abstract: There is evidence that 8q amplification is associated with poor prognosis in @entity2 . A previous comparative genomic hybridization analysis identified a critical region in chromosomal bands 8q11.2-q13. Using restriction landmark genomic scanning in combination with a virtual genome scan, we showed that this region is delineated by sequences within contig NT_008183 of chromosomal subbands 8q11.22-q11.23. A real-time PCR-based genomic copy number assay of 20 @entity2 revealed @entity1 in this critical chromosomal region in eight @entity0 . The expression of four genes and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) within this newly defined region was assayed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in four @entity0 with and six @entity0 without @entity1 . The @entity4 oncogene was found to be highly expressed in all but one @entity0 compared to normal liver tissue. Furthermore, quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the expression level of the developmentally regulated transcription factor @entity4 was 3-12 times greater in @entity0 and cell lines compared to age-matched normal liver and comparable to the expression in fetal liver tissue. @entity4 has been shown be a transcriptional activator of @entity3 in other @entity0 types. Using luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated that @entity4 transactivates transcription from the embryonic @entity3 promoter P3, also in @entity2 cell lines. Thus, our results provide evidence that @entity4 overexpression may be responsible for the frequently observed up-regulation of @entity3 in @entity2 and therefore may be implicated in the molecular pathogenesis of this childhood @entity0 .

title: Amplification and overexpression of the @entity3 regulator XXXX in @entity2 .

answer: @entity4


abstract: Compared to the femoral approach, the use of radial arterial access has been demonstrated to reduce the incidence of access site @entity3 complications in staged procedures. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical outcomes comparing radial and femoral approaches in the treatment of @entity4 with primary angioplasty and the @entity5 /IIIa inhibitor abciximab. Between 15 September 1999 and 15 September 2002, we prospectively enrolled 119 consecutive @entity0 undergoing primary angioplasty with abciximab comparing radial (n = 64) and femoral (n = 55) access. In this nonrandomized study, freedom from major @entity1 at 1-month follow-up occurred in 62 (97%) and 52 (94.5%) @entity0 in the radial and the femoral groups, respectively (P = 0.19). There were no major access site @entity3 complications in the radial group, as opposed to three (5.5%) in the femoral group (P = 0.03), all requiring transfusions, with surgical repair necessary in two. Uncomplicated clinical course occurred in 62 (97%) of @entity0 in the radial group and 49 (89%) in the femoral group (P = 0.04). Total hospital length of stay was significantly higher in the femoral group (5.9 +/- 2.1 vs. 4.5 +/- 1.2 days; P = 0.05). Cannulation time (from @entity0 arrival at the catheterization laboratory to the effective placement of @entity2 ) and procedural time were not significantly different in the radial and the femoral group (respectively 8.5 +/- 5.2 vs. 9.0 +/- 5.8 min, P = 0.81, and 42 +/- 28 vs. 44 +/- 27 min, P = 0.74). Nevertheless, time of radiation (23.1 +/- 11 vs. 16.5 +/- 10.9 min; P = 0.01) and dose-area product (28,616 +/- 16,571 vs. 18,819 +/- 10,739 R. cm2; P = 0.01) were significantly higher in the radial group. In @entity0 with @entity4 treated with primary angioplasty and abciximab, the transradial access is efficacious with fewer major access site complications than transfemoral access. Transradial approach produces a shorter length of stay, as compared to the transfemoral approach, although with longer times of radiation and higher dose-area product.

title: Comparison of transradial vs. transfemoral approach in the treatment of XXXX with primary angioplasty and abciximab.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The significance of prognostic value of DNA ploidy patterns of @entity2 has not yet been fully understood. The present study was designed to determine the prognostic value of DNA ploidy patterns for @entity2 after resection. METHODOLOGY: We have prospectively collected @entity1 specimens from 420 @entity0 with @entity2 since 1996. The DNA ploidy patterns were determined with the use of DNA flow cytometry. The correlation of DNA ploidy pattern and various characteristics of @entity1 and the prognostic significance of DNA ploidy patterns were evaluated by univariate as well as Cox's proportional hazard model. The disease-free survival curves were calculated with Kaplan-Meier's analysis, and the survival difference was determined by log-rank test. RESULTS: DNA ploidy patterns were diploid in 115 (27.4%) and aneuploid in 305 @entity0 (72.6%). The pattern of DNA ploidy did not correlate with age, gender, location, differentiation, and stage of the @entity1 . In 146 @entity0 who were followed up for at least 2 years, the disease-free survival curves were similar between the diploid and aneuploid group. Multivariate analysis disclosed that @entity1 staging was associated with the survival of @entity0 but the DNA ploidy pattern had no prognostic significance. CONCLUSIONS: The DNA ploidy pattern was not a significant prognostic factor in short-term follow-up.

title: Prognostic value of DNA ploidy patterns of XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The authors present the methods and results of treatment of @entity0 with @entity6 . METHODOLOGY: From a group of 15 @entity0 with @entity6 , treated in our department from January 1996 to September 2001, nine @entity0 (6 females and 3 males, aged from 23 to 45 years) were qualified for surgical or radiological treatment. In 3 of them the @entity6 resulted from untreated @entity7 . In the remaining 6 cases the etiology of @entity4 remained unknown. In four @entity0 with dominating portal @entity1 symptoms, a meso-caval H-type graft was created. Four @entity0 with severe @entity8 were qualified for orthotopic liver transplantation; all of them were transplanted. In 1 @entity0 a balloon dilatation of the right and middle hepatic veins orifices was performed during the diagnostic cavography. The follow-up period ranged from 4 months to 5 years. RESULTS: In 2 @entity0 with @entity6 of unknown etiology, the "H"-shunt remained patent, and the @entity0 were free of @entity5 and @entity2 . During the period of follow-up (more than 5 years) they remained free of symptoms and demonstrated acceptable liver function parameters. Doppler sonography revealed the partial recanalization of the venous system. In 2 polycythemic @entity0 , the shunt thrombosed, which was the indication for orthotopic liver transplantation in one of them. The transplantation was performed, but was unsuccessful because of hepatic graft artery @entity4 . The retransplantation in this case was also unsuccessful. The remaining 3 @entity0 transplanted for cryptogenic @entity6 are alive and well, 4, 5 and 11 months after orthotopic liver transplantation. In the @entity0 subjected to interventional radiological hepatic veins dilation, the vessels remain patent 26 months post-procedure. The @entity0 is free from @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: Shunt surgery and liver transplantation are the valuable methods of treatment in selected cases of @entity6 . In @entity0 with @entity7 , however, @entity4 may occur in spite of anticoagulant and chemotherapeutic treatment. @entity3 may appear an alternative to surgical treatment, but it seems that its indications should be limited to a highly selected group of @entity0 .

title: Surgical and interventional radiological treatment of XXXX : report of nine cases.

answer: @entity6


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite the availability of cellular markers associated with cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA repair, predictive factors for pathological complete response (CR) and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) are few in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity2 . This study evaluates the role of clinical and cellular markers in predicting CR and @entity10 in @entity0 with @entity2 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity0 were treated with infusional @entity8 and @entity11 combined with daily radiotherapy followed by esophagectomy. @entity1 (n = 54) were analyzed for @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity6 , and @entity5 expression by immunohistochemistry and for @entity7 mutations by direct DNA sequencing of exons 5-8. Clinical covariates included @entity0 ' age at enrollment; gender; Barrett's metaplasia; and @entity1 location, histology, and differentiation. Logistic regression and survival analyses were used to evaluate the predictors. RESULTS: Age ranged from 32 to 75 years; most @entity0 were male (45 male; 9 female); and @entity1 were distal (47 distal; 7 mid), @entity3 (41 @entity3 ; 13 @entity9 ), and moderately differentiated (33 moderate; 6 well; 15 poor). Female gender predicted CR (odds ratio 7.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-41). The @entity10 was 43% at 5 years. Presence of CR (P < 0.001 log rank) and @entity7 mutation (P = 0.051 log rank) correlated with increased @entity10 , whereas increased @entity4 expression predicted poor @entity10 (P = 0.009 log rank). @entity4 remained significant when adjusted for clinical covariates. There was a trend toward increased @entity10 related to @entity1 differentiation and decreased @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity4 and @entity7 mutation may be used as both outcome predictors and targets for molecular therapy for @entity2 .

title: @entity4 , XXXX mutation, and pathological response predict survival in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity2 treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

answer: @entity7


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite the availability of cellular markers associated with cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA repair, predictive factors for pathological complete response (CR) and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) are few in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity2 . This study evaluates the role of clinical and cellular markers in predicting CR and @entity10 in @entity0 with @entity2 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity0 were treated with infusional @entity8 and @entity11 combined with daily radiotherapy followed by esophagectomy. @entity1 (n = 54) were analyzed for @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity6 , and @entity5 expression by immunohistochemistry and for @entity7 mutations by direct DNA sequencing of exons 5-8. Clinical covariates included @entity0 ' age at enrollment; gender; Barrett's metaplasia; and @entity1 location, histology, and differentiation. Logistic regression and survival analyses were used to evaluate the predictors. RESULTS: Age ranged from 32 to 75 years; most @entity0 were male (45 male; 9 female); and @entity1 were distal (47 distal; 7 mid), @entity3 (41 @entity3 ; 13 @entity9 ), and moderately differentiated (33 moderate; 6 well; 15 poor). Female gender predicted CR (odds ratio 7.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-41). The @entity10 was 43% at 5 years. Presence of CR (P < 0.001 log rank) and @entity7 mutation (P = 0.051 log rank) correlated with increased @entity10 , whereas increased @entity4 expression predicted poor @entity10 (P = 0.009 log rank). @entity4 remained significant when adjusted for clinical covariates. There was a trend toward increased @entity10 related to @entity1 differentiation and decreased @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity4 and @entity7 mutation may be used as both outcome predictors and targets for molecular therapy for @entity2 .

