.5) per 1,000 @entity0 -years was found. The reported incidence of @entity5 in 18 studies in which @entity5 was part of predefined outcomes was 25.6 (24.9-26.3) per 1,000 @entity0 -years. In 92 studies without predefined outcomes for @entity5 (231,638 individuals, follow-up >200,000  @entity0 -years,), the incidence was 2.5 (2.3-2.7) per 1,000  @entity0 -years. The incidence of @entity7 and @entity5 in @entity6 is highly under-reported. Uniform registration of adverse events, even when unlikely to be related to the intervention, is necessary to be able to inform physicians about the potential @entity4 of new therapeutic strategies.

title: Under-reporting of venous and arterial XXXX events in @entity6 : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Complex @entity5 in teenagers can be complicated to diagnose. The aim of this study was to present detailed features of @entity5 in teenage migraineurs. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the period from 2008 till 2013. A total number of 40 teenage migraineurs (20 females and 20 males) met criteria for this study. The @entity0 were interviewed using a specially designed questionnaire for collecting data about @entity5 . Main outcome measures were frequency of @entity1 ( @entity2 ) symptoms in teenage migraineurs population during the aura, and also within each individual. RESULTS: Visual aura was reported in every attack, followed by somatosensory (60%) and @entity7 (36.4%) aura. Scintillating @entity1 were mostly reported and predominant @entity1 . The most common somatosensory symptom was @entity3 in hand. @entity2 were reported by 22 (55%) @entity0 . Slowed speech was mostly reported symptom of @entity2 , followed by @entity8 , d  j   vu phenomenon, @entity6 , and @entity4 . In @entity0 with @entity2 , aura frequency per year (6.18    3.17 vs. 3.33    2.03, p = 0.003) and prevalence of somatosensory symptoms (77.3% vs. 38.9%, p = 0.014) were significantly higher than in @entity0 without @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Aura symptoms vary to a great extent in complexity in teenage migraineurs. Consequently, results obtained in this study provide useful information for clinicians when faced with @entity5 .

title: Features of XXXX in teenagers.

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of maternal serum @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in identifying pathological intrauterine fetal growth restriction (IUFGR) among @entity0 presented in the third trimester of pregnancy with a small for gestational age (SGA) fetus. STUDY DESIGN: This case control study was conducted in Ain-Shams University Maternity Hospital, Abbasiya Square, Cairo, Egypt and included @entity0 diagnosed at the third trimester of pregnancy as having a SGA fetus. Cases included pregnant @entity0 with pathological IUFGR, while @entity0 with physiologically SGA fetus were included in the control group. Diagnosis of antenatal SGA fetus was based on the presence of abdominal circumference <10th percentile. Pathological IUFGR was provisionally diagnosed antenatally by the presence of falling percentiles on serial ultrasound scans and then the definitive diagnosis was established postnatally after comprehensive neonatal evaluation. @entity1 were collected from the eligible @entity0 , once at the time of enrollment, to assess serum @entity2 levels using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Both groups were then followed up till delivery to confirm the diagnosis. RESULTS: Among the 68 pregnant included in the study, @entity2 was found to be significantly elevated in @entity0 with SGA fetus due to pathological IUFGR (n=34) than those with physiologically SGA fetus (n=34) [6.5ng/ml (2.5-11.0) versus 1.2ng/ml (0.8-2.5) respectively], with a best cutoff value of >= 1.3ng/ml [sensitivity of 85.3% (95% confidence interval (CI), 68.9-95.0) and a specificity of 73.5% (95% CI, 55.6-87.1)]. Using multivariable binary logistic regression model, amniotic fluid index (AFI) (P=0.010), estimated fetal weight (EFW) (P=0.016), @entity2 level (P=0.041), and umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA-PI) (P=0.027) were all found to be independent diagnostic markers for pathological IUFGR. CONCLUSION: @entity2 is a promising marker that deserves further evaluation as it may differentiate normal and abnormal fetal growth among @entity0 presenting at third trimester of pregnancy with a SGA fetus.

title: The association between XXXX in maternal circulation and pathological intrauterine fetal growth restriction.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Few studies have examined the occurrence of minimal change @entity12 (MCNS) in @entity0 with @entity11 ( @entity11 ). We report here a series of 18 @entity0 with MCNS occurring among 13,992 new cases of @entity11 . We analyzed the clinical and pathologic characteristics of this association, along with the response of @entity0 to treatment, to determine if this association relies on a @entity2 . The most frequent NHLs associated with MCNS were Waldenstr  m @entity14 (33.3%), marginal zone @entity10 (27.8%), and @entity7 (22.2%). Other @entity6 included @entity9 , @entity8 , and @entity13 . In 4 @entity0 MCNS occurred before @entity11 (mean delay, 15 mo), in 10 @entity0 the disorders occurred simultaneously, and in 4 @entity0 MCNS was diagnosed after @entity11 (mean delay, 25 mo). Circulating monoclonal immunoglobulins were present in 11 @entity0 . A nontumoral interstitial infiltrate was present in renal biopsy specimens from 3 @entity0 without significant @entity1 . @entity5 resulting from @entity1 or renal hypoperfusion was present in 6 @entity0 . MCNS relapse occurred more frequently in @entity0 treated exclusively by @entity3 therapy (77.8%) than in those receiving @entity4 associated with chemotherapy (25%). In conclusion, MCNS occurs preferentially in @entity11 originating from B cells and requires an aggressive therapeutic approach to reduce the risk of MCNS relapse.

title: Minimal change XXXX associated with non-hodgkin lymphoid disorders: a retrospective study of 18 cases.

answer: @entity12


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cigarette smoke-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells contributes to the pathogenesis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). However, the mechanisms responsible for endothelial apoptosis remain poorly understood. We conducted an in vitro study to investigate whether DNA methylation is involved in smoking-induced endothelial apoptosis. @entity0 umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) at a range of concentrations (0 to 10%). HUVECs were also incubated with a demethylating reagent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidinem (AZA), with and without @entity3 . Apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity2 nick end labeling assay and flow cytometry using annexin V- @entity5 /PI staining. We found that @entity3 treatment significantly increased HUVEC apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunoblot revealed that @entity3 treatment decreased @entity4 (COX II) mRNA and protein levels, and decreased COX activity. Methylation-specific PCR and direct @entity6 sequencing revealed positive COX II gene methylation. AZA administration partly increased mRNA and protein expressions of COX II and COX activity decreased by @entity3 , and attenuated the toxic effects of @entity3 . Our results showed that @entity3 induced aberrant COX II methylation and apoptosis in HUVECs.

title: Cigarette smoke extract induces aberrant XXXX methylation and apoptosis in @entity0 umbilical vascular endothelial cells.

answer: @entity4


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Cigarette smoke-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells contributes to the pathogenesis of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). However, the mechanisms responsible for endothelial apoptosis remain poorly understood. We conducted an in vitro study to investigate whether DNA methylation is involved in smoking-induced endothelial apoptosis. @entity0 umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to @entity3 ( @entity3 ) at a range of concentrations (0 to 10%). HUVECs were also incubated with a demethylating reagent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidinem (AZA), with and without @entity3 . Apoptosis was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated @entity2 nick end labeling assay and flow cytometry using annexin V- @entity5 /PI staining. We found that @entity3 treatment significantly increased HUVEC apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunoblot revealed that @entity3 treatment decreased @entity4 (COX II) mRNA and protein levels, and decreased COX activity. Methylation-specific PCR and direct @entity6 sequencing revealed positive COX II gene methylation. AZA administration partly increased mRNA and protein expressions of COX II and COX activity decreased by @entity3 , and attenuated the toxic effects of @entity3 . Our results showed that @entity3 induced aberrant COX II methylation and apoptosis in HUVECs.

