abstract: The effect of @entity0 on liveweight gain (LWG) was assessed by comparison of weight changes in @entity6 -treated N'Dama and Gobra @entity3 (16-20 months old) with respective control groups submitted to natural tick challenge over 1 year. @entity6 was applied monthly, fortnightly or weekly. Preventive treatments against @entity5 , @entity2 and trypanosomosis were given. Mortality rate was recorded and post-mortem examinations carried out. In both treated and control animals, significantly fewer Hyalomma spp. and Amblyomma variegatum were found on N'Dama than on Gobra @entity3 . Both breeds are equally susceptible to @entity0 . Total annual tick burdens did not cause significant differences in LWG between acaricide-treated and control @entity1 in either breeds. LWG was also not affected during or after the annual peak of @entity0 (composed mainly by A. variegatum and @entity7 ). Equally-high mortality (35%), due to unidentified causes, was recorded in acaricide-treated and control Gobra @entity1 ; mortality in N'Dama @entity1 was 7.5%. In both breeds, about the 90% of mortality occurred at the end of the dry season. Breed differences in tick burden confirm previous results. If @entity4 do not influence LWG or mortality, then it is concluded that intensive tick control is not justifiable in Gambian livestock.

title: Effect of controlling natural field- XXXX on the growth of N'Dama and Gobra @entity3 in the Gambia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The enzyme @entity0 is light-sensitive. In leaves, losses caused by photoinactivation are replaced by new enzyme and the rate of de novo synthesis must be rapidly and flexibly attuned to fluctuating light conditions. In mature rye leaves, post-transcriptional mechanisms were shown to control the rate of @entity0 synthesis. The amount of the leaf @entity0 ( @entity1 ) transcript did not increase with light intensity, but was even higher after dark exposure of light-grown leaves. Initiation was apparently not limiting translation in the dark, as the association of the @entity1 mRNA with polysomes did not change notably under different light conditions. By analysing the translation of @entity0 polypeptides in cell-free systems with poly(A)+ RNA from leaves or with mRNA transcribed from a @entity1 -containing cDNA clone, two mechanisms of post-transcriptional control were identified. First, translation of @entity0 depended on the presence of hemin. In leaves, the availability of hemin may signal the extent of @entity0 degradation as the hemin of the inactivated enzyme is recycled. Second, the translation efficiency of the @entity1 transcripts was reversibly modulated in a dose-dependent manner by the light intensity to which leaves were exposed, prior to extraction. The @entity1 mRNA from light-exposed leaves was translated much more efficiently than mRNA from dark-exposed leaves. The increase of its translation activity in vivo was not blocked by cordycepin but was suppressed by methylation inhibitors, indicating a reversible modification of pre-existing mRNA by methylation. Translation of in vitro synthesized @entity1 mRNA required a methylated cap (m7GpppG), but was virtually below detection when it contained an unmethylated cap (GpppG).

title: Post-transcriptional mechanisms control XXXX synthesis during its light-induced turnover in rye leaves through the availability of the hemin cofactor and reversible changes of the translation efficiency of mRNA.

answer: @entity0


abstract: We employed a bile duct ligation (BDL) model of @entity2 to test the hypothesis that this form of preexisting @entity3 alters the kinetics of circulating @entity13 and @entity7 after @entity5 @entity16 , thereby augmenting mortality and @entity9 by a @entity13 :leukotriene (LT) @entity14 of @entity0 . Male @entity1 were catheterized 13 d after BDL or sham surgery and studied while awake 18 to 24 h later. @entity12 after BDL was confirmed by baseline serum @entity8 (BDL = 7.34 +/- 0.72 mg/dl, mean +/- SEM, n = 17 versus Sham = 0.25 +/- 0.07, n = 20; p < 0.005) and histopathology. Sham and BDL animals received @entity5 @entity19 ( @entity19 , 5 mg/kg i.v.) or 0.9% @entity10 (NS) ending at t = 0 and were monitored over 24 h for vital signs and hemodynamics. In parallel studies, lipoxygenase inhibition was performed using @entity17 or the 5-lipoxygenase activating-protein inhibitor @entity18 . Blood was collected at baseline and at t = 1.5, 3.5, and 24 h for formed elements and for serum endotoxin, @entity13 , @entity7 , @entity8 , and @entity4 aminotransferase (ALT). Organs were evaluated at 24 h for histopathology, including neutrophil (PMN) densities and wet/dry weight (W/D) ratios. @entity12 reduced survival after otherwise nonlethal @entity16 , with seven of 11 BDL + @entity19 @entity1 dying within 24 h versus no deaths in BDL + NS (n = 6), Sham + @entity19 (n = 14), or Sham + NS (n = 6) animals (p < 0.01). Despite equivalent serum endotoxin between groups, circulating @entity13 was 8-fold higher in BDL + @entity19 than in Sham + @entity19 @entity1 at 1.5 and 3.5 h (p < 0.001), whereas serum @entity13 did not differ between BDL + NS and Sham + NS @entity1 . @entity7 likewise was increased differentially by 1.5 h in BDL + @entity19 animals (11.98 +/- 2.42 ng/ml) versus Sham + @entity19 @entity1 (3.05 +/- 0.58 ng/ml, p < 0.05). @entity15 , @entity6 , and @entity11 were most severe and prolonged in BDL + @entity19 @entity1 , which also had significantly higher ALT values, W/D ratios, and organ PMN counts. LT inhibition failed to reduce BDL-related differences in serum cytokines or survival after @entity16 . Thus, @entity12 augments inflammatory responses to gram-negative @entity16 , sensitizing the host to enhanced fluid flux in multiple organs and to mortality by a LT-independent mechanism.

title: @entity2 increases circulating @entity13 and @entity7 and mortality after @entity5 XXXX .

answer: @entity16


abstract: We employed a bile duct ligation (BDL) model of @entity2 to test the hypothesis that this form of preexisting @entity3 alters the kinetics of circulating @entity13 and @entity7 after @entity5 @entity16 , thereby augmenting mortality and @entity9 by a @entity13 :leukotriene (LT) @entity14 of @entity0 . Male @entity1 were catheterized 13 d after BDL or sham surgery and studied while awake 18 to 24 h later. @entity12 after BDL was confirmed by baseline serum @entity8 (BDL = 7.34 +/- 0.72 mg/dl, mean +/- SEM, n = 17 versus Sham = 0.25 +/- 0.07, n = 20; p < 0.005) and histopathology. Sham and BDL animals received @entity5 @entity19 ( @entity19 , 5 mg/kg i.v.) or 0.9% @entity10 (NS) ending at t = 0 and were monitored over 24 h for vital signs and hemodynamics. In parallel studies, lipoxygenase inhibition was performed using @entity17 or the 5-lipoxygenase activating-protein inhibitor @entity18 . Blood was collected at baseline and at t = 1.5, 3.5, and 24 h for formed elements and for serum endotoxin, @entity13 , @entity7 , @entity8 , and @entity4 aminotransferase (ALT). Organs were evaluated at 24 h for histopathology, including neutrophil (PMN) densities and wet/dry weight (W/D) ratios. @entity12 reduced survival after otherwise nonlethal @entity16 , with seven of 11 BDL + @entity19 @entity1 dying within 24 h versus no deaths in BDL + NS (n = 6), Sham + @entity19 (n = 14), or Sham + NS (n = 6) animals (p < 0.01). Despite equivalent serum endotoxin between groups, circulating @entity13 was 8-fold higher in BDL + @entity19 than in Sham + @entity19 @entity1 at 1.5 and 3.5 h (p < 0.001), whereas serum @entity13 did not differ between BDL + NS and Sham + NS @entity1 . @entity7 likewise was increased differentially by 1.5 h in BDL + @entity19 animals (11.98 +/- 2.42 ng/ml) versus Sham + @entity19 @entity1 (3.05 +/- 0.58 ng/ml, p < 0.05). @entity15 , @entity6 , and @entity11 were most severe and prolonged in BDL + @entity19 @entity1 , which also had significantly higher ALT values, W/D ratios, and organ PMN counts. LT inhibition failed to reduce BDL-related differences in serum cytokines or survival after @entity16 . Thus, @entity12 augments inflammatory responses to gram-negative @entity16 , sensitizing the host to enhanced fluid flux in multiple organs and to mortality by a LT-independent mechanism.

title: XXXX increases circulating @entity13 and @entity7 and mortality after @entity5 @entity16 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: We employed a bile duct ligation (BDL) model of @entity2 to test the hypothesis that this form of preexisting @entity3 alters the kinetics of circulating @entity13 and @entity7 after @entity5 @entity16 , thereby augmenting mortality and @entity9 by a @entity13 :leukotriene (LT) @entity14 of @entity0 . Male @entity1 were catheterized 13 d after BDL or sham surgery and studied while awake 18 to 24 h later. @entity12 after BDL was confirmed by baseline serum @entity8 (BDL = 7.34 +/- 0.72 mg/dl, mean +/- SEM, n = 17 versus Sham = 0.25 +/- 0.07, n = 20; p < 0.005) and histopathology. Sham and BDL animals received @entity5 @entity19 ( @entity19 , 5 mg/kg i.v.) or 0.9% @entity10 (NS) ending at t = 0 and were monitored over 24 h for vital signs and hemodynamics. In parallel studies, lipoxygenase inhibition was performed using @entity17 or the 5-lipoxygenase activating-protein inhibitor @entity18 . Blood was collected at baseline and at t = 1.5, 3.5, and 24 h for formed elements and for serum endotoxin, @entity13 , @entity7 , @entity8 , and @entity4 aminotransferase (ALT). Organs were evaluated at 24 h for histopathology, including neutrophil (PMN) densities and wet/dry weight (W/D) ratios. @entity12 reduced survival after otherwise nonlethal @entity16 , with seven of 11 BDL + @entity19 @entity1 dying within 24 h versus no deaths in BDL + NS (n = 6), Sham + @entity19 (n = 14), or Sham + NS (n = 6) animals (p < 0.01). Despite equivalent serum endotoxin between groups, circulating @entity13 was 8-fold higher in BDL + @entity19 than in Sham + @entity19 @entity1 at 1.5 and 3.5 h (p < 0.001), whereas serum @entity13 did not differ between BDL + NS and Sham + NS @entity1 . @entity7 likewise was increased differentially by 1.5 h in BDL + @entity19 animals (11.98 +/- 2.42 ng/ml) versus Sham + @entity19 @entity1 (3.05 +/- 0.58 ng/ml, p < 0.05). @entity15 , @entity6 , and @entity11 were most severe and prolonged in BDL + @entity19 @entity1 , which also had significantly higher ALT values, W/D ratios, and organ PMN counts. LT inhibition failed to reduce BDL-related differences in serum cytokines or survival after @entity16 . Thus, @entity12 augments inflammatory responses to gram-negative @entity16 , sensitizing the host to enhanced fluid flux in multiple organs and to mortality by a LT-independent mechanism.