title: @entity4 , @entity7 mutation, and pathological response predict survival in @entity0 with locally advanced XXXX treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

answer: @entity2


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite the availability of cellular markers associated with cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA repair, predictive factors for pathological complete response (CR) and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) are few in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity2 . This study evaluates the role of clinical and cellular markers in predicting CR and @entity10 in @entity0 with @entity2 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity0 were treated with infusional @entity8 and @entity11 combined with daily radiotherapy followed by esophagectomy. @entity1 (n = 54) were analyzed for @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity6 , and @entity5 expression by immunohistochemistry and for @entity7 mutations by direct DNA sequencing of exons 5-8. Clinical covariates included @entity0 ' age at enrollment; gender; Barrett's metaplasia; and @entity1 location, histology, and differentiation. Logistic regression and survival analyses were used to evaluate the predictors. RESULTS: Age ranged from 32 to 75 years; most @entity0 were male (45 male; 9 female); and @entity1 were distal (47 distal; 7 mid), @entity3 (41 @entity3 ; 13 @entity9 ), and moderately differentiated (33 moderate; 6 well; 15 poor). Female gender predicted CR (odds ratio 7.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-41). The @entity10 was 43% at 5 years. Presence of CR (P < 0.001 log rank) and @entity7 mutation (P = 0.051 log rank) correlated with increased @entity10 , whereas increased @entity4 expression predicted poor @entity10 (P = 0.009 log rank). @entity4 remained significant when adjusted for clinical covariates. There was a trend toward increased @entity10 related to @entity1 differentiation and decreased @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity4 and @entity7 mutation may be used as both outcome predictors and targets for molecular therapy for @entity2 .

title: XXXX , @entity7 mutation, and pathological response predict survival in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity2 treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: Despite the availability of cellular markers associated with cell cycle, apoptosis, and DNA repair, predictive factors for pathological complete response (CR) and @entity10 ( @entity10 ) are few in @entity0 with locally advanced @entity2 . This study evaluates the role of clinical and cellular markers in predicting CR and @entity10 in @entity0 with @entity2 . EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: @entity0 were treated with infusional @entity8 and @entity11 combined with daily radiotherapy followed by esophagectomy. @entity1 (n = 54) were analyzed for @entity4 ( @entity4 ), @entity6 , and @entity5 expression by immunohistochemistry and for @entity7 mutations by direct DNA sequencing of exons 5-8. Clinical covariates included @entity0 ' age at enrollment; gender; Barrett's metaplasia; and @entity1 location, histology, and differentiation. Logistic regression and survival analyses were used to evaluate the predictors. RESULTS: Age ranged from 32 to 75 years; most @entity0 were male (45 male; 9 female); and @entity1 were distal (47 distal; 7 mid), @entity3 (41 @entity3 ; 13 @entity9 ), and moderately differentiated (33 moderate; 6 well; 15 poor). Female gender predicted CR (odds ratio 7.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.4-41). The @entity10 was 43% at 5 years. Presence of CR (P < 0.001 log rank) and @entity7 mutation (P = 0.051 log rank) correlated with increased @entity10 , whereas increased @entity4 expression predicted poor @entity10 (P = 0.009 log rank). @entity4 remained significant when adjusted for clinical covariates. There was a trend toward increased @entity10 related to @entity1 differentiation and decreased @entity5 . CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that @entity4 and @entity7 mutation may be used as both outcome predictors and targets for molecular therapy for @entity2 .

title: @entity4 , @entity7 mutation, and pathological response predict survival in XXXX with locally advanced @entity2 treated with preoperative chemoradiotherapy.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Numerous cross-sectional studies have shown that @entity0 with radiographic features of @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of the hips and knees have higher adjusted levels of @entity1 ( @entity1 ). OBJECTIVE: Data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging were examined to determine (1) whether @entity0 with radiographic features of @entity2 of the hands and knees had different rates of @entity3 than subjects with normal knee radiographs, and (2) whether @entity0 with normal knee radiographs who had higher adjusted levels of @entity1 were at greater risk of developing radiographic features of knee @entity2 . DESIGN: Longitudinal cohort study. SUBJECTS: 298 Caucasian @entity0 and 139 Caucasian @entity0 aged 20 and above who had radiographs of the hands and knees read for features of @entity2 and two or more measurements of @entity1 at the forearm at least 4 years apart. 179 Caucasian @entity0 and 110 Caucasian @entity0 aged 20 and above who had longitudinal knee radiographs on average 10 years apart, a subgroup of whom had baseline measurement of lumbar spine and/or femoral neck @entity1 . RESULTS: @entity0 with radiographic @entity2 of the hand had a significantly greater adjusted rate of @entity3 at the radius than @entity0 with normal hand radiographs; no such differences were noted in @entity0 for hand @entity2 . There were no significant differences in adjusted rate of @entity3 at the radius in @entity0 or @entity0 by presence of radiographic knee @entity2 . Higher @entity1 at the lumbar spine but not at the femoral neck was associated with an increased risk of developing incident radiographic knee @entity2 after adjustment for age, gender, and body mass index. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that @entity0 with radiographic @entity2 lose bone at different rates than those with normal radiographs and that this relationship varies between the site of @entity2 and the site of measurement of @entity1 . In addition, they further support a role for higher bone mass in the development of radiographic knee @entity2 . Further studies are needed to examine the relationship between changes in bone mass and radiographic progression of @entity2 .

title: Bone mineral density and XXXX : data from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging.

answer: @entity2


abstract: INTRODUCTION: @entity3 is one of the most frequent adverse events after cardiac catheterization, which can be reduced by anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin (UFH) in both @entity0 and adults. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) might possibly offer advantages. Laboratory signs of @entity2 generation during pediatric cardiac catheterization, with unfractionated heparin (UFH) bolus or subcutaneous LMWH for @entity3 prophylaxis, were determined in a first step to investigate the potential of LMWH for antithrombotic cover. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Signs of @entity2 generation (D-dimer and @entity5 ), anti-Xa activity and activated clotting time (ACT) were measured in 65 @entity0 with @entity1 . A total of 40 @entity0 were treated with a UFH bolus of 100 IU/kg bodyweight and, in 25 @entity0 , @entity4 was subcutaneously administered at a dosage of 1/1.6 mg/kg bodyweight. RESULTS: The dose to plasma activity of @entity4 was more consistent than in the UFH group. Only a slight elevation of @entity5 was found in some @entity0 , which was a little higher in the @entity4 group, but no difference of incidence of increased @entity5 generation was detected between the two groups. D-dimer was elevated in three @entity0 after UFH bolus application, but no such effect was observed in any @entity0 after LMWH administration. CONCLUSIONS: Application of LMWH was equally efficacious during pediatric cardiac catheterization than UFH bolus administration, as determined by plasma levels and markers of clotting activation. In contrast to UFH bolus, no further monitoring was necessary after the application of LMWH during cardiac catheterization due to a consistent dose to plasma activity.

title: Signs of XXXX generation in pediatric cardiac catheterization with unfractionated heparin bolus or subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin for antithrombotic cover.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: The therapeutic plan to follow in @entity0 affected by hepatic and pulmonary metastases from @entity3 is based on prognostic factors and staging. METHODOLOGY: Our experience from January 1980 to January 2002 underlines the effectiveness of combined multimodal therapy in the treatment of advanced metastatic stages. A total of 224 @entity0 with metastases from @entity3 have been treated. Among these @entity0 160 underwent surgery (4 pulmonary and 156 hepatic resections), 17 have been reoperated for metastatic relapse, 14 with multiple metastases underwent locoregional therapy, while 33, deemed not resectable initially, have been treated with neoadjuvant chemo- and radio-therapy. RESULTS: For the operated @entity0 group the 5-year actuarial survival was 22% with an operative morbidity of 17.5% and mortality of 3.8%. The 17 @entity0 reoperated for metastatic relapse had a 5-year actuarial survival of 21% with an operative morbidity of 11.6% and mortality of 5.8%. The 14 @entity0 treated with locoregional therapy had a median survival of 6 months whereas the 33 @entity0 treated with combined multimodal treatment in two different periods had a response rate of 57.57%. Five @entity0 had a complete response and 4 are presently alive: 3 are disease free and 1 with disease. 1 died of pulmonary primitive @entity2 24 months later. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection is presently the best known treatment for @entity1 . In advanced, but not yet disseminated, stages in which there is no indication to surgery on metastases (II-III stages according to Gennari's classification), a neoadjuvant treatment is proposed, if the @entity2 has already been completely resected. This therapeutic strategy, called combined multimodal therapy, has the aim to obtain the disease regression and to offer the chance of disease re-staging.

title: XXXX metastases: surgical indications and multimodal approach.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND/AIMS: @entity2 after pancreatoduodenectomy is a severe, life-threatening complication. This study was conducted to determine the guidelines appropriate for the prevention and management of @entity2 . METHODOLOGY: We reviewed the medical records of 456 @entity0 who had undergone pancreatoduodenectomy at our hospital between 1991 and 2000. RESULTS: Significant @entity1 occurred in 21 @entity0 (4.6%). Early @entity2 (within the 5th postoperative day) caused by improper intraoperative hemostasis occurred in 5 of these cases; 3 of whom were saved by prompt operation and one by conservative management. The other 16 cases consisted of late @entity2 (after the 5th postoperative day), of which 12 @entity0 (75%) experienced pancreatic leaks and 8 @entity4 of major arteries. "Sentinel @entity2 " was evident in 8 cases. Angiographic embolization was performed in 8 cases, 7 of which were successful. Reoperation was tried in 7 cases with complete hemostasis being achieved in 2. As a result, 15 of 21 @entity0 obtained complete hemostasis and the mortality rate from @entity2 was 28.6% (6/21). CONCLUSIONS: Rapid decision-making is mandatory when @entity2 stigmata such as @entity4 on CT and sentinel @entity2 are noted. Prompt operation for early @entity2 and angiographic embolization for late @entity2 are recommended. In order to prevent @entity2 after pancreatoduodenectomy, meticulously performed hemostasis and the avoidance of pancreatic @entity3 are essential.

title: Management of XXXX after pancreatoduodenectomy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Preservation of the spleen at distal pancreatectomy has recently attracted considerable attention. Since our first trial and success with spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic artery and vein for @entity1 of the @entity5 , this procedure has been performed more frequently. Three @entity0 with @entity1 underwent spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic artery and vein. In this procedure, the splenic vein is identified behind the @entity3 and the connective tissue membrane is cut longitudinally above the splenic vein. An important point is to remove the splenic vein from the @entity3 from the body of the @entity3 toward the spleen. In one @entity0 with @entity1 in the body of the @entity3 who had undergone distal gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer 32 years previously, residual proximal gastrectomy could be avoided with this procedure. In this case, the histological diagnosis was a pseudocyst, and @entity6 was found in other pancreatic ductuli. In another case, epithelia were borderline between @entity4 and @entity2 . In both of these cases, the histological diagnosis was different from the preoperative diagnosis. Even with advances in imaging techniques, diagnosis of a @entity7 of the @entity3 is still very difficult. Ordinary distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy would have been oversurgery in these two cases, which could be avoided using our procedure. Severe complications were not found in any of the three cases and the postoperative course was uneventful. The @entity0 have been followed as outpatients without any recurrence. Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic artery and vein is easy and safe, and should be performed for some @entity0 with @entity1 of the @entity3 .