title: Cigarette smoke extract induces aberrant @entity4 methylation and apoptosis in XXXX umbilical vascular endothelial cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity1 ( @entity1 ) are among the most severely stigmatised conditions; however, little is known about the nature of these stigmatising attitudes. AIMS: To assess and compare stigmatising attitudes towards @entity0 with @entity1 among different stakeholders: general public, general practitioners (GPs), mental health and addiction specialists, and clients in treatment for @entity1 . METHODS: Cross-sectional study (N    =   3,326) in which stereotypical beliefs, attribution beliefs (e.g. perceptions about controllability and responsibility for having an addiction), social distance and expectations about rehabilitation opportunities for individuals with substance use disorders were assessed and compared between stakeholders. RESULTS: Individuals with substance use disorders elicited great social distance across all stakeholders. Stereotypical beliefs were not different between stakeholders, whereas attribution beliefs were more diverse. Considering social distance and expectations about rehabilitation opportunities, the general public was most pessimistic, followed by GPs, mental health and addiction specialists, and clients. Stereotypical and attribution beliefs, as well as age, gender and socially desirable answering, were not associated with social distance across all stakeholders. CONCLUSION: The general public and GPs expressed more social distance and were more negative in their expectations about rehabilitation opportunities, compared to mental health and addiction specialists and clients. Although stigmatising attitudes were prevalent across all groups, no striking differences were found between stakeholders.

title: Comparing stigmatising attitudes towards XXXX with substance use disorders between the general public, GPs, mental health and addiction specialists and clients.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Brazil is a major producer and exporter of beef, with a herd of approximately 210 million animals. For the meat industry, a reliable animal traceback from its origin to the consumer market is paramount. Of all available identification systems, DNA is the only one that survives the slaughterhouse and reaches the dish of the consumer. DNA polymorphisms are already used for @entity0 traceback, but primarily for the subspecies @entity0 taurus. However, in Brazil, another subspecies, @entity2 predominates. We describe here the development of a DNA traceback method designed primarily for @entity2 ( @entity2 ), without leaving @entity0 taurus aside. We used insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphisms, which have the advantage of being simple and easily automatable, since in most cases, the variable loci are biallelic. We studied 94 indels, with a difference of two or more base pairs, in DNA pools of 60 @entity2 and 60 @entity1 animals. A set of 22 indels with heterozygosity greater than 0.3 were selected and used to construct two multiplex PCRs. On the basis of the allelic frequency of these indels, the probability of random match was calculated to be 1.12 x 10(-8) for @entity2 and 1.60 x 10(-6) for @entity0 taurus. Moreover, we estimated that an analysis would cost less than US 15.00 per animal. Thus, this system (MULTINDELS-BOV) is perfectly suited for building large genetic databases and offering viable prospects of a national system for @entity0 traceback DNA in Brazil.

title: MULTINDELS-BOV: XXXX traceback method based on DNA insertion-deletion polymorphisms.

answer: @entity2


abstract: STUDY QUESTION: How does the placenta protect the fetus from immune rejection by the mother? SUMMARY ANSWER: The placenta can produce IgG that is glycosylated at one of its @entity8 arms (asymmetric IgG; aIgG) which can interact with other antibodies and certain leukocytes to affect local immune reactions at the junction between the two genetically distinct entities. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: The placenta can protect the semi-allogenic fetus from immune rejection by the immune potent mother. aIgG in serum is increased during pregnancy and returns to the normal range after giving birth. aIgG can react to antigens to form immune complexes which do not cause a subsequent immune effector reaction, including fixing complements, inducing @entity5 and phagocytosis, and therefore has been called 'blocking antibody'. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: Eighty-eight @entity0 placentas, four trophoblast cell lines ( @entity11 -1, JAR, JEG and BeWo), primary culture of @entity0 placental trophoblasts and a gene knock-out @entity2 model were investigated in this study. @entity0 /MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS: The general approach included the techniques of cell culture, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, immuno-electron microscopy, western blot, quantitative PCR, protein isolation, glycosylation analysis, enzyme digestion, gene sequencing, mass spectrophotometry, laser-guided microdissection, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, pulse chase assay, double and multiple staining to analyze protein and DNA and RNA analysis at the cellular and molecular levels. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE: Three major discoveries were made: (i) placental trophoblasts and endothelial cells are capable of producing IgG, a significant portion of which is aberrantly glycosylated at one of its @entity8 arms to form aIgG; (ii) the asymmetrically glycosylated IgG produced by trophoblasts and endothelial cells can react to immunoglobulin molecules of @entity0 , @entity3 , @entity2 , @entity7 and @entity4 at the Fc portion; (iii) asymmetrically glycosylated IgG can react to certain leukocytes in the membrane and cytoplasm, while symmetric IgG from the placenta does not have this property. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION: Most of the experiments were performed in vitro. The proposed mechanism calls for verification in normal and abnormal pregnancy. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS: This study identified a number of new phenomena suggesting that aIgG produced by the placenta would be able to react to detrimental antibodies and leukocytes and interfere with their immune reactions against the placenta and the fetus. This opens a new dimension for further studies on pregnancy physiology and immunology. Should the mechanism proposed here be confirmed, it will have a direct impact on our understanding of the physiology and pathology of @entity0 reproduction and offer new possibilities for the treatment of many diseases including spontaneous @entity10 , @entity6 and @entity9 . It also sheds light on the mechanism of immune evasion in general including that of @entity1 . STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS: Funded by the Li KaShing Foundation and the National Natural Science Foundation to Jiang Gu, grant no. 30971150 and 81030033. There is no competing interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: N/A.

title: XXXX fragment glycosylated IgG may play a central role in placental immune evasion.

answer: @entity8


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Bacterial toxins require localization to specific intracellular compartments following injection into host cells. In this study, we examine the membrane targeting of a broad family of bacterial proteins, the patatin-like phospholipases. The best-characterized member of this family is ExoU, an effector of the @entity1 type III secretion system. Upon injection into host cells, ExoU localizes to the plasma membrane, where it uses its phospholipase A2 activity to lyse infected cells. The targeting mechanism of ExoU is poorly characterized, but it was recently found to bind to the phospholipid @entity2 (PI(4,5)P2), a marker for the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells. We confirmed that the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) of ExoU had direct affinity for PI(4,5)P2 and determined that this binding was required for ExoU localization. Previously uncharacterized ExoU homologs from @entity4 and @entity5 also localized to the plasma membrane and required PI(4,5)P2 for this localization. A conserved @entity0 within the @entity3 was critical for interaction of each protein with PI(4,5)P2 and for localization. Further, we determined the crystal structure of the full-length @entity4 ExoU and found that it was similar to that of @entity1 ExoU. Each @entity3 contains a four-helical bundle, with the conserved @entity0 exposed at its cap to allow for interaction with the negatively charged PI(4,5)P2. Overall, these findings provide a structural explanation for the targeting of patatin-like phospholipases to the plasma membrane and define the @entity3 of ExoU as a member of a new class of PI(4,5)P2 binding domains.