title: @entity2 increases circulating @entity13 and @entity7 and mortality after XXXX @entity16 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: We employed a bile duct ligation (BDL) model of @entity2 to test the hypothesis that this form of preexisting @entity3 alters the kinetics of circulating @entity13 and @entity7 after @entity5 @entity16 , thereby augmenting mortality and @entity9 by a @entity13 :leukotriene (LT) @entity14 of @entity0 . Male @entity1 were catheterized 13 d after BDL or sham surgery and studied while awake 18 to 24 h later. @entity12 after BDL was confirmed by baseline serum @entity8 (BDL = 7.34 +/- 0.72 mg/dl, mean +/- SEM, n = 17 versus Sham = 0.25 +/- 0.07, n = 20; p < 0.005) and histopathology. Sham and BDL animals received @entity5 @entity19 ( @entity19 , 5 mg/kg i.v.) or 0.9% @entity10 (NS) ending at t = 0 and were monitored over 24 h for vital signs and hemodynamics. In parallel studies, lipoxygenase inhibition was performed using @entity17 or the 5-lipoxygenase activating-protein inhibitor @entity18 . Blood was collected at baseline and at t = 1.5, 3.5, and 24 h for formed elements and for serum endotoxin, @entity13 , @entity7 , @entity8 , and @entity4 aminotransferase (ALT). Organs were evaluated at 24 h for histopathology, including neutrophil (PMN) densities and wet/dry weight (W/D) ratios. @entity12 reduced survival after otherwise nonlethal @entity16 , with seven of 11 BDL + @entity19 @entity1 dying within 24 h versus no deaths in BDL + NS (n = 6), Sham + @entity19 (n = 14), or Sham + NS (n = 6) animals (p < 0.01). Despite equivalent serum endotoxin between groups, circulating @entity13 was 8-fold higher in BDL + @entity19 than in Sham + @entity19 @entity1 at 1.5 and 3.5 h (p < 0.001), whereas serum @entity13 did not differ between BDL + NS and Sham + NS @entity1 . @entity7 likewise was increased differentially by 1.5 h in BDL + @entity19 animals (11.98 +/- 2.42 ng/ml) versus Sham + @entity19 @entity1 (3.05 +/- 0.58 ng/ml, p < 0.05). @entity15 , @entity6 , and @entity11 were most severe and prolonged in BDL + @entity19 @entity1 , which also had significantly higher ALT values, W/D ratios, and organ PMN counts. LT inhibition failed to reduce BDL-related differences in serum cytokines or survival after @entity16 . Thus, @entity12 augments inflammatory responses to gram-negative @entity16 , sensitizing the host to enhanced fluid flux in multiple organs and to mortality by a LT-independent mechanism.

title: @entity2 increases circulating @entity13 and XXXX and mortality after @entity5 @entity16 .

answer: @entity7


abstract: We employed a bile duct ligation (BDL) model of @entity2 to test the hypothesis that this form of preexisting @entity3 alters the kinetics of circulating @entity13 and @entity7 after @entity5 @entity16 , thereby augmenting mortality and @entity9 by a @entity13 :leukotriene (LT) @entity14 of @entity0 . Male @entity1 were catheterized 13 d after BDL or sham surgery and studied while awake 18 to 24 h later. @entity12 after BDL was confirmed by baseline serum @entity8 (BDL = 7.34 +/- 0.72 mg/dl, mean +/- SEM, n = 17 versus Sham = 0.25 +/- 0.07, n = 20; p < 0.005) and histopathology. Sham and BDL animals received @entity5 @entity19 ( @entity19 , 5 mg/kg i.v.) or 0.9% @entity10 (NS) ending at t = 0 and were monitored over 24 h for vital signs and hemodynamics. In parallel studies, lipoxygenase inhibition was performed using @entity17 or the 5-lipoxygenase activating-protein inhibitor @entity18 . Blood was collected at baseline and at t = 1.5, 3.5, and 24 h for formed elements and for serum endotoxin, @entity13 , @entity7 , @entity8 , and @entity4 aminotransferase (ALT). Organs were evaluated at 24 h for histopathology, including neutrophil (PMN) densities and wet/dry weight (W/D) ratios. @entity12 reduced survival after otherwise nonlethal @entity16 , with seven of 11 BDL + @entity19 @entity1 dying within 24 h versus no deaths in BDL + NS (n = 6), Sham + @entity19 (n = 14), or Sham + NS (n = 6) animals (p < 0.01). Despite equivalent serum endotoxin between groups, circulating @entity13 was 8-fold higher in BDL + @entity19 than in Sham + @entity19 @entity1 at 1.5 and 3.5 h (p < 0.001), whereas serum @entity13 did not differ between BDL + NS and Sham + NS @entity1 . @entity7 likewise was increased differentially by 1.5 h in BDL + @entity19 animals (11.98 +/- 2.42 ng/ml) versus Sham + @entity19 @entity1 (3.05 +/- 0.58 ng/ml, p < 0.05). @entity15 , @entity6 , and @entity11 were most severe and prolonged in BDL + @entity19 @entity1 , which also had significantly higher ALT values, W/D ratios, and organ PMN counts. LT inhibition failed to reduce BDL-related differences in serum cytokines or survival after @entity16 . Thus, @entity12 augments inflammatory responses to gram-negative @entity16 , sensitizing the host to enhanced fluid flux in multiple organs and to mortality by a LT-independent mechanism.

title: @entity2 increases circulating XXXX and @entity7 and mortality after @entity5 @entity16 .

answer: @entity13


abstract: Peptide elution and expression cloning methods have been used to identify T cell-recognized antigens for which no molecular information is available. We identified a unique @entity0 antigen peptide pRL1a, IPGLPLSL that is recognized by CTL on BALB/c RL male 1 @entity5 by peptide elution. The sequence of the peptide corresponded to the normally untranslated 5' region of akt. @entity3 was generated in BALB/c spleen cells by in vivo and in vitro sensitization with pRL1a peptide in the form of multiple antigen peptide (MAP), but not the original form. @entity9 a MAP immunization had a significant growth-inhibitory effect. @entity9 a MAP was mostly internalized into the endosomal compartment of antigen-presenting cells, leaked to the cytosol, and degraded, and the pRL1a peptide produced was presented through the MHC class I pathway. In vivo depletion of @entity6 T cells from @entity0 -inoculated BALB/c @entity1 caused RL male 1 regression. Overexpression of the RLakt molecule seemed to induce @entity6 immunoregulatory cells, which resulted in progressive RL male 1 growth in BALB/c @entity1 . In vivo administration of anti- @entity8 mAb (PC61) caused regression of RL male 1, suggesting that @entity6 (+) @entity8 (+) immunoregulatory cells were involved in the @entity0 growth. Recently, we improved the sensitivity and the efficacy of T cell antigen cloning from cDNA expression libraries by using large- and small-scale ELISPOT assays. Using the @entity2 ELISPOT method, we obtained a cDNA clone S35 of 937 bp recognized by AT-1 CTL on BALB/c Meth @entity4 . S35 was a part of the @entity7 -regulated nuclear matrix-associated protein (ramp). AT-1 CTL recognized the peptide LGAEAIFRL, which was derived from a newly created open reading frame due to the exon 14 extension.

title: @entity1 XXXX RL male 1 and @entity4 Meth A antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL).

answer: @entity5


abstract: Peptide elution and expression cloning methods have been used to identify T cell-recognized antigens for which no molecular information is available. We identified a unique @entity0 antigen peptide pRL1a, IPGLPLSL that is recognized by CTL on BALB/c RL male 1 @entity5 by peptide elution. The sequence of the peptide corresponded to the normally untranslated 5' region of akt. @entity3 was generated in BALB/c spleen cells by in vivo and in vitro sensitization with pRL1a peptide in the form of multiple antigen peptide (MAP), but not the original form. @entity9 a MAP immunization had a significant growth-inhibitory effect. @entity9 a MAP was mostly internalized into the endosomal compartment of antigen-presenting cells, leaked to the cytosol, and degraded, and the pRL1a peptide produced was presented through the MHC class I pathway. In vivo depletion of @entity6 T cells from @entity0 -inoculated BALB/c @entity1 caused RL male 1 regression. Overexpression of the RLakt molecule seemed to induce @entity6 immunoregulatory cells, which resulted in progressive RL male 1 growth in BALB/c @entity1 . In vivo administration of anti- @entity8 mAb (PC61) caused regression of RL male 1, suggesting that @entity6 (+) @entity8 (+) immunoregulatory cells were involved in the @entity0 growth. Recently, we improved the sensitivity and the efficacy of T cell antigen cloning from cDNA expression libraries by using large- and small-scale ELISPOT assays. Using the @entity2 ELISPOT method, we obtained a cDNA clone S35 of 937 bp recognized by AT-1 CTL on BALB/c Meth @entity4 . S35 was a part of the @entity7 -regulated nuclear matrix-associated protein (ramp). AT-1 CTL recognized the peptide LGAEAIFRL, which was derived from a newly created open reading frame due to the exon 14 extension.

title: @entity1 @entity5 RL male 1 and XXXX Meth A antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL).

answer: @entity4


abstract: Peptide elution and expression cloning methods have been used to identify T cell-recognized antigens for which no molecular information is available. We identified a unique @entity0 antigen peptide pRL1a, IPGLPLSL that is recognized by CTL on BALB/c RL male 1 @entity5 by peptide elution. The sequence of the peptide corresponded to the normally untranslated 5' region of akt. @entity3 was generated in BALB/c spleen cells by in vivo and in vitro sensitization with pRL1a peptide in the form of multiple antigen peptide (MAP), but not the original form. @entity9 a MAP immunization had a significant growth-inhibitory effect. @entity9 a MAP was mostly internalized into the endosomal compartment of antigen-presenting cells, leaked to the cytosol, and degraded, and the pRL1a peptide produced was presented through the MHC class I pathway. In vivo depletion of @entity6 T cells from @entity0 -inoculated BALB/c @entity1 caused RL male 1 regression. Overexpression of the RLakt molecule seemed to induce @entity6 immunoregulatory cells, which resulted in progressive RL male 1 growth in BALB/c @entity1 . In vivo administration of anti- @entity8 mAb (PC61) caused regression of RL male 1, suggesting that @entity6 (+) @entity8 (+) immunoregulatory cells were involved in the @entity0 growth. Recently, we improved the sensitivity and the efficacy of T cell antigen cloning from cDNA expression libraries by using large- and small-scale ELISPOT assays. Using the @entity2 ELISPOT method, we obtained a cDNA clone S35 of 937 bp recognized by AT-1 CTL on BALB/c Meth @entity4 . S35 was a part of the @entity7 -regulated nuclear matrix-associated protein (ramp). AT-1 CTL recognized the peptide LGAEAIFRL, which was derived from a newly created open reading frame due to the exon 14 extension.

title: XXXX @entity5 RL male 1 and @entity4 Meth A antigens recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL).