title: Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with preservation of the splenic artery and vein for @entity1 ( XXXX ): three interesting cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Preservation of the spleen at distal pancreatectomy has recently attracted considerable attention. Since our first trial and success with spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic artery and vein for @entity1 of the @entity5 , this procedure has been performed more frequently. Three @entity0 with @entity1 underwent spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic artery and vein. In this procedure, the splenic vein is identified behind the @entity3 and the connective tissue membrane is cut longitudinally above the splenic vein. An important point is to remove the splenic vein from the @entity3 from the body of the @entity3 toward the spleen. In one @entity0 with @entity1 in the body of the @entity3 who had undergone distal gastrectomy for duodenal ulcer 32 years previously, residual proximal gastrectomy could be avoided with this procedure. In this case, the histological diagnosis was a pseudocyst, and @entity6 was found in other pancreatic ductuli. In another case, epithelia were borderline between @entity4 and @entity2 . In both of these cases, the histological diagnosis was different from the preoperative diagnosis. Even with advances in imaging techniques, diagnosis of a @entity7 of the @entity3 is still very difficult. Ordinary distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy would have been oversurgery in these two cases, which could be avoided using our procedure. Severe complications were not found in any of the three cases and the postoperative course was uneventful. The @entity0 have been followed as outpatients without any recurrence. Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with conservation of the splenic artery and vein is easy and safe, and should be performed for some @entity0 with @entity1 of the @entity3 .

title: Spleen-preserving distal pancreatectomy with preservation of the splenic artery and vein for XXXX ( @entity1 ): three interesting cases.

answer: @entity1


abstract: It has been reported that Nigella sativa oil possesses hepatoprotective effects in some models of @entity0 . However, it is N. sativa seeds that are used in the treatment of liver ailments in folk medicine rather than its oil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the aqueous suspension of N. sativa on @entity3 ( @entity5 )-induced @entity1 . Aqueous suspension of the seeds was given orally at two dose levels (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) for five days. @entity5 (250 microl/kg intraperitoneally / day in olive oil) was given to the experimental group on days 4 and 5, while the control group was only treated with the vehicles. Animals treated with @entity5 showed remarkable centrilobular fatty changes and moderate inflammatory infiltrate in the form of neutrophil and mononuclear cells when compared to the controls. This effect was significantly decreased in animals pretreated with N. sativa. Histopathological or biochemical changes were not evident following administration of N. sativa alone. Serum levels of aspartic transaminase (AST), and @entity4 aminotransferase (ALT) were slightly decreased while @entity2 dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly increased in animals treated with @entity5 when compared to the control group. LDH was restored to normal but ALT and AST levels were increased in animals pretreated with N. sativa. In conclusion, N. sativa seeds appeared to be safe and possibly protective against @entity5 -induced hepatotoxicity. However, further studies may still be needed prior to supporting its use in folk medicine for @entity0 .

title: Protective effect of Nigella sativa seeds against XXXX -induced @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: It has been reported that Nigella sativa oil possesses hepatoprotective effects in some models of @entity0 . However, it is N. sativa seeds that are used in the treatment of liver ailments in folk medicine rather than its oil. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the aqueous suspension of N. sativa on @entity3 ( @entity5 )-induced @entity1 . Aqueous suspension of the seeds was given orally at two dose levels (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) for five days. @entity5 (250 microl/kg intraperitoneally / day in olive oil) was given to the experimental group on days 4 and 5, while the control group was only treated with the vehicles. Animals treated with @entity5 showed remarkable centrilobular fatty changes and moderate inflammatory infiltrate in the form of neutrophil and mononuclear cells when compared to the controls. This effect was significantly decreased in animals pretreated with N. sativa. Histopathological or biochemical changes were not evident following administration of N. sativa alone. Serum levels of aspartic transaminase (AST), and @entity4 aminotransferase (ALT) were slightly decreased while @entity2 dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly increased in animals treated with @entity5 when compared to the control group. LDH was restored to normal but ALT and AST levels were increased in animals pretreated with N. sativa. In conclusion, N. sativa seeds appeared to be safe and possibly protective against @entity5 -induced hepatotoxicity. However, further studies may still be needed prior to supporting its use in folk medicine for @entity0 .

title: Protective effect of Nigella sativa seeds against @entity3 -induced XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: AIMS: Determination of genetic diversity among UK @entity1 isolates from various environmental niches, principally woodland tree rhizospheres and onions. METHODS AND RESULTS: Genus determination was made using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and @entity3 profiling. Genetic diversity was investigated by repetitive sequence genetic PCR fingerprinting. Several onion isolates were similar to clinical isolates but others were diverse. Some environmental isolates were possibly synonymous with @entity1 and @entity2 but most from woodland rhizospheres were distinct and clustered together. The 16S rRNA genes of representatives from these clusters were PCR amplified, sequenced and phylogenetically compared with all known @entity2 and related species. This revealed that the rhizospheric isolates had closest affinity with @entity2 spp. with known bioremediative and biocontrol capabilities and were unrelated to taxa comprising plant or @entity0 pathogenic strains. CONCLUSIONS: All of the analyses investigated revealed that environmental and onion isolates of @entity1 complex bacteria are genetically diverse but that woodland rhizospheric isolates are related to each other and unrelated to plant or @entity0 pathogenic strains. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Woodland rhizospheric isolates of @entity1 are potentially good candidates for use in bioremediation and biocontrol, as they appear distinct from plant or @entity0 pathogenic strains.

title: Diversity of XXXX isolates from woodland rhizosphere environments.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The salivary apyrases of blood-feeding arthropods are @entity1 -hydrolyzing enzymes implicated in the inhibition of host @entity7 through the hydrolysis of extracellular @entity5 . A @entity0 cDNA homologous to the apyrase cDNA of the blood-feeding bed bug was identified, revealing an open reading frame encoding a 371-amino acid protein. A cleavable signal peptide generates a secreted protein of 333 residues with a predicted core molecular mass of 37,193 Da. Expression in COS-1 cells produced a secreted apyrase in the cell media. The ADPase and ATPase activities were dependent upon @entity2 , with a pH optimum between pH 6.2 and 7.2. Interestingly, the preferred substrate was not @entity5 , as might be expected for an enzyme modulating @entity7 , but rather @entity6 , followed by @entity8 , @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity5 , and @entity3 . The nucleotidase did not hydrolyze @entity10 . Size-exclusion chromatography and Western blot analysis revealed a molecular mass of approximately 34-37 kDa. Treatment of the enzyme with peptide N-glycosidase F indicated that the protein is glycosylated. Northern analysis identified the transcript in a range of @entity0 tissues, including testis, placenta, prostate, and lung. No traditional apyrase-conserved regions or @entity1 -binding domains were identified in this @entity0 enzyme, indicating membership in a new family of extracellular nucleotidases.

title: Cloning, expression, and characterization of a soluble XXXX -activated nucleotidase, a @entity0 enzyme belonging to a new family of extracellular nucleotidases.

answer: @entity2


abstract: The salivary apyrases of blood-feeding arthropods are @entity1 -hydrolyzing enzymes implicated in the inhibition of host @entity7 through the hydrolysis of extracellular @entity5 . A @entity0 cDNA homologous to the apyrase cDNA of the blood-feeding bed bug was identified, revealing an open reading frame encoding a 371-amino acid protein. A cleavable signal peptide generates a secreted protein of 333 residues with a predicted core molecular mass of 37,193 Da. Expression in COS-1 cells produced a secreted apyrase in the cell media. The ADPase and ATPase activities were dependent upon @entity2 , with a pH optimum between pH 6.2 and 7.2. Interestingly, the preferred substrate was not @entity5 , as might be expected for an enzyme modulating @entity7 , but rather @entity6 , followed by @entity8 , @entity4 , @entity9 , @entity5 , and @entity3 . The nucleotidase did not hydrolyze @entity10 . Size-exclusion chromatography and Western blot analysis revealed a molecular mass of approximately 34-37 kDa. Treatment of the enzyme with peptide N-glycosidase F indicated that the protein is glycosylated. Northern analysis identified the transcript in a range of @entity0 tissues, including testis, placenta, prostate, and lung. No traditional apyrase-conserved regions or @entity1 -binding domains were identified in this @entity0 enzyme, indicating membership in a new family of extracellular nucleotidases.

title: Cloning, expression, and characterization of a soluble @entity2 -activated nucleotidase, a XXXX enzyme belonging to a new family of extracellular nucleotidases.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Despite technical difficulties due to mediastinal @entity2 , remediastinoscopy can be a valuable tool in the restaging of @entity3 after neoadjuvant therapy. The aim of our study was to evaluate the feasibility, sensitivity and accuracy of remediastinoscopy. From November 1994 to July 2001 we performed a remediastinoscopy in 27 @entity0 after neoadjuvant therapy. Their age ranged from 35 to 80 years (mean 61.9+/-11.9). In all 27 @entity0 it was possible to perform a remediastinoscopy without major technical difficulties and take biopsies of the lymph nodes that were initially invaded by @entity1 . Remediastinoscopy was positive in 11 @entity0 (40.7%) and negative in 16 (59.3%). In the 11 @entity0 with a positive remediastinoscopy a complete resection was not judged possible and therefore, an unnecessary thoracotomy was avoided. In four @entity0 , remediastinoscopy turned out to be false negative. So, in our series, sensitivity was 73%, specificity 100% and accuracy 85%. The positive and negative predictive values were 100 and 75%, respectively. Previous mediastinoscopy is no contra-indication for a repeat one after neoadjuvant therapy. Although sensitivity and accuracy are lower than that of a first mediastinoscopy, remediastinoscopy is useful to select @entity0 for surgical resection after induction therapy.