title: A Novel XXXX Binding Domain Mediates Plasma Membrane Localization of ExoU and Other Patatin-like Phospholipases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) mediate fast synaptic transmission in the CNS. Typically, these membrane proteins are multimeric complexes associating several homologous subunits around a central pore. Because of the large repertoire of subunits within each family, LGICs exist in vivo as multiple subtypes that differ in subunit composition and functional properties. Establishing the specific properties of individual receptor subtypes remains a major @entity3 and molecular pharmacology. However, isolating specific receptor subtype in recombinant systems can be problematic because of the mixture of receptor populations. This is the case for @entity1 receptors (NMDARs), a large family of tetrameric @entity4 -gated ion channels that play key roles in brain physiology and pathology. A significant fraction of native NMDARs are triheteromers composed of two @entity6 subunits and two different GluN2 subunits ( @entity7 -D). We developed a method based on dual retention signals adapted from G-protein-coupled @entity2 -B receptors allowing exclusive cell surface expression of triheteromeric @entity0 NMDARs while coexpressed diheteromeric receptors (which contain a single type of GluN2 subunit) are retained intracellularly. Using this approach, we determined the functional properties of @entity6 / @entity7 / @entity5 triheteromers, one of the most abundant NMDAR subtypes in the adult forebrain, revealing their unique gating and pharmacological attributes. We envision applicability of the retention signal approach for the study of a variety of heteromeric @entity4 -gated ion channel receptors with defined subunit composition.

title: Controlling XXXX Receptor Subunit Composition Using Ectopic Retention Signals.

answer: @entity1


abstract: 5-Fluorouracile, @entity3 , @entity4 , and @entity5 (FOLFIRINOX) has not been extensively used in the neoadjuvant setting because of concerns with safety and @entity1 . We evaluated our institutional experience with neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX in borderline resectable @entity2 (BRPAC). The primary endpoints were completion of therapy to surgery and negative resection margin (R0) rate. @entity0 with BRPAC treated with neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX were retrospectively analyzed. Between August 2011 and September 2013, 20 @entity0 with BRPAC treated with neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX were identified.Most @entity0 (88.8%) completed FOLFIRINOX therapy and underwent resection. Abutment of venous structures was identified in 13 cases (72.2%), while short segment portal vein encasement in 3 cases (16.6%) with concomitant arterial involvement in 3 cases (16.6%). Isolated superior mesenteric artery abutment was identified in 2 cases (11.2%). @entity0 received a median of 4 cycles of FOLFIRINOX. There was 1 case of progression. Vascular resection was performed in 9 cases (52.9%). Preoperative radiation therapy was used in 8 @entity0 (44%). All @entity0 underwent margin negative resection (R0). Histopathologic treatment response was evident in 10 cases (58.8%).Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX was generally safe and the expected @entity1 did not prevent surgery allowing for a high rate of R0 resection.

title: Neoadjuvant FOLFIRINOX Application in Borderline Resectable XXXX : A Retrospective Cohort Study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: The efficiency of two cell types, namely adult fibroblasts, and @entity0 ( @entity0 ) cells as nuclear donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer by hand-made cloning in buffalo ( @entity1 ) was compared. The in vitro expanded buffalo adult fibroblast cells showed a typical "S" shape growth curve with a doubling time of 40.8  h and stained positive for @entity4 . The in vitro cultured undifferentiated @entity0 cells showed a doubling time of 33.2  h and stained positive for alkaline phosphatase, these cells were also found positive for undifferentiated embryonic stem cell markers like @entity2 , @entity3 and SOX-2, which accentuate their pluripotent property. Further, when @entity0 cells were exposed to corresponding induction conditions, these cells differentiated into osteogenic, adipogenic and chondrogenic lineages which was confirmed through alizaran, oil red O and alcian blue staining, respectively. Cultured adult fibroblasts and @entity0 cells of passages 10-15 and 8-12, respectively, were used as nuclear donors. A total of 94 embryos were reconstructed using adult fibroblast as donor cells with cleavage and blastocyst production rate of 62.8      1.8 and 19.1      1.5, respectively. An overall cleavage and blastocyst formation rate of 71.1      1.2 and 29.9      2.2 was obtained when 97 embryos were reconstructed using @entity0 cells as donor cells. There were no significant differences (P  >  0.05) in reconstructed efficiency between the cloned embryos derived from two donor cells, whereas the results showed that there were significant differences (P  <  0.05) in cleavage and blastocyst rates between the cloned embryos derived from two donor cell groups. Average total cell numbers for blastocyst generated using @entity0 cells (172.4      5.8) was significantly (P  <  0.05) higher than from adult fibroblasts (148.2      6.1). This study suggests that the in vitro developmental potential of the cloned embryos derived from @entity0 cells were higher than that of the cloned embryos derived from adult fibroblasts in buffalo hand-made cloning.

title: A comparative study on efficiency of adult fibroblasts and amniotic fluid-derived stem cells as donor cells for production of hand-made cloned buffalo ( XXXX ) embryos.

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIM: Cognitive and functioning impairments are present early in the course of @entity3 and remain one of the greatest treatment challenges. Cognitive adaptation training (CAT) is a compensatory approach to psychosocial intervention that is underpinned by a model that incorporates the role of cognition in daily functioning. CAT has established effectiveness in chronic @entity1 but has received limited investigation in first-episode @entity2 (FEP). The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of CAT in young @entity0 with FEP. METHODS: This was a single-arm feasibility study of CAT conducted at the Early Psychosis Prevention and Intervention Centre, Melbourne, Australia. Five FEP @entity0 received manually guided CAT from a fully trained CAT therapist. A range of feasibility and acceptability measures were recorded throughout the study, including @entity0 and case manager satisfaction ratings. RESULTS: All @entity0 completed the CAT intervention and session attendance rates were very high (95.3%). @entity0 and their case managers indicated strong satisfaction with CAT as indicated by positive mean ratings on all satisfaction items, although there was a greater range in the @entity0 ratings. Importantly, CAT did not have a negative effect on existing case management, with case managers reporting that CAT enhanced their treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides evidence that CAT is a highly feasible and acceptable intervention in FEP, which may be easily integrated within existing services. The effectiveness of CAT in improving functional outcomes in FEP is worthy of investigation in a larger trial.

title: Feasibility and acceptability of cognitive adaptation training for first-episode XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE:        To compare performance of three continence management devices and absorbent pads used by @entity0 with persistent @entity3 (> 1yr) post treatment for @entity2 .        @entity0 and Methods        Randomised, controlled trial of 56 @entity0 with one year follow up.        Three devices were tested for three weeks each: sheath drainage system, body-worn urinal, penile clamp. Device and pad performance were assessed.        Quality of life (QOL) was measured at baseline and follow-up with the King's Health Questionnaire.        Stated (intended use) and revealed (actual use) preference for products was assessed        Value-for-money was gathered. RESULTS: Substantial and significant differences in performance were found:        Sheath: good for extended use (e.g. golf and travel) when pad changing is difficult. Good for keeping skin dry, not leaking, not smelling and convenient for storage and travel;        Body-worn urinal: generally rated worse than the sheath and was mainly used for similar activities but by @entity0 who could not use a sheath (e.g. retracted penis); not good for seated activities.        Clamp: good for short vigorous activities like swimming/exercise. Most secure, least likely to leak, most discreet but almost all @entity0 described it as uncomfortable or @entity1 .        Pads: good for everyday activities and best for night-time use. Most easy to use, comfortable when dry but most likely to leak and most uncomfortable when wet.        A preference for having a mixture of products to meet daytime needs; around two thirds of @entity0 were using a combination of pads and devices after testing compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS:        This is the first trial to systematically compare different continence management devices for @entity0        Pads and devices have different strengths which make them particularly suited to certain circumstances and activities.        Most @entity0 prefer to use pads at night but would choose a mixture of pads and devices during the day.        Device limitations were important but may be overcome by better design.

