abstract: Of 652 consecutive @entity0 referred for coronary angioplasty between September 1980 and March 1984, 49 @entity0 presented with total or functional 'occlusion' of the involved vessel. @entity2 was defined as absent anterograde filling beyond the lesion. Functional occlusion was defined as faint, late anterograde opacification of the distal segment in the absence of a discernible luminal continuity. In 39 @entity0 , the @entity2 represented a progression, without acute @entity3 , of a previously diagnosed stenotic lesion. The maximal potential duration of occlusion was estimated to be 4 weeks or less in 21 @entity0 , more than 4 to 8 weeks in 12, and more than 8 weeks in 16. Dilation of the occluded artery was attempted in the left anterior descending coronary artery in 30 @entity0 , in the right coronary artery in 8, in the circumflex coronary in 7 and in 4 jumpgrafts. For the whole group, angioplasty was successful in 28 @entity0 (57%). The primary success rate with the functionally occluded vessel (81%) was significantly higher than with the total occlusion (45%). In 33 @entity0 with an occlusion estimated to be of 8 weeks or less, angioplasty was successful in 65%. In the 16 @entity0 with an occlusion estimated to be of 8 weeks or less, angioplasty was successful in 65%. In the 16 @entity0 with an occlusion estimated to be of more than 8 weeks duration, dilation was successful in 44%. Of the 21 @entity0 in whom angioplasty was unsuccessful, 11 required surgery (1 urgent with persistent @entity1 and ST elevation and 10 elective). Ten @entity0 were maintained on medical treatment. Of the 28 @entity0 in whom angioplasty was successful, 10 @entity0 had recurrence of symptoms during follow-up (1-42 months). Four were kept on medical therapy, three required bypass surgery and three underwent repeat percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). After primary success, late angiographic studies obtained in 20 out of 28 @entity0 showed reocclusion in 8. In conclusion, elective PTCA of totally occluded coronary arteries is feasible but the primary success rate is lower (57%) than that associated with conventional lesions. The long-term clinical results following successful angioplasty are satisfactory (64%), but the incidence of reocclusion is higher (40%).

title: Elective PTCA of totally occluded coronary arteries not associated with acute XXXX ; short-term and long-term results.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Over the past 3 decades, enormous advances have been made in the creation of a standardized treatment protocol for @entity3 . Less morbid regimens for low-risk @entity0 and more efficacious aggressive treatment protocols for high-risk @entity0 have been developed, and continue to be improved with newer studies, such as the NWTS-V. An area that has posed a more challenging aspect of the disease is its relapse. Although a standard follow-up protocol has been produced by in-depth evaluation of previous works, there has been a great deal of difficulty demonstrating improved relapse-free and overall survival rates in re-treatment of @entity0 suffering from recurrent @entity3 . Several factors are involved in the success of treatment of relapse, some of which include prerelapse treatment of @entity1 and stage, site, and timing of recurrence. New agents and their combination with chemotherapeutics that already have established efficacy are being used for treatment of @entity3 relapse, with varying success. These studies should lead the way for newer investigations in the future. @entity0 with @entity1 , @entity4 , and clear cell @entity2 are especially in need of these future investigations. Perhaps the true final frontier is establishing the likelihood of @entity0 suffering a relapse. This topic currently is being studied in the fields of biologic markers and gene expression. This knowledge will hopefully, in turn, tailor initial treatment in a more specific manner.

title: Follow-up and management of recurrent XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the rationality of the current diagnostic criterion of pregnancy induced @entity1 ( @entity7 ) in mainland China. METHODS: To analytically review the 916 cases of @entity7 in our hospital, reclassify them using both the current domestic diagnostic criteria and the William Obstetrics' criteria, then compare and analyze perinatal and maternal outcomes from the two standards. RESULTS: (1) Maternal outcomes: comparison result of the occurrences among three groups of @entity4 , postpartum @entity3 and @entity9 according to domestic classification had significant difference (P < 0.05). And it's the same result according to foreign classification (P < 0.05). But the occurrences within three groups of @entity4 , postpartum @entity3 and @entity9 between domestic and foreign classifications showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). (2) Perinatal outcomes: Comparison results of the occurrences among three groups of fetal growth restriction, @entity6 neonatorum and perinatal fetal and @entity2 incidence according to domestic classification had significant difference (P < 0.05). And it's the same result according to foreign classification (P < 0.05). But the occurrences within three groups of fetal growth restriction, @entity6 neonatorum and perinatal @entity8 and neonatal incidence showed no significant difference (P > 0.05). (3) The constituent ratio of mild, moderate, severe @entity7 according to domestic classifications was 46.6%, 18.4%, 34.9% respectively. The constituent ratio of gestationgal hypertision, mild @entity5 and severe @entity5 according to foreign classifications was 47.6%, 14.3%, 38.1%. There were significant differences between domestic and foreign constituent ratio (P < 0.05). If you compare the results from these two diagnostic classifications, with mild @entity7 , the accordant rate was 85.0%; with severe @entity7 , the rate was 93.8%; but it's only 40.2% with moderate @entity7 . CONCLUSIONS: The diagnostic criteria for @entity7 being used in our mainland China is rational, but in the current stage, due to the lack of objective index for early diagnosis and overall assessment of @entity0 's condition, it's also limited. More objective index should be adopted to improve the diagnostic standard for @entity7 .

title: [Study on diagnostic criterion of pregnancy induced XXXX ].

answer: @entity1


abstract: A prospective study was undertaken of the accuracy in diagnosing intra-abdominal metastatic disease of the liver by scintigraphy, ultrasound scanning and laparoscopy. The effect of laparoscopy on management was also studied. Fifty @entity0 were studied: 23 @entity1 , 14 @entity2 and 13 with suspected intra-abdominal metastatic spread. Accuracy was determined by laparoscopic biopsy, laparotomy and autopsy. The accuracy was 72 per cent for scintigraphy, 75 per cent for ultrasound and 96 per cent for laparoscopy (with 10 per cent failed ultrasound due to intra-abdominal gas). There was no morbidity or mortality associated with laparoscopy, with one failure due to adhesions. Thirteen @entity0 without hepatic metastases had nodal and/or peritoneal spread diagnosed only by laparoscopy. Laparotomy was avoided in 58 per cent, and 74 per cent died in the 18 month follow-up period. Laparoscopy can obviate the need for laparotomy in inoperable cases of @entity1 and allow better planning for potentially curable surgery. In @entity2 the value of laparoscopy is doubtful as a high percentage require at least palliative surgery.

title: Laparoscopy or scanning in oesophageal and XXXX ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: Attenuation changes on computed tomography (CT) in mediastinal @entity2 ( @entity2 ) may be related to lung alterations and functional impairment in @entity3 . DESIGN: CT and clinical data of 41 (64.2 +/- 8.3 years) males with @entity3 were retrieved. Attenuation type (calcified, hyperdense, normodense) and @entity1 pattern (central, eccentric, dense, eggshell, speckled) of mediastinal @entity2 were evaluated; @entity2 attenuation of uncalcified LNs quantified on CT in six @entity2 stations. Nodular profusion (CT-NP) and progressive massive @entity0 (CT-PMF) were graded. Relationships between @entity2 , CT, lung function and clinical parameters were determined. RESULTS: @entity2 sites were paratracheal (n = 39), subcarinal (n = 39), tracheobronchial (n = 37), aortopulmonary (n = 37), hilar (n = 27), and peri-oesophageal (n = 21). LNs were calcified, hyperdense and normodense in 107, 85 and 54 @entity2 stations, respectively. Uniformly calcified @entity2 was most common, followed by speckled @entity1 . Central, eccentric and eggshell @entity1 was rare. CT-NP scores > or = 16 were associated with higher @entity2 attenuation and number of calcified @entity2 stations than CT-NP scores < 16. PMF had no influence over @entity2 morphology or @entity1 pattern. @entity2 attenuation correlated with CT-PMF (r = 0.36, P = 0.01), CT-NP (r = 0.54, P < 0.001) and DLCO/VA (r = -0.33, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Uniformly calcified and hyperdense LNs are common in @entity3 , and eggshell @entity2 @entity1 is rare. There are associations between @entity2 attenuation and lung function impairment, and CT grades of nodular profusion and PMF.

title: The relationship between mediastinal lymph node attenuation with parenchymal lung parameters in XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: 1. Herein, we report the effects of acute or chronic forced swimming on vascular responsiveness to angiotensin (Ang) II. 2. The possible involvement of locally produced substances, such as @entity1 (NO) and @entity4 , in these effects were studied in @entity0 thoracic aorta and superior mesenteric arteries. 3. Chronic, but not acute, swimming reduced the efficacy (maximal effect; Emax) of @entity2 in thoracic aorta and mesenteric arteries, either with intact or denuded endothelium. 4. The efficacy of @entity2 was reduced in the presence of @entity5 in mesenteric arteries, but not in the aorta, from either control or chronically stressed @entity0 . 5. Treatment with @entity6 reversed the effect of chronic stress on the response to @entity2 , suggesting that chronic stress may increase non-endothelial NO activity in both the aorta and mesenteric arteries. 6. The effects of acute and chronic stress on vascular reactivity were selective for @entity2 because no changes were observed on the effects of @entity3 .

title: Vascular non-endothelial XXXX induced by swimming exercise stress in @entity0 .

answer: @entity1


abstract: 1. Herein, we report the effects of acute or chronic forced swimming on vascular responsiveness to angiotensin (Ang) II. 2. The possible involvement of locally produced substances, such as @entity1 (NO) and @entity4 , in these effects were studied in @entity0 thoracic aorta and superior mesenteric arteries. 3. Chronic, but not acute, swimming reduced the efficacy (maximal effect; Emax) of @entity2 in thoracic aorta and mesenteric arteries, either with intact or denuded endothelium. 4. The efficacy of @entity2 was reduced in the presence of @entity5 in mesenteric arteries, but not in the aorta, from either control or chronically stressed @entity0 . 5. Treatment with @entity6 reversed the effect of chronic stress on the response to @entity2 , suggesting that chronic stress may increase non-endothelial NO activity in both the aorta and mesenteric arteries. 6. The effects of acute and chronic stress on vascular reactivity were selective for @entity2 because no changes were observed on the effects of @entity3 .