title: Remediastinoscopy after neoadjuvant therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: Primary @entity2 of the small intestine are rare. Malignant @entity5 are the third most common @entity2 among primary @entity2 . A 56-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital because of @entity7 and @entity8 with movement. On admission, physical examination revealed severe @entity4 in her conjunctiva and a @entity2 in her left abdomen. Her hemoglobin level was 6.2 g/dL and other laboratory data were normal. Abdominal ultrasonograms and computed tomograms revealed a 55 x 70-mm heterogeneous mass and multiple low-density masses in the liver. Superior mesenteric arteriograms revealed a hypervascular @entity2 fed by the jejunal arteries. A @entity5 arising from the jejunum with liver @entity1 was suspected. Partial resection of the affected jejunum and left trisegmentectomy of the liver were performed. The resected @entity2 was 120 x 45 x 65 mm. The @entity2 was mainly submucosal, but extended outside the jejunum; it was elastically firm and multiloculated. A small @entity6 was seen on the mucosal side. The metastatic @entity3 were solid or cystic with diameters of 20 to 40 mm. Histopathological examination revealed that the @entity2 were characterized by fascicular proliferation of spindle-shaped cells. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for @entity9 and @entity10 , and negative for @entity11 protein and smooth muscle actin. This case was a @entity5 originating in the jejunum with liver @entity1 . The @entity2 and liver @entity1 were successfully resected simultaneously.

title: @entity5 with liver XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Primary @entity2 of the small intestine are rare. Malignant @entity5 are the third most common @entity2 among primary @entity2 . A 56-year-old @entity0 was admitted to our hospital because of @entity7 and @entity8 with movement. On admission, physical examination revealed severe @entity4 in her conjunctiva and a @entity2 in her left abdomen. Her hemoglobin level was 6.2 g/dL and other laboratory data were normal. Abdominal ultrasonograms and computed tomograms revealed a 55 x 70-mm heterogeneous mass and multiple low-density masses in the liver. Superior mesenteric arteriograms revealed a hypervascular @entity2 fed by the jejunal arteries. A @entity5 arising from the jejunum with liver @entity1 was suspected. Partial resection of the affected jejunum and left trisegmentectomy of the liver were performed. The resected @entity2 was 120 x 45 x 65 mm. The @entity2 was mainly submucosal, but extended outside the jejunum; it was elastically firm and multiloculated. A small @entity6 was seen on the mucosal side. The metastatic @entity3 were solid or cystic with diameters of 20 to 40 mm. Histopathological examination revealed that the @entity2 were characterized by fascicular proliferation of spindle-shaped cells. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for @entity9 and @entity10 , and negative for @entity11 protein and smooth muscle actin. This case was a @entity5 originating in the jejunum with liver @entity1 . The @entity2 and liver @entity1 were successfully resected simultaneously.

title: XXXX with liver @entity1 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: This study was undertaken to assess the clinical course of @entity5 and to analyze the social problems that influence quality of life of affected @entity0 . @entity0 AND METHODS: One hundred ten @entity0 with @entity5 (106 @entity0 , 4 @entity0 ; mean age, 40.0 years) for whom complete data since onset of disease were available were included in this retrospective study (mean follow-up, 10.6 years). Data were obtained by means of direct interview, written reports, or telephone. Data for deceased subjects were gathered from their families via written report or telephone. Graft patency was evaluated by means of ankle pressure measurement; and in all @entity0 with decreased ankle pressure arteriography was performed. RESULTS: Seven of 110 study @entity0 (6%) died during follow-up. Cumulative survival rate was 84% up to 25 years after the initial consultation. Results of bypass operations (n = 46) were not satisfactory. Primary graft patency was 41% at 1 year after operation, 32% at 5 years, and 30% at 10 years. Secondary graft patency was 54% at 1 year of follow-up, 47% at 5 years, and 39% at 10 years. However, major amputation was necessary in only 5 of 35 limbs (14%) with failed grafts. Forty-seven @entity0 (43%) underwent 108 amputation procedures, either major amputation (13 @entity0 ) or minor amputation (34 @entity0 ), of an upper or lower limb. No @entity2 @entity4 occurred or recurred in @entity0 older than 60 years. Forty-one @entity0 who stopped smoking did not undergo major amputation. Furthermore, of 69 @entity0 who continued smoking, 13 @entity0 (19%) underwent major amputation. There was a correlation between incidence of continued smoking and limb amputation (P =.0070). In addition, 11 of 13 @entity0 who underwent major lower limb amputation (85%) lost their job, compared with 9 of 97 @entity0 without major amputation (9%). There was an association between limb amputation and job loss (P <.0001). All @entity0 who lost their jobs were engaged in manual labor. CONCLUSION: The natural course of life and limb is favorable in many @entity0 with @entity5 . Occurrence or recurrence of @entity1 usually is arrested in @entity0 older than 60 years. To avoid factors that markedly influence quality of life, early treatment and strict instruction to prohibit smoking are mandatory. Arterial reconstruction shortens the healing process of @entity2 @entity4 , despite poor long-term results. However, bypass surgery to treat @entity3 should be limited.

title: Clinical and social consequences of XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of these studies was to explore the possibility of using gene expression profiles of circulating leukocytes as a functional fingerprint of @entity2 activity. METHODS: This feasibility study utilized IgA @entity1 ( @entity9 ) as a model system. Genes differentially expressed in @entity9 @entity0 were identified by Affymetrix GeneChip microarrays, and compared with gene expression of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), minimal change disease, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) @entity4 , and with healthy volunteers. Of the genes identified, 15 transcriptionally up-regulated were validated in a larger cohort of @entity0 using TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To test whether increased expression of these genes correlated with disease activity, cluster analyses were performed utilizing the TaqMan PCR values. Taking a mathematical approach, we tested whether gene expression values were correlative with kidney function, as reflected by serum @entity7 and @entity7 clearance values. RESULTS: We identified 15 genes significantly correlative with disease activity in @entity9 . This gene signature of @entity9 @entity0 ' leukocytes reflected kidney function. This was demonstrated in that mathematically generated theoretical values of serum @entity7 and @entity7 clearance correlated significantly with actual @entity9 @entity0 values of serum @entity7 and @entity7 clearance. There was no apparent correlation with @entity6 and @entity5 . The expression levels of this same gene set in ANCA @entity4 or @entity8 @entity0 were not correlative with serum @entity7 or @entity7 clearance values. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that leukocytes carry informative disease-specific markers of pathogenic changes in renal tissue.

title: Gene expression profiles of circulating leukocytes correlate with @entity1 activity in IgA XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The goal of these studies was to explore the possibility of using gene expression profiles of circulating leukocytes as a functional fingerprint of @entity2 activity. METHODS: This feasibility study utilized IgA @entity1 ( @entity9 ) as a model system. Genes differentially expressed in @entity9 @entity0 were identified by Affymetrix GeneChip microarrays, and compared with gene expression of @entity3 ( @entity3 ), minimal change disease, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) @entity4 , and with healthy volunteers. Of the genes identified, 15 transcriptionally up-regulated were validated in a larger cohort of @entity0 using TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To test whether increased expression of these genes correlated with disease activity, cluster analyses were performed utilizing the TaqMan PCR values. Taking a mathematical approach, we tested whether gene expression values were correlative with kidney function, as reflected by serum @entity7 and @entity7 clearance values. RESULTS: We identified 15 genes significantly correlative with disease activity in @entity9 . This gene signature of @entity9 @entity0 ' leukocytes reflected kidney function. This was demonstrated in that mathematically generated theoretical values of serum @entity7 and @entity7 clearance correlated significantly with actual @entity9 @entity0 values of serum @entity7 and @entity7 clearance. There was no apparent correlation with @entity6 and @entity5 . The expression levels of this same gene set in ANCA @entity4 or @entity8 @entity0 were not correlative with serum @entity7 or @entity7 clearance values. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that leukocytes carry informative disease-specific markers of pathogenic changes in renal tissue.

title: Gene expression profiles of circulating leukocytes correlate with XXXX activity in IgA @entity1 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The atherogenic serum lipoprotein(a) [ @entity5 ] is significantly elevated in @entity0 with @entity3 . The underlying mechanism for this elevation is poorly understood. METHODS: We investigated in 207 @entity0 with @entity3 and 274 controls whether the apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] kringle-IV repeat polymorphism explains the elevated @entity5 levels in these @entity0 . RESULTS: @entity0 showed a tremendous elevation of @entity5 concentrations when compared to controls (mean 60.4 vs. 20.0 mg/dL and median 29.8 vs. 6.4 mg/dL, P < 0.0001). Primary and secondary causes contributed to this elevation. The primary causes became apparent by a markedly elevated number of low-molecular-weight apo(a) phenotypes which are usually associated with high @entity5 levels. This frequency was 35.7% in @entity0 compared to only 24.8% in controls (P= 0.009). In addition, secondary causes by the pathogenetic mechanisms of the @entity3 itself resulted in a different increase of @entity5 in the various apo(a) isoform groups. Based on the measured @entity5 concentrations in each subject, we calculated separately the @entity5 concentrations arising from the two expressed isoforms by estimating the relative proportion of the two serum isoforms in the @entity4 ( @entity2 ) agarose gel electrophoresis. Low-molecular-weight isoforms were associated with 40% to 75% elevated @entity5 concentrations when compared to matched isoforms from controls. High-molecular-weight apo(a) isoforms showed 100% to 500% elevated @entity5 levels compared to matched isoforms from controls. The severity of the @entity3 as well as the degree of @entity1 did not influence the @entity5 concentrations. CONCLUSION: The tremendously increased @entity5 levels in @entity3 ar caused by primary genetic as well as disease-related mechanisms.

title: The apolipoprotein(a) size polymorphism is associated with XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 ( @entity6 ) is rare in @entity0 . Information on clinical characteristics, radiological findings and outcome is emerging. METHODS: Cases of @entity6 diagnosed between 1995 and 2001 were identified by a computer-assisted search using International Classification of Disease codes. Medical records were reviewed to collect information on clinical presentation, investigations, treatment and outcome. RESULTS: Sixteen cases of @entity6 were identified. All cases presented in association with head and neck pathology. The majority of cases presented with symptoms of @entity4 and focal neurological signs. Magnetic resonance imaging identified all cases of @entity6 whilst CT scanning failed to demonstrate the diagnosis in two cases. Management with anticoagulation was associated with radiological resolution of the @entity5 and normal neurological outcome. Long-term follow up demonstrated @entity3 in greater than 40% of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 in @entity0 is associated with significant residual @entity1 . Prospective studies to identify predictors of outcome and effective management interventions are required.