title: A trial of devices for @entity3 following treatment for XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE:        To compare performance of three continence management devices and absorbent pads used by @entity0 with persistent @entity3 (> 1yr) post treatment for @entity2 .        @entity0 and Methods        Randomised, controlled trial of 56 @entity0 with one year follow up.        Three devices were tested for three weeks each: sheath drainage system, body-worn urinal, penile clamp. Device and pad performance were assessed.        Quality of life (QOL) was measured at baseline and follow-up with the King's Health Questionnaire.        Stated (intended use) and revealed (actual use) preference for products was assessed        Value-for-money was gathered. RESULTS: Substantial and significant differences in performance were found:        Sheath: good for extended use (e.g. golf and travel) when pad changing is difficult. Good for keeping skin dry, not leaking, not smelling and convenient for storage and travel;        Body-worn urinal: generally rated worse than the sheath and was mainly used for similar activities but by @entity0 who could not use a sheath (e.g. retracted penis); not good for seated activities.        Clamp: good for short vigorous activities like swimming/exercise. Most secure, least likely to leak, most discreet but almost all @entity0 described it as uncomfortable or @entity1 .        Pads: good for everyday activities and best for night-time use. Most easy to use, comfortable when dry but most likely to leak and most uncomfortable when wet.        A preference for having a mixture of products to meet daytime needs; around two thirds of @entity0 were using a combination of pads and devices after testing compared to baseline. CONCLUSIONS:        This is the first trial to systematically compare different continence management devices for @entity0        Pads and devices have different strengths which make them particularly suited to certain circumstances and activities.        Most @entity0 prefer to use pads at night but would choose a mixture of pads and devices during the day.        Device limitations were important but may be overcome by better design.

title: A trial of devices for XXXX following treatment for @entity2 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Rehabilitation is the predominant post-acute treatment for @entity0 with @entity2 ( @entity2 ). We retrospectively evaluated the effectiveness of post-acute @entity2 rehabilitation by comparing outcome measures and life care cost with that of @entity0 with @entity1 ( @entity1 ) who underwent a multidisciplinary rehabilitation program within the same facility. To better assess the effects of rehabilitation, we only included @entity0 with no benefit limitations from the insurance carrier. Functional effectiveness was determined by comparing outcome scales, which included the Disability Rating Scale, Mayo Portland Inventory, Occupational Status Scale, Living Status Scale, and the Centre for Neuro Skills Scale. Cost-effectiveness was determined by having certified life care planners create separate cost projections from the admission and discharge @entity0 files. This allowed us to compare cost projections with and without rehabilitation for each @entity0 . Significant decreases in the cost projections, i.e., rehabilitation savings (RS), were found after rehabilitation for @entity2 . These RS were equivalent to those of @entity0 with @entity1 . Likewise, equivalent improvements were found on all of the outcome scales for both @entity3 groups. We also evaluated if the latency from @entity2 to admission in the rehabilitation program had an influence on outcome. Cost and functional effectiveness was more marked when rehabilitation was initiated within the first year after @entity2 . The effects of age of @entity2 were also evaluated. Although RS were most marked in younger @entity0 , improvements in outcome measures were observed in all age groups after post-acute rehabilitation.

title: Post-Acute XXXX Rehabilitation: Effects on Outcome Measures and Life Care Costs.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Advanced @entity6 (ACA) refers to @entity4 with the following predictive characteristics:  >= 1 cm in diameter, and/or villous component, and/or high-grade @entity5 . ACA has high risk of transforming to @entity2 , and the recurrence rate is relatively high. OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcomes of @entity0 with ACA undergoing endoscopic resection and to identify risk factors for local recurrence and development of metachronous advanced @entity1 . DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Tertiary care medical center. @entity0 : From 2005 to 2011, the records of 3625 @entity0 who underwent colonoscopic polypectomy at Seoul National University Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. @entity0 with synchronous @entity2 , @entity3 , previous colorectal resection, loss to follow-up, and incomplete resection were excluded. INTERVENTION: Endoscopic resection for ACA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Local recurrence and metachronous advanced @entity1 . RESULTS: The study included 917 @entity0 with 1206 ACAs. The median duration of follow-up was 28.5 months (interquartile range, 12.8-51.7). Independent risk factors for local recurrence included ACA with 2 or more predictive characteristics (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-5.48; P  = .027) and piecemeal resection (adjusted HR, 6.96; 95% CI, 1.58-30.71; P  = .010). Independent risk factors for metachronous advanced @entity1 were male gender (adjusted HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.02-2.65; P  = .041),  >= 3 @entity4 (adjusted HR, 2.56; 95% CI, 1.72-3.82; P  < .001), and  >= 3 ACAs (adjusted HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.01-2.06; P  = .045). LIMITATIONS: Retrospective design. CONCLUSION: ACAs with 2 or more predictive characteristics recurred locally at a higher rate than ACAs with 1 predictive characteristic. These results suggest that @entity0 who are found to have ACAs with 2 or more predictive factors at index colonoscopy are at higher risk for local recurrence, and follow-up colonoscopy should be performed sooner.

title: Novel risk stratification for recurrence after endoscopic resection of advanced XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Dammarane steroids (DS) are a class of chemical compounds present in @entity8 . Here, we evaluated the effect of 10 weeks of DS supplementation on inflammatory modulation in the soleus muscle following eccentric exercise (EE)-induced @entity3 (downhill running). Eighty @entity1 were randomized into 4 groups of DS supplementation (saline, 20, 60, 120 mg/kg body weight). Inflammatory markers were measured at rest and again 1 h after EE. At rest, @entity10 signaling, @entity5 and @entity4 mRNAs, @entity7 , @entity6 peroxidase, and GCS (glutamylcysteine synthetase) levels were significantly elevated in the skeletal muscle of DS-treated @entity1 in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, there were no detectable increases in the number of @entity2 muscle fibers or @entity11 + M1 macrophages. However, muscle strength, centronucleation, @entity9 mRNA expression, and the number of CD163+ M2 macrophages increased significantly over controls with DS treatment in @entity1 soleus muscle. Under EE-challenged conditions, significant increases in muscle fiber @entity2 , @entity11 + M1 macrophage distribution, and @entity7 were absent in @entity1 that received low and medium doses (20 and 60 mg/kg) of DS treatment, suggesting that DS possess anti-inflammatory action protecting against a muscle-damaging challenge. However, this protective activity was diminished when a high dose of DS (120 mg/kg) was administered, suggesting that DS possess hormetic properties. In conclusion, our study provides new evidence suggesting that DS is an ergogenic component of @entity8 that potentiate @entity0 at baseline but that produce anti-inflammatory effects on skeletal muscle following muscle-damaging exercise. Furthermore, high doses should be avoided in formulating @entity8 -based products.