title: Vascular non-endothelial @entity1 induced by swimming exercise stress in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Stress-associated immune responses were compared between young (8 weeks of age) and old (56 weeks) @entity0 . Since stress suppresses the conventional immune system (i.e. T and B cells) but inversely activates the primordial immune system (i.e. extrathymic T cells, NKT cells, and granulocytes), these parameters were analysed after restraint stress for 24 h. The thymus became @entity7 as a function of age, and an age-related increase in the number of lymphocytes was seen in the liver. Although the number of lymphocytes in both the thymus and liver decreased as the result of stress, the magnitude was much more prominent in the thymus. To determine stress-resistant lymphocyte subsets, two-colour immunofluorescence tests were conducted in the liver and spleen. NKT cells were found to be such cells in the liver of young @entity0 . On the other hand, an infiltration of granulocytes due to stress was more prominent in the liver of old @entity0 than in young @entity0 . @entity1 as a result of stress was prominent in young @entity0 . This age-related bias in the function of NKT cells and granulocytes seemed to be associated with a difference in the responses of @entity5 (high in old @entity0 ) and @entity6 (high in young @entity0 ) after stress. Indeed, an injection of @entity4 mainly induced the infiltration of granulocytes while that of @entity3 activated NKT cells. The present results suggest the existence of age-related bias in the function of NKT cells and granulocytes after stress and that such bias might be produced by different responses of sympathetic nerves and @entity2 hormones between young and old @entity0 .

title: Age-related bias in function of natural killer T cells and granulocytes after stress: reciprocal association of XXXX hormones and sympathetic nerves.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Diagnosis of @entity1 is often based on clinical signs. However, clinical symptoms of @entity1 may not be specific, and for this reason early diagnosis is often determined on results of laboratory tests, which may not currently be adequate. A more reliable method of detection of @entity1 may be the demonstration of activated lymphocytes, which can be conducted rapidly and before the isolation of the infected organism. We have shown that detection of up-regulation of CD45RO, an activated/memory isoform of @entity3 present on T cells, provides a reasonably sensitive screening test for @entity1 . We also showed that dual expression of CD45RA/CD45RO was up-regulated early during the infective process in neonates with documented @entity1 . However, other leucocytes are also activated during the infective process. To improve the sensitivity of the @entity1 screening test and to identify the types of leucocytes involved in the immune response to the infective organism, we studied further the up-regulation of a comprehensive range of surface activation markers on T cells, monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells from a group of 17 newborn @entity0 with positive culture, a group of 40 possibly infected @entity0 based on clinical signs and a control group. 'Normal' ranges were established for each activation marker for each leucocyte subset from 1 to 7 and 7-14-day-old newborns <35 weeks' gestation and 35-40 weeks' gestation. There was a significant increase in the percentage of T cells expressing @entity4 in the peripheral blood from @entity0 at 2 weeks of age. Expression of HLA-DR on T cells, @entity4 and @entity5 on monocytes and HLA-DR on NK cells was also increased significantly in the peripheral blood from @entity0 at 2 weeks of age and may reflect a maturation of these functional surface molecules. Up-regulation of @entity5 on NK cells was the most sensitive marker for @entity2 (positive in 13/16 @entity0 ). @entity5 and @entity4 expression was increased significantly on T cells in 11/17 and 10/17 @entity0 , respectively. A combination of CD45RA/CD45RO and CD45RO identified 11/16 infected @entity0 . Measurement of @entity5 expression on NK cells with CD45RA, CD45RO, @entity4 and @entity5 expression on T cells resulted in a significant increase in at least two leucocyte activation markers from infected @entity0 . In conclusion, this is the first report of the up-regulation of @entity5 on NK cells as a sensitive marker of @entity1 . A combination of this marker with CD45RA, CD45RO, @entity4 and @entity5 expression on peripheral blood derived T cells is the most sensitive and specific for @entity1 .

title: Multiple leucocyte activation markers to XXXX .

answer: @entity1


abstract: BUG6 is a temperature-sensitive cell division mutant which forms filaments at the nonpermissive temperature. Synthesis of the @entity2 - and @entity1 -binding protein-dependent transport systems is also temperature sensitive in BUG6. Using operon and protein fusions of the @entity2 transport genes to lacZ, we observed that the temperature-sensitive control of the @entity2 transport system in BUG6 occurs at the transcriptional level. By P1-mediated transductions, we found that BUG6 contains two independent temperature-sensitive mutations. One maps between 2 and 3 min on the @entity0 linkage map, in close proximity to the fts-envA region. This mutation is responsible for temperature-sensitive cell division. The other mutation maps at 73 min in crp, the structural gene of the catabolite activator protein. The latter could be complemented by a hybrid plasmid carrying the wild-type crp as the only gene on a 0.9-kilobase HindIII-AluI restriction fragment. The mutation in crp alone was found to be responsible for the temperature-sensitive synthesis of the @entity2 transport system. Although it causes a complete block of transcription of the @entity2 transport genes at 41 degrees C, this mutation had only a marginal effect on the transcription of the lac operon.

title: Temperature-sensitive catabolite activator protein in XXXX BUG6.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Phosphofructokinase from @entity0 brain consists of hybrids of the A, B, and C isozymes. Phosphofructokinase C was isolated from a purified mixture of such hybrids in a 2-step procedure. In the first step, phosphofructokinase B was removed by chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. In the second step, subunits of phosphofructokinases A and C were separated by dissociation at pH 5.0 followed by chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose. The separated isozymes were then reassociated by neutralization. Phosphofructokinase C was structurally distinct from phosphofructokinases A (obtained from muscle or brain) and B (obtained from liver) as shown by one-dimensional chymotryptic and staphylococcal V8 protease fingerprints of all three isozymes. In addition, phosphofructokinase C cross-reacted weakly or not at all with antisera raised against phosphofructokinase B or phosphofructokinase A. Phosphofructokinase C was also kinetically distinct from the A and B isozymes. The C isozyme was more sensitive than the A isozyme but less sensitive than the B isozyme to inhibition by @entity1 , was less sensitive than the A isozyme but more sensitive than the B isozyme to inhibition by @entity4 , and was less sensitive than either of the other two isozymes to activation by inorganic @entity3 , @entity2 , and @entity5 . The self-association properties of phosphofructokinase C differed from those of the A and B isozymes in that at pH 8.0, the C isozyme did not form oligomers larger than a tetramer under conditions where the other two isozymes did. Thus the properties of phosphofructokinase C are in general quite distinct from those of the other two phosphofructokinase isozymes.

title: Isolation and characterization of phosphofructokinase C from XXXX brain.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Formation of the yolk sac vascular system and its connection to the embryonic circulation is crucial for embryo survival in both mammals and birds. Most @entity0 with mutations in genes involved in vascular development die because of a failure to establish this circulatory loop. Surprisingly, formation of yolk sac arteries and veins has not been well described in the recent literature. Using time-lapse video-microscopy, we have studied arterial-venous differentiation in the yolk sac of @entity1 embryos. Immediately after the onset of perfusion, the yolk sac exhibits a posterior arterial and an anterior venous pole, which are connected to each other by cis-cis endothelial interactions. To form the paired and interlaced arterial-venous pattern characteristic of mature yolk sac vessels, small caliber vessels of the arterial domain are selectively disconnected from the growing arterial tree and subsequently reconnected to the venous system, implying that endothelial plasticity is needed to fashion normal growth of veins. Arterial-venous differentiation and patterning are controlled by hemodynamic forces, as shown by flow manipulation and in situ hybridization with arterial markers @entity2 and @entity3 , which show that expression of both mRNAs is not genetically determined but plastic and regulated by flow. In vivo application of @entity2 or EphB4 in the developing yolk sac failed to produce any morphological effects. By contrast, @entity2 and EphB4 application in the allantois of older embryos resulted in the rapid formation of arterial-venous shunts. In conclusion, we show that flow shapes the global patterning of the arterial tree and regulates the activation of the arterial markers @entity2 and @entity3 .

title: Flow regulates arterial-venous differentiation in the XXXX embryo yolk sac.

answer: @entity1


abstract: A single monkey was trained to perform a grasp, lift, and hold task in which a stationary hand- held object was sometimes subjected to brief, predictable force-pulse perturbations. The displacement, grip, and lifting forces were measured as well the three-dimensional forces and torques to quantify specific @entity0 after reversible inactivation of the cerebellar nuclei. A prior single-cell recording study in the same monkey provided the stereotaxic coordinates used to guide intranuclear injections of @entity2 . In total, 34 penetrations were performed at 28 different loci throughout the cerebellar nuclei. On each penetration, two 1.0-microl injections of 5 microg/microl @entity2 , were made 1.0 mm apart either within the nuclei or in the white matter just lateral or posterior to the dentate nucleus. Injections in the region corresponding to the anterior interpositus nucleus produced pronounced dynamic @entity1 and dysmetric movements of the ipsilateral arm when the animal performed unrestrained reaching and grasping movements. In contrast, no relatively short-latency (15-20 min.) deficits were observed after injection in the dentate nucleus, although some effects were observed after several hours. When tested in a primate chair with the forearm supported and restrained at the wrist and elbow, the monkey performed the lift and hold task without @entity1 or @entity3 . However, with the restraint removed, the forces and torques applied to the manipulandum were poorly controlled and erratic. The monkey's arm was ataxic and a 5-Hz intention @entity1 was clearly visible. In addition, the animal was generally unable to compensate for the predictable perturbations and the anticipatory grip force increases were absent. However, overall the results suggest that reversible cerebellar nuclear inactivation with @entity2 has little effect on isolated distal movements of the wrist and fingers.

title: Effects of XXXX inactivation of the cerebellar nuclei on precision grip.

answer: @entity2


abstract: Antibody secretion was measured in vitro as plaque-forming cells (PFC), using an indirect haemolysis-in-gel assay. Protein A from @entity3 (SPA) induced 4900 +/- 1800 (mean +/- SE from 12 individuals) IgG+A+M PFC/10(6) blood lymphocytes. This was comparable to responses induced by Staph. aureus Cowan 1, lipopolysaccharide, pokeweed mitogen, and purified protein derivative of tuberculin. In bone marrow, SPA induced the highest number of PFC (36,500 +/- 100/10(6) of all the B-cell activators. SPA mainly induced IgG PFC and only a few IgA and IgM PFC. In blood, B cells enriched by @entity2 erythrocyte sedimentation gave a higher PFC response to SPA than unseparated blood lymphocytes, whereas almost no stimulation was seen in enriched T cells. In bone marrow, the highest number of PFC stimulated by SPA was often seen among the enriched T cells. After the removal of adherent and phagocytic cells, the number of PFC induced by SPA was reduced in blood and bone marrow cells. In enriched B cells from blood, the number of PFC stimulated by SPA increased in the presence of enriched T cells depleted of @entity1 -positive cells and decreased when cultured with T cells depleted of @entity1 -positive cells. It is concluded that macrophages/monocytes and T helper and suppressor cells play a role in the regulation of @entity0 B-cell antibody secretion induced by SPA.