answer: @entity1


abstract: Multipotential retinal precursors give rise to all cell types seen in @entity5 . The generation of differentiation and diversity of neuronal cell types is determined by both extrinsic regulatory signals and endogenous genetic programs. We have previously reported that cell commitment in @entity0 retinal precursor cells (SV-40T) can be modified in response to exogenous growth factors, basic fibroblast growth factor, and @entity2 ( @entity3 and @entity6 ). We report in this study that nontransformed @entity0 retinal precursors differentiate into photoreceptors by a cell density-dependent mechanism, and the effects were potentiated by @entity3 and @entity6 alone or in combination. A larger proportion of multipotential precursors plated at a density of 1 x 10(4) cells/cm(2) differentiated into neurons (photoreceptors) compared to cells plated @entity1 x 10(4)/cm(2) and 1 x 10(5) cells/cm(2) under serum-free conditions and the effects were amplified seven- to eightfold in response to growth factors. Basic fibroblast growth factor ( @entity3 ) and @entity6 can induce 90% of the cells to assume a photoreceptor phenotype at a lower cell density, compared to only 30 and 25% of the cells acquiring a photoreceptor phenotype at intermediate and higher cell densities. Furthermore, at a lower cell density, 60-70% of the cells incorporate @entity4 (Brdu), suggesting that cells in a cell cycle may make a commitment to a specific fate in response to neurotrophins. Neurons with a photoreceptor phenotype were positive for three different sets of antibodies for rods/cones. Cells also exhibited upregulation of other proteins such as a D4 receptor protein expressed in photoreceptors, protein kinase Calpha ( @entity7 ) expressed in rod bipolars and blue cones, and some other neuronal cell types. This was also confirmed by Western blot analysis. Newly derived photoreceptors survive for a few days before significant cell death ensues under serum-free conditions. To summarize, differentiation in precursors is density dependent, and growth factors amplify the effects.

title: Density-dependent differentiation in nontransformed XXXX retinal progenitor cells in response to basic fibroblast growth factor- and transforming growth factor-alpha.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: @entity8 is a clinical variant of @entity4 which involves the deep dermis and the subcutaneous fat. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the clinical profile of Asian @entity0 with this condition. METHODS: This was a retrospective study of all histologically confirmed @entity8 seen at our center between 1992 and 1997. The age, sex, past history/subsequent diagnosis of @entity4 ( @entity4 ), presence of clinical @entity7 ( @entity7 ) changes on overlying skin, direct immunofluorescence, serologic, and histologic findings were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 12 cases of @entity8 , two of which were in @entity0 already diagnosed with @entity4 and one in which the @entity0 subsequently evolved into @entity4 . The mean age at diagnosis was 31.3 years. The face (50%), upper limbs (33%), and scalp (25%) were the most common sites of involvement. Thirty-three per cent had clinical evidence of @entity7 on the overlying skin, whilst 67% had histologic features of @entity7 on the overlying skin. A lupus band was present in 36%. Antinuclear antibody (ANA) was positive in three of 11 cases; these were in the two @entity0 who already had @entity4 and in the only @entity0 who progressed to @entity4 . All of the cases showed fat @entity2 and, in the majority of cases, there was associated lobular and @entity1 . Thirty-three per cent showed @entity5 and 75% had mucin deposition. None had lymphoid nodules, @entity6 , or @entity3 . CONCLUSIONS: @entity8 affects a younger age group in Asians as compared with the Western population. Although about one-third of @entity0 show clinical evidence of overlying @entity7 , two-thirds of @entity0 show histologic evidence of @entity7 . It tends to have a mild disease course in the majority of cases.

title: XXXX : a clinicopathologic study.

answer: @entity8


abstract: The @entity1 of @entity7 , a selective inhibitor of endoplasmic reticular @entity2 -ATPase, was investigated in GT1-7 cells, a @entity0 hypothalamic cell line. Treatment of these cells with 50 or 100 nM @entity7 greatly reduced cell viability at 24 and 48 h. These doses of @entity7 induced a rapid rise in free cytosolic @entity2 ([ @entity2 ]i), followed by a sustained increase. Addition of EGTA to chelate extracellular @entity2 diminished somewhat the size of the initial increase of [ @entity2 ]i caused by @entity7 , and abolished the sustained increase. The sustained increase could also be abolished by addition of @entity10 and by @entity12 , a drug selective for receptor-mediated @entity3 entry, but not by @entity5 or @entity8 . Pretreatment with 50 microM BAPTA/AM, a cytosolic @entity2 chelator, inhibited the peak [ @entity2 ]i caused by @entity7 but did not inhibit the sustained elevation of [ @entity2 ]i. Neither @entity9 nor @entity11 /AM inhibited the cell death induced by @entity7 . The cell death was characterized by DNA fragmentation ("laddering"), nuclear condensation and fragmentation, and was inhibited by protein synthesis inhibitor @entity6 , all characteristic of apoptotic cell death. Overexpression of the protooncogene @entity4 in GT1-7 cells inhibited significantly DNA fragmentation, nuclear condensation and fragmentation, and cell death induced by @entity7 . However, @entity4 did not alter either basal [ @entity2 ]i or the elevation of [ @entity2 ]i induced by @entity7 . Our results suggest that abnormal @entity2 release from endoplasmic reticulum caused by @entity7 induces GT1-7 death by apoptosis and that this effect does not depend on @entity2 influx from the extracellular space. @entity4 inhibited apoptosis induced by @entity7 , but the mechanism is unlikely to be inhibition of endoplasmic reticular @entity2 release in GT1-7 neuronal cells.

title: XXXX protects against apoptosis in neuronal cell line caused by @entity7 -induced depletion of intracellular calcium stores.

answer: @entity4


abstract: The @entity1 of @entity7 , a selective inhibitor of endoplasmic reticular @entity2 -ATPase, was investigated in GT1-7 cells, a @entity0 hypothalamic cell line. Treatment of these cells with 50 or 100 nM @entity7 greatly reduced cell viability at 24 and 48 h. These doses of @entity7 induced a rapid rise in free cytosolic @entity2 ([ @entity2 ]i), followed by a sustained increase. Addition of EGTA to chelate extracellular @entity2 diminished somewhat the size of the initial increase of [ @entity2 ]i caused by @entity7 , and abolished the sustained increase. The sustained increase could also be abolished by addition of @entity10 and by @entity12 , a drug selective for receptor-mediated @entity3 entry, but not by @entity5 or @entity8 . Pretreatment with 50 microM BAPTA/AM, a cytosolic @entity2 chelator, inhibited the peak [ @entity2 ]i caused by @entity7 but did not inhibit the sustained elevation of [ @entity2 ]i. Neither @entity9 nor @entity11 /AM inhibited the cell death induced by @entity7 . The cell death was characterized by DNA fragmentation ("laddering"), nuclear condensation and fragmentation, and was inhibited by protein synthesis inhibitor @entity6 , all characteristic of apoptotic cell death. Overexpression of the protooncogene @entity4 in GT1-7 cells inhibited significantly DNA fragmentation, nuclear condensation and fragmentation, and cell death induced by @entity7 . However, @entity4 did not alter either basal [ @entity2 ]i or the elevation of [ @entity2 ]i induced by @entity7 . Our results suggest that abnormal @entity2 release from endoplasmic reticulum caused by @entity7 induces GT1-7 death by apoptosis and that this effect does not depend on @entity2 influx from the extracellular space. @entity4 inhibited apoptosis induced by @entity7 , but the mechanism is unlikely to be inhibition of endoplasmic reticular @entity2 release in GT1-7 neuronal cells.

title: @entity4 protects against apoptosis in neuronal cell line caused by XXXX -induced depletion of intracellular calcium stores.

answer: @entity7


abstract: Lasers can be used for binding tissues by welding, but the clinical application of this method has been limited by the difficulties in defining and maintaining the optimal conditions. Fiberoptic radiometry allows accurate remote temperature measurements for control of laser tissue welding. We evaluated the use of a temperature-controlled tissue welding system to close @entity3 . Eighty ex vivo @entity1 eyes were used for the determination of welding parameters optimal for corneal wound closure. A 4 mm central corneal cut was closed with use of a @entity2 laser (600 mw, 0.9 mm spot size), with tissue temperatures ranging from 45-70 degrees C and welding time ranging from 1-30 seconds. Wound strength was measured as burst pressure of the sealed wound. The welding parameters found to cause the strongest wound binding were used to weld a limbal incision of 4 mm in 10 adult albino @entity0 . The fellow eye of each animal was used as a control, and the same wound was closed with one 10/0 mersilen suture. Two animals were killed immediately after the procedure, and the eyes were sent for histologic examination. Eight @entity0 were followed for 1 month. Clinical examination and refraction were done 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month after the procedure. Corneal topographic evaluations were done 1 week after the procedure. After 1 month the animals were killed and the eyes were examined histologically. The optimal results of wound binding by laser welding in the enucleated @entity1 eyes were achieved with 55-60 degrees C and at a welding time of 12-20 seconds. At these parameters the burst pressure of corneal wounds was 70 mm Hg. All laser-welded limbal wounds in the @entity0 were tightly closed at the end of procedure and during the follow-up period. The refractive results after laser welding were equal to those of the controlled suture-closed wound. Laser tissue welding combined with tissue temperature monitoring can be used to close corneal wounds.

title: Temperature-controlled XXXX laser tissue welding of ocular tissues.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: We analyzed our 22 years of experience with extraanatomic bypass grafting for repair of aortic arch @entity4 in adults. Results from early and midterm follow-up with clinical evaluation and magnetic resonance angiography are reported. METHODS: Between November 1979 and December 2001, 18 consecutive @entity0 aged 18 to 61 years (mean, 31.8 +/- 13.3 years) underwent extraanatomic bypass grafting to repair @entity4 of the aortic arch. Six @entity0 (33.3%) had recoarctation after previous repair through a left thoracotomy, and 3 (16.7%) had associated @entity3 . The operative technique used in all @entity0 was ascending aorta-to-descending thoracic aorta bypass with a @entity5 fiber (Dacron) graft through a median sternotomy and posterior pericardial approach. RESULTS: Follow-up was completed in all @entity0 , with a mean duration of 5.6 +/- 5.7 years (range, 12 months to 22 years). The follow-up interval exceeded 10 years in 5 @entity0 . No @entity1 , early or late mortality, late reoperations, or graft complications occurred. Six @entity0 (33.3%) had mild @entity2 . All @entity0 were asymptomatic with patent Dacron grafts confirmed by echocardiography. Magnetic resonance angiography, performed in 15 (83.3%) @entity0 , revealed that the Dacron grafts were still patent at a mean interval of 4.0 +/- 6.2 years (range, 5 days to 22 years) after repair. CONCLUSIONS: Extraanatomic ascending aorta-to-descending thoracic aorta bypass grafting for repair of aortic arch @entity4 in adults is safe, with low morbidity and no mortality. The favorable midterm results indicate this technique is a safe and less invasive means of repairing aortic arch @entity4 or recoarctation in adults.

title: Extraanatomic aortic bypass for repair of aortic arch XXXX via sternotomy: midterm clinical and magnetic resonance imaging results.