title: Decreased eccentric exercise-induced macrophage infiltration in skeletal muscle after supplementation with a class of XXXX -derived steroids.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The zygomatic gland of the cat consists of at least two parts, separated by a septum, and each drains by a separate duct opening on a mucosal ridge postero-medial to the parotid orifice. It is composed on thin-walled ducts and tubulo-acini, containing mainly mucous cells, but scattered cap cells are also present. In @entity1 under @entity4 anaesthesia there is a spontaneous @entity0 and often, in addition, there is a reflexly elicited component to the secretion. In fact, in contrast to the other major salivary glands, the zygomatic gland is easily made to secrete reflexly even in deep] anaesthesia, e.g. by pinching ipsilateral parts of the tongue, by stimulation of the oesophagus mimicking swallowing, or by afferent excitation of @entity5 . The efferent link of the reflex arc is contained in the buccal branch of the mandibular nerve. Section of this nerve abolishes these reflexes, and two weeks later a great loss of acetylcholinesterase positive nerves can be demonstrated in the gland. Efferent stimulation of the buccal nerve evokes a lively secretion that is not affected by @entity3 but is abolished by @entity2 . Histochemically, adrenergic nerves are also found surrounding the acini and these nerves disappear after excision of the superior cervical ganglion. Electrical stimulation of the cervical sympathetic trunk causes some secretion, mainly by way of beta 1-adrenoreceptors. Myoepithelial cells are present around the tubulo-acini, and indications of the effect caused by their contraction on the flow from the glands have been observed. Such activity can be induced reflexly and it is then abolished by cutting the buccal nerve or by injecting @entity2 .

title: Functional and structural studies concerning the control of activity in zygomatic glands of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Somatostatin receptor imaging with @entity3 PET/CT (DOTATATE) is increasingly used for managing @entity0 with @entity2 . The objective of this study was to determine referring physicians' perspectives on the impact of DOTATATE on the management of @entity2 . METHODS: A set of 2 questionnaires (pre-PET and post-PET) was sent to the referring physicians of 100 consecutive @entity0 with known or suspected @entity2 , who were evaluated with DOTATATE. Questionnaires on 88 @entity0 were returned (response rate, 88%). Referring physicians categorized the DOTATATE findings on the basis of the written PET reports as negative, positive, or equivocal for disease. The likelihood for @entity1 was scored as low, moderate, or high. The intended management before and changes as a consequence of the PET study were indicated. RESULTS: The indications for PET/CT were initial and subsequent treatment strategy assessments in 14% and 86% of @entity0 , respectively. Referring physicians reported that DOTATATE led to a change in suspicion for @entity1 in 21 @entity0 (24%; increased and decreased suspicion in 9 [10%] and 12 [14%] @entity0 , respectively). Intended management changes were reported in 53 of 88 (60%) @entity0 . Twenty @entity0 (23%) scheduled to undergo chemotherapy were switched to treatments without chemotherapy, and 6 (7%) were switched from watch-and-wait to other treatment strategies. Conversely, 5 @entity0 (6%) were switched from their initial treatment strategy to watch-and-wait. CONCLUSION: This survey of referring physicians demonstrates a substantial impact of DOTATATE on the intended management of @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Impact of XXXX PET/CT on the @entity2 : The Referring Physician's Perspective.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Somatostatin receptor imaging with @entity3 PET/CT (DOTATATE) is increasingly used for managing @entity0 with @entity2 . The objective of this study was to determine referring physicians' perspectives on the impact of DOTATATE on the management of @entity2 . METHODS: A set of 2 questionnaires (pre-PET and post-PET) was sent to the referring physicians of 100 consecutive @entity0 with known or suspected @entity2 , who were evaluated with DOTATATE. Questionnaires on 88 @entity0 were returned (response rate, 88%). Referring physicians categorized the DOTATATE findings on the basis of the written PET reports as negative, positive, or equivocal for disease. The likelihood for @entity1 was scored as low, moderate, or high. The intended management before and changes as a consequence of the PET study were indicated. RESULTS: The indications for PET/CT were initial and subsequent treatment strategy assessments in 14% and 86% of @entity0 , respectively. Referring physicians reported that DOTATATE led to a change in suspicion for @entity1 in 21 @entity0 (24%; increased and decreased suspicion in 9 [10%] and 12 [14%] @entity0 , respectively). Intended management changes were reported in 53 of 88 (60%) @entity0 . Twenty @entity0 (23%) scheduled to undergo chemotherapy were switched to treatments without chemotherapy, and 6 (7%) were switched from watch-and-wait to other treatment strategies. Conversely, 5 @entity0 (6%) were switched from their initial treatment strategy to watch-and-wait. CONCLUSION: This survey of referring physicians demonstrates a substantial impact of DOTATATE on the intended management of @entity0 with @entity2 .

title: Impact of @entity3 PET/CT on the XXXX : The Referring Physician's Perspective.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Open fibrin gluing is reported to enable anatomical reconstruction with less soft tissue compromise than suture repair. Our main objective was to compare the complication rate, function, @entity4 and disability of the two operative approaches of percutaneous suture using the Paessler technique and open fibrin gluing. METHODS: Sixty-four @entity0 (two centres, retrospective cohort study, 2000-2009) who had undergone acute Achilles tendon repair with either percutaneous suture (n   =   27; 44  years) or open fibrin glue (n   =   37; 45  years) took part in a follow-up examination after a median of 63  months (range, six to 180). Ankle range of motion, @entity6 and ankle circumferences and return to work and sports activities were evaluated. Isokinetic und sonographic evaluation results were retrieved. RESULTS: Complications were noted in 22 @entity0 (34  %). Delayed @entity3 without evidence of @entity5 was found in three @entity0 in the fibrin group and two @entity0 in the suture group. @entity2 tenderness described as @entity4 at the rim of the shoe was significantly more frequent in the suture group (p   =   0.03). Re-rupture requiring re-operation occurred in one @entity0 . Transient @entity8 of the heel occurred in 12 @entity0 . No @entity1 were reported. There was no significant difference between groups regarding lower leg circumference, disability, or function. Ultrasound and isokinetic measurements did not reveal a significant difference between the two methods. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that open fibrin gluing is a reasonable alternative to percutaneous repair of acute @entity7 and both techniques can yield reliably good results.

title: Is percutaneous suturing superior to open fibrin gluing in acute XXXX ?

answer: @entity7


abstract: A preparation for estimations of rates of secretion of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in conscious @entity1 is described. The procedure involved surgical isolation of a thyroid with its indwelling parathyroid gland, leaving the blood supply intact. Permanent access to the arterial and venous supplies of the preparation was secured by exteriorization of the jugular vein and carotid artery in skin-covered loops. The remaining parathyroids were removed leaving the isolated parathyroid gland as the only source of the hormone. For the seven @entity1 operated on, the preparation has worked satisfactorily from the start in five and also in the remaining two after a reoperation to cut an accessory venous drainage. The loops have been catheterized repeatedly for extended periods of time and the preparation has proved useful for periods of up to 3 years. Secretion of @entity2 was measured in one @entity1 at two consecutive parturitions. In late pregnancy, secretion rates of 0.7-0.9 ng/kg per min were observed when the dietary @entity0 intake was adequate. In the first weeks of lactation, secretion increased to 1.2-1.5 ng/kg per min when the intake of @entity0 was adequate and to 2.0-2.2 ng/kg per min when @entity0 intake was inadequate. Reductions in @entity0 intake led to increased rates of secretion of @entity2 both during pregnancy and during lactation. The results indicate that the preparation may be useful in the study of changes in @entity2 secretion both acutely and in connection with long-term studies of dietary adaptations of the @entity0 metabolism.