title: Induction of immunoglobulin secretion by protein A from XXXX in @entity0 blood and bone marrow B cells.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Antibody secretion was measured in vitro as plaque-forming cells (PFC), using an indirect haemolysis-in-gel assay. Protein A from @entity3 (SPA) induced 4900 +/- 1800 (mean +/- SE from 12 individuals) IgG+A+M PFC/10(6) blood lymphocytes. This was comparable to responses induced by Staph. aureus Cowan 1, lipopolysaccharide, pokeweed mitogen, and purified protein derivative of tuberculin. In bone marrow, SPA induced the highest number of PFC (36,500 +/- 100/10(6) of all the B-cell activators. SPA mainly induced IgG PFC and only a few IgA and IgM PFC. In blood, B cells enriched by @entity2 erythrocyte sedimentation gave a higher PFC response to SPA than unseparated blood lymphocytes, whereas almost no stimulation was seen in enriched T cells. In bone marrow, the highest number of PFC stimulated by SPA was often seen among the enriched T cells. After the removal of adherent and phagocytic cells, the number of PFC induced by SPA was reduced in blood and bone marrow cells. In enriched B cells from blood, the number of PFC stimulated by SPA increased in the presence of enriched T cells depleted of @entity1 -positive cells and decreased when cultured with T cells depleted of @entity1 -positive cells. It is concluded that macrophages/monocytes and T helper and suppressor cells play a role in the regulation of @entity0 B-cell antibody secretion induced by SPA.

title: Induction of immunoglobulin secretion by protein A from @entity3 in XXXX blood and bone marrow B cells.

answer: @entity0


abstract: In adults, protein synthesis in skeletal muscle is reduced by as much as 50% after a septic challenge, and is associated with repression of translation initiation. Neonates are highly anabolic and their muscle protein synthesis rates are elevated and uniquely sensitive to @entity2 and insulin stimulation. In the present study, neonatal piglets were infused with Endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, @entity3 ) for 20 h at 0 (n = 6) and 13 microg/kg*h (n = 8). During the last 2 h, @entity1 and an @entity2 mixture were infused to attain fed plasma concentrations of @entity4 , @entity1 , and insulin. Fractional protein synthesis rates and translational control mechanisms were examined. @entity3 reduced protein synthesis in glycolytic muscles by only 13% and had no significant effect in oxidative muscles. This @entity0 was associated with reductions in the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 (-31%) and S6 K1 (-78%), and a decrease in eIF4G binding to @entity6 (-62%), an event required for formation of the active mRNA binding complex. By comparison, @entity3 increased protein synthesis in the liver (+29%), spleen (+32%), and kidney (+27%), and in the liver, this increase was associated with augmented eIF4G to @entity6 binding (+88%). In muscle and liver, @entity3 did not alter eIF2B activity, an event that regulates initiator met-tRNA(i) binding to the 40S ribosomal complex. These findings suggest that during sustained @entity5 , the high rate of neonatal muscle protein synthesis is largely maintained in the presence of substrate supply, despite profound changes in translation initiation factors that modulate the mRNA binding step in translation initiation.

title: Regulation of muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs during prolonged XXXX .

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 transcription factors are emerging as critical players in @entity0 reproductive development and function. @entity7 contributes to fetal male gonadal development by regulating genes mediating M  llerian duct regression and the onset of @entity1 production. @entity6 expression appears to be sexually dimorphic being transiently expressed in the germ cell lineage of the fetal ovary but not the fetal testis. In the reproductive system, @entity3 is exclusively expressed in Sertoli cells at specific seminiferous tubule stages. In addition, @entity7 and @entity8 are localized primary to ovarian and testicular somatic cells. The majority of cell transfection studies demonstrate that @entity3 and @entity7 can stimulate inhibin subunit gene promoter constructs. Other studies provide strong evidence that @entity7 and @entity8 can activate genes mediating gonadal cell steroidogenesis. @entity6 and @entity4 are found in pituitary and placental cells and can regulate alpha-glycoprotein subunit gene expression. Gonadal expression and activation of GATAs appear to be regulated in part by gonadotropin signaling via the @entity2 -protein kinase A pathway. This review will cover the current knowledge regarding @entity5 expression and function at all levels of the reproductive axis.

title: The role of XXXX in @entity0 reproduction.

answer: @entity5


abstract: @entity5 transcription factors are emerging as critical players in @entity0 reproductive development and function. @entity7 contributes to fetal male gonadal development by regulating genes mediating M  llerian duct regression and the onset of @entity1 production. @entity6 expression appears to be sexually dimorphic being transiently expressed in the germ cell lineage of the fetal ovary but not the fetal testis. In the reproductive system, @entity3 is exclusively expressed in Sertoli cells at specific seminiferous tubule stages. In addition, @entity7 and @entity8 are localized primary to ovarian and testicular somatic cells. The majority of cell transfection studies demonstrate that @entity3 and @entity7 can stimulate inhibin subunit gene promoter constructs. Other studies provide strong evidence that @entity7 and @entity8 can activate genes mediating gonadal cell steroidogenesis. @entity6 and @entity4 are found in pituitary and placental cells and can regulate alpha-glycoprotein subunit gene expression. Gonadal expression and activation of GATAs appear to be regulated in part by gonadotropin signaling via the @entity2 -protein kinase A pathway. This review will cover the current knowledge regarding @entity5 expression and function at all levels of the reproductive axis.

title: The role of @entity5 in XXXX reproduction.

answer: @entity0


abstract: Three vesicular @entity1 transporters (VGLUTs) have been recently identified and their distribution has been mapped in various brain areas. In the present study, we used morphological approaches to investigate their expression in the @entity0 lumbar spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Our results show a complementary distribution of VGLUT-expressing fibers in the spinal cord, with no overlapping in nerve endings. In the dorsal horn, @entity2 is most abundant in mechanosensory/proprioceptive deep afferent fibers. @entity3 and @entity4 are expressed only at moderate levels in primary sensory afferent fibers and are not used by central projections of nociceptive neurons. @entity2 and @entity3 mRNAs are mainly segregated in superficial laminae but colocalized in deeper laminae. Weak expression of @entity4 mRNA is only detected in deep laminae. The colocalization of @entity2 and @entity3 transcripts in most sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia is not in agreement with the clear segregation between the proteins in their spinal projections. Such a discrepancy suggests targeting mechanisms specific for each transporter and/or a distinct regulation of their translation. In the ventral horn, the expression of @entity2 and @entity3 mRNAs in motoneuron perikarya suggests the possible unexpected role of @entity1 in the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. These results demonstrate the existence of different subpopulations of @entity1 nerve terminals in the @entity0 lumbar spinal cord and suggest that functionally distinct subsets of excitatory glutamatergic neuronal networks are involved in sensory processing and motor control.

title: Expression of vesicular XXXX transporters in @entity0 lumbar spinal cord, with a note on dorsal root ganglia.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Three vesicular @entity1 transporters (VGLUTs) have been recently identified and their distribution has been mapped in various brain areas. In the present study, we used morphological approaches to investigate their expression in the @entity0 lumbar spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. Our results show a complementary distribution of VGLUT-expressing fibers in the spinal cord, with no overlapping in nerve endings. In the dorsal horn, @entity2 is most abundant in mechanosensory/proprioceptive deep afferent fibers. @entity3 and @entity4 are expressed only at moderate levels in primary sensory afferent fibers and are not used by central projections of nociceptive neurons. @entity2 and @entity3 mRNAs are mainly segregated in superficial laminae but colocalized in deeper laminae. Weak expression of @entity4 mRNA is only detected in deep laminae. The colocalization of @entity2 and @entity3 transcripts in most sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia is not in agreement with the clear segregation between the proteins in their spinal projections. Such a discrepancy suggests targeting mechanisms specific for each transporter and/or a distinct regulation of their translation. In the ventral horn, the expression of @entity2 and @entity3 mRNAs in motoneuron perikarya suggests the possible unexpected role of @entity1 in the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. These results demonstrate the existence of different subpopulations of @entity1 nerve terminals in the @entity0 lumbar spinal cord and suggest that functionally distinct subsets of excitatory glutamatergic neuronal networks are involved in sensory processing and motor control.

title: Expression of vesicular @entity1 transporters in XXXX lumbar spinal cord, with a note on dorsal root ganglia.

answer: @entity0


abstract: The electrocardiographic findings in 102 consecutive @entity0 with @entity8 were reviewed to determine the frequency and nature of the electrocardiographic abnormalities associated with this disease. @entity6 pattern unassociated with QRS prolongation was present in 10 percent, compared with none of 96 control subjects (p less than 0.001). @entity7 were present in 17 percent. A normal electrocardiogram was obtained in 49 percent. A subset of 48 @entity0 underwent detailed cardiopulmonary evaluation including exercise thallium scintigraphy, rest and exercise radionuclide ventriculography, pulmonary function tests, and chest roentgenography. Functional correlations of the electrocardiographic findings were examined in this subset. @entity6 pattern (five of 48) and @entity7 (10 of 48) were both associated with septal or anteroseptal thallium perfusion abnormalities (10 of 15 versus six of 33 of the remainder, p less than 0.005), which were present despite normal coronary angiographic results. Thallium defect scores were greater in @entity0 with @entity6 pattern or @entity7 compared with the remainder (defect scores 3.0 +/- 2.6 versus 1.4 +/- 2.2, respectively, p less than 0.025). In @entity0 with @entity7 , both @entity5 and @entity5 with @entity5 were associated with abnormal left ventricular function, whereas isolated @entity5 or @entity5 was associated with normal left ventricular function. A normal electrocardiographic finding (19 of 48) was associated with normal left ventricular function at rest (19 of 19). However, 11 of 19 (58 percent) had thallium perfusion defects and four of 19 (21 percent) had an abnormal response to exercise, although in none was the peak ejection fraction less than 50 percent. It is concluded that both @entity6 pattern and @entity7 are electrocardiographic abnormalities associated with @entity4 ; they appear to be a result of @entity3 . Some degree of @entity3 may be present with a normal electrocardiographic result, but significant left @entity1 is unlikely. @entity6 pattern and @entity7 , when present, are indicators of more advanced @entity2 .

title: The electrocardiogram in systemic sclerosis ( XXXX ). Study of 102 consecutive cases with functional correlations and review of the literature.