answer: @entity4


abstract: TO PROLONG SURVIVAL: Systemic neo-adjuvant chemotherapy attempts to reduce the development of @entity1 . Data available on neoadjuvant chemotherapy of @entity4 come from three types of clinical trials. NEO-ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY PHASE II TRIALS: Many trials have demonstrated that the neo-adjuvant approach is feasible, that it leads to a high rate of response, to the order of 50 to 70%, that it does not compromise surgery, and exhibits acceptable @entity3 . High survival rates have been obtained, notably in total responders. NEO-ADJUVANT CHEMO-RADIOTHERAPY PHASE II TRIALS: Have essentially demonstrated that this approach is feasible, exhibits acceptable @entity3 , worse in pneumonectomy. High response rates have been obtained and relative improved survival, since most of the cases concerned extensive forms that could not be treated surgically. RANDOMIZED PHASE III TRIALS: Gave varying results: two of them only concerned small series of @entity0 (60 in all) with stage IIIA NSCB, with positive results. The third study concerned 373 @entity0 with @entity2 : survival at 3 years was increased by 11%, but this difference is not yet significant. Benefits were essentially apparent for stage I and II @entity0 . IN THE FUTURE: Continued active clinical research, oriented differently, on stage I and II, and stage IIIA is necessary.

title: [Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy of XXXX ( @entity4 )].

answer: @entity4


abstract: TO PROLONG SURVIVAL: Systemic neo-adjuvant chemotherapy attempts to reduce the development of @entity1 . Data available on neoadjuvant chemotherapy of @entity4 come from three types of clinical trials. NEO-ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY PHASE II TRIALS: Many trials have demonstrated that the neo-adjuvant approach is feasible, that it leads to a high rate of response, to the order of 50 to 70%, that it does not compromise surgery, and exhibits acceptable @entity3 . High survival rates have been obtained, notably in total responders. NEO-ADJUVANT CHEMO-RADIOTHERAPY PHASE II TRIALS: Have essentially demonstrated that this approach is feasible, exhibits acceptable @entity3 , worse in pneumonectomy. High response rates have been obtained and relative improved survival, since most of the cases concerned extensive forms that could not be treated surgically. RANDOMIZED PHASE III TRIALS: Gave varying results: two of them only concerned small series of @entity0 (60 in all) with stage IIIA NSCB, with positive results. The third study concerned 373 @entity0 with @entity2 : survival at 3 years was increased by 11%, but this difference is not yet significant. Benefits were essentially apparent for stage I and II @entity0 . IN THE FUTURE: Continued active clinical research, oriented differently, on stage I and II, and stage IIIA is necessary.

title: [Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy of @entity4 ( XXXX )].

answer: @entity4


abstract: Five ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (176 kg) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square to evaluate the effects of branched-chain @entity5 supplementation on N retention and plasma @entity5 concentrations of steers. Steers were limit-fed (3.0 kg/d of @entity4 ) twice daily diets low in ruminally undegradable protein (72% @entity2 hulls, 19% alfalfa, 5% molasses, and 4% vitamins and minerals). @entity1 (400 g/d) was continuously infused into the rumen. Treatments were continuous abomasal infusions of 1) 115 g/d of a mixture of 10 essential @entity5 designed to exceed the steers' requirements (10AA), 2) 10AA with Leu removed, 3) 10AA with Ile removed, 4) 10AA with @entity3 removed, and 5) 10AA with all three branched-chain @entity5 removed. Experimental periods were 7 d, with 3 d for adaptation to treatments and 4 d for total fecal and urinary collections for N balance. Blood samples were collected 5 h after feeding on d 7. Retained N decreased in response to removal of Leu (P < 0.06), @entity3 (P < 0.05), or all three branched-chain @entity5 (P < 0.05). Plasma Leu concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of Leu and all three branched-chain @entity5 . Plasma Ile concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of Ile and all three branched-chain @entity5 but increased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of Leu. Plasma @entity3 concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of @entity3 and all three branched-chain @entity5 but increased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of Leu. Responses in N balance and plasma @entity5 concentrations of growing @entity0 limit-fed @entity2 hull-based diets demonstrate limitations in the basal supply of Leu and @entity3 but not Ile provided that supplies of all other essential @entity5 are met.

title: Branched-chain amino acids for growing @entity0 limit-fed XXXX hull-based diets.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Five ruminally cannulated Holstein steers (176 kg) were used in a 5 x 5 Latin square to evaluate the effects of branched-chain @entity5 supplementation on N retention and plasma @entity5 concentrations of steers. Steers were limit-fed (3.0 kg/d of @entity4 ) twice daily diets low in ruminally undegradable protein (72% @entity2 hulls, 19% alfalfa, 5% molasses, and 4% vitamins and minerals). @entity1 (400 g/d) was continuously infused into the rumen. Treatments were continuous abomasal infusions of 1) 115 g/d of a mixture of 10 essential @entity5 designed to exceed the steers' requirements (10AA), 2) 10AA with Leu removed, 3) 10AA with Ile removed, 4) 10AA with @entity3 removed, and 5) 10AA with all three branched-chain @entity5 removed. Experimental periods were 7 d, with 3 d for adaptation to treatments and 4 d for total fecal and urinary collections for N balance. Blood samples were collected 5 h after feeding on d 7. Retained N decreased in response to removal of Leu (P < 0.06), @entity3 (P < 0.05), or all three branched-chain @entity5 (P < 0.05). Plasma Leu concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of Leu and all three branched-chain @entity5 . Plasma Ile concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of Ile and all three branched-chain @entity5 but increased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of Leu. Plasma @entity3 concentrations decreased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of @entity3 and all three branched-chain @entity5 but increased (P < 0.05) in response to removal of Leu. Responses in N balance and plasma @entity5 concentrations of growing @entity0 limit-fed @entity2 hull-based diets demonstrate limitations in the basal supply of Leu and @entity3 but not Ile provided that supplies of all other essential @entity5 are met.

title: Branched-chain amino acids for growing XXXX limit-fed @entity2 hull-based diets.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of lesions of the Achilles tendon was Investigated in 42 @entity0 and seven @entity2 . A standardised four-part ultrasonographic examination was established. Linear transducers with a frequency of more than 7.5 MHz were used. Ultrasonography allowed identification and differentiation of total @entity1 and the differentiation of partial @entity1 into deep or superficial @entity1 , or those comprising muscular tears. The healing process could be monitored and imaged using this technique. Suture material was readily visible in surgically treated cases. Displacement of the superficial @entity3 could be identified. In such cases, the tendon tissue was seen either medially or laterally to the calcaneus. The healing process of the Achilles tendon could also be documented using ultrasonography. However, it was not possible to determine the age of the injury and the exact end of the healing process. Ultrasonography therefore proved to be an excellent diagnostic method for imaging lesions of the Achilles tendon and associated injuries in @entity0 and @entity2 . After physical examination, the technique should be the next logical step in the evaluation of a suspected @entity4 .

title: Ultrasonographic examination of injuries to the achilles tendon in @entity0 and XXXX .

answer: @entity2


abstract: The value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of lesions of the Achilles tendon was Investigated in 42 @entity0 and seven @entity2 . A standardised four-part ultrasonographic examination was established. Linear transducers with a frequency of more than 7.5 MHz were used. Ultrasonography allowed identification and differentiation of total @entity1 and the differentiation of partial @entity1 into deep or superficial @entity1 , or those comprising muscular tears. The healing process could be monitored and imaged using this technique. Suture material was readily visible in surgically treated cases. Displacement of the superficial @entity3 could be identified. In such cases, the tendon tissue was seen either medially or laterally to the calcaneus. The healing process of the Achilles tendon could also be documented using ultrasonography. However, it was not possible to determine the age of the injury and the exact end of the healing process. Ultrasonography therefore proved to be an excellent diagnostic method for imaging lesions of the Achilles tendon and associated injuries in @entity0 and @entity2 . After physical examination, the technique should be the next logical step in the evaluation of a suspected @entity4 .

title: Ultrasonographic examination of injuries to the achilles tendon in XXXX and @entity2 .

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic @entity2 that affects approximately 2% of the US and European populations. One of the major focuses in @entity3 research has been the development of biologic therapies that provide selective, immunologically directed intervention with fewer adverse effects than traditional therapies. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to summarize the progress of 4 biologic agents available or under investigation for clinical use: infliximab, etanercept, efalizumab, and alefacept. METHODS: Relevant information was identified through a MEDLINE search of the literature (1966 to May 2003) using the terms biologic therapy, @entity3 , infliximab, etanercept, efalizumab, and alefacept. In addition, meeting posters from the American Academy of Dermatology (2003) and International Investigative Dermatology (2003) were reviewed and included if perceived to be reliable and relevant. RESULTS: In a Phase II trial of infliximab, the percentages of @entity0 reaching > or =75% improvement from baseline in the @entity3 area and severity index (PASI 75) at week 10 were as follows: 6% with placebo (3/51), 72% with infliximab 3 mg/kg (71/98), and 88% with infliximab 5 mg/kg (87/99). In a Phase III study, 34% of @entity0 receiving etanercept 25 mg SC twice weekly (55/162) achieved PASI 75 at 12 weeks and 44% (71/162) at 24 weeks. Also, 49% of those receiving etanercept 50 mg (81/164) achieved PASI 75 at 12 weeks, and 59% (97/164) at 24 weeks. In 2 Phase III trials with SC efalizumab 1.0 mg/kg or 2.0 mg/kg or placebo, 30% in the 1.0-mg/kg per week group (117/394) achieved PASI 75; in the 2.0-mg/kg per week group, 28% (113/409) did. In the placebo, 3.4% (10/292) achieved PASI 75. In a Phase III trial of IM alefacept 15 mg once weekly for 12 weeks, IM alefacept 10 mg once weekly for 12 weeks, or placebo, 21% of the 15-mg dose group (35/166) achieved PASI 75 at 2 weeks after the last dose, compared with 5% of the placebo group (8/168). In a Phase III study of the efficacy and tolerability of once-weekly alefacept 7.5 mg via IV bolus, 14% (53/367) and 4% (7/186) of @entity0 receiving alefacept and placebo achieved PASI 75 at week 14, respectively. Among those who received 2 courses of alefacept, 40% (73/183) and 71% (130/183) achieved PASI 75 and > or = 50% improvement in PASI, respectively. All 4 drugs have been generally well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: In the @entity0 treated to date, infliximab, etanercept, efalizumab, and alefacept have achieved successful therapy of @entity3 without the organ @entity1 seen with traditional systemic therapies. Potential limitations in the use of these agents include the expected high costs of treatment, lack of long-term follow-up, and the selective nature of the @entity0 populations treated thus far.