title: XXXX in @entity0 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: @entity2 ( @entity6 ) is rare in @entity0 . Information on clinical characteristics, radiological findings and outcome is emerging. METHODS: Cases of @entity6 diagnosed between 1995 and 2001 were identified by a computer-assisted search using International Classification of Disease codes. Medical records were reviewed to collect information on clinical presentation, investigations, treatment and outcome. RESULTS: Sixteen cases of @entity6 were identified. All cases presented in association with head and neck pathology. The majority of cases presented with symptoms of @entity4 and focal neurological signs. Magnetic resonance imaging identified all cases of @entity6 whilst CT scanning failed to demonstrate the diagnosis in two cases. Management with anticoagulation was associated with radiological resolution of the @entity5 and normal neurological outcome. Long-term follow up demonstrated @entity3 in greater than 40% of @entity0 . CONCLUSION: @entity6 in @entity0 is associated with significant residual @entity1 . Prospective studies to identify predictors of outcome and effective management interventions are required.

title: @entity2 in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: AIM: To clarify the role of a combined diagnostic approach using laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in the evaluation of @entity3 in developing countries. METHODS: In a prospective study, 612 consecutive infertile @entity0 underwent complete fertility evaluation at a tertiary university @entity1 clinic: 300 complained of @entity1 , 221 of secondary @entity1 , and 91 were requesting reversal of a previous tubal ligation. All the @entity0 were examined by simultaneous combined laparoscopy and hysteroscopy as a part of their routine @entity1 evaluation. Focused hysteroscopic evaluation of the region of utero-tubal junction was attempted. RESULTS: Laparoscopy was successful in 608 and hysteroscopy in 597 @entity0 . The most frequent pathologies detected hysteroscopically in the infertile group were adhesive in nature and believed to be post-traumatic and/or post-phlogistic. The number of intrauterine abnormalities found by hysteroscopy was significantly greater than by hysterosalpingography. The rate of diagnosis of significant lesions by laparoscopy of 64.3% rose to 76.6% when the hysteroscopic findings were included. A significant number of @entity0 with secondary @entity1 had abnormal hysteroscopic findings when compared to either @entity0 with @entity1 or those requesting sterilization reversal. Hysteroscopic evaluation of the region of utero-tubal junction revealed significant lesions believed to have caused @entity1 in comparison with those requesting sterilization reversal. CONCLUSION: The combined diagnostic approach of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy is recommended in the evaluation of @entity3 in communities where the risk of @entity2 is great.

title: Combined diagnostic approach of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in the evaluation of XXXX : results of 612 @entity0 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: AIM: To clarify the role of a combined diagnostic approach using laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in the evaluation of @entity3 in developing countries. METHODS: In a prospective study, 612 consecutive infertile @entity0 underwent complete fertility evaluation at a tertiary university @entity1 clinic: 300 complained of @entity1 , 221 of secondary @entity1 , and 91 were requesting reversal of a previous tubal ligation. All the @entity0 were examined by simultaneous combined laparoscopy and hysteroscopy as a part of their routine @entity1 evaluation. Focused hysteroscopic evaluation of the region of utero-tubal junction was attempted. RESULTS: Laparoscopy was successful in 608 and hysteroscopy in 597 @entity0 . The most frequent pathologies detected hysteroscopically in the infertile group were adhesive in nature and believed to be post-traumatic and/or post-phlogistic. The number of intrauterine abnormalities found by hysteroscopy was significantly greater than by hysterosalpingography. The rate of diagnosis of significant lesions by laparoscopy of 64.3% rose to 76.6% when the hysteroscopic findings were included. A significant number of @entity0 with secondary @entity1 had abnormal hysteroscopic findings when compared to either @entity0 with @entity1 or those requesting sterilization reversal. Hysteroscopic evaluation of the region of utero-tubal junction revealed significant lesions believed to have caused @entity1 in comparison with those requesting sterilization reversal. CONCLUSION: The combined diagnostic approach of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy is recommended in the evaluation of @entity3 in communities where the risk of @entity2 is great.

title: Combined diagnostic approach of laparoscopy and hysteroscopy in the evaluation of @entity3 : results of 612 XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: HYPOTHESIS: Completion pancreatectomy in @entity0 with pancreatic leakage associated with @entity1 after pancreaticoduodenectomy is a viable salvage procedure. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis from a cohort of consecutive @entity0 admitted between January 1, 1989, and December 31, 1999, for @entity1 originating from pancreaticojejunostomy leakage. SETTING: Tertiary referral center with surgical intensive care unit specializing in the treatment of @entity6 . @entity0 : Eight consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 originating from pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy, with a mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score of 18.6. We excluded @entity0 with @entity7 or abscesses amenable to percutaneous drainage or other conservative treatment. INTERVENTION: Completion pancreatectomy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mortality, morbidity, and long-term outcome, which was assessed by interview. RESULTS: Three @entity0 died in the postoperative period: 2 required early reoperation during the postoperative period and died of @entity5 and @entity4 , and 1 died of @entity2 without reoperation. Recurrence of @entity3 was responsible for late death of 2 other @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity1 after pancreaticoduodenectomy still has high mortality; however, completion pancreatectomy may represent the only means to achieve source control of infection in cases of @entity1 .

title: Completion pancreatectomy for XXXX after pancreaticoduodenectomy: early and late outcome.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Stress has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of several diseases. In the present study, the effects of acute ( @entity8 ), chronic (CS), and chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) were studied on the @entity5 index, adrenal gland mass, and biochemical and hormonal changes in @entity0 . The stress was provided in the form of immobilization-immobilization for 150 min, once only, and for 10 consecutive days in CS and CUS. In CUS, animals received variable unpredictable stressors. Immediately after stress, animals were decapitated, blood was collected, and plasma was separated for the estimation of plasma @entity3 , @entity2 , @entity1 , @entity4 kinase (CK), @entity6 , and insulin. The adrenal gland and stomach were also dissected for mass and @entity5 scoring, respectively. @entity8 significantly increased the @entity5 index, plasma @entity3 , CK, @entity6 , and insulin. CS and CUS significantly increased the @entity5 index, adrenal gland mass, and @entity6 . In CS, a significant decrease in plasma @entity2 and @entity1 levels was found, but in CUS only @entity1 was decreased significantly. High CK activity and @entity7 maintain the energy demands of metabolism, and elevated @entity6 desensitizes the @entity9 in @entity8 . In CS and CUS, prolonged elevation of @entity6 shifts metabolism to utilization of lipids as a secondary substrate by gluconeogenesis. From our experiment, it is clear that @entity8 causes maximum activation of energy metabolism, which becomes specific after habituation in prolonged CS. These biochemical manipulations in the body by using different types of stressors are good markers that can be of great use to understand, target, and manage stress-induced etiologies.

title: Comparative study of perturbations of peripheral markers in different stressors in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: We previously reported that @entity2 ( @entity2 ) expression correlates with vessel density in @entity0 @entity11 . However, @entity1 angiogenesis is not controlled simply by the presence of @entity2 , and is likely regulated by several angiogenic factors produced by @entity1 and host cells. The goal of the present study was to determine the angiogenic profile of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the esophagus. Expression of mRNAs for @entity2 , platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor ( @entity8 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity6 was examined in six @entity4 cell lines and fresh biopsy specimens from 16 @entity0 with invasive @entity4 by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical analyses with antibodies against @entity2 , @entity8 , @entity5 , and @entity6 were performed on archival specimens of 60 normal esophageal mucosa, 11 @entity9 and 49 @entity3 of the esophagus. Microvessels were stained with anti- @entity12 antibody and quantified by counting the number of vessels in a x200 field in the most vascularized areas of the @entity1 . @entity4 cell lines and @entity1 tissues expressed mRNAs for one or more these angiogenic factors at various levels. An initial increase in vessel density and enhanced expression of @entity8 and @entity2 were observed in @entity13 . Vessel density was significantly higher in more advanced lesions. @entity5 and @entity6 were not expressed in @entity10 , but expression was increased in late stage @entity7 . These findings suggest that the angiogenic switch is a very early event in the development of @entity3 . Several different angiogenic factors produced by @entity1 cells and host cells may regulate angiogenesis during different steps of esophageal carcinogenesis.

title: Angiogenic switch occurs during the precancerous stage of @entity0 XXXX .

answer: @entity11


abstract: We previously reported that @entity2 ( @entity2 ) expression correlates with vessel density in @entity0 @entity11 . However, @entity1 angiogenesis is not controlled simply by the presence of @entity2 , and is likely regulated by several angiogenic factors produced by @entity1 and host cells. The goal of the present study was to determine the angiogenic profile of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the esophagus. Expression of mRNAs for @entity2 , platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor ( @entity8 ), @entity5 ( @entity5 ), and @entity6 was examined in six @entity4 cell lines and fresh biopsy specimens from 16 @entity0 with invasive @entity4 by RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical analyses with antibodies against @entity2 , @entity8 , @entity5 , and @entity6 were performed on archival specimens of 60 normal esophageal mucosa, 11 @entity9 and 49 @entity3 of the esophagus. Microvessels were stained with anti- @entity12 antibody and quantified by counting the number of vessels in a x200 field in the most vascularized areas of the @entity1 . @entity4 cell lines and @entity1 tissues expressed mRNAs for one or more these angiogenic factors at various levels. An initial increase in vessel density and enhanced expression of @entity8 and @entity2 were observed in @entity13 . Vessel density was significantly higher in more advanced lesions. @entity5 and @entity6 were not expressed in @entity10 , but expression was increased in late stage @entity7 . These findings suggest that the angiogenic switch is a very early event in the development of @entity3 . Several different angiogenic factors produced by @entity1 cells and host cells may regulate angiogenesis during different steps of esophageal carcinogenesis.