answer: @entity8


abstract: OBJECTIVE: There has been little work reported in the literature concerning @entity2 resulting from high level falls and almost none devoted to maxillofacial @entity2 following defenestration. The purpose of this work was to report the first series of defenestration victims who incurred maxillofacial @entity2 . METHOD: This retrospective series included all @entity0 treated at the Piti  - @entity11  tri  re hospital between July 1994 and July 1999, all units included: surgery intensive care, @entity7 , orthopedic surgery or maxillofacial surgery. RESULTS: Female gender predominated in comparison with studies concerning high level falls (SR=0.5) with no difference concerning age (mu=31.5, sigma2=9.1). Fifty percent of the @entity0 had a maxillofacial involvement. @entity5 ensued in 17.2% (11/64 @entity0 ). The height of the fall among survivors ranged from one floor to eight floors; third-floor falls accounted for 31%. Defenestration was intentional in 70.3% of the cases, accidental in 17.1% and undetermined in 12.6%. The suicide attempts involved 13 @entity0 with maniac @entity6 , 11 with @entity6 , 6 with @entity3 , 2 with undetermined familial problems, and 12 with no specific history. Four @entity0 were drug abusers and 3 were alcoholics. Fifty percent of the victims were living in precarious social and economical conditions. The maxillofacial injuries included: 20 mandibular @entity4 , 15 @entity4 (I, II, III or combined), 2 blow out @entity4 , 7 @entity4 of the orbital roof, 15 @entity4 of the malar bone, 7 @entity4 of the nose bones, and 11 @entity4 of the naso-ethmo  do-maxillo-fronto-orbital complex. On the average, @entity0 lost 6 dental elements. The mean Glasgow index was 7.9. Extrafacial injuries included limb @entity4 (89%), @entity8 (73.4%), @entity1 (67%), @entity9 (40.6%), and @entity10 (26.5%). CONCLUSION: The psychic and social vulnerability of the defenestration @entity0 aggravated by the @entity2 is a fundamental dimension which must be taken into consideration during the initial management of these @entity0 .

title: [Maxillofacial XXXX by defenestration: 64 cases].

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adjustable maintenance dosing with @entity2 / @entity3 in a single inhaler ( @entity4 , AstraZeneca, Lund, Sweden) may provide a convenient means of maintaining @entity1 control with the minimum effective medication level. OBJECTIVES: To compare adjustable and fixed maintenance dosing regimens of @entity2 / @entity3 in @entity1 . METHODS: This was an open-label, randomized, parallel-group, multicentre, Canadian study of @entity1 @entity0 (aged 12 years or older, postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s 70% or greater of predicted normal). Following a one-month run-in on @entity2 / @entity3 (100/6 mg or 200/6 mg metered doses, two inhalations twice daily), 995 @entity0 were randomly assigned either to continue on this fixed dosing regimen or to receive @entity2 / @entity3 adjustable dosing (step down to one inhalation twice daily if symptoms were controlled or temporarily step up to four inhalations twice daily for seven or 14 days if @entity1 worsened). The primary efficacy variable was the occurrence of exacerbations (requiring oral or inhaled corticosteroids, emergency department treatment, serious adverse events or added maintenance therapy because of @entity1 ). RESULTS: With adjustable dosing, significantly fewer @entity0 experienced exacerbations compared with fixed dosing (4.0% versus 8.9%, P=0.002; number needed to treat=21 [95% CI 13 to 59]). @entity0 required 36% fewer overall doses of @entity2 / @entity3 (2.5 versus 3.9 inhalations/day, P<0.001), and total costs per @entity0 were lower (difference over five months -141 Canadian dollars [95% CI -162 Canadian dollars to -116 Canadian dollars]). Asthma symptom severity (modified National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute stage) was maintained or improved in 97% or greater of @entity0 in both groups (pre-run-in to end of treatment). Both treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 / @entity3 adjustable maintenance dosing provided more effective @entity1 control than fixed dosing, with a lower overall drug dose and reduced total cost.

title: Adjustable maintenance dosing with @entity2 / XXXX reduces @entity1 exacerbations compared with traditional fixed dosing: a five-month multicentre Canadian study.

answer: @entity3


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adjustable maintenance dosing with @entity2 / @entity3 in a single inhaler ( @entity4 , AstraZeneca, Lund, Sweden) may provide a convenient means of maintaining @entity1 control with the minimum effective medication level. OBJECTIVES: To compare adjustable and fixed maintenance dosing regimens of @entity2 / @entity3 in @entity1 . METHODS: This was an open-label, randomized, parallel-group, multicentre, Canadian study of @entity1 @entity0 (aged 12 years or older, postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s 70% or greater of predicted normal). Following a one-month run-in on @entity2 / @entity3 (100/6 mg or 200/6 mg metered doses, two inhalations twice daily), 995 @entity0 were randomly assigned either to continue on this fixed dosing regimen or to receive @entity2 / @entity3 adjustable dosing (step down to one inhalation twice daily if symptoms were controlled or temporarily step up to four inhalations twice daily for seven or 14 days if @entity1 worsened). The primary efficacy variable was the occurrence of exacerbations (requiring oral or inhaled corticosteroids, emergency department treatment, serious adverse events or added maintenance therapy because of @entity1 ). RESULTS: With adjustable dosing, significantly fewer @entity0 experienced exacerbations compared with fixed dosing (4.0% versus 8.9%, P=0.002; number needed to treat=21 [95% CI 13 to 59]). @entity0 required 36% fewer overall doses of @entity2 / @entity3 (2.5 versus 3.9 inhalations/day, P<0.001), and total costs per @entity0 were lower (difference over five months -141 Canadian dollars [95% CI -162 Canadian dollars to -116 Canadian dollars]). Asthma symptom severity (modified National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute stage) was maintained or improved in 97% or greater of @entity0 in both groups (pre-run-in to end of treatment). Both treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 / @entity3 adjustable maintenance dosing provided more effective @entity1 control than fixed dosing, with a lower overall drug dose and reduced total cost.

title: Adjustable maintenance dosing with XXXX / @entity3 reduces @entity1 exacerbations compared with traditional fixed dosing: a five-month multicentre Canadian study.

answer: @entity2


abstract: BACKGROUND: Adjustable maintenance dosing with @entity2 / @entity3 in a single inhaler ( @entity4 , AstraZeneca, Lund, Sweden) may provide a convenient means of maintaining @entity1 control with the minimum effective medication level. OBJECTIVES: To compare adjustable and fixed maintenance dosing regimens of @entity2 / @entity3 in @entity1 . METHODS: This was an open-label, randomized, parallel-group, multicentre, Canadian study of @entity1 @entity0 (aged 12 years or older, postbronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s 70% or greater of predicted normal). Following a one-month run-in on @entity2 / @entity3 (100/6 mg or 200/6 mg metered doses, two inhalations twice daily), 995 @entity0 were randomly assigned either to continue on this fixed dosing regimen or to receive @entity2 / @entity3 adjustable dosing (step down to one inhalation twice daily if symptoms were controlled or temporarily step up to four inhalations twice daily for seven or 14 days if @entity1 worsened). The primary efficacy variable was the occurrence of exacerbations (requiring oral or inhaled corticosteroids, emergency department treatment, serious adverse events or added maintenance therapy because of @entity1 ). RESULTS: With adjustable dosing, significantly fewer @entity0 experienced exacerbations compared with fixed dosing (4.0% versus 8.9%, P=0.002; number needed to treat=21 [95% CI 13 to 59]). @entity0 required 36% fewer overall doses of @entity2 / @entity3 (2.5 versus 3.9 inhalations/day, P<0.001), and total costs per @entity0 were lower (difference over five months -141 Canadian dollars [95% CI -162 Canadian dollars to -116 Canadian dollars]). Asthma symptom severity (modified National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute stage) was maintained or improved in 97% or greater of @entity0 in both groups (pre-run-in to end of treatment). Both treatments were well tolerated. CONCLUSIONS: @entity2 / @entity3 adjustable maintenance dosing provided more effective @entity1 control than fixed dosing, with a lower overall drug dose and reduced total cost.

title: Adjustable maintenance dosing with @entity2 / @entity3 reduces XXXX exacerbations compared with traditional fixed dosing: a five-month multicentre Canadian study.

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an @entity2 characterized by recurring short attacks of @entity3 and @entity11 . @entity6 is the worst complication of the disease and often determines the prognosis. The @entity13 gene, on chromosome 16p13.3, is responsible for the disease and around 30 mutations have been reported to date. @entity7 is the standard @entity5 treatment today, and prevents both @entity4 in 95% of @entity0 . Here we describe a three-generation Spanish kindred with five family members affected by a severe periodic @entity1 associated with @entity12 and @entity7 unresponsiveness. Clinical diagnosis of @entity5 was made based on the Tel-Hashomer criteria set. Genetic analyses revealed that all subjects were heterozygous for the new @entity14 @entity13 variant, segregating with the disease. In addition, mutations in the @entity10 and @entity8 / @entity8 / @entity8 genes, related to the @entity2 , were ruled out. However, the dominant inheritance of the disease, the long @entity3 episodes with a predominant joint involvement, and the resistance to @entity7 in these @entity0 raise the question of whether the @entity5 seen in this kindred is a true @entity5 with unusual manifestations or rather another @entity13 -associated @entity5 . We conclude that the new @entity14 @entity13 mutation is the dominant pathological variant causing the @entity1 in this kindred and that full-length analyses of the @entity13 gene are needed to obtain an adequate diagnosis of @entity0 with clinical suspicion of a @entity9 , especially those from non-ancestral populations.

title: A severe @entity2 with @entity12 and @entity7 resistance associated to the @entity13 @entity14 variant in a Spanish kindred: an unusual familial Mediterranean XXXX phenotype or another @entity13 -associated periodic @entity1 ?