title: A permanent preparation allowing measurements of secretion of @entity2 in conscious XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: A preparation for estimations of rates of secretion of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) in conscious @entity1 is described. The procedure involved surgical isolation of a thyroid with its indwelling parathyroid gland, leaving the blood supply intact. Permanent access to the arterial and venous supplies of the preparation was secured by exteriorization of the jugular vein and carotid artery in skin-covered loops. The remaining parathyroids were removed leaving the isolated parathyroid gland as the only source of the hormone. For the seven @entity1 operated on, the preparation has worked satisfactorily from the start in five and also in the remaining two after a reoperation to cut an accessory venous drainage. The loops have been catheterized repeatedly for extended periods of time and the preparation has proved useful for periods of up to 3 years. Secretion of @entity2 was measured in one @entity1 at two consecutive parturitions. In late pregnancy, secretion rates of 0.7-0.9 ng/kg per min were observed when the dietary @entity0 intake was adequate. In the first weeks of lactation, secretion increased to 1.2-1.5 ng/kg per min when the intake of @entity0 was adequate and to 2.0-2.2 ng/kg per min when @entity0 intake was inadequate. Reductions in @entity0 intake led to increased rates of secretion of @entity2 both during pregnancy and during lactation. The results indicate that the preparation may be useful in the study of changes in @entity2 secretion both acutely and in connection with long-term studies of dietary adaptations of the @entity0 metabolism.

title: A permanent preparation allowing measurements of secretion of XXXX in conscious @entity1 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Venous problems are the most frequent causes of flap failure and surgical revision in free flap surgery. Double venous @entity1 can be used to improve flap drainage, but this procedure has not been adopted universally and remains controversial. The authors evaluated the benefits of double venous @entity1 in terms of @entity0 rate, surgical revision of flaps, and flap failure rate. METHODS: A systematic literature review was conducted searching the MEDLINE, PubMed Central, Cochrane, and Embase databases for articles published between 1996 and July of 2014. Data analysis consisted of evaluating the pooled relative risks of single and double venous anastomoses in fixed and random-effects models. RESULTS: The final analysis included 27 articles involving 6842 flaps. The overall success rate was 97.48 percent. @entity3 was performed in 4591 flaps versus two anastomoses in 2251 flaps. The failure rate was 3.1 percent for single @entity1 versus 1.3 percent for double @entity1 (OR, 0.511; 95 percent CI, 0.349 to 0.747; p = 0.001). The respective @entity2 rates were 3.1 percent versus 2.3 percent (OR, 0.586; 95 percent CI, 0.390 to 0.880; p = 0.010). In addition, more single venous anastomoses were revised: 7.7 percent versus 6 percent (OR, 0.601; 95 percent CI, 0.469 to 0.770; p < 0.0001). Stratified analysis by flap type did not show any significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: Although the physiologic mechanisms remain poorly understood, the data strongly support double venous @entity1 , considering the reduction in flap failure, microsurgical @entity0 , and surgical revision. The authors recommend double @entity1 whenever it is feasible in free flap surgery. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, IV.

title: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Double XXXX in Free Flaps.

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Immunotherapy is a standard of care for @entity0 with high-risk @entity3 , where bone marrow (BM) is the predominant metastatic site. Early response markers of @entity1 ( @entity1 ) in the BM that are also predictive of survival could help individualize @entity0 therapies. @entity0 AND METHODS: After achieving first remission (n = 163), primary @entity2 (n = 102), or second remission (n = 95), @entity0 with stage 4 @entity3 received anti-GD2 3F8 antibody immunotherapy. BM @entity1 before 3F8 treatment and after cycle 2 (postMRD) was measured using a four-marker panel ( @entity8 , @entity6 , @entity5 , and @entity7 ) by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Progression-free survival (PFS) and @entity4 ( @entity4 ) were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Prognostic variables were tested in both univariable and multivariable analyses, and @entity1 markers were further assessed individually and in combination as binary composite (postMRD: 0 and 1) and as equal sum (postMRDSum: 0 to 4) using the Cox regression models, and their predictive accuracy was determined by the concordance index. RESULTS: When BM was evaluated after cycle 2, individual markers were highly predictive of PFS and @entity4 . The prediction accuracy improved when they were combined in postMRDSum. A multivariable model taking into account all the variables significant in the univariable analyses identified postMRDSum to be independently predictive of PFS and @entity4 . When the model for @entity4 also included missing killer immunoglobulin-like receptor ligand, human antimouse antibody response, and the enrollment disease status, the concordance index was 0.704. CONCLUSION: BM @entity1 after two cycles of immunotherapy was confirmed as an early response marker and a consistent independent predictor of survival.

title: Bone Marrow Minimal XXXX Was an Early Response Marker and a Consistent Independent Predictor of Survival After Anti-GD2 Immunotherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: Objective: @entity2 ( @entity2 ) frequently results in @entity3 causing significant disabilities in daily life and is therefore a critical target for cognitive rehabilitation. Current understanding of brain plasticity has led to novel insights in remediation-oriented approaches for the rehabilitation of @entity3 . We will describe 3 of these approaches that have emerged in the last decade: Virtual Reality (VR) training, Computer-Based Cognitive Retraining (CBCR) and @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and evaluate its effectiveness. Methods: A systematic literature search was completed in regard to studies evaluating interventions aiming to improve the memory function after @entity2 . Information concerning study content and reported effectiveness were extracted. Quality of the studies and methods were evaluated. Results: A total of 786 studies were identified, 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. Three of those studies represent the VR technique, 7 studies represent CBCR and 5 studies @entity1 . All 3 studies found a significant improvement of the memory function after VR-based training, however these studies are considered preliminary. All 7 studies have shown that CBCR can be effective in improving memory function in @entity0 suffering from @entity2 . Four studies of the 5 did not find significant improvement of the memory function after the use of @entity1 in @entity2 @entity0 . Conclusion: On the basis of this review, CBCR is considered the most promising novel approach of the last decade because of the positive results in improving memory function post @entity2 . The number of studies representing VR were limited and the methodological quality low, therefore the results should be considered preliminary. The studies representing @entity1 did not detect evidence for the use of @entity1 in improving memory function.

title: Novel insights into the rehabilitation of memory post acquired XXXX : a systematic review.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Prospective randomized data for comparison of endoscopic and open decompression methods are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To compare the long- and short-term results of endoscopic and open decompression in @entity3 . METHODS: In a prospective randomized double-blind study, 54 @entity0 underwent ulnar nerve decompression for 56 @entity3 from October 2008 to April 2011. All @entity0 presented with typical clinical and neurophysiological findings and underwent preoperative nerve ultrasonography. They were randomized for either endoscopic (n = 29) or open (n = 27) surgery. Both @entity0 and the physician performing the follow-up examinations were blinded. The follow-up took place 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. The severity of symptoms was measured by McGowan and Dellon Score, and the clinical outcome by modified Bishop Score. Additionally, the neurophysiological data were evaluated. RESULTS: No differences were found regarding clinical or neurophysiological outcome in both early and late follow-up between both groups. @entity1 were more frequent after endoscopic decompression (P = .05). The most frequent constrictions were found at the @entity2 ( @entity2 ) arch and the retrocondylar retinaculum. We found no compressing structures more than 4 cm distal from the sulcus in the endoscopic group. The outcome was classified as "good" or "excellent" in 46 out of 56 @entity0 (82.1%). Eight @entity0 did not improve sufficiently or had a relapse and underwent a second surgery. CONCLUSION: The endoscopic technique showed no additional benefits to open surgery. We could not detect relevant compressions distal to the @entity2 arch. Therefore, an extensive far distal endoscopic decompression is not routinely required. The open decompression remains the procedure of choice at our institution. ABBREVIATION: Dig, digitFCU, flexor carpi ulnarisNAS, numeric analog scale.