title: Angiogenic switch occurs during the precancerous stage of XXXX @entity11 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: The formation of microvessels in @entity3 by angiogenesis is considered to be an important prognostic factor, and closely correlates with lymph node @entity2 . We used color Doppler ultrasound to examine the relationship between the amount of blood vessels in @entity3 and pulsatility index (PI), and @entity3 size in @entity0 , with and without regional lymph node @entity2 . Doppler ultrasound was performed on 80 @entity1 with @entity0 prior to surgery. The concentration of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) within the @entity3 was measured following surgery in 42 cases chosen at random. In the negative metastatic nodes group, the number of vessels in the @entity3 correlated positively with @entity3 diameter. In the positive metastatic nodes group, however, the number of blood vessels in the @entity3 did not correlate with @entity3 diameter. Differences in @entity3 vascularity between node positive and negative groups were useful in determining the status of node @entity2 in subsequent analysis. Fifteen of 17 cases of @entity3 that measured <20 mm, and in which there were no blood vessels, were node-negative. There were no node-negative @entity3 measuring >20 mm in diameter (p=0.003). Conversely, in nodes with positive @entity2 , blood vessels were observed in 5 of 7 @entity3 that measured <15 mm in diameter (p=0.019). These findings may be useful in estimating the likelihood of @entity2 to regional lymph nodes. PI was directly proportional to @entity3 size in the negative nodes group (r=0.47). There was no such correlation in the positive nodes group. There was no correlation between @entity4 concentration in the @entity3 and the number of blood vessels in that @entity3 . In conclusion color Doppler analysis of blood vessels appears to be useful in predicting lymph node @entity2 , especially for small @entity3 .

title: The use of Doppler ultrasound in evaluation of XXXX @entity2 to axillary lymph nodes.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The formation of microvessels in @entity3 by angiogenesis is considered to be an important prognostic factor, and closely correlates with lymph node @entity2 . We used color Doppler ultrasound to examine the relationship between the amount of blood vessels in @entity3 and pulsatility index (PI), and @entity3 size in @entity0 , with and without regional lymph node @entity2 . Doppler ultrasound was performed on 80 @entity1 with @entity0 prior to surgery. The concentration of @entity4 ( @entity4 ) within the @entity3 was measured following surgery in 42 cases chosen at random. In the negative metastatic nodes group, the number of vessels in the @entity3 correlated positively with @entity3 diameter. In the positive metastatic nodes group, however, the number of blood vessels in the @entity3 did not correlate with @entity3 diameter. Differences in @entity3 vascularity between node positive and negative groups were useful in determining the status of node @entity2 in subsequent analysis. Fifteen of 17 cases of @entity3 that measured <20 mm, and in which there were no blood vessels, were node-negative. There were no node-negative @entity3 measuring >20 mm in diameter (p=0.003). Conversely, in nodes with positive @entity2 , blood vessels were observed in 5 of 7 @entity3 that measured <15 mm in diameter (p=0.019). These findings may be useful in estimating the likelihood of @entity2 to regional lymph nodes. PI was directly proportional to @entity3 size in the negative nodes group (r=0.47). There was no such correlation in the positive nodes group. There was no correlation between @entity4 concentration in the @entity3 and the number of blood vessels in that @entity3 . In conclusion color Doppler analysis of blood vessels appears to be useful in predicting lymph node @entity2 , especially for small @entity3 .

title: The use of Doppler ultrasound in evaluation of @entity0 XXXX to axillary lymph nodes.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity2 in @entity0 is increasingly recognized. The incidence exceeds 8 per 100,000 per year. Important differences in @entity2 in newborns and @entity0 compared with adults, as well as a paucity of clinical trials, create challenges in the diagnosis and management of pediatric @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The neurological presentation of @entity6 can be subtle. Radiographic diagnosis of acute @entity6 is also challenging because CT scan may be normal early on. Risk factors include vascular, intravascular, and @entity8 ; frequently, there are multiple risk factors in a given @entity0 , necessitating thorough investigations. More than 50% have a @entity7 including postvaricella @entity12 , dissection, moyamoya, or @entity10 . Intravascular mechanisms are frequently present, including dehydration. @entity11 are also associated with @entity6 in @entity0 , and include @entity13 and @entity3 . The latter have been identified in from one third to one half of @entity0 with @entity6 , are usually acquired, and frequently act in concert with other risk factors for @entity2 . The most common @entity8 source is @entity5 , which is present in 25% of @entity0 with @entity6 . Outcomes include @entity4 in 6% and @entity1 in two thirds of @entity0 . Given that no clinical trials have been completed in pediatric @entity2 to date, treatment is empiric. Initial neuroprotective strategies aim to reduce the size of the @entity9 . For older children antithrombotic agents (antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulants) are given to reduce the 20 to 30% risk of recurrence. There are coordinated research efforts currently being initiated, which over the next decade will result in clinical trials in this understudied condition.

title: Arterial ischemic strokes in XXXX and @entity0 : an overview of current approaches.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity2 in @entity0 is increasingly recognized. The incidence exceeds 8 per 100,000 per year. Important differences in @entity2 in newborns and @entity0 compared with adults, as well as a paucity of clinical trials, create challenges in the diagnosis and management of pediatric @entity6 ( @entity6 ). The neurological presentation of @entity6 can be subtle. Radiographic diagnosis of acute @entity6 is also challenging because CT scan may be normal early on. Risk factors include vascular, intravascular, and @entity8 ; frequently, there are multiple risk factors in a given @entity0 , necessitating thorough investigations. More than 50% have a @entity7 including postvaricella @entity12 , dissection, moyamoya, or @entity10 . Intravascular mechanisms are frequently present, including dehydration. @entity11 are also associated with @entity6 in @entity0 , and include @entity13 and @entity3 . The latter have been identified in from one third to one half of @entity0 with @entity6 , are usually acquired, and frequently act in concert with other risk factors for @entity2 . The most common @entity8 source is @entity5 , which is present in 25% of @entity0 with @entity6 . Outcomes include @entity4 in 6% and @entity1 in two thirds of @entity0 . Given that no clinical trials have been completed in pediatric @entity2 to date, treatment is empiric. Initial neuroprotective strategies aim to reduce the size of the @entity9 . For older children antithrombotic agents (antiplatelet drugs and anticoagulants) are given to reduce the 20 to 30% risk of recurrence. There are coordinated research efforts currently being initiated, which over the next decade will result in clinical trials in this understudied condition.

title: Arterial ischemic strokes in @entity0 and XXXX : an overview of current approaches.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The current clinicopathologic study for evaluation of superficial @entity2 still has limitations in predicting the true behavior of recurrence. To determine the high-risk recurrence factors, we studied the influence of Ki-67, @entity4 , @entity3 and @entity6 ( @entity6 ) expression. Samples were obtained from 33 pTa and 46pT1 diagnosed @entity2 @entity0 with a mean follow-up of 48.7 +/- 30.6 months. The contingency table method, Kaplan-Meier curve and multivariate analysis were used to evaluate the association among the immunohistochemical factors expression, clinicopathologic parameters with @entity1 recurrence. Stage @entity5 @entity1 , @entity1 and large @entity1 (> 3 cm) showed a significantly high recurrence rate (p = 0.0158, p = 0.0162, p = 0.0001 respectively). Tumors with overexpression of Ki-67, @entity4 and @entity3 were more likely to recur (p = 0.0035, p = 0.0027, p = 0.0076 respectively), @entity6 expression was not associated with recurrence. Multivariate analysis showed that large @entity1 and high Ki-67 expression were independent indicators of recurrence. On the other hand, in @entity1 less than 1 cm, recurrence was significantly correlated with overexpression of Ki-67 and @entity3 . High Ki-67 expression could discriminate higher recurrence cases in grade 2, @entity5 and single @entity1 . The @entity4 overexpression was more frequently associated with recurrence in @entity1 , large @entity1 , multiple and grade 1 @entity1 . The @entity3 overexpression also predicted a higher risk of recurrence in pTa @entity1 . These data demonstrated that the use of proliferative related proteins yields significant prognostic information in addition to clinicopathological factors, high Ki-67 expression is a reliable indicator of recurrence. A combination rather than any factor alone could more accurately predict @entity1 recurrence.

title: Proliferative status is a risk index for recurrence in primary superficial (pTa/T1) low-grade urothelial XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiac surgery is being performed with increasing frequency in @entity0 aged 80 years and older. OBJECTIVES: To examine the long and short-term results of surgery in this age group. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated 202 consecutive @entity0 aged 80 years or older who underwent cardiac surgery between 1991 and 1999, Ninety-six operations (48%) were urgent. RESULTS: The study group comprised 140 @entity0 (69%) and 62 @entity0 (31%) with a mean age of 82.1 years (range 80-89). Preoperatively, 120 @entity0 (59%) had @entity9 , 37 (18%) had @entity4 , 22 (11%) had @entity2 , 17 (8.5%) had a history of @entity1 and 13 (6.5%) had previous cardiac surgery. Hospital mortality for the whole group was 7.4%. @entity3 included: re-exploration for @entity5 in 15 (7.4%), @entity1 in 8 (4%), sternal wound infection in 3 (1.5%), low cardiac output in 17 (8.4%), new Q wave @entity6 in 5 (2.5%), @entity2 in 17 (8.5%), and @entity8 in 71 (35%). The actuarial survival for @entity0 discharged from the hospital was 66% at 5 years and 46% at 8 years. The type of surgical procedure was significantly associated with increased early mortality (coronary artery bypass grafting only in 2.9%, CABG + valve in 16.1%, valve only in 16.7%; P = 0.01). Significant predictors (P < 0.05) for late mortality included type of surgical procedure, @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: When appropriately applied in selected octogenarians, cardiac surgery can be performed with acceptable mortality and good long-term results.

title: Cardiac surgery in octogenarians--a better prognosis in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: S: To study the change in disability over 10 years in individual @entity0 constituting the 1991 Olmsted County, MN, @entity1 ( @entity1 ) prevalence cohort. METHODS: The authors reassessed this 1991 cohort in 2001. The authors determined the @entity3 ( @entity3 ) for each @entity0 still alive, and within the year prior to death for those who died. The authors analyzed determinants of potential prognostic significance on change in disability. RESULTS: Follow-up information was available for 161 of 162 @entity0 in the 1991 cohort. Only 15% had received immunomodulatory therapy. The mean change in @entity3 for the entire cohort over 10 years was 1 point and 20% worsened by >or=2 points. For @entity0 with @entity3 <3 in 1991 (n = 66), 83% were ambulatory without a cane 10 years later. For @entity0 with @entity3 of 3 through 5 in 1991 (n = 33), 51% required a cane to ambulate (48%) or worse (3%). For @entity0 with @entity3 6 to 7 in 1991 (n = 39), 51% required a wheelchair or worse in 2001. Gait impairment at onset, @entity2 were associated with more worsening of disability (p < 0.002). The 10-year survival was decreased compared with the Minnesota white population for both @entity0 and @entity0 . CONCLUSIONS: Although survival was reduced and 30% of @entity0 progressed to needing a cane or wheelchair or worse over the 10-year follow-up period, most remained stable or minimally progressed. @entity0 within the @entity3 3.0 through 5.0 range are at moderate risk of developing important gait limitations over the 10-year period. The authors did not identify factors strongly predictive of worsening disability in this study.