title: An overview of infliximab, etanercept, efalizumab, and alefacept as biologic therapy for XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: PURPOSE: Surgical excision is generally regarded as the treatment of choice for @entity3 . However, the approach and extent of surgery has been subject of much debate. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of endoscopic sinus surgery in the treatment of @entity4 . @entity0 AND METHODS: Thirteen cases of inverted @entity4 were evaluated. The follow-up averaged from 9 months to 48 months with a mean of 27 months. RESULTS: A close follow-up of all @entity0 was maintained. Seventy-seven per cent (10/13) of the @entity0 had no recurrence after the initial endoscopic procedure. Three @entity0 had recurrences of their @entity1 within 11 months after surgery, which means a rate of 23% (3/13). In 2 @entity0 , the recurrences were treated endoscopically. In one @entity0 , recurrence and malignant transformation (squamous cell @entity2 ) developed after 36 months, which means that the associated @entity2 rate was 7% (1/13). This @entity0 underwent radical maxillectomy and postoperative radiotherapy. None of the @entity0 died of @entity3 . CONCLUSION: Endoscopic sinus surgery is a viable treatment alternative for @entity4 in selected cases. This approach should be performed by experienced surgeons and a close follow-up is mandatory. When the disease is more extensive, it should be approached by radical surgery, e.g. en-bloc excision by medial maxillectomy via lateral rhinotomy or mid-facial degloving.

title: Endonasal endoscopic surgical treatment of XXXX --first experiences.

answer: @entity4


abstract: Most research on @entity1 kinematics has previously been performed in the walking and/or trotting animal. This is also true for the few studies on the kinematics of the @entity1 back. These studies have, for the major part, focused on the flexion-extension movement in the sagittal plane. However, vertebrae can rotate in 3 dimensions. This study was designed to determine all 3 rotations in various segments of the vertebral column of a cantering @entity1 . Five Dutch Warmblood @entity1 were measured during treadmill canter (7.3 m/s). Steinmann pins were inserted into the dorsal spinous processes of 8 thoracic (T), lumbar (L) and sacral (S) vertebrae and into both tubera coxae. A set of 4 markers was rigidly attached to each pin. The marker data were used to calculate a rotation matrix that was subsequently decomposed into 3 orthogonal rotations (flexion/extension [FE]; lateral bending [LB] and @entity0 [ @entity0 ]). For the 3 rotations the variability between the @entity1 was low for FE, slightly larger for @entity0 and largest for LB. The maximal range of motion (mean +/- s.d.) for FE, LB and @entity0 was 15.8 +/- 1.3 degrees, 5.2 +/- 0.7 degrees and 7.8 +/- 1.2 degrees, respectively. With respect to relative angles, the largest FE motion was found between L5 and S3 with values for the range of motion up to 8.6 degrees. Simultaneous rotation of successive vertebrae was observed particularly during the single support and suspension phases in the stride cycle, which increases spinal stability. For all rotations, a close correlation was observed between the timing of the @entity0 and the pro- and retraction of the limbs.

title: Three-dimensional kinematics of the XXXX spine during canter.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity8 ) is the aetiological agent of a number of diseases and not only of IBR, namely @entity0 ( @entity0 ), @entity0 ( @entity0 ), @entity5 , @entity4 , @entity3 , @entity7 , and lesions in the interdigital space. The serological identical strains differ, however, in some aspects. Typical genital strains usually cause a mild illness, sometimes not even detected clinically, but serologically. They hamper eradication programmes and do not cause IBR when inoculated intranasally. The other--modern--strains are, however, always able to induce a severe disease in the genital tracts. But infection of field or vaccine virus leads to the development of humoral and cell-mediated immunity. The latter is, however, not transmitted to neonates via colostrum. BHV1 antibodies can be found in @entity2 in all continents, and in many wild species. Prevalences vary greatly depending on herd size and management. Because seronegative @entity2 play a role in international trade a number of European countries have eradicated @entity6 , with very high costs involved. Marker and conventional vaccines can prevent disease but not infection followed by the state of latency. The genomes of several strains, including the marker strains can remain latent in the same animal and be reactivated after stress or injection of @entity1 . For the detection of humoral antibodies the ELISA is widely used. It is useful for testing bulk milk samples for antibodies derived from field virus and conventional vaccines but not from gE-deleted marker vaccines. Importing countries should consider only vaccinated animals for import. They should require that the animals are seronegative prior to vaccination.

title: Advances in XXXX (IBR) research.

answer: @entity6


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The hyperplastic response of the @entity4 during bacterial @entity5 media is thought to be mediated by the actions of growth factors and their respective receptors. The purpose of the study was to explore the expression of growth factors known to stimulate epithelial cells in other systems, as well as their receptors, in the @entity4 during @entity5 media. STUDY DESIGN: Expression of mRNA growth factors and receptors was measured over time after inoculation of the @entity1 middle ear with bacteria. METHODS: The middle ears of 12 male @entity1 were injected with 10(5)/mL @entity3 3655 (nontypeable, biotype II). Three @entity1 were killed at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Three untreated @entity1 were also killed to serve as negative controls. The @entity4 samples were surgically removed and homogenized. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed on each sample with primers for @entity1 epidermal growth factor, @entity6 (ErbB), heparin binding epidermal-like growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor receptor, @entity7 , betacellulin, amphiregulin, and neuregulin-alpha. RESULTS: Hepatocyte growth factor and @entity6 primers demonstrated polymerase chain reaction products of the expected size that were not displayed in the normal @entity4 . @entity7 and hepatocyte growth factor receptor demonstrated polymerase chain reaction products at all time points tested. Betacellulin and neuregulin-alpha products were present at all time points except 72 hours after @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study support a role for growth factors in the @entity4 during @entity5 media. These bioactive ingredients contribute to @entity0 .

title: Growth factors and their receptors in the XXXX during @entity5 media.

answer: @entity4


abstract: OBJECTIVE: The hyperplastic response of the @entity4 during bacterial @entity5 media is thought to be mediated by the actions of growth factors and their respective receptors. The purpose of the study was to explore the expression of growth factors known to stimulate epithelial cells in other systems, as well as their receptors, in the @entity4 during @entity5 media. STUDY DESIGN: Expression of mRNA growth factors and receptors was measured over time after inoculation of the @entity1 middle ear with bacteria. METHODS: The middle ears of 12 male @entity1 were injected with 10(5)/mL @entity3 3655 (nontypeable, biotype II). Three @entity1 were killed at 6, 24, 48, and 72 hours. Three untreated @entity1 were also killed to serve as negative controls. The @entity4 samples were surgically removed and homogenized. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed on each sample with primers for @entity1 epidermal growth factor, @entity6 (ErbB), heparin binding epidermal-like growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor receptor, @entity7 , betacellulin, amphiregulin, and neuregulin-alpha. RESULTS: Hepatocyte growth factor and @entity6 primers demonstrated polymerase chain reaction products of the expected size that were not displayed in the normal @entity4 . @entity7 and hepatocyte growth factor receptor demonstrated polymerase chain reaction products at all time points tested. Betacellulin and neuregulin-alpha products were present at all time points except 72 hours after @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study support a role for growth factors in the @entity4 during @entity5 media. These bioactive ingredients contribute to @entity0 .

title: Growth factors and their receptors in the @entity4 during XXXX media.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity13 is a rare @entity1 in which the @entity0 has a fixed, false belief that he or she is infested by parasites. Even though it is a @entity1 , these @entity0 usually present to a dermatologist because they are convinced that they have a dermatological problem. @entity0 with @entity13 generally reject psychiatric referral. The diagnosis of @entity13 can often be made on the basis of the history alone, but it is important to make sure that the @entity0 does not have a @entity3 , and the delusion is not secondary to another mental or @entity2 . The current treatment of choice is the antipsychotic medication @entity9 . The principal difficulty in management is convincing @entity0 to take the drug. This results from the obvious discrepancy between the @entity0 ' belief system and the clinician's understanding of the situation. The most common adverse effects of @entity9 are extrapyramidal symptoms such as stiffness and, less frequently, a special inner sense of restlessness called @entity10 . Effective treatment of such extrapyramidal reactions includes @entity12 1 to 2 mg up to 4 times daily as needed, or @entity11 25 mg 3 times daily as needed. @entity9 can have @entity8 effects at high dosages. Traditionally, it has been recommended to check pretreatment and post-treatment electrocardiograms even for @entity0 who have no history or @entity4 or @entity6 . However, a more recent publication questions the need for this if the @entity0 takes < 10 mg/day, is not elderly, and has no history of @entity6 . Effective dosages of @entity9 for @entity13 have ranged from 1 to 10 mg/day. The lowest effective dosage of @entity9 should be used for the shortest possible duration to minimize the risk of @entity5 developing in these @entity0 . Significant improvements in quality of life have been achieved with successful treatment with @entity9 . Atypical antipsychotics such as @entity7 with a much safer adverse effect profile may prove to be effective for the treatment of @entity13 in the future.

title: XXXX . A dermatologist's guide to diagnosis and treatment.

answer: @entity13


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To present electronic videoendoscopy of the larynx with digital image processing and to discuss this endoscopic technique from the standpoint of diagnostic usefulness of @entity1 . STUDY DESIGN: Electronic videoendoscopic evaluation of @entity1 with digital image processing. METHODS: Seventy @entity0 underwent electronic videoendoscopy without digital image processing and, subsequently, with the digital image processing function. Of these, 15 @entity0 with white lesion of the vocal fold and @entity2 were assessed in the study. Clinical assessments made before enhancement of digital image processing function were compared with those after enhancement in 15 @entity0 . RESULTS: Of the 15 @entity0 observed, the clinical diagnoses of two @entity0 were changed after enhancement. Both @entity0 underwent endolaryngeal microsurgery with histopathological examination of the removed lesions, which confirmed the definitive diagnosis. The clinical diagnoses of both @entity0 after enhancement were compatible with histopathological diagnoses. CONCLUSIONS: The enhanced color images provided by this system are superior in both quality and resolution to those obtained by conventional flexible fiberoptic endoscopy with a video camera. This system should be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of @entity1 .

title: Digital image processing of XXXX by electronic videoendoscopy.