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an @entity2 characterized by recurring short attacks of @entity3 and @entity11 . @entity6 is the worst complication of the disease and often determines the prognosis. The @entity13 gene, on chromosome 16p13.3, is responsible for the disease and around 30 mutations have been reported to date. @entity7 is the standard @entity5 treatment today, and prevents both @entity4 in 95% of @entity0 . Here we describe a three-generation Spanish kindred with five family members affected by a severe periodic @entity1 associated with @entity12 and @entity7 unresponsiveness. Clinical diagnosis of @entity5 was made based on the Tel-Hashomer criteria set. Genetic analyses revealed that all subjects were heterozygous for the new @entity14 @entity13 variant, segregating with the disease. In addition, mutations in the @entity10 and @entity8 / @entity8 / @entity8 genes, related to the @entity2 , were ruled out. However, the dominant inheritance of the disease, the long @entity3 episodes with a predominant joint involvement, and the resistance to @entity7 in these @entity0 raise the question of whether the @entity5 seen in this kindred is a true @entity5 with unusual manifestations or rather another @entity13 -associated @entity5 . We conclude that the new @entity14 @entity13 mutation is the dominant pathological variant causing the @entity1 in this kindred and that full-length analyses of the @entity13 gene are needed to obtain an adequate diagnosis of @entity0 with clinical suspicion of a @entity9 , especially those from non-ancestral populations.

title: A severe @entity2 with @entity12 and XXXX resistance associated to the @entity13 @entity14 variant in a Spanish kindred: an unusual familial Mediterranean @entity3 phenotype or another @entity13 -associated periodic @entity1 ?

answer: @entity7


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an @entity2 characterized by recurring short attacks of @entity3 and @entity11 . @entity6 is the worst complication of the disease and often determines the prognosis. The @entity13 gene, on chromosome 16p13.3, is responsible for the disease and around 30 mutations have been reported to date. @entity7 is the standard @entity5 treatment today, and prevents both @entity4 in 95% of @entity0 . Here we describe a three-generation Spanish kindred with five family members affected by a severe periodic @entity1 associated with @entity12 and @entity7 unresponsiveness. Clinical diagnosis of @entity5 was made based on the Tel-Hashomer criteria set. Genetic analyses revealed that all subjects were heterozygous for the new @entity14 @entity13 variant, segregating with the disease. In addition, mutations in the @entity10 and @entity8 / @entity8 / @entity8 genes, related to the @entity2 , were ruled out. However, the dominant inheritance of the disease, the long @entity3 episodes with a predominant joint involvement, and the resistance to @entity7 in these @entity0 raise the question of whether the @entity5 seen in this kindred is a true @entity5 with unusual manifestations or rather another @entity13 -associated @entity5 . We conclude that the new @entity14 @entity13 mutation is the dominant pathological variant causing the @entity1 in this kindred and that full-length analyses of the @entity13 gene are needed to obtain an adequate diagnosis of @entity0 with clinical suspicion of a @entity9 , especially those from non-ancestral populations.

title: A severe @entity2 with XXXX and @entity7 resistance associated to the @entity13 @entity14 variant in a Spanish kindred: an unusual familial Mediterranean @entity3 phenotype or another @entity13 -associated periodic @entity1 ?

answer: @entity12


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an @entity2 characterized by recurring short attacks of @entity3 and @entity11 . @entity6 is the worst complication of the disease and often determines the prognosis. The @entity13 gene, on chromosome 16p13.3, is responsible for the disease and around 30 mutations have been reported to date. @entity7 is the standard @entity5 treatment today, and prevents both @entity4 in 95% of @entity0 . Here we describe a three-generation Spanish kindred with five family members affected by a severe periodic @entity1 associated with @entity12 and @entity7 unresponsiveness. Clinical diagnosis of @entity5 was made based on the Tel-Hashomer criteria set. Genetic analyses revealed that all subjects were heterozygous for the new @entity14 @entity13 variant, segregating with the disease. In addition, mutations in the @entity10 and @entity8 / @entity8 / @entity8 genes, related to the @entity2 , were ruled out. However, the dominant inheritance of the disease, the long @entity3 episodes with a predominant joint involvement, and the resistance to @entity7 in these @entity0 raise the question of whether the @entity5 seen in this kindred is a true @entity5 with unusual manifestations or rather another @entity13 -associated @entity5 . We conclude that the new @entity14 @entity13 mutation is the dominant pathological variant causing the @entity1 in this kindred and that full-length analyses of the @entity13 gene are needed to obtain an adequate diagnosis of @entity0 with clinical suspicion of a @entity9 , especially those from non-ancestral populations.

title: A severe XXXX with @entity12 and @entity7 resistance associated to the @entity13 @entity14 variant in a Spanish kindred: an unusual familial Mediterranean @entity3 phenotype or another @entity13 -associated periodic @entity1 ?

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an @entity2 characterized by recurring short attacks of @entity3 and @entity11 . @entity6 is the worst complication of the disease and often determines the prognosis. The @entity13 gene, on chromosome 16p13.3, is responsible for the disease and around 30 mutations have been reported to date. @entity7 is the standard @entity5 treatment today, and prevents both @entity4 in 95% of @entity0 . Here we describe a three-generation Spanish kindred with five family members affected by a severe periodic @entity1 associated with @entity12 and @entity7 unresponsiveness. Clinical diagnosis of @entity5 was made based on the Tel-Hashomer criteria set. Genetic analyses revealed that all subjects were heterozygous for the new @entity14 @entity13 variant, segregating with the disease. In addition, mutations in the @entity10 and @entity8 / @entity8 / @entity8 genes, related to the @entity2 , were ruled out. However, the dominant inheritance of the disease, the long @entity3 episodes with a predominant joint involvement, and the resistance to @entity7 in these @entity0 raise the question of whether the @entity5 seen in this kindred is a true @entity5 with unusual manifestations or rather another @entity13 -associated @entity5 . We conclude that the new @entity14 @entity13 mutation is the dominant pathological variant causing the @entity1 in this kindred and that full-length analyses of the @entity13 gene are needed to obtain an adequate diagnosis of @entity0 with clinical suspicion of a @entity9 , especially those from non-ancestral populations.

title: A severe @entity2 with @entity12 and @entity7 resistance associated to the @entity13 @entity14 variant in a Spanish kindred: an unusual familial Mediterranean @entity3 phenotype or another @entity13 -associated periodic XXXX ?

answer: @entity1


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an @entity2 characterized by recurring short attacks of @entity3 and @entity11 . @entity6 is the worst complication of the disease and often determines the prognosis. The @entity13 gene, on chromosome 16p13.3, is responsible for the disease and around 30 mutations have been reported to date. @entity7 is the standard @entity5 treatment today, and prevents both @entity4 in 95% of @entity0 . Here we describe a three-generation Spanish kindred with five family members affected by a severe periodic @entity1 associated with @entity12 and @entity7 unresponsiveness. Clinical diagnosis of @entity5 was made based on the Tel-Hashomer criteria set. Genetic analyses revealed that all subjects were heterozygous for the new @entity14 @entity13 variant, segregating with the disease. In addition, mutations in the @entity10 and @entity8 / @entity8 / @entity8 genes, related to the @entity2 , were ruled out. However, the dominant inheritance of the disease, the long @entity3 episodes with a predominant joint involvement, and the resistance to @entity7 in these @entity0 raise the question of whether the @entity5 seen in this kindred is a true @entity5 with unusual manifestations or rather another @entity13 -associated @entity5 . We conclude that the new @entity14 @entity13 mutation is the dominant pathological variant causing the @entity1 in this kindred and that full-length analyses of the @entity13 gene are needed to obtain an adequate diagnosis of @entity0 with clinical suspicion of a @entity9 , especially those from non-ancestral populations.

title: A severe @entity2 with @entity12 and @entity7 resistance associated to the XXXX @entity14 variant in a Spanish kindred: an unusual familial Mediterranean @entity3 phenotype or another @entity13 -associated periodic @entity1 ?

answer: @entity13


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an @entity2 characterized by recurring short attacks of @entity3 and @entity11 . @entity6 is the worst complication of the disease and often determines the prognosis. The @entity13 gene, on chromosome 16p13.3, is responsible for the disease and around 30 mutations have been reported to date. @entity7 is the standard @entity5 treatment today, and prevents both @entity4 in 95% of @entity0 . Here we describe a three-generation Spanish kindred with five family members affected by a severe periodic @entity1 associated with @entity12 and @entity7 unresponsiveness. Clinical diagnosis of @entity5 was made based on the Tel-Hashomer criteria set. Genetic analyses revealed that all subjects were heterozygous for the new @entity14 @entity13 variant, segregating with the disease. In addition, mutations in the @entity10 and @entity8 / @entity8 / @entity8 genes, related to the @entity2 , were ruled out. However, the dominant inheritance of the disease, the long @entity3 episodes with a predominant joint involvement, and the resistance to @entity7 in these @entity0 raise the question of whether the @entity5 seen in this kindred is a true @entity5 with unusual manifestations or rather another @entity13 -associated @entity5 . We conclude that the new @entity14 @entity13 mutation is the dominant pathological variant causing the @entity1 in this kindred and that full-length analyses of the @entity13 gene are needed to obtain an adequate diagnosis of @entity0 with clinical suspicion of a @entity9 , especially those from non-ancestral populations.

title: A severe @entity2 with @entity12 and @entity7 resistance associated to the @entity13 @entity14 variant in a Spanish kindred: an unusual familial Mediterranean @entity3 phenotype or another XXXX -associated periodic @entity1 ?

answer: @entity13


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) is an @entity2 characterized by recurring short attacks of @entity3 and @entity11 . @entity6 is the worst complication of the disease and often determines the prognosis. The @entity13 gene, on chromosome 16p13.3, is responsible for the disease and around 30 mutations have been reported to date. @entity7 is the standard @entity5 treatment today, and prevents both @entity4 in 95% of @entity0 . Here we describe a three-generation Spanish kindred with five family members affected by a severe periodic @entity1 associated with @entity12 and @entity7 unresponsiveness. Clinical diagnosis of @entity5 was made based on the Tel-Hashomer criteria set. Genetic analyses revealed that all subjects were heterozygous for the new @entity14 @entity13 variant, segregating with the disease. In addition, mutations in the @entity10 and @entity8 / @entity8 / @entity8 genes, related to the @entity2 , were ruled out. However, the dominant inheritance of the disease, the long @entity3 episodes with a predominant joint involvement, and the resistance to @entity7 in these @entity0 raise the question of whether the @entity5 seen in this kindred is a true @entity5 with unusual manifestations or rather another @entity13 -associated @entity5 . We conclude that the new @entity14 @entity13 mutation is the dominant pathological variant causing the @entity1 in this kindred and that full-length analyses of the @entity13 gene are needed to obtain an adequate diagnosis of @entity0 with clinical suspicion of a @entity9 , especially those from non-ancestral populations.

title: A severe @entity2 with @entity12 and @entity7 resistance associated to the @entity13 XXXX variant in a Spanish kindred: an unusual familial Mediterranean @entity3 phenotype or another @entity13 -associated periodic @entity1 ?