title: Endoscopic vs Open Decompression of the Ulnar Nerve in XXXX : A Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In @entity1 ( @entity1 ) @entity0 , @entity5 is rated as one of the most common and disabling symptoms. However, the pathophysiology underlying this @entity5 is not yet clear. Several lines of evidence suggest that immunological factors, such as elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, may contribute to subjective @entity5 in @entity1 @entity0 . Pro-inflammatory cytokines represent primary mediators of immune-to-brain-communication, modulating changes in the neurophysiology of the central nervous system. Recently, we proposed a model arguing that @entity5 in @entity1 @entity0 is a subjective feeling, which is related to @entity2 . Moreover, it implies that @entity5 can be measured behaviorally only by applying specific cognitive tasks related to alertness and vigilance. In the present review, we focus on the subjective feeling of @entity1 -related @entity5 . We examine the hypothesis that the subjective feeling of @entity1 -related @entity5 may be a variant of @entity2 -induced @entity4 , resulting from cytokine-mediated activity changes within brain areas involved in interoception and homeostasis including the insula, the anterior cingulate, and the hypothalamus. We first present studies demonstrating a relationship between pro-inflammatory cytokines and subjective @entity5 in healthy individuals, in @entity0 with @entity2 , and particularly in @entity1 @entity0 . Subsequently, we discuss studies analyzing the impact of anti-inflammatory treatment on @entity5 . In the next part of this review, we present studies on the transmission and neural representation of inflammatory signals, with a special focus on possible neural concomitants of @entity2 -induced @entity5 . We also present two of our studies on the relationship between local gray and @entity3 and @entity5 in @entity1 @entity0 . Finally, we discuss some implications of our findings and future perspectives.

title: The Representation of Inflammatory Signals in the Brain - A Model for Subjective Fatigue in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) refers to how rapidly an individual devalues goods based on delays to receipt. @entity0 usually is considered a trait variable but can be state dependent, yet few studies have assessed commodity valuation at short, naturalistically relevant time intervals that might enable state-dependent analysis. This study aimed to determine whether @entity1 and intelligence influence @entity3 @entity0 at short (ecologically relevant) delays during two pharmacological states ( @entity3 satiation and withdrawal). Out-of-treatment, intensive @entity3 users (n = 170; 53.5% African American; 66.7% male) provided complete @entity0 data during imagined @entity3 satiation and withdrawal. Delays were 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours; maximum delayed @entity3 amount was thirty  10 bags. Indifference points were used to calculate area under the curve (AUC). We also assessed @entity1 (subscales from the Impulsive Relapse Questionnaire [IRQ]) and estimated intelligence (Shipley IQ) as predictors of @entity0 . @entity3 discounting was greater (smaller AUC) during withdrawal than satiation. In regression analyses, lower intelligence and IRQ Capacity for Delay as well as higher IRQ Speed (to return to drug use) predicted greater @entity3 discounting in the satiation condition. Lower intelligence and higher IRQ Speed predicted greater discounting in the @entity2 . Sex, race, substance use variables, and other IRQ subscales were not significantly related to the withdrawal or satiation @entity0 behavior. In summary, @entity3 discounting was temporally rapid, pharmacologically state dependent, and predicted by @entity1 and estimated intelligence. These findings highlight a novel and sensitive measure of acute @entity0 that is easy to administer. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: @entity3 delay discounting: Modulation by pharmacological state, XXXX , and intelligence.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity0 ( @entity0 ) refers to how rapidly an individual devalues goods based on delays to receipt. @entity0 usually is considered a trait variable but can be state dependent, yet few studies have assessed commodity valuation at short, naturalistically relevant time intervals that might enable state-dependent analysis. This study aimed to determine whether @entity1 and intelligence influence @entity3 @entity0 at short (ecologically relevant) delays during two pharmacological states ( @entity3 satiation and withdrawal). Out-of-treatment, intensive @entity3 users (n = 170; 53.5% African American; 66.7% male) provided complete @entity0 data during imagined @entity3 satiation and withdrawal. Delays were 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours; maximum delayed @entity3 amount was thirty  10 bags. Indifference points were used to calculate area under the curve (AUC). We also assessed @entity1 (subscales from the Impulsive Relapse Questionnaire [IRQ]) and estimated intelligence (Shipley IQ) as predictors of @entity0 . @entity3 discounting was greater (smaller AUC) during withdrawal than satiation. In regression analyses, lower intelligence and IRQ Capacity for Delay as well as higher IRQ Speed (to return to drug use) predicted greater @entity3 discounting in the satiation condition. Lower intelligence and higher IRQ Speed predicted greater discounting in the @entity2 . Sex, race, substance use variables, and other IRQ subscales were not significantly related to the withdrawal or satiation @entity0 behavior. In summary, @entity3 discounting was temporally rapid, pharmacologically state dependent, and predicted by @entity1 and estimated intelligence. These findings highlight a novel and sensitive measure of acute @entity0 that is easy to administer. (PsycINFO Database Record

title: XXXX delay discounting: Modulation by pharmacological state, @entity1 , and intelligence.

answer: @entity3


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mutations of the @entity0 @entity2 gene are an extremely rare cause of normosmic idiopathic @entity3 (nIHH), with only 6 mutations so far described. @entity0 : As part of a larger study, families with @entity4 were screened for mutations in genes known to be associated with @entity4 . In family 1, a 15-year and 9-month-old @entity0 first presented during infancy with @entity5 and @entity1 . His pubic and axillary hair is at stage 4 and 2, respectively. His testes are 1 ml bilaterally, and his stretched penile length is 3.6 cm. In family 2, a 19-year and 2-month-old @entity0 was referred because of absence of secondary sexual characteristics. His 13-year and 8-month-old sister did not have any breast development. RESULTS: In 3 @entity0 from 2 independent families we identified @entity2 mutations. In the proband from family 1, a homozygous 1-base deletion ( @entity7 ) leading to a frameshift mutation (p.G29GfsX12) was identified. In family 2, the affected siblings had a novel homozygous mutation of @entity8 leading to @entity6 . CONCLUSION: Both mutations in these families are located in the region encoding the decapeptide and in the loci where the mutations have been described before. Therefore, these areas can be considered as mutational hot spots, indicating priority for routine diagnostic gene mutation analysis.

title: Complete @entity4 due to Homozygous XXXX Mutations in the Mutational Hot Spots in the Region Encoding the Decapeptide.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Mutations of the @entity0 @entity2 gene are an extremely rare cause of normosmic idiopathic @entity3 (nIHH), with only 6 mutations so far described. @entity0 : As part of a larger study, families with @entity4 were screened for mutations in genes known to be associated with @entity4 . In family 1, a 15-year and 9-month-old @entity0 first presented during infancy with @entity5 and @entity1 . His pubic and axillary hair is at stage 4 and 2, respectively. His testes are 1 ml bilaterally, and his stretched penile length is 3.6 cm. In family 2, a 19-year and 2-month-old @entity0 was referred because of absence of secondary sexual characteristics. His 13-year and 8-month-old sister did not have any breast development. RESULTS: In 3 @entity0 from 2 independent families we identified @entity2 mutations. In the proband from family 1, a homozygous 1-base deletion ( @entity7 ) leading to a frameshift mutation (p.G29GfsX12) was identified. In family 2, the affected siblings had a novel homozygous mutation of @entity8 leading to @entity6 . CONCLUSION: Both mutations in these families are located in the region encoding the decapeptide and in the loci where the mutations have been described before. Therefore, these areas can be considered as mutational hot spots, indicating priority for routine diagnostic gene mutation analysis.