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: The pre-hospital time delay in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is still a challenging problem since for many @entity0 there are long intervals between the onset of symptoms and the initiation of therapy. The aim of this study was to verify which, among several clinical variables, are associated with a prolonged pre-hospital time delay. METHODS: Five hundred and twenty-six unselected @entity0 with @entity5 and consecutively admitted to three coronary care units were enrolled. The pre-hospital time delay was defined as the time interval from the onset of symptoms to admission to the coronary care unit. Clinical variables included: age, gender, body mass index, level of education, @entity3 consumption, smoking habits, regular physical activity, history of @entity2 , @entity1 , history of @entity4 (documented history of @entity6 and/or previous @entity5 ), chronic @entity7 , Q-wave @entity5 and off hours onset of symptoms. After univariate analysis, multivariable regression analysis was used. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity0 was 66.6 +/- 12.1 years and 28.7% were female. The median pre-hospital time interval was 200 min (95% confidence interval 60-1140). For 342 @entity0 the pre-hospital time interval was < or = 6 hours and for 184 @entity0 it was > 6 hours. Those variables which, at univariate analysis, were found to significantly influence the pre-hospital delay were analyzed using a multivariable regression model where the dependent variable was the pre-hospital time interval. @entity7 (p = 0.010), a history of @entity4 (p = 0.017), @entity1 (p = 0.016) and age > or = 70 years (p = 0.009) were found to be independently associated with a prolonged prehospital time interval. Similar results were obtained when considering only Q-wave @entity5 . As expected, the thrombolytic therapy rate was much lower in @entity0 with a longer pre-hospital time delay. CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that, in case of @entity5 , the time interval between the onset of symptoms and a @entity0 's arrival to hospital is still far from being optimal. This is especially true for older @entity0 with @entity1 , a history of @entity4 or chronic @entity7 . Cardiologists should be aware of this problem and should implement adequate educational strategies addressed to those @entity0 at highest risk.

title: Clinical features associated with pre-hospital time delay in XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: MOTIVATION: Since the gap between sharply increasing known sequences and slow accumulation of known structures is becoming large, an automatic classification process based on the primary sequences and known three-dimensional structure becomes indispensable. The classification of protein quaternary structure based on the primary sequences can provide some useful information for the biologists. So a fully automatic and reliable classification system is needed. This work tries to look for the effective methods of extracting attribute and the algorithm for classifying the quaternary structure from the primary sequences. RESULTS: Both of the @entity1 ( @entity1 ) and the covariant discriminant algorithms have been first introduced to predict quaternary structure properties from the protein primary sequences. The @entity0 composition and the auto-correlation functions based on the @entity0 index profile of the primary sequence have been taken into account in the algorithms. We have analyzed 472 @entity0 indices and selected the four @entity0 indices as the examples, which have the best performance. Thus the five attribute parameter data sets (COMP, FASG, NISK, WOLS and KYTJ) were established from the protein primary sequences. The COMP attribute data set is composed of @entity0 composition, and the FASG, NISK, WOLS and KYTJ attribute data sets are composed of the @entity0 composition and the auto-correlation functions of the corresponding @entity0 residue index. The overall accuracies of @entity1 are 78.5, 87.5, 83.2, 81.7 and 81.9%, respectively, for COMP, FASG, NISK, WOLS and KYTJ data sets in jackknife test, which are 19.6, 7.8, 15.5, 13.1 and 15.8%, respectively, higher than that of the covariant discriminant algorithm in the same test. The results show that @entity1 may be applied to discriminate between the primary sequences of homodimers and non-homodimers and the two protein sequence descriptors can reflect the quaternary structure information. Compared with previous Robert Garian's investigation, the performance of @entity1 is almost equal to that of the Decision tree models, and the methods of extracting feature vector from the primary sequences are superior to Robert's binning function method. AVAILABILITY: Programs are available on request from the authors.

title: Classification of protein quaternary structure with XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of bilateral deep brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus for symptomatic relief of advanced @entity1 . DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: @entity0 were assessed and received medical treatment at the Kingston Centre, Southern Health, Melbourne. Surgery took place at Melbourne Neuroscience Centre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital. Both are tertiary public institutions. SUBJECTS: 14 @entity0 with @entity1 with intact cognition and difficult to manage motor symptoms who were referred to Kingston Centre between 1996 and 2000 and were eligible for surgical intervention. INTERVENTIONS: All @entity0 were assessed both after 12 hours' withdrawal from and while taking their levodopa medication on two occasions before surgery. Further assessments were carried out one, three, six and 12 months after surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Unified @entity1 Rating Scale motor exam and gait parameters, such as stride length and velocity, were compared at six months after surgery with neither stimulation nor medication, with stimulation only, with medication only, and with stimulation and medication. RESULTS: Stimulators were explanted in one @entity0 after @entity3 and relocated to the thalamus in a second. Extraneous factors prevented two @entity0 from attending at six-month follow-up. Motor performance improved significantly with stimulation alone in the 10 remaining @entity0 . Further significant gains were seen with stimulation and medication combined, with an apparent reduction in side-effects such as @entity2 . CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus significantly improves motor performance in advanced @entity1 , despite a rather high complication rate.

title: Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: Translocations involving immunoglobulin (Ig) loci and chromosome 13 monosomy ( @entity8 ) are frequent cytogenetic findings in @entity1 ( @entity1 ). Similar @entity2 have been identified in the @entity6 ( @entity6 ), but their prevalence and significance remain uncertain. Bone marrow from 72 @entity0 with @entity6 (n = 62) and smoldering @entity1 (n = 10) was evaluated for translocations between the @entity5 ( @entity5 ) and chromosomes 4, 11, and 16, translocations involving Ig light chain-lambda ( @entity7 -lambda, and Delta 13. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis was done on clonal plasma cells (PCs) detected by immunofluorescence (cIg-FISH) of the cytoplasmic light chain. We also studied cells for @entity4 and @entity3 up-regulation by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence, respectively. Twenty-seven (46%) of 59 @entity0 had @entity5 translocations, and 4 (11%) of 37 had an @entity7 -lambda translocation. A t(11;14)(q13;q32) was found in 15 (25%) of 59 @entity0 , a t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) in 9% of @entity0 , and a t(14;16)(q32;q23) in 5% of @entity0 . All @entity0 with t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) tested (n = 3) had intense cytoplasmic fluorescence with an anti- @entity3 antibody. PC nuclear staining of @entity4 was only observed in @entity0 with t(11;14)(q13;q32); Delta 13 was detected in the clonal PCs in 50% of @entity0 . The percentage of abnormal PCs varied with any given abnormality. No obvious clinical or biologic correlations were associated with these @entity2 . Similar translocations are found in both @entity6 and @entity1 , including t(4;14)(p16.3;q32) and t(14;16)(q32;q23). Moreover, Delta 13 is common in @entity6 and unlikely to play a predominant role in the evolution of @entity6 to @entity1 .

title: Genomic abnormalities in XXXX .

answer: @entity6


abstract: Extracellular proteolytic enzymes of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator ( @entity4 ) and metalloproteinase (MMP) family play a crucial role in the matrix degradation and tissue remodeling process characteristic of @entity1 . The receptor for @entity6 ( @entity6 ) serves to localize and intensify the action of @entity4 and is expressed on the surface of malignant cells. Although the biological significance of @entity3 and soluble urokinase receptor in growth and progression of @entity2 is understood, its clinical significance in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we determined the levels of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), cellular @entity6 and sMMP-9 in 43 newly diagnosed @entity5 @entity0 at diagnosis, before chemotherapy, and also studied 10 normal subjects served as a control group. After chemotherapy suPAR and @entity3 were determined at remission and relapse. The levels of suPAR, cellular PAR were significantly higher (P= 0.001, 0.001) and @entity3 was significantly lower (P=0.001) in @entity5 @entity0 at diagnosis as compared to controls. suPAR and @entity3 levels were significantly lower in @entity5 @entity0 who achieved complete remission (CR) as compared to those who did not (P= 0.001 for both). Levels of suPAR and @entity3 were significantly correlated to peripheral blood blast cells (r= 0.88, P= 0.001; r= 0.65, P= 0.001, respectively) and blast cell distribution ratio (BCDR, r= 0.84, P= 0.001; r=65, P= 0.001, respectively). suPAR, cellular PAR and @entity3 were significantly higher in @entity0 with extramedullary infiltration as compared with those without (P= 0.001, 0.001, <0.05). The suPAR, cellular @entity6 , and @entity3 levels were uneven in @entity5 FAB subtypes being highest in M5(P<0.05 for all). @entity3 and suPAR levels were correlated with the disease status. In @entity5 survivors, @entity3 , cellular @entity6 and suPAR were significantly lower as compared to non-survivors (P= 0.001 for all). In conclusion, @entity3 and su PAR levels might be used as a marker for disease activity and may contribute to blast cell dissemination. @entity3 and suPAR may be target molecules in the strategy of treatment of @entity5 .

title: XXXX receptor and soluble matrix metalloproteinase-9 in @entity5 @entity0 : a possible relation to disease invasion.

answer: @entity6


abstract: Extracellular proteolytic enzymes of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator ( @entity4 ) and metalloproteinase (MMP) family play a crucial role in the matrix degradation and tissue remodeling process characteristic of @entity1 . The receptor for @entity6 ( @entity6 ) serves to localize and intensify the action of @entity4 and is expressed on the surface of malignant cells. Although the biological significance of @entity3 and soluble urokinase receptor in growth and progression of @entity2 is understood, its clinical significance in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we determined the levels of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), cellular @entity6 and sMMP-9 in 43 newly diagnosed @entity5 @entity0 at diagnosis, before chemotherapy, and also studied 10 normal subjects served as a control group. After chemotherapy suPAR and @entity3 were determined at remission and relapse. The levels of suPAR, cellular PAR were significantly higher (P= 0.001, 0.001) and @entity3 was significantly lower (P=0.001) in @entity5 @entity0 at diagnosis as compared to controls. suPAR and @entity3 levels were significantly lower in @entity5 @entity0 who achieved complete remission (CR) as compared to those who did not (P= 0.001 for both). Levels of suPAR and @entity3 were significantly correlated to peripheral blood blast cells (r= 0.88, P= 0.001; r= 0.65, P= 0.001, respectively) and blast cell distribution ratio (BCDR, r= 0.84, P= 0.001; r=65, P= 0.001, respectively). suPAR, cellular PAR and @entity3 were significantly higher in @entity0 with extramedullary infiltration as compared with those without (P= 0.001, 0.001, <0.05). The suPAR, cellular @entity6 , and @entity3 levels were uneven in @entity5 FAB subtypes being highest in M5(P<0.05 for all). @entity3 and suPAR levels were correlated with the disease status. In @entity5 survivors, @entity3 , cellular @entity6 and suPAR were significantly lower as compared to non-survivors (P= 0.001 for all). In conclusion, @entity3 and su PAR levels might be used as a marker for disease activity and may contribute to blast cell dissemination. @entity3 and suPAR may be target molecules in the strategy of treatment of @entity5 .

title: @entity6 receptor and soluble matrix metalloproteinase-9 in XXXX @entity0 : a possible relation to disease invasion.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Extracellular proteolytic enzymes of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator ( @entity4 ) and metalloproteinase (MMP) family play a crucial role in the matrix degradation and tissue remodeling process characteristic of @entity1 . The receptor for @entity6 ( @entity6 ) serves to localize and intensify the action of @entity4 and is expressed on the surface of malignant cells. Although the biological significance of @entity3 and soluble urokinase receptor in growth and progression of @entity2 is understood, its clinical significance in @entity5 ( @entity5 ) has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we determined the levels of soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR), cellular @entity6 and sMMP-9 in 43 newly diagnosed @entity5 @entity0 at diagnosis, before chemotherapy, and also studied 10 normal subjects served as a control group. After chemotherapy suPAR and @entity3 were determined at remission and relapse. The levels of suPAR, cellular PAR were significantly higher (P= 0.001, 0.001) and @entity3 was significantly lower (P=0.001) in @entity5 @entity0 at diagnosis as compared to controls. suPAR and @entity3 levels were significantly lower in @entity5 @entity0 who achieved complete remission (CR) as compared to those who did not (P= 0.001 for both). Levels of suPAR and @entity3 were significantly correlated to peripheral blood blast cells (r= 0.88, P= 0.001; r= 0.65, P= 0.001, respectively) and blast cell distribution ratio (BCDR, r= 0.84, P= 0.001; r=65, P= 0.001, respectively). suPAR, cellular PAR and @entity3 were significantly higher in @entity0 with extramedullary infiltration as compared with those without (P= 0.001, 0.001, <0.05). The suPAR, cellular @entity6 , and @entity3 levels were uneven in @entity5 FAB subtypes being highest in M5(P<0.05 for all). @entity3 and suPAR levels were correlated with the disease status. In @entity5 survivors, @entity3 , cellular @entity6 and suPAR were significantly lower as compared to non-survivors (P= 0.001 for all). In conclusion, @entity3 and su PAR levels might be used as a marker for disease activity and may contribute to blast cell dissemination. @entity3 and suPAR may be target molecules in the strategy of treatment of @entity5 .