answer: @entity14


abstract: Two adolescents presented with a history of @entity4 upon exertion and cough. In both cases, the chest X-ray and pulmonary function testing, including flow-volume loop, were normal. A @entity2 was diagnosed by CT scan, which was ordered after each @entity0 had an episode of hemoptysis. The sedimentation rate was the only abnormal laboratory test in both cases. @entity5 of the bronchus, a rare @entity2 in childhood, was found at pathology in both cases. There was no evidence of @entity1 to local lymph nodes or distal sites. There were 47 previously reported cases in @entity0 . Recurrent @entity3 and persistent cough were the most common presenting findings. These @entity2 are of low-grade malignant potential but they can become locally invasive, extending into cartilage and surrounding soft tissue. Prognosis is good with complete resection.

title: XXXX of the bronchus presenting with a negative chest X-ray and normal pulmonary function in two teenagers: two case reports and review of the literature.

answer: @entity5


abstract: Nowadays most issues regarding @entity1 are described as @entity4 ( @entity4 )-which is defined as all symptoms that manifestate as impaired blood outflow from the lower limbs or in general the result of @entity2 in the deep and superficial venous system. Due to the fact that the symptomatology of @entity1 is wide, the treatment should be multioriented and often as well multi-specialized. The treatment of @entity4 needs a good understanding of the etiology of the primary insufficiency of the superficial and the deep venous systems. The main purpose of the surgical therapy is to remove the reflux in the great saphenous vein and the perforating veins. Additionally, during the surgical treatment the various veins should be removed in a way that gives the best cosmetic effect. In this article we presented the analysis of different surgical treatments in @entity0 diagnosed with @entity4 2-4 grade according to @entity5 scale. The @entity0 were hospitalized in our Clinic between april 1998 and april 2003. This group consisted of 311 @entity0 , among them were 257 @entity0 with primary varices, 25 @entity0 with recurrent varices and 29 with @entity3 . The choice of surgery was based on clinical examination and the result of venous USG. The most frequent (62%) surgical therapy was removal of the great saphenous vein with miniphlebectomy. To make the treatment more efficient we used the endoscopic method of obliteration of the insufficient perforating veins in lower limbs, called subfascial endoscopic perforating surgery (SEPS).

title: [Surgical treatment of XXXX in own material].

answer: @entity4


abstract: The healing process of telescopic anastomoses was found in an animal experiment with 12 mongrel @entity0 . After the division of vessels an ileal segment of different length was invaginated into the lumen of the colon using single-layer interrupted sutures. The following four groups were used: Group A (n = 3): end-to-side ileocolostomy, single-layer interrupted suture (invagination length: 0 mm), survival time: 21 days. Group B (n = 3): invagination length: 20 mm, survival time: 7 days. Group C (n = 3): invagination length: 10 mm, survival time: 21 days. Group D (n = 3): invagination length: 20 mm, survival time: 21 days. At the end of the above survival times the @entity1 area was removed. The bursting pressure was measured and morphological as well as histological examinations were performed. In each case the 0-day look-alikes of anastomoses were performed using the remnant bowels, and bursting pressure measurements were done on these models as well. @entity1 leakage did not occur. The serosal layer of the intracolonic part of the ileum disappeared during the healing process. The free surface of the intracolonic ileal segment became covered by the sliding mucosa of the colon and the prolapsing mucosa of the ileum. The following could be concluded after the experiments: The inner pressure tolerance of a telescopic ileocolostomy promptly after preparation is better than in case of another single-layer @entity1 . This fact results in increased safety against leakage on the first postoperative days. The inner pressure tolerance of the telescopic ileocolostomy increases during the healing process and it does not depend on the length of the invaginated part (0 day-20 mm: 56 mmHg +/- 6, Group A: 252 +/- 39, Group B: 154 +/- 19, Group C: 249 +/- 20, Group D: 298 +/- 2). There is no difference in pressure tolerance between the telescopic and the end-to-side single-layer interrupted anastomoses after the healing process. The invaginated section within the lumen of the large intestine does not suffer ischaemic or any other kind of damage. This inexpensive and simple @entity1 technique could be useful in the veterinary surgical practice as well.

title: Operation technique and healing process of telescopic ileocolostomy in XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: In asymptomatic or symptomatic @entity0 with an audible click and late systolic murmur, @entity7 can be assumed to be present, the pathologic-anatomical substrate of which is characterized by myxomatous changes in the mitral valve leaflets and collagen degeneration of the chordae tendineae. The conclusion that all @entity0 with a systolic click have a diseased mitral valve and are at risk of complications is probably excessive. In the presence of an unequivocally-audible click and/or late systolic murmur, an echocardiogram for confirmation of the diagnosis is not necessary. If the auscultatory findings are uncertain, an M-mode recording and, because of its high sensitivity and specificity, a two-dimensional display from the @entity6 view should be obtained. From the apical four-chamber view, false-positive findings may be incurred. A small percentage of @entity0 with @entity7 have complaints which can be assumed attributable to disturbances in the neuroendocrine system (Tables 1 and 3). To what extent a relationship actually exists between @entity8 and @entity7 and whether or not this is coincidental, remains unclear. Treatment of the symptoms with anxiolytic drugs or beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents is only indicated for disabling complaints if reassurance and psychological support are ineffective. Complaints of @entity2 are atypical for @entity5 . Supraventricular and @entity3 may be observed (Table 3), the initial step in the management of which is to advise avoidance of irritants such as coffee, @entity1 and emotional stress. Medical treatment is only indicated for hemodynamically-meaningful @entity3 and in those @entity0 in whom an increased risk of @entity4 is present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Understanding XXXX ( @entity7 ).

answer: @entity7


abstract: In asymptomatic or symptomatic @entity0 with an audible click and late systolic murmur, @entity7 can be assumed to be present, the pathologic-anatomical substrate of which is characterized by myxomatous changes in the mitral valve leaflets and collagen degeneration of the chordae tendineae. The conclusion that all @entity0 with a systolic click have a diseased mitral valve and are at risk of complications is probably excessive. In the presence of an unequivocally-audible click and/or late systolic murmur, an echocardiogram for confirmation of the diagnosis is not necessary. If the auscultatory findings are uncertain, an M-mode recording and, because of its high sensitivity and specificity, a two-dimensional display from the @entity6 view should be obtained. From the apical four-chamber view, false-positive findings may be incurred. A small percentage of @entity0 with @entity7 have complaints which can be assumed attributable to disturbances in the neuroendocrine system (Tables 1 and 3). To what extent a relationship actually exists between @entity8 and @entity7 and whether or not this is coincidental, remains unclear. Treatment of the symptoms with anxiolytic drugs or beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents is only indicated for disabling complaints if reassurance and psychological support are ineffective. Complaints of @entity2 are atypical for @entity5 . Supraventricular and @entity3 may be observed (Table 3), the initial step in the management of which is to advise avoidance of irritants such as coffee, @entity1 and emotional stress. Medical treatment is only indicated for hemodynamically-meaningful @entity3 and in those @entity0 in whom an increased risk of @entity4 is present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

title: Understanding @entity7 ( XXXX ).

answer: @entity7


abstract: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor family. The hypolipidemic fibrates and the antidiabetic glitazones are synthetic ligands for @entity5 and @entity6 , respectively. Furthermore, @entity3 and @entity4 are natural @entity5 ligands. PPARs function as regulators of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and @entity1 homeostasis and influence cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. @entity5 is highly expressed in tissues such as liver, muscle, kidney and heart, where it stimulates the beta-oxidative degradation of @entity3 . @entity5 furthermore mediates the action of the hypolipidemic drugs of the fibrate class on plasma lipoprotein metabolism. @entity6 is predominantly expressed in intestine and adipose tissue. @entity6 triggers adipocyte differentiation and promotes lipid storage. In addition, PPARs play a role in @entity0 control. @entity5 activators inhibit the activation of inflammatory response genes by negatively interfering with the NF-kappa B and AP-1 signalling pathways. @entity5 activators exert these anti-inflammatory activities in different immunological and vascular wall cell types such as monocyte-macrophages, endothelial, epithelial and smooth muscle cells in which PPARs are expressed. These findings indicate a modulatory role for PPARs in the control of the inflammatory response with potential therapeutic applications in @entity0 -related diseases, such as @entity2 .

title: [Role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARS) in the regulation of lipids and XXXX control].

answer: @entity0


abstract: Of decisive importance for the outcome of burn victims are the depth and extent of the burn, and the age and general state of health of the @entity0 . At the site of the injury, the most important initial measure is the abundant application of cold water to the undressed victim. Early intubation of the burn victim should not be employed too readily. When the burns cover more than 10% of the body surface there is an acute danger of shock, and rapid fluid replacement must be aggressively pursued; the infused volume is calculated on the basis of the extent of the burn (Parkland formula). To treat @entity2 , the i.v. administration of opiates or @entity4 in combination with @entity3 has proven value. The onsite management of the burns should be restricted to the application of sterile dressings. Grade 1 and 2a burns may be treated out of hospital by cooling, cold water application, burn ointment dressings. More severe burns require hospitalization and surgical management. Since the severity of burn @entity1 is often underestimated, rapid hospitalization is to be recommended.

title: [Cooling and irrigation, volume replacement, XXXX management. First aid in burns].

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate: (1) the factors associated with the development of @entity4 , (2) the incidence of urinary and @entity2 following closure of the @entity1 and (3) the urodynamic findings in @entity0 with persistent @entity2 . DESIGN: An observational clinical study. SETTING: A specialised @entity1 unit in a developing country. POPULATION: @entity0 following successful anatomical closure of @entity4 . METHODS: Fifty-five @entity0 were enrolled from the Fistula Hospital in Ethiopia, following obstetric @entity1 repair. Their case records were reviewed and details regarding (1) antecedent obstetric factors, (2) the site, size and type of @entity1 and (3) pre-operative @entity5 mobility and vaginal scarring were recorded. All @entity0 were questioned regarding symptoms of @entity2 . @entity0 reporting @entity2 following @entity1 repair underwent urodynamic investigations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical and urodynamic assessment. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity0 was 23 years (range 16-45 years). The @entity1 in 38 @entity0 (69%) followed the first delivery and in 17 @entity0 (31%) following a subsequent delivery. The mean duration of labour was four days (range 1-9 days). Forty-four @entity0 (80%) had an isolated @entity3 and 11 (20%) had a combined vesico-vaginal and @entity6 . The mean diameter of the @entity1 was 2.9 cm (0.5-6 cm). Successful repair occurred in all @entity0 . Thirty @entity0 (55%) reported persistent @entity2 and 21 (38%) altered faecal continence at follow up. In the former group, urodynamic investigations identified genuine stress @entity2 in 17 @entity0 (31%), detrusor instability in two (4%) and mixed @entity2 in 11 (20%). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the high rate of successful closure of the @entity1 in a specialised @entity1 unit, but highlights the problem of persistent @entity2 following closure.