title: Change in XXXX -related disability in a population-based cohort: a 10-year follow-up study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of resin restorations placed supragingivally or impinging periodontal biologic width (PBW). Ten @entity0 (aged 19 to 35 years) with at least two contralateral teeth (premolars and molars) in need of proximal subgingival restorations participated. @entity3 ( @entity3 ) (impingement of PBW with transsurgical restorations) and control croup (CG) (supragingival restorations after crown lengthening) were randomly assigned. @entity1 ( @entity1 ), @entity2 on probing (BOP), @entity4 ( @entity4 ), and clinical @entity5 (CAL) were evaluated at baseline and at 45, 90, and 180 days, and by transperiodontal probing at baseline and 180 days. Generalized estimating equations, Wald test, and t test were used (P  <= .05). @entity1 and BOP were reduced and maintained at low levels (less than 10% from day 45 on). @entity4 initially reduced in the @entity3 . At day 180, no intra- or intergroup differences were observed (P > .05). CAL was higher in the CG after surgery (P < .05) and remained stable for both groups throughout the study. In conclusion, proximal bonded restorations infringing on the PBW may not require clinical crown lengthening.

title: Response to Proximal Restorations Placed Either Subgingivally or Following Crown Lengthening in XXXX with No History of Periodontal Disease.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Worldwide, @entity2 ( @entity2 ) is the third most common @entity1 in @entity0 and second in @entity0 . The aim of the current study was to identify whether the @entity6 is indeed down-regulated in metastatic @entity2 and if it could be considered as a potential minimally invasive prognostic biomarker for @entity2 . METHODS: Exosomes were isolated and characterized from @entity0 with liver metastasis from CCR. The characterization of exosome was performed using TEM/SEM. HCT116 cells were treated with @entity6 mimic, NSM and @entity6 inhibitor. Functional assays included cell counting assay for 14 days, Matrigel invasion assay, apoptosis assay by flow cytometry using @entity5 - @entity4 , RT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS: Increased proliferation potential was proven for the cells transfected with @entity6 inhibitor, while the @entity6 mimic decreased the cell number. The cells transfected with the @entity6 inhibitor are aggressive and cross the membrane; 3.84% of the cells transfected with the @entity6 inhibitor entered apoptosis, while 6.45% of those transfected with the non-specific mimic were in programmed cell death, less than those transfected with the microRNA. RT-PCR for @entity3 expression showed that @entity3 is down-regulated for @entity6 inhibitor and up-regulated for the @entity6 mimic, a result confirmed by Western blotting. CONCLUSION: The present study brings to the forefront new data that suggest @entity6 as a new player in controlling the pathways responsible for inhibiting the natural history of @entity2 cells, via the @entity3 pathway.

title: Exosome-Carried microRNA-375 Inhibits Cell Progression and Dissemination via XXXX Blocking in Colon Cancer.

answer: @entity3


abstract: UNASSIGNED: With favourable 5-year survival rates up to 75%, liver transplantation (LT) is the treatment of @entity2 ( @entity2 ). Nonetheless, @entity1 recurrence after LT remains a challenge. The aim of this retrospective study was to develop a predictive score for @entity1 recurrence after LT by combining clinical parameters with @entity2 biomarkers (microRNA). A microRNA microarray analysis was used to compare microRNA expression patterns in tissue samples of 40 @entity0 with and without @entity2 recurrence after LT. In a screening cohort (n=18), the microRNA analysis identified significant differences in the expression of 13 microRNAs in @entity0 with @entity1 recurrence. Using the most significant microRNAs in this screening cohort, we could develop a predictive score, which combined the expression levels of @entity4 , @entity5 and the Milan criteria, and we could define low- and high-risk groups for @entity1 recurrence and @entity3 . The above score was evaluated in a second and independent cohort (n=22). In contrast to the Milan criteria alone, this score was significantly associated with @entity1 recurrence. Our analysis indicated that the use of a specific microRNA expression pattern in combination with a limited @entity1 burden as defined by the Milan criteria may lead to a more accurate prediction of @entity1 recurrence. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

title: A possible role of miRNAs as predictive markers for the recurrence of XXXX after liver transplantation.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Unrelieved @entity3 may have a negative impact on the physiological and psychological well-being of @entity0 . Pharmacological methods are currently used to relieve @entity2 in gynecological @entity0 ; however, inadequate @entity2 control is still reported, and the use of nonpharmacological @entity2 -relieving methods is increasingly being advocated, one of which is music therapy. The purpose of this literature review was to identify, summarize, and critically appraise current evidence on music therapy and @entity3 management among gynecological @entity0 . A systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, British Nursing Index, and Allied and Complementary Medicine was conducted using the search terms music, gynecological, @entity2 , surgery, operative, and post-operative to identify relevant articles in English from 1995 to the present. All identified articles were assessed independently for inclusion into review. A total of 7 articles were included after removal of duplicates and exclusion of irrelevant studies. All the included studies assessed the effects of music therapy on @entity3 intensity, and three of them measured @entity2 -related physiological symptoms. The findings indicated that music therapy, in general, was effective in reducing @entity2 intensity, fatigue, @entity1 , and analgesic consumption in gynecological @entity0 during the postoperative period. It is recommended as an adjunct to pharmacological @entity2 -relieving methods in reducing @entity3 . Future researches on music therapy to identify the most effective application and evaluate its effect by qualitative study are recommended.

title: Effect of Music Therapy on Postoperative Pain Management in Gynecological XXXX : A Literature Review.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To review the recent diagnosis and treatment experience with @entity2 and emphasize the importance of radiologic evaluation, microbiology and appropriate treatment selection in these @entity0 . METHODS: A respective review was conducted in 95 cases who were diagnosed as having deep neck from Jan. 2006 to March 2015. RESULTS: The primary diseases in 95 @entity0 with @entity2 were @entity5 or @entity5 (27 cases), @entity2 of upper respiratory tract (23 cases), odontogenic @entity1 (16 cases), foreign bodies in esophagus (9 cases), @entity5 (5 cases) and cause uncertain (15 cases). Computed tomography was performed in all of @entity0 to identify the location, extent, and character ( @entity9 in 47 cases or abscesses in 48 cases) of the @entity2 . The locations of abscess were @entity6 (25 cases), @entity10 (9 cases), submaxillary space abscess (6 cases), pretracheal space abscess (5 cases) and esophageal abscess (3 cases). COMPLICATIONS: @entity7 (2 cases), @entity8 (1 case), bilateral pneumothorax (2 cases), and upper digestive tract (1 case). Bacterial cultivation performed in 35 @entity0 and positive results were detected in 21. All @entity0 were given intravenous antibiotic therapy. Tracheotomy was performed in 4 cases. Preoperative contrast enhanced CT was performed in 42 @entity0 and indicated the formation of abscess. Three cases with the symptoms of @entity3 were transferred to ICU and one was cured. All the @entity0 were cured except two who died of massive @entity4 of upper digestive tract and @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: The airway patency in @entity0 with @entity2 must be ensured. Drainage may be mandatory in selected cases at presentation or in cases who fail to respond to parenteral antibiotics within the first 24-48 hours. Imaging evaluation plays a significant role in the diagnosis and rational therapeutic management in @entity2 . Bacterial cultivation can help to make the effective treatment and provide reliable evidence for the etiopathogenisis.

title: [ XXXX : clinical analyses of 95 cases].

answer: @entity2


abstract: UNASSIGNED: In the past, the indications for varicocelectomy are primarily for @entity3 with abnormal semen parameters, @entity7 / @entity2 in adolescents, and/or @entity1 . The surgical treatment of varicocele for @entity6 is controversial and debated. Recently, multiple reports in the literature have suggested that varicocele is associated with @entity6 and varicocele repair can increase @entity5 levels. @entity0 with hypogonadal symptoms should have at least two serum @entity5 levels. Microsurgical varicocelectomy may be beneficial for @entity0 with clinically palpable varicoceles with documented @entity6 . In this review, we summarize the most recent literature linking varicocele to @entity6 and @entity4 and the impact of repair on serum @entity5 levels. We performed a search of the published English literature. The key words used were "varicocele and @entity6 " and "varicocele surgery and @entity5 ." We included published studies after 1998. We, also, evaluated the effect of surgery on the changes in the serum @entity5 level regardless of the indication for the varicocele repair.

title: When is a varicocele repair indicated: the dilemma of XXXX and erectile dysfunction?

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Based on an inception cohort of 63 @entity0 with unilateral vocal fold @entity3 consecutively treated with thyroplasty and Montgomery's implant under local anesthesia during the years 1997-2002, we recorded i) morbidity and mortality, ii) evolution of @entity5 and swallowing impairment and iii) a prospective analysis of selected speech and voice parameters in an attempt to determine their evolution during the first 12 postoperative months and to search for potential statistical relationships with the following variables (age, gender, side of the @entity3 , etiology of the @entity3 , time between onset of @entity3 and thyroplasty, position of the paralyzed true vocal fold, nerve involved, associated pneumonectomy, prior intracordal injection of autologous fat and surgeon). RESULTS: The overall complication rate was 8%. Minor complications occurred in 6.5% of the @entity0 and included 4 cases of @entity1 successfully treated with oral @entity2 . Major complications occurred in 1.5% of the @entity0 . @entity4 requiring temporary tracheotomy was the major complication. Swallowing was improved in 93.5% of the @entity0 . Immediate improvement of speech and voice was noted in all. Secondary degradation of speech and voice occurred in one @entity0 . At revision thyroplasty lateral displacement of the implant was noted and successfully repositioned. At one month post-operatively, the values of maximum phonation time, speech rate, group phrasing standard deviation of the fundamental frequency, jitter and shimmer were statistically improved while the fundamental frequency did not vary significantly. At 12 months post-operatively the noise to harmonic ratio was improved while the other parameters remained stable. No significant statistical relationship was found between the post-operative speech and voice parameters and the variables under analysis. CONCLUSION: Based on the current series and a review of the medical literature, thyroplasty with Montgomery's implant under local anesthesia appears to be an easy, effective and safe procedure that might be used in all @entity0 with unilateral laryngeal nerve @entity3 .