title: @entity6 receptor and soluble matrix metalloproteinase-9 in @entity5 XXXX : a possible relation to disease invasion.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: Acute nonocclusive @entity5 (NOMI) is a rare but often fatal event after cardiac surgery. METHODS: Twenty @entity0 with ongoing @entity3 after cardiac surgery despite maximal laxative treatment underwent selective mesenteric angiography. In cases of pathological radiographic findings, @entity4 was continuously administered via an intraarterial perfusion catheter. RESULTS: Severe NOMI was confirmed in seven @entity0 (mean lactate: 6.9 +/- 8.3 mg/dL), mild to moderate findings in another seven (mean lactate: 1.4 +/- 1.1 mg/dL). One @entity0 had @entity2 occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery; five @entity0 demonstrated normal imaging findings. In nine of fourteen @entity0 (64%) treated with @entity4 , symptoms improved within hours (defecation occurred after 4-29 hours, mean 13 +/- 8.1 hours). No side effects or complications occurred in connection with the @entity4 treatment. The clinical condition of five @entity0 deteriorated. Four @entity0 underwent laparotomy with creation of an ileostomy or colostomy, two of whom presented with severe @entity1 and later died. One @entity0 died prior to laparotomy. CONCLUSIONS: Selective mesenteric angiography with continuous @entity4 administration is a simple, fast, and effective diagnostic and therapeutic tool to reduce the need for laparotomy for symptoms of @entity3 after open-heart surgery.

title: Diagnosis and treatment of nonocclusive XXXX after open heart surgery.

answer: @entity5


abstract: PURPOSE: (1). To examine the prevalence of @entity3 and operationally defined @entity3 ( @entity3 ) in an Irish sample of subjects undergoing inpatient rehabilitation following their first @entity1 . (2). To investigate factors predictive of @entity3 following @entity1 . (3). To examine the relationship between @entity1 and outcome following inpatient rehabilitation. METHODS: Fifty consecutive @entity0 meeting inclusion criteria who were admitted for inpatient rehabilitation to a specialised unit following their first @entity1 were prospectively studied. INCLUSION CRITERIA: first @entity1 3 - 12 months previously, lesion identified on CT or MRI, age 18 - 65 years, at least some sensory/motor impairment, no pre-existing disabling condition and Barthel Index score > 14 prior to @entity1 . Mood (Center for Epidemiologic Studies @entity3 scale, Hamilton @entity3 Rating Scale, DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for Major @entity3 ), Cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination) and Disability (Barthel Index, Rankin Disability Scale) were assessed one week after admission (baseline) and again after 2 months of rehabilitation. Outcome was measured as effectiveness of rehabilitation (Shah et al., 1990) and length of inpatient stay (LOS). RESULTS: 10/50 (20%) of the sample met criteria for major @entity3 on admission. The best predictor of @entity3 was gender, with females having a two-fold higher rate of both subjectively reported and objectively rated @entity3 . @entity3 was unrelated to baseline Barthel Disability, side of lesion or previous @entity2 history. The best predictor of effectiveness of rehabilitation was baseline Barthel Disability score. @entity3 did not predict either effectiveness or LOS. CONCLUSION: (1). @entity3 is common in subjects undergoing rehabilitation following their first @entity1 . (2). Females appear to be especially at risk, possibly reflecting an increased general risk of @entity3 . (3). @entity3 in our sample was not related to @entity4 following @entity1 or early functional outcome following rehabilitation.

title: Prevalence of XXXX in an Irish sample and its relationship with disability and outcome following inpatient rehabilitation.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to @entity3 , disabilities and health related Quality of Life (QOL) after treatment of @entity0 and to analyse the relationship between treatment modalities, impairments, disabilities and health related QOL. METHOD: Fifty-five @entity1 who underwent a modified radical mastectomy or a segmental mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection were retrospectively assessed with a mean follow up of 2.7 years after treatment. Impairments were assessed by means of measuring active shoulder range of motion, grip strength, arm volume and @entity4 . Disabilities were assessed by means of the Shoulder Disability Questionnaire (SDQ) and health related QOL was assessed by means of the RAND 36-item Health Survey (RAND-36). SETTING: University Hospital Groningen (The Netherlands). RESULTS: @entity4 (60%) and reduction of grip-strength (40%) were the most frequent impairments found. The prevalence of @entity3 and @entity2 was 9 - 16% respectively 15%. Mean group score of the SDQ was 33.7 (sd: 32.1) and mean scores of the RAND-36 differed significantly for physical functioning, vitality and health perception to that of a female norm group. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy were significant factors in the prediction of @entity3 . @entity4 and restricted range of motion explained 61% respectively 12% of the variance in disability (SDQ). In the prediction of health related QOL, @entity4 , grip strength and arm volume were significant factors respectively in six, three and two domains. CONCLUSIONS: @entity4 is the most frequent @entity3 after @entity0 treatment with strong relationship to perceived disability and health related QOL. Disability is mild and health related QOL (RAND-36) differed in three of the nine domains with a female norm group.

title: Impairments, disabilities and health related quality of life after treatment for XXXX : a follow-up study 2.7 years after surgery.

answer: @entity0


abstract: BACKGROUND: This study seeks to assess the safety and usefulness of combined video-assisted mediastinoscopy and video-assisted thoracoscopy in the management of @entity0 with @entity1 . METHODS: Ten consecutive @entity0 with @entity1 were evaluated. Indications for this combined approach included inconclusive findings from imaging techniques concerning locoregional extension and resectability; possible involvement of different structures not accessible to a single procedure; and failure to obtain histologic diagnosis by a single technique. RESULTS; Histologic diagnosis was obtained in 6 @entity0 without preoperative histologic typing. In 3 @entity0 , in contrast with preoperative imaging studies, combined thoracoscopy and mediastinoscopy showed the resectability of the @entity3 and the absence of metastatic mediastinal lymph nodes. These findings were confirmed at thoracotomy. In 3 other @entity0 prevascular lymph nodes @entity2 were found. They underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy; at subsequent operation, a complete resection was possible. In the remaining four cases combined exploration proved definitive contraindications for operation (recognition of oat-cell @entity4 , n = 2; T4 status, n = 1; T3N2, n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: Combined video-assisted mediastinoscopy and video-assisted thoracoscopy seems to be a safe and useful tool in the management of selected @entity0 with @entity1 . Both the extent of @entity3 and the possible intrathoracic spread may be exhaustively evaluated. In @entity0 with @entity1 a complete exploration of the aortopulmonary window is possible.

title: Combined video-assisted mediastinoscopy and video-assisted thoracoscopy in the management of XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several epidemiologic studies found weak protective relations between dietary fiber intake and the risk of @entity1 events. However, few of the studies addressed possible mechanisms of the effect. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we estimated relations between the progression of @entity5 and the intake of selective dietary fiber fractions. Mediation of the relations by serum lipids was also investigated. DESIGN: @entity0 who were free of @entity4 and aged 40-60 y were recruited into the cohort (n = 573; 47% @entity0 ). The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of the common carotid arteries was measured ultrasonographically at the baseline examination and at 2 follow-up examinations (n = 500), dietary intakes were assessed with six 24-h recalls (3 at baseline and 3 at the first follow-up examination), and blood samples were analyzed at baseline and at both follow-up examinations. RESULTS: A significant inverse association was observed between @entity2 progression and the intakes of viscous fiber (P = 0.05) and pectin (P = 0.01). Correction for measurement error increased the magnitude of these estimated effects. The ratio of total to HDL @entity3 was inversely related to the intakes of total fiber (P = 0.01), viscous fiber (P = 0.05), and pectin (P = 0.01). The magnitude of the association between @entity2 progression and the intakes of viscous fiber and pectin was attenuated by adjustment for serum lipids. CONCLUSIONS: The intake of viscous fiber, especially pectin, appears to protect against @entity2 progression. Serum lipids may act as a mediator between dietary fiber intake and @entity2 progression.

title: Dietary fiber and progression of XXXX : the Los Angeles @entity5 Study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: BACKGROUND: Several epidemiologic studies found weak protective relations between dietary fiber intake and the risk of @entity1 events. However, few of the studies addressed possible mechanisms of the effect. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, we estimated relations between the progression of @entity5 and the intake of selective dietary fiber fractions. Mediation of the relations by serum lipids was also investigated. DESIGN: @entity0 who were free of @entity4 and aged 40-60 y were recruited into the cohort (n = 573; 47% @entity0 ). The @entity2 ( @entity2 ) of the common carotid arteries was measured ultrasonographically at the baseline examination and at 2 follow-up examinations (n = 500), dietary intakes were assessed with six 24-h recalls (3 at baseline and 3 at the first follow-up examination), and blood samples were analyzed at baseline and at both follow-up examinations. RESULTS: A significant inverse association was observed between @entity2 progression and the intakes of viscous fiber (P = 0.05) and pectin (P = 0.01). Correction for measurement error increased the magnitude of these estimated effects. The ratio of total to HDL @entity3 was inversely related to the intakes of total fiber (P = 0.01), viscous fiber (P = 0.05), and pectin (P = 0.01). The magnitude of the association between @entity2 progression and the intakes of viscous fiber and pectin was attenuated by adjustment for serum lipids. CONCLUSIONS: The intake of viscous fiber, especially pectin, appears to protect against @entity2 progression. Serum lipids may act as a mediator between dietary fiber intake and @entity2 progression.

title: Dietary fiber and progression of @entity5 : the Los Angeles XXXX Study.

answer: @entity5


abstract: This is a review of 183 @entity0 with 218 displaced @entity3 of the @entity4 treated by open reduction and internal fixation. One hundred and ninety four (89%) wounds underwent primary uneventful healing. Twenty-four wounds (11%) required local wound care. One @entity2 occurred in a neuropathic foot that required below-knee amputation. No free-tissue transfers, local tissue flaps or skin grafts were needed in @entity0 who presented initially with a closed @entity1 . Ninety-five @entity1 (43.5%) required subsequent surgical procedures (hardware removal-88/95 [93% of secondary procedures]). Six @entity0 (2.8%) had postoperative sural nerve findings. Seventeen procedures other than hardware removal were performed. There were five subtalar fusions including two subtalar distraction bone-block arthrodeses. There were seven claw toe correction procedures, four @entity5 for varus malunions and one subtalar arthrolysis at the time of hardware removal. These results suggest internal fixation of displaced intra-articular @entity4 @entity1 using a single lateral approach is a safe, reliable method of treatment.