title: Urinary and XXXX following delayed primary @entity4 .

answer: @entity2


abstract: OBJECTIVE: To evaluate: (1) the factors associated with the development of @entity4 , (2) the incidence of urinary and @entity2 following closure of the @entity1 and (3) the urodynamic findings in @entity0 with persistent @entity2 . DESIGN: An observational clinical study. SETTING: A specialised @entity1 unit in a developing country. POPULATION: @entity0 following successful anatomical closure of @entity4 . METHODS: Fifty-five @entity0 were enrolled from the Fistula Hospital in Ethiopia, following obstetric @entity1 repair. Their case records were reviewed and details regarding (1) antecedent obstetric factors, (2) the site, size and type of @entity1 and (3) pre-operative @entity5 mobility and vaginal scarring were recorded. All @entity0 were questioned regarding symptoms of @entity2 . @entity0 reporting @entity2 following @entity1 repair underwent urodynamic investigations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Clinical and urodynamic assessment. RESULTS: The mean age of the @entity0 was 23 years (range 16-45 years). The @entity1 in 38 @entity0 (69%) followed the first delivery and in 17 @entity0 (31%) following a subsequent delivery. The mean duration of labour was four days (range 1-9 days). Forty-four @entity0 (80%) had an isolated @entity3 and 11 (20%) had a combined vesico-vaginal and @entity6 . The mean diameter of the @entity1 was 2.9 cm (0.5-6 cm). Successful repair occurred in all @entity0 . Thirty @entity0 (55%) reported persistent @entity2 and 21 (38%) altered faecal continence at follow up. In the former group, urodynamic investigations identified genuine stress @entity2 in 17 @entity0 (31%), detrusor instability in two (4%) and mixed @entity2 in 11 (20%). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates the high rate of successful closure of the @entity1 in a specialised @entity1 unit, but highlights the problem of persistent @entity2 following closure.

title: Urinary and @entity2 following delayed primary XXXX .

answer: @entity4


abstract: In cases of tracheal compression by a mediastinal mass or @entity2 , muscle relaxant might induce fetal @entity1 . It is known to be valuable to keep spontaneous @entity6 in these cases. A 42-years-old @entity0 complicated with @entity9 had @entity8 due to acute progression of @entity12 caused by compression from the ascending and aortic @entity11 . After the induction of general anesthesia for video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for high-pneumothorax, she was placed in lateral position. Suddenly it became difficult to ventilate her and her oxygenation saturation declined with @entity4 . We returned her to supine position and then could manage to ventilate her easier. But we could not maintain stable ventilation until her spontaneous @entity6 appeared. VATS was cancelled and she was brought in to the ICU after extubation. In the ICU she developed @entity3 again soon and was reintubated under consciousness guided by bronchofiber scope. We managed successfully to keep spontaneous @entity6 intact under proper sedation by three sedative drugs; @entity10 , @entity7 and @entity5 for 5 days until the next operation. We realized the importance of maintaining spontaneous @entity6 under proper sedation in a case of severe @entity12 .

title: [Respiratory management in a @entity0 with severe @entity12 caused by compression from the ascending XXXX ].

answer: @entity2


abstract: In cases of tracheal compression by a mediastinal mass or @entity2 , muscle relaxant might induce fetal @entity1 . It is known to be valuable to keep spontaneous @entity6 in these cases. A 42-years-old @entity0 complicated with @entity9 had @entity8 due to acute progression of @entity12 caused by compression from the ascending and aortic @entity11 . After the induction of general anesthesia for video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for high-pneumothorax, she was placed in lateral position. Suddenly it became difficult to ventilate her and her oxygenation saturation declined with @entity4 . We returned her to supine position and then could manage to ventilate her easier. But we could not maintain stable ventilation until her spontaneous @entity6 appeared. VATS was cancelled and she was brought in to the ICU after extubation. In the ICU she developed @entity3 again soon and was reintubated under consciousness guided by bronchofiber scope. We managed successfully to keep spontaneous @entity6 intact under proper sedation by three sedative drugs; @entity10 , @entity7 and @entity5 for 5 days until the next operation. We realized the importance of maintaining spontaneous @entity6 under proper sedation in a case of severe @entity12 .

title: [Respiratory management in a @entity0 with severe XXXX caused by compression from the ascending @entity2 ].

answer: @entity12


abstract: In cases of tracheal compression by a mediastinal mass or @entity2 , muscle relaxant might induce fetal @entity1 . It is known to be valuable to keep spontaneous @entity6 in these cases. A 42-years-old @entity0 complicated with @entity9 had @entity8 due to acute progression of @entity12 caused by compression from the ascending and aortic @entity11 . After the induction of general anesthesia for video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for high-pneumothorax, she was placed in lateral position. Suddenly it became difficult to ventilate her and her oxygenation saturation declined with @entity4 . We returned her to supine position and then could manage to ventilate her easier. But we could not maintain stable ventilation until her spontaneous @entity6 appeared. VATS was cancelled and she was brought in to the ICU after extubation. In the ICU she developed @entity3 again soon and was reintubated under consciousness guided by bronchofiber scope. We managed successfully to keep spontaneous @entity6 intact under proper sedation by three sedative drugs; @entity10 , @entity7 and @entity5 for 5 days until the next operation. We realized the importance of maintaining spontaneous @entity6 under proper sedation in a case of severe @entity12 .

title: [Respiratory management in a XXXX with severe @entity12 caused by compression from the ascending @entity2 ].

answer: @entity0


abstract: @entity5 ( @entity5 ) acts on the bone metabolism. Menatetrenon (MK-4) is a @entity5 homologue that has been used as a therapeutic agent for @entity1 in Japan. @entity0 models of immobilization induced by sciatic neurectomy are characterized by transiently increased bone resorption and sustained reduction in bone formation. Using such a @entity0 model, we investigated the efficacy of MK-4 on @entity2 . Male @entity0 were subjected to unilateral sciatic neurectomy and administered MK-4 for 28 d beginning day 21 after operation. The effect of MK-4 on the immobilized bone was assessed by measuring the bone mineral density of the femur, breaking force of the femoral diaphysis, and bone histomorphometry in tibial diaphysis. The @entity3 on both the femoral distal metaphysis and diaphysis was reduced by sciatic neurectomy. The administration of MK-4 ameliorated this reduction in a dose-dependent manner. The administration of 30 mg/kg MK-4 ameliorated the reduction in bone strength. An improvement in bone formation was observed following the administration of MK-4. These results suggest that MK-4 has a therapeutic potential for immobilization-induced @entity4 .

title: Menatetrenone ameliorates reduction in bone mineral density and bone strength in sciatic neurectomized XXXX .

answer: @entity0


abstract: Some evidence has suggested that graft rejection in heart transplant recipients is accompanied by @entity3 . To test this hypothesis the electrocardiograms of 21 orthotopic heart transplant recipients receiving @entity1 were recorded at regularly scheduled biopsies. This resulted in 105 good quality recordings of at least 10 minutes each. All exhibited normal sinus rhythm. These recordings were then processed through patented digital routines that calculated the power spectrum of the RR intervals. All recordings exhibited Mayer wave and respiratory sinus @entity2 (RSA) periodicities. Peak spectral power of RSA (PSP-RSA) demonstrated good repeatability at 2 weeks (r = 0.81). A paired t test comparing the baseline PSP-RSA in eight subjects who experienced rejection episodes with their individual average PSP-RSA during periods of rejection revealed a significant decrease (p = 0.039). As a global measure, PSP-RSA greater than 1 (natural logarithmic scales) demonstrated a sensitivity of 1.0, specificity of 0.42, positive predictive value of 0.22, and negative predictive value of 1.0. These tentative results demonstrate that PSP-RSA may be a sensitive, noninvasive marker for graft rejection of heart transplant @entity0 receiving @entity1 for immunosuppression. A larger, more extensive study needs to be conducted to confirm these results.

title: Use of power spectral analysis of respiratory sinus XXXX to detect graft rejection.

answer: @entity2


abstract: @entity3 accounts for 3% to 10% of cervical @entity3 . @entity4 and severe @entity1 have been reported in more than 80% of blunt @entity3 . In our recent experience, 10 @entity0 sustained 18 blunt cervical @entity8 : two internal carotid artery (ICA) dissections, three ICA transections with @entity9 , five ICA @entity6 , two @entity10 , one vertebral artery transection with @entity9 , one @entity6 , one minimal @entity8 , and three caroticocavernous @entity5 . A delay of more than 12 hours in making the diagnosis occurred in seven of the 10 @entity0 . The mental status was initially normal in seven @entity0 . The subsequent development of focal neurologic findings incongruent with CT scanning of the head prompted four-vessel angiography. Treatment was individualized and included supportive management, intravenous heparin, ligation, extracranial-intracranial bypass, and radiologic embolization. We have developed an angiographic classification that may aid management. Early angiography in @entity0 with neurologic findings incongruent with head CT scan or in whom a normal sensorium and @entity7 are present may permit improved outcomes. We advocate direct operative repair for accessible lesions of recent onset. For surgically inaccessible lesions, those with delayed presentation or in some cases with a fixed @entity2 , intravenous heparin can be started and follow-up angiography, head CT scanning, and the @entity0 's clinical status determine further therapy.

title: Cervical XXXX after @entity3 .

answer: @entity3


abstract: @entity3 accounts for 3% to 10% of cervical @entity3 . @entity4 and severe @entity1 have been reported in more than 80% of blunt @entity3 . In our recent experience, 10 @entity0 sustained 18 blunt cervical @entity8 : two internal carotid artery (ICA) dissections, three ICA transections with @entity9 , five ICA @entity6 , two @entity10 , one vertebral artery transection with @entity9 , one @entity6 , one minimal @entity8 , and three caroticocavernous @entity5 . A delay of more than 12 hours in making the diagnosis occurred in seven of the 10 @entity0 . The mental status was initially normal in seven @entity0 . The subsequent development of focal neurologic findings incongruent with CT scanning of the head prompted four-vessel angiography. Treatment was individualized and included supportive management, intravenous heparin, ligation, extracranial-intracranial bypass, and radiologic embolization. We have developed an angiographic classification that may aid management. Early angiography in @entity0 with neurologic findings incongruent with head CT scan or in whom a normal sensorium and @entity7 are present may permit improved outcomes. We advocate direct operative repair for accessible lesions of recent onset. For surgically inaccessible lesions, those with delayed presentation or in some cases with a fixed @entity2 , intravenous heparin can be started and follow-up angiography, head CT scanning, and the @entity0 's clinical status determine further therapy.