title: Complete XXXX due to Homozygous @entity2 Mutations in the Mutational Hot Spots in the Region Encoding the Decapeptide.

answer: @entity4


abstract: We examined the effect of left atrial @entity0 on lung fluid and protein exchange in acutely prepared anesthetized @entity2 . The results were compared with those reported by Erdmann jet al. (Circ. Res. 37:271-284, 1975) in chronically instrumented conscious @entity2 . Animals were anesthetized with @entity3 and efferent duct of the caudal mediastinal node was cannulated. Pulmonary microvascular pressure ( @entity5 ) was elevated by raising left atrial pressure with a left @entity1 . For every elevation in @entity5 of 1 cm @entity4 pulmonary lymph flow (Qlym) increased by 0.5 ml/h. Increasing the @entity5 resulted in a linear decrease (p less than 0.05) in the ratio of lymph to plasma protein concentration as a result of a significant reduction in lymph protein concentration. Transvascular clearance of lymph proteins increased by 39% with a doubling of Qlym. The steady-state changes in pulmonary fluid and protein exchange induced by an increase in @entity5 in acutely prepared anesthetized @entity2 were the same as those observed by Erdmann et al. in chronically instrumented unanesthetized @entity2 , indicating that the acute preparation is equally reactive to increase in @entity5 and that the lung endothelial permeability is not increased.

title: Lung fluid and protein exchange in the acute XXXX preparation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: In the end of 2009, a large number of @entity0 with @entity1 undergoing chemotherapy at the day care unit of a private hospital in Mumbai, India developed @entity3 complex (BCC) blood stream infection (BSI). OBJECTIVE: The objectives were to identify the source of the outbreak and terminate the outbreak as rapidly as possible. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All infection control protocols and processes were reviewed. Intensive training was started for all nursing staff involved in @entity0 care. Cultures were sent from the environment (surfaces, water, air), intravenous fluids, disinfectants and antiseptics and opened/unopened medication. RESULTS: A total of 13 @entity0 with @entity1 with tunneled catheters were affected with BCC BSI. The isolates were of similar antimicrobial sensitivity. No significant @entity2 control protocols could be identified. Cultures from the prepared intravenous medication bags grew BCC. Subsequently, culture from unused vials of the antiemetic granisetron grew BCC, whereas those from the unopened IV fluid bag and chemotherapy medication were negative. On review, it was discovered that the outbreak started when a new brand of granisetron was introduced. The result was communicated to the manufacturer and the brand was withdrawn. There were no further cases. CONCLUSIONS: This outbreak was thus linked to intrinsic contamination of medication vials. We acknowledge a delay in identifying the source as we were concentrating more on @entity0 errors in medication preparation and less on intrinsic contamination. We recommend that in an event of an outbreak, unopened vials be cultured at the outset.

title: Outbreak of XXXX complex bacteremia in a chemotherapy day care unit due to intrinsic contamination of an antiemetic drug.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity2 scores and assess efficacy between an adjustable single-incision sling and a standard transobturator sling for stress @entity3 (SUI). METHODS: This single-blinded randomized controlled trial involved 156 @entity0 with clinically proven SUI. @entity0 were allocated to receive either an adjustable single-incision or a transobturator sling. The primary outcome was @entity2 score on a visual analog scale. Secondary outcomes were objective and subjective cure rates at 12 months, symptom bother scores, quality of life, and complications. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 score in the first week postoperatively was significantly lower at all time points in the adjustable single-incision sling group compared with the transobturator sling group. Maximum difference in @entity1 score was reported on the evening of the day of surgery; median @entity1 score was 1.0 (interquartile range 2.0) in the adjustable sling group and 3.0 (interquartile range 4.5) in the transobturator sling group (Mann Whitney U test P<.001). There was no statistical difference in analgesic use. The objective cure rates in the adjustable single-incision sling and in the transobturator sling group were 90.8% and 88.6% (P=.760), and the subjective cure rates were 77.2% and 72.9% (P=.577), respectively. No difference in the complication rate was found. CONCLUSION: An adjustable single-incision sling for the treatment of SUI is associated with lower early @entity2 scores but shows comparable cure rates with a transobturator at 12 months of follow-up. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Netherlands Trial Register, http://www.trialregister.nl, NTR: 2558. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: : I.

title: XXXX after adjustable single-incision or transobturator sling for @entity3 : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To compare @entity2 scores and assess efficacy between an adjustable single-incision sling and a standard transobturator sling for stress @entity3 (SUI). METHODS: This single-blinded randomized controlled trial involved 156 @entity0 with clinically proven SUI. @entity0 were allocated to receive either an adjustable single-incision or a transobturator sling. The primary outcome was @entity2 score on a visual analog scale. Secondary outcomes were objective and subjective cure rates at 12 months, symptom bother scores, quality of life, and complications. RESULTS: The mean @entity1 score in the first week postoperatively was significantly lower at all time points in the adjustable single-incision sling group compared with the transobturator sling group. Maximum difference in @entity1 score was reported on the evening of the day of surgery; median @entity1 score was 1.0 (interquartile range 2.0) in the adjustable sling group and 3.0 (interquartile range 4.5) in the transobturator sling group (Mann Whitney U test P<.001). There was no statistical difference in analgesic use. The objective cure rates in the adjustable single-incision sling and in the transobturator sling group were 90.8% and 88.6% (P=.760), and the subjective cure rates were 77.2% and 72.9% (P=.577), respectively. No difference in the complication rate was found. CONCLUSION: An adjustable single-incision sling for the treatment of SUI is associated with lower early @entity2 scores but shows comparable cure rates with a transobturator at 12 months of follow-up. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: Netherlands Trial Register, http://www.trialregister.nl, NTR: 2558. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: : I.

title: @entity2 after adjustable single-incision or transobturator sling for XXXX : a randomized controlled trial.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of critically ill pregnant and postpartum @entity0 with @entity1 reported in the 2013-2014 season. METHODS: The California Department of Public Health conducts surveillance for @entity0 with laboratory-confirmed @entity3 who die or require hospitalization in intensive care units. For this case series, we reviewed data on pregnant and postpartum (6 weeks or less from delivery) @entity0 reported in the 2013-2014 @entity3 season. RESULTS: From September 29, 2013, through May 17, 2014, 17 pregnant @entity0 with severe @entity3 were reported. The median age was 29 years (range 17-44 years). Sixteen (94%) were in the second or third trimester. Fifteen (88%) @entity0 were hospitalized, nine (53%) required mechanical ventilation, five (29%) required emergent cesarean delivery, and four (24%) died. Of 14 @entity0 with available information, only two (14%) received @entity3 vaccination during pregnancy. Seven @entity0 who tested positive by polymerase chain reaction also had rapid @entity3 diagnostic testing performed; only one (14%) had a positive rapid @entity3 diagnostic test results. Fifteen patients received antiviral treatment; four (27%) began treatment within 48 hours of symptom onset. One additional @entity0 was 36 days postpartum and required intensive care unit admission and mechanical ventilation for @entity3 -associated acute @entity2 . CONCLUSION: Influenza remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pregnant and postpartum @entity0 ; in our series, a majority were not vaccinated. During the @entity3 season, pregnant @entity0 with suspected @entity3 should receive prompt empiric antiviral therapy, regardless of rapid @entity3 diagnostic test results or vaccination status. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: : III.

title: Pregnancy and severe @entity1 in the 2013-2014 XXXX season.

answer: @entity3