title: [Montgomery thyroplasty implant under local anesthesia for unilateral XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Environmental stressors including @entity6 ( @entity6 ) during pre-, neo- and post-natal age have been documented to affect cognitive development and cause increased susceptibility to @entity1 . Most studies have addressed either of the three windows and that does not emulate the clinical conditions of @entity3 ( @entity3 ). Such data fail to provide a complete picture of the behavioral alterations in the F1 generation. The present study thus addresses the larger window from gestation to F1 generation, a new model of intra-generational @entity6 . Naive Sprague Dawley (SD) dams pre-gestationally switched to LP (8% protein) or @entity7 (20% protein) diets for 45 days were bred and maintained throughout gestation on same diets. Pups born ( @entity7 /LP dams) were maintained on the respective diets post-weaningly. The present study aimed to show the sex specific differences in the neurobehavioral evolution and behavioral phenotype of the @entity7 /LP F1 generation pups. A battery of neurodevelopmental reflex tests, behavioral (Open field and forelimb gripstrength test), and cognitive [Elevated plus maze (EPM) and Morris water maze (MWM)] assays were performed. A decelerated growth curve with significantly restricted body and brain weight, delays in apparition of neuro-reflexes and poor performance in the LP group @entity0 was recorded. Intra-generational @entity6 induced poor habituation-with-time in novel environment exploration, low @entity2 and hyperactive like profile in open field test in young and adult @entity0 . The study revealed poor forelimb neuromuscular strength in LP F1 pups till adulthood. Group occupancy plots in MWM test revealed @entity5 with poor learning, @entity4 and integration, thus modeling the signs of early onset Alzehemier phenotype. In addition, a gender specific effect of LP diet with severity in males and favoring female sex was also noticed.

title: Slow Physical Growth, Delayed Reflex Ontogeny, and Permanent Behavioral as Well as Cognitive Impairments in XXXX Following Intra-generational Protein Malnutrition.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recurrent @entity1 after radiotherapy (RT) may be managed by open neck or endoscopic surgery. The impact of endoscopic treatment with @entity2 laser for recurrent @entity1 after RT is reported. METHODS: We present the oncologic and vocal outcomes of a retrospective study based on a series of 16 @entity0 with rT1 and @entity3 @entity1 who were endoscopically managed between February 1995 and December 1999 after RT failure. All @entity0 were males with a mean age of 68.7 years (range, 50 to 87 years). Before RT, the lesions had been staged as T1 N0 in 11 @entity0 and @entity3 N0 in 5, and after RT as rT1 N0 in 12 and @entity3 N0 in 4. According to the European Laryngological Society classification, a total of 9 transmuscular, 3 total, and 4 extended cordectomies were performed. Mean follow-up was 45 months (range, 9 to 79 months). RESULTS: Endoscopic salvage surgery was successful in 14 @entity0 . One of them developed a second recurrence and was definitively cured with an additional endoscopic procedure. Two of the 16 @entity0 had recurrent disease after salvage laser surgery and died due to progression of disease. Ultimate local control with laser alone at 3 years was 87.1%, according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Laryngeal preservation was obtained in all survivors after endoscopic rescue surgery. Voice analysis showed a clear correlation between the amount of vocal cord tissue resected and decrease of the vocal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The present series indicates that selected recurrences after primary RT for T1 and @entity3 @entity1 are eligible for endoscopic salvage surgery with oncologic results comparable to those with open neck procedures but with a lower complication rate and a favorable functional outcome.

title: Carbon dioxide laser salvage surgery after radiotherapy failure in T1 and XXXX @entity1 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recurrent @entity1 after radiotherapy (RT) may be managed by open neck or endoscopic surgery. The impact of endoscopic treatment with @entity2 laser for recurrent @entity1 after RT is reported. METHODS: We present the oncologic and vocal outcomes of a retrospective study based on a series of 16 @entity0 with rT1 and @entity3 @entity1 who were endoscopically managed between February 1995 and December 1999 after RT failure. All @entity0 were males with a mean age of 68.7 years (range, 50 to 87 years). Before RT, the lesions had been staged as T1 N0 in 11 @entity0 and @entity3 N0 in 5, and after RT as rT1 N0 in 12 and @entity3 N0 in 4. According to the European Laryngological Society classification, a total of 9 transmuscular, 3 total, and 4 extended cordectomies were performed. Mean follow-up was 45 months (range, 9 to 79 months). RESULTS: Endoscopic salvage surgery was successful in 14 @entity0 . One of them developed a second recurrence and was definitively cured with an additional endoscopic procedure. Two of the 16 @entity0 had recurrent disease after salvage laser surgery and died due to progression of disease. Ultimate local control with laser alone at 3 years was 87.1%, according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Laryngeal preservation was obtained in all survivors after endoscopic rescue surgery. Voice analysis showed a clear correlation between the amount of vocal cord tissue resected and decrease of the vocal outcome. CONCLUSIONS: The present series indicates that selected recurrences after primary RT for T1 and @entity3 @entity1 are eligible for endoscopic salvage surgery with oncologic results comparable to those with open neck procedures but with a lower complication rate and a favorable functional outcome.

title: Carbon dioxide laser salvage surgery after radiotherapy failure in T1 and @entity3 XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recombinant @entity3 ( @entity4 ) has been administered to @entity0 with postpartum @entity2 in an attempt to accelerate their increase in hemoglobin concentration and reduce postpartum transfusions. However, it is not clear whether such an approach can be supported by evidence and should be generally recommended. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Medical and scientific literature from January 1990 to December 2002 was searched and studies that reported the administration of @entity4 to @entity0 with postpartum @entity2 were evaluated. RESULTS: Eight evaluated studies reported an aggregate of 480 @entity0 ; 300 @entity4 recipients and 180 controls. Significant diversity in design was observed in @entity4 dose, route of @entity4 administration, @entity1 supplementation, and baseline hemoglobin. No significant safety concerns were reported. In all five studies where it was reported, 4 to 7 days after beginning treatment, greater increases in hemoglobin concentration were observed among the @entity4 recipients than among the controls. However, heterogeneity of results (Q-test statistic, p<0.01) indicated that it was not appropriate to apply summary statistics. The effect of @entity4 on postpartum transfusion rate was not measurable by summary statistics because of the limited number of transfusions given (no transfusions among the 300 @entity4 recipients vs two transfusions among the 180 controls). CONCLUSION: Administration of @entity4 to @entity0 with postpartum @entity2 appears to be safe, and is associated with a trend toward a faster increase in hemoglobin concentration. However, its efficacy in terms of diminishing postpartum transfusions is unproven.

title: Effect of administering recombinant XXXX to @entity0 with postpartum @entity2 : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recombinant @entity3 ( @entity4 ) has been administered to @entity0 with postpartum @entity2 in an attempt to accelerate their increase in hemoglobin concentration and reduce postpartum transfusions. However, it is not clear whether such an approach can be supported by evidence and should be generally recommended. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Medical and scientific literature from January 1990 to December 2002 was searched and studies that reported the administration of @entity4 to @entity0 with postpartum @entity2 were evaluated. RESULTS: Eight evaluated studies reported an aggregate of 480 @entity0 ; 300 @entity4 recipients and 180 controls. Significant diversity in design was observed in @entity4 dose, route of @entity4 administration, @entity1 supplementation, and baseline hemoglobin. No significant safety concerns were reported. In all five studies where it was reported, 4 to 7 days after beginning treatment, greater increases in hemoglobin concentration were observed among the @entity4 recipients than among the controls. However, heterogeneity of results (Q-test statistic, p<0.01) indicated that it was not appropriate to apply summary statistics. The effect of @entity4 on postpartum transfusion rate was not measurable by summary statistics because of the limited number of transfusions given (no transfusions among the 300 @entity4 recipients vs two transfusions among the 180 controls). CONCLUSION: Administration of @entity4 to @entity0 with postpartum @entity2 appears to be safe, and is associated with a trend toward a faster increase in hemoglobin concentration. However, its efficacy in terms of diminishing postpartum transfusions is unproven.

title: Effect of administering recombinant @entity3 to @entity0 with postpartum XXXX : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVES: Recombinant @entity3 ( @entity4 ) has been administered to @entity0 with postpartum @entity2 in an attempt to accelerate their increase in hemoglobin concentration and reduce postpartum transfusions. However, it is not clear whether such an approach can be supported by evidence and should be generally recommended. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Medical and scientific literature from January 1990 to December 2002 was searched and studies that reported the administration of @entity4 to @entity0 with postpartum @entity2 were evaluated. RESULTS: Eight evaluated studies reported an aggregate of 480 @entity0 ; 300 @entity4 recipients and 180 controls. Significant diversity in design was observed in @entity4 dose, route of @entity4 administration, @entity1 supplementation, and baseline hemoglobin. No significant safety concerns were reported. In all five studies where it was reported, 4 to 7 days after beginning treatment, greater increases in hemoglobin concentration were observed among the @entity4 recipients than among the controls. However, heterogeneity of results (Q-test statistic, p<0.01) indicated that it was not appropriate to apply summary statistics. The effect of @entity4 on postpartum transfusion rate was not measurable by summary statistics because of the limited number of transfusions given (no transfusions among the 300 @entity4 recipients vs two transfusions among the 180 controls). CONCLUSION: Administration of @entity4 to @entity0 with postpartum @entity2 appears to be safe, and is associated with a trend toward a faster increase in hemoglobin concentration. However, its efficacy in terms of diminishing postpartum transfusions is unproven.

title: Effect of administering recombinant @entity3 to XXXX with postpartum @entity2 : a meta-analysis.

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity6 (AARF) is a relatively uncommon @entity2 , especially in association with @entity3 of the @entity4 . The @entity5 and fixation is normally caused by intercalated facet joints of @entity4 and atlas. A traumatic AARF in a 21 year old female is presented with special emphasis on the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. This high velocity @entity2 was caused by a traffic accident. The @entity2 service which was initially involved made the correct diagnosis and tried to reduce the dislocation by skull traction during analgesia and sedation, but without success. For further treatment, the @entity0 was referred to a level one @entity2 center. After completing the diagnostic imaging with MRI and CT for exact delineation of the @entity3 site and determination of ligament damage, a halo fixation for skull traction was installed. This second attempt was also unsuccessful. Only a closed reduction under general anesthesia with @entity1 led to a neutral alignment and congruent joint contact between C1 and C2. Due to the stable @entity3 site and the intact ligaments, a conservative treatment with a stable collar splint was performed.

title: [ XXXX with lateral mass @entity3 of the @entity4 ].

answer: @entity6