title: Cervical @entity3 after XXXX .

answer: @entity3


abstract: The study was conducted in 81 @entity0 of @entity2 with small single enhancing CT (SSECT) lesion in brain to determine the clinical profile and duration of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) treatment. The @entity0 were randomly divided into group A (41 cases) and group B (40 cases). Group A @entity0 were treated for 6 months and group B for 1 year with AEDS without cysticidal drugs. The most common mode of presentation was simple partial @entity3 with secondary generalization in both the groups. Repeat imaging of brain (CT/MRI) at 6 months showed disappearance of lesion in 82.94% in group A and 87% in group B, while persistence of lesion was present only in 4.87% in group A and 5% in group B. 87.81% @entity0 in group A and 87.17% in group B were @entity3 free. The recurrence of @entity3 occurred in 12.19% cases in group A, and 12.82% in group B. 80% of these @entity0 had @entity1 in both the groups. This study reveals that SSECT lesion with epilpesy is a benign self-limiting disease. It also reveals that 6 months AED treatment is as effective as one year treatment. @entity0 having @entity1 or persistence of lesion might require long term AED treatment.

title: Randomized prospective study of outcome of short term antiepileptic treatment in small single enhancing XXXX in brain.

answer: @entity1


abstract: Goiters that descend into the mediastinum can cause respiratory embarrassment, @entity3 , @entity4 , @entity5 , and @entity2 . Although many @entity6 remain clinically silent, their ability to produce sudden and unpredictable @entity1 is well known. The condition was not considered uncommon in the first half of the twentieth century; some authors reported series of hundreds of thyroidectomies for @entity7 . Though seen less frequently today, the only effective treatment for @entity6 is surgical removal. We report our experience with the management of 70 consecutive @entity0 with substernal or @entity7 . The clinical presentation, preoperative evaluation, operative technique, and results and complications of therapy are discussed. Consideration is also given to the pathogenesis of intrathoracic extension. The transcervical approach for resection is emphasized--even goiters extending to the aortic arch were safely removed without requiring sternotomy. A multidisciplinary team approach, including the surgeon, anesthesiologist, and endocrinologist, is essential. Because of more conservative trends in the selection of @entity0 for thyroidectomy, the incidence of @entity6 may be increasing.

title: Management of substernal and XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: Population aging has increased and will drastically increase the prevalence of @entity3 . The disease develops inexorably towards a syndrome of marked @entity2 , accompanied of emotional alterations and profound changes of personality. The @entity0 loses its autonomy, and requires special attention of caregivers; this leads to a decrease of the quality of life, not only of the @entity0 but also of its caregivers and family. The reduction of the number of functional nicotinic receptors in brain keeps pace with @entity1 and the severity of the disease (cholinergic theory of @entity3 ). There is a pleyade of data and observations reinforcing the idea that improving cholinergic neurotransmission is an investment in memory. Up to now, although with limited success, this improvement has been achieved only with the reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase @entity5 , @entity7 and @entity6 , available in the clinic since a few years. The last approved has been @entity8 that in spite of being a modest inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, improves memory (ADAS cog test) and @entity2 of @entity3 @entity0 . To explain this therapeutic effect, a second mechanism of action for @entity8 has been suggested, the positive allosteric modulation of presynaptic nicotinic receptors, that will favour the release of @entity4 and other neurotransmitters involved in memory formation. Furthermore, @entity8 possesses neuroprotectant antiapoptotic effects, according to recent data from our laboratory. These effects provide new ideas and therapeutic targets that might help to find novel and efficacious treatments for @entity0 suffering @entity3 .

title: [Nicotinic Receptor, @entity8 and XXXX ].

answer: @entity3


abstract: Population aging has increased and will drastically increase the prevalence of @entity3 . The disease develops inexorably towards a syndrome of marked @entity2 , accompanied of emotional alterations and profound changes of personality. The @entity0 loses its autonomy, and requires special attention of caregivers; this leads to a decrease of the quality of life, not only of the @entity0 but also of its caregivers and family. The reduction of the number of functional nicotinic receptors in brain keeps pace with @entity1 and the severity of the disease (cholinergic theory of @entity3 ). There is a pleyade of data and observations reinforcing the idea that improving cholinergic neurotransmission is an investment in memory. Up to now, although with limited success, this improvement has been achieved only with the reversible inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase @entity5 , @entity7 and @entity6 , available in the clinic since a few years. The last approved has been @entity8 that in spite of being a modest inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, improves memory (ADAS cog test) and @entity2 of @entity3 @entity0 . To explain this therapeutic effect, a second mechanism of action for @entity8 has been suggested, the positive allosteric modulation of presynaptic nicotinic receptors, that will favour the release of @entity4 and other neurotransmitters involved in memory formation. Furthermore, @entity8 possesses neuroprotectant antiapoptotic effects, according to recent data from our laboratory. These effects provide new ideas and therapeutic targets that might help to find novel and efficacious treatments for @entity0 suffering @entity3 .

title: [Nicotinic Receptor, XXXX and @entity3 ].

answer: @entity8


abstract: INTRODUCTION: The @entity5 is an uncommon type of @entity1 . It accounts for less than 1% of all @entity1 of the central nervous system. It originates in the tanicytes, ependymal cells present in the embryo and usually seen in adolescents and young adults. Radiologically it presents as a well delimited, @entity1 with a solid component which takes up contrast and is cystic, giving the same signal as cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The pathological characteristics are of the formation of radial astroblastic pseudorosettes with perivascular hyalinization. CASE REPORT: An 18 year old @entity0 presented with a 15 month history of motor deficit of her right limbs with occasional left frontal @entity2 and horizontal @entity3 on looking towards the left. On examination there was minimal claudication of the right limbs and @entity4 . Magnetic resonance showed a very well circumscribed left prefrontal @entity1 of heterogeneous aspect, with areas of solid and cystic appearance in the different sequences. The area of cystic appearance did not show the CSF signal in all sequences of the pulse. The @entity1 was totally excised. On histological study there were radial astroblastic pseudorosettes with perivascular hyalinization, with two mitoses per 10 fields of great magnification and the final diagnosis was of low grade @entity5 . The apparently cystic portion was composed of friable gelatinous tissue. Fifteen months after her operation the @entity0 is still asymptomatic. CONCLUSION: We report the radiological and pathological findings of a low grade @entity5 .

title: [Low grade XXXX : pathological and magnetic resonance findings].

answer: @entity5


abstract: We have developed a scoring system to quantify extent of extracranial carotid artery @entity2 using real-time ultrasound (B-mode). To evaluate repeatability of this scoring system we correlated repeat scores obtained within a short interval of one another (6 months) in 52 individuals. We compared repeatability of extent measurements with repeatability of a measure of severity (single most severe lesion). Correlations between first and second studies for severity were weak (r2 = 0.20) but significant (p less than 0.001). Extent scores correlated much better (r2 = 0.77, p less than 0.001). In another group of 22 @entity0 we found that the extent of @entity2 decreased following endarterectomy. We used this method to determine changes in extent of @entity3 with age in two sets of individuals. One consisted of a cohort of 22 @entity0 who underwent repeat B-mode studies separated by 1 1/2-3 years. This cohort demonstrated an increase in carotid score with age (p less than 0.05). In a second group of volunteers undergoing cardiac catheterization and B-mode evaluation of the carotid system, carotid scores could be compared in individuals with age differences that averaged 15 years. Extent of @entity3 was significantly greater in older individuals (p less than 0.01) and differences in extent with age were exaggerated in @entity0 with @entity1 compared to @entity1 free controls.

title: Evaluation of a scoring system for extracranial XXXX extent with B-mode ultrasound.

answer: @entity3


abstract: Cerebral blood flow and metabolism of @entity1 , @entity3 , and @entity5 were studied in 43 @entity0 undergoing aortocoronary bypass. Twenty-five @entity0 received @entity7 infusion, 50 ng per kilogram of body weight per minute, during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and 18 @entity0 served as a control group. Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was studied by intraarterially injected xenon 133 and a single scintillation detector. @entity1 tension, @entity4 tension, @entity1 saturation, @entity3 , and @entity5 were measured in arterial and cerebral venous blood. Mean arterial blood pressure decreased during @entity6 and @entity7 infusion to less than 30 mm Hg. The regional CBF was, on average, 22 (standard deviation [SD] 4) ml/100 gm/min before CPB. It increased in the control group during @entity6 to 34 (SD 12) ml/100 gm/min, but decreased in the @entity7 group to 15 (SD 5) ml/100 gm/min. It increased during rewarming in the @entity7 group. After CPB, regional CBF was about 40 ml/100 gm/min in both groups. The cerebral arteriovenous @entity1 pressure difference decreased more in the control group than in the @entity7 group during @entity6 . The cerebral metabolic rate of @entity1 decreased in both groups from approximately 2 ml/100 gm/min to about 1 ml/100 gm/min during @entity6 , @entity2 during rewarming, and after CPB was at the levels measured before bypass in both groups. There was no difference between the groups in regard to @entity3 and @entity5 metabolism.

title: Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during cardiopulmonary bypass with special reference to effects of hypotension induced by XXXX .

answer: @entity7


abstract: INTRODUCTION: Infection of the central nervous system by @entity13 appears in most cases as acute @entity7 which is indistinguishable from other types of acute @entity7 . Rombencephalitis is a rare form of neurolisteriosis, localized to the brainstem. The initial non specific symptoms may make early diagnosis difficult. CASE REPORT: We describe the clinical case of a previously healthy @entity0 who had @entity13 infection localized to the brainstem. Her initial symptoms were @entity4 and @entity1 followed by signs of @entity12 , @entity11 and severe @entity10 which made mechanical ventilation necessary. Study of the cerebrospinal fluid showed lymphocytic pleocytosis, raised protein and normal @entity5 levels. @entity13 was isolated on blood culture. Cranial computerized tomography was normal and magnetic resonance showed a @entity3 . After receiving specific antibiotic treatment the infectious condition improved. However, the @entity2 started to improve when @entity6 was added to the antibiotic treatment twelve days later. The @entity0 was discharged from hospital with slight neurological sequelas. CONCLUSION: In a febrile @entity0 with signs of @entity12 , neurolisteriosis should be suspected and @entity9 and @entity8 added to the treatment. The possibility of acute @entity10 occurring makes it necessary to monitor these @entity0 closely. The association of @entity6 to the antibiotic treatment may be useful in some cases of rombencephalitis due to @entity13 .

title: [Rombencephalitis due to @entity13 . Probable usefulness of XXXX associated with antibiotic treatment].

answer: @entity6