title: Morbidity associated with ORIF of intra-articular @entity4 XXXX using a lateral approach.

answer: @entity1


abstract: This is a review of 183 @entity0 with 218 displaced @entity3 of the @entity4 treated by open reduction and internal fixation. One hundred and ninety four (89%) wounds underwent primary uneventful healing. Twenty-four wounds (11%) required local wound care. One @entity2 occurred in a neuropathic foot that required below-knee amputation. No free-tissue transfers, local tissue flaps or skin grafts were needed in @entity0 who presented initially with a closed @entity1 . Ninety-five @entity1 (43.5%) required subsequent surgical procedures (hardware removal-88/95 [93% of secondary procedures]). Six @entity0 (2.8%) had postoperative sural nerve findings. Seventeen procedures other than hardware removal were performed. There were five subtalar fusions including two subtalar distraction bone-block arthrodeses. There were seven claw toe correction procedures, four @entity5 for varus malunions and one subtalar arthrolysis at the time of hardware removal. These results suggest internal fixation of displaced intra-articular @entity4 @entity1 using a single lateral approach is a safe, reliable method of treatment.

title: Morbidity associated with ORIF of intra-articular XXXX @entity1 using a lateral approach.

answer: @entity4


abstract: BACKGROUND: Practice guidelines for @entity0 emphasize the importance of establishing an accurate diagnosis using a minimum number of procedures and selecting optimal treatment regimens. Understanding the determinants of waiting time is essential to develop optimum interventions to reduce delay. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to estimate the extent to which variability in 1) the number of procedures before surgery and 2) waiting time from initial procedure to surgery are explainable by factors related to the @entity1 , to the provider, and to the care setting. RESEARCH DESIGN: Records of physicians' fee-for-service claims were obtained for 23,370 @entity1 undergoing @entity0 surgery in Quebec between 1992 and 1997. Multilevel logistic regression was used to determine predictors of having multiple procedures before surgery. Hierarchical linear regression models were used to identify predictors of waiting time, separately for @entity1 with lymph node involvement and without this involvement. RESULTS: Overall, 23% of the @entity1 had 3 or more procedures before surgery with significant variation found across hospitals and surgeons. Number of procedures was a strong predictor of waiting time. Waiting time also varied by stage, age, comorbidity, a history of benign disease, surgical setting, calendar time, month of initial procedure, and hospital teaching status. CONCLUSION: Although variability in waiting time was more strongly influenced by the characteristics of the @entity1 rather than by physician- or hospital-related factors, most variation remained unexplained by the factors included in this study. To reduce overall waiting time, strategies would need to be systemically applied.

title: Factors associated with pattern of care before surgery for XXXX in Quebec between 1992 and 1997.

answer: @entity0


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of @entity2 in @entity0 with severe @entity3 listed for surgical treatment and to determine the treatment effect on the progression of the disease. DESIGN: A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, 12-week study at a single center. SETTING: A tertiary referral center in London, England. @entity0 : Thirty-four @entity0 with severe @entity3 listed for endoscopic surgical treatment. INTERVENTION: By random allocation, @entity5 aqueous nasal spray (FPANS), 200 microg twice a day; @entity4 aqueous nasal spray, 200 microg twice a day; or placebo nasal spray twice a day was administered. @entity0 received 2 actuations to each nostril in the morning and in the evening. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Efficacy end points were the need for polypectomy at the end of treatment, the results of acoustic rhinometry, the polyp score, the peak nasal inspiratory flow rate, and an assessment of symptoms. RESULTS: The polyp score was significantly decreased in the FPANS-treated group (P < or = .01). The nasal cavity volume was significantly increased in both the FPANS-treated group and the group receiving @entity4 compared with placebo (P < or = .01) at the end of treatment. The percentage change in the mean morning peak nasal inspiratory flow rate was greater in the FPANS-treated group, with a significant effect observed at week 2 (P = .01). Nasal blockage was significantly decreased in both active groups compared with the group receiving placebo. No significant difference was observed between the treatment groups in the number of @entity0 requiring polypectomy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 and @entity4 aqueous nasal sprays are effective in treating the symptoms of severe @entity1 . There was some evidence that the group treated with FPANS responded more quickly to intervention and that the magnitude of the response was greater than in the group receiving @entity4 .

title: Effect of XXXX in severe @entity3 .

answer: @entity5


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of intranasal corticosteroids in the treatment of @entity2 in @entity0 with severe @entity3 listed for surgical treatment and to determine the treatment effect on the progression of the disease. DESIGN: A double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, 12-week study at a single center. SETTING: A tertiary referral center in London, England. @entity0 : Thirty-four @entity0 with severe @entity3 listed for endoscopic surgical treatment. INTERVENTION: By random allocation, @entity5 aqueous nasal spray (FPANS), 200 microg twice a day; @entity4 aqueous nasal spray, 200 microg twice a day; or placebo nasal spray twice a day was administered. @entity0 received 2 actuations to each nostril in the morning and in the evening. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Efficacy end points were the need for polypectomy at the end of treatment, the results of acoustic rhinometry, the polyp score, the peak nasal inspiratory flow rate, and an assessment of symptoms. RESULTS: The polyp score was significantly decreased in the FPANS-treated group (P < or = .01). The nasal cavity volume was significantly increased in both the FPANS-treated group and the group receiving @entity4 compared with placebo (P < or = .01) at the end of treatment. The percentage change in the mean morning peak nasal inspiratory flow rate was greater in the FPANS-treated group, with a significant effect observed at week 2 (P = .01). Nasal blockage was significantly decreased in both active groups compared with the group receiving placebo. No significant difference was observed between the treatment groups in the number of @entity0 requiring polypectomy. CONCLUSIONS: @entity5 and @entity4 aqueous nasal sprays are effective in treating the symptoms of severe @entity1 . There was some evidence that the group treated with FPANS responded more quickly to intervention and that the magnitude of the response was greater than in the group receiving @entity4 .

title: Effect of @entity5 in severe XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVES: To document the clinicopathologic features of primary @entity1 of the parotid gland based on analysis of our cases and to compare the results with similar studies in the literature. DESIGN: Retrospective, nonrandomized case study. SETTING: Academic, tertiary medical center. @entity0 : Forty-one consecutive cases of @entity1 of the parotid gland were identified among 820 @entity0 who had undergone parotid surgery during the course of 22 years. Thirty-three (80%) of these were @entity1 and were included in the study. Eight (20%) occurred in @entity0 with a history of @entity1 and were therefore excluded. INTERVENTION: Diagnosis was established by open parotid biopsy in 8 @entity0 , superficial lobectomy in 23, and total parotidectomy in 2. After diagnosis, @entity1 were staged and treated with local irradiation and/or chemotherapy. RESULTS: Fifteen @entity0 and 18 @entity0 aged 26 to 100 years (mean, 66 years) had an enlarging painless mass on initial examination. Seven (21%) had an underlying @entity2 and 20 (61%) had Ann Arbor stage 1 disease at diagnosis. Of 25 @entity0 available for a minimum 2-year follow-up, 16 (64%) were alive with or without disease. Histological grade was the only prognostic feature associated with outcome (P<.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our study, when viewed collectively with those in the literature, indicates that @entity1 of the parotid gland are uncommon and often not suspected clinically. The disease affects both sexes equally and is unusual before the age of 50 years. Most are B-cell, @entity3 , and about 80% of @entity0 have Ann Arbor stage I or II disease at diagnosis.

title: Primary XXXX of the parotid gland.

answer: @entity1


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity0 with @entity4 who were treated with @entity2 were more likely to have @entity1 and @entity3 . METHODS: Areal bone density at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured in 40 adult @entity0 with @entity4 and 43 age-matched healthy @entity0 using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Histories of @entity2 treatment and @entity3 were obtained by structured personal interviews. RESULTS: Mean (+/- SD) areal bone density was significantly lower at the lumbar spine (0.87 +/- 0.11 g/cm(2) vs. 0.98 +/- 0.10 g/cm(2), P <0.001) and femoral neck (0.68 +/- 0.07 g/ cm(2) vs. 0.83 +/- 0.08 g/cm(2), P <0.001) in @entity0 with @entity4 than in controls. The diagnostic criterion for @entity1 (T-score <-2.5) was met by 8 @entity0 with @entity4 (20%) with scores at the lumbar spine and by 3 (8%) with scores at the femoral neck. All @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 were less than 150 cm in height. Areal bone density correlated significantly with height (lumbar spine: R(2) = 0.3, P <0.001; femoral neck: R(2) = 0.4, P <0.001). Adjustments for skeletal size reduced the differences between the groups as well as the number of @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 (e.g., from 8 to 2 @entity0 based on lumbar spine scores). The prevalence and type of @entity3 were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity1 and @entity3 is not increased significantly in @entity0 with @entity4 who are treated with standard @entity2 therapy. @entity0 less than 150 cm in height are likely to be misdiagnosed with @entity1 when areal bone density is measured, unless adjustments for body size are made.

title: Bone mineral density and @entity3 in XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: PURPOSE: To determine whether @entity0 with @entity4 who were treated with @entity2 were more likely to have @entity1 and @entity3 . METHODS: Areal bone density at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured in 40 adult @entity0 with @entity4 and 43 age-matched healthy @entity0 using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Histories of @entity2 treatment and @entity3 were obtained by structured personal interviews. RESULTS: Mean (+/- SD) areal bone density was significantly lower at the lumbar spine (0.87 +/- 0.11 g/cm(2) vs. 0.98 +/- 0.10 g/cm(2), P <0.001) and femoral neck (0.68 +/- 0.07 g/ cm(2) vs. 0.83 +/- 0.08 g/cm(2), P <0.001) in @entity0 with @entity4 than in controls. The diagnostic criterion for @entity1 (T-score <-2.5) was met by 8 @entity0 with @entity4 (20%) with scores at the lumbar spine and by 3 (8%) with scores at the femoral neck. All @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 were less than 150 cm in height. Areal bone density correlated significantly with height (lumbar spine: R(2) = 0.3, P <0.001; femoral neck: R(2) = 0.4, P <0.001). Adjustments for skeletal size reduced the differences between the groups as well as the number of @entity0 diagnosed with @entity1 (e.g., from 8 to 2 @entity0 based on lumbar spine scores). The prevalence and type of @entity3 were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of @entity1 and @entity3 is not increased significantly in @entity0 with @entity4 who are treated with standard @entity2 therapy. @entity0 less than 150 cm in height are likely to be misdiagnosed with @entity1 when areal bone density is measured, unless adjustments for body size are made.

title: Bone mineral density and XXXX in @entity4 .

answer: @entity3